PMID- 6419988
TI  - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis within the spectrum of chronic active hepatitis].

PMID- 6419989
TI  - [Transfection and expression of the S gene of hepatitis B virus in hepatocytes of
      adult rats in primary culture].
AB  - The feasibility of gene transfer in differentiated mammalian cells in primary
      culture, has been worked out in isolated adult rat hepatocytes. The calcium
      phosphate technique has been applied to the hepatocytes after 3 to 5 days of
      culture. The DNA of a plasmid carrying the gene S of HBV has been used in the
      transfection experiments. The transcription of the gene S in the transfected
      hepatocytes, characterized by the synthesis of the gene product (the surface
      antigen HBs Ag) has been demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and cytologic
      visualization by immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6419990
TI  - [Ultrastructural detection of the heterogeneity of glycocalyx in convoluted and
      straight proximal tubules of rat kidney by the lectin-gold complex technic].
AB  - A new histochemical technique in which lectin-gold complexes are applied directly
      to thin and semi-thin sections of tissue was used to determine the distribution
      of Helix pomatia lectin binding sites in the proximal tubule of Rat kidney.
      Whereas a strong labeling was seen on the brush border and baso-lateral plasma
      membranes of convoluted tubules, the plasma membrane of cells from the medullary
      straight segment was unlabeled. Some profiles at the frontier between cortex and
      medulla had a mosaic of positive and negative cells. These results show,
      therefore, considerable segmental variation in the glycocalyx composition of Rat
      proximal tubules.

PMID- 6419991
TI  - [Role of membrane sialic acid of human granulocytes in the stimulation of
      NADPH,H+ oxidase activity].
AB  - The treatment of human polymorphonuclear cells by neuraminidase "type-X" removes
      about 15% of cell sialic acid without modifications of NADPH oxidase activity of
      granulocytes before and after stimulation by opsonized zymosan. A mild periodate
      treatment oxidizes only the poly-hydroxilic chain of sialic acid with formation
      of aldehyde groups. This treatment increases cellular NADPH oxidase activity and
      also largely prevents the stimulation of polymorphonuclear cells by opsonized
      zymosan.

PMID- 6419992
TI  - [Demonstration of elastinolytic activity in blood or plasma].
AB  - The complexes between "elastases" and their seric inhibitors (a. 1. AP and a2. M)
      which could be formed in the blood, are exhibited in vitro: after incubation of
      serum or plasma with 125iodine labelled elastin at pH = 6, followed by extensive
      washing, pH was increased from 6 to 8.6: labelled peptides are released in
      supernatant.

PMID- 6419993
TI  - [Computed cerebral tomography in vivo in Macaca irus I. Geof. on the neuro-ocular
      plane. Comparison with man].
AB  - C.T. exploration by N.O.P. in vivo of a Macaca's head is compared with man. The
      N.O.P. was recognized from many works (E.A.C.). It permitted a biometric approach
      and very precise morphologic study of the brain and the face. For the first time,
      it allows comparisons between monkey and man, at different ages.

PMID- 6419994
TI  - [Human skullcap fragments from one of the Magdalenian levels in a Roman cave
      (Commune of Virignin, Ain)].
AB  - Two fragments of a human skullcap discovered in a magdalenian level are studied.
      These pieces belong to one or two adults. On the endocranial face of the
      parietals, the imprints of the middle meningeal veins show a development and a
      disposition similar to those already described for other fossils discovered in
      European upper paleolithic context and for modern humans. Likewise, the
      morphology of the exocranial face of these bones is modern.

PMID- 6419995
TI  - [Effect of somatomedin A and its serum cofactor on human fibroblasts in culture.
      Relation between mitogenic activity and effects on the biosynthesis of collagen
      and other proteins].
AB  - It was demonstrated in a previous paper that the sulfation activity of
      somatomedin A (SM-A) depends on the presence of a low molecular weight cofactor
      (CoF) present in human serum. In this paper, the effects of the two factors on
      human dermis fibroblast proliferation and syntheses of proteins and collagen were
      studied. The addition of SM-A alone to the culture medium had no mitogenic effect
      but modified the distribution of newly synthesized proteins, since 14C-proline
      incorporation was increased into proteins of the cell layer and decreased into
      proteins of the medium. The addition of CoF alone had no significant effect.
      Simultaneous addition of SM-A and CoF restarted cell divisions and increased the
      inhibiting activity of SM-A on the secretion of proteins into cell supernatant.

PMID- 6419996
TI  - [Demonstration of a bacterial structure in two human mediators: a sleep
      facilitating factor and a monokine].
AB  - A monoclonal anti-MDP antibody was found to bind to "Slow Wave Sleep" factor.
      This result confirms that this factor is a muramyl peptide and furthermore shows
      that it contains a structure characteristic of the synthetic adjuvant and of the
      bacterial cell wall, i.e. an acetylated muramic acid bound to L-alanine. This
      antibody was also shown to specifically inhibit a biological activity of a
      purified human monokine which induces fever. Because of these results and other
      recent observations we propose that a bacterial structure is present in certain
      mammalian mediators.

PMID- 6419997
TI  - [Harmaline tremor: topography of activity in the cerebellar cortex in rats].
AB  - In the Rat under tremorogenic doses of harmaline, Purkinje cells of the vermis of
      the cerebellar cortex display a regular complex spike activity at 6 to 11 Hz
      ("harmaline-rhythm"). With increased laterality of the recorded units, the rhythm
      loses its regularity and then disappears. The intermediate regions thus contain
      less harmaline sensitive units, while lateral regions and those corresponding to
      the vestibulo-oculomotor system did not present any such units. These results
      indicate that the parts of the olivo-cerebellar system activated by harmaline in
      the Rat are homologous to those already known in the Cat, and do not coincide
      with those of the inferior olive where a serotonergic innervation has been
      described.

PMID- 6419998
TI  - [Determination of thiocyanate ions in saliva by coupling high performance liquid
      chromatography with specific electrode].
AB  - An electrochemical method for determination of thiocyanide ions in saliva was
      established. The procedure involves coupling high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) on bounded silica gel (in order to eliminate the
      interference of some ions) with specific electrode. This method is sensitive,
      precise, rapid and requires only few samples. It offers a great interest in
      toxicology for the detection of smoking exposure.

PMID- 6419999
TI  - [Quantitative microcinematographic analysis of interactions between sensory nerve
      cells and cutaneous tissues in vitro: demonstration of a difference in the
      behavior of nerve fibers with respect to dermal and epidermal cells].
AB  - Dynamic and morphometric analysis of interactions between sensory nerve cells and
      cutaneous tissue of 7 day Chick embryos in co-culture show that nerve endings
      behave differently when interacting with dermis of epidermis. In particular,
      nerve fibers display a deviation reaction in the proximity of epidermis.

PMID- 6420000
TI  - [Survival of motile spermatozoa in a medium based on lactate, glucose and
      phosphate].
AB  - Suspensions of motile human spermatozoa, plasma seminal-free, were incubated
      several days into synthetic medium (C2) with lactate, glucose and phosphate as
      principal components. Maintenance of forward motility was compared in C2 medium
      and in known B2 I.N.R.A. medium. C2 medium entertain survival of motile
      spermatozoa during some days at 20 degrees C. This method of conservation should
      allow many homologous artificial inseminations by ovulatory cycle avoiding
      injurious effects of repeated ejaculations or low-temperature conservation.

PMID- 6420001
TI  - [Analysis of human chromosomes by the flow microcytometer].
AB  - Human peripheral lymphocytes metaphase chromosomes, prepared for flow analysis
      were used to evaluate the resolving power of a new microscope-based flow
      cytometer "Leitz MPV flow". We were able to resolve the human karyotype into
      about 15 peaks after simple ethidium bromide staining and excitation with mercury
      arc lamp. These results showed that a simple flow cytometer with a common
      relatively inexpensive source of fluorescence excitation light, can compete with
      more sophisticated laser-illuminated flow cytometers for flow cytogenetic
      studies.

PMID- 6420002
TI  - [Absence of dopaminergic receptor sites identified with (H3)-spiroperidol in the
      intermediate lobe of the rabbit pituitary gland].
AB  - Dopaminergic receptors were sought in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary
      gland by measuring specific 3H-spiroperidol binding. This approach enabled the
      identification of specific sites in the Mouse neurointermediate lobe. In
      contrast, no such sites seem to exist in the Rabbit intermediate lobe. However,
      in the latter species, numerous 3H-spiroperidol binding sites were detected in
      the anterior lobe. These observations tally with immunocytochemical data showing
      the absence of catecholaminergic innervation from the Rabbit intermediate lobe
      and explain why dopamine has no effect on alpha MSH release from the perifused
      gland. A new mode of regulation of melanotrophic function, not based on
      inhibitory dopaminergic control, must be envisaged in Leporidae.

PMID- 6420003
TI  - [Demonstration of the influence of the photoperiod on the plasma concentration of
      the growth hormone in the ram].
AB  - The influence of photoperiod on GH release has been studied in Rams subjected to
      two different light regimes. The first group was submitted to natural daylight
      variations. The second group received daily the following split photoperiod: 7 L,
      9 D, 1 L, 7 D, known to stimulate the release of prolactin. The experiment lasted
      5 months, from January to June. In the first group, plasma GH concentrations
      decreased significantly from January to February (10.1 +/- 0.4 vs 8.7 +/- 0.3 ng
      X hr./ml; P less than 0.02), then increased from April to June (9.3 +/- 0.4 vs
      10.5 +/- 0.7 ng X hr./ml; P less than 0.02). In the second group, GH
      concentrations were higher than in the first group in April (11.9 +/- 0.9 vs 9.3
      +/- 0.4 ng X h/ml; P less than 0.05). However, it decreased between April and
      June (11.9 +/- 0.9 vs 9.7 +/- 0.4 ng X hr./ml; P less than 0.02) and then did not
      differ from that of the first group. These results show that plasma GH
      concentrations are affected by photoperiodic changes and suggest the existence of
      seasonal variations in GH plasma levels in the Ram.

PMID- 6420004
TI  - [VIP removes the inhibition of prolactin secretion induced by dopamine in
      patients with prolactinoma].
AB  - PRL responsitivity after Vaso-active intestinal Peptide (VIP) infusion was
      studied during a Dopamine (DA) infusion, in normal women and women with a
      prolactinoma. VIP alone (6.2 micrograms/min., 12 min.) increases PRL in normal
      females, but does not remove DA-induced PRL-decrease (1 microgram X kg X X min.
      1). It has no effect in women with prolactinoma. In these women, PRL increases
      when VIP is administered at the 200th minute of DA infusion (1 microgram X
      kg/min.). A PRL release by VIP in women with a prolactinoma, could imply the
      restitution of a DA inhibitory control. The same dose of VIP does not modify PRL,
      when administered during a 4 microgram X kg/min. infusion of DA, in women with a
      prolactinoma.

PMID- 6420005
TI  - [Protection of mice by trehalose dimycolate against lethal infection by
      Trypanosoma cruzi].
AB  - Four weekly injections of 50 micrograms of trehalose dimycolate (TDM) in FIA
      protect 40% of the Mice against a lethal infection by Trypanosoma cruzi; under
      the same conditions MDP (muramyldipeptide) has only a very slight effect.

PMID- 6420006
TI  - [Decrease of pulmonary phosphatidylglycerol in the fetuses of rats made diabetic
      by streptozotocin].
AB  - Phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were studied on gestational day
      21.5 in the lung of Rat fetuses from streptozotocin-diabetic mothers (severe
      diabetes; maternal glycemia, 16.5 16.5 mmol/l). A 55% decrease of
      phosphatidylglycerol and a concomitant 60% increase of phosphatidylinositol were
      shown. These changes are qualitatively similar to those previously observed in
      amniotic fluid of human fetuses from diabetic mothers. Since in the severely
      diabetic pregnant Rat, the fetuses present hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia,
      instead of reactional hyperinsulinemia as the human fetus does, the changes
      observed in fetal lung are probably due to a direct effect of glucose excess,
      possibly through an increase of blood myoinositol.

PMID- 6420007
TI  - [Extrahypothalamic efferent pathways of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat].
AB  - Efferent connections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the Rat were
      evidenced using specific silver impregnation techniques designed to explore
      degenerating nerve fibers and terminals after a unilateral destruction of the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus. Suprachiasmatic efferences were confirmed and terminal
      buttons were identified in the septum, habenula and paraventricular nucleus of
      the thalamus. In addition suprachiasmatic fibers and nerve endings were revealed
      in the medial, cortical and central nuclei of the amygdala in the hippocampic
      subiculum, in different areas of the olfactory system and in the area
      parolfactoria.

PMID- 6420008
TI  - [Xanthine oxidase activity: NAD+-dependent and O2-dependent forms in carrageenan
      granuloma in the rat].
AB  - Xanthine oxidase activity: NAD+-dependent form (D) and O2-dependent form (O) were
      carried out in cytosol supernatants of connective tissue growth (T.C.N.F.), skin
      tail, liver and plasma of carrageenan induced granuloma in the Rat. The specific
      activities of skin, liver and plasma were normal in animals with a granuloma. The
      total specific activity (D + O): 7.53 +/- 0.98 mU/mg protein, and the percentage
      of form O: 51.6 +/- 5.1 of the granulomatous tissue as compared to the tail are
      significantly increased. These results suggest the likely function of xanthine
      oxidase during the inflammatory response.

PMID- 6420009
TI  - [Simulation of neuronal networks (SIRENE). I. The model].
AB  - SIRENE is a computer simulation in PASCAL of neural networks, based on a simple
      but realistic neuron model, which can work for a large number of neurons and
      connections. It can be regarded as an experimental substitute.

PMID- 6420010
TI  - [New substances with high specific activity for nucleic acid sequences:
      oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent].
AB  - New molecules are described in which an intercalating agent is covalently linked
      through a polymethylene chain to an oligodeoxynucleotide. Using an oligodT
      sequence covalently linked to an acridine dye, it is shown that these molecules
      bind in a specific way to their complementary sequence (poly (A] and that the
      stability is strongly enhanced by the intercalating agent as compared with the
      unmodified oligodT. Substitution of a phosphate group by a positively charged
      group strengthens complex formation and protects the neighboring phosphodiester
      bond against nuclease cleavage.

PMID- 6420011
TI  - [Mitogenic factors for macrophages present in inflammatory exudates and sera of
      normal or athymic animals].
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages in culture could be stimulated to divide after treatment
      with serum or exudate from animals presenting an acute inflammatory reaction.
      This stimulation is still detected up to 1/4096 dilution for exudate and up to
      1/8 192 for serum. This factor can be evidenced in athymic mice presenting an
      acute inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 6420012
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological properties of septohippocampal neurons
      identified by antidromic simulation in rats].
AB  - The physiological and pharmacological properties of septo-hippocampal neurons
      (identified through antidromic stimulation of the fimbria) were studied in the
      Rat under urethane anaesthesia. Half of these neurons (located in the medial
      septum and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca) displayed a rhythmic,
      bursting activity at about 4/s. A large majority of these neurons (bursting as
      well as non-bursting) could be excited through iontophoretic application of
      acetylcholine or carbachol.

PMID- 6420013
TI  - [Change in the active transport of amino acids during competence in Streptococcus
      pneumoniae].
AB  - Streptococcus pneumoniae can be transformed by DNA. Transformation occurs in a
      transitory physiological state called competence. We observed a modulation of the
      Vi of aminoacid uptakes which seems selectively related to the energy coupling of
      the corresponding transports.

PMID- 6420014
TI  - [Stimulation by ionizing radiation of the proliferative potential of fibroblasts
      from children with del(13q14) retinoblastoma].
AB  - Skin fibroblasts from normal children and two children with a 13q14 deletion
      retinoblastoma (Rb) were submitted to fractionated doses of gamma radiations.
      Irradiation reduced the population doublings in normal fibroblasts and the
      decline was inversely related to the dose. An increase in population doublings
      was obtained with one of the Rb cell lines. Foci appeared in the irradiated
      culture of the other Rb donor. It is suggested that fibroblasts from patients
      with Rb are able to express some phenotypical properties of transformed cells,
      perhaps related to factors rendering them more susceptible to carcinogens.

PMID- 6420015
TI  - [Presence of a substance immunologically related to somaliberin extracted from
      human pancreatic tumor (hpGRF) in neurons of the hypophysiotropic area in the
      guinea-pig and rat].
AB  - An antiserum raised against the synthetic human pancreatic tumour GRF (hpGRF)
      made it possible to localize an immunoreactive material in 100 nm granules of
      nerve terminals distributed in the external layer of the median eminence in
      Guinea-Pig and Rat. Moreover, especially in colchicine-treated Guinea-Pigs,
      numerous stained perikarya were observed, exclusively located in the arcuate
      nucleus. These results suggest that hypothalamic GRF is very similar, if not
      identical, to hpGRF.

PMID- 6420016
TI  - The problem of nausea and vomiting in modern cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6420017
TI  - Tumors of the major and minor salivary glands.
AB  - Surgery for salivary gland tumors requires technical skill, competence in head
      and neck anatomy, and a familiarity with a variety of tumors. Benign salivary
      tumors at all sites should be 100 percent curable, with a local recurrence rate
      of less than five percent; these local failures should be curable with further
      surgery. The majority of parotid tumors are benign. Sixty-two percent of patients
      with malignant parotid tumors will be alive at five years, 54 percent at 10
      years, and 47 percent at 15 years. These survival rates for malignant parotid
      tumors are better than those for malignant tumors in the submaxillary and minor
      salivary glands and may be explained in part by the presence of a higher
      percentage of low-grade malignant tumors in the parotid gland. Since most
      submaxillary gland tumors are malignant, they are more dangerous than parotid
      tumors. A total of 80 percent of patients with submaxillary gland tumors die as a
      result of cancer. Almost all minor salivary gland tumors are malignant;
      curability relates to size, local extension, histology, and nodal metastases.
      Forty-five percent are alive at five years, and 21 percent at 15 years. Wide
      field radical surgical excision is needed for malignant salivary tumors to
      minimize local recurrences and treatment failures. Future improvement in
      treatment results will be made possible by increased awareness of this group of
      tumors, earlier diagnosis when tumors are still small, more radical extirpation,
      and greater use of postoperative radiation therapy.

PMID- 6420018
TI  - Secondary carcinoma involving the left atrium.
AB  - Although involvement of the heart by metastatic cancer is not uncommon, it is
      particularly unusual for such tumors to involve the endocardial surface and
      obstruct blood flow. In the patient described, a large cell, undifferentiated
      carcinoma of the lung migrated down the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. The
      clinical picture was consistent with the intermittent ball-valve effect seen with
      atrial myxomas. The frequency and clinical effects of secondary carcinomas
      involving the endocardial surface are discussed.

PMID- 6420019
TI  - Asbestos: historical perspective.

PMID- 6420020
TI  - Classics in Oncology: Asbestos exposure and neoplasia.
AB  - Building trades insulation workers have relatively light, intermittent exposure
      to asbestos. Of 632 insulation workers, who entered the trade before 1943 and
      were traced through 1962, 45 died of cancer of the lung or pleura, whereas only
      6.6 such deaths were expected. Three of the pleural tumors were mesotheliomas;
      there was also one peritoneal mesothelioma. Four mesotheliomas in a total of 255
      deaths is an exceedingly high incidence for such a rare tumor. In addition, an
      unexpectedly large number of men died of cancer of the stomach, colon, or rectum
      (29 compared with 9.4 expected). Other cancers were not increased; 20.5 were
      expected, and 21 occurred. Twelve men died of asbestosis.

PMID- 6420021
TI  - The continuing challenge of mammography.

PMID- 6420022
TI  - Unproven methods of cancer managememt: macrobiotic diets.
AB  - After careful study of the literature and other information available to it, the
      American Cancer Society has found no evidence that treatment with macrobiotic
      diets results in objective benefit in the treatment of cancer in human beings.
      Lacking such evidence, the American Cancer Society would strongly urge
      individuals afflicted with cancer not to participate in treatment with
      macrobiotic diets. In addition, the more restrictive macrobiotic diets pose a
      serious hazard to health.

PMID- 6420023
TI  - Mammography.

PMID- 6420024
TI  - Cancer statistics, 1984.

PMID- 6420025
TI  - Effect of cimetidine premedication on morphine-induced ventilatory depression.
AB  - The potential respiratory interaction between morphine and cimetidine was studied
      by determining resting ventilation, PETCO2 and ventilatory response to added
      carbon dioxide in eight healthy volunteers on three separate occasions following
      administration of : (1) cimetidine 600 mg p.o., (2) morphine 10 mg IM, (3)
      morphine 10 mg IM preceded by cimetidine 600 mg p.o. Individual entry into the
      study was randomized and separated by at least one week. All measurements were
      determined at time 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720 minutes and at
      the end of 24 hours. In addition, serum morphine levels were measured in six
      subjects during the first six hours following morphine administration. Cimetidine
      alone had negligible respiratory effects. Morphine alone reduced resting
      ventilation, elevated PETCO2 and reduced the ventilatory response to added CO2,
      while the morphine-cimetidine combination caused a more profound depression of
      the CO2 response and delay in its recovery. No significant difference between
      resting ventilation and PETCO2 was observed. We conclude that cimetidine
      premedication interacts with morphine to prolong the respiratory depression but
      the magnitude of this interaction is small and clinically insignificant in
      healthy subjects. Caution, however, should be exercised in susceptible patients.

PMID- 6420026
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin administration during infrarenal aortic clamping.
AB  - Twenty-five patients requiring infrarenal abdominal aortic clamping were studied
      during halothane, nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Aortic clamping caused reductions in
      cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI) and left ventricular stroke work
      index (LVSWI). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increased. In seven patients CI
      was less than 1.81 X min-1 X m-2. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin, 1
      microgram X kg-1 X min-1, for 20 minutes, accompanied by volume loading to
      maintain pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, resulted in a significant
      improvement in haemodynamic parameters. CI increased 24 per cent as a result of a
      14 per cent increase in SVI and an eight per cent increase in heart rate. LVSWI
      increased 13 per cent and SVR decreased 21 per cent. The plasma nitroglycerin
      concentration at the time of these measurements was 2.9 +/- 1.0 ng X ml-1. Aortic
      unclamping resulted in a mean maximum decrease of 14 +/- 2 torr mean arterial
      pressure. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and plasma renin activity gradually
      increased during the period of the anaesthetic.

PMID- 6420027
TI  - Studies of the absorption and enterohepatic circulation of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the rat.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine intraluminal factors which might alter the
      bioavailability of an orally ingested hydrocarbon carcinogen, 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and to assess the extent of its enterohepatic
      circulation. Rats with biliary and duodenal fistulae were administered
      radiolabelled hydrocarbon dissolved in olive oil, safflower oil, or medium-chain
      triglyceride only or with exogenous bile. Subsequent biliary excretion and plasma
      levels of radiolabel were monitored. Luminal bile significantly enhanced biliary
      recovery of radiolabel following instillation in both long-chain triglyceride
      vehicles, but did not affect the recovery from the medium-chain oil. In the
      presence of luminal bile, plasma levels and biliary recovery of radiolabel using
      the medium-chain triglyceride were significantly less than with either long-chain
      triglyceride. Following intraduodenal infusions of the radiolabelled biliary
      products of the carcinogen, 33% of the administered radiolabel was subsequently
      re-excreted in the bile within 24 h. This study, therefore, demonstrates that,
      while bile is not absolutely necessary for the uptake of this orally ingested
      hydrocarbon carcinogen, it significantly facilitates absorption from a long-chain
      triglyceride vehicle. Under physiological conditions, a long-chain triglyceride
      vehicle will provide greater systemic availability than a medium-chain vehicle
      for the hydrocarbon, which then undergoes extensive biliary excretion and
      recycling.

PMID- 6420028
TI  - The relationship between three potential pathogens and pollution indicator
      organisms in Nova Scotian coastal waters.
AB  - Fifteen stations, in two estuaries, along the Northumberland Strait of Nova
      Scotia were examined between June and September 1981 for a relationship between
      the concentrations of commonly monitored fecal indicator bacteria and the
      potential pathogens Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus. Increased densities of these three organisms were usually
      associated with high densities of indicator bacteria. Whereas C. albicans and P.
      aeruginosa occur in human fecal wastes, V. parahaemolyticus is indigenous to the
      marine environment and positively responds to elevated nutrient levels in sewage.
      There is also some evidence that these bacteria survive as long or longer in
      marine waters than the common indicator bacteria. While membrane-filtration
      techniques for the enumeration of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa proved
      satisfactory, a V. parahaemolyticus membrane-filtration method lacked specificity
      and was supplemented by a most-probable-number method. In marine recreational and
      shellfish waters, these three organisms could complement fecal coliforms and
      fecal streptococci as indicators of human fecal contamination.

PMID- 6420029
TI  - Theoretical maximum and observed product yields associated with curdlan
      production by Alcaligenes faecalis.
AB  - As a guide to both strain and process improvement and based on certain
      assumptions concerning both glucose and energy metabolism of the process
      organism, Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes, the theoretical "maximum" carbon
      (glucose) substrate to product conversion efficiency (i.e., product yield) has
      been estimated for "curdlan-type" beta(1 leads to 3)-glucan exopolysaccharide
      production in batch fermentations. Under nitrogen limitation, which promotes
      curdlan biosynthesis (mu = 0), the rate of glucose consumption for cellular
      maintenance energy (grams of glucose per gram of cells per hour) was
      approximately five times higher than under carbon limitation. The decrease in the
      theoretical "maximum" curdlan conversion efficiency of 74% to the average value
      of 50-56% was due primarily to the high maintenance coefficient of the nitrogen
      starved culture.

PMID- 6420030
TI  - Growth responses of Neisseria gonorrhoeae auxotypes to required amino acids and
      bases in liquid medium.
AB  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains can be grouped or differentiated (auxotyped) by
      their requirements for none, or any one or more of proline, uracil, hypoxanthine,
      and citrulline or ornithine. Most strains were readily assessed because they
      responded with growth or no growth on each defined auxanographic medium. Other
      strains gave indeterminate responses on agar and the reasons were not obvious.
      Liquid growth studies for quantifying the usual responses showed that yields of
      appropriate N. gonorrhoeae auxotrophs were proportional to replacement
      concentrations of any one of these amino acids or bases, of methionine, or of
      cysteine plus cystine. This type of response, where log growth rates and lag
      times were unaffected, is proposed as the basis for defining (simple) auxotrophy
      in gonococci. The formula of the defined medium was improved by increasing
      proline, uracil, and hypoxanthine beyond limiting concentrations, and decreasing
      citrulline or ornithine, and cysteine plus cystine. Fatty acid--free bovine
      albumin was used to ensure homogeneous growth in liquid media. In agar, it was
      superior to starch for the nonnutritive protective effect required by many
      strains.

PMID- 6420031
TI  - Mouse immune response to meningococcal antigens.
AB  - The mouse immune response against Neisseria meningitidis was studied by using an
      extract from group Y (Slaterus) known to contain protein antigens common to other
      meningococci. By using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, high titers of specific
      IgM and IgG class antibodies were measured which lasted over 2 months after
      immunization. These antibodies cross-reacted with similar extracts from other
      meningococci groups. Bactericidal antibodies directed against protein antigens
      were also elicited after immunization and they belonged to IgM, IgG2a, and IgG2b
      isotypes. Cellular immunity, expressed as delayed type hypersensitivity under the
      conditions tested, could be detected neither in homologous nor heterologous
      reactions.

PMID- 6420032
TI  - Effect of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule components on the growth and
      survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils were prepared by
      extraction with 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 4.0), dialyzed against phosphate
      buffered saline (pH 7.0), and tested for bactericidal activity against selected
      target bacteria. Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and a series of progressively rough
      lipopolysaccharide outer membrane mutants derived from it were used to monitor
      antimicrobial activity. Although an antimicrobial potential was present in rat
      granule contents for S. typhimurium, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1
      in antimicrobial assay mixtures containing rat granule contents was substantially
      enhanced over control values. The growth enhancement property of the granule
      protein was heat resistant and promoted increased oxygen consumption by whole
      cells.

PMID- 6420033
TI  - Costs and "benefits" of cigarette smoking in Canada: comment.

PMID- 6420034
TI  - Value of preventive medicine.

PMID- 6420035
TI  - Psychological, hormonal, and weight disturbances in functional amenorrhea.
AB  - The authors studied functional secondary amenorrhea in young women. There was a
      high incidence of weight disturbance. Hormone assays demonstrated a diminution of
      hypothalamic-pituitary function in the underweight group. The findings from
      psychiatric interviews and psychological testing revealed the prevalence of
      psychopathology with disorders of self concept, confusion of body image, faulty
      mechanisms of defence in dealing with affects and impulses and disturbances of
      interpersonal relationships. The onset of amenorrhea was often related to
      situations of stress. The results suggested that psychological factors were
      primary in the development of functional secondary amenorrhea.

PMID- 6420036
TI  - Ameloblastoma of the jaw. A reappraisal of the role of megavoltage irradiation.
AB  - Ten patients with ameloblastoma of the jaw were treated with megavoltage
      irradiation between 1958 and 1982. Seven cases were treated with radiation alone
      and six responded initially. One patient subsequently recurred and was
      successfully salvaged surgically. Three patients were treated with combined
      radiation therapy and surgery. Carefully applied megavoltage irradiation has a
      useful role in the management of ameloblastoma, particularly in large maxillary
      tumors with associated destruction of the infrastructure of the maxillary antrum.
      It is apparent from this series, and from the literature, that the ameloblastoma
      is not an inherently radioresistant tumor.

PMID- 6420038
TI  - Long survival in a patient with alpha-chain disease.
AB  - A patient with evidence at presentation of alpha-heavy chain disease and an
      immunoblastic lymphoma is presented, who had remained in clinical, histologic,
      and immunologic remission for more than 12 years following initial radiotherapy
      and corticosteroids. The suggested management of this condition and its prognosis
      is discussed.

PMID- 6420037
TI  - Canine gastric glycoprotein antigens in early carcinogenesis.
AB  - The effect of one single dose of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on
      the antigenic structures of gastric juice glycoproteins, was studied in dogs.
      Antisera to glycoproteins of the fetal alimentary canal were raised. Histologic
      mucosal specimens and glycoprotein fractions of gastric juice which were taken
      from four dogs during a 15.5-month period after MNNG administration, were
      examined immunohistologically and by immunodiffusion for the appearance of fetal
      like antigens. Fetal-like structures appeared in a stepwise manner in both the
      acid and neutral glycoprotein fractions of the gastric juice, and showed gradual
      crossreactivity between macromolecules obtained from gastric juice samples
      obtained during the observation period. Eight immunizations carried out using
      physicochemically different glycoprotein fractions of fetal canine alimentary
      canal mucosa, produced a similar response, thus indicating that the same
      antigenic structures are incorporated into all mucus glycoproteins, even though
      they do differ physicochemically. It is suggested that this "omnipotential"
      incorporation picture could also be found after exposure to MNNG and is, by its
      nature, typically fetal.

PMID- 6420039
TI  - Mitomycin C intravesical therapy in noninvasive bladder cancer after failure on
      thiotepa.
AB  - Mitomycin C 40 mg in 40 ml water was administered intravesically every week for 8
      consecutive weeks to 60 patients with superficial bladder cancer. All patients
      had failed treatment with intravesical thiotepa and had evaluable disease. An
      objective response of 50% or greater reduction in measured tumor mucosal
      involvement was obtained in 68% of patients. Forty-two percent of the patients
      achieved a complete response, and this included 50% of patients with Grade III
      disease and 70% of patients with a T1 tumor. Median response duration in complete
      responders was 12.2 months with a range of 3.5 to 24.3 + months. Fifty-five
      percent of patients are still responding. Therapy was generally well tolerated,
      and in contrast to thiotepa, myelosuppression was not the dose-limiting effect.
      One third of all patients experienced symptoms of local irritation, and skin
      reactions were seen in 12% of patients.

PMID- 6420040
TI  - Whole-body protein metabolism in cancer-bearing patients. Effect of total
      parenteral nutrition and associated serum insulin response.
AB  - Aggressive nutritional support of the cancer patient undergoing treatment has
      become widespread standard practice. In order to evaluate the effect of total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) on protein metabolism, 11 patients with localized
      squamous cell carcinoma of the distal esophagus were studied in the
      postabsorptive state and again after 2 weeks of TPN. After two weeks of TPN,
      these cancer patients demonstrated a significant increase in body weight
      associated with positive nitrogen balance and an insignificant increase in total
      body potassium (determined by whole body 40K scanning), a measure of lean body
      mass. Serum transferrin, ceruloplasmin, and total protein did not change
      significantly, whereas serum albumin decreased significantly (3.5 +/- 0.1 to 3.1
      +/- 0.1 g dl-1). Evaluation of whole-body protein kinetics by constant infusion
      of 15N-glycine demonstrated a significant increase in protein flux (2.79 +/- 0.20
      to 4.02 +/- 0.33 g protein kg-1 day-1). In the group as a whole, protein
      synthesis increased and catabolism decreased, but not significantly. Skeletal
      muscle protein catabolism, as measured by the rate of excretion of urinary 3
      methylhistidine (mumol kg-1 day-1) decreased significantly after 2 weeks of TPN
      (2.5 +/- 0.1 to 1.9 +/- 0.2). A change from basal to stimulated (TPN) serum
      insulin level of 40 to 120 microU/ml was found to be associated with optimal
      changes in protein synthesis and skeletal muscle catabolism. Five patients fell
      within this optimal range of serum insulin, and demonstrated a significant
      increase in the rate of wholebody protein synthesis (2.13 +/- 0.35 to 3.56 +/-
      0.45 g protein kg-1 day-1) with an insignificant increase in whole-body protein
      catabolism (2.74 +/- 0.42 to 3.16 +/- 0.43), and a significant decrease in
      urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (2.50 +/- 0.35 to 1.53 +/- 0.24) after 2
      weeks of TPN. It is concluded that optimum nutritional support with TPN is
      beneficial to the cancer patients' protein economy by stimulating whole body
      protein synthesis while decreasing skeletal muscle protein catabolism. It is also
      concluded that there exists a range of serum insulin in which whole-body protein
      synthesis and catabolism are optimized.

PMID- 6420041
TI  - Potentiation of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine in rat prostate cancer.
AB  - The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are fundamentally related
      to both normal and neoplastic cell proliferation. The prostate gland and
      prostatic tumors in man and rodents contain large amounts of polyamines. This
      suggests that inhibition of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) may retard
      the growth of prostatic cancer. Since alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and
      methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG) are irreversible and competitive
      inhibitors of ODC and SAMDC, respectively, they were tested as single agents and
      in combination on a transplantable rapidly growing and hormone-resistant G
      subline of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. Groups of rats
      bearing tumors were treated with various regimens of DFMO, MGBG, and DFMO plus
      MGBG, daily for 21 days. Analysis of differences in tumor growth between
      treatment groups and controls showed DFMO had no antitumor effect but was well
      tolerated, MGBG retarded growth rate significantly but resulted in drug deaths in
      over 50% of the animals, and the combination of DFMO and MGBG resulted in rapid
      decline in tumor growth rates after 5 to 9 days of treatment with reduced
      toxicity. At 21 days, or death, 38 of 60 (63%) rats had no viable tumor on
      histologic study, whereas tumor was present in each of the animals in the other
      groups. Alpha-difluoromethylornithine increased the intracellular uptake of MGBG
      and potentiated the antigrowth activity of MGBG on a hormone refractory rat
      prostatic tumor with less toxicity than MGBG alone.

PMID- 6420042
TI  - Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and dopaminergic
      inhibition in benign breast disease.
AB  - Pituitary function was tested in predefined clinical groups of benign breast
      disease under strictly controlled clinical and laboratory conditions. Two
      different tests of prolactin storage and control mechanisms, direct stimulation
      by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and inhibition of dopaminergic control by
      domperidone, indicate a significant abnormality in patients with severe cyclical
      mastalgia and nodular breast disease (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.002),
      but not in those with noncyclical mastalgia. No abnormalities of thyroid function
      were found.

PMID- 6420043
TI  - Alteration of tumor cell kinetics by pulse total parenteral nutrition. Potential
      therapeutic implications.
AB  - Previous work has demonstrated that substrate-induced alterations of tumor
      metabolism can be exploited to potentiate tumor response to cycle-specific
      chemotherapy (methotrexate, Adriamycin [doxorubicin] ). This study was performed
      to investigate the biologic mechanism responsible for this phenomenon by
      determining the effect of short-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on tumor
      cytokinetics. Forty-two female Lewis/Wistar rats with subcutaneous mammary tumor
      implants (AC-33) underwent superior vena caval cannulation, and were randomized
      to receive either TPN or normal saline intravenously. Animals receiving TPN were
      killed at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiating TPN; control animals given
      normal saline were killed at 0, 24, and 48 hours after randomization. At the time
      animals were killed tumor cytokinetic analysis was performed by flow
      cytophotometry. The percentage of tumor cells in S-phase was significantly
      increased in animals after only 2 hours of TPN (55.5 +/- 9.1%) compared with the
      control group (43.7 +/- 7.7%) (P less than 0.01). The ratio of
      sensitive/resistant tumor cells to S-phase-specific chemotherapy was effectively
      increased in animals receiving adjuvant TPN (1.31 +/- 0.43) compared with control
      animals (0.80 +/- 0.25) (P less than 0.015). This alteration in tumor
      cytokinetics provides one explanation for the enhanced tumor response to cycle
      specific chemotherapy previously observed with pulse TPN administration.

PMID- 6420044
TI  - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene-DNA adducts in cultured cells from mouse
      fetuses of different gestational ages.
AB  - Primary cell cultures prepared from individual litters of NIH Swiss mouse fetuses
      of different gestational ages were incubated with 7,12
      [3H]dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 24 h. Levels of binding of DMBA to DNA
      and the distribution of individual DMBA-deoxyribonucleoside adducts were similar
      in all cultures derived from fetuses of 13-15 days of gestation. However, in
      cells from fetuses at 17-19 days changes in DMBA-DNA binding were noted. In
      particular the syn bay region dihydrodiol epoxide of DMBA was responsible for a
      significantly greater fraction of the total DMBA-DNA binding in the cultures from
      the more mature fetuses.

PMID- 6420045
TI  - The curative action of hexamethylmelamine on intramuscularly or intracerebrally
      implanted Yoshida sarcoma.
AB  - Curative effects of hexamethylmelamine (HMM, NSC 13875) against intramuscularly
      or intracerebrally implanted Yoshida sarcoma depend on the schedules. A twice
      daily oral administration over a 2-week period showed a significant
      chemotherapeutic advantage over a single daily administration. The observed
      curative effect depends on the tumour site and on its mass. The Yoshida sarcoma
      seems to be one of the most suitable test models for HMM or related derivatives.

PMID- 6420046
TI  - Adjuvant immune stimulation with Corynebacterium parvum during maintenance
      chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. A prospective randomized study.
AB  - Of 93 consecutively treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia 36 (39%)
      achieved complete remission (CR). Thirty-five patients were randomized to receive
      either maintenance chemotherapy alone (C) or a combination of active nonspecific
      immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum and chemotherapy (C + I). Maintenance
      therapy was given monthly for 1 year or until relapse. The median survival time
      was 21 months for patients treated with chemotherapy alone, compared with 30
      months for patients treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The median
      remission duration was 15 months for patients treated with chemotherapy, compared
      with 18 months for chemotherapy and immunotherapy group. While no statistically
      significant difference in remission duration or survival time could be attributed
      to the use of immune stimulation, a plateau of 40% long-term time survivors was
      defined in the chemotherapy and immunotherapy group. Age and sex were found to be
      the major prognostic factors for achievement of CR. No difference was found in
      remission duration or survival between the two different induction schedules.
      Neither did the morphological subtype of AML (FAB classification) or the
      leukocyte count at diagnosis correlate with remission rate or survival.

PMID- 6420047
TI  - Effect on natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of adjuvant
      cytotoxic chemotherapy including melphalan in breast cancer.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent (K) cell activity were
      studied sequentially in 30 patients with early node-positive breast cancer
      entered into an adjuvant chemotherapy trial. The drugs used were melphalan, and
      melphalan with methotrexate, given for 12 months. Estimations were made 3-monthly
      during chemotherapy, and then at 15 and 24 months to assess recovery. Mean values
      for NK-cell activity during chemotherapy were significantly lower than the mean
      pre-chemotherapy baseline value at all time-points from 3 to 15 months, but there
      was recovery by 24 months. Mean values for K-cell activity during chemotherapy
      did not appear to differ from the mean pre-chemotherapy value, but variability in
      individual values was high. Over a 4-year follow-up period, a comparison of 16
      patients who did not develop recurrent breast cancer with 14 who did showed that
      NK-cell activity was significantly lower in the latter group 12 months after the
      start of chemotherapy.

PMID- 6420048
TI  - Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the growth of 9L rat brain tumor
      multicellular spheroids and their response to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea.
AB  - 9L rat brain tumor cell spheroids were treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (DFMO) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) alone and in combination.
      In contrast to results obtained with 9L monolayer culture cells, very low
      concentrations of DFMO killed spheroid cell within 0.5 day after the start of
      treatment; cell kill was maximum within 2 to 3 days. DFMO cytotoxicity could be
      prevented by adding putrescine (to a final concentration of 1 mM) to the culture
      medium. DFMO also significantly slowed and eventually stopped the growth of
      spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Cells in all regions of DFMO-pretreated
      spheroids were sensitized to BCNU as measured by colony-forming efficiency; this
      sensitization was prevented when putrescine was added to culture medium before
      BCNU treatment. When used as single agents, either a 3-day treatment with 10 mM
      DFMO or a 1-hr treatment with BCNU (1.5 micrograms/ml) produced similar growth
      delay, but used in combination, the two agents produced a much longer growth
      delay than produced by either agent alone. Growth of spheroids treated
      continuously for up to 28 days with 10 mM DFMO ceased at approximately 7 times
      the volume at the time of treatment. When spheroid cells were treated for 1 hr
      with BCNU (1.5 micrograms/ml) and then were treated continuously with DFMO,
      growth plateaued at approximately 3.5 times the volume at the time of treatment;
      when spheroids were treated first with DFMO for 3 days, then with BCNU (1.5
      micrograms/ml) for 1 hr, and then treated continuously with DFMO, growth
      plateaued at approximately 1.5 times the volume at the time of treatment. The
      number of clonogenic cells per spheroid that survived combination treatment also
      reflected the cytotoxic effects of the two drugs. Thus, the combined drug
      treatment was very effective in inhibiting the growth of spheroids and in
      preventing an increase in the number of clonogenic cells per spheroid.

PMID- 6420049
TI  - Perturbations of enzymic uracil excision due to guanine modifications in DNA.
AB  - Phage PBS2 DNA, which contains uracil in place of thymine, was used as substrate
      for purified Bacillus subtilis uracil:DNA glycosylase. Incubation of this DNA
      with the ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene resulted in the
      production of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)acetylaminofluorene. A decreased Vmax
      resulted from the reaction of the glycosylase with this arylamidated substrate.
      Addition of a 2-fold excess of control PBS2 DNA following initiation of the
      reaction with the modified substrate showed delayed dissociation of the enzyme
      from the arylamidated DNA. This shows that the presence of a carcinogen-modified
      DNA base can reduce the capacity for uracil excision. Therefore, interference
      with enzymic release of uracil from DNA may be an indirect mechanism of
      mutagenesis by carcinogen:DNA adducts.

PMID- 6420050
TI  - Different concanavalin A binding patterns of malignant and nonmalignant mouse
      mammary epithelia in monolayer culture.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) binding of fixed malignant and nonmalignant C3H/He mouse
      mammary epithelia in monolayer cultures was examined with markers and labels of
      various sizes. In Con A-mediated hemadsorption, high epithelial cell densities
      resulted in the adsorbance of more guinea pig red blood cells per culture dish
      but fewer per cell. Malignant epithelia adsorbed twice as many red blood cells as
      did nonmalignant cells at the same cell density. Ferritin-Con A tagged the
      budding particles of mouse mammary tumor virus and other parts of the epithelial
      surface evenly. Hemadsorption occurred at the particle-free part of the apical
      membrane. The amount of 125I-Con A bound per dish, however, was not related to
      cell density but was almost identical for cells from the same source.
      Nonmalignant cells bound twice as much 125I-Con A as did malignant cells. The
      calculated association constants of Con A-binding sites on malignant cells,
      however, were twice as large as those on nonmalignant cells. This explains, at
      least partly, the greater number of red blood cells adsorbed by malignant cells.
      Con A-labeled Sepharose 4B beads were not useful for our purposes, and
      fluorescein isothiocyanate-Con A did not distinguish between malignant and
      nonmalignant epithelia.

PMID- 6420051
TI  - Tumor hypoglycemia induced in nude mice by a heterotransplantable human ovarian
      carcinoma line (OCL-1).
AB  - Tumor hypoglycemia induced by a heterotransplantable human ovarian carcinoma line
      (OCL-1) was described. Plasma glucose decreased to 36 +/- 9 mg/dl (S.D.) at 8 to
      12 weeks after the transplantation. Significant amounts of immunoreactive insulin
      and insulin-like active substance could not be detected in tumor tissues. Plasma
      immunoreactive insulin levels were low, and glucagon levels were high in OCL-1
      bearing nude mice, compared with the control. Light- and electron
      microscopically, tumor cells possessed large amounts of glycogen, and this
      finding was also biochemically confirmed. OCL-1 tumor showed high glycogen
      synthetase activity compared with other control tumors, while glycogen
      phosphorylase activity was the same level as other tumors. The high glycogen
      synthetase activity was considered to be the cause of glycogen accumulation in
      tumor cells. Hypoglycemia in OCL-1-bearing nude mice was considered to be caused
      by abnormal redistribution of glycogen, i.e., marked accumulation of glycogen in
      tumor tissues and depletion of glycogen in the host liver. This OCL-1 tumor-nude
      mice system was thought to be a good model for research on the mechanisms of
      tumor hypoglycemia occurring in cancer patients with nonpancreatic islet cell
      tumors.

PMID- 6420052
TI  - Differential effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the in vivo uptake of 14C
      labeled polyamines and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) by a rat prostate
      derived tumor.
AB  - The uptake of exogenously administered radiolabeled polyamines by a rat prostate
      derived tumor line, the Dunning R3327 MAT-Lu, and various normal tissues was
      studied. Pretreatment of tumor cells in vitro with alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (DFMO), a polyamine synthesis inhibitor, resulted in a markedly enhanced uptake
      of both [14C]putrescine and [14 C]spermidine. The in vitro uptake of
      [14C]putrescine by these cells was effectively inhibited by unlabeled spermine,
      spermidine, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,5
      diaminopentane, 1,4-diaminopentane, and 1,4-diaminobutane, but less effectively
      by 1,4-diamino-2,3-butene and 1,4-diamino-2,3-butyne. The diamines, 1,3
      diaminopropane and 1,2-diaminoethane, were ineffective in inhibiting
      [14C]putrescine uptake in vitro into the R3327 MAT-Lu cell line. When tumor
      bearing animals were pretreated with DFMO or with DFMO and 5-alpha
      dihydrotestosterone propionate, the tumor and prostate uptake of [14C]putrescine
      and [14C]-cadaverine was enhanced but not substantially increased in other
      tissues. In contrast to the in vitro results, spermidine and spermine were not
      enhanced substantially by DFMO pretreatment into any tissue, and their uptake
      into the tumor actually decreased. Ethylenediamine, which does not utilize the
      polyamine transport system, did not have its uptake increased into any tissue
      following DFMO pretreatment. The chemotherapeutic agent, methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone), which utilizes the polyamine transport system for uptake
      into cells, exhibited uptake behavior different from that of the polyamines.
      Thus, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) uptake into the tumor was not
      significantly increased or decreased by DFMO or by DFMO + 5-alpha
      dihydrotestosterone propionate pretreatment, and only the ventral, but not the
      dorsal-lateral, lobe of the prostate showed increased uptake of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) following DFMO + 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone propionate
      pretreatment.

PMID- 6420053
TI  - DNA repair synthesis following exposure to chemical mutagens in primary liver,
      stomach, and intestinal cells isolated from rainbow trout.
AB  - DNA repair synthesis was autoradiographically measured in liver, stomach, and
      intestinal cells isolated from rainbow trout which were exposed in vitro to the
      chemical mutagens, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 4-nitroquinoline 1
      oxide, and aflatoxin B1. The level of repair was greatest in primary hepatocytes
      which responded to all three mutagens. Only nominal amounts of repair were
      detected in stomach cells following N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 4
      nitroquinoline 1-oxide exposures and in intestinal cells following 4
      nitroquinoline 1-oxide exposure. In comparison with cultured rainbow trout cells,
      the quantity of DNA repair found in primary cells is significantly less.

PMID- 6420054
TI  - Specific lack of the hypermodified nucleoside, queuosine, in hepatoma
      mitochondrial aspartate transfer RNA and its possible biological significance.
AB  - Tumor nucleic acids have frequently been found to be deficient in methylated and
      other modified nucleotides. In particular, cytoplasmic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) from
      various neoplasms partially lack the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine, a
      modification specific for anticodons of histidine-, tyrosine-, asparagine-, and
      aspartic acid-accepting tRNAs. Using aspartate tRNA as an example, we show here
      that liver mitochondria contain tRNA fully modified with respect to queuosine,
      while the corresponding tRNA from mitochondria of Morris hepatoma 5123D
      completely lacks this constituent. The sequences of these tRNAs, which were
      determined by a highly sensitive 32P-postlabeling procedure entailing the direct
      identification of each position of the polynucleotide chains, were found to be
      (sequence in text) Lack of queuosine in the hepatoma mitochondrial tRNA may be
      due to the inavailability of queuine in the hepatoma mitochondria for
      incorporation into tRNA or to inhibition of the modifying enzyme, tRNA (guanine)
      transglycosylase, in the tumor. Taking into account results of others indicating
      a possible involvement of the queuosine modification in differentiation of
      eukaryotic cells, we hypothesize that the queuosine defect may develop at an
      early stage of carcinogenesis (i.e., during the promotion phase) and be directly
      involved in abnormalities of mitochondria which have been observed frequently in
      transformed cells and tumors.

PMID- 6420055
TI  - Detection of aflatoxin B1 in serum samples of male Japanese subjects by
      radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in serum samples of healthy Japanese males by
      radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. Blood samples were
      obtained from 20 subjects after fasting and from 80 subjects after lunch. The
      subjects ranged in age from 20 to 63 years of age. Measurement of AFB1 in the
      samples was performed by radioimmunoassay and was confirmed by high-performance
      liquid chromatography using a mu Porasil column and a C18-mu Bondapak column
      after the conversion of AFB1 to its water adduct AFB2a. AFB1 was detected in 5 of
      20 fasting blood samples [20 to 56 pg/ml of serum; 33.6 +/- 14.6 (S.D.)] and in
      29 of 80 serum samples taken after lunch (20 to 1169 pg/ml of serum; 218.1 +/-
      268.3). Mass spectral analysis of the material obtained after high-performance
      liquid chromatography separation from serum samples confirmed the presence of
      AFB1.

PMID- 6420056
TI  - Requirement for autologous cancer extracts and lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid
      for human T-cell responses in leukocyte adherence inhibition and transmembrane
      potential change assays.
AB  - Assays of leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) and transmembrane potential (delta
      psi) change were used to examine the responses of T-cells from control subjects
      and breast cancer patients when incubated with extracts of breast cancer and
      other tissues. Of T-cells from 25 patients with breast cancer, 21 exhibited delta
      psi changes or inhibition of adherence to glass when they were incubated with
      extracts of autologous but not allogeneic breast cancer; extracts of autologous
      normal breast tissue did not induce delta psi changes or LAI in T-cells from
      patients with breast cancer. Supernatants were collected after incubating 1 X
      10(7) T-cells from patients with breast cancer or from control subjects with
      extracts of the autologous cancer. When the supernatants were added to either
      peripheral blood leukocytes or mononuclear cells from normal donors, neither
      delta psi changes nor LAI were detected. To still determine whether the
      nonadherence was mediated by chemoattractant lymphokines, the effect of
      inhibiting T-cell arachidonic acid metabolism was examined. The lipoxygenase
      pathway antagonist, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, or a leukotriene antagonist,
      FPL 55712, inhibited T-cell LAI, but a cyclooxygenase pathway antagonist,
      indomethacin, did not. Moreover, authentic leukotriene B4 induced delta psi
      changes and LAI in T-cells. The results indicated that T-cells from patients with
      breast cancer recognized and bound a tumor-specific antigen in the autologous
      neoplastic breast tissue that transduced a transmembrane signal to trigger a
      series of biochemical changes, releasing lipoxygenase products of arachidonate.
      The lipoxygenase products, which may be important in the inflammatory response to
      cancer, induced a loss of T-cell adherence to glass.

PMID- 6420057
TI  - Alterations in cell-mediated immune functions induced in mouse splenic
      lymphocytes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - The effects of varying doses of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 3
      methylcholanthrene (MCA), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and benzo(e)pyrene (BeP), on cell
      mediated immune functions of in vivo mitogen-activated splenic lymphocytes were
      measured. Inbred mice (C57, C3H, and DBA) were given injections i.p. with
      phytohemagglutinin to activate splenic lymphocytes and were subsequently treated,
      via the same route, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Isolated and
      T-cell-enriched mononuclear cell populations were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity, blastogenesis, antigen-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity,
      and the percentage of macrophages. Under optimal conditions of phytohemagglutinin
      injection (1000 micrograms/20-g mouse) for 96 hr and MCA treatment (50 mg/kg of
      body weight) for 24 hr prior to sacrifice, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was
      induced 5-fold. Tumorigenic doses of MCA (10 to 50 mg/kg of body weight)
      suppressed blastogenesis 40 to 60% in C57 and C3H lymphocytes but had no effect
      on DBA splenic lymphocytes. BaP and BeP had little or no effect on blastogenesis.
      MCA and BaP were clearly separated from BeP in the suppression of cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity. MCA and BaP suppressed cell-mediated cytotoxicity 40 to 80% in T
      cells from all three strains, while BeP had no effect. MCA reduced the percentage
      of macrophages in a dose-dependent fashion compared to a stimulatory action by
      BaP and BeP. These results suggest that mitogen-activated and aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase-induced splenic lymphocytes metabolize MCA and BaP to immunocytotoxic
      metabolites. A suppression of monocyte-macrophage function would account for the
      inhibition of blastogenesis. These early alterations in cell-mediated immune
      functions produced by tumorigenic doses of MCA and BaP may result in defective
      immunosurveillance mechanisms and enhance the development of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon-induced tumors in responsive mice.

PMID- 6420058
TI  - Therapy for status epilepticus.
AB  - Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of status epilepticus (SE)
      have increased the urgency with which the study of this disorder should be
      approached. The clinical pharmacology of anticonvulsants useful in treating SE is
      reviewed and their application in several of the different types of SE is
      discussed. The potential for future advances is briefly considered.

PMID- 6420059
TI  - Anticarcinogenic effect of long-term oral administration of red ginseng on
      newborn mice exposed to various chemical carcinogens.
AB  - This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of ginseng in
      inhibition or prevention of carcinogenesis induced by various chemical
      carcinogens. Korean red ginseng was administered orally to the newborn mice. 9,
      10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), urethane, and aflatoxin B1 were injected
      in subscapular region of ICR mice within 24 hr after birth. Controls comprised
      three groups of ICR newborn mice: normal, (100) ginseng, (200), and vehicle
      (316). The six experimental groups of ICR newborn mice comprised DMBA (101), DMBA
      combined with ginseng (103), urethane (94), urethane combined with ginseng (92),
      aflatoxin B1 (50), and aflatoxin B1 combined with ginseng (47). The mice were
      autopsied immediately following sacrifice. All major organs were examined grossly
      and weighed. Histopathological examinations were also made. In the group
      sacrificed at 48 weeks after the treatment with DMBA (DMBA combined with ginseng
      extract), the average diameter of the largest lung adenomas decreased by 23%. The
      incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration decreased by 63%, and the average
      lung weight of male mice decreased by 21%. In the group sacrificed at 28 weeks
      after the treatment (urethane combined with ginseng), there was a 22% decrease (P
      less than 0.05) in the incidence of lung adenoma. In the group sacrificed at 56
      weeks after birth (aflatoxin B1 combined with ginseng), there were decreases in
      the incidence of lung adenoma (29%) and hepatoma (75%) (P less than 0.05). These
      findings indicate that the prolonged administration of Korean red ginseng extract
      inhibited the incidence and also the proliferation of tumors induced by DMBA,
      urethane, and aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6420060
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 for alleviating symptoms of ergot intoxication: a case report.
AB  - A woman was admitted after ergotamine tartrate overuse for migraine headaches and
      her symptoms of arterial vasospasm were treated with PGE1, the first reported use
      of the vasodilator for ergot intoxication. The advantages of producing local
      vasodilatation without systemic effect, as well as inhibiting the formation of
      arterial microthrombi, suggest PGE1 as the agent of choice for relief of symptoms
      due to peripheral vasoconstriction caused by ergot. Treatment with PGE1 may allow
      sufficient collateral to preserve limb function and integrity, while awaiting
      remission of anatomic changes after withdrawal of ergot.

PMID- 6420061
TI  - Effect of nitroglycerin on the electrical changes of early or subendocardial
      ischaemia evaluated by monophasic action potential recordings.
AB  - Intracavitary recording of monophasic action potentials (MAP) is a sensitive
      means of detecting the electrophysiological effects of early or subendocardial
      ischaemia. The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on the MAP was evaluated during
      pacing-induced angina in seven patients with localised, reversible ischaemia.
      Recordings from the ischaemic zone demonstrated a decrease in MAP amplitude and
      an abnormal rate-corrected shortening of MAP repolarisation. The "control" right
      ventricular MAP showed only the expected rate-dependent decrease in duration
      throughout the pacing stress test. The ischaemic MAP were unchanged following the
      intracoronary administration of NTG (100 micrograms). In contrast, intravenous
      NTG (200 to 300 micrograms) produced a normalisation of MAP amplitude and
      duration in spite of continuous pacing at the angina-provoking rate. These
      changes were preceded by a fall in aortic pressure (from mean 123/84 to 96/62)
      and subsequent lowering of the rate-pressure product. The major beneficial
      effects of NTG on the early electrical changes of pacing-induced ischaemia are
      thus related to decreased oxygen demand due to reduction in cardiac preload.

PMID- 6420062
TI  - Laminated figures of the intercisternal regions of dictyosome-like structures
      from guinea-pig spermatocytes fixed with glutaraldehyde-tannic acid.
AB  - Dictyosome-like structures (DLS) of guinea pig spermatocytes, when prefixed in
      mixtures of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid, exhibited laminated figures with a
      repeating periodicity of about 4.5 nm in the spaces between DLS saccules or in
      association with the surfaces of the DLS saccules. These laminated figures were
      similar to those figures derived from saturated lipids in other tissues.
      Alternatively, spaces between saccules were collapsed leaving only thin, electron
      dense material separating adjacent saccules. These changes were not observed when
      the DLS were prefixed in glutaraldehyde before exposure to tannic acid. The
      presence of laminated figures following fixation with tannic acid and osmium
      tetroxide suggests that saturated lipids are present in, or associated with, the
      intersaccular regions of the DLS. The distribution of laminated figures in other
      membrane structures was not affected by post fixation with tannic acid nor were
      laminated figures comparable to those of the DLS observed between cisternae of
      the Golgi apparatus. These results support previous conclusions that DLS are
      distinct from Golgi apparatus and are a unique component of the germ cell
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 6420063
TI  - Biogenic amines in the brain of the honeybee, Apis mellifera.
AB  - Fluorescence histochemistry with glyoxylic acid has been used in close
      conjunction with detailed anatomical studies (Mobbs 1982) to investigate the
      distribution of fluorogenic amines in the brain of the honeybee, Apis mellifera.
      In addition, the concentration and distribution of biogenic amines in the brain
      of the bee have been determined using highly sensitive radioenzymatic techniques
      and high performance liquid chromatography. The cerebral ganglia of the bee
      contain similar amounts of dopamine and serotonin, more dopamine than octopamine,
      and very low levels of noradrenaline. Slow fading green fluorescence, typical of
      catecholamines, was located throughout the cerebral ganglia, and was particularly
      intense in the central body and mushroom body neuropils. Results indicate that
      the fluorescence in the mushroom body neuropils is largely extrinsic in origin.
      Both dopamine and serotonin were detected in the calyces and alpha-lobe of the
      mushroom bodies, and in the antennal lobe. In the optic lobe, however, serotonin
      was found, but only low levels of dopamine were detected. Slow fading green
      fluorescence was replaced in the optic lobes by fluorescence which faded rapidly
      in the excitation light. The non-fluorogenic amine octopamine was found in the
      mushroom bodies and in the neuropils of the optic lobes, with the largest amounts
      of octopamine in the optic lobes associated with the neuropil of the medulla. The
      possibility that intrinsic neurones of the mushroom body neuropil are
      octopaminergic is discussed.

PMID- 6420064
TI  - Organization and function of structural elements in focal contacts of tissue
      culture cells.
AB  - The role of structural elements in the organization and maintenance of focal
      contacts was studied by microinjecting into tissue culture cells specific probes
      which interfere with filamentous actin or with vinculin: actin interaction.
      Injection of actin capping proteins from Physarum and brain resulted in breakdown
      of microfilament bundles starting at their distal ends and in loss of focal
      contacts. This process was fully reversible. Injection of a high affinity
      antibody against chicken gizzard vinculin led to partial breakdown of
      microfilament bundles con-concomitant with disruption of focal contacts with
      vinculin remaining at the plasma membrane. This process was irreversible.

PMID- 6420065
TI  - The dynamic interrelationships of actin and vinculin in cultured cells.
AB  - The dynamic state of cytoskeletal proteins actin and vinculin was studied in
      living cells using microinjection of fluorescently-labeled proteins combined with
      fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR). It is shown that both proteins
      maintain a dynamic equilibrium between their diffusible pools in the cytoplasms
      and their "organized" cytoskeletal fraction. These interrelationships could be
      simulated in model systems consisting of isolated substrate attached membranes.
      It was demonstrated that fluorophore bound vinculin was incorporated into the
      exposed focal contacts and that this binding was largely actin independent. These
      results are in line with the hypothesis that local contacts induce binding of
      vinculin to the endofacial surface of the membranes and that this region serves
      as a nucleation center for the assembly of actin bundles.

PMID- 6420066
TI  - Gamma actin, spectrin, and intermediate filament proteins colocalize with
      vinculin at costameres, myofibril-to-sarcolemma attachment sites.
AB  - Localization of vinculin at the sarcolemma of striated muscle fibers defines an
      orthogonal lattice. The costameres of the lattice are the riblike bands of
      vinculin that run perpendicular to the long axis of the fiber, repeat in register
      with I bands of the subjacent myofibrils, and seem to couple the myofibril to the
      sarcolemma [Pardo et al 1982, 1983a]. The colocalization studies presented in
      this paper show that gamma actin, spectrin, and intermediate filament antigens
      are additional components of this lattice of costameres. In addition, the results
      show that gamma actin and spectrin are also components of the internal network of
      collars, first visualized with antibody to desmin [Granger and Lazarides, 1978],
      that connects the myofibrils to each other at the level of the Z line.

PMID- 6420067
TI  - Correlation between distribution of cytoskeletal proteins and release of alkaline
      phosphatase-rich vesicles by epiphyseal chondrocytes in primary culture.
AB  - Matrix vesicles, extracellular microstructures known to be involved in
      endochondral calcification, are rich in alkaline phosphatase and have been shown
      to contain actin. The mechanism of matrix vesicle formation in chondrocytes is
      not well understood. Chondrocytes from the epiphyseal growth plate, when grown in
      primary culture, elaborate alkaline phosphatase-rich vesicles. We examined the
      distribution of the cytoskeletal proteins actin, myosin, tubulin, and vinculin at
      various time-points during culture using indirect immunofluorescent labeling.
      Concomitantly, the production of alkaline phosphatase-containing matrix vesicles
      was also followed. Cell morphology changed noticeably at two distinct stages
      during the 22-day culture period: Immediately after release from the growth plate
      the cells were rounded, but after 4 days of culture they began to spread out and
      acquire irregular shapes with distinct filopodia. By 13 days, as the cells
      attained confluency, they reacquired a rounded, polygonal appearance. At all time
      points, tubulin was seen as a dense network of microtubules radiating from the
      perinuclear region throughout the cytoplasm toward the cell periphery. Initially
      actin was seen in filamentous form, but displayed a punctate distribution focused
      at contact points during the cell-spreading stage of culture. After confluency,
      actin was concentrated at cell-cell junctions. Initially, vinculin was diffusely
      distributed, but became focused in multiple adhesion plaques and at the termini
      of filopodia during the cell-spreading stage of culture. Following confluency
      vinculin became concentrated at cell-cell junctions. Myosin was observed at all
      time-points in small, intensely localized focal points in the cytoplasmic region
      of the cells and was consistently absent from the nuclear and peripheral regions.
      The amount of myosin in the cells increased steadily with time in culture.
      Elaboration of alkaline phosphatase-rich vesicles, which corresponded closely
      with the rounded morphology of early and late stages of culture, may be
      correlated with contact inhibition.

PMID- 6420068
TI  - Calcium regulation of the actin-mediated cytoskeletal transformation of sea
      urchin coelomocytes.
AB  - Coelomocytes from several echinoderm species undergo an actin-mediated
      cytoskeletal transformation once subjected to hypotonic shock. In this study,
      coelomocytes from the sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata
      were induced to "transform" by treatment with greater than 5 microM of the
      calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of external Ca++. The dependence of
      ionophore transformation on external Ca++ and the lack of chlorotetracycline
      staining indicates that these cells rely on external Ca++ sources. NBD
      phallacidin (7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin) staining of lysolecithin
      permeabilized cells and whole-mount transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show
      that similar reorganizations of the actin cytoskeleton take place during
      hypotonic shock and ionophore transformation, although actin filament bundling is
      less apparent in A23187-treated cells. As has been shown with hypotonic shock
      transformation, the ionophore elicited shape change is inhibited by
      anticalmodulin drugs. Greater than 10 microM concentrations of W 13 inhibit
      filopod formation, while this drug's less active structural analogue, W 12,
      exhibits no effects. W 13 also appears to disrupt actin filament-membrane
      associations in the cells. Fluorescent localization of calmodulin using a
      photooxidized derivative of trifluoperazine indicates a general cytoplasmic
      distribution with some concentration in filopod core bundles. Coelomocyte
      transformation may be an example of a cellular shape change regulated by Ca++
      through the action of calmodulin modulation of actin-membrane interactions.

PMID- 6420069
TI  - The conserved nucleotide sequences of Bkm, which define Sxr in the mouse, are
      transcribed.
AB  - We have recovered a conserved transcribed component of the snake W chromosome
      satellite DNA (Bkm) from Drosophila and male mouse libraries. This consists of
      repeats of the tetranucleotide GATA that are concentrated in the sex-determining
      region of the Y chromosome of mouse, on the W chromosome of snakes, and in the
      proximal region of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster, and it appears to be
      transcribed in a sex-specific and developmentally regulated manner. Sequencing
      studies show that, unlike most other transcribed repeats, the GATA repeats
      potentially contain open reading frames. These encode mainly the amino acids
      leucine, serine, isoleucine, and tyrosine but with occasional variant codons that
      differ in different clonal isolates. Transcription is exclusive to the GATA
      strand in different tissues of the same organism and in different unrelated
      organisms. The complementary strand CTAT contains stop codons in all reading
      frames. The possible developmental significance of these sequences is discussed.

PMID- 6420070
TI  - A nonpolymorphic class I gene in the murine major histocompatibility complex.
AB  - DNA sequence analysis of a class I gene (Q10), which maps to the Qa2,3 locus in
      the C57BL/10 (H-2b haplotype) mouse, reveals that it is almost identical to a
      cDNA clone (pH16) isolated from a SWR/J (H-2q haplotype) mouse liver cDNA
      library. Exon 5, in particular, has an unusual structure such that a polypeptide
      product is unlikely to be anchored in the cell membrane. Our findings suggest
      that the two sequences are derived from allelic class I genes, which are
      nonpolymorphic, in contrast to H-2K allelic sequences from the same mice, and
      they may encode liver-specific polypeptides of unknown function. Our previous
      studies indicate that the Q10 gene is a potential donor gene for the generation
      of mutations at the H-2K locus by inter-gene transfer of genetic information.
      Thus the lack of polymorphism in class I genes at the Q10 locus implies either
      that they are not recipients for such exchanges or that selective pressure
      prevents the accumulation of mutations in genes at this locus.

PMID- 6420071
TI  - Neuronal development in the Drosophila retina: monoclonal antibodies as molecular
      probes.
AB  - The compound eye of D. melanogaster is a reiterative pattern of facets, each
      containing eight photoreceptor cells in a precise arrangement. This pattern is
      established in the eye imaginal disc during the third larval instar. A wave of
      morphogenesis sweeps from posterior to anterior across the disc, leaving in its
      wake organized clusters of photoreceptor cells. We have used monoclonal
      antibodies to highlight pattern elements that are not readily observable by other
      techniques. Monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify the molecules
      associated with particular patterns, providing links between observable
      structures and the genes. As an example, we present the purification and N
      terminal sequence of a glycoprotein antigen specific to photoreceptor cells and
      their axons.

PMID- 6420072
TI  - Biosynthesis of the IgA antibody receptor: a model for the transepithelial
      sorting of a membrane glycoprotein.
AB  - Secretory IgA dimer antibodies in exosecretions provide the primary immunological
      defense for mucosal surfaces. Transmission of IgA2 across the epithelia of mucous
      and exocrine glands is mediated by a receptor called secretory component (SC).
      Using three antibodies directed against different domains of SC, we examine its
      processing in the lactating rabbit mammary gland. SC is synthesized as a core
      glycosylated transmembrane glycoprotein on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Pulse
      chase experiments reveal the time course of SC maturation in the Golgi, as
      demonstrated by the acquisition of Endo H resistance (30-60 min). The subsequent
      routing of SC to the basolateral plasma membrane, where IgA2 binding and
      endocytosis occurs, the cleavage of the membrane anchoring domain of SC, and the
      exocytosis from the apical plasma membrane of IgA, bound to the ectoplasmic
      domain of SC takes place rapidly (30-60 min). Thus maturation in the Golgi may
      represent the rate limiting step in SC routing. We also demonstrate that SC
      exists in several conformational states that are processed at different rates.

PMID- 6420073
TI  - The redistribution of a conserved nuclear envelope protein during the cell cycle
      suggests a pathway for chromosome condensation.
AB  - We describe a human autoantiserum that recognizes specific determinants present
      both on the nuclear envelope of interphase cells and the periphery of metaphase
      chromosomes. These determinants are highly conserved through evolution and
      present on a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 33,000. This 33 kd
      protein, which we call "perichromin," appears to be directly or indirectly bound
      to both interphase and metaphase DNA. Studies of the transformation of
      perichromin from a nuclear envelope association to a perichromosomal position
      during prophase suggests a pathway for chromosome organization throughout the
      cell cycle.

PMID- 6420074
TI  - Glycosylation and processing of prepro-alpha-factor through the yeast secretory
      pathway.
AB  - Events in the synthesis and processing of prepro-alpha-factor have been assessed
      with the aid of mutants blocked at various stages in the yeast secretory pathway.
      In normal cells treated with tunicamycin, a precursor accumulates which is
      identical in molecular weight to the primary translation product synthesized in
      vitro. At the restrictive temperature in a mutant blocked early in the pathway
      (sec53), a molecule of similar molecular weight accumulates. In mutants affecting
      translocation into (sec59) and passage from (sec 18) the endoplasmic reticulum, a
      glycosylated form of the precursor containing three N-linked core
      oligosaccharides accumulates; however, it appears that the signal peptide is not
      removed. The glycosylated precursor first experiences proteolytic processing when
      accumulated in a mutant (sec7) blocked at the stage of the Golgi apparatus.
      Substantially greater amounts of the mature pheromone are seen in mutants that
      accumulate secretory vesicles (sec1, sec2, sec3, sec5).

PMID- 6420075
TI  - Chromatin structure of hsp 70 genes, activated by heat shock: selective removal
      of histones from the coding region and their absence from the 5' region.
AB  - The presence of histones in hsp 70 genes was studied by "protein-image"
      hybridization technique after crosslinking histones to DNA. With increasing
      transcription of the genes, the coding region was demonstrated to be depleted
      first of H1 and then of all histones. This probably accounts for unraveling the
      25 nm silent chromatin fiber to moderately and actively transcribed 10 nm fiber
      and linearized DNA. No histones were found in the 5'-terminal DNAase I
      hypersensitive region, which may be a prerequisite to gene activation. The
      absence of histones on DNA correlates well with the high nuclease sensitivity and
      disappearance of the regular pattern in micrococcal nuclease digests of
      chromatin.

PMID- 6420076
TI  - The cytostatic effect of the cytoplasm of mature, non-activated and cleaving eggs
      of Rana temporaria, Acipenser stellatus and Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Corroborated here is the fact, earlier established by Chulitskaya and Felgengauer
      (1977), that the cytoplasm of mature non-activated eggs of Rana temporaria and
      Acipenser stellatus, unlike that of Rana pipiens, exerts no cytostatic effect on
      the nuclei of the cleaving embryo, but acquires such a capacity after being
      treated with EGTA. EGTA treatment imparts cytostatic properties also to the
      cytoplasm of cleaving embryos. Revealed is the dependence of the cytostatic
      effect and death of injected embryos on the dose of EGTA introduced into the egg.
      No mitotic figures have been detected in embryos with a cytostatic effect. Upon
      reciprocal transplantation of the cytoplasm between Rana temporaria and Xenopus
      laevis, only the latter's cytoplasm possessed a cytostatic effect, while the
      arrest at a metaphase was found only in a few arrested blastomeres.

PMID- 6420077
TI  - Immunoregulation in experimental Schistosomiasis. III. Role of macrophages in
      soluble egg antigen-induced chronic spleen cell augmentation of baseline
      lymphocyte reactivity.
AB  - Spleen cells from mice infected for 20 weeks with Schistosoma mansoni, exposed in
      vitro to soluble schistosomal egg antigens (SEA), treated with mitomycin C (Mc),
      and cocultured with syngeneic responder spleen cells increased the baseline
      proliferation of the otherwise unstimulated responder cells in cocultures. The
      role of macrophages in this "spontaneous" thymidine incorporation was studied
      directly by removal of macrophages on Sephadex G-10 columns. Removal of esterase
      positive, Sephadex G-10-adherent cells (macrophages) greatly reduced the amount
      of SEA-induced, chronically infected spleen cell-mediated stimulation observed in
      cocultures. It also reduced an elevated background of spontaneous DNA synthesis
      seen with control cultures of spleen cells from infected animals. Depletion of T
      lymphocytes from chronic spleen cell populations by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2
      serum and complement prior to exposure to SEA partially abrogated the
      augmentation effect. Comparison of these results with mitogen (concanavalin A)
      induced spleen cell-mediated stimulation (which is elevated, rather than reduced,
      by macrophage removal) and with known alterations in splenic T- and B-lymphocyte
      ratios in chronic murine schistosomiasis suggests that antigen-stimulated,
      chronically infected splenic macrophage-dependent baseline augmentation may
      depend on specific T-lymphocyte-derived lymphokine induction. These results may
      reflect a general mechanism whereby animals harboring a persistent, chronic
      infection can respond quickly to a second or challenge infection or a flareup of
      the primary infection.

PMID- 6420078
TI  - Antibody-dependent cytolysis (ADCC) of tumor cells by activated murine
      macrophages is a two-step process: quantification of target binding and
      subsequent target lysis.
AB  - To analyze the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction
      between tumor cells and activated murine macrophages in detail, it must be first
      determined if physical binding occurred between the two cell types. Over 15-20
      min in vitro, antibody-coated HSB neoplastic targets became so firmly attached to
      the activated macrophages that they resisted removal with 4 vigorous washes. When
      a quantitative assay of binding was employed, attachment of tumor cells to
      activated macrophages was found to depend on the concentration of antibody and on
      the density of the macrophages. These two variables also determined the
      subsequent extent of cytolysis. Binding of antibody-coated targets by macrophages
      elicited with thioglycollate broth or activated by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
      was comparable. Lysis by the activated macrophages, however, was far greater.
      Binding occurred at 4, 22, or 37 degrees C, while the subsequent lytic reaction
      occurred only at 37 degrees C. Thioglycollate broth effectively inhibited lysis
      but had no effect on binding. A porous filter placed between activated
      macrophages and targets resulted in abrogation of binding and lysis, even when
      antibody-coated targets were placed beneath the filters. When labeled, uncoated
      targets were added to cultures of macrophages in the presence of unlabeled
      antibody-coated targets, no lysis of the bystander (i.e., uncoated) targets was
      seen. The data suggest that ADCC is a multistep reaction, that vigorous physical
      binding of antibody-coated targets by activated macrophages is an initial and
      necessary step in ADCC, that such binding is not sufficient for ADCC, that such
      binding controls the selectivity of lysis in ADCC, and that the second step in
      ADCC results in target lysis.

PMID- 6420079
TI  - Mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the single-cell level. VII. Trigger of
      the lethal hit event is distinct for NK/K and LDCC effector cells as measured in
      the two-target conjugate assay.
AB  - Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) express several in vitro
      cytotoxic functions, among which are natural killer (NK), antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC).
      The relationship of these various cytotoxic functions and the identity of cells
      involved has been a subject of controversy. Recently it was reported that NK and
      K for ADCC can be mediated by the same cell, suggesting that they constitute in
      large part a single subpopulation with multiple cytotoxic functions. The ability
      of this NK/K effector cell to mediate LDCC was examined here using the two target
      conjugate assay. The effector cells were Ficoll-Hypaque PBL or LGL-enriched
      fractions. The targets used were K562 or MOLT for NK, RAJI coated with antibody
      for ADCC, and RAJI coated with PHA or Con A or modified by NaIO4 for LDCC. In the
      two-target conjugate assay, one of the targets is fluorescein labeled for
      identification. The results show that (a) LDCC copurifies with NK/K and is
      enriched in the LGL fraction, as measured in both the 51Cr-release assay and the
      single-cell assay for cytotoxicity; (b) single effector cells simultaneously bind
      to NK or ADCC and LDCC targets, revealing that single cells bear binding
      receptors for all targets; and (c) single lymphocytes were not able to kill both
      bound NK/K and LDCC targets. However, significant two-target killing was obtained
      when both targets were NK targets, ADCC targets, LDCC targets, or one NK and one
      ADCC target. These results demonstrate that the NK and LDCC effector cells are
      distinct subpopulations copurified in the LGL fraction. In addition, the results
      show that lectin is unable to trigger globally an NK effector cell to mediate
      cytotoxicity against a bound NK insensitive target. Thus, although both NK and
      LDCC effector cells are present in the LGL fraction and can bind to both types of
      targets, the trigger of the lethal hit event is the function of specialized
      effector cells.

PMID- 6420080
TI  - Allotype suppression in the chicken. V. Abnormal isotype ratios of chronically
      suppressed IgM and IgG allotypes.
AB  - Chronic allotype suppression was generated in M-1 (C mu), G-1 (C gamma)
      heterozygous B14 line chickens either by embryonal injection or by maternal
      transfer of anti-M-1b allotype antibodies. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay to
      detect the suppressed IgM-1b, a striking disparity was observed between the
      degree of suppression of the IgM-1b allotype and that of the genetically linked
      IgG-1i allotype. The amount of suppressed IgM-1b ranged between 0.2 and 3% of
      total serum IgM in chronically suppressed birds. The levels of the genetically
      linked IgG-1i, however, comprised 5 to 25% of total serum IgG in such birds. The
      allotypes measured in suppressed chickens were qualitatively identical to those
      in normal, nonsuppressed birds by serological criteria. These results are
      discussed within the context of isotype regulation in the chicken.

PMID- 6420081
TI  - Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection on delayed footpad reaction to
      Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - The role of peritoneal macrophages induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in
      the induction of immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in mice.
      The peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with BCG 14 days previously
      contained a high proportion of Ia-bearing macrophages (approximately 56%) and the
      cells showed not only a high level of listericidal activity but also a strong
      ability for presentation of listerial antigen to Listeria-immune T cells. An
      intraperitoneal inoculation with a low dose of Listeria, which can induce the
      maximal level of delayed footpad reaction (DFR) and positive migration inhibitory
      activity of macrophages in untreated mice, did not induce a detectable level of
      such responses in BCG-treated mice. The bacterial growth at an early stage of
      infection was suppressed by scavenger macrophages in these mice. On the other
      hand, BCG-treated mice showed the early development of DFR and macrophage
      migration inhibitory activity after an inoculation with a high dose of Listeria.
      It is revealed in transfer experiments that Listeria-pulsed peritoneal exudate
      cells induced by BCG elicited the highest level of DFR and positive migration
      inhibition of macrophages in normal mice at the earlier period of injection
      compared with Listeria-pulsed resident peritoneal cells. These results suggested
      that the increased activities of macrophages acting as scavenger cells and as
      antigen-presenting cells play important roles in the modification of immune
      responses to Listeria in BCG-treated mice.

PMID- 6420082
TI  - The stage specific inhibition of Dictyostelium discoideum spore germination by
      the mutagen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.
AB  - The drug 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) is a potent inhibitor of Dictyostelium
      discoideum spore germination. This inexpensive, water soluble drug is active at a
      concentration of 5 micrograms/ml (26 microM) and permeates the spore at all
      stages in germination. Spores subjected to 4NQO treatment exhibit an irreversible
      blockage of myxamoebae emergence, but spore activation, post-activation lag, and
      swelling are not affected. Swollen 4NQO-treated spores lose the outer two spore
      walls but lack the ability to degrade the innermost wall. The drug does not
      affect oxygen uptake during post-activation lag or swelling, and only a stage
      specific depression in O2 uptake is observed when control spores begin to release
      myxamoebae. When added early in germination, 4NQO blocks the incorporation of
      [3H] uracil into a cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble fraction by 98%.
      However, when the drug is added midway through germination and followed by a
      pulse labelling period of 1 h, only 65% inhibition of RNA synthesis is observed.
      This lack of complete inhibition may occur because the drug requires metabolic
      activation; thus, new rounds of RNA synthesis may have initiated before the drug
      became fully activated. 4NQO also blocks the de novo expression of beta
      glucosidase activity when added early in germination. Additionally, we observe
      that vegetative cellular slime mold cells are 100 times more resistant than
      spores to 4NQO-induced damage. Taken together, our results support the
      observation that RNA synthesis is only required for the emergence stage of
      germination and that dormant D. discoideum spores may lack efficient excision
      repair mechanisms.

PMID- 6420083
TI  - Increase in collateral blood flow following repeated coronary artery occlusion
      and nitroglycerin administration.
AB  - The effects of occlusion, reperfusion, reocclusion (n = 13), and nitroglycerin (n
      = 10) on regional transmural myocardial collateral blood flow was tested in
      conscious dogs in which collateral development was stimulated by partial stenosis
      of the left circumflex coronary artery. Hemodynamics and collateral blood flow
      were measured during the awake state using 9-micron radioactive microspheres.
      Regional transmural flow was measured during transient occlusion of the
      circumflex artery at 7 and at 14 days postoperatively. On the 14th postoperative
      day, two sets of circumflex occlusions and blood flow measurements were carried
      out. The first set consisted of two occlusions separated by 15 minutes. The
      second set performed 2 hours later included two occlusions, separated by 15
      minutes, and nitroglycerin administration. Mean collateral blood flow increased
      significantly (P = 0.002) from 0.10 +/- 0.07 ml/min per g on day 7 to 0.25 +/-
      0.18 ml/min per g on day 14. A significant increase in mean collateral blood flow
      from occlusion one to two was observed (0.28 +/- 0.17 to 0.37 +/- 0.22 ml/min per
      g, P = 0.005). Mean collateral flow increased significantly (P = 0.01) between
      pre- to post-nitroglycerin occlusions, 0.28 +/- 0.20 to 0.46 +/- 0.32 ml/min per
      g. Although this increase appeared to be greater than during the first set of
      occlusions, it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). These data
      indicate that when immature collaterals are present, occlusions, reperfusion, and
      reocclusions of a major coronary artery produce augmentation in collateral flow.
      This must be considered in evaluating interventions which may alter collateral
      flow.

PMID- 6420084
TI  - Rapid turbidimetric determination of serum C3c and C4 by end point centrifugal
      analysis.
AB  - An end point turbidimetric method for the determination of C3c and C4 in serum
      using a centrifugal analyzer (Cobas Bio) is described. Several analytical factors
      were evaluated -pH, temperature, PEG and antibody concentration. Wide variations
      of temperature and pH did not significantly affect the turbidimetric reaction. A
      20 g/L PEG concentration and 25-fold antiserum dilution were found satisfactory
      for the analysis. Precision of the assay was good and comparison with a RID
      method yielded an r value of 0.97. The procedure is simple and reliable.

PMID- 6420085
TI  - Automated turbidimetric assay of serum apolipoprotein A1 using the COBAS-BIO
      centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - An automated turbidimetric procedure for determining serum concentrations of
      apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) is described. This procedure allows for rapid, precise
      and inexpensive assay of apo A1 in large numbers of serum samples.

PMID- 6420086
TI  - The influence of anticonvulsants on fasting plasma ammonia and amino acid levels.
AB  - We examined fasting levels of plasma ammonia, glutamine, glycine, and ornithine
      in patients taking three anticonvulsants - phenobarbital, carbamazepine and
      valproic acid. Contrary to previous reports no striking abnormalities were seen.

PMID- 6420087
TI  - Normal reference interval for thyrotropin response to thyroliberin: dependence on
      age, sex, free thyroxin index, and basal concentrations of thyrotropin.
AB  - We measured the thyrotropin response (delta TSH) to 200 micrograms of
      thyroliberin in 131 subjects without thyroid dysfunction or other disease and
      with basal values for thyroid function that were within the normal reference
      intervals for our laboratory. By univariate and multivariate statistical methods
      we found delta TSH to be significantly influenced by the basal concentration of
      thyrotropin (TSH0) and the free thyroxin index (FT4I). When the effects of
      variations in TSH0 and FT4I were eliminated, delta TSH in men under 40 years of
      age did not differ from that in women. A decrease in delta TSH with increasing
      age was found in men but not in women. Thus a reference interval for delta TSH
      should consider TSH0, FT4I, and, in men, age. On the basis of multiple linear
      regression analysis, we constructed a formula for delta TSH reference intervals
      that takes into account individual values for TSH0 and FT4I. The formula should
      be applicable for women, regardless of age, up to 77 years and for men under 40
      years. For older men a correction for the age-related decrease in delta TSH must
      be applied.

PMID- 6420088
TI  - Performance characteristics and diagnostic value (vs other tests) of two
      radioimmunoassay kits for estimating free triiodothyronine in serum.
AB  - We compared the clinical value of "Amerlex" (Amersham International) and "Pre
      release Coat-A-Count" (Diagnostic Products Corp.) radioimmunoassay kits for free
      triiodothyronine with that of triiodothyronine, triiodothyronine/thyroxin-binding
      globulin ratio, and free triiodothyronine index in patients with thyroid disease,
      pregnant women, oral contraceptive users, thyroxin-binding globulin-deficient
      subjects, and patients receiving phenytoin. Assay of free triiodothyronine in
      hyperthyroidism provided diagnostic information similar to that from the indirect
      indices, whereas the free triiodothyronine index was the most sensitive index of
      hypothyroidism. With respect to diagnostic value, free triiodothyronine assay was
      comparable with the free triiodothyronine index and superior to triiodothyronine
      assay and the triiodothyronine/thyroxin-binding globulin ratio in correcting for
      alterations in thyroid-hormone binding capacity. In neither kit for free
      triiodothyronine was the equilibrium between bound and free hormone significantly
      disturbed during assay. Overall, as a diagnostic index of thyroid status, free
      triiodothyronine is as good as the free triiodothyronine index and better than
      either triiodothyronine or the triiodothyronine/thyroxin-binding globulin ratio.

PMID- 6420089
TI  - Immunonephelometry of apolipoprotein A-II in plasma.
AB  - A quantitative assay based on endpoint immunonephelometry was developed for human
      apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) in plasma or serum. Dilution of plasma samples with
      a 0.1 mol/L solution of sodium cholate enhanced the quantification. We used
      either purified apoA-II as the primary standard or plasma as a secondary
      standard. Results correlated well (r = 0.90) with those by a double-antibody
      radioimmunoassay for 63 serum samples from both normal and hyperlipemic
      individuals. The interassay coefficient of variation for the immunonephelometric
      assay was 7% within a working range between 0.05 and 0.7 microgram of apoA-II per
      sample (corresponding to a 1500-fold final dilution of serum). No extraction of
      samples with organic solvent is necessary if the triglyceride concentration is
      less than 4 g/L.

PMID- 6420090
TI  - Renal handling of pancreatic lipase.

PMID- 6420091
TI  - Fluorometric measurement of serum magnesium with a centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - We developed a rapid fluorometric assay for measurement of serum magnesium using
      the ligand, 8-hydroxy-quinoline-5-sulfonate and adapted the procedure to the
      Multistat Fluorescence Light Scattering Centrifugal Analyzer. The standard curve
      extends from 0.26 to 4.11 mmol/l. There was no interference from calcium or
      inorganic phosphorus at concentrations of 4.95 and 5.0 mmol/l, lead, iron, zinc
      or copper at twice the normal levels found in serum, bilirubin at concentrations
      of 10 mg/dl, or lipemic samples with triglyceride concentrations of 2400 mg/dl.
      Citrate and EDTA lowered magnesium concentrations in serum. Analytical recovery
      of magnesium added to four serum specimens averaged 97%. Between-run and within
      run precision of the assay gave CVs which ranged from 2.9 to 7.6%. Magnesium
      concentrations, measured by our fluorometric procedure, were compared with those
      obtained by atomic absorption and colorimetric procedures. Correlation
      coefficients of 0.91 and 0.88 were obtained.

PMID- 6420092
TI  - Immunochemical detection of human denatured hemoglobin in occult blood.

PMID- 6420093
TI  - Measurement of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine in thyrotoxicosis and
      hypothyroidism.
AB  - Free T4 and free T3 concentrations in thyrotoxic and hypothyroid patients at
      presentation differentiated those with thyroid disease from euthyroid control
      subjects and were closely correlated with T4/TBG ratio. A further group of
      thyrotoxic patients was followed serially during treatment with carbimazole.
      Measurements of free T4 and free T3 against closely reflected thyroid status with
      changes in the hormone measurements being paralleled by changes in T4/TBG ratio.

PMID- 6420094
TI  - Serum triiodothyronine and hyperthyroidism in a population sample of women.
AB  - The serum T3 assay has been regarded as the most sensitive single test for
      hyperthyroidism although impaired conversion of T4 to T3 in non-thyroidal illness
      (NTI) might decrease its diagnostic sensitivity. The present report gives
      experience from the T3 assay in middle-aged females under conditions similar to
      those in a general health survey. The assays were performed during two periods
      with an interval of six years. In 1974-75 we studied a representative sample (n =
      1283) of women of ages 44, 52, 56, 60 and 66 years in Goteborg, Sweden.
      Individuals with serum T3 concentration greater than mean + 2.5 SD were selected
      for a follow-up study (n = 21). Of 16 individuals with no previous thyroid
      disease and no present treatment with thyroid hormones or oestrogens, 14 were
      subjected to a TRH-stimulation test giving a normal TSH response in 10 cases
      having T3 concentrations up to mean + 3.5 SD. Four women with serum T3
      concentration greater than or equal to mean + 3.5 SD had previously unrecognized
      autonomous function thyroid function, of whom two developed hyperthyroidism after
      two years. The original population sample was reinvestigated after six years in
      1980-81 (n = 1138) together with an additional sample of women giving a total
      sample of 1422 women of ages 26, 38, 50, 58, 62, 66 and 72 years. Of the females
      studied in 1974-75 eight had developed hyperthyroidism between the two studies;
      three of these had raised serum T3 at the investigation in 1974-75. No case of
      hyperthyroidism had been missed by the T3 assay in the 1974-75 study. Of
      individuals with serum T3 greater than or equal to mean + 2.5 SD selected for a
      follow-up (n = 29) at least five were found to have previously unrecognized
      thyroid autonomy. We found a raised serum T3 to be associated with hyperthyroid
      (n = 2) and euthyroid Graves' disease, autonomously functioning thyroid
      adenoma(s), possible painless subacute thyroiditis, possible thyrotoxicosis
      factitia, diminished thyroid reserve and thyroid substitution therapy.

PMID- 6420095
TI  - Dopaminergic control of gonadotrophin secretion in normal women and in patients
      with pathological hyperprolactinaemia.
AB  - The role of dopaminergic mechanisms in the control of gonadotrophin secretion in
      normal and hyperprolactinaemic subjects is controversial. Whilst bromocriptine, a
      potent dopamine agonist, has been used to restore normal gonadotrophin secretion
      in subjects with pathological hyperprolactinaemia (PHP), dopamine and dopamine
      agonists have been reported to suppress basal and stimulated gonadotrophin
      release. We therefore investigated the importance of dopaminergic control of
      gonadotrophin secretion by studying LH, FSH and PRL responses in normal and PHP
      subjects to central dopamine synthesis inhibition using monoiodotyrosine (MIT)
      and to a 4 h dopamine infusion designed to elevate peripheral plasma dopamine
      concentration to levels reported for pituitary portal plasma (1-6 ng/ml). MIT
      administration resulted in a significant release of PRL (peak increment 520 +/-
      84% above basal) but not of LH or FSH in normal subjects. In PHP subjects there
      was a blunted PRL response (peak 13.3 +/- 3.5%) to MIT administration and
      significant LH (P less than 0.05) but not FSH release. Dopamine infusion (0.5
      microgram/kg/min) resulted in suppression of PRL (min 19 +/- 3% of basal) but not
      of LH or FSH. A rebound of PRL (peak 188 +/- 68% of basal) but not LH or FSH
      occurred on cessation of dopamine. There was an apparent rise in LH (P less than
      0.02 vs. normals) but not FSH in PHP patients during dopamine infusion. Plateau
      dopamine levels achieved during the infusion were 2.9 +/- 0.3 ng/ml and 5.9 +/-
      0.8 ng/ml in normal and PHP subjects respectively. The responses to MIT show that
      dopamine functions as an inhibitor of PRL but not of LH or FSH in normal
      subjects. In PHP patients the responses suggest increased dopaminergic inhibition
      of LH release but loss of inhibitory control of PRL release. Physiological
      concentrations of plasma dopamine do not significantly inhibit LH or FSH release
      in normal subjects but paradoxically results in an apparent release of LH in PHP
      patients. We conclude that dopamine mechanisms do not play a significant role in
      modulating gonadotrophin release in normal subjects. In PHP patients, PRL
      feedback results in increased hypothalamic dopamine activity which in turn
      inhibits LH release. We conclude that the inhibitory action of dopamine on PRL
      release restores LH secretion by removing central dopaminergic inhibition through
      hypothalamic feedback of PRL.

PMID- 6420096
TI  - Cycle initiation in amenorrhoea; the effect of progesterone and oestrogen
      administration on the pulsatile release of gonadotrophins.
AB  - The modulation of pulsatile gonadotrophin release by endogenous ovarian steroids
      during the normal menstrual cycle may be involved in the initiation of the
      following menstrual cycle. The absence of this cyclical variation may, in some
      cases, be the cause of, or contribute to the cause of, amenorrhoea. To assess
      this the modulatory effect of gonadal steroid administration on the pulsatile
      release of gonadotrophins was studied in fourteen amenorrhoeic and four
      oligomenorrhoeic women. Pulsatility was assessed by samples collected at 10 min
      intervals during a 4 h morning period before and after treatment with either
      progesterone or micronized oestradiol or a sequential combination of both. Ten
      patients with intact positive oestrogen-gonadotrophin feedback responded to
      progesterone treatment by both a significant reduction in LH pulse frequency,
      from a mean of 4.1 to a mean of 2.1 pulses within the 4 h study period and an
      increase in pulse amplitude. Progesterone therapy did not affect mean LH
      concentrations but there was a significant reduction in mean FSH concentrations.
      In the eight patients with absence of positive feedback, none of the treatment
      regimes elicited significant changes in LH release. No definable FSH pulses were
      detected before or after treatment in either group. Both the changes in LH and
      FSH concentrations and their release observed in this study, support the concept
      that cycle initiation may be related to a reduced pituitary exposure to LHRH
      associated with elevated progesterone concentration in the luteal phase of the
      cycle. This selectively induces FSH synthesis and storage. Release of this stored
      FSH may occur as a result of failure of the corpus luteum and falling
      progesterone concentrations.

PMID- 6420097
TI  - Fatal squamous cell carcinoma following whole body electron beam therapy and
      photochemotherapy for mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 6420098
TI  - Resistance and susceptibility to infection in inbred murine strains. III. Effect
      of thymosin on cellular immune responses of alloxan diabetic mice.
AB  - Three parameters of cell-mediated immunity, namely, (a) resistance to infection
      with Candida albicans, (b) in vivo release of migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
      into the circulation and (c) delayed hypersensitivity were markedly reduced when
      mice of such normally resistant high responder strains as C57B1/10SNJ and
      C57B1/KsJ became hyperglycaemic after treatment with alloxan. When the alloxan
      diabetic mice were inoculated daily intraperitoneally with thymosin fraction 5,
      beginning 3 days before infection, resistance to infection was greatly enhanced.
      When the mice were administered 5 micrograms thymosin fraction 5 for 3 days
      before sensitization and for 3 days before challenge, the amount of MIF released
      in vivo into the circulation after the antigenic challenge was much greater. When
      the mice were treated daily with 5 micrograms thymosin fraction 5, beginning on
      the day of sensitization, the capacity to develop delayed footpad reactions was
      increased. Thus, the treatment of alloxan diabetic mice with thymosin fraction 5
      enhanced the three parameters of cell-mediated immunity that were under
      investigation.

PMID- 6420099
TI  - Laser management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 6420100
TI  - Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is initiated by an unknown antigen(s) in the
      genetically programmed host. HLA-DR4 is associated with RA. The antigen could be
      exogenous (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, bacterial cell wall products) or endogenous
      (e.g., collagen or immunoglobulin). Within the synovium, where the immune
      response begins, monocytes and lymphocytes are activated. Polyclonal B-cell
      proliferation results, as well as production of monokines and lymphokines. The
      antibodies form immune complexes with other antibody molecules or antigens.
      Phagocytosis of immune complexes results in production of many autacoids and
      activation of other soluble mediator systems, e.g., the coagulation, kinin,
      complement, and fibrinolytic systems in synovial fluid. Chemotactic factors draw
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the joint space. Monokines stimulate synovial
      cell proliferation; these cells, in turn, synthesize proteinases and products of
      arachidonate metabolism capable of destroying normal articular structures.

PMID- 6420101
TI  - Histologic evidence of intrinsic flexor tendon repair in various experimental
      animals. An in vitro study.
AB  - Rabbit, dog, chicken, and monkey flexor tendon explants were cultivated in a cell
      free medium for six weeks. Flexor tendons have the intrinsic capacity to
      participate in the repair process. "Capping" of the lacerated end of the tendon
      occurred by proliferation and migration of cells, from either the epitenon or
      endotenon cell layer.

PMID- 6420102
TI  - [Respiratory failure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--serial blood gas
      analysis].

PMID- 6420103
TI  - [Case of adult-onset type III glycogenosis].

PMID- 6420104
TI  - Purpura in occult pneumococcal bacteremia.
AB  - An unusual case of occult pneumococcal bacteremia is reported. A 4-month-old
      female presented with ascending purpura on the lower extremities as the only
      abnormal physical finding. All initial laboratory studies were normal; however,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6 was cultured from her blood within 18 hours
      and subsequently from the nasopharynx. This is the first reported case in humans
      of occult pneumococcal bacteremia presenting with the primary clinical finding of
      purpura. This entity has a well defined animal model in mice.

PMID- 6420105
TI  - Ethmoiditis, conjunctivitis, and orbital cellulitis due to enterococcus
      infection.

PMID- 6420106
TI  - Cobalamin metabolism and its clinical aspects.

PMID- 6420107
TI  - The effect of leucocyte elastase on the immunoelectrophoretic behaviour of alpha
      1-antitrypsin.
AB  - Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and conventional sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on various mixtures of purified
      alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) and leucocyte elastase (LE). The results confirm
      that alpha 1AT inhibits LE by the formation of enzyme-inhibitor complexes
      demonstrable by both techniques. The complexes break down with time and are not
      affected by pH in the presence of excess alpha 1AT. However, the breakdown is
      more rapid in the presence of excess enzyme only at pH values where LE remains
      active. The resultant products of the complex breakdown include inactivated LE
      and alpha 1AT that has undergone limited proteolysis. It is concluded that the
      presence or absence of alpha 1AT-enzyme complexes as demonstrated by two
      dimensional immunoelectrophoresis must be interpreted with caution when studying
      alpha 1AT function in lung secretions. The absence of such complexes does not
      mean that previous interaction with enzyme has not occurred, thereby accounting
      for a reduction in alpha 1AT inhibitory capacity.

PMID- 6420108
TI  - The importance of urinary immunoglobulin light chain isoelectric point (pI) in
      nephrotoxicity in multiple myeloma.
AB  - There is clinical and experimental evidence to imply that urinary immunoglobulin
      light chains are nephrotoxic yet some patients pass large amounts for years with
      little renal damage. Animal experiments suggest that a light chain is more
      nephrotoxic if it has a high isoelectric point (i.e. is cationic in relation to
      urine pH). We studied 23 patients with multiple myeloma, measuring light chain
      excretion rate, light chain isoelectric point (pI) and creatinine clearance.
      Light chain excretion rate was independent of light chain isoelectric point and
      did not correlate with creatinine clearance. Light chain isoelectric point
      correlated with creatinine clearance, suggesting that this characteristic may be
      an important determinant of the nephrotoxic effect of these immunoglobulin
      constituents.

PMID- 6420109
TI  - The influence of undernutrition on immunity.

PMID- 6420110
TI  - Experimental mouse muscle damage: the importance of external calcium.
AB  - The involvement of extracellular calcium in experimental muscle damage has been
      studied in an isolated mouse soleus muscle preparation. The enzyme efflux and
      ultrastructural damage seen after excessive contractile activity were markedly
      reduced when the extracellular calcium was withdrawn. Low extracellular calcium
      also protected against the large enzyme efflux seen after treatment with low
      concentrations of detergent. Treatment of the muscle with the calcium ionophore A
      23187 caused significant release of enzyme from the muscle. Nifedipine did not
      prevent the enzyme release after stimulation and although in some circumstances
      verapamil appeared to have some protective effect this was probably due to a
      local anaesthetic action on the muscle and not to any specific effect on calcium
      movement. It is concluded that extracellular calcium is important in mediating at
      least the two forms of muscle damage studied here.

PMID- 6420111
TI  - Recovery of waste anesthetic gases.
AB  - The problem of waste anesthetic gases must be addressed because of potential
      health hazards. However, solutions must be considered within a larger context
      than that of the operating room or dental suite. The impact of shifting wastes
      from the hospital into the atmosphere must be examined for both ecologic and
      ethical implications. A hypothetic situation has been proposed in which the waste
      anesthetics are dealt with by recovery and reuse. Although potential costs and
      benefits can be discussed, overall feasibility and desirability cannot be
      assessed until certain questions are addressed. Are waste anesthetic gases an
      atmospheric pollutant with impact sufficient to cause concern? If not, do the
      economic considerations of recycling exhausted anesthetic and respiratory gases
      warrant implementation? Anesthesiologists need to consider these issues within
      the constraints of the environments in which they practice. The problem will
      exist as long as inhalation anesthesia is in use. Solution should not create new
      problems.

PMID- 6420112
TI  - Antibiotic resistant gonorrhea.

PMID- 6420113
TI  - [Casting technics for better fitting crown bridges with nickel-chromium alloys].

PMID- 6420114
TI  - [Xerox 110 system for dental use].

PMID- 6420115
TI  - [Endodontic 2000].

PMID- 6420116
TI  - [Testing dental casting investments for high heat].

PMID- 6420117
TI  - Ventilatory drive in normal man during semistarvation.
AB  - The effects of reduced caloric intake on ventilatory drive were investigated in
      normal volunteers. During a ten-day semistarvation period, six subjects (group 1)
      received parenterally an amino acid solution providing 550 kcal/d sufficient to
      prevent a negative nitrogen balance. Six subjects (group 2) received in addition
      a safflower oil solution providing a total caloric intake of 1,100 kcal/d.
      Hypoxic ventilatory drive was estimated by an index (parameter A) of the relation
      between minute ventilation (VE) and hypoxia. In group 1, mean values (+/- SEM) of
      A decreased significantly from 161.5 (+/- 42.0) to 48.9 (+/- 12.0) by day 10 (p
      less than 0.05), indicating a severe depression of hypoxic drive despite a
      positive nitrogen balance. In group 2, A did not change significantly (p greater
      than 0.05) from control values indicating a preserved hypoxic ventilatory drive.
      In both groups, the slopes of the line relating VE to arterial PCO2 (delta
      VE/delta PaCO2) did not change significantly during the ten-day semistarvation
      period consistent with preservation of the hypercapnic ventilatory drive. These
      data indicate that during periods of starvation, parenteral administration of
      aminoacids in an amount sufficient to maintain nitrogen balance is inadequate to
      prevent depression of respiratory control mechanisms unless a minimum daily
      caloric intake is achieved.

PMID- 6420118
TI  - Factors affecting the apparent regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa following
      exposure to bactericidal concentrations of carbenicillin.
AB  - Factors have been identified which are responsible for the phenomenon already
      reported in which regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to occur in broth
      cultures containing bactericidal concentrations of carbenicillin. In cultures
      incubated under stationary conditions, in a water bath, the factor primarily
      responsible for this phenomenon of regrowth appears to be the formation of
      condensate on the inside of the culture vessel. In such condensate, viable cells
      of P. aeruginosa were found in numbers equal or higher than those in the culture
      broth. As a result of coalescing, and running down the vessel wall, the
      condensate provides a continuous reintroduction of bacteria into the culture
      medium, and, notwithstanding a bactericidal concentration of antibiotic in the
      medium, this process of continual reinoculation leads to the formation of visible
      growth and an increase in the viable count in the culture medium after an initial
      bactericidal effect. In silicone-treated flasks, incubated in a water bath,
      regrowth did not occur. Under such conditions, condensate again formed, but only
      as discrete droplets on a non-wetting surface, and in such condensate the
      bacterial count was found to be low. In flasks incubated in an air incubator,
      condensate did not form, and under these conditions the phenomenon of regrowth
      was not observed.

PMID- 6420119
TI  - The activity of ceftazidime, other beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of ceftazidime, cefoperazone,
      ceftriaxone, piperacillin, and five aminoglycosides were determined against 50
      tobramycin-susceptible and 25 multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Ceftazidime was the most active beta-lactam and tobramycin the most
      active aminoglycoside. The combination of piperacillin and tobramycin was
      synergistic in most cases. The combination of cephalosporin and tobramycin showed
      mostly addition or indifference, as did combination of two beta-lactams. No
      antagonism was observed.

PMID- 6420120
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of community hospital blood culture isolates of gram
      negative bacilli.
AB  - The comparative in vitro activity of amikacin, cefamandole, cefoperazone,
      cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, moxalactam, piperacillin,
      ticarcillin and tobramycin against 170 community blood culture isolates of gram
      negative bacilli was investigated using the quantitative plate dilution method.
      Results showed that amikacin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, moxalactam, piperacillin
      and tobramycin were most active on a weight basis. Tobramycin and amikacin were
      quite active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but one isolate showed an MIC of 50
      micrograms/ml to both. The order of activity of the remaining drugs for P.
      aeruginosa was cefoperazone greater than moxalactam greater than cefotaxime and
      piperacillin greater than ticarcillin.

PMID- 6420121
TI  - [Irrigation in endodontics].

PMID- 6420122
TI  - [Immediate postoperative enteral feeding with an elemental diet (Survimed) using
      a new application form of the so-called fine needle catheter jejunostomy. A
      prospective study].
AB  - In a prospective study (n = 50) the clinical usefulness of a fine-needle-catheter
      jejunostomy based on the method of Delany et al. [1] was studied. In all cases
      the jejunostomy was inserted intraoperatively without difficulty and without
      complication. The set used (Intestofix) consisted of one polyurethan-catheter (75
      cm length), 2.1 mm inner diameter) and of two hollow needles constructed as split
      cannulas. This system has been proved in our study to be simple, rapid and safe.
      Patient's tolerance of the feeding was, however, unsatisfactory; diarrhea
      occurred on the 5th postoperative day in 35% of all patients, in addition we
      observed inconvenient belching (42.5%) and sensation of repletion (25%). There
      may be different causes for these uncomfortable symptoms; for example application
      schedule or the composition of food. We think that the operation itself exerts an
      important influence upon patient's tolerance because patients without operation
      but under the same conditions tolerate the nutrition via jejunostomy better than
      those in our study (with concomitant operation).

PMID- 6420123
TI  - 30 years of the Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases in
      Prague.

PMID- 6420124
TI  - Tuberculosis register in the Czech Socialist Republic compared with similar
      registers in other European countries.
AB  - Computer technique in the Czech Socialist Republic, as well as in other
      countries, has been increasingly used for the evaluation of epidemiological
      situation of tuberculosis control programmes, and for the effectivity and impact
      of individual control measures. The notification system of new tuberculous cases
      detected has been switched in the Czech Socialist Republic into a longtime follow
      up of all the patients reported for tuberculosis. In all the new or relapse cases
      the data on the form and location of disease, the mode of detection, time needed
      for diagnosis or possible delay in diagnosis due to patients or doctors are
      analyzed. At regular one-year intervals the data on the treatment and sick-leave
      are evaluated. The tuberculosis register was put into operation in the Czech
      Socialist Republic on January 1, 1981. The two-year experience revealed the
      possibility of operative registration of tuberculous patients if a reliable
      system of data collection from district departments tuberculosis and respiratory
      diseases and that of control programmes in a computer had been built up. The
      advantage of tuberculosis register consists in dynamic information on patients
      which is processed and published at one-month, three--month, or one-year
      intervals. The system of tuberculosis register in the Czech Socialist Republic is
      compared to the advantages and disadvantages of retrospective and prospective
      studies, one-phase or repeated surveys, and to registers operating in Denmark,
      Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Bavaria, and Scotland. The tuberculosis
      register in the Czech Socialist Republic is presently considered as an
      advantageous approach to the establishment of tuberculosis surveillance
      system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420125
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis drugs after oral isolated and simultaneous
      administration in triple combination.
AB  - On the basis of a mathematical analysis of the time course of the drug
      distributed in the organism there were studied pharmacokinetics of
      antituberculosis drugs after an isolated oral administration of doses used in
      daily treatment of tuberculosis, in INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, ETA, CS and TZ, and after
      a simultaneous--single and repeated--administration of INH, RMP, EMB in a triple
      combination, after the usual daily doses and after increased intermittent doses
      administered twice weekly. At first there were determined, with the use of
      chemical methods, blood concentrations of the antituberculosis drugs studied and
      their excretion with urine in an unchanged form. The results were analyzed
      pharmacokinetically by means of a one- compartment model with absorption. By an
      iteration process, based on non-linear regression analysis, the following
      pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: Vd, Ka, Ke, T0.5 abs, T0.5 el, Tmax,
      Cmax, Clp tot and AUC. Their comparison revealed the following facts: The
      microbiologically most effective antituberculosis drugs--INH and RMP--are
      comparable even from the point of view of pharmacokinetics on account of similar
      pharmacokinetic parameters; in comparison with them EMB has half the size of the
      AUC, characterizing the efficacy of the drug. In this parameter PTA exceeds more
      than twice ETA; CS and TZ have a low Ke as well as Clp tot and a high T0.5 el,
      which is indicative of an insufficient excretion of both drugs. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters of PZA confirm the possibility of using the dose of 25 mg/kg in the
      treatment of tuberculosis. A simultaneous administration of the triple drug
      combination under study influences pharmacokinetic parameters of all the three
      antituberculosis drugs--it significantly decreases Ka as well as Ke, increases
      T0.5 el, Tmax, Vd and in INH also Clp tot, but only after a repeated
      administration. An intermittent administration of the mentioned triple drug
      combination significantly increases the area under the curve AUC in all the three
      antituberculosis drugs. This explains the same efficacy of higher doses of
      antituberculosis drugs, administered twice weekly, in comparison with a daily
      administration of lower doses of the same combination. The pharmacokinetic
      process of orally administered antituberculosis drugs can be analyzed according
      to a one-compartment model of pharmacokinetics, although the kinetics of certain
      antituberculosis drugs probably proceed in the organism in a more complicated
      way.

PMID- 6420126
TI  - Regional response of lymphatic tissue in bronchogenic cancer.
AB  - The limiting factors in the treatment of bronchogenic cancer consist, from the
      bronchological point of view, in the possibility to estimate the advanced
      macromorphological stage of the disease with the determination of the degree of
      the affection of regional intrathoracic nodes. By the perbronchial route it is
      possible to obtain also a sufficient amount of material from unaffected nodes for
      purposes of testing their function. The testing of the spontaneous E-rosette
      formation is shortened, with the use of this method, by three quarters of an
      hour, but the possibility of obtaining a sufficient quantity of lymphocytes by
      the perbronchial puncture with the use of a fine needle is on average smaller
      than 50% in all types of bronchogenic cancer. It will be probably possible to
      introduce gradually also other immunological and biochemical methods of testing
      the function of the regional lymphatic tissue, as confirmed by the authors'
      experiences with immunological and biochemical investigations of bronchial
      washings with the use of 4 ml of the saline washing liquid. Experiences are thus
      far only preliminary and not unequivocal. Different alkaline under study, with
      better treatment results in patients treated with Cis-Platine, indicate
      phosphatase levels in patients with Penberol and Cis-Platine monotherapy in the
      series under study, with better treatment results in patients treated with Cis
      Platine, indicate the possibility of using a further limiting aspect of
      cytostatic therapy.

PMID- 6420127
TI  - Epidemiological study on non-tuberculous non-tumorous respiratory diseases in
      metropolitan population.
AB  - The occurrence of non-tuberculous non-tumorous respiratory diseases in children
      and in adults was investigated in a population of approximately 28 300
      inhabitants from selected health communities of a Prague industrial district
      between October 1, 1976 and December 31, 1978. In the course of this period such
      a disease occurred once at least in 31% of the population. Of a total of 17 133
      respiratory disease cases, acute upper respiratory infections occurred in 72.0%,
      acute bronchitis in 12.2%, influenza in 12.5%, pneumonia in 1.3%, chronic
      bronchitis in 0.3%, bronchial asthma in 0.6% and other respiratory diseases in
      0.5%. Repeated respiratory diseases with four or more episodes of a disease in
      the course of one year occurred in 6.0% of preschool-age children (0-5 years of
      age), in 2.8% of school-age children (6-14 years of age), and in 0.2% subjects
      from the age of 15. Differences in the morbidity rate among the three age groups
      were statistically significant. In most cases repeated respiratory diseases began
      to occur after the entry of children to collective institutions. The most
      frequent respiratory diseases as a cause of incapacity for work were acute upper
      respiratory infections and influenza with a predominance of incidence in persons
      younger than 40 years of age. By contrast, in chronic bronchitis as a cause of
      incapacity for work there was a significant predominance of affected subjects
      from 40 years of age. The mean duration of incapacity for work due to chronic
      bronchitis was longer than that due to acute respiratory diseases. In respiratory
      diseases chronic bronchitis was found to be the most frequent primary cause of
      death, while pneumonia was quite often an immediate cause of death in the
      subjects weakened by other diseases.

PMID- 6420128
TI  - Importance of mathematical models and multivariant statistical analysis for the
      diagnosis of ventilation disorders.
AB  - The authors present results of a comprehensive, mostly mathematical, solution of
      problems of the mechanism of breathing and ventilation. The need for a
      multivariant approach is based on the knowledge of disorders of the individual
      factors influencing ventilation. The authors are convinced that this approach
      means a useful contribution to the establishment of diagnosis and to
      economization of treatment.

PMID- 6420129
TI  - Correlations between changes in indicators of gastric mucosal barrier integrity
      at time of exposure to "barrier breakers" and extent of hemorrhagic erosions one
      hour later.
AB  - We have examined the effects of seven different "barrier breakers" (including
      ethanol, aspirin, salicylic acid, isobutyric acid, Na taurocholate, thermal
      injury, and hyperosmotic glucose) on chambered gastric mucosae of rats in an
      attempt to identify variations in accepted indicators of mucosal barrier
      integrity which would accurately predict the extent of subsequent hemorrhagic
      erosion. When results from all experimental groups were considered, only the
      initial decrease in transmucosal potential difference (PD) showed significant
      correlation with final damage (lesion area). When the results were analyzed as
      separate subgroups, significant correlations were also found between net K+
      efflux during the first 10 min after luminal infusion and final lesion area. Only
      in the subgroup containing ethanol, salicylates, and thermal injury was there a
      correlation between net loss of luminal H+ (back-diffusion) and lesion area.
      These results are considered in terms of their implications for the ulcerogenic
      actions of each group of agents.

PMID- 6420130
TI  - The secretory immunoglobulin system in urothelial neoplasia.
AB  - The role of the secretory immunoglobulin system in urinary tract neoplasia has
      been investigated by staining formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax embedded sections of
      normal and abnormal urinary tract epithelium for secretory component (SC), IgA
      and J (joining) chain. Normal mucosa contains IgA with J chain and SC as a thin
      superficial layer on surface umbrella cells and in small amounts in the cytoplasm
      of intermediate cells. Inflamed mucosa is infiltrated by many IgA and J chain
      positive plasma cells in the lamina propria and there is IgA, SC and J chain in
      the cytoplasm of the second layer of the epithelium as much as in surface
      umbrella cells. Epithelium with moderate to severe dysplasia and invasive
      transitional cell carcinoma is almost always negative, containing only occasional
      cells with cytoplasmic IgA, J chain and SC, whilst surface staining is entirely
      absent.

PMID- 6420131
TI  - Lymphocyte markers in health and disease.
AB  - In the 7 years since the last review of lymphocyte markers, written by Tomasi and
      Stobo, appeared in this journal, there has been a revolution in the diversity and
      sophistication of immunologic tests directly applicable to investigations of
      clinical disorders. The promise of such procedures and their allied genetic and
      monoclonal antibody probes in aiding the classification, early recognition, and
      therapy of hematologic malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and infectious
      diseases now is approaching fruition. A synopsis of those assays in vitro and in
      vivo, together with the primary immune cell subsets they define, is given in
      Table 12. A grasp of the basic mechanisms underlying them should permit their
      judicious use, as they are requested either through the clinical laboratory (the
      initial screen) or as they are complemented by more complex studies obtained
      through university-affiliated immunology centers (further workup). In this
      manner, clinically relevant information for the diagnosis and treatment of
      disorders of immune function will be realized.

PMID- 6420132
TI  - Nucleic Acid Sequence Database V: completely sequenced genomes.

PMID- 6420133
TI  - Albinism: phenotype or genotype?
AB  - As part of a combined ophthalmological, genetic, clinical, biochemical,
      ultrastructural and electro-physiological study of albinism we have examined over
      one hundred albinos, together with their heterozygote family members. Given this
      substantial number, we have developed a diagnostic protocol to facilitate albino
      classification and heterozygote detection. The major difficulty in the detection
      and differential diagnosis of albinism is that for a given albino, not all
      symptoms, either ophthalmological or cutaneous, may be manifest, whereas several
      may be in a non-albino. To compensate for the wide diversity in albino
      expression, diagnosis is typically based on the results of combinations of tests.

PMID- 6420134
TI  - Therapeutic management of primary dysmenorrhea.
AB  - Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder. Dysmenorrheic pain
      normally has an onset of from 2-12 hours before the start of menses and tapers
      over the next one to two days. Although the exact etiology is unknown, this
      condition is associated with an increase in prostaglandin F2 alpha. In the past,
      nonspecific treatments such as heat and exercise were tried, with poor results.
      Little relief was offered by antispasmodics or low-dose aspirin. Currently,
      effective therapy for primary dysmenorrhea includes oral contraceptives and
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Oral contraceptives should be prescribed
      only for women who desire contraception and who are candidates for this type of
      therapy. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors can be given to women who do not
      desire oral contraceptives or those who do not respond to hormonal therapy.
      Secondary dysmenorrhea should be suspected in women who do not respond to either
      treatment modality.

PMID- 6420135
TI  - Reversible renal failure associated with ibuprofen: case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A report of a probable case of acute, reversible renal failure and hyperkalemia,
      after an increase in dose of ibuprofen, is presented. Other cases of renal
      dysfunction associated with various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
      are reviewed. The ability of NSAIDs to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis may
      explain the various renal consequences. Possible predisposing factors to renal
      deterioration include the amount of drug consumed, presence of compromised renal
      blood flow, underlying renal insufficiency, nephrotoxic drug combinations, and
      high urinary prostaglandin excretion. Generally, the renal failure with NSAIDs is
      acute and reversible, though analgesic nephropathy with papillary necrosis and
      chronic renal failure are reported. Electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and serum
      creatinine levels need to be monitored in high-risk patients with predisposing
      factors and for chronic, long-term use of drugs that inhibit prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 6420136
TI  - Adverse dermatologic reaction to transdermal nitroglycerin.
AB  - The incidence of adverse effects from transdermal nitroglycerin systems is
      reported to be very low. A cutaneous reaction from Transderm-Nitro is described.
      The patient in this case was a 63-year-old male with a history of chronic
      obstructive lung disease, adult onset diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer disease,
      congestive heart failure, and angina pectoris. Seven weeks after having used a
      Transderm-Nitro-5 patch daily, the patient was found to have two macular
      erythematous areas on his chest that corresponded to the exact sites of the
      nitroglycerin patch. Follow-up with the same patient, using a placebo Transderm
      Nitro, elicited a reaction similar in appearance. The exact causative agent is
      unknown, but it is believed to be from the transdermal delivery system and not
      the nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6420137
TI  - [Diagnosis of malignant gammopathies].

PMID- 6420138
TI  - [Therapy of malignant gammopathies].

PMID- 6420140
TI  - Blockade of the preovulatory release of gonadotropins and prolactin by spinal
      transections in female rats.
AB  - The effect of spinal transections on the preovulatory release of gonadotropins
      and PRL was investigated in female rats. A preovulatory rise in serum LH, FSH and
      PRL and subsequent ovulation were prevented by complete spinal transections (CST)
      at high thoracic levels (T3-T7), but not at low thoracic and lumbar levels (T8
      L5), performed at 1000-1230 h on proestrus. Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in
      the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area at 1700-1800 h on proestrus were also
      significantly reduced by CST at high thoracic levels, but not at lumbar levels.
      Either electrochemical stimulation of the suprachiasmatic part of the preoptic
      area or NE injection into the third ventricle at 1400-1500 h on proestrus
      restored ovulation in animals with CST at high thoracic levels. Animals with CST
      at lumbar levels exhibited relatively regular 4-day cycles, but those with CST at
      high thoracic levels showed prolonged periods of diestrous (8-20 days) before
      they resumed cyclicity. In the case of partial transections, bilateral
      transections of the lateral columns, but not transections of the dorsal or medial
      columns, of the spinal cord at T4-T5 significantly blocked the preovulatory
      gonadotropin release and the occurrence of ovulation. Unilateral transections of
      the lateral columns of the spinal cord or unilateral electrolytic lesions of the
      ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata (VLMO) failed to block ovulation.
      When combinations of them were performed ipsilaterally, ovulation occurred, but
      when they were performed contralaterally, the incidence of ovulation was
      significantly decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420141
TI  - A case of pituitary gigantism who had two episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis
      followed by complete recovery of diabetes.
AB  - A 17-year-old boy with pituitary gigantism who had two episodes of diabetic
      ketoacidosis is reported. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were evaluated
      before, during and after each episode of ketoacidosis. The patient was 201 cm
      tall and weighed 137 kg. Before surgery, his plasma growth hormone level was
      3,000 ng/ml, glucose tolerance was almost normal and insulin response to glucose
      load was enhanced. He fell into diabetic ketoacidosis twice; 3 weeks after
      hypophysectomy and one year later after getting the "flu". On each occasion,
      insulin treatment was needed only temporarily. After the ketoacidosis improved,
      glucose tolerance and C-peptide responses became nearly normal. Urine C-peptide
      was low during and immediately after the second episode, but increased to normal
      following recovery. It is presumed that a pre-operative compensation for the
      diabetogenic action of excess growth hormone by hyper-secretion of insulin was
      broken when superimposed stress was added. This is an example in which subnormal
      insulin response may not be a prerequisite for the occurrence of a severe
      diabetic state, and decompensated insulin secretion leading to ketoacidosis may
      not imply permanent damage to the beta cells.

PMID- 6420142
TI  - Maturation of negative and positive estrogen feedback in the prepubertal female
      rat.
AB  - The development of estrogen feedback system on gonadotropin release during sexual
      maturation in female rats was studied. Animals (Wistar strain rats) were divided
      into 6 groups according to their ages; 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days. Both LH
      and FSH levels in serum increased significantly in response to ovariectomy in all
      age-groups studied when measured one week postoperatively, though in the rats
      aged 10-15 days the increase in FSH following castration was only slight. In rats
      older than 25 days, the postcastration gonadotropin rise, calculated as a percent
      increase from the basal figure, decreased gradually with increasing age.
      Ovariectomized rats injected with estradiol benzoate (EB, 5 micrograms/100 g BW)
      showed significantly lower levels of both LH and FSH than those in castrated
      controls. However, the inhibitory action of EB on postcastration gonadotropin
      output was found to be relatively less effective in rats older than 25 days.
      Ovariectomized rats primed with EB were again injected with a 2nd dose of EB (5
      micrograms/100 g BW) at noon 3 days after priming. The 2nd EB injection induced a
      significant rise in LH 6 h later in 30- and 35-day-old, though not in younger,
      animals. On the other hand, the FSH response to EB was markedly enhanced during
      days 15-25 of age. These results indicate that the estrogen negative feedback
      action on gonadotropin release is already operating in female rats at a very
      early age, and that the brain sensitivity to estrogen decreases slightly during
      the late prepubertal phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420139
TI  - Intravenous glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin). A review of its pharmacological
      properties and therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - The recently introduced preparation of intravenous glyceryl trinitrate
      (nitroglycerin) provides a rapid steady therapeutic blood concentration of
      nitrates during continuous infusion. Intravenous glyceryl trinitrate causes
      venodilation at low doses, but at higher doses dilates both arteries and veins.
      Its principal haemodynamic effects at therapeutic dosages include a decrease in
      blood pressure in preload (left ventricular filling pressure) and in determinants
      of afterload, and a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. Human pharmacokinetic
      data are few and difficult to interpret due to wide interstudy and
      interindividual variation. There is no close correlation between infusion rate,
      blood concentration and haemodynamic effects. The nature of the patient
      population treated with intravenous glyceryl trinitrate has largely precluded the
      use of a placebo, but in open trials the drug has been used successfully in the
      treatment of unstable angina, left ventricular failure accompanying acute
      myocardial infarction and in the control of hypertension associated with cardiac
      surgery at dosages titrated to achieve a specific end-point. Favourable
      haemodynamic responses have been achieved in very short term studies in
      congestive heart failure, and preliminary studies suggest that institution of
      intravenous glyceryl trinitrate early after acute myocardial infarction may limit
      ischaemic damage. However, use of the drug in acute myocardial infarction remains
      controversial. Intravenous glyceryl trinitrate is generally well tolerated,
      although hypotension and headache occur occasionally, and sinus tachycardia and
      bradycardia less frequently. Careful titration of dosage is required (beginning
      at 5 micrograms/min), and if the infusion sets contain polyvinylchloride, the
      delivered dose is lower than that calculated, because of adsorption of glyceryl
      trinitrate onto the plastic tubing.

PMID- 6420143
TI  - Respiratory infection of cyclophosphamide-treated mice with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The dose of cyclophosphamide that permits the colonization of the nasopharynx
      with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the survival of the animal was determined in
      mice. This dose, 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, allowed P aeruginosa to colonize
      but not invade mouse nasal epithelium. Mice treated with 100 mg/kg
      cyclophosphamide were exposed to aerosol of 35S-labeled P aeruginosa to study
      clearance. Results indicated that this dose of cyclophosphamide suppressed both
      the pulmonary clearance of viable P aeruginosa (in situ killing) and the
      clearance of radiolabeled P aeruginosa (mechanical clearance).

PMID- 6420144
TI  - Stereoselectivity of the arene epoxide pathway of mephenytoin hydroxylation in
      man.
AB  - Stereoselective metabolism of mephenytoin has been investigated in four normal
      subjects by comparing urinary recoveries of hydroxylated metabolites after
      administration of racemic RS-mephenytoin (1.4 mmol/day) and R-mephenytoin (0.7
      mmol/day) on separate occasions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was
      employed to measure the urinary recovery of 3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5
      ethylhydantoin (4-OH-M) and mephenytoin catechol, methylcatechol, and dihydrodiol
      metabolites. Following a single oral dose of racemic mephenytoin, 4-OH-M,
      mephenytoin catechol, and methylcatechol metabolites were identified in urine
      mainly as conjugates, whereas the dihydrodiol metabolite was recovered mainly in
      its unconjugated form. Urinary elimination of each metabolite was similar on days
      1 and 10 of chronic racemic mephenytoin administration. Following R-mephenytoin
      administration, urinary recoveries of hydroxylated metabolites were five to 10
      times smaller than after administration of the racemic drug. This implies
      substrate-stereoselective hydroxylation of the S-enantiomer of mephenytoin. In
      one subject with a genetic deficiency of aromatic mephenytoin hydroxylation
      deficiency, the excretion of each hydroxylated mephenytoin metabolite after RS
      mephenytoin administration was decreased to 5-15% of the values found in the four
      extensively hydroxylating study volunteers. The impaired formation of
      hydroxylated mephenytoin metabolites in genetic hydroxylation deficiency, in
      conjunction with stereoselective hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin via an extensive
      NIH shift in normal man, is consistent with the hypothesis that the formation of
      the S-mephenytoin arene oxide is under genetic control and represents the initial
      enzymatic reaction of stereoselective aromatic mephenytoin hydroxylation. The
      formation of this potentially reactive metabolite of S-mephenytoin may have
      implications in mephenytoin-induced toxicity.

PMID- 6420145
TI  - Some clinical and EEG aspects of benign juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
AB  - Twelve patients with benign juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (BJME) representing 4% of
      our population of epileptics (n = 275) are presented. Only two patients (17%) had
      myoclonic jerks as the only seizure type. Seven (58%) had generalized tonic
      clonic seizures (GTCS) and myoclonus. Three patients (25%) had absence seizures
      (AS), GTCS, and myoclonic jerks. Electroencephalographic evidence of
      photosensitivity was found in four (33%). Auditory precipitation of seizures was
      found in one patient. As is the case with other primary generalized epilepsies,
      the onset of BJME seems to be age specific. In our series the mean age of onset
      in years was 4.3 for AS, 14.75 for myoclonic jerks, and 16.4 for GTCS. It took an
      average of 8.5 years from the onset of BJME (range, 2-20 years) and 6.5 years
      from the onset of GTCS (range, 2 months-6 years) until the condition was properly
      recognized. Five patients experienced at least one episode of myoclonic status
      epilepticus. Generalized, paroxysmal, symmetric polyspike and slow wave
      discharges are the typical EEG finding. These complexes, however, showed
      considerable interpatient variability. Sleep deprivation proved to be the most
      valuable activating procedure. Valproic acid monotherapy effectively controlled
      myoclonic jerks as well as associated GTCS in most patients.

PMID- 6420146
TI  - Electroencephalographic alterations during intoxication with sodium valproate: a
      case report.
AB  - A case of severe valproic acid poisoning with coma and insufficient respiration
      is reported. The clinical condition and EEG changes are presented. The patient
      recovered completely, and the toxicity of sodium valproate to the brain and the
      liver in severe intoxication is discussed.

PMID- 6420147
TI  - Effectiveness and toxicity of phenobarbital, primidone, and sodium valproate in
      the prevention of febrile convulsions, controlled by plasma levels.
AB  - The effectiveness and toxicity of phenobarbital (PB), primidone (PRM), and sodium
      valproate (VPA), used exclusively in monotherapy, were compared in 95 children
      affected with febrile convulsions. Treatment was restricted to either complicated
      or simple febrile convulsions with risk factors. The effectiveness and toxicity
      of each drug were related to the daily dose and the steady-state plasma levels.
      PB (4.8 +/- 0.7 mg/kg/day) achieved plasma levels of 16.4 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml
      and prevented febrile convulsions in 80% of the patients. Side effects were
      observed in 76.7% of the patients, a change in dose being required only in 13.3%.
      PRM (17.8 mg/kg/day) yielded PB plasma levels of 14.1 +/- 3.7 micrograms/ml and
      was effective in 88.2% of the patients. The incidence of side effects was 53%,
      but no change in treatment was required. VPA (35.2 +/- 5.9 mg/kg/day) achieved
      plasma levels of 57.2 +/- 15.3 micrograms/ml (measured before the first dose in
      the morning) and was effective in 91.7% of the patients. Side effects were
      detected in 45% (significantly lower than after PB, p less than 0.01), and
      required a change in treatment in 14.3%. No differences in doses and plasma
      levels were found between patients with or without recurrence of febrile
      convulsions and with or without side effects; an exception was the higher doses
      of VPA administered to patients who showed side effects. It is concluded that PRM
      and VPA were at least as effective and well tolerated as PB. Because the plasma
      levels of the three drugs were near the lower limit of the therapeutic range, it
      remains to be elucidated whether higher doses may increase the benefit without
      adding unacceptable toxicity.

PMID- 6420148
TI  - Effects of anticonvulsants on hyperthermia-induced seizures in the rat pup.
AB  - We studied the effects of phenobarbital (PB), valproic acid (VPA), and phenytoin
      (PHT) on the electroencephalograms and behaviorally defined seizure threshold
      temperatures in rat pups exposed to ambient hyperthermia on the fifth day of
      life. Animals injected with 10, 20, or 40 micrograms PB/g body weight (GBW) or
      80, 150, or 300 micrograms VPA/GBW daily from the second day of life showed
      seizure temperature thresholds that were about 1.0 degree C higher than those of
      controls. Pups injected with PHT had thresholds that were equal to or lower than
      those in controls despite blood levels greater than 20 micrograms/ml. Preictal
      rhythmic sharp wave activity appeared in VPA-injected animals at temperatures
      below the threshold temperature. All experimental animals showed electrographic
      epileptiform activity at the threshold temperatures. We conclude that this animal
      model shows similar anticonvulsant efficacies to those found in human febrile
      seizures. This model may be useful in determining the efficacy of potentially
      useful anticonvulsant drugs and their mechanisms of action.

PMID- 6420149
TI  - Correlation between mixed-function oxidase enzyme induction and aflatoxin B1
      induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in the chick embryo, in vivo.
AB  - The unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) technique has been adapted for use in the
      chick embryo, in vivo, to determine the relationship between induction of the
      mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzyme system and genetic damage from an indirect
      acting mutagen-carcinogen. Embryos were injected at 6 days of incubation (DI)
      with either phenobarbital (PB), a specific inducer of P-450-associated enzyme
      activities, or 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), a specific inducer of P1-450
      associated enzyme activities. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was injected 24 hr later (7
      DI), followed by a 5-hr continuous 3H-thymidine exposure. The livers were
      removed, prepared for autoradiography, and hepatocytes were scored for an
      increase in grains/nucleus, indicative of UDS. Aflatoxin B1 caused a dose-related
      increase in UDS in all control and induction groups. Phenobarbital-induced
      embryos had an increased UDS response while TCB-induced embryos had a decreased
      UDS response, relative to noninduced embryos, for each dosage of AFB1. This
      suggests that the genotoxicity of an indirect-acting mutagen-carcinogen can be
      either increased or decreased, in vivo, depending on the inducer used. The chick
      embryo provides an excellent system for studying the effect of MFO induction on
      the genotoxicity of promutagen-carcinogens in a developing system.

PMID- 6420150
TI  - Nidogen: a new, self-aggregating basement membrane protein.
AB  - Nidogen was purified from a mouse tumor basement membrane where it accounted for
      2-3% of the total proteins. It was isolated as two forms (A and B) of a monomer
      (Mr = 80000) each consisting of a single polypeptide chain folded into a globular
      head connected to a small tail. The B form of the monomer was shown to be capable
      of aggregating into a nest-like structure (Mr greater than 250000). A smaller
      form (Mr = 45000) was observed in some of the extracts. The amino acid
      composition of nidogen was different to that of other basement membrane proteins.
      It contained about 10% carbohydrate, with N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharide
      chains in similar proportions. Isoelectrofocussing demonstrated a limited
      heterogeneity of nidogen with pI in the range 6.5 - 7. Monomeric nidogen failed
      to interact with other basement membrane components and heparin. Aggregation
      could be induced by limited proteolysis and was reversed by detergents or high
      salt concentrations. Together with the observation that most of the nidogen could
      be solubilized only after destroying the collagenous matrix, the data indicate
      that aggregation of nidogen reflects an activity involved in matrix assembly.
      Specific antibodies raised against nidogen did not distinguish between the
      monomeric and aggregated form of the protein but showed that the fragment was
      antigenically deficient. These antibodies did not cross-react with collagen type
      IV, laminin, entactin and heparansulfate proteoglycan. Immunofluorescence
      staining and absorption studies demonstrated that nidogen is a common component
      of authentic basement membranes. Larger forms of nidogen (Mr about 100000 and
      150000) were found in organ cultures of Reichert's membrane suggesting that it is
      synthesized in precursor forms.

PMID- 6420151
TI  - Effects of the skin mitogens tumor-promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
      and divalent-cation-ionophore A23187 on ion fluxes and membrane potential in a
      murine epidermal cell line (HEL30) and in 3T3 fibroblasts.
AB  - The transmembrane potential of HEL30 keratinocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts has been
      determined by measuring the distribution of labelled triphenylmethylphosphonium
      bromide. The tumor-promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (1-5 microM)
      induces hyperpolarization in 3T3 cells but does not exert any effect on the
      membrane potential of keratinocytes, whereas the divalent cation ionophore A23187
      (0.5 - 1 microM) hyperpolarizes keratinocytes and probably also 3T3 cells.
      Studies on Na+ and Rb+ fluxes, as well as with different inhibitors, indicate
      that the hyperpolarizing effect is the consequence of an increased Na+ influx
      which in turn stimulates the Na+/K+-dependent ATPase. No causal relationship
      seems to exist between the change of the membrane potential and arachidonic acid
      release (and subsequent prostaglandin synthesis) which is induced by both drugs
      in both cell lines. Since the induction of the arachidonic cascade (by both
      agents) as well as the stimulation of Na+ influx (by A23187) are found to be
      critically dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and are inhibited by 'Ca2+-blockers',
      it is concluded that both reactions are triggered by the same event (Ca2+
      translocation) but proceed independently of each other. The release of
      arachidonic acid is already stimulated under conditions where a measurable influx
      of Ca2+ is not yet observed. This indicates a local mobilization of Ca2+, perhaps
      across the plasma membrane. It is concluded that monovalent cation fluxes and
      changes of the membrane potential are not critically involved in the stimulation
      of the arachidonic acid cascade and cellular proliferation by agents which induce
      epidermal hyperplasia in vivo.

PMID- 6420152
TI  - Localization of Lys-51 of L7/L12 on 50S ribosomes from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Ribosomal protein L7/L12 from Escherichia coli was modified specifically at Lys
      51 with 4-(6-formyl-3-azido-phenoxy)butyrimidate. Reconstitution of ribosomal
      cores, lacking L7/L12, with imidate-modified L7/L12 resulted in back formation of
      50S particles which were fully active in elongation-factor-dependent processes.
      By use of the formylazidophenoxy moiety as hapten, the position of Lys-51 of
      L7/L12 on the 50S ribosome was determined by immune electron microscopy. The
      results show that an L7/L12 dimer is present in the L7/L12 stalk in such a way
      that Lys-51 is located at the far cytoplasmic end of the stalk. The experimental
      data are discussed in relation to a proposed model for the L7/L12 dimer.

PMID- 6420153
TI  - The assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of azurin. An
      investigation of the 1H NMR spectrum of the blue copper protein, azurin, from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with reference to the previously determined crystal
      structure.
AB  - A detailed assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of azurin has
      been made. Resonances associated with the single tryptophan residue, all six
      phenylalanine residues, one of the two tyrosine residues and all four histidine
      residues, as well as most of the resonances from the ring-current shifted methyl
      groups have been assigned. These assignments have been used to study the pH
      dependence of the structure of the protein and binding of analogues of redox
      active reagents to the protein.

PMID- 6420154
TI  - Identification of an essential carboxylate group at the active site of lacZ beta
      galactosidase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - [3H] Conduritol C cis-epoxide (1,2-anhydro-epi-inositol, I) was synthesized as an
      active-site-directed inhibitor for lacZ beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli.
      A considerable kinetic isotope effect was noted in the reduction by [3H]NaBH4 of
      the p-benzoquinone-derived precursor for I. Complete loss of beta-galactosidase
      activity occurred on incorporation of 4 mol I/mol beta-galactosidase tetramer.
      The inhibitor was very labile in the denatured enzyme at pH greater than 8,
      implying the formation of an ester bond between I and a carboxylate at the active
      site. The radioactive material released from the labeled enzyme was identified as
      allo-inositol. The stereochemistry of the expoxide reaction (trans-diaxial ring
      opening) is thus the same as for beta-glucosidases with the corresponding
      epoxides. The binding site for I was identified as Glu-461 by the isolation and
      partial sequence analysis of a radioactive octapeptide from the cyanogen bromide
      and pepsin fragments of the labeled enzyme. A failure to determine the N-terminal
      amino acid of the labeled peptide is ascribed to the great reactivity of the
      esterified gamma-carboxyl group of its N-terminal Glu-461 which causes rapid
      cyclisation of this residue to pyroglutamate, even under weakly basic conditions.
      The participation of the carboxylate of Glu-461 in catalysis is discussed.

PMID- 6420155
TI  - Glycosyl transferases of baby hamster kidney cells and ricin-resistant mutants. O
      glycan biosynthesis.
AB  - Extracts of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells catalyzed the incorporation of N
      acetylgalactosamine from UDP-N-acetyl[14C]galactosamine into myelin basic protein
      and an acylated tetrapeptide, N-acetylthreonyl-triproline, based on the threonine
      residue 98, glycosylated in myelin basic protein. The incorporated N
      acetylgalactosamine residues were shown to be in alpha linkage to the peptide
      moieties. Several ricin-resistant BHK cell lines contained enhanced
      (approximately twofold) levels of the transferase activity. Apomucins obtained
      from bovine submaxillary gland mucin by chemical or enzymic degradation were
      relatively poor acceptors. Using asialomucin as acceptor, galactosyl, transferase
      activities and a weak sialyl transferase activity were detected in BHK cell
      extracts. Galactose transfer occurred at two sites: to peptide-linked N
      acetylgalactosamine residues to form the linkage, galactosyl-(beta 1 leads to 3)
      N-acetylgalactosamine and to terminally linked N-acetylglucosamine residues that
      exist as a minor constituent in bovine submaxillary mucin O-glycans, to form a
      galactosyl N-acetylglucosamine linkage. This reaction was not inhibited by
      ovalbumin, an efficient acceptor of the beta 1 leads to 4 galactosyl transferase
      involved in N-glycan assembly. Incorporation of galactose and N
      acetylgalactosamine into endogenous proteins of BHK cell extracts was also
      detected. Sialic acid, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues were not
      incorporated. The incorporated N-acetylgalactosamine residues were shown to be in
      alpha linkage to polypeptide, and galactose incorporation represented synthesis
      of the galactosyl-(beta 1 leads to 3)-N-acetylgalactosamine sequence linked to
      polypeptide. The major endogenous protein labelled by either sugar had a
      molecular weight of approximately 80 000. A BHK-cell-associated glycoprotein,
      analogous to the urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein of molecular weight similar
      to the major endogenous acceptor of glycosylation, was not glycosylated in the
      experiments in vitro.

PMID- 6420157
TI  - The calcium paradox and its protection by hypothermia in human myocardium.
AB  - The 'calcium paradox', i.e. irreversible loss of mechanical and electrical
      activity after a few minutes Ca2+-free perfusion and subsequent reperfusion with
      Ca2+-containing medium, was originally demonstrated in rat heart and later in
      other homoiotherms. It was absent in poikilotherms. The present paper describes
      the effect of Ca2+-free superfusion on human myocardium at normo- and hypothermia
      using isometrically mounted, stimulated strips from auricular tissue excised
      during cardiac surgery. The experiments (including equilibration period) were
      performed at 37 degrees C, 30 degrees or 25 degrees C. When Ca2+-free and EGTA
      containing solution was introduced the force decline started immediately. After
      10 min Ca2+-containing medium was reintroduced. Force recovery within 40 min was
      at 37 degrees C 16% and at 30 degrees C 28% of initial force value. Force
      recovery in 25 degrees C group was substantially better. Contracture which
      occurred when Ca2+-containing solution was reintroduced was very strong at 37
      degrees C (+ 102%) and weaker at lower temperatures (30 degrees C +48% and 25
      degrees C +17%). The extent of loss of mechanical activity and of contracture
      following the period of Ca2+-free superfusion give evidence that calcium paradox
      can be provoked in human myocardium and can be prevented by hypothermia.

PMID- 6420156
TI  - The effect of EDTA and related chelating agents on the oxidation of methanol by
      the methylotrophic bacterium, Methylophilus methylotrophus.
AB  - The effects of EDTA and related metal-chelating agents on the respiratory system
      of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus have been
      investigated. EDTA completely inhibited whole cell methanol oxidase activity and
      concomitantly decreased the aerobic steady-state reduction level of cytochrome c,
      but only partially inhibited methanol dehydrogenase activity. Analysis of the
      inhibition kinetics of EDTA and other chelating agents on methanol oxidase
      activity indicated that they were effective in the order CDTA greater than EDTA
      greater than HEDTA greater than EGTA greater than EDDA, and that they inhibited
      in an uncompetitive manner. Inhibition by EDTA varied as a function of the
      ambient cell mass in the assay, and could be partly reversed by the addition of
      divalent cations. EDTA had no effect on the activity of solubilised methanol
      dehydrogenase. These and other results indicate that EDTA binds a divalent metal
      ion, probably Mg2+, which is involved in the functional association of methanol
      dehydrogenase with the respiratory membrane. This concept is discussed in terms
      of the electron transfer properties and spatial organisation of the terminal
      respiratory chain of M. methylotrophus.

PMID- 6420158
TI  - Focal tuberculous meningoencephalitis.
AB  - Tuberculous meningitis was diagnosed in a 16-year-old patient with symptoms and
      signs of a space-occupying process of the right hemisphere. Cranial computed
      tomography demonstrated focal encephalitis of the right temporoparietal region.
      The case reminds that tuberculous meningitis can present itself under uncommon
      neurologic syndromes and should, even in the presence of such unusual findings,
      be considered with a high index of suspicion.

PMID- 6420159
TI  - The measurement of tamoxifen and metabolites in the rat and relationship to the
      response of DMBA-induced mammary tumours.
AB  - The concentrations of tamoxifen and two of its metabolites, N-desmethyltamoxifen
      and 4'-hydroxytamoxifen (metabolite B), have been measured in rat plasma and DMBA
      induced tumours using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At a dose of 100
      micrograms/day all three compounds produced tumour regression and, in the case of
      tamoxifen, the number and extent of regressions and the inhibition of new tumours
      were dependent upon dosage. No correlation was observed, however, between tumour
      regression and the concentrations of tamoxifen or N-desmethyltamoxifen in the
      plasma of individual animals. When tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen and metabolite
      B were measured in oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours a correlation was found
      between reduction in tumour and the tamoxifen concentration in cytosol fractions.
      The concentrations of all three compounds in both nuclear and cytosol fractions
      were higher than could be accounted for by binding to the oestrogen receptor. The
      mechanistic significance of these high values is, at present, unclear.

PMID- 6420160
TI  - Serum galactosyltransferase isoenzymes as markers for solid tumours in humans.
AB  - High resolution agarose isoelectric focusing was used to compare the
      galactosyltransferase isoenzyme patterns of serum from 9 healthy controls with
      those from 38 patients with either breast, lung, ovarian, stomach or colonic
      cancer. At least 12 peaks of enzyme activity were found in every sample, the
      healthy controls having major forms with isoelectric points of 4.74, 4.87, 4.96,
      5.16 and 5.23. Thirty patients (79%) had elevated levels of at least one
      isoenzyme and 23 (61%) had at least 3 isoenzymes elevated compared to only 10
      (26%) patients who had elevated total serum galactosyltransferase activity. The
      isoenzymes which were most often elevated in the cancer patient group had
      isoelectric points of 4.93, 5.16 and 4.61. One isoenzyme with an isoelectric
      point of 4.43 was preferentially elevated in patients with ovarian cancer. Those
      isoenzymes containing little or no sialic acid were rarely elevated in cancer
      patients. Although no cancer-associated isoenzyme was detected the quantitative
      differences observed in the cancer patient group were striking.

PMID- 6420161
TI  - Combination chemotherapy and immune capacity in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The effects of chemotherapy with either Chap-5 (a drug regimen consisting of
      adriamycin, cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II), hexamethylmelamine and
      cyclophosphamide) or Hexa CAF (a drug regimen consisting of methotrexate, 5
      fluorouracil, hexamethylmelamine and cyclophosphamide) on the immunocompetence of
      22 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were studied. Both primary and
      secondary humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo were studied. In
      addition, the numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral
      blood were determined, as well as the levels of immunoglobulins and complement
      proteins. Furthermore, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes, cytotoxic T
      cell function, and K- and NK-cell activities were measured. The results indicate
      a depression of the primary humoral immune response in vivo in patients receiving
      Chap-5. Furthermore, a decrease of several parameters in vitro was observed.
      However, these alterations were only moderate and rapidly reversible.

PMID- 6420162
TI  - The appropriate dosage regime for the transition from intravenous lignocaine to
      oral tocainide after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - To define the appropriate regime for the transition from intravenous lignocaine
      to oral tocainide after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, 43 patients
      received lignocaine to steady state. Each patient then received a tocainide
      dosage schedule. Plasma concentration of lignocaine and tocainide was measured
      frequently until the third peak plasma tocainide level. Tocainide 400 mg 8 hourly
      starting 4 h before cessation of lignocaine and tocainide 400 mg 4 hourly
      starting at the end of the infusion produced therapeutic plasma tocainide
      concentration (3.5-9 mg/l) only after the second dose. Tocainide 600 mg 12 hourly
      starting 6 h before cessation of lignocaine and tocainide 600 mg 6 hourly
      starting at the end of the infusion quickly achieved therapeutic plasma tocainide
      concentration which declined to give subtherapeutic first dose troughs of 2.42
      mg/l (+/- 0.28 SEM) and 2.79 mg/l (+/- 0.27 SEM) respectively. Consistently
      therapeutic plasma tocainide concentrations were achieved by both of these
      regimens after the second dose. The short plasma half-life of lignocaine which
      for these regimes was 3.71 h (+/- 0.25 SEM), resulted in subtherapeutic
      lignocaine concentrations before consistently therapeutic plasma tocainide
      concentrations had been achieved. On the basis of these results, the 600 mg 6
      hourly tocainide dosage schedule was studied with cessation of lignocaine
      infusion either two or six h after the first tocainide dose. With the former
      regime only three of 5 patients had therapeutic lignocaine at the subtherapeutic
      tocainide trough.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420163
TI  - Protein binding of enprofylline.
AB  - The protein binding of enprofylline, 3-propylxanthine, in plasma was studied by
      equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration under various experimental conditions. A
      limited comparison with theophylline was also undertaken. The mean fraction of
      enprofylline bound in human plasma at 20 degrees C was 47.3 +/- 1.1% (SD), which
      was only 2% less than theophylline. The binding of the two drugs increased
      dramatically in the pH range 7.2 to 7.8, as reported previously for theophylline.
      Reasonable agreement was found between equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration,
      but the latter technique proved impractical, because pH control was difficult to
      achieve. A pronounced species difference in the binding of enprofylline was
      found. At pH 7.4 an almost constant level of binding of 57% in dog and 81% in rat
      was found up to 2.10(-5) M (approx. 4 mg/l). Corresponding values in human and
      monkey plasma were 47 and 48%, respectively, up to 10(-4) M (approx. 20 mg/l).

PMID- 6420164
TI  - Pharmacological interaction between nitroglycerin and aspirin after acute and
      chronic aspirin treatment of healthy subjects.
AB  - The interaction between nitroglycerin (NTG) and aspirin was investigated in 7
      healthy subjects in order to test whether aspirin could block the haemodynamic
      response to NTG; the doses used were NTG 0.8 mg, and aspirin 0.5 g for chronic
      and 1 g for acute treatment. The plasma levels of NTG and various physiological
      parameters (heart rate, diastolic arterial pressure, end diastolic diameter, and
      end systolic diameter) were measured during the 30 minutes after the
      administration of NTG. An increase in NTG Cmax and AUC was observed after both
      aspirin treatment. The changes in physiological parameters produced by NTG were
      enhanced by the two treatments, although the differences were not statistically
      significant. The results indicate complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
      interactions between NTG and aspirin.

PMID- 6420165
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tocainide in patients with combined hepatic and renal
      dysfunction.
AB  - The disposition of tocainide following an i.v. infusion of tocainide HCl 100 mg
      was studied in 6 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (ascites) and renal
      dysfunction. In one patient with active hepatic necrosis the terminal plasma half
      life was 57.4, and in the others the half life ranged from 16.0 to 29.0 h. The
      increase in half-life was correlated with biochemical evidence of renal
      dysfunction, but not with individual tests of hepatic function. Non-renal
      clearance of tocainide was similar to values reported previously in healthy
      subjects and patients with acute myocardial infarction. The apparent volume of
      distribution of tocainide was increased and the pattern of distribution was
      abnormal in some patients, as plasma concentrations increased after an initial
      fall and the elevated concentrations then persisted for several hours. This
      abnormality appeared to be most marked in patients with the greatest degree of
      liver dysfunction.

PMID- 6420166
TI  - The effect of antigen on the development of Peyer's patches in sheep.
AB  - The proposition that the development of Peyer's patches (PP) is influenced by
      antigenic stimulation has been examined in sheep. Terminal lengths of ileum
      containing about half of the ileocecal PP were isolated from the intestinal
      tracts of fetal lambs during the last month before birth. Antigen was injected
      into some of these segments and the subsequent development of the PP studied
      before and after birth. The injection of either killed B. abortus, ferritin or
      maternal colostrum into the lumens of the isolated ileal segments did not cause
      premature growth of the PP follicles, nor did it effect the content of
      lymphoblasts in them. In contrast, the injection of these antigens into the
      isolated segments caused the development of germinal centers and plasma cells in
      the regional mesenteric lymph nodes. Plasma cells also appeared in the lamina
      propria along the intestinal tract in response to these antigens. These results
      provided experimental evidence that lymphopoiesis in the follicles of the PP of
      fetal lambs is not dependent on antigen. The PP in ileal segments that were not
      injected with antigen and had no contact with antigen subsequently grew at the
      normal rate before and for the first 2 weeks after birth; after this the growth
      of the follicles became significantly slower than normal. The follicles in these
      isolated ileal segments had almost completely disappeared by 3-4 months of age,
      whereas the follicles in the normal functional ileum did not undergo involution
      until around 15 months of age. The premature involution in the PP in the isolated
      segments was prevented by reconnecting the segment to the functional intestinal
      tract before 3 months of age.

PMID- 6420167
TI  - The regulation of macrophage activity in congenitally athymic mice.
AB  - It has been suggested that non-T cell-mediated cellular immune mechanisms might
      be elevated in nude mice, which could contribute to their partial resistance to
      intracellular infectious agents and to the development of spontaneous tumors. In
      this study we have examined macrophages (M phi) from athymic, euthymic and
      athymic T cell-reconstituted mice in terms of their phagocytic capacity,
      microbicidal and tumoricidal activity, and the production of hydrogen peroxidase
      and superoxide anions. These studies have demonstrated the presence of activated
      M phi in nude mice and suggest that this activation is associated with the
      absence of T cell-mediated suppression. We have also compared M phi activation
      levels in germ-free nude mice which have received a defined intestinal bacterial
      flora. We have found M phi activity to be significantly elevated in
      microbiologically defined nude mice when compared to germ-free nude mice,
      indicating that a resistant gut flora is capable of nonspecifically stimulating
      nude mouse M phi.

PMID- 6420168
TI  - Pure interferon gamma enhances class II HLA antigens on human monocyte cell
      lines.
AB  - Human recombinant interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) with a chemical purity of over 90%
      was shown to enhance membrane expression of HLA-DR antigens on cells from 3 human
      myelomonocytic lines (HL-60, U-937 and THP-1). Immunofluorescence techniques
      using a series of anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies showed that the low, although
      variable, levels of DR-positive cells were clearly enhanced as soon as 24 h after
      incubation with IFN-gamma. Only IFN-gamma was able to exert this effect, since
      incubation with high concentrations of IFN-alpha or -beta did not induce any
      significant modification of the percentage of HLA-DR-positive cells. In contrast,
      doses of IFN-gamma as low as 2 units were effective, indicating a highly
      preferential, apparently selective effect of IFN-gamma for enhancement of HLA-DR
      expression. Private class II antigen expression was also enhanced by IFN-gamma on
      the U-937 cell line. Through its enhancing effect on class II public and private
      HLA antigens on the membrane of human monocytes, the IFN-gamma lymphokine may
      have a critical role in the modulation of antigen presentation by monocytes and
      on the regulation of HLA-DR-restricted cell cooperation.

PMID- 6420169
TI  - The Ia-1 gene effects T-B cell collaboration for the in vitro antibody response.
AB  - The I-A subregion mutant B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) and the C57BL/6 parent were used to
      examine the role of the Ia-1 gene product as a restriction element in the
      antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Using an in vitro culture
      system, it was shown that cooperation between histocompatible T cells, B cells
      and macrophages was required to generate a secondary IgM response to SRBC. The
      alteration in the Ia-1 gene in bm12 altered the ability of bm12 T cells to
      collaborate with C57BL/6 B cells, but not with C57BL/6 macrophages. Similarly,
      C57BL/6 T cells could not collaborate with bm12 B cells. The mutation in bm 12
      did not affect the ability of T cells to interact with C57Bl/6 macrophages,
      either in vitro or in vivo, or of bm12 macrophages to interact with C57BL/6T
      cells. Thus in this system, the Ia-1 gene product restricts T-B cell interaction
      but not T cell-macrophage interaction.

PMID- 6420170
TI  - Effect of cloned interferon-gamma on expression of H-2 and Ia antigens on cell
      lines of hemopoietic, lymphoid, epithelial, fibroblastic and neuronal origin.
AB  - Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tested in the form of the product of a cloned
      murine IFN-gamma gene, was found to increase the expression of H-2 antigens on
      cultured cell lines of a wide variety of cell types including factor-dependent
      hemopoietic cells, pre-B and B cells, macrophages, T cells, mast cells and cell
      lines of epithelial, fibroblastic and neuronal origin. However, IFN-gamma induced
      Ia antigens on only B cells, macrophages and T-dependent mast cells or persisting
      cells. On the basis of these results, we suggest that a major function of IFN
      gamma is to potentiate immune responses by enhancing the expression of H-2 and Ia
      antigens on a variety of cell types.

PMID- 6420171
TI  - Toad (Bufo paracnemius) mast cell degranulation by compound 48/80 and by
      chlorpromazine: a non-lytic process.
AB  - Toad mast cells are degranulated by compound 48/80 and by chlorpromazine. The
      former was effective at rather high (100 micrograms/ml) and the latter at low
      (0.1 mM) concentrations. Toad mast cell degranulation induced by these drugs was
      characterized by cytoplasmic granule dissolution without cell lysis. The
      metabolic inhibitor, dinitrophenol, blocked the degranulation induced by both
      agents. Glucose reversed the inhibition of compound 48/80-induced degranulation.
      The results indicate that toad mast cell degranulation by compound 48/80 and by
      chlorpromazine is a non-lytic process.

PMID- 6420172
TI  - Newly administered [3H]retinol is transferred from hepatocytes to stellate cells
      in liver for storage.
AB  - We have recently shown that newly administered vitamin A (retinol) is initially
      taken up by the parenchymal cells of the liver, and subsequently (within 1-2 h)
      transferred to non-parenchymal liver cells (NPC) (Blomhoff et al., ref. [10]). In
      the present study we have separated the NPC by different methods to determine the
      cell type responsible for this uptake of [3H]retinol. When liver cells were
      prepared between 5 and 18 h after intraduodenal administration of [3H]retinol,
      the radioactive retinol was recovered mainly in the stellate cells. Other liver
      cells (i.e., hepatocytes, endothelial cells and Kupffer cells) contained only
      small amounts of [3H]retinol. Further, fluorescence microscopy studies indicated
      that stellate cells contain large quantities of retinol. Our results show that
      newly administered [3H]retinol, which is initially located in the hepatocytes, is
      transferred to the stellate cells and stored there.

PMID- 6420173
TI  - A proteoglycan fraction isolated from the EDTA extract of sea urchin
      (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) gastrulae stimulates reaggregation of dissociated
      embryonic cells.
AB  - A sulfated proteoglycan fraction was prepared from mid-gastrulae Hemicentrotus
      pulcherrimus by chromatographing the EDTA extract of embryos on DEAE-cellulose
      and then on Sepharose 6B. A peak fraction (with MW greater than 10(6] of the
      Sepharose eluates stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner the
      reaggregation of cells dissociated from Hemicentrotus blastulae by EDTA
      treatment, the activity being detected at a concentration of as low as 5.8
      micrograms protein per ml or 2.5 micrograms fucose per ml. The proteoglycan
      fraction appeared to contain sulfated fucan and glycosaminoglycan chains linked
      to a common protein. The glycan moiety obtained by digesting the fraction with
      protease failed to stimulate the cellular reaggregation.

PMID- 6420174
TI  - O-glycosidic linkage in glycoprotein isolates from human ocular mucus.
AB  - Alkaline beta-elimination and sodium borohydride reduction were used to study the
      O-glycosidic linkage of N-acetylgalactosamine to seryl and threonyl residues in
      the high molecular weight crude glycoprotein fractions isolated from human ocular
      mucus. Pure mucins, BSM and OSM, were used as models. Data are presented for the
      existence of such O-glycosidic linkages. It was estimated from sodium borohydride
      reaction that at least 22% of the total peptide bonded hydroxyamino acid residues
      are linked O-glycosidically. These findings, as a continuation of our previous
      work on the isolation and chemical characterization of human ocular mucus,
      provided additional evidence of the mucin nature of the glycoprotein isolates.

PMID- 6420175
TI  - Stromal damage in rabbit corneas exposed to CO2 laser radiation.
AB  - Threshold damage to the cornea from CO2 lasers is confined to the epithelium.
      Exposures well above the threshold for epithelial damage produce bowl-shaped
      stromal wounds. Light and electron microscopy and slit-lamp photographs all show
      a sharp demarcation between the damaged and undamaged regions 48 hr after
      exposure. The micrographs also show that the damaged region is accellular.
      Calculations of the expected temperature increases combined with analyses of slit
      lamp photographs show that the wound boundary corresponds to a surface of equal
      peak temperature increase. Comparisons with epithelial and endothelial damage
      conditions suggest that stromal, endothelial and epithelial cells have
      essentially the same thermal damage mechanism.

PMID- 6420176
TI  - Age-related decline in lysosomal enzyme release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      after N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine stimulation.
AB  - Aging is assumed to decrease lysosomal enzyme release from polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMN). A synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) was utilized to stimulate enzyme release of PMN from
      45 human subjects, 21 males and 24 females, ranging in age from 22-83 yr old.
      Results of the studies showed no sex differences in the stimulation of enzyme
      release for either age group. However, stimulation was found to significantly
      decline in both males and females over 50 yr old compared to subjects under 50 yr
      old. The linear formulae for beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and lysozyme
      in male subjects were Y = 6.5X + 617.2, Y = -1.9X + 311.5 and Y = -1.9X + 327.3
      with correlation coefficient of -0.685, -0.352 and -0.401, respectively. The
      linear formulae in females were Y = -5.2X + 536.6, Y = -3.0X + 340.6 and Y = 
      1.7X + 333.6 with correlation coefficient of -0.582, -0.303 and -0.462,
      respectively. These findings suggest that there was an age-related decline of
      response to the stimulant, fMet-Leu-Phe.

PMID- 6420177
TI  - Bilateral diffuse pulmonary ectopic ossification after marrow allograft in a dog.
      Evidence for allotransplantation of hemopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells.
AB  - In light of recent studies showing successful transplantation of both bony and
      stromal elements by marrow transplantation, we report an unexpected phenomenon
      occurring in a canine radiation chimera. Nine hundred fifty-six days after a
      successful and uneventful DLA-matched marrow allograft, a dog suddenly died of
      respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed extensive ossification of the lungs with
      multiple sites of trilineage marrow engraftment. The entire complement of bony
      elements can apparently be allografted using marrow grafting techniques.

PMID- 6420178
TI  - Parenteral nutrition in marrow transplant recipients after discharge from the
      hospital.
AB  - The use of parenteral nutrition (PN) following discharge from the hospital and
      its relation to patient characteristics were evaluated retrospectively in 246
      marrow transplant recipients. PN was used in 65% of all patients. Patients with
      leukemia, regardless of age, sex, type of leukemia, remission status, irradiation
      schedule, laminar air flow isolation and donor sex match, required more frequent
      and more prolonged PN than patients with aplastic anemia. Children required PN
      most often for failure to thrive and adults for stomatitis. There was no
      significant difference in frequency or duration of PN among 24 patients with
      acute myelogenous leukemia randomized to receive cyclosporine or methotrexate
      therapy and among 28 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia randomized to
      interferon or no interferon. We conclude that outpatient PN presents a valuable
      addition to posttransplant supportive care. It shortens the duration of
      hospitalization both by earlier discharge of patients still requiring PN and by
      avoiding readmission to the hospital for the purpose of PN.

PMID- 6420179
TI  - Local application of calcium-modulating agents to a crushed goldfish optic nerve
      modifies visual recovery.
AB  - The effects of various Ca2+-modulating agents on regeneration in the optic nerve
      of goldfish were determined by assaying recovery of visual function. One to three
      daily applications of the agents were made at the site of an optic nerve crush
      beginning within 3 days after the lesion. Application of calcium ionophore A
      23187 significantly shortened the time required for reappearance of the startle
      reaction to a bright light. Some shortening of recovery time was also observed
      with application of high-Ca2+ Ringer's solution. A significant effect was
      obtained with 1% and 6% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). When A-23187 was combined with
      DMSO, a further enhancement was seen if the original DMSO effect had been weak,
      whereas a strong DMSO effect was reduced in the presence of A-23187. The effect
      of DMSO alone or DMSO in combination with A-23187 was blocked by the calcium
      chelating agent EGTA. These results indicated that increased entry of Ca2+ into
      the regenerating axons or supporting cells may be responsible for the enhanced
      rate of recovery. There was no histologic evidence that the faster recovery was
      due to accelerated axon outgrowth, but the packing density of the regenerating
      axons was increased. We postulate that the recovery-enhancing agents may act by
      promoting axonal interactions leading to the reestablishment of the correct
      retinal projection, or by facilitating the function of the regenerating synaptic
      terminals.

PMID- 6420180
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: synchronization of asexual development with aphidicolin, a
      DNA synthesis inhibitor.
AB  - The asexual development cycle of Plasmodium falciparum, a malarial parasite of
      humans, has been synchronized in culture by treating ring-stage parasites with
      aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Optimization of both the
      concentration of drug added to ring stage containing red blood cells and the
      duration of exposure of parasites to drug led to a reversible block of their
      maturation at the early trophozoite stage. Release of the aphidicolin block led
      to a synchronous development of parasites that was manifested by about 80% of the
      new ring stages being produced within a 2- to 3-hr interval.

PMID- 6420181
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii: growth in ovine fetal kidney cell cultures.
AB  - Serial, in vitro passage of Toxoplasma gondii (Rh strain) was successfully
      performed in a cell line derived from ovine fetal kidney cells. Invasion of this
      parasite into the kidney cells was easily discernible 1 hr after inoculation. The
      subsequent proliferation of the parasite was followed in the cytoplasm of the
      kidney cells. Very active endodyogeny and rosette formations, as many as 13 in a
      cell, were observed in the cytoplasm of the kidney cells 48 hr postinoculation.
      After 96 hr of incubation, the parasite population had increased about 132-fold.
      The virulence of T. gondii against mice was not attenuated after 2 years of in
      vitro growth which represented 100 serial passages through the kidney cell
      cultures. Although no "exotoxin" was produced by T. gondii grown in vitro, a
      Toxoplasma sp. agar gel immunodiffusion test antigen was isolated from the cell
      free supernatant fluid of the kidney cell cultures which was identical to an
      antigen isolated from "toxogenic" organisms harvested from infected mice.

PMID- 6420183
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of gold in macrophages and mast cells exposed to
      aurothioglucose.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of gold in resting, stimulated, and activated
      mouse peritoneal cells exposed in vivo and in vitro to aurothioglucose was
      examined by a photochemical technique. Activated macrophages from herpes simplex
      virus type 2 infected mice showed the heaviest accumulation of gold, located in
      phagolysosomes. Gold was also visualized in granules of mast cells and in nuclei
      of disintegrated cells. No gold was found in polymorphonuclear leucocytes and in
      lymphocytes. The mechanism by which gold is taken up into the cells is discussed.

PMID- 6420182
TI  - Inhibition of tumor promotion by a lecanoric acid analogue.
AB  - 3',5'-Dichloro-2,4'-dihydroxybenzanilide, an inhibitor of histidine
      decarboxylase, inhibited skin tumor promotion induced by 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in mice.

PMID- 6420184
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium has
      been determined. The enzyme consists of 4 identical subunits, each containing 262
      amino acid residues. Its structure was established using manual Edman degradation
      procedures after modification of the enzyme in the native form with reagents
      specific to the amino acids histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan and lysine in order
      to identify residues involved in catalysis or located in the subunit binding
      area.

PMID- 6420185
TI  - 'Molten-globule' state accumulates in carbonic anhydrase folding.
AB  - Kinetics of folding and unfolding of bovine carbonic anhydrase B were monitored
      by circular dichroism, viscometry and esterase activity. It was shown that
      kinetic intermediate states accumulating in folding process reveal a native-like
      compactness and secondary structure but have a symmetrized average environment of
      aromatic side groups and no esterase activity. These properties allow one to
      consider these intermediate states as the 'molten-globule' state of a protein
      molecule previously described by us for several equilibrium forms of bovine and
      human alpha-lactalbumins and bovine carbonic anhydrase B.

PMID- 6420186
TI  - Extended superfamily of short alcohol-polyol-sugar dehydrogenases: structural
      similarities between glucose and ribitol dehydrogenases.
AB  - The recently determined primary structure of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus
      megaterium was scanned by computerized comparisons for similarities with known
      polyol and alcohol dehydrogenases. The results revealed a highly significant
      similarity between this glucose dehydrogenase and ribitol dehydrogenase from
      Klebsiella aerogenes. Sixty-one positions of the 262 in glucose dehydrogenase are
      identical between these two proteins (23% identity), fitting into a homology
      alignment for the complete polypeptide chains. The extent of similarity is
      equivalent to that between other highly divergent but clearly related
      dehydrogenases (two zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases, 25%; sorbitol and
      zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases, 25%; ribitol and non-zinc-containing
      alcohol dehydrogenases, 20%), and suggests an ancestral relationship between
      glucose and ribitol dehydrogenases from different bacteria . The similarities fit
      into a previously suggested evolutionary scheme comprising short and long alcohol
      and polyol dehydrogenases, and greatly extend the former group to one composed of
      non-zinc-containing alcohol-polyol-glucose dehydrogenases.

PMID- 6420187
TI  - Novel inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and III by carbamoyl
      phosphate.
AB  - Carbamoyl phosphate has been shown to inhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CA
      I, CA II and CA III. This physiologically important molecule is the most potent,
      naturally occurring inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase yet found. It is also unique,
      among carbonic anhydrase inhibitors discovered hitherto, in that it inhibits the
      3 isozymes with equal effect, despite their strikingly different properties. The
      results imply the participation of carbonic anhydrase in the regulation of
      substrate availability for the urea cycle.

PMID- 6420188
TI  - Guanosine triphosphate catabolism in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficient
      human B lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - GTP catabolism induced by sodium azide or deoxyglucose was studied in purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficient human B lymphoblastoid cells. In PNP
      deficient cells, as in control cells, guanylate was both dephosphorylated and
      deaminated but dephosphorylation was the major pathway. Only nucleosides were
      excreted during GTP catabolism by PNP deficient cells and the main product was
      guanosine. The level of nucleoside excretion was largely affected by
      intracellular orthophosphate (Pi) level. In contrast, normal cells excreted
      nucleosides only at low Pi level while at high Pi levels, purine bases (guanine
      and hypoxanthine) were exclusively excreted. PNP deficiency had no effect on the
      extent of GMP deamination.

PMID- 6420189
TI  - Inhibition of glycogenolysis by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - 2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol, an analog of D-fructofuranose, inhibited basal and
      glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis and glucose production in hepatocytes isolated
      from fed rats. Glucose formation from galactose was unaffected by the inhibitor.
      2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol-1-phosphate inhibits phosphorylase alpha with a Ki value
      of 2.4 mM. This same phosphorylated metabolite accumulates to the extent of 9.2
      mumol/g wet wt in treated hepatocytes suggesting that phosphorolysis is the locus
      of the inhibition of glucose production from glycogen. Our results suggest that
      2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol can be used to produce a model of hereditary fructose
      intolerance and that it merits further study as a hypoglycemic agent.

PMID- 6420190
TI  - Mobilization of arachidonic acid between diacyl and ether phospholipids in rabbit
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The metabolism of 20:4 (arachidonic acid) in alkenylacyl, alkylacyl and diacyl
      lipid classes in choline glycerophospholipids (CGP) and ethanolamine
      glycerophospholipids (EGP) in rabbit alveolar macrophages was examined. [3H]20:4
      was very rapidly incorporated into diacyl glycerophosphocholine (GPC). After the
      removal of free 20:4, the radioactivity was gradually lost from diacyl GPC.
      Concomitantly, the radioactivities in alkylacyl GPC and alkenylacyl
      glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) were increased, indicating that 20:4 was
      mobilized from diacyl GPC to alkylacyl GPC and alkenylacyl GPE. The mobilization
      was considered to be a 20:4-specific event. The gradual accumulation of 20:4 in
      ether phospholipids leads to a high abundance of 20:4 in these lipids. These
      results suggest metabolic relationships between 20:4 and ether phospholipids,
      including platelet-activating factor (PAF).

PMID- 6420191
TI  - Platelet aggregating activity of lysophosphatidic acids is not related to their
      calcium ionophore properties.
AB  - The calcium ionophore properties of A23187 and of two lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)
      analogs (1-palmitoyl- and 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or P-GPA and H-GPA,
      respectively) were compared using platelet membrane vesicles loaded with 45Ca.
      Half maximal effect (HME) was obtained at 5 microM and 10 microM for H-GPA and P
      GPA, respectively, against 0.7 microM for A23187, which released 2 times more Ca.
      The three compounds also induced platelet aggregation with a HME at 0.5 microM,
      0.3 microM and 0.01 microM for A23187, P-GPA and H-GPA, respectively. The clear
      dissociation between the two effects appearing for both LPA raises some doubt
      about the general idea that (lyso) PA participate in cell activation through
      their calcium ionophore properties.

PMID- 6420192
TI  - Effects of proteolysis on the actions of monovalent cations and 1-O-octadecyl-2-O
      acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine on platelet adenylate cyclase.
AB  - NaCl stimulated the adenylate cyclase activities of human and rabbit platelet
      particulate fractions prepared in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N',-tetraacetate, but inhibited the activities of
      particulate fractions proteolysed by endogenous Ca2+-activated protease or
      treatment with alpha-chymotrypsin. Studies with other monovalent cations showed
      that LiCl had weak effects similar to those of NaCl, whereas KCl inhibited the
      enzyme in both proteolysed and non-proteolysed preparations. The results suggest
      that NaCl exerts stimulatory and inhibitory effects through different sites. NaCl
      potentiated and proteolysis greatly reduced the inhibition of platelet adenylate
      cyclase by 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet
      activating factor).

PMID- 6420193
TI  - Stability of (2'-5')oligoriboadenylates in various sera.
AB  - Avian and mammalian sera were found to contain an enzyme activity degrading 2-5A
      oligonucleotides. The most extensive degradation of the A2' p5' A was observed in
      chicken serum. Degradation of this compound is not affected by the presence of
      cAMP, dsRNA, Mg2+, but is significantly inhibited by EDTA. The enzyme activity
      described is not inactivated by heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min. The 5-mU3'
      p5' A has also been degraded in chicken serum.

PMID- 6420194
TI  - The amino acid sequence of two small ribosomal proteins from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - The low-Mr proteins (tentatively called protein I and II) were purified from 2 M
      NaCl extracts of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome. Their amino acid
      sequences have been determined from the peptides obtained by digestion with
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin, and by cleavage with CNBr, using the micro
      DABITC/PITC double-coupling method [FEBS Lett. (1978) 93, 205-214]. Protein I
      contains 56 residues and has an Mr of 6514. Protein II had 37 residues with an Mr
      of 4361. The amino acid sequence of protein I shows significant similarity to L32
      from E. coli, whereas that of protein II is slightly, if at all, related to
      ribosomal protein L34 from E. coli.

PMID- 6420195
TI  - Interaction of trifluoperazine with Tetrahymena calmodulin. A 19F NMR study.
AB  - We have used 19F NMR to study interactions of trifluoperazine (TFP), a potent
      calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, with Tetrahymena calmodulin (Tet. CaM). Changes in
      chemical shift and bandwidth of TFP caused by adding Tet. CaM in the presence of
      excess Ca2+ were much smaller than those by adding porcine CaM. The spectral
      features of the TFP-Tet. CaM solution in the presence of excess Ca2+ were quite
      similar to those of the TFP-porcine CaM solution in the absence of Ca2+. The
      exchange rate of TFP from Tet. CaM was estimated to be nearly 20 s-1. The TFP
      Tet. CaM solution in the absence of Ca2+ showed a pronounced pH dependence of the
      19F NMR chemical shift, whereas the solution in the presence of excess Ca2+
      showed a smaller pH dependence. Thus, it was suggested that TFP is located near a
      hydrophilic region of the Tet. CaM molecule in the absence of Ca2+, while TFP is
      located near a hydrophobic region of the Tet. CaM in the presence of excess Ca2+.

PMID- 6420196
TI  - The role of arachidonic acid in vasogenic brain edema.
AB  - Arachidonic acid is released rapidly from cellular membrane phospholipids after
      pathological insults associated with the delayed development of brain edema.
      Intracerebral injection of arachidonic acid caused significant increases in brain
      water and sodium content with decreases in potassium content and Na+,K+-ATPase
      activity. The 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin spaces in brain (a measure of
      blood-brain barrier permeability) rose threefold 24 h after arachidonic acid
      injection. There was gross and microscopic evidence of edema. Saturated fatty
      acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were not effective. These data indicate
      that the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier are target sites for the
      action of arachidonic acid. It is hypothesized that the increased permeability of
      endothelial cells to macromolecules and water results from alterations of
      membrane phospholipids and increased vesicular transport, changes that are
      responsible for the delayed development of vasogenic edema.

PMID- 6420197
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity. An overview.

PMID- 6420198
TI  - Blockade of the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in monkeys: a
      nonsteroidal, antigenic factor in porcine follicular fluid.
AB  - That both follicular fluid extracts and ovarian hyperstimulation block estrogen
      induced gonadotropin surges in primates has been established. In the present
      study, the differential actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and
      estradiol benzoate (E2B) on bioassayable LH (BIO-LH) secretion in the presence of
      a porcine follicular fluid (pFF) extract were assessed. Further, the inherent
      immunogenicity of the follicular fluid factor(s) that block estrogen-induced
      surges was examined. In castrated monkeys, administration of Florisil/charcoal
      extracted pFF did not affect BIO-LH secretion induced by exogenous GnRH, although
      the pFF extract abolished E2B-induced BIO-LH surges. In monkeys given pFF
      chronically (for 6 to 8 months), immune responses capable of neutralizing the
      inhibitory actions of pFF on the E2B-induced BIO-LH surges developed. In these
      pFF-immunized monkeys, the BIO-LH surge induced by an E2B challenge was restored
      despite concurrent pFF injections.

PMID- 6420200
TI  - Cervical mucus-related infertility treated by pulsatile administration of
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 6420199
TI  - Etiology of infertility in monkeys with endometriosis: luteinized unruptured
      follicles, luteal phase defects, pelvic adhesions, and spontaneous abortions.
AB  - To elucidate the etiology of infertility due to endometriosis, we autografted
      endometrial or adipose tissue to the pelvic peritoneum of 21 cynomolgus monkeys.
      These primates were divided into five groups: control animals with adipose tissue
      autografts (n = 5), animals with microscopic endometriosis (n = 5), animals with
      mild endometriosis (n = 5), animals with moderate endometriosis (n = 4), and
      animals with severe endometriosis (n = 2). During three subsequent menstrual
      cycles, each animal underwent (1) serial assay of peripheral serum gonadotropins
      and steroids; (2) mating timed according to daily serum 17 beta-estradiol; and
      (3) laparotomy to document an ovulatory stigma. The chemical and term pregnancy
      rates were lower among monkeys with moderate or severe endometriosis, as compared
      with control animals. The impaired fertility in monkeys with endometriosis
      appeared to be mediated primarily by failure of follicular rupture and/or pelvic
      adhesions.

PMID- 6420201
TI  - Management of pelvic endometriosis by means of intraabdominal carbon dioxide
      laser.
AB  - A significant number of patients with severe pelvic endometriosis are at risk of
      developing pelvic adhesions and/or loss of ovarian function. Although numerous
      surgical techniques have been advocated, none has any clear advantage over the
      others. This article presents a new surgical method for conservative management
      of pelvic endometriosis. The CO2 laser, directed via the microscope or the
      freehand piece of the articulated arm, was utilized to vaporize focal endometrial
      implants, to excise endometrial cysts, and to lyse pelvic adhesions in 54
      patients. Fourteen of 23 patients (60.8%) attempting pregnancy have conceived at
      the time of this report. The observed advantages of laser surgery for
      endometriosis are a bloodless field, precision destruction (vaporization),
      precision cutting, and the ability to treat poorly accessible areas.

PMID- 6420202
TI  - Advanced endometrial maturation after ovulation induction with human menopausal
      gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Endometrial biopsy was performed between the first and third luteal phase day in
      22 normally cycling patients following human menopausal gonadotropin and human
      chorionic gonadotropin ovulation induction for in vitro fertilization but in whom
      embryo transfer was not accomplished. Eleven patients showed an "advanced"
      pattern and 10 an "in-phase" endometrium according to the Noyes criteria. A
      significant difference in serum progesterone levels on days 16 and 18 was found
      in these two groups. Serum progesterone levels were significantly higher by day
      18 if pregnancy was established. In in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
      the embryo arrives 24 to 48 hours earlier than in natural conception in the
      endometrial cavity. Therefore, the "advanced" endometrium may have some benefit
      for embryo implantation.

PMID- 6420203
TI  - Ovarian function in amenorrheic and menstruating users of a levonorgestrel
      releasing intrauterine device.
AB  - The ovarian function of 20 healthy users of a levonorgestrel-releasing
      intrauterine device was studied by measurements of plasma estradiol,
      progesterone, and levonorgestrel concentrations. Eight subjects were amenorrheic,
      and 12 had regular menstrual bleeding. Seventy-five percent of the subjects in
      both groups had ovulatory cycles. There was no difference between the mean
      levonorgestrel concentrations in the amenorrheic and regularly menstruating
      subjects. Estradiol function was undisturbed in the amenorrheic subjects with
      ovulatory cycles. The effect of levonorgestrel as a cause of amenorrhea is
      thought to be mainly of local nature. The intrauterine administration of
      levonorgestrel had only an occasional and weak effect on ovarian function.

PMID- 6420204
TI  - Episodic secretory patterns of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (IR-LH-RH) in the systemic circulation of normal women throughout the
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Using established radioimmunoassays for measuring plasma luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LH-RH) and serum gonadotropins, we studied the secretory
      dynamics of these hormones in eight normal ovulatory women during different
      phases of their menstrual cycle. All of the women demonstrated evidence of
      pulsatile immunoreactive LH-RH (IR-LH-RH) release throughout the cycle, with IR
      LH-RH concentrations fluctuating between 0.5 and 35 pg/ml in the systemic
      circulation. Analysis of IR-LH-RH episodic secretions revealed a significant
      increase of both mean IR-LH-RH concentrations (P less than 0.001) and pulse
      frequency (P less than 0.05) during the periovulatory period. Furthermore, plasma
      IR-LH-RH titers in five normal women studied during the morning and night at mid
      menstrual cycle fluctuated markedly, with slightly greater episodic discharges
      observed during the night than in the morning (P less than 0.05) and no
      significant change in pulse frequency.

PMID- 6420205
TI  - Hyperstimulated human preovulatory follicular fluid contains placental protein 5
      (PP5).
AB  - Placental protein 5 (PP5)-like immunoreactivity was found in 22 of 28 fluids
      aspirated from hyperstimulated preovulatory follicles of women who participated
      in an in vitro fertilization program. When detectable, the PP5 levels varied from
      7 to 67 micrograms/l, which are of the same order of magnitude as those seen in
      pregnancy sera. In gel filtration, the PP5-like immunoreactivity of follicular
      fluid eluted in the same volume as purified human placental PP5; and in
      radioimmunoassay, this substance gave an inhibition curve which was parallel to
      that of the PP5 standard. A positive correlation was observed between the
      follicular fluid concentration of estradiol and PP5 (r = 0.60; P less than
      0.001), but not between the levels of progesterone, testosterone, or follicular
      volume and the PP5 concentration. In light of the protease inhibitor nature of
      PP5, its detection in preovulatory follicular fluid is intriguing in relation to
      its possible role in the rupture of the follicle.

PMID- 6420206
TI  - Long-term monolayer culture of human anterior pituitary cells: functional
      validation of a method.
AB  - This study demonstrates the response of human pituitary cell monolayers to a wide
      variety of hormonal stimuli. Appropriate release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      prolactin (PRL) was used as a verification of cell function. Cells that had been
      in culture for 20 days, with no hormonal additions, were exposed to LH-releasing
      hormone (LH-RH) continuously for 14 days. This resulted in an immediate fivefold
      increase in secretion of LH followed by a depression in LH production over the
      remaining 10-day period. After an 8-day period without hormonal additions, the
      same cultures again demonstrated a threefold increase in response to retreatment
      with LH-RH. In two similar studies, cells that had been in culture for 28 and 31
      days were treated with bromocriptine, pergolide, dopamine, or thyrotropin
      releasing factor (TRF). TRF elicited an increase of PRL in the medium by nearly
      double the control values. The addition of dopamine, pergolide, or bromocriptine
      resulted in a depression of PRL during the treatment period. This study has shown
      that human pituitary cells maintained in long-term monolayer culture respond
      predictably to a wide range of hormonal stimuli.

PMID- 6420207
TI  - Prostaglandins in semen and their relationship to male fertility: a study of 145
      men.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and PGE were measured in 163 semen samples from 145
      men attending our male infertility clinic. In addition, each semen sample was
      analyzed for 13 different fertility parameters. Blood plasma levels of
      testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were also
      determined in many of the patients. The data obtained were then analyzed using
      multiple regression analyses on each PG for all of the parameters studied. The
      results indicate seminal PGF2 alpha and PGE concentrations were 2.78 +/- 0.24
      micrograms/ml and 46.0 +/- 4.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The seminal
      parameters that were significant predictors of seminal PGF2 alpha included: Ca++
      concentration (P less than 0.001), Zn++ concentration (P less than 0.01), and
      percentage of tapered sperm (P less than 0.05). The seminal parameters that were
      significant predictors of seminal PGE included: Ca++ concentration (P less than
      0.01) and sperm motility (P less than 0.05). Plasma testosterone was also a
      significant predictor of seminal PGE (P less than 0.05). These results suggest
      that seminal PGs are important to the human male fertility potential in that
      their levels are significantly interdependent with specific parameters of male
      fertility.

PMID- 6420208
TI  - [Pituitary-thyroid function in patients with Cushing's syndrome--comparative
      study before and after extirpation of adrenal cortex tumor].
AB  - The pituitary-thyroid function and the metabolism of the thyroid hormones in the
      blood were investigated in 19 patients with Cushing's syndrome before and after
      an adrenalectomy, 16 patients had adrenal adenomas and 3 patients had modular
      adrenal hyperplasias. Serum T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, reverse T3 (rT3), TBG and TSH
      were measured in all patients by radioimmunoassay, and changes in serum TSH, PRL
      and HGH following the injection of TRH 500 micrograms in 10 out of 19 patients
      were observed to evaluate the pituitary functions. Serum T4, FT4 and rT3 were
      within normal limits and not significantly changed after the surgical treatment.
      Serum TBG levels in patients before the surgical treatment were also within the
      normal range. After the treatment, a small but significant increase in TBG levels
      was observed. Serum TSH levels were suppressed before the surgery and increased
      after the surgery, but a coefficient of correlation between serum cortisol and
      TSH levels was not statistically significant. The serum T3 levels were abnormally
      low in Cushing's syndrome and increased significantly (p less than 0.001),
      accompanying the normalization of serum cortisol levels, after the surgical
      treatment. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between serum T3 and
      cortisol levels before the treatment (r = -0.586), but it was not statistically
      significant (before the treatment: T3 0.71 +/- 0.04 ng/ml, cortisol 30.2 +/- 2.1
      micrograms/dl, after the treatment: T3 1.58 +/- 0.15 ng/ml, cortisol 7.5 +/- 2.0
      micrograms/dl). To evaluate further the metabolic changes in circulating thyroid
      hormones, T3/T4, T3/rT3, TBG/T4 and TBG/T3 were compared before and after the
      adrenalectomy. Significant decreases in T3/T4 (p less than 0.001) and T3/rT3 (p
      less than 0.05) and a significant increase in TBG/T3 (p less than 0.05) were
      observed before the surgery. On the other hand, TBG/T4 was not significantly
      different before or after the surgery. The TSH response to TRH was significantly
      higher in postoperative patients than in preoperative patients (p less than
      0.05). Before the surgical treatment no responses of serum HGH to TRH were
      observed in any patients, while after the treatment, abnormal increases from 4.5
      +/- 1.4 ng/ml to 10 +/- 1.1 ng/ml at 15 min. after TRH administration were
      observed. There was no difference between PRL response to TRH before or after the
      surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6420209
TI  - [Usefulness of the TRH-T3 test in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism].
AB  - TRH tests (500 micrograms, i.v. bolus) were performed in 15 patients with various
      hypothalamic or pituitary disorders and in 6 control subjects. TSH (highly
      sensitive RIA) and T3 were measured before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. after TRH.
      In 8 out of 15 patients, low circulating thyroid hormone levels were observed,
      but their basal TSH levels were all in the normal range or even higher (0.8 - 5.5
      microU/ml). Further, their integrated TSH responses (38 +/- 21 microU/ml) did not
      differ significantly from those of control group (35 +/- 16 microU/ml). Except
      for 2 cases with hypothalamic hypothyroidism, T3 increments after TRH were found
      consistently lower than 5 ng/dl in these hypothyroid patients. One of them
      revealed significant elevations of T3, T4 and thyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake
      after 5 I.U. x 2 i.m. bovine TSH. In 19 cases studied (2 cases with hypothalamic
      hypothyroidism were omitted), basal T3 levels were found to show quite a good
      correlation (r = 0.738) with T3 increments after TRH. Therefore, TSH values by
      radioimmunoassay in hypothalamo-pituitary disorders were considered not relevant
      to be the levels of a real thyroid stimulator, or they seemed to contain
      biologically inactive moieties. In conclusion, measurement of the TSH level and
      even the TRH-TSH test were found unreliable in diagnosing central hypothyroidism,
      and the TRH-T3 test appeared to give quite useful diagnostic information.

PMID- 6420210
TI  - [Oxidation of hydroxylated aromatic compounds with tyrosinase].

PMID- 6420211
TI  - The human immunoglobulin genes. The nineteenth Colworth medal lecture.

PMID- 6420212
TI  - Oligosaccharide binding to glycogen phosphorylase b.

PMID- 6420213
TI  - Post-marketing surveillance of the Transiderm-Nitro patch in general practice.
AB  - Post-Marketing Surveillance (PMS) of Transiderm-Nitro, a new transdermal form of
      nitroglycerin, was undertaken during the 6 months following its introduction to
      general practitioners in the United Kingdom. Two thousand four hundred and
      seventy-five record forms were received. Excluding the fourteen patients who died
      during the surveillance, treatment in the remaining 2461 was judged as effective
      in 80.6% of patients and was well tolerated, with 70.5% having no unwanted
      effects. The incidences of withdrawal from Transiderm-Nitro in all patients
      analyzed were 5.7% due to headaches, 3.6% due to other unwanted effects and only
      3.1% due to the treatment being judged as ineffective. This PMS confirms that
      Transiderm-Nitro is an effective, well tolerated addition to the therapy of
      angina pectoris.

PMID- 6420214
TI  - Dual origin of glomerular basement membrane.
AB  - The histogenesis of renal basement membranes was studied in grafts of avascular,
      11-day-old mouse embryonic kidney rudiments grown on chick chorioallantoic
      membrane (CAM). Vessels of the chick CAM invade the mouse tissue during an
      incubation period of 7-10 days and eventually hybrid glomeruli composed of mouse
      epithelium and chick endothelium form. Formation of basement membranes during
      this development was followed by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
      stainings using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against mouse and chick
      collagen type IV and against mouse laminin. These antibodies were species
      specific as shown in immunochemical and immunohistologic analyses. The glomerular
      basement membrane contained both mouse and chick collagen type IV, demonstrating
      its dual cellular origin. All other basement membranes were either exclusively of
      chick origin (mesangium, vessels) or of mouse origin (tubuli, Bowman's capsule).

PMID- 6420215
TI  - Phenocritical times in the process of in vitro shoot organogenesis.
AB  - Shoot organogenesis occurs when leaf explants of Convolvulus arvensis are
      cultured on Murashige and Skoog salts, sucrose, vitamins, and 0.05 mg/liter IAA
      with 7.0 mg/liter 2-isopentenyl adenine. Under the influence of this shoot
      inducing medium (SIM), the explants become competent for the organogenic effects
      of SIM and eventually become determined for shoot formation. The induction
      process includes five separate transient sensitivities to inhibitors. Such stage
      specific inhibitions reflect phenocritical times in development rather than
      general metabolic toxicities. The phenocopying agents are tri-iodobenzoic acid
      (TIBA), sorbitol, ribose, ammonium ion, and acetylsalicylic acid. The process of
      in vitro shoot organogenesis from leaf explants is now seen to include a series
      of discrete steps which precede morphological differentiation. An initial
      dedifferentiation process results in the formation of competent callus tissue
      along the cut edges of the explant. Under the influence of the phytohormone
      balance in SIM, shoot organogenic induction proceeds. This process involves a
      time which is sensitive to inhibition by salicylates followed by a time sensitive
      to TIBA which is followed in turn by a time sensitive to sorbitol and culminates
      in cells or groups of cells determined for shoot formation. This process also
      includes a time sensitive to inhibition by ribose, although its place in the
      order of events is not yet firmly assigned. There is also a sensitivity to
      ammonium ion (or lack of nitrate) at or near the time the explant becomes
      determined for shoot production.

PMID- 6420216
TI  - Glucosylation of low-density lipoproteins to an extent comparable to that seen in
      diabetes slows their catabolism.
AB  - In previous studies we have shown that extensive glucosylation of low-density
      lipoproteins (LDL) (40% of lysines modified) completely blocks receptor-mediated
      degradation in animals and in man. Other studies indicated that in some diabetics
      up to 5% of lysine residues of LDL were glucosylated. The present study was done
      to determine if the extent of glucosylation of LDL which can occur in diabetics
      could alter LDL catabolism. We measured degradation by cultured normal human
      fibroblasts and turnover in guinea pigs of various LDLs with 2-17% of lysine
      residues glucosylated. Modification of as few as 2-5% of lysines decreased LDL
      catabolism by 5-25%, and the degree of inhibition of catabolism was linearly
      related to the extent of LDL glucosylation. These results indicate that the
      extent of LDL glucosylation that can occur in diabetes may slow LDL catabolism
      and hence increase plasma LDL levels.

PMID- 6420217
TI  - The effect of estradiol benzoate on the association of 2,4,5,2',4',5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl with rainbow trout plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - The mechanism by which persistent polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are
      redistributed from maternal storage depots to developing oocytes during estrogen
      dependent vitellogenesis in rainbow trout is unknown. Since PCBs have been shown
      to be associated with mammalian plasma lipoproteins, and since estrogens alter
      lipoprotein profiles in fish, the in vitro interaction of 14C-2,4,5,2',4',5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) with lipoproteins was assessed in corn oil- and
      estradiol benzoate (EB)-pretreated sexually immature rainbow trout. Serum was
      collected and pooled, and aliquots were incubated with 0.04 nmoles 6-CB for 48
      hours at 12 degrees C. Lipoproteins were separated by density flotation.
      Radioactivity, as well as, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, phospholipid phosphorus
      and protein content were assessed in each fraction. 6-CB was found to be
      associated with all lipoprotein classes, as well as the protein-rich bottom
      fraction. EB administration resulted in dose-dependent alterations in lipoprotein
      profiles and a shift in 6-CB association from protein and lipoproteins of higher
      density to those of lower density. A significant positive correlation was
      observed between the triacylglycerol or cholesterol content of the fractions and
      the percentage of 6-CB which was distributed in that fraction.

PMID- 6420218
TI  - Comparison of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro[14C]biphenyl levels in different adipose
      tissues of dogs and monkeys.
AB  - The polychlorinated biphenyl isomer, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro[14C]biphenyl
      (2,4,5-HCB) was administered as a single iv dose at 0.6 mg/kg to dogs and
      monkeys. Adipose tissue, which included omentum, pericardial, perirenal,
      peritesticular, and subcutaneous fat, and blood were collected at various
      termination times and analyzed for total 14C and the parent hexachlorobiphenyl
      (HCB). Significant differences (p less than 0.0005) in the total
      hexachlorobiphenyl concentration as measured by total radioactivity (14C
      equivalents) were noted in the various adipose tissues and in the same adipose
      tissues with time. Peritesticular fat was consistently lower in the concentration
      of 14C equivalents than the other adipose tissues, which were nearly equal. The
      concentrations in subcutaneous fat samples were inconsistent. Total 14C
      equivalent concentrations in the adipose tissues either peaked or reached a
      maximum at Day 1 and Day 4 for dog and monkey, respectively. However, parent HCB
      fat/blood ratios continually increased over the time course of the experiment,
      because concentrations in blood decreased more rapidly than those in adipose
      tissue.

PMID- 6420219
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia: therapy with lithium carbonate].

PMID- 6420220
TI  - [Evaluation of a new percutaneous nitroglycerin preparation in effort angina].
AB  - In 10 subjects with constant threshold effort angina ascertained by two bicycle
      exercise tests, the efficacy of a new transdermal preparation of nitroglycerin
      (104 mg) applied once daily was evaluated and compared to that of oral long
      acting isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg every 8 hours). The two drugs were
      administered according to a complete crossover plan. The effectiveness of each
      drug was evaluated by testing the patients before treatment, on the third and on
      the twenty-first hour of treatment. In each case the exercise was continued until
      electrocardiographic signs of ischemia appeared. The total work during treatment
      with transdermal nitroglycerin was significantly higher (average increase greater
      than 44%) than without the drug (1311 +/- 545 Kgm before treatment, 2145 +/- 968
      Kgm at the third hour, 1899 +/- 657 Kgm at the twenty-first hour of treatment).
      Similar results were obtained during treatment with isosorbide dinitrate (1332 +/
      581 Kgm before treatment, 1837 +/- 526 at the third hour, 1869 +/- 570 at the
      twenty-first hour of treatment; average work increase greater than 37%). In
      conclusion, with this new transdermal preparation of nitroglycerin an increased
      work-load can be achieved before ischemia appears. Its beneficial action remains
      constant for 21 hours.

PMID- 6420221
TI  - [Does continuous enteral nutritional deficiencies in digestive system diseases?
      Results of a longitudinal study of 92 consecutive patients treated for 3 to 7
      weeks].
AB  - In order to assess the effectiveness and potential limitations of continuous
      enteral nutrition (CEN) to correct denutrition related to underlying digestive
      diseases, 10 nutritional criteria were measured weekly in 92 under-nourished
      patients fed with CEN for a 3-7 week period. All the patients received a standard
      non-elemental diet providing a mean daily energy intake of 52.8 kcal/kg BW (36.5
      kcal/kg BW by tube feeding and 16.3 kcal/kg BW orally). The influence of
      preexisting intestinal malabsorption, hypercatabolic status, and post-radiation
      or inflammatory bowel disease was studied by an a posteriori classification of
      patients in one of the six following groups: I (no limiting factor), II
      (malabsorption), III (catabolic disease), IV (catabolic disease and
      malabsorption), V (colitis), VI (enteritis). During CEN, 8 patients had transient
      and one had persistent vomiting while 3 developed bronchopneumonia. Gains in body
      weight, triceps skinfold, midarm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index,
      urinary sodium and serum transferrin were significant as early as the 2nd week of
      CEN. Serum albumin and cholesterol, hemoglobin, and total count of lymphocytes
      were not significantly affected. Sixty-five patients (71 per cent) had an
      objective nutritional improvement and mean spontaneous oral intake increased from
      17.8 to 28.7 kcal/kg BW per day. Significant increase of oral intake and
      objective nutritional improvement were observed in each group, but a longer
      period of CEN was necessary to achieve this result in groups II, IV and
      VI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420222
TI  - [Analysis of factors related to length of stay in the hospital in a hepato
      gastroenterology unit].
AB  - Because hospital length of stay is the most important determinant of cost of
      hospitalization, this study was performed to analyse factors contributing to
      hospital length of stay in an hepato-gastroenterology unit. Prospectively
      collected computerized files of the first 750 patients admitted in 1982 were
      analyzed according to primary diagnosis, age and sex. Ten primary diagnosis
      categories were established. By multivariate analysis, alcoholic liver disease
      and the non-digestive diseases correlated best with the hospital length of stay.
      Variables most predictive of an hospital length of stay greater than 14 days were
      diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease, patient age and diagnosis of non-alcoholic
      cirrhosis. Analyses of this kind are essential in making policy decisions
      regarding hospital cost reduction.

PMID- 6420223
TI  - [Endogenous steatorrhea during total parenteral nutrition. Study of 22 patients
      with gastrointestinal diseases].
AB  - Endogenous steatorrhea has only been evaluated in patients with non-pathological
      digestive tract. We decided, therefore, to study this parameter in 22 consecutive
      patients submitted to total parenteral nutrition for severe gastrointestinal
      diseases. The determination of steatorrhea, creatorrhea, and fecal clearance of
      alpha 1-antitrypsin was performed by three days stool collections. After 10 days
      of parenteral nutrition, 13 of the 22 patients still had measurable stool losses
      and 106 fecal collections were done. In these 13 patients, fecal weight was 610
      +/- 130 g.d-1, (mean +/- SEM), steatorrhea was: 3.1 +/- 0.4 g.d-1, creatorrhea
      was: 1.7 +/- 0.6 g.d-1, alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance was: 58 +/- 13 ml.d-1 (N
      less than 10 ml.d-1). The mean endogenous steatorrhea was therefore 5 fold larger
      than normal and creatorrhea 1.8 fold larger than normal. This discrepancy could
      be due to metabolism of nutrients by colonic bacterial flora. The comparison of
      patients with and without increased endogenous losses showed significant
      differences in the mean number of intestinal lesions (1.4 +/- 0.3 versus 0.5 +/-
      0.2) and in the presence or absence of ileal involvement (p less than 0.05). A
      positive correlation was found between steatorrhea and stool weight but not
      between steatorrhea and creatorrhea or fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin.
      This first study of pathological endogenous steatorrhea does not suggest a
      relationship of this parameter with protein losing enteropathy. The main
      contribution to increased endogenous losses may be related to increased
      epithelial cell renewal of the intestine associated with malabsorption. The role
      of bacterial overgrowth in the gut cannot be ruled out by the present data.

PMID- 6420224
TI  - Jejunal diverticulosis with perforation as a complication of Fabry's disease.
AB  - This study presents the case of a patient who had jejunal diverticulosis with
      perforation and abscess formation as a complication of Fabry's disease. Light
      microscopy disclosed glycolipid deposition in the neurons and nerve fibers of the
      intestinal nerve plexuses and smooth muscle. Silver stains of the myenteric
      plexus in the involved segment of the bowel showed enlarged, granular
      argyrophobic neurons and a marked decrease in the number of argyrophilic neurons,
      with those remaining being enlarged and distorted by the cytoplasmic glycolipid
      accumulation. These abnormalities of the myenteric plexus suggest that jejunal
      diverticulosis may be the result of a variety of disorders of the smooth muscle
      or myenteric plexus, or both. We propose that jejunal diverticulosis in our
      patient was a consequence of uncoordinated smooth muscle activity resulting from
      Fabry's involvement of myenteric plexus neurons, with mucosal protrusion through
      the smooth muscle.

PMID- 6420225
TI  - Effects of the dipyridamol-dihydroergotoxine methane sulphonate associations on
      pO2 and its incidence in brain tissue.
AB  - Several groups of rats were treated with dipyridamol and dihydroergotoxine
      methane sulphonate and their association. Their clinical constants were then
      monitored and their brain tissue examined by optical microscopy. This study
      indicates that the association has a remarkable effect on the pO2, maintaining
      the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration, and moreover a vasodilatory
      action, facilitating a better supply of oxygen to the cerebral cells. The results
      show the advantage of these drugs in treating cerebral vascular disease.

PMID- 6420226
TI  - Thermal inactivation of mouse brain monoamine oxidase type A and type B.
AB  - Mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A and type B were incubated at 54
      degrees C and samples removed for up to 60 min, and remaining MAO activity was
      determined. Total MAO activity, type A activity and type B activity all
      disappeared, presumably due to thermal denaturation, in a time-dependent fashion.
      The rate of disappearance of MAO type B was faster than that of type A both at pH
      7.4 and at pH 9.2, though both types denatured faster at the higher pH compared
      to the lower pH.

PMID- 6420227
TI  - Antinociceptive action of sodium valproate in the mouse.
AB  - The antinociceptive action of sodium valproate (VPA) was examined using male NMRI
      mice. Using the hot-plate assay at 60 degrees C, orally-administered VPA (50-400
      mg/kg) produced antinociceptive effects; the ED50 was about 160 mg/kg. Oral doses
      of VPA (6.3-400 mg/kg) decreased the writhing response elicited by
      intraperitoneally-injected acetic acid. The antinociceptive effect of VPA, as
      determined with the writhing test, exhibited complex characteristics, the most
      pronounced effect occurring at doses of 12.5-50 mg/kg. The antinociceptive effect
      of VPA in the writhing test was not antagonized by bicuculline or by naloxone.
      VPA, like other agents which enhance central GABA-ergic mechanisms, might possess
      analgesic activity.

PMID- 6420228
TI  - An analysis of regional constraints on exchange in Drosophila melanogaster using
      recombination-defective meiotic mutants.
AB  - The frequency of crossing over per unit of physical distance varies
      systematically along the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. The regional
      distribution of crossovers in a series of X chromosomes of the same genetic
      constitution, but having different sequences, was compared in the presence and
      absence of normal genetically mediated regional constraints on exchange.
      Recombination was examined in Drosophila melanogaster females homozygous for
      either normal sequence X chromosomes or any of a series of X chromosome
      inversions. Autosomally, these females were either (1) wild type, (2) homozygous
      for one of several recombination-defective meiotic mutations that attenuate the
      normal regional constraints on exchange or (3) heterozygous for the multiply
      inverted chromosome TM2. The results show that the centromere, the telomeres, the
      heterochromatin and the euchromatic-heterochromatic junction do not serve as
      elements that respond to genic determinants of the regional distribution of
      exchanges. Instead, the results suggest that there are several elements sparsely
      distributed in the X chromosome euchromatin. Together with the controlling system
      affected by recombination-defective meiotic mutations, these elements specify the
      regional distribution of exchanges. The results also demonstrate that the
      alteration in the distribution of crossovers caused by inversion heterozygosity
      (the interchromosomal effect) results from the response of a normal controlling
      system to an overall increase in the frequency of crossing over, rather than from
      a disruption of the system of regional constraints on exchange that is disrupted
      by meiotic mutations. The mechanisms by which regional constraints on exchange
      might be established are discussed, as is the possible evolutionary significance
      of this system.

PMID- 6420229
TI  - Spontaneous mutations modifying the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - In a marked-inversion balanced lethal system of the second chromosome of
      Drosophila melanogaster, mutations were accumulated under minimum pressure of
      natural selection in 1000 individual lines that originated essentially from two
      individuals. After about 300 generations, the specific activities of alcohol
      dehydrogenase of 69 randomly selected individual lines were measured with
      replications using four replicated vials (on 2 days--two replications per day) by
      observing the reduction of NAD+ to NADH at 340 nm. Total soluble protein as the
      basis of standardization of enzyme activity was measured by the Lowry method for
      each vial. A control experiment was made immediately after the establishment of
      20 individual lines from a single genotype. A significant increase in genetic
      variance was observed among the mutation-accumulating lines but was not detected
      in the control experiment. The statistical analysis of the data on the basis of
      the one-band/one-gene hypothesis suggests that many mutations controlling the
      activity of alcohol dehydrogenase occurred in regions different from the alcohol
      dehydrogenase locus itself, mainly in the noncoding DNA. Furthermore, it is
      suggested that transposon-like elements are related to the induction of these
      changes in alcohol dehydrogenase specific activities. Additional experimental
      evidence supporting this conclusion is also given.

PMID- 6420230
TI  - A comparison of mutation rates for specific loci and chromosome regions in
      dysgenic hybrid males of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The mutation rates of specific loci and chromosome regions were estimated for two
      types of dysgenic hybrid males. These came from crosses between P or Q males and
      M females in the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis. The M X P hybrids were the more
      mutable for each of the loci and chromosome regions tested. The Beadex locus was
      highly mutable in these hybrids but did not mutate at all in the sample of
      gametes from the M X Q hybrids. The singed locus had 75% of the mutability of
      Beadex in the M X P hybrids; it was also mutable in the M X Q hybrids. The white
      locus was only slightly mutable in the M X P hybrids and not at all mutable in
      the M X Q hybrids. The mutations in singed and white probably arose from the
      insertion of P elements into these loci; the mutations at Beadex probably
      involved the action of a P element located near this locus on the X chromosome of
      the P strain that was used in the experiments. Mutations in two chromosome
      regions, one including the zeste-white loci and the other near the miniature
      locus, were much more frequent in the M X P hybrids than in the M X Q hybrids.
      These mutations also probably arose from P element insertions. The implication is
      that insertion mutations occur infrequently in the M X Q hybrids, possibly
      because most of the P elements they carry are defective. In M X P hybrids, there
      is variation among loci with respect to P element mutagenesis, indicating that P
      elements possess a degree of insertional specificity.

PMID- 6420231
TI  - Viability interactions, in vivo activity and the G6PD polymorphism in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Several biochemical studies have suggested that in Drosophila melanogaster the
      two common allozymes of G6PD differ in their in vitro activities and thermal
      stabilities. Yet, it remains to be shown that these characterizations reflect
      actual in vivo differences and are not artifacts of the biochemical approach. In
      this study it is shown that in vivo activity differences must exist between these
      two variants. This conclusion arises from the observation that the viability of
      flies bearing a low activity allele of 6PGD is strongly dependent on the genotype
      at the G6PD (Zw) locus, whereas no measurable difference in viability can be
      detected between Zw genotypes in a normal activity 6PGD background. These
      viability interactions are in the direction predicted by the reported in vitro
      activities of the allozymes and the proposed deleterious effects of 6
      phosphogluconate accumulation.--In addition, a genetic scheme is used that
      uncouples and quantifies the effects of viability modifiers in the region of the
      Zw locus, while homogenizing 98% of the X chromosome. The viability of different
      Zw genotypes is measured by examining whole chromosome viabilities relative to
      the FM6 balancer chromosome. The advantages of this particular scheme are
      discussed.

PMID- 6420232
TI  - [Transformation of competent Bacillus subtilis cells by chromosomal and plasmid
      DNA incorporated in liposomes].
AB  - Transformation with chromosomal and plasmid DNAs comprised in liposomes of
      different compositions was studied on competent cells of Bacillus subtilis.
      Transformation with chromosomal DNA comprised in liposomes appeared to constitute
      1.1 to 1.5% of the control, and transformation with plasmid DNA in liposomes
      reaches 8 to 11%, as compared to the control. It has been revealed that
      absorbtion of chromosomal or plasmid DNA comprised in liposomes by competent
      cells is 1-2 orders higher than that of chromosomal or plasmid DNAs which are not
      contained in liposomes. Besides, chromosomal DNA in liposomes was found to be
      transferred to competent cells in the double-stranded form, while during common
      transformation without liposomes, the DNA transferred is single-stranded.

PMID- 6420233
TI  - [Frequency of chromosome recombination, nondisjunction and breaks in Drosophila
      melanogaster males exposed during space flight].
AB  - Effects of space flight factors on chromosomal nondisjunctions, breaks and
      mitotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster males were studied. It was shown
      that space flight conditions increased the frequencies of nondisjunctions, breaks
      and mitotic recombination in chromosomes. It was established that the vibration
      and acceleration effects could not serve to explain the data obtained. On the
      basis of these data, it may be suggested that weightlessness and cosmic radiation
      are the main factors which are responsible for the effects observed.

PMID- 6420234
TI  - [Effect of methylmethane sulfonate-sensitive mutations on nondisjunction and loss
      of sex chromosomes in Drosophila males].
AB  - The MMS-sensitive mutants mus(1) 120M1 and mus(1) 121M1 of Drosophila
      melanogaster were investigated regarding their effects on spontaneous and X-ray
      induced (2000 R) aneuploidy in male germ cells, during different stages of
      spermatogenesis. In matings of males carrying mus mutation and a doubly marked Y
      chromosome (BsYy+) with repair proficient y f females, the frequencies of partial
      loss, nondisjunctions and especially complete loss were significantly higher than
      in the control. Apparently, MMS-sensitive mutants deal with meiotic processes and
      maintenance of chromosome structural stability both in females and in males, in
      somatic and germ cells.

PMID- 6420235
TI  - Cloning and expression of a p-aminobenzoic acid synthetase gene of the candicidin
      producing Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - 4.5-kb BamHI fragments of DNA coding for p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthetase
      from the candicidin-producing Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570 and from a
      sulphonamide resistant mutant of it were cloned on the plasmid vector pIJ41 into
      Streptomyces lividans 66. The cloned DNA restored prototrophy to a pab auxotroph
      of S. lividans; when the S. griseus donor was a sulphonamide resistant, PABA
      overproducing mutant, the S. lividans clone was sulphonamide resistant as well as
      Pab+. Sub-cloning the 4.5-kb fragment of S. griseus DNA into Escherichia coli
      pabA- or pabB- mutants by insertion at the BamHI site of pBR322 did not yield
      prototrophic clones directly. However, when the cloned fragment had the proper
      orientation relative to the tet promoter, but not the opposite one, it was
      possible to select Pab+ colonies, which arose by deletion in vivo of approx. 1 kb
      of the S. griseus inserted DNA. These results, and those of studies in which Tn5
      abolished the Pab+ phenotype by insertion in vivo in the tet promoter or
      downstream of it, indicated that the S. griseus pab promoter was not expressed in
      E. coli but that the pab gene could be expressed by transcriptional readthrough
      from the vector. Experiments in which the cloned DNA was transferred back from E.
      coli to S. lividans suggested, but did not prove, that the Streptomyces pab
      promoter had been deleted by loss of the approx. 1-kb segment. These experiments
      showed expression of both the tet (of pBR322) and kan (of Tn5) promoters in S.
      lividans.

PMID- 6420236
TI  - Reversion of an ilvB mutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of a
      derivative of RP1 plasmid.
AB  - We have isolated a derivative of RP1, a broad-host-range plasmid, in whose
      presence the ilvB112 mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PU21 reverts at a
      high frequency. This derivative of RP1 (RP1-ilvB+ complex) may have arisen by a
      fusion of the P. aeruginosa ilvB gene with RP1 during their co-transfer into
      strain PU21. The RP1 derivative is not very stable in the PU21 background but it
      can apparently be stabilized by its integration into the host chromosome,
      resulting in an Hfr-type donor strain, SP500.

PMID- 6420237
TI  - Isolation and characterization of pock-forming plasmids for Streptomyces griseus
      from soil actinomycetes.
AB  - Thirty independent actinomycetes strains carrying plasmids were isolated from
      soil. These plasmids were purified as cccDNA by CsCl-EtBr equilibrium density
      gradient centrifugation. Plasmids that induce "pocks", namely formation of
      circular zones of sporulation-inhibition, were selected by protoplast
      transformation of streptomycin-producing strain, Streptomyces griseus ATCC10137.
      Six pock-forming plasmids, pOA7, pOA11, pOA15, pOA23, pOA29 and pOA30, were
      obtained, and their cleavage maps, transformation frequencies, and copy numbers,
      as well as their stability, are described.

PMID- 6420238
TI  - Isolation of a functional exuR-repressor-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein by use
      of in vitro gene fusions.
AB  - The exuR regulatory gene of Escherichia coli codes for a repressor molecule that
      controls negatively the expression of the exu regulon genes involved in the
      hexuronate degradation. The exuR gene was fused to the lacZ gene in vitro on
      plasmid cloning vectors developed by Casadaban et al. [J. Bacteriol. 143 (1980)
      971-980]. The exuR-lacZ fusion gene allows the production of hybrid molecules
      possessing in a single polypeptide beta-galactosidase activity as well as the
      capacity to bind in vivo specifically to the operators of the exu operons.
      However, the affinity of ExuR hybrid protein for the exu operators seems to be
      reduced in comparison with the native repressor since, even overproduced in the
      cell, the chimeric polypeptide was not able to completely repress the expression
      of the exu operons. The other functions of the ExuR repressor, i.e., repression
      of the uxuAB operon and inactivation by the inducers, were not retained in the
      chimeric protein. This particular chimaera of Mr about 120 000 was purified by
      chromatography on phosphocellulose from strains carrying the fusion plasmids. The
      purified polypeptide was able to repress in vitro the synthesis of an exu gene
      product in a cell-free transcription and translation system. The implications of
      the repressor activity in the chimeric protein are discussed. The NH2-terminus of
      ExuR repressor probably recognizes the exu operators specifically, and this
      region represents less than 20% of the entire ExuR molecule.

PMID- 6420239
TI  - Cloning and expression of the Escherichia coli recA gene in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - By means of homopolymer dG-dC tailing, using PstI linearized pBR327 as vector, we
      constructed small plasmids containing the entire Escherichia coli recA gene. The
      1.8-kb inserts were recloned in the Bacillus subtilis expression vector pPL608 in
      a B. subtilis recE4 strain. Analysis of plasmid-coded proteins showed expression
      of the E. coli recA gene both in minicells and whole cells of B. subtilis.
      Expression was under control of the bacteriophage SP02 promoter, which is part of
      pPL608. A recA-expressing plasmid completely abolished the transformation
      deficiency of the recE4 mutant as well as its sensitivity to mitomycin C (MC).
      The expressed recA gene also restored recombination in other B. subtilis strains
      lacking the recE gene product. These results indicate a high similarity between
      the functions of the E. coli RecA and B. subtilis RecE proteins.

PMID- 6420240
TI  - The nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of cDNA coding for mouse
      carbonic anhydrase II.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a clone containing mouse carbonic anhydrase (CA) cDNA
      in pBR322 has been determined. The cloned cDNA contains all of the coding region
      except for nucleotides specifying the first eight amino acids, and all of the 3'
      noncoding region, which consists of 700 nucleotides. A cDNA clone was identified
      which contains an additional 54 bp at the 5' end, so that the complete amino acid
      sequence of mouse CA could be deduced. This sequence showed a 73-81% homology
      with other mammalian CA form II isozymes, 56-63% with form I isozymes, and 52-56%
      with form III isozymes. By examination of the amino acids which are unique and
      invariant for each isozyme, the mouse amino acid sequence was found to contain 16
      of the 23 residues that are unique and invariant to mammalian CA form II
      isozymes, but only one or no residue for forms I and III, respectively.

PMID- 6420241
TI  - Cellular cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in acute and chronic non-A,
      non-B hepatitis.
AB  - In a microcytotoxicity assay we tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous
      hepatocytes. The following cytotoxicity values were found (given mean +/- SEM):
      acute non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis 45.7 +/- 4.3% (n = 7), chronic NANB hepatitis
      32.8 +/- 5.1% (n = 11), chronic active hepatitis B (CAH-B) 27.7 +/- 6.7% (n =
      10), toxic lesions 18.1 +/- 4.2% (n = 18), controls with normal liver histology
      or minimal changes 4.9 +/- 2.5% (n = 8). Thus our study shows enhanced cellular
      cytotoxicity in acute and chronic NANB hepatitis and indicates that T cells as
      well as non-T cells have cytotoxic effector functions. These findings are similar
      to those obtained in CAH-B and suggest that cellular immune reactions play an
      important role in the course of NANB hepatitis. For comparison we tested
      cytotoxic reactions in toxic lesions. They were only moderate and well
      distinguishable from those observed in NANB hepatitis and CAH-B; they even may be
      unspecific. No correlation was seen between cytotoxicity and aminotransferase
      concentrations.

PMID- 6420242
TI  - In vitro determination of small intestinal permeability: demonstration of a
      persistent defect in patients with coeliac disease.
AB  - Previous methods for measuring intestinal permeability involve the urinary
      measurements of various poorly digested sugar or inert poly(ethylene glycol)
      polymers after their oral administration. The results reflect a variety of
      gastrointestinal parameters including transit time, mucosal surface area and
      transfer, mesenteric blood and/or lymphatic flow and renal function, as well as
      mucosal permeability. A new in vitro method for direct measurements of mucosal
      permeability to three probes is described and permeability is shown to be
      inversely related to the molecular weight of the probe molecule. Using this
      technique, a persistent increase in mucosal permeability to certain probes
      (molecular weight less than 1500 daltons) has been shown in patients with coeliac
      disease in whom treatment by strict gluten withdrawal has been accompanied by
      restoration of intestinal histological normality. It is suggested that this
      finding represents a primary defect in this syndrome.

PMID- 6420243
TI  - Radiation therapy for primary carcinoma of the female urethra: a survey over 25
      years.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with primary carcinoma of the female urethra were treated with
      a combined radiation therapy (high-dose intracavitary vaginal radium and external
      beam). Treatment was strictly individualized, but an administered tumor dose of
      5500-7000 rad (55-70 Gy) was always attempted. Forty-two patients (67.7%) had
      tumors of the anterior urethra, and in 20 women (32.3%) the posterior urethra was
      involved. In 19 patients (30.6%) the clinical diagnosis of lymph node involvement
      was made. The overall 5-year-survival rate was 64.5%. Patients with anterior
      urethral carcinoma had a higher 5-year-survival rate (71.4%) than patients with
      posterior carcinoma (50.0%). The favorable results underline the substantial role
      of radiation therapy for this malignancy.

PMID- 6420244
TI  - [Transitory effect of thiotepa on spermatogenesis].

PMID- 6420245
TI  - Our experience with minipress (prazosin) "Pfeiser" in the treatment of arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 6420246
TI  - On iron metabolism and haemoglobin synthesis in patients on prolonged
      haemodialysis.

PMID- 6420247
TI  - Morphometric characteristics of the skull frontal region of the new-born.

PMID- 6420248
TI  - Morphometric characteristics of the orbital region of the skull of the new-born.

PMID- 6420249
TI  - On the hydrogen peroxyde contents in "silver water".

PMID- 6420250
TI  - Studies on the clinical mortality in the acute period of myocardial infarction
      excluding the intensive care unit.

PMID- 6420251
TI  - Study of artificial flavouring substances for mutagenicity in the
      Salmonella/microsome, Basc and micronucleus tests.
AB  - Seventy-six compounds used as artificial flavouring substances in food products
      were studied for mutagenic properties by the use of the Salmonella/mammalian
      microsome test (Ames test), Basc test on Drosophila melanogaster and micronucleus
      test on mouse bone marrow. The following four compounds were mutagenic in Ames
      tests: ethyl nitrite, ethyl 3-phenylglycidate, 6-methylquinoline and musk
      ambrette. Of these, ethyl nitrite and musk ambrette also induced a significant (P
      less than or equal to 0.01) increase in sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in
      Drosophila. Two further compounds, ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate and 4-n
      propylanisole, appeared weakly mutagenic in Drosophila only. The result with 4-n
      propylanisole was judged to be of equivocal biological significance. None of the
      flavouring substances induced micronuclei, i.e. cytogenetic damage in the bone
      marrow of mice.

PMID- 6420252
TI  - [Venous digital subtraction angiography of the kidneys in the diagnosis of
      hypertension].
AB  - Intravenous DSA plays an important role in screening of hypertensive patients for
      renovascular disease. A preselected hypertensive outpatient group (n = 55) was
      studied by DSA. For renal arteries a valuable visualization was 93% (102/110)
      using one (62%) over two (25%) to three (13%) sequences. Perihilar segmental
      arteries could be analyzed in 56% of cases. Using replay (off-line) in DSA, renal
      size and parenchymal contours could be evaluated following a sequence-period of
      about 20 seconds. A pyelographic image completes this renal diagnostic procedure
      in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6420253
TI  - [Value of spinal computed tomography in the early diagnosis of spinal osteoid
      osteoma].

PMID- 6420254
TI  - [Intrathoracic meningocele in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6420255
TI  - [Computed tomographic image of tuberculous peritonitis].

PMID- 6420256
TI  - [Angiography of lower limb ischemic necrosis].

PMID- 6420257
TI  - [Roentgenologic picture of a bladder hernia].

PMID- 6420258
TI  - [Intrarenal localized renorenal collaterals in dogs after ligation of the
      principal arterial branch].
AB  - In 7 kidneys of 6 dogs one of the main stem of the renal artery was ligated. The
      development of the renorenal collaterals could be followed in 5, as two dogs died
      after the operation. In all cases intrarenal collaterals could be demonstrated,
      even in the postoperative dead dogs. The vessels responsible for the collateral
      circulation are performed interarterial anastomoses, belonging to the extra
      glomerular arterial system. From the results of these and former experimental
      studies it can be concluded, that the renal artery of the dog when entering the
      renal sinus cannot be regarded as an anatomic, but at most as a functional end
      artery.

PMID- 6420259
TI  - [Experimental conditions for embolization treatment of renal hypertension].
AB  - An experimental study was carried out on 146 rats with hypertension in order to
      determine whether the intensive collateral circulation which develops in reno
      vascular hypertension is responsible for the high failure rate following clinical
      embolisation. Ethibloc embolisation, which fills the capillaries, is as effective
      as nephrectomy, whereas ligature of the renal artery fails to affect the
      hypertension.

PMID- 6420260
TI  - [Percutaneous transcatheter ablation of parathyroid gland tumors by alcohol
      injection and contrast media infusion].
AB  - An attempt to obliterate the parathyroid glands by a catheter technique has been
      made in three patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Two mediastinal tumours
      were defunctionalized with alcohol, and followup for 11 and 13 months showed that
      it had been successful. One cervical parathyroid tumour was over-injected with
      contrast medium, but there was a recurrence after 14 months, as indicated by
      rising serum calcium and parathormone levels. In selected cases the method may be
      an alternative to surgery, particularly in patients where previous surgery had
      been unsuccessful or if there is a high operative risk.

PMID- 6420261
TI  - [Computed tomographic anatomy of the neck].
AB  - The structures in the neck which can be recognised by computer tomography, and
      their course, is described. The cartilagenous larynx and trachea, the oesophagus,
      thyroid, sternocleidomastoid muscle, common carotid arteries and internal jugular
      veins can be recognised regularly. In addition, one can identify smaller muscles,
      vessels and nerves, such as the sterno-hyoid, omo-hyoid, anterior and medial
      scalenus muscles, the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and the
      suprascapular, internal thoracic and vertebral arteries, the thyro-cervical trunk
      and the vagus and phrenic nerves. An accurate knowledge of the anatomy is
      essential for the recognition of enlarged parathyroid glands.

PMID- 6420262
TI  - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis].
AB  - Cerebral cysticercosis was diagnosed in 16 patients by CT, both before and after
      contrast injection. In six patients the findings were confirmed at operation and
      histologically. In ten patients, the diagnosis was supported by typical findings
      on conventional radiographs of the thighs, calves and skull. The CT findings
      permitted classification of the patients into three types of disease.

PMID- 6420263
TI  - [Computed tomography in primary mesenteric tumors].
AB  - The value of CT in the investigation of mesenteric tumours was studied in 21
      patients. It is possible to differentiate mesenteric cysts from sarcomas, and CT
      provides information concerning the size, localisation, structure and extent of
      the tumour and the degree of infiltration. Density measurements provide evidence
      concerning the structure of the lesion, whether it is liquid, lipomatous, myxoid
      or osseous. Only rarely is it possible to make a histological diagnosis.
      Localised infiltration of the gut cannot be recognised, but diffuse intra- and
      retro-peritoneal tumour spread can be seen by CT. Ascites, intra-peritoneal and
      haematogenous metastases are rare from mesenteric sarcomas.

PMID- 6420264
TI  - [Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (Pickwickian syndrome). Value of computed
      tomography].
AB  - Two patients with obstructive sleep apnoea are described and the value of
      computer tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up is stressed. Narrowing of the
      oro-pharynx is a major feature in the diagnosis of this condition and is best
      demonstrated by CT.

PMID- 6420265
TI  - Computed tomography of the adrenal glands in Addison's disease.
AB  - In 30 cases of chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) CT of the
      adrenal glands was performed using a fourth generation scanner and a 2 mm slice
      thickness. Adrenal glands were visualized in all the cases. In 26 patients the
      adrenals were atrophied; the adrenal shape was abnormal in 21 patients. In 15
      patients CT disclosed calcifications in one or both glands, which were
      particularly frequent in patients over the age of 50. Atrophy of adrenal glands
      was of high occurrence in cases of autoimmune origin.

PMID- 6420266
TI  - [Comparison of computed tomography, automated multisector scanner (Octoson) and
      conventional ultrasound in pancreatic diseases].
AB  - Two hundred and eighty-six patients suspected of having pancreatic disease were
      examined by computed tomography, Octoson and conventional ultrasound. Computed
      tomography with angio-CT had the highest sensitivity (87.4%). The Octoson, with a
      sensitivity of 77.16% was better than conventional ultrasound, which had a
      sensitivity of 65.35%. Specificity for CT was 91.2%, for the Octoson 88.67% and
      conventional ultrasound 85.5%. The better results of the Octoson examination are
      due to the thin air gap when the patient is prone and the greater focal length of
      the large transducer and the somewhat more stable focus.

PMID- 6420267
TI  - [Sonography of the efferent urinary tract. Suprapubic and intravesical methods].
AB  - The ability of sonographic methods to demonstrate the urinary passages and their
      abnormalities were studied systematically. The ureters can only be demonstrated
      if they are dilated. Sonography of the bladder can be used as a screening method
      for tumours, diverticula and stones. Intravesical sonography is useful for
      staging of bladder tumours. The value of these methods is discussed.

PMID- 6420268
TI  - [Intrauterine ultrasonic tomography].
AB  - The imaging methods used to date yield unsatisfactory information on the fine
      structure of the myometrium. Intrauterine sonographic tomography enables imaging
      of the normal myometrium, of myomas and carcinomas, with an exact determination
      of location, extent and above all infiltration depth of pathological changes.

PMID- 6420269
TI  - [Secondary arthrosis after surgical treatment of ankle fractures].
AB  - 98 patients were clinically and radiographically examined 2 to 9 years following
      the osteosynthesis of ankle fractures. The rate of secondary osteoarthritis was
      70% including 40% of minor, 17% of medium and 13% of serious changes. Depending
      on the injured structures and frequency of posttraumatic osteoarthritis varies.
      Medium and serious radiology changes cause obvious dysfunction in 56% and 62%
      respectively. Joints free of Osteoarthritis one year after the injury will not
      develop secondary osteoarthritis later.

PMID- 6420270
TI  - [Width of the normal tendon sheath in the 2d to 5th fingers in oblique
      exposures].
AB  - Oblique views of the fingers, using a low kilovolt technique, show a portion of
      the tendon sheaths which can be regarded as representative of the entire sheath.
      Because of the varying obliquity of each finger, this proportion differs in the
      fingers. With increasing age the projected portion of the sheath becomes smaller
      because it is covered by increasing bone formation in the insertion of the tendon
      sheath. Normal values have been obtained for adults according to their decades;
      from these, quite minor degrees of tendon sheath thickening can be determined. In
      camptodactyly of the fifth finger, which is not uncommon, the tendon sheath may
      be widened in the absence of a tenosynovitis.

PMID- 6420271
TI  - [Pelvic bone angiomas].
AB  - Three patients were seen with angiomas of the pelvic bones; the radiological and
      clinical features are described and the literature reviewed. The patients had
      been observed for four to six years. The differential diagnosis includes
      infiltrating mesenchymal neoplasms and the histologically similar, but rare,
      Gorham-Stout syndrome. Recommended treatment is irradiation, which is effective
      up to a point.

PMID- 6420272
TI  - [Digital roentgen video image processing for target calculation in stereotactic
      neurosurgery].
AB  - The basic methods for calculating targets in stereotactic cerebral operations,
      using radiography or CT sections for special operations, can now be extended by a
      new method, depending on image generating system from a digital x-ray video
      chain. A micro-computer was used in order to calculate image measurements,
      angulation of the apparatus and documentation of the surgical procedures.

PMID- 6420274
TI  - A cavernous haemangioma of the mediastinum.

PMID- 6420273
TI  - [Digital radiography using a computed tomography instrument in comparison with
      conventional film-screen images].
AB  - Parameters of image quality, comprising spatial resolution and contrast, have
      been determined in the form of a contrast/detail diagram for a digital system
      (Topogram) and a film-screen system. The digital system was particularly examined
      concerning its contrast sensitivity in relation to quantum noise. The clinical
      implications of the comparison of the systems, where evaluated on chest x-rays of
      250 patients. Despite lower image sharpness, the digital method is already able
      to produce equivalent or better diagnostic results in certain circumstances. The
      advantages and disadvantages of both systems are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6420275
TI  - [Aneurysm of the membranous septum. Angiocardiographic study].
AB  - Amongst 9000 patients on whom angiocardiograms had been carried out, a membranous
      septum aneurysm (MSA) was found in 47. In nine patients out of 27 the MSA could
      be demonstrated by sonography. The most common abnormalities accompanying this
      lesion were disturbances in rhythm and conduction (in 29 patients), ventricular
      septal defect in 29 and aortic insufficiency in 14. Complications included
      bacterial endocarditis in five patients (three with aortic insufficiency and two
      with sepsis lenta), aortic insufficiency (which was not of rheumatic or bacterial
      origin in three patients with conduction defects) and thirteen patients with
      abnormalities of cardiac rhythm with small VSDs.

PMID- 6420276
TI  - [Noninvasive tomographic measurement of regional cerebral blood flow].
AB  - The measurement of the regional cerebral bloodflow by means of the dynamic single
      photon-emission-computed tomography is a method of examination which is
      completely free of risk for the patient, causes no inconvenience and can be
      repeated whenever it seems necessary. This method gives a quantitative
      explanation for the distribution of the effective cerebral perfusion and can only
      be substituted by the very complicated positron-emission-computed tomography. As
      well as the exact assessment of the hemodynamic relevance of cerebral vascular
      disease, this method enables us to prove whether or not in various types of
      psychiatric disorders an interference in the regional perfusion exists. This
      method can also contribute to the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms, as well
      as to the nosological classification of specific psychopathological conditions.

PMID- 6420277
TI  - [Computed tomography and the clinical picture of carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix].
AB  - The clinical and computer tomographic findings in 142 patients with carcinoma of
      the body of the uterus have been compared. The CT findings at the first
      examination were then compared with the clinical results. The likelihood of a
      recurrence was related to infiltration of the parametrium. There was strong
      positive correlation between the CT findings during treatment and the probability
      of recurrences. The wealth of information provided by computed tomography makes
      any other form of investigation during tumour staging and during follow-up
      unnecessary.

PMID- 6420278
TI  - [Computed tomography of pancreatic cystic fibrosis].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of atrophic and lipomatous degeneration of
      the pancreas in cystic pancreatic fibrosis are described. CT exploration of the
      pancreas is recommended, particularly in differential diagnostic aspects of
      cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6420279
TI  - [Computed tomography of basal skull fractures].
AB  - In 241 patients examined for trauma of the skull by computed tomography, 36
      fractures of the skull base were diagnosed, in addition to their intracranial
      lesions. Computed tomography demonstrated twice as many fractures as conventional
      radiography. Amongst surviving patients, 30% showed abnormalities which were
      directly related to fractures of the skull base. The type, complications and
      therapeutic consequences of skull base fractures are discussed. These
      observations show that the bony injury needs to be carefully considered in order
      to avoid extensive and time-consuming investigations which might otherwise become
      necessary later.

PMID- 6420280
TI  - [The cervical compartments in the computed tomogram].
AB  - The computed tomographic anatomy of the cervical compartments, with emphasis on
      the fascial planes of the neck, is described. Typical disease processes within
      these fascial confined compartments have been documented.

PMID- 6420281
TI  - [Computed tomography of laryngoceles].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of internal, external and mixed laryngoceles
      are described on the basis of ten patients and the differential diagnosis is
      considered.

PMID- 6420282
TI  - [Computed tomographic volumetry of the pneumatic system of the ear. Comparison of
      normal subjects and patients with ear diseases].
AB  - The volume of the pneumatised portion of the ear was determined by computed
      tomography in 235 patients. Amongst the 470 ears examined, 320 had no disease in
      the ear, nose or throat. Normal pneumatisation of the ear can be quantified by CT
      and strict correlation has been demonstrated between the air content and age from
      ten to 17 years. Chronic inflammatory processes of the middle ear occurring
      during childhood interfere with pneumatisation on one or both sides. The most
      severe failure of pneumatisation occurs with congenital abnormalities of the ear,
      most cases never showing significant pneumatisation. Chronic infection of the
      tonsils or adenoids causes much less interference with pneumatisation.

PMID- 6420283
TI  - [Value of ultrasound in screening for liver metastases and liver involvement in
      malignant systemic disease].
AB  - The value of sonography as a primary screening method for the diagnosis of liver
      metastases or liver involvement by malignant lymphoma has been investigated in
      163 patients. The following results were obtained: sensitivity 92%, specificity
      80%, accuracy 85%. In 109 patients CT findings were also considered. The high
      proportion of correct positive and low proportion of low false negative findings
      makes sonography the method of choice for primary screening. The figures also
      indicate that if sonography is negative, other diagnostic procedures are
      unnecessary. If sonography is abnormal, but the findings are not clear, then
      computed tomography is indicated.

PMID- 6420284
TI  - [Sonographic diagnosis of peritoneal carcinosis].
AB  - Based on the sonographic findings in 107 cases with proven peritoneal
      carcinomatosis (PCA) by either gynaecological or gastrointestinal tumors the
      diagnostic value of ultrasonography and its limitations in differentiation of
      peritoneal fluid accumulations and masses are presented.

PMID- 6420285
TI  - [Sonographic imaging of the ascending lumbar vein and the cisterna chyli or
      lumbar trunks].
AB  - The sonographic imaging of the vena lumbalis ascendens dextra is demonstrated;
      the possibility of sonographic imaging of the vena lumbalis ascendens sinistra
      and parts of the great lymphatic vessels (ductus thoracicus, trunci lumbales,
      cysterna chyli) is outlined for the first time.

PMID- 6420286
TI  - [Ureteral duplication with extravesical ureteral orifice].
AB  - The renal segment supplying an ectopic ureter is nearly always dysplastic.
      Usually the ureters cross and the ectopic ureter terminates caudally in relation
      to the ureter from the normal portion of the kidney. Extravesical termination in
      women leads to urinary incontinence, since it frequently ends in the vagina or
      the labia. In men, the effects are much less noticeable. The ureters usually
      terminate in the urethra, the seminal vesicles, the ductus deferens or the
      epididymis. Duplication of a ureter or mega-ureter with dysplasia of the
      appropriate part of the kidney can be readily explained embryologically.

PMID- 6420287
TI  - [Ossifying fibroma of the bone].
AB  - In the spectrum of the fibroosseous bone tumours the ossifying fibroma of the
      bone (OF) is situated as a not yet clearly defined entity with many names. The
      present paper deals with the question wether a term innovation brings elucidation
      to clinical management. Therefore 811 previously published and 16 additional
      cases have been analysed with respect to their clinical and radiological
      behavior. In addition a simplificated histological reclassification was performed
      on 284 well documented literature cases. It was found that there are no great
      differences between these tumours according to their localisation, their clinical
      behavior, and their prognosis. All tumours of this group are suitable to
      different categories of histological maturation of the same tumour best called
      "ossifying fibroma".

PMID- 6420288
TI  - [Arthrotomography of the normal temporomandibular joint. Anatomy, technic and
      complications. I].
AB  - Most abnormalities in the T.M. joint are due to pathological processes in the
      meniscus or joint capsule. They usually manifest themselves as an anterior
      luxation of the meniscus, which cannot be demonstrated by conventional
      radiological examination, even including tomography. In order to evaluate the
      meniscus, it is necessary to perform a contrast examination of the inferior joint
      space. The technique has proved valuable in 280 patients (308 arthrograms). The
      method is described and radiological anatomy is discussed. There were no
      significant complications in our series.

PMID- 6420289
TI  - [Arthrography of the ankle joint].
AB  - Arthrography of the ankle joint was first carried out by Johnson and Palmer at
      the Military Hospital in Stockholm in 1940. Arthrography can be used for judging
      the integrity of the articular cartilage, of osteochondritis dissecans, arthritis
      or adhesive capsulitis. The literature shows, however, that more than 95% of the
      patients on whom this examination has been performed had suffered from acute
      trauma.

PMID- 6420290
TI  - [Roentgen picture of the course of purulent sacroiliitis].
AB  - Four patients with extensive iliitis, observed over a period of two to four
      years, are described. In all patients this disease was unilateral, and more
      commonly on the right, beginning in the lower half of the joint. Corresponding to
      the slow development of disease, there were changes in the radiological
      appearances; these were indefinite in the first two to four weeks. This was
      followed by an ill-defined appearance, irregularity and widening of the joint
      space. Healing was characterised by gradual ankylosis and marked sclerosis of
      both sides of the joint.

PMID- 6420291
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of intervertebral disk calcification in children].
AB  - From an analysis of their own patients and of the radiological appearances of
      juvenile disc calcification as described in the literature, the authors have
      subdivided the evolution of this condition into three phases. The third phase
      (residual effects) is given the most detailed consideration.

PMID- 6420292
TI  - Spondylo-costal dysplasia. A further report--review of 14 cases.
AB  - Fourteen patients with spondylo-costal dysplasia were analysed. 3 of them
      presented without obvious associated anomalies "pure" spondylo-costal dysplasias;
      2 had several components consistent with Vater (Vacterl)-Association; 2 showed
      malformations which are often encountered in Vater (Vacterl)-Association; 4
      presented with minor malformations; 3 had major associated malformations rarely
      seen in Vater (Vacterl)-Association. Thoracic spine and costal malsegmentation
      can be sporadically observed in other "errors in septation complex" (axial
      mesodermal dysplasia) including severe myelomeningocoele and diastematomyelia.

PMID- 6420293
TI  - The effects of diagnostic x-ray and contrast media on lymphocyte chromosomes.
AB  - On the present in vitro study with or without x-ray exposure, employing the
      sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis as well as the conventional chromosome
      investigation, we studied the effects of six contrast media, normally used in
      daily radiodiagnostic procedures, on the peripheral lymphocyte chromosomes. The
      conventional chromosome analysis demonstrated that the frequency of chromosome
      type aberrations such as dicentric and ring chromosomes was not elevated solely
      by the addition of contrast media at cultivation. The diagnostic x-ray combined
      with the presence of each contrast medium demonstrated a slight increase in SCE
      frequency compared to that of the controls. However, we could not identify any
      specific medium among these contrast media that was conspicuously toxic or
      clastogenic to chromosomes.

PMID- 6420294
TI  - [Angiodysplasia of the colon as a cause of intestinal bleeding].

PMID- 6420295
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis].

PMID- 6420296
TI  - Atelosteogenesis.

PMID- 6420297
TI  - [Mercury in the lung following intravenous administration].

PMID- 6420298
TI  - [Gallbladder empyema].

PMID- 6420299
TI  - [Demonstration of a tetracycline-resistance factor in a genital Mycoplasma
      strain. Clinical and molecular biology aspects of Ureaplasma coinfected
      penicillin and tetracycline-resistant gonorrhea].
AB  - We report a male patient with severe penicillin-resistant gonococcal urethritis,
      coinfected with a tetracycline resistant strain of ureaplasma urealyticum.
      Ureaplasmas are frequently involved in gonococcal urethritis and commonly this
      organism may persist after the penicillin therapy causing a "post-gonoccal
      urethritis" (PGU). Additional treatment with tetracyclines prove to be successful
      in most of these patients except in cases of tetracycline resistance in
      ureaplasma urealyticum. In a case like this erythromycin may be useful, a drug to
      which these isolates are sensitive. The microbiological and genetic feature of a
      tetracycline resistant strain of ureaplasma urealyticum is presented in detail.
      The clinical and epidemiological importance of these results are discussed and
      compared with the literature.

PMID- 6420300
TI  - [Animal models of cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 6420301
TI  - Effect of TRH on plasma glucagon in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 6420302
TI  - hCG-induced maturation of the seminiferous epithelium in hypogonadotropic men.
AB  - The effect of long-term hCG administration on sperm output was evaluated in a
      study in 3 hypogonadal patients with a selective deficiency of gonadotrophins (LH
      and FSH). The diagnosis of complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was based on
      clinical and hormonal findings as well as testicular histology. Pubertal
      maturation took place gradually during hCG therapy. 2 out 3 patients, who were
      azoospermic before treatment, had spermatozoa in their ejaculate after 12 and 24
      months of therapy respectively. These effects on spermatogenesis were reversed
      after hCG withdrawal for 4 months and the patients again became azoospermic. This
      azoospermia was not reversed by testosterone (T) replacement therapy, or by
      addition of HMG to T. In vitro, the crude hCG preparation stimulated cAMP
      accumulation in rat Sertoli cell cultures indicating that this hCG preparation
      possesses an 'FSH-like' action. The present findings indicate that hCG therapy
      alone can induce and maintain spermatogenesis in some patients with complete
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

PMID- 6420303
TI  - Caffeine: a model compound for measuring liver function.
AB  - The effects of liver disease on caffeine plasma clearance (Cl) and on exhalation
      of 14CO2 following i.v. injection of 2 mu Ci of [3-methyl-14C]caffeine together
      with 125 mg of the unlabeled compound were measured in 15 patients with
      cirrhosis, 11 subjects with miscellaneous liver disease, and 10 normal
      volunteers. Compared to mean values for Cl (2.02 +/- S.D. 0.68 ml per min per kg)
      and t1/2 (3.8 +/- 0.9 hr) in normal volunteers, cirrhotics were characterized by
      highly significant reductions in Cl (to 0.76 +/- 0.40) and prolongation in t1/2
      (to 13.7 +/- 13.0), whereas the volume of distribution (VD) remained relatively
      unchanged (0.57 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.13 liter per kg in normals). Cumulative
      14CO2 production and specific activity of 14CO2 in breath decreased in parallel
      (r = 0.83) with Cl. Patients with miscellaneous liver disease exhibited only
      small changes in Cl and t1/2; however, 14CO2 parameters in breath appeared more
      sensitive in indicating the slight functional derangement. In view of the
      correlation (Rs = 0.83) of cumulative 14CO2 excretion with the initial
      disappearance constant for bromosulfophthalein, the caffeine breath test may be
      considered as a quantitative measure of hepatic microsomal activity; based on a
      surprisingly close, hyperbolic relationship between Cl and fasting caffeine
      plasma concentrations, the latter might serve as a simple guide to severity of
      liver disease.

PMID- 6420304
TI  - A [14C]phenacetin breath test to measure hepatic function in man.
AB  - Phenacetin, a high-clearance drug, was labeled as [14C-ethyl]phenacetin and used
      in a breath test of hepatic function. 14CO2 appeared rapidly in breath such that
      more than 30% of the administered radioactivity was expired in 2 hr. For all
      means of expression used to describe the appearance of 14CO2 in breath, normal
      controls and hospitalized patients without liver disease were clearly separated
      from cirrhotic subjects with moderate and severe liver damage. The phenacetin
      breath test was validated by the close correlation of 14CO2 appearance with the
      disposition of the parent compound examined after its intravenous administration,
      and by demonstration that the rate-limiting step in 14CO2 generation from labeled
      phenacetin occurred proximal to 14CO2 generation from [14C]acetate given
      intravenously. Correcting for the actual volume of CO2 exhaled by control and
      cirrhotic subjects did not increase the sensitivity of the test. The phenacetin
      breath test has potential as a simple procedure to quantitate hepatic metabolism
      of drugs, particularly those mediated by cytochrome P448.

PMID- 6420305
TI  - Inhibition of bile flow in the isolated perfused rat liver by a synthetic
      parenteral amino acid mixture: associated net amino acid fluxes.
AB  - To identify a role for amino acids in cholestasis associated with total
      parenteral nutrition, we measured bile formation by the isolated perfused rat
      liver in the presence and absence of added amino acids. All livers were infused
      constantly with sodium [14C]taurocholate (0.28 mumoles per min) for 90 min. At 40
      min, a primed-constant infusion of a synthetic L-amino acid mixture (121 + 19.3
      mumoles of N per min) was administered for an additional 50 min. Mean bile flow
      rates during the amino acid infusion were reduced from 15.4 microliter per min
      per 10 gm liver weight to 10.4 microliter per min per 10 gm (p less than 0.005).
      There was no significant change during saline infusion of control livers, and
      there was no significant difference in perfusate osmolalities in the two groups.
      Although biliary recovery of infused taurocholate was slightly lower in the
      experimental perfusions than in controls (95.3% vs. 101.7%, p less than 0.05),
      there was no significant reduction in taurocholate excretion rate during the
      infusion in either group. Bile flow changes were related to ambient
      concentrations and net fluxes of individual amino acids in the perfusate. Of the
      14 infused amino acids, glycine and arginine achieved levels greater than 3 times
      greater than reported physiological postprandial portal venous concentrations in
      the rat, and together constituted about 25% of the 90-min perfusate amino acids
      (8.3 mM). The highest net hepatic uptake was for glycine (125 mumoles per hr per
      10 gm), which was almost 50% of its infusion rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6420306
TI  - Complement components and activation in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Total complement activity was normal in 18 patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis using two hemolytic assays capable of distinguishing between defects in
      classical and alternative pathways. Activation of the classical pathway was
      demonstrated in all patients by formation of complexes between C1r, C1s, and C1
      inactivator. Large amounts of free C1q, not in complex with C1r and C1s, were
      demonstrated in the majority of patient sera. Furthermore, C4 levels were within
      the normal range or slightly subnormal. No evidence for alternative pathway
      activation was found. Increased mean levels of several complement components, in
      particular C1 inactivator, C2, C3, factor B, factor H, were noted. A significant
      correlation between these complement factors, derived mainly from the liver, and
      ceruloplasmin suggests that this elevation might be secondary to cholestasis. In
      contrast, no significant correlation with levels of early reacting acute phase
      reactants, immunoglobulins, or circulating immune complex-like material were
      observed. It is concluded that activation of the complement system by the
      classical pathway is common in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 6420307
TI  - Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
AB  - Chronic hepatitis is defined as diffuse chronic liver disease existing for at
      least 6 months. Cirrhosis is a sequel. It is of multiple etiology. Liver biopsy
      is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. Hepatitis B-related chronic hepatitis
      is slowly progressive. Corticosteroid therapy is disappointing. Current antiviral
      therapy converts the hepatitis B e antigen-positive patient to anti-HBe in about
      50%. Non-A, non-B virus hepatitis-related chronic hepatitis suffers from lack of
      a diagnostic marker. No current therapy is of proven benefit. Autoimmune lupoid
      chronic active hepatitis presents a very active biochemical and immunological
      picture. Prednisolone therapy prolongs life but does not prevent the development
      of cirrhosis. Drug-related liver disease is recognized by its associations.
      Recovery follows withdrawal of the drug. Deaths often follow continuation of the
      drug. Indications of progression to a terminal state with likelihood of less than
      a 6-month survival are detailed. These are helpful in deciding on hepatic
      transplantation before the patient becomes moribund.

PMID- 6420308
TI  - [Primary structure of subtilisin DY].
AB  - The complete amino-acid sequence of subtilisin DY, an extracellular alkaline
      proteinase produced by Bacillus subtilis, strain DY, is presented. The enzyme's
      primary structure was elucidated using peptides obtained by tryptic hydrolysis
      and peptides released from BrCN, tryptophan and Asn-Gly cleavage (using
      hydroxylamine). The peptides were isolated by gelfiltration and by reversed phase
      high performance liquid chromatography and were degradated automatically in the
      sequenator. The complete sequence has been verified by peptide overlapping. The
      subtilisin DY polypeptide chain, like that of subtilisin Carlsberg, consists of
      274 amino-acid residues. 32 Amino-acid replacements were found between these two
      molecules (37 nucleotide mutations, 5 of them two-point mutations). Between the
      subtilisins DY and Novo 82 amino-acid residue replacements (106 nucleotide
      mutations, 24 two-point mutations) and one deletion were found. The polypeptide
      chains of the three subtilisins mentioned were compared and some differences
      discussed.

PMID- 6420309
TI  - A serum proteinase converts proapolipoprotein AI secreted by rat hepatocytes to
      the mature apolipoprotein.
AB  - Apolipoprotein AI integrated into the high-density lipoprotein particle in serum
      was synthesized in the rat hepatocyte in the presence of radiolabelled amino
      acids and isolated from the cells in primary culture (suspension) as its proform,
      with the N-terminus extended by a hexapeptide segment. The primary secretion
      product is this proform which is only further proteolytically processed in the
      presence of the serum fraction with density higher than 1.21 g/ml. The secretion
      product and the proteolytically converted product were characterized by Edman
      degradation of their respective amino-acid sequences after radiolabelling with
      [3H]valine and [3H]phenylalanine, the positions of which are well established in
      the preproform and in the N-terminus of mature rat apolipoprotein AI. The
      products from the lysed cells and their culture medium were purified by
      immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient gel electrophoresis and
      subsequent electroelution of the apo AI band. The proform sediments associated
      with a particle of density 1.16-1.20 g/ml. The serum proteinase which is
      inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but not by sulfhydryl reagents, is
      presumably a serine proteinase.

PMID- 6420310
TI  - An immunohistological study of reactive lymphoid tissue.
AB  - The aim of this study was to document the patterns of cytoplasmic Ig heavy and
      light chain expression in reactive lymphoid tissue, using single and double
      immunoenzymatic labelling techniques. This investigation was undertaken, firstly,
      to provide information on whether the normal counterparts of high grade lymphoma
      cells (e.g. centroblasts, immunoblasts) ever express more than one light or heavy
      chain (as has been noted in the past for lymphomas) and also, secondly, to seek
      evidence of intraclonal 'switching' from cytoplasmic IgM to cytoplasmic IgG
      expression. Paraffin embedded sections, all showing substantial reactive changes,
      were analysed by means of immunoperoxidase stains for the three major
      immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM and IgA), both light chain classes and J chain.
      In addition, double immunoenzymatic labelling techniques were used to search for
      cells showing simultaneous expression of kappa and lambda light chains and cells
      expressing mu and gamma heavy chain. Large transformed lymphocytes showing
      cytoplasmic Ig-staining in the pulp and interfollicular areas often have nuclear
      morphology indistinguishable from germinal centre centroblasts. There was no
      evidence of primitive appearing IgM-positive cells and IgG-positive cells of more
      mature morphology. In addition, immunoenzymatic staining showed that cells
      simultaneously expressing both IgG and IgM are only rarely encountered. When such
      cells were detected, the morphology was not that of a blast cell, but rather of a
      plasma cell containing Russel bodies. Hence it is suggested that cytoplasmic IgM
      switching to IgG is rarely detected by immunohistological methods in reactive
      tissue. Double staining for kappa and lambda revealed that cells simultaneously
      expressing both light chain types were not detected even among cells showing the
      most primitive morphology.

PMID- 6420311
TI  - Hormonal correlates of parental behavior in male rats.
AB  - Groups of seven intact male Long-Evans hooded rats were housed with pups for 1,
      7, 14, or 22 days and their parental behavior was recorded each day. All but one
      male showed parental behavior. Twenty-eight control males were housed without
      pups. At the end of each observation period the males were decapitated and their
      trunk blood was collected for hormone analysis by radioimmunoassay. Males with
      pups had lower prolactin levels than control males on all 4 days but did not
      differ in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or testosterone
      levels from males without pups. Both prolactin and testosterone levels were
      correlated positively with the frequency of parental behavior, suggesting that
      the males which are behaviorally the most responsive to infants are also
      hormonally the most responsive.

PMID- 6420312
TI  - Recent developments in individual psychotherapy.
AB  - Individual psychotherapy, the pivotal modality of psychiatry, has undergone a
      constant revolution since the inception of psychoanalysis; over the years the
      treatment models have shifted from dynamic to behavioral to experiential. The
      author discusses forces, such as economic pressures to establish cost
      effectiveness, that have precipitated these changes. After reviewing comparative
      studies of the efficacy of psychotherapy, he examines new developments in
      individual psychotherapy such as brief treatment and cognitive therapy for
      depressive disorders. The efficacy of combined techniques, the impact of
      diagnostic tools and training manuals, and ethical issues, such as sexism, are
      also explored.

PMID- 6420313
TI  - PPS spawns new contract management growth areas.

PMID- 6420314
TI  - Febrile gastroenteritis after a Caribbean cruise.

PMID- 6420315
TI  - Management of knee pain.

PMID- 6420316
TI  - Metabolic and functional cardiovascular imaging.

PMID- 6420317
TI  - Topical corticosteroids in dermatologic disorders.

PMID- 6420318
TI  - Systemic cryptococcal infection in homosexual.

PMID- 6420319
TI  - Emergency evaluation of the comatose patient.

PMID- 6420320
TI  - Teratogens: an update.

PMID- 6420321
TI  - The case of the small-bowel nodules.

PMID- 6420322
TI  - Malpractice, medical discipline, and the public.

PMID- 6420323
TI  - A pregnant women with 'large' eyes.

PMID- 6420324
TI  - Hemorrhagic bullae after a day's saltwater fishing.

PMID- 6420325
TI  - An irritable infant in respiratory distress.

PMID- 6420326
TI  - Severe liver disease years after car crash.

PMID- 6420327
TI  - Dysplastic nevus syndrome.

PMID- 6420329
TI  - Rat X mouse T-cell hybrids with inducible specific cytolytic activity.

PMID- 6420328
TI  - Human C4 polymorphism: pedigree analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and
      functional parameters as a basis for phenotype interpretations.
AB  - Ten families with 82 members were investigated for C4A- and B polymorphism in a
      blind trial. Phenotyping was done on neuraminidase treated sera by immunofixation
      and simultaneously by hemolytic overlay electrophoresis. In addition Rg, Ch, BF,
      C2, HLA-A, B, C, DR, and GLO were determined. After decoding the samples the
      reliability of blind typing was found to be 84.4% according to segregation
      patterns. Inconsistencies occurred mostly when A4, A2, or A92 were present. The
      detection of silent A*Q0 and B*Q0 alleles was more critical than that of
      "difficult" allotypes. The quantitation of the C4A/B ratio by densitometry of
      stained gels or by conventional immunochemical measurements of serum C4 level
      could not substantially improve the identification of A*Q0 or B*Q0. C4 dependent
      activity in radial diffusion hemolysis showed satisfactory correspondence with
      the number of expressed C4B alleles. At least three haplotypes with two C4A genes
      (duplicated A genes) were observed as ascertained from offspring analysis in
      accordance with the MHC segregation pattern. Individuals with the duplicated C4A
      gene (C4A*3, A*2, in the absence of any other expressed A allele or together with
      C4A*92) showed only partial inhibition of Rodgers antisera. Partial inhibition of
      Chido antisera was seen in individuals with C4B 2 (in the absence of other B
      allotypes). The findings support the hypothesis of at least two structural C4
      loci. They also demonstrate the inconsistency of quantitative data in the
      recognition of silent alleles.

PMID- 6420330
TI  - Immune-interferon (IFN-gamma), macrophage-activating factors (MAFs), and colony
      stimulating factors (CSFs) secreted by T cell clones in limiting dilution
      microcultures, long-term cultures, and by T cell hybridomas.

PMID- 6420331
TI  - P-cell stimulating factor: characterization, action on multiple lineages of bone
      marrow-derived cells and role in oncogenesis.
AB  - T-cell hybridomas have allowed us to define unequivocally a group of 3 distinct
      molecules, TCGF, T-cell GM-CSF, and PSF, as the products of the activated T-cell.
      It is becoming increasingly evident that these T-cell-derived molecules, together
      with a fourth, interferon-gamma, (Wong et al. 1982, 1983), affect a wide range of
      cell-types. The molecule which we have studied in greatest detail, PSF, probably
      effects every lineage of non-lymphoid bone-marrow-derived cells. We have evidence
      that PSF acts in vivo as an important mediator in a pleotropic defence and repair
      response to antigens that involves all the non-lymphoid elements of the blood.
      Finally, there is evidence that PSF-dependent cells can become immortal, and that
      activation and functional expression of the PSF gene can occur in such cells and
      result in autonomy and tumorigenesis. Clonal sources of T-cell lymphokines and
      clonal targets for lymphokine assays, formed the basis of recent progress in
      defining the number and nature of non-antigen-specific T cell products; cloning
      of the genes coding for these lymphokines should result in a similar impetus to
      the investigation of the physiology and possible therapeutic role of T-cell
      lymphokines, and lead to new insights into the control of gene expression and the
      role of these factors in oncogenesis.

PMID- 6420332
TI  - Isolation and long-term serial cultivation of endothelial cells from the
      microvessels of the adult human dermis.
AB  - A method to isolate and maintain microvascular endothelial cells from the
      cutaneous vessels of adult human skin in long-term culture has been developed.
      Endothelial cells lining the microvessels of the papillary dermis are released
      from surrounding tissue during a brief trypsin incubation (0.3% trypsin, 1%
      EDTA). Cells are plated onto a fibronectin substrate and maintained in Leibovitz
      (L15) culture medium containing pooled human serum (50%) and antibiotics.
      Proliferation is dependent upon the presence of several additional growth
      factors, cholera enterotoxin (1 X 10(-9) M), isobutyl methylxanthine (3.3 X 10(
      5) M), and medium conditioned by explant culture of the mouse EHS sarcoma. Using
      this supplemented medium, cells proliferate readily and can be cultivated
      serially for more than 6 passages (3 months in vitro). These cells retain their
      characteristic endothelial cell morphology, stain positively for Factor VIII
      antigen, and contain Weibel-Palade bodies.

PMID- 6420333
TI  - Lack of correlation between mycoplasma induced IFN-gamma production in vitro and
      natural killer cell activity against FLD-3 cells.
AB  - Interferon (IFN) stimulates natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of tumor
      cells. However, it is not clear whether IFN production is essential for NK cells
      to lyse their target cells in vitro, especially in long-term (greater than 18
      hrs) assays. To investigate this, 0.5 X 10(6) normal mouse spleen cells were
      cocultured in RPMI 1640 medium with Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLD-3) (1 X
      10(4] for 24 hours under conditions which cause lysis of FLD-3 cells. Supernatant
      fluid from such cultures demonstrated antiviral activity (100-200 units) which
      could be identified as IFN-gamma. Prior filtration of spleen cells over nylon
      wool, and pretreatment with anti-Thy-1.2 + C' abrogated their ability to generate
      IFN-gamma without affecting their NK (FLD-3) activity. The IFN-gamma producing
      cell which could also be detected in spleens of nu/nu BALB/c mice lacked cell
      surface, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and NK-1.2 antigens. The stimulus for IFN-gamma induction
      appeared to be Mycoplasma arginini carried in the FLD-3 tumor cells. Although
      mycoplasma-free FLD-3 cells failed to induce IFN in vitro, they retained their
      susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis. We conclude that IFN induction is not
      essential for NK(FLD-3) cell-mediated lysis; indeed IFN detected in NK cell
      assays may be produced in response to mycoplasma infection of the tumor cells.
      The Thy-1.2 positive cells stimulated by mycoplasma to produce IFN-gamma lack
      several characteristics of T-cells or NK cells.

PMID- 6420334
TI  - Lymphocyte chemotaxis in inflammation. IX. Further characterization of lymphocyte
      chemotactic lymphokines produced by purified protein derivative-stimulation in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - As recently reported, one lymphocyte chemotactic factor (beta-LCF, mol. wt. about
      27,000) released from activated guinea-pig lymphocytes appeared to be identical
      to one of the LCFs (LCF-d) isolated from extract of purified protein derivative
      (PPD)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction sites in guinea-pigs
      with respect to antigenicity and chemotactic effect for T cells. However, the
      mol. wt. of LCF-d (about 300,000) was clearly distinct from beta-LCF. The
      experiments were undertaken to clarify the problem. beta-LCF appeared to be bound
      to some protein of normal guinea-pig serum (GPS) because the chemotactic activity
      was revealed in the fraction corresponding to that of LCF-d when the mixtures of
      beta-LCF with GPS were applied to a Sephadex G-200 column. Additionally, binding
      experiments using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled beta-LCF were
      performed; fluorescence was only detected in the chemotactic fraction. It was
      thus assumed that the lymphokine (beta-LCF) would be released from activated
      lymphocytes around the inflammatory tissue, then bound with serum protein exuded
      in the site and function as LCF-d. The possibility was supported by the evidence
      that beta-LCF like-chemotactic substance (mol. wt. about 27,000) was dissociated
      from LCF-d under acid conditions. The factor dissociated from LCF-d was also
      bound with GPS protein under neutral conditions and converted to high molecular
      substance resembling LCF-d physiochemically. Furthermore, the chemotactic
      activity of LCF-d was almost completely absorbed by antibody against GPS. It is
      thus considered that the chemotactic activity of LCF-d may be attributed to beta
      LCF released from activated lymphocytes and that some serum protein which binds
      beta-LCF may function as a carrier protein in the DTH sites.

PMID- 6420336
TI  - Dyscrania excessiva with luxatio bulborum (a case report).

PMID- 6420335
TI  - Pre-B cells in bone marrow: size distribution profile, proliferative capacity and
      peanut agglutinin binding of cytoplasmic mu chain-bearing cell populations in
      normal and regenerating bone marrow.
AB  - Pre-B cell populations in mouse bone marrow, identified by double
      immunofluorescence labelling of cytoplasmic and surface mu chains (c mu, s mu),
      have been characterized by cell size, proliferative capacity and the binding of
      peanut agglutinin (PNA). In the normal steady state of lymphocyte production the
      size distribution profile of cytocentrifuged c mu + s mu- cells was bimodal. A
      population of large cells in rapid cell cycle was revealed by arresting cells in
      mitosis with vincristine. Many c mu + s mu- cells, however, formed a nondividing
      population of small lymphocytes, resembling s mu + cells in size distribution.
      During regeneration from sublethal whole body X-irradiation (150 rads) a marked
      enrichment of large c mu + s mu- cells preceded small c mu + s mu- and s mu +
      cells; progressive changes in cell size distribution reflected a wave of B
      lymphocyte genesis. The c mu + s mu- cells in foetal liver resembled those in
      regenerating marrow. Surface binding of PNA characterised all c mu + s mu- cell
      populations in normal and regenerating bone marrow and in foetal liver, whereas
      only a minority of s mu + cells and mu-negative marrow cells bound PNA strongly.
      The present size distribution analyses allow a correlation with other cytological
      and functional studies of marrow lymphocyte precursors in defining the place of
      pre-B cells in B lymphocyte genesis.

PMID- 6420337
TI  - Hemolytic disease of the newborn in Rh(D) positive mothers.

PMID- 6420338
TI  - Detection of protein energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6420339
TI  - [Interactions between filling materials and the dental pulp].

PMID- 6420340
TI  - [Enteral or parenteral feeding therapy. Comparative clinical study].
AB  - We investigated 20 patients - randomized into two groups - in a period of six
      postoperative days. We wanted to prove, whether parenteral and enteral feeding
      show differences in their nutritional effect. Both, parenteral and enteral
      nutrition had the same content of calories and nitrogen. The application of
      parenteral nutrition proceeded via central venous catheter and of enteral
      nutrition via tube feeding into the first part of the jejunum. There were no
      differences to be shown between both groups. Changes of the investigated datas
      from day to day had been typical changes within the postaggression syndrome. It
      was proven that tube feeding could be started in the early postoperative period.
      The tube diet was well tolerated and totally absorbed in the intestine. We
      believe that this form of tube feeding with a special diet may be a definite
      alternative to parenteral nutrition in patients within intensive care units and
      after surgery also in the very early postoperative period.

PMID- 6420341
TI  - [Enteral-parenteral feeding with high protein content in++ severe cranio-cerebral
      injuries].
AB  - Brain injured patients (BIP) usually have hugh losses of nitrogen in the early
      posttraumatic period. Investigations on protein catabolism in 10 young male BIP,
      not being moribund, were performed to answer the question whether N-loss can be
      minimized by an enteral-parenteral nutrition with high protein content (greater
      than 2 g protein/kg body weight). N-balance, 24-h urinary excretion of creatinin
      and 3-methylhistidine were measured for 8 days after the accident. The alimentary
      regime, being adapted to body weight, included for an adult 70-kg patient the
      intake of 470 g carbohydrates, 170 g aminoacids/proteins and 45 g fats per day
      (3040 kcal/day = 12700 kJ/day with 112 kcal/g N = 468 kJ/g N). Laboratory data
      indicated a stimulated muscle turnover rate and a considerable protein
      catabolism. The waste of endogenous sources could therefore not be prevented by
      the presented combined nutritional regime.

PMID- 6420342
TI  - [Acute kidney failure in secondary renal oxalosis. Additional indications for a
      causal connection to xylitol infusions].
AB  - A 35 years old female developed a slowly progressive acute renal failure after
      surgical drainage of a pancreatic abscess. Due to the uncharacteristic course a
      renal biopsy was performed which revealed a severe obstructive renal oxalosis
      with concomitant interstitial nephritis. Primary oxalosis was excluded by
      determination of glyceric and glycolic acid in the urine. Since other
      preconditions for increased oxalate formation were not present it was considered
      as an adverse reaction to the parenteral application of xylitol. During 4 weeks
      of total parenteral nutrition the patient received this sugar alcohol in a dose
      of 3.0 g/kg/day (total dose 4480 g). In recognition of preceding autopsy studies
      and recent experimental investigations on the metabolic pathways from xylitol to
      oxalate the chances and conditions of renal deposition of calcium oxalate after
      administration of xylitol are discussed.

PMID- 6420343
TI  - Reactivity of alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen of Coccidioides
      immitis with anti-Coccidioides immunoglobulin M precipitin antibody.
AB  - The alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen of Coccidioides immitis (C
      ASWS) mycelia and spherules was shown to react with anti-Coccidioides
      immunoglobulin M (IgM) precipitin antibody, both in the classical tube precipitin
      test and in the immunodiffusion assay for tube precipitin antibody (IDTP). The
      reactions obtained between C-ASWS and reference IgM precipitin antibody were
      identical to the reaction obtained when reference coccidioidin (CDN) was used.
      Definitive proof that C-ASWS extracts contain antigenic determinants that are
      reactive with IgM tube precipitin antibody was obtained by solid-phase
      immunoadsorption. Elution of reference IDTP antiserum over a column containing
      mycelium C-ASWS coupled to Sepharose 4B completely adsorbed precipitin antibody;
      i.e., reactivity in the IDTP was demonstrable in the column eluate but not in the
      column effluent fraction. The antigenic composition of C-ASWS extracts was
      evaluated and compared with that of CDN by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis
      against burro anti-CDN. The results established that both mycelium and spherule C
      ASWS contain antigenic determinants in common with only one antigen present in
      CDN. The latter, designated antigen 2, is a large polymer which is predominant
      among the antigenic components in CDN. On a dry weight comparison, antigen 2
      determinants were most concentrated in spherule C-ASWS, followed by mycelium C
      ASWS and reference IDTP antigen. The finding that C-ASWS extracts are reactive
      with IgM tube precipitin antibody and are antigenically identical to antigen 2 in
      CDN suggests that antigen 2 is the biologically active component of CDN in tube
      precipitin assays.

PMID- 6420344
TI  - Role of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system of
      Streptococcus mutans GS5 in the regulation of lactose uptake.
AB  - When Streptococcus mutans GS5 was grown in equimolar (5 mM) amounts of glucose
      and lactose, a classical diauxic growth curve was obtained. Glucose was taken up
      during the first growth phase, followed by a 60-min lag, and then lactose was
      transported. Synthesis of lactose phosphotransferase system (PTS) enzymes was
      repressed until the complete exhaustion of glucose, indicative of an inducer
      exclusion mechanism of repression. The enzyme phospho-beta-galactosidase,
      however, was found in small amounts even in the presence of glucose. Repression
      was not observed when GS5 was grown in equimolar amounts of fructose and lactose.
      Although fructose was taken up preferentially, synthesis of the lactose PTS
      occurred from the onset of growth in these sugars. It is proposed that a
      component of the glucose PTS may be a regulatory factor in lactose transport.
      Glucose PTS- mutants did not display diauxic growth in glucoselactose mixtures
      and, in fact, transported the disaccharide preferentially.

PMID- 6420346
TI  - Effect of antiflagellar serum in the protection of mice against Clostridium
      chauvoei.
AB  - Specific antiflagellar serum of Clostridium chauvoei showed a powerful protective
      effect which prevented bacterial growth in the liver, but not in infected muscle,
      against intramuscular challenge with calcium chloride-activated spores in normal
      mice. No protective effect was observed in mice with polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      depleted by cyclophosphamide treatment. The antiflagellar serum had approximately
      the same protective effect in mice with macrophages blocked selectively by
      carrageenan as it did in normal mice. We suggest that the antiflagellar serum
      exerted its effect by opsonic function and that opsonized C. chauvoei was
      eliminated mainly by polymorphonuclear leucocytes rather than by macrophages.

PMID- 6420345
TI  - F41 antigen among porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains lacking K88,
      K99, and 987P pili.
AB  - Colonial morphological variations among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli which
      lack K88, K99, and 987P (3P-) were shown to be correlated with expression of
      several surface antigens, i.e., type 1 pili, F41 pili, and somatic and capsular
      antigens. Such correlations were established by electron microscopy, serology,
      and hemagglutination of cells derived from these specific colonial types.
      Identification of F41 produced by the 3P- enterotoxigenic E. coli strains was
      made by immunodiffusion in agarose gel, immunofluorescence microscopy, subunit
      molecular weight determination in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and hemagglutination of F41-piliated 3P- cells and purified F41
      pili. Two of the 3P- enterotoxigenic E. coli strains were also shown to be
      virulent in conventional neonatal pigs and calves. Intense immunofluorescence
      staining by reference F41 serum of ileal villi of 3P- -infected animals indicated
      that F41 was expressed during the disease process.

PMID- 6420347
TI  - Immunization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-molecular-weight polysaccharides
      prevents death from Pseudomonas burn infections in mice.
AB  - High-molecular-weight polysaccharides from the extracellular slime of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa were evaluated as immunogens in Pseudomonas burn infections in mice.
      Immunization with immunotype 1 or 2 polysaccharides induced a strong immunotype
      specific and weak cross-reactive antibody response but protected mice against
      burn infections caused by either immunotype. Passive protection was provided by
      rabbit antiserum to immunotype 1 polysaccharide against burn infection by the
      homologous organism. Pseudomonas high-molecular-weight polysaccharides are
      potentially effective vaccines in burn infections.

PMID- 6420348
TI  - Alterations in production of immunoglobulin classes and subclasses during
      experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
AB  - The spleens of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi were tested for their
      contents of cells producing IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 specific for the
      trinitrophenyl hapten after immunization with trinitrophenyl-Ficoll and
      trinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin at various times during the acute and chronic
      phases of the disease. Reduced splenic contents of all of these cells was the
      characteristic of the acute period, and a return to normal levels occurred during
      the chronic stage. However, the density of IgG2a- and IgG2b-producing plaque
      forming cells in the spleen was not restored to normality until 130 days
      postinfection, i.e., long after the chronic phase had been attained, reflecting a
      diluting effect of splenomegaly on cells that produce immunoglobulin isotypes
      known to be cytotoxic for the blood form of the parasite.

PMID- 6420349
TI  - Comparative study on cat allergens from fur and saliva.
AB  - The allergenic components of cat fur extract were localized in the molecular
      weight range 65,000-40,000 and had a pI of 3.9-5, except one with a more acid pI
      of 3.5. The fraction with a mean molecular weight of 65,000 contained proteins of
      pI 4.5-5 and mainly cat serum albumin. The fraction with a mean molecular weight
      of 40,000 showed two peaks of activity. One of them was associated with a protein
      of pI 3.5, and immunodiffusion analysis showed the presence of 'Cat Allergen
      One'. A comparative study on cat saliva showed that the allergenic activity was
      restricted to proteins of the same molecular weight range. 'Cat Allergen One' was
      present in the fraction of molecular weight 40,000.

PMID- 6420350
TI  - Cell cycle perturbations in heterotransplanted squamous-cell carcinoma of the
      head and neck after mitomycin C and cisplatin treatment.
AB  - Cell kinetic studies are of interest for clarifying the concepts of
      chemotherapeutic strategy in the multimodality therapy of advanced squamous-cell
      carcinoma of the head and neck. A poorly-differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma
      of the head and neck heterotransplanted to nude mice was used for analyses of
      chemotherapeutically induced cell cycle perturbations. The heterotransplanted
      tumour, in its 15th or later passages in nude mice, was treated with either
      Mitomycin C or cisplatin. After determination of dose-response relationships and
      toxicity, treated tumours were biopsied at different times and cell cycle
      distribution pattern, 3HTdR incorporation into DNA, histology and tumour volume
      were recorded. Mitomycin C and cisplatin gave the same pattern of cell cycle
      perturbations, although the changes induced by cisplatin were more profound.
      There was an initial increase of the fraction of cells in the S phase,
      concomitant with a reduction of the fraction of cells in G0 + G1 phase. When
      these perturbations were normalized a transient increase of the fraction of cells
      in G2 + M phase was observed. However, while cisplatin caused an initial
      transient depression of DNA synthesis, the Mitomycin-C-treated tumours exhibited
      a short-lasting increase of DNA-synthesis. The maxima of the induced changes in
      cell cycle phase distribution and DNA-synthesis lasted for only 24-48 h, which
      may be of importance for scheduling combinations of drugs. Though both drugs
      induced profound changes in tumour volume growth and cell kinetics, there was no
      change in the histopathological picture of the treated tumours. Routine
      histopathological examination is thus not likely to be of value evaluating the
      effect of chemotherapy.

PMID- 6420351
TI  - Activated macrophages are responsible for the tumor-inhibitory effect in mice
      receiving intravenous injection of OK-432.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells, either pretreated in vitro with 100 U/ml of OK-432-induced
      IFN gamma for 18 h or obtained from mice 24 or 48 h after i.v. injection of OK
      432(100 micrograms/mouse), were examined for their anti-tumor effect by Winn's
      neutralization assay against Meth-A tumor cells in BALB/c mice. Spleen cells
      treated in vitro or obtained in vivo 24 h after i.v. injection clearly
      neutralized the growth of admixed Meth-A cells. Two booster injections of 200 U
      of IFN gamma near the tumor site accelerated this neutralizating effect. In order
      to determine the effector subpopulation, inhibitory spleen cells were treated
      with either anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody plus complement, anti-asialo GM1 serum
      plus complement or with adherence on plastic plates followed by Sephadex G-10
      column treatment. The effector cell activity in Winn assay was lost only after
      the removal of macrophages through plastic plate adherence and Sephadex G-10
      column treatment, but not after anti-Thy-1 or anti-asialo GM1 treatment, with
      either in vitro- or in vivo-treated spleen-cell populations. The growth of Meth-A
      cells was inhibited not only by these activated macrophages in Winn's assay, but
      also by adoptive transfer of OK-432-induced cytotoxic macrophages intralesionally
      4 days after the implantation of 1 X 10(6) Meth-A cells. Our evidence suggests
      that the systemic action of OK-432 can be explained by the effect of induced
      IFNgamma, through the activation of macrophages.

PMID- 6420352
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of sustained action buccal nitroglycerin in severe
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Vasodilators, such as nitroglycerin, have been widely used in the treatment of
      acute and chronic heart failure for therapeutic manipulation of the venous and
      arterial circulations to improve left ventricular function. We have tested the
      efficacy of a new formulation for sustained release buccal delivery of
      nitroglycerin (biological life 5-6 hr) in 21 patients with severe congestive
      heart failure due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy using maximal treadmill exercise
      testing and radionuclide angiography. A single-blind placebo-controlled acute and
      an open chronic phase (4 weeks) of treatment were employed. The mean dose was
      23.4 mg daily, and clinical assessment suggested significant improvement in 15
      patients. The mean ejection fraction (placebo) of 14.1% +/- 1.6 SEM increased to
      19.1% +/- 1.7 (acute) and to 21.6% +/- 1.7 (chronic treatment) (P less than
      0.001; n = 16). The mean exercise time increased from 3.02 +/- 0.4 min (basal) to
      5.95 +/- 0.6 min (chronic) (P less than 0.001). Segmental wall motion abnormality
      was shown to improve after treatment for 4 weeks. There were no major side
      effects. Nine patients were reassessed after 24 weeks on the same regimen;
      exercise time and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar to the 4-week
      period, thus demonstrating a sustained improvement in cardiac function and
      functional capacity. A worthwhile functional and objective haemodynamic
      improvement was demonstrated in these patients with severe chronic congestive
      heart failure. This mode of treatment may have useful therapeutic value in the
      management of patients with a wide range of ischaemic heart failure.

PMID- 6420353
TI  - Heart failure and hepatitis in a patient taking tocainide.
AB  - We report, for the first time to our knowledge, heart failure and liver
      abnormalities which developed after 2 months of treatment with tocainide.

PMID- 6420354
TI  - Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures in adults.
AB  - The incidence, aetiology and trends in fractures of the facial bones occurring in
      the years 1965, 1970, 1975 and 1980 in the Grampian Region of Scotland are
      reported. A 2.7 fold increase in incidence occurred during this period. Males are
      seen to be most at risk and an increase in assault and sports-related trauma is
      seen. Offshore oil exploration developed during this period and its effects are
      discussed. Attention is drawn to the differences in the aetiology of right and
      left malar fractures.

PMID- 6420355
TI  - Radiographic, pathological and operative observations of cases with TMJ
      disturbance syndrome.
AB  - A group of 30 operative cases (32 sides) with TMJ disturbance syndrome was
      included in the present study. The authors carried out a comparative study
      between radiographic, pathological and operative observations for these cases.
      Based on this study, we are confident that the nature of the organic destructive
      stage of the TMJ disturbance syndrome is essentially a secondary degenerative
      arthrosis, and that those cases showing transient PDS are probably functional and
      reversible; however, the indolent and deferred cases with internal derangement of
      TMJ actually belong to earlier manifestations of degenerative arthrosis.

PMID- 6420356
TI  - Mandibular atrophy and metabolic bone loss. A radiologic analysis of 126
      edentulous patients.
AB  - An analysis of 69 edentulous patients with severe atrophy of the mandible and
      submitted to ridge augmentation, together with 57 normal edentulous patients,
      revealed in about half of the patients with a severe atrophy radiological
      evidence of metabolic bone loss. In the group of normal edentulous patients, this
      was only found in post-menopausal women.

PMID- 6420357
TI  - A study of operative treatment and bacteriological examination of persistent oro
      antral fistulas.
AB  - A retrospective study of 35 patients with oro-antral fistulas of more than 2
      weeks duration is presented. Treatment results by using the Rehrmann plastic
      procedure, as well as complications and sequelae are described. The results of
      bacteriological examination in 15 patients with maxillary sinusitis in
      association with oro-antral fistulas are presented. The bacteriological findings
      suggest that broad spectrum antibiotics in certain conditions should be
      administered in cases of persisting oro-antral fistulas associated with maxillary
      sinusitis. The results of the present study show that the Rehrmann-operation
      proves satisfactory even in treatment-resistent cases.

PMID- 6420358
TI  - Eagle-like syndrome.

PMID- 6420359
TI  - Intraligamentary--intraosseous anesthesia. A radiographic demonstration.
AB  - Intraligamentary dental anesthesia has become a widely accepted technique. The
      periodontal ligament seems to provide easy access to the tooth apex. In the
      present study, radiopaque material was injected into baboon monkeys. Serial
      radiographs during incremental injections showed clouding of the crestal bone.
      The material was seen gradually advancing through the alveolar bone crest,
      apically. The spread was noticed through the marrow spaces, unexpectedly avoiding
      the PDL route.

PMID- 6420360
TI  - Peripheral ameloblastoma. Report of a case.
AB  - The peripheral ameloblastoma is a rare tumor of the oral cavity, of which
      relatively few well-documented cases have been reported. A 54-year-old Caucasian
      male was found to have such a lesion in the posterior maxilla. The origin,
      histological appearance, and surgical treatment of this lesion is discussed.
      Histologically, the peripheral ameloblastoma is indistinguishable from the basal
      cell carcinoma, the occurrence of which is controversial in the oral cavity.

PMID- 6420361
TI  - A case of benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the hard palate.
AB  - The benign lymphoepithelial lesion is a rare condition, most frequently affecting
      the parotid gland. A review of the literature brought to light 4 earlier cases
      with localization in the accessory salivary glands in the oral cavity. The
      present report presents a 5th case arising from the accessory salivary glands on
      the left side of the hard palate. Destruction of the underlying bone was
      demonstrated radiologically; the latter has not previously been described. The
      present report contains a survey of the literature, as well as a review of the
      pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of the disease.

PMID- 6420362
TI  - Benign osteoblastoma or osteoid osteoma of the maxilla. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of a benign osteoblastoma or osteoid osteoma in the maxilla of a 20-year
      old female, treated by a conservative surgical approach, has been reported. It
      has been suggested, as has been done by others in the past, to consider the
      benign osteoblastoma and the osteoid osteoma of the jaw bones as one entity of
      osteoblastic derivation rather than using arbitrary distinguishing factors such
      as size. Apart from the relation between osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma, the
      relation between osteoblastoma and cementoblastoma is discussed, the most
      important distinguishing factor apparently being the true attachment to the root
      cementum of a tooth. In the list of differential diagnoses, the cementifying or
      ossifying fibroma should also be taken into account.

PMID- 6420363
TI  - A family with hereditary ankyloglossia complicated by heterochromia irides and a
      congenital clasped thumb.
AB  - We experienced a family with hereditary ankyloglossia complicated by
      heterochromia irides and a congenital clasped thumb. This is considered to be a
      rare case because, to our knowledge, there have been no published reports on such
      cases of hereditary complications to date.

PMID- 6420364
TI  - Reversible tubular proteinuria associated with hyperglycemic ketoacidosis in type
      1 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Urinary protein excretion has been investigated in 14 children with hyperglycemic
      ketoacidosis secondary to diabetes mellitus. In 9 patients hyperglycemic
      ketoacidosis was the first manifestation of their disease and 5 patients were
      known diabetics and accidentally developed hyperglycemic ketoacidosis. A control
      group consisted of 15 diabetic children aged 7-16 years with good metabolic
      control. Duration of the disease ranged from 1 month to 9 years. A second group
      of controls consisted of 24 healty children aged 10-16 years. Urinary protein
      fractions were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Tubular proteinuria was found in all diabetic patients during
      hyperglycemic ketoacidosis and disappeared in all cases within 4 weeks of
      establishing satisfactory diabetic control. The pathological basis and effect of
      transient tubulointerstitial insufficiency as indicated by transient tubular
      proteinuria is discussed.

PMID- 6420365
TI  - Angina pectoris and cold.
AB  - Ten patients with angina pectoris and a history of cold intolerance performed
      symptom limited work tests at +18 degrees C and at -17 degrees C. At -17 degrees
      C the work capacity was found to be 20% lower than at +18 degrees C. In nine of
      the patients the work load necessary to elicit anginal pain was lower in the
      cold. Nitroglycerine given before cycling increased the work capacity in the cold
      to levels obtained in room temperature, mainly due to a decrease in the systolic
      blood pressure.

PMID- 6420366
TI  - Nucleoside phosphorylase activity of Octopus vulgaris hepatopancreas.
AB  - From a research on partially purified extracts of Octopus vulgaris hepatopancreas
      a number of properties of the nucleosidase present in such extracts have been
      defined, such as enzyme affinity towards different purine and pyrimidine ribo-
      and deoxyribo-nucleosides. The phosphorolytic mechanism of action of the Octopus
      enzyme system is similar to the mechanism already known for many nucleosidases
      from animal tissues. The possibility is envisaged of two different nucleosidases
      being present, one specific for ribonucleosides, with an acid optimum pH, and the
      other one for deoxyribonucleosides, with an alkaline pH optimum. Adenosine
      deaminase also appears to be a component of Octopus hepatopancreas.

PMID- 6420367
TI  - Use of new bacterial vaccines in children.

PMID- 6420368
TI  - Cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
AB  - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine may be
      a cause of cervical myelopathy. This ossification has often been encountered in
      Japan, but only sporadically among the Caucasian races. It is therefore probable
      that racial factors are relevant to the pathology. During the past four years,
      due to the routine use of computerised axial tomography (CAT) in the pre
      operative study of cervical myelopathy, we were able to show that in 13 cases
      stenosis of the vertebral canal was due to ossification of the posterior
      longitudinal ligament. This was visible in the standard radiographs in only two
      out of these 13 cases. The clinical data, diagnostic criteria and results of
      treatment are reported. This is the largest series yet reported outside Japan.

PMID- 6420369
TI  - Retention and excretion of 32P following ingestion of 32P ATP.

PMID- 6420370
TI  - Analysis of personnel exposures in neutron therapy facilities.
AB  - In conventional radiation-therapy facilities, radiation doses to medical
      personnel originate from the leakage radiation of 60Co teletherapy systems or
      from photoneutrons produced during the operation of x-ray generators at energies
      over 10 MeV in unsuitably shielded therapy rooms. In neutron-therapy facilities,
      during patient set-ups and position verifications, medical personnel are exposed
      to photons from remanent radioactivity induced in the shielding around the
      neutron-producing targets and in the beam collimators. At Fermilab, the use of an
      elevating platform limits personnel exposure periods to those times when
      collimators are being exchanged. Comparisons with other facilities are shown.

PMID- 6420371
TI  - Heart and heart-lung transplantation.

PMID- 6420372
TI  - Acid-base assessment with peripheral venous blood.

PMID- 6420373
TI  - Microbiological aspects of the preparation and administration of naso-gastric and
      naso-enteric tube feeds in hospitals--a review.
AB  - The reported instances of microbial contamination of naso-gastric and naso
      enteric feeds are reviewed and the significance of contamination discussed.
      Possible sources of contamination are suggested and factors affecting the rate of
      growth of organisms in feeds and feeding systems are considered. Comparisons are
      made with the in-use contamination of intravenous feeds.

PMID- 6420374
TI  - The effect of surgical trauma and insulin on whole-body protein turnover in
      parenterally-fed undernourished patients.
AB  - Ten undernourished patients receiving total parenteral nutrition and undergoing
      major intestinal surgery were restarted on intravenous feeds identical to their
      pre-operative regimens within 24 h of their operation. Five, chosen at random,
      received post-operatively 1-2 units insulin/kg body weight/24 h with their feed,
      while the other five received the feed only. Pre-operatively, and 2 h after
      commencing their post-operative feeds, rates of whole-body protein synthesis and
      breakdown were measured over a 9-h period following intravenous injection of a
      single tracer dose of 15N-glycine by the ammonia and urea end-product methods.
      During these 9-h study periods measurements were also made of blood glucose,
      plasma insulin and glucagon, urinary ammonia, nitrogen, creatinine and 3
      methylhistidine. Blood glucose and plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations
      rose post-operatively whether or not insulin was given, but the increment in
      insulin concentration was significantly greater when insulin was given. Apparent
      nitrogen balance was positive pre-operatively and became less so post-operatively
      whether insulin was given or not. Similarly, post-operative increments in urinary
      excretion of ammonia, creatinine and 3-methylhistidine were not altered by
      addition of insulin. Protein turnover, as estimated by the ammonia end-product
      method, tended to rise post-operatively, but there was no significant difference
      between the increases observed with or without insulin. The urea end-product
      method suggested that there was no change in whole-body protein turnover after
      surgery, whether or not insulin was given. This study does not support the
      clinical use of insulin as a means of modifying protein metabolic losses after
      major surgery.

PMID- 6420375
TI  - [Pretreatment before microsurgical interventions in the middle ear with reference
      to the current bacteriological and antibiotic situation].
AB  - Swabs were taken from 100 patients suffering from chronic otitis media or
      mastoiditis before operation to identify bacteria and their sensitivity to
      antibiotics. Recommendations are made concerning local or general preoperative
      treatment.

PMID- 6420376
TI  - Summary results from the fourth Facilities Master List survey conducted by the
      Patterns of Care Study.
AB  - The Patterns of Care Study periodically collects data on all radiation therapy
      facilities with megavoltage equipment in the U.S. The following is a summary and
      explanation of the most recent survey.

PMID- 6420377
TI  - Bronchoconstriction: upper airway dilating muscle and diaphragm activity.
AB  - The effect of bronchoconstriction on the activity of the diaphragm and the upper
      dilating airway muscles were studied by administering graded doses of
      methacholine to anesthetized dogs spontaneously breathing oxygen. The electrical
      activity of the genioglossus, posterior cricoarytenoid, and alae nasi was
      compared with that of the diaphragm at different levels of pulmonary resistance.
      Induced bronchoconstriction was associated with increases in the electrical
      activity of all muscles examined. Bilateral cervical vagotomy diminished but did
      not prevent the bronchoconstrictor effects of methacholine. When greater
      concentrations of methacholine were administered to produce bronchoconstriction
      comparable with that produced prevagotomy, both genioglossus and diaphragm
      activity increased. This study indicates that the upper airway muscles and the
      diaphragm respond to bronchoconstriction. The activation of the upper airway
      muscles with bronchoconstriction may decrease upper airway resistance serving to
      partially offset increases in pulmonary resistance and to modulate airflow
      patterns during bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 6420378
TI  - Changes in brain ECF pH during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis: a microelectrode
      study.
AB  - We used pH-sensitive double-barreled microelectrodes to measure brain
      extracellular fluid (ECF) pH in anesthetized dogs during isocapnic infusion
      acidosis (HCl) and alkalosis (Na2CO3) of 45-60 min duration. The diameter of the
      tips of these electrodes varied from less than 1 to 27 micron and were placed 5
      mm below the surface of the parietal cortex. In group I (metabolic acidosis, n =
      5) mean plasma and brain ECF pH fell significantly by 0.221 and 0.025,
      respectively, with changes in brain ECF pH being 11.3% of those noted in plasma.
      In group II (metabolic alkalosis, n = 5) mean plasma and brain ECF pH rose
      significantly by 0.170 and 0.049, respectively, with changes in brain ECF pH
      being 28.8% of those noted in plasma. Mean arterial and sagittal venous PCO2 and
      cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base variables did not change
      significantly during acid or base infusion. We conclude that during transients of
      isocapnic metabolic acid-base perturbations ionic gradients exist between brain
      ECF and CSF and that changes in brain ECF pH measured by microelectrodes follow
      the changes in plasma pH. These pH changes may play an important role in
      respiratory adaptations of acute metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

PMID- 6420379
TI  - Net O2, CO2, lactate, and acid exchange by muscle during progressive working
      contractions.
AB  - The net O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), lactate output (L), and non-CO2 acid
      output (HA) by the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group of the dog were measured
      during progressively loaded isotonic tetanic contractions. Shortening during the
      1/s contractions was maintained constant as load was increased by raising the
      stimulus voltage applied to the motor nerve. Contractions at each load continued
      for 5 min with two arterial and four venous blood samples obtained during the
      last minute at each load. Work rate (W) during the contractions was calculated
      from the load and the shortening. The VO2 increased linearly with time and W. The
      VCO2 generally followed VO2 with a modest lag during the first two work periods.
      L increased with time, W, and VO2. Maximal L was lower than that seen during
      repetitive maximal twitch contractions. HA also increased with time, W, and VO2
      and was much larger than L at the higher work rates. It is concluded that L and
      HA are independent variables during progressive working contractions, as they
      were during repetitive twitch contractions. Both L and HA patterns may be
      explained as summations of the respective exchanges of L and HA with time by
      sequentially recruited groups of muscle fibers.

PMID- 6420380
TI  - Cigarette smoke acutely increases collateral resistance in excised dog lobes.
AB  - The acute effects of cigarette smoke or drug inhalation on collateral conductance
      (Gcoll) were studied in freshly excised dog lobes held at fixed volumes. A double
      lumen catheter was wedged into a segmental bronchus, and air, smoke, or aerosol
      flowed into the blocked segment at a constant pressure of 2 cmH2O. A capsule
      glued over a small area of perforated pleura of the segment was used to measure
      alveolar pressure; the capsule could also be used to measure small airway flow
      (Vcap) through the segment. Gcoll was almost linearly dependent on lung volume,
      rising about fivefold between 20 and 100% inflation (30 cmH2O). During smoke
      inhalation Gcoll began decreasing almost immediately, roughly halving with the
      first cigarette and falling to about 20% after two cigarettes. Similar
      proportions were obtained at other lung volumes. Pulmonary conductance
      (oscillator) in the remainder of the lobe decreased only modestly to 78% of
      control after two cigarettes. In lobes exposed to 4.5% CO2 after air Gcoll rose
      25-50%, but Vcap increased only 5-10%. However, acetylcholine chloride aerosol
      reduced both flows by similar ratios. Isoproterenol did not prevent or reverse
      smoke-induced collateral constriction but did reverse the effects of
      acetylcholine on both pathways. These results suggest that in excised lungs
      aerosols acted on larger segmental airways in series with collateral channels and
      with peripheral airways, whereas CO2 and particularly cigarette smoke provoked
      more marked effects on the most distal smooth muscle.

PMID- 6420381
TI  - Variable inhibition by falling CO2 of hypoxic ventilatory response in humans.
AB  - Acute hypoxia stimulates an increase in ventilation but the resulting hypocapnia
      limits the magnitude of the increase. Thus the hypoxic ventilatory response is
      usually measured during isocapnia, but this may not reflect events at high
      altitude. We hypothesized that the degree of inhibition by hypocapnia might
      depend on individual ventilatory response to CO2 and thus vary between persons.
      To test this hypothesis we compared the isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response
      (end-tidal PCO2 maintained by CO2 addition) with the response in which CO2 was
      not added and the end-tidal PCO2 fell to a variable extent (poikilocapnic
      hypoxia). In 14 healthy persons we found that the poikilocapnic hypoxic
      ventilatory response was determined by two factors: sensitivity to isocapnic
      hypoxia acting to increase ventilation and sensitivity to CO2 acting to decrease
      the hypoxic ventilatory response. The ventilatory response to poikilocapnic
      hypoxia correlated with but was generally less than the isocapnic hypoxic
      response. The magnitude of the difference between them related to the hypercapnic
      response. Further, the results suggested that the CO2 response in the high CO2
      range related to ventilatory events in the low CO2 range. Thus the magnitude of
      ventilatory inhibition by hypocapnia may depend on individual ventilatory
      responsiveness to CO2.

PMID- 6420382
TI  - Isotopic determination of amino acid-urea interactions in exercise in humans.
AB  - We recently reported that in light exercise (30% VO2max) the oxidation of [1
      13C]leucine was significantly increased but the rate of urea production was
      unchanged (J. Appl. Physiol: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 52: 458-466,
      1982). We have therefore tested three possible explanations for this apparent
      incongruity. 1) We infused NaH13CO3 throughout rest and exercise and found that,
      although altered bicarbonate kinetics in exercise resulted in greater recovery of
      13CO2, the difference between rest and recovery was small compared with the
      increase in the rate of 13CO2 excretion during exercise when [1-13C]leucine was
      infused. 2) We infused [15N]leucine and isolated plasma urea N to determine
      directly the rate of incorporation of the 15N. During exercise there was no
      increase in the rate of 15N incorporation. Simultaneously, we infused [2,3
      13C]alanine and quantified the rate of incorporation of 15N in alanine. We found
      that [15N]alanine production from [15N] leucine more than doubled in exercise,
      and by deduction, alanine production from other amino acids also doubled. 3) We
      tested our previous assumption that [1-13C]leucine metabolism in exercise was
      representative of the metabolism of other essential amino acids by infusing [1
      13C] and [alpha-15N]lysine throughout rest and exercise. We found that the rate
      of breakdown of lysine during exercise was not increased in a manner comparable
      to that of leucine. Thus, these data confirm our original findings that leucine
      decarboxylation is enhanced in light exercise but urea production is
      unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420383
TI  - Hemodynamic and humoral effects of prostaglandin inhibition in exercising humans.
AB  - This double-blind placebo-controlled study investigated whether indomethacin
      induced (500 mg/3 days) prostaglandin synthesis inhibition (PG inhibition)
      affected systemic hemodynamics and several humoral factors in nine sodium-replete
      normal humans, during exercise. Independent of the level of physical activity, PG
      inhibition was accompanied by small but significant (P less than 0.001) increases
      in systolic (+4.3 mmHg) and diastolic (+1.8 mmHg) intra-arterial pressure: the
      changes in cardiac output (determined noninvasively), systemic vascular
      resistance, and exercise capacity did not reach a level of statistical
      significance. After PG inhibition, plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto/prostaglandin F2
      alpha, plasma renin, and aldosterone were reduced (P less than 0.001) at rest
      sitting and exercise, but PG inhibition did not prevent the exercise-induced
      stimulation of the plasma renin-aldosterone system. The urinary sodium excretion,
      averaging 156 meq/24 h during placebo, decreased (P less than 0.001) by 28 meq/24
      h during PG inhibition: urinary aldosterone and kallikrein and the plasma
      catecholamines remained unchanged. In resting and exercising sodium-replete
      subjects, prostaglandins seem to exert a depressor effect on the systemic
      circulation and to increase plasma renin activity, but they are probably not
      involved in the exercise-related stimulation of the plasma renin-aldosterone
      system.

PMID- 6420384
TI  - Effect on ventilation of change to the upright posture in newborn infants.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of postural change on tidal volume (VT),
      inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) duration, minute ventilation (VI), and end
      tidal PCO2 in a group of 11 healthy full-term sleeping infants, 2-4 days of age.
      During tilts from the supine to upright posture, the average volume increase was
      4.3 +/- 4.4 (SD) ml or 1.2 ml/kg in the maneuvers unassociated with sighs. In the
      20% of tilts in which sighs occurred, the average volume change was slightly
      higher. Transition from supine to upright posture resulted in statistically
      significant increases in VT (6.45 +/- 0.06 to 6.72 +/- 0.06 ml/kg), TI (554 +/- 7
      to 604 +/- 7 ms), and TE (629 +/- 12 to 777 +/- 14 ms), and decrease in VI (328
      +/- 5 to 288 +/- 4 ml X kg-1 X min-1) (all means +/- SE, P less than 0.0005).
      Return to supine position resulted in statistically significant changes in the
      opposite direction. Tilting to the upright posture brought about a small (0.4 +/-
      0.1 Torr, means +/- SE) but consistent statistically significant increase in end
      tidal PCO2, which persisted through the first minute when the infant was returned
      to the supine position. The expiratory prolongation observed with tilting appears
      to minimize changes in end-expiratory lung volume, obviating the need for an
      effective compensatory muscle response to defend ventilation. Thus it appears
      that infants, in contrast to adults, adopt a breathing strategy to limit the
      extent of change in absolute lung volume, rather than to defend ventilation at
      increased lung volume.

PMID- 6420385
TI  - Galactorrhea in the adolescent.
AB  - Inappropriate lactation--that which occurs beyond the usual postpartum or breast
      feeding period or in the male--has been of medical interest for centuries. There
      is a suggestion that the first recorded case occurred in the Bible in the Book of
      Esther wherein Mordecai may have breast-fed his niece Esther [1,2]. The Talmud
      describes a man who nursed his infant after his wife's death during childbirth
      [3]. Lactation in virgin women was noted by the early Greeks [4], and Aristotle
      observed lactation in men [5]. The phenomenon of "witch's milk," seen in the
      newborn, was described as early as 1684 by Bonetus [6]. The first alleged
      pediatric case of nonpuerperal lactation was of an 8-year-old girl who was able
      to suckle her baby brother as reported in the 18th Century by Baudelocque [7].
      Subsequently, many other cases of abnormal lactation were described in the 19th
      and early 20th centuries [7-10]. In the past 15 years, there has been a vast
      proliferation of cases and studies concerning galactorrhea of both sexes [11].
      The advent of the prolactin radioimmunoassay was the single most important factor
      behind the profusion of these investigations [11-14]. Most recently, attention
      has focused on the high incidence of pituitary tumors--specifically the
      prolactinoma--in women and to some degree in men [13,15]. The occurrence of such
      tumors in children and adolescents is also receiving more attention [16,17]. The
      purpose of this review is to update the reader on galactorrhea with a specific
      emphasis on: 1) outlining the various causes of galactorrhea that may be seen in
      adolescent patients; 2) describing the work-up and management of both the male
      and female adolescent patient with galactorrhea; and 3) describing what is known
      about the natural history of galactorrhea. A brief description of the physiology
      of the hypothalamic-pituitary-breast axis and lactation is also presented.

PMID- 6420386
TI  - The myxopyronins, new inhibitors of bacterial RNA synthesis from Myxococcus
      fulvus (Myxobacterales).
AB  - From the culture supernatant of the myxobacterium, Myxococcus fulvus strain Mx
      f50, an antibiotic activity was isolated which blocked growth of many Gram
      positive and several Gram-negative bacteria, but not of yeasts and fungi. The
      activity consisted of two closely related compounds, myxopyronins A and B. The
      myxopyronins appear to be new antibiotics, and seem to specifically inhibit
      bacterial RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6420387
TI  - A note on inhibition test and electrophoretic detection limits of antibiotics
      used in British animal husbandry.
AB  - A four plate microbiological inhibition test (the FPT) and a bioelectrophoretic
      method were evaluated for their ability to detect a range of antibiotic agents,
      which may be present as residues in animal tissues following their therapeutic
      use in animal husbandry. Both methods exhibited a wide range of sensitivities and
      several of the tested antibiotics could not be detected by either method. The
      pattern of responses across the bacterial plates in the FPT could not be used to
      identify agents and the bioelectrophoretic inhibition zone diameters were
      generally too large to allow the use of Rs values for identification. The
      Bacillus subtilis pH 7.2 plate with trimethoprim added was as effective as the
      four bacterial plates used in the FPT in antibiotic detection.

PMID- 6420388
TI  - Effect of the pH and osmolality of urine on the antibacterial activity of
      gentamicin.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of gentamicin against five strains each of Escherichia
      coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was followed by kinetic killing studies. Human
      urine having a variable osmolality and adjusted to pH 5.0 or 6.0 was used.
      Gentamicin was added at a final concentration of 10 or 50 mg/l. It was shown that
      human urine inhibited the action of gentamicin and that effect was enhanced in
      acid urine and depressed when the osmolality of the urine was lower. The pH and
      osmolality of urine variably affected the activity of gentamicin depending on the
      bacterial species. Lower osmolality rendered Ps. aeruginosa strains more easily
      susceptible to gentamicin as compared to E. coli. The data of the present study
      may be useful in clinical practice in the treatment of urinary infections; in
      cases of urine with low osmolality relatively low doses of gentamicin might be
      sufficient. In contrast, problems may be encountered in urinary infections in
      patients with renal insufficiency where reduced dosage of the drug is suggested.
      In those cases dilution and alkalinization of urine would be beneficial.

PMID- 6420389
TI  - Bacillus subtilis spo0H gene.
AB  - A 2.8-kilobase fragment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome containing a
      functional spo0H gene was cloned by using a modification of the helper system
      described by T. Gryczan and co-workers (T. Gryczan, S. Contente, and D. Dubnau,
      Mol. Gen. Genet. 177:459-467, 1980). The chromosomal segment specifically
      complements spo0H mutations in recE4 strains and when integrated into the
      chromosome of Rec+ strains maps in the spo0H region of the B. subtilis genome. A
      deletion within the transcribed region of the cloned spo0H gene was constructed
      which abolishes its spo0H+-complementing activity. DNA sequences containing this
      deletion were introduced into a B. subtilis Rec+ strain containing the spo0H75
      mutation. The absence of recombination between the deletion and the spo0H
      mutation indicates that both reside in the same gene. There is homology between
      the B. subtilis spo0H gene and a 1.2-kilobase chromosomal fragment from Bacillus
      licheniformis which also complements B. subtilis spo0H mutations. In vivo
      transcription mapping experiments have shown that the B. subtilis spo0H gene is
      transcribed during vegetative growth as well as during sporulation.

PMID- 6420390
TI  - Genetics of leucine biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium QM B1551.
AB  - Genes involved in the biosynthesis of leucine have been mapped in Bacillus
      megaterium QM B1551, using transducing phage MP13. Mutations were designated
      leuA, leuB, or leuC on the basis of enzyme assays. Two mutant strains were
      deficient in the enzyme activities of leuA (alpha-isopropylmalate synthase) and
      leuC (beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase) and so may contain polar mutations.
      Fine-structure transduction mapping established the gene order leuC-leuB-leuA-ilv
      hem-phe. The orientation of the leu genes to the ilv gene is the same as in
      Bacillus subtilis, but the relationship in respect to two other linked markers,
      hem and phe, differs.

PMID- 6420391
TI  - Heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus.
AB  - The morphological and ultrastructural aspects of heterocyst differentiation in
      the branching, filamentous cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus were examined
      with light and electron microscopy. The earliest differentiation stages involved
      cytoplasmic changes, including (i) rapid degradation of carboxysomes, (ii)
      degradation of polysaccharide granules, and (iii) accumulation of electron-dense
      ribosomal or protein material (or both). Intermediate differentiation stages
      involved synthesis of a homogeneous extra wall layer, development of necks
      leading to adjacent cells, and elaboration of a complex system of
      intracytoplasmic membranes. Late differentiation stages included further
      development of necks and continued elaboration of membranes. Mature heterocysts
      possessed a uniformly electron-dense cytoplasm that contained large numbers of
      closely packed membranes, some of which were arranged in lamellar stacks. Mature
      heterocysts lacked all of the inclusion bodies present in undifferentiated
      vegetative cells, but contained a number of unusual spherical inclusions of
      variable electron density. Cells in both narrow and wide filaments were capable
      of differentiating. No regular heterocyst spacing pattern was observed in the
      narrow filaments; the number of vegetative cells between consecutive heterocysts
      of any given filament varied by a factor of 10. Heterocysts developed at a
      variety of locations in the wide, branching filaments, although the majority of
      them were situated adjacent to branch points. M. laminosus displayed a marked
      tendency to produce sets of adjacent heterocysts or proheterocysts (or both) that
      were not separated from each other by vegetative cells. Groups of four or more
      adjacent heterocysts or proheterocysts occurred frequently in wide filaments, and
      in some of these filaments virtually all of the cells appeared to be capable of
      differentiating into heterocysts.

PMID- 6420392
TI  - Pyocin R1 inhibits active transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and depolarizes
      membrane potential.
AB  - Pyocin R1, a bacteriocin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibited active transport of
      proline in the presence of high concentrations of malate and magnesium salt.
      Pyocin R1 did not affect the respiration of sensitive cells nor induce cell
      lysis, but it caused a decrease in the intracellular ATP level. In addition, a
      passive inflow of [14C]thiocyanate anion, a probe of membrane potential, was
      induced by pyocin R1, showing a depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane. It is
      considered that membrane depolarization is a primary action of pyocin R1.

PMID- 6420393
TI  - Chromosomal location and function of genes affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      nitrate assimilation.
AB  - Seven known genes control Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrate assimilation. Three of
      the genes, designated nas, are required for the synthesis of assimilatory nitrate
      reductase: nasC encodes a structural component of the enzyme; nasA and nasB
      encode products that participate in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor
      of the enzyme. A fourth gene (nis) is required for the synthesis of assimilatory
      nitrite reductase. The remaining three genes (ntmA, ntmB, and ntmC) control the
      assimilation of a number of nitrogen sources. The nas genes and two ntm genes
      have been located on the chromosome and are well separated from the known nar
      genes which encode synthesis of dissimilatory nitrate reductase. Our data support
      the previous conclusion that P. aeruginosa has two distinct nitrate reductase
      systems, one for the assimilation of nitrate and one for its dissimilation.

PMID- 6420394
TI  - Purification of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae adhesin by monoclonal antibody affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - A 165,000-dalton surface protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, designated protein P1,
      appears to be the major attachment ligand of the pathogen. We employed monoclonal
      antibody affinity chromatography to obtain purified protein P1.

PMID- 6420395
TI  - Thioredoxins and the redox modulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in
      Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 vegetative cells and heterocysts.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was isolated from heterocysts and
      vegetative cells of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Both enzyme preparations proved
      to be more active in their oxidized than in their reduced forms. At least one
      protein with thioredoxin activity was found in Anabaena sp. which, if reduced
      with dithiothreitol, deactivated the G6PDH preparations. The deactivated
      heterocyst G6PDH could be reactivated neither by O2 nor by oxidized thioredoxin.
      Reactivation of the enzyme was, however, achieved by oxidized glutathione or
      H2O2. The active form of Anabaena G6PDH was readily deactivated by heterologous
      thioredoxin(s). The Anabaena thioredoxin(s) modulated heterologous enzymes.

PMID- 6420396
TI  - Predicting lithium requirements.

PMID- 6420397
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the cytosolic and chloroplast forms of spinach
      leaf fructose diphosphate aldolase.
AB  - Two different isoenzymes of fructose-P2 aldolase can be resolved by
      chromatography of crude spinach leaf extracts on DEAE-cellulose columns. The
      acidic isoenzyme comprises about 85% of the total leaf aldolase activity. The two
      forms differ in primary structure as judged by their distinctive amino acid
      compositions, tryptic peptide patterns, and immunological properties. Only the
      acidic isoenzyme was detected in extracts of isolated chloroplasts, suggesting
      that this molecule represents the chloroplast form of spinach leaf aldolase while
      the basic isoenzyme is of cytosolic origin. The cytosolic (basic) isoenzyme and
      chicken aldolase A4 are similar in the following respects. 1) They have similar
      specific catalytic activity (10-15 units/mg); 2) they are both highly sensitive
      to inactivation by very limited digestion with bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase
      A; 3) they both have subunit molecular weights of 40,000; 4) they both have
      derivatized (blocked) NH2-terminal structures; 5) they are both resistant to
      thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C; and 6) they both regain catalytic activity
      following reversible denaturation at pH 2.3 or in 5.8 M urea. Also, the cytosolic
      aldolase cross-reacted immunologically with the single aldolases present in
      spinach seeds and in wheat germ. Further, this isoenzyme readily "hybridized"
      with chicken aldolase A4 in vitro. These observations demonstrate the close
      homology between the cytosolic aldolases derived from plant and animal origins.
      The chloroplast aldolase had a specific catalytic activity of about 8 units/mg
      and, like its cytosolic counterpart, was severely inactivated by limited
      digestion with carboxypeptidase A. However, this isoenzyme was distinct from the
      cytosolic aldolase in the following characteristics: 1) its "small" subunit size
      (Mr congruent to 38,000); 2) its underivatized NH2-terminal structure; 3) its
      high sensitivity to thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C; and 4) its inability to
      refold into an enzymatically active conformation following denaturation at pH 2.3
      or in 5.8 M urea. The distinctive properties of the chloroplast aldolase may be
      expected for an enzyme which is synthesized as a higher molecular weight
      precursor on cytosolic polysomes and is then proteolytically processed to the
      "mature" form during its migration into the chloroplast organelle.

PMID- 6420398
TI  - Biosynthesis of heparin. Substrate specificity of heparosan N-sulfate D
      glucuronosyl 5-epimerase.
AB  - The substrate specificity of heparosan N-sulfate D-glucuronosyl 5-epimerase from
      a mouse mastocytoma was examined to determine the effects of N-acetyl and O
      sulfate groups on substrate recognition by the enzyme. [5-3H]Glucuronosyl-labeled
      heparosan N-sulfate was prepared enzymatically and was modified chemically by
      partial N-desulfation and N-acetylation. After enzymatic release of tritium, the
      location of remaining label was determined by deaminative cleavage and analysis
      of resulting di-, tetra-, and higher oligosaccharides. This analysis indicated
      that a D-glucuronosyl residue is recognized as a substrate if it is linked at C-1
      to an N-acetylated glucosamine residue and at C-4 to an N-sulfated unit. However,
      the reverse structure, in which the D-glucuronosyl moiety is bound at C-1 to an N
      sulfated residue and at C-4 to N-acetylated glucosamine, is not a substrate.
      Similar studies with O-sulfated heparin intermediates showed that O-sulfate
      groups either at C-2 of the L-iduronosyl moieties or at C-6 of vicinal D
      glucosaminyl moieties prevent 5-epimerization. These findings were confirmed by
      studies of the reverse reaction, in which tritium was incorporated from 3H2O into
      partially O-desulfated heparin and the location of incorporated radioactivity was
      determined. These and more direct experiments corroborated the previous
      conclusion that the L-iduronosyl moieties are formed after N-sulfation but before
      O-sulfation. Assessment of the influence of substrate size on the reaction
      further showed that a large substrate is preferred; an octasaccharide released
      tritium at a rate approximately 10% of that observed for the parent
      polysaccharide, and some release occurred also with smaller oligosaccharides.

PMID- 6420399
TI  - Immunochemical evidence for extensive ligand-induced conformational changes in
      Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase.
AB  - The effects of ligand binding on antibody complex formation of Lactobacillus
      casei dihydrofolate reductase have been investigated. Binary complexes containing
      either substrate and inhibitors or NADP+ and NADPH together with ternary
      complexes containing inhibitors and coenzyme were examined. Whereas substrate and
      inhibitor binding alone show no effect, the binding of coenzyme reduces antibody
      complex formation. The most striking effect is observed with ternary complexes
      containing methotrexate or aminopterin and NADPH: maximal retention of the
      labeled protein in the immunoprecipitation assay is reduced to approximately 30%
      of its original value with dihydrofolate reductase alone due to a decrease in
      both the affinity and lifetime of the antibody-protein complex at one or more
      antigenic sites. This result is discussed in terms of different conformational
      changes brought about by NADP and NADPH.

PMID- 6420400
TI  - An osmotic mechanism for exocytosis from dissociated chromaffin cells.
AB  - Dissociated chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla were stimulated to
      secrete epinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase with a variety of secretagogues
      in a study designed to test the hypothesis that the chemiosmotic lysis reaction
      of isolated chromaffin granules might in some way be related to the mechanism of
      release during exocytosis. Increasing the osmotic strength of the incubation
      medium with either NaCl or sucrose led to suppression of secretion of epinephrine
      from the cells regardless of whether secretion was induced with veratridine or
      acetylcholine. Suppression of secretion was approximately exponential with
      respect to osmotic strength. Epinephrine secretion occurred only if the medium
      contained a permeant anion such as chloride, and secretion induced by veratridine
      was suppressed when Na isethionate replaced NaCl in the medium. In an extensive
      study with different monovalent anions veratridine supported epinephrine
      secretion according to the following activity series: Br-, I-, NO3- greater than
      methylsulfate, SCN- greater than Cl greater than acetate much greater than
      isethionate. A similar series, except for the potency of NO3-, was observed with
      A23187 as agonist. In general, the anion series for granule lysis was analogous.
      However, there was a poor quantitative correlation between the anion dependence
      of chemiosmotic granule lysis and the anion dependence of cell secretion. Anion
      transport inhibitors such as probenecid and pyridoxal phosphate also inhibited
      secretion while the stilbene disulfonates were inactive. The ineffectiveness of
      the stilbene disulfonates further distinguished chemiosmotic granule lysis from
      cell secretion. Secretion of catecholamines, induced by veratridine or nicotine,
      a cholinergic agonist, was suppressed when NaCl in the medium was replaced by
      isosmotic sucrose and unexpectedly low levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase were
      observed in some cases. In sum, these properties of secreting chromaffin cells
      resembled some properties of isolated chromaffin granules incubated in ATP and Cl
      , but were different in a number of instances. We, therefore, have interpreted
      our data to indicate that while some mechanistic relationships may indeed exist
      between the release event in exocytosis from chromaffin cells and the
      chemiosmotic lysis reaction characteristic of isolated chromaffin granules, an
      understanding of the energetics of exocytosis awaits the discovery of reasons for
      the quantitative differences between the two systems.

PMID- 6420401
TI  - Fatty acid binding protein from rat heart. The fatty acid binding proteins from
      rat heart and liver are different proteins.
AB  - The binding of [3H]oleic acid and [3H]palmitic acid to the low molecular weight
      fatty acid binding proteins present in the cytosols of rat liver and heart was
      studied. Both fatty acids were bound by Z protein of liver, whereas only oleic
      acid was bound by the fraction of heart that contains the fatty acid binding
      protein. However, after delipidation of heart cytosolic proteins with butanol,
      the binding of palmitic acid to the fatty acid binding protein was detected. In
      contrast to a published report (Gloster, J., and Harris, P. (1977) Biochem.
      Biophys. Res. Commun. 74, 506-513), oleic acid was not bound by rat heart or
      bovine heart myoglobin. Both rat heart fatty acid binding protein and rat liver Z
      protein were purified to homogeneity or near homogeneity. On polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, liver Z protein gave rise to
      three bands, none of which was identical with the single band due to heart fatty
      acid binding protein. Rabbit antibodies to rat liver Z protein were used to
      demonstrate that the purified fatty acid binding protein from rat liver (Z
      protein) and rat heart are immunologically unrelated and that no Z protein is
      present in rat heart cytosol. Taken together, these observations lead to the
      conclusion that the low molecular weight fatty acid binding proteins from rat
      liver and heart are different proteins.

PMID- 6420402
TI  - Regulation of the glycine cleavage system in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The catabolism of glycine in the isolated perfused rat liver was investigated by
      measuring the production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]- and [2-14C]glycine. Production of
      14CO2 from [1-14C]glycine was maximal as the perfusate glycine concentration
      approached 10 mM and exhibited a maximal activity of 125 nmol of 14CO2 X g-1 X
      min-1 and an apparent Km of approximately 2 mM. Production of 14CO2 from [2
      14C]glycine was much lower, approaching a maximal activity of approximately 40
      nmol of 14CO2 X g-1 X min-1 at a perfusate glycine concentration of 10 mM, with
      an apparent Km of approximately 2.5 mM. Washout kinetic experiments with [1
      14C]glycine exhibited a single half-time of 14CO2 disappearance, indicating one
      metabolic pool from which the observed 14CO2 production is derived. These results
      indicate that the glycine cleavage system is the predominant catabolic fate of
      glycine in the perfused rat liver and that production of 14CO2 from [1
      14C]glycine is an effective monitor of metabolic flux through this system.
      Metabolic flux through the glycine cleavage system in the perfused rat liver was
      inhibited by processes which lead to reduction of the mitochondrial NAD(H) redox
      couple. Infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate or octanoate inhibited 14CO2 production
      from [1-14C]glycine by 33 and 50%, respectively. Alternatively, infusion of
      acetoacetate stimulated glycine decarboxylation slightly and completely reversed
      the inhibition of 14CO2 production by octanoate. Metabolic conditions which are
      known to cause a large consumption of mitochondrial NADPH (e.g. ureogenesis from
      ammonia) stimulated glycine decarboxylation by the perfused rat liver. Infusion
      of pyruvate and ammonium chloride stimulated production of 14CO2 from [1
      14C]glycine more than 2-fold. Lactate plus ammonium chloride was equally as
      effective in stimulating glycine decarboxylation by the perfused rat liver, while
      alanine plus ammonium chloride was ineffective in stimulating 14CO2 production.

PMID- 6420403
TI  - Calmodulin binds to both microtubule-associated protein 2 and tau proteins.
AB  - Calmodulin binding to microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) was studied by using
      three experimental techniques: affinity chromatography, cross-linking, and
      equilibrium binding. 1) Calmodulin affinity chromatography: both MAP2 and tau
      proteins were bound to calmodulin affinity columns in the presence of calcium and
      released with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic
      acid (EGTA), whereas tubulin was not bound. 2) Cross-linking 125I-calmodulin to
      whole MAPs and MAP2 by disuccinimidyl suberate: 125I-calmodulin was cross-linked
      to MAP2 and tau proteins showing an intense radioactivity band at 300,000 daltons
      and a diffuse band between 70,000 and 90,000 daltons. The cross-linking was
      calcium-dependent and was blocked by EGTA, trifluoperazine, or excess unlabeled
      calmodulin. 3) Equilibrium binding of 125I-calmodulin to MAP2 and tau using the
      Hummel-Dreyer technique on Sephadex G-100 columns: MAP2 and tau proteins bound
      125I-calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and no binding occurred in the
      presence of EGTA. The apparent dissociation constant of calmodulin for MAP2 was 7
      microM. The results indicate that calmodulin exerts its effect on microtubule
      assembly through the formation of a "Ca2+ X calmodulin X MAP2 or X tau" complex.

PMID- 6420404
TI  - Characterization of three highly purified cytochromes P-450 from hepatic
      microsomes of adult male rats.
AB  - Three hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 (P-450f, P-450g, and P-450h) have been
      purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from both untreated and ethanol-treated
      adult male rats. By all criteria examined, the hemoproteins isolated from
      untreated rats are indistinguishable from the corresponding enzymes purified from
      rats administered ethanol. Highly purified cytochromes P-450f, P-450g and P-450h
      are characterized by minimum Mr of 51,000, 50,000, and 51,000, respectively, and
      unique coordinates in two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. The CO-reduced spectral maxima of cytochromes P-450f and P
      450g are at 447-448 nm, and the peak of cytochrome P-450h is at 451 nm.
      Cytochrome P-450h is a versatile catalyst exhibiting high activity toward
      benzphetamine, hexobarbital, and estradiol-17 beta and moderate activity toward
      benzo[alpha]pyrene and zoxazolamine. In contrast, cytochromes P-450f and P-450g
      have low metabolic activity for these substrates. The three hemoproteins catalyze
      the metabolism of testosterone with different regio- and stereospecificities and
      overall rates. Both cytochromes P-450f and P-450h catalyze the hydroxylation of
      testosterone at the 16 alpha-position; however, cytochrome P-450h also oxidizes
      the steroid at the 2 alpha- and 17 beta-position (androstenedione formation).
      Testosterone is oxidatively metabolized at the 6 beta-, 15 alpha- and an unknown
      position by cytochrome P-450g. Peptide maps, generated by proteolytic or chemical
      digestion of the hemoproteins, indicate that cytochromes P-450f, P-450g, and P
      450h differ structurally from each other and five previously characterized rat
      hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 (P-450a, P-450b, P-450c, P-450d, and P
      450e). Cytochromes P-450f, P-450g, and P-450h do not react with antibodies
      directed against these inducible hemoproteins by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion in
      the presence of detergent; however, in the absence of detergent, cytochrome P
      450f cross-reacts weakly with anti-P-450b. Results of this study indicate that
      rat hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 are composed of at least four
      hemoproteins with CO-reduced absorbance maxima between 447-448 nm. Furthermore, a
      minimum of four microsomal cytochromes P-450 are now known to 16 alpha
      hydroxylate testosterone.

PMID- 6420405
TI  - Mouse liver testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(15) alpha).
      Purification, regioselectivity, stereospecificity, and sex-dependent expression.
AB  - Testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(15) alpha) was purified from
      female 129/J mouse liver microsomes based on its specific activities in the
      eluates from the columns of octylamino-Sepharose 4B, hydroxylapatite, DEAE-Bio
      Gel A, and CM52 chromatography. The 15 alpha-hydroxylation activity was five
      times higher in female than in male 129/J mouse liver microsomes. The specific
      cytochrome P-450 content of purified P-450(15) alpha fraction was 14.5 nmol/mg of
      protein. The Soret peak of the reduced cytochrome P-450-CO complex was 451 nm.
      The apparent subunit molecular weight of P-450(15) alpha was 48,000, and the
      protein appeared as only one major band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gels. The specific activity of testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylation reconstituted
      with the purified P-450(15) alpha was 94 nmol/min/nmol of cytochrome P-450 and
      1349 nmol/min/mg of protein, and these were about 65- and 1000-fold higher,
      respectively, than the activity of solubilized microsomes. The purified P-450(15)
      alpha exhibited high regioselectivity and stereospecificity for testosterone
      hydroxylation. More than 95% of the testosterone metabolites formed by the
      purified P-450(15) alpha was 15 alpha-hydroxytestosterone. Virtually 100% of
      mouse liver microsomal testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylation activity can be
      accounted for by the purified P-450(15) alpha. The P-450(15) alpha fraction was
      able to catalyze benzphetamine N-demethylation, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylation,
      aniline 4-hydroxylation, benzo(alpha)pyrene 3-hydroxylation, acetanilide 4
      hydroxylation, and lauric acid (11 + 12)-hydroxylation at various turnover rates,
      indicating broad substrate specificity of the P-450(15) alpha for the oxidations
      of xenobiotics. This is in sharp contrast to high regioselectivity and
      stereospecificity for testosterone hydroxylation.

PMID- 6420406
TI  - Mechanisms of fatty acid effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum. III. The effects of
      palmitic and oleic acids on sarcoplasmic reticulum function--a model for fatty
      acid membrane interactions.
AB  - The mechanism by which palmitic and oleic acids modify calcium sequestration by
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was investigated by examining the effects of
      these fatty acids on calcium-dependent ATPase activity, on the phosphoenzyme
      intermediates found during calcium sequestration reactions, and on passive
      membrane permeability to calcium. The calcium sequestered in the presence of
      these fatty acids was also characterized by determining the amount exchangeable
      with the extravesicular pool or released by the ionophore A23187. In the presence
      of 50 microM ATP, 18 microM palmitic acid enhanced and 18 microM oleic acid
      inhibited calcium sequestration, whereas both fatty acids stimulated ATPase
      activity. Neither fatty acid had significant effects on the amount or
      distribution of the phosphoenzyme formed during the calcium transport reaction.
      Palmitic acid stimulated calcium sequestration only when ATP was present. Oleic
      acid caused the release of a portion of the accumulated calcium during ATP
      supported calcium sequestration and also enhanced the release observed in ATP
      depleted reactions. A portion of the calcium sequestered in the presence of
      palmitic acid appears to be incorporated into a nonexchangeable and ionophore
      insensitive calcium pool, although the latter was estimated to be considerably
      larger than the nonexchangeable pool. These data support the hypothesis that
      oleic acid inhibits calcium sequestration by increasing membrane permeability to
      calcium, whereas palmitic acid appears to stimulate calcium sequestration by
      interacting with a portion of the calcium within the vesicles to form a separate,
      poorly exchangeable calcium pool.

PMID- 6420407
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate and metal ion binding on the reactivity of the essential
      thiol groups of lima bean lectin.
AB  - A free sulfhydryl group previously has been shown to be required for carbohydrate
      binding to the lectin from lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) (Gould, N. R. and
      Scheinberg, S. L. (1970) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 141, 607-613). Modification of
      this group by sulfhydryl reagents was specifically inhibited by D-GalNAc. We have
      further examined the reactivity of sulfhydryl groups in lima bean lectin with
      5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) as a probe for carbohydrate and metal
      ion binding. The 4 thiol groups in tetrameric lima bean lectin component III gave
      identical kinetics for reaction with Nbs2 involving formation of a weak
      noncovalent complex between Nbs2 and the lectin. The pH-independent reactivity of
      the thiol groups at neutral pH suggested that the thiols may exist as ion pairs
      with a nearby ionized group. Carbohydrate ligands were competitive inhibitors of
      thiol modification. The thiol groups on all 4 subunits of lima bean lectin were
      completely and reversibly protected by carbohydrate binding. The ability of
      carbohydrates to inhibit thiol modification correlated with their potency as
      inhibitors in a precipitin inhibition assay. The best inhibitors were the
      oligosaccharides alpha-D-GalNAc-(1 leads to 3)[alpha-L-fucose-(1 leads to 2)]beta
      D-Gal(1 leads to R) and alpha-D-GalNAc-(1 leads to 2)beta-D-Gal(1 leads to R).
      Apparent thermodynamic parameters for binding of several carbohydrates were
      determined by measuring the temperature dependence of thiol protection. Removal
      of the bound metal ions Ca2+ and Mn2+ following dialysis into EDTA inactivated
      the lectin and increased the reactivity of the thiol groups 60-fold. This
      conversion was temperature-dependent and could be reversed upon addition of metal
      ions. The fast-reacting thiol groups were not protected by haptenic sugars from
      modifications by Nbs2.

PMID- 6420408
TI  - Biochemical and immunochemical comparison of fibronectin and polynectin from
      porcine plasma.
AB  - Polynectin, a glycoprotein of porcine blood plasma (also known as glycine-rich
      gelatin-binding protein (Isemura, M., Sato, N., and Yosizawa, Z. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 14854-14857] is similar to fibronectin with respect to binding
      characteristics to affinity gels. However, no immunoprecipitation reaction was
      observed either between polynectin and anti-fibronectin antiserum, or between
      fibronectin and anti-polynectin antiserum prepared in the present experiments. No
      cross-reaction was found between fibronectin and polynectin by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence in
      abundance of polynectin in intestinal and gastric glands. It was found that the
      pattern of distribution of polynectin was entirely different from that of
      fibronectin. Polynectin, in contrast to fibronectin, exhibited no cell attachment
      promoting effects on BHK-21, a baby hamster kidney cell line, and a cell line of
      human embryonic lung fibroblasts. In addition, changes in binding characteristics
      to affinity gels after reduction and alkylation differed between polynectin and
      fibronectin. Although both proteins appear to have similar carbohydrate chains in
      view of the similar reactivities with lectins, the results of the present
      experiments demonstrated that polynectin is entirely different from fibronectin.

PMID- 6420409
TI  - Pyridoxylation of essential lysines in the heparin-binding site of antithrombin
      III.
AB  - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was used to selectively modify lysine residues on
      antithrombin III. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was incubated with antithrombin, and the
      Schiff base was reduced with sodium borohydride. A maximum of 3-4 pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate groups per antithrombin molecule are bound at high concentrations of
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. A linear decrease in heparin cofactor activity was
      observed with the incorporation of the first three pyridoxyl phosphate groups.
      Modification in the presence of added heparin decreased the extent of labeling by
      1-2 mol of pyridoxyl phosphate per mol of antithrombin and protected against the
      loss of heparin cofactor activity. To further examine the role of lysine residues
      in the interaction of antithrombin III with heparin, the protein was singly
      labeled with pyridoxyl phosphate and affinity fractionated on heparin-agarose.
      Three species, each containing approximately one pyridoxyl phosphate group per
      antithrombin, were obtained. Two of these derivatives had reduced affinity for
      heparin-agarose, exhibited decreased heparin cofactor activity, and did not show
      enhanced tryptophan fluorescence upon addition of heparin. The third derivatives
      possessed high affinity for heparin-agarose, retained native-like heparin
      cofactor activity, and when titrated with heparin gave a 30-35% increase in
      tryptophan fluorescence. Fluorescence emission spectra of the phosphopyridoxyl
      antithrombin derivative that does not bind to heparin-agarose indicated
      fluorescence energy transfer from tryptophan to the bound phosphopyridoxyl
      moiety. These results indicate that 1-2 lysines are essential to heparin bonding
      and that these residues may be located near to the critical tryptophan
      (Blackburn, M. N., and Sibley, C. C. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 824-826) in the
      heparin-binding domain of antithrombin III.

PMID- 6420410
TI  - Synthesis of peptidoglycan by high molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins
      of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The high molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBP(s) ) Bacillus subtilis
      PBPs 1, 2, and 4 and Bacillus stearothermophilus PBPs 1-4 were shown to catalyze
      peptidoglycan synthesis from the undecaprenol-containing lipid intermediate
      substrate in two assay systems. In a filter paper assay system, high levels of
      substrate polymerization occurred when reaction mixtures were incubated on
      Whatman 3MM filter paper. The pH optimum for peptidoglycan synthesis was 7.5 for
      B. subtilis PBPs 1, 2, and 4 and 8.5 for B. stearothermophilus PBPs 1-4.
      Polymerization was Mg2+-independent and was unaffected by sulfhydryl reagents.
      Reconstitution with membrane lipids or addition of detergent (optimal
      concentration, 0.1%) was necessary for synthesis to occur. Bacitracin,
      penicillin, and cephalothin did not affect polymerization while vancomycin,
      ristocetin, moenomycin, and macarbomycin were strong inhibitors. In a test tube
      assay system, optimal synthesis occurred either in the presence of 10% ethylene
      glycol, 10% glycerol, and 8% methanol or in the presence of 10% N
      acetylglucosamine. The products of lysozyme digestion of the synthesized
      peptidoglycan were analyzed by gel filtration and paper chromatography. B.
      stearothermophilus PBPs 1-4 synthesized a peptidoglycan product that was 5-7%
      cross-linked. No evidence for cross-linking was apparent in the peptidoglycan
      product of B. subtilis PBPs 1, 2, and 4.

PMID- 6420411
TI  - Proposed structure for the noncovalently associated heme prosthetic group of
      dissimilatory nitrite reductases. Identification of substituents.
AB  - The substituents of the noncovalently associated heme prosthetic group of the
      bacterial nitrite reductase-cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.6.1 or EC 1.9.3.2.) from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19429) and Paracoccus denitrificans (ATCC 13456)
      have been identified. This was accomplished by 1H NMR, infrared, visible, and
      mass spectroscopic techniques applied to semi-purified heme and purified methyl
      ester derivatives of the iron-free porphyrin. The main structural features are as
      follows. 1) The macrocycle is a reduced porphyrin of the chlorin type, that is,
      one of the pyrrole rings has been saturated so that the beta-carbons have sp3
      hybridization. 2) The chlorin is a tetracarboxylic acid. 3) The substituents of
      the saturated pyrrole ring are two methyl groups and two hydroxymethyl groups. 4)
      The substituents of the unsaturated pyrrole rings are: (i) two methyl groups (ii)
      a propionic acid (iii) an acrylic acid, and (iv) two directly bonded formic acid
      groups. No firm evidence has been obtained for the relative positions of these
      unsaturated beta-pyrrolic substituents around the macrocyclic ring, but a
      proposed structure will be discussed. Several previously inexplicable chemical
      properties of the heme in extracts or in the intact enzyme can be now interpreted
      in view of the proposed structure. The trivial name "acrylochlorin" is suggested
      for the macrocycle.

PMID- 6420412
TI  - Yeast cytochrome P-450 catalyzing lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation. II.
      Lanosterol metabolism by purified P-450(14)DM and by intact microsomes.
AB  - A reconstituted monooxygenase system containing a form of cytochrome P-450,
      termed P-450(14)DM, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, both purified from
      yeast microsomes, catalyzed the conversion of lanosterol (4,4,14 alpha-trimethyl
      5 alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3 beta-01) to a sterol metabolite in the presence of
      NADPH and molecular oxygen. This conversion did not occur anaerobically or when
      either P-450(14)DM, the reductase, or NADPH was omitted from the system. In both
      free and trimethylsilylated forms, this metabolite showed a relative retention
      time (relative to lanosterol) of 1.10 in gas chromatography on OV-17 columns.
      Comparison of its mass spectrum and retention time with those of lanosterol and
      4,4-dimethylzymosterol (4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3 beta-ol)
      indicated that the metabolite was 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3
      beta-ol. Upon aerobic incubation of microsomes from semianaerobically grown yeast
      cells in the presence of NADPH and cyanide, endogenous lanosterol was converted
      to 4,4-dimethylzymosterol. This metabolism was inhibited by CO, metyrapone, SKF
      525A, and antibodies to P-450(14)DM. It is concluded that in yeast microsomes
      lanosterol is 14 alpha-demethylated by a P-450(14)DM-containing monooxygenase
      system to give rise to 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3 beta-ol,
      which is then reduced to 4,4-dimethylzymosterol by an NADPH-linked reductase.

PMID- 6420413
TI  - Phosphorylation of chondroitin sulfate in proteoglycans from the swarm rat
      chondrosarcoma.
AB  - Proteoglycans isolated from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were shown to contain 35
      mol of phosphate/mol of proteoglycan. While 20% of this phosphate was released by
      digestion with dilute alkali in the presence of sodium borohydride and is
      presumably of the phosphoserine/phosphothreonine type, 78% of the phosphate
      copurified with the peptide-free chondroitin sulfate chains. When chondroitin
      sulfate chains purified by ethanol precipitation or Sephacryl S200 column
      chromatography were digested with chondroitinase AC and the digests
      chromatographed on Bio-Gel P-4, the phosphate co-migrated with a carbohydrate
      fragment that contained 2 glucuronic acid (one as delta 4,5-unsaturated sugar), 1
      galactosamine, 2-galactose, and 1-phosphate residue/xylitol. A second fragment of
      similar composition but lacking phosphate was also recovered in a ratio of about
      3 to 1 relative to the phosphorylated fragment. The phosphate in the chondroitin
      sulfate linkage region fragment had the alkaline phosphatase sensitivity as well
      as 31P NMR spectra of a monophosphate esterified to a secondary sugar alcohol.
      The phosphate was localized on the C-2 of the chain initiating xylose since these
      residues as xylitol showed a delayed release during acid hydrolysis and the
      xylitol was recovered intact after periodate oxidation. In the chondrosarcoma, 2
      phosphoxylose appears to be a normal synthetic product since [32P]phosphate was
      readily incorporated into the proteoglycan and the incorporated isotope had
      similar biochemical properties as the unlabeled phosphate.

PMID- 6420414
TI  - Distribution and subcellular localization of a hepatic proliferation inhibitor in
      rat liver.
AB  - The subcellular and intralobular distributions of a protein which specifically
      inhibits the proliferation of normal liver cells were determined in rat liver,
      using a combination of immunological and biochemical techniques. The IgG fraction
      from an antiserum raised against the hepatic proliferation inhibitor was isolated
      by protein A-Sepharose CL-4B chromatography and shown to be highly specific for
      the antigen using electroimmunodiffusion and affinity chromatography. To
      determine the intracellular location of the inhibitor, subcellular fractions were
      prepared from adult rat livers by differential centrifugation. The cytoplasmic
      fraction contained the biologically active cytostatic inhibitor, whereas the
      nuclear and mitochondrial fractions were inactive. Cytoplasmic localization of
      the hepatic proliferation inhibitor was further confirmed by anion exchange high
      performance liquid chromatography and by double immunodiffusion with the anti
      hepatic proliferation inhibitor IgG. When liver sections were subjected to
      histochemical staining mediated through the immune IgG and an avidin-biotinylated
      horseradish peroxidase complex, the parenchymal liver cells were stained, but
      endothelial and connective tissue cells were not. Although some staining was
      evident throughout the liver parenchyma, the most intensely stained cells were
      located in the centrilobular region. Moreover, an age-dependent increase in the
      staining intensity and/or in the number of cells containing the proliferation
      inhibitor was observed. Preliminary experiments showed that little, if any,
      staining occurred in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This highly specific IgG can
      be used to monitor alterations in the content and location of hepatic
      proliferation inhibitor in proliferative disorders of the liver.

PMID- 6420415
TI  - Purification of lutropin and follitropin in high yield from horse pituitary
      glands.
AB  - A method has been developed for the purification of equine lutropin (eLH) and
      equine follitropin (eFSH) from horse pituitary glands which attains high yields
      of both hormones in contrast to previous methods that were devoted to one or the
      other with inferior recovery of the hormones. Two-pass chromatography over CM
      Sephadex was used to separate eLH from eFSH. Subsequent steps employing QAE
      (quaternary amino-ethyl)-Sephadex chromatography and gel filtration on Sephacryl
      S-200 produced highly purified hormone preparations. Yields of purified eLH and
      eFSH were 110 and 60 mg/kg of frozen pituitaries, respectively. Subunits were
      prepared by dissociation in 8 M guanidine HCl followed by either gel filtration
      (eLH) or gel filtration followed by QAE-Sephadex chromatography (eFSH). The
      hormones and their subunits were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, NH2-terminal analysis, and by LH and FSH
      radioligand receptor assays.

PMID- 6420416
TI  - Processing of human beta-galactosidase in GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio B
      syndrome.
AB  - The nature of the molecular defect resulting in the beta-galactosidase deficiency
      in different forms of GM1-gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis IV B (Morquio
      B syndrome) was investigated. Normal and mutant cultured skin fibroblasts were
      labeled in vivo with [3H]leucine and immunoprecipitation studies with human anti
      beta-galactosidase antiserum were performed, followed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and fluorography. In Morquio B syndrome, the mutation does not
      interfere with the normal processing and intralysosomal aggregation of beta
      galactosidase. In cells from infantile and adult GM1-gangliosidosis, 85-kDa
      precursor beta-galactosidase was found to be synthesized normally but more than
      90% of the enzyme was subsequently degraded at one of the early steps in
      posttranslational processing. The residual 5-10% beta-galactosidase activity in
      adult GM1-gangliosidosis is 64-kDa mature lysosomal enzyme with normal catalytic
      properties but with a reduced ability of the monomeric form to aggregate into
      high molecular weight multimers. Knowledge of the exact nature of the molecular
      defect underlying beta-galactosidase deficiency in man may lead to a better
      understanding of the clinical and pathological heterogeneity among patients with
      different types of GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio B syndrome.

PMID- 6420417
TI  - A mutant HSDM1C1 fibrosarcoma line selected for defective eicosanoid precursor
      uptake lacks arachidonate-specific acyl-CoA synthetase.
AB  - Mutagenesis followed by suicide with highly radioactive tritiated arachidonic
      acid has been used to select for mouse fibrosarcoma (HSDM1C1) cells defective in
      eicosanoid precursor uptake. Survivors of the selection were screened by replica
      plating and autoradiographic assay of [3H]arachidonate esterification; a mutant
      cell line, EPU-1, was established. EPU-1 cells contain one-third as much
      arachidonate as normal HSDM1C1 cells. The mutant lacks arachidonate-specific acyl
      CoA synthetase, which accounts for decreased arachidonate uptake. EPU-1 exhibits
      enhanced turnover of arachidonoyl- but not linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine.
      Bradykinin-induced arachidonate release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis are
      decreased in EPU-1. Thus, arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase is required for
      arachidonate homeostasis in HSDM1C1 cells.

PMID- 6420418
TI  - Evidence against purinergic nerve fibres in the hypogastric nerves of the cat.
AB  - Hypogastric nerve stimulation (HGS) produced a transient contraction of the cat
      urinary bladder and inhibition of pelvic nerve evoked bladder contractions.
      Pretreatment by guanethidine (GUA) antagonized HGS inhibition of pelvic nerve
      evoked bladder contractions, but had no effect on the HGS-induced transient
      contractions. GUA pretreatment had no effect on ATP or APPCP-induced contractions
      of the urinary bladder. Pretreatment by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) antagonized
      both the transient contraction and the inhibition of pelvic nerve evoked bladder
      contractions induced by HGS. 6-OHDA pretreatment had no effect on ATP or APPCP
      induced contractions of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 6420419
TI  - Processing of MOPC 315 immunoglobulin A oligosaccharides: evidence for
      endoplasmic reticulum and trans Golgi alpha 1,2-mannosidase activity.
AB  - The processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on the alpha-chains of an
      immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been investigated using MOPC 315 murine plasmacytoma
      cells. These cells secrete IgA containing complex-type oligosaccharides that were
      not sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. In contrast,
      oligosaccharides present on the intracellular alpha-chain precursor were of the
      high mannose-type, remaining sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H
      despite a long intracellular half-life of 2-3 h. The major [3H]mannose-labeled
      alpha-chain oligosaccharides identified after a 20-min pulse were Man8GlcNAc2 and
      Man9GlcNAc2. Following chase incubations, the major oligosaccharide accumulating
      intracellularly was Man6GlcNAc2, which was shown to contain a single alpha 1,2
      linked mannose residue. Conversion of Man6GlcNAc2 to complex-type
      oligosaccharides occurred at the time of secretion since appreciable amounts of
      Man5GlcNAc2 or further processed structures could not be detected
      intracellularly. The subcellular locations of the alpha 1,2-mannosidase
      activities were studied using carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and
      monensin. Despite inhibiting the secretion of IgA, these inhibitors of protein
      migration did not effect the initial processing of Man9GlcNAc2 to Man6GlcNAc2.
      Furthermore, no large accumulation of Man5GlcNAc2 occurred, indicating the
      presence of two subcellular locations of alpha 1,2-mannosidase activity involved
      in oligosaccharide processing in MOPC 315 cells. Thus, the first three alpha 1,2
      linked mannose residues were removed shortly after the alpha-chain was
      glycosylated, most likely in rough endoplasmic reticulum, since this processing
      occurred in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. However,
      the removal of the final alpha 1,2-linked mannose residue as well as subsequent
      carbohydrate processing occurred just before IgA secretion, most likely in the
      trans Golgi complex since processing of Man6GlcNAc2 to Man5GlcNAc2 was greatly
      inhibited in the presence of monensin.

PMID- 6420420
TI  - Are annulate lamellae in the Drosophila embryo the result of overproduction of
      nuclear pore components?
AB  - Annulate lamellae are cytoplasmic organelles composed of stacked sheets of
      membrane containing pores that are structurally indistinguishable from nuclear
      pores. The functions of annulate lamellae are not well understood. Although they
      may be found in virtually any eucaryotic cell, they occur most commonly in
      transformed and embryonic tissues. In Drosophila, annulate lamellae are found in
      the syncytial blastoderm embryo as it is cleaved to form the cellular blastoderm.
      The cytological events of the cellularization process are well documented, and
      may be used as temporal landmarks when studying changes in annulate lamellae. By
      using morphometric techniques to analyze electron micrographs of embryos, we are
      able to calculate the number of pores per nucleus in nuclear envelopes and
      annulate lamellae during progressive stages of cellularization. We find that
      annulate lamellae pores remain at a low level while nuclear envelopes are
      expanding and acquiring pores in early interphase. Once nuclear envelopes are
      saturated with pores, however, the number of annulate lamellae pores increases
      more than 10-fold in 9 min. Over the next 30 min it gradually declines to the
      initial low level. On the basis of these results, we propose (a) that pore
      synthesis and assembly continues after nuclear envelopes have been saturated with
      pores; (b) that these supernumerary pores accumulate transiently in cytoplasmic
      annulate lamellae; and (c) that because these pores are not needed by the embryo
      they are subsequently degraded.

PMID- 6420421
TI  - Cell surface components and growth regulation in cultivated arterial smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - The surface of rat arterial smooth muscle cells was characterized with respect to
      some of its chemical and functional properties. The effects of selective enzymic
      degradations (hyaluronidase, chondroitinases, heparitinase or neuraminidase) on
      [35S]sulphate-prelabelled cells and on binding sites for cationized ferritin (CF)
      were examined to assess the presence and relative importance of individual
      species of macromolecules on the cell surface. The results indicate that about
      half of the strongly anionic sites on the cell surface (binding CF at pH 2.0)
      could be ascribed to sulphate groups of glycosaminoglycans and about half to
      carboxyl groups of sialic acid residues in glycoproteins and/or glycolipids.
      Weaker anionic sites (binding CF at pH 7.0) largely originated from carboxyl
      groups of glycosaminoglycans. Chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate were the
      main glycosaminoglycans. The surface of cells from young animals showed a higher
      glycosaminoglycan and a lower sialic acid content than that of cells from adult
      animals. Continuous treatment of the cultures with neuraminidase stimulated serum
      induced initiation of DNA synthesis, while treatment with hyaluronidase or
      heparitinase inhibited it. Addition of hyaluronic acid, heparin or heparan
      sulphate to the culture medium inhibited initiation of DNA synthesis as well as
      cell proliferation. The effect was more marked in cultures of cells from young
      animals than from adults, although the latter cells were found to grow at a
      higher rate and to higher densities. These results suggest a role for cell
      surface and pericellular glycoconjugates in growth regulation. A possible
      mechanism of action is that these molecules, due to their anionic charge or by
      steric exclusion, interfere with the binding of platelet-derived growth factor, a
      highly cationic polypeptide, to its cell-surface receptor.

PMID- 6420422
TI  - Changes in the synthesis, distribution and sulphation of glycosaminoglycans of
      cultured human skin fibroblasts upon ascorbate feeding.
AB  - The effect of ascorbic acid on the synthesis, distribution and sulphation of
      glycosaminoglycans by human skin fibroblasts has been examined. Medium was
      supplemented with ascorbate over several days, and cultures incubated with
      [3H]glucosamine and Na2(35)SO4 for 48 h, followed by analysis of the
      glycosaminoglycans in the medium, in collagenase and trypsin extracts, and in
      cell fractions. Ascorbate feeding resulted in a reduction in hyaluronate
      synthesis, which was the main 3H-labelled component and was distributed mainly in
      the medium fractions. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans showed a reduction in
      incorporation of 3H label, but increased sulphation following ascorbate feeding.
      In control cultures 53% of 3H-labelled sulphated glycosaminoglycans and 63% of
      35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans were present in the medium fraction, while in
      ascorbate-fed cultures, 41% of 3H label and 38% 35S label were incorporated into
      medium-sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Ascorbate also caused an increase in cell
      density and in collagen production and deposition.

PMID- 6420423
TI  - Toroidal bands in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila.
AB  - Results obtained from the thin-section electron microscopy of salivary gland
      chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster mainly support the concept of cable-like
      organization of polytene chromosomes, with disk-like bands composed of parallel
      bundles of homologous chromomeres. Outward orientation of loop fibres may
      generally cause a toroidal bending in the chromomere bundles. Both longitudinal
      and transverse sections of polytene chromosomes indicate that the bands may
      contain toroidal subunits. Torus-shaped bands were only found in thin sections of
      the most distal and most proximal regions, as well as in certain heavy bands at
      the late-replicating regions of polytenized interphase chromosomes. This suggests
      that an incomplete duplication of chromomeres may be a reason for torus
      formation, by preventing the separation of sister chromatids at the earliest
      phases of the polytenization process. The appearance of more numerous, but
      smaller, subunits in thin-sectioned faint bands is interpreted as a consequence
      of more complete segregation of sister chromatids in those bands during
      polytenization.

PMID- 6420424
TI  - Nuclear structure: determination of the fate of the nuclear envelope in
      Drosophila during mitosis using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Libraries of monoclonal antibody against nuclear proteins of Drosophila
      melanogaster have been established recently to investigate nuclear structure and
      function. Some of the antibodies have been characterized as being directed
      against the nuclear envelope. Further studies detailed in this paper describe the
      fate of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. Indirect immunofluorescence staining
      of whole developing Drosophila embryos has been used as a system in which nuclear
      events can be studied both synchronously and in a longitudinal gradient of
      mitotic structures. The results show a pattern of breakdown and reconstruction of
      the nuclear envelope in which the antigen is always present in particulate
      structures. In addition, the processes of antigen rearrangement are shown to be
      spatially determined throughout mitosis.

PMID- 6420425
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in conscious stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured autoradiographically with
      [14C]iodoantipyrine as a diffusible tracer in two strains of conscious
      normotensive rats (Wistar Kyoto and local Wistar) and in two groups of
      spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) with a mean arterial
      pressure (MAP) below or above 200 mm Hg. In spite of the large differences in
      arterial pressure, rCBF did not differ significantly between the hypertensive and
      the normotensive groups in any of the 14 specified brain structures measured.
      However, rCBF increased asymmetrically within part of the caudate-putamen in two
      of nine SHRSP with a MAP above 200 mm Hg, indicating a regional drop in the
      elevated cerebrovascular resistance.

PMID- 6420426
TI  - Comparison of cerebrovascular response to hypoxic and carbon monoxide hypoxia in
      newborn and adult sheep.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to two types of isocapnic hypoxia, hypoxic
      hypoxia (HH) and carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH), were examined in seven
      unanesthetized adult sheep by the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Comparisons
      were made with newborn lambs (5-12 days old) previously studied under similar
      conditions. The arterial O2 content (CaO2) was reduced in a graded manner to 50
      60% of the control value. During HH, CBF increased to maintain cerebral O2
      delivery (CaO2 X CBF) in both adults and newborns; however, cerebral O2 uptake
      (CMRO2) did not change. Although CMRO2 was higher in newborns, the responses of
      CBF/CMRO2 to HH did not differ significantly in newborns and adults. In newborns,
      regional CBF showed that brainstem areas were particularly responsive to HH. In
      both age groups, CBF increased to a greater extent with COH than with HH for
      similar reductions in CaO2. This resulted in an increase in cerebral O2 delivery
      with COH. The degree to which COH differed from HH correlated with the magnitude
      of the leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve that accompanies
      COH. In adults, CMRO2 fell by 16% with COH but was maintained in newborns. We
      conclude that maintenance of cerebral O2 delivery during acute, isocapnic HH is a
      property of CBF regulation common to both newborn and adult sheep. During COH,
      the position of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is an additional factor that
      sets the level of O2 delivery. The fetal conditions of low CaO2 and a left
      shifted oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve may have provided the newborn with a
      microcirculation better suited for maintaining CMRO2 during COH.

PMID- 6420428
TI  - The reproducibility of fast protein liquid chromatography of pyridoxalated
      haemoglobin copolymerized with serum albumin.

PMID- 6420427
TI  - Measurement of brain pH using 11CO2 and positron emission tomography.
AB  - We have examined the feasibility of measuring local brain pH in vivo with 11CO2
      and positron emission tomography. In particular, we have addressed two objections
      that have been raised against this method: the assumed need to estimate local
      tissue PCO2 and the rapid fixation of 11C in tissue. From a reexamination of the
      basic theory, we argue that after administration of 11CO2 the time-dependent
      distribution of 11C between tissue and blood is independent of the distribution
      of CO2 already in the body, making it unnecessary to estimate local tissue PCO2.
      Assuming that the blood--brain barrier is impermeable to bicarbonate ions, there
      will be equal partial pressures of 11CO2 in blood and tissue at equilibrium. To
      overcome the problem of fixation in the tissue we have developed a kinetic model
      of the time-dependent distribution of 11C that accounts for regional variations
      in blood flow, CO2 extraction, pH, and rate of fixation. The values of the model
      parameters can be estimated from sequential measurements of tissue activity
      concentration during administration of 11CO2. Tissue pH can then be calculated
      from one of the parameter values, a measurement of arterial pH, and known
      constants. Numerical calculations based on the kinetic model with assumed values
      of the parameters were used to optimize the experimental design. The calculations
      show that problems with fixation are much less severe with continuous infusion of
      activity than with bolus administration. During infusion the tissue curve depends
      strongly on tissue pH but only weakly on the rate of fixation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420429
TI  - Rapid and simple method for the detection of nanogram amounts of arachidonate
      metabolites resolved by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 6420430
TI  - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of phenylacetic acid in humans and
      monkeys.
AB  - A rapid and reliable mass-fragmentographic method for assay of plasma and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of free and conjugated phenylacetic acid
      (PAA) is described. The method is used to compare plasma and CSF concentrations
      of PAA in humans and monkeys. Both packed and capillary columns are used. In
      humans approximately 45% of total plasma PAA is conjugated in contrast to
      approximately 60% in monkeys. Both free and conjugated PAA concentrations tend to
      be higher in monkeys than in humans. Plasma mean concentration of total PAA in
      humans and monkeys are, respectively, 459.1 and 838 ng/ml. Approximately 55 and
      25% of total PAA in the CSF are conjugated in humans and monkeys, respectively.
      Total PAA mean concentrations in human and monkey CSF are 41.6 and 84.2 ng/ml.
      Because over 90% of total urine PAA in humans is conjugated, it is concluded that
      over 50% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of
      free plasma PAA and/or from the kidney's preferential filtration of conjugated
      PAA as contrasted with free PAA.

PMID- 6420431
TI  - Validity of a quality of well-being scale as an outcome measure in chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - This paper evaluates the validity of the Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) as an
      outcome measure for research on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The
      Quality of Well-being Scale was originally designed for use as a general health
      outcome measure. One criticism of this approach has been that it may not be valid
      in studies limited to a specific disease or condition. We report correlations
      between the QWB and a variety of other outcome measures obtained in an
      experimental trial evaluating the benefits of behavioral programs for COPD
      patients. The data from the trial suggest that the QWB is substantially
      correlated with both performance and physiological variables relevant to the
      health status of COPD patients. An advantage of the QWB is that it can be
      transformed into well-year units for cost-effectiveness studies. It is concluded
      that the QWB has many advantages as an outcome measure for specific disease
      groups.

PMID- 6420432
TI  - Plasma growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing factor in normal children
      with short stature and patients with pituitary dwarfism.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF-44) was administered as an iv bolus to 28
      normal children with short stature and 27 patients with GH deficiency. After a
      dose of 1 or 2 micrograms hpGRF-44/kg BW, mean plasma GH levels peaked at 15 and
      30 min, respectively, with corresponding values of 30.1 +/- 4.7 and 33.2 +/- 3.7
      ( +/- SE) ng/ml in normal but short children. The overall plasma GH response was
      greater than that of other GH stimulation tests such as insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia, glucagon-propranolol or L-dopa administration. Plasma LH, FSH, TSH,
      PRL, and cortisol levels were not altered by hpGRF-44 injection. Sixteen of 27
      patients with GH deficiency did not respond to a 2 micrograms/kg BW hpGRF-44.
      However, plasma GH increases to greater than 5 ng/ml occurred in the remaining 11
      patients. Their GH levels reached peaks between 15 and 90 min, with values
      ranging between 5.8 and 17.8 ng/ml. Two of these responding patients were infused
      iv with hpGRF-44 at 2.5 micrograms/min for 90 min after receiving an iv bolus
      injection of 2 micrograms/kg BW. Their plasma GH levels increased and remained
      near peak values throughout the infusion period. However, no increase in plasma
      GH levels occurred after a second bolus injection of hpGRF-44 given at the end of
      the infusion. These results suggest that hpGRF-44 is useful for the diagnosis of
      GH deficiency in individuals with short stature and that some patients with GH
      deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of established tests, have GH responses to
      hpGRF-44.

PMID- 6420433
TI  - Thyrotropin (TSH)-induced hyperthyroidism: response of TSH to dopamine and its
      agonists.
AB  - A 12-yr-old girl with the syndrome of hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate TSH
      secretion, who had no evidence of pituitary tumor, was studied in detail. She had
      undergone two thyroidectomies for recurrent goiter and hyperthyroidism before
      referral. Basal serum TSH levels were extremely high (maximum 173 microU/ml), and
      the TSH response to TRH was exaggerated (peak, 675 microU/ml). The serum alpha
      subunit of TSH was normal. PRL and other anterior pituitary hormone studies were
      normal. Dopamine infusion at 2 and 4 micrograms/kg X min partially suppressed TSH
      and PRL secretion and their responses to TRH. Bromocriptine had a paradoxical
      effect, resulting in an increase in TRH-stimulated TSH levels. Pergolide, a newer
      dopamine agonist, significantly decreased per basal serum TSH and blunted the TSH
      response to TRH; however, despite progressive dose increases, her TSH level was
      not reduced to normal.

PMID- 6420434
TI  - Synchronous secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the human luteal
      phase: neuroendocrine mechanisms.
AB  - Studies of normal luteal phase women have shown that increases in serum LH and
      PRL are commonly synchronous. This study was designed to investigate the possible
      neuroendocrine mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon. Six normal women were
      studied during the midluteal phase of 2 cycles. In the first cycle, they had
      blood samples collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h on 3 occasions during which
      time they received an infusion of normal saline or naloxone (1 mg/h) or a bolus
      of metoclopramide (10 mg, iv). In a second cycle, they received GnRH in
      increasing iv doses of 1, 10, and 50 micrograms at 2-h intervals. During the
      saline infusion, 11 of the 16 serum LH pulses (69%) were accompanied by an
      increase in serum PRL, and in 5 of the subjects, the first pulse of LH was
      synchronous with that of PRL (P = 0.0015). Naloxone increased the number of LH
      pulses from 16 to 20 and the number of PRL pulses from 12 to 16, all of which
      were synchronous with LH pulses. Administration of metoclopramide caused a
      substantial increase in PRL and a loss of further PRL pulsatility; however, LH
      pulsatility remained unaffected. Even after the smallest dose of GnRH (1
      microgram), there was an increase in serum PRL [basal level, 11.8 +/- 2.1 (+/-
      SE) micrograms/liter; peak level, 16.5 +/- 3.3 micrograms/liter] as well as LH
      and FSH. The increase in serum PRL was, unlike the gonadotropin response, maximal
      after the 10-microgram dose of GnRH (peak level, 23.2 +/- 6 micrograms/liter) and
      did not increase further after the 50-micrograms dose (peak level, 18.5 +/- 2.4
      micrograms/liter). These studies demonstrate that there is a PRL response to GnRH
      in the luteal phase and suggest that the observed synchrony in LH and PRL
      secretion at this time results from a physiological response of both the
      gonadotrope and the lactotrope to endogenous GnRH.

PMID- 6420435
TI  - Potency and specificity of a growth hormone-releasing factor in a primate and in
      vitro.
AB  - The potency and specificity of the 44-amino acid human pancreatic tumor GRF were
      tested in six adult female rhesus monkeys and in a perifusion system containing a
      suspension of rat pituicytes. In vivo, plasma GH levels were elevated in a dose
      dependent fashion, with an ED50 of approximately 5 micrograms/kg, a value of the
      same order of magnitude as other hypothalamic releasing hormones. The magnitude
      of the GH response after GRF treatment was similar to that observed during
      insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with peak plasma GH concentrations occurring 5-15
      min after GRF administration. High doses of GRF slightly stimulated PRL release,
      but had no effect on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or plasma cortisol or
      glucose concentrations. In vitro, GRF released GH in a dose-dependent manner, but
      no PRL was released even at the highest GRF concentrations employed (100 nM). It
      thus appears that stimulation of PRL in vivo may be an indirect effect of GRF.
      Alternatively, there may be species differences in responsiveness to GRF.

PMID- 6420436
TI  - Pituitary-thyroid hormone economy in healthy aging men: basal indices of thyroid
      function and thyrotropin responses to constant infusions of thyrotropin releasing
      hormone.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of aging, as distinct from those of thyroid
      disease or extrathyroidal illness, on certain indices of thyroid function, we
      studied 74 healthy, ambulatory men recruited from the Baltimore Longitudinal
      Study on Aging. We determined basal serum values of T4, T3, rT3, thyroxine
      binding globulin (TBG), and T3 resin uptake (T3RU) and calculated the free T4
      index (FT4I = T4 X T3RU/100), free T3 index (FT3I = T3 X T3RU/100), and T4/TBG
      ratio for each subject. We used an ultrasensitive RIA to measure variations in
      basal concentrations of TSH within the normal range. We then infused TRH at a
      constant rate (0.4 microgram/min iv) for 240 min into 63 of the same men; serum
      samples, collected at 15-min intervals during the infusion, were analyzed for TSH
      by routine RIA. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to age; A (n = 26,
      mean age = 39.4), B (n = 23, mean age = 60.0), and C (n = 25, mean age = 79.6).
      Analysis of variance with Duncan's multiple range test and regression analysis
      were used to evaluate data. There was no significant (P greater than 0.05)
      variation with age of basal serum values of T4, TBG, or T3RU. Comparison of
      groups A and C showed significant decreases of mean values of serum T3 (-11%, P
      less than 0.05), FT3I (-13%, P = 0.02), FT4I (-11%, P less than 0.01), and T4/TBG
      ratio (-12%, P less than 0.01) and an increase in serum TSH (+38%, P less than
      0.05). For these variables, the mean values for group B were intermediate
      between, but not significantly different from, those of A and C. Regression
      analysis showed significant correlations of age with T3, FT3I, FT4I, T4/TBG, and
      TSH at P levels similar to those obtained by Duncan's test. No elderly individual
      exhibited a baseline elevation of TSH (greater than 7 microU/ml) or depression of
      T4 (less than 5 micrograms/dl), suggesting that primary hypothyroidism was not
      present in our old group. The basal TSH concentration did not correlate
      significantly with any index of thyroid function except with FT3I in group C (r =
      -0.43, P less than 0.05). In all age groups the TSH responses to TRH exhibited a
      biphasic pattern with early and late peaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6420437
TI  - Depressed excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in lead-toxic children.
AB  - 6 beta-Hydroxycortisol (6 beta OHF) is a highly polar metabolite of cortisol,
      probably formed in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes by cytochrome P-450
      dependent microsomal monoxygenases. Lead decreases the activity of cytochrome P
      450-dependent microsomal hydroxylases in vivo and in vitro. To examine possible
      inhibitory effects of lead on 6 beta OHF metabolism, urinary 6 beta OHF excretion
      was measured in 26 children with mild to moderate increases in blood lead
      concentrations. Children were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their
      response to the EDTA provocative test. This test was used to assess the size of
      chelatable and potentially toxic lead stores in such children. Children with
      elevated urinary lead excretion after an EDTA provocative test, i.e. elevated
      tissue lead stores, had markedly decreased urinary excretion of 6 beta OHF (178
      +/- 15 micrograms/m2 X 24 h) compared to children who had negative tests (333 +/-
      40 micrograms/m2 X 24 h; P less than 0.01); their urinary cortisol excretion was
      not different from that of age-matched controls. These findings suggest that
      lead, at relatively low concentrations, may interfere with hepatic microsomal
      formation of a cortisol metabolite.

PMID- 6420438
TI  - Progesterone modulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in normal
      women.
AB  - Recent studies show that the frequency and amplitude of pulsatile LH secretion
      change during the normal human menstrual cycle; however, the neuroendocrine
      mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. To assess the role of
      progesterone (P) in regulating LH secretion patterns, we treated normal women (n
      = 5) with im P in oil during the follicular phase of their cycle and compared LH
      pulse frequency, amplitude, and mean plasma level during treatment to those in
      normal cycling women. Normal women were studied five times in five menstrual
      cycles. Each study lasted 24 h, with a sampling interval of 20 min. The cycle
      phases studied were early follicular (twice), late follicular (LF), midluteal,
      and LF with P therapy to simulate luteal phase plasma P levels. LH pulse
      frequency was slower (P less than or equal to 0.001) in the midluteal phase than
      in either the early follicular phase or LF, and furthermore, P, administered in
      the normal follicular phase, slowed LH pulse frequency, augmented pulse
      amplitude, and reduced mean plasma LH levels compared to those in untreated women
      studied at the same cycle phase (P less than or equal to 0.02). We infer that P
      secretion by the ovary mediates the change in the LH secretory pattern during the
      luteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle, and that at least part of this effect
      is mediated by the central nervous system.

PMID- 6420439
TI  - Long term effects of administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      superagonist analog in men with prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Administration of the superagonist analog of GnRH, D-Leu6-GnRH proethylamide,
      profoundly reduced plasma LH, FSH, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone levels
      when given for 6-11 weeks to adult men with prostatic carcinoma. Since patients
      with prostatic carcinoma can be expected to receive this analog for as long as 3
      4 yr, we questioned whether the same degree of reduction could be maintained
      during chronic administration. In 22 men who had received D-Leu6-GnRH
      proethylamide for at least 1 yr, LH and testosterone remained at the initial low
      levels. Plasma dihydrotestosterone concentrations, on the other hand, gradually
      fell further with long term administration. FSH levels reached a nadir of 5.7 +/-
      0.94 (+/- SEM) mIU/ml at 10-11 weeks. Unexpectedly, the plasma levels of this
      gonadotropin then gradually increased, and between 25 and 97 weeks were
      approximately 10-15 mIU/ml. This pattern occurred identically in patients
      receiving either 1 or 10 mg D-Leu6-GnRH proethylamide daily. These data indicate
      persistent suppression of LH and androgen levels during prolonged therapy and
      suggest that D-Leu6-GnRH-induced "medical castration" can be maintained with
      chronic administration.

PMID- 6420440
TI  - Evidence for dopaminergic stimulation of growth velocity in some hypopituitary
      children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if endogenous hGH release, hence
      growth, in hypopituitary children could be potentiated by therapy with
      dopaminergic (DA) drugs namely, L-dopa or bromocriptine. The effect of DA therapy
      on other endocrine function was also examined. Subjects were nine prepubertal
      children (four girls and five boys) with bone ages (BA) ranging from 1.5-9.5 yr.
      They were diagnosed as having idiopathic GH deficiency on the basis of: 1)
      failure to grow at normal rates 2) lack of GH response to two provocative stimuli
      (oral L-dopa, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia) and 3) low somatomedin-C
      concentrations for sex and age. They were divided into two groups. Group I (n =
      4) received L-dopa (15 mg/kg, orally, every 6 h) for 6 months. Group II (n = 5)
      received bromocriptine (1.25 mg, orally, every 12 h) for 6 months. At the end of
      6 months of DA therapy, both groups received human GH (hGH) im (0.1 IU/kg, thrice
      weekly) for 6 months. The growth rate in group I increased to 5.7 +/- 0.6 (+/-
      SE) cm/yr during the 6 months from a pretreatment rate of 3.4 +/- 0.2 cm/yr.
      Individual increments ranged from 30-94% above pretreatment growth rates. Three
      of the four children had significantly increased height increments, and two
      children achieved growth rates normal for their BA. Similarly, the growth rate in
      group II increased to 4.8 +/- 0.8 cm/yr from the pretreatment rate of 2.9 +/- 0.3
      cm/yr. Individual increments ranged from 46-100% above pretreatment growth rates.
      Three children in group II had significantly increased height increments, and two
      children had normal growth rates for BA. The growth increments during L-dopa
      therapy occurred in the three children who had significant increases in hGH and
      somatomedin-C; of the three children with significant growth increments during
      bromocriptine therapy, two had increases in somatomedin-C, and one achieved a
      normal peak hGH value. hGH therapy caused further acceleration of growth
      velocities in the majority of patients. DA therapy had no significant effect on
      basal gonadotropin, gonadal steroids, T4, TSH, or morning cortisol concentrations
      in the majority of children compared with their pretreatment values. The
      following conclusions were reached. Dopaminergic therapy by itself, i.e. L-dopa
      or bromocriptine administration, induced linear growth in some hypopituitary
      children without significantly affecting basal concentrations of LH, FSH, gonadal
      steroids, T4, TSH, or cortisol. The effect this therapy could have in
      potentiating exogenous GH and/or possible GRH therapy is worthy of further
      investigation.

PMID- 6420441
TI  - Higher plasma disappearance rate in the mouse for pituitary follicle-stimulating
      hormone of young women compared to that of men and elderly women.
AB  - Female mice were injected iv with extracts of different human pituitaries and the
      recovery of hFSH in plasma and the disappearance rates of the hormone from the
      circulation were measured. In the first samples taken 5 min after injection, the
      recovery of pituitary FSH of young women (52%) was significantly lower (P less
      than 0.001) than that of men (64%) and elderly women (63%). The plasma
      concentration of human FSH was measured in the mice up to 242 min after
      injection. During this period the disappearance rate of the FSH of a young woman
      continued to be higher than that of the man and the elderly woman. The plasma
      disappearance curves were multiexponential and gave a poor fit in a two-component
      exponential model, probably due both to distribution into more than one
      compartment and to heterogeneity of the material investigated. The MCR and the
      t1/2 of irreversible loss of human FSH from the circulation were therefore also
      calculated from graphic integration of the areas under the disappearance curves
      extrapolated to 480 min. The values obtained in this way for MCR of FSH of a
      young and an elderly woman and a man were 2.4, 1.4, and 1.7 ml/h, respectively,
      and the values for t1/2 were 19, 33, and 28 min, respectively. The differences
      between these values for FSH of the three individuals were highly significant (P
      less than 0.001). The results indicate that the relatively low in vivo biological
      activity reported for pituitary FSH of young women compared to that of men and
      elderly women is due to more rapid clearance of the hormone from the circulation
      of the test animal.

PMID- 6420442
TI  - Gonadotropin and prolactin levels in follicular fluid of human ova successfully
      fertilized in vitro.
AB  - Follicular fluid (FF) and oocytes were obtained from 94 follicles of 36 women for
      fertilization in vitro. Ovulation was induced with human menopausal gonadotropin,
      and follicular aspiration was performed 36 h after an ovulatory injection of hCG.
      The concentrations of immunoreactive hCG, FSH, and PRL were correlated with the
      degree of maturation of the oocyte-corona-cumulus complex mass (OCCC),
      fertilization, rate of cleavage, and the incidence of pregnancy after embryo
      transfer. Immature OCCC were derived from follicles that contained significantly
      lower levels of FSH than those from which intermediate and mature OCCC were
      derived (5.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 11.1 +/- 1.2 mlU/ml; P less than 0.05). FF from oocytes
      that were successfully fertilized contained higher levels of both hCG and FSH
      than FF surrounding oocytes that did not fertilize (136.7 +/- 8.7 vs. 108.5 +/-
      10.3 mlU/ml hCG; 10.55 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.8 mIU FSH, respectively). There was
      no correlation between early embryonic growth rate and FF concentrations of FSH,
      hCG, and PRL. Ova reaching the two-cell stage 40 h after fertilization in vitro
      were associated with the same FF concentrations of FSH, hCG, and PRL as those
      that cleaved to the four-cell stage. The PRL concentration in FF was
      significantly higher in mature fertilized ova and in fertilized ova that were
      associated with a successful pregnancy. It is suggested that the intrafollicular
      concentration of FSH is associated with the degree of mucification of the OCCC,
      but FF levels of both FSH and hCG are associated with successful fertilization.
      High levels of PRL in FF were associated with successful pregnancy and may imply
      a role of this hormone in oocyte maturation.

PMID- 6420443
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the
      hypothalamus of women: effects of age and reproductive status.
AB  - In the study of the effects of age and reproductive status on LHRH and TRH
      content in the hypothalamus of women, we found that the amount of LHRH (58 +/-
      5.5 ng; mean +/- SE) in the hypothalamus of young women (16-29 yr) was
      significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than that (28 +/- 3.0 ng) in
      postmenopausal women (50-78 yr). The hypothalamic content of LHRH (18 +/- 2.4 ng)
      of bilaterally ovariectomized women (39-47 yr) was significantly less (P less
      than 0.001) than that (60 +/- 12.6 ng) in younger ovulatory women (30-39 yr) or
      that (56 +/- 13.5 ng) in ovulatory women of comparable age (40-49 yr). In
      contrast, the hypothalamic content of TRH (121.4 +/- 32.8 ng) in postmenopausal
      women were similar to that (122.3 +/- 12.5 ng) in young women. Although aging in
      women is associated with a significant reduction in the amount of LHRH in the
      hypothalamus, such a reduction appears to be a consequence of ovarian failure and
      not of aging per se.

PMID- 6420444
TI  - Paradoxical responsiveness of growth hormone to corticotropin-releasing factor in
      acromegaly.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor elicited an increase in serum GH in two of six
      patients with acromegaly. Both patients also responded paradoxically to LHRH
      administration and one of them also to TRH, further illustrating the
      dedifferentiation of the receptors of the somatotrophs in acromegaly.

PMID- 6420445
TI  - The effects of naloxone on hot flashes and gonadotropin secretion in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - Hot flashes have a close temporal relationship with the initiation of LH pulses,
      suggesting that factors stimulating gonadotropin release are involved in the
      mechanism of this disturbance. It has been reported that the opiate antagonist
      naloxone acutely blocked subjective hot flashes, a seemingly paradoxical effect,
      since the use of this agent in premenopausal women increases the magnitude and
      frequency of LH pulses. We, therefore, studied the effects of naloxone in 16
      postmenopausal women with frequent hot flashes using continuous recordings of
      finger temperature and skin resistance as objective indices of flushing and
      perspiration, respectively. After baseline recordings, the subjects were
      randomized into equal groups, and the recordings were repeated during 8-h
      infusion of either saline or naloxone (22 micrograms/min). Serum gonadotropin
      levels were measured at 15-min intervals before and during the last 4 h of the
      infusion. Naloxone did not change the rate of objectively measured hot flashes,
      mean serum LH or FSH levels, or the frequencies or amplitudes of gonadotropin
      pulses. These data suggest that there is a very low input of endogenous opiates
      on gonadotropin secretion in postmenopausal women and that opioid peptides do not
      play a role in the initiation of the postmenopausal hot flash.

PMID- 6420446
TI  - Carbon dioxide and anxiety: cardiovascular effects of a single inhalation.
AB  - It is argued that inhalations of carbon dioxide oxygen (CO2/O2) mixtures might be
      useful in the treatment of "fear of fear". Since it has been reported that CO2
      produces sensations that are usually associated with anxiety, it might be used as
      an exposure agent for phobophobics. To find out if, and in what way, CO2 produces
      anxiety-like reactions, the effects of a single inhalation on the cardiovascular
      system was studied. It was found that responses are largely sympathomimetic.

PMID- 6420447
TI  - Inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus on sensitivity testing agar by
      Streptococcus faecalis var zymogenes.

PMID- 6420448
TI  - A circulating lupus-like coagulation inhibitor induced by chlorpromazine.
AB  - A variety of immune phenomena have been associated with chlorpromazine. One such
      factor, the lupus-like anticoagulant, while nonspecific, has been reported in 26
      to 75% of chronic chlorpromazine recipients, although the exact incidence is
      unknown and requires further investigation. Such patients may have an enhanced
      risk of bleeding profiles (hemophilia-like) or, conversely, thrombotic events. A
      case of such a lupus-like anticoagulant with a circulating inactivator of
      coagulation is discussed in light of the recent literature.

PMID- 6420449
TI  - Primary disorders of hyperpigmentation.
AB  - A classification of primary hyperpigmentation conditions is presented. The
      emphasis is on clinical aspects and an attempt has been made to show, when
      possible, a spectrum beginning with localized involvement and progressing to the
      more extensive involvement. Most primary hyperpigmentation conditions and
      syndromes are inherited by autosomal dominant genetics; notable exceptions
      include incontinentia pigmenti, classic dyskeratosis congenita, and xeroderma
      pigmentosum. Early German case reports provide insight into the spectrum of
      uncommon pigmentary conditions, such as dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis. The
      Japanese observe pigmentary problems frequently, have presented some of the more
      unusual cases, and have recently provided us with much-needed research into the
      problem of abnormal pigmentation.

PMID- 6420450
TI  - Investigation of human T-cell biology with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6420451
TI  - A comparison of tooth eruption patterns between two colonies of young marmosets
      (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - The tooth eruption patterns of two large groups of young living marmosets were
      compared. The eruption sequence was essentially similar and was consistent with
      previous studies based on smaller numbers of dead animals. At nine mo, however,
      one group was more advanced than the other, although their craniofacial growth
      patterns were similar.

PMID- 6420452
TI  - Dental students' payment for patient treatment.

PMID- 6420453
TI  - Left ventricular pressure-volume diagrams and end-systolic pressure-volume
      relations in human beings.
AB  - Assessment of left ventricular pressure-volume relations serially in response to
      altered loading conditions and heart rate has been difficult to achieve with
      contrast ventriculography. Accordingly, to study changing pressure-volume
      relations during altered loading and heart rate, left ventricular pressure and
      radionuclide absolute volume curves (obtained using a counts-based method with
      attenuation factor corrections) were recorded in 20 patients. Ventricular
      pressure and radionuclide volume curves were digitized and synchronized to end
      diastole, and pressure-volume plots were subsequently constructed from 32
      pressure-volume coordinates throughout the cardiac cycle. In all patients, the
      correlation between radionuclide absolute volumes and angiographic ventricular
      volumes was r = 0.92. In 10 patients in whom both radionuclide and angiographic
      pressure-volume diagrams were constructed, the agreement between the two methods
      was excellent. With this method, end-systolic pressure-volume relations were
      examined during altered left ventricular loading conditions, pacing-induced
      incremental increases in heart rate and pacing-induced ischemia. Using
      pharmacologically induced changes in left ventricular loading conditions, the
      slope and volume intercept of the end-systolic pressure-volume line could be
      calculated as a means of assessing basal contractility. During pacing-induced
      tachycardia, the slope and volume intercept of the end-systolic pressure-volume
      line could be calculated to quantify the Treppe effect and assess negative
      inotropic changes secondary to ischemia. This study supports the validity of
      using serial recordings of left ventricular pressure and radionuclide volumes to
      assess left ventricular pressure-volume relations, and indicates that this
      approach may be useful in the analysis of end-systolic pressure-volume relations
      in patients.

PMID- 6420454
TI  - Turbidimetric method for determination of glycogen phosphorylase activity and its
      use for estimation of equilibrium position of enzymic reaction.
AB  - A turbidimetric method has been developed for the continuous monitoring of the
      enzyme reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase. This method is based on the
      registration of the turbidity of glycogen solution at wavelengths above 300 nm.
      It has been shown that the increase in the turbidity is strictly proportional to
      the quantity of glucose 1-phosphate formed during the enzyme reaction. The method
      has the advantage of continuity, and it is suitable for determining the initial
      rate of catalytic synthesis or degradation of glycogen in a relatively simple and
      fast way. The kinetic experiments may be carried out under various conditions.
      The method of calculation of the overall equilibrium constant of the enzyme
      reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase has been elaborated. This method is
      based on the analysis of the dependence of the initial rate of the enzymic
      reaction on the proportion of the substrate of the forward reaction: [Pi]/( [Pi]
      + [G-1-P] ).

PMID- 6420455
TI  - The use of prontosil for the visualization of carbonic anhydrase bands in
      polyacrylamide gels. Application to the carbonic anhydrase isozymes of
      erythrocytes and white skeletal muscle of the rabbit.
AB  - Prontosil, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of orange-red colour, is used to
      visualize carbonic anhydrase bands during isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide
      gels. 5-60 ng of the sulfonamide Prontosil are added to the 100-200 microliters
      samples before application to the gels. Bound Prontosil moves into the gel
      together with carbonic anhydrase and stains the enzyme bands formed there, while
      unbound Prontosil remains on top of the gels. The method is specific, no proteins
      other than carbonic anhydrase were observed to be stained, and it requires no
      special equipment. It was applied to chloroform/ethanol extracts of
      erythrolysates and white muscle homogenates from rabbits. Densitometric
      evaluation of the Prontosil-stained bands obtained with these extracts showed
      that rabbit red cells contain roughly equal amounts of carbonic anhydrase
      isoenzymes B and C while in rabbit white skeletal muscle isoenzyme C is
      predominant and little B enzyme occurs. These results confirm previous findings
      obtained by affinity chromatography of erythrolysates and muscle homogenates.

PMID- 6420456
TI  - [Antiviral agents and cicatrization of the corneal stroma].
AB  - Infection of the cornea due to herpes simplex virus continues to be a problem for
      ophthalmologists despite treatment of the disease with antiviral drugs. These
      drugs are known to produce some toxic effects and prolonged administration is
      sometimes necessary. Using tensile strength measurements to assess tissue repair,
      healing of a 5 mm perforating corneal stromal incision was measured after
      treatment with different antiviral drugs four times a day for eighteen
      postoperative days. Results suggest that 3% adenine arabinoside, 3%
      acycloguanosine, 1% trifluorothymidine, and 1% iododesoxycytidine ointments do
      not delay (p greater than 0.05) normal stromal healing.

PMID- 6420457
TI  - Hypothalamic portal blood immunoreactive TRH in the rat: lack of effect of
      hypothyroidism and thyroid hormone treatment.
AB  - Possible thyroid hormone regulation of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) secretion was studied by measurement of hypophyseal portal blood TRH
      concentrations in normal, hypothyroid and thyroid hormone treated rats. TRH was
      measured by radioimmunoassay of methanol extracts of blood. Extraction recovery
      was good. Endogenous TRH immunoreactivity (IR-TRH) was destroyed by incubation
      with normal human serum and it co-migrated with synthetic TRH in a thin layer
      electrophoresis and chromatography system. Mean portal blood IR-TRH
      concentrations ranged from 1041 to 2834 pg/ml in the various groups of rats
      studied. No consistent differences were found in portal blood IR-TRH
      concentrations in normal, hypothyroid or thyroid hormone treated rats. Peripheral
      blood IR-TRH concentrations were similar in normal rats and rats subjected to
      forebrain and hypothalamic removal. These results indicate that TRH secretion
      into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system is not regulated by thyroid hormone
      and that forebrain and hypothalamic secretion do not contribute importantly to
      peripheral blood TRH.

PMID- 6420458
TI  - Nomifensine, TRH and insulin-induced hypoglycemia tests in the diagnosis of
      prolactinomas.
AB  - Nomifensine, TRH and insulin-induced hypoglycemia tests were carried out in 37
      cases of hyperprolactinemia: 25 were due to PRL-secreting pituitary tumors, 6
      cases to GH and PRL-secreting pituitary tumors and 6 to pituitary and suprasellar
      non secreting tumors. Nomifensine failed to suppress the serum PRL in all
      subjects and PRL responses to TRH and insulin-induced hypoglycemia were impaired
      in all patients, irrespective of the origin of hyperprolactinemia. The uniform
      pattern of PRL response to the above tests in patients with hyperprolactinemia of
      variable etiology suggests that none of them is specific for prolactinomas.

PMID- 6420459
TI  - Thyroidal release after oral administration of TRH in normal subjects.
AB  - The oral administration of 40 mg TRH to 17 normal volunteers induced a greater
      TSH response in females than in males, contrasting with an identical pattern of
      total T3 and T4 (TT3, TT4) and of free T3 and T4 (FT3, FT4). TSH peaked at 180
      min while thyroid hormones (total and free) reached their maximum at 360 min. The
      drop in the T4 to T3 ratio (total and free hormones) observed at 360 min is
      consistent with an initial preferential T3 secretion. At 360 min the
      thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were still in the basal range while at 24 h a
      significant increase was observed, essentially in female subjects. Thus T3, T4
      and Tg seem to be sequentially secreted by the thyroid in response to a prolonged
      TSH stimulus.

PMID- 6420460
TI  - [The action of lidocaine hydrochloride on Bacillus megaterium KM].

PMID- 6420461
TI  - Ultrastructure of mast cell degranulation induced by eosinophil peroxidase: Use
      of diaminobenzidine cytochemistry by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - It has been previously demonstrated that eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) when
      supplemented with hydrogen peroxide and a halide induces noncytotoxic mast cell
      degranulation. Using a more highly purified EPO preparation, the ultrastructure
      of EPO-induced mast cell secretion has been studied using transmission and
      scanning electron microscopy and freeze-fracture techniques. At relatively low
      EPO concentrations, secretory changes were comparable to those caused by other
      mast cell secretagogues. Swollen and less electron-dense granules were seen in
      intracellular channels, some of which opened to the outside of the cell. EPO
      stimulation led to bulging of the surface membrane by submembranous granules and
      formation of pores in the cell surface that also contained fewer villous
      projections than control cells. During the secretory process, plasma membrane
      bulges were depleted of intramembranous particles in both the E and P faces of
      the apical regions of the perigranular and plasma membranes. Higher EPO
      concentrations caused a marked cytotoxic disruption of the mast cells.
      Diaminobenzidine cytochemistry was used to detect EPO reaction products on the
      mast cell surface by scanning electron microscopy; this technique should prove
      useful in detecting peroxidase reaction products on a variety of target cells.

PMID- 6420462
TI  - Interferons as modulators of human monocyte-macrophage differentiation. I.
      Interferon-gamma increases HLA-DR expression and inhibits phagocytosis of
      zymosan.
AB  - The development of HLA-DR (Ia) expression in the presence and absence of
      interferon-gamma was monitored in monocyte-macrophage cultures. Overnight
      incubation with doses as low as 5 U/ml gave elevated values for Ia expression and
      the maximum increase was obtained with 200 U/ml. In contrast interferon-alpha had
      only a slight effect on the expression of Ia at doses as high as 2000 U/ml. The
      increase seen at 24 hr was maintained during the first 2 days of culture. The
      interferon-gamma-treated cells expressed four to five times more Ia than fresh
      monocytes. During the same time, monocytes cultured in the absence of interferon
      expressed approximately two times the amount of fresh monocytes. When the surface
      density of Ia was calculated, the interferon-gamma-treated monocytes expressed
      twice that of the untreated cells. Major changes in morphology and size occurred
      between days 3 and 4 of monocyte to macrophage development. Consequently a rapid
      increase in Ia expression took place; however, when the surface density was
      calculated this value increased only slightly when the monocytes matured to
      macrophages. The interferon-gamma-treated cells continued to express more total
      Ia as well as having increased surface density of this antigen. Interferon-gamma
      was also added to monocyte-macrophages several days after culture initiation
      (days 3, 4, and 5). Despite being in different stages of maturation, the cells
      responded to the interferon with increased Ia expression and surface density. The
      phagocytic activity of opsonized zymosans was also monitored. In contrast to Ia
      expression, this activity was downregulated by interferon-gamma, and the lower
      levels of phagocytosis were maintained through the 7 days of observation. Thus,
      interferon-gamma appears to change the differentiation pathway of the monocyte.
      The signal stimulates an increased level of Ia that may assist in the initiation
      of immune responses, and at the same time downregulates the scavenger role of
      removing opsonized particles. Once the monocyte has received this specific signal
      it continues to develop in a pathway different from that of the nontreated
      monocytes.

PMID- 6420463
TI  - Natural and recombinant Escherichia coli-derived interferon-gamma differ in their
      reactivity with monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody GIF-1 was found to neutralize human natural immune interferon
      (IFN-gamma), but not Escherichia coli-derived recombinant IFN-gamma. In addition,
      GIF-1 antibody failed to immunoprecipitate 125I-labeled recombinant IFN-gamma,
      whereas it precipitated natural IFN-gamma in a concentration-dependent manner.
      The lack of recognition of recombinant IFN-gamma by antibody GIF-1 may not be due
      to the absence of the oligosaccharide moiety in the molecules of recombinant IFN
      gamma alone, because removal of carbohydrate from natural IFN-gamma by treatment
      with a mixture of glycosidases did not alter the selective binding of antibody,
      i.e., deglycosylated and untreated natural IFN-gamma were equally neutralized and
      immunoprecipitated by GIF-1 antibody. In addition, a minor monomeric component of
      natural IFN-gamma with the m.w. of 15,500, which apparently lacks carbohydrate,
      was also recognized by antibody GIF-1. These results suggest that the
      discriminative recognition of natural and recombinant IFN-gamma by monoclonal
      antibody GIF-1 may be due to a conformational difference at or near the active
      regions of natural and recombinant human IFN-gamma molecules.

PMID- 6420464
TI  - Ia antigens and associated invariant chain are induced simultaneously in lines of
      T-dependent mast cells by recombinant interferon-gamma.
AB  - Metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies, showed
      that lines of T-dependent mast cells (P cells) that were cultured in the absence
      of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) did not synthesize detectable amounts of Ia
      antigens or the invariant chain (Ii). After exposure for 24 hr to IFN-gamma
      produced from the cloned Mu IFN-gamma gene, P cells synthesized large amounts of
      Ia alpha- and beta-chains and of the invariant chain. The I-A and I-E antigens of
      these T-dependent mast cells were indistinguishable from those of B cells in
      terms of the binding of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and in terms of their
      structure and that of associated molecules as analyzed in two-dimensional gels.
      The effect of IFN-gamma on Ii synthesis in P cells was not due merely to
      inhibition of proliferation, as is the case with certain B cell lines, because
      treatment of P cells with mitomycin C did not induce the invariant chain. Variant
      lines of P cells that did not respond to IFN-gamma with the synthesis of Ia
      antigens, but only the enhanced expression of H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L antigens, also
      failed to synthesize Ii chain. Experiments using three tumor lines related to B
      lymphocytes, however, indicated that in these cells IFN-gamma could enhance the
      synthesis of Ii in the absence of Ia antigens. Whereas Ii chain may be essential
      for Ia expression, Ii chain may have further functions and in some lines can be
      regulated independently by IFN-gamma in the absence of Ia antigen expression.

PMID- 6420465
TI  - Amino acid sequence of a phosphocholine-binding antibody from an immune defective
      CBA/N mouse employing the T15 VH region associated with unusual DH, JH, and V
      kappa segments.
AB  - Mice expressing the xid gene exhibit an altered immune response to phosphocholine
      (PC)-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Less than 25% of their anti-PC
      KLH response is PC specific, and most of these antibodies lack the normally
      predominant T15 idiotype. These findings suggested that immune defective mice
      might employ different variable region genes than normal mice in their anti-PC
      response. To examine this possibility, we characterized by Southern blot analysis
      the gene family encoding PC-VH regions and determined the amino acid sequence and
      fine specificity of binding of a T15-, IgG2, PC-specific hybridoma (1B8E5)
      produced by fusion of the SP2/O cell line and PC-KLH immune CBA/N spleen cells.
      Southern blot analysis of DNA from CBA/N mice by using a PC-VH probe (S107 VH)
      revealed a hybridization pattern virtually identical to that of DNA from normal
      CBA/J mice, indicating that CBA/N mice do not suffer from a gross deletion of PC
      VH genes. Analysis of the 1B8E5 antibody reveals that both the binding
      specificity and relative affinity of this antibody are different from the anti-PC
      antibodies of the T15, M167-M511, and M603 families. The complete amino acid
      sequence of the heavy (H) chain variable region shows that 1B8E5 uses a VH
      segment identical to the allelic form of T15 (C3) but has a unique D region of
      three amino acids and use the JH1 joining segment. Both the DH and JH regions are
      unusual when compared to PC-specific antibodies from normal mice, which have a D
      region composed of five to eight amino acids and use the JH1 joining segment. The
      amino terminal sequence of the 1B8E5 light (L) chain demonstrates that this anti
      PC antibody carries a Vk3 subgroup L chain. Chains from this subgroup have not
      previously been found in association with PC-binding antibodies. Thus, the Vk,
      DH, and JH segments expressed in 1B8E5 make this hybridoma unique in terms of the
      anti-PC antibodies studied to date, and suggests that additional PC-specific
      antibodies exist in inbred mice that employ "unusual" V gene segments.

PMID- 6420467
TI  - Immunologic memory to phosphocholine. V. Hybridomas representative of group II
      antibodies utilize V kappa 1-3 gene(s).
AB  - The anti-phosphocholine (PC) memory response of BALB/c mice to PC-KLH contains
      two groups of antibodies distinguished by fine specificity and by expression of
      the T15 idiotype that dominates Group I but not Group II anti-PC antibodies. The
      contribution of V kappa genes to this diversity was investigated by the analysis
      of L chains from PC-binding hybridoma proteins (PCBHP) representative of Group I
      and Group II. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis was performed on the L
      chains of three independently derived Group II PCBHP up to residue 23 (PCG1-1) or
      21 (aPC-111-1 and aPC-12-3). These three sequences differed from each other by
      only one or two residues, but differed by approximately 50% from the L chains of
      the Group I-like PC-binding myeloma proteins (PCBMP); the Group II sequences are
      closely related to V kappa 1-3. Isoelectric focusing analysis was also performed
      on the L chain of PCG1-1, as well as on L chains from PCBHP typical of Group I
      antibodies, and from an atypical PCBHP differing from Groups I and II in fine
      specificity. A Group I PCBHP and the atypical PCBHP expressed L chains related to
      V kappa 8 and V kappa 24, respectively. The L chains of another Group I PCBHP and
      of the Group II protein, PCG1-1, appeared different from those found in the PCBMP
      and from each other. The results indicate a more diverse expression of L chains
      in the memory anti-PC response than is represented by the PCBMP; both V kappa 8-
      and V kappa 24-derived L chains (and, presumably, somatic variants), as well as
      products of additional V kappa genes (V kappa 1-3), appear to be present in the
      anti-PC memory pool.

PMID- 6420466
TI  - Immunologic memory to phosphocholine. IV. Hybridomas representative of Group I
      (T15-like) and Group II (non-T15-like) antibodies utilize distinct VH genes.
AB  - The anti-phosphocholine (PC) memory response elicited in BALB/c mice by
      phosphocholine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH) contains two groups of
      antibodies distinguished by their fine specificity for PC and p
      nitrophenylphosphocholine (NPPC). Group I antibodies are inhibited by both PC and
      NPPC, while Group II antibodies are inhibited appreciably only by NPPC; only
      Group I antibodies are dominated by the T15 idiotype. Anti-PC hybridomas
      representative of the memory response to PC-KLH were produced to examine the
      variable region genes expressed by memory B cells. Two IgM hybridomas were of the
      Group I type, because they were inhibited by both PC and NPPC and they bound to
      the pneumococcus R36A. However, only one of these antibodies (PCM-2) expressed a
      T15 idiotope, while the other (PCM-1) did not express any of three T15 idiotopes.
      Despite its negative T15 idiotype profile, N-terminal amino acid sequencing of
      PCM-1 purified heavy chain and Southern blots of the hybridoma DNA indicated that
      it utilizes the T15 VH and JH1 genes. Three hybridomas, IgG1, IgM, and IgE,
      typical of Group II antibodies, were examined; these were negative for three T15
      idiotopes and displayed measurable avidity only for NPPC in a PC-protein binding
      inhibition assay. These three hybridoma antibodies, like serum Group II IgG1, did
      not measurably bind to the bacterium R36A. The heavy chain amino termini of all
      three of these antibodies were inaccessible for Edman degradation. Southern blots
      of DNA from the IgG1 hybridoma revealed the T15 VH gene to be in the germ line
      configuration only and unassociated with any JH segment, indicating that this
      Group II antibody utilizes a VH gene different from the T15 family. These results
      signify that, whereas some diversity of the (anti-PC) memory response may be
      generated by somatic diversification of variable regions important in the primary
      response, a significant contribution to the overall heterogeneity of memory
      antibodies originates in the expression of additional variable region genes.

PMID- 6420468
TI  - Regulation of IgM and IgD synthesis in B lymphocytes. I. Changes in biosynthesis
      of mRNA for mu- and delta-chains.
AB  - Although IgD is expressed on the surface of resting B cells at a higher density
      than IgM, we determined that both the steady-state level and the biosynthetic
      rate of mu m-mRNA is higher than that of delta m-mRNA, suggesting that
      translational or post-translational processing of the Ig heavy chains may
      modulate the expression of cell surface Ig. After B cell activation by LPS, delta
      m-mRNA decreases drastically, accounting for the observed decrease in expression
      of IgD. Concomitantly, a dramatic increase in the level of mu s- and gamma s-mRNA
      corresponds to the observed increase in secretion of these Ig isotypes in LPS
      stimulated cells.

PMID- 6420469
TI  - Regulation of IgM and IgD synthesis in B lymphocytes. II. Translational and post
      translational events.
AB  - Studies investigating the relative rates of biosynthesis of mu- and delta
      polypeptide chains in normal resting B lymphocytes have shown that the
      translation rate of mu m is about sevenfold higher than that of delta m, thus
      reflecting the relative abundance of mRNA encoding these two chains. The turnover
      rate of cell surface IgM is faster, however, than that of cell surface IgD,
      resulting in higher expression of cell surface IgD relative to IgM under steady
      state conditions. LPS stimulation of B lymphocytes induces the complete cessation
      of synthesis of the delta-chain, thus accounting for the gradual disappearance of
      IgD from the cell surface of activated cells.

PMID- 6420470
TI  - Selective affinity of protein A containing staphylococci for monomeric and
      polymeric IgG.
AB  - Protein A containing staphylococci were saturated with human monomeric IgG (mIgG)
      and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The resulting material (SMG) preferentially
      bound aggregated IgG (aIgG) and soluble immune complexes (CIC). One milliliter of
      a 10% suspension of SMG bound approximately 30 micrograms of mIgG and 1000
      micrograms of aIgG and CIC. The binding of aIgG to SMG was reduced to
      approximately 50% at a 20-fold excess of mIgG over aIgG. CIC and aIgG could be
      released from SMG by elution with 3 M KSCN. The results indicate that SMG can be
      used for identification and removal of CIC in patient plasma.

PMID- 6420471
TI  - An alternative to PPD for reducing the bleaching of fluorescein, evaluated in
      bacterial immunofluorescence assays.

PMID- 6420472
TI  - Concurrent estimation of the kinetics of adhesion and ingestion of Staphylococcus
      aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs).
AB  - Direct recording of the kinetics of early phagocytic events, recognition or
      adhesion and ingestion, may better characterize some forms of polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction. This report describes a method and criteria to
      discriminate concurrently between adhesion and ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus
      by human PMNs at the level of the light microscope. The criteria were confirmed
      by several lines of direct evidence: low temperature and cytochalasin b treatment
      of PMNs; lysostaphin digestion of target Staphylococcus aureus after PMN
      incubation; and differential ingestibility of colony types I and III N.
      gonorrheae. Concurrent determinations of the initial kinetics of adhesion and
      ingestion of bacteria by PMNs demonstrated generalized first order kinetics,
      sensitive to bacterial challenge ratio and total particle density. Most
      importantly, the method may be applied to determine if phagocytically defective
      PMNs actually fail to recognize opsonized bacteria.

PMID- 6420473
TI  - Problems associated with the presence of immunofluorescent heterophile antibody
      in sera submitted for autoantibody screening.
AB  - A small proportion of sera submitted for routine immunofluorescent antibody
      screening contains heterophile antibodies. The reaction patterns produced by the
      heterophile antibody may be confused with or mask specific autoantibody patterns,
      leading to false positive or false negative autoantibody results. In this study
      we report the development of a method in which fresh sheep red cells are used to
      absorb heterophile antibody from sera without affecting specific autoantibody
      which may be present. This technique was used on a panel of 142 sera known to
      contain heterophile antibody but not initially reported as containing specific
      autoantibodies by immunofluorescence. After absorption with sheep red cells the
      heterophile antibody was completely removed from the sera under test and 27 (19%)
      specimens were shown to contain previously undetected autoantibodies. Only 6 (4%)
      of the sera, however, contained autoantibodies at a titre which would be reported
      as a positive result on routine screening. These results suggest that there may
      be a significant number of sera submitted for routine autoantibody screening
      which contain autoantibodies that are masked by the presence of heterophile
      antibody. Selective use of the absorption technique offers a simple solution to
      this problem.

PMID- 6420474
TI  - 875 cases of bacterial meningitis: diagnostic procedures and the impact of
      preadmission antibiotic therapy. Part III of a three-part series.
AB  - Data on the bacteriological findings, diagnostic measures and clinical course of
      875 patients with bacterial meningitis are presented. Findings from the medical
      records and from a follow-up questionnaire survey of 667 of these cases revealed
      no significant difference between patients treated with antibiotics before
      admission (pretreated) and those who were not treated before admission (non
      pretreated) with respect to clinical condition on admission, mortality and late
      sequelae. Pretreatment was, however, associated with a longer duration of
      symptoms. Apart from cases due to Neisseria meningitidis, there were no
      significant differences in diagnostic findings between pretreated and non
      pretreated cases. In the group of pretreated meningococcal patients, however,
      positive blood cultures, pleiocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
      positive cultures from sites other than blood and CSF were less frequent than in
      the non-pretreated cases.

PMID- 6420475
TI  - Antibiotic resistance of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in West Africa.

PMID- 6420476
TI  - Labeling of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes with indium-111: a new
      method for the quantitation of in-vivo accumulation of PMNLs in rabbit skin.
AB  - A precise method for quantitation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL)
      accumulation in skin in vivo, has been developed so that the proinflammatory
      effects of various agents can be compared. This method can also be used to
      evaluate the effect of therapeutic agents on PMNL accumulation in vivo. Rabbit
      PMNLs were purified from heparinized blood by dextran sedimentation, hypotonic
      lysis, and separation on Ficoll-Hypaque. The PMNLs were labeled with 3-5 microCi
      per 10(6) cells of 111In oxine and reinfused coincidentally with different
      concentrations of different chemotactic and proinflammatory materials injected
      intradermally into the back. In some experiments, varying concentrations of
      acetic acid were applied topically. Four to 18 hours later, the rabbits were
      sacrificed. Eight-millimeter punch biopsies were obtained from the injection
      sites and counted in a gamma counter. The number of PMNLs infiltrating the dermis
      was also quantitated in histologic sections. A significant correlation was found
      between the percent increase in radioactivity and the percent increase in PMNL
      accumulation morphologically. Dose-response curves were generated using such
      proinflammatory materials as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine,
      lipopolysaccharide, activated serum, trypsin, glycogen, and acetic acid. These
      curves were highly reproducible from animal to animal. Using this assay, we found
      that as little as 1 microgram of trypsin induced detectable PMNL accumulation.
      This is 2-3 logs more sensitive than injecting mice intraperitoneally with
      trypsin. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inactivation of trypsin inhibited PMNL
      accumulation. This sensitive and quantitative bioassay of PMNL accumulation
      permits evaluation of multiple agents in the same animal, which decreases animal
      to animal variation.

PMID- 6420477
TI  - Antibiotic selection pressure resulting in multiple antibiotic resistance and
      localization of resistance determinants to conjugative plasmids in streptococci.
AB  - The plasmid content, antibiotic susceptibilities, and biochemical traits of fecal
      streptococci isolated from pigs during a tylosin feeding experiment were
      analyzed. The presence of tylosin in the feed did not select for a particular
      streptococcal strain or biochemical type but did select for multiple antibiotic
      resistance. A DNA probe obtained from Escherichia coli and containing a cloned
      macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance determinant from a
      streptococcal strain of human origin hybridized primarily to large plasmids among
      MLS-resistant streptococci from antibiotic-fed pigs. Patterns of hybridization
      were similar among MLS-resistant clinical isolates from human infections and
      isolates from other antibiotic-fed animals. The results of mating experiments
      indicated that tylosin selected for localization of the MLS determinants to large
      conjugative plasmids. These data established (1) a strong sequence homology
      between MLS resistance genes in isolates from humans and those from farm animals
      and (2) an increased potential for dissemination of MLS resistance as a
      consequence of tylosin feeding.

PMID- 6420478
TI  - An outbreak of Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections in patients receiving
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - From July to September 1981, five patients at one hospital had bloodstream
      infections or colonization of an intravascular cannula with Candida parapsilosis.
      All five cases, but none of 34 controls, were receiving parenteral nutrition at
      the onset of infection or colonization (P less than 0.01; Fisher's exact test,
      one-tailed). Epidemiologic investigation showed that human serum albumin was more
      frequently added to parenteral nutrition solutions during the epidemic period
      than during a comparable period a year earlier. The increase in human serum
      albumin use coincided with the more frequent use of an electrically powered
      vacuum pump to assist in compounding parenteral nutrition solutions. Cultures
      from the vacuum pump showed heavy growth of C parapsilosis from multiple sites.
      Laboratory investigation demonstrated that sterile solutions could be
      contaminated by use of the vacuum pump. Use of the vacuum pump was stopped, and
      no further cases occurred.

PMID- 6420479
TI  - Serological diagnosis of Hymenolepiasis nana.

PMID- 6420480
TI  - [Isolation of Legionella spp. from environmental samples in the Okayama area].

PMID- 6420481
TI  - [Sequential changes of rubella antibody responses in university students after
      vaccination].

PMID- 6420482
TI  - [Ecological distribution of Legionella species in Japan and pathogenicity of
      environmental isolates].

PMID- 6420483
TI  - [Double-blind comparative clinical study of cefpiramide (SM-1652) and cefmetazole
      in complicated urinary tract infections].

PMID- 6420484
TI  - [Combined effect of intravenous human immunoglobulin (GV-523) and antibiotics in
      severe infections in the fields of internal medicine and surgery].

PMID- 6420485
TI  - [Case of bacteremic phlegmon due to Vibrio vulnificus].

PMID- 6420486
TI  - [Clinical study of anti-anginal action of nitroglycerin].

PMID- 6420487
TI  - [Densensitization phenomenon in pituitary hormone release caused by sustained
      administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone].

PMID- 6420488
TI  - [Case of gold lung with gold particles detected in the lung tissue by
      transbronchial lung biopsy].

PMID- 6420489
TI  - Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate (Merthiolate) inhibition of antigen-antibody
      interactions in radioimmunoassay systems.
AB  - Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate (Merthiolate), used for preservation of buffer
      solutions, was found to inhibit the antigen-antibody binding reactions in
      radioimmunoassay systems in a noncompetitive manner. This effect is attributable
      to the mercury ion per se.

PMID- 6420490
TI  - Platelet adhesion to noncovalently immobilized collagen.
AB  - Affinity chromatography with collagen covalently immobilized to agarose is
      frequently used to measure platelet adhesion. A simpler, equally sensitive
      affinity chromatographic assay for quantitation of platelet adhesion to
      noncovalently immobilized type I collagen has been developed. In the presence of
      EDTA, human and canine platelet adhesion increased linearly with increasing
      collagen up to 0.3 mg/ml of packed resin and attained a maximum of 90% adhesion
      above 1 mg/ml. No temperature dependence was observed. When collagen fibrils were
      immobilized with periodate-oxidized or CNBr-activated agarose, platelets from
      both species were rarely observed adhering to fibrils in close association with
      the agarose surface. Increased divalent cation levels resulted in increased
      platelet adhesion. In citrated platelet-rich plasma, where aggregation may occur,
      experiments with thrombopathic canine platelets which fail to aggregate or
      secrete in response to collagen suggest that up to 84% of the maximal "adhesion"
      observed in citrated systems is adhesion to collagen per se. In contrast to
      adhesion to glass bead surfaces, in vitro platelet adhesion to collagen was only
      marginally affected in the absence of aggregation and secretion. Normal platelet
      interaction with fibrinogen is not essential for platelet adhesion to collagen.
      Formalin fixation had no effect on platelet adhesion to collagen. Fixed platelets
      were quantitatively recovered after elution with 1M NaCl. Our results suggest
      that in vitro adhesion of canine platelets to collagen is similar to that
      observed for human platelets and that collagen fibril-fibril associations may be
      essential for platelet adhesion whereas active platelet metabolism and membrane
      fluidity are not. Initial adhesion of platelets to collagen in vitro appears to
      be predominantly ionic in nature.

PMID- 6420491
TI  - Modulation of rat pituitary gonadotrophin secretion by porcine granulosa cell
      'inhibin', LH releasing hormone and sex steroids in rat anterior pituitary cells
      in culture.
AB  - The incubation of female rat adenohypophysial cells in primary culture with
      porcine granulosa cell culture medium (GCM) led to the complete inhibition of
      responses of LH and FSH to LH releasing hormone (LHRH) as well as to the
      inhibition of spontaneous release of FSH. These effects of GCM suggest the
      specificity of the 'inhibin'-like activity of this material. Granulosa cell
      culture medium completely reversed the stimulatory effect of oestradiol-17 beta
      on the responses of LH and FSH to LHRH, as well as reversing the stimulatory
      effect of progesterone, oestradiol or a combination of both steroids on the
      spontaneous release of FSH, while not affecting the spontaneous release of LH.
      The antioestrogenic effects of progesterone observed on the response of LH to 0.3
      nM-LHRH were amplified in the presence of GCM while the stimulatory effects of
      progesterone, oestradiol or both on the response of FSH to 0.3 nM-LHRH were
      completely reversed by the medium. Moreover, the presence of GCM led to an
      additive inhibitory effect with dihydrotestosterone on the response of LH to LHRH
      while it completely reversed the stimulatory effect of the androgen on
      spontaneous and LHRH-induced FSH release. The present data show that the presence
      of porcine granulosa cell 'inhibin' activity can exert marked interactions with
      sex steroids in the control of gonadotrophin secretion. This 'inhibin' activity
      reversed all the stimulatory effects and potentiated all the inhibitory effects
      of sex steroids on gonadotrophin secretion. Although the physiological role of
      'inhibin' remains to be defined well, the importance of this activity is clearly
      demonstrated in anterior pituitary cells in culture.

PMID- 6420492
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine and naloxone on plasma levels of prolactin, LH and FSH
      during suckling in the female rat: responses to gonadotrophin releasing hormone.
AB  - The roles of dopamine and the endogenous opiate peptides in the mediation of the
      inverse relationship between prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion during
      lactation were studied by comparing the effects of bromocriptine and naloxone on
      plasma levels of prolactin, LH and FSH during suckling in the female rat. The
      effects of exogenous gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the LH and FSH
      responses to bromocriptine and naloxone were also assessed. In control animals
      (saline), there was a marked fall in LH levels and a large increase in prolactin
      levels within 15 min of suckling. In response to GnRH (25 ng) there was a small
      progressive increase in LH levels reaching a maximum at 45 min. Both
      bromocriptine (500 micrograms) and naloxone (500 micrograms) markedly suppressed
      the suckling-induced prolactin surge when administered in two separate groups of
      animals. However, despite the bromocriptine-induced suppression of prolactin
      levels, there was no increase in LH levels which remained low throughout the
      suckling period. Naloxone (500 micrograms), however, induced a twofold increase
      in LH levels within 15 min suggesting that an enhanced opiate rather than
      dopaminergic activity may be responsible for the suppression of GnRH and hence
      gonadotrophin secretion during suckling. This is supported by the finding that
      whereas combined bromocriptine (500 micrograms) and GnRH (25 ng) treatment
      suppressed the suckling-induced prolactin rise and also induced only a small
      progressive increase in LH (similar to GnRH alone), combined naloxone (500
      micrograms) and GnRH (25 ng) treatment induced a sharp sixfold increase in LH
      levels within 15 min while at the same time markedly suppressing prolactin
      levels. None of these drug treatments affected the levels of FSH.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420493
TI  - Effects of tactile and electrical stimuli upon release of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide in the mammalian penis.
AB  - Plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the corpora cavernosa
      penis and dorsal penile veins greatly exceeded those measured in the limb or
      caudal veins during anaesthesia in various mammals (Bennett's wallaby, Barbary
      sheep, cheetah, puma, sooty mangabey, pigtail macaque and chimpanzee). Tactile
      stimulation of the penis immediately before or during collection of blood samples
      resulted in an increase. In the wallaby, VIP levels (mean +/- S.E.M.) in blood
      samples collected from the flaccid penis in the absence of tactile stimulation
      were very low (0.6 +/- 0.5 pmol/l). A 36-fold increase in VIP occurred after
      manual extension of the flaccid penis (24.8 +/- 3.2 pmol/l) or during manually
      stimulated erections (25.1 +/- 1.7 pmol/l). Electrical stimulation of erection
      produced no significant increase in VIP levels (2.3 +/- 0.9 pmol/l) unless
      accompanied by tactile stimulation (17.5 +/- 1.4 pmol/l). These studies provide
      the first demonstration that sensory feedback from the penis plays an important
      role in regulating vasoactive intestinal polypeptidergic activity. Since VIP is a
      potent vasodilator its release due to tactile stimuli during copulation may play
      a role in the maintenance of penile erection.

PMID- 6420494
TI  - Homeotic transformations of the abdominal segments of Drosophila caused by
      breaking or deleting a central portion of the bithorax complex.
AB  - In Drosophila, genes in the centromere-proximal portion of the bithorax complex
      (BX-C) have been shown to control the development of the metathorax, and parts of
      the mesothorax and first abdominal segment. Here, we explore the roles of genes
      positioned more distally by examining the larval and adult phenotypes caused by a
      breakpoint and deletion in the middle of the complex. We find that both
      aberrations affect only abdominal segments, transforming the more anterior
      segments towards the first abdominal segment, and the remaining segments into a
      graded series of novel segment types which are partially transformed towards more
      anterior abdominal segments. Moreover, the adult transformations, which we have
      observed in somatic clones of mutant cells, are in close accord with the
      transformations observed in mutant first instar larvae, and appear to be
      expressed in a cell autonomous fashion. We discuss these results in the light of
      current views of the organization and function of the complex.

PMID- 6420495
TI  - Multiple VH gene segments encode murine antistreptococcal antibodies.
AB  - Most mouse strains are able to mount a diverse antibody response against group A
      streptococcal carbohydrate (GAC). We have previously reported that murine anti
      GAC antibodies are for the most part restricted to IgM and IgG3 subclasses. In
      addition, despite extensive heterogeneity in their isoelectric focusing patterns,
      greater than 50% of A/J anti-GAC antibodies share a common light chain defined by
      spectrotypic and idiotypic (VK1GAC) criteria. We have used protein and DNA
      sequencing strategies to examine the genetic basis of diversity in murine anti
      GAC antibodies. In particular, we report that, (a) multiple, closely homologous
      VH gene segments contribute to the generation of anti-GAC antibodies, (b) a
      common framework sequence, related to the VK27 subgroup, probably defines VK1GAC,
      and (c) the A/J anti-GAC VH regions and BALB/c anti-inulin VH sequences are 95%
      homologous at the protein level and are likely encoded by overlapping VH gene
      families. Lastly, we discuss the genetic mechanisms that might permit the
      evolution of multiple, closely homologous germline VH gene segments in the
      context of highly divergent flanking region sequences.

PMID- 6420496
TI  - Genes for the mouse T cell alloantigens Tpre, Tthy, Tind, and Tsu are closely
      linked near Igh on chromosome 12.
AB  - Genes encoding the T cell alloantigens Tpre, Tthy, Tind, and Tsu have been mapped
      to a short segment of chromosome 12 using Igh recombinant strains of mice. These
      loci are located in a tightly linked cluster between the immunoglobulin heavy
      chain constant region gene cluster, Igh-C, and the serum prealbumin locus Pre-1,
      in this manner: centromere--Igh-C--(Tthy, Tind)-Tsu-Tpre--Pre-1.

PMID- 6420498
TI  - Rheumatoid factors in 129XB recombinant inbred strains. Igh-1-linked control of
      allotypic and isotypic specificities.
AB  - To examine the role of autologous IgG in the induction of murine rheumatoid
      factors (RF) we have analyzed the allotypic specificity of anti-IgG2a RF in
      recombinant inbred strains derived from 129/Sv (Igh-1a) and C57BL/6 (Igh-1b)
      mice. In five of six Igh-1a strains, anti-IgG2a RF reacted with IgG2aa but failed
      to react with IgG2ab. In contrast, isotype-specific RF, which reacted equally
      well with a and b allotypes of IgG2a, represented the major RF species in one Igh
      1a and all five Igh-1b strains tested. An additional form of RF specific for
      IgG2ab and not reactive with IgG2aa was detected in one Igh-1b strain. RF
      specific for a give allotype was thus only found in the presence of that
      allotype, which strongly suggests the involvement of autologous IgG in the
      induction of mouse RF synthesis. The specificity of RF was apparently further
      controlled by genes linked to but different from the Igh-C locus, as indicated by
      the absence of IgG2aa-specific RF in one of the 6 Igh-1a strains tested. Because
      this strain, 129XBG, has been shown to express idiotypic markers characteristic
      of Igh-1b mice, it is likely that the genes, which in the presence of a given
      allotype induce the production of isotype rather than allotype-specific RF, are
      identical to those that control the expression of idiotypes. Evidence was also
      obtained to indicate that Igh-1-linked genes influence the isotypic specificity
      and the isotype of RF itself: IgA anti-IgG2a predominated in Igh-1a strains and
      IgM anti-IgG1 in Igh-1b strains. Interestingly enough, total IgA and IgG2a levels
      also were higher in Igh-1a than in Igh-1b strains.

PMID- 6420497
TI  - Subcellular localization of the PGE2 synthesis activity in mouse resident
      peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The aim of this work was to establish, on a quantitative basis, the subcellular
      distribution of the enzyme system that converts arachidonic acid into
      prostaglandin (PG) E2 in mouse resident peritoneal (MRP) macrophages. Kinetic
      studies were conducted on cell-free extracts derived from cells cultivated for 1
      d, using [1-14C]arachidonic acid as substrate and measuring the label in PGE2
      after extraction and thin layer chromatography. The activity was synergistically
      enhanced by L-adrenaline and reduced glutathione, inhibited by indomethacin, and
      linearly related to the concentration of the cell-free extract. It was labile at
      0 degrees C in the medium used for homogenization and fractionation of the cells
      (half-life less than 2 h). Addition of catalase (0.15 mg/ml) to the suspension
      medium increased the initial activity (by congruent to 70%) and the stability
      (half-life congruent to 6 h) of the enzyme in cytoplasmic extracts. It enabled us
      to establish the density distribution after isopycnic centrifugation in a linear
      gradient of sucrose. The sample centrifuged consisted of untreated cytoplasmic
      extracts, or cytoplasmic extracts treated with digitonin and Na pyrophosphate.
      Comparison of the centrifugation behavior of PGE2 synthesis activity with that of
      various enzymes used as reference for the major subcellular entities has revealed
      that PGE2 synthesis fairly fits the density profile of sulfatase C in each case.
      The conclusion is that at least the rate-limiting reaction in the conversion of
      arachidonic acid into PGE2 is catalyzed by an enzyme associated with the
      endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6420499
TI  - Analysis of the structural heterogeneity and polymorphism of human Ia antigens.
      Four distinct subsets of molecules are coexpressed in the Ia pool of both DR1,1
      homozygous and DR3,W6 heterozygous B cell lines.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies reacting with distinct human Ia antigenic determinants
      have been used to demonstrate the coexpression of four distinct subsets, NG1,
      NG2, H40+-3/4+, and DC1 H40--3/4+, in the Ia pool of DR heterozygous or
      homozygous B cell lines. By two-dimensional peptide mapping the four subsets
      within the same Ia pool displayed structurally different beta as well as alpha
      subunits. The beta chain of the NG1 subset was shown to display considerable
      structural polymorphism when analyzed in two cell lines with distinct DR but
      similar DC phenotype, LG2 (DR1,1-DC1) and Raji (DR3, W6-DC1). In contrast, the
      beta chains of NG2, DC1 H40+-3/4+, and DC1 H40--3/4+ subsets of LG2 cells were
      shown to be very similar to their homologous Raji cell counterparts, thus
      indicating a relatively low structural polymorphism. Furthermore, the alpha
      chains of either one of the four subsets expressed in LG2 cells displayed very
      high structural similarities to the homologous counterparts in the Raji Ia pool,
      thus suggesting a relatively low polymorphism for the large Ia subunits described
      in this study. A striking feature deduced from this study was the selective
      subunit association of the distinct alpha-beta heterodimers.

PMID- 6420500
TI  - The HLA-DR4 family of haplotypes consists of series of distinct DR and DS
      molecules.
AB  - Among DR4-associated HLA-D antigens, distinct and consistent structural
      variations were found for the products of two human "Ia-like" loci, DR and DS.
      Analysis of neuraminidase-treated immunoprecipitated DR molecules from 15 HLA-DR4
      associated HLA-D homozygous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines by two dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified five distinct DR beta chains. In
      addition, gel analysis of immunoprecipitated DS molecules identified three
      distinct DS beta chains. Altogether, five distinct DR4 haplotypes were defined
      according to the observed structural diversity of the DR and DS beta chains.
      These gene products presumably contribute the dominant polymorphisms recognized
      by T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Thus, these studies indicate that
      the serologic specificity known as HLA-DR4 is not a single haplotype, but a
      determinant present on products of individual loci arrayed into distinctly
      different haplotypes. These findings suggest that distinct products of individual
      loci, rather than conventional HLA specificities defined by alloimmune sera, may
      represent the genetic markers relevant to HLA-D/DR associated diseases.

PMID- 6420502
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of the opacity-associated proteins of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Gonococci, grown on agar, frequently give rise to opaque colonies. This opacity
      phenotype is associated with the presence of one or more outer membrane proteins
      of approximately 28,000 mol weight. These proteins are included within a class of
      proteins named proteins II. A method is described to isolate and purify the
      opacity-associated proteins from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This method uses high
      concentrations of calcium and a zwitterionic detergent at pH 4.0. Under these
      conditions proteins II are readily solubilized from the outer membrane. Further
      purification is achieved by ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography in
      the presence of the zwitterionic detergent. The opacity-associated proteins are
      very basic with isoelectric points varying between 9.0 to 10.0. Further evidence
      for their basic nature is their behavior on ion exchange chromatography and their
      amino acid composition.

PMID- 6420501
TI  - Somatic mutation creates diversity in the major group of mouse immunoglobulin
      kappa light chains.
AB  - Using a cloned cDNA of a mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain synthesized in a
      myeloma MOPC321 (V kappa-21 subgroup C) as a probe we could detect 13 germ line V
      kappa gene segments. 11 of these were isolated. Using a set of overlapping cloned
      segments, we showed that nine of these germ line V kappa genes are arranged in
      two linkage clusters and that they all have the same transcriptional orientation
      (11, 12, 22). These two clusters occupy 90 and 30 kb of chromosomal DNA and
      contain six and three V kappa's, respectively. We determined the complete
      nucleotide sequences of five germ line V kappa's and showed that three of them
      encode the prototype sequence of V kappa-21 subgroups B, C, and E. None of these
      five germ line V kappa's encodes the variant amino acid sequences of known V
      kappa-21 subgroups. We thus conclude that, as in the lambda 1 light chains, the
      variant V regions are encoded by gene segments derived by a few somatic mutations
      from the corresponding germ line DNA. Such somatic mutations are not restricted
      to sequences encoding the hypervariable regions: they also occur in sequences
      encoding framework regions.

PMID- 6420503
TI  - High frequency of lambda gene activation in bone marrow pre-B cells.
AB  - The frequency of lambda light chain (L) producing cells in immunoglobulin
      producing cells that have been generated in vitro from bone marrow pre-B cells
      was investigated. The frequency of lambda-producing cells obtained in such a
      culture was three- to eightfold higher than that observed in the culture of
      mature spleen B cells. These results suggest that the activation of lambda gene
      at pre-B cell stage occurs far more frequently than the frequency presumed from
      the percentage of lambda-bearing cells in mature B cells.

PMID- 6420505
TI  - Current problems in human in vitro fertilization and embryo implantation.
AB  - Recently, in several centers, there have been striking increases in the pregnancy
      rates from human in vitro fertilization (IVF). Some of the procedural changes
      which appear to have been important in contributing to the improvements are 1)
      refinement and individualization of ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate
      and human menopausal gonadotropin and timing of hCG administration, aided by
      monitoring of plasma estradiol, cervical mucus characteristics, and follicle size
      and number; 2) preincubation of oocytes before insemination; 3) improvements in
      embryo transfer procedures, including smaller diameter catheters, smaller fluid
      volume, and the inclusion of a high proportion of serum in the transfer medium.
      Although there are still unresolved problems at all stages it would be of
      significant assistance to the induction and culture if a noninvasive monitor of
      oocyte maturity and health were available. The appearance of the living oocyte
      under the light microscope has proved of limited diagnostic value. With this aim
      in mind, the microscopic appearance of cumulus cells and follicular fluid protein
      levels have been assessed with respect to their usefulness in indirect oocyte
      assessment. Follicular fluid proteins from patients who had become pregnant after
      the transfer of a single embryo have been separated by broad spectrum pH
      isoelectric focusing. the complex band profiles were quantitated by laser beam
      densitometry. Statistical analyses of the results, grouped according to the
      performance of the oocyte and resulting embryo following IVF, indicate that there
      are differences between the groups in which the oocytes fertilized, cleaved, and
      produced pregnancies and those which did not. Further studies are underway to
      assess the predictive value of the individual isoelectric focusing profiles. Also
      being investigated is their possible usefulness in monitoring ovulation induction
      regimens.

PMID- 6420504
TI  - Sequence of a cDNA encoding Basilea kappa light chains (K2 isotype) suggests a
      possible relationship of protein structure to limited expression.
AB  - We present the complete sequence of a cDNA encoding rabbit immunoglobulin kappa
      light chains of the Basilea isotype (K2). Although all rabbits seem to possess a
      K2 constant region gene, expression of this gene in most rabbits is minimal if
      present at all. Even in Basilea rabbits the majority of expressed immunoglobulins
      are of lambda type. We find that the sequence of our Basilea cDNA constant region
      and the sequence of a "silent" K2 gene from b4 rabbits (bas-N4) are almost
      identical. The bas (K2) isotype lacks cysteine at position 171 in the constant
      region that is present in all K1 constant regions and usually forms an
      interdomain disulfide bond, with a cysteine at position 80 of the variable
      region. We postulate that one factor contributing to the low expression of the
      bas (K2) isotype could be a paucity of V kappa regions lacking cysteine at
      position 80. If a typical rabbit V kappa encoding Cys at position 80 is
      rearranged and expressed with th K2 isotype. B cells with mRNAs encoding light
      chains with free sulfhydryl groups would result. These cells may fail to form
      functional immunoglobulin receptors. Only a small subset of rabbit variable
      regions that lack the cysteine at position 80 would rearrange and encode K2 light
      chains lacking a free sulfhydryl group.

PMID- 6420506
TI  - In vitro development of the mammalian embryo.
AB  - Normal growth and differentiation of mammalian embryos in vitro during the
      preimplantation period appear to be dependent upon the availability of
      appropriate metabolic substrates. For preimplantation embryos, defined conditions
      of culture have been achieved only in a few laboratory species. There is now
      evidence that differentiation factors isolated from fetal calf serum and human
      placental cord serum may promote further development of blastocysts.
      Postimplantation rat and mouse embryos can be cultured during the organogenesis
      period with rat or human sera in roller bottles. The embryonic differentiation of
      the rat at this stage of development is progressively retarded in such cultures
      with male rat serum. The embryonic development is not improved, even in sera
      obtained from rats at different days of gestation (12, 15-16, and 20-21).
      Inability to grow placental tissues simultaneously with embryos, accumulation of
      unfavorable substances, and rapid depletion of nutrients contribute to the
      retardation of embryonic growth. To improve growth and differentiation of
      conceptuses, a continuous culture system with the possibility of infusion of
      increasing concentrations of oxygen in the roller bottle gas atmosphere has been
      developed. This improved method allows considerable continuous growth and
      differentiation from the neurula stage with development of numerous primary
      organs. Utilizing these in vitro culture methods during pre- and postimplantation
      periods, it is now possible to assess embryotoxic or teratogenic potential of
      drugs and chemical agents. The postimplantation culture procedure allows a more
      precise assessment of mechanisms associated with anomalous embryonic
      differentiation. Bioactivation of teratogens and effects of active toxic
      metabolites on organ primordium differentiation have been shown by combining
      embryo culture with a hepatic microsomal activating system. Microinjection of
      teratogens and cells into conceptus compartments is being used to elucidate
      specific anomalous differentiation processes.

PMID- 6420507
TI  - Cell volume regulation by Amphiuma red blood cells. The role of Ca+2 as a
      modulator of alkali metal/H+ exchange.
AB  - In response to osmotic perturbation, the Amphiuma red blood cell regulates volume
      back to "normal" levels. After osmotic swelling, the cells lose K, Cl, and
      osmotically obliged H2O (regulatory volume decrease [RVD] ). After osmotic
      shrinkage, cell volume is regulated as a result of Na, Cl, and H2O uptake
      (regulatory volume increase [RVI] ). As previously shown (Cala, 1980 alpha), ion
      fluxes responsible for volume regulation are electroneutral, with alkali metal
      ions obligatorily counter-coupled to H, whereas net Cl flux is in exchange for
      HCO3. When they were exposed to the Ca ionophore A23187, Amphiuma red blood cells
      lost K, Cl, and H2O with kinetics (time course) similar to those observed during
      RVD. In contrast, when cells were osmotically swollen in Ca-free media, net K
      loss during RVD was inhibited by approximately 60%. A role for Ca in the
      activation of K/H exchange during RVD was suggested from these experiments, but
      interpretation was complicated by the fact that an increase in cellular Ca
      resulted in an increase in the membrane conductance to K (GK). To determine the
      relative contributions of conductive K flux and K/H exchange to total K flux,
      electrical studies were performed and the correspondence of net K flux to
      thermodynamic models for conductive vs. K/H exchange was evaluated. These studies
      led to the conclusion that although Ca activates both conductive and
      electroneutral K flux pathways, only the latter pathways contribute significantly
      to net K flux. On the basis of observations that A23187 did not activate K loss
      from cells during RVI (when the Na/H exchange was functioning) and that amiloride
      inhibited K/H exchange by swollen cells only when cells had previously been
      shrunk in the presence of amiloride, I concluded that Na/H and K/H exchange are
      mediated by the same membrane transport moiety.

PMID- 6420508
TI  - Regulation of expression of the uxu operon and of the uxuR regulatory gene in
      Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Gene fusions between the lac structural genes and various genes of the hexuronate
      system of Escherichia coli K12 were isolated by the technique of Casadaban.
      Mud(Aprlac) and lambda plac-Mu insertion mutants were constructed in which the
      lac genes were fused to the regulatory region of the uxu operon. In all the uxu
      lac fusion strains, beta-galactosidase expression was shown to be inducible by
      the natural inducers of the uxu operon (glucuronate and fructuronate) and
      sensitive to catabolite repression by glucose. In addition we isolated a
      Mud(Aprlac) fusion where the lac genes were fused to the uxuR regulatory gene. In
      this fusion the synthesis of beta-galactosidase reflects the regulation of the
      uxuR gene. In the presence of a wild-type uxuR allele, partial repression of beta
      galactosidase expression was found; the repression was removed when inducer was
      added. This result indicates that while the uxuR gene is subject to autogenous
      control, the uxuR repressor may have only a low affinity for its own operator.

PMID- 6420509
TI  - Bacillus subtilis mutation blocking irreversible binding of bacteriophage SPP1.
AB  - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 were isolated which allow adsorption but not
      infection by bacteriophage SPP1. The adsorbed phages can be subsequently
      recovered in active form. From ten other bacteriophages tested, only the SPP1
      related phages 41c, 22a, p15 and SF6 failed to plate on the mutant cells. The
      mutation responsible for this behaviour (pha-2) was mapped by PBS1 transduction,
      showing 95% cotransduction with ald-1.

PMID- 6420510
TI  - Isolation of Daudi cells with reduced sensitivity to interferon. I.
      Characterization.
AB  - Treatment of Daudi cells with successively increasing concentrations of
      interferon-alpha resulted in the selection of a cell population which multiplied
      in the continued presence of 10(4) units/ml of interferon-alpha. A number of
      clones of interferon-resistant Daudi cells were isolated from this population.
      Two clones, DIF2 and DIF3, were found to exhibit moderate and pronounced
      resistance, respectively, to both the antiviral and antiproliferative actions of
      human interferons-alpha and -beta. These clones were also less responsive to the
      enhancement by interferon of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen expression. Both
      the surface antigens and karyotype of the interferon-resistant clones were
      similar to those of parental Daudi cells. After prolonged cultivation in the
      absence of interferon, DIF3 cells were found to 'revert' to an intermediate
      interferon sensitivity. The interferon sensitivity of clone DIF2 remained
      unchanged even after more than 1 year in culture.

PMID- 6420511
TI  - Purification of the scrapie agent by density gradient centrifugation.
AB  - Plasma membrane-enriched preparations from scrapie-infected and healthy hamster
      brains, as well as preparations of neural retina, were sonicated, then separated
      by rate-zonal sedimentation in 10 to 25% Nycodenz gradients. Gradient fractions
      were extracted with 0.5% Triton X-100 and re-fractionated by equilibrium density
      centrifugation in linear 25 to 40% CsCl gradients. Infectivity was highest in a
      fraction having a density of 1.280 g/ml and which contained a visible band of
      material. Digestion of the Nycodenz fractions with proteinase K before detergent
      extraction and CsCl fractionation resulted in a shift in the visible band to a
      density of 1.235 g/ml with most of the scrapie infectivity remaining at 1.280
      g/ml. When labelled with 125I after 40-fold concentration, this 1.280 g/ml CsCl
      fraction from the proteinase K-treated gradients contained only a single band of
      protein(s) having a mol. wt. near 30 000. No differences were seen between
      proteins in healthy or scrapie-infected preparations.

PMID- 6420512
TI  - Experimental infection of chimpanzees with the HBsAg-associated delta (delta)
      agent: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Characteristic cytoplasmic membranous structures and intranuclear aggregates of
      particles similar to those reported in non-A, non-B hepatitis were observed by
      electron microscopy in the liver biopsies of chimpanzees inoculated with human
      serum, infectious for the delta agent. The ultrastructural changes were maximal
      during the intrahepatic production of the delta antigen, but were detected also
      independently of delta-Ag expression. The ultrastructural analogies provide
      further evidence that delta has properties distinct from HBV.

PMID- 6420513
TI  - Community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis: clinical characteristics and
      chronicity.
AB  - The characteristics of 86 patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis were
      compared to 23 patients with acute hepatitis A and 76 with acute hepatitis B by
      medical record reviews of patients seen at 5 hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, as
      part of case-control study of viral hepatitis. Results of serum aminotransferase
      levels, bilirubin, albumin, and prothrombin times alone could not distinguish the
      type of viral hepatitis because of extensive overlap. The alanine
      aminotransferase range for non-A, non-B hepatitis was 56 to 1819 IU/liters, for
      hepatitis A 250 to 1995 IU/liters, and for hepatitis B 203 to 2120 IU/liters. The
      ranges of aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin for the types of hepatitis
      also overlapped. Fewer patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis or hepatitis A had a
      prolonged prothrombin time compared to patients with hepatitis B. Hepatic
      encephalopathy was seen only in two patients with hepatitis B. Forty-two percent
      of non-A, non-B hepatitis patients followed for 6 months or longer continued to
      have elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. Chronic alanine aminotransferase
      elevation was independent of the source of infection: transfusion, parenteral
      drug use, or all other sources. Prolonged follow-up is necessary to evaluate
      chronicity in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6420514
TI  - Demonstration of autoreceptors on dopamine neurons in different brain regions of
      rats treated with gammabutyrolactone.
AB  - Following interruption of the nerve impulse flow in the dopamine neurons by
      treatment with gammabutyrolactone, the selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist B
      HT 920 reduced the DOPA accumulation after DOPA decarboxylase inhibition and the
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration in the corpus striatum, the nucleus
      accumbens, the olfactory tubercle, the limbic cortex and the rostral part of the
      cerebral cortex of rats. The effects were completely inhibited by the dopamine
      receptor antagonist haloperidol, indicating that they were caused by stimulation
      of dopamine autoreceptors. In the caudal part of the cerebral cortex and the
      cerebellum, B-HT 920 somewhat reduced the concentration of dihydroxyphenylacetic
      acid via a haloperidol-sensitive mechanism, suggesting that there are a few
      dopamine neurons with autoreceptors in these regions. No evidence was obtained
      for the presence of autoreceptors on the dopamine neurons in the hypothalamus.
      The gammabutyrolactone-induced elevation of the dopamine concentration was not
      reduced by B-HT 920 in any region, suggesting that this effect of
      gammabutyrolactone was caused by decreased release rather than increased
      synthesis of dopamine under our experimental circumstances.

PMID- 6420515
TI  - Involvement of adrenergic receptor mechanisms within hypothalamus in the fever
      induced by amphetamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat.
AB  - The mechanisms underlying the thermal effects induced by intrahypothalamic
      administration of either d-amphetamine or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has
      been investigated in conscious rats. Direct administration of d-amphetamine (1-10
      micrograms in 1 microliter) or TRH (1-4 micrograms in 1 microliter) into the
      preoptic anterior hypothalamus caused hyperthermia or fever at the ambient
      temperature (Ta: 8, 22 and 30 degrees C) studied. The fever induced by d
      amphetamine or TRH was due to increased metabolic heat production at Ta 8 degrees
      C, while at Ta 30 degrees C the fever was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction in
      the rat. At Ta 22 degrees C, the fever was due to both increased metabolism and
      cutaneous vasoconstriction. Furthermore, the fever induced by intrahypothalamic
      administration of TRH was greatly reduced by pretreatment with intrahypothalamic
      administration of either yohimbine (a blocking agent of alpha-adrenergic
      receptors), phentolamine (a blocking agent of alpha-adrenergic receptors) or DL
      propranolol (a blocking agent of beta-adrenergic receptors) in the rat. However,
      the fever induced by d-amphetamine was antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine
      or phentolamine, but not with DL-propranolol in the rat. These observations
      indicate that the adrenergic receptor mechanisms within the hypothalamus are
      involved in the fever induced by both d-amphetamine and TRH.

PMID- 6420516
TI  - Changes in dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in human
      cerebrospinal fluid after L-dopa and deprenyl administration.
AB  - The dopamine (DA) and DOPAC levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      using a radioenzymatic method. The influence of a specific monoamine oxidase B
      inhibitor (deprenyl) on changes in DA and DOPAC levels was studied in untreated
      patients or after L-dopa administration. A single dose of deprenyl alone did not
      change the CSF DA and DOPAC levels, a three days' treatment, however, decreased
      both the DOPAC and DA concentrations. The acute administration of L-dopa caused
      an increase in CSF DA and DOPAC levels. The changes were smaller following
      repeated treatment. Deprenyl diminished the increase in DOPAC level after
      repeated L-dopa administration.

PMID- 6420517
TI  - DL-3,4-threo-DOPS in Parkinson's disease: effects on orthostatic hypotension and
      dizziness.
AB  - Parkinsonian patients with orthostatic hypotension and dizziness due to usual
      antiparkinson therapy have been treated with the precursor amino-acid of
      noradrenaline, DL-3,4-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-3,4-threo-DOPS). Oral and
      intravenous administration improved these side effects significantly. A combined
      treatment of L-dopa, peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor and DL-3,4-threo-DOPS
      seems to be of benefit with respect to akinesia and orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 6420518
TI  - Carrier-mediated transport of chloride across the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - 36Cl concentrations in each of eight brain regions and in cisternal cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) were determined 30 min after the intravenous injection of 36Cl in
      dialyzed-nephrectomized rats with plasma Cl concentrations between 14 and 120
      mumol X ml-1. CSF 36Cl exceeded 36Cl concentrations in brain extracellular fluid.
      The calculated blood-to-brain transfer constants for Cl, kCl, ranged from 1.8 X
      10(-5) S-1 at the parietal cortex to 3.8 X 10(-5) S-1 at the thalamus
      hypothalamus. kCl fell by 42-62% when mean plasma [Cl] was elevated from 16 to
      114 mumol X ml-1. Brain uptake of [14C]mannitol or of 22Na was independent of
      plasma [Cl], but 22Na influx into CSF fell when plasma [Cl] was reduced. Cl flux
      into brain and CSF could be represented by Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics,
      where, for the parietal cortex, Km = 43 mumol X ml-1 and Vmax = 2.5 X 10(-3)
      mumol X S-1 X g-1, and for CSF Km = 68 mumol X ml-1. At least 80% of 36Cl influx
      into the parietal cortex was calculated to occur at the cerebrovascular
      endothelium, whereas the remainder was derived from tracer that first entered
      CSF. The CSF contribution was greater at brain regions adjacent to cerebral
      ventricles. The results show that Cl transport at the cerebrovascular endothelium
      as well as at the choroid plexus epithelium is a saturable concentration
      dependent process, and that the CSF is a significant intermediate pathway for Cl
      passage from blood to brain.

PMID- 6420519
TI  - On the significance of giant somatosensory evoked potentials in cortical
      myoclonus.
AB  - Four patients with cortical myoclonus were studied. All had reflex muscle jerking
      and grossly enlarged somatosensory evoked responses (SEPs) following electrical
      stimulation of the digital nerves. In addition, three of the patients had
      spontaneous or action-induced myoclonus. Back-averaging the EEG from these
      spontaneous muscle jerks showed a large positive wave over the contralateral
      somatomotor cortex which preceded the jerk by about 20 ms. Administration of
      lisuride (0.1 mg iv) reduced the severity of the reflex and spontaneous
      myoclonus, but had no effect on, or increased the size of the SEP. Two of the
      patients also received 1 mg clonazepam iv. As with lisuride, the severity of
      myoclonic jerking was reduced although the size of the SEP was increased. It is
      concluded that the usual association between giant SEPs and reflex muscle jerking
      can be abolished by acute administration of lisuride and clonazepam in patients
      with cortical myoclonus.

PMID- 6420521
TI  - Cytofluorometric quantification of somatopetally transported FITC-labelled
      lectins: enhanced uptake of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin from the
      periphery in regenerating facial nerve.
AB  - Cytofluorometric quantification of the accumulation of somatopetally transported
      fluoroisothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Concanavalin
      A (Con A) were performed on sections of the mouse facial nucleus. The lectins
      were injected bilaterally in the snout region of six-week-old mice eleven days
      after one of the facial nerves had been crushed. Analysis of variance revealed a
      significantly higher uptake of both WGA and Con A in the regenerating than in the
      control nerve. WGA appeared to be taken up to a higher degree than Con A, both in
      normal and regenerating nerve. After application of the two lectins to the facial
      nerve immediately after injury, at the site of crushing, both WGA and Con A were
      taken up and transported to nerve cell bodies of the facial nucleus. The observed
      difference in uptake between WGA and Con A from injured axons was even more
      pronounced than that found in intact axons. No accumulation of fluorescent
      material was seen in the cell bodies of the facial nucleus after injection of
      four other lectins (dolichos biflorus agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, ulex
      europeus 1 agglutinin, soybean agglutinin) either into the snout or the area of
      the nerve crush.

PMID- 6420520
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on cerebral blood flow, carbon dioxide reactivity and the
      response to epoprostenol (prostacyclin) infusion in man.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been measured using a non-invasive Xenon133
      clearance technique in six normal subjects after 2 days pretreatment with oral
      indomethacin at a dose of 100 mg/day. The results were compared with placebo
      given in a double blind balanced cross-over design. Indomethacin was found to
      result in a reduction in resting CBF of about 25% but the reactivity of the
      cerebrovascular circulation to carbon dioxide was preserved at normal levels.
      Infusions of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) at a dose of 5 ng/kg/min resulted
      in a reduction of CBF of about 10% after placebo but no significant change in CBF
      after indomethacin. The results suggest that prostaglandins are involved in the
      maintenance of cerebrovascular tone but not in the mechanism of cerebral
      vasodilation accompanying hypercapnia. The combination of indomethacin and PGI2
      has been proposed as a treatment of cerebral artery spasm and the findings
      suggest that the combination therapy would not be accompanied by undesirable
      intracerebral steal.

PMID- 6420522
TI  - Cobalt-coupled neurons of a giant fibre system in Diptera.
AB  - Certain intact nerve cells in flies can be filled with cobalt from presynaptic or
      postsynaptic neurons. This cobalt coupling is best demonstrated in giant fibre
      systems where the phenomenon was originally termed 'transsynaptic staining'. Fine
      structural analysis of silver-intensified, cobalt-coupled neurons indicates that
      the passage of cobalt ions occurs at gap junctions that are accompanied by
      conventional chemical synapses. Cobalt-coupled systems in dipterous insects are
      uniquely identifiable and can always be detected between the same kinds of
      neurons. The visualization of cobalt-coupled neurons allows the identification of
      functional pathways linking the brain to motor neuropils.

PMID- 6420523
TI  - Acoustic neurinomas: clinical and radiologic correlations.

PMID- 6420524
TI  - Effects of metoclopramide and TRH on prolactin release in women with breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6420525
TI  - Protein dynamics during refeeding of protein-depleted rats: effects of increasing
      amino acid intake by TPN or enteral continuous feeding.
AB  - The effect of increasing nitrogen intake with constant calorie supply was studied
      in protein-depleted rats. Animals were randomized into three paired groups to
      receive either total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or enteral (EF) isocaloric
      feedings (240 kcal X kg-1 X day-1) differing only in their amount of amino acids.
      The diets, composed of dextrose, a safflower oil emulsion and crystalline amino
      acids, were infused continuously for 5 days. Daily nitrogen intakes were for
      controls (EF, n = 7; TPN, n = 6) 0.25 g/kg; for groups 1 (EF, n = 7; TPN, n = 8)
      1.4 g/kg and for groups 2 (EF, n = 7; TPN, n = 7) 2.5 g/kg. The rats in groups 1
      and 2 obtained significant protein repletion in terms of body weight, nitrogen
      retention, liver protein and serum albumin regardless of the route of nutrient
      delivery. However, rats in groups 2 (higher nitrogen intake) presented a more
      rapid and greater recovery despite a reduction in nitrogen utilization. Whole
      body leucine kinetics studied at the end of controlled feeding periods were
      similar for EF and TPN rats. However, increasing nitrogen intake (1 and 2)
      increased whole-body leucine flux and incorporation into protein resulting in a
      better balance, since leucine release from protein breakdown was comparable to
      controls. Liver protein fractional synthetic rates were reduced in EF while
      remaining at a high rate in TPN group 2 and still more elevated in TPN group 1,
      suggesting a preferential support of liver protein by enteral feeding or the
      effect of TPN as a non-physiologic route.

PMID- 6420526
TI  - Intestinal absorption of dinitrophenyl-lysine and effect of immunization with
      dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin.
AB  - The intestinal absorption of dinitrophenyl-lysine (DNP-lys) was studied with a
      special interest on the role of the immune system in the absorption of small
      molecules which are recognized as nonself. [3H]-DNP-lys was rapidly absorbed by
      ligated intestinal loops in situ via a saturable and unique route. When [3H]-DNP
      lys was preincubated with the immune serum obtained from rats immunized with
      dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA), the [3H]-DNP-lys absorption was
      depressed. The absorption of [3H]-DNP-lys in DNP-BSA-immunized rats was depressed
      compared to the control. The results obtained suggest that the immune system play
      a role in avoiding the absorption of small molecules with antigenicity.

PMID- 6420527
TI  - Corporate smoking policies: a review and an analysis.

PMID- 6420528
TI  - A comparative economic analysis of work-related hypertension care programs.
AB  - Cost of care and blood pressure control achieved were examined for individuals
      enrolled in two worksite hypertension control programs. In the first program,
      care was provided in a community-based setting by private physicians (model I
      CBC); in the second program care was rendered by nurses under the supervision of
      a physician in work-based clinics (model II-WBC). In both situations, however,
      identification of employees with hypertension was effected through screening at
      the worksite. After adjustment for differences in labor market costs, annual
      average costs per client were found to be comparable for both programs. Blood
      pressure control (less than 160/95 mm Hg) was greater in model II-WBC than in
      model I-CBC. The average cost per unit of blood pressure reduction achieved by
      model II-WBC was +8.25 compared with +28.84 for model I-CBC, indicating a greater
      cost-effectiveness for worksite care programs.

PMID- 6420529
TI  - Testicular and epididymal involvement in Fabry's disease.
AB  - Autopsy specimens of the testes and epididymis of a 32-year-old male with Fabry's
      disease were studied by light and electron microscopy. The characteristic
      ceramide deposits (lamellar inclusions, myeloid-bodies, zebra-bodies) were found
      in the Leydig cells as well as in the epithelial lining of both the ductuli
      efferentes and the ductus of the epididymis. Similar myeloid-bodies were observed
      in the blood vessels, connective tissue cells and muscle cells of the testicular
      interstitium, tunica albuginea and epididymis. In contrast, myeloid-bodies were
      absent or scarce in both the seminiferous epithelium and the mediastinum testis.
      However, the seminiferous tubules were severely affected showing reduced
      diameter, thickening of the tunica propria, and a few degenerated spermatogonia
      and primary spermatocytes. The different degrees of involvement of the testicular
      structures might be related to their different functions, the absorptive and
      permeable structures being the most severely affected. The development of
      testicular alterations seems to have been slow, since the patient fathered three
      children.

PMID- 6420530
TI  - Pseudomonas cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis: an emerging problem.
AB  - The prevalence of Pseudomonas cepacia infection increased from 10% in 1971 to 18%
      by 1981 in a population of approximately 500 patients with cystic fibrosis.
      Carriage of P. aeruginosa has remained unchanged at 70% to 80% over the same
      period. Patients infected with P. cepacia have greater impairment of pulmonary
      function than those with P. aeruginosa. A syndrome characterized by high fever,
      severe progressive respiratory failure, leukocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate has occurred in eight patients over the past 3 years, with a
      62% fatality rate. Because P. cepacia strains are uniformly resistant to
      ticarcillin, piperacillin, and aminoglycosides, and because ceftazidime is
      ineffective despite in vitro activity, treatment of these infections is very
      difficult. Prevention of acquisition and effective treatment of P. cepacia in
      patients with cystic fibrosis are now major clinical problems in our clinic.

PMID- 6420531
TI  - Congenital ascites as a presenting sign of lysosomal storage disease.
AB  - Neonatal ascites is usually attributed to hematologic, genitourinary,
      gastrointestinal tract, or congenital heart disease. When these lesions have been
      excluded, metabolic storage disorders should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis. We report eight cases of neonatal ascites associated with different
      types of lysosomal storage disease: infantile sialidosis, Salla disease, GM1
      gangliosidosis, and Gaucher disease. In each case there was a history of sibling
      of perinatal death resulting from the disease. In three cases the diagnosis of
      ascites was made in utero by ultrasound examination. These diseases are
      characterized by excretion in the fetal urine of abnormal catabolic products or
      by measurement of decreased activity of specific lysosomal hydrolases in cultured
      amniocytes. Thin-layer chromatography of the oligosaccharides in amniotic fluid
      may be indicated when a diagnosis of persistent fetal ascites has been
      established.

PMID- 6420532
TI  - Sodium valproate re epilepsy.

PMID- 6420533
TI  - Glycogen storage disease research and clinical problems: a reappraisal.

PMID- 6420534
TI  - Intestinal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in giardiasis.
AB  - We report results on determinations of small intestinal brush-border enzyme
      activities in 22 children (aged 11 months to 14 years) with giardiasis. In
      particular, activities of disaccharidases (lactase, sucrase, maltase) and of
      alkaline phosphatase were investigated. Forty-one percent of the patients,
      irrespective of age, had a demonstrable depression of disaccharidase activities,
      usually in a combination involving two or more enzymes. A depression of
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was present in 33% of patients, and only
      in those who demonstrated disaccharidase deficiencies. Mild villus atrophy was
      present in two mucosal specimens, whereas all others showed normal villus
      morphology by light microscopy. The results obtained in this study suggest that
      giardiasis in otherwise healthy children does not cause marked structural damage
      to the small bowel mucosa, as seen by the light microscope. However, some form of
      damage to the brush border does occur frequently, as evidenced by a depression of
      brush-border enzymes. This damage most likely contributes to the diarrhea and
      also to the carbohydrate intolerance in these patients.

PMID- 6420535
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in bone marrow transplantation: a clinical evaluation.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is associated with severe metabolic stress
      secondary to anorexia, mucositis, enteritis, and infection. We compared
      nutritional parameters and clinical outcomes of 22 patients who received
      prophylactic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to those of 22 controls, matched
      for age and diagnosis, who received nutritional support ad libitum. Over the 5
      week study period, the TPN group averaged caloric intakes greater than 1.5 X
      basal energy expediture (BEE) per day and gained 2.5% of body weight; the control
      group averaged less than 0.9 X BEE and lost 3.7% of body weight. Visceral protein
      status as reflected by serum albumin was not different. Engraftment of donor
      marrow cells was 3 days earlier (p less than 0.01) in the TPN group than in the
      controls, despite there being no significant difference in the number of marrow
      cells each group received. There was no difference in the two groups' clinical
      outcomes; mortality, duration of hospital stay, and incidences of sepsis, graft
      versus-host disease, and return of malignancy were equivalent. Thus, patients who
      received prophylactic TPN engrafted sooner than patients who did not; however,
      overall clinical outcome was unaffected by TPN. Controlled studies of
      prophylactic TPN are indicated for the BMT patient population.

PMID- 6420536
TI  - The quantitative transperitoneal absorption of a fat emulsion: implications for
      intraperitoneal nutrition.
AB  - Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of nutrients would be an attractive
      alternative to intravenous nutrition since it eliminates intravascular
      complications. If glucose alone were used as the nonprotein calorie source,
      associated fluid shifts might not be well tolerated by the patient. A fat
      emulsion does not have osmotic properties and thus might be incorporated into a
      program of IP nutrition as a calorie source. Transperitoneal absorption of a
      commercial fat emulsion (Liposyn 10%, Abbott Laboratories, N Chicago, IL) was
      studied in 12 beagle puppies divided into two groups. One group received 2.5
      gm/kg of fat and the other group received a similar volume of 3.5% crystalline
      amino acids and 5% glucose in one IP dose. In the first group, the serum
      triglyceride (TG) increased three fold from 61 +/- 25 mg% to 185 +/- 61 mg% at 15
      minutes and then decreased slowly while remaining significantly elevated (p less
      than 0.05) at 4 hours. 1.94 +/- 0.20 gm/kg of TG were absorbed from the
      peritoneal cavity over 4 hours. Concommitant IP administration of amino acids and
      glucose did not affect that absorption. Radiolabeled amino acids and glucose
      instilled IP were demonstrated in the blood immediately after administration and
      their absorption was not affected by the presence of a fat emulsion. Plasma free
      fatty acids showed a small increase at 4 hours (from 0.32 +/- 0.09 mEq/L to 0.59
      +/- 0.22 mEq/L). Animals receiving no IP fat showed no change in serum TG. Serum
      glucose rose in both groups and serum cholesterol showed no changes in either
      group. Peritoneal fluid accumulation 4 hours after IP fat administration was
      minimal at 12.7 +/- 6.4 mL/kg. This study shows that a fat emulsion can be
      quantitatively absorbed from the peritoneal cavity over four hours and that IP
      nutrition may be feasible.

PMID- 6420537
TI  - The intercostal vein: an alternate route for central venous alimentation.
AB  - During the course of parenteral nutrition in infants, access to the central
      venous system may become limited due to thrombotic occlusion of the superior and
      inferior caval venous systems. When this problem arises, central venous access
      via the intercostal vein into the azygos system can provide a safe, relatively
      easy solution. A new technique utilizing this approach has been developed at our
      institution using silicone elastomer tubing joined with a Broviac catheter for
      long-term use. Thus far, six catheters have successfully been inserted with a
      mean duration of 52 days; one catheter was in place for as long as 110 days.

PMID- 6420538
TI  - Effects of preservatives, steroids, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate on the
      antimicrobial activity of sulfacetamide.
AB  - The effect of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), steroids, and preservatives on
      the antimicrobial activity of 10% sodium sulfacetamide solutions was evaluated in
      this study by kill rate and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using five
      representative microorganisms. The results indicate that thimerosal-preserved
      sulfacetamide solutions containing EDTA are more effective against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans
      than similar paraben-preserved solutions. Furthermore, the addition of EDTA
      improves the kill rate, but not the MIC, for the Pseudomonas, Serratia, and
      Candida species regardless of the preservative. The combination of a steroid with
      sulfacetamide does not affect its antimicrobial activity.

PMID- 6420539
TI  - Buccal absorption of protirelin: an effective way to stimulate thyrotropin and
      prolactin.

PMID- 6420540
TI  - Remarks on the structure-activity relationship of silver sulfanilamides.
AB  - The biological activity of a series of 10 silver sulfanilamides is studied in
      relation to the physical parameters pK alpha, log K, and the aqueous solubility.
      None of the parameters demonstrate a simple relationship with the activity. A
      discussion of the significance of log K and the solubility in relation to the
      activity is given.

PMID- 6420541
TI  - Influence of renal lipoxygenase activity on the renal vascular response to
      arachidonic acid.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to clarify the effects of close arterial injections of
      arachidonic acid (AA) on renal blood flow in anesthetized dogs. In some dogs,
      injection of 4 mg of AA into the renal artery produces only renal vasodilation,
      whereas in other dogs similar injections lead to biphasic responses in which
      vasodilation is preceded by transient vasoconstriction. In the present
      experiments the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen blocked vasodilator responses,
      suggesting that these were mediated by conversion of the precursor to
      prostaglandins. However, ibuprofen did not block the constrictor phase of the
      response in those animals that exhibited biphasic responses, suggesting that this
      phase was not mediated by prostaglandins. Administration of agents that inhibit
      lipoxygenase and cytochrome P-450 enzymes blocked the constrictor phase,
      suggesting that this portion of the responses was associated with conversion of
      the precursor to hydroxylated eicosanoids. An additional observation from these
      studies was that the frequency of occurrence of biphasic responses to intrarenal
      AA injections in water-deprived dogs was significantly greater than that found in
      non-water-deprived dogs, suggesting a connection between hydration state and the
      activity of nonprostaglandin pathways for AA metabolism in the canine kidney.

PMID- 6420542
TI  - Effect of encainide and its two major metabolites on cardiac conduction.
AB  - The effect of encainide and its two major metabolites, O-demethylated encainide
      (MJ 9444) and 3-O-methoxy encainide (MJ 14030), on cardiac conduction was studied
      by recording His bundle potentials in isolated perfused rabbit hearts and
      Purkinje and muscle conduction in vivo in dog hearts after destruction of the
      atrioventricular node. Both metabolites are 4 to 15 times more potent than
      encainide in slowing conduction through the atria, the AV-node and the His
      Purkinje system of the rabbit heart. They did not differ from each other in
      potency but MJ 9444 increased the duration and decreased the height of the
      ventricular potential whereas MJ 14030 had no effect at doses which caused
      conduction block. In the dog, encainide (0.8-3.2 mg/kg i.v.) slowed conduction of
      extrasystoles in both Purkinje and muscle at all coupling intervals, increased
      the effective refractory period and the functional refractory period of the
      Purkinje pathway. MJ 9444 (0.05-0.4 mg/kg) speeded Purkinje conduction of early
      (less than 300 msec) without affecting or while slowing conduction of late
      (greater than 350 msec) extrasystoles. Higher doses (0.4-1.6 mg/kg) slowed
      conduction at all intervals. The effective refractory period and the functional
      refractory period were decreased but in some cases returned to control values at
      the higher doses. Muscle conduction was slowed at doses of 0.4 mg/kg or more. MJ
      14030 (0.05-3.2 mg/kg) had variable effects, behaving like MJ 9444 in three
      experiments but like the parent compound in two others. Only slowing of
      conduction was seen with the three drugs when heart rate was changed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420543
TI  - Blood vessel uptake and metabolism of organic nitrates in the rat.
AB  - Recent reports have suggested that the unusual pharmacokinetics observed for
      nitroglycerin (NTG) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) may be partially explained by
      extensive uptake and/or metabolism of these drugs by vascular and other
      extrahepatic tissues. Using the rat as an animal model, this hypothesis was
      examined by in vivo intravessel NTG and [14C]ISDN infusion and injection into
      various vessel segments, viz. the femoral vein, inferior vena cava [IVC: lower,
      middle and upper) and the aorta. NTG and [14C]ISDN concentrations were determined
      in these blood vessels and in plasma. Blood vessel segments nearest the input
      site had the greatest amounts of nitrate, whereas segments further away from the
      input site had progressively less nitrate, with the exception of aorta, which
      appeared to take up NTG less extensively, on a per weight of vessel basis, than
      the IVC. Blood vessel NTG concentrations (nanogram per gram) were generally
      higher (10-fold) and declined about twice as slowly as NTG plasma concentrations
      (nanograms per milliliter). [14C]NTG and [14C]ISDN were also incubated with
      cofactors in IVC, aorta, abdominal muscle, lung and liver. The amounts of nitrate
      metabolites formed from parent drug were larger in each extrahepatic tissue
      incubation than in the controls (P less than .05). The results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that vascular and other extrahepatic tissues can take up
      and/or metabolize organic nitrates. The data appear to provide a partial
      explanation for the large systemic clearance seen with nitrates and appear
      consistent with existing mechanistic hypotheses for the vascular action of these
      compounds.

PMID- 6420544
TI  - Role of leukocytes in acute myocardial infarction in anesthetized dogs:
      relationship to myocardial salvage by anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - The invasion of leukocytes into and around a myocardial infarct was studied in
      chloralose-anesthetized dogs subjected to 1-hr occlusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery and reperfused for periods up to 5 hr.
      Polymorphonuclear leukocytes adhering to the endothelium of blood vessels within
      the ischemic area are evident at the end of the occlusion period. During
      reperfusion, the leukocytes migrate into the myocardium and large groups of cells
      can be observed "streaming" toward the irreversibly damaged area after 5 hr
      reperfusion. Infarcted tissue produces 10 times more 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid (a metabolite attributed to the invading leukocytes) from arachidonic acid
      than adjacent "normal" areas of the ventricle. BW755C (10 mg/kg-1 i.v.), which
      inhibits both the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonic
      metabolism, attenuates leukocyte infiltration into the infarcted myocardium,
      prevents 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formation and significantly reduces
      infarct size (P less than .005). BW755C also significantly diminishes the
      incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during infarction. In animals where circulating
      white cells are reduced 60% by treatment with hydroxyurea (20 mg/kg-1 i.v./day
      for 5 days), there is also a smaller infarct (P less than .01). Indomethacin (5
      mg/kg-1 i.v.) and dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg-1 i.v.), which do not affect leukocyte
      migration into the ischemic myocardium, do not reduce infarct size. It is
      proposed that migrating leukocytes contribute to the tissue injury accompanying
      myocardial ischemia, possibly by the release of proinflammatory mediators such as
      lipoxygenase products, free radicals (oxygen metabolites) and hydrolytic enzymes.
      Drugs which reduce the migration and/or activation of leukocytes may be useful in
      reducing infarct size.

PMID- 6420545
TI  - The effect of circulatory occlusion on the glycogen phosphorylase-synthetase
      system in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effect of circulatory occlusion upon the glycogen phosphorylase-synthetase
      system in intact human muscle at rest has been investigated using the needle
      biopsy technique. The fraction of phosphorylase in the a form was 26% before
      occlusion and decreased to 9% after 40 min of occlusion. Synthetase I activity
      was unchanged during occlusion. After 40 min of occlusion the content of
      phosphocreatine was decreased by 40%, with a corresponding increase in creatine
      and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The observed glycogenolytic rate increased during
      occlusion up to 0.8 mmol glycosyl units kg-1 dry muscle min-1. An intracellular
      Pi concentration at rest of 2.0 mmol l-1 was calculated from the activities of
      phosphorylase a and synthetase I assuming that under these conditions they are
      equal. It is concluded that the glycogenolytic rate during occlusion is a
      function of both the fraction of phosphorylase in the a form and the availability
      of Pi at the active site of the enzyme.

PMID- 6420546
TI  - The intracellular pH of frog skeletal muscle: its regulation in isotonic
      solutions.
AB  - The behaviour of intracellular pH (pHi) was studied with micro-electrodes in frog
      semitendinosus muscle which was superfused with Ringer solution and with
      depolarizing solutions. The electrodes were introduced into the depolarized
      muscle about 40 min after contracture had subsided. All studies were done at
      external pH (pHo) of 7.35 and at 22 degrees C. The pHi in normal Ringer solution
      buffered with HEPES was 7.18 +/- 0.03 (S.E. of mean) (n = 10); the membrane
      potential, Vm, was -88 +/- 1.8 mV. When pHi was lowered to about 6.8 by replacing
      the HEPES by 5% CO2, 24 mM-HCO3 (constant pHo), it recovered at a very slow rate
      of 0.025 +/- 0.011 delta pHi h-1 (n = 6). When all the Na was replaced by N
      methyl-D-glucamine (initial pHi 7.20 +/- 0.04, initial Vm -89 +/- 1.5 mV, n = 8),
      this slow alkalinization was converted into a slow acidification at a rate of
      0.069 +/- 0.024 delta pHi h-1. In muscle depolarized in 15 mM-K (Vm approximately
      -50 mV), the rate of recovery from CO2 acidification was not increased above that
      in normal Ringer solution (2.5 mM-K). When, however, the muscle was depolarized
      in 50 mM-K to about -20 mV, the rate of recovery increased to 0.33 +/- 0.07 delta
      pHi h-1 (n = 6) when external Cl was kept constant, or to 0.21 +/- 0.03 (n = 9)
      when [K]. [Cl] product was kept constant. In the absence of Na, pHi recovery rate
      in 50 mM-K was reduced by at least 90%. Enhanced recovery from CO2-induced
      acidification was also observed in 2.5 mM-K when the fibres were depolarized to
      about -20 mV in one of two ways: (a) by previous exposure for 60 min to 50 mM-K
      at constant Cl, or (b) by reduction of external Cl to 5.9 mM in the presence of
      0.5 mM-Ba. When pHi of depolarized fibres (50 mM-K) was lowered to about 6.8 by
      the weak acid dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO), it recovered at a rate of 0.12
      delta pHi h-1 in two experiments. In fibres depolarized in 50 mM-K and constant
      Cl, either 0.1 mM-SITS or 0.5 mM-amiloride slowed pHi recovery from CO2 exposure
      by about 50%. When the depolarization was achieved at constant [K]. [Cl] product,
      amiloride slowed pHi recovery by about 50%, while SITS had, at most, only a
      slight effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6420547
TI  - The intracellular pH of frog skeletal muscle: its regulation in hypertonic
      solutions.
AB  - Intracellular pH (pHi) was followed with micro-electrodes in frog semitendinosus
      muscle, superfused at 22 degrees C with hypertonic solutions (external pH, pHo,
      7.35) containing 2.5, 15 or 50 mM-K. Tonicity was doubled by addition of 250 mM
      mannitol or, in a few cases, 125 mM-extra NaCl. Tripling of tonicity was
      accomplished by adding 500 mM-mannitol. Because of the ability of hypertonicity
      to minimize contracture, the course of pHi could be followed from the start of
      depolarization. The pHi of fibres after about 40 min in Ringer solution (2.5 mM
      K, HEPES buffer) of twice normal tonicity was 7.40 +/- 0.04 (S.E. of mean) (n =
      17), about 0.2 higher than at normal tonicity. The membrane potential, Vm, was 
      87.7 +/- 1.3 mV. When the muscle was depolarized in 50 mM-K to about -30 mV, the
      pHi rapidly fell by 0.3-0.5 unit (n = 9), and then promptly returned. This
      recovery was followed by a much slower and progressive rise to above control.
      Removing Na from the medium did not affect the degree of acidification, but the
      pHi recovered at a slightly slower rate, did not reach control value and showed
      no progressive rise. A less pronounced transient acidification was also observed
      when the muscle was depolarized in 15 mM-K to about -60 mV. When contracture was
      prevented either by 1-2 mM-tetracaine under isotonic conditions or by raising
      tonicity 3-fold, 50 mM-K produced no transient acidification. When the pHi of
      resting fibres in Ringer solution (2.5 mM-K) of twice normal tonicity was reduced
      by 5% CO2 from 7.40 to 7.12 +/- 0.07 (n = 3), it recovered at a slow rate (0.06
      +/- 0.03 delta pHi h-1). Depolarization by 15 or 50 mM-K enhanced recovery rate 4
      6-fold. These solutions of twice normal tonicity, as compared to those of normal
      tonicity, shifted the curve relating pHi recovery rate and membrane potential
      along the potential axis in the direction of hyperpolarization. This shift may be
      due to increased ionic shielding of fixed negative charges at the inner membrane
      surface. At twice normal tonicity, the very slow pHi recovery of resting fibres
      from CO2-induced acidification, as well as the more rapid recovery in depolarized
      fibres, could be abolished by 1 mM-amiloride or by removing Na. The application
      of amiloride during pHi recovery in 50 mM-K was not associated with an observable
      change in Vm. SITS had no significant effect on recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6420548
TI  - Ionic currents of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina.
AB  - Solitary horizontal cells, dissociated from papain-treated goldfish retinas,
      produce action potentials and show a non-linear current-voltage relationship.
      Underlying ion-conductance mechanisms were analysed by a single-micro-electrode
      voltage-clamp technique. Pharmacological and ion-substitution experiments
      revealed that ionic currents could be separated into at least four voltage
      dependent currents: a Ca current and three types of K currents. The Ca current
      was activated by membrane depolarization beyond -45 mV, reached a maximal value
      near 0 mV, and became smaller at more positive potentials. By extrapolation, the
      reversal potential was estimated to be approximately +50 mV. The Ca current was
      inactivated by accumulation of intracellular Ca ions but not by membrane
      depolarization. Co ions (4mM) blocked this current. The first type of K current
      showed anomalous (inward-going) rectification near the resting potential
      (congruent to -60 mV). Hyperpolarization from the resting level produced a large,
      almost steady inward current, while depolarization evoked only a small, steady
      outward current. The current-voltage relationship revealed a shallow negative
      resistance region at membrane potentials beyond -50 mV. The current was blocked
      by Cs (10 mM) or Ba (1 mM) ions. The second type of K current (the transient
      outward current) was activated by membrane depolarization beyond -25 mV. The peak
      amplitude increased almost exponentially as the membrane was depolarized. During
      steady depolarization this current decayed exponentially (time constant congruent
      to 500 ms at +20 mV). The current was inactivated by conditioning depolarization
      (greater than 10 s) beyond -30 mV and blocked by 4-aminopyridine (10 mM). The
      third type of K current was the maintained outward current which was activated by
      membrane depolarization beyond -20 mV, increased to a steady level in a few
      hundred milliseconds, and showed little inactivation. The amplitude increased as
      the membrane was depolarized. The current was blocked by tetraethylammonium ions
      (20 mM). A Ca-mediated K current was not detected. Action potentials and the non
      linear current-voltage relationship of solitary horizontal cells can be explained
      qualitatively by the combination of the four ionic currents.

PMID- 6420549
TI  - Inactivation of calcium conductance characterized by tail current measurements in
      neurones of Aplysia californica.
AB  - Calcium tail currents, recorded at -40 mV after repolarization from 7 or 10 ms
      voltage-clamp depolarizations in axotomized Aplysia neurones in the presence of
      tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium, were used to investigate the inactivation of
      the calcium conductance without interference from contaminating potassium
      currents. Prior depolarization with a prepulse (V1) resulted in a reduction in
      size of the tail currents recorded following the test pulse (V2). The reduction
      occurred in both the fast (tau 1 less than 0.4 ms) and slow (tau 2 approximately
      equal to 2.0 ms) components of the tail current. The degree of inactivation
      remained constant when tail currents were measured at potentials ranging up to 30
      mV on either side of the potassium equilibrium potential. Thus, any changes in
      potassium current must have contributed virtually nothing to the changes in tail
      current amplitude seen following presentation of the prepulse. Inactivation was
      greatest following prepulses to potentials (+10 to +40 mV) that produce maximal
      entry of calcium ions, and declined to about zero as the prepulse approached the
      calcium equilibrium potential. For V1 potentials above +50 mV, the prepulse
      caused an apparent short-term facilitation of V2 tail currents in EGTA-injected
      neurones. This effect, detected up to 50 ms following the pulse, is of uncertain
      origin. Pressure injection of calcium ions caused reduction in the size of the
      tail current, which was restored by subsequent injection of EGTA. Tail current
      amplitude was reduced by presentation of the prepulse for all test pulse
      voltages, but the measured inactivation declined exponentially towards a minimum
      with test pulses of increasingly positive potential. Removal of inactivation
      following a 200 ms prepulse was greatly accelerated by injection of EGTA. The
      EGTA-resistant inactivation remaining at short times decayed with a time constant
      of about 0.12 s. The relation of tail current reduction to prepulse voltage is
      consistent with the interpretation that the EGTA-resistant inactivation remaining
      at short times depends on entry of calcium ions during the prepulse, as does the
      EGTA-sensitive inactivation remaining at later times. It is proposed that the
      'EGTA-resistant' phase of inactivation results from loading of EGTA with calcium
      ions near the inner surface of the membrane during sustained calcium entry,
      allowing the intracellular calcium concentration to rise. The results provide
      further evidence for a calcium-mediated inactivation of the calcium
      conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6420550
TI  - The effect of cimetidine on pepsin secretion in patients with Zollinger Ellison
      syndrome.

PMID- 6420551
TI  - Plasma LH and FSH concentrations in prepubertal beef heifers before and in
      response to repeated injections of low doses of Gn-RH.
AB  - Blood samples were taken at 15-min intervals from prepubertal beef heifers, 6
      aged 4 months and 6 aged 10 months, to determine plasma LH and FSH
      concentrations. Two animals of each age group were then subjected to 9
      consecutive injections of 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 micrograms Gn-RH at 2-h intervals. LH
      episodes were evident in all animals before treatment, and in 11/12 heifers
      occurred at a rate of between 1 and 4 per 24 h. One 10-month old heifer, later
      detected in oestrus, displayed 10 episodes/24 h. Mean FSH concentrations did not
      differ significantly between age groups. In all animals, Gn-RH injections induced
      an episodic pattern of LH secretion which was significantly different between Gn
      RH doses, but not between age groups. A distinct episode-like response in FSH
      concentrations occurred to each Gn-RH injection in only one heifer. These results
      provide further evidence that the prepubertal period is associated with a lack of
      pituitary stimulation, rather than an inability to respond to Gn-RH.

PMID- 6420552
TI  - Histochemical evaluation of sodium aurothiomalate inhibition of mouse sperm
      enzymes.
AB  - Histochemical procedures for the mouse sperm enzymes hyaluronidase, esterase and
      acrosin were used to test the inhibitory effects of the low molecular weight
      hyaluronidase inhibitor sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin): hyaluronidase and
      esterase, but not acrosin, were inhibited. These enzymes were also inhibited in
      testis homogenates when assayed spectrophotometrically. These results suggest
      that the antifertility effects of sodium aurothiomalate may be due to the
      inhibition of several sperm enzymes including both hyaluronidase and esterase.
      These histochemical assays may be useful for in-vivo detection of chemicals that
      affect male fertility.

PMID- 6420553
TI  - Plasma gonadotrophin concentrations during the oestrous cycle and after
      ovariectomy in two breeds of sheep with low and high fecundity.
AB  - LH and FSH concentrations were measured during the oestrous cycle in two local
      Moroccan breeds of sheep with low (Timahdite: 1 CL/cycle) and high (D'man: 3
      CL/cycle) ovulation rates. Twenty ewes were used from each breed and blood was
      collected at 3- or 6-h intervals from 5-4 days before oestrus up to Day 14 of the
      new cycle, when 4 D'man and 4 Timahdite ewes were ovariectomized. After surgery,
      blood sampling was continued at 6-h intervals for 2 weeks. (1) The mean basal
      concentration of LH, the maximum value of the preovulatory LH surge and the area
      under the curve were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in Timahdite than in
      D'man ewes. (2) The pattern of FSH in each breed showed no clear basal level but
      a periodic succession of peaks with variable amplitudes. The first and highest
      peak corresponded with the preovulatory LH surge. The 2nd peak followed
      immediately after the first peak and reached its maximum 24-30 h later. The 3rd
      peak was flatter and occurred around Day 6 of the cycle. The 4th peak was
      observed around Day 10 of the cycle and showed the lowest amplitude. The 5th and
      last peak occurred 66-87 h before the next preovulatory surge. (3) FSH
      concentrations were higher in the prolific D'man than in Timahdite ewes around
      the time of oestrus (pro-oestrous peak, preovulatory surge and the 2nd peak). The
      drop in FSH concentrations observed in D'man ewes before the preovulatory surge
      was more pronounced and started later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420554
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase activity of the reproductive tract tissues of aged male fowls
      and its relationship to semen production.
AB  - A significant positive correlation was found between the carbonic anhydrase
      activity of the testes or ductus deferens and the volume of semen, spermatozoa or
      seminal plasma per collection. No relationship was found between the carbonic
      anhydrase activity of tissue from the epididymal region and semen production. The
      intramuscular injection of greater than 25 mg acetazolamide/kg body weight, a
      known carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, significantly reduced the carbonic anhydrase
      activity in the testes, epididymides and ductus deferens. As the dose was
      increased, the carbonic anhydrase activity of the reproductive tract tissues
      decreased in a linear manner. The reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity was
      associated with significantly lower volumes of semen, spermatozoa and seminal
      plasma per collection.

PMID- 6420555
TI  - Acrosin activity of canine spermatozoa as an index of cellular damage.
AB  - Eight experiments were performed to validate an extraction technique for canine
      acrosin and to quantitate the acrosin activity of fresh and frozen-thawed
      spermatozoa. Acrosin activity from fresh spermatozoa differed amongst dogs and
      was influenced by the interval since previous ejaculation. Freezing and thawing
      spermatozoa induced a loss of acrosin activity that differed with the extender in
      which the spermatozoa were frozen. The assay of acrosin activity, in conjunction
      with motility estimates, provides a more complete evaluation of the efficacy of
      seminal extenders in attenuating freezing injury than do motility estimates
      alone.

PMID- 6420556
TI  - Changes in gonadotrophin secretion and ovarian antral follicular activity in
      seasonally breeding sheep throughout the year.
AB  - Overall, significantly more antral follicles greater than or equal to 1 mm
      diameter were present in Romney ewes during anoestrus than in the breeding season
      (anoestrus, 35 +/- 3 (mean +/- s.e.m.) follicles per ewe, 23 sheep; Day 9-10 of
      oestrous cycle, 24 +/- 1 follicles per ewe, 22 sheep; P less than 0.01), although
      the mean numbers of preovulatory-sized follicles (greater than or equal to 5 mm
      diam.) were similar (anoestrus, 1.3 +/- 0.2 per ewe; oestrous cycle, 1.0 +/- 0.1
      per ewe). The ability of ovarian follicles to synthesize oestradiol did not
      differ between anoestrus and the breeding season as assessed from the levels of
      extant aromatase enzyme activity in granulosa cells and steroid concentrations in
      follicular fluid. Although the mean plasma concentration of LH did not differ
      between anoestrus and the luteal phase of the breeding season, the pattern of LH
      secretion differed markedly; on Day 9-10 of the oestrous cycle there were
      significantly more (P less than 0.001) high-amplitude LH peaks (i.e. greater than
      or equal to 1 ng/ml) in plasma and significantly fewer (P less than 0.001) low
      amplitude peaks (less than 1 ng/ml) than in anoestrous ewes. Moreover, the mean
      concentrations of FSH and prolactin were significantly lower during the luteal
      phase of the cycle than during anoestrus (FSH, P less than 0.05, prolactin, P
      less than 0.001). It is concluded that, in Romney ewes, the levels of antral
      follicular activity change throughout the year in synchrony with the circannual
      patterns of prolactin and day-length. Also, these data support the notion that
      anovulation during seasonal anoestrus is due to a reduced frequency of high
      amplitude LH discharges from the pituitary gland.

PMID- 6420557
TI  - Reduction of sperm transport in ewes by superovulation treatments.
AB  - Oestrus was synchronized in ewes by (a) withdrawal of an intravaginal progestagen
      sponge after 12 days or (b) injection of PGF-2 alpha on Day 11 of the oestrous
      cycle. In addition, ewes were treated with (a) no hormone, (b) 1500 i.u. PMSG 48
      h before sponge removal or PG injection, or (c) 24 mg porcine pituitary FSH in
      multiple injections commencing 48 h before sponge removal or PG injection, in a 2
      X 3 factorial design. Ewes were inseminated with 0.2 ml fresh undiluted semen
      into the neck of the cervix 48 h after sponge removal or PG injection. Normally
      cyclic ewes were similarly inseminated within 12 h of observed standing oestrus.
      At 24 h after insemination one uterine horn and one oviduct were flushed for
      recovery of spermatozoa and ova. When compared with naturally cyclic ewes, PG
      synchronization resulted in a marked reduction in the numbers of spermatozoa
      recovered (P less than 0.05), and sponge synchronization led to a small, non
      significant, reduction. Within the synchronized ewes, PMSG and FSH resulted in an
      equivalent superovulatory response, but there was a marked reduction in sperm
      recovery when compared with unstimulated animals (P less than 0.01), with the
      greatest reduction attributable to PMSG treatment. Spermatozoa were recovered
      from fewer ewes treated with PMSG than with FSH (P less than 0.05). Despite the
      observed impairment of sperm transport, a high fertilization rate was observed
      within each group and there were no differences between treatments.

PMID- 6420558
TI  - Subnormal 24-hour mean plasma LH concentration and elevated plasma FSH/LH ratio
      in obese premenopausal women. A possible human counterpart of the slow-GnRH
      pulsing model in primates.
AB  - The 24-hour mean plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured during the follicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle in 15 healthy, regularly cycling obese women (59-218% above
      desirable weight) and 9 healthy, regularly cycling nonobese women (14% below to
      14% above desirable weight). The obese women showed slightly but not
      significantly higher FSH values (12.5 vs. 9.6 mIU/ml), definitely and
      significantly lower LH values (11 vs. 17 mIU/ml; p less than 0.005) and markedly
      and very significantly higher FSH/LH ratios (1.2 vs. 0.62; p less than 0.0005).
      These abnormalities may represent a human counterpart of the slow-GnRH-pulsing
      model of primates: monkeys in which the GnRH secretory centers have been ablated
      and that receive GnRH infusions at subnormal pulsing rates show slightly elevated
      FSH levels, markedly decreased LH levels, greatly elevated FSH/LH ratios and
      anovulation.

PMID- 6420559
TI  - Vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis: what new bone, where and why?

PMID- 6420560
TI  - Synovial cell activation. Studies on the mechanism of action of synovial
      activator activity.
AB  - Synovial activator (SA) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulates the
      plasminogen activator (PA) levels of human synovial fibroblasts. Using the
      sensitive technique of transcriptional inhibition followed by a prolonged
      translation period, data suggested that the first synthesis of mRNA needed for
      the increase in PA activity began within 40-60 min; this increase in protease
      activity was reversible on removal of SA from the cultures and also declined
      after about 3 days even if SA was not withdrawn. The RNA dependent events
      necessary for the synovial cell activation were to a large extent completed by
      about 4-8 h while those dependent on protein synthesis lasted for about 12 h. The
      effectiveness of suboptimal concentrations of SA could be potentiated by all
      trans retinoic acid. A similar potentiation was effected by phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and theophylline, by 8-bromo-cAMP, and by
      prostaglandins of the E and F series; these last observations suggest cyclic
      nucleotide involvement in the SA-mediated elevation of synovial fibroblast PA
      activity.

PMID- 6420561
TI  - Spinal entheseal new bone formation: the early changes of spinal diffuse
      idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
AB  - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is characterized by new bone growth at
      the point of insertion of ligaments and tendons to bone. We examined
      retrospectively the anatomical morphologic changes discernible at the insertion
      of spinal longitudinal ligamentous fibrous tissue to vertebral bodies. The
      earliest evidence of bone formation was in the "waist" of the vertebral body away
      from the intervertebral disc area. New bone arose along the insertion of the
      fibrous tissue to the anterior cortical surface of the vertebral body and
      progressed along the fibres at an angle to the cortical surface distinct from it
      until the advanced stages. With disc degeneration the 2 processes were distinct
      and separate. Degenerative disc disease occurred at the margin of the endplate of
      the vertebral body with associated changes in the disc itself. Entheseal
      ossification occurred remote from the margin of the intervertebral disc and
      remained distinct from the subjacent vertebral body as it followed the
      ligamentous tissue; fusion with the cortical surface of the subjacent vertebral
      body was only seen in the most advanced cases of disseminated idiopathic systemic
      hyperostosis.

PMID- 6420562
TI  - HLA-DR antigens and proteinuria induced by aurothioglucose and D-penicillamine in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - By means of a case-control study we investigated the association between HLA
      phenotypes and the development of proteinuria after aurothioglucose or D
      penicillamine treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HLA-DR3 was
      markedly increased in 44 treatment cases compared with 66 RA controls (46 versus
      18%, p = 0.002). HLA-DR3 positive patients were at greater risk during treatment
      with D-penicillamine (RR 10.1, p = 0.001) than gold treated cases (RR 1.7, p =
      0.365). The associations between HLA-DR3 and nephrotic syndrome (RR = 6.3, p =
      0.004) and early onset proteinuria (RR = 5.4, p less than 0.001) were stronger
      compared with uncomplicated proteinuria (RR = 3.1, p = 0.017) and late-onset
      proteinuria (RR = 1.6, p = 0.459), respectively. It appears that genetic factors
      in RA influence the development, the degree and the time of onset of drug induced
      proteinuria.

PMID- 6420563
TI  - beta 2 microglobulin plasma levels reflect disease activity in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Elevated plasma levels of beta 2 microglobulin have been described in rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) but their relationship to disease activity is unclear. In patients
      treated for 6 months with auranofin (AF) there was a significant fall (p less
      than 0.05) in beta 2M levels pari passu with improvement in disease activity as
      measured by a fall in C-reactive protein. In addition, 26 patients with mild RA
      had beta 2M levels within the normal range. It is concluded that beta 2M plasma
      levels reflect disease activity in RA.

PMID- 6420564
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome with pseudolymphoma treated with chrysotherapy.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman presented with a 10 X 10 cm pseudolymphoma of the lung and
      Sjogren's syndrome. She was treated with weekly chrysotherapy for 4 years and had
      gradual diminution of the lung mass over this period along with normalization of
      her parotid gland scintiscan. In addition her rheumatoid factor titer (RF) of
      1:160,000 fell to zero, IgM level became normal and lymphocyte mitogen response
      improved. On 5-year followup the patient remains stable with a negative RF,
      normal IgM and stable chest radiographs.

PMID- 6420566
TI  - Spondyloarthropathy in Caucasians and non-Caucasians.
AB  - The striking association between the spondyloarthropathies and HLA-B27 transcends
      all ethnic and geographical boundaries. The relationship between the various
      entities is well defined for many conditions, but others such as pustulotic
      arthroosteitis, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, and seronegative
      enthesopathic arthropathy of childhood are less clear. The association between B
      27 and disease is less dramatic in non-Caucasians where cross-reacting antigens
      and other genetic determinants may be more important. Worldwide, some 20% of
      individuals develop sacroiliitis or Reiter's syndrome following an unknown or
      specific infective agent, respectively. The debate continues as to whether B27
      itself is operative or whether additional gene or genes are required. Detailed
      epidemiological and molecular analysis is required.

PMID- 6420565
TI  - Heterotopic ossification heralded by a knee effusion.
AB  - A knee effusion suddenly appeared in a 44-year-old woman one month after she
      suffered a neurological catastrophe. Heterotopic ossification (HO) subsequently
      developed above her knee. Because treatment of HO with disodium etidronate may be
      successful if started early, awareness of the association between acute arthritis
      and new bone formation in certain clinical settings is important.

PMID- 6420567
TI  - Genetic epidemiology as a tool for investigating rheumatic disease.
AB  - Both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute to the etiology
      of the rheumatic diseases. The relative contribution of genes and environment to
      the observed variability in prevalence and expression of rheumatic disease in
      different populations can only be assessed by procedures designed to identify
      both genetic and environmental influences. By applying the new discipline of
      genetic epidemiology to study familial aggregation, association with genetic
      markers, segregation, and linkage analysis, our understanding of rheumatic
      disease is likely to be substantially advanced during the next decade.

PMID- 6420568
TI  - Analysis of HLA-B27 antigen with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - To explore the possibility that the HLA-B27 antigen may exist in more than one
      form, murine monoclonal antibodies were produced to B27 molecules. The first such
      antibody, anti-B27M1, reacts with 100% of B27 + cells and, therefore, does not
      distinguish B27 + healthy individuals from those with spondyloarthropathies. A
      second antibody, anti-B27M2, recognizes a variant of the B27 molecule that is
      present in most but not all Caucasian B27 + individuals. The frequency of
      B27M2(+) variants also appears to differ among different ethnic groups.
      Preliminary studies suggest that B27 + patients with ankylosing spondylitis are
      less likely than B27 + healthy individuals to express the B27M2 variant.

PMID- 6420569
TI  - Crystallography, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and molecular
      graphics in a comparative analysis of the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
      from chicken liver and Lactobacillus casei by 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2
      dimethyl-1-(substituted-phenyl)-s-triazine s.
AB  - The inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from chicken liver and from
      Lactobacillus casei has been studied with 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1
      (substituted-phenyl)-s-triazines. It was found that for the chicken enzyme,
      inhibitor potency for 101 triazines was correlated by the following equation: log
      1/Kiapp = 0.85 sigma tau' - 1.04 log (beta X 10 sigma tau' + 1) + 0.57 sigma +
      6.36. The parameter tau' indicates that for certain substituents, tau = 0. In the
      case of the L. casei DHFR results, meta and para derivatives could not be
      included in the same equation. For 38 meta-substituted compounds, it was found
      that log 1/Kiapp = 0.38 tau'3-0.91 log (beta X 10 tau'3 + 1) + 0.71I + 4.60 and
      for 32 para-substituted phenyltriazines log 1/Kiapp = 0.44 tau'4-0.65 log (beta
      tau'4 + 1') - 0.90 upsilon + 0.69I + 4.67. In the L. casei equation, I is an
      indicator variable for substituents of the type CH2ZC6H4-Y and ZCH2C6H4-Y, where
      Z = O, NH, S, or Se. The parameter upsilon is Charton's steric parameter, which
      is similar to Taft's Es. The mathematical models obtained from correlation
      analysis are compared with stereo color graphics models.

PMID- 6420570
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships of 6-anilinouracils as inhibitors
      of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III.
AB  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of a series of 6
      anilinouracil derivatives were developed for their inhibitory activity against
      the wild-type DNA polymerase III (pol III) and a mutant enzyme, pol III/azp-12,
      derived from Bacillus subtilis. Interaction between inhibitors and both enzymes
      appears to result solely from hydrophobic binding. Comparison of the substituent
      contributions indicates increased hydrophobic character and a minor change of
      shape of the inhibitor binding site of the mutant enzyme. Because the two enzymes
      have identical Km values for substrates, the inhibitor binding site is thought to
      be distinct from the enzyme active site.

PMID- 6420571
TI  - Observations on the ultrastructure and distribution of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
      in naturally infected Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) arenicola (Acari:
      Trombiculidae).

PMID- 6420572
TI  - Importance of methodology in determining bactericidal and bacteriostatic
      activities of azlocillin and ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The activities of azlocillin and ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      compared by estimating minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC
      and MBC) in liquid and solid media, and by constructing killing curves from
      sequential viable counts. In MIC studies, azlocillin was about three times more
      active than ticarcillin in solid medium (agar dilution test) and in liquid media
      (tube and microdilution tests). When the MBC was measured, however, results
      varied according to the technique used. On agar and in microdilution tests, both
      azlocillin and ticarcillin were bactericidal, the MBC being 1.3-3 MIC. In the
      tube test, the MBC for ticarcillin was again about 3 MIC, but azlocillin appeared
      not to be bactericidal (MBC greater than 1 mg/ml). However, sequential viable
      counts of four clinical isolates showed that at 4 MIC both antibiotics reduced
      viable counts by a factor of 10(4) in 8 h. Our results stress the importance of
      methodology when assessing the antibacterial activity of an antibiotic.

PMID- 6420573
TI  - Chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes toward Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Chemoattractive properties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were studied by measuring
      leukocyte migration in agarose gel. Human serum albumin (0.5%) was present in the
      gel and normal human serum was excluded from all components of the assay. Viable
      cell populations and lysates of colonial types F62T1, F62T2 and F62T3 induced
      migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Chemotactic activity of the lysate was
      not altered by heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min and was retained in the 12 100
      g supernatant fraction of the heated lysate. Fractionation of the supernate by
      Sephadex G-100 chromatography showed that the chemotactic activity was associated
      primarily with an absorbance peak at 280 nm of relatively low mol. wt. The
      chemotactic activity of this fraction was lost after dialysis and the peak was no
      longer present in the Sephadex G-100 elution profile of the dialysed supernate.
      The gonococcal leukotaxins were sensitive to digestion by trypsin, pronase and
      amyloglucosidase, but insensitive to treatment with RNAase, DNAase or lipase at
      pH 5.7-7.1.

PMID- 6420574
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Acanthamoeba actin.
AB  - By amino acid sequence studies, only one form of cytoplasmic actin was detected
      in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Its amino acid sequence is very similar to the
      sequences of Dictyostelium and Physarum actins, from which Acanthamoeba actin
      differs in only nine and seven residues, respectively, including the deletion of
      the first residue. Acanthamoeba actin is unique in containing a blocked NH2
      terminal neutral amino acid (glycine), while all other actins sequenced thus far
      have a blocked acidic amino acid (aspartic or glutamic) at the NH2 terminus.
      Acanthamoeba actin is also unique in that it contains an N epsilon
      trimethyllysine residue at position 326. Like other actins, Acanthamoeba actin
      contains an NT-methylhistidine residue at position 73. The protein sequence is in
      complete agreement with the sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence of an
      expressed actin gene.

PMID- 6420575
TI  - External radiation therapy of localized prostatic cancer.
AB  - From July 1975 to December 1980, 156 patients with localized carcinoma of the
      prostate received external radiation therapy at the University of Kansas Medical
      Center. Sixteen patients were lost to follow-up. The follow-up period for the
      remaining 140 patients ranged from 2 years to 7 years. Median follow-up period
      was 4.2 years. The overall survival according to stage was as follows: stage A2,
      100 percent; stage B, 83 percent; and stage C, 53 percent. Corresponding disease
      free survival was 91 percent, 70 percent, and 40 percent, respectively. Both
      stage and grade have great influence on survival. In stage B, about 44 percent of
      grade 3 tumors developed distant metastases compared with only 19 percent with
      grades 1 and 2 tumors. In stage C, 71 percent of grade 3 tumors showed
      progression of disease. A majority of patients with positive nodes showed
      progression of disease when compared with patients with negative nodes (75
      percent vs 15 percent).

PMID- 6420576
TI  - Effects of dimercaprol or thioctic acid on the distribution and excretion of
      Na374AsO3 injected subcutaneously in rats.
AB  - This report dealt with the effects of dimercaprol (BAL) and thiotic acid (TA),
      antidotes against arsenical, on the distribution and the excretion of 74As in
      several organs of the rat. Each organ was removed and served for quantitative
      analysis of 74As five days after subcutaneous injection of Na374AsO3 5
      microCi/100 g. Administration of BAL or TA was performed intraperitoneally with a
      single administration or five consecutive administrations for five days before
      animals were sacrificed. 74As content in each organ of the rat decreased to a
      greater extent in the five consecutive administration group of BAL or TA than in
      the non-treated or single administration groups. Moreover, the excretion of 74As
      in a digestive tract increased more remarkably in the five consecutive
      administration group than in the non-treated or single administration groups.
      There were no differences in the excretion or the content of 74As in each organ
      between the single administration group and the non-treated group.

PMID- 6420577
TI  - Increased lipid fuel dependence in the critically ill septic patient.
AB  - The effect of sepsis in modifying post-surgical fuel utilization in critically
      ill patients was determined from 374 observations (246 septic [S] and 128
      nonseptic [N] in 12 intubated ICU patients studied serially. Patients received
      TPN (values/24 hrs: Septic, N2, 9.1 +/- 2.2 gm; glucose, 543 +/- 211 kcal/m2,
      Nonseptic, N2, 8.3 +/- 3.6 gm; glucose, 550 +/- 346 kcal/m2). In some periods,
      intravenous lipid (L) was given to raise total caloric intake to 826 +/- 223
      kcal/ 24 hr/m2. The VO2, VCO2, respiratory rate, minute volume, and blood gas
      levels were measured, and respiratory quotient (RQ) and metabolic rate (MR)
      computed. Statistics were performed by 2-way ANOVA and analysis of covariance.
      Without lipid, mean VCO2 for S (126 ml/min/m2) and N (128 ml/min/m2) were not
      significantly different, but VO2 in S (146 ml/min/m2) and N (132 ml/min/m2), and
      the RQ values S (0.88) and N (0.97), were different (p less than 0.0001). In 360
      studies RQ was shown to be increased by the total caloric intake, but reduced in
      the presence of sepsis: RQ = 0.00014 (kcal/m2) - 0.09 (sepsis effect + 0.878 N =
      360; r2 = 0.304; F2,357 = 78; p less than 0.0001; but both administered glucose
      and lipid calories contribute to the RQ in sepsis: RQ = 0.00017 (glucose kcal/m2)
      + 0.266 X 10(-3) (lipid kcal/m2) + 0.732 n = 114; r2 = 0.260; F2,111 = 19.5; p
      0.0001. Sepsis increased VO2 with little change in VCO2, thus RQ fell, suggesting
      increased use of lipid fuels for oxidation. During hypercaloric lipid infusion in
      septic patients (SL) VO2 and VCO2 increased but VO2 was still greater, so RQ
      remained low (SL RQ = 0.89). As sepsis worsened VO2 remained high but VCO2 fell
      producing RQ less than 0.8, while plasma glucose levels were increased. These
      data suggest that septic patients are more dependent than nonseptics on lipid
      fuels for oxidative metabolism, and that IV lipids can be used to increase
      oxidative metabolism in sepsis at a time when glucose metabolism appears reduced.

PMID- 6420578
TI  - Relative roles of burn injury, wound colonization, and wound infection in
      induction of alterations of complement function in a guinea pig model of burn
      injury.
AB  - Stimuli involved in induction of alterations of the complement system and
      production of circulating inhibitor(s) of phagocytic function of
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils following burn injury were investigated using a
      guinea pig model of scald burn injury. The activity of C1-C9, assessed by
      measurement of total hemolytic complement, was found to increase primarily in
      response to burn injury per se, whereas reduction in the activity of the
      alternative complement pathway was shown to develop in association with natural
      colonization and local burn wound infection with bacterial pathogens. Invasive
      burn wound infection induced experimentally with Staphylococcus aureus,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Candida albicans exacerbated this latter abnormality,
      caused consumption of C1-C9 activity, and was associated with appearance of serum
      factors that depressed phagocytosis of Escherichia coli 075 by peritoneal
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Thus injury and coexistent infection both play
      important roles in induction of humoral alterations of host defense associated
      with burn injury.

PMID- 6420579
TI  - Phenotypic mixing of pyocin R2 and bacteriophage PS17 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      PAO.
AB  - Previous results indicate that a group of bacteriocins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      named R-type pyocins, have a structure resembling bacteriophage tails and share
      some serological homology with certain bacteriophages. This paper presents
      genetic evidence which strongly suggests that components of pyocin R2, an R-type
      pyocin of P. aeruginosa PAO, and tail components of bacteriophage PS17 are
      interchangeable. Complementation tests with pyocin R2-deficient mutants of PAO
      and ts mutants of PS17 revealed that various phenotypic interactions occur
      between the pyocin and bacteriophage in PAO cells lysogenized or infected with
      PS17. (i) Certain pyocin R2-deficient mutations were phenotypically suppressed in
      cells carrying PS17 prophage. (ii) A temperature-sensitive mutant of PS17, tsQ31,
      was phenotypically suppressed in PAO cells treated with mitomycin C. (iii)
      Phenotypically mixed phages with receptor and serological specificities of pyocin
      R2 were formed in PS17 lysogens of certain pyocin R2-deficient mutants.

PMID- 6420580
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. CO2 laser treatment of
      gynecologic malignant neoplasms.

PMID- 6420581
TI  - The genetics of antibody production. Clinical implications.

PMID- 6420582
TI  - Mushroom poisoning. Case reports and a review of therapy.
AB  - Four incidents of mushroom poisoning, representing four of the seven established
      groups of toxic mushrooms, are presented. These case reports illustrate the range
      of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms caused by mushroom poisoning and
      reflect a nationwide increase in reports of serious poisonings in recent years.
      Severity of poisonings often parallels the time span between consumption and
      onset of symptoms, with serious poisonings having longer incubation periods. New
      therapies for amatoxin poisoning may reduce mortality caused by these poisonings.

PMID- 6420583
TI  - A new piece for the puzzle of inflammation.

PMID- 6420585
TI  - [Trial in high-frequency jet ventilation with periodic changes of the I/E ratios.
      I. Control of CO2 elimination].

PMID- 6420584
TI  - Pathophysiologic features of pulmonary thromboembolism in man.
AB  - The current study was done to clarify the recent trend of clinical pulmonary
      thromboembolism (PTE) in Japan. The time has long passed since thromboembolic
      diseases of the lung were rare in our country. We have experienced, however,
      twenty-four clinically manifested patients with PTE during the past two years.
      Although a number of symptoms and findings have been reported to facilitate the
      diagnosis, they were for the most part nonspecific and therefore nondiagnostic.
      Combined perfusion and ventilation scans showing a perfusion defect with normal
      ventilation were reported to be useful for diagnosis of PTE, but a special
      attention should be paid to the fact that a massive perfusion defect was
      accompanied by decreased ventilation of the affected lung. From a
      pathophysiologic study, an exertional dyspnea associated with increased A-aDO2
      and also increased a-ETDCO2 in patients without apparent pulmonary consolidation
      on their chest roentgenogram was strongly suggestive of PTE. A-aDO2 and a-ETDCO2
      were shown to be variables independent to each other. a-ETDCO2 was valuable for
      clinical diagnosis with direct evidence of high VA/Q units resulting from
      occluded pulmonary arteries. On the other hand, A-aDO2 which was once elevated in
      the acute stage of PTE was decreased according to the recovery with a close
      linear correlation to the actual perfusion defect and was a sensitive indicator
      suggestive of resolved emboli. A-aDO2 was considered to provide measures of the
      active severity of PTE unlike a-ETDCO2.

PMID- 6420586
TI  - [Expired 14-CO2 and 14-C radioactivities in tissues following intravenous
      injection of DL- and L-(1-14C) sodium lactate].

PMID- 6420587
TI  - [Case of breast cancer associated with Recklinghausen's disease].
AB  - Malignant epithelial tumors associated with Recklinghausen disease are very rare.
      A 32-year-old female with Recklinghausen disease was admitted to our hospital
      complaining of a 5 X 4 cm left breast mass. A malignant tumor of the breast was
      diagnosed by mammography, echography and clinical features. Radical mastectomy
      was performed and pathological examination showed papillotubular adenocarcinoma.
      Three cases of breast cancer associated with Recklinghausen disease reported in
      the Japanese literature were reviewed.

PMID- 6420588
TI  - [Analysis of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, with
      special reference to quantitative analysis of erythrocyte-bound immunoglobulin by
      beta-galactosidase-labeled immunoenzyme technic].

PMID- 6420589
TI  - Peritoneal exudation of macrophages by irritants and its effect on immune
      responses against sheep erythrocytes and Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - Relation between the degradation of antigenic substances by peritoneal exudate
      macrophages induced by different irritants and subsequent induction of immune
      responses against SRBC or Listeria monocytogenes were studied. Delayed footpad
      reaction and antibody production to SRBC were both suppressed by pretreatment
      with thioglycollate or with killed Corynebacterium parvum. In contrast, delayed
      footpad reaction and acquired cellular resistance to Listeria were augmented by
      pretreatment with thioglycollate. When pretreated with C. parvum, however, such
      augmentations in immune responses to Listeria were not observed but these
      responses were suppressed. It was suggested that the amount of antigenic stimuli
      was determined by the mutual relationship between the level of macrophage
      activity as scavenger cells and the susceptibilities of the antigenic substances
      to degradation by macrophages, and that induction of immune responses were
      affected by this mutual relationship.

PMID- 6420590
TI  - A rheoencephalographic study of the cerebral blood flow in patients with the
      vibration disease.
AB  - One hundred and seven patients with the vibration disease and 26 controls were
      examined, using rheoencephalograms of the frontal, occipital and basilar areas to
      ascertain the state of the cerebral blood flow. Pulse waves were obtained at rest
      and after nitroglycerin administration. Indices of upstroke time (UT), upstroke
      rate (UR), dicrotic index (DI) and minute volume (MV) were calculated by
      analyzing the data. Cerebral blood vessels of the patients were tonic and
      functionally contracted, and it was suggested that organic changes were induced
      in the blood vessels of the basilar area especially in stage IV patients who were
      the most severe.

PMID- 6420591
TI  - [Effects of endogenous prostaglandins and vasopressin on osmotic water flow and
      activation of adenylate cyclase].

PMID- 6420592
TI  - [Urinary CO2 partial pressure in rats with medullary dysfunction].

PMID- 6420593
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of usefulness of the free T3 index and T3:TBG ratio as
      indirect indicators of serum free triiodothyronine concentration].

PMID- 6420594
TI  - [Case of tracheobronchomegaly associated with multiple divertucula].

PMID- 6420595
TI  - [Evaluation of the testicular interstitial functions. 8. Experience in a long
      term administration of gonadotropin in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism].

PMID- 6420596
TI  - Inhibition of chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by short-term
      exposure to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT): interrelationships among BHT
      concentration, carcinogen dose, and diet.
AB  - Dietary butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) fed 14 days before and 14 days after
      carcinogen administration resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of 7, 12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor incidence in outbred
      Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, the inhibitory effects of BHT were strongly
      influenced by the dose of initiating carcinogen and the type of diet in which BHT
      was administered. In animals fed the NIH-07 diet and receiving a low dose of DMBA
      (5 mg/rat), the inhibitory effect of BHT was manifested at all four BHT
      concentrations (6,000 leads to 300 ppm). Maximal inhibition was approximately 50%
      in animals given 5 mg DMBA and receiving 6,000 ppm BHT. However, in the group
      administered a high dose of DMBA (15 mg/rat), the inhibitory effect of BHT was
      expressed only at 6,000 ppm, the highest concentration given. Lower
      concentrations (300 and 1,000 ppm) of BHT had no detectable effect on tumor
      incidence. In animals fed the defined, semipurified AIN-76A diet during the 4
      week treatment period and initiated with 5 mg DMBA, BHT at 6,000 ppm inhibited
      tumor development. However, at 15 mg DMBA animals fed the AIN-76A diet differed
      markedly from those fed the NIH-07 diet. In the former group, BHT at 6,000 ppm
      was unable to elicit any inhibitory response; in the latter group, BHT inhibited
      tumor development by 40%. Dietary BHT also inhibited DMBA-induced adrenocortical
      hyperplastic nodules in a dose-dependent fashion. These results indicate that
      short-term exposure to dietary BHT can inhibit experimental mammary tumor
      development at environmentally relevant concentrations.

PMID- 6420597
TI  - Differentiation and tumorigenicity of human malignant melanocytes in relation to
      their culture conditions.
AB  - The effects of variations in the concentrations of L-cystine (Cys), L-methionine
      (Met), and L-glutamine (Glu) on the establishment of melanocyte cell lines
      obtained from a primary tumor and its metastasis in the same patient were
      studied. The special role of Glu was also studied in 4 lymph node metastases from
      other patients. Differentiation in vitro was dependent on the culture conditions,
      as assessed by morphologic and biochemical studies. Karyologic expression,
      doubling time, cloning efficiency, and tumorigenicity in nude BALB/c mice varied
      widely among the cell lines. Cys was an indispensable amino acid and Glu was not.
      Met and Glu were implicated in melanogenesis. From these observations arose the
      question of the accuracy of comparative results, concerning differentiation and
      tumorigenicity, that had been collected for cell lines obtained under different
      culture conditions.

PMID- 6420598
TI  - Second primary cancers following treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A cohort study designed to evaluate the carcinogenicity of treatment for
      Hodgkin's disease (HD) was conducted. This report describes 2,591 patients with
      HD diagnosed in 1940-75 and presents an analysis of follow-up findings through
      1978. Seventy-four second primary cancers (excluding basal cell and squamous cell
      cancers of the skin and in situ carcinomas of the cervix uteri) were observed 1
      year or more after diagnosis of HD, including 21 leukemias. Twenty leukemias
      occurred after chemotherapy. The relative risk (RR) of leukemia after intensive
      chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was 136 relative to general population
      incidence rates. In the subgroup with both intensive chemotherapy and intensive
      radiotherapy, the RR of leukemia was 125. Both RR estimates differed
      significantly from unity. The RR of cancers other than leukemia 10 years or more
      after intensive radiotherapy relative to no intensive therapy was 19.5 (95%
      confidence limits: 4.8-80).

PMID- 6420599
TI  - Ia-restricted interaction of normal lymphoid cells and SJL lymphoma (reticulum
      cell sarcoma) leading to lymphokine production. II. Rapid production of antibody
      enhancing factor, interleukin 2, and immune interferon.
AB  - Mixed cell cultures of syngeneic lymph node (LN), spleen, or thymus and gamma
      irradiated, syngeneic lymphoma cells of transplantable reticulum cell sarcomas
      (gamma-RCS) produced within 24 hours high titers of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and
      immune interferon in their supernatant (SN). These lymphokine titers were much
      higher than those seen after stimulation with allogeneic cells. SN also had
      marked enhancing activity for antibody production by anti-T-cell serum plus
      complement-treated spleen cells to trinitrophenylated polyacrylamide in vitro.
      This activity could be removed by absorption with cells of an IL-2-dependent
      cytotoxic cell line. Mixtures of gamma-RCS and LN cells from SJL/J F1 hybrid mice
      produced these lymphokines only when the non-SJL parent contributed H-2s or H-2b,
      but not H-2k or H-2d, in the I-region. These I-region restrictions were similar
      to those observed previously with respect to the ability of T-cells from SJL F1
      hybrids to give proliferative responses to gamma-RCS in vitro and of these mice
      to support tumor growth in vivo. gamma-RCS also induced rapid interferon
      production in vivo, but serum titers 24 hours after injection consisted primarily
      of interferon resistant to pH 2 and neutralized by antibody to virally induced
      interferon (IFN-alpha/beta), and the production of IFN-alpha/beta was not subject
      to the same genetic restrictions. Although reticulum cell sarcoma cell extracts
      had no detectable effect in vitro, they were capable of inducing transient IFN
      production in vivo.

PMID- 6420600
TI  - Ia-restricted interaction of normal lymphoid cells and SJL lymphoma (reticulum
      cell sarcoma) leading to lymphokine production. III. Relative roles of reticulum
      cell sarcoma and normal lymphoid cells in lymphokine production.
AB  - Production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in mixed lymphocyte cultures of SJL/J lymph
      node (LN) and gamma-irradiated, syngeneic lymphoma cells of transplantable
      reticulum cell sarcoma (gamma-RCS) was abolished by pactamycin pretreatment of
      gamma-RCS. LN cells needed for this interaction were Lyt-2 T-cells, not adherent
      to Sephadex G-10. The effect of separation of T-cells and gamma-RCS after the
      first 24 hours of culture suggested that both components contributed to the IL-2
      production. Exogenous IL-2, but not interleukin 1 (IL-1), restored the ability of
      pactamycin-treated gamma-RCS to induce syngeneic T-cell proliferation. The
      inability of T-cells from "nonresponder" F1 hybrids of SJL to proliferate to
      gamma-RCS was not corrected by addition of IL-1 or IL-2. Interferon (IFN)
      production also required the presence of untreated gamma-RCS and LN cells, but it
      was dependent on a Sephadex G-10 and plastic adherent cell in LN. IFN-free
      supernatant of LN cells plus gamma-RCS induced IFN production in fresh normal
      lymphoid cells, suggesting a possible indirect induction of this lymphokine. In
      addition, unirradiated RCS cells (la+ cells) produced immune IFN over a period of
      3 weeks in vitro, after which the cells lost their viability. Prolonged IL-2
      production was not observed in these cultures. The possible biological importance
      of the lymphokine production during the exaggerated syngeneic mixed lymphocyte
      reactions induced by RCS cells is discussed.

PMID- 6420601
TI  - [Bactericidal effects of NaOH on mycobacteria. 1. Survival rate of mycobacteria
      in saline].

PMID- 6420602
TI  - [In vitro activities of antitubercular agents and intensification of combined
      chemotherapy of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6420603
TI  - [Evaluation of pyrazinamide (PZA) as an antitubercular agent].

PMID- 6420604
TI  - [Therapeutic failure in the application of rifampin (RFP): evaluation and
      management].

PMID- 6420605
TI  - [Current progress in heart and lung transplantation].

PMID- 6420606
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and surgical treatment of pericardial cysts and
      pericardial diverticula].

PMID- 6420607
TI  - [Bacteriostatic effects of aqueous solutions of cocaine and tetracaine].

PMID- 6420608
TI  - [Hormonal findings in children with central manifestations of Recklinghausen's
      neurofibromatosis].
AB  - Hormone parameters were evaluated in 14 children with cerebral manifestation of
      N.R. to find a possible involvement of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. In
      addition to growth hormone and prolactin stimulation, tests of gonadotropic,
      thyreotropic and adrenocorticotropic function were performed. 6 patients had
      insufficient growth hormone secretory capacity, and 6 times an increased
      prolactin-stimulation was found; in one patient ACTH-reserve was diminished. A
      brain tumour was found in 5 of these 8 patients with impaired hormone results;
      however, in 3 cases pathologic results were found only after operation.

PMID- 6420610
TI  - [Christmas in England. The patient in the center?].

PMID- 6420609
TI  - Human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF): dose-response of GRF-
      and GH-levels.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF1-44) was given
      as an i.v. bolus to 8 healthy volunteers in 5 different dosages. Blood was
      collected before and up to 120 min after GRF-injection. Four subjects received
      only placebo, five received 3.3 micrograms, three 12.5 micrograms, four 50
      micrograms, 5 received 100 micrograms, and three 200 micrograms hpGRF1-44. No
      serious side effects were recorded after hpGRF1-44. All dosages with the
      exception of the 3.3 micrograms-dosage lead to a clearcut and significant
      increase of GH-levels with a maximum occurring 15 to 30 minutes after hpGRF1-44.
      A dose-response-relationship between the injected GRF-dosage and growth hormone
      levels was only found from 3.3 to 50 micrograms hpGRF1-44. The administration of
      100 or 200 micrograms hpGRF1-44 did not lead to a further increase of GH-levels
      compared to the 50-micrograms-dose. This was in contrast to the clearcut dose
      dependency of hpGRF1-44-levels measured by a specific radioimmunoassay over the
      whole dose range with a maximum occurring 5 minutes after the injection. The mean
      halftime of disappearance for the 200-micrograms-dose of hp-GRF1-44 was 7.6 +/-
      1.7 minutes (+/- SE). We conclude that there is a marked heterogeneity of the GH
      response to hpGRF1-44 in healthy volunteers though a dose-response-relationship
      over the range from 3.3 to 50 micrograms hpGRF i.v. could be established. The
      dose-response-dependency of hpGRF1-44-levels up to the 200-micrograms-dose
      indicates that the maximal GH-response is reached when 50 micrograms hpGRF1-44
      are administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420611
TI  - [Allergy in children. With reference to a pamphlet of the Asthma & Allergy
      Foundation of America (Allergy in Children)].

PMID- 6420612
TI  - [Combined somatic and behavioral therapeutic assessment for the treatment of
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6420613
TI  - [Experiences of parents with allergic children].

PMID- 6420614
TI  - [We present: Study Group Allergic Child--assistance for children with asthma,
      eczema or hay fever (A.A.K.)].

PMID- 6420615
TI  - [Possibilities and problems of tube feeding in the child with laparotomy].

PMID- 6420616
TI  - [Care of a patient undergoing total intestinal irrigation].

PMID- 6420617
TI  - Serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from laboratory rats and mice.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured from the feces of laboratory rats and
      mice were serotyped. The fecal samples originated from primary genetic centers,
      secondary breeding facilities, and research testing facilities operated under
      contracts from the National Cancer Institute. Eighty-nine percent or 264 of 297
      isolates were of serotypes 1, 4, 6, 10, or 11, and of these, 154 (51.8%) isolates
      were serotypes 6 or 11. In some instances, Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes found
      in animals at a primary genetic center were also found at secondary breeding
      facilities which had received breeding stock from the primary genetic center. The
      same serotypes also were found in animals at research-testing laboratories that
      had received animals from the secondary breeding facilities.

PMID- 6420618
TI  - Automatic monitoring of breath-to-breath occlusion pressure and ventilatory
      parameters during CO2 rebreathing.
AB  - A computerized system for occlusion pressure measurement during a rebreathing
      test is described. The system is implemented on an Apple II microcomputer. A set
      of programs allows calibration, data acquisition during the experiment, and fast
      automatic processing of the various parameters of ventilation and occlusion
      pressure versus end tidal PCO2. The use of a limited memory system is made
      possible by an electronic interface which allows preprocessing of the mouth
      pressure. In addition, that device drives a new simple electromagnetic valve with
      low flow resistance and dead space.

PMID- 6420619
TI  - Cost effectiveness of alcoholism treatment in partial vs inpatient settings. Six
      month outcomes.
AB  - Six-month outcomes for alcohol misusers assigned to extended inpatient
      hospitalization and to partial hospitalization were comparable for alcohol
      consumption and social and vocational roles. However, the subjective well-being
      of partial hospital patients was greater and their treatment costs were lower.

PMID- 6420620
TI  - Ossified skeletal muscle angioma: report of two cases.
AB  - Ossifying skeletal muscle angiomas are relatively rare occurrences. The
      preoperative diagnosis is exceedingly difficult, although ossification may be
      reflected radiologically as a "Swiss cheese" appearance. Two patients are
      described whose skeletal muscle angiomas contained osseous tissue. The osseus
      tissue varied from microscopic foci to an abundant amount which was readily
      recognizable radiologically. The pathologic and radiological features are
      discussed and these appearances to hemangioma and lymphangioma are presented.

PMID- 6420621
TI  - Ischemic necrosis of proximal gastric remnant following subtotal gastrectomy with
      splenectomy.
AB  - Ischemic necrosis of the gastric remnant is a rare and serious complication of
      high subtotal gastrectomy, rarely of the distal resection of the stomach. The
      authors report one case after subtotal gastrectomy with splenectomy, review the
      literature about this subject, and suggest that in all procedures the surgeon
      must take full account of the variability of gastric blood flow. Conservative
      therapy of this complication with total parenteral nutrition is proposed.

PMID- 6420622
TI  - Liver lysosomal enzymes in rats during long-term dietary restriction. 1. Changes
      during the developmental period of life.
AB  - The specific activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, beta
      galactosidase, arylsulphatase B and cathepsin D were determined in homogenates of
      livers of rats fed ad libitum and of rats subjected to long-term dietary
      restriction (10%, 30% and 50% of diet consumed by the ad libitum group). Dietary
      restriction began soon after weaning and animals were sacrificed 3, 9, 15 and 24
      weeks later. Dietary restriction influenced all four enzymes but the changes
      depended on the enzyme as well as on the degree and duration of the dietary
      restriction. Total activity of acid phosphatase increased significantly at 3
      weeks of restriction but only in the 50% group. The activity returned to normal
      values at 9 weeks. Arylsulphatase B increased in all experimental groups with a
      more pronounced change observed at 3 weeks and in the more severely restricted
      rats. No notable change in the activities of beta-galactosidase and cathepsin D
      activities was observed. Changes in the liver ultrastructure paralleled the
      biochemical changes seen at 3 weeks. Numerous autophagic vacuoles and dense
      bodies resembling age pigments were formed in the hepatocytic cytoplasm.
      Mitochondrial enlargement, increased matrical density and rough endoplasmic
      reticulum fragmentation were also noted. Few of these changes were observed at 9
      weeks, and the hepatocyte's morphology was virtually normal at 15 and 24 weeks.
      The marked changes seen at 3 weeks may be a manifestation of the body's adaptive
      processes to the nutritional stress.

PMID- 6420623
TI  - Feasibility of simulating physicians' judgments of patient severity.
AB  - This article reports on adopting Gustafson's multiattribute utility method to
      develop a specific momentary severity index (vis-a-vis severity over time) for
      nontraumatic chest pain patients. A panel of physicians identified an appropriate
      set of indicators for the index. Three mathematic models were generated on the
      basis of these indicators with each model predicting no less than 81% of the
      variance in overall scores of 96 simulated patients with chest pain. High
      interrater reliability (0.94) was demonstrated. Congruent validity coefficients
      between the three model scores and the overall scores vary between 0.71 and 0.92
      depending on how the panel physicians are grouped. Results indicate the
      feasibility of simulating physician judgments regarding patient severity in chest
      pain-related cases.

PMID- 6420624
TI  - [Heroin: a new cause of toxicological emergencies].

PMID- 6420625
TI  - [Prevalence of infection by hepatitis B virus in asymptomatic drug addicts].

PMID- 6420626
TI  - Alteration of the kinetics of tocainide in combined hepatic and renal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6420627
TI  - [Algae as allergens].

PMID- 6420628
TI  - [Patients' personal records as a help in fluid and hemotherapy].

PMID- 6420629
TI  - Quasi-morphine withdrawal behaviour: indication for a specific involvement of the
      GABA-ergic nerve terminal compartment.
AB  - Wet-dog-shaking resembling morphine withdrawal behaviour can be evoked in rats by
      administration of dipropylacetate (DPA). It has been postulated that DPA elicits
      the withdrawal like behaviour through specifically inhibiting the GABA
      degradation in nerve terminals. Inhibition of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) by
      aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) in other compartments of the brain would result in an
      inhibition of the stimulated GABA-release via feedback on autoreceptors and
      therefore suppress the DPA-evoked behaviour. This hypothesis has been tested
      using the GABA-T inhibitors gamma-acetylenic-GABA (GAG), gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG)
      and ethanolamine-O-sulphate (EOS). Although GAG and AOAA were found to suppress
      the body shakes, both GVG and EOS had no effect. Both GAG and AOAA have possibly
      also effect on glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) whereas GVG and EOS did not affect
      this enzyme, suggesting a nerve terminal-specific effect on DPA-induced
      behaviour. GVG stimulated DPA-evoked body shakes after 36 and 60 h, when a
      specific GABA-increase in nerve terminals will be present.

PMID- 6420630
TI  - Reversal of the muscle relaxant effect of diazepam by the specific benzodiazepine
      antagonist Ro 15-1788: an electromyographic study in morphine model of muscular
      rigidity in rats.
AB  - The effects of the benzodiazepines diazepam and midazolam on the rigidity
      produced by systemic administration of morphine (15 mg/kg i.p.) were studied in
      rats. The rigidity was recorded as a tonic activity from the gastrocnemius-soleus
      muscle of non-anesthetized rats in the electromyogram. Both diazepam (1-5 mg/kg
      i.p.) and midazolam (2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p.), when administered 45 min after
      morphine, temporarily antagonized the muscular rigidity. When the competitive
      antagonist Ro 15-1788 (ethyl-8-fluoro-5, 6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H
      imidazo[1,5a]-[1,4]benzodiazepine-3 -carboxylate) (5 mg/kg i.p.) was administered
      together with diazepam (5 mg/kg i.p.), it prevented the effect of diazepam,
      although by itself it did not affect the morphine-induced muscular rigidity. Our
      results suggest that diazepam, by acting on benzodiazepine receptors, can
      antagonize the morphine-induced muscular rigidity. The latter phenomenon might
      serve as a model for some types of muscular rigidity observed in humans.

PMID- 6420631
TI  - Mechanism of potentiation by diazepam of adenosine response.
AB  - Diazepam (3 microM) potentiates the adenosine-induced relaxation of caecum. Other
      benzodiazepine receptor ligands, such as inosine and hypoxanthine, failed to
      modify adenosine responses. Diazepam failed to further modify the dose-response
      curve to adenosine obtained in the presence of dipyridamole, and uptake
      inhibitor. Diazepam and dipyridamole did not affect the responses to 2
      chloroadenosine. The relaxant effect of adenosine was not blocked by Ro 15-1788,
      a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. These observations indicated that diazepam
      potentiated adenosine response by inhibiting the uptake of purine nucleotide and,
      that the benzodiazepine receptor is not purinergic in nature in the rat caecum.

PMID- 6420632
TI  - A sensitive radiometric assay for enkephalin convertase and other
      carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes.
AB  - A sensitive radiometric assay for carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes has been
      developed using enkephalin convertase, an enkephalin synthesizing
      carboxypeptidase. The assay is based on the differential solubility of 3H-labeled
      substrate and product in chloroform. The substrates 3H-benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Arg or 3H
      benzoyl-Phe-Leu-Arg are poorly soluble in chloroform due to the charged arginine.
      The products of carboxypeptidase B-like activity on these substrates, 3H-benzoyl
      Phe-Ala or 3H-benzoyl Phe-Leu partition quantitatively into chloroform, allowing
      rapid separation of product from substrate. This assay is approximately 100 times
      more sensitive than a similar fluorometric assay utilizing dansyl-Phe-Ala-Arg as
      a substrate.

PMID- 6420633
TI  - Smooth muscle contraction as a model to study the mediator role of endogenous
      lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid.
AB  - In the lung, the contraction of smooth muscle, or bronchospasm, is generally
      caused by an immunologic insult resulting in mast cell degranulation and the
      release of histamine, slow reacting substances, and other mediators of
      inflammation (1). Although the immediate response is bronchospasm, continued
      activation of this sequence of events results in a chronic inflammatory disease.
      In the uterus, numerous conditions can result in smooth muscle contraction. One
      major pathophysiological syndrome associated with increased uterine tone and
      severe rhythmic contraction is primary dysmenorrhea (2). In this disease state,
      prostaglandins have been shown to play a major role in these contractions (3,4),
      and inhibitors of cyclooxygenase have proven beneficial in clinical practice (5).
      Both dysmenorrhea and cervical ripening have been likened to inflammatory
      reactions due to varying degrees of vasodilation, invasion by inflammatory cells,
      proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle contraction (6,7). Metabolism of
      arachidonic acid (AA) via cyclooxygenase to prostaglandins and thromboxanes and
      via lipoxygenase to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and leukotrienes is an
      integral part of both the acute and chronic inflammatory reaction in the lung or
      uterus. The material reviewed here examines the effect of endogenous leukotrienes
      on both the lung and uterus and suggests that other smooth muscles and
      pathophysiological states may be more involved with the lipoxygenase pathway of
      AA metabolism than previously believed.

PMID- 6420634
TI  - The effects of porcine follicular fluid in the postcastration rise of
      gonadotropins in the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of repeated administration of porcine follicular fluid (PFF) on the
      follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels after
      castration were studied in rabbits. Steroid-free dextran-charcoal extracted PFF
      was administered to male and female adult rabbits at 0800 and 1600 h for four
      days immediately following castration. Serum levels of FSH and LH were measured
      before, during and after the PFF administration and compared to controls. A
      significant increase in FSH and LH was observed within 24 h following castration
      in the controls. In the PFF-treated group, a clear suppression of serum FSH
      levels was observed during PFF administration in both males and females. FSH
      concentrations returned to the control levels within 24 h after PFF withdrawal.
      Even through LH levels showed no differences during PFF injection, compared to
      controls, a significant increase was observed following discontinuation of PFF
      administration.

PMID- 6420635
TI  - Enhanced incorporation of exogenous arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol
      and other phospholipids during the early stages of thrombin-induced aggregation
      in gerbil platelets.
AB  - The degradation of platelet phospholipids via phospholipase activity is known to
      occur during thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Both phosphatidylinositol and
      phosphatidylcholine are considered to be sources of the released arachidonic acid
      which becomes a substrate for prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 formation. In this
      work, the effect of thrombin on the incorporation of exogenous arachidonic acid
      into platelet membrane phospholipids was studied. Suspensions of gerbil platelets
      were incubated in aggregometer cuvettes with [14C] arachidonic acid in the
      absence or presence of thrombin, and product formation was monitored by thin
      layer chromatography and scintillation counting. Within 30 sec, the entry of
      arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol was increased by 165% in thrombin
      stimulated platelets over controls. Under identical conditions, the incorporation
      into phosphatidylcholine was increased by only 57%. These results suggest that
      the incorporation of exogenous arachidonic acid via lysophosphatidylinositol and
      lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activities may be intimately associated
      with thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in the gerbil.

PMID- 6420636
TI  - Elevated levels of arachidonic acid in fish from northern Australian coastal
      waters.
AB  - The fatty acid composition of 10 species of fish caught off the northwest coast
      of Australia (latitude 17 degrees S) was examined. All species contained high
      levels of omega 6 fatty acids (9.6-23.1% of total fatty acids) with arachidonic
      acid being the major omega 6 fatty acid (5.9-14.8% of fatty acids).
      Docosatetraenoic and docosapentaenoic acids of the omega 6 series accounted for 3
      8% of the total fatty acids. The ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids in these
      fish varied from 0.38 to 0.93, compared with an average ratio of 0.16 for fish
      from the northern hemisphere (latitude greater than 30 degrees N). The present
      data and figures from the literature indicate that the marine food chain in the
      southern hemisphere contains significant quantities of omega 6 fatty acids.

PMID- 6420637
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6420638
TI  - [Comparison of the anti-angina effectiveness of gallopamil to isosorbide
      dinitrate in long-term medication].

PMID- 6420639
TI  - [Randomized double-blind comparative study: glycerol trinitrate and isosorbide
      mononitrate].

PMID- 6420640
TI  - Chronic Chagas' disease in the mouse. IV. Effect of trypanocidal drugs.

PMID- 6420641
TI  - [Serological studies in patients with chronic Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6420642
TI  - [Levels of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in diabetic patients].

PMID- 6420643
TI  - [Cytotoxic activity of the leukocytes of chronic Chagas' disease patients against
      Trypanosoma cruzi].

PMID- 6420644
TI  - [Chagas disease caused by transfusion and immunosuppressive therapy].

PMID- 6420645
TI  - Prevention of peripheral nerve dysfunction by an aldose reductase inhibitor in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - A potent inhibitor of aldose reductase, (E)-3-carboxy-methyl-5-[(2E)-methyl-3
      phenylpropenylidene]rhodanin e (ONO-2235), was orally administered at a dose of
      20 mg X kg-1 X d-1 for 2 weeks to streptozotocin-diabetic rats from the beginning
      of the diabetic state, ie, 24 hours after streptozotocin injection. The
      impairment of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of the tail nerve found in
      nontreated diabetic rats was apparently prevented by the treatment with the
      aldose reductase inhibitor (24.5 +/- 0.4 v 29.0 +/- 1.4 m/s on day 14, P less
      than 0.005). Those diabetic rats treated with the compound actually showed an age
      dependent increase in MNCV similar to that of normal control rats (25.5 +/- 1.5 v
      26.4 +/- 1.0 m/s on day 7, 29.0 +/- 1.4 v 29.4 +/- 1.3 m/s on day 14, treated v
      normal, not statistically significant on both days). The sorbitol content of the
      sciatic nerve excised from ONO-2235-treated diabetic rats (0.067 +/- 0.018 nmol/g
      wet weight) was significantly lower than that of the nontreated diabetic rats
      (1.309 +/- 0.080 nmol/g wet weight, P less than 0.001) but significantly higher
      than that of normal control rats (0.229 +/- 0.015 nmol/g wet weight, P less than
      0.001). These results suggest that the reduction in MNCV noted in the
      experimental diabetic animals is not the result of retarded maturation of
      peripheral nerves but of metabolic derangement caused by the diabetic state,
      which can be prevented by suppressing sorbitol accumulation in nerve tissue. It
      also appears that there may be a threshold level of sorbitol accumulation that
      causes the impairment of nerve conduction velocity.

PMID- 6420646
TI  - Is it necessary to adjust the replacement dose of thyroid hormone to the season
      in patients with hypothyroidism?
AB  - Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid activity varies with the temperature of the
      environment; we therefore measured variables involved with thyroid function in
      summer and winter in normal controls and in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
      All seven patients had impalpable thyroid glands and had received a set
      replacement dose of thyroxine for over a year. In the patients, serum T3 and FT4
      levels were slightly but significantly lower in winter, and TSH levels and delta
      TSH at 30 minutes in the TRH tests were significantly higher. In the controls,
      there were no significant differences between summer and winter in these values.
      These findings suggest that the dose required for replacement of thyroid hormone
      in patients with hypothyroidism may be higher in winter than in summer.

PMID- 6420647
TI  - Genetic mapping of a mutation causing an alteration in Bacillus subtilis
      ribosomal protein S4.
AB  - A mutation causing an alteration in Bacillus subtilis ribosomal protein S4 was
      mapped by transformation and PBS-1 transduction to a site between aroG and argA,
      a region of the B. subtilis chromosome not previously demonstrated to contain
      ribosomal protein genes. The S4 mutation conferred a spore-plus phenotype in a
      streptomycin-resistant, spore-minus genetic background. The altered protein was
      detectable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins of
      recombinants scored for the spore-plus phenotype in genetic crosses.

PMID- 6420648
TI  - Biochemical and physical properties of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases
      from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus
      saprophyticus.
AB  - Biochemical and physical properties of the pure bacteriolytic enzymes excreted by
      three different Staphylococcus species (S. aureus, S. simulans, and S.
      saprophyticus) were investigated. Although the three enzymes have previously been
      shown to share the same specificity of action (endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      activity), their biochemical features clearly indicated that they were three
      different enzymes, confirming what had previously been suggested by the different
      lytic-activity patterns displayed by each species and the different procedures
      needed to achieve purification of each enzyme. Very different values resulted
      from molecular weight determination: 80,000 for the S. aureus enzyme, 45,000 for
      the S. simulans enzyme and 31,000 for the S. saprophyticus enzyme. Other
      important differences were observed in their kinetics of activity on Micrococcus
      luteus purified cell walls; their stability; their bacteriolytic spectrum against
      heat-killed cells of various microorganisms; and their response to physical and
      chemical factors, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, divalent cations,
      chelating agents, thiol compounds, and glucose derivatives.

PMID- 6420649
TI  - [Beta-glucanase and chitinase biosynthesis in a culture of a mycophilic strain of
      Trichoderma viride].
AB  - The production of extracellular 1,3-, 1,6-beta-glucanases and chitinase was
      studied during submerged cultivation of a Trichoderma viride strain 3/78 on
      various carbon sources: glycerol, glucose, lactose, sucrose, laminaran, starch,
      pustulan, chitin, and Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies. The synthesis of these
      enzymes and cellulase was studied also under the conditions of depression at low
      concentrations (10(-2) and 10(-3)M) of the first five aforementioned carbon
      sources as well as cellobiose, gentiobiose, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and 0.1%
      chitooligosaccharides and A. bisporus cell walls. The experiments were conducted
      with the washed mycelium of this strain grown for 2 days in a medium with
      glycerol as a carbon source. The results indicated that 1,3- and 1,6-beta
      glucanases of the strain were of the constitutive nature and were repressed by
      such carbon sources as glycerol and glucose. Chitinase and cellulase were shown
      to be inducible enzymes. Chitinase was induced by N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine,
      chitooligosaccharides and A. bisporus cell walls as well as by lactose when the
      fungus was grown on this carbon source. Cellulase biosynthesis was induced by
      lactose, cellobiose and gentiobiose.

PMID- 6420650
TI  - [Chemical composition and role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa peptidoglycolipid in
      hydrocarbon assimilation].
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa P-20 releases a lipophilic compound during growth in a
      medium with hexadecane. The compound was shown to be a peptidoglycolipid. The
      peptide moiety consists of 7 amino acids: lysine, aspartic and glutamic acids,
      serine, proline, valine and leucine. The carbohydrate component is ramnose. The
      lipid moiety is represented by a mixture of fatty acids with the number of carbon
      atoms from 11 to 18 among which C11:1, C16:0, C18:1 and C17:3 predominate. The
      content of unsaturated acids is 64.62%. The peptidoglycolipid stimulates the
      process of hydrocarbon assimilation.

PMID- 6420651
TI  - [New species of exoparasitic bacteria of the genus Micavibrio infecting gram
      positive bacteria].
AB  - A new species of exoparasitic bacteria, Micavibrio aeruginosavorus sp. nov., was
      isolated on the host bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its diagnosis is given.

PMID- 6420652
TI  - Gold compounds in rheumatic diseases--1.
AB  - Gold complexes diminish synovitis and improve therapeutic outcome in rheumatoid
      arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, some forms of juvenile chronic arthritis, and
      palindromic rheumatism. The decision to treat a patient with a gold compound
      should not be undertaken lightly. It should be understood by the patient that the
      commitment to therapy is potentially long-term, that major benefit is not
      assured, and that there is, approximately, a 50% probability of an adverse
      reaction which may terminate treatment. Nevertheless, most adverse effects are
      mild and transient and the probability of good control, even remission, in an
      otherwise threatening disease, is sufficiently high to justify a therapeutic
      trial in the majority of patients. Those patients whose rheumatoid arthritis
      appears to respond to gold may be encouraged to continue long-term therapy with
      maintenance doses, in view of the evidence of sustained efficacy in most patients
      and of the declining risk of adverse reactions after the first 12 months.

PMID- 6420653
TI  - Disodium etidronate (EHDP)

PMID- 6420654
TI  - EDTA plus zinc as therapy of lead intoxication: preliminary results.

PMID- 6420656
TI  - Premature mortality--United States, 1982.

PMID- 6420655
TI  - Spirulina, the edible microorganism.

PMID- 6420657
TI  - Electrocution of a truck driver--West Virginia.

PMID- 6420658
TI  - Influenza outbreak--Louisiana.

PMID- 6420659
TI  - Update: gastrointestinal illness associated with imported semi-soft cheese.

PMID- 6420660
TI  - Foodborne botulism--Illinois.

PMID- 6420661
TI  - Health-risk estimates for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in soil.

PMID- 6420663
TI  - Respiratory virus surveillance--United States, 1983-1984.

PMID- 6420662
TI  - Update: sporadic hemorrhagic colitis.

PMID- 6420664
TI  - Ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistance in systemic Haemophilus influenzae
      disease.

PMID- 6420665
TI  - Contact spread of vaccinia from a recently vaccinated Marine--Louisiana.

PMID- 6420666
TI  - Influenza outbreaks--District of Columbia, Iowa, Louisiana, New York City, North
      Carolina.

PMID- 6420667
TI  - Results of a pilot study of health effects due to 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzodioxin contamination--Missouri.

PMID- 6420668
TI  - Measles surveillance--Canada.

PMID- 6420669
TI  - Update: influenza--United States, through February 8, 1984.

PMID- 6420670
TI  - [Lysinuric protein intolerance].
AB  - We report the first case of lysinuric protein intolerance observed in Germany. A
      girl of Turkish ancestry suffered from severe dehydration at the age of 6 months
      after changing from breast milk to cow milk. Because of a microcytic hypochromic
      anaemia and erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow a hematologic disease
      (Farquar's disease) was suspected. The definite diagnosis of lysinuric protein
      intolerance was eventually clarified by the following laboratory and clinical
      data: increased urinary excretion and low plasma concentration of lysine,
      arginine and ornithine, apathy, vomiting, diarrhea and hyperammonemia after an
      oral protein load, high serum LDH-activity, ferritinemia, and increased urinary
      excretion of orotic acid. Under therapy with citrullin and a low-protein diet the
      metabolic situation remained stable, even during infections. The bone marrow
      findings have been reported only in one further case of lysinuric protein
      intolerance.

PMID- 6420671
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Severe pain in the middle epigastrium].

PMID- 6420672
TI  - [Diseases of the support and locomotor system: social medicine aspects (8).
      Diseases of the upper extremity].

PMID- 6420673
TI  - [Can the effectiveness of existing early cancer detection measures be evaluated
      in a short time?].

PMID- 6420674
TI  - [Ensuring quality in roentgen diagnosis].

PMID- 6420675
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobin anomalies].

PMID- 6420676
TI  - [Current aspects of migraine therapy. Multiple approaches].

PMID- 6420677
TI  - [Urine diagnosis with immersed culture media. Errors in bacteriologic studies].

PMID- 6420678
TI  - [Foreigners. An analysis of guest-worker problems from the biologic and genetic
      viewpoint].

PMID- 6420679
TI  - [Streptococcal pyodermas. A typical complication following travel in the
      tropics].

PMID- 6420681
TI  - [Wasteful experiments with human embryos].

PMID- 6420682
TI  - [Value of initial therapeutic experiences for general practice. On the pros and
      cons of current information in medicine].

PMID- 6420680
TI  - [Orthograde intestinal irrigation with and without the addition of antibiotics.
      Postoperative results following colon interventions].

PMID- 6420683
TI  - [Value of current information].

PMID- 6420684
TI  - [Drug dependence of buprenorphine].

PMID- 6420685
TI  - [Prescription figures and adverse effects of digitalis glycosides. A 2-year
      comparison of inpatients at a university hospital].

PMID- 6420686
TI  - [Acute endocarditis following craniocerebral trauma].

PMID- 6420687
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Cranial arteritis].

PMID- 6420688
TI  - [Diseases of the support and locomotor system: social medicine aspects (9).
      Diseases of the upper extremity].

PMID- 6420689
TI  - [The physician and the law. Compensation reduction because of an uneconomical
      treatment method].

PMID- 6420690
TI  - [Shock waves. A new therapeutic principle in medicine].

PMID- 6420691
TI  - [How medical students view themselves and their fellow students. Causes of
      unsatisfactory relations and cooperation with medical colleagues].

PMID- 6420692
TI  - [Diseases of the support and locomotor system: social medicine aspects (10).
      Diseases of the upper extremity].

PMID- 6420693
TI  - An international collaborative study of 'genetic drift' in Salmonella typhimurium
      strains used in the Ames test.
AB  - An international collaborative study of the response of 5 Salmonella typhimurium
      strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100) to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide was
      performed. A laboratory's 'in-house' stock of these strains was compared with a
      set of reference strains, using a standardized protocol. The prime objective of
      this study was to investigate whether the ability of these strains to produce
      spontaneous or induced mutants had changed during their prolonged cultivation in
      different laboratories, i.e. to investigate their 'genetic drift'. Any observed
      change in mutability might contribute to the variations between laboratories in
      the results of the Ames test. A second objective was to obtain information on the
      extent of intra- and inter-laboratory variation when a standardized protocol was
      used. 38 laboratories participated in this study. The data were analysed
      statistically by 3 groups using different models and the same conclusion was
      reached: genetic drift is found in some strains in some laboratories, but does
      not contribute significantly to inter-laboratory variation in the Ames test. When
      the inter-laboratory variation was analysed there was considerable correlation
      between results for the 'in-house' and the reference strain, and between results
      for different strains in the same laboratory (Margolin et al., accompanying
      paper).

PMID- 6420694
TI  - Sources of variability in Ames Salmonella typhimurium tester strains: analysis of
      the International Collaborative Study on 'genetic drift'.
AB  - Data from 38 laboratories using 5 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100,
      TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538) were analyzed to determine sources and magnitudes of
      test data variability. Each laboratory tested the mutagenicity of 4
      nitroquinoline-N-oxide by the same protocol, using both its in-house cultures and
      a set of reference cultures provided to all laboratories. It was found that
      neither plate-to-plate nor day-to-day variability within a laboratory differed
      substantially between the in-house and reference cultures for any strain; this
      indicated no difference in the laboratories' handling of the two cultures. Not
      surprisingly, on average, plate-to-plate variability was substantially smaller
      than day-to-day variability within a laboratory, which, in turn, was
      substantially smaller than inter-laboratory variability. The solvent DMSO was
      found to have a small (6-7%) but statistically significant depressive effect on
      the spontaneous mutant frequency for the two plasmid-containing strains, TA98 and
      TA100, but not for the other three strains. When the mean value and variance of
      all laboratories for the in-house culture were compared with the corresponding
      reference culture values for each dose and strain, no major differences were
      seen. Any increase in mean or variance in the distribution of laboratory means in
      one of the two cultures could be ascribed largely to a small number of
      laboratories. Laboratories that reported 'high' or 'low' levels of spontaneous or
      induced revertants per plate tended to deviate in the same direction for most
      strains and for both in-house and reference cultures. If 'genetic drift'
      contributed to the inter-laboratory variability in this collaborative study, it
      was a minor component that went undetected in our analyses.

PMID- 6420695
TI  - Statistical evaluation of inter- and intra-laboratory variations of the Ames
      test, as related to the genetic stability of Salmonella tester strains.
AB  - A statistical analysis was performed on the data resulting from an international
      collaborative study of the Ames test according to a standardized experimental
      protocol, which involved the comparative testing of 4NQO (4 doses), in 3 separate
      experiments for each of the 38 participating laboratories, by using a common
      reference (R) culture and in-house laboratory (L) cultures of 5 strains of S.
      typhimurium. Despite some toxicity phenomena recorded at the highest dose of
      4NQO, the majority of the dose-response curves in individual laboratories were
      linear on a bi-log scale and their mean values fitted a linear regression
      framework. Scattering of data around mean values of laboratories was Gaussian
      like even at the highest dose of 4NQO, toxic effects being expressed as a dose
      related increase of variance. A weighted least-square analysis could therefore
      take into account toxic effects without resorting to a sophisticated non-linear
      model incompatible with log transformation. Various analytical approaches--e.g.
      the weighted estimates of linear regression parameters, a multifactor
      (laboratory, experiment, dose, culture of each strain) analysis of variance with
      all the possible interactions, the assessment of correlations in individual
      laboratories and of coefficients of variation for induced and spontaneous
      mutability--could detect some statistically significant differences between L and
      R cultures. However, at a critical evaluation on an individual basis, only few of
      these differences, without any peculiar involvement of given strains, were
      convincing in view of the existence of real phenomena of genetic drift.
      Therefore, on the whole, the genetic drift of Salmonella tester strains appears
      to lend a negligible contribution to the considerable inter- and intra-laboratory
      variability detected in this study. With a background variability between
      replications averaging 26%, a dose-related variability was evident both between
      experiments (28-54%) and between laboratories (44-127%).

PMID- 6420696
TI  - Human lymphocytes treated with r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene require low-density lipoproteins for DNA excision
      repair.
AB  - Human lymphocytes which were non-mitogen-stimulated, and which were depleted of
      lipoproteins, were found to be deficient in DNA excision repair typically
      initiated in these cells in response to treatment with a direct-acting
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogen. Lymphocytes either depleted of
      lipoproteins or supplemented with human low-density lipoproteins formed DNA
      carcinogen adducts which were not chromatographically distinguishable. The state
      of lipoprotein depletion did not alter lymphocyte uptake of thymidine from the
      medium. Lymphocytes which were depleted of lipoproteins, treated with carcinogen,
      and subsequently supplemented with low-density lipoproteins, regained the ability
      to engage in DNA excision repair. The data suggest that either low-density
      lipoprotein(s), or a component(s) of low-density lipoprotein(s), is required by
      human lymphocytes in order to initiate excision repair of carcinogen-damaged DNA.

PMID- 6420697
TI  - Synthesis of DNA during the asexual cycle of Plasmodium falciparum in culture.
AB  - DNA synthesis in cultures of tightly synchronized, developing, asexual forms of
      Plasmodium falciparum began during the early trophozoite stage between 29.5 and
      31 h after parasite invasion and continued through most of the remainder of
      schizogony. DNA synthesis was inhibited by both hydroxyurea and aphidicolin.
      Aphidicolin had a biphasic inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis with a portion of
      the DNA synthesis being considerably more resistant to inhibition. These agents
      did not block the morphological maturation of ring forms to early trophozoites
      but did block further maturation of trophozoites and schizonts.

PMID- 6420698
TI  - Induction and selection of drug resistant mutants of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Conditions for mutagenizing Plasmodium falciparum in culture with the mutagen N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine have been established. Parasite mutants
      resistant to aphidicolin, cycloheximide and sinefungin have been selected and
      subcloned.

PMID- 6420699
TI  - Nitroglycerin patch "mustard plaster".

PMID- 6420700
TI  - Effect of supplemental nocturnal oxygen on gas exchange in patients with severe
      obstructive lung disease.
AB  - We studied the effect of supplemental nocturnal oxygen on blood gases in 15
      patients with severe but stable chronic obstructive lung disease (ratio of forced
      expired volume in one second to forced vital capacity, 37.2 +/- 1.8 [mean +/-
      S.E.] per cent of predicted; arterial oxygen tension, 50.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; and
      arterial carbon dioxide tension [PCO2], 53.1 +/- 1.5 mm Hg). Sleep variables and
      measures of gas exchange were determined on two consecutive nights; on the first
      night the subjects breathed supplemental oxygen, and on the second they breathed
      room air. Transcutaneous PCO2 was measured with an infrared sensor, and arterial
      oxygen saturation with an ear oximeter. Breathing of supplemental oxygen
      sufficient to keep oxygen saturation at or above 90 per cent was associated with
      only small increases (less than 6 mm Hg) in PCO2 throughout sleep, as compared
      with values while subjects were breathing room air. The increase in PCO2 occurred
      early in the night and was not progressive. Only three patients, who were found
      to have obstructive sleep apnea in addition to obstructive lung disease, had
      larger increases in PCO2 during sleep and reported morning headaches. We conclude
      that nocturnal oxygen does not induce clinically important increases in PCO2
      during sleep in patients with stable obstructive lung disease and therefore can
      safely be used to prevent the dangerous consequences of hypoxia.

PMID- 6420701
TI  - From molecular biology to the bedside: the example of immunoglobulin genes.

PMID- 6420702
TI  - Molecular cloning of cDNA for murine interleukin-3.
AB  - The cDNA sequence for murine interleukin-3, one of the colony stimulating factors
      that regulate haematopoiesis, codes for a polypeptide of 166 amino acids
      including a putative signal peptide. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates
      that formation of mature interleukin-3 involves proteolytic removal of not only
      the signal peptide but additional amino-terminal amino acids.

PMID- 6420703
TI  - Presence of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in central catecholaminergic
      neurones.
AB  - The cytochrome P450-containing mixed function oxidases metabolize a variety of
      endogenous and exogenous compounds including drugs, carcinogens, fatty acids and
      steroids. Mixed function oxidases have been detected in several tissues,
      including brain. The enzyme system consists of a lipid fraction
      (phosphatidylcholine), cytochrome P450 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. NADPH
      cytochrome P450 reductase has been purified to apparent homogeneity and
      demonstrated to supply reducing equivalents from NADPH to cytochrome P450 (refs 5
      7). Detection of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase thus represents an indirect
      means of demonstrating the presence of cytochrome P450. Although the role of
      cytochrome P450 in the central nervous system (CNS) is not known, it may include
      such different functions as metabolism of xenobiotics, aromatization of androgens
      to oestrogens and the formation of catecholoestrogens. Despite the potentially
      very important role(s) of cytochrome P450 in brain function, its exact regional
      distribution remains essentially unknown. Using a specific antibody against rat
      liver NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in combination with immunohistochemical
      techniques, we have now localized this enzyme to define catecholamine (CA)
      containing structures of the rat and monkey brain.

PMID- 6420704
TI  - Specific depletion of immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing factor by
      monosodium glutamate in rat median eminence.
AB  - A potent and specific growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) was recently isolated
      and characterized from a human islet cell tumour of the pancreas that caused
      acromegaly. Antibodies raised against the synthetic replicate of this peptide
      have allowed the immunohistochemical identification of GRF-producing neurones
      within the primate central nervous system. Such neurones are found mainly in the
      arcuate nucleus in human and monkey hypothalamus, suggesting that this nucleus is
      a primary source of GRF. We have further investigated this hypothesis by studying
      the anatomical organization of GRF neurones in rat hypothalamus, using an
      antibody raised against the recently characterized rat hypothalamic GRF in normal
      animals and in animals neonatally treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG), a
      treatment which results in the selective destruction of arcuate nucleus neurones.
      We present here the results which show that GRF-producing neurones are located
      mainly in the arcuate nucleus of rats. MSG treatment results in the complete loss
      of GRF-immunoreactive cell bodies within this nucleus and provokes a selective
      disappearance of GRF-immunoreactive fibres in the median eminence. These results
      show that the arcuate nucleus is the origin of the GRF-containing fibres that
      project to the median eminence and establish the MSG-treated rat as an in vivo
      model for studying growth hormone secretion in the absence of neurohumoral GRF.

PMID- 6420705
TI  - Regulation of Antennapedia transcript distribution by the bithorax complex in
      Drosophila.
AB  - The homoeotic genes of Drosophila seem to be involved in the establishment of
      developmental pathways and the specification of different anatomical segment
      identities. For example, it has been proposed that a function of the
      Antennapedia+ (Antp+) locus is to direct embryonic cells to follow a mesothoracic
      developmental pathway. Using cloned cDNA probes of the Antp+ (ref. 6) locus and
      an improved in situ hybridization method, we found that the neural cells of the
      embryonic and larval mesothorax possess higher levels of Antp+ transcripts than
      the neural tissue of the other segments. Here we present further evidence that
      Antp+ products are associated with formation of the mesothorax, obtained by
      analysing the distribution of Antp+ transcripts in bithorax mutants. Embryos
      homozygous for any one of several bithorax mutations display a transformation of
      the epidermis of the more posterior segments into the homologous tissue of the
      mesothorax. For example, the metathorax and first seven abdominal segments of
      embryos that completely lack the bithorax gene complex show a cuticular phenotype
      characteristic of the normal mesothorax. By in situ hybridization of an Antp+
      cDNA probe to tissue sections of these embryos, we have found that the neural
      cells of the transformed segments accumulate Antp+ transcripts to a level
      characteristic of the normal mesothorax.

PMID- 6420707
TI  - Effect of IFN-gamma on the immune response in vivo and on gene expression in
      vitro.
AB  - T lymphocytes produce a variety of immunoregulatory molecules including gamma
      interferon (IFN-gamma) and antigen-specific suppressor and enhancer factors.
      During our studies of active substances obtained from cloned T-cell lines, we
      observed that certain fractions administered to mice resulted in enhancement of
      immune responses. Preliminary characterization of the substance suggested that it
      could be IFN-gamma and we therefore undertook a study of the action of IFN-gamma
      produced by recombinant DNA methodology on immune responses. We found that for
      several antigens, administration of IFN-gamma to mice leads to two- to five-fold
      enhancement of antibody formation provided that the IFN-gamma and antigen are
      administered together. The effect was dose dependent, giving a maximal response
      at 500-600 anti-viral units per mouse. Preliminary studies suggest that the
      macrophage may be the target of IFN-gamma action. Addition of IFN-gamma to
      cultures of a macrophage cell line leads to a greater than 10-fold increase in
      the level of RNA coding for I-region-encoded cell surface molecules.

PMID- 6420706
TI  - Activation of a translocated human c-myc gene by an enhancer in the
      immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus.
AB  - A tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer element that is associated with the
      human immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus is defined. In a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      that contains a translocated c-myc gene this enhancer is retained on the 14q+
      chromosome and occurs within sequences shown to activate previously cryptic
      promoters of the c-myc gene.

PMID- 6420708
TI  - The molecular biology of immunoglobulin D.
AB  - Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is co-expressed with immunoglobulin M (IgM) on the
      membranes of most B cells, yet its biological function has remained a mystery.
      Recent detailed information on the structure and transcription of the unusual IgD
      heavy chain (delta) gene in mouse suggests a complex genetic control. A model is
      presented for the developmental regulation of IgM and IgD and roles suggested for
      the membrane and secreted forms of IgD in the immune network.

PMID- 6420709
TI  - A novel 6:10 chromosomal translocation in the murine plasmacytoma NS-1.
AB  - Specific chromosomal abnormalities are regularly associated with many murine and
      human malignancies. In particular, the majority of murine plasmacytomas and human
      Burkitt's lymphomas contain a characteristic translocation which results in the
      juxtaposition of a cellular oncogene, c-myc, with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain
      gene locus, and this rearranged c-myc directs the synthesis of qualitatively and
      quantitatively abnormal transcripts which may have an aetiological role in the
      development of the transformed state in lymphoid malignancies. Similarly,
      rearrangement and abnormal expression of c-myb (ref. 10) and c-mos (ref. 11) has
      been reported in other murine lymphoid tumours. Here we describe a novel 6:10
      chromosomal translocation in the murine plasmacytoma cell line NS-1 which
      juxtaposes the immunoglobulin Ck gene with a single-copy sequence of unknown
      function. The NS-1 plasmacytoma is a frequently used fusion partner in hybridoma
      production and is known to contain a rearranged c-myc gene and a genetic element
      which transforms normal mouse fibroblasts in DNA-mediated transfection assays. We
      conclude that individual B-cell tumours may contain multiple chromosomal
      translocations perhaps relevant to oncogenesis.

PMID- 6420710
TI  - Erythrocyte receptors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae are sialylated oligosaccharides
      of Ii antigen type.
AB  - Among the pathological effects in man following infection with Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae is a transient autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of
      high-titre erythrocyte autoantibodies (cold agglutinins). These autoantibodies
      are usually directed against the carbohydrate antigen termed I (ref. 3) which
      consists of a branched oligosaccharide. The mechanism by which the anti-I
      antibodies are elicited is unknown. However, sialic acid-containing receptors
      have been implicated in the adherence of M. pneumoniae to erythrocytes and other
      cell types, and both I and the related antigen i occur on erythrocytes in
      sialylated form: i is the predominant antigen on fetal erythrocytes and I is
      predominant in adults. Anti-I antibodies might arise in M. pneumoniae infection
      in response to a modification of the 'self' antigen-I as a result of its
      interaction with this agent. Here we report our study of the specificity of the
      interaction of M. pneumoniae with human erythrocytes. We found that this
      interaction is mediated by long chain oligosaccharides of sialic acid joined by
      alpha 2-3 linkage to the terminal galactose residues of poly-N-acetyllactosamine
      sequences of Ii antigen type.

PMID- 6420711
TI  - Mapping by monoclonal antibody detection of glycosaminoglycans in connective
      tissues.
AB  - Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans are widespread connective tissue components
      and chemical analysis of cartilage and other proteoglycans has demonstrated
      molecular speciation involving the degree and position of sulphation of the
      carbohydrate chains. This may, in turn, affect the properties of the
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG), particularly with respect to self-association and
      interactions with other extracellular matrix components. Interactions with
      specific molecules from different connective tissue types, such as the collagens
      and their associated glycoproteins, could be favoured by particular charge
      organizations on the GAG molecule endowed by the sulphate groups. So far, it has
      not been possible to identify and map chondroitins of differing sulphation in
      tissues, but we have now raised three monoclonal antibodies which specifically
      recognize unsulphated, 4-sulphated and 6-sulphated chondroitin and dermatan
      sulphate. These provide novel opportunities to study the in vivo distribution of
      chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. We demonstrate that chondroitin sulphates
      exhibit remarkable connective tissue specificity and furthermore provide evidence
      that some proteoglycans may predominantly carry only one type of chondroitin
      sulphate chain.

PMID- 6420712
TI  - Rapid adaptation of the stimulatory effect of CO2 on brain norepinephrine
      metabolism.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of exposure of rats to elevated
      environmental levels of CO2 on norepinephrine metabolism in the hypothalamus and
      other regions of the brain. In confirmation of previous findings by others CO2 at
      10 or 15% was found to elevate both dopa accumulation after dopa decarboxylase
      inhibition and norepinephrine utilization after tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition.
      These effects however were found to be transient occurring only during the first
      30 min of 2.5 h exposure. In this regard CO2 differs from another form of stress,
      restraint which produces a sustained 2.5 h increase of dopa accumulation and NE
      accumulation. Restraint was also more effective than CO2 in depleting endogenous
      stores of hypothalamic NE. The factor responsible for the adaptation of the
      catecholamine response to CO2 was not identified although it was shown not to be
      hypothermia and it was reversed by a 2 h CO2-free recovery period.

PMID- 6420713
TI  - Transdermal delivery system--a unique drug dosage form.

PMID- 6420714
TI  - [Oligoepilepsies of middle and advanced age. A special form of idiopathic
      epilepsies].

PMID- 6420715
TI  - [Antiepileptic-induced osteomalacia and vitamin D therapy].

PMID- 6420716
TI  - DDAVP in uremia.

PMID- 6420717
TI  - [Long-term effects of acid-base equilibrium of bicarbonate dialysis].
AB  - The acid-base effects of long-term bicarbonate hemodialysis (BDH) were evaluated
      in five patients previously stabilized on acetate hemodialysis (AHD). Following
      12 weeks on BHD, the patients were studied an additional 6 weeks on return to
      AHD. Hydrogen ion generation rate (calculated from urea generation rate), and pre
      and post-dialysis pH, and blood gases were measured every 2 weeks. The results
      of the study show that, while pre-dialysis blood bicarbonate and pH did not
      change significantly during the stabilization period, during BHD, and following
      return to AHD, hydrogen ion generation rate increased substantially on the
      average during BHD (+6 mmol/24 h) and fell precipitously on return to AHD (-9
      mmol/24 h). Pre- to post-dialysis changes in blood bicarbonate, and pH were
      significantly greater during BDH than during AHD. We conclude that the increase
      in hydrogen ion generation rate during BDH indicates that the patients increased
      their intake of fixed acid. Because of extreme increases observed intra
      dialytically in blood bicarbonate and pH during BHD, the ability to vary
      bicarbonate delivery to the patient may have to be an integral part of equipment
      used in BDH.

PMID- 6420718
TI  - Function of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons in pargyline- and reserpine
      treated rats.
AB  - The synthesis and release of dopamine within tuberoinfundibular neurons were
      studied in rats treated with reserpine and/or pargyline. The effect of reserpine
      to elevate the serum concentration of prolactin was accompanied by a 70-80%
      reduction in the concentration of dopamine in pituitary stalk plasma. When rats
      were given pargyline (75 mg/kg) prior to the administration of reserpine (2.5
      mg/kg), the reserpine-induced alterations in serum prolactin and stalk plasma
      dopamine concentrations were completely prevented. Pargyline treatment alone
      resulted in a significant elevation of the concentration of dopamine in pituitary
      stalk plasma and a reduction in the serum concentration of prolactin. The effects
      of reserpine and pargyline on the synthesis of dopamine in the median eminence
      were found to be the opposite of their effects on the release of dopamine.
      Dopamine synthesis (as estimated by the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine
      after inhibition of decarboxylase activity) was increased after reserpine and
      decreased after pargyline administration. Thus, these data serve to illustrate
      the point that, under certain conditions, the release of dopamine from
      tuberoinfundibular neurons can be dissociated from its rate of synthesis. More
      importantly, it appears the release of dopamine from these neurons is dependent
      upon intact dopamine storage function and monoamine oxidase activity, in addition
      to continued catecholamine synthesis.

PMID- 6420719
TI  - Neonatal estrogen affects preoptic/anterior hypothalamic LHRH differently in
      adult male and female rats.
AB  - When administered during the critical perinatal period, estrogen permanently
      modifies both male and female reproductive function. This study evaluated the
      influence of exogenous estrogen administered during this time on the hypothalamic
      LHRH content and on gonadotropin secretion in adult male and female rats. LHRH
      content in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) and midhypothalamic (MH)
      areas of neonatally estrogenized rats (1 mg on postpartum day 2) and of control
      male and female rats during the estrous cycle was determined by radioimmunoassay
      between 80 and 90 days of age. LHRH content was significantly greater in the
      PO/AH of neonatally estrogenized females than in estrogenized males whereas no
      differences in LHRH content of the PO/AH existed between control male and female
      rats. Neonatal administration of estrogen resulted in increased LHRH content in
      the MH of female rats and decreased LHRH content in male rats, as in the PO/AH;
      however, these differences were less marked in the MH and not statistically
      significant. The marked increase in serum LH concentration present in control
      cycling females in proestrus was abolished by neonatal estrogen treatment.
      Exposure to neonatal estrogen reduced FSH concentrations in males. The data are
      consistent with the concept that the hypothalamic-pituitary system is modified by
      estrogen circulating during the period of sexual differentiation. LHRH synthesis
      and release appear to be directly modified by neonatal estrogen. The effects of
      neonatal estrogen treatment in the PO/AH and MH areas may possibly involve two
      disparate types of alterations of developing LHRH neurons which modulate
      gonadotropin secretion in the adult rat.

PMID- 6420720
TI  - Actions of midazolam in the spinal cord of the cat.
AB  - Midazolam, which induces anaesthesia in humans at intravenous doses of 0.3 mg/kg,
      did not anaesthetize cats at doses of 20 mg/kg. Nevertheless, intravenous doses
      as small as 0.3 mg/kg enhanced spinal primary afferent depolarization and
      presynaptic inhibition of spinal monosynaptic reflexes, and both intravenous and
      microelectrophoretic administration of midazolam enhanced the inhibitory effect
      of GABA on spinal neurones and the depolarization of Ia afferent terminations by
      GABA and piperidine-4-sulphonate. Some degree of specificity was demonstrated for
      the inhibitory effect of GABA in relation to those of glycine and noradrenaline,
      and the enhancement by midazolam of inhibition by GABA was blocked by R015-1788,
      which alone was inactive. Although these results are consistent with proposals
      that depressant benzodiazepines enhance the effectiveness of GABA as a central
      transmitter, such an effect alone may not fully account for the anaesthesia
      produced by midazolam in humans.

PMID- 6420721
TI  - Alteration of morphine withdrawal to naloxone by interferon.
AB  - The opiate abstinence syndrome represents a fundamental feature of the addictive
      process. The present study demonstrated that: 1) recombinant leukocyte A
      Interferon (alpha-IFN) injection prior to chronic morphine treatment reduces
      addiction liability; and 2) alpha-IFN and not human gamma-IFN injection to
      morphine dependent rats significantly modifies the naloxone-induced abstinence
      syndrome in a characteristic dose response manner. Two hypotheses concerning
      IFN's action were discussed.

PMID- 6420722
TI  - Comparative histological and radiographic effects of CO2 laser versus standard
      surgical anterior cervical discectomy in the dog.
AB  - The use of the CO2 laser in the extirpation of selected intracranial and spinal
      tumors has been shown to be of great benefit. The role of the CO2 laser as
      applied to other neurosurgical procedures has not been adequately explored or
      defined. The authors have compared the radiological and histological effects of
      performing anterior cervical discectomy with the CO2 laser to those of performing
      it by standard operative technique. Groups of laboratory dogs underwent anterior
      cervical discectomy performed in both operative fashions. The animals were killed
      and the operated disc spaces were examined radiographically and microscopically.
      Observations were made 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 weeks postoperatively. Based upon these
      radiographic and microscopic evaluations, the authors were able to draw certain
      conclusions with respect to the use of the CO2 laser in performing anterior
      cervical discectomy.

PMID- 6420723
TI  - Effect of microsurgical and carbon dioxide and argon laser resection on
      recurrence of the intracerebral 9L rat gliosarcoma.
AB  - The intracerebral 9L rat brain tumor was resected from 38 rats with the use of
      standard microsurgical techniques, the carbon dioxide laser, or the argon laser.
      The extent of resection was evaluated by histological examination, and the effect
      on survival of the three methods was compared. All three methods achieved
      histologically verifiable gross total resection, and tumor recurrence after
      resection by all three methods occurred at the same rate.

PMID- 6420724
TI  - Compressive myelopathy associated with type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux
      Lamy syndrome).
AB  - Spinal cord compression with resultant myelopathy is a frequent occurrence in
      patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. Etiological factors include developmental
      abnormalities of the cervical spine and infiltration of the dura mater by the
      accumulated products of mucopolyssacharide metabolism. Compression at the
      thoracolumbar junction is rare, but was found in a child with the characteristic
      physical and biochemical stigmata of the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
      (mucopolysaccharidosis VI). An anterolateral approach to remove the compressing
      bony elements resulted in symptomatic improvement. Careful radiological
      evaluation is required so that all surgical options can be considered. Patients
      with metabolic storage diseases and the capacity for normal intellectual function
      warrant aggressive surgical care to optimize neurological function.

PMID- 6420725
TI  - Neuropathology of experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (263 K
      strain of scrapie in golden Syrian hamsters). I. Standard pathology and
      development of lesions.

PMID- 6420726
TI  - [Treatment of Zenker's diverticulum today].

PMID- 6420727
TI  - [Importance of intravenous hyperalimentation in the pre- and post-operative
      treatment of patients with intestinal inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 6420728
TI  - [Zenker's diverticulum review of a case load].

PMID- 6420729
TI  - Effects of chemical additives on functional innervation patterns in mouse spinal
      cord-ganglion explants in serum-free medium.
AB  - The distribution of sensory evoked bioelectric activity was examined in spinal
      cord-dorsal root ganglion (SC-DRG) preparations cultured in a chemically defined,
      serum-free medium (CDM). DRG afferents showed no preferential innervation of
      dorsal cord regions in this CDM, on the basis of electrophysiological mapping of
      the distribution of evoked responses at 4 weeks in vitro. Addition of chondroitin
      sulfate, galactose-1-phosphate or D(+)-galactose (but not glucose-1-phosphate) to
      the CDM resulted in a significant increase in presumed monosynaptic connections
      within the dorsal cord, thus mimicking the results observed in serum-supplemented
      medium [1,6]. Inasmuch as D(+)-galactose bears no negative charges yet restores
      the selective functional innervation, whereas glucose-1-phosphate (a highly
      charged molecule) fails to do so, it is concluded that it is galactose
      utilization, rather than the charged nature of the chondroitin sulfate and
      galactose-1-phosphate molecules, which is responsible for the effect.

PMID- 6420730
TI  - Inhibition by DN-1417 (a TRH derivative) of [3H]GABA binding in the rat brain.
AB  - The administration of DN-1417, a synthetic derivative of TRH with more potent
      central action, significantly reduced specific [3H]GABA binding in the
      cerebellum, whereas [3H]GABA binding in the cerebral cortex was not changed.
      Scatchard analysis showed that the decreased [3H]GABA binding in the cerebellum
      was due to decreased binding sites of both high and low affinities. [3H]GABA
      binding to brain synaptic membranes was not affected by the addition of either
      TRH or DN-1417 in vitro. These findings suggest that TRH may play a role in
      regulating GABA receptors in the rat cerebellum.

PMID- 6420731
TI  - Carbon dioxide uncouples dye-coupled neuronal aggregates in neocortical slices.
AB  - Lucifer Yellow was injected intracellularly into neurons in slices of guinea pig
      visual cortex. Dye coupling incidence was significantly decreased in slices that
      were incubated in a high concentration of carbon dioxide. This effect was
      probably due to intracellular acidification, since exposure to impermeant acid
      was not effective. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that carbon
      dioxide interferes with dye coupling in neocortex through its known action as an
      uncoupler of electronic coupling through gap junctions.

PMID- 6420732
TI  - Abnormal activity of adenylate cyclase in the Drosophila memory mutant rutabaga.
AB  - The activity of adenylate cyclase in homogenates prepared from the Drosophila
      memory mutant rutabaga is lower than normal. The effect is most pronounced in
      washed membranes prepared from the abdomen, in which the enzyme displays both a
      lower Vmax and a higher Km. Analysis of the effect of divalent cations suggests a
      lesion in the responsiveness of the enzyme to Mg2+. Studies of adenylate cyclase
      in rutabaga may potentially pinpoint a subpopulation of the enzyme which may
      prove relevant to molecular mechanisms underlying conditioning.

PMID- 6420733
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine-thyrotropin releasing hormone interactions in the spinal
      cord: effects on parameters of sexual behaviour in the male rat.
AB  - In the studies of sexual behaviour in male rats reported here, intrathecal
      administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) together with thyrotropin releasing
      hormone (TRH) caused a marked and specific increase in mount and intromission
      latencies. In contrast, injection of either of the two compounds alone elicited
      only minor effects. These findings are discussed in relation to the co-existence
      of 5-HT and TRH in nerve endings in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
      originating in supraspinal, medullary nuclei.

PMID- 6420734
TI  - The ABC's of total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6420735
TI  - Haemophilia, blood products and AIDS.

PMID- 6420736
TI  - Suburethral diverticulum in the female.

PMID- 6420737
TI  - Improvement of cervical factor by high-dose estrogen and human menopausal
      gonadotropin therapy with ultrasound monitoring.
AB  - Conventional treatment of the cervical factor has proved unsuccessful, with
      fertility rates under 30% usually quoted. Low-dose estrogen has been one of the
      main therapies but carries the complication of ovulation interference. It is
      hypothesized that higher doses of estrogen would improve mucus but would have an
      even greater adverse effect on ovulation. However, the latter could be obviated
      by concomitant use of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). The hMG would then be
      monitored by pelvic ultrasound because the ingested estrogen would interfere with
      estrogen assays. Eighty-two percent of 34 infertile women with no motile sperm on
      baseline postcoital tests improved their levels after therapy with this high-dose
      estrogen hMG technique. To date, 56% of these women for whom therapy had
      previously failed have conceived. Nevertheless, simpler and less expensive
      techniques should be used initially.

PMID- 6420738
TI  - [Experimental study of the efficacy of ftorafur phonophoresis in simulated
      allergic uveitis].

PMID- 6420739
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on laryngeal reflex apnea--implications for sudden infant
      death.
AB  - Apnea was elicited by the application of chemical stimuli to the laryngeal region
      of 25 piglets from 1 to 70 days of age. Animals were tested under normoxic and
      hypoxic (Flo2 10%) conditions with water and solutions of graded acid and salt
      concentration. The chemoreflex was found to diminish with postnatal age. Fatal
      apneic episodes were confined to animals less than 3 weeks of age. Hypoxia
      consistently augmented the reflex, and in some cases elicited fatal apnea in
      animals that had survived similar stimulation under normoxic conditions. A direct
      relationship was also found between the strength of stimulus and respiratory
      response. Apnea increased with diminishing NaCl concentration or pH. The reflex
      was abolished by bilateral section of the superior laryngeal nerves. Fatal apnea
      elicited by laryngeal chemo-stimulation under the circumstance of hypoxia may
      provide further insight into the enigma of sudden infant death.

PMID- 6420740
TI  - Airway obstruction in aortic arch anomalies.
AB  - Tracheoesophageal compression by aortic arch anomalies is rare. Nevertheless, one
      must keep this entity in mind because it is associated with significant
      morbidity. Although it is generally agreed that the barium swallow shows when an
      abnormal vessel is compressing the esophagus, the literature disagrees on whether
      a bronchoscopy is needed in the evaluation of these patients. Not uncommonly the
      symptoms of airway obstruction persist after surgery resolves the anatomic
      defect. To provide a basis for postoperative comparison, we propose that all
      patients with suspected aortic arch anomalies undergo endoscopy just before their
      operation. A series of 26 cases of aortic arch anomalies affecting the airway,
      seen over a period of 29 years, is presented. A discussion of the clinical
      presentation, the diagnostic and bronchoscopic findings, and the results of
      surgical treatment are presented in addition to a brief embryologic and anatomic
      discussion. A case illustrating the value of preoperative and postoperative
      bronchoscopy is presented.

PMID- 6420741
TI  - Tracheal reconstruction with a pleuroperiosteal flap.
AB  - Reconstruction of extensive tracheal defects remains a difficult surgical
      problem. In many experiments restoration of tracheal mucosa by autogenous or
      homologous soft tissue grafts has usually failed because of rejection or tracheal
      obstruction. This experimental work employed a two-stage surgical procedure that
      allowed reconstruction of extensive circumferential full-thickness defects of the
      trachea. Stage I involved the creation of a vascularized pleuroperiosteal flap
      that was formed into a rigid tube around a Silastic stent. Stage II consisted of
      creation of a full-thickness circumferential tracheal defect and repair with the
      flap in those animals in which a suitable rigid tube had been formed. The results
      of these experiments argue strongly that a vascularized composite
      pleuroperiosteal flap can produce an adequate tracheal replacement.

PMID- 6420742
TI  - Pharyngoesophageal perforations after blunt trauma to the neck.
AB  - The neck with cartilaginous framework left intact still requires a high index of
      suspicion of a pharyngoesophageal perforation after blunt trauma. If the
      diagnosis is missed and/or prompt surgical drainage of the perforation is
      delayed, increased morbidity from deep neck abscesses and/or death may result.
      This is the first reported series of pharyngoesophageal perforations that follow
      blunt trauma. On the basis of this clinical experience and the literature, I have
      formulated a treatment protocol for upper aerodigestive tract perforations
      secondary to blunt trauma.

PMID- 6420743
TI  - Comparison of two voice prostheses for vocal restoration following laryngectomy.
AB  - Two prostheses for voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy were compared. A
      comparison was also made to evaluate the interchangeability of the two prostheses
      (Panje button and Blom-Singer duckbill) when only a single tracheoesophageal
      fistula was made. Fourteen laryngectomized patients were included in the study.
      Factors taken into account were voice quality, intelligibility, surgical
      technique, ease of insertion of the prostheses, patient preference, and care of
      each device. It was concluded that the Panje button in a Blom-Singer fistula
      offered better results when voice quality was compared. Patient selectivity is a
      factor important to the high success rate reported for voice restoration when
      either prosthesis is used. The development and success of these new prostheses is
      highlighted in a brief review of the literature.

PMID- 6420744
TI  - Practical techniques of office voice recording.
AB  - Advances in restoration and preservation of voice necessitate adequate
      documentation of changes in patients' voices. Magnetic sound recording currently
      offers the best means for such documentation, and it can be performed in an
      office setting. An outline of equipment needs and recording protocols is given.

PMID- 6420745
TI  - Histamine-evoked nasal secretion in the dog.
AB  - Nasal secretory activity was measured in seven dogs in response to topical
      stimulation by histamine and methacholine. The methacholine response was blocked
      by atropine but not by chlorpheniramine. The histamine response was blocked by
      chlorpheniramine but not by atropine. These results suggest that there are two
      independent mechanisms of nasal secretion in the dog.

PMID- 6420746
TI  - Effect of chemoreceptor and pulmonary receptor stimulation on dilator nares EMG
      activity in the dog.
AB  - To define the relationship between central control of upper airway muscles and
      respiratory muscle function, the electromyographic responses of the dilator nares
      muscles to stimulation of chemoreceptors and pulmonary receptors were studied in
      six anesthetized dogs. Only at maximal levels of hypoxia was the inspiratory
      activity of the dilator nares significantly increased. Hypercapnic stimulation
      increased the inspiratory activity with each incremental increase in CO2.
      Pulmonary stretch receptor stimulation produced by lung inflation inhibited
      dilator nares activity. Pulmonary irritant receptor stimulation by intravenously
      administered histamine increased dilator nares activity, as did pulmonary J
      receptor stimulation by the intravenous administration of capsaicin.

PMID- 6420747
TI  - Viral and epidemiologic studies of idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
AB  - The relationship between viral seroconversions and idiopathic sudden hearing loss
      (ISHL) is studied. Compared with our control group, the incidence of viral
      seroconversions is greater among ISHL patients, both for single and multiple
      viral infections. There was a significantly greater number of patients with
      seroconversions to mumps, rubeola, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, and
      influenza B. We were unable to find a relationship between viral seroconversion
      and type or degree of hearing loss, vertigo, or chance for recovery. The
      incidences of viral conversion and sudden hearing loss track one another closely,
      suggesting that viral infection is a major cause of ISHL. During this 3-year
      study in Boston, ISHL was most prevalent in the spring.

PMID- 6420748
TI  - Tympanic membrane perforations from water sports: treatment and outcome.
AB  - A study of 15 patients with 17 tympanic membrane perforations resulting from
      water sports was carried out. Most small perforations healed spontaneously.
      Perforations that persisted after 8 weeks were treated surgically, usually with
      the office paper patch procedure. A frequent history of middle ear problems in
      these patients suggests that middle ear dysfunction may play a role in the
      occurrence and delayed healing of traumatic perforations.

PMID- 6420749
TI  - Perilymph fistulas in infants and children.
AB  - During the years 1975 through 1981 we performed exploratory tympanotomies on 33
      infants and children (44 ears) to verify the presumptive diagnosis of perilymph
      fistula (PLF). A PLF was identified at the round window, oval window, or both in
      29 (66%) of the 44 ears explored. After surgery hearing was unchanged in 86%,
      improved in 5%, and worsened in 9% of the ears in which PLFs had been observed.
      Complaints of vertigo subsided in all children in whom a PLF was repaired.
      Preoperative factors determined to be highly suggestive of the presence of a PLF
      included the following: sudden onset of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL),
      congenital deformities of the head, and abnormal findings on tomograms of the
      temporal bones, especially Mondini-like inner ear dysplasias. Middle ear
      abnormalities (primarily congenital) were observed in 20 of the 44 ears. Abnormal
      results of preoperative vestibular function studies, which included a fistula
      test, and sex were not consistently found to be associated with an observed PLF
      at tympanotomy.

PMID- 6420750
TI  - Evoked electromyography and idiopathic facial paralysis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to standardize and evaluate the results of evoked
      electromyography (EEMG) in normal patients and in patients with acute idiopathic
      facial paralysis. A comparison of the amplitude of response to EEMG from one side
      of the face to the other in 288 normal patients yielded a great variability in
      results. The amplitude difference was not greater than 50%, and therefore a
      difference of less than 50% was considered normal. Test-retest variability of the
      percentage difference in amplitude in 10 subjects showed a 10% variation in seven
      patients and up to a 20% variation in the remaining three patients. Fifty
      patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis were seen within 14 days of
      onset. A favorable prognosis was based on an EEMG amplitude of more than 25% of
      the normal side. With this criterion EEMG was accurate in predicting complete
      recovery in 36 (92%) of 39 patients. When EEMG was 25% of normal or less,
      incomplete recovery occurred in 9 (82%) of 11 patients. The response was 0% to
      10% in six patients; four had a poor recovery and the remaining two had a fair
      recovery. The technique, interpretation of results, avoidance of pitfalls, and
      shortcomings of this test are discussed.

PMID- 6420751
TI  - Auditory brain stem response and audiologic tests in idiopathic facial nerve
      paralysis.
AB  - Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis is believed by some to represent one aspect of
      a polyneuropathy. Conventional audiologic tests have not demonstrated involvement
      of the auditory portion of the eighth cranial nerve in this disorder. A case
      history is given of a patient with this disorder and an associated abnormal
      auditory brain stem response (ABR). Our study involved onetime evaluations of 17
      patients with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of varying durations. Each
      examination included clinical presentation and history, an audiogram, acoustic
      reflex, and ABR. Another patient had abnormal acoustic reflex test results
      ("unibox" pattern) suggestive of a brain stem lesion. On reexamination concurrent
      recovery of the paralysis and acoustic reflex was demonstrated. No auditory
      system disturbances secondary to the paralysis were detectable by ABR in this
      survey. The concurrent recovery of the "unibox" acoustic reflex and the facial
      paralysis suggests the association of a brain stem lesion with idiopathic facial
      nerve paralysis in this case.

PMID- 6420752
TI  - Posttraumatic frontal and frontoethmoid mucoceles causing reversible visual loss.

PMID- 6420753
TI  - Neurilemoma of the sphenoid sinus.

PMID- 6420754
TI  - Aspergillosis of the sphenoid sinus presenting as orbital pseudotumor.

PMID- 6420755
TI  - Tracheal carcinoma obscured by an endotracheal tube.

PMID- 6420756
TI  - Four separate and simultaneous pharyngolaryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

PMID- 6420758
TI  - Corticosteroids in otolaryngology: intraturbinal injection.
AB  - Intranasal corticosteroid injection is not a panacea and in the usual sense never
      effects a "cure." However, it does effectively, rapidly, and for a prolonged
      period alleviate distressing symptoms that are common in rhinologic practice. It
      is a procedure that demands attention to patient selection for its proper use,
      and careful technique for its safe use. When properly employed, intranasal
      corticosteroid injection can be one of the most effective clinical tools
      available to the rhinologist today.

PMID- 6420757
TI  - Topical steroids in nasal disease.

PMID- 6420759
TI  - Study of ectopic bone formation in experimental spinal cord injured rabbits.
AB  - There was no significant difference of incidence of ectopic bone formation
      between paraplegic rabbits and non-paraplegic rabbits under the same
      immobilization and passive movement of the posterior legs. This result suggests
      that ectopic bone may be produced by forcible passive movement of paralytic legs,
      as legs of paraplegic patients are in an immobilized condition because of the
      paralysis. Enchondral ossification was significantly observed histologically more
      frequently in paraplegic rabbits than in non-paraplegic rabbits. We suspect that
      the reason may be because the paralytic legs are poorly oxygenated because of
      blood stasis.

PMID- 6420760
TI  - Osseous metaplasia: a late pathological finding within the scar tissue formed
      following spinal injury.
AB  - A total of 17 cordectomy specimens and 22 post mortem specimens from long
      survival spinal injury patients were reviewed. Bone formation within the scar
      tissue was found in 28.5 per cent of cases. The evidence suggests that this is
      metaplastic bone formed within dense collagenous scar tissue. The significance of
      this osseous metaplasia is discussed.

PMID- 6420761
TI  - [Criteria for polyamine assimilation after enteral tube administration in the
      white rat].

PMID- 6420762
TI  - Total intravenous hyperalimentation (TIH) complications in childhood: a
      radiological survey.
AB  - Sixty consecutive patients, except for one 7-year-old patient, their ages varying
      from 1 day to 12 months received total intravenous hyperalimentation (TIH). It
      was possible to observe non-pathological catheter malpositions and, in 14
      patients, other complications. The most serious complications observed included
      the following: thrombus and pericatheter thrombus calcification; superior vena
      cava thrombotic occlusion; hydrothorax; mediastinal effusion; generalized septic
      arthritis; venous transfixion with flooding of the soft tissues of the neck; vein
      wall lesions; collateral vertebral circulation; and a catheter tip blocked in
      vein. A brief comment is given on the use of this procedure and what may happen.

PMID- 6420763
TI  - [Detection of Koch's bacilli in children with tuberculosis].

PMID- 6420764
TI  - Disseminated fungal infections in very low-birth-weight infants: clinical
      manifestations and epidemiology.
AB  - In 1979 and 1980, an apparent increase in the occurrence of disseminated fungal
      infections was observed. The clinical features of such infections in very low
      birth weight infants are poorly described, and diagnosis is often delayed. Over a
      24-month period, a discrete group of ten clinically diagnosed and four autopsy
      diagnosed cases of systemic fungal infections in very low-birth-weight infants
      was observed. Prior to developing systemic fungal illness, these infants required
      prolonged total parenteral nutrition, central arterial or venous catheters, and
      multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics for documented or suspected
      bacterial sepsis. The clinically diagnosed disseminated fungal infection (ten
      infants) was noted at a mean age of 33 days with one or more of the following:
      respiratory deterioration, abdominal distension, guaiac positive stools,
      carbohydrate intolerance, candiduria, endophthalmitis, meningitis, abscesses,
      erythematous rash, temperature instability, and hypotension. These signs and
      symptoms were seen as chronic or were intermittent in clinical course. In
      contrast, the autopsy-diagnosed disseminated fungal infection (four infants) was
      present at an earlier age with fewer recognizable predisposing factors and a more
      acute onset of infection. Nevertheless, in both groups the diagnosis of systemic
      candidal infection was delayed, due to an inability to consistently recover the
      organism from blood, CSF, or urine. The neonatologist caring for the very low
      birth-weight infant needs to become more aware of these clinical entities. A high
      index of suspicion and ancillary diagnostic evaluation, such as retinoscopy or
      tissue biopsy, may be indicated in the critically ill, culture-negative patient.

PMID- 6420765
TI  - Right atrial thrombus and superior vena cava syndrome in a child.
AB  - Complications of central venous catheterization are well described. They include
      right atrial thrombosis and superior vena cava syndrome resulting from impaired
      venous drainage. Such complications are normally observed while the catheter is
      in place. They are often transient, resolving upon catheter removal. A patient
      with recurrent signs of superior vena caval obstruction 1 1/2 years after removal
      of the central venous catheter is described. The obstruction was determined to be
      intermittent and functionally related to elevated cardiac output due, in turn, to
      anemia. This patient was also found to have a calcific right atrial thrombus
      which was not obstructive.

PMID- 6420766
TI  - Marasmus in a 17-month-old Laotian: impact of folk beliefs on health.

PMID- 6420767
TI  - [Platelet phospholipids and function of the platelet membrane].

PMID- 6420768
TI  - [Description of a family with 3 brothers with X-linked mental retardation and
      fragile site Xq 27 der mat].

PMID- 6420769
TI  - [Sanfilippo's disease of type B. Study of the enzymatic deficiency in a family].

PMID- 6420770
TI  - [Continuous perfusion of insulin in the treatment of acidoketotic coma in
      children].
AB  - Ketoacidosis is still a frequent complication as far as our diabetic patients are
      concerned. The insulin regimen during this acute diabetic ketoacidosis was, until
      October 1981, administered at the start, half intravenously and half
      intramuscularly, then discontinuously every four hours, subcutaneously, according
      to the rate of glucose and acetoacetate. Since then, a new method has been used
      for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis providing a continuous perfusion
      without pumps, of insulin, glucose and electrolytes. The authors describe their
      experience, using this technique on ten children admitted to hospital because of
      severe diabetic ketoacidosis. A certain number of parameters and the evolution
      were studied. The glycemia graph shows a more harmonious and regular
      normalisation, urinary ketosis disappears within 8 and 24 hours (with an average
      of 16,22 h). The next step that consists in administering mixed insulin is taken
      between the 16th and 48th hours (with an average of 25,42 h). Two hypoglycemia
      have been reported contrary to the statements of other authors. Furthermore,
      these parameters were compared to those of 10 children submitted to the classical
      regimen. The authors conclude that a continuous perfusion presents a better
      method with approximately similar results, and its use is much simpler both for
      the patient and for the staff.

PMID- 6420771
TI  - [Economic factors for evaluation of health care - concept analysis].

PMID- 6420772
TI  - Adenovirus DNA synthesized in the presence of aphidicolin.
AB  - Adenovirus types 2 and 5 DNA synthesized in vivo and in vitro in the presence of
      aphidicolin were studied. Inhibition of adenoviral DNA synthesis by aphidicolin
      was only 70% even at a concentration of 30 micrograms/ml of aphidicolin, at which
      the cellular DNA synthesis was completely inhibited. When initiation of the viral
      DNA synthesis was synchronized with hydroxyurea and labeled with [3H]thymidine
      for 60 min, the viral DNA synthesized in the presence of 30 micrograms/ml of
      aphidicolin was not of full length (35 kb) but small (approximately 12 kb) by
      analysis of alkaline sucrose density gradient centrifugation. When initiation of
      the viral DNA synthesis was not synchronized, the viral DNAs ranging from full
      size to 12 kb were synthesized in the presence of aphidicolin, indicating that
      the nascent DNAs longer than about 12 kb can continue to elongate in the presence
      of aphidicolin. This 12 kb DNA was not derived from the degradation products of
      newly synthesized full size adenoviral DNA. The viral DNA synthesis was restored
      and the full size of adenoviral DNA was attained within 15 min following removal
      of aphidicolin. About 20% of the entire viral genome length from the 5'-end was
      not inhibited by aphidicolin, while the synthesis of interior fragments of the
      adenoviral DNA was markedly inhibited by aphidicolin, judging from the
      electrophoretic pattern on neutral agarose gel after digestion of DNA with Hind
      III. These results indicate that aphidicolin inhibits adenoviral DNA replication
      at the internal region located approximately 20-30% from both terminals.

PMID- 6420773
TI  - Structural analysis of bovine mitochondrial tRNASer (AGY).
AB  - Mitochondrial serine tRNA lacking D stem (anticodon AGY) was purified from bovine
      cardiac muscle in the mg order. The nucleotide sequence was identical to that
      reported previously, with t6A adjacent to the 3' end of anticodon (Arcari, P. and
      Brownlee, G.G. (1980) Nucleic Acids Res. 8 5207-5212). The procedures for large
      scale preparation and some properties of this tRNASer are reported.

PMID- 6420774
TI  - The influence of salt concentration on CD spectra of tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetase.
AB  - The CD spectra of serine tRNA or seryl-tRNA synthetase were measured. The [theta]
      values at 210 nm were minimum at 50mM - 0.2M NaCl, at that concentration the
      velocity of aminoacylation was maximum. This results suggest that A . U and G . C
      base pairs loosened. The [theta] values at 200 nm decreased according to the
      decreasing of salt concentration, suggesting the decomposition of A . U base
      pairs. The CD spectra of seryl-tRNA synthetase at 210-240 nm were not changed in
      the range of 10mM-0.3M NaCl but the spectra at 260-290 nm showed minimum in the
      range between 50mM-0.2M NaCl. These results suggest that the influence of salt
      concentration on the velocity of aminoacylation depends on both the
      conformational changes of tRNA and seryl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 6420775
TI  - NMR studies on the new cluster complexes between 5'-nucleotides and uranyl ions.
      Structure and dynamic equilibria in alkaline aqueous solution.
AB  - Structures of the equimolar uranyl complexes of various 5'-nucleotides, such as
      AMP, GMP, UMP, and CMP, were extensively studied by high-field proton NMR
      spectroscopy. The unambiguous assignment of the proton resonances was established
      by correlating with the C-13 NMR spectrum of the complex from [N-15]AMP, which
      showed a doublet for the C-1' carbon signal due to the spin coupling with N-15 (N
      9). Uranyl-nucleotide complexes were found to be the mixture of several
      oligomeric species having a common structural unit. The primary coordination
      sites of the uranyl ion were phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl oxygens, but no
      interaction was observed for the bases. The major oligomer at a high pH (above
      11) was a cage-like octamer, and two isomeric cyclic tetramers predominated at a
      lower pH (below 10).

PMID- 6420776
TI  - Construction of expression plasmids producing high levels of human immuno
      interferon in E. coli.
AB  - Improved expression vectors have been constructed which are derived from runaway
      replication mutants of plasmid pYM307 and carry the strong hybrid promoter tac
      with lac iq gene. The activity of this promoter is controlled by lac repressor,
      product of the lac iq gene. Heat induction leads to amplification of the plasmid
      copy number. This system was used for high level expression of the chemically
      synthesized gene for human immune interferon (hIFN-7). 3 h after induction at 37
      degrees C the hIFN-7 amounted to about 20% of total cellular proteins.

PMID- 6420777
TI  - Computers and nursing education in the 1980s.

PMID- 6420778
TI  - DRGs and RIMs: implications for nursing.

PMID- 6420779
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen
      in bronchial asthma and their effect on blood histamine and polymyxin-induced
      bronchial spasm].

PMID- 6420780
TI  - [Role of arachidonic acid (ETE) and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of
      bronchial spasm. I. Metabolites formed under the effect of cyclooxygenase].

PMID- 6420781
TI  - [Non-secretory myeloma--clinical data and immunologic studies].

PMID- 6420782
TI  - [Long-term home oxygen therapy in obstructive bronchial diseases].

PMID- 6420783
TI  - Cluster headache with trigeminal neuralgia. An uncommon association that may be
      more than coincidental.
AB  - Cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) share a common pattern
      of exacerbation and remission of pain that is described in similar terms by
      patients. Although the treatment of these conditions is markedly different, the
      results of adequate prophylaxis can be extremely impressive in both. The
      physician who treats headache patients should be aware of the common
      characteristics of each condition and of the possibility of their concomitant
      occurrence.

PMID- 6420784
TI  - Chronic and acute asthma. Keys to successful management.
AB  - The goal of chronic asthma management is to maintain maximal bronchodilation,
      which is achieved by regular monitoring of ventilatory function and by use of
      bronchodilators. A trial of corticosteroid is justified if symptoms are not
      controlled and marked improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second is
      not achieved by appropriate use of bronchodilating agents. Corticosteroids should
      also be used if symptoms exacerbate. If hospitalization is required, a more
      rigorous therapeutic program, which may involve oxygenation, aminophylline and/or
      corticosteroid administration, fluid therapy, and ventilatory support, should be
      instituted.

PMID- 6420785
TI  - [Respiratory quotient and ventilation regulation in patients with chronic
      bronchitis during exertion and rest].

PMID- 6420786
TI  - [Determination of lysine amidase and alpha-aminocaprolactam hydrolase activities
      in cell-free extracts of Cryptococcus sp].
AB  - he methods for detecting two activities, i. e. lysine amidase and alpha
      aminocaprolactam hydrolase ones, in crude extracts of Cryptococcus sp. are
      described. The method for registering lysine amidase activity is based on the
      ability of Cu(II) complex to absorb at 230 nm. The products of lysine and alpha
      aminocaprolactam interactions with o-phthalaldehyde in the presence of
      mercaptoethanol possess different molar absorption at 340 nm. This fact was used
      for detecting alpha-aminocaprolactam hydrolase activity. The main merit of the
      methods is the possibility to register the data on the course of the reaction
      without preliminary chromatographic separation of the reaction products and
      reactants. The methods proposed do not require expensive enzymes, such as lysine
      decarboxylase and lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate-epsilon-aminotransferase, which are
      used for the quantitative estimation of lysine.

PMID- 6420787
TI  - [Permeability of root canal walls enlarged for post anchorage in permanent
      incisors, canine and premolar teeth].

PMID- 6420788
TI  - Mice completely suppressed for the expression of immunoglobulin kappa light
      chain.
AB  - Complete suppression of expression of immunoglobulin kappa light chain was
      achieved by injecting female mice from birth with a mixture of antisera against
      the mu heavy chain and kappa light chain (anti-mu and anti-kappa). Then their
      offspring were injected with anti-kappa from birth. This resulted in stable
      suppression as long as anti-kappa injections were continued. kappa light chain
      was not detectable either in serum or at the cellular level. The number of B
      cells in spleen and the concentration of immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in
      serum were normal. The normal levels were achieved by a compensating enhancement
      of lambda light chain expression. Analysis of the light chains of immunoglobulins
      secreted by spleen cells from suppressed mice after liposaccharide stimulation by
      two-dimensional gels showed lambda chain to have a limited heterogeneity. Primary
      responses to dinitrophenol, influenza strain A, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      were drastically affected, whereas secondary responses appeared to be quite
      normal, suggesting a surprisingly large potential repertoire.

PMID- 6420789
TI  - Use of the Escherichia coli lac repressor and operator to control gene expression
      in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The Escherichia coli lac operator has been placed on the 3' side of the promoter
      for the penicillinase gene of Bacillus licheniformis, creating a hybrid promoter
      controllable by the E. coli lac repressor. The E. coli lac repressor gene has
      been placed under the control of a promoter and ribosome-binding site that allows
      expression in Bacillus subtilis. When the penicillinase gene that contains the
      lac operator is expressed in B. subtilis on a plasmid that also produces the lac
      repressor, the expression of the penicillinase gene can be modulated by isopropyl
      beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), an inducer of the lac operon in E. coli. A similar
      system was constructed from a promoter of the B. subtilis phage SPO-1 and the
      leukocyte interferon A gene, which allowed the controlled expression of
      interferon in B. subtilis. These two examples show that a functional control
      system can be introduced into B. subtilis from E. coli.

PMID- 6420790
TI  - Localization of the structural gene for human apolipoprotein A-I on the long arm
      of human chromosome 11.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apolipoprotein in human high density
      lipoproteins, is involved in the disease atherosclerosis. Cloned apo A-I cDNA
      (pA1-3) was used as a probe in chromosome mapping studies to detect the human apo
      A-I structural gene sequence in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. Southern blot
      analysis of 13 hybrids localized the gene to human chromosome 11. Confirmation of
      the chromosomal assignment was obtained by analysis of a hybrid (J1) containing a
      single human chromosome, no. 11. Regional mapping was achieved by using deletion
      subclones of J1 that localized the human apo A-I structural gene to the region
      11q13 leads to qter. Since the human apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) structural
      gene is closely linked to apo A-I, it can be assigned to the same region on the
      long arm of chromosome 11. By extension of methods previously described, it now
      appears possible to carry out fine-structure analysis of this and related gene
      regions on chromosome 11 and to study the biochemical concomitants of these genes
      and of genes on other chromosomes for analysis of their role in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6420791
TI  - Homoeosis in Drosophila: the ultrabithorax larval syndrome.
AB  - Recent results [Morata, G. & Kerridge, S. (1981) Nature (London) 290, 778-781]
      have shown that early Ultrabithorax- clones transform the posterior compartments
      of the adult meso- and metathoracic legs to prothorax. These transformations have
      not been seen in Ultrabithorax homozygous larvae, which are reported to show only
      transformations of the metathorax and the first abdominal segment to mesothorax
      [Lewis, E. B. (1978) Nature (London) 276, 565-570]. However, as the ventral
      surface of the larva does not exhibit sufficient markers to distinguish the
      posterior regions of these segments, cryptic larval transformations similar to
      those in the adult have been suggested (by Morata and Kerridge). We have further
      examined larvae of wild-type and various Ultrabithorax mutant genotypes, with
      particular attention to the dorsal surface. We find that Ultrabithorax homozygous
      larvae exhibit dorsal abnormalities consistent with transformations of the
      anterior metathorax and anterior first abdominal segment to mesothorax and of the
      posterior meso- and metathorax to prothorax as predicted by Morata and Kerridge;
      however, the posterior of the first abdominal segment remains untransformed. We
      suggest that in both larvae and adults the posterior first abdominal segment
      remains untransformed by Ultrabithorax mutations and that the unit of development
      with regard to the proximal bithorax complex consists of adjoining posterior and
      anterior compartments from neighboring segments rather than of segments
      themselves.

PMID- 6420792
TI  - Further evidence for a role of arachidonic acid in glucocorticoid teratogenic
      action in the palate.
AB  - Arachidonic acid produces a significant reversal of the production of cleft
      palate by cortisone in the offspring of sensitive strains of mice in vivo.
      Arachidonic acid in nanogram per milliliter concentrations also produces a
      significant reversal of the cortisol inhibition of the programmed cell death of
      the medial edge epithelium of palatal shelves in vitro. This corrective action of
      arachidonic acid in vitro is significantly blocked by indomethacin at a nanogram
      per milliliter concentration which selectively inhibits the conversion of
      arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and/or thromboxanes at the level of
      cyclooxygenase. These results support the hypothesis that the inhibition of
      arachidonic acid release and subsequent prostaglandin and/or thromboxane
      production by glucocorticoids is involved in the teratogenic action of
      glucocorticoids and demonstrate that one site of this action is the inhibition of
      epithelial loss.

PMID- 6420793
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in endotoxin-induced lung injury.
AB  - Endotoxin-induced lung injury has previously been shown to produce lesions that
      resemble emphysema morphologically and biochemically as demonstrated by the
      reduction in the content of lung elastin. The purpose of this study was to define
      the changes in one other connective tissue component, glycosaminoglycans, during
      the acute phase of the lung injury. Intravenous administration of a single dose
      of endotoxin in rats resulted in an increase in the total synthesis of
      glycosaminoglycans by the pulmonary parenchyma. There was a significant increase
      in the proportion of dermatan sulfate synthesized during the first 48 hr and a
      concomitant decrease in heparin/heparan sulfate synthesis. At 48 hr the increased
      synthesis of dermatan sulfate had reached 7.3 times control values and began to
      decline, whereas the synthesis of chondroitin-4-sulfate rose from 4.1 to 10.7
      times control values between 48 and 72 hr. Analysis of the rates of synthesis
      revealed that the total amount of heparin/heparan sulfate remained constant while
      the synthesis of chondroitin-6-sulfate increased proportionally to the overall
      synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. These findings indicate that dramatic changes in
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis are an integral part of endotoxin lung injury.

PMID- 6420794
TI  - Renal oxygen delivery and consumption during progressive hypoxemia in the
      anesthetized dog.
AB  - The relationship between renal oxygen delivery (RDO2) and function was evaluated
      during progressive hypoxemia. Seven anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs
      were given progressively lower oxygen concentrations to breathe while monitoring
      renal O2 consumption (RVO2), renal hemodynamic and excretory function. In
      addition, basal RVO2 was determined in three models of kidneys without
      filtration. RDO2 averaged 3648 mumole O2/min/100 g during normoxia. Basal RVO2
      averaged 100 mumole O2/min/100 g kidney while total RVO2 was 466 mumole
      O2/min/100 g kidney during normoxia, leaving 366 mumole O2/min/100 g consumed by
      those processes involved in tubular transport. During hypoxemia, all renal
      parameters were well maintained until the lowest PaO2 (24.2 Torr). At this level,
      total RVO2 and RDO2 were significantly reduced. However, RDO2 remained well above
      RVO2 throughout hypoxemia. The reduction in RVO2 was a direct result of decreased
      O2 demand, as glomerular filtration and tubular load were also reduced. This
      associated decrease in O2 demand and RVO2 was indicated by the fact that the
      renal (a - v)O2 difference remained low and unchanged (1.9 vol%), fractional
      sodium excretion was unchanged, and the ratio of tubular sodium reabsorption to
      RVO2 also remained unchanged (30.8 meq Na/mmole O2). It was concluded that
      hypoxemia, while reducing both RDO2 and RVO2 at the lowest PaO2 (24.2 Torr), did
      not functionally impair renal excretory function by limiting RDO2 to the tubular
      transport processes. A reduction in RBF is far more likely to compromise the RDO2
      needed to sustain basal and active transport processes than hypoxemia itself.

PMID- 6420795
TI  - The effects of ethanol on pancreatic blood flow in awake and anesthetized dogs.
AB  - The pathophysiology of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis is not clear. Ischemic
      injury has been suggested as a possible mechanism. To examine the effects of
      ethanol on pancreatic and splanchnic blood flow, measurements were made in
      fasted, conditioned awake dogs before and after iv infusion of ethanol (1.7
      g/kg). At 30 min blood ethanol concentration ranged between 60 and 150 mg/dl and
      at 60 min between 166 and 350 mg/dl. Although cardiac output, aortic pressure,
      left atrial pressure, and arterial pH did not change, pancreatic flow declined by
      39 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g, P less than 0.05 (from 173 +/- 10 ml/min/100 g) at 30 min
      and was still depressed (by 27 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g, P less than 0.05) at 60 min.
      Concomitantly, hepatic arterial flow increased. While hepatic and pancreatic flow
      changed inversely, the correlation (r = -0.17) of these changes was not
      significant. At comparable blood ethanol concentrations in pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs hepatic arterial flow increased by 11 +/- 3 ml/min/100 g, P
      less than 0.01 (from 24 +/- 5 ml/min/100 g), but pancreatic flow did not change.
      Thus, in the awake dog at blood levels that would produce mild to moderate
      alcoholic intoxication in man, ethanol reduces pancreatic flow. Although hepatic
      flow increases concomitantly, the relationship of these changes appears to be
      independent.

PMID- 6420796
TI  - Effects of a naturally occurring polyamine on acid secretion by isolated gastric
      mucosa.
AB  - Determination of the effects of spermine on acid secretion by isolated rabbit
      gastric mucosa shows paradoxical responses at neutral luminal pH. Initial
      inhibition of acid secretion was followed by a return to near basal rates.
      However, measurement of mucosal and serosal rates of CO2 release indicated that
      spermine causes prolonged inhibition of acid secretion. Similar prolonged
      inhibition is seen with mucosa exposed to an acidic luminal pH. The inhibitory
      effect of spermine is reversed by the addition of K+ to the mucosal side,
      suggesting spermine interferes with a K+ site at the secretory membrane. Serosal
      addition of spermine is without effect. The apparent acid secretory rebound
      phenomenon observed after the addition of spermine is most likely related to
      formation of H+ in the luminal bathing solution rather than proton secretion by
      the mucosa.

PMID- 6420797
TI  - Growth hormone and prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone and growth
      hormone releasing factor in the immature turkey.
AB  - Synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor (hpGRF) stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion in 6- to 9-week
      old turkeys in a dose-related manner. TRH and hpGRF (1 and 10 micrograms/kg,
      respectively) each produced a sixfold increase in circulating GH levels 10 min
      after iv injection. Neither TRH nor hpGRF caused a substantial change in
      prolactin (PRL) secretion in unrestrained turkeys sampled through intraatrial
      cannulas. However, some significant increases in PRL levels, possibly related to
      stress, were noted.

PMID- 6420798
TI  - D- and L-lactate catabolism to CO2 in rat tissues.
AB  - The current study was initiated in order to compare the rates of oxidative
      catabolism of D- and L-lactate in various rat tissues. Uniformly labeled D- or L
      [14C]lactate was incubated at 37 degrees C in a closed system with tissue
      homogenates in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer. Evolved 14CO2 was trapped in a
      center well containing a fluted filter paper saturated with strong base and the
      radioactivity determined. The ratio of L-lactate to D-lactate oxidation was
      greatest in brain, followed by kidney, heart, and liver. In liver the rate of
      oxidation of D-lactate exceeded that of L-lactate, in heart the rates were not
      significantly different and in the other two tissues L-lactate was oxidized more
      rapidly than D-lactate. These results indicate that the rate of D-lactate
      catabolism is considerable and is relatively greater than had been reported
      previously.

PMID- 6420799
TI  - Kinetics of serotonin uptake by the dog lung is pH independent in the
      physiological range.
AB  - Given the strong pH dependence of platelet serotonin uptake, the many
      similarities between platelet and pulmonary endothelial serotonin uptake and the
      potential importance of a pH dependence on the interpretation of changes in
      pulmonary endothelial serotonin uptake in diseased lungs, we examined the
      influence of pH on the kinetics of serotonin uptake in isolated dog lung lobes
      using a multiple indicator technique. A range of pH values from about 7.2 to 8.0
      were obtained by ventilating the lobes with gas containing different
      concentrations of CO2. Over the pH range studied, no significant changes in
      serotonin uptake were observed, nor were significant changes detected in the
      kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, for the uptake process. The lack of a
      significant pH effect represents a difference between platelet and lung
      endothelial serotonin uptake. It also indicates that correlations between PCO2
      and serotonin uptake which might occur in diseased lungs do not imply causality.

PMID- 6420800
TI  - In vitro human pharmacogenetics of reactive drug metabolite detoxification.

PMID- 6420801
TI  - The CO2 breath tests as monitors of the cytochrome P450 dependent mixed function
      monooxygenase system.
AB  - The CBT and ABT are simple to conduct and are sensitive, reproducible monitors of
      hepatic enzyme function. They monitor functional hepatic mass at the time the
      tests are conducted and are specific monitors of P1-450 and P-450 function. In
      the animal model, the breath test can be conducted repeatedly, thus making it
      easier to monitor hepatic enzyme function throughout the animal's development,
      during pregnancy, or before and after administration of xenobiotics. Because of
      this, the breath test requires fewer animals and less technician time than
      standard in vitro assays and reduces costs. The breath tests' simplicity,
      noninvasive nature, and safety (especially the CBT) combined with a high degree
      of sensitivity and reproducibility make them ideal for nontherapeutic clinical
      research in large numbers of humans, particularly in the pediatric patient, where
      risks must be almost negligible. The breath tests are especially well suited for
      the examination of the many-faceted relationships between xenobiotics and MFOS,
      and in particular those correlations which are unique concerns of developmental
      pharmacology and toxicology.

PMID- 6420802
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolites and the pulmonary circulation of fetus and newborn.

PMID- 6420803
TI  - Pulmonary vascular reactivity after acute lung injury.

PMID- 6420804
TI  - Metabolic arrest: the most effective means of protecting tissues against hypoxia.

PMID- 6420805
TI  - Effects of acute hypoxia on forearm leucine metabolism.

PMID- 6420806
TI  - Altitude adaptation: organisms without lungs.
AB  - Organisms which depend upon diffusive transfer for their external gas can, by
      structural modification, adjust to the increase of the diffusion coefficient at
      altitude. In avian eggs, reduced water loss is achieved by a reduction of the
      pore area which matches the increase in diffusivity so that the functional
      conductance remains similar to that at sea level and presumably prevents
      dessication of the embryo. What modifications occur in the tracheal system of
      insects is not known. In plants there are observations of increased as well as
      decreased conductance at altitude which at least appear to rule out temperature
      and partial pressure of the ambient CO2 as chief determinants for altering the
      conductance (8). In organisms with convective transport systems, changes in the
      environment and metabolic demands are satisfied by appropriate changes in
      ventilation. In organisms with diffusive gas transport, the response is provided
      by structural changes. Such changes, however, do not result in equivalent
      transfer rates for all the gases, since the diffusion coefficients for CO2, O2
      and water vapor differ by a ratio of 0.78 : 1.0 : 1.2, respectively.

PMID- 6420808
TI  - Role of arterial chemoreflex in breathing during sleep at high altitude.

PMID- 6420807
TI  - Cardiorespiratory control in sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 6420809
TI  - Amphetamine and LSD as discriminative stimuli: alterations following neonatal
      monoamine reductions.
AB  - Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (70 days of age), neonatally depleted of either 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5HT) via 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT; ICS) +
      desmethylimipramine (DMI; IP) at 3 days of age or dopamine (DA) via 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; ICS) + DMI at 14 days of age, were trained to
      discriminate either d-LSD-tartrate (80 micrograms/kg; IP) or d-amphetamine (d
      AMPH) sulfate (0.90 mg/kg; IP) from saline utilizing a two lever drug
      discrimination paradigm. A neurochemical analysis at the termination of these
      studies revealed the following in terms of %DA or %5HT (presented in that order)
      depleted with respect to the appropriate vehicle control group: telencephalon; 96
      and 96%, diencephalon; 51 and 31%, and brain stem; 76 and 80%. Rats learned to
      discriminate either d-AMPH or LSD regardless of amine depleted. In addition, the
      depletion of 5HT had little effects on dose or drug generalizations, or the
      ability of known antagonists to antagonize the discrimination stimulus (DS)
      effects of either LSD or d-AMPH. The effect of DA depletion, on the other hand,
      was to increase the sensitivity of the LSD DS at low doses, while decreasing the
      sensitivity of the d-amphetamine DS. DA depletion also had the effect of reducing
      the effectiveness of the LSD-antagonists, pizotifen maleate (BC105), while the
      opposite was observed for the d-AMPH antagonist, trifluoperazine HCI. These data
      suggest that: (1) LSD and d-amphetamine discrimination stimuli are not mediated
      and/or influenced via the compromised aspects of the 5HT systems (other central
      mechanisms may have compromised for these 5HT deficits); (2) the LSD DS is
      mediated or influenced both by serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms; and (3)
      the d-amphetamine DS is mediated by certain aspects of the dopaminergic system
      with little evidence for the involvement of 5HT systems.

PMID- 6420810
TI  - Electron depth-dose dependence on energy spectral quality.
AB  - Electron depth-dose curves and spectra have been measured from an experimental
      accelerator on which both energy and spectral shape could be varied
      independently. The measurements were made at nominal energies of 6 and 12 MeV,
      with the energy spread (FWHM) varied from 1.7% to over 10% of average energy.
      Changes in depth-dose fall-off characteristics correlated only weakly with the
      width of the accelerator's spectrum. The use of a single accelerator and
      experiment set-up eliminated the differences that have complicated previous
      comparisons of beams of different spectral quality, which have been based upon
      data from different accelerator designs.

PMID- 6420811
TI  - Calculation of energy spectra for therapeutic electron beams from depth-dose
      curves.

PMID- 6420812
TI  - Transport systems for lysine, thialysine and selenalysine in E. coli KL16.
AB  - Two lysine transport systems have been identified in E. coli KL16. They differ in
      their affinity for lysine, one showing a KM of 0.36 microM and the other a KM of
      4.7 microM. Different compounds with chemical similarities to lysine were tested
      for their capacity to interfere with lysine transport. Among these only
      thialysine and selenalysine competitively inhibit lysine transport. The
      inhibition is on both transport systems. Thialysine shows a KI of 4 microM for
      the low affinity system and a KI of 8 microM for the high affinity system.
      Selenalysine shows values of 6 microM and 12 microM respectively.

PMID- 6420813
TI  - Iron withholding: a defense against infection and neoplasia.

PMID- 6420814
TI  - Enteral nutrition for hospitalized patients.

PMID- 6420815
TI  - The effectiveness of prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats
      induced with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene.
AB  - Fifty-day-old female, albino Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with DMBA, a potent
      carcinogen that reliably causes multiple breast tumors. Prophylactic subcutaneous
      mastectomy was performed 2 weeks after injection. Control animals had no breast
      tissue removed and developed 5.14 tumors per animal, or 1.3 tumors per quadrant.
      Animals subjected to 50 percent (unilateral) mastectomy developed 5.4 tumors per
      animal, with 0.72 tumors per surgical quadrant. Animals that underwent 75 percent
      (three quadrant) mastectomy developed 4.33 tumors per animal, or 0.48 tumors per
      surgical quadrant. The incidence of tumors was significantly reduced in the
      surgical areas. However, the risk of any animal developing a breast neoplasm was
      not reduced in direct proportion to the percentage of breast tissue removed. We
      believe that this model may prove valuable in evaluating prophylactic
      subcutaneous mastectomy.

PMID- 6420816
TI  - A study of long-attending psychiatric day-patients and the services provided for
      them.
AB  - A year's follow-up study of day-hospital long-attenders underlined doubts as to
      the adequacy of service provision in urban areas of England and Wales for the
      increasing numbers of chronic psychiatric patients living in the community. Very
      few of the 82 men and 53 women were married or capable of employment, and both
      psychiatric and physical morbidity were high; 2 young men committed suicide and 3
      elderly men died within a year of discharge. Over the age of 45 men tended to be
      socially isolated and over the age of 60 they were also physically ill; a number
      probably required better residential care. Few women under 45 attended, possibly
      because the services offered were unacceptable.

PMID- 6420817
TI  - Effects of ethanol on cigarette smoking by volunteers without histories of
      alcoholism.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on cigarette smoking were assessed in volunteer research
      subjects who had histories of light to moderate social drinking. Five subjects
      participated individually in daily 90-min sessions that were conducted in rooms
      equipped to permit automatic monitoring of cigarette smoking behavior. Each
      subject was tested at four dose levels of ethanol and placebo, which were given
      orally on a double-blind basis, 30 min prior to sessions. Dose order was
      according to a random block sequence in which each dose was given in each of five
      blocks of five sessions. Data from five alcoholic subjects who were similarly
      tested at only one ethanol dose level were used for comparison. For the
      nonalcoholic group, ethanol doses that produced reliable changes in group scores
      on various psychometric instruments produced no significant change in smoking
      behavior. There were differences among the nonalcoholic subjects, however, in
      that smoking was significantly decreased by ethanol in two subjects, was
      increased by ethanol in two subjects, and was unchanged in the fifth subject. For
      the alcoholic group, ethanol produced reliable changes in psychometric measures
      and significant increases in cigarette smoking. Within- and between-group
      analyses of results suggest that the effect of ethanol on cigarette smoking may
      be related to prior history of alcoholic beverage consumption.

PMID- 6420818
TI  - Modification of the behavioural effects of haloperidol and of dopamine receptor
      regulation by altered thyroid status.
AB  - Rats made hypothyroid by the chronic oral administration of 200 mg/kg
      propylthiouracil were less sensitive to the cataleptic effects of haloperidol
      (0.1 mg/kg) treatment than were euthyroid rats chronically treated with isotonic
      saline. However, rats made hyperthyroid by the chronic injection of 200
      micrograms/kg thyroxine were not more sensitive to the cataleptic suppressant
      effects of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg). Higher doses of haloperidol (1 and 5 mg/kg)
      produced significantly greater catalepsy in the hyperthyroid rats and
      significantly reduced catalepsy in the hypothyroid rats. Receptor binding studies
      carried out on the striata from rats sacrificed 48 h after a 6-day course of
      chronic haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg once daily) treatment revealed a significant
      upregulation (increase) of dopamine receptors in the hypothyroid rats only. These
      findings are consistent with the hypothesis that altered thyroid status can
      modify the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6420819
TI  - Selective brain noradrenaline depletion induced by the neurotoxin N-(2
      chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP 4) does not prevent the memory
      facilitation induced by a muscarinic agonist in mice.
AB  - These experiments investigated the effects of central noradrenaline (NA)
      depletion and its interaction with cholinergic and dopaminergic mechanisms upon
      retention of a passive-avoidance response in mice. The NA selective neurotoxin N
      (2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP 4) (50 mg/kg IP, 7 days) was
      injected into mice to produce depletion of NA in frontal cortex, hypothalamus,
      cerebellum, midbrain and brain stem without any significant change in dopamine
      (DA) levels in frontal cortex, striatum, hypothalamus and midbrain. Depletion of
      brain NA produced by DSP 4 was significantly but not completely prevented by the
      NA uptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine (DMI) (10 mg/kg IP, 30 min before DSP 4
      injection). Despite the marked NA depletion, DSP 4 neither impaired the retention
      of a passive-avoidance response in mice nor prevented the enhancement of
      retention of this response induced by the central muscarinic agonist oxotremorine
      (OTM) (0.05 mg/kg IP, immediately after training. This lack of effect of DSP 4 on
      retention was prevented neither by DMI nor by the serotonin uptake inhibitor
      fluoxetine (5 mg/kg IP, 30 min before DSP 4 injection). The enhancement of
      retention induced by OTM in the groups of mice injected with either water or DSP
      4 was prevented by atropine (0.5 mg/kg IP, 20 min before training) but not by
      methylatropine in the same experimental conditions. This suggests that both in
      controls and DSP 4-pretreated mice, the primary effect of OTM is due to an
      interaction with muscarinic brain receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420820
TI  - Diminished amphetamine anorexia and enhanced fenfluramine anorexia after midbrain
      6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - Rats were made hyperphagic by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected bilaterally
      into the ventral midbrain; then they were restricted to a 6 h/day feeding
      schedule and tested for appetite suppression with amphetamine and fenfluramine in
      randomized order. Amphetamine anorexia was diminished while fenfluramine anorexia
      was enhanced (both P less than 0.001). The opposite effect on fenfluramine
      anorexia shows that the effect of 6-OHDA on amphetamine anorexia was not due to
      hyperphagia masking the anorexia. Norepinephrine in the forebrain was 90%
      depleted, but DA and serotonin levels were within 9% of normal. These results
      demonstrate a new way to dissociate amphetamine and fenfluramine anorexia, as
      others have done with lateral hypothalamic lesions or DA depletion. The 6-OHDA
      injections, which were of a type that cause hyperphagia, apparently destroyed a
      substrate for amphetamine anorexia and also facilitated a substrate for
      fenfluramine anorexia.

PMID- 6420822
TI  - Suppression of feeding by naloxone in rat: a dose-response comparison of anorexia
      and conditioned taste aversion suggesting a specific anorexic effect.
AB  - The dose-related suppression of feeding by naloxone (0.25-15.0 mg/kg), either by
      injection before feeding, or by conditioning taste aversion (CTA), was compared.
      The weaker suppression found for CTA at low (below 0.75 mg/kg) and high (above
      5.0 mg/kg) doses suggests that the aversive sequelae of naloxone injection cannot
      account fully for its suppressive effects. In turn, this suggests that naloxone
      exerts a specific anorexic effect. Comprehensive dose-response curves for
      naloxone anorexia (15 doses) and CTA (nine doses) are presented.

PMID- 6420821
TI  - Naloxone treatment attenuates food but not water intake in domestic pigeons.
AB  - Satiated as well as 24 h food-deprived pigeons showed an attenuated consumption
      of food in response to peripheral injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone.
      The minimal effective amount of the drug was found to be 1.5 mg in satiated birds
      and 0.5 mg in fasted birds. The anorexic effect of naloxone was observed for no
      longer than 3 h in both situations, and it did not differ at doses of either 1.5
      mg or 5 mg of the antagonist. By contrast, doses of up to 5 mg of naloxone failed
      to depress the water intake of pigeons which were either 24 h water-deprived or
      were loaded with hypertonic saline. Together with previous studies, these results
      suggest that, in pigeons, endorphinergic naloxone-sensitive mechanisms are
      involved in the regulation of feeding but play no major role in the control of
      drinking. Possible modes of action of opiate antagonists on ingestive behaviour
      are discussed.

PMID- 6420824
TI  - Methysergide and metergoline reduce morphine analgesia with no effect on the
      development of tolerance in rats.
AB  - A single subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg metergoline or 10 mg/kg methysergide,
      two serotonin antagonists, or 1 mg/kg naloxone, significantly reduced the effect
      of a subcutaneous dose of 3 mg/kg morphine in the tail immersion test in rats.
      The same drugs and doses were administered concurrently with 10 mg/kg morphine
      twice daily for 3 days and nociceptive responses were measured 96 h later.
      Tolerance to the effect of 3 mg/kg morphine was comparable in animals which had
      received vehicle + morphine or serotonin antagonists + morphine, whereas naloxone
      completely prevented the development of tolerance. The results argue against a
      role of serotonin in the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect
      of morphine and suggest it may be possible to dissociate morphine analgesia from
      tolerance development, at least in the conditions used in the present study.

PMID- 6420823
TI  - Methylphenidate, apomorphine, THIP, and diazepam in monkeys: dopamine-GABA
      behavior related to psychoses and tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - In eight monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), previously treated with haloperidol
      for 4-14 months, we have examined the behavioral effect of: (1) methylphenidate
      vs apomorphine; (2) 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-(5,4-c)-pyridin-3-ol(THIP, a GABA
      agonist) vs diazepam; and (3) THIP and diazepam in methylphenidate-induced
      behavior. Methylphenidate (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) both
      increased locomotion, but otherwise exhibited different behavioral profiles.
      Methylphenidate induced repetitive movements of head, limbs, and trunk, and
      hallucinatory-like behavior, but not oral hyperkinesia (licking and gnawing),
      whereas apomorphine preferentially caused oral hyperkinesia. THIP produced a
      syndrome of bradykinesia, dystonia, ataxia, myoclonus, sedation, and decreased
      responsiveness, whereas diazepam produced only bradykinesia, ataxia, sedation,
      and decreased responsiveness, but not dystonia and myoclonus. Methylphenidate
      induced locomotion and repetitive movements were reduced by THIP and diazepam,
      whereas hallucinatory-like behavior was markedly aggravated by THIP, but not by
      diazepam.

PMID- 6420826
TI  - Lack of tolerance to haloperidol-induced acute dyskinesias in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6420825
TI  - Time course of smoking withdrawal symptoms as a function of nicotine replacement.
AB  - Subjects (N = 32) provided morning, afternoon, and evening data for week-1
      withdrawal from smoking. Withdrawal symptoms were measured using Schneider's
      Smoker Complaint Scale. Twenty subjects received nicotine gum and 12 subjects
      received placebo gum. Carbon monoxide levels verified smoking abstinence. Results
      showed significantly less withdrawal for nicotine gum subjects compared to the
      placebo group. A significant treatment- x -time of day interaction was also
      observed: Placebo subjects reported increased withdrawal in the evenings compared
      to their morning and afternoon scores, and in contrast to nicotine-group
      responses. The results provide evidence for nicotine withdrawal and its
      alleviation by nicotine gum.

PMID- 6420828
TI  - Conditioned lever-press avoidance response in mice: acquisition processes and
      effects of diazepam.
AB  - Acquisition of conditioned lever-press avoidance behavior on a continuous
      avoidance schedule (response-shock interval = 30 s and shock-shock interval = 5
      s) and on a discrete avoidance schedule (intertrial interval = 25 s and duration
      of the warning presentation = 5 s with an escape contingency) in dd mice was
      investigated. When the behavioral baseline had stabilized, the effects of
      diazepam on avoidance behaviors were examined. About 60% and 80% of the mice
      achieved criterion levels of avoidance behavior under continuous avoidance (shock
      rate being less than 0.5/min) and discrete avoidance (avoidance rate being higher
      than 75%), respectively. Diazepam (0.5--4 mg/kg SC) dose-dependently impaired
      avoidance behavior of mice which had a low baseline shock rate and a high
      baseline avoidance rate under continuous and discrete avoidances, respectively.
      The changes in avoidance behavior in mice after diazepam were almost identical
      with those previously found in rats.

PMID- 6420829
TI  - Stimulant and depressant properties of sedative-hypnotics in mice selectively
      bred for differential sensitivity to ethanol.
AB  - A genetic analysis of sedative-hypnotic response in selectively bred Long-Sleep
      (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) mice showed LS mice to be more depressed by
      acetaldehyde, ethanol (ETOH), and t-butanol, but less sensitive to pentobarbital.
      Intermediate inheritance was shown by the two reciprocal F1 hybrids for the
      alcohols, but dominance to the LS genotype occurred for the aldehyde and the
      barbiturate. At several subhypnotic doses of ETOH in two experiments, LS mice
      showed less locomotor stimulation and greater disruption of coordination than the
      SS mice. The two reciprocal F1 hybrids did not differ from one another and had
      dose-response curves intermediate to the two parental lines. Study of the effects
      of t-butanol on locomotor activity revealed a pattern of line differences similar
      to that for ETOH. The genetic selection for LS and SS mice appears to have
      differentiated loci that pleiotropically influence a variety of behavioral
      responses to alcohols.

PMID- 6420830
TI  - Sequence of alcohol presentation is important in the potentiation of long-term
      events.
AB  - Animal and human studies have demonstrated that, depending upon the sequence of
      alcohol presentation, long-term memory of events can either be enhanced or
      diminished. In the present study a similar phenomenon is demonstrated in the
      neuronal excitability of slices of hippocampus from guinea pig brains. Alcohol
      given after, but not before, 3 days of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) administration to
      the intact animal produced kindling equivalent to 5 days of PTZ given by itself.
      This effect appears to be independent of the known withdrawal effects of alcohol
      and lasts for at least 14 days after the alcohol and PTZ administration have been
      discontinued.

PMID- 6420827
TI  - Sodium-dependent lithium ion efflux from murine neuroblastoma and rat glioma
      cells: a minor pathway for efflux of lithium ions.
AB  - Lithium ion efflux by murine neuroblastoma (clone N1E-115) and rat glioma (clone
      C6) cells was studied to determine the presence of a phloretin-sensitive sodium
      lithium countertransport pathway which has been found in human erythrocytes.
      Although this pathway could be identified in these cultured cells, unlike that in
      red blood cells, it was a very minor (less than 20%) component of the overall
      efflux of lithium ions from these cells of nervous tissue origin.

PMID- 6420831
TI  - Red blood cell and plasma levels of thioridazine and mesoridazine in
      schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Thioridazine and mesoridazine levels and levels of thioridazine plus metabolites
      were determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) by gas-liquid chromatography
      (GLC) and spectrofluorometry (SP), respectively, in schizophrenic patients
      treated with fixed doses of thioridazine. There was wide interpatient variability
      in RBC:plasma ratios for thioridazine and mesoridazine, a higher ratio of
      thioridazine to mesoridazine in RBC than plasma, and a higher ratio of GLC total
      (thioridazine plus mesoridazine), to SP-determined total drug constituents in RBC
      than in plasma. RBC showed a monotonic increase in drug levels with dose, whereas
      levels of drug in the plasma began to level off above the 250 mg/day dose. Drug
      levels 24 h after the acute dose did not predict steady-state blood levels in
      plasma or RBC.

PMID- 6420832
TI  - Comparison of growth hormone and prolactin stimulation induced by chlorimipramine
      and desimipramine in man in connection with chlorimipramine metabolism.
AB  - In order to compare the effects of chlorimipramine (CI) and desimipramine (DMI)
      on growth hormone (GH) and on prolactin (PRL) secretion equal doses of 25 mg CI
      or DMI were administered i.v. to 12 healthy subjects each. In this dose, DMI,
      which primarily inhibits norepinephrine (NE) uptake, induced a significantly
      higher GH stimulation, compared to CI, whereas CI, which primarily inhibits
      serotonin (5-HT) uptake induced a significantly higher PRL stimulation, compared
      to DMI. Following DMI administration, an increase in GH (greater than 7.5 ng/ml)
      was found in all subjects, after CI in only about 50% of the subjects. The
      varying interindividual GH secretions after CI are discussed on the basis of the
      different plasma levels of CI and of its metabolite desmethyl-chlorimipramine
      (DCI), which is a NE uptake-inhibitor.

PMID- 6420833
TI  - Dopaminergic but not noradrenergic mediation of hyperactivity and performance
      deficits in the developing rat pup.
AB  - The relative contribution of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in behavioral
      arousal was examined in developing rat pups using intracisternal 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) either alone or following pretreatment with
      desmethylimipramine (DMI). Such treatments were designed to examine the effects
      of preferential reduction of DA (DA depletion), NE (NE depletion), or both
      catecholamines (CA depletion) in the development of motor activity and escape
      performance. General motor activity increased with age and, over all ages, DA
      depleted pups tended to exhibit greater activity. This was most apparent at 15
      days of age, where DA-depleted pups were significantly more active than controls,
      NE-depleted, or CA-depleted pups. DA-depleted pups failed to exhibit the steep
      decline in activity over time (habituation of activity) demonstrated by the
      control and NE-depleted pups, while pups depleted of both CA fell into an
      intermediate position in habituation. Escape latency in a T-maze at 20 days and
      shuttle box at 26 days of age indicated comparable performance to controls for NE
      depleted pups, while those animals in DA-depleted and CA-depleted groups appeared
      unable to perform the task. Brain CA concentrations (determined by a
      radioenzymatic assay) indicated preferential reduction of DA in the DA-depleted
      group to concentrations 25% of controls, reduction of NE to 62% of controls in
      the NE-depleted group, and reductions of DA to 42% and NE to 60% in the CA
      depleted group. These results suggest that preferential reduction of brain DA in
      the developing rat pup increases motor activity and impairs habituation of
      activity during the stage of behavioral arousal in week 3 of postnatal
      life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6420834
TI  - Lithium effects on active and passive avoidance behavior in the rat.
AB  - Lithium chloride reduced the rate of acquisition of a passive-avoidance response
      and decreased the rats' reaction to the shock delivery. Acquisition of an active
      avoidance response was unimpaired by lithium, although lithium-administered rats
      responded predominantly to the cue stimulus, making significantly fewer precue
      avoidance responses than did controls. Lithium's efficacy in the treatment of
      manic disorders may, therefore, be the result of a decrease in the individual's
      reactivity to low-intensity stimulation.

PMID- 6420835
TI  - Dopamine/L-dopa ratio in cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients treated
      with L-dopa + benserazide.
AB  - The CSF dopamine/L-dopa ratio was examined in 14 parkinsonian and six control
      patients. In parkinsonian patients the dopamine/L-dopa ratio showed significant
      correlation with the severity of the disease, as characterized by Yahr's scale.
      These data suggest some correlation between the dopamine synthesizing capacity
      and the degree of disability.

PMID- 6420836
TI  - Percutaneous renal stone removal. Use of carbon dioxide as contrast material.
AB  - The successful performance of a percutaneous nephrostomy requires contrast
      material in the renal collecting system. For an exact delineation of all renal
      calices in a patient allergic to iodine, carbon dioxide was injected into the
      renal pelvis. The stone was removed successfully.

PMID- 6420837
TI  - Experimental control of cerebral amyloid in scrapie in mice.

PMID- 6420838
TI  - Human pituitary neurophysin precursors.

PMID- 6420839
TI  - Selected topics in blood component therapy.

PMID- 6420840
TI  - Quantitative assay of low levels of benzo[a]pyrenediol epoxide bound to DNA by
      acid-induced liberation of tetraols followed by chromatography and fluorometric
      detection.

PMID- 6420841
TI  - Chromosomal protein antigens formed in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis by azo
      dyes.

PMID- 6420842
TI  - Ribosome evolution: the structural bases of protein synthesis in archaebacteria,
      eubacteria, and eukaryotes.

PMID- 6420844
TI  - The relationships of neuroendocrine tests in endogenous depression.
AB  - Amphetamine induced growth hormone (GH) response (Study 1) and TRH induced TSH
      response (Study 2) were assessed in patients with endogenous depression (n = 20
      and n = 22, respectively), who underwent a dexamethasone suppression test (DST)
      on the following day. The GH response to the amphetamine was significantly lower
      in the group of depressed patients than in the healthy controls (n = 13). There
      was no difference between the DST nonsuppressors (n = 12) and suppressors (n = 8)
      in the GH peak values. This data strongly suggests that the two tests are
      independent from each other. There was no significant relationship between the
      DST and TRH-TSH results. Patients with blunted TSH response to TRH have had
      significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA levels.

PMID- 6420843
TI  - Neuroendocrine strategies in affective disorders.
AB  - Neuroendocrine strategies in affective disorders have explored both resting
      values of hormones and hormonal responses to stimuli such as hypoglycemia, TRH,
      LHRH, dexamethasone, methadone and morphine. The abnormalities established to
      date have involved growth hormone, cortisol and TSH responses in particular.
      Prolactin has not been investigated to the same extent. We therefore describe
      several prolactin studies exemplifying selected neuroendocrine strategies. Our
      studies of prolactin responses included acute cases of either primary or
      secondary depression, stabilized bipolar patients, and healthy controls both off
      and on lithium. We found prolactin response to hypoglycemia significantly reduced
      in primary but not secondary depressions. Lithium administration led to flattened
      prolactin responses to hypoglycemia in stabilized bipolar patients but not in
      healthy controls. The flattened response in patients was observed already after 3
      weeks of lithium, and remained flattened after years of treatment. The findings
      suggest a greater degree of prolactin response reduction in those patients
      showing most pronounced stability on lithium treatment.

PMID- 6420845
TI  - [Serological tests for Brucella among workers occupationally exposed to infection
      in the Wielkopolska region].

PMID- 6420846
TI  - [Diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of suppurative meningoencephalitis
      in adults in the light of personal observations].

PMID- 6420847
TI  - [Case of IgD kappa multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6420848
TI  - [Measurement of serum thyroxine-binding globulin by CIS TBG 125-I kit].

PMID- 6420849
TI  - Opiates and respiratory function in advanced cancer.

PMID- 6420850
TI  - The treatment of anorexia nervosa: do different treatments have different
      outcomes?

PMID- 6420851
TI  - Treatment of bulimia with antidepressants: theoretical considerations and
      clinical findings.

PMID- 6420852
TI  - Effect of CO2 induced pH changes on the response of isolated guinea pig tracheas
      to theophylline.
AB  - The effect of CO2 induced pH changes on the response of airway smooth muscle to
      theophylline was studied. Our data show that simulated respiratory acid-base
      disturbances (pH range 7.0 to 7.8) have no significant effect on the response of
      isolated guinea pig tracheal cylinders at basal tone to theophylline. On the
      other hand, tracheal cylinders precontracted with histamine showed a diminished
      sensitivity to theophylline at pH values above 7.40, and an enhanced sensitivity
      at pH values below 7.40.

PMID- 6420853
TI  - Characterisation of stocks of Theileria parva by monoclonal antibody profiles.
AB  - Sixteen monoclonal antibodies, raised against macroschizonts of Theileria parva,
      were tested against 10 different stocks of the parasite. The indirect fluorescent
      antibody test was used to demonstrate that these antibodies showed different
      binding affinities to macroschizonts of the various stocks. A profile of antibody
      binding could thus be prepared for each stock. For a given stock the profile was
      consistently the same irrespective of culture passage level, host cell background
      and method of antigen preparation. Monoclonal antibody profiles thus appear to
      provide a means of characterisation of stocks of T parva in vitro, and
      preliminary evidence suggests that profiles may be used to differentiate strains.
      The best source of antigen for testing theilerial stocks was macroschizont
      infected cells raised in culture, but suitable preparations could also be made
      from lymph node biopsies of cattle infected with East Coast fever. In a field
      outbreak of disease it might thus be possible rapidly to characterise the strains
      of T parva involved and plan immunisation and control measures accordingly.

PMID- 6420854
TI  - Immunisation against East Coast fever: correlation between monoclonal antibody
      profiles of Theileria parva stocks and cross immunity in vivo.
AB  - Stocks of Theileria parva, which had been characterised by monoclonal antibody
      profiles, were used to challenge cattle previously immunised against East Coast
      fever (ECF). When cattle were subjected to homologous challenge, or heterologous
      challenge with a stock of identical profile to that which had initiated immunity,
      they showed mild or inapparent reactions. However, when cattle were challenged
      with a stock of a different profile many underwent severe or fatal ECF reactions.
      Thus, there appears to be good correlation between cross resistance patterns in
      vivo and parasite differences detected in vitro by monoclonal antibodies. The
      results indicate that monoclonal antibody profiles can be used to characterise
      strains of T parva in vitro, and thus provide valuable data for planning field
      immunisation programmes. Now that monoclonal antibodies offer the potential of
      characterising theilerial parasites so precisely, the need arises for more
      disciplined use of terms describing parasite populations and collections. It is
      proposed that the rules of nomenclature devised for trypanosomes be adopted for
      Theileria species.

PMID- 6420855
TI  - Immunotoxicologic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the cell-mediated and
      humoral immune systems.

PMID- 6420856
TI  - Blood gases and acid-base status in chicken embryos with naturally varying egg
      shell conductance.
AB  - In chicken eggs selected for widely varying values of specific water vapor
      conductance, gH2O (= water vapor conductance per freshly laid egg mass), PCO2,
      pH, PO2 and hematocrit were measured in arterialized blood sampled from an
      allantoic vein (after 16 days of incubation) or in blood termed 'venous', sampled
      from an allantoic artery (after 18 days of incubation). Both arterialized and
      'venous' PCO2 were inversely related to gH2O. Since the variations of blood
      plasma pH with PCO2 were smaller than predicted for true plasma, partial
      compensation by appropriate non-respiratory changes of plasma bicarbonate
      concentration must have occurred. Only with extremely high and low gH2O a
      definite alkalosis and acidosis, respectively, were observed. Both arterialized
      and 'venous' PO2 tended to diminish with decreasing gH2O. The hematocrit value
      showed a tendency to increase with decreasing gH2O and with decreasing
      arterialized PO2.

PMID- 6420857
TI  - Effect of acclimation temperature on intraerythrocytic acid-base balance and
      nucleoside triphosphates in the carp, Cyprinus carpio.
AB  - In carp acclimated to 20 degrees C or 10 degrees C intraerythrocytic pH (pHi) and
      plasma pH (pHe) were determined in vitro after equilibration with CO2 in either
      O2 or N2. ATP and GTP were determined with an enzymatic assay described in
      detail. The relationship between pHi, pHe and oxygen saturation was not affected
      by the acclimation temperature and was (pHi-6.10) = (0.853-0.159 X S) X (pHe
      6.21) There was a slight but significant decrease in ATP at 20 degrees C.
      Apparent buffer values were affected by oxygenation and temperature. It is
      concluded from the recalculated CO2 Bohr factor and from the temperature effect
      on the buffer value that carp hemoglobin forms carbamate which decreases at a
      higher temperature. These changes in ATP and carbamate can partly account for the
      increase in whole blood oxygen affinity in carp acclimated at a high temperature.

PMID- 6420858
TI  - The magnitude of the Bohr coefficient: optimal for oxygen delivery.
AB  - This paper examines relationships between the magnitude of the blood Bohr
      coefficient and arterial-venous changes in blood pH, PCO2 and oxygen affinity
      during steady-state, aerobic gas exchange. The physical-chemical linkage of the
      Bohr and Haldane effects is taken into account. It is concluded that for blood in
      which there is negligible oxygen-linked carbamate formation: (a) arterial-venous
      pH and PCO2 changes would be minimized if the Bohr coefficient were approximately
      equal to the respiratory quotient, with opposite sign, and (b) the rightward
      shift of the oxygen equilibrium curve in the tissues, relative to the curve at
      arterial pH, would be maximal if the Bohr coefficient were about one half the
      respiratory quotient (Bohr coefficient -0.35 to -0.5 for RQ 07-1.0). Actual Bohr
      coefficients in several mammals maximize the right shift of the oxygen
      equilibrium curve and are therefore optimal for oxygen delivery. Actual Bohr
      coefficients do not minimize pH or PCO2 changes. These results suggest that the
      contribution of the Bohr-Haldane effect to oxygen transport is more important
      than its contribution to pH homeostasis or CO2 transport.

PMID- 6420859
TI  - Panting in the emu causes arterial hypoxemia.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heavy thermal panting on
      arterial oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tension in emus. The birds
      showed no significant change in body temperature during a 3-4 h heat stress
      caused by increasing ambient air temperature from 21 to 46 degrees C. However,
      the emus increased their respiratory frequency 10-fold (from 5.3 to 52.9 breaths
      X min-1). The high respiratory frequency resulted in a slight but significant
      decrease in PaCO2 (from 33.5 to 29.8 mm Hg), coupled with a slight increase in pH
      (from 7.449 to 7.469). Paradoxically, these changes were accompanied by a
      significant decrease in the arterial oxygen tension (from 99.7 to 84.6 mm Hg).
      The arterial hypoxia suggests hypoventilation while the hypocapnia suggests
      hyperventilation of the lungs. This could result from various spatial and/or
      temporal changes in ventilation/perfusion ratios.

PMID- 6420860
TI  - Interaction of temperature with extra- and intrapulmonary chemoreceptor control
      of ventilatory movements in the awake chicken.
AB  - Several studies in artificially ventilated, anesthetized birds with opened
      thoracoabdominal cavities have shown that intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC)
      sensitive to CO2 contribute to the control of ventilatory movements. Increasing
      colonic temperature (Tc) has been shown to increase depth and decrease frequency
      of ventilatory movements if PaCO2 is held constant at less than 35 torr in awake
      and anesthetized, artificially ventilated cockerels. The relative importances,
      though, of IPC and of extrapulmonary CO2-sensitive chemoreceptors (EPC) in
      controlling ventilation in the awake or hyperthermic bird is unknown. We
      dissociated the PCO2 affecting IPC and EPC in awake cockerels by ligating the
      left pulmonary artery, denervating the IPC in the right lung and artificially
      ventilating each lung separately. We found, that at constant PaCO2, ventilatory
      movements increased in depth and decreased in frequency with: (1) increasing
      PICO2 to the innervated, non-perfused lung (PipcCO2); and (2) increasing Tc.
      Similar responses were observed with increasing PaCO2 or Tc during constant
      PipcCO2. Multiple regression analyses show that IPC and EPC have about equal
      controlling influences on ventilatory movements in the awake and hyperthermic
      cockerel.

PMID- 6420861
TI  - Effect of temperature on the CO2 sensitivity of avian intrapulmonary
      chemoreceptors.
AB  - We determined linear regressions of discharge frequency on ln PCO2 of 23
      intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) from eight hyperthermic, adult cockerels. At
      low PCO2, IPC in hyperthermic cockerels discharged slower than IPC measured in
      euthermic cockerels; above 25 torr PCO2, however, they discharged faster than
      euthermic IPC. Thus, IPC were less sensitive to PCO2 during hyperthermia. We
      calculate that a 1 degree C increase in the temperature of the lung (TL) causes
      the slope of the linear regression of discharge frequency on ln PCO2 to be less
      negative by 1.5 +/- 0.5 imp (sec X ln PCO2)-1 and that, for any increase in TL
      above normal (41.5 degrees C), the average IPC discharge frequency equals (-10.7
      + 1.5 (TL -41.5] X (ln (PCO2/25.0] + 3.7. This relationship may be partly
      responsible for the increased tidal volume and decreased respiratory frequency
      observed when body temperature increases during constant PaCO2.

PMID- 6420862
TI  - PCO2 modulation of ventilation and HCO3- buffer during chronic metabolic
      acidosis.
AB  - Ventilation and acid-base balance were studied in 6 conscious dogs during chronic
      eucapnic and hypocapnic metabolic acidosis. The dogs had tracheostomas for
      respiratory studies, exteriorized carotid arteries for obtaining arterial blood
      and cannulae for sampling cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Measurements were
      obtained on a control diet, and then, during metabolic acidosis induced by adding
      HCl (7 mmol/kg per day). Initially during metabolic acidosis, PaCO2 was
      maintained normal by having the dogs breathe 3% CO2 (eucapnia); then the dogs
      breathed air (hypocapnia). Chronically, arterial and CSF [HCO-3] were related to
      PCO2. No respiratory compensation occurred during chronic hypocapnic metabolic
      acidosis since [HCO-3] decreased more than PCO2; consequently, the acidosis
      worsened. At any [H+], ventilation was related to PCO2. Thus, during hypocapnic
      metabolic acidosis, ventilation was not increased relative to increase in
      arterial and CSF [H+]. Modulation of ventilation by PCO2 during severe acidosis
      may be crucial because stimulation of ventilation by [H+] of arterial blood or
      CSF would have progressively reduced PCO2 and [HCO-3], resulting in a worsening
      of the metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 6420863
TI  - [Role of the TRF test in the study of atrial dysrhythmia].
AB  - The aim of this retrospective study of 43 patients (32 females) aged 26 to 84
      years old (mean 62 +/- 14,5) was to assess the value of the TRF test in cases
      with normal static endocrine levels and isolated arrhythmias: 25 atrial
      fibrillations, 3 atrial flutters, 10 sinus tachycardias, 2 junctional
      tachycardias, 2 focal atrial tachycardias and 1 atrial extrasystoles. There was
      underlying cardiac disease in 24 patients. Thyroid function was assessed by T4,
      T3 and the TRF test. There was no relationship between cardiac disease and
      arrhythmias with the levels of TSH 25 minutes after TRF. The reactivity to TRF
      was low: 5,8 +/- 5,6 microU/ml. Nineteen patients were hyperthyroid (TSH at O and
      25 min: 1,7 +/- 0,5 and 2 +/- 1 microU/ml respectively), in the following three
      eventualities: - Clinical hyperthyroidism and raised hormonal levels, the TRF
      confirmed the diagnosis in 10 out of 11 cases; - Clinical hyperthyroidism and
      normal hormone levels: the TRF confirmed the diagnosis in 8 out of 14 cases; -
      Normal clinical examination and normal hormone levels: the TRF test showed a
      hyperthyroid reaction in 1 out of 18 cases. T3 and T4 measurements are often
      misleading. The TRF test with 2 blood samples would appear to be essential,
      especially in patients over 60 years of age. The hyperthyroid population was
      older (68,5 +/- 8 years) and the mean values of the thyroid investigations (T3,
      T4 and STH at 25 minutes) were significant. Underlying cardiac disease was
      detected in over half these cases. Atrial fibrillation was the commonest
      arrhythmia. Each case of arrhythmia, whether or not related to hyperthyroidism,
      justifies echocardiography.

PMID- 6420864
TI  - [Acquired hemophilia caused by antifactor VIIIc antibodies. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - In connection with three observations, we discuss clinical and biological
      characteristics of "acquired haemophilia". We insist on therapeutics problems: in
      all the cases corticosteroid and or immunosuppressive drugs are indicated:
      haemorrhagic accidents treatment depend on the clinical state severity and on the
      inhibitor concentration: indications of substitutive therapy, plasmapheresis and
      activated concentrate are considered.

PMID- 6420865
TI  - [The discovery of the Koch bacillus].

PMID- 6420866
TI  - [Role of hyperammonemia in stuporous states induced by sodium valproate].
AB  - Stuporous states induced by sodium valproate (VPA) are accompanied by an isolated
      marked hyperammonemia. In reality, hyperammonemia occurs after administration of
      VPA even in the absence of neurological complications. The hyperammonemia is of
      purely renal origin and results from modifications in glutamine metabolism, this
      compound being the main precursor of amino acid neurotransmitters. Combined
      administration of VPA and phenobarbitone increases the level of hyperammonemia
      due to lack of detoxification by the liver of the excess of ammonia produced by
      the kidneys. The anatomical site of origin of the ammoniogenesis, and its
      intensity, were studied in two patients with a history of stuporous states during
      combined VPA-phenobarbitone treatment. A single injection of VPA at a later date
      when they were being treated by combined phenobarbitone-carbamazepine therapy,
      induced disturbances in ammonia metabolism which did not differ qualitatively
      from those observed when intolerance to VPA is lacking. It is therefore not
      possible to rely on simple biological tests to detect patients at risk.
      Correlation is also lacking between the degree of hyperammonemia and disorders of
      vigilance. Ammonia does not therefore appear to be the only factor responsible
      for neurological complications and the role of other factors must be
      investigated. These include: disturbances of metabolism of inhibitory and
      excitatory aminoacid neurotransmitters, the condition of the cerebral parenchyma,
      and the excitatory effect of sodium valproate which could act to varying degrees
      in synergy with the hyperammonemia to provoke a stuporous state.

PMID- 6420867
TI  - [A genetic form of petit mal absence in Wistar rats].
AB  - One-third of the Wistar rats bred in the Centre of Neurochemistry in Strasbourg,
      France, develop spontaneous epileptic seizures which from their clinical
      manifestations, pharmacological responses, and electroencephalographic findings
      are suggestive of Petit Mal absences. These fits are genetically determined since
      in two lines selected from affected animals they occurred in 90 p. cent of three
      generations. The selection of a pure strain should assist in the use of this
      pharmacologic and neurophysiologic model of Petit Mal epilepsy.

PMID- 6420868
TI  - [Blood transfusion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].
AB  - This report was presented at the June 1983 meeting of the Blood Transfusion
      National Consultative Commission at the French Ministry of Health. Clinical and
      epidemiological data on AIDS as well as problems raised by the lack of specific
      tests for screening of blood donors were briefly summarized. Out of 49 AIDS
      patients recorded in France up to April 1983, only one had a history of previous
      blood transfusion given in Haiti, 4 years before the clinical onset of the
      disease. Blood donors, all Haitians, had no sign and symptom of AIDS.
      Retrospective review of 2 300 hemophiliacs followed up in France until April 1983
      disclosed no AIDS. However, in 6 patients, the following features, more or less
      associated, were found to be present: thrombocytopenia, neutropenia,
      micropolyadenopathy, splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia and low OKT4/OKT8
      ratio. No clear correlation could be found between these abnormalities and the
      origin, commercial or national, of the coagulation factor concentrates used for
      the treatment. Three main recommendations were proposed: -- information of blood
      donors and experimental evaluation of some non specific screening tests, in the
      at risk donor population. -- more cautious use of coagulation factor concentrates
      -- reduction of importations aiming at complete national self sufficiency
      concerning factor VIII concentrates.

PMID- 6420869
TI  - [Automation of immunohematologic testing activities at French blood transfusion
      centers].
AB  - In May 1982, a questionnaire was sent to all of the 170 French Blood Transfusion
      Services (BTS), on behalf of the French Society of Blood Transfusion. The purpose
      was to determine the types of automated equipment used for immunohematological
      controls, the way in which they are used and the result of automation and
      computerization in daily laboratory operations. We received 135 replies (80%). A
      generalized conclusion can be drawn from the collected information. 50% of the
      respondents are neither automated nor computerized. 30% are both automated and
      computerized. 10% are automated but not computerized and 8% are not automated but
      are computerized. In the field of automated serology there is an increased
      tendency to complete the ABO/Rh testing by Cc D Ee and Kell phenotyping. The use
      of computers allows the current test determination to be compared with previous
      donation data. However, no fully automated equipment, which can conduct antibody
      screening, exists, cost effectively, in small or average BTS. In France, there
      has been a significant increase in automation between 1970 and 1980 but only the
      most important BTS have carried out automation at the same time as
      computerization. The smaller BTS have usually become automated without becoming
      computerized. In 1978, Codabar was first used. This has been one of the principal
      advances of the last 10 years, allowing all the users of automation to start
      moving towards complete computerization. This advance was assisted by the use of
      prepackaged software. This questionnaire also determined that the current
      emphasis is now to computerize administrative and management activities before
      laboratory activities. This survey has been conducted during a turning point of
      the automation of French BTS. It shows that they are, on the whole, satisfied
      with their automation. As far as the safety and the efficiency of the service are
      concerned, it is only fair to consider that the main purposes of the automation
      have been achieved. But in terms of cost, and serological accuracy for antibody
      screening, a new generation of automated equipment should appear to satisfy the
      users in the nineties.

PMID- 6420870
TI  - [Distribution of ABO and RH blood-group systems, with special reference to the
      study of the DU antigen in Santo Andre, S.P].

PMID- 6420871
TI  - [Enteral feeding in surgery -- comparative study of 3 different diets].

PMID- 6420872
TI  - [Future trends for hospitals].

PMID- 6420873
TI  - [Case of intrapulmonary ossification developing after surgery of benign giant
      cell tumor of the left tibia].

PMID- 6420874
TI  - [Psychiatric syndromes in epilepsy. Case contribution].
AB  - The Authors have taken into consideration the psychiatric disorders during
      epilepsy and subdivide them in: behavioural disorders, epileptic deterioration,
      Petit Mal status and epileptic psychoses. Epileptic psychoses have been divided
      in: episodic (confusional and disthymic) and chronic (syndromes where ideation
      troubles and schizophrenic syndromes prevail). On the basis of a nosographic
      approach the Authors consider the possibility to relate the latter to epilepsy,
      while for others the association of two diseases has probably taken place. The
      Authors agree with the assumption that the epileptic psychosis is the result of a
      multifactorial activity finally resulting in a real disorder at the level of the
      temporo-limbic structures, such activity is not always revealed by surface EEG.

PMID- 6420875
TI  - [Chlamydia and sexually transmitted germs. Description and bacteriological
      diagnosis].
AB  - In this article, the author emphasizes the articular complications of genital
      infections caused by gonococci, mycoplasma and Chlamydia. He describes the
      laboratory techniques used to isolate, identify on appropriate media and, if need
      be, assay the serum or joint antibodies for each of these micro-organisms. If it
      is difficult to determine the aetiology of a particular case of joint pain, one
      should keep in mind the possibility that an old or recent genital infection may
      be responsible.

PMID- 6420876
TI  - [Pseudosarcomatous osteolysis in a Paget's disease patient treated with disodium
      etidronate (EHDP)].

PMID- 6420877
TI  - Stereocilia of sensory cells in normal and hearing impaired ears. A
      morphological, physiological and behavioural study.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate specific structural alterations
      in the cochlea of ears with sensory neural hearing loss and to determine the
      relation between structural damage and loss of auditory function. The results
      show that with the methods used in this study it is possible to obtain well
      preserved structures with consistent morphological characteristics. Examination
      and identification of small pathological alterations were thus possible. The
      stereocilia of the IHCs were found by scanning electron microscopy to be the
      structure most susceptible to damage by noise in the rabbit. The extent of IHC
      damage corresponded rather well with the frequency range for loss of auditory
      function, particularly threshold shift of the MER. The damage of the IHCs
      consisted of fusion, fracture and inclination of the stereocilia towards the
      OHCs. The OHC were frequently left unaltered even when the stereocilia of most
      IHCs exhibited pronounced alterations. In animals with a severe hearing loss and
      a postexposure time of more than two months, long "giant" cilia and often also a
      small thin kinocilium were found on the IHCs. IHC ciliary damage was found also
      in other species including man, but to a smaller extent than in the rabbit. The
      stereocilia of IHCs were also damaged by noise in ears of rabbits where the OHCs
      had been experimentally removed prior to the noise exposure. It was concluded
      that stereocilia damage is an important morphological alteration in ears with
      sensory neural hearing loss particularly with NIHL, and that cilia damage
      contributes to the observed loss of auditory function.

PMID- 6420878
TI  - The effect of fasting and time of day on the urinary excretion of chondroitin 4/6
      sulphate, dermatan sulphate and four chondroitinase ABC resistant
      glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - The present investigation confirmed a former report of a diurnal variation with
      an increased urinary excretion rate of total glycosaminoglycans in the daytime
      [4]. Fractionation showed that this increase was solely due to three
      electrophoretic fractions which resisted degradation with chondroitinase ABC.
      Fasting in the daytime had no influence on the increased excretion of one of
      these fractions, whereas it prevented the increased excretion of the other two
      (probably both heparan sulphates). The excretion rates of chondroitin 4/6
      sulphate, dermatan sulphate and a fourth chondroitinase ABC resistant
      glycosaminoglycan (heparan sulphate) were uninfluenced by time of day and
      fasting. This was contrary to the excretion of hydroxyproline which decreased
      during the fasting period.

PMID- 6420879
TI  - Ulcerative colitis--genetic features.

PMID- 6420880
TI  - Long-term follow-up study of 168 patients with immune thrombocytopenia.
      Implications for therapy.
AB  - A total of 168 patients (90 adults, 78 children) with immune thrombocytopenia
      (ITP) and a median follow-up of 75 months were treated with a sequential regimen
      of corticosteroids (n = 125), splenectomy (n = 83) and immunosuppressives (n =
      25). In 43 patients an observation period of a minimum of 1 month preceded the
      therapy. It is concluded that: (i) withholding therapy in the expectation of
      spontaneous recovery is at least in children justified in case of limited
      bleeding tendency; (ii) corticosteroids should be limited in adults to a maximum
      of 3 weeks and in children to a maximum of 6 weeks; (iii) if corticosteroids
      fail, splenectomy remains the therapy of choice, especially in patients aged less
      than or equal to 30 years, and should be performed within 6 months after
      diagnosis; (iv) after failure of the aforementioned forms of therapy, there is
      rarely a beneficial effect of treatment with azathioprine and vincristine; (v) no
      reaction to any form of therapy can be followed by an acceptable long-term
      outcome.

PMID- 6420881
TI  - Lymphocyte maturation in the human thymus. Relevance of purine nucleotide
      metabolism for intrathymic T cell function.
AB  - The combination of centrifugal elutriation as an efficient and reproducible
      method to separate thymocytes by size, micromethods to assess purine
      interconversion enzymes, and assessment of purine (deoxy)nucleoside inhibition of
      mitogen responses enabled us to study purine metabolism at the intrathymic level.
      Out of six fractions, four (nos. 3-6), containing medium- and large-sized
      lymphocytes, showed a proliferative response after stimulation with
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). In fractions 1-6 the number of cells with an immature
      immunological phenotype gradually decreased, and cells with the phenotype of
      mature cells gradually increased. The enzyme activity ratio of adenosine
      deaminase to purine nucleoside phosphorylase gradually decreased from 21 in
      fraction 1 to 7 in the last fraction (blood T-cell value, 0.7). We conclude that
      this enzyme activity ratio is a useful marker for intrathymic T-cell maturation
      stages. In PHA-responsive cell fractions (3-6), the sensitivity to inhibition of
      the PHA response by (deoxy)adenosine and deoxyguanosine was inversely related to
      the enzyme activity ratio of ecto-5'-nucleotidase to deoxycytidine kinase. These
      findings are compatible with the hypothesis that intracellular concentrations of
      phosphorylated (deoxy)nucleosides are related to this inhibition. We conclude
      that the differences in purine metabolism among the various (mitogen-responsive)
      human thymocyte fractions are related to lymphoid cell function. Since the number
      of cells contributing to the enzyme activities and the number of cells
      contributing to the proliferative response (about 15% of unseparated cells)
      differ considerably, it is not possible to evaluate enzyme activities in
      unseparated thymocytes in terms of relationships between purine metabolism and
      lymphocyte function.

PMID- 6420882
TI  - Competition of chemically related antigens for presentation by accessory cells to
      T cells requires expenditure of metabolic energy by the accessory cells.
AB  - The immune responsiveness of guinea pigs both to dinitrophenyl-poly-L-lysine (DNP
      PLL) and to the lysine-rich random copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-lysine (GL)
      is controlled by the 'poly-L-lysine gene'. We have previously demonstrated that
      accessory cells of responder strains can be made incapable of presenting DNP-PLL
      to responsive T cells in assays for proliferation, by in vitro exposure of the
      cells to GL before and during their exposure to DNP-PLL. We demonstrate here that
      the presence of anti-Ia antibody in the cultures does not interfere with the
      apparent competition of the two antigens for presentation by accessory cells.
      Furthermore, the two antigens do not compete for presentation when the accessory
      cells are exposed to them at 1 degree C, suggesting that endocytosis and/or other
      energy-requiring cellular events are necessary for the competition.

PMID- 6420883
TI  - Isolation and identification of Gardnerella vaginalis.

PMID- 6420884
TI  - [Evaluation of the optimal thyroxine dose with the TRH test for replacement and
      suppression therapy].
AB  - 53 patients with overt hypothyroidism (group 1), 17 patients with "preclinical
      hypothyroidism" (group 2), 22 patients with a euthyroid goiter (group 3) and 13
      patients who had undergone total elimination of the thyroid gland for thyroid
      cancer (group 4) were treated with thyroxine. Basal levels of T4, T3, TSH and the
      TSH-response to 40 mg oral TRH were measured during treatment. For replacement
      therapy in hypothyroid patients of group 1 and 2 the dose was adjusted until the
      TSH response to TRH was within the normal range (3.5-38 mU/l). In groups 3 and 4
      the thyroxine dose was increased to suppress the TSH response to TRH in the
      presence of euthyroid T4 and T3 levels (suppressive dose). Average thyroxine
      replacement doses were 128 micrograms per day in overt hypothyroidism and 101
      micrograms/day in preclinical hypothyroidism. Suppressive doses of thyroxine were
      on average 119 micrograms/day in patients with euthyroid goiter and 183
      micrograms thyroxine per day in patients with total thyroid ablation. In all 4
      groups of patients a wide interindividual variation of the optimal thyroxine dose
      was found.

PMID- 6420885
TI  - [Separation of high density lipoproteins (HDL) using zonal ultracentrifugation in
      patients with apolipoprotein AI Milano variant].
AB  - Investigations of HDL with zonal ultracentrifugation were carried out in three
      patients with apolipoprotein AIMilano. HDL in patients with AIMilano
      apolipoprotein are characterized by the practically total absence of HDL2. The
      HDL3 peak is broader than normal. In spite of the marked reduction or practically
      total absence of HDL2, which is believed to be a protective factor against
      atherosclerosis, our patients show no signs of clinical atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6420886
TI  - Inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis: effect on other
      metabolic processes.
AB  - 3-Aminobenzamide and benzamide, purported to be specific inhibitors of the
      synthesis of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose), were used to elucidate possible
      functions of this biopolymer. These compounds, at frequently used experimental
      concentrations, not only inhibited the action of poly(adenosine diphosphate
      ribose) synthetase but also affected cell viability, glucose metabolism, and DNA
      synthesis. Thus, the usefulness of 3-aminobenzamide and benzamide may be severely
      restricted by the difficulty of finding a dose small enough to inhibit the
      synthetase without producing additional metabolic effects.

PMID- 6420887
TI  - Virus like sensitivity of the scrapie agent to heat inactivation.
AB  - The resistance of the infectious agent of scrapie disease to sterilization at 100
      degrees or 121 degrees C is reputed to be inconsistent with the structure of
      conventional viruses. However, in kinetic studies the majority of hamster scrapie
      strain 263K infectivity was (like that of previously characterized viruses)
      rapidly inactivated at temperatures of 100 degrees C or greater. Small resistant
      subpopulations remained. Similar heat-resistant subpopulations were observed at
      60 degrees C for phage lambda but only in the presence of brain homogenate. Brain
      homogenate may also confer stability to small subfractions of scrapie
      infectivity. Such refractory subpopulations cannot be used to make structural
      inferences that are properly obtained from the behavior of the majority
      population as revealed in the initial inactivation.

PMID- 6420888
TI  - Prolongation of rat islet allograft survival by direct ultraviolet irradiation of
      the graft.
AB  - Ultraviolet irradiation of rat dendritic cells completely abrogated their
      allostimulatory capacity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Rat islets of Langerhans
      similarly irradiated remained hormonally functional when transplanted into
      syngeneic diabetic rats. Allogeneic transplantation across a major
      histocompatibility barrier of islets initially treated in vitro with ultraviolet
      irradiation resulted in prolonged allograft survival without the use of any
      immunosuppressive agents.

PMID- 6420889
TI  - Ribose intervention in the cardiac pentose phosphate pathway is not species
      specific.
AB  - Ribose is cardioprotective in the rat in a variety of pathophysiological
      conditions. The metabolic basis for this effect is the low capacity of the
      oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in the myocardium. Ribose bypasses this
      pathway, elevates the available pool of 5-phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate, and
      thus stimulates the biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides. In this study reported
      here the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the first and rate
      limiting enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate shunt, was very low in the
      human heart and was of the same order of magnitude in the myocardium of various
      animal species. Furthermore, ribose had a similar stimulating effect on
      myocardial adenine nucleotide biosynthesis in the guinea pig, in which
      hemodynamic parameters are different from those in the rat. It is concluded that
      the metabolic basis for the effectiveness of ribose is similar in all species
      investigated.

PMID- 6420890
TI  - Functional expression of a cloned I-A beta k gene in B-lymphoma cells.
AB  - The immune response genes of the mouse encode two cell-surface glycoproteins, I-A
      and I-E, that play critical roles in determining the animal's immune
      responsiveness. The I-A antigen contains two chains, alpha and beta. A cloned
      beta-chain gene, I-A beta k, was introduced into B-lymphoma cells that express I
      Ad. The transfected gene was successfully expressed on the cell surface of the
      recipient cells and was functional in stimulating allospecific T cells.

PMID- 6420891
TI  - [Microangioarchitecture of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue
      carcinoma in rats].

PMID- 6420892
TI  - Choice and change in health care in Britain.
AB  - Health authorities in Britain are under pressure to shift the balance of health
      care towards long-term patients and non-hospital services. Financial cut-backs
      mean that changes in priorities can no longer be implemented from development
      monies alone and there is a need to take resources from existing services. At
      first glance, the least difficult option appears to be to make savings in the
      ways in which care is delivered rather than to cut or abolish whole services or
      to reduce 'standards' of care. However there are factors other than resource
      constraints which influence the ability of health authorities to choose and
      implement shifts of resources; they include professional and technical
      developments, lay expectations and health service management structures and
      processes. These factors and their implications are reviewed and issues are
      identified which are amenable to research by existing groups of research workers.

PMID- 6420893
TI  - Health problems during the first year of life in infants born to adolescent
      mothers.
AB  - The role of maternal age at birth was investigated to determine its impact on an
      infant's health status during the first year of life. A sample population of 112
      healthy term infants born to young primiparous mothers (less than or equal to 17
      years) was compared using a chart audit with a population of 92 infants born to
      older primiparous mothers (greater than or equal to 18 years). There was no
      significant difference between the two groups in the number of missed clinic
      appointments, number of emergency room visits, number of hospitalizations, number
      of infants fully immunized, or incidence of child abuse. Poor weight gain and
      fewer outpatient visits for medical problems were more frequent in the infants of
      the younger population. Education programs designed for pregnant adolescents
      should stress the proper use of health professionals and appropriate methods of
      infant feeding.

PMID- 6420895
TI  - Expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical spinal stenotic myelopathy.
AB  - Although the operative results have been improving since the air drill was
      introduced for cervical laminectomy instead of an ordinary rongeur, post
      laminectomy complications, such as postoperative fragility of the cervical spine
      to acute neck trauma, posterior spur formation at the vertebral body, and
      malalignment of the lateral curvature have still remained as unsolved problems.
      In order to avoid these disadvantages, a new surgical technique called "expansive
      open-door laminoplasty" was devised by the author in 1977, which is relatively
      easier, safer, and better than the ordinary laminectomy from the standpoint of
      structural mechanics of the cervical spine. The operative procedure is described
      in detail. Operative results in the patients with cervical OPLL, spondylosis, and
      canal stenosis were satisfactory, and optimal widening of the AP diameter of the
      spinal canal is considered to be over 4 mm. From this procedure a bilateral, open
      door laminoplasty has been devised for extensive exploration at the intradural
      space.

PMID- 6420894
TI  - Acute leukemia in adults: cost effectiveness of treatment.
AB  - Costs of treating 174 adult patients with acute leukemia were compiled and
      analyzed over the five-year period 1974 to 1979. The average overall cost per
      patient was $18,760, and increased over the period of study. Increased total
      hospital costs were incurred by patients who achieved a favorable response to
      induction chemotherapy and by those with a diagnosis of acute lymphocytic
      leukemia (ALL). To assess the impact of successful treatment on hospital
      expenditures, total months of survival were compared with total hospital costs to
      determine cost per month of life. Using this analysis, improved survival,
      favorable response to chemotherapy, and a diagnosis of ALL were associated with
      significant decreases in cost per month of life. The long-term survivors (alive
      greater than or equal to 2 years from diagnosis) best demonstrated this effect,
      with a mean hospital cost per month of survival from diagnosis of $563, which was
      significantly less than $6,937 for those who achieved a partial remission,
      $10,703 for those with treatment failure, and $8,240 for those who were
      untreated. These costs linked to outcome are comparable to those reported in
      other disorders that require prolonged and intensive hospital care. With the
      progressive improvement in response rate and in percentage of long-term survivors
      that is being observed in adults with acute leukemia, these costs should continue
      to decrease.

PMID- 6420896
TI  - [Effects of slow-acting antirheumatic drugs on blast formation of normal
      lymphocytes].

PMID- 6420897
TI  - Caesarean section in a patient with low serum cholinesterase activity following
      plasmapheresis. A case report and review.
AB  - Plasmapheresis has been used in the control of rhesus incompatibility in
      pregnancy, resulting in a marked reduction in serum cholinesterase activity. A
      number of these patients will subsequently require anaesthesia and hence be at
      risk from suxamethonium sensitivity. A caesarean section was performed on a 26
      year-old patient with this condition. The pre-operative preparation and
      anaesthetic management are presented and the specific problems discussed.

PMID- 6420898
TI  - Serum digoxin levels--a cost/benefit analysis.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 132 determinations of serum digoxin levels and the
      relevant sampling information has brought the value of this test into question.
      Two-thirds of the samples were of no clinical use; half of these were not
      accompanied by any sampling information and for the other half sampling times
      were incorrect. Only one-third were accompanied by the necessary information and
      had been taken at the correct times and were consequently of use. These findings
      emphasize the need to train medical practitioners in basic pharmacokinetic
      principles which, in turn, would result in samples for such tests being taken at
      the times essential for meaningful interpretation of results.

PMID- 6420899
TI  - Beneficial effect of sodium valproate and baclofen in spasmodic torticollis. A
      case report.
AB  - A 47-year-old man of Irish descent was severely disabled by idiopathic spasmodic
      torticollis. Sodium valproate (Epilim) and baclofen (Lioresal) in combination
      provided marked relief maintained for over 6 months. No adverse or toxic effects
      were recorded during treatment. This is believed to be the first report in the
      literature on the efficacy of this drug combination in the treatment of
      idiopathic spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 6420900
TI  - Complications of early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Blacks and
      Indians.
AB  - Blacks and Indians with early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
      were studied in order to assess the prevalence of acute and chronic
      complications. Of the 92 Blacks almost 70% developed ketoacidotic coma on one or
      more occasions, whereas 50% of the 41 Indians manifested this complication. Most
      of the chronic complications were related to duration of IDDM. Retinopathy was
      found in 14% of the Black and 22% of the Indian patients, nephropathy in 3% and
      7% and neuropathy in 22% and 32% respectively. Compared with findings in other
      studies, IDDM in these population groups is not associated with a particularly
      high prevalence of chronic complications.

PMID- 6420901
TI  - Factitious hypoglycaemia in a rural black man. A case report.
AB  - An unusual case of factitious hypoglycaemia is described. The distinction between
      exogenous and endogenous hyperinsulinism is illustrated.

PMID- 6420902
TI  - The effect of ventilatory patterns on prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in the lung.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) appears to be synthesized in the lungs of man and
      experimental animals. It has been stated that PGI2 must be regarded as a local
      hormone that inhibits platelet adhesion to vessel walls only very close to the
      site of synthesis. The wide range of normal values given for PGI2 may be related
      to the sensitivity and exclusiveness of the different assay techniques used. In
      animals hyperventilation increases PGI2 synthesis by the lung, but in agreement
      with other authors we demonstrated that hyperventilation did not influence PGI2
      synthesis in man. We used a radio-immunoassay technique to estimate PGI2 levels.

PMID- 6420903
TI  - Nitradisc in unstable angina pectoris and continuing chest pain after acute
      myocardial infarct.

PMID- 6420904
TI  - Total intravenous anaesthesia using low-dose ketamine infusion for caesarean
      section. A comparison with a standard inhalation anaesthetic technique.
AB  - Anaesthesia was induced in 65 parturients undergoing elective caesarean section
      with thiopentone 3,5 mg/kg and suxamethonium 1,5 mg/kg intravenously. For
      anaesthetic maintenance patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients
      in group A were ventilated with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen, supplemented with
      0,6-0,8% enflurane and 50 mg pethidine given intravenously after delivery. Group
      B patients were ventilated with 50% oxygen in nitrogen and received a continuous
      intravenous infusion of ketamine (70 micrograms/kg/min), with 5 mg diazepam
      intravenously following delivery. All patients received intravenous alcuronium
      0,2 mg/kg. Inspired oxygen concentration (0,5) and end-tidal carbon dioxide
      tensions (4,0-5,0 kPa), were standardized. Despite a high incidence of
      predelivery hypotension in group A but not in group B, the fetal acid-base
      status, materno-placento-fetal exchange and immediate clinical state of the
      neonates were comparable. Neonatal neurobehavioural assessment scores assessed 2
      4 hours after birth favoured the inhalation technique, but this difference
      disappeared at 24 hours. A higher incidence of factual recall in group B (14,3%
      v. 7,4%), frequently painful (10,7% v. 0%), the reporting of unpleasant dreams
      and a lack of significant postoperative analgesia makes the ketamine infusion
      technique unsatisfactory.

PMID- 6420905
TI  - Gonococcal attachment to eukaryotic cells.
AB  - The attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to eukaryotic cells grown in tissue
      culture was analyzed by use of light and electron microscopy and by labeling of
      the bacteria with [3H]- and [14C]adenine. Isogenic piliated and nonpiliated N.
      gonorrhoeae from opaque and transparent colonies were studied. The results of
      light microscopy studies showed that the gonococci attached to cells of human
      origin, including Flow 2000, HeLa 229, and HEp 2. Studies using radiolabeled
      gonococci gave comparable results. Piliated N. gonorrhoeae usually attached in
      larger numbers than nonpiliated organisms, and those from opaque colonies
      attached more often than isogenic variants from transparent colonies. Day-to-day
      variation in rate of attachment was observed. Scanning electron microscopy
      studies showed the gonococcal attachment to be specific for microvilli of the
      host cells. It is concluded that more N. gonorrhoeae from opaque colonies, as
      compared with isogenic variants from transparent colonies, attach to eukaryotic
      cells grown in tissue culture.

PMID- 6420906
TI  - A preliminary evaluation of the Gonozyme test.
AB  - Gonozyme is a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay that detects antigens of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens. The test was 100% sensitive and 96.8% specific
      when applied to 71 urethral specimens from men with symptomatic urethritis, and
      89.5% specific for 19 urethral specimens from men examined after eradication of
      gonorrhea by antibiotics. For cervical specimens obtained before therapy from 368
      women with gonorrhea, the Gonozyme test had a sensitivity of 88.5% and a
      specificity of 94.3%. The test was 100% specific when used for testing of 37
      cervical specimens obtained after therapy of gonorrhea. The predictive values of
      a positive Gonozyme test were 90.5% for cervical specimens from women attending a
      sexually transmitted disease clinic and 97% for urethral specimens from men with
      urethritis. The predictive values of negative Gonozyme tests in these same
      circumstances were 100% for urethral specimens and 93.6% for cervical specimens.

PMID- 6420908
TI  - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in men with single-dose moxalactam.
AB  - Men with uncomplicated urethral or rectal infection due to beta-lactamase
      negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae were treated with single doses of moxalactam (1.0
      g given intramuscularly). Urethral or anorectal infection was eradicated in 95 of
      100 men who returned for follow-up visits three to eight days after treatment;
      four of eight pharyngeal gonococcal infections were eradicated. The geometric
      mean minimal inhibitory concentration of moxalactam for 119 pretreatment
      gonococcal isolates was 0.088 micrograms/ml (range, 0.008-1.0 microgram/ml), and
      gonococci isolated from homosexual men were significantly more resistant to
      moxalactam and penicillin G than were isolates from heterosexual men. Post
      gonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 24 (29%) of 84 subjects who were
      followed for 12-30 days; 17 (71%) of the cases of PGU were due to Chlamydia
      trachomatis. Among 21 homosexual men with rectal gonorrhea, five (24%) had
      coexisting rectal infection with C. trachomatis. Moxalactam is comparable to
      other single-dose regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated urethral or
      anorectal gonorrhea in men due to beta-lactamase-negative N. gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6420907
TI  - Attachment of two auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cells of donors of
      African, European, and Indian descent.
AB  - Gonococci of the Arg-, Hyx-, Ura- auxotype are isolated most commonly from white
      patients and seldom from black patients. Five gonococcal isolates of the Arg-,
      Hyx-, Ura- auxotype and five of the Pro- auxotype were tested for their ability
      to attach to buccal epithelial cells or to attach or be ingested by
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes taken from two individuals each of three different
      racial backgrounds: European-American (caucasian), black American, and Indian
      from India. Despite the differences in race of the six individuals, there were no
      differences in the attachment or ingestion of the two gonococcal auxotypes to the
      two different cell types. The study does not explain why the Arg-, Hyx-, Ura-
      auxotype is isolated more frequently from whites.

PMID- 6420909
TI  - Physician utilization of a gonococcal antibody screening test.
AB  - A gonococcal antibody test was introduced for use by the physician-clients of a
      private reference laboratory accompanied by distribution of literature regarding
      recommended use and interpretation of the test. The pattern of use of the tests
      was analyzed, and a telephone survey of clients was conducted to determine the
      manner of physician utilization of the test with regard to 69 patients with
      reactive test results. Despite recommendations to the contrary, the group
      surveyed used the test for males (22%) and symptomatic individuals (61%). Culture
      for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was not performed for 54% of patients with reactive
      tests for antibody to N. gonorrhoeae. Most physicians interviewed did not heed
      recommendations for the use of the test or correctly interpret test results.

PMID- 6420910
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis: probabilities and provisos.

PMID- 6420911
TI  - The genetic relation between Mycoplasma hominis and other Mycoplasma species.
AB  - Purified preparations of DNA from five Mycoplasma species of human origin,
      including Mycoplasma hominis, were analyzed for homology. In general, very low
      level homology (less than 0.5%) was found, but two pairs of species showed
      greater homology: M. hominis and Mycoplasma salivarium were related by a 2.6%
      homology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium (a proposed new
      species) were related by a 1.8% homology. These results indicate that the species
      involved are distinct but distantly related to each other.

PMID- 6420912
TI  - [Evolutionary processes of attrition in molars].

PMID- 6420913
TI  - [Dentistry and interdisciplinary fields: morphological studies of teeth].

PMID- 6420914
TI  - [IgM myeloma].

PMID- 6420915
TI  - [Cellular immunology status in 5 hemophilic patients with inhibitors subjected to
      massive therapy with factor VIII concentrate].

PMID- 6420916
TI  - Two Broviac catheters for intensive long term support of patients with cancer.
AB  - Two Broviac catheters were placed simultaneously in 93 patients who required
      prolonged intravenous support while receiving chemotherapy or a bone marrow
      transplant. The technique involved two venotomies in a single vein and was
      performed under local anesthesia in the operating room. Pancytopenia was not
      considered a contraindication. Blood sampling and intensive treatment with blood
      products, chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition and multiple antibiotics were
      facilitated by these durable, well-tolerated Silastic catheters. Patients were
      taught to care for them following discharge, and the majority of catheters were
      used for outpatient treatment. The few complications encountered were compensated
      for by the convenience and safety of the double Broviac method. The danger of
      chemotherapy extravasation was completely obviated, as were the complications of
      repeated central line insertion, and the anxiety and pain associated with
      multiple unsuccessful attempts at venipuncture. Because of the enthusiastic
      acceptance of long term Silastic catheters by patients and nursing staff, we
      regard this technique was a step forward in solving the problem of difficult
      vascular access in cancer patients.

PMID- 6420917
TI  - Rapid and accurate diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis with computed
      tomography stereotaxic biopsy.
AB  - Four patients with suspected herpes simplex encephalitis underwent cerebral
      biopsies using a stereotaxic technique coupled with computed tomography (CT)
      scanning. Typical histopathologic features of viral encephalitis were identified
      on frozen section, allowing rapid introduction of systemic antiviral therapy.
      Herpes simplex virus was isolated from cultures from the brain within 24-48
      hours. Despite antiviral therapy, three patients died and the fourth patient
      remains severely neurologically impaired. Treatment was started too late in the
      clinical course to be effective. To reduce the strikingly high mortality and
      morbidity associated with herpes simplex encephalitis, a biopsy must be performed
      as early as possible to confirm the diagnosis or to exclude other treatable
      conditions. Appropriate antiviral therapy must be predicated on a positive biopsy
      and instituted immediately after diagnosis. We prefer the CT stereotaxic
      technique to other biopsy methods because it defines the involved locus in the
      brain, obviates the need for other time-consuming neurodiagnostic procedures, and
      provides 1-mm accuracy in reaching the desired biopsy site. Performed early in
      the clinical course, CT stereotaxic biopsy provides rapid histologic and
      virologic diagnosis and may eventually reduce the still unacceptably high
      mortality and morbidity associated with herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 6420918
TI  - Comparison between absorbable and nonabsorbable, monofilament sutures for end-to
      end arterial anastomoses in growing pigs.
AB  - End-to-end anastomoses of the iliac arteries in growing pigs were constructed
      with interrupted 7-0 absorbable polydioxanone (PDS) or polypropylene (Prolene)
      sutures. Comparison between the two monofilament suture materials was made with
      respect to macroscopic and microscopic examinations, angiographic findings,
      recorded tensile breaking forces, and calculated blood flow values within the
      arterial walls at the level of the anastomoses. The angiographic examinations and
      the recorded tensile breaking forces did not reveal any difference between PDS-
      and Prolene-sutured anastomoses. On the other hand, the macroscopic findings, the
      histologic examination, and the calculated blood flow values (6.1 +/- 4.7 and
      16.8 +/- 2.3 ml/min/100 gm for PDS- and Prolene-sutured anastomoses,
      respectively) point to a far more pronounced inflammatory tissue reaction with
      Prolene. The obtained differences clearly suggest the use of absorbable PDS
      instead of nonabsorbable Prolene sutures for arterial anastomoses.

PMID- 6420919
TI  - Bleeding esophageal varices and portal vein thrombosis after pancreatic mixed
      cell autotransplantation.
AB  - A patient with chronic pancreatitis caused by congenital pancreatic duct atresia
      underwent total pancreatectomy and mixed-cell pancreatic autotransplantation by
      portal vein embolization. Two years later she developed massive upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding from gastroesophageal varices and required a mesocaval
      H graft. The cause of the portal hypertension was portal vein thrombosis caused
      by portal vein infusion of pancreatic homogenate, and it represents a serious
      complication of the procedure. Although this is the second report of portal
      hypertension that required portasystemic shunting after islet cell
      autotransplantation, it is the first reported case of the development of bleeding
      esophageal varices caused by portal vein thrombosis after pancreatic islet cell
      transplantation.

PMID- 6420920
TI  - Pseudomonas vertebral osteomyelitis following open heart surgery: case report.

PMID- 6420921
TI  - The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on endothelial cells and their
      production of prostacyclin, thromboxane and platelet inhibitory activity.
AB  - Primary cultures of human endothelial cell monolayers were incubated with albumin
      bound fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 families for a maximum of 24 hrs, to
      investigate the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2 and platelet inhibitory
      activity (PIA). Arachidonic acid was a potent stimulator of all parameters. The
      release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly reduced by equimolar
      concentrations of linoleic, dihomogamma linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids, but
      not by linolenic acid. PIA was not similarily affected. Dihomogamma linolenic
      acid was also a weak stimulator of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PIA, but reduced the
      content of both in the cells after 24 hrs. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic
      acids both depressed 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production but PIA was maintained after 24
      hrs. Indomethacin always blocked 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PIA production. None of
      the effects correlated to release of 51CR from prelabelled cells.

PMID- 6420922
TI  - Investigations of the lupus-like inhibitor by-passing activity of platelets.
AB  - Plasmas from ten patients with a lupus or lupus-like inhibitor were investigated.
      In each case the partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK) was prolonged and
      failed to correct on the addition of an equal volume of normal plasma. Activated
      control platelets corrected the inhibitory effect in the PTTK or thrombin
      generation time (TGT) in every instance. Activated autologous platelets were as
      effective as control platelets and may thus explain why bleeding is rarely
      associated with the lupus inhibitor. Experiments using platelets or plasma from
      patients congenitally deficient in a single clotting factor or normal washed
      platelets resuspended in deficient plasma indicated that the inhibitor by-passing
      activity is platelet and not plasma derived. Platelet fractionation studies
      suggested that this activity is localised at the platelet membrane.

PMID- 6420923
TI  - Mepacrine blockade of arachidonate-induced washed platelet aggregation:
      relationship to mepacrine inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase.
AB  - Mepacrine, in addition to its established antilipolytic activity, was also found
      to inhibit the conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to 14C-thromboxane B2 in human
      washed platelets. In the concentration range of 3.33-33 microM, meparcrine
      exerted a dose dependent inhibition of arachidonate conversion to thromboxane B2
      in parallel to inhibition of arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation. Mepacrine
      inhibition of thromboxane formation was not accompanied by a concomitant increase
      in other cyclooxygenase products. Furthermore, mepacrine did not affect platelet
      transformation of added prostaglandin H2 to thromboxane A2 and other products.
      These results indicate that mepacrine inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme and not
      thromboxane synthase. In washed platelets, mepacrine inhibition of arachidonic
      acid conversion to thromboxane A2 appears to be a major factor in the overall
      inhibitory effect of the compound on the combined process of arachidonate release
      from cellular phospholipids and its conversion to proaggregatory products.

PMID- 6420924
TI  - A rapid one-step immunoradiometric assay for factor VIII-procoagulant antigen
      utilizing monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for factor VIII-procoagulant antigen (VIIICAg)
      that relies completely on monoclonal antibodies has been developed. By selecting
      an appropriate combination of these antibodies, it was possible to develop an
      assay in which the radiolabelled monoclonal antibody did not inhibit the binding
      of antigen to the solid-phase monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the entire test could
      be carried out as a one-step procedure. With this one-step assay, an amount of
      0.0025 U VIIICAg/ml plasma could be detected after 4 hr of incubation, whereas 18
      hr of incubation resulted in a lower limit of sensitivity of 0.0005 U VIIICAg/ml.
      The use of a one-step assay provides a significant advantage over the
      conventional two-step assay by simplifying, shortening and rendering the
      performance of the assay more convenient.

PMID- 6420925
TI  - Differences between heterozygous dominant and recessive von Willebrand's disease
      type I expressed by bleeding symptoms and combinations of factor VIII variables.
AB  - Three families with von Willebrand's disease (vWd) type I were investigated. A
      reliable identification of healthy and diseased individuals was achieved by
      number of bleeding symptoms, assays of bleeding time, FVIII:C (one stage and two
      stage), VIIIR:Ag (EIA) and ristocetin cofactor. The diagnoses-vWd or non-vWd were
      confirmed by laboratory indices based on predictive values of positive and
      negative tests, also including VIIIR:Ag (IRMA and RIA). The last mentioned two
      variables did not contribute to significantly better identification of vWd versus
      health. The best single test variable for this purpose was ristocetin cofactor.
      One vWd family had significantly higher levels of ristocetin cofactor and shorter
      bleeding time than the other two vWd families and is probably the typical example
      of a family transmitting classical severe vWd.

PMID- 6420926
TI  - Platelet adhesion in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts in vivo and
      the influence of increased intramuscular pressure--an experimental model.
AB  - Thrombogenicity of graft material is involved in early graft failure in small
      diameter grafts. The frequently seen postoperative swelling of the leg after
      distal revascularization may cause an increased intramuscular pressure and early
      graft failure. Pairs of 4 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were
      implanted. Autologous platelets were labeled with 111In-oxine. Platelet
      adhesiveness onto the grafts were analyzed from gamma camera images.
      Intramuscular pressures were measured with wick technique. Blood flow was
      measured. One graft served as control the other as test graft. Ninety minutes
      after declamping the i.m. pressure was increased in the test-leg to 30 mmHg, and
      later to 60 mmHg. In the control-graft platelet uptake increased to a maximum 60
      min after declamping. Blood flow and i.m. pressure remained uneffected. The test
      grafts were initially similar but when i.m. pressure was increased to 30 mmHg
      activity in the grafts increased significantly. Blood flow decreased with 12% of
      initial flow. When i.m. pressure was raised to 60 mmHg platelet uptake continued
      to increase. An increased intramuscular pressure of 30 mmHg or more significantly
      increase the amount of platelets adhering onto PTFE grafts, emphasizing the need
      for measuring intramuscular pressures after lower limb vascular
      revascularizations.

PMID- 6420927
TI  - Glucocorticoids inhibit plasminogen activator production by endothelial cells.
AB  - Confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BEC) were found to secrete
      both tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase type plasminogen
      activator (u-PA). Exposure of the cultures to increasing concentrations of
      dexamethasone resulted in a time and concentration dependent inhibition of
      cellular and secreted u-PA. Complete inhibition of u-PA production and secretion
      was found at dexamethasone concentrations of 10(-8) molar or higher. Several
      distinct PA forms with molecular weights ranging from 10,000-20,000 to greater
      than 200,000 were found in the conditioned medium of untreated BEC cultures.
      After addition of dexamethasone (10(-7) molar) to the culture medium the PAs with
      molecular weights of 117,000, 58,000, 47,000, were absent suggesting that they
      were u-PAs, whereas the PAs with molecular weights of greater than 200,000 and
      75,000 remained unchanged suggesting their t-PA origins. The PAs with lower
      molecular weights of 35,000, 28,000 and 10,000 to 20,000 were most likely
      generated from the higher molecular weight forms by limited proteolysis since
      they were absent when the medium was conditioned in the presence of the protease
      inhibitor Trasylol. The two PA types may therefore be independently regulated in
      BEC.

PMID- 6420928
TI  - The interaction between collagens and factor VIII/von Willebrand factor:
      investigation of the structural requirements for interaction.
AB  - The blood protein Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF) has been shown to
      bind to a variety of collagen polymers including (i), the native-type fibres (of
      collagens types I and III), (ii), segment-long-spacing (SLS) aggregates (of
      collagens types I, III, IV and V), (iii), the insoluble polymer obtained by
      random cross-linking of the type I monomer and (iv), the non-striated fibril (of
      type I) produced by alcohol precipitation. Relatively little binding of FVIII/VWF
      to the amorphous, non-fibrillar form of collagen (type I) produced by salt
      precipitation from acid solution was observed. No significant binding either to
      elastin or to the insoluble polymer derived by random cross-linking of bovine
      serum albumin was noted. The absorption of FVIII/VWF to collagens was affected by
      ionic concentration and FVIII/VWF was only totally bound at relatively low ionic
      strength. Binding of radiolabelled FVIII/VWF could be largely inhibited by an
      excess of the unlabelled protein. The interaction of FVIII/VWF with collagen
      fibres was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by monomeric collagen
      when present at relatively high concentrations. Gelatin did not appear to inhibit
      binding significantly. The structural requirements of collagen for binding to
      occur appear to resemble those required for collagen-induced platelet aggregation
      in which collagen quaternary structure rather than collagen type per se is the
      important factor. Loss of secondary or higher orders of structure of FVIII/VWF as
      a result of heat denaturation or reduction of disulphide bonds decreased or
      prevented binding. In accord with the association of biological activity with
      FVIII/VWF aggregates, optimal binding appeared to require the presence of
      aggregated FVIII/VWF.

PMID- 6420929
TI  - Secreted platelet thrombospondin binds monovalently to platelets and erythrocytes
      in the absence of free Ca2+.
AB  - Washed human platelets suspended in Ca2+-free buffer bind thrombospondin secreted
      in response to stimulation by the calcium ionophore A23187. Under these
      conditions, the secreted thrombospondin binds to the surface of the platelets
      monovalently, that is, the thrombospondin does not agglutinate the platelets. In
      addition, the secreted thrombospondin can bind monovalently to the surface of the
      erythrocytes used to assay the endogenous lectin of human platelets. These
      findings resolve the contradictions resulting from the apparent requirement for
      free Ca2+ in the binding of secreted thrombospondin to the plasma membranes of
      platelets, the behavior of purified thrombospondin in hemagglutination assays and
      the characteristics of the endogenous lectin (thrombospondin) expressed by
      platelets stimulated with A23187 or gamma-thrombin.

PMID- 6420930
TI  - Purification and some properties of a protein obtained from normal human plasma
      which inhibits the platelet aggregation induced by thrombotic thrombocytopenic
      purpura plasma.
AB  - Plasma from patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) caused the
      aggregation of washed human platelets, which was inhibited by preincubation with
      normal plasma. Using salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and
      preparative agarose gel electrophoresis, we purified a protein from normal plasma
      which inhibited the platelet aggregation caused by TTP plasma. On SDS
      polyacrylamide gel, the purified inhibitor gave a single band with a M.W. of
      150,000. The antiserum against the purified protein neutralized the activity of
      the inhibitor and formed an identical precipitin line against normal and TTP
      plasma.

PMID- 6420931
TI  - Application of sepharose-linked monoclonal antibodies for the immunoradiometric
      measurement of factor VIII-procoagulant antigen.

PMID- 6420932
TI  - Decreased factor VIII clotting antigen levels in the combined factor V and VIII
      deficiency.

PMID- 6420933
TI  - Surface binding, uptake and fate of cationic ferritin in a steroid producing
      ovarian cell.
AB  - Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) were exposed to cationic ferritin (CF) in an effort
      to determine the binding, intracellular fate of endocytosed negatively charged
      plasma membrane. Following labeling at zero degrees or after pre-fixation, CF
      accumulated in patches over the cell surface. Exposure to methylamine (MA)
      resulted in an even distribution of CF over the GC surface. Endocytosis occurred
      in non-clathrin coated regions of the GC surface and CF was subsequently observed
      in a variety of smooth surfaced vesicles. Following a 60 min exposure to CF many
      of the CF containing vesicles appeared to fuse with each other forming larger
      vesicles. Numerous examples of small CF containing vesicles surrounding large CF
      containing vesicles were observed. Also observed at 60 min were CF containing
      multivesicular and vesicular bodies. Tubular evaginations of the large vesicular
      structures were often observed; some containing CF. Acid phosphatase activity was
      observed in multivesicular bodies and the large CF filled vesicles. CF-containing
      vesicles were also observed in the Golgi region, but CF was never observed in the
      saccules of this organelle. Our study suggests that endocytosed CF does not pass
      through the Golgi complex. Many of the internalized vesicles become associated
      with the lysosomal system. Since GC's secrete progesterone in culture, these
      observations may indicate that membrane recycling in steroid secreting cells
      differs from protein secreting cells.

PMID- 6420934
TI  - Lamellar bodies are the intracellular site of membrane turnover in insect fat
      body.
AB  - Analysis of the time course of highly cationic ferritin uptake by fat body cells
      has shown that the tracer bound to the plasma membrane and was pinocytosed by
      coated vesicles. The first sites of intracellular accumulation were
      multivesicular bodies which became filled with ferritin between 30-60 min after
      cells were exposed to the tracer. At no time during the experiments were any
      parts of the Golgi complex labeled by the tracer. By 60 min, the ferritin was
      increasingly found in lamellar bodies. The different types of 'light' and 'dark'
      multivesicular bodies suggest that lamellar bodies form from multivesicular
      bodies as they fill with tracer. The occurrence of lamellar bodies in many
      different cell types suggests an important role in membrane dynamics.

PMID- 6420935
TI  - [Medical information for nurses. Intravenous feeding].

PMID- 6420936
TI  - Reproduction and teratology studies on hexamethylmelamine in the rat and rabbit.
AB  - The antineoplastic drug hexamethylmelamine (HMM) was evaluated for effects on
      reproduction and postnatal development in the rat and on embryonal and fetal
      development in the rat and rabbit. Daily po treatment of male rats for 62 days
      with doses of 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day resulted in testicular atrophy, reduced
      fertility, and a possible dominant lethal mutagenic effect at the higher two dose
      levels. Alterations in morphology and function of the beta cells of the
      pancreatic islets were observed after treatment of males for more than 28 days
      with 20 or 40 mg/kg/day. The same dose levels administered to female rats for 14
      days prior to breeding and through Day 13 or 20 of gestation had no adverse
      effects on fertility, but the highest dose was embryocidal and postnatal survival
      was decreased at both the 20- and 40-mg/kg/day dose levels. Similar effects on
      postnatal survival were observed when the drug was administered by gavage to rats
      during the last week of gestation and throughout the lactation period. Treatment
      of pregnant rats throughout organogenesis (Days 6 to 15) or for 4-day intervals
      during organogenesis (Days 6 to 9, 9 to 12, or 12 to 15) with po doses ranging
      from 20 to 80 mg/kg/day resulted in decreased body weight gain and food
      consumption, an increased resorption rate in dams receiving 80 mg/kg/day on Days
      6 to 9, and decreased fetal weights at all dose levels and most treatment
      intervals. The incidence of minor skeletal defects was increased among litters of
      HMM-treated groups. Major fetal malformations were limited in number but were
      considered treatment related. Treatment of pregnant rabbits po on Days 6 to 18 of
      gestation with doses of 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day did not result in an
      embryocidal or teratogenic effect. Treatment with 60 mg/kg/day did, however,
      result in decreased kit weights, indicating a mild embryo-fetotoxic effect.

PMID- 6420937
TI  - Pancreatic beta cell vacuolation in rats after oral administration of
      hexamethylmelamine.
AB  - The effects of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) on morphology and function of the
      endocrine pancreas were investigated following the induction of a diabetic-like
      syndrome in a reproduction study in rats. Doses of 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day
      were administered once daily, by gavage, to groups of 10 male and 10 female
      Sprague-Dawley rats for up to 77 days. Signs of toxicity were observed at all
      treatment levels and were of such severity at 80 mg/kg/day that this group was
      terminated after 8 days of treatment. Measurement of serum glucose levels
      revealed a dose- and time-related hyperglycemia in rats from the 20- and 40
      mg/kg/day groups with levels exceeding 700 mg/dl in some rats after 77 days of
      treatment. Reversal of the hyperglycemia after discontinuing treatment with HMM
      occurred in some rats receiving 20 mg/kg/day, whereas the effects of higher doses
      were still present following a 2-month recovery period. Microscopically, there
      were hydropic degeneration of renal tubular epithelium and vacuolation of
      pancreatic beta cells. Ultrastructurally, vesiculation of the Golgi-smooth
      membrane reticular complex and a marked reduction in the number of insulin
      granules were observed. It appeared that HMM exerted a disruptive effect on the
      production of insulin at or prior to the level of the Golgi complex. The severity
      and time course of morphologic changes and hyperglycemia were dependent on dose
      and duration of treatment.

PMID- 6420938
TI  - The antifertility and antiadrenergic actions of thiocarbamate fungicides in
      laying hens.
AB  - The effects of the thiocarbamate fungicides, thiram, ziram, ferbam, maneb, and
      zineb, on norepinephrine synthesis by laying hens were investigated. Inhibition
      experiments with dopamine beta-hydroxylase purified from chicken adrenals
      indicated that thiram, ziram, and ferbam are potent competitive inhibitors with
      the substrate the substrate ascorbate. Maneb and zineb were without effect at
      comparable concentrations. Experiments investigating the interaction of thiram,
      ziram, and ferbam with cupric ions suggested that these compounds probably
      inhibit the enzyme by complexing the fully oxidized copper at its active site.
      Maneb and zineb also complexed cupric ions in solution and thus their failure to
      inhibit is not due to their inability to complex copper. When tested in vivo,
      thiram, ziram, and ferbam at po doses of 2.5 mg/kg or greater significantly
      reduced the conversion of radioactive dopa, given systemically, to brain
      norepinephrine. Since they did not affect the uptake of radioactive dopa by the
      brain or its subsequent decarboxylation within the brain to yield dopamine, these
      three compounds inhibit cerebral dopamine beta-hydroxylase in vivo. In contrast
      maneb and zineb at a po dose of 20 mg/kg had no significant effect on brain
      norepinephrine synthesis. Previously published results (Weppelman et al., Biol.
      Reprod. 23, 40-46, 1980) demonstrated that thiram, ziram, and ferbam (but not
      maneb or zineb) have antifertility action in laying hens. The correlation between
      this action and inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase suggests that the
      antifertility effects of thiram, ziram, and ferbam might result from their
      antiadrenergic action. The observation that all doses of thiram in the diet which
      caused significant antigonadal action when fed to laying hens for 1 week also
      significantly decreased central and peripheral stores of norepinephrine supports
      this conclusion.

PMID- 6420940
TI  - Impairments induced by sublethal doses of two pesticides in the ovaries of a
      freshwater teleost Channa striatus Bloch.
AB  - Impairments induced by sublethal doses of two pesticides Carbaryl and Endosulfan
      have been studied on the ovaries of a freshwater teleost Channa striatus by
      exposing the fish for a period of 2 to 30 days during the spawning season. The
      pesticide exposure produced reduction in the number of oocytes, reduction in size
      and deformity in different stages of oocytes, damage to yolk vesicles in maturing
      and mature oocytes, increase in the number of atretic oocytes, development of
      interfollicular spaces, increase in the connective tissue of tunica albuginea,
      dilation of blood vessels and reduction in the gonadosomatic index. The
      histopathological effects were dependent on the dose, duration of exposure, and
      the type of pesticide. Sublethal doses of Endosulfan were more toxic than those
      of Carbaryl.

PMID- 6420939
TI  - Coordinate induction of cytochrome P-448 mediated mixed function oxidases and
      histopathologic changes produced acutely in chick embryo liver by polychlorinated
      biphenyl congeners.
AB  - Hepatic histologic changes and induction of mixed function oxidases were examined
      and compared after administration to the chick embryo of four highly purified
      polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners: 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and
      3,4,5,3',4',5'-, 2,4,5,2',4',5'-, and 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyls (HCBs).
      The major histopathologic change was hepatocyte swelling as evidenced by
      sinusoidal narrowing. It was observed within 24 hr after PCB administration at
      doses as low as 5 nmol/egg for 3,4,3',4'-TCB and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HCB and only at
      doses of 5000 nmol/egg and higher for 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB. 2,3,6,2',3',6'-HCB was
      inactive. The histopathologic change was predominantly perivascular in
      distribution. It was accompanied by increased hepatic water content. Occasional
      hepatocytes showed nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic eosinophilia, but there was
      little histologic evidence of frank necrosis and no biochemical evidence, since
      serum glutamic-oxalic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase
      did not increase. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels were not significantly altered
      by 3,4,3',4'-TCB or 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HCB, indicating that GSH depletion does not
      have a significant role in the production of hepatotoxic changes by PCBs.
      Measurement of the degree of pathologic change indicated that 3,4,3',4'-TCB and
      3,4,5,3',4',5'-HCB were three to four orders of magnitude more potent than
      2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB both as hepatotoxins and as inducers of the cytochrome P-448
      mediated mixed function oxidases, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and 7
      ethoxyresorufin deethylase. 2,3,6,2',3',6'-HCB was inactive as an inducer as well
      as as a hepatotoxin. The findings indicate that hepatotoxic changes are
      selectively produced in the chick embryo by those PCBs that also induce
      cytochrome P-448 mediated mixed function oxidases and in that respect resemble
      other manifestations of PCB toxicity (e.g., subcutaneous and pericardial edema
      and thymic involution) in both the chicken and other species. The results support
      the hypothesis that a common initial mechanism leads both to cytochrome P-448
      type induction and to diverse manifestations of polyhalogenated hydrocarbon
      toxicity.

PMID- 6420941
TI  - [Role of radiotherapy in inflammatory local recurrence of breast cancer : first
      experiences with combined radio-chemotherapy].
AB  - Between June 1976 and October 1981 ten patients with extended inflammatory
      recurrent mammary carcinoma of the chest wall and distant metastases underwent
      sequential chemo- and radiotherapy at the University Clinic for Radiotherapy and
      Radiobiology in Vienna. Five of these patients had received local treatment of
      recurrent mammary carcinoma of the chest wall before. Eight of ten patients
      responded to therapy, 5 showed complete remission. The mean remission period of
      8.8 months for the chest wall area is significantly longer than that of distant
      metastases with 6.1 months (p less than 0.05). Local megavolt therapy has no
      influence on the mean survival time, but improves the quality of life
      considerably. All patients under treatment achieved at least 80% on the Karnofsky
      score. After a comprehensive study of recent international literature the authors
      have come to the conclusion that local and regional recurrence after initial
      treatment obviously prove an advanced stage. For this very reason the prevention
      of local regional recurrence by means of postoperative megavolt therapy is of
      great significance.

PMID- 6420942
TI  - Local vascular response to change in carbon dioxide tension. Long term
      observation in the cat's brain by means of the hydrogen clearance technique.
AB  - Thirty six small hydrogen sensitive electrodes were inserted into the brains of 6
      cats to evaluate the local vascular response to change in PaCO2, of cortex,
      subcortical white matter, and caudate nucleus. Repeated measurements (617) of
      local cerebral blood flow (ICBF) were performed over a period of 12 weeks. Within
      a PaCO2 range from 19 to 96 mmHg the local response of CBF was linear in most of
      the regions measured. The absolute local CO2 reactivity (CO2-R) showed a positive
      correlation to ICBF at PaCO2 = 40 mmHg (ICBF40) with the regression line:
      absolute CO2-R = 0.02 ICBF40 + 0.22, r = 0.71 (p less than 0.01). Therefore
      relative ICBF change was calculated in relation to ICBF40 to make comparisons
      between the CO2 response of different measuring days and of different regions
      examined. No significant change in relative CO2-R was observed during the 12
      weeks interval. Differences of relative CO2-R between investigated regions were
      insignificant. The uniformity of relative CO2 response might support the
      hypothesis of a direct effect of PaCO2 or pH on the vessel wall. For comparison
      of CBF, the individual determination of CBF40 and relative CO2-R would be
      necessary.

PMID- 6420943
TI  - Cerebral infarction associated with lupus anticoagulants--preliminary report.
AB  - Hypercoagulability may contribute to stroke in young adults. Lupus anticoagulants
      (LA) were identified in six patients (4%) of 145 young adults with cerebral
      infarction. The clinical features of the 6 patients in this survey plus an
      additional patient from another institution with LA-associated stroke are
      presented. Four had systemic lupus erythematosus and 3 had idiopathic LA; all had
      mild thrombocytopenia. In 2 patients, no other conditions associated with stroke
      were discovered after thorough evaluation. Recurrent arterial thrombosis occurred
      in 4 of 7 patients during an average of two years of follow-up. Evidence suggests
      that inhibition of prostacyclin formation may occur with LA, promoting a
      prothrombotic state.

PMID- 6420944
TI  - Effect of intracarotid hyperosmolar mannitol on cerebral cortical arterioles--a
      morphometric study.
AB  - The morphometric response of cerebral cortical arterioles to intracarotid
      hyperosmolar mannitol was assessed utilizing a technique of rapid freezing of rat
      brain tissue in vivo. A significant decrease in the wall to lumen (W/L) ratio was
      noted in the small parenchymal arterioles (20-49 mu) (p less than .0001)
      ipsilateral to the mannitol infusion. Larger arterioles showed a decreased W/L
      ratio but this change was not significant. Control infusion of 0.9% NaCl resulted
      in no change in arteriolar caliber. These results indicate that intracarotid
      hyperosmolar mannitol causes a direct vasodilatory response in small cerebral
      cortical arterioles.

PMID- 6420945
TI  - Observations of the dynamics of ionic potassium-38 in brain.
AB  - Short time course potassium dynamics in brain were investigated in the cat. 38K
      (T1/2 = 7.6m) was prepared on the BNL 60" cyclotron by the 40Ar(p, 3n)38K
      reaction. Positron decay in brain was measured by the limited angle of view
      positron camera (LAPC). Radioactivity corrected for physical decay following
      intravenous bolus injection of 38K showed an initial peak followed by a washout
      phase with a subsequent monotonic increase. The slope of the washout phase was
      linearly related to PaCO2 and the subsequent monotonic increase paralleled the
      arterial concentration of the tracer. No significant changes in 38K radioactivity
      were determined following coma producing levels of phenobarbital or seizure
      producing doses of potassium penicillin as compared to control.

PMID- 6420946
TI  - Role of intrinsic arachidonate metabolites in the vascular action of erythrocyte
      breakdown products.
AB  - In helically-cut strips of dog basilar and mesenteric arteries, the isometric
      tension developed by application of ghost-free hemolysate from dog erythrocytes
      was recorded. The hemolysate contracted basilar arteries in a concentration
      dependent fashion, the response being attenuated by treatment with either aspirin
      or polyphloretin phosphate, a prostaglandin antagonist. Mesenteric arteries were
      contracted only slightly by high concentrations of hemolysate. When the
      mesenteric arteries had partially been contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha or
      norepinephrine, the hemolysate induced relaxations, which were abolished by
      aspirin in approximately half the preparations used. Studies on rat stomach
      strips exposed to superfusate of dog cerebral arteries showed a release of
      prostaglandin-like substance by the hemolysate application. It may be concluded
      that the hemolysate contracts basilar arteries and relaxes mesenteric arteries,
      mainly through prostaglandins synthesized in and released from the vascular wall.
      Such a mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm
      following a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 6420947
TI  - Hypoaggregability of washed platelets from stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHRSP).
AB  - The aggregation properties of washed SHRSP platelets were investigated in
      comparison with normotensive WKY platelets at prehypertensive (4 weeks), early
      hypertensive (11 weeks) and late hypertensive (17 weeks) ages in the absence of
      plasma factors. The number of platelets in SHRSP was markedly lower with the
      development of hypertension than that in WKY. The thrombin- and collagen-induced
      aggregation was markedly reduced in the platelets from 11 and 17 week old SHRSP
      compared with that of age-matched WKY, whereas the degree of platelet aggregation
      in 4 week old SHRSP showed a tendency to be even greater than that in WKY. The
      changes in blood pressure and platelet aggregability were correlated inversely.
      ADP did not induce aggregation in the same system used for thrombin and collagen
      stimulation but in another system it aggregated washed rat platelets. Aggregation
      responses to ADP and ionophore A23187 were also significantly lower in 14 week
      old SHRSP platelets than age-matched WKY platelets. Together with other evidence,
      these results suggest that defective Ca2+ function, rather than the presence of
      exhausted platelets, is responsible for hypoaggregability in SHRSP platelets.

PMID- 6420949
TI  - [Indications for and use of ceramic implants of aluminum oxide (Biolox)].

PMID- 6420948
TI  - Comparative studies of regional CNS blood flow autoregulation and responses to
      CO2 in the cat. Effects of altering arterial blood pressure and PaCO2 on rCBF of
      cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
AB  - Autoregulation and CO2 responses were investigated concurrently in cerebrum,
      cerebellum, and spinal cord of 19 cats by means of hydrogen clearance. Under
      ketamine and nitrous oxide anesthesia at normal systemic mean arterial blood
      pressure (MABP 123 +/- 18.4 mmHg, mean +/- standard deviation) blood flow was 86
      +/- 30.0 ml/100 g/min in the cerebrum, 48 +/- 13.6 ml/100 g/min in the
      cerebellum, and 46 +/- 18.7 ml/100 g/min in the spinal cord. During normocapnia
      (PaCO2 27-33 mmHg) for every mmHg of PaCO2 variation an average flow change of
      1.7 ml/100 g/min was found in the cerebrum, corresponding change rates in the
      cerebellum and in the spinal cord were 1.1 and 0.9 ml/100 g/min/mmHg,
      respectively. Thus, the effect of carbon dioxide appears to be positively
      correlated with the normal level of regional perfusion and metabolism. Flow
      values within 10% of control were recorded in the cerebrum at MABPs ranging from
      79 to 123% of normal blood pressure, 53 to 146% in the cerebellum, and 83 to 128%
      in the spinal cord. These results suggest greater susceptibility to pressure
      dependent ischemia of cerebrum and spinal cord, with relative resistance of the
      cerebellum.

PMID- 6420950
TI  - [Nutrition and dental caries. Non-cariogenic between-meal snacks and sweets: a
      marketplace for small and average-size businesses in the food industry. An
      interview with Dr. med. dent. T. Imfeld].

PMID- 6420951
TI  - Staphylococci adherence to trypanosomes exposed to immune sera as a method for
      the diagnosis of Chagas' disease.
AB  - A new method, the staphylococci adherence test (SAT), for the serological
      diagnosis of Chagas' disease is described; it is based on the affinity of
      staphylococcal Protein A for IgG globulins and uses epimastigotes of Trypanosoma
      cruzi which are fixed on to glass slides and incubated stepwise with probing sera
      and a Staphylococcus aureus A suspension. After Giemsa staining, epimastigote
      preparations which have been incubated with positive sera appear covered by
      cocci. Results using indirect immunofluorescence, complement fixation and SAT
      were in agreement in 98.37% of 860 human sera. A slightly modified SAT (SAT') may
      also be utilized for the diagnosis of acute Chagas' disease. The simplicity of
      the method may allow its adaptation for field work. Other possible uses were
      investigated.

PMID- 6420952
TI  - Blood group terminology: current conventions.

PMID- 6420953
TI  - Acquisition of K:1-like antigen during terminal sepsis.
AB  - This report describes a patient whose own and transfused K:-1 red cell
      populations became strongly K:1 during a terminal episode of sepsis due to a
      group D streptococcus organism, Streptococcus faecium. Subsequent in vitro
      studies using normal K:-1 red cells inoculated with that organism showed that it
      could render the red cells agglutinable by reagents containing IgG anti-K1. In
      addition, disrupted S. faecium organisms rendered Jkb-negative red cells
      agglutinable by those reagents.

PMID- 6420954
TI  - Effect of circulating immune complexes on transfusional therapy in patients with
      hemophilia or von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were examined in patients with hemophilia or von
      Willebrand's disease in order to determine the immediate or long-term side
      effects after transfusion. The conglutinin binding assay which allows
      quantitation of C3bi-bearing immune complexes was used for 82 patients with
      hemophilia A. Immune complexes were detected in 37 (45%) of these cases prior to
      transfusion. Immune complexes also were detected in four of 11 patients with
      hemophilia A and factor VIII inhibitors, in five of 11 patients with hemophilia
      B, and in three of 10 patients with von Willebrand's disease. The levels of
      circulating immune complexes in 21 patients with hemophilia A and seven with von
      Willebrand's disease significantly increased 24 hours after concentrate or
      cryoprecipitate transfusions. Purified immune complexes from three patients with
      hemophilia A were shown to contain IgG, IgM, and complement components. No factor
      VIII coagulant or antigenic protein or fibrinogen was identified in the immune
      complexes using specific antisera. Side effects immediately after transfusion
      were not associated with immune complexes. The levels of factor VIII or IX after
      transfusion were not particularly decreased in relation to the presence of immune
      complexes. Finally, the presence of circulating immune complexes in the patients
      studied did not correlate with the number of transfusions, the units of
      concentrates injected, the presence of HBsAg or HbsAb, the levels of plasma
      aspartate transferase, or the presence of rheumatoid factor. Proteinuria was
      absent in all the patients studied.

PMID- 6420955
TI  - Fibronectin in liquid and frozen stored blood components.
AB  - To quantitate the concentration of fibronectin in blood components to determine
      if the fibronectin present in liquid and frozen stored blood products
      deteriorates in vitro, we measured the concentration of this opsonic protein at
      the beginning and at the end of storage. In addition, electroblotting studies
      were performed to ascertain if aggregation or degradation of fibronectin occurred
      during component preparation or storage. Results showed that fibronectin
      concentration was stable in whole blood, single donor plasma, platelet
      concentrates, fresh-frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. By electroblotting,
      aggregated or degraded fibronectin was found in some components, especially
      cryoprecipitate. Most of the fibronectin, however, appeared to be unaffected by
      component preparation or storage.

PMID- 6420956
TI  - Swedish thoughts on Du nomenclature.

PMID- 6420957
TI  - Clinical heart-lung transplantation.
AB  - Combined heart and lung transplantation was carried out in thirteen patients at
      Stanford University between March 1981 and May 1983. The recipients were between
      22 and 45 years old. All patients were suffering from end-stage pulmonary
      hypertension; nine patients had Eisenmenger's syndrome; the remaining four were
      transplanted for primary pulmonary hypertension. Three patients died within one
      month of surgery. The remainder are well at between 22 months and three weeks
      from operation. The duration of stay in the hospital for the surviving patients
      ranged from 38 to 85 days. The immunosuppressive protocol has been essentially
      the same for all recipients, and has consisted of cyclosporine with an initial
      course of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) with azathioprine given for the
      first two weeks, and then replaced with prednisone. Rejection, as diagnosed by
      cardiac biopsy, was treated with pulses of methylprednisolone. Early
      complications included bleeding that necessitated reexploration (five patients);
      damage to the vagus, recurrent laryngeal, or phrenic nerves (three patients); and
      failure of the donor lungs (one patient). Modifications of technique that have
      developed include removal of the recipient heart and lungs separately, and
      preservation of the lungs with a modified Collins' solution instead of a
      cardioplegic solution. The results of this operation are considerably superior to
      clinical efforts in lung transplantation. The combined operation may be
      preferable for the following reasons: All diseased tissue is removed, thus
      eliminating recurrent infection, and also perfusion/ventilation disparity.
      Transplantation of the entire heart and lung block preserves coronary-tracheal
      vascular anastomoses and makes airway dehiscence less likely. Diagnosis of
      rejection by cardiac biopsy seems to be a satisfactory method of diagnosis and
      treatment of pulmonary rejection.

PMID- 6420958
TI  - Recruitment of cytotoxic cells by ectopic grafts of xenogeneic, but not
      allogeneic, trophoblast.
AB  - In previous studies we showed that survival of Mus caroli embryos in the Mus
      musculus uterus was dependent on trophoblast genotype; M musculus trophoblast was
      protective while M caroli trophoblast was not. In this report we compare the
      immune response of M musculus to ectopic grafts of pure trophoblast of M caroli
      and M musculus genotypes to elucidate further differences between the properties
      of trophoblast from the two species that might account for the failure of M
      caroli trophoblast to protect the fetus. Grafts of M caroli or DBA/2J
      ectoplacental cone (EPC) or embryonic tissue (E) were placed beneath the renal
      capsule of Ha(ICR) mice that were untreated or had been immunized with M caroli
      lymphocytes or with P815 mastocytoma cells. No consistent morphological
      difference could be demonstrated between the xenografts and allografts by gross
      or histological examination. Cellular infiltration of allogeneic and xenogeneic
      EPC graft sites occurred in immunized mice within 5 days of grafting. Cells
      specifically cytotoxic to M caroli lymphoblasts were isolated from the xenogeneic
      graft sites, but no allogeneically sensitized cytotoxic cells could be
      demonstrated. These results show that xenoantigens expressed on trophoblast
      induce a cytotoxic immune response more readily than alloantigens.

PMID- 6420959
TI  - Nonsteroid antiinflammatory agents as a substitute treatment for steroids in
      ATGAM-treated cadaver kidney recipients.
AB  - A nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent (Ibuprofen) was used in a controlled
      randomized study to determine its ability to replace steroids in the prophylaxis
      of cadaveric kidney rejection. Thirty-three cadaver kidney recipients were
      randomly assigned either to a control group (16 patients) receiving azathioprine,
      high doses of prednisolone, and antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) for three months,
      or to an experimental group (17 patients) receiving azathioprine and ATGAM
      according to the same protocol, ibuprofen instead of steroids. The frequency of
      rejection was higher in the experimental group (2.18 episodes per patient) than
      in the control group (1.44 episodes per patient). Nevertheless, in the
      experimental group 5 patients had no early rejection episode, 60% of early
      rejections were totally reversible without steroids, and 3 patients never
      received steroids at all during the first year and had normal renal function and
      biopsies. Steroids had to be introduced in the treatment of 14 patients, but
      after an average period of 32.5 days after surgery OKT3+ cell level was higher in
      the experimental group than in the control group, but similar to the OKT3+ cell
      level of patients receiving conventional therapy without ATGAM. Whatever the type
      of treatment, an increase in the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was associated in most cases
      with increased serum creatinine values. Conversely, a decreased OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio
      associated with renal failure was found in cases showing biological evidence of
      cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 6420960
TI  - Recovery of in vivo cellular immunity after human marrow grafting. Influence of
      time postgrafting and acute graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Three hundred thirty-two marrow graft recipients and 241 healthy marrow donors
      were studied by skin testing with recall and neoantigens. Two hundred thirty
      patients with leukemia and seventy-eight patients with aplastic anemia received
      allogeneic HLA-identical sibling marrow. Twenty-four patients with leukemia
      received syngeneic marrow. The conditioning regimen prior to marrow infusion
      consisted of 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 9.2-15.75 Gy total-body irradiation
      (leukemia) or 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (aplastic anemia). The patients were
      skin-tested with the neoantigens dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin, and a battery of five recall antigens around 100, 150, 365, 730,
      1095, 1460, and 1825 days after grafting. A binary logistic regression analysis
      was used to investigate the factors thought to influence immunocompetence. At 3
      months postgrafting, the proportion of patients positive to DNCB was equal to
      that of normal marrow donors, but thereafter it was lower until 2 years. The
      proportion of patients positive to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was lower than
      normal regardless of the time after grafting. The proportion of patients positive
      to recall antigens was lower than that of normal marrow donors until 4 years
      after grafting. Patients with a history of acute graft-versus-host disease had
      the lowest probability of a positive reaction to recall antigens. None of the
      other factors was significantly associated with an increased or reduced level of
      response.

PMID- 6420962
TI  - Cyclosporine. Heart and lung transplantation.

PMID- 6420961
TI  - Cyclosporine does not prevent in vivo expression of T cell activation antigens
      following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6420963
TI  - Cyclosporine. Experimental transplantation. Heart and lung.

PMID- 6420964
TI  - Pleomorphism in trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi from blood and cell culture.
AB  - The sequential variation in the body type of trypomastigotes of the 'Brazil'
      strain of Trypanosoma cruzi was followed in 4 experimental models: Cultures of
      Vero fibroblasts incubated at 37 degrees C. Cultures of fish epithelial cells
      (Pimephales promelas) incubated at 37 degrees C. Blood of C3H mice inoculated
      with trypomastigotes from 37 degrees C Vero cell culture. Blood of C3H mice
      inoculated with trypomastigotes from blood of CF1 mice. In both animal models,
      the picture was similar: a great preponderance of the slender forms in the first
      days post-infection, followed by a rapid decline while the broad forms reached a
      peak level; the broad forms in turn declined in the final days, while the stout
      forms rose sharply in relative number. In the cell culture models, the same
      tendencies were visible, though less strongly marked. The possible biological and
      epidemiological significance of this constant pattern of pleomorphism is
      discussed.

PMID- 6420965
TI  - Long-term treatment of onchocerciasis patients from the Liberian rain-forest with
      low doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate after complete nodulectomy.
AB  - 60 completely nodulectomized volunteers from the Liberian rain-forest were given
      an initial treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C) for one week with
      gradually increasing doses up to a total of 1.1 g per patient. A long-term
      treatment followed with 50 mg DEC-C per week for 12 months. Immediately after the
      initial treatment the mean microfilarial density decreased to 4% to 6% of the pre
      treatment level. After one year the microfilarial density had again increased to
      12% to 29% of the pre-treatment level. Although the intake of the weekly 50 mg
      DEC-C was in no case regular, the microfilarial densities could be kept at a low
      level throughout the trial. However, even with the combined treatment--preceding
      nodulectomy and long-term trial with DEC-C--it was not possible to get the
      patients free from microfilariae.

PMID- 6420966
TI  - [Pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum with cancerous transformation and bone
      metastasis].

PMID- 6420967
TI  - [Control of the use of laxatives in a long-term care hospital].

PMID- 6420968
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6420969
TI  - Clinical observations on sterilizing cystoscopes with glutaraldehyde-phenate.

PMID- 6420970
TI  - Eye diseases of sheep and goats.

PMID- 6420971
TI  - [Histology of the oviduct epithelium of dairy cows after estrus synchronization
      with cloprostenol].
AB  - After fading away of the effect of cloprostenol contained in the Oestrophan inj.
      Spofa preparation, the qualitative and quantitative changes in the epithelium of
      oviduct ampulla and isthmus of dairy cows were studied. Three dairy cows in the
      fourth to fifth day after heat were used as control, three cows with the rectally
      palpated active corpus luteum were given 0.5 mg cloprostenol i. m. On the eighth
      day after treatment, samples were taken from ampulla and isthmus by means of
      necropsy. After histological treatment, the samples were evaluated
      microscopically. Histological staining with hematoxylin-eosine, PAS reaction and
      PAS reaction with nucleus staining with Harris hematoxylin were used to describe
      the occurrence of the so-called pale cells. In accordance with the literary data,
      these cells are believed to be intraepithelial lymphocytes, the function of which
      will have to be further researched and determined objectively. On the eighth day
      after cloprostenol administration or on the fourth to fifth day after ovulation
      in the ipsilateral ovary, a significant decrease in epithelium thickness close to
      infundibulum and in the depth of ampulla (P less than 0.001) was observed. The
      changes in the contralateral left side were not significant. After cloprostenol
      application, the multiplication of nail-like cells in the right-side oviduct
      ampulla was statistically significant (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6420972
TI  - [The effect of feeding silage juices on selected hematologic and biochemical
      parameters in the blood (serum) and urine of feedlot bulls].
AB  - The influence of silage juice feeding on the changes in 24 haematological and
      biochemical parameters in blood (blood serum) and urine of feeder bulls was
      evaluated in two comparative experiments in which no silage was included in feed
      rations. The supplement of 2 or 4 litres of juice per 100 kg of live weight
      represented a daily acidogenous stress of 0.79 to 1.93 moles of organic acids. In
      the first experiment this supplement was not proved to evoke any significant
      changes in the evaluated parameters. In the second experiment, in which the
      silage juices were enriched with sodium chloride, aqueous ammonia solution (26%)
      and molasses, a statistically significant increase in the level of beta
      hydroxybutyric acid in blood and in the corresponding sum of ketone bodies (P
      less than 0.05 to 0.01) was observed in the experimental group of animals. The
      levels of sodium in serum were also increased (P less than 0.05). The average
      weight gains of bulls belonging to the experimental group were higher than those
      in the control groups.

PMID- 6420973
TI  - [The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on liver aniline hydroxylase
      activity and on certain metabolic parameters in the blood of pigs].
AB  - For 70 days two groups of 10-week gilts were given feed supplemented with PCB
      commercial mixture of Czechoslovak make (Delor 105), at the doses of 10 and 50
      mg. .kg-1 of feed. Over the experimental period, animals were administered 1000
      mg or 5000 mg of PCB mixture. During the experimental period the levels of
      glucose, cholesterol, urea, total protein, vitamin A, calcium, inorganic
      phosphorus and the activities of AF, ALT and AST enzymes were determined twice.
      At the end of this experiment the aniline hydroxylase activity in microsomal
      fractions of liver was determined and pronounced induction effect of PCB on the
      enzymatic system was observed. Out of the studied metabolic parameters of blood
      plasma, the decrease in vitamin A level was significant.

PMID- 6420974
TI  - [Dynamics and distribution of T- and B-dependent lymphocytes in the lymphoid
      organs of guinea pigs in experimental ascariasis].
AB  - After experimental invasion of guinea-pigs with the eggs of Ascaris suum (5,000
      eggs per animal), the dynamics and distribution of T and B-dependent cells in
      lymphoid organs (spleen, mesenteric, hepatic and mediastinal nodes) were studied.
      The detection of both cell populations by means of rosette methods (E, EA, EAC)
      showed that in all studied organs their first increase took place on the first
      and second day after invasion. On the fifth to seventh day after invasion the
      maximum increase in T cells was observed in spleen, mesenteric and hepatic nodes
      and on the ninth day in mediastinal nodes. After an initial increase, the number
      of B cells carrying specific receptors for Fc fragment Ig (EA-rosettes) reached
      its maximum in mesenteric nodes on the fifth day, in spleen on the seventh day
      and in hepatic and mediastinal nodes on the ninth day after invasion. The maximum
      number of B cells with receptors for complement (EAC-rosettes) appeared on the
      seventh day after invasion in spleen and in hepatic and mesenteric nodes, whereas
      in mediastinal nodes on the ninth day. On the 21st day after invasion the
      percentage of T and B cells decreased to the initial values. As follows from the
      results, the dynamics and distribution of T and B-dependent cells, detected in
      corresponding organs by rosette methods, correlated with the ascaroid type of
      endogenous migration of Ascaris suum larvae.

PMID- 6420975
TI  - [The present epizootological situation in intensively bred cattle in relation to
      the morbidity and mortality of calves during their rearing].
AB  - The rise and mass incidence of intestinal and respiratory infections in calves
      kept in large herds depend on a joint influence of infective agents and numerous
      endogenous and exogenous factors, mostly with non-specific action. Therefore,
      purely medical approach fails to provide efficient prevention. Detailed
      epizootological analysis is needed for taking actual measures; the analysis
      should concern potential respiratory and intestinal pathogens and should also
      cover the persistent infections such as IBR, BVD-MD and others. The immunological
      profile of herd, very unfavorable with the high culling rate, will improve as a
      result of the introduction of a purpose-oriented vaccination programme, higher
      level of colostral nutrition, and separate rearing of calves, isolated from the
      dams, in calf houses managed by the all-in-all-out system.

PMID- 6420976
TI  - [Submicroscopic changes in the luminal cells of the endometrium in cows during
      the estrus cycle].
AB  - The structure of luminal epithelium cells in the endometrium of a cow shows
      little variation during the sexual cycle. Various coarse and irregular microvilli
      are produced on the surface of cells in pro-oestrus and oestrus. Starting from
      pro-oestrus, the relative volume of mitochondria increases to culminate in met
      oestrus and di-oestrus. Their highest number was observed in oestrus; in met
      oestrus they enlarge and many of them gradually disintegrate during di-oestrus.
      The maximum development of granular endoplasmic reticulum was observed in
      oestrus. The quantitative proportion of smooth membranes is small and their
      volume and surface area increase from the lowest values in di-oestrus up to
      culmination in oestrus. The highest number of lysosomes was observed at the end
      of sexual cycle and in pro-oestrus. In oestrus and met-oestrus the apical parts
      of cytoplasm contain many smooth-walled vesicles and cisterns.

PMID- 6420977
TI  - The veterinary problems of pesticide monitoring and analysis.

PMID- 6420978
TI  - The effects of organochlorine compounds on British birds of prey.

PMID- 6420979
TI  - Aflatoxicosis in farm animals.

PMID- 6420980
TI  - Distribution studies of 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in pregnant
      mice.

PMID- 6420981
TI  - [Epizootiology of aegyptianellosis in poultry].
AB  - Epizootiologic studies were carried out on avian aegyptianellosis, especially
      with birds raised at poultry dressing combines and industrial poultry farms
      within the country. It was found that the mechanism of infection transmission was
      mediated not only by the role of Argas persicus ticks but also by bed bug insects
      of the Cimex genus, belonging to the Hemiptera order. Carriers of
      aegyptianellosis might also be migratory birds coming from tropical countries,
      such as swallows. It is concluded that avian aegyptianellosis can be referred to
      the group of the natural focal transmissive infections.

PMID- 6420982
TI  - The scarring of the liver acini (Cirrhosis). Tridimensional and microcirculatory
      considerations.
AB  - Cirrhosis is defined as the scarring of the liver acini in zone 3, zone 1 or in
      both; the resulting nodules are scarred and modified remnants of acini of various
      orders. The division of the nodules into "micronodules" and "macronodules" is
      difficult to justify as their two dimensional appearance changes at different
      planes of section. Early scar formation precedes changes in the microcirculatory
      dynamics. Sprouting of vascular branches, especially of arterioles, takes the
      leading role in the development of mature scars, i.e. of fibro-vascular
      membranes. The fibrous repair is at the same time the road builder for collateral
      flow. The pathophysiology of the collateral circulation is the basic determinant
      in the formation of the cirrhotic patterns. The three microcirculatory phases in
      the cirrhotic process are due to a changeover of the intrahepatic circulatory
      path from the normal trichotomy of the preterminal vascular branches to
      convoluted collateral channels. The three phases of the cirrhotic process are:
      The Triadal Nodule. It receives blood from the TPV and THA and from the
      perinodular plexus. The nodular parenchyma may already be segregated from the
      ThV, a situation that leads to portal hypertension. The Para-triadal Nodule. It
      is a conglomerate of nodules that often are not completely separated from each
      other; they are derived from neighbouring acini of various orders which receive
      blood from large triads contained in the perinodular scar. The blood arrives into
      the sinusoids primarily via the perinodular plexus. Some sinusoids may receive
      additional blood through sclerosing remnants of terminal afferent branches and
      through irregular vascular twigs which, along with septa, enter the nodules at
      various sites. The A-triadal Nodule. It is completely separated from neighbouring
      nodules by thick scars, its parenchyma totally segregated from afferent and
      efferent vascular branches. The nodules receive blood only from a dense
      perinodular plexus of wide capillaries.

PMID- 6420983
TI  - Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary. A hormonal, histochemical and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Three new cases of sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary have been studied by
      hormonal, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis. The results
      confirm that this tumor may have hormonal activity. Ultrastructural study shows
      findings different from those previously reported. The authors propose an origin
      from the ovarian stroma with luteinization of stromal tumor cells.

PMID- 6420984
TI  - Teratoma of the heart. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - The clinical manifestations and pathological features of an extremely rare
      cardiac tumour, a mature (benign) teratoma, in a 6 year-old girl are described.
      These are compared with those reported in the literature.

PMID- 6420985
TI  - DNA flow cytometric measurements in inflammatory and malignant human gastric
      lesions.
AB  - 102 gastroscopically taken biopsy specimens which were normal (n = 28) or showed
      superficial gastritis (n = 18), chronic atrophic gastritis (n = 18), gastric
      ulcers (n = 19) and gastric carcinomas (n = 19) were submitted to FCM analysis.
      Carcinomatous specimens were readily recognized by either ploidy abnormality or
      significantly raised S- and G2 + M values. Intestinal-type and diffuse carcinomas
      could not be distinguished by proliferation kinetics, however, diffuse carcinomas
      showed a higher rate of aneuploidy. Chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric
      ulcers, though significantly differing from both normal tissue and superficial
      gastritis, exhibited similar proliferation characteristics. In gastric ulcers, an
      S-phase proportion of more than 12% was correlated with histological detection of
      cellular atypias and a proliferative tendency.

PMID- 6420986
TI  - Cervical tissue shrinkage by formaldehyde fixation, paraffin wax embedding,
      section cutting and mounting.
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of cryocoagulation as a treatment for cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasia (C.I.N.), it is necessary to know the maximum depth of
      the glandular crypts, the maximum crypt involvement by C.I.N. and the extension
      of the cryolesion, obtained under standardized conditions. In a morphometric
      study on this subject, one has to take into account the shrinkage of the cervical
      tissue, caused by processing the tissue for histological examination. In the
      present study, tissue shrinkage of the cervix in different directions was
      measured in three separate steps. First shrinkage caused by formalin fixation was
      determined, second shrinkage caused by dehydration, clearing and paraffin wax
      embedding and finally that caused by section cutting and mounting. Shrinkage
      caused by formalin fixation, and by dehydration, clearing and paraffin wax
      embedding did not differ significantly in the different directions and resulted
      in an average shrinkage of respectively 2.7% and 12.6% of the original
      dimensions. The alterations of the dimensions by section cutting and mounting is
      not a process of shrinkage, but actually a deformation caused by pressure on the
      tissue during sectioning. Generally the dimension decreases in the cutting
      direction and increases in the direction perpendicular to it. In the calculation
      of the total shrinkage these alterations can be neglected, since the changes,
      although not consistent are small. It follows that in morphometric studies a
      total shrinkage of about 15% of the original dimensions has to be taken into
      consideration.

PMID- 6420987
TI  - Characterization of the brown pigment of the mucosa of the urinary tract.
AB  - The brownish discoloration of the mucosa of the urinary tract which is present in
      10-42% of the patients with chronic abuse of analgesics containing phenacetin is,
      like the discoloration of liver, skin and cartilage, due to lipids similar in
      type to those in the lipid component of lipofuscin.

PMID- 6420988
TI  - Photoreceptor light adaptation models: an evaluation.
AB  - Two current descriptions of photoreceptor responses in the presence of adapting
      background illumination are evaluated. Both descriptions are based on the
      Michaelis-Menten equation V/Vm = In/(In + sigma n), but they use this equation in
      different ways: (1) to describe increment responses to light increments on a
      background (the "increment-light model") and (2) to describe the total receptor
      response as a function of total incident light intensity, i.e. increment plus
      background, (the "incident-light model"). It is shown that the incident-light
      model gives the best and most comprehensive description of photoreceptor
      responses. This conclusion is based on theoretical considerations and is
      supported with examples using rod and cone response data taken from the
      literature.

PMID- 6420989
TI  - VEPs and contrast.

PMID- 6420990
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics and results of treatment of endometrioid
      cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary].
AB  - Clinico-morphological peculiarities of endometrioid cystadenocarcinoma of the
      ovaries (105 cases) were compared with those of a more frequent serous one.
      Hyperestrogenism was more frequent in endometrioid cystadenocarcinoma,
      metastases, ascites and hydrothorax developing less frequently. Immediate and
      long-term results in endometrioid cystadenocarcinoma were better than in cases of
      serous one. When hormone-producing, both tumors metastasized less frequently and
      5-year survival rates in such cases were relatively higher. Progestin treatment
      was effective in cases of endometrioid cystadenocarcinoma, particularly, in those
      of hormone-producing form.

PMID- 6420991
TI  - [Experiences with the use of therapeutic plasmapheresis in Rh incompatibility].

PMID- 6420992
TI  - [Rhesus prophylaxis. On the 40th anniversary of the death of Karl Landsteiner].

PMID- 6420993
TI  - [Successes and failures in rhesus-prophylaxis].
AB  - The medical history of hemolytic disease of the newborn (h. d. n.) due to Rh is
      reviewed from 1928-1963 and a very common and widespread error in the
      international literature on statistical data of h. d. n. has been critically
      analysed and corrected on the basis of the Viennese material over a period of 25
      years. It is shown the first time that the morbidity is not as high as 6 to 7 in
      1000 newborns but approximately 3 to 4 taking into account the origin of their
      mothers. The frequency of h. d. n. in Vienna is strongly influenced by mothers
      who come from abroad with and without foreign citizenship. In 13,34% of h. d. n.
      the women produce Rh antibodies during pregnancy, and therefore the Rh
      prophylaxis given after birth is not able to prevent the immunization which means
      that 0,55 per thousand of the h. d. n. rate of 4,1 per thousand is caused by Rh
      antibodies developed intra graviditatem and 3,55 per thousand post partum. These
      figures are derived from observations between 1948 and 1971 in the Pre
      Prophylaxis-Time. The success of the Anti-D-IgG application dropped the h. d. n.
      rate from 4,1 per thousand to 1,7 per thousand in 1981. If the figure of 0,55 per
      thousand is taken into account as a wrong "failure" of the post partum
      prophylaxis, 1,15 per thousand (1,7-0,55) of h. d. n. have to be noted as true
      failures. There are many causes possible for the high rate of failure in the post
      partum prophylaxis which is to be eliminated before one could think of a
      systematic ante partum Rh prophylaxis. In our population 17% are Rh negative, 10%
      of all mothers are Rh negative giving birth to a Rh positive child and 3,5 per
      thousand of mothers of h. d. n. develop Rh antibodies post partum, 0,55 per
      thousand before. Out of 1000 Anti-D-IgG injections given after birth 965 are
      without any consequence and therefore only 35 are effective. Making use of the
      ante partum prophylaxis (mother Rh negative, baby's Rh factor unknown) 17% of all
      pregnant women have to be treated for prevention of only 0,55 per thousand h. d.
      n. and only 3 injections of 1000 Anti-D-doses are of preventive value whereas 997
      are useless.

PMID- 6420994
TI  - [Rhesus immunization from a neonatological viewpoint. What is today's crucial
      aspect?].
AB  - The ultimate goal in the treatment of neonatal Rh-disease is prevention of
      hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy syndrome. Therapeutic approaches
      as exchange transfusion, phototherapy, reduction of enterohepatic circulation and
      enzyme induction are discussed on the basis of bilirubin metabolism. The impact
      of endogenous and exogenous factors upon bilirubin-albumin binding is emphasized
      in more detail. Two main theories for the pathogenesis of bilirubin
      encephalopathy syndrome are currently under discussion: the cytotoxicity of the
      free, unbound bilirubin fraction or the transient opening of the blood brain
      barrier secondary to asphyxia, acidosis and hyperosmolarity.

PMID- 6420995
TI  - [Obstetrical aspects in successes and failures of rhesus-prophylaxis].
AB  - Before the general introduction of Rhesus-prophylaxis the frequency of morbus
      haemolyticus neonatorum was about 0.6%. In spite of the simple collection of
      "Rhesus-negative" mothers and the administration of the Rhesus-prophylaxis there
      are still some cases of morbus haemolyticus neonatorum; in our department 2 cases
      (or 0.11%) last year. The possible causes of non-successful Rhesus-prophylaxis
      are: immunisation during a previous abortion; immunisation during a previous
      delivery or a non-adequate blood-transfusion; in a previous delivery there was a
      macrotransfusion and therefore the doses of Rhesus-prophylaxis too small; the
      administration of Rhesus-prophylaxis was too late (later than 72 hours post
      partum); inadequate standardisation or storage of the drug; immunisation during
      the present pregnancy.

PMID- 6420996
TI  - [Rhesus-prophylaxis during interventions in early pregnancy].
AB  - Surgical interventions in early pregnancy are an important contribution to the Rh
      IgG utilization gap in Rh-negative women. Ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous and
      induced abortion and amniocentesis call for IgG prophylaxis. In abortions no
      immunization was found before the sixth week of pregnancy, thereafter the
      standard dose of 200 to 300 micrograms Anti-D should be applied, a reduced dose
      of 50 micrograms is recommended in early abortions before 12 weeks. In ectopic
      pregnancy prophylaxis is omitted in a high percentage. A further reduction of Rh
      immunization in pregnant women can only be achieved by prophylaxis on large scale
      in early pregnancy.

PMID- 6420997
TI  - Medicare DRGs: facts and fallacies.

PMID- 6420998
TI  - [Biochemical characteristics of strains of Bacillus cereus].

PMID- 6420999
TI  - Studies on intestinal absorption by single-injection technique and continuous
      measurement of portal vein blood electrolyte concentration and hematocrit in the
      alert rat.
AB  - Whole blood and ultrafiltrate conductivity in the portal vein (as a measure of
      hematocrit and total electrolyte concentration, Cel, respectively) and arterial
      pressure of alert rats were measured continuously. Single intraduodenal
      injections of solutions iso- and hyperosmotic to blood (0.5 or 1 per cent of body
      weight) produced characteristic changes which were compared with those after the
      application of water. Whereas H2O and isosmotic passively absorbed substances
      (sorbose and urea) caused a very variable Cel drop, isosmotic actively absorbed
      nutrients elicited individually constant but interindividually different (glucose
      greater than alanine++ greater than arginine) changes due to solute coupled
      electrolyte free water transport. This was taken as evidence of variable
      paracellular shunt permeability playing a role in passive, but not in active
      absorption. The magnitude of Cel changes was related to absorption rate, which
      was confirmed by behaviour with hypertonic solutions, where osmotic activity in
      the gut was lost the sooner, the more rapid absorption rate was. Shunt
      permeability was temporarily blocked by arginine. Hct changes immediately after
      injections indicated fluid loss from portal vein blood, which could be evaluated
      in the case of mannitol. The thickness of the absorptive layer, obtained from
      latency of Cel change after urea, delivered values not exceeding 0,51 mm for the
      unstirred layer. The latencies after glucose and alanine were usually not much
      greater than after urea. Cel rise after hypertonic solutions had the same latency
      as Cel drop after water. Small arterial pressure changes after nutrient
      solutions, mostly absent after injections of water and NaCl, indicated
      circulatory effects originating in the gut in association with the former.

PMID- 6421000
TI  - [Suitability of bone scintigraphy for the determination of bone reaction or
      regeneration following endosseous implantation of alloplastic materials with
      special reference to bioactive materials].
AB  - A programme for the investigation of the behaviour of bioactive and bioinactive
      implant materials by the osseous bed was enlarged by the scanning. This one
      allows a follow-up of bone processes in vivo. The implants were inserted into the
      patellar surface of the right and left femur of rabbits. The bone regeneration
      after defect formation without implant serves as standard of comparison. The
      scintigrams were taked down with 99m-Tc-EHDP. The bone scanning provides
      differentiate statements about the temporal process incorporation. Its non
      specificity allows no separation between the behaviour of bioactive and
      bioinactive materials in biologic surroundings. The scintigraphic findings can be
      interpreted below employment of the results of the other tests and previously
      known material qualities.

PMID- 6421001
TI  - [Use of lasers for the excision of calcified heart valves--an experimental
      study].
AB  - Cut effect and clinical employment possibilities of the CO2 Laser were tested in
      25 calcified and scarred indurated surgical specimens of human mitral and aortic
      valves. Sparing incisions even of fine structures as papillary muscles and
      tendinous fibres are possible without traumatism. Calcification parts were
      transected analogous to the osteotomy, so that originate accurate incisions in
      the focus and incinerations and evaporation effects outside of the focus. The
      conception of an exchangeable grip will be recommended for the clinical
      employment to the certain exclusion of accessory lesions.

PMID- 6421002
TI  - [Acute and long-term effects of gallopamil (D 600) in stable angina pectoris--a
      randomized double-blind study].
AB  - The effects of the calcium-channel-blocking agent Gallopamil (D 600) were
      assessed in 20 patients with stable exertional angina pectoris in a randomized
      placebo-controlled double-blind protocol using serial exercise tests. Both after
      a single oral dose and during long-term treatment over 3 weeks, Gallopamil caused
      a dose-dependent increase in exercise duration and a reduction in ischemic ST
      segment depression that became clinically relevant using single doses of 50 mg.
      Since the rate-pressure product was not significantly affected by Gallopamil, its
      anti-anginal action cannot adequately be explained by a reduction in myocardial
      oxygen consumption as a result of this mechanism. The only side effects observed
      were asymptomatic second-degree sinoatrial block in one and first-degree
      atrioventricular block in another patient, each on 150 mg gallopamil daily. It
      thus seems justifiable to study the effectiveness of higher doses.

PMID- 6421003
TI  - Lack of effect of nitroglycerin on the transmural variation of tissue pH during
      fixed coronary stenosis.
AB  - A new MpH-measuring system was used to investigate the mechanism of action of
      intravenous NTG on pacing-induced myocardial ischemia during critical stenosis.
      In ten anesthetized open-chest dogs, two MpH electrodes were placed in a segment
      supplied by the CCA, one superficial and one deep. Atrial pacing at a rate 50
      beats/min higher than baseline was instituted for a period of 10 min (Pacing I).
      Critical stenosis was then applied to the CCA. Three more similar periods of
      atrial pacing were instituted during critical stenosis. Pacing II was without any
      intervention, Pacing III was after the intravenous administration of a bolus of
      NTG, and Pacing IV was after the intravenous administration of NTG + A. NTG
      (metamarinol) during critical stenosis and atrial pacing did not alter preload
      and did not reduce afterload more than critical stenosis and atrial pacing alone.
      It did not significantly alter flow in the CCA measured by an electromagnetic
      flow meter. Consequently, the magnitude of fall in both endo- and epicardial MpH
      during critical stenosis and atrial pacing was no different with or without the
      administration of NTG. That under these conditions NTG failed to reduce the
      degree of myocardial ischemia suggests that the beneficial effects of NTG during
      fixed critical stenosis are determined primarily by its ability to reduce the
      determinants of myocardial oxygen demand, and not by a direct effect on the
      ischemic myocardium per se. The study also demonstrates for the first time a
      significant transmural gradient in MpH in the canine heart, even in the normal
      resting state.

PMID- 6421005
TI  - Nitroglycerin therapy in acute myocardial infarction--an overview.
AB  - Nitroglycerin and nitrates have long been contraindicated in the treatment of
      acute myocardial infarction. Beneficial effects, however, are reported in
      patients with left ventricular failure. In this report the available data from
      the literature are reviewed with respect to the influence of the drug on
      myocardial ischemia, infarct size and necrosis as well as on ventricular
      arrhythmias and prognosis. All authors have confirmed a beneficial influence of
      nitroglycerin on myocardial ischemia and QRS signs of necrosis. Some authors have
      demonstrated a reduction in CK and CKMB activity. Ischemia-related ventricular
      dysrhythmias were also effectively reduced. Some promising data are available on
      prognosis.

PMID- 6421004
TI  - A randomized clinical trial of intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction: benefits of early treatment.
AB  - A prospective randomized clinical trial of intravenous nitroglycerin administered
      for 48 hours following acute infarction was undertaken to determine whether
      clinical improvement and/or preservation of ischemic myocardium could be
      demonstrated. One hundred four patients were randomized to receive either
      nitroglycerin or placebo infusion. Nitroglycerin infusion was titrated to lower
      mean arterial pressure 10% using non-invasive monitoring. Early nitroglycerin
      treatment, defined as treatment initiated less than 10 hours after symptom onset,
      resulted in a lower incidence of new congestive heart failure, myocardial infarct
      extension, and/or early death from pump failure (15%) compared to late
      nitroglycerin treatment (50%, p = 0.008) or early placebo treatment (48%, p =
      0.01). Improvement in ejection fraction of greater than or equal to 10% was
      demonstrated in 7 of 20 (35%) early nitroglycerin treated patients compared to 6,
      11 and 0% of patients in the three other subgroups, respectively (p = 0.004).
      Similarly, thallium-201 perfusion scintigrams showed a greater than 75%
      improvement in defect score in 23 (48%) patients receiving nitroglycerin within
      10 hours compared to 14%, 33% and 0% respectively, in the remaining subgroups (p
      = 0.035). However, before routine administration of nitroglycerin can be
      recommended for all patients with acute infarction, larger clinical trials will
      be required.

PMID- 6421006
TI  - Nitrates in aortic valve disease: acute and chronic effects.
AB  - The beneficial effect of Nitroglycerin (NTG) on myocardial oxygen-supply-demand
      ratio in severe aortic stenosis has been already demonstrated. But the chronic
      administration of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) does not reduce the increase in
      left ventricular filling pressures during exercise. Therefore in severe aortic
      stenosis, the effects of chronic nitrate administration on left ventricular
      hemodynamics during exercise do not correspond to the beneficial acute effects of
      NTG. In aortic insufficiency, sublingual NTG has only minor effects on left
      ventricular volumes, heart rate and cardiac output. A moderate reduction in
      pressures results in a significant reduction of wall stress, while there is no
      major change in regurgitant fraction.

PMID- 6421007
TI  - Hemodynamic and hormonal response to induced hypotension with isosorbide
      dinitrate and nitroglycerin during anesthesia.
AB  - Changes in hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines, and PRA in response to controlled
      hypotension induced with ISDN (n = 10, mean dose 15.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and
      NTG (n = 7, mean dose 5.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) were studied during
      neuroleptanesthesia in patients undergoing facial and neck surgery. Before the
      commencement of vasodilator infusion the patients were pretreated with metoprolol
      0.1 mg kg-1. In addition, enflurane was used to obtain the desired hypotensive
      level. During ISDN induced hypotension, MAP was reduced from 83 to 63 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.001). Continuous infusion of NTG resulted in a decrease of MAP from
      81 to 53 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). In both groups, HR decreased by 10% (p less
      than 0.05). For both vasodilators the reduction of MAP was associated with a
      marked decrease in SVRI (p less than 0.01), while Cl remained largely unchanged.
      The hemodynamic responses to the two vasodilators were similar, except that NTG
      reduced PAMP (p less than 0.01) and increased intrapulmonary shunt volume (p less
      than 0.01). The anesthetic technique attenuated catecholamine and renin release,
      suppressed reflex tachycardia, and prevented rebound hypertension.

PMID- 6421008
TI  - The role of nitrates on regional subendocardial ischaemia--studies with
      endocardial monophasic action potentials during pacing-induced angina.
AB  - Intracavitary recording of monophasic action potentials (MAP) is a sensitive
      means of detecting the electrophysiological effects of early or subendocardial
      ischaemia. The effect of nitroglycerin on the MAP was evaluated during pacing
      induced angina in seven patients with localized, reversible ischaemia. Recordings
      from the ischaemic zone demonstrated a decrease in MAP amplitude and an abnormal
      rate-corrected shortening of MAP repolarization. The "control" right ventricular
      MAP showed only the expected rate-dependent decrease in duration throughout the
      pacing stress test. The ischaemic MAP were unchanged following the intracoronary
      administration of 100 micrograms nitroglycerin. In contrast, 200-300 micrograms
      intravenous nitroglycerin produced a normalization of MAP amplitude and duration
      in spite of continuous pacing at the angina-provoking rate. These changes were
      preceded by a fall in aortic pressure (from mean 123/84 to 96/62) and subsequent
      lowering of the rate-pressure product. The major beneficial effects of
      nitroglycerin on the early electrical changes of pacing-induced ischaemia are
      thus related to decreased oxygen demand due to cardiac unloading.

PMID- 6421009
TI  - Tolerance development during isosorbide dinitrate treatment: can it be
      circumvented?
AB  - Based on studies carried out according to randomized, double-blind, crossover,
      placebo-controlled protocols, analysis was performed to assess the antiischemic
      effects of (a) 40 mg ISDN, both after acute administration and during long-term
      treatment with four doses daily, (b) treatment with 20 mg ISDN twice daily (at 8
      a.m. and 1 p.m.), and (c) 0.8 mg sublingually administered NTG during treatment
      with 40 mg ISDN four times daily. After acute administration of 40 mg ISDN there
      was a reduction in ST-segment depression from 2.05 to 0.18 mm (p less than 0.01).
      During chronic treatment, statistically-significant changes were no longer
      detectable. Sublingual administration of 0.8 mg NTG led to a reduction of ST
      segment depression during the acute phase of ISDN from 1.20 to 0.15 mm (-87%; p
      less than 0.01) and during chronic treatment from 1.90 to 0.90 mm (-53%; p less
      than 0.01). Accordingly, as compared with changes induced in the acute and
      placebo phases, the effectiveness of NTG during chronic ISDN treatment was
      diminished. After acute administration of 20 mg ISDN, ST-segment depression was
      reduced from 2.15 to 0.40 mm (p less than 0.01) and to a comparable degree during
      long-term twice-daily treatment, from 2.25 to 0.40 mm (p less than 0.01). There
      was a significant reduction in the rate of anginal attacks and nitrate
      consumption. Thus, with respect to the anti-ischemic effectiveness of ISDN,
      tolerance development is incurred during repeated administration. Concomitantly,
      the effectiveness of NTG is not essentially negated, but rather
      diminished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421010
TI  - Effect of buccal nitroglycerin on pulmonary artery pressure at rest and during
      exercise: a comparison with sublingual nitroglycerin in patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - 60 patients with ischemic heart disease and angina pectoris, aged 42 to 74 years
      (mean 59), were included in this randomized study. All suffered from coronary
      disease demonstrated by ECG changes and/or positive exercise test results. Twenty
      percent of the patients had coronary angiograms revealing significant CAD. All
      patients had had typical angina pectoris episodes for a period of 22 +/- 10
      months at a frequency of 4 +/- 2 attacks a week. A positive response to
      sublingual nitroglycerin was observed in all patients. The patients were randomly
      assigned to four groups (1 mg, 2.5 mg, or 5.0 mg buccal nitroglycerin and a
      control group with 0.8 mg sublingual nitroglycerin). Exercise testing was done by
      bicycle ergometer in the recumbent position at maximal work loads in 3-min
      periods; hemodynamic measurements were performed using a pulmonary artery
      catheter (Grandjean). Pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, systemic blood
      pressure, and ST-segment changes in the ECG were recorded before administration
      of the drug as well as 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 s after administration.
      Exercise tests were performed 3, 30, and 180 min after administration. The study
      demonstrates that buccal Synchron nitroglycerin has immediate hemodynamic and
      clinical effects, documented by the reduction in pulmonary artery pressure values
      at rest and exercise and the increase in exercise tolerance and cardiac output.
      The best antianginal effects were achieved with the dosage of 2.5 mg buccal
      nitroglycerin. We conclude that buccally administered nitroglycerin has early
      effects similar to those of nitroglycerin administered sublingually; the
      hemodynamic and clinical effects, however, persist over a minimum of 180 min.

PMID- 6421011
TI  - Intravenous bolus nitroglycerin--hemodynamic effects and clinical implications.
AB  - Intravenous bolus nitroglycerin has been used routinely in our cardiac
      catheterization laboratory during the past three years. Observations on more than
      1500 patients suggest that in the supine properly hydrated patient intravenous
      nitroglycerin produces an initial rapid fall in arterial pressure (systolic,
      diastolic, and mean). This is followed by gradual return of arterial pressure
      toward but not to baseline during the subsequent 30-60 seconds. There is a
      concomitant fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), which
      appears to be biphasic. Initially, LVEDP falls concomitantly with aortic
      pressure; subsequently, there is further decrease in LVEDP at a time when aortic
      pressure is nearly back to baseline. These observations suggest that bolus
      nitroglycerin, as opposed to continuous nitroglycerin infusion, may act primarily
      on resistance vessels (systemic arteries), and secondarily on capacitance vessels
      (systemic veins). A series of experiments was designed to test this hypothesis.
      During routine right and left heart catheterization of patients with suspected
      coronary artery intravenous bolus nitroglycerin (.1 mg-.8 mg) was injected into
      inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, left ventricle, aortic root, distal aorta,
      and coronary aorta. The time course of bolus nitroglycerin effect on central
      venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure, and arterial pressure was observed for the various injection sites.
      These time courses of effect were compared to appearance times of indocyanine
      green injected into the various injection sites, and sampled from the various
      measuring sites. Initial data suggest that the initial rapid fall in blood
      pressure is secondary to a primary decrease in systemic vascular
      resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421012
TI  - Changes in regional body blood volume caused by nitroglycerin.
AB  - Using a method of in vivo labeling of erythrocytes and subsequent whole-body
      scanning, we investigated the effect of nitroglycerin (NTG) on regional blood
      pooling in patients with chronic left heart failure (six men and two women). A
      group of eight patients with coronary heart disease who did not receive any NTG
      served as controls. These data were compared with the effects of NTG in ten male
      patients suffering from coronary artery disease. Up to 25 min after sublingual
      administration of 1.6 mg NTG we observed a significant decrease in radioactivity
      in the regions of heart, lung, and liver (maximal per hundred 6.0, 6.5, and 4.8
      respectively) indicating the reduction in local blood volume. In the abdomen, the
      arms, and the legs we observed an increase in regional blood volume (maximum
      9.7%, 8.3%, and 6.5% respectively). An overall significant change usually began
      approximately 5 min after NTG and lasted for about 20 min. In contrast to
      patients with left heart failure, patients with coronary artery disease did not
      show any significant difference in pulmonary and abdominal regions after NTG. The
      noninvasive method used allows an immediate determination of drug-induced
      regional blood volume pooling.

PMID- 6421013
TI  - Interaction of indomethacin and nitroglycerin on hemodynamics and exercise
      tolerance in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - The influence of indomethacin therapy on the circulatory and antianginal effects
      of nitroglycerin were studied in six patients with stable angina pectoris.
      Indomethacin 50 mg or identical placebo capsules were administered three times a
      day for 1 week each in a double-blind, random manner. Heart rate, blood pressure,
      and ST-segment depression were measured at rest and during exercise before and
      after the administration of 0.6 mg sublingual nitroglycerin during indomethacin
      and placebo therapy. Nitroglycerin lowered standing systolic blood pressure by 38
      mm Hg during placebo therapy (p less than 0.001) and by 36 mm Hg during
      indomethacin therapy (p less than 0.001). This was accompanied by a reflex
      increase in heart rate (p less than 0.001) which was of similar magnitude during
      placebo and indomethacin therapy. The increase in exercise duration to the onset
      of angina post nitroglycerin was similar during placebo and indomethacin therapy
      (128 vs 84 s; NS). Similarly, the increase in the total duration of exercise post
      nitroglycerin was similar during placebo and indomethacin therapy. Reduction in
      ST-segment depression post nitroglycerin was more pronounced during placebo than
      indomethacin therapy, but did not achieve statistical significance. The results
      show that indomethacin did not modify the circulatory effects of nitroglycerin at
      rest or during exercise and did not attenuate the increase in exercise tolerance
      produced by sublingual nitroglycerin. Since indomethacin is a potent
      prostaglandin inhibitor, the findings indirectly suggest that the vasodepressor
      and antianginal effects of nitroglycerin are in all probability not mediated by
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 6421014
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies to elucidate the hemodynamic differences of sodium
      nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, and two isosorbide nitrates.
AB  - In isolated renal veins of the rabbit, isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5
      mononitrate were seven to twenty times more potent as relaxants than in renal
      arteries which explains their predilection for the capacitance vascular bed in
      vivo. For sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitroglycerin (NTG), the sensitivity was
      slightly greater in veins at threshold concentrations (EC10), but similar in
      veins and arteries at higher concentrations (EC50). After 30 min of exposure, the
      relaxant effect to NTG faded partially in arteries, but not in veins, which may
      underlie its preference for the capacitance vessels in vivo. In anaesthetized
      rats, SNP and NTG were infused i.v. or into the femoral artery. The hypotensive
      response to NTG was the same by either route of infusion, whereas that to SNP was
      considerably lower on infusion into the femoral artery; a 34% inactivation of SNP
      on passage through the hind leg was calculated. The result decrease in venous
      over arterial blood levels of SNP at a somewhat greater sensitivity of veins than
      of arteries may account for the balanced effect of SNP on resistance and
      capacitance vessels in vivo.

PMID- 6421015
TI  - Diameters of abdominal veins and arteries during nitrate therapy.
AB  - The effects of 1.6 mg NTG on the diameter of abdominal veins and arteries were
      investigated by means of ultrasound tomography in 26 and 28 healthy persons
      respectively. Fourteen patients served as controls in the venous studies and 28
      in the arterial measurements. The diameter of the caval vein decreased in
      anterior-posterior direction within 5 minutes after nitroglycerin administration
      by about 22% from 14.2 +/- 4.0 mm to 11.1 +/- 3.3 mm (p less than 0.005). In
      contrast, the portal vein enlarged by about 27% from 10.3 +/- 1.8 mm to 13.1 +/-
      2.3 mm, the superior mesenteric vein by about 12% from 8.2 +/- 1.6 to 9.2 +/- 1.4
      mm, and the splenic vein by about 23% from 6.6 +/- 2.3 mm to 8.1 +/- 1.8 mm (p
      less than 0.001). The superior mesenteric artery and the proper hepatic artery
      dilated by about 12% from 7.8 +/- 0.9 mm to 8.7 +/- 0.9 mm and from 6.5 +/- 1.0
      mm to 7.3 +/- 0.7 mm respectively (p less than 0.001). There was no significant
      change in the diameter of the abdominal aorta, however. The results show that NTG
      induces a relaxation of the abdominal veins and of the abdominal arteries of the
      muscular type. They suggest that the splanchnic veins participate essentially in
      the therapeutically important venous pooling effect of NTG. The reduced
      peripheral venous return is made sonographically visible by a collapse of the
      inferior vena cava. Furthermore, the influence on the windkessel function after
      administration of NTG seems to be mediated not by the aorta itself, but rather by
      its large muscular-type branches like the mesenteric and hepatic arteries.

PMID- 6421016
TI  - Effects of nitroglycerin on left ventricular diastolic properties in man.
AB  - The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on left ventricular (LV) isovolumic relaxation
      and diastolic function were studied in 12 patients with coronary artery disease:
      in 6 patients after 0.8 mg sublingual (sI) NTG and in 6 patients after 0.15 mg
      intracoronary (ic) NTG. From high-fidelity LV pressure peak positive and negative
      dP/dt, LV systolic (LVSP) and end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured. The
      time constant T of isovolumic pressure decay was derived from P = a X exp(-t/T) +
      c. From simultaneous diastolic pressures and volumes, pressure-volume curves were
      obtained throughout diastole. In an additional 14 patients, the effects of 0.15
      mg ic NTG on coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) and end-diastolic (ED) and end
      systolic septal thickness (ESST) were evaluated. SI NTG produced an increase in
      heart rate and a decrease in LVSP, LVEDP and negative dP/dt. These effects were
      associated with a decrease in T and a downward shift of the pressure-volume
      relation. In contrast, ic NTG caused no change in heart rate, LVSP and LVEDP. The
      LV pressure-volume relation was not altered although T decreased. Ic NTG produced
      an early rise in CSBF and a sustained increase in EDST and ESST. Data indicate
      that sI NTG increases the speed of isovolumic relaxation and improves diastolic
      function, but these actions are not reflected by negative dP/dt due to its
      dependence on multiple hemodynamic factors. Ic NTG accelerates isovolumic
      relaxation, but has no measurable effects on later diastolic function. The
      increase in positive dP/dt may be explained by an engorgement of the coronary
      vasculature resulting in stretching of the myocardial fibers.

PMID- 6421017
TI  - Dilation of coronary artery stenosis: a major mechanism of the effect of
      nitrates.
AB  - The mechanisms of action of nitroglycerin have been studied extensively; but
      despite this, there is controversy regarding the manner in which this commonly
      used drug exerts its dramatic beneficial effect. Angina is usually due to
      inadequate subendocardial perfusion. Improvement in subendocardial ischemia is
      achieved not by one single mechanism, but by three contributory phenomena. First,
      nitroglycerin directly dilates most coronary stenoses, with an average 40%
      reduction in resistance to flow through severely narrowed arterial segments.
      Second, the drug decreases left ventricular "afterload" and thus reduces the
      myocardial oxygen demand by an average of 10%. Third, the drug decreases
      ventricular diastolic filling pressure (preload) an average of 30%, and thereby
      improves the distribution of coronary blood to the subendocardial zone.

PMID- 6421018
TI  - Active and passive coronary vasodilation after intracoronary and sublingual
      nitroglycerin.
AB  - Nitroglycerin is known to dilate epicardial coronary arteries. It is not known,
      however, to what extend pressure-dependent passive vasoconstrictive effects may
      counteract active vasodilation. Therefore, repeated coronary angiograms were
      performed in 100 patients under standardized conditions before (C) and after 0.16
      mg nitroglycerin intracoronarily as well as after an additional 1.6 mg
      nitroglycerin sublingually. Coronary diameters were determined in stenotic and
      nonstenotic coronary artery branches. Aortic blood pressure and heart rate were
      monitored continuously. Aortic blood pressure decreased slightly after
      intracoronary injection from 146/70 mmHg (C) to 142/77 mmHg and decreased
      markedly after additional sublingual administration to 129/70 mmHg. Heart rate
      increased from 78 beats/min (C) to 79 beats/min after intracoronary injection and
      to 81 beats/min after sublingual administration. Diameters in nonobstructed
      coronary segments increased in proximal (+7%), medial (+10%), and distal (+12%)
      segments after intracoronary injection; after sublingual administration a more
      pronounced diameter increase was observed in all segments (proximal +12%, medial
      +13%, distal +14%). In obstructed coronary arteries, a stenotic dilation of more
      than 10% was found in 73% (58/80) after intracoronary injection, but only in 50%
      (40/80) of the patients after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. The
      average diameter increase within coronary stenoses in all patients was 24% after
      intracoronary injection, but only 10% after additional sublingual administration.
      In conclusions dilation of epicardial coronary arteries occurs in nonstenotic and
      stenotic segments. In nonstenotic coronary arteries, there are additive
      vasodilative effects after intracoronary and sublingual nitroglycerin; in
      coronary stenoses, however, a maximal effect is achieved after intracoronary
      injection which is diminished after sublingual administration.

PMID- 6421019
TI  - Quantitative coronary angiography: evidence of a sustained increase in vascular
      smooth muscle tone in coronary artery stenoses.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of coronary angiograms was performed to evaluate the effect
      of either 0.8 mg nitroglycerin (NTG, n = 54 stenoses) or 20 mg nifedipine (NIF, n
      = 42 stenoses) sublingually, or of both drugs combined (n = 50 stenoses) on
      coronary artery stenosis diameter. The narrowest diameter (DSTEN) in each
      stenosis was measured in multiple angiographic projections (2-7, mean: 4) before,
      and 10 min after administration of the drugs. Coronary artery stenoses were
      defined as concentric with DSTEN differing less than 25%, or as eccentric with
      greater than 25% in various projections. To establish the long-term effects of
      the vasodilator drugs measurements were repeated in 36 stenoses after an average
      23-day interval in identical projections before and after NIF plus NTG
      sublingually. NTG dilated DSTEN from 1.19 mm to 1.53 mm (+28%) on average in 25
      of 54 stenoses. After NIF, DSTEN increased in 20 of 42 stenoses from 1.21 mm to
      1.59 mm (+31%) on average. The combination was most effective with DSTEN
      increasing from 1.24 mm to 1.85 mm (+49%) on average in 31 of 50 stenoses. The
      dilatory response was found to be related to stenosis morphology: lesions with an
      elliptical residual lumen responded significantly more often to NTG plus NIF than
      did lesions with a circular residual lumen; and of limited duration: interval
      angiography showed a restored increased vascular tone which could be released
      again with sublingual administration of NTG plus NIF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6421020
TI  - Electron microscope study of host-parasite interactions of Sarcocystis muris
      (Protozoa, Coccidia) in tissue culture and in vivo.

PMID- 6421021
TI  - Identification of trypanosomes isolated from reduviidae from north Chile.
AB  - Examination of 54 Triatoma infestans from a village near the European Southern
      Observatory La Silla in Chile and of 9 Triatoma spinolai from the territory of
      the observatory showed that 10 T. infestans were infected with trypanosomatids.
      Mice were infected with in vitro cultures initiated with five different
      trypanosomatid isolates and treated with the immunosuppressive drug
      cyclophosphamide to increase the parasitemia of the flagellates. Evidence of the
      presence of T. cruzi was provided by a comparative biometrical analysis of blood
      trypomastigotes and the occurrence of intracellular amastigotes. Three methods
      for further identification were used: examination of kDNA ultrastructure, disc
      electrophoresis of soluble proteins and the Aaptos papillata II lectin induced
      agglutination. We obtained the following results for all isolates: (1) presence
      of a central band of the kDNA; (2) T. cruzi specific double bands of the protein
      patterns; (3) positive reaction with Aaptos papillata II. No differences between
      the five isolates from Chile and T. cruzi or T. cruzi-like strains from other
      countries could be observed. Based on these results an infection of the bugs with
      T. rangeli and T. conorhini could be excluded.

PMID- 6421022
TI  - [Diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann)].
AB  - Nine cases in three families with diaphyseal dysplasia are reported. In one
      family diaphyseal dysplasia and neurofibromatosis are combined. A lymphatic
      leucosis was found in one case. The possible autosomal recessive mode of
      inheritance in one family refer to heterogeneity in diaphyseal dysplasia.

PMID- 6421023
TI  - [Nurses in long-term care are lonely and frustrated. Interview by Inger
      Lernevall].

PMID- 6421024
TI  - [Pathogenetic relation of hypoplastic myelopathy and preleukemia syndromes].

PMID- 6421025
TI  - [Selective Rh prevention in pregnancy].

PMID- 6421026
TI  - [Experimental study of object-tool activity in the monkey and ape].

PMID- 6421027
TI  - Bilateral eventration of the diaphragm.
AB  - A case history is presented of a child with bilateral eventration of the
      diaphragm. In view of the absence of musculature and because there are no signs
      of neurological disorders, we would call this a bilateral congenital
      diaphragmatic hernia. The patient was operated upon successfully. Pathogenesis
      and literature of this very rare anomaly are discussed briefly.

PMID- 6421029
TI  - [Steroid hormone profiles in pregnant cows following exposure to noise stress,
      with special reference to corticosteroids].

PMID- 6421028
TI  - Mycoplasmas and arthritis.
AB  - At least 13 mycoplasma species cause arthritis in animals. In some cases it
      remains chronic, and in particular Mycoplasma hyorhinis in swine and Mycoplasma
      synoviae in poultry clinically and histologically resemble rheumatoid arthritis
      in man. Of patients with serologically verified Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections
      0.9% had arthritis. Usually it is mild, but may sometimes be the dominant
      clinical feature. This mycoplasma has twice been cultured from the synovial
      fluid, as has Ureaplasma urealyticum. A few scientists have succeeded in
      isolating fastidious mycoplasmas from joint fluid specimens taken from human
      subjects with acute and chronic arthritis. Their subcultivation has often been
      difficult or unsuccessful. With the new methods available, renewed attempts to
      enlighten the possible role of mycoplasmas in human joint disease could now
      usefully be made.

PMID- 6421030
TI  - The effect of shearing on the concentration of cortisol and thyroid hormones in
      the blood plasma of sheep.

PMID- 6421031
TI  - [Orchiepididymitis is a bull with Mycoplasma in the ejaculate].

PMID- 6421032
TI  - Changes in the structure and function of the rumen epithelium during development.
      3. Effect of liquid versus solid diet on Na and Cl transport across lamb rumen
      epithelium.

PMID- 6421033
TI  - [A model for learning the venous puncture technic in the dog. A possibility for
      reducing stress of live experimental animals in student instruction].

PMID- 6421034
TI  - [Mechanisms of the bactericidal action of hydrogen peroxide].
AB  - The comparative study of some aspects of the bactericidal action of H2O2 on
      Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacterium subtilis wild-type cells
      and their mutants with lesions in the systems of the reparation of DNA has been
      carried out. Hydrogen peroxide has been shown to cause disturbances in the
      structure and permeability of the cell wall, the cytoplasmic membrane, as well as
      to induce ribosomal lesions and the ruptures of bacterial DNA. The activity of
      the systems responsible for the reparation of lesions in the cell genome plays an
      important role in the resistance of bacteria to H2O2.

PMID- 6421035
TI  - [Antigen isolation from Rickettsia prowazekii cultured in FL cells and its use in
      the macrophage migration inhibition reaction].
AB  - An antigen obtained from R. prowazekii cultivated in hydrocortisone-treated FL
      cells possesses activity determined in the complement fixation test and the
      macrophage migration inhibition test. Such antigen can be used in the macrophage
      migration inhibition test with macrophages obtained from animals immunized with
      the preparations of rickettsial egg cultures.

PMID- 6421036
TI  - [A rare complication caused by an intravenous catheter in parenteral feeding (a
      case report)].
AB  - An extremely rare complication caused by an endovenous catheter for parenteral
      feeding has been described. The catheter, inserted into the inferior vena cava
      through the saphenous vein, passed through the right renal vein and penetrated
      into the renal collecting system, thus causing a painless gross hematuria in the
      course of blood transfusion through the line.

PMID- 6421037
TI  - Enteral glucose-polymer-electrolyte solution in the treatment of chronic fluid
      and electrolyte depletion in short-bowel syndrome.
AB  - A 55-year-old woman with extensive small-bowel resection and total colectomy
      complicated by chronic fluid and electrolyte depletion, achieved fluid and
      electrolyte homeostasis using a glucose-polymer-electrolyte solution. This is
      probably due to a solvent drag mechanism in the jejunum, in which nutrients such
      as glucose or aminoacids promote the passive absorption of electrolytes and
      water.

PMID- 6421038
TI  - Effects of 2-hydroxyoestradiol and 4-hydroxyoestradiol on gonadotrophin and
      prolactin secretion in women.
AB  - In order to investigate the effects of 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-OHE2) and 4
      hydroxyoestradiol (4-OHE2) on the release of human pituitary hormones, each
      steroid (500 micrograms single bolus) was injected to young women during the
      follicular phase. Both steroids resulted in a transient suppression followed by a
      small rise of LH and FSH. 4-OHE2 appeared to be more potent than 2-OHE2.
      Injection of only the vehicle caused no change in gonadotrophin levels. The
      morning fall of plasma Prl was common in young women as an expression of
      circadian variation. Although the Prl fall tended to be greater in the 4-OHE2
      group, analyses failed to reach statistical significance.

PMID- 6421039
TI  - Effect of a GnRH analogue on rat granulosa cell lactate production in vitro.
AB  - The effect of a GnRH analogue [D-Ala6, des-Gly10-NH2)-GnRH-ethylamide,GnRHa) on
      granulosa and cumulus cell glycolysis in presence or absence of FSH was studied.
      Cumulus complexes and granulosa cells from PMSG-treated rats were cultured in
      Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) for a period of 72 h. Media were changed
      at 24 and 48 h and lactate content was assayed by fluorimetry. GnRHa alone
      stimulated lactate production in granulosa cells. GnRH combined with FSH
      increased lactate production in granulosa cells during the 0-24 h period and
      decreased it during the 48-72 h period as compared to FSH alone. GnRHa did not
      stimulate lactate production in cumulus complexes during 72 h culture in MEM,
      while FSH did. In a less complex culture medium, BMOC, GnRHa caused a small
      increase in lactate production and slightly enhanced the FSH effect. In
      conclusion, GnRHa has a direct stimulatory effect on granulosa cell glycolysis.
      GnRHa also modulates the FSH stimulation of granulosa cells biphasically, i.e.
      early enhancement (0-24 h) and late inhibition (48-72 h). GnRHa has no consistent
      direct effects on cumulus cell glycolysis.

PMID- 6421040
TI  - Half-life of FSH and LH in the ferret.
AB  - Anoestrous and oestrous ferrets were injected with luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LRH) or a long-acting analogue and subsequently hypophysectomized.
      Spayed ferrets were hypophysectomized without prior treatment with gonadotrophin
      releasing factor, and serial blood samples collected from all animals in order to
      follow the rate of decline in plasma gonadotrophin concentration. The half-life
      of LH in the spayed female (around 2 h) was much longer than that of the hormone
      released from the hypophysis of anoestrous females by LRH (25 min) or by the
      analogue (19 min). The half-life of FSH released by LRH or analogue in anoestrous
      females was approximately 65 min, while that discharged by the analogue in
      oestrous females was about 4 h. The fall in plasma FSH concentration in spayed
      females after hypophysectomy was too slow to allow calculation of a half-life.

PMID- 6421041
TI  - Prolactin secretion from human prolactinomas perifused in vitro: effect of TRH,
      prostaglandin E1, theophylline, dopamine and dopamine receptor blockers.
AB  - To clarify the functional characteristics of prolactin (Prl)-producing adenoma
      cells, the effect of TRH, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), theophylline, dopamine and
      dopaminergic antagonists on Prl secretion was examined in vitro in perifused
      pituitary adenoma tissues obtained at surgery from 8 patients with prolactinoma.
      Perifusion with TRH at a concentration of 10(-6) to 10(-5) M resulted in a
      significant increase in effluent Prl levels in 3 of the 8 adenoma tissues. In the
      remaining 5 adenomas, TRH produced no effect on Prl release in vitro. On the
      other hand, PGE1 (10(-5) M) stimulated Prl secretion in 2 of the 4 adenomas
      examined. Addition of theophylline (5.5 mM) caused a marked increase of effluent
      Prl levels in all 8 prolactinomas regardless of the reactivity to TRH or PGE1.
      Dopamine (5 X 10(-7) M) suppressed Prl secretion from adenoma tissue in 5 of 7
      patients tested but had no effect in the remaining two adenomas. When perifused
      simultaneously with dopamine, sulpiride (D2-selective dopamine receptor blocker,
      5 X 10(-7) M) blocked the inhibitory effect of dopamine on Prl release in 3 of
      the 4 dopamine-sensitive prolactinomas. In one adenoma responsive to dopamine but
      resistant to sulpiride, YM-09151-2 (relatively specific D1-dopamine receptor
      blocker, 5 X 10(-7) M) antagonized the dopaminergic inhibition of Prl release.
      When perifused alone, neither sulpiride nor YM-09151-2 affected Prl release from
      any of the adenoma tissues tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421042
TI  - Hypothalamic function in women during the first month post-partum.
AB  - Plasma LRH-immunoreactive substance in puerperal women was very low on days 5 and
      10 post-partum and significantly increased between days 10 and 20 post-partum,
      but remained at a similar level on day 30 post-partum, which was significantly
      lower than that in eumenorrhoeic women on day 8 or 9 of the normal cycle.
      Although LRH administration did not significantly increase serum FSH on day 11
      post-partum, daily injections of LRH from days 5 through 10 post-partum caused a
      significantly increased secretion of FSH on day 11 post-partum, both basally and
      in response to LRH. No significant difference was observed in serum oestradiol
      and Prl levels on day 11 post-partum between the two groups of women with and
      without LRH pre-treatment. It is concluded that the amount of hypothalamic LRH
      secretion may be small during the first month post-partum, and low basal FSH and
      unresponsiveness of the pituitary to LRH observed in the early puerperium may
      result from hypothalamic hypofunction.

PMID- 6421043
TI  - Primary hypothyroidism followed by hyperthyroidism. Five case reports.
AB  - Five patients are described, who developed primary hypothyroidism between 25 and
      57 years of age. They were all adequately treated with L-thyroxine. Graves'
      disease developed six months to 34 years later. Two had TSH binding inhibiting
      immunoglobulin (TBII) in their serum at this stage. All were treated with
      carbimazole, and 3 have experienced relapse upon withdrawal. Our patients are
      discussed in relation to the 16 cases previously reported. The pathogenesis of
      this condition is open to speculation.

PMID- 6421044
TI  - Fluctuations in the number of germ cells during the late foetal and early
      postnatal periods in boys.
AB  - Previous studies have shown marked elevations of serum concentrations of follicle
      stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone during the first 6
      months of life in boys. We have carried out a quantitative study of the changes
      in the total number of germ cells in 46 pairs of autopsy testes from normal boys
      between 28 weeks of gestation and 1000 days of postnatal life. The study
      demonstrated an increase in the total number of germ cells in boys up to 100 days
      of age (Spearman rho = 0.62, P less than 0.01), and a successive decrease in boys
      older than this age (Spearman rho = -0.56, P less than 0.01). Thus a peak in the
      total number of germ cells per boy was found somewhere between day 50 and 150
      after birth, and the course of this variable was similar to that previously
      reported on the hormonal concentrations in serum.

PMID- 6421045
TI  - [Sugar-chain of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in von Willebrand's disease.
      Analysis by immuno-affinoelectrophoresis using lectin].

PMID- 6421046
TI  - A study of the mechanisms and sites of action of desferrioxamine in thalassaemia
      major.
AB  - The effects of slow subcutaneous (s.c.) infusions of desferrioxamine (Desferal:
      DF) on iron metabolism and excretion were studied in 6 thalassaemia major
      patients in the course of a ferrokinetic study with 59Fe as a label; s.c. DF
      infusions were performed every 4th day starting 4 days after that of the 59Fe
      injection. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) increased after s.c.
      infusion, whereas serum ferritin levels remained unchanged. 59Fe urinary specific
      activity decreased in all subjects from the first to subsequent infusions,
      whereas faecal specific activity remained almost constant throughout the
      experiment. These data support the hypothesis that iron reaching RE cells
      concentrates initially in a readily chelatable pool from which then it moves to a
      larger and not readily chelatable pool, whereas iron reaching parenchymal hepatic
      cells remains permanently available to chelant.

PMID- 6421047
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins pattern in beta-thalassemia major.
AB  - We studied serum lipids and lipoproteins in 20 patients with beta-thalassemia
      major, under high transfusion programme and regular chelation therapy, and in 20
      control subjects. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-and HDL3-cholesterol,
      apolipoprotein A and B levels were significantly lower in patients with Cooley's
      anemia, whereas free cholesterol, triglycerides and the HDL-/HDL3-cholesterol
      ratio did not differ in the two groups. We think that liver damage plays an
      important role in determining the altered lipoprotein pattern in beta-thalassemia
      major. However, other factors may contribute to cause such lipid changes.

PMID- 6421048
TI  - Serum ferritin in evaluation of iron status in children.
AB  - The value of serum ferritin in assessing iron status was studied in 192 preschool
      age children between the ages of 3 and 60 months. Children were considered to
      have iron deficiency if the transferrin saturation was less than 16% and the
      peripheral smear revealed microcytosis and hypochromia. Anemia was present when
      hemoglobin level was 10.5 g/dl. According to this criteria, 46% of children
      screened had either iron deficiency (11.5%) or iron deficiency anemia (34.4%).
      Mean serum ferritin for the iron deficiency anemia group was 39.1 ng/mg as
      compared to 41.7 ng/ml for the iron deficiency group and 84.7 ng/ml for the
      normal group. Even though the serum ferritin level was lower in the iron
      deficiency group, the difference in the means did not reach statistical
      significance. Furthermore, only 30% of children who had either iron deficiency or
      iron deficiency anemia had serum ferritin level of less than 12 ng/ml, the level
      considered diagnostic for iron deficiency. It can be concluded that serum
      ferritin cannot be used alone for iron status determination. Multiple parameters
      will make the assessment more reliable.

PMID- 6421049
TI  - Clinical observations showing the role of some factors in the etiology of
      multiple myeloma. A study in 7 patients.
AB  - 7 cases of multiple myeloma with a history of exposure to benzene, radioactive
      iodine, chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease and of repeated injections of
      autovaccine to Staphylococcus albus hemolyticus are described. The relationship
      between the development of multiple myeloma and possible etiologic factors is
      discussed.

PMID- 6421050
TI  - Hemophilic arthropathy complicated by polyarticular septic arthritis.
AB  - A case of multiple pyarthroses due to Staphylococcus aureus occurring in a severe
      classical hemophiliac is presented. Successful management depended on drainage of
      the infected joints and a prolonged course of antibiotics. Several criteria are
      suggested for recognition of hemophiliacs who might benefit from joint aspiration
      as a diagnostic tool for the presence of septic arthritis.

PMID- 6421051
TI  - A new unusual translocation involving the short arms of chromosome 19 in Ph1
      positive chronic myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 6421052
TI  - Lumbar arterial rupture secondary to iliopsoas hemorrhage in a hemophiliac
      patient.
AB  - A 62-year-old subhemophiliac patient developed a severe iliopsoas hemorrhage
      following minor trauma. CT scanning revealed a large iliopsoas hematoma and
      intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Angiography demonstrated active bleeding from the
      fourth right lumbar artery, a complication of an iliopsoas hematoma not
      previously described.

PMID- 6421053
TI  - Hairy-cell leukemia complicating coeliac disease: report of a case and discussion
      of possible pathogenetic mechanisms.
AB  - 10-28% of the patients with chronic coeliac disease develop a second malignancy,
      such as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, particularly of the histiocytic type, and
      adenocarcinomas. The second tumor may arise in the intestinal tract or in other
      organs. We describe here a patient who developed a tartrate-resistant, acid
      phosphatase-positive, hairy-cell leukemia after a history of chronic coeliac
      disease. In the literature, no similar case has been described as yet.

PMID- 6421054
TI  - An unusually severe subacute motor neuronopathy in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A patient in whom an unusually severe Hodgkin's disease was complicated by
      subacute motor neuronopathy is described. This is a syndrome involving the lower
      motor neurons, recently described in patients with Hodgkin's disease and other
      lymphomas; its course is more often benign, and independent from that of the
      underlying lymphoma. In our patient it was unusually severe. Its pathological
      features are described. We found only 13 cases of subacute motor neuronopathy
      reported in current literature, with pathological documentation in 5 of these. A
      brief discussion and review of the literature follow.

PMID- 6421055
TI  - Zinc levels of serum, hair and urine in homozygous beta-thalassemic subjects
      under hypertransfusional treatment.
AB  - The concentration of zinc in serum, hair and urine has been examined in 92
      homozygous beta-thalassemic and 81 control subjects. The results were not
      statistically different in the subjects of each group studied (thalassemic and
      control persons of different ages: 1-12, 12-18, and 18-35 years). In the
      thalassemic children no statistically significant differences were observed
      between those normally growing and those with impaired growth. The authors
      hypothesize that hypertransfusional treatment prevents zinc deficiency in the
      thalassemic patients.

PMID- 6421056
TI  - Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and fast decay of reduced
      glutathione in Fanconi's anemia erythrocytes.

PMID- 6421057
TI  - Platelet size in thrombocytosis.

PMID- 6421058
TI  - An enzyme-histochemical approach to the study of the human bone-marrow stroma.
AB  - The different cells and structures of the bone-marrow stroma were studied with
      histochemical markers. Reticulum cells, endothelial cells and macrophages were
      identified by their morphologic characteristics as well as by their different
      positivity to alkaline-phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase and Prussian
      blue staining. Similarities, as well as distinguishing features of all these
      cells, possibly related to their common or different origin and functional
      properties, are described.

PMID- 6421059
TI  - Prognosis in acquired aplastic anemia.
AB  - To study prognostic factors 38 consecutive patients with aplastic anemia were
      evaluated until death or over a follow-up period of at least 4 years. A
      prognostic formula was devised by multivariate analysis for prediction of short
      term survivors at diagnosis of aplastic anemia: Using the initial percentage of
      nonmyeloid cells in the marrow aspirate and the neutrophil count in peripheral
      blood, survival of less than 4 months is predicted with a probability of 89%
      (sensitivity 80%). The lowest blood counts during the course of the disease are
      useful to predict the outcome in more chronic courses of aplastic anemia: A
      reticulocytopenia below 5 X 10(9)/1, a neutropenia below 0.1 X 10(9)/1 or a
      thrombocytopenia below 5 X 10(9)/1 all resulted in an ultimate mortality of over
      90%. However, if none of these threshold values were reached, a 4 year survival
      of 71% was observed. Thus, 5 X 10(9) reticulocytes/1, 0.1 X 10(9) neutrophils/1
      and 5 X 10(9) platelets/1 form a group of risk factors to predict a fatal or
      favorable outcome throughout the course of the disease.

PMID- 6421060
TI  - Effects of cryoglobulin on fibrin clot formation and fibrinolysis.
AB  - It was confirmed that activation of the kallikrein-kinin enzyme system in
      cryoglobulinemia might be initiated by activation of factor XII to factor XIIa by
      cryoglobulin. It was also demonstrated that cryoglobulin or fibrin clots lost
      their ability to redissolve on warming to 37 degrees C, and consequently the
      lysis time of fibrin clots was increased.

PMID- 6421061
TI  - Retinoic acid enhances the growth of only one subpopulation of granulomonocyte
      precursors.
AB  - The effect of various concentrations of retinoic acid on the growth of committed
      granulomonopoietic precursors (CFU-GM) was studied on semisolid agar cultures.
      Retinoic acid increased the growth of day 14 CFU-GM but had no significant effect
      on day 7 CFU-GM. Since the latter are believed to represent the progeny of day 14
      CFU-GM it is suggested that the effect of retinoic acid is confined to the early
      stages of granulomonocytic differentiation.

PMID- 6421062
TI  - [Characterization of smooth muscle organs by determination of cellular myosin
      content].
AB  - The mean relative content of myosin of cells from smooth muscular organs was
      estimated using immunocytochemical methods after enzymatical tissue
      disintegration. The cells were classified according to myosin content. Aortas and
      urinary bladders of newborn rats and chicken amnions were used as models. Cells
      of a permanent cell strain, being free of smooth muscular myosin served as
      negative controls. It could be shown, that the content of myosin, estimated by
      immunocytochemical methods correlates with the state of development of smooth
      muscular organs.

PMID- 6421063
TI  - Cytophotometrical histochemical method of simultaneous measurement of two
      ingredients (DNA, proteins, enzymes) in the same cell.
AB  - There are 2 alternative procedures for cytophotometrical determination of 2
      histochemical ingredients (DNA, proteins, and enzymes) in the same cell. The 1st
      possibility consists of the sequential measurement of 2 ingredients, when the 2nd
      chromophore is revealed after the determination and extraction of the 1st
      chromophore. Another one is the simultaneous measurement, when the 2
      histochemical reactions (at 1st with the 1st chromophore and then with the other
      one) are performed on the fixed sections. So each of the sections includes 2
      chromophores simultaneously. Next after photometry in 2 wavelengths, the quantity
      of each chromophore is calculated. This method gives a characteristic of mutual
      distribution of 2 ingredients in one and the same cell by coefficient of
      correlation. This article accentuates the causes of the limitations, and the
      estimation of mistakes. In the appendix there are described methodics and
      programmes of calculations.

PMID- 6421064
TI  - [Localization of beta-glucuronidase in human mouth mucosal epithelium].
AB  - The authors investigated the activity of beta-glucuronidase in the mucous
      membrane of the alveolar process and in the buccal mucous membrane under light
      and electron microscopes. Demonstration of the enzyme was performed by means of a
      modification of the method of Hayashi. Under the light microscope enzymatic
      activity was demonstrated in both types of epithelium, particularly in the
      fibroblasts of connective tissue, higher activity being found in vascular walls,
      inflammatory infiltrates and particularly in macrophages. Findings in the
      epithelium were positive only in the stratum basale and the lower layers of the
      stratum spinosum. Submicroscopically activity of the enzyme was apparent in all
      layers of the epithelium, particularly in primary and secondary lysosomes and in
      cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and only rarely in Golgi
      complex. There were only a few positive structures in the surface layers of the
      epithelium. Activity was lower in the buccal mucosa than in the alveolar
      epithelium. In the mucosa of the oral cavity the enzyme probably has a role in
      the degradation of proteoglycans.

PMID- 6421065
TI  - Lectins in the unicellular Tetrahymena. II. Impact of nutrition and sugar
      treatment on anti-lectin binding.
AB  - Tetrahymena pyriformis GL cells showed partly intracytoplasmic, partly
      intramembraneous accumulation of lectin-like proteins in conditions of
      starvation, as demonstrated cytochemically by reaction with antibodies to pea,
      lens, bean, Datura, and snail lectin. The lectins binding to simple sugars tended
      to accumulate in the membrane, whereas those capable of interacting with
      hexosamines in the cytoplasm. While the fluorescence pattern of lectin
      localization was generally homogeneous in normally nourished cells, it assumed a
      variegated appearance in starved cells, owing to patching of the membrane, and
      spot-like accumulation of lectins in the cytoplasm, presumably within membranes
      of endocytosed vesicles. Snail lectin was an exception, since its distribution
      remained homogeneous also in conditions of starvation.

PMID- 6421066
TI  - The electron microscopic localization of alkaline phosphatase in Pacinian
      corpuscles of the cat.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase has been studied in
      Pacinian corpuscles of the cat mesentery by the method of Mayahara et al. (1967)
      with 3 substrates. As control studies, specimens were incubated in the medium
      containing L-cysteine (10 mmol) or EDTA (5 mmol). The electron opaque final
      reaction product was observed on plasmic membranes and in cytoplasm and
      pinocytotic vesicles of the inner core cells. The precipitate was present also in
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, and cytoplasmic vacuoles of
      the inner core lamellae. The axon revealed the positive enzymatic activity in the
      axolemma and the scattered precipitate was found in axoplasm. The pinocytotic
      vesicles in the capillary endothelium entering Pacinian corpuscles contained the
      reaction product, too. The capsule lamellae were devoid of precipitate.
      Localization of alkaline phosphatase in pinocytotic vesicles of the inner core
      lamellae and capillary wall support the opinion that this enzyme plays the
      significant role in the phenomenon of the transport of molecules through inner
      core lamellae from capillaries to the axon in Pacinian corpuscles.

PMID- 6421067
TI  - [Histochemical detection of tissue changes using tetrazolium salts of differing
      nitrosensitivity].
AB  - By histochemical detection of succinic dehydrogenase in the myocardium of rats,
      it was shown that cell alterations induced by isoprenaline can be demonstrated in
      different qualities by the use of the atypical formazans of suitable nitro
      monotetrazolium salts. The chemical structure of these nitro-monotetrazolium
      salts defines their different trends ("nitro-sensitivity") to react in their
      atypically-coloured formazans under histochemical conditions. A range of nitro
      monotetrazolium salts with graded nitro-sensitivities is stated for improved
      histochemical detection of cell and tissue injuries.

PMID- 6421068
TI  - [Immunofluorescent optical detection of HBSAG in the human small intestine in
      chronic aggressive HBSAG-seronegative hepatitis with diarrhea].
AB  - HBsAg has been detected by direct immunofluorescence in the small bowel biopsy
      specimen of a 16 a old male patient with diarrhoea and HBsAg seronegative
      (autoimmune) chronic aggressive hepatitis. HBsAg was localized focally in apical
      regions of intestinal crypts, in the cytoplasm, and on their cell membranes as
      well as in vascular endothelium. Pretreatment of the tissue sections with
      unlabelled anti-IgM, anti-IgG, and fresh human serum did not block the direct
      staining for HBsAg. Antisera to IgG, the complement components C1q, C4, and C5 as
      well as to fibrinogen and FITC-Staphylococcus protein A were bound in a similar
      manner. Therefore, it may be reasonable to assume, that hepatitis B virus can
      infect the human small intestine and could be regarded as one of rare
      gastroenteritic viruses.

PMID- 6421069
TI  - The flow cytometry for diagnosis of male fertility.
AB  - The patient came with a severe testicular disturbance
      (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia) into the department of andrology. After
      antiphlogistic- and antiestrogen therapy the clinical spermatological findings
      (spermiograms) were compared with the corresponding histograms of the flow
      cytometry analysis and interpreted as according with them.

PMID- 6421070
TI  - Cytofluorometric study of the erythrocyte glycoconjugates content in different
      species of vertebrates.
AB  - The PAS-positive material was measured by cytofluorometry in peripheral
      circulating erythrocytes of 22 species from different classes of Vertebrates. The
      following parameters were considered: total fluorescence intensity per cell,
      concentration index, fluorescence fading. The highest variability of
      concentration indexes was found in Fishes with a minimum in the more active
      swimmers (Scylliorhinus and Salmo); this fact may be related to a more intense
      erythropoiesis. The values were more homogeneous in the Amphibians, Reptiles, and
      Birds, the difference never exceeding 1/2 between the maximum and minimum values.
      The lowest concentration indexes were found in Mammals, a class with very
      specialized and enucleated erythrocytes: the data appear rather heterogeneous
      with a minimum in Macaca. The patterns of fluorescence fading suggest a
      biochemical homogeneity of the PAS-positive erythrocyte material in the species
      considered. This fact might indicate the presence of a fundamental biochemical
      component possibly linked to different structures of the red cells.

PMID- 6421071
TI  - [Further studies on modification of phenoloxidase by effectors].
AB  - With the aid of the histochemical phenoloxidase (PO) assay, 12 substances were
      tested. On the one side they can act as substrates or as inhibitors of
      phenoloxidase and on the other side as immunogenic or immunosuppressive
      compounds. In particular the following substances were investigated: o-cresol,
      Levamisol, prednisolonebisuccinate, Bleocin, siliciumdioxide, 4
      methylbrenzcatechol, +-catechine, thiomersal, D-penicillamine,
      hydrochinonemonomethylether, hydrochinonemonoethylether, and
      hydrochinonemonobenzylether. No changes in the phenoloxidase activity and in the
      morphological behaviour of the cells could be detected using Levamisol,
      prednisolonebisuccinate, siliciumdioxide, and Bleomycin, indicating an
      immunogenic stimulation or immunosuppressive effect. 4-methylbrenzcatechol is
      probably transformed into a soluble reaction product by phenoloxidase. It could
      not clearly demonstrated by the histochemical method, if this substance is used
      as a true substrate. +-catechine, thiomersal, and D-penicillamine cause strong to
      complete enzyme inhibition of the phenoloxidase containing cells (POC), which are
      located in the spleen and gut of the white rat. Hydrochinonemonoethylether,
      hydrochinonemethylether, and hydrochinonemonobenzylether cause an increased
      pigment fermentation, but they are not used as substrates for the PO.

PMID- 6421072
TI  - The cholinergic innervation of human pancreatic islets.
AB  - The cholinergic innervation of pancreatic islets was investigated in the human
      using operatory samples. In order to analyze the nature of stained cholinergic
      nerve fibers some specimens were incubated in a solution containing 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-HDA) to obtain a selective degeneration of adrenergic nerves.
      Cholinergic nerve fibers are present in human pancreatic islets, and appear to be
      organized in an external peri-insular plexus. Some nerve fibers from the peri
      insular plexus enter the islets and seem to innervate directly various types of
      endocrine insular elements. The 6-HDA treatment does not alter the distribution
      pattern of cholinergic nerve fibers within pancreatic islets.

PMID- 6421073
TI  - Localization of three inhibitors of cysteineproteinases in the human oral mucosa.
AB  - 3 known human cysteineproteinase inhibitors--neutral cysteineproteinase inhibitor
      (NCPI), acid cysteineproteinase inhibitor (ACPI) and serum alpha
      cysteineproteinase inhibitor (alpha-CPI)--were localized immunohistochemically in
      the squamous epithelium of the mouth by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      complex method and formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Neither
      ACPI nor NCPI was found in the 2 to 3 most basal cell layers of the epithelium,
      but a strong cytoplasmic reaction was seen in the upper cell layers by using
      either anti-ACPI or anti-NCPI serum. In some cells the most dense stain
      precipitate was seen around or in the nucleus, and in the highest cell layers the
      staining was sometimes associated with the cell membrane. alpha-CPI was localized
      mainly in the epithelial stroma and in the intercellular space of the epithelium.

PMID- 6421074
TI  - [Immunohistological detection of T lymphocytes with monoclonal antibody BL-T2].
AB  - Using the monoclonal Pan-T cell antibody BL-T2 T lymphocytes are identified on
      tissue sections with an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The T cell areas
      between the lymphoid follicles (B cells) are stained on cryostat sections of
      human palatine tonsils. A conventional heterologous anti-Ig antiserum was used
      for the detection of B lymphocytes. The identification of T and B lymphocytes by
      immunofluorescence allows statements about the distribution of both populations
      in tissue sections.

PMID- 6421075
TI  - [Effect of blood factors on the myosin content of cultured vascular smooth muscle
      cells].
AB  - Heparin, sodium butyrate, and the absence of platelet derived factors in the
      nutrient medium are able to inhibit the decrease of the content of myosin in
      cultivated arterial smooth muscle cells. Factor VIII and thrombin have no
      significant influence on this process.

PMID- 6421076
TI  - Introducing a monoclonal antibody to insulin: the islets of Langerhans as a model
      for immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 6421077
TI  - Antiepileptic effect of electric stimulation of the locus coeruleus in man.

PMID- 6421078
TI  - Nitrous oxide augments the systemic and coronary haemodynamic effects of
      isoflurane in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - The effects of 70% nitrous oxide, added to 1% end-tidal isoflurane and
      administered by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), on coronary
      haemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation were investigated in 10 patients with
      ischaemic heart disease. Standard methods were used for determination of their
      central haemodynamic effects. Coronary blood flow was measured by the retrograde
      thermodilution technique and coronary sinus blood sampled for measurement of
      myocardial oxygen consumption and lactate extraction. One per cent end-tidal
      isoflurane decreased systemic blood pressure (-39%) by a combination of systemic
      vasodilation and reduction in cardiac performance. Coronary blood flow remained
      unaltered despite the fall in coronary perfusion pressure and myocardial oxygen
      consumption (-30%) and extraction (-30%) fell significantly. Ischaemic ECG
      changes parallelled by decreased myocardial lactate extraction or lactate
      production were recorded in 6 of the 10 patients during steady state isoflurane
      anaesthesia. When nitrous oxide was added to isoflurane there was a fall in heart
      rate (-13%), a further reduction in systemic blood pressure (-18%) and myocardial
      oxygen consumption (-31%) and extraction (-17%) whereas all other variables
      including coronary blood flow remained unaltered. The myocardial ischaemia was
      worsened in three of the six patients with ECG and metabolic signs of impaired
      oxygenation during isoflurane alone. It is concluded that nitrous oxide
      potentiates the systemic and coronary haemodynamic effects of isoflurane in
      patients with coronary artery disease. The mechanisms for myocardial ischaemia
      seem to be decreased coronary perfusion pressure and/or redistribution of
      coronary blood flow by direct coronary vasodilation.

PMID- 6421079
TI  - Distribution of expiratory gas and rebreathing in T-piece modifications used in
      weaning.
AB  - The simple T-piece is frequently used as a weaning system during respirator
      treatment. It is modified with an expiratory non-compliant reservoir (EnCR), an
      inspiratory compliant reservoir (ICR) and/or an expiratory one-way valve. The
      distribution of expiratory gases and rebreathing were studied in a model set-up
      in the corresponding systems at different fresh gas flows (FGF) and tidal volumes
      (VT). An EnCR produces no change, whereas an ICR causes the expiratory gas to
      flow into the inspiratory limb, an effect which is intensified by the presence of
      an expiratory valve. With a falling FGF and a rising VT, increasing amounts of
      expiratory gas are found in the inspiratory limb in the modifications with an
      ICR. However, this gives rise to rebreathing in the valve modification with a low
      FGF and high VT. The modification of the T-piece with an ICR but without a one
      way valve is advantageous, as this system combines only slight dilution via the
      expiratory limb and a minimal risk of rebreathing.

PMID- 6421080
TI  - Concentrations of sulfur-containing free amino acids in lumbar cerebrospinal
      fluid from patients with consciousness disturbances.
AB  - The concentrations of sulfur-containing amino acids (taurine, methionine,
      cystine, cystathionine, homocystine) in lumbar CSF from patients with
      consciousness disturbances and controls were measured, and it was investigated
      whether there was any correlation between the sequential changes of these amino
      acid concentrations and of the level of consciousness. In all patients,
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered and the changes of levels of
      consciousness and amino acid concentrations were followed before and after
      administration. The concentrations of taurine and cystathionine from the patients
      were significantly lower, and methionine and cystine significantly higher than
      those from the controls; they returned to the control values in parallel with
      improvement of consciousness level. Homocystine was not detected in either
      patients or controls. These results suggest that the alteration in the level of
      consciousness is associated with distortion of sulfur-containing amino acid
      metabolism within the central nervous system, at least in the CSF.

PMID- 6421082
TI  - Vaginal absorption of two estriol preparations. A comparative study in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - In a comparative randomized cross-over study the absorption of a single dose of
      0.5 mg estriol from a vaginal cream or a vaginal suppository (OvestinR, Organon,
      The Netherlands) was studied. Eight healthy postmenopausal women participated and
      the preparations were given with an interval of 14 days. Blood sampling was
      performed twice before application and then after 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and
      48 hours. Serum was analysed for unconjugated and conjugated estriol (E3), FSH
      and LH by radio-immunoassay. Considerable interindividual variations in serum
      levels of unconjugated E3 were found but mean values were about equal throughout
      the study for the two preparations. Peak levels of 0.5-0.6 nmol/l were achieved 1
      2 hours after application of the preparations and after 24 hours no unconjugated
      E3 was measurable. Conjugated E3 rose rapidly but within 48 hours serum
      concentrations reached baseline levels. A maximum decrease in serum LH levels of
      about 40% was obtained with both preparations after 6 hours and the return to
      baseline within 24 hours indicates a relationship to unconjugated E3. FSH in
      serum was maximally suppressed 6-12%. Estriol is thus readily absorbed by the
      vaginal route and peak levels of unconjugated E3 after insertion of 0.5 mg
      estriol seem to be comparable to those obtained after 8-12 mg estriol given
      orally.

PMID- 6421081
TI  - Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Significance and possible cytogenetic
      implications of an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Twenty-two cases of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA), five of which
      associated with tuberous sclerosis, were reviewed by conventional
      neurohistological stains and by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, the 68 Kd
      neurofilament subunit (68 Kd-NF), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
      Neurohistological stains confirmed the presence of PTAH-positive fibrils and the
      absence of Nissl bodies and of neurites originating from the tumor cells. GFA
      protein-positive cells were present in all tumors not associated with tuberous
      sclerosis. However, the number of positive cells in each tumor was highly
      variable. GFA protein-positive cells were rare in the two SGCA accompanying
      tuberous sclerosis and absent in the remaining three. Neurohistological stains
      showed no differences between GFA protein-positive and negative cells. 68 Kd-NF
      positive cells were found in six tumors. In one tumor, associated with tuberous
      sclerosis, it was present in the large ganglion-like cells only. NSE-positive
      cells were found in 13 of 18 tumors examined, including four of the five SGCA
      associated with tuberous sclerosis. The significance of NSE-positivity in central
      neuroepithelial neoplasms in respect of their possible neuronal origin remains
      open. This study suggests that the SGCA, especially those associated with
      tuberous sclerosis, include cells that are apparently unable to express GFA
      protein. Some of the tumor cells express the 68 Kd-NF, but this expression falls
      short of the complete expression of neuronal differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421083
TI  - A clinical evaluation of treatment with estriol vaginal cream versus suppository
      in postmenopausal women.
AB  - Thirty postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy were treated with a vaginal
      cream or vaginal suppositories containing 0.5 mg estriol (OvestinR, Organon, The
      Netherlands). The preparations were given daily for 14 days and then during the
      next 6 weeks a maintenance dose was applied twice a week. Cervical mucus, vaginal
      cytology and the endometrium were studied. Blood samples were analysed for
      unconjugated and conjugated estriol, FSH, LH, prolactin and sex hormone binding
      globulin capacity, before and after 2 weeks of treatment. Subjective relief of
      vaginal symptoms was reported by all patients. Restoration of vaginal mucosa was
      confirmed by colposcopy. Some women noted a feeling of transient "vaginal heat"
      during the first days of treatment; otherwise no side effects were reported.
      Higher values for Spinnbarkeit, ferning and karyopyknotic index were found for
      the cream group on day 14. No endometrial stimulation was detected as judged by
      light microscopy in any of the samples. No significant differences between the
      preparations were found for any of the hormone variables, or sex hormone binding
      globulin capacity, except for prolactin levels after 2 weeks of treatment.
      Possible reasons for the disparity between the two preparations regarding
      peripheral variables are discussed.

PMID- 6421084
TI  - New cases of irregular blood group antibodies other than anti-D in pregnancy.
      Frequency and clinical significance.
AB  - The frequency of irregular blood group antibodies detected for the first time in
      pregnant women during the period 1975-80 has been examined. Whereas Rh(D)
      negative gravidae in Norway are examined immuno-hematologically three times
      during pregnancy, Rh(D)-positive women are tested once only, usually early in
      pregnancy. Nevertheless, about one-third of the new cases of immunization within
      the Rh system were found in the Rh-positive women. In the latter, anti-E and anti
      c were the Rh antibodies most frequently encountered. Among other irregular
      antibodies which can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), those of the
      Kell and Duffy systems are the ones second in frequency and clinical significance
      to the Rh antibodies. In the present series about 40% of the new cases of
      immunization within the Rh, Kell and Duffy systems were found in Rh-positive
      women. This proportion would undoubtedly have been greater if also the Rh
      positive women had been retested for the presence of irregular blood group
      antibodies towards the end of the gestation. Such a retesting of Rh-positive
      gravidae is desirable both for a better prediction and early diagnosis of HDN and
      to facilitate the procurement of compatible blood if the woman should need an
      emergency blood transfusion.

PMID- 6421085
TI  - Skin carcinogenesis in rats by 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12
      dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene. Influence of dose and frequency on tumour response
      and its histological type.
AB  - Skin tumours were induced in male inbred rats of the Lister and Wistar strains
      and in (WixBN) F1 hybrids by topical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)
      and 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA). Several schedules of application
      were compared. At a weight basis DMBA was more potent than MCA and the tumour
      response to DMBA was most clearly related to total dose applied, while the
      frequency of application was very important for the tumour crop on MCA-treated
      rats. DMBA led to a marked predominance of squamous celled tumours (SQCT) when
      treatment was potent, while basal celled and adnexal tumours (BCAT) prevailed
      after any dosage of MCA. The carcinogenic effect of DMBA in a low total dose
      approached that of the most potent dosage of MCA. At this level of activity DMBA
      induced more BCAT than SQCT in both strains and in the hybrids, while MCA induced
      an increased number of SQCT. Strain differences did not interfere with these main
      results.

PMID- 6421086
TI  - N- and alpha C-oxidation of alpha-alkyl substituted phenethylamines by a
      reconstituted cytochrome P-450 oxidase system from rabbit liver.

PMID- 6421087
TI  - Minute ventilation changes in rabbits during experimental hypothermia.
AB  - The effect of experimental hypothermia on changes of the electrophysiological
      equivalent of minute ventilation (Veq) was studied in rabbits under urethane
      chloralose general anaesthesia with muscle relaxation and artificial ventilation.
      The animals were subjected to bilateral vagotomy prior to the experiment. During
      normothermia (37.5 +/- 0.7 degree C) and hypothermia (29.9 +/- 1.7 degrees C) the
      animals were given for breathing a hypercapnic mixture of gases (CO2 5% with O2
      95%) and asphyxia was produced by switching off the respirator. The arterial
      blood pressure, blood flow in the common carotid artery, end-expiratory CO2
      concentration, "integrated" phernic nerve activity and brain-stem temperature
      were recorded. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, hydrogen ion
      concentration and arterial acid-base balance were determined with correction for
      temperature changes. The equivalent of minute ventilation (being the product of
      the frequency and amplitude of "integrated" phrenic nerve activity) decreased in
      hypothermia by 91%, with a simultaneous fall of PaCO2 from 33,48 +/- 3.84 mmHg to
      23.40 +/- 3.59 mmHg (by 30%). The hypercapnic stimulus applied during hypothermia
      produced a fivefold lower Veq value than in normothermia and under control
      conditions (despite a similar value of PaCO2 of 28.89 +/- 3.12 mmHg). The Veq
      value approaching that found under normal conditions in normothermia was observed
      during hypothermia only when asphyxia was induced when the value of PaCO2 was
      37.07 +/- 8.74 mm Hg and that of PaO2 was 37.41 +/- 29.11 mmHg. During
      hypothermia the blood flow in the common carotid artery decreased by 16% when the
      animals were breathing the hypercapnic mixture. The analysis of the obtained
      results showed a direct effect of temperature on respiratory activity generation
      and regulation of arterial blood flow to the brain. It may be supposed also that
      hypothermia raises the response threshold to CO2 level in the breathed air.

PMID- 6421088
TI  - Effect of lowered temperature on respiratory rhythm generation in rabbit.
AB  - It was tried in this study to determine the effects of temperature and carbon
      dioxide on the respiratory drive under experimental hypothermia in rabbits under
      urethane-chloralose anaesthesia after muscle-relaxant administration, after
      bilateral vagotomy and during artificial ventilation with a biologically
      controlled respirator. Hypercapnia was produced in the animals during
      normothermia (37.3 +/- 0.7 degrees C) and hypothermia (30.0 +/- 1.5 degrees C).
      The basic physiological parameters and efferent activity of the phrenic nerve
      were recorded, and arterial blood gasometric parameters were determined. The
      electrophysiological equivalent of minute ventilation (Veq) decreased during
      hypothermia by 33% on the average while the PaCO2 value was unchanged. The
      hypercapnic stimulus applied during hypothermia failed also to raise the Veq
      value to its initial level. A 9% fall of blood flow was observed in the common
      carotid artery when the animals received a hypercapnic gas mixture for breathing
      during hypothermia. The results obtained in this study and earlier observations
      confirm unequivocally the hypothesis of a direct influence of temperature
      lowering on respiratory rhythm generation and regulation of arterial blood flow
      to the brain.

PMID- 6421089
TI  - [Kinetics and mechanism of ftorafur decomposition. 1. Determination of expiration
      dates of ftorafur injection solutions].

PMID- 6421090
TI  - Immunochemotherapy with levamisole for stage III gastric cancer patients.
AB  - Levamisole (LMS) was given to stage III gastric cancer patients starting three
      days before gastrectomy, at a does of 150 mg/day for three consecutive days every
      other week. Survival rates of these patients were compared with those of stage
      III gastric cancer patients previously operated in our Department who had not
      received levamisole. The background factors of both groups were matched as
      closely as possible. Both groups were concomitantly treated with mitomycin C and
      FT-207. The survival rate of the LMS group was significantly higher than that of
      the control group when the tumor had a diameter of 4.0-8.0 cm, cancer cells
      infiltrated to the gastric serosa, there were metastases within the regional
      lymph nodes, cancer cells slightly invaded the venous capillaren and there was
      moderate infiltration of the stroma.

PMID- 6421091
TI  - Growth hormone and endothelial function during exercise in diabetics with and
      without retinopathy.
AB  - Changes in plasma growth hormone (GH), factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag),
      and plasminogen activator activity (PAA) during exercise were evaluated in 50
      insulin-dependent diabetics. In patients with a short to moderately long duration
      of diabetes (5-19 years, mean 11), GH increased only in those with retinopathy.
      VIIIR:Ag and PAA increased most pronouncedly in retinopathy patients as well. In
      diabetics with long duration of the disease (21-49 years, mean 35), GH, VIIIR:Ag
      and PAA increased almost equally in those with and without retinopathy.

PMID- 6421092
TI  - Influence of dehydration on activity changes of pineal gland and subcommissural
      organ cells in Rana temporaria L. in annual cycle.
AB  - The karyometric analysis of the cells of the pineal gland and subcommissural
      organ in Rana temporaria L. was carried out under the influence of dehydration in
      the annual cycle. The dehydration stress was found to retard the activity of the
      pineal gland and at the same time to stimulate the activity of the subcommissural
      organ apart from the breeding period and the middle period of active life on
      land. The results showed that both the pineal gland and the subcommissural organ
      take part in the regulation of water balance in the species under study.

PMID- 6421093
TI  - Morphological study of the kidneys of lithium treated rats.
AB  - Short-term treatment of rats with low doses (2 meq/kg) of lithium carbonate led
      to renal damage which, however, appeared to be almost completely reversible even
      in nephrectomized animals. Renal damage caused by higher doses (6 meq/kg) was
      more explicit, but also appeared to be reversible to a certain degree even in the
      case of continuous lithium treatment. Regeneration was less expressed in
      nephrectomized animals. The collecting tubules and some segments of Henle's loop,
      as sites poor in mitochondria, display increased susceptibility to the damaging
      effect of lithium carbonate.

PMID- 6421094
TI  - Ultrastructural consequences of reperfusion of the ischaemic myocardium.
AB  - Ultrastructural changes following ischaemic myocardial injury have been
      investigated in dogs. After 15 to 120 min global normothermic ischaemia the
      hearts were reperfused in a special heart-lung model for 60 min and then
      subjected to electron microscopic examination. The degree of morphological
      alterations and the duration of ischaemia were approximately interrelated. The
      ischaemic hearts showed characteristic changes such as mitochondrial, sarcolemmal
      and myofibrillar defects (swelling, disruption of cristae, loss of matrical
      density and contractile bands, myofibrillar rupture and lysis, blurred Z-lines).
      The hypercontractions are no artifacts but consequences of irreversible cellular
      injury and the observed stiffness during reperfusion is a good marker of the
      myocardial damage suffered.

PMID- 6421095
TI  - Electron microscopic structure of the human round window membrane.
AB  - The fine structure of the human round window membrane has been investigated. It
      was found to consist of three layers: the tympanic cavity layer, the middle
      connective tissue layer, and the scala tympani layer. The middle connective
      tissue layer is considered the most important part of the round window membrane
      as it permits the movements of the inner ear fluid caused by the movements of the
      stapedial foot plate. The strength and elasticity of the membrane is guaranteed
      by three-dimensionally arranged collagen and elastic fibres and elastic networks
      in the middle connective tissue layer. The rupture of the round window membrane
      seems to be due to the diminished number and elasticity of the elastic elements
      in the middle connective tissue layer of the round window membrane.

PMID- 6421096
TI  - Fine structure of perisinusoidal cells in developing human and mouse liver.
AB  - The fine structure of hepatic perisinusoidal cells was studied in human fetuses
      and in mouse embryos and fetuses. The perisinusoidal cells differed in structure
      from the sinusoidal lining cells, and occasionally mitosis of perisinusoidal
      cells was observed suggesting that these cells are independent and self
      proliferating at the stage of development studied. Unlike perisinusoidal cells of
      the normal mature liver, those of the developing liver contained only sparse and
      small lipid droplets. They possessed a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum
      and Golgi complex, and many microtubules. Collagen fibrils appeared in close
      proximity to perisinusoidal cells. In perisinusoidal cells of the mouse liver
      development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, accumulation of
      microtubules and increase of collagen fibrils progressed with the time of
      gestation. The thick cytoplasmic processes of the perisinusoidal cells frequently
      encircled the sinusoids, and 5-6 nm thick filaments appeared at the cell
      periphery. Perisinusoidal cells and hepatocytes were frequently linked by
      junctional elements. These findings strongly suggest that the perisinusoidal
      cells are responsible for the production of type III collagen. Also they may
      indicate that these cells reinforce the sinusoides, influence the sinusoidal
      blood flow by contractile activity and participate in the maintenance of the
      parenchymal organisation in the developing liver.

PMID- 6421097
TI  - Morphological investigations of mixed pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Thirteen pituitary adenomas were investigated by light and electron microscopy
      and in tissue culture. In all adenomas the production of growth hormone and
      prolactin was proved by endocrine symptoms of the patients and by laboratory
      tests. Histopathological findings were compared with culture characteristics. In
      3 cases the adenoma consisted of three kinds of cell population, in 7 cases of
      two kinds, and in other 3 cases of one kind. In cases where 3 kinds of cell
      population were found, beside the granulated cells star-shaped forms without
      secretion granules could be observed. They probably corresponded to follicular
      cells. In three cases one single cell population was found. In these cases two
      different hormones might have been produced by one type of cell. These cells
      could be considered stem-like cellular elements or differentiated committed
      cells.

PMID- 6421098
TI  - Effect of experimental patellar luxation on the knee joint in the rat.
AB  - In 16 male Wistar albino rats the patella was fixed to the lateral aspect of the
      lateral condylus of the femur. Animals with luxated knee joint and controls were
      sacrificed 7-9 months after surgery. Operated knee joints were processed for
      histology and subjected to morphometric analysis in comparison to the controls.-
      It was found that (1) the artificial disturbance of the femoro-patellar junction
      resulted in a severe destruction of articular cartilages of the tibio-femoral and
      femoro-patellar junction; (2) the destructions progressed with time; (3) there
      was no substantial difference between the changes of the medial and lateral
      articular surfaces of the femur and tibia; (4) changes comprised focal cartilage
      necrosis, widening of cartilaginous area under the tide-mark, proliferation of
      subchondral bone and formation of osteophytes; (5) the fact that a change of the
      statics of femoro-patellar junction leads to panarthrosis, moreover that
      articular capsule, menisci, epi-, meta-, and diaphyseal bone areas are also
      involved, indicate the complexity of the question. The findings indicated that
      changes of the femoro-patellar junction play a role in the degenerative processes
      of the knee joint. It is concluded that early recognition and treatment of femoro
      patellar alterations may help in the prevention of knee panarthrosis.

PMID- 6421099
TI  - Effect of triton X-100 on cytochemical and ultrastructural pattern of chromatin.
AB  - The action of Triton X-100 on chromatin was observed in normal rat liver, thymus
      and ascites hepatoma cells. For DNA cytochemistry and thin-section electron
      microscopy the cells were treated with the permeabilizing 0.05% concentration of
      Triton 0.5-1% Triton treatment was applied to rat thymus nuclei spread on
      electron microscopic supports. Triton caused a compactness of chromatin in
      stained nuclei, in ultrathin sections and nuclear spreads. The most prominent
      feature of the tritonized higher order fibre is an increased regularity of its
      structure. In the nuclei stained for DNA with toluidine blue, Triton caused a
      sharp increase of optical density in the comparable zone of the spectral maximum
      and a shift to the shorter wave lengths. Cells treated with Triton exhibit an
      exaggerated anisotropic staining reaction. The cytochemical and cytophysical
      changes induced by Triton X-100 are explained by a polymerization caused by an
      increased regularity of the chromatin fibre structure.

PMID- 6421100
TI  - Platelet prostaglandins and related compounds in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6421101
TI  - On the mechanism of platelet activation during hemostasis and thrombosis and on
      the effects of platelet inhibiting drugs.

PMID- 6421102
TI  - Molecular mechanism of fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6421103
TI  - Fibrinolysis and body weight: fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in obese
      children.

PMID- 6421104
TI  - Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 6421105
TI  - Mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension by hypoxemia.

PMID- 6421106
TI  - Platelets, hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6421107
TI  - Factor VIII and antithrombin III in atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower
      limbs.

PMID- 6421108
TI  - Organization of primate internal pallidum as revealed by fluorescent retrograde
      tracing of its efferent projections.

PMID- 6421109
TI  - Possible descending pathways mediating spontaneous tremor in monkeys.

PMID- 6421110
TI  - Tyrosine hydroxylase cofactor (tetrahydrobiopterin) in parkinsonism.

PMID- 6421111
TI  - Deprenyl prolongs the therapeutic efficacy of combined L-DOPA in Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 6421112
TI  - DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine for freezing symptom in parkinsonism.

PMID- 6421113
TI  - Adjuvant drugs in the treatment of on-off phenomena in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6421114
TI  - The nigrostriatal nervous pathways in the brain of the cat. An autoradiographic
      study.
AB  - By comparing the findings obtained in these series of cats with injections of 3H
      leucine involving different areas of the SN and adjacent neurons of the VTA, some
      conclusions may be drawn concerning the origins, courses, and terminations of the
      nigrostriatal fibers. Three main bundles of nigrostriatal fibers originating from
      different groups of neurons of the SN may be identified. The main cluster of
      neurons of the compacta type, corresponding to the more abundant and larger
      neurons of this group in the caudal part of the SN and above (pars dorsalis of
      the SN), gives rise to fibers that leave the latter structure through its
      dorsomedial lip. They course successively in the VTA and in the area of Tsai and
      proceed rostralward through the lateral hypothalamus, subthalamus, and the
      internal capsule. At the level of the anterior limb of the internal capsule, they
      undergo an important arborization before ending in the putamen and caudate
      nucleus. Fibers from the main cluster of compacta neurons terminate more dorsally
      and those from the dorsal part of the SN end more ventrally in the neostriatum.
      These findings generally agree with those of VanderMaelen et al. (12) and Szabo
      (9), who applied the HRP technique, and Usunoff et al. (11), who used a selective
      silver impregnation method in cat brains. In the caudate nucleus, endings from
      the compacta type neurons are more abundant in certain areas, forming islands of
      dense silver grains. These areas of dense endings appear to correspond to the
      areas of greater cellular density of the striatum as more easily recognizable in
      the caudate nucleus of the newborn cat (Fig. 9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421115
TI  - Jugular vein obstruction caused by turning of the head.
AB  - In vivo and cadaver studies demonstrated that turning the head to one side
      results in torsion and compression of the ipsilateral internal jugular vein. This
      can obstruct venous drainage from the head and cause increased intracranial
      pressure in patients who have had ligation or resection of the contralateral
      jugular vein or who have maldevelopment of the contralateral dural sinuses.

PMID- 6421116
TI  - Histopathologic analysis of intraarterial polyvinyl alcohol microemboli in rat
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam particles have been used with success in both
      experimental and clinical embolization of vascular lesions. Cellular response to
      PVA has been well documented outside, but not within, the central nervous system.
      This study was directed specifically at the cellular response to PVA in rat brain
      vasculature. By using small numbers of microparticles, an effort was made to
      define the response to PVA alone, rather than associated occlusions or
      infarctions. It was determined that PVA elicited no significant inflammatory
      response in the embolized vessels nor in the surrounding tissue. The isolated
      fragments did not appear to alter the blood-brain barrier. The PVA microemboli
      were extremely adherent to vascular endothelium, lodging in vessels of larger
      diameter and in relatively high-flow locations without actually wedging within
      the vessel lumen. On the basis of this analysis, it was determined that PVA foam
      has properties suitable for an intracerebral vascular embolic agent.

PMID- 6421117
TI  - Epidural gas: an unusual complication of Crohn disease.

PMID- 6421118
TI  - Transient computed tomographic abnormalities after focal seizures.

PMID- 6421119
TI  - Evolution of central pontine myelinolysis on CT.

PMID- 6421120
TI  - Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint disk demonstrated by CT.

PMID- 6421121
TI  - Preparation of neuroradiologic procedures: a questionnaire.
AB  - Responses to a questionnaire sent to members of the ASNR indicated that most
      neuroradiologists do not believe extensive precautions reduce the infection rate
      for the routine patient undergoing myelography or femoral cerebral angiography.
      Most neuroradiologists queried do not routinely perform a surgical scrub before
      each procedure. Most wear sterile gloves and gowns, but not caps or masks. They
      do prepare the puncture site in a meticulous manner. Concern was expressed for
      the likelihood of causing infection in patients undergoing extensive procedures
      such as angioplasty or embolization, puncturing femoral grafts, or in the
      presence of artificial heart valves. The increased likelihood of incurring
      infections in diabetic or immunosuppressed patients was also expressed. In these
      patients, meticulous surgical technique was deemed mandatory.

PMID- 6421122
TI  - Spontaneous cervical cephalic arterial dissection and its residuum: angiographic
      spectrum.
AB  - Cervical cephalic dissections are uncommon acute disruptions of the arterial wall
      occurring predominantly in middle-aged women. Clinically, most patients present
      with unilateral headache, oculosympathetic palsy, or ischemic neurologic
      symptoms. Usually, a single internal carotid artery, predominantly the right, is
      affected, but simultaneous multivessel dissections are evident in about one-third
      of patients. Angiographically, the appearance of the dissection varies, depending
      on its severity, extent, and the interval between onset and angiography. In the
      patients reported, the disruption was manifested initially by eccentric tapered
      stenosis in 47%, tapered stenosis and a dissecting aneurysm in 28%, occlusion in
      18%, or a dissecting aneurysm alone in 7%. Subsequently, stenotic dissections
      resolved in 60%, improved in 20%, and progressed in 15%, while dissecting
      aneurysms diminished in half and resolved in one-fourth of patients. An
      angiographic residuum, temporally remote to its onset, was evident in 25% of
      dissections. Hence, carotid arterial dissections tend to resolve, sometimes
      progress, but seldom recur.

PMID- 6421123
TI  - CT of the normal pituitary stalk.
AB  - A prospective study assessed the size and frequency of visualization of the
      normal pituitary stalk on high-resolution computed tomography (CT). The normal
      pituitary stalk can be seen on the vast majority of high-resolution scans
      obtained with thin sections and intravenous contrast material. The upper size
      limit of the normal pituitary stalk is 4 mm at the level of the dorsum sellae and
      4.5 mm above the dorsum. Stalks larger than this should be viewed with suspicion.
      Comparison of the size of the pituitary stalk with that of the nearby basilar
      artery is possible on most CT scans, providing a convenient and reliable visual
      check of the size of the stalk.

PMID- 6421124
TI  - CT of the abnormal pituitary stalk.
AB  - Seven cases are presented in which enlargement of the pituitary stalk was
      demonstrated by computed tomography (CT). Histiocytosis X, sarcoidosis, and
      metastatic cancer were the proven or presumed causes. The discovery of pituitary
      stalk enlargement prompted radiation treatment in three patients and led to the
      diagnosis of previously unsuspected diabetes insipidus in one.

PMID- 6421125
TI  - Orbital angiographic changes after intracarotid BCNU chemotherapy.
AB  - Seven patients treated with intraarterial internal carotid 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)
      1-nitrosourea (BCNU) chemotherapy for malignant gliomas of the brain had
      postinjection angiographic demonstration of increased orbital vascularity and
      vasodilatation, sometimes associated with arteriovenous shunting. Subjective
      orbital discomfort reported by the patients during chemotherapy correlated with
      this orbital hyperemia. Some therapeutic suggestions for managing this
      undesirable effect of BCNU chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 6421126
TI  - Silicone implants for treatment of retinal detachment: computed tomographic
      appearance.
AB  - The use of silicone rubber implants for repair of retinal detachments has become
      a common mode of therapy in recent years. Medical-grade silicone rubber is
      nonallergenic, easily cut to an appropriate size with scissors, and does not
      support bacterial growth. Several patients with these implants were studied
      recently by computed tomography. The characteristic computed tomographic
      appearances of these implants are discussed.

PMID- 6421127
TI  - Cerebellar venous angioma: "benign" entity?
AB  - Four patients with bleeding venous angiomas in the cerebellar hemispheres are
      reported. All of the hemorrhages were subacute; three were recurrent. A
      literature review substantiated venous angioma as a recognized source of
      spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. Cerebellar venous angiomas may be more prone
      to bleed than venous angiomas in other locations. Their natural history seems to
      be similar to that of arteriovenous malformations. Though a minority bleed, the
      hemorrhagic event can be acute or subacute, recurrent, or catastrophic. Thus the
      clinical course is not always innocuous.

PMID- 6421128
TI  - Animal model for studying the chronic effects of herniated disks and spinal
      surgery.
AB  - A successful model to study both herniated intervertebral disks and spinal
      operations such as laminectomy has not been described. Two procedures were
      developed in nonhuman primates: One produces an elevated nerve root simulating a
      herniated disk; the second is a laminectomy that simulates the operation in
      humans. Twenty-five surgical procedures were performed with no complications. A
      myelographic abnormality typical of a disk herniation results from the simulated
      disk herniation. The chronic effects of herniated disk and spinal surgery can be
      studied with this model.

PMID- 6421129
TI  - CT multiplanar reconstruction in 253 cases of lumbar spondylolysis.
AB  - Two hundred fifty-three patients with lumbar pars interarticularis defects were
      studied by multiplanar high-resolution computed tomographic scanning (CT/MPR).
      Two hundred thirty patients had one or more pars defects at L5, 21 at L4, and two
      at L3. Within this group of patients, 21% had more than 5 mm of disk bulge or
      herniation, 34% had foraminal encroachment, and 34% had indentation on the neural
      canal from soft-tissue or bony callus formation.

PMID- 6421130
TI  - Arachnoiditis from myelography and laminectomy in experimental animals.
AB  - Clinical reports have suggested that myelography and laminectomy may produce more
      arachnoiditis than myelography alone. The effect of experimental lumbar
      myelography and laminectomy on arachnoiditis in monkeys was studied.
      Arachnoiditis was as severe after myelography alone as after myelography and
      laminectomy. Minimal arachnoiditis was found myelographically and histologically
      after myelography with metrizamide 300 mg l/ml, and severe arachnoiditis was
      found after myelography with iophendylate whether or not laminectomy was
      performed. Laminectomy alone produced insignificant arachnoid changes.
      Experimental myelography preceding laminectomy did not increase the risk of
      arachnoiditis.

PMID- 6421131
TI  - Home glucose monitoring.
AB  - Home monitoring of blood glucose is an important new tool in the management of
      patients with diabetes mellitus. Current monitoring techniques are safe, reliable
      and reproducible, and they enable diabetics to participate in their own care.
      There are no contraindications to home glucose monitoring, but some consideration
      must be given to cost and maintenance. The physician can evaluate the
      effectiveness of home monitoring by determining the glycosylated hemoglobin
      level.

PMID- 6421132
TI  - Determination of RDA levels.

PMID- 6421133
TI  - Molecular basis for the antigenicity of lidocaine analogs: tocainide and
      mexiletine.

PMID- 6421134
TI  - Congenital diverticula of the left and right ventricles: 3 cases.

PMID- 6421135
TI  - Bacterial associated porcine heterograft heart valve calcification.

PMID- 6421136
TI  - Infected cardiac myxoma.

PMID- 6421137
TI  - Diuretic therapy for mild hypertension: the "real" cost of treatment.
AB  - The benefit of any medical intervention, particularly drug therapy, must be
      weighed against its cost. These costs are not only dollar expenditures but
      effects on lifestyle and overall health. Diuretic therapy for hypertension has
      been in use long enough to allow long-term clinical evaluation. It is clear from
      the numerous prospective drug intervention trials involving hypertensive patients
      that diuretic therapy is not free of "costs." Aside from the fact that 15 to 20%
      of diuretic-treated patients reportedly drop out of trials because of side
      effects, including exertional dyspnea, fatigability, lethargy and impotence,
      numerous metabolic derangements have been reported with these drugs, i.e.,
      potassium, uric acid, lipid, sodium, glucose and magnesium alterations. Perhaps
      most important are the changes in lipid fractions, which may be responsible for
      the failure of antihypertensive therapy to decrease the risk of coronary heart
      disease. Thus, although diuretics are somewhat less expensive than other
      antihypertensive drugs in terms of dollars, their overall costs are high. The
      major alternatives, such as the alpha-blocker prazosin or the central nervous
      system agent clonidine, are preferable, do not impair a patient's lifestyle and
      are recommended to be used along with changes in diet and an exercise program for
      control of mild to moderate hypertension.

PMID- 6421138
TI  - A randomized, angiographically controlled trial of intracoronary streptokinase in
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction evaluated within 4 hours of
      the onset of symptoms were entered into an angiographically controlled trial of
      intracoronary streptokinase (IC STK). Forty-three patients with total occlusion
      of their infarct artery were randomized to either IC STK or intracoronary
      nitroglycerin (IC NTG), and 12 patients with less-than-complete occlusion
      received only IC NTG. Reperfusion of a totally occluded vessel was achieved in
      69% of STK patients and 17% of IC NTG patients. Time from onset of symptoms to
      peak CK activity was significantly shorter in reperfused patients and patients
      with subtotal occlusion on initial angiography than in patients with total
      occlusion who were not reperfused (p less than 0.0001). Comparison of
      radionuclide ejection fractions (EF) determined acutely and 10 to 14 days after
      infarction failed to show improvement in either the STK or IC NTG group (mean
      decrease of 2.8% and 0.4%, respectively). In contrast, patients with subtotal
      occlusion on baseline angiography demonstrated a significant (p = 0.05)
      spontaneous improvement in EF over 2 weeks (7.3% increase).

PMID- 6421139
TI  - Management of recurrent ventricular tachycardia: economic impact of therapeutic
      alternatives.
AB  - The clinical and economic results of antiarrhythmic therapy selected on the basis
      of electrophysiologic (EP) studies in patients with recurrent ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) were examined and compared with previously administered empiric
      therapy. Twenty-nine patients with recurrent VT and organic heart disease, aged
      39 to 78 years (mean 59 +/- 11) were evaluated. All patients had empiric therapy
      before EP studies and EP-based therapy after EP evaluation. Hospital records were
      analyzed from arrhythmia diagnosis 1 to 39 months (mean 7.5 +/- 10.4) before EP
      evaluation until completion of follow-up 1 to 20 months (mean 13.3 +/- 7.4) after
      EP studies. Clinical efficacy was assessed by comparing actual arrhythmic deaths
      or recurrences during EP-based therapy with predicted values on empiric therapy.
      Charges based on diagnosis-related groupings for empiric and EP-based therapy
      were compared. Charges for EP evaluation were included in the calculation for EP
      based therapy. During empiric therapy, 1 to 7 unsuccessful drug trials (mean 3.7
      +/- 1.6) were performed, with arrhythmia recurrences noted in all patients during
      a mean 7.5-month VT duration. Twenty-seven of 29 patients required 1 to 70
      electrical terminations. There were 64 hospitalizations (mean 2.1 +/- 1.7) with a
      total length of hospital stay of 913 days (mean 31.0 +/- 19.9). EP evaluation
      required 90 EP procedures (mean 3.0 +/- 1.5) with a length of stay of 690 days
      (mean 23.8 +/- 12.0). During a follow-up period of 1 to 26.5 months (13.3 +/-
      7.4) on EP-based therapy, 1 patient died suddenly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6421140
TI  - A double-blind, crossover comparison of flecainide acetate and disopyramide
      phosphate in the treatment of ventricular premature complexes.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of flecainide, 200 mg twice daily, was compared with
      disopyramide, 150 mg 4 times daily, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover
      study in 25 patients (19 men and 6 women, aged 20 to 71 years, mean 52.5) with
      more than 1,000 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) in a pretrial 24-hour
      Holter monitoring screen. Each 14-day active treatment period was preceded and
      followed by a 7-day placebo period. Ambulatory ECGs were recorded at the end of
      each study week and analyzed blindly. Average VPCs recorded during each of the 2
      active periods were compared with average VPCs in the placebo periods. Twenty-two
      of 25 patients attained therapeutic plasma levels of both drugs. The occurrence
      of VPCs was significantly less during flecainide than during disopyramide
      treatment, 92 and 39%, respectively (p less than 0.01). Complex arrhythmic events
      were significantly more suppressed with flecainide than with disopyramide. No
      difference was observed between the 2 drugs in the incidence or severity of
      reported side effects. PQ, QRS and QT intervals increased beyond normal limits on
      both drugs in some patients, significantly more with flecainide than with
      disopyramide. The JT interval did not change or decrease; hence, all changes in
      the QT interval were attributable to a widening of the QRS complex. Neither drug
      showed any significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate. Flecainide may be
      a well-tolerated and valuable alternative to currently available antiarrhythmic
      agents.

PMID- 6421141
TI  - Biochemical changes in saliva of malnourished children.
AB  - The protein concentration and activity of arginase enzymes in serum and saliva
      was estimated in a total of 94 children out of which 52 were suffering from
      protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and 42 served as controls. The salivary
      ferritin was also estimated in 41 children (control eight and PEM 33). There was
      a progressive fall in serum and salivary arginase activity and levels of salivary
      protein and ferritin with severity of PEM. The salivary ferritin showed very
      significant fall even in PEM grade I. In PEM grade III the mean ferritin value
      was 3.28 +/- 0.75 micrograms/L as compared to 169.3 +/- 21.9 micrograms/L for
      normal children. The changes in salivary protein, arginase activity, and ferritin
      in PEM may be used in recognizing severity as well as early stage of the disease.

PMID- 6421142
TI  - Weight gain and nutritional efficacy in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of interval weight change in assessing nutritional
      support efficacy, we studied four anorexia nervosa patients (52% ideal body
      weight) requiring long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 63 +/- 18 days.
      Fluid and electrolyte deficits were corrected before the initiation of
      nutritional support. Resting energy expenditure was measured before the
      initiation of TPN and weekly thereafter, using indirect calorimetry. Daily
      caloric expenditure was estimated at 1.1 X resting energy expenditure, based on
      previous studies of continuous heart rate monitoring in this patient population.
      Daily excess calories were calculated as caloric intake minus caloric
      expenditure. Each patient was weighed daily and linear regression analysis
      (excess calories versus weight change) was performed for individual patients and
      the group over intervals of varying length. There was no individual or group
      correlation between excess calories and weight gain on a daily or weekly interval
      basis. Cumulative weight changes over the long-term course of TPN correlated
      significantly with cumulative excess calories for each patient and the whole
      group (r = +0.82, p less than 0.01). The excess calories required to gain a
      kilogram body weight ranged from 5569 to 15619 kcal/kg with a mean of 9768.
      Cumulative long-term weight changes during nutritional repletion in anorexia
      nervosa are meaningful indicators of caloric balance, but short interval weight
      changes (daily, weekly) are not. The caloric cost of weight gain is variable in
      this population.

PMID- 6421144
TI  - Folate turnover in alcoholism.

PMID- 6421143
TI  - Nutrient bioavailability from nasojejunally administered enteral formulas:
      comparison to solid food.
AB  - The net absorption and retention of energy, fat, nitrogen, and six elements
      (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride) from two
      intrajejunally infused enteral formulas were compared to solid food.
      Undernourished patients (group 1) underwent two consecutive 7-day balance studies
      on a predigested protein-low fat (elemental) formula and an intact protein
      standard fat (polymeric) formula, the initial diet selected randomly. Periods
      were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, but differed in the amounts of remaining
      elements. The undernourished patients in group 2 ate a solid food standard
      hospital diet for the 7-day balance study in an amount equal in energy and
      protein to group 1. There were no major differences in the nutrient absorption
      between the three diets. Nitrogen balance was similar for the two formulas (mean
      +/- SD) (elemental 6.1 +/- 3.5 g/day; polymeric 4.8 +/- 3.2 g/day) and solid food
      (5.2 +/- 3.5 g/day), and the balance for the six remaining elements was
      approximately proportional to the amount supplied. Subjective tolerance of both
      formulas was good, with a tendency for superior tolerance of the polymeric
      formula. We conclude that for the nutrients investigated, 1) intrajejunally
      administered enteral formulas are capable of renourishing hospitalized patients
      with an efficacy similar to that of solid food, and 2) predigestion of the
      formula does not improve absorption.

PMID- 6421145
TI  - Treatment of advanced breast cancer with two doxorubicin-containing regimens.
AB  - The Georgetown University Hospital experience in the treatment of advanced breast
      cancer using either a combination of doxorubicin (adriamycin) and vincristine
      (AV) or adriamycin and mitomycin-C (AM) is presented. Of 74 previously treated
      patients with advanced breast cancer, 50 patients were given AV and 24 patients
      were given AM. Both groups were comparable in regard to number of disease sites,
      age, prior radiation therapy, disease-free interval after mastectomy, duration of
      treatment, and estrogen-receptor status. The response rates were 32% and 25% with
      AV and AM combinations, respectively. Achievement of response was not related to
      menopausal or estrogen-receptor status. Median time to disease progression was
      7.0 and 9.6 months for AV and AM, respectively. Median survivals were not
      statistically different (9.7 months for AV and 11.1 months for AM). Life-table
      analysis for responders versus nonresponders within each regimen and between
      responders in either regimen revealed no statistical differences. Duration of
      response for each regimen was also equivalent. Toxicity was mild and similar to
      previous reports using these drugs. However, myelosuppression was significantly
      greater for premenopausal than postmenopausal patients in the AV group. The
      possible reasons for this are discussed. Both AM and AV are well-tolerated
      regimens which provide equivalent but limited response rates, duration of
      response, and median survival in previously treated women with advanced breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6421146
TI  - The effect of anticoagulant on the cell size of hairy cells and other malignant
      hematologic cells. A study with the Hemalog D.
AB  - The size of blood cells can be influenced by anticoagulants, especially the EDTA
      derivatives. The Hemalog D differential counter was used in the diagnosis and
      follow-up of hairy cell leukemia. The percentage of large unstained cells (LUC)
      closely correlated with the percentage of hairy cells. However, there was a
      highly reproducible rapid decrease in LUC during the period of time after
      collection of the blood, when potassium EDTA was used as an anticoagulant. This
      "loss" in LUC could not be attributed to a selective disappearance of hairy
      cells, but to a shift into the lymphocyte box. The steep decline did not occur
      when sodium EDTA was used. The phenomenon seems to be specific for hairy cells,
      as it was not observed, or was considerably less obvious in other lymphocytic and
      non-lymphocytic leukemic malignancies.

PMID- 6421147
TI  - Quality control of electrolyte analyzers. Evaluation of the anion gap average.
AB  - The authors have shown previously that averaging at least eight patient anion
      gaps provides a sensitive technic for the detection of systematic error in
      electrolyte analysis (Am J Clin Pathol 79:688-696, 1983). They conducted a
      retrospective and prospective evaluation of this technic on the ASTRA 4. One
      month of patient and control data were studied retrospectively and showed that
      17/71 abnormally low patient anion gap averages were associated with violations
      in a multi-rule procedure, and 41/71 low averages were associated with violations
      in cusum, a more sensitive procedure. In the prospective study, a total of 36
      runs of eight patient specimens with low anion gap averages (less than 7.5
      mmol/L) were reanalyzed after appropriate recalibration and/or maintenance.
      Thirty-one of the 36 groups had significant changes in either Na (nine groups,
      delta Na = +1.5 mmol/L), Cl (14 groups; delta Cl = -1.8 mmol/L), or in both Na
      and Cl (eight groups; delta Na = +1.2 mmol/L; delta Cl = -0.9 mmol/L). Because
      the average error detected was small, the authors recommend that the average of
      anion gaps be used as an early indicator of drift. It must be used, however, in
      conjunction with standard quality control procedures such as the multi-rule
      approach.

PMID- 6421148
TI  - Sterile Corvac silicone gel tubes: efficacy and storage capabilities.
AB  - The storage capability of the sterile Corvac silicone gel tube as a specimen
      collection device is evaluated. Sera collected and stored in sterile Corvac
      silicone gel tubes were compared with control specimens collected in regular
      Monoject tubes and transferred to new Monoject tubes for storage. Sera for the
      efficacy tests were transferred from both the gel tube and the control tube
      without concern for storage. Sixty-seven analytes were compared, 20 of which were
      included in the storage portion. Only glucose, potassium, carbon dioxide,
      phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were
      statistically different in the storage experiment and amylase, T-3 uptake,
      folates, HDL, and again LDH by another method, were statistically different in
      the efficacy experiment. These evaluations determine the validity of storing
      specimens in this manner for reanalysis or additional analyses.

PMID- 6421149
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy.

PMID- 6421150
TI  - Evidence that less replacement therapy is required for dental extractions in
      hemophiliacs.
AB  - The requirements for factor VIII (AHF) or factor IX (PTC) of hemophilic patients
      undergoing dental extractions were evaluated to determine the minimum effective
      regimen. Sixteen patients underwent 19 operative procedures. The mean total dose
      of factor VIII or IX was 45.8 U/kg for 11 procedures with preoperative
      replacement therapy and 34.5 U/kg for the 8 without. Four patients received no
      replacement therapy at all. Our results compared favorably to published studies
      employing factor replacement alone or in combination with antifibrinolytic agents
      such as epsilon-amino-caproic acid (EACA), with respect to blood products
      utilized and duration of hospitalization. However, our patients received less
      factor replacement than usually suggested. General anesthesia with intubation, a
      common recommendation, was not required in any patients. Dental extractions can
      be carried out in hemophiliacs using less replacement therapy than currently
      recommended. In some circumstances, no replacement therapy may be necessary. The
      reported efficacy of antifibrinolytic agents in reducing the requirement for
      replacement therapy is difficult to assess because of the relatively large amount
      of prophylactic factor replacement used in conjunction with these agents.

PMID- 6421151
TI  - Studies on hemophilia A in Sardinia bearing on the problems of multiple allelism,
      carrier detection, and differential mutation rate in the two sexes.
AB  - A large survey of hemophilia A carried out with almost complete ascertainment on
      the island of Sardinia suggests that the variation of plasma levels of Factor
      VIII coagulant activity in normal individuals is largely controlled by a series
      of normal isoalleles or by closely linked modifiers. This variation is expected
      to affect the laboratory detection of the hemophilia A (HA) heterozygotes in
      addition to the X-inactivation-dependent mosaicism and the type of deficient
      mutant present in a given pedigree. The Sardinian pedigrees yielded 13 new cases
      of nonrecombinants between the loci for HA and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PD), as well as four nonrecombinants between HA and Deutan color blindness.
      These findings bring to a total of 58 the number of scorable sibs and
      nonrecombinants thus far known for the linkage HA-G6PD. From such a figure it has
      been possible to infer that the 90% upper limit of meiotic recombination between
      the two loci is below 4%, thus justifying the application of the "linkage
      diagnostic test" for the detection of HA heterozygotes and the prenatal diagnosis
      of the hemophilic fetuses in families that segregate at both loci. In three out
      of the five HA pedigrees of our series that segregate also for G6PD or Deutan
      color blindness, the observed segregation of the combined phenotypes can be best
      explained by assuming the occurrence of a fresh mutation in the maternal
      grandfathers. Such a finding points out the opportunity to reevaluate Haldane's
      hypothesis of a possible higher incidence of X-linked mutations in the human
      male. It is anticipated that each of the issues addressed by the present study
      will be amenable to experimental verification as soon as suitable molecular
      probes become available to screen for common multiallelic DNA polymorphisms in
      the subtelomeric region of the X-chromosome long arm.

PMID- 6421153
TI  - Preparing and justifying the budget for new or improved services.
AB  - The process of preparing and justifying the budget for a new or improved hospital
      pharmacy service is described. Factors that influence the justification process
      include the rationale for the new service, facts needed for the decision-making
      process, the political process within the hospital, timing, and salesmanship.
      Steps preliminary to preparing the proposal include identifying hospital and
      departmental goals, relating the proposed service to those goals, assessing the
      odds of new service approval, and establishing priority for development of the
      proposal. The components of a formal proposal are discussed, including the budget
      that describes the financial feasibility of the service. A sample proposal is
      presented. Prospective pricing does not necessarily eliminate the opportunity for
      development of new hospital pharmaceutical services. However, the need, cost,
      revenue, and benefits of such services must be thoroughly justified on a hospital
      specific basis.

PMID- 6421152
TI  - Biosynthesis and maturation of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase in normal and
      Sanfilippo B-fibroblasts.
AB  - The biosynthesis of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase in normal and Sanfilippo B
      fibroblasts was studied by labeling cells with [35S]methionine and isolation of
      the enzyme by immunoprecipitation. The immunoprecipitated polypeptides were
      separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography.
      alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase is synthesized as a precursor of an apparent mol.
      wt. of 87,000. Intracellular processing of the precursor yields two polypeptides
      of apparent mol. wts. of 73,000 and 76,000 via several intermediates. It is
      accomplished within 3 days after synthesis. Less than 30% of the newly
      synthesized precursor is secreted. In the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl, secretion is
      enhanced to more than 80%. In our study, no alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      polypeptides could be detected in fibroblasts from patients affected with either
      the severe or mild form of Sanfilippo disease, type B.

PMID- 6421154
TI  - Loss of nitroglycerin during microinfusion.

PMID- 6421155
TI  - Hospital-based home health care: gaining a competitive advantage where everyone
      benefits.

PMID- 6421156
TI  - Error in drug information text.

PMID- 6421157
TI  - Optimal therapy for enterococcal endocarditis.
AB  - Enterococcal endocarditis accounts for an increasing proportion of cases of
      endocarditis in recent years. The combination of a penicillin and an
      aminoglycoside has become an accepted standard of treatment for this disease.
      However, the optimal choice of antibiotics, duration of therapy, and timing of
      surgical intervention remain controversial. This study reviews the presentation,
      clinical course, treatment, and outcome in 37 patients with 42 separate episodes
      of enterococcal endocarditis at four Yale University hospitals. Patients treated
      with aminoglycosides and penicillins or vancomycin had significantly better
      outcomes than those who did not receive aminoglycosides. However, the duration of
      aminoglycoside therapy (more than four versus less than four weeks) did not
      appear to affect outcome significantly. These results suggest that excellent cure
      rates may be achieved after treatment for less than four weeks with an
      aminoglycoside in combination with penicillin or vancomycin, thus potentially
      avoiding significant renal and vestibular toxicity.

PMID- 6421158
TI  - Antigenic phenotype of splenic hairy cells.
AB  - Hairy cell leukemia, a distinct clinical and morphologic lymphoproliferative
      disorder, is characterized by the proliferation of mononuclear cells of uncertain
      derivation. Attempts to identify the cell of origin have used studies either of
      functional capabilities or of membrane/cytoplasmic antigens. Only a few cases
      have been studied via monoclonal antibodies. Frozen sections of splenic tissue
      involved with hairy cell leukemia were studied with a variety of monoclonal
      antibodies having specificity for differentiation antigens using the avidin
      biotinylated peroxidase complex technique. Conventional direct and indirect
      immunohistochemical study was used for immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. In
      all but one case, the neoplastic cells expressed monoclonal immunoglobulin.
      Although T cells were identified in persisting periarteriolar sheaths and
      occasionally admixed with red blood cells in pseudosinuses, phenotypic expression
      of intrathymic or peripheral T cell antigens by the proliferating neoplastic
      cells was not observed. Conversely, expression of B1 and HLA-Dr antigens by
      splenic hairy cells was documented in all 10 cases. Hairy cell leukemia cells did
      not express either monocyte antigens (M1 and MO2) or the antigens expressed by
      early (J5) and intermediate (B2) B cells or plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma
      cells (T10). These immunohistochemical results with monoclonal antibodies provide
      further evidence that hairy cell leukemia is characterized by a combination of
      antigens peculiar to mature B lymphocytes.

PMID- 6421159
TI  - Protein-calorie malnutrition associated with alcoholic hepatitis. Veterans
      Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic Hepatitis.
AB  - Three hundred sixty-three alcoholic patients with alcoholic hepatitis were
      studied in six Veterans Administration medical centers. By history, alcohol
      consumption was 227.9 g per day, with a mean duration of 23.8 years. Cirrhosis
      accompanied the alcoholic hepatitis in 58.7 percent of the patients who underwent
      biopsy or autopsy. Complete nutritional assessment was performed in 284 patients,
      and observed nutritional changes were classified into those associated with
      marasmus or those characterizing kwashiorkor. A smaller comparison group of 21
      alcoholic patients matched for age and alcohol consumption but without clinically
      evident liver disease was also studied in an identical manner. None of the
      patients with liver disease was completely free from malnutrition, whereas 62
      percent of the alcoholic patients without liver disease showed abnormalities. In
      patients with alcoholic hepatitis, some findings associated with marasmus were
      seen in 86 percent, and some features of kwashiorkor were observed in 100
      percent. When present together, the complete picture of kwashiorkor and marasmus
      correlated closely with the clinical severity of the liver disease (p less than
      0.005). The nearly constant association of either complete or partial kwashiorkor
      or marasmus suggests that the separation of these two entities is artificial in
      alcoholic patients with liver disease. Although, experimentally, malnutrition may
      not be essential for the development of alcoholic hepatitis, clinically, it
      appears to precede the development of the liver injury, which suggests an
      interaction. Recognition is important so that appropriate nutritional therapy can
      be provided.

PMID- 6421160
TI  - The implications of withdrawing nutritional devices.

PMID- 6421161
TI  - Detection of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood post partum with the
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
AB  - A study was made of the frequency and amount of fetal hemorrhage into maternal
      blood during labor and delivery as evidenced by the number of fetal cells present
      in the maternal circulation immediately after spontaneous vaginal delivery. A
      sensitive, indirect immunofluorescence was used with fluorescence-activated cell
      sorter analysis of erythrocytes. All of the 16 Rh-negative mothers studied after
      vaginal delivery of Rh-positive infants had circulating Rh-positive cells. The
      mean Rh-positive to Rh-negative erythrocyte ratio was 1:14, 100 in maternal
      blood, which corresponds to a mean fetal hemorrhage of 156 microliters. The test
      described is sufficiently sensitive to be used for the study of primary Rh
      isoimmunization and could be clinically applicable for antepartum screening to
      determine which patients require Rh immune globulin treatment before delivery.

PMID- 6421162
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser and electrosurgical wound study with an animal model: a
      comparison of tissue damage and healing patterns in peritoneal tissue.
AB  - This study was designed to compare the effect of wound healing after the use of
      the carbon dioxide laser and the electrosurgical unit on the peritoneal
      mesothelium of the New Zealand white rabbit. The biophysical parameters were held
      constant and identical in both groups. The effects were compared in terms of
      tissue damage, adhesion formation, and healing time. The animals were killed on
      days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. Gross anatomic and histologic findings were
      recorded. The laser, when compared to the electrosurgical unit in this study,
      produced no adhesion formation and less tissue injury, immediately and throughout
      the healing phase (p less than 0.0039).

PMID- 6421163
TI  - Neisseria meningitidis conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6421164
TI  - An experimental model of carotid artery occlusive disease.
AB  - To develop an animal model for acute carotid artery occlusion suitable for
      studying the retinal sequelae of this disease, we performed bilateral and
      unilateral common carotid artery ligations on mature pigmented rats. Bilateral
      ligation consistently resulted in a characteristic pathologic retinal appearance,
      paralleling the retinopathy of carotid artery occlusive disease in humans,
      demonstrated by fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Any abnormalities
      found in the rats with unilateral ligations were inconsistent and less severe,
      although fluorescein angiography proved to be more sensitive than ophthalmoscopy
      for detecting these subtle changes. Pepsin-trypsin retinal digests disclosed
      extensive disruption of the microvasculature in the eyes of bilaterally ligated
      animals. This model should prove to be useful in examining the reversibility of
      the ocular findings as well as evaluating central nervous system abnormalities
      after carotid artery occlusion.

PMID- 6421165
TI  - Roles and functions of occupational therapy in long-term care: occupational
      therapy and activity programs.
AB  - There is a difference between occupational therapy and activities programs. The
      nature of the services provided are different as well as the qualifications of
      the personnel who provide them.

PMID- 6421166
TI  - Phenotypic expression of B-lymphocytes. 1. Identification with monoclonal
      antibodies in normal lymphoid tissues.
AB  - Marker expression is highly variable among different stages of B-cell activation.
      In peripheral lymphoid tissues, architecturally and cytologically three or four
      types of B cells can be identified, thus allowing an investigation of cellular
      surface or cytoplasmic phenotypes. Mantle zone lymphocytes of follicles are
      phenotypically similar, if not identical, to peripheral blood B-lymphocytes and
      express the following markers: B1, B2, BA-1, HLA-DR, Leu 10, A1G3, Leu 8, and
      T200. The germinal center is composed of two main populations, centroblasts and
      centrocytes which express the following markers: B1, BA-2, J5, OKT9, HLA-DR, Leu
      10, and T200. This phenotype is similar to that of activated B cells or pre-B
      cells. Although membranous OKT10 is present in cortical thymocytes, the presence
      of cytoplasmic OKT10 appears to be a useful marker for plasma cells, terminally
      differentiated B cells, which also express A1G3 and T200. This study also
      revealed that a subpopulation of T cells in the germinal center express different
      markers (A1G3-/Leu 8-) as compared with that of most T cells in the T-dependent
      zone (A1G3+/Leu 8+).

PMID- 6421167
TI  - An ultrastructural comparison of carcinogen-associated and spontaneous aortic
      lesions in the cockerel.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies were performed on arteriosclerotic aortic lesions in
      cockerels given weekly injections (10 mg/kg, 4-36 weeks of age) of the carcinogen
      7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and on spontaneous lesions in age-matched
      controls. Lesions were observed in all animals. Regardless of treatment, lesions
      of similar size were indistinguishable. They were composed primarily of modified
      smooth muscle cells, (SMC) which were oriented more randomly than medial SMCs.
      The interstitia were composed mainly of collagen. Lesion cells displayed
      invaginated nuclei and dense bodies characteristic of normal SMCs but were
      modified in shape and displayed fewer myofilaments and more rough endoplasmic
      reticulum than did normal SMCs. Larger lesions, found only in DMBA-treated
      animals, contained relatively few cells and more collagen. These cells, which
      contained dense bodies but not myofilaments, were flatter and more uniformly
      oriented than cells in smaller lesions. Thus, there is a size continuum of
      arteriosclerotic lesions in the cockerel. Chronic DMBA treatment accelerates size
      increases of spontaneous lesions rather than inducing the formation of new
      lesions. In this system, DMBA appears to "promote" rather than "initiate" the
      lesions.

PMID- 6421168
TI  - Amyloid deposits in bioprosthetic cardiac valves after long-term implantation in
      man. A new localization of amyloidosis.
AB  - Congo red staining with microscopic examination under polarized light was
      performed in 30 porcine bioprosthetic cardiac valves and one autologous fascia
      lata valve explanted from 31 patients in order to detect the presence of amyloid.
      Microdeposits of amyloid were present in the sewing ring of the fascia lata valve
      and in 10 porcine bioprostheses, and this finding was confirmed by transmission
      electron microscopy in 3 porcine bioprostheses. All amyloid-laden porcine valves
      had been implanted for at least 33 months before removal, and all except two
      showed dysfunction and/or severe degeneration of cuspal tissue. Statistical
      analyses failed to establish any correlation between the presence of amyloid and
      patient-related factors. In a majority of porcine bioprostheses amyloid was
      permanganate-sensitive and tryptophan-positive. The pathogenesis of this new form
      of heart valve amyloidosis might consist in penetration of human macrophages in
      deteriorated bioprosthetic cusps and their interaction with blood-borne amyloid
      precursors.

PMID- 6421169
TI  - Dental formulae and dental eruption patterns in Parapithecidae (Primates,
      Anthropoidea).
AB  - The eruption sequence for the lower teeth of Apidium phiomense based on 18
      juvenile specimens is dP3, dP4, M1, M2, P2, P4, (P3, M3), C. Only five specimens
      of Parapithecus grangeri show developing lower teeth. P2, M1, and M2 all erupted
      before P3 and P4; C and M3 were the last cheek teeth to erupt. Late eruption of
      the lower canines in parapithecids is a possible shared derived resemblance
      linking these species with Anthropoidea and Adapidae and distinguishing both from
      Omomyidae, Tarsiidae, and tooth-combed lemurs. Late eruption of M3 in
      parapithecids is a shared derived resemblance with Anthropoidea alone. The lower
      dental formula of Apidium phiomense is confirmed as 2 X 1 X 3 X 3 by additional
      specimens which show the incisors. Based in part on tooth socket counts, the
      deciduous lower dental formula was 2 X 1 X 3. New specimens of Parapithecus
      grangeri now demonstrate an adult mandibular dental formula of 0 X 1 X 3 X 3 (not
      2 X 1 X 3 X 3 as previously thought) and a juvenile formula of 1 X 1 X 3. The
      number of incisors possessed by Parapithecus fraasi is again open to debate.
      Material is insufficient to judge whether this species had a pair of incisors in
      each lower jaw quadrant, by analogy with Apidium, or had undergone reduction to
      just one incisor. In any event, the presence of two incisors in another
      parapithecid Apidium shows anterior tooth reduction of Parapithecus grangeri
      occurred independent of, and should not be considered a shared derived similarity
      with, Tarsiidae, as was once thought.

PMID- 6421170
TI  - EGTA purity and the buffering of calcium ions in physiological solutions.
AB  - Results are presented for the purity of three commercial brands of the Ca
      chelator EGTA [ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid] as
      determined with pH-metric and oxalate precipitation methods and other techniques.
      The effect that the observed degree of hydration (2-4%) has on calculated values
      for [Ca2+] in Ca-EGTA solutions is described with reference to a theoretical dose
      response relationship. In addition to the corrections for purity, the adjustments
      necessary to allow for ionic strength and the correction of pH readings to yield
      true [H+] activity or concentration values are described. These several
      corrections result in both a shift and a shape change for the dose-response curve
      compared with the curve calculated without these corrective procedures. Some
      authors have already taken some of these aspects into account, but this has not
      generally been made clear in the literature heretofore. The points raised may
      help to account for the wide variation of reported [Ca2+] ranges for Ca-sensitive
      cellular processes.

PMID- 6421171
TI  - Metabolic effects of oral glucose in the liver of fasted rats.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour-fasted rats were given glucose (4 g/kg) by gavage. Glucose
      absorption and portal and peripheral plasma glucose, lactate, and insulin
      concentrations, as well as liver glucose, UDPglucose, glucose-6-P, lactate, ATP,
      and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and % glycogen synthase I and % phosphorylase a
      were measured at 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 120 min after the glucose was given.
      Liver and muscle glycogen also were measured. Ninety-one percent of the glucose
      load had disappeared from the gut in 2 h. Despite increased plasma glucose and
      insulin levels the liver continued to produce glucose. Lactate produced in the
      periphery was the major substrate for gluconeogenesis, and lactate utilization
      could account for the hepatic glycogen synthesized. Glucose ingestion did not
      affect lactate production by the splanchnic bed. In the liver glucose-6-P was
      transiently increased; UDP glucose decreased after glucose administration. ATP
      and Pi were unchanged. Glycogen synthase was activated by 20 min without a
      significant change in phosphorylase a. Hepatic glycogen increased linearly after
      20 min. Total glucose storage as glycogen was similar in liver (20%) and muscle
      (19%). We could account for 41% of the glucose absorbed as glycogen,
      unmetabolized glucose, or glucose metabolites. Most of the remainder probably was
      oxidized.

PMID- 6421172
TI  - Identification of actin-binding protein and villin in toad bladder epithelia.
AB  - Two actin-modulating proteins, actin-binding protein and villin, have been
      identified and functionally characterized in toad bladder epithelial cells. A 270
      kdalton protein from bladder epithelial extracts 1) cross-reacts with antibodies
      to purified toad oocyte or rabbit macrophage actin-binding protein and comigrates
      with these proteins on gel electrophoresis, 2) contains all of the actin filament
      cross-linking activity found in epithelial cell extracts, and 3) its activity is
      calcium insensitive. A 95-kdalton protein from the same extracts 1) cross-reacts
      with antibodies to purified toad oocyte villin and comigrates with purified
      villin from the oocyte and chicken intestine on polyacrylamide gels, and 2) is
      capable of decreasing the viscosity of actin solutions only in the presence of
      calcium. These proteins offer potential sites for calcium-dependent and 
      independent regulation of toad bladder epithelial cell structure.

PMID- 6421173
TI  - Effects of acute alterations in PCO2 on proximal HCO-3, Cl-, and H2O
      reabsorption.
AB  - The effect of acute changes in arterial PCO2 on absolute proximal reabsorption of
      bicarbonate, chloride, and water has not been systematically studied. In the
      present free-flow micropuncture studies in Munich-Wistar rats, arterial PCO2 was
      increased or decreased by 20 mmHg. Under conditions of stable SNGFR, proximal and
      whole kidney electrolyte reabsorption was measured. Acute hypocapnia decreased
      absolute proximal bicarbonate reabsorption by 23% (from 1,008 +/- 38 to 773 +/-
      36 pmol/min). Proximal volume reabsorption also decreased. Although bicarbonate
      delivery out of the superficial proximal convoluted tubule did not exceed normal
      levels, bicarbonaturia developed, suggesting an additional suppression of
      acidification by distal and/or juxtamedullary nephron segments. Acute hypercapnia
      increased absolute proximal bicarbonate reabsorption by only 10% in chronically
      alkalotic animals (from 1,050 +/- 68 to 1,176 +/- 77 pmol/min). In acutely
      alkalotic animals, hypercapnia caused no significant increment in the higher
      basal level of absolute proximal bicarbonate reabsorption (from 1,158 +/- 120 to
      1,234 +/- 97 pmol/min). Whole kidney bicarbonate reabsorption rose, again
      suggesting a distal and/or juxtamedullary effect. Hypercapnia inhibited proximal
      chloride reabsorption and caused a chloruresis. In conclusion, acute hypo- and
      hypercapnia caused alterations in proximal bicarbonate, chloride, and sodium
      transport that may participate, at least in part, in the changes in whole kidney
      electrolyte reabsorption observed in these conditions. Distal and/or
      juxtamedullary nephrons also appeared to contribute to the changes in renal
      acidification induced by alterations in systemic PCO2.

PMID- 6421174
TI  - Adrenalectomy and food restriction in the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse.
AB  - After adrenalectomy in obese mice the rate of weight gain parallels that in lean
      controls and falls progressively behind that in intact ob/ob mice. Food intake
      was reduced to normal, but the body temperature of adrenalectomized ob/ob mice
      was similar to that of intact ob/ob mice and remained below that of control lean
      mice. After exposure to an ambient temperature of 6 degrees C the body
      temperature in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice fell at the same rate as in intact
      ob/ob mice. The increase in tail length, brain weight, spleen weight, and muscle
      weight after adrenalectomy in ob/ob mice could not be duplicated by reducing the
      weight gain of ob/ob mice to that of the adrenalectomized mice. Similarly the
      induction of obesity with gold thioglucose significantly increased the weight of
      the gastrocnemius muscle and spleen rather than lowering it to levels found in
      ob/ob mice. Treatment of adrenalectomized ob/ob mice with cortisone acetate, but
      not with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), reduced muscle weight, spleen
      weight, brain weight, and the growth in tail length. Both cortisone and DOCA
      increased food intake, liver weight, growth rate, and the weight of the adipose
      tissue in ob/ob mice. These effects are significantly greater than observed in
      comparably treated lean animals and suggest that glucocorticoids of adrenal
      origin play an integral role in the phenotypic expression of genetic obesity.
      These data also indicate that the hypothermia is not a sufficient cause of the
      obesity in the ob/ob mice, since hypothermia persists in the adrenalectomized
      mice, but when food intake falls to normal there is no progression of the
      obesity.

PMID- 6421175
TI  - CO2 balance of a heterothermic rodent: comparison of sleep, torpor, and awake
      states.
AB  - CO2 homeostasis of different thermal states have been compared in a heterothermic
      ground squirrel, Spermophilus tereticaudus. Gas exchange (MO2, MCO2), lung
      ventilation (VE), and body temperature (Tb) were simultaneously measured during
      sleep, shallow torpor (Tb 25-29 degrees C), deep torpor (Tb 11-15 degrees C),
      awake heterothermia (Tb 30-42.5 degrees C), and transitions between these states.
      CO2 retention (falling MCO2/MO2 and VE/MCO2) accompanied entrance into sleep and
      torpor. CO2 retention lowered MO2 in sleeping and torpid squirrels beyond that
      caused by reduced Tb. In torpor at steady state, MCO2/MO2 (R) and ventilation
      returned to control values, and no further CO2 retention occurred. Arousal from
      sleep or torpor was accompanied by transiently high VE/MCO2 and R values as CO2
      was released from the body fluids. R and VE/MCO2 values during heterothermia in
      awake squirrels (Tb 32-42.5 degrees C) showed that total body CO2 content
      remained unchanged until Tb reached 40 degrees C with onset of hyperventilation.
      Altered CO2 content of the body fluids is thus not a general feature of mammalian
      heterothermy. The difference in CO2 homeostasis of torpid and heterothermic awake
      animals may have implications for the difference in metabolic intensity of these
      states.

PMID- 6421176
TI  - Adrenalectomy reverses insulin resistance in muscle from obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Glucose transport and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of the
      genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse has been studied in animals at 6-7 wk of age
      using an in situ perfused hindquarter preparation. Rates of glucose uptake and
      the uptake of radioactively labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose were lower in muscles from
      intact ob/ob mice than in those from their lean littermates. Following
      adrenalectomy the basal rate of glucose or 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in the ob/ob
      mice was restored to normal. The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose was tested at two
      insulin concentrations. In lean mice, adrenalectomy had no effect on 2
      deoxyglucose uptake. Adrenalectomy, however, restored the responsiveness to
      insulin in the ob/ob mouse to normal. The activity ratio of muscle glycogen
      synthase was elevated by insulin but the effect was greater in the lean animals
      with or without adrenal glands than in the obese mouse. Adrenalectomy in the
      obese mouse did not correct this defect.

PMID- 6421177
TI  - Changes in cytosolic ionized calcium induced by activators of secretion in GH3
      cells.
AB  - Cytosolic ionized calcium (Cai) was measured in GH3 cells with aequorin
      incorporated by hypoosmotic shock treatment. Cai rose from 0.4 to 1.3 microM
      after the administration of 10(-7) M thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and from
      0.3 to 1.1 microM after depolarization caused by high-K concentration (60 mM).
      Repeated TRH stimulations decreased the magnitude of the Cai response. This
      magnitude was directly related to the interval between stimuli. Incubations in
      low-calcium media (0.13 mM Ca) for 0.5 h did not alter the Cai response to TRH,
      but incubations in Ca-free media reduced the response. These results suggest that
      TRH mobilized calcium from an endogenous pool of Ca that can be depleted and
      replenished. The rise in Cai induced by K depolarization was slower than that
      evoked by TRH (time constant, t = 9 s for TRH and t = 111 s for K
      depolarization). Even when Cai was elevated by K depolarization, it could still
      be further increased by TRH, suggesting that these two stimuli mobilize calcium
      from two different pools and by different mechanisms.

PMID- 6421178
TI  - Body potassium by four-pi 40K counting: an anthropometric correction.
AB  - Four-pi whole body counting for the 1.46 meV photon of 40K has apparent
      advantages over single-crystal or two-pi counters in efficiency and in subject
      geometry independence. However, our studies of obese populations have disclosed a
      systematic undermeasurement of 40K, suggesting that nonhomogeneous K distribution
      results in systematic undercounting of 40K. In the current study 42K, emitting a
      1.52 meV photon, was used in 109 volunteers ranging from 50 to 181 kg, and
      multiregression covariance analysis was applied to develop correction formulas
      based on anthropometrics. These corrections quantitatively account for the
      unappreciated loss of 40K and 42K photons in annular adipose tissue that
      surrounds the lean body, in which most K+ is concentrated. The correction ranges
      from 1 to 28% and is a linear (although different) function of weight in both
      sexes. Thus corrected, body potassium measurements, taken in conjunction with
      exchangeable sodium and water measurements, provide estimates for whole body
      osmolality that match measured serum values. Such a quantitative accounting for
      previously "lost" cation in 58 subjects provides independent evidence for the
      appropriateness and accuracy of the correction. With this correction, body
      potassium was recalculated in the 1,492 adult members of a previously reported
      group of 3,083 subjects.

PMID- 6421179
TI  - Effect of bilateral vagotomy on the ventilatory responses of the water snake
      Nerodia sipedon.
AB  - The effects of bilateral vagotomy on pulmonary ventilation, O2 consumption, and
      heart rate were determined for the water snake, Nerodia sipedon, breathing room
      air at 15, 25, and 30 degrees C and breathing 5.2% CO2 in air at 25 degrees C. At
      all body temperatures, vagotomy resulted in a four- to sevenfold increase in
      tidal volume in snakes breathing room air. At the same time, ventilatory
      frequency decreased such that pulmonary ventilation was unchanged after vagotomy.
      Heart rate increased approximately 1.5 times after vagotomy, but O2 uptake was
      unchanged. The air convection requirement decreased similarly with increasing
      body temperature in both intact and vagotomized snakes. Arterial pH values were
      similar to those of intact snakes measured in a previous study and decreased by 
      0.013 U/degrees C. Since this occurs despite elimination of peripheral
      chemoreceptor input, it is suggested that the temperature compensation is a
      centrally controlled process. In intact snakes, breathing CO2 resulted in a
      fourfold increase in ventilation. Elimination of peripheral receptor input by
      vagotomy resulted in a loss of this ventilatory response to CO2 breathing. This
      means that peripheral receptors are required for a response to changes in
      arterial CO2 partial pressure and pH. Snakes thus differ from turtles and mammals
      in that central chemoreceptors alone are unable to produce the ventilatory
      response to inspired CO2.

PMID- 6421180
TI  - Exaggerated wave reflection in the kangaroo simulates arterial counterpulsation.
AB  - The ascending aortic pressure wave in kangaroos is quite different from that seen
      in other experimental animals and in humans, despite an ascending aortic flow
      wave that is virtually identical. The diastolic pressure surge in the ascending
      aortic pressure wave of kangaroos is very prominent--so much so that peak
      diastolic pressure is often greater than peak systolic pressure, with the
      pressure wave resembling that recorded in humans during intra-aortic balloon
      counterpulsation. Ascending aortic impedance patterns in kangaroos indicate the
      presence of a single functionally discrete reflecting site in the peripheral
      circulation, with high reflection coefficient. All findings--of pulse contour and
      impedance patterns--are explicable on the basis of arterial anatomy and body
      shape. Wave reflection from the distant, large, and vascular lower body appears
      to dominate the effects of wave reflection from the short, small, and less
      vascular head and forelimb system.

PMID- 6421181
TI  - Esophageal involvement in congenital Chagas' disease. Report of a case with
      megaesophagus.
AB  - A full-term infant developed dysphagia, vomiting, and regurgitation immediately
      after birth. On examination at 5 months of age, he was malnourished and had
      radiographically proven megaesophagus. On direct examination his blood was
      positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. Additionally an enzyme immunoassay for T. cruzi
      IgM antibodies was positive. He underwent corrective surgery for the
      megaesophagus but died post-operatively of aspiration pneumonia. At autopsy, the
      esophagus was markedly dilated. There was an extreme reduction of neurons in
      Auerbach's plexus, and inflammation of this plexus and the muscular layer of the
      esophagus. Nests of parasites were seen in the esophagus and bladder. It is
      suggested that this patient was not in the chronic phase of Chagas' disease but
      represents an acute digestive phase of this infection. This is the fourth case in
      the literature of congenital Chagas' disease with esophageal involvement and
      clinical signs, and the first in which megaesophagus was seen grossly at post
      mortem examination.

PMID- 6421182
TI  - Diagnosis of Chagas' disease in humans using a biotin-3H-avidin radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) originally designed to measure antibody responses to
      Trypanosoma cruzi in mice was adapted for use in the immunodiagnosis of Chagas'
      disease in humans. The assay utilizes biotinylated antibodies and 3H-avidin as
      the tracer molecules, and has proven to be both safe and sensitive. Results using
      the RIA and those from direct agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody
      tests were comparable in most cases. Using the RIA, we were able to discriminate
      between mice infected with T. cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli. Also, sera from
      Leishmania-infected individuals do not have detectable levels of antibodies
      capable of binding to T. cruzi. Intact, fixed epimastigotes of T. cruzi are used
      as the detecting antigen in the RIA and give results comparable to those obtained
      with intact trypomastigotes.

PMID- 6421183
TI  - Nonoperative replacement of a jejunostomy feeding catheter.
AB  - Nonoperative replacement of lost or occluded jejunal feeding catheters proved
      successful in 8 of 11 patients. This technique is recommended as a nonoperative
      means of replacing a needle catheter jejunostomy when it is accidentally lost or
      becomes occluded. Adherence to sterile technique and gentle advancement of the
      guide wire to avoid injury to the bowel are important. Since the technique
      depends on an established tract between the skin and the bowel, catheter
      replacement should not be attempted when the feeding catheter is lost or becomes
      occluded in the immediate postoperative period. In addition, confirmation of
      catheter patency and intraluminal position with sterile water-soluble contrast
      medium is critical to the safe use of this technique.

PMID- 6421184
TI  - Device for the secure fixation of the U tube.
AB  - A yoke constructed from a segment of chest tube provides secure U-tube fixation
      during the early postoperative period. The complications of U-tube dislodgement
      and bile leakage are thus avoided.

PMID- 6421185
TI  - [Relation between systemic arterial pressure and intracranial pressure].

PMID- 6421186
TI  - [Posture and cerebral perfusion pressure].

PMID- 6421187
TI  - [Evolution of cerebral perfusion pressure in intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 6421188
TI  - [Effect of PaO2, PaCO2 and pH on cerebral perfusion pressure].

PMID- 6421189
TI  - [Evolution of cerebral elastance in intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 6421190
TI  - [Inhibitory effect on caries of lanthanum monosodium
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate].

PMID- 6421191
TI  - [Corpus luteum function in ovulation stimulation with Pergonal].

PMID- 6421192
TI  - Enhanced serum prolactin concentration after metoclopramide stimulation in
      idiopathic oligozoospermia and azoospermia.
AB  - The aim of the study was to evaluate the hormonal pattern in men with idiopathic
      oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Material consisted of 13 sterile men, 21-34
      years old (the mean - 27 years). Three of 13 patients had the third degree
      oligozoospermia, 3 - extreme oligozoospermia and 7 - azoospermia. The control
      group consisted of 11 healthy men who were found to have normozoospermia. In all
      patients and in control subjects the estimation of LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL),
      testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in basal conditions and also PRL
      determination at 15, 30, 60 min after stimulation with metoclopramide (MCP 10 mg
      i.v.) were performed by radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that men with
      idiopathic oligo- or azoospermia have significantly higher prolactin level in
      response to dopaminergic receptor blockade with metoclopramide and significantly
      lower serum testosterone and DHT concentrations.

PMID- 6421193
TI  - The endocrine status of gossypol - treated male rats.
AB  - Male adult Wistar rats were exposed daily or every other day to oral gossypol
      acetic acid (GAA) concentrations of 2.5-30 mg/kg for 10-20 weeks. Controls
      received the GAA-suspension medium or were left completely untreated. The serum
      concentrations of testosterone, LH and FSH as well as the weight of testis,
      epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, and pituitary were
      determined. The accessory sex organs were prepared for light microscopy.
      Significant antifertility effect in these animals was achieved at GAA-dosage of
      15 mg/kg and higher. GAA-administration neither altered the serum hormonal
      profiles nor the reproductive organ weights in comparison to the controls.
      Accordingly, light microscopical examination revealed no alterations in the
      histological picture of prostate, seminal vesicle and coagulating gland when
      compared with the controls. The results indicate that GAA does not interfere with
      the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male adult rats.

PMID- 6421194
TI  - Pathogenesis of persistent infertility in men after varicocelectomy.
AB  - With a view to investigating the cause of persistent infertility, the authors
      studied a group of 27 patients who had, previously, undergone surgical ligation
      of the spermatic vein for varicocele and infertility. Of these subjects, who
      failed to father after surgery, 12 presented persisting varicocele at the
      clinical examination. In 6 cases, the seminal fluid was positive for U.
      Urealyticum. One patient had orchiepididymitis; in one spermioagglutinating
      antibodies were found, in one the female partner was found to be infertile. Even
      preoperatively, three subjects had pathologically high gonadotropin levels, an
      important sign of testicular parenchyma alteration. In three subjects only there
      were no pathological findings to explain persistent infertility.

PMID- 6421195
TI  - Andrological and hormonal findings in subjects with ductus deferens agenesia.
AB  - The aim of our study has been the complete andrological and endocrinological
      evaluation of seven cases of bilateral ductus deferens agenesia. In all cases
      testicular biopsy demonstrated a normal spermatogenesis. Urographic examination
      showed, in four cases, the existence of congenital anomalies of the urinary
      tract. The presence of spermioagglutinating and spermimmobilizing antibodies in
      blood and in seminal plasma was excluded in all cases. Basal and stimulated
      levels of FSH, LH, PRL and testosterone were within normal limits. Surgical
      exploration of seminal tracts and bilateral collection of sperm at the caudal
      portion of the epididymis appear to be mandatory in order to select the cases for
      surgical therapeutic approach.

PMID- 6421197
TI  - ED50 of alfentanil for induction of anesthesia in unpremedicated young adults.
AB  - This study determined the ED50 and ED90 of alfentanil for unconsciousness and
      anesthesia. A bolus of alfentanil was given to 28 healthy unpremedicated adults
      undergoing gynecologic or orthopedic procedures in one of four dosages: 100, 150,
      200, or 250 micrograms/kg. Three indicators of induction were assessed 90 s
      later: eyelid reflex, response to verbal commands to breathe, and response to
      placement of a nasopharyngeal airway. Succinylcholine, given at 90 s, was
      followed by tracheal intubation 1 min later. From probit analysis, the ED50 and
      ED90 for loss of voice response were 92 and 111 micrograms/kg, respectively, and
      for loss of nasopharyngeal airway response, 111 and 169 micrograms/kg. A high
      incidence of chest wall rigidity (75%) and movements of the limbs (54%) or eyes
      (25%) was seen. There were statistically significant increases of the heart rate
      prior to stimulation and of both the heart rate (21% rise) and systolic blood
      pressure (10% rise) from control to the peak value following intubation.
      Differences between alfentanil doses were not significant. Naloxone was required
      in 36% of patients for end-tidal PCO2 greater than 48 mmHg at emergence from
      anesthesia; no patient required additional naloxone. Nausea or vomiting occurred
      in 39% of all subjects. Two patients recalled placement of the nasopharyngeal
      airway. We conclude that alfentanil is an anesthetic, and its ED50 (analogous to
      MAC of inhalational agents) is 111 micrograms/kg. The blood pressure and heart
      rate responses to laryngoscopy and intubation were modest after doses that
      allowed for extubation as early as 51 min after induction.

PMID- 6421196
TI  - Effect of protein intake on ventilatory drive.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that if isotonic amino acid infusions were
      administered at a rate that approximated normal daily protein requirements, a
      leftward shift of the minute ventilation X PaCO2 relationship occurred. This
      study examined the effect of the administration of parenteral nutrition, at a
      fixed caloric intake and two levels of nitrogen (N) intake, on the ventilatory
      response to CO2 in nutritionally depleted patients. The intent was to determine
      whether increasing protein intake from normal to twice normal requirements would
      result in a further enhancement of the ventilatory response to CO2. Eight
      patients with nutritional depletion (greater than 10% weight loss) were studied.
      The resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured during administration of 5%
      dextrose, using principles of indirect calorimetry. Each patient received
      parenteral nutrition for a 2-week period. Two diets were examined for a 1-week
      period each: 1) a high N intake-15 mg nitrogen per kcal REE (approximately 21
      g/day), or b) a low N intake--7.5 mg nitrogen per kcal REE (approximately 11
      g/day). The initial diet was assigned randomly. Total energy intake was set at
      1.35 X REE as measured during administration of 5% dextrose solution. Nonprotein
      calories were administered as 50% glucose and 50% fat. Breathing patterns at rest
      and during inhalations of 2 and 4% CO2 were analyzed using a canopy-computer
      spirometer system. With an increased nitrogen intake there was a significant
      reduction in resting arterial PaCO2 from 39.9 to 37.6 mmHg (P less than 0.05)
      with no significant change in pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421198
TI  - Airway emergency in a patient during CO2 arthroscopy.

PMID- 6421199
TI  - Fentanyl and cerebral vascular responsivity in dogs.
AB  - The effect of high-dose fentanyl on the cerebral vascular response to alterations
      in mean arterial blood pressure, arterial O2 tension (PaO2), and arterial CO2
      tension (PaCO2) was studied in 28 mongrel dogs using the cerebral venous outflow
      technique. In 13 animals anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, iv),
      bolus injection of fentanyl (25 micrograms/kg, iv) decreased mean arterial blood
      pressure (MABP) without a change in cerebral blood flow (CBF). In these animals,
      the response of the cerebral circulation to changes in PaO2, PaCO2, and MABP was
      determined before and after fentanyl administration. Fentanyl did not alter the
      increase in CBF caused by hypoxic hypoxia or hypercapnia. The lower and upper
      limit of cerebral autoregulation determined by hypovolemic hypotension and
      norepinephrine infusion, respectively, also were unaltered by fentanyl
      administration. The CBF response to alterations of MABP, PaO2, and PaCO2 were
      studied in another group of 15 dogs anesthetized with fentanyl (100
      micrograms/kg) plus small doses (3-5 mg/kg) of pentobarbital. The CBF response to
      PaO2, and PaCO2 in these animals was not different from that observed in animals
      anesthetized with barbiturates only. The lower and upper limit of cerebral
      autoregulation also were not different from that observed in animals anesthetized
      with barbiturates only. These data suggest that fentanyl in doses sufficient to
      cause profound analgesia and anesthesia did not alter cerebral responsivity to
      changes in PaO2, and PaCO2, and MABP.

PMID- 6421200
TI  - Treating peripheral venospasm.

PMID- 6421201
TI  - [Value of microprecipitation in agar (MPA) in the diagnosis of human
      toxoplasmosis].
AB  - Results of researches on the value of the MPA for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
      are explained. They are based upon epicritical reports of toxoplasmosis cases and
      comparison researches by means of IFAR. The author supposes the hypothesis that
      the MPA is able to point out the "nonsterile immunity" of Toxoplasma infection.

PMID- 6421202
TI  - Ineffectiveness of annual chest roentgenograms in tuberculin skin test-positive
      hospital employees.
AB  - Annual routine chest x-ray examinations have been recommended for many years for
      tuberculin skin test-positive hospital employees who have not received
      chemoprophylaxis. To examine the case-finding effectiveness of this policy in a
      university teaching hospital, employee health records covering an 18-year period
      were reviewed. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in four employees during that
      time period. None of the patients were identified through the routine annual
      chest x-ray examination. In the study institution the policy requiring routine
      annual chest x-ray examinations for tuberculin-positive hospital employees who
      had not received preventive therapy was rescinded. Currently, the first chest x
      ray examination is required at the time of skin test conversion, the second 1
      year after conversion, and the third 2 years after conversion. Health teaching
      and counseling regarding the symptoms of tuberculosis have been initiated for
      tuberculin-positive hospital employees.

PMID- 6421203
TI  - Clarifying nomenclature.

PMID- 6421204
TI  - Hypotension and arteriovenous shunting: effects of intravenous infusion of
      nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and phentolamine.
AB  - The effects of nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and phentolamine on cardiac dynamics
      and on the fraction of cardiac output shunted through systemic arteriovenous
      communications, which may explain disparate responses elicited by these systemic
      vasodilators upon venous return, have been studied in 15 nonanesthetized dogs.
      Cardiac dynamic parameters were measured by electromagnetic flow probe placed at
      the root of the aorta. Quantitative measurements of total systemic arteriovenous
      shunting were determined from the fraction of 9 mu radioactively labeled
      microspheres, injected into the left atrium, recovered in the pulmonary artery.
      To provide a common basis for comparison, the mean arterial pressure was lowered
      by 15-20% either with an intravenous infusion of nitroprusside, nitroglycerin or
      phentolamine. At the fifteenth minute of infusion, nitroprusside produced
      significant decrease in stroke volume index (23%) and left ventricular power and
      work (28% and 40%). Nitroglycerin decreased significantly stroke volume index
      (12%), cardiac index (9%) and left ventricular work (22%). Phentolamine
      significantly increased heart rate (72%) and left ventricular maximum
      acceleration (30%) while it decreased stroke volume index (41%), left ventricular
      power and work (19% and 55%). Total peripheral resistance was significantly
      affected only by infusion of phentolamine (-18%). Left ventricular maximum
      velocity, mean systolic ejection rate and maximum systolic flow did not change
      significantly under infusion of these systemic vasodilators. Under control
      conditions, total systemic shunting of cardiac output averaged 8.9-10% and was
      not modified by any of the vasodilators used. Arteriovenous O2 difference and
      oxygen consumption, corroborated these findings since they remained within normal
      limits before and after infusion of nitroprusside, nitroglycerin or
      phentolamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421205
TI  - The effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDA)
      on the delayed nasal mucosa response to allergen challenge.
AB  - The protective effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and beclomethasone
      dipropionate (BDA) on the "delayed nasal response" to allergen challenge (DNR)
      were investigated in 37 patients with allergic rhinitis. These thirty-seven
      patients, from a group of 268, developed 43 "delayed nasal responses" (DNR), 16
      cases of "isolated delayed responses" (IDNR) and 27 cases of "dual delayed
      responses" (DDNR), where the delayed response (DLDNR) was preceded by an
      immediate response (INR). BDA demonstrated significant protective effects on the
      DNR in both its modifications; however, to a higher degree in the case of the
      IDNR. DSCG significantly decreased only the INR, being a part of the DDNR, while
      in the case of the DNR in both its modifications, DSCG was completely
      ineffective. It is suggested that BDA should be the drug of first choice in
      allergic rhinitis patients demonstrating the DNR. When immediate responses to the
      same or other allergens are also present, DSCG should be added at the beginning
      of the treatment for a temporary period of a few months.

PMID- 6421206
TI  - HLA DR typing of aspirin sensitive asthmatics.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested associations of HLA, A, B and C loci antigens
      with specific subgroups of asthma. We applied DR antigen typing to the aspirin
      sensitive subgroup to look for similar correlations. Our results show no
      statistically significant increase in any known DR antigen nor any correlation
      with A or B locus typing. We did find a non-statistically significant increase in
      the number of subjects with blank typing at the DR locus, (i.e., a presently
      unidentified antigen), raising the question of whether a correlation may exist
      with an as yet undefined antigen.

PMID- 6421207
TI  - [Determination of the factor VIII ristocetin cofactor (Willebrand factor) using a
      semi-quantitative slide test. Preliminary results].
AB  - The assay of factor VIII, co-factor of Ristocetin (VIIIR:Co) is a relatively
      delicate procedure which is presently reserved to specialized laboratories. It
      requires the use of an aggregometer and a long and difficult preparation of human
      platelets. In parallel with this classical method, we have used a new, rapid,
      semi-quantitative slide test whose advantages are: simple technique and rapid
      answer (2 minutes), small volume of plasma required for the test (50 microliters)
      and the possibility of using citrated or heparinized plasma taken form a venous
      or capillary blood sample. Using this test, we have assayed factor VIII co-factor
      of ristocetin: in 31 hospitalized adults patients with no previous history of
      bleeding and no disturbance of haemostasis and in 18 patients with Willebrand's
      factor deficiency in comparison with the standard technique using aggregometry
      (Allain's method); - in 28 normal neonates, in comparison with the VIIIR:Ag
      factor assay (Laurell's technique), only because of the small sample volume
      available; - in 17 patients with various disease associated with an abnormality
      of the VIII complex in comparison with the assay of VIIIR:Ag and VIIIC. The
      results obtained in the normal adults show a satisfactory correlation between the
      two methods. The mean level of factor VIII:Co is 100 +/- 10 per cent (M +/- SD)
      with the semi-quantitative slide test and 109 +/- 20 per cent (M +/- SD) with the
      method taken as the reference. The correlation is also satisfactory for patients
      with a deficit of Willebrand's factor. The test performed on the neonates gives a
      mean value of 101 +/- 37 per cent (M +/- SD) with good correlation between the
      factor VIIIR:Ag and the factor VIIIR:Co.

PMID- 6421208
TI  - [Assay of plasma fibronectin in clinical biology: comparison of nephelometric and
      turbidimetric technics].
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the assay of
      plasma Fn by laser nephelometry, to compare the nephelometric and turbidimetric
      techniques and to confirm the influence of various parameters on the Fn
      concentration. The results reveal that both techniques are sensitive (threshold
      of sensitivity: 20 mg/l with laser nephelometry, 125 mg/l with turbidimetry),
      reproducible (coefficient of variation of less than 10 p. cent), specific, simple
      and rapid. The interpretation of the results must take into account the influence
      of various factors on the Fn concentration. Fn is present in lower concentrations
      in the serum and the percentage of serum Fn to the plasma concentration varies
      from one sample to another in the same patient. The optimal conditions for the
      assay include collection of the plasma on EDTA, storage of the samples at - 20
      degrees C and incubation of the sample at 37 degrees C prior to the assay. There
      is a relationship between the concentration of Fn and the sex and age of the
      subject. There is a significant difference between the sexes between the ages of
      18 and 40, which is no longer seen after the age of 50. The ability to assay
      plasma Fn by rapid, specific and sensitive techniques enables us to evaluate the
      capacity of response of the reticulo-endothelial system in conditions of severe
      sepsis.

PMID- 6421209
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis of purulent meningitis].
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid of 589 subjects, 78 of whom were suffering from a
      purulent meningitis were examined. Comparatively by classical bacteriological
      techniques (direct examination and culture) and by electro-immunodiffusion, latex
      agglutination, and Limulus endotoxin assay. Soluble bacterial Haemophilus
      influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis group A, C, and Streptococcus
      pneumoniae antigens, were tested by electro-immunodiffusion and latex
      agglutination, and soluble bacterial N. meningitidis group B, Listeria
      monocytogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae antigens by electro-immunodiffusion.
      Specific antigens and endotoxin were found in 75.8 per cent of the specimens with
      a rapid answer (120 min). The three tests revealed also only the diagnosis in
      29.1 per cent of cases of pneumococcal meningitis, in 33.3 per cent of
      meningococcal meningitis and in 47 per cent of Gram-negative bacteria meningitis.
      Only five cerebrospinal fluid from the 589 specimens tested were given a non
      specific reaction. These two advantages--sensitivity and specificity--of these
      three tests render them techniques of the future in the diagnosis of purulent
      meningitis.

PMID- 6421211
TI  - Acid-fast bacilli in sputum smears of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
      Prevalence and significance of negative smears pretreatment and positive smears
      post-treatment.
AB  - We studied 977 patients with culture-proved pulmonary tuberculosis
      retrospectively to determine the frequency with which patients were sputum smear
      negative but culture positive (S-C+) prior to treatment, the frequency with which
      patients developed the smear positive but culture negative (S+C-) status during
      treatment, and the implication of these 2 phenomena to the success of treatment.
      One fourth (25.6%) of the patients were repeatedly S-C+ prior to treatment; the
      frequency of this phenomenon was inversely proportional to the extent of disease
      and the presence of cavities. Patients who were S-C+ prior to treatment, and
      whose organisms were drug-sensitive, had the fastest sputum culture conversion
      rate. Patients who were S+C+ without far-advanced cavitary disease had a
      significantly slower conversion rate after 1 month of treatment, and those with
      far-advanced cavitary disease had the slowest conversion rate. Patients with drug
      resistant organisms had slower conversion rates than did their counterparts with
      drug-sensitive organisms, but in all but 4 of these, sputum smears and cultures
      ultimately converted to negative. The S+C- phenomenon was observed in 20.4% of
      patients; its frequency was related to the extent of disease and to treatment
      regimens that contained rifampin. In all patients who exhibited the S+C-
      phenomenon, sputum smears converted to negative with continuation of the same
      treatment regimen.

PMID- 6421210
TI  - Selective reduction of genioglossal muscle activity by alcohol in normal human
      subjects.
AB  - We recorded ventilation and genioglossal electromyographic activity in 12 awake,
      normal subjects before and after they drank 1 ml of ethyl alcohol per kg of body
      weight. Measurements were made during quiet room air breathing and during
      hypercapnic rebreathing. Alcohol did not alter minute ventilation, the pattern of
      breathing, or the ventilatory response to CO2, but it significantly reduced
      genioglossal activity in both quiet breathing and hypercapnia. The effect was
      more consistent in male than in female subjects. These results indicate that the
      neural mechanisms underlying the respiratory activity of the genioglossus are
      more susceptible to depression by alcohol than those serving the muscles of the
      ventilatory pump. This susceptibility may be important in the exacerbation by
      alcohol of obstructive apnea during sleep.

PMID- 6421212
TI  - Disruption of phagosomal membranes of normal alveolar macrophages by the H37Rv
      strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A correlate of virulence.
AB  - The H37Rv and H37Ra strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were incubated with
      normal rabbit alveolar macrophages and examined by electron microscopy at 5 to 6
      and 18 to 24 h of incubation. At the 18- to 24-h incubation interval, 60 to 100%
      of the endocytosed organisms of the H37Rv strain disrupted the phagosomal
      membranes and appeared free in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. In contrast, the
      H37Ra strain lacked this putative virulence characteristic, and greater than 99%
      of the organisms appeared within intact phagosomes. Heating the organisms of the
      H37Rv strain abrogated to a large extent, but not completely, their capacity to
      disrupt phagosomal membranes. In the course of the interaction of organisms of
      the virulent H37Rv strain with phagosomal membranes of normal rabbit alveolar
      macrophages, adherence of the phagosomal membrane to the surface of the organisms
      was a prominent feature that was followed by fragmentation and apparent
      disintegration of the membrane. This potential virulence characteristic could
      explain why there is essentially no resistance expressed in the lung during the
      early postinfectious period of primary infection to M. tuberculosis.

PMID- 6421213
TI  - Ventilatory responses to exercise and their control in man.

PMID- 6421214
TI  - Coupling of external to internal respiration.
AB  - Oxygen is required to generate chemical energy (ATP) to allow muscle contraction.
      The amount of chemical energy required is directly proportional to the work rate
      performed. Early in exercise, the muscle creatine phosphate and oxygen stores,
      primarily in the form of oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin (oxygen content of venous
      blood decreases), are used for energy. This allows time for cardiac output and
      ventilation to increase to satisfy the total O2 requirement. Steady-state time
      depends on the level of work relative to the anaerobic threshold (AT). For work
      rates below the AT, steady-state for VO2 is achieved by 3 min and by 4 min for
      VCO2 and VE. For work rates above the AT, steady-states are considerably delayed
      or not achieved. For purposes of description of the pattern of external
      respiration (gas exchange at the lungs), three phases are defined. Phase I is the
      initial increase in VO2 and VCO2 at the start of exercise, lasting approximately
      15 s. Because the gas exchange ratio (R) typically doesn't change during Phase I,
      the initial increase in VO2 and VCO2 must be due primarily to an increase in
      pulmonary blood flow and proportional increase in ventilation (cardiodynamic
      phase). Phase II is the exponential-like increase in VO2 and VCO2, which follow
      Phase I and terminates in a steady-state or asymptotic value (Phase III). At
      moderate work, VO2 increases more rapidly than VCO2 during Phase II (CO2 stores
      increase). Therefore, R decreases before it increases to the steady-state. Below
      the AT, the rate of external respiration equals the rate of internal respiration
      during Phase III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421215
TI  - Exercise and chemoreception.

PMID- 6421216
TI  - The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance.
AB  - During exercise, the oxygen consumption above which aerobic energy production is
      supplemented by anaerobic mechanisms, and which results in a significant increase
      in lactate, is termed the anaerobic threshold (AT). This power output has
      important functional implications because it is a demarcation of the work rate
      above which metabolic acidosis accelerates the stimulation to breathing, and
      exercise endurance becomes reduced. The justification for relating lactate
      increase to tissue anaerobiosis during exercise is presented, and the gas
      exchange methods for measuring the AT are described. The form of work affects the
      AT, treadmill being about 10% greater than cycling in sedentary subjects. It is
      useful for predicting the ability of the subject to sustain a given work rate for
      a prolonged period and for determining the VO2 above which there is
      cardiovascular insufficiency in meeting tissue O2 requirements.

PMID- 6421217
TI  - Physiologic requirements to perform work.
AB  - In order to perform, exercising muscle must be provided with an appropriate blood
      flow, and the composition of the incoming blood must be kept within acceptable
      limits. The circulatory system maintains flow by increasing cardiac output and
      reducing supply to many beds (such as the splanchnic circulation), while the lung
      regulates arterial O2 and CO2 levels by adjusting alveolar ventilation to
      metabolic needs. In the process, the function of many organs is temporarily
      sacrificed or depressed, which means that: (1) a hierarchy of functions has to be
      established, and (2) some compromises among the numerous needs of the exercising
      muscle must be made. As a result of these readjustments, the heart and lungs of
      the normal subject are able to provide all the support that the exercising muscle
      requires. It is the peripheral machinery that fails first, as demonstrated by the
      switch to anaerobic metabolism while blood pressure is actually increased, and O2
      and CO2 levels are maintained. Thus, if the exertion level of a patient is
      limited by his central circulation or by his respiration, there is a definite
      decrement in the functional capacity of that system.

PMID- 6421218
TI  - Predicted values for clinical exercise testing.
AB  - Following thorough evaluation at rest, 265 of 400 current or ex-shipyard workers
      rode a cycle ergometer with equal work increments each minute to exhaustion while
      continuous multiple noninvasive cardiorespiratory measures and intermittent intra
      arterial blood pressure and blood gas measures were made. Seventy-seven men, with
      a mean age of 54, including some who were smokers, obese, or hypertensive, were
      judged to have normal cardiorespiratory systems based on history, physical,
      electrocardiogram during rest and exercise, chest X-ray, pulmonary function
      tests, and exercise performance. Their responses to exercise are given. It was
      unusual to find at maximal exercise a breathing reserve less than 11 L/min,
      arterial PO2 less than 80 mm Hg, alveolar-arterial PO2 difference greater than 38
      mm Hg, arterial-end tidal PCO2 difference greater than 1 mm Hg, respiratory
      frequency greater than 60, or a dead space/tidal volume ratio greater than 0.28.
      The normal anaerobic threshold/maximal O2 uptake ratio exceeded 40%. With maximal
      exercise, the intra-arterial systolic and diastolic pressures rose an average of
      68 and 13 mm Hg, respectively. For predicting maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen
      pulse in an overweight man, we find it preferable to use age and height rather
      than age and weight.

PMID- 6421219
TI  - [4 cases of acquired Willebrand factor deficiency associated with monoclonal
      dysglobulinemia].
AB  - Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is reported in four patients with monoclonal
      IgG: benign gammapathy in three cases, multiple myeloma in one case; to our
      knowledge, this last association has not been previously reported. Coagulation
      abnormalities included a borderline bleeding time, a low platelet retention on
      glass beads, decreased levels of factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII: C), factor
      VIII related-antigen (VIII R: Ag) and ristocetin induced agglutination cofactor
      (VIII R: RC). The late clinical onset, the negative family history and the
      immunological abnormality suggest an acquired von Willebrand syndrome. After
      cryoprecipitate infusion the patients did not show the expected rise and there
      was no secondary increment in factor VIII: C. Time-dependent inhibition of factor
      VIII R: RC and factor VIII: C was found in one case only and was associated with
      qualitative abnormality of factor VIII R: Ag demonstrated by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis. It was not possible to interpret this last test in the
      other cases, due to the very low level of factor VIII R: Ag. The factor VIII
      abnormalities might be related to the binding and/or destruction of factor VIII
      by a circulating antibody, or to the adsorption of this factor on the malignant
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6421220
TI  - Auditory brainstem and middle latency responses. I. Effect of response filtering
      and waveform identification. II. Threshold responses to a 500-HZ tone pip.
AB  - Auditory brainstem (ABR) and middle latency responses (MLR) were recorded for ten
      normal subjects. Changes in wave latency were recorded with high- and low-pass
      filtering using Butterworth filters with standard phase-shift characteristics.
      When an open filter (15-3,000 HZ) was used, waves IV, V and VI of the ABR were
      superimposed on wave P phi of the MLR. A positive (P) wave was recorded in the
      trough of wave Na as the high-frequency cutoff of the recording bandpass (15-100
      Hz) was raised above 100 Hz. Wave P divided Na into two parts. The first trough
      was the slow-negative response and the second was Na2. The origin of the P wave
      is unclear but may represent a muscle potential. Because of previous
      inconsistencies in the waveform identification used with these recording
      techniques, the authors present a modified method of classification which
      accommodates changes in waveform appearance that occur with different response
      filtering. The thresholds for various waves of the auditory brainstem (ABR) or
      middle latency response (MLR) were determined to a 500-Hz tone pip in ten normal
      listeners in a variety of recording filter bandwidths. Wave V (recording filters
      100-3,000 Hz) had a threshold of 26 dB nHL. Wave SN (30-3,000 Hz) had a threshold
      of 18 dB nHL. Waves Na, Pa and Nb had thresholds of 10 to 11 dB nHL. The
      threshold for waves Na, Pa and Nb were unaffected by changing the recording
      bandpass from 15-3,000 Hz. The ABR amplitude increased when the recording
      filter's low-frequency cutoff was lowered from 100 to 15 Hz (high frequency
      cutoff, 3,000 Hz). This augmentation is probably due to the inclusion of the
      lower frequency energy of wave P phi. Lowering the recording filters high
      frequency cutoff from 3,000 to 100 Hz (low-frequency cutoff, 15 Hz) resulted in
      exclusion of the higher frequency ABR but did not elevate response threshold. In
      all listeners tested, the MLR had a lower threshold than the ABR to a 500-Hz tone
      pip. It is suggested that the MLR has good potential for use in evaluation of low
      frequency threshold.

PMID- 6421221
TI  - [Long-term follow up of surgically-treated congenital heart disease:
      interauricular communication, aortic coarctation, tetralogy of Fallot].
AB  - Based on data from the literature and their own experience, the authors study the
      long-term clinical course of patients with interatrial communications (IAC),
      coarctation of the aorta (CAo) and tetralogy of Fallot (TF) who have been
      operated. According to data from the literature and 50 cases which were reviewed
      an average of 11 years after the operation, operated cases of IAC are at risk of
      developing arrhythmias or conduction disturbances, especially if the operation
      was performed after the age of 20, in cases with cardiomegaly, with a mean
      pulmonary artery pressure of more than 20 mmHg and a pulmonary flow/systemic flow
      ratio due to the shunt greater than 1.5. Surgery for CAo carries a risk of long
      term residual hypertension (HT). According to the majority of authors and a study
      of 55 cases. HT is present in 3 to 6% of cases operated between the ages of 1 and
      10 years. This percentage is much higher for the older age groups. The increase
      in blood pressure on effort and the demonstration of a gradient between the upper
      limb and the lower limb are the methods of detecting post-operative hypertension
      and residual stenosis. Cardiac failure and coronary occlusion can occur in the
      cases which were operated late. Following complete correction of TF, severe
      ventricular arrhythmias can arise in the long term. From a study of 59 patients
      at least 3 years after the operation, the authors outline the elements which
      favour the development of these arrhythmias. The cases at highest risk are those
      which were operated after the age of 2 years with significant residual lesions,
      cardiomegaly and ventricular extrasystoles on the resting trace.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421222
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of sublingual molsidomine in patients with or without
      cardiac failure].
AB  - A haemodynamic study was performed in 12 men aged between 28 and 64 years,
      including 8 with clinical signs of congestive cardiac failure and an ejection
      fraction of less than 50 per cent. The pulmonary artery pressure, capillary
      pressure, left ventricular pressure, cardiac output and the arterial and venous
      oxygen tensions were measured before (T 0) and after sublingual administration of
      4 mg of molsidomine (T 15, T 30, T 45, T 60 min) and 3 minutes after a dose of
      0.6 mg sublingual trinitrine (given immediately after the measurements made at T
      60). The haemodynamic modifications were very significant at the 30th minute and
      reached a plateau between the 45th and 60th minute. The left and right
      ventricular filling pressures fell by more than 25 per cent, the aortic pressure
      fell by 17 per cent. There was a mild decrease (8 per cent) in the cardiac index
      and the systolic index, without any significant change in the heart rate. The
      reduction in the cardiac index and the systolic index was not significant in
      patients with cardiac failure and an ejection fraction of less than 50 per cent.
      The peripheral vascular resistance fell by 9 per cent. Finally, there was a
      significant reduction in the cardiac work and power and especially in the
      pressure-time index per beat and per minute. The administration of 0.6 mg of
      sublingual trinitrine induced an additional reduction in the aortic pressure with
      acceleration of the heart rate and a slight increase in the cardiac output, but
      no additional venodilator effect was detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421223
TI  - [Cellular mechanism of action of molsidomine. Bioinduction of prostacyclin].
AB  - Prostacyclin belongs to the family of prostaglandins, which are derived from
      arachidonic acid. It is secreted by vascular endothelium and possesses
      vasodilator and platelet anti-aggregant properties. This paper shows that
      molsidomine, a new anti-angina agent with vasodilator effects, is able to induce
      the secretion of prostacyclin by vascular endothelial cells in the aorta of the
      piglet. Molsidomine, via its stable metabolite SIN 1, induces very rapid and
      early secretion of prostacyclin followed by a refractory effect on vascular
      endothelium. At the same time, SIN 1 inhibits the platelet synthesis of
      thromboxane A2, which suggests that part of the action of molsidomine is related
      to an improvement in the prostacyclin/thromboxane A2 equilibrium, which has been
      shown to be disturbed in the course of certain cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 6421224
TI  - [Multicenter trials in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Socioeconomic
      repercussions].
AB  - The various therapeutic trials conducted throughout the world demonstrate the
      benefit of treatment even for a moderate elevation of diastolic pressure (90 or
      95 mmHg). At this level of hypertension, treatment is more preventative than
      curative. This article discusses the benefits and the costs on the individual and
      collective scale in the context of two opposed strategies: mass treatment after a
      certain level of blood pressure or treatment of subjects at high risk of cardio
      vascular disease. To achieve a collective benefit, all of the hypertensives
      defined in this way need to be detected, treated and followed-up in the long
      term. Stimulation of the present medical system would appear to be more effective
      and less costly than the creation of specialized structures.

PMID- 6421225
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange distribution in various human tissues exposed to MMC
      and BrdU.
AB  - The effect of two known mutagens on different human tissues was examined in an
      attempt to determine if tissue specific responses exist in SCE distribution on
      chromosome. The tissues included human lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, ovarian and
      testicular cells. All cell types were exposed to varying concentrations of 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and mitomycin C (MMC). The numbers of SCEs were
      recorded from each tissue. Results indicated that certain of the tissues tested
      appeared more sensitive to particular agents. Results also showed that in all the
      tissues tested the larger chromosomes in groups A to C had greater numbers of
      SCEs than did the smaller chromosomes in groups D to G. There were very few SCEs
      in F and G group chromosomes including Y.

PMID- 6421226
TI  - Expression and organization of histone genes.

PMID- 6421227
TI  - Sex determination and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6421228
TI  - Genetic defects in glycoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 6421229
TI  - Feeding elicited by 2-deoxyglucose occurs in the absence of reduced glucose
      oxidation.
AB  - We have previously reported that feeding in response to either systemic or
      intracerebroventricular administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) persists for
      at least 6--8 h post-2-DG injection when the sympathoadrenal hyperglycemic
      response to glucoprivation has abated. This delayed feeding response to 2-DG
      suggests either that ongoing glucoprivation is not necessary for feeding or that
      responses such as hyperglycemia abate while glucoprivation is still extant and
      able to stimulate feeding. In order to determine whether glucoprivation is still
      present after the sympathoadrenal hyperglycemic response to 2-DG has abated, we
      measured systemic 14CO2 evolution and glucose oxidation in Sprague-Dawley rats
      treated with 2-DG (200 mg/kg) 0.5 and 6 h earlier. In addition, we measured
      cerebral 14C-2-DG accumulation in rats treated with unlabelled 2-DG 6 h prior to
      tracer administration We found that 14CO2 evolution and glucose oxidation were
      reduced by 47 and 667%, respectively, during the first 3.5 h post-2-DG but were
      normal by 6 h post-2-DG. Furthermore, we found that the uptake of 14C-2-DG into
      the brain was not diminished between 6 and 7 h after administration of unlabelled
      2-DG. These results suggest that ongoing reduction of systemic glucose oxidation
      and ongoing impairment of hexose availability to the brain need not occur during
      2-DG-induced feeding.

PMID- 6421230
TI  - Bacteriological analysis of water by potentiometric measurement of lipoic acid
      reduction: preliminary assays for selective detection of indicator organisms.
AB  - The practical task of adapting an original potentiometric technique to the
      bacteriological analysis of water is discussed. Various laboratory strains of
      organisms belonging to the usual aquatic flora were inoculated one by one in a
      minimal lactose broth supplied with lipoic (thioctic) acid. The time evolution of
      the redox potential of the cultures was followed during incubation by combined
      gold versus reference electrodes. When the incubation temperature was regulated
      at 36 degrees C, most organisms were able to grow and to reduce the coenzyme,
      generating changes in the redox potential of the culture. However, very few
      organisms developed significant reductive activity when the temperature was
      increased to 41 degrees C and when the broth was provided with sodium
      deoxycholate. Among the fecal coliform organisms, only Escherichia coli and
      Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited early but reproducible potential-time responses.
      Positive potentiometric responses were also recorded with Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus. E. coli showed rapid potentiometric signals as compared with K.
      pneumoniae. The time required for 100-mV shift of potential to be detected was
      related to the logarithm of the initial concentration of E. coli or K. pneumoniae
      in the culture broth. Experiments on natural surface water samples showed the the
      potentiometric method, associated with the selective incubation conditions,
      mainly detected E. coli among the bacterial flora of the tested environmental
      water. The calibration curve relating the time required for a 100-mV shift of
      potential to be detected to the number of fecal coliforms, as determined by
      control fecal coliform-selective plate counts, was consistent with the composite
      standard curve of detection times obtained with six different laboratory strains
      of E. coli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421231
TI  - Conjugative 40-megadalton plasmid in Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis
      DRC3 is associated with resistance to nisin and bacteriophage.
AB  - Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis DRC3 was examined for plasmid DNA and
      found to contain a previously unreported plasmid of 40 X 10(6) daltons. This
      plasmid, designated pNP40, was conjugally transferred to a plasmid-cured
      derivative of S. lactis C2. Transconjugants containing pNP40 acquired resistance
      to nisin produced by strains of S. lactis and to commercially available nisin
      when assay plates were incubated at 21, 32, and 37 degrees C. In addition, c2
      phage growth was completely restricted in transconjugants containing pNP40 at 21
      and 32 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. This result suggests that pNP40 may be
      coding for a temperature-sensitive enzyme that restricts phage growth at 21 and
      32 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. Eight consecutive transfers of a
      transconjugant containing pNP40 in Elliker broth at 37 degrees C resulted in 100%
      loss of resistance to c2 phage when colonies were tested at 32 degrees C. These
      phage-sensitive isolates had lost pNP40 and had also become sensitive to nisin.
      This result suggests that pNP40 may also be thermosensitive in its replication.
      The finding of a phage resistance determinant located on a conjugative plasmid
      should prove useful in constructing phage-resistant variants for dairy
      fermentation processes.

PMID- 6421232
TI  - Role and location of NAD malic enzyme in thermogenic tissues of Araceae.
AB  - This work was done to discover how those nonphotosynthetic tissues of the Araceae
      that become thermogenic release, as CO2, carbon recently fixed by
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Extracts of clubs of the spadix of Arum
      maculatum showed no activity for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and low
      activities of NADP malic enzyme. NAD malic enzyme activity in the above extracts
      and in those of thermogenic tissues of other Araceae was appreciable. Analysis of
      homogenates of clubs of Typhonium giraldii by differential centrifugation and
      sucrose gradients showed that NAD malic enzyme was confined to mitochondria.
      Centrifugation of mitochondria after freezing and thawing left all the NAD malic
      enzyme in the supernatant. NAD malic enzyme in isolated, intact mitochondria was
      completely latent, and was completely protected from exogenous trypsin. The
      responses of this latency and protection to different concentrations of Triton X
      100 suggested that none of the NAD malic enzyme was accessible from either the
      outside or the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. Treatment of excised
      clubs of A. maculatum with 2-N-butylmalonate largely prevented the development of
      the rapid respiration responsible for thermogenesis, and severely inhibited dark
      fixation of 14CO2. The conclusion is that in mature clubs of the Araceae
      phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to malate in the cytosol by phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxylase and NAD malate dehydrogenase, and that this malate then enters the
      mitochondrial matrix where it is converted to pyruvate by NAD malic enzyme.

PMID- 6421233
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of two forms of rat heart glycogen
      phosphorylase.
AB  - Rat heart glycogen phosphorylase a has been purified to apparent homogeneity by a
      procedure involving precipitation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephacel
      chromatography, and AMP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. In contrast to the
      skeletal muscle enzyme which appeared as a single peak upon ion-exchange
      chromatography, heart phosphorylase was separated into two distinct peaks (I and
      II), both only active in the presence of AMP. The isoelectric points of skeletal
      muscle phosphorylase b (dephosphorylated form) and heart phosphorylase Ib were
      both at 6.2, that of heart phosphorylase IIb was 5.2. The Km of phosphorylase IIb
      for AMP was threefold lower (7 microM) than that of Ib (22 microM). The
      dissociation constant K8 of phosphorylase Ia (phosphorylated form) was 0.37 mM
      for glycogen and 5.6 mM for Pi. Increasing the levels of glycogen decreased the
      apparent Km for Pi and vice versa. No such interaction between substrate binding
      was observed with phosphorylase IIa, since the Ks values for glycogen (0.27 mM)
      and Pi (3.8 mM) were not significantly influenced by increasing concentrations of
      the other substrate. The specific activity of both isoenzymes was 46 units/mg of
      protein at pH 6.8 and 30 degrees C. The subunit Mr of both forms was 92,500. By
      incubation with purified phosphorylase kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP both forms were
      converted to their corresponding forms by 32P incorporation of 1 mol/mol of
      subunit. This suggests the existence of two native forms of phosphorylase b in
      rat heart.

PMID- 6421234
TI  - Enzymology of long-chain base synthesis by liver: characterization of serine
      palmitoyltransferase in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Serine palmitoyltransferase [palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase
      (decarboxylating) EC 2.3.1.50] catalyzes the initial and committed step in the
      biosynthesis of the long-chain bases of sphingolipids. A simple assay, based upon
      the incorporation of [3H]serine into the chloroform-soluble product 3
      ketosphinganine, has been developed and demonstrated to be valid for analyzing
      this enzyme in rat liver microsomes. More than 75% of the serine
      palmitoyltransferase of rat liver was associated with the microsomal subfraction.
      The dependencies of activity on the incubation time, pH, temperature, other assay
      components (e.g., dithiothreitol, EDTA, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate), and the
      concentrations of microsomal protein, L-serine, and palmitoyl-CoA were
      investigated. The requirement of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for activity was
      established by formation of the apoenzyme by dialysis against cysteine, and
      recovery of full activity upon reconstitution with the coenzyme. Activities with
      fatty acyl-CoA's of varying alkyl chain length were distributed nearly
      symmetrically around a maximum at 16 carbons (palmitoyl-CoA) for the fully
      saturated substrates. Less activity was obtained with the CoA thioesters of cis
      unsaturated fatty acids, but trans-9-hexadecenoyl-CoA yielded essentially the
      same activity as palmitoyl-CoA. Hence, this enzyme is capable of initiating the
      synthesis of the major long-chain bases, as well as compounds that may constitute
      the unidentified bases reported in analyses of mammalian sphingolipids.

PMID- 6421235
TI  - Uptake, retention, and efflux of Ca2+ by mitochondrial preparations from skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Functionally intact mitochondria, substantially free of contamination, were
      isolated from rabbit gastrocnemius muscle after protease digestion and their Ca2+
      handling properties examined. When judged by their capacity to retain large Ca2+
      loads and the magnitude of basal and Na+-stimulated Ca2+ effluxes, the most
      suitable isolation method was digestion of finely minced muscle in buffered
      isoosmotic KCl with low levels (0.4 mg/g) of trypsin or the bacterial protease
      nagarse, followed by differential centrifugation. Polytron disruption of skeletal
      muscle in both sucrose- and KCl-based media released mitochondria deficient in
      cytochrome c. Use of the divalent ion chelator EDTA rather than EGTA in the
      isolation medium sharply reduced Ca2+-dependent respiratory control and tolerance
      of the mitochondria to Ca2+ loads, probably by removing Mg2+ essential to
      membrane integrity. ADP-dependent respiratory control was not altered in
      mitochondria prepared in an EDTA-containing isolation medium. Purification of
      mitochondria on a Percoll density gradient did not improve their Ca2+-handling
      ability despite removal of minor contaminants. Mitochondria prepared by the
      protease method could accumulate micromole loads of Ca2+/mg while maintaining a
      low basal Ca2+ efflux. Addition of BSA to the assay medium slightly improved Ca2+
      retention but was not essential either during isolation or assay. Ca2+-dependent
      state 3 respiration was maximal at pH 6.5-7.0 while respiratory control and
      Ca2+/O were optimal at pH 7.0-7.5. Neither Pi nor oxaloacetate induced Ca2+
      release from loaded mitochondria when monitored for 30 min after ruthenium red
      addition. Na+-stimulated Ca2+ efflux had sigmoidal kinetics with a Hill
      coefficient of 3. Since skeletal muscle mitochondria can be isolated and assayed
      in simple media, functional deficiencies of mitochondria from diseased muscle are
      unlikely to be masked.

PMID- 6421236
TI  - Human duodenal gland (Brunner's gland) mucus glycoprotein analysis.
AB  - A mucus glycoprotein of the duodenal gland is characterized. The glycoprotein was
      isolated from a water-soluble homogenate fraction of the submucosal tissue of the
      most proximal part of the small intestine, containing the duodenal gland, and was
      purified from contaminating protein by two sequential equilibrium-centrifugation
      steps in CsCl density gradients. Structural analysis of the purified glycoprotein
      showed two regions in the protein core: one part characterized by the presence of
      essentially all of the cysteine residues and another by the presence of most of
      the serine and threonine. Carbohydrate was found linked to the latter part. Rat
      (H. L. Smits, P. J. M. van Kerkhof, and M. F. Kramer (1982) Biochem. J. 203, 779
      785.) and human duodenal gland mucus glycoprotein show homology in chemical
      composition. Both glycoproteins have a relatively high protein content and
      contain little sulfate and no neuraminic acid. In man the mucus glycoprotein,
      however, has a higher content of serine plus threonine, a lower content of N
      acetylglucosamine, a slightly higher content of fucose, and a lower molar ratio
      of N-acetylgalactosamine relative to serine plus threonine.

PMID- 6421237
TI  - Effect of acetic acid on phycocyanin-phycoerythrocyanin mixture extracted from
      Anabaena variabilis.
AB  - Exposure of a phycocyanin-phycoerythrocyanin mixture extracted from Anabaena
      variabilis to sodium acetate, pH 3.8, ionic strength of 0.1, results in
      dissociation of the phycoerythrocyanin's beta subunit from its alpha subunit. The
      alpha subunit obtained by this method has a strong absorption transition at 508
      nm. This transition is a consequence of the subunit's specific conformation,
      rather than of a new chromophore. The behavior of the phycocyanin
      phycoerythrocyanin mixture in acetate buffers of variable compositions suggests
      that interactions which involve carboxylic amino acid residues play an important
      role, along with hydrophobic associations, in the association of
      phycoerythrocyanin subunits into monomers (alpha beta) and between this protein
      and phycocyanin. This work also indicates that the linkage between alpha and beta
      subunits of phycoerythrocyanin is labile and may be weaker than the association
      of these subunits with phycocyanin under acidic conditions.

PMID- 6421238
TI  - Biosynthesis of medium chain fatty acids in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Adult Drosophila melanogaster synthesizes dodecanoic and tetradecanoic acids in
      vivo, along with the more common 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids. The radiolabeled
      C12 and C14 fatty acids synthesized from sodium [1-14C]acetate are found
      primarily in the diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol fractions. Partially purified
      fatty acid synthetase (FAS) synthesizes C14, C16, and C18 fatty acids (as the
      free acids) at 0.2 M ionic strength. Increasing the ionic strength to 2.0 M
      causes partially purified FAS to synthesize primarily C12 and C14 fatty acids.
      Addition of aliquots of the microsomal pellet and other soluble protein fractions
      does not alter the pattern of fatty acids synthesized by FAS. The percentage of
      C12 and C14 fatty acids synthesized at high ionic strength by individual
      fractions from the FAS peak (Sepharose 6B column) is constant across the peak.
      None of the soluble protein fractions is able to relieve the inhibition of FAS by
      phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These results indicate that the FAS of D.
      melanogaster has the inherent capability to form C12 and C14 fatty acids and that
      no other soluble protein appears to be involved in their synthesis.

PMID- 6421239
TI  - Photoacoustic spectroscopy of Anacystis nidulans. III. Detection of
      photosynthetic activities.
AB  - Photosynthetic activities of Anacystis nidulans can be detected by photoacoustic
      spectroscopy. Algae treated by a photosynthetic inhibitor are used to provide the
      signal from the photochemically inactive sample. The results of these
      measurements correspond well with the activities which can be monitored by
      conventional biochemical assays. Acoustic data from A. nidulans are used to
      obtain the action spectrum for photochemical energy storage. It is concluded that
      phycocyanin harvests light for both photoreactions but that chlorophyll alpha
      molecules convey most of their excitation energy to photoreaction I. As judged
      from the relationship between the modulation frequency and the acoustic signal
      intensity, at least 60% of the photons absorbed at 630 nm perform photochemical
      work and about half of the useful energy is stored at stable products. Although
      it cannot be separated from the purely thermal effect, the contribution of
      modulated oxygen evolution to the acoustic signal of algae is estimated to be
      relatively small. Due to structural peculiarities, the opposite situation
      predominates in low frequency measurements performed with leaves from Impatiens
      petersiana.

PMID- 6421240
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer--relation between long-term
      administration of FT-207 and prognosis].
AB  - The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with FT-207 on survival rates in gastric
      cancer patients was evaluated. Patients who underwent curative gastrectomy in our
      Department were classified into the four groups: (A) short-term chemotherapy;
      total doses of 5 g 5-fluorouracil, or 1/2 MF (F') C alone (futraful 400mg/day, or
      5-fluorouracil 250 mg/day for 3 weeks, mitomycin C 2 mg and cytosine arabinoside
      20 mg twice a week for 3 weeks; (B) intermediate term chemotherapy; 1/2 MF (F') C
      followed by the oral administration of futraful 0.6g/day for less than 6 months;
      (C) long-term chemotherapy; 1/2 MF (F') C followed by futraful 10.6g/day longer
      than 6 months (D) control; no chemotherapy No significant difference back ground
      factors among four groups was found. Patients who recurred during the
      administration of drugs were excluded from this study. The survival rate of Group
      (C) in stage III was significantly higher than that of Group (A), (B) and (D)
      (generalized Wilcoxon test, p less than 0.03). There was no difference between
      (B) and (D). The survival rate of Group (A) was lower than Group (D). The
      effectiveness of chemo- therapy was not observed in patients with stage I and II.
      Survival rates of patients receiving futraful longer than 3 months continuously
      were significantly higher compared to patients who had to discontinue the drugs
      due to side effects. These results suggested that the adjuvant chemotherapy with
      futraful lasting more than 6 months prolonged the survival time, but short-term
      chemotherapy decreased the survival rate when compared with no chemotherapy
      group.

PMID- 6421241
TI  - [Antitumor effect of interferons].
AB  - Recent reports on the antitumor activity of interferon-gamma were reviewed and
      compared to a study on interferon-alpha beta. Secondly our results on the
      antitumor effects of murine IFN-gamma on Meth-A sarcoma in syngeneic BALB/c mice
      were described in detail. Topical injection of IFN-gamma to the tumor site, Winn
      neutralization test of IFN-gamma activated spleen cells and adoptive transfer of
      IFN-gamma activated cells to the tumor site all resulted in positive antitumor
      effects. Finally, data on clinical trials of natural and recombinant IFNs
      presented at the 13th International Congress of Chemotherapy were summarized and
      the development of future IFN research was discussed.

PMID- 6421242
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacological aspects of interferons].
AB  - It has been well established that interferon (IFN) has a variety of biological
      activities. It was originally discovered as an antiviral agent, but later its
      antitumor action was clearly demonstrated in many laboratories. Systemic
      treatment with IFN has been used in various experimental animals in order to
      determine its prophylactic or curative potential against virus infection and
      cancer. Clinical application of IFN is now making progress and increasingly being
      performed in human patients. Therefore, it would be valuable if data on the
      tissue distribution, decay rate and metabolism of the injected material were
      available. However, until now researchers have been appeared to be reluctant to
      extensively explore this area. The toxicology of IFN is rather unexplored field
      compared to pharmacokinetics. IFN was initially advocated as a natural non-toxic
      antiviral substance. Many biological effects have been reported in experimental
      animals treated with IFN. Whether the side effects are due to the IFN molecule
      itself or to certain impurities present in the IFN preparation is a matter of
      conjecture. In this paper, the pharmacokinetics behavior, biological effects and
      toxicology of mouse and human IFN are reviewed.

PMID- 6421243
TI  - [Cooperative studies on surgical adjuvant immunochemotherapy for prevention of
      postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer].
AB  - A controlled clinical trial of surgical adjuvant immunochemotherapy of gastric
      cancer was started in July, 1974 involving twelve institutes (Chairman; T. Kondo)
      in Japan. Patients with gastric cancer undergone curative resection were
      eligible. These patients were divided into 3 groups; Group A, mitomycin C (MMC) +
      5-fluorouracil (5-FU): Group B, MMC + 5-FU + PSK or MMC + 5-FU + OK-432; and
      Group C, surgery alone. Of 1412 patients accumulated up to December 1977, 848
      cases were evaluable: Group A-264 cases, group B-290 and group C-294. Side
      effects such as leukopenia, thrombopenia, elevated GOT and GPT, albuminuria and
      digestive disorders, were observed in 54 cases (20.5%) of group A and in 59 cases
      (20.3%) of group B. The 3-year survival rates of total cases were 79.2% with
      group A, 77.0% with group B and 85.2% with group C. The 2-year survival rates of
      histological stage II cases were 93.4% with group A, 90.5% with group B and 80.7%
      with group C. The difference in survival rate between A and C (12.7%) was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The efficacy was not related to the
      histological type of gastric cancer. Adjuvant immunochemotherapy using OK-432 was
      significantly effective on a 1-year survival rate of stage IV gastric cancer.

PMID- 6421244
TI  - [Experimental studies of plasma exchange therapy for malignant tumor].
AB  - We conducted the experiment to evaluate the effect of plasma exchange in
      treatment of cancer. Donryu rats of 8-10 week old female were used: 1 X 10(6)
      AH109A were inoculated subcutaneously in the back of rats. We performed
      comparative study on four groups: 1) untreated group; 2) plasma exchanged group;
      3) MMC treated group; and 4) plasma exchange + MMC treated group. Plasma exchange
      was conducted from 8th day of the tumor inoculation for three consecutive days.
      The plasma contained in 6ml blood was taken out from the tumor-bearing rats and
      same volume of fresh frozen normal serum was replaced. MMC (0.5 mg/kg/day) was
      administered intraperitoneally from 13th day of the tumor inoculation for five
      consecutive days. Efficacy of plasma exchange therapy was evaluated by tumor
      inhibition effect as well as by 50% survival time. Plasma exchanged group showed
      no tumor inhibition effect, however a considerable extention of survival of 36
      days was observed compared with the untreated group (29.3 days). Five out of 14
      cases of MMC treated group showed tumor inhibition effect and survived for 36.5
      days. Six out of 10 cases of plasma exchange + MMC treated group showed tumor
      inhibition effect and the survival time was 49 days. The above findings indicate:
      plasma exchange therapy has effects on prolongation in survival time, but has no
      effects on tumor inhibition and; a combination of plasma exchange and
      chemotherapy (MMC) produces greater tumor inhibition effect and longer survival
      compared to plasma exchange therapy alone and chemotherapy alone.

PMID- 6421245
TI  - [Serum levels of mitomycin C following a high-dose continuous hyperthermic
      peritoneal perfusion].
AB  - Valid therapeutic means have not been established for treatment of disseminated
      peritoneal metastasis of carcinoma. Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion
      (CHPP) with high-dose of mitomycin-C (MMC) was applied to 26 patients with
      peritoneal metastasis from gastric, rectal or ovarian cancers. Levels of MMC in
      the sera and in the perfusate were measured. The results obtained were: 1.
      Approximately a half of the dose of MMC added into the perfusion fluid was
      recovered. 2. When perfused with 100 mg of MMC, the maximum serum concentration
      of MMC was equivalent to 1/3 of the maximum serum level when injected with 10 mg
      of MMC intravenously. Therefore, MMC which could not be detected in CHPP seemed
      to be retained in the abdominal cavity. 3. Bone marrow inhibition caused by CHPP
      was observed in only 2 of 26 patients. 4. The total dose of 300 mg of MMC,
      consisting of the maximum dose of 100 mg each, is acceptable in CHPP without any
      severe side effect. 5. CHPP exerts antitumor effects when utilizing hyperthermia
      and a high-dose of MMC on the disseminated peritoneal foci of carcinoma.

PMID- 6421246
TI  - [Chemotherapy of gastric and rectal cancers incorporating non-radical irradiation
      during remission induction. 1].
AB  - For the remission induction therapy of advanced gastric and rectal cancer, 25
      cases were treated by non-radical irradiation (total doses: 3000-6000 rad)
      combined with tegafur, which minimized the tumor mass. For the reduction of tumor
      mass, a modified method of FAMT was employed and for the maintenance therapy of
      long-term chemotherapy a modified method of FAMT, MFE, MF or tegarfur alone were
      performed. Prolongation in survival was obtained with this combination therapy:
      Of 25 cases, 11 cases survived longer than one year and 6 cases longer then two
      years. One case of survived rectal cancer obtained disease-free for about 8 years
      with this treatment. But the observation period was too short to calculate one
      year and two-year survival rates of all cases. The indications for application of
      this combination therapy were as follows; (1) Locally operable cases with
      myocardial infarct, heart insufficiency, poor risk or refusal of operation, (2)
      Very aged patients, (3) Locally inoperable cases without clinical metastasis, and
      (4) Primary lesion of gastric cancer with small metastasis controllable by
      tegafur. It was concluded that over 3000 rad of irradiation combined with tegafur
      was necessary to obtain the sufficient radiation effect. As for side effects,
      loss of appetite , leukopenia and a few case of gastric bleeding by radiation
      were noted. From the result this treatment modality appears to be valuable in the
      management of gastric and rectal cancer.

PMID- 6421247
TI  - [Analysis of the mechanism of cancer metastasis by using anticancer agents].
AB  - For the analysis of the mechanism of cancer metastasis, effects of anticancer
      agents on the NK activity of spleen cells and on the artificial metastasis of B
      16 melanoma cells were comparatively studied. The inhibitory effect of these
      anticancer agents on the growth of B-16 melanoma inoculated to foot pad of
      C57/BL6 mice was also examined. The growth of B-16 melanoma was inhibited by
      intravenous administration of 6 mg/kg of MMC, 18 mg/kg of KW-2083 and 5 mg/kg of
      CDDP, but not of 6 mg/kg of KW-2083. The NK activities in spleen cells of C57/BL6
      mice administered with 6 mg/kg of MMC and 18 mg/kg of KW-2083 were decreased, but
      they were not decreased in mice administered with 6 mg/kg of KW 2083 and 5 mg/kg
      of CDDP. Significant increases in the number of artificial pulmonary and liver
      metastasis were observed in mice administered with 6 mg/kg of MMC and 18 mg/kg of
      KW-2083. It is suggested that the depression of NK activity induced by anticancer
      agents results in the promotion of metastatic disease.

PMID- 6421248
TI  - [Preoperative treatment of FT-207 suppository in cervical cancer-- serum and
      tumor tissue content of FT-207].
AB  - A 750 mg FT suppository was inserted daily for seven days prior to surgery of
      uterine cervical carcinoma. The concentrations of FT and 5-FU in the serum, tumor
      tissue, adjacent normal tissues and regional lymph nodes were then measured. In
      addition, the concentrations of FT and 5-FU in the serum of patients who had been
      receiving chemotherapy for long term (an average of 15 months) after the initial
      remission were measured. The results are as follows: The 5-FU concentration in
      the serum of patients following short duration of administration was 0.014 +/-
      0.006 micrograms/micromilligram. The 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissue was
      0.209 +/- 0.132 microgram/g. This was approximately 3.2 times higher than the
      concentration in the normal tissue which was 0.065 +/- 0.017 microgram/g, and
      approximately 2.4 times higher than in the regional lymph nodes of 0.088 +/-
      0.055 microgram/g. Relatively higher concentrations of 5-FU were seen in the non
      keratinizing type than in the keratinizing type suggesting. The correlation
      between the concentration in the tumor tissue and the histologic findings of the
      carcinoma tissue. The 5-FU concentration in the serum of patients receiving long
      term chemotherapy was 0.019 +/- 0.015 microgram/micromilligram, showing no
      significant difference from the patients receiving short-term chemotherapy.

PMID- 6421249
TI  - [Comparative study on two different types of tegafur for recurrent breast
      cancer].
AB  - A randomized controlled trial envelope method was conducted in 126 cases of
      recurrent breast cancer to compare the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of
      spansule (SF-SP) and gastro-soluble tegafur. Both SF-SP and gastro-soluble
      tegafur which is commercially available contain 200mg of tegafur per capsule. The
      drugs were given orally twice daily after morning and evening meal, with the
      total dose of 800mg/body/day, repeated for 8 weeks. Patient selection and
      evaluation of efficacy were assessed to the criteria of the Japan Breast Cancer
      Society. The results were: (1) for the 43 evaluable cases out of 65 patients on
      the SF-SP regimen efficacy rate was 23.3% (10/43), while for the 49 cases out of
      61 patients on the control regimen efficacy rate was 6.1% (3/49); and (2) no
      difference in occurrence of toxicity between the two regimens was observed. These
      results indicate higher antitumor efficacy of SF-SP than gastro-soluble tegafur
      with comparable toxicity, suggesting the usefulness of SF-SP in clinical trial.

PMID- 6421250
TI  - [Cooperative phase II study of spansule tegafur (SF-SP)].
AB  - A phase II study of oral administration of SF-SP alone was conducted in 187
      patients with advanced cancers involving 34 institutions in Kinki area. CR was
      observed in one case of breast cancer, and PR in 29 cases. In 7 responders,
      response durations of 6 months or more were observed. The drug was effective
      against colo-rectal, in particular, gastric and breast cancer. No serious
      toxicity was observed.

PMID- 6421251
TI  - Factor VIII-related antigen in Kaposi's sarcoma in young homosexual men.
AB  - This study investigated the histogenesis of the Kaposi's sarcomas occurring in
      young homosexual men. Paraffin sections of seven tumors were stained for factor
      VIII-related antigen by the unlabeled peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Both the
      spindle cell component and the cells lining vascular channels contained factor
      VIII-related antigen, a marker for endothelial cells. Our study supports the
      hypothesis that both components of Kaposi's sarcoma are of endothelial cell
      origin.

PMID- 6421252
TI  - [Triton tumor and Von Recklinghausen's disease. Apropos of a case with an
      ultrastructural study].

PMID- 6421253
TI  - Does second-line therapy affect the radiological progression of rheumatoid
      arthritis?
AB  - The effect of 'second-line' drugs on radiological progression in rheumatoid
      arthritis is not clear, and previous studies have yielded contradictory results.
      Sixty-seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been followed up clinically
      and radiologically for approximately 2 years (26 patients were receiving
      intramuscular gold, 21 penicillamine, 10 levamisole, and there were 10 controls
      who had consistently refused second-line therapy). Patients on gold and
      penicillamine showed improvement in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and
      haemoglobin over 2 years which was not seen in levamisole and control patients,
      but hand radiograph scores in all 4 groups showed statistically significant
      deterioration. There was a trend towards slowing of the rate of erosion in the
      gold and penicillamine groups in comparison with controls, but healing of
      erosions was extremely unusual.

PMID- 6421255
TI  - The effect of sodium cromoglycate on the development of exercise-induced angina
      pectoris.
AB  - The effect of inhaling sodium cromoglycate on the development of chest pain in 8
      patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris was studied in a double-blind
      cross-over placebo controlled trial. Blood levels of sodium cromoglycate of 24
      136 ng/ml did not affect either the time to develop pain on exercise or the rate
      pressure product at the time of pain. In view of the original observation that
      Khellin reduces angina, it is suggested that further studies should be performed
      to assess the effect of SCG at higher concentrations in the plasma.

PMID- 6421254
TI  - Tumor and host carcass changes during total parenteral nutrition in an anorectic
      rat-tumor system.
AB  - The independent effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on tumor growth and
      host carcass are important in designing effective nutritional support. In this
      study, a TPN regimen was used to keep substrate intake at normal levels during a
      10-day period of tumor-induced anorexia and cachexia in rats transplanted with a
      sarcoma. Tumor mass was increased in TPN-supported animals compared to orally-fed
      controls. Tumor composition (water, fat, nitrogen) was similar in all tumors.
      Host carcass mass in tumor-bearing (TB) animals was increased by TPN as compared
      to orally-fed TB controls, but not to the same extent as in orally-fed or TPN
      supported nontumor-bearing controls. Host carcass composition determinations
      demonstrated significantly increased fat content but no significant change in
      protein or water content in TB-TPN animals compared to orally-fed TB animals.
      This study demonstrates increased tumor growth and increased host carcass fat
      stores secondary to TPN.

PMID- 6421256
TI  - Weighted criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The preliminary American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for classification
      of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evaluated for sensitivity and
      specificity in 87 patients with SLE and 73 without SLE from a rheumatology
      population. Using these data, Bayes' theorem was employed to weight the criteria
      so that a scoring system could be developed, allowing more accurate use of the
      criteria in diagnosis. Combinations of serologic test results were evaluated in a
      similar manner. Comparison of weighted scores with criteria counts showed greater
      sensitivity and specificity of the former whether the 1971 or modified 1982 ARA
      criteria were used. Weighted criteria may be more useful in clearly defining
      patient populations for studies of SLE.

PMID- 6421257
TI  - Gonococcal inguinal lymphadenitis.
AB  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an unusual cause of inguinal lymphadenitis. We describe
      herein a male patient with no evidence of urogenital or extragenital gonococcal
      infection who had bacteriologically proved lymphadenitis secondary to N
      gonorrhoeae. We were unable to elucidate the pathogenesis of this entity, but
      concluded that urethral, rectal, and pharyngeal cultures for gonorrhea should be
      included in the evaluation of sexually active persons with adenitis of uncertain
      etiology even in the absence of urogenital or extragenital symptoms or findings.

PMID- 6421258
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin in transfusion therapy for severe anemia. Association
      with congestive heart failure.
AB  - The risk of aggravated heart failure due to expanded blood volume and augmented
      left-ventricular filling pressure poses a challenge when transfusion is indicated
      by severe anemia complicating congestive heart failure. Intravenous (IV)
      nitroglycerin therapy produces a favorable redistribution of circulating blood
      volume and may be used to surmount these hemodynamic constraints during
      transfusion. In four patients with severe anemia and cardiac failure, IV
      nitroglycerin permitted rapid and large-volume blood transfusion without
      compromising cardiac function. In two of the four patients, recalcitrant unstable
      angina abated after the correction of anemia.

PMID- 6421259
TI  - Klebsiella ozaenae in a patient with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - For a 3 1/2-year period, a mucoid strain of Klebsiella ozaenae supplanted the
      growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the respiratory tract of a patient with
      cystic fibrosis. He showed no clinical signs of ozena. While the patient was
      colonized with K ozaenae, his pulmonary status essentially remained unchanged.
      However, his clinical condition deteriorated rapidly when P aeruginosa
      colonization again became predominant.

PMID- 6421260
TI  - Different polysaccharides in the external layers (capsule and slime) of the cell
      envelope of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata Sp11.
AB  - Two different acidic polysaccharides (I and II) were detected in the external
      cell envelope layers (slime and capsule) of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata Sp11.
      Polysaccharide I contains rhamnose, fucose, glucosamine and an unknown acidic
      sugar, it represents the slime material of the strain. Polysaccharide II contains
      rhamnose, galactose, 3-amino-3,6-dideoxygalactose, an unknown amino sugar and
      galacturonic acid, it represents very likely the capsule of R. capsulata Sp11.
      Polysaccharide I has a serological specificity different from that of
      polysaccharide II as shown by immunoprecipitation using antisera against living
      cells. Polysaccharide II, but not polysaccharide I, reacts in antiserum against
      heat-treated cells (100 degrees C, 2.5 h). Whole cells are agglutinated in the
      antisera against living but not in those against heat-treated cells.

PMID- 6421261
TI  - [Nosological aspects of epilepsia partialis continua in children].
AB  - Among 26 patients suffering from Epilepsia Partialis Continua, 2 major groups
      were observed. The first, resulting from a fixed lesion of the rolandic area,
      showed electro-clinical correlation of seizures; the latter disappeared during
      sleep; clinical and radiological follow-up failed to disclose any worsening of
      the cerebral lesion. The second group was characterized by progressive mental and
      motor deterioration, lack of electro-clinical correlation of fits, persistence of
      the latter during sleep and frank increase of cerebral atrophy observed on serial
      neuroradiological examinations. This easily recognized group seems to result from
      a progressive inflammatory disease of unknown cause.

PMID- 6421262
TI  - Carbamazepine and lithium carbonate synergism in mania.

PMID- 6421263
TI  - Astrocytic tumors of the retina. Differentiation of sporadic tumors from
      phakomatosis-associated tumors.
AB  - A single, 1.3-cm, intraocular tumor, composed of interlacing, spindle-shaped
      astrocytes, involved the retina and optic disc of a 13-month-old girl. Neither
      the patient nor her family had stigmas of a phakomatosis. We found 42 previous
      cases of histologically documented astrocytic tumors of the retina. Twenty-four
      patients (57%) had tuberous sclerosis, six patients (14%) had neurofibromatosis,
      and 12 patients (29%) were otherwise normal. Patients with tuberous sclerosis
      usually had multiple, peripheral, retinal tumors containing giant "astrocytes."
      Patients with neurofibromatosis and otherwise normal patients more frequently had
      disc-based tumors. However, three patients (50%) with neurofibromatosis had
      multiple tumors, whereas multiplicity occurred in only one of the patients in the
      sporadic group. We conclude that if the tumor is single, is disc based, and lacks
      giant cells, the patient is not at great risk of tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 6421264
TI  - Increased susceptibility to infection related to extent of burn injury.
AB  - A model of burn wound sepsis in which the mortality caused by infection was
      significantly greater after a 60% total body surface area (TBSA) burn than after
      a 30% TBSA burn was developed in the rat. In rats that sustained a 60% TBSA burn
      (30% partial plus 30% full thickness), the 30% TBSA partial-thickness burn that
      was inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 59-1244 developed invasive
      wound infection (greater 10(5) colony-forming units per gram of tissue).
      Infection did not develop in rats that had a 30% TBSA partial-thickness burn
      inoculated, without additional injury. The additional burn in the rats with a 60%
      TBSA burn seemed to affect the development of infection in the partial-thickness
      wound and the overall outcome by a mechanism other than by infection of the full
      thickness wound itself. Autopsy confirmed that mortality was caused by sepsis.

PMID- 6421265
TI  - Topical chlorhexidine diphosphanilate (WP-973) in burn wound sepsis.
AB  - We studied the diphosphanilate salt of chlorhexidine (WP-973), as a 2% cream, for
      therapeutic activity in two rat models of fatal burn wound infection. Control
      treatments were infection and placebo cream; infection only; infection and 1%
      sulfadiazine silver; and burning only. Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or
      Proteus mirabilis was tested in surface-inoculated rats with 20% scalds.
      Treatments were initiated 24 hours or four hours, respectively, after
      inoculation. Pseudomonas-infected rats were treated once a day for ten days.
      Proteus-infected rats were treated once a day for five days. In these
      experimental models, chlorhexidine diphosphanilate was equal to silver
      sulfadiazine, an established topical chemotherapeutic agent. In vitro activity
      was examined using bacteremia isolates from 65 burned patients. Using agar
      diffusion trench plates, chlorhexidine diphosphanilate was active against all
      strains. No evidence of cross-resistance between sulfonamide and chlorhexidine
      diphosphanilate or its components was observed.

PMID- 6421266
TI  - Mixed infections with tick-borne viruses in a seabird colony in Eire.
AB  - Viruses were isolated from 2 tick species collected from the nesting areas of
      seabirds on Great Saltee Island, Eire. Bunyaviruses of the Uukuniemi serogroup
      were isolated from hard ticks (Ixodes uriae and I. rothschildi), bunyaviruses of
      the Hughes serogroup from soft ticks (Ornithodoros maritimus), and orbiviruses of
      the Kemerovo serogroup from I. uriae and O. maritimus. The results indicate that
      the bunyaviruses, but not the orbiviruses, show "tick specificity". Neutralising
      activity against members of all 3 serogroups was detected in sera from chicks in
      the nesting areas; neutralising antibodies were probably maternal.

PMID- 6421267
TI  - Permucosal needle drainage of peritonsillar abscesses. A five-year experience.
AB  - Forty-one patients with proved peritonsillar abscesses were treated during a five
      year period with needle aspiration as the sole initial surgical treatment. Ninety
      percent (37/41) of the patients' abscesses resolved without further invasive
      therapy. All but two of the patients were treated as outpatients. Fifty percent
      (21/41) of the patients were treated by nonotolaryngologists. These data indicate
      that outpatient needle aspiration is the simplest, most cost-effective therapy
      for peritonsillar abscess.

PMID- 6421268
TI  - Radiotherapy Centre opens at St. Andrew's.

PMID- 6421269
TI  - Retrospective study of alkali burns of the eye.
AB  - This report examines the epidemiology, management and morbidity of 159 cases of
      alkali burns of the eye admitted to The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from
      1972 to 1981. It was intended to use this as a basis for future accurate
      assessment and management of this problem. Grading of burns on information
      provided within the histories was according to Hughes' classification as modified
      by Ballen. Aspects examined were type of alkali, nature of accident, treatment,
      complications and follow-up. Results showed that the majority of burns were grade
      1 or 2; only a few grade 1 and slightly more grade 2 burn patients suffered any
      complications, and none of these resulted in loss of vision. All patients with
      grade 3 and 4 burns suffered severe complications. It would appear that grade 3
      and 4 burns need a more specific and energetic plan of treatment. Lime was the
      most common agent, and the largest group involved comprised male workers who
      suffered injuries at work. On the basis of the findings of the study the
      following points are raised: (i) a protocol for future study is suggested; (ii)
      there is a need for a more discriminate use of EDTA; (iii) do grade 1 burns
      require hospital admission?; (iv) treatment of grade 3 and 4 burns is still
      unsatisfactory; (v) the public must be made aware of the existing dangers of
      alkali burns and their prevention.

PMID- 6421270
TI  - Courtship of young males is ubiquitous in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6421271
TI  - The clinical pathology of intravascular coagulation.
AB  - A variety of mechanisms may cause intravascular coagulation. Fibrinolysis is
      nearly always secondary to the initial clotting. In the acute form, ICF is
      characterized by depletion of platelets and several coagulation factors together
      with active fibrinolysis. There is a decrease in Factors V and VIII because they
      are sensitive to coagulation. The stable coagulation factors may be decreased as
      well because after activation they are removed from the circulation by the liver
      and reticuloendothelial system. Severe bleeding is the usual accompaniment of the
      acute syndrome, which may also occur in cancer and infection of all types. The
      acute syndrome may also occur in prolonged, extensive operations, after
      transfusion of incompatible blood, heat stroke, acute injury, certain snake
      bites, and with the administration of certain drugs. The chronic syndrome of
      intravascular coagulation is much more common and is associated with many
      diseases, including collagen diseases or immune diseases and malignancy. Many
      patients with chronic intravascular coagulation have normal or even increased
      levels of coagulation factors, and these patients have no unusual bleeding. The
      diagnosis depends on the demonstration of circulating complex of "soluble" fibrin
      revealed by the ethanol gel and protamine sulfate gelation tests. The secondary
      fibrinolysis results in elevation of FSP. Many laboratories are investigating the
      use of other procedures in the diagnosis of intravascular coagulation, including
      fibrinopeptides A and B, the VIII:C VIIIR:AG ratio, antithrombin III, PF 4, beta
      thromboglobulin, D dimer, urinary FSP, and fibrinogen chromatography.

PMID- 6421272
TI  - The kinin-forming enzyme system in pregnancy and obstetrical DIC.
AB  - Levels of prekallikrein and HMW kininogen that had increased during pregnancy
      decreased with start of labor. The role of the kinin-forming system with oxytocin
      in the mechanism of labor was suggested from the results of decreased
      prekallikrein and HMW kininogen, appearance of a free kallikrein-like enzyme
      during labor, and from the case of arrested labor in which both prekallikrein and
      HMW kininogen were markedly decreased. Prekallikrein was markedly decreased in
      patients with acute obstetrical DIC and severe toxemia of pregnancy. The
      excessive activation of prekallikrein in DIC seemed to be of help for
      understanding such clinical signs as shock, abnormal labor, and increased
      permeability in obstetrical DIC.

PMID- 6421273
TI  - Diagnosis of DIC in newborn infants.
AB  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs most frequently during the
      newborn period. Some clinical and laboratory criteria are available for the
      diagnosis of DIC in adults. However, they are not necessarily applicable in the
      diagnosis of DIC in newborn infants since the physiological state of coagulation
      during the newborn period differs from that in adults. We therefore reviewed 74
      cases of DIC in newborns, including 34 cases at our own newborn care units.
      Criteria for the diagnosis of DIC in newborn infants were established.

PMID- 6421274
TI  - A histological study on microthrombi in autopsy cases of DIC.
AB  - Microthrombi in 43 untreated and 26 treated cases of DIC were studied
      histologically and immunohistochemically. In the untreated cases, four types of
      microthrombi (intraluminal microthrombi with or without fibroblastic and/or
      smooth muscle cell reaction) were identified. Microthrombi in the former three
      types showed various degrees of thrombolysis. Failure of thrombolysis seemed to
      lead the organization of microthrombi. These morphological findings were
      considered to indicate the course of DIC and the degree of disappearance of the
      microthrombi in DIC. Microthrombi in the hepatic sinusoids and glomerular
      capillaries were studied with special reference to the removal processes of the
      microthrombi. Pathogenesis of renal cortical necrosis in DIC was also discussed.
      The number of microthrombi was markedly decreased by heparin and gabexate
      mesilate treatment. The incidences of microthrombi in the liver, kidney, lung,
      and heart were compared in the two treated groups.

PMID- 6421275
TI  - Purine biosynthesis de novo in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Purine biosynthesis by the 'de novo' pathway was demonstrated in isolated rat
      extensor digitorum longus muscle with [1-14C]glycine, [3-14C]serine and sodium
      [14C]formate as nucleotide precursors. Evidence is presented which suggests that
      the source of glycine and serine for purine biosynthesis is extracellular rather
      than intracellular. The relative incorporation rates of the three precursors were
      formate greater than glycine greater than serine. Over 85% of the label from
      formate and glycine was recovered in the adenine nucleotides, principally ATP.
      Azaserine markedly inhibited purine biosynthesis from both formate and glycine.
      Cycloserine inhibited synthesis from serine, but not from formate. Adenine,
      hypoxanthine and adenosine markedly inhibited purine synthesis from sodium
      [14C]formate.

PMID- 6421276
TI  - Glycosylation of proteins from sugar nucleotides by whole cells. Effect of
      ammonium chloride treatment on mouse thymocytes.
AB  - When thymocytes are treated with iso-osmotic NH4Cl, the sugar incorporation into
      endogenous acceptors from labelled sugar nucleotides is largely increased
      compared with that in control thymocytes. This effect was obtained with labelled
      GDP-mannose, UDP-galactose and CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The stimulation
      observed with NH4Cl-treated thymocytes does not involve the glycosylation of
      exogenous acceptors, and it was proved that the NH4Cl treatment (1) does not
      stimulate glycosyltransferase activities themselves, (2) does not lead to the
      release of soluble glycosyltransferases as the result of an extensive lysis of
      the thymocytes and (3) does not cause the emergence of glycosyltransferases at
      the cell surface. In fact, electron-microscopy observations showed that, although
      marked changes had occurred in the cytoplasm, the plasma membrane is sufficiently
      maintained to allow the cell to keep roughly its original shape and to retain the
      intracellular vesicles. We thus demonstrate that this stimulation is due to an
      enhancement of the entry of sugar nucleotides into the cell. As demonstrated by
      the inclusion of Trypan Blue within the cells, and the non-stimulation of
      glycosylation of exogenous large-molecular-mass acceptors, the effect of NH4Cl
      seems to be limited to the penetration of small-molecular-sized compounds through
      the plasma membrane. Thus NH4Cl treatment allows the labelled sugar nucleotides
      to penetrate the cell and to behave as the cellular pool to be utilized for
      glycosylation by intracellular vesicles.

PMID- 6421277
TI  - Abnormal type I collagen metabolism by cultured fibroblasts in lethal perinatal
      osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from seven consecutive cases of lethal perinatal
      osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) expressed defects of type I collagen metabolism. The
      secretion of [14C]proline-labelled collagen by the OI cells was specifically
      reduced (51-79% of control), and collagen degradation was increased to twice that
      of control cells in five cases and increased by approx. 30% in the other two
      cases. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that
      four of the OI cell lines produced two forms of type I collagen consisting of
      both normally and slowly migrating forms of the alpha 1(I)- and alpha 2(I)
      chains. In the other three OI cell lines only the 'slow' alpha (I)'- and alpha
      2(I)'-chains were detected. In both groups inhibition of the post-translational
      modifications of proline and lysine resulted in the production of a single
      species of type I collagen with normal electrophoretic migration. Proline
      hydroxylation was normal, but the hydroxylysine contents of alpha 1(I)'- and
      alpha 2(I)'-chains purified by h.p.l.c. were greater than in control alpha
      chains. The glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine content was increased approx. 3-fold
      while the galactosylhydroxylysine content was only slightly increased in the
      alpha 1(I)'-chains relative to control alpha 1(I)-chains. Peptide mapping of the
      CNBr-cleavage peptides provided evidence that the increased post-translational
      modifications were distributed throughout the alpha 1(I)'- and alpha 2(I)'
      chains. It is postulated that the greater modification of these chains was due to
      structural defects of the alpha-chains leading to delayed helix formation. The
      abnormal charge heterogeneity observed in the alpha 1 CB8 peptide of one patient
      may reflect such a structural defect in the type I collagen molecule.

PMID- 6421278
TI  - Proportion of active dephosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in heart and
      isolated heart mitochondria is decreased in obese hyperinsulinaemic mice.
AB  - The proportion of active, dephosphorylated, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was
      decreased in the mouse heart by obesity (by 56%), and this decrease in enzyme
      activity persisted during preparation and extraction of heart mitochondria.
      Phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase may be a major factor
      in mediating the inhibitory effects of obesity on glucose oxidation in muscle,
      and this may represent an important mechanism in the development and/or
      expression of cellular insulin-resistance.

PMID- 6421279
TI  - Studies of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin M class was produced against mouse
      kidney ornithine decarboxylase. Screening for the antibody was carried out using
      alpha-difluoromethyl[5-3H]ornithine-labelled ornithine decarboxylase. The
      antibody reacted with this antigen and with native ornithine decarboxylase. The
      antibody attached to Sepharose could be used to form an immunoaffinity column
      that retained mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. The active enzyme could then be
      eluted in a highly purified form by 1.0M-sodium thiocyanate. The monoclonal
      antibody could also be used to precipitate labelled ornithine decarboxylase from
      homogenates of kidneys from androgen-treated mice given [35S]methionine. Only one
      band, corresponding to Mr of about 55000, was observed. The extensive labelling
      of this band is consistent with the rapid turnover of ornithine decarboxylase
      protein, since this enzyme represents only about 1 part in 10000 of the cytosolic
      protein.

PMID- 6421280
TI  - Hydrazinolysis of heparin and other glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - Heparin, carboxy-group-reduced heparin, several sulphated monosaccharides and
      disaccharides formed from heparin, and a tetrasaccharide prepared from
      chondroitin sulphate were treated at 100 degrees C with hydrazine containing 1%
      hydrazine sulphate for periods sufficient to cause complete N-deacetylation of
      the N-acetylhexosamine residues. Under these hydrazinolysis conditions both the N
      sulphate and the O-sulphate substituents on these compounds were completely
      stable. However, the uronic acid residues were converted into their hydrazide
      derivatives at rates that depended on the uronic acid structures. Unsubstituted L
      iduronic acid residues reacted much more slowly than did unsubstituted D
      glucuronic acid or 2-O-sulphated L-iduronic acid residues. The chemical
      modification of the carboxy groups resulted in a low rate of C-5 epimerization of
      the uronic acid residues. The hydrazinolysis reaction also caused a partial
      depolymerization of heparin but not of carboxy-group-reduced heparin. Treatment
      of the hydrazinolysis products with HNO2 at either pH 4 or pH 1.5 or with HIO3
      converted the uronic acid hydrazides back into uronic acid residues. The use of
      the hydrazinolysis reaction in studies of the structures of uronic acid
      containing polymers and the implications of the uronic acid hydrazide formation
      are discussed.

PMID- 6421281
TI  - The purification and properties of cathepsin L from rabbit liver.
AB  - Cathepsin L was purified from rabbit liver by a method involving whole-tissue
      homogenization, pH precipitation, ammonium sulphate fractionation and
      chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, phenyl-Sepharose and Sephadex G-75. Pure
      enzyme was obtained without the necessity of laborious subcellular fractionation
      techniques. The Mr of the enzyme was determined to be 29 000 by gel filtration,
      and affinity for concanavalin A-Sepharose indicated that it was a glycoprotein. A
      novel technique for detection of enzyme activity in agarose isoelectrofocusing
      gels showed that the enzyme existed in multiple isoenzymic forms with pI values
      ranging from 5.0 to 5.9. The enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of azocasein,
      collagen and Z-Phe-Arg-NMec (where Z and NMec indicate benzyloxycarbonyl and N
      methylcoumarin derivative respectively) optimally at pH 5.2, 3.3 and 6.0
      respectively. In addition, cathepsin L was found to degrade benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg
      NMec and 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Phe-Lys-NMec. However, cathepsin B also cleaved
      all of these substrates. One major difference between these two enzymes was in
      their Michaelis constants for Z-Phe-Arg-NMec; cathepsin B had Km 75 microM
      whereas that of cathepsin L was 0.7 microM. Cathepsin L was inhibited by all of
      the usual chemical inhibitors of thiol proteinases as well as the more specific
      inhibitors Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2, Z-Phe-Ala-CHN2, compound E-64 and compound Ep-475.
      Active-site titration with compound E-64 showed that the purified sample
      contained 80% active protein, which had kcat. 20s-1 for the substrate Z-Phe-Arg
      NMec. Antibodies were raised to active cathepsin L, and these did not cross-react
      with cathepsin B, thus demonstrating that these two enzymes are immunologically
      distinct.

PMID- 6421282
TI  - Domain structure and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
      of Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus was treated
      with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, causing cleavage of the
      dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase polypeptide chain (apparent Mr 57 000),
      inhibition of the enzymic activity and disassembly of the complex. Fragments of
      the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chains with apparent Mr 28 000, which
      contained the acetyltransferase activity, remained assembled as a particle
      ascribed the role of an inner core of the complex. The lipoic acid residue of
      each dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chain was found as part of a small but
      stable domain that, unlike free lipoamide, was able still to function as a
      substrate for reductive acetylation by pyruvate in the presence of intact enzyme
      complex or isolated pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) component. The lipoyl
      domain was acidic and had an apparent Mr of 6500 (by sedimentation equilibrium),
      7800 (by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis) and 10 000
      and 20 400 (by gel filtration in the presence and in the absence respectively of
      6M-guanidinium chloride). 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy of the dihydrolipoamide
      acetyltransferase inner core demonstrated that it did not contain the segments of
      highly mobile polypeptide chain found in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. 1H
      n.m.r. spectroscopy of the lipoyl domain demonstrated that it had a stable and
      defined tertiary structure. From these and other experiments, a model of the
      dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chain is proposed in which the small, folded,
      lipoyl domain comprises the N-terminal region, and the large, folded, core
      forming domain that contains the acetyltransferase active site comprises the C
      terminal region. These two regions are separated by a third segment of the chain,
      which includes a substantial region of polypeptide chain that enjoys high
      conformational mobility and facilitates movement of the lipoyl domain between the
      various active sites in the enzyme complex.

PMID- 6421283
TI  - Ca2+-binding protein from human kidney. Purification and properties.
AB  - A Ca2+-binding protein (CaBP) from human kidney was purified by two different
      procedures. The first involved heat-precipitation of a kidney cytosol fraction
      followed by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. This resulted in a 200-fold
      increase in the specific Ca2+-binding activity with a yield of 10%. A specific
      antibody was raised against the purified CaBP, as demonstrated by one precipitate
      in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of a kidney cytosol fraction. The antibody was
      coupled to Sepharose 4B and CaBP was then purified by immunoadsorbent
      chromatography. Applying this technique, a 500-fold purification of CaBP with a
      yield of 50% was obtained. Both preparations appeared homogeneous in crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis against a polyvalent antiserum and migrated as a single
      band corresponding to a mol.wt. of 26000 on sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In gel filtration under non
      denaturing conditions CaBP was eluted corresponding to a mol.wt. of 28000. The
      association constant for the high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites of CaBP was
      estimated by gel filtration to be 0.1 X 10(6)M-1, and the protein displayed Ca2+
      dependent electrophoretic mobility, with more rapid anodic migration in the
      presence of EDTA. The protein eluted at a position corresponding to a pI of 4.5
      in chromatofocusing. Immunochemical experiments with the specific antibody showed
      no cross-reaction between renal and intestinal CaBP.

PMID- 6421284
TI  - An improved procedure, involving mass spectrometry, for N-terminal amino acid
      sequence determination of proteins which are N alpha-blocked.
AB  - A modification to a previously described procedure [Gray & del Valle (1970)
      Biochemistry 9, 2134-2137; Rose, Simona & Offord (1983) Biochem. J. 215, 261-272]
      for mass-spectral identification of the N-terminal regions of proteins is shown
      to be useful in cases where the N-terminus is blocked. Three proteins were
      studied: vesicular-stomatitis-virus N protein, Sendai-virus NP protein, and a
      rabbit immunoglobulin lambda-light chain. These proteins, found to be blocked at
      the N-terminus with either the acetyl group or a pyroglutamic acid residue, had
      all failed to yield to attempted Edman degradation, in one case even after
      attempted enzymic removal of the pyroglutamic acid residue. The N-terminal
      regions of all three proteins were sequenced by using the new procedure.

PMID- 6421285
TI  - Rat liver Golgi galactosyltransferases. Distinct enzymes for glycolipid and
      glycoprotein acceptor substrates.
AB  - Two enzymes that catalyse the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to GM2
      ganglioside were partially purified from rat liver Golgi membranes. These
      preparations, designated enzyme I (basic) and enzyme II (acidic), utilized as
      acceptors GM2 ganglioside and asialo GM2 ganglioside as well as ovalbumin,
      desialodegalactofetuin, desialodegalacto-orosomucoid, desialo bovine submaxillary
      mucin and GM2 oligosaccharide. Enzyme II catalysed disaccharide synthesis in the
      presence of the monosaccharide acceptors N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylgalactosamine. The affinity adsorbent alpha-lactalbumin-agarose, which did
      not retard GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase, was used to remove most or all
      of galactosyltransferase activity towards glycoprotein and monosaccharide
      acceptors from the extracted Golgi preparation. After treatment of the extracted
      Golgi preparation with alpha-lactalbumin-agarose, enzyme I and enzyme II GM2
      ganglioside galactosyltransferase activities, prepared by using DEAE-Sepharose
      chromatography, were distinguishable from transferase activity towards GM2
      oligosaccharide and glycoproteins by the criterion of thermolability. This
      residual galactosyltransferase activity towards glycoprotein substrates was also
      shown to be distinct from GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase in both enzyme
      preparations I and II by the absence of competition between the two acceptor
      substrates. The two types of transferase activities could be further
      distinguished by their response to the presence of the protein effector alpha
      lactalbumin. GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase was stimulated in the presence
      of alpha-lactalbumin, whereas the transferase activity towards
      desialodegalactofetuin was inhibited in the presence of this protein. The results
      of purification studies, comparison of thermolability properties and competition
      analysis suggested the presence of a minimum of five galactosyltransferase
      species in the Golgi extract. Five peaks of galactosyltransferase activity were
      resolved by isoelectric focusing. Two of these peaks (pI 8.6 and 6.3) catalysed
      transfer of galactose to GM2 ganglioside, and three peaks (pI 8.1, 6.8 and 6.3)
      catalysed transfer to glycoprotein acceptors.

PMID- 6421286
TI  - Multiple electrophoretic variants of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase as expression of
      the enzyme aging. Effects of H2O2, ascorbate and metal ions.
AB  - Multiple electrophoretic bands, with RF identical to the natural molecular
      variants, are produced by treatment of purified Cu, Zn Superoxide dismutase with
      either H2O2 or ascorbate plus Fe(III) EDTA. The ascorbate reaction is also due to
      H2O2 since it is inhibited by catalase. However while H2O2 inactivates the
      enzyme, the electromorphs produced by ascorbate-Fe(III) EDTA have only slightly
      less activity than the native enzyme and this property parallels the natural
      situation. It is concluded that oxidative aging can be responsible for the
      multiple molecular variants of the natural enzyme, under conditions where the
      oxidant attack is preferentially directed to amino acid side chains outside the
      active site. Such conditions may occur when a metal ion coordinated to the
      protein surface undergoes a redox cycle with biological reductants, like
      ascorbate.

PMID- 6421287
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the bovine hypothalamic growth hormone
      releasing factor.
AB  - A 44 amino acid peptide with high intrinsic growth hormone releasing activity was
      isolated from 500 bovine hypothalami by means of acid extraction, immunoaffinity
      chromatography, gel filtration, and two steps of reverse phase HPLC. The growth
      hormone releasing factor was structurally characterized by gas phase sequence
      analysis. Reverse phase liquid chromatography of the native peptide and synthetic
      replicates showed that the molecule possesses an amide rather than a free acid at
      its carboxyl terminus. The structure of the peptide was established as: Tyr Ala
      Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala -Arg-Lys-Leu
      Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Asn-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Arg-Asn-Gln -Gly-Ala-Lys-Val-Arg-Leu
      NH2 using approximately 2 nmol of material.

PMID- 6421288
TI  - Antibodies to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal end of mouse
      gamma interferon (IFN gamma).
AB  - Antibodies to an N-terminal synthetic peptide of mouse gamma interferon (MoIFN
      gamma) neutralized the antiviral activity of MoIFN gamma but not MoIFN
      alpha/beta, human IFN alpha (HuIFN alpha), HuIFN beta or cynomologus monkey IFN
      gamma (CynIFN gamma). Comparatively, antibodies to mouse N-terminal synthetic
      peptide showed only 10% reciprocal cross-reactivity in neutralization tests
      against heterologous HuIFN gamma and 13% cross-reactivity in the ELISA test
      against Hu N-terminal peptide. The predetermined specificity of these antibodies
      make them powerful tools for studying antigenic relatedness and biological
      properties of IFN gamma s.

PMID- 6421289
TI  - Antibody responses elicited by a polyvalent vaccine containing synthetic
      diphtheric, streptococcal and hepatitis peptides coupled to the same carrier.
AB  - Three synthetic peptides copying fragments of the diphtheria toxin, the M protein
      of the streptococcus type 24 and the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) have
      been conjugated together to the tetanus toxoid. This polyvalent vaccine has been
      administered to mice. High antibody titers were obtained against the three
      antigens. No cross-reactivity could be observed between them as demonstrated by
      the ability of each peptide to inhibit only the antibodies against the natural M
      protein and the synthetic M protein peptide indicated that the avidity of the
      antibodies raised against a monovalent streptococcal vaccine were identical to
      those raised following injection of the polyvalent vaccine. Antibodies raised
      against the polyvalent streptococcal vaccine were also protective as shown by
      opsonophagocytic assays.

PMID- 6421290
TI  - The appearance of phospholipase activity in the human macrophage-like cell line
      U937 during dimethyl sulfoxide induced differentiation.
AB  - The human histiocyte cell line, U937, with monocyte characteristics, can be
      induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells when exposed to growth medium
      containing 1.5% DMSO. Following three days of exposure, DMSO-treated but not
      control U937 cells can be stimulated to release endogenous arachidonic acid from
      their phospholipids. Maximum release of the unsaturated fatty acid occurs with 10
      microM calcium ionophore in the presence but not in the absence of exogenously
      added calcium ion. In addition, DMSO-treated but not control U937 cells exhibit
      phospholipase activity when exposed to human IgG and then anti-human
      immunoglobulin. These data suggest that with respect to arachidonic acid
      metabolism U937 cells differentiate into functional macrophage-like cells when
      exposed to DMSO.

PMID- 6421291
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome in MRL/l and MRL/n mice.
AB  - Six autoimmune murine models (MRL/l, MRL/n, NZB, NZB/NZW, PN, C57BL/6J-lpr/lpr)
      were compared with normal control C57BL/6J and DBA/2 mice to determine if
      spontaneous autoimmune disease was associated with evidence of Sjogren's
      syndrome. Schirmer tests documented dry eyes in NZB/NZW and PN mice; other
      autoimmune strains and controls had normal tear formation. All autoimmune mice
      had conjunctivitis, but this abnormality was most severe in the PN strain. Ninety
      eight percent of MRL/l and MRL/n mice had mononuclear cell infiltrates in
      lacrimal glands, and salivary glands were involved to a lesser degree. New
      Zealand mice and PN mice had smaller gland lesions. The extensive gland
      destruction in MRL/l and MRL/n mice suggested that these substrains merit further
      studies as animal models of Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 6421292
TI  - The importance of tissue substrate in the SS-A/Ro antigen-antibody system.
AB  - Using highly monospecific anti-SS-A containing sera and specific antibody to SS-A
      antigen dissociated from immune precipitates, tissue sections and cell culture
      lines were evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique to determine
      the intracellular location, tissue distribution, and species specificity of the
      SS-A/Ro antigen. The SS-A/Ro antigen is predominantly a nuclear antigen giving an
      immunofluorescence staining pattern of discrete nuclear speckles. The SS-A/Ro
      antigen is present in a wide variety of human tissue, including kidney and liver
      parenchymal cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelioid cells. However, the
      SS-A/Ro antigen does appear to have a variable species distribution, with
      significant quantities of the antigen detected by immunofluorescence in cells of
      human, monkey, dog, and guinea pig, but absent to low amounts detected in cells
      of mouse, rat, rabbit, hamster, and chicken.

PMID- 6421293
TI  - Hepatotoxicity with aurothioglucose therapy.

PMID- 6421294
TI  - A study of lymphocytotoxins in the sera of families of patients with rheumatoid
      disease.

PMID- 6421295
TI  - [Bioavailability of glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerin) from an ointment
      preparation].
AB  - After application of an ointment of glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerin,
      Nitrofortin; in the following briefly called GTN) the bioavailability of the
      unchanged GTN was evaluated. For that purpose a gas chromatographic/mass
      spectrometric method was employed, the only method which guarantees the
      selectivity and sensitivity necessary for this kind of studies. In this respect
      selectivity means that only the unchanged drug is determined and degradation
      and/or biotransformation products are measured only if needed. Considering the
      well-known tremendous inter-individual variations, which are quite common in
      studies with this compound, and the associated problems of getting statistically
      relevant data the study was performed on 12 volunteers. Detectable GTN-levels
      were obtained up to 48 h after application, maximum plasma levels (836.1 +/-
      124.2 pg/ml) were reached after 1.37 +/- 1.55 h. 12 h after application plasma
      concentrations of 154 +/- 20 pg/ml were observed which decreased to 65 +/- 13
      pg/ml after 24 h.

PMID- 6421296
TI  - Effects of telencephalic ablation on visual unit, sustained potential shift, and
      EEGs recorded from the toad tectum in response to a visual stimulus.
AB  - Extracellular recordings were made of visual unit activity, sustained potential
      shifts (SPSs), and electroencephalographic activity (EEGs) from the optic tectum
      and of EEGs from the telencephalon of immobilized toads (Bufo bufo). Moving
      visual stimuli were presented, and the bioelectric responses were monitored both
      before and after ligature of the telencephalon. The operation reduced the
      neuronal spike frequency and the amplitude of the tectal SPS and EEG responses.
      EEGs were still recorded from the tectum and even the isolated telencephalon. The
      results are discussed in relation to possible adaptive functions of SPS and EEG
      changes, the genesis of the EEG, and the role of the telencephalon in visually
      guided prey-catching behavior.

PMID- 6421297
TI  - [Calcium dependent hepatotoxicity of the ionophore A23187 studied by the
      experimental model of rat liver isolated and perfused in vitro].
AB  - Ionophore A23187, an agent that promoves Ca2+ influx into cells, significantly
      increases enzymatic leakage of AST and LDH into the medium by perfused rat
      livers. This work provides evidence that Ca2+ dependent hepatotoxicity can be
      studied conveniently in vitro whit isolated and perfused rat livers, since this
      model respects integrity of organ and duplicates many its in vivo functions.

PMID- 6421298
TI  - The changing pattern of treatment in the general dental service 1965-1981. Part 2
      -Restorative treatment and implications for the future.

PMID- 6421299
TI  - Echocardiographic features of bioprosthetic valve endocarditis.
AB  - Abnormal echocardiographic findings in seven cases of bioprosthetic valve
      endocarditis were confirmed in six at operation. The echocardiograms showed three
      cases with thickening and increased echo intensity (group 1) and four (group 2)
      in which vegetations were seen initially without either of the two features in
      group 1. Two patients in group 1 had vegetations, the causative organism being a
      streptococcus. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the causative organism in three of
      the four cases in group 2; in two of these rapidly growing vegetations were
      detected. The large vegetations obstructed the ostium of the bioprosthetic valve.
      Thus if vegetations are detected in cases in which staphylococci are the
      causative bacteria surgery should be performed as soon as possible. In patients
      who develop a fever after bioprosthetic valve replacement and especially in those
      with evident bacteraemia echocardiography should be repeated frequently so that
      lesions may be detected early.

PMID- 6421300
TI  - Detection of left atrial thrombi in man using indium-111 labelled autologous
      platelets.
AB  - A scintigraphic technique using indium-111 labelled platelets to detect left
      atrial thrombi was used in 28 patients, 14 of whom had mitral valve disease and
      14 combined valve disease. Imaging was performed in the anterior, right anterior
      oblique (45 degrees), and left lateral views on the day of injection and
      thereafter at one or two day intervals for a maximum of four days. When
      scintiphotos obtained in two or three views 72 or 96 hours after the platelet
      injection showed "hot spot areas" within the left atrial pool and indium-111
      activity in these areas did not decrease with time they were interpreted as
      positive for thrombi. Of 28 patients, seven had positive platelet images by this
      criterion; of these, three underwent surgery and were found to have left atrial
      thrombi. One patient died, and a thrombus was found at necropsy. The remaining 21
      patients had normal scintiphotos; of these, seven had no thrombi at operation and
      one had false negative images. The diagnostic accuracy of platelet scintigraphy
      by this criterion of positivity in the 12 patients in whom surgical or postmortem
      confirmation of thrombi could be obtained was 92%. These results indicate that
      this technique is a promising method for detecting active left atrial thrombi.

PMID- 6421301
TI  - Unusual vasomotor coronary arterial responses after reversal of ergonovine
      induced spasm with glyceryl trinitrate.
AB  - Unusual vasomotor responses in the coronary arteries occurred in two patients
      after the administration of glyceryl trinitrate to relieve spasm induced by
      ergonovine maleate. In one patient after treatment with glyceryl trinitrate and
      despite dilatation of the adjoining segments a new severe reduction in diameter
      occurred distally to the segments of the right coronary artery where the
      ergonovine induced spasm developed. In the other patient the left anterior
      descending artery filled very slowly after the completely occlusive spasm of the
      right coronary artery had resolved with glyceryl trinitrate though the circumflex
      did not. These vasomotor changes were associated with chest discomfort and
      electrocardiographic abnormalities in both cases. These findings indicate that
      caution is needed when performing provocative tests even after the ergonovine
      induced spasm has been reversed with glyceryl trinitrate.

PMID- 6421302
TI  - Congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle. Report of two unusual cases.
AB  - Of two infants with congenital cardiac diverticula one had a defect consisting of
      a submitral valvular diverticulum rather than the expected aneurysm. It was
      clearly shown by echocardiography as well as angiography and was associated with
      moderate mitral incompetence and a poorly functioning left ventricular wall. The
      second infant had an isolated apical left ventricular diverticulum with subnormal
      left ventricular function and severe mitral incompetence. Because of intractable
      congestive heart failure this infant underwent successful replacement of a
      dysplastic fibrotic mitral valve which on histological examination had myxomatous
      features. The association between congenital mitral disease and congenital apical
      diverticular may be related to race and sex.

PMID- 6421303
TI  - Glutathione-dependent yield and repair of single-strand DNA breaks in irradiated
      cells.
AB  - The yield and rejoining of single-strand DNA breaks (ssb) was investigated after
      irradiation of cells which were deficient in glutathione (GSH) either due to a
      genetic defect of their GSH synthetase activity, or inhibition of gamma
      glutamylcysteine synthetase activity by DL-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO). The
      results were concordant in indicating that decreased cellular GSH content is
      associated with an increased yield of ssb after anoxic, but not after aerobic
      radiation exposures. Rejoining of ssb was delayed and incomplete during a one
      hour's incubation period after oxic, but not after anoxic exposure of GSH
      deficient cells. The defective rejoining capacity of these cells was restituted
      to nearly normal by the admixture of GSH-proficient cells in the incubation
      medium.

PMID- 6421304
TI  - A colposcopic and histological study of experimental chlamydial cervicitis in
      marmosets.
AB  - A total of 14 marmosets were inoculated intra-vaginally with Chlamydia
      trachomatis and the development of genital tract disease was assessed
      microbiologically, by colposcopic examination of the cervical and vaginal mucosa
      and by cytological and histological examination of biopsy and autopsy specimens.
      Eight animals had infections which persisted microbiologically for 2-5 weeks, and
      six animals, three of which had been inoculated on multiple occasions in a
      previous study, apparently eliminated their infection within 1 week of
      inoculation. Colposcopic examination showed that four of the eight infected
      animals developed acute cervicitis characterized by erythema, occasional slight
      oedema, and the presence of cloudy or purulent cervical mucus. The other four
      infected animals showed minimal signs of cervical inflammation. Three of the six
      animals which rapidly cleared their infections developed slight cervical
      inflammation characterized by erythema and cloudy cervical mucus during the
      fortnight after inoculation. Six control animals inoculated with medium displayed
      minimal cervical changes. The diagnosis of acute cervicitis in the infected
      animals was confirmed by examination of histological sections and cervical
      smears, which revealed the presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, with
      lymphocytes occasionally being seen. Although inflammatory changes were
      occasionally noted in specimens from control animals, the changes were relatively
      mild and occurred at a later time than those seen in infected animals.
      Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusions in epithelial cells were not detected in
      any of the specimens studied. Examination of genital tract tissue obtained at
      autopsy from five inoculated animals generally showed inflammation of the cervix
      and vagina, but in only one of these animals was there evidence of endometriosis
      and salpingitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421305
TI  - The effect of vitamin E or selenium on the oxidant-antioxidant balance in rats.
AB  - Vitamin E and selenium are two components which contribute to the antioxidant
      potential of plasma and tissues. In the present study we aimed to define the type
      of tissue toxicity deriving from chronic deficiency of either vitamin E or
      selenium and to evaluate the reliability of peripheral markers of tissue toxicity
      in these conditions. We studied rats fed a vitamin E or selenium-deficient diet
      for 3 or 7 months and a selenium-supplemented diet. The effectiveness of the
      dietary treatment was confirmed by measuring vitamin E and selenium in plasma.
      Heart and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), a typical product of lipid peroxidation,
      was significantly increased after the 3-month diet in both vitamin E- and
      selenium-deficient rats. The iron-binding capacity of plasma, an activity
      ascribed to plasma transferrin, was reduced in selenium-deficient and increased
      in selenium-supplemented animals. In red cells globular resistance (resistance to
      osmotic haemolysis) was low in vitamin E- and selenium-deficient, but high in
      selenium-supplemented animals. Glutathione peroxidase was also increased in
      selenium-supplemented rats. Platelet count did not differ from controls in any of
      the three conditions studied. Platelet MDA formation induced by arachidonic acid
      was raised in both selenium-deficient and, particularly, vitamin E-deficient
      groups. This can be regarded as a peripheral marker of reduced antioxidant
      defence at tissue level.

PMID- 6421306
TI  - The effect of corticosteroids, dapsone and gold upon plasminogen activator
      synthesis and secretion by human epidermal cells cultured with pemphigus
      antibody.
AB  - Human epidermal cells were cultured with pemphigus antibody in the presence of
      hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, dapsone and gold.
      Hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone reduced the production of the enzyme
      plasminogen activator but dapsone and gold had no effect. These results support
      the hypothesis that corticosteroids have dual effects on pemphigus through
      inhibition of plasminogen activator production by epidermal cells and suppression
      of pemphigus antibody production by B lymphocytes.

PMID- 6421307
TI  - Evidence that the IgA in patients with linear IgA disease is qualitatively
      different from that of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - A previous study using immunofluorescent techniques showed J-chain to be present
      in the uninvolved skin of patients with papillary IgA dermatitis herpetiformis
      (DH) in a distribution that was coextensive with the IgA. This implied that the
      IgA was dimeric and of mucosal origin. In this study, fifteen patients with
      papillary IgA deposits, fifteen with homogeneous-linear (HL) IgA deposits and
      four patients with granular-linear (GL) IgA deposits were tested for the presence
      of in vivo bound J-chain. All fifteen patients with papillary IgA deposits and
      all four with GL IgA deposits had J-chain staining coextensive with the IgA.
      However, only one of fifteen patients with HL IgA deposits demonstrated in vivo
      bound J-chain that could not be accounted for by coexisting IgM deposits. These
      findings indicate that the IgA in patients with HL deposits is qualitatively
      different from that in patients with papillary and GL IgA deposits and makes the
      distinction between the two types of linear fluorescence particularly important.

PMID- 6421308
TI  - Rapid platelet morphological changes visualized by scanning-electron microscopy:
      kinetics derived from a quenched-flow approach.
AB  - Platelet activation is accompanied by distinct morphological changes from disc
      shaped cells to more rounded particles with multiple blebs or psuedopodia. A
      quenched-flow approach has been used to follow the kinetics and nature of these
      morphological events. Scanning-electron micrographs revealed very rapid
      alterations in platelet shape. At 0.5 S after activation with ADP or thrombin,
      the number of resting disc-shaped particles was nearly halved and short blebbed
      forms were maximal at 0.5 S. By 1.7 S about 60% of particles were in fully
      activated or multiple-blebbed form. The calcium ionophore A-23187 caused slightly
      slower effects. Adrenalin was much less potent, with about 14% of platelets
      becoming fully activated by 10 S. Control experiments showed only small changes
      in particle morphology when unactivated platelets were pumped through the
      reaction tubing and then quenched in glutaraldehyde. The resistive volume of
      platelets increased by 0.42 fl at 0.5 S after ADP stimulation and was essentially
      independent of variations in particle shape. These results show that the quenched
      flow approach can provide new information about platelet function and that
      morphological changes begin earlier than previously thought.

PMID- 6421309
TI  - Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism in classical galactosaemia: evidence for
      defective oogenesis. Case report.

PMID- 6421310
TI  - Ketonuria during labour.

PMID- 6421311
TI  - Clinical and experimental studies with a resorbable transosseous ligature.
AB  - Transosseous wire ligatures are used to oppose bone fragments during healing.
      Thereafter, such ligatures serve no function, and either remain permanently in
      the tissues or are removed by a second surgical procedure. This paper reports
      clinical and experimental studies with polydioxanone (PDS--Ethicon Ltd.), on the
      basis of which it is introduced as an alternative to stainless steel wire in some
      cases of transosseous fixation.

PMID- 6421312
TI  - In vitro biosynthesis of plasminogen in a cell-free system directed by mRNA
      fractions isolated from monkey liver.
AB  - mRNA was isolated from total RNA of monkey liver by oligo(dT)-cellulose
      chromatography and was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system.
      Analysis of the translation products immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies
      to monkey plasma plasminogen revealed a molecule with characteristics similar to
      those of native plasminogen. The purification of the mRNA by centrifugation on
      sucrose gradients indicated the presence of plasminogen mRNAs in both the 23S and
      18S RNA fractions. Both plasminogen mRNAs can be further purified by
      chromatography on Sepharose 4B. Affinity chromatography of the proteins
      synthesized in vitro by total mRNA from liver, as well as by the purified mRNAs,
      on L-lysine-substituted Sepharose revealed that both major plasma plasminogen
      forms (1 and 2) are synthesized, as precursors, in the system. The in vitro
      synthesized plasminogen is similar in its physical and chemical properties to
      native plasma plasminogen as determined by its ability to bind to L-lysine
      substituted Sepharose and its molecular interaction with streptokinase. The
      purified mRNAs were also translated in the presence of dog pancreas microsomal
      membranes, and and fractionated on concanavalin A-Sepharose. The 23S mRNA
      directed the synthesis of a plasminogen molecule similar to the circulating
      plasma plasminogen form 1, whereas the 18S mRNA directed the synthesis of a
      molecule similar to the circulating plasma plasminogen form 2. Our evidence
      indicates that the synthesis of the two major circulating plasma plasminogen
      forms is directed in the liver by separate mRNAs.

PMID- 6421313
TI  - Fluorescence anisotropy changes in platelet membranes during activation.
AB  - Dynamic changes in platelet membrane components were evaluated by two fluorescent
      probes, the anion channel blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic
      acid (DIDS) and the membrane-impermeant stachyose derivative of pyrenebutyryl
      hydrazide (SPBH). Fluorescence anisotropy, r, was measured in intact platelets
      treated with either fluorophore. Activation of platelets by thrombin, arachidonic
      acid, and ADP under nonaggregating conditions increased the anisotropy values of
      DIDS within 60-120 s. A slow return to base-line values occurred after 8-10 min.
      Thrombin produced an initial transient reduction of r during the first 60 s. Its
      effect was specific as inactivated enzyme did not induce any changes. The latter
      could also be prevented by omitting Ca2+ from the platelet suspension. Treatment
      of platelets with SPBH, a fluorophore inserted into the lipid leaflet of
      membranes, revealed an activation-induced increase of its fluorescence anisotropy
      during the first 120 s. It was followed by a 6-8 min lasting decline of r when
      thrombin and ADP were the stimulants. Preexposure of platelets to colchicine did
      not change significantly the fluorescence anisotropy pattern of either
      fluorophore, but cytochalasin B inhibited such changes almost completely. The
      findings are interpreted as demonstrating greater motional freedom in the lipid
      bilayer but a decrease in this parameter in membrane proteins upon stimulation of
      platelets.

PMID- 6421314
TI  - Structural studies of apolipoprotein A-I/phosphatidylcholine recombinants by high
      field proton NMR, nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Complexes formed between apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or egg phosphatidylcholine have been
      studied by high-field 1H NMR, nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,
      electron microscopy, and gel filtration chromatography. Emphasis has been placed
      on an analysis of the particle size distribution within the micellar complexes
      produced at lipid/protein molar ratios of 40-700. As determined by electron
      microscopy and gel filtration of DMPC/apo A-I complexes, the size of the
      discoidal micelles produced appears to increase uniformly with an increasing
      lipid/protein ratio. By electron microscopy, the diameters of isolated DMPC/apo A
      I discoidal micelles range from approximately 89 A at a 40 molar ratio to 205 A
      at a 700 molar ratio. Analysis of the micellar complexes by 1H NMR shows that
      concomitant with the increase in size is the progressive downfield shift of the
      choline N-methyl proton resonance of the complex which is observed from 3.245 to
      3.267 ppm over the above molar ratio range. The relationship between chemical
      shift and micelle size is most simply interpreted as arising from a weighted
      averaging of two lipid environments--lipid-lipid and lipid-protein. In contrast
      to the above interpretation of the gel filtration experiments on DMPC/apo A-I
      complexes, nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of particle size
      distribution leads to an unexpected observation: as the DMPC/apo A-I ratio
      increases, discrete complexes of increasing size are formed in an apparently
      quantized manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421315
TI  - Selective hydrolysis of chondroitin sulfates by hyaluronidase.
AB  - Chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate were incubated with testicular
      hyaluronidase in the presence of excess beta-glucuronidase. The beta
      glucuronidase caused rapid removal of the nonreducing terminal beta-D
      glucuronosyl residues from the oligosaccharides formed by the action of the
      hyaluronidase, destroying the oligosaccharide acceptors required for the
      transglycosylation activity of hyaluronidase and releasing free D-glucuronic acid
      at a rate that was equal to the rate of the hyaluronidase-catalyzed hydrolysis.
      When hyaluronidase was assayed at 37 degrees C in the presence of 0.05 M NaCl,
      0.05 M Na2SO4, and 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 5, chondroitin 4-sulfate was
      hydrolyzed at 1.5 times the rate found for chondroitin 6-sulfate. When
      hyaluronidase was assayed at 45 degrees C in 0.06 M sodium acetate at pH 6,
      chondroitin 4-sulfate was hydrolyzed at 8 times the rate observed for chondroitin
      6-sulfate. Under the pH5 conditions, the chondroitin 4-sulfate was converted to a
      mixture of tri- and pentasaccharides, while the chondroitin 6-sulfate was
      converted primarily to a mixture of penta- and heptasaccharides, with only a
      small amount of trisaccharide. Under the pH 6 conditions, the chondroitin 4
      sulfate was converted to a mixture of penta- and heptasaccharides, with only a
      small amount of trisaccharide, but the products from chondroitin 6-sulfate were a
      mixture of oligosaccharides ranging in degree of polymerization from 7 to 25
      monosaccharides per oligosaccharide. End-group analyses of the products formed at
      pH 6 showed that both substrates were cleaved preferentially at the glycosidic
      bonds of the 4-sulfated disaccharides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421316
TI  - Acidic proteins of the large ribosomal subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
      Effect of phosphorylation.
AB  - Three strongly acidic proteins with pIs between 3.0 and 3.5 have been detected
      and purified from an ammonium-ethanol extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      ribosomes. The three proteins, called L45, L44, and L44', have a similar amino
      acid composition, but differences were shown by tryptic peptide analysis.
      Nevertheless, the three polypeptides show total cross-reaction to antisera raised
      against one of them. Protein L44' is very unstable in the extract when treated at
      the basic pH 9.2, due to an enzymatic process not yet clarified. When purified,
      the protein is, however, stable. In solution, the proteins are present as dimers,
      as verified by ultracentrifugation, column filtration, and photochemical cross
      linking. The tendency to dimerization is much lower in the case of protein L44'.
      On the average, 3.2 copies of these proteins are detected per ribosome. The
      proteins are monophosphorylated when present in the ribosome. Phosphorylation
      seems to regulate the affinity of the polypeptides for the particles because
      unphosphorylated proteins bind poorly to the ribosomes deprived of the acidic
      proteins. Since these proteins are unphosphorylated when present in the cytoplasm
      [Zinker, S. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 606, 76-82; Sanchez-Madrid, F.,
      Vidales, F. J., & Ballesta, J. P. G. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 114, 609-613], a
      regulatory mechanism of the ribosomal function based on a phosphorylation
      dephosphorylation process of the acidic proteins is being studied.

PMID- 6421317
TI  - Pepsin cleavage of band 3 produces its membrane-crossing domains.
AB  - After prolonged treatment of red-cell ghosts with pepsin followed by SDS-urea
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the membrane peptide fraction, a heavily
      stained band representing peptides of about 4 kDa (with traces of higher
      molecular weights) was found. If the cells were first labelled with the
      disulfonic stilbene, DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid) or
      with N-ethylmaleimide, probes that react with specific sites in Band 3 the anion
      transport protein, both agents were largely located in the 4 kDA band. With less
      intensive pepsin treatment, Stained bands of about 17, 12 and 8 kDa were also
      visible, and DIDS labelling was associated with these higher molecular weight
      peptides. The 4 kDa band apparently contains at least five or six different
      peptides. A single peptide containing the DIDS-binding site was separated from
      others in the band by ion-exchange chromatography. The location of the DIDS
      peptide in the primary structure of Band 3 was determined by matching the known
      location of DIDS and of a methionine residue cleavable by cyanogen bromide. It is
      concluded that two additional 4 kDA peptides are labelled with N-ethylmaleimide.
      Because the location of the N-ethylmaleimide-binding sites are known, these two
      peptides could also be mapped in the primary structure of Band 3. The findings
      are consistent with the suggestion that pepsin can digest those portions of Band
      3 (and probably of other intrinsic peptides) that are exposed on either side of
      the membrane, leaving only those domains that cross the bilayer. For Band 3, the
      data are consistent with a structure containing five crossing strands per
      monomer, each crossing strand being about 4 kDa.

PMID- 6421318
TI  - Endoglycosidase f cleaves the oligosaccharides from the glucose transporter of
      the human erythrocyte.
AB  - The glucose transporter from human erythrocytes is a heterogeneously glycosylated
      protein that runs as a very broad band of average apparent Mr 55 000 upon sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the purified preparation
      of transporter, solubilized in Triton X-100, was treated with endoglycosidase F,
      much of it ran as a sharp band of Mr 46 000 upon electrophoresis. Moreover,
      endoglycosidase F released 80% of the radioactivity in a preparation of the
      transporter labeled in its oligosaccharides with galactose oxidase and tritiated
      borohydride, and almost none of the remaining radioactivity was located in the Mr
      46 000 band. These results suggest that endoglycosidase F can release virtually
      all of the carbohydrate linked to the transporter polypeptide. A quantitative
      analysis of the gels was complicated by partial aggregation of polypeptides that
      occurs due to prolonged incubation in Triton X-100, but at least 65% of the
      protein in the preparation of purified transporter is the 46 kDa polypeptide. The
      extracellular domain of the transporter is very resistant to proteolysis; no
      cleavage occurred upon treatment of intact erythrocytes with seven different
      proteases at high concentration.

PMID- 6421319
TI  - Transbilayer distributions of red cell membrane phospholipids in unilamellar
      vesicles.
AB  - The phospholipid organization in unilamellar vesicles comprised of various
      purified phospholipid components of monkey erythrocyte membrane was ascertained
      using phospholipase A2 and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid as external membrane
      probes. The vesicles were formed by sonication or detergent dialysis and
      fractionated by centrifugation or gel permeation chromatography. Experiments were
      done to confirm that the phospholipase A2 treatments did not cause lysis or
      induce fusion of the vesicles. This enzyme hydrolysed only the
      glycerophospholipids in the outer surface of the vesicles. The amounts of the
      external phospholipids determined by this enzymatic method were verified using
      the chemical probe, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The choline-containing
      phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine localized randomly in the two surfaces
      of sonicated vesicles (outer diameter, about 30 nm), whereas phosphatidylserine
      preferentially distributed in the inner monolayer. This phosphatidylserine
      asymmetry virtually disappeared in detergent dialysed vesicles (outer diameter,
      about 45 nm). Furthermore, inclusion of cholesterol in both the types of vesicles
      resulted in more random glycerophospholipid distributions across the plane of
      vesicles bilayer, presumably due to the cholesterol-induced increases in the size
      of vesicles. These results demonstrate that the transbilayer distribution of
      erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in unilamellar vesicles are controlled mainly
      by the surface curvature rather than by interlipid interactions, and therefore
      suggest that phospholipid-phospholipid and phospholipid-cholesterol interactions
      should not play any significant role in determining the membrane phospholipid
      asymmetry in red cells. It is proposed that this asymmetry primarily originates
      from differential bindings of phospholipids with membrane proteins in the two
      leaflets of the membrane bilayer.

PMID- 6421320
TI  - Cholesterol oxidase susceptibility of the red cell membrane.
AB  - We have used the highly variable and conditional susceptibility of cholesterol
      oxidase to probe molecular rearrangements in the human red cell membrane.
      Cholesterol in the intact erythrocyte normally is not a substrate for this
      enzyme. Susceptibility was induced however, by these pretreatments: mild
      enrichment in membrane cholesterol, exposure to greater than or equal to 0.03% (3
      mM) glutaraldehyde and warming in dilute salt solutions (mu approx. 0.001).
      Cholesterol reactivity in dilute salt solutions emerged only following a lag of
      30 min or more. The lag time was shortened by raising the temperature, by
      reducing the salt concentration or by treating with glutaraldehyde. The induced
      sensitivity to the enzyme was inhibited by restoring physiologic ionic strength
      or by introducing 0.1 mol lysophosphatidylcholine per mol cholesterol into the
      membrane. (In striking contrast, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and
      lysophosphatidylserine did not inhibit oxidation). The various effectors of
      cholesterol oxidase sensitivity strongly influenced the impact of the others,
      suggesting that each shifted cholesterol toward or away from an enzyme-sensitive
      disposition. None of these effects was observed in pure cholesterol or red cell
      membrane lipids dissolved in detergent, which were uniformly highly reactive with
      the enzyme. We conclude that the observed variation in cholesterol oxidase
      sensitivity reflects changes in the organization of the bilayer, perhaps a
      lateral redistribution of lipids which creates cholesterol-rich phases or domains
      in which cholesterol is more or less accessible to the enzyme. If so, the time
      dependent increase in cholesterol susceptibility during warming at low ionic
      strength might be a novel indicator of the kinetics of phase changes in the
      bilayer of the red cell.

PMID- 6421321
TI  - Thermal adaptation of Tetrahymena membranes with special reference to
      mitochondria. II. Preferential interaction of cardiolipin with specific molecular
      species of phospholipid.
AB  - A specific effect of cardiolipin on fluidity of mitochondrial membranes was
      demonstrated in Tetrahymena cells acclimated to a lower temperature in the
      previous report (Yamauchi, T., Ohki, K., Maruyama, H. and Nozawa, Y. (1981)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 649, 385-392). This study was further confirmed by the
      experiment using fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      (DPH). Anisotropy of DPH for microsomal and pellicular total lipids from
      Tetrahymena cells showed that membrane fluidity of these lipids increased
      gradually as the cells were incubated at 15 degrees C after the shift down of
      growth temperature from 39 degrees C. However, membrane fluidity of mitochondrial
      total lipids was kept constant up to 10 h. This finding is compatible with the
      result obtained using spin probe in the previous report. Additionally, the break
      point temperature of DPH anisotropy was not changed in mitochondrial lipids
      whereas those temperatures in pellicular and microsomal lipids lowered during the
      incubation at 15 degrees C. Interaction between cardiolipins and various
      phospholipids, which were isolated from Tetrahymena cells grown at 39 degrees C
      or 15 degrees C and synthesized chemically, was investigated extensively using a
      spin labeling technique. The addition of cardiolipins from Tetrahymena cells
      grown at either 39 degrees C or 15 degrees C did not change the membrane fluidity
      (measured at 15 degrees C) of phosphatidylcholine from whole cells grown at 39
      degrees C. On the other hand, both cardiolipins of 39 degrees C-grown and 15
      degrees C-grown cells decreased the membrane fluidity of phosphatidylcholine from
      Tetrahymena cells grown at 15 degrees C. The same results were obtained for
      phosphatidylcholines of mitochondria and microsomes. Membrane fluidity of
      phosphatidylethanolamine, isolated from cells grown at 15 degrees C, was reduced
      to a small extent by Tetrahymena cardiolipin whereas that of 39 degrees C-grown
      cells was not changed. Representative molecular species of phosphatidylcholines
      of cells grown at 39 degrees C and 15 degrees C were synthesized chemically; 1
      palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine for 39 degrees C-grown cells and
      dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine for 15 degrees C-grown ones. By the addition of
      Tetrahymena cardiolipin, the membrane fluidity of 1-palmitoyl-2
      oleoylphosphatidylcholine was not changed but that of
      dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine was decreased markedly. These phenomena were
      caused by Tetrahymena cardiolipin. However, bovine heart cardiolipin, which has a
      different composition of fatty acyl chains from the Tetrahymena one, exerted only
      a small effect.

PMID- 6421322
TI  - Lysine transport in the guinea-pig small intestine.
AB  - Interactions between cationic and neutral amino acids in transport across the
      brush-border membrane, Jmc, of the small intestine have been examined using
      preparations from the distal rabbit ileum and the rat and guinea-pig mid-small
      intestine. (1) In the guinea pig, the dependence of Jmc Lys on the concentration
      of lysine is best described in terms of two saturable transport mechanism in
      addition to free diffusion. (2) It is shown that the discrepancy between cis
      effects of low concentrations of neutral amino acids on the Jmc of cationic amino
      acids, cis-stimulation in the guinea pig contra cis-inhibition in the rabbit and
      rat, represents species differences. In the guinea pig, imposing sodium-free
      conditions turns cis-stimulation into cis-inhibition. (3) It is demonstrated that
      in rat and guinea pig, leucine is transported both by the transport system(s) for
      cationic amino acids and by transport system(s) which cannot be inhibited by
      cationic amino acids.

PMID- 6421323
TI  - Imino acid transport across the brush-border membrane of the guinea-pig small
      intestine.
AB  - The transport of imino and non-alpha-amino acids across the brush-border membrane
      of the guinea-pig small intestine has been examined. It was found that the guinea
      pig is without a transport system for non-alpha-amino acids. The transport of
      imino acids was characterized using methylaminoisobutyrate (MeAIB) as a
      substrate. This choice was validated by lack of kinetic evidence that more than
      one transport system was involved in the transport of MeAIB, by the identical
      values of the estimates of the passive permeability of MeAIB, the magnitude of
      its proline-resistant transport, and the permeability of mannitol. The transport
      system for MeAIB is moderately stereospecific. It does not accept cationic amino
      acids. It accepts alpha-amino-monocarboxylic acids but N-methylation increases
      the affinities of these amino acids by an order of magnitude. The length of the
      side-chain of the aliphatic imino acids seems of little importance for the
      affinity for the transport system, but the data on inhibition of the transport of
      MeAIB by proline and piperidine-2-carboxylic acid indicate that it is sharply
      increased by ring formation.

PMID- 6421324
TI  - The effect of membrane preparation and cellular maturation on human erythrocyte
      adenylate cyclase.
AB  - We found that adenylate cyclase activity of human erythrocytes is potentially
      labile during isolation of their plasmalemma. Addition of 1 mM EGTA to solution
      used to remove hemoglobin from lysed cells protected activity. Human erythrocyte
      adenylate cyclase is minimally activated by catecholamines, in the absence or
      presence of exogenous guanyl nucleotide, but substantially by 5'-guanylyl
      imidodiphosphate or sodium fluoride and concentration-dependently by Mg2+ or
      Mn2+. Basal catalytic activity is an age-dependent component of the human
      erythrocyte; 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate- or fluoride-activated activities
      decline with cellular maturation proportionally to the decrease in basal
      activity.

PMID- 6421325
TI  - Antibody-directed liposomes. Determination of affinity constants for soluble and
      liposome-bound antifluorescein.
AB  - We have used the binding of liposomes conjugated with antifluorescein antibody
      specific for fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified erythrocytes as a model for
      multivalent antigen-antibody interactions. We examined a series of liposome
      preparations which were conjugated to between 0 and 332 active antibodies per
      liposome. The antigen binding capacity and mean intrinsic affinity of the soluble
      and conjugated antibody were determined by fluorescence quenching of
      carboxyfluorescein. Liposome-cell interaction data were fitted with a Scatchard
      type equation. Functional affinity of liposomes for cells was up to 1000-fold
      greater than the intrinsic affinity of the antibody for soluble ligand. Analysis
      for binding at high cell concentrations revealed that liposome-induced cell
      agglutination reduces the number of available binding sites per cell.

PMID- 6421326
TI  - Possible participation of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease in liver DNA
      fragmentation after N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treatment.
AB  - We examined the fragmentation of DNA treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea under
      conditions in which Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease is active. The molecular
      mass of DNA found in mouse liver slices treated with methylnitrosurea in the
      presence of Ca2+ plus Mg2+ was 4 X 10(5) Da. Similar results were obtained with a
      reconstituted system containing partially purified Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent
      endonuclease and methylnitrosurea-treated DNA. The enzyme extensively cleaved
      methylnitrosurea-treated DNA, compared with non-treated DNA. The methylnitrosurea
      treated nuclear proteins obtained from mouse liver nuclei had no effect on the
      DNA fragmentation by the enzyme. Using closed-circular DNA treated with
      methylnitrosurea, the enzyme produced single-strand cuts in the DNA, as was seen
      in non-treated, closed-circular DNA, however, the rate of hydrolysis was
      increased. Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease thus warrants further investigation,
      with regard to the precise mechanism of extensive degradation of DNA in cells
      treated with carcinogenic alkylating agents.

PMID- 6421327
TI  - Hybrid association between human apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in aqueous solution
      and in phospholipid recombinants.
AB  - The formation of hybrid association products between apolipoprotein A-I and
      apolipoprotein A-II from human high-density lipoprotein was investigated in
      solutions of these apolipoprotein and in recombinant particles with
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). It was found that these two proteins
      interact in solution to form hybrid association products, but not to a marked
      degree. When these two proteins were incubated together with DMPC, it was
      likewise found that there was little tendency to reside on the same particle, as
      judged from the absence of hybrid oligomers by chemical cross-linking. By a
      modified immunoelectrophoretic method it was found that only about 15% of the A
      II and 10% of the A-I were precipitated by the heterologous antiserum; from this
      it is concluded that 80-90% of these proteins do not form hybrid recombinants
      with the other protein. These results suggest that in the delipidated state, as
      well as in discoidal recombinants, there do not exist strong protein-protein
      interactions between A-I and A-II. This implies that even in the high-density
      lipoprotein, where both proteins coexist in the same particle, the A-II does not
      stabilize the molecular structure through interactions with A-I, and its role in
      this molecule remains obscure.

PMID- 6421328
TI  - A simple and versatile affinity column for phospholipase A2.
AB  - An affinity adsorbent for phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) was prepared by reacting
      10-O-p-toluenesulfonyldecane-1-O-phosphocholine with AH-Sepharose 4B.
      Phospholipases A2 bind to the immobilized ligand in the presence of Ca2+ and can
      be eluted with buffers containing EDTA. This principle held not only for soluble
      phospholipase A2 from porcine pancreas and Crotalus adamanteus, but proved also
      effective in the purification of phospholipases A2 solubilized from the membranes
      of rat liver mitochondria and rat platelets.

PMID- 6421329
TI  - The reduction of disulphides by rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The capacity of rat liver mitochondria to reduce 23 non-protein disulphides to
      their thiols has been examined. The best reduced include the three intermolecular
      disulphides, bis(2-aminoethyl)disulphide (cystamine, basic), bis(2
      hydroxyethyl)disulphide (HED, neutral and bis(3-carboxypropyl)disulphide (CPD,
      acidic). Their behaviour has been compared. In each case the thiol formed is
      found in highest concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. The three disulphides
      require an NAD-reducing substrate and respond similarly to changes in the initial
      disulphide concentration, pH of the medium and inhibitors. The most effective of
      these are N-ethylmaleimide, phenylarsenoxide (shown to be a potent swelling
      agent), triethyltin and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The fall in GSH
      induced by the latter correlates with the extent of inhibition. An uncoupler
      (carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, CCCP) inhibits reduction of HED and CPD
      but not that of cystamine. After lysis of mitochondria there is no significant
      reduction even in the presence of NADH or NADPH. Reduction is observed in
      sonicates if lipoamide is added with NADH but this reaction is insensitive to
      CDNB and CPD is not reduced. Also neither cystamine nor HED supports pyruvate
      dehydrogenation. There is also reduction if GSH and glutathione reductase are
      added with NADPH. All three disulphides are reduced to some extent but the rates
      for HED and especially CPD are inadequate to account for the rates in intact
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6421330
TI  - Purification and characterization of alpha-glucosidases produced by Saccharomyces
      in response to three distinct maltose genes.
AB  - alpha-Glucosidases or maltases (EC 3.2.1.20) were purified to electrophoretic
      homogeneity from a respective strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which carries a
      single MAL gene, either MAL alpha, MAL beta, or MAL gamma, using gluconate
      Sepharose affinity chromatography and isoelectrofocusing. Of these maltases, two
      types of maltase were obtained from the MAL gamma strain, the pI values of which
      were 5.6 and 5.9. From the MAL alpha and MAL beta strain was obtained only one
      type of maltase with the pI at 5.6 which was identical to one of the maltases
      from the MAL gamma strain. These four maltases possessed the same properties,
      except for pI. They were monomers with molecular weights of between 66 000 and 67
      000. With regard to the substrate specificity, they hydrolyzed maltose and
      sucrose exclusively but not alpha-methylglucoside nor maltooligosaccharide. They
      did not differ in immunological properties.

PMID- 6421331
TI  - An immunological study of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase specificity
      consistent with the phylogeny of species.
AB  - Rabbit antibody directed to homogeneously purified mouse liver delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydratase cross-reacted with the enzyme in erythrocytes,
      spleen, kidney and brain in the mouse. The antibody also cross-reacted with the
      enzyme in the rat, hamster and gerbil, but not in the rabbit, guinea pig, cattle,
      chick embryo, and human. In contrast, rabbit antibody against the human enzyme
      partially recognized the monkey enzyme, but not the enzyme in the other species.
      The species specificity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in this study
      was consistent with the phylogenetic evolution of the species examined.

PMID- 6421332
TI  - Platelet activation studied by fluorescence polarization.
AB  - Platelet activation was elevated by changes in the fluorescence anisotropy of the
      sulfhydryl-reactive fluorescent probe, (5-[2-(iodoacetyl)
      aminacetyl]aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid. The membrane-permeable fluorophore
      was shown to bind to a multitude of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Platelets
      were stimulated by addition of thrombin, arachidonic acid or ADP under conditions
      that did not induce aggregation. A sudden increase in the fluorescence
      anisotropy, r of moderate degree (25-33%) occurred during the first 60 s after
      exposure of platelets to the aggregating agents and was sustained during the
      entire period of observation (15-18 min). Phenylmethylsulfonyl thrombin was
      unable to produce these changes in fluorescence anisotropy. Preincubation of
      platelets with colchicine reduced r within 30-60 s after platelets were exposed
      to thrombin. These findings are interpreted as an indication of a general
      decrease in the 'motional freedom' of the fluorophores and indirectly their
      ligand molecules.

PMID- 6421333
TI  - Salvage of 5'-deoxy-methylthioadenosine into purines and methionine by lymphoid
      cells and inhibition of cell proliferation.
AB  - 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, a by-product of polyamine metabolism, is a
      potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. MTA phosphorylase cleaves MTA into
      adenine and 5'-methylthioribose-1-P. We studied MTA inhibition and salvage into
      purine compounds and methionine in concanavalin A-stimulated rat T lymphocytes
      and in Raji cells. When de novo purine synthesis was inhibited by azaserine (20
      microM), low concentrations of MTA, (less than or equal to 20 microM), were able
      to completely restore cell proliferation in both types of cells. When cells were
      cultured in a methionine-free medium, MTA (15 microM) completely fulfilled the
      methionine requirement of Raji cells but only 50% of that of rat T lymphocytes.
      MTA displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of both types of
      cells, but in the case of MTA salvage into purines or methionine, the curves were
      shifted to higher MTA concentrations. In vitro studies by Backlund et al.
      (Backlund, P.S., Chang, C.P. and Smith, R.A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4196
      4202) on rat liver homogenates, suggested that the last step of MTA salvage into
      methionine may be the transamination of 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate to
      methionine. We present evidence that this is a step physiologically efficient in
      intact cells.

PMID- 6421334
TI  - Mechanisms involved in the ability of human chorionic gonadotropin to increase
      the responsiveness of the infant rat's testis to follicle-stimulating hormone.
AB  - Pretreatment of 9-day-old rats for 3 days with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
      increases the amount of estradiol secreted by the testis in response to in vivo
      or in vitro stimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Potential
      mechanisms for this sensitizing effect were studied by treating infant rats with
      a variety of agents and then using radioimmunoassay to determine testicular
      estradiol secretion. Substitution of 3 days priming with estradiol for hCG did
      not enhance subsequent in vitro responsiveness to FSH. Subcutaneous capsules of
      1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) blocked stimulation of testicular
      aromatization in vivo by hCG or FSH. ATD capsules alone, or when combined with
      the antiestrogen tamoxifen, were not able to alter the ability of hCG
      pretreatment to increase responsiveness to in vitro FSH. It was concluded that
      estradiol was not involved in the sensitization caused by hCG in this model
      system. When gonadal tissue from 12-day-old rats was incubated in the presence or
      absence of 0.6 microM testosterone and various concentrations of FSH, more
      estradiol was secreted by testes in the containing testosterone. The amount
      secreted was not different from that noted after hCG priming. Priming of 9-day
      old rats for 3 days with the nonaromatizable androgen 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      did not influence the amount of estradiol secreted in response to FSH. It is
      further concluded that hCG augments the testicular aromatization response of
      infant rats to FSH by providing additional substrate for these reactions.

PMID- 6421335
TI  - Gap junction modulation in rat uterus. II. Effects of antiestrogens on myometrial
      and serosal cells.
AB  - The ability of several triphenylethylene antiestrogens to affect the modulation
      of gap junctions in rat uterine myometrial and serosal cells was examined in
      animals 60 days following hypophysectomy. Five daily injections of enclomiphene,
      zuclomiphene, tamoxifen, nafoxidine, CI 628 or CI 680 (500 micrograms per
      injection) promote uterine luminal epithelial cell hypertrophy characteristic of
      exogenous estrogen administration. These same compounds, however, fail to induce
      myometrial cell or increase the number of serosal cell gap junctions,
      respectively, which is also characteristic of exogenous estrogen treatment.
      Pretreatment of animals with antiestrogens blocks the ability of estradiol
      benzoate (E2 B) to induce gap junction formation in myometrial cells when
      followed by combined injections of E2 B and antiestrogens (both 250 micrograms)
      administered daily for 5 days. Therefore, with respect to the parameter of
      myometrial cell gap junction stimulation, all of the antiestrogens examined act
      as pure estrogen antagonists. These same antiestrogen pretreatments only weakly
      antagonized the ability of E2 B to modulate serosal cell gap junction membrane.
      These studies indicate the presence of different mechanisms for the estrogenic
      modulation of gap junctional membrane in myometrial and serosal cells.

PMID- 6421336
TI  - Hemicastration causes and testosterone prevents enhanced uptake of [3H] thymidine
      by Sertoli cells in testes of immature rats.
AB  - Rat pups were hemicastrated and uptake of [3H] thymidine by Sertoli cells in the
      remaining testis was compared to that in testes of sham-operated pups at
      intervals of from 8 h to 21 days after surgery. Labeled thymidine was
      administered subcutaneously 2 h before sacrifice. Testes were processed for light
      microscope autoradiography and the percent of Sertoli cell nuclei that had
      incorporated [3H] thymidine was determined by scoring nuclei in tissue sections
      as labeled or unlabeled. The percentage of cells labeled was increased in
      hemicastrates over intact controls by 8 h after surgery and testicular
      hypertrophy became apparent in hemicastrates by the following day. Labeling of
      Sertoli cells in hemicastrates remained elevated for 4 days and then returned to
      normal. When plasma levels of gonadotropins were measured in both groups 4 days
      after surgery, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was found to be more than twice
      normal in hemicastrates while luteinizing hormone (LH) was unchanged. The effect
      of testosterone on the response of Sertoli cells to hemicastration was also
      examined. In hemicastrates, 2 days of androgen therapy depressed, and an
      additional 2 days abolished, the proliferative response of the Sertoli cells. Our
      findings suggest that increased proliferation of Sertoli cells within the
      remaining testis is involved in the enlargement of the testis that follows
      hemicastration. They also imply that prevention of compensatory hypertrophy by
      testosterone involves interference with this response of Sertoli cells in some
      way. Finally, our data implicate FSH in control of Sertoli cell proliferation in
      vivo in immature rats.

PMID- 6421337
TI  - Compensatory responses after unilateral ovariectomy in rabbits.
AB  - Compensatory ovarian and gonadotropic responses to unilateral ovariectomy (ULO)
      were examined in the rabbit doe, an induced ovulator. On Days 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10,
      15 and 20 after ULO, ovaries from 3 hemiovariectomized does and 1 sham
      hemiovariectomized doe were examined macro- and microscopically for number, size
      and signs of atresia of follicles. The number of surface follicles increased
      initially to 7 or 8 follicles 2 days after ULO, followed by an increase to 10 or
      more follicles by Day 15 (control ovaries had 5.7 +/- 0.4 follicles). Total
      numbers of antral follicles and the proportion of follicles which were atretic
      did not vary relative to day after ULO. However, distributions of antral
      follicles in classes of 0.2-mm increments were significantly different between
      sham-ovariectomized and hemiovariectomized does after Day 2 due to shifts of
      follicles into larger size classes. Peripheral serum concentrations of follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), but not luteinizing hormone (LH), increased
      temporarily during the 48 h after ULO. Follicular compensation after ULO in the
      doe entailed nonlinear increases in numbers of preovulatory follicles, due to
      increased growth within the antral population of follicles, probably the result
      of an acute surge of FSH. A period of more than 10 days was necessary to restore
      the number of preovulatory follicles after ULO. Exogenous human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) induced ovulation of recruited follicles.

PMID- 6421338
TI  - Cooperative changes in the chiroptical properties of DNA induced by methanol.

PMID- 6421339
TI  - A new method for in vitro chemosensitivity assay: inhibition of metabolic CO2
      production.
AB  - This report describes a new method for in vitro chemosensitivity testing based on
      the inhibition by chemotherapeutic agents of 14CO2 production by human malignant
      tumor cells incubated with 14C-glucose. The application of the method to the
      inhibition of the metabolism of a continuous cell line of human breast carcinoma
      origin by various concentrations of doxorubicin is illustrated. The degree of
      inhibition is demonstrated to be a function of the drug concentration.

PMID- 6421340
TI  - Intense rises of unesterified arachidonate plasma levels in stressed humans.
AB  - Intense rises of plasma arachidonate have been observed in men in various
      physiopathological circumstances: in old patients who suffered from hypertension,
      in patients before and after various surgical procedures, in patients submitted
      to cardiopulmonary bypass with extracorporeal circulation or to abdominal aortic
      prosthesis, and in young volunteers or patients submitted to a strain test on
      bicycle ergometer. The plasmatic arachidonate concentration sometimes reached
      values ten times higher than the maximal normal value of 5 micrograms/ml plasma
      registered in 157 controls. These important arachidonate releases have been
      related to stress (pain, operative or anticipation stress).

PMID- 6421341
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates inositol phosphate production in normal
      anterior pituitary cells and GH3 tumour cells in the presence of lithium.
AB  - Phosphatidylinositol (Ptd Ins) breakdown in response to thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH) was measured after preincubation of both normal rat anterior
      pituitary cells and GH3 tumour cells with [3H]inositol by the determination of
      [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation in the presence of lithium (which inhibits
      myo-inositol phosphatase). The method employed, which was originally developed
      for use with tissue slices, was adapted for isolated cells in monolayer culture.
      In GH3 cells, TRH stimulated the breakdown of phosphoinositide in a manner
      similar to that reported previously using alternative methods. Furthermore, in
      normal male anterior pituitary cells the dose-response profile for TRH
      stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation was found to correlate well with
      the dose-response profile for TRH stimulation of prolactin secretion. As this
      response was maintained in the absence of added calcium, the breakdown of
      phosphoinositide would appear to be implicated as an event preceding calcium
      mobilization.

PMID- 6421342
TI  - [Effect of different combinations of exogenous higher fatty acids on cardiac
      function during coronary ischemia and reperfusion].
AB  - Experiments on 77 white random-bred male rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g have shown
      that combinations of high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) containing the
      precursors of prostaglandin synthesis, arachidonic and linoleic acids, produce a
      powerful antiarrhythmic action during transitory coronary insufficiency. The
      effect was seen not only during ischemia but also during subsequent myocardial
      reperfusion. The combination of HUFA containing arachidonic and linoleic acids as
      precursors of prostaglandin synthesis exerted a more demonstrable antiarrhythmic
      action than that without arachidonic acid. The degree of the ischemia-induced
      depression of contractile process was less versus control, provided HUFA
      combinations contained arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6421343
TI  - Platelet-collagen interactions: increase in rate of adhesion of fixed washed
      platelets by factor VIII-related antigen.
AB  - A simple technique using an aggregometer and fixed washed human platelets (FWP)
      and fibrillar collagen has been used to evaluate the contribution of the two
      components of the factor VIII (FVIII) complex to platelet-collagen interactions.
      FWP bound individually to collagen fibrils in suspension, and both the total
      number of FWP bound and the rate of adhesion increased with increasing collagen
      concentration. Von Willebrand's disease (vWD) type I or normal plasma
      immunoadsorbed with anti-factor VIII-related antigen (anti-FVIIIR:Ag) antiserum
      gave 20% and vWD type IIa gave 50% of the rate of adhesion obtained with normal,
      hemophilia A, or hemophilia A with inhibitor plasma, but the same percent
      adhesion was found with all plasmas. The rate of adhesion of both vWD type I and
      type IIa was corrected by the addition of purified FVIII complex. These results
      indicated that the FVIIIR:Ag and not the factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C)
      in normal plasma or purified FVIII complex caused an accelerating effect on the
      rate at which FWP bound to collagen. Collagen fibrils not only bound FWP, but
      also adsorbed the FVIII complex with preferential adsorption of the forms of
      FVIIIR:Ag with the greatest ristocetin cofactor (FVIIIR:RCoF) activity.
      Saturation of collagen with FWP did not change the adsorption pattern of the
      FVIII complex. Also anti-FVIIIR:Ag blocked the accelerating effect of the FVIII
      complex but not the adhesion of FWP. Thus, FWP and FVIIIR:Ag appeared to bind to
      separate sites on collagen.

PMID- 6421344
TI  - Comparison of two long-term chemotherapy regimens, with or without agents to
      modify skeletal repair, in multiple myeloma.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial was initiated in 1972 to compare two
      chemotherapeutic regimens [1-3-bis (2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU),
      cyclophosphamide, and prednisone versus melphalan and prednisone], to determine
      whether the two regimens are cross-resistant, and to evaluate the effectiveness
      of sodium fluoride, vitamin D, calcium gluconate, and fluoxymesterone in the
      promotion of bone healing. Initial responses (50%) and survival (36 mo median)
      for patients treated with the two chemotherapeutic regimens were the same.
      Patients on either regimen who failed to respond after 6 mo had a very low
      response rate to the alternative regimen (approximately 10%). Initially
      responding patients were randomly assigned to either an active drug regimen
      (sodium fluoride, vitamin D, calcium gluconate, fluoxymesterone) or placebo
      tablets. There was no significant difference in the low percentage of patients
      demonstrating bone improvement. Thus, the BCNU, cyclophosphamide, prednisone
      regimen is as effective as melphalan and prednisone. Fluoride, calcium, vitamin
      D, and androgenic steroids should not be routinely recommended in myeloma, as
      they seem to add little to effective chemotherapy and may contribute to
      morbidity.

PMID- 6421346
TI  - Characterization of the thrombin-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Purified human alpha-thrombin induced a sustained contraction of isolated rabbit
      aorta and dog coronary arteries. These vascular tissues also exhibited a
      refractoriness towards a second thrombin exposure. The extent of tachyphylaxis
      exhibited by the aorta correlated with the initial concentration of thrombin and
      the length of time the tissue was exposed to thrombin. The thrombin-induced
      contraction in the aorta was not blocked by phospholipase or cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors, but it was inhibited in the presence of hirudin, heparin,
      nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside. Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, and hirudin also
      inhibited the contraction in the dog coronary artery. Ca++ channel blockers did
      not inhibit the thrombin-induced contraction in the coronary artery, although a
      small inhibition was observed in Ca++-free media. In both tissues, equivalent
      contractile responses were obtained using equimolar quantities of beta-,
      tetranitromethane-, and alpha-thrombin, even though the latter's coagulant
      activity was 30-40 times that of the modified thrombins. However, if the
      catalytic activity of thrombin was inhibited by modification with Tos-Lys-CH2Cl,
      hirudin, or heparin/antithrombin III, the vasoconstrictor activity was also lost.
      These studies suggest that alterations of the fibrinogen-binding site do not
      affect the contractile activity of thrombin. The contraction may be the result of
      a proteolytic interaction of the active site of the enzyme with vascular smooth
      muscle.

PMID- 6421345
TI  - Serologic and biochemical studies of a previously unclassified blood type B
      variant.
AB  - The designation B4 is proposed for a weak variant of type B blood found in a
      Salvadorian woman and her two daughters. The red cells were weakly agglutinated
      by anti-B and anti-A,B; the serum contained anti-B; and the saliva contained H
      but not B substance. Biochemical studies of the serum showed that the enzyme
      specified by the variant B gene had low activity and low affinity for both sugar
      donor and acceptor.

PMID- 6421347
TI  - An unusual case of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia with half molecules of IgG in
      serum and urine.
AB  - Immunochemical studies are described in an unusual case of Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia. Two monoclonal Igs (whole IgG1/kappa and IgG1/kappa half
      molecules) occurred in the serum in addition to the IgM monoclonal protein.
      Protein electrophoresis of the serum showed a monoclonal component in the gamma
      region, and the immunoelectrophoresis allowed detection of a monoclonal IgM/kappa
      and another abnormality represented by a double precipitin line in serum and
      urine, observed when antiserum anti IgG was used. The abnormal proteins were
      purified and further analyzed. The IgG-related proteins were whole four chains
      IgG monoclonal molecules, 1/2 IgG monoclonal molecules, composed of one heavy and
      one light chain, and residual polyclonal IgG. The half molecules were
      antigenically deficient with respect to normal IgG. The idiotypic analysis showed
      that the three monoclonal proteins shared idiotypic determinants. This patient
      had clinical and morphological findings of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and,
      as observed in other cases, the formation of half molecules was not associated
      with a distinct clinical syndrome.

PMID- 6421348
TI  - Identification and quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls in paper and paper
      board using fused silica capillary gas chromatography.

PMID- 6421349
TI  - Coprostanol distribution from sewage discharge into Sarasota Bay, Florida.

PMID- 6421350
TI  - Uptake and excretion of cadmium, CdEDTA, and zinc by Macoma balthica.

PMID- 6421351
TI  - [Mechanisms maintaining genetic variability within a population (12)].

PMID- 6421353
TI  - Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

PMID- 6421352
TI  - Treatment of children suffering from severe malnutrition in an area of Santiago,
      Chile.

PMID- 6421354
TI  - Mediators of arachidonic acid-induced contractions of indomethacin-treated guinea
      pig airways: leukotrienes C4 and D4.
AB  - Arachidonic acid (AA) (66 microM) induced contractions of indomethacin-treated
      (8.4 microM) guinea-pig tracheal and lung parenchymal preparations. Mepacrine
      (210 microM) treatment did not affect the magnitude of contraction induced by AA.
      Normal and ovalbumin-sensitized tissues responded identically to AA, and released
      equivalent amounts of the contractile mediators. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (100
      microM) markedly reduced release of the contractile mediators and reduced AA
      induced contractions of the airways. The mediators of AA-induced, calcium
      ionophore A23187-induced, and antigen-induced contraction of the trachea and lung
      parenchyma were purified and identified by reverse-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography to be leukotrienes C4 and D4, being present in an approximate
      ratio of 20:1. Mepacrine-treated trachea exhibited a smaller contractile response
      to stimuli (A23187 for normal tissues and ovalbumin for sensitized tissues).
      Addition of exogenous AA (66 microM) increased the magnitude of contraction,
      although not to the level observed on tissues not treated with mepacrine. There
      was no observable effect of AA on the response of mepacrine-treated parenchyma to
      the ionophore or antigen. It was concluded that (a) immunological sensitization
      does not alter AA metabolism via the lipoxygenase pathway in guinea-pig airways
      and (b) the mediators of AA-induced contraction are leukotrienes C4 and D4.

PMID- 6421355
TI  - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and their effect on urinary calcium excretion
      and other parameters in idiopathic hypercalciuria.
AB  - The treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuric stone formers with the prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitors flurbiprofen and indomethacin has been studied in two
      phases. Ten patients were studied in a metabolic unit for 14 days that included a
      control period of 7 days on a controlled intake of dietary calcium, followed by
      treatment with flurbiprofen 50 mg tds. Three patients were studied along similar
      lines and were treated with indomethacin 25 mg tds. A significant reduction in
      urinary calcium excretion was noted during the 7-day control period during which
      dietary calcium intake was reduced to 700 mg daily. No further significant
      reduction in urinary calcium excretion was observed during the treatment with
      either flurbiprofen or indomethacin. Thirteen patients then continued to take
      flurbiprofen 50 mg tds for between 1 and 12 months. A small but not statistically
      significant reduction in urinary calcium excretion was noted by the third month
      of treatment, but this was not sustained. This study confirms the benefit of
      dietary restriction of calcium as the primary approach to the treatment of
      idiopathic hypercalciuria. Neither flurbiprofen nor indomethacin reduced urinary
      calcium excretion to significant levels. Their routine use for the treatment of
      idiopathic hypercalciuria cannot be recommended from the evidence of this study.

PMID- 6421356
TI  - Intrapelvic thiotepa for re-recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the
      renal pelvis in a solitary kidney.

PMID- 6421357
TI  - University cuts, medicine, and the public interest.

PMID- 6421358
TI  - Allergy to penicillin.

PMID- 6421360
TI  - Development of pituitary adenoma in women with hyperprolactinaemia: clinical,
      endocrine, and radiological characteristics.
AB  - Sixty eight women referred for treatment of hyperprolactinaemia entered a three
      year follow up study to determine the clinical and endocrine course of the
      disease and its association with microadenoma of the pituitary. Details recorded
      before treatment included medical history, gonadotrophin and ovarian hormonal
      concentrations, and release of prolactin in response to protirelin (thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone), benserazide, cimetidine, and nomifensine. Sellar tomography
      was then performed yearly for three years in all women, 54 of them also
      undergoing computed coronal and sagittal tomography. At baseline evaluation 27
      women showed radiological evidence of pituitary adenoma; at the end of the follow
      up period the number had increased to 41. Amenorrhoea, steady and raised serum
      prolactin concentrations, a low ratio of luteinising hormone to follicle
      stimulating hormone, a longer duration of disease, and low serum progesterone
      concentrations were more common in women with a final diagnosis of pituitary
      adenoma than in those whose sella remained normal. Tests for release of prolactin
      had yielded abnormal results from the outset in all 41 women with radiological
      evidence of pituitary adenoma and in about half of those whose sella had remained
      radiologically normal. Response to medical treatment (metergoline in 20 patients,
      bromocriptine in 21) was similar and showed no difference between patients with
      tumorous and non-tumorous hyperprolactinaemia. These findings suggest that a
      large proportion of women with hyperprolactinaemia may harbour a prolactin
      secreting pituitary adenoma which becomes apparent over a relatively short
      period. Amenorrhoea and steady and raised serum prolactin concentrations are more
      common in these women. Tests for release of prolactin are of predictive value in
      identifying women who will develop a pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 6421359
TI  - Passive-active immunisation of neonates of HBsAg positive carrier mothers:
      preliminary observations.
AB  - Screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in three
      areas of Holland led to the identification of HBsAg carriers, 20 of whom were
      subsequently delivered. Within two hours after birth all infants received
      hepatitis B immune globulin (0.5 ml/kg body weight) and, after randomisation,
      hepatitis B vaccine (10 micrograms) was given either at 0, 1, and 2 months of age
      or at 3, 4, and 5 months of age, the latter concomitantly with DPTP vaccination.
      Eighteen infants complying with the protocol were followed up for at least six
      months. No side effects were observed after either passive or active
      immunisation. All infants developed high concentrations of anti-HBs antibodies;
      no interference of high dose passive immunisation with active immunisation was
      observed. Concentrations of anti-HBs at three months were significantly lower in
      infants given delayed active immunisation than in those given early active
      immunisation. These data suggest that passive-active immunisation against
      hepatitis B virus infection is well tolerated by neonates under 3 months of age
      and that both early and late active immunisation in combination with passive
      immunisation will result in excellent anti-HBs production.

PMID- 6421361
TI  - Methimazole and generation of oxygen radicals by monocytes: potential role in
      immunosuppression.
AB  - A study was conducted investigating the possibility that the immunosuppressive
      action of methimazole (the active metabolite of the antithyroid drug carbimazole)
      might be due to an effect on the production of oxygen radicals by monocytes.
      Techniques comprised measurement of luminol dependent chemoluminescence in
      monocytes and a spectrophotometric assay for production of hydrogen peroxide. The
      results showed definite inhibition of formation of oxygen radicals by resting and
      stimulated monocytes, which may explain the immunosuppressive action of the drug
      in Graves' disease. The findings also suggest that the formation of oxygen
      radicals and the initiation of the immune response may be closely related.

PMID- 6421362
TI  - Contemporary gastroenteritis of infancy: clinical features and prehospital
      management.
AB  - In a prospective survey carried out over 12 months 447 children aged under 2
      years were admitted to the Manchester Regional Infectious Diseases Unit for
      treatment of gastroenteritis. Comparison of the children with those in a survey
      15 years previously in the same unit showed that the illness was milder than in
      the earlier series, with no deaths and with lower incidences of hypernatraemia
      (1%), uraemia (8%), and dehydration (14%). These improved findings occurred
      despite several deficiencies of care in the prehospital phase of the illness,
      particularly poor compliance with the widely recommended guidelines for fluid and
      dietary management in infantile gastroenteritis.

PMID- 6421363
TI  - Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in infants admitted to hospital with
      infectious gastroenteritis.
AB  - During a prospective study of infectious gastroenteritis in children under 2
      years, 19 out of 390 patients (4.9%) were found to have Clostridium difficile
      cytotoxin in the faeces. In several there was no history of use of antibiotics.
      The symptoms of many infants with toxin settled spontaneously, but one child
      became acutely and severely ill and developed a toxic megacolon and five others
      required, and responded to, vancomycin. Cl difficile was cultured from the stools
      in 191 (49%) of the children. The highly significant increased prevalence of past
      use of antibiotics in 118 control patients was not associated with an increased
      incidence of either isolation of Cl difficile or presence of faecal cytotoxin. Cl
      difficile should not be overlooked as a cause of acute diarrhoea and vomiting in
      children under 2 years.

PMID- 6421364
TI  - Analysis of T cell subsets in Graves' disease: alterations associated with
      carbimazole.
AB  - Conflicting data on subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients
      with autoimmune disease largely reflect variations in methods of study. An
      investigation was therefore conducted aimed at avoiding this difficulty. Serial
      samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 42 patients with hyperthyroid
      Graves' disease were collected at monthly intervals before, during, and for 12
      months after a six month course of carbimazole. Samples were stored in liquid
      nitrogen until completion of the study, when they were thawed and all samples
      from each patient analysed within the same assay using mouse monoclonal
      antibodies to human cell subsets and a fluorescence activated cell sorter.
      Proportions of cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT8) positive cells before treatment (mean
      17.4 (SEM 0.8)%) were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than those in
      normal controls (29.8 (1.9)%; n = 10) and returned to normal by the end of
      treatment. In contrast, the proportions of activated T cells (OKIa-OKM1) were
      significantly raised before treatment as compared with normal (14.4 (0.6)% versus
      4.6 (0.8)%; p less than 0.001) and fell to normal by the end of treatment.
      Proportions of OKT3 and OKT4 positive T cells remained unchanged throughout
      treatment and in the succeeding 12 months. In patients who relapsed after
      treatment there was a rise in the proportion of activated T cells and a fall in
      OKT8 positive T cells, which returned towards normal with retreatment. The
      explanation for the alterations in numbers of circulating T cells remains to be
      determined but they may provide a means for predicting more accurately the
      outcome of Graves' disease after treatment with carbimazole.

PMID- 6421365
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in a geriatric patient.

PMID- 6421366
TI  - Chronic campylobacter colitis and uveitis in patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6421367
TI  - Oral acyclovir in eczema herpeticum.

PMID- 6421368
TI  - Cuboidal calcium enterolith causing obstruction and perforation of small
      intestine.

PMID- 6421369
TI  - Papers from the past.

PMID- 6421370
TI  - Health library for patients in general practice.
AB  - We describe the establishment of a health lending library for patients in a
      suburban general practice. The library is housed in the surgery waiting room and
      comprises 413 books and 35 audio tapes on topics related to health. Analysis of
      the first year's use showed 703 borrowings (677 books and 26 audio cassettes).
      Borrowers ranged the spectrum of social class and educational status but women
      predominated, and borrowers included many who admitted that they seldom read
      books. Most borrowings were opportunistic, though some were planned by the
      patient and a few recommended by a health care professional. Most readers claimed
      to have learned from their reading and to have found their reading useful. We
      think that a health library is a useful tool of primary care, particularly for
      prevention.

PMID- 6421371
TI  - Approval of trainers and training practices in the Oxford region: criteria.
AB  - New criteria for approving practices for training general practitioners have been
      accepted by the Oxford regional postgraduate subcommittee for general practice.
      These criteria cover the trainer, the practice, and the training. Two further
      papers will discuss new methods of assessment and their evaluation.

PMID- 6421372
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics: a comprehensive system for therapeutic drug monitoring
      and prescribing.
AB  - Clinical pharmacokinetics is an expanding scientific discipline which can make an
      impact on treatment in coronary care, intensive care, paediatrics, general
      medicine and surgery, and general practice. The aim of this study was to
      establish a rapid system of drug assay, to report the result, to assess the
      influence of pathological and clinical factors on the pharmacokinetics of certain
      drugs, and to use a computer to determine the optimum dosage of drugs. The
      clinical pharmacokinetics laboratory in Stobhill is available to all clinical
      departments and to general practitioners in the area. Digoxin, theophylline, and
      phenytoin have been assessed. Initial samples of these drugs showed that only
      about a third were in the therapeutic range; samples obtained after the issue of
      the laboratory report showed an improvement. The predictive performance of the
      computer program improved with feedback of one or two drug concentrations.
      Dosages of drugs chosen on an empirical basis may not lead to optimum treatment,
      and by testing samples early the dosage of the drug can be adjusted. It is hoped
      that the results achieved will encourage other clinical, pharmaceutical, and
      scientific colleagues to develop laboratories along similar lines.

PMID- 6421373
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia associated with metoclopramide.
AB  - Eleven cases of tardive dyskinesia associated with metoclopramide have been
      reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee from 1977 to
      1981, 10 of which developed during the past three years. All patients were women,
      with a mean age of 76 years. Median duration of treatment before the onset of
      symptoms was 14 months. Calculated from total drug sales and prescription
      statistics the incidence of tardive dyskinesia during treatment with
      metoclopramide was estimated to be one in 2000-2800 treatment years.
      Extrapolation of data on long term treatment (more than six months) of patients
      aged 70 years or more, from a survey based on individual prescriptions yielded an
      incidence of more than one in a 1000 patients. Long term treatment with
      metoclopramide is accompanied by a substantial risk of developing tardive
      dyskinesia especially among elderly people.

PMID- 6421374
TI  - Reye's syndrome in the British Isles: first annual report of the joint British
      Paediatric Association and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre surveillance
      scheme.

PMID- 6421375
TI  - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilis: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6421376
TI  - Nursing services.

PMID- 6421377
TI  - Enteral feeds may antagonise warfarin.

PMID- 6421378
TI  - PHLS inquiry into current BCG vaccination policy.

PMID- 6421379
TI  - Rubella immunisation: whose baby?

PMID- 6421380
TI  - British criteria for brain death: views of career grade doctors in Scotland.

PMID- 6421381
TI  - Carbon monoxide yield of cigarettes and its relation to cardiorespiratory
      disease.

PMID- 6421382
TI  - Fetal distress and the condition of newborn infants.

PMID- 6421383
TI  - Not . . . achalasia.

PMID- 6421384
TI  - Effect of perforated appendicitis in girls on subsequent fertility.

PMID- 6421385
TI  - Deputising services.

PMID- 6421386
TI  - Decision making in the National Health Service.

PMID- 6421387
TI  - The deceivers.

PMID- 6421388
TI  - Alcoholic myopathy.

PMID- 6421389
TI  - Chemotherapy of solid tumours: trials and tribulations.

PMID- 6421390
TI  - Contact lenses.

PMID- 6421391
TI  - Adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in operable breast cancer:
      updated results of a randomised trial.
AB  - The results of a randomised trial of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid given as
      adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer were reviewed after a mean follow
      up period of 87 months. Of the 300 patients included in the original trial, 145
      had been allocated to conventional treatment alone and served as controls. At the
      time of review the overall survival of the group given polyadenylic-polyuridylic
      acid was significantly improved (p less than 0.05) as compared with that of the
      controls given conventional treatment alone. Significant benefit (p less than
      0.02) was also observed among patients with evidence of disease in lymph nodes,
      the best results occurring in those with up to three invaded nodes, who showed a
      significant increase in both overall and relapse free survival. No evidence of
      toxicity was recorded. These findings confirm the value of polyadenylic
      polyuridylic acid as adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer. Results in an
      experimental model and in patients receiving the adjuvant suggested a possible
      role of interferon and natural killer (NK) cells in the mechanism of action.

PMID- 6421392
TI  - Colonic Crohn's disease and use of oral contraception.
AB  - The prevalence of use of oral contraception before the onset of disease was
      established in 100 consecutive women attending follow up clinics for inflammatory
      bowel disease. A significant excess of women with Crohn's disease confined to the
      colon had taken oral contraceptives in the year before developing symptoms (10/16
      (63%] compared with women with small-intestinal Crohn's disease (12/49 (24%); p
      less than 0.02) and women with ulcerative colitis (3/35 (9%); p less than
      0.0005). When the patient groups were matched for age and year of onset of
      disease usage of oral contraception before the onset of disease was still more
      common among women with isolated colonic Crohn's disease (9/12, 75%) than among
      those with ulcerative colitis (2/12 (17%); p less than 0.02) and was also more
      common than would be expected from reported figures for oral contraception in
      England and Wales (31.4% of women aged under 41; p less than 0.005). A survey of
      current patient records showed that isolated colonic disease was at least twice
      as common among women with Crohn's disease (63/218, 29%) compared with men
      (25/181, 14%; p less than 0.001). These data support the suggestion made
      previously that oral contraceptives may predispose to a colitis that resembles
      colonic Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6421393
TI  - Relevance of osteoporosis in women with fracture of the femoral neck.
AB  - A prospective study of fractures of the femoral neck was conducted over 12 months
      in order to ascertain the relevance of generalised osteoporosis as determined by
      metacarpal morphometry. A series of some 200 women sustaining a fracture of the
      femoral neck after minor trauma had bone mass measurements similar to those of a
      control population of normal women, and 16% were not osteoporotic. A history of
      previous fractures was documented in one third of the women, but this was
      unrelated to the presence or severity of osteoporosis, although over half of the
      fractures had occurred within the previous four years. Trochanteric fractures
      were seen more commonly in severely osteoporotic women (p less than 0.005),
      whereas cervical fractures predominated in those who were not osteoporotic. These
      findings support the hypothesis that postural instability is the major
      determinant for femoral neck fracture and that generalised osteoporosis, rather
      than being a prerequisite for fracture, merely determines the type of fracture
      sustained.

PMID- 6421394
TI  - Effects of self poisoning with maprotiline.
AB  - Self poisoning with maprotiline was studied in 41 patients (43 episodes)
      consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit. Thirty five patients had taken
      more than one drug or alcohol. Fifteen patients were in coma grade III or IV; 17
      patients were still not conscious after 24 hours in the intensive care unit.
      Among six patients given ventilation the mean duration of ventilation in the five
      who recovered was 36 hours. Three patients had a cardiorespiratory arrest, and
      one patient died. Twenty eight patients had a QRS interval of 100 ms or more, and
      15 patients had seizures. In six patients seizures were precipitated by
      physostigmine. Cardiotoxicity after overdosage of maprotiline is equal to if not
      greater than that found after overdosage of conventional tricyclic
      antidepressants. Overdosage of maprotiline is more often associated with seizures
      than overdosage with tricyclic antidepressants. Physostigmine further increases
      the risk of seizures and should not be used in cases of overdosage of
      maprotiline.

PMID- 6421396
TI  - Paranoid psychosis induced by tocainide.

PMID- 6421395
TI  - Effects of mild physical exercise on serum lipoproteins and metabolites of
      arachidonic acid: a controlled randomised trial in middle aged men.
AB  - To study the effects of physical exercise on biochemical risk factors for
      ischaemic heart disease 31 healthy middle aged men undertook regular physical
      exercise for two months and 29 served as controls in a randomised trial. In the
      men taking regular exercise serum cholesterol concentrations increased 26% more
      in the high density lipoprotein subfraction two (HDL2) and decreased 31% more in
      the subfraction three (HDL3) and 9% more in the low density lipoprotein fraction
      than in the control group. A tendency towards increased plasma 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration and decreased serum thromboxane B2
      concentration was found during the period of regular exercise, but prostaglandin
      E2 concentrations remained unchanged. The increase in plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha concentration was associated with an increase in serum HDL2 cholesterol
      concentration in the group taking regular exercise. Our data suggest that mild
      regular physical exercise favourably influences cholesterol distribution in serum
      lipoproteins in healthy middle aged men and may have beneficial effects on
      circulating metabolites of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6421397
TI  - Hypocalcaemia in pernicious anaemia.

PMID- 6421398
TI  - Disodium etidronate in hypercalcaemia due to immobilisation.

PMID- 6421399
TI  - Evaluation of a course for general practitioners on muscles and joints.
AB  - We attempted to evaluate a course on muscle and joint problems for general
      practitioners using a practice log diary and a factual test paper, which were
      completed both before and after the course by the doctors attending. A
      significant improvement was shown in the group score in the test paper taken
      after the course (p less than 0.001). Scores in the tests before and after had a
      negative correlation with age (p less than 0.001). In comparing the data in the
      second log diary with those in the first there was a significant reduction in the
      prescribing of drugs (p less than 0.001), use of heat treatment (p less than
      0.001), and in "other" forms of treatment (p less than 0.01). No appreciable
      change in investigations or number of hospital referrals was shown. Those doctors
      who had low scores in the first factual test referred appreciably more patients
      to hospital and requested more x ray examinations (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6421400
TI  - Approval of trainers and training practices in the Oxford region: assessment.
AB  - This is the second paper of three on criteria for approval of trainers of general
      practitioners drawn up for the Oxford region. This paper describes assessment of
      trainers and training practices by a team of general practitioners who visit for
      one day.

PMID- 6421401
TI  - A difficult case: a trainee patient.

PMID- 6421402
TI  - What annoys me most: the kerbside consultation.

PMID- 6421403
TI  - A community training scheme in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - Community instruction in basic life support and resuscitation techniques has been
      offered in Brighton Health District since 1978. Classes are held frequently for
      the general public and businesses, schools, and other organisations. First aid
      care for unconscious patients, the treatment of respiratory obstruction or
      failure, and the recognition and management of cardiac arrest is taught in a
      single two hour session. Over 20 000 people have been taught, up to 40 at a time
      in multiple groups of six to eight, by lay instructors usually supervised by
      ambulancemen trained to "paramedic" standards. Fifty four incidents have been
      reported to us in which techniques learnt in the classes have been implemented.
      Five patients recovered after first aid support but subsequently did not seek
      medical treatment. Of the 34 patients reviewed in hospital, at least 20 survived
      to be discharged. We believe that intervention may have been life saving in 16
      instances. The benefit of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for victims who may have
      been asystolic is, however, difficult to quantify because the outcome without
      intervention cannot be predicted accurately. Community training in basic life
      support should be considered in association with ambulances equipped for
      resuscitation and hospital intensive care and cardiac care units as an integrated
      service for the victims of sudden circulatory or respiratory emergencies. The
      results achieved so far in Brighton and in other more advanced schemes,
      particularly in the United States of America, may encourage other health
      authorities to adopt similar programmes.

PMID- 6421404
TI  - Micropenis: an important early sign of congenital hypopituitarism.

PMID- 6421405
TI  - For debate... paramedics in the United Kingdom?

PMID- 6421406
TI  - Toxocariasis in the British Isles 1982-3.

PMID- 6421407
TI  - Influenza surveillance: November 1982-June 1983.

PMID- 6421408
TI  - Women in prison.

PMID- 6421410
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6421409
TI  - Public health education campaigns are worth while.

PMID- 6421411
TI  - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases: molluscum contagiosum.

PMID- 6421412
TI  - Acute brain stem stroke during neck manipulation.

PMID- 6421413
TI  - Treatment of acute stroke.

PMID- 6421414
TI  - Perthes' disease of the hip in Liverpool.

PMID- 6421415
TI  - Danger of dead space in U100 insulin syringes.

PMID- 6421416
TI  - Falciparum malaria resistant to chloroquine and Fansidar: implications for
      prophylaxis.

PMID- 6421417
TI  - Excretion of verapamil in human milk.

PMID- 6421418
TI  - Characteristics of patients aged over 75 not seen during one year in general
      practice.

PMID- 6421419
TI  - Prevention of urinary retention with phenoxybenzamine during epidural morphine.

PMID- 6421420
TI  - Cancer in organ transplant recipients: part of an induced immune deficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 6421421
TI  - Repetitive publication: a waste that must stop.

PMID- 6421422
TI  - Seat belt success: where next?

PMID- 6421423
TI  - Mortality and morbidity among the old.

PMID- 6421425
TI  - The sicca syndrome in thalassaemia major.
AB  - A 20 year old man with beta thalassaemia developed symptoms of the sicca
      syndrome. His serum contained rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies. A
      biopsy specimen of labial salivary gland showed large accumulations of
      haemosiderin within the parenchymal cells of the acini. Although in this case the
      sicca syndrome could not be definitely distinguished from Sjogren's syndrome, the
      patient's HLA type was not the one usually associated with Sjogren's syndrome.
      Histological appearances suggested that the causative factor of the sicca
      syndrome was iron overload owing to an intensive blood transfusion regimen.

PMID- 6421424
TI  - Human ultralente insulin.
AB  - The greater solubility of human insulin and its possible faster action have led
      to doubts about whether a sufficiently long acting formulation could be produced
      to provide a basal supply for diabetics. In a double blind crossover study in 18
      diabetics human ultralente insulin was as effective as beef ultralente insulin in
      controlling basal plasma glucose concentrations (median 5.7 mmol/l (103 mg/100
      ml) with human and 6.3 mmol/l (114 mg/100 ml) with beef ultralente insulin
      respectively). There was no significant difference between human and bovine
      insulin in the rise in plasma glucose concentration from 0400 to 0700 after an
      injection the previous morning and no difference between patients receiving an
      adequate or insufficient dose of human ultralente insulin. Bovine insulin
      antibody binding was reduced with human insulin (p less than 0.002), which
      suggests that human insulin is less antigenic than beef insulin. Once daily human
      ultralente insulin provides a suitable formulation for the basal insulin
      requirement of diabetics.

PMID- 6421426
TI  - Glycosylation of hair: possible measure of chronic hyperglycaemia.
AB  - To determine whether hair is excessively glycosylated in diabetes mellitus 4 cm
      hair samples were taken proximally from behind the ear in 50 white non-diabetics
      and 46 diabetics. Hair glycosylation was assayed by a modification of the
      thiobarbituric acid reaction. Blood was taken from the diabetics at the same time
      for measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin concentration. The mean (1 SD)
      concentration of fructosamine (mumol/100 mg hair) was 0.054 (0.011) for normal
      hair. Glycosylation was not related to sex, age, or hair colour. The diabetics'
      hair was more heavily glycosylated (0.097 (0.045] than normal (p less than 0.01)
      and there was a correlation between hair glycosylation and the concentration of
      glycosylated haemoglobin in the diabetics (r = 0.71; p less than 0.01). Hair from
      non-diabetics showed a stable time related increase in glycosylation when
      incubated with glucose. Glycosylation of hair might provide a stable long term
      measure of tissue glycosylation, useful in the investigation of microvascular
      complications of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6421427
TI  - Reversal by verapamil of defect in sodium transport in leucocytes in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - The effect of treatment with verapamil on cell sodium transport was studied in
      the leucocytes of patients with essential hypertension. Previously described
      abnormalities of sodium efflux rate constant and intracellular sodium content
      were confirmed, the component of the sodium efflux rate constant sensitive to
      ouabain being lower and the intracellular sodium content higher in the patients
      compared with controls. Verapamil reversed these abnormalities and reduced blood
      pressure.

PMID- 6421428
TI  - Malabsorption of protein bound vitamin B12.
AB  - Patients with subnormal serum vitamin B12 concentrations were tested for
      absorption of protein bound vitamin B12 and compared with controls. Absorption of
      the protein bound vitamin appeared to decrease with increasing age in healthy
      subjects. Differences between the result of this test and the result of the
      Schilling test in patients who had undergone gastric surgery were confirmed; such
      differences were also seen in some patients who had iron deficiency anaemia, an
      excessive alcohol intake, or folate deficiency. Defective absorption was also
      found in six patients with an adequate dietary intake of vitamin B12, normal
      Schilling test results, low serum vitamin concentrations, and tissue changes
      responding to treatment with vitamin B12. Malabsorption of the vitamin from
      protein bound sources, which is not detected by the Schilling test, may produce
      vitamin B12 deficiency of clinical importance.

PMID- 6421429
TI  - Relation between osmolality of diet and gastrointestinal side effects in enteral
      nutrition.
AB  - One hundred and eighteen patients with normal gastrointestinal function were
      randomly allocated to one of three feeding regimens in a double blind study to
      determine the relation between the tonicity of the diet and gastrointestinal side
      effects related to the diet and to evaluate the efficacy of "starter" regimens in
      reducing gastrointestinal side effects during enteral nutrition. Patients
      received a hypertonic diet with an osmolality of 430 mmol (mosmol)/kg (group 1),
      the same diet but with the osmolality increasing from 145 to 430 mmol/kg over the
      first four days (group 2), or an isotonic diet (300 mmol/kg) (group 3). All diets
      were prepared aseptically and administered by 24 hour nasogastric infusion. The
      mean daily nitrogen intake in group 1 was significantly greater (p less than
      0.05) than that in both groups 2 and 3, and the mean overall daily nitrogen
      balance was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in group 1 than groups 2 and
      3. The incidence of side effects related to the diet was similar in all three
      groups, but diarrhoea was significantly (p less than 0.001) associated with
      concurrent treatment with antibiotics. These findings show that undiluted
      hypertonic diet results in significantly better nitrogen intake and balance, that
      starter regimens reduce nutrient intake but not symptoms, and that diarrhoea is
      significantly related to treatment with antibiotics and not to administration of
      an undiluted hypertonic polymeric diet.

PMID- 6421430
TI  - Unusual dislocations associated with epileptic fits.

PMID- 6421431
TI  - Accidental childhood poisoning with household products.

PMID- 6421432
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with ornithosis pneumonia.

PMID- 6421433
TI  - It's come a long way.

PMID- 6421434
TI  - Approval of trainers and training practices in the Oxford region: evaluation.
AB  - This is the third paper on criteria and methods for approving trainers and
      training practices drawn up in the Oxford region. In this paper we discuss how
      they were evaluated.

PMID- 6421435
TI  - At the roadside: assessment of activities of a general practitioner accident
      service.
AB  - Members of the Mid-Anglia General Practitioner Accident Service (MAGPAS) have
      completed an accident report form after attending each incident since the service
      was formed in 1972. In 1982 a new form was introduced, and this paper analyses
      the first 1000 forms that have been returned where a patient was examined at the
      roadside. During 1982, 1515 calls were received by MAGPAS, and in 97% of these a
      doctor was sent immediately: 55% of the calls were passed to the doctor within
      one minute of the receipt of the call in the MAGPAS control room and 81% within
      two minutes. The doctor arrived ahead of the ambulance in 40% of the callouts and
      63 patients had an obstructed airway which was cleared by the doctor before the
      ambulance arrived. Of the 1816 patients seen, 142 required intravenous fluid
      replacement. This report suggests that in a rural area a well organised general
      practitioner accident service can play a vital part in the early management of
      seriously injured victims of road accidents.

PMID- 6421436
TI  - Total and free thyroid hormone concentrations in patients receiving maintenance
      replacement treatment with thyroxine.
AB  - Total and free serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were
      measured in 122 subjects with hypothyroidism who were clinically well while
      receiving conventional replacement treatment with thyroxine. In a third of
      patients concentrations of total and free thyroxine were raised, often
      considerably; nevertheless concentrations of total and free triiodothyronine were
      usually normal. Though significant correlations were obtained between total
      triiodothyronine concentrations and total thyroxine concentrations (p less than
      0.001) and between the triiodothyronine concentrations and free thyroxine
      concentrations (p less than 0.001) the slope of the line of the regression
      equation describing these correlations was small, hence large increases in both
      total and free thyroxine concentrations were accompanied by only modest increases
      in total and free triiodothyronine concentrations. The presence of total or free
      thyroxine concentrations above normal in patients taking thyroxine therefore are
      not necessarily of clinical consequence. In the assessment of adequacy of
      replacement treatment with thyroxine the most logical combination of in vitro
      thyroid function test results may be a normal thyrotrophin concentration and
      normal free triiodothyronine concentration.

PMID- 6421437
TI  - For debate...Caucasian.

PMID- 6421438
TI  - Comparison of 12 different containers for dispensing anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Twelve containers manufactured by 10 pharmaceutical companies for dispensing anti
      inflammatory drugs, 10 of which are currently in use in the United Kingdom, have
      been compared in 99 patients with arthritis of the hands. Patients were given the
      containers in random order and were asked to open them, extract the tablets, and
      close them. Patients were questioned on ease of handling at each stage and were
      then timed on reopening and closing each container. Finally, the patients were
      asked which container was the best and which was the worst. There was a wide
      variation in popularity of containers. One was judged outstanding on almost every
      attribute, and four were preferred over the others on most attributes. A
      successful container for arthritic hands is likely to have a sharply angulated or
      "wing" cap placed on a tall slim base that is also angulated. Flip off tops, tops
      with long threads requiring many turns, very small containers, and glass were
      regarded as unfavourable. Manufacturers should take note of these findings and,
      where necessary, consider redesigning the containers.

PMID- 6421439
TI  - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases. Psychosexual problems.

PMID- 6421440
TI  - "Schools for criminals".

PMID- 6421441
TI  - Local formularies and good patient care.

PMID- 6421442
TI  - Intravenous aminophylline in acutely ill patients receiving theophylline.

PMID- 6421444
TI  - Possible method of identifying spotter practices.

PMID- 6421443
TI  - Goats' milk for infants and children.

PMID- 6421445
TI  - The nursing process.

PMID- 6421446
TI  - Activity after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6421448
TI  - The state of the prisons.

PMID- 6421447
TI  - Danger of dead space in U100 insulin syringes.

PMID- 6421449
TI  - Susceptibility of Treponema pallidum to the toxic products of oxygen reduction
      and the non-treponemal nature of its catalase.
AB  - We examined the sensitivity of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) to toxic
      products of oxygen reduction. T pallidum was sensitive to hydrogen peroxide at
      concentrations similar to those to which obligate anaerobes are sensitive.
      Accelerated death of T pallidum occurred at hydrogen peroxide concentrations
      below 50 mumol/l. Agents protective against hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl
      free radical (catalase, peroxidase, and mannitol) significantly enhanced
      treponemal survival in vitro under all three conditions of aerobiosis tested-
      that is, air, 3% oxygen, and 3% oxygen in conjunction with a reduced medium.
      Superoxide dismutase (which provides protection against superoxide radicals) did
      not enhance treponemal survival in normal media. When superoxide radicals were
      generated in the medium by means of a xanthine and xanthine oxidase system,
      however, the enzyme did protect T pallidum. A possible toxic involvement of
      singlet oxygen was also indicated by enhanced treponemal survival in air in the
      presence of histidine. Extracts of T pallidum from infected rabbit testes showed
      catalase activity which, on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had the same
      relative mobility as purified rabbit catalase. The treponemal catalase activity
      was neutralised by anti rabbit catalase antiserum (raised in guinea pigs). This
      confirmed that the catalase was of rabbit origin and not an endogenous enzyme of
      T pallidum. We discuss the relation of these results to the obligate parasitism
      of T pallidum.

PMID- 6421450
TI  - Epidemiology of PPNG infections in Amsterdam: analysis by auxanographic typing
      and plasmid characterisation.
AB  - In January 1981 the incidence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      (PPNG) strains in Amsterdam had increased to 18% of all new cases of gonorrhoea.
      Auxanographic typing in combination with plasmid determination of 729 PPNG
      strains showed that in 1981 the predominant and endemic types were those with the
      Africa plasmid and transfer factor which were non-requiring and inhibited by
      phenylalanine. In 1982 proline requiring strains with the Asia plasmid and
      transfer factor increased after being imported and spread by prostitution. Four
      different plasmid patterns and 12 auxotypes were distinguishable. Unusual
      auxotypes of both African and Asian plasmid types are frequently imported, some
      disappearing soon after their introduction into Holland but others providing an
      opportunity to trace sources and contacts. Prostitution and the biological
      properties of PPNG strains seem to play an important role in their spread. Only
      2.6% of them were isolated from homosexual men. In areas where PPNG strains are
      prevalent, auxotyping is an important tool in their surveillance.

PMID- 6421452
TI  - Coagglutination identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6421451
TI  - Interaction between Trichomonas vaginalis and other pathogenic micro-organisms of
      the human genital tract.
AB  - Trichomonas vaginalis organisms were mixed with suspensions of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis or Chlamydia trachomatis to allow ingestion of
      these micro-organisms by the trichomonads. Culture studies indicated that
      gonococci and mycoplasmas were ingested and that the number of intracellular
      viable organisms decreased rapidly, most gonococci being killed within six hours
      and all mycoplasmas within three hours. Electron microscopy revealed phagocytic
      uptake and destruction of these two micro-organisms within the trichomonads,
      gonococcal degradation being associated with lysosomal enzyme activity. There was
      no evidence from cultural or electron microscopy studies that C trachomatis
      organisms persisted in mixed culture with T vaginalis.

PMID- 6421453
TI  - A suspected case of sarcocystis encephalitis in sheep.

PMID- 6421454
TI  - Selective cognitive impairment during focal and generalized epileptiform EEG
      activity.
AB  - It is well established that generalized epileptiform EEG discharges unaccompanied
      by overt clinical change may nevertheless be associated with transitory cognitive
      impairment (TCI) detectable by appropriate psychological testing. However, the
      tests employed in most research studies of this phenomenon are of little use for
      routine clinical application. They are suitable for administration only over
      short periods of time and are therefore applicable only to patients with a high
      discharge rate, a serious limitation, as the discharges are generally depressed
      by the tests themselves. We have developed two short-term memory tasks, one using
      verbal, the other nonverbal material presented in the form of television games
      which patients are generally prepared to perform for up to an hour or longer.
      Forty-six patients with subclinical EEG discharges have been studied. They were
      screened by video monitoring before and during testing to exclude any with overt
      clinical changes during the discharges. Despite this rigorous selection, in 50
      per cent TCI was demonstrable with a confidence level (within the individual
      patient) of 10 per cent. Discharges during stimulus presentation were most
      disruptive of performance and those confined to the period when the patient was
      responding were without demonstrable effect. A significant association was found
      between the laterality of focal or asymmetrical generalized discharges and
      impairment of one or other task, left-sided discharges being associated with
      errors in the verbal task and right-sided with impairment of the nonverbal test.
      Two case histories are cited illustrating patients who were clearly handicapped
      by TCI and whose functioning improved when the subclinical discharges were
      suppressed by medication. To determine how many patients suffer such disabilities
      or can be helped by appropriate medication, further prospective studies are
      required.

PMID- 6421455
TI  - Localization of function in the cerebral cortex. Past, present and future.
AB  - At a famous meeting of the International Medical Congress held in London on
      August 4, 1881 Goltz of Strassburg (as it was then spelt) confronted Ferrier of
      London on the subject of the localization of function in the cerebral cortex. In
      the first part of this paper the events of that meeting are recalled. Goltz was
      reluctant to accept the idea of localization because of the restitution of
      function after injury to the cortex, and because of the general rather than
      specific residual disabilities of his lesioned dogs. On the other hand, Ferrier's
      monkeys with cortical lesions demonstrated convincingly that local lesions can
      produce loss of specific functions. One hundred years later a meeting was held in
      Oxford on the same topic, and the discussions that took place are summarized in
      the second part of this paper. No-one doubted the doctrine of localization,
      namely that different parts of the cerebral cortex normally perform different
      specialized roles. However, there was no unanimity about how to separate or count
      the number of different parts of the cortex, nor about the nature of the
      specialized roles of the parts, nor about any common characteristics of the
      functions of different parts. In other words, though localization was agreed
      upon, precisely what the functions are that are localized remained obscure. The
      third section of this paper advances some speculations on this point. Is a theory
      of cortical function that would encompass the diverse roles of different parts
      perhaps within sight, which might even explain the plasticity that must underlie
      the restitution of function that so impressed Goltz one hundred years ago?

PMID- 6421456
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius on self
      stimulation behavior.
AB  - The electrical stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) produced
      profound suppression of self-stimulation (ICSS) in cats. This effect depended on
      the sequence and side of NTS stimulation, as well as on the stimulus parameters
      and locus of self-stimulation. The suppressive effect of NTS stimulation on ICSS
      was not abolished by ipsilateral vagotomy, thus the vagal bradycardia probably is
      not involved in the suppression of ICSS.

PMID- 6421457
TI  - Columnar organization of callosal and associational projections from rat frontal
      cortex.
AB  - Autoradiography and HRP histochemistry were used to study the laminar and
      columnar distribution of callosal and associational connections of areas 6 and 10
      of Krieg in the rat frontal cortex. In coronal sections through homotopic
      contralateral areas and ipsilateral somatosensory cortex, terminations of
      projections arising in frontal cortex formed discrete vertical columns; these
      were 250-750 micron wide and alternated with unlabeled or poorly labeled areas of
      approximately equal width. In reconstructions from serial coronal sections
      through these areas, the terminal fields formed a series of bands. The location
      of retrogradely labeled neurons tended to reciprocate the distribution of
      terminal label, although the boundaries of terminal and cell label were not
      always in precise register. These findings indicate that in the rat, both
      association and callosal projections exhibit a terminal organization remarkably
      similar in width and spacing to that observed in primates. Thus, a columnar mode
      of termination of cortico-cortical fibers may be an organizational feature common
      to mammalian neocortex.

PMID- 6421458
TI  - Effects of cardiac denervation on levels of neuronal survival factors for
      cultured autonomic neurones.
AB  - The content of survival factors for sympathetic, sensory and parasympathetic
      neurones in the heart was examined after denervation with either 6
      hydroxydopamine or vagal transection. There was a correlation between the type of
      nerve sectioned in vivo and the type of neurone whose survival in vitro was
      enhanced by the presence of denervated target tissue.

PMID- 6421459
TI  - Energy metabolism of groups of broiler breeders in open-circuit respiration
      chambers.
AB  - Energy metabolism of broiler breeders housed in groups was measured in large open
      circuit respiration chambers. The design, function and calibration of the
      chambers are described. Each of the three chambers has a capacity for 24 pullets
      or adult layers, or 16 adult broiler breeders. Control of ventilation rate is by
      calibrated choked-flow nozzles. Before experiments were started the system was
      assessed by CO2 infusion and recovery and ethanol combustion studies. Percentage
      CO2 recoveries were greater than 98 of infused and the mean (+/- SD) quotient of
      CO2 produced to O2 consumed from the combusion of ethanol was 0.67 (+/- 0.02).
      Forty-eight broiler breeder hens in lay were placed in the respiration chambers
      (16 per chamber) and fed at different rates from around maintenance to about
      twice this value. The energy required for maintenance (MEm) was 365 kJ/kgW0.75 d
      and the efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy (ME) for production
      (kp) was 0.70. Starvation heat production was about 350 kJ/kgW0.75 d and was
      shown to affect the derived values of the energetic parameters when included in
      the relationship between retained energy and metabolisable energy intake.
      Published results were recalculated and found to support this.

PMID- 6421460
TI  - Prostaglandins in cancer: a review.

PMID- 6421461
TI  - [The neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor (NGF) synthetized by murine L-929
      cells is not associated with alpha and gamma subunits].
AB  - L-929 cells secrete a neurotrophic factor which is immunologically related to the
      beta NGF present in the male Mouse submaxillary gland. In order to determine
      whether L-929 cells also synthesize the alpha and gamma subunits which are
      associated with the beta NGF in the gland, immunoprecipitations were performed
      with appropriate antisera. Our results indicate the absence of alpha and gamma
      subunits in the extracellular medium or in the cell extracts and suggest that the
      synthesis and secretion of the beta NGF by the L cells does not require these two
      proteins.

PMID- 6421462
TI  - [Comparative study of circadian changes of the mortality of mice with respect to
      2 aminoglycosides, gentamycin and dibekacin].
AB  - We compare the acute toxicity of a dose of gentamicin or dibekacin in Mice at
      different times of the day. The female Mice are housed with food and water ad
      libitum for one and half week, ten or fifteen per cage in a light controlled room
      (lights on from 8 to 20 hrs). Each animal was given gentamycin (250, 275, 300 or
      325 mg/kg) intramuscular and dibekacin (320, 355, 390, 425 or 460 mg/kg) at one
      of four times: 8, 14, 20 and 2 hrs). After injection, the animals are kept in
      their cages and observed for 10 days. We show that the circadian
      biosusceptibility rhythm in dibekacin toxicity is similar to that of gentamycin
      with significant differences in the mortality at the four hours. There is an
      evident parallelism between the curves for gentamycin and dibekacin but the
      differences in the percentage of mortality rate are more important for gentamycin
      than for dibekacin.

PMID- 6421463
TI  - [Presence of the terminal complement activation complex (C5b-9) on cell remnants
      within connective matrices of normal human kidney].
AB  - The C5b-9 neoantigen of the terminal complex of human complement was localized on
      cell remnants in connective matrices of normal kidney using immunohistochemical
      techniques. These observations suggest that the complement system plays a role in
      the shedding process of plasma membranes from aging cells.

PMID- 6421464
TI  - [Mitogenic responses of splenic lymphoid cells of rats exposed in vitro to
      normobaric oxygen].
AB  - Rat spleen cells were cultivated in 1 ATA pure oxygen. The mitogenic responses
      with Con A were evaluated at different time of exposure (12 to 72 hrs). There was
      a stimulation of the cells after 12 hrs of exposure, which diminished at 18 hrs,
      in spite of the fact that the viability of the cells remained unchanged till 24
      hrs of exposure. The kinetics of the mitogenic response of the splenic
      lymphocytes exposed to oxygen is biphasic as has been observed after irradiation.

PMID- 6421465
TI  - [Membrane binding of insulin antigenic sites in the Golgi apparatus of pancreatic
      B cells].
AB  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with anti-insulin antiserum allowed the
      detection of insulin antigenic sites localized at the inner aspect of the
      cisternae of the Golgi apparatus in pancreatic B-cells. By contrast, in secretory
      granules released from the Golgi apparatus, insulin antigenic sites were
      localized over the granule content but not on the membrane. The demonstration of
      insulin antigenic sites at the level of the Golgi membranes is compatible with
      the presence of specific insulin receptors and/or charge interactions between the
      insulin and the membrane. Binding at this level could in turn be involved in the
      sorting out of insulin polypeptides destined to be concentrated in secretory
      granules.

PMID- 6421466
TI  - [The progesterone receptor in the chicken oviduct: double disclosure by
      immunohistochemistry with antireceptor antibodies and autoradiography with
      tritiated progestin].
AB  - Explants of estradiol primed Chicken oviduct were incubated with a tritiated
      synthetic progestin (3H-Org 2058). Frozen sections were processed either for
      autoradiography, or for immunohistochemistry with two different antibodies to the
      progesterone receptor, or, for the first time, by the two techniques combined on
      the same section. In all cell types (glands, luminal epithelium, stroma,
      mesothelium and muscle fibers) where the tritiated hormone was concentrated in
      the nuclei, the receptor was also recognized in the nuclei by both antibodies. In
      the center part of the explants, cells did not show radioactive nuclear labeling,
      though the nuclei displayed the same intensity of reaction with the antibodies as
      external cells. This result suggests the presence of progesterone receptor in
      nuclei of target cells even in absence of progesterone. The same combined double
      hormonal and immunological evidence of progesterone receptor was obtained in
      pituitary cells of a chicken injected with 3H-Org 2058.

PMID- 6421467
TI  - DRG's: regulations & responses. Interview by Marilyn Chow.

PMID- 6421468
TI  - Some properties of aminopeptidase associated with rat brain cortical
      synaptosomes.
AB  - To understand the breakdown of peptides in the brain, we studied the
      aminopeptidase associated with synaptosome particles. A continuous
      spectrophotometric assay in stirred cuvettes was used to follow the kinetics of
      inactivation by EDTA and by diethyl pyrocarbonate. The sensitivity of the enzyme
      towards puromycin and leucine hydroxamate was also determined. The results are
      consistent with the presence of a single species of aminopeptidase in freshly
      prepared synaptosome. This enzyme is capable of degrading Met-enkephalin in vitro
      and is distinct from microsomal leucine aminopeptidase. Storage of synaptosomes
      by freezing and subsequent thawing changed some properties of the enzyme and
      partially solubilized the enzyme. These studies suggest that there are advantages
      in studying the enzyme in its native particle-bound state.

PMID- 6421469
TI  - Studies on TI-2 trypsin inhibitor of Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - The trypsin inhibitor TI-2 produced by Streptomyces griseus Cal in a medium,
      containing beef extract and peptone as the nitrogen source, was purified by
      ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. Amino acid analysis showed
      that it contained hydroxyproline and carbohydrate whereas tyrosine, tryptophan,
      and cystine were absent. The composition of the inhibitor protein thus showed a
      similarity to collagen. Growth of the organism in a medium with gelatin as the
      sole nitrogen source resulted in the production of the same TI-2 inhibitor.
      Incubation of gelatin with either concentrated culture filtrate, trypsin, or
      chymotrypsin also yielded trypsin inhibitors. The product isolated from the in
      vitro incubation of gelatin with trypsin appeared to be the same as TI-2. To the
      author's knowledge, this is the first report that peptides obtained by enzymic
      hydrolyses of gelatin are trypsin inhibitors.

PMID- 6421471
TI  - Costs and "benefits" of cigarette smoking [letter].

PMID- 6421470
TI  - Phenoxymethyl penicillin in the horse: an alternative to parenteral
      administration of penicillin.
AB  - This preliminary study evaluated phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin V) as an
      alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin in horses. Penicillin V
      was administered orally to five horses at two different doses and plasma levels
      of the drug were determined at timed intervals. The results were evaluated by
      regression analysis. Following the administration of penicillin V at a dose of
      66,000 IU/kg or 110,000 IU/kg, the mean peak plasma levels obtained were 1.55
      micrograms/mL and 2.34 micrograms/mL respectively. A plasma level two to four
      times above the minimal inhibitory concentration level of Streptococcus equi and
      Streptococcus zooepidemicus was maintained for 325 minutes at 66,000 IU/kg and
      349 minutes at 110,000 IU/kg. Penicillin V given orally was thus shown to be an
      acceptable alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin in the horse.

PMID- 6421472
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with or without hexamethylmelamine in alkylating-agent
      resistant ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The study was designed to determine the efficacy of a two-drug and three-drug
      combination chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian
      carcinoma resistant to alkylating monotherapy. Patients were randomized to
      receive either Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (AP)
      repeated every 3 weeks, or AP plus hexamethylmelamine (HAP) repeated every 5
      weeks. Forty-five patients were evaluable for response and 49 for survival. No
      significant differences were found between the treatment groups as to response
      rate, progression-free survival, and survival. A remission was achieved in 20% of
      the patients and stable disease in another 20%. Median progression-free survival
      of all patients was only 4 months (median survival, 6 months). All patients
      showed progressive disease within 13 months after the onset of chemotherapy.
      Patients responding to treatment and those with an interval of more than 2 years
      between the initial diagnosis and cancer recurrence, experienced prolonged
      survival. Two conclusions can be drawn from the results of this study; neither of
      the regimens is superior to the other, and the effect of both in alkylator
      resistant patients with ovarian cancer are meager. In studies on salvage
      chemotherapy, to the contrary, these combinations induced remissions in more than
      40% of the patients. This difference in response rate might be due to differences
      between the prognostic factors of the patient populations. Better results are to
      be expected when these drugs are used in initial drug programs for previously
      untreated patients.

PMID- 6421473
TI  - Testicular function following bone marrow transplantation performed during or
      after puberty.
AB  - Testicular function was assessed in eight males who had undergone bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT) during or shortly after puberty. Their ages ranged between
      10 years, 10 months and 17 years, 3 months (median, 13 years, 7 months) at the
      time of BMT, and they were followed 13 to 77 months (median, 36 months)
      posttransplantation. Therapy for BMT consisted of high-dose, short-term
      chemotherapy either alone (Group I) or in combination with single-dose
      irradiation, total lymphoid (Group II) or total body (Group III). Subjects in
      Group III had all received combination chemotherapy prior to BMT. Hormonal and
      clinical evidence of germ-cell dysfunction was common in that 6 patients
      manifested elevated plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and four
      subjects were found to have a subnormal testicular volume. Of the six patients
      with abnormal FSH values, four were followed serially, and all showed
      normalization over time. Leydig cell function was less impaired in that seven of
      the eight patients produced normal adult male levels of testosterone, including
      three subjects with elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. All eight developed
      normal adult male secondary sexual characteristics. It is concluded that the
      therapy utilized for BMT causes damage primarily to germinal epithelium which
      appears amenable to recovery. This may be due, in part, to the use of single dose
      rather than fractionated radiation.

PMID- 6421474
TI  - Kinetics of human light chain synthesis by human-mouse myeloma hybrids.
AB  - Human myeloma cells from a patient suffering from a lambda Bence-Jones myeloma
      were hybridized with a continuous mouse myeloma cell line. Several hybrids were
      obtained, two of which produced the same lambda chain produced by the patient.
      They have proved to be stable over long periods of time in continuous cell
      culture. Kinetics of growth of this line proved to be linear over 72 h. This
      growth rate is independent of any possible nutrient depletion effect from the
      media. Rate of production of lambda chain was highest (45 micrograms/10(6)
      cells/24 h) when cell density was between 3-5 X 10(5)/ml and decreased as cell
      density increased. Efficiency of human light chain synthesis in these hybrids is
      similar to murine Ig synthesis by the producer parental mouse cells. Human-mouse
      myeloma hybrids that produce large quantities of human Igs can be established
      routinely, are stable over long periods of time, and can be used as a model
      system for the study of the control of synthesis of human Igs.

PMID- 6421475
TI  - Metabolism of tRNA in rats with aflatoxin B1-induced hepatomas.
AB  - This study describes effects of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatomas on RNA metabolism
      in rats. At 4 and 24 hours after the administration of L-(14CH3)-methionine, tRNA
      was isolated from the livers and hydrolyzed enzymatically to nucleosides which
      were quantitatively measured by HPLC. Radioactivity of the nucleosides was also
      determined. The data indicate that although tRNA methylation may be more rapid in
      livers with hepatomas, catabolism of tRNA in tumorous tissue is slower than in
      control livers. The large increase in some radioactive methylated nucleosides and
      bases by the tumor-bearing rats during the 24-hour period following the
      administration of labeled methionine indicates increased turnover of mRNA and
      rRNA as well as tRNA. Since degradation of tumor tRNA appears to be delayed, the
      excessive amounts of the urinary methylated nucleosides must be derived from RNA
      in nonneoplastic tissue.

PMID- 6421476
TI  - The effect of steric strain in the bay-region of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons: tumorigenicity of alkyl-substituted benz[a]anthracenes.
AB  - 3,6-Dimethylcholanthrene (3,6-DMC) and 7,11,12-trimethylbenz[a]anthrene (7,11,12
      TMBA) were tested for tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin as an approach to
      evaluate the potential role of steric strain in the bay-region on tumorigenic
      potency. Methyl-substitution at the 6-position of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)
      increases steric strain in the bay-region of the hydrocarbon as it does at the 12
      position of benz[a]anthracene (BA) causing both hydrocarbons to become non
      planar. 3,6-DMC had at least 2- to 3-fold higher tumor-initiating activity than
      did 3-MC. Introduction of an 11-methyl group in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      (7,12-DMBA) results in the formation of a more highly hindered (buttressing
      effect) hydrocarbon. 7,11,12-TMBA had 5% or less of the tumor-initiating activity
      of 7,12-DMBA, although the hydrocarbon still had relatively high tumorigenic
      activity on mouse skin. The results obtained with 3,6-DMC and studies reported
      previously with other methyl-substituted hydrocarbons, show that hydrocarbons
      possessing steric strain in the bay-region of the molecule can have enhanced
      tumorigenic activity. The basis of this steric effect remains unclear, however,
      as a result of the decreased tumorigenic activity of the 11-methyl-substituted
      derivative of 7,12-DMBA. The weak tumor-initiating activity of BA was enhanced at
      least 4- to 8-fold as a result of methyl-substitution at the 6- and 8-positions
      (6,8-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene). The higher tumorigenic activity of 6,8
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene compared to BA is consistent with a presumed decrease
      in metabolic detoxification of the dimethyl-substituted derivative at the 5,6-
      and 8,9-double bonds.

PMID- 6421478
TI  - Fibronectin concentrations in pleural effusions of patients with malignant and
      non-malignant diseases.
AB  - We have determined the amount of fibronectin in pleural fluids and plasma of 131
      patients suffering from pleurisy of malignant and non-malignant etiology. We
      observed a significantly higher concentration of fibronectin in pleural fluids of
      a few patients with mesothelioma as compared with that found in pleural fluids of
      patients with pleurisies of different etiology. In these patients the pleural
      fluid fibronectin concentration was higher than that measured in plasma,
      suggesting local synthesis of fibronectin.

PMID- 6421477
TI  - Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-DNA adduct formation in mouse embryo cell cultures.
AB  - Neither butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) nor butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
      significantly reduced overall 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)--DNA adduct
      formation in mouse embryo cell cultures. However, analysis of DMBA--DNA adducts
      by Servacel DHB chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography showed
      that treatment of cells with BHA, but not with BHT, resulted in a decreased
      contribution from the syn bay region dihydrodiol epoxide to overall binding.

PMID- 6421479
TI  - Delay of bladder cancer induction in rats treated with N-nitroso-N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)amine by administration of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Mesna).
AB  - The influence of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (Mesna) on urinary bladder
      cancer induced by N-nitroso-N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine (BBNOH) was studied
      in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatment consisted of 5 g/kg BBNOH per gavage
      and 63 g/kg Mesna in drinking water over a period of 39 weeks. A positive control
      group was given the same dose of BBNOH as the treated group. Although Mesna did
      not reduce the incidence of bladder carcinomas, it significantly increased the
      lifespan of the animals, thus suggesting a partial general protective action.

PMID- 6421480
TI  - The binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol-epoxides to DNA.
AB  - Diol-epoxide derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the ultimate
      carcinogenic forms of these compounds encountered in vivo. Using a novel electro
      fluorescence apparatus, we report that, like the (+/-)-anti-diol-epoxide of
      benzo[a]pyrene (BP), the similar diol-epoxides of benzo[a]anthracene (BA) and 3
      methylcholanthrene (3MC) also bind to the DNA helix at an inclination of
      approximately 50 degrees. This compares with the essentially perpendicular,
      intercalative-type binding generally found with saturated aromatic compounds,
      such as the native hydrocarbons, and may indicate a systematic behavior in the
      molecular associations precursive to carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6421481
TI  - Pineal ablation in varying photoperiods and the incidence of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2
      benzanthracene induced mammary cancer in rats.
AB  - Our earlier observation of increased incidence of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2
      benzanthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma in young, virgin 'functionally'
      pinealectomized Holtzman rats poses the question whether or not a comparable
      incidence would occur in surgically pinealectomized rats reared in varying
      photoperiods (e.g. light/dark (LD) 24/0 or LD 10/14 schedules). Results show that
      functionally or surgically pinealectomized rats in LD 24/0 schedule have
      comparable mammary tumor incidence (95% and 83%, respectively) and latency period
      of tumor appearance (60 +/- 3.1 and 69.2 +/- 6.6 days, respectively). However,
      when surgically pinealectomized rats were kept in short photoperiods (LD 10/14),
      a significant difference was observed in both tumor incidence (60.9%) and latency
      period (91.8 +/- 11.0 days). Our data suggest that the susceptibility of the
      mammary gland to carcinogenic insult may be modulated by the concentration of the
      pineal hormone, melatonin, in the CNS.

PMID- 6421482
TI  - Phase I study of immunotherapy by live Brucella abortus (strain 19 BA) in cancer
      patients.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients showing negative responses against Brucella antigens were
      included in a preliminary trial of immunotherapy by a live Brucella abortus
      vaccine. Seventeen patients had squamous cell lung carcinoma, eight had acute
      myeloid leukemia, and three were classified as "others." Brucella abortus strain
      19 BA was administered sc in a single injection at doses ranging from 5 X 10(7)
      viable organisms to 10(10), ie, 40 times the usual vaccine dose. No important
      toxicity was noted. Edematous reactions at the injection site and febrile
      responses were infrequent and moderate, hemocultures were all negative, spleen
      volume did not vary significantly, and cbc showed an increase of
      polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes.

PMID- 6421483
TI  - Phase II trial of ICRF-187 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - A phase II trial of ICRF-187 (1.0 g/m2/48 hours by continuous infusion every 3
      weeks) was conducted in 25 patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the
      head and neck. There were two partial responders for an overall response rate of
      8%. Sixteen of the patients had not received prior chemotherapy and both
      responding patients were in this group. The major side effect of ICRF-187 was
      reversible leukopenia.

PMID- 6421484
TI  - The structure of an R-type oligosaccharide core obtained from some
      lipopolysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - The main structure of a lipopolysaccharide R-type core oligosaccharide common to
      a number of different strains of Neisseria meningitidis has been elucidated.
      Methylation analysis, specific degradations, and nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopic analysis of the dephosphorylated cores indicated that they all have
      the following structure. (formula see text) The determinants responsible for the
      L3, L7, and L9 meningococcal lipopolysaccharide serotypes are situated in this
      oligosaccharide.

PMID- 6421485
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: intracellular host-parasite relationship in murine infection.

PMID- 6421486
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of LH and FSH in the pituitary of
      the untreated male rat.
AB  - Rapid freeze-substitution fixation was employed in immunocytochemical studies on
      the localization of LH and FSH in the typical gonadotrophs of the anterior
      pituitary in the untreated male rat; a modification of a recently described
      ferritin antibody method (Inoue et al. 1982) was used in these studies. It was
      shown that rapid freeze-substitution fixation provides good preservation not only
      of the ultrastructure but also of the antigenicity. Both LH and FSH were clearly
      demonstrated in the same gonadotrophic cells, but the subcellular localization of
      these gonadotrophins differed: (i) LH was mainly located in small secretory
      granules, 250-300 nm in diameter; (ii) FSH was mainly present in large secretory
      granules, up to 500 nm in diameter. In the pituitary gland of the adult male rat,
      all gonadotrophs that react to antibodies against gonadotrophins are
      characterized by small and large secretory granules. Other types of cells of the
      anterior pituitary containing either small secretory granules or resembling
      corticotrophs with secretory granules assembled at cell periphery did not react
      to either anti-LH beta or anti-FSH beta serum. For light microscopy, the
      peroxidase antibody method was used. All of the gonadotrophin-positive cells
      contain both LH and FSH. None of the pituitary cells reacted to antibody against
      only one gonadotrophin. However, some cells are "LH-rich" while other cells are
      "FSH-rich".

PMID- 6421487
TI  - Regions of putative acetylcholine receptors at synaptic contacts between neurons
      maintained in culture and subsequently fixed in solutions containing tannic acid.
AB  - Spinal cord neurons from 9-day chick embryos were maintained in culture for up to
      35 days and then fixed in 4% cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde containing 2%
      tannic acid. After about 15 days in culture a small percentage of the synaptic
      specializations present were characterized by striking electron-dense striations
      averaging 15 nm in width, oriented perpendicular to the postsynaptic membrane.
      These structures increased in frequency with time in culture (to a maximum of
      about 10% of all synapses in the oldest cultures); they were asymmetrical,
      protruding approximately 8 nm into the synaptic cleft, and more deeply
      (approximately 15-18 nm), into the postsynaptic cytoplasm. On the basis of
      earlier work by Sealock (1980) they are interpreted as concentrations of
      acetylcholine receptors. Similar membrane differentiations were also seen
      associated with active-zone areas of a few presynaptic membranes, and the
      possibility that these represent presynaptic acetylcholine receptors is
      discussed. Additional observations reported are (1) the presence of striations
      resembling those seen at the postsynaptic membrane in the membranes of some
      postsynaptic vesicles, and (2) filamentous links between the striations and
      cytoskeletal elements of the postsynaptic cell.

PMID- 6421488
TI  - hsp70: nuclear concentration during environmental stress and cytoplasmic storage
      during recovery.
AB  - The intracellular distribution of the major Drosophila heat-shock protein hsp70
      was determined by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. During
      heat shock the protein concentrates strongly in nuclei while a small quantity
      remains cytoplasmic. During recovery hsp70 leaves the nuclei and becomes
      distributed throughout the cytoplasm. With a second heat shock it is rapidly
      transported back into the nucleus. Nuclear translocation depends not on the
      temperature per se, but on the physiological state of the cell since it also
      occurs after exposure to an anoxic atmosphere at normal temperatures. We also
      provide evidence that hsps protect cells from the toxic effects of anoxia, as
      well as heat, and conclude that nuclear translocation of hsp70 is related to its
      function in protecting the organism from both forms of environmental stress.

PMID- 6421489
TI  - Mechanisms of divergence and convergence of the human immunoglobulin alpha 1 and
      alpha 2 constant region gene sequences.
AB  - Nucleotide sequences of the human alpha 1 and two allelic alpha 2 immunoglobulin
      heavy chain constant region genes are presented. The genes contain three exons,
      each encoding a single constant region protein domain. The protein hinge region
      is encoded at the 5' end of the second exon, and the rapid evolutionary changes
      in length of the hinge correspond to duplications or deletions within the hinge
      coding region, probably facilitated by repeats in the DNA sequence. Alignment of
      the alpha 1 and alpha 2 gene sequences reveals an unusual coupled deletion
      duplication in the 5'-flanking region, which can be explained in terms of a
      slipped-strand mispairing model. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of the alpha
      1 gene and two alleles of the alpha 2 gene indicates a localized transfer of
      genetic information from the 3' end of the alpha 1 gene to one of the alpha 2
      alleles, probably by a gene conversion. At one end of the region within which
      conversion apparently occurred, there is a 40 bp sequence of the type that can
      form Z-DNA.

PMID- 6421490
TI  - Changes in gene position are accompanied by a change in time of replication.
AB  - The globin and immunoglobulin multigene families have been used to study the
      effect of chromosomal organization on the time of gene replication. Some of the
      genes are late-replicating, providing the first identification of late
      replicating sequences that are not highly repetitive. One is a member of the
      mouse alpha-globin gene family, which consists of genes mapping to three
      different chromosomes. The other genes in this family replicate early during S.
      Our studies demonstrate that immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and
      rearrangements between these genes and the c-myc oncogene are accompanied by
      dramatic differences in their temporal order of replication. We conclude that a
      gene's position in the chromosome, rather than its sequence, determines the time
      of replication. We suggest that the differences in association with gene
      rearrangement result from changes in the proximity of the affected gene to sites
      that control the temporal order of replication during S.

PMID- 6421491
TI  - The genetic specification of pattern in a Drosophila muscle.
AB  - During development of Drosophila the bithorax complex of genes is responsible for
      diversification of segments in the ectoderm. The muscles derive from the mesoderm
      and their pattern also varies from segment to segment--a variation that could be
      determined directly through deployment of the bithorax complex in the muscle
      cells themselves. Alternatively, the muscle pattern could be determined
      indirectly, either by the epidermal cells to which the muscles attach, or by the
      nerves which contact developing muscles. Using a segment-specific muscle found
      only in males and a new mutation in the bithorax complex, we show that the
      development of this muscle is independent of the sex and segmental identity of
      the epidermis. The development of the muscle therefore depends on the sex and
      state of the bithorax complex in the muscle nuclei themselves or in part of the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 6421492
TI  - Adoptive protection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lung. Dissociation
      between cells that passively transfer protective immunity and those that transfer
      delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin.
AB  - Adoptive transfer of protective immunity to an aerogenic infection with the
      facultative intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis was mediated by a
      population of T cells acquired in the spleen of donor mice at the height of the
      primary cell-mediated immune response to an immunizing infection with M. bovis
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Successful adoptive immunotherapy was ablated by prior
      exposure of immune donor cells to ionizing radiation or by treatment of these
      cells with antibody raised against the Ly-2 marker. In contrast, however, the
      capacity of immune donor cells to passively transfer delayed-type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to tuberculin was unaffected by prior treatment
      with antibody to Ly-2, but was completely ablated by treatment by antibody to Ly
      1. These results indicate, that DTH and protective anti-tuberculous immunity are
      dissociable phenomena, mediated by separate populations of T lymphocytes.

PMID- 6421493
TI  - Decoupling of exocytotic membrane fusion from protein discharge in Paramecium
      cells.
AB  - Under certain conditions it is possible in Paramecium cells to induce selectively
      the fusion of the secretory organelle membrane with the cell membrane without the
      involvement of any further steps (release of secretory contents, etc.). A Ca2+
      mobilizing fusogen was used in the presence of components which inhibit the
      discharge of the secretory contents (Mg2+ and EGTA, mainly). One can thus produce
      many exocytotic openings with the secretory contents (which are normally
      vigorously discharged) still retained.

PMID- 6421494
TI  - Evidence for a vertical displacement of intramembranous particles on the plasma
      membrane of Tetrahymena cells by a local anesthetic.
AB  - We examined the effect of a local anesthetic, dibucaine, on the plasma membrane
      of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain NT-1 using freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
      Intramembranous particles (IMPs) were distributed homogeneously on the plasma
      membrane of untreated cells. But, when Tetrahymena cells had been treated with
      1.3 mM dibucaine for 5 min at growth temperature, freeze-fracture micrographs of
      the plasma membrane showed marked alterations. Although IMPs showed an almost
      homogeneous distribution, their density was elevated markedly on the protoplasmic
      fracture (PF) face but greatly reduce on the exoplasmic fracture (EF) face. Areas
      around deciliated portions had a reverse IMP density distribution for the PF and
      EF faces. These results suggest that dibucaine induced vertical displacement of
      the IMPs in the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6421495
TI  - The effect of Sudan III on drug metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - We have examined the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver
      microsomes by azo dye, 1-(p-phenylazophenylazo)-2-naphthol (Sudan III). Marked
      increases were observed in the levels of cytochrome P-448 as well as in p
      nitroanisole O-demethylase (p-NAD), amaranth (AR) and neoprontosil reductases
      (NPR) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECD) activities. On the other hand,
      aminopyrene N-demethylase activity was not significantly increased. Further,
      induced ECD activity was inhibited 90% by a specific antibody against cytochrome
      P-448 while the inhibition observed with an antibody against cytochrome P-450 was
      less than 25%. Simultaneous administration of Sudan III and 3-methylcholanthene
      (3-MC) induced cytochrome P-448 up to a level brought about by either Sudan III
      or 3-MC treatment alone. In contrast, Sudan III did not induce cytochrome P-448
      in the 3-MC insensitive DBA/2 mouse. Solubilized microsomes from Sudan III
      treated rats showed an identical sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) pattern with those from 3-MC-treated animals. It is
      concluded that the cytochrome P-448 induced in liver by Sudan III is very similar
      to that induced by 3-MC. Sudan III also induced UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      activity towards 1-naphthol and estradiol. It did not induce NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase, nor any of the enzymes which constitute the microsomal electron
      transport chain except for cytochrome P-448.

PMID- 6421496
TI  - Intralobular distribution of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in livers from
      untreated, 3-methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital-treated rats.
AB  - A 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible enzyme form of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase has
      been localized within the liver lobule both immunohistochemically and
      enzymatically in microdissected centrilobular and periportal liver tissue. Livers
      of untreated, 3-methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital-treated rats have been
      compared. The enzyme was detected in hepatocytes throughout the liver. However
      both immunohistochemical determination of the enzyme level and biochemical
      determination of its activity towards 1-naphthol revealed a heterogeneous
      distribution of the enzyme. In untreated controls and 3-methylcholanthrene
      treated rats both enzyme activity and histochemical staining was highest in
      centrilobular hepatocytes. However, after phenobarbital-treatment enzyme staining
      and activity was highest in periportal hepatocytes, suggesting that the
      differentially inducible enzyme activities may be localized in different zones of
      the liver lobule. The results demonstrate that the 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible
      UDP-glucuronosyltransferase is preferentially expressed in centrilobular
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 6421497
TI  - Dietary administration of 2(3)-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole elevates mouse liver
      microsome-mediated DNA binding and mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Administration of the phenolic antioxidant 2(3)-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) to
      mice resulted in a 2-3-fold increase in the liver microsome catalyzed
      irreversible binding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to calf thymus DNA and up to a 5-fold
      increase in the ability to induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
      Maximum induction of AFB1 binding to DNA occurred after 2 days of BHA
      administration whereas cytosolic glutathione S-transferase was maximally induced
      (6-fold) only after 10 days of BHA feeding. The induction of a new cytochrome P
      450 species was indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and an enhanced sensitivity to inhibition by
      metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone. Addition of control cytosol (containing
      glutathione S-transferase) + glutathione to control microsomes decreased AFB1
      binding to DNA by 26%. However, replacement of control cytosol by BHA cytosol
      which contained 6 times more glutathione S-transferase only marginally enhanced
      the inhibition to 38%. These data suggest that BHA may exert its effect in the
      liver primarily through an alteration of the cytochrome P-450 dependent
      activation process although an increase in the conjugation of reactive metabolite
      may play a contributory role.

PMID- 6421498
TI  - Toxic effects of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in normal and partially
      hepatectomized rats.
AB  - In order to obtain a more precise definition of the conditions under which 2
      methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (2-Me-DAB) and liver cell proliferation play a
      role in the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis, the toxicity of 2-Me-DAB for
      normal and partially hepatectomized rats was investigated. Continuous feeding of
      a basal low protein, low riboflavin diet supplemented with 2-Me-DAB was found to
      be highly toxic for male albino rats. All animals fed on such a diet died before
      200 days. Sham operation and partial hepatectomy (PH) at 30 days of 2-Me-DAB
      feeding reduced the median survival time from 122 days to 107 and 94 days,
      respectively. Transfer to the basal diet after 30 days of 2-Me-DAB feeding and PH
      prolonged the median survival time to 216 days while 97% of the rats returned to
      the normal complete diet after the same treatments survived for more than 300
      days. 2-Me-DAB was not necrogenic and there was no evidence of reparative
      proliferation or hepatic tumor formation in any group. Feeding rats with the 2-Me
      DAB containing diet for 1 month delayed and strongly inhibited the mitotic
      response of the liver to the stimulus of partial hepatectomy. This is the result
      of a blockage of the cells in G1 as revealed by the fact that only 1% of the
      hepatocytes became labeled when 2-Me-DAB fed animals were injected with tritiated
      thymidine prior to sacrifice at 24 h post-hepatectomy, as compared to 40% in rats
      fed the normal or the control basal diet. This inhibitory effect of 2-Me-DAB is
      reversible however since rats returned to the normal diet for 1 or 2 months after
      2-Me-DAB feeding showed percentages of mitoses and labeling indices comparable to
      those of control animals following PH. The number of abnormal mitoses was high
      (13%) in regenerating livers of rats fed 2-Me-DAB and the lesions responsible for
      this effect are apparently not repaired since 2-Me-DAB fed rats partially
      hepatectomized after being transferred to the normal diet for 1 or 2 months
      showed the same number of mitotic irregularities. The present results suggest
      that assays with 2-Me-DAB as 'pure initiator' or agent of selective toxicity
      should be pursued in attempts to improve existing experimental models of
      hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 6421499
TI  - Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled amino acids as radiopharmaceuticals. V. 99mTc complex
      of ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid as a scintigraphic agent for tumors.

PMID- 6421500
TI  - Increased cancericidal activity of PTT.119, a new synthetic bis-(2
      chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine derivative with carrier amino acids. I. In
      vitro cytotoxicity.
AB  - A new synthetic tripeptide (p-F-Phe-m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-Phe-Met ethoxy
      HCl), PTT.119, was demonstrated to have significant cancericidal activity against
      seven in vitro tumor cell lines of different origins and etiologies and against
      primary human AMML, ALL, and hairy cell leukemias. Viabilities of each murine
      tumor and rabbit, marmoset, and human leukemia and lymphoma line were
      significantly reduced by treatment with 1-50 micrograms PTT.119 in media
      containing serum. Continuous 24-h exposure or pulse treatment as short as 15 and
      30 min with the tripeptide resulted in irreversible damage to the tumor cells.
      Under identical treatment conditions, freshly isolated human leukemic cells,
      particularly ALL lymphoblasts, were even more susceptible to PTT.119 than any of
      the tested tumor cell models. Examination of the parameters of PTT.119 activity
      revealed that reductions of tumor cell survival were dependent on the
      concentration of the tripeptide. Prolongation of PTT.119 exposure from 15 min to
      24 h increased the rates of tumor cell death but did not proportionally reduce
      the numbers of surviving cells. Assessment of tumor cell viabilities for 5
      consecutive days following pulse exposure to PTT.119 demonstrated increasing
      reductions in tumor cell survival, which were greatest 5 days after treatment of
      PTT.119 was compared with its three parental components either as individual
      agents or as a mixture. Both the alkylator moiety, m-sarcolysin (m.L.SL) alone or
      together with p-fluoro-phenylalanine and L-methionine ethoxy HCl, and L-PAM (L
      phenylalanine and L-methionine ethoxy HCl, and L-PAM (L-phenylalanine mustard),
      the p-isomer of m.L.SL, were 1,5- to 3-fold less cytotoxic to L1210 leukemia and
      MJY-alpha mammary tumor cells than PTT.119. Covalent linkage of the amino acid
      residues to m.L.SL yielded a molecule with greatly augmented cancericidal
      activity capable of acting against a broad spectrum of tumor cells.

PMID- 6421501
TI  - Prostaglandin synthase and horseradish peroxidase catalyzed DNA-binding of p
      phenetidine.
AB  - The prostaglandin synthase and horseradish peroxidase catalyzed binding of p
      phenetidine to DNA was investigated. The addition of arachidonic acid to an
      incubation containing ram seminal vesicle microsomes, [14C]p-phenetidine and DNA
      resulted in a rapid incorporation of radioactivity into DNA. This was inhibited
      by greater than 75% by indomethacin (0.1 mM) or butylated hydroxyanisole (0.5
      mM). Hydrogen peroxide was as efficient as arachidonic acid in mediating the
      activation of p-phenetidine thus implicating the involvement of the
      hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin synthase in this reaction. Horseradish
      peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide also catalyzed the activation of p-phenetidine
      to DNA-binding metabolites. Reduced glutathione (GSH) stimulated the binding of p
      phenetidine to DNA by greater than 3-fold in both the prostaglandin synthase and
      the horseradish peroxidase system, whereas cysteine and N-acetylcysteine reduced
      the DNA-binding in the prostaglandin synthase system by up to 62% under the
      conditions used. Furthermore, water-soluble metabolites formed in the presence of
      GSH also bound to DNA. Seventy-two hour dialysis of DNA samples from incubations
      with GSH present reduced the amount of bound material by 75%. In contrast, the
      radioactivity which associated with DNA in the absence of GSH was not decreased
      by dialysis.

PMID- 6421502
TI  - Metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8
      dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide to protein-binding products and the inhibitory effect of
      glutathione and cysteine.
AB  - Trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) and the anti-isomer
      of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) were
      found to be activated by microsomes isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)
      treated rats to reactive intermediates that bound covalently to microsomal
      proteins. The extent of binding was markedly reduced by the presence of reduced
      glutathione (GSH) or cysteine. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the products
      derived from BP-7,8-diol and BPDE after microsomal activation in presence of GSH
      or cysteine revealed the formation of a common reactive intermediate with unique
      fluorescence properties. The involvement of cytochrome P-448 in the activation of
      BP-7,8-diol and BPDE to protein-binding products was inferred by the requirement
      for NADPH and almost complete inhibition by alpha-naphthoflavone. Furthermore,
      microsomes from MC-treated rats could be replaced by a reconstituted system
      containing purified cytochrome P-448, NADPH-cytochrome reductase and co-factors.
      The conjugation of the reactive intermediates from BP-7,8-diol and BPDE with GSH
      or cysteine did not require the presence of either microsomes or cytosol, thus
      indicating a non-catalytic reaction. These results emphasize the importance of
      cellular nucleophiles such as GSH and cysteine in the deactivation of reactive
      benzo[a]pyrene (BP) intermediates and also provides evidence for the further
      activation of the ultimate carcinogen BPDE to more reactive electrophiles and may
      thus have relevance concerning the regulation of BP-induced carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6421503
TI  - Acute effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, teleocidin B, or 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells.
AB  - Effects of teleocidin B, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol,
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      (DCDD) on normal human bronchial epithelial cell cultures were assessed by
      quantitation of cellular morphology, clonal growth (population doublings per
      day), cross-linked envelope (CLE) formation and the enzymatic activities of aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and plasminogen
      activator (PA). Toxicity was assessed by clonal growth assays. Teleocidin B and
      TPA had similar effects on growth, morphology and enzyme activities. When the
      cells were incubated with TPA or teleocidin B at concentrations of 1-100 nM for 6
      h, RNA synthesis was unaffected, but DNA synthesis decreased and squamous
      differentiation, marked by an increase in cell surface area and cross-linked
      envelope formation, was increased. TPA and teleocidin B also increased ODC
      activity in LHC-0 medium (a maintenance medium without epidermal growth factor)
      but caused a decrease of ODC activity in LHC-4 (a growth medium containing
      epidermal growth factor). Finally, TPA and teleocidin B each caused an increase
      of PA and a decrease of AHH activities in both media. Phorbol, a non-promoting
      analogue of TPA, had no effect on growth, morphology or biochemical assays. TCDD
      (100 nM) caused a 15% decrease in cell growth when cells were incubated in LHC-4,
      and this was accompanied by an increase in cell surface area, PA activity, and
      CLE formation. TCDD caused an increase in AHH and ODC activities when the cells
      were incubated in either LHC-0 or LHC-4 medium. DCDD did not alter cell growth,
      and its morphological and biochemical effects were similar to those of TCDD
      although less marked. In conclusion, results reported here are consistent with
      the hypothesis that an important property of some tumor promoters is their
      ability to induce terminal differentiation in normal, non-initiated epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 6421504
TI  - Modulation of microsome-mediated aflatoxin B1 binding to exogenous and endogenous
      DNA by cytosolic glutathione S-transferases in rat and hamster livers.
AB  - Microsome mediated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding to exogenous and endogenous DNA
      and its modulation by cytosolic glutathione (GSH) S-transferases have been
      examined in rat and hamster livers. Kinetic studies over a wide range of cytosol
      concentrations indicate that cytosol from the hamster is several-fold more
      effective than that from the rat in inhibiting AFB1 binding to exogenous calf
      thymus DNA mediated by microsomes from either species. Low concentrations of GSH
      (0.1-0.2 mM) are required for 50% inhibition of AFB1-DNA binding by cytosol. With
      exogenous DNA, combined microsome-cytosol fractions from the hamster give more
      AFB1-DNA binding than those from the rat. However, with nuclei as a source of
      endogenous DNA, AFB1-DNA binding is less with combined microsome-cytosol
      fractions from the hamster than those from the rat. Cytosolic inhibition of AFB1
      DNA binding is almost completely reversed in the presence of 1 mM levels of
      either trichloropropene oxide or styrene oxide. Quantitation of AFB1-DNA binding
      and AFB1-GSH conjugation indicate an inverse relationship between these two
      processes. Cytosol from the rat has less capacity than that from the hamster to
      form an AFB1-GSH conjugate. Hepatic GSH levels are about equal (6-7 mM) in both
      species. I.p. administration of [14C]AFB1 2 h before sacrifice gives more AFB1
      binding to hepatic nuclear DNA in rats than in hamsters. However, depletion of
      hepatic GSH levels by 80% by i.p. administration of diethylmaleate (600 mg/kg)
      increases AFB1-DNA binding 2- to 3-fold in both species. The role of cytosolic
      GSH S-transferases in modulating hepatic AFB1-DNA binding in rats and hamsters is
      discussed.

PMID- 6421505
TI  - Potent antitumor promoting activity of N-6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1
      naphthalenesulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist, in mouse skin tumor formation
      induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene plus teleocidin.
AB  - A calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7)
      markedly inhibited the promoting activity of teleocidin on formation of skin
      tumors in mice initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. This result strongly
      indicates that the critical action of the Ca2+-calmodulin system is responsible
      for tumor promotion in mouse skin.

PMID- 6421506
TI  - Ventricular receptors activated following myocardial prostaglandin synthesis
      initiate reflex hypotension, reduction in heart rate, and redistribution of
      cardiac output in the dog.
AB  - Arachidonic acid (250 micrograms) injected into the left circumflex coronary
      artery of anesthetized dogs, with carotid arteries tied to reduce baroreflex
      induced changes, caused a reduction in heart rate (-15 +/- 1.6 beats/min), mean
      arterial pressure (-27 +/- 3.4 mm Hg), and left ventricular dP/dt (-939 +/- 138
      mm Hg/sec). In contrast, injection of arachidonic acid into the left anterior
      descending coronary artery caused smaller changes in heart rate (-4.6 +/- 1.6
      beats/min), arterial pressure (-14 +/- 2.8 mm Hg), and left ventricular dP/dt (
      118 +/- 131 mm Hg/sec). The hypotension following the injection of arachidonic
      acid results from an increase in perfusion of the kidney and skeletal muscle (as
      measured by radioactive microspheres), and is entirely reflex, since the changes
      in renal blood flow, as well as the reduction in heart rate and the hypotension,
      are eliminated by bilateral vagal section. Increasing the dose of arachidonic
      acid results in dose-related changes in heart rate, arterial pressure, and left
      ventricular dP/dt. Prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2, the two principle coronary
      vasodilator metabolites of arachidonic acid, but not nitroprusside, cause a fall
      in blood pressure and heart rate, establishing that coronary vasodilation per se
      is not responsible for initiating the reflex fall in arterial pressure and heart
      rate. In two dogs with sinoaortic denervation, circumflex injection of
      arachidonic acid caused larger reductions in heart rate (-21 +/- 1.5 beats/min)
      and mean arterial pressure (-51 +/- 3.5 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421507
TI  - Accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid in ischemic canine myocardium.
      Relationship to a phosphatidylcholine deacylation-reacylation cycle and the
      depletion of membrane phospholipids.
AB  - Studies in ischemic canine left ventricle have shown that the depletion of
      membrane phospholipids is a critical event in the development of a sarcolemmal
      calcium permeability defect and associated irreversible myocyte injury. The
      mechanism of phospholipid loss is unclear, but may be due to the activation of
      endogenous phospholipases. Since arachidonic acid is a fatty acid found almost
      entirely in phospholipid, increases in arachidonate provide evidence for
      increased phospholipase activity. The present study was designed to examine the
      temporal relationship of the accumulation of free arachidonate with the onset of
      phospholipid depletion during fixed ligation of the left anterior descending
      coronary artery in canine myocardium. The following results were demonstrated in
      ischemic canine myocardium: (1) the accumulation of unesterified arachidonate is
      minimal during 10-30 minutes of ischemia, but is significantly increased after
      prolonging the duration of ischemia to 1-3 hours; (2) significant increases in
      arachidonate precede the development of a significant decrease in total
      phospholipid content; (3) the decrease in the arachidonate content of
      phosphatidylcholine is accompanied by similar decreases in all of the fatty acyl
      moieties; (4) the arachidonate content of lysophosphatidylcholine and
      diacylglycerol are unchanged during myocardial ischemia; (5) there is evidence of
      a deacylation-reacylation cycle in phosphatidylcholine prior to the accumulation
      of free arachidonate; (6) the fatty acyl specificity of the
      lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase corresponds to the pattern of fatty acyl
      remodeling of phosphatidylcholine during early myocardial ischemia. These data
      suggest that the accumulation of arachidonate may be a more sensitive measure of
      phospholipid degradation than the decrease in total phospholipid content in
      ischemic canine myocardium. It is postulated that the defective reacylation of
      arachidonate into phosphatidylcholine may contribute to the net loss of membrane
      phospholipid during myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6421508
TI  - The dose-duration effect of sodium cromoglycate in exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - Eight patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single blind dose
      duration study comparing the protective effect of inhaled sodium cromoglycate
      (SCG) in increasing concentrations from 2 to 40 g/l. Saline was used as a
      control. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal fall in forced expiratory
      volume in 1 sec (FEV1) after running on a treadmill for 8 min at 20, 150 and 270
      min after drug administration. There was no significant difference between the
      mean baseline values of FEV1, before and after inhalation of saline and SCG on 4
      days of exercise testing. In addition, the maximal percentage falls in FEV1 in
      the three control exercise tests carried out at 20, 150 and 270 min after
      inhalation of saline were also comparable. The mean percentage fall in FEV1
      (s.e.m.) after saline, SCG 2 g/l, SCG 20 g/l and SCG 40 g/l were 29.3 (4.4), 11.7
      (4.5), 8.3 (3.1) and 9.4 (2.3) respectively in the first test at 20 min and 24.5
      (5.1), 14.9 (4.2), 13.1 (2.5) and 13.7 (2.8) respectively in the second test at
      150 after treatment. The inhibitory effect of SCG was statistically significant
      at all the concentrations used and the protection offered by the three
      concentrations of SCG was comparable. In the third exercise test at 270 min after
      treatment, the mean maximum percentage change after saline, SCG 2 g/l, SCG 20 g/l
      and SCG 40 g/l were 26.1 (4.8), 23.0 (6.1), 16.6 (5.0) and 15.8 (4.7)
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421509
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies in a radioimmunoassay for human transcortin.
AB  - We describe the production of monoclonal antibodies to human transcortin and
      their use in a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A high-affinity antibody (Ka = 4 X 10(10)
      L/mol) made possible a sensitive RIA for transcortin (detection limit = 0.23 ng
      per tube), whereas use of an antibody of moderate affinity (Ka = 5 X 10(8) L/mol)
      was more suitable for the routine measurement of transcortin in serum, only a 25
      fold dilution of the sample being required instead of 1500-fold. The correlation
      was good between both RIAs (r = 0.959) and between each of the RIAs and radial
      immunodiffusion (r = 0.955 and 0.976 for the methods with high- and low-affinity
      antibody, respectively). Although monoclonal antibodies were used in the RIAs and
      polyclonal ones in the radial immunodiffusion procedure, similar values were
      obtained by all techniques.

PMID- 6421510
TI  - Effect of isolated decreases in albumin and prealbumin on radioimmunoassay
      results for free thyroxin in nonthyroidal illnesses.

PMID- 6421511
TI  - Quantitation of xylose from plasma and urine by capillary column gas
      chromatography.
AB  - A specific and sensitive assay for quantitation of xylose from plasma and urine
      has been developed. Following a clean-up procedure, plasma (0.1 ml) or urine (0.2
      ml) samples are concentrated and undergo two sequential derivatization steps. A
      methyloxime derivative is formed initially, followed by trimethylsilylation of
      all hydroxyl groups. The derivatized samples are quantitated by capillary column
      gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. Xylose and the internal
      standard (2-deoxy-D-ribose) have retention times of 6.5 and 5.2 min,
      respectively. Other monosaccharides (e.g. ribose, arabinose) do not interfere
      with the assay. Standard curves are linear and reproducible over a concentration
      range of 10-200 mg/l for plasma and 100-2000 mg/l for urine. The within-day and
      day-to-day percentage coefficients of variation were less than 5 and 9%,
      respectively, for plasma and urine.

PMID- 6421512
TI  - Abnormal galactoside excretion in urine of a patient with early myoclonic
      epileptic encephalopathy.
AB  - An abnormal carbohydrate pattern was found in urine of a patient with early
      myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy. Three major oligosaccharides have been
      isolated from the urine; structural studies including sugar analyses, methylation
      procedure and enzymatic hydrolysis allow us to propose the following structures:
      beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-Gal beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-Glc
      beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-Gal Such oligosaccharide
      structures have not previously been described in any biological fluid. The origin
      of these compounds, and the possibility of a specific metabolic defect are
      discussed.

PMID- 6421513
TI  - Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in chronic active hepatitis and in liver
      cirrhotic patients.
AB  - Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B were evaluated in 18 chronic active hepatitis and
      27 liver cirrhotic patients. The latter were also divided into compensated and
      decompensated subgroups. Significantly low values of apolipoproteins A-II and B
      were seen in chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhotic patients, while
      apolipoprotein A-I was decreased in liver cirrhotic patients only. Chronic active
      hepatitis had higher apolipoprotein values than liver cirrhosis and in the latter
      one decompensated subgroup showed lower apolipoprotein levels than the
      compensated one. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B correlated also well with
      prothrombin activity (Normotest) in liver cirrhotic patients, especially the
      apolipoprotein A-II values. This study suggests that serum values of
      apolipoproteins are affected by the type of liver damage and that their decrease
      could be partly due to impaired liver synthesis.

PMID- 6421514
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic determination of cholestanol/cholesterol ratio in
      biological fluids. Its potential usefulness for the follow-up of some liver
      diseases and its lack of specificity in diagnosing CTX (cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis).
AB  - The concentration ratios of cholestanol/cholesterol in biological materials
      (serum, cerebrospinal fluid and tendon biopsy) were determined using a capillary
      gas chromatographic method. The method was validated by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. The ratio was determined in several groups of patients: (a)
      patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and
      tendon biopsy), before and during chenodeoxycholic acid therapy, (b) patients
      receiving cholestyramine therapy (in serum), (c) patients suffering from various
      liver diseases (in serum) and (d) one patient before and after liver
      transplantation (in serum). It can be concluded that the cholestanol/cholesterol
      concentration ratio is a potentially useful parameter for monitoring liver
      diseases but is not specific for establishing the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis.

PMID- 6421515
TI  - A simple enzymatic method for the assay of urinary lactulose.

PMID- 6421516
TI  - [Precocious puberty in brothers].

PMID- 6421517
TI  - The role of fibronectin in the cryoprecipitation of monoclonal cryoglobulins.
AB  - We have recently reported that fibronectin is a component of mixed cryoglobulins
      and is responsible in large part for cryoprecipitate formation. We have now
      extended our studies to serum cryoprecipitates formed in the presence of
      monoclonal cryoglobulins in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases in order
      to investigate for a possibly similar influence of fibronectin on
      cryoprecipitation. Results have shown that these cryoprecipitates contain
      fibronectin in proportions varying between 10% and 14% of their total protein
      content. Furthermore, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that next
      to the cryoglobulins, fibronectin constitutes the second major component of the
      cryoprecipitates. Depletion of the sera in fibronectin prior to exposure to 4
      degrees C, markedly reduced cryoprecipitation of the cryoglobulins, whereas
      reconstitution in fibronectin restored it. These studies support and extend our
      previous findings showing the important influence exerted by fibronectin on the
      process of immunoglobulin cryoprecipitation.

PMID- 6421518
TI  - Stimulatory effect of lymphocytes from Chagas' patients on spontaneously beating
      rat atria.
AB  - The aim of this work was to study the effect of lymphocytes from individuals
      infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' patients) on the contractile behaviour
      of living heart tissue. Chagas' lymphocytes (ChL) reacted with isolated rat atria
      preparations increasing the isometric development tension (IDT) and frequency of
      contractions (FC) in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal stimulatory effect was
      reached after 30-40 min of contract. In contrast, normal lymphocytes (NL) did not
      alter the basal IDT and FC values. beta-adrenergic antagonists, anti-histamine
      agents and inhibitors of the synthesis and action of arachidonic acid (AA)
      products were used to study the mechanisms of the reaction. (-)-propranolol (10(
      7)M) and pyrilamine (10(-6)M) had no effect ruling out the participation of beta
      adrenergic agonists or histamine. However, indomethacin (10(-6)M) and
      acetylsalicylic acid (1.8 X 10(-4)M) enhanced the effect of ChL. Inhibitors of
      the lipoxygenase pathway (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, 10(-7)M;
      nordihydroguairetic acid, 10(-5)M) and FPL55712, an antagonist of one of its
      terminal products: the slow reacting substance of anaphilaxis (SRS-A), abolished
      the reaction. Therefore, a fundamental role for SRS-A in the production of the
      stimulatory effect is postulated. Lymphocytes of the T cell lineage (E rosette
      forming cells, ERFC) are the effector cells involved in this reaction, whereas
      non-rosetting ChL depressed IDT. T ascertain if effector cells could be replaced
      by soluble factors, ChL were reacted with homogenates of rat atria and the cell
      free supernatants were added to beating rat atria. Positive ino- and chronotropic
      effects were obtained, indicating that soluble factors generated during the
      reaction can substitute for the intact effector cells. On the other hand if the
      effector cells were purified from Chagas' patients that had been treated 1 month
      to 6 years before the assay with trypanocidal drugs (3-methyl-4-(5'
      nitrofurfurylidene-amino)-tetrahydro-4H-1, 4-tiazine-1, 1-dioxide, nifurtimox or
      N-benzyl-2-nitro-imidazolacetamide, benznidazole) only depressor effects were
      found. The depressor inotropic action of lymphocytes from treated patients (tr
      ChL) was abolished with indomethacin and acetyl salicylic acid indicating that
      products of the cyclooxygenase pathway of AA were involved. While this work
      provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that lymphocytes from T. cruzi
      infected patients may react with heart tissue and alter its contractile
      behaviour, the results should not be extrapolated to the in vivo
      situation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421519
TI  - Isotype of lytic antibodies in serum of Chagas' disease patients.
AB  - The isotype of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi lytic antibodies present in sera obtained
      from patients with the chronic phase of Chagas' disease was determined. Serum
      samples were submitted to gel filtration in Sephacryl S-200, ion exchange
      chromatography in DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography with protein A and
      immunoadsorption with anti-human IgG-Sepharose. The results of these experiments
      showed that human anti-T. cruzi lytic antibodies are mainly located in the IgG
      isotype probably in the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses.

PMID- 6421520
TI  - Characterization of C1q-binding IgG complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The molecular size of C1q-binding immunoglobulin (Ig) G complexes in systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera was studied by gel filtration using C1q solid
      phase radioimmunoassay (C1q SPRIA). All 15 SLE sera tested contained
      predominantly small-sized IgG complexes, cofractionating with monomeric IgG. In
      contrast to heat-aggregated IgG, these small-sized IgG complexes retained C1q
      binding activity even after pepsin digestion, exposure to low pH, or reduction
      and alkylation, suggesting that the F(ab')2 region is involved in C1q-binding
      activity of these complexes. To see whether anti-C1q antibodies or small antigen
      IgG complexes, which bind to C1q via their antigens, are responsible for C1q
      binding activity via the F(ab')2 region, the pepsin-digested Ig fractions of SLE
      sera were fractionated at high salt. C1q-binding activity in the fractions
      corresponding to the F(ab')2 region increased 2.5- to 3.9-fold at high salt.
      These results suggest that the C1q-binding, small-sized IgG complexes may be
      comprised mostly of anti-C1q antibodies and that some of the antibodies, which
      are dissociated with their antigens at high salt, might be cross-reactive with
      C1q.

PMID- 6421521
TI  - Effect of acute nutritional deprivation on immune function in mice. II. Response
      to sublethal radiation.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory indicated that mice starved for 48 or 72 hr
      were resistant to the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In the
      present experiments, we investigated the possibility that rapidly proliferating
      monocytes were responsible for the early protective effect observed in these
      mice. Confirming previous studies, the numbers of L. monocytogenes in livers and
      spleens of starved mice were 2-3 logs lower than those of fed mice 72 hr after
      inoculation of bacteria. The early protective effect of starvation could be
      eliminated completely by nonlethal doses of radiation (200-900 rads). Organ
      bacterial counts in starved-irradiated mice were similar to those of fed mice.
      Correlative histopathologic studies were carried out on all three groups of mice.
      Seventy-two hours after challenge with L. monocytogenes, the livers of fed mice
      had multiple microabscesses with cental necrosis and a poor mononuclear response.
      In contrast, livers of starved mice had fewer infectious foci, less necrosis, and
      a more prominent monocyte/macrophage inflammatory response. Similar to fed mice,
      the livers of starved-irradiated mice had marked necrosis and few
      monocytes/macrophages. In addition, the number of peripheral blood monocytes in
      starved mice was increased 72 hr after inoculation compared to fed and starved
      irradiated mice. The data from these experiments suggest that a proliferating
      population of monocytes is responsible for resistance of starved mice against L.
      monocytogenes.

PMID- 6421522
TI  - Interleukin 2 deficiencies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) to
      produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) and respond to it in-vitro was examined.
      Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from over half of the SLE patients
      exhibited a decreased ability to produce IL-2 while their concanavalin A
      generated blast cells responded normally to exogenous IL-2. Lymphocytes from RA
      patients not only produced less IL-2 than normals (P less than 0.001), but also
      responded poorly to exogenous IL-2 (P = 0.011). These abnormalities did not
      correlate with the patient's age, sex, duration of disease, or disease activity.
      Production of and response to IL-2 was widely varied among patients with SS and
      not different from controls. The decreased response of RA lymphocytes to IL-2 may
      result from a smaller number of cell surface IL-2 receptors since IL-2 adsorption
      to RA cells was lower than to either SLE or normal cells. These data suggest that
      IL-2-related abnormalities may play a role in the disordered immunoregulation
      characteristic of RA and perhaps of SLE.

PMID- 6421523
TI  - Use of a new chemically modified intravenous IgG preparation in severe primary
      humoral immunodeficiency: clinical efficacy and attempts to individualize dosage.
AB  - Sixteen patients with severe primary humoral immunodeficiency diseases were
      treated intravenously for 12 months with a beta-propiolactone stabilized
      preparation of IgG (Intraglobin) as part of a phase II study of safety and
      efficacy. In order to evaluate the metabolism of IgG in these patients and to
      determine whether increased doses of IgG would lead to a decrease in the rate of
      infections, the study was divided into two periods. All patients were infused
      with a standard dose of 100 mg/kg/month for 6 months and the peak and trough
      serum IgG concentrations were determined. The half-life of the IgG was determined
      in each patient after the fourth month and this value was used to calculate the
      dose necessary to raise the trough serum IgG concentration to a minimum of 200
      mg/dl. The patients received this individualized dose in the final 6 months and
      the half-life determination was repeated at the conclusion of the study. Only 3
      of 10 patients who received a higher dose in the second period had a substantial
      increase in trough serum IgG concentrations, but the failure to achieve higher
      concentrations was not due to a shortening of the half-life. The Intraglobin was
      well tolerated with no patient unable to complete the study due to side-effects.
      Ten percent of the infusions were associated with minor, self-limited reactions,
      with 16 of the 19 reactions occurring in the first 6 months. There were no life
      threatening infections during the 12-month period. A total of 105 episodes of
      infections were recorded, but only a cumulative total of 51 days of normal school
      or work activity were lost by the 16 patients during the 12 months of the trial
      period. Most infectious episodes were due to chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and
      otitis. There was no reduction in the number of infections in the second, higher
      dose period of the study; however, as there was little increase in serum IgG
      concentration, more data are required before it will be possible to determine if
      the incidence of chronic infections can be reduced by a further increase in the
      serum IgG concentration.

PMID- 6421524
TI  - Safety and efficacy of a monomeric, functionally intact intravenous IgG
      preparation in patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes.
AB  - Results of an open, phase II clinical trial on therapy with an iv IgG preparation
      in patients with primary antibody-deficiency syndromes are reported. Three
      hundred infusions of the product, an intact monomeric IgG preparation, were given
      to 16 patients for an average of 14 (+/- 0.7) months, the dose being 220 (+/-
      26.9) mg/kg/month. Only two minor adverse reactions occurred. This preparation
      did not produce transient leukopenia on infusion. Preinfusion serum IgG levels
      increased continuously in the course of treatment (average values: 325 +/- 51 at
      the beginning of therapy, 438 +/- 59 at 6 months, 568 +/- 75 at 12 months, 631 +/
      52 at the end of treatment). The infusions were well accepted and well tolerated
      by the patients, and the clinical efficacy was highly superior to intramuscular
      immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6421526
TI  - Benefits, risks, and costs of alternative approaches to the evaluation and
      treatment of severe ankle sprain.
AB  - A cost-effectiveness analysis was used to compare five methods of management of
      severe ankle sprain: (1) wrapping the ankle immediately (i.e., without obtaining
      further roentgenograms); (2) casting the ankle immediately; (3) obtaining stress
      films and providing treatment accordingly by wrapping, casting, or surgery; (4)
      obtaining arthrograms and performing appropriate treatment; and (5) obtaining
      stress films, followed by arthrograms, in patients with positive stress films and
      administering appropriate treatment. The probability of ankle stability was high
      for all five strategies (greater than 97%). However, the expected days of
      morbidity from different strategies ranged from 36.2 to 73.4 per patient, the
      probability of premature death ranged from 1.5 to 17.7 per 100,000 patients, and
      the dollar costs ranged from $318 to $941 per patient. Cost-effectiveness and
      risk/benefit ratios indicated that the "wrap strategy" and the "stress film
      strategy" were clearly more cost-effective than the other three strategies.

PMID- 6421525
TI  - Delineation of lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes of nonhuman primates.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies which recognize specific surface antigens on human
      lymphocytes were used with an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique to stain
      lymph nodes from nonhuman primates. Cells in lymph nodes from three macaque
      species and two new-world primate species could be stained to define T11, T4, T8,
      and B1 lymphocyte subsets. This approach will facilitate the study of many
      important spontaneous and experimentally induced diseases of nonhuman primates.

PMID- 6421527
TI  - Differential growth and healing of bones and teeth.
AB  - A series of experiments was performed in turtles, rodents, lagomorphs, dogs, and
      monkeys to determine and correlate differential growth and healing of bones and
      teeth. Vital stains, radiopaque implants in conjunction with serial radiography,
      autoradiography, histology, and other methods were employed. Histologic
      differences and rate of endochondral (tibia, rib, base of skull, and mandibular
      condyle) and nasal cartilaginous septal growth were noted. Similarly, differences
      were observed in growth between five facial sutures and also for the same suture
      at different times. The nasal bone side of the frontonasal suture grew about
      twice as fast as the frontal bone side. In the turtle shell the midsagittal
      suture grew faster than a transverse suture. A variety of differences in rate of
      appositional (and resorptive) growth were noted at different sites of the
      mandible and nasal bone region. Generally, there was deposition of bone along the
      posterior border of the mandibular ramus and resorption of bone along the
      anterior border. Variations in the volume of the orbital contents influenced
      orbital growth. Bone was highly reactive, while enamel and dentin were
      nonreactive, to trauma.

PMID- 6421528
TI  - Chemotherapeutic implications of polyamine biosynthesis inhibition.

PMID- 6421530
TI  - Evaluation of the role of computed tomography in radiotherapy treatment planning.
AB  - The role of computed tomography (CT) in radiotherapy treatment planning was
      assessed in a series of 231 patients in whom treatment was planned with radical
      intent. For each patient, a treatment plan was produced by the best conventional
      techniques in use at the Middlesex Hospital. Each patient then underwent a CT
      scan in which the treatment conditions were closely simulated. As a result of the
      CT scan images, alteration was made to the planned treatment in 47% of 198
      assessable patients. Large differences were seen in the usefulness of CT
      treatment planning for tumours in different sites, with the greatest contribution
      made to treatment of tumours of the sinuses and nasopharynx and of the bladder.
      Although its unit cost is high, computed tomography can be a very useful tool in
      radiotherapy treatment planning and can contribute uniquely to improved patient
      management for adequately selected patients.

PMID- 6421529
TI  - Ceiling respiratory depression by dezocine.
AB  - Dezocine in equianalgesic intravenous doses depressed respiratory response to CO2
      breathing of six healthy subjects to approximately the same degree as morphine
      but with a more rapid onset and higher peak depression. The depression was dose
      related up to 30 mg/70 kg but was not increased by an additional 10 mg/70 kg
      dose. Its duration of effect was approximately the same as that of morphine.
      Respiratory depression by dezocine was promptly and almost completely antagonized
      by 0.4 mg naloxone, but antagonism lasted less than 1 hr. Healthy subjects found
      dezocine less pleasant than morphine and after large doses reported sensations
      suggestive of psychotomimetic effects. A ceiling effect for respiratory
      depression has now been demonstrated for three agonist-antagonist analgesics:
      nalorphine, nalbuphine, and dezocine. It is not yet clear to what extent this is
      a general characteristic of agonist-antagonist analgesics.

PMID- 6421531
TI  - Bilirubin content and 4-nitrophenol glucuronosyltransferase activity in Gunn rat
      liver.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the hepatic content of
      bilirubin could influence liver 4-nitrophenolglucuronosyltransferase (4-NP-GT) in
      the Gunn rat. In animals fed on a 45% lipid diet, compared with rats fed on a
      normal lipid diet (3%), the bilirubin content of the hepatic microsomal fraction
      decreased and the bilirubin/protein ratio was reduced. 4-NP-GT activities were
      comparable in both groups. Administration of clofibrate to Gunn rats greatly
      enhanced the bilirubin content of liver microsomal fraction. Since this treatment
      raised the microsomal protein content, the bilirubin/protein ratio was not
      modified. No significant change in 4-NP-GT was noted. After bilirubin perfusion
      in Gunn and Wistar rats, no change was observed in hepatic monooxygenase
      activities or in 4-NP-GT, although the bilirubin/protein ratio was dramatically
      increased in the microsomal fraction. From these results the low activity of
      liver 4-NP-GT in Gunn rats does not seem directly related to the hepatic content
      of bilirubin.

PMID- 6421532
TI  - Use of nitrates in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The use of nitrates in treating acute myocardial infarction is reviewed; proposed
      mechanisms of action and pertinent pathophysiology are discussed. Oral and
      sublingual nitrates were first tested in acute myocardial infarction patients
      with mixed results. Later studies with sublingual nitroglycerin followed by
      phenylephrine infusion indicated that nitrates were effective in limiting
      myocardial ischemia and necrosis. I.V. nitroglycerin was then studied; beneficial
      results were documented by quantifying ECG changes and visualizing the areas of
      myocardial necrosis with radioisotopes. Mortality was also reduced in nitrate
      treated patients. Patients who developed left ventricular failure after acute
      myocardial infarction benefitted the most from nitrate therapy. The preferred
      route of nitroglycerin administration is intravenous infusion. The dose is
      initially 5 micrograms/min and is increased by 5-10 micrograms/min every 5-10
      minutes until mean arterial pressure is reduced 10-20% or pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure is reduced to 15 mm Hg. Final infusion rates average 40-60
      micrograms/min. Nitrates appear to have a role in reducing morbidity and
      mortality from acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6421533
TI  - Calculating nitrogen balance from urine samples collected over six hours.

PMID- 6421534
TI  - "Long-acting" cephalosporins: cost effective but efficacy questionable.

PMID- 6421535
TI  - How often may a Read rebreathing test be repeated?
AB  - The minimum duration of the rest period between repeated Read rebreathing tests
      required to prevent interference between tests is yet unknown. Four male and four
      female volunteers performed eight Read rebreathing CO2 response tests in a period
      of 2.5 h. The test-to-test interval was as short as 10 min. No major differences
      in slope or intercept were found according to time in either the group as a whole
      or as male and female groups taken separately. There was a slight but
      nonsignificant depression in slope for the 3rd to 5th tests. The females
      responded less to a CO2 challenge than did the males. It is concluded that a test
      to-test interval as short as 10 min does not effect the results of the Read
      rebreathing test.

PMID- 6421536
TI  - Regional pulmonary clearance of inhaled C15O and C15O2 in man at rest and during
      exercise.
AB  - The regional clearance of radioactive carbon monoxide (C15O) and carbon dioxide
      (C15O2), after a single maximal inspiration, was investigated in six normal
      subjects seated on a bicycle, at rest and during exercise at 50 W. The clearances
      were measured sequentially during breath-holding by four pairs of scintillation
      counters vertically aligned over the right lung. The clearance rate (k) for C15O
      and C15O2 increased from apex to base and from rest to exercise. On exercise, the
      apex base gradient (calculated over 11 cm vertical distance) for C15O decreased
      by 52% because of a larger increase in the upper zones but the C15O2 gradient did
      not change. Thus the increase in blood flow (approximately equal to kC15O2) on
      exercise was accompanied by recruitment and/or distension of pulmonary capillary
      blood volume (approximately equal to kC15O2), most marked in the upper regions.
      The ratio of the clearance (C15O/C15O2) decreased in the lower zones on exercise
      by 25% without significant change in the upper zone. This ratio reflects the
      product of capillary mean transit times and peripheral vascular and extravascular
      volumes. Since the latter increase on exercise, capillary transit times must have
      shortened considerably at a moderate level of exercise at all levels in the lung.

PMID- 6421537
TI  - Calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance in children from the activity in one plasma
      sample by transformation of the biexponential plasma time-activity curve into a
      monoexponential with identical integral area below the time-activity curve.
AB  - The relation between 51Cr-EDTA clearance and plasma 51Cr-activity in children was
      analysed introducing the functions s(t) and g(t) for transformation of the
      biexponential plasma time-activity curve to a monoexponential with identical area
      below the time-activity curve. The theory of s(t) and g(t) were discussed and the
      variation of g(t) with time was determined empirically. The functions s(t) and
      g(t) were used to derive a formula for the calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance in
      children from one single plasma sample (ClST) withdrawn between 90 and 150 min
      after the injection. ClST and 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated by means of a
      standard method were almost identical (r = 0.991). It is concluded that the
      formula may prove useful for calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance in children.

PMID- 6421538
TI  - 51Cr-EDTA clearance determined by one plasma sample in children.
AB  - 51Cr-EDTA clearance was determined in 50 children from the activity in one plasma
      sample by means of two methods. The calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance by method
      I (ClI) was based on a transformation of the biexponential time-activity curve
      into a monoexponential with identical area below the time-activity curve. The
      calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance by method II (ClII) was based on a close
      relation between 51Cr-EDTA clearance and the reciprocal apparent volume of
      distribution normalized with respect to body surface area. It was demonstrated
      that the two methods were closely related. To test the accuracy of the two
      methods, the results of ClI and ClII were compared to 51Cr-EDTA clearance
      calculated by means of a standard, multiple plasma sample method (ClSM). The
      correlations between ClSM and ClI and between ClSM and ClII were almost identical
      (r = 0.993 and r = 0.992). The accuracy of 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated as ClI
      and ClII did not differ significantly from each other.

PMID- 6421539
TI  - A comparison of lysyl hydroxylation in various types of collagen from type VI
      Ehlers-Danlos syndrome fibroblasts.
AB  - Type I, type III, and type V collagens were isolated from type VI Ehlers-Danlos
      syndrome fibroblasts. Five different alpha chains were separated and their
      degrees of prolyl and lysyl hydroxylations were determined. Lysyl hydroxylation
      in all collagen types was low in the mutant fibroblasts compared to age-matched
      controls, with no significant change in prolyl hydroxylation. The degrees of
      lysyl hydroxylation in type I, type III, and type V collagens were 52%, 73%, and
      76% of controls, respectively.

PMID- 6421540
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins and fatty acid composition after "minipill".
AB  - A study of the effect of a low-dose oral contraceptive, Adepal (ethinyl estradiol
      and levonorgestrel, 30 and 150 micrograms on the 5th to 12th, 40 and 200
      micrograms on the 13th to 28th, respectively) on the blood lipids, lipoproteins
      and fatty acid composition has been conducted on 13 young women before and after
      six months of treatment. All together, total cholesterol concentration did not
      vary; however, the high cholesterol values decreased whereas the low cholesterol
      values increased with the pill. Triglyceride levels increased significantly (p
      less than 0.001). High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased clearly (p
      less than 0.001) regardless of the cholesterol value at the beginning; low and
      very low density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL)-cholesterol increased slightly, as well
      as the apoprotein B (Apo B) concentration (p less than 0.05). The lipoprotein
      electrophoresis showed intermediate bands (IDL) in 5/12 of the women after
      treatment. The three major classes of lipoprotein showed some variations in the
      fatty acid composition after the oral contraceptive; in any lipid class from any
      lipoprotein, the linoleic (18: 1 omega 6), arachidonic (20: 4 omega 6) and
      eicosapentaenoic (20: 5 omega 3) acids decreased whereas the palmitic (16: 0) and
      oleic (18: 1 omega 9) acids increased. Our results suggest that a low-dose
      contraceptive like Adepal produces, nevertheless, some significative
      modifications of plasma lipids and lipoproteins.

PMID- 6421541
TI  - Results, charges, and benefits of intensive care for critically ill patients:
      update 1983.
AB  - Objective and quantitative methods were used to measure severity of illness and
      outcome of intensive care in critically ill patients, in terms of success or
      failure of therapy within the ICU, survival or death at 1 yr, quality of life in
      survivors, and utilization of resources. One hundred ninety-nine consecutive
      Class IV critically ill surgical patients hospitalized between 1977 and 1978 at
      the Massachusetts General Hospital comprised the study population. Although the
      mortality rate of 69% was close to the 73% rate we recorded for 1972-1973, the
      survivors' quality of life was significantly better. Hospitalization costs
      increased from $15,000 to $22,000 per patient, almost consistent with the
      inflation rate between 1973 and 1978. Survival rates and quality of life in
      survivors did not vary with age. The disease process for which the patient was
      hospitalized was an important determinant of outcome. Intensive care medicine for
      critically ill surgical patients does prolong life and enable some patients to
      return to a productive lifestyle; however, the costs of these benefits are
      extremely high.

PMID- 6421542
TI  - Monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions with high-frequency jet ventilation
      in dogs with normal lungs.
AB  - The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PetCO2) measured after a single, large
      tidal-volume breath (15 ml/kg body weight) was compared to simultaneous
      measurements of PaCO2 in 6 dogs with normal lungs who were receiving high
      frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). There was an excellent linear correlation
      between PetCO2 and the PaCO2 over the entire range of CO2 tensions commonly
      encountered in clinical practice (PetCO2 = 0.9 PaCO2 + 2.2 torr; n = 51, r = .98,
      p less than .001, range of PaCO2 = 12-72 torr). We conclude that when lung
      function is normal, a simple system of measuring PetCO2 after a large breath is
      an accurate method of monitoring the effectiveness of CO2 elimination during
      HFJV.

PMID- 6421543
TI  - The synthesis of cyclooxygenase products in ocular tissues of various species.
AB  - In the present study we compared the synthesis of various cyclooxygenase products
      in albino rabbit, dog (puppy and adult), cat, cow and human ocular tissues from
      14C-arachidonic acid (AA). Albino rabbit conjunctiva synthesized a substantial
      amount (47%) of cyclooxygenase products, while cat and dog (puppy as well as
      adult) conjunctival tissues synthesized lesser but significant amounts of
      cyclooxygenase products from 14C-AA. Cyclooxygenase activity in the anterior uvea
      of different species tested was in the following order of potency: cat greater
      than albino rabbit greater than dog greater than human greater than cow.
      Furthermore, human and cow anterior uvea synthesized significantly lesser amount
      of cyclooxygenase products from 14C-AA than amounts from an intermediate
      substrate, 14C-PGH2. Interestingly, cow anterior uvea synthesized PGF2 alpha and
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) while human anterior uvea
      synthesized all cyclooxygenase products from 14-C-PGH2.

PMID- 6421544
TI  - Early detection of pancreatic rejection with indium-labeled platelet scanning.

PMID- 6421545
TI  - Regulation of cell growth and transformation by tyrosine-specific protein
      kinases: the search for important cellular substrate proteins.

PMID- 6421546
TI  - The mechanism of adenovirus DNA replication and the characterization of
      replication proteins.

PMID- 6421547
TI  - A new mechanism for the initiation of replication of phi 29 and adenovirus DNA:
      priming by the terminal protein.

PMID- 6421548
TI  - Malnutrition and the respiratory system.

PMID- 6421549
TI  - Nitroglycerin therapy of asthma.

PMID- 6421550
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of mixed venous PCO2.

PMID- 6421551
TI  - Enhanced Escherichia coli susceptibility to nitrofurantoin by EDTA and multiple
      aminoglycoside antibiotics resistance mutation.
AB  - Subinhibitory concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) increased
      the susceptibility of Escherichia coli K12 multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics
      and nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants to aminoglycoside antibiotics (20- to 25
      fold) and nitrofurantoin (15-fold). The same concentration of EDTA also increased
      the susceptibility of high-level nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants to
      nitrofurantoin. Aminoglycoside-resistant mutants with increased susceptibility to
      nitrofurantoin (2- to 3-fold) were selected with neomycin from E. coli
      nitrofurantoin-sensitive and resistant mutants. Decreased permeability of
      nitrofurantoin is inferred as one of the mechanisms of nitrofurantoin resistance.

PMID- 6421552
TI  - Processing of staphylococcus aureus and zymosan particles by human leukocytes
      measured by flow cytometry.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus were labeled with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC),
      stained by ethidium bromide (EB), and measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Bacteria
      were identified by their FITC-fluorescence and discriminated from the leukocyte
      cell nuclei by the much higher EB fluorescence and lower coefficient of variation
      of the latter. Following phagocytosis, both the bacterial FITC- and EB
      fluorescence decayed. The mean FITC-fluorescence was reduced about 20% after 15
      min and 30-50% after 60 min. Zymosan particles were labeled by FITC and incubated
      with leukocytes for 15 min. Phagocytes were sorted by FCM and the zymosan
      particles were liberated by sonication. Their forward angle light scatter was
      reduced by about 50.6 +/- 2.1% and the FITC-fluorescence by 8.7 +/- 1.0% (mean +/
      SD). The reduced FITC-fluorescence and light scatter suggests degradation of
      proteins, and the decay of EB-fluorescence degradation of DNA, but the
      specificity remains to be established. By this method phagocytes from a patient
      with systemic lupus erythematosus seemed to have a selective defect in DNA
      degradation, whereas phagocytes from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
      had a low capacity to degrade bacterial proteins. This technique offers
      opportunities for automatic measurements of bacteria and zymosan particle
      degradation by phagocytes.

PMID- 6421553
TI  - Colorectal cancer screening by paramedical personnel.

PMID- 6421554
TI  - Perforated diverticulum of the terminal ileum. A previously unreported cause of
      suppurative pylephlebitis and multiple hepatic abscesses.
AB  - We describe the case of a 58-year-old man who presented to the hospital with
      central abdominal pain, nausea, fever, chills, and dyspnea. While in the
      hospital, jaundice appeared and the liver function tests revealed features of
      both cholestasis and hepatocellular injury. He developed gram-negative septicemia
      and died on the sixth hospital day. Autopsy disclosed a perforated terminal ileal
      diverticulum and a contiguous mesenteric abscess. There was also severe phlebitis
      of mesenteric venous radicles which extended superiorly to the intrahepatic
      portal venules and veins. The portal veins were surrounded by multiple hepatic
      abscesses that varied in size from microscopic to 2.5 cm. This appears to be the
      first report in the world literature of suppurative pylephlebitis and hepatic
      abscesses resulting from a perforated ileal diverticulum. The subject of small
      bowel non-Meckelian diverticulosis is reviewed because of the rarity of this
      condition and the diagnostic challenges it poses.

PMID- 6421555
TI  - Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with disodium cromoglycate.
AB  - The case of a 35-year-old black woman with a 10-year history of ulcerative
      colitis and a 3-year history of pyoderma gangrenosum is presented. The pyoderma
      gangrenosum was treated successfully with topical application of disodium
      cromoglycate.

PMID- 6421556
TI  - Factors related to gastric hypersecretion during pregnancy and lactation in rats.
AB  - We attempted to elucidate the factors involved in gastric hypersecretion of rats
      during pregnancy and lactation. Acid secretion in pylorus-ligated and vagally
      denervated fistula rats stimulated with histamine, tetragastrin, and methacholine
      increased from midterm pregnancy and persisted during lactation. Pepsin secretion
      remained unaltered during pregnancy but increased during lactation. Vagal
      denervation itself abolished this hypersecretion. In late pregnancy, a delayed
      appearance of maximal acid response to histamine was apparent, as compared to
      nonpregnant rats, and was abolished by aminoguanidine treatment. There was a
      delay in the maximal response to tetragastrin but not to methacholine. Serum
      histamine concentrations were 3-4 times higher in late pregnancy, as compared to
      nonpregnant, lactating and nonlactating rats. Gastric DNA and protein
      concentrations were significantly increased in lactating rats with concomitant
      elevation of food intake and serum gastrin levels. Those changes disappeared in
      nonlactating rats, and gastric secretion was much the same in the nonpregnant
      rats. These results indicate that acid hypersecretion during pregnancy was
      exclusively associated with vagal innervation plus high serum histamine levels,
      while acid and pepsin hypersecretion in lactating rats were associated with vagal
      innervation plus hyperplastic gastric mucosa and high serum gastrin levels.

PMID- 6421558
TI  - Hypoglycemic coma induced by inadvertent administration of glyburide.
AB  - A 79-year-old nondiabetic woman was inadvertently given a 5-mg tablet of
      glyburide. Blood glucose concentration was 2.6 mmol/L three hours after
      ingestion. The patient was discharged 9 hours after ingestion and readmitted 10
      1/2 hours after ingestion, in a hypoglycemic coma (blood glucose, 0.65 mmol/L).
      She was treated with two bolus doses of dextrose and intravenous dextrose. Her
      blood glucose was abnormal until hospital day 3. On hospital day 4, she was
      discharged with no apparent sequelae. This patient's severe reaction may have
      been due to mild renal insufficiency or concurrent use of timolol. Should
      inadvertent administration of glyburide occur in a patient with impaired renal
      function, the patient should be monitored for at least 24 hours.

PMID- 6421557
TI  - Neonatal 'pulmonary vasodilator' drugs. Current status.
AB  - Experimental studies to this point have not identified a selective neonatal
      pulmonary vasodilator. They have indicated that the neonatal pulmonary
      circulation is a complex, active vascular bed that has a number of endogenous
      vasodilatory mechanisms which oppose vasoconstriction under normal circumstances.
      It seems likely that a better understanding of how those mechanisms become
      deranged in various disease states will be required before we can substantially
      improve our drug therapy in pulmonary hypertensive infants. The data we have
      outlined above indicate that firm recommendations for drugs and their doses
      cannot be made. Nonetheless, several principles of therapy can be outlined.
      Because of the marginal benefits, which have resulted from current drug therapy
      [9, 24, 34, 79, 84, 100, 107], it seems clear that, at the moment, the most
      prudent initial course in neonates with pulmonary vasospasm should be
      nonpharmacologic: restoration of normal blood gases, use of high concentrations
      of inspired oxygen with hyperventilation to pH 7.6 if cyanosis persists [22, 79],
      avoidance of agitation and hypothermia [22], and correction of any metabolic
      derangements [92]. Decreased cardiac output should be identified and treated with
      blood volume expanders and/or cardiotonic agents as necessary. Finally, if
      physiologic efforts to lower pulmonary vascular resistance fail, drug therapy
      sometimes is helpful in effecting salvage. Treated infants should be carefully
      monitored, not only for signs of improved oxygenation, but also for changes in
      right-to-left ductal shunting and cardiac output. If a given agent does not
      produce beneficial effects at a range of doses by 60 min, it is unlikely that
      prolonged therapy will result in late improvement. In such circumstances, a
      change in drug therapy is probably indicated. Finally, it would seem wise to use
      multiple agents with extreme cautions, being careful to pair a direct vasodilator
      (e.g., nitroprusside, tolazoline, or prostacyclin) with a cardiotonic agent
      (e.g., isoproterenol or dopamine), or simultaneously administered volume
      expanders as the individual clinical situation dictates. Further animal
      experimentation will undoubtedly identify new and promising agents and provide an
      increasing understanding of the cellular physiology of the newborn pulmonary
      circulation. However, only careful clinical and experimental studies into the
      cause(s) of the vasoconstriction in newborns will allow the development of a
      truly rational approach to specific therapy in the human species.

PMID- 6421559
TI  - Total nutrient admixture guidelines.

PMID- 6421560
TI  - [Combination therapy with insulin and sulfonylurea in secondary failure of
      sulfonylurea therapy].
AB  - Among 16 type II diabetics who were secondary failures on sulphonylurea treatment
      alone, eight (group A) were changed to a combined regimen of insulin and
      sulphonylurea (glibenclamide), the other eight (group B) received insulin alone.
      Patients in group A were on the combined schedule for ten days, followed by ten
      days of insulin alone, followed by six months of combined treatment. In the first
      ten days those on combined treatment in group A required on average 30% less
      insulin that those of group B, with a comparable metabolic state, while insulin
      requirements significantly rose after ten days on insulin alone. After renewed
      combined treatment the insulin dose could once again be reduced, but after eight
      weeks there was a rise in the insulin requirement, as for group B patients.
      During the further observation period of three months there were no significant
      differences in the insulin requirement between the two groups. Combination
      treatment with sulphonylurea and insulin in secondary failures thus, in the short
      term, reduces insulin requirement; but in the long term it is not significantly
      different from insulin treatment alone.

PMID- 6421561
TI  - [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 2 glibenclamide preparations in type 2
      diabetes. Intraindividual double-blind comparison of Euglucon 5 (HB 419) and
      Euglucon N (HB 420)].
AB  - A new galenic form of glibenclamide (with a higher specific surface area for
      better absorption) was compared with the conventional form in 12 insulin
      dependent and glibenclamide-treated diabetics (three women, nine men; aged 37-60
      years) in a double-blind controlled crossover study. There was more rapid
      absorption, with a maximal serum concentration after 1 1/2 hours, compared with
      the usual preparation which gave a lower longer-sustained maximum of serum
      glibenclamide level between 1 1/2 and 4 hours. In addition, there was more
      complete absorption so that the needed daily dose was decreased: 3.5 mg of the
      new form was bio-equivalent to 5 mg of the ordinary form. Duration of effect of
      the new form was not shorter despite different pharmacokinetics. Response of
      serum insulin and C-peptide level was the same in the two forms. On the other
      hand, the blood-glucose profile was significantly better with the new form.

PMID- 6421562
TI  - [Prolonged coma caused by diazepam sedation in ventilated patients. Diagnostic
      and therapeutic use of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788].
AB  - Repeated administration of diazepam in two ventilated patients had caused drug
      cumulation and coma over several days. In both cases central nervous depression
      could be demonstrated by the benzodiazepin antagonist Ro 15-1788 which induced
      reversal of coma. Estimation of plasma concentrations in a 70-year-old female
      patient 150 hours after the last administration showed a diazepam concentration
      of 437 ng/ml and a desmethyl-diazepam concentration of 483 ng/ml. The calculated
      elimination half-life of these substances were 109 and 403 hours. In the second
      case benzodiazepin could be demonstrated in urine for 10 days after withdrawal of
      medication. These observations suggest that diazepam is not a suitable drug for
      prolonged sedation in artificially ventilated patients. The benzodiazepin
      antagonist Ro 15-1788 represents a valuable diagnostic aid in ascertained or
      suspect cases of benzodiazepin intoxications. It can also be used therapeutically
      for reversal of central nervous depression.

PMID- 6421563
TI  - Partial enzyme deficiencies: residual activities and the development of
      neurological disorders.
AB  - A theoretical discussion on the correlation between residual enzyme activities in
      inherited enzyme deficiencies and the development of neurological disorders is
      presented, based on the kinetic analysis of a simple model. Several metabolic
      diseases with wide spectra of clinical presentation are discussed in relation to
      this model.

PMID- 6421564
TI  - Plasma concentrations, renal excretion, and tissue release of prostaglandins in
      the rat with dexamethasone-induced hypertension.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate whether the hypertension produced by
      dexamethasone in the rat is associated with a deficit in circulating and renal
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGI2, PGs that are presumed to contribute to
      antihypertensive mechanisms. The administration of dexamethasone (2.5 mg kg-1
      week-1, sc) increased systolic blood pressure by 41 +/- 6 mm Hg (P less than
      0.05) after 14 days of treatment, associated with elevations of urine volume and
      fluid intake and loss of body weight. The glucocorticoid, however, had no effect
      on the plasma concentration, urinary excretion, or vascular and renal tissue
      release of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a PGI2 metabolite. In contrast,
      dexamethasone increased (P less than 0.05) the plasma PGE2 concentration by 157%
      and PGE2 urinary excretion by 134% after 14 days of treatment. However, the basal
      release of immunoreactive PGE2 as well as the angiotension II-induced release of
      radiolabeled arachidonic acid and PGs from renal medulla slices incubated in
      Krebs solution were diminished in rats receiving dexamethasone. The steroid also
      reduced to about 60% (P less than 0.05) of the control value the activity in
      renal homogenates of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), a major PG
      catabolizing enzyme, without affecting the activity of the enzyme in the lung.
      Hence, the increased plasma concentration and renal excretion of PGE2 caused by
      dexamethasone in the face of reduced renomedullary production of the PG is
      presumably related to diminished degradation in the kidney and perhaps in other
      extrapulmonary tissues. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the hypertension
      induced by dexamethasone in the rat is not associated with a deficit in
      circulating and renal PGE2 and PGI2.

PMID- 6421565
TI  - Twenty four-hour rhythm of gonadotropin release induces cyclic progesterone
      secretion by the ovary of prepubertal and adult golden hamsters.
AB  - Cyclic release of gonadotropin (GTH) begins on day 16 or 17 of age, about 2 weeks
      before ovulatory estrous cycles are initiated in female golden hamsters
      (Mesocricetus auratus). The daily cycles of LH and FSH are characterized by
      surges that peak at about 1700 h. The timing of this daily surge is similar to
      that observed in adult photoperiod-induced anovulatory or lactating females and
      to that of ovulatory females on the afternoon of proestrus. The purpose of this
      investigation was to determine if initiation of cyclic GTH release during the
      prepubertal period results in significant changes in ovarian function. A second
      objective was to examine the similarity between cyclic secretion of GTH in the
      prepubertal animal and that in the short day anovulatory adult. Groups of
      prepubertal females were killed throughout a 24-h period on days 13-14, 19-20,
      and 27-28, i.e. both before and after the expected onset of cyclic GTH release.
      LH did not vary significantly on days 13-14, but thereafter showed a significant
      rhythm, with a maximum at 1700 h. Levels of progesterone (P) were low and
      nonvarying on days 13-14, but a significant rhythm was measured in samples
      collected on days 27-28. When samples were collected from photoperiod-induced
      anovulatory adults, the rhythm of circulating LH and P was similar to that in the
      late prepubertal female. Ovariectomy of 22-day-old females resulted in low and
      tonic levels of P when the animals were killed 3 days later at 1400, 1700, and
      2000 h, showing that the cyclical rhythm of P measured in these samples results
      from ovarian, not adrenal, secretion. The response of the daily cycle of LH to
      phenobarbital (PB) blockade in prepubertal females was identical to that in the
      adult: the LH surge did not occur on the afternoon of PB injection, but
      reappeared 24 h later at the expected time. The late afternoon surge of P was
      also blocked by PB administration. These results show 1) that the initiation of
      cyclic GTH secretion by the prepubertal female hamster influences ovarian
      maturation as reflected by changes in the levels and patterns of secretion of P;
      2) that the rhythms of LH, FSH, and P secretion in the prepubertal female are
      similar to those in the photoperiod-induced anovulatory adult; and 3) that the
      response of the prepubertal female to barbiturate blockade is identical to that
      of the adult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421566
TI  - The dark mink: a model of male infertility.
AB  - Breeding mink for a fine dark fur has coselected male infertility, which may be
      manifest at the onset of breeding (primary infertility) or after one or more
      fertile breeding seasons (secondary infertility). Mink with primary infertility
      have low LH and testosterone levels. However, they respond to exogenous GnRH with
      increases in LH production and in the number and size of LH and FSH positive
      gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary. Exogenous human CG also induces
      testosterone secretion. Thus, mink with primary infertility are probably
      defective in GnRH secretion, which is due either to abnormal hypothalamic
      function or its control mechanisms. Autoimmune orchitis with testicular immune
      complexes are frequent in mink with secondary infertility, suggesting an
      autoimmune etiology. In contrast, fertile dark mink and fertile mink with the
      opaline and pastel fur have normal serum LH and testosterone levels; their testes
      are also normal. In mink with secondary infertility, the frequency and degree of
      orchitis and testicular immune complexes increased from March (peak sexual
      activity) to April (onset of testicular regression). Thus, testicular
      autoimmunity most likely develops during testicular regression. Antisperm
      antibodies also increased in frequency during testicular regression in the
      fertile dark mink and in dark mink with primary and secondary infertility. Thus,
      antisperm antibody per se is insufficient to induce autoimmune orchitis. It is
      concluded that the infertile mink is a useful model of human male infertility,
      involving both endocrinological and immunological mechanisms.

PMID- 6421567
TI  - Hormonal control of prostatic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testosterone
      modulates prostatic TRH concentrations.
AB  - The presence of extremely high concentrations of authentic TRH in the rat
      prostate prompted us to examine whether prostatic TRH concentrations were under
      hormonal control. Both the immunoreactive TRH content per prostate and TRH
      immunoreactivity expressed per 100 mg prostatic protein were lower in animals 2
      weeks after hypophysectomy than in sham-operated and calorically restricted
      weight-matched controls. Since many of the prostatic functions are testosterone
      dependent, we assessed the possibility that testosterone modulated prostatic TRH
      concentrations. We measured prostatic TRH concentrations in the following four
      groups of sexually mature male Sprague-Dawley rats: group I, sham operated; group
      II, castrated; group III, castrated animals with 5-mm Silastic testosterone
      implants; and group IV, castrated animals with 20-mm testosterone implants.
      Prostatic TRH concentrations in these four groups 2 weeks after surgery were
      600.5 +/- 33.3, 65.1 +/- 22.6, 169.4 +/- 55.3, and 609.5 +/- 144.3 (+/-SE) ng/100
      mg protein. There was good linear correlation between prostatic TRH
      concentrations and serum testosterone concentrations (r = 0.65; P less than
      0.01). By subjecting the pooled prostatic extracts from each group to ion
      exchange chromatography on a SP-Sephadex C-25 column and measuring the proportion
      of immunoreactivity coeluting with authentic TRH, it was shown that the fall in
      prostatic TRH immunoreactivity after castration and hypophysectomy was indeed due
      to a loss of authentic TRH. We conclude that the prostatic TRH concentrations are
      under hormonal control and appear to be modulated by serum testosterone
      concentrations. This is the first demonstration of hormonal regulation of a
      neuropeptide in a mammalian extrahypothalamic site and suggests a physiological
      role for this neuropeptide at this site.

PMID- 6421568
TI  - Mental effects of antiepileptic medication: a review.

PMID- 6421569
TI  - Treatment of mood disorders with antiepileptic medications: clinical and
      theoretical implications.

PMID- 6421571
TI  - Serotyping of 153 group B and C meningococci isolated in France, 1981-1982.

PMID- 6421570
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to desmin, the muscle-specific intermediate filament
      protein.
AB  - A set of monoclonal antibodies to desmin has been isolated from a fusion of mouse
      myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified porcine desmin.
      Eleven group I antibodies recognized desmin in the immune blot, and using defined
      desmin fragments the epitope has been tentatively assigned as lying between
      residues 325 and 372. When cell lines were tested in immunofluorescence only the
      human line RD and hamster BHK-21 were positive. When tissue sections were used,
      skeletal, cardiac, visceral and some vascular smooth muscle cells were positive.
      Thus, the group I antibodies appear specific for desmin and do not recognize
      other intermediate filament proteins. Group II monoclonals recognized not only
      desmin in the immune blot but also other polypeptides. The epitope of this class
      is located between residues 70 and 280. In immunofluorescence on cell lines and
      tissues, the staining patterns of group II antibodies were more complicated and
      demonstrate that not only other intermediate filament proteins but also
      additional antigenic determinants are being recognized. The group I antibodies
      stain, as expected from their desmin specificity, rat and human rhabdomyosarcomas
      and thus appear to be useful reagents in pathology.

PMID- 6421572
TI  - Isolation of two beta-xylosidase genes of Bacillus pumilus and comparison of
      their gene products.
AB  - The chromosomal DNA fragments of Bacillus pumilus IPO, a potent xylan-hydrolyzing
      bacterium, were ligated to a vector plasmid, pBR322, and used to transform
      Escherichia coli C600 cells. Two hybrid plasmids, pOXD28 and pOXN29, were found
      to enable the transformants to produce beta-xylosidase. The former was found to
      contain a 2.6-MDa Bg/II fragment and the latter, a 7.7-MDa PstI fragment, both
      coding beta-xylosidase, but xylanase is coded only on the latter hybrid plasmid.
      The DNAs inserted in both plasmids originated from the B. pumilus chromosome, but
      from different regions, as shown by Southern hybridization and the analysis of
      restriction fragments. beta-Xylosidases I and II, coded on pOXN29 and pOXD28
      respectively, were purified to homogeneous preparations and compared. Both were
      dimer enzymes consisting of 65000-70000-Da subunits. Specific activity and the Km
      value of beta-xylosidase I to p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside as substrate were
      respectively 100 and 1/40 times those of beta-xylosidase II. The mobilities of
      beta-xylosidases I and II on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were also
      different. beta-Xylosidase I, the gene of which is located near the xylanase gene
      on pOXN29, can convert xylooligosaccharides to xylose, but beta-xylosidase II had
      little activity on xylobiose. These results suggest that beta-xylosidase I is the
      main enzyme for xylan hydrolysis in B. pumilus.

PMID- 6421573
TI  - Detection of type-2 casein kinase and its endogenous substrates in the components
      of the microsomal fraction of rat liver.
AB  - Rat liver type-2 casein kinase-TS (Ck-TS) is unevenly distributed among the
      different components of the rat liver post-mitochondrial particulate fraction:
      while it accounts for the whole casein kinase activity of protein-glycogen
      particles, it is absent in the microsomal membranes (exhibiting exclusively
      casein kinase activity of type-1) and coexists with type-1 casein kinase in
      ribosomes. At least seven proteins whose phosphorylation is promoted by Ck-TS
      have been detected in these fractions. The only important target of Ck-TS in
      protein-glycogen particles is a rather heterogeneous protein of Mr around 85000
      which has been identified as glycogen synthase. Two polypeptides of Mr about
      16000, possibly identifiable with acidic proteins P1 and P2, and an unidentified
      protein of Mr about 35000 are the main ribosomal substrates of Ck-TS. Three
      protein bands of Mr 52000, 79000 and 91000 are also very efficiently
      phosphorylated whenever the microsomal membranes, devoid of intrinsic casein
      kinase-2, are incubated with cytosolic Ck-TS. These membrane-bound radiolabeled
      proteins require deoxycholate for their solubilization: they are very acidic,
      according to their high affinity for DEAE-cellulose, and give rise to partially
      superimposable [32P]peptide maps, suggesting extensive homologies among them.
      They also exhibit a low affinity Ca2+ binding activity comparable to that of
      calsequestrin.

PMID- 6421575
TI  - Accounting for the ATP-consuming processes in rabbit reticulocytes.
AB  - The report deals with a detailed balance of ATP production and consumption of the
      rabbit reticulocyte. The sum-total of ATP produced amounts to 135 mmol . 1-1 . h
      1. About 70% of the ATP consumption has been accounted for by specific processes.
      The main contributing processes are the globin synthesis with about 28%, the Na+,
      K+-ATPase with 23% and the proteolysis with more than 15%. 30% of ATP consumption
      has not been accounted for. Cycloheximide (20 microM) leads to a dissociation
      between synthesis and degradation of proteins, which argues against any
      obligatory connection between these processes. More than 90% of the lysine
      liberated from mitochondria by proteolysis were reutilized for the globin
      synthesis demonstrating the high nitrogen economy of reticulocytes. Each of the
      ATP-consuming processes studied appears to control ATP production in an
      independent manner without competition with each other.

PMID- 6421574
TI  - Specific cell-surface labeling of polyglycosyl chains in human erythrocytes and
      HL-60 cells using endo-beta-galactosidase and galactosyltransferase.
AB  - In order to identify the molecule components carrying polyglycosyl chains on cell
      surfaces a two-step enzymatic method was developed. In the first step, the cells
      were incubated with endo-beta-galactosidase to selectively expose terminal N
      acetylglucosamine residues of the lactosamine backbone to the chains. In the
      second step these residues were glycosylated by incubation with
      galactosyltransferase and radioactive UDP-galactose. As many as 2.5-3.0 X 10(6)
      residues per cell could be transferred to human erythrocytes. Negligible amounts
      of labeling occurred if either of the enzymes was omitted from the incubations.
      Of the label 80% was found in glycoproteins. In accordance with previous
      observations, bands 3 and 4.5 were found to be the main carriers of polyglycosyl
      chains. In human promyelotic HL-60 leukemia cells, a major band of apparent
      molecular weight of 110000-140000 was labeled. In addition, bands of lower
      molecular weight which appear to have escaped detection by previous methods were
      also labeled. The novel labeling method was found to be simple to perform, uses
      commercially available reagents, and leads to the efficient and highly specific
      labeling of cell surface molecules carrying polyglycosyl chains.

PMID- 6421576
TI  - Characterization of phospholipases A2 of Naja melanoleuca snake venom modified at
      the N-terminal region.
AB  - In phospholipase A2 from Naja melanoleuca snake venom all four lysines were
      converted into the epsilon-amidinated derivatives without reaction of the alpha
      amino group. The amidinated phospholipase (AMPA) showed high enzymatic activity.
      Starting from AMPA, chemical modification reactions were carried out at the alpha
      amino function. This group was blocked with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl or a
      phenylthiocarbamyl group. Furthermore the polypeptide chain was shortened by one
      residue by removing the N-terminal asparagine, resulting in the formation of des
      Asn1-AMPA. The native enzyme was shortened by eight residues by cyanogen bromide
      cleavage at the single methionine residue. Although all modified proteins show a
      reduced affinity for monomeric lipids, they are easily saturated with micellar
      substrate analogs. Whereas the removal of the N-terminal octapeptide abolished
      all enzymatic activity the other modified enzymes possess a low (1%), but
      measurable enzymatic activity. It is concluded that chemical modifications in the
      N-terminal region give rise to a distortion of the active site, thus reducing the
      activity of the lipid-bound enzyme.

PMID- 6421577
TI  - Characterization of inhibitor A, a protease from Bacillus thuringiensis which
      degrades attacins and cecropins, two classes of antibacterial proteins in
      insects.
AB  - The insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis produces an exoprotease, inhibitor A,
      at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. In vitro, the enzyme selectively
      destroys cecropins and attacins, two antibacterial proteins found in immune
      hemolymph from Hyalophora cecropia. The specificity of this enzyme was
      investigated using cecropin A(1-33) and HPLC for separation and characterization
      of the fragments obtained. A maximum of 12 different peptides were produced and
      their positions in the known sequence of cecropin A(1-33) were deduced from their
      amino acid compositions. The enzyme did not show a stringent requirement for a
      specific amino acid sequence at the cleavage site but prefers a hydrophobic
      residue on the C-terminal side. The specificity of the enzyme is explained in
      terms of the open structure of the cecropins and a pronounced inability of
      inhibitor A to attack globular proteins.

PMID- 6421579
TI  - The 5S RNA binding protein from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ribosomes. An
      RNA binding sequence in the carboxyl-terminal region.
AB  - The carboxyl-terminal half (CN2 fragment) of the yeast 5S RNA binding protein
      (YL3) retains an ability to form homogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes with RNA
      although the N-terminal half (CN1) appears to confer specificity for the 5S RNA
      molecule [Nazar, R.N., Yaguchi, M., Willick, G.E., Rollin, C.F. and Roy, C.
      (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 102, 573-582]. The nucleic acid binding site in this
      fragment was more clearly delineated by cleaving the CN2 fragment with a variety
      of enzymatic and chemical reagents and further examining the ability of the
      products to form RNA-peptide complexes. Hot acetic acid treatment produced a 47
      residue subfragment (CN2-A1) which originated from the C terminus and continued
      to form stable ribonucleopeptide complexes. The amino acid sequence of this
      subfragment was determined to be: -Pro-Ala-Phe-Lys-Pro-Thr-Glu-Lys50-Phe-Thr-Lys
      Glu-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Ala -Glu60-Ser-Ly s -Lys-Tyr-Arg-Gln-Thr-Lys-Leu-Ser70-Lys-Gln
      Gln-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Val -Ala-Ala80-Ly s -Ile-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Gly-Gln-Gln-COOH,
      with 12 of the 16 basic residues in the CN2 fragment being present in this
      binding site. The amino acid sequence of the CN2-A1 fragment bears a limited
      homology in both amino acid and charge distribution with histone 2B from mammals
      and with one of the 5S RNA binding proteins (EL25) from Escherichia coli. The
      results suggest that many protein binding sites for nucleic acids may share
      common structural features and further support the notion that the single large
      eukaryotic 5S RNA protein may have evolved through a fusion of genes for the
      multiple 5S RNA binding proteins in prokaryotes.

PMID- 6421578
TI  - Acyltransferase-catalyzed cleavage of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and
      transfer to lysophosphatides in macrophages derived from bone marrow. Comparison
      of different donor- and acceptor substrate combinations.
AB  - In a previous paper it was shown that in prelabeled murine thymocytes a direct
      CoA-mediated transfer of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine to
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine occurs which does not involve the intermediate
      formation of free fatty acid. The transfer is ATP-independent and is catalyzed by
      the acyl-CoA: lysophosphatide acyltransferase operating in reverse. In prelabeled
      thymocytes phosphatidylcholine was the only arachidonoyl donor and
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine the only lysoacceptor. In murine bone-marrow-derived
      macrophages a series of CoA-mediated transfer reactions were detected leading to
      a redistribution of arachidonic acid between phospholipids. Using exogenous
      substrates a bidirectional transfer from 1-acyl-2
      arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine to lysophosphatidylethanolamine occurs. An
      unidirectional transfer from 1-acyl-2-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol to
      lysophosphatidylcholine and from 1-acyl-2-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol to
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine was observed. Plasmalogenic lysoacceptors generally
      have a weaker acceptor capacity than the correspondent acyllysophospholipid. In
      macrophages the CoA-mediated transfer of arachidonoyl moieties is independent of
      ATP and Mg2+ and is totally inhibited by sodium cholate, indicating that it is
      catalyzed by the acyl-CoA: lysophosphatide acyltransferase.

PMID- 6421580
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase from Aspergillus nidulans. Effects of regulatory modifiers
      on the structure of the enzyme.
AB  - A method is described for purification of pyruvate carboxylase from Aspergillus
      nidulans by affinity chromatography on monomeric avidin-Sepharose. The purified
      enzyme is homogeneous as judged by electrophoretic and immunochemical analysis.
      The sub-unit Mr determined by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate is 133000 +/- 5000. Electron microscopic analysis of purified A.
      nidulans pyruvate carboxylase after negative staining with uranyl acetate reveals
      the presence of molecules showing rhomboid and triangular projections as well as
      a projection showing two intensity maxima. A cleft running along the longitudinal
      axis of the sub-unit is observed in the rhomboid and triangular projections.
      Interconversion between all three projections can be obtained in a tilt series.
      Significantly better preservation of molecular structure is obtained if A.
      nidulans pyruvate carboxylase is prepared for electron microscopy in the presence
      of acetyl-CoA, 2-oxoglutarate or as the enzyme-avidin complex. L-Aspartate has no
      significant effect when added alone but markedly decreases the enhanced
      preservation given by acetyl-CoA. No marked alterations in molecular dimensions
      are caused by any of these additions. L-Aspartate, but not 2-oxoglutarate,
      enhances the rate of inactivation observed on incubation of A. nidulans pyruvate
      carboxylase at 4 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M KCl. Addition of L-aspartate
      in low concentrations enhances the effectiveness of inhibition by 2-oxoglutarate
      by causing a decrease in the value of [I]0.5 without affecting the Hill
      coefficient h or the extent of activity observed at saturating 2-oxoglutarate
      concentrations. Conversely addition of low concentrations of 2-oxoglutarate
      decreases the concentration of L-aspartate required to give 50% inhibition but
      also causes a fall in h and an absolute increase in the extent of activity
      observed in the presence of saturating L-aspartate concentrations. The data are
      consistent with the proposal that A. nidulans pyruvate carboxylase is a
      tetrameric molecule in which the four sub-units are located at the corners of a
      tetrahedron. Metabolites which regulate the activity of the enzyme do not cause
      major alterations in this molecular structure but may alter its
      stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421581
TI  - Methionine sulfoxide formation: the cause of self-inactivation of reticulocyte
      lipoxygenase.
AB  - Under conditions leading to inactivation of reticulocyte lipoxygenase by 13LS
      hydroperoxylinoleic acid a single methionine, presumably in the active center of
      the enzyme, is oxidized to methionine sulfoxide.

PMID- 6421582
TI  - The mechanism of inactivation of lipoxygenases by acetylenic fatty acids.
AB  - The inactivation of soybean lipoxygenase by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid was
      studied in detail. The inactivation was found to be time-dependent and
      irreversible. A kinetic scheme, based on the assumption of a rapid inactivation
      of the enzyme-product complex, yielded a Km value for 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic
      acid of 1.3 microM, which is about a tenth of that described for arachidonic
      acid, and a reaction constant k+2 of 0.006s-1, which is four orders of magnitude
      lower. The reasons for these differences are discussed. Several types of
      experimental evidence indicate that the first step of the enzyme inactivation is
      the conversion of 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid via a lipoxygenase reaction:
      (a) the conversion of radioactively labelled methyl ester of 5,8,11,14
      eicosatetraynoic acid to other products; (b) the oxygen requirement of the
      inactivation; (c) the competitive protective effect of linoleic acid; (d) the
      similarity of the activation energy for both the dioxygenation of linoleic acid
      and the enzyme inactivation by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid; (e) the formation
      of one mole methionine sulfoxide/mole enzyme during the reaction with 5,8,11,14
      eicosatetraynoic acid, similar to the suicidal reaction of reticulocyte
      lipoxygenase with 13LS-hydroperoxy-linoleic acid. These results, as well as the
      lack of covalent binding of 14C-labelled 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid methyl
      ester, contradict the allene mechanism postulated by others [D.T. Downing, D.G.
      Ahern, and M. Bachta (1970) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 40, 218-223; K.H.
      Gibson (1977) Chem. Soc. Rev. 6, 489-510]. It is assumed that the susceptible
      methionine is located at the active centre of the enzyme.

PMID- 6421583
TI  - Changes in membrane-associated proteins during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Membrane proteins from vegetative and sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis were
      separated by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system using isoelectric
      focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (O'Farrell
      technique). Membrane proteins were isolated according to published procedures.
      The gels were stained with Coomassie blue. Three different concentrations of
      proteins were analyzed to detect even minor constituents. Over two hundred
      different membrane proteins were identified in vegetative cells by their
      isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (Mr). Analysis of membrane proteins
      from cells harvested during and at the end of logarithmic growth (A600
      approximately equal to 0.8; T0) and every hour thereafter until T4 showed that in
      the wild-type strain 55 proteins are degraded mostly at the beginning or
      sporulation. Many others (76 proteins) are newly synthesized during sporulation.
      About 16 proteins are synthesized at times during sporulation but again degraded
      within 1 h or less. Others (uncertain proteins, 65) are degraded and
      resynthesized again. This observation is in agreement with experiments previously
      published by Andreoli et al. [Andreoli, A. J., Kao, M., Chui, R., Cabrera, J.,
      and Wong, S. K. S (1981) in Sporulation and Germination (Levinson, H. S.,
      Sonenshein, A. L., and Tipper, D. J., eds) pp. 168-173, American Society for
      Microbiology, Washington] using Bacillus cereus. Experiments with the early
      blocked asporogenous mutant JH 649 (spoOF) showed that few proteins (40%) are
      degraded and even fewer (30%) are newly synthesized between A600 approximately
      equal to 0.8 and T4. Protease inhibitors (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, EDTA, o
      phenanthroline) have no effect on the protein patterns. The experiments presented
      here show that proteins involved in differentiation in B. subtilis can be
      identified by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system and with the aid of
      asporogenous mutants. In order to assure that no cytoplasmic proteins are
      contaminating the membrane preparations, several cytoplasmic enzyme activities
      have been measured. Their concentration was found to be always below 0.005% of
      total protein, which is below the level of detection by Coomassie blue staining.

PMID- 6421584
TI  - The importance of monopole-monopole and monopole-dipole interactions on the
      binding of NADPH and NADPH analogues to p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from
      Pseudomonas fluorescens. Effects of pH and ionic strength.
AB  - NADPH binding to p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens is
      found to be strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. In the ionic strength
      range of 0.02-0.15 M, optimal NADPH binding is observed at a pH value of 6.4.
      Extrapolation of the dissociation constants to infinite ionic strength shows that
      under these conditions optimal binding occurs at pH values greater than 8.
      Similar results were obtained for complexes between the enzyme and two NADPH
      analogues in the presence or absence of the substrate. The experimental data can
      be explained by a theoretical model in which monopole-monopole or monopole-dipole
      interactions between the enzyme and the ligand are dominant. Changes in the
      former interaction prevail at low ionic strength and low pH values while the
      changes in the latter prevail at high ionic strength and high pH values. The
      dipole moment of the enzyme in the direction of the NADPH binding site was
      calculated from the ionic strength and pH dependence of the complex formation.
      The calculated dipole moment of the enzyme is about 2000 Debye at pH 6 and
      decreases to about 1100 Debye at pH 8.5. The results are discussed with respect
      to published results, including data obtained from the enzyme from a different
      source.

PMID- 6421586
TI  - Reversible fixation for the study of morphology and macromolecular composition of
      fragile biological structures.
AB  - Many subcellular structures are assemblies of subunits, which are in dynamic
      equilibrium with free subunits in solution. Their dissociation upon dilution,
      resulting from cell lysis, can be prevented by adequate fixation. If the latter
      is reversible, the constituting proteins of such subcellular structures can be
      analysed electrophoretically. Polyheads of bacteriophage T4 are in dynamic
      equilibrium with their subunits. They fit very well as a probe to measure the
      efficiency of crosslinking by the arrest of dissociation upon dilution and upon
      treatment with hot SDS. Formaldehyde (5%, 20 min, 20 degrees C) leads to a
      stabilisation comparable to fixation with glutaraldehyde (1%, 30 min). The
      fixation is shown to be reversible up to 86% by acid and borohydride treatment,
      but is stable towards heat and SDS-mercaptoethanol. Bands of the reversed
      proteins are neat and not found in detectably different positions in comparison
      to controls, when checked by SDS gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6421585
TI  - Topological location of diamine oxidase in the transverse plane of rabbit liver
      microsomal membranes.
AB  - The transverse topology of diamine oxidase within rabbit liver microsomal
      membranes was studied by examining the proteolytic digestion of sealed or
      detergent-permeabilized microsomal vesicles. Trypsin and pronase had no effect on
      diamine oxidase activity in any incubation conditions tested, while nagarse
      treatment reduced by 60-70% the enzymic activity of intact microsomes; no further
      loss of activity was observed in the presence of detergent. These results
      demonstrate that the active site of diamine oxidase faces the cytoplasmic
      membrane surface, and suggest that it does not possess or expose on either
      membrane surfaces bonds susceptible to the proteolytic attack by trypsin or
      pronase. The possible significance and the biological implications of the results
      are discussed.

PMID- 6421587
TI  - Tubular myelin structures in the lungs of amphibia. The mode of formation.
AB  - The lungs of the tree frog Hyla arborea and the toad Bufo bufo were fixed in
      glutaraldehyde with the addition of picric acid or tannic acid to visualize
      tubular myelin (TM), one of the forms of pulmonary surfactant. The lungs of both
      Hyla and Bufo are complex in structure and possess one type of pneumocytes
      containing numerous lamellar bodies (LBs). The alveolar lining layer in the lung
      of Hyla includes numerous LBs at different stages of transformation into a
      monolayer film, but the lattice is sparse, delicate and unstable. The structure
      of smooth membranes in the alveolar layer is not clearly visible and their
      thickness varies from 4.0 to 7.2 nm. In the lung of Bufo TM occurs commonly in
      the alveolar lining layer. Membranes of LBs are smooth particle-free bilayers of
      8.1 to 12.0 nm thick. During transformation into TM, the membranes become covered
      by fuzzy coat and irregularly spaced rod-like particles of 8 to 13 nm in
      diameter. I suppose that these particles facilitate the maintenance of TM
      structures.

PMID- 6421588
TI  - Structural organization of macronuclear chromatin of the ciliate Bursaria
      truncatella in resting cysts and at excysting.
AB  - The structural studies of macronuclear chromatin of the ciliate Bursaria
      truncatella showed that in resting cysts practically all macronuclear chromatin
      was arranged in compact clumps 100 to 300 nm in size. By means of negative
      staining the internal structure of chromatin clumps was revealed; the chromatin
      clumps were shown to consist of subunits corresponding in size to nucleosomes.
      Upon incubation in low salt buffer the chromatin clumps decondensed forming loop
      shaped chromatin fibres suggesting a similar structural organization of both the
      chromatin clumps of cysts and the chromatin clumps of grown and differentiated
      Bursaria truncatella cells [8, 9, 16]. We established that at excysting there
      occurred natural decondensation of the chromatin clumps resulting in loop-shaped
      chromatin fibres around the clumps. This in all probability was due to activation
      of macronuclear chromatin. Sometimes short transcription units of nonribosomal
      genes (0,2-1,3 micron in contour length) with closely located RNP-fibrils (more
      than 20 fibrils per 1 micron) were observed on the loops. We suggest that such
      genes respond to the synthesis of proteins involved in regulation of excysting
      and/ or subsequent cell growth and differentiation.

PMID- 6421589
TI  - Microfilament distribution and adhesion patterns in cultured cells after
      glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde fixation.
AB  - To study the relationship between microfilament distribution and adhesion
      patterns in the same cultured cell, we have employed a simple glutaraldehyde
      formaldehyde fixation technique followed by permeabilization of the cells in
      buffered Triton X-100. This method gives an excellent preservation of cellular
      morphology in general and of adhesion patterns in particular for examination with
      surface reflection interference microscopy. It also permits the concomitant use
      of the actin-specific fluorescent probe NBD-phallacidin to visualize the
      distribution of microfilaments.

PMID- 6421590
TI  - Evaluation of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy for the early detection of
      sacroiliitis.
AB  - Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy (QSS) was evaluated for the detection of
      sacroiliac (SI) joint disease before the appearance of radiographic/changes. QSS
      with fractional quantitation was done in 13 age- and sex-matched controls and 28
      patients with different grades of radiographic sacroiliitis. The SI index of each
      joint was considered separately. The mean SI index values in patients with grade
      I radiographic sacroiliitis (1.54) and HLA-B27 positive patients with low back
      pain (1.50) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than the mean SI index
      of controls (1.22); but more than 50% of their SI index values were within the
      97.5% confidence limits of the control range. The mean SI index values of
      patients with grade II (1.38) and grade III (1.34) radiographic sacroiliitis did
      not differ significantly from the mean SI index of controls (P greater than
      0.05). Thus a large overlap between the normal and abnormal ranges of sacroiliac
      ratios limits the utility of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy for the early
      diagnosis of sacroiliac joint disease.

PMID- 6421591
TI  - Leucocyte scanning: preparation and labelling of leucocytes with 111-Indium oxide
      and its clinical application.
AB  - A method for the concentration of leucocytes from blood and labelling of the
      separated cells with 111-Indium oxine is described. This method guaranteed a good
      preparation. On average there were 64.8% of leucocytes from the blood in the
      concentrate. The yield of the labelling averaged 93%. Seventy-two patients from
      various departments were examined to test the clinical application of the
      labelled leucocytes in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. The results
      obtained led to the formulation of six indications for the appropriate
      application of leucocyte scanning in everyday clinical routine.

PMID- 6421592
TI  - Highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for dihydroergotoxine components
      in plasma.
AB  - The development of three analogous radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures for
      dihydroergotoxine components is described. The antisera were produced by
      immunization of rabbits with immunogens obtained by coupling egg albumin to the
      indole group of each ergot alkaloid derivative. In each radioimmunoassay,
      antibodies do not cross-react more than 5% with the two other derivatives. The
      tracers iodinated with iodine 125 were prepared by the chloramine-T method and
      purified by thin layer chromatography. Both antibody affinity and high specific
      radioactivity of tracers allow a sensitive assay (detection limit less than 20
      pg/ml) in human plasma. After high performance liquid chromatography of extracted
      plasma, immunoreactive materials other than those corresponding to the elution of
      the three dihydroergotoxine components were not detected. Two preliminary
      pharmacokinetic profiles obtained in dog and human for each derivative are shown.

PMID- 6421593
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone and sleep-related gonadotropin rhythms
      in girls with premature thelarche.
AB  - The concentrations of LH, FSH and PRL were determined in serum samples obtained
      at night in 1-2 h intervals as well as at 15 min intervals during a 3 h period
      between 9 and 12 p.m. and 9 and 12 a.m. in three girls with premature thelarche,
      who had not developed further signs of precocious puberty for more than 18
      months. A sleep-dependent LH and FSH increase was documented in all of them with
      a predominance of FSH secretion during sleep and after LHRH stimulation. In all
      three girls an episodic pattern of LH was found during sleep. In daytime minor
      fluctuations of LH secretion were found in two patients whereas in one patient an
      episodic LH pattern was demonstrable with minor peak values as during sleep.
      Normal PRL secretion during sleep as well as after TRH stimulation excludes a
      permissive role of this hormone in premature thelarche. We conclude that in girls
      with isolated premature thelarche a matured hypothalamo-pituitary gonadotropin
      axis is active comparable to normal pubertal children.

PMID- 6421595
TI  - Serum lipids and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in primary hypothyroidism before
      and during treatment.
AB  - Serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and B were measured in twenty
      four patients with severe primary hypothyroidism (Thyrotropin above 40 mU/l),
      before and during 1-thyroxine treatment. Apo A-I, A-II, and B were assayed by
      immunonephelometry, using monospecific antisera. The serum levels of total
      cholesterol (TC), of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and of the major
      LDL apoprotein, apo B, were markedly increased in the untreated hypothyroid
      patients compared to the values during therapy (TC: mean +/- SD, 8.87 +/- 2.9 v.
      5.48 +/- 1.6 mmol/l; LDLc: 6.66 +/- 2.6 v. 3.78 +/- 1.4 mmol/l; apo B: 1.66 +/-
      0.48 v. 1.14 +/- 0.37 g/l; P less than 0.00001 for all variables). High-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) was slightly higher before than during therapy
      (1.58 +/- 0.7 v. 1.31 +/- 0.4 mmol/l; P less than 0.05), while the main HDL
      apoprotein, apo A-I, was significantly elevated (1.49 +/- 0.42 v. 1.13 +/- 0.27
      g/l; P less than 0.0002). The increase of the second major HDL apoprotein, apo A
      II, was less pronounced (0.33 +/- 0.1 v. 0.30 +/- 0.08 g/l; P less than 0.022).
      The apo A-I to apo A-II ratio, which reflects the relative concentrations of the
      HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, was significantly higher before than during
      treatment (P less than 0.0006). Serum triglyceride levels were moderately
      elevated in the untreated hypothyroid patients (1.34 +/- 0.6 v. 0.95 +/- 0.4
      mmol/l; P less than 0.002). The small decrease in body weight during therapy did
      not correlate with the changes of the various lipid and apoprotein
      parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421594
TI  - Protein malnutrition after jejunoileal bypass in the rat. Possible contribution
      of the exocrine pancreas and the included intestine.
AB  - A 90% jejunoileal bypass induces in the rat a protein malnutrition state which is
      characterized (1) by the decreased level of plasma proteins and albumins and (2)
      by the reduced level of most essential and non-essential plasma amino acids. In
      the exocrine pancreas there was a decreased content of digestive enzymes,
      especially of amylase, while the secretion of enzymes studied in vitro was
      reduced. In the ileum left in one piece, the specific activities of maltase and
      sucrase increased significantly while aminopeptidase was unaffected. It is
      suggested that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency observed after small bowel
      bypass in the rat might contribute to protein malnutrition (1) by producing
      maldigestion and (2) by inducing an imbalance in intestinal enzymes favouring a
      preferential absorption of carbohydrates compared to proteins, thus emphasizing
      the protein malnutrition state.

PMID- 6421596
TI  - Quality control in parathyroid hormone radioimmunoassays: a multicentre study
      performed by the European Parathyroid Hormone Study Group.
AB  - This paper reports the results of the second collaborative study of
      radioimmunological parathyroid hormone (PTH) determination in twenty-two serum
      samples, performed by twenty-four laboratories in the European PTH Study Group
      (EPSG). It demonstrates that radioimmunoassay systems can yield results that are
      clinically relevant in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia. However, it
      also emphasizes, that numerical values, generated by a spectrum of different
      immunoassay systems cannot be compared directly. Numerical values can be
      compared, if the same reagents and method, provided as a kit, are used. Using
      their 'in house' reagents, fourteen out of twenty laboratories discriminated
      between low and normal iPTH serum, eleven of them between normal and marginal
      hyperparathyroid sera, seventeen of them between normal and grossly
      hyperparathyroid sera. Four laboratories agreed to a ranking order of serum
      samples, which was expected to cover all ranges on an average standard
      calibration curve, six were mistaking once, and ten two or more times. Using the
      kit, all participants but one discriminated between sera with low, normal,
      marginal and grossly elevated PTH and all agreed to the above ranking order of
      these sera. As far as these criteria are concerned, there was no relation between
      the quality of results, obtained with 'in house' reagents, and differences in
      antisera (but one, which was an anti human 1-34 PTH antiserum), methods of tracer
      preparation, and peptides used for tracer preparation. But only few laboratories,
      using bovine PTH standards were able to satisfy the above described conditions,
      whereas all of the laboratories, using human PTH standard preparations, did so
      with minor exceptions.

PMID- 6421597
TI  - Heterogeneity of alveolar surfactant in the rabbit: composition, morphology, and
      labelling of subfractions isolated by centrifugation of lung lavage.
AB  - Rabbit alveolar saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) can be separated by
      differential and density gradient centrifugation of lung lavage into three
      fractions. One fraction ('B'), which is analogous to conventionally prepared
      alveolar surfactant, contains 46.0 +/- 5.9% (SD) of lavage SPC, and is made of
      large multilamellar vesicles or sheet-like structures. A second fraction ('C')
      does not sediment after centrifugation at 80 000 g for 90 min, contains 29.8 +/-
      14.0% of lavage SPC, and a uniform population of small vesicles. This fraction
      incorporates 3H-palmitate administered intravenously with a small delay with
      respect to fraction 'B'. A third fraction ('D') contains almost all the cells of
      lavage and less than 5% of lavage SPC. We conclude that alveolar SPC consists of
      more than one compartment. The possible significance of isolated fractions is
      discussed.

PMID- 6421598
TI  - Bile lipid composition and haemostatic variables in a case of high density
      lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease).
AB  - A 62-year-old man with clinical and biochemical findings consistent with
      homozygous Tangier disease is presented. Widespread atherosclerosis was present.
      Bile lipid analysis showed a low molar percentage of cholesterol with a low
      saturation index. The data suggest that high density lipoprotein cholesterol may
      act as a preferential precursor of biliary cholesterol. Coagulation and platelet
      studies indicated that the patient's platelets were hyper-responsive to
      aggregating agents and produced an increased amount of thromboxane B2. A platelet
      storage pool deficiency was also found.

PMID- 6421599
TI  - Effects of methylprednisolone on the Fc-receptor function of human
      reticuloendothelial system in vivo.
AB  - To determine whether the Fc-receptor function of reticuloendothelial system (RES)
      is modified by corticosteroid administration, we studied the spleen to liver
      uptake ratios of autologous, 99Tc-labelled heat-damaged or IgG-coated
      erythrocytes, injected intravenously into 10 normal volunteers, 4 h after
      receiving a single dose of 32 mg of methylprednisolone by mouth. In standard
      conditions, quantitative scans indicated that the spleen to liver uptake ratios,
      calculated per unit area 40 min after the injection of labelled erythrocytes,
      were 13.4 +/- 0.6 and 31.2 +/- 1.5 (mean values +/- -SEM), for the heat-damaged
      (n = 7) and IgG-coated red cells (n = 5) respectively. Four hours after
      corticosteroid administration, the spleen to liver uptake ratios were
      significantly reduced in five of ten volunteers. Abnormal ratios correlated with
      the Fc-receptor function of monocytes measured in vitro using IgG-coated
      erythrocytes. Indeed, 2-6 h after methylprednisolone was given, the Fc-receptor
      binding activity of monocytes isolated from the same five subjects was reduced by
      at least 50%, spontaneously returning to a rather normal value 4-6 h later. The
      C3-receptor binding activity of these monocytes remained normal, after otherwise
      identical experimental conditions. These results show a transient, specific
      impairment of the Fc-receptor function of RES after methylprednisolone
      administration, and may therefore explain, in part, the infectious complications
      occurring in some patients treated by corticosteroids.

PMID- 6421600
TI  - Simultaneous assay of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolite,
      dihydroxyphenylglycol, in plasma: a simplified approach to the exclusion of
      phaeochromocytoma in patients with borderline elevation of plasma noradrenaline
      concentration.
AB  - The fate of noradrenaline released from sympathetic endings differs from that of
      noradrenaline secreted directly into the bloodstream. This has been used to
      establish a single sample test for the exclusion of phaeochromocytoma in patients
      with borderline elevation of plasma noradrenaline concentration. This test is
      based on the measurement of the ratio in plasma of noradrenaline to its
      deaminated metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). The latter was shown to
      reflect mainly nervous release of noradrenaline and its plasma concentration was
      not increased during intravenous noradrenaline infusion. In seventeen
      phaeochromocytoma patients the ratio in plasma of noradrenaline to DHPG was
      greater than 2 (range 2.05-3.57); in nineteen non-phaeochromocytoma patients the
      reverse was found, the ratio of DHPG to noradrenaline being greater than 2 (range
      2.08-2.74). Since DHPG can be measured simultaneously with noradrenaline,
      measurement of the plasma ratio of these two catechols may prove a simple method
      of differentiating phaeochromocytoma from nonphaeochromocytoma patients.

PMID- 6421601
TI  - Effect of ciprofibrate treatment on biliary lipids in patients with
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Treatment with hypolipidaemic drugs such as clofibrate increases secretion of
      biliary cholesterol and induces supersaturation of bile, leading to an increased
      risk of gallstone formation. Ciprofibrate is a phenoxyisobutyrate derivative with
      lipid-lowering effects in hyperlipoproteinaemia. We analysed serum lipid levels
      and biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation of gallbladder bile in
      nineteen hyperlipoproteinaemic patients before and after 6 weeks treatment with
      ciprofibrate, 100 mg daily. In addition, hepatic secretion rates of biliary
      lipids were determined in eight of the patients. Ten of the patients were also
      studied after 1 year of treatment. Short-term treatment reduced the serum
      cholesterol levels by about 20% (P less than 0.001) and the serum triglycerides
      by about 40% (P less than 0.001). The relative cholesterol concentration and
      cholesterol saturation of bile were not significantly increased for the group as
      a whole, nor in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (n = 9), or with
      other types of hyperlipidaemia (n = 10). During treatment, however, fourteen
      patients had saturated bile compared with nine before treatment. An increase in
      cholesterol saturation was the consequence of an increased hepatic secretion of
      cholesterol whereas the secretion rates of bile acids and phospholipids were
      unaffected. After 1 year of treatment the serum lipid concentrations were reduced
      to about the same level as after 6 weeks, whereas biliary lipid composition and
      cholesterol saturation had returned to pre-treatment values. In contrast to
      clofibrate ciprofibrate exerts hypolipidaemic effects without consistently
      increasing the relative cholesterol concentration in bile. In some patients it
      leads to a transient rise in cholesterol saturation of gallbladder bile.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421602
TI  - Functional significance of the regulation of macrophage Ia expression.
AB  - The relationship of Ia expression and antigen-presenting function by macrophages
      has been evaluated. When macrophages are maintained in standard culture media,
      both Ia antigens and accessory cell function are lost. The reacquisition of these
      properties follows exposure to an Ia-inducing lymphokine, for which cDNA-derived
      interferon-gamma may substitute. The induction of function is related
      quantitatively to the level of Ia expression. Moreover, both properties reflect
      newly expressed Ia determinants, since treatment with anti-I-A plus complement at
      the beginning of culture diminishes neither the subsequent level of Ia expression
      nor function. Treatment with anti-Mac-1 plus complement, however, reduces
      function commensurate with the effectiveness of macrophage depletion. Finally, we
      find that fixation of macrophages after exposure to antigen does not inhibit
      antigen presentation, indicating that metabolic activity, while required for
      antigen processing, is not necessary for presentation.

PMID- 6421603
TI  - Antibody-free target cells stimulate chemiluminescence in polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes: an artifact due to mycoplasma contamination.
AB  - The generation of toxic oxygen species represents a significant mechanism in the
      killing of microorganisms and antibody-coated cells by phagocytic cells. We have
      investigated the possibility that antibody-free target cells stimulate reactive
      oxygen generation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) using the measurement of
      luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). It was found that the induction of CL
      consistently correlated with a mycoplasma contamination of the target cells. Free
      mycoplasma organisms of two species found frequently as contaminants in cell
      culture also stimulated CL. Upon artificial infection with mycoplasma, cultured
      cells acquired the capacity to evoke CL generation in PMNL. Our experiments
      strongly suggest that the induction of reactive oxygen generation by antibody
      free target cells is an artifact due to mycoplasma contamination of the target
      cell cultures.

PMID- 6421604
TI  - Intrinsic and antagonistic effects of beta-carboline FG 7142 on behavioral and
      EEG actions of benzodiazepines and pentobarbital in cats.
AB  - The methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide FG 7142 (10 mg/kg i.p.) produced a
      pronounced state of alertness, attentive behavior and fearfulness in the cat.
      Electroencephalographic (EEG) desynchronization in the cortex and theta rhythms
      in the hippocampus occurred concomitantly. Behavioral and hippocampal EEG actions
      of FG 7142 were reduced by Ro 15-1788 (10 mg/kg i.p.). The benzodiazepines
      diazepam and quazepam produced behavioral and EEG effects which were completely
      antagonized by FG 7142. The pentobarbital effects also were partially
      antagonized. These findings suggest that the cat provides an interesting model to
      study the anxiogenic properties of beta-carbolines.

PMID- 6421605
TI  - Comparison of three beta-amino anilides: IQB-M-81, lidocaine and tocainide, on
      isolated rat atria.
AB  - The effects of a new beta-amino anilide, IQB-M-81, on electrical and mechanical
      activity of isolated rat atria were studied and compared with those of lidocaine
      and tocainide. In spontaneously beating right atria IQB-M-81 produced a dose
      dependent decrease in rate, contractile force and maximum following frequency and
      prolonged the sinus node recovery time and the effective refractory period of
      atrial fibers. The negative inotropic effect was not modified by pretreating the
      atria with atropine or practolol. In isolated right atria IQB-M-81 did not block
      the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to isoprenaline but shifted the
      dose-response curve to the right. IQB-M-81 and lidocaine, but not tocainide,
      reduced in a dose-dependent manner the slow contractions induced by isoprenaline
      in K-depolarized right atria. These results suggest that in contrast to other
      beta-amino anilides, IQB-M-81 exerted a negative chronotropic effect and that it
      presented a class I antiarrhythmic effect on isolated rat atria. A possible class
      IV antiarrhythmic effect is also discussed.

PMID- 6421606
TI  - Transdihydrolisuride, a partial dopamine receptor antagonist: effects on
      monoamine metabolism.
AB  - The 9,10-transdihydro analogue of the dopaminergic ergot derivative lisuride,
      transdihydrolisuride (TDHL) stimulated the accumulation of dopa following
      inhibition of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine
      HCl in striatum (0.1-10 mg/kg i.p.), in the dopamine rich part of the limbic
      system (at 3 mg/kg i.p.) and in the neocortex (0.3-10 mg/kg i.p.). At a low dose
      (0.03 mg/kg) however, TDHL inhibited dopa accumulation in the limbic system. In
      gamma-butyrolactone-pretreated rats TDHL not only inhibited the accumulation of
      dopa in striatum and in the dopamine-rich part of the limbic system but also
      antagonized the inhibitory effect of lisuride on dopa accumulation. The
      accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan was reduced in striatum, in parts of the
      limbic system and neocortex only at high doses of TDHL (3 and 10 mg/kg i.p.).
      TDHL (0.03 or 3 mg/kg i.p.) did not change the alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
      methylester HCl-induced disappearance of dopamine but accelerated the
      disappearance of noradrenaline at a dose of 3 mg/kg in all brain regions studied.
      The striatal level of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was increased by TDHL dose
      dependently, the maximum effect being only half of that induced by haloperidol.
      TDHL (0.3 and 3 mg/kg i.p.) stimulated the accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine and
      normetanephrine following monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition with pargyline. The
      data suggest that TDHL is a mixed agonist-antagonist at central dopamine
      receptors. Under normal conditions the antagonistic component appears to
      predominate in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic system. The stimulation of
      noradrenaline turnover was most likely due to an adrenoceptor antagonistic action
      of TDHL.

PMID- 6421608
TI  - Intracellular localization and metabolism of DNA polymerase alpha in human cells
      visualized with monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibody against DNA
      polymerase alpha revealed the intranuclear localization of DNA polymerase alpha
      in G1, S, and G2 phases of transformed human cells, and dispersed cytoplasmic
      distribution during mitosis. In the quiescent, G0 phase of normal human skin
      fibroblasts or lymphocytes, the alpha-enzyme was barely detectable by either
      immunofluorescence or enzyme activity. By exposing cells to proliferation
      stimuli, however, DNA polymerase alpha appeared in the nuclei just prior to onset
      of DNA synthesis, increased rapidly during S phase, reached the maximum level at
      late S and G2 phases, and was then redistributed to the daughter cells through
      mitosis. It was also found that the increase in the amount of DNA polymerase
      alpha by proliferation stimuli was not affected by inhibition of DNA synthesis
      with aphidicolin or hydroxyurea.

PMID- 6421607
TI  - The inhibitory effect of histamine on the motility of rat uterus in vivo.
AB  - The experiments concerned the effects of histamine and its analogs 4
      methylhistamine and 2-pyridyl-ethylamine on the spontaneous activity of the
      estrogenized rat uterus in vivo. These agonists given intravenously inhibited
      uterine activity. Histamine and 4-methylhistamine, but not 2-pyridyl ethylamine,
      produced this effect in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of histamine to
      reduce uterine activity was lowered by pretreatment with reserpine, adrenalectomy
      or 6-hydroxydopamine. The effect of 4-methylhistamine also was reduced by
      reserpine or adrenalectomy. The inhibitory effect of 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine was
      completely abolished by reserpine or adrenalectomy. Cimetidine attenuated the
      residual inhibitory effect of histamine in reserpinized rats. These results
      suggest that the uterine inhibitory action of histamine and 4-methylhistamine is
      mediated through catecholamine release and direct stimulation of the H2
      receptors. The effect of 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine is only mediated by release
      catecholamine.

PMID- 6421609
TI  - Effects of D-valine on pulmonary artery endothelial cell morphology and function
      in cell culture.
AB  - The effects of D-valine on the cell culture of bovine pulmonary artery
      endothelial cells were studied using D-valine-modified Minimal Essential Medium
      (MEM). D-Valine-treated cultures (46-920 mg/l) were compared with replicate cells
      grown in L-valine (46 mg/l)-MEM. All media were supplemented with 15% fetal
      bovine serum (FBS). Endothelial cells were grown for 14 passages with split
      ratios varying from 1:3 to 1:6. Unlike cells grown in L-valine MEM, cells grown
      in D-valine MEM did not become contaminated by the growth fibroblasts in primary
      cultures. D-Valine-treated cells were found to grow in cobblestone array, exhibit
      contact inhibition and strongly express factor-VIII antigen (F-VIII). D-Valine
      grown cells produced PGI2 in greater proportion to PGE2, both constitutively and
      when stimulated by bradykinin, on comparison with cells grown in L-valine. In
      addition, cells grown in L-valine, although able to express factor VIII, were not
      comparable to D-valine cells with respect to other parameters assayed (morphology
      and growth as a monolayer).

PMID- 6421610
TI  - Evolution of karyotype in haploid cell lines of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Seven continuous cell lines have been established in vitro from lethal embryos
      produced by the female sterile mutant mh 1182 of Drosophila melanogaster. Six
      lines show haploid metaphases. Karyotype analysis revealed a high level of
      aneuploid cells with frequent chromosome fragments. In three lines, haploid cells
      were quickly overgrown by diploid cells. Two lines were more stable but the
      proportion of haploid cells decreased with time. One line was stable, showing 80
      90% of haploid cells for over 1 000 cell generations. Stable haploid clones have
      been isolated from two lines. Crossing of mh 1182/mh 1182 females with males
      bearing a ring X chromosome shows that the haploid genome retained in the cells
      is of maternal origin and that the diploid cells derive from pre-existing haploid
      cells. The appearance of the diploid cells and the conditions of karyotypic
      stability are analysed.

PMID- 6421611
TI  - Sputum sol-phase proteins and elastase activity in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Sputum and serum samples were obtained from 38 patients with cystic fibrosis seen
      as out-patients at routine follow-up, or from patients admitted with acute
      pulmonary exacerbations of their disease. Elastolytic activity was measurable in
      the sputum of 13 of 16 out-patient samples and detectable in 21 of 22 patients
      admitted with pulmonary exacerbation. The enzyme activity was inhibited by soy
      bean trypsin inhibitor and alpha 1 antitrypsin, but not by ethylenediamine
      tetracetic acid, suggesting that it was predominantly a serine proteinase,
      probably leucocyte elastase. The mean sputum/serum albumin ratio was 2.53 X 10(
      2) (SD +/- 2.4) for the out-patients and this was not significantly different
      from those of patients admitted with pulmonary exacerbation. However, those
      patients admitted with fever had increased sputum/serum albumin ratios (mean =
      4.66 X 10(-2); SD +/- 3.19) compared with those admitted with a normal
      temperature (mean = 1.52 X 10(-2); SD +/- 0.41. 2p less than 0.01). The albumin
      ratios of the pyrexial group fell with antibiotic therapy. The sputum/serum alpha
      1 antitrypsin ratios were generally greater than expected (by comparison with
      albumin) and evidence is presented suggesting that this is due to immunological
      over-estimation.

PMID- 6421612
TI  - Lung function in children with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests were performed on 12 children with hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis (HP) aged from 4-15 years (10 with bird breeder's lung and 2 with
      farmer's lung). Lung volumes, lung mechanics (lung resistance, dynamic lung
      compliance (CLdyn], lung transfer factor for CO (TLCO), and blood gases were
      measured. Eleven children ceased to be exposed to the antigen, and the functional
      course was studied as a function of time after the cessation of exposure (CE).
      During the short term (less than 2 months after CE) initial hypoxemia was
      observed and CLdyn and TLCO were below normal. Two months after CE, blood gases
      were normal in most of the cases. A persistent hypoxemia appeared to be an
      unfavorable prognostic factor. CLdyn was normal by the eighth month after CE,
      while TLCO improved more slowly and remained significantly decreased in one case.
      In our series the children under 10 years had less functional abnormalities and
      normalized more rapidly than the older children. The one child without CE, had
      major functional abnormalities.

PMID- 6421614
TI  - Partial preservation of motor function by inhibition of arachidonate metabolism
      in rats with phospholipase A2-induced caudate lesions.
AB  - Dexamethasone pretreatment prevents motor impairment manifested by ipsilateral
      rotation and phospholipid alterations resulting from phospholipase A2-induced
      caudate nucleus lesions in rats. If motor function preservation is attributed
      solely to the antiprostaglandin activity of dexamethasone, then indomethacin (an
      inhibitor of cyclooxygenase) and phenidone (an inhibitor of both lipoxygenase and
      cyclooxygenase) should also diminish rotation. Phenidone offered dose-related,
      partial protection whereas indomethacin did not. Histologic sections of rat brain
      indicated that a positive correlation existed between the size of the caudate
      lesion and number of rotations for the various treatments. Because dexamethasone
      produced essentially complete protection, it is hypothesized that dexamethasone
      protects caudate motor function by interfering with breakdown of membrane
      phospholipids, as well as by preventing formation of arachidonate and its
      products.

PMID- 6421613
TI  - Turning behavior, barrel rolling, and sensory neglect induced by picrotoxin in
      the thalamus.
AB  - Microinjections of picrotoxin in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus (VMT) in the
      rat elicited a slow contralateral turning plus a stereotyped upward sniffing. The
      animals showed a tendency to stand on the hind legs, increased grooming, and a
      tilt of the head toward the injected side. Similar injections in the
      parafascicular nuclear complex (Pf) initiated a faster ipsilateral turning and
      all the behaviors described plus another motor component: an ipsilateral barrel
      rolling. A 6-OHDA lesion did not impair the barrel rolling induced by picrotoxin
      injection in the Pf nucleus. Animals injected with picrotoxin in the Pf and VMT
      showed a marked increase in the current needed to evoke an orienting response
      after stimulation of the contralateral flank. Unlike rats treated with 6-OHDA,
      this response to ipsilateral stimulation was also reduced.

PMID- 6421615
TI  - Calcium dobesilate (Doxium) as a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor in pregnant
      human myometrium in vitro.
AB  - This comparative study on the effect of calcium dobesilate and indomethacin on
      prostaglandin biosynthesis was performed on microsomal fractions of pregnant
      human myometrium. Both drugs inhibited prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin
      being more potent. Calcium dobesilate inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the
      synthesis of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and TXB2. Its inhibitory action
      is comparable to that of etamsylate.

PMID- 6421616
TI  - Another look at the costs and benefits of government expenditures for family
      planning programs.

PMID- 6421617
TI  - Organ-specific properties of cytochromes P-450s21 (steroid 21-hydroxylases) of
      liver and adrenocortical microsomes.
AB  - Organ specificities of cytochrome P-450s21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) were
      investigated. The substrate specificity of the liver cytochrome P-450s21 was
      found to be different from that of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450s21. The
      steroid 21-hydroxylase activity of liver microsomes decreased with treatment by
      sodium phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone and was inhibited by anti-cytochrome
      b5 immunoglobulin, although that of adrenocortical microsomes was not. The liver
      cytochrome P-450s21 was immunochemically similar to adrenocortical cytochrome P
      450s21. The bovine liver and adrenocortical cytochromes P-450s21 showed
      immunoprecipitin lines against antibody to bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P
      450s21. The molecular masses of the bovine liver and adrenocortical cytochromes P
      450s21 were 60 +/- 1 and 50 +/- 1 kDa, respectively. The content of cytochrome P
      450s21 and its percentage for the total microsomal cytochrome P-450 were
      immunochemically determined using the antibody to the bovine adrenocortical
      cytochrome P-450s21.

PMID- 6421619
TI  - 5'-Cleavage site of D. melanogaster 18 S rRNA.
AB  - We determined the nucleotide sequence of the DNA region around the 5'-terminus of
      18 S rRNA in two cloned rDNA gene units of Drosophila melanogaster. The 5'-base
      is within a sequence CATTATT which is present also at the 3'-terminus of the 18 S
      rRNA coding region. In this case it is known that the situation is CATTA3' . TT.
      With various methods we determined that the precise 5'-cleavage site is CATT .
      5'ATT.

PMID- 6421618
TI  - C-terminal amidation of neuropeptides. Gly-Lys-Arg extension an efficient
      precursor of C-terminal amide.
AB  - Biosynthesis of the C-terminal carboxamide group of peptide hormones was studied
      using comparatively pGlu-His-Pro-Gly and Glu-His-Pro-Gly-Lys-Arg as putative
      precursors of the tripeptide, thyroliberin (TRH). Rat hypothalamus granules were
      found to contain an amide group forming activity which converts both peptide
      substrates into TRH. Comparison of the rate of conversion of the two substrates
      indicated that the C-terminal dibasic extension favored a 10-fold increase in the
      production of amidated peptide. It is suggested that this type of structure may
      be present in the putative biosynthetic precursor of TRH and that it may provide
      a better substrate for the enzyme(s) involved in C-terminal amidation.

PMID- 6421620
TI  - Correlation of human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin
      stimulation and oocyte quality in an in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - One hundred forty-seven cycles in normal ovulatory patients are reported. All
      were stimulated with human menopausal/human chorionic gonadotropin. Three
      estrogen responses were identified: normal, high, and low. Patients who achieved
      pregnancy formed a fourth category, the pregnancy group. The number of
      preovulatory and immature oocytes, the preovulatory and immature oocytes that
      fertilized normally or abnormally, the ones that cleaved in culture, and the ones
      that were transferred were used as parameters to compare quality of the oocytes
      in each of the estrogen responders. No significant differences were found in any
      of them. Abnormal zonae pellucidae are described as possibly due to
      overmaturation of the follicle. No significant difference in the proportion of
      abnormal zonae in the different categories was found.

PMID- 6421622
TI  - Time relationships between basal body temperature and ovulation or plasma
      progestins.
AB  - The basal body temperature (BBT) curve and the estimated time of ovulation,
      defined by the onset of gonadotropin preovulatory discharge, were analyzed in 38
      spontaneous cycles. The BBT nadir was usually located at the beginning of the
      luteinizing hormone surge, and the first high point was 8 hours after ovulation,
      which was itself usually at the time when the temperature passed 37 degrees C.
      This temperature rise was related to the increases in plasma progesterone and 17
      hydroxyprogesterone with 24 to 36 hours' delay. The BBT was found to be an
      unreliable technique for precise ovulation timing but would be of use if the
      clinical precision required for the diagnosis of ovulation were less.

PMID- 6421621
TI  - Treatment of infertile women with a deficient postcoital test with two
      antiestrogens: clomiphene and tamoxifen.
AB  - Twenty-two infertile women with repeated deficient results in the postcoital test
      received clomiphene citrate or tamoxifen. The patterns of luteinizing hormone,
      follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone
      were examined during the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual
      cycle, as were the cervical mucus characteristics. Under clomiphene treatment, an
      overproduction of E2 was observed (P less than 0.01), which did not result in an
      improvement of the cervical mucus characteristics. The pH of the endocervical
      mucus was lower (P less than 0.01). Under tamoxifen treatment, the serum E2
      levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and normalized. Higher spermatozoa
      penetration meter scores were observed during the preovulatory and periovulatory
      periods, whereas the pH of the endocervical mucus was not lowered. These data
      support that tamoxifen may be preferential to clomiphene in treating this kind of
      infertile woman.

PMID- 6421623
TI  - In vitro sperm capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination for the
      treatment of refractory infertility: phase I.
AB  - Fourteen couples with long-standing infertility, associated with cervical mucus
      insufficiency, male subfertility, or unexplained infertility, participated in a
      therapeutic trial. The female partners, who were all ovulatory, were given human
      menopausal gonadotropin from day 2 of the menstrual cycle (controlled ovarian
      hyperstimulation). When plasma estradiol concentrations reached 1000 to 2000
      pg/ml, human chorionic gonadotropin was given. Approximately 32 hours and again
      70 hours thereafter, a masturbation specimen of the husband's sperm was
      capacitated in vitro and inseminated transcervically into the uterine cavity.
      Five women (35%) conceived following a single cycle of treatment. Four of the
      pregnancies are currently progressing normally; one ended in a spontaneous
      miscarriage in the early first trimester. The potential role of in vitro sperm
      capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination in the treatment of
      refractory infertility unrelated to female organic pelvic disease is discussed.

PMID- 6421624
TI  - Counteractive effects of agonistic and antagonistic gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone analogs on spermatogenesis: sites of action.
AB  - Both gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonistic and antagonistic analogs
      have been shown to inhibit reproductive hormonal function. While predictable and
      complete suppression of spermatogenesis is the ultimate goal of a number of
      clinical studies aimed at developing male contraceptive agents based on GnRH
      analogs, neither class of analog has been shown to completely inhibit
      spermatogenesis in man. The potential for a synergistic interaction of submaximal
      doses of these two classes of GnRH analogs was investigated in the present
      studies. In these studies 200 ng/day of a potent agonist (D-Leu6des-Gly10GnRH
      ethylamide) and 100 micrograms/day of a potent antagonist (NAc-L-Ala1, pCl-D
      Phe2, D-Trp3,6GnRH) were administered subcutaneously, both alone and in
      combination, to adult male rats for 21 days. Serum gonadotropins and
      testosterone, pituitary GnRH receptor content, gonadal gonadotropin receptors,
      and intratesticular sperm counts were quantitated in each treatment group.
      Despite the ability of both GnRH agonists and antagonists to inhibit reproductive
      function when administered as single agents in this study, combined treatment
      with the two classes of GnRH analogs was less effective than either agent alone
      at these doses in the pharmacologic suppression of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6421625
TI  - Impaired gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in
      endurance-trained women.
AB  - The effects of endurance running on body composition, menstrual cycles, and
      gonadotropins were studied in 19 healthy, young, regularly menstruating women.
      Midfollicular plasma concentrations of unstimulated and gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
      were examined at baseline and after each subject's weekly mileage had increased
      30 miles (delta 30) and 50 miles (delta 50) above baseline. Mean +/- standard
      error of the mean unstimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating
      hormone did not change significantly. GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone was
      76.3 +/- 22.0 micrograms/min/ml at baseline and declined to 20.2 +/- 4.5
      micrograms/min/ml at delta 50 (P less than 0.02). GnRH-stimulated follicle
      stimulating hormone was 28.4 +/- 7.0 micrograms/min/ml at baseline and declined
      to 9.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/min/ml at delta 50 (P less than 0.02). There were no
      significant correlations between changes in body composition and changes in
      gonadotropin responses. Eighteen subjects developed oligomenorrhea.

PMID- 6421626
TI  - Factors affecting sperm motility. IX. survival of spermatozoa in various
      biological media and under different gaseous compositions.
AB  - The role of various environmental conditions on sperm motility and their survival
      was investigated by incubating washed human spermatozoa in various biologic or
      artificial media and under different atmospheric compositions. When sperm were
      analyzed by the multiple exposure photography technique for objective motility
      determination, it was found that none of the investigated biologic media induced
      any immediate stimulatory effect on the tested spermatozoa. Exchange of seminal
      fluid between normal and oligoasthenospermic specimens did not reveal any
      beneficial or harmful effect on sperm motility. Sperm did not survive for more
      than 24 hours when kept in their original seminal fluid under any circumstances.
      The most favorable media tested for prolonged sperm survival were pure human
      umbilical cord serum or Ham's solution containing 0.5% human albumin. However,
      even in these media sperm did not survive much beyond 24 hours unless incubated
      in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 or a triple mixture of 90% N2, 5% O2, and 5%
      CO2. Only under these circumstances could sperm stay alive, in some cases up to 5
      days.

PMID- 6421627
TI  - Human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation in monkeys: blockade of the luteinizing
      hormone surge by a highly transient ovarian factor.
AB  - Women and monkeys treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) often fail to
      demonstrate timely luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
      surges despite serum estradiol (E2) levels sufficient to elicit positive feedback
      of LH and FSH secretion. Here we explored the mechanism of this blockade of
      estrogen-mediated positive feedback by hMG and the duration of this effect in
      acutely ovariectomized monkeys. Cycling cynomolgus monkeys (n = 14) were
      administered hMG (22.5 IU, intramuscularly) daily beginning on cycle day 3. Three
      monkeys received an E2-benzoate challenge on day 10, resulting in peak E2 levels
      of 892 +/- 313 pg/ml, without subsequent LH or FSH surges. Four monkeys underwent
      bilateral ovariectomy on day 12, followed within 60 to 90 minutes by gonadotropin
      releasing hormone (GnRH) administration (15 micrograms, intravenously). Five
      intact monkeys underwent a similar GnRH challenge. LH response to GnRH in the
      intact monkeys was significantly suppressed in comparison with the ovariectomized
      group. None of the animals manifested an FSH response to GnRH administration. Two
      additional monkeys did have a spontaneous LH surge during hMG administration. We
      conclude that hMG stimulates the production of an ovarian factor(s) which blocks
      the pituitary LH response to GnRH. This blockade of GnRH action on the pituitary
      may be the mechanism by which hMG stimulation prevents estrogen-mediated positive
      feedback of LH secretion. The putative ovarian factor(s) has a relatively short
      circulatory half-life and/or binding time, resulting in loss of its blocking
      activity within 90 minutes after bilateral ovariectomy. Evidence is presented to
      suggest that this factor(s), designated gonadotropin surge-inhibiting factor,
      belongs to an amorphous group of nonsteroidal ovarian hormones that remain to be
      further characterized.

PMID- 6421628
TI  - Tamoxifen in the treatment of infertile patients associated with inadequate
      luteal phase.

PMID- 6421629
TI  - [Effect of thyroidin and mercazolyl on the enzyme-secreting function of the
      pentagastrin-stimulated stomach in the dog].
AB  - The pentagastrin effect on the stomach enzyme secretory function was found to
      depend on thyroid hormones: in conditions of inhibited thyroid function the
      activating effect of pentagastrin was reduced whereas administration of thyroidin
      enhanced it. Together with changes of the amount of secreted proteolytic enzymes
      in the gastric juice, a change in the ratio of proteases active in pH 2.0 and
      3.0, was revealed.

PMID- 6421630
TI  - [Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the secretory function of the
      pancreas].

PMID- 6421631
TI  - [Sex and age differences in the spontaneous release of gonadotropins from
      immature rat pituitary glands in vitro].
AB  - The present study was carried out to characterize the spontaneous release of LH
      and FSH from the pituitary gland of infant rats in an in vitro system. In
      addition, the responsiveness of their pituitary glands to synthetic LHRH in vitro
      was examined. Wistar-Imamichi male and female rats, aged between 1 and 21 days
      and androgenized female rats at 7 and 21 days of age were used. One-day-old
      female rats were androgenized by a subcutaneous injection of 1 mg of testosterone
      propionate. Animals were killed by decapitation, trunk blood was collected, and
      the pituitary gland was dissected free and weighed. Pituitaries were placed in 9
      ml-test tube with 2 ml Krebs-Henseleit solution and incubation was carried out in
      a shaking incubator for 6 hours at 37 degrees C under the gassing of 5% CO2 and
      95% O2. After preincubation for 15 min, medium was replaced with 2 ml fresh
      medium and LH and FSH concentrations released during the first 3 hr-incubation
      period were assessed as for the spontaneous release and the second 3 hr
      incubation period assessed for the response to LHRH (10(-6)M) stimulation. In an
      experiment, time course changes of the spontaneous release of LH and FSH were
      studied using 7-day-old rat pituitaries. An aliquot of 0.5 ml of medium was taken
      at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min during the incubation. Gonadotropin contents in the
      pituitaries were determined by adding the residue in the pituitary gland and the
      amounts released into medium. Spontaneous release of LH and FSH increased with
      age in both male and female rats, and the released amounts of LH as well as FSH
      in female rats tended to be higher than those in males at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days of
      age examined. But significant sex differences in the spontaneous release of LH
      and FSH were only seen at 21-day-old; Spontaneous release of LH in female rats
      was 7 times higher than that in age-matched males. Serum LH and FSH
      concentrations in female rats were significantly higher than those in males at
      all ages examined, except the LH level at 1-day-old. In contrast to LH, age and
      sex differences in the magnitude of the spontaneous release of FSH from the
      pituitary paralleled with the age and sex differences in serum FSH
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421632
TI  - [Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and systemic mastocytosis].
AB  - We describe a 62-year-old woman who presented with a recurrent neurofibroma, two
      'cafe-au-lait' spots and a possible cerebral tumor. This Von Recklinghausen
      neurofibromatosis was associated with an asymptomatic systemic mastocytosis with
      bone marrow involvement. We discuss Riccardi's recent theory on the pathogenesis
      of neurofibroma which postulates that the mast cells have a primordial role in
      the development of neurofibroma. Our observation could be additional evidence in
      favor of this theory.

PMID- 6421633
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of recent isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to
      cephalosporins of different generations and penicillin G: a comparative
      evaluation.
AB  - 98 recent clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (96 nonpenicillinase
      producing N. gonorrhoeae (NPPNG) and 2 penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae
      (PPNG) strains) were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility using the agar
      dilution test. The antibiotics examined all belonged to the beta-lactam group:
      penicillin G represented the penicillins, cephalothin, cefazolin, cefotiam,
      cefmenoxime and ceftizoxime represented the different groups of cephalosporins.
      In the in vitro tests cephalothin and cefazolin proved less active than
      penicillin G, cefotiam a bit more and both cefmenoxime and ceftizoxime much more
      active. These last three antibiotics should become promising alternatives to
      penicillin in the therapy of gonorrhea caused either by NPPNG or PPNG strains.

PMID- 6421634
TI  - Adipose tissue glycogen synthesis.

PMID- 6421635
TI  - New aspects of the inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase by alpha-tocopherol.
      Evidence for the existence of a specific complex.
AB  - The formation of alpha-tocopherol--lipoxygenase complex was elucidated using
      immobilized affinity purified soybean lipoxygenase and [D-3H]alpha-tocopherol.
      The alpha-tocopherol--lipoxygenase complex did not dissociate on addition of
      linoleic acid. Iodoacetate modified immobilized lipoxygenase did not form the
      complex with alpha-tocopherol. Lipoxygenase attached to an aminoethyl linoleyl
      Sepharose column was eluted by alpha-tocopherol. DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate at a
      concentration of 3 X 10(-3) M inhibited 80% of linoleate oxidation by soybean
      lipoxygenase. The lipoxygenase--alpha-tocopherol complex did not give the usual
      soybean lipoxygenase antigenic pattern in immunodiffusion. Digestion of the
      [3H]alpha-tocopherol--lipoxygenase complex with proteolytic enzymes showed that
      most of the radioactivity is incorporated into one peptide.

PMID- 6421636
TI  - Biochemical characterization of three hamster melanoma variants--I. Tyrosinase
      activity and melanin content.
AB  - Tyrosinase activity in the soluble fraction of the cells and melanin content in
      the whole cells of the black-melanotic (Ma), brown-melanotic (MI) and amelanotic
      (Ab) hamster melanomas were studied. The activity of the soluble tyrosinase was
      highest in MI lower in Ma, and very low in Ab melanoma. Melanin content was
      greatest in the Ma, lower in MI, and none in Ab melanoma. Acrylamide gel
      electrophoretic pattern of the soluble tyrosinase consisted of 2 bands in Ma and
      MI melanomas, and of 1 band in Ab melanoma.

PMID- 6421637
TI  - Inborn errors of pyruvate metabolism.

PMID- 6421638
TI  - Peptide transport in bacteria: methods, mutants and energy coupling.

PMID- 6421639
TI  - Defects in embryogenesis in mutants associated with the antennapedia gene complex
      of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Embryogenesis in individuals with mutations or deficiencies of the genes in the
      polytene interval 84A-84B1,2 of Drosophila melanogaster was examined using
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developmental function of this region of
      chromosome 3 is of particular interest since it contains the Antennapedia Gene
      Complex (ANT-C), a gene cluster that includes the homoeotic proboscipedia (pb),
      Sex combs reduced (Scr), and Antennapedia (Antp) loci. The results of SEM
      studies, clonal analyses, and temperature-shift experiments show that the fushi
      tarazu (ftz) and zerknullt (zen) genes, which map between pb and Scr, are
      involved in processes initiated during embryogenesis. The activity of ftz+
      appears to be required within the first 4 hr of development for the establishment
      of the proper number of segments in the embryonic germ band. Individuals with ftz
      mutations or deficiencies produce only half the normal number of segments. Each
      of the segments is twice the normal width and is apparently comprised of cells
      that would normally form two separate metameres. The zen allele is required from
      about 2-4 hr of embryogenesis. Mutations of this gene result in disturbances of
      morphogenetic movements during gastrulation. The mutant phenotype is
      characterized by the absence of the optic lobe, defects in involution of the head
      segments, and in some cases, failure of germ band elongation. A requirement
      during embryogenesis for the activities of other genes residing in the 84A-84B1,2
      polytene interval is suggested by the phenotypes of individuals heterozygous or
      homozygous for chromosomal deficiencies. Using the deficiencies Df(3R)AntpNs+R17,
      Df(3R)Scr, and Df(3R)ScxW+RX2, we examined the effects of deleting the distal
      portions or all of the 84A-84B1,2 interval. The defects in deletion heterozygotes
      suggest that the wild-type activity of some gene(s) other than zen, within or
      just adjacent to the 84B1,2 doublet, is required to complete normal head
      involution. The deletion of all the loci in the 84A5-84B1,2 interval results in
      grossly abnormal morphology and morphogenesis of the gnathocephalic appendages of
      the embryo. From these studies we conclude that mutations and deficiencies of
      genes associated with the ANT-C have profound effects on embryogenesis. The
      mutant phenotypes suggest, in addition to ensuring proper segment identity, the
      wild-type alleles of the 84A-84B1,2 genes are necessary for normal segmentation
      and elongation of the germ band and normal head involution.

PMID- 6421640
TI  - The onset of activation responsiveness during maturation coincides with the
      formation of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Immature, Stage VI oocytes of Xenopus laevis fail to activate (i.e., to propagate
      a cortical reaction and elevate a fertilization envelope) when pricked or exposed
      to A23187. We determined the times during maturation when immature oocytes
      treated with progesterone in vitro developed the capacity to respond to pricking
      and to ionophore. Responsiveness to ionophore first appears at about 3.5-4.5 hr
      after progesterone treatment; all oocytes are activated by 8-9 hr after
      progesterone. The capacity to respond to pricking appears about 1.0-1.5 hr after
      first signs of ionophore responsiveness. We examined the cortical endoplasmic
      reticulum (CER) by TEM to determine whether the morphology of this component
      could be correlated with the development of responsiveness during maturation.
      Fully mature oocytes exhibit an extensive CER that (1) forms a "shell" around
      most cortical granules, (2) appears to interconnect cortical granules, and (3)
      forms junctions with the plasma membrane. The CER-plasma membrane junctions are
      especially obvious in preparations of isolated cortex. The elaborate CER is not
      present in immature oocytes. It first appears during maturation of progesterone
      treated oocytes at 4.5-5.0 hr, coincident with the time when maturing oocytes
      develop their responsiveness to ionophore and to pricking. This temporal
      correlation is consistent with the hypothesis that the CER is one of the
      components required for regulation of intracellular free calcium in oocytes.

PMID- 6421641
TI  - Effect of EDTA on insulin binding and insulin action in isolated cardiocytes from
      adult rat. Evidence for a functional role of low-affinity insulin receptors.
AB  - Calcium-tolerant myocytes from the adult rat heart were used to study the effects
      of EDTA on insulin binding and insulin action. Treatment of cardiocytes with EDTA
      resulted in a 60% inhibition of insulin binding. This effect was partially
      reversible by subsequent addition of calcium or magnesium. Scatchard analysis of
      equilibrium binding data in the presence of calcium and magnesium showed a
      curvilinear plot with a high-affinity segment having a Kd of 5.7 X 10(-10) mol/L.
      In the presence of EDTA a linear Scatchard plot was observed with a Kd of 5.6 X
      10(-9) mol/L. The total number of insulin receptors remained unaltered under
      these conditions. In contrast to insulin binding, insulin internalization was not
      affected by EDTA treatment. Insulin action was studied by measuring the effect of
      the hormone on the transport of 3-O-methylglucose. Half-maximal action occurred
      at an insulin concentration of 3 X 10(-10) mol/L and 10(-8) mol/L in control and
      EDTA-treated cells, respectively. Maximal transport stimulation, however, was not
      significantly different in both groups (130% and 106%, respectively). In
      conclusion, low-affinity insulin receptors in cardiac myocytes mediate a biologic
      response comparable to that of high-affinity sites; moreover, they may be
      involved in the process of internalization in this tissue. The data suggest a
      functional role of low-affinity insulin receptors in cardiac muscle.

PMID- 6421642
TI  - Modulation by a sulfonylurea of insulin-dependent glycogenesis, but not of
      insulin binding, in cultured rat hepatocytes. Evidence for a postreceptor
      mechanism of action.
AB  - To detect potential direct effects of the sulfonylurea glyburide on hepatic
      carbohydrate metabolism, we tested whether the drug was capable of modulating
      insulin binding and glycogenesis in primary cultured hepatocytes. After 24-h
      culture under serum- and hormone-free conditions, cells were incubated with or
      without 10(-8) M insulin and/or glyburide (0.1-5.0 micrograms/ml) for another 24
      h. Then, specific 125I-insulin binding and basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen
      synthesis were determined. Acute addition of glyburide to previously untreated
      cells did not modulate any of these parameters. Incubation for 24 h with 2
      micrograms/ml of glyburide did not affect the DNA and protein content of the
      dishes. Cellular glycogen content and basal glycogenesis also remained unchanged
      by glyburide in hepatocytes incubated in the absence of insulin, but glycogen
      content was increased and basal glycogen synthesis decreased in insulin
      pretreated cells. In contrast, glyburide increased insulin-stimulated
      glycogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion in both insulin-pretreated and control
      cells by enhancing responsiveness, but not sensitivity, toward insulin.
      Pretreating hepatocytes with 10(-8) M insulin caused a 40% reduction in specific
      insulin binding. Glyburide did not modulate insulin binding or degradation in
      control cells nor was insulin-induced regulation of insulin receptors affected.
      These results demonstrate a direct dose-dependent effect of a sulfonylurea on an
      insulin action toward hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, and suggest that this
      effect is mediated by a postreceptor mechanism.

PMID- 6421643
TI  - The development of psychiatric disorder among schoolchildren with epilepsy.
AB  - Two groups of epileptic children, one newly diagnosed and one with chronic
      epilepsy, were compared with two comparable groups of diabetic children and with
      children in the general population in order to investigate the development of
      psychiatric disorder. The results confirm previous findings that children with
      chronic epilepsy are significantly more disturbed than children with chronic
      physical illness not involving the central nervous system, and than children in
      the general population. Children with newly diagnosed epilepsy were also
      significantly more disturbed than those with newly diagnosed diabetes, and than
      children in the general population. The rate of psychiatric disturbance was
      similar in the two groups of epileptic children. In both groups of epileptic
      children, those with focal EEG abnormalities and/or complex partial seizures were
      particularly vulnerable to psychiatric disturbance.

PMID- 6421644
TI  - [Use of a basic study profile for diagnostic certainty in hemophilia A].

PMID- 6421646
TI  - [Massive sarcomatous infiltration of the liver disclosed by jaundice and
      hepatocellular failure in Waldenstrom's disease].
AB  - We report herein the case of a patient with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia in whom
      an immunoblastic sarcoma produced acute jaundice and hepatic failure. Transvenous
      liver biopsy, performed because of coagulation deficiencies, revealed massive
      infiltration of the liver by the sarcoma. Immunofluorescence study showed
      numerous portal and sinusoidal cells stained exclusively by anti-micron anti
      kappa antisera. As shown by others in the literature, this study supports
      evidence for the same clonal origin of the two proliferations. Chromosomal
      abnormalities were found in marrow and blood cells (trisomy 5 and 20, 6 q-, 7 q+,
      and 8 p-); their role in emergence of sarcoma is discussed. This case shows that
      immunoblastic sarcoma emerging during the course of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
      may be revealed by severe hepatic manifestations.

PMID- 6421645
TI  - Increased sensitivity of cultured fibroblasts from colon cancer-prone rats to
      cytotoxicity of carcinogens and to viral transformation: a comparison with
      fibroblasts from patients with adenomatosis coli.
AB  - Lethal effects of mitomycin C (MMC), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and
      ultraviolet light (UV) on fibroblast cell lines derived from a colon cancer-prone
      substrain of Wistar-Furth rats (WF/OSAKA rats) were measured in terms of the
      cellular colony-forming ability, and compared with the sensitivity to these
      agents of human fibroblasts from patients with adenomatosis coli and rectum
      (ACR). All 6 fibroblast strains from the cancer-prone WF/OSAKA rats were
      significantly more sensitive (though to various extents) to MMC as well as 4NQO
      than normal rat fibroblasts derived from the parental WF Hiroshima rats. These
      WF/OSAKA cell strains were slightly more sensitive to UV than normal rat cell
      strains. Similarly, 5 out of 6 fibroblast strains derived from ACR patients were
      hypersensitive to both MMC and 4NQO. Further, the WF/OSAKA cell strains were more
      susceptible to morphological transformation induced by Kirsten murine sarcoma
      virus than normal rat strains. The observed higher sensitivity to chemical agents
      and to viral transformation suggests a close similarity in cellular terms between
      the colon cancer-prone WF/OSAKA rats and human individuals affected with ACR.

PMID- 6421647
TI  - [Nutritive assistance and functions of the digestive tract].

PMID- 6421648
TI  - Lack of correlation between mucus gel thickness and gastric cytoprotection in
      rats.
AB  - The effect of various cytoprotective agents on the thickness of gastric mucus gel
      layer in rats was studied. It was hypothesized that an increase in the mucus gel
      layer might be involved in cytoprotection. The results show that this is not the
      case. Neither prostaglandin E2, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, nor mild
      irritants (20% ethanol, 0.35 M HCl, 20% glucose, 20% mannitol), all given orally,
      altered the thickness of the mucus gel layer, although these agents were found to
      be cytoprotective, i.e., inhibiting the formation of gastric mucosal necrotic
      lesions caused by oral administration of absolute ethanol. The only agents that
      significantly increased the thickness of the mucus gel layer were a hypertonic
      solution (4% NaCl) and sodium salicylate. We conclude that if mucus plays a role
      in cytoprotection, it is not by virtue of an increase in thickness of the gel
      layer adherent to the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6421650
TI  - Calcium EDTA toxicity: renal excretion of endogenous trace metals and the effect
      of repletion on collagen degradation in the rat.
AB  - Studies on total hydroxyproline concentrations in urine of rats infused with
      toxic doses of CaEDTA at 6 mmol/kg per 24 hr for 48 hr or injected i.p. with the
      chelate at 4.8 mmol/kg/day for 10 days, indicate a two- to six-fold increase in
      urine excretion of the imino acid. This is due to increased degradation of
      collagen induced by CaEDTA. CaEDTA infusion was also shown to enhance urine
      excretion of some trace metals (Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe). Rats infused with CaEDTA for
      36 hr showed a gradual fall in concentration of hydroxyproline in the urine,
      following cessation of chelate infusion. The decline in hydroxyproline
      concentrations was faster in rats receiving trace metal (Zn, Co, Mn or Ni)
      treatment during the post-CaEDTA infusion period; suggesting that the metals may
      affect collage, making the protein less susceptible to degradation in the body.

PMID- 6421649
TI  - Effects of nialamide on responses of dog isolated arteries to tyramine and
      transmural electrical stimulation.
AB  - In dog mesenteric arteries, nialamide (10(-5) M), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor,
      potentiated contractile response to tyramine but not to noradrenaline or
      transmural electrical stimulation (TES). Bretylium, desipramine or prior
      reserpinization inhibited the potentiating action of nialamide on the tyramine
      induced contraction. Contractions induced by octopamine were not reduced by prior
      reserpinization. In the coronary artery, relaxing responses to tyramine were
      potentiated but those to noradrenaline and TES were not potentiated by nialamide.
      In the cerebral artery, nialamide failed to potentiate tyramine-induced
      contraction. The functional role of intraneuronal monoamine oxidase in
      sympathomimetic effects is discussed.

PMID- 6421651
TI  - Time course of the spasmolytic effect of cadmium and cadmium uptake in guinea-pig
      taenia coli.
AB  - The relationship between tension inhibitory action of cadmium and cadmium uptake
      was investigated in the smooth muscle of taenia coli. Following a treatment with
      0.5 mM Cd2+ for short periods (1, 5 min), the tension to high-K+ returned to a
      greater extent after washing with disodium edetate (EDTA) or cysteine, compared
      to normal medium. However, the restored tension to the high-K+ decreased with
      increasing duration of Cd2+ treatment. With a longer duration of 0.5 mM Cd2+
      treatment, the cadmium uptake increased and the size of cadmium fraction bound to
      cells firmly increased. It is suggested that Cd2+ binds initially to the surface
      membrane of taenia coli and that Cd2+ subsequently migrates to a compartment that
      EDTA cannot reach.

PMID- 6421652
TI  - Studies on corticoid action on the toad tadpole tail in vitro.
AB  - The effect of adrenal corticoids on the shrinkage of tail segments from Bufo bufo
      japonicus tadpoles was studied in vitro. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) was
      effective in accelerating the shrinkage of tail segments if thyroxine (T4) or
      triiodothyronine (T3) was present in the medium. The shrinkage caused by DCA was
      dose dependent. In the absence of thyroid hormone, DCA did not induce tail
      resorption. Shrinkage of tail segments induced by DCA and T4 was blocked by
      prolactin. Among the steroid hormones testes in vitro, aldosterone and
      corticosterone exhibited a potent activity in accelerating shrinkage of tail
      segments in the presence of T4. The nature of the corticoid action is discussed.

PMID- 6421653
TI  - Plasma thyroxine levels in freshwater perch: influence of season, gonadotropins,
      and gonadal hormones.
AB  - Plasma thyroxine (T4) of a freshwater female perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch) has
      been measured by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Monitoring of plasma T4
      throughout the year showed that July to early September (spawning stage) had the
      highest T4 and late September to January (postspawning stage) had the lowest T4.
      The plasma T4 cycle was coincident with the ovarian cycle. Treatment of intact
      perch with salmon gonadotropin (SG-G100) or ovine LH (500 ng/100 g body wt)
      markedly enhanced plasma T4 levels. Ovine FSH was without any effect. Ovarian
      steroids, estrone and 17 beta-estradiol (100 ng/100 g body wt), also
      significantly augmented T4 level whereas estriol or progesterone had no such
      effect. There was a striking fall of plasma T4 in ovariectomized fish. The drop
      of T4 due to ovariectomy could not be reversed by SG-G100 but administration of
      estrone or 17 beta-estradiol to ovariectomized fish effectively reversed the drop
      of plasma T4 level. These findings suggest that gonadotropin's stimulatory effect
      on perch thyroid is mediated via the release of ovarian steroids.

PMID- 6421654
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of immunoreactive calcitonin in the two cell types
      of the ultimobranchial gland of the common toad (Bufo bufo L.).
AB  - The ultimobranchial (UB) glands of the common toad Bufo bufo consist of several
      cellular masses containing two quite different cell types which line a central
      lumen filled with amorphous material. The morphologically defined Type I cell is
      akin to a typical calcitonin secretory cell as observed for all vertebrates, with
      small dense-core secretory granules. On the contrary the Type II cell displays
      large apical dense bodies which may be related to the secretion and/or absorption
      of the amorphous material. Cells morphologically related to Type II cells have
      been described in the UB glands of Sauropsidea and in the UB follicles of
      mammalian thyroid gland. An immunocytochemical stain using an antiserum raised
      against synthetic salmon calcitonin demonstrated the specific localization of an
      immunoreactive product in both Type I and Type II cell granules, suggesting that
      both cell types could be involved in calcitonin metabolism. Moreover, the
      presence of immunoreactive calcitonin in the Type II cells of the Bufo UB gland
      raises the question of the function of the morphologically equivalent cells of
      other species.

PMID- 6421655
TI  - [Population structure of the forest Nentsi. IV. Immunoglobulin allotypes and the
      concentration and origin of Gm haplotypes with a null expression of the C gammal
      gene].
AB  - Serum blood samples from 796 of the total 1600 Forest Nentsi, the members of the
      isolate in the north-western part of Siberia were tested for the G1m (z, a, x,
      f), G2m (n), G3m (g, b0, b1, b3, b5, s, t) and Km (1) antigens. Significant
      heterogeneity in local Gm haplotype and Km1 allele frequencies has been found.
      The frequencies of "deleted" Gm (-; n; b) and Gm (-;..; g) haplotypes were found
      to be equal 0,020 and 0,004, respectively. When segregation disturbances for the
      Gm locus were inspected in 102 families, no apparent deviations from Mendelian
      expectations occurred. Blent, Oriental-Caucasian origin of Forest Nentsi has been
      confirmed by the presence of "Northern Oriental" Gm (za; b035st) and "Caucasian"
      Gm (f; b0135) markers showing the frequency of 0.199 and 136, respectively.

PMID- 6421656
TI  - [Transducing activity of the temperate SM bacteriophage of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa].
AB  - The temperate bacteriophage SM is not serologically related to the known
      transducing phages F116, G101, B3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains with
      auxotrophic mutations within the wide ranges of the genetic map of P. aeruginosa
      strain PAO1 were used for studying the transducing activity of the SM phage. All
      of the 7 bacterial markers tested are transduced with SM phage grown on a
      prototrophic donor strain. The frequency of transduction of separate bacterial
      markers using the wild type SM phage is 2.3 to 4.6 X 10(-8). Linked ilv202+ -
      met28+ markers are cotransduced with SM phage at a frequency of about 1.5%.

PMID- 6421657
TI  - Lowering blood pressure in the aged: a 40-month experience.
AB  - In the author's experience once a day treatment of the hypertensive aged is
      feasible. A group of 71 cases with an average BP of 170/95 mm Hg or greater and
      an average age of 72 years were treated with DH ergocristine-clopamide-reserpine
      compound or methyldopa. The asymptomatic nature of hypertension and a realization
      of long-term medication accounted for the withdrawal of 18 cases (25.3%) in the
      first year. At the end of a 40-month period, 47 cases were still under treatment.
      The BP had been reduced to normal in 27 cases (57.4%) and significantly lowered
      in 8 cases (17%). With the exception of 1 case, all tolerated the therapy well
      and experienced no side effects.

PMID- 6421658
TI  - Histochemical and polarization optical investigation for glycosaminoglycans in
      exfoliation syndrome.
AB  - The iris of patients with exfoliation syndrome and senile cataracts were studied
      with a polarization microscope as well as histochemically. Amorphous substance
      stained by pH 1.0 alcian blue was observed in exfoliation syndrome on the
      posterior surface of the iris. This layer was thicker in exfoliation syndrome
      than in senile cataracts. The major component of this layer was verified as
      chondroitin sulphate and the minor one as hyaluronic acid. Polarization
      microscopic study demonstrated the presence of more sulphated glycosaminoglycans
      in exfoliation syndrome than in senile cataracts. Abnormal metabolism of
      glycosaminoglycans is indicated in the iris of exfoliation syndrome.

PMID- 6421659
TI  - Volunteer advocates in long-term care: local implementation of a federal mandate.

PMID- 6421660
TI  - Hospice: morality and economics.

PMID- 6421661
TI  - [Current use of gonadotropins in andrology].

PMID- 6421662
TI  - [Current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility].

PMID- 6421663
TI  - Effect of protein level and supplemental lysine on growth and urea cycle enzyme
      activity in the pig.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with young, growing pigs to evaluate the effects
      of protein levels and supplemental lysine on growth, body characteristics and
      urea cycle enzyme activities. In the first experiment, 8-week-old pigs weighing
      17 kg were fed two levels of protein (12 or 20%) until they reached slaughter
      weight of approximately 95 kg. In the second experiment, three levels of protein
      (12, 18 or 24%) and one level of additional lysine (9 g/kg of diet added to the
      12% protein diet) were fed for the same interval. After slaughter, urea cycle
      enzyme activities (argininosuccinate synthetase, EC 6.3.4.5; argininosuccinate
      lyase, EC 4.3.2.1; and arginase, EC 3.5.3.1) were determined in liver
      homogenates. Early growth of pigs was improved by increasing the protein level
      (12%) but not by adding the limiting amino acid lysine to the 12% diet. The cross
      sectional area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle at slaughter was increased by
      protein level (12%) or by adding lysine to the 12% protein diet. In contrast,
      subcutaneous fat was decreased only by increasing the dietary protein level. The
      activities of arginase, argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase
      were increased in a linear fashion by increasing the dietary protein level. In
      contrast, adding lysine to the 12% protein diet did not increase urea cycle
      enzyme activities.

PMID- 6421664
TI  - Visual evoked potential: a diagnostic tool for the assessment of hepatic
      encephalopathy.
AB  - Visual evoked potential recordings were examined in 45 liver cirrhosis patients
      with (n = 29) and without (n = 16) encephalopathy, in 15 normal volunteers, and
      in one patient with an opioid induced stupor state. Visual evoked potential
      parameters were classified on the basis of EEG recordings. Plasma concentrations
      of amino acids, octopamine, and ammonia were assayed in order to document the
      metabolic change of hepatic encephalopathy. Latencies and wave patterns recorded
      after flash stimulation differentiated the four degrees of the coma one from
      another according to EEG classification in the 29 patients with encephalopathy.
      In the group of 16 patients without clinical and EEG evidence of encephalopathy
      the visual potential recordings discriminated a group of patients (n = 10) in a
      preclinical stage of encephalopathy. Biochemical parameters and subsequent
      clinical observation of patients confirmed our judgement of a preclinical stage
      of encephalopathy. These results suggest that visual evoked potentials are a
      simple, suitable and objective method for differentiating the degrees of
      encephalopathy and for identifying the preclinical stage of encephalopathy.

PMID- 6421665
TI  - Infection control in long-term care.

PMID- 6421666
TI  - Granulopoiesis in vitro and cytogenetic studies in patients with myelodysplastic
      syndromes, aplastic anemia and polycythemia vera.

PMID- 6421668
TI  - Cytochemical study of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia cells.

PMID- 6421667
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7 in adulthood: a distinct preleukaemic
      disorder.

PMID- 6421669
TI  - Ten year follow-up in a case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. A
      morphological and cytochemical study in light-microscopy and in transmission
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 6421670
TI  - Inflammation in hairy cell leukaemia.

PMID- 6421671
TI  - Antithrombin III Roma: a familial quantitative-qualitative AT-III deficiency
      identifiable by crossed immunoelectrofocusing and by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 6421672
TI  - Oral and intestinal mycoflora of patients with myelo- and lymphoproliferative
      diseases.

PMID- 6421673
TI  - Cerebral myeloid tumor and hypercalcemic crisis in a case of chronic myeloid
      leukemia.

PMID- 6421674
TI  - Long survival in two cases of acute myelogenous leukemia complicated by chronic
      active hepatitis.

PMID- 6421675
TI  - Hairy T-cell leukemia: a case report.

PMID- 6421676
TI  - Secondary leukemia in a child with brain stem tumor.

PMID- 6421677
TI  - [Unusual beginning of a case of chronic myeloid leukemia].

PMID- 6421678
TI  - Prostatic lymphoma.

PMID- 6421679
TI  - [Trisomy 7 in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia].

PMID- 6421680
TI  - Routine bone marrow aspirations during maintenance therapy in children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) do not modify survival.

PMID- 6421681
TI  - Characterization of the effect of plasma lipoproteins on platelet function in
      vitro.
AB  - Thrombin-induced platelet activation is enhanced by very low and low density
      lipoproteins but decreased by high density lipoprotein. Plasma lipoproteins
      maximally affect platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release in a gel-filtered
      platelet preparation within 10 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. This effect is
      saturable and physiologic concentrations of lipoproteins are required in order to
      attain this saturation. When no aggregating agent is added to the incubation
      medium, the lipoproteins alone did not alter platelet aggregation. However, 14C
      serotonin release is increased by very-low- and low-density lipoproteins alone
      more than by high density lipoprotein. On removal of the lipoproteins after
      incubation with the platelets, and subsequent testing of platelet function,
      minimal influence of these lipoproteins on the platelet function remains.
      Arachidonic acid causes similar results to thrombin when added to the platelet
      suspension after incubation with the lipoprotein. Our results further emphasize
      the 'opposing effects' of very low and low density lipoproteins as compared to
      high density lipoproteins on platelets and/or platelet-thrombin interaction.

PMID- 6421682
TI  - Mutagenicity of extracts from Ceylon cinnamon in the rec assay.
AB  - The extraction of about 1.9 kg of Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees)
      with 10 litres each of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol in a Soxhlet
      apparatus produced extracts weighing 76, 28 and 270 g respectively for the three
      solvents. In the preliminary test the ethanol extract showed no mutagenic
      activity. However, both the petroleum ether and the chloroform extracts showed
      mutagenicity when tested in the rec assay using Bacillus subtilis strains H17
      (rec+) and M45 (rec-). When these extracts were studied quantitatively by the
      liquid and spore rec-assay methods, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the
      extracts against strain H17 were higher than those against strain M45. However,
      in the presence of the liver S-9 mix, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of
      the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts against both strains of B. subtilis
      were equal, indicating that the mutagenicity of the extracts had been
      inactivated.

PMID- 6421683
TI  - Dietary lactose and the metabolic activity of the caecal microfloras of weanling
      and adult rats.
AB  - Weanling or adult (9 wk old) rats were fed diets containing 0, 250 or 500 g
      lactose/kg for 10 days, after which the activities of six caecal microbial
      enzymes (azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, nitrate reductase,
      nitroreductase and urease) were determined. Adult controls had larger caeca than
      weanlings, but the numbers of bacteria were not significantly different.
      Expressed in relation to body weight, caecal microbial enzyme activities were
      significantly lower in adult controls, with the exceptions of beta-glucuronidase
      and urease. Lactose caused caecal enlargement; this was greatest in weanling
      animals, which also showed a decreased concentration of bacteria. Lactose
      increased total nitrate reductase and urease activities in both age groups, but
      decreased total azoreductase and nitroreductase activities in weanlings. Enzyme
      activities per 10(9) bacteria were decreased for azoreductase, beta-glucosidase,
      beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase in both age groups, while urease activity
      increased. Azoreductase and nitroreductase activities were highly correlated but
      nitrate reductase and urease did not correlate significantly with any other
      enzyme activity.

PMID- 6421684
TI  - Genotoxicity studies on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and adipate and toxicity
      studies on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the rat and marmoset.
AB  - These studies have provided evidence that DEHP and DEHA do not bind covalently to
      DNA and do not therefore possess the characteristics of a genotoxic agent (Lutz,
      1982). This suggests that the tumours induced in the rodent liver may result from
      some non-genotoxic mechanism and supports the view that the weakly positive
      dominant lethal test seen on administration of DEHP by the ip (but not the oral)
      route (Singh et al. 1974) is unlikely to have resulted from a direct effect on
      the genome of the sperm cells. Although the mechanism responsible for the
      induction of tumours by high doses of DEHP in rodents is not clear, it would
      appear both from these studies and from work on hypolipidaemic agents, that
      peroxisomal proliferation and the induction of enzymes associated with this
      organelle are in some way implicated (Cohen & Grasso, 1981). Other studies have
      shown that changes of this type are produced by doses of hypolipidaemic agents
      that induce liver cancer in rodents (Cohen & Grasso, 1981) and our investigations
      have indicated that they were also prominent at dose levels of DEHP similar to
      those that induced liver cancer in the NCI study (National Toxicology Program,
      1982). No cancer induction would be expected to occur in the absence of these
      changes. In our dose-response study in rats it was shown that at the lowest dose
      (50 mg/kg body weight/day, approximately equivalent to a dietary level of 1000
      ppm) several effects seen with higher doses were not apparent and others differed
      only slightly from normal control values. This is particularly relevant to
      assessments of the risk posed by DEHP and DEHA present as contaminants in foods,
      since human exposure via the food chain has been estimated by Shiota, Chou &
      Nishimura (1980) as 30 micrograms/kg body weight/day, several orders of magnitude
      less than the lowest exposure level used in these experiments. In addition, our
      studies indicate that none of the changes found in the rat were observed in the
      marmoset, suggesting that rodents and primates differ fundamentally in their
      hepatic and testicular response to DEHP. Previous studies by other authors
      (reviewed by Cohen & Grasso, 1981) indicated that morphological changes in the
      endoplasmic reticulum and the proliferation of peroxisomes are not features of
      the response of monkeys and man to high doses of hypolipidaemic agents.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421685
TI  - [Changes in the unmodified vessels after aortocoronary bypass surgery].
AB  - In a prospective study (238 men, mean age 53 years) the changes of the native
      vessels were studied 3 months after a-c-bypass operation and 5 months after
      preop. angiography. Progression was defined as increase of stenoses of at least
      20% or new total occlusion. Progression was significantly more frequent in
      vessels with than without bypass and was located proximally to the anastomoses in
      most cases, less frequently at the anastomoses and very rarely distally to the
      anastomoses. Proximal progression was significantly more frequent with patent
      than with occluded bypasses. Stenoses at the anastomoses were significantly more
      frequent with occluded than with patent bypasses. Stenoses of higher degrees had
      a stronger tendency for progression than slighter stenoses. Regression was rare
      and nearly always caused by surgery.

PMID- 6421686
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the upper extremities].
AB  - Amongst 1500 digital subtraction angiograms, there were 93 examinations of the
      arteries of the upper extremities. After intravenous contrast injection, DSA
      provided good demonstration of the subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial and
      ulnar arteries. In order to demonstrate the arteries in the hand and fingers, an
      intra-arterial injection of 5 ml contrast into the brachial artery has proved
      satisfactory. DSA makes the examination easier and quicker and reduces the risk
      of complications. Conventional catheter angiography is now required only for a
      few selected problems.

PMID- 6421687
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in acute pulmonary embolism].
AB  - The results of 49 DSAs (in 29 patients) are presented; these were performed for
      the diagnosis or follow-up of pulmonary emboli. The direct or indirect signs of
      pulmonary emboli, known to occur during conventional pulmonary angiography, were
      used as diagnostic criteria. In 47 examinations it was possible to make or to
      exclude the diagnosis unequivocally. The advantages of DSA make it desirable to
      use this method as the first form of examination in the diagnosis of acute, but
      not immediately life-threatening, pulmonary emboli.

PMID- 6421688
TI  - [Digital subtraction phlebography].
AB  - The usefulness of digital subtraction angiography of the venous system, which we
      have termed "digital subtraction phlebography (DSP)" was demonstrated in the
      region of the vena cava, the pelvic veins and the veins of the arms. DSP is
      especially of diagnostic value in the region of the vena cava and pelvic veins
      and offers no advantage in the veins of the lower extremities compared to
      conventional phlebography. DSP is a time--and cost--saving method, furthermore
      minor concentrations of contrast media are needed.

PMID- 6421689
TI  - Large and giant intracranial aneurysms. A radiologico-clinical study.
AB  - The brain scans and cerebral angiograms of 13 patients with intracranial
      aneurysms larger than 15 mm. in diameter are analysed. The radiological findings
      obtained are compared with clinical symptoms and signs. Twelve patients had
      genuine aneurysms and one patient a posttraumatic false aneurysm. Post-contrast
      CT in transversal and coronal plane revealed the real size of the aneurysm in 7
      cases of intraluminal thrombosis. Cerebral angiography demonstrated the presence
      of aneurysms, their anatomic relations and haemodynamic changes.

PMID- 6421690
TI  - [Dynamic cerebral computed tomography. A contribution to the nosology of cerebral
      space-occupying processes?].
AB  - Dynamic cerebral studies were carried out in 21 patients with cerebral
      abnormalities. Thirteen had tumours and eight showed vascular abnormalities. In
      most cases the diagnosis was confirmed by histology, but occasionally by
      angiography or by computed tomography and the clinical course. Dynamic cerebral
      studies were performed, involving the production of concentration-time curves
      following bolus injection of ordinary contrast medium. The type of contrast
      enhancement gave a better indication of the nature of the lesion. The method can
      be used together with the more common type of investigations, such as plain scans
      and contrast scans. The small number of patients requires further studies with
      larger numbers; for this a multi-centric study would be suitable.

PMID- 6421691
TI  - [Non-invasive diagnosis of carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistulas using computed
      tomography].
AB  - Typical CT-findings of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are asymmetric
      enlargement and bulging of the lateral contours of the cavernous sinus and
      dilatation of draining orbital and facial veins. They can be best demonstrated
      with thin-section scans and rapid intravenous bolus injection of contrast agent.
      Among the differential diagnoses, a variety of orbital, intrasellar and
      parasellar lesions must be considered. For definitive radiologic diagnosis
      cerebral angiography continues to be required.

PMID- 6421692
TI  - [The old and the recently occurring endocrine ophthalmopathy in computed
      tomography: similarities--differences].
AB  - Thirty patients are described on whom computed tomography was carried out because
      of endocrine ophthalmopathies. Fifteen patients had had the disease for more than
      two years, in the others it was acute. Determinations of muscle thickness and
      Hertel values show that there is no thickening of the extraocular muscles in
      patients with longstanding disease, but a significant increase in the Hertel
      values. Patients with recent disease show a definite increase in muscle thickness
      and corresponding protrusion of the globe, which can be explained by the changes
      in the muscles. The computer tomographic appearances of the striated ocular
      muscles in long-standing disease can be explained by fibrosis. These
      characteristics are of significance when considering the indications for
      radiation therapy.

PMID- 6421693
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography of a germinoma insufficiently demonstrated
      by cerebral computed tomography].
AB  - A germinoma is described which was confirmed histologically by a stereotactic
      biopsy, and which had not been adequately demonstrated by CT. By means of NMR the
      pathological changes were shown in their entire extent, corresponding with the
      complex clinical situation.

PMID- 6421694
TI  - [Comparative radiologic and pathologic-anatomic studies on the value of
      discography in the diagnosis of acute intravertebral disk injuries in the
      cervical spine].
AB  - In order to prove the diagnostic value of cervical discography, a postmortem
      investigation was carried out on 70 trauma fatalities and 30 atraumatic
      fatalities of comparable age distribution. It was shown that, depending on the
      functional state of the intervertebral disk, the contrast medium flowed from the
      central depot into the "degenerative" cleft systems, from there frequently in
      front of the posterior longitudinal ligament into the uncovertebral joints and
      from there into the epidural space even in injured movement segments. On the
      other hand, despite the large number of false positive results only a relatively
      small percentage of the injuries was investigated. Discography would be a
      specific diagnostic method merely for central intervertebral disk disruption.
      However, this injury type is a rare special form.

PMID- 6421695
TI  - [Rare localizations of calcifying tendopathies].
AB  - 5 case-reports illustrate 2 rare locations of calcifying peritendinitis: The
      insertion of the deltoid tendon in the proximal humerus and the insertion of the
      gluteus maximus tendon in the femur. Knowledge of these insertion sites on one
      hand and the possibility of calcifying tendinitis at these sites on the other
      hand may allow proper diagnosis of certain shoulder- and hip joint pain syndromes
      and subsequent correct therapy.

PMID- 6421696
TI  - [Computed tomography of patellar chondropathy. Experimental and clinical
      results].
AB  - Experimental studies of patellae at autopsy and clinical CT-arthrographic
      examinations of 36 patients show that CT provides good demonstration of the
      retropatellar cartilage and its lesions. The value of the method compared with
      conventional radiographic examinations, arthroscopy and surgery is discussed.

PMID- 6421697
TI  - [Computertomographic findings in pigmented villonodular synovitis].
AB  - The CT findings in two patients with synovitis of the knee joint were analysed.
      Angiography is a non-specific method for the differential diagnosis of synovitis;
      CT, however, can be pathognomonic by showing a strikingly thick and hyperdense
      synovial membrane because of the iron content of the hyperplastic synovia. This
      is not found in non-specific synovitis.

PMID- 6421698
TI  - [Sonography of the superior mesenteric artery. Normal anatomy variations and
      value for the analysis of retroperitoneal space occupying processes].
AB  - The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) can be demonstrated by ultrasonography under
      adequate conditions as a tubular liquid structure of 3 to 7 mms. in diameter,
      which parallels the abdominal aorta at a distance of 2 to 5 mms. The
      aortomesenteric distance is higher in patients with arteriosclerosis or aneurysm
      of the abdominal aorta, enlarged pre-aortic lymph nodes or other retroperitoneal
      masses. Its measurement can be recommended for quantitative assessment of
      retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Anatomic variations and postoperative changes
      may alter the course of the SMA. Measurement of the aortomesenteric angle is of
      no practical value.

PMID- 6421699
TI  - [Computer tomographic and sonographic diagnosis and control in malignant lymphoma
      of the stomach].
AB  - Computer tomographic (12 cases) and sonographic (10 cases) examinations were
      carried out in patients with malignant lymphomas of the stomach, both for primary
      diagnosis and follow-up. The intraluminal and extraluminal extension of the
      disease and the involvement of various parts of the stomach could be well
      demonstrated. During follow-up, the effect of radiation and chemotherapy was
      observed particularly well by computed tomography.

PMID- 6421700
TI  - Ultrasonography of carcinoma of the gallbladder. The images and differential
      diagnostic problems.
AB  - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder was analysed in
      a series of 5100 patients, who had a grey-scale sonography of the gallbladder
      more than 2 years before analysis. Carcinoma has been diagnosed in 12 of the
      patients. Sonography revealed 8 of the carcinomas. In addition one tumour was
      diagnosed, which was not considered to originate from the gallbladder. Two
      patients had carcinoma in situ. The examination of one carcinoma patient was a
      technical failure. There were 9 false positive findings. Of these 9 patients, one
      had a metastasis, 5 had a lump of sludge, 3 had a wall thickening caused by
      chronic cholecystitis and one had an adenomyomatosis.

PMID- 6421701
TI  - [Radionuclide determination of renal clearance equivalent to physiological
      clearance measurements].
AB  - The concept of renal clearance in nuclear medicine describes the tubular
      secretion and glomerular filtration of a substance being removed from the blood
      plasma. The concept of clearance as used physiologically is rather wider and
      includes consideration of the outflow of the substances remained back in the
      kidneys. The present paper discusses clearance measurements as seen from a thermo
      dynamic point of view, in which isotope clearances become equivalent with the
      physiological concept of clearance. In addition, it is possible to quantify each
      single step of the excretory function of each kidney separately.

PMID- 6421702
TI  - [Computer tomographic staging of prostatic cancers].

PMID- 6421703
TI  - Sequential CT appearances in herpes simplex encephalopathy (HSE) sequelae
      complicated by trauma. Case report.

PMID- 6421704
TI  - [Rhabdomyomatosis of the heart in a newborn infant].

PMID- 6421705
TI  - [Echo-rich solid kidney tumors in ultrasonic tomography].

PMID- 6421706
TI  - Acute afferent loop syndrome simulating pancreatic pseudocysts. Diagnostic
      pitfall with CT.

PMID- 6421707
TI  - [Early sonographic diagnosis of mechanical ileus of the small intestine].

PMID- 6421709
TI  - A rare condition of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6421708
TI  - [Scintigraphic contribution to the demonstration of enterovesical fistulas].

PMID- 6421710
TI  - [Long-term artificial respiration at home in restrictive ventilation disorders].
AB  - Combined chest wall and lung alterations may lead to severe restrictive
      respiratory disorder. In advanced cases with hypercapnia, hypoxemia and oxygen
      intolerance during spontaneous breathing, there are almost insuperable
      therapeutic difficulties. Three of such patients have been treated, after
      tracheostomy, at home for 60, 34 and 22 months respectively by intermittent IPPV
      ventilation. With an improved quality of life all these patients survived up to
      now. This result seems to be encouraging.

PMID- 6421711
TI  - [Quantification of the effect of carbon dioxide bath cures and single carbon
      dioxide baths on myocardial function and metabolism].

PMID- 6421712
TI  - Studies on the effects of low doses of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the
      basal levels of serum gonadotropins and the sensitivity of the pituitary to
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in adult male rats.
AB  - Investigations were undertaken to study the effect of administering s.c. 10, 25,
      50, 100, 500 and 1000 ng DHT/rat/day to normal adult male rats, for six weeks, on
      the basal levels of serum gonadotropin and the sensitivity of the pituitary to
      LHRH. The control group received olive oil. Animals were weighed and bled via
      cardiac puncture before the beginning of the treatment and weekly thereafter.
      After the last bleeding rats were injected intracardially 200 ng LHRH/rat and
      killed 15 min later. Blood, pituitary and testes were collected. Data were
      analyzed with respect to the control group and with respect to day zero of the
      treatment. DHT failed to produce a persistent effect on the serum gonadotropin.
      10 and 500 ng DHT suppressed FSH levels significantly on days 21 and 7,
      respectively. 25, 50, 100 and 1000 ng DHT stimulated the release of FSH on day
      42. 10 ng DHT reduced the levels of LH on day 14 of the treatment. 10, 25 and 50
      ng DHT increased the sensitivity of the pituitary to release more LH in response
      to LHRH while 100, 500, 1000 ng DHT inhibited LHRH induced release of FSH. DHT at
      all doses tested failed to affect intrapituitary levels of LH and FSH. 10, 500
      and 1000 ng DHT reduced the weights of the pituitaries as compared to the control
      group. The data demonstrate effects of DHT which are transient on the basal
      release of gonadotropins but are more persistent and differential on the
      sensitivity of the pituitary to LHRH.

PMID- 6421713
TI  - Those wonderful people who brought you DRGs. How will health services research
      affect policy in the future?

PMID- 6421714
TI  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as an aid in the analysis of monoclonal
      gammopathies.
AB  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is the most powerful protein separation
      technique currently available. In the authors' laboratory it has proved useful in
      the analysis of specimens from patients with monoclonal gammopathies when those
      specimens were otherwise difficult to diagnose. Examples of problematic specimens
      include biclonal gammopathies, heavy chain diseases, and monoclonal gammopathies
      that show a small or invisible spike on serum protein electrophoresis on
      cellulose acetate. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoresis is being used to
      investigate the pathophysiologic features of myeloma kidney disease, especially
      regarding potential interactions of Bence Jones proteins and kidney proteins.

PMID- 6421715
TI  - Laboratory assessment of nutritional status.
AB  - Malnutrition is one of the major causes of increased morbidity and mortality
      among hospitalized patients. The availability of nutritional therapy for these
      patients has made clinicians aware of the need for reliable methods of
      nutritional assessment. A variety of anthropometric, biochemical, and immunologic
      parameters has been used as indicators of protein-calorie malnutrition. Recently,
      the concentration of several rapid-turnover visceral proteins (transferrin,
      thyroxine-binding prealbumin and retinol-binding protein) has been shown to be a
      very sensitive parameter for indicating both the efficiency of nutritional
      therapy and conditions of borderline protein intake in apparently healthy
      children. Likewise, several immunologic parameters (including T cells, delayed
      hypersensitivity response, and complement components) have been shown to
      correlate with morbidity, mortality risk, sepsis, and death.

PMID- 6421716
TI  - Solitary solid stromal gastrointestinal tumors in von Recklinghausen's disease
      with minimal smooth muscle differentiation.
AB  - Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) is occasionally associated with
      large, solid stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The authors examined
      by electron microscopy two such cases of cellular spindle cell neoplasms of the
      small bowel histologically that resembled leiomyomas, in an attempt to clarify
      the cell of origin of these lesions. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells
      predominantly contained moderate to large numbers of intracellular filaments,
      small cell processes, discontinuous adherent dense basement-membrane-like
      material, and abundant intercellular collagen. Definite fusiform dense bodies or
      structures highly suggestive of them and pinocytotic vesicles were seen in rare
      cells of each lesion after viewing multiple blocks. While patients with
      neurofibromatosis are certainly at risk of developing gastrointestinal Schwann
      cell neoplasms, these two cases suggest that they are also at risk for developing
      poorly differentiated stromal tumors, resembling leiomyomas by light microscopy,
      which may show only characteristic cytoplasmic differentiation of smooth muscle
      cells after ultrastructural examination of many sections.

PMID- 6421717
TI  - Familial thrombocytopenia associated with platelet autoantibodies and chromosome
      breakage.
AB  - An extended family is described in which three members had thrombocytopenia.
      These affected members had chromosomal changes resembling those found in
      Fanconi's anaemia, though they lacked the development defects associated with
      that syndrome. One had bone-marrow hypoplasia and died of squamous cell carcinoma
      of the mouth at the age of 27. In addition, all three had platelet autoantibodies
      not found in any other family members tested. There was no linkage between the
      thrombocytopenia and HLA groups. The nature of the association of
      thrombocytopenia, platelet autoantibodies and chromosomal abnormalities in this
      family remains doubtful.

PMID- 6421719
TI  - Suggested strategies for occupational health education.

PMID- 6421718
TI  - Properties of alpha-L-iduronidase in cultured skin fibroblasts from alpha-L
      iduronidase-deficient patients.
AB  - On DEAE cellulose column chromatography, alpha-L-iduronidase in cultured skin
      fibroblasts was resolved into two distinct components, forms A and B. They had
      similar Km values for 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronide, but differed in pH
      optima and thermal stability. Form B was more heat-stable than form A. Residual
      alpha-L-iduronidase activity in Hurler fibroblasts was heat-stable, while that in
      Scheie fibroblasts was heat-labile, and moreover, that in Hurler-Scheie compound
      fibroblasts lay intermediate between Hurler and Scheie syndromes. These findings
      demonstrated that Hurler syndrome, Scheie syndrome and Hurler-Scheie compound
      were enzymatically distinguishable.

PMID- 6421720
TI  - Dual effects of exogenous insulin on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.

PMID- 6421721
TI  - Effect of undernutrition on clonogenic cells in intestine.

PMID- 6421722
TI  - Antifertility actions of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in rat.

PMID- 6421724
TI  - Molecular characterization of two Ia-like antigens in marmoset.

PMID- 6421723
TI  - Differential tissue distribution and ontogeny of DC-1 and HLA-DR antigens.
AB  - The tissue distribution and the ontogeny of DC-1 antigens have been investigated
      and compared with those of HLA-DR antigens. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)
      staining of surgically removed normal tissues from adults with the monoclonal
      antibody (MoAb) BT3.4 has detected DC-1 antigens in tissues of various
      embryologic origin. The tissue distribution of DC-1 antigens is more restricted
      than that of HLA-DR antigens, as the former are not detected in duodenal
      epithelium, colon mucosa, and ductal mammary gland epithelium. In fetuses up to
      26 weeks of age, DC-1 antigens were detected only on cortical and medullary
      thymic dendritic cells with an anatomic distribution similar to that of
      reticuloepithelial cells and in endothelial cells of the small intestine. At this
      stage of intrauterine life, HLA-DR antigens have already reached their full
      tissue distribution. The tissue distribution and the ontogeny of DC-1 antigens
      resemble those of their murine counterparts, i.e., the I-A antigens.

PMID- 6421725
TI  - Characterization of three new intra-I region recombinant mouse strains, B10.ASR7
      (H-2as3), B10.BAR4 (H-2h6), and B10.BASR1 (H-2as4).

PMID- 6421726
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mycobacterial antigens.

PMID- 6421727
TI  - Antibodies to purified tuberculin (PPD) in pulmonary tuberculosis & their
      correlation with PPD skin sensitivity.

PMID- 6421728
TI  - Haemagglutinin profile as a diagnostic aid in enteric fever.

PMID- 6421729
TI  - Prevalence of aeruginocine types of Pseudomonas at Madurai.

PMID- 6421730
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins G, A & M in pyogenic and tuberculous
      meningitis.

PMID- 6421731
TI  - Role of age in host sensitivity to carcinogens.
AB  - The possible mechanisms of age-associated changes in host sensitivity to
      carcinogenic agents are discussed. It has been suggested that the main modifying
      factors of carcinogenesis in aged organisms are age-associated shifts in: (1)
      activity of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in liver and other target tissues;
      (2) binding of active carcinogen metabolites to macromolecules (nucleic acids and
      proteins); (3) accuracy of DNA repair; and (4) proliferative activity of target
      tissue, regulated by tissue-specific factors (chalones and growth factors),
      hormones and some metabolic factors (cholesterol, fatty acids). A scheme of
      carcinogenesis is presented which integrates the effects of carcinogens at
      subcellular, tissue and organism levels.

PMID- 6421732
TI  - Indican, ethereal and other forms of S eliminated in 24 hours urine by elderly
      Indian subjects.
AB  - Average daily excretion of Indican in urine of 42 healthy elderly men, av. age
      69.9 +/- 5.0 years, (60 observations) was 60.7 +/- 17.4 mg/24 hrs. This is
      slightly higher than reported values for younger subjects. Average ethereal S
      elimination by Indian subjects has varied from 72-150 mg/day. Indican is the
      chief ethereal S eliminated in urine. Other forms of S excreted by elderly
      subjects were: Inorganic S 720 +/- 150 mg; Ethereal S 74 +/- 22 mg. Indican in
      them was 53.8 +/- 17.4 mg. This shows that the remaining 20 mg or about 1/4 of
      the ethereal S is eliminated in urine in other forms. Relationship with age,
      diet, common disorders along with findings in literature etc. are discussed.

PMID- 6421733
TI  - Sydenham's chorea.

PMID- 6421734
TI  - Nonopsonic phagocytosis of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis
      patients.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant respiratory pathogen in patients with
      cystic fibrosis, but its mechanism of persisting in pulmonary secretions is
      poorly understood. We observed that three nonmucoid cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa
      strains were phagocytized and one strain resisted phagocytosis by human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the absence of serum. Phagocytosis was assessed
      by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, inspection of stained smears, bactericidal
      assay, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium dye, and electron microscopy.
      Phagocytosis, determined by visual inspection, occurred at 35 degrees C but not
      at 4 degrees C. Nonopsonic phagocytosis was inhibited most efficiently by D
      mannose, mannose-containing saccharides, and D-fructose. Opsonin-dependent
      phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa and of zymosan was not markedly inhibited by
      mannose, suggesting different leukocyte receptors for nonopsonic and opsonic
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 6421735
TI  - Isolation and characterization of alkaline protease-deficient mutants of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in a mouse eye model.
AB  - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are described which are markedly deficient in
      alkaline protease production. Characterization of these mutants in vitro suggests
      that the mutations in two of these strains are specific for alkaline protease
      production. Examination of these mutants in a mouse eye model demonstrates that
      alkaline protease is required for the establishment of corneal infections with P.
      aeruginosa PA103. Mutants deficient in alkaline protease production could not
      colonize traumatized cornea and did not produce the corneal damage characteristic
      of infection by the parental strain. Addition of subdamaging amounts of alkaline
      protease to eyes infected with the protease-deficient mutants resulted in
      infections which were indistinguishable from infections caused by the parental
      strain.

PMID- 6421736
TI  - Absence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadsorption protein P1 in Mycoplasma
      genitalium and Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
AB  - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein P1 were
      nonreactive with whole-cell or soluble preparations of M. genitalium and M.
      gallisepticum. However, radioimmunoprecipitation performed with hyperimmune
      rabbit sera raised against each mycoplasma species indicated antigenic cross
      reactivity between M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium.

PMID- 6421737
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of rough Brucella lipopolysaccharides.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from rough strains of Brucella abortus
      and Brucella melitensis and from strains of the naturally occurring rough species
      Brucella ovis and Brucella canis. Brucella rough lipopolysaccharides (R-LPS) were
      readily distinguished from Brucella smooth lipopolysaccharides (S-LPS) and
      enterobacterial R-LPS, by their chemical, physical, and serological
      characteristics. B. ovis R-LPS was differentiated from B. abortus, B. melitensis,
      and B. canis R-LPS by its reaction of partial identity in immunodiffusion.
      Monospecific mouse sera against B. ovis R-LPS agglutinated only the homologous
      bacteria but not R cells of other species of Brucella. B. ovis R-LPS contained
      more 2-keto, 3-deoxyoctonate, and glucosamine as a percentage of dry weight than
      any other R-LPS tested. B. abortus R-LPS was identified by the absence of an
      unidentified sugar present in the other R-LPS molecules, and B. melitensis R-LPS
      could be differentiated from B. canis R-LPS by its higher content of fatty acids.
      In contrast to S-LPS, all of the R-LPS studied lacked quinovosamine. In electron
      micrographs, Brucella R-LPS had a granular appearance, in contrast to typical
      lamellar structures formed by Brucella S-LPS and Escherichia coli R-LPS.

PMID- 6421739
TI  - Isolation and some properties of an enterotoxin produced by Bacillus cereus.
AB  - Extracellular proteins produced by Bacillus cereus B-4ac were separated by
      chromatography on Amberlite CG-400, QAE-Sephadex, Sephadex G-75, and
      hydroxylapatite. A fraction, containing three detectable antigens, obtained from
      chromatography on hydroxylapatite caused fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit
      ileal loops, was dermonecrotic to rabbit skin, was cytotoxic to cultured cells,
      and was lethal to mice after intravenous injection. Two other fractions obtained
      from chromatography on hydroxylapatite showed essentially no toxic activity when
      tested individually. Each nontoxic fraction contained two of the three proteins
      present in the toxic material. When the two nontoxic fractions were combined,
      activity in all of the biological assays was observed. Antiserum against either
      of the nontoxic fractions neutralized the dermonecrotic response of the combined
      material. These results suggest that all of these biological activities probably
      are due to a single entity and that more than one component probably comprise the
      toxic entity.

PMID- 6421738
TI  - Conservation of peptide structure of outer membrane protein-macromolecular
      complex from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The structural conservation of an outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      called OMP-MC (outer membrane protein-macromolecular complex) was investigated by
      determining the isoelectric point and amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the
      protein and by using high-performance liquid chromatography for comparative
      tryptic peptide mapping. The 76,000-dalton subunits generated by reduction and
      alkylation of the native 800,000-dalton complex from six test strains focused in
      ultrathin gels as bands of restricted heterogeneity at an approximate pI of 7.6.
      Dansyl chloride labeling indicated that all strains shared glycine as the amino
      terminal amino acid. Sequence analysis of OMP-MC from two strains revealed no
      amino acid differences within the first 11 residues. Dual-label peptide maps
      revealed an extremely high degree of conservation of peptide structure. The
      results indicate that (i) OMP-MCs isolated from various strains of N. gonorrhoeae
      share structural homology and (ii) the 800,000-dalton complex is a homopolymer
      composed of 10 to 12 apparently identical 76,000-dalton subunits.

PMID- 6421740
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance in mice: comparison of tissue, strain, and
      corticosteroid effects.
AB  - We used a murine model to determine whether chronic corticosteroid therapy has
      uniform effects on bacterial clearance processes in different tissues. After a 2
      week regimen of oral prednisolone, Swiss Webster mice were challenged with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 or virulent derivatives of PAO1 (IP-8 and IT
      10). Chronic corticosteroid therapy delayed the clearance of strain PAO1 from the
      peritoneal cavity. However, steroid treatment did not reduce the neutrophil
      influx, did not reduce the in vivo phagocytic capacity of neutrophils, and did
      not alter bactericidal activity of peritoneal exudate cells in vitro. Virulent
      isolates (IP-8 and IT-10) replicated in the peritoneal cavity in steroid-treated
      mice even though the neutrophil influx was similar to control mice. In contrast
      to the abnormal peritoneal clearance, all strains were rapidly cleared from the
      lungs of control and steroid-treated mice after aerosol challenge. Neutrophil
      influx into bronchoalveolar spaces was greater in steroid-treated mice than in
      control mice. All mice (control and steroid treated) survived these challenges,
      except for some steroid-treated mice infected intraperitoneally with IP-8. These
      results demonstrate that chronic steroid therapy alters bacterial clearance
      processes on the peritoneal surfaces to a greater extent than in the lower
      respiratory tract. The explanation for this altered clearance in the peritoneum
      is unclear, but cannot be explained by reductions in neutrophil migration to
      inflammatory stimuli. Therefore, the infectious risk associated with chronic
      corticosteroid therapy appears to depend on both the tissue and the virulence of
      the bacterial strain and may reflect alterations in clearance processes other
      than neutrophil migration.

PMID- 6421741
TI  - A macromolecular structure produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recognized by
      antibody to exotoxin A.
AB  - Organized particulate structures (rods) identified in purified preparations of
      exotoxin A from culture supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 were found
      to be immunochemically cross-reactive with exotoxin A. The rods were visualized
      by electron microscopy after negative staining as hollow tubes or sheaths (45 by
      15 nm). Purified rods were not toxic and not enzymatically active in the ADP
      ribosylation assay. Antigenic cross-reactivity between exotoxin A and rods was
      demonstrated by using monoclonal antibodies directed against either rods or a
      toxoid of exotoxin A. Hybridoma clones derived from mice immunized with rods or
      toxoid reacted with both antigens in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rods
      could be dissociated by boiling and resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into three subunit polypeptides with molecular
      weights of 70,000, 45,000, and 27,000. Two of the three subunit polypeptides
      reacted both with antirod and antitoxin monoclonal antibodies after
      electrophoretic transfer of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis-separated proteins to nitrocellulose filters. The results
      indicate that rods and exotoxin A share common antigenic determinants.

PMID- 6421742
TI  - Monoclonal antibody that recognizes an outer membrane antigen common to the
      pathogenic Neisseria species but not to most nonpathogenic Neisseria species.
AB  - A hybridoma derived from a mouse immunized with gonococcal outer membranes
      produced an antibody, designated H.8, that bound to all strains of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis tested, and to N. lactamica and N. cinerea, but
      only rarely to other nonpathogenic Neisseria species. Studies with the gonococcal
      strain used in production of the antibody showed that the antibody bound to a
      surface-exposed, protease-sensitive, and heat-modifiable outer membrane antigen
      that we believe is distinct from previously described gonococcal outer membrane
      proteins.

PMID- 6421743
TI  - Activity of ciprofloxacin (BAYo 9867) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - We studied the in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against 570 strains of
      ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and 286 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
      95.26% of the Enterobacteriaceae and 53.45% of the P. aeruginosa were inhibited
      by 0.1 mg/l of ciprofloxacin. 2 mg/l of ciprofloxacin inhibited all of the
      Enterobacteriaceae strains and 4 mg/l all of the P. aeruginosa. We compared the
      activity of ciprofloxacin with that of temocillin in the Enterobacteriaceae
      strains. In the P. aeruginosa strains, classified according to their
      susceptibility to carbenicillin and gentamicin, we compared the activity of
      ciprofloxacin with that of ceftazidime. In the strains studied, the in vitro
      activity of ciprofloxacin is superior to that of temocillin against the
      Enterobacteriaceae and to that of ceftazidime against the P. aeruginosa strains.

PMID- 6421744
TI  - [Antibacterial concentrations in serum and tooth-jawbone tissue following
      perioperative administration of propicillin].
AB  - Antibacterial Concentrations in Serum and Dental Tissues after Preoperative
      Application of Propicillin. After resecting radicular and follicular cysts in the
      jaws, the serum, bone, capsule and fluid of the cysts from 40 patients were
      studied for their propicillin concentration. The patients received 1 Mega unit
      (0.7 g) propicillin orally as oblong tablets one or two hours before surgery. One
      or two hours after the application of propicillin, the distribution coefficients
      between serum and the three tissues were 0.78 and 0.87 for the spongious bone,
      0.07 and 0.06 for the cyst capsule and 0.14 and 0.08 for the cyst fluid. The mean
      concentrations in all three tissues were distinctly above the MICs of the
      bacteria most frequently isolated from the mouth for at least two hours.

PMID- 6421745
TI  - A microbiological evaluation of apalcillin.
AB  - The in vitro activity of apalcillin was tested against 350 clinical isolates of
      Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      Streptococcus faecalis. Using a minimal inhibitory concentration of 16 mg/l as
      the breakpoint, only 19.7% of the strains were resistant to apalcillin. A
      regression analysis demonstrated that it is possible to test bacteria for
      sensitivity with a 20 micrograms apalcillin disc. The results on Mueller-Hinton
      agar are very similar to those on Iso-Sensitest medium. Like other ureido
      penicillins, apalcillin is sensitive to most beta-lactamases; it is effective
      against ampicillin-resistant strains since it penetrates the outer membrane of
      gram-negative bacteria well and is highly effective against target proteins.
      Strains producing high amounts of beta-lactamases do become resistant to
      apalcillin.

PMID- 6421746
TI  - Flow cytometric detection of histamine binding to lymphocytes.
AB  - Using flow cytofluorimetry histamine binding was demonstrated by 90-100% of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cells were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate
      human albumin-histamine (FITC-HA-His) and analysed using a Fluorescence Activated
      Cell Sorter (FACS-II). A parallel control FITC-HA conjugate and blocking with
      both free histamine and histamine bound to albumin were used to establish
      specificity. The binding of histamine could be blocked with both H1 and H2 type
      histamine antagonists. Nylon wool separated T and B lymphocyte subpopulations
      showed the same high proportions of histamine binding cells.

PMID- 6421747
TI  - Fractionation of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens by hydrophobic interaction
      chromatography and gel filtration.
AB  - Aspergillus fumigatus somatic antigen prepared from young hyphae was fractionated
      by hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by gel filtration. The
      antigenic activity of fractions was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and immunodiffusion. By enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, high levels of IgG antibodies were detected against an
      antigen fraction of approximate molecular weight 470,000 both in patients with
      aspergillosis (n = 3) and in healthy controls (n = 3). High levels of antibodies
      to four fractions of MW 250,000 160,000, 160,000-50,000, and 50,000-25,000 were
      found only in patients. The MW 250,000 fraction exhibited catalase activity, and
      the MW 50,000-25,000 fraction had neutral protease activity. These purified
      aspergillus antigens may be useful in serodiagnosis of aspergillosis.

PMID- 6421748
TI  - Effect of metrizamide, a nonionic radiographic contrast agent, on human serum
      complement. Comparison with ionic contrast media.
AB  - The nonionic radiographic contrast material (RCM) metrizamide causes consumption
      of total complement activity in normal human serum (NHS) in vitro in the absence
      and to a lesser extent also in the presence of EDTA. The depression of titers of
      total complement is related to an inactivating effect of metrizamide on component
      C2. Furthermore, metrizamide induces activation of the alternative pathway as
      evidenced by the appearance of C3 and factor B cleavage products in NHS,
      dependent on the presence of divalent cations. Alternative pathway activation is
      probably mediated by an antagonizing effect of metrizamide on the inactivation of
      C3b. Unlike ionic RCM, the nonionic substance metrizamide does not lead to
      cleavage of the internal thiolester bond present in native C3 and C4, at
      concentrations that produce potent consumption of C3 activity in NHS.

PMID- 6421749
TI  - Comparative adjuvant activities of Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis.
AB  - Adjuvant activity of heat-killed Legionella pneumophila was demonstrated and
      compared with that of inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The two
      species of bacteria were suspended separately in oil and Arlacel A. Bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) in saline was then emulsified within the respective adjuvants and
      injected intradermally into guinea pigs. Antibodies to the BSA antigen in the
      sera of the animals were quantitated with the kinetic-dependent enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (k-Elisa). Guinea pigs immunized with BSA in adjuvant with
      killed L. pneumophila produced high titers of anti-BSA antibody, which, on the
      average, were nearly as high as in those immunized with BSA in complete Freund's
      adjuvant with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and which were much greater than in others
      immunized with incomplete adjuvant, lacking bacteria. Moreover, with a
      polypeptide hapten, the L. pneumophila evoked as much or more antibody in rabbits
      as the mycobacterium adjuvant. The effect of the legionella adjuvant upon the
      cellular immune response was examined using skin tests. For this purpose guinea
      pigs were immunized with picryl-guinea pig albumin in these adjuvants. 6 weeks
      later, they were skin-tested with that antigen. They showed reactions which
      appeared to have immediate as well as delayed components when examined grossly
      and histologically. Others, immunized with incomplete adjuvant, did not exhibit
      delayed reactions. Accordingly, heat-killed L. pneumophila acts as a potent
      adjuvant. Under the circumstances of these experiments, it was as effective as
      heat-killed M. tuberculosis.

PMID- 6421751
TI  - Ontogeny of the secretory pattern of LH and FSH in male mice during sexual
      maturation.
AB  - Plasma LH and FSH concentrations were measured in male mice at 10-day intervals
      from 1 to 90 days and at 2-day intervals between 20 and 40 days. The skewed
      distribution and variability of LH concentrations observed in mice aged 20 to 90
      days suggests that LH is released in an episodic fashion. Mean levels of LH and
      baseline concentrations increased significantly from infantile (1-20 days) to
      adult age (50-90 days). Pulsatile discharges of LH appeared to start at 22 days,
      and their frequency increased from 9.6% (prepubertal stage: 20-30 days) to 31.6%
      (pubertal stage: 30-40 days). In contrast, for FSH no evidence of pulsatile
      secretion was found, and mean levels increased 5-fold from the infantile to the
      peripubertal stage, and adult levels were then attained.

PMID- 6421750
TI  - Leydig cell function in patients with testicular cancer during and after
      chemotherapy.
AB  - In two groups of patients with disseminated testicular carcinoma the effect of
      combination chemotherapy on the pituitary-gonadal axis was evaluated, after
      unilateral orchiectomy: The two groups comprised 15 patients without hCG
      producing metastases (group A), and 14 patients with hCG-producing metastases
      (group B). Seven patients who had received no chemotherapy were studied one year
      after unilateral orchiectomy as a control group (group C). In group A, serum
      levels of testosterone and oestradiol increased during chemotherapy, as did the
      levels of LH and FSH. The serum LH and FSH response to LHRH was increased
      following chemotherapy, whereas the serum testosterone increase after hCG
      stimulation remained unchanged. A rise of 316% in SHBG binding capacity was found
      after chemotherapy. This presumably accounted for the elevated steroid levels in
      the presence of high gonadotrophin levels, but unaltered Leydig cell response.
      The elevated serum levels of testosterone and oestradiol and the suppressed serum
      FSH levels normalized during disappearance of ectopic hCG production in group B
      patients. Leydig cell refractoriness to hCG and the FSH response to LHRH also
      reverted to normal. After chemotherapy, FSH, but not LH levels exceeded those of
      group C patients, presumably as a result of the azoospermia induced by
      chemotherapy. The hormonal changes associated with chemotherapy are best
      explained by an increase in serum binding proteins, notably SHBG.

PMID- 6421752
TI  - Synthesis of no-carrier-added L- and D-[1-11C]-DOPA.
AB  - No-carrier-added DL-[1-11C]-DOPA has been synthesized by carboxylation of an
      alpha-lithioisocyanide with a radiochemical yield of up to 15% without correction
      for decay. The total synthesis time is 30 min. The resolution of the D- and L
      isomers was accomplished within 16 min by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase
      and a phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 as eluent.

PMID- 6421753
TI  - Complete extracorporeal removal of metabolic carbon dioxide by alkali
      administration and dialysis in apnea.
AB  - The high mortality rate of patients afflicted with adult respiratory distress
      syndrome (ARDS) may be due, in part, to the hemodynamic changes and the
      barotrauma accompanying mechanical ventilation, especially when high positive
      pressure and oxygen tension are used. Recent experimental evidence suggests that
      prognosis may be improved by suspending ventilation: in the apneic condition,
      oxygenation can be maintained by transalveolar oxygen diffusion, while
      extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R), achieved with membrane lungs,
      assures CO2 homeostasis. This technology, however, requires high blood flow
      rates, and is available only to very few specially equipped centers. We report
      results of experiments in dogs using an alternative approach to ECCO2R during
      apnea. Dissolved CO2 was converted to bicarbonate by the systemic infusion of
      NaOH at the rate of 0.15 mM/kg/min; the generated bicarbonate was then removed by
      hemodialysis against a bicarbonate-free dialysate, at a blood flow rate of 200
      ml/min. Sodium and fluid balance were maintained by ultrafiltration. Observations
      in five dogs confirm that systemic pCO2, TCO2, and pH can be maintained well
      within physiologic ranges, and that prolonged apnea followed by full recovery can
      be achieved with this methodology. Because of the wide availability of dialysis
      equipment and expertise, and of lower extracorporeal blood flow requirements,
      ECCO2R by alkali administration and hemodialysis offers a potentially attractive
      alternative approach to the use of membrane lungs in the apneic therapy of ARDS.

PMID- 6421754
TI  - A pyridoxylated polymerized hemoglobin solution as oxygen carrying substitute.

PMID- 6421755
TI  - Donor plasmapheresis and regional self sufficiency.

PMID- 6421756
TI  - TSH response to TRH in hemodialysis and CAPD patients.
AB  - The thyroid status was studied in 19 uremic patients (11 on HD and 8 on CAPD) and
      in a group of 17 healthy adult patients. In uremic patients T3 and T4 were
      significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) and rT3 was increased (p less than
      0.001). The time course TSH response to TRH showed a lower peak response (in 5
      patients it did not exceed 5 microU/ml) which on turn was also delayed (the peak
      was observed at 60 minutes in 63% of them). TSH concentrations in uremics were
      increased at 0 time (p less than 0.02), lower at 20 minutes (p less than 0.01)
      and increased at 120 minutes (p less than 0.02). No difference existed between HD
      and CAPD. The thyroid response to TSH was normal as showed by a normal percent
      increase over basal values of T3 concentrations at 120 minutes. Uremic patients
      also showed a peak GH response at 20 minutes which was not observed in controls.
      The data exclude the existence on a primary form of hypothyroidism and point to
      the existence of hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities, which should not be taken
      as indicative of secondary and/or tertiary hypothyroidism since FT4 values were
      normal in HD and increased in patients undergoing CAPD (p less than 0.05) who on
      turn showed lower plasma albumin concentrations (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6421757
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin: clinical use and efficacy.

PMID- 6421759
TI  - Blood group distribution in women with ovarian cancer.
AB  - The distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh factor was studied in 1930 patients
      treated at Radiumhemmet for ovarian tumour in the period 1958-1973. The tumour
      was malignant in 1732 cases and of borderline malignancy in 198. A predominance
      of blood group A at the expense of group O emerged when the series was compared
      with findings in 24 120 healthy conscripts. In the present series, the disparity
      between the frequencies of blood groups A and O appeared to increase the risk of
      ovarian carcinoma by 19%. The frequencies of blood groups among various
      histological subgroups are discussed.

PMID- 6421758
TI  - Circulatory effects of nitroglycerin ointment (Nitrong) with special reference to
      venous distensibility.
AB  - Nitroglycerin ointment (Nitrong 2%, 5 cm) and an identical placebo ointment were
      tested in a double-blind crossover study in five healthy volunteers to determine
      its influence on heart rate, blood pressure, and venous distensibility during
      supine rest and at 45 degrees tilt. Two hours after administration, a
      significantly higher venous distensibility was observed with the active ointment
      than with placebo. There were insignificant changes in heart rate and blood
      pressure. Three of the five subjects experienced headache for 6 h or more after
      active ointment.

PMID- 6421760
TI  - The evaluation of new services: possibilities for preventing congenital
      toxoplasmosis.
AB  - We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at
      preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological
      surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic
      treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring
      toxoplasma infection, through advice about special precautions regarding hygiene.
      Measuring the costs and benefits of prevention is complicated by uncertainty of
      the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom, the extent of
      its harmful manifestations--mental and visual handicap--and the effectiveness of
      preventive measures. Hence an important aspect of this study is that it
      exemplifies the use of 'sensitivity analysis' as an aid to evaluation in the
      absence of hard data. We find that a screening service would seem unlikely to
      save resources, but that a health education campaign would seem much more likely
      to do so and further assessment of its potential effectiveness would be valuable.

PMID- 6421761
TI  - Chain-length dependence for secondary structure formation of homo-oligopeptides
      from epsilon-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine with a lipophilic C-terminal group.
AB  - A solid-state and solution analysis of the homo-oligopeptides from epsilon-tert.
      butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine with p-oxymethylbenzylcholestan-3 beta-yl succinate as
      C-terminal group, using infrared absorption and circular dichroism, is described.
      The occurrence of intermolecular beta-structure is seen in the solid state and in
      solvents of low polarity, e.g. methylene chloride, for peptides of intermediate
      size (from pentamer to decamer). Conversely, the eicosapeptide exhibits a high
      percentage of alpha-helical structure both in the solid state and in 2,2,2
      trifluoroethanol. The influence of the C-terminal group on the conformational
      preferences of the epsilon-blocked homo-oligolysines in the solid state and in
      organic solvents appears negligible.

PMID- 6421762
TI  - Backbone side chain interactions in peptides. I. Crystal structures of model
      dipeptides with the Pro-Ser sequence.
AB  - The preferential occurrence of amino-acid residues having short polar side-chain
      within beta-folded regions of crystallized proteins suggests the existence of
      some stabilizing interaction involving the side polar function. Three model
      dipeptides tBuCO-L-Pro-L-Ser-NHMe 1, tBuCO-L-Pro-D-Ser-NHMe 2 in the pure
      enantiomeric a and racemic b forms, and iPrCO-L-Pro-D-Ser-OMe 3 have been
      investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. Homo and heterochiral
      sequences 1 and 2 are folded in the beta I and beta II types, respectively,
      whereas 3 obviously accommodates an open conformation. Besides the i + 3 leads to
      i hydrogen bond typical of beta-bends in 1, 2a, and 2b, the Ser NH group in all
      four crystal structures is a proton donor to the lone orbitals of the Ser O gamma
      oxygen atom. The result is that the disposition of the Ser C alpha--C beta bond
      corresponds to the rotamer III (chi 1 congruent to 60 degrees). As shown by the
      crystal structure of 3, the intra-Ser NH. . .O gamma hydrogen bonding is not
      restricted to beta-folded Pro-Ser sequences. Therefore, this interaction is not
      only a stabilizing factor for beta-turns but it is also probably responsible for
      the already mentioned stability of rotamer III for the Ser C alpha--C beta bond
      in peptides and protein.

PMID- 6421763
TI  - Backbone side chain interactions in peptides. II. Solution study of serine
      containing model dipeptides.
AB  - The high content of serine in beta-folded regions of proteins may be the
      consequence of some specific interaction between the peptide backbone and the
      hydroxyl group of the Ser side-chain. The resolution of the X-ray structures of
      three peptides with the Pro-Ser sequence protected on both ends by amide and/or
      ester functions indicates that the Ser NH bond is a proton donating group to the
      Ser O gamma atom in the solid state. The present study deals with spectroscopic
      investigations on five Ser-containing model dipeptides with the L-Pro-D-Ser 1, L
      Pro-L-Ser 2, L-Ala-L-Ser 3, L-Ser-L-Ala 4 and L-Ser-Gly 5 sequences protected on
      their N and C-termini by tBuCO and NHMe groups, respectively. The N--H. . .O
      gamma interaction found in the solid state of 1 and 2 is at least partly retained
      in solution and its occurrence in X-Ser sequences is fully compatible with beta
      folding. The same is not true for Ser-X sequences in which the competition
      between the typical beta-turn i + 3 leads to i hydrogen bond and the N--H . . . O
      gamma interaction results in lower contents of beta-folded conformers. Because of
      this latter interaction, the rotamer III (chi 1 congruent to 60 degrees) is the
      most frequent disposition of the Ser C alpha--C beta bond in all five
      derivatives.

PMID- 6421764
TI  - A comparative evaluation of the cognitive skills of the chimpanzee and the
      monkey.
AB  - A review of selected aspects of cognitive performance in apes and in monkeys
      suggests that only rarely can we at this time demonstrate greater cognitive
      competence in the ape than in the monkey. Instead it seems that the ape's
      cognitive style differs qualitatively from that of the monkey: not in the
      direction of greater capacity (using this term as a measure of continuously
      increasing ability), but in the way that the ape applies itself to a novel
      situation. From this it would follow that the greater discontinuity lies between
      man and apes, not between apes and monkeys.

PMID- 6421765
TI  - Effects of B2-deficiency on lipoperoxide and its scavenging system in the rat
      lens.
AB  - The level of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, glutathione reductase and hepatic B2
      was significantly decreased in rats fed a B2-deficient diet. The synthesis of
      ester forms of B2 was decreased more in the lenses of rats fed this diet for 8
      weeks than in those fed this diet for 4 weeks. The glutathione reductase activity
      in the lens decreased as the duration of a B2-deficient diet increased; this may
      be ascribable to a decrease in the formation in the lenticular riboflavin ester
      as a coenzyme. The level of lipid peroxides increased in the serum and lenses of
      rats on the B2-deficient diet, however, compared to the controls, the changes in
      the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase were not
      significant. Lenticular glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased
      significantly in rats fed the B2-deficient diet for 8 weeks. We suggest that B2
      deficiency brings about metabolic disorders in the redox system to maintain lens
      transparency, that lipoperoxide is accumulated, and that the efficiency of the
      scavenging system and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase are
      decreased.

PMID- 6421766
TI  - [Microbiological assay of pantothenic acid in rat liver using Tetrahymena].
AB  - Microbiological Assay of Pantothenic Acid in Rat Liver using Tetrahymena. The
      quantitative determination of total pantothenic acid in rat liver using
      Tetrahymena was carried out in the same way as a microbiological assay. The
      strain selected was Tetrahymena thermophila grown on rat liver. Inoculum was
      obtained from a commercial medium. The assay medium consisted of a dry powder to
      be rehydrated and heated to boiling, and then adjusted to pH 7. Liver pantothenic
      acid was extracted by autolysis. Tetrahymena use made one accustomed to a
      biological reagent easy to manipulate but with complex nutritional requirements.
      Consequently the organism should be more extensively used for nutritional or
      toxicological studies.

PMID- 6421767
TI  - Adoptive transfer of immunity to intraocular tumors in mice.
AB  - Allogeneic tumors, transplanted into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye, grow
      progressively and eventually kill the host. However, recipients that have been
      previously immunized to the alloantigens of the tumor are completely resistant to
      intracameral tumor challenge. In the present study the authors examined the role
      of specific immune effector elements in preventing, controlling, or eradicating
      tumors transplanted into the anterior chamber of murine eyes. The results show
      that specific antibody and specifically sensitized lymphoid cells are each
      capable of inducing the destruction of the intraocular tumor cells. However, the
      two effector modalities do so with differing effectiveness. Animals pretreated
      with specific antibody never develop signs of intraocular tumor growth. By
      contrast, mice pretreated with specifically sensitized lymphoid cells display
      transient tumor growth within the anterior chamber. The antitumor activity of
      specifically sensitized lymphoid cells was found to be due to constituent T
      lymphocytes. There existed a relatively narrow window of time, prior to or at the
      time of inoculation of tumor cells into the anterior chamber, when either type of
      immune effector modality was able to prevent intraocular tumor growth. Neither
      specific antibodies nor specifically sensitized lymphocytes were able to contain
      the growth of the intraocular tumors when given 4 days after tumor challenge.
      Thus, within a relatively short period of time after intracameral
      transplantation, tumor cells acquire "resistance" to specific immune host
      factors; as a consequence, the intraocular tumors are subsequently free to
      proliferate intracamerally without restraint.

PMID- 6421768
TI  - Proteoglycans in Bruch's membrane.

PMID- 6421769
TI  - Preclinical changes in weight of scrapie-infected mice as a function of scrapie
      agent-mouse strain combination.
AB  - Several inbred strains of mice were injected with different scrapie agents and
      their total body weight was monitored throughout the incubation period. As a
      control, mice were injected with normal mouse brain homogenate. For most
      combinations of scrapie agent and mouse strain, weights during the preclinical
      phase were similar to or lower than the average weight of controls. For some
      combinations there was a significant increase in weight (compared to controls)
      during the latter part of the preclinical phase of disease. The effect was
      dependent on both agent and mouse strain, i.e., in some cases a mouse strain
      showed the increase with one scrapie agent but not another and some scrapie
      agents caused the increase in one inbred strain of mouse but not in another
      strain. The increase in weight was due to accumulations of fat rather than a
      generalized increase in weight of various organs. With one mouse strain (SJL),
      there was increased vacuolation seen in the hypothalamus of mice injected with
      scrapie agents that showed the increase in weight compared to the lesion
      intensity with an agent which did not cause the weight increase.

PMID- 6421770
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid obtained after administration of three oral
      formulations to humans.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valproic acid (VPA) were compared in
      six healthy volunteers after oral administration of the drug as follows: 1 g in
      standard tablet form, 1 g in enteric-coated tablet form, and 0.8 g in gelatin
      capsule form. Following the administration of standard tablets, VPA
      concentrations reached a peak mean +/- SD of 105.4 +/- 9.0 micrograms/ml at 1 h
      and declined monoexponentially, with a terminal half-life of 14.9 +/- 2.4 h.
      Following the administration of the capsule, the serum concentration reached a
      peak of 82.1 +/- 14.8 micrograms/ml at 4 h. Following the administration of an
      enteric-coated tablet, there was an average time lag of 2 h with a delayed peak
      serum concentration of 93.5 +/- 13.1 micrograms/ml at 6 h. An identical terminal
      half-life of VPA was obtained for the three oral formulations. The
      bioavailability of the three VPA formulations was not significantly different,
      and it may be concluded that these formulations are bioequivalent.

PMID- 6421771
TI  - Protracted exposure to fallout: the Rongelap and Utirik experience.
AB  - From June 1946 to August 1958, the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Atomic
      Energy Commission (AEC) conducted nuclear weapons tests in the Northern Marshall
      Islands. On 1 March 1954, BRAVO, an above-ground test in the Castle series,
      produced high levels of radioactive material, some of which subsequently fell on
      Rongelap and Utirik Atolls due to an unexpected wind shift. On 3 March 1954, the
      inhabitants of these atolls were moved out of the affected area. They later
      returned to Utirik in June 1954 and to Rongelap in June 1957. Comprehensive
      environmental and personnel radiological monitoring programs were initiated in
      the mid 1950s by Brookhaven National Laboratory to ensure that body burdens of
      the exposed Marshallese subjects remained within AEC guidelines. Their body
      burden histories and calculated activity ingestion rate patterns post-return are
      presented along with estimates of internal committed effective dose equivalents.
      External exposure data are also included. In addition, relationships between body
      burden or urine-activity concentration and declining continuous intake were
      developed. The implications of these studies are: (1) the dietary intake of 137Cs
      was a major component contributing to the committed effective dose equivalent for
      the years after the initial contamination of the atolls; (2) for persons whose
      diet included fish, 65Zn was a major component of committed effective dose
      equivalent during the first years post-return; (3) a decline in the daily
      activity ingestion rate greater than that resulting from radioactive decay of the
      source was estimated for 137Cs, 65Zn, 90Sr and 60Co; (4) the relative impact of
      each nuclide on the estimate of committed effective dose equivalent was dependent
      upon the time interval between initial contamination and rehabilitation; and (5)
      the internal committed effective dose equivalent exceeded the external dose
      equivalent by a factor of 1.1 at Utirik and 1.5 at Rongelap during the
      rehabitation period. Few reliable 239Pu measurements on human excreta were made.
      An analysis of the tentative data leads to the conclusion that a reliable
      estimate of committed effective dose equivalent requires further research.

PMID- 6421772
TI  - Shielding hospital rooms for brachytherapy patients: design, regulatory and
      cost/benefit factors.
AB  - The current regulations of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) normally
      require limitation of radiation exposure in any part of unrestricted occupied
      areas to 2 mrem in any one hour and to 100 mrem in 7 days. To meet these limits
      when patients are treated therapeutically with radioactive materials, it is
      advisable to designate specific rooms in a hospital and often necessary to
      incorporate substantial costly shielding into one or more walls and the room
      door. Plans have been formulated for shielding existing hospital rooms housing
      brachytherapy patients receiving 192Ir and 137Cs therapy in order to meet the
      above NRC requirements for adjacent corridors and rooms. Typical shielding
      thicknesses required are 4-6 in. of concrete for certain walls and 1/4 in. of
      lead in the doors. Shielding costs are approx. $6000 per room for one shielded
      wall and a shielded door. Applying recent estimates of the cancer risk from low
      level gamma radiation, the cost of shielding per cancer fatality averted has been
      estimated to range from $1.8 million to $10.9 million. Cost/benefit comparisons
      with many other life-saving activities suggest that these costs and the
      application of the 2 mrem/hr limit which necessitated them are not justified.

PMID- 6421773
TI  - Hemoglobin Collingwood beta 60 (E4) Val replaced by Ala. A new unstable
      hemoglobin.
AB  - Hemoglobin Collingwood is a new unstable hemoglobin variant arising from the
      substitution of the internal valine at position beta 60 (E4) by alanine. The
      variant retains normal oxygen binding characteristics and is not associated with
      clinical symptoms, though there is evidence suggesting increased red cell
      turnover.

PMID- 6421774
TI  - Desiccation tolerance of the adipose60 mutant of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6421775
TI  - Suppression of the semidominant suppressor of black by rudimentary mutants in
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6421776
TI  - The genetical response to natural selection by varied environments. II.
      Observations on replicate populations in spatially varied laboratory
      environments.
AB  - From each of two populations of Drosophila melanogaster, collected two months
      previously, from Chateau Tahbilk, S. Australia and Groningen, The Netherlands,
      duplicate populations were initiated in each of four environments which differed
      in their degree of environmental heterogeneity. Differing combinations of three
      food media based on oatmeal/treacle, potato or fig were used to simulate levels
      of environmental heterogeneity within the populations. The polymorphic loci, Adh,
      Est-6, G-6pdh, alpha-Gpdh, Pgm, Lap-D and Aph in both the Chateau Tahbilk and
      Groningen derived populations and 6Pgdh, which was only polymorphic in the
      populations which came from Chateau Tahbilk, were monitored in the experiment.
      The populations maintained a size of about 2500 adults and were sampled after 16
      and 32 generations. Large changes of phenotype frequency were shown by all loci.
      Despite a frequent divergence of phenotype frequencies between duplicate cages,
      systematic effects of occasion and environment were present and allele
      frequencies at many loci were shown to be changing at a faster rate than could be
      due to random genetic drift. Genetic heterozygosity differed between environments
      but was not positively correlated with degree of environmental heterogeneity.

PMID- 6421777
TI  - Loss of antibody binding to prefixed cells: fixation parameters for
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The denaturing effects of various types of fixative solutions on 5 cell surface
      antigens on mouse T-lymphocytes (Thy-1, T-200, Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and Th-B) were
      studied. For this purpose, cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde,
      glutaraldehyde, acrolein and osmium tetroxide at various concentrations. Fixed
      cells were then incubated with monoclonal antibodies and appropriate second stage
      antibodies or conjugates. The degree of antibody binding to these cells was
      determined quantitatively using flow-cytometry with a fluorescence-activated cell
      sorter or with a semi-automatic micro-ELISA system. The data obtained indicate
      that paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde preserve all five tested antigen
      molecules, whereas antibody binding to cells fixed in acrolein and osmium
      tetroxide is rapidly reduced at increasing concentrations of the fixative. The
      optimal concentration of paraformaldehyde is in the range 0.5-1%, whereas
      glutaraldehyde should be used at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1%. Cells
      fixed with 0.5% paraformaldehyde or with 0.05% glutaraldehyde are stable and can
      be stored for at least one week prior to incubation with antibodies.

PMID- 6421778
TI  - The effect of enteral nutritional support on skeletal muscle protein synthesis
      and whole-body protein turnover in fasted surgical patients.
AB  - Whole-body and muscle protein turnover have been studied in surgical patients,
      before abdominal surgery after an 18-h fast, using infusion of 1-[13C]leucine.
      Four patients received an unmodified hospital diet and four received extra
      nutritional support (1800 kcal, 70 g protein) by naso-jejunal tube for 7-10 d
      previously. In patients who received nutritional support there were significantly
      greater values of whole-body protein synthesis (+42 per cent, P less than 0.05)
      and breakdown (+45 per cent, P less than 0.01) and muscle protein synthesis (+36
      per cent, P less than 0.05) than in those who received the unmodified hospital
      diet.

PMID- 6421779
TI  - Expression of HLA-DR alloantigens on acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoblasts.
AB  - We have described the expression of HLA-DR alloantigens on the surface of
      lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The patient
      groups included 49 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients (15 common ALL
      [CALLA +]; 11 "Null" ALL [CALLA-]; 19 T-Cell ALL; 4 Pre-B ALL, and one patient
      with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Thirty one of these patients, who exhibited Ia
      like antigens demonstrable by monoclonal antibodies, expressed HLA-DR utilizing
      alloantisera to Class II histocompatibility alloantigens (25/26 non-T-ALL; 2/4
      Pre-B ALL; 3/19 T-ALL, and one HCL). The expression of HLA-DR on lymphoblasts was
      confirmed by family studies of five patients, indicating that ALL lymphoblasts
      can be used to perform HLA-DR phenotyping or genotyping of such patients. Another
      important finding was the coexpression on T-cell ALL lymphoblasts of markers for
      T-helper, T-supressor/cytotoxic, and thymic differentiation marker T6, together
      with Ia-like and HLA-DR, in one patient, and markers for T-helper, T6, and CALLA
      in another patient.

PMID- 6421780
TI  - Human paleontological evidence relevant to language behavior.
AB  - The paleoneurological evidence for human language origins and other cognitive
      activities is tantalizing, but uncertain given the often incomplete, fragmented,
      and eroded cranial portions of our fossil ancestors. Nevertheless, both the Taung
      and A.L. 162-28 endocranial portions, attributed to the earliest-known hominids
      (i.e. Australopithecus afarensis and africanus) evidence some cerebral
      organization beyond a typical pongid pattern, in that there appears to be a
      reduction in primary visual striate cortex, and thereby a relative increase in
      posterior and inferior parietal cortex. At 1.8-2.0 million years, there is clear
      fossil evidence for a Homo lineage showing a more modern and enlarged third
      inferior frontal convolution, expanded brain size (e.g., 750+ ml), and strong
      cerebral asymmetries identical to those known for modern Homo sapiens. Additional
      evidence of sexual dimorphism in the modern human corpus callosum, in which the
      posterior splenial portion is larger in females, taken in conjunction with known
      clinical and psychological evidence relating to cognitive task specialization,
      suggests that this dimorphism represents a biological heritage from past
      selection pressures for a dichotomous but complemental social behavioral set of
      adaptations to favor a division of sexual labors compatible with nurturing
      offspring with delayed maturation, prolonged growth, and a longer period of
      postnatal neural plasticity.

PMID- 6421781
TI  - Overview of hemophilia.

PMID- 6421782
TI  - Experience with remote afterloading technique in intracavitary therapy.
AB  - A low dose rate (40 to 100 cGy per hr) remote afterloading intracavitary therapy
      unit was evaluated in a clinical environment. 50 patients were treated It was
      found that this device is indeed an effective means to reduce personnel radiation
      exposure, especially to those who are performing bed-side care for these
      patients. However, it was also found that these treatments will be interrupted
      about 1.5 times per hr, and the overall treatment time can be prolonged by 10 to
      50%. Whether this may introduce any difference in biological effect is
      questionable. Using an upper limit value for alpha j, the cost-benefit analysis
      shows that at best, this method is only marginally justifiable.

PMID- 6421783
TI  - Local control of osteogenic sarcoma by radiation and chemotherapy.
AB  - Sixteen patients with osteogenic sarcoma of limbs were treated with high dose
      methotrexate followed by leucovorin rescue, adriamycin and radiotherapy to the
      primary tumor. A post-treatment surgical biopsy was performed in 15 of the 16
      patients. In 12 of 15 patients (80%), the follow-up biopsy was negative for
      active tumor. Complications of treatment were myelosuppression (16 cases), moist
      desquamation (13 cases), soft tissue necrosis (2 cases) local infection (2
      cases), fibrosis (9 cases) and bone fracture (4 cases). The mean survival time in
      this group of patients was 712 days.

PMID- 6421785
TI  - Radiotherapy of brain tumors in dogs.
AB  - Brain tumors in 4 dogs were treated with external beam, megavoltage radiation. X
      ray computed tomography was used to localize and characterize brain tumors and to
      assess treatment response. Total radiation doses were 3,000 or 3,600 rad, given
      in 5 or 6 fractions over 14 to 19 days. Complete tumor regression, as determined
      from computed tomography scans, improvement in clinical signs, and reduction in
      medication, were documented in all irradiated dogs. The median survival time for
      irradiated dogs was 322 days, which was significantly (P less than 0.05) longer
      than the median survival time of 56 days in 8 dogs with brain tumors treated
      symptomatically. The one-year survival rate for the irradiated dogs, after
      correcting for deaths from intercurrent disease, was 100%. It was concluded that
      canine brain tumors may be treated effectively by use of megavoltage radiation.

PMID- 6421784
TI  - Usefulness of postoperative hip irradiation in the prevention of heterotopic bone
      formation in a high risk group of patients.
AB  - Heterotopic ossification is a complication of total hip arthroplasty in 14 to 30%
      of patients. Significant functional impairment will occur in up to 28% of
      patients with ectopic bone. The high risk group includes those with preexisting
      heterotopic bone in either hip, those suffering from hypertrophic osteoarthritis
      or ankylosing spondylitis and patients who have had multiple procedures on the
      hip. Fifty-eight patients (67 hips) were irradiated after surgical removal of
      ectopic bone (53 hips) or received radiation prophylaxis of heterotopic
      ossification (14 hips). Ninety-five percent of patients had either no bone
      visible or insignificant amounts of ectopic bone visible on postoperative hip X
      rays. Only 5% of patients showed significant persistence of ectopic bone.
      Postoperative hip function was dramatically improved compared to preoperative
      function in all patients treated. The importance of early commencement of
      irradiation is emphasized.

PMID- 6421786
TI  - Cutaneous botryomycosis (bacterial granulomas) in dairy cows caused by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6421787
TI  - Carriers of equine infectious anemia virus.
AB  - Presently available data continue to support the idea that once a horse is
      infected with equine infectious anemia virus it remains infected indefinitely.
      Infection may not always be demonstrated by inoculation of plasma, serum, or
      whole blood transfusions into susceptible recipients, but transfusions of fresh
      whole blood will be infective in at least 95% of the horses testing positive in
      the agar gel immunodiffusion test. For detection of infectivity in a small
      percentage of inapparent carriers, it appears necessary to inoculate washed
      leukocytes collected over a period of time.

PMID- 6421788
TI  - Standardization of the equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test and its
      application to the control of the disease in the United States.
AB  - In 1972 the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) established requirements that
      horses which had immunodiffusion antibody against equine infectious anemia could
      not be transported interstate. Forty-two states had regulations requiring that
      horses have a negative equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test before
      movement. In order to standardize immunodiffusion testing, it was stipulated in
      the 1972 regulations that tests must be performed in approved laboratories. The
      approved laboratories were required to have personnel trained in the
      immunodiffusion test procedure, to follow the standard protocol, to use licensed
      reagents, successfully complete proficiency tests, and to report results to
      federal or state animal health officials. The number of approved laboratories was
      160 in June 1983. The number of immunodiffusion tests performed in the United
      States increased from 82,777 in 1972 to 793,536 in 1977, and has remained at
      about that level. The percentage of positive samples has decreased from 3.9 in
      1972 to 0.6 in 1982. Due to the laboratory standardization program, the
      reproducibility of test results has been excellent.

PMID- 6421789
TI  - A macrocyclic antibiotic M-230B produced by Myxococcus xanthus. Isolation and
      characterization.
AB  - Myxococcus xanthus strain M516E produced at least three related antibiotics
      against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. From physico-chemical
      properties, a main component was identical to myxovirescin A and a second
      component, designated M-230B was found to be an antibiotic which is closely
      related to myxovirescin A. The structure of M-230B was determined from its
      physico-chemical properties, especially from 13C NMR spectrum as compared with
      that of myxovirescin A. The addition of alcohol, such as isobutyl alcohol, to the
      culture medium markedly stimulated production of the antibiotics.

PMID- 6421790
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of ravidomycin (AY-25,545).

PMID- 6421791
TI  - Evaluation of amino acids, B vitamins and butylated hydroxyanisole as protective
      agents against pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in rats.
AB  - Supplementation of the diets of rats with branched chain amino acids (BCAA:
      leucine, isoleucine, valine) did not alter their susceptibility to chronic
      poisoning by tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), which contains hepatotoxic
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Phenobarbital in the diet, which alters liver
      microsomal enzyme activity, also did not alter susceptibility to PA poisoning. A
      combination of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), cysteine and BCAA did increase (P
      less than .05) survival time of rats fed tansy ragwort. Dietary BHA and cysteine
      increased the survival time of rats injected with the PA monocrotaline, with
      evidence that addition of vitamin B12 and folic acid improved the effectiveness
      of this treatment. In a chronic feeding trial with tansy ragwort, a combination
      of BHA and cysteine increased (P less than .05) the survival times of rats,
      showing protective activity against PA poisoning. A mixture of B-complex
      vitamins, or vitamin B12-folic acid, was not effective in improving the response.

PMID- 6421792
TI  - Effects of placement of intravaginal sponges on LH, FSH, estrus and ovarian
      activity in mares during the nonbreeding season.
AB  - Eight seasonally anestrous mares were administered intravaginal polyurethane
      sponges on December 15 and then weekly thereafter until February 1. Control mares
      received no sponges or genital contact. Sponge insertion caused an immediate
      surge in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations in jugular plasma in
      50% of treated mares whereas no control mares had surges in FSH (P less than
      .05). The effect of treatment on luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations was much
      less dramatic and only three treated mares appeared to have positive responses.
      Sponge-treated mares exhibited positive responses in FSH concentrations 11 times
      out of 32 mare-days and control mares zero out of 28 (P less than .05). The
      magnitude of the FSH response decreased rapidly with successive responses. Sponge
      insertion induced estrus in four of eight treated mares; no control mares
      exhibited estrus (P less than .05). Sponge insertion also increased ovarian size
      and the incidence of large follicles. When all mares were fed altrenogest for 14
      d beginning February 1, there was no beneficial effect of sponge treatment on
      number of mares exhibiting estrus or on pregnancy rate. These data confirm
      earlier speculations that sponge treatment causes surges in gonadotropins and
      increased ovarian size in approximately 50% of anestrous mares. However, sponge
      treatment does not appear to provide a practical means of preparing mares for
      progestogen synchronization during the nonbreeding season.

PMID- 6421793
TI  - Activity of imipenem on aerobic bacteria.
AB  - Imipenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity on Gram
      positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is a potent inhibitor of plasmid- and
      chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate
      the in vitro activity of imipenem on clinical isolates classified according to
      their susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. On penicillin G-susceptible
      bacteria, imipenem is comparable to penicillin. On streptococci, pneumococci,
      Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria the MICs were 0.02 to 0.06 mg/l. On gonococci,
      MICs were 0.04 to 0.25 mg/l. Gram-negative bacteria susceptible to beta-lactam
      antibiotics or naturally resistant to certain of them (e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae
      resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin) were highly susceptible to imipenem
      with MICs from 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l. It was slightly less active on Haemophilus
      influenzae, compared to ampicillin. On beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, imipenem
      maintained a remarkable activity. For penicillin-resistant pneumococci (MIC 16
      mg/l) the imipenem MIC was 1 mg/l. Imipenem was equally effective on beta
      lactamase-producing and non-producing Haemophilus influenzae and gonococci. Among
      12 Nocardia asteroides tested, 11 had MIC less than 1 mg/l. When tested at 30
      degrees, the MIC of imipenem for oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ranged
      from 8 to 64 mg/l in contrast to 0.03 to 0.06 mg/l for oxacillin-sensitive
      isolates. Eighteen strains of enterococci (17 faecium, 2 faecalis) resistant to
      ampicillin (MIC 128 mg/l) were more resistant to imipenem (MIC 16 to 256 mg/l).
      Imipenem was very active on beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria,
      including multiply-resistant Salmonella typhi., with MICs in a range from 0.06 to
      4 mg/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421794
TI  - Imipenem therapy of experimental Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis
      endocarditis.
AB  - Imipenem was very active in vitro against 36 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from
      cases of infective endocarditis; the MBC90 was 0.06 mg/l (four- to eight-fold
      more active than nafcillin). The in-vitro activity of imipenem against 22
      Streptococcus faecalis isolates from proven endocarditis cases was similar to
      that of penicillin G (MBC90 = 8 mg/l). Imipenem was compared with nafcillin and
      with penicillin plus gentamicin in the therapy of experimental endocarditis
      induced in rabbits by Staph. aureus and Str. faecalis, respectively. The dosages
      were chosen to simulate closely serum antibiotic concentrations found in humans
      receiving standard parenteral regimens. Imipenem was more rapidly bactericidal
      than nafcillin in experimental staphylococcal endocarditis. The mean +/- S.D.
      Staph. aureus concentrations within aortic valve vegetations (log10 cfu/g) after
      5 days of therapy were as follows: imipenem = 1.39 +/- 0.61 versus nafcillin 2.39
      +/- 0.36 (P less than 0.02). Both the imipenem and nafcillin regimens resulted in
      'sterile' vegetations in congruent to 50% of rabbits with experimental
      staphylococcal endocarditis after 5 days of therapy (P greater than 0.05).
      Imipenem was also equivalent to penicillin plus gentamicin in the therapy of
      experimental enterococcal endocarditis for 5 days, as assessed by the mean cfu/g
      vegetation and the percentage of vegetations rendered sterile. However, 7 days of
      therapy cured experimental enterococcal endocarditis in 72% of rabbits receiving
      penicillin plus gentamicin versus 20% for imipenem alone (P less than 0.05).
      Imipenem deserves further evaluation in the therapy of infective endocarditis,
      both in experimental animal models of infection and in humans. This agent may
      prove useful in the therapy of staphylococcal endocarditis in a variety of
      difficult clinical situations. Therapy of enterococcal endocarditis with imipenem
      alone is not advisable, pending further data.

PMID- 6421795
TI  - Analyst performance with aflatoxin methods as determined from AOCS Smalley Check
      Sample Program: short-term and long-term views.
AB  - The International Smalley Aflatoxin Check Sample Program of the American Oil
      Chemists' Society has offered check sample series for aflatoxins in peanut meal,
      cottonseed meal, and corn meal since 1976, and an aflatoxin M in raw milk series
      since 1980. This paper provides the computed mean of all analysts' results and
      between-laboratory precision for each of the samples in each of the check sample
      series distributed in 1980-81 and 1981-82. In addition, a comparison is made of
      the relative measurement and analytical accuracy of those analysts who have
      participated in the peanut meal series for at least 4 years and in the cottonseed
      and corn meal series since their inception (6 years). For this comparison, each
      analyst's result for each sample was calculated as a percent of the mean for all
      analysts for that sample; these values were then averaged for each analyst over
      all the meal samples in all the series for each meal type in which the analyst
      had participated, to obtain an overall measure of analytical accuracy. A similar
      calculation was made using the reported results for the defined solution of
      aflatoxins included in each series, to obtain an overall measure of measurement
      accuracy. An evaluation of the meal series results for the past 2 seasons shows
      an overall within-laboratory precision in the range reported for the
      collaborative studies by which the methods were validated; the between-laboratory
      precision, although improved over past years, is still far from the collaborative
      study range. The precision data for the aflatoxin solution included in each
      series indicate this bias could be related, in large part, to the reference
      standards used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421796
TI  - Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk by liquid chromatography with fluorescence
      detection.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is proposed for the determination of
      aflatoxin M1 in milk. The method was successfully applied to both liquid whole
      and skim milk and also whole and skim milk powder. The samples are initially
      extracted with acetonitrile-water followed by purification using a silica gel
      cartridge and a C18 cartridge. Final analysis by LC was achieved using a radial
      compression module equipped with a 5 micron C18 column and a fluorescence
      detector. The method was successfully applied to samples at levels of 10 to 0.08
      ppb added aflatoxin M1 with recoveries in the range of 70-98%.

PMID- 6421797
TI  - Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in diabetes.

PMID- 6421798
TI  - Interspecies transduction of plasmids among Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B.
      thuringiensis.
AB  - Bacteriophage CP-51, a generalized transducing phage for Bacillus anthracis, B.
      cereus, and B. thuringiensis, mediates transduction of plasmid DNA. B. cereus GP7
      harbors the 2.8-megadalton multicopy tetracycline resistance plasmid, pBC16. B.
      thuringiensis 4D11A carries pC194, the 1.8-megadalton multicopy chloramphenicol
      resistance plasmid. When phage CP-51 was propagated on these strains, it
      transferred the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistances to the nonvirulent
      Weybridge (Sterne) strain of B. anthracis, to B. cereus 569, and to strains of
      several B. thuringiensis subspecies. The frequency of transfer was as high as 10(
      5) transductants per PFU. Tetracycline-resistant and chloramphenicol-resistant
      transductants contained newly acquired plasmid DNA having the same molecular
      weight as that contained in the donor strain. Antibiotic-resistant transductants
      derived from any of the three species were effective donors of plasmids to
      recipients from all three species.

PMID- 6421799
TI  - Transformation in Bacillus subtilis: a 75,000-dalton protein complex is involved
      in binding and entry of donor DNA.
AB  - A 75,000-dalton protein complex involved in DNA binding during transformation was
      purified from membranes of competent Bacillus subtilis cells. Previous results
      (Smith et al., J. Bacteriol. 156:101-108, 1983) showed that the complex contained
      two polypeptides, polypeptide a (molecular weight, 18,000; isoelectric point,
      5.0) and polypeptide b (molecular weight, 17,000; isoelectric point, 4.7) in
      approximately equal amounts. In the present experiments the two polypeptides were
      extracted from two-dimensional gels and studied separately and in combination
      with respect to DNA binding and nuclease activities. For DNA binding the
      interaction of both polypeptides was required. DNA binding occurred efficiently
      in the presence of EDTA. Nuclease activity was restricted to polypeptide b. The
      nucleolytic properties of b were identical to those of the native 75,000-dalton
      complex. Polypeptide a affected b by reducing its nuclease activity. Analysis of
      the nuclease subunit b on DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels revealed nuclease
      activities at four different molecular weight positions. These activities were
      identical to the major competence-specific nuclease activities which were
      previously implicated in the entry of donor DNA during transformation (Mulder and
      Venema, J. Bacteriol. 152:166-174, 1982). These results indicate that the 75,000
      dalton protein complex is composed of two different competence-specific
      polypeptides involved in both binding and entry of donor DNA. The possible roles
      of the two polypeptides in the transformation of B. subtilis are discussed.

PMID- 6421800
TI  - Involvement of envelope-bound calcium in the transient depolarization of the
      Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane induced by bacteriophage T4 and T5
      adsorption.
AB  - We previously showed that adsorption of bacteriophages T4 and T5 to their
      respective outer membrane receptors induced a partial depolarization of the
      cytoplasmic membrane. As these membrane potential changes were independent of
      phage properties, we proposed that phage adsorption triggered the emission of a
      signal which must be transmitted between the two membranes. We show here that
      these two phages use different mechanisms of transmission of this stimulation
      signal. In the case of T4, but not of T5, a specific requirement for envelope
      bound calcium was found. Indeed, addition of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl
      ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid prevented the membrane potential changes
      induced by T4. This envelope-bound calcium became accessible to the chelator only
      as a consequence of phage adsorption and remained in this state during the
      depolarization and repolarization. Membrane potential changes again occurred if
      calcium was added after the addition of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl
      ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and phage. The same concentration (300 microM)
      of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
      prevented the T4-induced depolarization between multiplicities of infection of 6
      and 30. This suggests that phage adsorption triggers both a conformational change
      of membrane components, the number of which reflects the number of stimuli
      (phages), and the liberation of a definite amount of calcium. This liberated
      calcium would, in turn, activate these modified membrane components to induce the
      depolarization. The fact that depolarization may be induced several times after a
      unique adsorption implies that these membrane components remain irreversibly
      modified.

PMID- 6421801
TI  - Dual control of a common L-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase by L-fucose and L
      rhamnose in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli on L-fucose or L-rhamnose as the sole source
      of carbon and energy depends on the regeneration of NAD from NADH by disposing
      the intermediate L-lactaldehyde as L-1,2-propanediol. The two parallel pathways,
      with their own permeases and enzymes encoded by two widely separated gene
      clusters, appear to share a single enzyme that catalyzes the formation of L-1,2
      propanediol. Although this oxidoreductase is encoded by a gene at the fuc locus,
      the enzyme is inducible by both L-fucose and L-rhamnose. The inducibility by L
      rhamnose is controlled by a gene at the rha locus with no other known functions,
      since the aerobic growth rate on L-rhamnose remains normal. L-1,2-Propanediol
      oxidoreductase activity is inducible only anaerobically, and the effect of the
      two methylpentoses operates at different levels: L-fucose exerts its influence
      post-transcriptionally; L-rhamnose exerts its influence transcriptionally.

PMID- 6421802
TI  - Expression of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis small acid-soluble spore
      protein genes during stationary-phase growth of asporogenous B. subtilis mutants.
AB  - The small acid-soluble spore proteins alpha and beta were not detected during
      stationary-phase growth of asporogenous Bacillus subtilis mutants blocked in
      stages 0, II, or III, but mutants blocked in stages IV or V accumulated nearly
      wild-type levels of these small acid-soluble spore proteins. Similar results were
      obtained when production of Bacillus megaterium C protein (also a small acid
      soluble spore protein), as well as alpha and beta, were monitored in these
      mutants containing a recombinant plasmid carrying the B. megaterium C protein
      gene. The only exception was a spo0H mutant which synthesized a small amount of C
      protein, but no alpha or beta.

PMID- 6421803
TI  - Isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants pleiotropically insensitive to glucose
      catabolite repression.
AB  - A pleiotropic mutant of Bacillus subtilis was isolated which overproduced in the
      presence of glucose several enzymes whose synthesis is subject to glucose
      catabolite repression. Examination of intracellular metabolites suggested that
      the mutation may have resulted in a defect in glycolysis, increasing
      phosphoenolpyruvate and decreasing pyruvate, 2-ketoglutarate, and oxaloacetate.

PMID- 6421804
TI  - Manic pseudodementia: case report.
AB  - The case of a 48-year-old woman hospitalized with a diagnosis of organic brain
      syndrome and later diagnosed as manic-depressive is presented to illustrate the
      occurrence of pseudodementia in bipolar illness. The patient's cognitive
      impairments and their response to lithium carbonate treatment were documented by
      clinical observation and neuropsychologic testing. This case raises the
      possibility that a preexisting subclinical neurologic disorder may contribute to
      the presentation of functional psychiatric illness as pseudodementia.

PMID- 6421805
TI  - Arthritis associated with lithium toxicity: case report.
AB  - A 33-year-old man developed transient polyarthritis associated with lithium
      toxicity. The arthritic symptoms resolved after lithium was discontinued. A link
      between lithium, autoimmune mechanisms, and arthritis is postulated.

PMID- 6421806
TI  - Schizo-affective disorder: diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 6421807
TI  - Enzymatic conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to the pyrimidodiazepine
      intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of the drosopterins in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - The compound 2-amino-4-oxo-6-acetyl-7,8-dihydro-3H,9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]
      [1,4]diazepine (pyrimidodiazepine or PDA, for short) is a precursor of the red
      eye pigments called the drosopterins in Drosophila melanogaster. The precursor of
      PDA is 2-amino-4-oxo-6-(D-erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydrop
      teridine triphosphate (dihydroneopterin triphosphate or H2-NTP). The synthesis of
      of PDA from H2-NTP requires reduced glutathione, another thiol such as 2
      mercaptoethanol, Mg2+, and at least three enzymes: one that is missing in the eye
      color mutant, sepia; one that is present only in limited quantities in the
      mutant, clot; and a third one that has been described as sepiapterin synthase A.
      The last enzyme is present only in relatively small quantities in the mutant,
      purple. Because PDA is two electrons more reduced than H2-NTP, it would appear
      that the reducing power needed for this transformation is probably supplied by
      glutathione. Oxidized glutathione cannot replace reduced glutathione in the
      system. The yield of PDA produced enzymatically from H2-NTP can be as high as 40%
      under optimal conditions.

PMID- 6421808
TI  - Insulin action in denervated rat hemidiaphragms. Decreased hormonal stimulation
      of glycogen synthesis involves both glycogen synthase and glucose transport.
AB  - Rat hemidiaphragms were denervated in vivo and then incubated in vitro to assess
      the ability of insulin to stimulate glycogen synthesis. Denervation for 1 day
      resulted in 50% decreases in the stimulation by insulin of [U-14C]glucose
      incorporation into glycogen, and in both the basal and the insulin-stimulated
      activity ratios (activity minus glucose-6-P/activity plus glucose-6-P) of
      glycogen synthase; however, the stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by insulin
      was not affected by 1 day of denervation. The hormonal stimulation of [U
      14C]glucose into glycogen was decreased by 90% after 3 days of denervation. At
      this time, the stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by insulin was also reduced
      and the synthase activity ratios remained depressed. Consistent with its reduced
      effect on glucose transport, the hormone did not increase glucose-6-P in the 3
      day denervated muscles. Furthermore, the Ka for activation of glycogen synthase
      by glucose-6-P was higher in denervated muscles, and denervation abolished the
      effect of insulin on decreasing the Ka. The results presented demonstrate that
      denervation rapidly reduces the extent to which glycogen synthase can be
      activated by insulin, and has a later effect on decreasing the stimulation of
      glucose transport. These two effects act synergistically to markedly decrease the
      hormonal stimulation of glycogen synthesis.

PMID- 6421809
TI  - Omega-hydroxylation of 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid in human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Incubation of arachidonic acid or 12-Ls-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
      with suspensions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes led to the formation of 12
      Ls,20-dihydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. The structure of the new
      metabolite was by physical methods and by chemical degradation.

PMID- 6421810
TI  - Effect of a zwitterionic detergent on the state of aggregation and catalytic
      activity of cytochrome P-450LM2 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.
AB  - The zwitterionic detergent 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio-1
      propanesulfonate (CHAPS) supports reconstituted cyclohexane hydroxylase activity
      of cytochrome P-450LM2 and NADPH-cytochrome reductase purified from phenobarbital
      induced rabbit liver. Maximum activity (approximately 50% of that with
      phospholipid) was observed at 2 mM CHAPS. Inhibition took place at higher CHAPS,
      until at 20 mM CHAPS, no cyclohexane hydroxylase activity was observed. There was
      little denaturation of the two enzymes under these conditions. At 2 mM CHAPS, P
      450LM2 was pentameric (Mr = 250,000) and reductase was dimeric (Mr = 139,500) by
      sedimentation equilibrium. P-450 was monomeric in 20 mM CHAPS. In addition, a
      stable complex between the two enzymes was not detected under conditions of
      maximum activity, even in the presence of saturating substrate. This confirms our
      previous conclusion that a stable complex between cytochrome P-450LM2 and NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase is not a prerequisite for reconstituted xenobiotic
      hydroxylation (Dean, W. L., and Gray, R. D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14679
      14685). Difference spectra of ferric P-450LM2 revealed that below 5 mM CHAPS, the
      high spin form of the cytochrome was slightly stabilized, while higher CHAPS
      levels stabilized the low spin form. Monomeric P-450LM2 formed with 20 mM CHAPS
      catalyzed the hydroxylation of toluene by cumene hydroperoxide. Thus, the reason
      that monomeric cytochrome P-450LM2 was inactive in NADPH-supported hydroxylation
      may either be because the bound detergent blocked productive interaction of the
      cytochrome with reductase or the monomer may be intrinsically incapable of
      interaction with reductase.

PMID- 6421811
TI  - Coenzyme A-mediated arachidonic acid transacylation in human platelets.
AB  - Platelet membranes contain two distinct transacylase activities catalyzing the
      synthesis of arachidonoyl phosphatides by acylation of added lysophosphatides
      with endogenous esterified arachidonate. In the absence of CoA, arachidonate is
      incorporated only into ethanolamine lysophosphatides with a high preference for
      the plasmalogen form (Kramer, R. M., and Deykin, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      13806-13811). In the presence of CoA, however, lysophospholipids are acylated in
      the order 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine greater than 1-acyl
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine greater than 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylinositol. The
      CoA-mediated transacylation reaction was characterized with 1-acyl
      lysophosphatidylserine as acyl acceptor. It was highly specific for arachidonate
      and preferentially used phosphatidylcholine as the arachidonoyl donor. This
      enzymatic pathway may be part of a deacylation-transacylation cycle for
      remodeling of phospholipids synthesized de novo (according to the Lands pathway)
      representing a mechanism for enrichment of phospholipids with arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6421812
TI  - Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study on microsomal NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase.
AB  - Sedimentation equilibrium experiments with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase
      showed that increasing 1-O-n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside levels promoted
      disaggregation of the flavoprotein. The reductase was monomeric at a molar ratio
      of detergent to protein above 10(3). Addition of N3-carboxymethyllumiflavin to
      the flavoprotein in the presence of 1-O-n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside results in
      photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) signals in the
      aromatic region. The CIDNP spectrum of the holoprotein shows sharp resonances due
      to histidine residues. On removal of FMN from the protein, CIDNP signals
      originating from a tyrosine residue appeared, suggesting that the tyrosine
      residue is exposed to solvent after the depletion of FMN. However, this tyrosine
      residue appears to become inaccessible to the external dye after full incubation
      of FMN-depleted reductase with FMN. This suggests that the tyrosine residue could
      be located in the vicinity of the FMN-binding domain which constitutes the active
      center of the reductase.

PMID- 6421813
TI  - Carboxyl methylation of cytosolic proteins in intact human erythrocytes.
      Identification of numerous methyl-accepting proteins including hemoglobin and
      carbonic anhydrase.
AB  - Intact human erythrocytes incubated with L-[methyl-3H]methionine incorporated
      radioactivity into base-labile linkages with membrane and cytosolic proteins
      which are characteristic of protein methyl esters. Kinetic analysis of the
      methylation reactions in intact cells shows that individual erythrocytes contain
      approximately 38,000 and 115,000 protein methyl esters with biological half-lives
      of 150 min or less in the membrane and cytosolic protein fractions, respectively.
      Fractionation of the methylated cytosolic species by gel filtration
      chromatography at pH 6.5 followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis
      at pH 2.4 reveals that many different cytosolic proteins serve as methyl
      acceptors and that the degree of modification varies widely for individual
      proteins. For example, hemoglobin is modified to the extent of 3 methyl
      groups/10(6) polypeptide chains, while carbonic anhydrase contains 1 methyl
      group/approximately 16,500 polypeptide chains at steady state. Aspartic acid beta
      [3H]methyl ester (Asp beta-[3H]Me) can be isolated from carboxypeptidase Y
      digests of cytosol proteins. By synthesizing and separating diastereomeric L-Leu
      L-Asp beta Me and L-Leu-D-Asp beta Me dipeptides, we show that all of the Asp
      beta-[3H]Me recovered from cytosolic proteins is in the D-stereoconfiguration.
      Based on these data and on previous observations that erythrocytes contain a
      single methyltransferase which also methylates red cell membrane proteins at D
      aspartyl residues both in vivo (McFadden, P. N., and Clarke, S. (1982) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 2460-2464) and in vitro (O'Connor, C. M., and
      Clarke, S. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8485-8492), we propose that protein
      carboxyl methylation is part of a generalized mechanism for metabolizing damaged
      proteins. The infrequent and spontaneous occurrence of D-aspartyl residues in
      proteins adequately explains the broad substrate specificity and limited
      stoichiometries of protein carboxyl methylation reactions.

PMID- 6421814
TI  - Isosafrole-induced cytochrome P2-450 in DBA/2N mouse liver. Characterization and
      genetic control of induction.
AB  - Mouse "cytochrome P2-450" is defined as that form of isosafrole-induced P-450 in
      DBA/2N liver most specifically correlated with isosafrole metabolism. Isosafrole
      pretreatment does not induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity ("cytochrome
      P1-450") in C57BL/6N or DBA/2N mice, induces acetanilide 4-hydroxylase activity
      ("cytochrome P3-450") more than 3-fold in C57BL/6N but not in DBA/2N mice, and
      induces isosafrole metabolite formation more than 3-fold in both C57BL/6N and
      DBA/2N mice. P2-450 was, therefore, purified from isosafrole-treated DBA/2N liver
      microsomes having negligible amounts of contaminating P1-450 and P3-450. The
      apparent molecular weight of P2-450 is 55,000, and the protein appears
      homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The Soret peak of the
      reduced purified cytochrome X CO complex is 448 nm. Purified P2-450,
      reconstituted in vitro, metabolizes acetanilide poorly and benzo[a]pyrene hardly
      at all. Anti-(P2-450) inhibits (90 to 100%) liver microsomal isosafrole
      metabolite formation, yet has no effect on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase,
      acetanilide 4-hydroxylase, biphenyl 2- or 4-hydroxylase, or 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de
      ethylase activities. 3-Methylcholanthrene induces anti-(P2-450)-precipitable
      protein about 12-fold in C57BL/6N and 2-fold in DBA/2N liver; 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (10 micrograms/kg), about 12-fold in both C57BL/6N
      and DBA/2N liver; isosafrole, more than 3-fold in both C57BL/6N and DBA/2N.
      Benzo[a]anthracene at maximal doses induces anti-(P2-450)-precipitable protein in
      C57BL/6N liver no more than 2-fold, yet is known to be a highly potent inducer of
      P1-450 mRNA in C57BL/6N liver. The sensitivity of the P2-450 induction process to
      isosafrole is inherited as an autosomal additive trait; studies of offspring from
      the C57BL/6N(DBA/N)F1 X DBA/2N backcross confirm involvement of the Ah locus or s
      closely segregating gene. In contrast, among crosses between C57BL/6N and DBA/2N,
      sensitivity of the P1-450 and P3-450 induction process to 3-methylcholanthrene or
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
      These data suggest that, although P1-450, P2-450, and P3-450 proteins are
      controlled by the Ah locus, either a P-450 protein polymorphism exists between
      C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mice or subtle differences may exist in the interaction of
      various inducers with Ah receptor.

PMID- 6421815
TI  - Purification and properties of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from
      Lactobacillus casei.
AB  - 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (EC 6.3.3.2), which catalyzes the ATP-
      and Mg2+ -dependent isomerization of 5-formyl- to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate,
      has been purified 10,000-fold from Lactobacillus casei using sequential affinity
      chromatography on immobilized 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and ATP. The enzyme is
      homogeneous when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, is monomeric with a molecular mass of 23,000 Da, and contains a
      high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids and a single cysteine residue. At 30
      degrees C, the turnover number is 88 min-1, and the Km values at pH 6 for 5
      formyltetrahydrofolate and Mg-ATP are 0.6 and 1.0 microM, respectively. The
      enzyme is specific for (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolate, but ATP can be replaced by
      other nucleoside 5'-triphosphates with varying efficiency. The purified enzyme is
      markedly stabilized by the non-ionic detergent, Tween 20.

PMID- 6421816
TI  - Human apolipoprotein A-I polymorphism. Identification of amino acid substitutions
      in three electrophoretic variants of the Munster-3 type.
AB  - Variant forms of apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A-I) have been shown to exist in the
      human population. One mutant form, referred to as apo-A-I-Munster-3, is one
      charge unit more basic than normal apo-A-I on isoelectric focusing gels. This
      variant has the same immunologic characteristics and molecular weight as normal
      apo-A-I. The apo-A-I-Munster-3 from subjects in three unrelated families (in two
      of which the trait has been shown to be transmitted as an autosomal co-dominant)
      has been analyzed by partial amino acid sequencing to define the cause of the
      electrophoretic abnormality. In the apo-A-I of family A, the abnormality was
      shown to occur in the smallest cyanogen bromide fragment, CB-2 (residues 87-112),
      and amino acid sequencing revealed asparagine instead of the usual aspartic acid
      at residue 103. Subjects with this mutant form have shown no signs of
      dyslipoproteinemia. The NH2-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment (CB-1, residues 1
      86) from the apo-A-I of family B was shown to differ electrophoretically from
      normal CB-1, and amino acid sequencing revealed that a substitution of arginine
      for proline at residue 4 was responsible for this variant form. Analysis of the
      plasma lipids of one affected family B member demonstrated that the percentage of
      the total cholesterol that was esterified was somewhat lower than that normally
      observed. In a third family, family C, a variant having the same electrophoretic
      abnormality as the other two was determined to have an amino acid substitution at
      yet a different position. In this variant, histidine was found at residue 3 in
      the apo-A-I sequence, rather than the usual proline. In all three cases, the
      substitution could account for the electrophoretic abnormality. It is proposed
      that these three apo-A-I-Munster-3 variants be designated apo-A-I(Asp103----Asn),
      apo-A-I(Pro4----Arg), and apo-A-I(Pro3----His), respectively, to indicate the
      substitution that accounts for the abnormality in isoelectric focusing gels.

PMID- 6421817
TI  - 2-(4-Bromoacetamido)anilino-2-deoxypentitol 1,5-bisphosphate, a new affinity
      label for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
      Determination of reaction parameters and characterization of an active site
      peptide.
AB  - A new affinity label for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum, 2-(4-bromoacetamido)anilino-2-deoxypentitol 1,5
      bisphosphate, has been prepared, Reductive amination of ribulose-P2 with p
      phenylenediamine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride yielded an epimeric
      mixture which was resolved by chromatography on quaternary aminoethyl-Sephadex.
      Subsequent bromoacetylation of the isolated amino bisphosphates gave reagents A
      and B (ribo and arabino epimers of 2-(4-bromoacetamido) anilino-2-deoxypentitol
      1,5-bisphosphate) which were competitive inhibitors of the carboxylase with Ki
      values of 705 and 104 microM, respectively. Reagent A exhibited no time-dependent
      effects on the carboxylase in either the deactivated or activated state.
      Incubation of the enzyme with reagent B in the presence of the essential
      activators CO2 and Mg2+, however, resulted in an irreversible, time-dependent
      loss of activity, with a Kinact of 125 microM and a minimal half-time of 7.3 min.
      Covalent incorporation of [14C]reagent B was directly proportional to the loss of
      activity, with total inactivation correlating with an incorporation of 1.1 mol of
      reagent/mol of subunit. Inclusion of the competitive inhibitor 2-carboxyribitol
      1,5-bisphosphate protected against inactivation with a concomitant reduction in
      incorporation. Neither reagent affected the activity of spinach carboxylase.
      Fractionation of [14C]reagent B-modified enzyme on DEAE-cellulose, subsequent to
      carboxymethylation and tryptic digestion, revealed two major radioactive peaks of
      approximately equal area. Digestion of each peak with alkaline phosphatase and
      rechromatography on DEAE-cellulose resulted in pure peptides I and II. The
      peptides were identical except in the site of labeling: peptide I contained a
      modified cysteinyl residue while peptide II contained a modified histidyl
      residue. Automated Edman degradation established the sequence as (sequence in
      text) which is located near the NH2 terminus of the enzyme. The lack of
      reactivity with the spinach enzyme is explained by the deletion of the histidyl
      residue and the replacement of cysteine by tryptophan in the eukaryotic species.
      Although the nonconservation of the modified residues argues against a functional
      role other than maintenance of structural integrity, the extensive homology in
      this region among seven different species of carboxylase is compatible with the
      region comprising a portion of the active site.

PMID- 6421818
TI  - Human alpha-L-iduronidase. I. Purification and properties of the high uptake
      (higher molecular weight) and the low uptake (processed) forms.
AB  - Two major forms of human alpha-L-iduronidase have been individually purified over
      175,000-fold to apparent homogeneity by sequential anion exchange, lectin
      affinity, and gel filtration chromatography. The two forms, initially designated
      as soluble and membrane-associated, were extracted from human lung in
      approximately equal amounts. Optimal solubilization of the membrane-associated
      form was facilitated by use of a non-ionic detergent or mannose 6-phosphate and
      saponin. Following detergent homogenization, the two forms were separated by
      anion exchange chromatography and then individually purified. The more
      electronegative form was membrane-associated, had a pI of approximately 5.9, and
      was selectively taken up (high uptake) by cultured Hurler syndrome fibroblasts;
      the more electropositive soluble form had a pI of about 6.6 and was incorporated
      into Hurler fibroblasts at a markedly lower rate (low uptake). After treatment
      with alkaline phosphatase, the pI values of both enzymes were about 7.8. Using 4
      methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronide as substrate, the low and high uptake forms
      were each purified in milligram quantities to specific activities of 284,000 and
      202,000 units/mg, respectively, with a combined yield greater than 35%. Each
      purified enzyme form migrated as a single protein band which also stained for
      enzymatic activity when electrophoresed in 7% native polyacrylamide disc gels at
      pH 4.3. By gel filtration, the high uptake form had an Mr = 85,000 whereas the Mr
      for the low uptake form was 68,000. Molecular weight estimates by analytical
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 82,000 and 70,000 for the high and low
      uptake forms, respectively. Rabbit anti-human low uptake alpha-L-iduronidase
      antibodies cross-reacted with the high uptake form as demonstrated by both
      immunotitration and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion. Amino acid analysis
      revealed that the high uptake (higher molecular weight) form contained more
      arginine, glycine, alanine, glutamate or glutamine, leucine, isoleucine,
      histidine, and proline residues per molecule than the low uptake (lower molecular
      weight) form. Automated Edman degradation determined that the NH2-terminal
      residues of both forms were blocked. Both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that
      each purified form was composed of several components; each post-high performance
      liquid chromatographic component retained catalytic activity and was
      immunologically cross-reactive with antibodies against the low uptake
      form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421819
TI  - Characterization of Factor V activation intermediates.
AB  - Bovine Factor V was partially activated with bovine beta-thrombin and activation
      intermediates, and end products were isolated either by column chromatography
      under nondenaturing conditions or electroelution from slab gels following
      electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate or both. Electrophoresis of partially
      activated single-chain Factor V (Mr = 330,000) revealed intermediates designated
      B (Mr congruent to 205,000) and C (Mr congruent to 150,000), plus end products
      designated C1 (Mr congruent to 120,000), D (Mr congruent to 94,000), E (Mr
      congruent to 74,000), F (Mr congruent to 71,000), and G (Mr congruent to 31,000).
      All components except C1 were visualized readily by staining with Coomassie blue.
      C1, however, did not stain with this dye but was readily visualized with the
      Schiff-periodate or silver staining procedures. Chromatography of samples of
      partially activated Factor V on QAE (quaternary aminoethyl)-cellulose in Ca2+
      yielded fractions consisting, respectively, of B plus C and B plus D. Both were
      biologically active, but the former pair required further exposure to thrombin to
      yield activity, whereas the latter did not. Either pair, when treated with EDTA,
      lost activity and could be resolved by further chromatography on QAE-cellulose
      into isolated components B, C, and D. Activity was recovered upon reconstitution
      of the pairs in Ca2+, suggesting that B plus C or B plus D comprise two subunit
      proteins, both subunits of which are required for biological activity. Gel
      electrophoretic analysis of isolated B and C, after further exposure to thrombin,
      indicated that B is the precursor of end products C1, E, and G, whereas C is the
      precursor of D and F. Conventional NH2-terminal sequence analysis and amino acid
      composition analysis indicated that C and D share the same NH2 terminus with
      Factor V and that the weighted composition of B plus C is the same as Factor V.
      Microsequence analysis of C1 and E indicated that C1 has the NH2-terminal
      sequence of intermediate B, which differs from that of end product E. These
      results indicate that: 1) a single cleavage of Factor V yields B and C from the
      COOH and NH2 termini, respectively, of the parent; 2) the pair B and C constitute
      a Ca2+-stabilized protein of two subunits, both of which are required for
      subsequent expression of biological activity; 3) the precursor-product
      relationship between B and C and the end products of activation are: B----C1 + E
      + G, and C----D + F; and 4) end product D is derived from the NH2 terminus of C,
      and end product C1 is derived from the NH2 terminus of B.

PMID- 6421820
TI  - Chromogranin A, the major catecholamine storage vesicle soluble protein. Multiple
      size forms, subcellular storage, and regional distribution in chromaffin and
      nervous tissue elucidated by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Chromogranin A (CgA), the major catecholamine storage vesicle (CSV) soluble
      protein, may index exocytotic sympathoadrenal secretion. To explore CgA in
      adrenergic tissues, we developed a radioimmunoassay for bovine CgA. Within
      adrenal medulla CSV, several minor chromogranins had similar amino acid
      compositions and peptide maps to that of CgA and also showed parallel, partial
      cross-reactivity in the CgA radioimmunoassay. CgA immunoreactivity represented 7
      +/- 1% of total adrenal medulla cell protein and was localized to adrenal CSV,
      representing 46 +/- 2% of CSV soluble protein. In brain, there was 1000-fold less
      CgA than in adrenal medulla, with a widespread regional distribution (maximal in
      neocortex) and an unusual subcellular distribution (maximal in cytosol), both of
      which differ from reported catecholamine distribution. Brain chromogranin
      immunoreactivity also had a lower Stokes radius than adrenal CgA. Sympathetic
      nerve and serum had 6,000-fold and 30,000-fold less CgA than that in adrenal
      medulla. The results suggest a "family" of adrenal medulla chromogranins, similar
      structurally and immunoligically. Adrenal medulla and brain chromogranin differ
      in concentration, subcellular localization, and molecular size. Finally, CgA in
      serum may provide a useful tool for sympathoadrenal studies in intact organisms.

PMID- 6421821
TI  - Topography and polypeptide distribution of terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues
      on the surfaces of intact lymphocytes. Evidence for O-linked GlcNAc.
AB  - Bovine milk galactosyltransferase has been used, in conjunction with UDP
      [3H]galactose, as an impermeant probe for accessible GlcNAc residues on the
      surfaces of lymphocytes. Galactosylation of living thymic lymphocytes is
      dependent upon cell number, enzyme concentration, UDP-galactose concentration,
      and Mn2+ concentration. Kinetics of labeling are biphasic, leveling off at
      approximately 30 min. The data strongly indicate vectorial surface labeling and
      covalent attachment of galactose. Thymocytes, T-lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes
      have approximately 10(6), 3 X 10(6), and 5 X 10(6) galactosylatable sites on
      their cell surfaces, respectively. Numerous proteins are exogalactosylated that
      differ quantitatively among the major functional subsets of lymphocytes.
      Negligible radioactivity is found in lipid. In thymocytes, 49% of the
      exogalactosylated oligosaccharides are alkali labile, whereas 80 and 90% of that
      derived from T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes can be beta-eliminated,
      respectively. Sensitivity of the intact proteins or tryptic peptides to the
      peptide: N-glycosidase also confirms the relative amounts of cell surface, N
      linked and O-linked oligosaccharides which are exogalactosylated. Composition,
      size, and high performance liquid chromatography on two types of high resolution
      columns establish that the bulk of the exogalactosylated, beta-eliminated
      oligosaccharides are Gal beta 1-4GlcNAcitol. These data suggest the presence of O
      glycosidically linked GlcNAc monosaccharide on many lymphocyte cell-surface
      proteins. However, additional experiments indicate that the majority of these
      moieties appear to be cryptic or inside the cell. Thus, these studies not only
      describe dramatic differences in the amounts and distribution of terminal GlcNAc
      residues on phenotypically different lymphocyte populations, but they also
      describe the presence of a novel protein-saccharide linkage, which is present on
      numerous lymphocyte proteins.

PMID- 6421822
TI  - The titration of tetanus antitoxin I. Factors affecting the sensitivity of the
      indirect haemagglutination test.
AB  - Various factors affecting the indirect HA test for the titration of tetanus
      antitoxin have been evaluated with a view to obtaining maximum sensitivity in
      tests using unfixed sheep erythrocytes and sheep erythrocytes fixed with
      glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and pyruvic aldehyde. The optimal concentration of
      tannic acid has been found to be 1/40 000 for tanning both fixed and unfixed
      sheep erythrocytes. Tanned sheep erythrocytes sensitized with 50 Lf/ml of tetanus
      toxoid at pH 7.2 for one hour were the most sensitive. Although the optimal
      temperature of sensitization was found to be 56 degrees C, unfixed cells tended
      to clump and lyse at this temperature. Thus a temperature of 37 degrees C was
      used to sensitize unfixed sheep erythrocytes. Sheep erythrocytes from different
      animals and the final concentration of sensitized sheep erythrocytes both had
      great effects on sensitivity. A final concentration of 0.5% of sensitized sheep
      erythrocytes was found suitable as a compromise between sensitivity and
      readability. The loss of sensitivity of fixed and sensitized erythrocytes was
      investigated by storing these cells at 4-8 degrees C for six to nine months.

PMID- 6421823
TI  - The glutaraldehyde-stabilized porcine aortic valve xenograft. II. Effect of
      fixation with or without pressure on the tensile viscoelastic properties of the
      leaflet material.
AB  - We have examined the tensile viscoelastic properties of circumferential and
      radial strips of porcine aortic valve leaflets following fixation in
      glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde, with or without pressure. After aldehyde
      treatment, the radial strips remained weaker and less stiff than circumferential
      strips and responded slightly differently to the treatment. After fixation, with
      or without pressure, the radial strips showed large changes in stress-strain and
      hysteresis responses due to initial loading, and there was a twofold reduction in
      tensile strength and final stiffness. For strips in both directions, fixation
      without pressure produced doubled extensibility and a ramping stress-strain
      curve. Permanent (plastic) deformation of 5-20% occurred as a result of cyclic
      loading, stress relaxation, and creep experiments. Pressure fixation, however,
      produced little change in stress-strain results other than a simple shift to
      lower strain and produced no plasticity. Both methods of fixation reduced stress
      relaxation and creep. Mechanical test results are consistent with a loss of
      ground substance matrix during fixation. Reductions in tensile strength after
      fixation may be due to "riveting" of collagen geometry, producing local stress
      concentrations.

PMID- 6421824
TI  - Studies on the expression of the microtubule-associated protein, tau, during
      mouse brain development, with newly isolated complementary DNA probes.
AB  - Tau protein is a collection of closely related polypeptides that associate with
      microtubules in vivo and stimulate their assembly in vitro. Using an affinity
      purified antiserum against bovine brain tau protein, we found that the number and
      amount of tau polypeptides changes dramatically during mouse brain development.
      The different forms appear to result from changes in tau mRNA since in vitro
      translation products reflect the qualitative and quantitative changes found in
      vivo. To study the mRNA and genomic complexity of tau protein, we used tau mRNA,
      purified from polysomes with tau antiserum, to isolate embryonic mouse tau
      complementary DNA clones. With these probes we have determined that embryonic tau
      protein is translated from a 6-kb mRNA that persists throughout brain
      development.

PMID- 6421825
TI  - Radioautographic visualization and biochemical identification of O-phosphoserine-
      and O-phosphothreonine-containing phosphoproteins in mineralizing embryonic chick
      bone.
AB  - We injected NaH2(33)PO4 into normal 14-d-old embryonic chicks and examined the
      long bones by both radioautography and biochemical analyses from 10 to 240 min
      after the injection was completed. At 30 min, determination of the radiographic
      grain density revealed that 33P was concentrated principally in fibroblasts,
      preosteoblasts, and osteoblasts. With time, there was a progressive increase in
      the density of silver grains located over both the osteogenic cells and the
      regions of uncalcified (osteoid) and calcified extracellular organic matrices.
      Biochemical analyses identified 33P-O-phosphoserine as the major 33P component in
      glutaraldehyde-treated whole demineralized bone tissue and in EDTA-soluble,
      nondiffusible proteins extracted from the bones, both at the same time periods
      that 33P-induced silver grains were visualized by radioautography. 33P-O
      phosphothreonine was also identified in experiments using a dosage of 10 mCi per
      embryo. The results provide the first combined direct biochemical and
      radioautographic identification that phosphoproteins are synthesized in bone and
      are located morphologically at the sites of mineralization. The data provide
      further evidence that phosphoproteins play a critical role in the biological
      calcification of vertebrate tissues.

PMID- 6421826
TI  - Core substructure in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes.
AB  - The tricylindrical core of Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes is made up of four
      types of allophycocyanin-containing complexes: A, (alpha AP beta AP)3; B, (alpha
      AP beta AP)3 .10K; C, (alpha APB1 alpha AP2 beta AP3).10K; D, (alpha AP beta
      AP)2.18.5K.99K; where AP is allophycocyanin, APB is allophycocyanin B, and 10K,
      18.5K, and 99K are polypeptides of 10,000, 18,500, and 99,000 daltons,
      respectively. The 18.5K polypeptide is a hitherto unrecognized biliprotein
      subunit with a single phycocyanobilin prosthetic group. The tricylindrical core
      is made up of 12 subcomplexes in the molar ratio of A:B:C:D: of 4:4:2:2.
      Complexes C and D act as terminal energy acceptors. From these results and
      previous analysis of the bicylindrical core of Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisomes
      [14,15] it is proposed that the two cylinders of the Synechocystis 6701 core,
      proximal to the thylakoid membrane, each have the composition ABCD, and that the
      distal cylinder has the composition A2B2.

PMID- 6421827
TI  - Selective in vitro transcription of chloroplast genes.
AB  - Transcription of Euglena gracilis chloroplast genes has been investigated by
      using in vitro transcription systems. A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible
      for the transcription of rRNA genes has been isolated as a nucleoprotein complex
      (transcriptionally active chromosome). The RNA polymerase remains tightly bound
      to the chloroplast DNA template and does not initiate transcription with cloned
      chloroplast genes. A transcriptionally active extract has been prepared from
      intact Euglena chloroplasts. The soluble RNA polymerase in this extract
      recognizes cloned chloroplast tRNA genes and tRNA-sized products have been
      detected after transcription. The tRNA-sized molecules specifically hybridize to
      the tRNA genes in the plasmid DNA. At least five tRNA-sized products have been
      identified from transcription of a trnY1trnH1-trnM1-trnE1-trnW1-trnG1 cluster.
      Evidence is also presented that processing enzymes in the chloroplast-extract can
      recognize a polycistronic tRNAVal-tRNAAsn-tRNAArg precursor and process it into
      tRNA-sized molecules. Truncated templates have been used to demonstrate that the
      chloroplast tRNA genes are actively transcribed. From a comparison of 5' flanking
      sequences in chloroplast tRNA genes, a consensus sequence which might function as
      a promoter, has been identified. The properties of the RNA polymerase involved in
      the transcription of chloroplast rRNA genes and tRNA genes have been investigated
      and compared.

PMID- 6421828
TI  - Three cardiology cases: playing the percentages.

PMID- 6421829
TI  - Functional cardiac imaging: positron emission tomography.

PMID- 6421830
TI  - Chemonucleolysis with chymopapain.

PMID- 6421831
TI  - An oriental traveler with abdominal pain.

PMID- 6421832
TI  - Intraspinal narcotics for pain control.

PMID- 6421833
TI  - Be it BE or not BE? That is the question.

PMID- 6421834
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy of ophthalmologic diseases.

PMID- 6421835
TI  - Noguchi: many triumphs and a brilliant failure.

PMID- 6421836
TI  - Sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and persistent malaise.

PMID- 6421837
TI  - Bigeminal rhythm on multiple cardiac drug therapy.

PMID- 6421838
TI  - Prevention and management of retrolental fibroplasia.

PMID- 6421839
TI  - Closed-angle glaucoma: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6421840
TI  - Breast self-examination: the doctor's role.

PMID- 6421841
TI  - Prescribing authority for pharmacists?

PMID- 6421842
TI  - The role of corticosteroid therapy in infection.

PMID- 6421843
TI  - Elevated CKs in two patients with chest pain.

PMID- 6421844
TI  - Cardiovascular imaging: ischemia and reperfusion.

PMID- 6421845
TI  - Algorithm for managing patients with severe GI hemorrhage.

PMID- 6421846
TI  - Early surgery for hypospadias.

PMID- 6421847
TI  - Chronic abdominal pain.

PMID- 6421848
TI  - Differentiating the acute scrotum.

PMID- 6421849
TI  - A febrile health analyst with a complex history.

PMID- 6421850
TI  - Twenty years of bladder sequelae of spina bifida.

PMID- 6421851
TI  - The case of the wormy brain.

PMID- 6421852
TI  - Painful but prolonged survival in man with 'bone metastases'.

PMID- 6421853
TI  - Watery diarrhea and a fire in the belly.

PMID- 6421854
TI  - New insights into primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6421855
TI  - ECG casebook. Acute myocardial infarction--what location?

PMID- 6421856
TI  - Offenders and offenses.

PMID- 6421857
TI  - Pseudotumor or 'pseudo-pseudotumor'?

PMID- 6421858
TI  - Clinical effects of prostaglandins in renal disease.

PMID- 6421859
TI  - Rapid estimation of catecholamines, octopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in
      biological tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric
      detection.
AB  - A rapid, convenient procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of
      catecholamines, monohydroxyphenolamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in biological
      tissues. The procedure involves homogenization of tissue in perchloric acid,
      addition of heparin and centrifugation followed by direct injection of the
      supernatant onto a C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      column. The mobile phase employed sodium dodecyl sulfate as ion pair reagent with
      20% acetonitrile and 10-12% methanol as organic modifier. Eluted fractions were
      detected electrochemically using dual coulometric electrodes operated in screen
      mode. The procedure has been applied to the analysis of norepinephrine,
      epinephrine, dopamine, octopamine, tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan
      in a variety of tissues including mammalian heart and brain and insect nerve
      cord.

PMID- 6421860
TI  - Determination of beta-galactosidase activity in the intestinal tract of mice by
      ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography using epsilon-N-1-(1
      deoxylactulosyl)-L-lysine as substrate.
AB  - epsilon-N-1-(1-Deoxylactulosyl)-L-lysine was synthesized and used as a substrate
      to assay beta-galactosidase activity. epsilon-N-1-(1-Deoxylactulosyl)-L-lysine
      and its degradation product epsilon-N-1-(1-deoxyfructosyl)-L-lysine were detected
      by high-voltage paper electrophoresis and ion-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The beta-galactosidase activity in different parts of the
      intestinal tract of germ-free and control mice was determined and compared with a
      beta-galactosidase activity which degrades lactose at pH 8.5 and 5.0 and which
      corresponded with bacterial and host enzymatic activities, respectively.

PMID- 6421861
TI  - Simultaneous determination of astemizole and its demethylated metabolite in
      animal plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the
      determination of astemizole and its primary metabolite in plasma and animal
      tissues. Both compounds and the internal standard were extracted from alkalinized
      plasma with heptane--isoamyl alcohol and analyzed using a reversed-phase column
      and UV monitoring at 254 nm. The detection limits for both compounds were 1 ng/ml
      of plasma and 5 ng/g of tissue and extraction recoveries were sufficiently high
      (71-84%). The method was applied to plasma and tissue samples from dogs after
      repeated oral administration, and to plasma samples from a volunteer taking a 300
      mg oral dose of the drug. The results were compared with those obtained by a
      formerly developed radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6421862
TI  - Separation and characterization of two isolated lipases from Staphylococcus
      aureus (TEN5).
AB  - The purified lipases from Staphylococcus aureus (TEN5) showing two enzymatically
      active protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been
      separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The separated proteins show some
      properties which are different (e.g., apparent molecular weight, charge, binding
      of detergent, enzymatic activity towards triolein) and some which are almost
      identical (spur in immunodiffusion).

PMID- 6421863
TI  - Use of capillary isotachophoresis to measure the degree of chemical substitution
      of dog serum albumin.
AB  - Analytical capillary isotachophoresis may provide a means for the rapid
      determination of the degree of substitution of proteins. Dog albumin conjugates
      with trinitrophenyl (TNP), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or monomethoxy
      polyethylene glycol (mPEG) have been studied as models for protein modification.
      An increase in the degree of covalent substitution of dog albumin with TNP, FITC
      or mPEG could be monitored rapidly using the UV signal or the conductivity signal
      as a measure of the increased protein zone width. These findings are encouraging
      with regard to the possible use of capillary isotachophoresis for screening the
      extent of protein modification.

PMID- 6421864
TI  - Modulation of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion by testosterone in man.
AB  - In experimental animals, primary testicular deficiency leads to increased LH
      pulse frequency. Pulsatile FSH secretion has not been well characterized in any
      species. To determine the effect of testosterone (T) on the pattern of pulsatile
      gonadotropin secretion in man, we performed frequent blood-sampling studies in
      six normal men and six men with primary hypogonadism. All primary hypogonadal men
      were studied 6-8 weeks after stopping T replacement therapy. Five of the six
      hypogonadal men were restudied 6-8 weeks after treatment with T enanthate (200
      mg, im, every 2 weeks; sampling in this group was 2 weeks after their last T
      injection). Blood sampling was done at 10-min intervals for 12 h in all subjects,
      and the pattern of episodic LH and FSH secretion was determined. Normal men had a
      serum T level of 6.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), a LH level of 34 +/- 3 ng/ml,
      and a LH pulse pattern characterized by low frequency (7.6 +/- 0.7 pulses/12 h)
      and low amplitude (16 +/- 1 ng/ml). Compared to normal men, primary hypogonadal
      men had a significantly lower T level (2.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) and significantly
      higher LH pulse frequency (13.0 +/- 1.3 pulses/12 h), amplitude (51 +/- 7 ng/ml),
      and mean level (222 +/- 26 ng/ml). Reinstitution of T replacement therapy in
      hypogonadal men resulted in a significant increase in the T level (4.7 +/- 0.5
      ng/ml) and significant decreases in LH pulse frequency (7.2 +/- 1.6 pulses/12 h)
      and amplitude (41 +/- 5 ng/ml) as well as mean LH level (75 +/- 15 ng/ml). FSH
      levels fluctuated in a distinctly pulsatile pattern in all three groups.
      Differences in pulsatile FSH secretion between primary hypogonadal men before and
      during T therapy and normal men paralleled those in pulsatile LH secretion in
      both frequency and amplitude. These results demonstrate that in man 1) diminished
      T negative feedback results in high frequency (circhoral), high amplitude LH and
      FSH pulses; 2) T replacement decreased LH and FSH pulse frequency and amplitude
      as well as mean levels; and 3) the decreased LH and FSH pulse frequency with T
      treatment implies that T or a metabolite of T acts on the central nervous system
      to slow the hypothalamic LHRH pulse generator.

PMID- 6421865
TI  - A competitive ligand binding assay for measurement of thyroid hormone-binding
      inhibitor in serum and tissues.
AB  - A competitive ligand-binding assay (CLBA) is described for measurement of an
      inhibitor(s) of serum binding of T4 in ether extracts of serum and in homogenates
      and extracts of tissues. The CLBA is based on the effect of thyroid hormone
      binding inhibitor (THBI) on partition of a constant amount of radiolabeled ligand
      [(125I]T4) between fixed amounts of serum and an anti-T4 antibody. The method is
      convenient, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible. The coefficient of variation
      averaged 8.9% within an assay and 12.8% between assays. Several fatty acids, e.g.
      arachidonic acid, lauric acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid, had potent THBI
      activity in the CLBA; arachidonic acid was more potent than the other fatty
      acids. Since oleic acid cross-reacted substantially with T4-binding sites on anti
      T4, its THBI activity was examined by an equilibrium dialysis method; it was
      about 77% as potent as arachidonic acid. Arachidic, myristic, palmitic, and
      stearic acids, choleserol, various phospholipids and triglycerides (triolein and
      tripalmitin) had little or no THBI activity in the CLBA. THBI activity was
      detected in the sera of 50% (60% when serum T4 was low and 42% when it was
      normal) of 34 patients with nonthyroid illnesses (NTI) when studied by CLBA and
      in 59% (67% when serum T4 was low and 53% when it was normal) of patients when
      determined by the inhibitory ratio (normalized dialysis ratio/normalized binding
      ratio). THBI values obtained by the CLBA correlated significantly (r = 0.58; P
      less than 0.001) with those obtained by the inhibitory ratio method. The dose
      response curve of an ether extract of pooled sera of hospitalized patients was
      parallel to that of arachidonic acid in the CLBA. Among various rat tissues, the
      small intestine had the most THBI activity in both homogenates and ether extracts
      of homogenates. Ether (2 vol) extracted about 63% of the THBI activity in small
      intestine homogenate at pH 5.2. THBI activity was demonstrable in all particulate
      fractions (especially mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum) of small intestine
      homogenate; cytosol contained little or no THBI activity. THBI activity changed
      little after treatment of small intestine homogenate with trypsin or protease
      inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6421866
TI  - Reappraisal of the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine-suppression test in the prediction of
      long term outcome of antithyroid drug therapy in patients with hyperthyroid
      Graves' disease.
AB  - Thyroidal suppressibility by exogenous T3 in terms of both radioiodine uptake
      (RAIU) and serum T4 was evaluated in 115 hyperthyroid patients treated with
      methimazole for 2 yr and followed for an additional 2 yr to study the rate of
      recurrence. Various other serum parameters including serum thyroglobulin
      concentrations, thyroid autoantibody, and TSH receptor antibody titers, and
      thyroidal responses to TRH-induced TSH elevation were also determined. After 2 yr
      of methimazole therapy, thyroidal RAIU was not suppressible (RAIU less than 12%/4
      h was defined as suppressible) in 50 of 115 patients (group I). Of 65 patients
      with suppressible thyroid RAIU, serum T4 was significantly reduced (less than 60%
      of pre-T3 level) by T3 administration in only 43 patients (group III) but not in
      the remainder (group II). Antithyroid drug therapy was discontinued in the group
      II and III patients, and 7 of the patients had recurrence of hyperthyroidism
      within 2 yr of follow-up. All of them were from group II. The thyroidal response
      to TSH was greater in group III patients than in group II patients. During
      antithyroid drug therapy, decrease of microsomal antibody titer was more likely
      to occur in group III patients than in those of group II. Serum thyroglobulin
      concentrations were uniformly normal in treated patients irrespective of T3
      suppressibility. TSH receptor antibody was positive in all 13 untreated patients
      with Graves' disease but was negative in treated patients regardless of their T3
      suppressibility. Measurement of both thyroidal RAIU and serum T4 after
      administration of T3 improves the reliability of T3-suppression testing as a
      predictor of the remission of Graves' disease.

PMID- 6421867
TI  - Histamine-induced paradoxical growth hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone in normal men.
AB  - GH responses to TRH occur in patients with certain diseases, such as acromegaly,
      severe liver disease, uremia, and mental disorders, and presumably reflect
      disruption of normal hypothalamic control of GH secretion. Since histamine (HA)
      inhibits hypothalamic stimulation of GH secretion, we investigated the combined
      effect of HA receptor activation and TRH administration on GH secretion in normal
      men. Eight men were given 4-h infusions of the following: saline, HA, HA plus
      mepyramine (Me; and H1-antagonist), HA plus cimetidine (C; an H2-antagonist), and
      C alone. TRH (200 micrograms) was injected iv 2 h after the start of each
      infusion. HA alone or in combination with either antagonist had no effect on
      basal or TRH-stimulated TSH secretion and no effect on basal GH secretion.
      However, when TRH was injected during H1 stimulation by HA plus C, GH secretion
      increased significantly [from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 7.1 +/- 1.8 (+/- SEM) ng/ml; P less
      than 0.01] in seven of eight subjects. This GH response was reproducible and did
      not occur when saline was administered instead of TRH. A smaller and delayed GH
      response to TRH occurred during infusions of HA alone (from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 4.9 +/
      1.0 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). No effect of TRH on GH secretion occurred during
      the infusion of saline (1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml), HA plus Me (0.9 +/- 0.1 ng/ml), or C
      (2.2 +/- 1.0 ng/ml). There was a significant increase in GH secretion after
      cessation of the infusions of HA (from 3.4 +/- 1.1 to 7.5 +/- 2.2 ng/ml) and HA
      plus Me (from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 5.1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml). This rebound in GH secretion
      might indicate an inhibitory effect of TRH during H2-receptor stimulation. This
      concept is supported by the significantly smaller GH response to TRH during HA
      infusion than during HA plus C infusion (P less than 0.01). The study indicates
      that H1-receptor stimulation induces a stimulatory effect of TRH on GH secretion
      in normal men and that H2-receptor stimulation possibly induces an inhibitory
      effect of TRH on GH secretion.

PMID- 6421868
TI  - Correlation of human follicular fluid inhibin activity with spontaneous and
      induced follicle maturation.
AB  - We sought to correlate the inhibin activity of individual ovarian follicles
      (greater than 16 mm in diameter) from untreated (7 patients; 7 follicles),
      clomiphene-stimulated (150 mg/day; menstrual cycle days 5-9; 9 patients, 14
      follicles), and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-stimulated (150 IU/day;
      menstrual cycle days 3-11; 8 patients; 23 follicles) ovarian cycles and to
      correlate these results with the follicular fluid (FF) steroid concentration.
      Follicular aspirates were obtained via laparoscopy from 24 regularly menstruating
      patients when the diameter of the largest follicle reached 20 mm, as determined
      by serial ultrasonography. FF concentrations of estradiol, progesterone,
      testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione were determined by RIA.
      Inhibin activity was determined using the inhibition of basal 24-h FSH secretion
      by dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. Inhibin values were highest among the
      follicles aspirated from those patients who received hMG [277 +/- 31 (+/- SE)
      U/ml] compared to untreated subjects (51 +/- 13 U/ml) or those who received
      clomiphene (96 +/- 14 U/ml). Estradiol was highest in FF from untreated patients
      (2295 +/- 1155 ng/ml) compared to levels in patients who received hMG (368 +/-
      1.76 micrograms/ml) or clomiphene (1049 +/- 174 ng/ml). FF progesterone values
      were highest in untreated patients (9.4 +/- 2.59 micrograms/ml) compared to those
      in hMG-treated (5.04 +/- 1.76 micrograms/ml) and clomiphene-treated patients
      (7.82 +/- 1.24 ng/ml). FF 17-hydroxyprogesterone values (7.82 +/- 1.24 ng/ml). FF
      17-hydroxyprogesterone values were similarly higher in the untreated (1.55 +/-
      0.21 micrograms/ml) and clomiphene-treated (2.54 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml) patients
      than in the hMG-treated group (0.73 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml). FF androstenedione
      (untreated, 50.7 +/- 30 ng/ml; clomiphene-treated, 73.4 +/- 23.4 ng/ml; hMG
      treated, 60.2 +/- 19.8 ng/ml) and testosterone (6.66 +/- 2.45, 5.98 +/- 1.46, and
      6.39 +/- 2.16 ng/ml, respectively) concentrations in all three patient groups
      were similar. In untreated patients, there was a highly significant positive
      correlation between intrafollicular inhibin activity and FF estradiol,
      testosterone, and androstenedione concentrations and a statistically significant
      negative correlation between intrafollicular inhibin activity and FF progesterone
      concentrations. Patients receiving clomiphene therapy demonstrated at least two
      different response patterns, one with a positive and one a negative correlation
      between intrafollicular inhibin activity and FF steroid concentrations. The
      patients receiving hMG therapy had no statistically significant correlation
      between intrafollicular inhibin

PMID- 6421870
TI  - Anti-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients giving a fluorescent
      ribosomal pattern on tissue and cell preparations also showed precipitating
      autoantibodies against purified rat liver ribosomes. Ribosomal antigen is also
      present in rabbit thymus cellular extract (RTE), since the same sera gave
      precipitin lines against RTE in identity with ribosomes. Immunofluorescent
      staining was completely inhibited by serum absorption with ribosomes or with RTE.
      However ribosomal RNA and RNase or trypsin-treated ribosomes failed to react with
      these autoantibodies as demonstrated in immunoabsorption and immunodiffusion
      studies. These data suggest that these sera contain autoantibodies directed
      against some antigenic site composed of a portion of both RNA and ribosomal
      protein. Ribosomal autoantibodies were detectable at a low frequency in SLE
      patients characterized by an active disease and renal involvement.

PMID- 6421869
TI  - Immunoglobulin genes: rearrangement and translocation in human lymphoid
      malignancy.

PMID- 6421871
TI  - Evaluation of three simple and rapid immunological tests for detection of heat
      labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three simple immunological tests, the modified Elek (Biken) test, the modified
      staphylococcal coagglutination test, and the rapid GM1-horseradish peroxidase
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been evaluated for detection of heat
      labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Of the 100 coded E. coli
      strains tested, 94 gave consistent results with all the three immunological
      tests; a discrepancy was observed in only 6 strains. Identical results were
      obtained when the Biken test was conducted with complete and incomplete Biken
      kits (Meguro Institute Ltd., Osaka, Japan). All three immunological tests
      evaluated in this study were found to be sensitive and simple and can be easily
      adopted by any laboratory for detection of heat-labile enterotoxins of
      enterotoxigenic E. coli strains.

PMID- 6421872
TI  - Isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on selective and nonselective media in a
      sexually transmitted disease clinic.
AB  - To assess the practical significance of reported increases in the prevalence of
      vancomycin-susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on isolation of this
      organism, antibiotic-free chocolate agar (CA), modified Thayer-Martin medium
      (MTM), and a vancomycin-free selective medium (VFSM) were compared in a sexually
      transmitted disease clinic. Among 326 cervical gonococcal infections detected in
      a comparison of CA with MTM, 92.0% were detected on CA, compared with 98.2% on
      MTM (P less than 0.001). Similarly, among 306 cervical infections detected in a
      comparison of MTM and VFSM, 95.8% of infections were detected with VFSM, compared
      with 98.4% for MTM (P = 0.10). For 1,632 urethral infections in men, all three
      media were equivalent, with none detecting fewer than 98% of the infections.
      Compared with a single inoculation, dual inoculation of MTM increased the
      diagnostic yield by 1.5% for 206 urethral infections and 2.4% for 83 cervical
      infections. In our clinic population, MTM is superior to CA or VFSM for the
      diagnosis of genital gonococcal infections, especially in women. The increased
      yield that accrued from inoculation of both MTM and either of the other media was
      not sufficiently high to warrant routine use of this practice in our clinic.

PMID- 6421873
TI  - Redistribution of microfilament-associated proteins during the formation of focal
      contacts and adhesions in chick fibroblasts.
AB  - The roles of the microfilament-associated proteins vinculin, alpha-actinin,
      myosin and filamin have been studied by immunofluorescence and double
      fluorescence in conjunction with interference reflection microscopy (IRM), during
      the development of focal contacts and focal adhesions in a chick fibroblast
      system which initially has no such adhesion specializations but then develops
      them sequentially over a 48 h period. Without exception, all focal contacts and
      focal adhesions contain both vinculin and alpha-actinin at every stage that we
      can detect by IRM or by double staining to reveal the associated microfilament
      bundles. Indeed the appearance of small bodies containing alpha-actinin and
      vinculin is shown to precede focal contact formation in our model system and such
      structures (not visible by IRM) are proposed to be the precursors of focal
      contacts and adhesions. Myosin and filamin are distributed generally with some
      reticular patterning in the early motile cells which lack the focal
      specializations, but as focal contacts and adhesions form these proteins become
      progressively recruited into the associated microfilament bundles. Only then do
      we see the marked depletion that has been reported earlier of diffusely
      distributed myosin and filamin in the leading lamella. Although this is not
      initially associated with any change in the motile status of the cells, the
      recruitment of these microfilament-associated proteins into stress fibres is
      proposed to occur in preparation for anchorage and bracing of cells to the
      substratum when they later become stationary.

PMID- 6421874
TI  - Osseous destruction by neurofibroma diagnosed in infancy as "desmoplastic
      fibroma".
AB  - A 2-month-old male infant presented with a lytic lesion of the distal radius
      which was diagnosed as desmoplastic fibroma. Tumor recurred following en bloc
      resection of the distal radius and forearm, necessitating an elbow
      disarticulation. Subsequently, the child developed multiple cafe-au-lait spots,
      and histologic sections have been reinterpreted as neurofibromatosis. This case
      illustrates the potential difficulty in diagnosing neurofibromatosis when few or
      no classic stigmata of the disease are present.

PMID- 6421875
TI  - Two distinct forms of Factor VIII coagulant protein in human plasma. Cleavage by
      thrombin, and differences in coagulant activity and association with von
      Willebrand factor.
AB  - We have characterized Factor VIII coagulant protein, present in normal human
      plasma, that reacts with a specific human 125I-labeled anti-human VIII:C antigen
      Fab antibody fragment. Two major Factor VIII coagulant antigen populations were
      present. The first, approximately 85% of the total antigen, was bound to von
      Willebrand factor and when tested in a standard one-stage assay had Factor VIII
      coagulant activity. The second antigenic population, eluting near fibrinogen when
      plasma was gel filtered, was not bound to von Willebrand protein, did not have
      Factor VIII coagulant activity unless activated, but did block anti-VIII:C Fab
      neutralization of clotting activity. The two antigenic populations were separable
      by cryoprecipitation and agarose gel electrophoresis. Although the two antigenic
      populations differed in their Factor VIII coagulant activity and in their binding
      to von Willebrand factor, the principal member of both populations is of mol wt
      2.4 X 10(5). Both antigens, when proteolyzed by thrombin, were quickly converted
      to a 1 X 10(5)-mol wt form in association with the appearance of VIII:C activity.
      The 1 X 10(5)-mol wt antigen was further slowly degraded to an 8 X 10(4)-mol wt
      form while Factor VIII coagulant activity declined. These results demonstrate the
      presence of an inactive Factor VIII coagulant protein in plasma, not associated
      with von Willebrand factor, that can react with thrombin to yield Factor VIII
      coagulant activity.

PMID- 6421877
TI  - Role of iron in Trypanosoma cruzi infection of mice.
AB  - The role of iron in experimental infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi was
      investigated. B6 mice had a transient parasitemia and a transient anemia, both of
      maximal intensity 28 d after the inoculation of T. cruzi. There was a biphasic
      hypoferremic host response to infection with T. cruzi with the peak hypoferremia
      also occurring 28 d after inoculation of the parasite. The mortality rate from
      infection was increased from 23% in phosphate-buffered saline-treated B6 mice to
      50% in a group of B6 mice receiving iron-dextran (P less than or equal to 0.025),
      whereas depletion of iron stores with the iron chelator desferrioxamine B and an
      iron-deficient diet provided complete protection of B6 mice (P less than or equal
      to 0.05). The mortality rate in the highly susceptible C3H strain was reduced
      from 100% in the control group to 45% (P less than or equal to 0.025) in the iron
      depleted group. The tissue iron stores were altered in mice receiving either iron
      dextran or desferrioxamine B and an iron-deficient diet. In vitro, T. cruzi was
      shown to require both a heme and a nonheme iron source for an optimal growth
      rate. The effects of iron excess or depletion on the outcome of infection with T.
      cruzi correlated both with the growth requirements of the parasite for iron and
      with the availability of intracellular iron. Thus, it was suggested that the
      hypoferremic response, by sequestering iron within intracellular stores,
      potentially enhanced the pathogenicity of the intracellular parasites.
      Furthermore, the in vivo effects of iron excess and depletion correlated with an
      effect of iron on the growth rate and pathogenicity of the parasite.

PMID- 6421876
TI  - Nature of the renal injury following total renal ischemia in man.
AB  - The effects of total renal ischemia (TRI) of 15-87 min duration due to suprarenal
      clamping of the aorta were studied in 15 mannitol-treated patients undergoing
      abdominal aortic surgery. 15 patients undergoing similar surgery but requiring
      only infrarenal clamping served as controls. 1-2 h following TRI, GFR was reduced
      to only 39% of that in controls, 23 +/- 5 vs. 59 +/- 7 ml/min (P less than
      0.001). This could not be ascribed to impaired renal plasma flow (RPF), which was
      mildly reduced to 331 +/- 71 and was not different from the value in controls,
      407 +/- 66 ml/min. However, impaired PAH extraction (43 +/- 7%) and isosthenuria,
      not present in controls, suggest a primary role for tubular injury in lowering
      GFR at this time. 24 h following TRI, the GFR remained depressed below controls,
      45 +/- 8 vs. 84 +/- 8 ml/min (P less than 0.005), while the transglomerular
      sieving of neutral dextrans was significantly enhanced (radius interval, 24-40
      A). A theoretical analysis of transcapillary solute exchange revealed that these
      findings could be largely explained by a selective reduction of either RPF (-61%)
      or of transmembrane hydraulic pressure difference (-18%) below control values.
      Alternately, a combination of these two factors with changes of smaller magnitude
      could explain the findings. In contrast, a selective increase in oncotic pressure
      or decrease of the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient could be excluded as a
      cause of hypofiltration 24 h after TRI. These observations lead us to suggest
      that the transient azotemia observed following TRI is due to a self-limited
      injury to the nephron that is identical to that seen in overt and sustained forms
      of acute renal failure.

PMID- 6421878
TI  - Correlation between ventilation and brain blood flow during sleep.
AB  - The relationships between brain blood flow (BBF) and ventilation (VI) were
      studied during sleep in 13 goats. Unilateral BBF was continuously measured with
      an electromagnetic flow probe; total and regional BBF were assessed by the
      radioactive microsphere technique in four animals. Interacting changes in VI and
      BBF occurred during both slow wave (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
      During SWS, significant decreases in VI and increases in arterial PCO2 occurred
      compared to wakefulness. BBF during SWS correlated linearly with arterial CO2
      tension (PaCO2); nd the relationship was similar to that for awake goats
      breathing CO2. During REM sleep, VI was significantly less than both the awake
      (W) and SWS states due principally to a decrease in tidal volume. BBF during REM
      sleep was significantly and substantially increased compared with both the W and
      SWS states; this increase was shared by all brain areas. The increase in BBF
      during REM sleep was greater than that predicted from changes in PaCO2. In five
      goats provided with chronic sagittal sinus fistulae, arteriovenous oxygen
      difference was measured in separate studies and found to be significantly lower
      during REM sleep compared with W; brain O2 consumption was similar in magnitude
      in the REM and W states. Thus, the high BBF of REM sleep was also unexplained by
      an increase of brain metabolic activity. We conclude that, during SWS, increases
      in BBF are explained by hypoventilation and hypercapnia. In contrast, during REM
      sleep, BBF is substantially in excess of that expected from PaCO2 or brain
      metabolism. It is postulated that this excess of BBF during REM sleep could
      reduce the central chemoreceptor pH relative to that present in SWS. The
      combination of reduction of sensitivity to CO2 and lower tissue PCO2 during REM
      sleep makes it likely that the output of the central chemoreceptors during this
      state is less than that during SWS and wakefulness. This may contribute to the
      low tidal volume and respiratory irregularities of this sleep period.

PMID- 6421880
TI  - Inflammatory aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 6421881
TI  - Determining the specific etiology of a new mitral bioprosthetic murmur using echo
      phonocardiography.

PMID- 6421879
TI  - Encainide and its metabolites. Comparative effects in man on ventricular
      arrhythmia and electrocardiographic intervals.
AB  - To assess the relative contributions of encainide and its putatively active
      metabolites, O-demethyl encainide (ODE) and 3 methoxy-O-demethyl encainide
      (3MODE), to the drug's pharmacologic effects, we compared intravenous infusions
      and sustained oral therapy in two phenotypically distinct groups of patients,
      extensive and poor metabolizers of encainide. Unlike poor metabolizers, extensive
      metabolizers had appreciable quantities of both metabolites detectable in plasma
      and had fourfold shorter elimination half-lives for encainide. By quantitating
      electrocardiogram intervals, arrhythmia frequency, and plasma concentrations, we
      found that, in poor metabolizers, arrhythmia suppression and ventricular complex
      (QRS) prolongation were correlated positively with encainide concentrations (r
      greater than or equal to 0.570, P less than 0.014). In these two subjects,
      antiarrhythmic concentrations of encainide (greater than 265 ng/ml) were at least
      fivefold higher than those sustained in the six extensive metabolizers during
      steady state oral therapy. In extensive metabolizers, encainide concentrations
      were uncorrelated with effects. Arrhythmia suppression and QRS prolongation in
      extensive metabolizers correlated best with ODE (r greater than or equal to
      0.816, P less than 0.001); QTc change correlated positively with both 3MODE and
      ODE. Arrhythmia suppression paralleled QRS prolongation; the relationship between
      them appeared similar in both phenotypic groups. In most patients, extensive
      metabolizers, encainide effects during oral therapy are mediated by metabolites,
      probably ODE.

PMID- 6421882
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of uterine perforation following suction curettage.

PMID- 6421883
TI  - Hydramnios caused by pure megacystis.

PMID- 6421884
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of a fetus with an extremely narrow thorax and short limb
      dwarfism.

PMID- 6421885
TI  - Occult thoraco-abdominal dissecting aneurysm in a patient with Marfan's syndrome-
      diagnosis by real-time ultrasound.

PMID- 6421886
TI  - Sonographic aspect of hypertrophic diaphragmatic muscular bundles.

PMID- 6421887
TI  - Screening for diffuse and focal liver disease: the case for hepatic sonography.

PMID- 6421888
TI  - Screening for diffuse and focal liver disease: the case for hepatic scintigraphy.

PMID- 6421889
TI  - Screening for diffuse and focal liver disease: the case for hepatic computed
      tomography.
AB  - I believe that CT should usually be the first choice for examining patients with
      suspected liver disease. Precontrast scans may suffice when results are clearly
      abnormal, but when contrast is given it should be in a high dose, bolus injection
      with rapid sequential scanning and table incrementation. This opinion is based
      upon: (1) the greater sensitivity and specificity of contrast enhanced CT
      compared to sonography and radionuclide scanning in focal liver lesions; (2) the
      ability of CT to detect diffuse liver abnormalities; (3) the greater ease in
      standardizing the CT examination and interpretation; (4) the ability of CT to
      predict accurately the histology of many focal and diffuse liver diseases; and
      (5) the superiority of CT in accurately detecting and characterizing extrahepatic
      abnormalities. The advantages of CT are somewhat mitigated by its limited
      availability, and relatively greater risk and cost, but these factors are often
      overcome by facilitating diagnosis and management by more accurate initial
      evaluation. Sonography may be done first when fast CT scanners are not available,
      when intravenous contrast cannot be administered satisfactorily, when other
      problems arise with technique, for patients requiring sonography for other
      reasons, or when delays for scheduling CT scans are too long. Radionuclide liver
      spleen scanning should play a very limited role in the early evaluation of liver
      disease, being reserved for occasionally clarifying the presence of diffuse liver
      disease, or for patients difficult to study either by CT or sonography.

PMID- 6421890
TI  - Screening for diffuse and focal liver disease: a surgeon's viewpoint.

PMID- 6421891
TI  - Screening for diffuse and focal liver disease: a gastroenterologist's viewpoint.

PMID- 6421892
TI  - Ultrasound features of a symptomatic splenic hemangioma.

PMID- 6421893
TI  - Ultrasound case report of hepatic teratoma in newborn.

PMID- 6421895
TI  - Intestinal lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase in 373 patients with
      coeliac disease.
AB  - Lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured in 833
      peroral small intestinal biopsies from 373 patients with coeliac disease. Enzyme
      activities decreased with increasing degrees of mucosal damage. Enzyme activities
      in mucosae of patients with coeliac disease in remission were lower than in
      control groups matched for age, sex, and site of biopsy. Enzyme activities were
      measured in 81 patients when the mucosa was severely damaged and later when
      considerable improvement had occurred. Lactase activity remained low in 13% of
      patients under the age of 18 and in 33% of those over 18 years. Sucrase activity
      usually improved with histological recovery, but alkaline phosphatase activity
      tended to remain depressed in patients in whom lactase activity failed to
      improve.

PMID- 6421894
TI  - Detection and identification of serum monoclonal immunoglobulin by
      immunoisoelectric focusing. Limits of sensitivity and use during relapse of
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - The limits of detection of four classes of monoclonal immunoglobulin and free
      light chain in serum by isoelectric focusing and immunoisoelectric focusing have
      been determined and the sensitivity of these techniques compared with that
      obtained using immunoelectrophoresis and zonal electrophoresis with
      immunofixation. Immunoisoelectric focusing was 10-40 times more sensitive than
      immunoelectrophoresis and could be used to detect concentrations of monoclonal
      immunoglobulin that were undetectable by zonal electrophoresis with
      immunofixation. The relevance of this work in monitoring multiple myeloma during
      treatment and relapse is discussed.

PMID- 6421896
TI  - Is the antimicrobial removal device a cost-effective addition to conventional
      blood cultures?
AB  - Two hundred and thirty-four blood cultures from 140 patients receiving
      antibiotics were processed using the antimicrobial removal device (ARD) in
      parallel with conventional blood cultures. One hundred and seventy cultures were
      obtained from patients suspected to have bacteraemia and 64 from patients known
      to have a positive conventional blood culture within the preceding three days. A
      total of 38 (16.2%) ARD-processed cultures were positive, compared with 21 (8.9%)
      conventional cultures (p less than 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). No instances of
      positive conventional cultures and negative ARD-processed cultures were
      identified. Thirty-three of 38 ARD-processed cultures became positive within 24
      h, compared with 14 parallel conventional cultures (p less than 0.0001 Fisher's
      exact test). Although the yield and rapidity of isolation of bacteria from blood
      were improved by ARD processing, in only one of 140 patients did this information
      alter treatment. As the use of an ARD is associated with a sixfold increase in
      the cost of blood cultures, we conclude that, in our hands, general use of the
      device in patients receiving antibiotics is not cost-effective. Considerable care
      should be taken in selecting patients for ARD-processing of blood cultures.

PMID- 6421897
TI  - Tuberculosis and sterile pyuria.

PMID- 6421898
TI  - 1983 Fones Medal recipient. Michael J Zazzaro: reflections on the past, present
      and future of dentistry.

PMID- 6421899
TI  - A simplified reliable impression technique using vinyl polysiloxane impression
      materials.

PMID- 6421900
TI  - The hazards of mercury intoxication and its prevention in dental clinical
      practice.

PMID- 6421901
TI  - Ethics: the refresher course curriculum.

PMID- 6421902
TI  - Needs assessment and evaluation: methods utilized in nursing continuing education
      programs.

PMID- 6421903
TI  - Nurse educators: back to the bedside.

PMID- 6421904
TI  - CE by appointment: meeting continuing education needs and cost containment.

PMID- 6421905
TI  - Experiential workshops: new approaches to continuing education for gerontological
      nursing.

PMID- 6421906
TI  - Program evaluation: factors influencing results.

PMID- 6421908
TI  - Notes on continuing education: lecturing guidelines.

PMID- 6421907
TI  - Living history series: Jeanette G. Chamberlain. Interview by PS Wise.

PMID- 6421909
TI  - Variation in epidermal structure as function of different fixation times: an
      electron microscopic study.

PMID- 6421910
TI  - Disruptive adolescents in the school system: comparative effectiveness of helping
      strategies.
AB  - Large sums of money are often spent on setting up different systems of helping or
      managing disruptive adolescents in the school system, without reference to
      objective data on effectiveness. This paper considers 24 alternative systems,
      scrutinizes the evaluation research on each, and notes that the most expensive
      systems are not necessarily the most effective. Furthermore, the task of
      resolving behavioural difficulties may be either under- or over-resourced in
      individual cases, building in either failure or waste. A guide is given to
      developing a sequence of intervention strategies of known cost-effectiveness,
      providing a fail-safe structure for helping disruptive adolescents in educational
      settings.

PMID- 6421911
TI  - The developing economics of dentistry--some concerns for the future in the USA.

PMID- 6421912
TI  - State of the art on sealant research and priorities for further research.

PMID- 6421913
TI  - Fissure sealants: clinical and economic factors.
AB  - Existing data on the economics of sealant use are insufficient to permit firm
      conclusions; an additional handicap is that both data and attitudes are based
      principally on results with first-generation sealants when it is clear that
      greatly improved materials are now available. The limited data plus the preceding
      discussion of issues, however, do allow the following statements by way of
      conclusions. In public programs, few would argue that the cost-effectiveness of
      sealants would be enhanced by: (a) Using trained auxiliaries to apply sealant to
      the fullest extent allowed by law. (b) Applying the most recently developed
      sealants in which retention rates appear to be most favorable. (c) Their
      application in areas where proximal caries is low. This means many communities in
      the United States at present, especially fluoridated areas. Although marginal
      benefits have not been determined, sealants would appear to complement the use of
      fluoride. There is less clarity on other areas where some tradeoffs would be
      required, for the nature of the tradeoffs cannot be specified. These areas
      include: (d) Whether the program should be based on a single application or
      whether there should be annual checks and reapplications. Reapplications will
      push effectiveness closer to 100 percent, but will incur greater costs. The ideal
      situation would be virtual 100 percent retention of sealant over a long time
      following a single application, but that outcome is unlikely in a public program.
      (e) Whether all molars and premolars should be sealed. There is general agreement
      that first and second molars should be sealed as soon as possible after eruption
      because of their susceptibility to occlusal caries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6421914
TI  - Effects of calcium and calcium-ionophore on the outgrowing epidermis--possible
      activation of epidermal phospholipase A2.

PMID- 6421915
TI  - Computer simulation to predict patient responses to alterations in the
      ventilation regime.
AB  - We have developed a technique for simulating artificially ventilated patients
      using a computer model of the respiratory system and have investigated its
      ability to predict the patient's response to alterations in the ventilation
      regime. The majority of those studied were in a stable condition following
      cardiac surgery. Predictions for PaO2 showed a reasonable correlation with
      measured values (r = 0.94), although individual predictions could differ
      appreciably (SEE = +/- 17.3 mmHg). Predictions for PaCO2 correlated less well (r
      = 0.89, SEE = +/- 2.0 mmHg) and there was a consistent tendency to overestimate
      this variable. The least accurate predictions were those for PvO2 (r = 0.61, SEE
      = +/- 3.8 mmHg). Errors in prediction were attributable to deficiencies in the
      model (most importantly the three-compartment lung and the modelling of CO2
      production, storage and excretion), compounded by unpredictable alterations in
      the patient's physiology (mainly Vo2, Vco2 and Qt). However, allowing for
      accepted clinical variability and routine measurement accuracy, the predictions
      are generally reasonable. This suggests that, with some further modifications,
      computer modelling of this, and other, systems may prove to be a clinically and
      educationally useful technique.

PMID- 6421916
TI  - Clinical applications of continuous pH monitoring.

PMID- 6421917
TI  - Upper airway obstruction caused by massive subcutaneous emphysema.
AB  - Acute upper airway obstruction is a potentially life-threatening event. The most
      common causes include foreign body inhalation, thermal injury, inflammation,
      angioedema and trauma. Airway obstruction caused by submucosal extension of
      subcutaneous emphysema has only been previously reported once. We report the case
      of a patient who suffered a respiratory arrest as a result of hypopharyngeal and
      laryngeal swelling associated with massive subcutaneous emphysema.

PMID- 6421918
TI  - Effect of sodium cromoglycate on histamine inhalation tests.
AB  - Sixteen adult asthmatic subjects in a clinical steady state were included in the
      study. On day 1, after baseline assessment of spirometry (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25
      75), they underwent three to four consecutive inhalation tests using twofold
      increasing doses of histamine to measure the provocative concentration causing a
      fall in FEV1 of 20% (PC20). Baseline FEV1 was back to +/- 5% of the initial
      assessment before each histamine inhalation test (HIT). On days 2, 3, and 4,
      after baseline spirometry which confirmed that FEV1 was within 10% of initial day
      1 assessment, placebo-lactose (P) or 40 mg of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) were
      nebulized in a double-blind randomized 4.3.1. two-treatment crossover study
      design. Ten minutes later, spirometry was repeated and followed by an HIT.
      Baseline spirometry was not significantly different on each day or after P and
      SCG. There was no statistical difference between the geometric means of the three
      or four PC20's done on day 1, indicating that there is no tachyphylaxis induced
      by repeated HIT. There was no statistical difference between mean PC20 after P
      (0.52 +/- 3.3 (SD) mg/ml), after SCG (0.50 +/- 3.2), and of the three to four HIT
      done on day 1 (0.40 +/- 3.6). We conclude that in asthmatic subjects SCG has no
      acute bronchodilator effect and does not alter the response to inhaled histamine.

PMID- 6421919
TI  - Nutrition by hypodermoclysis.
AB  - It is possible to administer fluid subcutaneously at a rate so slow that the
      forces of diffusion and perfusion are able to transfer that fluid to the
      circulation at a rate equal to the rate of its delivery. In clinical practice,
      fluid can be delivered subcutaneously in the presence of hyaluronidase at about 1
      ml per minute without the accumulation of edema. Thus, 1500 ml can be delivered
      in 24 hours at a single site, and 3000 ml of fluid can be delivered at two sites
      in 24 hours. This procedure, called hypodermoclysis, is used for hydration. It is
      particularly useful for the aged patient in the long-term care institution when
      it will save the patient from the dangers of hospitalization and save society
      from its costs.

PMID- 6421920
TI  - Extraordinary nutritional support: a case study and ethical analysis.
AB  - Ethical issues surrounding decisions to limit treatment often focus on dramatic
      and highly technical interventions, such as mechanical ventilation. Many less
      dramatic forms of therapy are considered routine, and ethical aspects of their
      use may be less closely examined. Nutritional support can be crucially important
      in elderly patients, especially the very frail. Yet, appropriate use of
      nutritional therapy must consider the circumstances of an individual patient.
      Where severe underlying illness cannot be reversed, technical means of providing
      nutrition can represent extraordinary rather than ordinary means of prolonging
      life. The following case examines the ethical issues in respecting the apparent
      refusal of nutritional support by a severely debilitated geriatric patient.

PMID- 6421921
TI  - Neurofibromatosis manifested in the foot. Literature review and case
      presentation.

PMID- 6421922
TI  - Calcium concentration of salivary glands and saliva after chemical or surgical
      sympathectomy.
AB  - Calcium concentration of the submaxillary (SM) gland of adult rat was increased
      to 2-3 times control levels 24 h after a single high dose of reserpine (RES) (5
      mg/kg body weight), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (20 mg/kg body weight), or
      surgical removal of a superior cervical ganglion (Sx). The increase could also be
      induced within 24 h after a single injection of lower doses of RES (0.05, 0.5
      mg/kg body weight). Increase in calcium concentration in the parotid (PA) was not
      found under any of the above conditions, but did occur transiently at times
      within 24 h. The increase in glandular calcium concentration was found to be
      temporally related to depletion of norepinephrine (NE). The time frame for
      initiation of calcium changes was not the same for chemical and surgical
      sympathectomy (Sx). Increase in calcium concentration occurred after onset of
      sympathectomy-induced degeneration secretion; the onset varied with the kind of
      sympathectomy, and was seen 1 h after drug administration with either RES or 6
      OHDA, but not until about 13 h after surgical Sx. Similarly, NE was markedly
      depleted, but later with surgical than with chemical Sx. Furthermore, with both
      kinds of sympathectomy, depletion of NE occurred earlier with PA than with SM,
      since normal basal levels of NE of SM are 3 times as great (3400 ng/g wet
      weight), compared with PA levels (1300 ng/g wet weight). The fact that NED was
      the neurotransmitter eliciting the degeneration secretion was confirmed
      physiologically by examination of the composition of this secretion.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421923
TI  - Hospital rate regulation: American and foreign comparisons.
AB  - Rate regulation in the United States usually is inspired by widespread indignant
      pressures to protect the public against venal exploitation. Rate regulation of
      American hospitals does not ride such a wave of outrage but is motivated by the
      need to restrain Medicaid spending and insurance premium increases in some
      states. Hospital rate regulation in America lacks strong political support, makes
      many politically prudent concessions to hospitals, and is often threatened by
      repeal. Since Americans distrust regulators and since individual scrutiny of so
      many hospitals is burdensome and contentious, they often seek automatic formulae
      that will produce equitable results by rational calculation. In contrast, rate
      regulation in Europe is a method of refereeing between hospitals and alert third
      parties. Hospitals' prospective budgets are always scrutinized by regulators.
      Guidelines are transmitted by government to link public policy to hospital
      payment, and the regulators apply the guidelines to each hospital's individual
      situation. The system results in less contention and more stability in European
      than in American regulation. Certain features of European hospital practice have
      kept hospital costs high, but the regulators are now reducing annual increases in
      costs below America's. In order to reduce cost increases further, Europe is
      moving toward global budgeting and public grants of hospitals' operating costs,
      instead of regulation of unit rates. However, regulators may still be essential
      to scrutinize hospital prospective budgets and to investigate the merits of the
      claims by individual establishments.

PMID- 6421924
TI  - On "Health care in Canada: patterns of funding and regulation".

PMID- 6421925
TI  - The role of Ia molecules in the activation of T lymphocytes. IV. The basis of the
      thymocyte IL 1 response and its possible role in the generation of the T cell
      repertoire.
AB  - The activation requirements for thymocyte proliferation were investigated.
      Thymocytes proliferate in the presence of exogenous interleukin 1, which has been
      used as the classic assay for this factor. This response, however, is greatly
      decreased in cultures of purified thymic T cells. Purified thymic T cells will
      proliferate in the presence of IL 1 if accessory cells are added to culture. The
      requisite accessory cell is a non-T, adherent, radioresistant cell found in
      macrophage/dendritic cell-enriched fractions of both thymus and spleen. This cell
      bears Ia molecules, which are critically involved in the activation of
      thymocytes. This thymocyte-accessory cell interaction is not dependent on
      exogenous nominal antigens. Therefore, it appears that IL 1 allows the expansion
      of thymocytes with specificity for self-class II MHC antigens. This response was
      found to be unique to this stage of T cell development and can be observed with
      both mature and immature thymic T cell subsets. The implications of these
      findings for the physiologic expansion of self-restricted T cells in the thymus
      are discussed.

PMID- 6421926
TI  - mIgM:mIgD ratios on B cells: mean mIgD expression exceeds mIgM by 10-fold on most
      splenic B cells.
AB  - The relative frequency of mIgM and mIgD molecules on B cell surfaces is important
      in determining, in large part, the isotype involvement in antigen binding and
      signal transduction. Although it is generally assumed that on most mature B
      cells, mIgM and mIgD occur in roughly equal quantities, no formal analysis of
      this question has been reported. In this report, we describe such an analysis
      based on the quantitation of anti-Fab or anti-kappa specific immunofluorescence
      of splenic B cells before or after capping with rabbit anti-IgD or anti-IgM
      antibodies or both. The results indicate that, whereas mean expression of IgD
      exceeds IgM on splenocytes by threefold, members of the major B cell
      subpopulation (60 to 70% of cells) express 10-fold more IgD than IgM.

PMID- 6421927
TI  - Evidence for specific receptors for interleukin 3 on lymphokine-dependent cell
      lines established from long-term bone marrow cultures.
AB  - Utilizing 125I-labelled IL 3, an assay for specific IL 3 receptors on continuous
      cell lines was developed. The 32D-cl 23 and FDC-P1 cell lines examined were
      originally derived from long-term cultures of murine bone marrow supplemented
      with WEHI-3-conditioned media. Both of these cell lines have been shown to be
      absolutely dependent on IL 3, a component of WEHI-3-conditioned media, for growth
      in vitro. The binding of radiolabeled IL 3 to these cells was found to be
      specific, saturable, reversible, and time and temperature dependent. The
      specificity of IL 3 binding was demonstrated by the failure of a number of
      different lymphokines, hormones, and proteins to compete for the binding of
      radiolabeled IL 3. The IL 3-dependent cell lines uniquely express detectable
      receptors, whereas other cell lines of various types and origin known to be IL 3
      independent had no detectable specific binding of IL 3. A Kd of 5.4 X 10(-11) M
      and a maximum binding capacity of 6.25 fmol per 1 X 10(6) cells was calculated
      for 32D-cl 23 from equilibrium binding studies. A similar analysis for FDC-P1
      yielded a Kd of 1.7 X 10(-11) and a maximum binding capacity of 1.2 fmol per 1 X
      10(6) cells. The data are consistent with the presence of 4000 to 5000 specific
      high-affinity binding sites/cell on 32D-cl 23, whereas FDC-P1 has 1500 to 2500
      specific sites/cell. The Kd calculated for the FDC-P1 cell line from kinetic
      binding data was 2.5 X 10(-11) M, which agreed well with the Kd of 1.7 X 10(-11)
      M calculated from equilibrium data.

PMID- 6421928
TI  - Induction of "latent a2" allotype in a1a1 homozygous rabbits as the major part of
      a bidirectional immune response to immunization with anti-a2 antibody.
AB  - Previously, we induced Ab to a common idiotypic specificity (IdC) of rabbit anti
      a2 VH Ab. We observed then that some of the putative anti-IdC Ab molecules
      induced by immunizing a1a1 rabbits with anti-a2 Ab did not have the expected
      nominal allotypic markers (a1, x32, or y33) characteristic of the genotype of the
      immunized rabbits. Thus, immunization of a1 a1 rabbits with a1 anti-a2 Ab induced
      population of molecules that reacted with anti-a2 Ab but bore an unidentified
      (unknown) VH region marker. The following observations indicate that these
      molecules bear a "latent a2" allotypic marker: (a) when the unknown VH molecules
      were used to immunize a1 a1 and a3 a3 rabbits, anti-a2 Ab was produced; (b) when
      an a2 a2 rabbit was immunized with the same preparation of unknown VH molecules,
      an anti-idiotypic Ab was produced; and (c) when the unknown VH molecules were
      used to inhibit the binding of labeled a2 IgG to anti-a2 Ab, the inhibition curve
      obtained was essentially the same as that obtained by using normal a2 IgG. Thus,
      immunization of a1 a1 rabbits with a1 anti-a2 Ab provided a bidirectional
      stimulus to produce both nominal "a1" anti-IdC Ab and a "latent a2" allotype. The
      distribution of nominal to latent allotypes induced ranged from 3% nominal/92%
      latent to 57% nominal/23% latent. In absolute terms, the maximum amount of
      "latent a2" molecules was 1.18 mg/ml of serum, which far exceeds the amount of
      latent allotype described by others (0.3 mg/ml of serum). The effective induction
      of large amounts of "latent a2" allotype may have resulted from a simultaneous
      stimulation of an idiotope and a paratope on the surface of the "latent a2"
      producing cells.

PMID- 6421929
TI  - Immunoglobulin light chain classes in a teleost fish.
AB  - Analysis of predominant, approximately 700,000 dalton serum antibody (Ab) of the
      channel catfish by SDS-PAGE revealed only one molecular mass species of heavy (H)
      chain (approximately 70,000 daltons), whereas a marked heterogeneity in the
      relative mobilities of the light (L) chains was evident. Three molecular mass L
      chain variants of approximately 26,000, approximately 24,000, and approximately
      22,000 daltons were observed. The relationships between the L chain variants were
      not clear until mouse monoclonal Ab (mAb) reactive with catfish immunoglobulin
      (Ig) were developed. Two of these mAb, designated 3F12 and 1G7, were found to
      independently recognize different populations of catfish Ig. In addition, when
      these two mAb were used in combination they immunoprecipitated greater than 95%
      of specifically purified catfish anti-DNP or anti-fluorescein Ab. The L chains of
      catfish Ig recovered from immunoabsorbent affinity matrices conjugated with
      either mAb 3F12 or 1G7 were found to be clearly distinct. Monoclonal Ab 3F12
      reacted with a subpopulation of catfish Ig that contained the approximately
      24,000 and approximately 22,000 dalton L chain variants, whereas mAb 1G7 reacted
      with another subpopulation of catfish Ig that contained only the approximately
      26,000 dalton L chain variant. Solid phase plate binding assays with the use of
      mildly reduced catfish Ig H and L chains showed that both of these mAb
      preferentially reacted with catfish L chains. Subsequent analysis of the two
      antigenically distinct L chain populations by peptide mapping procedures
      demonstrated that these L chains were structurally different. Furthermore,
      analysis of the serum from individual catfish showed the presence of both L chain
      types in each of 25 catfish examined. These studies strongly suggest that
      distinct L chain classes have evolved in fish.

PMID- 6421930
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan profiles in cloned granulated lymphocytes with natural killer
      function and in cultured mast cells: their potential use as biochemical markers.
AB  - Proteoglycans from three cloned, granulated lymphocyte cell lines with natural
      killer (NK) function (NKB61A2, HY-3, H-1) and one mast cell line (PT-18) were
      labeled with [35S]sulfate. [35S]proteoglycans were extracted in 1 M NaCl with
      protease inhibitors to preserve their native structure and were separated from
      unincorporated [35S]sulfate by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. [35S]proteoglycans
      from all four cell lines were chromatographed over Sepharose 4B and were found to
      have a similar range of m.w. The [35S]glycosaminoglycans from each cell line were
      then separated from parent proteoglycans by treatment with 0.5 M NaOH. The
      [35S]glycosaminoglycans from the three lymphocyte cell lines exhibited a similar
      m.w. as assessed by Sepharose 4B gel filtration, whereas the
      [35S]glycosaminoglycans from the mast cell line chromatographed as a smaller m.w.
      molecule. [35S )glycosaminoglycan charge characteristics were evaluated with DEAE
      C1-6B ion exchange chromatography. The consistency of the elution patterns was
      determined by using [35S]glycosaminoglycans obtained from radiolabelings of each
      cell line separated by 6 mo in culture. Each NK lymphocyte cell line reproducibly
      produced two distinct [35S]glycosaminoglycan chains that eluted in two regions
      well before the commercial heparin marker. The proportions of each chain were
      dependent upon the specific cell line. The mast cell line produced a single
      [35S]glycosaminoglycan chain, which eluted overlapping the internal commercial
      heparin marker, consistent with its higher charge characteristics.
      [35S]glycosaminoglycans from all cell lines were identified as chondroitin
      sulfates with the use of specific polysaccharidases. The NK lymphocyte
      glycosaminoglycans contained chondroitin 4-sulfate disaccharides. The mast cell
      glycosaminoglycans contained oversulfated disaccharides and chondroitin 4-sulfate
      disaccharides. Thus, each granulated NK lymphocyte cell line produced chondroitin
      sulfate glycosaminoglycans that were characteristic of that cell line and of
      different composition and less charge than those produced by cultured mast cells.
      These findings demonstrate that glycosaminoglycan profiles are useful biochemical
      markers in the characterization of diverse granulated cell lines including NK
      lymphocytes and mast cells.

PMID- 6421931
TI  - IgE immune complexes induce immediate and prolonged release of leukotriene C4
      (LTC4) from rat alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages obtained by lung lavage from rats were incubated with
      monoclonal mouse anti-DNP IgE and specific antigen (DNP-HSA) and were found to
      release a slow reacting substance (SRS), which was characterized by high
      performance liquid chromatography as leukotriene C4 (LTC)4. Alveolar macrophages
      incubated with 1 microM A23187 (calcium ionophore) released similar amounts of
      SRS (6.0 +/- 2.2 and 5.7 +/- 3.7 X 10(-10) mol of LTC4 per 5 X 10(6) alveolar
      macrophages, respectively). The optimal conditions and mechanism of LTC release
      by IgE and antigen were examined. LTC4 release was maximal when freshly retrieved
      alveolar macrophages were incubated for 20 min with 10 micrograms/ml IgE and then
      for 20 min with 100 ng/ml antigen or for 20 min with IgE and antigen that had
      been preincubated together for 30 min at room temperature. In addition, LTC4
      release was maximal when cells were challenged with IgE and antigen in a protein
      free balanced salt solution and when the cells were tumbled to prevent adherence.
      Dose response experiments revealed that macrophages released LTC4 when stimulated
      with as little as 10 ng IgE and 100 ng DNP-HSA. Alveolar macrophages did not
      release LTC when challenged with IgE or DNP-HSA alone. Activation of LTC4 release
      by IgE and antigen was rapid in onset (2.5 to 5 min), and washing to remove fluid
      phase IgE and antigen revealed that once activated, alveolar macrophages were
      capable of prolonged and continuous release of LTC4. Peritoneal lavage cells
      stimulated with IgE and antigen did not release SRS but could release SRS when
      incubated with A23187 (5.7 +/- 1.3 X 10(-10) mol LTC4/5 X 10(6) macrophages). A
      large variability existed between individual rats in the ability of their
      alveolar macrophages to be activated by IgE and antigen to release LTC4. DNP-HSA
      labeled with 125I was used to show formation of immune complexes of IgE and
      antigen when IgE and antigen were incubated together before macrophage challenge.
      IgE immune complexes containing as little as 2 ng of antigen elicited the release
      of LTC4 from alveolar macrophages. These data indicate that rat alveolar
      macrophages release primarily LTC4 when challenged with IgE immune complexes, and
      that the alveolar macrophage may differ in this respect from peritoneal
      macrophages that do not release detectable quantities of LTC4 when challenged
      under identical conditions.

PMID- 6421932
TI  - Deoxyadenosine (AdR) inhibition of newly activated lymphocytes: blockade at the
      G0-G1 interface.
AB  - The mechanism responsible for the lymphocytotoxicity associated with congenital
      adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency has been ascribed to an accumulation of
      dATP. Elevated levels of dATP can then lead to inhibition of DNA synthesis by
      inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and causing a depletion of the other
      deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTP). This hypothesis was derived principally
      from studies with murine and human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) and apparently
      confirmed in a limited number of investigations with lectin-stimulated
      lymphocytes. Our biochemical studies of lectin-stimulated mouse and human
      lymphocytes were not consistent with the dATP model and suggested that AdR
      exerted effects on lymphocyte activation that preceded the initiation of DNA
      synthesis. In the current studies, we focused on the effects of AdR on the early
      events in T lymphocyte activation, because we found they were the most sensitive
      to AdR toxicity. AdR blocked neither the production of T cell growth factor
      (TCGF) by lectin-stimulated lymphocytes nor the expression of TCGF receptors as
      detected by the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody that recognizes the human TCGF
      receptor. AdR did, however, block the early TCGF-dependent events leading to the
      entry into the cell cycle. By using the metachromatic fluorescence stain acridine
      orange, we found that AdR blocked the increased synthesis of RNA that
      characterizes the entry into the G1 phase of the cell cycle from the G0, resting
      state. Because these early effects were caused by the lowest doses of AdR, and
      because they preceded the synthesis of DNA by 15 to 20 hr, it suggested that
      these effects may be principally responsible for the in vivo toxicity associated
      with ADA deficiency. Furthermore, none of the other proposed biochemical
      mechanisms, e.g., inhibition of methylation, diminution of ATP levels, or
      incorporation of AdR into polyadenylated RNA, appeared adequate to explain AdR
      toxicity during T lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6421933
TI  - Role of inflammatory cells in Chagas' disease. I. Uptake and mechanism of
      destruction of intracellular (amastigote) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi by human
      eosinophils.
AB  - The ability of human eosinophils (EOS) to take up and kill intracellular
      (amastigote, AMA) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated as a part of our
      efforts to define the role of inflammatory cells, typically found in acute
      chagasic lesions, in clearance and destruction of the parasite. In experiments in
      which purified EOS and AMA were mixed and allowed to interact for 1 hr, EOS
      uptake of the parasites was demonstrable by electron microscopy and was confirmed
      by measurements of incorporation of [3H]AMA. The degree of parasite uptake
      increased with the AMA to EOS ratio, and was detectable as early as 20 min after
      the initial contact. After 1 hr, a time when minimal AMA damage was noted, 40% of
      the EOS were found to contain parasites. Damage inflicted on the AMA was
      frequently seen 2 hr after removal of free AMA; largely destroyed parasites were
      a common occurrence after 4 hr. The electron microscopic observations were
      confirmed by kinetic measurements of the release of 3H-labeled materials by EOS
      that had ingested radiolabeled AMA. The AMA were systematically found within the
      EOS vacuoles and were never seen free in the cytoplasm. Fusion of the EOS
      granules with AMA-containing vacuoles was frequently observed and the presence of
      EOS granule major basic protein (MBP) in the vacuole content was demonstrated
      immunocytochemically. MBP was around the AMA and bound to parasite structures,
      including the subpellicular microtubules. Heparin, a polyanion previously shown
      to abrogate MBP-mediated destruction of blood forms of T. cruzi, inhibited
      intracellular killing of AMA by EOS. Two other polyanions, chondroitin sulfate
      and dextran sulfate, had similar effects. In an EOS-free system, the presence of
      MBP resulted in AMA lysis; this reaction was inhibited by anti-MBP antibody.
      Taken together, these results favor the notion that EOS contribute to the
      elimination of T. cruzi AMA from infected tissues through phagocytosis, leading
      to an intravacuolar lytic process in which at least MBP plays a role.

PMID- 6421934
TI  - Use of a zwitterionic detergent for the restoration of the antibody-binding
      capacity of electroblotted meningococcal outer membrane proteins.
AB  - A method is described for the partial restoration of the antibody-binding
      capacity of meningococcal class 2 outer membrane proteins (40-42 K molecular
      weight) following denaturation (dissociation) in boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS). The method relies on the presence of 0.1-0.4% zwitterionic detergent in
      the electrode buffer during the electroblot transfer of proteins from SDS
      polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose paper. Meningococcal class 2 proteins which
      had lost their earlier capacity to bind mouse monoclonal antibodies in the normal
      blot procedure after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, bound monoclonal
      antibodies following the addition of the zwitterionic detergent to the blot
      buffer. Human post-vaccination anti-class 2 protein antibodies reacted with
      serotype 2a class 2 protein in a similar manner. This simple modification to the
      electroblot procedure proved helpful in identifying mouse monoclonal antibodies
      and human antibodies specific for native meningococcal class 2 proteins.

PMID- 6421935
TI  - Human C1q: rapid isolation and quantitative determination by immunodiffusion.
AB  - A simple and rapid 2-step procedure for isolating C1q from human plasma at high
      yields (about 50%) is described. The purification involves diaminopropane
      precipitation followed by chromatography on IgG-Sepharose. The final product
      (obtained at a concentration of about 1.5 mg/ml) was electrophoretically and
      immunochemically pure and stable at -70 degrees C for long periods. The Mancini
      technique for the quantitative determination of C1q was reinvestigated and the
      use of gels containing high salt concentrations (1.0 M NaCl) was found to be
      absolutely necessary. A value of 0.076 mg/ml C1q in pooled human plasma was
      obtained.

PMID- 6421936
TI  - Some fixation reagents reduce or abolish the detectability of Ia-antigen and HLA
      DR on cells.
AB  - The effect of paraformaldehyde (PF), glutaraldehyde (GT), methanol (ME), ethanol
      (ET) and acetone (AC) fixation on the detectability of Ia antigens on murine and
      rat peritoneal exudate (PE) and resident peritoneal (RP) macrophages (M phi), and
      on detectability of HLA-DR antigens on human blood leukocytes (HBL) and human
      splenic M phi (HSM phi) was examined. Ia-antigen on Mo from H-2k mice was
      detected by a rosetting assay using erythrocytes (E) to which a monoclonal
      antibody (MoAb) reactive to Ia.2 (E anti-Ia.2) had been coupled, and by the
      direct binding of 125I-labeled anti-Ia.2. The antigen was detected on
      Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rat RPMo splenocytes (SC) by rosetting with E coupled with a
      MoAb to the murine determinate Ia.17, which cross-reacts with an Ia-like molecule
      on cells from the W/Fu strain. HLA-DR framework determinants were detected on HBL
      and HSMo by the binding of 125I-labeled MoAb and by an avidin-biotinylated
      peroxidase procedure. Exposure of murine PEMo or RPMo to 1% PF or 0.5% GT for 15
      min at room temperature reduced 125I-anti-Ia.2 binding and E anti-Ia.2 rosetting
      by at least 60%; the radioimmunoassay was more affected by the fixatives than was
      the rosetting assay. Further, PEMo were more sensitive to the effect of PF
      fixation than were RPMo. Treatment of freshly isolated RPMo with 1% PF reduced
      the proportion of Ia-bearing cells detected by the rosetting assay by greater
      than 50%. Culturing alone did not affect the detectability of Ia on RPMo as
      assessed by the rosetting test, but cultured RPMo were more sensitive to the
      effects of FX fixation than fresh cells except when lymphokine from Con A
      stimulated murine SC was included in the culture medium. Similar losses of HLA-DR
      were recorded when HBL and HSMo were exposed to PF, GT, ME or ET, but brief (less
      than 20 s) treatment with cold AC did not appreciably reduce antigen
      detectability. Procedures in which fixation takes place after the primary
      antibody binding step did not result in an appreciable loss of detectable Ia.
      Thus, commonly used fixatives affect the detectability of Ia and Ia-like antigens
      on a variety of cells. Results obtained from assays on cells treated prior to the
      primary antibody binding step, therefore, must be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 6421937
TI  - Potentiation of nonspecific immunotherapy of experimental lung metastases by
      indomethacin.
AB  - Intraperitoneal treatment with the interferon inducer, maleic anhydride-divinyl
      ether copolymer (MVE), has previously been demonstrated to effectively reduce
      metastatic growth in the lungs and prolong survival times of BALB/c mice bearing
      the syngeneic Madison lung (M109) carcinoma. Resistance to lung metastasis
      formation induced by MVE appears to result from an activation of alveolar
      macrophage function. Since E-type prostaglandins (PGE) suppress the cytotoxic
      activity of activated macrophages, we sought to determine the effect of
      indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, on the antimetastatic
      activity of MVE. An artificial metastasis model was developed in which single
      cell suspensions of the M109 tumor were injected i.v. into BALB/c mice. A 52,600
      molecular weight fraction of MVE (MVE-5) was administered i.p. at 20 mg/kg two
      days prior to tumor inoculation. MVE-5 treatment produced greater than 80 percent
      reduction in macroscopic lung lesion formation at Day 15 and Day 19 after tumor
      inoculation and a resultant 45 percent increase in lifespan. Chronic
      administration of indomethacin in the drinking water at 10 micrograms/ml
      potentiated the MVE-5 antitumor induced macrophage activation in vivo. In the
      absence of any evidence for an interaction between indomethacin and circulating
      M109 cells, it was felt that the potentiating effect could be best explained in
      terms of interference with PGE-mediated feedback inhibition of macrophage
      functional activity.

PMID- 6421938
TI  - Epidemiology of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Liverpool from
      1977 to 1982.
AB  - After the 1976 outbreak of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG)
      infections had been controlled, less than 1 per cent of cases of gonorrhoea in
      Liverpool in 1977 and 1978 were caused by PPNG. Thereafter the steady increase in
      PPNG infections to 5.6 per cent of all cases in 1982 was associated with marked
      changes in epidemiological pattern, plasmids and auxotypes. In 1976 nearly all
      PPNG infections were acquired by young black males living in the inner city from
      women frequenting clubs; the PPNG were all of the African 3.2 megadalton (MD)
      plasmid type and of arginine-requiring auxotype. Between 1977 and 1982 female
      patients were increasingly ship girl prostitutes associating with seamen who
      constituted more than 50 per cent of the male patients. These men and other
      travellers introduced PPNG into Liverpool from the Far East and West Africa. In
      1978 PPNG of the Asian type with 4.4 MD plasmid with or without 24.5 MD transfer
      plasmids were isolated in Liverpool where in 1979 all PPNG carried 4.4 MD and
      24.5 MD plasmids. In 1982 strains of the 'new' African type with 3.2 and 24.5 MD
      plasmids were isolated as were PPNG of the Asian type that had been acquired in
      West Africa. Auxotyping of the 1982 isolates showed that none were arginine
      requiring but three other types were identified: proline-requiring: proline
      arginine-requiring; non-requiring. For the control of PPNG, a strategy based on
      constant vigilance, appropriate diagnostic procedures, rapidly effective
      treatment and determined contact tracing is needed.

PMID- 6421939
TI  - Concanavalin A binding glycoprotein in human stratum corneum.
AB  - A mannose-containing 40K glycoprotein has been identified in the stratum corneum
      of normal human epidermis. It is apparently membrane-bound and in the intact
      epidermis it is inaccessible to either concanavalin A or to trypsin. After it is
      detergent-solubilized, it can be labeled with concanavalin A or destroyed with
      trypsin. There is little or none of this glycoprotein in the viable cells of the
      epidermis.

PMID- 6421940
TI  - Duodenal string-capsule culture compared with bone-marrow, blood, and rectal-swab
      cultures for diagnosing typhoid and paratyphoid fever.
AB  - The sensitivity of duodenal string-capsule culture (DSCC) was compared to that of
      bone-marrow-aspirate culture (BMAC), single 3-ml blood culture (BC), and rectal
      swab culture (RSC) for isolating Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi type A
      from patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever. In 36 of 154 patients DSCC
      could not be used, usually because the patient was too ill to swallow the
      capsule. In the remaining 118 patients DSCC was positive in 57.6%, RSC in 35.6%,
      BC in 54.2%, and BMAC in 85.6%. The sensitivity of DSCC was improved by an
      additional 4.7% if subcultured daily for seven days. The DSCC has no advantage
      over the combination of RSC and BC and is inferior in sensitivity to the BMAC.
      However, when a BMAC cannot be obtained, the addition of the DSCC to BC and RSC
      can be expected to improve the isolation rate by greater than 17%, to at least
      85%.

PMID- 6421941
TI  - Serum sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the role of lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant (FA5100) of a serum-resistant strain of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae (FA19) was found to be highly sensitive to the bactericidal
      activity of normal human serum (NHS). Both strain FA5100 and an unrelated serum
      sensitive clinical isolate (F62) were killed by NHS via the classical complement
      pathway since killing required C2 and Ca++. However, the fact that only strain
      FA5100 was sensitive to human hypogammaglobulinemic and cord serum suggested that
      this strain might activate the classical complement pathway in the absence of
      antibody. Anticomplementary concentrations of LPS from strain FA5100 inhibited
      the bactericidal activity of NHS against either strain FA5100 or strain F62.
      However, concentrations of LPS from strain FA5100 that exhibited marginal
      anticomplementary behavior also inhibited the killing of strain F62 by NHS. The
      ability of LPS from strain FA5100 to inhibit the bactericidal activity of NHS
      against strain FA5100 and to activate complement was reduced by treatment with
      mild alkali. However, alkali-treated LPS from strain FA5100 still inhibited the
      bactericidal activity of NHS against strain F62.

PMID- 6421942
TI  - Infection of human vascular endothelial cells by Rickettsia rickettsii.
AB  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, an obligate
      intracellular bacterial parasite. The organism primarily attacks endothelial
      cells and occasionally attacks smooth-muscle cells of small blood vessels. An
      effective means of examining host-parasite interaction in Rocky Mountain spotted
      fever would be to use an in vitro model system with a host-cell type that is
      similar in structure and function to the putative target cell in human
      infections. Because human umbilical-vein endothelial cells in culture retain
      many, if not all, of their characteristic properties in vivo and because they
      also share many properties of capillary endothelium, the use of this endothelial
      cell system is appropriate in the study of the interaction between R rickettsii
      and the cell that is principally parasitized in humans. Uptake by umbilical-vein
      endothelial-cell cultures of R rickettsii is dose dependent. The organism
      replicates in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells and exhibits early
      cell-to-cell spread without detectable host-cell injury.

PMID- 6421943
TI  - Quantitation and identification of antibodies to outer-membrane proteins of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sera of patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Chronic, overwhelming pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a
      frequent problem in patients with cystic fibrosis. Titers of antibody to the
      outer-membrane proteins of P aeruginosa were 10(1)-10(8) (as measured by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in the sera of 32 patients with cystic
      fibrosis. Fifteen patients who had been colonized with P aeruginosa for 18 months
      to nine years had a geometric mean antibody titer of 1.3 X 10(5)--a value
      approximately 500-fold higher than that for 13 patients with cystic fibrosis who
      had never been colonized or for 16 healthy adults without cystic fibrosis (P less
      than 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between the presence of
      antibody to outer-membrane proteins and the presence of antibody to mucoid
      exopolysaccharide (P less than 0.002). Nineteen serum specimens from the patients
      with cystic fibrosis were allowed to react with Western electophoretic blots of
      separated outer-membrane proteins. All of these sera contained antibodies to
      porin protein F. In addition, antibodies to outer-membrane proteins E, H2, and I
      and to a variety of minor protein components were observed in many sera.

PMID- 6421944
TI  - Renal and auditory toxicity of high-dose, prolonged therapy with gentamicin and
      tobramycin in pseudomonas endocarditis.
AB  - The nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of high-dose (mean, 28.6 g) and
      prolonged (mean, 61.6 days) courses of gentamicin and tobramycin were monitored
      in 15 patients receiving 17 courses of treatment for pseudomonas endocarditis.
      Doses were adjusted in a manner that maintained peak levels of aminoglycoside in
      serum at 12-15 micrograms/ml and trough levels at less than 2 micrograms/ml. Drug
      related renal dysfunction and auditory toxicity occurred in 63% and 44%,
      respectively, of gentamicin-treated patients and in 43% and 25%, respectively, of
      tobramycin-treated patients. Mean maximal rises (+/- SEM) in serum creatinine
      levels were 0.8 (+/- 0.4) mg/dl in the group given gentamicin and 1.6 (+/- 0.7)
      mg/dl in the group given tobramycin. Mean maximal decreases in pure-tone hearing
      threshold levels were greater in gentamicin-treated patients (58.3 dB) than in
      those given tobramycin (22.5 dB). Both forms of toxicity appeared earlier and at
      a smaller dose with gentamicin than with tobramycin.

PMID- 6421945
TI  - Sputum bacteriology in patients with cystic fibrosis in a Toronto hospital during
      1970-1981.

PMID- 6421946
TI  - [Serological studies of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Japan].

PMID- 6421947
TI  - [Identification of Leptospira responsible for Weil's disease by monoclonal
      antibody].

PMID- 6421948
TI  - Enterotoxic activity of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria.

PMID- 6421949
TI  - [Studies on epidemics of influenza. Outbreaks of influenza-like disease, time of
      vaccination and temporary closing of schools].

PMID- 6421950
TI  - [Use of corticosteroid for respiratory failure associated with acute pneumonia].

PMID- 6421951
TI  - [Initial locus of invasion of hemolytic streptococci. I. Streptococcal infection
      induced by aerosol method in mice].

PMID- 6421952
TI  - [Effects of antibiotics on leukocyte functions].

PMID- 6421953
TI  - [Anti-streptococcal esterase (ASE) and ASO in streptococcal infections in
      children].

PMID- 6421954
TI  - [Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility of group A hemolytic Streptococcus
      isolated in 1978-80: decline of erythromycin resistance].

PMID- 6421955
TI  - [Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from sporadic diarrhea].

PMID- 6421956
TI  - [Avian chlamydiosis. II. Wild pigeons].

PMID- 6421957
TI  - [203 cases of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis].

PMID- 6421958
TI  - [Epidemiological studies of recent male gonorrhea].

PMID- 6421959
TI  - [Bacteriological studies of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from gonorrheal urethritis in
      1982].

PMID- 6421960
TI  - [Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken feces and their survival period
      in minced chicken].

PMID- 6421961
TI  - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in patients with chronic granulomatous disease].

PMID- 6421962
TI  - [3 cases of sepsis with drug resistant Acinetobacter anitratus].

PMID- 6421963
TI  - Danazol suppression of gonadal estradiol-17 beta secretion--report of two sibling
      cases with a complete form of testicular feminization on gonadal ultrastructure
      and endocrine status.
AB  - It has been established that the pathogenesis of a complete form of testicular
      feminization syndrome (TFM) is due to end-organ unresponsiveness to androgens. In
      the present study, two sibling cases with TFM have been reported with special
      reference to the effect of danazol (a derivative of 17 alpha-ethynyltestosterone)
      on gonadal estradiol-17 beta (E2) secretion in vivo and in vitro. Both patients
      showed hypergonadotropic-hypergonadism with good response to LH-RH. In one case,
      peripheral blood E2 levels seemed to fall independently of gonadotropins during
      danazol administration in vivo. Administrations of danazol to the culture media
      also inhibited E2 secretion from the cultured monolayered cells of the testes.
      These results suggest a direct inhibitory effect of danazol on gonadal E2
      secretion. However, the feedback mechanisms of hypothalamic-pituitary units to E2
      were preserved in both cases. Spermatogeneses were almost undetectable as in
      immature embryonal testes when using either light or electron microscopies,
      though spermatogonia were differentiated from Sertoli cells by these techniques.
      Finally, plasma T and E2 levels in both patients were considerably lower after
      gonadectomy.

PMID- 6421964
TI  - [Long-term maintenance chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei of ovarian
      origin].

PMID- 6421965
TI  - [Evaluation of cancer chemotherapy in primary ovarian cancer in rats--observation
      of histological effect by light and electron microscopy].
AB  - In order to evaluate the effects of ifosfamide as an anticancer agent, ifosfamide
      was administered to rats with ovarian cancer induced by DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz
      (a) anthracene). Four to five weeks after the chemotherapeutic treatment 16 rats
      were sacrificed and then tumor sizes were compared before and after the
      treatment, and in addition morphologic changes were investigated by light and
      transmission electron microscopy. Of 16 rats, the reductions in tumor size were
      recognized in six cases. A histologic effect was observed in both the tumor
      decreased group and the increased group. One of the latter group showed excellent
      histological chemotherapeutic effect. On light microscopic observation, the
      histologic effects seen were reduction in the amount of neoplastic tissues and
      proliferation of connective tissues. On transmission electron microscopic
      observation, destruction of tumor cells and a reduction in the amount of ribosome
      and chromatin were recognized as the effects of the anticancer drug. Multinuclear
      giant cells, presumably derived from the mesenchym, were found among the
      connective tissues in one case showing a remarkable histologic effect.

PMID- 6421966
TI  - [Endometrial steroid receptor during normal menstrual cycle and physiopathology
      of nidation].
AB  - Human uterine endometrial steroid receptor [estrogen (ER), progestin (PR) and
      androgen (AR) receptors] in the normal menstrual cycle were determined at the
      cellular level. Endometria with pathological out-of-phase findings or with
      hypoplastic uterus were evaluated for the concentration of steroid receptors, for
      a better understanding of their pathophysiology. ER and PR levels gradually rose
      toward the early secretory phase, remained at the maximum level during the mid
      secretory phase and dropped to the lowest level during the late secretory phase.
      Especially nuclear PR reached the maximum level during the mid-secretory phase.
      These results indicate that the endometrial ER and PR, especially the endometrial
      nuclear PR, is kept in the maximum level at implantation. AR showed only a slight
      change in a very low level throughout the menstrual cycle. This indicates that
      androgen may not play so important a role in endometrial physiology. Endometria
      with out-of-phase or with hypoplastic uterus contained significantly low levels
      of endometrial ER and PR, while serum hormones levels were normal. This indicates
      indigenous reduction of ER and PR synthesis in such endometria.

PMID- 6421967
TI  - [Blood levels of estradiol, FSH and LH in women with climacteric syndrome-
      conjugated estrogen therapy].
AB  - To study the types of patients with climacteric syndrome who respond to
      conjugated estrogen therapy, we investigated the results of 1- to 2-month therapy
      in 52 patients by comparing their pre- and post-drug level of blood estradiol
      (E2), FSH and LH as well as comparing information through a questionnaire on
      menopausal complaints listed according to Kupperman. Predrug E2 in the patients
      studied was lower than normal, but the lowering was not significantly specific to
      any particular climacteric symptom. Blood FSH was higher in the patients
      complaining of hot flushing, sweating, depression, feeling of something sticking
      in the throat, and decreased sexual desire, whereas blood LH was higher in the
      patients with hot flushing and sweating. Changes in various symptom were
      investigated in relation to hormonal changes found after conjugated estrogen
      therapy. In the patients whose E2 was increased and FSH and LH were decreased
      after the therapy, hot flushing, cold sensation, excitability and insomnia were
      ameliorated at a high rate. Numbness was favorably treated in the patients
      responding with increased E2, whereas shoulder stiffness, fatigability and
      headache was reduced in those responding with decreased LH.

PMID- 6421968
TI  - [Recovery of gonadotropin-secreting function of the pituitary in the puerperal
      women with eclampsia].
AB  - Recovery of gonadotropin-secreting function of the pituitary has been studied in
      4 puerperal women with episodes of eclampsia during the last pregnancy, delivery
      and/or the first 24 hours after delivery. On day 20 postpartum, hypertension,
      edema and proteinuria were improved in all the puerperal women. Serum FSH and LH
      responses to LH-RH on day 20 postpartum in 3 puerperal women with less than 6
      eclamptic attacks during pregnancy or delivery were at a comparable level to
      those on day 20 postpartum in 4 puerperal women with premature labor between 31
      and 33 weeks' gestation and in 9 normal puerperal women. Serum FSH response to LH
      RH on day 20 postpartum in a puerperal woman with 10 eclamptic attacks during
      pregnancy and the first 24 hours after delivery was lower than those in 4
      puerperal women with premature labor and in 9 normal puerperal women. In the
      puerperal woman with 10 eclamptic attacks, the lowered FSH response to LH-RH on
      day 20 postpartum was apparently improved on day 55 postpartum. However, the FSH
      response to LH-RH on day 55 postpartum was still lower in the puerperal woman
      with 10 eclamptic attacks than in 7 normal puerperal women. These results
      indicate that many eclamptic attacks during pregnancy, delivery and/or the first
      24 hours after delivery may cause perturbation to some extent in recovery of FSH
      secreting function of the pituitary during the puerperium.

PMID- 6421969
TI  - Comment on potential errors in whole-body scintillation counting of 40K.

PMID- 6421970
TI  - Blood coagulation and acute iron toxicity. Reversible iron-induced inactivation
      of serine proteases in vitro.
AB  - Coagulopathy is a hallmark of severe ferrous sulfate poisoning in humans and
      laboratory animals. Although nontransferrin-bound Fe3+ is thought to initiate the
      disorder, little is known about how it interferes with blood coagulation. At iron
      concentrations comparable to those of previous animal investigations, we
      reproduced the coagulopathy, in other words, the dose-related prolongation of the
      prothrombin, thrombin, and partial thromboplastin time, in human plasma in vitro.
      Studies of the mechanism by which iron prevents a normal plasma coagulation
      revealed that the proenzymes of the coagulation cascade and fibrinogen were not
      damaged by iron. Fibrinogen coagulability and fibrin monomer aggregation were
      unaffected by very high iron concentrations. Instead, thrombin was markedly
      inhibited by iron in its clotting effect on fibrinogen and, specifically, in its
      fibrinopeptide A-generating capacity, the inhibitory effect being reversible upon
      iron removal by EDTA chelation and gel filtration. Thrombin generation in the
      presence of iron was reduced as well, indicating an inhibition of one or several
      other enzymes of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. Because the amidolytic
      activity of human thrombin as well as factor Xa, kallikrein, and bovine trypsin
      was also reversibly suppressed by ferrous sulfate as well as ferric citrate, we
      consider it likely that the coagulopathy occurring in iron poisoning is the
      consequence of a general, physiologically important phenomenon: the
      susceptibility of serine proteases to nontransferrin-bound Fe3+.

PMID- 6421971
TI  - Platelet cytoskeleton: immunofluorescence studies on ADP and collagen-activated
      platelets.
AB  - Immunofluorescence studies reveal that platelet changes induced by adenosine
      diphosphate and collagen do not include the reorganization of the cytoskeleton in
      such a way as to expose actin, alpha-actinin, or vinculin. However, when such
      platelets were made permeable by saponin, these cytoskeletal proteins were
      present. In studies with collagen, fluorescence was observed along the fibers at
      areas of platelet adhesion and where no platelets were seen by phase microscopy.
      No fluorescence was observed with collagen treated with platelet-poor plasma.
      Scanning electron microscopy of collagen samples treated with platelet-rich
      plasma revealed a fibrillar meshwork with single platelets, platelet aggregates,
      and nodular structures that were smaller in size than individual platelets. These
      nodular structures may represent remnants of platelets still attached to the
      collagen after platelet detachment has occurred. These tenacious collagen
      platelet membrane-binding sites have associated with them cytoplasmic alpha
      actinin and vinculin, proteins that have been proposed by others to anchor actin
      filaments to the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6421972
TI  - New kids on the block.

PMID- 6421973
TI  - Sex differences in gallbladder bile acid composition and hepatic steroid 12 alpha
      hydroxylase activity in hamsters.
AB  - The gallbladder bile acid composition and the activity of the hepatic steroid 12
      alpha-hydroxylase were determined in male and female hamsters. Cholic acid,
      chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid were the major bile acids in both
      sexes; in addition, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were present. A
      sex-linked difference in the ratio of cholic acid (plus its metabolites) to
      chenodeoxycholic acid (plus its metabolite) was observed. The ratio was 1.93 +/-
      0.39 in males and 2.74 +/- 0.54 in females. Another sex-linked difference was
      found in the activity of the 12 alpha-hydroxylase. The extent of the 12 alpha
      hydroxylation of 7 alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to yield 7 alpha, 12 alpha
      dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one was about two times greater in the microsomal
      suspension obtained from the liver of female hamsters than in that of male
      hamsters. A positive correlation between the 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity and
      the ratio of cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid was also observed. These results
      strongly support the proposal that the activity of the 12 alpha-hydroxylase is
      the major factor in determining the relative proportion of cholic acid and
      chenodeoxycholic acid formed from cholesterol in the liver.

PMID- 6421974
TI  - Spur cells in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis are associated with reduced
      plasma levels of apoA-II, HDL3, and LDL.
AB  - The precise nature and origin(s) of the abnormalities in lipoprotein and
      apolipoprotein profile associated with severe hepatic dysfunction and the
      presence of spur cells remain poorly defined. To shed light on this question, we
      have analyzed the plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in five patients
      with alcoholic cirrhosis and spur cells, and compared them with those of a group
      with similar hepatocellular dysfunction, but lacking spur cells, and with that of
      a control group. Lipoproteins were subfractionated by density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and their physicochemical properties were determined;
      apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B contents in plasma and the respective
      subfractions were quantitated by radial immunodiffusion, while the complement of
      low molecular weight apolipoproteins in each subfraction was analyzed by
      isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis in alkaline-urea polyacrylamide gels.
      Spur cell plasma was distinguished by reduced levels of apoA-II and elevated
      ratios of apoA-I/apoA-II (approximately 13:1 as compared to 3.3-3.9:1 in the
      other two groups), and by reduced concentrations of HDL3. Gradient fractionation
      showed the apoA-II content of HDL3 to be dramatically and significantly
      diminished in spur cell plasma; in addition, apoA-II content was reduced relative
      to apoA-I in this subclass (4.7:1 as compared to 1:1 in cirrhotics lacking spur
      cells and 1.9:1 in controls). Spur cell HDL2 was similarly deficient in apoA-II,
      with elevated ratios of apoA-I:apoA-II (9.8:1 in comparison with 1.9-2.5:1 in the
      two other groups). Nonetheless, high HDL2 concentrations were seen in both series
      of cirrhotic patients, irrespective of red cell morphology. Spur cell HDL2 thus
      appears to consist primarily of particles possessing only apoA-I, with a minor
      population containing both apoA-I and apoA-II. The free cholesterol content of
      all lipoprotein subfractions from spur cell plasma was increased, as indeed was
      the molar ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid, in comparison with that of
      corresponding fractions from alcoholic cirrhotics lacking spur cells and of
      control subjects. LDL levels were reduced in spur cell plasma, thereby
      distinguishing this group from the cirrhotics without spur cells who displayed
      elevated LDL levels. Markedly reduced plasma levels of apoA-II, HDL3, and LDL
      appear characteristic of alcoholic cirrhotics presenting with spur cells. Our
      findings suggest that apoA-II may be essential to the normal function and
      metabolism of HDL, one aspect of which may be the transport of free cholesterol
      and thereby the direct or indirect maintenance of red cell morphology.

PMID- 6421975
TI  - Measurement of apolipoprotein A-I concentration in nonhuman primate serum by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
AB  - A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for nonhuman
      primate serum apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is described. The assay is a
      noncompetitive, sandwich ELISA in which polystyrene microtiter plates were used
      with purified, monospecific goat anti-monkey apoA-I antibodies adsorbed on the
      wells. The serum samples were added to the coated wells, incubated, and after
      washing, antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were added. After
      further washing, the bound label was assayed. A heat treatment step, 52 degrees C
      for 3 hr, was used to maximize the apoA-I immunoreactive sites in diluted serum.
      Serum samples extracted with chloroform-methanol, delipidated with
      tetramethylurea, or denatured by heating gave essentially equivalent results. The
      working range of the apoA-I standards was 0.5 to 5 ng and parallel responses were
      observed for apoA-I in serum, in isolated HDL, and in buffer as a purified
      apoprotein. Recovery of apoA-I added to serum was quantitative (106 +/- 3%). The
      intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.2 and 6.9%, respectively.
      The enzyme immunoassay yielded values that compared favorably with those obtained
      by radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.84). ApoA-I concentration in African green
      monkey serum was highly correlated with the HDL cholesterol concentration (r =
      0.86). It is concluded that this ELISA is an accurate and precise method for
      determination of apoA-I concentrations in primate serum.

PMID- 6421976
TI  - Pulsating exophthalmos associated with neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A patient with pulsating exophthalmos is presented. He had facial asymmetry,
      multiple cutaneous cafe-au-lait spots and a subcutaneous nodule, biopsy of which
      showed features consistent with neurofibromatosis. Radiographs of the orbit
      showed a deficiency of the superolateral orbital wall, a feature previously
      recognized as part of neurofibromatosis. This feature probably occurs as a result
      of mesodermal dysplasia. The differential diagnosis and management are discussed.

PMID- 6421977
TI  - Human growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma cells in long-term culture:
      effects of dexamethasone and growth hormone releasing factor.
AB  - Growth hormone-secreting human pituitary adenoma cells in long-term culture show
      a decline in GH secretion. We investigated the effects of dexamethasone on GH
      production and on the responsiveness of the adenoma cells to various drugs.
      Twenty-four-hour GH secretion by cultures from seven acromegalics was
      consistently stimulated by 100 nM-dexamethasone. In four out of seven cultures
      the effect of dexamethasone occurred within 24 h. After 3 weeks in culture the
      decline in GH secretion by control cultures was over 90%, while in dexamethasone
      treated cultures this was limited to less than 50%. The effect of dexamethasone
      was dose-dependent over a range of 1 nmol/l to 10 mumol/l. Dexamethasone
      stimulated not only GH secretion (fivefold), but also GH content (twofold).
      Cycloheximide and actinomycin D blocked the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone
      on GH secretion, the latter irreversibly. After 4 days of treatment with 100 nM
      dexamethasone, the relative effects of somatostatin, prostaglandin E1,
      bromocriptine and thyrotrophin releasing hormone were the same in treated and
      untreated cultures. However, the response to synthetic GH releasing factor (GRF)
      was greatly enhanced by pretreatment of adenoma cells with dexamethasone (100 and
      5 nmol/l). Cells unresponsive to small concentrations of GRF could be stimulated
      effectively by GRF after pretreatment with dexamethasone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6421978
TI  - Effects of potassium and osmolality on spermatozoan motility of salmonid fishes.
AB  - In salmonid fishes, rainbow trout and masu salmon, and the plecoglossid fish,
      ayu, seminal plasma had an osmolality around 300 mosmol kg-1 isotonic to the
      blood plasma, and contained a higher concentration of potassium than the blood
      plasma. Spermatozoa of salmonid fishes were motile when semen was diluted 1:100
      with solutions of sodium chloride or mannitol, over the osmotic range of 0-300
      mosmol kg-1. They were immotile in sodium chloride solution containing several mM
      potassium. This indicates that osmolality is not an essential determinant of
      sperm motility in the Salmonidae, and that sperm motility in these species is
      suppressed by the seminal potassium in the sperm duct, and initiated by a
      decrease in potassium concentration surrounding spawned spermatozoa when they are
      released into fresh water.

PMID- 6421979
TI  - Effects of osmolality and potassium on motility of spermatozoa from freshwater
      cyprinid fishes.
AB  - Spermatozoa of freshwater Cyprinidae (goldfish, carp, crucian carp and dace)
      remained immotile when the semen was diluted in solutions of NaCl, KCl, mannitol
      or glucose iso-osmolar to the seminal plasma (300 mosmol kg-1). The spermatozoa
      became motile in media containing these solutes if the osmolality was lower than
      that of the seminal plasma, suggesting that motility is suppressed by the
      osmolality of the seminal plasma in the sperm duct and initiated by a decrease of
      osmolality upon spawning into fresh water. Potassium was a major component of
      seminal plasma, having a concentration 20-30 times higher than that in the blood
      plasma in goldfish and carp. Sodium concentration in seminal plasma was lower
      than that in blood plasma. Potassium increased viability and speed of sperm
      movement at a concentration below that in the seminal plasma, whereas sodium and
      the nonelectrolytes were less effective. Potassium released with spermatozoa at
      spawning may therefore stimulate motility which has already been initiated by the
      decrease of osmolality.

PMID- 6421980
TI  - Multiple functional sites on a single Ia molecule defined using T cell clones and
      antibodies with chain-determined specificity.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were used to inhibit the proliferation of antigen
      reactive (C57BL6/J X A/J)F1 restricted T cell clones. We have been able to
      subdivide these F1 restricted T cell clones into two groups: one of which
      recognizes the A alpha k A beta b molecule and the other group which recognizes
      the A alpha b A beta k molecule. Using clones with defined reactivities, we could
      assign the reactivities of monoclonals to the A alpha or A beta chains. By
      immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional analysis of Ia molecules from F1 spleen
      cells, we could independently map the reactivities of the mAb as being determined
      by the A alpha or A beta chain. To date, these two methods of chain localization
      of the antibody reactivity have agreed. Further, the differential blocking of the
      A alpha k A beta b restricted T cell clones suggests that there exists more than
      one restriction site per Ia molecule. Increasing the number of possible
      functional Ia restriction sites, either through combinatorial association of
      alpha and beta chains or by using more than one site per molecule, should
      increase the number of ways Ia molecules can function in antigen presentation.

PMID- 6421981
TI  - Evidence for gene conversion among immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region
      genes.
AB  - We have previously reported that the VH region amino acid sequence of a
      phosphocholine (PC)-binding hybridoma antibody of CBA/J origin, HP101 6G6 (6G6),
      differs extensively from the VH regions of other PC-binding antibodies. The
      sequence of 6G6 VH appears to be derived from a gene homologous to the BALB/c V11
      gene, a member of the PC VH (T15 VH) gene family not normally used to encode PC
      binding antibodies. The 6G6 VH sequence differs from the translated sequence of
      V11 by six amino acids, four of which occur at the same position in other members
      of this gene family. This coincidence led to the proposal that the 6G6 VH gene
      was derived by gene conversion involving three genes of the PC VH gene family. We
      report here the nucleic acid sequence of the rearranged VH gene of hybridoma 6G6.
      This sequence supports our previous suggestion of gene conversion by confirming
      those differences, relative to the BALB/c V11 gene sequence, that are encoded by
      other members of this gene family, and extends this correlation to include three
      silent base pair substitutions as well. In addition, 5' noncoding region sequence
      and Southern blot analysis using probes derived from the coding and 5' noncoding
      regions confirm that the 6G6 VH gene is likely to be derived from the V11
      homologue in CBA/J mice, and suggest that all three genes believed to be involved
      in the generation of the 6G6 VH gene are present in the CBA/J genome, a
      prerequisite for their involvement in gene conversion.

PMID- 6421982
TI  - Biological and antigenic similarities of murine interferon-gamma and macrophage
      activating factor.
AB  - Murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) treated with murine recombinant interferon
      gamma (IFN-gamma) (greater than 99% estimated purity), or concanavalin A
      stimulated spleen cell supernatants developed tumoricidal properties (macrophage
      activation factor [MAF] activity). MAF activity was found to occur with
      treatments of 10 U/ml IFN-gamma, and at levels as low as 1 U/ml IFN-gamma if a
      second signal (5 ng/ml endotoxin) was present in the MAF assay. Endotoxin
      (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) alone at these levels failed to induce MAF; induction
      of MAF was observed at 1,000-fold greater levels. The ability of IFN-gamma to
      stimulate murine PEC was species specific. Various sources of materials that
      displayed MAF activity, including supernatants from interleukin 2-dependent
      cloned cytotoxic murine T lymphocyte lines that did not display detectable
      antiviral activity, were neutralized by antibody raised and affinity purified
      against recombinant IFN-gamma. Thus, IFN-gamma, although never detectable by
      antiviral assays, appears to be present in many lymphokine preparations and has
      potent macrophage activation capability.

PMID- 6421983
TI  - Interrelationships of human interferon-gamma with lymphotoxin and monocyte
      cytotoxin.
AB  - Crude preparations of interferon (IFN)-gamma derived from human peripheral blood
      leukocyte (PBL) cultures induced with 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were more cytotoxic to HeLa cells than partially
      purified nautral or highly purified recombinant human IFN-gamma preparations.
      Conditioned media from PBL cultures contained, in addition to IFN-gamma, a
      mixture of cytotoxins, including classic lymphocyte-derived lymphotoxin (LT), and
      a TPA-induced cytotoxic activity produced by the adherent cell population
      (presumably monocytes). These two types of cytotoxins, indistinguishable in the
      mouse L929 cell LT assay, could be differentiated by an antiserum prepared
      against LT derived from the B lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI 1788. This antiserum
      neutralized lymphocyte-derived classic LT but failed to neutralize the activity
      of the monocyte-derived cytotoxin. Processing of conditioned media by sequential
      chromatography on silicic acid, Con A-Sepharose, and DEAE-Sephacel failed to
      separate IFN-gamma from the LT activity. However, this procedure did remove the
      monocyte-derived cytotoxic activity present in the original starting material,
      leaving predominantly classic LT. This LT showed a slightly basic isoelectric
      point (pI 7.6) which partially overlapped the more basic pI range of IFN-gamma.
      The two lymphokine activities also could not be completely separated by fast
      protein liquid chromatography or molecular sieve chromatography. LT in these
      partially purified preparations was associated with a protein having an apparent
      molecular weight of 58,000 on gel filtration. This form dissociated partially
      into a 20,000 mol wt species after denaturation with 0.1% NaDodSO4. IFN-gamma
      could be selectively removed from preparations containing both IFN-gamma and LT
      with the aid of monoclonal antibody to IFN-gamma. The addition of purified LT to
      purified E. coli-derived recombinant human IFN-gamma resulted in a marked
      synergistic enhancement of cytotoxicity for HeLa cells.

PMID- 6421984
TI  - Clonal heterogeneity in the requirement for T3, T4, and T8 molecules in human
      cytolytic T lymphocyte function.
AB  - In an attempt to define the requirement of T8, T4, and T3 surface molecules in
      functional interactions occurring between human cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and
      specific target cells, we have analyzed a large number of CTL clones derived from
      primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) T cell populations for their
      susceptibility to inhibition by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against
      these surface antigens. In most experiments, MLC T cells were stained with B9.4
      (anti-T8) or OKT4 (anti-T4) mAb, separated into positive and negative cells using
      a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and cloned under limiting conditions.
      While the lytic activity of the majority of T8+ CTL clones was inhibited by B9.4
      mAb, approximately 15% of these clones were unaffected even in the presence of
      excess antibody. Flow cytofluorometric analysis of T8 antigen in individual
      clones did not show any correlation between the amount of T8 antigen expressed,
      the magnitude of cytolytic activity and the susceptibility (or lack thereof) to
      inhibition by B9.4 mAb. Of the 16 T4+ CTL clones analyzed, 7 were resistant to
      inhibition by OKT4 mAb even at doses 10-fold higher than that sufficient for
      complete inhibition of susceptible clones. Again, no correlation was found
      between the amount of T4 antigen expressed and the susceptibility to inhibition
      by the corresponding antibody. The same sets of T8+ and T4+ CTL clones were also
      analyzed for their susceptibility to inhibition by OKT3 mAb. Although all of the
      clones expressed the T3 surface antigen, only 15/23 T8+ clones and 9/14 T4+
      clones were inhibited by anti-T3 mAb. To further document this clonal
      heterogeneity, we selected two T3+ T4- T8+ CTL clones that had no concomitant NK
      like activity. One clone was resistant to inhibition by OKT3 mAb, whereas the
      other was highly susceptible. Incubation with OKT3 mAb resulted in modulation of
      the T3 molecules in both clones. Following modulation, however, the cytolytic
      activity of the resistant clones was unaffected, whereas the lytic activity of
      the susceptible clone was abrogated. These results thus indicate extensive clonal
      heterogeneity in the requirement for T3, T4, and T8 molecules in CTL function.
      Moreover, it appears that T3 molecules are not always physically and functionally
      linked to CTL receptor structures.

PMID- 6421985
TI  - Comparative studies on the oxidative processes during phagocytosis measured by
      luminol-dependent chemiluminescence.
AB  - Four different methods, using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, are described
      for assessment of the oxidative processes associated with the phagocytosis of
      opsonized zymosan by granulocytes. The techniques described in the literature
      using whole blood as a substrate gave unreliable results due to quench effects of
      contaminating red blood cells, unpredictable serum interferences, or varying
      ratios of granulocytes and zymosan. In order to avoid these side effects, rapid
      and simple methods for the isolation of the granulocytes were applied, e.g. lysis
      of erythrocytes by ammonium chloride, or the isolation of granulocytes on a
      percoll gradient. The latter procedure proved to be reliable, simple and
      sufficiently quick for a routine application.

PMID- 6421986
TI  - Blood ammonia measurement using a simple reflectometer.
AB  - We have assessed a compact Blood Ammonia Checker System (Ammonia Checker)
      consisting of a reflectometer which measures the intensity of colour formed by
      blood ammonia on a bromocresol green indicator reagent plate. The results show
      good correlation (r = 0.95) with our routine chemical method and a regression
      line y = 0.835X - 1.468. The Ammonia Checker has good precision (CV less than
      10%) at the critical blood ammonia concentration and accurately measures
      predetermined ammonia concentrations. Blood sampling is improved with a precision
      pipette. The Ammonia Checker is simple, convenient and reliable and is ideally
      suited for a laboratory required to perform an urgent blood ammonia measurement.

PMID- 6421987
TI  - Haptoglobin typing, is it clinically necessary for a reliable determination of
      haptoglobin with the single radial immunodiffusion technique?
AB  - Over a period of three years we determined haptoglobin levels by single radial
      immunodiffusion (RID) and the haptoglobin phenotype in over 1700 samples of
      patients suspected of a haemolytic disease. As haptoglobin phenotyping is rather
      laborious and therefore an expensive method, we re-evaluated the diagnostic need
      for phenotyping. From our reference values for the respective phenotypes of
      haptoglobin it may be theoretically argued that phenotyping is still desirable
      when the RID value is in the range 400-1170 mg/l. Limiting ourselves to suspected
      haemolytic diseases, one can abolish phenotyping beyond this narrow range without
      withdrawing important clinical information. From the total group it appeared that
      480 samples lay in this range. In 72 samples (15% of 480) the evaluation of the
      RID values was essentially altered by phenotyping. Careful examination of the
      medical records indicated that in a number of cases laborious phenotyping had
      indeed contributed to the diagnosis.

PMID- 6421988
TI  - Determination of human apolipoproteins A-I, B, and E by laser nephelometry.
AB  - A laser immunonephelometric procedure for the determination of human
      apolipoproteins A-I, B, and E in serum and lipoproteins was developed.
      Coefficients of variation were 2.3%-3.4% within-run, 4.7%-4.9% between-run. Serum
      apolipoprotein A-I values were similar in normal and hyperlipoproteinaemic
      subjects with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.585 to HDL-cholesterol levels.
      LDL-apolipoprotein B values were highly (r = 0.935), VLDL-apolipoprotein B values
      less strongly (r = 0.472) correlated to the corresponding cholesterol levels.
      Serum apolipoprotein E concentrations were distinctly elevated in Type III and
      not correlated to cholesterol values.

PMID- 6421989
TI  - Fibronectin and factor VIII-related antigen in liver cirrhosis and acute liver
      failure.
AB  - The liver is involved in the turnover of fibronectin in two different ways:
      hepatic synthesis contributes substantially to the plasma fibronectin pool, while
      Kupffer-cells, performing an important role of the reticuloendothelial system,
      remove fibronectin opsonized material from the circulation. In 45 patients with
      histologically confirmed liver cirrhosis and six patients with acute liver
      failure due to intoxication we determined fibronectin concentration in plasma by
      electroimmunoassay and additionally measured factor VIII-related antigen, which
      is a large glycoprotein not synthesized in the liver. Fibronectin levels in
      plasma were decreased in liver cirrhosis. This decrease was correlated with the
      extent of porto-caval collateral circulation. Very low levels were found in
      patients with acute liver failure. Factor VIII-related antigen levels were
      greatly increased as a function of the hepatic insufficiency. Between both
      parameters there was a significant inverse correlation. It is concluded that the
      simultaneous determination of both proteins provides reliable information about
      the remaining liver function.

PMID- 6421990
TI  - Management of lithium intoxication.
AB  - Lithium toxicity is usually insidious in onset and presents with a wide spectrum
      of clinical symptoms. Symptoms vary from mild lethargy to seizures and coma.
      Although mild to moderate intoxication can be managed with intravenous saline,
      cases not responding or severe cases should be treated by hemodialysis.
      Iatrogenic fluid and electrolyte disorders often complicate therapy.

PMID- 6421991
TI  - Classification and identification of Mycobacterium africanum by pyrolysis mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Pyrolysis mass spectrometry was used to classify and identify strains of
      Mycobacterium africanum and of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG. The
      multicharacter mass pyrograms were evaluated by computerized data handling
      procedures that were suited for classification and identification. The results
      revealed considerable heterogeneity among the African strains, which was shown to
      be linked to the geographic distribution of the strains. On the basis of a
      routine mass spectrometric identification key the African strains were identified
      without exception as belonging to, what is referred to as the 'Tuberculosis
      complex' (i.e. the clinically relevant group formed by strains of M.
      Tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG). Classification of the strains by means
      of discriminant analysis indicated an intermediate clustering for the majority of
      the African strains and overlap for some African strains with in particular M.
      bovis. It was concluded that from the mass spectrometric data a species status
      for the group of African strains was not justifiable.

PMID- 6421992
TI  - Long-term effects of L-deprenyl in chronic levodopa treated parkinsonian
      patients.
AB  - In a previous communication the results of a three months clinical trial with the
      co-administration of the Beta-type Monoamineoxydase (MAO)-inhibitor L-deprenyl in
      long-term levodopa treated Parkinsonian patients were reported. In view of the
      favourable effects observed in this study, as well as in others, L-deprenyl was
      continued in this patient group and given to other patients, found suitable, for
      periods of four years and more. In the 29 patients reported here, special
      attention was addressed to fluctuating manifestations of chronic levodopa
      therapy. Apart from a considerable subjective improvement, L-deprenyl effected an
      objective improvement in the overall disability score as well as an appreciable
      reduction of "on-off" phenomena in the great majority of the patients.
      Dyskinesias appeared in 4 of the patients and increased mildly in another ten.
      Untoward effects of L-deprenyl were not serious, mostly transitory, and none was
      prohibitive. In 13 of the 29 patients (44.83%) the levodopa dose could be reduced
      by 26.5% +/- 0.46, while in two patients it was raised from 250 mgm to 462.5 mgm
      daily. The present and previous clinical studies show that L-deprenyl is a
      valuable adjunctive agent for the long-term levodopa treated parkinsonian
      patient.

PMID- 6421993
TI  - L-deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The experiences of a six years' follow-up study with L-Deprenyl are summarized. L
      Deprenyl may be effective in influencing the very early Parkinsonian symptoms but
      usually levodopa derivates must be given in addition. In the course of
      substitution therapy L-Deprenyl successfully replaces about 30% of levodopa
      administered to optimally treated patients. Concerning the "on-off" phenomena L
      Deprenyl seems to be beneficial in the mild forms of "end-of-dose deterioration".

PMID- 6421994
TI  - Are different proteins synthesized in distinct domains in a neuron?
AB  - Are different messenger RNA species translated in distinct, limited domains
      within a cell? For the particular case of the giant R2 neuron from Aplysia
      californica an answer to this question is possible for the more abundantly
      synthesized proteins. After brief labeling with 35S-methionine, the R2 neuron
      soma was frozen and divided into two or three parts. The newly synthesized
      proteins were analyzed following two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. No evidence for limited domains of synthesis for 26 abundantly
      synthesized polypeptides in the R2 neuron was found.

PMID- 6421995
TI  - Isolation and immunological characterization of a glycoprotein from adrenal
      chromaffin granules.
AB  - A glycoprotein (s-GP III) was isolated from the soluble lysate of chromaffin
      granules by chromatography with immunoaffinity and lectin columns. An identical
      protein (m-GP III) was shown to be present in the granule membranes. The apparent
      molecular weight of these glycoproteins as determined by the electrophoresis
      system of Laemmli (1970) was 43,000 under reducing conditions. In the absence of
      mercaptoethanol they aggregated to dimers. Antisera were raised against both the
      soluble and the membrane-bound forms of this glycoprotein. With these antisera GP
      III was further characterized: Immunoreplicas were obtained after two-dimensional
      electrophoresis of soluble and membrane-bound proteins of chromaffin granules. GP
      III was identified as a protein with a rather broad pI (4.6-5.3), indicating
      microheterogeneity. As shown by subcellular fractionation, m-GP III is
      specifically confined to chromaffin granules. GP III can therefore be used as a
      marker for the membranes of these organelles. The soluble form is secreted from
      adrenal medulla during stimulation with carbamylcholine chloride. An
      immunologically identical antigen was detected in adeno- and neurohypophysis. The
      physiological function of GP III is still unknown. It does not demonstrate any of
      the enzymatic activities so far known to occur in chromaffin granules.

PMID- 6421996
TI  - Purification and characterization of a membrane-bound enkephalin-forming
      carboxypeptidase, "enkephalin convertase".
AB  - Enkephalin convertase, the enkephalin-synthesizing carboxypeptidase B-like
      enzyme, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine pituitary and
      adrenal chromaffin granule membranes. The membrane-bound enkephalin convertase
      can be solubilized in high yield with 0.5% Triton X-100 in the presence of 1 M
      NaCl. Extensive purification is achieved by affinity chromatography with p
      aminobenzoyl-L-arginine linked to Sepharose 6B. Enzyme purified from both
      pituitary and adrenal chromaffin granule membranes shows a single band by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular
      weight of 52,500, whereas enkephalin convertase purified from soluble extracts of
      these tissues has an apparent molecular weight of 50,000. The regional
      distribution of the membrane-bound enzyme in the rat brain differs from that of
      the soluble enzyme. While the soluble enzyme shows 10-fold variations, resembling
      somewhat the enkephalin peptides, membrane-bound enkephalin convertase is more
      homogeneously distributed throughout the brain. In rat pituitary glands, membrane
      bound enzyme activity is similar in the anterior and posterior lobes, whereas the
      soluble enzyme is enriched in the anterior lobe. Membrane-bound and soluble forms
      of enkephalin convertase isolated from either bovine pituitary glands or adrenal
      chromaffin granules show identical substrate and inhibitor specificities. As with
      the soluble enzyme, membrane-bound enkephalin convertase hydrolyzes [Met]- and
      [Leu]enkephalin-Arg6 and -Lys6 to enkephalin, with no further degradation of the
      pentapeptide.

PMID- 6421997
TI  - Induction of brain ornithine decarboxylase during recovery from metabolic,
      mechanical, thermal, or chemical injury.
AB  - Metabolic, mechanical, thermal, and chemical injury induced ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) activity in rat brain. A two- to sixfold increase in ODC
      activity was measured at 5-9 h after different modes of injury to the brain.
      During the early phase of recovery from transient ischemia, when average protein
      synthesis was less than 50% of control, ODC activity was increased nearly
      fivefold. The rise in activity could be blocked by anisomycin, or reduced by
      intracerebral injections of actinomycin D. Drilling burr holes into the skull,
      injection of the vehicle for actinomycin D, hyperthermia, and freezing lesions
      all caused increased ODC activity. Neurotoxic chemicals (ammonia, methionine
      sulfoximine, acrylamide, carbon tetrachloride, and anisomycin) also increased
      brain ODC activity, whereas other chemicals (mannitol and valine) did not.
      Treatments known to stimulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (carotid
      occlusion, hyperthermia, Cd2+, canavanine, and ethanol) induced ODC activity in
      the liver, whereas only hyperthermia and ethanol caused significant increases in
      spleen ODC activity. All increases in ODC activity were blocked by
      difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ODC. The cellular response
      to noxious or stressful stimuli includes the synthesis of a small number of
      proteins of unknown functions; ODC may be one of these "heat shock" or "trauma"
      proteins.

PMID- 6421998
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of neurite outgrowth in cultures of human foetal brain
      and dorsal root ganglion cells using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for
      human neurofilament protein.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay has been developed to evaluate comparative
      levels of neurofilament protein in developing primary cultures of human foetal
      dorsal root ganglion and brain tissue. The quantitative parameters of the assay,
      relating linearity of response with varying levels of neurofilament protein, were
      verified by comparing the relative binding of human species-specific (BF10) and
      cross-species-reactive (RT97) monoclonal antibodies to mixtures of human and
      baboon spinal cord homogenates that had been passively adsorbed onto microtitre
      wells. In human neural cultures, the localisation of neurofilament protein to
      growing neurites was determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining with anti
      neurofilament antibodies and, using the immunoadsorbent assay, a time-dependent
      increase in the level of neurofilament protein was detected that correlated with
      the morphological time course of neurite development. In the case of dorsal root
      ganglion cells over 6 days in vitro, a seven- to ninefold greater increase in
      neurofilament protein levels was observed in cultures treated with nerve growth
      factor when compared with control unstimulated preparations. The quantitative
      responsiveness of dorsal root ganglion neurones to nerve growth factor detected
      by the neurofilament assay indicates its potential usefulness in the
      identification and analysis of neurotrophic and neurotoxic factors or cellular
      interactions operating in vitro.

PMID- 6421999
TI  - Magnesium transport by brain mitochondria: energy requirement and dependence on
      Ca2+ fluxes.
AB  - The association of Mg2+ ions with mitochondria isolated from guinea pig cerebral
      cortex is investigated and resolved into two components, that bound to the
      surface of both the outer and the inner membranes and that transported into the
      mitochondrial matrix. When rotenone-treated mitochondria are preincubated in a
      Mg2+-containing medium, Mg2+ binding can be measured and actual Mg2+ transport
      determined after the addition of succinate. Mg2+ uptake as well as retention
      within mitochondria is an energy-dependent process linked to substrate oxidation.
      EGTA completely prevents Mg2+ uptake, while the Ca2+ uniporter inhibitor
      Ruthenium Red, along with prevention of Mg2+ uptake, induces a slow efflux of
      accumulated Mg2+ ions. These findings suggest that both inward and outward Mg2+
      movements follow Ca2+ fluxes across the mitochondrial membrane. Modulation of
      Mg2+ movements by mitochondria is therefore suggested to occur within nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 6422000
TI  - Cell-cycle dependence of a ganglioside glycosyltransferase activity and its
      inhibition by enkephalin in a neurotumor cell line.
AB  - Rat glioma X mouse neuroblastoma hybrid neurotumor cells (NG108-15), synchronized
      by amino acid deprivation, showed a cell-cycle-dependent peak of activity of a
      ganglioside N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 14-24 h following release from the
      cell cycle block (S/G2 phase). Maximal expression of two typical lysosomal
      hydrolases, N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase, occurred between
      18 and 21 h following release (S phase), declining to G1 phase levels during the
      peak of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) transferase activity. In addition,
      glycosyltransferase activity in G2 phase cells showed an increase in apparent
      Vmax (suggesting the presence of more enzyme/mg of cell protein) and apparent
      binding affinity for uridine diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) (32
      versus 14 microM) when compared to transferase activity in the G1 phase. However,
      the opioid peptide enkephalin [D-Ala2, D-Leu5], which inhibits ganglioside GalNAc
      transferase activity in unsynchronized NG108-15 cultures, was much more
      inhibitory in whole cells 8 h after release from the cell cycle block (G1 phase)
      than in cells 20 h after release (G2 phase), with 50% inhibition occurring at 2 X
      10(-9) M and 2 X 10(-7) M, respectively. These results suggest that the GalNAc
      transferase activity is regulated in more than one way during the cell cycle,
      since both Vmax and Km changes are observed, and that the cyclic AMP-dependent
      mechanism by which opiates reduce transferase activity is receptor mediated and
      cell cycle dependent.

PMID- 6422001
TI  - Accumulation of thyrotropin releasing hormone by rat hypothalamic slices.
AB  - It has been postulated that thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) may play an
      active role in synaptic transmission. If such is the case, an inactivation
      mechanism must exist, in analogy to other neuroactive substances. In these
      studies we have considered the possibility that TRH may be taken up by rat
      hypothalamic slices. We observed that in the presence of bacitracin TRH was
      stable in the medium up to 90 min. We detected intact [3H]Pro-TRH associated with
      the slices as evidenced by TLC and paper electrophoresis; the association was
      time-dependent up to 60 min, and the maximum tissue-to-medium ratio was 1.3 at
      this time. At 5 min incubation, 30-50% of the TRH was not extracellular, and the
      plot of TRH-associated tissue versus the total amount of tissue was linear up to
      two hypothalami per flask. The association was saturable (Km 1.07 microM) and
      temperature-dependent, and the saturable part of the accumulation was inhibited
      by ouabain, dinitrophenol, and the absence of glucose. These results suggest that
      an uptake mechanism for TRH exists in the hypothalamus; its physiological
      relevance remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6422002
TI  - Feasibility study of combining metronidazole with chemotherapy.
AB  - Metronidazole, 1.5 g/sq m, was administered p.o. to patients with advanced
      malignancies 12 hr and 1 hr before and 6 hr and 24 hr after each of adriamycin,
      BCNU, and mitomycin-C. Doses of adriamycin varied from 50 to 90 mg/sq m. At an
      adriamycin dose of 75 mg/sq m, the median granulocyte nadir was 900/microliters
      and the median platelet nadir was 240,000/microliters. No enhancement of
      stomatitis or cardiotoxicity was noted at the doses studied. Doses of BCNU varied
      from 145 to 265 mg/sq m. At a BCNU dose of 240 mg/sq m, the median granulocyte
      nadir was 2600/microliters and the median platelet nadir was 102,000/microliters.
      Two patients developed hypotension that may have been due to a metronidazole
      alcohol interaction. Doses of mitomycin-C varied from 10 to 20 mg/sq m. At a
      mitomycin-C dose of 20 mg/sq m, the median granulocyte nadir was 1300/microliters
      and the median platelet nadir was 81,000/microliters. Four of 40 patients
      developed pulmonary toxicity and one developed renal toxicity. Of 11 evaluable
      patients treated on the adriamycin regimen, 4 responded and 5 stabilized. With
      BCNU, 7 of 17 responded and 2 stabilized. With mitomycin-C, 2 of 32 responded and
      12 stabilized. Overall, 4 of 8 patients with squamous cell carcinoma or
      adenocarcinoma of the lung attained partial remissions and one had a minor
      response. Using this metronidazole dose schedule, phase II studies are being
      conducted with adriamycin, 75 mg/sq m, in squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of
      the head and neck; with BCNU, 240 mg/sq m, in glioblastomas and squamous cell and
      adenocarcinoma of the lung; and with mitomycin-C, 20 mg/sq m, in adenocarcinomas
      of the breast and colon.

PMID- 6422003
TI  - Extralymphatic involvement in diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Between 1961 and 1982, 543 patients with diffuse histiocytic, mixed, or
      undifferentiated lymphoma were treated at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
      Of this group, 281 (52%) had extralymphatic lesions and the 111 patients with
      stage IE and IIE disease were subjected to analysis. Most patients (94) had
      diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Lymphangiography was performed in 77%, bone marrow
      biopsy in 91%, and diagnostic or staging laparotomy in 52% of the patients. All
      but five patients were treated with megavoltage irradiation and 35 patients
      received combination chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 4.0 years. Kaplan-Meier
      actuarial survival at five and 10 years was 46% and 36%, respectively. Freedom
      from relapse (FFR) at five years was 49% with no relapses beyond that point. The
      most common extralymphatic sites were the gastrointestinal tract, the head and
      neck region, and the lung. Prognosis could not be correlated with the specific
      sites of involvement. Patients with bulky disease (greater than 10 cm) or more
      than three sites of involvement had a significantly lower survival and FFR. There
      was no significant difference in outcome for patients treated with irradiation or
      combined modality therapy. Most patients (62%) relapsed in distant extralymphatic
      sites.

PMID- 6422004
TI  - Treatment of advanced breast cancer with mitomycin C combined with vinblastine or
      vindesine.
AB  - Mitomycin C together with either vindesine or vinblastine was given to 48
      patients with previously treated advanced breast cancer. Thirteen (35%) of the 37
      evaluable patients had a complete (one patient) or partial (12 patients)
      response. Overall median duration of response was 189 days (range, 90-700 days).
      Fifteen patients received mitomycin C and vindesine with six responses (40%) and
      a median response duration of 247 days (range, 162-700 days). Twenty-two patients
      received mitomycin C and vinblastine with seven responses (32%) and median
      response duration of 164 days (range, 90-330 days). Response duration for
      patients treated with mitomycin C plus vindesine was longer than that associated
      with mitomycin C plus vinblastine (p = 0.09). Significant toxicity included
      myelosuppression and neurologic symptoms, but was uncommon (less than 10% of
      patients). Therefore, the combination of mitomycin C and a vinca alkaloid appears
      to be useful in far-advanced refractory breast cancer.

PMID- 6422005
TI  - Phase I-II studies of oral tegafur (ftorafur).
AB  - A total of 65 patients with advanced colorectal or breast cancer were given oral
      tegafur in the phase I study. Of these, 28 patients had accurately measurable
      lesions and were entered into the phase II study. Patients with liver metastasis,
      compromised bone marrow, or a decreased oral intake to less than 50% of their
      normal intake were given a poor-risk schedule consisting of 0.75 g/m2/day divided
      into 4 doses/day X 28 day unless early toxicity developed. In the absence of any
      of the above deficits, patients were given a good-risk schedule of 1.25 g/m2/day
      X 21 days if no toxicity appeared. The courses were followed by a 2-3-wk rest
      period depending upon the speed to recovery from all reactions and then repeated.
      Compared with 5-FU, nausea and vomiting occurred more frequently with tegafur
      while hematologic toxicity was less common and less severe. The paucity of
      significant hematologic toxicity permitted courses of this drug to be given
      safely on an outpatient basis even to the point of slight reaction for optimal
      dosing. No serious reactions occurred in any of the 65 patients. The clinical
      results showed partial regressions in 6 of 21 colorectal cancer patients and 3 of
      7 breast cancer patients. Six of the 9 responses occurred in patients who had
      previous 5-FU trials. The average duration of regression in the colorectal cancer
      patients on oral tegafur was 9 mo with a significantly increased survival of the
      responders.

PMID- 6422006
TI  - Doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil (DMF) in the treatment of metastatic
      hormonal refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a note on the staging of
      metastatic prostate cancer.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with metastatic hormonal refractory adenocarcinoma of the
      prostate received a combination of doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil
      (DMF). Thirty (48%) of the patients achieved an objective response. Response
      criteria excluded disease "stabilization" as a manifestation of response. Four
      clinical prognostic categories were identified: osseous I (OI) had metastatic
      axial skeletal involvement (23 patients); osseous II (OII) had axial and
      extremity skeletaL involvement (18 patients); visceral I (VI) had pulmonary
      metastasis (9 patients); and visceral II (VII) had pulmonary metastasis and
      involvement of other viscera (12 patients). The 20 responding patients survived a
      median of 47.5 weeks, whereas the 32 nonresponding patients survived a median of
      23.8 weeks (n = 0.002). Response rates were highest among patients with OI (52%)
      and VI (88%) disease; response rates were lower amont patients with OII (33%) and
      VII (33%) disease. Responding patients in each clinical category survived longer
      than nonresponding patients except for those patients with VII disease. The
      median duration of response for patients with OI disease was 11 months, for OII
      9.5 months, for VI patients it was 6.5 months, and VII patients it was 5 months.
      DMF is an effective treatment of metastatic hormonal refractory prostate cancer,
      resulting in consistent objective responses. The staging system employed
      identifies four clinical categories of metastatic prostate cancer and allows for
      accurate comparison of diet and stratification of study populations.

PMID- 6422007
TI  - Four-drug combination chemotherapy (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide,
      hexamethylmelamine, and CCNU) for non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: a Cancer
      and Leukemia Group B study.
AB  - Ninety-eight evaluable patients with nonresectable regional or metastatic non
      small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with a four-drug combination
      chemotherapy program of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, and
      CCNU (MCHC). Fifteen partial or complete responses (15%) were obtained, all but
      one of which occurred in good performance status (0-1) patients. While
      "responders lived longer than non-responders", this was due more to initial
      performance status among responding patients than to achievement of partial
      (greater than 50%) or complete disease regression. Evaluation of those patients
      with good performance status (PS 0-1), indicated no statistically significant
      differences in median survival time for complete response and partial response
      patients compared to patients with "improved" or "stable" disease status in this
      group. This combination of modestly active single agents produced disappointing
      results in our lung cancer population. A search for more active single agents in
      lung cancer is necessary.

PMID- 6422008
TI  - Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic studies of alpha-difluoromethylornithine--an
      inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis.
AB  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor
      of ornithine decarboxylase, blocks polyamine biosynthesis and has antitumor
      effects in animal tumor models as well as in athymic mice implanted with human
      small cell carcinoma. This study was designed to determine the maximally
      tolerated dose of oral DFMO administered every six hours for 28 days to patients
      with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. DFMO levels were measured using an ion
      exchange chromatographic assay and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in
      patients treated at each dose level. Twenty-two patients received 24 courses of
      DFMO. The drug was generally well tolerated. Thrombocytopenia was the dose
      limiting toxicity and gastrointestinal side effects were also seen.
      Thrombocytopenia developed in 11 of 16 patients who had received prior
      chemotherapy but the four patients who had no prior chemotherapy had no decrease
      in the platelet count. The steady state level of DFMO achieved at the highest
      dose (3 g/m2) were found to be within the range needed for inhibition of
      ornithine decarboxylase in cell-culture systems as well as for the inhibitory
      activity against various human tumors in vitro. A DFMO dose of 2.25 g/m2 every
      six hours is recommended for phase II studies in patients previously treated with
      cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 6422009
TI  - Primate raphe- and reticulospinal neurons: effects of stimulation in
      periaqueductal gray or VPLc thalamic nucleus.
AB  - Recordings were made from 132 raphe- and reticulospinal tract neurons in the
      medial part of the lower brain stem in 32 anesthetized monkeys. Recording sites
      were in the nucleus raphe magnus, the rostral nucleus raphe obscurus, and the
      reticular formation adjacent to the raphe. The neurons were identified by
      antidromic activation from the upper lumbar spinal cord. Of the population
      sampled, 83 cells were activated antidromically from the left dorsal lateral
      funiculus (DLF), 32 from the right DLF, and 17 from both sides. The mean latency
      for antidromic activation was 8.2 +/- 7.1 ms, corresponding to a mean conduction
      velocity of 22.8 m/s. No conduction velocities characteristic of unmyelinated
      axons were observed. Collision tests indicated that raphe-spinal axons that
      bifurcated to descend in both DLFs branched within the spinal cord. The effects
      of stimulation in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or adjacent midbrain reticular
      formation were tested on 102 spinally projecting neurons in the medial medulla.
      Of these, 60 cells were excited, 9 cells were inhibited, 8 showed mixed
      excitation and inhibition, and 25 cells were unaffected. The mean latency for
      excitation was 11.6 ms and for inhibition, 17.8 ms. Threshold for excitation of
      raphe- and reticulospinal neurons ranged from 50 to 400 microA. Raphe- and
      reticulospinal tract cells could often (31/46 cells tested) be excited following
      stimulation in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus. The mean
      latency of excitation was 35.6 ms (range, 6-112 ms). Receptive fields could be
      demonstrated for 80 raphe- and reticulospinal cells, while 48 neurons possessed
      no demonstrable cutaneous receptive field. Most cells had large excitatory
      receptive fields, often encompassing the surface of the entire body and face.
      Some neurons had complex excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields, whereas
      other cells had large inhibitory receptive fields over much of the surface of the
      body and face. For most cells (52/55) with excitatory receptive fields, the only
      effective stimuli were noxious mechanical or noxious heat stimuli. Nonnoxious
      mechanical stimuli, such as brushing the skin, were capable of activating only a
      few (3/55) raphe- and reticulospinal neurons, and these were more effectively
      excited by noxious stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6422011
TI  - Diverticulum of the lateral ventricle.

PMID- 6422010
TI  - Intracranial and systemic effects of osmotic and oncotic therapy in experimental
      cerebral edema.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to compare the effectiveness of oncotic and osmotic
      therapy in dogs with experimental cerebral edema caused by a left parietal cold
      lesion. Animals were divided into five groups and treated for 6 hours with either
      crystalloid (control group), or mannitol, albumin, furosemide, or
      albumin/furosemide (treatment groups). The cerebral effects of therapy were
      evaluated by intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements and by postmortem
      evaluations of water content, using computerized tomography (CT) density
      measurements and wet-dry weight measurements. The ICP was significantly reduced
      by all treatments except albumin alone, and was reduced equally by mannitol,
      furosemide, and albumin/furosemide. The CT density of the lesion area was
      significantly increased by all treatments. The density of the contralateral
      nonlesioned hemisphere was significantly increased by all treatments except
      albumin. The water content of the lesion area was significantly decreased by all
      treatments; water content of the opposite hemisphere was not significantly
      reduced. The systemic effects of therapy were evaluated by measuring net fluid
      balance, wedge pressures, hematocrits, free water clearance, and vasopressin.
      Negative fluid balance without an increase in hematocrit or in vasopressin
      secretion occurred only in dogs treated with albumin/furosemide. Such
      oncodiuretic therapy seems to cause normovolemic dehydration and to have cerebral
      effects similar to mannitol and furosemide, without their undesirable systemic
      effects.

PMID- 6422012
TI  - A theoretical protocol for nutritional maintenance in head-injured patients.
AB  - Multiple trauma increases the nutritional needs of patients. Although head-injury
      victims present special problems, the modality of enteral nutritional offers
      specific advantages which avoid the complications of malnutrition. The success of
      enteral nutritional therapy is dependent on knowledgeable nursing assessment and
      intervention. Certainly, it is a therapeutic maneuver that should be considered
      in the care of the head-injured, multi-trauma patient.

PMID- 6422013
TI  - Decreased sensitivity of early imaging with In-111 oxine-labeled leukocytes in
      detection of occult infection: concise communication.
AB  - Imaging with leukocytes labeled with indium-111 oxine is a sensitive technique
      for detecting sites of occult infection. Traditionally, imaging is performed 24
      hr after injection. We undertook a prospective study of 35 patients (40 studies)
      with possible occult infection to see whether a 24-hr delay in imaging is really
      necessary. Patients were imaged at 1-4 hr and again at 24 hr after injection. The
      early images had a sensitivity of only 33%, compared with 95% for the 24-hr
      images. Of the seven studies that were positive on both early and delayed images,
      71% had more intense uptake at 24 hr. There were no false-positive early images.
      We conclude that imaging 1-4 hr after injection with In-111 oxine-labeled
      leukocytes has a low sensitivity for detecting occult infection. However, a
      positive early image is specific for a site of infection.

PMID- 6422014
TI  - Cost-effectiveness at whose cost?

PMID- 6422015
TI  - A model to produce pure zinc deficiency in rats and its use to demonstrate that
      dietary phytate increases the excretion of endogenous zinc.
AB  - An early effect of zinc deficiency in rats is loss of appetite with consequent
      malnourishment. To obviate the need for pair-feeding, rats were fed liquid
      semipurified diets by gastric tube feeding. Rats tube fed a zinc-deficient diet
      at a daily rate of 90-110 g/kg thrived for 6-7 days and then rapidly became
      seriously ill. In contrast rats fed the deficient diet ad libitum stopped growing
      after 3 days but remained relatively healthy. Animals tube fed a zinc-replete
      diet or the deficient diet with subcutaneous injections of zinc grew normally and
      suffered no ill effects. Rats tube fed the deficient diet and supplemented
      parenterally with zinc excreted significantly more endogenous zinc into small
      intestinal luminal washings and into feces than unsupplemented rats. Sodium
      phytate, added to the tube feed in three groups of rats fed the deficient diet
      and supplemented daily with 0, 0.33 and 3.3 mg Zn/kg, significantly increased the
      zinc content of luminal washings in all three groups, increased fecal zinc
      excretion in two groups and lowered body zinc levels, estimated by femur zinc, in
      two groups. Tube feeding provides a means to study: 1) pure zinc deficiency
      without malnourishment of other nutrients; and 2) the excretion of endogenous
      zinc into the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6422016
TI  - Lupus anticoagulant in a patient undergoing oral surgery.

PMID- 6422017
TI  - Glucocorticosteroids and oral medicine.
AB  - The article deals with the use of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of the
      oral manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Discoid Lupus
      Erythematosus (DLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in the temporomandibular joint,
      Pemphigus Vulgaris, Pemphigoid, Erythema Multiforme Exudativum (EME), Lichen
      Planus (LP), and Recurrent Aphthous Ulcerations (RAU). The benefit from steroids
      is discussed on the basis of current knowledge of etiology and pathogenesis of
      the various disorders. All of them are characterized by inflammation which
      appears secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction against autocomponents.
      Glucocorticoids do not interfere with the primary disease mechanisms. But it is
      concluded from the literature, that because of anti-inflammatory and
      immunosuppressive effects of the hormones, it seems reasonable to profit from
      steroids as palliatives in acute phases of the diseases and/or as long-term
      suppressors of the general host defense.

PMID- 6422018
TI  - Development of dinitrochlorobenzene contact hypersensitivity in rat submaxillary
      salivary gland.
AB  - Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)
      was reported to be effective in clinical regression of some carcinomas and
      precancerous lesions. This study investigated development of CMI in rat
      submaxillary salivary glands with dermal application of DNCB to provide a model
      for the study of immunotherapy in salivary gland neoplasia. Twenty rats received
      0.02 ml of 0.5% DNCB in 4:1 acetone corn-oil applied with a glass rod to 3 cm2 of
      clipped ventral skin of the neck covering the submaxillary salivary gland on 2
      successive days. Ten days later, the submaxillary glands were challenged with an
      injection of 0.02 ml of DNCB. Thirty-two h later the animals were killed and the
      glands examined grossly and microscopically. Thirty control animals were
      sensitized and challenged, (a) 10 with 0.5% DNCB, then vehicle only, (b) 10 with
      vehicle only, then 0.5% DNCB, and (c) 10 with vehicle both times. Gross
      examination of experimental and control glands disclosed moderate edema and
      congestion. Microscopically, experimental glands showed inflammatory changes
      including infiltration, vascular congestion and perivascular cuffing of
      lymphocytes. Regional lymph nodes showed proliferation of cortical germinal
      centers only. Control glands showed acute vascular congestion in group (a), and
      absence of microscopic features of delayed hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6422019
TI  - Rheological properties of saliva substitutes containing mucin,
      carboxymethylcellulose or polyethylenoxide.
AB  - Apparent viscosities at different shear rates were measured for 3 types of saliva
      substitutes: (a) mucin-containing saliva; (b) substitutes based upon
      carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and (c) solution of polyethylenoxide (PEO). The
      apparent viscosities were compared with those of human whole saliva. Human whole
      saliva and mucin-containing saliva substitutes appeared to be similar in their
      rheological properties. Both types of solution are viscoelastic solutions and
      adjust their apparent viscosities to their biological functions. Preparations
      containing CMC or PEO are non-Newtonian liquids. From this study it is concluded
      that mucin-containing saliva substitutes appear to be the best substitutes for
      natural saliva, as far as rheological properties are concerned.

PMID- 6422020
TI  - Effects of vitamin A deficiency on rat incisor formation.
AB  - Vitamin A deficiency (A-) is known to cause morphologic changes in tooth
      structures. However, its effects on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution in
      dental pulp, and the role of retinoic acid (RA) in altering these effects are not
      clearly defined. Tissue changes induced by vitamin A deficiency and RA
      administration were evaluated histologically in incisors of rats fed on one of 3
      different diets: a) vitamin A sufficient (A+); b) vitamin A deficient (A-); and
      c) vitamin A deficient supplemented with retinoic acid (A-/RA). Four weeks after
      the onset of vitamin A deficiency, all rats were killed and their 4 continuously
      erupting incisors evaluated histologically. A- rats had altered dentine and pulp
      with disrupted histodifferentiation of pulpal mesenchymal cells to normal
      odontoblasts. The frequency of these abnormalities in dentine and pulp was lower
      in A-/RA rats. The enamel organ was unremarkable in the 4-week deficient period.
      Using special stains, we noted that pulpal GAG accumulation in A- and A-/RA rats
      was limited to the lingual area, while in A+ rats, GAG were distributed
      throughout. These data suggest that vitamin A deficiency affects
      histodifferentiation of pulpal mesenchymal cells to odontoblasts, as well as GAG
      distribution in pulp. RA administration reduces the A- changes and therefore,
      appears to have some activity in dentinogenesis.

PMID- 6422021
TI  - Experimental auto-allergic sialoadenitis in male rats.
AB  - Induced auto-allergic lesions in the submandibular glands of rats were studied by
      immunofluorescence. Direct staining with a goat anti-rat IgG conjugate was
      negative. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed a high incidence of anti-salivary
      duct antibodies in sera from both control and experimental groups. In individual
      rats, no relationship was found between the presence or absence of serum anti
      salivary antibodies and the presence or absence of salivary auto-allergic
      lesions. We conclude that the antibodies demonstrated do not play a role in the
      pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 6422022
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of plasma protein in squamous epithelium of
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral mucosa.
AB  - The distribution of immunoglobulins and fibrinogen in normal and inflamed oral
      mucosa was examined by direct immunofluorescence using enzyme-treated sections of
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Plasma proteins were found inter- and
      intracellularly in the surface epithelium in most of the normal and all of the
      inflamed mucosal specimens. This diffusion of plasma proteins into the surface
      epithelium was shown to contribute to the appearance of edematous epithelial
      cells and eosinophilic bodies ("keratin pools"). The results clearly demonstrate
      that oral epithelium is not to be regarded as a covering membrane isolated from
      the underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the study confirms that
      immunohistochemical studies can be performed on enzyme-pretreated sections of
      routinely fixed and embedded tissue although it is emphasized that the method is
      not of universal applicability.

PMID- 6422023
TI  - The effect of prostacyclin on the adhesion of leucocytes to injured vascular
      endothelium.
AB  - The effect of local application of various solutions on leucocyte adherence to
      the wall of small blood vessels in the microcirculation of the rat mesentery was
      examined. Leucocyte adhesion was produced by local application of zymosan
      activated complement. Solutions of EDTA, lignocaine and prostacyclin when applied
      locally cause the release of a high proportion of leucocytes previously firmly
      adherent to the endothelium of venules and small veins without producing any
      significant change in the rate of blood flow through the affected vessels.
      Acetylcholine injected intravenously increases the rate of blood flow through the
      mesenteric microcirculation several fold but has no apparent effect on pre
      existing leucocyte sticking. The findings suggest that in normal small blood
      vessels production of prostacyclin by vascular endothelium may inhibit adhesion
      of leucocytes to the vascular wall. When endothelium is injured local production
      of prostacyclin may be inhibited sufficiently to permit adhesion of leucocytes to
      the injured endothelium and so induce the earliest stage in the emigration of
      leucocytes into the area of injury. Lignocaine may possibly inhibit leucocyte
      sticking by increasing local production of prostacyclin, but the mode of action
      of EDTA and many other aspects of the mechanism responsible for leucocyte
      sticking remain obscure.

PMID- 6422024
TI  - Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: association with condensed chromatin morphology
      and dependence on macromolecular synthesis.
AB  - In glucocorticoid-treated rat thymocytes and the murine lymphoid cell lines L5178
      and S49 the morphology of apoptosis is associated with chromatin cleavage. The
      cleavage is at internucleosomal sites, apparently through activation of an
      endogenous endonuclease. In variants of the cell lines selected for resistance to
      glucocorticoid, neither apoptosis nor chromatin cleavage were observed after
      steroid treatment, and steroid receptors were undetectable. In thymocytes, both
      the morphological changes of apoptosis and chromatin cleavage were inhibited by
      cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The calcium-magnesium ionophore A23187 induced
      apoptosis and chromatin cleavage in thymocytes, and these effects were also
      inhibited by cycloheximide. The data confirm that the condensed chromatin which
      characterizes apoptosis morphologically consists of endogenously digested
      chromatin fragments. They also provide support for the view that at least some
      cells enter apoptosis by a process dependent upon macromolecular synthesis.

PMID- 6422025
TI  - Behavioral assessment and management of adherence to factor replacement therapy
      in hemophilia.

PMID- 6422026
TI  - Diverticulum formation after circular myotomy for esophageal atresia.
AB  - Out of our last 70 cases of esophageal atresia, a circular myotomy of the upper
      pouch (Livaditis technique) was required in six patients to achieve an end-to-end
      anastomosis: all had a lower tracheoesophageal fistula. They were operated on
      between 15 and 96 hours after birth, without any preoperative attempt of
      elongation of the upper pouch. Follow-up ranged from 14 to 77 months. Three
      patients had an uneventful postoperative course and late outcome, despite a
      moderate ballooning at the myotomy site in one. Three babies developed a mild
      stricture which responded easily to a few dilatations. Asymptomatic ballooning at
      the myotomy site was observed in one baby; the other two developed a diverticulum
      responsible for acute respiratory distress in one case and severe dysphagia in
      the other. both required esophageal replacement. These observations call
      attention to the fact that patients treated by myotomy should be followed very
      carefully early and late, especially if an anastomotic stricture develops or in
      case of associated tracheomalacia.

PMID- 6422027
TI  - [A standard effervescent couple: demonstration of a method for humid granulation
      and control of CO2 liberation].

PMID- 6422028
TI  - Pharmacokinetic quantitation of naltrexone controlled release from a copolymer
      delivery system.
AB  - Naltrexone release rates from a controlled release delivery system have been
      quantitated over a time period greater than one month in the monkey. The method
      requires calibration of the pharmacokinetic parameters of each monkey utilizing
      an intravenous bolus dose and assay of unchanged naltrexone levels in plasma as a
      function of time after dosing. Also required are periodic plasma levels of
      unchanged naltrexone obtained subsequent to administration of the delivery
      system. Release rates are then calculated as well as the total amount released.
      Application of the methodology to a biodegradable copolymer naltrexone delivery
      system in three monkeys showed an initial release rate of 3-8% of the dose per
      day over the first 3-5 days followed by a slow, rather constant release rate of 1
      3% per day from day 5 to the time of the last measurable plasma sample (36-43
      days). Comparison of alternative calculation methods using both experimental and
      simulated plasma naltrexone data verified the accuracy of the release rate
      calculations. The sum of the calculated total amount of naltrexone released plus
      the assayed amount remaining in the delivery system after removal from the animal
      accounted for 91-94% of the administered dose in the two monkeys in which
      complete data were obtained.

PMID- 6422030
TI  - Alpha-adrenergic stimulation of potassium efflux in guinea-pig hepatocytes may
      involve calcium influx and calcium release.
AB  - Either 86Rb or 42K appears to be a useful marker for monitoring the movement of
      cellular K in dispersed guinea-pig hepatocytes. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation of
      perifused hepatocytes causes a biphasic increase in 86Rb or 42K efflux from
      hepatocytes previously equilibrated with radio-isotope. The first phase is a
      large transient (about 5 min) increase which is followed by a slowly falling
      phase of release. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation of hepatocytes perifused with
      medium containing no added Ca plus 0.1 mM-EGTA evokes only the transient increase
      in 86Rb efflux. The addition of Ca to the medium in the continued presence of
      agonist restores the second phase of the response. Both phases of the response
      appear to be mediated by alpha 1-receptors. The magnitude of the second phase is
      dependent upon the concentration of Ca added to the perifusion medium. Other
      agonists that are believed to act by mobilizing Ca give similar results in this
      system. Angiotensin II, ATP and A23187 stimulate a transient increase in 86Rb
      efflux without extracellular Ca present, with the second phase of the response
      appearing upon the addition of Ca to the medium. These results suggest that the
      initial transient phase of 86Rb efflux, which is independent of extracellular Ca,
      is stimulated by Ca released from an intracellular pool. The second phase, which
      occurs only in the presence of extracellular Ca, is probably a result of Ca
      influx into the cell.

PMID- 6422029
TI  - The central control of fetal breathing and skeletal muscle movements.
AB  - Breathing movements in the sheep fetus have been observed from a gestational age
      of about 40 days. From 95 to 115 days fetal breathing movements are almost
      continuous, interrupted by apnoea rarely exceeding 2 min. From 115 days until
      term (about 147 days) breathing and movements of the trunk and limbs are
      episodic. Breathing normally occurs only during rapid-eye-movement sleep as
      identified by low-voltage cortical electrical activity. Active movements of the
      neck muscles occur predominantly in high-voltage electrocortical activity.
      Hypercapnia or acid cerebrospinal fluid perfusion cause an increase in the
      regularity and depth of breathing when present, and recruit intercostal and
      laryngeal abductor activity. Isocapnic hypoxia, however, in contrast to the
      hyperventilation seen postnatally, causes arrest of fetal breathing movements.
      This effect is due to a central inhibition. Section of the brain stem, from the
      caudal hypothalamus rostrally, causes dissociation of fetal breathing movements
      and electrocortical activity into independent rhythms. Section of the brain stem
      caudally, in the upper pons or at the inferior colliculus, also causes a
      dissociation of electrocortical activity from breathing movements, which become
      almost continuous. Isocapnic hypoxia causes an increase in the rate and depth of
      breathing movements. It is concluded that the arrest of breathing in intact fetal
      lambs is not due to a direct effect on the respiratory centre in the medulla. The
      lumbar polysynaptic flexor reflex response becomes episodic after 115 days
      gestation but, in contrast to fetal breathing movements, is enhanced during high
      voltage electrocortical activity. Isocapnic hypoxia arrests movements of the
      fetal limbs and trunk and inhibits the lumbar flexor reflex. This inhibition of
      the reflex is prevented by section of the spinal cord at T12, but persists after
      section of the brain stem in the upper pons. It is attributed to an action on the
      medulla, independent of the systemic arterial chemoreceptors. Small doses of
      pentobarbitone (5 mg/kg) cause arrest of fetal breathing movements by a
      suprapontine mechanism, abolished by brain stem transection, and inhibition of
      the lumbar flexor reflex by an action on the spinal cord, persisting after
      transection at T12. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase (indomethacin,
      meclofenamate or aspirin) induce continuous fetal breathing movements, while
      prostaglandin E2 arrests fetal breathing. The site of action is on the medulla,
      as shown by section of the brain stem and of afferents from the systemic arterial
      chemoreceptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6422031
TI  - Effects of temperature changes on toad rod photocurrents.
AB  - Rod current responses were measured over the range 5-30 degrees C. Following a
      rapid decrease in temperature the amplitude of the dark current decreased without
      detectable delay (less than 3 s). Over a period of several minutes the amplitude
      of the dark current sometimes relaxed slightly towards its previous value. The
      rapid change cannot be accounted for simply by altered activity of the sodium
      pump and instead indicates that the conductance of the outer segment in darkness
      changes with temperature. Over the range 10-30 degrees C the amplitude of the
      dark current increased approximately linearly with temperature, and the straight
      line of best fit extrapolated to zero current at about 5 degrees C. The few
      points available below 10 degrees C indicated that the relationship flattened
      out, but this could not be investigated properly. The kinetics of responses to
      dim flashes accelerated with a Q10 of about 2.2, and were well described by an
      Arrhenius plot with an activation energy of 13.8 kcal mol-1 (HEPES Ringer
      solution). The time course of recovery of dark current following a saturating
      flash showed a similar temperature dependence to that of the dim flash kinetics.
      A simple explanation of the previous two findings is that the delays determining
      the time course of responses to both dim and bright flashes are largely
      determined by the fluidity of the disk membrane. The sensitivity to dim flashes
      had a broad peak at about 22 degrees C, decreasing at both lower and higher
      temperatures. The relative sensitivity to long wave-length light increased
      slightly with temperature. The sensitivity at 700 nm relative to that at 500 nm
      increased by 0.225 log10 units (1.68 times) upon a temperature increase from 11.5
      to 29.3 degrees C (from approximately -5.0 log10 units to approximately -4.8
      log10 units). This change appears to be approximately what would be expected
      theoretically.

PMID- 6422032
TI  - Inhibition of thecal androstenedione production by exogenous progesterone in the
      cyclic hamster.
AB  - Implants of progesterone on the day of dioestrus II in the hamster induced on the
      following day an increase in circulating levels of progesterone (6.0 +/- 0.7
      ng/ml, N = 8; sesame oil controls, less than 0.5 ng/ml, N = 6) and a decline in
      serum levels of LH (5.3 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; controls 12 +/- 2 ng/ml) and oestradiol
      (10 +/- 2 pg/ml; controls 69 +/- 5 pg/ml). The production of androstenedione and
      oestradiol by antral follicles in vitro was reduced in progesterone-treated
      hamsters when compared with controls, but progesterone production was not
      affected. Aromatizing activities of antral follicles were the same in
      progesterone-treated and sesame oil-treated hamsters. Androstenedione production
      by theca was significantly less in progesterone-treated hamsters than in
      controls. On dioestrus II, LH replacement therapy (200 micrograms ovine LH by
      osmotic minipump inserted s.c.) prevented the decline in follicular
      androstenedione and oestradiol production induced by progesterone alone, and also
      prevented the decline in thecal androstenedione production in vitro. The results
      indicate that exogenous progesterone on dioestrus II lowers circulating levels of
      LH by the following day, inhibits thecal androstenedione production and thus
      reduces follicular oestradiol production without alteration in aromatizing
      ability.

PMID- 6422033
TI  - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine treatment of rats on the in-vitro release of LHRH
      and pituitary responsiveness to LHRH.
AB  - Injection of 150 micrograms 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the third ventricle
      of rats depleted the mean hypothalamic concentration of noradrenaline by 71%
      whereas the mean dopamine concentration was only reduced by an insignificant 7%.
      Isolated perfused pituitary glands taken from intact 6-OHDA-treated rats showed a
      markedly increased LH response to pulses of LHRH although there was no
      significant difference in the circulating levels of LH. Ovarian cyclicity was
      disrupted and the hypothalamic content of LHRH was significantly reduced.
      Hypothalamic synaptosomes prepared from intact 6-OHDA-treated animals
      consistently released less LHRH than did controls although the difference was not
      significant. Noradrenaline, dopamine and adrenaline did not significantly affect
      LHRH release from experimental or control synaptosome preparations. In
      ovariectomized rats 6-OHDA treatment did not inhibit the positive feedback
      effects of progesterone administration to oestrogen-primed animals, although the
      negative feedback effects of the priming oestrogen treatment was augmented. The
      results indicate that depletion of hypothalamic noradrenaline causes subtle
      changes in the endogenous release of LHRH and may alter the negative feedback
      effects of steroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

PMID- 6422034
TI  - Differences in the reproductive endocrine status of ewes in the early post-partum
      period and during seasonal anoestrus.
AB  - More (P less than 0.05) post-partum acyclic ewes (8/9) showed evidence of
      pulsatile LH release than did seasonally anoestrous ewes (2/8). Mean plasma
      prolactin concentrations were higher (P less than 0.05) in the post-partum ewes
      than in the seasonally anoestrous ewes. Hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol
      oestrogen receptor number, median eminence GnRH content and pituitary LH, FSH and
      prolactin contents were similar in the two groups of ewes. The number of nuclear
      bound oestrogen receptors was greater (P less than 0.01) in pituitaries from
      seasonally anoestrous ewes than in pituitaries from post-partum ewes. These data
      suggest that the basis of acyclicity in seasonally anoestrous ewes and in post
      partum ewes is probably due to their inability to generate LH pulse frequencies
      similar to that in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. The higher LH
      pulse frequency in post-partum ewes, compared to that in seasonally anoestrous
      ewes, suggests that pregnancy may partly negate the reduction in LH secretion
      that is associated with photoperiod-induced acyclicity. The lower number of
      nuclear-bound oestrogen receptors in post-partum ewes suggests that there may be
      lower plasma oestrogen levels and less ovarian follicular growth than in non
      suckling anoestrous ewes.

PMID- 6422035
TI  - Effect of enucleation of the corpus luteum at different stages of the luteal
      phase of the human menstrual cycle on subsequent follicular development.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of suppression of follicular development during the
      luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum was enucleated
      surgically from 10 women at various times after ovulation. In the 24 h after CL
      enucleation there was an immediate and rapid fall in the concentration of
      oestradiol and progesterone and a temporary decline in the concentration of FSH
      and LH. Within 3 days, however, all 10 women showed evidence of renewed
      follicular activity as indicated by a progressive rise in the concentration of
      oestradiol. This rise was preceded by a rise in the concentration of FSH and LH,
      and ovulation, as indicated by a mid-cycle surge in LH and rise in the
      concentration of plasma progesterone, occurred 16-19 days after enucleation.
      There was no significant difference in the time to ovulation following
      enucleation at different times of the luteal phase. The post-operative follicular
      phase, measured from the time of enucleation, was 3 days longer than that
      observed pre-operatively from the first day of menstrual bleeding. In the
      follicular phase of post-operative cycles the concentration of FSH was higher and
      that of oestradiol lower than the corresponding values before surgery. These
      results indicate that the absence of healthy antral follicles in the luteal phase
      of the cycle is due to the inhibitory effects of the corpus luteum. The fact
      that, after CL enucleation, emergence of the dominant follicle was always
      preceded by a rise in the concentration of FSH and LH suggests that suppression
      of gonadotrophins by ovarian steroids secreted by the corpus luteum is
      responsible for the inhibition of follicular development during the luteal phase
      of the cycle.

PMID- 6422036
TI  - Timing of sexual maturity in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) housed
      outdoors.
AB  - A comparison of the age and season at first parturition was made for spring-born
      female rhesus monkeys and for females born in the fall to mothers who had been
      laboratory-housed before being transferred outdoors. Females (N = 9) born during
      the fall had first parturition during the spring and summer, as did all spring
      born females (N = 68), and not during the fall as would be predicted if age were
      the determining factor. A separate analysis of post-menarchial, spring-born
      females (N = 5) beginning in September at 29 months of age revealed that the
      ensuing 12 months were characterized by low serum levels of oestradiol (less than
      50 pg/ml), progesterone (less than 1.0 ng/ml), LH (less than 7.0 ng/ml), and FSH
      (less than 5.50 micrograms/ml). First ovulation subsequently occurred in the fall
      in all subjects at a mean age of 41.9 +/- 0.1 months, and was preceded by
      significant elevations in basal LH and FSH, coincident in time with the
      transition of summer to fall (September). Female copulatory behaviour was
      restricted to the period surrounding first ovulation, beginning some 2 weeks
      before and ceasing within 3 days after the oestradiol peak. The most rapid gain
      in weight occurred during the summer months before first ovulation, and was
      associated with significant elevations in serum GH and prolactin. These data
      suggest that season may influence the timing of sexual maturation in rhesus
      monkeys kept outside in such a way that the occurrence of first ovulation is
      restricted to the fall and winter months.

PMID- 6422037
TI  - Seasonally and experimentally induced changes in testicular function of the
      Australian bush rat (Rattus fuscipes).
AB  - Serum concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured monthly throughout
      the year in male bush rats. Testicular size and ultrastructure, LH/hCG, FSH and
      oestradiol receptors and the response of the pituitary to LHRH were also
      recorded. LH and FSH rose in parallel with an increase in testicular size after
      the winter solstice with peak gonadotrophin levels in the spring (September). The
      subsequent fall in LH and FSH levels was associated with a rise in serum
      testosterone which reached peak levels during summer (December and January). In
      February serum testosterone levels and testicular size declined in parallel,
      while the pituitary response to an LHRH injection was maximal during late summer.
      The number of LH/hCG, FSH and oestradiol receptors per testis were all greatly
      reduced in the regressed testes when compared to active testes. In a controlled
      environment of decreased lighting (shortened photoperiod), temperature and food
      quality, the testes of sexually active adult males regressed at any time of the
      year, the resultant testicular morphology and endocrine status being identical to
      that of wild rats in the non-breeding season. Full testicular regression was
      achieved only when the photoperiod, temperature and food quality were changed:
      experiments in which only one or two of these factors were altered failed to
      produce complete sexual regression.

PMID- 6422038
TI  - Correlation between ossification and inflammation using a rat experimental model.
AB  - In seronegative spondylarthropathies both inflammation and ossification can be
      demonstrated. Inflammation is a hallmark of diseases associated with antigen HLA
      B27 in ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, and acute uveitis. Ossification
      is traditionally considered the end product of inflammation, but clinical
      examination does not show that this is always the case in man. The relationship
      between inflammation and ossification is not demonstrated in experiments on
      spinal involvement in adjuvant arthritis in the rat. Using that experimental
      model, we tested the efficacy of 3 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
      (indomethacin, naproxen, and phenylbutazone) given at dosages comparable to those
      employed in clinical practice, but at a lower level than those used by drug
      companies in animals. Results show that the drug exhibiting almost no
      antiinflammatory activity in the rat at the dosage used, phenylbutazone, was the
      most powerful inhibitor of ossification. Another mechanism of local osteogenesis
      must be sought to explain such a phenomenon.

PMID- 6422039
TI  - HLA-DR antigens and gold-induced enterocolitis.

PMID- 6422040
TI  - Cigarette smoking and the clinical outcome of gold therapy in rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 6422041
TI  - Arthritis in rabbits induced by killed Neisseria gonorrhoeae and gonococcal
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Intraarticular injections of viable N, gonorrhoeae, killed N. gonorrhoeae or
      gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rabbits' knees caused an acute,
      polymorphonuclear synovitis with abscess formation 24-72 h after the injection.
      At 5-7 days, a mononuclear infiltration with synovial lining cell hyperplasia
      developed, which in some rabbits persisted for one month. Gonococcal LPS, in
      amounts of 5 micrograms or greater, always caused a marked synovitis
      indistinguishable from that produced by viable N. gonorrhoeae. Gonococcal outer
      membrane protein used as a control in these experiments caused no or minimal
      synovitis in concentrations 50-fold higher than those used in the LPS inoculation
      experiments. These studies should provide a model to investigate the role of LPS
      in the arthritis associated with gonococcal infection.

PMID- 6422042
TI  - N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-6-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl]thioxomethyl]- N-methylglycine
      (Tolrestat), a potent, orally active aldose reductase inhibitor.

PMID- 6422043
TI  - Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. 2. Synthesis and structure
      activity relationships of 1,6,7-trisubstituted 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8
      naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids, including enoxacin, a new antibacterial agent.
AB  - The title compounds having nitro, amino, cyano, chloro, or fluoro as the C-6
      substituent were prepared. Introduction of the chloro and cyano groups at C-6 was
      accomplished by the Sandmeyer reaction of 6-amino-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives 9
      via their 6-diazonium salts. The reaction was extended to the synthesis of the 6
      fluoro analogues, involving the Balz-Schiemann reaction of the diazonium
      tetrafluoroborate. Furthermore, a series of the 1-ethyl, 1-vinyl, 1-(2
      fluoroethyl), and 1-(difluoromethyl) analogues of 7-substituted 6-fluoro-1,4
      dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids was prepared. 1-Pyrrolidinyl
      and, particularly, N-substituted or unsubstituted 1-piperazinyl groups were
      introduced as the C-7 variants. As a result of this study, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4
      dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1, 8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (named
      enoxacin, originally AT-2266) was found to show the most broad and potent in
      vitro antibacterial activity, an excellent in vivo efficacy on systemic
      infections, and a weak acute toxicity. Structure-activity relationships of
      compounds with variations of substituents at C-1, C-6, and C-7 are also
      discussed.

PMID- 6422044
TI  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      antibodies is described. This method uses M. pneumoniae organisms grown in
      microtiter plate wells as a solid-phase antigen that is economical and easy to
      prepare. Results obtained from our studies indicate this RIA method is highly
      sensitive and reproducible. This is a more specific assay than the popular
      complement fixation (CF) method because the glycolipid haptens employed in the CF
      test are not unique to M. pneumoniae. Data on 34 serum samples from 12 patients
      indicate the applicability of this diagnostic method for clinical use. In
      addition, this method measures the immunoglobulin class-specific antibody
      activities which may be important in differentiating recent and past infections.

PMID- 6422045
TI  - Effects of thyromimetic drugs on aldosterone-dependent sodium transport in the
      toad bladder.
AB  - Aldosterone increases transepithelial Na+ transport in the urinary bladder of
      Bufo marinus. The response is characterized by 3 distinct phases: 1) a lag period
      of about 60 min, ii) an initial phase (early response) of about 2 hr during which
      Na+ transport increases rapidly and transepithelial electrical resistance falls,
      and iii) a late phase (late response) of about 4 to 6 hr during which Na+
      transport still increases significantly but with very little change in
      resistance. Triiodothyronine (T3, 6 nM) added either 2 or 18 hr before
      aldosterone selectively antagonizes the late response. T3 per se (up to 6 nM) has
      no effect on base-line Na+ transport. The antagonist activity of T3 is only
      apparent after a latent period of about 6 to 8 hr. It is not rapidly reversible
      after a 4-hr washout of the hormone. The effects appear to be selective for
      thyromimetic drugs since reverse T3 (rT3) is inactive and
      isopropyldiiodothyronine (isoT2) is more active than T3. The relative activity of
      these analogs corresponds to their relative affinity for T3 nuclear binding sites
      which we have previously described. Our data suggest that T3 might control the
      expression of aldosterone by regulating gene expression, e.g. by the induction of
      specific proteins, which in turn will inhibit the late mineralocorticoid
      response, without interaction with the early response.

PMID- 6422046
TI  - Current-voltage relations of the basolateral membrane in tight amphibian
      epithelia: use of nystatin to depolarize the apical membrane.
AB  - Exposure of the mucosal side of toad (Bufo bufo) urinary bladder and frog (Rana
      ridibunda) skin to the polyene ionophore nystatin, resulted in stable
      preparations in which the apical resistance was negligible compared to the
      basolateral resistance. The preparations support passive K currents in both
      directions and an amiloride-insensitive Na current in the apical-serosal
      direction which is blocked by ouabain. The nystatin-treated toad bladder was used
      to study the electrical properties of the basolateral membrane by means of
      current-voltage curves recorded transepithelially. The K current showed strong
      rectification at cellular potentials negative with respect to the interstitial
      space. The ouabain-sensitive current increased with membrane voltage at negative
      voltages but saturated above +20 mV.

PMID- 6422047
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): dermal absorption, systemic elimination, and
      dermal wash efficiency.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to determine the dermal absorption, systemic
      elimination, and dermal wash efficiency for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 14C
      Labeled 42% PCB and 14C-labeled 54% PCB were topically and parenterally
      administered to rhesus monkeys and guinea pigs. Dermal absorption, determined by
      14C urinary excretion, was extensive. In guinea pigs, 33% of the applied 14C
      labeled 42% PCB dose and 56% of the 14C-labeled 54% PCB dose were absorbed. In
      rhesus monkeys, 15-34% of the labeled 42% PCB was dermally absorbed, depending on
      the magnitude of the applied dose. 14C-labeled 42% PCB applied to guinea pig skin
      was immediately washed with water and acetone. Only 59% of the applied dose was
      removed from the skin. A post-24-h washing removed only 1% of applied labeled 42%
      PCB and 20% of applied labeled 54% PCB. Postcontamination washing cannot be
      assumed to remove all contaminated PCB from skin. The body elimination of 14C was
      continuous and slow, with elimination half-lives on the order of 2-3 d in the
      guinea pig and 4-7 d in the monkey. Only 50-65% of an intramuscular dose could be
      accounted for in urine and feces for up to 28 d excretion. The elimination half
      lives following topical administration were not much greater than that following
      intramuscular administration. This suggests that PCBs are rapidly and extensively
      absorbed through the skin, and that they are then probably generally distributed
      throughout the body, and then slowly eliminated.

PMID- 6422048
TI  - Distribution and effect of some polychlorinated biphenyls in the hemopoietic
      tissues.
AB  - Distribution of 14C-labeled 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl 2,2',4,4',5,5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6'-octachlorobiphenyl was studied in the
      hematopoietic tissues of squirrel monkey and mice (C67 Bl) using whole-body
      autoradiography. An accumulation of radioactivity was seen in the bone marrow of
      monkey 24 h and 48 h after iv injection of hexachlorobiphenyl and
      trichlorobiphenyl, respectively. High concentration of radioactivity was also
      observed in the bone marrow of normal mice injected iv with octachlorobiphenyl. A
      combination of whole-body autoradiography and spleen-colony assay in
      supralethally irradiated mice implanted with syngeneic bone-marrow cells
      indicated the major part of radioactivity to be localized outside the bone-marrow
      hemic compartment, probably in the fat. No effect of hexachlorobiphenyl but a
      significant inhibition with octachlorobiphenyl (10(-5) M) and especially
      trichlorobiphenyl (10(-5) M) was seen on the formation of granulocytic colonies
      from mouse progenitor cells in vitro.

PMID- 6422049
TI  - A comparison of the diminution rates of lead in blood and lead mobilized by
      CaEDTA after termination of occupational exposure: a long-term observation in two
      lead workers.
AB  - CaEDTA 20 mg/kg was administered weekly for 3.5 years after termination of
      occupational exposure to two lead workers. The diminution half-lives for lead in
      blood and urine lead mobilized by CaEDTA were 4.8 and 3.3 years respectively for
      subject 1 following 28 years exposure and 3.3 and 2.0 years respectively for
      subject 2 following 26 years exposure. The difference in the diminution rate
      between lead in blood and lead mobilized by CaEDTA was significant in subject 2
      (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6422050
TI  - Aphidicolin inhibition of the production of replicative-form DNA during bovine
      parvovirus infection.
AB  - Since parvoviruses apparently do not possess a DNA polymerase activity, one or
      more of the host cell DNA polymerases must be responsible for replicating the
      single-stranded DNA genome. We have focused on determining which polymerase,
      alpha, beta, or gamma (pol alpha, pol beta, or pol gamma, respectively), is
      responsible for the first step in bovine parvoviral DNA replication: conversion
      of the single-stranded DNA genome to a parental replicative form (RF). In this
      study, we used aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA pol alpha, to assay for
      the requirement of pol alpha activity in parental RF formation in vivo.
      Synchronized cell cultures were infected with bovine parvovirus with or without
      aphidicolin, and the products of viral replication were separated on agarose gels
      and identified by Southern blot analysis. We found that complete inhibition of
      viral DNA synthesis resulted when 20 microM aphidicolin was present throughout
      the infection. In addition, viral DNA synthesis was inhibited by as little as 1
      microM aphidicolin, whereas lower concentrations (0.1 and 0.01 microM) resulted
      in partial inhibition of the replication process. Using 32P-labeled bovine
      parvovirus as the input virus we differentiated parental RF from daughter RF and
      progeny DNA synthesis. We conclude that DNA pol alpha is required for the
      production of RF during bovine parvovirus replication in vivo and that this
      requirement is most likely for the conversion of bovine parvovirus input single
      stranded DNA to parental RF. These results do not rule out a possible role for
      DNA pol gamma in the first step, nor do they rule out a role for pol alpha or pol
      gamma in later stages of the replication cycle.

PMID- 6422051
TI  - Generation of mink cell focus-forming viruses by Friend murine leukemia virus:
      recombination with specific endogenous proviral sequences.
AB  - A family of recombinant mink cell focus-forming viruses (MCF) was derived by
      inoculation of NFS mice with a Friend murine leukemia virus, and their genomes
      were analyzed by RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprinting. The viruses
      were obtained from the thymuses and spleens of preleukemic and leukemic animals
      and were evaluated for dualtropism and oncogenicity. All these isolates induced
      cytopathic foci on mink cells but could be classified into two groups based on
      their relative infectivities for SC-1 (mouse) or mink (ATCC CCL64) cells. One
      group of Friend MCFs (F-MCFs) (group I) exhibited approximately equal
      infectivities for SC-1 and mink cells, whereas a second group (group II) infected
      mink cells 1,000- to 10,000-fold more efficiently than SC-1 cells. Structural
      analyses of the F-MCFs revealed that group I and group II viruses correlated with
      recombination of Friend murine leukemia virus with two distinct, but closely
      related, endogenous NFS proviral sequences. No correlation was found between the
      type of F-MCF and the tissue of origin or the disease state of the animal.
      Furthermore, none of the F-MCF isolates were found to be oncogenic in NFS/N or
      AKR/J mice. F-MCFs of both groups underwent extensive substitution of ecotropic
      sequences, involving much of the gag and env genes of group I F-MCFs and most of
      the gag, pol, and env genes of group II F-MCFs. All F-MCF isolates retained the
      3' terminal U3 region of Friend murine leukemia virus. Comparison of the RNAs of
      the F-MCFs with RNAs of MCFs derived from NFS.Akv-1 or NFS.Akv-2 mice indicated
      that the F-MCFs were derived from NFS proviral sequences which are distinct from
      the sequences contained in NFS.Akv MCF isolates. This result suggested that
      recombination with particular endogenous proviral sequences to generate MCFs may
      be highly specific for a given murine leukemia virus.

PMID- 6422052
TI  - Isolation of the prohead core of bacteriophage T4 after cross-linking and
      determination of protein composition.
AB  - The naked core of bacteriophage T4 was isolated ex vivo after cross-linking with
      either glutaraldehyde or dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). The isolated
      particles appeared to be morphologically identical to the cores found in thin
      sections, to those demonstrated in in situ lysis preparations, and to core
      structures assembled in vitro. Treatment with glutaraldehyde provided core
      particles which were morphologically well preserved, whereas
      dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)-induced cross-linking was reversible and
      allowed analysis of the protein composition of the isolated particles. The
      identity of the reversibly cross-linked particles with those obtained after
      irreversible cross-linking was suggested by their morphology and their similar
      sedimentation behavior. Immunolabeling confirmed the structural presence of the
      main core protein in both structures. Gel electrophoresis of reversibly cross
      linked cores revealed the essential head proteins gp22, gp67, and gp21, the three
      internal proteins IPI, IPII, and IPIII, and a 17K protein.

PMID- 6422054
TI  - Bacteriology of branched renal calculi and accompanying urinary tract infection.
AB  - We determined the bacteriology of apparently infected renal calculi and
      accompanying urinary tract infections, and assessed the potential clinical value
      of the culture results. Twenty-two branched renal calculi from 16 patients were
      cultured. Fifteen calculi were infected with 1 or more urease-producing gram
      negative enteric bacterium, 2 were infected with a urease-producing bacterium and
      a nonurease-producing organism, and 5 were sterile. Immersion of infected stones
      in antimicrobial solutions before culture reduced or eliminated surface bacteria
      but usually did not eradicate bacteria within the stone. The bacteriology of a
      stone or stones could be predicted on the basis of available urine culture
      results in only 2 of the 16 cases. These data suggest that branched renal calculi
      associated with bacteriuria usually are infected but that documentation of
      infection and identification of the infecting organism require culture of the
      stone.

PMID- 6422053
TI  - 2-5A accumulates to high levels in interferon-treated, vaccinia virus-infected
      cells in the absence of any inhibition of virus replication.
AB  - We investigated the effects of interferon treatment on virus yield, protein
      synthesis, and the 2-5A system in vaccinia virus-infected HeLa, L929, and CV1
      cells. Under the culture conditions used, vaccinia virus replication was
      relatively insensitive to the antiviral effects of interferon. In L929 and HeLa
      cells, interferon at 400 reference units (r.u.) per ml had little effect on viral
      protein synthesis, the virus-induced inhibition of host protein synthesis, or
      virus yield: 2,000 to 20,000 r.u./ml were required to inhibit these. Despite
      this, high levels (up to 5 microM) of 2-5A [ppp(A2'p)nA; n greater than or equal
      to 2] were found during vaccinia infection of all of these types of cells treated
      with 400 r.u. of interferon per ml, i.e., at interferon concentrations too low to
      inhibit significantly virus growth. High levels (up to 5 microM) were also found
      in non-interferon-treated HeLa cells (which have a high constitutive level of 2
      5A synthetase) in which vaccinia virus replicates perfectly well. It can be
      concluded that high levels of 2-5A per se have no necessary antiviral effect on
      vaccinia virus in these systems. These results are in marked contrast to those
      obtained here and previously with encephalomyocarditis virus. For example, in
      HeLa cells less than 20 nM 2-5A accumulated, but virus replication was inhibited
      by 50 r.u. of interferon per ml (Silverman et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 124:131-138,
      1982). The characteristic cleavage of rRNA by the 2-5A-dependent RNase was
      delayed relative to 2-5A accumulation in the vaccinia virus-infected cells. This
      delay was not the result of either defective 2-5A or of a stable virus-induced
      inhibition of the 2-5A-dependent RNase; 2-5A extracted from the cells had full
      biological activity when assayed by activation of the 2-5A-dependent RNase in
      cell extract, and the 2-5A-dependent RNase extracted from the vaccinia virus
      infected cells was fully active in vitro. The basis for the delay remains to be
      determined. High levels of 2-5A were not observed when late (DNA synthesis
      dependent) vaccinia transcription was inhibited by either cycloheximide or
      cytosine arabinoside. The only known activator of the 2-5A synthetase is double
      stranded RNA. The presence of 2-5A therefore implies the natural occurrence of
      double-stranded structures in late viral RNA in intact vaccinia virus-infected
      cells.

PMID- 6422055
TI  - Neuroanatomy of penile erection: its relevance to iatrogenic impotence.
AB  - The neuroanatomy of erection in men is not well defined. Recently, we isolated
      successfully the cavernous nerves for acute and chronic neurostimulation to
      induce penile erection in dogs and monkeys. We then investigated the anatomy of
      these nerves in humans by cadaveric dissection and serial histologic sectioning.
      Our experience in tracing the spinal nuclei responsible for vesical and urethral
      function by transportation of horseradish peroxidase enabled us to explore the
      location and organization of the spinal center for erection. Thus, systemic
      knowledge of the neuroanatomy of erection was accumulated. The spinal nuclei for
      control of erection are located in the intermediolateral gray matter at the S1 to
      S3 and T12 to L3 levels in dogs, and the S2 to S4 and T10 to L2 levels in humans.
      From these sacral nuclei axons issue ventrally and join the axons of the nuclei
      for the bladder and rectum to form the sacral visceral efferent fibers. These
      fibers emerge from the anterior root of S2 to S4, and join the sympathetic fibers
      to form the pelvic plexus, which then branches out to innervate the bladder,
      rectum and penis. The fibers innervating the penis (cavernous nerves) travel
      along the posterolateral aspect of the seminal vesicle and prostate, and then
      accompany the membranous urethra through the genitourinary diaphragm. These
      fibers are located on the lateral aspect of the membranous urethra and ascend
      gradually to the 1 and 11 o'clock positions in the proximal bulbous urethra. Some
      of the fibers penetrate the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum, while
      others spread to the trifurcation of the terminal internal pudendal artery and
      innervate the dorsal, deep and urethral arteries. Shortly before the 2 corpora
      cavernosa merge the cavernous nerves penetrate the tunica albuginea along with
      the deep artery and cavernous vein. The terminal branches of these nerves
      innervate the helicine arteries and the erectile tissue within the corpora
      cavernosa. Because of the intimate relationship of the cavernous nerves to the
      rectum, prostate and urethra, they can be damaged easily during urological and
      pelvic procedures. This systemic knowledge of the human cavernous nerves from the
      spinal center to the erectile tissue should permit a better understanding of
      erection and impotence. Furthermore, with the aid of intraoperative
      neurostimulation, the cavernous nerves may be identified and preserved, thereby
      preventing iatrogenic impotence.

PMID- 6422056
TI  - Nutritional support in a general urological service.
AB  - A nutritional support team was used in the assessment and management of patients
      on a general urological service. Indications for nutritional evaluation included
      history of weight loss, anorexia, significant infection, chronic neoplastic
      disease, trauma or major surgery. The fat and protein status of the patient was
      assessed by anthropomorphic and laboratory determinations. The patient then was
      categorized as having mild, moderate or severe degrees of nutritional depletion.
      Deficiencies in vitamins, trace elements or essential fatty acids were not noted.
      Caloric and protein needs were calculated by multiplication of the basal energy
      expenditure by a metabolic activity factor, which was derived from the degree of
      illness or stress. Nutritional support was provided by enteral feedings via oral,
      nasogastric or jejunal feeding tubes and/or intravenous hyperalimentation via
      peripheral or central venous nutrient lines. During a 6-month interval
      nutritional consultation was requested for 50 patients, who represented 7 per
      cent of the urological admissions. Nutritional support was provided for patients
      who had obstructive uropathy with or without neoplasms, radiation cystitis,
      sepsis, urinary fistulas, mental depression, end stage renal disease or
      neurological dysfunction. In patients in whom urological treatment controlled the
      disease nutritional support maintained the weight, and stabilized serum albumin
      and lymphocyte counts. We concluded that a nutritional support program has a
      significant and, often, unappreciated role in the management of urological
      patients.

PMID- 6422057
TI  - Hereditary autosomal dominant form of bladder diverticula in male patients.
AB  - We report on 1 family in which 7 male patients had solitary bladder diverticulum.
      This family represents an autosomal dominant form of this disease by which only
      men are affected. Diverticula of the bladder can be classified as congenital
      (primary) or acquired (secondary). Vesical diverticula are uncommon in children
      and occur either primarily, when the vesical mucosa protrudes through a
      congenital defect in the bladder wall, or secondarily to bladder outflow
      obstruction. In adults the occurrence of multiloculated secondary diverticula is
      mainly due to subvesical obstruction. This seemingly autosomal dominant form of
      solitary diverticula in men was mostly associated with bladder outlet
      obstruction.

PMID- 6422058
TI  - Female urethral pressure profile; reproducibility, axial variation and effects of
      low dose oral contraceptives.
AB  - The variability of the female urethral pressure profile as determined with the
      microtransducer technique was studied in a group of healthy nulliparous women
      according to a standardized methodology. Estimation of the short term
      reproducibility, as well as investigation of which of several serially recorded
      urethral pressure profiles can be considered as most representative of the basal
      condition, was carried out by performing serial urethral pressure profile
      recordings within the same study session in 12 women. Estimation of the long term
      reproducibility and investigation of the influence of axial rotation of the
      transducer membrane on the measurements were carried out in 20 women who were on
      low dose oral contraceptives. No influence of low dose oral contraceptives on the
      urethral pressure profile measurements could be detected. When serial recordings
      were made within the same study session, the lowest values for the urethral
      closure pressure were generally observed in the 3rd and 4th recordings. The short
      term and long term reproducibility of urethral pressure profile measurements were
      generally the same for the measurements in both the supine and the sitting
      positions. Rotation of the transducer membrane as well as positional changes
      significantly influenced the urethral pressure profile recordings. The recordings
      in which the transducer was oriented ventrally generally showed a shorter
      urethral length and a higher closure pressure than those in which the pressure
      transducer was oriented laterally or dorsally. These observations as well as the
      observations made during dynamic testing indicate an asymmetrical distribution of
      urethral closure forces in healthy nulliparous women.

PMID- 6422059
TI  - Effects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [D-leu6, desgly-NH2(10),
      proethylamide9]-GnRH (leuprolide) on R3327-G rat prostatic tumor growth.
AB  - The synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist [D-leu6, desgly-NH2(10),
      proethylamide9]-GnRH (leuprolide) was tested for its ability to inhibit androgen
      sensitive R3327-G rat prostatic tumor growth in Copenhagen X Fischer F1 male
      rats. The chronic administration of leuprolide at 50 micrograms per kg. body
      weight or 1000 micrograms per kg. body weight significantly reduced serum
      testosterone levels and testis weights. Only chronic leuprolide administration at
      high concentration (1000 micrograms per kg.) compared with orchiectomy in
      reducing the rate of tumor growth, prolonging survival, and affecting changes in
      DNA content per cell as quantitated by flow cytometry. The DNA content changes
      and cell kinetic responses of R3327-G tumors to these treatments were related to
      the extent to which serum testosterone levels were reduced. The data suggest that
      for some prostatic cancers gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist administration
      must reduce serum testosterone levels to those achieved by orchiectomy for
      maximal growth rate inhibition.

PMID- 6422060
TI  - The use of clomiphene citrate in male infertility.

PMID- 6422061
TI  - Adherence of cervical, vaginal and distal urethral normal microbial flora to
      human uroepithelial cells and the inhibition of adherence of gram-negative
      uropathogens by competitive exclusion.
AB  - The adherence of the normal flora to human uroepithelial cells was examined using
      scanning and transmission electron microscopy and an in vitro adhesion assay. The
      normal flora were isolated from human cervical, vaginal and distal urethral
      surfaces. Human uroepithelial cells were obtained from healthy females (controls)
      and from female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. The results
      indicate that: 1) there was no significant difference between the mean adherence
      of the normal flora to the uroepithelial cells from controls or patients, but
      there were quantitative differences between different bacterial species of the
      normal flora attaching to uroepithelial cells; 2) bacterial species isolated from
      the distal urethral and vaginal surfaces attached in larger numbers to
      uroepithelial cells from controls than from patients at day 10 of the menstrual
      cycle (peak value of adherence); 3) the adherence patterns of the cervical and
      vaginal microbial flora were bicyclic and appeared to be related to the human
      menstrual cycle; 4) complete or partial inhibition of adherence of several Gram
      negative uropathogens was achieved by preincubating the uroepithelial cells with
      several bacterial species of the normal flora. Results from this study suggest
      that the normal flora of the urinary tract may play an important protective role
      against attachment of uropathogens to the surfaces of uroepithelial cells, and
      that the blocking capacity of these organisms may vary over the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6422062
TI  - Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy. Relation of etiologic agents to age.
AB  - Age-related differences in etiology were examined in 214 instances of
      mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy. In adults, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was
      isolated from 147 lymph nodes and "atypical" mycobacteria was isolated from seven
      nodes. In contrast, M tuberculosis was isolated from only five nodes from
      children while other mycobacteria were isolated from 55 nodes. Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis clearly preponderates as the cause of mycobacterial cervical
      adenitis in adults while other mycobacteria are the cause of most cervical
      adenitis in children. The preponderance of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in
      cervical adenitis in children contrasts with reports of Mycobacterium
      scrofulaceum as the most frequent causative agent in other geographic areas and
      may reflect either a change in causative agents or geographic differences.
      However, the finding of M tuberculosis in 8% of nodes indicates that other
      mycobacteria cannot be assumed to be the only cause of this disease in children.

PMID- 6422063
TI  - Landmark article May 8, 1943: Treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and
      thiouracil. By E.B. Astwood.

PMID- 6422064
TI  - Landmark perspective: Treatment of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6422065
TI  - Septicemia caused by penicillinase-producing gonococcus.

PMID- 6422066
TI  - 'Benign' monoclonal gammopathy. A misnomer?
AB  - A series of 241 patients with monoclonal protein but no evidence of multiple
      myeloma, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, or lymphoma (benign monoclonal
      gammopathy) were followed up for more than ten years. The patients were
      classified as follows: group 1, patients without increase of monoclonal serum
      protein during follow-up (benign) (37%); group 2, patients with greater than 50%
      increase of monoclonal protein or development of monoclonal urine protein (5%);
      group 3, patients who died of unrelated causes (39%); and group 4, patients in
      whom myeloma, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, or related diseases developed
      (19%). The median interval from recognition of the monoclonal protein to
      diagnosis of multiple myeloma was 98 months; macroglobulinemia, 115 months; and
      systemic amyloidosis, 92 months. No laboratory or clinical data initially
      differentiated patients with benign gammopathy from those in whom serious
      diseases developed. Consequently, serial measurement of serum monoclonal protein
      is essential.

PMID- 6422067
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Disseminated gonococcal infections and meningitis-
      Pennsylvania.

PMID- 6422068
TI  - Utilization of exogenous fat emulsion (Intralipid) in septic rats.
AB  - Utilization of exogenous fat emulsion (Intralipid) in control, early septic, and
      late septic rats were studied. After intravenous infusion of 14C-Intralipid,
      cumulative amounts of 14CO2 in the expired breath in the 6-hr period were 42.8 +/
      1.8, 35.0 +/- 1.8, and 28.5 +/- 1.6% of the injected dose, respectively, for the
      three groups. The amount and the maximum rate of CO2 production correlated with
      the severity of sepsis. Significantly greater amounts of plasma triglyceride and
      free fatty acids were also observed in septic rats. The hyperlipemia associated
      with the observed decrease in plasma clearance of lipids may account for the
      decreased utilization of exogenous fat in septic rats.

PMID- 6422069
TI  - Folic acid and total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The stability of folic acid in a variety of solutions used for parenteral
      nutrition has been determined over a 2-wk period. Provided that the acidity of
      the solution remains above pH 5.0 the folate, in the concentrations usually used
      for parenteral nutrition, will remain stable in solution, and all of the folate
      added to the solution will be delivered to the patient. The applicability of this
      in vitro work to a group of patients requiring parenteral nutrition was assessed,
      in order to determine a suitable dose. A dose of 0.2 mg of folic acid daily was
      inadequate to meet the requirements of these patients. In contrast a dose of 1.2
      mg daily for 7 days was sufficient to cause an increase in the serum folate
      concentration.

PMID- 6422070
TI  - Bacterial contamination of continuously infused enteral alimentation with needle
      catheter jejunostomy--clinical implications.
AB  - The administration of elemental diet through fine needle catheter jejunostomy is
      becoming a common alternative route for postoperative feedings. The current
      review describes a septic syndrome which has been attributed to contamination of
      these feedings. The authors discuss a number of patient reports, as well as the
      etiology of the septic-like syndrome. Recommendations for the elimination of this
      syndrome are made and further review of patients during the course of changes in
      technique is described.

PMID- 6422071
TI  - Parenteral nutrition in a premature infant with phenylketonuria.
AB  - Parenteral nutrition (PN) is now an important facet of the management of the
      extremely premature infant. However, its effects on those with inherited
      metabolic disease have not been well documented. We report an infant with
      classical phenylketonuria (PKU) who had unusually high serum phenylalanine at 12
      days of life (5200 mumol; greater than 3.2 SD above our mean for PKU at 10-15
      days of age) while on parenteral nutrition, despite a relatively high tolerance
      for phenylalanine on oral feeds at 3-4 months of life (97-128 mg/kg/day; normal
      for PKU: less than 90 mg/kg/day). Identification of PKU was somewhat delayed in
      this child because of failure to recognize that parenteral nutrition provides a
      phenylalanine load equivalent to or greater than the routine oral formula
      feeding. Despite the high levels of phenylalanine in the first 2 wk of life,
      mental and motor development are normal at 16 months of age. This case, the first
      such reported, suggests the parenteral nutrition in the premature PKU infant is
      relatively safe, but draws attention to the possible need for phenylalanine-free
      amino acid infusates for those who require long-term treatment.

PMID- 6422072
TI  - A simple and accurate indirect calorimetry system for assessment of resting
      energy expenditure.
AB  - An indirect calorimetry system was assembled from three readily available major
      components: a digital pneumotachograph, an oxygen analyzer, and a carbon dioxide
      analyzer. A one-way valve, face mask, and meteorological balloon completed the
      system. Accuracy was assessed by comparison to direct calorimetry in hospitalized
      patients undergoing enteral hyperalimentation. Each subject was on continuous
      infusion of formula during a 7-day metabolic balance. Direct and indirect
      calorimetry was performed over the last 4 days of the balance. The overall
      agreement between the two methods was within 1%. A simple and inexpensive
      calorimetry system can therefore be assembled to provide an accurate measure of
      resting energy expenditure.

PMID- 6422073
TI  - Deep brachial vein catheterization for total parenteral nutrition--an alternate
      approach: review of 154 cases.
AB  - The relative safety of silicon rubber catheters allows us to use deep brachial
      vein catheterization when other vascular accesses are hazardous or impossible.
      The vein is isolated from nerve and artery after a small incision is made across
      the inner edge of the brachial biceps. From January 1980 until April 1982, 154
      catheters were inserted and remained in place from 14-167 days. In four instances
      the catheter had to be replaced because the tip was not in the superior vena
      cava. Twice bleeding had to be controlled with an occlusive bandage. We had no
      incidence of clinical thrombosis. The surgical access to the deep brachial vein
      provides a simple and safe method for difficult and even long-term vascular
      access.

PMID- 6422074
TI  - Carnitine deficiency with hyperbilirubinemia, generalized skeletal muscle
      weakness, and reactive hypoglycemia in a patient on long-term total parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6422075
TI  - Unusual alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern associated with parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6422077
TI  - Importance of nutrition for female population of reproductive age.

PMID- 6422076
TI  - Improved N-retention during L-carnitine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The influence of intravenously administered L-carnitine on lipid- and nitrogen
      metabolism was studied during total parenteral nutrition of piglets (mean weight
      4077 g; n = 9). The infusion protocol was divided into three isocaloric and
      isonitrogenous 48-hr periods. Amino acids (3 g/kg day) were administered
      throughout all three periods: 140 cal/kg/day were given as nonprotein calories,
      consisting only of glucose during period 1; during periods 2 and 3, an amount of
      glucose calorically equivalent to 4 g fat/kg/day was substituted with a lipid
      emulsion, and L-carnitine (1.5 mg/kg/day) was added in period 3. Key parameters
      of fat- and nitrogen-metabolism were determined during the entire regime.
      Indirect calorimetry was performed and the respiratory quotient calculated during
      all three periods. The results demonstrate a more effective lipolysis and
      oxidation of fatty acids during L-carnitine supplementation. These changes
      produce an increased energy gain from exogenously administered fat and a distinct
      improvement in nitrogen balance.

PMID- 6422078
TI  - Prevalence of obesity amongst female medical students.

PMID- 6422079
TI  - Electrolytes in healthy subjects.

PMID- 6422080
TI  - A preliminary study on diarrhoeal disease in preschool children.

PMID- 6422081
TI  - Pattern of admissions in a thoracic unit.

PMID- 6422082
TI  - Factitious fever.

PMID- 6422083
TI  - Acute renal failure in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6 P.D.) deficiency.

PMID- 6422084
TI  - Bacteriuria in children.

PMID- 6422085
TI  - Comparative haematological studies on Tatera indica with three anticoagulant
      compounds.

PMID- 6422086
TI  - Priapism: a report of 4 cases.

PMID- 6422087
TI  - Disorders of renal function in hepatic coma.

PMID- 6422088
TI  - Heroin at Panjgur.

PMID- 6422089
TI  - Psychiatric symptomatology in climacterium.

PMID- 6422090
TI  - Quality control of pharmaceuticals by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6422091
TI  - Partial nephrectomy for adenocarcinoma in paediatric age group.

PMID- 6422092
TI  - [Problems in the use of newly introduced anti-shock agents].

PMID- 6422093
TI  - [Effects of vasodilator and hypertensive agents on intracranial pressure].

PMID- 6422094
TI  - [Tumor immunity induced by local radiotherapy].
AB  - The tumor-specific immunopotential was obtained by local X-irradiation to tumor
      under certain condition. This radiation-induced tumor-specific immunity did not
      effectively manifest in in vivo system due to suppressor cells. Combined effect
      of radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide, which reduced presuppressor cells, was
      examined in the murine tumor system. C3H/He mice with transplantable Fibrosarcoma
      was used. Tumor was locally irradiated by 8MeV Electron beam (LMT-15). Tumors
      were treated when they grew at 8 +/- 1 mm in size. Tumor growth curve and tumor
      regrowth time were studied. Suppression of tumor growth was noticed in the
      combined treatment group of irradiation and cyclophosphamide. Treatment of
      cyclophosphamide after irradiation was effective to tumor.

PMID- 6422095
TI  - [Relationship between radiotherapy and tumor immunity in hosts].
AB  - There are several opinions which denied therapeutic effects of preoperative
      irradiation, however, we have obtained favorable results by preoperative
      irradiation for the advanced breast and stomach cancers. Because we treated them
      by less-fractionated irradiation method with a large dose instead of conventional
      fractionated one. We adopted this kind of radiation method for the purpose of
      enhancing the antigenicity of the cancer cells (that means to inhibit the
      suppression of immune reaction in hosts). Cases of advanced breast cancer were
      irradiated with 30 Gy at once or 10 Gy at three times a week (total 30 Gy) by
      betatron electron and we treated advanced stomach cancer with twice a week method
      (5 Gy or 3 Gy each time, total 40 Gy) by 6 MV X-ray. Cellular infiltration into
      the stroma of malignant tumor is able to be considered as cellular immunity of
      the tumor. The same reaction could be observed in radiotherapy for cancer by
      using above method. After preoperative irradiation, we examined the resected
      specimen histopathologically. Remarkable cellular infiltrations into the tumor
      nests, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells were
      observed and these cellular infiltrations after the preoperative irradiation were
      more remarkable than the cases without radiotherapy or with conventional
      fractionated radiotherapy. The abscopal effects could be seen in several cases.
      Peripheral lymphocytes, T cells, B cells and blastoid formation rate induced by
      PHA in vitro were all increased after less-fractionated irradiation. The reaction
      to 4 kinds of immunological skin tests was also enhanced.

PMID- 6422096
TI  - [Immunological approach and surgical treatment of cancer].
AB  - It is first mentioned that there is a method of evaluation for the effect on
      immunochemotherapy as an adjuvant and supporting therapy to surgery. The
      availability of clinical immunotherapy with surgical treatment was studied by
      using some prospectively randomized trials. The results were summarized as
      follows; A combined modality therapy of nonspecific and host mediate
      immunotherapy and chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery was effective on long
      survival, and the therapy had simultaneously a protective effect of toxicity
      based on some chemotherapeutic agents. The therapy was effective on the patients
      who had rather immunologically high response such as curatively or non-curatively
      resected case than those of nonresectable case. In some combination, combined
      modality therapy may have not effect, so it should be used under paying attention
      to the points that are type and dose of agents, timing and interval of
      administration, and combination method of surgical, chemical and immunological
      treatments.

PMID- 6422097
TI  - [Radiobiology in clinical trials for fast neutron therapy, with special reference
      to the treatment of malignant melanoma].
AB  - Clinical trials with fast neutrons have been advocated by the features of the
      beam, characterized by low oxygen enhancement ratio as well as low repair
      capability of the irradiated cells. The results show that for selected tumors,
      locally advanced, local control rates were excellent, whereas the effects of the
      beam have not been fully satisfied on the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the
      tongue and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Evaluating the results
      treating the patients suffering from malignant melanoma, the meaning of
      radiobiology was discussed in use of high LET radiations for clinical
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 6422098
TI  - [New application of FC-43 as a hypoxic cell sensitizer].
AB  - Meth-A fibrosarcoma (10(5) cells) was implanted into the thigh of BALB/c mice.
      After a predetermined interval, the mice were injected i.v. with FC-43
      (artificial blood) with or without oxygen, treated by irradiation or a
      combination of injection and irradiation and the effect of these treatments was
      studied. The mear tumor weight of animals treated by irradiation plus oxygen was
      6.57 g and 3.18 g in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Treatment with
      irradiation plus FC-43 with oxygen resulted in a significant decrease of the mean
      tumor weight, 3.17 g and 1.59 g in experiments 1 and 2, respectively (p less than
      0.05, p less than 0.02). FC-43 with oxygen may have a synergistic effect for
      radiation therapy. When the preirradiated tumors were small (4.8 mm2), this
      effect was not obvious.

PMID- 6422099
TI  - [Ossification arising in the atypical epithelium in primary stomach cancer-
      report of a case].
AB  - We report a case of primary stomach carcinoma arising in the atypical epithelium,
      which was accompanied with ossification. The patient was a 73-year-old man, who
      was operated because of the possibility of advanced Type IIa carcinoma. Grossly,
      a large papillary polypoid lesion was recognized in the anterior wall of the
      antrum near the pylorus ring. Histological study revealed well differentiated
      tubular adenocarcinoma arising in the atypical epithelium; ossification was found
      in the stroma without necrosis, calcification or chondrification. Ossification
      arising in primary stomach carcinoma is very rare. Only five cases of
      ossification in primary stomach carcinoma have been reported in the world
      literature; two of these were Japanese patients. Probably ours is the first
      reported case with both stomach carcinoma and ossification arising in the
      atypical epithelium.

PMID- 6422100
TI  - [Result of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer--radical radiotherapy combined with
      intracavitary radium irradiation].
AB  - Between 1974 and 1980, 61 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated
      by external irradiation combined with additional intracavitary radium therapy.
      The esophageal primary control rate was 36% (22/61) and the 5-year survival rate
      was 24.7%. We believe that external radiation therapy followed by additional
      intracavitary radium irradiation produces good results.

PMID- 6422101
TI  - [A case of so-called plasma cell granuloma of the stomach--demonstration of
      monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgM, K) in the plasma cells].
AB  - A patient with a surgically removed plasma cell granuloma of the stomach is
      reported. The patient was a 54-year-old male, the lesion was IIc-like on the
      anterior wall of the antrum. Histologically conspicuous features were marked
      thickening of the submucosa by fibrosis, hyperplastic lymph follicles and massive
      infiltration of mature plasma cells. However, immunohistochemical study using the
      PAP technique demonstrated the monoclonal nature of the infiltrating plasma cells
      which were positive for IgM, k. This is the fourth case of plasma cell granuloma
      reported in the literature, however, our findings also suggested that this might
      be an early stage of plasmacytoma.

PMID- 6422102
TI  - [A gastric cancer patient who underwent curative resection by angiotension
      induced hypertension cancer chemotherapy].
AB  - We performed angiotension-induced hypertension cancer chemotherapy in a patient
      with unresectable gastric cancer with invasion to the pancreatic head and
      lymphatic metastases along the common hepatic and celiac arteries. At re
      operation, the tumor size was remarkably decreased and we were able to perform
      curative subtotal gastrectomy without invasion and metastases. The pathological
      specimen showed no malignant cells at postoperation.

PMID- 6422103
TI  - [A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the stomach].
AB  - A 51-year-old man with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the stomach is presented.
      He complained of epigastralgia. Barium meal revealed 2 submucosal tumors in the
      gastric body. Laboratory investigations showed neither hypergammaglobulinemia nor
      proteinuria. Bone X-ray examinations were not remarkable. There was tumor
      invasion to the pancreas and metastasis to the perigastric lymph nodes. Proximal
      gastrectomy was performed, and the patient died 5.5 years after the operation.
      Histologically, the proliferation of atypical plasma cells with eccentric nuclei
      was seen. Those cells invaded all layers of the stomach. The tumor cells were
      pyroninophilic and contained Russel bodies. Immunohistochemical study using the
      immunoperoxidase technique demonstrated IgG and lambda-light chains in the tumor
      cells.

PMID- 6422104
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition: progress of studies and clinical implication].

PMID- 6422105
TI  - [Relationship between serum pepsinogen levels and gastric acid-pepsin secretion].

PMID- 6422106
TI  - [Sequential study of non-A, non-B hepatitis in Shimizu city].

PMID- 6422107
TI  - [Effects of low concentrations of and long-term exposures to nitrogen dioxide on
      rat arterial blood pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2].

PMID- 6422108
TI  - Changes in zinc in milk during enzymatic digestion.

PMID- 6422109
TI  - [Detection of glomerular antigens in experimental nephritis (passive Heymann
      nephritis, serum sickness, and Masugi nephritis)--focal glomerular
      desensitization and the immuno-deposition elution test].

PMID- 6422110
TI  - [Pathophysiologic aspects and management after total pancreatectomy].

PMID- 6422111
TI  - [Education program and long-term management for the patient with total
      gastrectomy].

PMID- 6422112
TI  - Pharmacological modulation of IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation in
      experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.
AB  - Immediate hypersensitivity phenomena have been shown previously to occur at the
      beginning of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced in Lewis rats by
      immunization with purified S-antigen from bovine retina. The onset time and
      severity of the disease were modified by modulating the mast cell (MC) function.
      Drugs blocking the release of mediators from MC, disodium cromoglycate and
      ketotifen, given as eyedrops, slightly delayed the onset and decreased the
      severity of inflammation. Compound 48/80, a drug effective in depleting MC of
      their inflammatory mediators, delayed significantly the onset, decreased and
      sometimes suppressed EAU, when given by the subconjunctival or intraperitoneal
      routes. No modification of the IgG and the IgE circulating anti-S-antibody level
      was demonstrated in both types of treatment, whereas in vitro reagin-dependent
      degranulation of peritoneal MC in the presence of the antigen was decreased in
      both cases. Identification of MC-bound reagins as IgE was strongly suggested by
      the blocking effect of anti-IgE antibodies on MC degranulation. These data
      confirm the link between MC activation and the onset and severity of EAU.

PMID- 6422113
TI  - Effects of hypocapnia on respiratory timing and inspiratory activities of the
      superior laryngeal, hypoglossal, and phrenic nerves in the vagotomized rat.
AB  - Effects of acute hypocapnia on respiratory timing (inspiratory and expiratory
      times (TI, TE) ) and on inspiratory activities of the efferent superior laryngeal
      (Xs1), hypoglossal (XII), and phrenic (Phr) nerves were studied in artificially
      ventilated vagotomized, and anesthetized rats. Hyperventilation induced a
      decrease in respiratory frequency exclusively due to prolongation of TE and
      resulted in expiratory apnea. Inspiratory activities of three nerves decreased
      with reduction in CO2 concentration of end-tidal gas (FETCO2), and disappeared
      simultaneously at a threshold FETCO2 for apnea. The decrease in the peak
      inspiratory activity by hypocapnia was larger in the XII than in the Phr or Xs1
      nerve (XII greater than Phr greater than Xs1). The results suggest that the CO2
      stimulus (mainly via a central chemosensor) plays an important role in the
      process of terminating expiration or of expiratory-inspiratory phase switching
      and that the responses of the XII or Xs1 motoneurons to variation in CO2 stimulus
      differ from that of the Phr motoneurons (or of the Phr driving medullary
      neurons). A possible functional significance of these observations is discussed.

PMID- 6422114
TI  - A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and nitroglycerin on the norepinephrine
      induced contractions in the isolated femoral artery and vein.

PMID- 6422115
TI  - Promotion of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis by high
      dietary fat in the rat: possible role of intercellular communication.
AB  - The effect of high levels of dietary fat on the promotion phase of rat mammary
      tumorigenesis and the effect of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on
      metabolic cooperation in hamster cells were examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats
      were given iv injections of 5 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and
      subsequently placed on 20% high-fat (HF) and 4.5% corn oil control (CF) diets.
      Rats treated with DMBA and fed HF diet for the entire duration of the experiment
      developed more tumors with shorter latency than rats fed CF diet for the entire
      experiment. Rats fed HF diet for 3 weeks at different times after DMBA treatment
      showed similar, enhanced mammary tumor development. Lengthening the duration of
      HF diet treatment (0, 3, 6, 16 wk) increased mammary tumor development,
      suggesting a time dose-response relationship. Removal of the HF diet treatment
      partially reversed its stimulatory effects on tumor development. These results
      indicate that dietary fat acts as a classical tumor promoter to enhance mammary
      tumorigenesis. The influence of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on
      metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine-sensitive (6-TGS) and 6-thioguanine
      resistant (6-TGr) Chinese hamster V79 cells was examined. Linoleic acid,
      palmitoleic acid, and arachidonic acid significantly increased the recovery of 6
      TGr cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. Stearic acid, palmitic acid, and
      arachadic acid had no effect on the recovery of 6-TGr cells at either cytotoxic
      or noncytotoxic concentrations. These results demonstrate that unsaturated fatty
      acids but not saturated fatty acids can inhibit metabolic cooperation between
      Chinese hamster V79 cells, and suggest, mechanistically, that high dietary levels
      of polyunsaturated fat could promote tumorigenesis by inhibition of intercellular
      communication.

PMID- 6422116
TI  - [The economic value of nursing research].

PMID- 6422117
TI  - [Platelet membranes and thrombocyte aggregation in rats with spontaneous
      hypertension].
AB  - Calcium binding was significantly reduced, and lipid microviscosity increased, in
      platelet membranes and erythrocyte shadows of spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). Their platelet sensitivity to calcium was already increased at the
      prehypertensive stage, and the rate of A23187-induced platelet aggregation was
      increased significantly by 24 weeks of life. The demonstrated biochemical
      properties of SHR's platelet membranes can account for their increased
      aggregative capacity and may be important in the pathogenesis of arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 6422118
TI  - [Classification of epileptic fits and epileptic syndromes].

PMID- 6422119
TI  - [Currents aspects of pancreatic transplantation].

PMID- 6422120
TI  - [Suitability of resorbable sutures in the treatment of corneal wounds].
AB  - In a series of cataract operations with a corneal incision PDS 10-0 absorbable
      sutures were tested. In contrast to deeper PDS sutures, such as are used in
      corneoscleral incisions, the corneal sutures opened as early as between 13 and 30
      days postoperatively in 5 out of 7 cases. Postoperative irritation was more
      severe and lasted longer than is usual when non absorbable sutures are used. This
      was probably caused by ends of the thread which had not yet been absorbed,
      resulting in a foreign body irritation of long duration. Altogether, absorbable
      PDS 10-0 sutures are only suitable for corneal wound closure to a limited extent.

PMID- 6422122
TI  - [14th European Student Conference in London, 19-23 September 1983].

PMID- 6422121
TI  - [Role of biogenic amines in the etiology of pulmonary hypertension in chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases and the effect of sustac].

PMID- 6422123
TI  - [Significance and status of nursing in our society].

PMID- 6422125
TI  - [Documentation and information in the hospital].

PMID- 6422124
TI  - [Permanent night duty - a new specialty nurse? Report on a "Night Duty" seminar
      in the BZE].

PMID- 6422126
TI  - [Patients' dependence on care as actual factor in the determination of personnel
      need for nursing staff].

PMID- 6422127
TI  - [As development assistant in the health system in Togo [West Africa].

PMID- 6422128
TI  - [Accident prevention regulation. Origin, form and legal significance].

PMID- 6422129
TI  - [Finally up-to-date regulations for employees in the health service. The new
      accident prevention regulation "Health Service" (VBG 103)].

PMID- 6422130
TI  - [Active immunization against hepatitis B. Hepatitis as an occupational disease].

PMID- 6422131
TI  - [Accident prevention in the hospital].

PMID- 6422132
TI  - [Protective clothing: a crucial point in the accident prevention regulation
      "Health Service" (VBG 103)].

PMID- 6422133
TI  - [14th European Student Conference in London, 19-23 September 1983. 2nd report -
      seminar "dying with dignity"].

PMID- 6422135
TI  - [Drug action. Safe handling of cytostatic agents].

PMID- 6422134
TI  - [Study trip to Rotterdam. Report by participants of the course for geriatric
      nursing of the Frankfurter Society for Care to the Aged and Disabled].

PMID- 6422136
TI  - [Nursing at the university?].

PMID- 6422137
TI  - Physical and kinetic properties of beta-glucosidase in Gaucher disease.
AB  - Membrane-bound 'acid' beta-glucosidase of human spleen was solubilized with
      either sodium cholate or 'Cutscum'. The solubilized enzyme in type 1 (adult)
      Gaucher disease was less heat-stable than the normal enzyme, and when
      precipitated by ammonium sulphate it had a higher apparent molecular weight than
      the corresponding normal enzyme. The normal beta-glucosidase was activated by
      taurocholate, whereas the Gaucher enzyme was inhibited. The decrease in 'acid'
      beta-glucosidase activity in Gaucher disease was associated with a profound
      deficiency of that form of the enzyme which bound to Concanavalin A. The results
      are consistent with faulty processing of newly synthesized 'acid' beta
      glucosidase in type 1 Gaucher disease.

PMID- 6422138
TI  - Deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase deficiency--a harmless inborn error of
      metabolism.
AB  - Evidence is presented that a deficiency of 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase was
      present in a previously described patient who excreted metabolites of 2
      deoxyribose in his urine. Minor clinical abnormalities present did not appear
      related to this disorder.

PMID- 6422139
TI  - Glycogen phosphorylase b kinase deficiency in three siblings.

PMID- 6422140
TI  - The iduronate sulphatase activities of cells and tissue fluids from patients with
      Hunter syndrome and normal controls.
AB  - The substrate O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid-2-sulphate)-(1 leads to 4)-2,5
      anhydro-D-(3H-1) mannitol-6-sulphate was used at a final concentration of 50
      mmol/l to measure the alpha-L-idurono-2-sulphate sulphatase activities of cell
      extracts, serum and amniotic fluid. Activities were measured after dialysis
      against water, to avoid the inhibitory effect of sodium chloride and the reaction
      products separated by ion-exchange chromatography on ECTEOLA cellulose. The
      enzyme present in normal serum had an apparent Km of 0.12 mmol/l. The mean
      activities of normal serum, fibroblasts and leukocytes were 0.61, 16.63 and 18.75
      nmol/mg protein per hour respectively, while corresponding 'Hunter' tissues
      contained between 1% and 3% of normal activity. Cultured normal amniotic cells
      had a mean activity of 8.46 nmol/mg protein per hour, while those cultured from
      'Hunter' patients contained about 6% of normal activity. Hunter disease can thus
      be readily diagnosed in a wide variety of tissues. Samples from three obligate
      heterozygotes were found to have iduronate sulphatase activities amounting to
      41%, 57% and 63% of normal values.

PMID- 6422141
TI  - Problems of prenatal diagnosis of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.
AB  - Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) is a rare disorder of amino acid metabolism,
      causing severe, frequently lethal neurological symptoms in the neonatal period.
      There is no curative therapy, and attempts at prenatal diagnosis have been
      unsuccessful. In the present study the usefulness of the determination of the
      glycine/serine ratio in the prenatal diagnosis of NKH was studied. The
      glycine/serine ratio of the amniotic fluid of the last trimester of pregnancies
      with a fetus affected with NKH was higher (8.5 +/- 3.3; mean +/- SD) than in
      pregnancies of NKH-heterozygote mothers with a healthy fetus (4.1 +/- 1.7) or
      than in pregnancies of healthy mothers (4.3 +/- 1.5). There is, however,
      overlapping of individual values, which limits the usefulness of this test for
      prenatal diagnosis of NKH.

PMID- 6422142
TI  - Xanthine oxidase deficiency and 'Dalmatian' hypouricaemia: incidence and effect
      of exercise.
AB  - In order to study the effects of raising the hypoxanthine concentration in plasma
      on its metabolism and renal handling, the effects of intense exercise have been
      investigated in a patient with xanthine oxidase deficiency. Despite the 90-fold
      increased concentration of hypoxanthine in plasma above resting levels in normal
      individuals, the intracellular concentration of the initial product of
      hypoxanthine in cells, IMP, was unaffected. Evolution may have stabilized
      intracellular nucleotide concentrations against the large fluctuations in plasma
      hypoxanthine which occur during exercise. The renal handling of hypoxanthine is
      consistent with 'filtration'. In contrast, xanthine clearances may exceed those
      for creatinine and urinary concentrations do not correlate with those for
      creatinine; 'secretion' may be involved. Xanthine excretion may reflect guanine
      breakdown. A retrospective survey of urate concentrations in blood from 47 420
      patients followed by further selected investigations detected 2 women with
      persistent marked hypouricaemia and high urinary urate clearances, 'Dalmatian'
      hypouricaemia. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of plasma extracts
      can distinguish xanthine oxidase deficiency from other causes of hypouricaemia.

PMID- 6422143
TI  - Differential diagnosis of variant forms of hyperphenylalaninaemia by urinary
      pterins.

PMID- 6422144
TI  - Biochemical studies in mouse Krabbe's disease (Twitcher).

PMID- 6422145
TI  - A defective enzyme in hyperphenylalaninaemia due to biopterin deficiency.

PMID- 6422146
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for Niemann-Pick mice.

PMID- 6422147
TI  - Demonstration of acid maltase protein in Pompe disease by use of
      immunohistochemical and enzyme immunoassay methods.

PMID- 6422148
TI  - The mechanism of hyperammonaemia and hyperornithinaemia in the syndrome of
      hyperornithinaemia, hyperammonaemia with homocitrullinuria.

PMID- 6422149
TI  - Diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease using radiolabelled chondroitin 6-sulphate-derived
      trisaccharides.

PMID- 6422150
TI  - A case of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency with later prenatal diagnosis of an
      unaffected sibling.
AB  - A severely mentally retarded infant with congenital lactic acidosis due to
      pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is reported. The patient suffered from vomiting
      and convulsions soon after birth and developed severe mental and motor
      retardation at 3 months of age. The persistent elevation of pyruvate and lactate
      in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid and hyperalanaemia suggested an impairment
      of pyruvate oxidation. The enzyme activities of pyruvate carboxylase in both
      liver tissues and cultured skin fibroblasts of the patient revealed values of
      about 5% of controls. However, pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase activities in liver tissues were within normal limits. The patient
      had no response to administration of large doses of thiamine, lipoic acid and
      biotin, clinically and biochemically. A prenatal diagnosis was performed in the
      second pregnancy and the pyruvate carboxylase activities of the cultured amniotic
      fluid cells obtained by amniocentesis were within normal limits.

PMID- 6422151
TI  - Neonatal pyruvate carboxylase deficiency with renal tubular acidosis and
      cystinuria.
AB  - This report concerns a patient with severe congenital lacticacidosis associated
      with proximal renal tubular acidosis and cystinuria. Enzyme studies with cultured
      skin fibroblasts obtained from the patient revealed zero pyruvate carboxylase
      activity, but propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity was normal. Administration of
      various vitamins in large amounts did not improve the clinical condition. In
      contrast, the patient began to thrive when her diet was supplemented with
      aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glutamine. The particular dietary
      treatment used and the biochemical findings merit consideration for management of
      future cases.

PMID- 6422152
TI  - Free amino acid concentrations in blood cells of two brothers with gyrate atrophy
      of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemia.
AB  - In this study we selected blood cells as accessible tissues and measured the free
      amino acid concentrations in erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes of two
      patients with gyrate atrophy with hyperornithinaemia. We found that ornithine
      concentrations were elevated in blood cells, to different degrees depending on
      the type of cell, and that aspartic acid concentrations were low in erythrocytes.
      We also investigated the fluctuation of free amino acid concentrations in blood
      cells up to 24 h after the oral administration of ornithine. The ornithine
      concentration in the blood cells of the patients reached a peak 2 h after the
      oral administration, and remained high for at least 4 h, although after 2 h the
      concentration curves differed in the three types of cells.

PMID- 6422153
TI  - Studies on the pathway from ornithine to proline in cultured skin fibroblasts
      with reference to the defect in hyperornithinaemia with hyperammonaemia and
      homocitrullinuria.
AB  - The reduction in the conversion of ornithine to proline by fibroblasts from a
      patient with hyperornithinaemia with hyperammonaemia and homocitrullinuria cannot
      be explained by a reduced uptake of exogenous ornithine, an altered total
      intracellular ornithine content, or reduced conversion of gamma-glutamate
      semialdehyde to proline. However, neither could the postulated defect in
      mitochondrial ornithine uptake be demonstrated using the digitonin method.
      Increasing the ornithine concentration in the medium increased the incorporation
      of 14C label from ornithine into protein in both the patient's and control cells.
      In the patient's cells the apparent Km for ornithine was ten times that of the
      controls, although the Vmax values were comparable. This result parallels the
      clinical response to ornithine supplementation.

PMID- 6422154
TI  - Immunological evidence for an ornithine transcarbamylase lesion resulting in the
      formation of enzyme with smaller protein subunits.
AB  - An unusual form of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was found in a male
      child who became unconscious at 8 months. Two maternal uncles had died during
      similar illnesses at 6 years and 11 years, respectively. Detailed studies of the
      enzyme showed 10% residual activity, a very low Km for carbamyl phosphate (0.015
      mmol/l) and near normal amounts of immunoreactive protein with a smaller than
      normal subunit (molecular weight 37 800 instead of 39 700). This information was
      obtained from a 10 mg liver biopsy core using protein separation on SDS
      polyacrylamide gel, electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose filters and
      probing with antibody to the enzyme. Resolution of the exact mutation causing
      this change will be of interest to those who are studying the processing of
      mitochondrial enzymes during transport from the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6422155
TI  - The simple detection of neuraminic acid-containing urinary oligosaccharides in
      patients with glycoprotein storage diseases.
AB  - Urine samples from patients with different types of glycoprotein storage disease
      were chromatographed by gel filtration and the fractions analysed for sialic
      acid. Patients with mucolipidoses I and II excreted the largest amounts of bound
      sialic acid. One patient with GM1 gangliosidosis showed an abnormal level of
      sialyloligosaccharide excretion. Other patients showed normal results. With the
      present method mucolipidoses I and II, together with GM1 gangliosidosis, are
      readily distinguished from other possible oligosaccharidurias.

PMID- 6422156
TI  - A case of beta-ketothiolase deficiency.

PMID- 6422157
TI  - Evidence for an hereditary defect in taurine transport in the ciliary epithelium
      of an inbred strain of rabbits.
AB  - The concentration of taurine in the aqueous humour and serum of 21 rabbits with
      hereditary buphthalmia (Bu rabbits-genotype bu/bu) was compared with the aqueous
      and serum taurine levels of eight strain-related normal rabbits (JAX) and nine
      non-strain-related normal rabbits (MCV). There was a significant difference in
      the mean aqueous taurine concentration in each of the three groups. The Bu
      rabbits had only 29% of the MCV rabbits' level while the JAX rabbits were
      intermediate with 56% of the MCV level. It is suggested that some of the JAX
      rabbits may be heterozygous and the Bu rabbits homozygous for a semi-dominant
      allele of a gene that is less efficient in taurine transport in the ciliary
      epithelium than the normal allele represented by the MCV animals.

PMID- 6422158
TI  - Hair root analysis in X-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - Hair roots have been analysed in a large kindred with X-linked ichthyosis
      associated with steroid sulphatase deficiency. Enzyme activity in individual hair
      roots was assayed for the steroid sulphatase:neutral alpha-glucosidase ratio, the
      latter serving as an indicator of the general metabolic activity of the hair
      root. The distribution of the enzyme ratios in the individual hair roots in the
      heterozygotes described a normal curve suggesting origin from a single population
      of cells. The results differed strikingly from the irregular distribution of
      enzyme activities in hair roots of Lesch-Nyhan disease, where mosaicism occurs.
      It is suggested that the maternal and paternal genes for steroid sulphatase
      remain active in vivo in each cell in the hair root in apparent contradiction to
      the Lyon hypothesis. The observation is consistent with that previously reported
      for skin fibroblasts in vitro. Sulphatase activity in female controls was
      minimally greater than in males but the difference was not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 6422159
TI  - Hypoglycaemia in classical maple syrup urine disease is not due to
      hyperinsulinism.

PMID- 6422160
TI  - A new French-Canadian family affected by hyperargininaemia.
AB  - A new French-Canadian family from the province of Quebec is reported, in which a
      male child was diagnosed as hyperargininaemic after showing positive tests for
      cystinuria on neonatal screening. The child has no residual activity of
      erythrocyte arginase, and a plasma arginine level of 633 mumol/l. Both parents
      have 32-38% of arginase activity. A newborn sister has normal enzyme levels. The
      propositus did not show abnormal plasma ammonia elevation even after a protein
      tolerance test (1.5 g protein/kg body weight) but excretes high levels of urinary
      orotate (845 mg/g creatinine). At 3 1/2 years of age the hyperargininaemic child
      had started showing abnormal gait, ataxia and slowing of intellectual
      development. It is suggested that all newborn children showing cystinuria
      lysinuria pattern of amino acid excretion be tested for arginase deficiency.

PMID- 6422161
TI  - Organic acids and branched-chain amino acids in body fluids before and after
      multiple exchange transfusions in maple syrup urine disease.
AB  - We successfully treated a critically ill infant with the classical type of maple
      syrup urine disease by multiple exchange transfusions via a peripheral artery and
      vein and with positive calorie supplementation in the early stage of therapy.
      Clinical improvement was definite after the plasma leucine level fell below 1
      mmol/l. There was a close linear correlation between plasma concentrations of
      branched-chain amino acids and their corresponding branched-chain alpha-keto
      acids and branched-chain alpha-hydroxy acids. alpha-Hydroxy acids were more
      easily excreted in the urine than alpha-keto acids and amino acids. Our studies
      on urinary organic acids supported the existence of minor metabolic pathways of
      branched-chain alpha-keto acids, although they were not thought to be important
      in eliminating accumulated alpha-keto acids. Urinary excretion of succinic acid
      and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, which are components of the citric acid cycle,
      increased transiently during the patient's convalescence. The cerebrospinal
      fluid/plasma ratios for branched-chain amino acids, alpha-keto acids, and alpha
      hydroxy acids were very high before the transfusions and decreased after
      improvement. The cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratios for 5-carbon acids, alpha
      ketoisovaleric acid and alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid were much higher than for
      other branched-chain acids not only in the patient but also in normal controls.
      Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid and alpha
      hydroxyisovaleric acid were as high as 1 mmol/l in our patient.

PMID- 6422162
TI  - Chemical studies on postmortem tissues from an infant with a sphingomyelin
      storage disorder.
AB  - Investigations of formalin-stored tissues from a female child 3 weeks old showed
      that the concentrations of sphingomyelin, cholesterol and other lipids were
      increased in spleen and other tissues. Although the disorder could not be
      confirmed enzymatically, the findings are most consistent with the patient having
      a sphingomyelin storage disorder. Tissue lipid data for a series of subjects
      without storage disorders are presented and may provide useful information for
      interpretation of results from autopsy samples.

PMID- 6422163
TI  - Fracture faces of cell junctions in cerebral endothelium during normal and
      hyperosmotic conditions.
AB  - Infusion of hyperosmolar solutions into the internal carotid artery causes
      opening of blood-brain barrier to macromolecules. Ultrastructural tracer studies
      indicate that extravasation of macromolecules takes place primarily in segments
      of large penetrating cortical blood vessels. The purpose of the present study was
      to examine fracture faces of cerebral endothelium in normal and hyperosmolar
      mannitol-treated rat brains in an attempt to elucidate: (a) the organization of
      endothelial cell junctions in various segments of the cerebral vascular bed and
      (b) the structural basis of blood-brain barrier opening in hyperosmotic
      conditions. We found that in control rat brains: (a) capillary endothelium is
      provided with complex networks of continuous multistranded tight junctions; (b)
      continuous capillary-type tight junctions extend, although in a simpler beltlike
      fashion, into the endothelium of postcapillary venules; (c) the endothelium of
      collecting veins possess widely discontinuous single- or double-stranded tight
      junctions associated with gap junctions; (d) arteries have endothelial tight
      junctions containing focal discontinuities associated with gap junctions. In
      hyperosmolar mannitol-treated rat brains, there appeared focal distensions of
      compartments but no definitive structural discontinuities in capillary-type tight
      junctions. Our data suggest that the blood-brain barrier consists of: (a) an
      extended tight region (comprising both capillaries and postcapillary venules) and
      (b) focal, potentially leaky regions (restricted to collecting veins and possibly
      arteries). Our studies furnished no direct evidence for the structural basis of
      blood-brain barrier opening in hyperosmolar mannitol-treated rat brains.

PMID- 6422164
TI  - Aphasia after successful radiation treatment: a report of two cases.

PMID- 6422165
TI  - Measuring the success of occupational alcoholism programs.
AB  - The research on the success of occupational alcoholism programs (OAPs) was
      reviewed. One measure of the success of OAPs has been a change in drinking
      behavior. This may seem like the most relevant measure but there are questions
      about its reliability because researchers usually depend on subjects' self
      reports and do not define their criteria for successful outcome well. In
      addition, attempts by employers to dictate the drinking habits of their employees
      may be difficult to justify. Varying rates of success on this measure have been
      reported. Subjects have generally been able to control drinking in the long term,
      but it is suggested that their control erodes over time. A second measure of the
      success of OAPs has been work performance, as revealed by absenteeism,
      disciplinary actions, accidents, sick and injured days taken, turnover rate and
      job efficiency. Studies of this measure have been hindered by employers' poor
      record keeping and by the difficulty of developing standard measures of outcome
      success. In general, studies with weaker research designs have shown more
      improvement on this measure. A third measure has been the cost efficiency of
      OAPs, as revealed by direct savings for employers resulting from OAPs such as
      decreases in absenteeism and indirect savings such as increased accuracy of work.
      This measure seems to be the one most relevant to employers' profit motives.
      Studies of cost efficiency have had ambiguous findings. A fourth measure has been
      the penetration rate--the extent to which an OAP reaches its target population.
      This measure has never been studied successfully. A problem with all the studies
      reviewed has been their poor design (a lack of control groups, follow-up periods
      that were too brief and problems with selection of subjects), which raises
      serious questions about their validity. The obstacles to measuring outcome
      success were also discussed--poor documentation by employers, lack of access to
      subjects and reluctance on the part of employers and treatment staff to allow
      studies.

PMID- 6422166
TI  - Bovine serum albumin-GABA-His-Pro-NH2: an immunogen for production of higher
      affinity antisera for TRH.
AB  - Dissatisfaction with current methods for the production of immunogens for raising
      antisera to TRH stimulated us to synthesize the hapten, GABA-His-Pro-NH2.
      Coupling of this hapten to bovine serum albumin at a molar ratio of 18:1 by means
      of a water-soluble carbodiimide produced an immunogen which stimulated the rapid
      production in New Zealand white rabbits of antisera with an affinity (2.42 +/-
      0.3 X 10(9) l/mol) for TRH, some 8-fold higher than that of antisera (0.33 +/-
      0.03 X 10(9) l/mol) raised by immunization with a conjugate produced by the
      currently accepted bis-diazotized-benzidine bridging technique. These higher
      affinity antibodies when used in a standard TRH radioimmunoassay permitted the
      detection of less than 1/pg of TRH per assay tube and showed an extremely low
      affinity for the two major metabolites of TRH, p-Glu-His-Pro-COOH and His-Pro
      diketopiperazine (Ka 4.84 X 10(4) and 4.0 X 10(4) l/mol, respectively).
      Application of this newer radioimmunoassay to the measurement of TRH in brain
      tissue yielded measurements of TRH content similar to those determined by current
      RIA methods. Chromatography of whole crude brain extracts revealed one major
      immunoreactive peak corresponding to authentic TRH. We conclude that immunization
      of rabbits with this hapten rapidly produces antisera with a high affinity for
      TRH suitable for the development of a very sensitive TRH radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6422167
TI  - Pseudothrombocytopenia: a laboratory artifact with potentially serious
      consequences.
AB  - When a low platelet count is unexpected or is unaccompanied by signs or symptoms
      of hemorrhage, pseudothrombocytopenia should be suspected. The platelet number
      and morphologic features should be examined on a smear prepared from blood
      anticoagulated with EDTA. Platelet counts should be repeated either by obtaining
      a finger-stock specimen with an ammonium oxalate Unopette and counting by phase
      microscopy or by collecting both an EDTA- and a sodium citrate-anticoagulated
      venous sample, performing a platelet count on both test tubes, and examining a
      blood smear from each test tube. If a Coulter Model S Plus IV or V or the
      Technicon H6000 is used for performance of platelet counts, examination of the
      histogram display of the Coulter instrument or the peroxidase X-Y display of the
      Technicon H6000 should alert the instrument operator to the presence of EDTA
      induced platelet clumping and prevent the reporting of a spuriously low platelet
      count.

PMID- 6422168
TI  - Does practice make perfect? Part II: The relation between volume and outcomes and
      other hospital characteristics.
AB  - The effect of a greater volume of patients with similar conditions being treated
      at a hospital on the outcomes achieved is investigated for almost 500,000
      selected surgical and medical patients treated in over 1,200 nonfederal United
      States hospitals. In Part I the authors found strong and consistent evidence for
      surgical patients that high volume is associated with better outcome; evidence
      for medical patients was mixed. In this paper the authors include other hospital
      variables related both to volume and outcome--hospital size, teaching status, and
      expenditures--to determine whether they mask the true relationship; still, strong
      and consistent evidence that greater volume produces better outcome was found for
      both surgical and medical patients. This relation was significant for low-,
      medium-, and high-risk patients. Among the hospital variations added, only size
      was consistently and strongly related to outcome; greater size was associated
      with poorer outcome after accounting for volume. The potential importance of the
      findings for reducing deaths and days in hospital on a national level is
      discussed. The evidence is strongly supportive of the need for policies that
      would promote greater regionalization of a given service, and not greater size,
      to obtain better quality outcome for patients treated.

PMID- 6422169
TI  - Length-of-stay variations within ICDA-8 diagnosis-related groups.
AB  - The number of bed days per inpatient episode, the length of stay (LOS), is a
      major indicator of hospital performance and a basic measure of patients' resource
      consumption. Hospital reimbursement on the basis of treated cases requires a
      system for accurately identifying case categories. Diagnosis Related Groups
      (DRGs) have been proposed for this purpose. An initial study to analyze
      variations in length of stay and resource consumption within DRGs is presented.
      Regression analysis of variation in ALOS for 7 DRGs, in terms of 8-10 independent
      variables not included in the classification scheme itself, was done. Results
      indicate that 30-65% of the large intra-DRG LOS variations are explainable by
      indicators of case complexity and severity despite the homogeneity claimed for
      the DRGs. For certain DRGs, such variations are also related to admission
      factors. Results indicate the need for more precise patient taxonomies than the
      ICDA-8-based DRGs.

PMID- 6422170
TI  - Patterns of expenditures among high utilizers of medical care services. The
      experience of Medicare beneficiaries from 1974 to 1977.
AB  - The authors of this study examine temporal patterns of medical expenditures by
      Medicare beneficiaries. A random sample of 204,917 individuals who were alive and
      in the program from 1974 to 1977 was investigated. Individuals hospitalized in
      1974 were found to have twice the rate of hospitalization in 1975, 1976, or 1977
      compared with individuals who were not hospitalized in 1974. The increased rate
      of hospitalization remained constant throughout the 3 years. Individuals with
      large medical expenditures in 1974 were 20 times more likely to have large
      medical expenditures the following year, and this rate declined slowly in the
      following 2 years. The results suggest that the value of a Medicare voucher or
      the level of Medicare's payment to health maintenance organizations should
      include an adjustment factor for prior health care utilization. The results also
      suggest that multiyear limits on total Medicare coinsurance and deductible
      payments would be more equitable than single-year limits.

PMID- 6422171
TI  - Laboratory methods for ten hepatic toxification/detoxification parameters.
AB  - This article is a summary of laboratory methods for the hepatic drug metabolizing
      enzymes which are reliable, sensitive, and reasonably straightforward to perform.
      Assay conditions are given for which the enzyme rate determinations are linear
      with respect to time and protein concentration for hepatic tissue preparations
      from Charles River Sprague Dawley CD male rats. In selecting these particular
      assay methods, factors such as disposal of radioactive wastes, safety of
      laboratory personnel, and cost of required equipment were considered. Thus 9 of
      the 10 hepatic parameters utilize simple spectrophotometric techniques; the
      remaining assay (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) requires a
      spectrophotofluorometer. The hepatic toxification/detoxification assays are
      cytochrome P-450 and reduced glutathione content, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase,
      aminopyrine N-demethylase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, glutathione S
      transferase (3 substrates) and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (2 substrates).

PMID- 6422172
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of isoenzymes of monkey brain monoamine oxidase.
AB  - The multiple forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in monkey brain were investigated
      using an electrofocusing technique. When beta-phenylethylamine (beta-PEA) was
      used as substrate, two peaks (peak I and peak II) could be clearly distinguished
      from the profile; the isoelectric point (pI) values were near 7.8 and 6.3,
      respectively. When serotonin (5-HT) was used, MAO activity was observed in peak I
      enzyme. The peak I enzyme with a pI value of 7.8 contains AB-form MAO and
      oxidizes 5-HT and beta-PEA, while peak II enzyme with a pI value of 6.3 contains
      B-form MAO and oxidizes beta-PEA, respectively. However, when peak II enzyme was
      incubated in a pH 8.8 reaction medium, MAO activity toward 5-HT in peak II enzyme
      was seen.

PMID- 6422173
TI  - Participation of mast cell 5-hydroxytryptamine in the vasoconstrictor effect of
      neurotensin in the rat perfused hindquarter.
AB  - Neurotensin (NT) (1 X 10(-8) - 1.5 X 10(-6) g ml-1) caused a transient, dose
      dependent increase in perfusion pressure in the rat perfused hindquarter. The
      vasoconstrictor effect of NT was associated with a short-lived, dose-dependent
      release of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hindquarter effluent.
      Compound 48/80, a classical mast cell secretagogue, also elicited a
      vasoconstrictor effect in, and release of histamine from, the rat hindquarter.
      The vasoconstrictor effect and the release of histamine and 5-HT evoked by NT
      were much smaller in hindquarters derived from rats pretreated with compound
      48/80 for 4 days to cause mast cell depletion than in hindquarters derived from
      control rats. The mast cell inhibitor cromoglycate (4 mg ml-1) inhibited by about
      50% the histamine releasing effect and vasoconstriction produced by the lowest
      concentrations of NT utilized. The histamine releasing effect of compound 48/80
      was more sensitive to blockade by cromoglycate than that of NT. The steroidal
      antiinflammatory and antiallergic drug dexamethasone did not affect the histamine
      and 5-HT releasing effect of NT. The vasoconstrictor effects of NT, compound
      48/80 and 5-HT were markedly reduced by the 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide
      (1 X 10(-7) g ml-1). Histamine (1 X 10(-6) - 10(-4) g ml-1) evoked a decrease in
      perfusion pressure in hindquarters pre-exposed to noradrenaline. The results
      suggest the participation of mast cell 5-HT in the vasoconstrictor effect of NT
      in the rat perfused hindquarter.

PMID- 6422174
TI  - Stimulation of presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors by 4-(2-di-n-propylaminoethyl)
      indole (DPAI).
AB  - The dopaminergic activity of 4-(2-di-n-propylaminoethyl)indole (DPAI) was
      investigated. In animal models for postsynaptic dopaminergic activity DPAI showed
      only very weak or no effects. In rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions
      of the nigrostriatal tract, very weak contralateral turning behavior was induced
      in 4/6 rats. DPAI did not induce stereotyped behavior but caused a pronounced
      reduction in locomotor activity. In male rats pretreated with reserpine, DPAI
      lowered serum prolactin levels. Levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) were monitored
      in the striatum of the chloral hydrate anesthetized rat by means of in vivo
      voltammetry. DPAI administration reduced the faradaic peak corresponding to HVA.
      In rats pretreated with the decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD-1015, DPAI blocked the
      accumulation of dopa in response to gamma-butyrolactone. The results of this
      study indicate that DPAI possesses a high degree of selectivity for presynaptic
      dopamine autoreceptors, and little or no effect on postsynaptic dopamine
      receptors.

PMID- 6422175
TI  - RO5-4864 inhibits the binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to rat
      brain membranes.
AB  - RO5-4864, a 1,4-benzodiazepine, has recently been shown to possess
      anticonvulsant, convulsant and anxiogenic properties and to inhibit Ca++
      calmodulin-stimulated membrane phosphorylation. RO5-4864 inhibited the binding of
      [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPT) to cerebral cortex, cerebellar and
      hippocampus membranes, with an IC50 value of approximately 20 microM. TBPT binds
      apparently to the picrotoxinin site of the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-ionophore
      complex and appears to be a site of action for several classes of convulsant,
      depressant and anxiolytic drugs that modulate GABAergic transmission. RO5-4864
      inhibited [35S] TBPT binding in cerebral cortex, apparently competitively.
      Antagonists of GABA and central benzodiazepine sites did not interfere with the
      ability of RO5-4864 to inhibit [35S] TBPT binding. The properties of RO5-4864 to
      inhibit TBPT binding are similar to other convulsants and GABA antagonists
      (except bicuculline) which inhibit TBPT binding. These results suggest that RO5
      4864 interacts with the TBPT binding sites of the oligomeric GABA receptor
      complex.

PMID- 6422176
TI  - Pharmacology of free radicals; recent views on their relation to inflammatory
      mechanisms.
AB  - Production of free radicals from molecular oxygen during the inflammatory process
      can exhibit beneficial effects against the phlogistic stimulus and may act as a
      defence mechanism. Nevertheless, in many cases this production is associated with
      toxic reactions related to inflammatory response. Many compounds including bovine
      superoxide dismutase, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, radical scavengers
      (e.g. acetaminophen), corticoids etc., have been shown to counteract this
      phenomenon. Their beneficial effects and mechanism of action are reviewed.

PMID- 6422177
TI  - Effects of the selective noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 on cerebellar Purkinje
      neuron electrophysiology.
AB  - The effect of the adrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 on cerebellar electrophysiology was
      studied in the rat. DSP4, administered parenterally, depleted cerebellar
      norepinephrine by 76%. The depressant response of cerebellar Purkinje neurons to
      phencyclidine, a drug which acts on adrenergic presynaptic terminals to release
      NE, was markedly reduced after DSP4 pretreatment. In contrast with 6OHDA, which
      increased firing rates of the Purkinje cells, DSP4 did not change the rate or
      pattern of Purkinje cell discharge. Taken together these results suggest that
      DSP4 may be a valuable tool for studying central adrenergic pathways, but that
      this drug has properties which differ from 6OHDA.

PMID- 6422178
TI  - Effect of methamphetamine on the locomotor activity in the 6-OHDA dorsal
      hippocampus lesioned rat.
AB  - The present studies were carried out to examine a possible role of hippocampal
      dopamine in the hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine. For this purpose, 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the dorsal hippocampus (D-HPC) was made in
      desmethylimipramine pretreated rats in order to specifically destroy dopamine
      neurons. D-HPC lesions produced a large (96%) and selective depletion of content
      of dopamine in the D-HPC. This lesion did not change spontaneous locomotion and
      rearing behavior. The 6-OHDA lesioned rat produced a blockade of the increase in
      locomotor activity induced by 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg of methamphetamine. In contrast,
      the 6-OHDA lesion of the D-HPC failed to influence the methamphetamine-induced
      rearing activity. These results indicate that dopamine neurons in the D-HPC may
      have some role in methamphetamine-induced locomotion, but not in methamphetamine
      induced rearing.

PMID- 6422179
TI  - Naloxone does not affect ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in
      rats.
AB  - Ventilatory responses (tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and minute
      ventilation) to steady-state hypoxia and steady-state hypercapnia were measured
      plethysmographically in awake unrestrained adult rats, before and after
      subcutaneous injection of placebo (saline) naloxone in doses up to 5.0 mg/kg.
      Naloxone did not alter the ventilatory responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia.

PMID- 6422180
TI  - Simultaneous infection with non-A, non-B and B viruses in a patient exhibiting
      different histologic patterns of acute hepatitis.
AB  - We present the case of an elderly female patient who developed acute and severe
      hepatitis with two distinct peaks following blood transfusion. The serological
      markers and histopathology during the first attack were characteristic for
      hepatitis non-A, non-B(NANBH), whereas the second peak was due to hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) infection. Electron microscopy revealed morphologic equivalents for
      both hepatitis agents.

PMID- 6422181
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis in Lebanon: evidence for a HAV-like non-A non-B hepatitis.
AB  - Ninety-three cases of acute viral hepatitis in adult Lebanese patients were
      followed-up prospectively for a period ranging from 6 to 18 months. These
      included 33 hepatitis A (HAV), 32 hepatitis B (HBV) and 21 non-A, non-B hepatitis
      (NANB) cases. The clinical and seroepidemiologic characteristics of the three
      types were evaluated. HAV was characterized by a short prodroma (less than 1
      week) and a high IgM level. HBV did not differ from similar cases reported in the
      Western world except for a complete absence of male homosexuals and drug addicts
      as a possible route of transmission. NANB hepatitis in Lebanon is mainly a
      sporadic infection similar to HAV except that the prodromal phase is prolonged
      (greater than 14 days) and IgM levels are within normal limits. The failure to
      develop chronicity in NANB suggests that the virus of sporadic NANB may be
      different from that which causes post-transfusional (PTH) NANB.

PMID- 6422182
TI  - MCN keys to research. The family as a unit of measurement.

PMID- 6422183
TI  - Diagnosing and treating otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 6422184
TI  - The prenatal use of RhO(D) immune globulin.

PMID- 6422185
TI  - Taking another look at failure to thrive.

PMID- 6422187
TI  - Does a mother's knowledge of fetal gender affect attachment?

PMID- 6422186
TI  - Mothers' attitudes regarding health care for their children.

PMID- 6422188
TI  - In-hospital alternative birth centers: where do we go from here?

PMID- 6422189
TI  - Captopril for severe neonatal hypertension.

PMID- 6422190
TI  - Paternalism in pediatric care.

PMID- 6422192
TI  - First-time fathers: a preliminary study.

PMID- 6422191
TI  - Biphasic oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6422193
TI  - Nutrition screening for preterm and term infants.

PMID- 6422194
TI  - Assessing early father-infant attachment.

PMID- 6422196
TI  - Pregnant and physically fit, too.

PMID- 6422195
TI  - Special feature: child abuse. Part I: An interdisciplinary approach to preventing
      child abuse. Part II: Intensive services help prevent child abuse.

PMID- 6422197
TI  - Childhood brain tumors: a special nursing challenge.

PMID- 6422198
TI  - Mother-baby units: the concept works.

PMID- 6422199
TI  - Acquainting a new mother with her less-than-perfect baby.

PMID- 6422201
TI  - MCN keys to research. Commonly understood outcomes.

PMID- 6422200
TI  - The practicing nurse and conceptual frameworks.

PMID- 6422202
TI  - [The problem of direct FT4-determination in serum. Comparison of methods in
      changed binding behavior during pregnancy].

PMID- 6422203
TI  - Strategies for the preparation of haptens for conjugation and substrates for
      iodination for use in radioimmunoassay of small oligopeptides.

PMID- 6422204
TI  - Preparation and use of specific antibodies for immunohistochemistry of
      neuropeptides.

PMID- 6422205
TI  - Intracellular membrane traffic: pathways, carriers, and sorting devices.
AB  - Multiple pathways of intracellular membrane traffic have been detected in various
      cell types. The major established routes are (a) the exocytosis pathway, utilized
      in secretory cells for the discharge of secretory products, and which is also
      believed to be used for delivery of intrinsic membrane glycoproteins in all cell
      types; (b) the plasmalemma to Golgi route, also highly developed in secretory
      cells, which is believed to be utilized for the recovery and recycling of the
      membranes of containers used in packaging of secretory products (i.e., secretory
      granules or vesicles); (c) the lysosomal pathway, which is available in all cells
      but is the major route utilized in phagocytic cells; (d) the transcellular route,
      which represents the major type of traffic encountered in nonfenestrated,
      capillary endothelial cells and also appears to be the preferred route for the
      transport of immunoglobulins (intact) across cells; and (e) the biosynthetic
      pathways used for transport of secretory products, lysosomal enzymes, and
      membrane proteins from the ER to the Golgi complex and for transport of lysosomal
      enzymes from the Golgi complex to lysosomes in all cell types. It has become
      clear that cells repeatedly reutilize or recycle the vesicular membranes involved
      in carrying out these various transport operations. Clathrin-coated vesicles have
      been found to be involved in transport along all the routes detected so far,
      suggesting that there are multiple populations of coated vesicles with different
      transport functions in every cell. It has become clear that considerable sorting
      of membrane constituents and ligands takes place at the plasmalemma (receptor
      mediated uptake), in the Golgi complex, and in endosomes. The Golgi complex is
      the intracellular site where much of the biosynthetic and recycling membrane
      traffic converges and where products are sorted and directed to their correct
      destinations. In summary, we have become aware of the existence of multiple
      pathways of membrane traffic and of the extensive reutilization or recycling of
      membranes that occurs in cells. The basic pathways are similar in all cells
      except that some are emphasized or deemphasized according to the predominant
      function and organization of a given cell type. What now remains to be done is to
      determine how these transporting membranes and the membranes of the receiving
      compartments are constructed, how their specific interactions are controlled, and
      how individual cell types utilize these pathways to carry out their specific
      functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6422206
TI  - Dissociation and reassociation of clathrin.

PMID- 6422207
TI  - Preparation of antibodies to clathrin and use in cytochemical localization.

PMID- 6422209
TI  - Strategies for survival under the new DRGs.

PMID- 6422208
TI  - Labeling of plasma membrane glycoconjugates by terminal glycosylation
      (galactosyltransferase and glycosidase).

PMID- 6422210
TI  - [Correlations in the utilization of carbon sources in the range of griseus
      species of the genus Streptomyces].
AB  - The author proposes a new scheme for arranging the data about the assimilation of
      carbon sources in tables; this is illustrated with the Griseus species belonging
      to the Streptomyces genus and with the information about them presented by Bergey
      [2]. In the scheme, carbon sources in the tables are arranged in the order of
      their diminishing availability for streptomycetes, and the lists of species
      within the morphological groups are constructed according to the property of a
      carbon source not being assimilated. Such an arrangement of data in the tables is
      very clear and convenient to use; it allows one to make optimal schemes for
      determining the assimilation of carbon sources by actinomycetes, and makes it
      easy to divide any large number of cultures into groups according to a similar
      assimilation of carbon sources. The scheme has been used to analyse the data
      available in science and to establish correlations in the assimilation of carbon
      sources by species of the Griseus series belonging to the Streptomyces genus.

PMID- 6422211
TI  - [Resistance of mesospheric microorganisms to periodic freezing--thawing].
AB  - The object of this work was to study cytological changes caused by periodic
      freezing-thawing in the conidia of the fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium
      chrysogenum isolated from the mesosphere as well as in the conidia of the same
      species taken from the collection of microorganisms. The conidia from the
      mesosphere were found to be highly resistant to the treatment. As was shown by
      electron microscopy, the outer "backbone" layer of the spore envelope broke down
      and the membranes of the plasmalemma stratified after ten cycles in A. niger and
      P. chrysogenum. The percentage of conidia with the damaged ultrastructural
      organization was higher in mutants of these cultures.

PMID- 6422212
TI  - [The causes of hospital infections in the Medical School Hospital of Cumhuriyet
      University].
AB  - Samples taken from the clinics were bacteriologically examined in order to find
      out the incidence of the hospital infections. During the winter, at the control
      of atmospheric flora in the clinics was isolated S. aureus (58.21%), S. albus
      (16.67%), E. coli (16.92%), Diphtheroid bacillus (6.22%), Streptococcus spp
      (5.3%), Neisseria (1.66%), Bacillus subtilis (0.19%), Fungus (0.77%). Also in the
      summer it was isolated as following bacteria; S. albus (55.1%), S. aureus
      (17.9%), E. coli (10.5%), Streptococcus spp (9.6%), Neisseria (5.12%), Fungus
      (1.49%), Bacillus subtilis (0.07%). 33.3% dirty result was found from the air of
      surgery. When the control of disinfectants and sterile instruments it was
      isolated bacteria mostly responsible from hospital infectants as Ps. aeruginosa
      Staphylococcus spp, E. coli ext.

PMID- 6422213
TI  - Altered arachidonic acid synthesis and lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus:
      possible roles in leukocyte dysfunction and other cellular defects.
AB  - Hyperglycemic diabetics are prone to unusual or especially severe infections; at
      the cellular level, diabetic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) show defects in
      several antimicrobial functions. However, the basis for these defects is unknown,
      and they may not be fully ascribable to hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia or
      acidosis alone. Recently, it has been shown that several important PMN functions
      may be mediated (at least in part) by metabolites of arachidonic acid synthesized
      via the lipoxygenase pathway, especially arachidonate hydroperoxides and
      leukotriene (LT) B4. We speculate that synthesis of these mediators may be
      deficient in severely hyperglycemic diabetics (fasting plasma glucose greater
      than 250-300 mg/dl) due to deficiencies of substrate (arachidonic acid) synthesis
      and release. Such defects might be expected since, in animal studies, severe
      insulin lack and glucagon excess inhibit the desaturation of precursor fatty
      acids to arachidonic acid. On the other hand, whereas low levels of lipid
      peroxides or their derivatives may be required in certain cells for normal
      function, excessive levels of such compounds also are detrimental to cellular
      function and could play a role as well in the complications of milder or
      partially treated diabetics who manifest high basal insulin levels. For example,
      cells which may be particularly sensitive to an excess of peroxides include islet
      beta cells, PMNs and possibly vascular endothelial cells (all of which appear to
      be deficient in glutathione peroxidase). These observations suggest a role for
      accumulation of lipid peroxides in the impaired insulin secretion, defective PMN
      function and possibly endothelial death and increased vascular (retinal,
      endothelial, and renal) permeability of some milder diabetics. The available data
      are compatible with the speculation that in partially treated or lesser degrees
      of hyperglycemia, increased arachidonate synthesis and excessive lipid
      peroxidation may be present. Although it remains to be established that all of
      the results from experimentally-induced diabetics can be extrapolated to humans,
      these findings suggest that the cell damage attendant upon peroxide generation
      might be susceptible to prophylactic treatment with anti-oxidants such as alpha
      tocopherol or ascorbic acid. In the more severe or later stages of hyperglycemia,
      a deficiency of lipoxygenase-derived products may supervene; dietary
      modifications designed to increase essential fatty acid availability might
      present a unique ancillary therapeutic approach at this stage of diabetes.

PMID- 6422214
TI  - Instrumentation for urologic laser surgery.
AB  - Carbon dioxide, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet, ruby, and argon lasers are the
      only commercially available lasers with wavelengths suitable for laser surgery.
      Consequently, researchers have attempted to make the tool fit the clinical need.
      A pediatric #6 bronchoscope was fitted to a carbon dioxide laser endoscopic
      coupler to form a modified cystoscopic laser delivery system. This instrument was
      able to vaporize small condylomata of the distal male urethra. However, the
      restricted visibility of this crude adaptation represents an inferior solution
      compared with the endless possibilities of sophisticated fiberoptic technology.
      Future prospects in infrared optical fiber technology portend a breakthrough for
      transurethral carbon dioxide laser surgery. Adapting the Nd:YAG laser for
      urologic surgery is attractive because it can be easily incorporated into
      conventional cystoscopes. The argon laser's capacity to absorb blood and traverse
      water suggests future importance for transurethral surgery. Investigation is
      needed to develop a surgical laser adaptable to both open and transurethral
      urologic surgery.

PMID- 6422215
TI  - Lasers in gynecology.
AB  - Lasers are used in gynecology for excising lesions of the cervix, vagina, and
      vulva. The carbon dioxide laser is most commonly used, offering precision,
      minimal blood loss, and prevention of strictures. Preoperative diagnostic
      evaluation and visualization of the lesion is essential. Endoscopic use of the
      neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser through the hysteroscope for excessive
      uterine bleeding, and laparoscopic use of the CO2 laser for ablation of
      endometriosis and associated adhesions have been successful. Photoradiation with
      an argon tunable dye laser has been used to destroy cancer cells containing a
      hematoporphyrin derivative. Because special skills are required in laser use,
      criteria establishing qualifications of users have been developed and are
      recommended for use.

PMID- 6422216
TI  - Gonorrhoea in a Sydney house of prostitution.
AB  - Seventy prostitutes were screened at their place of work, a Sydney house of
      prostitution, on a weekly basis over one year. Of these, 10% acquired new
      infections with gonorrhoea each week (53 episodes). Clinical guidelines
      (symptoms, contact history, physical signs) were found to be unreliable, in this
      context, for predicting the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of the 39 women
      observed over one month or more, 17 (44%) acquired gonorrhoea within the first
      month. Stability of the place of work appeared to be associated with a lower
      isolation rate (5.5%). Five asymptomatic, urethrally infected men (two clients,
      three boyfriends/husbands) were detected, and appeared to have an important role
      in the hyperendemicity of gonorrhoea in this environment.

PMID- 6422217
TI  - Sodium valproate and tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 6422218
TI  - Colo-rectal test for occult blood.

PMID- 6422219
TI  - Cystathioninuria in patients with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Urinary excretion of cystathionine and dopa metabolites was analyzed in 61
      patients with active neuroblastoma before, and at regular intervals during
      treatment. Thirty-seven patients with clinical evidence of active neuroblastoma
      excreted elevated levels of cystathionine before treatment was initiated; six
      other patients showed cystathioninuria at some time during treatment with chemo-
      or radiotherapy. The cause of the cystathioninuria remains unidentified. No
      relationship between excessive cystathionine excretion and liver impairment or
      liver metastases was established; nor was there evidence to support a consistent
      correlation with the ratio of the sum of the excretion values for vanilglycolic
      acid and vanilglycol to the excretion of vanilacetic acid. Our results indicate
      that absence of cystathioninuria correlates with an early clinical staging and
      thus with a favorable prognosis. Isolated cystathioninuria does occasionally
      occur in patients with neuroblastoma, permitting a presumptive diagnosis until
      later evidence can be obtained. Determination of cystathionine excretion is
      essential for an extensive biochemical evaluation of patients with neuroblastoma.

PMID- 6422220
TI  - Correlation of gonadal function with histology of testicular biopsies at
      treatment discontinuation in childhood acute leukemia.
AB  - Testicular open-wedge biopsy was performed in 35 children in complete remission
      from acute lymphoblastic leukemia without clinical signs of leukemic testicular
      infiltration at the time of treatment discontinuation. Histological investigation
      showed thickening of the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules in 13 of 35
      patients. In 5 of 35 patients, the tubular fertility index was markedly reduced;
      in 5 of 6 pubertal patients, decreased spermatogenesis or aplasia of germinal
      epithelium was observed. Histologic damage was found mainly in the germinal cells
      both in patients treated with cytosine arabinoside and cyclophosphamide and in
      those treated with antiblastic drugs not considered damaging to the gonads. The
      extent of impairment was independent of age at start of treatment. On the other
      hand, endocrinological investigation carried out at the crucial moment of
      treatment suspension showed normal hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function as
      well as normal anthropometric data, bone age, and pubertal stage in the majority
      of patients. Testicular leukemia was found in only one patient (2.8%) whereas
      three children with negative testicular biopsies had testicular relapses within 7
      months. Therefore, in view of the limits of light microscopy in diagnosing
      leukemic infiltration at treatment discontinuation, we propose the use of more
      sophisticated techniques, possibly within 6 months of suspension of therapy.

PMID- 6422221
TI  - A differential method for inhomogeneity correction on dose in a photon beam.
AB  - For a uniform slab of inhomogeneity in a supervoltage beam, correction factors
      can be calculated from the Batho equation. In this report, we present a method
      for calculating the effect of an annular inhomogeneity, concentric about the beam
      axis, upon the dose at a point on the axis and below the annulus. A derivation of
      the equation required in the calculation for supervoltage radiation is given.
      Results from measurements made in 60Co beams for polystyrene foam, cedar, and
      aluminum annuli, all having 3.0 x 2.0 cm2 in cross section but with different
      inside diameters, are compared with correction values calculated by the method.
      For situations where the annulus is just submerged in the phantom, measured and
      calculated values are in good agreement. For a general situation, two calculation
      types are proposed and the data show that in general the measured scatter
      perturbation lies between the calculated values of the two types. Application of
      our technique predicts a sign reversal in the scatter perturbation due to an
      inhomogeneity. This reversal has previously been observed and reported and is
      also demonstrated in our measurements.

PMID- 6422222
TI  - Increased neutron penetration in partially deuterated water: application to
      neutron capture therapy.
AB  - Theoretically, partial deuteration of body water should allow significantly
      increased neutron penetration in tissue. To evaluate the possible usefulness of
      partially deuterated water in neutron capture therapy (NCT), neutron flux density
      distributions were measured in a 23 x 16.5 cm (length x diameter) cylinder for
      incident thermal and epithermal neutron beams, at 20 and 40 at. % deuteration of
      water. Relative to neutron flux densities in nondeuterated water, flux densities
      increased significantly with increasing depth and increasing levels of
      deuteration. For example, at a depth of 6 cm, flux density was increased
      approximately 20% to 50% for 20 to 40 at. % deuteration. In a clinical situation,
      this would increase tumor dose by approximately 30%. Further benefits include the
      reduced hydrogen neutron capture and the chemical radioprotective effects of
      partial deuteration for photon radiation.

PMID- 6422223
TI  - Transition metal-chelate complexes as relaxation modifiers in nuclear magnetic
      resonance.
AB  - Studies are reported of relaxation modifiers for use in nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) imaging systems. Chelate complexes of transition metal salts are
      under investigation to determine their ability to reduce the spin-lattice
      relaxation time (T1) of the nucleus under observation and to reduce the toxicity
      of the metal ion. The ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) complexes of FeCl3,
      GdCl3, and MnCl2 are not as effective as the respective salts in reducing T1 of
      water protons at 90 MHz. For Mn, this diminution in ability is offset by a
      significant reduction in toxicity. Explanations for this loss of effectiveness
      are discussed.

PMID- 6422224
TI  - Concerning comparisons of electron beam absorbed dose measurements in water and
      polystyrene.

PMID- 6422225
TI  - Viral hemorrhagic fever: initial management of suspected and confirmed cases.

PMID- 6422226
TI  - Poisoning among young children--United States.

PMID- 6422227
TI  - Influenza activity--Mississippi, United States, worldwide.

PMID- 6422228
TI  - Pet-turtle-associated salmonellosis--Puerto Rico.

PMID- 6422229
TI  - Winter plague--Colorado, Washington, Texas, 1983-1984.

PMID- 6422230
TI  - Racial and educational factors associated with breast-feeding--United States,
      1969 and 1980.

PMID- 6422231
TI  - Update: respiratory virus surveillance--United States, 1984.

PMID- 6422232
TI  - Selenium intoxication--New York.

PMID- 6422233
TI  - Disseminated gonococcal infections and meningitis--Pennsylvania.

PMID- 6422234
TI  - Infant botulism--Massachusetts.

PMID- 6422235
TI  - Update: influenza activity--United States.

PMID- 6422236
TI  - Supplementary statement of contraindications to receipt of pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 6422237
TI  - Isotretinoin--a newly recognized human teratogen.

PMID- 6422238
TI  - Poisoning from elderberry juice--California.

PMID- 6422239
TI  - Update: styrene, dioxin, and 1,3-butadiene in the workplace.

PMID- 6422240
TI  - Prospective evaluation of health-care workers exposed via parenteral or mucous
      membrane routes to blood and body fluids of patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6422241
TI  - Severe neutropenia during pentamidine treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
      in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--New York City.

PMID- 6422242
TI  - Lung cancer among women--Canada.

PMID- 6422243
TI  - Fulminant hepatitis B among parenteral drug abusers--Kentucky, California.

PMID- 6422244
TI  - Tuberculosis--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6422245
TI  - Update: influenza activity--United States.

PMID- 6422246
TI  - Update: respiratory virus surveillance--United States, 1984.

PMID- 6422247
TI  - Chronic inhalation exposure to coal dust and/or diesel exhaust: effects on the
      alveolar macrophages of rats.

PMID- 6422248
TI  - Update: influenza activity--United States.

PMID- 6422249
TI  - Varicella-zoster immune globulin distribution--United States and other countries,
      1981-1983.

PMID- 6422250
TI  - Varicella-zoster immune globulin for the prevention of chickenpox.

PMID- 6422251
TI  - Measles--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6422253
TI  - Update: influenza activity--United States.

PMID- 6422252
TI  - Porphyria cutanea tarda and sarcoma in a worker exposed to 2, 3, 7, 8
      tetrachlorodibenzodioxin--Missouri.

PMID- 6422254
TI  - Update: treatment of cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 6422255
TI  - Leading work-related diseases and injuries--United States.

PMID- 6422256
TI  - Tissue heterogeneity of calcium channel antagonist binding sites labeled by
      [3H]nitrendipine.
AB  - Calcium channel antagonist binding sites have been labeled in cerebral cortex,
      heart, ileum, and skeletal muscle with [3H]nitrendipine. While the dissociation
      constants of the site from cortex, heart, and ileum are similar, KD approximately
      equal to 0.1-0.2 nM, the value in skeletal muscle is 2 nM. This difference is
      affinity is also reflected in the Ki values of dihydropyridine calcium channel
      antagonists, nifedipine, nimodipine, PY108068, SKF24260, and nisoldipine, and the
      calcium channel agonist CGP 28392, all of which show lower affinity for the
      skeletal muscle binding site. The diphenylalkylamine calcium channel antagonists,
      lidoflazine, cinnarizine, flunarizine, and prenylamine, however, show a 3- to 10
      fold increase in affinity in skeletal muscle relative to the other three tissues.
      EDTA treatment of membranes decreases binding in cortex, heart, and ileum but
      increases binding in skeletal muscle. These changes are reversible upon addition
      of CaCl2, SrCl2, or BaCl2. The different properties of [3H]nitrendipine binding
      in various tissues may relate to the varying tissue sensitivity to organic
      calcium channel antagonists.

PMID- 6422257
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesizes proteins related to the p21 gene product of
      ras genes found in mammals.
AB  - A family of normal vertebrate genes and oncogenes has been called the ras gene
      family. The name ras was assigned to this gene family based on the species of
      origin of the viral oncogenes of the rat-derived Harvey and Kirsten murine
      sarcoma viruses. There are now three known functional members of the ras gene
      family, and genes homologous to ras genes have been detected in the DNA of a wide
      variety of mammals and in Drosophila melanogaster. Prior experiments have
      detected proteins coded for by ras genes in a large number of normal cells, cell
      lines, and tumors. We report here the detection of ras-related proteins in D.
      melanogaster, a result predicted by the earlier detection of ras-related genes in
      the Drosophila genome. We also report for the first time the detection of ras
      related proteins in a single-cell eucaryocyte, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These
      proteins, approximately 30K in size, are recognized by both a monoclonal antibody
      which binds to the p21 coded for by mammalian ras genes and a polyclonal rat
      serum made by transplanting a v-Ha-ras-induced tumor in Osborne-Mendel rats. The
      p21 of v-Ha-ras and the 30K proteins from S. cerevisiae share methionine-labeled
      peptides as detected by two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps. The results
      indicate that S. cerevisiae synthesizes ras-related proteins. A genetic analysis
      of the function of these proteins for yeast cells may now be possible.

PMID- 6422258
TI  - Correlation of gene expression and transformation frequency with the presence of
      an enhancing sequence in the transforming DNA.
AB  - The transformation frequency of cultured mammalian cells is increased 10- to 100
      fold when certain DNA sequences are present in the transforming DNA. We wanted to
      determine whether enhancers, which stimulate gene expression, can cause this
      phenomenon. Three plasmids, each containing a galactokinase K (galK) gene, were
      used to transform galK- Chinese hamster cells. One plasmid has no enhancer,
      another has the simian virus 40 (72-base-pair repeat) enhancer, and the third has
      the Harvey sarcoma virus (73-base-pair repeat) enhancer. The presence of either
      enhancer significantly increased the appearance of GalK+ colonies. Galactokinase
      transient assays in this Chinese hamster strain in the presence of the same
      plasmids demonstrated an increase in GalK enzyme levels when either enhancer was
      present. These data indicate that there is a strong correlation between galK
      expression and transformation frequency that is dependent on the presence of an
      enhancer in the transforming DNA.

PMID- 6422259
TI  - [Testicular cancer].

PMID- 6422260
TI  - [Chemotherapy of non-seminoma testicular cancer. Chances of recovery in a
      metastasizing malignant tumor].

PMID- 6422261
TI  - [Use of radiotherapy in malignant testicular tumors].

PMID- 6422262
TI  - [Testicular tumors call for interdisciplinary cooperation. Experiences of the
      Malignant Testicular Tumors Project Group at the Munich Cancer Center].

PMID- 6422263
TI  - [The problem patient--the "irritable bladder"].

PMID- 6422264
TI  - [Long-term results of neural therapy in irritable bladder].

PMID- 6422265
TI  - [Factors of bacterial pathogenicity].

PMID- 6422266
TI  - [Prostaglandins and the lung].

PMID- 6422267
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition of severely injured children].

PMID- 6422268
TI  - [Endocrine and exocrine function of the testis following spermatic cord torsion].

PMID- 6422269
TI  - [Resuscitation following a strike by lightning].

PMID- 6422270
TI  - [Anxiolytic effect of the beta1-receptor blocker metoprolol. Comparative study
      with oxazepam in patients receiving concomitant basic antidepressive therapy].

PMID- 6422271
TI  - [Chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia].

PMID- 6422272
TI  - [Principles of frontier medicine].

PMID- 6422273
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of depression].

PMID- 6422274
TI  - [Diagnosis of endogenic depression in the aged].

PMID- 6422275
TI  - [Basic rules for therapy of depression in the elderly].

PMID- 6422277
TI  - [Psychophysically-induced hyposomnia in a 46-year-old man].

PMID- 6422276
TI  - [Anticholinergic crisis].

PMID- 6422278
TI  - [Early phase of myocardial infarction. Complications and therapy].

PMID- 6422279
TI  - [Psychosocial care of pediatric oncology patients and their parents].

PMID- 6422280
TI  - [Appetite suppressing and satiety stimulating drugs. Specific effect and
      selective application].

PMID- 6422281
TI  - [Anamnesis of the radioimmunoassay. Historical reminiscence].

PMID- 6422282
TI  - Dominant lethal mutations induced by MMS and mitomycin C in the fish Oryzias
      latipes.
AB  - Males of the fish Oryzias latipes were treated with various chemicals and then
      mated with normal females. The fertility and hatchability of the eggs laid by the
      parents were examined, and the dominant lethal effects were estimated. Mitomycin
      C induced dominant lethals in the fish spermatids and spermatocytes after the
      males had been treated with concentrations of 2.5 and 25 micrograms/ml. Methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS) induced dominant lethals in spermatozoa and spermatozoa
      and spermatids after the injection of 200 and 400 mg/kg. These results are in
      good agreement with the results obtained with mice. However, the effects of ethyl
      methanesulfonate (EMS) were not clear on spermatogenic cells at any stage. We
      could not recognize any significant induction of dominant lethals by urethanes,
      bleomycin, caffeine, and two kinds of food-color additives, at least under the
      present experimental conditions.

PMID- 6422283
TI  - Metabolic activation of selected aromatic amines and polycyclic hydrocarbons by
      isolated subcellular fractions of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The applicability of microsomal preparations from Drosophila melanogaster as the
      metabolic factor in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with strains TA98 and TA100
      was evaluated. Isolated cellular fractions (S27) from PB-pretreated flies
      activated N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (2-AAF), N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (N
      OH-AAF), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DA) and 2-naphthylamine
      (NA) into mutagenic metabolites. 7,-12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was
      ineffective under the conditions of the test. This study was performed in an
      effort to determine optimal conditions for activating, by Drosophila enzymes,
      aromatic amines and polycyclic hydrocarbons, with 2-AAF and BP as model mutagens.
      The following alterations improved the sensitivity of this combined
      Salmonella/Drosophila assay. (1) Incubation of the plates at 25 degrees C for 1
      night instead of permanent exposure at 37 degrees C. (2) Isolation of S27
      fractions instead of the conventional S9, because 9000 X g was not sufficient to
      spin down Drosophila mitochondria.

PMID- 6422284
TI  - Mutagenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and some other aromatic mutagens
      in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The optimal conditions for mutagenesis studies with DMBA and some other aromatic
      carcinogens in Drosophila were investigated in detail. The results presented in
      this paper indicate the following. The mutagenic effectiveness of DMBA is
      dependent on the route of administration, injection being far more effective when
      compared with feeding. The choice of the solvent is a crucial experimental
      condition. DMBA, when dissolved in oil/DMF, is ineffective whereas a special fat
      emulsion of DMBA gives high mutation frequencies. There appears to be an extreme
      strain dependence in the mutagenicity of DMBA. Mutagenic effectiveness in strain
      Berlin-K was rather low, whereas Oregon-K and Karsnas-60 proved to be very
      susceptible to DMBA. Under the conditions of test, DMBA did not induce loss of a
      ring-X chromosome and did not produce recessive lethal mutations in such a
      chromosome. DMBA did not produce 2-3 translocations to any significant extent. An
      increase in DMBA-induced recessive lethal mutations was found upon storage of
      treated sperm with an optimal storage time of 4-10 days. DMBA is efficient in the
      production of delayed recessive lethal mutations in strain Berlin-K. Twice as
      many lethals were recovered with the F3 generation as compared with those in F2.
      In strain Oregon-K, where the frequency of F2 lethals was much higher than in
      strain Berlin-K, the ratio of F3/F2 lethals was clearly lower. Enzyme induction
      with phenobarbital reduces the mutagenic effectiveness of DMBA. Whereas TMBA was
      not mutagenic in Berlin-K, considerable mutagenicity was observed in Oregon-K and
      Karsnas-60. Injection of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and
      aromatic amines, when dissolved in special fat emulsions, enhances the mutagenic
      effectiveness of some compounds (DMBA, TMBA, DA and AcO-AAF), but this procedure
      does not always solve the problems pertinent to these classes of promutagens in
      Drosophila.

PMID- 6422285
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges and thioguanine resistance in V79 Chinese hamster
      cells after treatment with the aneuploidy-inducing agent carbaryl +/- S9 mix.
AB  - Carbaryl induced sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) but no thioguanine resistance
      in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Addition of S9 from Aroclor-pretreated rats, or
      glutathione, reduced the toxic effects of carbaryl. Glutathione or S9 mix reduced
      the effect of carbaryl on SCE. However, the latter result indicates that
      carbaryl's effect may be enhanced at a certain compound/S9 ratio. Since treatment
      with microsomes alone, but not S9 mix, was clastogenic it cannot be excluded that
      this enhancement of SCE was due to perturbations in the S9 mix by carbaryl rather
      than to formation of some particular SCE-inducing metabolite from the compound.
      The effects of carbaryl on chromosomes and chromosomal distribution are
      comparable to those sometimes reported for TPA. This, in conjunction with the
      weak indications on carcinogenic activity of carbaryl, makes it of interest that
      the compound be tested for promotion or co-carcinogenicity in vivo.

PMID- 6422286
TI  - Effect of dietary protein concentration on rat-liver S9 bioactivation of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the Salmonella/microsome assay.
AB  - These studies describe the influence of dietary protein concentration on the
      ability of rat-liver postmitochondrial fraction (S9) to mediate 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome
      assay. A negative correlation was observed between dietary protein content and
      DMBA mutagenicity. The effect of protein was not dependent on the quantity of
      Aroclor used for induction. Dietary protein did not influence the mutagenicity of
      DMBA when isolated microsomes were used in place of S9.

PMID- 6422287
TI  - The characterization of chromosome breaks in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Mass
      isolation of deficiencies which have an end point in the 14A-15A region.
AB  - A total of 2.7 X 10(6) chromosomes have been screened for deficiencies that
      extend into some portion of the 14A-15A segment of the X-chromosome. Mutants have
      been identified on the basis of their paralysis at high temperature (the para ts
      phenotype) in a stock which contains a para ts allele on the X-chromosome and a
      para+ allele on the Dp(1;4)r+f+ chromosome. Several hundred mutants have been
      genetically characterized and a large percentage are deficiencies. Cytological
      characterization of a sub-set suggests that breakpoints are distributed
      throughout the 14B-15A region, but in a non-random fashion.

PMID- 6422288
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchange and micronucleus induction as indicators of genetic
      damage in maternal and foetal cells.
AB  - The effectiveness of 3 compounds, procarbazine, mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide
      as inducers of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitor cells, in foetal liver and bone marrow from pregnant mice at day 17 of
      gestation were determined. Cyclophosphamide and procarbazine induced similar SCE
      frequencies in maternal and foetal cells. Mitomycin C was slightly less effective
      in foetal liver than in maternal bone marrow. In contrast to the results of SCE
      induction, cyclophosphamide produced more micronucleated polychromatic
      erythrocytes in foetal liver than in bone marrow. The SCE results for mitomycin C
      and procarbazine are compared with results obtained previously for micronuclei
      induction in 15-day pregnant animals.

PMID- 6422289
TI  - Respiration shutoff in Escherichia coli K12 strains is induced by far ultraviolet
      radiations and by mitomycin C.
AB  - Ultraviolet radiations (254 nm) (UV) cause respiration to shutoff in Escherichia
      coli B/r. It has been reported [P.A. Swenson, Photochem. Photobiol., 33 (1981)
      855-859 and J. Barbe, A. Vericat and R. Guerrero, Mutation Res., 120 (1983) 1-5]
      that E. coli K12 strains do not shut off respiration after UV. The latter authors
      also reported that mitomycin C did not cause this 'SOS' response. In this paper
      we report that higher UV fluences than were previously used will cause
      respiration shutoff in K12 strain W3110 and that cyclic AMP increases the
      sensitivity of respiration shutoff of irradiated cell suspensions. We also report
      that mitomycin C shuts off respiration in this strain. Neither UV nor mitomycin C
      causes respiration shutoff in the recA56 derivative of W3110. Thus respiration
      shutoff is a recA dependent response to UV and mitomycin C in E. coli K12
      strains.

PMID- 6422290
TI  - Hyperthermia increases chromosome breakage and loss induced by fission neutrons
      in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Pretreatment with hyperthermia did significantly increase the breakage and
      chromosome loss induced by 0.85-MeV fission neutrons from the JANUS biological
      research reactor in spermatozoa, early and late spermatids and spermatocytes.
      Radiation-induced breakage of chromosomes was also enhanced by hyperthermia in
      early spermatogonia.

PMID- 6422291
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchange induction in rat maternal, embryonic and extra
      embryonic cells after in vivo exposure to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.

PMID- 6422292
TI  - Lack of effect of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on cellular NAD levels.
AB  - Human KB cells were treated with doses of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) or
      dimethyl sulfate (DMS) that produced equal numbers of DNA-strand breaks when
      measured by velocity sedimentation analysis in an alkaline sucrose gradient. The
      DMS treatment also caused a profound and sustained lowering of cellular NAD
      content. The 4NQO treatment had no effect on the cellular NAD content. This
      result with 4NQO was not expected because strand breaks in DNA activate poly(ADP
      ribose)polymerase and in the ensuing reaction NAD is consumed. Since 4NQO adducts
      are removed by an excision-repair process it is postulated that the strand breaks
      formed during the repair process are not accessible to poly(ADP
      ribose)polymerase.

PMID- 6422293
TI  - Comparison of antigens and serological methods in Aspergillus fumigatus antibody
      detection.

PMID- 6422294
TI  - Hazard of microwave ovens to transdermal delivery system.

PMID- 6422295
TI  - Sodium hydroxide decontamination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus.

PMID- 6422296
TI  - The unfortunate case of Dr. Z: how to succeed in medical practice in 1984.

PMID- 6422297
TI  - Cost-efficient surgery.

PMID- 6422298
TI  - Effect of carbon dioxide on diaphragmatic function in human beings.
AB  - We studied the effects of acute changes in the partial pressure of arterial
      carbon dioxide on diaphragmatic contractility and performance in four normal men.
      To study contractility we measured the ability of the diaphragm to generate
      pressure at a given level of excitation by determining the relation between the
      electrical activity of the diaphragm and transdiaphragmatic pressure during a
      voluntary quasi-isometric inspiratory effort carried out at different levels of
      end-tidal carbon dioxide. Our results show that contractility was reduced with
      hypercapnia (when end-tidal carbon dioxide was 7.5 per cent or higher), although
      hypocapnia (end-tidal carbon dioxide, 3 per cent) had no effect on diaphragmatic
      contractility. We also studied the development of diaphragmatic fatigue before
      and during carbon dioxide breathing. Subjects were studied at the same
      diaphragmatic tension-time index, a value analogous to the more familiar
      myocardial tension-time index, while the same inspiratory flow was maintained.
      Electromyographic signs of fatigue appeared at a lower tension-time index during
      hypercapnia than during normocapnia, indicating that endurance is diminished
      during hypercapnia. These findings show that acute respiratory acidosis
      equivalent to an arterial carbon dioxide tension of about 54 mm Hg decreases the
      contractility and endurance time of the diaphragm in human beings.

PMID- 6422299
TI  - Impaired production of lymphokines and immune (gamma) interferon in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - To examine the cellular immune defect that predisposes patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to opportunistic infections, we tested T
      lymphocytes from 16 patients for the capacity to secrete macrophage-activating
      products (lymphokines) including gamma interferon. Mononuclear cells from 10 of
      11 patients did not generate an effective lymphokine in response to mitogen, and
      11 of 16 produced subnormal levels of gamma interferon (less than 300 U per
      milliliter). In addition, upon stimulation with specific microbial antigen, cells
      from none of 14 patients generated active lymphokines, and cells from 13 to 14
      completely failed to secrete gamma interferon. However, the antimicrobial
      function of monocytes from the patients was intact, and once stimulated with
      normal lymphokines or gamma interferon alone, macrophages derived from patients'
      monocytes responded with enhanced and effective intracellular antimicrobial
      activity. These results suggest that impaired lymphokine production may
      predispose patients with AIDS to opportunistic infections, and they provide a
      rationale for using gamma interferon as immunotherapy.

PMID- 6422300
TI  - The relation between hospital management and medical staff under a prospective
      payment system.

PMID- 6422301
TI  - Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin production in some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata
      (L.) Walp) lines in Tanzania.
AB  - Seeds of twenty-two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) lines/cultivars were
      inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus (Link) (NRRL 3145) and aflatoxin
      production was evaluated. All the cowpea samples were susceptible to Aspergillus
      infection and subsequent aflatoxin production. The amount of aflatoxin produced
      ranged between 466.6 micrograms/kg to 1 806 micrograms/kg in the case of B (B1 +
      B2) and 20.8 micrograms/kg to 82.7 micrograms/kg of seed in the case of G (G1 +
      G2). On the basis of the amount of aflatoxin produced on different samples, it is
      evident that there is at least partial resistance to aflatoxin production in the
      tested cowpea lines/cultivars. On the basis of the results obtained in this
      investigation it is apparent that further selection and breeding could provide
      cowpea cultivars which are resistant to A. parasiticus infection and aflatoxin
      production.

PMID- 6422302
TI  - Production of aflatoxins on soybean and cottonseed meals.
AB  - p6e production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus SRRC-1000 growing on soybean
      (Forrest) and glandless cottonseed (Deltapine 16) meals was examined with respect
      to effects of zinc and phytate. Aflatoxins were not produced on unautoclaved
      soybean meal. Addition of zinc (as zinc sulfate) to autoclaved meal inhibited
      aflatoxin production and supplementation with sodium phytate relieved this
      inhibition. Addition of sodium phytate alone promoted production. When cottonseed
      meal was treated to release native phytate into the meal from phytate
      sequestering globoids, aflatoxin production increased. However, the largest
      production on cottonseed meal occurred upon dialysis of the meal without
      releasing phytate, implying removal of a small molecular weight inhibitor.

PMID- 6422303
TI  - Immunodiffusion and complement fixation assays with sera from mucormycotic
      infected mice.
AB  - Results using homogenate antigens of Rhizomucor pusillus against immunized rabbit
      sera, mouse ascites fluid and sera from mucormycotic-infected mice, detected by
      immunodiffusion and complement fixation assays are presented. Using
      immunodiffusion techniques, common antigens and unique antigens from Rh.
      pusillus, Rhizopus oryzae and Absidia corymbifera were observed. Complement
      fixation titers of greater than 256 and 128 were obtained in immunized rabbit
      sera and mouse ascites fluid, respectively. However, no appreciable titers of
      antibody were measured from mucormycotic-infected animals by either
      immunodiffusion or complement fixation.

PMID- 6422304
TI  - [Determination and occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dried milk products].
AB  - Basing on a review of the present situation of the contamination of milk and
      powdered milk products with aflatoxin M1 a further investigation is regarded as
      necessary to assess the hygienic toxicological situation. For this purpose the
      TLC detection method of Tuinstra and Bronsgeest is recommended, which was
      modified to be used with powdered milk and baby food. This method enables the
      detection of 0.04 micrograms M1/l milk and 0.5 micrograms/kg powdered milk
      respectively on practical conditions. Investigating 142 raw milk samples and 70
      samples of powdered milk products only 2 positive powdered milk samples were
      detected. This relatively low contamination rate is explained by the use of feed
      that is predominantly produced in the GDR and that is vastly free from
      aflatoxins. According to these results it is possible to estimate the
      contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1 in the GDR as extremely low.

PMID- 6422305
TI  - Novel kappa light-chain gene rearrangements in mouse lambda light chain-producing
      B lymphocytes.
AB  - The genes that encode the immunoglobulin proteins made by B lymphocytes are made
      up of segments that are separately encoded in the germ-line genome and brought
      together by recombination during B-cell ontogeny. There are two types of
      immunoglobulin light chain, kappa and lambda, but only a single type is expressed
      in individual B cells. It is thought that kappa gene recombination precedes
      lambda gene recombination during B-cell ontogeny. We describe here unusual
      recombinations that have occurred in two lambda-producing B-cell lines and
      suggest that they are involved in the developmental switch from kappa to lambda
      gene expression in maturing B cells. These recombinations involve the J kappa-C
      kappa introns of V-J joined but nonfunctional kappa genes and a sequence that in
      the germ line occurs downstream of the C kappa exon (called RS, for recombining
      sequence).

PMID- 6422306
TI  - A variant translocation places the lambda immunoglobulin genes 3' to the c-myc
      oncogene in Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - Most translocations that occur in Burkitt's lymphoma involve movement of part of
      chromosome 8, containing the c-myc gene, from its normal position to the
      immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus on chromosome 14. The genes are often joined at
      their 5' ends in opposite transcriptional directions. However, a significant
      minority of Burkitt translocations involve the light-chain loci on chromosome 2
      (kappa) or 22 (lambda). We have characterized one of these from a European
      derived cell line (IARC-BL37) that carries an 8;22 translocation. Here the
      translocation has joined the 5' portion of the lambda light-chain locus to the 3'
      portion of the c-myc gene at a position about 7 kilobases from the normal c-myc
      promoters. The translocation is reciprocal and relatively conservative, involving
      the loss of only 21 base pairs from the site of recombination. This translocation
      allows us to orient the lambda genes with respect to the centromere of chromosome
      22 and to predict the orientation of other translocations involving these
      chromosomal segments. The 3' translocation is accompanied by an increased level
      of c-myc transcripts, especially that derived from a normally under-used c-myc
      promoter.

PMID- 6422307
TI  - A new myosin fragment: visualization of the regulatory domain.
AB  - Many of the functional domains of the myosin molecule have been defined by the
      use of proteolytic enzymes. Major fragments that retain enzymatic or assembly
      properties have been prepared by cleavage in the rod to form heavy meromyosin
      (HMM) and light meromyosin (LMM) or at the head-rod junction to form S-1 and rod.
      Limited tryptic digestion of vertebrate skeletal myosin S-1 indicates that the
      head contains three major regions: an amino-terminal nucleotide binding domain of
      molecular weight (MW) 25,000, a central domain of MW 50,000 and a carboxyl domain
      MW 20,000; the latter two are both able to bind to actin. Tryptic digestion of
      scallop S-1 has also been used to isolate a head fragment MW 14,000 associated
      with both types of scallop light chains. Here we report that myosin from
      vertebrate (chicken and rabbit skeletal) and molluscan (scallop adductor)
      striated muscles is cleaved in an unusual way with an enzyme from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. This bacterial protease (designated Ps-1) does not cleave myosin at
      the head-rod junction or in the rod; instead, Ps-1 splits the myosin heavy chain
      within the head, yielding a complete rod joined to the 20,000-MW head domains.
      The scallop regulatory and essential light chains remain associated with this
      fragment. We examined this new fragment by electron microscopy; the rods bear two
      'nubs' about 100 A long, which appear to correspond morphologically to the neck
      region of the myosin molecule.

PMID- 6422308
TI  - Geochronology, stratigraphy and geochemistry of Cindery Tuff in Pliocene hominid
      bearing sediments of the Middle Awash, Ethiopia.
AB  - Cindery Tuff is a subalkaline, rhyolitic air-fall deposit that was probably
      produced by a mixed-magma eruption. It is a distinctive, datable, regional
      isochronous marker bed within the Pliocene sediments of the Middle Awash
      district, and is stratigraphically situated between two new fossil hominid
      discoveries. Based on 40Ar/39Ar analyses of plagioclase, rhyolitic glass and
      basaltic glass, as well as fission-track analyses of zircons, we estimate its age
      to be 3.8-4.0 Myr. This implies that associated hominid skull fragments are at
      least 3.9 Myr old.

PMID- 6422309
TI  - No new ways of treating AIDS.

PMID- 6422310
TI  - Clathrin light chains and secretory vesicle binding proteins are distinct.
AB  - Recently, several groups have initiated studies on cytosolic proteins that bind
      to isolated secretory vesicle membranes in the presence of Ca2+ in order to
      identify proteins that may regulate exocytosis. Two major chromaffin granule
      binding proteins, of molecular weights 32,000 (32K) and 34,000 (34K), were
      reported to have the same mobility on one-dimensional SDS gels as clathrin
      associated light chains from the adrenal medulla, and the 34K granule binding
      protein the same one-dimensional peptide map as the 34K clathrin light chain.
      These observations support the hypothesis that Ca2+-dependent recruitment of
      soluble light chains to the vesicle membrane may nucleate the assembly of a
      clathrin coat and initiate endocytosis. Here we report that two-dimensional
      peptide maps of the clathrin light chains and of all chromaffin granule membrane
      binding proteins in the 30K range are distinct, and therefore fail to support
      this hypothesis. It has also been suggested that some or all of the vesicle
      binding proteins require calmodulin for their interaction with the membrane.
      However, we find that antagonism of calmodulin by trifluoperazine does not
      prevent the association of the other cytosolic proteins with the chromaffin
      granule membrane.

PMID- 6422311
TI  - Hypothalamic releasing factors for ACTH and growth hormone: two newly discovered
      peptides with a promising future in clinical medicine.

PMID- 6422312
TI  - [Endoscopy as an aid in the introduction of feeding tubes].

PMID- 6422313
TI  - [Primary dysmenorrhea: current insights in etiology and treatment].

PMID- 6422314
TI  - [Bacteriologic management of patients with decreased resistance].

PMID- 6422315
TI  - [Economics and organization of public health care. IV. Cost containment].

PMID- 6422316
TI  - Experimental and clinical results of application of antitumor vaccines obtained
      by means of bacterial metabolism.
AB  - By means of metabolic products of the AB-56 strain of Bac. mesentericus it was
      possible to produce specific antitumor vaccines which both in experimental and
      clinical conditions proved to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects. 60-100%
      of the animals prophylactically immunized with these vaccines became resistant to
      a subsequent injection of living virulent cells, the percentage depending on the
      number of immunizations. The employment of similar autovaccines in the treatment
      of relapses and metastases in humans resulted in a 56% five-year survival of
      patients operated on for gastric cancer, in contrast to a 28% five-year survival
      of those without any vaccination.

PMID- 6422317
TI  - The neurophysiologic basis of abnormal movements in basal ganglia disorders.
AB  - Recent anatomical and physiological studies have shed new light on the functional
      organization of the basal ganglia and the contributions of these structures to
      movement. While the striatum receives input from the entire neocortex, this
      information appears to remain segregated in the basal ganglia along lines
      established at the cortical level. There appears to be, in the broadest sense, a
      maintained segregation of information relevant to motor and "complex" functions.
      The concept of segregated parallel subcortical loops subserving "motor" and
      "complex" functions is discussed. Single cell studies in the basal ganglia of
      behaving animals have revealed specific relations of neuronal activity to
      movements of individual body parts and a relation to specific parameters of
      movement, particularly direction, amplitude, and velocity. The pathophysiologic
      basis of akinesia tremor, rigidity, and diskinesias is discussed in light of
      recent findings.

PMID- 6422318
TI  - Lathyrism: a neurotoxic disease.
AB  - Lathyrism, one of the oldest neurotoxic diseases known to Man, results from
      excessive consumption of the chickling pea, Lathyrus sativus, and certain related
      species. Once prevalent throughout Europe, N. Africa, Middle East and parts of
      the Far East, the disease is presently restricted to India, Bangladesh and
      Ethiopia. Lathyrism is a form of irreversible, non-progressive spastic
      paraparesis associated with poorly understood degenerative changes in spinal
      cord. Domestic animals, notably the horse, also develop hindlimb paralysis after
      prolonged feeding on lathyrus fodder. Experimental animal models of lathyrism
      have been reported but none has been satisfactorily investigated, and concurrence
      between these experimental diseases and the human condition is unproven. The
      culpable agent in lathyrus species that precipitates paralysis also is unknown.
      Current attention is focused on the glutamate analog, beta-(N)-oxalyl-amino-L
      alanine acid (BOAA). While this compound is present in those lathyrus species
      that induce spastic paraparesis and, in large doses, reportedly causes
      neuropathological changes similar to glutamate neurotoxicity, there is little to
      compare these neuropathological changes with those found in human lathyrism.
      Chronic primate feeding studies utilizing BOAA need to be carried out to
      determine whether this agent is responsible for human lathyrism. Some species of
      lathyrus, notably Lathyrus odoratus, are unable to induce human lathyrism but
      contain a compound, beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), that induces pathological
      changes in bone ("osteolathyrism") and blood vessels ("angiolathyrism") of
      experimental animals without damaging the nervous system. However, related
      compounds, dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN) and beta, beta'
      iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), are chronic neurotoxins in humans and animals,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422319
TI  - Aluminum inhibition of ADP-ribosylation in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Aluminum accumulates on DNA containing nuclear structures in several human
      degenerative brain diseases and following the direct injection of aluminum into
      the brain of certain experimental animals. The enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase
      is activated following DNA damage. Aluminum added to nuclei, in vitro, at
      concentrations approaching that necessary to induce a progressive encephalopathy
      in animals, reduces poly(ADP-ribose) formation to 75% of control. Nuclei
      extracted at various stages of the aluminum encephalopathy exhibit a reduction in
      ADP-ribosylation to 50% of control nuclei. Altered ADP-ribosylation may be an
      important nuclear consequence of aluminum toxicity in both the experimental
      models and in degenerative human brain disease.

PMID- 6422320
TI  - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons have been identified in the central nervous
      system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster by immunocytochemical techniques.
      Analyses of fly extracts by high performance liquid chromatography and
      radioimmunoassay show a relatively complex pattern of immunoreactive compounds.
      The most prominent among them has chromatographic properties similar to those of
      met-enkephalin from which can, however, be distinguished by high-resolution
      chromatographic techniques.

PMID- 6422321
TI  - Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy of Janz.
AB  - We studied 43 patients, aged 15 to 69 years, whose convulsive seizures were
      uncontrolled because the syndrome of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy was not
      recognized. Awakening myoclonic jerks appeared with tonic-clonic (18 patients),
      clonic-tonic-clonic (24 patients), and absence seizures (17 patients), with a
      mean age at onset of 13.6 years. Generalized seizures were present in relatives
      of 17 patients. All patients had diffuse 3 1/2- to 6-Hz multispike-wave
      complexes. Valproic acid stopped convulsions in 86% of patients. After being free
      of seizures for 2 years, withdrawal of valproic acid was followed by relapse of
      convulsions in 12 patients.

PMID- 6422322
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity and embryotoxicity of valproic acid.

PMID- 6422323
TI  - Intracerebral masses in patients with intractable partial epilepsy.
AB  - One hundred ninety patients were considered for surgical treatment of
      uncontrolled partial seizures. Twenty-seven (15%) had intracranial mass lesions
      detected during preoperative evaluation. Seizures were present for a mean of 10
      years. Sixty percent of the patients had prior negative radiologic studies. The
      lesions included 19 neoplasms and 8 non-neoplastic structural (non-atrophic)
      lesions. Refractory simple partial seizures and a changing neurologic examination
      were more commonly associated with neoplasms. Treatment included biopsy and
      radiation, mass resection, or subtotal lobectomy. Although any form of treatment
      gave better seizure control, patients undergoing subtotal lobectomy had more than
      95% reduction in seizures.

PMID- 6422324
TI  - Acute subdural hematomas with lupus anticoagulant (procoagulant inhibitor).
AB  - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and circulating "lupus
      anticoagulant" (procoagulant inhibitor) developed both hemorrhagic
      microinfarction of the brain characteristic of SLE and massive bilateral, fatal,
      isodense subdural hematomas.

PMID- 6422325
TI  - Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in mentally retarded adults.
AB  - All individuals receiving valproic acid therapy in an institution for the
      mentally retarded were evaluated for hyperammonemia. Of these 19 adults, 6 had
      persistent and 5 others had intermittent hyperammonemia. The hyperammonemic
      patients were asymptomatic, except that 2 had occasional lethargy. Hyperammonemia
      was detected more often in younger adults and in those treated with multiple
      anticonvulsants, especially phenytoin. Valproate-induced hyperammonemia is
      probably the result of depletion of mitochondrial acetyl CoA and decreased
      production of N-acetylglutamate, the obligatory activator of the first enzyme of
      the urea cycle, carbamyl phosphate synthetase I. Anticonvulsant-mediated
      microsomal enzyme induction may also contribute.

PMID- 6422327
TI  - Changing trends in drug overdose over a six-year period.

PMID- 6422326
TI  - Current concepts in the management of splenic trauma: a review.

PMID- 6422328
TI  - Quality assurance: its role in military dentistry.

PMID- 6422329
TI  - New retractor for increasing visibility and reducing operating time of intraoral
      vertical oblique osteotomy.

PMID- 6422330
TI  - An evaluation of a medical center's FTX experience.

PMID- 6422331
TI  - Prediction of areas endemic for schistosomiasis through use of discriminant
      analysis of environmental data.

PMID- 6422332
TI  - Transient post-traumatic cortical blindness: case report.

PMID- 6422333
TI  - Oculomotor palsy in infectious mononucleosis: case report.

PMID- 6422334
TI  - Suspected bronchoesophageal fistula arising from an esophageal cyst: case report.

PMID- 6422336
TI  - Heat stroke during training.

PMID- 6422335
TI  - Gastrointestinal bleeding from metastatic melanoma of the small intestines: case
      report.

PMID- 6422337
TI  - Acardia: case report.

PMID- 6422338
TI  - Case for diagnosis: apocrine hidrocystoma.

PMID- 6422339
TI  - Military retirement.

PMID- 6422340
TI  - Battlefield stress: management techniques.

PMID- 6422341
TI  - An outpatient audit of antibiotic usage.

PMID- 6422342
TI  - [Controlled hypotension in the surgery of intracranial arterial aneurysms.
      Comparison of sodium nitroprusside, trimethaphan and trinitroglycerin].

PMID- 6422343
TI  - [Problems of anesthesia in neurosurgical operations in seated position.
      Prevention of air embolism. Importance of PEEP and capnography].

PMID- 6422344
TI  - [Total isoperistaltic lavage of the intestines with 20% mannitol in the
      preparation of the large intestine for surgical intervention].

PMID- 6422345
TI  - [Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Our experience].

PMID- 6422346
TI  - [Role of total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of postoperative external
      fistulas of the gastroenteric tract].

PMID- 6422347
TI  - [Reinstillation in digestive fistulas].

PMID- 6422348
TI  - [Specialized enteral feeding in jejunostomy].

PMID- 6422349
TI  - [Need and risks of blood transfusion. Clinical experiences].

PMID- 6422350
TI  - Complication of central venous catheterization for total parenteral nutrition.
      The role of the nurse.

PMID- 6422351
TI  - Nursing: gearing up for DRGs. Part II: Management strategies.

PMID- 6422352
TI  - Staff nurse weekend program proves cost effective.

PMID- 6422354
TI  - The social development of an adopted child recovering from malnutrition.

PMID- 6422353
TI  - Effects of dose and dosing regimen on tissue distribution and elimination
      kinetics of [14C] dithiobiuret in rats.
AB  - [14C] Dithiobiuret (DTB)-derived radioactivity is eliminated by adult male rats
      with an approximate plasma half-life of 8-10 hr. About 65-75% of an i.p. dose
      appears in the urine within 24 hr after treatment and about 2-4% appears in the
      feces during the same time period. Less than 1% is recovered as [14C] carbon
      dioxide in expired air. The elimination kinetics for plasma and the % dose of DTB
      eliminated as the parent compound and metabolites in urine and feces,
      respectively, are the same for 1 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg acute treatments and for 1
      mg/kg/day chronic treatment. Dose and dosing regimen dependent changes in tissue
      distribution are evident for most tissues with the thyroid gland, lung, stomach
      and fat being the most affected. Accumulation of DTB or its metabolites in the
      thyroid gland is greater than in any other tissue and is saturable at 25 mg/kg.
      The lung and stomach have a lower concentration of [14C] DTB equivalents than the
      thyroid, but they show the greatest relative increase in concentrations, about 5
      fold, when [14C] DTB is administered chronically. Conversely, fat does not
      accumulate DTB-derived radioactivity during chronic dosing. These findings
      suggest that DTB metabolism is altered by changes in dose and dosing regimen.

PMID- 6422355
TI  - Catabolic control of nicotinamide coenzyme level.

PMID- 6422356
TI  - The anterior cingulate cortex and the phonatory control in monkey and man.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex yields vocalization in
      the monkey. The elicited vocalizations seem to represent primary stimulus
      responses. Monkeys are not able to perform a vocal conditioning task after
      ablation of the anterior cingulate cortex. However, they can carry out a lever
      pressing conditioning task following destruction of this area. It is hypothesized
      that the anterior cingulate cortex exerts the volitional control of species
      specific vocalizations in monkey. The non-verbal emotional vocal utterances are
      considered to be the human homologue of monkey's vocalizations. Therefore,
      bilateral lesion of the anterior cingulate cortex in man should hamper the
      volitional control of emotional vocal utterances in man as it does in monkeys.
      One personal observation is reported where after a bilateral infarction of the
      anterior cingulate cortex the patient's voice showed a permanent lack of
      emotional expression. The anterior cingulate cortex seems to play the decisive
      role in the volitional verbalization of emotions.

PMID- 6422357
TI  - Stress, predisposition and the onset of serious disease: implications about
      psychosomatic etiology.
AB  - Based on the author's own work and a review of the literature, the hypothesis is
      made that potentially lethal disease does not usually occur in healthy animals or
      people but does so when covert or overt disease exists or when a predisposition
      for disease exists. The author supports this hypothesis in his assessment of the
      human literature on sudden death. Further support for the hypothesis is presented
      from 2 animal models being studied in his laboratory--stress-induced heart
      failure in the cardiomyopathic hamster and stress-induced sensitization of
      digitalis-toxic ventricular arrhythmias. This analysis suggests a different view
      from the classical one of what a psychosomatic disease might be.

PMID- 6422358
TI  - Deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. A specific type B monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor.

PMID- 6422359
TI  - Perforation of the esophagus by a fine feeding tube.

PMID- 6422360
TI  - Drug-resistant tuberculosis of the hip in a child.

PMID- 6422361
TI  - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a three year experience.
AB  - Experience with a nationwide screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism in
      New Zealand is reported. Using radio-immune assays for thyroxine (T4) on all
      newborns, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) determinations on samples with T4
      levels below the 5th percentile, 160 899 babies were screened and 33 cases of
      primary hypothyroidism were detected (incidence 1: 4875). Screening resulted in
      treatment beginning within the first three weeks of life.

PMID- 6422362
TI  - Immunoglobulin heavy chain haplotypes in caucasian New Zealanders.
AB  - In the course of studies on the genetic basis of autoimmune disease,
      immunoglobulin allotypes were measured in New Zealand people of caucasian origin.
      We report the observed frequencies of the various allotypes of the gamma heavy
      chains, together with the frequencies of the combinations observed to occur in
      individuals (phenotypes) and the nature and frequency of the combinations on
      individual chromosomes (haplotypes), as calculated by application of Kurczynski
      and Steinberg's computer programme MAXIM.

PMID- 6422363
TI  - New Medicare DRG payment calculations issued.

PMID- 6422364
TI  - Accounting for nursing functions in DRGs.

PMID- 6422365
TI  - Social justice and the interim regs.

PMID- 6422366
TI  - Recent expansions of community-based long-term care under Medicaid.

PMID- 6422367
TI  - Case mix management.

PMID- 6422368
TI  - Autoimmune phenomena in infertile patients with endometriosis.
AB  - To assess the presence of autoimmune factors in patients with endometriosis,
      endometrial homogenates, peritoneal fluid, and serum were evaluated in 23
      patients with endometriosis and 22 control subjects. The methods used were
      Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and radial immunodiffusion. The study demonstrated precipitation
      lines between endometrial homogenates and serum from some endometriosis patients
      but not from the control subjects. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated
      precipitation lines at beta-globulin position when endometrial homogenates were
      used against serum of patients with endometriosis and with goat antihuman serum.
      It is suggested that an antigen, possibly a glycoprotein, is present in the
      endometrial homogenates. Radial immunodiffusion studies for immunoglobulins (Ig)
      G, A, and M and complement components C3c and C4 showed significantly higher
      concentrations of C3c and C4 in serum and peritoneal fluid of patients with
      endometriosis than the control subjects (P less than .05). There was no
      significant difference in concentration of IgG, A, M, factor B, and properdin.

PMID- 6422369
TI  - Neurofibromatosis and spontaneous hemothorax in pregnancy: two case reports.
AB  - Two cases of spontaneous hemothorax in pregnant women with neurofibromatosis are
      reported. Effects of pregnancy on the clinical course of neurofibromatosis are
      known to include worsening of cutaneous lesions, increased incidence of
      hypertension, and renal artery rupture. However, vessel wall rupture into the
      pleural cavity in areas of vascular neurofibromatosis is previously unreported.
      Contributing factors may include normal hemodynamic changes of the puerperium and
      pathological alterations of preexisting areas of neurofibromatosis. Because the
      incidence of vascular neurofibromatosis is not known and is difficult to
      diagnose, the serious morbidity and mortality encountered in this group place all
      pregnant patients with neurofibromatosis in a high-risk obstetric category.

PMID- 6422370
TI  - Estradiol, estrone, and gonadotropin levels after use of vaginal estradiol.
AB  - The vaginal absorption of 0.5-mg tablets of micronized estradiol was evaluated in
      postmenopausal women. In a single-dose study, one hour after insertion, a 5.3
      fold rise in mean serum estradiol levels and 1.5-fold rise in mean serum estrone
      levels were observed. Mean levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating
      hormone were significantly depressed. In a three-week alternate-day regimen, mean
      serum levels of estradiol were consistently two to three times greater than those
      of estrone 12 hours after insertion. Vaginal absorption of micronized estradiol
      tablets into the systemic circulation was found to be rapid and efficient. The
      vaginal route was acceptable and well tolerated by patients. In addition, the
      major conversion of estradiol to estrone that follows oral or sublingual
      administration was reduced. The vagina may be a preferred alternate route for
      estrogen replacement therapy in selected patients.

PMID- 6422371
TI  - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.

PMID- 6422372
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with BCNU, vincristine, mitomycin-C and prednisone in
      refractory breast carcinoma. A pilot study.
AB  - 21 patients with metastatic breast cancer, refractory to conventional agents,
      were treated with a combination of BCNU, vincristine, mitomycin-C and prednisone
      given every 4 weeks. Only three of the nineteen (15.8%) evaluable patients were
      observed to have a partial remission, whereas four experienced stabilization of
      tumor. The sites which responded included skin lesions in two patients and a
      pleural effusion in 1 patient. This combination resulted in moderate to severe
      thrombocytopenia in five patients, but was otherwise well tolerated. This pilot
      study therefore suggests that these four agents in the schedule and doses given
      do not appear to be superior to any of these agents used singly for advanced,
      refractory breast cancer.

PMID- 6422373
TI  - Cellular pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in cultured mouse sarcoma cells
      originating from autochthonous tumors.
AB  - We have studied the cellular pharmacology of doxorubicin in a line of mouse
      sarcoma cells isolated from a dimethylbenzanthracene-induced autochthonous tumor.
      We have studied the cytotoxicity of the drugs as a function of the exposure dose
      and of the exposure time to the drug. Cytotoxicity was evaluated as the
      inhibition of the incorporation of [3H-methyl]-thymidine in the cellular nucleic
      acids. Intracellular drug concentrations were measured by spectrofluorometry. We
      have shown that the intracellular drug concentration was a linear function of the
      extracellular drug concentration up to 5 micrograms/ml; the cytotoxicity was an
      exponential function of the exposure dose up to 1 micrograms/ml, but it was not
      an exponential function of the exposure time: the cytotoxicity may therefore be
      very different for similar total drug exposures. Incubation with a low dose for a
      long time did not provide a cytotoxicity as high as that obtained with a high
      dose for a short period of time. These results emphasize the role of the peak
      concentration of doxorubicin for its maximal action in the target cell.

PMID- 6422374
TI  - [Does Masui's Ca-sensitive cytostatic factor exist in the cytoplasm of mature
      nonactivated eggs of Acipenser stellatus, Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis?].
AB  - The cytoplasm of mature non-activated and cleaving eggs of A. stellatus and R.
      temporaria had no cytostatic effect. The cytoplasm treated with EGTA, being
      injected in one of two blastomeres of the cleaving egg of the same species,
      inhibits fully or partially the cleavage. The nuclei in the "arrested"
      blastomeres had, however, vesicular structure but were not blocked at metaphase,
      as could be expected if the cleavage was inhibited by a cytostatic factor
      described by Masui (1974). The portion of perished embryos and "arrested"
      blastomeres was shown to increase with the dose of EGTA injected in the egg,
      donor of cytoplasm. In the experiments with reciprocal injections of the intact
      cytoplasm of the mature non-activated eggs in one of two blastomeres of the
      recipient embryo carried out on R. temporaria and X. laevis, the cytoplasm of X.
      laevis only arested the cleavage but in this case as well only 4 out of 32
      "arrested" blastomeres were at metaphase. The cytostatic effect observed in our
      experiments was not, hence, similar to that observed by Masui on R. pipiens.

PMID- 6422375
TI  - Ossifying fibrous epulis. An abbreviated case report.
AB  - A case of a large ossifying fibrous epulis is presented, along with a description
      of the clinical and histopathologic features and the differential diagnosis of
      the lesion.

PMID- 6422376
TI  - Tocainide and tinnitus. Clinical effect and site of action.
AB  - Tocainide, an amine analogue of lidocaine, which can be taken orally, was tested
      on 9 patients with severe tinnitus. 6 patients responded to the drug. In 4
      patients the effect ceased after about 2 weeks despite continuous medication. 2
      patients are still on this medication after more than 2 years. The binding of
      tocainide to melanin was analysed in vitro and in vivo in rats. It was concluded
      that the effect of tocainide on tinnitus is mediated by a peripheral mechanism
      possibly related to the accumulation on inner ear melanin.

PMID- 6422377
TI  - Benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood: a migraine equivalent.
AB  - The two main problems in defining and classifying the syndrome of benign
      paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) in childhood are the vestibular function pattern and the
      relationship between BPV and migraine. 13 children suffering from this syndrome
      were submitted to complete otoneurological examination, including caloric and
      rotational labyrinthine stimulation with ENG recording, and to headache
      provocation tests with nitroglycerin, histamine and fenfluramine. Vestibular
      responses were normal in all except 2 cases which presented signs of central
      vestibular impairment at the level of the vestibulocerebellar pathways. Headache
      provocation tests were positive in 9 out of 10 children, and in 4 cases they
      induced a typical vertiginous attack instead of headache. In addition, several
      children had a positive family history for migraine, headache was frequently
      associated with the crisis and other signs of a 'periodic syndrome' (motion
      sickness, cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain) were present, unrelated to vertiginous
      attacks. During the follow-up period, some children responded positively to
      migraine treatment. BPV, like paroxysmal torticollis in infancy and the signs of
      the periodic syndrome, can be considered a migraine equivalent or a migraine
      precursor and could be due to the same vascular and/or biochemical mechanisms
      responsible for the migraine. In children, for anatomical or developmental
      reasons, these mechanisms could selectively affect parts of the brain stem,
      including the vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebellar pathways.

PMID- 6422378
TI  - Toward effective quality assurance: the evolution and current status of the JCAH
      QA standard.

PMID- 6422379
TI  - The question of hospital privileges for allied health professionals.

PMID- 6422380
TI  - Patient-oriented QA activities.

PMID- 6422381
TI  - A pharmacy-based antibiotic UR program.

PMID- 6422382
TI  - Assessing the impact of supervision on outpatient evaluation in psychiatry.

PMID- 6422383
TI  - Ethics committees in hospitals: alternative structures and responsibilities.

PMID- 6422385
TI  - Malpractice loss prevention.

PMID- 6422384
TI  - Monitoring patient incidents in a long term care facility.

PMID- 6422386
TI  - Application of group dynamics to effective nursing review.

PMID- 6422387
TI  - Use of quality circles in hospitals: a selected bibliography.

PMID- 6422388
TI  - [Fatal panhemophthisis during gold therapy].

PMID- 6422389
TI  - History of the carbon dioxide laser in otolaryngologic surgery.
AB  - The review of recent history shows that since the initial discovery of the
      principle of the laser, rapid dissemination and application of this modality in
      the field of medicine have occurred. The use of laser energy has become an
      established technique in microsurgery and endoscopic surgery, particularly in the
      field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Laser instruments and surgical
      techniques and experience are becoming increasingly widely appreciated. All these
      developments are a tribute to the imagination and determination of a few
      individuals who were instrumental in recognizing the potential of laser energy
      for surgical application and in developing and using this new modality in
      clinical surgery. The major developments in laser surgery include early
      laboratory studies of laser surgical applications and their effects, the
      invention and development of instruments allowing application of laser energy in
      a variety of surgical settings, particularly the upper aerodigestive tract, and
      clinical studies confirming the efficacy of laser surgery. Other significant
      developments include the successful application of laser surgery in the
      eradication or control of selected cancers in the upper aerodigestive tract,
      including the tracheobronchial tree. Although a firm foundation for laser surgery
      is well established, its future offers a wide vista of new opportunities.

PMID- 6422390
TI  - Laser physics.

PMID- 6422391
TI  - Surgical lasers and soft tissue interactions.
AB  - The different physical and biological qualities of the carbon dioxide, argon, and
      neodymium-YAG lasers provide the otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon with
      a surgical tool with specific qualities and applications. The specific wave
      lengths of laser energy produce a varied soft tissue action. The carbon dioxide
      laser energy is absorbed by all biological tissues, whereas argon laser energy is
      an effective photocoagulator and penetrates into the subepithelial plane; the Nd
      YAG laser creates a coagulation effect, which penetrates deep into the tissues.
      Each laser has specific physical qualities. The argon laser and the Nd-YAG laser
      can be transmitted through a flexible fiberoptic delivery system, whereas the
      carbon dioxide laser currently requires a rigid optical delivery system. The Nd
      YAG and carbon dioxide lasers both require a second coincident aiming beam
      because of the invisibility of their laser energy, whereas the argon laser does
      not have such a requirement. The spot size of the laser beam can be much smaller
      for the argon laser than for the carbon dioxide laser. Protective lenses are
      necessary for the argon, carbon dioxide, and Nd-YAG lasers. The carbon dioxide
      laser energy is not transmitted through glass; thus most media (glass, plastic)
      are suitable to prevent any ocular injury. The argon laser requires a special
      yellowish protective mechanism, and the Nd-YAG laser requires a green protective
      lens mechanism. With further technical advances and improvements in the
      fiberoptic delivery system, smaller laser spot sizes, and changes in operating
      laser modes and color specifications of lasers, the advantages of laser surgery
      over conventional surgical techniques will become increasingly more apparent.

PMID- 6422392
TI  - General techniques and clinical considerations in laryngologic laser surgery.
AB  - The carbon dioxide laser, one of the great advances in otolaryngology, has the
      characteristics of accuracy, reduced bleeding, reduced reaction, faster healing,
      and less scarring as compared with conventional surgery. Its beam is produced by
      creating an electric discharge within a cylinder containing carbon dioxide,
      nitrogen, and helium. The emitted beam is invisible, and special means are used
      to show exactly where the beam is going to impinge on the tissue. The effect of
      the power delivered to the tissue by the laser beam depends on the character of
      the tissues, the presence of char, the delivery device, and the condition of the
      lenses and mirrors. The imprint size varies with the power and the duration of
      exposure and is not necessarily the same as spot size. Repeated exposures
      increase the amount of tissue destruction and can be used to completely eradicate
      a lesion until the junction of normal and abnormal tissue is encountered. The
      following points and techniques are important in determining the results of
      carbon dioxide laser surgery. Increasing the power and reducing the duration of
      the beam result in less charring, less reaction, and faster healing. Overheating
      of tissues is avoided by using a skip technique. Char must be removed to prevent
      overheating of tissues and to aid in identifying accurately the junction of
      normal and pathologic tissues. Palpation may help identify pathologic tissue not
      readily apparent on inspection alone. The edge of the beam can be used to shave
      away pathologic tissue accurately while preserving normal tissues.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422393
TI  - Safety with the carbon dioxide laser.

PMID- 6422394
TI  - Complications of laser surgery.
AB  - It is only through meticulous attention to detail that complications in the use
      of lasers can be avoided. Lasers can be efficient, safe, and effective tools for
      the head and neck surgeon. However, it is imperative that the surgeon take all
      precautions so that the incidence of complications, uniquely attributable to
      laser energy, will be kept to a minimum. Inattention to detail may expose the
      patient to an unnecessary risk of complications.

PMID- 6422395
TI  - Future directions and developments in laser surgery.

PMID- 6422396
TI  - Rhinologic laser surgery.

PMID- 6422397
TI  - Transoral resection of lesions of the oral cavity with the carbon dioxide laser.

PMID- 6422398
TI  - Use of the carbon dioxide laser in the endoscopic management of organic laryngeal
      disease.

PMID- 6422399
TI  - Laser surgery in the pediatric airway.

PMID- 6422400
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser management of subglottic and tracheal stenosis.
AB  - The carbon dioxide laser has been used in a variety of otolaryngologic
      conditions. Its specific advantages have particularly lent themselves to its use
      in the airway. The role of laser endoscopic treatment in subglottic and tracheal
      stenosis will continue to expand and aid in the successful management of these
      difficult cases.

PMID- 6422401
TI  - Lasers in bronchology.
AB  - Endoscopic application of carbon dioxide and YAG laser technology is an important
      surgical adjuvant for the treatment of tracheobronchial airway obstruction. In
      cases of malignant disease of the tracheobronchial tree, laser surgery should be
      considered when definitive treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy)
      has failed or is not applicable. The importance of careful selection of patients
      cannot be overemphasized. In selected cases of benign tracheobronchial lesions
      and stenosis, endoscopic laser surgery may be used with minimal morbidity. Rapid
      advances and refinements in laser technology and instrumentation present "new
      frontiers" for the bronchologist. Endoscopic laser surgery has established its
      place along with standard therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 6422403
TI  - Immunobiology of Langerhans' cells migrating into aural cholesteatomas.
AB  - Immunohistochemical and submicroscopic analyses of human cholesteatoma matrices
      reveal the presence of Langerhans' cells and T lymphocytes. Through cell-to-cell
      interaction, Langerhans' cells probably play a key role in skin-related
      disorders, including cholesteatomas. They originate from a mobile cell population
      of monocyte origin and migrate into and out of the body's lining. Their custodial
      function is always carried out in close relation with T lymphocytes. Various
      monoclonal antibodies directed against Langerhans' cell and T lymphocyte membrane
      receptors reveal the presence of these cell populations in cholesteatoma matrices
      but not in the tympanic membrane. Langerhans' cell and T cell traffic through
      cholesteatomas are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis, natural course, and
      recurrence rate of cholesteatomas. Through immunopathologic evaluation the
      clinical aggressiveness of a cholesteatoma will probably become predictable.
      Medical manipulation of Langerhans' cell and T cell functions- as an adjuvant to
      surgery - may have consequences for the future handling of cholesteatomas.

PMID- 6422402
TI  - Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: the role of the carbon dioxide laser.

PMID- 6422404
TI  - Transsphenoidal surgery for tumors of the clivus.

PMID- 6422405
TI  - Microsurgical reconstruction of the posterior circulation.

PMID- 6422406
TI  - Bronchogenic cyst presenting as deep neck abscess.

PMID- 6422407
TI  - Retropharyngeal abscess associated with progressive quadriplegia, an epidural
      abscess, renal failure, and jaundice.

PMID- 6422408
TI  - Infections of the masseteric space in children.

PMID- 6422409
TI  - Treatment of abscesses.

PMID- 6422410
TI  - Complications of CO2 laser surgery of the aerodigestive tract: experience of 4416
      cases.
AB  - The CO2 laser was first introduced for surgery of the aerodigestive tract in
      1971. Since that time, great advances in application have been made in both the
      adult and pediatric population. Recent reports of isolated complications have
      appeared in the literature. However, a realistic complication rate in a large
      series of patients has yet to be reported. This report relates the combined
      experience of the authors in a total of 4416 cases during the 11-year period from
      1971 to 1982. There were nine instances of complications, representing a
      complication rate of 0.2%. These complications provided a unique learning
      experience for the authors, and led to the establishment of certain basic
      principles that should be followed in all laser operations. This survey indicates
      that the CO2 laser is a safe, extremely useful surgical modality in the
      aerodigestive tract.

PMID- 6422411
TI  - Pharyngocutaneous fistula after laryngeal surgery: the role of the barium
      swallow.
AB  - Pharyngocutaneous fistula is one of the major complications following laryngeal
      surgery. Prior to 1979, patients undergoing laryngectomy at the University of
      Minnesota were not fed until 9 or 10 days postoperatively if unirradiated and 12
      to 14 days if irradiated. Most fistulas were apparent by 14 days postoperatively,
      but occasionally a patient would develop a fistula as late as a month
      postoperatively. Starting in 1979, in an attempt to decrease the length of
      hospitalization as well as prevent fistula formation, routine barium-swallow
      videoesophagograms were obtained 7 days postoperatively in all laryngectomy
      patients. If the results were considered normal, the nasogastric tube was removed
      and oral feedings were started. Of a total of 45 patients undergoing wide-field
      laryngectomy, there were three clinical fistulas and three radiologic fistulas.
      Following this protocol, we shortened the average postoperative hospitalization
      by 2 days without an increase in the rate of fistulization.

PMID- 6422412
TI  - Procedures for the selection of spastic dysphonia patients for recurrent
      laryngeal nerve section.
AB  - Patients with spastic dysphonia were studied to identify the characteristics of
      patients benefiting from recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) surgery. Studies
      included laryngeal video recordings made during speech, measures of frequency and
      amplitude variations during extended phonation, the effects of altered auditory
      feedback on dysfluencies, and temporary unilateral RLN block. Two patients had
      vocal fold adductor spasms during connected speech, had increased acoustic
      phonatory tremor in frequency, were not benefited by altered auditory feedback,
      and responded favorably to nerve block. Subsequent RLN section improved the
      speech of both patients. Other patients had speech blocks, repetitions and
      prolongations, vocal fold tremors during phonation, reduced dysfluencies during
      altered auditory feedback, and were not benefited by temporary nerve block. Two
      subtypes of spastic dysphonic patients are proposed.

PMID- 6422413
TI  - TORPs and PORPs in tympanoplasty: a review of 1042 operations.
AB  - We reviewed 1042 operations in which a Plasti-Pore prosthesis was used for
      reconstruction of the sound pressure transfer mechanism. In all cases cartilage
      was interposed between the prosthesis and the tympanic membrane or graft. The
      short-term hearing results for these cases are the same as for other techniques
      but the hearing is more stable in the long run. Other advantages of this
      technique are a reduced incidence of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma.
      Extrusion occurred in 7% of the cases but has become less frequent with recent
      refinements in technique. We intend to continue using Plasti-Pore prostheses in
      tympanoplasty.

PMID- 6422414
TI  - Ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects of combined treatment with cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum and kanamycin in the guinea pig.
AB  - Ototoxic and nephrotoxic potentiation with concomitant cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum, or cis-platinum II (CSP), and aminoglycoside therapy
      was investigated in the guinea pig. We evaluated possible potentiation of the
      toxic effects of CSP and kanamycin compared with CSP alone in the inner ear and
      kidney and quantitatively localized CSP in the cochlea with gamma emission
      analysis of 195mPt. Kanamycin-treated animals demonstrated cytocochleograms and
      ABR waveforms, absolute latencies, and interwave latencies for waves I, II, and
      III similar to control animals at our maximum level of acoustic stimulation. CSP
      treatment produced 60% to 70% mean outer hair cell (OHC) loss in the basal turn
      of the cochlea, a reduction in ABR waveform and amplitude, and an increase in
      latencies of ABR waves I, II, and III. Combined CSP and kanamycin treatment
      produced 90% to 100% mean OHC loss in all rows of the basal turn of the cochlea,
      with no discernible ABR waveform corresponding to the region stimulated by a 4500
      to 7000 Hz acoustic click. Combined treatment produced the most significant
      cortical medullary tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Furthermore, this
      study reports for the first time localization of platinum in the inner ear.

PMID- 6422415
TI  - Cochlear nucleus implants.

PMID- 6422416
TI  - Vestibular neurophysiology.

PMID- 6422417
TI  - New concepts of cerebellar control of eye movements.

PMID- 6422418
TI  - Cochleosacculotomy.

PMID- 6422419
TI  - Current status of surgery for Meniere's disease.

PMID- 6422420
TI  - Argon laser and soft tissue interaction.
AB  - The interaction of the argon laser with the mucous membrane of the upper
      aerodigestive tract was studied. The advantages of the argon laser are a small
      spot that can be varied in size and intensity, selective vascular absorption, the
      capability of being incorporated into a flexible delivery system, and a
      coincident aiming beam. The acute soft tissue effects are characterized by
      subepithelial extension, with a variable delayed reaction between the application
      of the laser and a detectable break in the epithelium. Postoperative edema
      persisted, with an increase in the lateral spread of the lesion over 3 days and
      an acute inflammatory reaction extending over 7 days. By 21 days the lesions were
      reepithelialized and healed, but their width was 30% greater than the original
      defect. The unpredictable interaction with soft tissue, the postoperative edema,
      and the quality of wound healing are disadvantages. The argon laser appears to
      have limited clinical potential as a surgical tool for the air and food passages.

PMID- 6422421
TI  - Selective absorption and control of thermal effects: a comparison of the laser
      systems used in otology and neurotology.

PMID- 6422422
TI  - Simultaneous use of CO2 laser with continuous monitoring of eighth cranial nerve
      action potential during acoustic neuroma surgery.

PMID- 6422423
TI  - Muscle transposition for facial reanimation: indications and results.

PMID- 6422424
TI  - Assessing recovery of facial function following acoustic neuroma surgery.

PMID- 6422425
TI  - Surgical treatment of skull-base malignancy.

PMID- 6422426
TI  - Assessment of the effectiveness of antipseudomonas biological management in the
      control of infection in burn patients.

PMID- 6422427
TI  - The use of gold therapy with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6422428
TI  - [Comparative multicenter study of 2 methods of determining sensitivity to
      antibiotics. Gel diffusion method and semiautomatic method in fluid ABAC medium].
AB  - Susceptibility of 60 bacterial isolates to 15 antibiotics was determined by two
      methods in three laboratories: 48 Gram negative bacilli and 12 Staphylococci were
      selected because of "intermediate" susceptibility to at least one antibiotic.
      Results show a good correlation between the two methods: more than 90% for
      carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, kanamycin, tobramycin,
      amikacin, erythromycin, pristinamycin and fusidic acid, between 80 and 90% for
      penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol,
      spiramycin and clindamycin, less than 80% for neomycin, tetracycline, minocycline
      and oleandomycin. Interpretation criteria are different in the two methods for
      rifampicin, colistin and cotrimoxazole. Between the three laboratories,
      correlation was 90,3% and 88,6% for disc diffusion method and ABAC system
      respectively.

PMID- 6422429
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulins and complement fractions in protein malnutrition].
AB  - Serum immunoglobulins and some complement components (C1q, C3c, C4, factor B, C9)
      have been evaluated in 99 malnourished patients. The sole abnormality which seems
      related to protein calorie malnutrition is a C1q decrease significantly
      correlated to serum albumin, thyroxin binding prealbumin and retinol binding
      protein. The immunoglobulins modifications seem to be related to pathological
      conditions associated with malnutrition (sepsis, liver diseases).

PMID- 6422430
TI  - [Gonococcal infections in Gabon (Haut-Ogooue)].
AB  - The isolation of N. gonorrhoeae in the region of Franceville was attempted on the
      one hand with 261 men and 261 women presenting urethral or cervical discharge,
      and on the other hand with 530 women attending a prenatal clinic of whom 42 had
      cervical discharge while 488 did not. Amongst the men, 69.7% of the urethritis
      cases were due to N. gonorrhoeae while this bacteria could be isolated from 15.3%
      of the women with cervical exudates. N. gonorrhoeae could be also identified in
      5.5% of the pregnant women of whom 79% were without exudate. The frequency of N.
      gonorrhoeae isolates from STD consultations was 440 cases per year per 100,000
      while the male: female ratio was 4.6. The isolation rate from pregnant women
      would indicate however a frequency in women in excess of 1 500 cases per 100,000.
      The isolation of N. gonorrhoeae was tabulated according to the age of the
      patients. The 15-20 year group was clearly the most frequently infected.
      Trichomonas was observed in 2% of the men and 23% of the women with discharges.
      Yeasts (chiefly Candida albicans) were found in 23.5% of the women but in none of
      the men.

PMID- 6422431
TI  - Studies of pulmonary prostaglandin biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes as factors
      in ductus arteriosus patency and closure. Evidence for a shift in products with
      gestational age.
AB  - The mechanisms underlying patency of the ductus arteriosus in utero and closure
      shortly after birth should permit optimal regulation of this important
      physiologic process. Although many studies indicate that vasodilatory
      prostaglandins contribute to patency, the contribution of the prostaglandin or
      prostanoid pathways to the closure mechanism has been less evident. The present
      studies tested a hypothesis which relates products of the cyclooxygenase pathway
      to modulation of ductal caliber. We began by defining the prostaglandin
      biosynthetic and catabolic activities of isolated fetal and neonatal lung as a
      function of gestational age. Inasmuch as biosynthetic enzymes compete for the
      same substrate, namely PGH2, the competitiveness of the enzymes was explored by
      varying endoperoxide concentration. The results indicate that the types and
      quantities of products formed by lung tissue are dependent markedly on both
      gestational age and substrate concentration. Cyclooxygenase activity was
      relatively constant through term, but increased sharply in neonatal lung tissue
      Although PHG2-PGE2 isomerase activity was high throughout gestation, prostacyclin
      synthase activity was only moderate and age-invariant after 130 d gestation. Lung
      thromboxane synthase activity increased markedly at 144 d gestation and in the
      neonatal lung. Catabolic activity (represented by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenase) was relatively high up to 130 d, became sharply minimal at term
      but increased in activity rapidly in the neonatal lung. These findings support
      the concept of a "balance" between dilatory and constrictor products of the
      cyclooxygenase pathway as one determinant of both patency of the ductus
      arteriosus and closure at birth or after administration of prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitors.

PMID- 6422432
TI  - Liquid ventilation: effects on pulmonary function in distressed meconium-stained
      lambs.
AB  - Seven lambs (0.93 term gestation) were delivered by cesarean section with
      evidence of meconium in the amniotic fluid, meconium staining, and respiratory
      distress. The initial arterial blood gas and acid-base status indicated severe
      hypoxemia and acidosis. Three of these lambs developed pneumothoraces and died on
      control gas ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure. During the control
      period (90 min) with ventilatory support, there were no significant alterations
      in mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A
      aDO2). The initial hypercarbia and acidosis were effectively controlled and
      corrected using mechanical ventilation and bicarbonate infusion. Fifteen min
      after the onset of fluorocarbon ventilation mean PaO2 significantly increased and
      A-aDo2 decreased. After 90 min of fluorocarbon ventilation, lambs were returned
      to gas ventilation. During this recovery period, PaO2 and A-aDo2 remained
      significantly improved compared with control gas values. Dynamic lung compliance
      increased, alveolar and peak tracheal pressure decreased and inspiratory elastic
      work of breathing decreased during liquid ventilation.

PMID- 6422433
TI  - Plasma and red blood cell fatty acid composition in children with protein-calorie
      malnutrition.
AB  - Plasma and red cell fatty acids were measured in 44 children with third degree
      malnutrition: 22 children with marasmus, 11 children with kwashiorkor, and 11
      with marasmic kwashiorkor (MK). The presence of edema, dermatosis, hair changes,
      and hypoalbuminemia were positively correlated with the red cell percentage
      linoleic acid and negatively correlated with red cell percentage arachidonic
      acid. Red cell percentage linoleic acid in kwashiorkor was decreased from the
      control value of 15.3% to 10.9%. In marasmus and MK, there were significantly
      greater decreases, to 7.7% and 8.0%, respectively. Red cell arachidonic acid in
      kwashiorkor was significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased to 9.8% (control
      value of 13.1%) whereas in marasmus there was no significant change. Only one
      sample, plasma from an infant with marasmus, had any detectable eicosatrienoic
      acid (20:3,omega 9). Similar changes in fatty acid composition have been reported
      in infants with acrodermatitis enteropathica, in an infant with biotin
      deficiency, and in biotin-deficient rats.

PMID- 6422434
TI  - Complementation, cross correction, and drug correction studies of combined beta
      galactosidase neuraminidase deficiency in human fibroblasts.
AB  - Neuraminidase activity in fibroblasts obtained from a patient with combined beta
      galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency (beta-gal-/neur-) was partially restored
      by fusion with two ML I cell lines and an ML II cell line. As observed with
      neuraminidase activity, beta-galactosidase also showed complementation with an
      increase in activity when beta-gal-/neur- fibroblasts were fused with an ML II or
      a GMI gangliosidosis cell line. Both GMI gangliosidosis and sialidosis
      fibroblasts secreted a "corrective factor" which, when added to medium above beta
      gal-/neur- fibroblasts, was pinocytosed and partially corrected its deficiencies
      for these two enzymes. This partial correction of beta-galactosidase and
      neuraminidase activities persisted for at least 72 h after removal of the
      "corrective factor" from the medium. A "corrective factor" with similar
      properties was obtained from glycoproteins isolated by chromatography of human
      spleen homogenates on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Treatment of beta-gal-/neur-
      fibroblasts with leupeptin or EP475, two inhibitors of lysosomal thiol-proteases,
      partially restored beta-galactosidase activity but caused no significant
      improvement in neuraminidase levels. The partial corrective effect of leupeptin
      on beta-galactosidase activity persisted for at least 2 d after removal of the
      drug, even in the presence of cycloheximide.

PMID- 6422435
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on neurohypophyseal hormone release in fetal and maternal
      sheep.
AB  - The effect of hypoxemia on arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) release
      was investigated in the chronically catheterized fetus and ewe. During 30 min of
      10% maternal oxygen delivery, mean (+/- SEM) arterial PO2 decreased from 105 +/-
      10.6 to 48 +/- 3.5 mm Hg in the ewe and from 21 +/- 1.3 to 12 +/- 0.8 mm Hg in
      the fetus (each P less than 0.001). Arterial PCO2 decreased from 35 +/- 4.4 to 29
      +/- 1.0 mm Hg in the ewe, whereas fetal PCO2 decreased from 43 +/- 2.3 to 35 +/-
      3.5 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). Blood pH increased from 7.44 +/- 0.03 to 7.56 +/-
      0.04 in the ewe (P less than 0.01) and from 7.36 +/- 0.004 to 7.40 +/- 0.006 in
      the fetuses (P less than 0.01). Baseline mean AVP levels were identical in ewes
      and fetuses (0.7 +/- 0.1 microU/ml). After 30 min of hypoxia, plasma AVP levels
      remained unchanged in the ewes (0.9 +/- 0.1), but increased dramatically in the
      fetuses (47 +/- 21 microU/ml) (P less than 0.001). There was a highly significant
      correlation between the duration of hypoxia and log fetal AVP concentrations (r =
      0.85). The log fetal plasma AVP also was inversely correlated to the log fetal
      PO2 values (r = 0.83). Mean baseline fetal and maternal plasma OT levels were 2.6
      +/- 0.5 microU/ml and 2.2 +/- 0.5 microU/ml, respectively. After 30 min of
      hypoxia fetal and maternal OT values were 2.9 +/- 0.8 microU/ml (not
      significant).

PMID- 6422436
TI  - [Usefulness of the morphological study of hair for evaluation of the degree of
      malnutrition in children with malabsorption syndromes].

PMID- 6422437
TI  - [Results of intermittent treatment of tuberculosis and Mycobacteria shedding in
      children].

PMID- 6422438
TI  - Cardiac perforation from central venous catheters: survival after cardiac
      tamponade in an infant.
AB  - A 2,210-g infant suffered cardiac tamponade, which resulted from atrial
      perforation by a central venous catheter. The infant survived due to timely
      diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Cardiac tamponade should be suspected in
      any patient with a central venous catheter whose condition deteriorates suddenly.
      Immediate chest roentgenogram and echocardiogram may be performed to support the
      diagnosis; but when the patient's condition is deteriorating, a diagnostic (and
      therapeutic as well!) pericardiocentesis should be performed without waiting for
      other diagnostic measures. A review of clinical recognition and diagnostic
      measures for cardiac perforation and tamponade is presented. Preventive measures
      to avoid this fatal complication of central venous catheters are suggested, and
      therapeutic interventions are outlined.

PMID- 6422439
TI  - [Characteristics of HLA phenotype in children with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6422440
TI  - Lithium carbonate in the management of intractable congestive heart failure.
AB  - Lithium carbonate was administered to 11 patients with advanced congestive heart
      failure resistant to the usual forms of therapy. Abundant diuresis, consecutive
      regression of oedema, loss of weight and clinical improvement ensued in response
      to lithium therapy. Doses ensuring a serum level of 0.5 to 1.0 mmol/l are
      regarded as optimal in heart disease. Within this range lithium produces no
      clinical or ECG signs of cardiotoxicity, provided the serum Na and K levels
      remain normal. The side-effects observed are reported in detail and attention is
      drawn to the necessity of follow-up and especially of checking the serum lithium
      level.

PMID- 6422441
TI  - The small intestinal mucosal biopsy in childhood.

PMID- 6422442
TI  - [Generalization of treatment schedules in high dose intracavity radiotherapy of
      cervix neoplasms].

PMID- 6422443
TI  - [Direct and indirect parameters for free thyroxine. II. Diagnostic accuracy in
      disorders of thyroid function and binding protein anomalies].
AB  - Part II of the study concerning the clinical applicability of direct and indirect
      parameters for free thyroxine evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the FT4-RIAs
      ImmoPhase, GammaCoat, Liquisol, Amerlex and LisoPhase in relation to FT4 index
      and T4/TBG ratio. This comparison of methods is done on a thoroughly classified
      collection (n = 640) of patients with normal and impaired thyroid function
      including patients with binding protein anomalies (pregnancy, estrogen
      medication, phenytoin therapy, renal protein loss). FT4 normal ranges of a given
      kit harmonize well with data of the manufacturers and of the literature. On the
      other hand, the normal ranges of the various kits are not comparable. The
      differentiation of euthyroidism from hyper- or hypothyroidism can be made without
      problems using any of these methods, with the exception of the FT4-RIA GammaCoat.
      As expected, patients with euthyroid goiter show, on the average, slightly lower
      parameters for FT4. In pregnancy all direct and indirect parameters for FT4 have
      a tendency to lower values after the first trimester. This trend is most distinct
      for the T4/TBG ratio. A weak negative correlation of FT4 parameters with basal
      TSH, which does not exceed the upper normal range, however, can be interpreted in
      the sense of a relative hypothyroxinemia. Under contraceptive estrogen medication
      FT4 parameters do not fall outside the normal range, with the exception of the
      FT4-RIA ImmoPhase assay which yields a significantly increased frequency of high
      FT4 levels. On therapy with phenytoin FT4 values are generally lower than in
      controls. FT4 parameters in patients with renal protein loss of more than 2 g
      daily do not behave uniformly. While three of the FT4-RIAs tested (ImmoPhase,
      GammaCoat, Amerlex) show a tendency to lower values, the results of the remaining
      FT4 parameters do not differ significantly from the distribution of normals. The
      study leads to the conclusion that indirect FT4 parameters are still useful in
      the diagnosis of thyroid function; currently available FT4 radioimmunoassays may
      yield comparable results. With regard to the varying quality of the various
      commercial test kits, the choice between FT4-RIAs and indirect FT4 parameters
      does not depend primarily on clinical but on technical viewpoints.

PMID- 6422444
TI  - Collaborative nursing research: anatomy of a successful consortium.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe the collaborative efforts of one
      successful research group. The Tube Feed Consortium Group was composed of seven
      investigators who lived in four different geographic locations. One of the
      members served as principal investigator and chairman of the group; the others as
      coinvestigators. A coinvestigator served as principal investigator in each
      location, managing subcontracted budgets and scientific concerns. This structure
      promoted efficiency in budget management, conflict management, and division of
      labor. Major advantages to this approach to the conduct of research included (a)
      a large number of subjects studied in a relatively short time period; (b) a data
      collection structure, which permitted wider generalization than data collected in
      one institution by one investigator; (c) a mechanism for direct replication and
      replication with expansion; (d) maximum usage and distribution of resources
      between investigators. Mechanisms established early in the history of the group
      helped to achieve maximum communication, resolve potential conflicts, ensure
      reliability of data, ensure publication and presentation rights of collaborators,
      and manage the overall budget and subcontracts. The group remained intact for
      eight years, completed all the proposed studies plus other related studies,
      presented numerous papers, and continues to publish findings of these endeavors.

PMID- 6422445
TI  - Using the nursing process in treating inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6422446
TI  - Care of the patient critically ill with inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The nurse is instrumental in providing and coordinating the complex care of the
      patient critically ill with inflammatory bowel disease. Knowledge of the disease
      process and its complications provides the nurse a foundation for understanding
      the clinical course of the disease and for planning patient care. Management of
      alterations in nutritional status, wound healing, and fluid and electrolyte
      balance ensure an optimal recovery trajectory.

PMID- 6422447
TI  - Retardation of experimental oral cancer development by retinyl acetate.
AB  - Sixty young adult Syrian hamsters were divided into five groups. Group 1 and
      Group 2 animals were treated with 0.25% dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), painted
      on their left buccal pouches thrice weekly for 20 weeks. Starting at 12 weeks, at
      which time there was clinical evidence of leukoplakia and initial tumor
      formation, Group 2 animals received 10 mg retinyl acetate 3 times/week in a 5%
      solution in peanut oil, while Group 1 animals received only peanut oil. Two
      animals in Group 1 and two animals in Group 2 were sacrificed weekly from week 12
      to week 20. Left buccal pouches were examined, tumors were counted, and tumor
      size was measured. Group 3 animals were untreated controls, Group 4 animals were
      retinyl acetate controls, and Group 5 animals received only peanut oil. It was
      found that DMBA-treated animals receiving retinyl acetate from week 12 to week 20
      developed fewer tumors, and their average tumor size was less than that in DMBA
      treated animals not receiving retinyl acetate. It appears that retinyl acetate,
      administered systemically, can retard tumor development even after leukoplakia
      has been established and tumors have begun to develop.

PMID- 6422448
TI  - Why another anti-Parkinson drug?

PMID- 6422449
TI  - Evaluation of bupropion hydrochloride: the first of a new class of atypical
      antidepressants.
AB  - Bupropion hydrochloride is a new antidepressant that differs clinically and
      pharmacologically from the tricyclic antidepressants and the monoamine oxidase
      inhibitors. Pharmacokinetically, bupropion is an intermediate-lived drug with a
      half-life of about 12 hours. Its antidepressant activity in man has been
      demonstrated in double-blind, placebo and active drug-controlled studies. Onset
      of antidepressant action occurs in one to three weeks. Bupropion has a greater
      effect on the neuronal reuptake of dopamine than of other biogenic amines. At a
      recommended dose of 450-600 mg/day, the side effect profile of bupropion also
      distinguishes it from other antidepressants. It does not bind to cholinergic
      receptors in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations and does not produce
      appreciable autonomic side effects. The exception is dry mouth, which is reported
      in 13% of patients. The mechanism underlying this effect is unclear. Bupropion is
      devoid of cardiovascular effects (e.g., impaired intracardiac conduction, reduced
      myocardial contractility, decreased peripheral resistance, orthostatic
      hypotension) in both human and animal studies. The drug is nonsedating and
      antagonizes the effects of commonly used sedatives, such as alcohol and diazepam.
      It does not produce weight gain. In susceptible patients, activating effects can
      occur. Given this profile, bupropion should be less toxic than conventional
      antidepressants when taken in overdoses; however overdose experience with the
      drug is limited.

PMID- 6422450
TI  - Effectiveness of Ectiban, egg oil, Rabon, or Sevin for control of northern fowl
      mites on laying hens.
AB  - Two field trials were conducted on different ranches to compare acaricides for
      control of northern fowl mite (NFM) on White Leghorn hens. In Trial 1 Ectiban
      spray and dust treatments were compared to Rabon and Sevin spray-treatments; egg
      oil, Rabon, and Sevin sprays were tested in Trial 2. Concentration and rates of
      application followed label recommendations for the registered compounds. In Trial
      1 Ectiban spray gave excellent NFM control; Ectiban dust, Rabon, and Sevin spray
      treatments resulted in poor NFM control. Egg oil and Rabon sprays gave effective
      NFM control in Trial 2. Sevin, as in Trial 1, gave poor NFM control. The failure
      of Sevin to control mites both times suggests the possibility of NFM resistance
      to this chemical.

PMID- 6422451
TI  - The amino acid requirements of growing turkeys. 2. Experimental validation of
      model-calculated requirements for sulfur amino acids and lysine.
AB  - The response to protein and the requirements for sulfur amino acids and lysine
      have been evaluated in male turkeys throughout the growth period as an
      experimental validation of model-calculated requirements (Hurwitz et al., 1983).
      The sulfur amino acid requirements were 3.4 and 3.1 mg/kcal for 1- and 5-week-old
      turkeys, respectively. The requirements for lysine were 4.8, 2.7, and 2.2 mg/kcal
      for 1-, 12-, and 16-week-old turkeys, respectively, which were in close agreement
      with the model predictions. Dietary protein in diets calculated on the basis of
      the model was sufficient to maintain maximal growth and feed efficiency. The
      results were the basis for accepting the general validity of the model-calculated
      requirements (Hurwitz et al., 1983).

PMID- 6422452
TI  - Blood ionic calcium response to hypocalcemia in the chicken induced by
      ethyleneglycol-bis-(B-aminoethylether) -N,N'-tetraacetic acid: role of the
      parathyroids.
AB  - Eight groups of cockerels were used to test an ethyleneglycol-bis-(B
      aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) challenge as a possible means for
      estimating parathyroid function and responsiveness in birds. Intravenous
      injections of EGTA significantly depressed blood ionic calcium concentrations
      (hypocalcemia), and the recovery from this hypocalcemia was dependent upon the
      presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, it also was demonstrated that a
      surge of PTH is not necessary for recovery from the EGTA-induced hypocalcemia.
      Therefore, in the bird, the EGTA challenge is a test of the ability of PTH target
      tissues (bone or soft tissues) to buffer ionic calcium in the blood. The EGTA
      challenge is not a quantitative means of testing parathyroid gland function or
      responsiveness.

PMID- 6422453
TI  - Blood ionic calcium responses of hens from thick-shell and thin-shell lines to
      ethyleneglycol-bis-(B-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid injections.
AB  - Experiments were conducted on laying and nonlaying hens from genetically selected
      lines that produce thick (TK) or thin (TN) eggshells. At 44 weeks of age, TK
      layers exhibited significantly higher total plasma calcium concentrations than TN
      layers. Total plasma calcium concentrations were not significantly different
      between TK and TN layers at 80 weeks of age, reflecting an effect of aging on
      total plasma calcium. Intravenous injections of ethyleneglycol-bis-(B
      aminoethylether-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) were administered to TK and TN
      layers at 44 weeks of age and to TK and TN layers and nonlayers at 80 weeks of
      age. EGTA is a calcium chelating agent that creates hypocalcemia when injected
      intravenously. Laying hens of both lines and at both ages exhibited a similar
      degree of hypocalcemia during EGTA injections, and a similar rate of recovery to
      normocalcemia was noted after cessation of EGTA administration. Nonlayers were
      unable to recover from the EGTA-induced hypocalcemia. Because the pattern of
      calcium depression and recovery during and after the EGTA challenge has been
      shown to be associated with the capacity of parathyroid hormone-sensitive target
      tissues to buffer blood ionized calcium, it was concluded that the capacity to
      buffer ionized calcium by these target tissues is similar in TK and TN layers.
      However, nonlayers have a restricted capacity to buffer blood ionic calcium.

PMID- 6422454
TI  - Residues of carbaryl and two of its metabolites in eggs of laying hens treated
      with Sevin for northern fowl mite control by dipping.
AB  - White Leghorn laying hens were treated with carbaryl [Sevin, 1-naphthyl-N
      methylcarbamate] by dipping in a .5 or 1.0% (active ingredient) water suspension
      of an 80% commercially available wettable powder formulation. Residues of
      carbaryl and two of its metabolites, 1-naphthol and N-hydroxymethyl carbaryl,
      were detected in eggs within 1 day and reached maximum levels 5 to 7 days after
      dipping. After that time residues steadily declined but were still detectable 56
      days posttreatment in the eggs of the high-dose hens. At no time during the study
      did total residues in eggs exceed the current .5 ppm egg tolerance for carbaryl
      and its metabolites.

PMID- 6422455
TI  - [Method of determining the activity of beta-galactosidase with lactose as
      substrate].
AB  - A method for estimating beta-galactosidase activity (beta-D-galactosidase
      galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) with lactose as substrate was developed. The
      glucose formed as a result of lactose hydrolysis was determined by glucoseoxidase
      method with potassium ferrocyanide as a substrate-dye. The method is convenient,
      simple and reproducible, as well as gives an opportunity to characterize the
      enzyme due to its ability to hydrolyze lactose that is of great value when
      putting the enzyme into practice.

PMID- 6422456
TI  - [Transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by Aspergillus niger 15 beta-xylosidase].
AB  - The products of transglycosylation formed as a result of action of beta
      xylosidase from Aspergillus niger 15 on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and
      p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside were studied by means of chromatography on
      sephadexes. They are formed at the substrate concentration of 10--100 mM with the
      amount 7--10 times less than that of hydrolysis products. Peculiarities of
      chromatography of substrates, products of transglycosylation and p-nitrophenol on
      Sephadexes G-15 and G-25 were analysed.

PMID- 6422457
TI  - [Conditions for immobilizing protosubtilin on aluminum oxide using transitional
      metal ions].
AB  - The effect of the degree of the carrier activation by titanium tetrachloride,
      type of buffer solution, and protein concentration on characteristics of
      protosubtiline G10x immobilized on alumina was studied. X-ray phase analysis and
      IR spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure of the carrier and its
      changes during activation. To obtain the immobilized enzyme preparation with the
      maximum activity, immobilization should be carried out in 0.02 M Ca-acetate
      buffer on alumina treated with 2% solution of titanium tetrachloride.

PMID- 6422458
TI  - [Cyanide-resistant oxygen consumption of the lysine-synthesizing bacteria
      Brevibacterium flavum 22 LD].
AB  - The growth of the culture and biosynthesis of lysin were studied in
      Brevibacterium flavum 22 LD cultivated in a chemostat. During cultivation the
      flow rate of the medium and the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the
      medium were varied. The maximum yield of lysine, calculated in respect to the
      sucrose consumed, (Yp = g lysine . HCl/g sucrose) was registered when cyanide
      resistant oxygen consumption was the least. A change of the cultivation
      conditions provoked a decrease of Yp value and a simultaneous increase in cyanide
      resistant respiration. Possible reasons of the phenomena observed are discussed.

PMID- 6422459
TI  - [Pathogenetic drugs in the treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in
      adolescents and adults].

PMID- 6422460
TI  - [Intracellular activity of Mycobacteria in patients with recurrent pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6422461
TI  - The current clinical and ethical situation of human conception in vitro.

PMID- 6422462
TI  - Quantitation of aflatoxin B1 adduction within the ribosomal RNA gene sequences of
      rat liver DNA.
AB  - The in vivo formation of covalent aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts within the rRNA
      gene sequences of nuclear DNA has been studied in AFB1-treated rats. Liver
      nuclear DNA, enriched in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) by one round of cesium salt density
      gradient centrifugation, was treated under buffered alkaline conditions to
      convert unstable AFB1-N7-guanine adducts to stable AFB1-formamidopyrimidine
      derivatives. The alkali-treated DNA was hybridized to 18S and 28S rRNA in 70%
      formamide buffer to form rRNA X rDNA hybrids. These hybrids were separated from
      the bulk of nuclear DNA by two rounds of centrifugation in CsCl, and the level of
      AFB1 adduction to rDNA versus total nuclear DNA was compared as a function of
      dose 2 hr after AFB1 administration. Over an 8-fold dose range (0.25-2.0 mg of
      AFB1 per kg of body weight), rDNA contained 4- to 5-fold more AFB1 residues than
      nuclear DNA, indicating that rDNA is preferentially accessible to carcinogen
      modification in vivo. While aflatoxin B1 forms adducts with DNA principally at
      guanine residues, the guanine enrichment of rDNA was insufficient to explain the
      magnitude of observed preferential AFB1 modification of rDNA. These results
      support the hypothesis that rDNA regions are preferentially accessible to
      carcinogen modification because of the diffuse conformation maintained within
      transcribed genes. This experimental approach permits the quantitative
      description of carcinogen modification within a defined gene sequence; further
      refinement of this approach may be useful in defining the precise relationships
      between covalent chemical-DNA interactions and the alterations in gene expression
      that result.

PMID- 6422463
TI  - Major coat protein and single-stranded DNA-binding protein of filamentous virus
      Pf3.
AB  - The region of the Pf3 virus genome encoding its major coat protein and its single
      stranded DNA-binding protein is organized somewhat like the corresponding region
      of the fd (M13, f1) genome. Nevertheless, the major coat protein is unique among
      the major coat proteins of fd and the other filamentous phages studied in that it
      lacks a signal sequence and appears to be a direct translation product and in
      that it has fewer basic amino acid residues than its equivalent of DNA phosphates
      in the virion. These features are relevant to considerations of both protein
      insertion into membranes and DNA structure in filamentous viruses. The single
      stranded DNA-binding protein also has a sequence that is different from the
      sequences of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins from other filamentous viruses.

PMID- 6422464
TI  - Receptor-mediated activation of a phospholipase A2 in rabbit neutrophil plasma
      membrane.
AB  - Using the exogenous substrate [1-14C]oleate-labeled autoclaved Escherichia coli,
      we have demonstrated that the chemotactic factors fMet-Leu-Phe, complement
      component C5a, and leukotriene B4 [(5S,12R)-dihydroxy-6-cis,8-trans,11-trans,14
      cis-icosatetraenoic acid] stimulate a phospholipase A2 of isolated plasma
      membranes of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Each of the chemotactic factors shows
      a biphasic concentration dependence with the optimal concentrations occurring at
      1, 10, and 0.1 nM, respectively. The specific antagonists of fMet-Leu-Phe
      binding, carbobenzoxy-Phe-Met and t-butoxycarbonyl-Phe-Leu-Phe, effectively block
      the stimulation by fMet-Leu-Phe, indicating that the activation is receptor
      mediated. delta 6-trans-leukotriene [(5S-12R)-dihydroxy-all-trans-6,8,10,14
      icosatetraenoic acid], a biologically inactive stereoisomer of leukotriene B4,
      does not stimulate phospholipase activity, suggesting that the enhancement by
      leukotriene B4 is also receptor mediated. The unstimulated and activated
      phospholipase exhibit a broad range of maximal activity between pH 7.0 and pH
      8.5, both with an optimal pH of 8.5. The activation of the phospholipase by fMet
      Leu-Phe is completely calcium dependent; no increase in activity is demonstrable
      if fMet-Leu-Phe is added in the absence of exogenous calcium or in the presence
      of EGTA. In contrast, the unstimulated plasma membrane activity of the
      phospholipase, as well as the activity arising after stimulation, is relatively
      insensitive to the concentration of calcium, being inhibited by less than 50% in
      the presence of 10 mM EGTA. The phospholipase hydrolyzes 1-[1-14C]palmitoyl-2
      acyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine to form only radioactive
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine as the product, indicating that the enzyme has an A2
      specificity.

PMID- 6422465
TI  - Interferon gamma blocks the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in human fibroblasts by
      inducing the host cells to degrade tryptophan.
AB  - Treatment of human fibroblasts with human recombinant gamma interferon blocked
      the growth of Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite.
      Growth of the parasite was measured by a plaque assay 7 days after infection or
      by the incorporation of [3H]uracil 1 or 2 days after infection. The
      antitoxoplasma activity induced in the host cells by gamma interferon was
      strongly dependent upon the tryptophan concentration of the medium. Progressively
      higher minimal inhibitory concentrations of gamma interferon were observed as the
      tryptophan concentration in the culture medium was increased. Treatment with
      gamma interferon did not make the cells impermeable to tryptophan. The kinetics
      of [3H]tryptophan uptake into the acid-soluble pools of control and gamma
      interferon-treated cultures were identical during the first 48 sec. Thereafter
      uptake of [3H]tryptophan into the acid-soluble pool of control fibroblasts
      reached the expected plateau after 96 sec. In contrast, uptake of [3H]tryptophan
      continued for at least 12 min in the gamma interferon-treated cultures. At that
      time, the acid-soluble pool of the gamma interferon-treated cultures contained 8
      times the radioactivity of the control cultures. This continued accumulation was
      the result of rapid intracellular degradation of [3H]tryptophan into kynurenine
      and N-formylkynurenine that leaked slowly from the cells. These two metabolites
      were also recovered from the medium of cultures treated for 1 or 2 days with
      gamma interferon. Human recombinant alpha and beta interferons, which have no
      antitoxoplasma activity, did not induce any detectable degradation of tryptophan.
      Several hypotheses are presented to explain how the intracellular degradation of
      tryptophan induced by gamma interferon could restrict the growth of an obligate
      intracellular parasite.

PMID- 6422466
TI  - On the use of sequence homologies to predict protein structure: identical
      pentapeptides can have completely different conformations.
AB  - The search for amino acid sequence homologies can be a powerful tool for
      predicting protein structure. Discovered sequence homologies are currently used
      in predicting the function of oncogene proteins. To sharpen this tool, we
      investigated the structural significance of short sequence homologies by
      searching proteins of known three-dimensional structure for subsequence
      identities. In 62 proteins with 10,000 residues, we found that the longest
      isolated homologies between unrelated proteins are five residues long. In 6 (out
      of 25) cases we saw surprising structural adaptability: the same five residues
      are part of an alpha-helix in one protein and part of a beta-strand in another
      protein. These examples show quantitatively that pentapeptide structure within a
      protein is strongly dependent on sequence context, a fact essentially ignored in
      most protein structure prediction methods: just considering the local sequence of
      five residues is not sufficient to predict correctly the local conformation
      (secondary structure). Cooperativity of length six or longer must be taken into
      account. Also, we are warned that in the growing practice of comparing a new
      protein sequence with a data base of known sequences, finding an identical
      pentapeptide sequence between two proteins is not a significant indication of
      structural similarity or of evolutionary kinship.

PMID- 6422467
TI  - Hemizygous interstitial deletion of chromosome 15 (band D) in three translocation
      negative murine plasmacytomas.
AB  - Three murine plasmacytomas that were exceptional in lacking the characteristic
      (12;15) or (6;15) translocations were studied by G banding and high-resolution
      banding. One of every two chromosomes 15 (two of four in tetraploid tumors) was
      shortened in all three tumors. High-resolution banding analysis revealed that
      this was due to an interstitial deletion in the 15D band region. The two breaks
      responsible for the deletion have been tentatively localized to the interface of
      bands D2/3' and within band D2. One of the three plasmacytomas, ABPC45, had a
      rearranged c-myc gene. All three tumors contained a greater abundance of 2.4
      kilobase myc RNA transcripts than normal spleen or thymus. The c-myc gene is
      located in the 15 D2/3 band region. We suggest that it may have joined the
      centromeric portion in the deletion plasmacytomas. This transposition may have
      led to its constitutive activation, as in the more frequent translocation
      carrying plasmacytomas.

PMID- 6422468
TI  - Regional assignment of the structural gene for human alpha-L-iduronidase.
AB  - The structural gene encoding human alpha-L-iduronidase has been assigned to
      chromosome 22 by using immunologic, electrophoretic, and somatic cell
      hybridization techniques. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against purified
      human low-uptake alpha-L-iduronidase were used to discriminate the human and
      murine isozymes by a sensitive immuno-precipitation assay. The human chromosome
      constitution of each clone was determined by cytogenetic and enzyme marker
      electrophoretic techniques. In 65 human (fibroblast)-mouse (RAG) somatic cell
      hybrids (from four independent fusions), the expression of human alpha-L
      iduronidase was 100% concordant with the presence of human chromosome 22; the
      assignment was confirmed by the demonstration of the human enzyme in tertiary
      somatic cell hybrids containing only chromosome 22. Further verification of the
      gene assignment was made by detection of the human enzyme in tertiary chromosome
      22 positive hybrids by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and rocket
      immunoelectrophoretic experiments with polyclonal anti-human alpha-L-iduronidase
      antibodies that were monospecific for the human enzyme. Expression of human
      enzymatic activity in chromosome 22 positive hybrid lines was markedly reduced;
      for example, a tertiary hybrid (R-G21-J-15), which contained an average of 1.7
      chromosome 22s per cell, only had about 15% of the activity detected in normal
      diploid fibroblasts. Immunologic studies suggested that the reduced expression
      was due to abnormal post-translational processing or aggregation (or both) of the
      human and murine isozymes in these hybrids. Regional assignment of the human
      structural gene to 22pter----q11 was accomplished by gene dosage studies using
      diploid human fibroblast lines that were partially monosomic or trisomic for
      chromosome 22.

PMID- 6422469
TI  - Fibroblasts from patients with hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma are
      abnormally sensitive to the mutagenic effect of simulated sunlight and 4
      nitroquinoline 1-oxide.
AB  - Because of a possible etiologic link between mutations and carcinogenesis, we
      compared fibroblasts derived from skin biopsies of several patients with
      hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma and the dysplastic nevus syndrome for
      sensitivity to the mutagenic and/or cytotoxic effect of broad-spectrum simulated
      sunlight and of a UV mimetic carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). The
      genetic marker was resistance to 6-thioguanine; loss of colony-forming ability
      was the assay for cytotoxicity. All five strains tested were more sensitive than
      normal to the killing effect of 4NQO (slopes of survival curves were 2- to 3-fold
      steeper), but only one strain was hypersensitive to killing by Sun Lamp
      radiation. Two strains were tested for mutagenicity. The response of each to the
      mutagenic action of these agents corresponded to its response to cell killing.
      Both strains were hypermutable after exposure to 4NQO, but only one showed a
      higher than normal frequency of mutants induced by simulated sunlight. The
      finding that nonmalignant fibroblasts from patients with a hereditary variant of
      malignant melanoma are abnormally susceptible to carcinogen-induced mutations
      suggests that hypersensitivity to mutagens contributes to risk of melanoma in
      patients. It also supports the somatic cell mutation hypothesis for the origin of
      cancer.

PMID- 6422470
TI  - Distinct mechanisms may account for the growth-promoting activity of interleukin
      3 on cells of lymphoid and myeloid origin.
AB  - We have investigated whether interleukin 3 (IL-3) supports the growth of cells of
      different lineages by the same mechanism(s). The experiments were carried out
      with Ea3 cells, a mouse pre-B cell line, and S-480-3 cells, a mouse basophil cell
      line, both of which are totally IL-3 dependent. We found that Ea3 lymphocytes but
      not S-480-3 basophils absorb partially purified IL-3. Both Ea3 and S-480-3 cells
      respond to IL-3 by increasing anaerobic glycolysis as determined by lactic acid
      production. S-480-3 cells responded to exogenous ATP by maintaining proliferation
      and reducing lactic acid production, but Ea3 lymphocytes are refractory to
      exogenous ATP. We conclude that there may be two distinct mechanisms by which
      cells respond to IL-3, indicated by early events concerning the binding of IL-3
      and the effect of exogenous ATP on respiratory metabolism. One appears to be a
      ligand-receptor-mediated mechanism in lymphoid cells and the other to be a
      mechanism that is partially replaceable by exogenous ATP in nonlymphoid cells not
      associated with lymphoid-like receptors. Our findings may explain (i) the
      apparent variety of cell lineages promoted by IL-3 by a widely available
      mechanism that supports glycolysis and, therefore, enables both proliferation and
      possibly expression of binding sites for lineage specific differentiation factors
      and (ii) the existence of lymphocytes that express receptors specific for IL-3
      and are inducible for other characteristics and functions in a regulated manner.

PMID- 6422471
TI  - Temperature dependence of the resonance Raman spectra of plastocyanin and azurin
      between cryogenic and ambient conditions.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectra of spinach plastocyanin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin
      were studied as a function of temperature between 10 K and 300 K. The spectra are
      markedly improved both in signal/noise ratio and in resolution at low
      temperatures. The assignments of the resonance Raman-active vibrations are
      reinterpreted in view of the number and intensities of peaks observed in the low
      temperature spectra. Features appear in the low-temperature spectra of azurin
      that may be due to copper-bound methionine. The plastocyanin spectra undergo a
      transition between 220 K and the melting point of water that results in
      dramatically narrowed peaks at lower temperature and a shift in the carbon-sulfur
      stretching frequency of the copper-bound cysteine, suggesting a structural change
      in the active site and an accompanying effect on vibrational dephasing.
      Considering that the structures and nonvibrational spectroscopies of these two
      proteins are similar, the substantial differences in the resonance Raman spectra
      are striking and significant.

PMID- 6422472
TI  - Delta infection in man: ultrastructural observations.

PMID- 6422473
TI  - Evidence for non-A, non-B viruses.

PMID- 6422474
TI  - Experimental transmission of the delta agent to chimpanzees.

PMID- 6422475
TI  - Tissue selectivity and variability of effects of acetaminophen on arachidonic
      acid metabolism.
AB  - Acetaminophen has variable effects on prostaglandin synthesis depending on the
      tissue preparation used. The present study was designed to determine the effects
      of acetaminophen on arachidonic acid metabolism in different tissues
      simultaneously removed from the same animals treated with the compound. The ex
      vivo conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid into 14C-prostaglandins was monitored in
      homogenates or slices of tissues to which no exogenous cofactors were supplied.
      Administered orally at doses of 100-300 mg/kg to guinea pigs, acetaminophen
      stimulated prostaglandin production by cell-free preparations of stomach, but had
      no effect in lung or kidney medulla. At doses ranging from 25-300 mg/kg, p.o., to
      rats, acetaminophen stimulated stomach, but inhibited cerebral cortex
      prostaglandin production. These same effects were mimicked qualitatively when
      acetaminophen was added in vitro at 10(-4)M to 10(-2)M to similar preparations.
      In addition, at these same high concentrations, acetaminophen inhibited 5
      lipoxygenase activity in cultured RBL-1 cells. It is speculated that the multiple
      and tissue variable effects that acetaminophen had on arachidonic acid metabolism
      depend on the inherent cofactors associated with each tissue type.

PMID- 6422476
TI  - Detection of compounds immunologically related to arachidonic acid transformation
      products in extracts of invertebrates.
AB  - Organic extracts of Terpios zeteki, a sponge from the phylum Porifera, Aplysia
      californica and Helix aspersa, two species from the phylum Mollusca, and Arbacia,
      the sea urchin, from the phylum Echinodermata, contained compounds that appeared
      by radioimmunoassays to be HETE, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the non
      enzymatic hydrolytic product of PGI2. However, lack of coincidence of their
      retention times on HPLC with authentic oxygenation products of arachidonic acid
      suggested that most of the immunologically active compounds were derivatives of
      arachidonic acid metabolites or products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids
      other than arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6422477
TI  - In vitro effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the balance between thromboxane A2
      and prostacyclin in the blood vascular system.
AB  - Unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) (oleic, linoleic, alpha -linolenic, and gamma 
      linolenic acids) were found to inhibit platelet thromboxane synthetase. This
      conclusion was based on the following experimental evidence. 1. Reduced formation
      of TxB2 and increased formation of prostaglandins F2 alpha, E2 and D2 as seen in
      autoradiography of TLC plate. 2. Inhibition of ADP- and collagen-induced
      aggregation of PRP samples in the presence of the unsaturated FAs. 3. Reduced
      formation of TxB2 determined by RIA in PRP samples pretreated with the
      unsaturated FAs followed by collagen-induced aggregation. 4. Reduced formation of
      MDA in the presence of the unsaturated FAs. 5. Increased formation of PGI2
      (determined as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha), PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGD2 (redirection effect)
      in the presence of the unsaturated FAs in a system consisting of washed human
      platelet preparation and a piece of rat aorta from labelled arachidonate. TxB2
      was reduced. 6. Aggregation experiment confirming above.

PMID- 6422478
TI  - A comparison between fenoprofen calcium and naproxen sodium in the treatment of
      soft tissue sports injuries.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients with soft tissue sporting injuries were studied in a
      double-blind, randomized trial comparing 400 mg fenoprofen calcium 3-times daily
      against 250 mg naproxen sodium 3-times daily. Assessments carried out on entry
      and after 7 days of treatment showed that both drugs produced significant
      improvement in pain at night, swelling/bruising, and pain and mobility. No
      significant differences in response were noted between the two groups. Both
      treatments were well tolerated and few drug-related side-effects were reported.

PMID- 6422479
TI  - Absorption, distribution and excretion of radioactivity after a single
      intravenous or oral administration of [14C] glucosamine to the rat.
AB  - Blood levels, tissue distribution and excretion patterns of radioactivity were
      studied in the rat after administration of [14C] glucosamine sulphate by the
      intravenous or oral route. After intravenous administration, plasma radioactivity
      declined in the first 30 min, then increased, reaching a peak at the 2nd hour,
      and disappeared, with a half-disappearance time of 28 hours. The radioactivity
      diffused rapidly in the tissues. Higher levels than in plasma were reached in the
      liver and kidneys. There was early incorporation of radioactivity in the skeletal
      tissues (cartilage and bone). About 50% of the administered radioactivity was
      excreted with the expired CO2 and about 35% with the urine. Faecal excretion was
      small (2% of the administered dose). After oral administration, radioactivity was
      quickly found in plasma, where it reached a peak at 4 hours. It then declined
      slowly, with biphasic kinetics. The tissue distribution, including uptake in the
      skeleton, repeated the pattern found after intravenous administration. There was
      only small faecal excretion, showing an almost complete bioavailability of
      glucosamine given orally, and the large excretion with the CO2 (82%) showed that
      glucosamine is to a large extent broken down to smaller fragments.
      Autoradiographic studies confirmed the tissue distribution pattern and showed in
      more detail the tissue localization of radioactivity.

PMID- 6422480
TI  - [Effect of mental stimulants on electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde
      amnesia].
AB  - The effect of nootropics on the retrograde amnesia induced by electroshock was
      studied on a model of the active conditioned escape reaction (pole jumping). In
      untreated animals the daily application of electroshock for three days,
      immediately after the training, led to a significant retardation of the
      development of a conditioned escape reaction. The administration of nootropics
      influences the development of the retrograde amnesia to different extents, the
      treatment regimen (application of the drug only during the training and
      supplementary pretreatment before the first day of training; respectively) being
      of importance. The antiamnestic effect of Piracetam (100 mg/kg,
      intraperitoneally) which is good also without pretreatment, may still be
      potentiated, especially on the fourth day of treatment, by an additional
      administration of the drug, beginning four days before the first day of
      treatment. In contrast to this, meclofenoxate hydrochloride (100 mg/kg,
      intraperitoneally) and pyritinol (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) produce a marked
      inhibition of the development of the retrograde amnesia only after pretreatment.
      Without pretreatment these drugs exert a slight or no effect. The marked
      antiamnestic effect of methylglucaminorotate (225 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and
      by an additional pretreatment. As to dihydroergotoxin (1 mg/kg;
      intraperitoneally), both treatment regimens were ineffective in the model used.

PMID- 6422481
TI  - 40 years of development in radiotherapy.

PMID- 6422482
TI  - The eighteenth Douglas Lea lecture. 40 years of radiobiology: its impact on
      radiotherapy.
AB  - The contributions of radiobiology to radiotherapy in the past 40 years are
      reviewed, taking the work of Gray and Read on bean roots with high LET radiation
      as the starting point. The main impact has been strategic and didactic because
      methods of measuring parameters in patients so as to affect individual treatments
      have not yet been developed. Many patients are now being treated with
      radiotherapy who would have been considered unsuitable 40 years ago and the
      radiobiological reasons for these changes are discussed. Improvements that have
      occurred in radiotherapy are reviewed and some projections about future potential
      improvements are made.

PMID- 6422483
TI  - Photoinduced oxygen consumption in melanin systems. Action spectra and quantum
      yields for eumelanin and synthetic melanin.

PMID- 6422484
TI  - A new explanation for the progressive tissue loss in electrical injuries.
AB  - A reproducible electrical injury to the hind limb was produced in rats, an injury
      characterized by progressive tissue necrosis. Serial histochemical examinations
      of cross sections with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method revealed increased
      production of arachidonic acid metabolites, especially thromboxane, at distal
      sites near the entrance wound and in periosseous tissues more proximally. Levels
      of these vasoactive substances remained elevated during the time of progressive
      necrosis and demarcation of seemingly normal, uninjured tissue. Treatment with
      agents capable of blocking thromboxane production allowed tissue salvage, as
      evidenced by a decreased autoamputation rate and an increased total surviving
      length. From this study it appears that an electrical injury is thermal trauma,
      producing elevated levels of arachidonic acid metabolites in areas of greatest
      heat production. Prolonged thromboxane excess, with resultant vasoconstriction
      and thrombosis in the microcirculation, is seen to play a key role in the
      progressive tissue loss characteristic of the injury. The use of antithromboxane
      agents may be of benefit in halting this progression and salvaging tissue in
      these devastating injuries.

PMID- 6422485
TI  - Who pays for cosmetic revisional surgery?

PMID- 6422487
TI  - Use of lithium in children and adolescents.

PMID- 6422486
TI  - Diurnal variation of growth hormone secretion following thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone infusion in normal men.
AB  - Growth hormone (GH) secretion following a standard intravenous dose of
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in eight healthy young men in the
      morning (0800h), in the evening (2000h), and after an acute 12-hr shift of the
      rest-activity cycle. The maximal increment in serum GH concentration following
      TRH administration was significantly greater in the evening than in either the
      morning or evening after reversal of the rest-activity cycle (p less than 0.02).
      Seven of the eight subjects showed an increase in serum GH following TRH in the
      evening but not after rest--activity reversal (p less than 0.01). Only one
      subject showed a GH response during one of two morning trials. Serum GH
      concentration was also increased in two of six subjects following saline infusion
      in the evening. These findings indicate that the GH response to TRH may depend on
      the phase of GH secretory activity at the time of testing. The GH responses to
      TRH reported in various disease states may, therefore, reflect alterations in the
      GH secretory rhythm or disturbances in circadian rest--activity patterns.

PMID- 6422488
TI  - The concentric effects of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6422489
TI  - The 1990 objectives for the nation for injury prevention: a progress review.
AB  - Unintentional injuries are the principal cause of preventable early death. Beyond
      terms of human suffering and death, injuries place enormous burdens on this
      country's economic and health care resources. Demographic, sociological,
      environmental, and behavioral factors that influence our society contribute to
      the complexity and scope of the injury problem. Progress in injury prevention
      will be achieved only through the combined efforts of individuals, organizations,
      and government at every level of our society. The Federal Government is an
      important contributor to this process through its role of leading, catalyzing,
      and providing strategic support. Within the Department of Health and Human
      Services, numerous agencies have major injury prevention components with a broad
      range of responsibilities, including the direct delivery of services,
      establishment of safety standards, sponsorship of education and information
      efforts, building of the capacity of other sectors, basic and applied research,
      and surveillance. The Centers for Disease Control, as the lead agency, assists
      State and local health departments in their injury prevention efforts and
      coordinates activities undertaken jointly by Federal agencies, State and local
      governments, and private-sector organizations. To meet the 1990 Objectives for
      the Nation with respect to injury prevention, both the public health and private
      sector providers must recognize the injury problem of the 1980s. Without the
      support and involvement of the public health and provider communities and of the
      private sector, injuries and their costs will continue at their present alarming
      rates. The opportunity is great for promoting health, preventing injuries, and
      reducing associated costs to society. Making the best of this opportunity is our
      challenge during this decade.

PMID- 6422490
TI  - The GME quandary: who will pay for the piper's lunch?

PMID- 6422491
TI  - Preventing substance abuse: the state of the art.
AB  - While drug abuse among adolescents and young adults has begun to decline from the
      epidemic levels of the late 1970s, it remains a serious national health problem.
      Much information from research suggests that young people at the junior and
      senior high school levels are the most vulnerable to the social pressures that
      lead to experimental and then regular use of psychoactive substances. Well
      designed prevention programs for youngsters in these age groups have the
      potential to prevent the onset and development of regular drug use. Primary
      prevention strategies developed over the past two decades--media campaigns,
      school drug education programs, and "generic" programs--are reviewed, and
      evaluative research is discussed. The authors describe two additional prevention
      approaches--the "macro" approach (creating a climate of nondrug use) and positive
      peer pressure strategies--for which early data suggest genuine promise for the
      future.

PMID- 6422493
TI  - Responding to the psychological crisis of AIDS.

PMID- 6422492
TI  - The underreporting of disease and physicians' knowledge of reporting
      requirements.
AB  - Previous studies of underreporting of disease have mainly addressed the attitudes
      of physicians toward reporting of communicable disease to public health agencies
      and have not examined adequately the physicians' knowledge of the reporting
      system as a cause of underreporting. To investigate, the authors designed a
      questionnaire and distributed it to 345 physicians at two hospitals. One hundred
      and sixty-nine questionnaires, which examined knowledge of reporting requirements
      and reasons for not complying with those requirements during 1978-81, were
      returned (a 49 percent response rate). Most of the respondents knew that
      reporting is required, but their knowledge in specific areas, such as which
      diseases are reportable, varied greatly. The number of physicians who knew which
      diseases they are required to report ranged from a low of 63 physicians (37
      percent) for trachoma to 163 (96 percent) for syphilis. Of the 169 physicians,
      only 50 believed they knew how to report reportable diseases, and only 40 of them
      knew the correct procedures. Thirty-six percent of the 169 physicians indicated
      that they had not reported any cases at all during 1978-81. On the average,
      physicians recalled reporting 28 percent of their reportable cases. When they
      indicated why they had not complied with reporting requirements, the physicians
      chose reasons that reflected a lack of knowledge of the reporting system. The
      most common reasons were "did not know how to report" and "did not know it was a
      reportable disease." The results suggest that a major factor in physician
      underreporting is a lack of knowledge of the morbidity reporting system.

PMID- 6422494
TI  - Too many applicants for available graduate medical education positions--are we on
      a collision course?
AB  - Until the last few years, graduate medical education (GME) positions were so
      plentiful in the United States that even with a heavy influx of both U.S. and
      alien graduates of foreign medical schools, many positions remained unfilled. In
      the future, however, it is unlikely that all those planning to enter GME in the
      United States will be able to do so. Applicants for U.S. GME positions increased
      from 15,000 in 1980 to 20,000 in 1983, while the positions offered declined to
      fewer than 18,000. Increasing financial pressure may cause some U.S. hospitals to
      cut back on their GME positions. Recent Federal regulations require them to
      isolate the cost of education from patient care costs, and community hospitals
      may no longer with to provide GME if they can no longer recover educational
      costs. On the other hand, State legislatures may react to pressures to provide
      GME positions for U.S. citizens graduating from foreign medical schools. Another
      factor increasing the demand for GME positions is the greater number of U.S.
      citizen graduates from foreign medical schools in the Caribbean. The Caribbean
      schools generally lack the facilities to provide clinical training, so that
      efforts are made to provide such training for U.S. citizens in the United States.
      For example, it has been reported that opportunities for two to five thousand
      clerical clerkships exist in New York State. Alien and U.S. graduates of foreign
      medical schools have been required to take different examinations to qualify for
      GME in the United States, but beginning in 1984, both groups will be required to
      pass a new Foreign Medical Graduate Examination in the Medical Sciences. Ways are
      also being sought to assess the clinical skills of these graduates. It is hoped
      that an equitable system to evaluate all foreign medical graduates will soon be
      in place, so that those who meet standards comparable to the ones required of
      U.S. medical students will be able to enter U.S. graduate medical education
      programs.

PMID- 6422495
TI  - The underrepresented in graduate medical education and medical research.
AB  - There is a perception that the career options open to medical school graduates
      who are members of minority groups are restricted. This perception relates
      especially to those postgraduate medical training programs that have not
      traditionally encouraged or had significant minority participation. Data were
      therefore sought to determine whether this perception was well founded. Recent
      reports show the strikingly low numbers of minorities on medical school faculties
      and in administrative positions in spite of efforts to fill such positions.
      Information on the specialties of practicing minority physicians is limited, but
      accurate figures are available on the participation of minorities in various
      specialty postgraduate training programs. For instance, during recent years, 50
      to 60 percent of all black residents have been trained in internal medicine,
      pediatrics, general surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. Further studies are
      needed to document or disprove the conception that minority physicians have less
      access than other physicians to certain careers in the delivery of health care
      and education. In the interim, efforts should be continued to encourage minority
      physicians not only to seek preparation for community primary care practice, but
      also for professional participation in academic careers of other specialties (and
      subspecialties), in biomedical and clinical research, and in health care
      administration. The ability to enter these diverse careers is most often
      determined by the opportunities available at the time of completion of medical
      school education. Therefore, those involved in graduate medical education should
      address the challenge of providing opportunities for the proportionate
      representation of minorities in all aspects of medical care and medical
      education.

PMID- 6422496
TI  - Premature institutionalization among the rural elderly in Arizona.
AB  - Rural areas of the United States, compared with urban areas, exhibit a scarcity
      of resources and programs designed to provide health and supportive services to
      impaired elderly persons living in the community. Furthermore, recent research
      has indicated that informal, familial support for the rural elderly has become
      increasingly attenuated because of such factors as outmigration of younger family
      members. Under these circumstances, there is reason for concern that a lack of
      available supportive services to help impaired rural elderly persons remain in
      the community may in effect drive them prematurely into nursing homes. In Arizona
      we have found that, consistent with such a process, elderly nursing home patients
      in rural areas tend on the average to be significantly less impaired in most
      areas of functional capacity, and younger at time of entry, than elderly nursing
      home patients in urban areas. This pattern remains when various possible
      confounding effects are statistically controlled.

PMID- 6422497
TI  - Out-of-hospital births, U.S., 1978: birth weight and Apgar scores as measures of
      outcome.
AB  - An examination of 1978 natality data for the United States disclosed that low
      birth weight was less common among 30,819 infants born out of hospital than among
      3,294,101 infants born in hospital in that year. When controls were applied for
      birth attendant, infants' race, and mothers' education, age, nativity, and
      parity, the data revealed that white, well-educated women between 25 and 39 years
      of age, who were having their second babies and were attended by midwives out of
      hospital, were at least risk of bearing low birth weight infants. The incidence
      rate of low birth weight babies was lower for midwife-attended births in every
      category examined. For college-educated white women, for example, the incidence
      rate was 2.0 percent among those attended by midwives, 4.6 percent among those
      giving birth in hospital, and 3.6 percent among those whose out-of-hospital
      deliveries were attended by physicians. Apgar scores for babies born both in and
      out of hospital were also studied but, because of inconsistent reporting, were
      given less attention. Excellent (9-10) Apgar scores were more common among babies
      born out of hospital than among those born in hospital (63 percent compared with
      49 percent), particularly for out-of-hospital births attended by physicians. At
      least with respect to birth weight and Apgar scores, the claim that out-of
      hospital births are inherently more dangerous than hospital births receives no
      support from these data. The findings also suggest the need for further
      refinement of vital statistics categories to permit the analysis of distinctions
      between births attended by certified nurse-midwives and those attended by lay
      midwives, as well as differences between births at home and those in alternative
      birth centers.

PMID- 6422498
TI  - Blood pressure and heart rate changes in children when they read aloud in school.
AB  - The 52 children in the study were recruited from two fifth grade classes in
      Baltimore city. The blood pressures and heart rates were recorded both at rest
      and while they read aloud in a classroom setting. A computerized monitoring
      system was used to measure blood pressures. Rapid and highly significant
      increases in blood pressure and heart rate were observed when the children read
      aloud. A total of 84 measurements of 312 systolic and diastolic readings were not
      within the 95th percentile of normal pressure for the child's age and sex. The
      data indicate that a routine school task, that is, reading aloud, may have
      significant effects on the cardiovascular system. These findings are discussed in
      terms of previously unexamined links between certain childhood school experiences
      and potential problems with adult hypertension.

PMID- 6422499
TI  - Dental malpractice: baseline data from insurance claims closed in 1970, with
      analysis.
AB  - A study of dental malpractice claims closed during the 1970s was conducted using
      closed claim data available as a byproduct of a survey conducted by the
      Secretary's Commission on Medical Malpractice, U.S. Department of Health,
      Education, and Welfare. The intent of the authors of this study is to establish a
      baseline that can be used for future comparisons of dental malpractice. Far fewer
      cases of dental malpractice were found than expected, and specialists such as
      oral surgeons were at higher risk than general practitioners. One-half of the
      claims resulted in no payment to the plaintiff. Trial verdicts were reached in
      just over 7 percent of the cases, and 93 percent of the verdicts were in favor of
      the defendant. The amount of damages paid to claimants for dental cases was
      approximately one-third that paid on claims involving physicians or medical
      specialists. The median award to the plaintiff for dental malpractice was $750.
      Ninety-five percent of the awards made were under $5,000.

PMID- 6422501
TI  - [Diverticulosis. Anatomical aspects].
AB  - Sigmoid diverticula are pseudodiverticula, protrusions of the mucosa between the
      muscularis, so that they pouch out ball shaped under the serosa or in the fatty
      connective tissue of the sigmoid region. They occur in pairs, often symmetrically
      along the taenias. They increase with age; as their evidence depends on the
      actual contraction of the bowel, the incidence varied strongly with the method of
      investigation. The pseudo-diverticula can cause diverticulitis. The anatomical
      characteristics of the large bowel are the fortified longitudinal muscular bands,
      the taenias, and the haustras. By a contraction and a permanent shortening of the
      taenias the normally "open" haustras become closed pressure chambers. The
      muscular coat and the mucosal coat differ very much in size, that the mucosa
      folds out to the outside. Of decisive importance is, that the muscular and
      mucosal coat are both fixed to each other by a sliding layer. The modern popular
      etiological theories can be fairly summarized under the point of view of the
      longitudinal shortening and the sliding layer.

PMID- 6422500
TI  - Nigerians' use of native and Western medicine for the same illness.
AB  - The impact of dual systems of health care on those who use them is not well
      understood. A study was undertaken in Nigeria to study this impact. A
      questionnaire about use of dual health care systems was prepared and tested and
      then administered to a study sample. This sample included representatives of the
      Hausa, Ibo, and Yoruba tribes, urban and rural residents, and Christians,
      Muslims, and traditional worshippers. Among 680 respondents, more of the Muslims
      than the other religious groups had used both Western and native medical care
      systems for the same illness, and the relationship between such dual use and
      religious preference was found to be significant. Also, almost three-fourths of
      the respondents who had used both native and Western medicine for the same
      illness had done so more than once. Among respondents who had used both for the
      same illness many times, there were almost twice as many males as females. Among
      the Ibos, 81.9 percent had used both systems more than once, compared with 77.2
      percent of the Yorubas and 62.2 percent of the Hausas. The existence of
      pluralistic medicine is fairly common in both developing and developed countries.
      However, switching back and forth from native to Western medicine makes
      determinations of the relative efficacy of cures difficult. Also, simultaneous
      use of drugs from both native and Western health care providers has the potential
      of harming or even killing the patient.

PMID- 6422502
TI  - [Diverticular disease of the colon].
AB  - The great significance of diverticular disease, clinical symptoms, and pathologic
      anatomical changes are demonstrated. In our opinion the diagnostic possibilities
      of a carefully performed hypotonic enema with double contrast are not yet fully
      used; mostly the patients have to suffer from an endoscopic investigation of the
      colon. Radiologic double-contrast examination is the method of choice, resulting
      in reliable and clear pictures of the extent of diverticulosis and in most cases
      also of its complications. Some typical examples are given to point out
      radiological criteria of the diverticular disease.

PMID- 6422503
TI  - [Unusual diverticula--intramural esophageal diverticulosis, intraduodenal
      diverticulum. 2 case reports].

PMID- 6422504
TI  - Outpatient angiography and interventional radiology: safety and cost benefits.
AB  - A three-year study of the safety and cost benefits of outpatient angiography and
      interventional radiology was undertaken. Of 140 ambulatory patients (17% of all
      procedures) no delayed complications after discharge were encountered; the
      estimated cost savings was $20,886. This protocol appears to be both safe and
      cost-effective.

PMID- 6422505
TI  - Human protein C and thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 6422506
TI  - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor.

PMID- 6422507
TI  - The effects of cigarette smoke on the fate of arachidonic acid in rat and hamster
      lungs.
AB  - The effects of cigarette smoke on the fate of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA)
      were investigated in isolated perfused rat and hamster lungs. 14C-arachidonate
      was infused into the pulmonary circulation and the metabolites in the effluent as
      well as the distribution of radiolabel in lung lipids were analysed. Pre-exposure
      of animals to cigarette smoke daily for three weeks did not change the amounts of
      metabolites in lung effluent or the incorporation of AA into lung lipids.
      Cigarette smoke ventilation of lungs from pre-exposed hamsters changed the
      amounts of some metabolites of AA in the effluent. The distribution of
      radioactivity in the lung tissue was changed during smoke ventilation in both rat
      and hamster. The amount of radioactivity in some lipid fractions was increased by
      cigarette smoke, the increase being greatest in triacylglycerols. This study
      shows that pulmonary metabolism of AA is changed by cigarette smoke ventilation
      but not by pre-exposure of animals. Both incorporation of AA into lung lipids and
      efflux of metabolites from the lungs are affected by cigarette smoke.

PMID- 6422508
TI  - Leukotriene D4-induced hypotension is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - Injection of leukotriene D4 (LTD4, 20 micrograms/kg, i.a.) to conscious
      spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats produces a short-lasting pressor and
      tachycardic response followed by prolonged hypotension and bradycardia. Plasma
      norepinephrine and epinephrine were elevated at the peak pressor/tachycardic
      phase as well as at the hypotensive phase. Injection of thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH, 2 or 5 mg/kg) at the peak of the LTD4-induced hypotension resulted
      in prompt reversal of the hypotension and bradycardia in a dose-related manner.
      Naloxone (5 mg/kg) had no effect on blood pressure and heart rate of LTD4-treated
      SHR rats. Pretreatment with TRH (5 mg/kg) did not prevent the depressor effect of
      LTD4, but attenuated the bradycardic effect of this leukotriene. In addition, TRH
      had no effect on LTD4-induced hypotension in the pithed SHR rat. These results
      suggest that TRH might exert beneficial effects in hypotensive states mediated by
      leukotrienes or other mediators of anaphylactic reactions.

PMID- 6422509
TI  - Effects of antioxidants on cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities in intact
      human platelets: comparison with indomethacin and ETYA.
AB  - Five antioxidative agents (BW755C, 1-naphtol, NDGA, propylgallate and quercetin)
      were compared with indomethacin and ETYA for their effects on (14C) arachidonic
      acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LPO) enzymes in intact
      human platelets. All tested compounds inhibited CO activity in a concentration
      dependent manner. LPO activity was suppressed by NDGA, propylgallate, quercetin
      and ETYA but strongly enhanced by BW755C, 1-naphtol and indomethacin. Whereas
      NDGA and ETYA showed almost equi-potent inhibitory effects towards both fatty
      acid oxygenases, propylgallate and quercetin were found to be respectively 6.5
      and 4 times better inhibitors of LPO than of CO activities. These data indicate
      that antioxidants affect arachidonic acid metabolism in intact human platelets in
      different ways: BW755C and 1-naphtol exerted the same activity as indomethacin, a
      selective CO blocker, whereas NDGA, propylgallate and quercetin behaved as ETYA,
      a dual CO-LPO inhibitor. Considering their inhibition selectivity, propylgallate
      and quercetin may serve as prototypes for more specific blockers of LPO activity.

PMID- 6422510
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis by human glomerular cells in culture.
AB  - PG synthesis by cultured human glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells
      incubated with [1- 14C] arachidonic acid was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      after high performance liquid chromatography purification. Both dissociated cells
      and cell monolayers were studied under basal conditions. PG synthesis by
      epithelial cells was undetectable. Mesangial cells produced low amounts of PGE2,
      PGF2 alpha and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha and no TXB2. We also examined the effects of
      several agents on PG synthesis in these two types of cells scraped away from
      their flasks using direct RIA. Arachidonic acid produced a slight stimulation
      only with mesangial cells whereas angiotensin II, cyclic AMP and calcium
      ionophore were inactive with both cell lines. Homogenization of the cells did not
      enhance the stimulatory effect of arachidonic acid. Alkalinization of the
      incubation medium produced an increase of PG production by mesangial cells. These
      results suggest that two types of human glomerular cells, particularly epithelial
      cells, possess low cyclooxygenase activity. The low capacity of human mesangial
      and epithelial cells to produce PG may have consequences for the endocrine
      control of the glomerular microcirculation in man.

PMID- 6422511
TI  - [Concepts of heredity in simple psoriasis based on personal studies. II. Complex
      multiallele model].

PMID- 6422512
TI  - [Value of smear examination and bacterial culture on the Biocult Gc transport
      growth medium in the diagnosis of gonorrhea in prostitutes].

PMID- 6422513
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone injected intracerebroventricularly in the rat
      stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion via the vagus nerve.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of synthetic
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogue (gamma-butyrolactone-gamma
      carbonyl-His-Pro-NH2) were tested in anesthetized rats fitted with pancreatic
      cannula. TRH injection induced dose-related increases in flow of pancreatic
      juice, protein output, and amylase output, each reaching a maximum within 10 min.
      Higher doses of TRH induced longer responses. Injection of the TRH analogue also
      caused dose-related secretory responses of the exocrine pancreas. The dose
      related secretory responses to TRH and the TRH analogue were similar except that
      the responses to the highest dose of TRH analogue (1600 pmol/100 g b.w.) were
      significantly higher. Intravenous injection of TRH and the TRH analogue induced
      little, if any, secretory response of the exocrine pancreas. The effects of
      i.c.v. injection of TRH and the TRH analogue were completely abolished after
      bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. In addition to the secretory effects on the
      exocrine pancreas, i.c.v. injection of TRH and the analogue caused hyperglycemia,
      tachycardia, and tear secretion, but the intravenous injection of these peptides
      had no effect.

PMID- 6422514
TI  - Effects of mammalian and avian neurotensins and neurotensin fragments on wet-dog
      shaking and body temperature in the rat.
AB  - The ability of mammalian and avian neurotensins and some neurotensin fragments to
      reduce wet-dog shaking (WDS) induced by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and
      to influence rectal temperature was tested after their injection into the
      periaqueductal grey region of male rats. Both neurotensins inhibited TRH-induced
      WDS and reduced rectal temperature by 2 degrees C; this latter effect was
      prevented by prior TRH administration. Of the four neurotensin fragments tested,
      both (1-8)- and (8-13)-neurotensin reduced WDS but only (8-13)-neurotensin
      reduced rectal temperature significantly. (1-6)- and (1-11)-neurotensin were
      without effect in either test system. From the activity of the various peptides,
      further examples of the mutual antagonism between TRH and neurotensin have been
      demonstrated. It is suggested that there is a possible role for neurotensin in
      controlling body temperature via the periaqueductal grey and that this may be one
      function of neurotensin in avian species; there may also be more than one
      receptor system binding neurotensin in the brain.

PMID- 6422515
TI  - Central administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and histidyl-proline
      diketopiperazine disrupts the acquisition of a food rewarded task by a non
      aversive action.
AB  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its metabolites on operant
      behaviour have rarely been explored. In this study, the effects of
      intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of TRH and histidyl-proline
      diketopiperazine (DKP), a metabolite of TRH, on the acquisition of a food
      rewarded lever-press task were compared with saline-treated controls. TRH and DKP
      severely retarded the acquisition of lever pressing. The effects of systemically
      administered D-amphetamine were also examined in order to test whether this
      result was due to any stimulant properties of these peptides. These results
      suggest that stimulatory effects do not adequately account for impaired
      acquisition. The possibility that the disruption of learning was due to an
      aversive effect of icv administration of these peptides was tested by means of a
      conditioned place paradigm. Neither peptide induced an avoidance of the
      environment with which it had previously been paired. Several possible reasons
      for the peptides' adverse effect on learning are discussed, including the
      possibility that TRH and DKP act on attentional mechanisms.

PMID- 6422516
TI  - [Study of a radiation technic with an anterior mantle-shaped field and 10 MV
      photons].
AB  - The authors present a preliminary dosimetry study of 10 MV X-rays for irradiation
      technique with only one anterior mantle-field. The results of the studied beam
      for SSD = 120 cm are: 40 X 40 cm2 fields, build-up at 2.5 cm, penumbra (85%
      divided by 15%) variable between 8 divided by 9 mm, 50% of the dose at depth of
      18 cm, homogeneity +/- 4%. These dosimetry results are suitable for beginning the
      clinical research.

PMID- 6422517
TI  - [A new method of planning and performing abdominal irradiation using the moving
      strip technic].
AB  - We make use of an individualized moving strip technique (MST) for ovarian cancer
      radiotherapy. On the pelvis, strip fields have smaller width than in usual MST
      proposed by Dembo and Delclos, and different heights. Femoral heads are spared
      without needing lead shields. Thus our technique can be useful for patients
      previously treated by heavy chemotherapy. Dosimetric checks by computer, TLD, and
      film dosimetry, show a fair dose homogeneity inside target volume.

PMID- 6422518
TI  - [Radiotherapy in cancer of the esophagus].

PMID- 6422519
TI  - [Determination of plasma levels of anticonvulsant drugs. Preliminary report of
      our experiences].

PMID- 6422520
TI  - [Central hypoventilation as a cause of hypoxemia during hemodialysis. Effects of
      acetazolamide administration].

PMID- 6422521
TI  - [Myoclonic status epilepticus in an adult with multiple cerebrovascular
      accidents].

PMID- 6422522
TI  - [Neurological complications in supra-aortic vessel surgery in relation to the
      method of cerebral protection employed].

PMID- 6422523
TI  - [Cerebral protection in supra-aortic vessel surgery: up-date and introduction of
      a new method].

PMID- 6422524
TI  - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency in children].

PMID- 6422525
TI  - [Physiopathology of acute decompensation in chronic obstructive respiratory
      insufficiency].
AB  - The acute decompensation of chronic obstructive respiratory failure is
      characterised by a deterioration of the respiratory mechanics which leads to a
      reduction of maximum ventilatory output, the respiratory muscles are placed at a
      mechanical disadvantage and in attempting to compensate are vulnerable to muscle
      fatigue. A large part of ventilation is wasted in ventilatory dead space. Total
      ventilation is normal but tidal volume is shallow and respiratory rate rapid.
      This type of breathing is partially responsible for the large dead space effect.
      Respiratory centre activity is greatly increased. The prescription of
      bronchodilators is debatable because there is a risk of increasing the dead space
      effect. The hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli have a weak and roughly similar
      effect on ventilatory control, but the effect of pure oxygen on PaCO2 is due to
      factors other than those relating to respiratory centre activity.

PMID- 6422527
TI  - Influence of extracellular pH upon the ionic and secretory response to gliclazide
      in pancreatic islets.
AB  - The influence of extracellular pH upon the ionic and secretory response to
      gliclazide was examined in perifused rat islets. Gliclazide usually decreased
      86Rb outflow from the islets except in the presence of glucose (7.0 mM) and Ca2+
      (1.0 mM) and at low (7.0) or normal (7.4) pH, in which cases it caused a rapid
      increase in 86Rb output. Gliclazide failed to affect 45Ca outflow in the absence
      of extracellular Ca2+, whatever the extracellular pH. However, in the presence of
      Ca2+ and glucose (7.0 mM), gliclazide enhanced 45Ca outflow and insulin release.
      Under the latter experimental conditions, the gliclazide-induced increment in
      both 45Ca and insulin output was progressively increased as the pH was raised
      from 7.0 to 7.4 and 7.8, despite the fact that glucose-induced insulin release
      was progressively decreased over the same pH range. The gliclazide-induced
      facilitation of Ca2+ inflow into the islet cells and the subsequent stimulation
      of insulin release, whatever their precise molecular determinants, thus displayed
      the same dependency towards extracellular pH as that characterizing the
      ionophoretic action of the drug. The influence of extracellular pH upon the
      cationic and secretory response to gliclazide is compatible, therefore, with the
      view that the insulinotropic action of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas is somehow
      related to their ionophoretic capacity.

PMID- 6422526
TI  - Glomerulotubular balance and prostaglandin synthesis.
AB  - We have tested a hypothesis proposed to explain glomerulotubular balance (GTB) as
      a consequence of variations in prostaglandin synthesis. Arachidonic acid (40
      micrograms x kg-1 x min-1) infused into the renal artery of anesthetized dogs
      raised renal blood flow (RBF) by 41 +/- 5% in hydropenic and by 24 +/- 11% in
      volume-expanded dogs, but the absolute changes were similar. The infusion of
      arachidonic acid after the administration of indomethacin (10 mg x kg-1) had no
      effect on RBF. Arachidonic acid infusion increased the excretion of sodium and
      chloride in hydropenic dogs but not after the administration of ethacrynic acid
      in volume-expanded dogs. During continued infusion of ethacrynic acid, the
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lowered by suprarenal aortic constriction
      and raised by carotid constriction. A linear relationship between electrolyte
      reabsorption and GFR (GTB) was observed when GFR was varied between 20 and 110%
      of control. GTB and tubular reabsorption at comparable GFR were not significantly
      altered during arachidonic acid infusion or after indomethacin administration. In
      all experimental settings, bicarbonate, chloride, and sodium reabsorption were
      altered in molar ratios of 1:2:3 during variations in GFR. We conclude that GTB
      is independent of variations in prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6422528
TI  - [Hormones levels in the male climacteric].

PMID- 6422529
TI  - [Usefulness of the antiseptigram in the management of infected wounds].

PMID- 6422530
TI  - [Applications of the CO2 laser scalpel in surgery].
AB  - The use of CO2 Laser in different surgical fields is presented. Different cutting
      powers for each tissue are shown as well. Advantages of the CO2 Laser such as
      less pain, haemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis, edema. . ., have also assessed.
      According to its characteristics, we find it specially indicated in oncologic
      surgery, hemophilia and in highly vascularized tissues. It is also very useful
      when operating cavities with a difficult surgical approach, because of its
      reflective property.

PMID- 6422531
TI  - [Rare forms of joint diseases associated with arthritis].

PMID- 6422532
TI  - Reiter's disease in northern India. A clinical and immunogenetic study.
AB  - Thirty-six patients fulfilling the criteria for Reiter's disease were studied (29
      men and 7 women; 4:1). The mean age of onset was 23.8 years; in 75% of patients
      the onset was in the second and third decades. Clinical manifestations included
      low back pain and stiffness (69%), non specific urethritis (53%), heel pain
      (44%), radiographic sacroiliitis (42%), conjunctivitis (39%), dysentery and
      diarrhoea (33%), mucosal ulcerations (17%) kidney disease (14%), anterior uveitis
      (19%), and keratoderma blennorrhagicum (8%). Peripheral arthritis was mono or
      oligoarthritis in 58% of patients, mainly affecting the large joints of lower
      extremities, and it was often asymmetric (mean degree of asymmetry = 0.37). HLA
      B27 antigen was detected in 83% of 36 patients compared with 5.9% of 118 controls
      (relative risk 79, corrected Fisher's P = 7.719E-18).

PMID- 6422533
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis associated with transient gamma 2-heavy chain disease.
AB  - This paper describes the clinical history of a patient (F.-O.) with longstanding
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who subsequently developed a transient gamma 2-heavy
      chain disease (gamma 2-HCD). Immunochemical studies comprised serial
      determinations of serum levels of intact IgG, the gamma-HCD protein, IgA, and
      IgM. New applications of the rocket immunoselection and the radial
      immunodiffusion were used for the quantitation of the gamma-HCD protein and
      intact IgG, respectively, in the presence of one another. Immunofluorescent
      microscopy on bone marrow cells showed cells containing gamma-heavy chains but
      devoid of light chains. Protein studies of the isolated gamma-HCD protein
      revealed a molecular weight of 72 000 in the dimeric form, a carbohydrate content
      of 9.7%, and a PCA-Val-Gln NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. The literature on
      the rare coexistence of RA and gamma-HCD in a single patient is reviewed.

PMID- 6422534
TI  - [Immunochemical diagnosis of chronic calcifying pancreatitis].

PMID- 6422535
TI  - Long-term care: not such a different world.

PMID- 6422536
TI  - [Meningococcal meningitis in Spain (1978-1981). III. Susceptibility of the
      meningococcal strains isolated from patients and carriers to the main agents used
      in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal infections].

PMID- 6422537
TI  - The long-term prognosis of non-transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. A
      clinical, epidemiological, and histological investigation.
AB  - In a prospective study of the natural course of acute hepatitis, 157 of 1020
      patients with biopsy-verified acute hepatitis could be classified as having
      hepatitis type non-A, non-B. We here report on the long-term prognosis for these
      157 patients. The main type of exposure was drug addiction (40%), whereas 40% had
      no known hepatitis exposure. Only two patients had received blood products (blood
      transfusion and factor VIII). Follow-up liver biopsy (mean histological follow
      up, 22 months) in 94 of the 157 patients showed chronic liver disease in 15-that
      is, cirrhosis in 6, suspicion of cirrhosis in 2, chronic aggressive hepatitis in
      5, and chronic persistent hepatitis in 2. There was a striking predominance of
      elderly women with no known hepatitis exposure and with a high frequency of
      autoantibodies in serum among the patients with progression to chronicity,
      whereas chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis in drug addicts or after blood
      transfusions seems to be a limited problem. A comparison of histological features
      in the initial biopsies from patients with progression to chronicity or complete
      resolution showed piecemeal necrosis and abnormal bile duct epithelium to be of
      prognostic value.

PMID- 6422538
TI  - Effect of cimetidine and oxmetidine on 24-h gastric acid and pepsin in patients.
AB  - The 24-h intragastric pH, titrated hydrogen ion concentration, and pepsin
      concentration were studied in nine peptic ulcer patients during administration of
      placebo and of 800 mg cimetidine given as two or four equal doses. Cimetidine,
      400 mg twice daily, was more effective in reducing acidity during morning (p less
      than 0.05) and overnight (p less than 0.01) than cimetidine, 200 mg four times
      daily, which, however, was the most effective regimen during the afternoon (p
      less than 0.05-0.01). During the 24-h period pH values equal to or above 5 were
      observed for less than 1 h with placebo treatment, for 1.8 h with cimetidine, 200
      mg four times daily, and for 4.7 h with cimetidine, 400 mg twice daily. A new
      histamine H2-receptor antagonist, oxmetidine, was studied in six other patients,
      also during a 24-h period. Both 400 mg twice daily and 200 mg four times daily of
      oxmetidine were superior to placebo (p less than 0.05) in reducing intragastric
      acidity during the entire 24-h period.

PMID- 6422539
TI  - The application of scanning electron microscopy to cells in culture: selected
      methodologies.
AB  - Cell culture is one of the most widely used techniques in modern biology. As a
      result, morphology of culture systems at the ultrastructural level is also
      becoming more widespread. Whilst offering an optimum in terms of fixation
      accessibility, cells in tissue culture can present problems in terms of handling
      for scanning electron microscopy, particularly when they are grown on, or in semi
      solid media, or on gels e.g. collagen. The examination of cultured cell
      suspensions or mixed cell populations may also require careful handling to
      produce meaningful results in terms of surface morphology and cellular
      interaction. Cells specifically cultured on carbon films can also be used for
      information of internal cell structure as well as surface topography, often
      simultaneously, if a suitable imaging system is available. This communication
      reviews a wide spectrum of experimental manipulations of cultured material to
      provide an introduction to the gathering of morphological information from
      material in tissue culture.

PMID- 6422540
TI  - Platelet cyclo-oxygenase deficiency in a Japanese.
AB  - A case of platelet cyclo-oxygenase deficiency in a Japanese was investigated.
      There was a marked decrease of aggregation with collagen and absence of
      aggregation with epinephrine and arachidonic acid. The platelet response to a
      labile aggregation stimulating substance (LASS) was normal. There was no
      biosynthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxides from arachidonate. The platelets,
      including granular volume, showed no ultrastructural abnormalities. The responses
      to various inducers of platelet aggregation, except for arachidonate, were
      different from the cases described by others. It is concluded that the defective
      platelet function, due to a deficiency of platelet cyclo-oxygenase, is
      heterogeneous.

PMID- 6422541
TI  - Ovarian function in young women in long-term remission after treatment for
      Hodgkin's disease stage I or II.
AB  - 16 young women in long-term remission after first-line treatment for the early
      stages of Hodgkin's disease were examined for ovarian function 48 to 125 months
      after termination of therapy. The patients had received mantle field irradiation,
      plus either irradiation of infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes or 6 cycles of MOPP. 4
      patients showed signs of ovarian failure judged by menopausal symptoms, menstrual
      pattern and/or hormone values. 12 patients had functioning ovaries; 8 of these
      had become pregnant after treatment, 2 had had an induced abortion, and 7 had
      given birth to a total of 9 healthy babies after treatment. The patients with
      signs of ovarian failure were older than the others, but the difference was not
      statistically significant. No difference between the patients who had received
      different treatments was established, nor does the study confirm the proposed
      protective effect of oral contraceptives. For women under 35 years of age, the
      long-term chances of preserving ovarian function after standard treatment for the
      lower stages of Hodgkin's disease seem to be much better than hitherto assumed.

PMID- 6422542
TI  - Signal sequences distinguish class II histocompatibility antigen beta chains of
      different loci.
AB  - The signal sequences of two HLA-DR beta chains and the DR alpha chain were
      determined. In addition, the major part of a DC beta-chain signal sequence was
      also elucidated. The data were obtained by combining amino acid sequence analyses
      of isolated alpha and beta chains with nucleotide sequencing of four cDNA clones.
      All signal sequences comprise 25 amino acids or more. The two HLA-DR beta-chain
      signal sequences are identical and exhibit only marginal homology to the DC beta
      chain signal sequence. No homology is apparent between alpha- and beta-chain
      signal sequences. The differences in the signal sequences of the DR and DC beta
      chains suggest that these sequences may be used to assign beta chains to
      different loci of the human major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 6422543
TI  - Genetic control of the murine IgM plaque-forming cell response to type III
      pneumococcal polysaccharide.
AB  - The direct 5-day plaque-forming cell response of different inbred mouse strains
      to pneumococcal polysaccharide type III (SSS-III) varied from more than 10,000
      per spleen, in BALB/c mice, to less than 2000 in C57BL mice. Responses of Igh
      congenic and recombinant inbred lines bearing different combinations of BALB/c
      and C57BL genes indicate that two or more gene loci are involved in controlling
      high or low responses. At least one is in the Igh-V region since BALB/c, BAB-14,
      and CB-8 KN mice (Igh-Va) had two to four times higher responses than CB-20 and
      CB-16 KN mice (Igh-Vb). Other gene loci must be involved, but nothing can be said
      about them at present.

PMID- 6422544
TI  - The localized primary cytotoxic T-cell response to cells expressing minor
      histocompatibility differences.
AB  - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are able to eliminate P815 (DBA/2) mastocytoma
      cells growing in cerebrospinal fluid of BALB/c H-2-compatible but minor
      histocompatibility (H) antigen-different mice and in H-2-incompatible C3H/He
      mice. We examined the magnitude of the primary CTL response to multiple, minor H
      antigens and to determinants of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by
      using a direct cytolytic assay and limiting-dilution analysis to estimate CTL
      frequency. By these criteria, no obvious differences emerged, and the responses
      appeared comparable at the site of inflammatory process, despite differences in
      the number of clonal progenitors. Experiments with radiation chimeras showed
      evidence of a strong cytotoxic T-cell response against P815 cells in [(ddd X
      bbb)F1----ddd] and (F1----bbd), but not in (F1----bbb) radiation chimeras.
      Therefore, this cytotoxic T-cell response against minor H antigens obeys the
      postulated rules for thymic restriction of precursors. Compatibility at the H-2 D
      end of the MHC is apparently sufficient to ensure a strong response.

PMID- 6422545
TI  - Prostaglandins and related compounds -- a general physiologic control system.

PMID- 6422546
TI  - Biological studies of schizoaffective disorders.
AB  - Biological studies of the relationships between the schizoaffective disorders,
      the affective disorders, and schizophrenia suggest that no simple reductionist
      model is supported by currently available data. Thus, both affective and
      schizoaffective patients but not schizophrenics, manifest abnormalities such as
      decreased platelet serotonin (5-HT) uptake, blunted clonidine-induced increase in
      serum growth hormone, shortened latency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and
      increased REM density. However, there are some types of studies which show
      greater similarity between schizoaffective and schizophrenic patients than
      between schizoaffectives and affectives--e.g., increased cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) norepinephrine levels, increased platelet 5-HT content, and decreased
      prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Other types of studies
      show abnormalities common to all three groups of psychoses--e.g., eye tracking
      dysfunction, elevated CSF concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid, and
      neuromuscular abnormalities. There are also abnormalities that have been reported
      to be present in only one type of the psychoses. Although none of these findings
      have been so unequivocally demonstrated that they can be considered to be firmly
      established, they do suggest that it is premature to conclude that the
      schizoaffective disorders are subtypes of the affective disorders. The
      possibility of a continuum model of the psychiatric psychoses of unknown etiology
      merits further consideration. Further biological studies of a broad range of
      psychiatric psychoses with inclusion of the schizoaffective categories appear
      indicated.

PMID- 6422547
TI  - [Hypertriglyceridemia in intravenous hyperalimentation with glucose. Observations
      on patients treated with cyclosporin-A following bone marrow transplantation].
AB  - The authors report marked hypertriglyceridaemia with peak values of up to 14
      mmol/l in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and who
      are receiving 925 g/d glucose and 70 g/d crystalline amino acids for parenteral
      nutrition. Larger doses of insulin lead to only slightly better control of mean
      blood glucose level and to a clearly less marked increase in triglycerides (TG)
      in a series of patients otherwise treated identically. Only a slight increase in
      serum TG was seen in BMT patients receiving 325 g glucose per day. There was no
      increase in serum TG to values above normal in a small group of surgical patients
      receiving 700-900 g glucose/d and high doses of insulin. Peripheral insulin
      resistance is presumed to be the pathogenetic factor in this
      hypertriglyceridaemia, mia, which can be avoided by higher doses of insulin or
      decreased glucose load.

PMID- 6422548
TI  - [Rare forms of hypertension (neurofibromatosis and cholesterol embolization].
AB  - In the past year 5 patients with uncommon secondary hypertension have been
      observed at the Medical Clinic, Cantonal Hospital of St Gall, Switzerland. Two
      patients had generalized neurofibromatosis with specific vascular lesions of the
      renal arteries, while 3 older patients showed clinical and morphologic signs of
      repeated renal cholesterol embolization. Experience with these 5 patients shows
      that angiography should chiefly be used in young patients with suspected
      secondary hypertension. Older patients with common vascular sclerosis should
      undergo angiography only where the indication is urgent, in view of the risk of
      renal cholesterol embolization. In 3 of 5 patients a lasting improvement in
      hypertension was achieved by antihypertensive drug therapy. Two older patients
      with cholesterol embolization died from complications such as uremia and therapy
      resistant hypertension.

PMID- 6422549
TI  - The descent of hominoids and hominids.

PMID- 6422550
TI  - Relation between geographical distribution of liver cancer and climate-aflatoxin
      B1 in China.
AB  - This paper analyses, for the first time in China, the relationship between the
      data on climate (temperature and humidity) in the country, aflatoxin, hepatitis B
      and primary liver cancer mortality, by using the methods of geographical
      epidemiology and generalized factor analysis, and also approaches the
      characteristics of the geographical distribution of liver cancer in China from a
      climate-mould viewpoint. The authors come to the conclusion that climate is an
      important environmental condition that determines the differences in the
      distributions of liver cancer in different areas, and that aflatoxin B1 is one of
      the main carcinogenic factors of liver cancer.

PMID- 6422551
TI  - Fluorescence-line-narrowed spectra of polycyclic aromatic carcinogen-DNA adducts.
AB  - The laser excited fluorescence-line-narrowed spectrum of DNA modified with (+/-)
      r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), the
      ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (BP), has been obtained in a
      water-glycerol-ethanol glass at 4.2 K. The spectrum was well resolved and highly
      characteristic of the chromophore. Comparisons were made between the spectrum of
      this modified DNA and the isolated deoxyguanosine-BPDE adduct and a series of
      other 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP (THBP) derivatives. 9-Hydroxy-BP 4,5-oxide, which is
      also involved in the binding of BP to DNA, and THBP have very similar
      conventional broadband fluorescence spectra. However, the fluorescence-line
      narrowed spectra of their derivatives were readily distinguishable either as
      individual components or as mixtures.

PMID- 6422552
TI  - Neuromagnetic evidence of spatially distributed sources underlying epileptiform
      spikes in the human brain.
AB  - Neuromagnetic measurements were performed on 17 subjects with focal seizure
      disorders. In all of the subjects, the interictal spike in the scalp
      electroencephalogram was associated with an orderly extracranial magnetic field
      pattern. In eight of these subjects, multiple current sources underlay the
      magnetic spike complex. The multiple sources within a given subject displayed a
      fixed chronological sequence of discharge, demonstrating a high degree of spatial
      and temporal organization within the interictal focus.

PMID- 6422553
TI  - Isolation, structure, and synthesis of a human seminal plasma peptide with
      inhibin-like activity.
AB  - A basic peptide isolated from pooled human seminal plasma exhibited inhibin-like
      activity by suppressing pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in vitro
      and in vivo. The peptide has been characterized and sequenced, and a 31-amino
      acid synthetic replicate showed full biological activity in vitro.

PMID- 6422554
TI  - Fiber-optic sensors for biomedical applications.
AB  - In this article the development of fiber-optic sensors for biomedical
      applications is reviewed. Light-carrying fibers are potentially useful in
      oximetry, dye dilution measurements, laser-Doppler velocimetry, and fluorometry;
      as physical sensors of temperature, pressure, and radiation; and as chemical
      sensors of pH, partial pressure of blood gases, and glucose. Emphasis is placed
      on the principles and ideas used in the various devices rather than on detailed
      descriptions or critical discussions.

PMID- 6422555
TI  - Tissue plasminogen activator: chemical and physiological aspects.

PMID- 6422556
TI  - Planning priorities and health care delivery in Nigeria.
AB  - Economic development had grave as well as beneficial effects on the health of a
      nation. While it might enhance health standards through better prevention,
      diagnosis and treatment of diseases, it could endanger health via new eating
      habits and a tempo of life not conductive to healthy living. These effects of
      development necessitate rational health planning, the main ingredients of which
      are manpower planning, physical planning to ensure an even and equitable
      distribution of medical facilities between urban and rural localities, measures
      to integrate traditional and orthodox medical practices and financial planning to
      ensure an adequate allocation of funds to the health sector. In spite of official
      declarations of intentions to effect a comprehensive health coverage for Nigeria,
      financial allocation and planning priorities have failed to reflect this. Planned
      capital expenditure for the health sector has consistently hovered around the 2%
      mark, only attaining 4.6% in the second development plan, 1970-1974. This low
      priority accorded the health sector manifests itself in inadequate medical
      manpower, facilities and coverage of the population by modern medical services.
      Meeting the health needs of the Nigerian population requires a substantial
      financial allocation, the integration of modern and traditional medical practices
      and the reorganisation and improved management of medical facilities.

PMID- 6422557
TI  - Health care financing: recent experience in Africa.
AB  - The economic realities of health sector development in Africa has been analyzed
      in this paper. Both the global and national macroeconomic context has been
      defined. Given the available data, it is clear that most African countries face
      increasingly serious economic realities, such as slow or even declining economic
      growth (per capita), a depressed food production situation, severe balance of
      payments crises, and increasing dependence on external financial assistance.
      Given the limited but increasingly available 1981 and 1982 data, the economic
      situation in many countries is more constrained than those indicated by the data
      contained in this paper. In this context, the potential competitive situation
      facing governmental health care systems was reviewed. In addition, the diversity
      in the sources of health expenditures between countries in Africa was
      highlighted. These data provide clear evidence that governments clearly do not
      finance the entire health care system and that individual payment for service in
      many countries represent an important source of revenue for many care providers
      in various health care systems operating in any given country. The potential for
      governments to finance either an expansion of or improvements to the government
      component of their health care systems is then reviewed. The highlights of this
      analysis include the following points. First, the tax structure in many African
      countries is highly dependent on export and import duties, which in turn creates
      dependency on sustained foreign demand for exports.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6422558
TI  - The Canadian health care system: an overview.
AB  - Although health care is a provincial responsibility in Canada, universal hospital
      insurance was fully adopted by 1961; universal medical insurance followed 10
      years later. Each province enacted universal insurance after the federal
      government offered to pay 50% of provincial hospital and medical care costs.
      Hospital insurance had wide public and provider support but universal medical
      care insurance was opposed by organized medicine. The federal government soon
      realized that it had no control over total expenditures and no mechanisms for
      controlling costs. In 1977 it enacted Bill C-37 which limited total federal
      contributions and made those contributions independent of provincial health care
      expenditures so that increased costs had to be met by the provinces. Since
      private health care insurance for universal benefits is prohibited by the federal
      terms of reference for health insurance, the provinces must raise the money by
      taxes and (in some provinces) premiums. Although prohibited by the terms of
      reference of the universal program, some provinces have adopted hospital user
      fees and are allowing their physicians to bill patients in excess of provincial
      fee schedules. The 1980s have seen increased confrontations between the federal
      and provincial governments and between the provinces and their providers. The
      issues are cost containment and control of the system. The provinces have two
      broad options. The first is more private funding through private insurance and
      user fees. The proposed new Canada Health Act will probably prohibit such
      charges. A second option involves greater control and management of the system by
      the provinces; this has already occurred in Quebec. Greater control is vigorously
      opposed by physicians and hospitals. The Canadian solution to health insurance
      problems in the past has been moderation. Extreme moves in either direction would
      represent a break with tradition, but they may prove to be unavoidable.

PMID- 6422559
TI  - Significance of serum antibodies to Histoplasma capsulatum in endemic areas.
AB  - To evaluate the specificity of serologic tests for histoplasmosis in an endemic
      area, we studied sera from 104 consecutive healthy blood donors, testing for
      antibodies to either histoplasmin or Histoplasma yeast antigen, using complement
      fixation (CF), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and radial immunodiffusion (ID). Twenty
      five subjects (24%) had CF antibody titers of 1:8 or 1:16 to one or both
      antigens; none had titers above 1:16. Nine subjects (9%) had RIA antibody titers
      of 1:8 or higher. No titers above 1:8 were found using the yeast antigen; five
      subjects had titers of greater than 1:16 to histoplasmin using RIA. No precipitin
      bands were found in any of these subjects. The results of four previous studies
      in endemic populations yielded similar or lower incidences of positive tests. CF
      antibody titers to either antigen, RIA antibody titers to yeast antigen of 1:32
      or greater, or precipitin bands are rare in persons who live where histoplasmosis
      is endemic.

PMID- 6422560
TI  - Endocrine metabolic emergencies.
AB  - Endocrine metabolic emergencies are common clinical entities seen by most health
      care professionals in acute care medicine. Except for cardiopulmonary arrest, few
      situations require such rapid institution of immediate drug therapy to reverse
      life-threatening metabolic imbalances. To safely guide patients through these
      situations, the physician requires a basic knowledge and familiarity with the
      approaches, indications, and limitations of drug therapy as a component of care.

PMID- 6422561
TI  - Extraordinary alkalemia and triple acid-base disturbance.

PMID- 6422562
TI  - Effect of a publicly funded tuberculosis service on the diagnosis of tuberculosis
      at a teaching hospital.
AB  - The speed and accuracy of diagnosis of tuberculosis on general medical teaching
      services were retrospectively compared to that on a designated publicly funded
      tuberculosis service and to recent discouraging reports in the literature. The
      diagnosis was confirmed in all patients on the designated service and in 78.8% of
      patients not on the designated service within one week. No patient was discharged
      undiagnosed. Acid-fast smears done by the hospital laboratory showed a
      sensitivity of 82.5% and a specificity of 98.4%. Radiologic reports indicated the
      presence of tuberculosis or cavities in 85% of chest x-ray films in patients with
      pulmonary disease. These results may indicate that a publicly funded tuberculosis
      service, by providing emphasis on tuberculosis, allows more rapid and accurate
      diagnosis of tuberculosis in all patients. The impact of such training on future
      health care delivery should be recognized when decisions regarding allocation of
      public funds are made.

PMID- 6422563
TI  - Cefoxitin therapy for Mycobacterium fortuitum bacteremia with associated
      granulomatous hepatitis.
AB  - Mycobacterium fortuitum bacteremia with granulomatous hepatitis complicating home
      cyclic parenteral nutrition through an indwelling Broviac catheter occurred in a
      41-year-old woman. She was successfully treated with intravenous cefoxitin and
      removal of the indwelling central catheter. The granulomatous hepatitis occurred
      in the apparent absence of mycobacteria from the liver. Incorrect identification
      of the organism as Corynebacterium J-K led to a change of antimicrobial therapy
      and clinical deterioration. It is recommended that acid-fast stains be done on
      "diphtheroids" when such isolates are suspected pathogens.

PMID- 6422564
TI  - [Soviet mycobacteriology today].

PMID- 6422565
TI  - [Cricopharyngeal myotomy in the treatment of parapharyngeal diverticula].

PMID- 6422566
TI  - Protein-energy malnutrition and associated variables among Indian pre-school
      children in a selected area of Natal.
AB  - The nutritional status patterns of a sample of 62 male and 64 female Indian pre
      school children in an urban area are reported. High figures for malnutrition were
      obtained on weight-for-age measures, and low figures on height-for-age measures.
      Intermediate figures for malnutrition were reported on weight-for-height
      measures. Birth order, family size, sex differences, maternal educational levels
      and family income were not significant variables. The importance of
      classification criteria is stressed and proposals of other relevant variables in
      community malnutrition are presented.

PMID- 6422567
TI  - Apnoeic diving safety--experimental approaches to oxygen augmentation.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine whether a volume of oxygen injected from a
      100 ml syringe and inhaled during a 10 m ascent would be exhaled again fully or
      partially by two experienced male divers. Each performed one apnoeic dive with
      and another without O2 augmentation. Analyses of mouth gas showed that the
      injected O2 had disappeared when the divers reached the surface. Any movement of
      the injected O2 to the alveoli through an open glottis probably resulted from
      simple diffusion as well as from agitation and mixing of gases by simulated
      respiratory activity. High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation applied by
      several authors, whereby sufficient gas exchange is achieved by oscillating small
      tidal volumes at frequencies of up to 900 per minute, may substantiate this
      possibility. The injected O2 was found also to have disappeared from the alveolar
      gas, shown by a comparison of O2 fraction differences between augmented and non
      augmented dives. Injection and inhalation of the additional O2 will raise the
      partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli and increase oxygen transfer across the
      alveolar membrane into the blood, with more molecules being taken up within
      seconds during the ascent time. O2 augmentation in larger volumes during apnoeic
      diving could lead to a burst lung and must be regarded with suspicion. There is
      evidence that O2 augmentation by means of a small syringe attached to a trained
      diver's snorkel will help prevent apnoeic blackout.

PMID- 6422568
TI  - Effects of divalent cations and functionally related substances on the yeast to
      mycelium transition in Sporothrix schenckii.
AB  - In a minimal basal medium with glucose at pH 4.0 and 25 degrees C, a lowering of
      the magnesium and zinc concentrations or increase in the calcium concentration of
      the medium favoured the yeast-mycelium transition in Sporothrix schenckii.
      Addition of zinc (1 and 10 mM) inhibited mycelial development and induced
      reversion to a yeast-like morphology. EDTA and EGTA also delayed germ tube
      formation, possibly by their calcium-chelating effects or by altering
      intracellular concentrations of this or other ions. Ionophore X537A also caused a
      delay in germ tube formation, possibly by interfering with magnesium metabolism
      in these cells.

PMID- 6422569
TI  - Posterior truncal vagotomy and anterior curve superficial seromyotomy as an
      alternative for the surgical management of chronic ulcer of the duodenum.
AB  - In this study, the value of anterior superficial seromyotomy and posterior
      truncal vagotomy without a supplemental gastric drainage procedure was assessed
      in patients operated upon for ulcers of the duodenum. The results revealed that
      this technique is a simple, safe and effective procedure for the management of
      patients with chronic ulcers of the duodenum. Indeed, it was shown that there was
      no mortality, a minimum of early morbidity and satisfactory results in terms of
      the effect on gastric secretory studies and the influence on gastric emptying
      capacity. Thus, significant reduction on the mean B. A. O. and M. A. O.
      preoperative values, negative postoperative insulin test results, complete
      absence of gastric stasis and a mean normal gastric emptying time in isotope
      gastric emptying studies was demonstrated.

PMID- 6422570
TI  - Reinsertion of a catheter for feeding jejunostomy.
AB  - A simple technique for the reinsertion of a feeding jejunostomy after its
      breakdown is described. The catheter of the old jejunostomy was used as a guide
      for the new one. This technique allows the old catheter to be changed by
      nonoperative means, thus avoiding a second laparotomy. No complications occurred
      following this procedure.

PMID- 6422571
TI  - Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Influences on cerebral hemodynamic and
      cerebrospinal fluid pressure--chemical autoregulation.
AB  - Blood flow in the cerebral gray matter was measured in normal pressure
      hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease by 133Xe inhalation. Flow values in the
      frontal and temporal gray matter increased after lowering cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) pressure by lumbar puncture in normal pressure hydrocephalus (p less than
      0.05) and also after shunting. One case with cerebral complications did not
      improve clinically. In Alzheimer disease the reverse (decreases in flow in the
      gray matter) occurred after removal of CSF. Normal pressure hydrocephalus was
      associated with impaired cerebral vasomotor responsiveness during 100% oxygen and
      5% carbon dioxide inhalation. This complication was restored toward normal after
      CSF removal and/or shunting. Cerebral blood flow measurements appear to be useful
      for confirming the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus and predicting the
      clinical benefit from shunting.

PMID- 6422572
TI  - Aluminum, parathyroid hormone, and osteomalacia.
AB  - Aluminum exposure in man is unavoidable. The occurrence of dialysis dementia,
      vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia, and hypochromic microcytic anemia in dialysis
      patients underscores the potential for aluminum toxicity. Although exposure via
      dialysate and hyperalimentation leads to significant tissue aluminum
      accumulation, the ubiquitous occurrence of aluminum and the severe pathology
      associated with large aluminum burdens suggest that smaller exposures via the
      gastrointestinal tract and lungs could represent an important, though largely
      unrecognized, public health problem. It is clear that some aluminum absorption
      occurs with the ingestion of small amounts of aluminum in the diet and medicines,
      and even greater aluminum absorption is seen in individuals consuming large
      amounts of aluminum present in antacids. Aluminum absorption is enhanced in the
      presence of elevated circulating parathyroid hormone. In addition, elevated PTH
      leads to the preferential deposition of aluminum in brain and bone. Consequently,
      PTH is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of toxicities in those organs.
      PTH excess also seems to lead to the deposition of aluminum in the parathyroid
      gland. The in vitro demonstration that aluminum inhibits parathyroid hormone
      release is consistent with the findings of a euparathyroid state in dialysis
      patients with aluminum related vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia. Nevertheless, it
      seems likely that hyperparathyroidism is at least initially involved in the
      pathogenesis of aluminum neurotoxicity and osteomalacia; the increases in tissue
      aluminum stores are followed by suppression of parathyroid hormone release, which
      is required for the evolution of osteomalacia. Impaired renal function is not a
      prerequisite for increased tissue aluminum burdens, nor for aluminum-related
      organ toxicity. Consequently, it is likely that these diseases will be observed
      in populations other than those with chronic renal disease.

PMID- 6422573
TI  - Screening for visual field abnormalities with automated perimetry.
AB  - Recent studies indicate that automated perimetry can serve as an effective method
      of screening for visual field abnormalities associated with ophthalmologic and
      neurologic disorders. The techniques have been successfully applied to the
      private practitioner's office for screening of patients and to mass visual field
      screening of the general population. This paper describes the principles
      underlying automated perimetric screening, evaluates the capabilities and
      limitations of such techniques, and provides some general guidelines for using
      automated perimetric screening procedures.

PMID- 6422574
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis in screening. Unexplained visual loss.
AB  - Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are accounting
      techniques that have been applied to medical decision-making. These techniques
      are applied here to two alternative diagnostic strategies in the work-up of
      patients with "unexplained visual loss." The first uses the results of visual
      field examination to decide if patients should have a CT scan ("visual field
      strategy"), the second bypasses visual fields and orders a CT scan on all
      patients ("CT strategy"). The analysis reveals that the visual field strategy is
      cost-effective only if perimetrists are able to identify hemianopic field defects
      in more than 80% of cases. It is doubtful that perimetrists are presently as
      accurate as that. These conclusions must be considered tentative since the
      epidemiologic data that support them are often weak. Another drawback in applying
      such an analysis to medical problem-solving is that costs may not accurately
      reflect patient valuations and choices. Nevertheless, in forcing a more
      comprehensive consideration of the effects of medical decisions, CEA/CBA is
      likely to promote increased cost-consciousness and epidemiologic research.

PMID- 6422575
TI  - The value of screening for glaucoma with tonometry.
AB  - This paper estimates the value of performing Schiotz tonometry to detect glaucoma
      in an asymptomatic patient. About 9% of adults over 40 will be found on a single
      Schiotz tonometry test to have elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). On work-up,
      about 1 out of 50 of these individuals with high IOP will be found to have
      glaucoma. Tonometry, however, will miss about half of all patients with glaucoma
      because they do not have elevated IOPs at the time of the test. Pilocarpine or
      epinephrine are the most commonly used drugs to treat the disease, but they are
      not always effective in lowering a patient's IOP or in stopping the progression
      of field defects. From the available evidence it does not appear that earlier
      diagnosis makes a substantial difference in the patient's outcome. If all
      individuals over 40 years of age in a city of 1,000,000 were screened, the total
      cost of finding and treating about 484 people with chronic simple glaucoma would
      be on the order of $4,944,866 or about $13,000 per patient potentially benefited.
      Screening with tonometry does not appear to be warranted.

PMID- 6422576
TI  - Glaucoma screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis.
AB  - We designed an intricate model of the process of glaucoma screening, diagnosis,
      and treatment in order to evaluate the medical care costs of such efforts in
      relation to the benefits in terms of quality-adjusted years of vision saved,
      utilizing the economic principles of cost-effectiveness analysis. Although a
      relatively limited data base and numerous assumptions concerning the accuracy of
      diagnostic tests, the natural history of ocular hypertension and glaucoma, and
      the effectiveness of available treatment modalities, limit our ability to draw
      definitive conclusions concerning the cost-effectiveness of various glaucoma
      screening options, our analysis indicates that glaucoma screening is probably
      cost-effective when targeted at certain subgroups of the population. Our analysis
      suggests that changes in several aspects of existing screening policies may be
      appropriate if cost-effectiveness is to be used as one of the criteria for the
      efficient allocation of resources to and within screening programs. Specifically,
      combinations of screening tests and screening targeted at high risk populations
      such as blacks, diabetics, and relatives of glaucoma patients are probably more
      cost-effective than screening of the general population with a single test. In
      younger populations, the importance of detecting ocular hypertension argues for
      the use of tonometry. Ophthalmoscopy may be more cost-effective in older age
      groups in whom the higher prevalence of glaucoma outweighs the need for
      identifying ocular hypertensives. In the very elderly, automated perimetry
      becomes cost-effective since the detection of established field loss will have
      greater yield. In addition, it is evident that diversion of resources away from
      actual screening efforts and towards efforts aimed at improving follow-up and
      compliance would be an additional cost-effective strategy.

PMID- 6422577
TI  - Ultrastructure of trypan blue-induced ocular defects II. Cornea and mesenchyme.
AB  - Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the histological and
      cytological alterations induced in the developing eye by trypan blue were
      examined. Microphthalmic and anophthalmic eyes were analyzed from 16-day rat
      fetuses whose dams had received a teratogenic dose of trypan blue. Cell and
      tissue damage within cornea and mesenchyme were assessed. Corneas from the
      treated groups were undulating and uneven owing to abnormal lens placement and
      corneal cell injury. Extensive extracellular spacing, few cell-to-cell contacts,
      patchy glycocalyces, and abnormal surface morphology characterized the corneal
      cells of treated tissues. Mesenchyme of severely malformed eyes typically filled
      the eye field in regions normally occupied by retina and lens. As a tissue,
      mesenchyme lacked organization and those surface features normally present in
      component cells were altered. Mesenchymal cells were packed so closely that
      extracellular spaces were nearly obliterated. Microvilli, filopodia, and
      lamellipodia, cell processes observed in normal mesenchyme, were altered in both
      number and structure. The cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells was condensed and
      decreased in volume. These data suggested that 1) in this trypan blue ocular
      model, virtually all major tissue types were morphologically altered; 2) because
      healthy mesenchyme and cornea are required for normal development of lens, optic
      vesicle and ocular adnexa it follows that abnormal cornea and mesenchyme also
      will compromise these tissues; and 3) since necrotic reminants were not present,
      this trypan blue model probably causes developmental arrest. The most likely
      teratogenic pathway is presented with emphasis on the cell surface as a probable
      site of dye action.

PMID- 6422578
TI  - Importance of viruses and Legionella pneumophila in respiratory exacerbations of
      young adults with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - From January to April 1980 46 young adults with cystic fibrosis were studied for
      evidence of infection with a wide variety of microorganisms, including viruses
      and Legionella pneumophila. Two groups of patients were investigated: a
      "deteriorated" group of 24 patients who had experienced an increase in lower
      respiratory tract symptoms and fall in lung function values in the course of one
      month before the start of the study and a "stable" group of 22 patients with no
      such deterioration. All serological tests were repeated at one month and then one
      year after the beginning of the study. A fourfold rise in titres of antibodies to
      various viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Coxiella burnetii was obtained in
      seven (29%) of the deteriorated group but in only one (4.5%) of the stable group
      (p less than 0.05). One other patient showed a fourfold rise in L pneumophila
      antibody titre (on the basis of the indirect fluorescent antibody test), which
      was accompanied by a respiratory illness consistent with legionnaires' disease.
      Eight of the 46 patients (17.4%) had demonstrable titres of antibody against L
      pneumophila (1/32 or above).

PMID- 6422579
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to factor IX: characterization and use in immunoassays for
      factor IX.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to factor IX have been characterized for potential use in
      purification of factor IX and for analysis of factor IX abnormalities seen in
      hemophilia B and other conditions. The properties of six monoclonal antibodies to
      factor IX are summarized in this report. Antibodies were selected for diverse
      reactions with factor IX and activated factor IX and which had been transferred
      to nitrocellulose. Two antibodies showed preference for the heavy chain of
      activated factor IX, one antibody showed preference for the intact factor IX
      molecule while three antibodies reacted with the heavy chain of activated factor
      IX and the intact factor IX molecule equally. Five monoclonal antibodies
      inhibited factor IX clotting activity. Two antibodies, most specific for factor
      IX by competitive binding assays, have proved to be useful in immunoassays for
      factor IX antigen in normal plasmas and in samples from hemophilia B patients.

PMID- 6422580
TI  - [Transdermal nitroglycerin treatment].

PMID- 6422581
TI  - Private payment for long-term care: the untapped mechanism.

PMID- 6422582
TI  - Financing long-term care: the investor's perspective.

PMID- 6422583
TI  - Optimal long-term health care for the elderly: an acute care hospital's
      perspective.

PMID- 6422584
TI  - Inhibition of the uptake of nucleosides in cultured Harding-Passey melanoma cells
      by diflubenzuron.
AB  - Diflubenzuron (DFB) significantly inhibited the uptake of uridine, adenosine, and
      cytidine but not thymidine, in cultured Harding-Passey melanoma cells. Inhibition
      of nucleoside uptake was rapid (i.e., less than or equal to 5 min) and could not
      be reversed by washing. These results suggest that DFB may affect membrane
      properties and - as shown by in vivo tests - growth of melanoma cells.

PMID- 6422585
TI  - Accumulation of a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (Aroclor 1016) in
      adult rhesus monkeys and their nursing infants.
AB  - Female rhesus monkeys (24) were divided into 3 groups and fed diets calculated to
      contain 1.0, 0.25 or 0 parts per million (ppm) of a commercial mixture of
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Aroclor 1016. The animals consumed a calculated
      total of 18.1 +/- 3.1, 4.5 +/- 0.6 and 0 mg Aroclor 1016/kg of body weight over
      the 87 +/- 9 week experimental period. All animals were bred, conceived and
      experienced uncomplicated pregnancies. The birth weights of the infants born to
      females receiving the 1.0 ppm PCB diets were significantly less than those of the
      control infants. There was a positive relationship between the levels of Aroclor
      1016 in the tissues and the dose administered in the diets. Aroclor 1016 content
      of infant tissues was consistent with maternal adipose tissue PCB levels. The
      content of Aroclor 1016 in the milk fat of the animals more closely approximated
      that in the individual's adipose tissue than in the serum. At weaning, the
      mesenteric fat of the experimental infants contained concentrations of Aroclor
      1016 which were 4-7 times that found in the mothers. Analyses of the tissues and
      fluids of the experimental animals demonstrated accumulation of PCB isomerides.
      The number of isomerides present and the ratio of those detected differed between
      adult and infants as well as between milk and serum. After weaning, the pattern
      of Aroclor 1016 isomerides present in the infants' adipose was similar to that
      observed at weaning although the concentrations had decreased.

PMID- 6422586
TI  - Evaluation of acute toxicity of carbaryl and malathion to freshwater teleosts,
      Channa punctatus (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).
AB  - Bioassay tests evaluated the acute toxicity of carbaryl (a carbamate) (50%
      wettable powder, W.P.), and malathion (50% E.C.) (an organophosphate) (50%
      emulsifiable concentrate; E.C.) by determining their LC50 and the acute toxic
      ranges for 24, 48 and 72, and 96-h exposure to Channa punctatus (Bl.) and
      Heteropneustes fossilis (Bl.). Regression equations and slope functions were
      determined for different time periods. The relative susceptibility of the fish,
      the relative toxicity, and the safe concentrations of these biocides were
      calculated on the basis of LC50 for 96 h. C. punctatus was found to be relatively
      more susceptible to both the compounds, while malathion was the more toxic of the
      two biocides.

PMID- 6422587
TI  - Effects of mild hypercapnia on somatosensory evoked potentials in experimental
      cerebral ischemia.
AB  - In a previous report, the authors demonstrated the effectiveness of mild
      hypercapnia in enhancing decreased perfusion flow in ischemic, non-infarcted
      brain tissues. However, the previous work lacked in verification of improvement
      of suppressed brain function. Therefore, this report was attempted to evaluate
      the effect of hypercapnia on somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), using the
      similar ischemic model as previously. The results showed that mild hypercapnia of
      43 to 55 mm Hg range was beneficial not only for enhancing decreased perfusion
      flow but also for restoring suppressed SEP. This report seems to be the first
      publication which verifies a presence of correlation between local cortical blood
      flow (LCBF) and SEP under mild hypercapnia in mildly to moderately ischemic brain
      tissues.

PMID- 6422588
TI  - Hypoxia induced preferential ketone utilization by rat brain slices.
AB  - When exposed to hypoxia, intact mice, with elevated blood ketones, live longer
      than mice with normal blood ketones. To evaluate a possible mechanism responsible
      for this phenomenon a rat brain slice preparation was used to determine if brain
      tissue would utilize glucose or ketones preferentially during exposure to reduced
      oxygen. Reducing available oxygen in the incubation medium from 95%, in steps, to
      5% produced the expected gradual reduction in the carbon dioxide formation from
      glucose. In contrast, reducing the oxygen level to 40 and 20% resulted in a
      statistically significant stimulation of the production of carbon dioxide from
      the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate. At very low oxygen levels carbon dioxide
      production from either substrate was reduced. These results are consistent with
      the hypothesis that ketones can be used in addition to glucose as a substrate for
      brain energy production even during reduced oxygen availability. If the increase
      in carbon dioxide production from ketones can be equated with an increase in
      energy production from this supplemental substrate then ketones may be
      therapeutically useful in avoiding the collapse of brain function during moderate
      hypoxia.

PMID- 6422589
TI  - Glucagon stimulates ketone utilization by rat brain slices.
AB  - Glucagon has been shown previously to increase further the enhanced tolerance for
      hypoxia observed in mice with elevated blood ketones. Glucagon is also known to
      increase blood glucose and to alter directly the metabolism of some (liver)
      cells. Both the increase in blood glucose and altered cellular metabolism could
      contribute to the increase in tolerance for hypoxia observed in mice given
      glucagon in combination with the ketone, beta-hydroxybutyrate. To evaluate the
      systemic component of this hypothesis, blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and
      glucagon were elevated alone or simultaneously and hypoxic tolerance of mice was
      measured. To identify possible cellular effects of glucagon on glucose or ketone
      metabolism, we measured the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose or beta
      hydroxybutyrate into CO2 or total lipid in isolated rat brain slices. Both
      glucagon and glucose increased hypoxic tolerance of ketotic mice but our data do
      not support the hypothesis that glucagon's action was only through an elevation
      of blood glucose. In brain slices glucagon stimulated the incorporation of beta
      hydroxybutyrate into CO2 both in the presence or absence of additional glucose.
      These results demonstrate that glucagon has a direct effect on brain metabolism
      which may contribute to the increased tolerance for hypoxia. They, however, do
      not exclude the possibility that glucagon is working in addition to increase
      hypoxic survival in ketotic mice by increasing the availability of glucose to the
      brain.

PMID- 6422591
TI  - [The 10th anniversary of the School of Dental Hygiene, Zurich. Position and
      outlook].

PMID- 6422590
TI  - Age-matched normal values and topographic maps for regional cerebral blood flow
      measurements by Xe-133 inhalation.
AB  - The relationship between normal aging and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
      computed as initial slope index (ISI) by Fourier method was investigated in 105
      right-handed healthy volunteers (132 measurements) by Xe-133 inhalation method,
      and age-matched normal values were calculated. Mean brain ISI values showed
      significant negative correlation with advancing age (r = 0.70, p less than
      0.001), and the regression line and its 95% confidence interval was Y = -0.32 (X 
      19) + 63.5 +/- 11.2 (19 less than or equal to X less than or equal to 80).
      Regional ISI values also showed significant negative correlations for the entire
      brain (p less than 0.001). The regional reductions of ISI values with advancing
      age were significantly greater in the regional distribution of the middle
      cerebral arteries bilaterally, compared with regions in the distribution of the
      other arteries (p less than 0.05). Therefore, measured rCBF values for patients
      must be compared to age-matched normal values for mean hemispheric and each
      region examined. Two kinds of topographic maps, brain map showing rCBF compared
      to age-matched normal values and showing hemispheric differences were made by
      dividing patient's values by the 95% confidence limits for age-matched normal
      values and displaying laterality index calculated as follows, respectively.
      (formula; see text) These maps were useful for evaluating significantly decreased
      or increased regions and regional hemispheric differences.

PMID- 6422592
TI  - [The quintessence of 30 years of teeth].

PMID- 6422593
TI  - Modification of allograft immunogenicity in perinatal islets isolated and
      purified in vitro.
AB  - Perinatal rat islets of Langerhans, isolated and cultured in vitro, were examined
      following long-term allotransplantation across a major histocompatibility barrier
      in nonimmunosuppressed recipients. Islets were isolated to varying degrees of
      purity without the use of collagenase digestion. Newborn bovine serum was a
      component of the incubation medium and the atmosphere during culture was air: 5%
      CO2. Islets transplanted without rigorous purification were fully rejected by 14
      days posttransplantation. However, if islets were maintained in subculture,
      permitting their subsequent meticulous purification, no evidence of rejection was
      observed after 45 days at the kidney subcapsular site. Grafts consisted of
      morphologically intact islets. The three major endocrine cell types of the islet
      were identified by immunocytochemical localization of insulin, glucagon, and
      somatostatin. These results demonstrate that perinatal islets can exhibit altered
      immunogenicity, as evidenced by prolonged allograft survival, when isolated and
      purified by the nonenzymic in vitro method.

PMID- 6422594
TI  - Pathogenic organisms in chronic suppurative otitis media in Enugu, Nigeria.
AB  - Pathogenic organisms in chronic suppurative otitis media from 62 patients were
      identified. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was responsible in 46%, Staphylococcus aureus
      in 29%. Proteus mirabilis in 13%, Streptococcus pyogenes in 6%, Aspergillus niger
      in 5% and Mucor sp. in 2%. The most prevalent organism in children was
      Staphylococcus aureus. The role of fungi in chronic suppurative otitis media is
      discussed.

PMID- 6422595
TI  - Prognosis of seizures in medically-treated adolescent and adult Nigerian
      epileptics.
AB  - One hundred and four unselected adolescent and adult epileptics treated in Lagos
      University Teaching Hospital were followed up for 3 years to determine their
      seizure prognosis. We found 37% completely free of seizures; marked improvement
      in 30%, moderate improvement in 11%, slight improvement in 10% and no improvement
      in seizure control in 13% of the patients. The study also indicated that
      prognosis of seizure control is more favourable: (a) in generalised than in
      partial epilepsy; (b) in patients with onset of seizures after the age of 10
      years and in particular after the age of 30 years; (c) in patients with less
      frequent seizures; (d) in patients who started treatment within 2 years of onset
      of seizures; (e) in patients who had initially a normal EEG. The prognosis of
      seizure control was less favourable in patients who were treated with native
      herbs by traditional healers prior to hospital treatment probably because the
      majority of them started medical treatment later than 2 years after the onset of
      seizures. There was no relationship between seizure prognosis and the number of
      anti-epileptic drugs taken by the patients. Most of the patients (79%) claimed
      they took drugs regularly although there were no serum levels to confirm these
      claims. There was no relationship between seizure prognosis and drug compliance
      as claimed by the patients.

PMID- 6422596
TI  - [Expression of the genes for lysine biosynthesis of Bacillus subtilis in
      Escherichia coli cells].
AB  - Hybrid plasmids pLRS33 and pLRB4 containing Bac. subtilis genes coding lysin
      biosynthesis were subjected to genetical analysis. It is shown that after pLRS33-
      and pLRB4- transformation of E. coli strains, auxotrophic relative to lysin and
      diaminopimelic acid, there occurs complementation of dapA, dapB, dapC, dapD,
      dapE, lysA mutations by plasmid pLRS33 and of dapC, dapB, lysA mutations by
      plasmid pLRB4. The plasmids are studied for their influence on the level of lysin
      and its precurror synthesis in E. coli strains.

PMID- 6422597
TI  - [Functional and structural changes in the surface of human erythrocytes after
      irradiation with UV rays of various wave lengths. I. The expression of ABO and
      rhesus system antigens].
AB  - UV irradiation (254 nm) in doses increasing erythrocyte haemolysis by 5, 10, 18
      and 28 per cent was found to stimulate, by 2--16 times, the agglutination
      activity of ABO and Rh system antigens. The stimulation effect was the higher the
      lower the antigen activity before irradiation. In the Rh-negative (Rh-)
      erythrocytes, irradiation induced manifestation of the Rh0(D)-antigen specific
      activity suggesting that this antigen may be present in the Rh- erythrocyte
      membrane. The expression of Rh0(D)-antigen in Rh- erythrocytes, the stimulation
      of its activity in Rh-positive cells, and the activation of ABO system antigens
      may result from a photochemical destruction of the outer perimembraneous layer
      and release some of its components which stain in situ with alcian blue to be
      presumably glycoproteins. This effect is necessary to keep in mind when UV
      irradiated blood transfusion is performed in therapeutic aims Rh- patients.

PMID- 6422598
TI  - [Changes in the intracellular localization of pepsinogen-synthesizing polysomes
      in the gastric mucosa of rats during N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced
      carcinogenesis].
AB  - A study was made of the distribution of pepsinogen-synthesizing polyribosomes in
      the rat's stomach mucous membrane, in the process of chemical carcinogenesis
      induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrozoguanidine. A sharp decrease in the content
      and proteolytic activity of pepsin is shown in cytosol and membrane-bound
      polyribosomes of the mucous membrane of the rat stomach due to the inducing
      substance. The appearance of this enzymatic activity is noted in free
      polyribosomes isolated from the rat stomach tumours.

PMID- 6422599
TI  - Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to alloimmunization as a consequence of
      multiple transfusions and a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction in the mother.

PMID- 6422601
TI  - [Hexamethylmelamine (Hexastat)].

PMID- 6422600
TI  - [Continuing care units in Denmark? Thoughts after a trip to England].

PMID- 6422602
TI  - Some clinical applications of carbon dioxide laser in urologic surgery.
AB  - Four clinical cases are presented in which the carbon dioxide laser was used as
      an adjunct to control massive post-prostatectomy bleeding, minimize parenchymal
      damage in a patient with bilateral renal tumors and impaired renal function, and
      in bivalving the kidney in 2 patients with staghorn calculus in order to shorten
      operative time and reduce blood loss.

PMID- 6422603
TI  - Antibody-coated bacteria in ejaculate in bacterial prostatitis.
AB  - In patients with bacteriologically proved prostatitis (Stamey test) ejaculate was
      examined for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB). Forty-four of the 68 patients (65%)
      with bacteriologically proved prostatitis had ACB in the ejaculate, but only 7 of
      89 patients (8%) with prostatodynia. Concomitantly, coeruloplasmin and complement
      (C3) concentrations in the ejaculate were examined by radial immunodiffusion
      (RID). The ACB test had much higher specificity (92%) than RID, and the
      sensitivity of ACB was 65 per cent.

PMID- 6422604
TI  - [True gastric diverticulum].

PMID- 6422605
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by fistula of the abdominal aorta and
      duodenal diverticulum].

PMID- 6422606
TI  - [The effect of preventive administration of vitamin A and E to piglets fed a
      complete mixture].
AB  - Four trials were conducted with 258 sucking and weaned piglets to examine the
      need of additional vitamin A and E supplements and the applicability of such
      supplements as intramuscular injection. The neonatal administration of retinol
      acetate alone or in mixture with testosterone-propionate exerted no influence on
      the growth of piglets. The levels of vitamin A in blood plasma and in liver were
      just slightly higher than in the control sibs at the moment of early weaning and
      three weeks afterwards. The intramuscular administration of retinol-acetate and
      tocopherol-acetate to piglets at early weaning had no positive effect on the
      growth and health conditions of the animals. With a decreased intake of feed
      mixture after weaning, the mentioned treatment did not provide the usual increase
      in circulating vitamin A; it increased its content in liver but failed to prevent
      considerable reduction of tocopherolaemia. As indicated by an evaluation
      performed two days after administration, the peroral intake of vitamins A and E
      showed higher effects on vitamin A and E levels in blood plasma and on vitamin A
      level in liver, as compared with the intramuscular administration of the same
      dose. The preventive injection of vitamins A and E to piglets did not increase
      the economic profits when the sows and piglets were fed with the current complete
      mixtures. The discussion deals with the problems of supplying vitamin E to weaned
      piglets.

PMID- 6422607
TI  - [Relation between the mineral content of cow's milk, the quantity of milk and the
      fat content of the milk].
AB  - The reverse evaluation of the effect of the content of minerals in milk on the
      milk yield per day and on the milk fat content indicated that the milk of less
      productive cows had a significantly higher content of sodium and a highly
      significantly higher content of magnesium, as compared with the higher-yielding
      cows. The milk with a higher content of fat showed a highly significant
      difference in the content of calcium and a significant difference in the content
      of potassium in favour of the less productive cows. The content of phosphorus in
      milk and the daily milk yield bear a significant relation. The group of cows with
      higher milk yields showed a highly significant positive relation between the
      content of calcium, potassium and sodium in milk on the one hand and the fat
      content in milk on the other. The lower-yielding cows were found to have a
      significant negative relation between sodium and fat content in milk. The results
      suggest that minerals are involved in the metabolism in cows' organisms, thus
      influencing the production of milk and the content of fat in milk.

PMID- 6422608
TI  - [The immunoprotein profile of calves raised under extremely healthy conditions].
AB  - The immuno-protein profile of calves was studied. On the basis of the results
      obtained under extreme health conditions, attention is drawn to the incidence of
      subnormal values of total immunoglobulins in 74%, and hypoproteinaemia in 24%, of
      the calves in the first week after birth. Failure to respect the principles of
      colostral nutrition is also indicated by the finding of a marked immunodeficient
      state in 49% of the calves during the first three days of their life; 19% of the
      calves showed threshold values of total immunoglobulins. During the first 72
      hours of life, a physiological concentration of total immunoglobulins was
      recorded only in 30% of the studied calves. In this group, hypoproteinaemia was
      recorded only in calves whose total immunoglobulin concentration was 2.66 +/-
      1.45 U ZST, on the average. Within the studied age categories of calves, the
      lowest simultaneous levels of immunoglobulins and total protein were recorded in
      the third and fourth week of life. It was even in the seventh to eighth week post
      partum that up to 31% of the calves showed subnormal values of total
      immunoglobulins. Immunopoiesis as such depended on the level of colostral
      immunity.

PMID- 6422610
TI  - [Growth characteristics of fetal bovine cells in vitro].

PMID- 6422609
TI  - [Determination of sodium chloride in preserving brines using ion selective
      electrodes].
AB  - The determination of sodium chloride content in salt brines is important for many
      reasons, including that of influencing the organoleptic properties of final
      products already prior to production. The method of determination by direct
      potentiometry is rapid, simple, requires no chemicals and has sufficient accuracy
      for use in producers' laboratories. The comparison of both methods of sodium
      chloride determination--direct potentiometry and direct titration without
      previous adjustment of samples--showed that titration gave higher sodium chloride
      levels (by 2.5 g per litre, i. e. 2.15%) than did ISE determination. For current
      laboratory examinations and for sodium chloride determination in meat plants,
      this difference is almost negligible. However, if sodium chloride is to be
      determined by the so called conclusive method, the measurement cannot be
      performed without previous mineralization of samples and without the use of
      buffer to damp down the effect of interfering ions.

PMID- 6422611
TI  - Effect of reduced daylight length on oestrus occurrence and superovulatory
      response in ewes treated with follicle stimulating hormone during the non
      breeding season.
AB  - Twenty-three non-pregnant merino ewes were divided randomly into two groups (A
      and B) during the non-breeding season (December and January). Group A (treated)
      was subjected to 16 hours of darkness and eight hours of daylight, while group B
      (control) was subjected to 14.5 hours of daylight per day. Seven ewes out of 12
      from the treated group and five out of 11 from the control group showed oestrus
      within four weeks; the difference was not significant. Ewes from both groups were
      then superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone-P after 14 days of
      intravaginal sponge treatment. Following sponge withdrawal, group A manifested
      oestrus earlier (P less than 0.05), had more ovulations and subsequently more
      embryos were recovered (P less than 0.01) than group B. However, the subsequent
      oestrous cycle length and the functional lifespan of the resultant corpora lutea,
      as indicated by the plasma progesterone levels was the same in the two groups.

PMID- 6422612
TI  - Homoeopathic treatment of partial epilepsy.

PMID- 6422613
TI  - Lead poisoning in cygnets.

PMID- 6422614
TI  - Haematological and biochemical changes in buffalo calves inoculated with
      Sarcocystis fusiformis from cats.
AB  - Two groups of buffalo calves were infected with Sarcocystis fusiformis
      sporocysts. Animals of the first group received each 5 X 10(5) sporocysts, those
      of the second group 5 million sporocysts. All calves were clinically normal
      during 6 weeks after infection. Minor changes were observed in the blood
      cytology, serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase, total proteins, urea and glucose of infected buffalo
      calves.

PMID- 6422616
TI  - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with special reference to lysosomal dysfunction. A case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - In addition to the triad in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (tyrosine-positive
      oculocutaneous albinism, mild bleeding tendency with a normal platelet-count and
      widespread accumulation of ceroid-like pigment in various organs), we document
      severe pulmonary fibrosis, pseudomelanosis coli and deeply pigmented renal
      cortex. In the liver, innumerable number of pigment-laden Kupffer cells and
      macrophages in the Glisson capsule were seen. Interestingly, many intralysosomal
      accumulations of the pigment within the hepatocytes were found by electron
      microscopy, suggesting that these configurations possibly resulted from a
      dysfunction of the lysosome itself, especially with regard to loss of digestive
      and secretory activity. The triad and other complications may also be resultants
      of a lysosomal dysfunction.

PMID- 6422615
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of human proximal tubules and cortical interstitium in
      chronic renal disease (hydronephrosis).
AB  - A systematic ultrastructural analysis of proximal tubule atrophy and cortical
      interstitial changes was carried out in human chronic nephropathy. The
      investigation was based on human hydronephrotic kidneys, which had been
      surgically removed and subsequently perfusion-fixed for light and electron
      microscopy. Normal kidney tissue, which was derived from nephrectomy specimens
      with pathological changes confined to part of the kidney or to the renal pelvis,
      was used for control material. A slight degree of proximal tubule atrophy was
      characterized by reduction of mitochondria and basolateral membranes, enlargement
      of large endocytic vacuoles and increased numbers of lysosomes containing
      lamellar material. In moderate atrophy these changes were further accentuated,
      and in addition there was an increasing loss of microvilli and a reduction of
      endocytic invaginations and small endocytic vacuoles. In severe atrophy all types
      of organelles were sparse and the architecture of the tubule cells greatly
      simplified. A distinctive feature of atrophic tubules was the presence in the
      tubule cells of large bundles of actin-like filaments, which were often
      associated with outpouchings of basal cell parts and basement membrane. The
      reduction of mitochondria and basolateral cell membranes and the changes of
      endocytic vacuoles and lysosomes indicate that proximal tubule atrophy also in
      early stages may be associated with impairment of tubular transport processes.
      Comparisons with previous observations in various types of experimentally induced
      tubule cell degeneration and with the ultrastructure of regenerating proximal
      tubule cells provide some evidence that degenerative changes as well as imperfect
      regeneration of tubule cells may contribute to the alterations of ultrastructure
      in tubular atrophy. It is suggested that changes of the cortical interstitium may
      be of pathogenic importance for the progression of tubular atrophy by altering
      the spatial relationships between tubules and capillaries.

PMID- 6422617
TI  - The encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study
      of 35 cases.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 86 follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland, 35
      lesions were classified as encapsulated carcinomas (40.7%). In two of these,
      lymph node metastases were detected initially. Another patient presented with
      distant metastases. The biological behaviour of these 35 tumours was studied over
      a long-term follow-up period (0.4-19.1 years, mean 10.3 years) which featured
      three cases of death from thyroid carcinoma 0.4-5.0 years after thyroidectomy.
      Another patient suffered from local recurrence of a follicular carcinoma 13.9
      years later. The morphological and clinical findings of those five patients who
      initially presented with metastases and/or whose follow-up registered the local
      recurrence of thyroid cancer or death as a result of it, were compared with the
      remaining 30 cases which were of a benign clinical course. Statistical analysis
      showed that the prognosis of encapsulated follicular carcinoma is more serious
      when tumours occur in patients older than 65 years of age and when the tumour
      diameter is 5.0 cm or more. There was a tendency towards poorer prognosis in
      those tumours exclusively composed of oxyphilic epithelium.

PMID- 6422618
TI  - Fibroblast changes in cutaneous ageing.
AB  - With ageing there are progressive modifications in the connective tissue of the
      dermis. In ten young subjects the collagenous bundles are thick and the
      fibroblasts are active cells in close contact with collagen fascicles. In ten
      elderly subjects collagen fibres are fragmented and the fibroblasts are
      quiescent, without any contact with collagen. In ageing the most important lesion
      is the destruction of the relationship between fibroblasts and interstitial
      matrix. A role for fibronectin in this adhesion is suggested: in old subjects the
      papillary network of fibronectin is poorly developed. Furthermore, in the
      fibroblast we can see architectural changes in the cytoskeleton; this
      modification breaks up the cytoskeleton - plasma membrane - fibronectin unit and
      explains the secretory and metabolic changes observed in ageing, the dysfunction
      of the cell-interstitial matrix unit, and also the structural changes.

PMID- 6422619
TI  - Epithelium of the human chorion laeve in diabetes mellitus. Light and electron
      microscopic examination.
AB  - The epithelium of human chorion laeve from pregnancies complicated by diabetes
      mellitus was examined under the light and electron microscopy. In comparison with
      normal chorion laeve, the epithelium of chorion laeve in diabetes mellitus shows
      the following morphological changes: The trophoblast cells display more
      microvilli and cell processes on their surface. Trophoblast cells with different
      cytoplasmic characteristics can be seen. Some display few organelles and large
      glycogen depositions; other are rich in organelles. Furthermore, some cells with
      electron dense filaments and few cell organelles can be found. Necrotic cells are
      frequently present in the outer epithelial layers. The intercellular spaces in
      the epithelial layers near the basement membrane are narrower. Since vasculopathy
      of the decidual arteries with disturbance of blood circulation is often found in
      pathological pregnancies, we assume that the morphological changes found are due
      to deficiency in nutrient and oxygen supply.

PMID- 6422620
TI  - Concanavalin A binding and neuronal differentiation. A light microscopic study on
      neuronal tumours.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) acceptors have been demonstrated in large differentiated
      neurons in a previous paper. In order to elucidate the correlation between Con A
      binding in normal and neoplastic neurons and lectin binding dependence upon the
      differentiation grade, 26 tumours of the neuronal series were examined using
      formalin fixed and paraffin embedded biopsy specimen. The neoplasms included 3
      gangliocytomas, 7 gangliogliomas, 1 central neuroblastoma, 11 medulloblastomas, 2
      retinoblastomas, and 2 sympathicoblastomas. Well differentiated neurons in
      gangliocytomas and gangliogliomas expressed a high intracytoplasmic Con A
      acceptor density comparable to the feature in large non-neoplastic neurons. Less
      differentiated neurons and neuroblasts showed a weak perinuclear fine granular
      binding or an absolute lack of binding molecules, respectively. Our results
      suggest that in a variety of tumours, Concanavalin A receptor density in neurons
      depends upon the degree of differentiation of the cell. Well differentiated cells
      have a higher density than poorly differentiated neoplastic neurons.

PMID- 6422621
TI  - Niemann-Pick disease type C with enhanced glycolipid storage. Report on further
      case of so-called lactosylceramidosis.
AB  - A case of infantile neurovisceral disease was classified according to the
      morphological and chemical analysis of fixed tissue as a chemically different
      type of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type C, with glycolipids dominating the
      storage process. The diagnosis was reached on the basis of massive accumulation
      of neutral glycolipids in visceral storage elements (hepatocytes and macrophages)
      as an outstanding feature of lipid histochemistry. Chemical lipid analysis
      corroborated the findings by detecting a manyfold increase of glucosyl ceramide,
      lactosyl ceramide, ceramide trihexoside and GM3 ganglioside. In addition,
      macrophages contained variable quantities of sphingomyelin. The brain showed
      slightly increased quantities of lactosylceramide (Slower fraction) and glucosyl
      ceramide. Apart from the classical neuronal storage changes there was also marked
      neuroaxonal dystrophy. In terms of quality, the glycolipid spectrum was
      comparable to that of NPD type C, in terms of quantity, the changes were
      consistent with those in so-called lactosylceramidosis, which, however, was
      reclassified as NPD type C only recently. In our view, the present case is the
      second published observation of lactosylceramidosis classifiable as a glycolipid
      (GL) variety of NPD type C in which the normally considerable tendency to
      glycolipid storage is further enhanced while the storage of sphingomyelin is less
      expressed.

PMID- 6422622
TI  - Basal clear cells of the normal human breast.
AB  - The ductal system of the human breast consists of two major cell types:
      epithelial and myoepithelial. In some reports a third cell type, given various
      names is mentioned. In this study it is called a basal clear cell. The role of
      this cell, unlike that of the epithelial and myoepithelial cells, remains
      unclear, although it has been suggested that it may have a stem cell function. We
      illustrate here that there is an ultrastructural transition between the basal
      clear and myoepithelial cell; suggesting that it acts as a precursor of the
      myoepithelial cell, and may not be a stem cell for both epithelial and
      myoepithelial cells.

PMID- 6422623
TI  - Carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - A case of carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix is reported. The patient was a 76
      year-old Japanese woman with a complaint of vaginal bleeding. She was clinically
      diagnosed as stage IVb carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Light microscopically,
      the tumor was characterized by formation of solid cell nests and, in limited
      areas, glandular structures. The tumor cells in solid cells nests showed positive
      argyrophil reaction but were negative for argentaffin reaction. At the
      ultrastructural level, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contain numerous
      neurosecretory granules, microfilaments and well-developed Golgi complexes. On
      the bases of histochemical and electron microscopic features of tumor cells, the
      tumor was diagnosed as carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 6422624
TI  - Antibodies specific for the phi 29 terminal protein inhibit the initiation of DNA
      replication in vitro.
AB  - The phi 29 DNA-terminal protein serves as a primer for the initiation of DNA
      replication by covalently binding the first nucleotide in the DNA chain. Two
      distinct antibodies were used for functional analysis of this protein. One
      antibody was raised against sonicated phi 29 DNA-protein complex isolated from
      phage virions (anti-TP). The other antibody was raised against a conjugate of
      bovine serum albumin and a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy
      terminal of the phi 29 terminal protein (anti-gp3C), which was predicted from the
      nucleotide sequence of phi 29 DNA. Both antibodies react with native phi 29
      terminal protein as determined by immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Both antibodies specifically inhibit the complex-forming
      reaction between the phi 29 terminal protein and dAMP, the first nucleotide of
      phi 29 DNA.

PMID- 6422625
TI  - Carbohydrates of influenza virus. V. Oligosaccharides attached to individual
      glycosylation sites of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus.
AB  - The carbohydrate side chains of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus
      (A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1] have been localized by a procedure involving
      fragmentation of the polypeptide with cyanogen bromide and various proteases. The
      positions of the fragments were determined by radioactive labeling of the sugars
      and of specific amino acids. Side chains of the complex type I are attached to
      asparagine residues 12, 28, 123, 149, and 478. A mannose-rich (type II) side
      chain is linked to asparagine 406. Asparagine 231 is not glycosylated. The side
      chains attached to asparagine residues 12, 123, 149, and 478 contain sulfate.
      Glycopeptides derived by Pronase digestion from the individual attachment sites
      have been analyzed by their affinity to concanavalin A and Lens culinaris
      agglutinin. The results indicate that each glycosylation site has a typical set
      of heterogeneous oligosaccharides. Comparison of the glycosylation patterns of
      the hemagglutinins of FPV and other influenza A viruses reveals that the
      glycosylation sites at asparagine residues 12, 28, and 478, which are located at
      the base of the spike, are highly conserved. Mannose-rich side chains appear to
      be located preferentially at interfaces between the three monomers of a spike or
      between the globular and fibrous domains of a monomer.

PMID- 6422626
TI  - [Mycoplasma pneumonia in young persons].

PMID- 6422627
TI  - [Consecutive use of intal electrophoresis and inductothermy in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6422628
TI  - [Inhibition of gamma-amylase of the rabbit liver by biogenic amines and products
      of their oxidative deamination].
AB  - Products of oxidative deamination of biogenic amines (aldehydes) exhibited an
      inhibitory effect on rabbit liver gamma-amylase activity. The aldehydes, formed
      after serotonin and 2-phenylethylamine oxidation, proved to be most effective in
      these systems. Dopamine, noradrenaline and tyramine also caused a slight
      inhibitory action under these conditions. Biogenic amines and corresponding
      aldehydes participate apparently in regulation of gamma-amylolysis of glycogen in
      human and animal organisms.

PMID- 6422629
TI  - [Diurnal changes in the lysosomal enzyme activity of the liver of mice and rats].
AB  - Lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, acid DNAase, acid RNAase cathepsin D,beta
      galactosidase beta-glucuronidase were studied in mice and rat liver tissue within
      3 days beginning from 4 o'clock a.m. at 4 hrs intervals. Activities of acid
      phosphatase, acid RNA ase in mice liver tissue and of cathepsin D in rat and mice
      liver tissues was higher at morning and day time than at evening and night.
      Alterations in enzymatic activity of non-sedimenting fraction of mice liver
      tissue correlated with that of total activity. In non-sedimenting fraction of rat
      liver tissue the enzymatic activity was altered only slightly. Within the second
      half of a day the enzymatic activity redistributed in the cells with an increase
      of the activity in non-sedimenting fraction, caused by labilization of lysosomal
      membranes.

PMID- 6422630
TI  - [Content of serotonin, catecholamines and monoamine oxidase activity of the lung
      in disease].
AB  - Metabolism of catecholamines and serotonin was studied in experiments with
      ischemia of respiratory tissue and hypoxic hypoxia, in cases of acute and chronic
      inflammatory bronchopulmonary processes as well as in lung homogenates obtained
      from patients with bronchiectases. Long-term effects of ischemia, hypoxia and
      chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary process caused inhibition of oxidative
      deamination of monoamines, as a result of which the barrier function of lung
      might be impaired.

PMID- 6422631
TI  - [Enzymatic conversion of L-histidine to urocanic acid using immobilized histidase
      from the rat liver].
AB  - A procedure is described for immobilization of partially purified histidase by
      means of covalent binding of the enzyme with amino ethyl cellulose activated by
      glutaraldehyde. The preparation obtained was stable within 6 months at 5 degrees
      and within 40 days at 39 degrees. The preparation of immobilized histidase might
      be used for enzymatic synthesis of urocanic acid from histidine.

PMID- 6422632
TI  - Antithrombin III and related parameters in surgical patients receiving blood
      components.
AB  - We examined the intra- and postoperative behavior of antithrombin III (AT),
      factor V, VIII, and fibrinogen in 27 elective surgical patients without evidence
      of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and treated according to the
      concept of blood component therapy inaugurated at our hospital in 1975. The
      intraoperative depletions of AT and fibrinogen were proportional to the
      transfusion volumes and correlated significantly. AT, fibrinogen, and especially
      factor V and VIII were significantly mobilized during surgery. A greater
      intraoperative depletion of AT was significantly associated with a faster
      recovery during the first 24 postoperative h. The AT activity was virtually
      stable over a period of 4 weeks in CPD-adenine red cell concentrates; fresh
      frozen plasma and whole blood are thus not essential as a source of AT. The
      application of our concept did not increase the frequency of thromboembolic
      complications, despite the fact that the intraoperative AT values fell below the
      presumed 'critical' level of 60-70% in some patients. The probable reasons are
      the brief duration of such levels, the simultaneous depletion of coagulation
      promoting plasma constituents (e.g. fibrinogen), and the use of antithrombotic
      prophylaxis. Our results suggest no reasons for a routine use of fresh frozen
      plasma in patients with a loss and replacement of less than about 75% of their
      blood volume.

PMID- 6422633
TI  - A new monoclonal anti-A. Culture supernatants with the performance of hyperimmune
      human reagents.
AB  - By proper selection for good growth and high avidity, we have prepared a new anti
      A monoclonal antibody producing cell line that gives culture supernatants as
      potent as US-licensed commercial hyperimmune human reagents and which meet USA
      FDA standards without the need for concentration. The production and use of this
      reagent is cost effective and makes it a candidate to replace conventional anti-A
      typing reagents.

PMID- 6422634
TI  - Inactivation of hepatitis B and Hutchinson strain non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses
      by exposure to Tween 80 and ether.
AB  - Titrated stocks of hepatitis B virus and Hutchinson strain non-A, non-B hepatitis
      virus were diluted in normal serum to contain, respectively, greater than or
      equal to 10(6) and greater than or equal to 10(4) chimpanzee infectious doses
      (CID50) per milliliter and exposed to 1% Tween 80 and 20% ether at 4 degrees C
      for 18 h. After evaporation of the ether, the treated sera were each inoculated
      into two chimpanzees. The animals remained free of serologic and biochemical
      evidence of hepatitis during a 6-month follow-up period, and were then shown to
      be susceptible to infection by challenge with the original untreated inocula. To
      assess the effect of exposure to Tween 80/ether on coagulation factors, four lots
      of antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrate and 2 lots of commercial factor IX
      concentrate were treated as above. For the AHF concentrate there was an average
      of 70% recovery of factor VIII procoagulant activity, 93% recovery of factor VIII
      related antigen, and 73% recovery of fibronectin opsonin activity and no
      detectable change in ristocetin cofactor activity or in fibronectin antigen.
      Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed no change in migration rate of fibrinogen,
      fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF), although the quantity of fibrinogen
      was reduced. Factor VIII procoagulant activity and vWF activity remained
      associated during chromatography on BioGel A15.

PMID- 6422635
TI  - Donation procedure, fibrinopeptide A, and factor VIII.

PMID- 6422636
TI  - HLA-ABC and DR antigens in celiac disease. A study in a pediatric Italian
      population.
AB  - HLA phenotypes of 64 Italian pediatric patients with celiac disease (CD) were
      compared with those of a group of healthy controls. DR3 and DR7 are significantly
      increased as reported in other populations. In addition an increase of
      heterozygotes DR5/DR7 was observed in our patients. The Hardy-Weinberg
      distribution in the patients group shows a disequilibrium due to the genotype
      DR5/DR7. Our data confirm that more than one HLA gene product is associated with
      CD: one with DR3 and the other with DR7.

PMID- 6422637
TI  - Platelet preservation in large containers.
AB  - The influence of the size of the container on platelet concentrate storage at 20
      24 degrees C was examined. Baseline studies were obtained with 50 platelet
      concentrates in 300-ml PL-146 plastic containers. Experimental studies included 6
      platelet concentrates each in 300-, 600- and 2,000-ml containers made of PL-146
      plastic. Platelet count, total platelets, pO2, pCO2, pH, glucose consumption,
      lactate production, platelet morphology and recovery by platelets to osmotic
      stress were monitored during storage. During storage, the best pH and morphology
      values were observed with 2,000-ml containers. The lowest glucose consumption and
      lactate production were also associated with the 2,000-ml containers.
      Intermediate improvement in these parameters was noted in 600-ml containers.
      Recovery from osmotic stress was better in 2,000- and 600-ml containers as
      compared to 300-ml containers. In addition, characteristic changes in pO2 and
      pCO2 during storage suggest that improved platelet preservation in larger
      containers is due to improved gas exchange conditions obtained with increased
      surface area available for gas exchange.

PMID- 6422638
TI  - Beta-propiolactone for the inactivation of non-A/non-B type 1 hepatitis virus
      capable of inducing cytoplasmic tubular ultrastructures in chimpanzees.
AB  - Non-A/Non-B type 1 hepatitis virus may be recognized because it induces
      characteristic tubular ultrastructures in the hepatocyte cytoplasm of
      chimpanzees. 3 chimps received 0.1 ml of a chimp serum containing more than 100
      chimp infecting units of non-A/non-B type 1 hepatitis virus after it had been
      treated with beta-propiolactone with or without combined ultraviolet irradiation.
      All of the chimps escaped infection throughout the observation period of 23
      weeks. The treatment of the serum with beta-propiolactone at the mildest
      condition employed (0.05%, 4 degrees C, 20 min) was still effective in
      inactivating the virus. The susceptibility of the chimps was ascertained by the
      subsequent challenge with 0.1 ml of the untreated serum which invariably induced
      non-A/non-B type 1 hepatitis in them. On the basis of these results, beta
      propiolactone was extremely efficacious for the cold sterilization of non-A/non-B
      type 1 hepatitis virus.

PMID- 6422639
TI  - [State of cardio- and hemodynamics in workers engaged in the production of
      thiourea].

PMID- 6422640
TI  - [Disorders of pituitary hormone balance as a risk factor in ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 6422641
TI  - [Comparative study of animal viruses and a model design of their evolutionary
      relations].
AB  - A methodologic approach to the comparative study of viruses producing objective
      data not given by experimental biological studies has been developed. The
      comparative study is based on the quantitation of similarities of viruses based
      on integral differences of viruses in all the parameters under study. The results
      obtained permit us to consider all the viruses as a single system possessing a
      certain structure which reflects the degrees of similarity and differences
      between individual virus groups. The analysis of the immediate surroundings of
      each group determined 5 chains consisting of virus groups situated in the order
      of their retreat from the group corresponding to the Picornaviridae family. The
      revealed structure of the virus system allows modelling of evolutionary relations
      between individual virus groups to be made.

PMID- 6422643
TI  - DRGs and the art of medicine.

PMID- 6422642
TI  - Prospective pricing and DRGs.

PMID- 6422644
TI  - [External fistulas of the digestive tract as a therapeutic method in surgery].

PMID- 6422645
TI  - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: comparison of 2 methods (Ouchterlony gel
      precipitation and ELISA) for antibody detection in routine diagnosis].
AB  - Sera from 58 patients with suspected extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) were
      tested in parallel by the double diffusion test and the "enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA)" using 10 different antigen solutions (extracts from
      thermophilic actinomycetes, various mycetes, pigeon serum, pigeon droppings and
      the wheat weevil sitophilus granarius). The ELISA technique was more sensitive
      than the double diffusion test in detecting antibodies to the panel of antigens
      used. However, by using several antigen dilutions the number of sera positive
      sera with the double diffusion test increased and an overall correlation of 93.1%
      with the ELISA was achieved. The results of the study are discussed with regard
      to the advantages and disadvantages of both test systems for the in vitro
      diagnosis of EAA.

PMID- 6422646
TI  - [Poly-(ADP ribose) synthesis and regulation disorders in disease].
AB  - Poly(ADP-ribose) is a polyanion involved in the regulation of the DNA metabolism
      of cells. DNA repair, semiconservative DNA-synthesis, differentiation- and trans
      formation functions are connected to changes in the activity of the poly(ADP
      ribose)-polymerase. The incidence of most cancers shows a steady increase with
      age while the PAR-synthesis decreases linear in certain cells with age. In some
      diseases abnormalities could be detected in PAR-synthesis and binding to nuclear
      proteins.

PMID- 6422647
TI  - The extent of under-reporting of meningococcal disease in Wisconsin: 1980-1982.

PMID- 6422648
TI  - Prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6422649
TI  - Esophageal disorders in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Esophageal motility disturbances are common in diabetics in general and are most
      prevalent in these with peripheral neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy. The usual
      findings are a decrease in the amplitude of esophageal contractions in the smooth
      muscle portion of the body, frequent absence of primary peristalsis, simultaneous
      or repetitive body contractions, and a decrease in the velocity of peristalsis.
      Radiographically, this may be manifest as delayed esophageal emptying. These
      changes do not produce symptoms. Dysphagia and chest pain should be thoroughly
      evaluated and not ascribed to the diabetes. Candidiasis may be more common in
      diabetics.

PMID- 6422650
TI  - Diabetes and abdominal surgery: the mutual risks.
AB  - The patient with diabetes represents to the surgeon a particular challenge in the
      management of acute abdominal problems. In addition to their ongoing and
      potential metabolic problems, diabetics have specific difficulty in their ability
      to handle infections and heal wounds. The present report reviews the general
      principles in the peri-operative management of diabetics and discusses the
      implications in the diabetic of several specific clinical problems. In view of
      the known accelerated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes, the risks of
      anesthesia and surgery must be assessed in the context of the coronary, cerebral,
      visceral, and peripheral vascular status. Infections in diabetics (potential or
      established) must be treated aggressively and promptly. Acidosis in the diabetic
      with abdominal pain must be considered both a metabolic problem and a possible
      secondary manifestation of an intra-abdominal process. In view of these
      challenges, the need for careful, anticipatory management of the diabetic patient
      facing major abdominal surgery is clear.

PMID- 6422652
TI  - Formation of additional contacts of chromosome with membrane in the process of
      DNA repair synthesis in bacterial cells.
AB  - An increase in the amount of membrane-bound DNA was found in B. subtilis cells
      with UV-induced DNA repair synthesis as compared to untreated cells. It was shown
      that DNA repair synthesis occurred in DNA membrane complexes (DMC) formed during
      UV-irradiation. UV-induced formation of DMC was observed in cells of wild type
      strains which were capable of repairing damaged DNA but not in a mutant defective
      in DNA-polymerase I. It was demonstrated that DNA-polymerase I is located on the
      membrane of B. subtilis cells. This suggested a participation of DNA-polymerase I
      in binding of the chromosome to the membrane in UV-irradiated cells. UV-induced
      DMC did not dissociate when the cells were treated with inhibitors of DNA-gyrase.
      It, therefore, was qualitatively different from the DMC found during replication.
      The mechanisms of binding of the damaged DNA to the membrane in UV-irradiated
      cells of B. subtilis are discussed.

PMID- 6422651
TI  - The role of the coronary microcirculation in myocardial recovery from ischemia.
AB  - The aim of thrombolysis, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass surgery is to
      "reperfuse" ischemic myocardium; however, reperfusion can cause further cardiac
      damage and compromise the coronary microcirculation. Because nutrient supply and
      exchange and delivery of pharmacologic agents require a patent microvasculature,
      the coronary microcirculation plays a major role in myocardial recovery from
      ischemia. It is known that ischemia-reperfusion can cause an increase in coronary
      permeability and microvascular plugging (No-reflow). The permeability to
      macromolecules is increased more than the permeability to smaller molecules. The
      permeability increase leads to extravasation of plasma proteins and a
      permeability edema. Furthermore, proteins that normally remain extravascular are
      now free to wash out the heart. Both microvascular effects, increased coronary
      permeability and No-reflow, compromise cardiac function. The degree of damage
      depends on the nature (No-flow versus low-flow) and length of ischemia.
      Unfortunately, both the increase in coronary permeability and the reduction in
      perfused capillarity advance with time during early reperfusion. Although the
      increase in permeability does not require the presence of platelets or
      leukocytes, it is apparent that the No-reflow response does. Mechanisms that may
      explain the microvascular responses to ischemia include cell swelling, damage
      caused by oxygen free radicals, and inflammatory responses that may or may not
      involve granulocytes. The permeability response may involve a calcium-mediated
      endothelial contraction because the macromolecular leakage that follows ischemia
      can be prevented by pretreating hearts with the calcium blocker nisoldipine.
      Protection of the coronary microcirculation should be included in any attempt to
      improve treatment of occlusive coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6422653
TI  - [Requirements for starting epilepsy therapy].

PMID- 6422654
TI  - Nitrates IV. Cardiovascular effects.

PMID- 6422655
TI  - [Right aortic arch with retroesophageal diverticulum].

PMID- 6422656
TI  - [Analysis of the composition of cell-bound immune complexes by the ELISA method
      in patients receiving gonovaccine].

PMID- 6422657
TI  - [Replacement of femur head prostheses by total hip prostheses].

PMID- 6422658
TI  - [Concomitant fractures and prognosis for shoulder luxation in the elderly].

PMID- 6422659
TI  - [Industrial accidents involving 50 year-old and older workers in a metal industry
      plant].

PMID- 6422660
TI  - [Sports injuries in the elderly].

PMID- 6422661
TI  - [Skull radiography after trauma: a necessity or a very expensive habit?].

PMID- 6422662
TI  - [Vascular injuries in elbow luxation. Diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 6422663
TI  - [Importance of axial knee roentgen pictures in flake fractures].

PMID- 6422664
TI  - [Partial epiphysiodesis following an epiphyseal fracture].

PMID- 6422665
TI  - [Lunate bone luxation, navicular bone fracture, fragment extraction].

PMID- 6422666
TI  - [Optimal fracture and soft tissue management in direct trauma of the lower leg].

PMID- 6422667
TI  - [High-voltage therapy of prostate cancer].
AB  - High-voltage therapy is becoming increasingly important as a form of individual
      differential therapy of carcinoma of the prostate. Around 40% of all patients
      with a diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate can be treated with high-voltage
      therapy. The precondition is the absence of bone and soft-tissue metastases and
      of juxtaregional lymph-node metastases. Individual carcinoma therapy is based on
      pre-therapeutic tumor classification according to the TNM system. The 5-year
      survival rates are presented from a retrospective study carried out using primary
      radiation monotherapy and a combined hormone and radiation therapy; these figures
      were calculated by the life-table method. The study revealed no significant
      differences between the two forms of therapy as regards 5-year survival rates.
      The 5-year survival rates of all patients of the classifications T0-T3Nx-N2M0
      irradiated (n: 198) (72% +/- 11% for hormone plus radiation therapy and 74% +/-
      11% for radiation monotherapy) did not differ greatly from those of a normal male
      population of the same age (77%). High-voltage therapy of carcinoma of the
      prostate can thus be classified as a curative method of treatment.

PMID- 6422668
TI  - [Acute kidney failure and its treatment using hemodialysis].
AB  - Commonly the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF) in the first place takes
      into consideration acute circulatory and acute toxic nephropathies. But
      disturbances in humoral regulations are important as well. Compensatory
      adaptional reactions of the kidney answering the tubular lesion are causing
      increasing serum levels of renin, serotonin and histamin accompanied by a
      consecutive decrease of the diaminoxidase-activity, the latter as the hormone
      inactivating histamin. The results obtained form trials due to the dynamic
      behaviour of serotonin, histamin and diaminoxidase in the serum and urine
      respectively of 17 healthy persons (control), of 17 women with an ARF after
      abortation and of 5 patients with ARF from complications during pregnancy are
      reported. Rational managment of ARF should purchase an improvement in renal
      perfusion, the correction of metabolic deviation--among others--an increase of
      the diaminoxidase-activity.

PMID- 6422669
TI  - [Stimulation of the natural self-purification of soil].
AB  - Connected with the elaboration of the sanitary norm of cadmium in soil were
      performed examinations to appoint the self-purification index. This index is the
      highest permissible concentration of a noxious chemical substance in soil not yet
      injuring irreversible the process of natural self-purification. As criterions of
      the self-purification were selected normal and potential respiration, quantity of
      bacteria, actinomyceta, fungi, proteolytic, nitrifying, and cellulolytic micro
      organisms, inhibition of Bacillus subtilis and Phormidium autumnale, survival and
      increasing ability of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella
      give. Among the influence of various concentrations of cadmium was find out the
      self-purification index of 500 mg Cd++/kg. By experience are offered methodical
      improvements at the elaboration of self-purification indices.

PMID- 6422670
TI  - [Nutrition therapy in surgery. Current trends in nutrition therapy in surgery].

PMID- 6422671
TI  - [Current aspects of the diagnosis of the nutritional status in surgery].
AB  - An exact nutritional assessment is a prerequisite for parenteral, enteral or
      parenteral-enteral nutrition, especially after extended operations or during
      conservative therapy. By using biochemical methods (visceral proteins),
      anthropometric measurement (body mass, triceps skinfold, arm muscle
      circumference, creatinine-index) and immunological procedures (total lymphocyte
      count and skin testing with recall-antigens) it is possible to determine exactly
      the nutritional status, severity and type of malnutrition. Furthermore the
      patients immunocompetence can be evaluated. Determining the digestion and
      resorption capacity enables the route of application to be chosen.

PMID- 6422672
TI  - [Basis of early enteral feeding in the postoperative period].
AB  - Since the conception of a postoperative generalised inhibition of motility of
      stomach and gut has been disproved, there is a growing support for early enteral
      nutrition at present. The stomach should be evacuated from increased secretion by
      tube drainage. This should be combined with intraduodenal tube feeding.
      Immediately after surgery a sufficient absorption capacity of the small gut also
      makes early enteral nutrition possible.

PMID- 6422673
TI  - [Nutrition diagnosis and therapy in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases].
AB  - Malnutrition can be detected by evaluating the nutritional situation of the
      patient. It can be influenced by special nutritional support in the pre- and
      postoperative period. A good nutritional status will lower the rate of
      postoperative complications.

PMID- 6422674
TI  - [Catheter jejunostomy -- a contribution to artificial enteral feeding in
      surgery].
AB  - Catheter-jejunostomy is a new approach for long-term enteral nutrition. This kind
      of nutrition can be performed in hospital as well as at home.

PMID- 6422675
TI  - [Microbial colonization of the nasopharynx, external auditory canal, hair of the
      head and armpit in high performance swimmers].
AB  - From 50 high-performance swimmers, who were subdivided into three training
      groups, swabs were taken before and after the swimming training from the nose,
      throat and the external auditory canal, and bacterial samples were taken
      according to the Rodac method from the hair of the head and the armpit for a
      quantitative and qualitative analysis. - No significant quantitation differences
      were found to exist in the bacterial flora before and after the swimming
      training, except for the external auditory canal where the bacterial population
      had increased, and the armpit where it had diminished. - A qualitative comparison
      of the normal flora revealed no noticeable differences in the population before
      and after the swimming training for the three training groups. - However,
      differences in the pathogenic flora were identified in the three training groups.
      A higher germ count was found in those swimmers who had been training more
      intensely for a longer period of time than the members of a junior training
      group. This finding is particularly striking for P. aeruginosa which was located
      in the ears of those high-performance swimmers who belonged to the group with the
      most intensive swimming training. The carriers of Staph. aureus accounted for 46
      per cent of the test persons. This species had primarily settled in the vestibule
      of the nose. - The swimming training hardly influences the invasion of the hair
      of the head with pathogens. The compulsory use of bathing cap serves general
      hygienic aspects rather than prophylactic hygienic purposes.

PMID- 6422676
TI  - [Effects of photochemical smog from a flow reactor on bacteria. I. Determination
      of the effects of photochemical smog on bacteria].
AB  - To measure the damage to bacteria from photochemical smog Serratia marcescens,
      Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus and spores of Bacillus cereus have
      been exposed to defined gas-mixtures. A smog-simulation-chamber has been used
      which allowed adjustment of reproducible and longterm constant smog formations
      due to the flow system. Two methods have been applied to examine the bactericidal
      effects of the photo-chemical smog: adsorption of bacteria to membrane filters
      and spraying on silk threads. Smog mixtures formed by olefines (propene 4200 ppb,
      isobutene 3000 ppb, trans-2-butene 1600 ppb) and nitrogene oxides (500-700 ppb)
      showed bactericidal effects at ozone levels of 500 ppb. The survival of exposed
      bacteria is influenced less by gasing with 500 ppb ozone than with the smog
      mixture.

PMID- 6422677
TI  - [Effects of photochemical smog from a flow reactor on bacteria. II. Determination
      of bactericidal components in photochemical smog].
AB  - The mixture of substances in the photochemical smog could be detected by
      different reduction rates of exposed bacteria. Beside ozone other products of the
      ozone/olefine-reaction could reduce the survival of exposed bacteria. For Staph.
      epidermidis a toxic influence from the reaction products could be found only
      after UV-irradiation. The main components were aldehydes, hydrocarbons, radicals,
      peroxiradicals and radicaloxides. For peroxiacetylnitrate (PAN) no bactericidal
      effect could be found for bacteria adsorbed on membrane filters in concentrations
      of 300 ppb in the smog (UV-irradiation was put off for two hours) and even in
      concentrations of 1000 ppb prepared by gaschromatography. The influence on
      lipopolysaccharide (lps) defective mutants of Salmonella minnesota showed the
      protection of the lps-layer against e.g. relative humidity and ozone (500 ppb),
      but no specific protection against smog components.

PMID- 6422678
TI  - [Effect of the addition of DMSO and EDTA on the activity of formaldehyde and
      hydrogen peroxide against Bacillus cereus spores].
AB  - The question was investigated if DMSO in concentrations between 1 and 6% and 0.1%
      EDTA could improve the effect of the sporocidal disinfectants formaldehyde and
      hydrogen-peroxide. In suspension-tests with spores of Bac. cereus it was found,
      that the sporocidal activity of a 1.2 and 3% formaldehyde solution did not
      increase, in contrary it decreased significantly if EDTA or DMSO were present in
      the solution. The same effect could be found with 0.8-5% hydrogenperoxide in
      combination with the above mentioned substances. These results are not in
      agreement with the observations of other authors working with vegetative
      bacteria. It is supposed that DMSO rather reactivates injured spores than that it
      acts as a carrier for the respective disinfectant. This effect seems to mask a
      relatively faint increase of the permeability for the disinfectants. Concerning
      EDTA it could be possible, that it did not succeed in removing the Ca++ from the
      cortex, in contrary it seems, that it binds itself to the calciumdipicolinate
      thus stabilizing the spore structure.

PMID- 6422680
TI  - [Antigenic complexes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime: their isolation and
      biological properties].
AB  - The possibility of using antigenic complexes contained in the extracellular slime
      of P. aeruginosa clinical strains belonging to different serological groups as
      the components of a chemical vaccine has been revealed. Animal experiments have
      demonstrated a high immunogenicity of these preparations, as well as their low
      toxicity. The use of slime antigens stimulates the production of specific
      antibodies exerting a protective action against infection with homologous P.
      aeruginosa strains.

PMID- 6422679
TI  - [Microbiological studies of PVC packing sheets and sediments from a wet cooling
      tower].
AB  - On surface of PVC packing sheets in wet cooling towers thick sediment layers can
      often be observed (Fig. 1) which usually cause several technological troubles.
      Microbiological investigations were made in order to estimate whether some
      hygienic risk possibly based on the proliferation of hygienic relevant
      microorganisms in the sediment have to be considered. An abundance of bacteria
      actinomycetes and fungi was found in the sediments from PVC packing sheets which
      were exposed for 6 or 20 weeks in a wet cooling tower (Table 2). However, the
      microbial (colony) counts usually decreased when the exposition time increased.
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not detected at all. Coliform bacteria and Escherichia
      coli showed a declining development both in the sediment and in the cooling water
      unter test (Table 3). Total volume of plankton also decreased in cooling water
      incubated with small pieces of PVC packing sheets. The results indicate the
      sediment formation on PVC packing sheets in wet cooling towers probably not to be
      problem of environmental hygiene but technology. The sediment formation seems to
      depend mainly of the quality (i.e. pollution degree) of cooling water and also of
      surface properties of the packing sheets.

PMID- 6422681
TI  - [Pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains].
AB  - The possibility of using the typing of P. aeruginosa strains by their pyocins as
      one of the epidemiological markers in the study of P. aeruginosa hospital
      infections has been established. As this method of typing is characterized by
      certain variability, the authors propose that the method of the "cross analysis"
      of pyocins produced by P. aeruginosa strains be used simultaneously. This method
      is based on the following phenomenon: if the cultures to be compared are
      different, the pyocin produced by one strain suppresses the growth of the other
      one, and if the cultures are identical, no suppression of their growth by pyocins
      is observed.

PMID- 6422682
TI  - [Virulence and toxigenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures of various
      origins].
AB  - The virulence and toxigenicity of newly isolated P. aeruginosa strains have been
      studied in experiments on white mice. These biological properties have been shown
      to be most pronounced in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from proteins, sometimes
      greatly exceeding those in strains isolated from healthy persons and the
      environment. Virulence and the factors which determine it are definitely
      interrelated in microorganisms and can vary, depending on the conditions of their
      habitat.

PMID- 6422683
TI  - Determination of amygdalin and cyanide in industrial food samples using enzymic
      methods.

PMID- 6422684
TI  - Seasonal variations and metabolic behaviour during Bufo arenarum oogenesis.

PMID- 6422685
TI  - The role of inhibin in adult male rats: the effect of inhibin deficiency and
      androgen antagonism on serum and pituitary gonadotrophins.
AB  - We examined the ability of inhibin-F contained in porcine follicular fluid (pFF)
      to regulate serum gonadotrophins in male rats made deficient in endogenous
      inhibin and unable to respond to normal endogenous androgen levels. Efferent duct
      ligation (EDL) effected endogenous inhibin deficiency and the anti-androgen
      flutamide (F) (13.4 mg/dose, sc once per day) raised the set point for androgen
      control of the hypothalamus to a level intermediate between the intact and
      castrate serum gonadotrophin levels. EDL, F and EDL + F caused serum FSH levels
      to rise and administration of pFF (2 ml per day) suppressed the elevated serum
      FSH levels of these experimental models to intact animal levels. Though EDL had
      no effect on serum LH, F increased the serum LH levels and EDL plus F increased
      them further. Treatment with pFF suppressed the serum LH to intact levels. EDL
      rats had slightly increased serum androgen (6 ng/ml) but F and EDL + F treated
      rats had very greatly increased serum androgen concentrations (22 and 32 ng/ml,
      respectively) which treatment with pFF suppressed to intact levels. Pituitary FSH
      was increased by EDL and LH was increased by F. In both cases, the increased
      pituitary gonadotrophins were suppressed by treatment with pFF. We conclude that
      inhibin regulates synthesis and secretion of FSH and secretion of LH.

PMID- 6422686
TI  - Monitoring of Clomid-hMG-hCG controlled ovulation by ultrasound and a rapid (15
      minutes) total urinary estrogen assay.
AB  - A simple and rapid assay for estimation of total urinary estrogens is presented.
      The test is based on a commercial latex agglutination inhibition assay designed
      for urinary estrogens in pregnancy. To obtain the appropriate sensitivity range
      for the application of the test it was necessary to concentrate the urine using
      self contained C 18 mini cartridges. A fairly good correlation was found between
      the obtained values from the urine and estradiol-17 beta estimated by radio
      immunoassay in serum (correlation coefficient r = 0,77). Comparing those results
      and regarding the number of follicles present at ultrasonic examination, and/or
      laparoscopy a value of 23,79-31,29 mg/l TE in urine/follicle was calculated
      according to 300-400 pg/ml serum/follicle, at which ovulation should be induced.
      Even withstanding the inherent limitations of this semiquantitative test and some
      loss of precision in terms of absolute values, when combined with ultrasound,
      excellent guidelines were established by this rapid and simple test to determine
      ovulation induction by hCG.

PMID- 6422687
TI  - [Zenker's diverticulum. Surgical experience in a series of 25 patients].

PMID- 6422688
TI  - [The pathophysiology of hemodialysis treatment].
AB  - Hemodialysis therapy is the most commonly used renal replacement therapy despite
      the development of alternative detoxification procedures. As in any therapy
      hemodialysis treatment shows side effects. These regularly appearing
      intradialytic complications are essentially responsible for the morbidity of the
      dialysis patient. Studies were undertaken to clarify the pathomechanisms of the
      dialysis hypoxemia and dialysis hypotonia. Intradialytic variations of
      carbohydrate and protein metabolism and of the cellular blood components were
      analyzed. The exact knowledge of the pathomechanisms of these side-effects should
      lead to technical improvement in dialysate composition. With this knowledge a
      more effective treatment and a better prophylaxis of these intradialytic side
      effects should be possible.

PMID- 6422689
TI  - A career in long term care.

PMID- 6422690
TI  - Effects of epinephrine treatment on the rat parathyroid gland, with special
      reference to the frequency of storage granules.
AB  - Effects of epinephrine treatment on the rat parathyroid gland were studied
      morphologically. The mean number of storage granules per cell section (NSG) was
      rapidly decreased as early as 5 min after an injection of epinephrine and seemed
      to reach a minimum between 5 and 30 min. During this period, serum calcium levels
      (SCL) gradually rose and reached a maximum at 30 min. The ultrastructure of chief
      cells in these epinephrine-injected rats showed no marked difference as compared
      with that in control rats. In slightly hypocalcemic rats, induced previously by
      2% EDTA-treatment, NSG was more rapidly decreased. It was suggested that storage
      granules may be released promptly by epinephrine treatments in spite of high SCL
      and that they are more promptly released under hypocalcemia.

PMID- 6422691
TI  - Unnecessary polypharmacy in patients with frequent seizures.
AB  - 35 patients with a mean seizure frequency of 15 attacks per months were studied.
      19 were taking a 2-drug combination, 13 a 3-drug combination and 3 patients a 4
      drug combination. Treatment was reduced to monotherapy in 21 patients and to a 2
      drug combination in 8 patients. There was an increase in seizure frequency in 6
      patients taking a 2-drug combination when an attempt was made to reduce the
      treatment to monotherapy. Reduction in polypharmacy resulted in an improvement in
      seizure control in 54% of patients. Carbamazepine replaced polypharmacy as
      monotherapy in 19 patients and phenytoin and sodium valproate in 2 other
      patients. Improvement in seizure control was associated with optimal blood levels
      in 17 patients taking carbamazepine and in the 2 patients taking sodium valproate
      and phenytoin. Serum levels in all patients taking 2-drug combination were within
      the optimal range.

PMID- 6422692
TI  - Social functioning and seizure status of young adults with onset of epilepsy in
      childhood. An epidemiological 20-year follow-up study.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to examine the prognosis for epilepsy with a
      childhood onset by means of a follow-up study with a twenty-year follow-up
      period. Special attention was paid to the seizure outcome, the acquirement of
      basic and vocational education, working ability and actual working, social
      functioning, social adjustment and mortality. The study dealt with patients from
      a specified area in southwestern Finland who were initially under 16 years of age
      and who had had recurrent, non-sporadic seizures not caused by an acute infection
      or a progressive cerebral disease. The original series consisted of 245 patients,
      followed up retrospectively for approximately ten years. Extreme efforts were
      made to obtain as large a body of data on the patients and their epilepsy as
      possible. All patients were then examined clinically and by EEG by the present
      author personally. This took place in 1972. The first prospective follow-up
      evaluation was carried out in 1977 and the second in 1982. The method used in
      these two follow-ups was that of a mail inquiry. By 1982, 29 patients had died,
      ten were not reached and two refused to participate. The group studied in 1982
      consisted of the remaining 204 patients. The shortest follow-up period was 17
      years (mean 21.16 +/- 24 years). At the end of the follow-up the age of the
      youngest was 17 years and that of the oldest 34 years (mean 24.74 +/- 0.33
      years). The data obtained on the patients were computerized, and multivariate
      methods of analysis were applied in addition to usual statistical methods. The
      seizure outcome was considered good if three years or more had elapsed from the
      last seizure. In 1982 such patients accounted for 60% of all cases. Stepwise
      logistic regression analysis showed that good seizure outcome is best explained
      by the occurrence of one seizure type only and good short-term treatment outcome.
      The nonoccurrence of status epilepticus, normal psychoneurological development
      status and the occurrence of grand mal only also contributed to the explanation.
      These variables predict the disappearance of seizures with a 95-100% probability.
      Normal compulsory basic education had been completed by 60% of the patients. Only
      two variables, good short-term treatment outcome and late age (preschool or
      school age) at onset of epilepsy, contributed to the explanation of this outcome.
      It appeared from logistic regression analysis that all those who had a normal
      psychoneurological development status had completed compulsory
      education.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6422693
TI  - Scoliosis and growth. Patterns of asymmetry in normal vertebral growth.
AB  - This study reviews published observations of asymmetrical appearance of primary
      ossification centres in human fetal vertebral arches. It reports studies of
      vertebral asymmetry in 39 vertebral columns of infants and children including
      asymmetry in pedicle length and vertebral arch height, asymmetry in neurocentral
      fusion, and vertebral body flattening on its left anterior aspect. It relates
      these patterns of asymmetry to the commonly observed left thoracic scoliosis of
      infancy and right thoracic scoliosis of adolescents and adults. It discusses the
      implications of these observed asymmetries of normal vertebral growth in the
      aetiology of scoliosis, and the possible influences of handedness and aortic
      pressure in the production of these vertebral asymmetries in adolescence.

PMID- 6422694
TI  - Children's ankle fractures. Classification and epidemiology.
AB  - In an investigation of childhood and adolescence fractures (age groups 0-16)
      occurring in Malmo during 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1975-79, a total of
      8682 were found. Four per cent or 373 ankle fractures were classified according
      to their roentgenological appearance. Avulsion fractures of the tip of the
      lateral malleolus were the most frequent, followed by fractures involving the
      distal fibular physis. Triplane and Tillaux fractures were the third and fourth
      most common fracture groups. Tillaux fractures were more common in girls (0.01
      greater than P greater than 0.001). There was no statistically significant
      difference between the sexes in the other fracture groups or in the whole series.
      Most injuries were caused by low energy trauma. A foot caught in a bicycle wheel
      resulted more often in an epiphyseal fracture of the lateral malleolus than any
      other type of fracture. Otherwise no other etiological factor caused a
      significant number of cases in any fracture group. There was a seasonal variation
      with twice as many fractures during April and September as compared with July and
      December. The incidence showed a steady increase during growth which ceased after
      the early teens due to a lower incidence among girls in the age groups 15-16. The
      incidence increased significantly during the 30 years covered by this study.

PMID- 6422695
TI  - Importance of anatomical reduction for subjective recovery after ankle fracture.
AB  - 237 patients with ankle fractures treated during 1977 were evaluated with the
      object of studying the treatment results and the factors influencing the results.
      About one half of the patients were treated conservatively and the other half
      operatively. The type of treatment was determined by the type of injury; hence
      the milder injuries were usually treated conservatively and the more severe cases
      operatively. A good radiological primary result was obtained in 82 per cent of
      the malleoli with operative treatment and in 34 per cent with conservative
      treatment. The evaluation of the end-result was based on a questionnaire study
      made 1.5-2.5 years after the accident. All those employed before their injuries
      had returned to their previous occupations. 27 per cent of the patients responded
      that they had recovered completely. The subjective end-result was found to
      correlate with the radiological result at the end of the treatment, but not with
      the type of injury, the type of treatment, or the patient's age.

PMID- 6422696
TI  - Factors associated with heterotopic bone formation in cemented total hip
      prostheses.
AB  - A series of 237 total hip replacements were analysed by means of a computer
      program. High body weight and postoperative fever, as well as several indications
      of a technically demanding operation, occurred significantly more often in the
      group of patients which developed paraarticular ossification postoperatively. The
      results point to a causal relation between tissue trauma and heterotopic bone
      formation. We wish to underline the importance of a gentle handling of tissues in
      the performance of a total hip replacement if the rate of ectopic bone is to be
      reduced to a minimum.

PMID- 6422697
TI  - The dosage dependency of growth and maturity in growth hormone deficiency treated
      with human growth hormone.
AB  - A group of 11 pre-pubertal growth hormone deficient patients were treated with
      human growth hormone over a period of 4 years. In 6 of the patients the dosage
      was 4 IU 3 times a week and in 5, 8 IU 3 times a week. Changes in height
      demonstrated that the "catch up" was significantly greater and of longer duration
      in the second group. In spite of a more rapid increase of bone age in the second
      group, the prognosis of final height had improved significantly at the end of the
      study period. A comparative study of the plasma concentrations significantly at
      the end of the study period. A comparative study of the plasma concentrations of
      T4, TSH, gonadotrophins and steroids, to see if the greater velocity of bone
      maturity in the second group could be due to contamination of the preparation by
      other could be due to contamination of the preparation by other hypophysary
      hormones, did not demonstrate significant differences between the groups.

PMID- 6422698
TI  - Step-like superprecipitation of actomyosin.
AB  - The superprecipitation of natural actomyosin prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle
      shows a step-like character under physiological conditions (KCl 0.14 M, ATP 0.001
      M). Alkali metal cations applied in the same (0.14 M) concentration cause a delay
      according to the Hofmeister sequence, while in their presence the step-like
      character of superprecipitation is retained. Reduction of the Ca2+ concentration
      also causes a delay in the development of superprecipitation, but its step-like
      character is retained in this case, too. Increasing the Mg2+ concentration in the
      medium causes a delay or disappearance of superprecipitation and modifies it to
      occur in a single step. It is assumed that the actions studied exert, their
      effect in a combined way actin directly or indirectly on the interaction of actin
      and myosin.

PMID- 6422699
TI  - Intravenous feeding in the rabbit.
AB  - Experience with intravenous feeding in about forty rabbits forms the basis of
      this report. The results showed that low cost functional equipment and techniques
      for intravenous feeding and metabolic studies are possible in the rabbit.
      Restraining of the rabbit is necessary, but it hardly affects the results in
      short (up to three days) studies. Repeated at 24-hour intervals, heart punctures
      under anaesthesia allow to obtain large blood samples for microscopic,
      haematological and biochemical measurements during the same study.

PMID- 6422700
TI  - The role of plasminogen activator in ovulation.
AB  - The role of plasminogen activator in ovulation was investigated using the
      inhibitor, trans-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA). In the regular
      cycle rat, the plasminogen activator activity of the follicles increased from the
      diestrus to the estrus phase. In the latter phase, a proteolytic enzyme which was
      not inhibited by t-AMCHA appeared. After ovulation, the plasminogen activator
      activity decreased. When ovulation was induced in immature rats by pregnant mare
      serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin, remarkable fibrinolytic
      activity appeared in the ovaries immediately before ovulation. When t-AMCHA was
      given in the ovulation-induced rats, the fibrinolytic activity of the ovaries was
      suppressed, the number of ovulated ova decreased and the timing of ovulation was
      delayed. When t-AMCHA solution was given to rats in the proestrus phase,
      ovulation was almost completely suppressed, but aprotinin solution exerted no
      effect on ovulation. These results suggest that plasminogen activator is a key
      enzyme in ovulation, and that the chain reaction from plasminogen activator to
      proteolytic enzyme (including collagenase) is of greater importance than that of
      plasminogen activator to plasmin.

PMID- 6422701
TI  - Role of activated protein C on platelet aggregation induced by thrombin.
AB  - Platelets aggregate with thrombin-free activated protein C in concentrations
      higher than physiological levels. Aggregation was dependent on an intact release
      mechanism since inhibition of aggregation occurred with adenosine or EDTA.
      However, activated protein C reduced the sensitivity of platelets to aggregate in
      the presence of thrombin. Probably, activated protein C competes for membrane
      sites sensitive to thrombin.

PMID- 6422702
TI  - Prediction of affective psychoses response to lithium prophylaxis. The role of
      socio-demographic, clinical, psychological and biological variables.
AB  - A set of socio-demographic, clinical, psychological and biological variables was
      examined in 100 patients diagnosed according to Perris as bipolar affective
      psychotics or unipolar depressive psychotics, maintained on prophylactic lithium
      for 2 years and divided into responders and non-responders to this treatment on
      the basis of strict criteria. The results confirmed the potential role of four
      indices as predictors of response to prophylaxis: a positive family history of
      bipolar affective illness and a high red blood cell/plasma lithium ratio
      (positive predictors) and the presence of the HLA-A3 antigen and a high score on
      the Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (negative
      predictors). A stepwise discriminant analysis showed that neuroticism score,
      lithium ratio and HLA-A3 antigen, taken together, correctly classified 74.6% of
      responders and 68.3% of non-responders. It is hypothesized that these variables
      as a group may be of practical value in predicting response to lithium
      prophylaxis, and that pharmacogenetic and, perhaps, personality factors may be
      involved in treatment failures.

PMID- 6422703
TI  - The feasibility of cost-benefit studies of mental health care. An attempt with a
      Dutch Case Register.
AB  - A cohort of 928 people, aged 20 to 60 years, were entered in a Dutch Case
      Register for the first time as outpatients during the period from 1974 to 1977.
      They were each followed up for 1 year in order to identify patterns of care and
      calculate their cost. The latter was calculated for groups of patients, according
      to diagnosis and type of service at entry. This approach required registering
      face-to-face contacts for each patient, and close collaboration with the services
      involved, to calculate costs.

PMID- 6422704
TI  - Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. The effect of
      hypocapnia induced by hyperventilation and the effect of ventilation with oxygen.
AB  - Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was recorded by
      means of EEG in an intraindividual comparison under different alveolar O2- and
      CO2-concentrations. Hypocapnia induced by hyperventilation to an alveolar CO2
      concentration of 2% (2 kPa) resulted in a highly significant increase in seizure
      duration compared to a normal CO2 of 5%, when the alveolar O2-concentration was
      constant at 92%. Oxygen ventilation to an alveolar O2-concentration of 92% gave
      no significant increase in seizure duration compared to 15%, obtained by
      ventilation with air, when the CO2-concentration was kept constant at 5%. Seizure
      duration seems to augment progressively with decreasing alveolar CO2
      concentration.

PMID- 6422705
TI  - Epilepsy related to cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
AB  - In an epileptic focus there is a three-fold increase of the regional cerebral
      metabolism and blood flow. This has been shown with the 133 Xenon technique and
      with positron emission tomography. Such studies suggest that, in temporal lobe
      epilepsy, the pathways from the deep temporal structures to the frontal lobes do
      not function normally. The temporal 'gate' to the frontal lobes may be closed.
      This may explain symptoms of psychopathology in this common type of focal
      epilepsy.

PMID- 6422706
TI  - Differential psychiatric features in epilepsy; relationship to lesion laterality.

PMID- 6422707
TI  - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow and cerebral venous
      blood gases in man.

PMID- 6422708
TI  - Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and the regulation of endogenous
      cholesterol transport.

PMID- 6422709
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients.

PMID- 6422710
TI  - Renal impairment and its effects on calcium metabolism in elderly women.
AB  - Investigation of 21 elderly women with a wide range of renal function showed that
      plasma creatinine concentrations above 100 mumol/l were associated with
      glomerular filtration rates (GFR) below 50 ml/min. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      concentrations and radio-calcium absorption were directly related to GFR and were
      low when the GFR was less than 50 ml/min. Plasma parathyroid hormone
      concentrations were inversely related to GFR and were high when it was below 40
      ml/min. In 126 women over the age of 60 admitted to a geriatric assessment ward,
      plasma creatinine concentrations above 100 mumol/l were found in 73 and we
      conclude that renal impairment is common in elderly women admitted to hospital
      and is of sufficient degree to disturb the endocrine control of calcium
      metabolism seriously.

PMID- 6422711
TI  - Synthesis of articular cartilage proteoglycans by isolated bovine chondrocytes.
      Effect of autogenous conditioned synovial medium in vitro.
AB  - It was previously reported that bovine conditioned synovial medium (SM) has a
      catabolic activity on articular cartilage proteoglycans in an organ culture
      system. The question thus arose whether SM had an anabolic effect as well on
      articular cartilage proteoglycans. In this report it is shown that addition of
      autogenous SM to isolated bovine articular chondrocytes inhibited the synthesis
      of proteoglycans as measured by the incorporation of radiosulphate. Already after
      4 hours an inhibition was seen in the pericellular (matrix) chondroitin sulphate
      (MA-CS) fraction, and in the culture medium chondroitin sulphate (CM-CS) fraction
      it was significant after 72 hours. When the synovial tissue was cultured with
      indomethacin (1.4 X 10(-5) mol/l) and this indo-SM was added to the chondrocyte
      cultures, the ability of the chondrocytes to incorporate [35S]sulphate was
      decreased further. It therefore seems evident that the products from the synovial
      tissue influences the behaviour of the chondrocyte in such a way that not only is
      the degradation enhanced but also the synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans is
      inhibited.

PMID- 6422712
TI  - Prostacyclin and thromboxanes in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in the rat.
AB  - The cellular origin and kinetics of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha in carrageenan
      induced pleurisy has been studied. Maximum levels of these prostanoids occurred 1
      hour after induction of pleurisy. Mononuclear cells initially present in the
      pleural cavity synthesized TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha from (14C) arachidonic
      acid. By contrast, PMN cells harvested 6 hours after the induction of
      inflammation did not produce 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Selective inhibition of
      thromboxane synthetase with drugs in vitro and in vivo increased the formation of
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable breakdown product of PGI2. This metabolic effect
      was parallel to an increase in the volume of exudate and in PMN migration. These
      results suggest that TXA2 seems to be implicated not only as a chemotactic agent
      but also as an antagonist of PGI2 vasodilator effects.

PMID- 6422713
TI  - The three types of aortic diverticula.

PMID- 6422714
TI  - NMR in experimental cerebral edema: value of T1 and T2 calculations.
AB  - In an experimental investigation, the efficacy of nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) relaxation times in measuring brain water was studied. Cerebral edema was
      induced in four dogs with a freeze lesion, which was produced by contact with a
      steel cylinder cooled in liquid nitrogen and placed on the exposed dural surface
      of the brain. NMR proton imaging was performed 2, 3, 6, or 24 hr after production
      of the lesion, at a field strength of 0.35 T, using multiparametric spin-echo
      (SE) technique. The animals were sacrificed immediately after imaging, and brain
      samples were analyzed for water content (wet-to-dry, microgravimetry).
      Correlation between water content, NMR imaging, and resulting T1, T2 relaxation
      times and mobile proton density values calculated with SE technique was
      performed. Brain sample analysis showed elevation of water content in the white
      matter subjacent to the lesion in all four dogs, rising at least 15% in each of
      the animals. NMR imaging detected the freeze lesion and subjacent vasogenic edema
      of the white matter in all animals. The 2 sec pulse interval SE technique was
      most sensitive in the detection of the abnormality, and provided optimal
      differentiation of gray and white matter. The second echo sampling (56 msec) was
      most sensitive to the detection of edema. The T1 and T2 relaxation values, as
      well as the mobile proton density values, were elevated in the normal gray matter
      and in the abnormal white matter when compared with normal white matter in any
      given animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422715
TI  - MR imaging of pituitary adenomas using a prototype resistive magnet: preliminary
      assessment.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained with a prototype resistive magnet
      system in 10 patients, all of whom had been shown to have pituitary tumors by
      enhanced high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Histologic verification was
      obtained in eight cases. Inversion-recovery (IR) T1-weighted images revealed the
      tumor in six of nine cases; saturation-recovery (SR) images with less T1
      weighting identified seven of nine tumors; Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) spin
      echo T2-weighted images revealed two of four tumors. MR images failed to
      demonstrate three microadenomas: 5 X 5 X 8 mm, 6 X 6 X 6 mm, and one less than 5
      mm in estimated size. In the last pretreatment study, CT had demonstrated a 13 mm
      maximum diameter adenoma. Repeat CT at the time of MR imaging also showed a
      partially empty sella and did not resolve the residual adenoma. The larger
      adenomas were identified readily by MR imaging, which, unlike CT, suggested old
      tumor hemorrhage in two cases, which was confirmed at surgery and histologic
      examination. MR and CT images were also compared for relative effectiveness in
      identifying important perisellar structures.

PMID- 6422716
TI  - Skull phylogeny: an investigation using radiography and high-resolution computed
      tomography.
AB  - To demonstrate the phylogenetic changes that have led to the current form of the
      human skull, dried skulls of various representative vertebrates were examined
      using plain radiography and high-resolution computed tomography. The latter was
      chosen rather than pluridirectional tomography in anticipation of its future role
      as the major method for imaging the skull base. The phylogenetic history of the
      human skull is reviewed by considering separately the evolution of the calvarium,
      zygomatic arch, palate, jaw, and skull base.

PMID- 6422717
TI  - CT scanning phantom for normalization of infant brain attenuation.
AB  - The x-ray attenuation values of brain studied with computed tomography (CT) are
      strikingly affected by the ages of the subjects. Premature neonates, for example,
      may have brain attenuation values 20-30 H below adult values. These lower
      attenuation values for developing compared with adult brain can be ascribed
      partly to machine-related effects (beam-hardening, adult algorithms, scanning
      geometry, etc.). A scanning phantom made from aluminum was developed that can be
      used to develop a nomogram for any particular scanner from which normalized brain
      attenuation may be derived for any small head size. Using this nomogram,
      predicted neonatal attenuations are still 10-15 H higher than those actually
      observed in scanning neonates. The model predicts that, at the most, 3-4 H of
      this discrepancy can be accounted for by less beam-hardening from the lower bone
      attenuation of the thinner developing skull. Presumably, the rest is from a lower
      brain density in neonates (higher water content). By normalizing to cerebrospinal
      fluid (water) with special care to avoid partial-volume artifacts, one can
      predict attenuation values for developing brain more accurately.

PMID- 6422718
TI  - Intracerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy: radiographic
      pathologic correlation.
AB  - Seven cases of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage due to histologically
      confirmed cerebral amyloid angiopathy were observed over a period of 2 1/2 years.
      Initial computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrated lobar hemorrhages in all but
      one patient, who had presented with corpus callosum hemorrhage. Superficial
      location, irregular borders, and surrounding edema were characteristic features.
      Angiography was performed in three cases. Findings included mass effect (three
      cases), opercular branch occlusion (one case), and pericallosal irregularity (one
      case), all in the areas of the hemorrhage. Clinically, none of the patients had a
      history of prior cerebrovascular disease. Mild hypertension had been present in
      three patients and dementia in two. These findings suggest that cerebral amyloid
      angiopathy is not a rare cause of atraumatic lobar hemorrhage, particularly in a
      normotensive, elderly population.

PMID- 6422719
TI  - Cerebral computed tomography in drowning victims.
AB  - Computed tomography in two patients who had drowned revealed bilateral basal
      ganglia and medial temporal lobe low densities. Postmortem examination in one
      case showed these areas to be necrotic, probably secondary to the hypoxia and
      hypotension associated with drowning.

PMID- 6422720
TI  - Schizencephaly: rare cerebral malformation demonstrated by sonography.

PMID- 6422721
TI  - Unusual case of orbital encephalocele.

PMID- 6422722
TI  - Vertebral artery embolization for control of massive hemorrhage.

PMID- 6422723
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the orbit with bone destruction.

PMID- 6422725
TI  - Orientation of NMR images.

PMID- 6422724
TI  - Improved injection chamber for flow-guided catheters.

PMID- 6422726
TI  - Orientation of NMR images: ACR subcommittee's reasoning.

PMID- 6422727
TI  - [Effect of several antiasthmatic prophylactic drugs on bronchoconstriction
      induced by kerosene in rabbits].
AB  - Various authors have reported the protective effect of disodium cromoglycate
      (DSCG) against bronchoconstriction induced by cold air, exercise, sulfurdioxide
      and other agents. We also found in our experimental work the protective effect of
      DSCG, ketotifen and oxatomide against the contractile effect of various agonists
      such as histamine prostaglandin F2, acetylcholine and barium chloride on isolated
      guinea pig intestine and trachea. This suggests an additional effect of these
      drugs on cholinergic endings and/or directly on smooth muscle fibers in addition
      to their membrane stabilizing effects on mast cells as it has been suggested by
      other authors previously. To offer insight into these mechanisms we decided to
      evaluate the action of ketotifen, oxatomide, ICI 74917 and BRL 10833 using the
      model of kerosene-induced bronchoconstriction in rabbits. Here the
      parasympathetic pathways play an important role as it has been demonstrated by us
      using atropine or vagal section. Ketotifen (5 mg/kg i.v.) and oxatomide (5 mg/kg
      i.v.) were administered before kerosene aerosol exposure these significantly
      inhibited kerosene-induced bronchoconstriction, whereas ICI 74917 (10 mg/kg i.v.)
      and BRL 10833 (10 mg/kg i.v.) lacked this protective effect. These results
      support our hypothesis that an additional protective effect on smooth muscle and
      its innervation is involved in the mode of action of the prophylactic
      antiasthmatic drugs which have been clinically successful.

PMID- 6422728
TI  - Effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the guinea pig trachea and ileum.
AB  - Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (10(-2)M) significantly inhibits contractions
      induced by potassium chloride and barium chloride on guinea pig ileum and
      trachea. The effects of DSCG against these spasmogens are greater on the guinea
      pig ileum than on its trachea, which may be related with the calcium ion if we
      take into account that the contraction of the latter preparation seems to be less
      dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration than the first one. DSCG
      (10(-2)M) inhibits contractions induced by electrical stimulation (0.1 Hz) but
      the action of exogenous acetylcholine is not affected. This effect supports a
      neural site of action for DSCG in the ileum. DSCG (10(-2)M) also suppresses
      contractions induced by electrical stimulation (20 Hz) on isolated guinea pig
      trachea. This effect of DSCG is concentration and time dependent. The fact that
      DSCG inhibits contractions induced by electrical stimulation in both, guinea pig
      ileum and trachea as well as atropine does, constitute evidence that either an
      inhibition of acetylcholine release from postganglionic parasympathetic fibers or
      an anticholinergic effect is involved in the mode of action of DSCG. These
      effects can be ascribed to membrane stabilizing properties of this antiallergic
      drug.

PMID- 6422729
TI  - Gastrointestinal function after forty.
AB  - Although hiatal hernia, diverticula and gallstones appear with increasing
      frequency during the middle years, these structural changes are most often
      asymptomatic. Many of the gastrointestinal complaints of patients in this age
      group are continuations of previous problems, such as an irritable bowel, or are
      related to dietary indiscretions. Esophageal function may also be altered.

PMID- 6422730
TI  - Rectal ameboma.
AB  - Although rare, invasive amebiasis should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of rectal disease suggesting carcinoma. In the case reported, rectal
      ameboma was responsible for the patient's rectal pain, hematochezia and weight
      loss.

PMID- 6422731
TI  - Variable effects of intracoronary nitroglycerin on myocardial blood flow and
      segmental shortening according to dose and degree of coronary occlusion.
AB  - The effects of intracoronary nitroglycerin were determined in 21 open-chest dogs.
      Six dogs with severe stenosis (25 mm Hg diastolic perfusion pressure) and nine
      dogs with moderate stenosis (40 mm Hg) received a 12 micrograms bolus followed by
      44 micrograms/min intracoronary nitroglycerin. In addition, six dogs with
      moderate stenosis (40 mm Hg) received 5 micrograms followed by 5 micrograms/min
      nitroglycerin. Myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres
      and segment shortening with ultrasonic crystals. At 40 mm Hg, high-dose but not
      low-dose nitroglycerin raised epicardial blood flow, while at 25 mm Hg
      nitroglycerin had no effect. Subendocardial blood flow was not affected in any
      group. Partial occlusion resulted in a decrease in segment shortening in the 25
      mm Hg group but not at 40 mm Hg. High-dose nitroglycerin had no effect on
      shortening at either level of occlusion. Thus, in the presence of coronary
      vascular reserve, high-dose nitroglycerin may overcome coronary autoregulation. A
      dose equivalent to one that simulates the amount of nitroglycerin delivered to
      the coronary circulation by a systemic infusion did not affect myocardial blood
      flow. In addition, even a large dose of nitroglycerin did not affect segment
      shortening.

PMID- 6422732
TI  - Ergonovine-induced coronary spasm refractory to intracoronary nitroglycerin but
      responsive to nitroprusside.

PMID- 6422733
TI  - Nitroglycerin and nitroprusside increase coronary blood flow in dogs by a
      mechanism independent of prostaglandin release.
AB  - The hypothesis that local release of vasodilator prostaglandins mediates, in
      part, the decrease in coronary resistance after nitroglycerin (NG) administration
      was tested. NG (60 micrograms/min) and nitroprusside (NP) (30 micrograms/min)
      were infused for 10 minutes into the left circumflex coronary artery of 9 open
      chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs before and after blockade of prostaglandin
      synthesis with indomethacin (5 mg/kg). Also, to eliminate the effects of reflex
      tachycardia on the responses to NG and NP, these experiments were repeated in 6
      dogs with heart rate held constant by pacing. NG infusion into dogs without
      pacing resulted in a maximal increase in coronary blood flow of 55% and after 8
      minutes of infusion an increase of 20%, from a baseline of 57 ml/min. NP infusion
      resulted in a maximal increase in blood flow of 89% and after 8 minutes an
      increase of 71%, from a baseline of 64 ml/min. In dogs with heart rate held
      constant, NG infusion caused a maximal increase in coronary artery blood flow of
      132% and after 8 minutes of infusion an increase of 18%, from a baseline of 48
      ml/min; NP infusion resulted in increase from 51 ml/min of 132% and 62%,
      respectively. In neither group of dogs did indomethacin significantly change the
      increases in coronary blood flow or decreases in coronary resistance to NG or NP.
      Thus, both NG and NP, when infused into the coronary artery of dogs, cause
      increases in coronary blood flow and decreases in coronary resistance by a
      mechanism which is independent of prostaglandin release.

PMID- 6422734
TI  - Platelet adherence to bioprosthetic cardiac valves.
AB  - Tissue from porcine aortic bioprosthetic valves (Hancock) and bovine pericardial
      valves (Ionescu-Shiley) were incubated with platelets tagged with chromium-51.
      There was a significantly decreased platelet-collagen adhesion reaction in both
      porcine and bovine glutaraldehyde-treated valves compared with reactions in fresh
      porcine aortic valve and fresh bovine pericardium (p less than 0.001). There was
      no significant difference in the platelet-collagen reaction between porcine
      aortic valve and bovine pericardium, whether treated with glutaraldehyde or in
      the fresh state (p greater than 0.05). The addition of aspirin did not
      significantly decrease the platelet-collagen reaction on glutaraldehyde-treated
      or fresh valves (p greater than 0.05). Rinsing fresh valves in plasma appeared to
      offer more protection against platelet adhesion than rinsing them in saline
      solution (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that there is no difference in
      platelet adherence to porcine aortic valve or bovine pericardium and that
      glutaraldehyde, and perhaps plasma, offers a protective effect against platelet
      adhesion.

PMID- 6422735
TI  - Randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of lidoflazine in patients receiving
      beta-blocker therapy with propranolol: improvement in anginal symptoms and
      exercise tolerance with combined drug therapy.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients symptomatic despite beta-blocker therapy were entered into a
      randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of lidoflazine
      added to propranolol. After clinically documented beta blockade was achieved,
      patients were randomized to either propranolol plus placebo (P) or propranolol
      plus lidoflazine (L). Patients initially receiving lidoflazine (group with
      treatment sequence LP) showed improvement in exercise tolerance from propranolol
      alone (7.2 to 9.3 minutes, p less than 0.05). Those randomized initially to
      propranolol plus placebo (group with treatment sequence PL) had unchanged
      exercise tolerance (7.3 minutes). After 4 months, patients were crossed over to
      the alternative form of therapy. Patients (group PL) now receiving lidoflazine in
      addition to propranolol increased their exercise duration (7.8 minutes), but not,
      significantly. However, patients switched to propranolol plus placebo (group LP)
      continued to sustain their improved exercise capacity, showing a "carryover"
      effect. Symptomatic improvement was manifested by a statistically significant
      reduction in both anginal attack rate and nitroglycerin consumption. The
      therapeutic efficacy of combined therapy was associated with further blunting of
      the heart rate response to exercise achieved by beta blockade alone. The
      combination of agents was well tolerated.

PMID- 6422736
TI  - Hodgkin's disease. Results from a program in radiation therapy.
AB  - From January 1965 to December 1975, 122 patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's
      disease, Stage I-A, II-A, and III-A were treated at the Department of Radiation
      Therapy at Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital. Twenty-five patients with
      Stage I-A, 54 patients with Stage II-A, and 43 patients with Stage III-A were
      accepted for treatment. Retrospective analysis was made to define the impact of
      the cell type, clinical and pathologic stage, and tumor bulk on prognosis. Of the
      25 patients with Stage I-A Hodgkin's disease, 13 were clinically staged and 12
      pathologically staged. Nine patients received extended-field radiation therapy
      with the overall relapse-free survival of 100% at 5 and 9 years; 16 patients
      received mantle radiation only, with overall survival of 84% and relapse-free
      survival of 68% at 5 and 10 years. Of 54 patients with Stage II-A Hodgkin's
      disease (32 clinically staged and 22 pathologically staged), six patients
      received involved field radiation therapy with overall survival of 68 and 49% at
      5 and 10 years, and relapse-free survival of 33 and 17% at 5 and 10 years.
      Nineteen patients received limited-field radiation therapy (mantle or inverted Y)
      with overall survival of 49% at 5 and 10 years, and relapse-free survival of 42
      and 31% at 5 and 10 years, and 29 patients received extended-field radiation
      therapy (mantle and para-aortic or TNI) with overall survival of 88% at 5 and 10
      years, and relapse-free survival of 82 and 73% at 5 and 10 years. The overall and
      relapse-free survival at 5 and 10 years in 22 patients pathologically staged II-A
      (treated by different techniques) are 95 and 75%. Forty-three patients with Stage
      III-A Hodgkin's disease (treated with different techniques) reveal an overall
      survival of 79 and 64% at 5 and 10 years, and relapse-free survival of 58 and 45%
      at 5 and 10 years. Complications consisted of six patients with overt symptoms of
      hypothyroidism, two patients with peripheral neuropathy, one patient with
      radiation myelitis, and two patients with symptoms of leukoencephalopathy. Two
      patients developed second malignancies.

PMID- 6422737
TI  - Factor VIII related antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity
      in the differential diagnosis of central nervous system hemangioblastomas.
AB  - Nineteen hemangioblastomas, nine angioblastic meningiomas, ten metastases to the
      brain (including five renal cell carcinomas), and five primary renal cell
      carcinomas were studied using the immunoperoxidase method for Factor VIII related
      antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). All tumor types showed Factor
      VIII immunoreactivity confined to endothelial cells. Factor VIII immunostaining
      revealed a distinct, though probably nondiagnostic, vascular pattern for
      hemangioblastomas as compared with metastatic carcinomas and angioblastic
      meningiomas. Most of the hemangioblastomas and metastases showed numerous GFAP
      reactive cells with unequivocal astrocytic morphology primarily at the interface
      with brain parenchyma but also occasionally deep within the tumor. Within
      metastases these cells often were associated with penetrating fibrovascular
      septa. In a minority of hemangioblastomas and metastatic carcinomas there were
      rare GFAP immunoreactive cells that were indistinguishable from stromal or
      metastatic tumor cells, respectively. Angioblastic meningiomas showed no GFAP
      reactivity. It is concluded that the presence of GFAP-reactive cells alone is not
      helpful in differentiating between hemangioblastomas and intra-axial lesions. The
      lack of stromal cell immunoreactivity in angioblastic meningiomas and the rare
      staining of stromal cells in hemangioblastomas, seen also in central nervous
      system (CNS) metastases, suggest that except for the endothelial cells lining
      vessels, these primary CNS lesions are not antigenically closely related to
      either endothelial cells or astroglia. Furthermore, in the evaluation of tumors
      within the CNS, the significance of rare GFAP-positive tumor cells must be
      interpreted with caution.

PMID- 6422738
TI  - Pseudoleukocytosis due to EDTA-induced platelet clumping.
AB  - This study documents the presence of significant analytic error due to
      pseudoleukocyte formation as the result of platelet clumps induced by EDTA
      anticoagulant. The frequency of this problem is low, and the more severe cases
      can be recognized by the development of concomitant pseudothrombocytopenia, which
      triggers platelet alarms in the instrument. Analytic error may be avoided by
      analyzing blood drawn by fingerstick or into heparin.

PMID- 6422739
TI  - Rapid recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens using automated
      radiometric technic.
AB  - Automated radiometric technic (BACTEC Johnston Laboratories, Towson, MD) was
      compared with conventional mycobacterial culture procedure (Lowenstein-Jensen
      plus Gruft modification of Lowenstein-Jensen) in this study of 1,000 clinical
      specimens. In addition, 8-azaguanine inhibition was tested by radiometric technic
      as a rapid procedure for the differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from
      other mycobacterial species. A total of 59 mycobacteria was recovered. Of 28
      clinically significant isolates (M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium, M.
      fortuitum), the BACTEC system detected 26 (93%). Conventional methods recovered
      23 (82%). The BACTEC system required an average of seven days to recover M.
      tuberculosis from smear-positive specimens compared with 18 days required by
      Lowenstein-Jensen or Gruft slants. From smear-negative specimens, the BACTEC
      detected M. tuberculosis in an average of 20 days versus 28 days by conventional
      procedure. All 20 isolates of M. tuberculosis were inhibited by 8-azaguanine,
      whereas 39 isolates of mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis were not
      inhibited. The BACTEC system accomplishes more rapid recovery of mycobacteria and
      provides a higher yield than conventional methods.

PMID- 6422740
TI  - Fatal neurologic complication of parenteral feeding through a central vein
      catheter.
AB  - A 9-month-old male infant, born at 32 weeks' gestation, had neonatal necrotizing
      enterocolitis and required long-term parenteral nutrition. At 9 months of age, a
      central venous catheter was inserted through the left saphenous vein into the
      inferior vena cava, and the infant died nine days later. Shortly before death, a
      lumbar puncture yielded milky fluid with an extremely high glucose and protein
      content. A postmortem barium injection through the central catheter demonstrated
      free barium in the retroperitoneal cavity and epidural space, and autopsy
      findings confirmed that the catheter had entered an ascending lumbar vein with a
      large retroperitoneal abscess. This case emphasized the need to confirm central
      venous catheter position at the time of insertion and pointed out yet another
      risk of parenteral alimentation.

PMID- 6422741
TI  - Enterovesical fistula complicating Crohn's ileocolitis.
AB  - An enterovesical fistula, an infrequent complication of Crohn's ileocolitis which
      is considered to constitute a difficult surgical problem, was encountered in 29
      patients. These patients had been treated for Crohn's disease by medical means
      for years and several had previously undergone bowel resections. An exacerbation
      of the Crohn's disease occurred in all patients coincident with the appearance of
      dysuria or the obvious clinical presentation (fecaluria) of the fistula. Other
      manifestations of active Crohn's disease frequently coexisted. Radiographic
      evaluation was of limited help in establishing the presence of the fistula.
      Cystoscopy was suggestive of the diagnosis in 18 of 20 patients so examined.
      Treatment consisted of ileocecal resection with primary anastomosis (25) or
      exteriorization (4). The bladder defect was sparingly excised and closed with
      absorbable sutures. One patient developed a bladder leak which closed
      spontaneously. Recovery was uneventful in the others. An ileovesical fistula
      constitutes an indication for operation not only to eradicate the urinary sepsis
      but also to correct the other complications (malnutrition, obstruction, abscess)
      of Crohn's disease. To assure an uncomplicated course, emphasis must be placed on
      an individually designed correct approach to the (causative) intestinal problem,
      while the surgical aspects of the bladder defect can be a matter of routine.

PMID- 6422742
TI  - Neurological studies on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-poisoned patients.
AB  - Thirty-five patients out of the 2,000 PCB-poisoned cases that occurred in central
      Taiwan in 1978 were neurologically studied in 1980. Neurological manifestation
      included clinical peripheral sensory neuropathy in about two thirds of the cases,
      headache in two-fifths and dizziness in one-third. There was no relationship
      between the blood PCB concentration in patients with neurological manifestation
      and those without. Sensory nerve conduction velocity was reduced in about half of
      the cases and motor nerve conduction was delayed in about one-third of the cases,
      which suggested that PCB poisoning apparently affected not only sensory nerve
      conduction but also motor nerve conduction. Normal CSF PCB concentrations (0.5
      2.3 ppb) indicated that PCB had difficulty penetrating the blood-brain barrier. A
      mildly abnormal EEG pattern was found in one fifth of twenty-seven cases.

PMID- 6422743
TI  - Ocular manifestation of polychlorinated biphenyls intoxication.
AB  - One hundred thirty patients with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning (46
      males, 84 females) were examined in the department of Ophthalmology, Veterans
      General Hospital, Taiwan. The main ocular manifestations were profuse discharge
      from the eye, swelling and pigmentation of the upper lids, abnormal pigmentation
      of the conjunctivae, and hypersecretion and swelling of the Meibomian glands. Eye
      discharge was present in 104 (80.5%) of the 130 patients; swelling of upper lids
      was seen in 79 (60.4%); pigmentation of conjunctivae was found in 88 (67.6%);
      hypersecretion and cystic swelling of the Meibomian glands was seen in 92
      (70.7%); and 5 patients (3.8%) required incision and drainage because of cystic
      formation with secondary infection of the Meibomian glands. PCB concentration in
      the blood was classified into five groups: 0-15 ppb, 16-40 ppb, 41-60 ppb, and
      over 100 ppb by gas chromatography. Positive clinical findings increased parallel
      to high blood PCB concentration. In particular, heavy pigmentation of
      conjunctivae, abnormal cystic formation and hypersecretion of the Meibomian
      glands occurred markedly in those patients whose blood PCB concentration was
      above 41 ppb. It is concluded that the severity of ocular manifestations was
      closely related to high blood PCB levels. Ocular signs might help not only as a
      guide to early diagnosis but might also serve to indicate the degree of poisoning
      by PCB.

PMID- 6422744
TI  - Past and current medical states of yusho patients.
AB  - A subacute poisoning, "yusho," caused by the ingestion of Kanemi rice oil which
      had been accidentally contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
      occurred in the western part of Japan in 1968. During the past decade, various
      clinical symptoms of yusho patients have diminished gradually. However, some of
      the symptoms and signs, such as pigmentation of the skin, conjunctiva and
      gingiva, eye discharge, and various nonspecific general symptoms still remain in
      a number of severely ill patients. In this report, clinical observations of yusho
      patients during 1968-78 are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6422746
TI  - A trial of fasting cure for PCB-poisoned patients in Taiwan.
AB  - Sixteen patients poisoned by ingestion of a rice oil contaminated with
      polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in Taiwan voluntarily joined a trial of fasting cure
      for either seven or ten days approximately 26 or 35 months after being poisoned.
      During fasting, mixed juice made of fresh vegetables and fruits and milk or
      "tohnyu," that is, boiled soybean juice, were given on a fixed schedule. All
      these patients showed improvements of their symptoms and signs caused by the
      poisoning. Some of them enjoyed a dramatic relief of their sufferings such as
      severe headache, lumbago, arthralgia, pain at the sole, cough, sputa, and/or
      acneiform eruptions. The eruptions forming abscesses or cysts were, however, hard
      to cure. Thus, the fasting cure was demonstrated to be effective in the treatment
      of the patients. PCB concentrations in blood were rather elevated during and
      after the fasting.

PMID- 6422745
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, and quaterphenyls in the toxic rice
      bran oil and PCBs in the blood of patients with PCB poisoning in Taiwan.
AB  - A mass outbreak of poisoning occurred in central Taiwan in 1979 due to the
      ingestion of rice-bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In
      addition to PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated
      quaterphenyls (PCQs) were also found in the contaminated oil. The levels of toxic
      agents in the rice-oil samples collected from factory and school cafeterias and
      the families of the intoxicated patients were in the range of 53-99 ppm, 0.18
      0.40 ppm, and 25-53 ppm for PCBs, PCDFs, and PCQs, respectively. Major components
      of PCBs and PCDFs in the toxic oil were separated and identified by gas
      chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using glass
      capillary columns. The most toxic PCB reported in commercial PCB preparations,
      3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, was found in the toxic oil as well as in one of
      the patients' blood and adipose tissue at an early stage of poisoning. The blood
      samples of 165 patients collected 9 to 18 months after the onset of poisoning
      contained 10 to 720 ppb of PCBs with a mean value of 38 ppb. One of the most
      toxic PCDFs, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, was retained in the liver of a
      deceased patient. This compound could play an important role in the etiology of
      PCB poisoning in Taiwan.

PMID- 6422747
TI  - Autopsy of patients with yusho.
AB  - Autopsy findings of 12 patients with yusho including 2 stillborn babies are
      reported. Characteristic pathological changes were acne-like eruptions and
      cutaneous pigmentation with histological features of follicular hyperkeratosis,
      dilated hair follicles, and an increase of melanin pigment of the epidermis. In
      addition to the skin lesions, multiplication of the duct epithelium of the
      esophageal gland was found in 6 patients. Unusual multiple small foci of
      myocardial necrosis and fibrosis with basophilic myofibrillar degeneration were
      found in one patient, suggesting a relation to PCB exposure. Five cases with
      carcinomas (two involving the liver, two the lung, and one the esophagus) were
      also found, but their causal relationship with PCB was not certain. Nine cases
      showed the characteristic gas chromatographic pattern of yusho, but two cases had
      the same one as that of healthy controls.

PMID- 6422748
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans in patients with yusho and their
      toxicological significance: a review.
AB  - The rice oil ingested by the patients with yusho and their blood, liver, and
      adipose tissue were analyzed for individual congeners of polychlorinated
      biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The individual
      congeners identified were examined for accumulation in the liver of monkeys and
      rats, inducing activities of benzo[a]pyrene 3-hydroxylase, benzphetamine
      demethylase, and DT-diaphorase in rats, and gravimetric changes of the thymus and
      liver in rats. Among the six PCB congeners detected in yusho patients,
      2,3,4,5,3',4'-hexa-CB seems to be the compound most related to yusho judging from
      its strong enzyme-inducing activities in the liver and the thymus atrophy and
      liver hypertrophy caused by feeding it to rats. PCDF congeners identified in the
      patients' tissues showed a stronger toxicity in rats than these PCBs, exhibiting
      stronger enzyme induction activities and gravimetric changes of the tissues.
      These PCDF congeners, especially 2,3,4,7,8-penta-CDF, were also very accumulative
      in the liver. Therefore, they are considered as the most important etiologic
      agents for the current symptoms and signs of yusho patients.

PMID- 6422749
TI  - Causal agents of yusho.
AB  - Through the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated
      quaterphenyls (PCQs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) retained in the
      blood of Japanese and Taiwanese patients who had been poisoned by ingesting
      contaminated cooking oils, in the blood of workers occupationally exposed to
      PCBs, and in the blood of unexposed individuals, it was strongly suggested that
      PCDFs might be the responsible compounds for the development of yusho disease. To
      confirm this, animal experiments were done. The dermal signs resembling those of
      yusho were observed among the cynomolgus monkeys that received a PCDF mixture
      consisting of PCDF components similar to those in the yusho oils. In addition,
      significant thymic atrophy and decreased body weight gain were noted in the rats
      fed PCDFs. However, the administration of PCBs or PCQs alone failed to cause such
      signs in the monkeys or rats. As a result, it became clear that PCDFs were the
      main causative agents in the pathogenesis of yusho disease.

PMID- 6422750
TI  - PCBs in blood of workers exposed to PCBs and their health status.
AB  - Fact-finding surveys of workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated
      biphenyls (PCBs) in the production of silk thread or of paint were carried out.
      Some of the workers showed higher PCB levels in the plasma than typical yusho
      patients. Gas chromatographic patterns of their PCBs were shown to match the
      pattern of the PCBs to which they had been exposed. Levels of polychlorinated
      quaterphenyls in their blood were lower than 0.02 ppb. Medical findings were
      slight compared with typical yusho patients. From these results, the differences
      in contamination with PCBs and relevant compounds and in health status between
      these workers and yusho patients are discussed.

PMID- 6422751
TI  - Clinical observations in ethyl mercury chloride poisoning.
AB  - Forty-one patients in the Peoples Republic of China were poisoned by ethyl
      mercury chloride, caused by the ingestion of rice that had been treated with the
      chemical. A dose-response relationship was found. Five months after the onset of
      the intoxication, the patients were still in poor condition. They were treated
      with two chelating agents, sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (DMPS) and sodium
      dimercaptosuccinate (DMS), whose effects were compared. Both agents were
      effective but DMPS was superior. Although urinary excretion is not the best
      estimate of body burden in alkyl mercury intoxication, during chelation therapy
      urinary mercury was an effective indicator for diagnosis and assessment of the
      degree of intoxication. Chelation therapy was diagnosis and assessment of the
      degree of intoxication. Chelation therapy was useful as long as the urinary
      mercury level was elevated.

PMID- 6422752
TI  - Fiscal and clinical evaluation of home parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The clinical management activities performed by nonphysician members of a home
      parenteral nutrition (HPN) service were evaluated, and the costs of providing a
      home-care service with a hospital-based supply were projected. The nutrition
      support service team included two pharmacists, one nurse, one dietitian, one
      social worker, and two physicians. The clinical activities of the nonphysician
      members of the service were documented for a one-year period involving 13
      patients. Inventory data for items dispensed were obtained from the commercial
      vender supplying the patients during the study. Projected charges for the
      hospital pharmacy to deliver supplies were based on actual contract costs to the
      hospital. An arbitrarily assigned markup of 40% was used to calculate break-even
      data. The clinical management of the HPN patients required 203 hours of the
      nonphysician health-care professionals' time. For the initial fiscal year, the
      fixed and variable costs were projected as $253,360, which amounted to $89.82 per
      calendar day of home therapy. The hospital would have to provide 1416 calendar
      days of home parenteral nutrition before revenues equaled expenses at $168,504.
      The projected annual savings for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition at home
      rather than in the hospital was $651,651. Supply alternatives for HPN should be
      evaluated according to specific institutional needs.

PMID- 6422753
TI  - Stability of nitroglycerin in intravenous admixtures.
AB  - The stability of nitroglycerin in intravenous admixtures was studied. Admixtures
      containing nitroglycerin 400 micrograms/ml and each of seven injectable drugs in
      concentrations used clinically were prepared in triplicate in 5% dextrose and
      0.9% sodium chloride injections. Admixtures were stored in glass bottles at room
      temperature for 24 hours in the upright position and then for 24 hours in the
      inverted position to ensure contact of the solution with the rubber stopper of
      the container. At 0, 24, and 48 hours, samples of each admixture were assayed by
      high-performance liquid chromatography for nitroglycerin concentration. The pH of
      one randomly chosen bottle of each admixture was measured at 0, 24, and 48 hours.
      A significant loss of nitroglycerin potency at 48 hours was observed only in
      admixtures containing phenytoin; in these solutions, a 9% decrease in initial
      nitroglycerin concentration was noted. Phenytoin crystallization was present in
      all phenytoin admixtures by 24 hours. Compared with initial values, no
      significant differences in the pH values of any admixture samples assayed at 24
      and 48 hours were noted; however, admixtures containing phenytoin had the most
      alkaline pH values. Under the conditions studied, nitroglycerin concentrations
      remained above 90% of their initial values for 48 hours in all tested admixtures;
      however, phenytoin crystallization limits the stability of phenytoin admixtures.

PMID- 6422754
TI  - Clinical aspects of hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6422756
TI  - Rapid presumptive identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-bovis complex
      by radiometric determination of heat stable urease.
AB  - Simple and rapid Bactec methodologies for the determination of neat (unaltered)
      and heat stable urease activity of mycobacteria are presented. Clinical isolates
      (63) and stock cultures (32)--consisting of: M. tuberculosis (19), M. bovis (5),
      M. kansasii (15), M. marinum (4), M. simiae (3), M. scrofulaceum (16), M.
      gordonae (6), M. szulgai (6), M. flavescens (1), M. gastri (1), M. intracellulare
      (6), M. fortuitum-chelonei complex (12), and M. smegmatis (1)--were tested for
      neat urease activity by Bactec radiometry. Mycobacterial isolates (50-100 mg wet
      weight) were incubated at 35 degrees C for 30 minutes with microCi14C-urea.
      Urease-positive mycobacteria gave Bactec growth index (GI) values greater than
      100 units, whereas urease-negative species gave values less than 10 GI units.
      Eighty-three isolates possessing neat urease activity were heated at 80 degrees C
      for 30 minutes followed by incubation at 35 degrees C for 30 minutes with 1
      microCi14C-urea. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-bovis complex demonstrated heat
      stable urease activity (GI more than 130 units) and could be distinguished from
      mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), which gave GI values equal to or
      less than 40 units.

PMID- 6422755
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of factor VIII and factor IX.
AB  - It appears the state of the art of evaluating factors VIII and IX is in its
      infancy. With the exception of the screening tests, the more specific
      methodologies are expensive, time-consuming, and require a certain amount of
      technical proficiency for proper performance. However, our ability to evaluate
      these molecules has advanced greatly since the early 1970s. Most probably the
      methods described in this paper will be available in the near future to all
      laboratories wishing to perform them, either in kit form or in a more simplified
      version. Meanwhile, the APTT, mixing tests, qualitative factor assays, and
      bleeding times may be performed by nearly any laboratory. The performance of
      these tests will help identify those patients who may have potentially life
      threatening postoperative bleeding episodes or who are having a bleeding episode
      that requires diagnosis for effective treatment. It is therefore important that
      these tests be incorporated into our routine coagulation protocols.

PMID- 6422757
TI  - Characterization of certain minor monodispersed bands found on serum protein
      electrophoresis as C-reactive protein.
AB  - A monodispersed band is a dense, homogeneous band on serum protein
      electrophoresis (SPE), indicating the presence of a discrete protein. Minor
      monodispersed bands in the gamma region on SPE usually indicate minor monoclonal
      immunoglobulins that can be characterized by immunofixation. Occasionally, these
      minor monodispersed bands cannot be shown to be immunoglobulins. This report
      illustrates that elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) may be detectable as
      an "M-spike" on SPE; therefore, if immunofixation is performed, anti-CRP could be
      included in the panel of antisera used to characterize the minor monodispersed
      band. The detection of CRP as an "M-spike" in the gamma region is, however,
      dependent upon the absence of a chelating agent in the SPE support medium. When
      EDTA is present, the electrophoretic mobility of CRP is altered to a beta
      mobility.

PMID- 6422758
TI  - Urban tuberculosis: some modern problems.
AB  - During a six-month period in 1980, tuberculosis was detected in 70 patients at
      our municipal hospital. Clinical and epidemiologic features of the disease
      continue to reflect those noted decades ago. Management of these patients was
      complicated by difficulty in confirming the diagnosis and relapse in patients
      resisting chemotherapy, although organisms resistant to antituberculosis drugs
      were infrequent. The hospital cost of caring for tuberculous patients was high
      (mean: $1941.36). As tuberculosis today remains a disease of the poor, costs for
      its care still are borne by the public. At a time when reduction in Federal
      support for tuberculosis control is being considered, it is important to realize
      that the disease remains a serious medical problem and financial burden in the
      United States.

PMID- 6422759
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's vasculopathy.
AB  - Vasculopathy in the syndrome of Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis is a well
      known but clinically underestimated phenomenon. Its manifestations have included
      renovascular hypertension, occlusive cerebrovascular disease and visceral
      ischemia. The progressive arterial disease may involve small vessels on a regular
      basis and large vessels in a variety of angiographic patterns. A young
      neurofibromatosis patient is described with an aneurysm of the superior
      mesenteric artery complicating renovascular hypertension associated with aortic
      coarctation and renal artery stenosis. This unique angiographic demonstration
      illustrates the therapeutic dilemmas posed by the vascular disease associated
      with Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6422760
TI  - Successful induction of ovulation and conception with pulsatile intravenous
      administration of human menopausal gonadotropins in anovulatory infertile women
      resistant to clomiphene and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy.
AB  - Gonadotropins are released in a pulsatile fashion at a frequency of between 1 and
      2 hours in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Human menopausal
      gonadotropins are usually administered intramuscularly. We evaluated the gonadal
      response to intravenous human menopausal gonadotropins administered in a
      pulsatile fashion over nine treatment cycles in three anovulatory infertile
      women. Human menopausal gonadotropin pulses in doses up to 12 IU follicle
      stimulating hormone at frequencies between 2 to 3 hours over 3 to 17 days
      resulted in ovulation in five cycles with one pregnancy being conceived. In the
      ovulatory cycles (5,000 to 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin was used to
      induce ovulation), the 17 beta-plasma estradiol level was 961 +/- 128 versus 326
      +/- 95 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) in the anovulatory cycles (p = 0.015). The dose of
      human menopausal gonadotropins (in ampules of Pergonal, 75 IU of follicle
      stimulating hormone and 75 IU of luteinizing hormone) in the intravenous cycles
      needed to induce ovulation was 12.3 +/- 1.4 versus 20.4 +/- 0.9 for intramuscular
      cycles (n = 80 in 23 women, p = 0.008). Treatment was well tolerated and without
      complications. We are continuing to explore the use of this apparently more
      efficient mode of administering human menopausal gonadotropins to anovulatory
      patients resistant to other techniques of ovulation induction therapy.

PMID- 6422761
TI  - The effect of multiparity on intrasellar prolactinomas.
AB  - A complete reassessment of ovulation, pituitary reserve and function, and sella
      turcica anatomy was carried out in nine multiparous patients with intrasellar
      prolactinomas to determine whether long-term bromocriptine therapy was required
      and to document the natural history of the disease after two or more pregnancies.
      After the last pregnancy, bromocriptine was discontinued and pituitary function
      and anatomy and prolactinoma activity were reassessed with documentation of
      ovulation (basal body temperature graphs and menstrual history), search for fat
      droplet-positive galactorrhea, pituitary fossa tomography, computerized
      tomographic scan, triple-bolus testing, and visual fields. These data were
      compared with a similar workup carried out prior to the first pregnancy. Three
      groups of eventual outcomes were identified radiologically. Anterior pituitary
      gland function and reserve remained normal in all, and no neurological sequelae
      were noted. Four patients did not require long-term treatment. A hypothesis of
      autoinfarction of the adenoma is raised, since three patients were shown to have
      empty sellae.

PMID- 6422762
TI  - The action of clomiphene in stress-induced amenorrhea.
AB  - Seven women with stress-induced amenorrhea were challenged with metoclopramide,
      10 mg intravenously, before and at the end of a course of clomiphene. Initial
      testing with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone demonstrated that all subjects
      had the capacity to release luteinizing hormone (LH), but in response to
      metoclopramide there was no increase in the levels of LH. This lack of response
      did not change after 5 days of clomiphene, although basal levels of LH and
      estradiol increased significantly. The pattern of response of prolactin to
      metoclopramide did not change after clomiphene. These results suggest that there
      is no significant dopamine-mediated inhibition of release of luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone in women with stress-induced amenorrhea. The administration of
      clomiphene to these women does not appear primarily to alter hypothalamic
      dopaminergic activity.

PMID- 6422763
TI  - Evaluation of techniques for induction of ovulation in outpatients employing
      pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone.
AB  - The efficacy, safety, and patient's acceptance of intravenous and subcutaneous
      therapy with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) with the use of either an
      autoinfusion pump or a smaller manual pen pump delivery system have been
      evaluated during the induction of ovulation in outpatients with hypothalamic
      hypogonadotropic amenorrhea. An ovulatory response to intravenous GnRH was highly
      reproducible, even at low doses, and complications associated with the
      intravenous route of delivery were infrequent and readily treated. Although no
      complications were observed during subcutaneous GnRH therapy, the response to the
      subcutaneous route of delivery was unpredictable over a wide range of dosages and
      delivery schedules. The pen pump was rated more highly by subjects than the
      autoinfusion pump, because the pen pump was both light and inconspicuous.

PMID- 6422764
TI  - Aromatase activity in human granulosa cells during follicular development and the
      modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin.
AB  - Granulosa cells were isolated from follicles that ranged in size from 0.4 to 2.0
      cm in diameter, obtained from patients during the follicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle. Aromatase activity, assessed by the release of tritiated water
      from [1 beta-3H]testosterone, was undetectable in follicles with a diameter of
      less than 1.0 cm; thereafter, there was a direct correlation between aromatase
      activity and follicular diameter. When cultured in the presence of 200 ng of
      National Institutes of Health follicle-stimulating hormone-15 per milliliter,
      aromatase activity was stimulated in cells isolated from all sizes of follicles
      from 0.4 to 1.5 cm. Insulin (500 ng/ml) further augmented follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH)-induced aromatase activity, as evidenced both by an increase in 17
      beta-estradiol production and by the release of tritiated water from [1 beta
      3H]testosterone by granulosa cells. This study further delineates the role of FSH
      in estrogen production during human follicular development and suggests that
      insulin or insulin-like growth factors may play a role in modifying the FSH
      dependent cellular differentiation of human granulosa cells.

PMID- 6422765
TI  - Fetal pulmonary maturity in isoimmunized pregnancies.
AB  - That the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio correlates very closely with fetal
      gestational age in the uncomplicated pregnancy is well accepted. The presence of
      fetal or maternal disease has been found to accelerate or retard the development
      of fetal lung maturity in certain pregnancies. Although only a very small number
      of isoimmunized pregnancies has been evaluated in the obstetric literature, there
      is general acceptance that most isoimmunized pregnancies have delayed pulmonary
      maturation. Our observation has been that, in mild to moderately severe
      isoimmunized pregnancies, fetal lung maturation is not delayed. This study was
      designed to compare fetal pulmonary maturation in pregnancies affected by
      isoimmunization to that in a control group of unaffected but sensitized
      pregnancies. The results of this study suggest that pulmonary maturation in the
      mild to moderately affected pregnancy as measured by the L/S ratio is neither
      delayed nor accelerated but unchanged when comparison is made to the control
      group.

PMID- 6422766
TI  - Stride length and speed for adults, children, and fossil hominids.
AB  - Research workers studying the relationship between stride length (L) and speed
      (u) in human walking have often expressed their results as multiples of stature
      (h): they have given values of L/h and u/h. They have claimed or implied that
      this takes account of differences of body size and that L/h should be the same
      function of u/h for people of all sizes. It is shown that this is not true for
      comparisons of children with adults. Further, it is argued by dimensional
      analysis that u/square root gh is a more appropriate speed parameter that u/h (g
      is the acceleration of free fall). It is shown that L/h is approximately the same
      function of u/square root gh for children aged 4 or more years as for adults. The
      empirical relationship between L/h and u/square root gh is used to make new
      estimates of walking speed for the early hominid footprints found at Laetoli,
      Tanzania. The speeds obtained are equivalent to mean speeds of human walking
      observed in small towns (i.e., they give approximately equal values of u/square
      root gh).

PMID- 6422767
TI  - Patterns of molar wear in hunger-gatherers and agriculturalists.
AB  - Tooth wear records valuable information on diet and methods of food preparation
      in prehistoric populations or extinct species. In this study, samples of modern
      and prehistoric hunger-gatherers and agriculturalists are used to test the
      hypothesis that there are systematic differences in patterns of tooth wear
      related to major differences in subsistence and food preparation. Flatness of
      molar wear is compared for five groups in hunger-gatherers (N = 298) and five
      groups of early agriculturalists (N = 365). Hunger-gatherers are predicted to
      develop flatter molar wear due to the mastication of tough and fibrous foods,
      whereas agriculturalists should develop oblique molar wear due to an increase in
      the proportion of ground and prepared food in the diet. A method is presented for
      the quantitative measurement and analysis of flatness of molar wear. Comparisons
      of wear plane angle are made between teeth matched for the same stage of occlusal
      surface wear, thus standardizing all groups to the same rate of wear.
      Agriculturalists develop highly angled occlusal wear planes on the entire molar
      dentition. Their wear plane angles tend to exceed hunger-gatherers by about 10
      degrees in advanced wear. Wear plane angles are similar within subsistence
      divisions despite regional differences in particular foods. This approach can be
      used to provide supporting evidence of change in human subsistence and to test
      dietary hypotheses in hominoid evolution.

PMID- 6422768
TI  - A comment on Feldesman's analysis of the distal humerus.
AB  - It is the combination of anatomy, behavior, and molecular biology that is
      necessary for the analysis. No one line of evidence is adequate.

PMID- 6422769
TI  - Kinetics of CO2 exchange in human erythrocytes analyzed by 13C-NMR.
AB  - The 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance signals of CO2 and bicarbonate have been
      studied in suspensions of mature human erythrocytes, in lysed suspensions, and in
      supernatant solutions. This technique requires no chemical perturbation of the
      samples analyzed. When care is taken to avoid technical artifacts, lysis produces
      only a slight broadening of the 13CO2 spectral line. The results are consistent
      with the concept that CO2 exchange is primarily determined by the kinetics of
      intracellular carbonic anhydrase and not by the permeability of the erythrocyte
      membrane.

PMID- 6422770
TI  - Role of polyamines in differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes.
AB  - The role of polyamines in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipose
      cells was studied. This conversion was blocked by the addition of alpha
      difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase, which prevented a rise in spermidine content in the
      differentiating cells. The inhibition of differentiation could be overcome
      completely by the provision of exogenous putrescine, spermidine, or spermine.
      Partial reversal could be produced by exposure to nonphysiological homologues of
      the natural polyamines such as 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, and sym
      norspermine. Reversal of the inhibition of differentiation by exogenous
      polyamines required a period of exposure to the amines, indicating that the lack
      of differentiation is not due simply to an obligatory role for polyamines in the
      biosynthesis of lipids. These results indicate that spermidine is required for
      the differentiation, but spermidine alone was not able to replace insulin and 1
      methyl-3-isobutylxanthine in stimulating conversion to adipocytes. Therefore
      spermidine appears to be necessary but not sufficient for differentiation to
      occur. Finally, the elevation of spermidine content that occurs during the
      conversion of fibroblasts to adipocytes did not correlate with an increased
      activity of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. This implies that the increase
      must be regulated by changes in the rate of degradation or excretion of the
      polyamines.

PMID- 6422771
TI  - In vitro evidence of a role for inhibin in female rabbits.
AB  - To examine a regulatory role for inhibin in female rabbits, an in vitro bioassay
      for inhibin activity was modified to use cultured rabbit pituitary cells and
      charcoal-extracted porcine follicular fluid (pFFx) as a reference preparation.
      pFFx inhibited follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release in a dose-dependent
      manner in cultures from both intact (I) and castrate (C) does at doses that also
      inhibited FSH release by cultured rat pituitary cells. Basal FSH release by I
      cells was inhibited greater than 10% by 0.02% (vol/vol) and greater than 90% by
      greater than or equal to 0.2% pFFx, whereas in C cells maximal inhibition of FSH
      release plateaued at only approximately 75%. FSH secretion was restored after
      removal of pFFx in day 2 media. Luteinizing hormone (LH) release by C cells was
      not inhibited at any dose of pFFx, but in I cells LH was progressively inhibited
      to approximately 60% of control levels during day 2 (but not day 1). Charcoal
      extracted media (0.25-1%) in which 5 X 10(5) rabbit granulosa cells had been
      earlier cultured for 72 h produced a parallel inhibition of FSH release. The
      present findings demonstrate that 1) rabbit pituitary cells are responsive to
      inhibin, i.e., pFFx preferentially inhibited FSH secretion in a direct, graded,
      and reversible manner and 2) rabbit follicular granulosa cells secrete an inhibin
      like substance.

PMID- 6422773
TI  - Effects of stimulation of nucleus ambiguus complex on gastroduodenal function.
AB  - We investigated the effects of stimulation of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) complex
      on gastroduodenal motility and gastric secretion in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized
      cats. Motility was measured by use of extraluminal force transducers sutured to
      the body, antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. Secretion was measured by determining
      changes in gastric pH, titratable acidity, and pepsinogen activity. Stimulation
      of the NA complex (right NA in 11 animals and left NA in 8 animals) elicited
      contractions of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum, as well as sinus bradycardia
      and hypotension using stimulus parameters of 133 microA, 50 Hz, and 0.2-ms pulse
      duration. Both the motility and cardiovascular responses evoked by electrical
      stimulation of the NA complex were prevented by ipsilateral vagotomy. The optimum
      stimulus frequency for eliciting increases in gastroduodenal motility was 50 Hz.
      Frequencies higher than 50 Hz resulted in attenuated motility responses. This was
      not true of the heart rate response, as sinus bradycardia was maximal at 10 Hz
      and was maintained to 100 Hz. Electrical stimulation of the NA complex (8
      animals) had no effect on pepsinogen secretion or titratable acidity, but
      produced a small (0.21 pH units) but significant increase in gastric pH. These
      results indicate that 1) stimulation of the NA complex results in pronounced
      increases in motility mediated by the ipsilateral vagus nerve, and 2) the
      pathways mediating these motility responses appear to involve more synapses than
      the pathways mediating the motor responses to the heart.

PMID- 6422772
TI  - Comparison of glucose, LCT, and LCT plus MCT as calorie sources for parenterally
      nourished rats.
AB  - Protein and fat metabolism were studied in fed and protein-depleted rats. The
      rats were given one of three isocaloric, isonitrogenous nutrient mixes
      parenterally. The nutritional regimens differed in the source of nonprotein
      calories: i) glucose, ii) an emulsion containing long-chain fatty acid
      triglyceride esters (LCT), and iii) an emulsion containing both LCTs and medium
      chain fatty acid triglycerides (MCT). Nitrogen balance, protein synthesis and
      breakdown, fat deposition in the liver, and the periuterine fat pads were
      measured using [15N]glycine as the tracer for the protein metabolism and
      deuterium for the lipid studies. Results are as follows. i) Nitrogen retention
      and protein synthesis were greater in the fed rats treated with glucose than with
      LCT. ii) Nitrogen fluxes were lower with LCT than with glucose. iii) Extensive
      lipogenesis in the liver was only found with the glucose-treated rats. iv) None
      of the caloric regimens promoted lipogenesis in the periuterine fat pads. v) With
      the two lipid-containing regimens there was a relative depletion of the depot fat
      in the periuterine fat pads relative to their glucose-treated counterparts. v)
      Although the MCT-containing emulsion did not cause hepatomegaly, its apparent
      caloric effectiveness was lower than that of either glucose or LCT. vi) Chain
      elongation is not a major pathway for MCT metabolism in parenterally nourished
      rats.

PMID- 6422774
TI  - Effects of lactose on calcium absorption and secretion by rat ileum.
AB  - The direct effects of lactose on net intestinal calcium absorption were
      determined by measuring unidirectional steady-state calcium fluxes in vitro under
      short-circuited conditions in segments of rat ileum. The isosmotic mucosal
      additions in segments of rat ileum. The isosmotic mucosal addition of lactose
      (160 mM) increased net calcium absorption (J net) by increasing the absorptive
      flux from mucosa to serosa (Jm----s) and reducing the secretory flux from serosa
      to mucosa (Js----m). Lactose also reduced tissue conductance and short-circuit
      current and reversed tissue polarity. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration (50
      ng/day for 4 days) increased J net from secretion to no net flux (Jm----s = Js---
      m), and lactose increased J net further to net absorption. Removal of sodium from
      the medium, like lactose addition, increased J net by increasing Jm----s and
      reducing Js----m. The replacement of medium sodium with choline abolished a
      further increase of J net by lactose. These results show that lactose increases
      net calcium absorption in the absence of transepithelial electrochemical or
      osmotic gradients. Transcellular calcium transport may be stimulated by lactose
      by hyperpolarization of the brush border as a result of reduced mucosal sodium.

PMID- 6422775
TI  - Critical role of extracellular calcium in vanadate-induced renal
      vasoconstriction.
AB  - Intra-arterial infusion of vanadate (VO4) in dogs produces a reduction in renal
      blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (V), and the
      fractional excretion of sodium (FENa+). To evaluate the role of Ca2+ in these
      changes VO4 was infused into the renal artery in the presence of the calcium
      antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP), verapamil, or EGTA. TFP inhibited the effect
      of VO4 on RBF (TFP + VO4:64.1, VO4:38.5 ml/min; P less than 0.05), GFR (TFP +
      VO4:22.9, VO4:9.3, ml/min; P less than 0.05) and V (TFP + VO4: 0.80, VO4: 0.38
      ml/min; P less than 0.05) without changing FENa+ (TFP + VO4: 3.8, VO4: 3.2%).
      Similar changes were obtained with verapamil as well as with EGTA. Furthermore
      thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) decreased serum calcium (control: 8.78, TPTX: 4.98
      mg/100 ml; P less than 0.05) and blunted the effects of VO4 on renal
      hemodynamics. Reestablishing normal serum Ca2+ by an intra-arterial infusion of
      CaCl2 elicited the VO4 effects of vasoconstriction and decreased GFR; V was not
      affected and FENa+ rose. The data support the idea that influx of extracellular
      calcium into smooth muscle cells mediates the hemodynamic effects of VO4 in the
      dog.

PMID- 6422776
TI  - Comparative responses of cerebellar and cerebral arterioles to changes in PaCO2
      in cats.
AB  - A modified cranial-window technique was devised that permits direct observation
      and study of the pial microcirculation of the cerebellum and comparisons of the
      responses of the microvessels in this location with those in the hemisphere. We
      used this technique in anesthetized cats to compare the responses of cerebellar
      and cerebral arterioles with alterations in arterial blood CO2 tension.
      Arterioles in these two locations responded with similar percentile changes in
      vessel caliber to both hypercapnia and hypocapnia.

PMID- 6422777
TI  - Calmodulin-induced feeding in the cat: attenuation by calcium chelator EGTA.
AB  - Cannulas for intracerebroventricular injection of calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+, and
      other substances were implanted stereotaxically in the cat. Postoperatively,
      measures of food intake were taken on each day during a 1.0-h interval until
      feeding had stabilized. Then the Ca2+-binding protein, CaM, was infused
      intracerebroventricularly into the fasted cat 15 min before the 1.0-h feeding
      session. CaM (0.15-0.60 nM) significantly enhanced the animal's normal feeding
      response, which was accompanied by a slight decline in body temperature. Infusion
      of 6.25-50.0 mM excess Ca2+ reduced body temperature in a concentration-dependent
      manner with food intake augmented by 6.25-25.0 mM Ca2+. Chelation of Ca2+ in the
      brain with 0.5-2.5 mM ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetra-acetic
      acid (EGTA) similarly infused intracerebroventricularly into the cat
      simultaneously suppressed feeding and elevated core temperature. Threshold doses
      of EGTA selectively attenuated CaM-induced eating but not feeding elicited by the
      catecholamine neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. Overall these results suggest
      that CaM, by complexing with cellular Ca2+, could serve as an intermediary factor
      in governing steady-state activity of neurons in the brain. In turn, this
      essential cation may mediate specific regulatory processes within the
      diencephalon that underlie the postulated "setpoint" mechanism for the control of
      feeding.

PMID- 6422778
TI  - The TRH test and thyroid hormone in refractory depression.

PMID- 6422779
TI  - A double-blind study of bupropion and placebo in depression.
AB  - Bupropion HCl, a new nontricyclic antidepressant, produced marked improvement in
      49 hospitalized patients with primary depression at doses of 300-600 mg/day.
      Bupropion resulted in statistically significant differences from placebo as early
      as day 5, and by the end of the 4-week study 79% (N = 27) of the bupropion
      patients and 13% (N = 2) of the placebo patients showed much to very much
      improvement. Bupropion and placebo had similar side effect profiles. Tremor and
      sweating were reported more often with bupropion and headache, nausea, and
      tiredness with placebo.

PMID- 6422780
TI  - Evaluation of tuberculosis control programs: some national trends.
AB  - Increasing numbers of tuberculosis control programs compile information about the
      number, location, bacteriologic status, and chemotherapy status of tuberculosis
      patients within their jurisdiction. Reports from these programs show that during
      the 1970s the prevalence of patients requiring supervision decreased three times
      faster than the incidence of tuberculosis; this decline occurred because low
      relapse rates among patients who had received adequate therapy allowed the
      recommended duration of follow-up after completion of therapy to diminish from
      lifetime to none. The prevalence of patients hospitalized for tuberculosis
      decreased four times faster than the incidence of tuberculosis because the
      duration of hospitalization decreased from many months to a few weeks and because
      a small proportion of patients were hospitalized. Future declines in these two
      program aspects are expected to be much smaller and should parallel the decline
      in morbidity more closely. Other measures of program performance have shown a
      less favorable trend and suggest an impeded flow of information to the health
      department from other persons or agencies involved in the care of tuberculosis.

PMID- 6422781
TI  - Septic complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Evaluation of
      a new closed drainage system.
AB  - In a consecutive study of 49 patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent
      preoperative percutaneous transhepatic drainage, the incidence of bacteria in
      bile at the time of insertion of the drainage catheter was 29 percent. Patients
      drained with a conventional open drainage system showed an increase to 100
      percent positive cultures after 20 days drainage. In this group, there was also a
      high incidence of episodes of bacteremia preoperatively and postoperatively and a
      high incidence of positive wound cultures. An antiseptic barrier incorporated
      into the drainage system reduced the incidence of positive bile cultures during
      the drainage period although this did not afford a significant reduction in
      bacteremic episodes and positive wound cultures. Using a new closed drainage
      system, the acquisition of environmental organisms to the bile was eliminated
      which allowed a significant reduction in septic complications both preoperatively
      and postoperatively. This new closed drainage system increased the value of
      preoperative decompression of the obstructed biliary tree by preventing exogenous
      bacterial contamination and reducing associated septic episodes.

PMID- 6422782
TI  - Prospective pricing system and diagnosis related groups.

PMID- 6422783
TI  - The University of Alabama Hospitals prepares for Medicare DRG reimbursement.

PMID- 6422784
TI  - The impact of DRGs on medical management.

PMID- 6422785
TI  - Implementing Medicare prospective pricing by diagnosis related groups.

PMID- 6422786
TI  - Ondine's curse: therapeutic trial of dimefline.
AB  - Ondine's curse is a rare disorder characterized by primary failure of central
      regulation of breathing, resulting in severe hypoventilation during sleep. This
      report describes a 14-year-old girl with both this disorder and hypergonadotropic
      hypogonadism. As a therapeutic trial, dimefline was administered orally, which
      was effective in deepening respiration for certain periods of sleep, during which
      time blood gas levels improved significantly.

PMID- 6422787
TI  - Primary cutaneous lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (immunocytoma).
AB  - A case of localized lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma of the skin was studied by light
      and electron microscopy, by immunological methods, and by enzyme cytochemistry.
      It illustrated usual and unusual features of a type of B-cell lymphoma in the
      skin and presented problems in differential diagnosis. Histologically, its
      cellularity varied from a monomorphous to a pleomorphic pattern that was highly
      suggestive of a nonspecific inflammatory reaction or a pseudolymphoma, but from
      the presence of a clone of IgG (lambda)-producing plasmacytoid cells, it was
      established that it consisted in fact of lymphoplasmacytoid and polymorphic
      subtypes of an immunocytomatous lymphoma.

PMID- 6422788
TI  - Ventilatory effects of pre- and postoperative diamorphine. A comparison of
      extradural with intramuscular administration.
AB  - Twenty-two patients were studied before and after major abdominal vascular
      surgery to determine the effect on ventilation of 5 mg diamorphine given either
      extradurally or intramuscularly. Diamorphine depressed ventilation maximally at
      30 minutes when given by either route. Before operation resting ventilation was
      reduced by 33% after extradural and 17% after intramuscular diamorphine; PaCO2
      increased by an average of 0.5 kPa (either route); ventilation at 7.3 kPa PaCO2
      was reduced 40% after extradural and 33% after intramuscular diamorphine. After
      operation the effect of diamorphine on ventilation was qualitatively similar but
      resting baseline ventilation was increased from 9.4 to 10.9 litres/minute. The
      highest individual PaCO2 values were found during the pre-operative study: 6.5
      kPa after extradural diamorphine, 6.4 kPa after intramuscular diamorphine. Pain
      relief was unsatisfactory after intramuscular diamorphine. Four out of six
      patients requested further analgesia by 3 hours after administration. No patient
      who received extradural diamorphine required further analgesia for at least 6
      hours.

PMID- 6422789
TI  - Anaesthetic considerations in the mucopolysaccharidoses.
AB  - The anaesthetic problems we have encountered in eight patients with the
      mucopolysaccharidoses are described and the pathophysiology of this group of
      clinically progressive inherited diseases is reviewed with emphasis on the
      aspects of importance to the anaesthetist.

PMID- 6422790
TI  - [Buprenorphine and pentazocine for postoperative analgesia. A double blind study
      following abdominal surgery].
AB  - A randomized double-blind study was done to test the two opiates buprenorphine
      (0.3 mg i.v.) and pentazocine (30 mg i.v.) with regard to their applicability for
      the postoperative phase. These substances were chosen because they are not
      subject to drug prescription regulations. 60 patients who had undergone
      epigastric and hypogastric interventions under thiopental-sodium-induced
      halothane anesthesia received i.v. injections of one of the two analgetics as
      soon as they requested a pain-killer postoperatively. The subjective pain
      intensity registered by means of a visual analogue scale shows a gradual decrease
      after buprenorphine with maximal effects 1-3 h post injectionem (7.3 leads to
      1.5). The duration of action is 8.2 +/- 0.7 h on the average (median 8 h; range 4
      22 h). The maximal analgetic effect of pentazocine is already attained after 10
      min (6.3 leads to 3.2). Thereafter the pain-intensity curve rises again.
      Pentazocine has a mean duration of action of 2.35 +/- 0.24 h (median 2 h; range
      0.5-5 h). The inadequate analgetic effect of pentazocine manifests itself in an
      only slight initial reduction of the respiratory rate (19.5 leads to 17.5 min-1),
      which, on the other hand, decreases significantly and continuously under
      buprenorphine (20.8 leads to 13.5 min-1). Both substances cause increases of
      PaCO2 (buprenorphine 37.3 leads to 46.8 mmHg; pentazocine 36.3 leads to 43.0
      mmHg), values greater than 50 mmHg being attained in individual cases.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422791
TI  - Changes in local venous tone in response to infusions of saline and dextrose
      solutions.

PMID- 6422792
TI  - Fasting and non-fasting serum amino acid values in three home parenteral
      nutrition patients: a comparison between Synthamin 17R and vamin N 7%R.
AB  - Serum amino acid concentrations were measured during the fasting and non-fasting
      stages of nutrition in three home parenteral nutrition patients who received
      their nitrogen requirement as Synthamin 17R for 12 months then Vamin N 7%R for 12
      months. When the patients received Synthamin 17R, the fasting serum amino acid
      values revealed consistently elevated levels of glycine, phenylalanine,
      methionine and alanine and low levels of leucine, iso-leucine, valine, lysine,
      histidine, cystine and serine. When the patients received Vamin N 7%R, the
      fasting serum amino acid levels showed consistently elevated levels of proline,
      phenylalanine, glutamate, alanine, cystine and valine and low levels of arginine.
      Many of the serum amino acid abnormalities observed reflected the differences in
      the amino acid profiles of Vamin N 7%R and Synthamin 17R when compared with a
      normal diet.

PMID- 6422793
TI  - Quantitative determination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method to separate the four major bases (cytosine, guanine, thymine and
      adenine) and the two minor modified bases (5-methylcytosine and 6N-methyladenine)
      in DNA has been developed. For optimal separation, several different buffer
      systems are available for isocratic elution. The 12 5-methylcytosine (5-mC)
      residues in the plasmid pBR322 can be determined with a deviation of less than 3%
      of the expected value and have been used for internal standardization. Formic
      acid hydrolysis of bases and probably of DNA does not lead to the deamination of
      cytosine or 5-mC and thus can be used routinely for DNA hydrolysis. Adenovirus or
      baculovirus DNA does not contain detectable amounts of 5-mC. The distribution of
      5-mC in hamster cell DNA appears to be nonrandom in that different 5'-CpG-3'
      containing restriction sites are methylated to different extents.

PMID- 6422794
TI  - Determination of copper concentration in blood plasma and in ocular and
      cerebrospinal fluids using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.
AB  - Published values for the concentration of Cu in cerebrospinal and intraocular
      fluids cover a very wide range (0.016 to 1.0 microgram/ml) and include values
      which are several times higher than those which would be consistent with normal
      physiology. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite
      furnace was used to measure the Cu concentration in these fluids and in blood
      plasma of toads, rabbits, and cats. Under standard conditions, these fluids
      yielded high background absorbance and only fractional recovery of added Cu.
      Parameters were therefore established which eliminated both the high background
      and the matrix interference and allowed the determination of Cu in 10-microliters
      aliquots of diluted blood plasma and undiluted cerebrospinal and ocular fluid
      samples. Under these conditions the Cu measured in the ocular (0.011 to 0.032
      microgram/ml) and cerebrospinal fluids (0.033 to 0.050 microgram/ml) of these
      three species was lower than most previously reported values and only a small
      fraction (1-3%) of the concentration of Cu in the plasma of the same animals
      (0.85 to 1.22 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 6422795
TI  - Studies of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward eugenol, using a gas
      chromatographic method of measurement.
AB  - A method for the assay of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase
      activities toward some phenolic compounds and monoterpenoid alcohols is
      described. The method is based on the disappearance of the free substrate after
      incubation with microsomes and UDP-glucuronate. This disappearance is recorded
      using a gas chromatographic process. This method has been used, for example, to
      characterize the glucuronidation process of eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol).
      The method could be extended to other substrates. Analytical conditions are given
      for some of them, especially monoterpenoid alcohols since the studies of their
      conjugations are a growing field of interest in evaluation of heterogeneity of
      UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. The method could also be used with other biological
      materials including cell suspension and crude liver biopsies.

PMID- 6422796
TI  - Immunolocalization of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in rat and mouse salivary and
      exorbital lacrimal glands.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme I and isozyme II have been localized with the
      immunoperoxidase bridge method in cells of mouse and rat salivary glands and
      exorbital lacrimal glands. Immunostaining proved optimal in Carnoy fixed
      specimens for some sites and in Bouin fixed glands for other sites. Staining in
      mouse largely resembled that in rat glands, but minor species differences were
      observed. Serous acinar cells in the submandibular gland stained uniformly and
      exclusively for CA I. From 50 to 100% of the serous acinar cells in the parotid
      glands evidenced content of both CA I and CA II. A minor population of serous
      acinar cells in the mouse exorbital lacrimal gland stained for CA I and CA II,
      but these glands in the rat failed to stain. Immunostaining was observed in ducts
      in Bouin fixed glands. Some cells in striated ducts of submandibular and
      sublingual glands stained for CA I and CA II and other cells in these ducts were
      negative. Such cellular heterogeneity was also observed in excretory ducts of
      submandibular and sublingual glands. These findings thus demonstrate the presence
      of CA in two morphologically and functionally diverse cell populations in rodent
      salivary glands. Immunolocalization of the CA isozymes in serous acinar cells and
      intercalated duct cells, presumably packaged in secretory granules, implies a
      role for this enzyme in salivary secretions whereas localization of CA in
      striated and excretory ducts suggests their traditional function in fluid and
      electrolyte transport.

PMID- 6422797
TI  - Morphological identification of functional capillaries in the myocardium.
AB  - This study used acrylic resin as an intravascular marker to demonstrate
      functional myocardial capillaries after fixation by perfusion. Eight rat hearts
      were excised and allowed to function as isolated organs perfused with oxygenated
      Krebs-Henseleit buffer (37 degrees C, 10 kPa) for 10 min. Four were fixed by
      perfusion (4 min) with 2.5% glutaraldehyde at the same temperature and pressure
      and then immersion fixed (24 hr). The other four hearts were perfused with 0.2%
      procaine HCl for 30 sec just prior to similar fixation. Polymerizing low
      viscosity acrylic resin was injected at 10 kPa pressure into the fixed vascular
      beds and allowed to cure, then transmural blocks of left ventricular myocardium
      were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Total initial coronary flow of
      fixative after procaine treatment was significantly increased, while in untreated
      hearts the initial fixative flow rate was closely similar to that of oxygenated
      buffer. The pattern of capillary perfusion was assessed, and the percentage of
      capillary profiles filled by acrylic resin were calculated. Following procaine
      treatment, 95.2% of capillaries appeared functional, whereas without procaine
      arrest, only 62.0% of capillaries allowed the passage of resin. This study
      indicates that perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde stabilizes myocardial
      structure so that the proportion of functional capillary pathways remains closely
      similar to that in the beating heart and so that such functional capillaries can
      be identified in morphological preparations by using a low viscosity intraluminal
      resin marker.

PMID- 6422798
TI  - Alfentanil as an anesthetic induction agent--a comparison with thiopental
      lidocaine.
AB  - Alfentanil (0.175 mg/kg) and a combination of thiopental (3-4 mg/kg) and
      lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) during anesthetic induction were compared. Each was
      administered rapidly to eight patients with cardiovascular disease (average age,
      64 yr), followed by succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg) for laryngoscopy and intubation.
      Chest wall rigidity or flexor spasm of arm and jaw were seen transiently in 7 of
      8 patients receiving alfentanil. Both drugs led to decreases in mean arterial
      pressure averaging 31 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). In patients given thiopental
      lidocaine, intubation led to a 28 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) increase over control
      in arterial pressure and a 10 beats . min-1 increase in heart rate (P less than
      0.01). In patients given alfentanil, after intubation arterial pressure returned
      to levels no different from control and the heart rate remained stable. Five of
      the patients given alfentanil required a single dose of naloxone (0.08-0.15 mg)
      to achieve a PCO2 less than 50 torr at the end of surgery. Rapidly administered
      alfentanil blunted the cardiovascular response to intubation but decreased
      arterial pressure as much as thiopental-lidocaine.

PMID- 6422799
TI  - Another case of grand mal seizure after fentanyl administration.

PMID- 6422800
TI  - Heat eradication measures for control of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease.
      Implementation, education, and cost analysis.

PMID- 6422801
TI  - Muscle weakness in an adult with infantile x-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. Part
      two.

PMID- 6422802
TI  - [Influence of epidural anesthesia on postoperative nitrogen sparing in major
      digestive surgery].
AB  - In order to determine the role of epidural anaesthesia on protein sparing,
      eighteen patients undergoing major visceral surgery were randomly divided into
      three different groups according to the mode of anaesthesia used (general
      anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia, continuous epidural anaesthesia for 24 h).
      These patients were intravenously fed for five days postoperatively; their
      nitrogen balance was studied. Compared with the "general anaesthesia" group, only
      the daily averages of nitrogen balance of the "continuous epidural" group were
      significantly better. IN order to correlate stress with nitrogen saving, the
      early evolution of several parameters (cortisol, glucose, prolactin) used as
      "stress markers" was studied : there was no evidence of any significant
      difference between the three groups.

PMID- 6422803
TI  - [Urinary excretion of nitrogen from 15N leucine during infusion of an amino acids
      solution rich in branched amino acids].
AB  - Branched chain amino acid enriched solutions have been proposed in several
      situations. The fate of the nitrogen contained in those amino acids, particularly
      the immediate urinary excretion, has not been established yet. In the present
      study, the rates of urea and total urinary nitrogen loss from 15N leucine were
      measured in a patient receiving a branched chain amino acid enriched solution.
      The results showed that: 1) the urinary excretion of leucine represented less
      than 1% of the amount of injected leucine; 2) 15N excreted from leucine was 5.37%
      of the 15N injected during the 24 h of the infusion and 7.66% during the
      following day; 3) the excretion of 15N urea represented 62% of the total 15N
      excreted during the first 24 h and 72% for the following day. Finally, in this
      patient, the amount of nitrogen from leucine immediately excreted in the urine
      was moderate.

PMID- 6422805
TI  - Blood-gas tensions and acid-base status in ponies during treadmill exercise.
AB  - Blood-gas tensions and acid-base status were examined in 8 healthy grade ponies
      at rest (heart rate = 55 +/- 3 beats/min) and during moderate (fast trot; heart
      rate = 155 +/- 3 beats/min) and severe (gallop; heart rate = 218 +/- 7 beats/min)
      exercise performed on a treadmill. Arterial oxygen tension and hemoglobin-oxygen
      saturation of exercising ponies did not change from the resting values. Arterial
      oxygen content increased markedly during exercise, as a consequence of increased
      hemoglobin concentration. The total oxygen content, as well as the saturation of
      hemoglobin with oxygen in the mixed venous blood, decreased at each intensity of
      exercise. Arterial carbon dioxide tension decreased with moderate (16%) and
      severe (29%) exercise, indicating hyperventilation. In galloping ponies, during
      steady-state severe exercise marked metabolic acidosis developed, as indicated by
      a sharp increase in the arterial concentration of lactic acid (11.6 +/- 1.3 mM/L
      during severe exercise vs 0.6 +/- 0.3 mM/L at rest). This increase in lactate was
      accompanied by a decrease in arterial pH and bicarbonate concentration.

PMID- 6422804
TI  - Acquisition and aggregation of canine blood platelets: basic mechanisms of
      function and differences because of breed origin.
AB  - A method for obtaining reliable blood platelet yields in canine platelet-rich
      plasma, using increased sodium citrate concentration, is presented. Maintaining a
      quiet environment or anesthetizing the animals with thiamylal sodium aids in
      collection of platelets. Aggregation of platelets from 60 dogs of various breeds
      in response to arachidonic acid, collagen, adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine,
      and serotonin was monitored. Canine platelets reversibly or irreversibly
      aggregated to arachidonic acid. The percentage of arachidonate-irreversible
      platelets varied from 0% to 100% depending upon the breed of dogs examined.
      Arachidonate-irreversible platelets also aggregated irreversibly at lower
      concentrations of collagen and exhibited biphasic irreversible aggregation to
      adenosine diphosphate and serotonin. Serotonin-induced irreversible aggregation
      was dependent upon receptor activation and upon arachidonic acid metabolism.
      Irreversible aggregation to serotonin was associated with release of 3H-serotonin
      and thromboxane B2 formation, indicating that a couple between the serotonergic
      receptor and arachidonic acid metabolism may exist.

PMID- 6422806
TI  - Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Brucella
      antigens in vaginal discharge of cows.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting Brucella
      abortus. Carbodiimide cyanamide was used as an antigen-coupling agent and NH4Cl
      was used to neutralize residual active charges present on the cuvette surface.
      Suitable ELISA reactions were observed in vaginal swabs placed in phosphate
      buffered saline solution. The ELISA described may be useful under controlled
      laboratory conditions for detecting B abortus-infected cows shedding bacteria in
      vaginal secretions.

PMID- 6422808
TI  - Staff nurses, nurse managers can make DRGs work.

PMID- 6422807
TI  - Hematologic and coagulation abnormalities in acute bovine sarcocystosis.
AB  - Calves inoculated with Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts developed severe anemia 4
      weeks later. The anemic crisis was paralleled by a hyperbilirubinemia, with up to
      88% of the increased total bilirubin attributed to indirect reacting bilirubin.
      The anemia was characterized as normocytic and normochromic. In a few instances,
      according to Coombs's tests (antiglobulin test) and erythrocyte eluates from
      infected calves, immunoglobulin G was associated with the RBC membrane. In the
      histopathologic examinations of tissues from calves dying during the anemic
      crisis, there was deposition of iron in the splenic red pulp. The hematologic
      studies supported the claim that the anemia in acute bovine sarcocystosis is an
      extravascular hemolytic event, probably with an immunologic basis. In the
      coagulation studies, consumption coagulopathy consistent with disseminated
      intravascular coagulation was seen to occur during acute sarcocystosis. At 4
      weeks after inoculations were done, there were prolongations of activated partial
      thromboplastin and 1-stage prothrombin times and decreased functional fibrinogen
      concentration, and thrombocytopenia, although increase of fibrinogen-fibrin
      degradation products were not demonstrable. These findings indicate that
      endothelial parasitism by schizonts of S cruzi may cause endothelial damage,
      resulting in coagulation abnormalities that include disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.

PMID- 6422809
TI  - Reproducibility of CO2 response curves with ten minutes separating each
      rebreathing test.
AB  - It is unclear whether duration of the interval separating CO2 rebreathing tests
      has any effect on the CO2 response curve. In normal subjects, we compared slopes
      and intercepts, respectively, of CO2 response curves from 3 rebreathing tests
      separated by each of three different time intervals: 10, 20, and 30 min. The
      slopes and intercepts, respectively were no different from the first through
      third test with each interval and no different between tests from different
      intervals. Therefore, reproducibility of slope and intercept was not affected by
      the time interval separating each test. During each rebreathing test, heart rate
      and systolic blood pressure increased but diastolic blood pressure decreased.
      These effects resolved within 10 min after the test. We conclude that, in normal
      subjects, 3 CO2 rebreathing tests can be repeated rapidly with only 10 min of
      rest separating each test.

PMID- 6422810
TI  - Familial aspects of ventilatory control in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - To determine whether abnormal chemical drives to breathe in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) antedate the development of chronic CO2
      retention, we measured ventilatory and P0.1 responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia
      in 14 such patients and 23 of their normal adult offspring. Hypoxic responses in
      the patients were positively correlated with the mean hypoxic responses of their
      offspring. Neither the hypercapnic responses nor the resting breathing patterns
      of the patients were related to those of their offspring. Hypoxic response was
      lower in offspring of hypercapnic patients than in offspring of normocapnic
      patients. Blunt hypoxic responses in patients with COPD are influenced by
      familial factors and may represent a premorbid "risk factor" in the development
      of CO2 retention in this disease. This does not appear to be true for hypercapnic
      response or breathing pattern.

PMID- 6422811
TI  - Impaired detection of added inspiratory resistance in patients with obstructive
      sleep apnea.
AB  - The ability to detect added inspiratory flow-resistive loads during wakefulness
      was examined in 5 men with laboratory-documented obstructive sleep apnea. The
      patients were eucapnic, and standard measurements of lung volumes and flow rates
      were within the normal range. The patients breathed through a circuit, to which
      each of 5 flow resistances of 0.12 to 5.5 cm H2O/L/s was added at 20- to 30-s
      intervals for 1 inspiration, following a cue. Each resistance was presented 10
      times in random sequence, and the percentage of trials in which each load was
      detected by the patient was calculated. The threshold level of load detection,
      defined as the change in resistance that could be detected 50% of the time, was
      higher in the patients (2.37 +/- 0.41 cmH2O/L/s, mean +/- SE) than in 9 healthy
      subjects (0.65 +/- 0.08; p less than 0.001), and this difference persisted when
      the threshold load was corrected for background resistance (1.05 +/- 0.11 versus
      0.45 +/- 0.07; p less than 0.001). In addition, the ventilatory response to
      hypercapnia was less in the patients (1.82 +/- 0.22 L/min/mm Hg) than in the
      normal subjects (3.87 +/- 0.40; p less than 0.005), and there was a significant
      negative correlation (r = 0.97; p less than 0.001) between the load detection
      threshold and the ventilatory response to CO2. The results add to the developing
      concept that subtle defects in respiratory control can be demonstrated even
      during wakefulness in eucapnic patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 6422812
TI  - Influence of the endotracheal tube on CO2 transport during high-frequency
      ventilation.
AB  - Low-volume, high-frequency ventilation (HFV) delivered via an endotracheal tube
      can maintain eucapnia in both humans and animals. Because recent animal studies
      have suggested that a substantial fraction of the resistance to gas transport
      during HFV can be attributed to the presence of the endotracheal tube, we
      evaluated the importance of the endotracheal tube on carbon dioxide elimination
      (VCO2) during HFV in humans. We compared the effectiveness of delivering the
      fresh gas bias flow at the proximal and the distal end of an endotracheal tube.
      For each bias flow position, we ventilated patients using tidal volumes of 60 ml
      or less and frequencies from 0.5 to 12 Hz. In each case, VCO2 was approximately
      50% greater when the fresh gas was introduced at the carinal end of the
      endotracheal tube. Thus, the endotracheal tube contributed about one third of the
      resistance to HFV-induced CO2 transport in these patients. These results indicate
      that the position of the fresh gas source strongly influences the effectiveness
      of HFV.

PMID- 6422813
TI  - Alterations in the antibacterial properties of rabbit pulmonary macrophages
      exposed to wood smoke.
AB  - We studied the local response of the bronchoalveolar cell population after acute
      exposure to smoke from pyrolysis of Douglas fir wood. Cell viability experiments
      and function of the pulmonary macrophages were assessed, including adherence to
      surfaces, bacterial phagocytosis, and the intracellular bactericidal process. The
      smoke-exposed group (n=23) when compared with control animals (n=15) produced a
      significantly greater total cell yield (p less than 0.01) on bronchoalveolar
      lavage. There was no increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
      As carboxyhemoglobin levels increased, macrophage adherence to glass decreased (r
      = -0.79, p = 0.0001). Pulmonary macrophages from exposed animals were 33% less
      adherent at 120 min in vitro; however, these nonadherent smoke-exposed
      macrophages remained viable (55 to 78% viable by trypan blue dye exclusion). Both
      the phagocytic rate (361 14C cpm/unit time) and the maximal number of bacteria
      associated (at 60 min) with the exposed macrophages were significantly less than
      in the sham-exposed animals (uptake = 672 14C cpm/time, p less than 0.002 for
      each). The antibacterial properties of pulmonary macrophages are adversely
      affected by exposure to wood pyrolysis.

PMID- 6422814
TI  - Effects of aminophylline on diaphragmatic fatigue during acute respiratory
      failure.
AB  - The effects of aminophylline on diaphragmatic fatigue and recovery in the face of
      hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis were studied in anesthetized, spontaneously
      breathing, dogs. The phrenic nerves were stimulated supramaximally at 10, 20, 50,
      and 100 Hz during 2 s with electrodes placed around the fifth roots, and the
      resulting transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured with balloon catheters.
      The dogs were occluded before the stimulations at functional residual capacity.
      The latter was monitored by measuring the end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure,
      which remained constant throughout the experiment. Diaphragmatic fatigue was
      produced by resistive loaded breathing. At the end of the runs, which lasted 15
      +/- 2 min, all the dogs were severely hypoxemic (30 +/- 5 mmHg), hypercapnic (65
      +/- 4 mmHg), and acidotic (7.1 +/- 0.05). During the fatigue runs, phrenic
      stimulation resulted in a marked decrease in Pdi, which amounted at 20 Hz to 70
      +/- 8% and 45 +/- 12% of the control values 5 min after the onset of the fatigue
      runs and at the end, respectively. After recovery (3 h), Pdi and arterial blood
      gas determinations returned to control values. Identical fatigue runs were
      repeated with aminophylline infusion (loading dose, 6 mg/kg in 10 min and
      maintenance dose, 1 mg/kg/h), leading to a plasmatic concentration of 16.4 +/- 2
      mg/l. Aminophylline protected the diaphragm against fatigue, and despite the
      presence of hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis, the Pdi generated for a 20 Hz
      stimulation of the phrenic nerves at identical times of the preceding run
      amounting to 100 +/- 15% and 85 +/- 10% of control values, respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422815
TI  - Sternomastoid muscle function and fatigue in normal subjects and in patients with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Four normal subjects and 5 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
      (COPD) (mean FEV1, 1.03 L) had frequency:force curves of their sternomastoid
      muscle measured before and 5 min after a 12-min walk on a flat treadmill, a
      progressive exercise test (normal subjects only), and a 10-min period of
      sustained maximal voluntary ventilation (SMVV). Before each test, all subjects
      had a normal frequency:force curve, and the ratio of the force response at 20 Hz
      to that at 50 Hz was normal. After SMVV, all the normal subjects and 4 of the 5
      patients developed a greater than 15% fall in 20:50 ratio, and this was taken to
      indicate the presence of low frequency fatigue (LFF). During SMVV, all the
      subjects achieved minute ventilation greater than 70% of predicted maximal
      breathing capacity (MBC). During the 12-min walk, all the patients exceeded 70%
      MBC, and 4 developed LFF. The normal subjects performing progressive exercise
      also exceeded 70% MBC, and all showed LFF. The 12-min walk did not cause LFF in
      the normal subjects, but no subject reached 70% of MBC. Despite the presence of
      LFF in the sternomastoid muscle, the patients were all able to walk the same
      distance during a second 12-min walk. In both the normal and patient groups, the
      ventilatory response to CO2 was not changed by the presence of LFF. There were no
      changes in maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures or spirometry with
      LFF. High, sustained levels of minute ventilation cause sternomastoid LFF, but
      the clinical significance of this phenomenon is not yet certain.

PMID- 6422816
TI  - Air travel hypoxemia with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Because persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild hypoxemia may
      develop severe hypoxemia during commercial airline flights, we measured arterial
      blood gas pressures in 13 such patients during a flight in an unpressurized
      airplane (cabin pressures typical of commercial air travel). At 1650 m, mean
      arterial Po2 decreased from 68.2 +/- 8.5 (SD) mm Hg to 51 +/- 9.1 mm Hg, and mean
      arterial Pco2, from 40.9 +/- 0.9 to 37.1 +/- 6.4 mm Hg. At 2250 m, mean arterial
      Po2 and Pco2 were 44.7 +/- 8.7 and 36.5 +/- 5.8 mm Hg, respectively. No symptoms
      attributable to hypoxemia occurred. Arterial Po2 measured in patients while
      breathing room air several weeks before the flight did not correlate with that
      measured at 1650 m, but arterial Po2 measured less than 2 hours before the flight
      in room air or a 17.2% oxygen mixture did. Whether a patient will need
      supplemental oxygen to maintain arterial Po2 above a given value can be predicted
      from arterial blood samples taken while the patient is breathing a hypoxic gas
      mixture or room air within 2 hours of the flight.

PMID- 6422817
TI  - Hyperoxaluria and renal insufficiency due to ascorbic acid administration during
      total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6422818
TI  - Medicare hospital payment by diagnosis-related groups.
AB  - On 1 October 1983, the Medicare system began a phased transition to a new payment
      method for hospitals based on uniform payments by diagnosis-related group (DRG).
      This article reviews the rationale for DRG-based reimbursement, describes the new
      Medicare system, and discusses its implications for hospitals, physicians, and
      hospital-physician relations. Although it is too early to evaluate its impact,
      this payment system will probably encourage more operational interaction between
      hospital administrators and organized medical staffs, and accelerate trends
      towards salaried service chiefs in community hospitals and greater external
      scrutiny of physicians' activities.

PMID- 6422819
TI  - Choice of platelet anticoagulants.

PMID- 6422820
TI  - [Epiphrenic megadiverticula: clinical and therapeutic considerations. Case
      contributions].

PMID- 6422821
TI  - [Respiratory manifestations and intolerance to aspirin and non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agents].
AB  - This pathology is not due to the drug but revealed or aggravated by it. The most
      commonly implicated drugs are the anti-inflammatory group, especially aspirin.
      However, the list of drugs liable to induce intolerance continues to grow. The
      clinical manifestations are mainly observed in middle age and may regress. Drug
      intolerance can be demonstrated by provocative tests; it can be limited by
      methods of drug tolerance. The most commonly pathogenic mechanisms are: 
      inflammatory mechanisms (role of kinin), -disturbance of the metabolism of
      arachidonic acid, prostaglandin blockage, stimulation of leukotrienes. This
      expanding pathogenic entity is independent though similar in many aspects to the
      immediate forms of allergy, so explaining its importance in the general field of
      pseudo-allergy.

PMID- 6422822
TI  - Overproduction of proteins in recombinant organisms.
AB  - In a qualitative way, the materials and methods available to the recombinant DNA
      genetic engineer for overproducing proteins have been explained. The status of
      technology development for overproduction using E. coli, B. subtilis, and yeast
      as host microorganisms has been briefly assessed. Potential and actual genetic
      engineering solutions to the plasmid-shedding problem have been outlined. Since
      plasmid shedding presents a serious problem to the fermentation engineer
      responsible for scale-up to commercial production levels and since the ways
      around this problem appear mostly to have their solutions in the realm of genetic
      engineering coupled with appropriate fermentation protocol, the genetic engineer
      should work closely with the fermentation engineer to make scale-up realizable.
      Neither the genetic engineer nor the fermentation engineer can afford to be
      ignorant of the tools available to each profession if fermentation scale-up of
      genetically engineered microorganisms is to be accomplished economically.

PMID- 6422823
TI  - The holding time in pure and mixed culture fermentations.
AB  - Continuous mixed culture fermentations have been studied in the continuous
      stirred tank reactor. The residence or holding time, theta, is important in
      determining which of two mixed organisms shall dominate in numbers. Continuous
      ethanol and acetic-acid fermentations are known to the brewing industry. The
      continuous production of ethanol and acetic acid are contingent upon the cells of
      Saccharomyces and Acetobacter being alive and growing. These are known as growth
      associated products. On the other hand, alpha-amylase and glucamylase, or fungal
      amylase, are known as nongrowth-associated products or secondary metabolites. The
      organisms that produce the secondary metabolites, for example, penicillin,
      cephalosporin, streptomycin, and aureomycin, undergo differentiation and growth.
      These are the higher microbial forms and are produced by batchwise fermentation
      of molds and actinomycetes. It is submitted that these higher microbial forms can
      be grown continuously and produce secondary metabolites in amounts so as to make
      the processes economically viable. It is possible to grow the organisms
      continuously in plug flow reactors so that the secondary metabolites that have
      hitherto not been considered for continuous production be so considered.

PMID- 6422824
TI  - Recent developments in separation and purification of biomolecules.

PMID- 6422825
TI  - Molecular forms of glutathione S-transferase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase as
      hepatic preneoplastic marker enzymes.
AB  - Changes in molecular forms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP
      glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT) as hepatic detoxicating enzymes were investigated
      during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. The activity and the protein
      amount (formula; see text) itself of the GST-A form, which has fetal
      characteristics and is separable from other forms by CM-Sephadex column
      chromatography and by immunologic techniques, was much increased in gamma
      glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP)-positive foci or hyperplastic nodules (HNs)
      induced by diethylnitrosamine and 2-fluorenylacetamide or 3'-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene. The activity of enzyme 1 (late fetal form) of UDP-GT
      assayed with o-aminophenol (o-GT) also increased with increased number of the
      foci or HNs, while the activity of enzyme 2 (neonatal form) assayed with
      phenolphthalein (p-GT) changed but little. The foci and HNs were stained more
      strongly than the nonnodular areas immunohistochemically using the antibody
      against purified GST-A or o-GT. The two activities were also increased in well
      differentiated hepatomas, but they were decreased in moderately and poorly
      differentiated hepatomas, and activating enzymes such as cytochrome P-450 were
      markedly decreased from HN. GST-A and o-GT differ from fetal enzymes such as
      those of carbohydrate metabolism in that they are inducible in the short-term by
      drugs, including carcinogens, and they show the highest activities in HNs, and so
      they may be considered as hepatic preneoplastic (PN) antigens.

PMID- 6422826
TI  - NCA: a differentiation antigen of myelopoietic cells in humans and hominoid
      monkeys.
AB  - NCA, a normal colonic and granulocytic antigen, could be demonstrated in serum
      and in myelopoietic, but not lymphopoietic or erythropoietic, cells of Homo
      sapiens and other Primates. The levels of NCA in both serum and myelopoietic
      cells of Homo and hominoids were higher than those of more distant relatives of
      the same order. Thus, the classic phylogenetic differences are reflected also by
      the distribution of NCA. Hyperimmunization of Macaca irus, in which the NCA
      content of serum and cells is low, led to occurrence of anti-NCA IgG in all
      animals. The phylogenetic differences may accordingly have to do with slight
      antigenic NCA differences between Homo and other Primates rather than differences
      in amount only. Purified NCA did not affect growth and maturation of myelopoietic
      stem cells in vitro, whereas anti-NCA inhibited development of the majority of
      myelopoietic clusters and colonies.

PMID- 6422827
TI  - Purification and characterization of a pancreatic cancer-associated antigen
      (PCAA) from normal colonic mucosa.
AB  - The same antigenic substance as pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (PCAA),
      sharing an identical immunogenicity with Gelder's POA, was isolated and purified
      from normal colonic mucosa. Purified colonic PCAA (PCAAc) is a glycoprotein with
      a molecular weight of approximately 600,000; it consists of 30% carbohydrates and
      70% peptides, and appears to be an N-glycosidic glycoprotein. Antiserum raised
      against purified PCAAc showed one fused line with our original anti-PCAA
      antiserum to ascites fluid from patients with pancreatic cancer and extract from
      normal colonic mucosa. Circulating PCAAc levels assayed by rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis showed significant elevation in sera of patients with
      carcinoma of the pancreas. It is concluded that PCAA might be a new tumor
      associated antigen which is produced ectopically during oncogenesis.

PMID- 6422828
TI  - Effect of sodium cromoglycate on tear film break-up time.
AB  - Forty-one patients with an abnormal tear film break-up time entered this study.
      The effect, on the break-up time, of eyedrops containing 2% sodium cromoglycate
      was compared with placebo eyedrops. The tear film break-up time was prolonged by
      both treatments but the increase after sodium cromoglycate was much greater and
      was statistically significant. The effect of sodium cromoglycate was greater in
      females than males. These results can be explained by the behavior of sodium
      cromoglycate molecules in aqueous solution and by the increased viscosity of
      sodium cromoglycate solutions in the preserver of magnesium ions.

PMID- 6422829
TI  - Microendoscopic surgery of the hypopharyngeal diverticulum using
      electrocoagulation or carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - In 1964 we started to treat hypopharyngeal (Zenker's) diverticular
      endoscopically, using the procedure described by Dohlman. With the increase in
      the number of patients (274 patients up until 1982), the technique and the
      instruments used have improved. This paper describes the technique we have used
      since 1981, which involves exposure of the tissue bridge between esophagus and
      diverticulum with the aid of a specially designed scope and subsequent severance
      of this bridge under microscopic control. In 12 cases the bridge was severed by
      electrocoagulation, while the CO2 laser was used for this purpose in another 12
      cases. Both techniques have given good results. Essential advantages or
      disadvantages of either of these methods could not be elicited. We regard the use
      of an operating microscope as a great improvement.

PMID- 6422830
TI  - Mucopolysaccharidosis I-H (Hurler's syndrome) and human temporal bone
      histopathology.
AB  - Six temporal bones from three patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I-H are
      described. All three patients were diagnosed as having mucopolysaccharidosis I-H
      by enzyme analysis, and all fit the phenotypic criteria of this disease. Family
      histories of the three cases described were negative for mucopolysaccharide
      storage diseases. All three of the patients suffered chronic recurrent otitis
      media from infancy through death. Common histopathologic findings include otitis
      media, residual mesenchyme in the round window niche, partial occlusion of the
      middle ear cavity, and basophilic concretions within the stria vascularis. The
      common severe histopathologic changes observed in this study and similar findings
      in the temporal bones described in other studies lead the authors to believe that
      ear involvement in this disease may be more common than was previously suspected.

PMID- 6422831
TI  - Laser modalities in neurosurgery.

PMID- 6422832
TI  - Alteration in thyroid hormone concentration during and after coronary bypass
      operation.
AB  - The effect of a surgical stress on serum TSH, T4, free T4, T3, rT3 and TBG was
      measured before, during and after a coronary bypass operation. Precautions were
      taken to age, sex, pre-operative nutritional state, anamnestic illness, pre- and
      post-operative medication. Compared to the pre-operative period TSH increased
      during operation and normalized at the first post-operative day, while only minor
      alterations for total and free serum T4 were observed. T3 and rT3 declined at the
      start of extracorporal circulation, T3 remained reduced during the post-operative
      period, while rT3 reached its pre-operative value at the first post-operative
      day. It is concluded that the coronary bypass operation evokes a rapid decline in
      T3, which is not normalized by the TSH induced response of the thyroid gland,
      while the post-operative period is characterized by a "low T3 state". The
      clinical relevance of this finding is discussed with respect to the
      cardiovascular and the nutritional state of the patients in the post-operative
      period.

PMID- 6422833
TI  - Glycosyltransferase activities in the rat intestinal mucosa: comparison between
      standard commercial and semi-synthetic diets.
AB  - Two groups of rats were fed either a commercial (C group) or a semi-synthetic (S
      group) diet of very similar quantitative composition, which induce similar growth
      in the animals. Glycosyltransferase activities are very different in the two
      groups: fucosyltransferase is lower in S group than in C group, regardless of the
      expression of the results (specific activity versus protein or DNA). The other
      activities (galactosyl-, N-acetylglucosaminyl-, N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferases) are modified when expressed versus DNA content;
      N-acetylneuraminyltransferase specific activity is not altered. Since the weight
      of mucosa is significantly lower in the S group than in the C group, all the
      total activities are decreased in the S group. The fucosylation process is
      further characterized by partial purification of the enzyme and study of the
      synthesis of GDP-fucose. In each case, interfering reactions (glycosyl-nucleotide
      pyrophosphatases and proteinases) are controlled. The results give evidence that
      glycosyltransferases are very sensitive to the qualitative composition of the
      diet.

PMID- 6422834
TI  - Spatial vision.

PMID- 6422835
TI  - An analysis of changing trends in philosophies of science on nursing theory
      development and testing.
AB  - The effects of changing trends in philosophies of science on nursing theory
      development and testing are analyzed. Two philosophies of science--logical
      empiricism and historicism--are compared for four variables: (1) components of
      science, (2) conception of science, (3) assessment of scientific progress, and
      (4) goal of philosophy of science. These factors serve as the basis for assessing
      trends in the development and testing of nursing theory from 1964 to the present.
      The analysis shows a beginning philosophic shift within nursing theory from
      logical empiricism to historicism and addresses implications and recommendations
      for future nursing theory development and testing.

PMID- 6422836
TI  - Philosophical issues in the Rogerian science of unitary human beings.
AB  - In the Rogerian science of unitary human beings, the requirements for meaning and
      evidence are problematic. Four-dimensionality, a major building block, is
      postulated to be nonspatiotemporal, nonlinear, and not predictable through
      knowledge of the parts. A problem arises primarily because the Rogerian system
      also presents "verification of concepts" as the means of testing "fit" with the
      real world. Evidence usually understood in the criterion of verifiability in the
      logical empiricist tradition is specifiable through physicalistic terms under
      particular three-dimensional conditions. What are the consequences if integral
      (phenomenologic) evidence is taken as the criterion of meaning in the Rogerian
      conceptual system?

PMID- 6422837
TI  - Dialectic thinking as a means of understanding systems-in-development: relevance
      to Rogers's principles.
AB  - This paper explores the dialectical noncausal category of determination as a
      method of explaining human development and examines its relationship to Rogers's
      principles of homeodynamics. The relationships among determinism, causality, and
      lawfulness are discussed, and the categories of determination are reviewed.

PMID- 6422838
TI  - Psychological differentiation and the phenomenon of pain.
AB  - This article deals with a theory of psychological differentiation, research
      supporting this theory and identified indicators of differentiation, and studies
      that connect several of these indicators with the phenomenon of pain. Problems
      for investigation are posed concerning the relationships between differentiation
      indicators and pain threshold, pain tolerance, relief measures, attention to
      pain, control, and counterirritation An understanding of the kinds of variables
      affecting the pain experience can lead to a clearer perception and more astute
      evaluation of that experience and a more organized approach to the implementation
      of nursing care.

PMID- 6422839
TI  - A semantic differential for external comparison of conceptual nursing models.
AB  - A semantic differential using conceptual nursing models as concepts to be rated
      and scales chosen from the theory literature was used by 78 master's degree
      students to evaluate the King, Orem, Rogers, Roy, and Wiedenbach models. The tool
      appeared capable of detecting reliable, plausible differences among models as
      shown by inspection of models' mean ratings on individual scales and by factor
      analysis. Six factors (sophistication-dynamism, clarity-usefulness, focus,
      utility, scope, and scientific rigor) accounted for from 49% to 56% of the total
      variance of the models. All scales loaded on some factor for at least one model.
      Tool development is continuing.

PMID- 6422840
TI  - Interpersonal competence and communication in the delivery of nursing care.
AB  - Despite the importance generally attributed to communication in nursing, little
      systematic attention has been directed toward exploring the interface between
      communication and the delivery of nursing care. The primary factors that have
      tended to impede research have been the inability of emerging models of nursing
      to conceptualize communication from an adequate perspective and level and the
      lack of theoretic exemplars for guiding specific lines of investigation. This
      article suggests that one potential exemplar for guiding nursing communication
      research lies in the area of interpersonal competence. It is suggested that
      research can be profitably aimed at understanding how the social cognitive and
      communicative abilities of nurses interrelate with the sociocultural context in
      health care to influence interpersonal competence.

PMID- 6422841
TI  - [Drug resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci of animal origin depending
      on the source of the isolation and species classification of the strains].
AB  - Drug resistance of 271 strains of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated
      mainly from the upper respiratory tract and skin of healthy animals (cows, sheep,
      swine, hen, monkey, mink, sable and fox) was studied. Benzylpenicillin,
      streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, oleandomycin,
      neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin and novobiocin and heavy metal salts, such as
      mercurous chloride and cadmium sulfate were used in the study. Unlike coagulase
      positive staphylococci isolated from the same sources, the coagulase negative
      strains were more frequently resistant to novobiocin (a specific feature of a
      number of the strains) and tetracycline and much less frequently resistant to
      benzylpenicillin and streptomycin. The differences in the drug resistance of the
      coagulase negative staphylococci were more often associated with the species
      taxonomic position than with the source of their isolation. The highest number of
      the strains resistant to all the antibiotics tested except novobiocin belonged to
      Staph. epidermidis and the lowest number of the strains resistant to all the
      antibiotics tested except novobiocin belonged to Staph. xylosus, Staph. sciuri,
      Staph. simulans and Staph. hyicus.

PMID- 6422842
TI  - [Use of genetic and molecular characteristics of R plasmids as an epidemiological
      marker in an outbreak of hospital infection].
AB  - Antibiotic sensitivity of 38 strains of enteric bacteria, such as Serratia
      marcescens Klebsiella pneumoniae and others and Ps. aeruginosa isolated during an
      outbreak of meningitis in a premature infant resuscitation department was
      studied. It was shown that all the isolates were multiple resistant, most
      frequently to 7 antibiotics. All the resistance markers were transferred on
      conjugation, segregation of some markers being observed. Investigation of the
      plasmid composition of the clinical strains and transconjugants of E. coli
      revaled the presence of 2 plasmids with the molecular weights of 40 and 60 Md or
      one of them. The restriction analysis demonstrated that the plasmids with the
      same molecular weights isolated from different strains were identical. It was
      suggested that such plasmids originated from the same source and were distributed
      by conjugation. The possible part of R plasmids in epidemiological analysis of
      hospital infections is discussed: the possible part as an additional marker in
      determination of the infection source and the possible part through its ability
      to change the host cell phenotype, including the phage and bacteriocin types.

PMID- 6422843
TI  - [Mass exchange conditions in penicillin biosynthesis in an industrial fermenter
      with aerodynamic foam suppressor].
AB  - The mass exchange characteristics of 50 m3 industrial fermentors with aerodynamic
      foam suppression and the effect of the specific power input on biosynthesis of
      penicillin were studied. A change in the specific power input from 1.3 to 1.9
      kW/m3 had no effect on the level of the antibiotic accumulation when the medium
      with 8 per cent of lactose was used. An increase in the aeration rate from 1 to
      1.2 m3/m3 X min provided a 1.1-fold increase in the penicillin activity of the
      fermentation broth. The use of the device for aerodynamic foam suppression with a
      system of automatic control of the partial pressure of dissolved carbon dioxide
      allowed decreasing 1.22-fold the oil use and increasing the process productivity
      by 10 per cent.

PMID- 6422844
TI  - Cefsulodin sodium therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
AB  - Cefsulodin sodium is a narrow-spectrum cephalosporin with marked in vitro
      activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have studied the
      antibiotic in a clinical trial in 10 patients admitted to the Pediatric Ward of
      the University of Virginia Medical Center with cystic fibrosis and recurrent
      acute lower respiratory tract infections with P. aeruginosa isolated from their
      sputa. The patients received 500 to 1,500 mg of cefsulodin every 6 hours by
      intravenous infusion for 10 to 22 days. Mean peak drug levels in plasma after
      500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg were 46, 71, and 90 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the
      mean minimal inhibitory concentration of all organisms was 7.5 micrograms/ml.
      Detectable levels of cefsulodin in sputa were found in approximately half of the
      random samples and ranged from 2 to 5 micrograms/ml. The clinical response was
      satisfactory in nine (90%) of the patients. One patient gained weight and had
      improved pulmonary function tests but showed no reduction in sputum production
      and no improvement in arterial blood gas values. In pulmonary function tests,
      four of five patients tested showed an average 43% increase in forced vital
      capacity after initiation of therapy and five of five had an average 51% increase
      in forced expired volume in 1 s. No adverse effects were observed.

PMID- 6422845
TI  - The role of stereotactic amygdalotomy in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy
      associated with behavioral disorders.
AB  - The efficacy of bilateral stereotactic amygdalotomy for the treatment of
      aggressive behavioral disorders has been evaluated in a retrospective study of 67
      cases. In addition 4 cases with complex partial seizures accompanied by
      aggressive outbursts revealing a unilateral epileptogenic focus in the amygdala
      or periamygdala region during preoperative stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG)
      evaluation received a unilateral stereotactic amygdalotomy. Long-term follow-up
      of these 4 cases shows that 3 patients had considerable improvement in seizure
      frequency and severity as well as behavioral disturbances. The results in the
      remaining patients evaluated by surface EEG were inconclusive.

PMID- 6422846
TI  - Depth electrode recording in patients undergoing corpus callosotomy for
      intractable epilepsy.
AB  - 6 patients undergoing anterior corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy have
      been studied with depth electroencephalography (EEG). Recording before, during
      and after surgery has confirmed the ability of depth EEG to demonstrate and
      identify lateralized, focal and often multifocal disturbances. Callosal section
      has an immediate and lasting effect on clinical seizures and is accompanied by
      EEG changes with loss of generalization and synchrony following commissurotomy.
      Depth electrodes within the corpus callosal radiations variably reflect
      preoperative epileptiform activity recorded from the temporal and frontal regions
      and postoperatively confirm loss of a potential route of propagation through the
      commissure.

PMID- 6422847
TI  - The indications for and the role of depth electrode recording in epilepsy.
AB  - A series of 47 patients studied with stereotactically implanted depth electrodes
      is analyzed. Indications and grouping of the patients fall into three main
      categories: (a) the bitemporal series (35 patients) where there is ambiguity as
      to the lateralization of the focus; (b) the unilateral series (6 patients) where
      the problem is one of localization within one hemisphere, and (c) the generalized
      series where one tries to determine the primary focus in secondary generalized
      seizures (6 patients). The best indication appears to be the bitemporal cases, in
      which a large number of attacks can be recorded by computer. Most of them tend to
      have a well-lateralized onset in one of the temporal lobes; 32 of the 35
      implanted patients were operated upon (91.4%). The results on the seizure
      tendency in these patients is comparable, if not superior, to those obtained in
      the so-called unilateral cases. Correlation studies indicate that interictal
      activity is a good indicator of the predominance of seizures.

PMID- 6422848
TI  - Outcomes and indications of corpus callosum section for intractable seizure
      control.
AB  - Callosotomy (CCS) was performed in 9 cases of rigorously classified drug
      refractory epilepsy not eligible for focal cortical resection. Complete CCS was
      carried out in two stages in 8 patients. 1 case had an anterior CCS only. None of
      the 9 patients has become seizure free. In 7, seizure frequency has diminished by
      a factor of 3-60 for at least one seizure type. Drop attacks in 2 cases have
      ceased. Clinical seizure patterns appeared more helpful in predicting outcome
      than preoperative EEG and stereoelectroencephalographic studies. Complete CCS may
      result in prolonged behavioral disturbances in the areas of language, hemisphere
      competition and attention-memory sequencing with impact on the sphere of daily
      living.

PMID- 6422849
TI  - Interaction of constituent subunits in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from
      Aphanothece halophytica.
AB  - Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) from the halophilic
      cyanobacterium, Aphanothece halophytica, dissociates into catalytic core (large
      subunit A oligomer) and small subunit B under low ionic strength during sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation. Supplementation of KCl, NaCl, or K2SO4 ( [I] =
      0.3 M) partly prevents the dissociation, the preventive effect of divalent cation
      salts such as MgCl2 and CaCl2 being more effective than monovalent cation salts.
      RuBisCO with its higher-plant-type molecular form can be isolated from the
      cyanobacterial extracts using gradient medium containing 0.3 M KCl, 20 mM MgCl2,
      and 10 mM CaCl2. The isolated enzyme contains large subunit A and small subunit B
      in a molar ratio of approximately 1:1, estimated from the densitometric scanning
      of Coomassie blue-stained gels. During the second sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation to remove minor contaminants, a small amount of subunit B is
      depleted from the holoenzyme. Determination of the molecular weight by
      equilibrium centrifugation and electron microscopic observation have confirmed
      that the cyanobacterial RuBisCO has an A8B8-type structure. The enzyme activity
      per se is found to be sensitive to concentrations of salts, and small subunit B
      is obligatory for the enzyme catalysis. It has been shown that the more the
      enzyme activity is inhibited by salts, the tighter the association of subunit B
      becomes. It is likely that the active enzyme retains the loose conformational
      structure to such an extent that the dissociable release of subunit B from the
      holoenzyme in vivo is not allowed.

PMID- 6422850
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the K-peptide generated by limited proteolysis of glucose
      dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium by proteinase K1.
AB  - Proteolysis of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium with proteinase K
      apparently generated two fragments. The small fragment, designated as K-peptide,
      was sequenced and its covalent structure was determined as Ser-Ser-Glu-Ala-Ser
      Tyr-Val-Thr-Gly-Ile-Thr-Leu-Phe-Ala-Asp-Gly-Gly-Met-Thr- Gln-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Phe-Glu
      Ala-Gly-Arg-Gly. The sequence analysis showed that the K-peptide consists of two
      identical fragments, one of which is lacking one serine residue at the amino
      terminus.

PMID- 6422851
TI  - Effects of enzymatic deglycosylation on the biological activities of human
      thrombin and antithrombin.
AB  - Sequential digestion of human thrombin and antithrombin with neuraminidase, beta
      galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase D resulted in the successive removal of sialic acid,
      galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and mannose and more N-acetylglucosamine
      residues. The products obtained after each stage of deglycosylation had
      electrophoretic mobilities that were consistent with the calculated change in
      mass expected from the cleavage of the sugar moieties. The modified thrombins did
      not lose fibrinogen-clotting activity, amidolytic activity, nor the ability to
      form complexes with antithrombin. In addition, asialothrombin and
      asialoagalactothrombin caused the same extent of platelet release as did control
      thrombin. The products obtained after removal of sugars from antithrombin
      retained thrombin-neutralizing activity. In the presence of heparin the
      inhibition of thrombin as well as factor Xa was enhanced. Thus, the sugar
      residues of thrombin and antithrombin are not required for the formation of
      enzyme-inhibitor complexes or for the other activities that were measured.

PMID- 6422852
TI  - Cleavage of dolichyl pyrophosphoryl oligosaccharides by endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H: comparison of enzymatic and acid hydrolysis techniques
      for saccharide release.
AB  - Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) was found to bring about the
      complete hydrolysis of dolichyl pyrophosphoryl oligosaccharides. Both
      glycosylated and unglucosylated polymannose oligosaccharides were released by the
      enzyme through cleavage of the di-N-acetylchitobiose sequence. The action of the
      endo H on the oligosaccharide-lipids was facilitated by the inclusion of Triton X
      100 (maximal stimulation at concentrations greater than 0.03%) or small amounts
      of a variety of other detergents; however, sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%) was
      strongly inhibitory. Although incubations were routinely carried out at pH 5.2,
      the enzyme was noted to be equally effective at pH 6.5 and to retain 75% of its
      activity toward oligosaccharide-lipid at pH 7.4. While these results broaden the
      known specificity of the endo H for the aglycon moiety, it was observed that even
      under optimal conditions the rate of hydrolysis of lipid-linked Glc3Man9GlcNAc2
      was substantially slower than that of the same oligosaccharide attached to
      asparagine in a peptide sequence. The use of endo H, an enzyme which can be
      obtained free of exoglycosidases, appears to have a number of advantages over
      mild acid hydrolysis as a tool for cleaving oligosaccharide-lipids. It was found
      that the latter procedure causes a small but detectable degradation of the sugar
      chains and, when carried out in the presence of methanol, leads to the release of
      about 10% of the oligosaccharide as its beta-methyl glycoside. Furthermore, the
      oligosaccharides released by the endo H can be directly compared to those
      liberated by this enzyme from glycoproteins; this may prove to be useful in
      metabolic studies dealing with oligosaccharide-lipid assembly and their
      involvement in the N-glycosylation of proteins.

PMID- 6422853
TI  - Oligosaccharides on cathepsin D from porcine spleen.
AB  - Cathepsin D from porcine spleen contained mannose (3.3%), glucosamine (1.4%), and
      mannose 6-phosphate (0.08%). Essentially all of the oligosaccharides of cathepsin
      D could be released by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, pointing to
      oligomannoside types of structures. Three neutral oligosaccharide fractions,
      containing 5, 6, and 7 mannose residues, respectively, were isolated by gel
      permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2. Studies using exoglycosidase digestions
      and 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that their structures are [Man alpha 1
      leads to 2]0 or 1 Man alpha 1 leads to 6[Man alpha 1 leads to 3]Man alpha 1 leads
      to 6[Man alpha 1 leads to 2)0 or 1 Man alpha 1 leads to 3]Man beta 1 leads to
      4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc. These structures are identical to what have
      recently been proposed by Takahashi et al. for the major oligosaccharide units of
      cathepsin D from the same source (T. Takahashi, P. G. Schimidt, and J. Tang
      (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2819-2930), except for the occurrence of two isomeric
      oligosaccharides containing six mannoses. Only a part (3.4%) of the
      oligosaccharides were acidic, containing phosphates in monoester linkage. The
      phosphorylated oligosaccharides also consisted of oligomannoside-type chains
      which were analogous to, but more heterogeneous in size than the neutral
      oligosaccharides. Cathepsin D was bound to a mannose- and N-acetylglucosamine
      specific lectin (mannan-binding protein) isolated from rabbit liver with the Ki
      value of 5.4 X 10(-6) M.

PMID- 6422854
TI  - Calmodulin and parvalbumin: activators of human liver glucocerebrosidase.
AB  - Lysosomal glucocerebrosidase of human tissues is reversibly inactivated by
      extraction with sodium cholate and n-butanol. Enzyme activity can be restored in
      the glucocerebrosidase assay by the incorporation of small amounts of
      phosphatidylserine (1 micrograms/assay) and a heat-stable factor obtained from
      the spleen of patients with Gaucher's disease. In the present report, we show
      that two heat-stable, low-molecular-weight, acidic, calcium-binding proteins,
      namely calmodulin and parvalbumin, are relatively potent activators of human
      liver glucocerebrosidase. A third structurally related, calcium-binding protein,
      troponin-C, does not stimulate glucocerebrosidase significantly. Removal of
      calcium from these proteins by treatment with 5 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta
      aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid greatly decreases the quantity of material
      needed to stimulate enzyme activity. Parvalbumin stimulation of
      glucocerebrosidase activity is dependent on the presence of phosphatidylserine
      whereas the ability of calmodulin to activate the enzyme is not dependent on the
      acidic phospholipid. In terms of the level of glucocerebrosidase activity they
      support and under optimal conditions, parvalbumin and calmodulin are about 50 and
      30%, respectively, as effective as the heat-stable factor from Gaucher spleen. On
      the other hand, on a molar basis, it takes about 35 times more parvalbumin than
      calmodulin to achieve maximum stimulation of glucocerebrosidase activity.

PMID- 6422855
TI  - Alterations in extracellular calcium concentration differentially influence
      prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in epithelial cells from the toad urinary
      bladder.
AB  - The effects of alterations in extracellular calcium concentration on
      prostaglandin (PGE) and thromboxane (TXB2) syntheses were studied in isolated
      epithelial cells from the urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus. In
      epithelial cells prepared using collagenase, basal iPGE synthesis was greater
      than iTXB2 synthesis. Increasing extracellular calcium from zero to 1 mM
      increased iPGE synthesis and decreased iTXB2 synthesis equivalently such that
      total conversion of endogenous arachidonate to these two metabolites was
      unaltered. Vasopressin stimulated iPGE and iTXB2 syntheses when the incubation
      buffer contained 1 mM calcium but had no effect in the presence of 0.4 microM
      calcium. In contrast, using an EDTA isolation method, basal iPGE and iTXB2
      syntheses were equal in the presence of zero calcium. Increasing extracellular
      calcium concentration to 1 mM caused a greater enhancement in iTXB2 synthesis
      compared to iPGE. Increasing extracellular calcium to 2 mM was associated with a
      decline in iPGE and iTXB2 syntheses back to the levels observed with no calcium
      added to the medium. The effect of increasing the calcium concentration was
      greater in phosphate than in bicarbonate buffer. In a Tris buffer the effect of
      altered calcium was almost completely abrogated. These studies demonstrate that
      the choice of buffer and alterations in extracellular calcium concentration
      differentially alter basal arachidonic acid metabolism to prostaglandins and
      thromboxane in isolated toad urinary bladder cells. The results suggest that
      there may exist several endogenous pools of arachidonic acid which are
      differentially influenced by calcium. Furthermore, the pool sensitive to
      vasopressin has an absolute requirement for calcium.

PMID- 6422856
TI  - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase from Streptomyces erythreus: purification, properties,
      and possible role in the production of erythromycin.
AB  - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase was purified (800-fold) from an erythromycin-producing
      strain of Streptomyces erythreus using DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100, SP
      Sephadex, and gel filtration with Sephadex G-75. The molecular weight of the
      native enzyme was 93,000 as determined by gel filtration and the subunit
      molecular weight was 45,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis, suggesting an alpha 2 subunit composition for the native enzyme.
      Evidence is presented that during the purification procedure and storage a
      proteolytic cleavage occurred resulting in the formation of 30- and 15-kDa
      peptides. The enzyme showed a pH optimum of about 5.0 whereas the vertebrate
      enzyme showed an optimum at alkaline pH. The enzyme decarboxylated malonyl-CoA
      with a Km of 143 microM and V of 250 nmol min-1 mg-1. For the decarboxylation of
      methylmalonyl-CoA this enzyme showed the opposite stereospecificity to that shown
      by vertebrate enzyme; the (R) isomer was decarboxylated at 3% of the rate
      observed with malonyl-CoA while the (S) isomer was not a substrate. Neither
      avidin nor biotin affected the rate of malonyl-CoA decarboxylation, suggesting
      that biotin is not involved in catalysis. Acetyl-CoA and free CoA were found to
      be competitive inhibitors. Propionyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, and
      methylmalonyl-CoA showed little inhibition, and neither thiol-directed reagents
      nor chelating agents inhibited the enzyme. High ionic strength and sulfate ions
      caused reversible inhibition of the enzymatic activity. Under two different
      cultural conditions the time course of appearance of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
      was determined by measuring the enzyme activity and the level of enzyme protein
      by an immunological method using rabbit antibodies prepared against the enzyme.
      In both cases the increase and decrease in the decarboxylase correlated with the
      rate of production of erythromycin, suggesting a possible role for this enzyme in
      the antibiotic production.

PMID- 6422857
TI  - Cytosol-mediated reduction of resorufin: a method for measuring quinone
      oxidoreductase.
AB  - The reduction of resorufin (7-hydroxyphenoxazone) fluorescence was catalyzed by
      enzymes present in the hepatic cytosol of rats and hamsters. This reaction was
      mediated by either NADH or NADPH, was completely inhibited by 10 microM
      dicumarol, and was not affected by anaerobic conditions (purging the reaction
      cuvette with nitrogen). The enzyme-mediated decrease in resorufin fluorescence
      was also associated with the loss of the primary absorbance maximum at 570 nm as
      well as the shoulders at 530 and 600 nm. Similar spectral changes were observed
      after resorufin was nonenzymatically reduced by sodium dithionite. The enzymatic
      activity was induced 20- to 40-fold by animal pretreatment with Aroclor-1254 or
      methylcholanthrene, but only minimally by phenobarbital. A 2.5-fold increase in
      the rate of the reaction was noted when the pH of the reaction mixture was
      lowered from pH 7.5 to 6.0. This pH optimum was not a result of slower rates of
      reoxidation of the reduced resorufin at lower pH, but was due to increased rates
      of reduction of the compound. Several of the characteristics of the reaction were
      congruent with the involvement of DT-diaphorase (quinone oxidoreductase, EC
      1.6.99.2), and this newly developed fluorimetric assay would appear to be a
      rapid, sensitive, and direct method for measurement of DT-diaphorase activity.

PMID- 6422858
TI  - Evidence that the collagen in the culture medium of Chinese hamster lung cells
      contains components related at the primary structural level to the alpha1(V)
      collagen chain.
AB  - The collagenous protein synthesized by cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells
      and present in the culture medium has been isolated after limited pepsin
      digestion and differential salt precipitation. Molecular size analysis of this
      material indicates that the CHL cell medium collagen contains chains which
      exhibit an apparent molecular mass of approximately 85,000 Da. When
      chromatographed on CM-cellulose under denaturing conditions, the reduced and
      alkylated CHL cell medium collagen chains elute slightly after the human
      alpha1(I) chain but well before the pepsin-derived alpha1(V) chain, which is the
      constituent chain present in the CHL cell cellular matrix collagen. Analysis of
      the peptides derived by CNBr cleavage of the CHL medium collagen chains by
      chromatography on CM-cellulose reveals, however, that these chains contain
      peptides which correspond both in size and in chemical properties to those
      derived from the alpha1(V) collagen chain, but clearly lack two peptides
      (alpha1(V)-CB4 and alpha1(V)-CB5) which are normally present in pepsin-derived
      alpha1(V) chains. Furthermore, analysis of the CHL cell culture medium
      collagenous material obtained without pepsin digestion indicates the presence of
      collagenous chains that exhibit after reduction a molecular mass of approximately
      160,000 Da, which is smaller than the proposed size of the pro alpha1(V) collagen
      chain. These results demonstrate that the collagenous protein present in the
      culture medium of CHL cells is directly related at the primary structural level
      to the alpha1(V) collagen chain, and it is postulated that this material
      represents the large fragment derived from a collagenase cleavage of the [pro
      alpha1(V)]3 molecules present in the cell layer. Furthermore, these results and
      previous reports indicate that the only identifiable genetic type of procollagen
      chain synthesized by this cloned cell line in culture corresponds to the pro
      alpha1(V) chain.

PMID- 6422859
TI  - The role of covalently bound fatty acids in the degradation of human gastric
      mucus glycoprotein.
AB  - The undegraded high-molecular-weight glycoprotein of human gastric mucus has been
      isolated free of noncovalently bound proteins and lipids, as judged by gel
      filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cesium
      chloride density gradient centrifugation, and lipid analysis. Mild alkaline
      methanolysis of the thoroughly delipidated glycoprotein revealed that, on the
      average, the native undegraded glycoprotein contains 2.9 mol of acyl linked fatty
      acids/mg glycoprotein. The low-molecular-weight glycoprotein subunits, obtained
      after pepsin digestion, contain 2 nmol of acyl linked fatty acids/mg
      glycopeptide. The highest content of covalently bound fatty acids was found in
      the fraction of glycoprotein which remained undegraded after pepsin digestion. On
      the average, 10.2 mol of fatty acids/mg was substituted on this pepsin-resistant
      glycoprotein. After deacylation with hydroxylamine, the undegraded pepsin
      resistant glycoprotein became susceptible to proteolytic cleavage. The obtained
      results suggest that fatty acids covalently bound to gastric mucus glycoprotein
      are involved in the regulation of proteolytic digestion of mucus glycoprotein in
      the stomach.

PMID- 6422860
TI  - [Effective cases of advanced endometrial and recurrent ovarian cancers treated
      with oral administration of UFT].
AB  - A new antitumor agent, UFT, was administered to one patient with endometrial
      cancer and one with ovarian cancer. Case 1:53 year-old female with advanced
      endometrial cancer with an invasion to the bladder. Histological diagnosis was
      endometrial carcinoma. UFT of 600 mg per day was administered orally daily for 28
      days as one course. Palpable inguinal lymph nodes and suprapubic uterus mass were
      disappeared by one course of UFT. Case 2:50 year-old female with recurrent
      ovarian cancer invading to the rectum and uterus with a histological diagnosis of
      papillary tubular adenocarcinoma. One course of UFT produced 64% decrease in the
      pelvic tumor size, and additional one course 74% decrease. No marked side effects
      except stomatitis in case 1 were noticed during UFT administration. Although,
      unfortunately, these two patients died of ileus due to cancer, marked antitumor
      effects of UFT on endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer were elucidated.

PMID- 6422861
TI  - [Pharmacology and metabolism of a new therapeutic drug for prostatic cancer
      "Estracyt"].
AB  - Estracyt is a new drug for treatment of prostatic cancer, which is a molecule
      combining estradiol and nornitrogen mustard by a carbamate link. Estracyt is
      completely dephosphorylated prior to reaching the peripheral circulation after
      oral administration of the drug to men. Estramustine, i. e. dephosphorylated
      Estracyt, appears to be metabolized in liver as follows: Estramustine leads to
      estromustine leads to nitrogen mustard + estrone. There is a large amount of
      estramustine binding protein (EMBP) in the cytosol 3.5 S fraction of human
      prostatic cancer tissue, which is involved with the selective uptake and long
      term retention of both estramustine and estromustine in prostate. The anticancer
      action of Estracyt appears to be the sum of the direct prostatic action of
      estramustine and estromustine and the indirect prostatic action of free estradiol
      17 beta and estrone via the inhibition of hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Estracyt
      Research Group in Japan concluded that Estracyt was effective in 38% of
      reactivated prostatic cancer patients (15% (I-C, I-B), 23% (I-A, O-B, O-C]. Side
      effects of this drug at the time of 3 months treatment is as follows:
      gastrointestinal disturbance in 36%, edema in 15%, and hepatic disorder in 7%.

PMID- 6422862
TI  - Association of juvenile xanthogranuloma with juvenile myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Multiple cutaneous xanthomas developed in a patient at the age of 10 months, and
      juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML) developed at the age of 30 months. The
      xanthomas were histopathologically consistent with a diagnosis of juvenile
      xanthogranuloma (JXG). A review of other cases of JCML with JXG indicates that
      the cutaneous lesions have many clinical and histopathologic similarities to
      sporadic JXG but are more often multiple or papular and confluent. In addition to
      JXG, a few children with JCML also have multiple cafe-au-lait spots and a family
      history of neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6422863
TI  - Faecal flora in neonates with oesophageal atresia.
AB  - The bacteriological findings of a study of intestinal colonisation in 24 neonates
      with oesophageal atresia are reported. Only five of the patients received
      antibiotics. When compared with published findings in healthy neonates, the rate
      of intestinal colonisation in our series was prolonged, with Staphylococcus albus
      predominating in the first week. Anaerobic colonisation was delayed and
      bacteroides spp were present in only five patients by the third week.
      Bifidobacteria were almost completely absent. The onset of intestinal
      colonisation seemed to be related temporally to enteral feeding. The use of
      antibiotics in five patients resulted in colonisation by candida in four and
      clinical thrush in three.

PMID- 6422864
TI  - Parenteral nutrition compared with transpyloric feeding.
AB  - Fifty nine infants of birthweight less than 1500 g were allocated alternately to
      initial total parenteral nutrition or to transpyloric feeding. Mortality was
      similar between the two groups. Ten of the 29 infants in the transpyloric group
      failed to establish full enteral nutrition during the first week of life. No
      beneficial effects on growth were shown in infants receiving parenteral
      nutrition. Acquired bacterial infection was higher in the parenteral group and
      associated with morbidity and mortality. Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia occurred
      only in the parenterally fed infants. The incidence of necrotising enterocolitis
      was higher in the transpyloric group. Parenteral nutrition does not confer any
      appreciable benefit and because of greater complexity and higher risk of
      complications should be reserved for those infants in whom enteral feeding is
      impossible.

PMID- 6422865
TI  - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis of Sneddon-Wilkinson. A long-term immunologic case
      study.

PMID- 6422866
TI  - Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: lethal levels and loss rates.

PMID- 6422867
TI  - [Congenital vesical diverticulosis in childhood].

PMID- 6422868
TI  - Branched chain metabolic support. A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
      in surgical stress.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of the nutritional effects of
      branched chain modified amino acid solutions was undertaken in 23 surgical
      patients within 24 hours of the onset of major general surgery, polytrauma, or
      sepsis. The effects were evaluated in the absence of abnormalities of oxygen
      transport and perfusion in an isocaloric/isonitrogenous setting where the major
      difference between the groups was the amount of branched chain amino acids
      received. Both groups received balanced parenteral nutrition with 1.5 gm/kg/day
      of amino acids, 30 calories/kg/day of glucose, and 7 calories/kg/day of fat. At
      the end of the 7-day study interval, the group receiving the branched chain
      enriched therapy at 0.7 gm/kg/day of branched chain amino acids had improved
      nitrogen retention; an elevation of their absolute lymphocyte count from 800 to
      1800/mm3, a reversal of anergy to recall skin test antigens in 60% of the
      patients, and improved plasma transferrin levels (p less than 0.03). Nutritional
      support using the modified amino acid metabolic support solutions has beneficial
      effects during the stress interval that do not seem as achievable with current
      commercially available nutritional support regimens.

PMID- 6422869
TI  - Surgical management for recurrent pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) diverticulum.
AB  - Recurrent pharyngoesophageal diverticulum is uncommon after a one-stage
      diverticulectomy. Among 888 operations at the Mayo Clinic, recurrence has been
      noted after only 32 (3.6%). The present report outlines our management during a
      19-year period of 44 patients operated on previously, including management of
      various late complications seen in 13 patients after diverticulopexy and
      diverticulectomy performed at other institutions. The study then focuses on the
      results in 31 patients in whom reoperation for symptomatic recurrent diverticulum
      was performed at the Mayo Clinic during the same period. Although reoperation
      posed a technical challenge, there was only 1 operative death (3.2%). Surviving
      patients experienced highly satisfactory late results, with only two recurrences.
      Early surgical morbidity was considerably higher than for primary operations, but
      this did not interfere with most patients having excellent to good late results.

PMID- 6422870
TI  - Protective effect of an asanguineous reperfusion solution on myocardial
      performance following cardioplegic arrest.
AB  - This study assesses whether an appropriately designed asanguineous initial
      reperfusate effectively reduces the reperfusion injury following prolonged global
      ischemia and improves the recovery of cardiac performance after cardioplegic
      arrest. Forty-eight isolated perfused working rat hearts underwent two hours of
      hypothermic (15 degrees to 18 degrees C) ischemic arrest followed by 30 minutes
      of normothermic reperfusion. During ischemic injury, multidose cardioplegia was
      delivered at 30-minute intervals. The reperfusion solution under study was
      infused during the last 3 minutes of ischemia, just prior to release of the
      aortic clamp. The usual hemodynamic variables of this preparation (heart rate,
      aortic pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and stroke volume) were serially
      recorded and expressed as percent of recovery of control values. The influence of
      the concentration of Ca2+, pH, and buffer was more specifically investigated. A
      reperfusate containing 1 mM of Ca2+ was found to result in higher postischemic
      hemodynamic values than a Ca2+-poor (0.25 mM) reperfusate. The best functional
      recovery was provided by an alkalotic (pH 7.70 at 28 degrees C), glutamate
      enriched initial reperfusate, which, by 30 minutes of reperfusion, yielded a 93.5
      +/- 2.3% recovery of aortic flow versus 83.6 +/- 1.8% in the control group
      receiving unmodified reperfusion (p less than 0.01). We conclude that an
      appropriate composition of the initial reperfusate can improve the recovery of
      cardiac function significantly following two hours of cardioplegic arrest and
      that such an improvement can be achieved by an asanguineous reperfusate provided
      its composition is properly designed with respect to electrolytes, pH, and
      substrates.

PMID- 6422871
TI  - Patterns of movement and ageing in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The paths of young and old Drosophila melanogaster have been photographed from
      the center of an arena, the release point. The results indicate that old flies do
      not move as far away from the release point and have more sinuous paths than
      young ones. A high proportion of old flies trace loops during their course, while
      this is the case for only a few young files. It can be argued that young flies
      show patterns of movement which maximize the dispersion, while old flies explore
      the environment in such a way as to withdraw not too far from the release point.

PMID- 6422872
TI  - [Effect of captopril in left ventricular failure during the acute stage of
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - The oral inhibitor of the converting enzyme of angiotensin has previously been
      used successfully in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure. Its action as an
      arterial and venous vasodilator and in significantly reducing the heart rate
      which we have previously reported, led us to assess its effects in left
      ventricular failure during acute myocardial infarction. The effects of captopril
      were compared with those of isosorbide dinitrate in 10 patients with left
      ventricular failure during acute myocardial infarction. An arterial and venous
      vasodilatation was obtained with both drugs. Captopril induced a greater fall in
      left ventricular filling pressures and significantly reduced the heart rate,
      leading to a slight increase in left ventricular systolic work index. Pulmonary
      arterial resistances decreased more significantly with captopril whilst systemic
      arterial resistances fell equally. The left ventricular function curve was
      shifted to the left by both captopril and isosorbide dinitrate, but only
      captopril induced an upward shift and only captopril caused very significant
      reductions in the rate-pressure product. The plasma renin activity of these
      patients was high but the correlation with the vasodilator effect was poor. There
      was little change in medium-term survival (50% mortality). These results indicate
      that captopril may be a valuable drug in the treatment of left ventricular
      failure in acute myocardial infarction. However, its oral presentation makes it
      difficult to determine the optimal dose.

PMID- 6422873
TI  - [Mitral systolic anterior motion and left ventricular function in obstructive
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The term hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction encompasses a wide range of
      clinico-pathological conditions. The mildest forms have localised septal
      hypertrophy and obstruction only during pharmacodynamic stimulation. The more
      severe forms have major wall hypertrophy and are obstructive under basal
      conditions. Mitral systolic anterior motion (SAM) recorded at echocardiography is
      generally attributed to obstruction. However, the construction of this image by
      subvalvular structures and the relationship between the obstruction and
      anatomical deformation led us to study left ventricular haemodynamics with
      respect to the presence or absence of SAM under basal conditions. Thirty one
      cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy were divided into 2 groups: --
      Group 1 without basal SAM (11 cases); -- Group 2 with SAM under basal conditions
      (20 cases). Under basal conditions there was no significant difference in LVEDP
      or ventricular volume between the two groups. An intraventricular pressure
      gradient was commoner in Group 2 (65% compared to 27%) as was mitral incompetence
      (53% compared to 27% in the 30 patients undergoing selective left
      ventriculography). Left ventriculography in the right anterior oblique plane
      distinguished two types of LV deformation: systolic biloculation of the chamber
      and systolic apical obliteration. The second form was mainly observed in Group 2.
      The effect of isoproterenol on LVEDP was studied in 9 cases in Group 1 and 13
      cases in Group 2: LVEDP decreased from 14 +/- 6 mmHg to 8 +/- 6 mmHg in Group 1,
      and increased from 14.5 +/- 6 to 23.5 +/- 6.5 mmHg in Group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422874
TI  - [Esophageal M mode echocardiography].
AB  - M mode echocardiography may be difficult or even impossible from the standard
      transducer positions (parasternal or subcostal) in obese, broncho-emphysematous
      patients and subjects with thoracic malformations. For this reason, the authors
      used the oesophageal route. A 2.25 MHz unfocused 11 mm diameter transducer was
      attached to a wire enabling it to be orientated. The patients were asked to
      swallow this probe after local anaesthesia. The aortic ring served as a landmark
      for other cardiac structures. The technique was well tolerated and no
      complications ensued. Fifty seven patients were examined: echocardiography from
      the standard positions was of mediocre quality in 55%. Excellent recordings were
      obtained by the oesophageal route, of the aortic ring (Ao, 100% of cases), of the
      aortic cusp opening (ACO, 92% of cases) and of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML,
      96.5% of cases); the recording of the left ventricle was more difficult (LV,
      45.5% of cases). Exceptionally good recording were obtained of the right heart.
      Correlations between the measurements made from the oesophageal and standard
      positions were excellent with respect to the aortic structures (Ao: r = 0.92;
      ACO: r = 0.92) and LV dimensions (systolic: r = 0.82; diastolic: r = 0.87). The
      correlations between the measurements of DE mitral valve amplitude, EF slope and
      left atrial dimension were mediocre (r = 0.63, r = 0.72 and r = 0.69,
      respectively). In 6 cases, this recording technique enabled a precise diagnosis
      to be made. Oesophageal echocardiography is simple and well tolerated and should
      effectively complete the arsenal of cardiological ultrasonic techniques.

PMID- 6422875
TI  - [Detection of coronary atherosclerosis before 45 or 50 years of age. Value of
      skin biopsy].
AB  - A three year prospective study was undertaken to determine the possible
      relationship of coronary atherosclerosis in subjects under 50 years of age,
      confirmed by coronary angiography, and structural changes of the connective
      tissue dystrophy. The independence of the histological changes with respect to
      other cardiovascular risk factors was also evaluated. The study was carried out
      by a double blind technique between the histological and clinical results. We
      present our preliminary results in 88 male patients, 64 with atherosclerosis and
      24 controls. Histological abnormalities were found in 81.25% of patients with
      atherosclerosis compared to 33.3% in the control subjects. Accelerated skin
      aging, a simple diagnosis, requires only light microscopy for diagnosis and seems
      to be the simplest and most reliable screening test. It is found in 61% of
      atherosclerotic patients in the general population and in 74% of coronary
      patients under 45 years of age, independently of other risk factors especially
      cigarette smoking. As a screening test for coronary atherosclerosis before 45
      years of age, the sensitivity was found to be 74.2% and specificity 57.1%, the
      predictive value being 79.3%. Connective tissue dystrophy needs electronic
      microscopy and seems to be less reliable in the detection of atherosclerosis as
      this condition is usually found in patients over 45 years of age. However, these
      changes are related to atherosclerosis and not to age. This study shows that skin
      biopsy in the search of accelerated skin aging, enables atherosclerosis to be
      detected simply and reliably, independently of other risk factors. This test, by
      defining the individual structural risk, is a method of following the progression
      or regression of atherosclerosis and so help control treatment.

PMID- 6422876
TI  - [Relation between serum levels and inotropic effect of digoxin in advanced
      cardiac failure during long-term treatment].
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of digoxin serum levels
      to their inotropic effects in advanced cardiac failure during long-term therapy
      with different dosages. The study was based on the analysis of left ventricular
      systolic time intervals (STI) measured at 97 follow-up appointments of 20
      patients in advanced, stable cardiac failure over an average period of 37 days.
      The dosage of digoxin was varied at successive consultations so that the serum
      digoxin levels reached 0.50 ng/ml on at least one occasion. The serum digoxin
      levels (SD) varied between 0 and 4 ng/ml. Four levels of SD were individualised:
      A) "control" SD less than 0.25 ng/ml (22 consultations); B) SD: 0.25 to 1 ng/ml
      (n = 25); C) SD: 1.0 to 2.0 ng/ml (n = 29); D) SD greater than 2 ng/ml (n = 21)
      including 6 cases with clinical and/or ECG signs of digoxin toxicity. A
      progressive significant shortening of the electromechanical systolic index (Q-S2
      I) was observed up to levels of 2 ng/ml (B and C, -18 ms and -28 ms
      respectively). The same phenomenon was observed with the ejection time index
      (ETi) and pre-ejection time index (PETi) (-7 ms and -14 ms; -11 ms and -15 ms
      respectively) compared to the basal values. At SD greater than 2 ng/ml the
      reduction remained stable and then started to decrease (positive difference
      between C and D). These changes were observed in the absence of significant
      variations of the heart rate. There was a significant linear relationship between
      the variations of the STI and SD in 15 out of 18 patients (in whom the regression
      could be calculated, these patients having attended at least 3 appointments).
      These linear relationships were observed for the Q-S2 i (11-18), the ETi (9-18)
      and/or PETi (10-18). An unexpected increase in the pre-ejection period was
      observed in 2 patients. In conclusion, a linear relationship has been shown
      between SD and inotropic effect which is particularly noticeable at SD levels
      less than 2 ng/ml. When SD is greater than 2 ng/ml, further increases in SD are
      associated with smaller variations of the STI. On the other hand, a significant
      inotropic effect is observed with small doses and SD levels less than 1 ng/ml.
      This inotropic effect persists unchanged at long-term.

PMID- 6422877
TI  - [Prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes observed in the
      immediate postoperative period of isolated aortic valve replacements].
AB  - The predictive value of early postoperative ECG changes was studied in 144
      patients: 106 men (mean age 50.6 +/- 12.9 years) and 38 women (mean age 49.7 +/-
      15.3 years), undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) with a Bjork
      Shiley prosthesis between January 1973 and December 1976, using an identical
      protocol of myocardial protection. Eighty four patients had pure or predominant
      aortic stenosis, 60 had pure or predominant aortic regurgitation. The early
      postoperative ECGs (first 30 days) were compared with the preoperative recordings
      to determine the significance of the changes observed in the immediate
      postoperative period. Changes of ventricular repolarisation (0.2 mV ST depression
      and/or 0.5 mV or more T wave inversion) were observed in 44% of cases. Isolated T
      wave inversion--more common in aortic incompetence than in aortic stenosis--had a
      good prognosis. On the other hand, ST depression was associated with a worse
      prognosis (mortality rate three times higher). Conduction defects, either
      atrioventricular or intra-ventricular, were observed in 30% of cases. They had no
      effects on mortality or long-term outcome. Atrial fibrillation was observed in
      16% of cases and had a good prognosis. In conclusion, the only change in the
      early postoperative ECG of patients undergoing isolated AVR associated with a
      poor medium or long-term prognosis, was significant ST depression.

PMID- 6422878
TI  - [Lengthening of the direct sinoatrial conduction time: a criterion of sinus node
      dysfunction].
AB  - In order to determine the significance of prolongation of the direct sinoatrial
      conduction time (DSACT), an attempt was made to record the sinus node potential
      in 110 patients which was successful in 84 cases. The DSACT was normal in 45
      cases (Group A) and prolonged (over 130 ms) in 39 cases (Group B). The
      symptomatology, standard ECG and the results of investigation of sinus node
      function by atrial stimulation of the two groups were compared. The DSACT was
      prolonged in all 13 patients with paroxysmal sinoatrial block or the sick sinus
      syndrome, in 71% of 15 patients with permanent sinus bradycardia, in 88% of 22
      patients with a corrected sinus node recovery time of over 525 ms, in 82% of 38
      patients with a sinoatrial conduction time estimated by the extrastimulus method
      of over 130 ms or an abnormal zone II, in 80% of 39 patients with sinoatrial
      conduction times estimated by Narula's method of over 130 ms; therefore, 87% of
      the 35 patients with probable sinus node dysfunction had long DSACT. On the other
      hand only 2 out of 35 patients (6%) with apparently normal sinus node function
      had prolonged DSACT. These results indicate that prolongation of the DSACT is a
      sensitive and specific criterion of sinus node dysfunction. In cases of sinus
      node dysfunction dizziness and/or syncope without any known cause were common
      complaints in patients in Group B but absent in patients in Group A. A prolonged
      DSACT could be of prognostic significance in sinus node dysfunction.

PMID- 6422879
TI  - [Anatomic study of the right ventricular inferior wall. Search for the optimal
      site for implanting epicardial pacing electrodes].
AB  - The inferior wall of the right ventricle was studied to determine the optimal
      site of implantation of epicardial pacing electrodes. The hearts of 10 patients
      without cardiac disease, aged 57 to 84 years, who died in Broussais hospital,
      were studied. The hearts were washed, weighed (300 to 550 g) and placed in a
      formol solution to which was added half its volume of Larsen's solution. They
      were then examined and cut in sections about 0,8 cm thick, perpendicular to the
      long axis of the heart. Each section was drawn and the thickness of the inferior
      right ventricular wall measured. The inferior wall of the right ventricle is
      shaped like a right angled triangle limited medially by the inferior
      interventricular groove, posteriorly by the atrioventricular groove (containing
      the right coronary artery), and laterally by the right free border. The surface
      area of the triangle varies between 14 and 34 cm2, a fatty border is always
      observed, and, in 5 out of 10 cases, vessels (arteries and veins) run in a
      randomised fashion across its surface. The inferior wall is very irregular on
      section, appearing craggy and cavernous with sudden variations of 1 to 10 mm in
      thickness due to the many 2nd and 3rd order trabeculations. In the muscular zone
      near the interventricular septum, the thickness varies from 2 to 10 mm, but only
      10 out of 70 measurements were less than 4 mm. In the middle and central zones,
      only 34 out of 182 measurements were less than 4 mm thick. On the other hand, at
      the apex and right border of the heart, the values fell to 7 mm and parts of the
      anterior right ventricular wall was as thin as 0,5 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6422880
TI  - [Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in adults].
AB  - The surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults as in
      children, usually comprises section and suture, but a certain number of technical
      precautions must be taken. The aortic wall is often fragile due to atheromatous
      lesions which are more common with increasing age. Associated hypertension may
      add to the fragility. Controlled medicated hypotension and reinforcement of
      sutures with a piece of pericardium may be useful in reducing the risk of
      haemorrhage. It is sometimes necessary to use partial femoro-femoral
      cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. The presence of an aneurysm at the aortic end of
      a calcified ductus necessitates the same precautions. When PDA is complicated by
      pulmonary hypertension, the surgical indication can only be considered when the
      left-to-right shunt remains voluminous and when pulmonary artery pressures fall
      significantly during catheter or peroperative trials of closure. The operative
      risk in these cases increases with age. Cardiopulmonary bypass may also be very
      useful in these cases. Secondary repermeabilisation of an operated ductus, and
      cases complicated by endocarditis require an endopulmonary approach under
      cardiopulmonary bypass because of the fragility of the ductus region and
      difficulty in controlling haemorrhage. This technique is also preferred when an
      associated intracardiac malformation is to be corrected. Between 1965 and 1981,
      37 patients were operated in the department of thoracic and cardiac surgery at
      the Pitie Hospital. The ages ranged from 20 to 65 years with a mean of 34 years.
      Cardiopulmonary bypass was necessary in 5 cases, (partial in 4, and total in 1
      case of endoaortic closure).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422881
TI  - [Ultrasonic study of the carotid artery bifurcation. Comparative study with
      arteriography (50 cases)].
AB  - This prospective study was initiated in March 1981 and all results were compared
      with arteriography. The investigations were carried out with a real time Toshiba
      SAL 20 equipped with a 5 MHz transducer and a DUD 400 continuous Doppler
      ultrasonogram with a 4 MHz transducer. All patients were referred to us from the
      neurological and cardiac departments of our hospital. They had a wide range of
      conditions varying from simple paraesthesia to massive hemiplegia or from
      arrhythmias to syncope. The investigation always started with classical Doppler
      examination (12 recording points) and was followed by real time ultrasonography
      of the cervical vascular axes. An improved diagnostic performance with the
      association of Doppler + real time B mode ultrasonography was demonstrated in a
      previous study. The results of this study were compared with the angiographic
      appearances and a close correlation was observed with normal and pathological
      cases. In this series of 50 cases the sensitivity was 92 p. 100 and the
      specificity 87 p. 100. More detailed analysis of this population showed the two
      false negatives to correspond to two ulcerated atheromatous plaques at the
      carotid bifurcation. The false positive results were more difficult to interpret
      and may have been due to technical artefacts. However, other workers have already
      encountered this difficulty with surgery demonstrating the plaques detected by
      ultrasound. In conclusion, real time ultrasonography and Doppler are two
      complementary investigations which when used by the same operator can become very
      sensitive and reliable methods of investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422882
TI  - [Changes in the blood pressure during an exercise test in children and
      adolescents. Results with reference to height].
AB  - The variations of blood pressure (BP) during exercise are important when there is
      a doubt about the normality of the values or a possibility of future abnormality.
      This is particularly true in children and adolescents with borderline or variable
      values, whose capacity of cardiovascular adaptation to sport is to be evaluated
      or who have a family history of hypertension. This study was undertaken to
      establish the profile of blood pressure on exercise during bicycle ergometry with
      reference to the height of the child or adolescent. BP and heart rate were
      measured in 651 healthy children aged 5 to 18 years during stress testing by
      bicycle ergometry. The sample was divided according to sex and height (120-139,
      140-159, 160-180 cm), and according to resting BP values. During simple
      progressive exercise, the work required is increased by 10 watts every 2 minutes
      for children less than 140 cm tall, and by 20 watts when over 140 cm tall. BP and
      heart rate were measured during the last 30 seconds of each stage. Heart rate and
      systolic BP increased progressively with work load; on the other hand, the
      diastolic pressure did not change on exercise. The regression equation and the
      slope of systolic BP with respect to heart rate are reported, and allow
      comparison of different groups according to height, sex and resting systolic BP.
      The increase in systolic BP was the same in all groups except for boys taller
      than 160 cm in whom it was significantly greater (p less than 0,01). Sex and
      resting BP had no significant effect on the slope of systolic BP on exercise. The
      same applied to exercise lasting more than 6 minutes. The mean values and
      standard deviation of systolic BP at a heart rate of 150/min were, for each
      height group in ascending order: 121.5 +/- 19, 129 +/- 22 and 151 +/- 26 mmHg for
      boys, and 118.5 +/- 26, 126 +/- 21 and 137 +/- 26 mmHg for girls. In order to
      simplify the interpretation of the results obtained individually, charts in the
      form of an ellipse were plotted containing the usual values (95% of a healthy
      population) of systolic BP on exercise at the heart rate of 150/min, for each
      sex. They were established with reference to resting systolic BP and height. The
      diagnostic and prognostic value of this test will have to be evaluated by
      comparison with values obtained in hypertensive children.

PMID- 6422883
TI  - [Indication for and the future of valvular bioprosthesis].
AB  - Two fundamental characteristics distinguish bioprostheses from mechanical
      prostheses: disadvantage: reoperation inevitable after a variable delay;
      advantage: the problems of anticoagulation are avoided in the majority of cases
      and, above all, thromboembolic complications are reduced, thus improving the
      quality of life even if anticoagulation proves necessary. Before weighing up
      these considerations and making the difficult choice of the best prosthesis, two
      factors must be taken into account: the advances in cardiac surgery have enabled
      surgical therapy to be considered even in asymptomatic patients with the object
      of ensuring longer and better quality life; the concept of reoperation is still
      too often synonymous with surgical failure whilst thromboembolic complications
      are referred to fatality. To delay reoperation is to significantly increase the
      risks, so falsifying the statistical mortality rate and making it impossible to
      answer the fundamental question: "does the use of bioprostheses prolong life
      expectancy compared to mechanical prosthesis?".

PMID- 6422884
TI  - [Value of long-term electrocardiography in patients with cerebral ischemic
      accidents].
AB  - Continuous 24 hour electrocardiography (Holter monitoring) was performed in 226
      patients aged 20 to 85 years (mean 61 years) presenting with focal signs of a
      cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The technique was the same in all patients; the
      study was limited to paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. Eighty four of the 226
      patients examined had atrial arrhythmias which were already known in 39 patients
      before Holter monitoring. In the other 187 cases, the following results were
      obtained: 1) 9 patients (4,8%) had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), 2) 6
      patients (3,2%) had paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT), 3) 11 patients (5,9%)
      had runs of atrial extrasystoles, 4) 19 patients (10%) had isolated atrial
      extrasystoles (IAE). When patients with underlying cardiac disease constituting a
      diagnostic indicator for arrhythmia were excluded, the following incidences were
      obtained: AF = 3,7%, PAT = 2,7% and runs of atrial extrasystoles = 4,3%. The
      majority of these arrhythmias occurred in elderly patients in whom atrial
      arrhythmias are known to occur and may be asymptomatic. There were practical
      consequences of these results, i.e. antiarrhythmic and anticoagulant therapy in
      12 patients (6,4%) alone. As Holter monitoring is also associated with a number
      of false negative results with respect to paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, we do
      not believe that this investigation should be offered routinely to patients with
      CVA in the absence of other clinical or electrocardiographic indications.

PMID- 6422885
TI  - [Bilateral coronaro-pulmonary fistula. Apropos of a new case with review of the
      literature].
AB  - Two coronary pulmonary fistulae were demonstrated between the right coronary and
      left anterior descending arteries and the main pulmonary artery at coronary
      angiography, in a 66 year old woman with a continuous murmur in the third left
      intercostal space. This double malformation, though uncommon is not rare (18
      previously published cases). It is usually diagnosed late (17 to 76 years) and
      the presentation is limited in half the cases to a localised continuous murmur,
      the localisation of which may simulate a patent ductus arteriosus. The hypothesis
      of a supernumerary coronary artery arising from the main pulmonary artery is
      suggested by the constancy of the anatomical characteristics of the reported
      cases. Eight patients presented typical attacks of angina which were due to
      severe coronary atherosclerosis, affecting two or three main vessels except in
      one case. Therefore, it is unlikely that these fistulae cause coronary
      insufficiency by a coronary steal syndrome. However, this mechanism may aggravate
      symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease and necessitate surgical cure
      of the fistulae at the same time as coronary bypass surgery. On the other hand,
      surgery does not seem to be indicated in asymptomatic patients.

PMID- 6422886
TI  - [1:1 atrial flutter in an elderly patient: one of the methods of discovering
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Apropos of a case in an adult].
AB  - Atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction giving rise to a ventricular
      rhythm of 240/min in an 80 year old man was the first sign of the Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome; all previous electrocardiogrammes had shown no evidence of pre
      excitation. It was only on the fifth day of hospitalisation that the ECG showed a
      short PR interval with a delta wave. This case illustrates that: --all
      supraventricular arrhythmias with abnormally high ventricular rates (over 220/min
      in adults) should alert to the possibility of an accessory atrioventricular
      pathway; --rapid atrioventricular conduction may be the first sign of an
      accessory pathway; --the differential diagnosis lies between an accessory
      atrioventricular pathway and an atriohisian tract; --digitalis, which may shorten
      the refractory period of the accessory pathway, is contraindicated in patients
      with a Kent bundle.

PMID- 6422887
TI  - [Treatable asystole in adults caused by diffuse, total liver arterio-venous
      aneurysm. Cure by ligation of the hepatic artery].

PMID- 6422888
TI  - [Coronarography by percutaneous puncture of the axillary artery. Value in
      arteriopathies of the lower limbs].
AB  - Coronary angiography by a percutaneous femoral approach using the Judkins
      Bourassa technique with special preformed catheters is widely used. This approach
      is potentially dangerous or impossible in patients with severe lower limb
      arteriosclerosis even after operation and so the investigation has to be done by
      Sones' technique (denudation of the humeral artery). There is, however, another
      upper limb approach which does not involve arterial denudation: percutaneous
      right or left axillary artery catheterisation. This paper reports the experience
      of a multicentre study of this method in 105 patients. This study is of interest
      as an arterial catheter introducer was used which, does not compress the artery,
      prevents bleeding when the catheter has to be changed and reduced the risk of
      thromboses or laceration of the axillary artery. 73 of the 105 patients had lower
      limb arteriosclerosis 5 had aortic aneurysms and 1 patient had a previous history
      of femoral artery embolism. There was a primary indication for this approach in
      21 cases. The left axillary artery was used in 83 cases (79%) and the right
      axillary artery in 22 cases (21%). The coronary catheters were those usually used
      with the femoral approach. The left side was chosen preferentially as it avoided
      the brachiocephalic trunk and facilitated the catheterisation of the coronary
      ostia and of aorto-coronary bypass grafts. Selective catheterisation of the left
      coronary artery was achieved in 21 out of 22 cases (95%) and of the right
      coronary artery in all 22 cases (100%) by the right axillary route. Both left and
      right coronary arteries were selectively catheterised in all cases by the left
      axillary approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422889
TI  - [Role of left ventricle angioscintigraphy during exercise in the diagnosis of
      coronary disease. Comparison of static and dynamic exercise].
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of exercise stress
      testing, Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy or after administration of
      dipyridamole and left ventricular angioscintigraphy performed either during a
      static (handgrip) or dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry) for the positive
      diagnosis of stenosing coronary artery disease. The exercise angioscintigraphy
      was performed at equilibrium with 99m Tc red blood cell labelling. The global
      ejection fraction and that of seven radial segments of the left ventricle were
      measured, the data being recorded within a period of 2 minutes. The handgrip
      consisted in compressing a dynamometric ball at 1/3 maximal force for 3 minutes,
      with both hands; the ergometric exercise was increased by 30 Watt 2 minute
      increments until a positive ECG or 85% of the theoretical maximal heart rate for
      age was obtained. Normal subjects (n = 29) increased their global (+ 8%) and
      regional ejection fractions in each of the seven segments (p less than 0.05)
      during ergometric exercise: there was no significant change of global (-3% NS) or
      segmental ejection fractions during the handgrip exercise. In the coronary group
      (at least one greater than 70% stenosis) (n = 61) the fall in global ejection
      fraction was the same (-14%) with both forms of exercise; a similar fall in the
      segmental ejection fraction in the territory distal to the stenosis was observed
      with the handgrip (-22%) and bicycle ergometry (-28% NS). Dynamic exercise
      testing seemed superior to handgrip exercise. Therefore, the finding of an
      abnormal global ejection fraction on exercise (i.e. either a global ejection
      fraction less than the lower limit of normal on exercise, or lower than the
      global ejection fraction at rest), or of an abnormal regional ejection fraction
      (i.e. either a regional ejection fraction less than the lower limit of normal
      over at least 3 segments, or a regional ejection fraction on exercise lower than
      the regional ejection fraction at rest over at least 3 segments) detected
      coronary artery disease with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 72%.
      Dynamic exercise angiography seemed to be more sensitive than maximal ECG stress
      testing (94% compared to 64%) more rapidly positive (p less than 0.05), as
      sensitive (94% compared to 83% NS) than Thallium myocardial scintigraphy, but
      less specific (72% compared to 90%, p less than 0.05), and as unspecific as ECG
      stress testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6422890
TI  - [Predictive value of plasma apolipoprotein B in myocardial infarction in young
      subjects. Correlations with coronarographic data].
AB  - In recent epidemiological studies, apolipoprotein-B (apo B), the main low density
      lipoprotein (LDL), was found to be significantly elevated in patients with early
      atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare plasma apo B in a
      population of men who had suffered myocardial infarction before 45 years of age
      (N = 31) with a control population (N = 22). In the coronary group, there were 27
      angiographies between the end of the first and third month. The plasma
      lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation, cholesterol and triglycerides
      measured by enzymatic methods and apo B by Laurell's technique of
      immunoelectrophoresis. Our results showed significantly higher apo B in the
      coronary group (p less than 0.05). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL cholesterol were also significantly higher
      whilst high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower. In
      addition, apo B levels correlated with the severity of the coronary lesions on
      angiography. Therefore, the plasma apo B level is a good predictive indicator of
      the presence of early coronary atherosclerosis and its severity.

PMID- 6422891
TI  - [Myocardial infarction in the young subject: a medium-term clinical and coronary
      angiographic study in 40 patients under 36 years of age. Comparison with coronary
      angiographic data of myocardial infarction in patients after 50 years of age].
AB  - A series of 40 myocardial infarctions, occurring in patients under 36 years of
      age was studied retrospectively (Group I: mean age 31.3 years). The medium term
      results of coronary angiography in this group were compared with those of 60
      myocardial infarctions after 50 years of age (Group II: mean age 56.6 years).
      Group I had a clear male predominance (92.5%), a high incidence of smoking (69%),
      hypercholesterolaemia (69%); myocardial infarction was the first manifestation of
      their disease in 54% and it was often extensive (42%). A comparative angiographic
      study between the two groups showed: 1) Less widespread lesions in Group I, as
      assessed by the number of main arteries stenosed (p less than 0.001), the
      coronary index (p less than 0.01) and the mean coronary score using Friesinger's
      method (p less than 0.01). 2) A higher incidence of subnormal coronary
      angiogrammes in Group I (absence of 50% stenosis) (15%) and of single vessel
      disease (40%): compared with Group II in which multivessel disease was observed
      in 86.5% of cases. 3) Collateral circulation was less common in Group I (p less
      than 0.01). On the other hand, a comparative study of regional and global left
      ventricular function showed no difference between the two groups. Two subgroups
      were distinguished in Group I: in one subgroup, multiple lesions similar to those
      found in Group II, suggestive of premature coronary atherosclerosis (52.5%); the
      other group (47.5%) presented unilocular lesions i.e. focal mono-arterial lesions
      compatible with other causes of infarction (thrombosis and/or spasm). These
      patients were younger (p less than 0.05) and had significantly fewer
      cardiovascular risk factors (p less than 0.01). Despite the fact that the
      coronary lesions were limited, the myocardial damage was comparable with the
      other groups as the collateral circulation was much less developed (p less than
      0.02). These appearances were only observed in 3.5% of patients in Group II. The
      study of the angiographic outcomes of these two types of lesions should show a
      difference and could contribute to the understanding of their mechanisms.

PMID- 6422892
TI  - [Angiography of the left ventricle: study of the kinetics of the wall. A new
      theoretical approach].
AB  - Authors present a new study of left ventricular local wall motion. A critical
      study about three methods is analysed. This original analysis method is based on
      the calculation of local ejection fractions from a mathematical model: a
      theoretical ideal systolic contour is evaluated from an ejection fraction value
      and for a left homogeneous ventricular contraction. The left regional wall motion
      is appreciated from the comparison between real systolic contour and theoretical
      systolic contour. At first the use problems of classical regional wall motion
      study are described. This presentation is to develop the mechanical and
      mathematical particularities of our original method. On the other one the study
      of computer-derived shape is to allow systematical and quick application to
      quantify the left ventricle contractility.

PMID- 6422893
TI  - [Angiography of the left ventricle: study of the kinetics of the wall. Practical
      applications and validation of results].
AB  - Authors present a new study of left ventricular local wall motion. A critical
      study about three methods is analysed. This original analysis method is based on
      the calculation of local ejection fractions from a mathematic model: a
      theoretical ideal systolic contour is evaluated from an ejection fraction value
      and for a left homogeneous contraction ventricular. The left regional wall motion
      is appreciated from the comparison between real systole and theoretical systole.
      On the one hand, this method has been studied in theory. On the other one, it has
      been validated in a group of 22 patients having not any cardiac anomaly. Then its
      use has been compared to the two classic radial and longitudinal methods in a
      twenty ventriculographies group with six different contraction anomalies.
      Regularly, it was used on about more than 1500 valvular and coronary patients
      since November 1981. The results of the left ventricular function study are
      coherent.

PMID- 6422894
TI  - [Diagnostic value of amplitude variations of the QRS complex during computerized
      exercise testing].
AB  - Two hundred and fifteen patients were examined: 20 athletes, 40 subjects with
      radiologically normal coronary arteries (NCA) and 155 patients with one or more
      coronary artery stenoses (82 without, 73 with previous myocardial infarction).
      Exercise testing was by bicycle ergometry. The ECG recordings obtained by a
      computerised system had stable base lines and variations in QRS amplitude related
      to respiration were eliminated. The changes in amplitude of the R wave (delta R)
      and QRS complex (delta QRS) during exercise are interesting, especially in lead
      CM5. The amplitude decreases or remains the same in athletes (delta R = -1.3 +/-
      3.2 mm; delta QRS = 0.7 +/- 3.4 mm) and in patients with NCA (delta R = -0.2 +/-
      2.5 mm; delta QRS = 0.5 +/- 3.1 mm). This contrasted with the coronary group in
      whom these amplitudes increased significantly (delta R = 1.5 +/- 2.9 mm; delta
      QRS = 3.1 +/- 3.2 mm, p less than 0,001). These variations did not give
      indications of ischaemia of another region or of the presence of an aneurysm in
      patients with previous infarction. The greatest variations in amplitude were
      observed in patients with signs of previous inferior infarction. Can this method
      provide diagnostic information in patients without previous myocardial
      infarction? If positive delta R and delta QRS are defined as increases of at
      least 1 mm on exercise, the diagnostic value of these changes (sensitivity: delta
      R = 58.5%, delta QRS = 78%; specificity: delta R = 67.5%, delta QRS = 57.5%) is
      comparable with the classical signs of: pain (sensitivity: 63%; specificity: 75%)
      and ST depression of over 1 mm in CM5 (sensitivity: 72%; specificity: 62.5%). In
      conclusion, in patients without previous myocardial infarction, the reliability
      of exercise stress testing in diagnosing coronary artery disease can be increased
      when the following three parameters are taken into consideration: pain, ST
      segment, delta R or delta QRS or both. When all three signs are negative, the
      stress test can be considered negative (the 82 coronary patients had at least one
      positive sign). The positivity of one sign alone corresponds to a normal coronary
      circulation in the majority of cases. The presence of 2 or 3 positive signs is
      very much in favour of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6422895
TI  - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of ST segment depression greater than or equal
      to 3 mm during exercise testing].
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of ST
      depression equal to or more than 3 mm during exercise stress testing (EST). Out
      of 4050 EST performed over an 8 year period, 128 patients (3,2%) had this degree
      of ST depression. These changes were observed in leads V4 V6 in 92% of cases.
      Coronary angiography was performed in 56 patients: all had significant coronary
      artery disease (greater than 50% stenoses) with 50% three vessel, 30% two vessel
      and only 20% single vessel disease; all patients had at least one severe stenosis
      (greater than 75%) of a main coronary artery. The predictive value of EST was
      therefore 100% in the 56 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Angina or
      ventricular extrasystoles during EST or greater than 5 mm ST depression were
      predictive of multiple vessel disease. The following correlations were observed
      between EST and the extent of coronary artery disease: maximal heart rate and
      systolic pressure were lower, ischemic changes appeared sooner (less than 2 min)
      and lasted longer during the recovery phase (greater than 7 min) in patients with
      multiple vessel disease. The 5 year prognosis was studied in 58 patients; it was
      poor (death or infarction) in 31 cases (53%). The following factors were
      associated with a poor prognosis: low maximal heart rate and systolic blood
      pressure, early ischemic changes and frequent ventricular extrasystoles on EST;
      on the other hand, the development of anginal pain during EST was not of
      significant prognostic value in this series. ST depression greater than 3 mm on
      EST is rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422896
TI  - [Possible role of vasopressin in ischemic accidents related to tobacco
      consumption].
AB  - Tobacco smoking increases the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death.
      When used for diagnostic and therapeutic ends, vasopressin, at low doses, may
      induce acute ischaemic complications in patients with coronary artery disease.
      This study showed that in some patients the inhalation of tobacco smoke caused a
      rise in plasma vasopressin and nicotine-stimulated-neurophysin, a substance
      easily measured and used as a marker of vasopressin secretion because of the
      close relationship of the two substances. Twelve out of twenty five subjects
      presented higher levels of nicotine-stimulated-neurophysin than the normal for
      the same group before smoking (p less than 0,005): 280 +/- 54 compared to 714 +/-
      459 pg/ml. Simultaneous measurement of vasopressin and nicotine-stimulated
      neurophysin every 5 minutes in 4 subjects confirmed the parallel changes of these
      substances during smoking. These results suggest that vasopressin may play a
      primary role in the acute ischaemic complications of tobacco smoking. The concept
      of the "vasopressin response" could be used as a biological parameter to identify
      subjects at "high cardiovascular risk" under the effects of tobacco and so lead
      to a prophylactic strategy aimed more specifically at these patients.

PMID- 6422897
TI  - [Treatment of atrial fibrillation with fenoxedil hydrochloride. Apropos of 112
      cases].
AB  - One hundred and twelve patients with atrial fibrillation of different causes were
      treated with fenoxedil chlorhydrate. Sinus rhythm was restored in 81 cases (72.3
      p. 100). The best results were obtained in the following conditions: hypertensive
      heart disease (77.6 p. 100), ischemic heart disease (75 p. 100), idiopathic
      atrial fibrillation (76.4 p. 100), senile lone fibrillation (78.2 p. 100). The
      results were average in valvular heart disease (57.1 p. 100) and in
      hyperthyroidism (40%). Age did not appear to be a deciding factor, the overall
      results being comparable in patients under 70 years of age (70.8 p. 100) and over
      70 years of age (73.4 p. 100). Although recent atrial fibrillation was reduced
      more easily (83.3 p. 100), the results were satisfactory in chronic arrhythmias
      (over 3 years) (77.7 p. 100). The success rate was 76.3 p. 100 when the
      cardiothoracic index was over 0.60, and 66.6 p. 100 when less than 0.60. The
      antiarrhythmic effect of fenoxedil chlorhydrate is related to its
      electrophysiological properties as it depresses sinus node activity and
      atrioventricular conduction. No arrhythmic or conduction complications were
      observed during a short period (maximum 5 days) of close monitoring. However,
      lengthening of the QT and PR intervals was a common phenomenon. The advantages of
      fenoxedil chlorhydrate over electrical cardioversion (atraumatic, possibility of
      associating digitalis) and the results obtained whilst respecting the prescribing
      advice, justify its adoption as a method of converting atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 6422898
TI  - [Long-term clinical and hemodynamic results of the treatment of refractory
      cardiac failure with molsidomine].
AB  - Molsidomine, one of the sydnonimine group of drugs; the object of this study was
      to evaluate its efforts in refractory cardiac failure. In the first part of the
      study, the haemodynamic effects of a single oral dose of 2 or 4 mg of molsidomine
      were compared with placebo controls in 23 patients. This showed molsidomine to be
      an active venous vasodilator reducing pulmonary artery and right atrial pressures
      without changing cardiac index or systemic pressures. The peak effect was
      observed after 1 to 1,5 hours. In the second phase, molsidomine was used in 9
      patients aged 32 to 71 years (mean 47 +/- 12 years) over an average period of 19
      months (3,5 to 42 months). The maintenance dose varied from 8 to 24 mg/24 hours.
      These patients had refractory cardiac failure secondary to primary cardiomyopathy
      with dilatation (6 cases) or ischemic heart disease (3 cases). The 9 patients
      were in functional classes IV (5 cases) or III (4 cases). Four patients were
      theoretically good indications for transplantation. Haemodynamic control was
      performed 1,8 +/- 5 months after a washout period of 8 hours, and after initial
      right heart catheterisation, the measurements were repeated 1 hour after oral
      administration of a 4 mg dose of molsidomine. Two patients did not respond
      initially to molsidomine; one died, the other remained in functional Class III.
      Another patient who responded initially was improved for over two years but died
      in cardiac failure after 42 months' treatment. The other six patients have been
      significantly improved and were in functional Class II at their last
      control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422899
TI  - [Determination of gonadotropic valency of preparations from pregnant mare's serum
      (PMSG). 3. Determination of the "PMSG-Substandard-Dessau" activity in follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) bioassays].

PMID- 6422900
TI  - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on serum cortisol levels in major affective
      disorders. III. Effect of antidepressants and lithium carbonate.
AB  - Serum cortisol levels were significantly increased following administration of 5
      hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 200 mg orally, to patients with affective disorders. A
      three- to five-week period of treatment with lithium carbonate or monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) inhibitor augmented the mean 5-HTP-induced increase in serum
      cortisol concentration in manic or depressed patients, respectively: tricyclic
      antidepressant (TCA) and second-generation antidepressant treatment diminished
      the mean serum cortisol response in patients with major depression. These results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that lithium carbonate may enhance serotonin
      (5-HT) receptor sensitivity, whereas TCA and second-generation antidepressants
      diminish 5-HT receptor sensitivity. The enhancement of the cortisol response to 5
      HTP by MAO inhibitors may be due to decreased metabolism of 5-HT. It is important
      to assess the effect of thymoleptic drug treatment on various responses to
      biogenic amine precursors or agonists in patients rather than laboratory animals.

PMID- 6422901
TI  - Anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin. III. Preliminary clinical evaluation.
AB  - Preliminary clinical evaluation of sheep anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin was
      performed on 20 burn injured patients. The patients were divided into two
      comparable groups of ten persons. One group was treated with the immunoglobulin
      shortly after thermal injury (in about two days). The patients of the second
      group received this preparation in about 18 days post thermal injury. It was
      concluded that the sheep anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin is well tolerated by
      patients. The results of clinical observations show that, in respect to incidence
      of sepsis and survival, only early administration of immunoglobulin can prevent
      further development of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6422902
TI  - Functional studies on mouse macrophages activated by phospholipids from Listeria
      monocytogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - The administration of phospholipids from Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus
      fumigatus to mice resulted in the development of macrophages with increased
      functional activity. It has been found that stimulated macrophages have increased
      phagocytic activity, enhanced chemotactic reactivity and augmented adherence to
      plastic surface. The activity of FcIg macrophages and complement receptors as
      well as the rate of the recovery of the FcIg receptors after phagocytosis were
      significantly higher in activated cells. The increase in phagocytosis, and FcIg
      and complement receptors activity was observed in macrophages cultured in vitro
      with phospholipids studied.

PMID- 6422903
TI  - Abnormalities of cobalt-activated acylase from human sarcoma, carcinoma and the
      adjacent tissue.
AB  - Cobalt-activated acylase form-2 from human uterine myosarcoma, lung
      adenocarcinoma and the adjacent tissue was isolated, purified and characterized.
      It was found, that the enzyme from the malignant neoplasms differed both from the
      normal tissue and benign tumor acylase-2 in its Km value, temperature optimum and
      effect of some ions. Some abnormal properties (pH dependence, activation by
      cobalt and thermostability) were common for benign and malignant tumors. In lung
      tissue adjacent to adenocarcinoma, some deviations of acylase properties were
      observed, similar to that found in tumor, indicating that biochemical changes may
      be present also in tissues unaffected by the neoplastic growth by the
      histopathological criteria.

PMID- 6422904
TI  - Black thyroid associated with minocycline therapy.

PMID- 6422905
TI  - Orthotopic cardiac transplantation in a Veterans Administration hospital.
AB  - Of 57 patients referred to the McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center,
      Richmond, Va, for evaluation for cardiac transplantation, 18 received allografts.
      The overall graft survival rate was 67% from two to 24 months after
      transplantation. In 15 recipients receiving immunosuppression with rabbit anti
      human thymocyte globulin, prednisone, and azathioprine, previous transfusion and
      HLA-DR matching resulted in improved graft survival. In three patients receiving
      cyclosporin and prednisone, hypertension, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity were
      seen. All surviving recipients were in functional New York Heart Association
      class 1 or 2. The cost to the Medical Center was $23,275 per transplant. The
      results achieved at the center suggested that a regionalized cardiac transplant
      program can be established within the VA health care system with acceptable
      clinical results and significant financial savings.

PMID- 6422906
TI  - Vasoactive drugs in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Experimental evidence has shown that pancreatic blood flow is severely diminished
      during acute pancreatitis, but it is unclear whether a decrease in blood flow is
      a critical event in the evolution of complications of this disease. When an
      episode of edematous pancreatitis is complicated by necrosis of part of the
      gland, there is a risk of both acute and chronic complications, including sepsis,
      hemorrhage, and abscess. One of the questions that remains is whether the
      decreases in blood flow alluded to are primary or secondary causes. If primary,
      treatments that preserve pancreatic blood flow during pancreatitis might have a
      salutary effect on observed morbidity and mortality. This study determined
      whether two vasoactive drugs, oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine) and
      dihydroergotamine tartrate, given prior to experimentally induced pancreatitis in
      rats, affected observed mortality. After oxidopamine treatment, rats had a higher
      survival rate and greater pancreatic blood flow than untreated controls. The
      association of greater pancreatic blood flow and reduced mortality did not
      exclude other possible effects of oxidopamine treatment but was consistent with
      the hypothesis that vasoactive therapy may have a role in this disease.

PMID- 6422907
TI  - [Blood urea concentration, a parameter for the assessment of protein metabolism
      in pregnant sows. 2. Relations between blood urea concentration and urine
      nitrogen excretion as well as estimation of urine nitrogen excretion from the
      blood urea concentration].
AB  - The influence of supplementing the ration with the limiting amino acid lysine on
      N-excretion in urine and the urea concentration in the blood (UCB) is
      investigated in an experiment with pregnant young sows. In contrast or the basic
      ration the most satisfactory N-utilisation reflects itself after a lysine intake
      of 8.2 g/animal and day during the early phase of gestation and 8.6 g during the
      last phase of gestation both in a diminished N-excretion in urine and a lower
      UCB. The following correlation coefficients were calculated for the relation
      between UCB an N-excretion in urine: early phase of gestation: 0.177 (n = 37);
      last phase of gestation. 0.431 (n = 30); gestation as a whole: 0.416 (n = 67). In
      a second experiment methionine supplementation in the feeding of a ration with a
      deficit of sulphur-containing amino acids led to a significant decrease of N
      excretion in urine (alpha = 5%). While UCB also significantly decreased 5 hours
      after feeding, UCB virtually did not react to a changed level of amino acid
      intake when the blood sample was taken before feeding. In a third experiment, in
      which 49 g N/animal and day were taken in, differences regarding N-excretion in
      urine and UCB between pregnant and non-pregnant animals could not be established.
      When the results published in the first communication (Herrmann and Schneider,
      1981) are included, the following correlation coefficients for the relation
      between N-excretion in urine and UCB are the result: 0.716 (n = 182) for sampling
      before feeding and 0.808 (n = 133) for sampling 5 hours after feeding. The
      confidence range of the estimated function y = -2.97 + 1.233 chi for the relation
      between N-excretion in urine (y; g/animal and day) and UCB 5 hours after feeding
      (chi; mg/100 ml serum) as well as the variability values do not make it possible
      to estimate N-excretion in urine from UCB with satisfactory accuracy.

PMID- 6422909
TI  - Prospective payment system for Medicare using DRGs.

PMID- 6422908
TI  - [Studies of 15N-labeled lysine in colostomized laying hens. 3. 15N incorporation
      into the amino acids of the follicle, residual ovary and oviduct].
AB  - In a metabolism experiments with 15N-labelled lysine 3 colostomized laying
      hybrids received over 4 days 0.2% L-Lysine with 48 atom-% 15N-excess (15N') in
      addition to a ration conventionally produced and, subsequent to this, unlabelled
      lysine for four days. At the end of the experiment the hens were butchered:
      individual organs and tissues were prepared for 15N-analysis. The incorporation
      of the lysine-15N' into the further amino acids in the follicles, the ovary and
      the oviduct is described. The atom-% 15N' of the complete range of amino acids
      was analysed in the individual follicles. Various levels of heavy nitrogen could
      be detected in all essential and non-essential amino acids. Of the total amount
      of 15N' detected in the follicles 64.0% 65.0% and 61.2% resp. could be detected
      in lysine and 25.2%, 25.4%, 28.7% resp. in the other amino acids (hens 1 to 3).
      In the ovary on average 61.6% and on the oviduct 54.2% of the respective 15N'
      amount was detected in lysine. In the ovary 10.9% and in the oviduct 8.4% 15N' of
      the total 15N' of these samples were incorporated into the arginine molecules.

PMID- 6422910
TI  - Can cost efficient health care be taught?

PMID- 6422911
TI  - Nutritional therapy for patients with liver disease.

PMID- 6422912
TI  - Development of a perfluorochemical emulsion as a blood gas carrier.
AB  - Over 10 years of research has led to the development of a perfluorochemical (PFC)
      emulsion that can be utilized clinically as a blood gas carrier. The
      physiochemical properties of this PFC emulsion and their biophysiological effects
      on animals meet the minimum requirements of an oxygen transport medium. As PFC is
      chemically and biochemically inert, its toxicity is extremely low. Acute toxicity
      was related chiefly to the particle size of the emulsion. PFC particles injected
      intravenously are phagocytized in the reticuloendothelial system as foreign
      bodies and are excreted from the lungs. The excretion rate was roughly
      proportional to the vapor pressure of each PFC. An emulsion consisting of 7 parts
      perfluorodecalin and 3 parts perfluorotripropylamine, 20% (wt/vol) PFC final,
      Fluosol-DA 20%, was selected as the best formulation in view of efficacy,
      stability, and excretion rate. No untoward reactions were observed after
      administration of this emulsion. More than 400 patients have received intravenous
      Fluosol-DA 20% in Japan.

PMID- 6422913
TI  - Chondroitin sulfate and RBC clumping.

PMID- 6422914
TI  - Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis. High-titer alpha-interferon and
      trifluridine.
AB  - Previous studies showed that the combination of trifluridine with human leukocyte
      interferon in the treatment of dendritic keratitis is effective, and that the
      best results were obtained with the highest titer then available (30 X 10(6)
      IU/mL). The present study was undertaken to see if an even higher titer (100 X
      10(6) IU/mL) would be more effective. A statistically significant greater
      effectiveness of the higher titer could not be verified.

PMID- 6422915
TI  - Operating ranges and intensity psychophysics for cochlear implants. Implications
      for speech processing strategies.
AB  - This report reviews human and monkey psychophysical data related to the detection
      and perception of intensity information by subjects with cochlear implants. The
      threshold contour for sinusoidal stimuli is characterized by a slope near zero at
      frequencies below about 100 Hz, a slope of 5 to 15 dB per octave at frequencies
      from about 100 Hz to between 0.2 and 2.0 kHz, and a slope of 4 dB per octave at
      higher frequencies. Equal loudness (or latency) contours follow the threshold
      contour at low intensities but change gradually as intensity is increased,
      assuming a shape that can be characterized by zero slope below 100 to 250 Hz and
      a 3-dB-per-octave slope at higher frequencies. Loudness growth functions and
      intensity difference limens are also dependent on stimulus frequency and
      intensity. These psychophysical data suggest that membrane characteristics and
      other factors impose marked alterations on incoming electrical stimuli, which
      must be considered carefully when developing speech encoding strategies.

PMID- 6422916
TI  - Effect of weight loss in moderate obesity on plasma lipoprotein and
      apolipoprotein levels and on high density lipoprotein composition.
AB  - Plasma lipids, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels were determined in seven
      women and seven men with moderate obesity before, during 7 weeks of continuous
      weight loss (10.4% to 9.6% of body weight, 1000 kCal/day diet), and after 3
      months at a stable, reduced weight. Plasma triglyceride levels decreased by 30.4%
      in men and by 39.4% in women (p less than 0.0001) after 1 week of caloric
      restriction and remained at this level throughout the study period. The plasma
      cholesterol decreased by 19.0% in men (p less than 0.001) and by 10.9% in women
      (p less than 0.01) in the period of active weight loss, but returned to prediet
      values after stabilization at a leaner body mass. Similar changes were observed
      in LDL cholesterol levels. No change in high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol levels occurred during active weight reduction, but after 3 months at
      a reduced weight, a significant increase in HDL cholesterol was evident, and the
      ratio of HDL cholesterol to plasma cholesterol increased over prediet values (p
      less than 0.001), women). Separation of HDL subpopulations by zonal
      ultracentrifugation before and after weight reduction revealed that HDL2
      increased slightly in men and decreased slightly in women. In both genders, HDL3
      tended to decrease after weight reduction. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I
      decreased during active weight loss, but this was significant only in women (p
      less than 0.05). After 3 months of reduced weight, plasma apo A-I increased to
      prediet levels. No significant changes in plasma apo A-II or apo E were
      noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422917
TI  - Response of rhesus serum high density lipoproteins to cycles of diet-induced
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Two male rhesus monkeys underwent cyclical feeding of a hypercholesterolemic diet
      (2% cholesterol, 25% coconut oil) and a low-fat Purina monkey chow diet. During
      the latter diet, high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibited two components with
      peak densities of d = 1.081 g/ml and 1.109 g/ml named HDLL and HDLH,
      respectively. During the initial hypercholesterolemic stage, except for apo A-II
      which remained unchanged, there was a transient rise in HDL (mainly HDLL) as well
      as in HDL cholesterol and apo A-I, all reaching maximal values after about 2
      weeks from the onset of the diet. The two HDL species changed neither in size nor
      density as compared to their baseline counterparts, but had a comparatively
      higher content in cholesteryl ester and lesser amounts of triglycerides and
      phospholipids as compared to the normocholesterolemic animal. With the
      development of overt hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol levels above 400
      mg/dl), both HDL particles increased in density due to the loss of surface
      components (phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol) and core triglycerides
      with only minor changes in protein and cholesteryl ester contents. At this stage,
      the same two animals exhibited significant changes in the size and buoyant
      density of LDL. When returned to a normal Purina chow diet, the animals' serum
      cholesterol levels declined rapidly to normal levels; normalization of the HDL
      distribution also occurred but at a comparatively later time (26 weeks). Our
      studies indicate that the two HDL subsets characteristic of the
      normocholesterolemic rhesus monkey undergo significant changes in buoyant density
      as a function of the stage of hypercholesterolemia and that changes in
      concentration and size mainly affect the HDLL subspecies. At levels of plasma
      cholesterol below 400 mg/dl, this cholesterol increment is reflected by a
      significant increase in the number of the HDL subspecies without the overt
      participation of the low density lipoprotein classes characteristic of the
      advanced hyperlipidemic stage. Since we previously reported that greatly
      increased levels of cholesteryl esters enriched low density lipoproteins, beta
      VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) and pre-beta-VLDL during overt diet-induced
      hypercholesterolemia, it is apparent that cholesterol is distributed differently
      among lipoprotein particles containing either apo A-I, apo B, or apo E depending
      on its concentration in plasma.

PMID- 6422918
TI  - Apoproteins B and A-I and coronary artery disease in humans.

PMID- 6422919
TI  - Human apolipoprotein A-I--C-III gene complex is located on chromosome 11.
AB  - The genes for two of the apolipoproteins, apo A-I and apo C-III, previously shown
      to be within 3kb in the genome, were localized to human chromosome 11 by Southern
      blot analysis of DNA from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. These two genes were
      shown to exhibit polymorphisms associated with dyslipoproteinemia and premature
      atherosclerosis, and it will now be possible to examine the relationship of these
      genes to the many others that have been assigned to this chromosome.

PMID- 6422920
TI  - [Video-text for dental practice is no longer a science fiction story ].

PMID- 6422922
TI  - Polygenic analysis of larval locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6422921
TI  - Conditioned courtship in Drosophila and its mediation by association of chemical
      cues.

PMID- 6422923
TI  - Plasmid-mediated biodegradative fate of monohalogenated biphenyls in
      facultatively anaerobic sediments.
AB  - The results of these studies have demonstrated that model PCB substrates can be
      mineralized by indigenous microbial population in contaminated sediments. This
      catabolic function can be rate limited at the microenvironmental level by
      physical-chemical processes such as physical partitioning and accumulation. At
      the biochemical level, this catabolic function is determined by the existence of
      plasmid borne genes that, under laboratory conditions, can be maintained and
      expressed in pure or mixed culture. Numerous limitations are encountered in
      establishing the significance of these biodegradative bacteria and the catabolic
      plasmids at the environmental level. Relatively little information is available
      concerning frequencies and stability of the bacteria or the plasmid encoded genes
      within the community. There is no information on the incompatibility grouping of
      the isolated plasmid relative to other plasmids maintained within the
      populations. Such factors will influence the development of gene screening
      techniques to monitor gene frequency distributions in the sediment community.
      Although mineralization of 4CBP was observed under moderately reducing
      conditions, it remains suspect that transient or trace levels of dissolved oxygen
      may have permitted conventional aerobic metabolism of the substrate. If this is
      true, demonstrating anaerobic metabolism of environmental contaminants will
      require strict and tedious cultivation under highly reduced conditions
      (approximately-300 mV). Large deletions of cryptic DNA observed under laboratory
      conditions may affect bacterial survival and gene maintenance and transfer under
      environmental conditions. Little information exists on regulation of catabolic
      activity of selective pressures required to maintain the degradative genes under
      environmental conditions. Such limitation encountered in these studies are shared
      by virtually all attempts to utilize genetically manipulated bacteria or newly
      isolated strains and plasmids. Perhaps the fundamental question is whether the
      catabolic genes are maintained and expressed within the community rather than
      whether the host bacterium can survive in the environment.

PMID- 6422924
TI  - Manipulation of methanotrophs.
AB  - Methanotrophs have interesting properties concerning the oxidation and
      dehalogenation of both straight-chain and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the
      potential of these bacteria in the degradation of these compounds cannot be
      assessed until more experiments are carried out. It seems likely that genetic
      capabilities will play a major role in the exploitation of these bacteria. We
      have shown that it is possible to use recombinant DNA techniques to generate
      mutants and transfer genes in methanotrophic bacteria.

PMID- 6422925
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase thermostability variants in Drosophila melanogaster:
      comparison of activity ratios and enzyme levels.
AB  - Representatives of five allozymic classes of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase
      have been compared with respect to their activity levels on two alcohol
      substrates, quantities of ADH protein, and stability in crude extracts. Within
      each allozymic class, strains from widely diverse geographic locations differ in
      their enzyme activity levels but are identical for a measure known as "activity
      ratio," which is obtained by dividing the average activity reading on isopropanol
      by that obtained with ethanol. They are also similar in the rate at which ADH
      activity declines in crude extracts held at 25 degrees C. For several of the fast
      resistant and fast-moderate strains, differences in ADH activity are associated
      with differences in the amount of enzyme present. The catalytic efficiencies of
      the fast-resistant forms are considerably lower than those of the fast-moderate
      allozymes. The origin and persistence of the rare but ubiquitous fast-resistant
      allozyme is discussed.

PMID- 6422926
TI  - Identification of a yellow gene-specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster by
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants suggests that the yellow (y) gene in
      Drosophila melanogaster is expressed at a different time in each cell type that
      gives rise to the various structures of the adult cuticle. An important step in
      analyzing the regulation of this gene requires identification of the y structural
      protein. A polypeptide has been identified which correlates with the presence or
      absence of a functional y gene. Furthermore, this protein has the tissue
      distribution profile expected of the y structural gene product. The ability to
      locate this gene was facilitated by the use of coisogenic stocks, two-dimensional
      electrophoretic protein separation, and an ultrasensitive silver protein stain.

PMID- 6422928
TI  - In vitro maturation of rabbit reticulocytes. III. Response of lipoxygenase.
AB  - Lipoxygenase activity with linoleic acid as substrate and the immunologically
      detectable amount of lipoxygenase protein were estimated in the course of in
      vitro maturation of rabbit reticulocytes withdrawn at the sixth day of an
      experimental bleeding anaemia. With unseparated cell mixture there was a
      significant increase in the lipoxygenase activity of 67 +/- 15% after a
      maturation period of 4 h followed by a decrease up to the initial level. The
      maturational changes were more pronounced when the fraction of youngest
      reticulocytes after buoyant density separation in a serum albumin gradient was
      used, whereas the cells of medium density failed to show the intermittent
      increase. The lipoxygenase activity was largely paralleled by the amount of
      lipoxygenase protein. The increase of lipoxygenase was prevented by either
      anaerobiosis or addition of oligomycin. The protein synthesis was greatly
      decreased after 4 h of incubation. The decline of the amount of lipoxygenase
      between 4 and 24 h incubation is probably largely caused by proteolysis. The
      results support former interpretations as to the synthesis and biological
      dynamics of lipoxygenase in reticulocytes.

PMID- 6422927
TI  - Comparative properties of three forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Three alleles of the Zw locus of Drosophila melanogaster--ZwA, ZwB, and Zwlol-
      apparently code for dimeric, tetrameric, and monomeric forms of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), respectively. The three forms of G6PD are
      characterized by different apparent Km values for glucose-6-phosphate but similar
      apparent Km values for NAPD+. When high concentrations of NAPD+ were added to
      enzyme preparations, the ZwA and Zwlol forms of G6PD assumed tetrameric and
      dimeric properties, respectively. Although Zwlol adults exhibit little G6PD
      activity, they maintain levels of G6PD-antigen comparable to those in ZwA and ZwB
      adults. Thus the low level of G6PD activity in Zwlol individuals cannot be
      explained as the consequence of lack of synthesis of the G6PD subunit.

PMID- 6422929
TI  - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor has potent lectin activity.
AB  - Highly-purified plasma and platelet Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor had potent
      lectin activity when measured in a haemagglutination assay. This lectin activity
      was inhibited by monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to Factor VIII/von
      Willebrand Factor as well as by hexosamines, mannose and net-positively charged
      amino acids.

PMID- 6422930
TI  - Calmodulin antagonists inhibit formation of platelet-activating factor in
      stimulated human neutrophils.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187
      plus Ca2+ incorporated exogenously-added [3H]acetate or 1-0-[3H]-alkyl-sn-glycero
      3-phosphocholine (lysoplatelet-activating factor) into platelet-activating factor
      (PAF,1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). The incorporation of these
      radiolabels into PAF by stimulated neutrophils was inhibited by the calmodulin
      antagonists, trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene
      sulfonamide. These two drugs were active at concentrations similar to their
      respective binding constants to purified calmodulin, suggesting a possible
      involvement of calcium-activated calmodulin in PAF biosynthesis.

PMID- 6422931
TI  - Highly potent and specific inhibitors of human renin.
AB  - We designed aldehyde derivatives of small peptides representing the C-terminal
      portion of angiotensin I sequence as an inhibitor of human renin. Among compounds
      that we synthesized, benzyloxycarbonyl (Z)-Phe-His-Leucinal (compound V), Z-Pro
      Phe-His-Leucinal (Compound IV) and Z-[3-(1'-naphthyl)Ala]-His-Leucinal (compound
      VII) markedly inhibited human renin (IC50, 7.5 X 10(-7), 3.2 X 10(-7) and 8.0 X
      10(-8) mol/l, respectively). Compound VII was shown to be noncompetitive (Ki =
      2.4 X 10(-7) mol/l). It did not inhibit either cathepsin D or pepsin. Compound V
      had slight or no inhibitory effect at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/l on six
      animal renins except for monkey and rabbit renins. Results obtained show that
      these aldehyde compounds are highly selective and species specific inhibitors for
      human and monkey renins.

PMID- 6422932
TI  - Human apolipoprotein A-I and C-III genes reside in the p11----q13 region of
      chromosome 11.
AB  - Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is a major protein of high density lipoproteins (HDL).
      The gene for apoA-I has been localized to the p11 leads to q13 region of
      chromosome 11 by filter hybridization analysis of mouse-human hybrid cell cDNAs
      containing chromosome 11 translocations utilizing a cloned human apoA-I cDNA
      probe. The known linkage of apoA-I and apoC-III also permitted the simultaneous
      assignment of the apoC-III gene to the same region on chromosome 11. Comparison
      with previously established gene linkages on the mouse and human genome suggests
      that apoA-I + apoC-III may be linked to the esterase A4 and uroporphyrinogen
      synthase genes which are present on the long arm of human chromosome 11. The
      localization of the apoA-I + apoC-III genes in the p11----q13 region of
      chromosome 11 represents a definitive chromosomal assignment of a human
      apolipoprotein gene, and will now enable more detailed analysis of the geneomic
      organization and linkages of the apolipoprotein genes.

PMID- 6422933
TI  - Trihydroxytetraenes: a novel series of compounds formed from arachidonic acid in
      human leukocytes.
AB  - Addition of 15L-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) to human
      leukocytes led to the formation of a novel series of compounds containing four
      conjugated double bonds. The yield of tetraenes was increased approx. 100-fold
      when ionophore A23187 (5 microM) was added simultaneously with 15-HPETE. The
      structure of the major tetraene was established by physical methods as well as by
      chemical degradation and found to be 5,6,15L-trihydroxy-7,9,11,13
      eicosatetraenoic acid.

PMID- 6422934
TI  - Regulation of intracellular magnesium by Mg2+ efflux.
AB  - Chicken erythrocytes were loaded with Mg2+ by incubation with the cation
      ionophore A 23187 in the presence of Mg2+. After removing A 23187 by intensive
      washing with serum albumin and reincubating the Mg2+-loaded cells, Mg2+ was
      transported out of the cells until the original Mg2+ content was achieved. The
      net Mg2+ efflux followed Michaelis-Menten-kinetics and was independent of
      extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ and calmodulin. The net Mg2+ efflux was not
      affected by adrenalin, isoproterenol, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate, ouabain
      and tetrodotoxin, but was inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, KCN,
      iodoacetate, high extracellular concentrations of Mg2+, Mn2+ and when
      extracellular Na+ was substituted by choline or K+. The efflux of 1 Mg2+ was
      coupled with the uptake of 2 Na+. It is concluded that there exists an additional
      gating process at the inner cell surface becoming active only at increased
      concentrations of intracellular free Mg2+ regulating the exit of Mg2+ by the
      efflux system.

PMID- 6422935
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on thromboplastin activity
      in human monocytes.
AB  - Human isolated monocytes possess low levels of procoagulant activity, which was
      stimulated 10-30 fold by brief (2 hr) exposure to 10 micrograms/ml endotoxin.
      This activity was expressed in normal or factor XII-deficient plasma, but lost in
      plasma deficient in factors X or VII, indicating that it was due to
      thromboplastin. The stimulation of monocyte thromboplastin by endotoxin was
      inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by two phospholipase A2 inhibitors, 4
      bromophenacyl bromide and quinacrine, and by two lipoxygenase inhibitors,
      eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Two cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors, aspirin and indomethacin, prevented endotoxin-induced increases in
      thromboxane B2 production but had no effect on thromboplastin production. These
      results suggest that a component in the sequence of lipid deacylation,
      arachidonic acid release, and metabolism via lipoxygenase may mediate the
      stimulation of monocyte thromboplastin activity by endotoxin.

PMID- 6422936
TI  - Structural changes of liver microsomes in rat during neonatal life: influence on
      the glucuronidation rates of various substrates.
AB  - The Vmax of the membrane bound UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) towards group
      1 substrates (4-nitrophenol, 2-naphthol) was particularly higher in young rats
      than in adults. On the contrary, activity towards group 2 substrates such as
      borneol or testosterone was not detectable in fetus liver. The developmental
      pattern of UDP-GT was related to changes in lipid composition of microsomes,
      namely in the content in lysophosphatidylcholine which rose at birth. The
      phospholipid-cholesterol molar ratio also increased 2 fold from the 16th day of
      fetal life to the 4th day after birth. Measurement of the steady state anisotropy
      of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as well as determination of the order
      parameter S and the rotation cone angle of the fluorescent probe strongly
      suggested an increase in membrane fluidity in rat liver microsomes during
      ontogenesis.

PMID- 6422937
TI  - Copper complexes at N- and C-site of ovotransferrin: quantitative determination
      and visible absorption spectrum of each complex.
AB  - Copper complexes at the two sites of ovotransferrin (TF) differed markedly in the
      rate of Cu release by EDTA. During the reaction, lambda max of the remaining Cu
      Tf complex shifted to red side, while the difference spectrum of FenCu2-nTf vs.
      FenTf in which the N-site had been preferentially occupied with Fe had lambda max
      at blue side from that of Cu2Tf, 440 nm. From these results, the intrinsic
      spectrum for Cu-complex at each site was assigned: lambda max 450 nm for N- and
      430 nm for C-site. The differences in the release rate and the spectrum can be
      used for the identification of the two domains of Tf and for the analysis of
      metal-binding behavior of each site.

PMID- 6422938
TI  - Platelet activating factor (PAF-acether) is released into rat pulmonary alveolar
      fluid as a consequence of hypoxia.
AB  - Hypoxia provokes pulmonary constriction and because PAF-acether is a very strong
      pulmonary constrictor, we looked for PAF-acether in lung alveolar lavage (LAL)
      with a biological method based on the measurement of rabbit platelet aggregation.
      We first demonstrated a PAF-acether secretion during bronchoalveolar lavage with
      sterile isotonic NaCl (pH 7.2). PAF-acether secretion was completely suppressed
      with isotonic NaCl containing 5 mM EDTA but lyso-PAF-acether was still present
      (1.9 +/- 0.55 nmoles). Upon hypobaric hypoxia, PAF-acether was detected in LAL
      (1.05 +/- 0.25 10(-2)nmoles). The amount of lyso-PAF-acether increased by 6 times
      (12.1 +/- 4.1 nmoles). These results are given for 10(4) nmoles phospholipids of
      LAL. They indicate that alveolar macrophages might be activated by hypobaric
      hypoxia, so they produce PAF-acether in the alveole. Such a process could be
      involved in the well-known bronchoconstriction accompanying hypoxia.

PMID- 6422939
TI  - Synergistic activation of rat hepatocyte glycogen phosphorylase by A23187 and
      phorbol ester.
AB  - The combination of 1.6 microM 4 beta phorbol, 12 beta myristate, 13 alpha acetate
      (PMA) and 1 microM A23187 produced a five-fold greater stimulation of rat
      hepatocyte glycogen phosphorylase activity than was seen with PMA alone.
      Vasopressin activation of glycogen phosphorylase was comparable to that seen with
      PMA plus A23187. Glycogen phosphorylase activity due to PMA plus A23187 was
      increased significantly after 30 sec, maximal at 120 and sustained at elevated
      levels for 240 sec. In contrast, activation due to vasopressin was maximal at 30
      sec followed by a decrease. The addition of PMA 5 min prior to the A23187
      abolished the synergism between these two agents. These data are compatible with
      the hypothesis that diacylglycerol and Ca2+ synergistically increase glycogen
      phosphorylase activity in rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 6422940
TI  - Genetic variation in cytochrome P-450 and xenobiotic metabolism in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - A marked genetic variation in the capacity to perform xenobiotic metabolism was
      observed in microsomal fractions from the seven Drosophila strains studied. A 1,5
      to 2-fold variation was found in the content of cytochrome P-450 and in the NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase activity. The two insecticide-resistant strains Hikone R
      and Oregon R differed markedly when compared to sensitive strains by having a 3
      to 17-fold higher p-nitroanisole (PNA) demethylase activity and biphenyl-3
      hydroxylase activity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the microsomes
      also revealed an increased content of a protein band with an apparent mol. wt of
      54,000 in the resistant strains. The 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl was also 2-7
      fold higher in the Oregon R strain, and the band with a mol. wt of 56,000 had a
      higher protein content compared to the other strains. The biphenyl-4
      hydroxylation was several-fold lower in the strain Berlin K. 2-OH-biphenyl was
      formed only in trace amounts by all strains. 7-Ethoxycoumarin (EC) deethylase
      activity and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) monooxygenase activity was 2-6-fold lower in the
      Hikone R strain. An increased amount of the protein with a mol. wt of 58,000 was
      noted in the Canton S strain. No concomitant increase in any enzyme activity was
      observed. A genetic variation between the strains was observed after
      phenobarbital (PB) treatment in the content of cytochrome P-450 and in the
      various enzyme activities, varying from non-responsiveness to a 4- to 5-fold
      increase. Aroclor 1254 (PCB) was less efficient in enhancing the activities. It
      caused maximally a 3-fold increase, had often no effect and in some cases even
      decreased the metabolism. beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) caused only marginal
      increases in the activities in most strains. The only significant effects were an
      increased formation of 3-OH-biphenyl in Berlin K and an enhanced NADPH-cytochrome
      c reductase activity in Lausanne-S. In conclusion, the variations observed in
      this study provide a basis for further studies on the genetic regulation of the
      cytochrome P-450 system in Drosophila. Furthermore, similarities in the
      regulation when compared to mammals indicate that studies on this genetically
      well characterized organism might contribute to the general understanding of the
      genetics of xenobiotic metabolism.

PMID- 6422941
TI  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis in rabbit kidney: mepacrine inhibits renomedullary
      cyclooxygenase.
AB  - Mepacrine was found to exert a dose-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin E2
      synthesis in rabbit kidney medulla slices and in medullary microsomes. Mepacrine
      at 0.5 mM produced 90% inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis
      from added arachidonic acid. This effect results from inhibition of medullary
      cyclooxygenase; the activities of the prostaglandin G2 hydroperoxidase and the
      prostaglandin H2 isomerases are unaffected. In experiments with medulla slices
      prelabelled with [14C]arachidonate, the effect of mepacrine on the inhibition of
      [14C]prostaglandin generation was significantly higher (2.5 to 3.5-fold) than its
      inhibition of [14C]arachidonate release. Hence, although mepacrine reduces
      prostaglandin production by decreasing the lipolytic release of arachidonate from
      medullary lipids, its inhibitory effect on prostaglandin cyclooxygenase activity
      is substantial and appears to contribute significantly to its overall inhibition
      of prostaglandin generation in kidney medulla. Mepacrine is thus not only a non
      selective antilipolytic agent but also a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor.

PMID- 6422942
TI  - Glucuronide formation of various drugs in liver microsomes and in isolated
      hepatocytes from phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats.
AB  - Various substrates of rat liver microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase were
      classified in vitro as preferred substrates of either 3-methylcholanthrene- or
      phenobarbital-inducible enzyme forms. Microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
      activities towards a third group of substrates (including oestrone,
      phenolphthalein, paracetamol and oxazepam) are not markedly altered by treatment
      with either 3-methylcholanthrene or phenobarbital. Some substrates of the 3
      methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital-inducible enzyme activities were selected
      to evaluate the importance of multiple enzyme forms for glucuronide formation in
      the intact cell. The metabolism of these compounds was compared in isolated
      hepatocytes from untreated controls and from rats treated with 3
      methylcholanthrene (MC-hepatocytes) or phenobarbital (PB-hepatocytes).
      Glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was chiefly enhanced in
      MC-hepatocytes (greater than 2-fold), whereas glucuronidation of chloramphenicol
      and bilirubin was chiefly enhanced in PB-hepatocytes. These observations are in
      agreement with differential induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities
      in vitro suggesting that, besides other factors such as cofactor supply,
      physiological activators, etc., the levels of the multiple enzyme forms are
      critically determining glucuronide formation in the intact cell.

PMID- 6422943
TI  - Aminopyrine and biphenyl metabolism in cultured hepatocytes. Induction by
      alcohols.
AB  - Exposure of cultured chick embryo hepatocytes to ethanol, isobutanol, or
      isopentanol, the predominant alcohols present in commercial alcoholic beverages,
      resulted in increased metabolism of aminopyrine or biphenyl by the intact cells.
      The increases correlated with induction of cytochrome P-450. Hydroxylation of
      biphenyl at the 4-position was preferentially increased in cells pretreated with
      either the alcohols or propylisopropylacetamide, a barbiturate-like inducer of
      cytochrome P-450. In contrast, exposure of the cells to 3,4,3',4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl, a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P-450,
      resulted in preferential increased hydroxylation at the 2- and 3-positions of
      biphenyl.

PMID- 6422944
TI  - 3-N-substituted-amino-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazolines have enhanced
      activity against arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase.

PMID- 6422945
TI  - Detection of histamine receptors at cellular level.

PMID- 6422946
TI  - Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on human neutrophil functions
      in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Human blood neutrophils exposed to appropriate stimuli aggregate, degranulate and
      generate superoxide anion (O2-). These responses are anteceded by mobilization of
      membrane-associated calcium, monitored as a decrease in fluorescence of cells
      preloaded with chlortetracycline (CTC). We studied the effects, both in vitro and
      in vivo, of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (aspirin, indomethacin,
      ibuprofen and piroxicam) on these neutrophil responses to three stimuli: a
      chemoattractant, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP); a tumor
      promotor, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); and a lectin, concanavalin A (Con A).
      The effects of these drugs were compared with those of two polyenoic inhibitors
      of arachidonate metabolism: eicosatrienoic acid (ETI) and eicosatetraynoic acid
      (ETYA). The pattern of inhibition of neutrophil functions varied both with
      inhibitor and the nature of the stimulus. Thus, aspirin, piroxicam, ETYA and ETI
      inhibited neutrophil aggregation, degranulation, and O2- generation in response
      to FMLP, whereas ibuprofen inhibited only aggregation and degranulation and
      indomethacin only inhibited aggregation. None of the agents inhibited aggregation
      or degranulation induced by PMA or Con A: only piroxicam inhibited O2- generation
      in response to PMA or Con A. ETI and ibuprofen inhibited decrements of CTC
      fluorescence induced by FMLP, but whereas ETI inhibited the CTC response to PMA
      or Con A, ibuprofen was without effect. The agents had varying effects on binding
      of the stimulus [( 3H]FMLP, [3H]Con A), but these did not correlate with
      neutrophil responses to the ligands. Neutrophils from subjects taking therapeutic
      doses of ibuprofen, indomethacin, or piroxicam showed profiles of inhibited
      responses to FMLP similar to those observed with these agents in vitro. These
      data suggest that, although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may inhibit
      discrete neutrophil functions both in vitro and in vivo, their effects do not
      duplicate those of polyenoic inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism. Moreover,
      since the susceptibility of neutrophils differed not only with respect to each
      inhibitor, but also to the stimulus, it is unlikely that all neutrophil responses
      are necessarily linked by a common pathway that is blocked by inhibitors of
      arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6422947
TI  - Time-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation by dopamine and 3
      methoxytyramine. Important roles of their metabolites.
AB  - The effects of dopamine (DA) and 3-methoxytyramine (3MT) on arachidonic acid (AA)
      , collagen-, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced rabbit platelet
      aggregation were studied in relation to their metabolites in vitro. DA and 3MT
      did not inhibit AA- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation immediately after
      addition of a low concentration, but inhibition did occur, in a time-dependent
      and concentration-dependent manner, when DA and 3MT were incubated in platelet
      rich plasma (PRP). The concentration of DA and 3MT decreased time-dependently,
      and the main metabolites of DA and 3MT were 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
      (DOPAL) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (MOPAL), respectively, as
      determined by high performance liquid chromatography. These aldehydes were found
      to have potent inhibitory activities nearly equal to those of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol (MOPET) on
      both AA- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. DOPET and MOPET were detected
      only in small concentrations. Taking into account both the anti-platelet potency
      and the concentrations detected in PRP of DOPAL and MOPAL, it is concluded that
      the time-dependent inhibition of the platelet aggregation by DA and 3MT may be
      due to the mediation of their corresponding main metabolites, DOPAL and MOPAL,
      respectively, while the concentration-dependent inhibition by DA and 3MT seems to
      be largely due to an innate activity.

PMID- 6422948
TI  - Species differences in the hepatic formation of green pigments following the
      administration of norethindrone.
AB  - Metabolic activation of the ethynyl substituent of the contraceptive steroid
      norethindrone to cause the loss of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and the formation of
      green pigments has been compared in vivo and in vitro in rat, hamster, guinea
      pig, rabbit, mouse and hen and with marmoset and human liver microsomal
      preparations in vitro. In vivo green pigment accumulation in the liver 4 hr after
      the administration of norethindrone (100 mg/kg, i.p.) varied 60-fold between
      species. Male rat was the most active in this respect, the hen was the least
      active. The accumulation of green pigments in female rats was 27% that of male
      animals. This sex-dependent difference was not seen in male and female mice.
      Cytochrome P-450 destruction in vivo was also greatest in the male rat given
      norethindrone, whereas no loss was detected in the hen. In other species,
      however, the correlation between green pigment accumulation and cytochrome P-450
      destruction was not particularly good. When liver microsomes were incubated with
      norethindrone and an NADPH generating system in vitro, the ranking order between
      species with respect to the initial rates of green pigment formation was similar
      to that based on the hepatic accumulation of these compounds found in vivo. Human
      liver microsomes showed initial rates of green pigment formation which were only
      2% of that seen in the male rat. No destruction of human microsomal cytochrome P
      450 caused by norethindrone could be detected. The HPLC elution profile of the
      green pigments produced in the liver following the administration of
      norethindrone differed between species. Hepatic microsomal preparations in
      contrast, at least with short incubation times, formed only one green pigment.
      Results suggest that further metabolism of either norethindrone or the green
      pigment, involving a cytosolic factor(s), results in the varied HPLC patterns
      seen in vivo.

PMID- 6422949
TI  - Studies on the mechanisms of thallium-mediated inhibition of hepatic mixed
      function oxidase activity. Correlation with inhibition of NADPH-cytochrome c (P
      450) reductase.
AB  - Thallium (TlCl3) administration to rats produced a dose-dependent loss of hepatic
      NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase and microsomal mixed function oxidase
      activities within 2-4 hr following treatment. These changes occurred
      independently of apparent effects on microsomal heme or cytochrome P-450 content,
      both of which remained unchanged with respect to control levels despite transient
      inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and induction of heme
      oxygenase. These results are consistent with the recognized properties of
      thallium as both a flavoprotein antagonist and sulfhydryl inhibitor and differ
      uniquely from the action of other metals which impair mixed function oxidase
      activity through compromise of heme biosynthesis and heme depletion. The
      potential utility of thallium compounds in further evaluating the functional
      characteristics of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase and its role in
      microsomal oxidative processes is suggested from these observations.

PMID- 6422950
TI  - Novel mode of cytotoxicity obtained by coupling inactive anthracycline to a
      polymer.
AB  - The inactive anthracycline analog 4-demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin was
      covalently coupled to polyglutaraldehyde microspheres. The polymer-bound analog
      acquired significant cytostatic activity as evaluated with doxorubicin resistant
      and sensitive murine L1210 leukemia cells. A suggested multiple membrane
      interaction at the cell surface may represent a novel mechanism of cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6422951
TI  - Some effects of inhibitors of polyamine synthesis on experimental prostatic
      cancer.
AB  - Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal-bis(guanyl-hydrazone) (MGBG),
      inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine
      decarboxylase (AMDC), respectively, were tested in two experimental prostatic
      cancer models. DFMO resulted in a reduction in tumor size in both the rapidly
      growing R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma (30.5 +/- 15 versus 61 +/- 9.5 in
      control animals) and the human DU-145 adenocarcinomas (1.7 ml versus 3.3 ml in
      control animals) in nude mice. MGBG was tested only in the rat tumor, where it
      induced a reduction of 22.9 +/- 9.5 ml versus 61 +/- 9.5 in control animals in
      tumor size but was highly toxic. Flutamide or 9-B-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara
      A) proved ineffective per se in reducing tumor growth of the human DU-145 or of
      the R-3327-G strain, respectively, but increased the efficacy of DFMO against the
      DU-145 tumor had a high level of ODC which was reduced by DFMO of by Ara-A; the R
      3327 tumor had a low level of ODC which was too low to be decreased by DFMO.

PMID- 6422952
TI  - [Parallel resistance between cephalosporins and penicillins].
AB  - Resistance of Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefotaxime,
      cefoperazone, mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin was induced by 15 culture
      transfers at subinhibitory concentrations. Information about a possible cross
      resistance between cephalosporins and penicillins was obtained by determining the
      MIC's of the five beta-lactam antibiotics studied before and after resistance was
      induced. The highest homologous resistance is induced in Enterobacter and Ps.
      aeruginosa by cefotaxime (factors 2021 and 42.2, respectively), and in Klebsiella
      by cefoperazone (factor 64). The lowest increase in homologous resistance is
      induced in Ps. aeruginosa by cefoperazone (factor 9.9), and in Enterobacter and
      Klebsiella by mezlocillin (factor 10.6 and 4.6 respectively). Resistance induced
      by cephalosporins is often accompanied by resistance to penicillins. Such cross
      resistance is observed especially in Ps. aeruginosa and Enterobacter. Resistance
      to cephalosporins is, however, only rarely induced by penicillins. These findings
      permit the conclusion that the use of all beta-lactam antibiotics may be
      prohibited by uncritical treatment with cephalosporins. Preference should
      therefore be given to acylureidopenicillins in primary treatment of emergency
      cases.

PMID- 6422953
TI  - [Bioavailability of penicillin V in aqueous dosage forms].
AB  - The bioavailability of Megacillin-oral-Trockensaft (active substance: potassium
      salt of phenoxymethylpenicillin, penicillin V potassium) was compared with that
      of another commercially available drug containing the same active substance. In a
      cross-over study, 12 healthy volunteers were administered by oral route 10 ml of
      each preparation (equivalent to 600 000 U = 392.2 mg potassium salt of
      phenoxymethylpenicillin) under standardized experimental procedure. Relative
      bioavailability was assessed by determination of phenoxymethylpenicillin
      concentrations in the plasma, employing both microbiological assay as well as
      high-performance liquid chromatography, by computation of the areas under the
      plasma concentration curves, and by calculation of the time periods necessary for
      the attainment of maximum plasma concentrations. In order to assess differences
      between the two forms in duration of efficacy, calculation of time intervals were
      based on plasma concentrations which were above 0.5; 1.0 or 1.5 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. Results of this comparative study indicate that Megacillin-oral
      Trockensaft is superior to the other commercial preparation. The considerably
      better bioavailability of Megacillin-oral-Trockensaft is attributed to a
      substantially higher absorption rate and to a 2.4 times greater extent of
      absorption. Due to the distinct advantage in the bioavailability of Megacillin
      oral-Trockensaft peak plasma concentrations of phenoxymethylpenicillin 5-6 fold
      higher and are reached faster when compared with those following intake of the
      other form tested. In practice, the superior bioavailability of Megacillin-oral
      Trockensaft guarantees quicker initiation of therapeutic activity and greater
      safety (higher plasma concentrations, prolonged effect).

PMID- 6422954
TI  - [Oligosaccharides in the feces of malnourished children fed an elemental diet].

PMID- 6422955
TI  - Association of genetic markers with some eye diseases.
AB  - In this study ocular conditions like cataract, corneal dystrophy, retinal
      detachment, primary glaucoma, myopia and strabismus have been examined for
      certain genetic markers to estimate the relative risks involved. The incidence of
      nontasters for PTC was significantly high in cases with congenital cataract,
      aphakic retinal detachment and convergent and divergent squint as compared to
      controls. Among nontasters, the frequency of total taste blindness was strikingly
      high in the disease group as compared to controls. Blood group A individuals
      showed significantly high risk for zonular cataract, corneal dystrophy and
      convergent squint; group B individuals for zonular cataract and group O
      individuals for nuclear cataract, myopia and convergent squint. There was a high
      preponderance of non-secretors in zonular cataract and primary glaucoma cases
      when compared to controls. The incidence of HbS (one case with primary glaucoma
      and the other with granular corneal dystrophy) and HbD (one case with senile
      cataract) were considered as chance occurrences. A strong association was found
      between Hp 2-2 and retinal detachments specially those with vitreous
      degenerations. In general, when compared to controls, the frequency of Hp 2-2 was
      relatively low in nuclear, zonular, cortical and senile cataracts, while it was
      high in rest of the diseases.

PMID- 6422956
TI  - Effect of protein concentration and blood clots on the "in vitro" anti
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of cefoperazone.
AB  - The effect of the protein content in the medium and blood clots on the anti
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of cefoperazone was studied and its activity
      against strains of the bacteria in the blood clots investigated. Medium protein
      content, blood clots and the localization of the microorganism all appeared to
      effect the antibacterial activity of cefoperazone: the therapeutic implications
      of these findings are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6422957
TI  - Anti-mycobacterial activity of amikacin.
AB  - We have tested in the IUTM egg medium the susceptibility against amikacin (AKC)
      of 147 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.t.) isolated from the sputum of
      patients affected with pulmonary Tb. Only five strains showed resistance at 5 and
      10 mcg/ml: they were also resistant to other main anti-tubercular drugs (MATD).
      The other 59 strains resistant to MATD and the 82 ones without any resistance to
      MATD were found normally susceptible to AKC at 5 mcg/ml in IUTM m. The parallel
      test performed on a synthetic medium (7H10) with 10 firstly-observed strains,
      allowed us to define that AKC undergoes a 60% inactivation in the egg medium. Two
      patients suffering from chronic pulmonary Tb, with M.t. constantly isolable in
      their sputum, assumed a twice-weekly treatment (TWT) with AKC alone (total 26
      gr). This management induced in them improvement of the radiological and
      bacteriological findings, without alteration of the checking parameters.

PMID- 6422958
TI  - [Changes in serum immunoglobulins in subjects with acute myocardial infarct and
      essential hypertension].
AB  - 20 (12 men and 8 women) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 17 (14 men
      and 3 women) patients with arterial hypertension (II degrees stage according to
      OMS) in comparison to controls age and sex matched, were studied, serum IgA, IgG,
      IgM were evaluated with radial immunodiffusion and serum IgE with RIA. Ho
      significant changes ef immunoglobulins were observed between hypertensive
      patients and controls; whereas a significant increase of IgM, IgG and IgE, with
      out changes of IgA, were shown in AMI patients. Serum Ig and IgM were
      significantly augmented in AMI patients in comparison to hypertensive patients.

PMID- 6422959
TI  - [Strain-gauge plethysmographic measurement of the systemic bioavailability of
      oral nitroglycerin in liver cirrhosis].
AB  - 7 cirrhotic (M = 3, F = 4, mean age 55, range 35-74) and 7 healthy subjects (M =
      6, F = 1, mean age 24, range 23-40) were studied. 2.5mg% nitroglycerin were
      administered per os. This drug is quite completely metabolized in its first pass
      through the liver (first pass effect). Peripheric vascular effect of
      nitroglycerin was evaluated by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography, ECG
      coupled (Rest Flow measurement RF, in ml/min/100 ml). No statistically
      significant differences were found between pre-drug RF in the two groups and
      between pre and post-drug measurements in healthy subjects. Post-drug RF
      decreased in cirrhotic subjects when compared either to pre-drug values or to
      post-drug values in normal subjects (statistically significant after the third
      minute, p ranging less than 0.05 and less than 0.001). The different peripheric
      vascular effect found in the two groups was considered as a consequence of the
      increased drug bioavailability in cirrhotics, caused by portosystemic shunts.

PMID- 6422960
TI  - [The distribution of Rh blood groups in the population of Puglia].
AB  - The authors have conducted a study on the genic frequency within the Rh system in
      3.000 subjects of certain Apulia ancestry. The results, in agreement with those
      of previous authors, have demonstrated that the frequency of the haplotypes
      containing "d" appears clearly lower than the national average value.

PMID- 6422961
TI  - [Analytical description and comparison of profiles and sections of the skull by
      polynomial equations. Illustration of the procedure].
AB  - Skull profiles and related sections may be worked in order to obtain the equation
      of the curve for best fitting. Polynomials of 6-7 nth degree give very high
      values of coefficient of determination. The technique is fully automatized and
      requires a TV-camera interfaced with a computer with specific hardware devices
      and software packages. Main routine gives coefficients of the equation, their
      standard deviation, standard errors, variance and covariance matrix. Accessory
      routines provide standardization of the position and apparent size of the image
      (skull or a photograph in a appropriate view) to work. General data on the fit of
      triplets of equations (total, frontal and facial of the anterior profile) are
      reported for Proconsul africanus, Australopithecus africanus (STS5,
      Plesianthropus transvaalensis), Australopithecus africanus (Taung I),
      Australopithecus Boisei (OH5, Zinjanthropus, rec. Tobias), Homo erectus
      (Pithecanthropus, rec. Weidenreich), Rhodesia man (Broken Hill I, E686), Homo S.
      neanderthalensis (Circeo I), Homo S. Sapiens (Grimaldi s.c. negroid, Grotta dei
      fanciulli VI, Predmost I, modern), Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Macaca
      rhesus.

PMID- 6422962
TI  - [Effect of calcium ionophore (A23187) on the production of thromboxane B2 in
      human polymorphonuclear cells in vitro].
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are capable to produce prostaglandins in vivo
      and in vitro, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) which is the main metabolite of
      arachidonic acid in these cells. In the present work we studied, with
      radioimmunoassay method, the effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on PMN. This
      substance is capable to stimulate TXB2 release by PMN and its effect is inhibited
      by indomethacin.

PMID- 6422963
TI  - [Effects of radiation emission of the CO2-laser on embryonal ocular bulb tissues
      (Gallus gallus)].
AB  - The wall of the eye bulbs of 15 chick embryos, immediately after their transfer
      to Hanks fluid, was irradiated with a CO2 laser, focused on the 12th conjunctival
      papilla or on its prospective area. This 'in vitro' irradiation was performed
      under the following main parameters: (a) beam power congruent to 4W; (b) exposure
      time = 1/30 sec; (c) thickness of the fluid (Hanks solution) on the target
      surfaces = 0, 3 divided by 0, 7 mm. The same area of the eye bulb surface of
      other 15 chick embryos was irradiated 'in ovo' under the following conditions:
      (a) congruent to 4W; (b) = 1/10 sec; (c) (amniotic fluid + albumen) = 1 divided
      by 1, 5 mm. In the L/M analysis so far carried out, the lesions produced 'in
      vitro' and 'in ovo' showed a number of qualitative resemblances: i.e.,
      disappearance of epithelial cells and numerous pyknoses in the cells left 'in
      situ'; decrease in thickness of the outer layer of the scleral mesenchyme, whose
      cells appeared closer to each other-owing to reduction of the intercellular
      spaces-, and often pyknotic. It is possible that the same mechanisms underlie
      such morphological aspects, observed in both groups of irradiated eyes. On the
      other hand, some quantitative differences were observed between the 'in vitro'
      and 'in ovo' lesions, the extent in surface and depth of the latter being
      appreciably lesser. Presumably the genesis of such differences could have been
      influenced by the physico-chemical differences between the fluids covering the
      target surfaces: Hanks fluid and, respectively, amniotic fluid +
      albumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422964
TI  - [Descriptive equations of the frontal-facial profile of Australopithecus
      africanus STS5 (Plesianthropus transvaalensis)].
AB  - By means of the method previously carried-out by performing computerized image
      analysis we obtained three polinomial equations (7 degree) of best curve fitting
      for total (fronto-facial), frontal and facial profiles respectively of a standard
      lateral view of the skull Plesianthropus transvaalensis. The smooth function
      curves approximating the historical data are perfectly coincident with the
      scatter diagram for frontal (variance = 0,41) and facial (variance = 0,22)
      equations, while for the total contour variance raises to 90,8. The finding of
      the best fit equation is performed by analysis of variance simultaneously to the
      computation of the coefficients of progressively increasing order equations
      starting from the second. Then coefficient of determination, standard error of
      estimate. Standard deviations of coefficients and variance/covariance matrix are
      calculated with some dimensional parameters as length, eight and projections of
      profile, relate indexes and arc-chord ratio.

PMID- 6422965
TI  - Effect of lithium carbonate on the bone marrow of patients treated for
      haematological malignancies.
AB  - Patients suffering from haematological malignancies were treated with Li2CO3 in
      order to investigate its effect on the bone marrow depleted by cytotoxic therapy.
      The results revealed that lithium induced a great number of cells, especially
      myeloids, in the previously hypoplastic bone marrow. There was a close
      relationship between the cellularity of the bone marrow and the changes in
      peripheral WBC and granulocyte counts during lithium carbonate treatment.

PMID- 6422966
TI  - [Glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma in the brain with metaplastic bone formation--a
      case report].
AB  - The authors report a case in which left deep temporal fibrosarcoma with calcified
      area developed about 6 months after radiation therapy for left temporal
      astrocytoma. A 37 year-old woman was admitted to our clinic because of headache
      and visual deterioration. CT scan and angiography suggested left deep temporal
      glioma and on August 5, 1980, partial resection was performed. Histological
      sections showed astrocytoma G 2. Postoperative course was uneventful and she left
      the hospital after radiation therapy of 50 Gy. On March, 1981, right hemiparesis
      was noticed and progressed rapidly. CT scan suggested left temporal tumor
      recurred. On March 30, 1981, second operation was performed and this time,
      histological sections showed glioblastoma. After operation, beta-Interferon (IFN)
      was given intratumorally via Ommaya's reservoir (3 X 10(6) IU, daily). But in
      spite of IFN therapy, tumor became larger and she died on June 30, 1981. Autopsy
      revealed coexistence of glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma with metaplastic bone
      formation. A brief discussion concerning the problem of cerebral mixed tumors
      follows the description of the case.

PMID- 6422967
TI  - [Rebound phenomenon of mannitol and glycerol: clinical studies].
AB  - A rebound phenomenon after infusion of hypertonic solution of mannitol and
      glycerol on raised intracranial pressure was studied by epidural pressure
      recordings for 65 patients. The mean age of the patients was 50 years with a
      range of 29 to 73 years. The diagnoses of above patients were as follows; 29 were
      cerebral aneurysms, 19 were brain tumors, 10 were hypertensive intracerebral
      hemorrhages, 4 were cerebral contusions, 2 were arteriovenous malformations, and
      one was cerebral abscess. Four methods of infusion were performed. In group A,
      0.5 g/kg of mannitol was infused within 15, 30 or 60 minutes. In group B, 1.0
      g/kg of mannitol was infused within 30, 60 or 90 minutes. In group C, 0.5 g/kg of
      glycerol in 5% fructose was infused within 30, 60 or 90 minutes. In group D, 1.0
      g/kg of glycerol in 5% fructose was infused within 60, 120 or 180 minutes. The
      following observations were examined in all patients. (1) The occurrence of the
      rebound phenomenon. (2) The rate of the raised intracranial pressure (ICP)
      compared to the ICP before infusion of these hypertonic solutions. (3) The
      duration of the rebound phenomenon. RESULTS: A rebound phenomenon was found 23%
      in all patients, and 12% in the mannitol groups and 34% in the glycerol groups.
      The dose and the rate of mannitol infusion did not influence the occurrence of
      the rebound phenomenon. In contrast, in the glycerol groups, the infusion method
      did influence the occurrence of the rebound phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6422968
TI  - Treatment of sublingual keratosis with the CO2 laser.

PMID- 6422969
TI  - Sodium cromoglycate toothpaste in the management of aphthous ulceration.

PMID- 6422970
TI  - Measurement of lung volume by multiple indicator dilution. Differences in
      apparent volumes of distribution of oxygen, nitrogen and argon.
AB  - A variant of a rebreathing/indicator-dilution technique was used to measure lung
      volume. Two or three indicators, which should have essentially the same pulmonary
      volume of distribution, were used. Gas compositions were measured by respiratory
      mass spectrometry and an extrapolation was used to allow for oxygen consumption.
      Carbon dioxide output, for which the extrapolation did not allow, caused
      considerable discrepancies between the apparent volumes of distribution of the
      three indicators: oxygen, nitrogen and argon. The discrepancies varied with the
      change in concentration imposed between the control and rebreathing periods. An
      iterative arithmetical correction is described, with its limitations. The
      approach offers a method of lung volume measurement which seems more applicable
      to anaesthesia than existing methods.

PMID- 6422971
TI  - Rebreathing characteristics of the Bain circuit. An experimental and theoretical
      study.
AB  - The Bain circuit was studied in a model lung on the assumption that, in addition
      to the ratio of fresh gas flow to total ventilation (VFG/VE), different time
      fractions of the respiratory cycle might influence rebreathing. We found that the
      time fraction for active expiration (FEt) governed rebreathing for each VFG/VE
      value. With FEt as an independent variable, a theoretical formula was derived for
      rebreathing. Rearranging this formula made it possible to calculate the necessary
      increase in ventilation to keep end-tidal carbon dioxide constant for each
      VFG/VE. Thus, at a fresh gas flow of 70 ml kg-1 min-1, VI has to be increased 2.6
      times. For spontaneously breathing patients inhalation anaesthetics that do not
      depress carbon dioxide sensitivity seem to be better suited to use in the Bain
      circuit. The FECO2 can then be kept constant through increased ventilation in
      spite of the concomitant increase in rebreathing.

PMID- 6422972
TI  - Haemodynamics and plasma concentrations following sublingual GTN and intravenous,
      or inhaled, isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - We measured plasma nitrate levels and haemodynamics following sublingual glyceryl
      trinitrate (GTN) (0.5 mg), or isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) administered
      intravenously (0.5 mg) or by inhalation (1.25 mg) in 23 patients undergoing
      cardiac catheterisation for investigation of chest pain. Peak levels were
      detected at 90 s and 5 min following intravenous and inhaled ISDN respectively
      and at 3 min following sublingual GTN. Intravenous and inhaled ISDN produced
      similar plasma levels at 30 s and both were significantly greater than following
      sublingual GTN. Plasma levels were maintained for longer following inhaled ISDN
      than intravenous ISDN or sublingual GTN. Haemodynamic responses were
      qualitatively similar following each treatment; reduction in pulmonary vascular
      resistance and pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure occurred in
      each group. Heart rate, cardiac output and LV dP/dt.P-1 remained unchanged.
      Maximal haemodynamic responses were greater following ISDN than GTN, with little
      difference between the two preparations of ISDN. Haemodynamic responses were more
      sustained following inhaled ISDN than following sublingual GTN or intravenous
      ISDN, the latter two being similar in this respect. These findings suggest that
      inhaled ISDN may provide more rapid and sustained relief from angina than
      sublingual GTN.

PMID- 6422973
TI  - Calcium antagonists and endocrine status: lack of effect of oral verapamil on
      pituitary-testicular and pituitary-thyroid function.
AB  - Calcium ions seem to be essential for the release of many hormones. The calcium
      antagonist verapamil which is used as an anti-arrhythmic and anti-anginal agent
      has an inhibitory effect on the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),
      luteinising hormone (LH), and thyrotrophin stimulating hormone (TSH) when given
      as an intravenous infusion to normal volunteers. As verapamil is usually given
      orally we studied pituitary-testicular and pituitary-thyroid function before and
      after completing a 4-week course of oral verapamil. The oral preparation did not
      have any significant effect on the endocrine parameters studied.

PMID- 6422974
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: the monitoring of granulocyte macrophage
      colonies following the collection of bone marrow mononuclear cells and after the
      subsequent in-vitro cytolysis of OKT3 positive lymphocytes.
AB  - Marrow nucleated cells from eight normal allogeneic donors was layered on Ficoll
      Metrizoate to isolate the mononuclear cell fraction. The cells were then washed
      to remove Ficoll-Metrizoate and coagulation factors prior to resuspension in a
      balanced salt solution and the addition of the murine anti-human T-lymphocyte
      monoclonal antibody OKT3 and rabbit complement. The procedures were assessed for
      their effect on mononuclear cell viability (mean recovery 84.4%); the ability of
      the cells to proliferate granulocyte-macrophage colonies (mean recovery 57.4%);
      the in-vitro T-lymphocytolysis (mean 75.7%) and the removal of rabbit complement
      (greater than 99%). Following marrow transplantation with this treated
      mononuclear fraction the mean day to recovery of greater than or equal to 1.0 X
      10(9)/l leucocytes was 20 d, with three patients developing greater than or equal
      to Grade II acute graft versus host disease (GvHD). Thus, treatment of donor
      marrow with OKT3 and complement in a large volume system was not detrimental to
      subsequent engraftment, nor effective in complete T-lymphocytolysis, nor in
      prevention of severe GvHD.

PMID- 6422975
TI  - Response of factor XII to DDAVP in patients with Hageman factor deficiency.

PMID- 6422976
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine on menstrual cycle length.
AB  - Forty-seven women with regular ovulatory menstrual cycles and normal plasma
      prolactin levels were treated with different doses of bromocriptine, and changes
      in follicular and luteal phase length determined by daily estimation of plasma
      gonadotrophin concentration. Follicular phase length was highly significantly
      reduced from a median duration of 12.7 days in the basal cycle to 11.7 days in
      the first treatment cycle, and to 10.7 days during the second treatment cycles.
      The length of the luteal phase was unaltered by treatment with bromocriptine.
      Reduction of follicular phase length was not influenced by the dose of
      bromocriptine used, and it is concluded that this effect is a consequence of the
      reduction of plasma prolactin concentration.

PMID- 6422977
TI  - Haemostatic and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid in the menstrual
      cycle.
AB  - The haemostatic and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid aspirated during
      laparoscopy were studied in a group of 49 women, 12 patients during the
      follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and 37 during the luteal phase.
      Haemoglobin concentration and platelet count were low and similar in the pre- and
      post-ovulatory groups. Factor VIII was present in low concentrations both in the
      pre- and post-ovulatory period. The fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic activity as
      judged by measurements of plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, fibrinogen
      degradation products, fibrinogen and antithrombin III, rose significantly in the
      postovulatory period. It is concluded that the fibrinolytic activity of the
      peritoneal fluid depends on the stage of the menstrual cycle and is higher during
      the luteal phase.

PMID- 6422978
TI  - Lipoprotein levels during hormone replacement therapy by vaginal ring pessaries.
AB  - Nineteen women who had had a surgical menopause had a vaginal ring pessary
      containing levonorgestrel and oestradiol in situ for a period of 3 months.
      Fasting lipoprotein levels were measured before, and after 1 and 3 months on
      therapy. After 3 months total triglyceride levels were significantly lower than
      baseline values (P less than 0.01) as were very-low-density-lipoprotein
      cholesterol (P less than 0.01), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (P less than
      0.05) and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (P less than 0.001) levels. These
      changes suggest that in this preparation the effects of the progestogen component
      are dominant.

PMID- 6422979
TI  - Immunoassay of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level in uveitis.
AB  - The serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level was measured in 60 patients with endogenous
      uveitis, 27 patients with phacoallergic endophthalmitis, 12 patients with
      phacolytic glaucoma, and 58 healthy subjects. Thirty-four patients with
      endogenous uveitis were also followed up for 6 months after treatment, and the
      serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level was measured again. There was a significant rise
      in the serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level in cases of endogenous uveitis and
      phacoallergic endophthalmitis but no alteration in cases of phacolytic glaucoma.
      Among the patients with endogenous uveitis the level was significantly raised in
      cases of anterior uveitis, but there was no change in cases of posterior uveitis.
      A significant rise was seen only in cases of acute anterior uveitis but not in
      chronic anterior uveitis. The serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level was unaltered in
      endogenous uveitis despite clinical improvement.

PMID- 6422980
TI  - Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism in human peripheral blood
      leucocytes: comparison with the rat.
AB  - Peripheral blood leucocytes from human male volunteers and from male rats were
      incubated in vitro in the presence of 14C-labelled linoleic acid [( 14C]LA) or 3H
      labelled arachidonic acid [( 3H]AA). The time-course of [14C]LA and [3H]AA
      incorporation into human leucocyte total lipids was maximal at 80-90% of the
      initial dose within 20-30 min of dosing the cells. Compared with mixed
      leucocytes, isolated polymorphonuclear leucocytes were only marginally different
      in the differential incorporation of [14C]LA and [3H]AA into total lipids. In
      human leucocytes, [14C]LA was incorporated initially into triglycerides but
      predominantly into phosphatidylcholine thereafter. In the rat, [14C]LA remained
      as the free acid (63%), with lesser amounts entering the phospholipids (9%),
      monoglycerides-diglycerides (12%) and triglycerides (less than 1%). Utilization
      of [14C]LA by the delta 6-desaturase was only a minor route of its metabolism in
      both human and rat leucocytes. 3H-labelled prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha
      accounted for up to 30% of the radioactivity released into the incubation medium
      from human leucocytes incubated with [3H]AA for 60 min. Stimulation of
      phagocytosis in the human leucocytes with latex beads or with unopsonized zymosan
      did not alter the differential incorporation of [14C]LA or [3H]AA into the
      leucocyte lipid fractions.

PMID- 6422981
TI  - The effects of dietary tryptophan levels on growth and metabolism of rainbow
      trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (mean weight 14 g) were given diets
      containing 0.8, 1.3, 2, 3, 4 or 6 g tryptophan/kg diet for 12 weeks. By analysis
      of the growth results, the dietary requirement of tryptophan was found to be 2.5
      g/kg diet (equivalent to 50 mg/kg biomass per d). Carbon dioxide expired by trout
      following intraperitoneal injection of [14COOH]tryptophan contained little
      radioactivity when dietary tryptophan level was low but, above 2.0 g/kg diet, it
      increased rapidly with increasing dietary tryptophan level. The break point in
      the dose-response curve did not, however, coincide with that from the growth
      results. Changes in concentrations of free tryptophan in blood and liver and
      activity of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase (EC 1. 13. 11. 11) in response to
      changes in dietary tryptophan concentration did not provide reliable indicators
      for quantifying dietary requirement. Unlike the situation in mammals, blood
      tryptophan was not protein-bound to any appreciable extent. Tryptophan pyrrolase
      of trout has properties which suggest it has no apoenzyme form. In fish given
      adequate levels of tryptophan injected intraperitoneally with a tracer dose of
      [14COOH]tryptophan, 60% of the dose was incorporated into body protein within 1
      d. The turnover of the label in this protein is very slow. Those trout given
      diets deficient in tryptophan suffered from severe scoliosis and lordosis as well
      as having increased liver and kidney levels of calcium, magnesium, sodium and
      potassium.

PMID- 6422982
TI  - Cross-linking of the anticodon of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
      acetylvalyl-tRNA to the ribosomal P site. Characterization of a unique site in
      both E. coli 16S and yeast 18S ribosomal RNA.
AB  - The nucleotide residues involved in the cross-link between P site bound
      acetylvalyl-tRNA (AcVal-tRNA) and 16-18S rRNA have been identified. This cross
      link was formed by irradiation of Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis AcVal
      tRNA bound to the P site of E. coli ribosomes or by irradiation of E. coli AcVal
      tRNA bound to the P site of yeast ribosomes. The three cross-linked RNA
      heterodimers were obtained in 10-35% purity by disruption of the irradiated
      ribosome-tRNA complex with sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. After total digestion with RNase T1, and labeling at either the
      5'- or the 3'-end, the cross-linked oligomers could be identified and isolated
      before and after photolytic splitting of the cross-link. One of the oligomers was
      shown to be UACACACCG, a unique rRNA nonamer present in an evolutionarily
      conserved region. This oligomer was found in all three heterodimers. The other
      oligomer of the dimer had the sequence expected for the RNase T1 product
      encompassing the anticodon of the tRNA used. The precise site of cross-linking
      was determined by two novel methods. Bisulfite modification of the
      oligonucleotide dimer converted all C residues to U, except for any cross-linked
      C which would be resistant by being part of a cyclobutane dimer. Sequencing gel
      analysis of the UACACACCG oligomer showed that the C residue protected was the 3'
      penultimate C residue, C1400 in E. coli rRNA or C1626 in yeast rRNA.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6422983
TI  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique for determination of the cross
      linked nucleotides in cleavable covalent RNA-RNA complexes. Application to
      Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis acetylvalyl-tRNA covalently linked to E.
      coli 16S and yeast 18S ribosomal RNA.
AB  - We have developed a new method which yields in a single step the site of cross
      linking between two oligonucleotides covalently linked by a cleavable bond. The
      isolated duplex, labeled at both 5'-ends, is split randomly and then analyzed by
      diagonal gel electrophoresis with cleavage of the cross-link between the two gel
      dimensions. Digestion products which do not contain the cross-link migrate along
      the diagonal, while products resulting from cleavage of the cross-link migrate as
      off-diagonal products. The site of cross-linking is determined by analysis of
      both diagonal and off-diagonal products. This method was successfully applied to
      three different oligonucleotide duplexes isolated by T1 RNase digestion from
      Escherichia coli tRNA covalently linked at the ribosomal P site to either
      Escherichia coli 16S RNA or yeast 18S RNA and from Bacillus subtilis tRNA cross
      linked to Escherichia coli 16S RNA. The site of cross-linking was unambiguously
      localized to C1400 in Escherichia coli 16S RNA and to the equivalent position,
      C1626, in yeast 18S RNA. Direct evidence was also provided for the participation
      of the wobble base (c)mo5U34 of the tRNA in the cross-link. Furthermore, our
      results exclude the possibility of minor cross-linking sites at other positions.
      This new method is reliable, rapid, and easy to handle and should be applicable
      to any cleavable covalent RNA-RNA duplex. Furthermore, it is sensitive to certain
      aspects of the steric conformation of such covalent duplexes.

PMID- 6422984
TI  - Purification and characterization of the sex steroid binding protein from macaque
      serum. Comparison with the human protein.
AB  - The sex steroid binding protein (SBP) of Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina
      sera has been purified to homogeneity and chemically characterized. The native
      protein is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of approximately 88 000 and
      is composed of two similar subunits of molecular weight 47 000 as estimated by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. One molecule of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone is bound per dimer with a KD equal to 1.6 nM at 11 degrees C.
      Isoelectric focusing patterns reveal the presence of at least 12 different forms
      of dimeric SBP molecules probably resulting from the presence of different
      amounts or types of carbohydrate side chains. The data indicate a very close
      similarity in molecular and steroid-binding properties to human SBP and establish
      the macaque monkey as a valuable animal model to study the physiological role of
      SBP in humans.

PMID- 6422985
TI  - 2-[8-14C]naphthyl 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate, a new carbene generating
      reagent for probing hydrophobic membrane domains.
AB  - A new precursor of a lipophilic photolabel, 2-[8-14C]naphthyl 2-diazo-3,3,3
      trifluoropropionate (NADIT) has been synthesized. The suitability of the reagent
      for labeling the hydrophobic core of membranes is demonstrated by studying its
      reactivity in chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum G-9+. The label binds
      preferentially to the phospholipids and intrinsic membrane proteins. In isolated
      reaction centers treated with NADIT the hydrophobic subunits M and L are more
      labeled than the H subunit. The high reactivity, dark stability and ease of
      synthesis favors this very lipophilic reagent to identify the intrinsic
      hydrophobic sections of membrane proteins.

PMID- 6422986
TI  - Feedback inhibition of sodium uptake in K+-depolarized toad urinary bladders.
AB  - Ouabain-blocked toad urinary bladders were maintained in Na+-free mucosal
      solutions, and a depolarizing solution of high K+ activity containing only 5 mM
      Na+ on the serosal side. Exposure to mucosal sodium (20 mM activity) evoked a
      transient amiloride-blockable inward current, which decayed to near zero within
      one hour. The apical sodium conductance increased in the initial phase of the
      current decay and decreased in the second phase. The conductance decrease
      required Ca2+ to be present on the serosal side and was more rapid when the
      mucosal Na+ activity was higher. At 20 mM mucosal Na+ and 3 mM serosal Ca2+ the
      initial (maximal) rate of inhibition amounted to 20% in 10 min. The conductance
      decrease could be accelerated by raising the serosal Ca2+ activity to 10 mM. The
      inhibition reversed on lowering the serosal Ca2+ to 3 microM and, in addition,
      the mucosal Na+ to zero. Exposure of the mucosal surface to the ionophore
      nystatin abolished the Ca2+ sensitivity of the transcellular conductance, showing
      that the Ca2+-sensitive conductance resides in the apical membrane. The data
      imply that in the K+-depolarized epithelia, cellular Ca2+, taken up from the
      serosal medium by means of a Na+-Ca2+ antiport, cause feedback inhibition by
      blockage of apical Na+ channels. However, the rate of inhibition is small, such
      that this regulatory mechanism will have little effect at 1 mM serosal Ca2+ and
      less than 20 mM cellular Na+.

PMID- 6422987
TI  - Kinetic studies of latent microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferases. Kinetics of
      glucuronidation in intact and perturbant-treated membranes.
AB  - Double-reciprocal plots (with UDP-glucuronate as varied substrate) of the rate of
      glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol by the latent UDP-glucuronyltransferases of
      intact guinea pig and rat liver microsomal membranes (prepared with 154 mM KCl
      and 0.25 M sucrose) were continuously curved concave-downwards. Good fits to the
      kinetic data were obtained by using two different calculation methods which
      assume that two forms (high K and low K) of the transferase catalyse the reaction
      simultaneously. No evidence of cooperativity in binding of UDP-glucuronate to the
      enzyme was found. When latency of the enzymes of these preparations was destroyed
      by disrupting the membranes with Triton X-100 or lysophosphatidylcholine, double
      reciprocal plots were linear. With guinea pig membranes, lysophosphatidylcholine
      generated an activated single-enzyme form obeying the simple Michaelis-Menten
      rate law; K for the activated species was close to that (K1) for the native low K
      form and its value of V was greater than the combined maximum velocities (V1 +
      V2) of the two forms in intact membranes. With rat membranes, both perturbants
      produced a single activated form also with V greater than (V1 + V2) and with K2
      greater than K greater than K1. These results are discussed and are consistent
      with the view of transferase latency which envisages that there are two
      populations (buried and exposed) of enzyme molecules in intact microsomal
      membranes. The effects of membrane perturbants on the kinetic parameters of the
      two native transferase forms were assessed by accounting for the possibility that
      the reactivity of the buried transferase is controlled by the rate of transport
      of UDP-glucuronate across the membrane matrix. The data are compatible with a
      model which supposes that UDP-glucuronate gains access to the buried population
      by a process with the kinetic characteristics of a facilitated transport system.

PMID- 6422988
TI  - Potent inhibitory effects of tyrosine metabolites on dihydropteridine reductase
      from human and sheep liver.
AB  - L-Phenylalanine and its metabolites, such as phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate and L
      phenyllactate, do not significantly inhibit dihydropteridine reductase purified
      from human and sheep liver (I50 greater than or equal to 5 mM). However, L
      tyrosine and its metabolites, such as L-DOPA, tyramine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate,
      p-hydroxyphenylacetate, and p-hydroxyphenylacetate, are potent noncompetitive
      inhibitors of this enzyme, with Ki values in the range 4-260 microM. These
      results suggest that tyrosine metabolites can potentially regulate levels of
      tetrahydrobiopterin, the required cofactor for the hydroxylation of aromatic
      amino acids.

PMID- 6422989
TI  - Selective chemical modification of a functionally linked lysine in cytochrome P
      450 LM2.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) has been selectively bound to the epsilon-amino
      group of lysine-382 in cytochrome P-450 LM2 (RH, reduced-flavoprotein: oxygen
      oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.14.1) at pH 8.15. Benzphetamine N
      demethylase activity of the reconstituted FITC-modified cytochrome P-450 LM2 was
      inhibited by 25%. This inhibition has been shown to be due to an impaired
      electron transfer from the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (NADPH:
      ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) to the haemoprotein. The data
      indicate that cytochrome P-450 interacts with the flavoprotein via electrostatic
      interactions.

PMID- 6422990
TI  - Thermoadaptive regulation of microsomal desaturase and electron-transport enzyme
      activities in lipid-manipulated Tetrahymena cells. Extent of unsaturated fatty
      acid production is dependent on membrane fluidity before temperature down-shift.
AB  - Exposure of Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1 to chimyl alcohol (1-O-hexadecyl
      glycerol) produced a reproducible enhancement in unsaturated fatty acids and a
      great decrease in order parameter (S), which result from the 2-fold increases of
      stearoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA desaturase activities in microsomes. When the chimyl
      alcohol-fed cells were shifted from 34 to 15 degrees C (down-shift), unlike the
      drastic increases in palmitoyl-CoA, stearoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA desaturase
      activities in the native cells, there was only a slight increase in palmitoyl-CoA
      desaturase activity with a parallel rise in the activity of the terminal
      component (cyanide-sensitive factor; CSF) of the desaturase system. During cold
      acclimation, the decrease of order parameter in chimyl alcohol-fed cells was
      smaller than that in native cells, since the order parameter had already been
      decreased by the addition of chimyl alcohol before the shift. These results
      suggest that chimyl alcohol-fed cells are easily able to accomplish temperature
      acclimation without requiring great modification of fatty acid composition and
      membrane fluidity, while the non-fed control cells have difficulty doing so.

PMID- 6422991
TI  - Role of calcium ions the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant.
AB  - Pulmonary surfactant isolated by centrifugation in buffers containing ions
      contains at least three different morphologic structures. The presence of one of
      these, tubular myelin, is dependent on calcium ions, since chelation of the
      calcium ions causes disruption of this structure. Addition of EDTA also decreases
      the ability of the surfactant to absorb rapidly to air-water interfaces and lower
      surface tension. Titration with calcium ions (2.5 or 5 mM) restores rapid surface
      adsorption and restores the tubular myelin structural forms. Magnesium ions
      cannot substitute for calcium ions in these processes. The reversibility of
      structure and function induced by calcium ions and EDTA is also accompanied by
      reversible isopycnic density shifts probably related to aggregation and
      disaggregation of the lipid-protein complex with calcium ions and EDTA,
      respectively.

PMID- 6422992
TI  - Induction by lysophospholipids of CoA-dependent arachidonyl transfer between
      phospholipids in rat platelet homogenates.
AB  - Rat platelet homogenates are able to catalyze CoA-mediated, ATP-independent
      transfer of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids to added
      lysophospholipids. Homogenates of platelets prelabelled with radioactive
      arachidonic or oleic acid were incubated in the presence of CoA and various
      lysophospholipids. Transfer observed with arachidonic acid-labelled platelets was
      dependent on the lysophospholipid added. When 1-alkenyl- or 1
      acyllysophosphatidylethanolamine was used, there was a more efficient arachidonyl
      transfer from phosphatidylcholine than from phosphatidylinositol to the
      phosphatidylethanolamine fraction. Lysophosphatidylserine also accepted
      arachidonyl from phosphatidylcholine. Addition of lysophosphatidylcholine
      resulted in a decrease in the labelling of phosphatidylinositol and to a lesser
      extent of phosphatidylethanolamine with concomitant transfer to
      phosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatic acid did not act
      as substrate for this transfer reaction. Free, non-radioactive arachidonic acid
      did not compete for the labelled arachidonic acid transfer. This pathway may play
      a major role in the synthesis of arachidonyl species of phosphatidylethanolamine
      and phosphatidylserine and for the arachidonyl transfer to the
      phosphatidylethanolamine plasmologen in stimulated platelets.

PMID- 6422993
TI  - Products of phosphatidylglycerol turnover in two Bacillus strains with and
      without lipoteichoic acid in the cells.
AB  - In order to understand the phosphatidylglycerol turnover mechanism, especially
      the differential turnover of diacylated and unacylated glycerol moieties of the
      lipid, products of phosphatidylglycerol metabolism were surveyed in vivo in
      Bacillus subtilis W23 and an alkalophile, Bacillus sp. strain A007. When cells of
      B. subtilis W23 labeled with radioactive glycerol were chased, lipoteichoic acid
      accumulated 90% of the radioactivity lost from the unacylated glycerol moiety of
      phosphatidylglycerol. Also, lipids other that phosphatidylglycerol, except
      diacylglycerol, and glycerol and glycerophosphate incorporated much less
      radioactivity. The [32P]phosphoryl group was also transferred from
      phosphatidylglycerol to lipoteichoic acid almost quantitatively in B. subtilis
      W23. A unique metabolism of phosphatidylglycerol was found in Bacillus sp. strain
      A007 which lacked phosphoglycolipid and lipoteichoic acid, that is, the turnover
      of phosphatidylglycerol of this organism was less extensive compared with that of
      B. subtilis W23, and both glycerol moieties of the lipid were metabolized at an
      identical rate. These results suggested that the major reaction involved in the
      turnover of phosphatidylglycerol was the transfer of glycerophosphate residue to
      lipoteichoic acid in a bacterium which possessed lipoteichoic acid and that
      several minor reactions also were involved in phosphatidylglycerol turnover.

PMID- 6422994
TI  - NADPH-dependent reduction of ubiquinone-1 associated with the superoxide-forming
      oxidase of pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - NADPH-dependent ubiquinone-1 reductase activity was present in the phagocytic
      vesicles of pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The apparent Km-value of the
      reductase for NADPH was 29 microM which is similar to that of the NADPH-dependent
      superoxide formation. Increase of the quinone-reductase activity by increasing
      the concentrations of ubiquinone-1 was associated with the decrease of the
      superoxide forming activity, the rate of the NADPH oxidation being constant
      independent of the quinone concentration. p-Chloromercuribenzoate inhibited both
      superoxide formation and reduction of the quinone, whereas low concentrations of
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide which inhibit the superoxide formation did not
      inhibit the reduction of the quinone. The reduction of 2,6
      dichlorophenolindophenol which has been shown not to be inhibited by both
      inhibitors. The quinone-reductase activity could be extracted with a mixture of
      deoxycholate and Tween 20 which extracts the superoxide forming activity. The
      observations indicate that a region of the superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase
      between a mercurial-sensitive site and a site sensitive to the cationic detergent
      is responsible for the reduction of ubiquinone.

PMID- 6422995
TI  - Creatine kinase in regulation of heart function and metabolism. II. The effect of
      phosphocreatine on the rigor tension of EGTA-treated rat myocardial fibers.
AB  - Bundles of rat cardiac fibers were treated with EGTA to increase the permeability
      of the sarcolemma to ions and small molecules. In the medium without calcium, the
      EGTA-treated fibers developed rigor tension dependent on the concentration of
      MgATP in the bathing solution: half-maximal tension was recorded at 2.5 mM MgATP
      and maximal tension at 0.1 mM MgATP in the medium. However, in the presence of 15
      mM phosphocreatine without added creatine kinase a decrease of MgATP
      concentration to 0.1 mM did not result in any development of rigor tension.
      Phosphocreatine prevented rigor tension development in the absence of added MgATP
      when MgADP was added. In the presence of MgADP, phosphocreatine decreased rigor
      tension more rapidly and to a higher extent than added MgATP. At 5 mM MgADP, half
      maximal rigor tension was observed in the presence of 2 mM phosphocreatine which
      is close to the Km value for phosphocreatine in the creatine-kinase reaction.
      These results demonstrate that the intact creatine kinase in the EGTA-treated
      fibers with increased sarcolemmal permeability is able to ensure rapid
      replenishment of MgATP in the myofibrillar compartment at the expense of
      phosphocreatine. The data obtained conform completely to the concept of adenine
      nucleotide compartmentation in cardiac cells and of energy channelling by the
      phosphocreatine-creatine shuttle mechanism.

PMID- 6422996
TI  - Transport and metabolism of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by Rhodotorula glutinis.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose transport by Rhodotorula glutinis is an active process. The
      intracellular concentration of free deoxyglucose after 15 min incubation of
      Rhodotorula cells with this sugar was 230 times the extracellular concentration.
      Although cell extracts at this time contained more 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate
      than deoxyglucose, pulse-labelling experiments demonstrated that deoxyglucose is
      transported as the free sugar and subsequently phosphorylated. After transport,
      Rhodotorula cells metabolize deoxyglucose. The major metabolites during 30-90 min
      incubations were determined to be 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, 2-deoxy-D
      glucitol, 2-deoxy-D-gluconate and 2,2'-dideoxy-alpha, alpha'-trehalose.
      Rhodotorula glutinis also degrades deoxyglucose to CO2. The concentrations of
      intermediates in this pathway were too low to detect and resolve in extracts of
      control cells. In 2,4-dinitrophenol-poisoned cells, however, it appears that
      deoxyglucose degradation is restricted largely to loss of C-1 as CO2 and it was
      possible to identify 1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate as an intermediate presumably
      arising from metabolism of deoxyglucose by the oxidative portion of the hexose
      monophosphate pathway.

PMID- 6422997
TI  - Inhibitory effect of diethylstilbestrol on histamine release by rat mast cells
      and its relation to the cellular ATP content.
AB  - The effect of diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, on mast cell secretion
      was investigated. The results showed that 50 microM diethylstilbestrol inhibited
      histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in the presence and absence of
      glucose, but did not affect 45Ca uptake stimulated by concanavalin A.
      Diethylstilbestrol also inhibited histamine release induced by compound 48/80,
      exogenous ATP, or ionophore A23187. Since estradiol benzoate, hexestrol and
      daidzein were not inhibitory, the inhibitory action of diethylstilbestrol must be
      independent of its estrogenic activity. The ATP content of mast cells decreased
      to less than 0.1 nmol/10(6) cells on treatment with 50 microM diethylstilbestrol
      at 37 degrees C for 15 min. This effect of diethylstilbestrol in decreasing the
      ATP content of mast cells correlated well with its inhibitory effect on histamine
      release. Diethylstilbestrol at 50 microM depleted the cells of ATP at 37 degrees
      C, but not at 0 degrees C, whereas [3H]diethylstilbestrol ( [monoethyl
      3H]diethylstilbestrol) binding to rat mast cells was the same at 0 and 37 degrees
      C. It is concluded that diethylstilbestrol reduced the ATP content of rat mast
      cells by inhibiting metabolism of the cells, and consequently inhibited
      degranulation.

PMID- 6422998
TI  - [Kinetic characteristics of the translation of rat liver mitochondria incubated
      under various conditions].
AB  - The mode of distribution of labelled amino acids between the nascent and
      completed polypeptides during incubation of rat liver mitochondria in vitro was
      studied. This distribution corresponds to protein synthesis of uneven type with a
      sharp deceleration (pause) during the translation of the middle part of mRNA. The
      correspondence manifests itself in the fact that i) regular increment of
      radioactivity of nascent and completed polypeptides in coupled mitochondria was
      observed in interval less then ts (time necessary for the synthesis of an average
      polypeptide), and, ii) serine hydroxamate or norleucine have much less effect on
      the labelling of total protein as well as on the duration of synthesis of an
      average polypeptide, as could be expected from their inhibition of unmasked
      elongation. The duration of an expected pause during translation might exceed 4
      fold the time necessary for elongation of the largest part of the polypeptide.

PMID- 6422999
TI  - [Covalent modification of glycogen synthase I in rabbit skeletal muscle by 5'
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyl derivatives of uridine].
AB  - Preincubation of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase I with 5'(p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)uridine (p-FSBU) or 5'-(m-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)uridine (m
      FSBU) results in a decrease of the enzymatic activity with time. UDP, the product
      of the glycogen synthase reaction, protects the enzyme against inactivation. It
      was shown that the covalent binding of the enzyme with each of its inhibitors is
      preceded by the formation of a reversible complex with Ki = 0.285 and 1.820 mM
      for p-FSBU and m-FSBU, respectively. This reaction is of pseudo-first order with
      respect to the inhibitors. The K2 values for p-FSBU and m-FSBU are nearly
      identical, i. e. 0.050 and 0.042 min-1, respectively, which suggests modification
      of the same functional group of the enzyme. The number and reactivity of the SH
      groups of glycogen synthase I were determined, using 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). The total number of SH-groups determined in the
      presence of 8 M urea is six as calculated per enzyme monomer. In the native
      enzyme DTNB titrates two SH-groups which according to their reactivity can be
      subdivided into 2 groups. The more reactive SH-group is localized in the active
      center of the enzyme. p-FSBU induces covalent blocking or screening of this SH
      group during specific interaction with the active site of glycogen synthase I.

PMID- 6423000
TI  - [Reconstitution of the monooxygenase system in a solution and in an immobilized
      phospholipid layer].
AB  - To clarify the molecular organization of NADH- and NADPH-dependent microsomal
      redox systems their isolated purified carriers were incorporated into immobilized
      azolectin layer with a higher viscosity than that of the liposomes. It was shown
      that the NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity characterizing the NADH-cytochrome
      b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 interaction sharply decreased in the immobilized
      system as compared to that in solution. However, the activity of hydroxylase
      reactions catalyzed by immobilized NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and
      cytochrome P-450 was the same as in solution. This, the reconstitution in the
      immobilized phospholipid layer allowed to characterize NADH-cytochrome b5
      reductase as a system operating on occasional collisions of its components. On
      the contrary, the diffusion of the NADPH-dependent redox chain carriers was not
      the rate-limiting step of the reaction.

PMID- 6423001
TI  - [Animal lipoxygenase: activation of reticulocyte lipoxygenase during interaction
      with natural and artificial membranes].
AB  - The rate of oxidation of exogenous arachidonate by homogenous samples of
      lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocyte cytosol is significantly increased in the
      presence of various biological membranes (mitochondria, microsomes, erythrocyte
      ghosts, etc.). Unlike reticulocyte lipoxygenase, the rate of arachidonate
      oxidation by soybean lipoxygenase I in the presence of biomembranes is
      considerably reduced. The rate of arachidonate oxidation by reticulocyte
      lipoxygenase is also strongly increased in the presence of artificial membranes,
      e. g. liposomes from various phospholipids.

PMID- 6423002
TI  - [Informosome formation in maturing amphibian oocytes].
AB  - [14C]Uridine and/or RNA-binding [3H]protein preparations were microinjected into
      the oocytes of Rana temporaria frog. It was shown that both labelled compounds
      are incorporated into RNP particles with the buoyant density in CsCl
      characteristic of informosomes and with a homogeneous sedimentation distribution
      in sucrose gradients. Injection of actinomycin D into recipient oocyte leads to
      inhibition of synthesis of the informosome RNA component as well as to the
      incorporation of RNA-binding [3H] proteins into free informosomes. The results
      obtained provide experimental proofs for the assumption that the RNA-binding
      proteins under study form complexes predominantly with newly synthesized RNA.

PMID- 6423003
TI  - Presence of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator in uterine fluid of the western
      spotted skunk during delayed implantation.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that protease inhibitors would be
      present in uterine fluids of the western spotted skunk during the period of
      delayed implantation but would decline or disappear during implantation. Blood
      plasma, uterine flushings and medium from endometrial cultures were collected 40
      70 days preimplantation (Stage 1), 20-25 days preimplantation (Stage 2), 1-3 days
      preimplantation (Stage 3) and 1-5 days postimplantation (Stage 4). Protein
      content of the flushings was low in Stage 1 (12.9 +/- 3.0 micrograms), increased
      slightly (21.8 +/- 6.4 micrograms) during Stage 2 and increased markedly in
      Stages 3 (99 +/- 44.8 micrograms) and 4 (256 +/- 150 micrograms). No protease
      activity was detected in any fluid at any stage. Uterine flushings, however,
      contained an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PA) of apparent molecular weight
      approximately 70,000. The total amount of inhibitor increased as pregnancy
      progressed, but specific inhibitory activity was highest during Stages 1 and 2
      (1.7 and 3.2 units/micrograms protein, respectively) and declined in Stages 3 and
      4 (1.2 and 0.6 units/micrograms protein, respectively). The inhibitor was present
      in medium from uterine cultures but was low in plasma. All of the fluids could
      inhibit trypsin, but not plasmin. The antitrypsin activity in uterine fluids is
      attributed to plasma transudate. The results demonstrate an inhibitor of PA in
      skunk uterine fluids but show no temporal relationship between its presence and
      the period of obligate delay of implantation.

PMID- 6423004
TI  - Neonatal androgenization in the male rat: evidence for central and peripheral
      defects.
AB  - Studies were conducted to evaluate the development of the reproductive axis of
      the male rat androgenized with low-dose, chronic exposure to testosterone. Male
      rats were implanted with a testosterone-containing Silastic capsule on the day of
      birth. Capsules were left in the animals for 10 days, 20 days or permanently.
      Results indicate that in androgenized (A) rats, the weights of the testes (T),
      ventral prostate (VP) and seminal vesicles (SV) were significantly depressed in
      most age groups when compared to controls (C), regardless of the duration of
      capsule retention. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone
      (LH) and prolactin (Prl) levels were not altered in adult (85 and 100 days old) A
      rats, but FSH and LH did show significant changes in young animals with
      testosterone-filled capsules. The efficacy of testosterone in promoting VP and SV
      growth, and increasing protein/DNA ratios in castrated A rats was significantly
      reduced compared to C rats, but it was increased with respect to suppression of
      LH secretion. Results suggest that a low, chronically administered dose of
      testosterone during the early neonatal period can produce permanent changes in
      the reproductive axis of the male rat and that these changes may be both central
      (hypothalamo-hypophysial) and peripheral (testes and accessory structures).

PMID- 6423005
TI  - Production of all follicle-stimulating hormone isohormones from a purified
      preparation by neuraminidase digestion.
AB  - Graded removal of sialic acid residues from a purified preparation of rat
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; NIADDK-FSH-I-5) by neuraminidase digestion
      resulted in the production of FSH isohormones with isoelectric points identical
      to those found within pituitary tissue. In addition, each neuraminidase-produced
      FSH form exhibited a radioreceptor assay:radioimmunoassay ratio similar to that
      of its endogenously produced counterpart. Thus, the molecular basis for FSH
      microheterogeneity appears to be due to the varying degree of sialylation into a
      common FSH protein core. We have demonstrated that the pituitary gland produces
      different amounts of these FSH isohormones depending upon the surrounding
      endocrine environment. The results of the present studies suggest the existence
      of biochemical mechanisms within the pituitary that influence sialic acid
      incorporation into FSH. These mechanisms appear to be sensitive to the
      surrounding hormonal milieu and serve to alter the intensity of the FSH stimulus
      delivered to the gonad.

PMID- 6423006
TI  - Characteristics of proteoglycans isolated from small and large bovine ovarian
      follicles.
AB  - Acetone precipitates of bovine follicular fluid from small (3-5 mm) and large (10
      20 mm) follicles were fractionated by nondissociative procedures involving
      chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, DEAE cellulose, and Sepharose CL-2B. Most of
      the proteoglycan material eluted with a relatively low molecular weight (Kav =
      approximately 0.6) from Sepharose CL-2B. Comparisons of the proteoglycans from
      small versus large follicles showed respective differences of 20 versus 34%
      protein, 74 versus 48% chondroitin sulfate-B, and 4 versus 8% other sugars. The
      protein moiety of the proteoglycan from small follicles exhibited greater
      proportions of aspartic acid, serine and glycine, but lower proportions of
      theonine, alanine and valine, than its analog from large follicles.
      Chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B in 4 M guanidine-HCl failed to alter the
      elution position of the proteoglycans. However, noticeable decreases occurred in
      the protein and total amino acid content of the proteoglycans, especially from
      large follicles, suggesting preparations obtained from the nondissociative
      procedures contained aggregates of peptides, glycosaminoglycans, and/or
      proteoglycan fragments. Proteoglycans from both sizes of follicles were enriched
      in serine, glutamic acid and glycine, but diminished in leucine and lysine
      following the dissociative gel filtration. Differences in composition of the
      proteoglycans may be related to follicular differentiation.

PMID- 6423007
TI  - Complete suppression of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone in castrated male and
      female rats during continuous administration of porcine follicular fluid.
AB  - The effects of continuous i.v. infusion of porcine follicular fluid (PFF),
      presumed to contain inhibin activity, on plasma gonadotropin levels were
      investigated in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. One group each of male
      and female rats was castrated just prior to the start of treatment of 10-day
      duration (ACUTE). Another ACUTE group of females was treated for 30 days. A final
      group of female rats was ovariectomized 3 months before the start of treatment of
      10-day duration (CHRONIC). When administered at a dosage of 1.0 mg/100 g body
      weight/24 h, charcoal-extracted PFF suppressed plasma follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) concentrations to hypophysectomy levels within 48 h and maintained
      these levels for 10 days in all groups treated. In the ACUTE group of female rats
      treated for 30 days, FSH suppression was maintained during infusion up to 20
      days. This inhibition became attenuated after 25 days of treatment and completely
      disappeared by 30 days. There was no discernible effect of PFF on luteinizing
      hormone (LH) concentrations at any time. Upon cessation of PFF treatment at 10
      days in both ACUTE and CHRONIC ovariectomized rats, FSH levels rebounded to
      normal ovariectomy control concentrations within 2-4 days. Porcine serum (PS) was
      similarly extracted and administered as a control substance. It exerted no
      detectable effect on either FSH or LH concentrations in ACUTE or CHRONIC
      castrated rats. These results demonstrate that PFF alone is capable of maximally
      suppressing FSH secretion when administered by continuous infusion. This finding
      is especially significant considering that such a pronounced effect was obtained
      in the total absence of gonadal steroids.

PMID- 6423008
TI  - The calcium-calmodulin system: participation in the regulation of steroidogenesis
      at different stages of granulosa cell differentiation.
AB  - The involvement of the calcium-calmodulin system in the gonadotropic regulation
      of granulosa cell steroidogenesis during follicular development was assessed by
      comparing the effects of agents known to alter calcium metabolism or calmodulin
      activity on gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone production by rat granulosa
      cells at different stages of cellular differentiation. Granulosa cells from
      pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-injected rats (PMSG-cells) could be stimulated
      to produce steroids by both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
      hormone (LH), whereas those from 17 beta-estradiol-pretreated animals (E2-cells)
      only responded to to FSH. Although PMSG-cells demonstrated greater capacities for
      adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and progesterone production,
      their sensitivity to the various agents tested was similar to that of the E2
      cells. [Ethylene-bis(oxyethylene-nitrilo)] tetraacetic acid (EGTA) markedly
      reduced both basal and FSH-stimulated progesterone production by both cell
      preparations. Verapamil, an agent which inhibits cellular uptake of calcium,
      attenuated cyclic AMP and progesterone production by both cell groups at similar
      concentrations. Calcium ionophore A23187, a stimulator of cellular calcium
      uptake, significantly stimulated progesterone production by both E2-cells and
      PMSG-cells. While FSH-stimulated progesterone production by both cell groups was
      lowered by the calmodulin inhibitor, 1-[bis(p-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[2,4
      dichloro-beta-(2,4-dichlorobenzy loxy) phenethyl] imidazolium chloride (R24571),
      cyclic AMP production by PMSG-cells in response to both FSH and LH was
      significantly reduced by R24571 and trifluoperazine (TFP), another calmodulin
      inhibitor. These findings indicate that the calcium-calmodulin system is involved
      in the regulation of granulosa cell steroidogenesis by both FSH and LH. Its
      participation in the gonadotropic regulation is independent of the stage of
      follicular maturation and cellular differentiation.

PMID- 6423009
TI  - An evaluation of the in vivo metabolism of cystine in Escherichia coli using
      stable isotopes.
AB  - The incorporation of deuterated serine into cysteine during the metabolism of
      cystine by Escherichia coli was studied in order to determine the extent to which
      the carbon-sulfur bond(s) of the cystine is cleaved. The results indicate that
      the major route (approximately 80%) for cystine metabolism consists of a
      reductive cleavage of the cystine disulfide bond to form cysteine. Evidence is
      presented which shows that a portion of the remaining cystine is broken down by a
      pathway(s) which results in cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond of the cystine.
      This pathway would be the same as that expected for the beta-elimination of
      pyruvate from cystine catalysed by the enzyme beta-cystathionase. In addition, a
      small portion of the resulting cysteine is shown to undergo a reversible
      dissociation to serine and hydrogen sulfide. Evidence is presented which shows
      that this dissociation is caused by the enzyme cysteine synthetase [O-acetyl-L
      serine acetate-lyase (adding H2S)].

PMID- 6423010
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of a novel sustained release dosage form of
      valproic acid in dogs.
AB  - A new sustained release dosage form of valproic acid (VPA) was developed. The new
      sustained release dosage form was administered (twice, with and without food) to
      five dogs in comparison to a standard tablet (Depakine, Labaz) and an i.v.
      preparation of the drug. Drug level monitoring in the plasma was performed by a
      GLC assay. Results indicate that the sustained release formulation exhibited a
      more prolonged and uniform absorption rate, yielded more sustained plasma levels
      after ingestion, and showed an overall bioavailability of 0.84 (95 per cent C.I.
      = 0.72, 0.96) relative to an equivalent dose of a conventional tablet.

PMID- 6423011
TI  - [Teratogenic effect of thiophosphamide on mice of different genotypes].
AB  - It has been shown that 101/H mice differ from CBA mice by a higher sensitivity to
      the teratogenic action of the alkylating agent thiophosphamide.

PMID- 6423012
TI  - Distribution of antigens defined by OKB monoclonal antibodies on benign and
      malignant lymphoid cells and on nonlymphoid tissues.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies OKB1, OKB2, OKB4 and OKB7 have been previously shown to
      detect distinctive antigens displayed on B, but not on T, lymphocytes. Benign and
      malignant lymphoid cells were investigated for their reactivity with these
      antibodies in cell suspension by indirect immunofluorescence and in cryostat
      tissue sections by the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. Fetal
      liver pre-B cells and pre-B and common type acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
      isolated from 15 patients were OKB1-OKB2+OKB4-OKB7-. All mature lymphoid tissue B
      cells and the neoplastic cell surface immunoglobulin-positive (SIg+) B cells
      isolated from each of 47 B cell neoplasms were OKB2+. OKB1 and OKB7 were
      expressed by interfollicular, follicular center, and many, but not all, mantle
      zone B cells. OKB4 was expressed by follicular center cells, but not by mantle
      zone or interfollicular B cells. The neoplastic SIg+ B cells isolated from 45 of
      47 B cell malignancies were OKB1+OKB4+, and those isolated from 45 of 46 B cell
      malignancies were OKB7+. The neoplastic B cells of one mantle zone lymphoma were
      OKB1-, of one small lymphocytic cell lymphoma were OKB7-, of one large cell
      lymphoma were OKB4-, and of one small lymphocytic cell lymphoma with a monoclonal
      gammopathy were OKB1-OKB4-. Normal and myeloma plasma cells were OKB-. The
      malignant T cells isolated from 12 T cell neoplasms were OKB2-OKB4-, but were
      OKB1+ and/or OKB7+ in 3 cases. Thus, the OKB antibodies appear to detect
      distinctive antigens that may be expressed at different stages of B cell
      differentiation. In addition, OKB4 reacted with selected renal and respiratory
      epithelium, and OKB2 reacted with a wide range of epithelial tissues. The OKB
      antibodies should prove useful in the investigation of B cell differentiation and
      may aid in the identification and characterization of lymphoproliferative
      malignancies with significant therapeutic and prognostic differences not
      identifiable by conventional histopathologic and immunologic methods.

PMID- 6423013
TI  - Sedimentation analysis of von Willebrand and factor VIIIC protein using partition
      cells in the analytical ultracentrifuge.
AB  - Sedimentation analysis of factor VIII complex was performed in the analytical
      ultracentrifuge using partition cells. This method allowed for the calculation of
      three different sedimentation coefficients from each run: one based on ristocetin
      agglutination activity for von Willebrand protein, SWF; one based on coagulant
      activity for factor VIIIC, SVIIIC; and one based on the schlieren or adsorption
      data for protein concentration, Sconc. In most cases, there was no agreement
      between the three values calculated from the same run, indicating a heterogeneous
      system. The calculated functional sedimentation coefficients give values that
      require the molecules to be highly asymmetric to be consistent with a
      glycoprotein of high molecular weight, which is in agreement with results
      observed in electron microscope studies. The dissociation of VIIIC into a smaller
      form can be demonstrated by this method. Determination of the three sedimentation
      coefficients in a series of fractions from gel filtration indicates a uniform
      size for the VIIIC activity but not for the WF activity. These observations are
      in agreement with the concept of a copolymer between WF and VIIIC and also with
      the concept of separate polymers for the two activities.

PMID- 6423014
TI  - Laboratory studies to develop general principles for the adjuvant treatment of
      breast cancer with antiestrogens: problems and potential for future clinical
      applications.
AB  - The general pharmacology of tamoxifen in animals and man is reviewed with
      particular reference to the long-term adjuvant therapy of node-positive breast
      cancer. Rats with dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinomata have
      been used extensively as a laboratory model to study hormone-dependent cancer.
      The administration of a 30-day course of tamoxifen (50 micrograms daily) starting
      5, 15, 30, or 50 days after DMBA caused a delay in tumor appearance and decrease
      in the cumulative number of tumors that were induced by 200 days. Similarly, the
      administration of increasing doses of tamoxifen (0.2, 3, 50, and 800 micrograms
      daily) between 30 and 60 days after DMBA produced a dose-related delay in tumor
      appearance and a decrease in the cumulative number of tumors at 200 days. Since
      the tumors that were induced after tamoxifen still responded to ovariectomy,
      tamoxifen appears to act as an inhibitor of the tumor cell cycle rather than as a
      tumoricidal agent in this model. This principle was exemplified by comparing a
      short course (30 day) with a continuous course (170 day) of tamoxifen initiated
      30 days after DMBA. The short course of therapy only delayed tumor appearance
      whereas continuous therapy maintained 90% of the animals in a tumor-free state.
      These data strongly support the use of long-term (up to five-year) adjuvant
      therapy with tamoxifen in patients as a suppressive therapy for hormone-sensitive
      metastases.

PMID- 6423015
TI  - Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate in pulmonary hypertension of chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; 10 mg) or nitroglycerin
      (NTG; 1 mg) on pulmonary hemodynamics, gas exchange and pulmonary function were
      studied during right heart catheterization in two series of 27 patients with
      COPD. An immediate significant decrease of pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac
      output and work of the right ventricle was obtained with both drugs, but NTG only
      was able to reduce the pulmonary vascular resistance. Arterial oxygen tension did
      not decrease, but venous O2 tension did, with no change in blood lactate. NTG had
      also a slight bronchodilating effect. After chronic use, no improvement of
      pulmonary function or gas exchange was observed but NTG lowered pulmonary
      vascular resistances significantly. The effects observed during the acute study
      were reproduced after six weeks with the same doses of both drugs. NTG appears
      effective in reducing pulmonary arterial hypertension mainly by vasodilation
      while the ISDN effect seems due only to the decreased cardiac output.

PMID- 6423016
TI  - Capsaicin inhalation in man and the effects of sodium cromoglycate.
AB  - The inhalation of capsaicin for 1 min, delivered as an aerosol by nebulising
      solutions of capsaicin at concentrations of 2-65 mumol 1(-1), caused dose
      dependent coughing in normal volunteers and subjects with mild asthma. Capsaicin
      did not cause a feeling of breathlessness, and had no effect on forced expiratory
      volume in 1 s (FEV1) measured at the 1st, 5th and 9th min after the challenge was
      completed. Coughing started within seconds of applying the face mask, continued
      throughout the minute of capsaicin inhalation, and stopped within seconds of the
      mask being removed. In any one subject the number of coughs was reproducible when
      repeated on the same day or after an interval of several days. Experiments using
      local anaesthesia applied to the buccal mucosa or larynx indicated that the cough
      was caused by the stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive nerve terminals situated in
      the larynx. Cough response was not altered by the prior inhalation of sodium
      cromoglycate.

PMID- 6423017
TI  - Increased sensitivity of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in the
      presence of carbon dioxide.
AB  - The effects of carbon dioxide on citrated human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have
      been studied as a means of imitating the changes in pH and PCO2 observed in
      inflammation and tissue fluid stasis. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced
      platelet aggregation was inhibited in CO2-treated PRP. In contrast, CO2-treated
      platelets were rendered up to eight times more sensitive to sodium arachidonate
      and this effect could be imitated by the addition of exogenous calcium 1 min
      before the addition of arachidonate. The effects of CO2 on ADP-induced and
      arachidonate-induced aggregation were abolished if the CO2 was allowed to
      disperse from treated PRP subsequently exposed to air, suggesting no permanent
      alteration in platelet metabolism. The increased sensitivity of arachidonate
      induced aggregation with lowered pH may be a significant factor in influencing
      platelet behaviour in haemostasis.

PMID- 6423018
TI  - In vivo platelet aggregation in the rat: dependence on extracellular divalent
      cation and inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Using the Technicon Autocounter, the mechanisms involved in collagen-induced
      platelet aggregation in vivo have been studied without the interference of an
      anticoagulant. Extracellular divalent cation was essential for in vivo platelet
      aggregation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs completely inhibited the
      aggregation induced by collagen in platelet-rich plasma in in vitro or ex vivo
      studies. In vivo only a maximum of 50% inhibition was achieved when release of
      thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was completely inhibited. Therefore in vivo, collagen
      causes aggregation through more than one pathway which operate independently of
      each other and which are all dependent on extracellular divalent cation. In vivo,
      when different doses of collagen were compared, aggregation produced by low doses
      of collagen was more dependent upon prostaglandin endoperoxide/TXA2 formation.

PMID- 6423019
TI  - Lymphocytes sensitize rat isolated atria to the inotropic and chronotropic
      effects of sodium arachidonate.
AB  - Normal human lymphocytes (4 X 10(5) ml-1) incubated with sodium arachidonate (8 X
      10(-7)M) (NaA-L) induced a strong enhancement of the tension and frequency of
      spontaneously beating rat atria. Normal human lymphocytes (L) or NaA alone at 8 X
      10(-7)M did not modify this contractile activity. Between 2 X 10(-6)M to 1 X 10(
      5)M NaA alone increased the tension of the atria without effect on the rate. In
      the presence of L (4 X 10(5) ml-1) the dose-response curve to NaA shifted to the
      left, the potency and the efficiency of NaA were enhanced and the chronotropic
      action was triggered. Inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin 1 X 10(-6)M or
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 1.8 X 10(-4)M) completely blocked the positive
      inotropic effect induced by NaA alone. Inhibitors of lipoxygenase/s
      (nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) 1 X 10(-5)M or 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
      (ETYA) 1 X 10(-7)M did not modify this effect. Indomethacin and ASA did not block
      the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of the lower concentration of NaA
      L and significantly reduced the inotropic effect of the higher ones. NDGA and
      ETYA shifted to the right the inotropic and chronotropic dose-response curve to
      NaA-L. FPL-55712 (1 X 10(-7)M), the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS
      A) antagonist, significantly reduced the overall inotropic and chronotropic
      effect of NaA-L. Direct contact of NaA-L with the atria was not necessary. Cell
      free supernatants of L exposed to NaA increased the tension and the frequency of
      beating rat atria. 7 The stimulatory effect of NaA-L supernatants did not occur
      if rat atria had been previously incubated with NDGA 1 x 10-5 M. On the other
      hand, the generation of stimulatory products from NaA-L was not prevented by
      preincubating L with 1 x 10-5 M NDGA. Hence SRS-A and/or other oxidative
      metabolites of arachidonic acid were produced by the atria. 8 These results
      suggest that NaA-L react in vitro with spontaneous beating rat atria, inducing
      inotropic and chronotropic effects. Moreover, the stimulatory action of NaA
      itself was potentiated by L. These reactions involved a balance between cyclo
      oxygenase and lipoxygenase oxidative products with a central role for SRS-A.

PMID- 6423020
TI  - A 1H n.m.r. study of the role of the glutamate moiety in the binding of
      methotrexate to Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase.
AB  - The binding of a series of amide derivatives of methotrexate to Lactobacillus
      casei dihydrofolate reductase has been studied by inhibition constant
      measurements and by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. Amide modification of the alpha
      carboxylate of methotrexate was found to prevent interaction of the gamma
      carboxylate with the imidazole of His 28. Estimates of the contributions to the
      binding energy from the alpha-carboxylate-Arg 57 and gamma-carboxylate-His 28
      interactions have been made from a combination of inhibition and n.m.r. data.

PMID- 6423021
TI  - The effects of arachidonic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on
      intrapulmonary airways of the guinea-pig.
AB  - A method is described in which changes in intrapulmonary airway tone of guinea
      pig isolated lungs are reflected by changes in intraluminal perfusion pressure. A
      supramaximal dose of arachidonic acid (AA) (61 microM) was found to have little
      on no action on baseline perfusion pressure. However, following elevation of
      perfusion pressure with histamine, AA caused a dose-dependent pressure decrease.
      This was also mimicked by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and PGE2. AA induced a
      reduction of histamine elevated perfusion pressure which was inhibited, dose
      dependently, by several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents including
      indomethacin, phenylbutazone, aspirin, benoxaprofen, BW755C and phenidone. Their
      respective rank order of potency appeared to correlate with their activity
      against microsomal cyclo-oxygenase. Indomethacin, phenylbutazone and aspirin
      induced augmentation of the elevated perfusion pressure due to histamine, whereas
      BW755C did not. We suggest that the primary arachidonate metabolite present in
      intrapulmonary airways following histamine-induced constriction is probably a
      relaxant of the E series. However, our data suggest that both cyclo-oxygenase and
      lipoxygenase products are associated with the maintenance of airway tone.

PMID- 6423022
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on blood
      flow and cyclo-oxygenase products in rat skin allografts.
AB  - Using skin blood flow as a measurement of skin graft rejection in rats, it has
      been shown that in both isografts and allografts the blood flow at first
      increases above the normal, after which the flow in isografts returns to normal
      while that in allografts ceases at the onset of rejection. Cyclosporin A (CSA) 5
      40 mg kg-1 intramuscularly produced a dose-related inhibition of graft rejection
      and the pattern of blood flow in the treated allografts became similar to that in
      isografts in that it remained about 20% above normal throughout the period of
      treatment. Indomethacin (Indo), inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase and benoxaprofen
      (Ben), inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, caused an enhancement of
      the onset of rejection and an early cessation of blood flow in allografts. The
      total content of 4 cyclo-oxygenase products (COP), (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2
      alpha, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2] increased both in isografts and
      allografts, but when individual COP were expressed as a percentage of the total,
      only 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin) increased in
      allografts. This increased proportion was reduced to normal by a dose of CSA
      which prolonged graft survival. Indo and Ben partially inhibited COP formation
      and in particular that of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. In addition, CSA caused a dose
      related inhibition of the prostacyclin produced by zymosan-activated macrophages.
      These findings in the rat suggest that prostacyclin is partly responsible for the
      increase in blood flow in allografts prior to rejection; that CSA inhibits both
      the recruitment of prostacyclin-producing macrophages and prostacyclin formation
      directly; and that inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase enhance skin graft rejection by
      abrogating the immunoregulatory activity of prostacyclin.

PMID- 6423023
TI  - Nitroglycerine-induced biphasic relaxation in vascular smooth muscle of rat
      aorta.
AB  - Nitroglycerine induced biphasic relaxation in the rat aorta, previously
      contracted by noradrenaline; a rapid decrease in tension was followed by a
      gradual increase reaching a steady level below the control contractile tension.
      No initial transient relaxation was induced by nitroglycerine in high K
      stimulated muscle. The initial transient relaxation, but not the sustained
      relaxation, was dependent on the concentration of external K; maximum relaxation
      was observed in the presence of 2.7 mM K solution and only a slight relaxation
      was observed in 0 mM or 10.8 mM K solution. The initial transient relaxation was
      also inhibited by ouabain or low Na solution. On an appropriate increase in the
      concentration of external K, noradrenaline-induced contraction was transiently
      relaxed. Previous application of nitroglycerine potentiated this K-induced
      relaxation. Pretreatment of the muscle with methylene blue, an inhibitor of
      guanylate cyclase, inhibited both the initial transient and the sustained
      relaxations induced by nitroglycerine, but not the K-induced transient
      relaxation. It is suggested that the nitroglycerine-induced initial transient
      relaxation, but not the sustained relaxation, may be due to a stimulation of an
      electrogenic Na pump. Both relaxation phases may be mediated by cyclic GMP.

PMID- 6423024
TI  - The demented elderly admitted to a psychogeriatric assessment unit. Changes in
      disability and outcome from 1977-1982.
AB  - Forty-one demented patients admitted to a psychogeriatric assessment unit in 1977
      78 were matched by diagnosis, sex and living group prior to admission with forty
      one patients admitted to the same Unit in 1981-82. While the two cohorts showed
      no significant difference in their overall levels of disability at the time of
      admission, the latter group were more disabled at the time of discharge and were
      more likely to be placed in long-stay hospital care. The 1981-82 cohort stayed
      significantly longer in the assessment unit. These differences suggest that
      health and social service resources are failing to keep pace with the rising
      numbers of demented elderly patients.

PMID- 6423025
TI  - The cost of radiotherapy treatments on a linear accelerator.

PMID- 6423026
TI  - A simple isocentric technique for irradiation of the breast, chest wall and
      peripheral lymphatics.
AB  - The major problem with the standard technique for irradiation of the breast or
      chest wall and peripheral lymphatics is field matching at the junction between
      the supraclavicular and tangential fields. Overdosing or under-dosing across the
      junctions is unavoidable because of beam divergence. Various techniques using a
      half-blocked supraclavicular field in conjunction with special tangential fields
      have been introduced recently to eliminate the junction problem; they are,
      however, complicated, involving couch motions and machine isocentre repositioning
      when changing from the supraclavicular to the tangential fields. The breast
      treatment technique which we have used over the past twelve months utilises a
      supraclavicular half-blocked field, two tangential half-blocked fields and an
      optional posterior axillary field. The technique is simple and easy to set up
      since the same machine isocentre is used for all treatment fields and no couch
      movement or patient repositioning is required. The same half-block collimator
      which is used to define the caudad border of the supraclavicular field is used to
      define the cephalad edges of the two tangential fields. The margin of error of
      treatment is reduced and the dose measurements demonstrate excellent dose
      homogeneity through the entire treatment volume with no overdose or underdose at
      the field junction.

PMID- 6423027
TI  - Intramural gastric diverticula: a report of three cases.
AB  - Intramural gastric diverticula are true diverticula, entirely contained within
      the wall of the stomach without deformity of the serosa. All of the 13 known
      reported cases are at the greater curvature of the distal antrum. This is true of
      our three cases as well. The unique location and characteristic change in shape
      with peristalsis distinguish them from pathological entities.

PMID- 6423028
TI  - Management of enterocutaneous fistulas: a review of 132 cases.
AB  - The development of an enterocutaneous fistula has frequently been reported as
      being attended by a high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease who have high output, small bowel fistulas. We report
      a series of 114 patients who required treatment for 132 fistulas during the
      period 1976-1981. Fifty-one fistulas originated in the jejunum and ileum, and
      forty-eight patients had Crohn's disease. The majority of patients required
      surgical intervention and parenteral nutrition was required in forty-eight cases.
      Using an integrated programme of nursing, medical and surgical care, the overall
      healing rate was 90.9 per cent and the mortality 5.3 per cent. With the
      therapeutic methods currently available, an unacceptably high mortality rate in
      these patients can be avoided.

PMID- 6423029
TI  - Alcoholic liver disease in the 1980s.

PMID- 6423030
TI  - Risks from radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6423031
TI  - The treatment of myopia.

PMID- 6423032
TI  - Poliomyelitis vaccine precautions.

PMID- 6423033
TI  - Prostacyclin--powerful, yes: but is it useful?

PMID- 6423034
TI  - Legislation and teenage sex.

PMID- 6423035
TI  - Role of spleen in immune response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine.
AB  - The immune response of lymphocytes to subcutaneously administered pneumococcal
      vaccine was studied in five patients without spleens and in five healthy
      subjects. Seven days after immunisation circulating B cells synthesising IgG
      antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (anti-PCP) appeared in both groups.
      Twenty one days after vaccination this B cell population had disappeared and a B
      cell subset which secreted IgM and IgG anti-PCP in the presence of pokeweed
      mitogen was detected in the normal but not in the splenectomised subjects. In the
      splenectomised group polyclonal IgM synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen was
      defective. It was concluded that the early events of the immune response to PCP
      may be mediated by lymph nodes but that, later, the spleen acquires a central
      role in producing lymphocyte subsets capable of synthesising specific antibodies
      and that this might explain the increased sensitivity of splenectomised subjects
      to pneumococcal infection.

PMID- 6423036
TI  - Neutropenia due to beta lactamine antibodies.
AB  - Neutropenia developed in 13 patients during treatment with beta lactamines. The
      time of onset ranged from eight to 27 days after beginning treatment and occurred
      with doses as low as 40 mg/24 hours. Concomitant symptoms were eosinophilia,
      rashes, and fever. Leucoagglutinins were detected in eight out of nine patients
      by the microleucoagglutination technique. Clinical and serological findings
      suggested that neutrophils become sensitised as a result of absorption on the
      cell membrane of drug-antibody immune complexes. An immune mediated pathogenesis
      for neutropenia induced by beta lactamine seems highly probable.

PMID- 6423037
TI  - Protein composition of urinary casts from healthy subjects and patients with
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Urinary casts from 46 healthy volunteers and 60 patients with glomerulonephritis
      were examined for the presence of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and other proteins.
      All samples gave immunofluorescence evidence of Tamm-Horsfall protein in casts.
      Casts from 59 of the patients but only three of the controls contained other
      proteins in addition (p less than 0.001). Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were
      detected in casts from 53 of the patients but none of the healthy volunteers.
      Examination of urinary casts for immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrin provides
      a non-invasive method for distinguishing patients with active glomerular disease.

PMID- 6423038
TI  - Change in risk factors for coronary heart disease during 10 years of a community
      intervention programme (North Karelia project).
AB  - A comprehensive community based programme to control cardiovascular diseases was
      started in North Karelia, Finland, in 1972. Reductions in smoking, serum
      cholesterol concentrations, and blood pressure were among the central
      intermediate objectives. The effect of the programme during the 10 year period
      1972-82 was evaluated by examining independent random population samples at the
      outset (1972) and five (1977) and 10 (1982) years later both in the programme and
      in a matched reference area. Over 10 000 subjects were studied in 1972 and 1977
      (participation rate about 90%) and roughly 8000 subjects in 1982 (participation
      rate about 80%). Analyses were conducted of the estimated effect of the programme
      on the risk factor population means by comparing the baseline and five year and
      10 year follow up results in the age range 30-59 years. The effect of the
      programme (net reduction in North Karelia) at 10 years among the middle aged male
      population was estimated to be a 28% reduction in smoking (p less than 0.001), a
      3% reduction in mean serum cholesterol concentration (p less than 0.001), a 3%
      fall in mean systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001), and a 1% fall in mean
      diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05). Among the female population the
      reductions were respectively, 14% (NS), 1% (NS), 5% (p less than 0.001), and 2%
      (p less than 0.05). During the first five years of the project (1972-7) the
      programme effectively reduced the population mean values of the major coronary
      risk factors. At 10 years the effects had persisted for serum cholesterol
      concentrations and blood pressure and were increased for smoking.

PMID- 6423039
TI  - Impaired elimination of metronidazole in decompensated chronic liver disease.

PMID- 6423040
TI  - Transient retinal ischaemia induced by nifedipine.

PMID- 6423041
TI  - Enderley group.

PMID- 6423042
TI  - Bedside haematology: new facility in general practice.
AB  - A technique has been developed for performing rapid white cell counts and
      differential white cell counts at the bedside which uses a pocket McArthur
      microscope and a development of Field's staining technique. A fixed volume thick
      film technique is used for the total white cell count that uses the minimum of
      equipment, all of which is disposable. In a study of samples from 88 patients
      using the thick film technique and standard laboratory techniques the thick film
      counts fell within 1.1 X 10(9)/1 (mean) of the standard laboratory count. This
      compares with a value of 1.0 X 10(9)/1 (mean) for within laboratory variability,
      using different electronic counters on the same specimen.

PMID- 6423043
TI  - Impact of audit on preventive measures.
AB  - The results of two reviews of practice records for information about various
      preventive measures are reported. The reviews were conducted two and a half years
      apart in the same 29 practices, on roughly 6500 records on each occasion. The
      first review was carried out during a postgraduate education course involving
      audit. Two main analyses were undertaken: one concerned with the entire record
      sample and the other with the individual practice results. Important and
      substantial improvements were shown in both analyses, which were spread
      throughout the practices and were not confined to practices at the lower end of
      the range simply "catching up." The change between the reviews in the mean
      recorded rates for cervical cytology was 56% to 64%; for rubella immunity 28% to
      40%; for polio immunity in adults 15% to 21%; for completed primary immunisation
      68% to 78%; for recorded blood pressure 53% to 61%; and for smoking information
      22% to 30%. Improvement has been steady but the rate of improvement, especially
      for recording blood pressure and rubella immunity, has increased since the
      postgraduate education course.

PMID- 6423044
TI  - Clinical importance of acquired cystic disease of the kidney in patients
      undergoing dialysis.
AB  - From 1976 to 1982 five patients undergoing haemodialysis at Oxford Renal Unit
      suffered serious complications from acquired cystic disease of the kidney and two
      died as a direct result. Clinical features seen were pain, haematuria, palpable
      renal enlargement, massive haemorrhage, resolution of anaemia, and metastatic
      malignancy. The clinical histories emphasise the features of a disease that is
      likely to assume increasing importance in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

PMID- 6423045
TI  - Influence of imaginative teaching of diet on compliance and metabolic control in
      insulin dependent diabetes.
AB  - Dietary non-compliance is an important cause of poor metabolic control in insulin
      dependent diabetes. Patients are often blamed, but teaching methods may be at
      fault, so a prospective study was set up to compare the effect of three different
      teaching methods. After a three month run in, 40 adults with longstanding poorly
      controlled insulin dependent diabetes (mean haemoglobin A1 13.0%) were allocated
      at random to three teaching methods: conventional diet sheet instruction (group
      1); practical lunchtime demonstrations (group 2); videotape education (group 3).
      Knowledge was assessed by questionnaires, compliance by seven day food records,
      and glycaemic control by serial glycosylated haemoglobin measurements. During six
      months of follow up there was no improvement in knowledge, compliance, or HbA1 in
      group 1, but in groups 2 and 3 both knowledge and compliance improved. In group 2
      HbA1 fell to 10.6 (SD 2.1)% and in group 3 to 9.6 (2.3)%. The change in HbA1
      showed an appreciable correlation with dietary compliance as judged by day to day
      consistency in carbohydrate intake. These findings show that new and interesting
      educational methods can have a major influence on knowledge, compliance, and
      metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6423046
TI  - Infantile scurvy: the centenary of Barlow's disease.

PMID- 6423047
TI  - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases. Genital herpes.

PMID- 6423048
TI  - Organisation of prison medical services.

PMID- 6423049
TI  - Addiction to aerosol treatment.

PMID- 6423051
TI  - Treatment of detainees in South Africa.

PMID- 6423050
TI  - Long term domiciliary oxygen treatment.

PMID- 6423052
TI  - Deaths associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 6423053
TI  - Whooping cough and pertussis vaccination.

PMID- 6423054
TI  - Head injuries in adults.

PMID- 6423055
TI  - Protein creatinine index and Albustix in assessment of proteinuria.

PMID- 6423056
TI  - Where's the block?

PMID- 6423057
TI  - Death in the street.

PMID- 6423058
TI  - Prophylaxis in haemophilus meningitis.

PMID- 6423059
TI  - Early diagnosis and treatment of steroid induced avascular necrosis of bone.

PMID- 6423060
TI  - Effect of aspirin in "aspirin sensitive" patients.
AB  - Eighteen patients with a history of urticaria or asthma, or both, induced by
      aspirin were studied before and after provocation of symptoms with aspirin. The
      plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha concentration, which was characteristically raised
      before challenge, fell significantly at the time of adverse reactions. Repeated
      administration of aspirin up to a dose of 650 mg daily induced tolerance in most
      of the patients, and several developed bronchodilator responses to aspirin.
      Although median total IgE concentrations may be raised in patients with aspirin
      sensitivity, it appears likely that pharmacological rather than immunological
      mechanisms are chiefly responsible for the phenomena of aspirin sensitivity and
      desensitisation.

PMID- 6423061
TI  - Clinicopathological observations on metastasis in man studied in patients treated
      with peritoneovenous shunts.
AB  - Fourteen patients with inoperable cancer treated with peritoneovenous shunts for
      malignant ascites were studied post mortem. Clinical observations and findings at
      necropsy indicated that peritoneovenous shunting does not result in the
      establishment of clinically important haematogenous metastases and that
      metastases do not necessarily develop even when large numbers of viable tumour
      cells regularly enter the blood. Peritoneovenous shunting provides a unique
      opportunity for collecting data on the spread of tumours in man.

PMID- 6423062
TI  - Smoking and ulcerative colitis.
AB  - In a case-control study of smoking and ulcerative colitis patients with the
      disease were much less likely to smoke than community controls matched for age
      and sex. The difference was substantial, with an estimated relative risk of 3.8
      for non-smoking on current habits, was even larger (6.2) when habits at onset of
      the disease were examined, and was mainly accounted for by 42 of 55 patients who
      had given up smoking a mean of eight years before onset. The association could
      not be explained by confounding by social class. These findings suggest that
      smoking directly or indirectly confers protection against ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 6423063
TI  - Reduced serum free thyroxine concentration in postmenopausal women receiving
      oestrogen treatment.
AB  - Thyroid hormone state was assessed in a group of postmenopausal women who had
      received long term treatment with oestrogen. Serum concentrations of total
      thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine binding globulin were raised compared
      with those in a control group given placebo; serum concentrations of thyroid
      stimulating hormone did not differ between the groups. Oestrogen treatment
      resulted in a significant decrease in the serum free thyroxine concentration and
      in the ratio of thyroxine to thyroxine binding globulin, which supports the view
      that oestrogen is the causative factor of the physiological reduction in free
      thyroid hormone during pregnancy.

PMID- 6423064
TI  - Food hypersensitivity made life threatening by ingestion of aspirin.

PMID- 6423065
TI  - Effect of seat belt legislation on injuries in road traffic accidents in
      Nottingham.

PMID- 6423066
TI  - Quality control of home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations.

PMID- 6423067
TI  - Detachment of crash helmets during motorcycle accidents.

PMID- 6423068
TI  - Hypermagnesaemia and hypophosphataemia after ingestion of magnesium sulphate.

PMID- 6423069
TI  - Vocational training. Choosing a practice.

PMID- 6423070
TI  - Practice research. Training for general practice: clinical behaviour in trainers
      and trainees.
AB  - A study of 20 trainers and their trainees in general practice showed that
      trainees had a statistically significant improvement in their diagnosis of otitis
      media during their trainee year and also became quicker in the time taken for
      history taking and examination. There was a fall in trainees' prescribing of
      antibiotics for otitis media during the study but this was accompanied by a
      notable rise in prescribing of decongestant-antihistamine mixtures to a level
      similar to that of the trainers. Trainees seemed to accept readily their
      trainers' prescribing policies and were hesitant to challenge them. An important
      finding was that trainees had little influence on trainers' prescribing, the
      latter showing no appreciable changes during the study.

PMID- 6423071
TI  - The British National Food Survey as a major epidemiological resource.

PMID- 6423072
TI  - Necessary safeguards when prescribing opioid drugs to addicts: experience of drug
      dependence clinics in London.

PMID- 6423073
TI  - Kiellands forceps delivery.

PMID- 6423075
TI  - Doctors and the Russian birth rate.

PMID- 6423074
TI  - Clinical curio: hypothermia caused by treatment of a scald.

PMID- 6423076
TI  - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases. Methods of control.

PMID- 6423077
TI  - Applied child nutrition in the Himalayas of Ladakh.

PMID- 6423078
TI  - Prison doctors: ethics, invisibility, and quality.

PMID- 6423079
TI  - Drug resistance in Shigella dysenteriae, S flexneri and S boydii in England and
      Wales: increasing incidence of resistance to trimethoprim.
AB  - A total of 2753 strains of shigella belonging to subgroups A, B, and C that were
      isolated from patients in England and Wales during the period from 1979 to mid
      1983 were studied. Of these, 1690 (61%) were from patients recently returned from
      abroad or in contact with recent travellers, and 760 (45%) of these affected
      travellers from the Indian subcontinent. The number of strains resistant to
      sulphonamides and streptomycin remained at a high level throughout (average 76%
      and 72% respectively). Resistance to tetracyclines, ampicillin, and
      chloramphenicol rose, reaching 63%, 51%, and 48%, respectively, in 1982. Strains
      resistant to trimethoprim were seen in substantial numbers for the first time and
      increased from 1.3% of all strains in 1979 to 9.9% in 1982 and 16.8% in the first
      half of 1983. The proportion of patients with recent foreign contact was notably
      smaller among those with strains resistant to trimethoprim than among those with
      strains sensitive to trimethoprim. The increase in resistance to trimethoprim
      might partly result from the use in Britain of compounds containing trimethoprim
      for the treatment of shigellosis.

PMID- 6423080
TI  - Senile dementia and nutrition.

PMID- 6423081
TI  - Prognostic importance of hyperglycaemia induced by stress after acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 6423082
TI  - Proctocolitis induced by salicylate.

PMID- 6423083
TI  - Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata.

PMID- 6423084
TI  - Neutropenia due to beta lactamine antibodies.

PMID- 6423085
TI  - Oxygen as a driving gas for nebulisers: safe or dangerous?

PMID- 6423086
TI  - Can we still recommend mediation?

PMID- 6423087
TI  - Reversal of insulin resistance in type I diabetes after treatment with continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion.

PMID- 6423088
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in benign bone disease.

PMID- 6423089
TI  - Consent to treatment: the medical standard reaffirmed.

PMID- 6423090
TI  - What price psychotherapy?

PMID- 6423091
TI  - Pharmacy: an inquiry into its contribution to patient care.

PMID- 6423092
TI  - Acute stridor in the preschool child.

PMID- 6423093
TI  - Treatment of hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy.

PMID- 6423094
TI  - Living with hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6423095
TI  - Handedness and the side on which pharyngeal pouches occur.
AB  - Pharyngeal pouches present far more commonly on the left side of the neck than
      the right. Sixty one patients with a history of pharyngeal pouch were questioned
      about their handedness and about whether they had had symptoms or signs
      predominantly on one side of the neck before receiving treatment. There was a
      highly significant association between handedness and pharyngeal pouches on the
      opposite side of the neck. It is suggested that this is the reason for the rarity
      of right sided pouches.

PMID- 6423096
TI  - Myocardial depression in streptococcal cellulitis.
AB  - A previously healthy woman developed streptococcal cellulitis of the leg after
      falling and lacerating her knee. On admission her blood pressure was unrecordable
      and her respiratory rate greater than 60 beats/minute. Mechanical ventilation was
      necessary, and plasma volume expansion was started, with little effect. Infusion
      of dopamine restored the blood pressure to 150/90 mm Hg, but interrupting the
      infusion for as little as 30 seconds resulted in profound hypotension. Insertion
      of a second central venous catheter allowed the dopamine to be given
      continuously, and the infusion was stopped successfully four days after her
      admission. She eventually made a complete recovery. This case highlights the need
      for intensive supportive treatment in many streptococcal infections and, in
      particular, the need for inotropic support.

PMID- 6423097
TI  - Value of urine microscopy in predicting histological changes in the kidney:
      double blind comparison.
AB  - Fresh, first morning specimens of urine from 22 consecutive patients were
      examined by quantitative microscopy on the morning of renal biopsy; the renal
      biopsy samples were evaluated "blindly." Five patients showed no abnormality in
      the biopsy samples but eight had minimal, one mild, six moderate, and two severe
      histological changes. Comparison of the results of quantitative microscopy of
      urine with the presence or absence of histological evidence of disease showed
      that sensitivity was 88%, specificity 83%, accuracy 86%, positive predictive
      value 93%, and negative predictive value 71%. When combined with microscopy of a
      second urine specimen these values were 100%, 50%, 87%, 85%, and 100%
      respectively. There was a significant relation between number of casts and
      severity of the histological changes (p less than 0.01). Comparison of renal
      functional abnormalities with histological findings gave values of 64%, 100%,
      73%, 100%, and 50% respectively. It is concluded that quantitative microscopy of
      the first morning specimen of urine is a sensitive test with high predictive
      value for the presence or absence of renal disease. If no casts are detected in
      two early morning specimens the likelihood of finding anything more than minimal
      changes in a biopsy sample is virtually zero.

PMID- 6423098
TI  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Seven adult patients with cystic fibrosis who had radiological evidence of
      hypertrophic osteoarthropathy were reviewed. In five of the patients symptoms
      were particularly pronounced at times of acute infective exacerbations;
      appropriate treatment of the infective episodes resulted in reduction or
      resolution of the bone pain and joint effusions. Despite this symptomatic relief
      periosteal changes persisted radiologically and their chronic nature was
      indicated by changes in the midshafts of long bones. Four of the seven patients
      had transient gynaecomastia or mastalgia related to infective exacerbations. It
      is hypothesised that a neuroendocrine mechanism--namely, release of vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide--might account for the osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 6423099
TI  - Fatal meningitis complicating cryosurgery for haemorrhoids.

PMID- 6423100
TI  - Rumination in bulimia nervosa.

PMID- 6423101
TI  - Initial screening of children with urinary tract infections: is plain film
      radiography and ultrasonography enough?

PMID- 6423102
TI  - Tight jeans as a compression garment after major trauma.

PMID- 6423103
TI  - Side effects of disodium aminohydroxypropylidenediphosphonate (APD) during
      treatment of bone diseases.

PMID- 6423104
TI  - What annoys me most. Advertisements.

PMID- 6423105
TI  - Prevention in practice: what Wessex general practitioners are doing.
AB  - A random sample of 214 general practitioners in the Wessex region was invited to
      complete a postal questionnaire about the practice of preventive medicine and 90%
      replied. This inquired into their attitude and behaviour towards smoking and
      accident prevention, promoting exercise, and controlling obesity and
      hypertension. The results were generally encouraging. Most recognised their key
      role in health promotion and health education and their shared responsibility
      with other professionals. Many had made progress in smoking prevention and
      control of obesity and hypertension. Promoting exercise and accident prevention
      left room for improvement. The availability of information in patients' records
      to identify and monitor problem areas was particularly lacking. We conclude that
      further progress might be achieved by better training of general practitioners,
      and developing information systems orientated towards promoting health. The team
      approach in primary care needs to be strengthened. In particular extending the
      role of the health visitor and practice nurse may provide the support so vital
      for the successful outcome of preventive initiatives. Community unit management
      teams need to consider carefully how they may encourage advances in health
      promotion in primary care.

PMID- 6423106
TI  - A response to Professor Mitchell's "simple guide to the nursing process".

PMID- 6423107
TI  - Another look at diagnostic pathways in children with urinary tract infection.

PMID- 6423108
TI  - Statistical ritual in clinical journals: is there a cure?--I.

PMID- 6423109
TI  - The rise and fall of surgery for the "floating" kidney.
AB  - The latter half of the nineteenth century produced a remarkable expansion of
      surgical practice. Although most of these new techniques and concepts were
      soundly based, others, such as the movable or floating kidney, were later
      ridiculed and discredited.In Glasgow Royal Infirmary during the 48 years from
      1880, when movable kidney was first mentioned in the annual reports of the
      hospital, to 1928 472 patients (89% female) were diagnosed as suffering from the
      condition. Nearly half of them (216) underwent operation and the operative
      mortality was low. In the first decade of this century an average of 18 cases a
      year were admitted to the wards of the infirmary. From 1915 to 1920 the number of
      cases dropped, as did the proportion undergoing operation, but in the 1920s the
      numbers increased again.In common with other ineffective treatments for imaginary
      diseases, operations for the movable kidney simply faded away in Britain in the
      1930s.

PMID- 6423110
TI  - Dutch prisons: important lessons for the British.

PMID- 6423111
TI  - A romp around the United Kingdom research centres.

PMID- 6423112
TI  - Obstruction of the fetal urinary tract: a role for surgical intervention in
      utero?

PMID- 6423113
TI  - Measurement of serum amyloid A protein concentrations as test of renal allograft
      rejection.

PMID- 6423114
TI  - Metabolism of narcotics.

PMID- 6423115
TI  - Drugs and insomnia.

PMID- 6423116
TI  - Hypoxia in patients with acute hemiplegia.

PMID- 6423117
TI  - Significance of microhaematuria in young adults.

PMID- 6423118
TI  - Hypercholesterolaemia and coronary heart disease: an answer.

PMID- 6423119
TI  - Should patients with inflammatory bowel disease smoke?

PMID- 6423120
TI  - Guide wire manipulation of Crosby jejunal biopsy capsule.

PMID- 6423121
TI  - Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients taking slow release salbutamol and
      terbutaline for asthma.

PMID- 6423122
TI  - Psychogenic facial pain: presentation and treatment.

PMID- 6423123
TI  - Goats' milk in infants and children.

PMID- 6423124
TI  - Interpretation of single progesterone measurement in diagnosis of anovulation and
      defective luteal phase.

PMID- 6423125
TI  - Postmarketing surveillance of adverse reactions to drugs.

PMID- 6423126
TI  - Hypertension in general practice: what is to be done?

PMID- 6423127
TI  - Natural or unnatural foods?

PMID- 6423128
TI  - The who and why of pain: analysis by social class.
AB  - Physicians with an interest in pain have long suggested that the poor complain
      more and have a higher prevalence of neuroticism than do higher social groups.
      This assumption was tested by analysing the pain patterns in 500 consecutive
      patients attending a pain relief clinic. Results implied that scores for
      presenting pain, anxiety, and depression were similar to all social groups. After
      treatment scores for residual pain were significantly lower in all social
      classes, with greatest reduction in classes III, IV, and V. Almost identical
      results were obtained in a subgroup of patients with cancer but not in a subgroup
      with sciatica. That patients from the lower social classes have a higher
      perception of pain and are more neurotic than other group is a myth, probably
      resulting from poor communication between clinicians and patients of dissimilar
      socioeconomic class.

PMID- 6423129
TI  - Splint renal function after captopril in unilateral renal artery stenosis.
AB  - The renal extraction ratios of 131I-sodium iodohippurate (131I-Hippuran) and 125I
      thalamate were greatly reduced on the affected side by 50 mg captopril in seven
      out of 14 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. With long term
      captopril 150 mg daily the uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid by
      the affected kidney, which was determined by scintillation camera renography,
      became almost zero in these seven patients, indicating severe reduction of the
      glomerular filtration rate. Function of the affected kidney returned on
      discontinuing treatment. The reduced extraction of sodium iodohippurate probably
      reflected a shortened plasma transit time through the kidney due to intrarenal
      vasodilatation. The reduced extraction of thalamate reflected a low filtration
      fraction, suggesting that the vasodilatation was, at least in part, at the level
      of the postglomerular arterioles. Captopril had little effect on the
      contralateral kidney and on the kidneys of 17 patients with essential
      hypertension, and serum creatinine concentrations showed minor changes.
      Radioisotope renography should be performed after beginning captopril treatment
      in patients with renal artery stenosis. This is also recommended for patients
      given captopril as a third line drug when renal artery stenosis has not been
      excluded. Hypertension is these patients is often severe and difficult to
      control. Renal artery disease is not rare in this difficult group and finding
      seriously impaired renal function on one side during captopril treatment may be
      diagnostic.

PMID- 6423130
TI  - Respiratory impairment induced by smoking in children in secondary schools.
AB  - A longitudinal study was carried out from 1975 to 1979 in a cohort of 405
      secondary school children. At yearly intervals they underwent a series of tests
      of pulmonary function designed to monitor lung development; some of these tests
      are relatively sensitive indicators of early abnormalities. A self administered
      questionnaire provided details of smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. The
      prevalence of smoking increased with age; most of those smoking at 16 had already
      been smoking, at least experimentally, at 13. Taking up smoking was clearly
      associated with the early onset of cough, production of phlegm, and shortness of
      breath on exertion. After two years of smoking more than a few cigarettes a day
      the children who smoked appeared considerably less healthy than their non-smoking
      peers and showed some evidence of early obstruction of the airways.

PMID- 6423131
TI  - Intracranial tumour in an infant presenting as iron deficiency anaemia.

PMID- 6423132
TI  - Localised visceral immunocytoma associated with serological findings suggesting
      systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6423133
TI  - Does ethamsylate increase the incidence of venous thrombosis?

PMID- 6423134
TI  - In utero resuscitation after cardiac arrest in a fetus.

PMID- 6423135
TI  - Dicyclomine: worrying symptoms associated with its use in some small babies.

PMID- 6423136
TI  - Diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in man by serological tests.

PMID- 6423137
TI  - Detection and management of hypertension in general practices in north west
      London.
AB  - An examination of the practice notes and attached correspondence of 900 patients
      aged 30 to 65 years in a random sample of 18 general practice in north west
      London showed that 340 (47%) of 716 patients consulting in a 10 year period had
      no blood pressure readings in their records. The blood pressure was equal to or
      above 160 mm Hg systolic or 95 mm Hg diastolic, or both, in 115 (31%) of those
      whose blood pressures were recorded; 18 (16%) of these were not followed up.
      Seventy four patients were being treated for hypertension. Diuretics were the
      most commonly prescribed drugs. Treatment was started after one blood pressure
      reading in 34 (46%). Nine of those who had an initial raised blood pressure
      reading were normotensive on follow up. A further 14 patients had subsequent
      raised blood pressure readings but were not treated. Sixty one (69%) of the 88
      patients with hypertension did not have a blood pressure recording after
      diagnosis for one or more periods exceeding 12 months. Of 84 hypertensive
      patients with complete records, 62 (74%) apparently had had no physical
      examination performed by the general practitioner and 61 (72%) did not seem to
      have had any investigations initiated by the general practitioners. Fifteen (35%)
      of 43 patients taking oral contraceptive pills apparently had no blood pressure
      recordings during the time they were taking these. The results of this study
      suggest that there are still deficiencies in the detection and management of
      hypertension in general practice.

PMID- 6423138
TI  - Quality of care in managing hypertension by case finding in north west London.
AB  - The records of patients who were registered with general practice in inner London
      and outer London (both training and non-training practices) were examined for
      details of blood pressure recordings. A blood pressure recording was found in the
      past five years in only 22% of the notes of inner London practices but in 43% of
      notes in outer London practices, there being no difference between training and
      non-training practices. In 31% of the notes with a blood pressure recording the
      blood pressure had been raised (greater than or equal to 160/90) at some time: in
      62% of these notes for patients aged 65 or more and in 52% of these notes for
      patients aged under 65 treatment had been given at some time. Thirty eight per
      cent of patients in the older group and 33% in the younger group were being
      treated at the time of the survey, thiazides being the most commonly used drugs.
      Thirty four per cent of all those with a raised blood pressure at some time had a
      latest recording of under 90 mm Hg diastolic. There seems to be a continuing need
      for general practitioners to detect and treat hypertension, and it is suggested
      that general practitioners should consider using systematic case finding for
      hypertension in their practices.

PMID- 6423139
TI  - Top 10 points for trainers.

PMID- 6423140
TI  - Postmarketing surveillance: practical experience with ketotifen.
AB  - In a postmarketing surveillance of ketotifen (Zaditen), an oral preparation for
      the prophylaxis of bronchial asthma, 8291 patients completed records every three
      months for one year. The objectives were to record adverse events and efficacy
      and to communicate appropriate information to participating doctors and
      regulatory authorities. The patients recruited appeared to represent a typical
      cross section of patients with asthma in the United Kingdom. By subjective
      assessment 70% of patients found the medication efficacious. There were no
      unexpected or unacceptable side effects and those found were similar to those
      reported in clinical trials of ketotifen. Though this exercise showed that the
      pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and prescribing doctors were
      able to collaborate, the major outcome of the survey was already known. It
      remains to be seen whether this type of survey is of value in the continuing
      search for control and safety in prescribing.

PMID- 6423141
TI  - Survey of patient information booklets.

PMID- 6423142
TI  - Statistical ritual in clinical journals: is there a cure?--II.

PMID- 6423143
TI  - Medical care in the Dutch penal system.

PMID- 6423144
TI  - Boxers' brains.

PMID- 6423145
TI  - Assessment of a general practitioner accident service.

PMID- 6423146
TI  - Where's the block?

PMID- 6423147
TI  - Cardiac arrest following naloxone.

PMID- 6423148
TI  - Autoantibodies against human insulin.

PMID- 6423149
TI  - Methimazole and generation of oxygen radicals by monocytes: potential role in
      immunosuppression.

PMID- 6423150
TI  - Unusual dislocations associated with epileptic fits.

PMID- 6423151
TI  - Chronic headache: the role of deformity of the nasal septum.

PMID- 6423152
TI  - When is biopsy of the stomach ethical?

PMID- 6423153
TI  - 'Third drug' trial.

PMID- 6423154
TI  - Impaired elimination of metronidazole in decompensated chronic liver disease.

PMID- 6423155
TI  - Multiple spontaneous ruptures of tendons in renal transplant recipient.

PMID- 6423156
TI  - Ultrasonic measurement of spinal canal.

PMID- 6423157
TI  - Paranoid psychoses induced by tocainide.

PMID- 6423158
TI  - Quality control of home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations.

PMID- 6423159
TI  - Maternal plasma volume and disorders of pregnancy.

PMID- 6423160
TI  - Changing American medicine.

PMID- 6423161
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen for patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6423162
TI  - Endotracheal cuff pressure and tracheal mucosal blood flow: endoscopic study of
      effects of four large volume cuffs.
AB  - Large volume, low pressure endotracheal tube cuffs are claimed to have less
      deleterious effect on tracheal mucosa than high pressure, low volume cuffs. Low
      pressure cuffs, however, may easily be overinflated to yield pressures that will
      exceed capillary perfusion pressure. Various large volume cuffed endotracheal
      tubes were studied, including Portex Profile, Searle Sensiv, Mallinkrodt Hi-Lo,
      and Lanz. Tracheal mucosal blood flow in 40 patients undergoing surgery was
      assessed using an endoscopic photographic technique while varying the cuff
      inflation pressure. It was found that these cuffs when overpressurised impaired
      mucosal blood flow. This impairment of tracheal mucosal blood flow is an
      important factor in tracheal morbidity associated with intubation. Hence it is
      recommended that a cuff inflation pressure of 30 cm H2O (22 mm Hg) should not be
      exceeded.

PMID- 6423163
TI  - Water purification and the incidence of fractures in patients receiving home
      haemodialysis supervised by a single centre: evidence for "safe" upper limit of
      aluminium in water.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1980 fractures occurred in 56 of 284 patients treated by home
      haemodialysis in the Sheffield area for longer than one year. Patients sustained
      four times as many fractures while using dialysate prepared with water containing
      more than 1.0 mumol aluminium per 1 (2.7 micrograms/100 ml) than while using
      water containing a smaller concentration. When aluminium was removed from water
      by deionisation the incidence of fractures diminished during the next year and no
      patient developed dialysis encephalopathy. These findings show that 1.0 mumol/l
      is a safe maximum concentration of aluminium in water for use in home
      haemodialysis. It can be detected by the colorimetric aluminium analyses used by
      many water authorities. When financial resources are limited it is expedient to
      reserve aluminium analyses by electrothermal atomic absorption for plasma from
      patients receiving regular haemodialysis. Ingestion of aluminium hydroxide
      contributes significantly to the increased plasma aluminium concentration of
      these patients.

PMID- 6423164
TI  - Induction of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pacinian corpuscles.

PMID- 6423165
TI  - Conflagration of children in cars.

PMID- 6423166
TI  - Increased meningococcal carrier rate after tonsillectomy.

PMID- 6423167
TI  - Transtracheal injection of saline in the investigation of pneumonia.

PMID- 6423168
TI  - Recurrent bleeding from idiopathic ulceration of small bowel.

PMID- 6423169
TI  - Deficiency of medium chain fatty acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase presenting as the
      sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 6423170
TI  - Response to paper on "Can the clinical course of acute otitis media be modified
      by systemic decongestant or antihistamine treatment"?

PMID- 6423171
TI  - Attaining the impossible.

PMID- 6423172
TI  - An alternative to the diagnostic dilatation and curettage--endometrial cytology.
AB  - Endometrial aspiration cytology has been shown by multicentre prospective studies
      to be an acceptable and valuable method of assessing the endometrium. A
      retrospective study was undertaken over three years' routine use of the Isaacs
      cell sampler. In 86% of the cases suitable endometrium was obtained, with
      experience of the technique being the important factor. When compared with
      histological findings, all 11 cases of malignancy were confirmed, including one
      ovarian adenocarcinoma. Of the cytological reports of endometrial hyperplasia,
      78% were confirmed by the histological findings, with the remainder showing minor
      degrees of cystic hyperplasia or normal endometrium. In no case was a more
      abnormal lesion present on histological examination than had been suggested by
      cytological findings. The use of progestogens in reversing hyperplasia is seen to
      be effective, though the long term benefit remains uncertain. It is concluded
      that with an experienced cytologist, Isaacs endometrial aspiration should be used
      routinely for the primary investigation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and
      postmenopausal bleeding.

PMID- 6423173
TI  - Guidelines for initial management after head injury in adults. Suggestions from a
      group of neurosurgeons.

PMID- 6423174
TI  - Management of epilepsy.

PMID- 6423175
TI  - Deployment of resources in treatment of end stage renal failure in England and
      Wales.

PMID- 6423176
TI  - Manpower and workload in adult renal medicine in the United Kingdom 1975-82.

PMID- 6423177
TI  - The state of the prisons. Lessons from America: research in the prisons can bring
      peace.

PMID- 6423178
TI  - Auditing health care policies.

PMID- 6423180
TI  - Self help.

PMID- 6423179
TI  - Combinations of beta lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6423181
TI  - Vitamin A treatment for night blindness in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Three patients with late stage primary biliary cirrhosis were found to have
      appreciable night blindness. Serum vitamin A concentrations were low in all three
      patients despite regular intramuscular supplementation in two. All patients
      responded dramatically to high dose oral supplementation, with full recovery of
      adaptation to dark and visual fields. Oral rather than intramuscular vitamin A
      supplementation seems appropriate in the prevention of ocular complications of
      vitamin A deficiency in biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 6423182
TI  - Fasting plasma magnesium concentrations and glucose disposal in diabetes.
AB  - Fasting plasma concentrations of magnesium were measured by neutron activation
      analysis in 30 non-diabetics and 87 diabetics (55 non-insulin-treated, 32 insulin
      treated). Plasma concentrations of magnesium were lowest in the insulin treated
      group (mean 0.84 (SEM 0.01) mmol/1; 2.0 (0.02) mg/100 ml), intermediate in the
      non-diabetics (mean 0.89 (SEM 0.01) mmol/1; 2.2 (0.02) mg/100 ml), and highest in
      the non-insulin-treated diabetics (mean 0.95 (SEM 0.02) mmol/1; 2.3 (0.05) mg/100
      ml). In all diabetics plasma magnesium concentrations were inversely related to
      plasma glucose values (rs = -0.33; p less than 0.01) and in non-insulin-treated
      patients to plasma insulin concentrations (rs = -0.28; p less than 0.05), the
      former confirming previous observations. In 67 of the diabetics the KG constant
      for disposal rate of glucose during a standard intravenous glucose tolerance test
      was directly related to fasting plasma magnesium concentrations, and this
      relation persisted after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, type of
      treatment, and glucose and insulin values. This direct relation of plasma
      magnesium concentration with glucose disposal was unexplained by its influence on
      insulin secretion but was related to insulin sensitivity; hence magnesium may be
      an important determinant of insulin sensitivity in maturity onset diabetes.

PMID- 6423183
TI  - Alcohol: another risk factor for diabetic retinopathy?
AB  - In a five year prospective study clinical features associated with the
      development and progress of retinopathy were sought in 296 randomly selected
      diabetic men aged 20-59. None had ophthalmoscopically detectable retinopathy
      initially, but during follow up 66 developed the condition (47 background, 10
      exudative, 9 proliferative). Linear logistic analyses (two tailed tests) showed
      that the initial features independently predictive of retinopathy were duration
      of diabetes, poor glycaemic control, impotence, and--unexpectedly--heavy alcohol
      consumption. Poor glycaemic control in the interim and proteinuria at review were
      also associated with the development of retinopathy. No relation was found with
      smoking or obesity. Glycaemic control and alcohol consumption were therefore the
      only aetiologically relevant associations identified. The development of severe
      retinopathy (exudative and proliferative) showed a particular association with
      heavy alcohol consumption, occurring in nine of the 70 heavy drinkers (13%)
      compared with 10 (4.4%) of the rest. Alcohol consumption may be an important
      independent factor associated predictively with sight threatening diabetic
      retinopathy.

PMID- 6423184
TI  - Factors associated with the intellectual ability of children born to women with
      high risk pregnancies.
AB  - The intellectual abilities of 242 children born to women who had been
      hypertensive during pregnancy were assessed at the age of 7 1/2 years.
      Associations between 15 maternal, fetal, perinatal, postnatal and environmental
      factors, and test scores were investigated. After adjustment for confounding
      variables children in the upper social classes, born to non-smokers, who were
      first born, breast fed, and with birth weights above the 10th centile had
      significantly higher scores in some aspects of ability than the rest. Children
      whose mothers had developed superimposed pre-eclampsia had higher scores than
      those whose mothers had not suffered preeclampsia; and children delivered by
      elective caesarean section had lower scores than those delivered spontaneously.
      In a small subgroup of women with particularly high risk pregnancies perinatal
      mortality had been 10 times greater than in the rest of the sample. At 7 1/2
      years the intellectual ability of the survivors in this subgroup did not differ
      from that of the rest. These findings do not support the notion that there is a
      quantitative continuum of "reproductive casualty" from mortality to morbidity.

PMID- 6423185
TI  - Intravenous infusion of frusemide as treatment for ascites in malignant disease.

PMID- 6423186
TI  - Diclofenac sodium in biliary colic: a double blind trial.

PMID- 6423187
TI  - Isolated palsy of the hypoglossal nerve after central venous catheterization.

PMID- 6423188
TI  - Persistence of rubella antibody 8-18 years after vaccination.

PMID- 6423189
TI  - Potential limitations of a conical spacer device in severe asthma.

PMID- 6423190
TI  - Renal proximal dysfunction in patients with rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 6423191
TI  - Protracted anuria due to active renal vasoconstriction in malignant hypertension.

PMID- 6423192
TI  - Hypertension in pregnancy managed at home by community midwives.

PMID- 6423193
TI  - Psychosis after cannabis abuse.

PMID- 6423194
TI  - Surgery computer: a quiet revolution for general practice.
AB  - This paper shows how a well planned computer system can transform a practice's
      programme of prevention and surveillance, for long the Cinderella subjects in our
      Health Service. It was not necessary to employ specially trained staff to operate
      the computer and our receptionists adapted quickly and successfully: in fact, a
      new and interesting job coordinating the new routines has evolved which will
      include the preparation and presentation of a wide range of practice statistics.
      After initial hostility the computer has been accepted by the staff and its
      ability to increase the efficiency of the practice at all levels is now well
      recognised. Attention to the manual records, including updating summary sheets,
      was a vital part of our transition, and satisfactory office routines for
      recording all information daily is as essential. Since the computer was
      introduced the accuracy of our filing has improved dramatically. Rates of uptake
      for all immunisations and cervical cytology examinations are much better and the
      surveillance of various groups, whether by health visitors, nurses, or doctors,
      is no longer haphazard. The costs are within the scope of any practice, but
      positive encouragement by government (probably financial) would make acceptance
      of computers more likely. This would certainly encourage practitioners to take
      the initiative in prevention and surveillance, thereby ensuring that general
      practice remains the focus of a patient's overall care in the next decades.

PMID- 6423195
TI  - Rubella immunity in pregnant women in a north London practice.
AB  - Congenital malformations due to rubella embryopathy are preventable. All women
      embarking on pregnancy should be immune and know that they are immune to rubella
      to guard against the risk of contracting the disease during pregnancy. A previous
      history of clinical rubella or rubella vaccination is not reliable, and women
      should be screened for antibodies when possible before planning to conceive, and
      particularly before a first pregnancy. As general practitioners committed to the
      practice of prevention, we should undertake rubella screening for all our women
      patients before they conceive. This could easily be incorporated into our
      contraceptive services. We will be greatly helped if family planning clinics
      adopted a policy of screening for rubella antibodies, always remembering that
      good documentation and communication will avoid duplication and confusion and
      reduce costs.

PMID- 6423196
TI  - Challenges and contacts.

PMID- 6423197
TI  - Tremor.

PMID- 6423198
TI  - Expiratory chest x ray examination in the diagnosis of inhaled foreign bodies.

PMID- 6423199
TI  - Differences in rate of uptake of immunisation among ethnic groups.
AB  - In the Bradford health district ethnic origin is associated with appreciable
      differences in morbidity and mortality. In view of these differences a study was
      undertaken to determine whether there were differences among the ethnic groups in
      utilisation of the National Health Service, as reflected in the rate of uptake of
      immunisation, which is offered to all children. Significant differences were
      found between the British group and some other ethnic groups--notably Pakistani,
      Indian, and half Negro groups. The rate of uptake of immunisation was nearer the
      optimum in the Indian group than in the British group. The most unsatisfactory
      rate of uptake of immunisation overall was found in the half Negro group. No
      clear explanation of the differences has been shown, they are likely to be due to
      various factors in the National Health Service and in the community.

PMID- 6423200
TI  - Four years' experience with a mobile gammacamera service.

PMID- 6423202
TI  - What price psychotherapy?

PMID- 6423201
TI  - Relevance of osteoporosis in women with fracture of the femoral neck.

PMID- 6423203
TI  - Cerebral abscesses.

PMID- 6423204
TI  - Fractures on chest radiographs as indicators of alcoholism in patients with liver
      disease.

PMID- 6423205
TI  - Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata.

PMID- 6423206
TI  - Chemotherapy of solid tumours.

PMID- 6423207
TI  - Human ultralente insulin.

PMID- 6423209
TI  - Notification of drug misuse--whose responsibility?

PMID- 6423208
TI  - Treatment of acute stroke.

PMID- 6423210
TI  - A simple suggestion to distinguish between auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6423211
TI  - Differentiation of gonococcal and non-gonococcal neisseriae by the superoxol
      test.
AB  - We evaluated the superoxol (catalase) test as a means of differentiating
      gonococci from related species of organisms which were cultured from a variety of
      anatomical sites. An isolate was almost certainly not a gonococcus if it gave a
      negative superoxol test result, as all but one of 596 available gonococci gave
      positive test results. However, a proportion of the non-gonococcal neisseriae and
      isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis, also gave positive test results. The
      superoxol test is thus a useful addition to the techniques available for the
      characterisation of gonococci, but additional procedures are needed to confirm
      the identities of isolates giving positive results.

PMID- 6423212
TI  - Evidence for dopamine autoreceptors in mesocortical dopamine neurons.
AB  - The effect of different treatments which are thought to modify dopamine (DA)
      synthesis by an action on DA autoreceptors was compared in the caudate nucleus
      and two frontal cortical areas: the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral
      frontal cortex, having the highest and lowest DA concentration, respectively, but
      having equal concentrations of norepinephrine (NE); the NE to DA ratio being 3:2
      and 8:1, respectively. DA synthesis was measured by the rate of DOPA accumulation
      after inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase. Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) (750 mg/kg)
      increased DOPA accumulation by 200% in the caudate nucleus but only by 40% in the
      medial prefrontal cortex and was ineffective in the dorsolateral frontal cortex.
      Apomorphine (25-100 micrograms/kg) decreased DOPA accumulation by 7-30% in the
      medial prefrontal cortex and by 20-40% in the caudate nucleus in a dose-dependent
      manner. N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) produced a similar effect within the dose
      range of 2.5-10 micrograms/kg. Both DA agonists were completely ineffective in
      the dorsolateral frontal cortical area. Haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) increased DOPA
      accumulation by 80 and 220% in the medial prefrontal cortex and the caudate
      nucleus, respectively. It is concluded that DA autoreceptors regulate DA
      synthesis in the medial prefrontal cortex as in the caudate nucleus. Moreover, it
      was found that DOPA accumulation was approximately equal in the medial prefrontal
      cortex, with dense dopaminergic innervation, as in the dorsolateral area, devoid
      of dopaminergic terminals, suggesting that only a small fraction of cortical DA
      synthesis takes place in dopaminergic neurons, while the major part occurs in
      noradrenergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423213
TI  - A developmental study of adenohypophyseal dopaminergic receptors and of
      haloperidol-induced prolactin release in rats.
AB  - The ontogenesis of adenohypophyseal dopamine receptors, assessed by haloperidol
      displaceable [3H]didydroergocryptine (DHE) binding of 1-, 12-, 20-, 28-day-old
      female rats was studied in correlation with the prolactin releasing effect of
      haloperidol (1 mg/kg), a dopaminergic antagonist. A specific dopaminergic
      receptor could be quantified at the time of birth (Bmax = 2.5 +/- 0.5 fmol/mg; Kd
      = 1.5 +/- 0.2 microM), anterior pituitary receptor density (fmol bound/mg)
      increased non-significantly henceforth and a slight ontogenic increase of Kd
      values was also observed. Haloperidol failed to increase prolactin in newborn
      female rats; at 4 days, a significant increase was evidenced, and from then
      onwards the response rose markedly with age. As sex differences in the
      dopaminergic modulation of prolactin release have been documented, the
      hyperprolactinemic effect of haloperidol in correlation with [3H]DHE binding in
      anterior pituitary of 28-day-old female and male rats was studied. Though the
      prolactinemic increment achieved by haloperidol was significantly higher in
      female than in male rats, [3H]DHE binding was not statistically different between
      sexes. These data indicate: (a) a specific binding site for [3H]DHE in anterior
      pituitary of female rats is present from the first postnatal days. From then
      onwards, a gradual but slight increment in both, Bmax and Kd for the dopaminergic
      agonist is observed until puberty; (b) at 28 days, no clear difference in Bmax
      and Kd is present in [3H]DHE binding between male and female rats; (c) by
      contrast, haloperidol shows a prolactin releasing effect that increases markedly
      with age in the female.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423214
TI  - Spatio-temporal patterns of differentiation of whole heads of the embryonic chick
      as revealed by binding of a FITC-coupled peanut-agglutinin (FITC-PNA).
AB  - The spatio-temporal expression of specific binding sites for FITC-labeled peanut
      agglutinin (Arachis hypogaea) in frozen sections of whole embryonic heads of the
      chick between embryonic day 2 (E2) and embryonic day 8 (E8) is described. PNA
      binding sites are present already at E2 on the external limiting membrane and the
      ventricular boundary of the neural wall. With progressing differentiation
      fluorescent bands are formed from the outside of the neural wall radiating
      inside, forming second layers inside the CNS at later stages. The visual system
      (retina and tectum) shows remarkably little PNA-binding activity until about
      E7/8, a time when binding sites in the other brain areas are already most
      abundant. In the telencephalon a fuzzy distribution of fluorescence is found. A
      possible significance of this finding for fiber guidance from the retina to the
      tectum is briefly discussed. Local high activities can be observed in different
      parts of the brain. Intense bands of PNA-fluorescence on parts of the epidermis,
      along the eye cups, around the fore- and hindbrain and in the medial part of the
      mesenchyme delineate early biochemical compartments foreshadowing the succeeding
      ossification.

PMID- 6423215
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition--a team for central venous line insertion at the
      Bristol Royal Infirmary: results of a pilot scheme.

PMID- 6423216
TI  - The paradigm of two-stage carcinogenesis: a critical attitude.

PMID- 6423217
TI  - Calling malignant melanoma in situ what it is: results of a survey.

PMID- 6423218
TI  - Primary cardiac osteosarcoma: multidisciplinary aspects applicable to
      extraskeletal osteosarcoma generally.
AB  - An osteosarcoma, primary in the right ventricular epicardium, produced
      pericardial constriction. Intense activity on technetium-99m bone scintigraphy
      led to a correct preoperative diagnosis. Biopsy of unrepresentative tissue
      clouded the diagnosis, and autopsy resolved the issue. Several clinicopathologic
      correlations are presented. Major therapeutic advances mandate early recognition
      of extraskeletal osteosarcoma, and the topic is reviewed in regard to cardiac
      cancers in general. The need to biopsy both hard and fleshy areas of unusual
      tumors is reviewed.

PMID- 6423219
TI  - The ethics of patient requests in experimental medicine.

PMID- 6423220
TI  - Nutrition and cancer: cause and prevention. An American Cancer Society special
      report.

PMID- 6423221
TI  - Esophageal cancer.

PMID- 6423222
TI  - Sexual rehabilitation of urologic cancer patients: a practical approach.
AB  - Sexual rehabilitation is an important aspect of preserving a patient's quality of
      life after treatment for urogenital cancer. Sexual rehabilitation does not
      usually require a specialized program, but can be an integral part of cancer
      treatment. Members of the health care team can provide sexual information for the
      patient and partner, as well as assess the need for more intensive marital or sex
      therapy. This paper presents specific sexual issues related to prostate, bladder,
      testicular, and penile cancers.

PMID- 6423223
TI  - The study of the patterns of clinical care in radiation therapy in the United
      States.

PMID- 6423224
TI  - Locating pheochromocytomas by scintigraphy using 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine.
AB  - Scintigraphy with 131I-MIBG has located most pheochromocytomas. The detected
      tumors have been intra-adrenal, extra-adrenal, malignant, and familial in type.
      The method is safe, but requires images taken over three days to attain optimal
      results. Because of its ability to screen all sites where primary
      pheochromocytomas may reside, scintigraphy should be employed as the initial
      procedure in the search for these tumors. It may be the only technique that will
      locate extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. The rate of false-negative results is
      about 10 percent; therefore, other techniques such as computed tomography will be
      necessary to help find the few elusive pheochromocytomas.

PMID- 6423225
TI  - Classics in oncology. A case of bilateral completely latent adrenal tumor and
      concurrent nephritis with changes in the circulatory system and retinitis: Felix
      Frankel, 1886.

PMID- 6423226
TI  - Local mechanisms that regulate bone formation: the subject of a recent NIH
      sponsored workshop.

PMID- 6423227
TI  - Effect of cartilage-derived factor on DNA and protein synthesis in cultured rat
      calvariae.
AB  - Cartilage-derived factor (CDF), a peptide closely related to the somatomedins,
      was studied for its effects on bone formation by examining the synthesis of DNA,
      collagen, and noncollagen protein in 24-96 h cultures of 21-day fetal rat
      calvariae. After 24 h of treatment, CDF at concentrations of 0.3-30 micrograms/ml
      caused a dose-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA
      by 12-59%. The effect appeared and was maximal after 12 h, and was sustained for
      96 h. CDF also increased the bone DNA content by 30-60%. After 24 h of treatment,
      CDF at 10-30 micrograms/ml had a small stimulatory effect on the incorporation of
      3H-proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagen protein
      (NCP). The effect on the labeling of CDP and NCP was sustained for 96 h. Cortisol
      decreased the stimulatory effect of CDF on DNA labeling but cortisol and CDF had
      an additive effect on the incorporation of 3H-proline into CDP. The CDF
      stimulatory effect on the labeling of DNA, CDP, and NCP was seen in both the
      periosteum and periosteum-free calvaria. These studies indicate that CDF
      stimulates bone DNA, collagen, and noncollagen protein synthesis in vitro and may
      be a local regulator of bone growth.

PMID- 6423228
TI  - Clomiphene protects against osteoporosis in the mature ovariectomized rat.
AB  - Clomiphene citrate, a mixed estrogen agonist-antagonist, protects mature
      ovariectomized breeder rats from changes in total body calcium and from
      deterioration of femur structure. Over 6 months, mature ovariectomized rats took
      up calcium at the rate of 0.7 +/- 0.5 mg/day, while normal controls gained 2.5 +/
      0.7 mg/day (mean +/- SEM) as measured by whole body neutron activation analysis.
      Injections of clomiphene (20 mg/kg/week) kept ovariectomized rats in positive
      calcium balance at 2.0 +/- 0.5 mg/day. Reductions in total femur calcium content,
      cortical thickness, and visible trabeculae of femurs in ovariectomized animals
      were prevented by chronic clomiphene administration. These results in animals
      suggest a possible new line of investigation of the use of antiestrogenic drugs
      as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent osteoporosis in animals and humans.

PMID- 6423229
TI  - Presence of lysinoalanine and histidinoalanine in bovine dentin phosphoprotein.
AB  - Trypsin digestion and successive calcium-induced precipitation of the insoluble
      bovine dentin matrix effectively separated the collagen and phosphoprotein
      fractions which were firmly associated together in this material. Amino acid
      analysis by four different systems revealed that the lysinoalanine and
      histidinoalanine, which had been previously reported to occur in the human dentin
      collagen, were concentrated in the phosphoprotein fraction but were not present
      in the collagen fraction. Furthermore, it was found that the free-type
      phosphoprotein which was isolated from EDTA extract of dentin powder also
      contained both "cross-linking" amino acids. The results indicated the both "cross
      links" distributed within the dentin phosphoprotein and were not likely to
      contribute the unique stability of dentin collagen.

PMID- 6423230
TI  - Vitamin-D-dependent calcium-binding-protein and parvalbumin occur in bones and
      teeth.
AB  - Vit-D-Dependent calcium binding protein and parvalbumin have both been detected
      in ameloblasts and calcified cartilage by immunohistochemical techniques. These
      two Ca2+ binding proteins may play a crucial role in the local accumulation of
      Ca2+ ions during the process of mineralization. The mechanisms underlying the
      deposition of inorganic substances in bone and teeth during physiologic
      calcification are still the object of intense debate [1, 2]. The hypotheses
      concerning the factors controlling the initiation of mineralization can be
      subdivided into three large categories: enzymatic (or non-enzymatic) local
      elevation of phosphate and calcium [3,4,5,6,7], enzymatic removal of inhibitors
      of calcification [8] and direct nucleation of CaPO4 crystals on collagen fibrils
      [9]. In support of the first line of thought we report here the simultaneous
      occurrence of two different very high affinity Ca2+ binding proteins [vitamin-D
      dependent CaBP = VD CaBP and parvalbumin = PV] in bones and teeth. During the
      studied age period and with immunohistochemical methods, we detected the proteins
      only in calcified cartilage of bones and in ameloblasts of teeth. We propose that
      VDCaBP and PV help increase the Ca2+ concentration at the calcification front in
      some regions involved in mineral deposition.

PMID- 6423231
TI  - Total body calcium mass in primary hyperparathyroidism and long-term changes.
AB  - The total body calcium mass of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was
      measured by whole-body neutron activation analysis. Among 14 untreated patients,
      the calcium mass was significantly subnormal in 2. Long-term follow-up in 4
      unoperated patients showed that the calcium mass remained unchanged in 3; in the
      4th patient, parathyroidectomy was carried out after the 18th month of follow-up.
      Her total body calcium fell by 16% before operation, but was nearly regained in
      the following 3 years. In 1 patient followed for 32 months after
      parathyroidectomy, the calcium mass remained unchanged. After a follow-up in 4
      additional patients for an average of 15 months, the calcium mass remained
      unchanged in 3, whereas the 4th showed a significant decrease 12 months after the
      first measurement.

PMID- 6423232
TI  - Serum vitamin D metabolites in younger and elderly postmenopausal women.
AB  - Previous investigations have suggested that a lower-than-normal serum 1,25(OH)2D
      is found in elderly women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We examined the
      fundamental aspects of this theory by investigating serum vitamin D metabolites
      in four representative samples of Caucasian women. These included 44 early
      postmenopausal women divided into two subgroups: fast bone losers, that is, bone
      loss greater than 3%/year (n = 20), and "physiological" bone loss (n = 24); and
      28 70-year-old women divided into two subgroups: with and without osteoporotic
      fractures. Serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were virtually the same in all groups
      thus contradicting the previous reports of low 1,25(OH)2D in elderly women.
      Furthermore, mean 25OHD and 24,25(OH)2D did not differ between the groups. We
      conclude that 1,25(OH)2D is unlikely to be significant in the development or
      treatment of a majority of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6423233
TI  - The influence of age and sex on bone resorption of secondary hyperparathyroidism
      in renal osteodystrophy.
AB  - The severity and incidence of subperiosteal and intracortical bone resorption
      were evaluated from fine-detail hand radiographs at X 8 magnification in relation
      to age and sex in 239 chronically dialyzed adult renal failure patients. The
      severity of subperiosteal resorption decreased significantly with advancing age
      in both sexes and the incidence decreased somewhat more in males than in females;
      no such trends were apparent for intracortical resorption. Although the mean
      values for the grades of subperiosteal and intracortical resorption were
      significantly higher in females than in males, when the effect of age and
      duration of follow-up were taken into consideration, this sex difference remained
      significant only for intracortical resorption. It is concluded that when studying
      certain aspects of renal osteodystrophy, differences due to age, sex, and
      duration of follow-up should be considered in the final interpretation of data.

PMID- 6423234
TI  - Transmission electron microscopic study of calcium phosphate formation in
      supersaturated solutions seeded with apatite.
AB  - The present study examined crystal growth on enamel and synthetic apatite seed
      surfaces in dilute supersaturated solutions by means of transmission electron
      microscopy. At all supersaturations, new growth initially appeared on the ends of
      the seed crystal. In solutions undersaturated with respect to octacalcium
      phosphate (OCP), this growth was needlelike in appearance. Above the solubility
      point for OCP, the growth frequently took the form of thin, platelike crystals.
      The relevance of these findings to precursor phase formation is discussed.

PMID- 6423235
TI  - Corticosteroids and bone.

PMID- 6423236
TI  - Adsorption of molecules of biological interest onto hydroxyapatite.
AB  - Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were conducted to investigate the factors
      determining the adsorption of salivary macromolecules onto hydroxyapatite. Using
      amino acids and other small adsorbates, it was determined that the carboxyl
      attached to the alpha carbon does not appear to adsorb onto HA and the affinities
      of side-chain carboxyls are much smaller than that of the phosphate group
      (phosphoserine). Hydroxyl (serine) displays an extremely high affinity, but its
      adsorption site on HA is different and the number of such sites is much smaller
      than found for the rest of the functional groups investigated. It is shown that
      the information obtained from small molecules cannot be readily applied to
      prediction of the adsorption behavior of salivary macromolecules and
      polypeptides. The kinetics of adsorption of the salivary phosphopeptide
      statherin, a polyaspartate, and the salivary prolinerich phosphoprotein PRP3 are
      consistent with the reversibility of the adsorption process; no conclusion was
      possible in the case of the protein PRP1. Apparent irreversibility cannot be
      explained on the basis of multipoint binding or the properties of the carboxyl
      versus phosphate group; it appears that secondary structure determines to a
      significant extent the adsorption properties of the macromolecules. Calculation
      of the thermodynamic molar quantities of adsorption of PRP1, PRP3, and L-ASP onto
      HA showed that the process is entropically driven. The functional relationship
      between partial molar entropy and adsorption coverage is similar for the two
      proteins, but quite different from that for aspartate. Explanations for these
      results are advanced on the bases of changes in structure configurations and
      displacement of water from the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface, the second
      factor being the dominant one in the adsorption of a small molecule such as L
      ASP.

PMID- 6423237
TI  - Role of acid phosphate in hydroxyapatite lattice expansion.
AB  - Questions remain about which subcomponents of human tooth enamel (TE) are
      responsible for its crystallographic alpha axis being nearly 0.02A longer than
      that of pure hydroxyapatite (OHAp) and contracting to that of OHAp on heating.
      From infrared spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies of a synthetic OHAp
      containing HPO4 and "structural" H2O, it has been concluded that HPO4 expands the
      alpha axis at the rate of approximately 0.0015A/wt% but that this accounts for
      substantially less than one-half of the total observable contraction. The
      remaining, more than one-half of the alpha axis change, may be only partially
      ascribable to "structural" H2O and partially to P2O7 (formed from the HPO4),
      coming out of solid solution in the apatite. Some 90% of the HPO4 observed with
      infrared is lost in the 160-240 degrees temperature range and more than one-half
      of the P2O7 observed as a separate phase is developed above that temperature and
      continues to increase all the way up to the 500 degrees C, the limit of the
      experiments. The loss of HPO4 is accompanied by reduction of disorder or variety
      in the structural OH ion sites, consistent with the view that initially some of
      the PO4 groups neighboring the OH ions were actually HPO4 groups.

PMID- 6423238
TI  - Solubility of calcium salts, enamel, and hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions of
      simple carbohydrates.
AB  - The solubility of various Ca(II) salts, hydroxyapatite, and powdered human dental
      enamel in the presence of simple carbohydrates was studied by determining the
      complex strength between Ca(II) and the carbohydrates. In 1.0 M CaSO4, the
      following simplified sequence of complex strengths was obtained for the more
      common carbohydrates: Na-citrate greater than D-sorbitol greater than xylitol
      greater than D-mannitol greater than D-fructose greater than D-glucose greater
      than D-xylose. Whereas the more soluble Ca(II) compounds (like CaSO4) exerted
      measurable complexation with xylitol, no such complexation was found with
      hydroxyapatite and enamel powder. This also concerned other alditols. Calculation
      of the stability constants (K) showed sorbitol (K = 0.81 M) and xylitol (K = 0.67
      M) to form stronger complexes in saturated CaSO4 than other alditols. The most
      suitable coordination site appeared to be a vicinal cis-cis-triol. Precipitation
      studies showed that 0.5 M xylitol and 0.5 M sorbitol significantly retarded the
      formation of calcium phosphate precipitates from a solution of Ca(II) and
      phosphate, compared with the effect caused by glucose, sorbose, or xylose. The
      effect caused by xylitol and sorbitol was explained in terms of partial
      displacement of water molecules in the primary hydration layer of Ca(II) ions,
      caused by competition between polyol and water molecules. In the presence of
      aldoses and ketoses, virtually instantaneous precipitation occurred. These
      results suggest that open-chain alditols may influence the chemical reactions of
      Ca(II) in plaque, saliva, and caries lesions. Alditols do not function as
      demineralizing agents of the teeth, however. Through the retarding effect on
      calcium phosphate precipitation, alditols may favorably govern remineralization
      of carious lesions.

PMID- 6423239
TI  - Assessment of an in vivo diffusion chamber method as a quantitative assay for
      osteogenesis.
AB  - The alkaline phosphatase activity and the calcium and phosphorus content of
      osteogenic tissue formed in vivo following the implantation of diffusion chambers
      loaded with rabbit bone marrow cells is reported. (In this study the term
      osteogenic includes osteoblastic and chondroblastic.) Chambers examined 14-70
      days after implantation revealed progressive accumulation of mineral. Alkaline
      phosphatase activity increased until day 30 and declined thereafter. The
      osteogenic potential of the marrow cells decreased with increasing weight (age)
      of the cell donor rabbit when measured either as the percentage of chambers
      containing osteogenic tissue or as the amount of calcium, phosphorus, or alkaline
      phosphatase activity within the chambers. The results confirm that measurements
      of these parameters in tissue formed by cells incubated in diffusion chambers in
      vivo may be used as a method for assay of osteogenesis.

PMID- 6423240
TI  - Total body and regional bone mineral by dual-photon absorptiometry in metabolic
      bone disease.
AB  - Dual-photon absorptiometry (153Gd) was used to measure bone mineral of the total
      body and major anatomical areas. Patients with osteoporosis (male = 11, female =
      18) and with renal osteodystrophy (n = 17) were significantly below (20%) normal
      females (n = 72) and males (n = 13) at most sites. In the osteoporotic patients,
      but not the renal patients, there was preferential osteopenia of the spine. Bone
      loss in all anatomical areas became evident after the menopause with an annual
      loss rate of about 0.7%.

PMID- 6423241
TI  - Distribution of fibroblastic colony-forming cells in rabbit bone marrow and assay
      of their osteogenic potential by an in vivo diffusion chamber method.
AB  - Rabbit bone marrow has been separated into core, intermediate, and endosteal cell
      populations. When plated out in vitro, each of the fractions gave rise to
      colonies of fibroblastic cells. The colony-forming efficiency increased from the
      core population by a factor of 4 to a maximum of 3.4 X 10(-6) in the endosteal
      fraction. The osteogenic potential of each fraction was determined following
      their implantation in diffusion chambers into host rabbits. Each of the indices
      of osteogenesis (alkaline phosphatase activity, Ca and P accumulation) were
      significantly lower in the core population than in the two populations closer to
      the bone surface. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      osteogenic precursor cells of marrow belong to the fibroblast colony-forming cell
      fraction, and indicate that these cells, although found throughout the marrow,
      are concentrated close to the bone surface.

PMID- 6423242
TI  - Stereological studies on the epiphyseal growth plate in low phosphate, vitamin D
      deficiency rickets with special reference to the distribution of matrix vesicles.
AB  - In low phosphate, vitamin D-deficiency rickets normal mineralization is
      reversibly arrested, and rickets is thus a suitable model for studying factors
      influencing the mineralization process. Partly on the basis of their distribution
      within the growth cartilage, the so-called matrix vesicles are considered to play
      an important role in the process of mineralization and it has been claimed that
      the distribution pattern is the same in rickets as in normal animals. With the
      use of modern stereological techniques, our group recently demonstrated a matrix
      vesicle distribution between the zones of the epiphyseal growth plate in normal
      rats different from that described earlier. The same bimodal distribution pattern
      was observed in rachitic rats in the present study, the highest volume density
      being found in the resting and upper hypertrophic zones and the lowest in the
      proliferative zone. The volume density differences are explained by differences
      in the number of vesicles between zones, the variation in mean caliper diameter
      being small. Our findings are discussed in relation to the proposed theories on
      matrix vesicle origin. The results seem to support the dynamic cell debris theory
      for matrix vesicle origin presented earlier, but the existence of subpopulations
      of matrix vesicles with a specialized function and origin cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 6423243
TI  - The effect of nitrous oxide on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve.
AB  - The influence of nitrous oxide on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) was
      studied using blood from twenty healthy patients. When the blood samples were
      exposed to 50 per cent N2O during the determination of the ODC, a left shift was
      observed and the P50 was decreased by 1.06 kPa (8 mmHg). This shift cannot be
      explained by temperature, pH, PCO2, or 2,3-DPG effects. Following exposure of the
      blood to N2O-free gases, the shift disappeared rapidly, and a normal P50 (3.46
      kPa) (26 mmHg) was reobtained. In keeping with this reversibility, blood samples
      taken before and during 45 minutes of N2O-curare anaesthesia showed identical
      dissociation curves to those which had been obtained during the in vitro N2O
      exposure experiment.

PMID- 6423244
TI  - Patient care problems in patients undergoing reoperation for coronary artery
      grafting surgery.
AB  - Over the past six years there has been a 15-fold increase in the number of
      patients requiring reoperation coronary artery bypass grafting (RCABG) surgery at
      the University of Alabama in Birmingham. To determine the perioperative risk, a
      retrospective chart survey of one calendar year's (1981) experience was made
      comparing the 58 RCABG patients with 59 cohorts undergoing primary operation. All
      patients were anaesthetized with diazepam, fentanyl and halothane or enflurane
      anaesthesia. Preoperative evaluation revealed by history that the incidence of
      unstable angina and digoxin use were greater (p = 0.05) in the RCABG patients.
      Cardiac catheterization revealed a higher incidence (26 vs 89 percent) of left
      main coronary disease in controls and similar indices of left ventricular
      function (wall abnormalities, ejection fraction and LVEDP). Operating and bypass
      times were longer (p less than 0.01) for RCABG patients and there was a trend for
      greater (p = 0.08) use of dopamine in the RCABG patients. CK-MB release was
      significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in RCABG patients. Serious postoperative
      complications (CK-MB greater than or equal to 15 IU/L, low cardiac output, and
      death) were significantly (p = 0.02) greater in the RCABG group. It is concluded
      that RCABG patients represent a greater risk of complications and that new
      strategies for improving myocardial protection need to be developed to reduce the
      risk.

PMID- 6423245
TI  - Role of ions in activation of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes were cultured in media containing
      varying levels of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+. Cell activation was monitored by measuring
      nuclear diameter and by evaluating the area of nucleolus which reacted with
      silver nitrate. Decreasing extracellular K+ from normal levels (5.0 mM) to 14%
      (0.7 mM) and decreasing extracellular Mg2+ from normal levels (1.0 mM) to 14%
      (0.14 mM) did not affect nuclear diameter or silver nitrate reactivity of PHA
      stimulated lymphocytes. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA during the
      first 24 h after PHA stimulation completely inhibited the increases in silver
      reactivity and nuclear diameter associated with stimulation. Chelation of
      extracellular Ca2+ 48 h after PHA stimulation did not inhibit lymphocyte
      stimulation. Inhibitory effects of EGTA were completely reversed if CaCl2 was
      added to the medium within 24 h of PHA stimulation. By 48 h the effects were
      irreversible.

PMID- 6423246
TI  - [Canthaxanthine retinopathy: 1. Clinical study in 51 consumers].
AB  - Canthaxanthine, a non-provitamin A carotenoid, has been marketed in Canada since
      March 1979 as a skin-tanning agent. Fifty-one individuals who ingested from 3.6
      to 66 g of the drug within a 24-month period were ophthalmologically evaluated.
      Six of them had deposits in the ocular fundus that appeared to be related to
      ingestion of the substance, but no functional impairment could be detected.

PMID- 6423247
TI  - Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of ionic solutions in terms of physical and chemical
      principles has been effectively prohibited in the past by the overwhelming amount
      of calculation it required, but computers have suddenly eliminated that
      prohibition. The result is an approach to acid-base which revolutionizes our
      ability to understand, predict, and control what happens to hydrogen ions in
      living systems. This review outlines that approach and suggests some of its most
      useful implications. Quantitative understanding requires distinctions between
      independent variables (in body fluids: pCO2, net strong ion charge, and total
      weak acid, usually protein), and dependent variables [( HCO-3], [HA], [A-], [CO(2
      )3], [OH-], and [H+] (or pH]. Dependent variables are determined by independent
      variables, and can be calculated from the defining equations for the specific
      system. Hydrogen ion movements between solutions can not affect hydrogen ion
      concentration; only changes in independent variables can. Many current models for
      ion movements through membranes will require modification on the basis of this
      quantitative analysis. Whole body acid-base balance can be understood
      quantitatively in terms of the three independent variables and their
      physiological regulation by the lungs, kidneys, gut, and liver. Quantitative
      analysis also shows that body fluids interact mainly by strong ion movements
      through the membranes separating them.

PMID- 6423248
TI  - Factors affecting the irreversible attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to
      stainless steel.
AB  - To better understand the interaction between bacteria and surfaces, we studied
      the irreversible attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a common surfacing
      material. When brought into contact with the steel, cells began to attach in less
      than 1 min and the number adhering increased with time. An important
      physiological variable in attachment was cell motility since adherence decreased
      at least 90% when flagella were removed by blending. This treatment was shown to
      be effective because it caused motility loss and not because it removed a
      structure necessary for adherence. Cell viability was less important since
      adherence decreased only 50% when the number of viable cells was reduced 4.7 logs
      by heating or formaldehyde treatment. Significant environmental variables
      included turbulence and ionic strength. Attachment of motile cells was reduced
      90% by agitation, although agitation had little effect on adherence of nonmotile
      cells. Both motile and nonmotile cells adhered poorly in distilled water with
      attachment increasing as CaCl2 or NaCl concentration increased to 10 mM. At 100
      mM, attachment decreased. Viable cells, both motile and nonmotile, adhered best
      at a pH of 7 to 8, whereas nonviable cells attached most rapidly at a low pH.

PMID- 6423249
TI  - Further evidence for hyaluronidase activity of Treponema pallidum.
AB  - The presence of hyaluronidase in preparations of Treponema pallidum was
      previously shown using acidified bovine serum albumin reactions and Ouchterlony
      immunodiffusion. To expand on these preliminary findings more sensitive
      techniques of viscometry, additional immunologic reactions, and altered capillary
      permeability were used to characterize treponemal-associated hyaluronidase. The
      pathogens T. pallidum and T. pertenue degraded hyaluronic acid, whereas the
      nonpathogens T. denticola and T. vincentii did not. As syphilitic infection
      progressed, hyaluronidase activity decreased; organisms harvested from 14-day
      testicular infections degraded hyaluronic acid less rapidly than organisms from 4
      day infections. Uninfected rabbit testicular extract also exhibited significant
      enzyme activity. The neutralizing activity of immune sera was decreased by prior
      adsorption with bovine hyaluronidase, suggesting that some of the neutralizing
      factors are associated with this enzyme. Radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate
      antibodies to hyaluronidase in immune sera. Antihyaluronidase sera were isolated
      from rabbits immunized with bovine hyaluronidase. Treponema pallidum, as well as
      uninfected rabbit testicular extract, cross-reacted with these antisera.
      Immunofluorescence indicated that the hyaluronidase was uniformly distributed
      along the treponemal surface. As a final indicator of hyaluronidase activity,
      alterations in capillary permeability were detected 1 h after intradermal
      injection of T. pallidum.

PMID- 6423250
TI  - Treating alcoholism: can Canadian centres cope?

PMID- 6423251
TI  - Severe lithium intoxication treated by forced diuresis.
AB  - In a woman who had been in coma for 4 days because of severe lithium intoxication
      forced diuresis led to full recovery. Forced diuresis is simpler than
      hemodialysis and may be as effective in some patients with severe lithium
      intoxication.

PMID- 6423252
TI  - High-dose intravenous therapy with immune globulin before delivery for idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl with a 9-year history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
      resistant to high-dose steroid therapy and to splenectomy was admitted to
      hospital at 35 weeks' gestation with a platelet count of 10 X 10(9)/L. The
      bleeding time was normal, and measures of platelet aggregation were nearly so.
      Treatment with high intravenous doses of polyvalent immune globulin led to a rise
      in the platelet count to more than 110 X 10(9)/L within 5 days. An elective
      cesarean section was performed through the lower uterine segment with good
      hemostasis. After delivery the platelet count fell to its former level, but no
      postpartum bleeding occurred. There was a brief episode of thrombocytopenia in
      the infant, with some petechiae but no other hemorrhagic manifestations. No
      untoward effects of the immune globulin infusion were observed in either mother
      or daughter.

PMID- 6423253
TI  - Will DRG payments creep into all US health insurance plans?

PMID- 6423254
TI  - Immunologic dysfunction in patients with hemophilia.

PMID- 6423255
TI  - A retrospective comparison of the effectiveness of bromination and chlorination
      in controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spas (whirlpools) in Alberta.

PMID- 6423256
TI  - Otitis externa infections related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa levels in five
      Ontario lakes.

PMID- 6423257
TI  - Cystic fibrosis--a challenging masquerader.
AB  - CF, a generalized dysfunction of the exocrine glands, is an inherited disorder
      with variable clinical manifestations and prognosis. Because of the multisystem
      involvement, CF can masquerade as other disorders, including allergy. A high
      index of suspicion and a knowledge of the variable manifestations of this complex
      multisystem syndrome are essential for early diagnosis of this challenging
      masquerader. Quantitative analysis of sweat electrolyte levels after pilocarpine
      iontophoresis is the cornerstone of the diagnosis of CF. Because respiratory
      involvement causes most of the morbidity and mortality, aggressive treatment of
      pulmonary infection and efforts to reduce obstruction of the airways are
      essential in the treatment of CF. Until the basic defect that causes CF is
      identified, control or stabilization of the disease and management of its
      complications, rather than a cure, are the realistic goals of treatment. A
      comprehensive approach to management includes education of the patient about the
      disease and its treatment, supportive counseling, dietary supplementation, and
      aggressive therapy for pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6423258
TI  - Individual variation in gonadotrophin and steroid concentrations and in the
      lengths of the follicular and luteal phases in women with regular menstrual
      cycles.
AB  - Two cycles each with full endocrine profiles from 17 subjects were examined for
      within-subject (between cycles) and between-subject variability (one way analysis
      of variance) and for the degree of correlation between pairs of cycles
      (regression analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient). LH concentrations were
      significantly correlated within subjects for the mid cycle (P less than 0.0001)
      and luteal phases (P less than 0.05) whereas FSH concentrations were
      significantly correlated throughout the cycle (P less than 0.01). Oestradiol,
      however, was only weakly correlated (P less than 0.05) and then only during mid
      follicular and luteal phases. Progesterone concentrations were highly
      significantly correlated (P less than 0.0001) during the luteal phase as were
      both follicular (P less than 0.01) and luteal phase length (P less than 0.0001)
      and prolactin concentrations (P less than 0.001). All the reproductive hormones
      showed less variation within an individual than between individuals. This was
      particularly marked for FSH and prolactin (throughout the cycle) LH (during the
      mid-cycle surge) and progesterone concentrations (luteal phase). It is likely
      that the peripheral plasma levels of these hormones are characteristic of the
      individual and do accurately reflect the state of equilibrium existing between
      all of the physiological regulatory mechanisms. Further, the current practice of
      describing endocrine profiles in regularly cycling but infertile women in an
      attempt to understand possible causes of their infertility is, in the light of
      these findings, a physiologically justifiable procedure.

PMID- 6423259
TI  - The long-term effect of lithium carbonate on tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - Lithium carbonate has been used in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) with
      conflicting results. In this study, six patients with a diagnosis of manic
      depressive illness were followed in the Affective Disorders Clinic of Douglas
      Hospital for one year. None of the patients showed improvement of their TD in
      this study. Possible reasons for this lack of response are discussed.

PMID- 6423260
TI  - A possible indication for red cell lithium determinations: a case report.
AB  - The recommended prophylactic lithium levels in the treatment of manic depressive
      patients differ from study to study. In this paper, we present a patient who was
      maintained euthymic on lower plasma levels than those recommended. However, we
      theorize that the reason for this may be due to the fact that she had a high
      RBC/plasma ratio. We recommend that in those patients whose plasma lithium levels
      are consistently low, this point should be kept in mind before considering them
      as noncompliant.

PMID- 6423261
TI  - The stability and antitumor activity of recycled (intravesical) mitomycin C.
AB  - Although intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) is effective in the treatment of
      superficial bladder cancer, its expense is a major factor limiting its use. These
      authors have analyzed the antitumor activity and stability of MMC following 2
      hour intravesical instillation in consideration of recycling the drug or using a
      smaller dose over a longer retention time. The first voided urine samples from 11
      patients who received 40 mg MMC intravesically were measured for MMC content by
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An average of 50% of the parent
      drug was recovered. MMC from the urine samples inhibited the growth of a
      transplantable murine transitional cell carcinoma as effectively as stock drug.
      Moreover, MMC is relatively stable in human urine at body temperature. These
      findings suggest that recovery and reuse of the intravesically administered drug
      is possible and if sterility and appropriate concentrations can be established
      for the initial and subsequent doses, the drug may be able to be recycled.

PMID- 6423262
TI  - Treatment experience with 15 MeV fast neutrons in the oral cavity and oropharynx.
AB  - All 86 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx
      treated with fast neutrons at the Mid-Atlantic Neutron Therapy facility at the
      Naval Research Laboratory (MANTA) from its inception in 1976 until closing in
      1979, are reported. Patients generally had advanced disease or have failed or
      were failing conventional treatment prior to being treated at MANTA. The fixed
      horizontal beam parameters were suboptimal. Patients were treated by either
      neutrons alone or various combinations of neutrons and photons. In patients with
      T3 or T4 primary carcinomas treated with less than 2100 neutron rad, only 37%
      (3/11) had a complete response at the primary compared to 57% (24/42) treated to
      a higher dose. However, there was a significant evidence of radiation related
      complication. The latter was expected in a phase I/II trial of a new modality
      such as fast neutrons. Isocentric hospital based cyclotrons should offer some
      hope of improvement in the future.

PMID- 6423263
TI  - Final results of a randomized trial on the treatment of rectal cancer with
      preoperative radiotherapy alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil, followed
      by radical surgery. Trial of the European Organization on Research and Treatment
      of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group.
AB  - To improve surgical results of potentially operable rectal cancer, the European
      Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer conducted a two-arm randomized
      clinical trial to compare the efficiency of preoperative administration of
      radiotherapy, with or without 5-fluorouracil before radical surgery. Two hundred
      forty-seven eligible patients were admitted from November 1972 through April
      1976. The overall survival observed in the group treated with preoperative
      radiotherapy appears to be better than in the group of patients where
      preoperative combined modality was administered. Five-year survival is 59% versus
      46% with a marginal statistical significance of P = 0.06. Although the combined
      modality arm had a higher incidence of side effects and postoperative deaths, it
      had a greater effect than the radiotherapy-alone arm in controlling the disease
      process, mainly distant metastases to the liver with a result bordering on
      statistical significance (P = 0.07). The incidence of nonmalignant and
      intercurrent deaths were higher in the combined modality group, whereas deaths
      due to malignancy were higher in the radiotherapy-alone group. Observing more
      stringent selection in disease and patients' criteria, side effects and
      intercurrent deaths can be effectively reduced with further improvement in
      adjuvant therapy results.

PMID- 6423264
TI  - Massive IgE-hyperimmunoglobulinemia and storage histiocytosis in Sezary syndrome.
      A postmortem study.
AB  - Substantial evidence has accumulated that the Sezary syndrome is grouped together
      as "cutaneous T-cell lymphoma" and forms a subset of T-cells programmed for
      helper interactions with B-cells in their production of immunoglobulins; IgA,
      IgG, and IgM. The authors describe an autopsy case of a 64-year-old Japanese man,
      with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in association with IgE-type lambda
      hyperimmunoglobulinemia. The serologic and immunocytochemical studies suggest
      that Sezary cells from our patient are T-cell proliferations in association with
      IgE-specific helper activity. In addition, histiocytosis was interestingly noted,
      for the first time, in the generalized lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow by
      the autopsy. The cytoplasm of swelled histiocytes contained IgE-type lambda
      immunoglobulin by the PAP method that probably represented altered
      immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6423265
TI  - Poorly differentiated (anaplastic) seminoma of the testis.
AB  - Anaplastic seminoma constitutes approximately 17% of total experience with
      seminoma at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Among 25 previously untreated
      patients, 11 (44%) were clinical Stage I, and 14 (56%) were clinical Stage II or
      III. Treatment of these 25 patients with the same regimens employed for classical
      seminoma yielded an overall 80% 5-year apparent cure rate. Survival rates were
      poor in eight previously treated patients referred with recurrence.

PMID- 6423266
TI  - Disseminated aspergillosis presenting with endophthalmitis. A case report and a
      review of the literature.
AB  - A patient with idiopathic thrombocytosis developed sudden loss of vision in his
      left eye secondary to endophthalmitis caused by Aspergillus flavus. He
      subsequently manifested other symptoms and signs of disseminated infection, and
      eventually died despite prompt initiation of appropriate parenteral antifungal
      therapy. A period of profound, iatrogenic neutropenia preceded the development of
      his terminal infection. Previously reported cases of hematogenously acquired
      Aspergillus endophthalmitis are reviewed, and approaches to diagnosis and
      management are discussed. The frequency of eye involvement in cases of
      disseminated aspergillosis is unknown, but it may be greater than appreciated
      previously.

PMID- 6423267
TI  - Downturn: do health care and the economy go hand-in-hand?

PMID- 6423268
TI  - The dynamics of cytoskeletal organization in areas of cell contact.

PMID- 6423270
TI  - Creating a climate for compliance.

PMID- 6423269
TI  - Urinary excretion of thiol conjugates of aflatoxin B1 in rats and hamsters.
AB  - After intraperitoneal injection of [3H]aflatoxin B1 in rats and hamsters, 24-h
      urinary excretion of aflatoxin B1 metabolites was examined in these species.
      Total excretion was 10-15% of the injected dose with hamster excreting 50% more
      than the rat. In both species, 60% of the total excretion was due to glucuronide
      and sulfate conjugates of hydroxy metabolites. Striking differences were observed
      in the excretion of both aflatoxin B1-diol and various thiol conjugates.
      Aflatoxin B1-glutathione and aflatoxin B1-cysteinylglycine were major thiol
      conjugates in rats and hamsters, respectively. An unknown metabolite believed to
      be mercapturic acid (N-acetylcysteine conjugate) of aflatoxin B1 was excreted by
      both species, hamster excreting twice as much as the rat.

PMID- 6423271
TI  - Similarity between trans fat and saturated fat in the modification of rat mammary
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Commercial hydrogenation of vegetable oils results in the introduction of trans
      fatty acids. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of feeding a
      fat which contained approximately 38% trans isomers (designated trans fat) on the
      induction of mammary tumors by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rats. The
      corresponding control fat (designated cis fat), which had a similar fatty acid
      composition, consisted of only cis isomers. Since both the trans and cis fats
      were rather saturated, a comparison was also made between these 2 types of fat
      and corn oil, which contains about 60% linoleic acid (C18:2). Each fat was
      present in the diet at 2 levels, 5 and 20% by weight. Although rats fed the 20%
      trans fat or cis fat diets had a slightly higher tumor incidence and yield than
      did those on the corresponding 5% fat control diets, the difference was not
      statistically significant. In contrast, rats fed the 20% corn oil diet developed
      a much greater number of tumors than did rats fed a diet containing only 5% corn
      oil. Further analysis of the data showed that diets containing either trans fat
      or cis fat were much less effective than were the corn oil diets in promoting the
      development of mammary neoplasia at either the 5 or 20% level. Our results thus
      suggest that trans fat behaves very much like a saturated fat in the modification
      of mammary tumorigenesis. A determination of the fatty acid content of the
      mammary fat pad indicated that its composition generally reflected the dietary
      fatty acid intake, with the incorporation of trans isomers into the mammary
      tissue found to be dependent on the quantity of trans fat in the diet.

PMID- 6423272
TI  - Inhibition by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of induction of epidermal ornithine
      decarboxylase caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and teleocidin B.
AB  - Topical application of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3], an
      active form of vitamin D3, markedly inhibited induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin
      B in mouse skin. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the dose and time of
      application of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3. Application of 1 micrograms 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3
      within 30 min before or after treatment with 10 micrograms TPA caused about 72%
      inhibition of ODC induction at 4 hr. Similar degrees of inhibition were obtained
      with dose ratios of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 to TPA of 1:3, 1:10, and 1:30. The dose
      required for 50% inhibition was 0.063 micrograms, or 0.15 nmol, which is about
      one-half that of retinoic acid, a known inhibitor of induction of ODC activity by
      TPA. 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 had a specific inhibitory effect, in which 100 times
      higher doses or more of other derivatives of vitamin D3, such as 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and vitamin
      D3, were required to inhibit ODC induction by TPA. 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 did not
      inhibit epidermal hyperplasia induced by TPA.

PMID- 6423273
TI  - Secretion of proteinase inhibitors by tumorigenic and nontumorigenic guinea pig
      and Syrian hamster fibroblasts: evidence for autocrine regulation of local
      proteolysis.
AB  - A cytokine that inhibits fibrinolysis has been detected in the serum-free culture
      medium of guinea pig and hamster fibroblasts. This proteinase inhibitor was also
      present in Triton X-100 extracts of guinea pig cells. It was stable at pH 3.0 for
      2 hr and was produced by cells rather than assimilated from serum in the culture
      medium as evidenced by: (a) an apparent molecular size (less than 45 kilodaltons)
      less than that of the principal serum-derived proteinase inhibitors; (b) its
      continued secretion after several passages of the cells in serum-free medium; and
      (c) the lack of inhibitory activity in the medium of mitomycin C-treated cells.
      The cytokine inhibited the proteinase activity of human urokinase, soluble TPA
      stimulated guinea pig plasminogen activator, and the cell-associated plasminogen
      activator of tumorigenic guinea pig cells. Soluble plasminogen activator appeared
      to be inhibited to a greater degree than the cell-associated enzyme. The
      fluorogenic substrate (7-(N-carbobenzoxyglycylglycylargininamido)-4
      methylcoumarin was used in a direct assay of proteinase activity and demonstrated
      that the cytokine inhibited both plasminogen activator and plasmin, the two
      proteinases of the fibrinolytic cascade. Tumorigenic guinea pig and hamster
      fibroblasts as well as nontransformed guinea pig fibroblasts were found to
      produce the inhibitory cytokine, and the amount of inhibitor secreted was
      independent of the tumorigenic potential of the cells. Production of the
      inhibitor by normal cells may be related to contact inhibition of growth, and
      this cytokine may contribute to the fine regulation of local proteolysis within
      tissues.

PMID- 6423274
TI  - Absence of an effect of dietary corn oil content on plasma prolactin,
      progesterone, and 17 beta-estradiol in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - Enhancement of mammary tumorigenesis in rats by high-fat diets has been
      postulated to be due to altered hormonal status. Elevated serum prolactin and, in
      some cases, estrogen have been reported in rats fed diets high in corn oil or
      lard that increase 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) tumorigenesis. However,
      we have found no difference in plasma prolactin during the proestrus surge or at
      the other stages of the estrous cycle in rats fed a diet high (24%) in corn oil
      that augments DMBA-induced tumorigenesis or a control diet containing 5% corn
      oil. There was no effect of the same dietary treatment on plasma progesterone or
      serum estradiol in the same experiments. In addition, we found that DMBA
      administration did not change the blood concentration of any of the three
      hormones. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, bearing atrial cannulae and given a
      carcinogenic dose of DMBA at 8 weeks of age, were studied 2 to 5 weeks or 10 to
      13 weeks after DMBA administration. Rats given only the oil vehicle for DMBA were
      studied at the same ages. Blood samples were taken from rats with 4-day estrous
      cycles at 3-hr intervals on the day of proestrus and at 6- to 12-hr intervals on
      the other days of the cycle. No effect of dietary corn oil content or of DMBA
      administration on plasma prolactin and progesterone was detected in either age
      group. On the afternoon of proestrus, rats were sampled more frequently to
      examine the hormonal patterns in detail; again, no dietary effect was detected.
      Serum estradiol was measured in rats that were fed the control or high-corn-oil
      diets, treated with DMBA or vehicle, and decapitated on one of the 4 days of the
      estrous cycle. There was no detectable effect of dietary corn oil content or DMBA
      treatment during any stage of the cycle. All three hormones showed qualitative
      and quantitative patterns identical to normal cycling rats at both ages studied.
      Our results indicate that earlier reports of an effect of dietary fat on blood
      prolactin and estrogen content may have been due either to diets low in essential
      fatty acids or to anesthesia-induced hormonal responses.

PMID- 6423275
TI  - Effects of polyamine depletion on proliferation and differentiation of murine
      erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine have been implicated in the
      regulation of both cell proliferation and differentiation. We have monitored the
      relationship of intracellular polyamine levels with proliferation and
      differentiation of murine Friend erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. The ornithine
      decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine, has been used to inhibit
      MEL proliferation by depleting intracellular putrescine and spermidine. This
      inhibition of MEL proliferation is abrogated by exogenous putrescine, spermidine,
      or spermine. The measurement of intracellular polyamine levels following the
      addition of these exogenous polyamines demonstrates that spermidine is required
      for MEL proliferation. Further, we have found a highly significant relationship
      (p less than 0.0001) between intracellular spermidine levels and MEL
      proliferation. The results also demonstrate that spermidine is required for
      induction of MEL differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylene
      bisacetamide, and butyric acid. Moreover, there is a highly significant
      relationship (p less than 0.0001) between MEL proliferation and differentiation.
      The present study thus suggests that spermidine is involved in cell proliferation
      and, thereby, differentiation of MEL cells.

PMID- 6423276
TI  - Characterization of hepatic DNA damage induced in rats by the pyrrolizidine
      alkaloid monocrotaline.
AB  - Hepatic DNA damage induced by the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline was
      evaluated following i.p. administration to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Animals were treated with various doses ranging upward from 5 mg/kg, and hepatic
      nuclei were isolated 4 hr later. Hepatic nuclei were used as the DNA source in
      all experiments. DNA damage was characterized by the alkaline elution technique.
      A mixture of DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links and DNA-protein cross-links was
      induced. Following an injection of monocrotaline, 30 mg/kg i.p., DNA-DNA
      interstrand cross-linking reached a maximum within 12 hr or less and thereafter
      decreased over a protracted period of time. By 96 hr postadministration, the
      calculated cross-linking factor was no longer statistically different from zero.
      No evidence for the induction of DNA single-strand breaks was observed, although
      the presence of small numbers of DNA single-strand breaks could have been masked
      by the overwhelming predominance of DNA cross-links. These DNA cross-links may be
      related to the hepatocarcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and/or antimitotic effects of
      monocrotaline.

PMID- 6423277
TI  - A model for human colon carcinoma evolution based on the differential response of
      cultured preneoplastic, premalignant, and malignant cells to 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - Small colonic adenocarcinomas can be found in focal areas within benign tumors
      (adenomas), strongly suggesting an adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence. The induction
      of plasminogen activator (PA) secretion by the tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been used to order histologically
      distinct classes of human colonic adenomas in primary culture into a sequence
      from the most benign to the most advanced premalignant state. This ordering is
      based on the observation that each of five carcinomas examined in an earlier
      study by E. A. Friedman (Cancer Res., 41: 4588-4599, 1981) and each of seven
      carcinomas tested in this study released PA in response to TPA, inducing easily
      scored morphological alterations. Benign tumors either resembled carcinomas in
      their response to TPA or exhibited no morphological changes. The most benign
      adenomas by histopathology criteria were the small pure tubular adenomas without
      dysplasia. Six of seven of these adenomas did not secrete PA in response to TPA.
      We concluded that malignant cells had acquired the ability to respond to TPA by
      PA secretion, while tubular adenoma cells were not an advanced enough
      preneoplastic stage to so respond. TPA treatment of two cultured villous
      adenomas, one with infiltrating carcinoma and one with focus of moderately
      dysplastic cells, in the presence of low serum to decrease the plasmin
      concentration, demonstrated that only a subpopulation of cells secreted PA. Local
      areas of the monolayer were morphologically altered by the protease, forming
      clusters of cells loosely attached to the dish. The presence of such
      subpopulations within cultured adenomas was demonstrated by screening an
      additional five villous adenomas, 15 villotubular adenomas, and 11 tubular
      adenomas. The presence of dysplastic cells in 23 of 24 cases correlated with PA
      secretion. A subpopulation of villous cells, in the absence of dysplastic cells
      in each of three cases, also secreted PA. We conclude that, during tumor
      evolution, this villous subpopulation is the first preneoplastic cell type to
      acquire responsiveness to TPA by PA secretion. This property is maintained as the
      cells further evolve through premalignant dysplastic stages to carcinoma.

PMID- 6423278
TI  - Experimental and clinical activity of mitomycin C and cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum in malignant mesothelioma.
AB  - Little information is available regarding the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic
      agents in malignant mesothelioma. Human malignant mesothelioma specimens from two
      patients were successfully transplanted and maintained in homozygous nude mice.
      Screening of chemotherapeutic agents revealed that cisplatin was the most active
      single agent in one line, and mitomycin C in the other. The combination of
      mitomycin C and cisplatin, however, was the most effective regimen for both lines
      of xenografted human mesothelioma. Based on these results in nude mice, a
      clinical trial of mitomycin C and cisplatin was undertaken. Four of 12 patients
      showed objective response (one complete and three partial). These clinical
      results support the usefulness of the nude mouse model for malignant
      mesothelioma.

PMID- 6423279
TI  - The clinical pharmacology of antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 6423280
TI  - Selective depolymerisation of dermatan sulfate: production of radiolabelled
      substrates for alpha-L-iduronidase, sulfoiduronate sulfatase, and beta-D
      glucuronidase.
AB  - Radiolabelled disaccharide substrates for alpha-L-iduronidase, beta-D
      glucuronidase, and sulfoiduronate sulfatase have been prepared from dermatan
      sulfate by application in sequence of N-deacetylation, deaminative cleavage, and
      reduction with NaBT4. The yield of disaccharides was approximately 87% of the
      total oligosaccharide fraction. Five disaccharides were isolated and tentatively
      identified. The major disaccharide, O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1 leads
      to 3)-2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]talitol 4-sulfate (IdoA-anT4S), represented
      approximately 75% of the total disaccharide fraction. The other disaccharides
      were O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1 leads to 3)-2,5-anhydro-D
      [1-3H]talitol 4-sulfate (IdoA2S-anT4S), O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1
      leads to 3)-2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]talitol 4-sulfate (GlcA-anT4S), O-(beta-D
      glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1 leads to 3)-2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]talitol 6-sulfate
      (GlcA-anT6S), and O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1 leads to 3)-2,5-anhydro
      D-[1-3H]talitol (IdoA-anT), which represented approximately 4.5, 11.2, 1.0, and
      1.8%, respectively, of the total disaccharide fraction. When incubated with
      cultured skin-fibroblasts from normal controls, IdoA-anT4S was shown to be a
      sensitive substrate for alpha-L-iduronidase to produce 2,5-anhydro-D-talitol 4
      sulfate (anT4S). Activity toward IdoA-anT4S was not observed with fibroblast
      homogenates from alpha-L-iduronidase-deficient patients (Mucopolysaccharidosis
      Type I). Similarly, normal-fibroblast homogenates degraded GlcA-anT6S to anT6S,
      and GlcA-anT4S to anT4S, at a rate 6 to 8 times greater than found for
      fibroblasts from beta-D-glucuronidase-deficient patients (Mucopolysaccharidosis
      Type VII). IdoA-anT4S was hydrolysed by alpha-L-iduronidase at a rate 365 times
      greater than that for IdoA-anT. Sulfation of the anhydro-D-[1-3H]talitol residues
      is an important structural determinant in the mechanism of action of alpha-L
      iduronidase on disaccharide substrates. IdoA2S-anT4S was degraded to IdoA-anT4S
      and then to anT4S by normal-fibroblast homogenates, whereas fibroblasts from
      alpha-L-iduronidase-deficient and sulfoiduronate sulfatase-deficient
      (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II) patients produced considerably decreased levels
      of anT4s and IdoA-anT4S (and anT4S), respectively.

PMID- 6423281
TI  - Isomeric, anti-rhamnose antibodies having specificity for rhamnose-containing,
      streptococcal heteroglycans.
AB  - L-Rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) is a constituent carbohydrate unit of microbial,
      immunogenic heteroglycans and lipopolysaccharides, and often functions as the
      immunodeterminant group of such immunogens. Two types of anti-rhamnose antibody
      have now been isolated by affinity chromatography of immune sera obtained from
      rabbits immunized with vaccines of Streptococcus mutans, strain KI-R, and
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 32. The antibodies of one type were directed at a
      glycan of L-rhamnose, D-glucose, and D-galactose in the cell wall of S. mutans,
      and those of the other type, against a capsular glycan of L-rhamnose and D
      glucose from S. pneumoniae. The two types of anti-rhamnose antibody were
      immunologically distinct, and showed no reciprocal cross-reactivity. Additional
      properties of the two types of antibody were determined; thus, both types of
      antibody were of the IgG class of immunoglobulins, both possessed molecular
      weights of 1.45 X 10(5), and both consisted of multiple or isomeric forms.

PMID- 6423282
TI  - What's new in anesthesia? Current practice in patients with atherosclerotic
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6423283
TI  - Cefoperazone for urethritis due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Thirty-two men infected with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae were
      treated with a single intramuscular dose of 0.5 gm of cefoperazone. Of the 29
      patients who were followed up, only two (7%) failed to recover; seven patients
      (26%) had postgonococcal urethritis. The MICs of cefoperazone were 0.03
      microgram/ml (three strains), 0.06 microgram/ml (11), 0.12 microgram/ml (nine),
      0.25 microgram/ml (one), and 0.5 microgram/ml (one).

PMID- 6423284
TI  - Competent antigen-binding fragments (Fab) from secretory immunoglobulin A using
      Streptococcus sanguis immunoglobulin A protease.

PMID- 6423285
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse kidney by use
      of radiolabeled alpha-difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and cell growth,
      has been localized in mouse kidney by autoradiography after administration of
      radiolabeled alpha-difluoromethylornithine. This drug is an enzyme-activated
      irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and forms a covalent bond with
      the enzyme. It was found that ornithine decarboxylase is present in all cell
      types studied but that the highest content occurs in the proximal convoluted
      tubules followed by the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting tubules. The
      majority of the enzyme is located in the cytoplasm but about 10-15% is present in
      the nuclei (often associated with nucleolus-like components) of the cells of the
      proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The labeled ornithine decarboxylase was
      lost rapidly from both nucleus and cytoplasm of all the cell types examined, and
      labeling by radioactive alpha-difluoro-methylornithine was greatly reduced if the
      mice were pretreated for 5 h with cycloheximide to block protein synthesis. These
      results indicate that ornithine decarboxylase turns over rapidly in all of the
      cells.

PMID- 6423286
TI  - Disc sensitivity of gonococci to rosoxacin, tetracycline and beta-lactam
      antibiotics.

PMID- 6423287
TI  - A Rhizobium meliloti symbiotic regulatory gene.
AB  - We have characterized a Rhizobium meliloti regulatory gene required for the
      expression of two closely linked symbiotic operons, the nitrogenase operon
      (nifHDK genes) and the "P2" operon. This regulatory gene maps to a 1.8 kb region
      located 5.5 kb upstream of the nifHDK operon. The regulatory gene is required for
      the accumulation of nifHDK and P2 mRNA and for the derepression of an R. meliloti
      nifH-lacZ fusion plasmid during symbiotic growth. The nifH and P2 promoters can
      be activated in free-living cultures of R. meliloti containing plasmids that
      produce the Escherichia coli ntrC(glnG) or the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA
      regulatory gene products constitutively. The R. meliloti regulatory gene
      hybridizes to E. coli ntrC(glnG) and, to a lesser extent, to K. pneumoniae nifA
      DNA. Our results suggest that the R. meliloti regulatory gene acts as a positive
      transcriptional activator and that it is related to the K. pneumoniae nif
      regulatory genes.

PMID- 6423288
TI  - Analogs that compete for antigen binding to an arsonate-reactive T-cell clone
      inhibit the functional response to arsonate.
AB  - We have tested several structurally related haptens, conjugated to ovalbumin, for
      their effect on activation of an inducer T-cell clone reactive to the p
      azobenzenearsonate (arsonate) hapten. Low concentrations of some analogs
      inhibited DNA synthesis and lympkokine production by the clone in response to
      arsanylated antigen, but not in response to the lectin concanavalin A. Inhibition
      was specific for this clone, since the response of clones reactive to other
      antigens was not blocked. Inhibition may result from competition of these analogs
      with arsonate at a site on the T cell. The effectiveness of blocking by arsonate
      analogs parallels their ability to bind to a previously described arsonate
      binding site on the clone (Rao et al., accompanying paper). We suggest that the
      binding and blocking assays detect the same physiological arsonate-recognition
      site on the clone, and hence that the cell-surface arsonate-binding sites we have
      described mediate its physiological response to antigen.

PMID- 6423289
TI  - Mechanisms of serotonin-induced lymphocyte proliferation inhibition.
AB  - When human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin
      in the presence of serotonin, inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation occurred,
      the most marked inhibition occurring at high (10(-3)M) serotonin concentrations.
      This effect could not be reversed by the addition of Interleukin 2 (IL-2)
      containing supernatants. Cytofluorometric analysis showed that virtually all of
      the cells remained in the G0 phase (unactivated) at 24 hr while some of the cells
      entered the G1a and G1b phases of the cell cycle by 42 hr. The cellular
      production of IL-2 was not affected by serotonin, as supernatants of treated
      cultures contained essentially the same IL-2 titers as did control cultures.
      Serotonin seemed to primarily affect cell activation and had little or no effect
      on proliferating cells. This was further confirmed by the lack of effects of
      serotonin on a variety of established proliferating lymphocyte, macrophage, and
      fibroblast cell lines. By contrast, dose-dependent inhibition of IL-2-dependent
      CTLL cells occurred. Serotonin was not toxic even at 10(-3) M concentrations. A
      marked decrease in IL-2 receptors and a change in their distribution on responder
      cells was seen when treated cultures were examined with the anti-Tac monoclonal
      antibody. At 24 hr this effect was contrastingly not seen for the OKT-8 marker,
      although a slight decrease in OKT-4-positive cells was seen. Serotonin thus
      produced an inhibition of lectin-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation via a
      mechanism independent of IL-2 production, and caused a decrease in the expression
      and distribution of IL-2 receptors on the surface of responder cells.

PMID- 6423290
TI  - Modulation of natural killer activity in mice following infection with Listeria
      monocytogenes.
AB  - Mice that received a sublethal, intraperitoneal dose of viable Listeria
      monocytogenes, virulent strain 10403, exhibited a systemic increase in natural
      killer (NK) activity. The kinetics of the response differed with respect to the
      various effector cell populations analyzed. Resident peritoneal cells and
      peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated high NK activity on Days 3, 7, and 10.
      Peak spleen and bone marrow NK activity was observed on Day 3, returning to
      normal levels by Day 7. In contrast, peritoneal exudate cells, elicited with
      proteose peptone, expressed enhanced NK activity for 60 days following infection
      with viable Listeria. Augmented NK activity was detected with all cell types as
      early as 12 hr after infection. The intraperitoneal injection of nonviable
      antigenic preparations derived from L. monocytogenes, strain 10403, resulted in
      the enhancement of peritoneal and splenic NK activity. In contrast, mice that
      received an intraperitoneal injection of avirulent Listeria, strain 19113, failed
      to express enhanced levels of NK activity. The genetic trait of anti-listerial
      resistance which is associated with non-H-2 linked genes was of no importance
      with respect to enhanced NK activity. Listeria-resistant C57BL/6J and Listeria
      susceptible DBA/2J mice both produced systemic augmentation of NK activity
      following infection. NK activity was not abrogated by macrophage depletion or by
      treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement. These results confirm the
      potent immunostimulatory capacity of virulent Listeria for NK activity and
      provide further insight into the kinetics of this response in various lymphoid
      compartments. The protracted augmentation of NK activity of elicited peritoneal
      exudate cells as compared to nonelicited peritoneal cells in Listeria-primed mice
      suggests that the influx of inflammatory cells may provide NK-enriched and/or
      accessory populations for immunopotentiation of NK activity in inflammatory
      sites.

PMID- 6423291
TI  - Strain differences in the development of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody regulation
      with age: genetic linkage to the Igh-C locus.
AB  - The effect of age on the appearance of anti-idiotype (Id)-blocked, hapten
      augmentable plaque-forming cells (PFC) in various strains of mice was
      investigated. Strains of mice at 2 and 6-11 months of age were immunized with 500
      micrograms trinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin (TNP-BGG) in complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intraperitoneally. Splenic IgM and IgG anti-TNP PFC
      responses were assayed for anti-Id-blocked, hapten-augmentable PFC 14 days after
      immunization. It was found that strains differ with regard to the age at which
      they produce anti-Id-blocked, hapten-augmentable PFC. C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/1J, and
      C3H/HeJ mice produced a significantly high percentage of hapten-augmentable IgG
      anti-TNP PFC at 8-9 months of age as compared with the 2-month-old group. In
      contrast, 129/J, AKR/J, and C57L/J mice produced a significantly low percentage
      of hapten-augmentable PFC at 6-7 months of age as compared with the 2-month-old
      group. The CBA/J mice were high-hapten-augmentable plaque producers at both 2 and
      7 months of age. SJL/J mice were, on the other hand, low producers at 2 and 11
      months of age. Immune sera from high hapten-augmentable plaque-producing strains
      caused a hapten-reversible block of plaque formation by spleen cells from TNP-BGG
      immune C57BL/6J mice and also revealed anti-(anti-TNP F(ab')2-IgG) titer as
      assayed by passive hemagglutination. This PFC-inhibiting activity in the immune
      sera of old C57BL/6J mice was an antibody of the IgG2a and IgG3 classes, lacked
      anti-TNP antibody activity, but reacted with anti-TNP antibody of C57BL/6J
      origin. Genetic analysis between high hapten-augmentable plaque production and
      allotypes in the (129/J X B6) crosses of the same H-2b haplotypes revealed that
      all of the backcrosses and F2 with high hapten-augmentable plaque production had
      the Igh-1a allele of the high-producer, 129/J mouse. In contrast, the crosses
      with low hapten-augmentable plaque production were homozygous for the Igh-1b
      allele of the low-producer, B6 mouse. The data suggest strain differences in the
      development of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody regulation with age which may be
      controlled by a gene(s) linked to the Igh-C locus.

PMID- 6423292
TI  - A case report of the successful treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with
      some preparations of orally administered transfer factor.
AB  - A patient with severe disabling recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was treated
      with four different preparations of oral human transfer factor (TF), as well as
      placebo, following a double-blind protocol. Two of the TF preparations had a
      significant effect upon the course of the patient's illness by prolonging the
      interval between attacks and decreasing the severity of attacks. No side effects
      attributable to any of the preparations were noted by the patient. Thus, some but
      not all preparations of human transfer factor given orally are an effective
      therapy for RAS.

PMID- 6423293
TI  - Second International Workshop on Immunogenetics and Immunobiology of the Rabbit.

PMID- 6423294
TI  - Contractile and structural reactions to impediments of Ca2+-homeostasis in
      Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - A combined application of 5 mM KCN and 19 microM Ca++-ionophore A-23187 leads to
      pronounced contractures of plasmodial strands of Physarum polycephalum. The
      appearance of the contractures is independent of the amount of Ca++ in the
      external medium. Tensiometric registrations of longitudinal contraction activity
      (isometric regime) reveal an average tension increase of 50 mp compared with the
      preceding tension level before the addition of KCN and ionophore. This high force
      output during the contracture coincides with a pronounced increase in the number
      of cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils. Their ultrastructure is seen as a high lateral
      density of strictly parallel arranged F-actin filaments; the state of cytoplasmic
      actomyosin during this isometric contracture corresponds to the ultrastructure of
      isometrically contracted fibrils during the normal contraction-relaxation cycle
      of this organism. A simultaneous impediment of respiration and Ca++ homeostasis
      strongly favours a shift of the actin equilibrium to the high polymeric side in
      the form of fibrils and may thus be used as a preparatory step improving the
      specimens in the context of other investigations, e.g., for immunocytochemical
      investigations or for the preparation of cell-free models to be reactivated after
      extraction procedures.

PMID- 6423295
TI  - [Levels of SP1 in the serum of women during physiological pregnancy].

PMID- 6423296
TI  - [Observations on developmental disorders of the pars coeca retinae and the
      retinal pigment epithelium].

PMID- 6423297
TI  - [Growth changes in children on total parenteral nutrition through a central
      venous catheter].

PMID- 6423298
TI  - The specificity of enzyme immunoassays for plasma 11-deoxycortisol.

PMID- 6423299
TI  - Synthesis of octadecachloroquaterphenyls and the ratio of six types of
      polychlorinated quaterphenyl isomers in the blood of "yusho" patients.

PMID- 6423300
TI  - Development of lipophilic prodrugs of mitomycin C. III. Physiochemical and
      biological properties of newly synthesized alkoxycarbonyl derivatives.

PMID- 6423301
TI  - Plasma levels of tegafur following implantation of polycarbonate pellets
      containing tegafur or FD-1 into rats.

PMID- 6423302
TI  - [Observations on the effects of a cleansing enema using oral mannitol].

PMID- 6423303
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children. Report of 4 cases].
AB  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (X.G.P.) is a rare unilateral manifestation of
      chronic interstitial nephritis. 4 new cases of X.G.P. in children are reported.
      The authors review 60 cases of the literature since 1963. The X.G.P. has no
      predominant sex distribution. The age extended especially between 1 to 5 years.
      The diffuse type is more common in boys, and the localized type in girls. The
      clinical signs : fever, abdominal pain, weight loss, urinary infection, abdominal
      mass. Proteus Mirabilis is the main organism in the diffuse form and Escherichia
      Coli in the focal form. Actually, the disease is often diagnosed before surgery.
      The treatment is always nephrectomy and the prognosis is very good (benign). The
      final diagnosis of X.G.P. can only be made by histological examination.
      Etiopathogenesis remains obscure : urinary tract infection and obstruction,
      arterial and veinous lesions, local immunity deficiency.

PMID- 6423304
TI  - Cytotoxicity of mitomycin C on clonogenic human carcinoma cells is not enhanced
      by hypoxia.
AB  - The bioreductive alkylating agent mitomycin C (mitomycin) has been shown to have
      greater activity under hypoxic than oxic conditions on murine cell lines such as
      the EMT-6 fibrosarcoma cell line. Solid tumors are known to contain hypoxic cells
      and are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation and some chemotherapeutic
      agents. We tested the cytotoxicity of mitomycin against fresh biopsies of human
      carcinomas under both hypoxic and oxic conditions in the human tumor clonogenic
      assay (HTCA). Additionally, we examined the metabolism of mitomycin by sonicates
      of the murine EMT-6 cells and the human WiDR colon carcinoma cells. We confirmed
      that under our clonogenic assay conditions the EMT-6 cell line was more sensitive
      to mitomycin under hypoxic than oxic conditions. Additionally, we established
      that EMT-6 cells also metabolize mitomycin at a more rapid rate under hypoxic
      than oxic conditions. However, these effects of hypoxia on mitomycin activity
      were not demonstrable for the human WiDR colon cancer cell line. In addition to
      these findings, the cytotoxicity of mitomycin was either unchanged or reduced
      under hypoxic conditions for ten fresh human tumors tested for mitomycin
      sensitivity in HTCA. Based on these observations, we conclude that the
      potentiating effect of hypoxia on mitomycin metabolism and biological activity
      may be peculiar to the murine EMT-6 and S-180 cell lines and that mitomycin C is
      not likely to have differential efficacy against hypoxic human carcinoma cells.

PMID- 6423305
TI  - Completion of excision repair patches in human cell preparations: identification
      of a probable mode of excision and resynthesis.
AB  - Excision repair of u.v. damage in human fibroblasts is more sensitive to
      inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha (cytosine arabinoside, aphidicolin) than to an
      inhibitor of polymerase beta (dideoxythymidine), which indicates a greater role
      in repair for polymerase alpha than for polymerase beta. These inhibitors all
      generate shortened patches with free 3' termini; the detailed structure of these
      patches was investigated in permeable cells or isolated nuclei by degradation of
      DNA with exonuclease III and by resynthesis with DNA polymerase I (Klenow
      fragment) and T4 DNA ligase. The structure of the shortened patches appears to be
      a short stretch of DNA synthesized in the 5'----3' direction within a longer
      single-strand gap. The single-strand gap ahead of the 3' terminus can be bridged
      only by the combined action of polymerase and ligase. This structure implies that
      excision must involve removal of an oligonucleotide or widening of a gap by 5'---
      3' exonuclease action to produce a single-strand region wide enough to be a
      substrate for polymerase alpha. There is no evidence for structures generated by
      nick translation or strand displacement.

PMID- 6423306
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to DNA modified by a benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse P3 X 63 Ag8.653 myeloma
      cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/cCr mice immunized with either DNA
      modified by 7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]-pyrene (BPDE-I-DNA) complexed electrostatically to methylated
      bovine serum albumin or with BPDE-I modified guanosine conjugated with bovine
      serum albumin, BPDE-I-G-BSA. One monoclonal hybridoma line from each type of
      immunization was grown as ascites tumors or in defined media and characterized in
      an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody produced from the
      spleen cells of a BPDE-I-DNA immunized mouse, designated 5D11, recognizes BPDE-I
      DNA and DNA modified by 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 beta,10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE II) but not unmodified DNA, N-2
      acetylaminofluorene (AAF) or 1-nitropyrene (NP) modified DNA, BPDE-II-dG or BPDE
      I tetraol. It does recognize BPDE-I-dG but with a much lower affinity than when
      the adduct is present in DNA. In contrast, antibody 8E11 produced from the spleen
      cells of a BPDE-I-G-BSA immunized mouse recognizes the monoadduct BPDE-I-dG
      better than BPDE-I-DNA. It also recognizes BPDE-I tetraol but not BPDE-II-DNA,
      unmodified DNA, AAF- or NP-DNA or BPDE-II-dG. In a noncompetitive ELISA as little
      as 3 fmol of BPDE-I-DNA adduct can be detected with either antibody 5D11 or 8E11.
      The combination of the highly sensitive ELISA and highly specific monoclonal
      antibodies should be valuable in the detection and quantitation of human exposure
      to benzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 6423307
TI  - The development of hepatocellular tumours following aflatoxin B1 exposure of the
      partially hepatectomised mouse.
AB  - The effects of a single i.p. injection of 6 micrograms aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/g
      bodyweight, administered 46 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) on the liver of
      STCF1 mice, were investigated. The study was terminated after 104 weeks. High
      incidences of hepatocellular carcinomata and adenomata developed in PH mice
      exposed to AFB1 whereas only background incidences of hepatocellular tumours were
      observed in non-PH AFB1-exposed mice and in PH or non-PH controls. The
      regenerative hyperplasia that follows PH appears to promote the carcinogenic
      effects of AFB1 but does not promote any oncogenic susceptibility present in the
      control mice. The incidences of lung adenomata and adenocarcinomata were not
      significantly altered by the single exposure of AFB1.

PMID- 6423308
TI  - Comparison of dietary carbohydrates for promotion of DMBA-induced mammary
      tumorigenesis in rats.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies have suggested that sugar consumption is correlated with
      risk of breast cancer. We tested this possibility using the 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor rat model. Rats were fed
      diets containing one of three carbohydrates: sucrose, lactose, or corn starch.
      Tumor yields were similar in the groups fed sucrose and corn starch but
      significantly lower in the animals fed lactose. Consumption of starch was
      associated with the most palpable tumors which weighed significantly more than
      tumors from the other groups. These data indicate significant effects on
      promotion of mammary tumorigenesis by dietary carbohydrates.

PMID- 6423309
TI  - Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on the induction of toxicity and transformation by
      ethyl methanesulfonate and methylcholanthrene in BALB/3T3 cells.
AB  - 3-Aminobenzamide, a potent inhibitor of nuclear poly ADP-ribosyl synthetase, was
      tested for its ability to alter the toxic and/or transforming effects of ethyl
      methanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate and 3-methylcholanthrene in BALB/3T3
      clone A31-1 cells. 3-Aminobenzamide enhanced the toxic effects of both ethyl
      methanesulfonate and methyl methanesulfonate in a dose dependent manner, but had
      minimal effects on 3-methylcholanthrene induced toxicity. Similarly, 3
      aminobenzamide greatly enhanced ethyl methanesulfonate induced transformation
      while failing to enhance the transformation of BALB/3T3 clone A31-1 cells by 3
      methylcholanthrene. These results stress the importance of poly ADP-ribosyl
      synthetase in repair of DNA damage and the chemical induction of transformation
      in vitro.

PMID- 6423310
TI  - Skin tumor formation in the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.) after topical
      initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promotion with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).
AB  - Initiation with the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene followed by
      promotion with the hyperplasiogenic phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate carried out on the dorsal skin of European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus
      L.) led to the formation of a broad spectrum of skin tumors in terms of a two
      stage principle. Tumor formation involved the epidermis and its appendages, the
      connective tissue, and the vascular and pigmentary system. With regard to the
      sensitivity to initiation with DMBA alone and initiation with DMBA and promotion
      with TPA the European hamster occupies a special position since all of the DMBA
      TPA sensitive two-stage target organs known from the mouse, rabbit, Syrian golden
      hamster and rat are combined in this animal.

PMID- 6423311
TI  - The effects of ascorbic acid deficiency and excess on the metabolism and toxicity
      of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine in the guinea pig.
AB  - The influence of ascorbate deficiency and megadosage on the metabolism of N
      nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) was investigated in
      the guinea pig. After 21 days on a scorbutogenic diet, microsomal cytochrome P
      450 and cytochrome b5 levels fell by 51 and 32%, respectively, while cytochrome c
      reductase activity remained constant. The activities of NDMA and NDEA dealkylase
      I were also depressed significantly. The Vmax of NDMA demethylase I and NDEA
      deethylase I was significantly depressed. Also, ascorbate deficiency
      significantly decreased the plasma clearance of both nitrosamines though the LD50
      of neither were altered by ascorbate nutrition. Covalent binding of 14C from
      [14C]NDMA and [14C]NDEA to DNA obtained from liver slices was significantly lower
      in the deficient than in the control samples; megadosage appeared to have the
      opposite effect.

PMID- 6423312
TI  - Inhalation injury and positive pressure ventilation in a sheep model.
AB  - The mortality rate of inhalation injury was lowered in six chronically
      instrumented sheep through positive pressure ventilation and positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP). Six range ewes were prepared for study by implanting
      catheters to measure lung lymph flow and cardiopulmonary variables. After
      surgery, these animals were studied in the unanesthetized state and then
      subjected to an inhalation by insufflating them with smoke from burning cotton.
      Following the smoking procedure, the animals were studied for 72 hr. All had
      marked falls in arterial oxygen tension and they developed dyspnea within 24 hr.
      The inhalation injury produced a marked change in lung lymph flow concomitant
      with an elevation in the lymph to plasma (L/P) oncotic pressure ratio. This is
      characteristic of a change in microvascular permeability to protein. A
      tracheostomy was performed at 72 hr and the animals were connected to positive
      pressure ventilators with PEEP. All six animals survived. It was concluded that
      the sheep lung lymph preparation is a very suitable model for the study of
      inhalation injury and positive pressure ventilation.

PMID- 6423313
TI  - Anesthetic-induced changes in cardiovascular and small intestinal responses to
      endotoxin in the rat.
AB  - The influence of anesthesia on endotoxin shock patterns in the rat was examined.
      Blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, glucose, lactate, and pathology
      of the small intestine were measured before and after endotoxin (40 mg/kg)
      challenge in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The three groups studied were: (1)
      enflurane anesthetized (N = 10), (2) ketamine anesthetized (N = 10), and (3)
      awake and unrestrained (N = 13). Measurements were made during 30 min prior to
      endotoxin injection (IV) and for 240 min afterward. Reflex tachycardia, which
      occurred in the awake group simultaneously with the initial endotoxin-induced
      hypotension, was not present during either enflurane or ketamine anesthesia.
      Significantly less gross intestinal pathology was found at 4 hr after endotoxin
      in the anesthetized groups compared to the awake group. These results suggest
      that the response of the sympathoadrenal system to the hypotension following
      endotoxin may be blunted in the anesthetized animal.

PMID- 6423314
TI  - Treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria with terfenadine.
AB  - The usefulness of antihistamines is impaired by their sedative side effects. In a
      double blind crossover study of twenty-four patients with chronic idiopathic
      urticaria, we have found terfenadine to be a non-sedative and highly effective
      drug.

PMID- 6423315
TI  - Sodium cromoglycate in histamine and methacholine reactivity in asthma.
AB  - The effect of increasing concentrations of inhaled sodium cromoglycate (SCG) (2,
      10, 20 and 40 g/l) on histamine and methacholine bronchial reactivity was studied
      in nine patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma. The responses to histamine and
      methacholine were expressed in terms of provocative concentrations producing 20%
      fall in the FEV1 (PC20). The PC20 for histamine and methacholine was unaffected
      by all the concentrations of SCG used in the study. These results suggest that
      the effect of SCG on the bronchial smooth muscle or on the muscarinic receptors
      is minimal.

PMID- 6423316
TI  - Systemic mastocytosis in a 5-year-old child: successful treatment with disodium
      cromoglycate.
AB  - Most clinical signs and symptoms of systemic mastocytosis (SM) are attributed to
      histamine release. We report here a 5-year-old male child with SM, who suffered
      from the age of 4 months from disseminated skin lesions, vomiting, diarrhoea,
      abdominal pain, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, somnolence, and transient
      blindness, triggered by heat and egg ingestion. Oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG)
      or placebo were started in a single blind trial at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day in
      four divided doses. The child was studied for 21 months during the administration
      of three courses of DSCG, each of 6 months' duration, interspersed with three 1
      month courses of placebo. During treatment with DSCG all the systemic
      manifestations improved, and the histaminaemia decreased. During the placebo
      periods the symptoms, signs, and histaminaemia recurred.

PMID- 6423317
TI  - Delivery of sodium cromoglycate by pressurized aerosol.
AB  - Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) has recently been formulated as a pressurized aerosol.
      Twenty-five asthmatic outpatients taking SCG via the Spinhaler were studied in a
      double-dummy, double-blind cross-over trial in which subjects took Spincaps
      containing 20 mg of SCG for 2 months, and for the alternate 2 months were treated
      with SCG aerosol delivering 1 mg/actuation. There was no evidence of clinical
      deterioration occurring during the period on aerosol SCG. During this period
      however cough frequency was significantly lower and when data for the 8-13 and 14
      46 year age groups were analysed separately, this decrease was seen to be
      confined to the younger group. Furthermore, this group but not the adults, showed
      a significant improvement in morning peak expiratory flow rate. We conclude that
      the aerosol preparation of SCG is a useful alternative to delivery by Spinhaler
      for patients who are able to coordinate, and that it may have special advantages
      for children.

PMID- 6423318
TI  - Iodination of thyroliberin by use of Iodogen.
AB  - In this method of labeling thyroliberin for radioimmunoassay, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro
      3 alpha,6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril (Iodogen) is used as oxidant. By cation
      exchange chromatography and in response to antibody, thyroliberin so labeled
      behaved similarly to that produced by the conventional Chloramine-T method. Major
      advantages of the Iodogen method are its reliability, simplicity, and higher
      yield of stable RIA label in its most convenient (diiodinated) form.

PMID- 6423319
TI  - Interferences with potentiometry of CO2 in the Ektachem 400 Analyzer.
AB  - We have investigated the Kodak Ektachem 400 Analyzer procedure for CO2 for
      interferences from benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and several compounds
      structurally similar to benzoic acid. Benzoic acid in plasma, at concentrations
      found in neonates intoxicated with benzyl alcohol, caused a large increase in the
      results for CO2, as did substantially above-normal concentrations of certain
      fatty acids and keto-acids, and toxic concentrations of aspirin. We observed a
      correlation between increasing benzoic acid concentrations (up to 17 mmol/L) and
      falsely increasing CO2 values (greater than 47 mmol/L) obtained with the Ektachem
      Analyzer for samples from a neonate in the intensive-care unit, who was receiving
      benzyl alcohol-preserved saline solutions. Although the Ektachem CO2 procedure is
      simple and rapid, and in most cases accurate, questionable results are
      occasionally encountered, as indicated by a low anion gap or a measured CO2
      exceeding that calculated from blood gas measurements. Such results require the
      use of another method for verification.

PMID- 6423320
TI  - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary-thyroid system function
      infertile women after surgical castration.
AB  - The Authors evaluate the effect of surgical castration on thyroid function of
      fertile women, and the response of TSH to TRH before and 30 days after
      castration.

PMID- 6423321
TI  - Prolactin plasma levels and oral contraceptives at low dosage.
AB  - In the present study the Authors consider whether estroprogestins at low dosage
      may influence the basal levels of plasma Prolactin in a group of patients
      subdivided on the basis of their different ways of life. The results show that
      oral contraceptives containing 30 microgrammes of EE do not induce modifications
      on PRL levels; however these are significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01)
      lower in the smoker group. It has therefore been hypothesised that smoke may
      interfere with the regulatory mechanisms of PRL, even if the practical effects of
      such action in the ambit of the physiopathology of reproduction is not yet clear.

PMID- 6423322
TI  - Comparative measurements of plasma binding capacity and concentration of human
      sex hormone binding globulin.
AB  - Comparisons are made of the plasma binding capacity and concentration of sex
      hormone binding globulin. Concentration was measured by electroimmunodiffusion
      standardised in terms of mass of the protein and binding capacity by two methods
      measuring the binding of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Isolation of steroid bound
      by SHBG was by either ammonium sulphate precipitation or cellulose filter discs.
      Both binding methods correlate highly with electroimmunodiffusion indicating they
      respond similarly to changes in the plasma concentration of the protein. However,
      they do not equally reflect the actual concentration. Estimates of the molecular
      mass of the protein of 188000 and 100000 from the precipitation and disc methods
      respectively, suggest the former measures less of the protein present than does
      the latter. A parallel reduction in binding capacity and concentration is seen in
      obese post-menopausal females. This previously unreported finding suggests that
      the reduced plasma binding capacity of sex hormone binding globulin in obesity is
      not due to altered or impaired steroid binding.

PMID- 6423323
TI  - Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary
      xanthinuria.
AB  - The purine metabolism of four cases with marked hypouricemia (serum uric acid
      concentration of less than 0.018 mmol/l) from three Japanese families was
      investigated. Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) and purine-nucleoside
      phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) activities of the patients were within the normal
      ranges. Urinary hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations were 0.096-0.397 mmol/l
      and 0.743-1.717 mmol/l, respectively. Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activities in
      the jejunal mucosa of the two normal controls were 0.257 and 0.283 units/g
      protein, while those of three of the patients were extremely low and could not be
      determined. The findings of these biochemical features may indicate that the four
      patients have hereditary xanthinuria. In order to study the purine metabolism in
      the hypouricemic condition of this disorder, a single oral dose of allopurinol (4
      hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) was administered in one case. The excretion
      pattern of allopurinol and oxypurinol (4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) in
      the urine of the patient was similar to that of a normal control male. These data
      suggest that some residual enzyme activity may be functioning in vivo, although
      the presence of xanthine oxidase could not be detected.

PMID- 6423324
TI  - Surgical management of pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 6423325
TI  - Unusual acidic light chains in murine SLE serum.
AB  - The sera of autoimmune and other mouse strains were analysed by high resolution
      two dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The most striking
      finding was the presence of unusually acidic immunoglobulin light chains in sera
      from 4-5 month old MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Similar light chains were found in lesser
      amounts in NZB/NZW and BXSB sera, and traces were observed in MRL/Mp-+/+, NZB,
      and in normal sera. The intensity of the acidic light chain spots increased with
      age in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice, coincident with the development of autoimmunity.
      These acidic light chains circulated as components of complete IgG molecules, as
      they were no longer demonstrable in serum which had been rendered free of IgG by
      absorption with Cowans strain staphylococci. Because both cryoglobulins and
      glomerular eluates from MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice contained acidic immunoglobulin light
      chains, these molecules may be involved in immune complex formation and resultant
      injury.

PMID- 6423326
TI  - Differences in predominant T cell phenotypes and distribution pattern in
      reactional lesions of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - The nature and histological pattern of the cutaneous infiltrates of 17 leprosy
      patients in reversal reactions (Type I) and erythema nodosum leprosum (Type II,
      ENL) were compared with tissues from 18 non-reactional borderline leprosy (BT,
      BL) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients using monoclonal antibodies and
      immunofluorescence. Reactional BT lesions showed a mild increase in OKT11+ pan T
      cells as compared to non-reactional tissues and a significant influx of OKT8+
      (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells which were peripherally localized in the lymphocyte
      mantle surrounding the epithelioid cells. The Leu 3a+ (helper/inducer) cells were
      scattered amongst the lymphocytes and macrophages. The mean ratio (+/- s.d.) of
      Leu 3a+/OKT8+ cells was 1.88 +/- 0.64 in Type I BT reactions as compared to 2.95
      +/- 0.95 in BT lesions. In contrast, lesions of BL reversal reactions and ENL
      showed a more marked increase in pan T cells with a preponderance of the
      helper/inducer subset, Leu 3a+/OKT8+ ratio being 2.26 +/- 0.61 and 0.93 +/- 0.57
      in BL reactional and non-reactional lesions, respectively. Interestingly, this
      increase in the numbers of the T cells reached levels observed in BT lesions. The
      distribution pattern of OKT8+ cells was similar to Leu 3a+, both being diffusely
      scattered amongst the bacilli laden macrophages. Ia like antigens were present in
      all granulomas and were abundant on lymphocytes and macrophages and less
      conspicuous on epithelioid cells. T6+ Langerhans cells were uniformly increased
      in all reactional lesions. It would appear that the changes observed in both Type
      I and Type II reactions are similar in the lepromatous group of patients. They
      differ significantly from the BT reversal reaction in terms of the dominant T
      cell subset and the microanatomical distribution of the OKT8+ cells in the
      lesions.

PMID- 6423327
TI  - Characterization of the subclasses and light chain types of IgG antibodies to
      rubella.
AB  - IgG subclasses of antibodies to rubella were determined in indirect enzyme linked
      immunoassay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgG1, IgG2,
      IgG3 and IgG4. Eleven sera from women with long past history of rubella, two
      hyperimmune and five non-hyperimmune immunoglobulin preparations were tested.
      Light chain types of the antibodies were tested in ELISA with polyclonal specific
      antibodies to kappa and lambda chains. Antibodies to rubella in the sera as well
      as in the immunoglobulin preparations were found in the IgG1 subclass only. Both
      light chain types were present in the antibodies.

PMID- 6423328
TI  - The beneficial effect of mannitol on postoperative renal function in children
      undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
AB  - A randomized prospective controlled study of prophylactic administration of
      mannitol 0.5 g/kg body weight in 40 children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
      surgery showed significant lower plasma creatinine concentrations and urinary
      albumin excretion rates in the treated compared to the control group.

PMID- 6423329
TI  - Methodology of molar pregnancy termination.

PMID- 6423330
TI  - The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy.

PMID- 6423331
TI  - Evidence that paired helical filaments originate from neurofilaments--electron
      microscope observations of neurites in senile plaques in the brain in Alzheimer's
      disease.
AB  - Neurites in senile plaques in the cerebral cortex from an autopsied case of
      Alzheimer's disease were examined by electron microscope. Swollen axons
      containing vastly increased numbers of neurofilaments (NF) together with paired
      helical filaments (PHF) were common. In some of these axons the continuity of NF
      with PHF was frequently discernible. In one, there were numerous figures of
      continuity in a bundle, indicating transition from NF to PHF. Moreover, some of
      these figures showed that two NF seemed to join to form one PHF. No straight 15
      nm filament was noted anywhere in the sectioned plane of this axon. Instead, NF
      appeared to have contacts with many coated vesicles here and in the other swollen
      and/or degenerated axons that showed the coexistence of PHF with NF. These
      observations suggest not only that PHF originate from NF but that individual NF
      can be converted simultaneously and directly into PHF, possibly by a chemical
      modification without their first forming straight filaments.

PMID- 6423332
TI  - Experimental pancreatic carcinoma as a model of human pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - Experimental pancreatic carcinoma induced by BHP in hamsters and by DMBA in rats
      are compared with human pancreatic carcinoma. Tubular adenocarcinoma and
      papillary adenocarcinoma in human pancreas and hamster pancreas appeared to be
      similar. However, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and acinar cell carcinoma
      were not observed in the experimental hamster model. Poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma and acinar cell carcinoma in human and rat pancreas were similar
      but experimentally induced papillary adenocarcinoma and cystoadenocarcinoma were
      not observed in the rat. Mucin producing cells were usually observed in human and
      experimental pancreatic carcinoma in the hamster but were rarely noted in the
      rat. These results indicate that experimental pancreatic carcinoma either in rats
      or hamsters is a good model for the understanding of both the histogenesis and
      the carcinogenesis of human pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6423333
TI  - Bone tissue in Paget's disease treated by ethane-1, hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate
      (EHDP). Structure, ultrastructure, and immunocytology.
AB  - Diphosphonates have been used in the management of Paget's disease of bone
      because of their experimentally demonstrated antiosteoclastic activity. Light
      microscopic examination of bone tissue from 13 patients with Paget's bone disease
      who were receiving (EHDP) treatment showed considerably reduced osteoclastic
      resorption accompanied by gradual replacement of irregular woven bone by lamellar
      tissue. Electron microscopic examination confirmed that pagetoid osteoclasts are
      morphologically abnormal cells and degenerate after EHDP treatment. EHDP does not
      affect the measles nucleocapsid-like inclusions in the osteoclast nuclei.
      Immunocytologic analysis showed that during EHDP treatment viral antigens of the
      measles type persist in the cytoplasm and nuclei of osteoclasts even when these
      cells are greatly altered. These findings support the hypothesis of a viral
      etiology in Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 6423334
TI  - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine.
AB  - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a
      newly recognized entity. As the incidence of this disease was exceptionally high
      in Japan, the Japanese Ministry of Public Health and Welfare instituted a special
      commission for the investigation of this perplexing disease; since 1975 this
      committee has performed an intensive study of 2100 patients with OPLL in Japan.
      An epidemiologic study was conducted by this group in Japan and in eastern
      Asiatic countries. Symptoms and disabilities caused by the disease were
      described. Roentgenographic findings were classified as continuous, segmental,
      mixed, or localized. OPLL at the thoracic and lumbar levels combined with
      ossification of the yellow ligament was described, and the risk of spinal cord
      damage as well as the importance of tomography and computerized tomographic
      scanning were stressed. No conclusions were reached concerning etiology, but
      common findings included a generalized hyperostotic tendency, a tendency for
      abnormal glucose metabolism, and low enteral calcium absorption. A relatively
      high hereditary occurrence was noted. Conservative and surgical treatment methods
      were described, with particular reference to spinal canal-widening operations.

PMID- 6423335
TI  - Effect of a diphosphonate on the osteoinductive activity of rat bone matrix.
AB  - Implants of demineralized allogeneic bone were investigated to determine the
      effects of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on the osteoinductive effect
      of bone matrix. Implants of matrix prepared from bones of rats treated by EHDP
      (20 mg/kg/day) produced 40% less ash than implants of normal bone matrix. These
      results indicate that EHDP not only interferes with mineralization but also has a
      direct effect on protein metabolism of bone cells.

PMID- 6423336
TI  - Free level monitoring of antiepileptic drugs. Clinical usefulness and case
      studies.
AB  - The free fraction of phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid shows
      considerable interindividual variability, especially in the presence of
      associated disease or drug interactions. When binding is altered, the total
      concentration no longer reflects the amount of pharmacologically active drug in
      the plasma: this may mislead the clinician into making inappropriate dosage
      adjustments. Measuring the free drug concentration eliminates a potential source
      of interpretative errors and may be preferentially used to monitor therapy in
      selected patients.

PMID- 6423337
TI  - Aicardi syndrome. A cause of infantile seizures.

PMID- 6423338
TI  - Diurnal variation in valproic acid clearance.
AB  - Diurnal variation in total and unbound valproic acid concentrations was measured
      at steady state in seven healthy men and three healthy women after 250-mg oral
      doses every 12 hr. Total average steady-state concentration (Css) during the
      morning dosage interval was 50.4 mg/l. During the evening dosage interval, total
      Css was 45.7 mg/l. Unbound Css was also less during the evening (2.9 and 3.4
      mg/l). These changes were due to higher total and unbound clearance rates during
      the evening dosage interval. Total peak concentrations were lower (56.8 and 64.3
      mg/l) and time of peak concentrations slightly longer (2.2 and 1.8 hr) during the
      evening. There was marked interindividual variability in all these changes. For
      best reproducibility of steady-state valproic acid concentrations, our results
      suggest that total and unbound levels be drawn at the same time of day.

PMID- 6423339
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of renal clearance and plasma clearance of 99mTc
      labelled diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate, 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra
      acetate and inulin in man.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to study the kinetics of 99mTc-labelled
      diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (DTPA) as compared with inulin and 51Cr-labelled
      ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA). Twenty patients with various degrees of
      decreased renal function were studied. The renal clearance, plasma clearance and
      volume of distribution of all three tracers were measured after a simultaneous
      single injection. The average renal clearance ratio 99mTc-DTPA to inulin was
      0.97; the average renal clearance ratio 99mTc-DTPA to 51Cr-EDTA was 1.02. In all
      patients the plasma clearance of inulin exceeded that of 99mTc-DTPA. No
      difference was seen between the plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA. The
      plasma clearance of all three tracers overestimated the simultaneously measured
      renal clearance; on average this was, for 99mTc-DTPA 5.7 ml/min, for 51Cr-EDTA
      6.0 ml/min and for inulin 8.1 ml/min. The plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA
      correlated well with the renal clearance of inulin, but overestimated this by 3.5
      ml/min on average. The volume of distribution of inulin was less than that of
      99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA. No difference was seen between the volume of
      distribution of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA. It is concluded that the difference in
      the kinetics of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA in patients with decreased renal
      function was small and without clinical relevance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6423340
TI  - Discrepancies between in vitro activity of and in vivo response to antimicrobial
      agents.
AB  - The correlation between in vitro antimicrobial activity and the in vivo response
      to antimicrobial therapy is affected by multiple host factors, the site and
      nature of the infection, and the pharmacokinetics of the antimicrobial and its
      penetration into areas of infection. In certain instances, discrepancies are also
      caused by methodologically-related variables of in vitro susceptibility tests.
      Examples of discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo response to antimicrobial
      are discussed.

PMID- 6423341
TI  - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics for
      bacterial control strains.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 21 broad spectrum beta-lactam
      antibiotics for five bacterial control strains, as determined by a microtube
      method in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth, are reported.

PMID- 6423342
TI  - Vasodilator drugs.
AB  - This article demonstrates conclusively that systemic vasodilator therapy is an
      important new medical treatment for acute and chronic heart failure. Initially,
      vasodilators were used only when digitalis and diuretics could not adequately
      treat congestive heart failure. Now many clinicians view the vasodilators as
      equal or even better alternatives than digitalis and diuretics. There is no doubt
      that vasodilator therapy is one of the major advances in the treatment of heart
      failure.

PMID- 6423343
TI  - Mammalian bites.

PMID- 6423344
TI  - Costing services for the elderly in a multispecialty hospital.

PMID- 6423345
TI  - The use of hemoglobin solutions in kidney perfusions.
AB  - Solutions of hemoglobin have often been considered for both hypothermic and
      normothermic perfusion of isolated kidneys. This paper considers basic issues,
      preparative techniques, and the viscosity of hemoglobin solutions, as well as the
      demands made by the kidney on a perfusate. The natural system of oxygen transport
      in higher animals is complex, and its perturbation to produce convenient
      hemoglobin-based renal perfusates produces numerous problems. The desirable
      effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is not easily maintained in a perfusate, but its
      inclusion can be avoided by appropriate choice of species donating hemoglobin.
      Hemoglobin tetramer in free solution may dissociate and be lost by glomerular
      filtration. Ferric hemoglobin, the dominant form at redox equilibrium, is useless
      for oxygen transport; the ferrous form is maintained in the erythrocyte by
      reducing metabolites and, under normothermic conditions, the ferrous to ferric
      conversion is slow but significant. Methods for lysis of erythrocytes and removal
      of their stroma are discussed; reduction of ferric hemoglobin by chemical agents
      and electrolysis are considered in detail; and means for adjusting concentration
      and solute background are presented. The need for carbonic anhydrase in
      hemoglobin solutions used as perfusates is shown and methods for its provision
      are discussed. A review of viscometric data for hemoglobin solutions is provided
      to which original data are added. Hemoglobin solutions show a temperature
      independent intrinsic viscosity, according to Einstein's theory for a molecule of
      23 A radius. The O2 and CO2 transport requirements of renal perfusates are
      analyzed comprehensively. The normothermic kidney has an unusual respiration
      pattern, requiring an amount of oxygen that is not fixed but, rather,
      proportional to the total blood flow rate. In canines the average arterio-venous
      O2 content difference found by many investigators is 2.14 vol%; the corresponding
      CO2 value is 2.47 vol%; and the respiratory quotient is greater than unity. Wide
      limits of PO2, but not P CO2 in perfusate, appear allowable. A final section
      evaluates hemoglobin solutions as both normothermic and hypothermic renal
      perfusates from the viewpoints of blood gas chemistry, urinary loss, oncotic
      pressure, fatty acid carrying capacity, viscosity, and the need for functions
      usually attributed to platelets. It is concluded, overall, that perfusates
      containing free hemoglobin have only a limited role to play in renal perfusion.

PMID- 6423346
TI  - Pulmonary ventilation by continuous flow using a modified Carlen's tube.
AB  - Carlen's tubes were modified by introducing a manometer line into each lumen to
      allow both bronchi to be insufflated continuously. During such continuous-flow
      ventilation (CFV) with a gas flow of 1 L/kg body weight X min in 6 anesthetized
      dogs, both CO2 and O2 homeostasis were maintained. By contrast, during apneic
      oxygenation the mean PaCO2 rose by approximately 6 torr/min. After 12 min of
      apneic oxygenation the introduction of CFV at 1 L/kg X min reduced the mean PaCO2
      from 120 to 38 torr within 6 to 9 min; by 15 to 30 min the PaCO2 was stable at 33
      torr. The mean PaO2 was stable at 80 torr and 451 torr using air and oxygen,
      respectively, as the insufflating gas. When the CFV was reduced to 0.75 L/kg X
      min, there was a rise in mean PaCO2 from 34 to 53 torr in 12 min; PaCO2 was then
      reduced to 40 torr when 4 breath/min was introduced with a mean tidal volume of
      375 ml.

PMID- 6423347
TI  - Apnea testing to confirm brain death in children.
AB  - The diagnosis of brain death requires absence of respiratory effort. Various
      protocols for apnea testing in adults have been reported; however, similar
      protocols have not been established for children. The technique of apneic
      oxygenation was used on 10 brain-dead children. PaO2 remained over 200 torr in
      all patients, and the mean PaCO2 increase was 4 torr/min. Five min of apneic
      oxygenation is a safe and effective means of evaluating respiratory activity in
      initially normocapnic children thought to be brain-dead.

PMID- 6423348
TI  - Comparison of transcutaneous and alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide
      during carbon dioxide breathing in healthy children.
AB  - In 18 healthy children three to 13 years of age, the transcutaneous partial
      pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) (Radiometer electrode) and the alveolar
      partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PACO2) (Beckman analyzer) were measured
      simultaneously during the breathing of room air and 5 percent carbon dioxide. The
      PtcCO2 electrode was placed on the anterior thorax and heated to 42 degrees C.
      The PACO2 was calculated on the 4/5 part of the carbon dioxide expired trace.
      Minute ventilation (VE) was measured in 11 cases. There was a significant
      correlation between PtcCO2 (in millimeters of mercury) and PACO2 (in millimeters
      of mercury) while breathing room air (PtcCO2 = 0.82 PACO2 + 19.7; r = 0.55; p
      less than 0.02) and while breathing 5 percent carbon dioxide (PtcCO2 = 0.77 PACO2
      + 22.5; r = 0.61; p less than 0.01); however, the ratio of PtcCO2 over PACO2 was
      significantly lower while breathing 5 percent carbon dioxide (p less than 0.01)
      than while breathing room air. When considering the relationship between the
      increase in VE (delta VE while breathing 5 percent carbon dioxide and the changes
      in PACO2 (delta PACO2) or in PtcCO2 (delta PtcCO2), a significant correlation was
      found only between delta VE and delta PACO2, ie, delta VE = 0.41 delta PACO2 +
      0.44 (r = 0.63; p less than 0.01). These results suggest that breathing carbon
      dioxide modified the factors acting on PtcCO2, possibly by changes in the
      vasomotor tone of cutaneous blood vessels. These modifications appeared to be
      variable from subject to subject. Therefore, we conclude that PtcCO2 does not
      appear to be an accurate quantitative index to assess ventilatory response to
      carbon dioxide.

PMID- 6423349
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in gold lung.
AB  - We report the results of bronchoalveolar lavage in a patient with gold salt
      induced interstitial pneumonitis. The presence of elevated numbers of lymphocytes
      in the lavage specimen supports a hypersensitivity-related pathogenesis of this
      disease. Such findings may help distinguish pulmonary complications of gold
      therapy from interstitial disease due to rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6423350
TI  - Myoblast fusion and inositol phospholipid breakdown: causal relationship or
      coincidence?
AB  - The fusion of embryonic chick myoblasts has been examined in culture. Cells were
      prepared from 12-day-old chick embryonic breast muscle and cultured for 50 h at a
      Ca2+ concentration in the medium of 10(-7) M. During this period they attain
      fusion competence. Addition of 1.4 mM-Ca2+ to these cells elicits rapid fusion.
      Changes in the metabolism of myoblast phospholipids in response to the raised
      Ca2+ concentration have been examined. Only the inositol phospholipids are
      affected. Phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and
      phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate are rapidly broken down and 1,2
      diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid are synthesized. Myoblast fusion has also
      been found to be stimulated by a factor present in chick embryo extract, probably
      of neuronal origin. A receptor-mediated mechanism for myoblast fusion is
      proposed. This envisages the polyphosphoinositides acting as a fusion block,
      either themselves or by their binding to membrane proteins. The inositol
      phospholipid breakdown could result in a more fluid membrane and the breakdown
      products 1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, two known fusogens, could
      stimulate fusion.

PMID- 6423351
TI  - Fusogenic mechanisms.
AB  - Recent work is described on the fusion of human erythrocytes induced by
      chlorpromazine, which is accompanied by the endogenous proteolysis of integral
      and skeletal membrane proteins. This fusion reaction is of interest because it
      occurs at a high incidence in the presence of EGTA. It thus contrasts with the
      emphasis that has been placed on the role of Ca2+ in the fusion of lipid bilayers
      as a model for its behaviour in biomembrane fusion reactions. A survey of fusion
      in cells induced by chemicals and by Sendai virus, and of fusion in liposomes, in
      fact reveals numerous reported instances of fusion occurring in the absence of
      Ca2+. The finding that endogenous proteolysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins
      accompanies cell fusion induced by chlorpromazine leads to the suggestion that
      the products of proteolysis may in some cases be fusogenic, and that their
      formation may provide a general mechanism for the fusion of lipid bilayers in
      biomembrane fusion reactions, aspects of which are imitated by the fusogenic
      viruses.

PMID- 6423352
TI  - Diabetic ketoacidosis during long-term treatment with continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion.
AB  - During 1880 patient-months of treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion in 101 patients with IDDM, 36 episodes of acute, severe loss of glycemic
      control, including 29 with significant ketoacidosis, occurred in 20 patients.
      Fifteen episodes were attributable to failure of insulin delivery to the patient
      while 13 were precipitated by infection. Insufficiently frequent blood glucose
      monitoring, failure by patients to detect mechanical and technical problems with
      infusion systems, failure to adhere to "sick day" regimens, and delay in seeking
      medical help all contributed to the progression of a number of episodes. Thirst,
      nausea, and vomiting were the common clinical manifestations of decompensation;
      and the degree of acidemia was often mild in relation to the degree of
      hyperglycemia. Response to conventional management was usually prompt.

PMID- 6423353
TI  - Can beta-hydroxybutyrate be detected at the bedside by in vitro oxidation with
      hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - The diagnosis of ketoacidosis with an inordinately high plasma and urinary
      concentration ratio of beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) to acetoacetate (AcAc) is
      difficult, because only AcAc and acetone react with the diagnostic reagents used
      clinically to detect ketones. The purpose of this study was to assess the
      validity of the claim that beta-OHB can be identified with a simple modification
      of the usual bedside test for ketones, using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and
      Ketostix (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, Indiana).
      Unfortunately, the lowest detectable concentration of urinary beta-OHB was 50
      mmol/L, and serum beta-OHB could not be detected at levels less than 100 mmol/L,
      a clinically irrelevant level. The relative insensitivity, the inapplicability to
      serum, and the potential hazard of the routine use of 30% H2O2 by practicing
      physicians or houseofficers render the method of limited value.

PMID- 6423354
TI  - Pathophysiology of beta cell failure after prolonged remission of insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
AB  - The pathophysiology of beta cell failure in IDDM has not been well documented.
      Islet cell responsiveness (C-peptide and glucagon) to oral glucose (OGTT),
      intravenous glucose (IVGTT), and arginine infusion was studied sequentially in a
      24-yr-old nonobese patient with IDDM in prolonged remission interrupted by an
      episode of diabetic ketoacidosis and followed by a second transient (6 mo)
      partial recovery of beta cell function. The earliest abnormality in glucose
      tolerance was demonstrated with the IVGTT (K = 0.77) although OGTT (F, 101: 1/2
      h, 177; 7 h, 211; 1 1 h, 144; and 2 h, 111 mg/dl) and glucagon responses to
      glucose and arginine were normal. With the development of abnormal OGTT, glucagon
      failed to suppress with hyperglycemia although basal levels were not elevated.
      With the development of frank clinical diabetes, C-peptide did not respond to
      oral or i.v. glucose although stimulation in response to arginine infusion was
      still possible. Basal glucagon concentrations were now elevated. Thus, the
      failing beta cell shows a progressive deterioration in its responsiveness to
      various secretagogues in a sequential manner (i.v. glucose followed by oral
      glucose and then i.v. arginine). Abnormalities in glucagon secretion can be
      demonstrated early in the development of abnormal oral glucose tolerance. With
      more precise elucidation of the etiology of diabetes, it may be possible to
      intervene therapeutically in diabetic individuals who experience a remission in
      order to prevent further deterioration in beta cell function.

PMID- 6423355
TI  - [Nature of the interaction of light-chain immunoglobulins with immobilized heavy
      chains].

PMID- 6423356
TI  - [Control of medication in chemotherapy. Examination of the urine for
      antibacterial activity].
AB  - The actual intake of antibiotics was tested in patients who were or were not
      known to be on antibiotic prescriptions. Using the B. subtilis (ATCC 6051)
      inhibitory test, the presence of antibiotics in the urine can be demonstrated
      specifically and at low concentrations. Of 2700 patients not known to be taking
      antibiotics, 8% had antibiotics in their urine. Of 400 patients with written
      prescriptions for antibiotics 25% had no antibiotic activity in urine. In order
      to avoid treatment failures, regular control of medications with the B. subtilis
      inhibitory test should be undertaken, especially in patients receiving oral
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6423357
TI  - [Control of anti-arrhythmia therapy with amiodarone. Value of the determination
      of blood levels].
AB  - An antiarrhythmic treatment was done in 56 patients with recurrent ventricular
      tachycardias using amiodarone. The dosage was 400 to 600 mg/d following a loading
      dosage of 1000 mg for 8 to 12 days. Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone
      concentration in serum (control group n = 33) and in erythrocyte haemolysate
      (control group n = 13) were determined in relapses of ventricular tachycardias (n
      = 7) and in pulmonary fibrosis as serious side effect (n = 3). It was shown that
      amiodarone levels rise continuously during loading treatment until the 8th to
      12th day and that desethylamiodarone can be demonstrated after the 3rd day of
      treatment. The mean concentrations (+/- standard deviation) of amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone were 2.21 +/- 0.89 microgram/ml and 1.3 +/- 0.74 microgram/ml
      in serum and 0.97 +/- 0.65 microgram/ml and 1.95 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml in
      erythrocyte haemolysate. Amiodarone levels did not correlate with efficacy and
      with incidence of side effects. However, in pulmonary fibrosis high
      desethylamiodarone concentrations in serum (greater than 2.5 micrograms/ml) and
      in erythrocyte haemolysate (greater than 4 micrograms/ml) were found. Four out of
      7 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia showed relatively low
      desethylamiodarone concentrations in serum (desethylamiodarone/amiodarone ratio
      less than 0.4). Thus control of amiodarone treatment can be enlarged by
      determination of desethylamiodarone levels as its concentrations correlate with
      relapses of ventricular tachycardias and serious side effects.

PMID- 6423358
TI  - [Therapy of hepatic coma].

PMID- 6423359
TI  - [Muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 6423360
TI  - Comparison of virginiamycin and salinomycin as growth promoters in growing
      fattening pigs.

PMID- 6423361
TI  - Non-A, Non-B hepatitis in Nigerians.

PMID- 6423362
TI  - Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nigeria.

PMID- 6423363
TI  - Minor motor seizures in Nigerian children.

PMID- 6423364
TI  - Practical therapeutics: the use of lithium in psychiatry.

PMID- 6423365
TI  - [Results of lithium treatment in severe hyperthyroidism].
AB  - Up to the present time lithium therapy is under discussion in patients with
      severe, particularly of contrast remedy induced hyperthyroidism. The aim of our
      presentation was to investigate if the short term combined methimazole-lithium
      therapy in the initial phase will be advantageous in contrast to the monotherapy
      of methimazole. The examination in our material showed a good effectiveness and
      tolerance of the combined therapy. At present the precise mechanism of action of
      lithium has not been elucidated. There is evidence that lithium inhibits the
      thyreoglobulin hydrolysis and the peripheral conversion of thyroxin to
      triiodothyronin. Other actions are under discussion. In our opinion only the
      combined methimazole-lithium therapy will be advantageous. Through this procedure
      an earlier drug effect could be expected and the increase of thyroid hormones
      after finishing lithium therapy will be suppressed. In the own material severe
      side effects are not demonstrable.

PMID- 6423366
TI  - Posterior pituitary involvement in the control of luteinizing hormone and
      prolactin secretion during the estrous cycle.
AB  - The effects of removal of the posterior lobe of the pituitary on plasma
      concentrations of PRL, LH, and FSH were examined under the following conditions:
      on each morning of the 4-day estrous cycle, 2 weeks after ovariectomy, and 2 h
      after the administration of a LHRH inhibitory analog on estrus. Blood was
      collected from a femoral artery immediately before and during the 3 h after
      posterior pituitary lobectomy or sham lobectomy. Significant elevations of both
      PRL and LH were seen after removal of the posterior pituitary on estrus and
      diestrus day 1, while no change was seen in the plasma concentration of either
      hormone after posterior pituitary removal on diestrus day 2. On proestrus,
      posterior lobectomy resulted in an elevation of LH only. The posterior lobectomy
      induced PRL elevations were rapid and of short duration, while those of LH were
      delayed and prolonged. No alteration in plasma FSH concentrations was seen after
      posterior pituitary lobectomy performed on any day of the estrous cycle. In
      contrast to the hormonal elevations observed after lobectomy during the cycle, no
      change in plasma PRL, LH, or FSH was seen after posterior lobectomy in
      ovariectomized rats. The administration of a LHRH inhibitory analog 2 h before
      posterior lobectomy completely abolished the lobectomy-induced rise of LH
      normally seen on estrus. The data suggest that the posterior pituitary
      participates in the regulation of PRL and LH, but not FSH, release during the
      estrous cycle. Given that the posterior lobectomy-induced elevations of plasma
      PRL and LH were evident only on certain days of the cycle and were absent in
      ovariectomized rats, it is likely that posterior pituitary inhibition of PRL and
      LH release is expressed only in the presence of specific ovarian hormonal
      profiles. In addition, the posterior lobectomy-induced rise in plasma LH appears
      to be dependent on the presence of LHRH, but it remains to be determined whether
      a posterior pituitary substance(s) alters hypothalamic release of or anterior
      pituitary responsiveness to LHRH.

PMID- 6423367
TI  - Endocrine control of the seasonal occurrence of ovulation in rhesus monkeys
      housed outdoors.
AB  - In female rhesus monkeys (n = 12) housed in a seminatural environment, serum
      gonadotropin and steroid levels fluctuated annually in a pattern indicative of a
      seasonally restricted period of ovulatory cycles in the fall and winter and
      anovulatory cycles in the spring and summer. This seasonal endocrine rhythm
      occurred independent of pregnancy and lactation, although the presence of a
      suckling infant delayed the onset of ovulation in the fall by 81 +/- 3.7 days
      (Dec. 4 vs. Sept 14). Except for serum PRL, levels of gonadotropin and ovarian
      hormones were similar in lactating and nonlactating females during the spring and
      summer anovulatory months. Serum levels of LH (less than 10 ng/ml), FSH (less
      than 4 micrograms/ml), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2; less than 30 pg/ml) were low
      throughout the summer anovulatory period, exhibiting a significant rise
      approximately 20 days before first ovulation. Serum progesterone levels were low
      throughout the 100 days before ovulation (less than 0.5 ng/ml) and did not rise
      until ovulation occurred. PRL levels remained elevated (greater than 20 ng/ml) in
      lactating females until 50 days before the first ovulation of the breeding
      season, but were low throughout the ovulatory, anovulatory, and ensuing ovulatory
      periods (less than 10 ng/ml). During the breeding period, females exhibited from
      two to six ovulations. Although the first ovulation of the breeding season
      occurred within a 40-day period for all females, a subset (n = 6) ceased
      ovulations significantly earlier than the remaining six females (Jan. 26 vs.
      March 3). The early cessation of ovulation for these females was associated with
      significantly lower body weight. After the last ovulation, FSH and E2 fell and
      remained low, at levels indistinguishable from those of the ensuing spring-summer
      anovulatory period. In contrast, in females who ceased ovulations later in the
      breeding season, the period following the luteal phase of the last ovulation was
      characterized by E2 and gonadotropin levels that were intermediate between those
      of the anovulatory months and normal follicular phase values. Serum progesterone
      levels were slightly but significantly elevated following the last ovulation for
      both groups of females. These data indicate that low basal levels of gonadotropin
      secretion during the seasonal anovulatory period may result from diminished GnRH
      secretion or from an alteration in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH stimulation.
      These data further suggest that the timing of ovulations and associated changes
      in the neuroendocrine system controlling gonadotropin secretion may be mediated
      by an environmental variable.

PMID- 6423368
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing factor in the rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - The distribution of GRF-immunoreactive structures in the rat hypothalamus was
      studied after colchicine treatment with peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      immunocytochemistry in vibratome sections. The majority of the GRF-immunoreactive
      cell bodies were found in the arcuate nucleus and the medial perifornical region
      of the lateral hypothalamus. Scattered cells were seen in the lateral basal
      hypothalamus, the medial and lateral portions of the ventromedial nucleus, and
      the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei. Fibers from the perifornical cell
      bodies formed a fan-like projection to the median eminence, where a dense
      accumulation of GRF-containing processes and terminals was found. GRF terminals
      were located in the central regions of the median eminence. The localization of
      GRF-immunoreactive structures in the hypothalamus and median eminence reinforces
      the view that GRF plays a physiological role in the regulation of pituitary
      function.

PMID- 6423369
TI  - Uterine blood flow, pH, and pCO2 during nidation in the guinea pig: ovarian
      regulation.
AB  - The regulation of uterine blood flow (UBF), intrauterine pH (IUpH), and carbon
      dioxide levels (IUpCO2) by ovarian steroids during the nidatory period was
      examined in the guinea pig to determine if changes in the intrauterine
      environment are associated with cyclic changes in ovarian function. Between days
      4 and 8 (day 0 = ovulation) of pregnancy, guinea pigs were prepared for the
      simultaneous in situ measurement of UBF, IUpH, and IUpCO2, and the changes in
      these parameters were compared to serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and
      progesterone (P). The same parameters were evaluated in ovariectomized guinea
      pigs treated with oil, 1 or 10 micrograms E2, 2 mg P, or 1 microgram E2 plus 2 mg
      P (P2E1). UBF rose between days 4 and 5 to peak at the expected time of nidation
      on day 6 before declining to basal levels by day 8. Similar fluctuations were
      observed in IUpCO2 and serum E2 levels, while IUpH fluctuated in a manner
      opposite to that of IUpCO2 levels. Serum P levels remained constant between days
      4 and 8. Both P and E2 treatments elevated IUpH but depressed IUpCo2, compared
      with levels in ovariectomized oil-treated controls. An elevation in UBF rates was
      also observed in E2-treated animals. Combined P2E1 treatment elevated UBF and
      IUpCO2 above oil-treated control levels and lowered IUpH. These data indicate
      that a causal relationship exists among UBF, IUpCO2, and serum E2 fluctuations
      during the nidatory period in the guinea pig and that these parameters are
      inversely related to changes in IUpH. It is suggested that ovarian regulation of
      the intrauterine environment may have a direct effect on the timing of blastocyst
      implantation in the guinea pig.

PMID- 6423370
TI  - Responses to thyrotropin during development in Japanese quail.
AB  - Japanese quail, a species with a precocial pattern of development, were used as a
      model for studying the ontogeny of thyroid responses to TSH. Thiourea was
      administered to embryos early in incubation, and the effects were assessed by
      measuring thyroid 32P uptake, serum thyroid hormones, thyroid weights, and body
      weights. Thyroid stimulation after thiourea treatment indicated that maturation
      of thyroid-pituitary negative feedback occurs between days 9 and 10 of the 16.5
      day incubation period. Since thyroid function continues to increase faster than
      thyroid size, hypothalamic or higher control of the pituitary appears to dominate
      over thyroid-pituitary feedback effects for the remainder of the embryonic
      period. TSH administration to embryos and chicks resulted in similar time-course
      and dose-response characteristics, as judged by the thyroid 32P uptake response.
      Single injections of TSH into 14-day-old embryos resulted in parallel increases
      in serum T3 and T4, with essentially no change in the T3 to T4 ratio. In
      contrast, the posthatching response of both 1-day-old chicks and adults to TSH
      involved significant increases in only T4 and resulted in decreased serum T3 to
      T4 ratios. Thus, there are developmental changes in the hormonal response to TSH.
      These results indicate that TSH effects on the embryonic thyroid cannot account
      for the increase in the T3 to T4 ratio during the perinatal hormone peak. Our
      data are consistent with the idea that T3 produced peripherally by
      monodeiodination of T4 accounts for the perinatal change in the thyroid hormone
      ratio.

PMID- 6423371
TI  - Sodium ions: their role and mechanism of action in the control of prolactin
      release.
AB  - The secretion of PRL by the pituitary gland is under a tonic inhibitory control
      exerted by dopamine. However, the mechanisms involved in this inhibition remain
      to be completely defined. We have investigated the effects of sodium removal in
      the incubation medium on baseline PRL, on the inhibitory effects exerted by
      bromocriptine, haloperidol and cobalt, and on the stimulatory action of TRH and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on PRL release by enzymatically dispersed
      rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. The effects of ouabain,
      tetrodotoxin, and veratridine on baseline PRL release and on the inhibitory
      effects of dopaminergic agents were also investigated. Basal PRL release was
      slightly but significantly reduced by replacing sodium by choline in the
      incubation medium and was almost completely suppressed when isoosmolar
      concentrations of glucose were substituted for sodium. On the other hand, ouabain
      slightly but significantly increased basal release of the hormone. In the absence
      of sodium, the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of bromocriptine was greatly
      reduced. Of two antidopaminergic drugs, haloperidol and l-sulpiride, only the
      first inhibited the release of PRL at high doses (10(-5) - 10(-4) M) in the
      presence of sodium but became stimulatory at 10(-4) M in the absence of the ion.
      Ouabain, tetrodotoxin, and veratridine failed to significantly modify the
      inhibitory effects of either dopamine or bromocriptine. The dose-dependent
      inhibitory effects of cobalt and the releasing actions of TRH and VIP were not
      significantly influence by sodium removal from the incubation medium, although
      VIP appeared to be active at a lower concentration in the absence of the ion.
      These data indicate that, although the presence of a normal ionic charge in the
      incubation medium is essential for the baseline secretion of PRL, sodium ions
      specifically play only a minor role in a phenomenon which is essentially Ca2+
      dependent. They also clearly show that sodium intervenes in dopaminergic agonist
      and antagonist inhibition of PRL release through a mechanism which appears
      independent of either dopaminergic receptor, Ca2+ or Na+ channel, or Na+/K+ pump.
      It is hypothesized that a normal intracellular sodium concentration is essential
      for dopaminergic agonist or antagonist inhibitory action.

PMID- 6423372
TI  - Hypothyroidism increases pancreatic thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations
      in adult rats.
AB  - The effect of hypothyroidism on pancreatic TRH (P-TRH) and P-TRH-degrading
      activity (P-TRH-DA) was studied in adult rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in
      three groups during 4, 6, or 9 weeks by propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water
      and a low iodine diet (LID). Another group received PTU-LID for 6 weeks, followed
      by 5 weeks on a normal diet to restore euthyroidism. A possible toxic effect of
      PTU per se was eliminated by treating one control group with PTU and T3. P-TRH
      and TRH-DA were measured by specific RIA. In the hypothyroid groups, P-TRH
      concentrations (mean +/- SEM) were increased 10-fold (6.95 +/- 2.09; 5.51 +/-
      1.3; 9.79 +/- 3.3 pg/(mg X 100 g BW), respectively, with a control value of 0.55
      +/- 0.39, P less than 0.01). This increase was reversible, as shown by the group
      on PTU-LID followed by a normal diet (0.58 +/- 0.39, NS). P-TRH-DA present in the
      control group was decreased after 4 weeks of PTU-LID treatment and totally
      abolished after 6 and 9 weeks of PTU-LID treatment. In conclusion, these results
      suggest that thyroid status modulates P-TRH concentrations. This effect may be
      due to the disappearance of the TRH-DA in response to hypothyroidism. P-TRH
      stores may be regulated by the enzyme(s) involved in P-TRH-DA.

PMID- 6423373
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates growth hormone release from the anterior
      pituitary of hypothyroid rats in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the interaction of thyroid hormone and TRH on GH release from
      rat pituitary monolayer cultures and perifused rat pituitary fragments. TRH (10(
      9) and 10(-8)M) consistently stimulated the release of TSH and PRL, but not GH,
      in pituitary cell cultures of euthyroid male rats. Basal and TRH-stimulated TSH
      secretion were significantly increased in cells from thyroidectomized rats
      cultured in medium supplemented with hypothyroid serum, and a dose-related
      stimulation of GH release by 10(-9)-10(-8) M TRH was observed. The minimum
      duration of hypothyroidism required to demonstrate the onset of this GH
      stimulatory effect of TRH was 4 weeks, a period significantly longer than that
      required to cause intracellular GH depletion, decreased basal secretion of GH,
      elevated serum TSH, or increased basal secretion of TSH by cultured cells. In
      vivo T4 replacement of hypothyroid rats (20 micrograms/kg, ip, daily for 4 days)
      restored serum TSH, intracellular GH, and basal secretion of GH and TSH to normal
      levels, but suppressed only slightly the stimulatory effect of TRH on GH release.
      The GH response to TRH was maintained for up to 10 days of T4 replacement. In
      vitro addition of T3 (10(-6) M) during the 4-day primary culture period
      significantly stimulated basal GH release, but did not affect the GH response to
      TRH. A GH stimulatory effect of TRH was also demonstrated in cultured
      adenohypophyseal cells from rats rendered hypothyroid by oral administration of
      methimazole for 6 weeks. TRH stimulated GH secretion in perifused [3H]leucine
      prelabeled anterior pituitary fragments from euthyroid rats. A 15-min pulse of
      10(-8) M TRH stimulated the release of both immunoprecipitable [3H]rat GH and
      [3H]rat PRL. The GH release response was markedly enhanced in pituitary fragments
      from hypothyroid rats, and this enhanced response was significantly suppressed by
      T4 replacement for 4 days. The PRL response to TRH was enhanced to a lesser
      extent by thyroidectomy and was not affected by T4 replacement. These data
      suggest the existence of TRH receptors on somatotrophs which are suppressed by
      normal amounts of thyroid hormones and may provide an explanation for the TRH
      stimulated GH secretion observed clinically in primary hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6423374
TI  - Suppressive effect of elcatonin, an eel calcitonin analogue, on excessive urinary
      hydroxyproline excretion in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune-Albright's
      syndrome).
AB  - A 12-year-old Japanese girl with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and endocrine
      concomitants, was treated with elcatonin, a synthetic eel calcitonin analogue, 10
      MRC unit/twice a week given by intramuscular injection. Significant decreases in
      24 hr urinary content of hydroxyproline and other amino acids from bone collagen
      were observed during the course of treatment over 5 months. This biochemical
      result suggests that the synthetic eel calcitonin analogue exhibits the
      therapeutic effect in patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia by inhibiting
      bone resorption.

PMID- 6423375
TI  - Update on in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 6423376
TI  - Intensive follow-up monitoring in patients with once daily evening administration
      of sodium valproate.
AB  - For 18 previously untreated patients with absence, myoclonic, or grand mal
      seizures--or combinations--results of clinical and electroencephalographical
      monitoring are reported. Sodium valproate was given once daily in the evening.
      Monitoring included repeated 24-48 h EEG recordings and drug blood level
      measurements. Results indicated the evening monodose to be an adequate
      therapeutic schedule for a considerable number of patients. Apart from the aspect
      of simplification, a further important aim is to individually minimize the drug
      dose. An average of 15.6 mg/kg sodium valproate (range, 10.0-25.5 mg/kg) per day
      was administered. In some cases the EEG discharge activity continued to be
      lowered even after the drug blood level had reached steady state. With
      medication, frequency and total duration of paroxysms were significantly lowered
      (by more than 90%) in over 80% of the patients, whereas the mean duration of
      paroxysmal activity did not change uniformly. Before treatment, short paroxysms
      (1-5 s) were seen together with longer ones in 11 patients. During treatment
      either all paroxysms disappeared or, in cases of remaining activity, most
      discharges were short and not accompanied by seizure manifestations. Blood level
      profiles over 24 h showed maximal values between midnight and 2 a.m. The minimal
      values (about half of the maximum) were found between 10 p.m. and midnight. The 8
      a.m. value was 70-80% of the maximum. Only three patients complained of slight
      side effects (temporary drowsiness, loss of hair). Because of the simplified
      handling, the relatively low dose per day, and the few side effects, it seems
      possible that for primary generalized epilepsies once daily evening
      administration of sodium valproate is appropriate without diminishing the
      antiepileptic effect.

PMID- 6423377
TI  - Valproic acid-ethosuximide interaction: a pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - The present pharmacokinetic study was designed to investigate the possible
      interaction between valproic acid (VPA) and ethosuximide (ESM) in humans. Six
      drug-free healthy volunteers, four men and two women, 18-42 years of age,
      received a single oral dose of 500 mg ESM before and during a treatment with VPA
      at 800- to 1,600-mg daily doses. The second ESM dose was given 9 days after VPA
      administration was started. In this latter condition, a significant (p less than
      0.05) increase in ESM serum half-life, from 44 to 54 h on average, and a
      significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in total body clearance, from 11.2 to 9.5
      ml/min on average, were observed. Other pharmacokinetic parameters were unchanged
      and showed values similar to those reported in the literature. Serum VPA levels
      ranged between 66.8 and 95 micrograms/ml. Two subjects showed no evidence of
      interaction. Although a great interindividual variability in the occurrence of
      VPA-ESM interaction can be observed, the present study indicates that VPA is able
      to inhibit the metabolism of ESM. Possible factors affecting this interaction are
      hypothesized and discussed.

PMID- 6423378
TI  - A longitudinal study of valproate free fraction in the specific age group at
      greatest risk for febrile convulsions (children below 3 years).
AB  - The behavior of the free fraction of valproic acid (VPA) was evaluated during
      long-term treatment of 24 children (9-18 months of age) with febrile convulsions.
      A series of relevant hematological parameters was monitored for the entire
      observation period (12 months). VPA plasma levels ranged from 54.3 +/- 26 to 66.6
      +/- 32.8 micrograms/ml. The unbound fraction of the drug was determined in tears,
      which has been shown to be the best practical indicator of the free portion of an
      anticonvulsant drug, and ranged from 5.1 +/- 4.0 to 6.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/ml.
      The tear/plasma ratio (and hence the free/total ratio) ranged from 9.3 to 9.7, in
      agreement with literature data. No significant variations of VPA plasma and tear
      levels, and therefore of the tear/plasma ratios, were ever observed. The
      hematological data revealed no significant alterations during the entire
      observation time, although some of the variables did fluctuate. Side effects were
      mild and temporary. The present report indicates that VPA has no particular toxic
      effect in young children treated for the prevention of febrile convulsions.

PMID- 6423379
TI  - Protein binding of valproic acid in maternal and umbilical cord serum.
AB  - The serum valproic acid levels of 18 maternity patients at the time of delivery
      were compared with the valproic acid levels in the umbilical cord serum. The
      levels in the umbilical cord serum were 1.1-4.6 times higher than those in the
      maternal serum, with a mean value of 1.38. One explanation for this difference
      apparently is an increased protein binding of valproic acid in the infant's
      serum. Protein binding was determined in nine patients, in six by equilibrium
      dialysis and in three by ultrafiltration. The median value of the free fraction
      of valproic acid was 9.1% (range, 5.8-16.4%) in the umbilical cord serum
      (equilibrium dialysis) and 15% (range, 12.7-35.3%) in the maternal serum. The
      difference between the infant and the maternal serum is significant.

PMID- 6423380
TI  - Somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A novel test system for the detection of mutagenic and recombinogenic activity of
      chemicals is described in detail. Drosophila melanogaster larvae trans
      heterozygous for the mutations multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr) are
      exposed to the test compounds for various periods of time ranging from 96 hr to 1
      hr. Induced mutations are detected as single mosaic spots on the wing blade of
      surviving adults that show either the multiple wing hairs or flare phenotype.
      Induced recombination leads to mwh and flr twin spots and also to a certain
      extent, to mwh single spots. Recording of the frequency and the size of the
      different spots allows for a quantitative determination of the mutagenic and
      recombinogenic effects. This and earlier studies with a small set of well-known
      mutagens indicate that the test detects monofunctional and polyfunctional
      alkylating agents (ethyl methanesulfonate, diepoxybutane, mitomycin C, Trenimon),
      mutagens forming large adducts (aflatoxin B1), DNA breaking agents (bleomycin),
      intercalating agents (5-aminoacridine, ICR-170), spindle poisons (vinblastine),
      and antimetabolites (methotrexate). In addition, the test detects mutagens
      unstable in aqueous solution (beta-propiolactone), gaseous mutagens (1,2
      dibromoethane), as well as promutagens needing various pathways of metabolic
      activation (aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, mitomycin C,
      and procarbazine). The rapidity and ease of performance as well as the low costs
      of the test necessitate a high priority for validation of this promising
      Drosophila short-term test.

PMID- 6423381
TI  - Chemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila: I. Comparison of positive and
      negative control data for sex-linked recessive lethal mutations and reciprocal
      translocations in three laboratories.
AB  - As part of the validation phase of the Drosophila melanogaster segment of the
      National Toxicology Program, a comparison has been made of positive and negative
      controls for sex-linked recessive lethal mutations and reciprocal translocations
      from three laboratories. This comparison involves approximately 700,000
      spontaneous recessive lethal mutation tests, 70,000 spontaneous translocation
      tests, and screens for genetic damage induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine and beta
      propiolactone. Spontaneous frequencies for lethal mutations and translocations
      were homogeneous in the laboratories regardless of solvent or broods sampled.
      Inhomogeneity was observed in induced frequencies among laboratories, but the
      variation was no greater than that found within a laboratory.

PMID- 6423383
TI  - A case of septicaemia caused by Bacillus cereus.

PMID- 6423382
TI  - The binding of 6-demethylchlortetracycline to 70S, 50S and 30S ribosomal
      particles: a quantitative study by fluorescence anisotropy.
AB  - The binding of demeclocycline (6-demethylchlortetracycline) to ribosomes and
      ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli was investigated by using the
      fluorescence anisotropy of the antibiotic to determine the extent of binding.
      Binding data obtained from 70S and 30S particles differed fundamentally from
      those obtained from 50S subunits: the first two showed a strong, specific
      interaction while the third did not. In addition, all three particles possessed
      weak, unspecific binding sites. Computer-aided least-squares analysis of the data
      yielded the following numbers of sites and equilibrium constants: for 30S, n1 =
      1, K1 = 2.2 X 10(6) M-1, n2 K2 = 0.029 X 10(6) M-1; for 50S, n1 = 0, n2 K2 =
      0.035 X 10(6) M-1; for 70S, n1 = 1, K1 = 3.2 X 10(6) M-1, n2 K2 = 0.082 X 10(6) M
      1. These data resolve current disagreement in the literature and are a
      prerequisite for quantitative studies of the mechanism of inhibition by
      tetracycline of protein biosynthesis.

PMID- 6423385
TI  - Isoforms of an endogenous lectin in rabbit bone marrow.
AB  - A lectin which may mediate inter-erythroblast associations during red blood cell
      development in rabbit bone marrow has previously been purified and characterised.
      We have now detected different forms of this lectin in purified preparations and
      crude tissue extracts, by isoelectric focusing in agarose gels followed by rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis and by indirect antibody staining of focused proteins
      blotted onto nitrocellulose paper. These minor antigens are probably isoforms of
      the bone marrow lectin previously characterised.

PMID- 6423384
TI  - Lectins in diagnostic microbiology.
AB  - Current literature suggests that lectins are becoming valuable reagents for the
      laboratory identification of infectious agents. The identification of bacteria,
      fungi, or protozoa may be confirmed if they bind to or agglutinate with certain
      lectins. Assay kits utilizing specific lectin agglutination reactions, coupled
      with conventional enzyme determinations, have been proposed for several bacteria.
      Factors such as specificity, stability, assay rapidity, and costs combine to make
      lectins attractive diagnostic reagents. It is likely that the use of lectins in
      diagnostic microbiology will continue to grow.

PMID- 6423386
TI  - The role of venography and sclerotherapy in the management of varicocele.
AB  - Venography has recently been introduced in routine diagnostic evaluation of
      varicocele, and a pathogenetic classification based on venographic findings has
      been proposed. Transcatheter sclerotization of the internal spermatic vein
      completes the angiographic management of varicocele. After venographic
      classification of 56 cases, the patients with type-1 varicocele (reno-spermatic
      reflux) were treated by transcatheter sclerotization (group A, 25 patients) or
      high inguinal surgical ligation (group B, 15 patients). The results were quite
      similar, whereas the cost/benefit ratio was favorable to sclerotherapy.

PMID- 6423387
TI  - Recommendations: Diagnosis of AIDS used by the Centers for Disease Control.

PMID- 6423388
TI  - Recent experience in the radical irradiation of primary breast cancer at Mount
      Vernon Hospital.
AB  - In order to improve the long-term cosmetic results following the radical
      irradiation of primary breast cancer at Mount Vernon Hospital, dosage was reduced
      in the early 1970s. The clinical impression that local recurrence had become more
      frequent at the reduced dose level led to an early review of the results. This
      report details the results in 159 patients who formed the two largest groups of
      patients treated between 1968 and 1980. Sixty-five patients were treated between
      1968 and 1973, using 6500 cGy to the whole breast in 25 daily fractions over 5
      weeks, with alternate breast fields treated each day. Forty-two of these patients
      were with TNM stage I and II disease [TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours,
      Geneva, UICC, 1978] and had 5-yr actuarial survival and local recurrence figures
      of 59 and 10% respectively. The corresponding figures in 52 patients with stage I
      and II disease treated between 1974 and 1980 with 5500 cGy to the whole breast in
      25 daily fractions over 5 weeks with both breast fields treated each day were 79
      and 26.6%. In spite of the small numbers involved and the bias in favour of the
      latter group of patients, who had a greater proportion of T1,N0 lesions, the
      difference in local recurrence rate in favour of the former group (who received
      6500 cGy) almost reached statistical significance at the 0.05 level. A difference
      was also observed when the two subgroups of stage I and II patients who had had
      their primaries excised prior to irradiation were compared. The 23 patients with
      TNM stage IIIa and b disease treated with 6500 cGy between 1968 and 1973 had
      similar local recurrence (49.7% at 18 months) and survival experience (32.5% at 5
      yr) to the 42 similarly staged patients treated with 5500 cGy between 1974 and
      1980 (48 and 36.4% respectively). It is possible that the addition of combination
      cytotoxic therapy to the primary management in 12 patients with stage IIIb
      disease in the latter group favourably influenced the local control data
      obtained. Cosmetic results were substantially better in the groups receiving 5500
      cGy, with approximately 20% developing disfiguring retraction and skin changes.
      In contrast, these sequelae were almost inevitable in the patients who received
      6500 cGy.

PMID- 6423389
TI  - Mammary tumor induction in analbuminemic rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.
AB  - Induction by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene of mammary tumors was studied in
      analbuminemic rats, a mutant strain established from Sprague-Dawley rats which
      are characterized by the absence of serum albumin and hyperlipidemia. Twenty
      three weeks after carcinogen administration, the incidence and average number of
      mammary tumors and the tumor weight per tumor-bearing rat were respectively
      35.0%, 1.7 +/- 0.2 (S.E.) and 8.9 +/- 0.5 g in analbuminemic rats and 69.2%, 2.3
      +/- 0.2 and 12.2 +/- 2.8 g in the controls. Associated with this lower mammary
      tumorigenic response, analbuminemic rats had significantly lower plasma prolactin
      levels than controls during proestrus at 7-8 weeks of age when carcinogen was
      given (176 +/- 62 vs 308 +/- 52 ng/ml).

PMID- 6423390
TI  - Pyrimidine and purine activities in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Correlation with
      histological status and survival.
AB  - The levels of the purine catabolic enzymes, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), together with the pyrimidine activities,
      thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and thymidine kinase isozymes (TK) have been
      determined for cells obtained from solid lymphoid tissue of 38 patients with non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 14 individuals exhibiting benign reactive lymphoid
      hyperplasia. Within each NHL histological group subtyped according to the
      Rappaport classification, and in the reactive hyperplasia group, there was
      considerable variation in these activities. However, higher levels of TK and TP
      activities occurred in cells of the histologically unfavourable prognostic NHL
      groups compared with those of favourable histology or reactive hyperplasia. There
      was an inverse relationship between survival and elevated TK isozyme 1 and TP
      levels, which was independent of histological classification and clinical
      staging. These results indicate that, in addition to morphology, estimations of
      TK and TP of involved lymphoma cells in NHL is of clinical relevance.

PMID- 6423391
TI  - Failure of 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate sodium (mesna) to protect against
      ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6423392
TI  - The surface expression of a tumor-associated antigen on human kappa myeloma
      cells.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody K-1-21 defines an antigen, KMA (kappa myeloma antigen) on
      the surface of human kappa myeloma cells. K-1-21 also recognizes human kappa
      light chains in free form but not when covalently bonded to heavy chains. To
      examine the relationship between KMA and this determinant on free kappa chains,
      the surface expression of KMA was examined on the IgG, kappa myeloma line LICR
      LON/HMy2 (HMy2). No patching or capping was observed in the presence of K-1-21
      alone, but KMA could be capped if the cells were incubated with K-1-21 followed
      by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated sheep F(ab')2 anti-mouse immunoglobulin.
      Capping was not affected by the inhibitors calcium ionophore or dibucaine. When
      IgG molecules were removed from the cell surface by capping with anti-IgG
      antiserum both KMA and free kappa light chains could still be detected with K-1
      21 and a polyvalent anti-kappa antiserum, respectively. By contrast, after
      removal of all surface kappa chains with the polyvalent anti-kappa serum, no
      staining was observed with K-1-21 indicating that KMA may be an epitope on free
      kappa chains inserted in the membrane of kappa myeloma cells but absent from
      normal cells. KMA cell surface expression varied with the stage of the cell
      cycle. Flow cytometric analysis of K-1-21-stained HMy2 cells from either
      continuous cultures or from elutriated fractions enriched for various cell cycle
      phases showed that, within the cycling population, cells in G2 + M expressed KMA
      at a higher frequency and density than did cells in G1.

PMID- 6423393
TI  - Structural requirements for preventing the aspirin- and the arachidonate-induced
      inactivation of platelet cyclo-oxygenase: additional evidence for distinct
      enzymatic sites.
AB  - 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) prevents the inhibition by aspirin (ASA)
      of platelet aggregation and of the generation of thromboxane A2 from arachidonic
      acid (AA). We studied the ability of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid analogues to block ASA
      and to prevent the platelet desensitization due to a first exposure to AA.
      Inactivation was prevented when exposure to AA was done in the presence of
      reversible inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase. Phenol, methyl salicylate and L8027
      were thus strong inhibitors of AA-induced platelet activation and
      desensitization. The minimal structural requirement for inhibition of thromboxane
      A2 generation from AA was a phenol group as benzoic acid was fully inactive. 2
      Hydroxybenzoic acid, and to some extent 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid were effective
      against ASA, the most active substances being methyl salicylate and L8027. The
      minimal structural requirement for blocking ASA was that 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2
      methoxybenzoic acid should be devoid of activity, which highlights the fact that
      the hydroxyl group must be available. Our work favours the hypothesis that non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs react with two sites of cyclo-oxygenase, which
      were named the supplementary and the catalytic sites. The interaction of 2
      hydroxybenzoic acid and of its analogues with the supplementary site is necessary
      but not sufficient for the efficacy of these compounds as cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitors. The intensity of interaction with the supplementary site and the
      modifications of the catalytic site determine the potency of these compounds as
      cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. For preventing ASA inactivation, an interaction with
      the supplementary sites is always necessary, but furthermore an appropriate
      group, preferentially in the position ortho to the hydroxyl, is needed.

PMID- 6423394
TI  - Antagonism of caffeine-induced seizures in mice by Ro15-1788.
AB  - The effect of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro15-1788 has been tested against
      caffeine (200-300 mg/kg i.p.) induced convulsions in mice. It offered protection
      in lower doses (10 mg/kg i.p.) than had been effective previously against other
      convulsants such as bicuculline and leptazol. In contrast, diazepam was much less
      active against caffeine than against the other convulsants and offered no
      significant protection in doses up to 1 mg/kg i.p. If Ro15-1788 only acts on
      benzodiazepine receptors then one explanation for the increased activity of Ro15
      1788 compared with diazepam against caffeine is that caffeine exerts its
      convulsant action through a direct effect on benzodiazepine receptors but is more
      potent at displacing diazepam than Ro15-1788 or alternatively it acts on a sub
      class of benzodiazepine receptors that bind Ro15-1788 more effectively than
      diazepam.

PMID- 6423395
TI  - Glycogen regulation in LPS-stimulated murine splenocytes.
AB  - Enzymatic glycogen regulation in mouse splenocytes cultured in vitro with and
      without LPS, was studied from 0-72 h. Increased [3H]glucose uptake and hexokinase
      activity demonstrated the activation of cells treated with LPS. There was a
      greater time-dependent increase of cellular glycogen content in LPS-stimulated
      cells as compared to control. Glycogen synthetase I in LPS-stimulated cells
      increased about 200% above control cells to a plateau at 48 h, while in
      unstimulated cells there was little increase throughout. Glycogen synthetase D
      increased continually to 72 h in both groups. In the stimulated cells,
      phosphorylase increased only 90% above control cells up to 48 h. It was concluded
      that the increased glycogen content of LPS-stimulated cells seen at 48 h may
      result from an increase in both glycogen synthetase I and D activity compared to
      lesser increase in hydrolysis. However, between 48 and 72 h, the period of RNA
      and DNA increased synthesis, the glycogen content of stimulated cells did not
      increase further, consistent with the observation that synthetase I activity
      remained constant and synthetase D decreased. Thus, following mitogenic
      stimulation, the net effect of the enzymatic regulation is to increase cellular
      glycogen, as an energy source for subsequent events.

PMID- 6423396
TI  - Passage of molecules across the intercellular bridge between post-mitotic
      daughter cells.
AB  - Living mitotic HeLa cells were microinjected with sodium fluorescein, fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled IgG, and Lucifer Yellow-CH to determine if the
      intracellular bridge and midbody forms a barrier to the migration of these
      molecules. All three fluorescent molecules were found to pass across the
      intercellular bridge. The post-mitotic cells maintained a molecular patency
      across the intercellular bridge that persisted for considerable lengths of time,
      extending into the next cell cycle.

PMID- 6423397
TI  - Effect of mycoplasma infection on pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity of
      normal and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient fibroblasts.
AB  - The fermentative mycoplasmas A. laidlawii JS, M. hyorhinis DBS-50, M. hyorhinis
      GDL and M. pneumoniae FH have very high apparent activities of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase (PDH) (EC 1.2.4.1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC).
      Infection of normal and PDHC-deficient fibroblasts with these mycoplasma species
      resulted in a marked increase of the specific activity of these two enzymes, and
      under certain conditions could conceal the enzymatic defect. The non-fermentative
      mycoplasmas M. salivarium VV and M. arthritidis PG-6 have very low apparent
      activities of these two enzymes. Normal fibroblasts infected with non
      fermentative mycoplasmas could appear as deficient in these two enzymes. The
      degree of interference depends on the number of mycoplasmas associated with the
      harvested cells. Besides the mycoplasma species, this depends (1) on the duration
      of infection which determines mycoplasmal titers and also can have a killing
      effect on both host cells and/or mycoplasmas; (2) harvest of the cells by
      scraping or trypsinization; (3) centrifugal force used in the collection of the
      cells; (4) washing and the inherent mechanical treatment; and (5) other
      possibilities.

PMID- 6423398
TI  - Rat lens aldose reductase: rapid purification and comparison with human placental
      aldose reductase.
AB  - Aldose reductase (alditol:NADP oxidoreductase EC .1.1.1.21), an enzyme in the
      sorbitol pathway which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic
      complications, has been purified from rat lens (RLAR) by affinity chromatography
      with Amicon Matrex Gel Orange A and its properties have been compared to those of
      purified human placental aldose reductase (HPAR). The RLAR appears to be closely
      associated with alpha- and beta-crystallin and has a higher affinity for the dye
      Matrex column than HPAR. The purified enzyme, obtained upon elution from the
      column, appears as a closely-spaced doublet of approximately 38 K MW on SDS-PAGE
      which does not immunologically cross-react with antibodies raised against the
      single 38 K MW HPAR. Antibodies raised against RLAR however do cross-react with
      HPAR. Kinetic studies indicated both enzymes to have a greater apparent affinity
      for aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes than for aldose sugars. Compared to DL
      glyceraldehyde, RLAR displayed an 80-fold greater affinity for p
      nitrobenzaldehyde and a 1000-fold decreased affinity for D-glucose while HPAR
      displayed a 15-fold greater affinity for p-nitrobenzaldehyde and 600-fold less
      affinity for D-glucose. Both enzymes displayed only trace activity with 200 mM L
      gulonic acid.

PMID- 6423399
TI  - The effects of long-term treatment of streptozotocin-diabetic rats with an aldose
      reductase inhibitor.
AB  - To test the possible involvement of the sorbitol pathway in the pathogenesis of
      retinopathy in long-term experimentally-diabetic rats, streptozotocin-diabetic
      and normal rats were dosed orally (50 mg/kg body weight daily) for up to 373 days
      with an aldose reductase inhibitor (ICI 105552) or a placebo. Long-term treatment
      with ICI 105552 (1,(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxoquinol-4
      ylaceti c acid; sodium salt) markedly reduced the normal accumulations of
      sorbitol and fructose in the sciatic nerves (86 and 69% reductions) and seminal
      vesicles with coagulating glands (75 and 49% reductions). Thus, by these
      criteria, the inhibitor was as effective after several months of dosing as after
      three weeks. There was no evidence that treatment with this aldose reductase
      inhibitor had any protective effect against the development of pathological
      changes in the retina and kidney of these rats.

PMID- 6423400
TI  - Peripheral and central-type benzodiazepine binding sites in mammalian ocular
      tissues.

PMID- 6423401
TI  - Effects of chondroitin sulfate on metabolism of trabecular meshwork.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans are believed to play a role in the physiological functions of
      trabecular meshwork. The effects of chondroitin sulfate on the metabolism of
      trabecular meshwork were studied by replacing the aqueous humor in the right eye
      (experimental eye) of 12 albino rabbits with 0.3 ml of chondroitin-4-sulfate
      solution (10 mg ml-1 in glucose-supplemented phosphate buffered saline). The
      aqueous humor in the left eye (control eye) was replaced with the phosphate
      buffered saline-glucose solution in the same manner. The intracameral procedures
      were performed twice a week for four weeks (initial injection period), and then
      discontinued for another four weeks (resting period). No significant or prolonged
      increase in the intraocular pressure was observed during either period in any
      eyes. Subsequent intracameral injections performed after the resting period,
      however, caused an intraocular pressure elevation in 10 of the 12 experimental
      eyes. During this second injection period, the injections were carried out
      whenever the intraocular pressure of experimental eyes dropped to the control
      value. The pressure generally remained 5-10 mmHg above that of the control eyes
      for periods ranging from two days to four weeks. In the eyes with elevated
      intraocular pressure, light microscopy showed that the trabecular beams were
      compact and sclerotic and the intertrabecular spaces were narrower. Chamber angle
      tissues obtained from the eyes with elevated intraocular pressure incorporated
      more radioactive precursors into glycosaminoglycans than those from the control
      eyes. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and the metabolism of trabecular
      meshwork seemed to be modified by the long-term chondroitin sulfate treatment.

PMID- 6423402
TI  - Performance of a low flow O2 Venturi mask: diluting effects of the breathing
      pattern.
AB  - To examine the performance of a new Venturi Mask (VM), PaO2 and PaCO2 were
      measured in 10 healthy volunteers before and while, breathing from a 0.24 O2 VM
      at 21/min of O2 flow for 20 min. FEO2, FECO2, VT, f, inspiratory (TI) and
      expiratory time (TE) and flow were also recorded during air breathing. Mean PaO2
      increment observed during VM breathing was 1.8 kPa (SD 0.7). The FO2 measured at
      the face-piece of the VM while not in use was 0.247. The predicted increment of
      PaO2 corresponding to a FIO2 of 0.24 was calculated by the alveolar air equation
      and found to be 2.9 kPa (SD 0.2), indicating a diluting effect on the O2
      concentration close to 40%, with an actual FIO2 of 0.228. The correlation
      coefficient (r) between dilution and a formula which includes initial
      acceleration of inspiration (VI 0.25), VT and the ratio TI/TT, was 0.94. Because
      the low O2 flow 0.24 VM model is markedly influenced by the patient's breathing,
      we conclude that it does not satisfactorily provide a stable and predictable
      concentration of supplementary oxygen. Theoretical considerations allow these
      results to be extended to other VM using low O2 flows for different O2
      concentrations.

PMID- 6423403
TI  - Input from proprioceptors in the extrinsic ocular muscles to the vestibular
      nuclei in the giant toad, bufo marinus.
AB  - Extracellular unit records were made from the left brain stem of decerebrate,
      paralysed giant toads (Bufo marinus) during passive movement of the ipsilateral
      eye. Units in the vestibular nuclear complex (VN) were identified by their short
      latency responses to electrical stimulation of the anterior branch of the
      ipsilateral VIII cranial nerve. Of 58 units in the region of VN, as judged from
      field potentials to VIII nerve stimulation, fourteen gave phasic excitatory
      responses to passive movement of the eye and were also identified as vestibular
      nuclear units. A further twelve units which responded to eye-movement could not
      be assigned to VN; the remaining 32 units were in VN but did not respond to
      passive eye-movement. Also, of 16 units whose recording sites were identified
      histologically in the VN complex, 11 gave responses to vestibular nerve
      stimulation and to passive eye-movement and 5 responded to eye-movement only.
      Control experiments eliminated auditory, visual and cutaneous sources for the
      signal produced by passive eye-movement; thus, the signal must have arisen from
      intraorbital proprioceptors. Units in VN were also found which were excited by
      electrical stimulation of the intraorbital part of the fourth (trochlear) nerve;
      this provides strong evidence that proprioceptors in the extrinsic ocular muscles
      (EOM) are included in the receptors which provide the signal to VN during passive
      eye-movement. The effects of vestibular stimulation and of passive eye-movement
      were found to interact upon units in VN. When passive eye-movement and vestibular
      stimulation were paired the response to the second stimulus was significantly
      reduced over a range of interstimulus intervals. The conclusions are that orbital
      proprioceptive signals, including those from the EOM, project to the vestibular
      nuclei in the toad and, there, are able to influence processing of vestibular
      afferent signals. We suggest, therefore, that orbital proprioceptive signals may
      play a part in oculomotor control. The significance of the results is discussed
      in relation to the strategic position of the VN in the oculomotor control system.

PMID- 6423404
TI  - Paroxysmal discharges during paradoxical sleep anticipating the occurrence of
      focal motor seizures in cats.
AB  - Sleep recordings were made some days before the occurrence of focal motor
      seizures in cats injected with alumina cream in the motor cortex. The wakefulness
      EEG was completely normal. Slow-wave sleep showed spike-spindles and occasional
      isolated spikes. During paradoxical sleep, abortive seizures appeared. They were
      only electrographic and never produced arousal of the animals. The precipitating
      role of phasic paradoxical sleep on focal motor seizures is proposed.

PMID- 6423405
TI  - Depletion of noradrenaline fails to affect kindled seizures.
AB  - Convulsive seizures were kindled in rats by repeated stimulation of the amygdala,
      and the subjects then received intracerebral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into
      the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Although this treatment severely depleted
      noradrenaline, there was no effect on the intensity or duration of seizures,
      suggesting that noradrenaline does not regulate kindled seizures when they have
      developed.

PMID- 6423406
TI  - [Mechanism of ibuprofen and naproxen interaction with endoperoxide prostaglandin
      synthetase].
AB  - The authors studied the pattern and mechanism of ibuprophen and naproxen
      interaction with endoperoxideprostaglandin synthetase (PGH synthetase) of sheep
      vesicular glands. The enzymatic activity of PGH synthetase was determined
      polarographically with the aid of a Clark electrode. Ibuprophen and naproxen were
      found to inhibit completely PGH synthetase at concentrations of the order of 1 X
      10(-5) M. As regards the mechanism of action both the drugs are competitive
      inhibitors of this enzyme with reference to arachidonic acid and incompetitive
      inhibitors with reference to adrenaline, an electron donor.

PMID- 6423407
TI  - Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration during t-butyl hydroperoxide metabolism
      by isolated hepatocytes involves NADPH oxidation and mobilization of
      intracellular Ca2+ stores.
AB  - Activation of phosphorylase a in hepatocytes incubated with t-butyl hydroperoxide
      indicates that hydroperoxide metabolism is associated with an increase in
      cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration which appears to be mediated by NADPH oxidation
      and to involve mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores.

PMID- 6423408
TI  - Effects of FSH on acidic nuclear protein synthesis in cultured pig Sertoli cells.
AB  - We studied the effect of FHS on nuclear protein synthesis by a primary culture of
      immature porcine Sertoli cells. The cells were cultured in a chemically defined
      medium and treated with FSH (50 ng/ml) for various periods (4, 8, 25 and 64 h).
      About 65 spots (pHi less than 8) were identified by two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radiolabelled nuclear proteins. After
      25 h of FSH treatment, we observed an increase of 5 proteins, a slight decrease
      of two and a disappearance of one. For the short periods of FSH treatment (4 and
      8 h), no effect of FHS on nuclear protein synthesis was observed. After 64 h of
      FSH treatment (4 and 8 h), no effect of FHS on nuclear protein synthesis was
      observed. After 64 h of FSH treatment, the synthesis of all nuclear proteins
      appears to be decreased.

PMID- 6423409
TI  - Early history of parenteral nutrition.
AB  - A historical review is presented of a number of aspects of early animal
      experiments and clinical trials dealing with the i.v. infusion of whole blood and
      milk; the nutritional use of i.v. erythrocytes, plasma proteins, protein
      hydrolysates, amino acids, and glucose; and development and use of i.v. fat
      emulsions. A brief description of the experience with the nutritional use of i.v.
      ethyl alcohol is also presented. The important studies beginning in the 1960's by
      Dudrick, Rhoads, Vars, and Wilmore are described elsewhere by them.

PMID- 6423410
TI  - History of parenteral nutrition in pediatrics with emphasis on amino acids.
AB  - Central venous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has proved to be a valuable and
      often life-saving measure in selected newborn infants with surgically repairable,
      major anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and infants with chronic
      intractable diarrhea. However, in infants of low--and especially very low--birth
      weight, the TPN regimen that was so successful in older infants was frequently
      associated with severe risks of hyperglycemia. An alternative approach that has
      proved to be the most satisfactory relies on the fact that the energy expenditure
      of a premature infant, nursing in a thermally neutral environment, rarely exceeds
      50 kcal/kg, a level that can be safely and effectively maintained. With respect
      to the development of parenteral amino acid solutions, three generations of such
      mixtures can now be identified. The first of these was represented by the protein
      hydrolysates. With the advent of technology for the production of pure L-amino
      acids, a second generation of crystalline mixtures was developed. Evaluation of
      these revealed that extrapolation from data on oral nutrition was often
      unsatisfactory for the adequate formulation of such mixtures. The direct study of
      the parenterally nourished patient led to the third generation of special purpose
      amino acid solutions such as those targeted for patients with renal failure,
      liver failure, or trauma or for the promotion of anabolism. It seems likely that
      development of other solutions will follow the trend of relying on accurate
      definition of a given metabolic disorder and the perfection of a specific
      solution to correct it.

PMID- 6423411
TI  - Historical aspects of minerals and vitamins in parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Advances in knowledge of the requirements for vitamins and minerals have been
      essential in the success of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for improving or
      maintaining good nutritional status for increasing periods of time. The
      availability of all known vitamins by the late 1940's and advances in vitamin
      technology resulted in stable single-vitamin or multivitamin solutions for i.v.
      use. Improved physician experience in vitamin usage and modified and more
      complete formulations are reflected in improved patient treatment. However,
      requirements for certain vitamins in hypermetabolic states and for prolonged use
      remain to be elucidated. TPN has also focused attention on the needs for macro-
      and microminerals. It has emphasized the importance of electrolytes, including
      inorganic phosphate, in human nutrition. Changes in the sources of amino acids
      from protein hydrolysates to crystalline amino acids have resulted in
      increasingly purified solutions essentially free of trace elements. This has
      focused attention on human requirements and the need for provision of increasing
      numbers of these ions.

PMID- 6423412
TI  - One ovary or two: differences in ovulation induction, estradiol levels, and
      follicular development in a program for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - The choice of clomiphene citrate (CC) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)
      protocols for stimulation of ovarian follicular maturation has traditionally not
      been made with regard to the anatomic status of the pelvis. To evaluate whether
      hormone production and/or follicular development vary based on the number of
      ovaries and/or the method of stimulation, 117 cycles were reviewed. Forty-five
      women received CC, 29 with two ovaries and 16 with one ovary. Seventy-two women
      received hMG, 50 with two ovaries and 22 with one ovary. Among women receiving
      CC, those with two ovaries tended to have higher initial estradiol levels and a
      greater number of large (greater than or equal to 15 mm) follicles. Among women
      receiving hMG, those with two ovaries tended to have higher estradiol levels, but
      the number of large follicles (greater than or equal to 15 mm) was similar. With
      either stimulation protocol, women with two ovaries developed a higher total
      number of follicles than women with one ovary. The total number of follicles in
      women with one ovary was similar for hMG and CC stimulations. The number of
      oocytes recovered at laparoscopy was greater in women with two ovaries who
      received hMG in comparison with CC, but did not significantly vary between women
      with one or two ovaries who received CC nor between women with one or two ovaries
      who received hMG. The number of oocytes was also similar for the women with one
      ovary regardless of stimulation protocol.

PMID- 6423413
TI  - Ovulation induction using "pure" follicle-stimulating hormone in monkeys.
AB  - Recently we have demonstrated that administration of a "pure" follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation (Urofollitropin, Serono Laboratories, Inc.,
      Randolph, MA) to normally cycling monkeys induces multiple follicular
      development. In these earlier studies, a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH)
      surge was uncommon; no attempt was made to induce ovulation with exogenous human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In this study, multiple follicular development and
      ovulation were induced in normally cycling monkeys by daily follicular phase
      administration of "pure" FSH followed by hCG. Short-term administration of "pure"
      FSH during the early or late follicular phase also induced multiple follicular
      development; however, multiple ovulations subsequent to a spontaneous LH surge
      never occurred. One monkey treated in the late follicular phase did demonstrate a
      spontaneous LH surge and single ovulation following late follicular phase FSH
      treatment. These findings suggest that administration of "pure" FSH alone, to
      enhance the natural ovarian cycle, may be useful for inducing multiple follicular
      development, but that ovulatory competence is usually dependent on exogenous
      LH/hCG.

PMID- 6423414
TI  - Inhibition of the primate ovarian cycle by a porcine follicular fluid protein(s).
AB  - Monkeys received twice daily intramuscular injections of 3 mg of purified porcine
      follicular fluid protein(s) for the first 14.5 days of the menstrual cycle. Two
      of five treated monkeys had anovulatory menstrual cycles. Three monkeys had
      cycles characterized by long follicular phases, low follicular and luteal phase
      serum estradiol concentrations, and subnormal luteal progesterone production.
      Serum gonadotropin concentrations were not affected by the follicular fluid
      protein(s). The data demonstrate in the nonhuman primate that porcine follicular
      fluid contains a protein(s) that acts at the ovarian level to inhibit
      gonadotropin action.

PMID- 6423415
TI  - [Effect of adrenaline, insulin and estradiol dipropionate on the electrical
      activity and excitability of the hypothalamic nuclei in animals of different
      ages].

PMID- 6423416
TI  - Riboflavin analogs utilized for metabolism by a Lactobacillus casei mutant.
AB  - Several new halogen-containing riboflavin analogs that are antagonists for the
      stock strain of Lactobacillus casei have been found to be utilized by a mutant
      strain of the microorganism for growth and acid production. Riboflavin analogs
      consisting of all combinations of a single aliphatic group (methyl or ethyl) and
      a single halogen group (chloro or bromo) in positions 7 and 8 of the
      isoalloxazine nucleus possess this property. The analog devoid of substituents in
      positions 7 and 8 and the analog possessing a methyl group in position 7 and a
      cysteinyl group in position 8, were inert for both strains of the microorganism.

PMID- 6423417
TI  - Kinetic properties of rat liver UDPglucuronosyltransferase during ontogenesis.

PMID- 6423418
TI  - Competition between sulphation and glucuronidation in the rat in vivo: enzyme
      kinetics and pharmacokinetics of conjugation.

PMID- 6423419
TI  - Peroxidase-catalysed metabolism of drugs and carcinogens.

PMID- 6423420
TI  - The biosynthesis and induction of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase in avian
      liver.

PMID- 6423421
TI  - Differential induction and glycosylation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.

PMID- 6423422
TI  - Factors involved in the regulation of the levels and activities of rat liver
      cytochromes P-450.
AB  - Methods have been developed for the purification of eight rat liver microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 (P-450) isoenzymes. Another rat P-450, responsible for the
      metabolism of the genetic polymorphism prototype debrisoquine, has also been
      partially purified from rat liver. Six P-450s have been purified to
      electrophoretic homogeneity from human liver preparations. The rat and human P
      450s can be quantified in crude samples using 'immunoblotting' methods coupled
      with peroxidase visualization. A study on the effects of a family of
      polybrominated biphenyl congeners led to the conclusion that the levels of all of
      the rat P-450s considered above are under some degree of independent regulation.
      In monolayer culture, different P-450s show different stabilities and levels of
      several are selectively regulated by various media components. Studies with the
      eight isolated rat P-450s indicate that the iron spin state, oxidation-reduction
      potential (Fe3+/Fe2+ couple), and catalytic activity towards substrates are not
      related to each other. The major function of phospholipid in reconstituted P
      450/NADPH-P-450 reductase systems is the facilitation of formation of a complex
      of the two proteins. Studies on the regioselective hydroxylation of warfarin have
      been used to develop an order of binding affinity of the different P-450s for
      NADPH-P-450 reductase.

PMID- 6423423
TI  - UDPglucuronosyltransferase deficiency in man and animals.

PMID- 6423424
TI  - Biliary excretion of the dimethyl ester of bilirubin in heterozygous (Jj) and
      normal (JJ) Gunn rats.

PMID- 6423425
TI  - Spatial distribution of blastomeres is dependent on cell division order and
      interactions in mouse morulae.
AB  - Spatial distribution of blastomeres was examined in 16- to 30-cell morulae
      obtained from aggregates of 1/2----1/2 and 1/2----2/4 blastomeres. The advanced
      blastomeres (2/4) contributed disproportionately more inner cells while there was
      a corresponding decline in the contribution from the delayed blastomere (1/2) so
      that a balance between the total number of inner and outer cells was retained.
      There was, however, no marked change in the relative number of outer cells. It is
      suggested that once formed, the inner more adhesive cells divide relatively
      faster than the outer cells whose behaviour is dictated by the inner cells. The
      outer less adhesive cells spread over the inner cells; cell spreading is
      incompatible with division. The degree to which cell spreading and retardation of
      division of outer cells occurs may be dictated by the number of inner cells
      present at any one time and this partly determines the entry of further cells
      inside. The suggested mechanism for cell allocation is highly flexible and,
      indeed, essential to encompass the wide variety of patterns of cell interactions
      and distribution observed in morulae. It is also proposed that the retardation of
      division of outer cells may trigger differentiation of trophectoderm by inducing
      endoreduplication and the blastomeres delayed from dividing for the longest
      period of time may mark down the abembryonic pole and establish the embryonic
      abembryonic axis.

PMID- 6423426
TI  - Localization of a gene for a minor chorion protein in Drosophila melanogaster: a
      new chorion structural locus.
AB  - A minor chorion protein (called s70) with an approximate molecular weight of
      70,000 D has been characterized in Drosophila melanogaster. The Staket geographic
      strain was found to carry an electrophoretic variant of this eggshell component
      and was used to determine the chromosomal location of the s70 gene. Our results
      establish a new locus for a chorion gene near yellow on the X chromosome and
      represent the first mapping of a quantitatively minor eggshell protein.

PMID- 6423427
TI  - Immunological detection of cell surface galactosyltransferase in preimplantation
      mouse embryos.
AB  - Presence of cell surface galactosyltransferase was surveyed in preimplantation
      mouse embryos by indirect immunofluorescence staining using an affinity-purified
      antibody against galactosyltransferase from human milk. Distinct fluorescence
      staining was observed in embryos ranging from late 8-cell stage to early
      blastocysts, while the embryos at other stages were stained only weakly. The cell
      surface enzyme was also present in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, in a fraction of
      bone marrow cells of the mouse, and in a few percent of testicular sperm.

PMID- 6423428
TI  - Correlations among measures of playfulness and skillfulness in captive common
      marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).
AB  - Infant sensorimotor and social skills, playfulness, and nonplayful behaviors were
      measured in common marmosets from 6 to 22 weeks old. Different measures of skill
      showed a low concordance, implying that skill is a multiple rather than unitary
      attribute. Significant correlations were found between the amount of social play
      infants performed from 11 to 13 weeks of age and their performance at 14 weeks in
      (1) competitive food tests with their mothers, and in (2) their ability to
      negotiate an obstacle for a food reward. Significant correlations were also found
      between these skills and nonplayful behaviors, however. Comparable analyses at
      other ages revealed few significant correlations, suggesting that the association
      between social play and skills is restricted to the age when infants are rapidly
      becoming independent of their caregivers both for locomotion and food. Age
      specific correlations occurred between changes in levels of skills and both
      playful and nonplay behaviors. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis
      that social play promotes the development of skills, but alternative explanations
      are possible.

PMID- 6423429
TI  - The acute and chronic effects of sulfonylurea therapy in type II diabetic
      subjects.
AB  - Although sulfonylurea agents have been used in the clinical management of type II
      diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) for over two decades,
      the mechanisms responsible for their hypoglycemic action remain controversial. We
      have quantitated glycemic control, endogenous insulin secretion in response to
      mixed meals, adipocyte insulin binding, insulin-mediated peripheral glucose
      disposal, and basal hepatic glucose output in 17 type II diabetic subjects before
      and after 3 mo of therapy with the second-generation, sulfonylurea compound
      glyburide in an attempt to identify the factors responsible for the clinical
      response to the drug. In addition, 9 subjects were treated for an additional 15
      mo to see if the response to the drug changed with time. The mean fasting serum
      glucose level fell from an initial value of 264 +/- 17 mg/dl to 178 +/- 16 mg/dl
      after 3 mo of drug therapy. Endogenous insulin secretion increased in all
      subjects, but the increase was most marked in those subjects who continued to
      exhibit fasting hyperglycemia (fasting serum glucose greater than 175 mg/dl)
      after 3 mo of therapy. Adipocyte insulin binding was unchanged after 3 mo of
      therapy, while the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal was increased by
      23%, indicating enhancement of peripheral insulin action at a postreceptor
      site(s). Basal hepatic glucose output showed a significant correlation with the
      fasting serum glucose level both before and after therapy (r = 0.86, P less than
      0.001) and fell from 141 +/- 12 mg/m2/min before therapy to 107 +/- 11 mg/m2/min
      after 3 mo of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423430
TI  - Influence of thyroid hormone level on insulin action in human adipose tissue.
AB  - The relationship between the levels of circulating thyroid hormones and the
      action of insulin on adipose tissue was investigated in 6 hypothyroid patients
      and 6 hyperthyroid patients, all untreated, and 8 healthy control subjects. All
      were matched for age, body weight, and fat cell size. Gluteal s.c. adipose tissue
      was used. The insulin receptor number in isolated adipocytes was increased by 70%
      in hypothyroidism and decreased by 40% in hyperthyroidism. The sensitivities of
      the effects of insulin on lipolysis and glucose oxidation were increased fourfold
      in hypothyroidism and decreased fivefold in hyperthyroidism. The maximum insulin
      induced glucose oxidation (insulin responsiveness) was inhibited by 60% in
      hypothyroidism and enhanced by 180% in hyperthyroidism. The thyroid hormone
      concentration was significantly correlated with insulin receptor number (r = 
      0.72), insulin responsiveness (r = 0.71), and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.75). It
      is suggested that thyroid hormones regulate the effect of insulin on adipose
      tissue, which occurs at the receptor and postreceptor levels of insulin action.

PMID- 6423431
TI  - Effect of ischemia and temperature on fetal mouse pancreas. Insulin production in
      vitro, and function after isotransplantation.
AB  - The effects of ischemia at varying temperatures on the survival of fetal islet
      endocrine cells was investigated by placing 17-day-old fetal mouse pancreata in
      organ culture after 2, 4, or 6 h at either 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, or 37
      degrees C. Insulin secretion by the cells in vitro, the content of insulin in the
      cultured pancreata, and the ability of the cultured islets to reverse diabetes in
      syngeneic streptozotocin-diabetic mice were assessed. Fetal pancreas subjected to
      2-6 h of ischemia at either 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C showed neither loss of
      insulin secretory capacity in vitro nor loss of ability to produce large
      functional grafts, and behaved identically to tissue not subjected to deliberate
      ischemia. In contrast, after 2 h of ischemia at 37 degrees C, although some
      grafts functioned, their insulin content was reduced despite apparently normal
      prior insulin production in vitro, but 4 or 6 h at 37 degrees C resulted in total
      loss of functional islet tissue. However, despite retention of functional
      capacity and the ability to produce large grafts with high insulin content after
      cold or room temperature ischemia, some loss of insulin storage capacity in vitro
      was noted by islets subjected to ischemic periods longer than 2 h even at 4
      degrees C. Thus, fetal pancreas can withstand prolonged periods of ischemia
      provided its temperature is reduced, and functional recovery can be demonstrated
      after transplantation.

PMID- 6423433
TI  - Edmonton ambulance service: a cost-effective option.

PMID- 6423432
TI  - Extended allograft survival of islets grafted into intra-abdominally placed
      testis.
AB  - Isolated islets of ACI donor rats were cultured for 4 days at 37 degrees C and
      then grafted into male diabetic Wistar-Lewis rats into three different organ
      sites without adjuvant immunosuppression. None of 6 recipients of the intraportal
      injection of 10 islets per gram of body weight became normoglycemic. Similarly,
      six rats that received islets injected under the renal capsule remained diabetic.
      None of six rats that received an intratesticular islet allograft became
      normoglycemic while these organs remained within the scrotum. By contrast, six
      rats that were transplanted with an identical number of islets into the testis,
      which were then surgically placed into the abdominal cavity, promptly became
      aglycosuric and have remained so for more than 50 days.

PMID- 6423435
TI  - [Present status and therapeutic prospectives on allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 6423434
TI  - Binding of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas to an artificial phospholipid bilayer.
AB  - Hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas bind to multilamellar liposomes formed of egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine. In this artificial model, both specific and non-specific
      components of the binding phenomenon can be characterized by the same criteria as
      those used in studies performed with natural membranes. The relative ability of
      distinct sulphonylureas to inhibit the binding of 3H-glibenclamide or 3H
      gliquidone to the liposomes parallels their relative potency as insulin
      secretagogues. It is proposed that the insertion of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas
      into the phospholipid domain of the B cell membrane could represent a primary
      event in the mechanism by which these agents stimulate insulin release.

PMID- 6423436
TI  - Apparent and intrinsic sensitivity to pentagastrin of acid and pepsin secretion
      in peptic ulcer.
AB  - The sensitivity to stimuli of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in duodenal and
      gastric ulcer was studied using a pentagastrin dose response that was analyzed by
      an exponential model. By this model, maximum secretory rate (Vmax), the dose of
      administered pentagastrin giving 50% of Vmax (D50), and the threshold equivalent
      dose responsible for basal secretory rate are calculated. Using only individual
      tests in which the data adequately fitted the model, we report on 171 subjects,
      120 with duodenal ulcer, 22 with gastric ulcer, and 29 controls. Among the
      possible influences on secretion, sex and weight were significant, whereas age
      and activity or duration of ulcer disease were not. Men secreted more acid per
      kilogram body weight than women in each group, and men with duodenal ulcer
      secreted more acid and pepsin than normal men or those with gastric ulcer.
      Because basal secretion in men with duodenal ulcer was a higher proportion of
      maximum, D50 (the measure of apparent sensitivity) was 25% lower (p less than
      0.01) in patients with duodenal ulcer than in controls; when examined by sex, men
      with duodenal ulcer had a lower D50 than women with duodenal ulcer, men with
      gastric ulcer, and male controls. D50 in all patients was very much lower for
      pepsin than for acid. Km, the dose that would be required to stimulate secretion
      to 50% of maximum if basal = 0 (intrinsic sensitivity), was not different between
      groups or sexes. Thus the difference in sensitivity between duodenal ulcer
      patients and controls was seen only in the apparent, and not in the intrinsic
      sensitivity indices; this was largely a phenomenon of males and could be
      explained by a higher ratio of basal to maximal secretion. Neither the observed
      increase of basal nor the maximal rates of acid and pepsin secretion in duodenal
      ulcer patients could be explained by an increased sensitivity to gastrin.

PMID- 6423437
TI  - Pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of a symptomatic gastric diverticulum.

PMID- 6423438
TI  - Gastrostomy to jejunostomy conversion.

PMID- 6423439
TI  - [Action of the hypothalamus on hemopoiesis].

PMID- 6423440
TI  - [Effects of a synthetic antihypoxant of the gutimine group on the terminal
      circulation and oxygen homeostasis during infusion therapy of burn shock in
      experimental animals].

PMID- 6423441
TI  - [Immunological diagnosis of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses].

PMID- 6423442
TI  - [Immunological trends in research on hemostasis].

PMID- 6423443
TI  - [Theoretical and practical significance of the association between HLA and
      disease].

PMID- 6423444
TI  - [Immunization of donors for the isolation of antirhesus anti-Rho[D] monospecific
      sera].

PMID- 6423445
TI  - [Relation between specific antirhesus immunoglobulin activity and the degree of
      protein macromolecular aggregation].

PMID- 6423446
TI  - Genetic variation affecting the expression of catalase in Drosophila
      melanogaster: correlations with rates of enzyme synthesis and degradation.
AB  - Both second and third chromosome substitution lines isolated from natural
      populations of Drosophila melanogaster affect the expression of catalase (EC
      1.11.1.6) at both the larval and adult stages of development. In each case, the
      level of catalase activity is strongly related to the level of catalase-specific
      cross-reacting material. Turnover studies employing the catalase inhibitor 3
      amino-1,2,4-triazole were conducted on a selected number of lines. Although the
      variation in steady state levels of catalase protein was highly significant among
      lines, variation in intracellular degradation rate was not. These results suggest
      that the different steady state levels observed among lines largely reflect
      different rates of catalase synthesis.

PMID- 6423447
TI  - [Effect of mouse age and genotype on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange
      in bone marrow cells].
AB  - No differences were found in both the baseline and mitomycin C induced levels of
      sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) between 101/H and C57BL/6J mice differing in
      chromosome mutability. An increase with the age of the spontaneous and mutagen
      induced SCE rates was similar in the strains compared, though instability of
      chromosomes was much higher in old 101/H than in C57BL/6J mice. Thus, no
      correlation was observed between chromosomal aberration and SCE levels in these
      strains. As 101/H mice were recently found to be DNA repair-deficient, possible
      connection of SCE and repair is discussed.

PMID- 6423448
TI  - [Arsenic trioxide inhibition of the thiophosphamide induction of mutations in
      mouse germ and somatic cells].
AB  - After single i. p. injection of arsenic trioxide, at the dosage range of 1/4 to
      1/40 LD50 into hybrid mice (CBA X C57B1/6J)F1, no induction of dominant lethals
      in male germ cells was observed. However, it led to an increase in the number of
      micronuclei in the erythrocytes of bone marrow. Treatment with the effective dose
      of thioTEPA, causing an increase in the number of dominant lethals in male germ
      cells and in the number of micronuclei in the erythrocytes of bone marrow,
      followed by injection of arsenic trioxide, resulted in inhibition of the
      mutagenic activity of thioTEPA. This inhibition increased proportionally with the
      dose of arsenic trioxide.

PMID- 6423449
TI  - Molecular cloning of a Bacillus subtilis xylanase gene in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A gene coding for xylanase synthesis in Bacillus subtilis was isolated by direct
      shotgun cloning using Escherichia coli as a host. Following partial digestion of
      B. subtilis chromosomal DNA with PstI or EcoRI restriction enzymes, fragments
      ranging from 3 to 7 kb were introduced into the PstI or EcoRI sites of pBR325.
      Transformed colonies having lost either the ampicillin or chloramphenicol
      resistance markers were screened directly on 1% xylan plates. Out of 8000
      transformants, ten xylanase-positive clones were identified by the clearing zone
      around lysozyme-treated colonies. Further characterization of one of the clones
      showed that the xylanase gene was present in a 3.9-kb insert within the PstI site
      of the plasmid pBR325. Retransformation of E. coli strain with the xylanase
      positive hybrid plasmid pRH271 showed 100% transformation to xylanase production.
      The intracellular xylanase produced by the transformed E. coli was purified by
      ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The electrophoretic mobility of
      the purified xylanase indicated an Mr of 22 000.

PMID- 6423450
TI  - Influence of dietary copper on the survival of Drosophila.
AB  - The life span of Drosophila melanogaster was reduced when copper compounds were
      fed at concentrations of 1 X 10(-3) M or greater. Feeding lower concentrations of
      copper compounds failed to significantly change life span. A combination of
      copper gluconate and gluconic acid increased the adult life span by 21.6%. We
      conclude that only an extraordinarily high dietary intake of copper would
      accelerate senescence. Dietary gluconic acid retarded the normal age-related
      accumulation of copper in adult flies.

PMID- 6423451
TI  - A longitudinal study of the effects of age on spontaneous locomotor activity in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The spontaneous locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster was observed
      longitudinally, in both sexes, at young and old age, during a photophase of 12 h.
      75 observations of each fly (n = 200 at young age, n = 98 at old age) were made
      during each photophase. At a populational level and with increasing age the
      difference between the maximal and minimal percentages of flies active during the
      photophase diminishes seriously; moreover, the scattering of the observations
      increases with increasing age. At an individual level females are more active
      than males at both ages and the scores of activity of both males and females
      decrease with increasing age. The effects observed, both at the populational and
      at the individual level, are due solely to age; they are not due to a
      differential survival depending on or linked to the score of activity exhibited
      at young age.

PMID- 6423452
TI  - Regional hyperthermia using an annular phased array system. Preliminary patient
      and thermometry data.

PMID- 6423453
TI  - A review of systemic hyperthermia.

PMID- 6423454
TI  - Analysis of prognostic variables which influence early and long-term response of
      pet animal tumors to radiation alone and radiation plus heat.

PMID- 6423455
TI  - [Sensitivity of pathogenic gram-negative microflora, isolated from patients in a
      surgical clinic, to the principal antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants].

PMID- 6423456
TI  - [Role of pulsation in assisted circulation using left ventricular-aortic
      shunting].

PMID- 6423457
TI  - Bowel preparation and the risk of explosion during colonoscopic polypectomy.
AB  - Concentration of oxygen, methane, and hydrogen were measured in intracolonic gas
      samples aspirated through the colonoscope at the time of colonoscopy from 46
      patients. Of the above patients 20 prepared either with mannitol (n = 10) or with
      castor oil (n = 10) had the instrument passed to the caecum without air
      insufflation or suction. After mannitol, mean intracolonic hydrogen concentration
      (4.07%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than after castor oil
      (0.51%). Mean oxygen and methane concentrations were approximately similar.
      Potentially explosive concentrations of hydrogen (greater than 4.1%) and or
      methane (greater than 5%) were present in 6/10 patients given mannitol and 2/10
      patients given castor oil. Nevertheless only one patient from each group had
      coexisting oxygen concentrations of more than 5% producing thus a combustile
      mixture. Routine colonoscopy (using air insufflation and suction) was performed
      in 26 patients prepared with mannitol. Mean intracolonic hydrogen and methane was
      0.63% and 0.88% respectively. The highest recorded concentration of hydrogen was
      2.6%, and of methane 2.1%, while all patients had oxygen concentrations of more
      than 5%. It is suggested, therefore, that routine insufflation and suction before
      colonoscopic electrosurgical polypectomy should result in safe levels of these
      gases. The remote possibility of pockets of undiluted gas in explosive
      concentration, however, indicates the use of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide
      if mannitol preparation is used before electrosurgery.

PMID- 6423458
TI  - Clinical, biochemical, serological, histological and ultrastructural features of
      liver disease in drug abusers.
AB  - Heroin abusers are frequently found to have abnormal liver function tests and
      hepatic histology. Hepatitis viruses A, B, and NANB, other drugs or drug
      contaminants and excessive alcohol consumption are factors thought to contribute.
      One hundred and sixteen heroin abusers attending a London treatment centre were
      studied. Sixty two (53%) had a raised aspartate transaminase. This was not
      explained by current infection with hepatitis A and B, cytomegalo or Epstein-Barr
      viruses, excessive alcohol consumption (greater than 80 g/day) or concomitant
      drug taking. Abnormal liver function tests were as frequent in those with markers
      of current or past HBV infection as those without and there was evidence that
      both HBV infection and the cause of the abnormal liver function tests were
      acquired in the first few years of intravenous drug abuse. Liver biopsies from
      eight patients showed chronic hepatitis with a mild lobular and portal
      inflammatory infiltrate, fatty change and prominent sinusoidal cells. Electron
      microscopy showed cytoplasmic trilaminar tubular structures and dense fused
      membranes in dilated endoplasmic reticulum. These clinical, biochemical,
      serological, and histological features would suggest a major role for NANB virus
      infection in the aetiology of hepatitis in heroin abusers.

PMID- 6423459
TI  - Use of indwelling right atrial catheter in gynecological oncology: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - Experience with the utilization of an indwelling right atrial catheter in
      patients with gynecological cancer is reviewed. The technique of placement is
      described and the complications in 21 patients are presented. Fever was the major
      complication in 5 out of 21 patients of whom 2 had positive blood cultures. The
      catheter had to be removed in 3 patients. The median duration of catheter
      placement was 45 days, the shortest being 8 hr and the longest being 1 year. Most
      of the patients were myelosuppressed or had no other venous sites accessible. A
      safe regimen for management of the catheter and indication for its removal are
      presented.

PMID- 6423460
TI  - Failure of hexamethylmelamine as salvage therapy in ovarian epithelial
      adenocarcinoma resistant to combination chemotherapy.
AB  - Favorable responses to hexamethylmelamine (HMM) have been documented in untreated
      as well as in alkylating agent-resistant ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma
      (OvCa). Platinum-based combination therapy for OvCa has been used since 1976.
      Eighteen patients with OvCa were treated with HMM as salvage therapy between
      February 1979 and October 1981. All patients had histologically confirmed OvCa.
      Eleven tumors were grade III/III and seven tumors were grade II/III. Sixteen
      patients had received cisplatin-based combination therapy, whereas two had
      received doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide because of other medical conditions. HMM
      was used alone in 16 patients and in combination with other drugs in two
      patients. The initial dose of HMM was 300 mg/m2/day X 14 days when used alone and
      130 mg/m2/day X 14 days when used in combination with other drugs. Six patients
      were treated at a reduced initial dose because of prior marrow toxicity. Adverse
      effects were tolerable, with 14 patients experiencing hematologic toxicity (5
      mild, 5 moderate, 3 severe, 1 life threatening) and 15 patients experiencing GI
      toxicity (5 mild, 7 moderate, 3 severe). Only 2 patients experienced no toxicity.
      No objective tumor responses were observed. Four patients had progression of
      tumor within 4 weeks of starting therapy and 14 patients had stable disease with
      a mean progression-free interval of 21 weeks. Although HMM is an active drug in
      untreated and alkylating agent-resistant OvCa, experience suggests that HMM at
      the dose and schedule tested has insignificant activity in patients who have
      failed cisplatin-based combination therapy.

PMID- 6423461
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser treatment of cervical warty atypias.
AB  - A total of 94 patients with cervical warty atypia have been treated, on an
      outpatient basis, using the carbon dioxide laser. The treatment was quickly and
      painlessly performed. Ten patients (10.6%) had a persisting warty atypia. These
      treatment failures were not related to age, parity, lesion size, or method of
      contraception.

PMID- 6423462
TI  - Posthysterectomy megavoltage irradiation in the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Current literature has demonstrated excellent results using postoperative
      megavoltage irradiation in patients who had simple hysterectomy in the presence
      of invasive cervical carcinoma. It has recently been suggested that total
      abdominal hysterectomy followed by postoperative irradiation should be used as a
      planned treatment for early-stage cervical carcinoma. Thirty-six cases of
      patients with cervical carcinoma treated with whole-pelvis irradiation following
      simple hysterectomy at the University of Louisville are reviewed.

PMID- 6423463
TI  - Calcium-loaded microsomes from uterine smooth muscle. A biological system to test
      for calcium ionophore action of prostaglandins.
AB  - Smooth muscle microsomal vesicles were loaded with calcium in the presence of
      oxalate and ATP. The intact vesicles that contained calcium oxalate crystals were
      separated by ultracentrifugation from empty vesicles. This results in a unique
      model system, composed of a biologically active membrane with virtually all of
      the calcium inside. Intravesicular calcium is differentiated from externally
      bound calcium using ionophore X537A and EGTA. EGTA released calcium slowly with a
      half time of 93 min. The ionophore X537A rapidly released calcium with a half
      time of 12 min. This model can be used to test for calcium ionophoretic action.
      Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) were tested in this system. We
      found that PGE2 and PGI2 did not change calcium permeability.

PMID- 6423464
TI  - [Myoclonus--clinical aspects and pathophysiology].

PMID- 6423465
TI  - [Nebulized sodium cromoglycate in asthmatic children].

PMID- 6423466
TI  - Confronting prospective payment: requirements for an information system.
AB  - The introduction of prospective payment for hospital care will inevitably create
      new demands for information on the costs of services. This discussion of an
      information system that is responsive to the requirements of prospective payment
      demonstrates how hospital social work departments can improve their access to
      data and thereby increase their own effectiveness.

PMID- 6423467
TI  - The DRG revolution.
AB  - The establishment of a federally initiated prospective reimbursement system using
      the concept of the diagnostic related group (DRG) marks a radical departure from
      the traditional retrospective formulas for hospital Medicare payment. A
      historical analysis of the revolutionary changes involving DRGs is presented,
      along with a discussion of the challenges confronting hospital-based social work.

PMID- 6423468
TI  - Body weight changes throughout pregnancy in the common marmoset Callithrix
      jacchus.
AB  - Adult female common marmosets were weighed weekly for periods of 6-30 months. Of
      27 animals, 25 were pregnant at some stage of the investigation. Patterns of body
      weight change throughout singleton, twin and triplet pregnancies were obtained
      and compared. Maternal weight increase was dependent on the number of young in
      utero; however, little or no change in weight was observed during the first 13
      weeks of gestation, irrespective of the number of offspring delivered
      subsequently. The overall maternal:fetal body weight ratio was 1.00:0.21, ranging
      from 1.00:0.11 for singleton to 1.00:0.26 for triplet pregnancies. Lactation had
      little or no effect on maternal body weight during the first 4 weeks postpartum.

PMID- 6423469
TI  - Qualities and drawbacks of radiotransmitted vocalizations of monkeys through
      laryngophones: new perspectives in analysis.
AB  - Radiotransmitted (RT) calls of monkeys equipped with laryngeal microtransmitters
      are compared with those recorded by an external microphone (AT). Sharp
      attenuation of background noise and echoes results in better sonograms with RT
      than AT sounds. Sensitive detection of unvoiced calls or phonatory noises leads
      to knowledge of the motivational state of the animals and the mechanisms of their
      vocal production. However, the laryngophone acts as a low pass filter which
      limits RT spectra below 3 kHz. Constant distance and orientation between sound
      source and microphone permit us to get absolute (low-pitched call) or relative
      (high-pitched call) intensity measurements. Their generalization should be
      possible with the use of a specific weighting filter which would reconstitute the
      original energy of calls. The system has interesting applications in behavioral
      and ecological studies.

PMID- 6423470
TI  - [Remarks apropos of Pliocene hominoid humerus from Chemeron (basin of Lake
      Baringo, Kenya].
AB  - Detailed study of a proximal fragment of a Pliocene left humerus and comparison
      with extant and fossil primates suggests that the specimen, although definitely
      hominoid, cannot be clearly associated with any known Plio-Pleistocene hominid or
      with any modern hominoids.

PMID- 6423471
TI  - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on catecholamine concentration in
      various structures of the rat brain.
AB  - In an attempt to identify the site of TRH-action in the central nervous system
      (CNS), we have measured catecholamine levels in discrete brain regions of rats
      after an intravenous administration of TRH or a long-term intraventricular
      administration of TRH using Alzet's osmotic minipump. An intravenous
      administration of 50 micrograms TRH caused a rapid increase in dopamine (DA)
      concentration in the septal nucleus and then returned to the basal level at 30
      min after injection. The concentration of DA in the septal nucleus after the long
      term TRH intraventricular administration was also significantly higher than that
      in the controls. These results indicate that a long-term intraventricular
      administration of TRH as well as a bolus intravenous injection of TRH may affect
      the release or metabolism of DA in the septal nucleus.

PMID- 6423472
TI  - Mutagenic activity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids seneciphylline and senkirkine
      in Drosophila and their transfer into rat milk.
AB  - Seneciphylline and senkirkine, two pyrrolizidine alkaloids that occur in animal
      feeds and medicinal herbs, respectively, have been tested for their ability to
      produce sex-linked recessive lethals in males of Drosophila melanogaster using
      the Basc test (3-day feeding method). Seneciphylline was found to be mutagenic at
      concentrations of 10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3)M, which produced 3.8% sex-linked
      recessive lethals (983 chromosomes tested). 9.0% (708) and 15.3% (327),
      respectively. Senkirkine (10(-5)M) produced 4.4% sex-linked recessive lethals
      (2541 chromosomes tested) against 0.17% (9081) in controls. Brood pattern
      analysis with senkirkine showed maximum sensitivity in the late spermatid stage
      of spermatogenesis, which agrees with evidence that pyrrolizidine alkaloids act
      as indirect mutagens. Flies fed with milk from lactating rats given an oral dose
      of 25 mg seneciphylline/kg showed 1.2% sex-linked recessive lethals (1477
      chromosomes tested), against 0.3% (1533) in controls.

PMID- 6423473
TI  - The causes of death in fire victims.
AB  - In 169 consecutive cases of autopsied fire victims about 50% had lethal levels of
      carboxyhemoglobin. Soot in the respiratory tract was found in about 90% of the
      cases. The age distribution of the fire victims showed significantly less persons
      in the 15-35-year group than should be expected according to the age distribution
      of the population, presumably due to greater agility of younger people. More than
      half of the fire victims had alcohol in the blood exceeding 0.05%, and alcohol
      intoxication should be considered accessary to many deaths in fire. The
      characteristic biphasic distribution of carboxyhemoglobin in fire victims
      together with other observations suggest that the principal causes of death are
      carbon monoxide followed by carbon dioxide poisoning and/or oxygen deficiency,
      while the influence of heat is considered to be of minor importance.

PMID- 6423474
TI  - [NMR imaging of fluorine-containing substances. 19-Fluorine ventilation and
      perfusion studies].
AB  - Physiologically inert perfluorinated gases may be used for lung ventilation
      imaging by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Because the nuclear concentration in
      the gas is lower than in tissue, signals from large gas volumes must be
      integrated to produce an acceptable image quality. After a series of phantom
      studies, preliminary dog studies have been carried out, using breathable mixtures
      of CF4 and O2. The resulting images have been compared with Xe ventilation scans.
      Furthermore, perfluorinated solutions were imaged using phantoms. The results are
      described and the future potential of the technique discussed.

PMID- 6423475
TI  - [Digital radiography. Equipment technology and initial clinical results of
      digital angiography with an electronic universal work station].
AB  - Using a prototype of an electronic, universal examination unit equipped with a
      special x-ray TV installation, spotfilm exposures and digital angiographies with
      high spatial resolution and wide-range contrast could be made in the clinic for
      the first time. With transvenous contrast medium injection, the clinical results
      of digital angiography show excellent image quality in the region of the carotids
      and renal arteries as well as the arteries of the extremities. The electronic
      series exposures have an image quality almost comparable to the quality obtained
      with cutfilm changers in conventional angiography. There are certain limitations
      due to the input field of the 25 cm x-ray image intensifier used. In respect of
      the digital angiography imaging technique, the electronic universal unit is fully
      suitable for clinical application.

PMID- 6423476
TI  - [Arterial digital subtraction angiography for demonstrating aortocoronary venous
      bypasses].
AB  - We examined the patency of aortocoronary venous bypasses in 51 patients during
      the early postoperative phase by using non-selective contrast injection into the
      aorta with digital subtraction angiography. In all patients it was possible to
      evaluate the degree of patency by this method. The accuracy and value of this
      examination, as compared with other invasive and non-invasive methods, is
      discussed.

PMID- 6423477
TI  - [Venous digital subtraction angiography of the renal arteries in hypertensive
      patients].
AB  - We carried out 1890 venous digital subtraction angiograms; this included 113
      patients with hypertension in order to exclude renal artery stenosis. On four
      occasions it was used following surgery on a renal artery. Renal artery stenosis
      or occlusion was demonstrated in twelve patients, and other vascular diseases or
      anomalies were found in 24. Two abnormal renal arteries were found following
      renal artery surgery. The results are compared with smaller groups of patients
      examined by DSA, and with the results of conventional subtraction methods
      reported in the literature. In only eight patients (6.8%) DSA provided
      insufficient information and had to be supplemented by aortography. The method
      has proved to be a valuable and simple screening method for the investigation of
      hypertension.

PMID- 6423478
TI  - Digital vascular imaging in children. A preliminary report.
AB  - Whereas digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been extensively used in
      adults, few reports have dealt with its application in children. We utilized DSA
      in 52 children, studying various vascular territories. Technically satisfactory
      studies were obtained in 89%. Motion artifacts is the foremost technical problem.
      Extremity DSA with arterial injection was highly successful in a number of cases.
      Thoracic vascular studies were also successful, as were studies of the head and
      neck, whereas renal and abdominal vessel studies were somewhat less successful.
      DSA with arterial injection may be expected to replace conventional angiographic
      studies in selected cases and appears to be an excellent screening method also in
      children.

PMID- 6423479
TI  - [Value of digital subtraction angiography in extra-anatomic bypass].
AB  - DSA is a well-established diagnostic procedure. A special indication and
      technique was employed in the application of DSA, using a low-dose contrast
      medium in 11 patients with extra-anatomic arterial reconstructions (3
      axillofemoral, 4 femoro-femoral suprapubic cross-over bypasses, 4 obturator
      bypasses). This approach has not been previously described in literature. The
      authors performed direct puncture of the very proximal part of the bypass with a
      small (0.6 mm.) "subcutaneous" needle. Less than 2 ml of contrast medium was
      applied, and DSA was accomplished in several positions. In 11 patients high
      quality imaging of the entire extra-anatomic bypass was achieved. Advantages of
      the procedure are: 1. Minimal dose of contrast medium (1-2 ml.). 2. Possibility
      of angiography even during anticoagulant therapy. 3. Complete imaging of extended
      bypass procedures with minimal discomfort to high-risk patients.

PMID- 6423480
TI  - [Meaningful application of imaging technics in acute appendicitis].
AB  - Acute appendicitis is primarily not a radiologically established diagnosis. In
      atypical abdominal symptoms plain radiographs and additive real-time
      ultrasonography may often show typical findings especially in complications of
      acute appendicitis (perforation, abscess formation and ileus). In these cases the
      differential diagnosis is narrowed and further therapeutic steps may be modified
      considerably.

PMID- 6423481
TI  - [Radiologic-endoscopic correlation in ulcerative colitis].
AB  - Double-contrast irrigoscopies (DCI) performed in 32 patients with confirmed
      ulcerative colitis are reviewed and correlated with colonoscopy. Whereas
      endoscopy proved more efficient in assessing superficial changes of the mucosa,
      DCI was found to be superior in the detection of deeper mucosal lesions and
      changes in the anatomic aspect of the colon wall. Moreover, DCI showed advantages
      in the evaluation of the entire colon including the coecum; examination of the
      coecum by endoscopy was achieved in 31% only of the scrutinised cases.

PMID- 6423482
TI  - [Roentgen morphology of intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus].
AB  - Two cases of oesophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis are described. They
      presented with typical numerous pseudodiverticula, each one or several
      millimetres in size, within the mucosa. One patient had a fibrous stenosis. In
      both cases CT showed localised thickening of the wall of the oesophagus. The few
      reports in the literature concerning histology, clinical findings and aetiology
      are reviewed.

PMID- 6423483
TI  - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. Clinical picture and radiological
      findings].
AB  - The clinical and radiological features of primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum
      are demonstrated by seven histologically confirmed cases. Clinically, obstruction
      develops following a prolonged uncharacteristic prodromal stage. The radiological
      findings resemble those of a carcinoma in any other part of the gastro-intestinal
      tract: polypoid filling defects, ulcers, mural thickening and loss of elasticity.
      The radiological method of choice is hypotonic duodenography. Sonography and CT
      are complimentary methods and are of use in postoperative follow-up.

PMID- 6423484
TI  - [Computed tomographic diagnosis of renal tumors without using contrast media].
AB  - The question whether contrast medium is necessary for diagnosis of renal tumour
      in CT is studied on the basis of 80 histologically proven cases of hypernephroma.
      More than 97% of the tumours were diagnosed on plain scan. The presence of
      structural inhomogeneities was decisive for recognising tumours 2 cm and larger
      without the use of c.m. In disagreement with current opinion injection of c.m. is
      not necessary for exclusion of hypernephroma. Injection of c.m. is useful however
      for differentiating between physiological variations and tumours less than 3 cm
      in size, and for diagnosis of tumour thrombosis of the renal vein.

PMID- 6423485
TI  - [Computed tomography, primary laparotomy and second look surgery in ovarian
      carcinoma].
AB  - The value of computed tomography for staging and for observing the course of
      ovarian carcinomas was analysed in 56 patients in whom the diagnosis had been
      verified by laparotomy. Ct achieved correct staging in 85% of cases. The ability
      of CT to demonstrate a variety of abnormalities varies; ascites and pleural
      effusions were shown in 100%, lymph node metastases in 90%, infiltration of the
      recto-sigmoid and terminal ileum in 70-80%, sub-capsular liver metastases in 70%,
      involvement of the omentum in 70%, of the peritoneum in 65% and of the mesentery
      in 35%. A 'second-look' operation remains necessary in order to confirm complete
      remission after chemotherapy, since CT is only rarely able to show residual
      tumours smaller than 1 1/2-2 cm.

PMID- 6423486
TI  - [Rare computed tomographic and sonographic findings in epithelial body tumors.
      Report on 2 cases].
AB  - Carcinomas and adenomas of the parathyroid glands are not always visualised by
      sonography and via CT as space-occupying lesions of low echogenicity or as dense
      contrast enhancing tumours. Parathyroid tumours may be present even if ultrasound
      or CT detect cystic and/or calcified space-occupying growths in the neck or
      cranial mediastinum. Attention should be regularly paid to enlarged regional
      lymph nodes.

PMID- 6423487
TI  - [Computed tomographic findings in portal hypertension secondary to liver
      cirrhosis. 3. Hemodynamic changes--angio-CT].
AB  - Contrast injection for angio-CT shows kinetic changes in patients with portal
      hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver when compared with normals. Contrast
      duration diagrams show a higher aortic peak, low contrast and delayed contrast
      maximum in the liver and portal vein in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal
      hypertension. On these criteria it is possible to distinguish patients with
      cirrhosis (n = 18) from normals (n = 16).

PMID- 6423488
TI  - [Intratympanic course of the internal carotid artery as an accidental finding of
      ear surgery and as a roentgen diagnostic problem].
AB  - The rare anomaly of an intratympanic course of the internal carotid artery is,
      like the equally rare aneurysm of this artery, a differential diagnosis of
      tumours of the middle ear. A biopsy would lead to obvious complications. Petrous
      bone tomography, even using the most modern spiral type of movement, is of
      limited value because of the difficulty in interpretation and plays little part
      in the diagnosis as compared with arteriography.

PMID- 6423489
TI  - [Arthrotomography of the pathological temporomandibular joint. II].
AB  - The findings in 308 TMJ arthrograms (280 patients) with selective contrast
      injection into the inferior compartment are described. An anteriorly luxated
      meniscus was diagnosed in 231 cases (75%). In 99 cases (32%) the meniscus
      returned to a normal position spontaneously during opening of the mouth, whereas
      in 132 cases (43%) the subluxation was permanent. In 108 patients (6%) with
      irreducible meniscus luxation, perforation of the meniscus or of the capsule was
      diagnosed, but in two cases this could not be confirmed at operation. The
      importance of early diagnosis for optimal treatment is discussed.

PMID- 6423490
TI  - [Co-existence of fibrous bone dysplasia and familial intestinal polyposis].
AB  - The aetiology of fibrous bone dysplasia is unknown. Combinations with endocrine
      and non-endocrine diseases are recognised. The co-existence of polyostotic
      fibrous dysplasia with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has not been previously described.
      A patient is now reported who had both these diseases. They have in common a
      benign proliferative tendency in various organs, but the common denominator is
      unknown. The basic relationship between the conditions requires further
      observation and study.

PMID- 6423491
TI  - [Planimetric determination of lung volume--a complement to spirometry].
AB  - The total volume of the lungs was determined by digital planimetry in 102
      patients with emphysema and 33 normal controls aged between 30 and 79 years. The
      results were compared with the findings obtained from spirometric measurements.
      Mean values showed a significant relationship to age, body size and body surface.
      Planimetrically determined lung volume did not show a linear relationship with
      age, but increased after 60 years. Beyond 60 years, spirometric findings were
      lower because of an increase in the number of patients with emphysema. The
      results have shown that digital planimetry is a useful addition to spirometry.

PMID- 6423492
TI  - [Reduction of radiation dose by the use of carbon fiber cassettes].
AB  - A new type of radiographic cassette, reinforced by PEEK-CFK is discussed. The
      amount of reduction of radiation dose by this cassette was evaluated by means of
      an experimental physical and clinical trial. Dose reduction may reach 30%
      depending on the type of examination and the organ studied. An increase of
      contrast of the radiographs could not be verified. This type of cassette can be
      recommended for routine clinical use.

PMID- 6423493
TI  - [Initial results with the use of "contrast media", the so-called sonographica,
      for ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen].
AB  - First experiences with contrast media, so-called "sonographica", for the purpose
      to improve the ultrasonographic diagnostic of the upper abdomen are reported;
      special emulsions and suspensions with particle diameters between 50-2000 mu were
      used. The sonographica cause an echo texture similar to the liver and a more
      homogeneous ultrasonic absorption in the upper abdomen--within the range of
      frequencies and intensities used in sonographic diagnostic. This improves the
      possibility of obtaining cross-sections by using several transducers--arranged on
      a circuit--simultaneously. By increasing the echogenicity of the sonographicum
      the thickness of the stomach and duodenal wall can be indicated regularly for the
      first time.

PMID- 6423494
TI  - [Adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenomyeloneuropathy in 2 brothers].

PMID- 6423495
TI  - [Intravenous subtraction angiography in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with recurring
      carotid aneurysm].

PMID- 6423496
TI  - [Recurring ischemic syndrome in atypical popliteal artery aneurysm].

PMID- 6423497
TI  - Hepatic haematoma, a complication during anticoagulant therapy. A case report.

PMID- 6423498
TI  - Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG).

PMID- 6423499
TI  - [Cystic liver with duodenal compression].

PMID- 6423500
TI  - [Sucralfate (Ulcogant). The mechanism of action of a cytoprotective agent].
AB  - The new antiulcer drug sucralfate is characterized by a multiple mode of action.
      Its predominant feature is a protection of the mucosa from endogenous and
      exogenous noxious agents. These cytoprotective properties result from a locally
      formed layer covering ulcers and erosions which inhibits the diffusion of H-ions
      and pepsin to the damaged mucosa. This layer is also stable against exogenous
      substances with deleterious effects on the mucosa like alcohol and salicylates.
      Furthermore, sucralfate binds pepsin and bile acids. Recently, a stimulating
      effect of sucralfate on the release of prostaglandins and the regeneration of
      epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa was demonstrated. There is no influence of
      sucralfate on the production of gastric juice and pH. Since sucralfate is
      minimally absorbed it is a safe and well tolerated drug.

PMID- 6423501
TI  - [Enteral tube feeding versus parenteral infusion therapy--metabolic aspects].
AB  - A sufficient nutrition of seriously ill patients is uninevitable. Basically we
      have two possibilities: the enteral and the parenteral nutrition. The enteral
      nutrition therapy shows only few complications and is well tolerated by patients.
      The standard diet is the high molecular diet. If the absorption performance of
      the small intestine is limited the chemically defined diet including the
      oligopeptide diet haven proven themselves as efficient. On the other hand the
      parenteral nutrition is indicated when quick metabolic changes or specific
      influence on aminoacid-homoeostasis are desirable. Furthermore parenteral
      nutrition is necessary in all diseases which won't allow enteral nutrition.

PMID- 6423503
TI  - [Effect of added enteral feeding in the cytostatic drug-treated cancer patients].

PMID- 6423502
TI  - [Changes in the extracellular pH value and its effect on the intracellular pH
      value of tissues].
AB  - The behavior of intracellular pH in different tissues during variation of plasma
      pH by respiratory and metabolic changes was studied in nephrectomized,
      unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats. The following conclusions can be made: pHi
      is influenced by respiratory and non-respiratory disturbances of the
      extracellular acid-base status. pHi is different in different tissues at
      specified pHe. Skeletal muscle is well protected against slight acidosis because
      pHi remains constant in a certain range. Our further investigations referred to:
      Influence of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Diamox) on intracellular tissue pH
      in vitro and in vivo; Intra-/extracellular tris distribution in tissues at
      different extracellular pH in vivo; Influence of tris and bicarbonate infusion on
      intracellular bicarbonate of the whole animal and on intracellular tissue pH in
      vivo. All these results show that bicarbonate is the more effective substance for
      correction of metabolic acidosis and should be preferred in clinical practice.

PMID- 6423504
TI  - [Enteral tube feeding--an alternative to parenteral infusion therapy].
AB  - Nasoenteral alimentation is less hazardous, cheaper and more physiological than
      parenteral nutrition. Serious complications of tube feeding such as bleeding from
      esophageal lesions or aspiration pneumonia have become rare since soft silicone
      rubber or polyurethane tubes are used and the diets are delivered into the
      jejunum rather than into the stomach. The costs of full enteral alimentation are
      25 to 50% of that caused by total parenteral nutrition. For intraduodenal or
      intrajejunal feeding continuous infusion of an elemental or oligopeptide diet is
      necessary. At the beginning of the feeding program infusion rate must be slowly
      increased over four to five days to avoid diarrhea, abdominal cramping and
      vomiting. The caloric requirements depend on the extent of protein energy
      malnutrition and hypercatabolism of the individual patient. Although follow-up of
      the patient's nutritional status and water- and electrolyte balance in the
      hospital must be extremely close at the beginning, tube feeding can be continued-
      if necessary--by home enteral nutrition later on.

PMID- 6423505
TI  - [A new method of ovarian transfer in patients with cervical cancer].
AB  - As a general treatment for women with invasive carcinoma of the cervix with
      pelvic lymph node metastasis and/or invasion into the cardinal ligament, a
      radical operation has been necessary followed by pelvic radiation. However, the
      irradiation leads to complete cessation of function of ovaries which were
      retained intact at the radical operation. In order to avoid the influence of
      irradiation on the ovary, a new operation has been considered; this consists of
      the transfer of the ovary (1) to the breast or (2) to the lateral upper abdomen.
      Both sites for transplantation are entirely removed from the pelvic radiation
      field. The procedure in the former is that the ovary with its own vessels, A. and
      V. ovarica separated from the retroperitoneum by at least 20 cm, is transferred
      into the breast through subcutaneous tissue and is followed by fixation into the
      breast adipose tissue through semicircular incision on areola mammae. In the
      latter technique, however, a sufficient length of ovarian vessels separated from
      retroperitoneum is mostly 10 cm or less in order to transfer the ovary to the
      upper lateral abdomen and fix it on the fascia of this site. A total of 51
      patients, in which the age ranged from 24 to 45 years old, have received the
      ovarian transfer at the radical operation; 31 patients by the former technique
      and 20 by the latter. After the operation, angiography showed that the
      circulation of the transplanted ovary was sufficient. Monthly cyclic change in
      size of the transplanted ovary (CCOS) was evident after operation. This change
      was related to BBT and levels of serum hormones (FSH, LH, E2 and P4). The
      frequency of occurrence of the evident CCOS was 20 out of 27 cases (74%) in the
      former technique and 18 out of 18 (100%) in the latter technique. Radiation doses
      measured on both the transplanted locations at pelvic irradiation were low enough
      to avoid disfunction in the transplanted ovary.

PMID- 6423506
TI  - [Evaluation of regional pulmonary function test using 11C02, 11C0 and 13N2].
AB  - In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the regional pulmonary
      function tests using positron gases and comparative studies of pulmonary
      functions were made using these positron gases and the conventional
      radioisotopes. In this study, 11CO2, 11CO, and 13N2 were used as positron study
      and then both 133Xe and 99mTc-MAA were used as conventional study. As fundamental
      tests, we measured the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the line source of
      these nuclides and then measured the depth response of energy of these nuclides
      using the source in water. The subjects comprised normal control subjects,
      chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis etc. as
      clinical tests. A single image or sequence of dynamic images were photographed by
      scintillation camera (Searle Pho-Gamma LFOV) equipped with a high energy
      collimator for positron and simultaneously the data were collected by computer.
      The detector of the scintillation camera was positioned in the posterior
      projection of the chest in a sitting position. A single breath method was used
      and after a short period of breath holding (10-20 min.), the inspired gas washed
      out for rebreathing room air. From the dynamic images, wash out curve and
      clearance rate were extracted with the aid of computer. The right lung field was
      divided into two zones, the upper and lower zones and upper/lower ratio (U/L
      ratio) of pulmonary distribution or clearance rate (C.R.) were calculated. As
      fundamental evaluation, resolving distance between positron and 133Xe were
      similar. But positron was best depth response of gamma-ray energy of the used
      nuclides. Clinically, 13N2 study and 133Xe study were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423507
TI  - Urinary acidifiers in phencyclidine detoxification.
AB  - Urinary acidification is widely used to increase the excretion rate of PCP in
      abusers. Various acidifying techniques were used and compared with regard to
      efficacy in lowering pH, side effects, and patient acceptability. On the basis of
      our findings and data from routine monitoring with test tapes, we would recommend
      the following acidifications procedures as efficacious and reasonably well
      tolerated: Ammonium chloride, 4 gm. per day, 1 gm. q.i.d., with sufficient water
      or cranberry juice. Lysine dihydrochloride, 6 gm. per day, 2 gm. t.i.d., with
      sufficient water or cranberry juice. Lysine hydrochloride, 8 gm. per day, 2 gm.
      q.i.d., with water or cranberry juice. Cranberry juice, 18 or more oz. per day
      alone, or plus lysine, ammonium chloride, or ascorbic acid.

PMID- 6423508
TI  - Dissociation of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone control
      mechanisms in male and female rats by neonatal administration of estradiol
      benzoate or testosterone propionate.
AB  - Testicular atrophy (TA) and decreased plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were
      observed in the adult male rat after treatment with 500 micrograms of estradiol
      benzoate (EB) on the first day of life, while administration of 1 mg of
      testosterone propionate (TP) on the same day was also associated with TA but
      increased LH levels. TA and no changes in plasma LH levels were seen when the
      treatment was performed with similar doses of both steroids on day 5 of life. In
      no case were plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels altered by these
      treatments. No differences in basal LH and FSH levels were found in adult females
      after treatment with 100 micrograms of EB or 1 mg of TP on day 5. LH response to
      castration was lower in neonatally androgenized and estrogenized adult male and
      female rats than in their respective controls, while FSH response was scarcely
      modified. In conclusion, neonatal treatment with EB or TP in both sexes induced
      alterations in LH control mechanisms without changing those of FSH.

PMID- 6423509
TI  - Correlation of LH, FSH and GnRH release during various brain-pituitary
      coincubations.
AB  - Hemipituitaries and various brain fragments from female albino rats were
      coincubated in the presence or absence of veratrine (a depolarizing agent). The
      release of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was measured by radioimmunoassay. In the
      absence of veratrine, none of the brain fragments affected LH and FSH release. In
      the presence of veratrine, large increases in LH and FSH release were caused by
      medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) fragments, slight increases were caused by
      suprachiasmatic:preoptic area fragments, and cerebral cortex fragments had no
      effect. LH and FSH release caused by brain fragments was significantly correlated
      with GnRH release and the GnRH concentrations attained during coincubations could
      account for all increases in LH and FSH release observed. Also, GnRH antiserum
      completely blocked increases in LH and FSH release during MBH-hemipituitary
      coincubations. The data indicate that the rat brain is unlikely to contain
      neurohormones other than GnRH capable of directly stimulating LH and FSH release
      in vivo.

PMID- 6423510
TI  - Effect of TRH on plasma arginine vasopressin.
AB  - Effect of thyrotropic releasing hormone (TRH) on plasma arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) was studied in human subjects. All 7 normal controls and 2 hypothyrotropic
      hypothyroid subjects failed to show any rise of AVP on TRH administration. The 4
      primary hypothyroid subjects had elevated basal AVP level and showed further
      elevation on TRH administration. Our data suggests that elevated TRH in primary
      hypothyroid subjects may act directly as a nonosmotic stimulus or modulate the
      osmoreceptor and hypothalamic neurohypophyseal system for AVP release.

PMID- 6423511
TI  - Prospective payment and psychiatry: an interview with Joseph English, M.D.

PMID- 6423512
TI  - 'Staging' software measures severity of patient's illness.

PMID- 6423513
TI  - A PPS essential: case-mix management systems.

PMID- 6423514
TI  - Oxygen consumption and nonmetabolic excess CO2 elimination in the initial period
      of strenuous muscular activity.

PMID- 6423515
TI  - Division of Dental Health, Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) Annual
      Report (Fiscal year '83--July, 1982-June, 1983).

PMID- 6423516
TI  - On the flexibility of surface structures of tumor cells in vitro.
AB  - When HeLa cells are detached from their support by trypsin, trypsin-EDTA, or by
      mechanical means large zeiotic blebs are formed. After reseeding the cells onto
      glass these blebs shrink. Those blebs near the support collapse completely to
      form lobes in the neighborhood of lobopodia. By scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy we could show the transformation of these zeiotic blebs into
      true lobopodia. This implies a repair of cell surface structures and components
      as well as of the subcortical cytoskeleton.

PMID- 6423517
TI  - Endogenous prostaglandin production by established cultures of neoplastic rat
      mammary epithelial cells.
AB  - The production and release of prostaglandins (PGs) into the growth medium by
      established cultures of neoplastic, mammary epithelial cells derived from (a) N
      nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced and (b) 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)
      induced mammary tumors, was assessed using radioimmunoassay techniques.
      Prostaglandin production was determined, to a considerable extent, by in vitro
      conditions and the tumor line analyzed. In medium supplemented with bovine calf
      serum (10%), NMU cells synthesized and released nanogram quantities of PGE2,
      PGE1, and PGF2 alpha (6.7, 4.7, and 1.7 ng/10(6) cells per 48 h, respectively).
      Concentrations of the two stable protanoid metabolites, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      TXB2, were indistinguishable from controls. In cells derived from the DMBA
      induced tumor (RBA cells), no net production of immunoreactive PGs was detected.
      In contrast, in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (10%), both RBA and
      NMU cells synthesized and released nanogram quantities of PGE2 (1 and 4 ng/10(6)
      cells per 48 h, respectively). PGE2 production by both NMU and RBA cells was
      inhibited by ibuprofen, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1). The
      pattern of PG inhibition by ibuprofen differed in the two cell lines. In NMU
      cells, a linear dose-response inhibitory pattern was discernable, whereas in RBA
      cells a biphasic pattern was observed; PGE2 levels increased at low
      concentrations of ibuprofen and then decreased at higher concentrations. At 100
      micrograms/ml ibuprofen, PG synthesis and release was inhibited by 90 and 100%
      and cell growth by 64 and 66% in NMU and RBA cells, respectively. There was no
      obvious dose-response relationship between ibuprofen concentration and cell
      growth inhibition in either cell line. These results underline the importance of
      the serum component of growth medium when analyzing PG production in vitro and
      suggest that the epithelial cell components of experimental mammary tumors are
      capable of producing physiologically relevant amounts of PGS.

PMID- 6423518
TI  - Antithrombin-III activity in ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 6423519
TI  - Torsade de pointe ventricular tachycardia in a surgically repaired ostium
      secundum atrial septal defect associated with mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6423520
TI  - Purification of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens PHK
      by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6423521
TI  - Control of glycogen phosphorylase from mantle muscle of the cuttle fish, Sepia
      pharaonis.

PMID- 6423522
TI  - Biosynthesis of penicillin in vitro: part II--purification & properties of 6
      aminopenicillanic acid--phenylacetyl-CoA/phenoxyacetyl-CoA transferase.

PMID- 6423523
TI  - Preliminary studies on camel serum immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6423524
TI  - Genetic control of immunity to Trichinella spiralis infections of mice.
      Hypothesis to explain the role of H-2 genes in primary and challenge infections.
AB  - H-2 congenic strains of mice were compared for their ability to expel T. spiralis
      infections from the small intestine and for their ability to limit the
      reproduction of adult female worms. B10.M mice (H-2f) expelled both primary and
      challenge infections more quickly than did the strains B10.Q(H-2q) and B10.BR(H
      2k). During a primary infection, expulsion of worms from B10.M mice began before
      Day 9 post-infection and worm counts differed significantly (P less than .05
      Student's t-test) from counts in B10.BR mice on each of Days 12 and 15.B10.Q mice
      expelled worms more rapidly than B10.BR but worm counts did not differ
      significantly until Day 15. Whereas B10.M mice responded most quickly to expel
      worms from the gut, B10.Q mice were most effective in limiting worm reproduction.
      Female worms harvested from B10.Q mice and cultured for 24 hr in vitro produced
      significantly fewer newborn larvae than did worms from B10.M or B10.BR mice.
      Worms from B10.M mice were less fecund than worms from B10.BR, but this
      difference was not apparent before Day 9 post-infection, and worms from B10.M
      were always more fecund than worms from B10.Q. Challenge infections 21 days
      following a priming dose of 200 T. spiralis muscle larvae were rejected very
      quickly. B10.M mice expelled 65% of their worms during the first 24 h. By Day 6
      after challenge, B10.M mice had expelled 84% of their worms; B10.Q and B10.BR
      expelled 75% and 37% respectively. These results suggest that a rapid expulsion
      response may be expressed in many different strains of mice depending on how the
      mice are immunized and the size of the infecting dose. Fecundity of female worms
      6 days following a challenge infection was reduced for all strains tested when
      compared to primary infection controls; however, worms from B10.Q mice were less
      fecund than worms from B10.M or B10.BR. Results of these experiments demonstrate
      that H-2 genes play an important role in controlling the immune response which
      expels worms from the gut and the response which limits worm reproduction. These
      H-2-controlled differences are expressed during both primary and challenge
      infections. As the present results conflict somewhat with results published
      elsewhere, we have proposed a new hypothesis to explain the data collected in our
      laboratories thus far. According to this hypothesis, the anti-adult response, the
      anti-fecundity response, and the rapid expulsion response are under independent
      genetic control and influenced by the interacting products of both H-2 and non-H
      2 genes.

PMID- 6423525
TI  - Effect of protein calorie malnutrition on the levels of natural and inducible
      cytotoxic activities in mouse spleen cells.
AB  - Six-week-old C57B1/6 female mice were fed a normal (24% protein) or an isocaloric
      but protein-deficient (4% protein) diet. At different time periods after the
      initiation of diets, basal natural killer (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and
      concanavalin-A (Con-A)-induced cytotoxic activity, Con-A-induced IL-2 production
      and levels of allospecific cytotoxic T cell activity generated in a mixed
      lymphocyte culture (MLC), were studied in spleen cells derived from control and
      protein deficient (PD) mice. Results indicated that (a) levels of spleen NK
      activity increased initially in PD mice, but after 7 weeks on PD diet declined to
      normal and subnormal levels, (b) IL-2 generation in response to Con-A as well as
      IL-2 activation of NK activity were comparable in spleen cells of control and PD
      mice at all time points tested, (c) Con-A-induced cytotoxic activity was
      significantly greater in spleen cells from PD mice, the difference being greater
      at higher doses of Con-A, and (d) generation of alloimmune cytotoxic T cells in a
      MLC reaction was normal in PD mouse spleen cells until 4 weeks after the
      beginning of PD diet, but declined markedly thereafter. Relevance of these
      observations to other related findings in protein calorie malnutrition are
      discussed.

PMID- 6423526
TI  - Evidence for the presence of idiotype-bearing regulatory T cells in which
      idiotype expression does not show linkage to either IgH alleles or the MHC.
AB  - An anti-idiotypic antiserum was raised in rabbits to a monoclonal antibody with
      specificity for one of the two antigenic determinants on the ferredoxin (Fd)
      molecule. The monoclonal antibody (Fd-B2) was derived from fusion of spleen cells
      from Fd-immune B10.BR (H-2k, Ighb). Examination of an extensive number of samples
      of Fd-immune serum from B10.BR and other mouse strains established that the Fd-B2
      idiotype is essentially never present in such sera in detectable concentrations
      (greater than 30 ng/ml). Administration of the anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Fd
      B2) i.v. to B10.BR mice, or treatment of B10.BR T cell-enriched populations with
      anti-Fd-B2 + C prior to adoptive transfer to irradiated B10.BR recipients
      followed by challenge with Fd resulted in a significant increase in the
      production of anti-Fd antibodies. This effect was specific and was not reflected
      by a change in expression of the Fd-B2 idiotype in the antibody produced.
      Similarly, injection of 10 micrograms of Fd-B2 into B10.BR mice resulted in an
      enhanced anti-Fd response. When similar experiments were carried out using B10.D2
      mice (H-2d, Ighb), which are genetic non-responders to Fd, it was observed that
      treatment which anti-Fd-B2 followed by challenge with Fd resulted in production
      in treated animals of significant levels of antibody to Fd. Again, the antisera
      thus produced did not contain detectable levels of the Fd-B2 idiotype. Further
      experiments using high responder (H-2k) mice with Igh allotypes differing from
      the B10 strains (C57/BR, Igha, and RF/J, Ighc), showed that treatment of these
      animals with anti-Fd-B2 also resulted in a highly significant enhancement of the
      anti-Fd response. These data imply that the anti-idiotypic antiserum (anti-Fd-2B)
      is exerting its influence by acting on an id + population of T cells and that the
      expression of this id is not dependent on genetic linkage to either the H-2 or
      the Igh loci.

PMID- 6423527
TI  - Immune complex formation analysed by high-performance size exclusion
      chromatography (HPLC-SEC) using either 125I-labelled antigen or enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection.
AB  - A physical/immunochemical method has been developed for the analysis of soluble
      immune complexes. Human serum with high amount of antibody against bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) was incubated at 37 degrees with a wide range of 125I-labelled BSA
      and separated according to size by high-performance size exclusion chromatography
      (HPLC-SEC) on a TSK G 6000 PW column. Fractions were collected onto microplates
      and analysed either by gamma counting or by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) technique detecting anti-BSA antibody. The size of the immune complexes
      were the same when analysed by the two methods. The heaviest immune complexes
      were seen in moderate antibody excess where the majority of the complexes were
      eluted in a broad peak around Mr of 7 X 10(6). In large antibody excess the
      immune complexes eluted at around 3 X 10(6). Around equilibrium two peaks were
      seen corresponding to 3 X 10(6) and 5 X 10(5). In antigen excess the peak at 3 X
      10(6) is diminished and free antigen appears. No changes in the distribution of
      the complexes were observed when the serum was made 20 mM in EDTA before
      incubation with BSA.

PMID- 6423528
TI  - T cell antigens and MHC determinants on rabbit granulocytes.
AB  - A cell preparation, consisting of 90% granulocytes (polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes), can be obtained from the rabbit peritoneal cavity. These cells have
      some membrane antigens, similar to those characteristic of thymus cells (T1, T2),
      but they do not have the thymus antigen, RTLA. Unlike thymus cells, many
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes have Ia antigen, in their membranes. Heterogeneity
      of the cell population is indicated by differences in the number of cells
      affected by complement-mediated cytotoxic cell-kill with monoclonal antibodies,
      directed against T1 and T2 and with polyclonal antibodies directed against Ia.

PMID- 6423529
TI  - Simultaneous detection of T6 and HLA-DR antigens distinguishes three cell
      subpopulations in dispersed normal human epidermal cells.
AB  - Normal human dendritic epidermal cells (EC) show specific surface membrane
      markers (T6 and DR antigens). This study presents evidence that, in dispersed EC
      suspensions, these membrane antigens may distinguish three antigen-positive EC
      subsets by means of double immunofluorescence labelling: 97.3 +/- 1.2% of the
      labelled cells were DR(+)/T6(+) while 2.2 +/- 0.9% were DR(+)/T6(-) and 0.5 +/-
      0.6% were DR(-)/T6(+). Immunoelectron microscopy with gold particles confirms the
      co-existence of T6-positive and T6-negative epidermal cells.

PMID- 6423530
TI  - Study of gonococcal infection groups of selected female population.

PMID- 6423531
TI  - Isoenzymes of isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase & succinic
      dehydrogenase of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6423532
TI  - Premature ageing of pituitary of irradiated ICRC mice.

PMID- 6423533
TI  - Absorption & urinary & salivary excretion of lithium after oral administration.

PMID- 6423534
TI  - A clinical evaluation of oxygen and carbon dioxide values and pH in the human
      aqueous humour in normal and cataractous eyes.

PMID- 6423535
TI  - Serum vitamin A levels after administration of aqueous & oil vitamin A
      preparations in normal children & children with protein-energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6423536
TI  - [Parenteral administration of amino acids. Reference values--study technic-
      interpretation of the study results--amino acid pattern as a criterion of the
      regulation of homeostasis].
AB  - The concentrations of free amino acids were measured in lithium-heparinat-plasma
      with a standardized quality controlled analytical procedure in 200 healthy
      persons (blood donors). The distribution of the measured values were
      statistically evaluated in the total group and differentiated in the male and
      female subcollective. The absolute total concentrations of the free amino acids
      vary in a broad range between 1.7 and 4.4 mmol/l. This large range is also seen
      for the single amino acid. In a new system for documentation and interpretation
      of analytical data the measured values are collected and mean, median, standard
      deviation, mini-max-range and 95% confidence interval are automatically computed.
      On this basis of data a physiological reference range is defined. The broad
      variability of the absolute concentrations is not found in the relative
      composition of the pattern. The relations of the amino acid concentrations which
      are important for the quality of the cellular support are very constant. Their
      importance is caused by the fact that only few different transport systems exist
      for at least 20 amino acids, which means that the different amino acids are
      competing at the same system for cellular uptake. The essential of the results in
      this study is that the liver guarantees the constancy of the physiological
      pattern also in cases where the exogenous supply differs from the characteristics
      of elimination of the single amino acid from blood. Only when the oxidative
      capacity of the liver is insufficient as in pathological states like infections
      pathological concentrations are found. In these cases the true change is
      undiscovered when the absolute concentrations are considered, because the
      insufficient functions of the liver causes initially high total concentrations.
      For the interpretation of an analysis of amino acids in blood plasma two main
      criteria are necessary: the total concentration of amino acid characterizes the
      quantitative support while the concentration pattern determines the quality of
      the cellular uptake.

PMID- 6423537
TI  - [Effect of energy administration on the amino acid level in the postoperative
      phase].
AB  - A total of 34 cancer patients, all of them subjected to radical surgery of the
      stomach or large bowel were studied. Group I (n = 5) received during the first
      postoperative days total parenteral nutrition with a caloric support of 35-45
      kcal/kg/day and 12,5 gr N in a 8,5% L-aminoacid solution (Freamine II). Group II
      (n = 9) received an isotonic solution of 3% L-aminoacid without caloric support.
      Serum amino acids (AA) were determined daily (Perkin-Elmer KLA-1 Analyzer), as
      well as nitrogen balance (NB) and serum albumin (Alb) on the preoperative, 1st,
      and 6th postoperative day: Both groups experienced a progressive increase of
      serum AA during the period of study. Group II showed levels of branched-AA
      significantly higher than group I, as well as the total of essential-AA. MET, GLY
      and PHE were considerably elevated in both groups. ALA did not change in group I
      showing subnormal values in group II. NB was significantly higher in group I, but
      none of the groups studied has recovered the initial values of Alb after six days
      of treatment.

PMID- 6423538
TI  - [Problems with the addition of sulfite to infusion solutions].
AB  - Sulfites are added to certain infusion solutions in order to prevent non-enzymic
      browning and decomposition during sterilization. Sulfites are extremely reactive,
      pharmacologically active compounds. Some undesired reactions are proven, others
      are suspected. Of special relevance with regard to the application of sulfite
      containing infusion solutions is the destruction of thiamine, a possibly
      hepatotoxic effect of tryptophan-conversion products, and reports on severe
      asthmatic reactions. Therefore, declaration of sulfite addition to infusion
      solutions (calculated as SO2) and a warning notice is recommended.

PMID- 6423539
TI  - Instability of the ankle due to a separate centre of ossification in the lateral
      malleolus.
AB  - A case of recurrent instability of the ankle is reported. It was associated with
      a separate centre of ossification in the lateral malleolus. While such extra
      ossification centres for both malleoli are recognized, they have not hitherto
      been incriminated as a cause of instability. The successful treatment of this
      case is described and the incidence and significance of separate ossification
      centres for the malleoli are discussed.

PMID- 6423540
TI  - Type-specific capsular antigen is associated with virulence in late-onset group B
      Streptococcal type III disease.
AB  - Strain differences have been postulated to explain the observation that group B
      Streptococcus type III (GBS III) late-onset disease occurs in only a fraction of
      colonized infants. To determine the distribution of type-specific polysaccharide
      antigen (Ag) in GBS III, Ag was measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in both
      supernatant fluids and EDTA extracts and by radial immunodiffusion in multiple
      HCl extracts of the pellet from cultures of 10 strains of GBS III. Capsular Ag
      was defined as the sum of Ag in EDTA extracts + Ag in multiple HCl extracts. Both
      Ag in EDTA extracts and Ag in supernatant fluids correlated with capsular Ag (r =
      0.94). GBS III strains were obtained from the blood of 19 infants with late-onset
      sepsis, from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of 22 infants with late-onset
      meningitis, and from mucosal surfaces of both 18 infants and 12 mothers of
      infants with low levels of type-specific antibody and asymptomatic colonization.
      Mean values of Ag in supernatant fluids in strains from infants with late-onset
      sepsis (1.50 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml) and late-onset meningitis (1.67 +/- 0.09
      micrograms/ml) were significantly greater than those in asymptomatic colonization
      strains (1.14 +/- 0.05 micrograms/ml; P less than 0.001). The number of organisms
      required for a 50% lethal dose in the chick embryo, determined in 29 strains, was
      inversely related to Ag in supernatant fluids (r = -0.60). The demonstration that
      the quantity of capsular Ag produced by GBS III strains is related to their
      virulence in chick embryos and to their invasiveness in susceptible infants
      supports the hypothesis that Ag is a virulence factor in humans.

PMID- 6423541
TI  - Specific immunoglobulin A antibodies to a peptide subunit sequence of bacterial
      cell wall peptidoglycan.
AB  - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in human sera with binding specificity for the
      C-terminal R-D-Ala-D-Ala sequence of the precursor peptide from bacterial cell
      wall peptidoglycan were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
      Specificity of the test system was proved by comparing the high binding of
      specific IgA to albumin-(D-Ala3) as an antigen with the failure to bind to
      albumin-(L-Ala3), by binding inhibition studies with L-Ala3, D-Ala3, or peptides
      with structural analogy to peptidoglycan peptide subunit peptides as inhibitors,
      and by excluding binding of peroxidase-labeled anti-human IgA to immunoglobulin
      classes others than IgA. Interference of rheumatoid factors of IgA class was
      excluded by an ELISA for assaying IgA-rheumatoid factor and by the fact that an
      IgA fraction essentially free of IgG and IgM was isolated from a serum reacting
      strongly positive in the ELISA for measuring specific IgA to the peptide subunit
      of peptidoglycan. This isolated IgA again exhibited binding specificity in the
      ELISA, thus corroborating the existence of specific IgA in human serum to the C
      terminal R-D-Ala-D-Ala sequence of peptidoglycan precursor peptide. The existence
      of IgA antibodies with specificity for bacterial peptidoglycan was further proved
      by preadsorption of serum to peptidoglycans and subsequent measurement of
      specific IgA in the ELISA. Screening of human sera for IgA antibodies with
      specificity for R-D-Ala-D-Ala peptides revealed that specific antibodies directed
      against this sequence of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan may be detected in
      several human sera.

PMID- 6423542
TI  - Purification and characterization of the serotype c antigen from Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans.
AB  - The serotype c antigen from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was purified
      with fractional ethanol precipitation of cell-free culture supernatant,
      sequential ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The
      preparation obtained demonstrated a single precipitin line in immunodiffusion,
      immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis when rabbit antisera to
      serotype c whole bacterial cells were used. No immunological reaction was
      detected with antisera to serotype c lipopolysaccharide, indicating that
      lipopolysaccharide was not present in the preparation. The serotype c antigen was
      composed of 95% carbohydrate, 2% protein, and 3.1% phosphate. Gas chromatographic
      analysis of the antigen obtained from growth in either complex or chemically
      defined media revealed that the carbohydrate constituent was composed of 84 to
      90.1% mannose, 4.8 to 16% glucose, 1.9% N-acetylglucosamine, 1.4% fucose, and
      0.2% galactose. The present data suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c
      antigen is predominantly a mannose-containing carbohydrate suggestive of a
      mannan.

PMID- 6423543
TI  - Efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in mice undergoing prior
      pulmonary infection with atypical mycobacteria.
AB  - The efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunization in mice with established
      pulmonary infections caused by atypical mycobacteria was studied. In all four
      strains of Mycobacterium tested (M. kansasii, M. simiae, M. avium, and M.
      scrofulaceum), intravenous inoculation with 10(6) BCG had no discernible effect
      upon the course of atypical mycobacterial infection within the lungs; despite
      this, however, all BCG-vaccinated groups of mice were fully resistant to a
      subsequent acute aerogenic challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, regardless of
      the presence of the pulmonary atypical mycobacterial infections. Furthermore,
      animals infected with M. kansasii, M. simiae, or M. avium but not vaccinated with
      BCG expressed considerable antituberculous resistance within the lungs, resulting
      in significant prolonged survival of these animals. The relevance of these
      findings to the expression of antituberculous resistance in human populations in
      areas in which atypical mycobacteria are endemic and the failure of these
      findings to support the hypothesis that prior contact with atypical mycobacteria
      might in some way jeopardize or interfere with the efficacy of subsequent BCG
      vaccination are discussed.

PMID- 6423544
TI  - Oxygen radical production by peritoneal macrophages and Kupffer cells elicited
      with Lactobacillus casei.
AB  - BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) with
      Lactobacillus casei YIT9018 (LC 9018). The i.p. injected LC 9018 augmented oxygen
      radical (OR) production by peritoneal macrophages (PM) and suppressed the
      production of prostaglandin E2 by PM. The growth of i.p. inoculated Meth A
      fibrosarcoma was also inhibited by an i.p. injection of LC 9018. i.v. injection
      of LC 9018 stimulated OR production by fixed macrophages and inhibited the growth
      of Listeria monocytogenes in the liver. Furthermore, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity in the liver was significantly increased (10 to 20 times)
      by LC 9018 i.v. injection. A significant correlation was observed between the
      augmentation of OR production by PM or fixed macrophages in the liver and
      inhibition of growth of Meth A or L. monocytogenes. The augmentation of OR
      production by LC 9018 was more marked and was maintained for a longer period of
      time than that by other bacterial immunostimulants.

PMID- 6423545
TI  - Interbacterial adherence between Actinomyces viscosus and strains of
      Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Interbacterial adherence was sought between strains of Actinomyces viscosus
      indigenous to the human mouth and strains of Streptococcus pyogenes,
      Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six of nine strains of S.
      pyogenes, three of five strains of S. agalactiae, and two of four strains of P.
      aeruginosa were found to coaggregate with each of five strains of A. viscosus
      tested. Some coaggregation reactions were inhibited by 0.05 M lactose and were
      dependent upon heat- and protease-sensitive Actinomyces components. Such
      reactions appear to involve the galactosyl-binding adhesin previously described
      in type 2 fimbriae on A. viscosus. Other coaggregation reactions were dependent
      upon heat- and protease-sensitive components of the pathogen. That such pathogen
      strains possessed an adhesin(s) was further suggested by the observation that
      they agglutinated human erythrocytes. The ability of coaggregation-positive and 
      negative strains of S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae to adhere to Actinomyces-coated
      agarose beads was also studied. Coaggregation-positive streptococcal strains
      attached in higher numbers to the Actinomyces-coated beads than did strains which
      were coaggregation negative. Lactose (0.05 M) inhibited the attachment of those
      streptococcal strains which coaggregated with A. viscosus in a lactose-sensitive
      manner. The adherence of those streptococcal strains whose coaggregation appeared
      to depend upon the galactosyl-binding adhesin of A. viscosus was also reduced by
      components of human saliva. Crude sonic extracts of coaggregation-positive
      streptococci or of P. aeruginosa were also effective in aggregating Actinomyces
      cells. The effect of lactose and of salivary components on this extract-induced
      aggregation of Actinomyces cells generally paralleled that observed in other
      assays. The apparent prevalence and diversity of adherent reactions between the
      pathogens studied and indigenous strains of A. viscosus suggest that some may
      affect host susceptibility to these infectious agents.

PMID- 6423547
TI  - The combined action of azlocillin and sisomicin in a model simulating the in vivo
      serum kinetics.
AB  - The in vivo serum kinetics of azlocillin and sisomicin were simulated in a new in
      vitro test model. A strong synergistic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      resulted when both compounds were administered simultaneously and eliminated
      according to their individual half-life values, even when the decreasing drug
      concentrations exceeded the MICs for only a short period of time. When applied at
      intervals, neither pretreatment with azlocillin nor with sisomicin blocked the
      antibacterial activity of the combination partner.

PMID- 6423546
TI  - What do beta-lactamases mean for clinical efficacy?
AB  - beta-Lactamases have proved to be extremely important in influencing therapy with
      penicillins and cephalosporins against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic
      and anaerobic species. Both plasmid mediated beta-lactamases which are primarily
      of a constitutive penicillinase type and the inducible chromosomal enzymes which
      are primarily cephalosporinases are important. The use of penicillins to treat
      Haemophilus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella,
      Shigella and Pseudomonas infections must be based upon the relative incidence of
      beta-lactamase producing strains. In the same manner cephalosporins can be used
      to treat infections due to Enterobacter, Serratia and Bacteroides only if the
      compounds are beta-lactamase stable and not good inducers of beta-lactamase
      activity. Although altered permeability is important in the resistance of some
      Pseudomonas and Enterobacter to beta-lactams, the resistance really is due to a
      combination of reduced entry of molecules and strategically placed beta
      lactamases. It is only in some Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis strains that altered penicillin
      binding proteins make a significant contribution to the resistance to beta
      lactams. beta-lactamases will continue to be the most important factor in
      clinically significant resistance of bacteria to both penicillins and
      cephalosporins.

PMID- 6423549
TI  - Are video display terminals a source of increased PCB concentration in the
      working atmosphere? One answer.
AB  - In response to the question: "Are datascreen terminals a source of increased PCB
      concentrations in the working atmosphere?" a study of PCB emissions from video
      display terminals (VDT) was undertaken. Emissions of 2.4 to 8.1 ng PCB/h were
      observed from VDT located in a building (1) where the mean PCB level in the air
      was 46 ng PCB/m3 during the test period, whereas no PCB emissions were detected
      from VDT located in a building (2) where no PCB could be detected in the ambient
      air. However, both the air and the VDT from building 2 were found to be
      contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We conclude that the observed
      PCB emissions from VDT are the result of the vapourization of PCB deposited onto
      the VDT from the PCB contaminated air and do not originate from the electrical
      components of the VDT.

PMID- 6423548
TI  - Selective antimicrobial modulation of the intestinal flora. Prophylaxis against
      infection in neutropenic patients.

PMID- 6423550
TI  - Patterns of community-based prevention programs.
AB  - Prevention of dental caries is most effectively and efficiently achieved by
      community-based methods, whether in economically developed or developing
      countries. The role of the private practitioner is a dual one: to support the
      establishment of appropriate caries-preventive programs such as water
      fluoridation, salt fluoridation, supervised ingestion of fluoride tablets, and
      supervised programs of mouthrinsing with fluoride solutions and with such
      programs in place, to provide personal preventive care to that relatively small
      number of caries-susceptible people who will still need individual attention. The
      development of community-based programs is especially critical in those
      developing countries where the population is growing rapidly and caries is
      becoming more prevalent, for with their limited resources the only hope of
      controlling caries is with cost-effective community programs. Control of
      periodontal disease requires community education, but to be successful it will
      also require preventive care from practitioners. Even in the economically
      developed countries there is a need for greater awareness of periodontal disease
      among both practitioners and the public. In many of these countries, now that
      caries is becoming better controlled, the time is ripe for considerably more
      prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Its control, in the developing
      countries, poses special problems, and will have to depend heavily on public
      education for a considerable time yet. Both community-based programs and private
      practitioners have important roles to play in the prevention of the most
      prevalent oral diseases, but these roles need to be carefully defined to avoid
      wasteful duplication if maximum benefit is to be obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423551
TI  - EDTA - time for re-evaluation?

PMID- 6423552
TI  - Streptococcal preparation OK-432-induced interferon in human leukocytes:
      purification and characterization.
AB  - Interferon production was induced in leukocyte suspensions from human buffy coats
      after stimulation with the streptococcal preparation OK-432. At day 2-3 the
      induced interferon reached a maximal level of 0.9 units/1,000 cells. By a
      combination of batch adsorption/elution on silicic acid, batch adsorption to DEAE
      Sephacel, affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and on poly(U)
      Sepharose, this interferon could be purified to a specific activity of 10(7.5)
      units/mg protein. The antiviral activity was characterized as being solely due to
      gamma-type interferon by a variety of physicochemical, biochemical and
      serological criteria. Its molecular weight as determined by gel filtration
      amounted to 53,000 daltons, and its activity was completely neutralized by highly
      specific antisera to human gamma-type interferon (45K). The OK-432-induced
      interferon, as the crude supernatant of stimulated leukocytes, and at several
      stages of its purification, was found to stimulate the natural killer cell
      activity of fresh human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6423553
TI  - Use of a simple in vivo technique to investigate components of the immediate
      hypersensitivity reaction in conscious guinea pigs.
AB  - A semiplethysmographic method was used to delineate the effects of aerosol
      antigen challenge on the respiratory pattern of conscious, sensitized guinea
      pigs. Chlorpheniramine pretreatment prevented death, delayed the onset of
      respiratory symptoms and decreased the severity of the hypersensitivity reaction.
      This reaction could be further diminished to varying degrees by the addition of
      FPL55712, atropine sulfate and/or imidazole to chlorpheniramine. Indomethacin and
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) with chlorpheniramine caused a potentiation in
      the severity of the hypersensitivity reaction. However, chlorpheniramine, NDGA
      and imidazole in combination blocked the hypersensitivity reaction. The technique
      appears to demonstrate the involvement of several suggested mediators in asthma
      and appears potentially useful as an indicator of effects on arachidonic acid
      metabolism and metabolites.

PMID- 6423554
TI  - The current status of heart-lung transplantation.

PMID- 6423555
TI  - A longitudinal study of antibody titres to Antigen 6 in patients with bone and
      joint tuberculosis.
AB  - Thirteen patients with active bone and joint tuberculosis were investigated to
      determine their antibody response to Antigen 6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      during and after treatment. The antibody titre was found to be most helpful in
      diagnosis and in assessing the activity of the disease after treatment was
      completed. There is great individual variation of the antibody level, so the use
      of this serological test for monitoring the response to treatment requires
      further investigation in a larger group of patients.

PMID- 6423556
TI  - Fernandez and Mitsuda reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized with heat-killed
      Mycobacterium leprae: persistence and specificity of skin reactivity to soluble
      and particulate antigens.
AB  - Guinea pigs were sensitized with 500 micrograms dry weight of heat-killed
      Mycobacterium leprae, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. vaccae, or M. nonchromogenicum
      suspended in saline. Significant Fernandez (peak swelling at 48 hr) and Mitsuda
      (peaking at 21 days) reactions were observed when all four groups of animals were
      skin tested with 10 micrograms of the homologous whole-cell antigen (WCA)
      preparations one month after sensitization. Some of the guinea pigs were given a
      booster injection of the homologous suspension three months later and were then
      retested with the four WCA preparations. The Fernandez (rather than the Mitsuda)
      reactivity was enhanced by the second immunization and was still substantial when
      tested eight months after boosting. The Mitsuda-type responses observed 12 months
      after the primary sensitization peaked earlier than in the first- and four-month
      tests, regardless of the vaccinating organism. The M. leprae-sensitized guinea
      pigs produced larger Fernandez skin reactions than those seen in the other three
      groups of sensitized animals, but there was substantial crossreactivity between
      M. leprae and M. tuberculosis antigens, as well as somewhat lesser responsiveness
      in the M. vaccae- or M. nonchromogenicum-sensitized animals skin tested with
      lepromin. The present study indicates that saline suspensions of heat-killed M.
      leprae induced a highly persistent state of lepromin hypersensitivity which was
      quantitatively superior to that observed in animals sensitized with the three
      other mycobacteria.

PMID- 6423557
TI  - Dose dependent responses of cattle to Theileria parva stabilate.

PMID- 6423558
TI  - Some factors controlling the stimulation of sporogony of Theileria parva in its
      tick vector Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.

PMID- 6423559
TI  - Effects of TRH-T and DN-1417 on the central nervous system: an
      electrophysiological study of arousal reaction and evoked muscular discharges.
AB  - For the purpose of elucidating the effects of TRH and DN-1417 on the CNS,
      electrophysiological experiments were performed and the following observed. 1.
      TRH and DN-1417 exerted threshold-decreasing action not only on the threshold for
      arousal reaction but also on the threshold for evoked muscular discharges, which
      occur on stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation. 2. The threshold
      decreasing effect of DN-1417 was stronger than that of TRH, not only for the
      arousal reaction but also for the evoked muscular discharges. 3. Both TRH and DN
      1417, with facilitating effects on the brainstem reticular formation, increased
      the number of spontaneous unit discharges. DN-1417 increased the number of
      reticular units, to the same degree as TRH with a smaller dose. These results
      indicate that both TRH and DN-1417 act on the nerve cells in the brainstem
      reticular formation, awaken consciousness and facilitate the function of the
      motor system.

PMID- 6423560
TI  - Long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer with pirenzepine; gastric pH values and
      incidence of relapses: an open pilot study.
AB  - Twenty-three endoscopically healed duodenal ulcer patients entered a long-term
      treatment with pirenzepine for 1 year (two 25-mg tablets at breakfast and two
      tablets at bedtime). One day before and 7 days after the long-term treatment
      started, gastric pH and BAO were measured in each patient after fasting. The
      patients were clinically examined monthly and underwent endoscopy 4, 8 and 12
      months after the trial started or when they complained of ulcer symptoms. Blood
      and urine laboratory tests were carried out before treatment began and 6 and 12
      months afterwards. Eighteen of the 22 patients that completed the trial (82%) did
      not relapse. The statistical analysis tended to show a relationship between
      absence of pH increase and relapses. No severe side-effects or changes in the
      results of laboratory tests were observed.

PMID- 6423561
TI  - Long-term management of duodenal ulcer with pirenzepine and cimetidine: a double
      blind controlled clinical trial.
AB  - The effectiveness of pirenzepine in the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapses was
      assessed by means of a double-blind controlled trial versus cimetidine. Seventy
      duodenal ulcer out-patients endoscopically healed after a 6-week treatment with
      either pirenzepine or cimetidine were admitted to the trial. The former
      pirenzepine patients were treated again with pirenzepine: 1 tablet at breakfast
      and 2 tablets at bedtime (75 mg daily). The former cimetidine patients were
      treated again with cimetidine: 2 tablets at bedtime (400 mg daily). They received
      one placebo tablet at breakfast. Both treatments lasted 12 months. Tablets of a
      mild antacid were permitted only if necessary to relieve severe ulcer pain and
      heartburn. Patients underwent clinical and endoscopic assessments after 4, 8 and
      12 months of treatment and whenever ulcer symptoms lasted more than 4-5
      consecutive days. Only 47 out of the 70 patients that entered the trial underwent
      all clinical and endoscopic controls. Sixteen out of 23 patients on pirenzepine
      (70%) and 17 out of 24 patients on cimetidine (71%) did not relapse after 12
      months. The difference is not statistically significant. Both treatments were
      well tolerated. The results show that pirenzepine was as effective as cimetidine
      in the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapses when administered at a dosage of 75
      mg daily (of which 50 mg at bedtime) for one year.

PMID- 6423562
TI  - Maturation and fertilization in starfish oocytes.

PMID- 6423563
TI  - Human interferon alpha A or alpha D and trifluridine treatment for herpetic
      keratitis in rabbits.
AB  - Recombinant human interferon (IFN) alpha A and alpha D combined with 1%
      trifluridine ophthalmic solution gave beneficial results when applied topically
      at a dose of 1 x 10(6) U per eye four times a day commencing 4 hr after eyes were
      inoculated with herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Acute herpetic keratitis was
      suppressed by trifluridine alone and the combined therapies, but the high-titered
      interferon preparations, alone, had little effect. Duration of HSV-1 shedding
      into tear film during topical treatment for acute herpetic keratitis was reduced
      slightly by combined therapy with either IFN alpha A or IFN alpha D with
      trifluridine.

PMID- 6423564
TI  - Transplant and dialysis: the cost/benefit question.

PMID- 6423565
TI  - Effect of amiodarone on thyroid hormone economy.
AB  - Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), resin uptake of T3 (RT3U), thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) and TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
      were measured in 92 patients treated with amiodarone for up to 4 years. Two
      patients developed thyrotoxicosis, while euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia occurred in
      29 (32%). Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 11 patients (12%), and a further 11 had
      tests consistent with a "failing thyroid." Of 39 patients with normal values of
      T4, 15 had abnormal responses to TRH. Of the 92 patients, 24 were tested before
      administration of amiodarone and then sequentially; alterations in thyroid
      function were frequent within the first 3 months. A scheme is proposed for early
      recognition of disturbed thyroid function due to amiodarone.

PMID- 6423566
TI  - Relation between efficacy of sodium cromoglycate and baseline lung function in
      exercise- and hyperventilation-induced asthma.
AB  - The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) against exercise- and
      hyperventilation-induced asthma with respect to basal lung function was
      investigated in young asthmatics. The subjects performed standardized exercise or
      isocapnic hyperventilation challenge tests breathing cold dry air; in each case
      the effect of SCG was compared with that of a placebo in a double-blind fashion.
      With exercise as the challenge in 24 subjects, there was a strong positive
      correlation between the protective effect of SCG and the basal level of lung
      function. Using hyperventilation as the challenge in 11 subjects, there was no
      such correlation, but excluding two known placebo responders, there was a
      negative correlation between the protective effect of SCG and basal lung
      function. There findings suggest that exercise and hyperventilation operate
      differently in inducing asthma.

PMID- 6423568
TI  - Migraine, seizures and epileptic focal E.E.G. abnormalities in a young adult: a
      nine-year follow-up.

PMID- 6423567
TI  - Lithium carbonate has no measurable effect on cerebral hemodynamics in cluster
      headaches.

PMID- 6423569
TI  - [Total skin electron therapy of mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome].
AB  - There is no doubt about the effectiveness of radiotherapy as total skin electron
      irradiation in the therapy of mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Dose
      distribution in skin and body surface (measured on the Alderson phantom) as well
      as the therapy scheme by electron therapy are presented. The Stanford group
      observed that 84% of their patients achieved a complete remission by aggressive
      (greater than 3,000 rad) total skin electron irradiation. The overall survival
      rate was 46% at 10 years with the major prognostic factor being the initial
      extent of skin involvement.

PMID- 6423570
TI  - Leakage and scattered dose equivalent during 25-MV radiation treatments.

PMID- 6423571
TI  - Managing the health service. 6. Cost benefit analysis--Does it benefit the Health
      Service?

PMID- 6423572
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of the head and neck.
AB  - Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) is an autosomal dominant disease
      that affects one in 2,500-3,000 births. Because the head and neck is unique in
      its anatomical compartmentalization of the central and peripheral nervous
      systems, the potential for involvement of these areas with neurofibromas is
      substantial and accounts for a myriad of clinicopathologic presentations. In the
      present study, the incidence of involvement in the head and neck is 37%. We found
      81% of the patients had cafe au lait spots, 63% had positive family histories,
      and 66% had multiple cutaneous nodules. An incidence of malignant transformation
      was documented in 3.5% of the cases. Management of benign neurofibromatosis must
      be individualized for each patient and ranges from incisional biopsy to wide
      local excision. In every case, the risk of severe neurologic deficit must be
      weighted against the benefits of surgical resection, which is usually incomplete.
      Genetic counseling is advised for all patients with this disease, since no cure
      is available.

PMID- 6423573
TI  - [Oropharyngoesophageal carcinoma - aspects of the nutritional status and
      immunoresistance].

PMID- 6423574
TI  - Effects of anions on the ligand-linked subunit assembly of human hemoglobin: the
      mutual effects of Cl- and EDTA.
AB  - We have studied the mutual effects of chloride ion and EDTA on the dimer-tetramer
      assembly of human deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. It is found that these two
      anions have similar but interdependent effects. In low C1- (.01 M) increasing
      concentrations of EDTA are found to decrease both forward and reverse rate
      constants for deoxyhemoglobin, whereas no effect is observed at 0.1 M C1-. These
      results suggest that binding of anions at the alpha 1 beta 2 intersubunit contact
      may stabilize both the dimeric and tetrameric forms of the deoxy molecule, thus
      inhibiting both the dissociation and reassociation reactions. The overall effects
      of EDTA and low C1- on the dimer-tetramer equilibrium constants are found to be
      distinctly different in deoxy and oxyhemoglobins with a major effect on the oxy
      form. These findings establish validity of the results from previous
      thermodynamic studies carried out in approximately physiological C1-
      concentrations along with the small amounts of EDTA which are used to minimize
      artifacts of oxidation. As observed for deoxyhemoglobin, it is found that in 0.1
      M C1- ion there is no further effect of EDTA on the oxyhemoglobin dimer-tetramer
      equilibrium.

PMID- 6423575
TI  - Linkage data supporting a mathematical explanation for some empirical cis-trans
      effects.

PMID- 6423576
TI  - An automatic fluorescence micro-ELISA system for quantitative screening of
      hybridoma supernatants using a protein-A-beta-galactosidase conjugate.
AB  - We report on a rapid micro-ELISA screening procedure for the detection of
      monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface determinants on lymphoid
      cells of the mouse. This method employs Terasaki-type trays coated with a
      monolayer of target cells fixed with 0.02% glutaraldehyde. Cells are incubated
      with monoclonal antibodies, followed by affinity column-purified rabbit-anti-rat
      immunoglobulin antibodies and a protein-A-beta-galactosidase conjugate. Binding
      of antibodies to the cells is visualized by incubation with the substrate 4
      methylumbelliferyl galactoside. Fluorescence in the individual wells of the
      Terasaki trays is then quantitatively analysed within 120 s using a scanning
      inverted microfluorometer, connected to a digital voltmeter and a desk-top
      calculator.

PMID- 6423577
TI  - Calorimetric validation of the doubly-labelled water method for determination of
      energy expenditure in man.
AB  - The turnover rates of water and carbon dioxide have been estimated at frequent
      intervals after a single dose of 2H2 18O had been given to an adult monitored
      continuously in a whole body calorimeter for 5 d. The integrated CO2 production
      rate for 5 d, estimated from the differential rates of 2H and 18O excretion in
      urine, was within 2 per cent of the actual CO2 output, based on an improved
      method of calculation. Changes occurred in the abundance of 2H and 18O in
      response to activity, so that the timing of samples was important. It was found
      better to compute the production rate of CO2 from multiple samples rather than
      from measurements at only two points of time. The proportion of total water lost
      by evaporation proved to be less than previously assumed. Direct validation of
      the technique requires calorimetric studies of 2 to 3 weeks duration, in either
      animals or human subjects. The potential value of this method for measurement of
      energy expenditure in man is such that exacting tests of its accuracy and
      precision are needed before it is adopted for general use in metabolic and
      epidemiological studies.

PMID- 6423578
TI  - [Myotomy (pars fundiformis m. cricopharyngei)in the treatment of Zenker's
      diverticulum. Report on 32 patients treated between 1972 and 1981].
AB  - 11 patients were subjected to external operation with invagination of the pouch
      and myotomy; this procedure was chosen for younger patients, and small pouches
      with a broad spur. 21 patients were treated by cutting the spur of the
      diverticulum endoscopically; this intervention was preferred for older patients,
      and for larger diverticula with a narrow spur. Three of five recurrences were
      treated endoscopically. There were no complications, stay in hospital was short.
      Cutting the spur of the diverticulum relieves the cause of the patient's
      complaints. The endoscopic procedure can be repeated until satisfying results are
      obtained, even after previous external operations.

PMID- 6423579
TI  - [Treatment and treatment results of Zenker's diverticulum].
AB  - A series of 51 patients is described who were treated surgically for a Zenker's
      diverticulum. The surgical techniques available and the results of treatment are
      discussed. This report emphasises the usefulness of the diverticulofixatio
      described by Koenig. This was especially useful in elderly patients in poor
      general condition.

PMID- 6423580
TI  - Techniques in nutritional assessment.

PMID- 6423581
TI  - Adjuvant postoperative pelvic radiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix:
      pattern of cancer recurrence in patients undergoing elective radiation following
      radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with invasive cervical cancer have been referred to the
      Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Washington following
      radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patients at high-risk for tumor
      recurrence were selected for adjuvant pelvic irradiation because of adverse risk
      factors identified on pathological study of the hysterectomy specimen. All
      patients were treated because of possible residual, microscopic carcinoma.
      Fourteen patients (38%) developed recurrent cancer, of whom 10 (27%) manifested
      initial failure within the irradiated volume. Possible explanations for this
      observation are discussed.

PMID- 6423582
TI  - Four years experience with a mercury shielded irregular field system (MSIFS).
AB  - A mercury shielded irregular field system (MSIFS) has been in use in our
      department since January 1979. The system is described and illustrated.
      Experience in treating 225 patients demonstrated that the system is accurate and
      reproducible. The system offers a choice of shielding efficiency in a
      transmission range from 100 to 3.5% for 18 MV photons. Routine measurements of
      mercury vapor concentration in the treatment room showed values below 0.02 mg
      Hg/m3 air. (The maximum acceptable concentration in The Netherlands is 0.05 mg
      Hg/m3 air.) It is concluded that the system is cost-effective, easy to use, and
      flexible and safe.

PMID- 6423583
TI  - A modified radiotherapy technique in the treatment of medulloblastoma.
AB  - Craniospinal irradiation is a standard treatment technique in patients who
      receive surgery for medulloblastoma. In most centers megavoltage photon
      irradiation is used, resulting in significant irradiation exposure to critical
      organs. In order to overcome this difficulty, we recently modified the technique
      applied in our center, by using high energy electrons (20 MeV) for irradiation of
      the spinal cord. The reliability of this technique was checked by performing
      dosimetry in a specially constructed wax phantom. Attention was focused upon dose
      variations at the junction of fields. Furthermore, the influence of vertebrae on
      the absorbed dose distribution of high energy electrons is presented. This
      technique seems to be safe and reliable in selected patients (children and
      teenagers).

PMID- 6423584
TI  - Stage T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with surgery
      and/or radiation therapy.
AB  - This is a retrospective analysis of 68 patients with Stage T3 squamous cell
      carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with surgery and/or irradiation from
      March 1965 to April 1981 at the University of Florida. Follow-up ranged from 2 to
      17.5 years. Initial local-regional control of disease above the clavicles (i.e.,
      prior to salvage attempts) by treatment technique for patients at risk for
      greater than or equal to 2 years was 11/19 (58%) with irradiation alone, 5/7
      (71%) with preoperative irradiation and surgery, 8/9 (89%) with surgery and
      postoperative irradiation, and 18/23 (78%) with surgery alone. Initial control of
      disease at the primary site was accomplished in 11/18 (61%) treated with
      radiation therapy alone, and ultimate control of the primary was obtained in
      15/18 (83%) after surgical salvage. Analysis of complications and survival is
      included, and treatment recommendations are discussed.

PMID- 6423585
TI  - Responses to chemical stimulation of upper airway muscles diaphragm in awake
      cats.
AB  - The steady-state and transient effects of hyperoxic hypercapnia on the
      electromyographic activities of the genioglossus (GG), posterior cricoarytenoid
      (PCA), and diaphragm (D) were studied in conscious unsedated cats with
      chronically implanted electrodes. Hypercapnia (inhalation of 3.4 and 7.4% CO2 in
      O2) increased the phasic electrical activity occurring during inspiration in all
      three muscles and also increased tonic activity of the GG. The GG responded to
      steady-state CO2 inhalation alinearly and with larger increases in activity than
      the PCA and D. Phasic GG activity was present in only 4 of 10 cats breathing 100%
      O2, whereas phasic PCA and D activity could be observed in all animals studied.
      When gas mixtures containing CO2 were given, the GG reached its new steady-state
      level more slowly than the D or PCA, and when CO2 was rapidly removed from the
      inspired gas mixture, the GG attained its steady state sooner than either the PCA
      or D. These results suggest that in awake unsedated animals, chemical stimuli do
      not affect either transient or steady-state responses of the GG in the same way
      as the D. These differences seem to be explained mainly by different threshold
      characteristics of hypoglossal and phrenic neurons but also in part by
      dissimilarities in their steady-state responses.

PMID- 6423586
TI  - Effects of naloxone on maximal stress testing in females.
AB  - To examine the effect of naloxone (an opiate antagonist) on exercise performance,
      six normal females (20-28 yr) walked on a treadmill (93.8 m/min) with the grade
      increasing 2.5% every 4 min until exhaustion. Each subject completed three
      trials: naloxone infusion (0.4 mg/ml saline), saline infusion (1 ml), and an
      infusion control. The order of trials was randomized and double blind. Each
      subject responded similarly at each submaximal stage for all three trials. The
      results during maximal exertion were different. Time to exhaustion was similar
      for all conditions, averaging 32.6 +/- 3.0 min with a maximal O2 uptake of 38.8
      +/- 2.8 ml X kg-1 X min-1 and a lactate of 9.1 +/- 1.1 mmol/l. Maximal
      ventilation (BTPS) was 7.9 l/min less during the naloxone treatment when compared
      with either control or placebo trials (P less than 0.05). This difference was
      attributed to a 4-breath/min reduction in respiratory frequency (P less than
      0.05). End-tidal CO2 partial pressure was approximately 4 Torr higher at maximum
      after naloxone injection. Maximal heart rates averaged 190.8 +/- 3.8 beats/min
      for both control and placebo trials. This was significantly greater (P less than
      0.05) than the 185 +/- 2.4 beats/min recorded for the naloxone trials. Ratings of
      perceived exertion were 17.0 +/- 1.3 units at maximum, similar for all three
      trials. Despite these statistically significant cardiorespiratory differences,
      naloxone produced no effect on maximum O2 uptake or exercise duration.

PMID- 6423587
TI  - Estimation of response slopes in respiratory control.
AB  - The ventilatory response to changes in alveolar (arterial) CO2 is widely used as
      an index of respiratory control behavior. Methods for estimating these response
      slopes should incorporate the possibility that there may be errors in both the
      independent (partial pressure of CO2) and dependent (ventilation) variables. In a
      recent paper Daubenspeck and Ogden (J. Appl. Physiol. Respirat. Environ. Exercise
      Physiol. 45:823-829, 1978) have suggested problems inherent in the traditional
      technique of reduced major axis and have suggested a more contemporary technique
      of directional statistics. We have previously analyzed both techniques and
      developed a method to overcome the problems of reduced major axis and problems
      inherent in the use of directional statistics. Under the assumption of a
      bivariate normal distribution, we demonstrate that our slope estimate is similar
      to the maximum likelihood estimate proposed by Mardia et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.:
      Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 54: 309-313, 1983) for this problem. In
      addition, we demonstrate a bootstrap statistical approach when the distributions
      are not normally distributed. These concepts are illustrated using O2-CO2
      interaction data.

PMID- 6423588
TI  - Hypocapnia and sustained hypoxia blunt ventilation on arrival at high altitude.
AB  - Hypoxia at high altitude stimulates ventilation, but inhibitory influences in the
      first days after arrival limit the ventilatory response. Possible inhibitory
      influences include hypocapnia and depression of ventilation during sustained
      hypoxia. Our approach was to compare hypoxic ventilatory responses at low
      altitude with ventilation at high altitude. In 12 subjects we compared responses
      both to isocapnic hypoxia and poikilocapnic (no CO2 added) hypoxia during acute
      (less than 10 min) and sustained (30 min) hypoxia in Denver (1,600 m) with
      ventilations measured on each of 5 days on Pikes Peak (4,300 m). On Pikes Peak,
      day 1 ventilation [minute ventilation = 10.0 1/min, BTPS; arterial O2 saturation
      (Sao2) = 82%] was less than predicted by either acute isocapnic or poikilocapnic
      tests. However, sustained poikilocapnic hypoxia (Sao2 approximately = 82%) in
      Denver yielded ventilation similar to that on Pikes Peak on day 1. By Pikes Peak
      days 4 and 5, endtidal PCO2, pHa, and Sao2 approached plateaus, and ventilation
      (12.4 1/min, BTPS) on these days was as predicted by the acute isocapnic test.
      Thus the combination of hypocapnia and sustained hypoxia may have blunted the
      ventilatory increase on Pikes Peak day 1 but apparently not after 4 or 5 days of
      acclimatization.

PMID- 6423589
TI  - Effect of transcendental meditation on breathing and respiratory control.
AB  - We studied the effect of transcendental meditation (TM) on breathing using 16
      experienced meditators and 16 control subjects. In controls, there was no
      significant difference in minute ventilation (VE), respiratory pattern, or
      hypercapnic response, whether breathing with eyes open-awake (CA), or with eyes
      closed-relaxing (CR). In meditators, VE decreased significantly during quiet
      breathing from 14.0 +/- 0.7 1/min with eyes open-awake (MA) to 12.4 +/- 0.6 1/min
      during meditation (MM) (P less than 0.02). The change in VE during meditation was
      due to a decrease in tidal volume (VT) resulting from a shortened inspiratory
      time (TI). Meditation was associated with a decreased response to progressive
      hypercapnia from 3.7 +/- 0.4 to 2.5 +/- 0.21 X min-1 X Torr-1 during MA and MM
      trials, respectively (P less than 0.01). During meditation VT was smaller at a
      given alveolar PCO2 than during MA studies because of a decrease in mean
      inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI). These observations suggest that an alteration in
      wakefulness, more subtle than sleep or the unconscious state, can significantly
      affect the chemical and neural regulation of breathing.

PMID- 6423590
TI  - Hypoxia alters blood coagulation during acute decompression in humans.
AB  - Acute decompression is associated with a shortening of the activated partial
      thromboplastin time (aPTT). This study was performed to examine whether this
      change in aPTT results from hypoxia or hypobaria. We exposed healthy adults on
      three separate occasions to 2 h of 1) hypoxic hypobaria (410 Torr, n = 5), 2)
      hypoxic normobaria (fractional inspired O2 tension = 0.11, n = 4), or 3) normoxic
      hypobaria (410 Torr breathing supplemental O2, n = 5). The aPTT shortened during
      hypoxic hypobaria and hypoxic normobaria (P less than 0.05) but was unchanged
      during normoxic hypobaria. The prothrombin and thrombin times, hematocrit, and
      concentrations of fibrinogen, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen-fibrin
      fragment E were unchanged. During hypoxic hypobaria biologic levels of
      prekallikrein, high-molecular-weight kininogen, and factors XII, XI, X, VII, V,
      and II were unchanged, but procoagulant VIII (VIII:C) increased 50% without an
      increase in VIII-related antigen levels (VIIIR:Ag). Fibrin monomer was not
      detected in any group. In one subject who became ill after 1.5 h of hypoxic
      normobaria aPTT shortened by 10 s; the platelet count decreased by 93,000/mm3;
      VIII:C increased fivefold, but VIIIR:Ag only increased three-fold. We conclude
      that it is the hypoxia which shortens aPTT during acute decompression to 410 Torr
      and speculate that it results from an increase in plasma VIII:C-like activity.

PMID- 6423591
TI  - Ventilatory CO2 responses during hypocapnia in anesthetized cats.
AB  - CO2 response curves were measured in six anesthetized cats under open-loop
      conditions in both hyperoxia and hypoxia. Markedly nonlinear characteristics were
      observed with CO2 response slopes below the normal operating level almost three
      times that above the normal operating level. In all animals, complete apnea was
      observed when CO2 was reduced sufficiently. The zero ventilation intercept
      averaged 23.5 +/- 5.6 (SD) Torr in hyperoxia (arterial PO2 greater than 400 Torr)
      and 21.0 +/- 5.4 Torr in hypoxia (arterial PO2 = 52.7 Torr). These results
      suggest that an increased tendency for periodic breathing in hypocapnia could be
      due to the higher CO2 response slope.

PMID- 6423592
TI  - Breathing pattern in humans: elevated CO2 or low O2 on positive airway pressure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine effects on breathing pattern of
      pressure breathing alone and in combination with chemical stimulation. We
      analyzed ventilatory responses to elevated airway pressures (positive-pressure
      breathing, PPB) in subjects breathing air, 12% O2, or elevated CO2. Each subject
      sat in a body box and breathed via mouth-piece from a bag-in-box. Responses to
      PPB on air were increased minute ventilation (VI), tidal volume (VT), frequency
      (f), mean inspiratory (VT/TI) and expiratory (VT/TE) flows, decreased expiratory
      duration (TE) and end-tidal CO2. If end-tidal CO2 were held constant, VI, VT, and
      VT/TI increased less. Responses greater than predicted from summing responses to
      either stimulus alone were observed for VT, f, VT/TI, and VT/TE during 3 and 5%
      CO2 and for VT, f, and VT/TE during isocapnic hypoxia. Responses to other
      combined stimuli were sums of responses to the individual stimuli. Thus
      ventilatory responses to combined PPB and chemical stimuli cannot be predicted
      simply from summating responses to each independently imposed stimulus,
      suggesting that sensory information arises from and is integrated at multiple
      sites.

PMID- 6423593
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in adolescent prostitutes
      in detention.
AB  - In the first quarter of 1983, four (17%) of 24 cases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      infection diagnosed in female adolescent detainees in King County, Washington
      were caused by penicillinase-producing (PPNG) strains. Twelve (3%) of 397
      reported cases of female gonorrhea in the rest of King County during this time
      were caused by PPNG strains (p less than 0.01). All the detainees with PPNG
      infection were prostitutes. Their case histories are presented here. Three had
      signs and symptoms suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease. In areas with
      endemic PPNG, all isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from female adolescent detainees
      should be tested for pencillinase production, and all prostitutes with
      genitourinary symptoms suggestive of gonorrhea should be treated with an
      antimicrobial resistant to pencillinase.

PMID- 6423594
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis in the common marmoset (Callithrix
      jacchus).
AB  - The pattern of normal spermatogenesis in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus,
      is described and a system classifying the spermatogenic cycle into nine
      successive stages is presented. In contrast to most previous studies of
      spermatogenesis, the classification system developed in this study depends more
      upon the recognition of characteristic cell associations rather than upon
      identification of particular steps of spermatid development. The structurally
      simple acrosome of the marmoset spermatozoon displays insufficiently clear
      morphological changes during spermatid elongation to allow this to be used as a
      key to spermatogenic classification. Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis
      in the marmoset are also described; in general, these correspond to similar
      descriptions of this process in other primates.

PMID- 6423595
TI  - Comparison of glycerol and a zwitter ion buffer system as cryoprotective media
      for human spermatozoa. Effect on motility, penetration of zona-free hamster
      oocytes, and acrosin/proacrosin.
AB  - This study compared the cryoprotective effect of glycerol with that of a zwitter
      ion buffer system (TESTCY). Spermatozoa that are cryopreserved in the presence of
      glycerol possess a somewhat higher progressive motility immediately after thawing
      than those preserved in the presence of TESTCY. However, after a 1-hour
      incubation in glycerol-free medium, the progressive motilities of the glycerol-
      and TESTCY-treated spermatozoa become essentially identical. After 2 hours in
      culture medium, TESTCY-treated spermatozoa possess a higher motility than
      glycerol-treated spermatozoa, indicating that TESTCY is a better preservative
      than glycerol for the long-term motility of human spermatozoa. The fertilizing
      potential of the cryopreserved spermatozoa was assessed by their ability to
      penetrate zona-free hamster oocytes in vitro. Spermatozoa that are cryopreserved
      in the presence of TESTCY produce three- to four-fold higher penetration rates
      than glycerol-treated, cryopreserved spermatozoa. Cryopreservation in the
      presence of TESTCY also results in a higher stability of the acrosin/proacrosin
      system than when the spermatozoa are preserved in glycerol, since about two- to
      three-fold higher levels of proacrosin are retained. These results indicate that
      TESTCY is a better cryopreservative for human spermatozoa than glycerol.

PMID- 6423596
TI  - Do endocrines play an etiological role in diabetic and nondiabetic sexual
      dysfunctions?
AB  - Sexually dysfunctional diabetic and nondiabetic males were compared with a group
      of normal controls using different endocrinological, psychophysiological, and
      psychological parameters. One hundred male subjects participated in this study:
      47 diabetics with sexual dysfunction (DD), 31 nondiabetics with sexual
      dysfunction (NDD), and 22 normal controls (C). They were evaluated by an
      internist (physical examination and medical history), a psychologist
      (psychological and sexual functioning tests), a psychiatrist (psychiatric history
      and mental status examination), a urologist (genitourinary physical examination),
      and an endocrine biochemist (evaluation of endocrine factors). Additionally,
      subjects were evaluated for nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) during three nights
      in the sleep laboratory to obtain a differential diagnosis of impotence, that is,
      psychogenic vs. organic. Both sexually dysfunctional groups showed significant
      differences on several measures in the psychological and psychophysiological
      evaluations. There were also significant differences between these two groups and
      the control group. Plasma levels of total testosterone and serum levels of
      prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) showed
      no significant differences among the three groups, but there were some
      significant correlations between the endocrine and psychological measures. No
      significant correlations were found between the endocrine and psychophysiological
      measures.

PMID- 6423597
TI  - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 224. Bafilomycins, a new group of macrolide
      antibiotics. Production, isolation, chemical structure and biological activity.
AB  - The bafilomycins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2, a new type of macrolide antibiotics
      with a 16-membered lactone ring, were isolated from the fermentation broth of
      three Streptomyces griseus strains (TU 1922, TU 2437, TU 2599) by ethyl acetate
      extraction and column chromatography on silica gel. The bafilomycins exhibit
      activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Physico-chemical data,
      chemical structures and biological activities are reported.

PMID- 6423598
TI  - Action of antifungal peptidolipids from Bacillus subtilis on the cell membrane of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Iturin A and bacillomycin L, antibiotics of the iturin group inhibit the growth
      of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lethal doses were respectively 10 and 60
      micrograms/ml. Both antibiotics had an effect on the incorporation of radioactive
      precursors into macromolecules which decreased with increasing concentrations of
      antibiotics. However, no specificity was observed on the various macromolecules,
      proteins, ribonucleic acids and polysaccharides. The site of action on yeast
      cells was demonstrated to be the cytoplasmic membrane: both antibiotics of iturin
      group lysed spheroplasts of S. cerevisiae. Moreover, a rapid leakage of potassium
      ions occurred in the presence of the antibiotics; this leakage was directly
      associated to the killing effect. These results are consistent with a disruption
      of the structural integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane correlated to the loss of
      viability of the yeast cells.

PMID- 6423599
TI  - Effect of various dietary arginine: lysine ratios on performance, carcass
      composition and plasma amino acid concentrations of growing-finishing swine.
AB  - Crossbred growing-finishing pigs (112 barrows, 48 gilts) were used to determine
      the effect of reducing excess dietary arginine, through feedstuff variation, on
      performance, carcass composition and plasma amino acid concentrations. Diets
      contained five, four, three or two times the NRC requirement for arginine. Lysine
      in all diets was formulated to be equal to NRC requirements, and all diets
      contained at least 100% of the NRC recommendations for all other essential amino
      acids. Initial weight, final weight and days on test for the grower phase were
      26.7 kg, 44.2 kg and 28 d, respectively. Weight gain and gain/feed were not
      different among treatments but feed intake showed a quadratic response during the
      grower phase, being highest at four times the NRC requirement for arginine.
      Initial weight, final weight and days on test for the finisher phase were 44.2
      kg, 96.9 kg and 67 d, respectively. Weight gain during the finisher phase and for
      the total experiment exhibited a quadratic response, being highest for the pigs
      fed the intermediate arginine levels. Gain/feed for the finisher phase followed
      the same trend as weight gain. Feed intakes for the finisher phase and total
      experiment were not different among treatments. Carcass data were collected on
      all barrows. There were no differences in hot carcass weight or adjusted average
      backfat among treatments. Loin eye area and percentage of lean decreased linearly
      as arginine level decreased in the diet. Plasma urea, arginine and orthinine
      concentrations decreased linearly with decreasing dietary arginine. Plasma lysine
      exhibited both a quadratic and a cubic response. The data indicate that reducing
      excess dietary arginine had little effect on performance or carcass composition
      and no consistent effect on plasma lysine of growing-finishing swine.

PMID- 6423600
TI  - Effects of excess arginine with and without supplemental lysine on performance,
      plasma amino acid concentrations and nitrogen balance of young swine.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of excess arginine on
      performance, plasma amino acid levels and N balance of young pigs (initial
      weights 6.9, 7.0 and 10.3 kg, respectively). In a 28-d growth trial, various
      amounts of arginine (0 to 1.6%) were added to a conventional starter diet.
      Addition of arginine decreased (P less than .01) average daily feed intake (ADFI)
      and gain (ADG), but had no effect on feed efficiency (G/F). Plasma urea, arginine
      and ornithine concentrations were elevated (P less than .001) by the increasing
      dietary arginine levels at d 14 and 28. Plasma histidine levels were reduced (P
      less than .01) at d 28. Plasma lysine levels exhibited a cubic response (P less
      than .05) at d 14, but were not affected by excess arginine at d 28. In a second
      growth trial ADFI and ADG were decreased (P less than .05), but G/F was not
      affected by the addition of 1.6% dietary arginine. Lysine supplementation (0, .15
      or .30%) increased performance in the absence of excess arginine, but the main
      effect of lysine was not significant for any performance criteria. As in the
      first experiment, plasma concentrations of urea, arginine and ornithine were
      increased (P less than .001) by the addition of arginine. Plasma histidine was
      not affected by either arginine or lysine. Plasma lysine levels were reduced (P
      less than .001) by dietary arginine and increased (P less than .001) by lysine.
      In a N balance experiment, addition of 1.6% dietary arginine increased N
      digestibility, but decreased apparent biological value. Nitrogen balance was not
      affected by added arginine. Lysine addition did not improve any of these three
      indices of N utilization. The inability of lysine supplementation to alleviate
      any of the adverse effects of excess arginine in young swine indicates that the
      reduced performance is caused by a generalized amino acid imbalance, and not by a
      specific interference with lysine utilization in the manner of a classical
      arginine-lysine antagonism.

PMID- 6423601
TI  - Oxidative and conjugative metabolism of xenobiotics by livers of cattle, sheep,
      swine and rats.
AB  - Homogenate preparations from fresh livers of cattle, sheep, swine and rats were
      assayed for microsomal cytochrome P-450 content, for mixed-function oxidase
      activities and for a wide array of conjugative activities using numerous
      xenobiotic substrates. Results show that hepatic enzymatic capabilities toward
      xenobiotics do not parallel phylogenetic classifications, thus strengthening the
      view that most of the comparative data available at present is more descriptive
      than predictive of relationships among species. Livestock species differed widely
      from rats in having lower activities of benzo(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase,
      glutathione S-transferase and acetyltransferase toward isoniazid and
      sulfamethazine and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase toward bilirubin.
      Acetyltransferase activities toward beta-naphthylamine and 2-aminofluorene were
      not detected in livers of livestock species studied. Cattle livers were
      remarkably high in activities of styrene oxide hydrolase, ethoxyresorufin O
      deethylase, 2-naphthol sulfotransferase and p-aminobenzoic acid
      acetyltransferase; but notably low in activity of glutathione-S-transferase
      toward sulfobromophthalein and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene. Swine livers had low
      activity of glutathione-S-transferase toward four of six substrates and low
      acetyltransferase activity toward four of five substrates. Sheep livers generally
      were higher than cattle livers in sulfo- and UDP-glucuronsyltransferase
      activities and lower in acetyl- and glutathionyl-S-transferase. Findings
      emphasize the risk of error in extra-polations among species and in
      extrapolations among substrates.

PMID- 6423602
TI  - Testosterone effects on gonadotropin response to GNRH: cows and pony mares.
AB  - Effects of testosterone propionate (TP) treatment on plasma concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) before and after
      an injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) were studied using
      ovariectomized cows and pony mares. An initial injection of GnRH (1 microgram/kg
      of body weight) was followed by either TP treatment or control injections for 10
      (cows) or 11 (ponies) d. A second GnRH injection was administered 1 d after the
      last TP or oil injection. Concentrations of LH and FSH were determined in samples
      of plasma taken before and after each GnRH injection. Control injections did not
      alter the response to GnRH (area under curve) nor the pre-GnRH concentrations of
      LH and FSH in ovariectomized cows or ponies. Testosterone treatment increased (P
      less than .01) the FSH release in response to GnRH in ovariectomized mares by 4.9
      fold; there was no effect in cows, even though average daily testosterone
      concentrations were 59% higher than in pony mares. Testosterone treatment reduced
      the LH release in response to GnRH by 26% in ovariectomized mares (P less than
      .05) and by 17% in ovariectomized cows (P approximately equal to .051). These
      results are consistent with a model that involves ovarian androgens in the
      regulation of FSH secretion in the estrous cycle of the mare, but do not support
      such a model in the cow.

PMID- 6423603
TI  - Growth hormone response of steers injected with synthetic human pancreatic growth
      hormone-releasing factors.
AB  - Four Holstein steers (312 kg) in a 4 X 4 Latin-square design were injected iv
      with 0, 100, 300 and 1,000 micrograms of a 44 amino acid growth hormone-releasing
      factor, hpGRF-44 NH2 in Exp. 1. Blood was collected at 20-min intervals from -1
      to +6 h. All doses of hpGRF-44 NH2 stimulated an increase in serum growth hormone
      (GH) concentrations, whereas prolactin and luteinizing hormone concentrations
      were unaffected. Steers injected with the 1,000-micrograms dose appeared to have
      a biphasic release of GH that was not observed at the other doses. Amplitude of
      the GH peak after the 1,000-micrograms dose tended to be higher (P less than .15)
      than the peak caused by either the 300-micrograms or 100-micrograms dose, and the
      latter two were similar. Area under the GH response curve increased (P less than
      .05) with increasing doses of hpGRF-44 NH2. Endogenous episodic secretion of GH
      resumed within 6 h after injection of 100 micrograms hpGRF-44 NH2, but not after
      either the 300-micrograms or 1,000-micrograms dose. In Exp. 2, six Holstein
      steers (352 kg) in a 6 X 6 Latin-square design received an iv injection of 0, 10,
      25, 50 and 100 micrograms hpGRF-44 NH2 and 100 micrograms hpGRF-40 OH. Blood was
      collected at 20-min intervals from -1 to +4 h, with additional samples at 5, 10
      and 15 min. Four of six steers responded to 10 micrograms hpGRF-44 NH2, but all
      of the steers responded to all other doses of hpGRF-44 NH2 and to hpGRF-40
      OH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423604
TI  - The effect of suspended particulate material on cyanobacteria--cyanophage
      interactions in liquid culture.
AB  - The effect of the lytic phage LPP-DUN1 on the cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum
      has been investigated in batch and in continuous cultures in the presence and
      absence of silt. In batch culture Plectonema without added phage grew normally;
      the presence of phage caused rapid lysis of the cyanobacterium and the addition
      of silt prevented lysis by the phage. In continuous culture the numbers of
      cyanobacterial cells and phage particles oscillated in a reciprocal manner, but
      the addition of silt damped down the oscillations in Plectonema biomass without
      decreasing the numbers of phage particles isolated from the cultures. The
      presence of silt thus appears to protect the cyanobacterium from lysis by phage,
      although the total numbers of phage particles are relatively unaffected by the
      silt, at least in the short-term.

PMID- 6423605
TI  - Hydrogen-using bacteria in a methanogenic acetate enrichment culture.
AB  - In a study of the anaerobic utilization of acetate, an enrichment culture of
      sewage sludge organisms was initiated with calcium acetate as the sole carbon and
      energy source. A mixed bacterial population became established from which 14
      anaerobic species were isolated. Two of the isolates were methanogenic bacteria
      but only one of these, Methanosarcina barkeri, utilised acetate as an energy
      source in axenic culture. The other methanogenic isolate, a Methanobacterium sp.,
      utilised H2/CO2 but not acetate. A third methanogen, which was morphologically
      identical to Methanothrix soehngenii, was detected in the enrichment but was not
      obtained in monoculture. 2-Bromoethanesulphonate, a specific inhibitor of
      methanogenesis, completely inhibited the enrichment at a concentration of 10
      mumol/l. Addition of H2 formate or methanol to the enrichment did not affect the
      rate of methanogenesis. An H2-utilizing Desulfovibrio sp. was also isolated from
      the enrichment.

PMID- 6423606
TI  - Glycerol utilization by Brochothrix thermosphacta.
AB  - Growth of the meat spoilage organism, Brochothrix thermosphacta, was supported by
      either glucose or glycerol with acetoin production. Similar yields of bacteria
      were obtained at growth-limiting concentrations of either substrate. The rate of
      uptake of each substrate was similar but glycerol supported higher rates of
      respiration than glucose. These findings are discussed in relation to metabolism
      of glycerol and the use of glycerol for meat storage.

PMID- 6423608
TI  - Microbial metabolism of 1,2-propanediol studied by the Rumen Simulation Technique
      (Rusitec).
AB  - A series of experiments with the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) showed that
      1,2-propanediol was metabolized efficiently by rumen micro-organisms and that the
      main end-products of fermentation were propionic and 2-methylbutyric acids.
      Propionaldehyde and n-propanol were also formed as intermediate compounds. The
      effect of the diol on digestion of the basal diet appeared to be small with
      concentrate, or when the roughage was supplemented with additional nitrogen
      (urea). The decrease in the output of acetic and butyric acids was consistent
      with utilization of C2 units for synthesis of 2-methylbutyric acid. The
      fermentation of 1,2-propanediol resulted in little or no increase in the output
      of additional microbial matter. The distribution of radioactivity from [1-14C]1,2
      propanediol confirmed that propionaldehyde and n-propanol were the primary
      products of metabolism of the diol and that the end-products were propionic and 2
      methylbutyric acids, with very little labelling of microbial matter. Between 2%
      and 3% of radioactivity was found in gases and surprisingly the specific
      radioactivity of methane was higher than that of carbon dioxide, particularly
      during the initial stages of incubation. Possible pathways in the degradation of
      1,2-propanediol by rumen micro-organisms are suggested and discussed in relation
      to similar reactions established in other systems.

PMID- 6423607
TI  - Cryosensitivity of Escherichia coli and the involvement of cyclopropane fatty
      acids.
AB  - Strains of Escherichia coli proficient and deficient in cylopropane fatty acid
      synthesis were compared for fatty acid content, cryosensitivity, presence of
      freeze-thaw-induced wall and membrane damage, resistance to detergent-stimulated
      lysis and tolerance to salt and detergents during growth. The mutant populations
      synthesized much less cyclopropane fatty acids and were more resistant than the
      wild type to freezing and thawing in saline only, exhibiting less viability loss
      and less wall and membrane damage. While the resistance of the mutants to NaCl
      was unaltered, their detergent resistance was decreased under both growth and non
      growth conditions. Although these physiological changes were associated with a
      lower cyclopropane fatty acid content in the mutant strains, it is proposed that
      the responses were due to the altered membrane fluidity of the mutants due to
      changes in their unsaturated fatty acid content.

PMID- 6423609
TI  - Interaction of the Bacillus subtilis spore protoplast, cortex, ion-exchange and
      coatless forms with glutaraldehyde.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis spores with altered ionic content were tested for their
      susceptibility to lysis with lysozyme or sodium nitrite following treatment with
      glutaraldehyde. The Ca-form was more sensitive to glutaraldehyde (pH 4.0 and pH
      7.9) than the untreated or H-form. Removal of spore coat dramatically increased
      sensitivity of the spore to glutaraldehyde. Pretreatment of spores, the coats of
      which had been extensively removed, with glutaraldehyde (pH 7.9) reduced the rate
      of lysis by lysozyme and by sodium nitrite, whereas glutaraldehyde at pH 4.0 had
      little effect. Glutaraldehyde pretreatment (pH 4.0 and pH 7.9) reduced the amount
      of hexosamine released by lysozyme but not by nitrite from isolated cortical
      fragments. Spore protoplasts were more susceptible to 0.01% (w/v) glutaraldehyde
      at pH 4.0 and isolated spore coats adsorbed alkaline glutaraldehyde more rapidly.
      These results are discussed in terms of a possible mode of action of
      glutaraldehyde on the bacterial spore.

PMID- 6423610
TI  - Frequency of beta-lactamases that are markedly active against carbenicillin in
      the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in a medical school hospital.
AB  - During one year, 71 carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were
      isolated. The detection of the beta-lactamase activity in these strains was
      performed by the iodometric method. The beta-lactamases were found in 70% of the
      carbenicillin-resistant strains and were characterized by isoelectric focusing
      and by determination of substrate profiles. Seventy-two per cent of the beta
      lactamases tested focused in the same way as the PSE-1 type from strain
      PU21(RPL11). The determination of the substrate profiles by the acidimetric
      method showed that these enzymes had a high activity towards carbenicillin and
      that they can vary in their hydrolysis of cephalosporins. Such PSE-1 type beta
      lactamases were found in gentamicin-tobramycin-resistant strains whereas other
      types of enzymes (PSE-4 enzymes and enzymes with pI 7.7) were found in strains
      sensitive to these antibiotics.

PMID- 6423611
TI  - Serum bactericidal activity of cefoperazone and ceftazidime at increasing dosages
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) greater than or equal to 1:8 correlates with
      the clinical effectiveness of antibiotics. Ten healthy young volunteers received
      iv on separate days cefoperazone 1, 2, or 3 g and ceftazidime 1, 2, or 3 g. The
      serum levels 1 and 6 h after the administration of cefoperazone 1, 2 and 3 g were
      respectively 52 and 7 mg/l, 122 and 13 mg/l, 190 and 22 mg/l. The serum levels of
      ceftazidime 1, 2 and 3 g, after 1 h and 6 h were 28 and 8, 56 and 9, 78 and 13
      mg/l. The SBA was determined against seven strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with
      MBC of 1.6-12.5 mg/l of cefoperazone and 0.8-6.2 mg/l of ceftazidime. Increased
      dosage of cefoperazone and ceftazidime led to a significant increase in the SBA's
      greater than or equal to 1:8 at 1 h (P less than 0.01). In sera obtained 1 h and
      6 h after the injection of the antibiotics, 97% and 51% of the strains were
      inhibited by ceftazidime 2 g, while 1 g was inhibitory on 84% (1 h) and 8% (6 h)
      of the strains. Ceftazidime 1 g produced SBA's greater than or equal to 1:8
      significantly more often than did cefoperazone 3 g (P less than 0.01) at 1 h. The
      rate of killing with all ceftazidime regimens was similar and slightly higher
      than that of any cefoperazone regimen. Ceftazidime seems more effective than
      cefoperazone against Ps. aeruginosa; however, increased MBC values were observed
      during killing curves studies with both drugs.

PMID- 6423612
TI  - Subjective response to lysine in the therapy of herpes simplex.
AB  - To test the effect of lysine supplementation on herpes infection, 1543 subjects
      were surveyed by questionnaire after a six-month trial period. The study included
      subjects with cold sores, canker sores, and genital herpes. Of these, 54% had
      been diagnosed and treated by a physician. The results showed that the average
      dosage used was 936 mg of lysine daily. Eighty-four per cent of those surveyed
      said that lysine supplementation prevented recurrence or decreased the frequency
      of herpes infection. Whereas 79% described their symptoms as severe or
      intolerable without lysine, only 8% used these terms when taking lysine. Without
      lysine, 90% indicated that healing took six to 15 days, but with lysine 83%
      stated that lesions healed in five days or less. Overall, 88% considered
      supplemental lysine an effective form of treatment for herpes infection.

PMID- 6423613
TI  - Comparative activity of imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) on enterococci and
      its interactions with aminoglycosides.
AB  - Activity of imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin, ampicillin and vancomycin
      against 27 Streptococcus faecalis and 5 Str. faecium was determined. Also
      evaluated were the interactions of imipenem, ampicillin and vancomycin with
      streptomycin or amikacin or sissomicin. Imipenem showed the most inhibitory
      activity against Str. faecalis with MIC50 and MIC90 values 0.5 and 2 mg/l
      respectively, Str. faecium strains were less susceptible to imipenem with
      MIC50/MIC90 values of 2/16 mg/l. Imipenem showed good bactericidal activity
      against both groups of strains with MBC50/MBC90 values of 1/4 and 4/16 mg/l
      respectively. The most favourable interactions (synergy and addition) of imipenem
      were with streptomycin (72.2%) and sissomicin (53.2%). Combinations containing
      amikacin were the least favourable. Similar results were obtained with these
      combinations against Str. faecium.

PMID- 6423614
TI  - Ceftazidime and renal function.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as measured by 51Chrome-EDTA clearance,
      decreased with a mean of 10 ml/min during therapy with ceftazidime 2 g bid in 16
      patients with initial GFR of 30 to 110 ml/min. A significant increase in the
      excretion of urinary alanine aminopeptidase was also found. In another three
      patients with initial GFR of 17-22 ml/min increases in serum creatinine during
      therapy were noted. These observations indicate that ceftazidime should be used
      with caution in patients with impaired renal function and not be combined with
      nephrotoxic drugs until the safety of such combinations has been studied.

PMID- 6423615
TI  - Clinical-immunologic correlates: a differential diagnostic update. Allergic
      bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 6423616
TI  - In-the-first-person. Ill and well, with or without doctors.

PMID- 6423617
TI  - Childhood psychosis and neurofibromatosis--more than a coincidence?
AB  - Three children with both childhood psychosis and neurofibromatosis are reported
      from a total population screening of psychotic disorder in childhood that had
      produced 51 cases born in the years 1962-1976 in the Goteborg region, Sweden. The
      findings suggest that the simultaneous occurrence of neurofibromatosis and
      childhood psychosis might be more than a coincidence. Underlying monoaminergic
      dysfunction is postulated as one possible reason for the finding.

PMID- 6423618
TI  - Clinical and biochemical status in diabetic ketoacidosis treated with low dose
      insulin infusion.

PMID- 6423619
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of the inbred mouse antibody to bacterial alpha-amylase.
AB  - In the IgG antibody response to bacterial alpha-amylase (B alpha A) assayed by
      the enzymatic procedure, C3H/He (C3) mice were high and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were
      low responders. High responsiveness was inherited as a dominant characteristic in
      (B6XC3)F1 hybrid mice. In these strains, the primary antibody response was
      analyzed for heterogeneity by isoelectric focusing (IEF). The IEF spectra were
      visualized with the use of the capacity of antibody to inhibit the amylase
      activity of antigen. Increases in the antigen dose and in the time interval
      between immunization and bleeding resulted in increases in antibody titers
      accompanied by strong staining of focused antibodies and by the expansion of the
      pH range where antibodies were focused. High responsiveness in C3 and F1 hybrid
      mice was also associated with the increase in intensity of stain and the rapid
      expansion of pH range of focused antibodies. Another strain difference was noted
      in the isoelectric point (pI) values of antibodies taken early in the primary
      response. B6 antisera contained those fractions of antibodies focusing over a
      more alkaline area than C3 antibodies. A similar strain difference in the pI
      values of antibodies occurred in the response to an irrelevant antigen, Taka
      amylase A (TAA), suggesting that the hypervariable regions of antibody molecules
      play no major part in the strain difference observed. Antisera from F1 hybrid
      mice displayed bands covering the combined pH ranges of B6 and C3 spectrotypes.

PMID- 6423620
TI  - Chemical nature of protein complex of photoreaction unit including reaction
      center in chromatophores of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, as
      detected by successive dissociation method.
AB  - Reaction center of chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum consists of three
      kinds of protein, H-, M-, and L-subunit, and is bound with many other kinds of
      protein to form a larger protein complex (PRU; photoreaction unit), which
      contains all the bacteriochlorophyll. In the present study, purified PRU was
      dissociated in a stepwise manner in the presence of various mixtures of lithium
      dodecyl sulfate, sodium cholate and/or sodium deoxycholate, and separated into
      five, smaller protein complexes (PL1, PL2, PL3, PL4, and PL4') by high-speed
      molecular-sieve chromatography. The protein complexes were analyzed for molecular
      mass (Mm), protein composition, and molecular weights of the constituent proteins
      by the chromatography described above and by lithium or sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results suggest that PRU consisted of 1
      molecule each of 40K, 39K, 31K (H-subunit), 25K (M-subunit), and 22K (L-subunit),
      about 12 molecules each of 12K (light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein) and
      11K, and about 6 molecules each of 10K and 9K (the protein nomenclature refers to
      the apparent molecular weights); the measured and calculated Mm values were 650K
      and 547K, respectively. The compositions of the other protein complexes were as
      follows. PL1 = PRU-10K-9K (measured & calculated Mm, 520K & 409K); PL2 = PL1-39K
      (340K & 267K); PL3 = PL2-40K (160K & 147K); PL4 = PL3-31K-25K (90K & 82K); PL4' =
      31K + 25K + 22K (inactivated reaction center) (90K & 78K). The molar ratios of
      12K and 11K to 25K were lower in the dissociated protein complexes than in PRU,
      and they differed from one complex to another. The locations of the constituent
      proteins in PRU are discussed.

PMID- 6423621
TI  - Fibrinopeptides A and B of baboons (Papio anubis, Papio hamadryas, and
      Theropithecus gelada): their amino acid sequences and evolutionary rates and a
      molecular phylogeny for the baboons.
AB  - Amino acid sequences of fibrinopeptides A and B from savanna baboons, Papio
      anubis and Papio hamadryas, and highland baboon, Theropithecus gelada, were
      established. The sequences of the fibrinopeptides A from the three baboons were
      identical: (sequence: see text) The fibrinopeptides B were composed of 9 residues
      and demonstrated the sequence: (sequence see text) where X3 = Arg in P. anubis,
      His in P. hamadryas, and Gly in Th. gelada. Position-3 of the B peptides was the
      only replacement site observed among the 25 amino acid residues in both
      fibrinopeptides from the baboons. Based on these sequences, a molecular phylogeny
      for the three species of baboons was deduced. The evolutionary rates of the
      peptides B of the baboons and macaques were also estimated. It was observed that
      the fibrinopeptides changed at an uneven rate during the evolution of old-world
      monkeys, i.e., baboons and macaques.

PMID- 6423622
TI  - Application of selected ion monitoring to determination of platelet-activating
      factor.
AB  - The selected ion monitoring (SIM) technique was applied to determination of
      platelet-activating factor (PAF) or acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine
      (AGEPC). Two types of PAF, 1-hexadecyl- and 1-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3
      phosphorylcholine (C16 = 0 AGEPC and C18 = 0 AGEPC), were found in human
      neutrophils on the challenge with ionophore A23187. The contents of C16 = 0 AGEPC
      in 1 X 10(7) neutrophil cells of four volunteers, respectively, were 47, 18, 59,
      and 73 ng and those of C18 = 0 AGEPC were 22, 4, 19, and 31 ng.

PMID- 6423623
TI  - Purification and characterization of a lectin from the beetle, Allomyrina
      dichotoma.
AB  - A lectin was purified from the hemolymph of Allomyrina dichotoma larvae by
      affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose 4B. The purified lectin showed
      two protein bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These two lectin bands
      (allo A-I and -II) were separated by DEAE-Cellulofine column chromatography. By
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, the molecular weights of allo A-I and -II were
      estimated to be 65,000 and 66,500, respectively. On the other hand, by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after cross-linking of subunits with
      glutaraldehyde, they are estimated to be 38,000 and 39,000, respectively. On SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was proved that both allo A-I and -II
      lectin consisted of two subunits, respectively. The molecular weights were 17,500
      and 20,000 for allo A-I, and 19,000 and 20,000 for allo A-II. The isoelectric
      points of allo A-I and -II were estimated to be 6.4 and 5.9, respectively. On
      double immunodiffusion, allo A-I and -II gave single precipitin lines, which
      fused completely with each other, against the antibody to crude allo A. The
      hemagglutinating activity of allo A-I and -II was inhibited only by beta-linked D
      galactose such as lactose and lactulose.

PMID- 6423624
TI  - Human monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulins. I. Molecular properties of IgG3 kappa (Jir
      protein) and the cryo-coprecipitability of its molecular fragments by papain.
AB  - The temperature-dependent precipitability of a monoclonal IgG3 kappa
      cryoimmunoglobulin (Jir) without known antibody activity is shown to be affected
      by various physico-chemical factors, such as protein concentration, pH value and
      NaCl concentration. The molecular properties characterizing this protein
      (carbohydrate and amino acid compositions, peptide constitutions and
      susceptibility to enzymatic proteolysis) are described. The cryoprecipitability
      of the protein was completely lost upon papain hydrolysis, and none of the
      isolated fragments, Fab-Fc, Fc, and Fab, showed any precipitating activity. In
      the cryo-coprecipitation assay using the 125I-labeled fragments, it was
      demonstrated that the association activity with intact Jir protein was still
      retained on the Fab-Fc and Fc fragments, but not on the Fab fragment. The
      evidence suggests that a specific interaction may be involved in the primary
      intermolecular association required to form the cryoprecipitate at temperatures
      below the critical point, and that one of the pairing sites resides on the Fc
      portion of the protein molecule.

PMID- 6423625
TI  - Inhibition of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol.
AB  - 2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol (100 to 200 mg/kg) decreased blood glucose by 17 to 58% in
      fasting mice, rats, streptozotocin-diabetic mice, and genetically diabetic db/db
      mice. Serum lactate in rats was elevated 56% by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, but this
      could be prevented by dichloroacetate (200 mg/kg) or thiamin (200 mg/kg). In
      hepatocytes from fasted rats, 1 mM 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol inhibited
      gluconeogenesis from a mixture of alanine, lactate, and pyruvate. It also
      inhibited glucose production and stimulated lactate formation from glycerol or
      dihydroxyacetone. Glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed rats was markedly
      inhibited by 1 mM 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol both in the presence or absence of 1
      microM glucagon. 2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol can be phosphorylated by fructokinase or
      hexokinase to the 1-phosphate and then by phosphofructokinase to the 1,6
      bisphosphate. Rat liver glycogen phosphorylase was inhibited by 2,5-anhydro-D
      mannitol 1-phosphate (apparent Ki = 0.66 +/- 0.09 mM) but was little affected by
      2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 1,6-bisphosphate. Rat liver phosphoglucomutase was
      inhibited by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 1-phosphate (apparent Ki = 2.8 +/- 0.2 mM),
      whereas 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 1,6-bisphosphate served as an alternative
      activator (apparent K alpha = 7.0 +/- 0.5 microM). Rabbit liver pyruvate kinase
      was activated by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 1,6-bisphosphate (apparent K alpha = 9.5
      +/- 0.9 microM), whereas rabbit liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase was inhibited
      by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 1,6-bisphosphate (apparent Ki = 3.6 +/- 0.3 microM).
      The phosphate esters of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol would, therefore, be expected to
      inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and stimulate glycolysis in liver.

PMID- 6423626
TI  - Phosphoproteins of chicken bone matrix. Proof of synthesis in bone tissue.
AB  - Twelve-day-old embryonic chick mandibles were cultured in vitro for 6 days.
      Measurements of the weights of the explants, their mineral and protein
      components, and the EDTA-extractable proteins established that bone tissue
      synthesizes O-phosphoserine- and O-phosphothreonine-containing phosphoproteins
      which are similar to those present in embryonic and postnatal chicken bone
      matrix. The synthesis of the phosphoproteins was further confirmed by the
      demonstration that radioactively labeled O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine
      were identified in bone and in the EDTA-extractable phosphoproteins after pulse
      labeling chick mandibles in vitro with radioactively labeled serine and
      threonine, respectively.

PMID- 6423627
TI  - Phosphorylation of the C-proteins of HeLa cell hnRNP particles. Involvement of a
      casein kinase II-type enzyme.
AB  - The phosphorylation of the proteins of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
      particles has been investigated in HeLa cells. 32Pi labeling of intact cells
      indicated that, of the six major particle proteins, the most heavily
      phosphorylated was the C1-protein (Mr = 42,000). This protein, together with C2
      (Mr = 44,000), is also phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP in particle extracts and
      in particles that are purified by sedimentation or exclusion chromatography. The
      C-proteins, together with their particle-associated kinase, were partially
      purified from isolated particles following dissociation with micrococcal
      nuclease. Proteins C1 and C2 co-purify on phosphocellulose chromatography, and
      their peak overlaps with that of a casein kinase activity. Evidence suggesting
      that this kinase activity is responsible for C-protein phosphorylation includes
      1) the phosphorylation of C-proteins in the fractions where they overlap with the
      kinase, 2) the phosphorylation of added C-protein by fractions of the casein
      kinase which lack detectable C-protein, and 3) the similarities in catalytic
      properties of the casein kinase- and C-protein-phosphorylating activities. The
      purified kinase activity is cyclic nucleotide and Ca2+ independent. It is
      stimulated by polyamines, inhibited by heparin, and utilizes either GTP or ATP
      with high affinity. Serine residues are the major phosphate acceptors. These
      properties indicate that the kinase is casein kinase II or a closely related
      enzyme. Moreover, purified casein kinase II from rabbit liver effectively
      phosphorylates C-protein. These results suggest that C-proteins may be natural
      substrates for nuclear casein kinase II.

PMID- 6423628
TI  - Molecular properties of radioiodinated apolipoprotein A-I.
AB  - Radioiodinated apolipoprotein A-I was separated into two pools by gel
      chromatography on Sephadex G-150 superfine resin or by high performance liquid
      chromatography using a TSK-2000 column. The first pool, pool 1, was
      indistinguishable from unlabeled apo-A-I as judged by sedimentation equilibrium,
      circular dichroic measurements, and radial immunodiffusion. This pool self
      associated according to a monomer-dimer-tetramer-octamer scheme and underwent the
      expected conformation changes with dissociation as reported previously for
      unlabeled apo-A-I. The radioiodinated material in pool 2 had less secondary
      structure as compared to the unlabeled material and did not self-associate.
      Protein in this pool was immunochemically less reactive than unlabeled apo-A-I.
      Kinetic studies, in vivo, demonstrated that these two pools of radioiodinated apo
      A-I are also distinguished metabolically. Discussion centers around possible
      mechanisms of formation of the incompetent protein in pool 2 and factors that
      should be taken into consideration when using unfractionated radioiodinated apo-A
      I for experimental studies.

PMID- 6423629
TI  - The shape of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in solution as inferred
      from small angle neutron scattering.
AB  - Small angle neutron scattering of both activated and deactivated hexadecameric
      ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach revealed that its
      structure in solution very closely resembles that determined for the deactivated
      crystalline enzyme from tobacco (Baker, T.S., Eisenberg, D., and Eiserling, F.
      (1977) Science 196, 293-295). Scattering from both forms of the enzyme in H2O
      most closely fits that expected from a hollow sphere with an outer radius of 56.4
      A and inner radius of 14.3 A. In D2O the enzyme's scattering profiles more
      closely resembled those of a hollow cylinder with an axial ratio of approximately
      1.06 and outer and inner radii of 46.7 and 12.9 A, respectively. Superpositioning
      of model structures showed that both models determined by neutron scattering
      correspond quite well to that inferred from x-ray diffraction and electron
      microscopy of the tobacco enzyme. Sedimentation velocity studies confirmed that
      no major conformational change occurs upon activation of the spinch carboxylase,
      both forms exhibiting a sedimentation coefficient, 8(20,w), of 17.8 S. Neutron
      scattering by activated and deactivated carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, a
      dimeric enzyme, best matched that predicted for a solid prolate ellipsoid or
      cylinder. The estimated dimensions of the model structures correspond strikingly
      well to those predicted for adjacent pairs of large subunits in the hexadecameric
      tobacco enzyme.

PMID- 6423630
TI  - Two yeast mutations in glucosylation steps of the asparagine glycosylation
      pathway.
AB  - Two complementing mutations in lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis have
      been isolated following a [3H]mannose suicide enrichment. Rather than making the
      wild type precursor oligosaccharide, Glc3man9Glc-NA2-P-P-dolichol, the mutants,
      alg5-1 and alg6-1, accumulate Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol as their largest lipid
      linked oligosaccharide in vivo and in vitro. When UDP-[3H]Glc was added to
      microsomal membranes of each mutant, neither could elongate Man9GlcNAc2-P-P
      dolichol and only alg6-1 could synthesize dolichol-phosphoglucose. When
      dolicholphospho[3H]glucose was added to microsomes from alg5-1, alg6-1, or the
      parental strain, only alg5-1 and the parental strain made glucosylated lipid
      linked oligosaccharides. These results indicate that alg5-1 cells are unable to
      synthesize dolichol phosphoglucose while alg6-1 cells are unable to transfer
      glucose from dolichol phosphoglucose to the unglucosylated lipid-linked
      oligosaccharide. We also present evidence that both mutants transfer Man9GlcNAc2
      to protein.

PMID- 6423631
TI  - Rabbit liver glycogen synthase. Purification and comparison of the properties of
      glucose-6-P-dependent and glucose-6-P-independent forms of the enzyme.
AB  - Methods are described for the purification, close to homogeneity, of rabbit liver
      glycogen synthase in forms dependent on (D-form) or independent (I-form) of
      glucose-6-P for activity. In previous studies (Camici, M., DePaoli-Roach, A. A.,
      and Roach, P. J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 9898-9901), the D-form enzyme was
      shown to have apparent subunit molecular weight by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (Mapp) of 90,000 and to
      be susceptible to partial proteolytic degradation. We report here that the
      purified I-form consisted of a single polypeptide of Mapp = 85,000, even when
      protease inhibitors were present during the purification. However, appropriate
      phosphorylation of the I-form enzyme led to a decrease in the electrophoretic
      mobility of the subunit to generate a species of Mapp = 90,000, identical to that
      of the D-form. Exposure of the I-form enzyme (subunit Mapp = 85,000) to trypsin
      caused degradation in the sequence 85,000----82,000----79,000----72,000;
      concomitantly, the enzyme underwent partial inactivation whether assayed in the
      presence or absence of glucose-6-P. As purified, the I-form enzyme had a Vmax,
      determined from variation of UDP-glucose concentration, some 35 times greater
      than that of the D-form. The UDP-glucose concentration necessary for half-maximal
      activity was not greatly different, in the range 1-2 mM, for the two enzyme
      forms.

PMID- 6423632
TI  - Control of phosphorylase in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells. Changes in
      synthesis and degradation resulting from differentiation and muscle activity.
AB  - The control of phosphorylase levels was investigated in rat skeletal muscle cells
      developing in vitro. The amount of enzyme was directly measured after
      immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies. The rate of phosphorylase
      synthesis was estimated by measuring the initial rate of formation of
      [3H]phosphorylase after incubating cells with [3H]tyrosine. Rates of degradation
      were determined either from pulse-chase experiments using [3H]tyrosine or by the
      loss of enzymatic activity following inhibition of protein synthesis. A large
      increase in phosphorylase occurred at the time myoblasts were fusing into
      myotubes. The accumulation of enzyme was preceded by a marked increase in the
      synthetic rate and was associated with a severalfold increase in the half-life of
      the enzyme. Following fusion, the myotubes began to spontaneously contract, and
      shortly thereafter, decreases in both the half-life and amount of phosphorylase
      were observed. The paralytic agents tetrodotoxin and lidocaine were without
      effect on phosphorylase levels before the onset of spontaneous activity; however,
      both agents increased the amount of enzyme when added to contracting myotubes.
      Tetrodotoxin had little effect on synthesis of [3H]phosphorylase but doubled the
      half-life of the enzyme. These and other results indicate that the increase in
      phosphorylase in differentiating muscle cells results from the coordinate control
      of both its synthesis and degradation, and that muscle activity decreases
      phosphorylase by increasing its degradation.

PMID- 6423633
TI  - On the formation of alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. Evidence for a direct
      hydroxylation of nonhydroxy fatty acid-containing sphingolipids.
AB  - When Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain NT-1, was warmed from a growth temperature of
      15 degrees C to 39 degrees C, there was a rapid conversion of its sphingolipids
      from the nonhydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (NCAEP)
      predominant at low temperature to the alpha-hydroxy fatty acid-containing analog
      (HCAEP). The fatty acid composition of the freshly formed HCAEP strongly
      resembled that of the original NCAEP pool. An extensive utilization of NCAEP long
      chain bases for HCAEP formation was shown by prelabeling the NCAEP bases with
      [14C]serine. The specific radioactivities of both fatty acids and long chain
      bases of the two sphingolipid classes of cells prelabeled with [3H]palmitic acid
      at 15 degrees C and then warmed to 39 degrees C were compatible with a direct
      hydroxylation of the intact ceramide aminoethylphosphonate or free ceramide
      formed from it. Exogenously added alpha-hydroxypalmitic acid was not incorporated
      into the sphingolipids intact, but there was an active alpha-oxidation of alpha
      hydroxy fatty acids, yielding nonhydroxy fatty acids one carbon atom shorter in
      length. In vitro experiments failed to demonstrate a direct hydroxylation of
      NCAEP, and nonhydroxy fatty acid-containing free ceramides were hydroxylated only
      sparingly. This inefficient hydroxylation is attributed to the rapid enzymatic
      hydrolysis of these substrates in vitro and to a limited availability of the
      added ceramides to the hydroxylating enzymes. The weight of the evidence from
      this study strongly favors the alpha-hydroxylation of fatty acids only when they
      are bound as elements of sphingolipids.

PMID- 6423634
TI  - Inactivation of tissue plasminogen activator in plasma. Demonstration of a
      complex with a new rapid inhibitor.
AB  - A new specific and sensitive method for determination of tissue plasminogen
      activator (t-PA) in plasma samples has been used to demonstrate the presence of a
      fast inhibitor to t-PA in plasma. By adding [35S]Met internally labeled t-PA (Mr
      approximately 70,000) to plasma, we were able to demonstrate the rapid formation
      of a stable complex with an apparent molecular weight of about 115,000 as
      estimated by gel filtration. The complex was partially purified by
      immunoadsorbtion chromatography on insolubilized antibodies against porcine t-PA,
      and a molecular weight of about 120,000 was found by dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the apparent molecular weight of the
      complex (120,000) and the molecular weight of t-PA (70,000), a molecular weight
      of about 50,000 would be expected for the inhibitor. However, gel filtration of
      inhibitor-rich plasma resulted in the appearance of a symmetrical peak of t-PA
      inhibitory activity with an apparent molecular weight of about 205,000. The
      reason for this discrepancy is not known, but several different models are
      possible.

PMID- 6423635
TI  - Wide distribution of pH-dependent service of transport system ASC for both
      anionic and zwitterionic amino acids.
AB  - Criteria have been set up for recognizing the trait of interconvertibility of
      transport System ASC, whereby it operates in a deprotonated form to mediate the
      transport of zwitterionic amino acids and in a protonated form to transport
      anionic amino acids. This trait has been detected by each criterion applied, in
      all the tested occurrences of System ASC, as follows: the Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cell in suspension; a cultured variant thereof in monolayer; the Chinese hamster
      ovary cell CHO-K1 in monolayer; the pigeon red blood cell in suspension; and the
      human red blood cell in suspension. We conclude that this trait is a general
      feature of System ASC which may we may use provisionally in defining the system.

PMID- 6423636
TI  - Structural studies on lipophorin, an insect lipoprotein.
AB  - An insect high density lipoprotein, lipophorin, can be rapidly isolated from
      larval Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) hemolymph by single vertical spin density
      gradient ultracentrifugation. The two apolipoproteins (Mr = 245,000 and 78,000;
      designated apoLp-I and apoLp-II, respectively) were readily dissociated and
      separated in 6 M guanidine HCl by gel permeation chromatography. ApoLp-I and
      apoLp-II showed no immunological cross-reactivity on electrophoretic blots of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. ApoLp-I and apoLp-II from lipophorin
      of adult M. sexta behaved identically to their larval counterparts. Amino acid
      compositions of larval apoLp-I and apoLp-II were similar except with respect to
      tryptophan and cysteine; apoLp-I contained 32 residues/mol of tryptophan (1.5
      mol%) and 22 residues/mol (1.1 mol%) of cysteine; apoLp-II contained 2
      residues/mol of tryptophan (0.2 mol%) and 14 residues/mol of cysteine (2.1 mol%).
      In double immunodiffusion tests, antiserum against apoLp-I or whole lipophorin
      strongly precipitated lipophorin, while antiserum against apoLp-II caused only
      minor precipitation. This indicates relatively greater exposure of apoLp-I to the
      aqueous environment.

PMID- 6423637
TI  - Hydroxylations in biosynthesis of bile acids. Isolation of a cytochrome P-450
      from rabbit liver mitochondria catalyzing 26-hydroxylation of C27-steroids.
AB  - A cytochrome P-450 catalyzing 26-hydroxylation of C27-steroids was purified from
      liver mitochondria of untreated rabbits. The enzyme fraction contained 10 nmol of
      cytochrome P-450/mg of protein and showed only one protein band with a minimum Mr
      = 53,000 upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      purified mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 showed apparent molecular weight similar
      to microsomal cytochromes P-450LM4 but differed in spectral and catalytic
      properties from these microsomal isozymes. The purified cytochrome P-450
      catalyzed 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol, 5-cholestene-3 beta,7 alpha-diol, 7
      alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol, and 5
      beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol up to 1000 times more efficiently
      than the mitochondria. The cytochrome P-450 required both ferredoxin and
      ferredoxin reductase for catalytic activity. Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase could not replace ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase. The cytochrome P
      450 was inactive in 7 alpha-, 12 alpha- and 25-hydroxylations of C27-steroids.
      The results suggest that mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation of various C27-steroids
      is catalyzed by the same species of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6423638
TI  - Human placental (fetal) fibronectin: increased glycosylation and higher protease
      resistance than plasma fibronectin. Presence of polylactosamine glycopeptides and
      properties of a 44-kilodalton chymotryptic collagen-binding domain: difference
      from human plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Human placental fibronectin was isolated from fresh term placenta by urea
      extraction and purified by gelatin affinity chromatography. A 44-kDa chymotryptic
      fragment, also purified by gelatin affinity chromatography, gave a broad, diffuse
      band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the analogous 43-kDa fragment
      from human plasma fibronectin migrated as a defined, narrow band. Upon extended
      treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii, the 44-kDa
      chymotryptic gelatin-binding fragment from placental fibronectin changed its
      behavior on gel electrophoresis and migrated as a narrower, more defined band.
      The carbohydrates on human placental fibronectin contained a large percentage of
      polylactosamine structures, part of which occurred on the gelatin-binding
      fragment, comprising almost twice as much carbohydrate as plasma fibronectin. NH2
      terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the chymotryptic gelatin-binding
      fragments from both fibronectins showed the first 21 residues to be identical.
      Tryptic and chymotryptic peptide maps of the gelatin-binding fragment from
      placental fibronectin, however, showed differences including several protease
      resistant domains not found in the analogous fragment from plasma fibronectin.
      Intact placental fibronectin contains 20,000 Da of carbohydrate, whereas plasma
      fibronectin contains 11,000 Da. Placental fibronectin is more protease-resistant
      than plasma fibronectin, possibly due to the additional carbohydrate. Polyclonal
      antibodies against either fibronectin completely cross-react with amniotic fluid
      fibronectin, placental fibronectin, and plasma fibronectin upon Ouchterlony
      immunodiffusion. Human fibronectins of putatively the same polypeptide structure
      are, therefore, glycosylated in a dramatically different fashion, depending on
      the tissue of expression. If the patterns of glycosylation comprise the only
      difference in the glycoprotein, this may confer the characteristic protease
      resistance found for each of the fibronectins.

PMID- 6423639
TI  - Effects of acyclovir and its metabolites on purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
AB  - Acyclovir (9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine), the clinically useful antiherpetic
      agent, is an "acyclic" analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine. Purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase partially purified from human erythrocytes did not catalyze
      detectable phosphorolysis of this drug or any of its metabolites (less than 0.07%
      of the rate with Guo). However, these compounds were competitive inhibitors of
      this enzyme with Ino as the variable substrate. Acyclovir per se was a relatively
      weak inhibitor. Its Ki value (91 microM) was much greater than that for its 8
      hydroxy metabolite (Ki = 4.7 microM) but less than that for its carboxylic acid
      metabolite (9-carboxymethoxy-methylguanine) (K'i = 960 microM). The
      phosphorylated metabolites of acyclovir were more potent inhibitors than were
      their guanine nucleotide counterparts. At a phosphate concentration of 50 mM, the
      apparent Ki values for the mono- (120 microM), di- (0.51 microM), and tri (43
      microM)-phosphate esters of acyclovir were 1/2, 1/1200, and 1/26 those for dGMP,
      dGDP, and dGTP, respectively. The concentration of phosphate did not markedly
      affect the Ki value of acyclovir but dramatically affected those of its
      phosphorylated metabolites and their nucleotide counterparts. Decreasing
      phosphate to a physiological concentration (1 mM) decreased the apparent Ki
      values for the mono-, di-, and triphosphate esters of acyclovir to 6.6, 0.0087,
      and 0.31 microM, respectively. Inhibition of the enzyme by acyclovir diphosphate
      was also influenced by pH. This metabolite of acyclovir is the most potent
      inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase reported to date. It has some
      features of a "multisubstrate" analogue inhibitor.

PMID- 6423640
TI  - Purine nucleotide reutilization by human lymphoblast lines with aberrations of
      the inosinate cycle.
AB  - A purine nucleotide (inosinate) cycle is demonstrated with human lymphoblasts.
      The lymphoblast requires approximately 50 nmol of purine/10(6) cell increment.
      When the inosinate cycle is interrupted by the genetic, severe deficiency of
      either or both purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) or hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), purine accumulates in the culture medium as
      inosine, guanosine, deoxyinosine, and deoxyguanosine (PNP deficiency or PNP, HPRT
      deficiency) or hypoxanthine and guanine (HPRT deficiency). This accumulation
      represents an additional 25 to 32 nmol of purine which must be synthesized per
      10(6) cell increment. PNP-deficient lymphoblasts have PPRibP contents
      characteristic of normal lymphoblasts, about 20 to 25 pmol/10(6) cells. HPRT
      deficient lymphoblasts have four times higher PPRibP contents. The lymphoblast
      deficient for both PNP and HPRT has only a marginal elevation of PPRibP content,
      1.5 times normal values. The elevated PPRibP content of HPRT-deficient cells
      reflects the efficient, unilateral reutilization of the ribose moiety of purine
      ribonucleotides and is not a cause of purine overproduction. Purine
      overproduction characterizing PNP-deficient lymphoblasts appears similar to
      overproduction from deficiency of HPRT, i.e. a break in the inosinate cycle
      rather than overactive de novo purine synthesis.

PMID- 6423641
TI  - Three molecular weight forms of natural human interferon-gamma revealed by
      immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Immune interferon (IFN-gamma), endogenously labeled with [35S]methionine, was
      produced in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and phytohemagglutinin. 35S-IFN-gamma,
      immunoprecipitated from the crude culture fluid with a monoclonal antibody, was
      resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into three
      monomeric forms with molecular weights of 25,000, 20,000, and 15,500, which we
      designate IFN-gamma I, II, and III, respectively. IFN-gamma I was the most, and
      IFN-gamma III the least, abundant in both immunoprecipitated 35S-IFN-gamma and
      chromatographically purified IFN-gamma preparations. Changes in the molecular
      size of the monomeric forms after glycosidase treatment suggested that IFN-gamma
      I contains more carbohydrate than IFN-gamma II, and that IFN-gamma III may not be
      glycosylated at all. Hence, the differences in the carbohydrate contents are
      likely to be the major cause of the molecular size heterogeneity of IFN-gamma I,
      II, and III.

PMID- 6423642
TI  - The localization of protein L19 on the surface of 50 S subunits of Escherichia
      coli aided by the use of mutants lacking protein L19.
AB  - Three independently isolated mutants of Escherichia coli which apparently lacked
      protein L19 on their ribosomes, as judged by two-dimensional gels, were analyzed
      by a range of immunological tests to determine if the protein was indeed lacking.
      In two of the three, all the tests indicated that protein L19 was absent from
      both ribosome and supernatant. In the third, a drastically altered form of
      protein L19 was present on the ribosome. Electron micrographs of ribosomes
      obtained from the mutants were indistinguishable from those of wild type strains.
      The location of ribosomal protein L19 on the surface of the large subunit was
      determined. It was situated at the base of the 50 S particle facing the small
      subunit, on the side where the rod like appendage originates.

PMID- 6423643
TI  - The mammalian hypusine-containing protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4D.
      Structural homology of this protein from several species.
AB  - A single cellular protein of Mr approximately 18,000 and pI near 5.1, recently
      identified as eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-4D, contains the
      unusual amino acid hypusine [N epsilon-(4-amino--2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] formed
      post-translationally from lysine with a structural contribution from the
      polyamine spermidine. When the 3H-labeled hypusine-containing protein isolated
      from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were grown with radioactive polyamine
      is digested with trypsin and the digest is subjected to two-dimensional
      separation, a single radioactive peptide is seen. A labeled peptide that occupies
      this same position is found in a digest of the [3H]hypusine protein from human
      lymphocytes and the single hypusine-containing tryptic peptide from purified
      rabbit reticulocyte eIF-4D also moves to this identical position. Stepwise Edman
      degradation of the tryptic digest of CHO cell hypusine-protein releases the
      radioactivity as a single peak in accordance with our earlier evidence for a
      single hypusine residue per molecule of eIF-4D. The similar patterns of
      radioactive peptides obtained from tryptic digests of radioiodinated eIF-4D from
      CHO cells, human lymphocytes, and rabbit reticulocytes suggest a highly conserved
      primary structure for this protein.

PMID- 6423644
TI  - Localization of proteoglycan core protein in subcellular fractions isolated from
      rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes.
AB  - Chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were pulse-labeled with [3H]serine
      for 30 min and chased, in the presence of cycloheximide, for times up to 300 min.
      The movement of newly synthesized core protein precursor of the proteoglycan
      through elements of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex was examined.
      Rough and smooth microsome fractions were obtained by centrifuging
      postmitochondrial supernatants from cell homogenates on discontinuous sucrose
      gradients. The core protein precursor was identified in subcellular fractions by
      (a) immunoprecipitation with an antiserum directed against the hyaluronate
      binding region of the core protein and the link protein and (b) its size on
      polyacrylamide gels. Labeled core protein precursor decreased from the microsomes
      with a t1/2 of 60 +/- 8 min, nearly the same as for the appearance of label in
      completed proteoglycan monomer (t1/2 = 58 +/- 13 min), consistent with a
      precursor-product relationship. After correcting for incomplete recovery of the
      core protein precursor in the microsomal fractions and for cross-contamination of
      the smooth microsomes by elements of rough endoplasmic reticulum, the
      redistribution of core protein precursor and completed proteoglycan in the
      intracellular compartments and of labeled extracellular proteoglycan were fit to
      a three-compartment model. A t1/2 of 98 +/- 7 min for the loss of core protein
      precursor from the rough microsomes and a t1/2 = 10 +/- 4 min for the completed
      proteoglycan in the intracellular compartment (Golgi and secretory vesicles) was
      obtained. The data indicate that at least 70% of the intracellular transit time
      for the core protein precursor is spent in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The
      addition of glycosaminoglycan chains followed by secretion from the cell occurs
      relatively rapidly, occupying less than 30% of the total intracellular dwell
      time.

PMID- 6423645
TI  - Instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis after bimalleolar and
      trimalleolar ankle fractures.
AB  - We studied the late results after bimalleolar and trimalleolar ankle fractures in
      thirty-four patients after an average follow-up of four years. Twenty-one
      patients had had open reduction and internal fixation of the medial malleolus
      only and thirteen, internal fixation of both the medial malleolus and the lateral
      malleolus. Twenty-four lesions were supination-external rotation fractures; six,
      pronation-external rotation; and four, supination-adduction fractures. All
      initial and post-reduction roentgenograms were evaluated, and the patients were
      re-evaluated two to seven years after fracture. Re-evaluation included physical
      examination as well as standardized and stress roentgenograms of both ankles.
      Criteria were developed for measuring the width of the syndesmosis and assessing
      the late roentgenographic, subjective, and objective results, as well as any late
      instability of the syndesmosis and osteoarthritis. Significant correlations were
      found between: (1) the adequacy of the reduction of the syndesmosis and late
      arthritis, (2) the adequacy of the initial reduction of the syndesmosis and the
      late stability of the syndesmosis, (3) the late stability of the syndesmosis and
      the final outcome, and (4) the adequacy of the reduction of the lateral malleolus
      and that of the syndesmosis. Based on the findings in this small series and on
      the evidence published in the literature, we concluded that adequate reduction of
      the syndesmosis is necessary to achieve a stable ankle following supination
      external rotation and pronation-external rotation fractures of the ankle, and
      that the reduction of the syndesmosis will be unsatisfactory if the lateral
      malleolus is not well reduced.

PMID- 6423646
TI  - Painful heel syndrome--an unusual cause. Case report.

PMID- 6423647
TI  - The importance of appropriate concentrations of inspired carbon dioxide on
      induced hypothermia under halothane-ether azeotrope anesthesia.
AB  - Thirty adult mongrel dogs were divided into 3 equal groups and studied to define
      the optimal PCO2 level with azeotrope (halothane-diethyl ether) anesthesia under
      surface hypothermia (Groups I, II and III = F1CO2 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively).
      All animals were cooled to 18-20 degrees C and were subjected to 30 (Group I) or
      60 minutes (Groups II and III) of total circulatory arrest. Group I animals had
      frequent arrhythmic episodes during cooling and postoperative motor disturbances
      occurred in 80% despite only 30 minutes of circulatory arrest. By contrast Group
      II animals were less arrhythmic during cooling; were easily resuscitated
      following 60 minutes of arrest and only 30% developed moderate reversible motor
      disturbances postoperatively. Hemodynamics were similar between Groups II and III
      during cooling but resuscitation using an F1CO2 of 10% (Group III) was extremely
      difficult and required massive cardiotonic support throughout rewarming.
      Furthermore, two dogs in Group III died within the first two postoperative days.
      However, none of the 8 survivors displayed neurological abnormalities. On
      balance, a ventilatory regimen utilizing 5% CO2 during surface-induced
      hypothermia under azeotrope anesthesia resulted in optimum intraoperative
      management and a satisfactory postoperative course and although some CNS
      disturbance (high-stepping gait) was noted, all animals recovered completely.

PMID- 6423648
TI  - Distribution of F-actin during cleavage of the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm.
AB  - The process of cleavage during the syncytial blastoderm stage of the Drosophila
      embryo was studied in fixed whole-mounts using a triple-staining technique.
      Plasmalemma was stained with Concanavalin A conjugated to tetramethylrhodamine
      isothiocyanate, the underlying cortical F-actin with a fluorescein derivative of
      phalloidin, and nuclei with 4',-6 diamidine-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride. The
      surface caps, which overlie the superficial nuclei at this stage, were found to
      be rich in F-actin as compared with the rest of the cortex. After the caps
      formed, they extended over the surface and flattened. Whilst this was occurring
      the F-actin network within the caps became more diffuse. By the end of the
      expansion process F-actin had become concentrated at both poles of the caps. The
      caps then split in two. The cleavage was not accompanied by the formation of any
      apparent contractile ring of microfilaments across the cap, rather the break
      region was depleted in F-actin. The cortical actin associated with each half of
      the old cap then became reorganized around a nucleus to form a new daughter cap,
      and the cycle began again.

PMID- 6423649
TI  - Recycling of platelet phosphorylation and cytoskeletal assembly.
AB  - The shape change and aggregation of washed platelets induced by 10 microM
      arachidonic acid (AA) can be reversed by 20 ng/ml prostacyclin (PGI2), but these
      platelets can be reactivated by treatment with 30 microM epinephrine and
      subsequent addition of 10 microM AA mixture. These events may be modulated by
      cAMP since 2 mM dibutyryl cAMP also reversed activation without reactivation by
      epinephrine and AA. We examined protein phosphorylation and formation of
      cytoskeletal cores resistant to 1% Triton X-100 extraction of these platelets and
      correlated these processes with aggregation, fibrinogen binding, and changes in
      ultrastructure. Unactivated platelet cores contained less than 15% of the total
      actin and no detectable myosin or actin-binding protein. AA-induced cytoskeletal
      cores, which contained 60-80% of the total actin, myosin, and actin-binding
      protein as the major components, were disassembled back to unactivated levels by
      PGI2 and then fully reassembled by epinephrine and AA. Phosphorylation of myosin
      light chain and a 40,000-dalton protein triggered by AA (two- to fivefold) was
      reversed to basal levels by PGI2 but was completely restored to peak levels upon
      addition of the epinephrine and AA mixture. The reversibility of actin-binding
      protein phosphorylation could not be established clearly because both PGI2 and
      dibutyryl cAMP caused its phosphorylation independent of activation. With this
      possible exception, cytoskeletal assembly with associated protein
      phosphorylation, aggregation, fibrinogen binding, and changes in ultrastructure
      triggered by activation are readily and concertedly recyclable.

PMID- 6423650
TI  - Galactosyltransferase activity and cell growth: uridine diphosphate
      (UDP)galactose inhibition of murine leukemic L1210 cells.
AB  - UDPgalactose inhibits the growth of mouse leukemic L1210 cells. In calf serum
      supplemented Dulbecco's medium (CS-DMEM), 1.2 mM UDPgalactose (UDPgal) inhibited
      cell growth by 50% (IC50), and 5 mM UDPgalactose inhibited cell growth by 92%.
      Other nucleotide sugars as well as galactose, glucose, and galactose-1-phosphate
      had little or no effect on cell growth. Uridine nucleotides, which inhibit
      galactosyltransferase activity, protected L1210 cells from the growth inhibitory
      effect of UDPgalactose when both were added simultaneously to culture media.
      Unlike mouse 3T12 cells, in which no inhibition of cell growth was observed with
      heat-inactivated calf serum (HICS)-DMEM, 5 mM UDPgalactose inhibited L1210 cell
      growth in HICS-DMEM to the same degree as that observed in CS-DMEM. In contrast
      to 3T12 cells, L1210 cells secrete significant galactosyltransferase activity
      into the media. Complete inhibition of 3T12 cell growth by UDPgal was observed if
      HICS-DMEM medium was first conditioned by L1210 cells for 48 hours. No difference
      in cell growth or [3H]thymidine uptake was detected after 6 hours of exposure to
      UDPgalactose, but both were significantly decreased at 24 and 48 hours. Flow
      cytometric analysis of UDPgalactose effects on L1210 cells revealed no
      differences in the distribution of cells in G1, S, or G2-M of the cell cycle
      after 6 hours of incubation, but after 16 hours of UDPgalactose treatment, L1210
      cells were arrested in early S phase. These cells were completely viable and
      morphologically similar to control L1210 cells. Normal growth was resumed when
      UDPgal was removed. The data suggest that UDPgalactose inhibition of cell growth
      requires extracellular galactosyltransferase activity and that the effect is
      mediated via the cell membrane.

PMID- 6423651
TI  - [Should preventive antibiotics be prescribed in surgery of the appendix, biliary
      tract, stomach and duodenum?].
AB  - Most infections occurring after biliary or gastrointestinal surgery are caused by
      dissemination of organisms present in the lumen of the biliary or the
      gastrointestinal tract at the time of operation. Randomized prospective studies
      have been performed with antibiotics active against organisms usually found in
      wound infections. Results have shown that cephalosporin, lincosamide and
      imidazole in appendicectomy, aminoside, cephalosporin, lincosamide and sulfamide
      in biliary surgery, and cephalosporin in gastro-duodenal surgery decreased wound
      infections. These results and prediction of wound sepsis following operations
      suggest a discriminate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in appendicectomy, gastro
      duodenal and biliary tract surgery.

PMID- 6423652
TI  - AIDS immunopathologic network a tangled web.

PMID- 6423653
TI  - Slow bigeminal rhythm in a 91-year-old woman.

PMID- 6423654
TI  - Direct determination of D-[U-14C] glucaric acid in urine by ion-exchange high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6423655
TI  - Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with synchronized
      accumulating radioisotope detector to analysis of glyceryl trinitrate and its
      metabolites in rat plasma.
AB  - A new, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for
      the quantitative analysis of [14C]glyceryl trinitrate and its four metabolites in
      plasma is described. The drugs are extracted from 0.05 ml of plasma with methanol
      and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a synchronized
      accumulating radioisotope detector. The limit of detection is 0.2 ng per
      injection. The within-day coefficient of variation is 5.9% at a concentration of
      27.0 ng per ml of plasma. The method was applied to single-dose pharmacokinetics
      of glyceryl trinitrate in rat.

PMID- 6423656
TI  - Determination of sodium cromoglycate in human urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on an anion-exchange column.

PMID- 6423657
TI  - Quantitation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in plasma using high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6423658
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing activity of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal
      subjects and in subjects with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.
AB  - The gonadotropin-releasing activity of synthetic alpha MSH, previously found in
      normal men, was evaluated in women with different hormonal environments and in
      patients with acyclic gonadotropin release due to hypothalamic-pituitary
      dysfunction. alpha MSH (2.5 mg, iv) administered as either a single or two
      repeated pulses (at 2-h intervals) elicited unequivocal pituitary release of LH
      in normal women during the luteal phase and midcycle surge and in patients with
      functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea, and polycystic
      ovary syndrome. Concomitant release of LH and FSH occurred only in polycystic
      ovarian syndrome patients and normal men. alpha MSH had no discernible effect on
      gonadotropin release in women during the early and late follicular phases of the
      cycle, in postmenopausal women, and in patients with isolated gonadotropin
      deficiency, even after pulsatile GnRH priming. The present observations confirm
      and extend our earlier finding that alpha MSH possesses gonadotropin-releasing
      activity in men and indicate that alpha MSH has similar properties in women with
      progesterone- and androgen-dominated environments or with specific types of
      hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction marked by attenuated GnRH-LH release.

PMID- 6423659
TI  - A case for hypothalamic acromegaly: a clinicopathological study of six patients
      with hypothalamic gangliocytomas producing growth hormone-releasing factor.
AB  - We report the histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical features of
      six hypothalamic gangliocytomas associated with pituitary GH cell adenomas and/or
      acromegaly. In four patients, the gangliocytoma was intrasellar, and no
      hypothalamic investigation was performed; in two patients, autopsy confirmed
      hypothalamic involvement. Four patients had a gangliocytoma associated with
      pituitary GH cell adenoma and acromegaly; electron microscopy demonstrated an
      intimate association between neurons and adenomatous GH cells. One patient had a
      gangliocytoma and a GH cell adenoma but no clinical evidence of acromegaly. In
      the sixth patient, clinical and biochemical acromegaly was manifest, but no
      pituitary adenoma was demonstrated. Using immunocytochemistry, human pancreatic
      tumor GRF (hptGRF-40) was localized in the majority of neurons of all six
      gangliocytomas. The pituitary adenomas and nontumorous adenohypophyses were
      negative for hptGRF-40. In addition, somatostatin, glucagon, and GnRH were
      demonstrated within some neurons of several tumors; insulin and gastrin stains
      were equivocal. These findings confirm previous proposals of production of a GRF
      by such gangliocytomas. While the significance of other peptides found in some of
      the tumors is uncertain, the presence of hptGRF-40 in neurons of these
      gangliocytomas supports the theory that GRF excess is the mechanism responsible
      for over-production of GH and provides evidence for a syndrome of hypothalamic
      acromegaly.

PMID- 6423660
TI  - Human pancreatic tumor growth hormone-releasing factor: dose-response
      relationships in normal man.
AB  - Human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF-40; 1 microgram/kg, iv) selectively stimulates GH
      release in normal men (9). We now report the effects of graded doses of hpGRF-40
      on GH release in 12 normal men. Mean peak increments in serum GH after vehicle
      and the various doses of hpGRF-40 were 1.13, 11.40, 14.60, 17.01, 14.45, and
      15.60 ng/ml after vehicle and 0.1, 0.33, 1.0, 3.3, and 10 micrograms/kg hpGRF-40
      (iv bolus), respectively. Peak values were observed 30-60 min after hpGRF-40
      treatment. There was considerable variability of responsiveness among individual
      subjects, and no dose-response relationship between the doses and maximal GH
      values was found. However, the higher doses of 3.3 and 10.0 micrograms/kg
      resulted in a more prolonged and biphasic pattern of GH release. A side effect of
      facial flushing of less than 5-min duration occurred in 4 or 6 subjects who
      received 3.3 micrograms/kg and in all 5 who received 10 micrograms/kg of hpGRF
      40. No changes in serum glucose, LH, TSH, PRL, plasma cortisol, or 8
      enteropancreatic hormones occurred after hpGRF-40 treatment. There were small
      increases in serum somatomedin C levels 24 h after the administration of various
      doses of hpGRF-40 in 11 of 13 studies. Plasma immunoreactive GRF levels measured
      5 min after injection were 0.09, 2.0, 4.9, 23.9, and 66.6 ng/ml after 0.1, 0.33,
      1.0, 3.3, and 10 micrograms/kg hpGRF-40, respectively. Serum GH responses after
      insulin-induced hypoglycemia were compared to GH responses after hpGRF-40.
      Comparable peak GH stimulation occurred with both provocative tests. Mean +/- SEM
      peak GH was 20.2 +/- 1.0 ng/ml after insulin and 20.9 +/- 3.2 after hpGRF-40
      treatment. hpGRF-40 selectively stimulates GH release in normal men over a dose
      range of 0.1-10 micrograms/kg and is an effective probe to investigate the
      dynamics of GH release.

PMID- 6423661
TI  - Gonadotropin and steroid secretory patterns during chronic treatment with a
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist analog in men.
AB  - LHRH agonist analogs induce hypogonadism in man but the mechanism is uncertain.
      To evaluate this, we treated 13 normal men with 50 micrograms/day D-Trp6,Pro9-NEt
      LHRH (LHRHA) for periods up to 8 weeks and measured (1) patterns of endogenous
      gonadotropin and testosterone secretion, (2) gonadal response to exogenous human
      LH infusions, and (3) gonadotropin and testosterone responses to hourly bolus
      doses of LHRH. Seven men were evaluated with frequent sampling for 12-h periods
      every 4 week during treatment with LHRHA. Before treatment, all had three to four
      spikes of LH in 12 h. On the first day of treatment, the response to LHRHA was
      tested in four of the men, and there were significant increases in LH, FSH, and
      testosterone. After 4 weeks, all men had dramatic decreases in mean testosterone
      levels and blunted or absent gonadotropin responses to acute injection of LHRHA.
      Mean gonadotropin levels at 4 and 8 weeks were variable; values lower than
      pretreatment basal levels were found in three men, while unchanged or higher
      values were found in the remaining four. The pulsatile pattern of LH secretion,
      characteristic among these men before treatment, was lost during LHRHA therapy.
      Forty-eight-hour constant infusion of human LH in four other analog-treated men
      resulted in increases in serum testosterone comparable to those in untreated men.
      Pulsatile administration of native sequence LHRH to two other men during chronic
      treatment with LHRHA failed to elicit demonstrable responses in serum
      gonadotropin or testosterone levels. LHRHA produced a qualitative change in the
      pattern of LH release from the pituitary. Mean basal LH levels varied during
      treatment, but the normal pulsatile pattern was diminished. The gonadotropin
      response to pulsatile administration of LHRH was lost during chronic treatment
      with LHRHA, but the Leydig cell remained responsive to exogenous human LH. Thus,
      the locus of action of the analog appears to be at the level of the pituitary in
      man.

PMID- 6423662
TI  - Absence of a direct inhibitory effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      (GnRH) agonist D-Ser (TBU)6, des-Gly-NH2(10) GnRH ethylamide (Buserelin) on
      testicular steroidogenesis in men.
AB  - The antigonadal effects of GnRH agonists (GnRH-A) are mediated both through
      pituitary and testicular inhibitory mechanisms in the rat. To investigate these
      effects in men, we studied patients having no gonadotropin secretion and compared
      their testicular response to hCG in the absence or in the presence of GnRH-A.
      Thirteen patients with acquired pituitary hypogonadotropism had plasma
      testosterone levels below 1.5 ng/ml and no gonadotropin responses to acute GnRH
      administration (100 micrograms iv). Testicular responsiveness was evaluated using
      a single im injection of hCG (5000 IU im). Plasma levels of testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and
      progesterone were determined before and 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after hCG
      stimulation. The same protocol was also used in the same patients on day 4 of a 6
      day course of treatment with the GnRH-A, D-Ser-(TBU)6, des-Gly NH2 GnRH
      ethylamide (Buserelin) (3 sc injections of 250 micrograms/day). During the first
      4 days of GnRH-A administration, plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were
      measured daily in order to establish the completeness of the gonadotropin
      deficiency. Before treatment with hCG, plasma testosterone levels were 0.56 +/-
      0.15 and 0.96 +/- 0.22 ng/ml (mean +/- SE) in the absence of GnRH-A and during
      GnRH-A administration, respectively. The administration of hCG elicited a
      significant increase in plasma testosterone in both situations; integrated
      testosterone concentrations were 123.7 +/- 24.9 and 155.5 +/- 27.9 ng/ml . 72 h
      (P greater than 0.1) in the absence of GnRH-A and during GnRH-A administration,
      respectively. Likewise the ratios of 17-OHP to progesterone, androstenedione to
      17-OHP, and dihydrotestosterone to testosterone after hCG injection were similar
      in the presence or absence of GnRH-A. Since short term administration of
      buserelin did not inhibit hCG-induced testosterone secretion in patients with
      gonadotropin deficiency, we suggest that Buserelin does not grossly modify the
      function of testicular steroidogenesis enzymes. The antigonadal effects of GnRH-A
      in man appear to be mediated exclusively through the pituitary.

PMID- 6423663
TI  - Specific glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity is deficient in cultured
      fibroblasts from glutaric aciduria patients.
AB  - Patients with glutaric aciduria (GA) have greatly increased urinary excretion of
      glutarate. Their leukocyte and fibroblast sonicates have deficient ability to
      produce 14CO2 from [1,5-14C]glutaryl-CoA, an enzymatic process with two
      sequential reaction steps, dehydrogenation and decarboxylation. In normal
      individuals, it is not known whether these two reaction steps require one or two
      enzymes, and currently it is assumed that a single enzyme, glutaryl-CoA
      dehydrogenase (GDH), carries out these two reactions. Since GA patients also
      excrete increased amounts of 3-hydroxyglutarate and glutaconate in urine, it was
      thought that glutaryl-CoA in these patients may be dehydrogenated but not
      decarboxylated. We developed a new assay specific for glutaryl-CoA
      dehydrogenation which measures enzyme-catalyzed tritium release from [2,3,4
      3H]glutaryl-CoA, and we studied the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity in
      cultured normal human fibroblasts and those from patients with GA. The Michaelis
      constant (Km) of normal human fibroblast GDH for [2,3,4-3H]glutaryl-CoA was 5.9
      microM, and activity was severely inhibited by (methylenecyclopropyl)acetyl-CoA
      at low concentrations. Sonicates from all five GA fibroblast lines examined
      showed 2-9% of control glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity, corresponding to
      the deficient 14CO2 releasing activity. These results indicate either that the
      conversion of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA is accomplished by two enzymes, and
      patients with GA are deficient in the activity of the first component, or
      alternatively, that this process is carried out by a single enzyme which is
      deficient in these patients. It is unlikely that urinary glutaconate and 3
      hydroxyglutarate in GA patients are produced via GDH.

PMID- 6423664
TI  - Internephron heterogeneity for carbonic anhydrase-independent bicarbonate
      reabsorption in the rat.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to localize the sites of carbonic anhydrase
      independent bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat kidney and to examine some of its
      mechanisms. Young Munich-Wistar rats were studied using standard cortical and
      papillary free-flow micropuncture techniques. Total CO2 (tCO2) was determined
      using microcalorimetry. In control rats both superficial and juxtamedullary
      proximal nephrons reabsorbed approximately 95% of the filtered load of
      bicarbonate. The administration of acetazolamide (20 mg/kg body weight [bw]/h)
      decreased proximal reabsorption to 65.6% of the filtered load in superficial
      nephrons (32% was reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule while 31.7% was
      reabsorbed by the loop segment), and to 38.4% in juxtamedullary nephrons.
      Absolute reabsorption of bicarbonate was also significantly higher in superficial
      than in juxtamedullary nephrons after administration of acetazolamide (727 +/- 82
      vs. 346 +/- 126 pmol/min; P less than 0.05). The infusion of amiloride (2.5 mg/kg
      bw/h) to acetazolamide-treated rats increased the fractional excretion of
      bicarbonate as compared with animals treated with acetazolamide alone (34.9 +/-
      1.9 vs. 42.9 +/- 2.1%; P less than 0.01), and induced net addition of bicarbonate
      between the superficial early distal tubule and the final urine (34.8 +/- 3.0 vs.
      42.9 +/- 2.1%; P less than 0.05). Amiloride at this dose did not affect proximal
      water or bicarbonate transport; our studies localize its site of action to the
      terminal nephron. Vasa recta (VR) plasma and loop of Henle (LH) tubular fluid
      tCO2 were determined in control and acetazolamide-treated rats in order to
      identify possible driving forces for carbonic anhydrase-independent bicarbonate
      reabsorption in the rat papilla. Control animals showed a tCO2 gradient favoring
      secretion (LH tCO2, 7.4 +/- 1.7 mM vs. VR tCO2, 19.1 +/- 2.3 mM; P less than
      0.005). Acetazolamide administration reversed this chemical concentration
      gradient, inducing a driving force favoring reabsorption of bicarbonate (LH tCO2,
      27.0 +/- 1.4 mM vs. VR tCO2, 20.4 +/- 1.0 mM; P less than 0.005). Our study shows
      that in addition to the superficial proximal convoluted tubule, the loop segment
      and the collecting duct show acetazolamide-insensitive bicarbonate reabsorption.
      No internephron heterogeneity for bicarbonate transport was found in controls.
      The infusion of acetazolamide, however, induced significant internephron
      heterogeneity for bicarbonate reabsorption, with superficial nephrons reabsorbing
      a higher fractional and absolute load of bicarbonate than juxtamedullary
      nephrons. We think that the net addition of bicarbonate induced by amiloride is
      secondary to inhibition of voltage-dependent, carbonic anhydrase-independent
      bicarbonate reabsorption at the level of the collecting duct, which uncovers a
      greater delivery of carbonate from deeper nephrons to the collecting duct.
      Finally, our results suggest that carbonic anhydrase-independent bicarbonate
      reabsorption is partly passive, driven by favorable chemical gradients in the
      papillary tubular structures, and partly voltage-dependent, in the collecting
      duct.

PMID- 6423666
TI  - Correlation between muscle glycogen synthase activity and in vivo insulin action
      in man.
AB  - We have studied the relationship between in vivo insulin-mediated glucose
      disposal rates, muscle glycogen content, and muscle glycogen synthase activity in
      25 southwest American Indians with normal glucose tolerance and with varying
      degrees of glucose intolerance. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal (M) was
      measured by using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique at plasma
      insulin concentrations of 134 +/- 7 and 1709 +/- 72 microU/ml, with simultaneous
      indirect calorimetry to assess glucose oxidation and storage rates. Muscle
      glycogen content and glycogen synthase activity were measured in percutaneous
      muscle biopsy samples obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after
      the euglycemic clamp procedure. The results showed that muscle glycogen synthase
      activity at the end of the euglycemic clamp was well correlated with insulin
      mediated glucose storage rates at both low (r = 0.50, P less than 0.02) and high
      (r = 0.78, P less than 0.0001) insulin concentrations; and also correlated with M
      (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.76, P less than 0.0001). Similar
      correlations were observed between the change in muscle glycogen synthase
      activity and glucose storage rates and M. The change in muscle glycogen synthase
      activity correlated with the change in muscle glycogen content (r = 0.46, P less
      than 0.03) measured before and after the insulin infusions. The change in muscle
      glycogen content did not correlate with glucose storage rates or M. The data
      suggest the possible importance of glycogen synthesis in muscle in determining in
      vivo insulin-mediated glucose disposal rates in man.

PMID- 6423665
TI  - Unidirectional transfer of prostaglandin endoperoxides between platelets and
      endothelial cells.
AB  - An important determinant of platelet-vessel wall interactions is the local
      balance of production of endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2) and platelet thromboxane
      (TX) A2, labile eicosanoids with opposing effects on hemostasis. Disputed
      evidence suggests that platelet-derived prostaglandin endoperoxide intermediates
      may be utilized as substrates for vascular PGI2 synthesis. Using several
      different approaches, we have found that platelets can transfer endoperoxides to
      cultured endothelial cells for efficient conversion to PGI2, but a reciprocal
      transfer of endothelial endoperoxides for utilization by platelet thromboxane
      synthetase does not occur under the same experimental conditions. However,
      platelets can utilize arachidonic acid released by endothelial cells for
      lipoxygenase metabolism. We have directly demonstrated the production of [3H]6
      keto-PGF1 alpha (the breakdown product of [3H]PGI2) by aspirin-treated
      endothelial cells in the presence of platelets stimulated with [3H]arachidonic
      acid. In coincubation experiments using either arachidonate or ionophore A23187
      as a stimulus, radioimmunoassay of the net production of arachidonic acid
      metabolites showed that 6-keto-PGF1 alpha generation by aspirin-treated
      endothelial cells in the presence of platelets may actually exceed its generation
      by uninhibited endothelial cells alone. In functional assays, platelet
      aggregation was inhibited in the presence of aspirin-treated endothelial cells
      after stimulation with either arachidonate or ionophore A23187. In contrast, the
      inverse experiments, using aspirin-treated platelets and uninhibited endothelial
      cells, failed to demonstrate platelet utilization of endothelial endoperoxides
      for TXA2 production by any of the above methods. These studies thus provide
      evidence that efficient unidirectional transfer and utilization of platelet
      derived endoperoxides for endothelial PGI2 production can occur. This process may
      serve to amplify PGI2 generation adjacent to areas of vascular injury and permit
      tight localization of platelet plug formation at these sites.

PMID- 6423667
TI  - Effect of platelet-activating factor and serum-treated zymosan on prostaglandin
      E2 synthesis, arachidonic acid release, and contraction of cultured rat mesangial
      cells.
AB  - The interaction of inflammatory cells and glomerular prostaglandins (PG) may be
      important during glomerulonephritis. We therefore examined the influence of
      platelet-activating factor (PAF), (a mediator of inflammation released from
      leukocytes) and of phagocytosis of zymosan on arachidonic acid metabolism and on
      cell contractility in rat glomerular mesangial cells in culture. PAF increased
      PGE2 synthesis (determined by radioimmunoassay) within minutes (threshold: 10(
      10)M; maximal effect: 10(-7)M). Serum-treated zymosan also stimulated PGE2, but
      with a slower onset. In cells prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid both PAF and
      serum-treated zymosan released 14C from phospholipids and increased free
      [14C]arachidonate. The ratio of 14C-release to PGE2 was, however, different with
      PAF and serum-treated zymosan, indicating different phospholipid pools. Under
      phase-contrast microscopy, PAF caused contraction of mesangial cells with a dose
      response and time-course parallel to that for PGE2 synthesis. Serum-treated
      zymosan caused no contraction. The PAF-induced contraction was enhanced by PG
      synthesis inhibition and was attenuated by addition of PGE2, indicating a
      feedback mechanism. The mesangial contraction by PAF may be important in favoring
      deposition of immune complexes, while the PGE2 synthesis stimulated by PAF and by
      phagocytosis of zymosan may counteract the deleterious effects of PAF during
      induction of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6423669
TI  - Contrasting experience with contrast echocardiography.

PMID- 6423668
TI  - Immunoglobulin mu-chain gene rearrangement in a patient with T cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - A 6-yr-old girl with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is described. She
      had a mediastinal mass and her leukemic cells expressed T cell-associated
      antigens (Leu 1+, OKT3+, OKT9+, and OKT10+). When we examined genomic DNA from
      the leukemic cells, we detected Ig mu-chain gene rearrangement with germ-line
      configuration of light chain genes. As reported recently, detecting Ig gene
      rearrangement has become an important procedure for further classifying B cell
      precursor cells. This case, however, suggests that there is also heterogeneity
      among patients with T cell ALL, not only at the level of cell surface phenotypes,
      but also at the level of the Ig gene. These findings have major implications when
      we consider both the ontogenesis of these leukemic cells and the normal
      differentiation of human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6423670
TI  - Can ultrasound cause genetic damage?

PMID- 6423671
TI  - Polycystic ovarian disease: ultrasonic evaluation and correlations with clinical
      and hormonal data.
AB  - The size, shape, margins, and structure of the ovaries, as observed in 26
      patients with polycystic ovarian disease were analyzed, and uterine/ovarian ratio
      (maximum antero-posterior diameter of uterine fundus divided for longitudinal
      diameter of ovary) was calculated. The maximum surface area of the organs ranged
      from 9.5 cm2 to 17.3 cm2 (average value 12.9 cm2). A "roundness index" (minimum
      diameter X 100/maximum diameter) was calculated in order to evaluate the shape:
      it ranged from a value of 100 in perfectly rounded ovaries to a value of 54 in
      ovaries of oval shape. The ovarian structure was characterized by many small
      cysts of the same dimensions in 19 cases; in two patients there was a predominant
      cyst; in five cases it appeared as many thick echoes arranged along parallel
      lines. The uterine/ovarian ratio was always equal to or less than 1. Correlation
      tests for size, shape of the ovaries, patient's age, and duration of symptoms
      were highly significant. This leads one to suppose that both of these ultrasonic
      findings are a function of the duration of the disease and that polycystic
      ovarian disease, once established, is the cause of progressive enlargement of
      these organs.

PMID- 6423672
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges and diagnostic ultrasound.

PMID- 6423673
TI  - Measurements of an index of echogenicity in some thyroid diseases.
AB  - In the preceding article, the measurement of an index of echogenicity has been
      described. In this article, we present the mean value and standard deviation of
      this index in normal thyroid and pathological cases. It appears that the index is
      very significantly lowered in Hashimoto's disease compared to its value in normal
      thyroids and simple goiters. The advantage of this index in other cases such as
      Graves' disease, subacute thyroiditis, and thyroid nodules is discussed.

PMID- 6423674
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic meconium peritonitis.

PMID- 6423675
TI  - Shifting intramural gas--a new ultrasound sign of emphysematous cholecystitis.

PMID- 6423676
TI  - Early ultrasound diagnosis of thanatophoric dwarfism.

PMID- 6423677
TI  - Sonographic findings in malacoplakia of the testis with pathologic review.

PMID- 6423678
TI  - Urachal cyst in the adult: ultrasound diagnosis.

PMID- 6423680
TI  - Ultrasound identification of neural elements in myelomeningocele.

PMID- 6423679
TI  - The effects of diagnostic ultrasound on sister chromatid exchange frequencies: a
      review of the recent literature.
AB  - The precise nature and significance of SCEs are still not understood. It is clear
      that SCE analysis is a sensitive means of detecting genotoxic agents, and that
      SCEs are correlated with mutation, in vitro transformation, and cancer. SCEs, as
      all other short-term assays, are subject to false positives and false negatives.
      Therefore, it is possible that even if ultrasound induces SCE, the effects may
      not be deleterious, although the reverse could be true as well. The majority of
      studies have not observed SCE induction after exposure to diagnostic ultrasound,
      however two positive responses have been reported. Such discrepancies cannot be
      explained until investigators adopt a uniform protocol for ultrasound exposure.
      The currently widespread use of ultrasound in antepartum diagnosis, and the rate
      at which its use increases, argue strongly for additional research into its
      potential for genetic toxicity.

PMID- 6423681
TI  - On calculating the perimeter of an ellipse.

PMID- 6423682
TI  - The effect of abdominal profile shape changes on the estimation of fetal weight.

PMID- 6423683
TI  - A simple no-cost technique for real-time biopsy.

PMID- 6423684
TI  - Errors in femur length measurement.

PMID- 6423685
TI  - Tongue movement during speech: a real-time ultrasound evaluation.
AB  - Tongue movement during production of the speech sounds /a/, /i/, and /k/ was
      examined with a real-time sector scanner positioned submentally. With this
      technique, it is possible to obtain excellent visualization of the tongue surface
      and to identify much of the intrinsic soft tissue anatomy of the tongue and floor
      of the mouth. Tongue movement and configuration were found to be consistent for
      10 normal speakers, especially for /i/ and /k/. Three patients with neurological
      disease and dysarthria showed varying but significant differences in articulation
      compared to normals. It appears that real-time ultrasound imaging of the oral
      cavity is a potentially valuable technique for the clinical investigation of
      normal and abnormal speech.

PMID- 6423686
TI  - Usefulness of renal ultrasonography for assessment of severity and course of
      acute tubular necrosis.
AB  - Renal ultrasonographic studies were done in 26 patients with acute tubular
      necrosis. Prominent findings were an increase in renal size, especially the
      anteroposterior diameter, and sharp delineation of swollen pyramids. The ratio of
      anteroposterior to longitudinal diameter (H/L) was correlated with serum
      creatinine levels and inversely correlated with urine osmolalities. It was well
      correlated with the recovery time of acute renal failure. The patient group
      having an increased H/L had a mean recovery time of 32.4 days and 11 of the 12
      patients required hemodialysis (mean of 10 times). The patient group having a
      normal H/L had a mean recovery time of 15.5 days and 9 of the 14 required
      hemodialysis (mean of 3 times).

PMID- 6423687
TI  - Sonographic patterns of the gallbladder in acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - Ultrasound was used for a serial evaluation of gallbladder modifications in 61
      patients with acute viral hepatitis during both the acute phase of the illness
      and recovery. Most of the patients studied within 7 days from the onset of
      symptoms and/or jaundice showed sonographic abnormalities of the gallbladder
      (increased wall thickness, reduced volume, abnormal bile content). A normal
      ultrasound pattern of the gallbladder was progressively restored during the
      clinical recovery in most of the patients. A statistical correlation was found
      between the gallbladder wall thickness and the alanine transferase index.

PMID- 6423688
TI  - Ultrasonic characterization of blood during coagulation.
AB  - Recently ultrasound has been found to be extremely useful in detecting
      intracardiac thrombi as well as intracranial hemorrhages in neonates. The
      principal criterion used for clinical diagnosis of thrombus has been an increase
      in the echogenicity of clotted blood. However, echogenicity is a rather
      nonspecific and qualitative description of tissue ultrasonic properties. A rise
      in echogenicity could be the result of an increase in ultrasonic backscatter, or
      a decrease in attenuation, or a combination of both. In order to ascertain the
      mechanism responsible for the clinically observed increase in echogenicity and
      thus put the technique on a firm foundation, we have measured serially the
      ultrasonic velocity, attenuation and backscatter in human blood up to 24 hours
      following the onset of coagulation. Preliminary results show that all three
      ultrasonic properties increase during this time period. At 24 hours following
      clotting, the mean rises in velocity, attenuation and backscatter are 3.36 +/-
      0.35 X 10(3) cm/sec, 2.3 +/- 0.22 db/cm and 18.5 +/- 1.2 dB per unit volume of
      blood (at 7.5 MHz and a temperature of 23 degrees C), respectively. These results
      indicate that the increase in echogenicity of a thrombus is due to a substantial
      increase in ultrasonic backscatter, which is moderated to a certain extent by the
      accompanied increase in attenuation.

PMID- 6423689
TI  - Efficacy of CW-Doppler and duplex system examinations for the evaluation of
      extracranial carotid disease.
AB  - The efficacy of different ultrasound methods for the detection of extracranial
      arterial disease (EAD) was evaluated on the basis of the comparison with
      angiography. High-resolution B-scan imaging combined with a multigated pulsed
      Doppler flow pattern analysis (Duplex system) achieved the best results for the
      detection of morphological and hemodynamic changes of nonstenotic lesions and low
      grade stenosis. However, a technically unsatisfactory examination rate of 19%,
      the failure to differentiate between total and subtotal carotid occlusions,
      underestimation of significant stenosis and impracticable vertebral flow studies
      were disadvantages of the Duplex technique. CW-Doppler examinations proved to be
      more precise and more reliable for the detection of significant stenosis and
      occlusions. Since vertebral blood flow studies were impractical with the Duplex
      system, CW-Doppler provides more comprehensive information about the hemodynamics
      of cerebral blood supply.

PMID- 6423690
TI  - Sonographic appearance of accessory spleen.

PMID- 6423691
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of neonatal diaphragmatic inversion.

PMID- 6423692
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder.
AB  - Real-time B-mode ultrasonography was employed in the identification of a primary
      sarcoma of the gallbladder. The ultrasonic findings of the tumor were an
      echogenic mass obliterating the gallbladder lumen with a stone in the center of
      the mass.

PMID- 6423693
TI  - Combined use of A-scan ultrasound, plain roentgenograms, and computerized axial
      tomography in the evaluation of a pseudo-intraocular foreign body.

PMID- 6423694
TI  - Left atrial myxoma: an uncommon cause of aortic regurgitation: echocardiographic
      findings.

PMID- 6423695
TI  - Leukemic pelvic lymphadenopathy simulating cystic ovarian lesion on sonogram.

PMID- 6423696
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of mediastinal cystic hygroma.

PMID- 6423697
TI  - Cholesterol crystals as the source of diffuse echoes in a benign renal cyst.

PMID- 6423698
TI  - Immunohistochemical localisation of factor VIII-related antigen in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - A series of 45 lymph nodes involved by Hodgkin's disease have been examined by
      means of the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method for the
      demonstration of factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII R Ag). In addition, five
      lymph nodes showing reactive follicular hyperplasia were studied. In the
      specimens of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, many blood vessels were
      present, as demonstrated by virtue of F VIII R Ag in endothelial cells. These
      vessels were present within and, especially, around the nodules in this subtype;
      in addition the fibrous trabeculae were densely vascular. High vascularity was
      also a feature of specimens of the cellular variant of nodular sclerosing
      Hodgkin's disease. However, the other three Rye subtypes of the disease showed a
      striking paucity of F VIII R Ag-positive blood vessels. The reactive nodes showed
      numerous vessels around and between follicles but the lymph sinuses were
      consistently negative. Mast cells were present in all specimens but were
      especially frequent within and adjacent to the sinuses in reactive specimens;
      they were strongly positive for the F VIII R Ag, their staining being abolished
      by pre-adsorption of the primary antiserum with factor VIII itself.

PMID- 6423699
TI  - The fibrinolytic system in pre-eclampsia.
AB  - Plasma fibrinolytic activity and plasma inhibitory activity against urokinase and
      tissue activator were measured in primigravidae with moderate or severe pre
      eclampsia and in gestation-matched primigravidae with uncomplicated pregnancy.
      The mean levels of fibrinolytic activity and inhibitory activity against
      urokinase and tissue activator did not differ significantly between the pre
      eclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancy groups. The pattern of inhibitory fractions
      of plasminogen-depleted plasma from pre-eclamptic and uncomplicated primigravidae
      after gel filtration on sephadex G-100 was similar.

PMID- 6423700
TI  - Pseudomonas in the sinks in an intensive care unit: relation to patients.
AB  - Sink drains in a medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) were cultured during
      six consecutive weeks as part of a seven month prospective study of acquisition
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ICU patients. Isolates were typed serologically and
      by aminoglycoside and chlorhexidine susceptibility patterns. All 11 sinks
      contained multiple strains of P aeruginosa; some strains persisted for weeks
      while others were isolated once. Of the sink isolates 56% had high level
      resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin whereas none of the strains found in
      patients. In sink isolates chlorhexidine resistance correlated with
      aminoglycoside resistance and with the presence of a chlorhexidine dispenser at a
      sink. The sequence of recovery of phenotypically similar isolates suggested that
      sinks were the source of at most two acquisitions of P aeruginosa by patients
      during the six weeks. Our study confirms that sinks may be reservoirs for large
      numbers of highly resistant P aeruginosa but are rarely the source of organisms
      colonising patients in our ICU.

PMID- 6423701
TI  - Inhibitory effect of cerebrospinal fluid on the growth of meningococci and
      pneumococci.
AB  - Initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from patients with
      pneumococcal meningitis usually contain far greater numbers of bacteria than
      initial CSF samples obtained from patients with meningococcal meningitis. Normal
      CSF was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of group A meningococci
      but not on type 1 pneumococci. The inhibitory effect of normal CSF was abolished
      by dialysis, indicating that the inhibitory factor has a low molecular weight.
      Heating normal CSF to 62.5 degrees C for 30 min resulted in a considerable
      reduction in the inhibitory effect, indicating that the inhibitory factor is heat
      labile.

PMID- 6423702
TI  - Reversible neurotoxicity with combined lithium-haloperidol administration.
AB  - A case is presented exemplifying continuing concern over lithium-haloperidol
      interactions even at low to moderate doses. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing
      between worsening psychosis and neurotoxicity. The role of
      electroencephalographic diagnosing and monitoring of such reactions is discussed.
      Possible mechanisms of action and interaction with different neuroleptics are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6423703
TI  - Lithium and phenytoin interaction.

PMID- 6423704
TI  - Appearance and distribution of neurofilament immunoreactivity in iris nerves.
AB  - We have used antiserum raised against neurofilament (NF) protein and indirect
      immunofluorescence techniques to visualize neuronal structures in rodent, cat,
      and cow irides. In the adult rat iris a large population of nerve fibers with a
      nonautonomic distribution show NF-like immunoreactivity. In whole mounts, smooth
      fluorescent fibers were seen in a fine-meshed plexus from the sphincter margin to
      the ciliary processes. Superimposed, a sparse pattern of thick meandering axon
      bundles were seen. Electroblotting and peroxidase immunochemical staining
      techniques unequivocally showed the presence of all three NF polypeptides in the
      adult rat iris. Adult mouse irides showed a somewhat sparser pattern of NF
      positive nerves than that of the rat. Adult guinea pig irides contained irregular
      NF-positives fibers and few axon bundles. In cryostat-sectioned cat iris numerous
      irregularly distributed individual fibers were found, whereas in similarly
      sectioned cow iris thick NF-positive axon bundles were more numerous. By
      embryonic day 18 numerous sparse NF-positive axons were seen, and the subsequent
      gradual increase in both axons in bundles and fine-meshed plexuses of individual
      fibers produced an appearance similar to that in the adult by 6 days of postnatal
      age. One week after grafting of irides to the anterior eye chamber, most NF
      positive nerves had disappeared from the iris grafts. Sympathetic and
      parasympathetic denervation of the irides did not influence the distribution of
      the NF-positive iris nerves. Five days after electrothermal lesion of the
      trigeminal nerve just distal to its ganglion a large proportion of the NF
      positive nerves had disappeared from the iris. All perikarya in the
      parasympathetic ciliary and most perikarya in the superior cervical sympathetic
      and in the trigeminal sensory ganglion showed NF immunoreactivity. The present
      report shows a way to visualize nonautonomic nerve populations in stretch
      prepared as well as sectioned irides by immunofluorescence techniques using an
      antiserum to neurofilament protein.

PMID- 6423705
TI  - Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum in a patient with normal enzyme activities.
AB  - A 34-year-old man is described with angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. This
      eruption was once thought to be diagnostic of Anderson-Fabry disease; however,
      recent studies have shown that it may also occur in the enzyme disorders
      fucosidosis and sialidosis. In our patient with widespread angiokeratomas, the
      results of enzyme studies were normal, and there were no systemic problems or
      significant family history. Our case demonstrates that angiokeratoma corporis
      diffusum can occur in a benign form without systemic features.

PMID- 6423706
TI  - CT metrizamide myelography in multiple bilateral intrathoracic meningoceles.
AB  - An intrathoracic meningocele is a protrusion of spinal meninges through an
      intervertebral foramen into the thoracic cavity. The majority occur in
      association with neurofibromatosis, and bilateral or multiple lesions are rarely
      seen. In conventional radiography, small meningoceles may be hidden behind other
      mediastinal structures. To investigate paraspinal masses, computed tomography
      (CT) with intrathecal contrast material is likely to result in more frequent
      detection of unsuspected lateral meningoceles. This report details our experience
      with CT metrizamide myelography in a case of multiple bilateral intrathoracic
      meningoceles.

PMID- 6423707
TI  - Effect of aflatoxin B1 and major metabolites on phytohemeagglutinin-stimulated
      lymphoblastogenesis of bovine lymphocytes.
AB  - Effects of aflatoxin B1 and three of its metabolites on cellular immune response
      were assessed with an assay based on inhibition of tritiated thymidine uptake by
      phytohemeagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes. In this in vitro system aflatoxin B1
      and aflatoxin Q1 were strongly inhibitory (more than 50% inhibition) at
      concentrations of 10 mu/ml, whereas aflatoxicol and aflatoxin B2 alpha exhibited
      little inhibition at 10 micrograms/ml and only 45 to 50% inhibition at 25
      micrograms/ml. Contrasts with single degrees of freedom and orthogonal polynomial
      analysis revealed that the pair of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin Q1 differed
      linearly and quadratically from the pair of aflatoxin B2 alpha and aflatoxicol,
      but within each pair there were no differences. Limited data with aflatoxin M1
      revealed that it was slightly more active than aflatoxicol in the assay, but
      minimal replication prevented rigorous statistical testing. It may be theorized
      that the moderate to strong inhibition of blastogenesis by aflatoxin B1 and its
      metabolites could inhibit T lymphocyte functions, such as killer, helper,
      effector, or other immune processes, and thus compromise the immunological
      surveillance mechanism.

PMID- 6423708
TI  - In utero exposure of bovine fetuses to polychlorinated biphenyls.
AB  - Pregnant mature beef cows more than 6 mo from parturition were fed whole plant
      corn silage from either a silo (contaminated) that had been coated with a plastic
      containing polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) or from a silo (clean) that
      had not been coated with the plastic. In addition, a third group of cows was fed
      silage from the clean silo plus 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per head daily (added
      polychlorinated biphenyls). After 30 days on treatment, one cow from each of the
      three treatments had her fetus removed by Caesarean section for assay of liver,
      thyroid, and fat for polychlorinated biphenyls content. Tissue content of
      polychlorinated biphenyls for fetuses from cows fed clean silage, contaminated
      silage, or added polychlorinated biphenyls was (microgram/g): liver, 3.6, 4.7,
      and 54.1; thyroid, 2.3, 19.4, and 121.1; fat, .65, 18.1, and 130.6, indicating
      polychlorinated biphenyls cross the placenta readily. Cow milk (colostrum)
      contents of polychlorinated biphenyls on the 1st day following parturition for
      the three respective treatments were .54, 8.5, and 96.4 micrograms/g (clean
      silage, contaminated silage, and added polychlorinated biphenyls). Fetuses taken
      from cows that had been removed from polychlorinated biphenyl exposure for 6 mo
      reflected previous treatments of dams by increased fetal fat stores of
      polychlorinated biphenyls.

PMID- 6423709
TI  - Immunoenzymatic typing of lymphoplasmacytoid skin infiltrates.
AB  - Monoclonal immunoglobulin-producing lymphomas (immunocytomas, plasmacytomas, and
      immunoblastomas) constitute 15 to 20% of all cutaneous lymphomas. Their
      differentiation from polymorphous lymphoplasmacytoid inflammatory or
      pseudolymphomatous infiltrates may be difficult if sections are stained for a
      single light chain only. It was the aim of the study to elucidate the ratio of
      the kappa- to lambda-positive cells in 10 lymphoproliferative, 5
      pseudolymphomatous, and 42 inflammatory lymphoplasmacytoid cutaneous infiltrates
      and to characterize them by the type of Ig (alpha, gamma, mu, kappa, or lambda)
      synthesized intracellularly. An indirect immunoenzymatic double-labeling method
      (alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase) was used for the simultaneous demonstration
      of kappa and lambda light chains and alpha, gamma, and mu heavy chains in
      paraffin sections. Ig-producing lymphomas of the skin show patchy monoclonal
      proliferations of cells synthesizing kappa IgM in almost 50% of the cases (5 of
      10). Monoclonality is claimed if the ratio of lambda- to kappa-positive cells is
      at least 1:10, or vice versa. In polyclonal inflammatory and pseudolymphomatous
      infiltrates, the lambda/kappa ratio never exceeds 1:5. The most common cell type
      found in these reactive infiltrates produces gamma heavy chain; some produce
      alpha chain, but only a few produce mu chain. In high-grade malignant lymphomas,
      the tumor cells may lose their capacity for Ig production.

PMID- 6423710
TI  - Preparing for the changing environment in health care delivery.

PMID- 6423711
TI  - [Stability of the diagnostic properties of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas
      during long-term storage in the lyophilized state].

PMID- 6423712
TI  - [Importance of physiology and trophology in resolving problems in applied
      nutrition].

PMID- 6423713
TI  - [Identification of the photopigments of Euglena gracilis].

PMID- 6423714
TI  - [Regulators of development in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)].

PMID- 6423715
TI  - Right ventricular function: methodologic and clinical considerations in
      noninvasive scintigraphic assessment.
AB  - Right ventricular function plays an important role in many cardiac disorders.
      Changes in left ventricular function, right ventricular afterload and preload,
      cardiac medications and ischemia may affect right ventricular function.
      Radionuclide ventriculography permits quantitative assessment of regional and
      global function of the right ventricle. This assessment can be made at rest,
      during exercise or after pharmacologic interventions. The overlap between right
      ventricle and right atrium is a major limitation for gated scintigraphic
      techniques. The use of imaging with newer short-lived radionuclides may permit
      more accurate and reproducible assessment of right ventricular function by means
      of the first pass method. Further work in areas related to improvement of
      techniques and the impact of right ventricular function on prognosis is needed.

PMID- 6423716
TI  - Timing, mechanism and clinical setting of witnessed deaths in postmyocardial
      infarction patients.
AB  - The temporal distribution and mechanism of death were studied in a large
      multicenter secondary prevention trial (Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study) in
      which acute witnessed death represented 72% (270 of 376) of the deaths due to
      arteriosclerotic heart disease. Instantaneous deaths represented 28.9% (78 of
      270) of the acute witnessed deaths; 45.2% (122 of 270) occurred in the first hour
      after the onset of symptoms and were defined as sudden deaths. In the subsequent
      23 hours, an additional 113 deaths (41.8%) occurred and were defined as
      intermediate deaths; 29 late deaths (10.7%) occurred after 24 hours. Cardiac
      arrhythmia was the mechanism of death in 83% (194 of 235) of deaths within 24
      hours. Univariate analysis of baseline clinical and electrocardiographic
      characteristics indicates that a history of congestive heart failure,
      cardiomegaly, angina pectoris, multiple myocardial infarctions and therapy with
      digitalis and nitroglycerin were more common in those who died than in survivors,
      regardless of the timing of death.

PMID- 6423717
TI  - Three-dimensional analysis of regional myocardial function in response to
      nitroglycerin in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Biplane cineventriculography was performed at rest and after sublingual
      nitroglycerin in 13 patients with coronary artery disease. In six patients
      (responders), there was a significant increase in ejection fraction [40 +/- 5 to
      52 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001)], while in the other seven (nonresponders), there
      was no alteration in ejection fraction. To evaluate the extent of regional
      myocardial response to nitroglycerin, the contractile pattern of the regional
      myocardium over the entire ventricular surface was analyzed using a computer
      generated three-dimensional model. The spatial coordinates that define the
      elliptic ventricular surface on a given horizontal plane cross section of the
      chamber were determined by four counter values in the two orthogonal silhouettes.
      Then, 32 points at equal angles around the center of gravity of the end-diastolic
      cavity were generated to form the border image. Repetition of this process for 16
      successive cross sections allowed for reconstruction of the ventricular surface
      by the sequence of 32 X 16 (512) points. The regional wall motion was expressed
      as the percent change of the radial length, drawn from the center of gravity to
      each surface point. There was significant heterogeneity in regional response to
      nitroglycerin. In the responders, the normally contracting area was significantly
      increased (from 16.5 +/- 16.0 to 36.2 +/- 14.9% of the total surface area, p less
      than 0.001), largely mediated by the greater improvement in segmental shortening
      of each graded contractile pattern relative to its deterioration. In the
      nonresponders, a lessening of the severe dysfunction of the given area was
      associated with significant deterioration of segmental shortening of the other
      normally contracting area (49.1 +/- 19.7% of the area with a contractile pattern
      of grade 5 had deteriorated, p less than 0.05). Thus, the ratio of the area with
      respective graded segmental shortening was virtually unchanged. These differences
      in response of the ischemic ventricle to nitroglycerin appeared to be related to
      the development of adequate coronary collateral vessels as well as to an
      interaction of changes in preload and afterload.

PMID- 6423718
TI  - Aspirin idiosyncracy and tolerance.

PMID- 6423719
TI  - Global brain failure in a nursing home resident population.
AB  - Data from a Minneapolis Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) are
      used to explore the frequency of global brain failure, a group of diseases, in a
      population of nursing home residents. Findings are related to three other studies
      of the same or similar phenomena. Approximately 15 per cent of all patients in
      the Minnesota database exhibit global brain failure as measured by functional
      impairment on mental and physical indices. Thirty per cent of the patients in the
      database are incontinent. These findings raise ethical issues concerning the care
      management of the global brain failure patient who has an irreversible and
      gradually fatal disease.

PMID- 6423720
TI  - Effect of ethanol infusion on the pituitary-testicular responsiveness to
      gonadotropin releasing hormone and thyrotropin releasing hormone in normal males
      and in chronic alcoholics presenting with hypogonadism.
AB  - Nine chronic male alcoholics presenting with hypogonadism but without overt liver
      failure were examined under baseline conditions and after acute injection of
      gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH, 100 micrograms iv) and thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH, 200 micrograms iv), performed at 60 min of a 3-h infusion
      of saline and 0.4 g/kg ethanol, respectively. Controls were 10 male adult
      volunteers examined under the same conditions. Six alcoholics and six controls
      underwent a third test with the infusion of 0.8 g/kg ethanol. Subjects were
      hospitalized and the infusion was started after a 48-h period of abstinence from
      alcohol. Tests were performed in random order at intervals of at least three
      weeks, always at 15:00 following a standard meal in the morning. Plasma levels of
      FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Significantly higher levels of FSH, LH and PRL, and significantly lower levels of
      T were recorded in alcoholics vs. controls on plasma samples drawn at about 08:00
      for three consecutive days. Ethanol infusion at the dose of 0.4 g/kg did not
      change the pattern of response to GnRH and TRH of controls and alcoholics.
      Doubling the alcohol dosage yielded a significant reduction of LH response in
      normal subjects whereas did not result in a similar effect in alcoholics. The
      mean LH increment of alcoholics was significantly less than that of normals at
      all times during saline and infusion of 0.4 g/kg ethanol; significance was not
      attained when the dose of ethanol was 0.8 g/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423722
TI  - Different rates of thyrotropin suppression after total body scan in patients with
      thyroid cancer: effect of an optimal saturation regimen with thyroxine or
      triiodothyronine.
AB  - The rate of TSH suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, when
      therapy is re-started after total body scan, was investigated adopting an optimal
      saturation regimen, either with T4 or with T3. The first group of 6 patients
      received T4 as follows: from day 1 to 7 = 22, 11, 6, 4, 3.5, 3.2, 3.2
      micrograms/day/kg body weight (b w) and continued with 3.2; the second group of 8
      patients received T3 as follows: 2.4, 1.8, 1.4, 1.2, 1.1, 1.1 micrograms/day/kg
      BW and continued with 1.1. At time 0, TSH levels were high in all patients (range
      80-180 microU/ml); T3 and T4 levels were below the limit of detectability. After
      the beginning of the therapy, the decrease of TSH levels and the inhibition of
      TSH response to TRH occurred faster in patients taking T3 than in patients taking
      T4. In the former, at day 7, mean basal TSH level was 1.9 +/- 0.5 microU/ml and
      30 min after 200 micrograms TRH iv mean TSH level was 9.9 +/- 4.4 microU/ml; at
      day 10 they were 1.4 +/- 0.5 and 2.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml respectively. In the
      latter, at day 7, mean basal TSH level was 4.6 +/- 3.9 microU/ml and 30 min after
      TRH mean TSH level was 42.2 +/- 34.2 microU/ml. Only at day 20 they were 0.8 +/-
      0.2 and 1.2 +/- 0.9 microU/ml respectively. In patients taking T3 by saturation
      regimen, serum levels of T3 rose rapidly to supranormal values (at day 3, mean
      serum T3 level was 297 +/- 62 ng/100 ml), reached a peak at day 5 (340 +/- 62
      ng/100 ml) and decreased thereafter, always remaining however above normal
      limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423721
TI  - Adenohypophyseal hormone levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      pituitary disease.
AB  - Measurement of adenohypophyseal hormones in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was
      recently proposed as an useful procedure to differentiate pituitary intra and
      extrasellar tumors. So far, data reported are conflicting. We measured the
      concentrations of GH, TSH, LH and PRL in CSF and plasma in 30 controls and in 37
      patients with various pituitary diseases (18 intrasellar adenomas, 14 extrasellar
      adenomas and 5 empty sella syndromes). The concentrations of examined hormones in
      CSF were very low or undetectable in all control subjects. In most patients with
      pituitary tumors, adenohypophyseal hormones were found to be present in CSF, in
      great amounts. No significant differences were found between intra and
      extrasellar tumors. In agreement with recently reported data, no significant
      correlation was found between GH, TSH, FSH and LH levels in CSF and plasma, while
      a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) was obtained between CSF and plasma
      levels of PRL, either in all patients or in those with extrasellar tumors only.
      All patients bearing an empty sella had PRL detectable in CSF: in 2 cases PRL
      levels were very high. In conclusion our data do not confirm that measurement of
      adenohypophyseal hormones in CSF represents an useful screening to differentiate
      tumors with extrasellar extension. PRL data deserve interest in order to gain
      understanding of the hormone dynamics between CSF and vascular compartments.

PMID- 6423723
TI  - Reproductive hormone studies in three subjects with a Robertsonian translocation.
AB  - The reproductive hormone function was investigated in three subjects, two
      brothers and one unrelated patient, with a Robertsonian translocation, who had
      come to us because of infertility. Basal levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, 17-beta
      estradiol and prolactin were repeatedly measured by radioimmunoassays. In
      addition, clomiphene citrate, synthetic LH-RH, hCG and TRH tests were carried
      out. Karyotypes complemented by G-banding and C-banding, repeated semen analyses,
      and testicular biopsies were also obtained. The karyotype of all three subjects
      was 45, XY-13, -14, +t(13; 14) (p11; q11). Semen analyses showed oligozoospermia,
      and reduced or reduced/normal sperm motility. In addition, a high percentage of
      atypical forms was present in all three subjects. Reproductive hormone
      measurements in our three patients were substantially normal. Only one of the two
      brothers exhibited slightly low LH and testosterone levels. Both brothers also
      had elevated estradiol levels. Gonadotropin and testosterone responses to
      respective provocative stimuli, as well as prolactin elevation following TRH,
      were normal. In conclusion, the semen abnormalities observed in these three
      subjects with Robertsonian translocation appear to be responsible for their
      impaired fertility. However, the reason why some carriers of the same
      translocation are fertile and some others are subfertile or infertile remains
      unclear. It might be speculated that an individual genetic variability is
      responsible for different degrees of spermatogenic failure, accompanied, in more
      severe cases, also by reproductive hormone disorders.

PMID- 6423724
TI  - The mechanism(s) of human parturition.

PMID- 6423725
TI  - Fetal calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 6423726
TI  - The case for high tech.

PMID- 6423727
TI  - The medical treatment of cardiac failure due to acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6423728
TI  - Production of mitogen-free immune interferon and T-cell growth factor by human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes induced with biotin-labeled staphylococcal
      enterotoxin A.
AB  - A method for the facile removal of mitogens or inducers of lymphokine production
      from cell culture medium of stimulated cells is described. The technique is based
      on the covalent attachment of biotin to mitogen or inducer and the removal of the
      biotinylated products from stimulated cell culture medium using immobilized
      avidin. Using this procedure, biotin-labeled staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA-B)
      was shown not to differ significantly from unmodified SEA in its capacity to
      stimulate mitogenesis and induce production of immune interferon (IFN) and T-cell
      growth factor (TCGF) in cultures of human mononuclear cells from peripheral
      blood. SEA-B was also shown not to differ from SEA in its binding to SEA
      antibodies. Results of mitogenicity studies and competitive radioimmune assay
      (RIA) measurements indicate that SEA-B is essentially completely removed from
      stimulated cell culture medium by absorption with avidin coupled to Sepharose 4B.

PMID- 6423729
TI  - Cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA). IV. Inhibition of
      endogenous cellular alkaline phosphatase activity.
AB  - The cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA) uses ligands conjugated
      to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase to quantitate antibody bound to antigens
      on the surfaces of whole cells. Since the endogenous alkaline phosphatase present
      in many cell types contributes unwanted background noise to the assay, ways of
      inhibiting endogenous cellular alkaline phosphatase were investigated. We found
      that the endogenous alkaline phosphatase in human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells was incompletely inhibited by EDTA or L-cysteine. Levamisole, however,
      inhibited endogenous cellular alkaline phosphatase completely without impairing
      the sensitivity of the CELISA. The use of levamisole is recommended for assays
      that use alkaline phosphatase conjugates to detect molecules on the surfaces of
      cells that also contain endogenous alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6423730
TI  - Culture and recovery of macrophages and cell lines from tissue culture-treated
      and -untreated plastic dishes.
AB  - Macrophages can be separated from other cell types by their ability to readily
      attach and spread on glass or on plastic surfaces which are treated for optimal
      growth of cultured cells (tissue culture-treated plastic). To detach macrophages
      from these surfaces, techniques must be used which require prior preparation of
      special flasks or vessels, utilize expensive equipment, are time-consuming and
      almost uniformly require that the macrophages be exposed to various chemicals. We
      now report that macrophages can be enriched and recovered efficiently after
      attachment to disposable polystyrene bacteriologic petri dishes simply by gentle
      scraping with a rubber policeman. In this paper we compare this method to others
      currently in use in which resident peritoneal cells, peritoneal exudate cells or
      cells from bone marrow-derived cultures are detached from treated dishes using
      cold shock, chelating agents and lidocaine. In all studies, advantages were noted
      when cells were incubated in untreated dishes and detached by gentle scraping. In
      addition, untreated dishes supported the growth of adherent cell lines IC-21 and
      L929B and yielded large numbers of cells, with high viability, which were easily
      harvested.

PMID- 6423731
TI  - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for C-reactive protein: clinical value and the
      effect of rheumatoid factor.
AB  - Measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is useful in
      monitoring the progress of chronic inflammatory diseases. Rheumatoid factor, by
      its interaction with the Fc portion of IgG, has the potential to interfere with
      solid-phase immunoassays for CRP and other serum proteins. To determine the
      effect of RF on a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for CRP we compared assays
      employing whole antisera or F(ab')2 fragments. In 92 sera with RF latex titres
      ranging from 1/80 to 1/81,920, no correlation was found between RF concentrations
      and CRP measurements. CRP concentrations measured by use of whole antisera (mean
      +/- standard error of the mean, 59.7 +/- 5.7 mg/l, n = 92) were lower than those
      measured with F(ab')2 fragments (62.5 +/- 5 mg/l), indicating that exaggeration
      of CRP measurements did not occur in RF containing sera under the conditions of
      the assay. Our results show that in the CRP-ELISA, interference from RF was
      precluded by the high serum dilutions employed. At lower serum dilutions RF
      binding was detected. Consequently, in solid-phase enzyme immunoassays at lower
      serum dilutions the presence of RF may lead to false positive results and
      exaggerated measurements.

PMID- 6423732
TI  - Slide immunoenzymatic assay for immunoglobulin isotype (SIA-Ig).
AB  - A simple method is described for rapid determination of immunoglobulin class and
      subclass in an assortment of samples based on the slide immunoenzymatic assay
      (SIA-Ig). Each circle on a multi-circle glass slide is coated with anti
      immunoglobulin class or subclass antibody. For each isotype to be assayed a
      circle is coated with its specific anti-isotype. The coated circles are incubated
      with sample containing the immunoglobulin(s) of unknown isotype and are then
      washed. The slide is then incubated with enzyme-labeled anti-immunoglobulin and
      washed again. Finally, enzyme substrate is deposited onto the circles. Color
      appears within a few minutes only on the circle where the unknown was bound
      specifically by its corresponding anti-isotype antibody. The method reveals
      correctly the isotype of the constituents of complex mixtures, such as serum, as
      well as that of the only component of samples containing a single molecular
      species of immunoglobulin (e.g., monoclonal antibodies). The method is simple,
      reliable, gives results in less than 1 h and is adequately sensitive for a wide
      range of practical applications.

PMID- 6423733
TI  - Genetic control of the immune response to haemoglobin. V. Production and
      characterization of A beta restricted T cell lines and clones.
AB  - Monoclonal anti-Ia inhibition experiments were conducted to confirm and extend
      genetic mapping data of I-A gene control of immunity to human haemoglobin (Hb).
      It was found that the A beta gene is of critical importance in conferring
      immunity to the alpha-chain and beta-chain subunits of Hb. A possible involvement
      of I-E region genes in B10.D2 mice to beta-chain is discussed. Through the use of
      an alpha-chain specific T cell clone data, is obtained indicating that an intact
      Ia.8+ A beta chain is necessary for antigen presentation in vitro.

PMID- 6423734
TI  - The mouse ear inflammatory response to topical arachidonic acid.
AB  - Application of arachidonic acid (AA) (0.1-4 mg) to the ears of mice produces
      immediate vasodilatation and erythema (5 min) followed by the abrupt development
      of edema which is maximal at 40-60 min. The onset of edema coincides with
      extravasation of protein and leukocytes. After 1 h, the edema begins to wane
      rapidly and the inflammatory cells leave the tissue so that by 6 h the ears have
      returned to near normal except for residual erythema. During the period 6-48 h,
      AA-treated ears show a greatly diminished response with respect to edema and cell
      infiltrate when AA is applied a second time. Inhibitor studies show that the
      inflammatory response is due to formation of AA metabolites via both the
      cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Under appropriate conditions, AA
      induced ear edema can be used as a model to screen for compounds showing in vivo
      lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Although relatively large doses of AA were
      applied topically, there was only a modest stimulation of epidermal DNA synthesis
      and mitotic index with no consequent hyperplasia. Although arachidonic acid is
      capable of eliciting most aspects of an inflammatory response, the reaction is
      abrupt in onset and of short duration. Additional factors appear to be required
      to produce a prolonged inflammatory response with associated tissue destruction,
      or inflammatory cell activation and immobilization in situ.

PMID- 6423735
TI  - The detection of subclasses of granulosa cells with differing responsiveness to
      EGF, FGF, and gonadotropin preparations using an anchorage-independent clonal
      agar assay.
AB  - Subpopulations of granulosa cells of differing responsiveness to epidermal growth
      factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), pituitary gonadotropin
      preparations, and rat erythrocyte suspensions (RBC) have been detected using an
      anchorage-independent clonal agar assay. All growth factor preparations were
      capable of enhancing colony formation when added alone, and elicited cloning
      efficiencies as high as 35% when added to the culture system at optimal
      concentrations in a variety of combinations. The FGF preparation was the single
      most effective stimulator of colony formation, augmenting both colony numbers and
      colony size at concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml. However, unlike the other
      growth factors in this assay system, a plateau in responsiveness could not be
      reached even at levels as high as 1 microgram/ml. NIH-FSH-P2 and NIAMMD-bLH-4
      were considerably less potent than other growth factors. Both preparations were
      inactive at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml and produced an optimal
      response at 10 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6423736
TI  - Antiproliferative action of interferon on murine L1210 cells: interrelationship
      with prostaglandins.
AB  - One explanation for the multiple and varied biologic effects of interferons on
      cells is that they induce their actives through the action of secondary
      molecules. One such group of biologically active molecules are prostaglandins.
      This report explores the relationship between the antiproliferative action of
      interferon and what role prostaglandins may play in this activity. The effects of
      cyclooxygenase inhibitors, which block prostaglandin formation, were studied on
      interferon sensitive and insensitive murine L1210 cells treated with murine
      interferon. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors partially blocked the antiproliferative
      effects of interferons. The blockage was only partial and was not observed in
      vivo in mice treated with interferons. Therefore although part of the in vitro
      antiproliferative activity of interferons may be mediated by prostaglandins
      produced by those cells, this explanation does not totally explain the
      antiproliferative action of interferons and was not observed in vivo.

PMID- 6423737
TI  - [Effect of aging on tuberculosis in dialysis patients].

PMID- 6423738
TI  - [Transmissible R plasmids in Salmonella isolated from healthy people during 1976
      81].

PMID- 6423739
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of blood culture procedures in pediatric patients.
      Comparison of BBL blood culture bottle with BCB system "Roche"].

PMID- 6423740
TI  - [Classification and antibiotic sensitivity of coagulase-negative staphylococci
      isolated from urinary tract infections].

PMID- 6423741
TI  - [Clinical effects of COG-78 on severe infections complicated with hematopoietic
      diseases--a comparative study on cross-over method].

PMID- 6423742
TI  - [Trichosporon cutaneum isolated from the venous blood of atypical leukemia].

PMID- 6423743
TI  - [Severe mycoplasma pneumonia and acute respiratory failure associated with
      progressive systemic sclerosis].

PMID- 6423744
TI  - [Endocrinal studies of DMBA-induced ovarian cancer--detection of progesterone
      receptor and morphologic changes following progesterone application].

PMID- 6423745
TI  - [Clinical studies of kallidinogenase in combined chemotherapy for cervical
      cancer].

PMID- 6423746
TI  - Cellular interactions and exaggerated arachidonic acid metabolism in rabbit renal
      injury.
AB  - Cell cultures from explants of the rabbit hydronephrotic kidney (HNK) cortex
      consisted of fibroblasts and an esterase-positive cell that phagocytizes zymosan.
      Cortical cell cultures from the contralateral kidney (CLK) contained only the
      fibroblast. The HNK cultures exhibited an endotoxin-induced prostaglandin (PG) E2
      (three - fourfold) release indicative of the presence of macrophages, whereas no
      response was observed in the CLK cultures. At bradykinin concentrations as low as
      10(-9)M there was a 20-fold stimulation of PGE2 from the HNK cultures and a
      sevenfold stimulation in the CLK cultures. The heterogeneous population of cells
      in the HNK cultures was separated using a mild trypsin treatment which permits
      passage of only the fibroblasts. The HNK-passaged cultures contained no
      phagocytic cells and did not release PGE2 in response to endotoxin. The passaged
      HNK cultures released less PGE2 in response to bradykinin as compared to primary
      cultures and had a decreased cyclooxygenase activity as determined by exogenous
      arachidonic acid conversion to PGE2. Conditioned media from adherent rabbit
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated basal PGE2 production (two -
      threefold) from both the HNK and CLK cultures. These findings demonstrated the
      similarity of the PGE2 production by cultured HNK cortical cells as compared to
      the ex vivo perfused HNK.

PMID- 6423747
TI  - Concomitant induction of an inflammatory response and immunosuppression by an
      extract from Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - An immunosuppressive agent (ISA) present in an aqueous extract from Listeria
      monocytogenes diminished the immune response in vivo to subsequently injected
      heterologous antigen. Intraperitoneal injection of ISA induced an inflammatory
      response and activation of the reticuloendothelial system, both of which
      coincided with the period of immune hyporesponsiveness. Mice treated with ISA
      exhibited increased accumulation of labelled antigen to phagocytic peritoneal
      cells but decreased delivery of labelled antigen to the spleen. Both delivery of
      antigen to spleen and the immune response could be improved by injecting either
      ISA or antigen or both intravenously, or by increasing the dose of antigen. The
      response of ISA-treated animals could also be improved by intraperitoneal
      injection of latex beads, colloidal carbon, or carrageenan shortly (60 min)
      before immunization. Spleen cells from ISA-treated mice adoptively transferred to
      irradiated syngeneic recipients were able to mount a normal immune response.
      These results suggest that ingestion of antigen by the enlarged population of
      phagocytes in peritoneal cavities of ISA-treated mice prevented antigen delivery
      to the spleen and was partly responsible for the observed immunosuppression.

PMID- 6423748
TI  - Killing of Listeria monocytogenes by inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear
      phagocytes from immune and nonimmune mice.
AB  - Acquired resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria
      monocytogenes is thought to require immunologically activated macrophages. Using
      peritoneal exudate cells from nonimmunized mice in a suspension bactericidal
      assay, however, we found that peritoneal neutrophils obtained early during the
      inflammatory process (4 hr after elicitation) and macrophages obtained later
      during inflammation (maximal listericidal activity at 48 hr after elicitation)
      were able to kill Listeria in vitro. The kinetics of expression of bactericidal
      activity by inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages against both L monocytogenes
      and E coli were similar. Although intraperitoneal immunization or intravenous
      hyperimmunization markedly enhanced resistance of mice to Listeria in vivo,
      immunization did not increase the ability of inflammatory peritoneal phagocytes
      to kill Listeria in vitro. However, in response to intraperitoneal injection of
      proteose-peptone or dead Listeria, immunized mice mobilized more neutrophils and
      monocytes into the inflamed peritoneum. These data suggest that, rather than
      systemic activation of mononuclear phagocyte bactericidal activity, increased
      mobilization of neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes into sites of infection
      may be of prime importance in resistance to listeriosis.

PMID- 6423749
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to human granulocytes: cellular specificity and functional
      studies.
AB  - Antigenic specificity and functional studies of G2, a monoclonal antibody to
      human granulocytes, prepared by fusing spleen cells from immunized Balb/c mice to
      the nonimmunoglobulin (Ig) secretor line SP2/0, are described. The antibody was
      reactive with the HL60 and K562 cell lines and with human peripheral blood
      granulocytes; and unreactive toward human lymphocytes, erythrocytes, a variety of
      T and B cell lines, as well as toward leukemic cells obtained from patients with
      acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute
      myelocytic leukemia (AML). The G2 monoclonal antibody identified cell surface
      antigens on cells from cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) and on
      cells from 2 of 12 cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL). G2 was capable
      of inhibiting oxygen consumption by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL)
      stimulated with aggregated human immunoglobulin (IgG), opsonized zymosan, f-met
      leu-phe (FMLP), and the calcium ionophore A23187. Inhibition of the PMNL response
      to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and digitonin was dependent upon the dose of
      the stimulant. G2 should facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms of granulocyte
      membrane perturbation and subsequent activation of various functions via a
      selective interaction with key cell surface antigens.

PMID- 6423750
TI  - Both the kind and magnitude of stimulus are important in overcoming the negative
      regulation of macrophage activation by PGE2.
AB  - Macrophages activated for tumor cell killing by bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) were shown to lose their cytolytic activity if exposed to physiological
      levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Increasing the LPS stimulus more than 100-fold
      over the amount needed to activate the cells did not substantially increase their
      resistance to the negative regulatory effect of PGE2. By contrast, killing
      mediated by macrophages activated by a mixture of LPS and gamma interferon was
      maintained. The degree of resistance conferred was directly related to the
      magnitude of the stimulus employed, reaching the point where not even 10(-5) M
      PGE2 would diminish killing. Killing by both activated resident and inflammatory
      peritoneal macrophages could be maintained, but it was easier to do so if the
      cells had been elicited by an inflammatory stimulus. A preparation of type I
      interferons produced by cells of the macrophage cell line J774A. 1 behaved
      similarly, but was over 500 times less efficient at helping to maintain killing
      than gamma (type II) interferon was. Alpha interferon alone, i.e., without LPS,
      was capable both of activating macrophages and of maintaining the activated state
      in the presence of PGE2. The capacity for both activation and maintenance could
      be strikingly enhanced, however, by mixing alpha and gamma interferons together
      under conditions that were free of detectable LPS. The data reported here
      collectively suggest that induction and maintenance of macrophage activation may
      be separable mechanistically, and that the interferons are important to host
      defense not only because they participate in the induction of macrophage
      activation for tumor cell killing but also because they help to maintain the
      activated state once it has been induced.

PMID- 6423751
TI  - Evidence for the distribution of apolipoprotein E between lipoprotein classes in
      human normocholesterolemic plasma and for the origin of unassociated
      apolipoprotein E (Lp-E).
AB  - The distribution of apoE between the major lipoprotein classes of
      normocholesterolemic plasma has been determined by molecular sieve
      chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, preparative ultracentrifugation,
      and polyanionic precipitation. Highly comparable values were obtained for the
      first two procedures (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.958), while the other
      procedures gave recoveries of apoE in high density lipoprotein that were
      respectively higher and lower, although total recoveries of apoE were essentially
      complete in each case. Immunoaffinity chromatography under the conditions
      described was not accompanied by detectable dissociation or redistribution of
      apoE. By immunoaffinity chromatography, all the apoE of native plasma was present
      in the form of complexes also containing either apoA-I or apoB. However, both
      ultracentrifugation and polyanionic precipitation methods of lipoprotein
      fractionation dissociated substantial proportions of apoE into both lipid-rich
      and lipid-poor forms that were unassociated with other apolipoproteins. These
      forms were derived mainly or exclusively from the dissociation of apoE from
      lipoproteins containing apoB, while apoE bound to apoA-I was dissociated by
      neither procedure. When lipoproteins were adsorbed on immobilized antibodies to
      apoA-I or apoB and dissociated with 3 M NaCNS, the apoE and apoA-I remained
      associated while the complex of apoB and apoE was substantially dissociated.
      These results suggest that immunoaffinity chromatography accurately determines
      apoE distribution in plasma. The results on the in vitro generation of
      unassociated apoE (Lp-E) are discussed in terms of the "family" concept of
      lipoprotein structure.

PMID- 6423753
TI  - Isolation and characterization of polymorphic forms of porcine apoC-II by
      chromatofocusing.
AB  - Chromatofocusing, which separates proteins on the basis of their different
      isoelectric points, was used to isolate isoforms of apoC-II from porcine very low
      density lipoproteins. This method was found to be time-saving and the yield of
      protein recovery was high. With chromatofocusing, three polypeptides were
      obtained which were characterized by amino acid analysis, double immunodiffusion,
      and by their ability to activate bovine milk lipoprotein lipase. The three
      polypeptides had the same amino acid composition, gave a reaction of identity
      against a monospecific antiserum to porcine apoC-II, but had different
      isoelectric points between pH 4.8 and 4.4. They all enhanced the activity of
      lipoprotein lipase, but to a lesser degree than native porcine serum. There was
      no indication of the existence of apolipoproteins that correspond to human apoC
      III polypeptides.

PMID- 6423752
TI  - Temperature-induced changes in the hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing
      sphingolipids abundant in the surface membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1.
AB  - Sphingolipids make up 30 to 40 mole % of the phospholipids found in the surface
      membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1. We have identified the two major classes
      as non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramide-2-aminoethylphosphonate (NCAEP) and
      alpha-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramide-2-aminoethylphosphonate (HCAEP).
      Both classes were well represented in cells grown at 39 degrees C. At this
      temperature their principal long chain bases were n-hexadeca-4-sphingenine and n
      nonadeca-4-sphingenine. The major fatty acid of NCAEP from 39 degrees C-grown
      cells was palmitic acid and that of HCAEP was alpha-hydroxypalmitic acid. Cells
      grown at 15 degrees C contained NCAEP, but only traces of HCAEP. By analyzing the
      incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic acid into cells growing isothermally or shifted
      from 15 degrees C to 39 degrees C, we obtained evidence favoring a direct
      conversion of NCAEP to HCAEP. This conversion was blocked in cells grown at 15
      degrees C, causing an accumulation of NCAEP. Tetrahymena is a useful model system
      for studying the poorly understood alpha-hydroxylation process that is of
      critical importance in myelination of animal nervous tissues.

PMID- 6423755
TI  - Abnormalities of glycosphingolipids in mucopolysaccharidosis type III B.
AB  - Glycosphingolipids from brain, liver, and spleen of a patient with
      mucopolysaccharidosis type III B were quantitatively analyzed. Neutral
      glycosphingolipids containing glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide,
      globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, and gangliotriaosylceramide were
      increased in the brain, while the contents of galactosylceramide and
      galactosylceramide I3-sulfate were decreased. The total ganglioside levels were
      low in the grey matter (522 micrograms N-acetylneuraminic acid/g) and high in the
      white matter (342 micrograms N-acetylneuraminic acid/g), when compared with the
      normal values (744-918 micrograms/g in grey matter and 80-180 micrograms/g in
      white matter). The ganglioside compositions were characterized by a high
      proportion of II3-N-acetylneuraminosylgangliotriaosylceramide (GM2), II3-N
      acetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide (GM3), and II3-(N
      acetylneuraminosyl)2lactosylceramide (GD3). An unusual band of protein in place
      of an ordinary band of Wolfgram protein was detected as a major band by sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The low levels of 4
      eicosasphingenine in the brain gangliosides indicated that the disturbance of the
      sphingolipid metabolism already began at age 3 at the latest and that the brain
      remained immature. These abnormal glycosphingolipids and protein as well as the
      accumulation of heparan sulfate explain in part the severe progressive mental
      retardation which is most characteristic of the mucopolysaccharidosis III B.
      Abnormalities of glycosphingolipids in the liver and spleen are also found.

PMID- 6423754
TI  - Lipid binding properties of the Tangier apolipoprotein A-I and its isoproteins.
AB  - The apolipoprotein A-I was isolated from the plasma of normal individuals and of
      three homozygous patients with Tangier disease by immunoprecipitation. The apoA-I
      isoforms were further fractionated by isofocusing on polyacrylamide gels. The
      physicochemical behavior of normal and Tangier apoA-I and of the isoproteins-2
      and -4 was studied by monitoring the tryptophanyl fluorescence emission as a
      function of temperature, pH, and under exposure to guanidinium (guanidine)
      hydrochloride (GdmCl). Lipid-apoprotein complexes were generated by incubation
      with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and isolated by density gradient
      ultracentrifugation. Our results show that normal apoA-I and its isoprotein-4
      associate with lipids to yield a complex containing 150-200 mol lecithin/mol apoA
      I. The isoprotein-2 of normal apoA-I and the isoprotein-4 of Tangier apoA-I
      generate lipid-rich complexes with lecithin, while the isoprotein-2 of Tangier
      apoA-I shows only a limited association with lipids. ApoA-I normal and Tangier
      and their isoproteins-4 undergo a structural transition around 45 degrees C,
      which is not observed in the lecithin-apoA-I complexes. This transition is
      accompanied by an increased exposure of the tryptophanyl residues to the solvent.
      This transition was observed for the isoprotein-2 of apoA-I Tangier both in its
      lipid-free form and in the presence of lecithin. The pH denaturation of apoA-I
      and of the isoprotein-4 between pH 9 and 13 and between pH 7 and 2 is accompanied
      by a similar conformational transition. The transition occurs around pH 10.8 for
      the native apoproteins and is shifted towards respectively higher and lower pH's
      as result of the protective action of lipid binding on the protein conformation.
      Such an effect was not observed with the isoprotein-2 of apoA-I Tangier which is
      denatured at lower pH's both in its native form and in a lipid-protein mixture.
      Finally the denaturation of apoA-I by GdmCl indicates that apoA-I normal and
      Tangier undergo structural changes around 1 M GdmCl, whereas the apoA-I-Tangier
      lecithin complex is more susceptible to denaturation than the complex with apoA-I
      normal. These data suggest that the apoA-I normal and Tangier and their
      isoproteins-4 are able to associate with lipids although the association between
      apoA-I Tangier with lecithin is weaker than that of apoA-I normal. The isoprotein
      2 of normal apoA-I associates to a greater extent with lipids than the isoprotein
      2 of Tangier apoA-I, whose structure differs from that of the isoprotein
      4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6423756
TI  - New concepts of pathogens, and pathogenesis.
AB  - Recent changes in thinking about the host-parasite relationship are reviewed. New
      agents have been identified as respiratory and urinary tract pathogens. Agents
      previously considered benign, eg., Staphylococcus epidermidis, have become
      increasingly important causes of disease. Finally, studies on patients with the
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome have yielded important new information about
      both host defenses and pathogens. Continued investigation should provide
      important data which expand the understanding of what causes an infection and the
      factors responsible for disease.

PMID- 6423759
TI  - Nutritional support in cancer patients.

PMID- 6423758
TI  - Improving access to dental care for long-term care residents in Massachusetts:
      issues and recommendations.

PMID- 6423757
TI  - Recent developments in gonorrhea and pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - Gonorrhea remains the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection, with
      a total of 2-2.5 million cases occurring annually in the United States. The
      annual incidence of gonococcal and nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease
      (PID) is 600,000-1,000,000 cases, 10-15% of which result in infertility due to
      bilateral tubal occulusion. PID results from ascending infection with sexually
      transmitted pathogens or components of the normal vaginal flora, or both.
      Uncomplicated gonorrhea usually is best treated with a single dose of ampicillin
      or procaine penicillin G (given with probenecid) or spectinomycin, in each case
      followed by a 7 day course of tetracycline or doxycycline to eradicate coexisting
      chlamydial infection. PID, both gonococcal and non-gonococcal, ideally should be
      treated in the hospital with parenteral antibiotics. Regimens utilizing various
      combinations of doxycycline, cefoxitin, clindamycin, aminoglyocosides, or
      metronidazole are recommended. The sexual partners of patients with gonorrhea or
      with PID (non-gonococcal as well as gonococcal) should be routinely examined and
      treated.

PMID- 6423760
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis of a computerized medical record system.
AB  - This paper describes the cost-benefit analysis of a computerized medical record
      system for use in physicians' offices. Actual data for savings in physician time
      in paper work was collected. The qualitative benefits of the system were
      evaluated using a questionnaire. The cost-benefit ratios demonstrated that the
      use of a computerized medical system is justified.

PMID- 6423761
TI  - Desensitization of rat anterior pituitary gland to thyrotrophin releasing
      hormone.
AB  - We have studied the secretion of TSH and prolactin from perifused rat anterior
      pituitary glands in vitro in response to single pulses of thyrotrophin releasing
      hormone (TRH) and KCl after prior exposure to TRH. Anterior pituitary fragments
      were incubated in normal medium or in medium containing 28 nmol TRH/1 for 20 h
      before perifusion. Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (28 nmol/l), administered as a
      3-min pulse, stimulated TSH and prolactin release from control tissue to a peak
      value four or five times that of basal. After exposure of the pituitary tissue to
      TRH for 20 h, the subsequent response of TSH to a 3-min pulse of TRH was,
      however, markedly reduced; in contrast, the prolactin response was not
      significantly reduced. In a similar series of experiments KCl (60 mmol/l) was
      administered to both control and TRH-'treated' pituitary tissue as a 3-min pulse;
      no significant differences in TSH responses or prolactin responses were observed.
      These data indicate that TRH desensitizes the pituitary thyrotroph to a
      subsequent TRH stimulus but has very little effect on prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6423762
TI  - Acclimation of the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis to hyperosmotic solution (NaCl,
      urea and mannitol).
AB  - Bufo viridis were acclimated to hyperosmotic solutions of NaCl, urea or mannitol.
      The toads could not be acclimated to mannitol solutions of osmotic strength
      higher than 300 mosmol kg-1 H2O, but could be acclimated easily to NaCl and urea
      higher than 500 mosmol kg-1 H2O. Water uptake diminished under mannitol
      acclimation while the apparent osmotic permeability under NaCl and urea
      acclimation increased. Urea and sodium influx across the isolated skin changed
      inversely upon hyperosmotic acclimation, but they did not seem to depend on one
      another. The adaptational advantages of the observed changes are discussed.

PMID- 6423763
TI  - Heart rate and aerobic metabolism in Humboldt penguins, Spheniscus humboldti,
      during voluntary dives.
AB  - Heart rate and aerobic metabolism have been recorded from three Humboldt
      penguins, Spheniscus humboldti, freely diving on a freshwater pond (9 X 4.6 X 2.7
      m deep), using an implanted radiotransmitter and an open circuit respirometer.
      Oxygen uptake at mean dive duration (46.2s) was 26% greater than the resting
      value, but the difference was not statistically significant. Heart rate was also
      similar to the resting value. It is concluded that voluntary dives of penguins
      are completely aerobic and that oxygen stores are sufficient to allow metabolism
      to continue at the rate estimated in the present study for 2.27 min during
      voluntary submersion. This is longer than that calculated for tufted ducks,
      probably because the penguins are more efficient at underwater locomotion and
      because they are almost neutrally buoyant.

PMID- 6423765
TI  - Risks of referral.

PMID- 6423766
TI  - Evidence suggesting the importance of fatty acids and the fatty acid moieties of
      sperm membrane phospholipids in the acrosome reaction of guinea pig spermatozoa.
AB  - When guinea pig spermatozoa were preincubated 1 hr in Ca2+-free medium containing
      dilysocardiolipin (100--125 micrograms/ml) then exposed to Ca2+, the majority
      underwent an immediate acrosome reaction. Monolysocardiolipin was much less
      effective and the native cardiolipin was totally ineffective. Some fatty acids
      added to the medium could also render the spermatozoa capable of undergoing their
      acrosome reactions, arachidonic acid in methyl ester form being most potent. It
      is known that sperm membrane contains phospholipase A which cleaves membrane
      phospholipids into lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Most lysophospholipids are
      known to be potent acrosome reaction-promoting agents. As some forms of fatty
      acids are also potent acrosome reaction-promoting agents, both products of
      membrane phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase A (i.e., both fatty acids and
      lysophospholipids) may work synergistically to effect the conversion of stable
      sperm membranes to a fusion competent state capable of engaging in the acrosome
      reaction.

PMID- 6423764
TI  - Murine B cell differentiation lineages.
AB  - Subpopulations of mouse B cells express different amounts of two antigens (BLA-1
      and BLA-2) recognized by rat monoclonal antibodies (53-10.1 and 30-E2). Two-color
      immunofluorescence analysis on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)
      shows that the 53-10.1 monoclonal antibody reacts with a similar proportion of
      splenic B cells from normal and CBA/N (xid) mice, whereas 30-E2 reacts with most
      CBA/N B cells but with only a fraction of normal B cells. Data from three- and
      four-color immunofluorescence analyses with xid, athymic (nude), and normal mice
      suggest that the order in which these antigens are lost during B cell
      differentiation distinguishes two B cell lineages: immature B cells express both
      antigens, intermediate-stage B cells of one or the other lineage express only BLA
      1 or only BLA-2, respectively, and mature resting B cells express neither. CBA/N
      mice lack one of the putative intermediate populations (BLA-1+,2-); thus, this
      population apparently gives rise to the predominant mature B cell population,
      which is present in normal adult spleen and lymph node but is missing in CBA/N.
      The other putative intermediate population (BLA-1-,2+) is decreased by two- to
      threefold in spleens from nude mice compared with strain-matched controls. Both
      BLA-1 and BLA-2 antigens rapidly reappear after specific (antigen) or nonspecific
      (lipopolysaccharide) B cell activation. IgM plaque-forming cells (PFC) derived
      from such activated cells continue to express both antigens while IgG PFC express
      only BLA-1.

PMID- 6423767
TI  - [Mannitol in cochlear disorders, its action on N5 wave latencies].

PMID- 6423768
TI  - Control mechanisms governing the infectivity of Chlamydia trachomatis for HeLa
      cells: the role of calmodulin.
AB  - Adhesion of the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis to host
      cells is associated with a flux of Ca2+ across the cell membrane, and infection
      is enhanced by treatment of host cells with Ca2+ ionophore. The possibility that
      Ca2+ might interact with host cell Ca2+ regulatory proteins to promote chlamydial
      infection was investigated. Treatment of HeLa 229 cells with the calmodulin
      inhibitors pimozide, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, promethazine or haloperidol
      reduced chlamydial infectivity as measured by inclusion counting or the specific
      incorporation of [3H]threonine. The inhibitory effect was reversible, dose
      related and shown to be associated with impairment of chlamydial adhesion and
      uptake by the host cells. This effect was clearly distinguished from the delayed
      maturation of chlamydiae due to continuous exposure to calmodulin inhibitors
      which may result from a decrease in the availability of high energy compounds
      from the host cells necessary for chlamydial growth. The possible mechanisms for
      calmodulin-mediated chlamydial endocytosis are discussed.

PMID- 6423769
TI  - L-arginine utilization by Pseudomonas species.
AB  - The utilization of arginine was studied in several different Pseudomonas species.
      The arginine decarboxylase and agmatine deiminase pathways were found to be
      characteristic of Pseudomonas species of group I as defined by Palleroni et al.
      (1974). Pseudomonas putida strains had three distinct arginine catabolic pathways
      initiated by arginine decarboxylase, arginine deiminase and arginine oxidase,
      respectively. The two former routes were also present in P. fluorescens and P.
      mendocina and in P. aeruginosa which also used arginine by a further unknown
      pathway. None of these pathways occurred in P. cepacia strains; agmatine
      catabolism seemed to follow an unusual route involving guanidinobutyrate as
      intermediate.

PMID- 6423771
TI  - Inhibition of the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: GM3, N-acetylgalactosaminyl
      transferase by gangliosides.
AB  - Gangliosides in the range of 0.1-0.4 mM inhibited the UDP-N
      acetylgalactosamine:GM3, N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.79) of
      chicken retina. Other lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin,
      sulfatides, and phosphatidic acid in concentrations similar to those of
      gangliosides did not affect the enzyme activity significantly. GM3 has an
      inhibition capability slightly less than that of gangliosides with two or three
      sialyl groups in their molecules, while asialo-GM1 is clearly less inhibitory.
      The inhibitory effect of a constant amount of GT1 ganglioside was higher at low
      concentrations of membrane preparation, but the inhibition was similar at
      different concentrations of the substrates GM3 or UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and
      at all incubation times studied. The added gangliosides were found attached to
      the membranes. In this attached state they may act either as substrate or
      inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of gangliosides was not apparent when a mixture
      of Triton CF 54-Tween 80 was added to the incubation medium at concentrations
      greater than 0.33%.

PMID- 6423770
TI  - Mechanism of rabies virus entry into CER cells.
AB  - The early steps of rabies virus (CVS) infection in vitro were studied in chicken
      embryo-related (CER) cells. The infection was monitored by looking for specific
      intracytoplasmic viral inclusions using anti-rabies fluorescein isothiocyanate at
      24 h after the addition of virus. The attachment of rabies virus to CER cells was
      shown to be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with neuraminidase. These
      cells recovered their susceptibility to rabies virus infection 6 h after removal
      of the enzyme. Treatment of CER cells with neuraminidase after the viral
      attachment step did not inhibit infection. The subsequent delivery of infectious
      virions into acid prelysosomal vacuoles or lysosomes was studied using
      lysosomotropic agents. Ammonium chloride and chloroquine were used to prevent the
      virus fusion step thus preventing infection. Both drugs were shown to inhibit the
      early steps of infection, NH4Cl having a much earlier effect than chloroquine.
      The two drugs had no effect on the attachment step nor did NH4Cl inhibit virus
      multiplication. The use of metabolic inhibitors (2-deoxy-D-glucose and sodium
      azide) shows that the entry of rabies virus into CER cells does not require the
      involvement of cellular energy processes. In electron microscopy studies, the
      presence of rabies virus particles was detected in coated pits and coated
      vesicles as well as in uncoated vesicles, and later in lysosomes. These data
      indicate that the mechanism by which rabies virus enters CER cells is probably
      through adsorptive endocytosis and does not require the participation of cellular
      metabolic active processes.

PMID- 6423772
TI  - A possible interrelationship between extracellular taurine and
      phosphoethanolamine in the hippocampus.
AB  - The effect of guanidinoethane sulfonic acid (GES), an inhibitor of taurine
      uptake, was examined with respect to endogenous amino acids in the hippocampus of
      the freely moving rabbit. GES increased the extracellular levels of both taurine
      and phosphoethanolamine (PEA), other amino acids being unaffected. However, long
      term oral administration of GES selectively reduced endogenous taurine levels.
      The effect of GES on PEA appeared to be a consequence of the elevated
      extracellular taurine as exogenously administered taurine per se increased PEA
      levels in the extracellular space. The findings are discussed in conjunction with
      the proposed membrane-stabilizing effects of taurine.

PMID- 6423773
TI  - Inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in rat cerebral cortical slices: II. Calcium
      requirement.
AB  - The calcium requirement for agonist-dependent breakdown of phosphatidylinositol
      and polyphosphoinositides has been examined in rat cerebral cortex. The omission
      of added Ca2+ from the incubation medium abolished [3H]inositol phosphate
      accumulation from prelabelled phospholipid induced by histamine, reduced that due
      to noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine, but did not affect carbachol-stimulated
      breakdown. EC50 values for agonists were unaltered in the absence of Ca2+.
      Removal of Ca2+ by preincubation with EGTA (0.5 mM) abolished all responses, but
      complete restoration was achieved by replacement of Ca2+. The EC50 for Ca2+ for
      histamine-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation was 80 microM.
      Noradrenaline-stimulated breakdown was antagonised by manganese (IC50 1.7 mM),
      but not by the calcium channel blockers nitrendipine or nimodipine (30 microM).
      The calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated phosphatidylinositol/polyphosphoinositide
      hydrolysis with an EC50 of 2 microM, and this response was blocked by EGTA.
      Omission of Ca2+ or preincubation with EGTA or Mn2+ (EC50 = 230 microM) greatly
      enhanced the incorporation of [3H]inositol into phospholipids. The IC50 for Ca2+
      in inhibiting incorporation was 25 microM. The results show that different
      receptors mediating phosphatidylinositol/polyphosphoinositide breakdown in rat
      cortex have quantitatively different Ca2+ requirements, and it is suggested that
      rigid opinions regarding phosphatidylinositol/polyphosphoinositide breakdown as
      either cause or effect of calcium mobilisation in rat cortex are inappropriate.

PMID- 6423774
TI  - Binding of chlorpromazine to S-100 protein.
AB  - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) induces in S-100 conformational changes resulting in the
      exposure of titratable SH groups of the protein to the solvent. This effect is
      even greater in the presence of Mg2+ +/- Ca2+. S-100 possesses binding sites for
      CPZ. The binding of CPZ to 3 microM S-100 is half-saturated by 0.18 microM CPZ in
      the presence of Mg2+ plus Ca2+ and by 0.24 microM CPZ in the presence of Mg2+
      plus EGTA. The extent of the binding is greater in the presence of Ca2+ than in
      the presence of EGTA, especially at low CPZ concentrations.

PMID- 6423775
TI  - Stress and epilepsy: the value of a benzodiazepine--lorazepam.
AB  - Twenty four patients with drug resistant epilepsy were given lorazepam and
      placebo added to their pre-existing drug regime. With lorazepam there was a
      significant reduction in seizures, especially in those with focal and partial
      complex attacks. The drug proved effective whether or not the patients regarded
      stress as a trigger to their seizures, but on the Middlesex Hospital
      Questionnaire there were differences between those with high and low scores.

PMID- 6423776
TI  - Myopathy due to juvenile acid maltase deficiency affecting exclusively the type I
      fibres.
AB  - The clinical and laboratory findings of a patient with juvenile acid maltase
      deficiency are presented. The patient died from respiratory muscle weakness at
      age 31 years. Muscle biopsy shortly prior to his death showed remarkable
      vacuolation affecting exclusively type I fibres and mild myopathic changes of
      both types of muscle fibres, while the muscle biopsy at age 26 years had shown no
      evidence of acid maltase deficiency.

PMID- 6423778
TI  - Lingual epilepsy: a case report of an unusual expression of focal cerebral
      discharge.

PMID- 6423777
TI  - "Therapeutic" serum concentration of phenytoin: the influence of seizure type.
AB  - Serum phenytoin concentrations were monitored prospectively in 26 patients with
      previously untreated partial epilepsy, during monotherapy with phenytoin. Only
      six remained entirely seizure-free, although only four experienced further tonic
      clonic seizures. There was no correlation between serum phenytoin concentrations
      and freedom from partial seizures in those patients in whom such seizures
      recurred. There did appear to be a correlation between serum phenytoin
      concentration and freedom from tonic-clonic seizures.

PMID- 6423779
TI  - Seizure disorder, mental retardation, unusual facies, and abnormal hair.

PMID- 6423780
TI  - The metabolic response to severe head injury.
AB  - Caloric expenditure and nitrogen balance were measured in 14 steroid-treated
      comatose head-injured patients acutely and up to 28 days after injury. During
      this period patients were fed with a continuous enteral infusion of a formula
      containing 2 Kcal/cc and 10 gm nitrogen/liter. Indirect calorimetry was carried
      out for 102 patient-days. The mean resting metabolic expenditure (RME) for
      nonsedated nonparalyzed patients was 138% +/- 37% of that expected for an
      uninjured resting person of equivalent age, sex, and body surface area. Nitrogen
      excretion was measured for 135 patient-days. The mean excretion was 20.2 +/- 6.4
      gm/day. The mean protein caloric contribution was 23.9% +/- 6.7% and was greater
      than 25% for six patients, compared to normal values of 10% to 15%. Despite
      hyperalimentation, positive nitrogen balance for any 3-day period was achieved in
      only seven patients, and required replacement of 161% to 240% of RME with
      enterally administered formula. Head-injured patients had a metabolic response
      similar to that reported for patients with burns of 20% to 40% of the body
      surface.

PMID- 6423781
TI  - Blood-brain barrier disruption in immature Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - Methods for transiently disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which are
      consistent with survival are described for immature Fischer 344 rats weighing 40
      to 99 gm. A catheter was retrogradely inserted into the external carotid artery
      to the level of the bifurcation. Perfusion of 1.4 M mannitol or 1.6 M arabinose,
      at a rate of 0.01 to 0.1 ml/sec for 30 seconds, resulted in transient BBB
      disruption as measured by Evans blue dye (EBD) staining. Higher flow rates or
      perfusion with 10% to 30% dimethyl sulfoxide were associated with a mortality
      rate ranging from 0% to 44%. Perfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride or intrafemoral
      artery perfusion with 1.4 M mannitol did not disrupt the BBB. Optimum BBB
      disruption as measured by EBD staining was achieved with 1.6 M arabinose at 0.026
      ml/sec for 30 seconds, at which time all of the 42 experimental animals had BBB
      disruption; all of the animals so treated survived 2 weeks following perfusion.
      This technique will allow the efficacy of delivering chemotherapeutic agents
      following BBB disruption to be tested in several of the more commonly used small
      animal models for brain-tumor research.

PMID- 6423782
TI  - Does the CO2 laser spread viable brain-tumor cells outside the surgical field?
AB  - The viability of debris containing C6 rat tumor cells generated by the CO2 laser
      was investigated using standard tissue culture techniques. No evidence of cell
      viability was found in the plume of laser smoke.

PMID- 6423783
TI  - Parenteral nutrition in head injury.

PMID- 6423784
TI  - Prophylactic phenytoin.

PMID- 6423785
TI  - Wage and hour laws. Their impact on 12-hour scheduling.
AB  - An often-overlooked aspect of implementing flexible scheduling is the existing
      payroll system and wage and hour laws. In this article, the authors of a 12-hour
      scheduling system discuss how they influenced the legislative process to help
      ensure the cost-effectiveness of their system.

PMID- 6423786
TI  - DRG panic.
AB  - The authors describe the successful development and implementation of a multi-use
      nursing information system. Developed under the direction of nursing
      administration, this system serves as a database for statistical analysis,
      utilization review, and budget management. The intent of the article is to
      encourage nursing administrators with information systems to use them to the
      fullest possible extent.

PMID- 6423788
TI  - Orientation bandwidths of spatial mechanisms measured by masking.
AB  - Orientation tuning curves were measured at 10 spatial frequencies ranging from
      0.5 to 11.3 cycles per degree (cpd) using a masking paradigm. The stimuli were
      spatially localized test patterns of 1.0 octave bandwidth superimposed upon
      cosine grating masks. By using a model that corrects for the nonlinearity
      inherent in the masking process, we obtain the half-amplitude half-bandwidths
      (theta 1/2) of Cartesian-separable receptive fields that may underlie orientation
      selectivity. Additional experiments show that the data are not compatible with
      separability in polar coordinates (spatial frequency and orientation). The
      orientation half-bandwidths have been found to decrease somewhat with increasing
      spatial frequency, going from about 30 degrees at 0.5 cpd to 15 degrees at 11.3
      cpd, for both sustained and transient forms of temporal modulation. Similar
      bandwidths are obtained from data where the test is oriented along 45 degrees.
      These bandwidth estimates are shown to be consistent with subthreshold summation
      data as well as physiological data from monkey striate cortex.

PMID- 6423787
TI  - The challenge of prospective pricing: work smarter.
AB  - Nursing administrators are faced with the challenge of containing costs under
      Medicare's prospectively set reimbursement limits. The author suggests that
      nurses "work smarter" by utilizing the unique aspects of prospective pricing in a
      program that will maintain professionalism while improving "bottom line"
      outcomes. A pro-active strategy for administrators within nursing departments, on
      a hospital-wide basis, and in the entire health care delivery system is
      described. The author shows how determining nursing costs and revenues by
      diagnosis can be a way to validate both the cost-effectiveness of an RN staff and
      a high professional standard of practice. She outlines four elements of a
      trustworthy, effective change process.

PMID- 6423789
TI  - Assessment of lead stores in children: validation of an 8-hour CaNa2EDTA
      provocative test.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour CaNa2EDTA provocative tests for the assessment of lead stores
      were successfully performed in 36 asymptomatic children with mild to moderate
      undue lead absorption (blood lead concentration less than or equal to 69
      micrograms/dl and erythrocyte protoporphyrin greater than or equal to 50
      micrograms/dl). By comparing lead excretion during the first 8 hours with that
      excreted during the entire 24-hour test, new criteria have been developed to
      define positive outcomes. We suggest that the excretion of greater than or equal
      to 200 micrograms lead per 8 hours or a ratio of urinary lead
      (micrograms)/CaNa2EDTA administered (mg) greater than or equal to 0.70 after a
      single intramuscular injection of CaNa2EDTA (500 mg/m2) can identify those
      children who will respond to chelation treatment with lead diuresis.

PMID- 6423790
TI  - Cultures of thoracotomy specimens confirm usefulness of sputum cultures in cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - Bacteriologic cultures of sputum and specimens obtained at thoracotomy from 17
      patients with cystic fibrosis were compared. All organisms found in the surgical
      specimens were found in the sputum. Only two surgical specimens failed to yield
      any organisms. The most frequently isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      (41%) and Pseudomonas cepacia (35%). Serotypes of P. aeruginosa and antibiogram
      results on both P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia further supported the concordance of
      the isolates from the two sources. In addition, anaerobic cultures were obtained
      in specimens from 10 patients with CF and revealed two patients with anaerobic
      colonization of the lower respiratory tract. These findings also correlated well
      with the sputum cultures. The correlation of sputum and lung specimen culture
      results supports the value of sputum culture in the management of lung disease in
      CF.

PMID- 6423791
TI  - Phenotypic variability in siblings with Farber disease.

PMID- 6423792
TI  - Effect of carnitine on lipid metabolism in the neonate. II. Carnitine addition to
      lipid infusion during prolonged total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The effect of carnitine administration on lipid metabolism and carnitine and
      acylcarnitine plasma values of newborn infants, given total parenteral nutrition
      for the first 7 days of life, was studied during a 4-hour infusion of Intralipid.
      An increase in plasma concentrations of total carnitine, free carnitine, and
      short-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine was found, but no significant change in
      triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol, or beta-hydroxybutyrate plasma values
      was noted, as compared with values obtained without carnitine administration.
      Moreover, the low free carnitine and short-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine
      plasma levels found in newborn infants after 7 days of total parenteral nutrition
      did not seem to impair the utilization of infused lipids. The results support the
      concept that the relation between the carnitine pool and lipid metabolism can be
      influenced by intravenous glucose infusion. Low carnitine plasma concentrations
      do not necessarily signify a depletion of body carnitine, and sufficient tissue
      carnitine concentrations can probably maintain good lipid utilization for an
      extended period.

PMID- 6423793
TI  - Valproic acid in the perinatal period: decreased maternal serum protein binding
      results in fetal accumulation and neonatal displacement of the drug and some
      metabolites.
AB  - The total concentrations of valproic acid were higher in cord serum than in the
      serum of epileptic mothers given this drug (fetal/maternal total concentration
      ratios 1.7 +/- 0.5). The maternal free fractions of VPA correlated with the fetal
      accumulation of the drug. The fetal/maternal free fraction ratios (0.47 +/- 0.24)
      correlated inversely with the fetal/maternal total concentration ratios. The free
      concentrations of VPA in fetal blood were similar to those in maternal blood.
      These results obtained in vivo were confirmed by an in vitro study in which the
      drug had been added to drug-free serum samples. The free fractions (x100) of VPA
      in the maternal serum at birth (27.3 +/- 6.3) were significantly higher than in
      the serum of adult controls (8.0 +/- 2.4) and in cord serum (11.8 +/- 1.3). The
      pattern of VPA metabolite binding in the three groups was similar to that of VPA,
      although an unsaturated metabolite (2-en) was bound to a much higher degree than
      VPA (greater than 98%). The high total drug load in the fetus was partially
      displaced from binding sites during the first few postnatal days. The free
      fractions of the drug and metabolites in the neonates were almost twice as high
      as those in the fetus at birth. The decreased protein binding of VPA in the
      mothers at birth and in the neonates during the first postnatal week was related
      to increased free fatty acid levels. VPA concentrations in mother's milk were
      much lower than the free concentrations in plasma milk/plasma ratios 0.025 +/-
      0.01). In neonates, half-lives for VPA were prolonged (43 +/- 14 hours). Our
      results indicate that increased free fatty acid concentrations in the maternal
      blood at the time of birth result in partial displacement of VPA from maternal
      binding sites, additional placental transfer, and thus fetal accumulation of the
      drug. The high drug load in the fetus is subsequently partially displaced after
      birth, resulting in increased free fractions and free concentrations of VPA in
      the neonate.

PMID- 6423796
TI  - Effect of taurine supplementation on hepatic function during short-term
      parenteral nutrition in the premature infant.
AB  - To evaluate the potential role of taurine deficiency in the pathogenesis of
      parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis, 20 premature (less than 34 weeks AGA)
      infants were randomized to receive parenteral nutrition with and without taurine
      (10.8 mg/kg/day) during the first 10 days of life. Birth weight, gestational age,
      and protein and caloric intake were similar in both groups. Plasma taurine levels
      and hepatic function were assessed before the study began (3 +/- 1 days of age),
      at 5 +/- 1 days of age, and at 9 +/- 1 days of age. Although plasma taurine
      levels were significantly greater at 5 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1 days of age (p = 0.009)
      in the group receiving supplementation, no differential effect on hepatocellular
      function could be detected during this short period of time. A decrease in plasma
      ammonia (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.036), gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) (p = 0.05), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) (p = 0.001), and
      bile salt concentrations was noted in both groups, indicating the rapid
      maturation of hepatic function even in the presence of parenteral nutrition
      during the first 10 days of life.

PMID- 6423795
TI  - Characterization of aluminum hydroxide for use as an adjuvant in parenteral
      vaccines.

PMID- 6423797
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in sick preterm infants: effects of cysteine
      supplementation with nitrogen intakes of 240 and 400 mg/kg/day.
AB  - The effects of supplementing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions with
      cysteine were assessed at two different levels of nitrogen intake by determining
      nitrogen retention, sulfate excretion, and sulfur-containing amino acid
      concentrations. Ten infants received 72 mg/kg/day of cysteine-HCl in a TPN
      solution for a period of 6 days. Five of these infants received 251 +/- 48 (mean
      +/- SD) mg/kg/day of nitrogen, and five received 403 +/- 45 mg/kg/day of
      nitrogen. Two other groups of five infants each received unsupplemented TPN at
      nitrogen intakes of 235 +/- 48 and 412 +/- 54 mg/kg/day, respectively. Fluid and
      nonprotein caloric intakes were similar for all four groups. Cysteine
      supplementation increased plasma and urine free cyst(e)ine concentrations and
      enhanced total sulfur retention, but did not enhance nitrogen retention.
      [Cyst(e)ine refers to the mixture in any proportion of the sulfhydryl (cysteine)
      and the disulfide (cystine) forms of this compound.] Nitrogen retention, sulfate
      excretion, cyst(e)ine excretion, and plasma taurine concentrations increased as
      the result of the increase in nitrogen intake.

PMID- 6423794
TI  - Role of antibody in the elimination of trypanosomes after DL-alpha
      difluoromethylornithine chemotherapy.
AB  - The drug DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase, was studied as an antitrypanosomal drug. We showed that
      an antibody response to the surface antigen of trypanosomes was necessary for
      rapid elimination of parasites after DFMO treatment, as effects of drug treatment
      were greatly reduced in immunosuppressed mice. Efficacy of the treatment also
      varied with the inherent ability of different mouse strains to mount antibody
      responses to trypanosomal surface antigen. Further, some trypanosomes were more
      resistant to the combined effects of drug and host immunity, as relapses occurred
      with certain parasite clones.

PMID- 6423800
TI  - Malnutrition and small intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 6423798
TI  - Effect of casein versus casein hydrolysate on mucosal adaptation following
      massive bowel resection in infant rats.
AB  - Little is known concerning the effects of elemental diets on bowel adaptation
      following massive resection. Fourteen of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats (40-45 g) were
      subjected to a 60% jejunoileal resection. Seven of the resected animals and seven
      sham-operated controls were then placed on a diet containing all protein in the
      form of casein hydrolysate. The remaining seven resected animals and seven sham
      operated controls were placed on a comparable diet in which all the protein was
      casein. Each control animal was paired with a resected animal. After 2 weeks,
      unidirectional glucose and leucine transport was determined from intestinal sacs
      made from the proximal 3 cm and distal 3 cm of the remaining bowel. The
      midportion was used for the determination of mucosal weight and protein and
      sucrase content. When expressed as a percent increase over control values per
      centimeter of bowel, only sucrase levels were significantly elevated in the
      distal bowel in casein hydrolysate-versus casein-fed animals. The mucosal protein
      level, mucosal weight, and glucose uptake did not differ from control values when
      expressed as a percent change. Leucine uptake was significantly decreased in
      casein hydrolysate-fed animals when compared to that in casein-fed animals in
      both the proximal and distal bowel, again when expressed as a percent change from
      the control values. The administration of protein in the form of casein
      hydrolysate following massive bowel resection does not adversely affect mucosal
      hyperplasia occurring after resection but may have an adverse effect on the
      enhancement of amino acid absorption.

PMID- 6423801
TI  - Ocular abnormalities in terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome seven.
AB  - Patients with distal deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7q have been
      reported with a variety of non-specific findings. Ocular findings have been
      limited to hypertelorism, palpebral fissure abnormalities, strabismus and
      speckled irides and no intraocular pathology with the exception of one case with
      unilateral optic nerve coloboma. We report a patient with terminal deletion of
      the long arm of chromosome 7 with marked ocular abnormalities including severe
      microphthalmus and large retinal colobomas.

PMID- 6423802
TI  - Effects of gold salts on experimental periodontitis. I. Histometric evaluation of
      periodontal destruction.
AB  - Systemic administration of gold salts for treatment of arthritis is thought to
      limit tissue destruction through alteration of inflammatory cell function. The
      present study ascertained if gold salts could modify the tissue destruction
      associated with an experimental marginal periodontitis. Therapeutic levels of
      serum gold salts were established in four squirrel monkeys (experimental) by
      intramuscular injection of Myochrisine (gold sodium thiomalate 25 mg/ml) at 5
      mg/kg/body weight at 4-day intervals for 12 days. Marginal periodontitis was then
      induced around mandibular bicuspids by tying plaque retentive ligatures at the
      gingival margins. Periodontitis was induced around corresponding teeth in four
      control animals which had not received gold salts. Serum levels of gold salts
      were maintained in experimental animals, and all animals were killed 2 weeks
      after induction of periodontitis. Progression of periodontitis was evaluated
      histometrically on step-serial sections, and the results analyzed statistically.
      Specimens from gold-receiving animals had significantly smaller areas of
      infiltrated supracrestal connective tissue, and less loss of connective tissue
      attachment and coronal alveolar bone. Quantitation of total plaque around the
      ligatures showed no differences; however, there was less plaque located apical to
      the ligatures in gold-receiving specimens. Although the study design did not
      permit identification of the relative importance of cellular or microbial
      factors, it was concluded that administration of systemic gold salts was
      associated with significantly less periodontal destruction.

PMID- 6423804
TI  - Eubacterium brachy. Reactivity in in vitro bone resorptive bioassay.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated an association of Eubacterium sp. with the
      subgingival microflora of patients with chronic periodontitis. One species,
      Eubacterium brachy, was evaluated to determine the possible mechanisms by which
      this microorganism may contribute to this disease. An extracellular antigen was
      identified in the culture supernatant which reacted with antibodies in human
      sera. This antigen was isolated by methanol precipitation and purified by gel
      filtration. The purified extracellular antigen was reacted in vitro with 45CaCl2
      labeled fetal rat bone in a bone resorptive bioassay. This antigen was shown to
      have a molecular weight of 170,000, to share a line of identity with a sonicated
      preparation of E. brachy whole cells and to result in increased 45CaCl2 release
      from fetal rat bones when cultures were exposed to the purified extracellular
      antigen at concentrations of 10 to 53 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6423803
TI  - Effects of gold salts on experimental periodontitis. II. Cell population
      characteristics.
AB  - A previous study showed that the systemic administration of soluble gold salts
      (gold sodium thiomalate) resulted in significantly less periodontal destruction
      after 2 weeks of experimentally induced periodontitis. In order to provide
      information on the possible mechanisms of action of gold salts in the
      experimental periodontitis situation, the present study analyzed and compared the
      characteristics of the inflammatory cell populations in animals receiving gold
      salts with those present in animals which had not received gold salts. Maxillary
      gingival biopsy specimens were obtained from the buccal aspect of ligatured teeth
      after 2 weeks of experimental periodontitis. Cell populations were characterized
      and enumerated, on 1-micron sections, in an epithelial and superficial connective
      tissue zone, and a deep connective tissue zone. Significantly fewer inflammatory
      cells were present in experimental (gold receiving) specimens, and this reduction
      was due primarily to fewer polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). No significant
      reduction occurred in any other inflammatory cell-type. The reduction in number
      of PMNs in experimental specimens was associated with a decreased number of
      morphologically altered, degenerating fibroblasts in the connective tissue
      compared to the PMN-dominated lesion of control specimens. Mechanisms whereby
      gold salts can reduce chemotaxis and functional capabilities of inflammatory
      cells are discussed.

PMID- 6423805
TI  - Effect of coadministration of uracil on the toxicity of tegafur.
AB  - The cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of tegafur, an anticancer agent, were
      compared with those of uracil plus tegafur (4:1 mol/mol) in mice, rats, rabbits,
      cats and dogs. Uracil plus tegafur was shown to be less toxic than the drug alone
      in all the species, and uracil was found to decrease the toxicity of tegafur.
      alpha-Fluoro-beta-alanine, a catabolic metabolite of the drug, had toxic effects
      similar to tegafur. The results suggest that administration of uracil with
      tegafur prevents the side effects of the drug on the heart and CNS by inhibiting
      the degradation of 5-fluorouracil.

PMID- 6423799
TI  - Pneumococcal meningitis following parenteral alimentation in infants.
AB  - Three young infants with protracted diarrhea and malnutrition were successfully
      treated by means of intravenous nutrition, which included infusions of fat
      emulsion (Intralipid) and of fresh frozen plasma. Three to five weeks after
      termination of intravenous feeding, and after full recovery, they developed
      pneumococcal septicemia and meningitis. One infant died, and postmortem
      examination showed diffuse deposition of "intravenous fat pigment" in hepatocytes
      and in reticuloendothelial cells. In the two infants who recovered, follow-up
      studies did not disclose any primary derangement of immunologic function. We
      propose that the infused fat may have caused a temporary depression of
      immunologic defense mechanisms, predisposing these infants to the pneumococcal
      infection; the delay in onset of the infection might be attributed to a short
      lasting protective effect of fresh frozen plasma which was included in the
      intravenous feeding regimen.

PMID- 6423806
TI  - Use of a Lactobacillus casei assay as a prescreen for potential anticancer
      agents: an update study.
AB  - Updating an earlier report, 15 known antineoplastic agents, 11 of which are
      commercially available for treatment of human cancers, were tested for growth
      inhibitory activity in a Lactobacillus casei system to determine if this
      microbial system could select them as "active." Although we previously reported
      that over 160 compounds tested in this assay were inactive, 11 of the 15 known
      antineoplastic agents tested here were inhibitory. Because of this observation
      and the advantage that the procedure is rapid and inexpensive, this
      microbiological assay is recommended for consideration as a prescreen for
      anticancer agents.

PMID- 6423807
TI  - Comparison of the effects of sulindac with other cyclooxygenase inhibitors on
      prostaglandin excretion and renal function in normal and chronic bile duct
      ligated dogs and swine.
AB  - Sulindac sulfoxide is a prodrug which must be converted to a reduced active
      metabolite, sulindac sulfide, in order to inhibit arachidonate cyclooxygenase.
      Oral administration of sulindac sulfoxide does not yield substantial amounts of
      sulindac sulfide in the urine. To determine whether sulindac sulfide inhibits
      renal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, the active form of the drug, sulindac sulfide
      (5 mg/kg i.v.), was administered to four sham-ligated dogs and four dogs with
      liver disease induced by chronic (6 weeks) common bile duct ligation (CBDL). In
      both the sham and CBDL animals the sulindac sulfide caused a 60 to 90% reduction
      in PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion rates. In the same animals,
      subsequent treatment with another cyclooxygenase inhibitor, naproxen (10 mg/kg
      i.v.), did not result in any further decrease in PGE2 or PGF2 alpha excretion but
      did decrease 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion. In the CBDL animals, sulindac sulfide
      treatment decreased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume
      and resulted in the urinary excretion of large amounts of the sulindac sulfide.
      Similar changes in PG excretion and renal function were observed in CBDL animals
      treated solely with naproxen (10 mg/kg i.v.) or with ibuprofen (20 mg/kg i.v.).
      In four normal and three CBDL animals, we determined that i.v. administration of
      the prodrug, sulindac sulfoxide (5-15 mg/kg), resulted in plasma levels of 2-5
      micrograms/ml of the active drug, sulindac sulfide, only in the CBDL animals. In
      subsequent experiments, we gave sulindac sulfoxide, 5 mg/kg i.v., to five CBDL
      dogs and three CBDL miniature swine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423808
TI  - Influence of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism and disposition of encainide
      in man.
AB  - The metabolism of the new, highly effective antiarrhythmic agent, encainide,
      appears to be polymorphically distributed in a similar fashion to the genetically
      determined oxidative biotransformation of debrisoquine. Accordingly, the
      disposition of encainide and known metabolites was investigated after
      simultaneous acute i.v. (radiolabeled) and single and multiple oral
      (nonradiolabeled) dosing to two groups of normal subjects characterized as "poor"
      (PM) and "extensive" (EM) metabolizers of debrisoquine. Pronounced differences in
      both the plasma concentration/time curves and the 24-hr urinary excretion of
      encainide and metabolites were observed between the two phenotypes. In the EM
      group, the oral bioavailability of encainide was only about 25 to 30% because of
      extensive presystemic (first-pass) metabolism, and no accumulation occurred after
      multiple oral dosing with 50 mg every 8 hr for 3 days, as the elimination half
      life of the drug was about 2.5 hr. The major metabolite formed was O
      desmethylencainide which accounted for almost half of the identified urinary
      metabolites and represented about 10% of the administered dose. This metabolite
      was present in 5- to 10-fold higher concentrations in the plasma than unchanged
      drug and accumulated almost 2-fold after multiple oral dosing. 3-Methoxy-O
      desmethylencainide also was present at higher concentrations than encainide and
      accumulated on multiple dosing similarly to O-desmethylencainide. N,O
      didesmethylencainide was a minor metabolite only detectable in the urine and N
      desmethylencainide was not measurable in either plasma or urine. In contrast, in
      the PM group, encainide plasma concentrations were 10- to 20-fold higher than in
      the EMs after both oral and i.v. administration and the elimination half-life was
      3- to 4-fold longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423809
TI  - Radioisomers of scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) as a tool for in vivo
      differentiation of various hepatic monooxygenase inducers in mice using the
      breath test technique.
AB  - The oxidative removal of two different methyl groups from scoparone by a
      cytochrome P-450-mediated reaction proceeds with greater velocity for the 6
      methyl group than for the 7-methyl group. In vivo experiments in mice were
      carried out with the two respective radioisomers [6-methyl-14C]scoparone and [7
      methyl-14C]scoparone. The consecutive administration of the scoparone to the same
      animal is followed by collecting the 14CO2 exhaled (breath test). The maximal
      exhalation rate, measured 4 min after i.p. administration of the substrates, is
      four times greater for [6-methyl-14C]scoparone than for the [7-methyl
      14C]scoparone. The total recovery of radioactivity in the whole animal (except
      skin) including the exhaled 14CO2 is 86% for [7-methyl-14C]scoparone and 84% for
      [6-methyl-14C]scoparone. Further analysis shows that the proportion of
      radioactivity found in various excretory routes is different; however, in the
      case of the poorly exhaled [7-methyl-14C]scoparone, almost twice as much
      radioactivity is found in bile and urine than for the more rapidly exhaled [6
      methyl-14C]scoparone, whereas liver and other organs show little changes.
      Pretreatment of animals with various inducers, such as phenobarbital, 3
      methylcholanthrene, warfarin and cobaltous chloride, characteristically affects
      the ratio of the two demethylations of scoparone. In the case of warfarin
      pretreatment, the ratio of the 6- to 7-demethylation is elevated to nearly 6,
      after cobaltous chloride the ratio is lowered to 2.8, whereas phenobarbital and 3
      methylcholanthrene have no effect. These results may provide possibilities of
      noninvasive in vivo recognition of the inductive state of a pretreated animal.

PMID- 6423812
TI  - Tumor-producing activity of dithranol (anthralin) and two of its 10-acyl analogs
      in the dorsal skin of female NMRI mice.
AB  - The tumor-producing activity of local applications of dithranol, 10-propionyl
      dithranol and butantrone was studied in 420 female white NMRI mice. An initiation
      with 20 micrograms of 7,12-dimethyl-benz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) was followed 2
      weeks later by three applications per week of the test compounds in 50
      microliters of acetone for 50 weeks. Several control groups receiving only
      acetone or DMBA and test compounds without DMBA were included. Dithranol and 10
      propionyl dithranol caused transient, although serious, skin irritation during
      the first 2 weeks of the treatment. Hyperplasia was a common finding in the same
      groups at the end of the treatment. Dithranol (3.5 mM) induced 11 papillomas in 8
      mice (26.7%) without DMBA and 29 papillomas in 17 mice (56.7%) with DMBA. 10
      Propionyl dithranol was tumorigenic as well: 3.5 mM caused 15 papillomas in 11
      mice (36.6%) without DMBA and 28 papillomas in 17 mice (56.7%) with DMBA and 1.5
      mM with DMBA caused 7 papillomas in 6 mice (20%). In the butantrone groups, there
      was only one single papilloma with the 1.5 mM concentration plus DMBA. It is
      concluded that, in contrast to dithranol and 10-propionyl dithranol, butantrone
      (3.5 mM) is not tumorigenic in the dorsal murine skin.

PMID- 6423810
TI  - Mechanism of action of vasopressin on prostaglandin synthesis and vascular
      function in the isolated rat kidney: effect of calcium antagonists and calmodulin
      inhibitors.
AB  - We have investigated the mechanism of action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on
      vascular tone and renal output of prostaglandins (PGs) by examining the effect of
      Ca++ depletion, Ca++ antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors in the isolated Tyrode
      perfused rat kidney. Administration of AVP (0.027-0.27 nmol) into the kidney
      produced a dose-related renal vasoconstriction and an increase in the output of
      PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable hydrolysis product of PGI2. Omission of
      Ca++ (1.8 mM) or addition of Ca++ channel blockers, diltiazem (6.0 X 10(-5) M) or
      nimodipine (4.7 X 10(-5) M), to the perfusion fluid attenuated the renal
      vasoconstriction, but not the output of PGs elicited by AVP. Infusion of
      intracellular Ca++ antagonists, Dantrium (3.1 X 10(-5) M), TMB-8 (2.3 X 10(-6) M)
      or ryanodine (2 X 10(-6) M) or calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine (2 X 10(-6)
      M) or W-7 (2 X 10(-6) M), abolished the rise in renal output of PGs produced by
      AVP during Ca++ depletion. Calmodulin inhibitors, which inhibited the AVP-induced
      release of PGs in the presence of Ca++, failed to alter the renal vasoconstrictor
      effect of the peptide. Administration of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, a selective
      antagonist of pressor actions of AVP, abolished the renal vasoconstrictor
      response and release of PGs elicited by AVP. In contrast, d(CH2)5-D-ValVAVP, an
      antagonist of antidiuretic and to a lesser extent of pressor actions of AVP,
      failed to alter the renal vasoconstrictor response but attenuated the output of
      PGs produced by AVP. AVP antagonists did not alter the effect of angiotensin II
      (0.096 nmol) to cause renal vasoconstriction and enhance PG output.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423811
TI  - Effects of a new aldose reductase inhibitor on various tissues in vitro.
AB  - A new aldose reductase inhibitor, ONO-2235 [(E)-3-carboxymethyl-5-[(2E)-methyl-3
      phenylpropenylidene] rhodanine], was found to possess a potent inhibitory
      activity of aldose reductase, partially purified from rat lens (IC50 = 1.0 X 10(
      8) M) and human placenta (IC50 = 2.6 X 10(-8) M). Against rat lens aldose
      reductase, ONO-2235 exhibited uncompetitive inhibition as previously observed
      with 7-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-carboxylic acid. Sorbitol accumulation in the
      isolated rat lenses, sciatic nerves and human erythrocytes were all effectively
      inhibited during incubation with high concentrations of glucose (28-50 mM) by ONO
      2235 at a concentration of about 10(-6) M. Because the accumulation of sorbitol
      has been reported to play an etiological role in the development of diabetic
      complications, the results suggest that ONO-2235 may prove to be useful in
      preventing and improving some diabetic complications.

PMID- 6423813
TI  - Inhibition of prostanoid-mediated platelet aggregation in vivo and in vitro by 3
      hydroxymethyl-dibenzo(b,f)thiepin 5,5-dioxide (L-640,035).
AB  - Platelet aggregation was studied in vitro with human platelets and in vivo in
      guinea pigs and rabbits. L-640,035 and its acetic acid metabolite, L-636,499,
      significantly inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid,
      collagen and a prostaglandin endoperoxide analog (U44069) but not ADP. In guinea
      pigs, circulating platelets labeled with 111indium were monitored with probes in
      the lung and abdominal regions. Platelet aggregation was indicated by an increase
      in the ratio of gamma-radiation of the lung vs. the abdominal region, as
      aggregates of platelets accumulate in the microvascular network in the lung. L
      640,035 (1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited platelet aggregation induced in this model
      by U-44069 but not by ADP. In rabbits acute thrombosis was induced in the carotid
      artery by local electrical stimulation and platelet accumulation at the stimulus
      site was quantitated using 111indium-labeled autologous platelets. L-640,035 (1
      and 3 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced electrically evoked platelet
      accumulation. It is concluded that L-640,035 is a novel and selective antagonist
      of platelet aggregation induced by thromboxane A2 or prostaglandin endoperoxides
      and that it may have utility as an antiplatelet drug.

PMID- 6423814
TI  - Interactions between cyclophosphamide and adriamycin metabolism in rats.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes under anaerobic conditions metabolize adriamycin (ADM) to 7
      deoxyadriamycinol aglycone and 7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone. The metabolism of ADM
      and the concentration of cytochrome P-450 were not affected by preincubation with
      2.76 mM cyclophosphamide. After preincubation of microsomes with 0.2 mM 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, a prodrug of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, there was
      complete denaturation of the cytochrome P-450, and 22.8% inhibition of NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase. Under these conditions, the degradation of ADM was
      delayed (area under the concentration vs. time curve in micromolar X minutes:
      15.6 +/- 2.4 for the controls, and 59.8 +/- 7.3 in the presence of 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, P less than or equal to .005), 7-deoxyadriamycin
      aglycone increased progressively to reach a plateau at 20 min instead of showing
      a peak at 2 min and the formation of 7-deoxyadriamycinol aglycone was reduced.
      Microsomes from animals pretreated with cyclophosphamide (180 mg/kg i.p. once 4
      days before sacrifice) showed a 24.0% reduction of NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase activity (P less than or equal to .02). This was accompanied by a
      decreased formation of 7-deoxyadriamycinol aglycone during the first 20 min of
      incubation (area under the concentration vs. time curve in micromolar X minutes:
      68.0 +/- 15.7 in the controls, and 25.6 +/- 3.1 in the treated animals, P less
      than or equal to .005), whereas the formation of 7-deoxyadriamycin animals, P
      less than or equal to .005), whereas the formation of 7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone
      was not affected. These data indicate an interaction between the metabolism of
      cyclophosphamide and ADM in rats.

PMID- 6423815
TI  - Antagonism of thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 by 13-azaprostanoic acid prevents
      platelet deposition to the de-endothelialized rabbit aorta in vivo.
AB  - The present study evaluated the direct involvement of thromboxane
      A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) in the process of thrombus formation at a site of
      vascular damage. De-endothelialization of the rabbit aorta was performed by a
      balloon catheter technique. Platelet deposition to the injured vessel was
      measured using 111Indium-labeled autologous platelets. Studies using the
      radiolabeled TXA2/PGH2 antagonist, 13-azaprostanoic acid (13-APA), indicated that
      13-APA has an in vivo half-life of approximately 35 min and is excreted by the
      kidney in the metabolized form. Addition of 13-APA to rabbit plasma samples in
      vitro produced a dose-dependent inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet
      aggregation. When comparable plasma levels of 13-APA were achieved by infusion of
      13-APA (300 micrograms/kg/min for 90 min), a similar dose-dependency of
      inhibition of ex vivo aggregation was observed. Furthermore, at a plasma
      concentration of 40 microM, 13-APA was found to inhibit platelet deposition to
      the de-endothelialized rabbit aorta by 45%. Because 13-APA does not interfere
      with arachidonic acid metabolism, the ability of 13-APA to suppress thrombus
      formation is presumably due to direct antagonism of TXA2/PGH2 at the platelet
      receptor level. These findings, therefore, provide evidence that TXA2 and/or PGH2
      have a major role in platelet deposition at a site of vascular damage.

PMID- 6423816
TI  - Effects of activation of sympathetic nerves on cerebral blood flow during
      hypercapnia in cats and rabbits.
AB  - Effects of unilateral and bilateral activation of sympathetic nerves on cerebral
      blood flow (c.b.f.) and cerebrovascular resistance (c.v.r.) during hypercapnia
      were compared in anaesthetized cats and awake rabbits. Sympathetic nerves
      supplying cerebral vessels were sectioned on one or both sides in anaesthetized
      cats and unanaesthetized rabbits. Cerebral blood flow was measured with 15 micron
      radioactive microspheres. In cats, c.b.f. was greater than 110 ml/min per 100 g
      during hypercapnia (PCO2 greater than 65 mmHg). Unilateral section of sympathetic
      nerves did not change c.b.f. or c.v.r. but unilateral electrical stimulation
      decreased c.b.f. by 12 +/- 3% and increased c.v.r. by 15 +/- 4%. Bilateral
      section of sympathetic nerves decreased c.v.r. by 21 +/- 7% (P less than 0.005,
      compared with unilateral section) and electrical stimulation increased c.v.r. by
      66 +/- 16% (P less than 0.005, compared with unilateral stimulation). In awake
      rabbits, c.b.f. was greater than 110 ml/min per 100 g during hypercapnia (PCO2
      greater than 50 mmHg). Unilateral sympathetic denervation did not change c.v.r.
      but bilateral denervation decreased it by 18 +/- 8% (P less than 0.08, compared
      with unilateral section; P less than 0.03, compared with intact nerves). Thus,
      reflex activation of sympathetic nerves, as well as electrical stimulation,
      increases c.v.r. during hypercapnia. In addition, effects of bilateral
      stimulation or denervation of sympathetic nerves are greater than unilateral
      effects.

PMID- 6423818
TI  - Serum glycoprotein levels in protein-calorie malnutrition.

PMID- 6423819
TI  - The effective use of diagnostic radiology.

PMID- 6423817
TI  - Effects of changes of blood pressure, respiratory acidosis and hypoxia on blood
      flow in the sciatic nerve of the rat.
AB  - Using the hydrogen clearance technique, we have measured blood flow in the
      sciatic nerves of healthy, anaesthetized rats at rest, at various arterial blood
      pressures, and during respiratory acidosis and hypoxia. The majority of hydrogen
      clearance curves were bi-exponential. The slower component appears to reflect
      nerve blood flow more accurately than either the fast component or the composite
      value obtained from both components. Mean nerve blood flow estimated from the
      slow component of the seventeen bi-exponential hydrogen clearance curves and from
      the seven mono-exponential curves was 15.8 +/- 1.1 ml min-1 100 g-1 (+/- S.E. of
      the mean). The mean value of the fast component of the bi-exponential curves was
      118 +/- 6 ml min-1 100 g-1 and that obtained from both components was 25.9 +/-
      2.6 ml min-1 100 g-1. Sciatic nerve blood flow was measured over a range of
      arterial blood pressures of 60-160 mmHG. There is a curvilinear relationship
      between pressure and flow suggesting that the nerve vascular bed responds
      passively to changes in perfusion pressure. Respiratory acidosis resulted in no
      significant change in nerve blood flow. The mean flow was 15.5 +/- 1.9 ml min-1
      100 g-1. During hypoxia, nerve blood flow decreased to 7.5 +/- 1.4 ml min-1 100 g
      1 as a result of a reduction in arterial blood pressure and an increase in
      vascular resistance. These findings suggest that normal nerve blood flow is high
      in relation to metabolic activity, especially when compared with the brain.

PMID- 6423820
TI  - Coagulopathy associated with factor VIII inhibitor. A literature review.
AB  - Coagulopathy associated with factor VIII inhibitor is a potentially serious
      medical condition that may mimic the hemostatic failure seen in hemophilia A.
      This disorder may be detected first during pregnancy or the postpartum period and
      may cause life-threatening hemorrhagic diathesis. Thirty-three cases of
      coagulopathy associated with factor VIII inhibitor in the peripartum period have
      been reported.

PMID- 6423821
TI  - Elevated 24-hour mean plasma concentration of FSH in men with cirrhosis of the
      liver.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour mean plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, testosterone,
      LH and FSH were measured in 6 men with typical alcoholic liver cirrhosis and in
      17 age-matched controls. Plasma estradiol levels were markedly elevated in the
      cirrhotic patients, as has been reported before. Plasma levels of estrone,
      testosterone and LH did not differ significantly from normal. The most striking
      finding was marked elevation of the plasma FSH level: the mean value in the
      cirrhotic group was 19.5 mIU/ml (95% confidence limits, 13-29), more than twice
      the mean control value, 9.7 mIU/ml (95% confidence limits, 7.0-13) (p less than
      0.0005). This consistent elevation of FSH in cirrhotic men may be due to a
      deficient testicular secretion of inhibin as a result of alcohol toxicity to the
      testes.

PMID- 6423823
TI  - Never mind the quality--look at the cost.

PMID- 6423822
TI  - Lithium and symptomatic hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Hyperparathyroidism with or without adenoma has occasionally been reported in
      association with lithium treatment, and in symptomatic patients depression,
      psychosis and an exacerbation of existing psychopathology may occur. Three
      lithium-treated patients with hyperparathyroidism are reported, in whom
      discontinuation of lithium in one and removal of parathyroid adenomata in two led
      to both a reduction in plasma calcium levels and an improvement in their
      psychopathology.

PMID- 6423824
TI  - Synthesis and physicochemical and neurotoxicity studies of 1-(4-substituted-2,5
      dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethane analogues of 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - In an attempt to evaluate the possible relationship between the neurotoxicity of
      6-hydroxydopamine and the redox properties and electrophilic reactivity of the 6
      hydroxydopamine-p-hydroquinone/p-quinone system, we have synthesized a series of
      6-hydroxydopamine analogues in which the C4-hydroxy group is replaced with
      various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. With the aid of
      cyclic voltammetry, the formal oxidation potentials (E degrees ') for the p
      hydroquinone/p-quinone redox couples and the rates of cyclization of the p
      quinones to the corresponding p-iminoquinones were determined. As expected,
      electron-rich p-hydroquinones were easily oxidized to the p-quinones, which
      underwent cyclization slowly, whereas the oxidation of electron-poor p
      hydroquinones required higher voltages and yielded p-quinones, which cyclized
      readily at pH 7.4. The neurotoxic potential of these compounds showed that in
      vivo destruction of noradrenergic terminals, as measured by inhibition of
      norepinephrine uptake by rat heart slices, occurred only with those analogues
      bearing electron-donating substituents. Potent neurotoxic properties were
      associated only with the 4-amino and 4-hydroxy derivatives, both of which form p
      quinones, which do not cyclize readily at pH 7.4. These results support the
      thesis that the p-quinone derived from 6-hydroxydopamine may be an important
      species in the mediation of the neurodestruction caused by 6-hydrodopamine.

PMID- 6423826
TI  - The morphological response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to azthreonam, cefoperazone,
      ceftazidime and N-formimidoyl thienamycin.
AB  - The morphological responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to N-formimidoyl
      thienamycin, azthreonam, ceftazidime and cefoperazone were studied by
      transmission electron microscopy. They were correlated with the results of viable
      counts and continuous turbidimetric monitoring. N-formimidoyl thienamycin
      initially caused the formation of abnormally shaped cells which developed into
      spheroplasts. The other antibiotics caused filamentation of the bacteria, which
      subsequently underwent lysis. The degree and mechanism of lysis varied between
      the antibiotics. Exposure to azthreonam also resulted in the deposition of
      electron-dense intracellular material. As judged by conventional minimum
      inhibitory-concentration tests, all the agents exhibited similar activity against
      the strains of P. aeruginosa tested, with ceftazidime displaying the highest
      activity. However, N-formimidoyl thienamycin caused the most extensive
      morphological damage and resulted in the most rapid fall in viable count.

PMID- 6423825
TI  - Selective media for the quantitation of bacteria in cystic fibrosis sputum.
AB  - We used selective media together with aerobic and anaerobic incubation for the
      quantitation of common pathogens in liquefied sputum from children with cystic
      fibrosis. The accuracy of the technique was verified by reconstruction studies in
      which laboratory strains with antibiotic-resistance markers were added to sputum
      from cystic fibrosis patients. Comparison of the numbers of bacteria found on
      quantitative culture of clinical specimens with the "predominant" organism found
      on routine culture yielded a poor correlation. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa was
      the most prevalent on routine culture, it was present in the highest numbers on
      quantitative culture (mean count = 10(8) cfu/g). However, large numbers of
      Haemophilus influenzae (mean count = 10(7) cfu/g), Staphylococcus aureus (mean
      count = 2 X 10(6) cfu/g), and streptococci (mean count = 2 X 10(6) cfu/g) were
      also present in these cultures. When S. aureus was the predominant organism, H.
      influenzae and P. aeruginosa were also present in similar numbers (c. 10(7)
      cfu/g). When H. influenzae was the predominant species on routine culture, the
      mean count was 7 X 10(6) cfu/g and P. aeruginosa was often completely absent. We
      conclude that the selective technique permits reliable enumeration of sputum
      bacteria, and offers a more accurate assessment of the microbial flora of sputum
      in cystic fibrosis than does simple plating of unhomogenised sputum.

PMID- 6423827
TI  - Effects of potassium-free media on ADH action in toad urinary bladder.
AB  - We studied the effects of potassium-free media on processes related to the hydro
      osmotic response of toad bladder to ADH (20 mU/ml). Exposure of bladders to
      potassium-free media did not affect base-line osmotic water flow, but it promptly
      attenuated the level of osmotic water permeability induced by ADH. Both the
      frequency of hormonally induced intra(luminal)membrane particle aggregates
      (presumed sites for transmembrane water flow) and the number of luminal membrane
      fusion events (associated with aggregate delivery from the cytoplasm) were also
      reduced. Potassium-free media had no measurable effect either on cytoplasmic
      microtubule integrity or on mean aggregate size. Potassium repletion reversed the
      inhibitory effect of potassium-free media on ADH-related osmotic water
      permeability. For bladders fully stimulated with ADH in the presence of
      potassium, subsequent bathing media depletion of potassium led to an inhibition
      of ADH-related water flow and to reductions in membrane fusion sites and
      aggregates. We confirmed that the inhibitory effect of potassium-free media on
      ADH-induced osmotic water permeability results from serosal bathing medium
      potassium depletion alone and occurs at a post-cyclic AMP site. In addition, we
      found that ADH-stimulated water permeability was attenuated in bathing media
      containing a low potassium concentration (0.5 mM). The data are consistent with
      the view that potassium-free media or media containing low levels of potassium
      inhibit ADH-enhanced osmotic water permeability in toad bladder by interfering
      with the process of or leading to membrane fusion required for the delivery of
      water-conducting structures to the luminal membrane. In addition, some of our
      results imply that aggregates may turn over during sustained ADH stimulation.

PMID- 6423828
TI  - How signal sequences maintain cleavage specificity.
AB  - The specificity of the signal sequence cleavage reaction has been postulated to
      reside in a signal peptidase active site that can bind only to particular (i, i +
      2) pairs of amino acids. In this paper, we present further patterns of non-random
      amino acid utilization in a region around in vivo cleavage sites, and show that
      they can be interpreted in terms of selection acting to reduce the number of
      potential competing sites in the vicinity of the correct one.

PMID- 6423830
TI  - Formation of 10-nanometer filaments from the 150K-dalton neurofilament protein in
      vitro.
AB  - In the present study we report self-assembly of individual neurofilament (NF)
      triplet proteins (70K, 150K, and 200K daltons) isolated by anion exchange
      chromatography from bovine spinal cord. Formation of smooth 10-nm filaments by
      both NF 150K and NF 70K is shown. Optimal conditions for NK 150K filament
      formation were incubation in 100 mM MES, 0.2 M NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM EGTA, pH
      6.5, at 37 degrees C for 24 hr. Under the same assembly conditions, NF 200K
      formed 7-nm coiled structures. These thin filaments were similar to those formed
      by NF 70K and 150K under less than optimal conditions. Our results indicate that
      NF 150K is an integral part of the filament (self-assembly of NF 70K was
      previously demonstrated by others). We suggest that the optimal conditions
      resulting in the formation of a 10-nm 200K homopolymer remain to be determined
      and that the thin coiled structures formed by all three NF proteins are
      protofilaments that coalesce to form a double helical 10-nm filament.

PMID- 6423831
TI  - Effects of lithium on [3H](-)quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H](-)QNB) binding to rat
      brain muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
AB  - Addition of lithium in vitro inhibited the binding of [3H](-)QNB to muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors of homogenates of tissue prepared from the striatum,
      cortex, and hippocampus of rat brain. Chronic in vivo exposure of rats to lithium
      in their food produced serum levels of lithium comparable to therapeutic levels.
      After in vivo exposure, the tissue homogenates prepared from these rats had an
      apparent decrease in receptor density in the three brain areas. However, if the
      tissue homogenates were washed twice, before addition to the assays, no
      differences in binding were detectable. Similar effects on unwashed and washed
      tissue homogenates can be demonstrated after in vivo exposure to lithium.
      Therefore, the apparent decrease in binding after in vivo lithium treatment is
      probably due to lithium retained in the tissue. No permanent alterations in the
      muscarinic receptor characteristics were measurable after the removal of the
      lithium. Nevertheless, in vivo interactions at muscarinic receptors may be
      important under conditions when therapeutic levels of lithium are present.

PMID- 6423833
TI  - Bacillus cereus-induced myonecrosis.
AB  - A patient with an incomplete amputation due to a crush injury to his arm
      developed a myonecrosis with Gram-positive rods noted on muscle and wound
      aspirates. The patient was treated for a probable Clostridium perfringens
      infection but culture results proved the organism to be Bacillus cereus. In light
      of the reported resistance of Bacillus cereus to penicillin, this case serves to
      emphasize the importance of expanded empiric coverage with high-dose penicillin
      and an aminoglycoside pending the return of culture and sensitivity results.

PMID- 6423832
TI  - Effect of guanidinoethane sulfonate on taurine uptake by rat retina.
AB  - Guanidinoethane sulfonate (GES) markedly decreased 3H-taurine accumulated in the
      retina by the high-affinity uptake process. The effect of GES was dose-dependent.
      Analysis of the kinetics of GES effect revealed that it is a competitive
      inhibitor. The uptake of taurine by GES was less affected in rat cerebral cortex
      slices, where the inhibition by 1 mM GES was only 28%. Taurine accumulation by
      tissues of rats treated with GES (0.1% and 1% in the drinking water) was found to
      be particularly decreased in the retina, although accumulation by heart and liver
      was also affected by the higher dose. Taurine uptake by cerebellum and cerebral
      cortex slices was unaffected by GES. Treatment of rats with GES is known to
      produce an alteration in the structure and function of the retina, but apparently
      not in other organs. We discuss whether the marked effect of GES on taurine
      transport by the retina is related to the deleterious effect of the inhibitor in
      this organ.

PMID- 6423834
TI  - Evaluation of a sponge-on therapy for canine scabies.
AB  - Forty dogs (20 treated, 20 controls) were utilized to evaluate a new treatment
      for naturally acquired canine scabies. A liquid concentrate formulation of
      amitraz was diluted and applied as a sponge-on therapy. Ninety-four percent of
      the dogs treated with the scabicide were cleared of mites and returned to
      clinical normality with a single topical treatment; one dog was retreated,
      cleared of mites and was also returned to normality. All dogs treated with the
      miticide responded clinically, therefore the treatment also may be useful when
      trial therapy is necessary to differentially diagnose the disease. The miticide
      was well tolerated by all dogs, and there was no evidence of dermal or ocular
      irritation. Topical treatment with the liquid concentrate was efficacious and
      safe as a therapy for naturally acquired canine scabies. Placebo controls did not
      improve clinically and these animals retained their mite populations.

PMID- 6423835
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolites in carrageenin-induced equine inflammatory exudate.
AB  - The presence of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in
      carrageenin-induced inflammatory exudate was investigated in ponies using two
      models. In the first model, an inflammatory response was stimulated by injecting
      carrageenin into subcutaneously implanted polypropylene tissue cages and exudates
      were collected at five predetermined times between 3 and 48 h. In the second
      model, exudates were harvested at 6, 12 and 24 h from carrageenin-impregnated
      polyester sponges which had also been inserted beneath the skin. Prostaglandin
      (PG) E2, thromboxane (TX) B2 and the stable breakdown-product of prostacyclin
      (PGI2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, in exudates were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA);
      PGE2-like and PGF2 alpha-like activities were bioassayed following an acid-lipid
      extraction technique which provided a recovery rate of 78%. Agreement between RIA
      and bioassay was within acceptable limits. In Model 1, using RIA, mean PGE2
      concentration reached 197 ng X ml-1 at 12 h decreasing to less than 12 ng X ml-1
      at 24 h. Mean TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were highest at 48 h (22.3 and
      34.2 ng X ml-1, respectively) after considerable fluctuations and with wide
      standard errors prior to this time. In the sponge model, however, PGE2 levels
      were surprisingly low for each group (mean 12.8 ng X ml-1 at 12 h) and TXB2 and 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha were similarly lower (means of 3.3 and 8.1 ng X ml-1 respectively
      at 12 h). Mean total leucocyte counts and total protein concentrations were
      increased in both models after carrageenin stimulus. PGF2 alpha was not detected
      in measurable quantities in any exudate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423829
TI  - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: report of a case with pulmonary involvement and
      recurrent pneumococcal sepsis after pneumococcal vaccination.
AB  - A patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia who presented with pleuropulmonary
      manifestations is described. The course was complicated by recurrent
      Streptococcus pneumoniae infections despite pneumococcal immunization.

PMID- 6423836
TI  - Murine resistance to street rabies virus: genetic analysis by testing second
      backcross progeny and verification of allelic resistance genes in SJL/J and CBA/J
      mice.
AB  - Intraperitoneal challenge with street rabies virus of second-backcross offspring
      produced from susceptible females mated with either randomly selected or rabies
      resistant first-backcross males indicated that murine resistance is under the
      influence of the concurrent presence of each of two segregating genes.
      Furthermore, the greater than or equal to 96% resistance of offspring produced
      from (SJL X CBA)F1 and (CBA X SJL)F1 hybrids crossed to susceptible A.SW or
      A/WySn mice demonstrated that resistance genes of SJL/J and CBA/J mice are
      allelic.

PMID- 6423837
TI  - Immunological and genomic analyses of two serotypes of avian paramyxovirus
      isolated from wild ducks in Japan.
AB  - A total of 11 avian paramyxoviruses isolated from migrating feral ducks in
      Niigata, Japan, were characterized by serological and genomic analyses.
      Hemagglutination inhibition and immuno-double-diffusion tests with antisera
      specific for the isolated hemagglutinin-neuraminidase polypeptides of reference
      strains indicated that, of these, eight isolates possessed hemagglutinin
      neuraminidase antigen closely related to that of duck/Hong Kong/D3/75, and the
      remaining three isolates possessed antigen closely related to that of duck/Hong
      Kong/199/77. RNA analysis of the eight isolates identified serologically as
      duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 by oligonucleotide mapping revealed that these isolates were
      genetically very similar to each other but different from the reference strain
      and isolates reported previously. The oligonucleotide maps of duck/Hong
      Kong/199/77-like isolates appeared to be very similar to each other, suggesting
      the same origin, but not to the duck/Hong Kong/199/77 virus.

PMID- 6423838
TI  - Laser photoradiation in urologic surgery.

PMID- 6423839
TI  - Absorption of doxorubicin-hydrochloride and mitomycin-C after instillation into
      noninfected and infected bladders of dogs.
AB  - The described investigations were carried out in order to determine the degree of
      absorption of doxorubicin, and mitomycin-C after intravesical instillation into
      noninfected or Staphylococcus aureus-infected bladders in beagle dogs. The drug
      concentrations in the bladder wall were determined using diffusion chambers with
      permeable membranes. Two hours after end of instillation of 10 mg. doxorubicin, a
      concentration of 1.4 ng. per ml. was measured in the bladder wall of noninfected
      animals, and 3.75 ng. per ml. in that of infected animals (p less than 0.05). The
      simultaneously measured serum concentration reached mean peak levels after 30
      minutes. The concentrations in infected animals were 3 times higher (1.9 ng. per
      ml.) than in noninfected animals (0.6 ng. per ml.) (p less than 0.05). After
      instillation of 1 mg. per kg. bw. mitomycin-C the concentration in both groups of
      animals was below 0.06 micrograms per ml. Doxorubicin concentrations were
      determined with a radioimmunoassay and mitomycin-C with a micro-agar diffusion
      method.

PMID- 6423840
TI  - Radiation therapy versus delayed androgen deprivation for stage C carcinoma of
      the prostate.
AB  - Seventy-three patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who were believed to have
      disease limited to the pelvis without evidence of node or bone extension were
      assigned randomly to either full-field pelvic radiation (40) or delayed hormonal
      therapy (33). The interval to first evidence of treatment failure was used as the
      end point of the study. Failures occurred in 13 patients who received radiation
      therapy and 11 who received delayed hormonal therapy. No difference in disease
      response could be identified between the 2 treatment groups.

PMID- 6423841
TI  - The use of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate to prevent cyclophosphamide
      cystitis.
AB  - In 2 patients receiving bone marrow transplantation sodium 2-mercaptoethane
      sulfonate has proved efficacious in preventing the serious problem of
      cyclophosphamide cystitis by regional detoxification of acrolein. We detail the
      first use of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate in the United States. We are
      cautiously enthusiastic and optimistic that the simultaneous administration of
      sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate and cyclophosphamide will decrease if not
      eliminate cyclophosphamide-induced carcinoma.

PMID- 6423843
TI  - Transplanted nitroglycerin disk.

PMID- 6423842
TI  - A methodology for the characterization of urinary glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - This study presents a method for the isolation and identification of urinary
      glycosaminoglycans. Aliquots of 24-hour urine specimens are ultrafiltered through
      a Biogel filtration column to obtain the macromolecular fractions. These
      fractions are then subjected to electrophoretic, enzymatic and chemical analyses
      to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the glycosaminoglycans
      contained. The methodology presented is intended to be used in subsequent studies
      where data can be analyzed and determinations can be made concerning the
      character of glycosaminoglycans in the urine of stone formers and non-stone
      formers.

PMID- 6423844
TI  - Inadvertent transbronchial insertion of narrow-bore feeding tubes into the
      pleural space.
AB  - Four patients had soft, narrow-bore feeding tubes passed transbronchially into
      the pleural space. Guide wires were used to aid passage and may have contributed
      to this complication. The errant positioning of the tube was first noted
      roentgenographically in each case. Alternate methods of inserting such tubes in
      patients with altered airway and swallowing reflexes may be needed. Radiographic
      confirmation of the tube's position is essential before starting tube feedings.

PMID- 6423845
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis.

PMID- 6423846
TI  - Clinical evaluation of 'Tenormin' (Atenolol) in hypertension.

PMID- 6423847
TI  - A simple design of a pediatric chest stand.

PMID- 6423848
TI  - A study of hypertension in hospital.

PMID- 6423850
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 6423849
TI  - Ammonia intoxication in hepatic coma.

PMID- 6423851
TI  - Clinical and diagnostic aspects of duodenal ulcer in Karachi.

PMID- 6423852
TI  - Comparative trial of cimetidine 400 mg (BID) and 1G (QID) conducted at Mayo
      Hospital, Lahore.

PMID- 6423853
TI  - Cimetidine in treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6423854
TI  - Effect of antacids on the dissolution behaviour of methacycline and doxycycline.

PMID- 6423855
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance medical imaging.

PMID- 6423856
TI  - The effect of disopyramide phosphate on ventricular fibrillation threshold of
      normal and ischemic ventricles.
AB  - The effect of disopyramide phosphate (DP) infusion (1 mg/Kg and 2 mg/Kg BW) on
      ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was studied in anesthetized dogs. In the
      1 mg/Kg group, the VFT increased 47% above the control level immediately after
      infusion. In the 2 mg/Kg group, a delayed increase in VFT was observed after the
      initial period and VFT was not correlated with the plasma concentration of DP.
      This phenomenon was abolished by pretreatment with methacholine. These results
      suggested an anticholinergic action of DP on the VFT. In the ischemic dogs
      produced by acute coronary occlusion, DP prevented a decrease in VFT.

PMID- 6423857
TI  - [Central nervous system irradiation for children with leukemia].
AB  - Between 1972 and 1981, 247 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were
      treated with prophylactic CNS irradiation. Cranial irradiation (2400 rad) plus
      intrathecal methotrexate was the prophylactic CNS therapy of choice. At 5 years,
      the overall, relapse-free and CNS relapse-free survival rates were 51%, 47% and
      79%, respectively. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the
      inferior border of the radiation field, since the anterior and middle cranial
      fossae were sometimes not included and the second spine was almost always
      excluded.

PMID- 6423858
TI  - [LH-RH analog in hypermenorrhea with severe thrombocytopenia].

PMID- 6423860
TI  - [A case of chronic cold agglutinin disease followed by lymphoproliferative
      disease with IgM monoclonal gammopathy].

PMID- 6423859
TI  - [Pernicious anemia associated with monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (IgG
      lambda)].

PMID- 6423861
TI  - [A case with an inhibitor against factor VIII activity after the second
      postpartum].

PMID- 6423862
TI  - [A case report of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with specific skin lesion].

PMID- 6423864
TI  - [Radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 6423863
TI  - [An autopsy case of mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia accompanied by hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 6423865
TI  - [Plasma cells and pathology of plasmacytoma].

PMID- 6423866
TI  - Phase II study of orally and rectally administered Tegafur in liver metastases
      from gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty-four eligible and evaluable patients with measurable liver metastases from
      gastric cancer were treated with oral or rectal Tegafur. Objective responses were
      seen in 8 of the patients (33.3%), lasting between 1.5 and 15 months. The median
      survival period was 10 months for the responders and 2.6 months for non
      responders. No complete response was observed. The survival of responders was
      significantly longer than that of non-responders (p less than 0.01). Toxicity was
      mild and consisted principally of gastrointestinal and hematological side
      effects. No central nervous system toxicity was seen.

PMID- 6423867
TI  - Malignant peripheral nerve tumors: a clinicopathological and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Sixteen cases of malignant peripheral nerve tumors that were recorded in the
      files of the Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo,
      between 1972-July 1983 were studied clinicopathologically. The patients' ages
      ranged from 24-51 years, and both sexes were affected equally. Histologically, in
      13 cases of nerve sheath tumors the tumors were spindle-cell type, two of these
      patients had manifestation of multiple neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's
      disease). One malignant epithelioid schwannoma was found to arise from the tibial
      nerve. Other two cases were of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (primary
      malignant peripheral neuroblastoma) which showed rosette formation. The common
      primary symptoms in all patients were a noticeable mass which increased in size
      over a variable period of time, with or without associated pain and tenderness.
      Ultrastructural findings of spindle-cell type (in 7 tumors examined) and
      epithelioid type (1 tumor) showed evidence of Schwann cell differentiation of the
      tumors in all cases. Immunohistochemically, by the PAP method (Sternberger),
      staining for S-100 protein was positive in 3 of 14 tumors. Ultrastructural
      findings in two S-100 protein-positive cases showed evidence of Schwann cell
      differentiation better than the S-100 protein-negative cases, such as pronounced
      interdigitation of cytoplasmic processes, presence of fibrous long-spacing
      collagen and well-developed basal lamina. Local recurrence occurred in nine
      patients, and metastasis was found in five. The total 5-year survival rate was
      58.5%. Tumors associated with multiple neurofibromatosis and primary peripheral
      neuroblastomas had the worst prognosis. Complete removal of the tumor by means of
      wide excision as primary treatment seemed to be the most important factor in
      decreasing the morbidity and mortality rates.

PMID- 6423868
TI  - [Pathophysiology of platelet anomalies and its analysis. (4). Abnormality of the
      platelet function in von Willebrand's disease].

PMID- 6423869
TI  - [Immunochemical and chemical properties of IgG3-K type M-protein reacting with
      agar gel].

PMID- 6423870
TI  - Effects of Levamisole in adjuvant immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer; a
      prospective randomized controlled study.
AB  - The effectiveness of Levamisole combined with Mitomycin-C, FT-207 and PS-K for
      treating gastric cancer was investigated in a prospective randomized controlled
      study. All patients had undergone gastrectomy during the years from August 1977
      to November 1980. Five year survival rates revealed no difference between groups
      given or not given Levamisole. In those with positive lymph node metastases plus
      obvious serosal invasion, there was a significant elevation in the survival rate
      at four years after gastrectomy. The effectiveness of Levamisole was confirmed by
      postoperative changes in the PPD skin test, lymphocyte blastogenesis to PHA and
      serum inhibition index.

PMID- 6423871
TI  - Clinical evaluation of prolonged chemotherapy combined with induction of hepatic
      drug-metabolizing enzymes as an adjuvant for treating patients with gastric
      cancer.
AB  - A clinical trial of a protracted adjuvant cancer chemotherapy was carried out on
      207 patients with operable gastric cancer, from April, 1977, in the First
      Department of Surgery, Chiba University Hospital and two closely related
      hospitals. These patients were given intravenously 0.4 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg of
      mitomycin C on the day of operation and the next day, respectively, and then 16
      mg/kg intravenously of Futraful (FT-207) daily from the 10th postoperative day
      until discharge, followed by oral administration of FT-207, 12 mg/kg, for 24 to
      36 months after discharge. Two mg/kg of phenobarbital and 30 mg/kg of glutathione
      were administered randomly to half the number of patients (induction group) to
      induce hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Significantly higher levels of serum 5
      Fluorouracil (5-FU) released from FT-207 were found in the induction group than
      in the controls. Five-year overall survival rates in the induction and control
      groups revealed no difference. However, the survival rates in Stage III patients
      in the induction group were significantly superior in the 3-5 postoperative
      years, compared to those in the Stage III of the control group, while Stage I, II
      and IV patients apparently received no benefit from this induction treatment.

PMID- 6423872
TI  - In vitro soft agar assay by use of multiple for screening of tumor sensitivity to
      anticancer drugs.
AB  - For use in routine clinical studies, modifications in Hamburger's stem cell assay
      were made. A multiple with 24 wells made feasible, handling of a large number of
      samples. The addition of anticancer drugs to the bottom layer of agar led to
      avoidance of exposure to drugs before cell plating and evaluation of the effect
      of long-acting drugs such as 5-fluorouracil. Storage of the test plate including
      anticancer drugs in a freezer at -70 degrees C showed no loss of the colony
      forming activity. This method is simple, reliable and readily facilitated.

PMID- 6423874
TI  - Diagnosis related groups: effects on nursing.

PMID- 6423873
TI  - Toxicological and pharmacological studies on magnesium deficiency in rats:
      histamine-metabolizing enzymes in some tissues of magnesium-deficient rats.

PMID- 6423875
TI  - [Combined effect of minocycline with antitubercular agents on Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis: in vitro study].

PMID- 6423876
TI  - Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in children with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Delayed puberty in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) may be due to
      gonadal dysfunction, increased plasma binding of gonadal hormones, or changes of
      the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Plasma androgens were studied in 17 prepubertal
      boys with preterminal CRF. In addition, the response of luteinizing and follicle
      stimulating hormones (LH, FSH) to luteinizing-releasing hormone (LHRH) was
      followed in the plasma of these boys and of 12 prepubertal girls with CRF. Plasma
      testosterone (T) was significantly lower in the CRF boys than it was in the
      controls (mean, 9 vs. 22 ng/ml) and concerned also the free T fraction (2.5% in
      both groups). Dihydro-T was similarly reduced in CRF, resulting in a normal T/DHT
      ratio. Basal plasma LH levels were significantly elevated in boys (1.0 vs. 0.5
      ng/ml) and in girls with CRF (1.4 vs. 0.4 ng/ml), whereas mean basal FSH values
      were similar to controls. After LHRH administration, peak levels of LH and FSH
      were not different in CRF and control children; however, the absolute differences
      from basal to peak values were lower in CRF. These findings may indicate that
      Leydig cell dysfunction in CRF already occurs before the onset of puberty. The
      blunted LH and FSH responses to LHRH suggest an additional disturbance at the
      hypothalamo-pituitary level.

PMID- 6423877
TI  - Experimental observations on peritoneal transport in rabbits.
AB  - Peritoneal transfer kinetics of substances differing in molecular size and
      lipophilic properties were studied in anuric adult rabbits with ligated ureters.
      In conscious animals, the dialysate/plasma concentration ratios of creatinine
      (Cr) and inulin (In) rose exponentially up to 200 min of dwelling. Peritoneal CIn
      was 0.24 ml/min/kg, and CCr was 0.10 ml/min/kg of body wt. The transfer rate for
      dipropyl acetic acid (VPA) was higher than for its more lipophilic analogue
      dibutyl acetic acid (DBA); the apparent equilibrium of the dialysate/plasma
      concentration ratio for VPA was 0.3 to 0.6 and 0.15 to 0.20 for DBA.
      Correspondingly, the peritoneal CVPA was higher (0.08 to 0.16 ml/min/kg) than
      CDBA (0.04 to 0.05 ml/min/kg); peritoneal clearances were 8% vs. 1.5% of the
      plasma clearances. The addition of nitroglycerin, dopamine, isoprenalin,
      fenoterol, and nitroprusside sodium to the dialysate did not increase
      significantly the peritoneal CCr and CIn during 30-min cycles. In conclusion, the
      peritoneal transport kinetics of creatinine, inulin, and protein are
      qualitatively similar to clinical data, but of different magnitude. The
      efficiency of peritoneal dialysis depends on the lipophilic characteristics of
      the substance to be transferred. The vasoactive drugs studied seem not to be
      promising for increasing the efficiency of peritoneal transport.

PMID- 6423878
TI  - [Treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues using carbon
      dioxide lasers in ambulatory care].

PMID- 6423879
TI  - [Use of CO2 laser in the removal of brain tumors].

PMID- 6423880
TI  - [8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as wide-spectrum chemotherapeutic agents].

PMID- 6423881
TI  - Experimental testicular cancer containing primarily squamous cell carcinoma--a
      comparative investigation of a rat ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6423882
TI  - [Manifestations of epileptic seizures].

PMID- 6423883
TI  - [Disease origin (etiology and pathogenesis) and diagnosis of epilepsy].

PMID- 6423884
TI  - [History of nursing from 1930-1950. Report of a seminar in the German
      Professional Nursing Society's education center in Essen].

PMID- 6423885
TI  - [Where are psychology and empathy in nursing personnel?].

PMID- 6423886
TI  - [Our concept in the hospital of adult patients with epilepsy--from my viewpoint
      as ward nurse].

PMID- 6423887
TI  - [My life with epilepsy].

PMID- 6423888
TI  - [The child with seizures in the hospital].

PMID- 6423889
TI  - [Possibilities for information and counseling of the stricken].

PMID- 6423890
TI  - [Classical venereal diseases. Gonorrhea. II].

PMID- 6423891
TI  - Control of human lymphocyte proliferation by soluble factors.

PMID- 6423892
TI  - Effect of contamination of foods by Aspergillus flavus on the nutritive value of
      protein.

PMID- 6423893
TI  - Chemical and biological assay procedures for lysine in fish meals.

PMID- 6423894
TI  - Rejection of established mouse pancreatic islet allografts by active immunization
      requires class I (H-2 K, D) antigen disparities.
AB  - In certain donor-recipient mouse strain combinations with class I (H-2 K, D, and
      K + D) or with classes I and II (H-2 D + I) disparities the incidence of islet
      allograft rejection is low. Furthermore pancreatic islet allografts transplanted
      between strains with class II (H-2 Ia) differences alone are rarely acutely
      rejected. In this experiment the ability of donor strain or third-party
      allogeneic splenocytes (active immunization) to induce rejection of established
      (greater than 100 days) islet allografts when the donor and recipient differed
      only for class I or class II antigens was tested. Class I disparate islet
      allografts are rejected if challenged with donor or third-party allogeneic
      splenocytes. The frequency of rejection is similar (80-89%) if the third-party
      splenocytes share the class I allele with the islet donor strain. In contrast,
      class II disparate islet allografts are not rejected after challenge with donor
      splenocytes or third-party splenocytes even when the third-party strain shares
      the class II disparity with the islet donor strain as well as class I antigens
      common to the donor and recipient. Furthermore, rejection of class II disparate
      islets did not occur following passive transfer of recipient strain splenocytes
      sensitized in vitro to donor strain lymphocytes. These results show that
      rejection of established islet allografts can only be induced if (1) the islet
      graft expresses H-2 K or H-2 D gene products that are different than the
      recipient strain, i.e., only class I antigens can serve as targets; and (2)
      challenging splenocytes also have class I disparities with the recipient.

PMID- 6423895
TI  - Preparation of autoxidized cholesterol mixtures from [4-14C] cholesterol and
      cholesteryl fatty acid esters.
AB  - Autoxidation of non-esterified cholesterol, in the solid state, at 100 degrees C,
      is known to be a relatively slow reaction. The presence of carefully chosen
      cholesteryl esters considerably increases the ratio of autoxidation. Using this
      method, mixtures of autoxidized free cholesterol (oxycholesterol) labelled on
      carbon 4 can be obtained almost quantitatively, in the presence of benzoyl
      peroxide. The ratio of [4-14C] ester produced by transesterification at the end
      of the reaction is about 10%.

PMID- 6423896
TI  - Effects of surgery and epidural or general anaesthesia on testosterone, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol plasma levels in prepubertal boys.
AB  - Testosterone (T), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P) and cortisol (F) plasma levels
      have been measured in two groups of prepubertal boys before and during surgery
      under general anaesthesia (Group 1) and epidural anaesthesia (Group 2)
      respectively. The mean plasma levels of T, 17P and F increased significantly (P
      less than 0.05; P less than 0.001; P less than 0.005, respectively) during
      surgery in Group 1; in Group 2 the plasma levels of T and F did not show any
      significant variation, whereas 17P significantly increased (P less than 0.05).
      However the mean level reached by 17P in Group 2 was significantly lower (P less
      than 0.005) than that observed in Group 1. No significant variation of LH and FSH
      plasma levels was observed in either group. Our report suggests that the
      modifications of T and 17P plasma levels observed during surgery under general
      anaesthesia (GA) are probably due to the stress induced adrenal response. This
      response can be inhibited or reduced by epidural anaesthesia (EA).

PMID- 6423897
TI  - Influence of new hydroxylated triphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives on estradiol
      binding to uterine cytosol.
AB  - Twelve homologous triphenyl acrylonitrile derivatives with a p-OH or p-CH3 group
      on one or more of the phenyl rings were synthesized in order to assess the
      relative influence of each position on binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) and
      on inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase (PGS). Their relative binding
      affinities (RBAs) for [3H]estradiol (E2)-labeled ER were compared at 0 and 25
      degrees C in mouse and rat uterus cytosol with those of tamoxifen derivatives,
      cyclofenil and diethylstilbestrol. RBAs in both species were closely correlated
      (r = 0.92) although the RBAs were about twice as high in the mouse as in the rat.
      The unsubstituted skeleton had an RBA of much less than 0.1 (estradiol = 100). An
      OH-group in R1 or R2 (Fig. 1) engendered very low affinity whereas an OH-group in
      R gave rise to a compound with an RBA equivalent to that of E2, emphasizing the
      importance of this position in the interaction with ER. Compounds with an
      additional OH-group in R1 or R2 were significantly better competitors than E2. No
      further increase in RBA was noted with the trihydroxy derivative. The effect of
      the introduction of a hydrophobic CH3-group decreased affinity as expected in R,
      but also in position R1 unless a second OH-group was present in R2. None of the
      12 test-compounds competed significantly for binding to the "anti-estrogen
      binding site" in rat kidney supernatant. Although polar groups were not necessary
      for inhibition of PGS, inhibition was enhanced by the presence of a hydroxy group
      in R or R1 (but not R2). Even greater inhibition was obtained by the further
      introduction of a CH3-group in R1 or R respectively. The conformations of these
      derivatives are compared to those of known estrogen ligands and anti-inflammatory
      agents in order to obtain further information on these protein recognition sites.

PMID- 6423898
TI  - Influence of corticosteroids on prolactin release from anterior pituitary cell
      aggregates cultured in serum-free medium. Differential effects on dopamine
      induced inhibition, post-dopamine rebound and stimulation by TRH, vasoactive
      intestinal peptide (VIP), angiotensin II and isoproterenol.
AB  - Dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells were allowed to reassociate into spherical
      aggregates by gyrotory shaking in serum-free chemically defined culture medium.
      When aggregates were superfused after being cultured for 5 days in this medium,
      stimulation of PRL release by TRH, VIP, angiotensin II and the beta-adrenergic
      agonist isoproterenol was comparable to that of aggregates cultured in serum
      supplemented culture medium. Addition to the serum-free medium of 80 nM
      dexamethasone (Dex) resulted in a significant enhancement of the stimulation of
      PRL release by TRH, VIP and angiotensin II but not of the stimulation of PRL
      release by isoproterenol. Dex also failed to influence the inhibition of PRL
      release by 10 min exposure to 10 nM dopamine (DA). However, Dex significantly
      enhanced the post-DA rebound secretion of PRL. After 3 weeks in culture Dex
      provoked a similar potentiation of the response to angiotensin as at 5 days in
      culture but it abolished almost completely the stimulatory effect of
      isoproterenol. It is concluded that pituitary cell aggregates cultured in defined
      serum-free medium are a reliable system to study the multifactorial control of
      PRL release. The data show that peptidergic, dopaminergic and beta-adrenergic
      control at the pituitary level is differentially modulated by corticosteroids.

PMID- 6423899
TI  - Effects of hysterectomy and uterine extracts on the endocrine system of adult,
      nonpregnant rats.
AB  - Plasma concentration and anterior pituitary content of growth hormone (rGH),
      thyroid stimulating hormone (rTSH), prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone
      (rFSH), luteinizing hormone (rLH) as well as the plasma concentrations of
      triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), corticosterone and immunoreactive
      somatomedin A (SM-A) have been determined in intact, ovariectomized or ovo
      hysterectomized rats with and without treatment with steroid-free uterine
      extracts. The endocrine organs were weighed. Two weeks after hysterectomy the
      body weight was decreased, the weight of adrenals was increased, the plasma GH
      concentrations increased and the plasma TSH and T3 concentrations were decreased
      compared to the sham operated controls. Treatment with steroid-free uterine
      extracts had opposite effects; furthermore, a reduction of pituitary FSH, GH and
      prolactin content was observed. Plasma immunoreactive SM-A concentrations were
      not significantly influenced by this treatment, but there was a positive
      correlation between the body weight and SM-A and a negative correlation between
      the plasma GH and plasma SM-A concentrations regarding the individual values of
      hysterectomized, uterine-extract-treated and ovariectomized animals. The results
      suggests that uterine factors can influence the synthesis and release of several
      hormones and the weight of some endocrine organs in adult, nonpregnant rats.

PMID- 6423900
TI  - Paramethasone acetate (PA): corticosteroid potency vs hypothalamic pituitary
      gonadal axis.
AB  - Because paramethasone acetate (PA) suppresses basal and midcycle LH surge and
      blocks estrogen synthesis in the female, its possible effect upon testicular
      physiology was evaluated in 13 healthy men by measuring the circulating levels of
      FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT),
      androstenedione (A), estradiol (E2) and cortisol (C) every 4 h throughout the
      day, before (control) and after PA (6 mg/d/7 d). The total concentrations of each
      hormone, as well as the PA-induced suppressibility (measured as percent decrease
      in the mean 24 h plasma level) were analyzed. PA suppressed neither the basal nor
      circadian rhythm of T and had no effect on LH, FSH or PRL output. DHT, A, E2 were
      significantly reduced and the basal concentrations and circadian variations of C
      were abolished. PA showed a dual control on the pituitary gonadal axis and while
      causing a maximal suppressed adrenocortical activity it had no interference in
      testosterone synthesis.

PMID- 6423901
TI  - Effects of membrane-active compounds on dexamethasone binding to the
      glucocorticoid receptor in intact cells.
AB  - In intact rat hepatoma (HTC) cells, the binding of dexamethasone to the
      glucocorticoid receptor is inhibited by the calcium ionophore A23187. This effect
      involves both nuclear-bound and cytoplasmic receptor. Indirect evidence suggests
      that the inhibition requires intracellular calcium stores. Exposure of the cells
      to concanavalin A also inhibits dexamethasone binding. Based on earlier work in
      cell-free systems, it is proposed that membrane-active agents could modulate
      glucocorticoid hormone action at the receptor level through fluctuations in
      intracellular free calcium.

PMID- 6423902
TI  - Effects of calcium on the chick oviduct progesterone receptor.
AB  - The chick oviduct cytosol progesterone receptor can be transformed to a small
      form (Rs = 21A, S20,w:2.9) denoted "mero-receptor" by incubation in the presence
      of Ca2+ [8]. In the molybdate-free cytosol all the progestin binding components
      could be completely transformed to mero-form by 1 h treatment with 100 mM Ca2+ at
      0 degrees C. If EDTA was secondarily added, the ligand was rapidly released. If
      molybdate (20 mM) containing cytosol was incubated with Ca2+, no radioactivity
      was found in the meroposition on the Agarose A 0.5 m column, but the bound
      steroid sedimented at 2.9 S in sucrose gradients containing Ca2+ (and no
      molybdate). When 20 nM molybdate was added to cytosol containing receptor
      activated by 0.3 M KCl, complete mero-transformation by Ca2+ was obtained also by
      the gel filtration criterion, indicating that molybdate does not inhibit the mero
      transforming factor. Ligand-free progesterone receptor could also be completely
      converted to mero-form by endogenous cytosolic transforming factor and calcium.
      The transforming factor was completely inactivated, when cytosol was run through
      Agarose A 0.5 m gel. Mero-transformation was found to be irreversible. The
      purified progesterone receptor subunit 110 K (B) was partially converted to
      smaller forms by calcium alone (100 mM, 0 degrees C, 1 h) whereas addition of a
      small amount of cytosol allowed complete conversion to mero-form.

PMID- 6423903
TI  - Augmentation of aromatase activity by FSH in ovaries of fetal and neonatal mice
      in organ culture.
AB  - The stimulative effect of FSH on aromatase activity was investigated in ovaries
      of fetal (on days 17 and 18 of gestation) and neonatal mice (on days 0, 3, 6 and
      9 after birth). Two to six ovaries, were cultured for 48 h in 2 ml of Medium 199
      supplemented with insulin (5 micrograms/ml) and [1 alpha, 2 alpha, 6 alpha, 7
      alpha, beta-3H]4-androstene-3,17-dione (0.35 microM) in the presence or absence
      of porcine FSH (0.5 units/ml) and the amount of [3H]oestradiol-17 beta and
      [3H]oestrone produced was estimated. In the presence of FSH, aromatase activity
      per ovary, which was found in all fetal and neonatal ovaries examined, increased
      with age. In the absence of FSH, however, the production of oestrogens could be
      demonstrated only in ovaries from 3- to 9-day old mice. FSH increased the
      aromatase activity by up to 10-fold. In spite of the stimulative effect of FSH on
      aromatase activity, FSH exerted no significant effect on DNA synthesis of the
      ovaries. The formation of primordial follicles could not be observed
      histologically in ovaries of fetal mice on day 17 of gestation, although the
      ovaries of 6- and 9-day old mice contained multilayered follicles. These results
      show that FSH stimulates the aromatase activity of the mouse ovary even before
      the formation of primordial follicles and that the stimulative effect of FSH on
      ovarian aromatase is not due to the proliferation of ovarian cells.

PMID- 6423904
TI  - [Effects of the acute and chronic administration of clobazam on plasma prolactin
      and gonadotrophins in the male rat].
AB  - The effects of the acute or chronic administration of clobazam (20 mg/kg per os)
      on the plasma levels of the main anterior pituitary hormones (prolactin, FSH and
      LH) were studied in the male rat. This 1,5 benzodiazepine did not induce any
      modification of the hormones levels either after acute or chronic administration.
      These negative data are discussed as compared to the effects of other
      benzodiazepines or GABA and GABAmimetic drugs on the pituitary hormones levels
      according to particular experimental conditions.

PMID- 6423905
TI  - Postsynaptic striatal dopamine agonist or antagonist actions of (+) or (-) 3-PPP
      and modification after receptor deafferentation.
AB  - The effects of the (+) and (-) enantiomers of 3-PPP on striatal postsynaptic
      dopaminergic (DAergic) receptors were studied using two rotation behaviour models
      in the rat. After unilateral deafferentation of the striatum by injection of 6
      hydroxydopamine into the nigrostriatal DAergic tract and the development of
      hypersensitivity, apomorphine (0.025 mg/kg s.c.) and each of the enantiomers of 3
      PPP (0.5-10 mg/kg s.c.) caused marked postural asymmetry and contralateral
      rotations by preferential stimulation of the DAergic receptors of the lesioned
      side. These rotations were antagonised by haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg i.p.). After
      unilateral inactivation of the nigrostriatal loop by extensive electrolytic
      lesion of the substantia nigra, apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) and (+)3-PPP (25 and
      50 mg/kg s.c.) caused ipsilateral rotations by stimulation of the striatal
      DAergic receptors on the intact side. By contrast (-)3-PPP (2-50 mg/kg i.p.) did
      not cause rotations and furthermore partially or completely opposed the action of
      apomorphine. These studies showed that (-)3-PPP has either an antagonistic or an
      agonistic action on the postsynaptic DAergic receptors or the striatum,
      respectively afferentiated or deafferentiated. Like apomorphine (+)3-PPP has a
      DAergic agonistic action under both circumstances.

PMID- 6423907
TI  - [New approach in the treatment of prostatic cancer: combined use of a LHRH
      agonist and an androgen antagonist].
AB  - Following the studies of Huggins and colleagues in 1941, the hormonal treatment
      of prostatic cancer has been aimed at neutralizing the influence of testicular
      androgens through surgical castration or the administration of high doses of
      estrogens. These two approaches cause a temporary improvement in 60 to 70% of
      advanced prostatic cancer. However, castration is not always well accepted and
      high doses of estrogens are frequently accompanied by lethal cardiovascular side
      effects. Following our observation that treatment with LHRH agonists causes a
      blockage in the biosynthesis of testosterone by the testis accompanied by a
      marked reduction in prostatic weight in the rat, the possibility was opened for a
      new approach in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Fortunately, among all species
      studied, man is the most sensitive to the inhibitory effect of LHRH agonists on
      testicular androgen biosynthesis and near-medical castration can be easily
      achieved without secondary effects other than those related to low androgen
      levels. Following long-term studies in the rat which have shown that the
      inhibitory effect of LHRH agonists is markedly potentiated by simultaneous
      administration of a pure antiandrogen, a study using the LHRH agonist [D
      Ser(TBU)6, des-Gly-NH2(10)] LHRH ethylamide (HOE-766) and the pure antiandrogen
      RU-23908 was performed in men with advanced prostatic cancer. The combined
      treatment with the LHRH agonist and the antiandrogen in 37 patients not
      previously treated caused a positive objective response in 97% of cases while,
      previously, partial hormonal treatment achieved through castration or high doses
      of estrogens caused a positive response in 60 to 70% of patients. The serum
      levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were decreased to 40% of control as
      early as four days after starting combined hormonal therapy. By contrast, in
      patients previously treated with estrogens or castrated, complete neutralization
      of adrenal androgens by the antiandrogen led to a much lower rate of positive
      response ranging from 25 to 55%. In patients previously treated, there is thus a
      predominance of tumor cells insensitive to androgens. An additional important
      finding in this study is that the administration of the antiandrogen prevents the
      flare-up of the disease frequently observed when LHRH agonists are administered
      alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6423906
TI  - [Aggregation of macrophages by a human lymphokine (MAgF). Role of the eicosanoid
      system].
AB  - Peritoneal exudate cells aggregate when exposed to the lymphokine Macrophage
      Aggregating Factor (MAgF). The role of prostaglandins in the aggregation of these
      cells has been investigated with a quantitative assay. Results are discussed in
      the context of the mode of action of the migration inhibiting factor (MIF) and of
      the other non immune aggregating stimuli such as C5a and fMLP. Prostaglandins E1,
      E2, and F2 alpha alone did not cause aggregation of macrophages but partially
      inhibited the MAgF aggregation of macrophages and this effect was not different
      from the one obtained with MAgF. MAgF, calcium ionophore A23187 and arachidonic
      acid induced aggregation were blocked by 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid, an
      inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, by indomethacin (10(-4), 10(-6) M) by
      corticosteroids (dexamethazone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone) but not by
      aspirin (10(-2), 10(-4) M) nor by phenylbutazone (10(-4), 10(-5) M). These
      results suggest a causal relationship between MAgF induced macrophage aggregation
      and that due to other stimuli with respect to the derivatives of arachidonic
      acid. The lipoxygenase pathways metabolites stimulate aggregation whereas the
      cyclo-oxygenase pathways metabolites inhibit it.

PMID- 6423908
TI  - A theory for the mechanism of polar filament extrusion in the Microspora.
AB  - A theory is presented which can explain the interaction of the major factors
      known to influence in vitro extrusion of the microsporidian polar filament. It is
      proposed that the pH, and concentration and species of cation in the external
      medium influence the activity of carboxylic ionophore molecules in spore
      membranes in the following manner: (1) Alkaline environmental conditions
      establish a proton gradient across the spore plasma membrane, and facilitate the
      activation of ionophore molecules in this membrane. (2) This proton gradient
      drives an ionophorically-mediated cation/proton exchange across the plasma
      membrane. (3) As protons are lost from the sporoplasm its alkalinity increases,
      so that ionophore molecules in organelle membranes (i.e. in the polaroplast and
      posterior vacuole) are activated. This initiates a cation/proton exchange between
      sporoplasm and organelles. (4) Continued movement of cations into organelles in
      the spore causes major osmotic imbalance across spore membranes. This leads to a
      rapid inflow of water into the spore and swelling of the polaroplast and
      posterior vacuole. The associated pressure increase in the spore causes the
      explosive discharge of the polar filament through the polar cap. This model is
      used to explain previously published results from the literature, and methods of
      testing predictions generated by this hypothesis are outlined.

PMID- 6423909
TI  - A rationale for administering leukocyte endogenous mediator to protein
      malnourished, hospitalized patients.
AB  - Leukocyte endogenous mediator is a low molecular-weight protein synthesized by
      circulating monocytes and fixed macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system.
      Exogenous administration of leukocyte endogenous mediator to a well-nourished
      animal stimulates both specific and nonspecific immune function and replicates
      the protein metabolic response to infection, characterized by fever and increased
      amino acid oxidation, skeletal protein degradation and synthesis of "acute-phase"
      proteins. Leukocyte endogenous mediator administration also affords protection
      against semi-lethal doses of bacteremia in the well-nourished animal. In the
      protein-depleted host, synthesis or release of leukocyte endogenous mediator in
      response to infection appears to be reduced and the attenuated metabolic response
      may be attributed, in part, to a deficit in its production. However, nutritional
      repletion of the malnourished patient results in restoration of the capacity to
      produce leukocyte endogenous mediator usually within three to seven days, if
      adequate dietary protein is provided. Since protein malnutrition is associated
      with increased incidence and severity of bacterial infections, we postulate that
      the reduced synthesis and/or release of leukocyte endogenous mediator in protein
      malnutrition is detrimental. In those critically-ill, malnourished patients who
      cannot endogenously synthesize leukocyte endogenous mediator, and for clinical
      reasons cannot be repleted rapidly or are already infected and/or undergoing
      operative stress, exogenous administration of leukocyte endogenous mediator
      should be considered along with nutritional support. Administration of this
      protein to a seriously-ill malnourished individual should produce a metabolic
      profile of fever, increased urinary nitrogen excretion and falls in serum albumin
      concentrations that are generally considered pathologic. However, administration
      of leukocyte endogenous mediator over short periods of time should also provide
      the anabolic impetus for the augmented synthesis of proteins beneficial to
      recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6423910
TI  - The mechanism of meiotic homologue pairing.
AB  - Homologous chromosome pairing involves the moving together of matching
      chromosomes or chromosome segments across substantial distances within a nucleus.
      Although the time in the life cycle of initial association of homologues varies
      among organisms, it may well be that similar underlying mechanisms for its
      occurrence prevail throughout sexually reproducing eukaryotes. The means by which
      pairing its accomplished is in no case understood. In the apparent absence of a
      long range specific force of attraction, simple partial models have been proposed
      which relay for the most part upon interactions of chromosome ends (telomeres)
      with specialized portions of the nuclear envelope. While such interactions, as
      well as the persistence of chromosome orientation established by mitotic anaphase
      poleward movement of centromere regions, may provide in many cases for closer
      than random positioning of some parts of homologues, the distances remaining to
      be traversed are still long range in physical-chemical terms. Also, the specific
      pairing observed in some kinds of rearranged segments is not facilitated by such
      circumstances, even if synapsis is initiated at available homologous telomere
      pairs and proceeds to completion by a "zip-up" process. A unified, more complex
      model is considered which is designed to accommodate the various relevant
      findings. It invokes the interaction of intranuclear structures with intercalary
      and/or terminal chromosomal pairing sites, e.g. filamentous structures which
      specifically bind to these, and a contractile system involving proteins such as
      actin and myosin to draw homologues together.

PMID- 6423911
TI  - Metabolic studies in chest trauma.
AB  - By means of a volumetric respirometer, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide
      production were measured in 15 patients with chest trauma who required mechanical
      ventilation. From the primary measurements, respiratory quotient, daily energy
      balance, and cumulative energy balance were calculated. There was a moderate
      increase in metabolic rate, which generally returned to normal during the first
      week after trauma. A late increase in oxygen consumption was associated with
      sepsis, large energy deficit, and death in three patients. Carbon dioxide
      overload caused by excessive feeding caused difficulty in weaning three patients
      from the ventilator. Measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide
      production is helpful in the management of patients with chest trauma and
      respiratory failure.

PMID- 6423912
TI  - Elective cardiac operation in a patient with severe hemophilia and acquired
      factor VIII antibodies.
AB  - This paper describes a successful cardiac operation in a young boy with
      hemophilia, congenital heart disease, severe factor VIII deficiency, and an
      acquired high titer antibody to factor VIII. To our knowledge, there have been no
      published cases of elective cardiac operations in a person with severe hemophilia
      and an accompanying complex problem. Utilizing the team approach, we administered
      a megadose bolus of factor VIII concentrate preoperatively (eight times the
      calculated dose), followed by a continuous intravenous infusion at 500 units/hr
      throughout the procedure and at a reduced dose for the first 5 postoperative
      days. With the anamnestic rise in factor VIII antibody on day 5, activated
      prothrombin complex concentrates were substituted for factor VIII and provided
      continued adequate hemostasis during the remaining 9 postoperative days. The
      rapid infusion of large quantities of factor VIII was effective in neutralizing
      the low titer inhibitor and providing normal hemostasis during the procedure. In
      addition, activated prothrombin complex concentrates were substituted for factor
      VIII coagulant without recurrent bleeding or thromboembolic phenomena.

PMID- 6423913
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with hepatitis. Definition of the disease].

PMID- 6423915
TI  - [65-year-old male with hepatosplenomegaly].

PMID- 6423916
TI  - Radiologic contrast-induced nephropathy.
AB  - Contrast nephropathy is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired renal
      insufficiency. While its exact pathogenesis is unclear, patients with existing
      renal disease are now known to be at increased risk for developing this
      complication. Identification of these patients by determination of serum
      creatinine levels may enable avoidance of contrast exposure or initiation of
      suitable therapy to minimize this complication if exposure to contrast is
      unavoidable.

PMID- 6423917
TI  - [Microbiological analysis of experimental burn wounds in swine during treatment
      with silver sulfadiazine].

PMID- 6423918
TI  - [Blood vessel wall regeneration in the use of a new monofilament, resorbable
      suture material for arterial anastomoses].
AB  - A new synthetic, absorbable suture has been tested on 15 mongrel dogs. A total of
      132 simple end-to-end anastomoses has been performed in common carotid, iliac and
      femoral arteries and the aorta abdominalis with monofilament, absorbable
      polydioxanon. Aneurysms or infections did not occur. The patency rate up to 250
      days was 98.5%. All vessels were studied by angiography and light- or electron
      microscopy. The new monofilament suture material is characterized by extended
      absorption time and low foreign body reaction. It leads more rapidly to the
      restitution of the vascular wall than nonabsorbable sutures.

PMID- 6423919
TI  - [Acoustic trauma--new viewpoints in therapy].
AB  - The therapy results of inhalation of carbon dioxide (oxycarbon) together with the
      infusion therapy (Dextran, a.s.o.) carried out on 63 patients having acute
      acoustic trauma are presented and discussed. These results are superior to the
      results obtained by carbon dioxide therapy only or by infusion therapy only.

PMID- 6423920
TI  - Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) stimulates
      growth hormone secretion in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (hpGRF) elevated the
      plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) in young and adult domestic fowl.
      This in vivo effect of hpGRF appeared to be largely similar for both the 32 amino
      acid (hpGRF 1-32) or 40 amino-acid (hpGRF 1-40) polypeptide, although the effect
      of hpGRF 1-32 was more prolonged than that of hpGRF 1-40 in adult domestic fowl.
      The increase in plasma GH concentrations following hpGRF administration (10
      micrograms/kg) was somewhat greater in young than adult chickens (the increase in
      plasma concentration of GH being 230 ng/ml at 1 week old, 282 ng/ml at 6 week
      old, 241 ng/ml at 10 weeks and 150 ng/ml in adults). In the adult domestic fowl
      hpGRF stimulated a greater increase in the plasma concentration of GH than did
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). However in the young chicks TRH was more
      active. The in vitro release of GH from dispersed chicken pituitary cells was
      elevated by hpGRF (1-32) and hpGRF (1-40).

PMID- 6423921
TI  - Effect of electroconvulsive shock on the content of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      in rat brain.
AB  - Five grand-mal seizures were electrically induced in rats on alternate days.
      Forty-eight hours following the last seizure, TRH was quantitated in extracts of
      anterior cortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus plus midbrain, and hypothalamus.
      When compared to sham treated controls, TRH was found to be elevated 5-fold in
      the hippocampus and 2-fold in the striatum with no changes observed in the
      remaining regions. Since the time chosen for analysis excludes acute post-ictal
      effects, these results draw attention to a prolonged alteration of TRH levels in
      specific brain regions in an animal model of electroconvulsive treatment.

PMID- 6423922
TI  - Changes in prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis and their catabolic enzyme
      activity in kidneys of aging rats.
AB  - The effects of aging on the prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis and
      prostaglandin catabolic enzyme activity in rat kidney were investigated. The
      prostacyclin biosynthesis, using arachidonic acid as substrate, was the greatest
      in young kidneys (2 months old) and then progressively decreased in mature (12
      months old) and old (24 months old) kidneys, while thromboxane biosynthetic
      activity showed no significant change as a function of age. When prostaglandin H2
      was used as substrate, the prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis showed
      similar results as when arachidonic acid was used as substrate; the prostacyclin
      biosynthesis progressively decreased and thromboxane biosynthesis showed no
      significant change as a function of age. The fatty acid cyclooxygenase in kidney
      was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. No significant change in renal fatty
      acid cyclooxygenase as a function of age was found. Thus, we concluded that the
      progressive decrease in renal prostacyclin biosynthesis as a function of age is
      due to a defect in prostacyclin synthetase in aged kidneys. The prostaglandin
      catabolic enzyme, NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, in
      kidneys was also investigated. The enzyme activity progressively decreased as a
      function of age, which suggested a decrease in the metabolism of thromboxane A2
      in aged kidneys. The present results, indicating a decrease in renal prostacyclin
      biosynthesis and renal 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity with aging,
      might contribute to a plausible explanation of the progressive decrease in renal
      functions in the elderly.

PMID- 6423923
TI  - The role of calcium in the regulation of prostacyclin synthesis by porcine aortic
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Both bradykinin (EC50 = 8 ng/ml) and the ionophore A23187 (EC50 = 3 X 10(-7) M)
      potently stimulated arachidonate release and prostaglandin synthesis in porcine
      aortic endothelial cells. The response to each was completely dependent on
      extracellular Ca2+ (EC50 = 3 X 10(-7) M); no role for intracellular Ca2+ was
      noted. The rapid Ca2+ influx prompted by either activator was consistent with the
      time course for arachidonate release. Whereas the arachidonate released in
      response to bradykinin was transient, that released in response to A23187 was
      more prolonged, and paralleled a continued influx of Ca2+. Ca2+ entry elicited by
      bradykinin was mediated by channels which could not be blocked by verapamil. When
      Mn2+ was substituted for Ca2+, no stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis was seen
      in response to A23187; however, the bradykinin response was unaffected. The
      mechanism of these effects was studied using doses of bradykinin or A23187 which
      resulted in increases in Ca2+ influx and prostacyclin synthesis of similar
      magnitude for each agonist. Under these conditions, trifluoperazine blocked
      elevated prostacyclin synthesis (ID50 = 5-6 X 10(-6) M for each agonist).
      Trifluoperazine sulfoxide, however, was much less active. Pimozide inhibited
      bradykinin-stimulated prostacyclin synthesis at low doses (ID50 = 3 X 10(-6) M).
      Trifluoperazine was much less effective against high doses of A23187 (4 X 10(-6)
      M). These data suggest that arachidonate release and prostacyclin synthesis are
      dependent on influx of extracellular calcium and subsequent activation of a Ca2+
      dependent phospholipase by a calmodulin-mediated mechanism.

PMID- 6423924
TI  - Dyspnea in exercise.
AB  - Extensive psychophysical experiments have established that the sense of
      respiratory effort bears a power function relationship to the force generated by
      respiratory muscles and the frequency and duration of their contraction, and an
      inverse relationship to respiratory muscle strength. Using this information an
      approach to the assessment of dyspnea is developed which has several components.
      First, the response to exercise, in terms of the metabolic and gas exchange
      demands is established. Second, the ventilatory responses are analyzed in terms
      of total ventilation, the pattern of breathing (tidal volume and breathing
      frequency), and the timing of breathing (inspiratory and expiratory times).
      Third, the exercise measurements are considered in relation to the elastic and
      resistive components of the respiratory system that impede volume and flow, as
      reflected in measurements of static lung volume and the flow:volume
      characteristic. Finally, measurement of the maximum inspiratory pressure against
      an occluded airway reflects respiratory muscle strength. Dyspnea, the sensation
      of increased respiratory effort, is usually due to a combination of abnormalities
      -increased metabolic demand, increased ventilatory response, increased impedance
      to breathing, and reduced respiratory muscle power. Management of abnormality in
      each of these components is distinctly separate.

PMID- 6423925
TI  - Sleep loss and the sympathoadrenal response to exercise.
AB  - To determine whether sleep is necessary for the peripheral sympathetic nervous
      system response to exercise, we compared eight subjects' sympathoadrenal
      responses to treadmill walking at a constant exercise rate eliciting a heart rate
      around 160 beats X min-1 after normal sleep with those measured after a 50-h
      sleepless period. We found that sleeplessness left the sympathetic response to
      exercise intact. After 12 min of exercise, heart rate and plasma norepinephrine,
      epinephrine, and dopamine levels were similar in both situations. In addition, we
      could find no other alterations in the physiological response to exercise after
      sleep loss, and minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, blood lactate levels, and
      rectal and skin temperatures were identical in the two conditions. Nevertheless,
      despite both unaltered physiological responses to exercise and doubled monetary
      incentives to perform, sleep loss reduced time to exhaustion by 20% (P less than
      0.01). We concluded that sleep loss does not diminish the peripheral sympathetic
      nervous system response to exercise, although it reduces exercise tolerance
      through mechanisms that are unexplained as yet.

PMID- 6423926
TI  - [Use of thioctic acid for prevention of the adverse effects induced by
      benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas' infection].

PMID- 6423927
TI  - Information integration in price-quality tradeoffs: the effect of missing
      information.

PMID- 6423928
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase activity in isolated osteoclasts.
AB  - Osteoclasts were isolated from the long bones of chicks by a nylon mesh filtering
      system. The cell purity, in terms of area of the slide occupied, was on the
      average 77.5% osteoclasts, 22% aggregated osteoblasts and matrix debris, and 1.5%
      individual blood and marrow cells. Viability, as measured by cytochalasin
      blockable phagocytosis, of up to 99% was obtained. Electron microscopic
      examination revealed good retention of ultrastructural features. The presence of
      carbonic anhydrase and acid phosphatase in osteoclasts was verified by selective
      staining methods; the aggregates were positive for alkaline phosphatase. Carbonic
      anhydrase activity was 0.89 +/- 0.13 X 10(-4) micro Wilbur-Anderson units per
      osteoclast, and red blood cells had 0.12 +/- 0.03 X 10(-4) units/cell. Neither
      calcitonin nor parathyroid hormone influenced the activity of carbonic anhydrase.
      A review of other hormonal effects on carbonic anhydrase is provided.

PMID- 6423930
TI  - Circadian growth hormone and prolactin blood concentration during a self-limited
      viral infection and artificial hyperthermia in man.
AB  - Growth hormone and prolactin blood concentrations were measured in five human
      volunteers over 28-hour periods including 24 hourly samples (0800 to 0800 hours)
      followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (0800 to 1100 hours) both preexposure
      and during the peak febrile phase of a self-limited viral infection, Sandfly
      fever. Several months after recovery, three of the subjects were studied for 24
      hour periods while they sat in a tub of water at 41 degrees C for 2 hours from
      1300 to 1500 hours. During all studies, mealtimes (0800 hours, 1130 hours, 1630
      hours) and dark phase (2300 to 700 hours) were fixed. Growth-hormone
      concentrations were strikingly elevated throughout the 24-hour study done during
      the febrile period of Sandfly fever infection (P less than .01) except for the
      period of normal nocturnal release when they were not significantly different
      from the baseline study. No additional nocturnal surge was noted the already
      elevated growth-hormone values during the viral-induced fever. Growth-hormone
      values tended to decline slowly during the night but increased considerably
      during the glucose-tolerance test the following morning. These changes were
      similar to responses previously reported in patients with cases of malnutrition.
      A clear-cut increase in growth-hormone concentrations (P less than .001) was also
      seen during a brief 2-hour period of artificial hyperthermia, suggesting that
      elevated body temperature alone may explain part of the increase in growth
      hormone values seen during the fever of infection. A nocturnal surge of growth
      hormone was still seen in the artificial hyperthermia study, albeit somewhat
      delayed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6423929
TI  - Long-term calcitonin therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Results are presented from a 2-year controlled study evaluating the efficacy of
      100 units synthetic salmon calcitonin/d in the treatment of postmenopausal
      osteoporosis. All patients received 400 units D2 po qd and 1200 mg CaCO3 po qd.
      The 21 control and 24 treated patients (mean age 65) were not statistically
      different at baseline. Although mean total body calcium (TBCa) was not
      significantly different between treated and control patients throughout the
      study, mean differences in the change in TBCa from baseline (treated minus
      control) were significant at 12, 18, and 26 months. The mean slope of TBCa for
      treated patients, but not for controls, was significantly positive through 18
      months. Iliac crest bone biopsies showed (1) a significantly greater percent
      total bone area in treated compared to control patients at 2 years, and (2) a
      significantly decreased percent resorbing surface in treated patients when
      evaluated by paired difference from baseline. At 4 months, serum calcium values
      were significantly lower in treated patients than in controls (mean difference,
      treated minus controls), but were not statistically different from controls at
      study completion. Urine calcium increased significantly for the first 4 months in
      treated subjects and then declined to baseline levels. Since urinary calcium
      increased, the increase in TBCa was probably associated with an increase in net
      intestinal calcium absorption.

PMID- 6423931
TI  - Possible genotoxicity of melanin synthesis intermediates: tyrosinase reaction
      products interact with DNA in vitro.
AB  - The actual cellular target of the cytotoxic intermediates of melanin synthesis is
      not yet known. In the present paper it is shown that eukaryotic DNA binds in
      vitro to soluble reaction products of tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) and is physically
      modified, as ascertained by the following criteria: (a) buoyant density in cesium
      chloride density gradients; (b) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (c)
      deoxyribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.5) test; (d) electron microscopy. The results
      reported here support the view that DNA itself may be a target for the cytotoxic
      intermediates of melanin synthesis.

PMID- 6423932
TI  - Revised locations of the hisI and pru (proline utilization) genes on the
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome map.
AB  - The location of genes in the vicinity of the major FP2 origin on the chromosome
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO has been revised. The markers hisI (a transduction
      group of histidine biosynthetic genes) and pru (a gene cluster encoding proline
      utilization functions) were located in the 90 to 95/0 min chromosome region by a
      series of plate matings mediated by R68.45. Three-factor-crosses using this
      plasmid established the following marker order: pur-67 pru hisI/cys-59 proB
      ilvB/C. Genetic evidence is presented to confirm the previous observations that
      FP2 can mobilize the chromosome from at least two origins near proB and in both
      directions. Thus, when markers in this chromosome region are analyzed by FP2
      crosses only, the mapping data may be difficult to interpret. This complication
      can be overcome by the use of R68.45 and Tfr (transposon-facilitated
      recombination) or Hfr donors.

PMID- 6423933
TI  - Arginine degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants blocked in two arginine
      catabolic pathways.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants defective in agmatine utilization (agu) were
      isolated. The genes encoding agmatine deiminase (aguA) and N-carbamoylputrescine
      amidinohydrolase (aguB) were 98% cotransducible and mapped between gpu and ser-3
      in the 30 min region of the chromosome. Constructed agu arc double mutants
      (blocked in the arginine decarboxylase and arginine deiminase pathways) used
      arginine efficiently as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. This suggests the
      existence of a further arginine catabolic pathway in P. aeruginosa. The mapping
      data of this study confirm that in P. aeruginosa the chromosomal genes with
      catabolic functions do not show supraoperonic clustering as found in P. putida.

PMID- 6423934
TI  - Involvement of single-strand breaks in complex formation between single-stranded
      DNA and nucleoids of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - RNase-unfolded chromosomes of competent Bacillus subtilis are able to take up
      single-stranded homologous donor DNA fragments in vitro to form donor-recipient
      DNA complexes (Van Randen and Venema 1981). The unfolded chromosomes behave as
      supercoiled DNA molecules. X-irradiation increased the formation of unstable and
      stable complexes between donor and recipient DNA during incubation at 37 degrees
      C. The complex-forming ability of the unfolded chromosomes increased linearly
      with increasing X-ray dose, even after complete relaxation of the unfolded
      chromosomes had occurred. Limited DNase I action increased the complex-forming
      ability of the chromosomes as effectively as X-irradiation. Unstable donor
      recipient DNA complexes can be distinguished from stable ones by their
      dissociation upon density gradient centrifugation in CsCl at pH 11.2. They are
      stable at pH 10 (Van Randen et al. 1982a). At an intermediate pH value during
      isopycnic centrifugation, a fraction of the unstable complexes were stable,
      suggesting that a range of stabilities existed among the unstable complexes. The
      donor moiety of the stable donor-recipient DNA complexes was far more resistant
      to nuclease S1 treatment than that of the unstable ones.

PMID- 6423936
TI  - A DNA excision repair system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The removal of pyrimidine dimers from deoxyribonucleic acid of ultraviolet
      irradiated cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae can not be readily ascertained by
      using radioactively labeled thymidine precursors. However, by adapting the
      alkaline agarose gel technique of Achey et al. (Photochem Photobiol 29, 305-310,
      1979), it was possible to demonstrate that this human pathogen does possess an
      active excision repair system that functions on pyrimidine dimers.

PMID- 6423935
TI  - Evidence for rifampicin-promoted readthrough of a fully rho-dependent
      transcriptional terminator.
AB  - We have previously presented evidence that rifampicin promotes readthrough of
      various transcriptional terminators in vivo. This conclusion was based on
      measurements of galactokinase or beta-galactosidase synthesis in Escherichia coli
      strains, harbouring plasmids having the terminators fused upstream of galK or
      lacZ respectively. The terminators tested did not include any known example of a
      fully rho-dependent signal. We now show that the drug does stimulate
      galactokinase production when galK is fused downstream of such a terminator: the
      first rightward terminator of lambda. We also show that the nusA1 host mutation
      affects neither termination nor the drug response at this site.

PMID- 6423937
TI  - Spore differentiation in a clinical strain of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
AB  - Spore differentiation and, in particular, arthrosporogenesis in a clinical strain
      of T. mentagrophytes was investigated using a variety of methods and by altering
      environmental conditions. Results are discussed with reference to the in vivo
      situation. Arthrospores were obtained in the presence of increased CO2 tension
      but not increased N2 tension. High humidity was necessary for arthrospore
      formation but maturity (i.e. crops of single spores) was associated with
      conditions of reduced humidity. Desiccation reduced arthrospore viability.
      Glucose and peptone based media were suitable for arthrospore formation.
      Arthrospores were produced at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C, but 30 degrees C is
      preferred since chlamydospores were prevalent at 37 degrees C. Conditions for
      production of arthrospore, microconidial and mycelial suspensions are presented.

PMID- 6423938
TI  - The preparation and use of fluorescent-protein conjugates for microvascular
      research.
AB  - A procedure is described for making large quantities (100 ml) of fluorochrome
      labeled albumin. Chromatographic techniques are described for the purification of
      commercial albumin (BSA) and the purification of albumin from serum. We report
      experimentally determined optimal conditions for the covalent attachment of
      fluorescent dyes (rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) and fluorescein isothiocyanate
      (FITC] to albumin. Subsequent removal of all unreacted fluorescent material (UFM)
      was achieved using charcoal adsorption. We observed no loss of protein following
      charcoal treatment. The final protein conjugate was analyzed by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The conjugates
      were determined to be free of UFM and homogeneous with respect to molecular
      weight. However, FITC conjugation lowered the average isoelectric point of
      albumin by 0.1 to 0.3 pH units. Illustrations of combining fluorescence
      microscopy with FITC-BSA and RITC-BSA to view microvascular phenomena in skeletal
      muscle and the heart are given. Knowledge of the biochemical characteristics of
      the fluorochrome employed is important for proper interpretation of experimental
      results using this technique.

PMID- 6423939
TI  - [Taxonomic position of the lysine producer Brevibacterium flavum].
AB  - Brevibacterium flavum 22 and 22L producing lysine and glutamic acid should be
      reclassified as Corynebacterium glutamicum on the basis of their chemotaxonomic
      characteristics: the IV type of the cell wall, corynomycolic acids C32--C34,
      57.8% of GC in DNA.

PMID- 6423940
TI  - [Pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urinary tract].

PMID- 6423941
TI  - [Studies on Pseudomonas aeruginosa typing in Turkey].
AB  - Several investigators has been found the serotypes of Ps. aeruginosa in Turkey by
      comparing with Habs, Sandvik, Veron, Meitert and Homma's serotypes. Habs's 0 : 3,
      0 : 7, 0 : 11, Veron's 0 : 2b, Meitert's 0 : 15 0 : 13, 0 : 4, 0 : 5, Homma's 0 :
      15, 0 : 2, 0 : 7, 0 : 13, 0 : 16 Serotypes found to be majority of the serotypes
      of the Ps aeruginosa in these researches. Meitert's phage set has been used in
      the bacteriophage typing of Ps. aeruginosa. Ia phage type found to be predominant
      phage type in Turkey. In addition to that pyocin types of Ps. aeruginosa was fund
      by using active pyocin typing method, pyocin types 3, 5, 27 were in majority in
      these investigations.

PMID- 6423942
TI  - Model of visual focussing involving extraocular muscles and the causes of myopia
      and glaucoma.
AB  - The classical model of visual focus has increased curvature of the lens for
      accommodation and flattening of the lens for far vision, with both determined by
      ciliary muscle tension. This new model proposes that change in the focal length
      is a second modulator of acuity. This model also proposes that the extraocular
      muscles are the more important neuromuscular entities for both lens and focal
      length changes. At accommodation there would be relaxation of the recti muscles
      and contraction of the superior oblique muscle. This increases focal length while
      allowing the ciliary muscle ring to contract, releasing tension on the lens
      capsule. Far object focus is due to contraction of the recti muscles. These pull
      on the sclera, stretching the zonule fibers taut to give flattening tension of
      the lens capsule. The myopic eye, in addition to a highly curved lens, also has
      longer focal length and is misaligned in the orbit. Ageing glaucoma is
      hypothesized as due to: 1. excessive curvature of an ageing lens; 2. chronic
      contraction of the recti in compensatory effort to flatten the lens and shorten
      the focal length; 3. the overcontracted recti pull to excess, stretching the
      inner tissue and distorting the Schlemm canal and its access mesh area to inhibit
      efflux of aqueous fluid.

PMID- 6423943
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of abdominal hydatid disease. Difficulties in the radiological
      and scintillographic localization of cysts.
AB  - A diagnosis of hydatid disease was established by the arc 5 double diffusion
      (DD5) test in two persons who had no symptoms, of whom one had had prior surgery
      for this parasitic infection. The location of some cysts which were removed
      surgically from these patients could not be determined in preoperative
      radiological and scintillographic studies. Postoperative serological monitoring
      by DD5 showed that one of these patients, though without symptoms, was harbouring
      an additional cyst. Abdominal x-rays showed no abnormalities, a partially
      calcified 2.7 cm cyst was detected in the right lobe of the liver by computerized
      axial tomography.

PMID- 6423944
TI  - [Short bowel syndrome. Conservative treatment of a case in pediatric age].

PMID- 6423946
TI  - Annual summary 1982. Reported morbidity & mortality in the United States.

PMID- 6423945
TI  - [Disinfection of the dental instrumentarium. The hypothesis of its
      rationalization].

PMID- 6423947
TI  - Systemic allergic reactions following immunization with human diploid cell rabies
      vaccine.

PMID- 6423948
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6423949
TI  - Sulfur dioxide exposure in Portland cement plants.

PMID- 6423950
TI  - Salmonella dublin and raw milk consumption--California.

PMID- 6423951
TI  - Unusual syndrome with fatalities among premature infants: association with a new
      intravenous vitamin E product.

PMID- 6423952
TI  - Ectopic pregnancies--United States, 1979-1980.

PMID- 6423953
TI  - Dengue--Mexico, 1983.

PMID- 6423954
TI  - Influenza--United States.

PMID- 6423955
TI  - Leading work-related diseases and injuries--United States.

PMID- 6423956
TI  - A system to convert ICD diagnostic codes for alcohol research.

PMID- 6423958
TI  - Alcohol and violent death--Erie County, New York, 1973-1983.

PMID- 6423957
TI  - Update: respiratory virus surveillance--United States, 1984.

PMID- 6423959
TI  - Shigellosis among tourists--Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1983.

PMID- 6423960
TI  - Thialysine utilization by a lysine-requiring Escherichia coli mutant.
AB  - Thialysine cannot completely substitute lysine as growth factor for a lysine
      requiring E. coli mutant. However it can be utilized for growth in the presence
      of limiting amounts of lysine, in substitution of, and in competition with this
      latter. The effects of thialysine on growth rate, protein synthesis rate and cell
      viability, and its incorporation into proteins were studied in function of lysine
      and thialysine concentration in the culture media. Up to 60% of protein lysine
      substitution by thialysine is observed, without appreciable effects on cell
      viability.

PMID- 6423961
TI  - A convener role for the cnxH gene specified component in the NADPH-nitrate
      reductase fron Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - The role of the cnxH+ gene specified polypeptide in the formation and function of
      the NADPH-nitrate reductase in Aspergillus nidulans was examined with the use of
      two complementing mutant strains which were grown as forced heterocaryons in the
      presence of nitrate. The niaD-421 structural gene mutant and the cnxH-318 co
      factor gene mutant produce two components of the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase co
      activity which can be distinguished by their enzymatic and physical behavior.
      This combination enabled us to isolate the de novo synthesis of niaD+ gene
      specified protomers from the constitutively formed co-factor at two stages of
      development. The proportion of induced and constitutively formed protomers in the
      isolated holoenzyme was measured after pulsing with [3H]-histidine or [14C]
      histidine prior to induction with nitrate. The newly formed nitrate reductase was
      resolved by agarose gel electrofocusing and activity staining. In vivo assembly
      of a 7.8s enzyme in the heterocaryotic mycelium of the above strains is
      apparently achieved by the convener action of the cnxH+ gene directed polypeptide
      from the niaD- strain on the niaD+ gene directed protomers of the cnxH- partner.
      This occurs with or without Mo as a co-factor.

PMID- 6423962
TI  - Characterization and inhibition of dihydrofolate synthetase from Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Dihydrofolate synthetase (EC 6.3.2.12) from N. gonorrhoeae was isolated and
      enzyme characteristics were determined. The purified enzyme was found quite
      stable when stored at -60 degrees C. About 50% of the enzyme activity was
      destroyed within 6 weeks when kept at 4 degrees C. Maximum velocity was observed
      at pH 9.3. The enzyme required a monovalent cation, K+ or NH4+, and divalent
      cation, Mg2+ or Mn2+, for its function. ATP at 5 mM concentration gave maximum
      activity. Km values for dihydropteroate and L-glutamate at pH 9.3 were 3.5 X 10(
      5) M and 6.5 X 10(-4) M, respectively. Patterns of product inhibition by
      dihydrofolate were found to be non-competitive with respect to dihydropteroate,
      having a Ki value of 5.1 +/- 0.8 X 10(-4) M, and competitive with respect to L
      glutamate, having a Ki value of 6.2 X 10(-4) M.

PMID- 6423964
TI  - Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. X. Isoelectric
      focusing spectrotypes of antinuclease antibodies detected by labeling with
      antigen and with anti-idiotype.
AB  - Antibody responses of inbred strains of mice to staphylococcal nuclease were
      studied by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels followed by in situ
      labeling of focused antibodies with radioactive antigen. All A/J mice examined
      produced antinuclease antibodies of limited heterogeneity, and although there was
      individual variation in the focusing patterns observed, a characteristic
      spectrotype produced by all of the animals could be discerned. In order to
      determine the possible relationship between this characteristic spectrotype and
      the cross-reactive idiotypes of A/J antinuclease antibodies previously described,
      focused antibodies were also examined with a radioactively labeled pig anti-(A/J
      antinuclease) anti-idiotypic antibody preparation. Using this reagent, similar
      spectrotypes to those observed for antigen binding were seen in all of the
      individual A/J sera, suggesting that cross-reactive idiotype expression is a
      reflection of the characteristic spectrotypes observed. The same labeled anti
      idiotypic reagent revealed characteristic but different spectrotypes when used to
      develop focused antinuclease antibodies from individual mice of other strains,
      suggesting that the use of similar variable region structures may be a common
      feature of the antinuclease response in mice of different allotypes. These
      studies thus provide a structural basis for the genetics of idiotype expression
      defined previously by serologic analysis.

PMID- 6423963
TI  - Hepatic proliferation inhibitor.
AB  - Although a long held tenet of biology has been that endogenous inhibitors can
      modulate cell proliferation, little progress was made in purifying any such
      inhibitor. This was largely due to the rarity of non-malignant cell cultures in
      which regulation of cell division was still operative, and to problems in
      separating cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in the complex biological extracts
      which were being studied. During the last decade, hepatic proliferation
      inhibitors of varying degrees of purity have been isolated using regenerating rat
      liver or hepatoma cell cultures as test systems. In these early studies, a number
      of inhibitors with differing molecular weights, physicochemical properties and
      biological responses were purified from liver cytosol and/or serum. Some of them
      could inhibit DNA synthesis or mitosis and thus were considered to be G1 or G2
      inhibitors. However, experiments which could give precise answers about
      mechanisms of action could not be done until an inhibitor purified to homogeneity
      was available. Using well-characterized rat liver diploid epithelial cell
      cultures, which maintain a number of liver properties and which do not possess
      any transformation markers or malignant properties, we recently purified an
      hepatic proliferation inhibitor to a homogenous protein. It has a molecular
      weight of 26 000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 4.65. It specifically
      inhibits cell division and DNA synthesis in a number of non-malignant rat liver
      epithelial cell types, and has no effect on transformed liver cells, or hepatoma
      cells, in culture. Its effect is not mediated through destruction or
      sequestration of essential nutrients or calcium ions. Nor have preliminary
      experiments shown the hepatic proliferation inhibitor to interfere with the
      binding of epidermal growth factor to its receptors. The majority of the cells
      treated with the inhibitor are blocked in the G1 phase. Further experiments to
      study its mechanism of action and the inter-relationship, if any, between the
      cell cycle block induced by serum or nutrient deprivation, and the inhibitor
      induced cycle block are in progress.

PMID- 6423965
TI  - A monoclonal antibody that detects vimentin-related proteins in invertebrates.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster contains a 46 000 MW cytoplasmic protein which is
      immunologically related to the intermediate filament protein vimentin of
      vertebrates. A monoclonal antibody raised against this protein was used to study
      its cross-reactivity with other vertebrate and invertebrate cells. Indirect
      immunofluorescence showed filamentous meshworks in all species tested. Protein
      blotting was used to determine the molecular weights of the proteins responsible
      for the wide range of cross-reactivity of this antibody. We present evidence that
      vimentin-like proteins are also present in invertebrates and form a cytoplasmic
      network in Paramecium. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vertebrates and
      invertebrates the presence of high molecular weight polypeptides which are
      immunologically related to vimentin.

PMID- 6423966
TI  - [Superspecificity of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthases].
AB  - The correct aminoacylation of tRNA with the proper aminoacid by aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetase is one of the key reactions which determines the overall high fidelity
      of protein biosynthesis. The initial selection of the amino acid is achieved in
      the active centre of the synthetase at the activation step due to differences in
      the side chains binding energies of specific substrate and the competing amino
      acids present in cell. If, nevertheless, the activation of amino acids
      structurally similar to the cognate one does proceed, additional mechanisms of
      correction which are based on the decomposition of unstable noncognate
      (intermediate or final) product of the tRNA aminoacylation reaction, by
      synthetase are switched on. In this review the literature on the specificity of
      aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases at amino acid activation step is analyzed along with
      the proofreading mechanisms which allow the elimination of the errors, leading to
      so called superspecifity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

PMID- 6423967
TI  - [Fractionation of phycobilisomes from the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum].
AB  - Phycobilisomes (PBS) isolated from Nostoc muscorum contain eight spectral forms
      of phycobiliproteins. PBS partially dissociated by osmotic or temperature shock,
      were separated into 42S and 34S particles by centrifugation in sucrose density
      gradient. The 42S particles are enriched with phycocyanin, the 34S ones--with
      allophycocyanin. The 42S particles dissociate to free pigments by repeated
      osmotic or temperature shock and the 34S ones dissociate to subparticles I and II
      having the constant pigments composition. The integrity of PBS and isolated
      substructures is controlled by the yield of energy transfer between pigment
      molecules. PBS from Nostoc muscorum was found to contain the rods of three
      different types. The model PBS containing different spectral forms of
      biliproteins is proposed.

PMID- 6423968
TI  - [Structure of the interphase chromatin in the ciliata Bursaria truncatella
      macronucleus. II. Loop organization of inactive chromatin clumps].
AB  - Electron microscopic study of chromatin organization in isolated macronuclei of a
      ciliate Bursaria truncatella showed macronuclear chromatin to be organized in
      compact clumps 120--180 nm in diameter linked with each other by one or several
      chromatin fibres. Macronucleus being dispersed in a solution of low ionic
      strength, radial loops basically of nucleosomal structure start appearing around
      chromatin clumps. Long-time dispersing of macronuclear chromatin brings complete
      decompactization of chromatin clumps into a set of nucleosome fibres. The way the
      fibres of interphase chromatin are packed in a chromatin clump is discussed.

PMID- 6423969
TI  - [Structure of the transcription-active chromatin].
AB  - A method of attaching proteins to specific sites of DNA has been developed. The
      proteins are fixed on DNA directly in the cell nucleus by covalent bonding. DNA's
      associated with different proteins are divided into several diagonals by the two
      dimensional gel-electrophoresis. The nucleotide sequences linked to proteins are
      then identified by hybridizing them with cloned probes of DNA. This method was
      used for Drosophila cells to determine the presence of histones in the
      transcribed site of the hsp-22 gene, activated by heat shock, and also in the
      neighboring active gene and non-transcribed insertion in ribosomal RNA genes. It
      was found that moderate transcription removed H1 and part of core histones,
      whereas intensive transcription removed all histones from the structural region
      of the genes. The substitution of core histones by RNA-polymerase within the
      transcribed region seems to cause the removal of first H1 and then core histones
      (depending on the intensity of the process) from prolonged regions of chromatin,
      which leads to a 25 nm fibrilla being decondensed to a 10 nm thread and, finally,
      to a completely linearized histone-free DNA.

PMID- 6423970
TI  - Immunogenicity of a synthetic HBsAg peptide: enhancement by conjugation to a
      fatty acid carrier.
AB  - Effective immunization with short polypeptide antigens has typically only been
      possible when the peptide is conjugated to a large carrier substance, usually a
      protein. Such immunizations suffer from difficulties in producing conjugates of
      reliable composition, and from unwanted anti-carrier immune responses. When a
      chemically synthesized peptide, bearing hepatitis B virus a-determinant
      specificity, was conjugated to a dipalmityl-lysine moiety, a significant
      improvement in anti-hepatitis B surface antigen response was obtained, in
      comparison to the corresponding peptide-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate.
      Dipalmityl lysyl peptide conjugates are readily made by standard Merrifield
      synthesis procedures, and are relatively free of byproducts that might cause
      unwanted immune responses. Gel filtration experiments suggest that the conjugates
      form large aggregates, possibly micelles, which may play a significant role in
      the enhancement of the anti-peptide response. These properties suggest that fatty
      acid conjugation may be a useful procedure for producing chemically synthesized
      peptide vaccines.

PMID- 6423971
TI  - Allergens of Parietaria judaica pollen--I. Purification and characterization of a
      hapten and a low molecular weight allergenic peptide.
AB  - A low mol. wt allergen (Pj-2) and a hapten (Pj-H3) were purified from Parietaria
      judaica pollen by means of long-term aqueous extraction, dialysis and gel
      filtrations. The yield of the Pj-2 allergen was 0.94% (w/v) of the total protein
      present in the aqueous extract of the pollen, while its allergenic activity was
      about 60% of the total dialyzable activity, as verified by skin prick tests,
      ELISA- and RAST-inhibition experiments. The homogeneity of this allergen was
      demonstrated by one single sharp peak on HPLC, one single band on PAGE-SDS and by
      one single arc on IEF. Its mol. wt, estimated by HPLC and amino acid composition,
      was 10,400. The amino acid analysis showed 73 amino acid residues, and lysine was
      predominant, with 20 residues. The hapten Pj-H3 was 0.2% (w/v) of the total
      protein found in the pollen aqueous extract. It was inactive in skin prick tests
      even at a protein concn of 2 mg/ml, while it was capable of inhibiting by 60% in
      ELISA- and RAST-inhibition experiments, suggesting an immunochemical relationship
      with both IgE and allergens specific to P. judaica. The homogeneity was
      demonstrated by one single sharp peak on HPLC and one single band on PAGE-SDS.
      The amino acid analysis showed 10 amino acid residues, with no specific traits,
      and the mol. wt determined by gel filtration and amino acid composition was 1000.
      An immunochemical relation between the allergen and the hapten was also suggested
      by the results of an ELISA-inhibition test, and by the ability of the hapten to
      partially inhibit the precipitin line between rabbit antibodies to whole P.
      judaica pollen extract and the Pj-2 allergen. The allergen and the hapten
      described above, purified at homogeneity and in an antigenically active state,
      both provide adequate material for further structural and immunological
      characterizations.

PMID- 6423972
TI  - Immunochemical structure of the hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine--I. Treatment
      of immobilized HBsAg by dissociation agents with or without enzymatic digestion
      and identification of polypeptides by protein blotting.
AB  - Since the immunosorbent techniques and the cycles of isopycnic and rate zonal
      velocity ultracentrifugations were shown to be unsuitable for the purification of
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles from human sera because HBsAg was
      still largely contaminated by serum proteins, we applied a drastic dissociating
      treatment of HBsAg stabilized by adsorption on silica gel which appeared
      essential to remove extraneous components initially present in the HBsAg
      particles. Only albumin and sometimes IgG were recovered with the purified
      antigen. The polypeptide composition of our purified HBsAg preparations was
      analyzed by SDS-PAGE with subsequent transfer to a nitrocellulose sheet by
      blotting, incubation with 125I-anti-HBs and exposure to X-ray film. Samples from
      HBsAg-positive sera containing the hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) displayed
      three proteins: P 24.5 and GP 28 as major components and GP 36 as a minor
      component. Dimers of these polypeptides were also immunologically detected. When
      a supplementary step of trypsin or pepsin digestion was included in our
      purification procedure after adsorption to silica and acid dissociation of HBsAg,
      proteolytic cleavage fragments of HBsAg with mol. wts lower than 10,000 were
      obtained on SDS-PAGE after reduction. This finding shows that arginine and lysine
      residues inaccessible to tryptic digestion in the intact HBsAg lipoprotein
      particle were exposed to enzymatic hydrolysis by our treatment. However, HBsAg
      kept the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the native antigen. Therefore
      such a HBsAg preparation appeared as a new candidate for the vaccination against
      HBV and a useful material for the analysis of the HBs antigenic structure.

PMID- 6423973
TI  - The role of a novel VH sequence (V11) in the formation of anti-phosphocholine
      antibodies.
AB  - The immune response to phosphocholine (PC) in mice is highly restricted. Most
      anti-PC antibodies use heavy-chain variable-region (VH) sequences derived from
      single VH gene segment, V1. In order to investigate whether a highly homologous
      VH gene segment, V11, could contribute to the formation of PC-binding antibodies,
      we carried out chain recombination experiments with M47A, a non-PC binding
      myeloma protein whose H-chain is encoded by the V11 gene segment, and two PC
      binding antibodies, HP101.6G6 (HP6G6) and M511. The H-chains from the non-PC
      binding myeloma protein, M47A, formed a functional PC-binding site when paired
      with L-chains from both PC-binding antibodies. These results suggest that a
      second VH gene segment, V11, could theoretically be used to form PC-binding
      antibodies. In addition, these results provide direct evidence that a single H
      chain can be used in combinatorial association with different L-chains to form
      antibodies of differing specificities.

PMID- 6423974
TI  - Direct stimulation of ADCC by cloned gamma interferon is not ablated by
      glucocorticoids: studies using a human monocyte-like cell line (U-937).
AB  - We have used the macrophage-like cell line U-937 to demonstrate that recombinant
      gamma (immune) interferon (gamma-IFN) acts directly on the mononuclear phagocyte
      in the absence of other cell types to increase Fc receptor sites and antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Incubation of U-937 for 18 hr with 2%
      gamma-IFN-rich supernatant, or with 10 U/ml of pure recombinant gamma-IFN,
      resulted in a seven-fold increase in Fc receptors as measured by the binding of
      radiolabeled IgG or fluoresceinated IgG and cytofluorography. Simultaneous
      measurement of ADCC for chick erythrocytes showed a seven-fold increase. This
      augmentation of Fc receptors and function was not ablated by an immunosuppressive
      cocn of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The potent effects of gamma-IFN both on
      surface receptors and effector functions of macrophages suggest that it is an
      important mediator in the efferent limb of immunity. Moreover, our findings that
      physiologic levels of glucocorticoids do not block activation of the mononuclear
      phagocyte support our view that glucocorticoids are immunosuppressive as a result
      of their action on gamma-IFN-producing cells. This would seem an important
      consideration in the development of potential strategies for obviating steroid
      induced immunosuppression.

PMID- 6423975
TI  - One antigen may form two precipitin lines and two spurs when tested with two
      monoclonal antibodies by gel diffusion assays.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody reactive with human immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 and a monoclonal
      antibody reactive with IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 were tested with an IgG4 myeloma
      protein by double diffusion in a polyethylene glycol-containing gel. In a three
      well Ouchterlony pattern, the IgG4 myeloma protein formed lines of double partial
      identity (double spur) with the two monoclonal antibodies. The two spurs
      lengthened and thickened with decreasing concentrations of polyethylene glycol
      indicating that soluble immune complexes diffused past the precipitin lines and
      formed the spurs. In a two-well pattern, the myeloma protein formed two lines
      with mixtures of the two monoclonal antibodies indicating that the immune
      complexes formed by the two antibodies distributed bimodally in the gel as if two
      types of complexes were formed. These unpredicted findings indicate that the
      process of antigen-antibody precipitation in gels needs to be analyzed further by
      using monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6423976
TI  - [Tennis-specific injuries and lesions of the lower extremity].

PMID- 6423977
TI  - [Nd-Yag laser in neurosurgery].

PMID- 6423978
TI  - [Long-term EEG diagnosis in childhood. New aspects of a portable device].

PMID- 6423979
TI  - [Computerized tomogram and scoliosis. Can CT provide prognostic hints?
      (Preliminary report)].

PMID- 6423980
TI  - [Urokinase therapy of deep vein thrombosis].

PMID- 6423981
TI  - [Improvement of reduced erythrocyte flexibility through calcium dobesilate.
      Results of a pilot study].

PMID- 6423982
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Chronic pressure and pain in the upper
      abdomen].

PMID- 6423983
TI  - [Yesterday first, today second choice. Pharmacotherapy in transit].

PMID- 6423984
TI  - [Diseases of the lower extremity].

PMID- 6423985
TI  - [Compensation for damages due to failure to interrupt pregnancy. Prenatal
      indication according to Section 218a, Paragraph 2. No. 1 of the Federal Criminal
      Law--2 verdicts passed by the Federal Court].

PMID- 6423986
TI  - [Is it a worm or not?].

PMID- 6423987
TI  - [The ethical challenge. Is the physician allowed to do what he must do?].

PMID- 6423988
TI  - [Information on embryotic risks].

PMID- 6423989
TI  - [Status of rubella vaccine in West Germany 1983. Seroepidemiology of rubella in
      women of childbearing age in 1983].

PMID- 6423990
TI  - [Clinical course of influenza. Possibilities for therapy].

PMID- 6423991
TI  - [Discoid meniscus].

PMID- 6423992
TI  - [Clostridium difficile. Frequent occurrence on a ward].

PMID- 6423993
TI  - [James Marion Sims. 1813-1883].

PMID- 6423995
TI  - [Is it a worm or not?].

PMID- 6423994
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Diarrhea or malabsorption?].

PMID- 6423996
TI  - [Treatment of digitalis poisoning].

PMID- 6423997
TI  - [Pathophysiology and etiology of essential hypertension. Significance of
      emotional stress in experiments and daily living].

PMID- 6423998
TI  - [Reproductive biology. Ethical considerations for the gynecologist vis a vis
      results of modern research. What can and may an old teacher say in regard to
      it?].

PMID- 6423999
TI  - [Portal hypertension caused by an arteriovenous fistula between the splenic
      artery and splenic vein].

PMID- 6424000
TI  - [Relapsing fever in a tourist to Africa].

PMID- 6424001
TI  - [The safety of drugs].

PMID- 6424002
TI  - [Captopril (Tensobon) in practical use in hypertension and heart failure].

PMID- 6424003
TI  - [How does one establish Tensobon (captopril) in general practice? Scientific
      cooperation of general practice and clinical aspects in therapeutic circles].

PMID- 6424004
TI  - [Interview with Prof. Klaus O. Stumpe: Antihypertensive therapy for the first
      time free of subjective side effects].

PMID- 6424005
TI  - Mutagenicity of adriamycin in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6424006
TI  - Genotoxic effects of ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate in the mouse evaluated by
      the micronucleus test.
AB  - The micronucleus test was used to study the mutagenic effects of ethyl acrylate
      and methyl acrylate. Investigated compounds were administered to Balb C male mice
      by i.p. injection in two doses, separated by a period of 24 h. Ethyl acrylate at
      doses of 225-1800 mg/kg, and methyl acrylate at doses of 37.5-300 mg/kg
      significantly induce chromosome damage resulting in micronuclei formation in bone
      marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. Both investigated compounds significantly
      decrease the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes. Positive
      results provide evidence of clastogenic activity of ethyl acrylate and methyl
      acrylate.

PMID- 6424007
TI  - Dithiocarbamate pesticides: activity of Propineb in the micronucleus test in
      mice.
AB  - The possible clastogenic activity of Propineb, Propineb technical grade and of
      its main metabolite, propylene-thiourea (PLTU), was investigated by the
      micronucleus test in mice according to Schmid. No statistically significant
      increase in the percentage of micronuclei was observed at any of the tested doses
      of the above compounds. As positive controls, dose-effect curves were constructed
      for methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and mitomycin C (MMC).

PMID- 6424008
TI  - Modifications in the myeloclastogenic effect of benzene in mice with toluene,
      phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, Aroclor 1254 and SKF-525A.
AB  - Benzene was studied in its target organ of effect, the bone marrow, with the
      micronucleus test and metaphase analysis. Male and female CD-1 mice were treated
      with 2 doses of benzene (440 mg/kg) or toluene (860 or 1720 mg/kg) or both 24 h
      apart, and sacrificed 30 h (or 54 h) after the first dose. Benzene-treated
      animals were pretreated with phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA),
      SKF-525A, or Aroclor 1254. Toluene showed no clastogenic activity and reduced the
      clastogenic effect of benzene when the mixture was given. None of the
      pretreatments protected against the clastogenic effect of benzene. 3-MCA
      pretreatment greatly promoted benzene myeloclastogenicity. Females were
      consistently more resistant to benzene than males. Dose-response curves in
      benzene-treated mice were much steeper with 3-MCA induction than without.
      Chromosomal damage was higher with p.o. than i.p. benzene administration.

PMID- 6424009
TI  - The nurse practitioner revisited. Slow death of a good idea.

PMID- 6424010
TI  - Abnormal T-lymphocyte subsets in hemophilia: relation to HLA proteins in plasma
      products.

PMID- 6424011
TI  - Rationing intensive care.

PMID- 6424013
TI  - Dry mouth and delayed dissolution of nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6424012
TI  - Induction of ovulation and fertility in amenorrheic women by pulsatile low-dose
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - In functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, failure of ovulation probably results from
      deficient hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We
      treated 14 infertile women in whom this condition was resistant to clomiphene
      with pulses of 5 to 15 micrograms of GnRH administered subcutaneously by portable
      pumps at 90-minute intervals in 36 cycles of treatment. Ovulation occurred in 30
      cycles (83 per cent) and was followed by normal luteal function in 24. Singleton
      pregnancy occurred after 13 (54 per cent) of these cycles. Ovarian ultrasound
      consistently showed a single dominant follicle, and follicular-phase levels of
      gonadotropins and urinary estrone glucuronide were in the normal range in all
      cycles of treatment except two in which mild ovarian overstimulation occurred.
      Plasma profiles of GnRH and luteinizing hormone were highly pulsatile after
      subcutaneous administration of GnRH, and mean peak plasma levels of GnRH were
      comparable to those in pituitary portal blood. We conclude that treatment with
      low-dose subcutaneous pulses of GnRH is a safe, effective, and physiologic method
      of restoring reproductive function in hypothalamic amenorrhea and that it has
      advantages over gonadotropin therapy.

PMID- 6424014
TI  - "Cocktail"-coronary care.

PMID- 6424015
TI  - The monetarization of medical care.

PMID- 6424016
TI  - Factitious cause of unexpected arterial blood-gas results.

PMID- 6424017
TI  - Unnecessary tests for syphilis on donated blood.

PMID- 6424018
TI  - Case mix, costs, and outcomes. Differences between faculty and community services
      in a university hospital.
AB  - To gain insight into the possible consequences of prospective payment for
      university hospitals, we studied 2025 admissions to the faculty and community
      services of a university hospital, measuring differences in case mix, costs, and
      mortality in the hospital. The faculty service had more of the patients with
      costly diagnoses, but even after adjustment for diagnosis-related groups (DRGs),
      costs were 11 per cent higher on the faculty service (95 per cent confidence
      limits, 4 to 18 per cent). The percentage differential was greatest for
      diagnostic costs. The differential was particularly large--70 per cent (95 per
      cent confidence limits, 33 to 107 per cent)--for patients with a predicted
      probability of death of 0.25 or greater. The in-hospital mortality rate was
      significantly lower on the faculty service after adjustment for case mix and
      patient characteristics (P less than 0.05); the difference was particularly large
      for patients in the high-death-risk category. Comparison of a matched sample of
      51 pairs of admissions from the high-death-risk category confirmed the above
      results with respect to costs and in-hospital mortality, but follow-up revealed
      that the survival rates were equal for the two services at nine months after
      discharge. The effect of prospective payment on the cost of care will be closely
      watched; we conclude that is will also be important to monitor the effect on
      outcomes, including hospital mortality rates.

PMID- 6424019
TI  - Are teaching hospitals worth the extra costs?

PMID- 6424020
TI  - Correlations among culture times, sugar composition and biological activities of
      Sporothrix schenckii antigens.
AB  - Glycoproteins were isolated by ethanol precipitation, Con A-sepharose 4B and DEAE
      sephadex A-50 chromatography from culture filtrates of Sporothrix schenckii ATCC
      10268 at incubation periods of 2, 7, and 14 days, and their chemical and
      immunological properties investigated. Sugar composition of the isolated
      glycoproteins varied with time of culture, i.e. from mostly mannose on the 2nd
      day of culture to increasing amounts of rhamnose and small amounts of galactose
      in addition to mannose on the 7th and 14th day. The changes in sugar composition
      also were observed to be closely related to the growth morphology of the
      organisms. The isolated glycoproteins showed different serological reactivity in
      immunodiffusion tests against rabbit anti-S. schenckii antiserum. In addition,
      they showed varying degree of cross-reaction with rabbit anti-Klebsiella
      pneumoniae K47, anti-Cladosporium werneckii and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      antisera. The immunodiffusion results correlate well with sugar composition and
      strongly suggest the possibility that rhamnose, galactose and mannose
      determinants participate in the serological reaction of S. schenckii. In delayed
      hypersensitivity skin tests in guinea pigs immunized with S. schenckii, only Con
      A-binding glycoproteins were reactive. These fractions also resembled each other
      in amino acid content. The results from the present work indicate that the
      immunochemical properties of S. schenckii glycoproteins vary with incubation
      period, and suggest the need for standardization of sporotrichin test antigens.

PMID- 6424021
TI  - Behavioral and psychological components of pain management.

PMID- 6424022
TI  - Biobehavioral modulation of pain transmission.

PMID- 6424023
TI  - Mechanisms of pain and analgesia as revealed by opiate research: summary and
      recommendations.

PMID- 6424024
TI  - A common segment in genes for segments of Drosophila.

PMID- 6424025
TI  - Architecture of interphase nuclei.

PMID- 6424026
TI  - Characteristic folding pattern of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila salivary
      gland nuclei.
AB  - A computer-based system for recording and analysing light microscope images,
      combined with classical cytogenetic analysis, has revealed the spatial
      organization of the giant chromosomes of Drosophila salivary gland cells. Each
      polytene chromosome arm folds up in a characteristic way, contacts the nuclear
      surface at specific sites and is topologically isolated from all other arms.

PMID- 6424027
TI  - Holocene age of the Yuha burial: direct radiocarbon determinations by accelerator
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - The view that human populations may not have arrived in the Western Hemisphere
      before about 12,000 radiocarbon yr BP has been challenged by claims of much
      greater antiquity for a small number of archaeological sites and human skeleton
      samples. One such site is the Homo sapiens sapiens cairn burial excavated in 1971
      from the Yuha desert, Imperial County, California. Radiocarbon analysis of
      caliche coating one of the bones of the skeleton yielded a radiocarbon age of
      21,500 +/- 1,000 yr BP, while radiocarbon and uranium series analyses of caliche
      coating a cairn boulder yielded ages of 22,125 +/- 400 and 19,000 +/- 3,000 yr
      BP, respectively. The late Pleistocene age assignment to the Yuha burial has been
      challenged by comparing the cultural context of the burial with other cairn
      burials in the same region, on the basis of the site's geomorphological context
      and from radiocarbon analyses of soil caliches. In rebuttal, arguments in defence
      of the original age assignment have been presented as well as an amino acid
      recemization analysis on the Yuha skeleton indicating an age of 23,600 +/- 2,600
      yr BP. The tandem accelerator mass spectrometer at the University of Arizona has
      now been used to measure the ratio of 14C/13C in several organic and inorganic
      fractions of post-cranial bone from the Yuha H. sapiens sapiens skeleton. Isotope
      ratios from six chemical fractions all yielded radiocarbon ages for the skeleton
      of less than 4,000 yr BP. These results indicate that the Yuha skeleton is of
      Holocene age, in agreement with the cultural context of the burial, and in
      disagreement with the previously assigned Pleistocene age of 19,000-23,000 yr.

PMID- 6424028
TI  - The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans.
AB  - Man shares uniquely few morphological features with either the chimpanzee or the
      gorilla, whereas there are many features that suggest affinities between man and
      the orang-utan, to whom the fossil Sivapithecus appears to be closely related. If
      these are unique features, inclusion of Sivapithecus, man and the orang-utan in a
      single clade, distinct from that containing the African apes, is justified but
      contrary to current opinion.

PMID- 6424029
TI  - Denervation releases a neuronal survival factor in adult rat hippocampus.
AB  - Target-derived macromolecules in the peripheral nervous system apparently play an
      important part in the regulation of neuronal survival and maturation during
      critical stages of development. Similar trophic factors could also be required in
      the central nervous system (CNS) for the maintenance of intracerebral
      connections, and neuronal cell death may result from a decrease or failure of a
      target-derived trophic support. Recent experiments have demonstrated the presence
      of factors in brain extracts or astrocytic glial cells which can support the
      survival of embryonic sympathetic, parasympathetic or sensory ganglionic neurones
      in vitro. The importance of these putative factors for neuronal survival in vivo
      has, however, so far not been demonstrated. In the study reported here we have
      used the intracerebral grafting technique to monitor the availability of survival
      factors in an adult CNS target area and show here that neonatal rat superior
      cervical cells, which have an absolute requirement for such factors for their
      survival, will survive in the hippocampal formation of adult rats only in the
      presence of a denervating lesion.

PMID- 6424030
TI  - Serum beta 2-microglobulin binds to a T-cell differentiation antigen and
      increases its expression.
AB  - The human T-cell leukaemia and differentiation antigen HTA 1 is defined by the
      monoclonal antibody NA1/34 (ref. 1) and also recognized by the monoclonal
      antibody OKT6. Like class I products of the human major histocompatibility
      complex, it has a glycosylated heavy (alpha) chain of approximately 45-50,000
      molecular weight (MW) in non-covalent association with beta 2-microglobulin (beta
      2m) (MW 11,900). A particular feature of HTA 1 is the presence in significant
      amounts of an additional beta 2m-like subunit, called beta t (refs 3, 4). Top
      facilitate biochemical studies we have prepared a high HTA 1 expressor variant
      (NH17) of the human thymoma line MOLT-4. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of
      the beta t purified from this cell line was shown to be indistinguishable from
      that of bovine beta 2m. Further, beta t was present when the cells were grown in
      medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS), but absent from cells grown with human
      serum (HuS). We show here that addition of human and bovine beta 2m to MOLT-4 and
      NH17 cells grown in serum-free medium produces a significant elevation of HTA 1
      antigen expression, providing evidence for a regulatory or stabilizing function
      for the exchange of extracellular beta 2m with a cell-surface antigen.

PMID- 6424031
TI  - The nature of endothelium-derived vascular relaxant factor.
AB  - The existence of endothelium-derived vascular relaxant factor (EDRF) was
      postulated by Furchgott and colleagues when they observed that acetylcholine
      paradoxically relaxed preconstricted aortic strip preparations by an endothelium
      dependent mechanism. This phenomenon has since been demonstrated in different
      blood vessels and mammalian species and it can be elicited by several other
      agents. EDRF has been thought to be a humoral agent, a lipoxygenase derivative
      and possibly a free radical. In the study reported here, by using aortic
      preparations from the rabbit, alone and in cascade experiments with isolated
      perfused coronary preparations, we demonstrate definitively that EDRF is a
      humoral agent. It is released from unstimulated aortic preparations containing
      endothelium, its release can be stimulated for prolonged periods by
      acetylcholine, and it is not a lipoxygenase derivative or free radical but an
      unstable compound with a carbonyl group at or near its active site.

PMID- 6424032
TI  - Scrapie infectious agent is virus-like in size and susceptibility to
      inactivation.
AB  - The virions of all known viruses are composed of small amounts of genomic nucleic
      acid enveloped by proteins and other macromolecules. The aetiological agents of
      scrapie disease and the other subacute spongiform virus encephalopathies (SSVE),
      a group of slow, fatal degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, are,
      based on their resistance to sterilization and on indirect measurements
      suggesting subviral size, thought to have non-viral structures (see refs 1-3 for
      reviews). The kinetic studies reported here demonstrate that scrapie's resistance
      to many inactivants is limited to small subpopulations of the total infectivity,
      the majority population being highly sensitive to inactivation. Moreover, control
      inactivations of conventional viruses provide examples of both scrapie-like
      resistant subpopulations and complete insensitivity to virucidal agents,
      especially when those viruses, like scrapie, are suspended in hamster brain
      homogenate. Virus controls further establish that the ability of the scrapie
      agent to penetrate dilute agarose-acrylamide electrophoretic gels is shared by
      conventional viruses. Direct comparison of scrapie's resistance to ionizing
      radiation with the resistances of other viruses places scrapie with the smaller
      viruses, as opposed to requiring a subviral size as claimed.

PMID- 6424033
TI  - Evidence that the dorsal raphe area is involved in the effect of clonidine
      against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats.
AB  - Injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in the rat ventromedial
      tegmentum, which depleted forebrain serotonin, and of 6-hydroxydopamine in the
      dorsal noradrenergic bundle, which caused a marked reduction of forebrain
      noradrenaline, intensified pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. Neither
      condition significantly modified the inhibitory effect of 0.5 mg/kg clonidine on
      PTZ-induced seizures, with the exception of the effect on mortality which was
      reduced in 5,7-DHT treated animals. Electrolytic lesions in the nucleus raphe
      medianus or dorsalis potentiated PTZ-induced seizures but only lesions in the
      nucleus raphe dorsalis significantly attenuated the effect of clonidine on tonic
      seizures and mortality. Both lesions reduced clonidine's effect on latency to the
      first convulsion. The results indicate that the dorsal raphe area plays a role in
      the inhibitory effect of 0.5 mg/kg clonidine on PTZ-induced seizures. Serotonin
      neurons other than those innervating diencephalic and telencephalic structures
      may also contribute, particularly to the effect of clonidine on tonic seizures.

PMID- 6424034
TI  - Kinetic constants of isoprenaline and corticosterone for extraneuronal uptake in
      different cell types from various tissues.
AB  - Extraneuronal uptake of isoprenaline was studied in a number of different,
      histologically identified, cell types: trachealis smooth muscle cells, vascular
      smooth muscle cells and myocardial cells. Segments of cat, rat or rabbit trachea,
      dog coronary artery or cat atria were incubated in isoprenaline, in the presence
      of U-0521 (100 mumol l-1) to inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase. The
      intensities of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (due to accumulation of
      isoprenaline) were measured, using microphotometry, in the appropriate cells in
      histological sections of the tissue. Endogenous fluorescence in adrenergic nerves
      was removed by pretreatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine and of cats and
      rabbits with reserpine. Segments of dog coronary artery were incubated with 6
      hydroxydopamine in vitro to remove neuronal fluorescence. This treatment was also
      shown to be effective in guinea-pig trachea without any influence on the
      determination of the kinetic parameters of isoprenaline uptake in the trachealis
      smooth muscle cells. Fluorescence in all cell types studied was shown to
      represent isoprenaline which had accumulated by extraneuronal uptake, in that
      fluorescence was reduced by drugs which inhibit extraneuronal uptake
      (corticosterone, normetanephrine, metanephrine and/or phenoxybenzamine), by
      exposure to a K+-Krebs solution and by incubating tissues in isoprenaline at 0
      degree C rather than 37 degrees C. In each cell type, isoprenaline uptake obeyed
      Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics, both in the absence and presence of
      corticosterone. Corticosterone was a competitive inhibitor of isoprenaline uptake
      in all the cell types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424035
TI  - Release of prostacyclin from the human pulmonary vascular bed in response to
      cholinergic stimulation.
AB  - The ability of the human pulmonary vascular bed to synthesize prostaglandins
      (PGs) in response to cholinergic stimulation was investigated in healthy male
      volunteers. In all of them, except controls, carbaminoylcholine (CCh) was
      injected subcutaneously at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg. In 3 subjects [1-14C]
      labelled arachidonate was then infused at a constant rate into the right atrium
      between 10 and 15 min after the administration of the drug and the blood from the
      subclavian artery was sampled simultaneously. The arterial content of [14C]
      labelled metabolites was extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography and
      quantified using liquid scintillation spectrometry. In 8 other subjects PGI2-like
      activity after the administration of CCh was assayed in the arterial blood and in
      1 subject in the venous blood, using a technique for continuous measurement of
      platelet aggregation on blood-superfused collagen strip. The major portion of
      [14C]-activity in the radiochromatograms migrated in parallel with the 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha standard. No early defined peaks corresponding to any of the
      unlabelled PGs D2, E2 or F2 alpha, appeared, but in one chromatogram a minor
      radiopeak corresponding to authentic thromboxane B2 was observed. Also in the
      platelet aggregation experiments, 5-15 min after the administration of CCh, a
      significant increase in the PGI2-like activity was observed in the arterial as
      well as in the peripheral venous blood, which effect of the drug was abolished by
      pretreatment with atropine and acetylsalicylic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6424036
TI  - [Meningococcal disease in the Netherlands; after low tide another high tide?].

PMID- 6424037
TI  - [Economics and organization of health care. II. Suitability and effectiveness].

PMID- 6424038
TI  - [The use of glutaraldehyde in endodontics. 1. A review].

PMID- 6424039
TI  - Strong association of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with HLA-DR2 and MT1 in
      Japanese.
AB  - HLA-A, B, DR, and MT antigens were examined in 50 patients with idiopathic
      membranous nephropathy (IMN) by the standard microlymphocytotoxicity technique.
      The frequency of HLA-DR2 was significantly increased in the patients in
      comparison to the controls. Significant decreases in the frequencies were seen
      for HLA-DR4, DRw8 and DRw9 in the patients. The linkage disequilibrium between
      HLA-Bw52 and DR2 was noted in the controls, but it was significantly weaker in
      the patients. The frequency of MT1 was significantly higher, and that of MT3 was
      significantly lower in the patients as compared with the controls. The findings
      suggest that an immunological disturbance under the influence of genetic factors
      may confer a susceptibility to IMN.

PMID- 6424040
TI  - Marked variation in creatinine clearance estimation in patients receiving
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6424041
TI  - Prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions--a randomized therapeutic assay:
      sodium valproate, phenobarbital and placebo.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare three different modes of treatment in
      the prevention of relapses of febrile convulsions (Phenobarbital = PH, Sodium
      Valproate = SV, Placebo = PO) in a randomized therapeutic trial. The patients
      included in the study had shown their first generalized convulsive seizure during
      a bout of fever (greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C) and were aged between 6
      months and 4 years. They were subsequently followed up as outpatients, and
      Phenobarbital and sodium valproate levels were measured regularly to ascertain
      compliance with the treatment and to adjust the dosage accordingly. The patients'
      families were questioned with respect to the occurrence of feverish bouts and
      convulsive seizures during the interval between visits, as well as possible
      adverse reactions. An EEG was carried out yearly. Results were as follows: - 69
      patients - 35 boys and 34 girls - with an average age of 24 months were divided
      into 3 groups according to treatment: 21 cases on PH, 22 cases on SV, and 26
      cases on PO. - they were followed up for an average duration of 21 months. - the
      average number of feverish bouts per child and per year was evaluated at 2.5, no
      statistically significant difference being noticeable between the various modes
      of prophylaxis. - 15 relapses of febrile seizures were noted in 14 children, over
      an average duration of 23 months; on average, relapses occurred after 9 months;
      among the 14 children who had relapsed, one had been treated with SV, 4 with PH
      and 9 with PO, leading to estimated relapse rates of 4%, 19%, and 35%
      respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in the relapse
      rates between the treated groups (SV and PH) and the Placebo group, and a
      particularly significant difference between Sodium Valproate and
      Placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424042
TI  - [Minor oculo-facial abnormalities and primary generalized epilepsy in the child].

PMID- 6424043
TI  - [Evolution of childhood epilepsy and its prognosis in adolescence].

PMID- 6424044
TI  - [A few remarks on the use of anticonvulsant drugs and the value of
      pharmacokinetic studies in the child].

PMID- 6424045
TI  - [Prognosis of febrile convulsions according to age of onset and response to
      preventive treatment].

PMID- 6424046
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric side effect of anticonvulsants in the child].

PMID- 6424047
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma with bone formation in a child: case report.
AB  - A 13-year-old girl suffering from seizures who was found to have hemangioma
      calcificans in the frontal lobe was surgically treated. The favorable
      postoperative course of our patient as well as reported cases suggest early
      excision of the lesion if it is located in an accessible area. Histological
      examination confirmed ossification with marrow in the lesion. The literature
      regarding ossification in the brain is discussed briefly.

PMID- 6424048
TI  - Multiple meningiomas of the cervical spinal cord associated with Klippel-Feil
      malformation and atlantooccipital assimilation.
AB  - A case of multiple meningiomas confined solely to the cervical spinal canal in
      association with multiple bony abnormalities of the cervical spine is presented.
      The relationship of this entity to neurofibromatosis, whether the central type or
      a form fruste, is explored. It is suggested that multiple meningiomas
      unassociated with other central or peripheral tumors may present a distinct
      clinical entity and may occur in an as yet uncharacterized familial pattern.

PMID- 6424049
TI  - Conditioned-reflex analysis of functional connections of the hippocampus and
      limbic structures.

PMID- 6424050
TI  - Participation of monoamines in the mechanisms of hypothalamic regulation of
      cortical trace processes in rats.

PMID- 6424051
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of free L-amino acids in patients subjected to a total
      bilio-pancreatic bypass].

PMID- 6424052
TI  - [Possibility of obtaining a metabolic homeostasis in the surgery patient by a
      defined diet].

PMID- 6424053
TI  - [The etiological agent of tuberculosis].
AB  - Author points out the reduced virulence of M. tuberculosis, that shows itself in
      a lower number of sputum smears and cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli and
      in a quick bacteriologic conversion of these cases. The most important test is
      again sputum smear with demonstration by microscope. No doubt that the use of
      antitubercular chemotherapy helped this paradoxical return to experimental
      methods employed by Koch, but on the other hand this use aided in forming some
      bacterial resistances. Author reminds that M. tuberculosis is supplied with
      particular characteristics, partly connected with its high lipidic contents. From
      this diversity as regards other bacteria rises also the difficult discovery of
      new efficacious antitubercular drugs.

PMID- 6424054
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular agents in man].
AB  - The good results gotten employing short-term (6 months) medication regimes with
      rifampin, isoniazid and an initial supplement (2 months) of streptomycin and
      pyrazinamide, gave an impulse to pharmacodynamic research. Some recent studies
      divided bacterial population into four groups, according to bacterial growth time
      and they showed that rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin act on mycobacterial
      groups continuously or intermittently growing. This fact confirms the validity of
      employed therapeutic regimens. An other paper considered the trend of hematic
      levels of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. The results of this
      study showed that the variations observed in hematic peaks were independent from
      the administered doses and from the administration way. These researches help in
      solving the most important problems of present tubercular chemotherapy, such the
      use of a single drug or the therapy interruption.

PMID- 6424056
TI  - [Post-traumatic epileptic syndromes. Preliminary data].

PMID- 6424055
TI  - [Diagnosis of tuberculosis today].
AB  - Authors analyse the main aspects about the diagnosis of tuberculosis and they
      emphasize that the bacteriological and immunological tests are very important,
      beside the clinical, radiologic and hematic picture. As regards bacteriological
      research, Authors dwell upon the significance of repeated sputum specimens and
      they reevaluate the use of fluorochrome staining. The immunological "in vivo"
      tests are represented by tuberculin skin test, that must be correctly made and
      valued to avoid wrong unresponsiveness, at the other hand also caused by host
      factors. About immunological "in vitro" tests, Authors report the good prospects
      opened by the serological diagnosis with an immunoenzymatic method specific for S
      antigen of M. tuberculosis.

PMID- 6424057
TI  - [Respiratory tract infections caused by viruses, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and
      Chlamydia with bronchial and pulmonary localization].

PMID- 6424058
TI  - [Medical therapy of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Critical review].
AB  - After a survey of conventional and modern therapeutic strategies in pulmonary
      edema, a simple clinical approach to the management of this cardiac emergency is
      suggested. The central role of chlorpromazine, as a vasodilator drug, is also
      stressed.

PMID- 6424059
TI  - [Stage P-1 primary neoplasia of the bladder. Critical evaluation of results
      obtained with the use of adriamycin and mitomycin C in the prevention of
      recurrences].
AB  - However adequately treated, surface carcinomas of the bladder recur sooner or
      later with infiltration found in about 10% of cases. Any development that may
      offer therapeutic progress and reduce the incidence of recurrences is therefore
      of primary importance. Two homogeneous groups of patients were selected for the
      present study: 35 were given Adriamycin and 25 Mitomycin C. In evaluating
      results, the incidence of recurrences in relation to the primary neoplasia and
      the existence of single or multiple tumors was analysed. It is concluded that
      Mitomycin C in association with either T.U.R. or T.V.R. is a particularly useful
      and indubitably effective form of topical chemotherapy in cases of single or
      multiple primary neoplasias.

PMID- 6424060
TI  - A patient-staff group for long-term I.V. therapy patients.

PMID- 6424061
TI  - The role of total parenteral nutrition in the management of hospital-acquired
      malnutrition.

PMID- 6424062
TI  - From the president.

PMID- 6424063
TI  - Cells in neonatal rat hypothalamus primary culture--an immunofluorescence study.
AB  - Hypothalami from 1 day neonatal rats were dissociated and cultured for 4-16 days.
      Using immunofluorescence and antisera against neurofilament (NF) peptides, glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), galactocerebroside and fibronectin we have
      distinguished neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and fibroblast-like cells in
      culture. Astrocytes initially grew as islets of 15-30 cells which dispersed as
      the culture aged. These cells, together with fibronectin-reactive flat cells,
      formed a monolayer upon which ovoid and process-bearing cells grew after 4 days
      in culture. Neurofilament-positive neurons constituted 5-10% of the total cell
      population. In maturing cultures the number of neurons decreased and fibroblasts
      increased. Oligodendrocytes represented less than 1% of total cell population.
      These studies emphasize the necessity of using the complementary techniques of
      morphology and immunocytochemistry for the characterization of hypothalamic
      neural cells in vitro.

PMID- 6424064
TI  - Protein-energy malnutrition alters brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone and cyclo
      (His-Pro) in the neonatal rat.
AB  - To evaluate effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the brain neuropeptides
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and cyclo (His-Pro) in the cerebellum and the
      remainder brain, we studied neonatal rats in the lactational period. Protein
      energy malnutrition caused an increase in cyclo (His-Pro) concentrations, but not
      in TRH concentrations, in the neonatal cerebellum. In the remainder brain, a
      reduction in cyclo (His-Pro) concentrations occurred with an increase in TRH
      concentrations. These data indicate that protein-energy malnutrition affects both
      brain TRH and cyclo (His-Pro) in the neonatal rats during lactation.

PMID- 6424065
TI  - Nursing and DRGs: proactive responses to prospective reimbursement.

PMID- 6424066
TI  - DRGs: imperative strategies for nursing service administration.

PMID- 6424067
TI  - Viral hepatitis.
AB  - Many nurse practitioners are involved in providing care to patients who believe
      they have either been exposed to or contracted hepatitis. Discoveries and new
      developments in the field of viral hepatitis have made the diagnosis of hepatitis
      A and hepatitis B more definitive. Until recently viral hepatitis was simply
      classified as either infectious or serum hepatitis. This article will focus on
      recent developments and management of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and non-A and non
      B.

PMID- 6424068
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition: principles and management.
AB  - The advent of parenteral nutrition techniques by Dudrick et al. (1968) has
      enabled the long-term survival of persons who would otherwise be unable to meet
      the nutritional needs necessary to sustain life. The Broviac catheter and
      subsequent modifications made it possible to continue such therapy on an
      ambulatory basis. Basic principles of parenteral nutrition including solution
      formulas, central catheter maintenance, potential complications and psychosocial
      implications are discussed. The primary health care provider plays a vital role
      in the continuing care of such patients after discharge and constitutes an
      essential part of the home parenteral nutrition team.

PMID- 6424069
TI  - Infection control in hospital and the community. Practical problems in the
      community.

PMID- 6424070
TI  - How nurses are learning to live with DRG's.

PMID- 6424071
TI  - Evaluation in dental public health in New Zealand.

PMID- 6424072
TI  - The management of patients with bleeding disorders.

PMID- 6424073
TI  - Financial management: Medicare's PPS rules finalized.

PMID- 6424074
TI  - [Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the operative field in ophthalmic
      interventions under local anesthesia].
AB  - In eye surgery under local anaesthesia, a micro-climate develops under the
      operative field. Respiratory CO2 concentration, measured by an infrared
      capnograph, increases rapidly and becomes stable at a certain level. A three
      dimensional relation has been established (CO2 concentration X weight of the
      patient X free space under the field). The effects of the accumulated CO2 are
      complex and partially depending on premedication. The air inhaled by the patient
      should be renewed by elimination of the excess CO2.

PMID- 6424075
TI  - Utilization and quality review under the prospective rate system.

PMID- 6424076
TI  - Cost containment efforts of a pharmacy and therapeutics committee.

PMID- 6424077
TI  - Cost reductions for IV antibiotics in a 150-bed hospital.

PMID- 6424078
TI  - Monitoring and evaluating JCAH surveyors and the survey process.

PMID- 6424079
TI  - Quality of care in an FMC.

PMID- 6424080
TI  - Quality assurance in a long term care facility.

PMID- 6424081
TI  - Non-nursing clerical functions: time, cost, and effect on patient care.

PMID- 6424082
TI  - Trends in medicine: how we got where we are.

PMID- 6424083
TI  - Effects of peripheral antisympathetic treatments in the tail-flick, formalin and
      autotomy tests.
AB  - The effects of peripheral adrenergic depleting agents on the threshold for non
      damaging heat pain (tail-flick test), inflammatory pain associated with tissue
      injury (formalin test), and chronic pain or dysaesthesia associated with nerve
      lesions (autotomy test) were examined. Tail-flick latencies were increased by
      agents which deplete peripheral adrenergic transmitters--6-hydroxydopamine (6
      OHDA) and guanethidine--as well as by an agent which prevents the synthesis of
      noradrenaline--FLA63. A combination of guanethidine and FLA63 also increased
      latencies, but no more than either treatment alone. Formalin pain scores were
      reduced by FLA63+ guanethidine and 6-OHDA, but not by guanethidine or FLA63
      alone. The percentage of rats that exhibited autotomy was reduced minimally by 6
      OHDA and guanethidine treatments which started the day of surgery, maximally by
      guanethidine treatments which started 4 days before surgery, and not at all by
      guanethidine treatments which started 4 days after surgery. The results obtained
      in the formalin and autotomy tests are interpreted in terms of the possible roles
      of adrenergic transmitters in stimulating and sensitizing damaged afferents
      immediately after injury. The tail-flick results, however, suggest that
      adrenergic transmitters also act in lowering thresholds of normal peripheral
      receptor-fibre units. The relevance of the findings to the development of chronic
      pain are discussed.

PMID- 6424084
TI  - The anaerobic end-products of helminths.
AB  - Parasitic helminths belong to 3 separate phyla and there is always the danger of
      over-generalization. The various routes of anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown in
      parasitic helminths differ in their efficiencies and in their power output. The
      choice of end-product represents a compromise between these two conflicting
      forces. In addition, anaerobic pathways must satisfy the redox requirements of
      the tissues and provide a source of intermediates for synthetic reactions. Other
      considerations include the metabolic cost of excretion and the effect of end
      products on protein structure and function. The different end-products may fulfil
      additional functions such as pH control, nitrogenous excretion, osmotic
      regulation, intracellular signalling and the suppression of host responses. A
      complicating factor in parasitic helminths is the existence of strains with
      different biochemical characteristics, including marked variation in end-product
      formation. The various tissues of the same parasite can also produce different
      end-products and the pattern of end-product formation is influenced by a variety
      of extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as age, sex, length of incubation, pO2
      and availability of substrates. The catabolic pathways of helminths thus show
      considerable functional adaptation. There is, as yet, no satisfactory explanation
      as to why helminths do not make the maximum use of any oxygen available to them;
      and the contribution of oxidative processes to the overall energy balance of
      parasites probably varies from species to species. The catabolic pathways of
      adult helminths are derived from the anaerobic pathways present in their free
      living relatives. Two main trends are evident, homolactic fermentation and carbon
      dioxide fixation, the latter involving a partial reverse tricarboxylic acid
      cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424085
TI  - Prostaglandins as mediators of vasotonia in the immature retina.
AB  - In vivo observations of the immature beagle puppy retina indicates that in
      general O2-breathing induces vasoconstriction whereas CO2 or CO2 combined with O2
      induces vasodilation. It was the goal of this study to determine whether a
      specific correlation could be found between this pattern of vascular response to
      changes in blood gas content and production of prostaglandins in the eye.
      Prostaglandin production by puppy choroidal and retinal tissues and platelets
      exposed in vitro to these gas combinations was such that it appears platelet
      derived thromboxane could have a significant influence in determining retinal
      vasotonia.

PMID- 6424086
TI  - Hyperammonemia in lysinuric protein intolerance.
AB  - Two brothers with hyperdibasicaminoaciduria and postprandial hyperammonemia
      showed characteristics of lysinuric protein intolerance. Intravenous alanine load
      produced hyperammonemia that was aborted by oral supplementation with arginine in
      one brother but not in the other, although both patients had almost the same
      intestinal malabsorption of arginine. This occurrence suggests that even a small
      amount of arginine, when absorbed into the blood, can normalize the affected
      ammonia metabolism of lysinuric protein intolerance. Two patients with cystinuria
      developed marked hyperammonemia when they received an intravenous alanine load
      after a 19-hour fast. As both patients displayed a reduced plasma concentration
      of arginine and ornithine at this time, the hyperammonemia was assumed to arise
      from the low plasma amino acid level. It seems likely that a decrease in plasma
      levels of urea cycle substrate causes a failure of the tissue urea cycle
      metabolism. Thus the impaired ammonia metabolism in lysinuric protein intolerance
      would be attributed to the low plasma arginine and ornithine levels.

PMID- 6424087
TI  - Intravenous nitrogen intake requirements in full-term newborns undergoing
      surgery.
AB  - To determine the intravenous intake of nitrogen needed to duplicate the weight
      gain and nitrogen retention observed in healthy infants fed human milk, full-term
      infants had weight change and nitrogen balance measured postoperatively while
      they were receiving two different parenteral regimens which provided adequate
      energy (87 kcal/kg/d) and varying intakes of nitrogen as crystalline amino acids
      (290 to 579 mg/kg/d) over a six-day period. Weight change was similar to that
      observed in breast-fed infants (35 g/d) and was independent of nitrogen intake. A
      significant correlation was observed between nitrogen intake and retention (r =
      .71, P less than .01). Substituting the rate of nitrogen retention observed in
      thriving full-term infants fed human milk into the regression equation describing
      the relationship between nitrogen intake and retention, the nitrogen intake
      required by parenterally fed infants in order to duplicate the accretion rate of
      their milk-fed counterparts was 280 mg/kg/d. After correcting for individual
      variation, recommended intravenous amino acid intakes range from 2.3 to 2.7
      g/kg/d depending on the commercial amino acid formulation chosen and providing
      that adequate amounts of energy are concurrently infused.

PMID- 6424088
TI  - The health of children, a crisis of ethics.

PMID- 6424089
TI  - [Etiology of the inflammatory process in chronic pneumonia and mucoviscidosis in
      children].

PMID- 6424090
TI  - Agents interfering with the platelet-vessel wall interaction.
AB  - Drugs that inhibit platelet activation may prevent thrombosis and
      atherosclerosis. The mechanism by which coumarins, heparin, calmodulin
      inhibitors, calcium entry blockers, drugs that interfere with cyclic AMP function
      and arachidonate metabolism, and several other compounds might achieve this
      protection, is discussed. Only a few of these drugs (acetylsalicylic acid,
      dipyridamole, sulfinpyrazone) have been tested for clinical efficacy in man. So
      far the results of these studies have revealed modest protection from infarction
      and other cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 6424091
TI  - [Repair of sublethal damage in cultured cells derived from mouse squamous cell
      carcinoma following an irradiation of mixed neutrons and x-rays].

PMID- 6424092
TI  - [Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from organs of young lambs].
AB  - Samples of organs from 50 lambs, 3-45 days old, brought to this laboratory from
      44 different flocks for post mortem examination, were examined for Listeria
      monocytogenes. Various diseases were found as cause of the death. The bacterium
      was isolated from 3 lambs (6%) which had died from E. coli-septicaemia. Two of
      these lambs were 3 days old whereas the third was 23 days.

PMID- 6424093
TI  - Endocrine profiles and egg quality in the superovulated cow.
AB  - Plasma progesterone- and LH concentrations were studied in lactating dairy cows
      around the superovulatory heat. The pattern of both hormones accurately reflected
      the donor animals' endocrine balance and could be used to evaluate and predict
      the subsequent potentials or quality of a given animal as embryo- and oocyte
      donor. It was the general impression that both PMSG- and FSH treatment caused
      endocrine changes in progesterone- and LH patterns that would account for
      improper oocyte- and embryo development.

PMID- 6424094
TI  - [Oncogenes. 1].

PMID- 6424095
TI  - A novel DNA polymerase induced by Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29.
AB  - A novel DNA polymerase induced by Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29 has been
      identified. This polymerase can be separated from host DNA polymerase, by
      fractionation of extracts prepared from phage infected cells, using
      phosphocellulose chromatography. The isolated polymerase prefers
      poly(dA)oligo(dT) as template. The DNA polymerase isolated from the cells
      infected with a gene 2 temperature sensitive mutant (ts2) showed greater heat
      lability than that induced by wild type phi 29. The ts2 DNA polymerase was also
      thermolabile for its activity in the formation of a covalent complex between phi
      29 terminal protein and dAMP, the initiation step of phi 29 DNA replication.
      These findings indicate that gene 2 is the structural gene for a phi 29 DNA
      polymerase required for the complex formation step of DNA initiation.

PMID- 6424096
TI  - The nucleotide sequences of tRNASer (GCU) and tRNAGln (UUG) genes from tobacco
      chloroplasts.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of tobacco chloroplast genes for tRNASer (GCU) and
      tRNAGln (UUG) have been determined. These tRNA genes are encoded on the same DNA
      strand and separated by 1144 bp. Two open reading frames of 52 codons and 98
      codons have been found in this spacer region. The tRNASer (GCU) and tRNAGln (UUG)
      deduced from the DNA sequences show 67% and 76% sequence homologies with E. coli
      tRNASer (GCU) and tRNAGln (UUG), respectively.

PMID- 6424097
TI  - The effect of nucleotide analogs on cell-free gene expression.
AB  - The effects of the following pyrimidine nucleoside 5'-triphosphates: f5 UTP, br5
      UTP, rTTP, s2 UTP, s4 UTP and s2 CTP on cell-free expression of the beta
      galactosidase gene in lambda h80dlac DNA as well as the galactokinase gene in
      plasmid 01-14 were investigated. Only rTTP could substitute UTP in cell-free gene
      expression without restriction. Combinations of the other analogs with their
      respective natural congeners led to inhibition of gene expression. All analogs
      were found to inhibit transcription. Whereas br5 UTP and s4 UTP did not affect
      translation, mRNA containing s2 UMP or s2 CMP residues respectively was found to
      function poorly in translation. Only in the case of f5 UTP could ambiguitive
      behaviour be demonstrated. Whether mispairing of f5 UMP residues, responsible for
      this ambiguity takes place in transcription or in translation, could not be
      decided.

PMID- 6424098
TI  - Tautomerism and conformation of the promutagenic analogue N6-methoxy-2',3',5'-tri
      O-methyladenosine.
AB  - N6-Methoxy-2',3',5'-tri-O-methyladenosine crystallizes in space group
      P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell dimensions a = 4.693, b = 11.412, c = 31.741 A. Least
      squares refinement of diffractometer data converged at R = 0.038. The location of
      a hydrogen atom at N1 and the observed bond lengths and bond angles indicate
      unequivocally the imino tautomer of the adenine moiety. The N6-methoxy group is
      oriented syn to N1 and the glycosidic torsion angle XCN is -3.6 degrees, i.e. in
      the anti range. The furanose ring has a C2'-exo/C3'- endo pucker (P = 0.9
      degrees) and is unusually flattened (tau m = 30.0 degrees). The conformations of
      the O-methyl groups of the ribose ring are compared with those of monomethylated
      nucleosides, including the biologically important 2'-O-methyl nucleosides.
      Evidence is presented for the existence of C-H ... N intermolecular hydrogen
      bonds between adenine moieties. Bearing in mind that N6-methoxyadenosine is a
      promutagenic analogue, the results are compared with those for the corresponding
      promutagenic N4-methoxycytidine. They are also discussed in relation to the
      tautomerism, the conformation of the N6-methoxy group, and the associated base
      pairing abilities in the absence and presence of polymerases.

PMID- 6424099
TI  - Xenopus laevis 18S ribosomal RNA: experimental determination of secondary
      structural elements, and locations of methyl groups in the secondary structure
      model.
AB  - 18S ribosomal RNA from X. laevis was subjected to partial digestion with
      ribonucleases A or T1 under a variety of conditions, and base-paired fragments
      were isolated. Sequence analysis of the fragments enabled five base-paired
      secondary structural elements of the 18S RNA to be established. Four of these
      elements (covering bases 221-256, 713-757, 1494-1555 and 1669-1779) confirm our
      previous secondary structure predictions, whereas the fifth (comprising bases
      1103-1125) represents a phylogenetically conserved "switch" structure, which can
      also form in prokaryotic 16S RNA. The results are incorporated into a refined
      model of the 18S RNA secondary structure, which also includes the locations of
      the many methyl groups in X. laevis 18S RNA. In general the methyl groups occur
      in non-helical regions, at hairpin loop ends, or at helix boundaries and
      imperfections. One large cluster of 2'-O-methyl groups occurs in a region of
      complicated secondary structure in the 5'-one third of the molecule.

PMID- 6424100
TI  - Tadworth revisited.

PMID- 6424101
TI  - Focus on the elderly: there's no place like home.

PMID- 6424102
TI  - Actions of intracerebroventricular administration of kyotorphin and an analog on
      thermoregulation in the mouse.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of kyotorphin (L-Tyr-L-Arg) and
      cyclo (N-methyl-L-Tyr-L-Arg), its analog, produced significant dose-dependent
      hypothermic responses in mice at an ambient temperature of 24 degrees C. The
      hypothermic action of kyotorphin was much greater than that of Met-enkephalin
      (Met-ENK) but less than that of cyclo NMTA. This action was slightly but not
      significantly reversed by intraperitoneally administered naloxone (8 mg/kg), an
      opioid receptor antagonist. Met-ENK utilized as a control peptide in this study
      also produced a dose-dependent hypothermia which was slightly antagonized by
      naloxone (8 mg/kg, IP). Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) injected ICV produced
      hyperthermia dose-dependently. The hypothermia induced by kyotorphin, its cyclic
      analog and Met-ENK was prevented by a small dose of TRH (0.18 microgram = 0.5
      nmol/animal) which by itself had little effect on body temperature. A TRH
      neuronal system in the brain may explain the mechanism of kyotorphin-induced
      hypothermia. However, there was little evidence of involvement of opioid
      receptors. The present study demonstrates a potent action of kyotorphin and its
      analog on thermoregulation.

PMID- 6424103
TI  - Synthetic hpGRF 1-40 stimulates growth hormone and inhibits prolactin secretion
      in normal children and children with isolated growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Intravenously administered synthetic hpGRF 1-40 at doses of 0.1, 0.33 and 1.0
      microgram/kg increased plasma GH in a dose-dependent fashion in 4 normal
      prepubertal children. hpGRF 1-40 at the dose of 1.0 microgram/kg stimulated GH
      release, though to a lesser extent than in normals, in 7 children with isolated
      GH-deficiency (IGHD) but failed to do so in a patient with craniopharyngioma. In
      all normal children and 6/7 patients with IGHD, hpGRF 1-40 at all doses used
      induced a clear and sustained lowering of plasma prolactin levels; this effect
      was lacking in the patient with craniopharyngioma. hpGRF 1-40 had no effect on
      plasma FSH, LH, TSH or glucose levels nor did it influence pulse rate, blood
      pressure, or body temperature. These results indicate that hpGRF 1-40 is a potent
      stimulus to GH release in normal prepubertal children and holds promise for
      treatment of GH-deficient children. In addition, in both normal children and
      children with IGHD, hpGRF 1-40 is a potent suppressor of prolactin levels.

PMID- 6424104
TI  - [Effectiveness of netilmicin in the treatment of urinary tract infections].

PMID- 6424105
TI  - [Effect of a respiratory analeptic on capillary and transcutaneously measured
      blood gases in patients with global respiratory insufficiency in oxygen
      inhalation].

PMID- 6424106
TI  - Characterization of three aminopeptidases purified from human placenta.
AB  - Three aminopeptidases purified from the human placenta were characterized and
      compared with each other. Aminopeptidase II1 preferred L-arginine- and L-lysine
      beta-naphthylamides or p-nitroanilides as substrate, with low or negligible
      hydrolysis of other amino acid derivatives. It was inhibited by L-arginine, L
      lysine and L-methionine. This enzyme activity was highly sensitive to heat
      treatment, N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, puromycin, bestatin,
      epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid (EACA) and EDTA. After EDTA, this enzyme could be
      reactivated by Co2+. It is concluded that aminopeptidase II1 is identical with
      arginine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.6) from other mammalian tissues.
      Aminopeptidase II2 preferred L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide and p-nitroanilide as
      substrates. It was also able to hydrolyse L-leucine, L-arginine, L-methionine and
      L-lysine derivatives but only very weakly L-cystine and Bz-L-cysteine substrates.
      This enzyme was inhibited by L-arginine, L-alanine, L-lysine and most strongly by
      L-leucine and L-methionine. It was resistant to bestatin and heat treatment but
      sensitive to EACA. EDTA caused a marked suppression, which could be prevented by
      Co2+ and Zn2+. These characteristics are reminiscent of those of alanine
      aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.-) found in other tissues. The third enzyme was the
      only one clearly particle bound and was therefore called PB-aminopeptidase. It
      preferred L-leucine derivatives as substrate but also readily hydrolysed other
      amino acid-beta-naphthylamides and p-nitroanilides including L-cystine and Bz-L
      cysteine substrates. Among the amino acids L-cysteine, L-leucine and L-methionine
      were inhibitory. Bestatin and thiol reagents were without effect and EACA was
      only moderately inhibitory. EDTA caused a strong suppression, which could be
      prevented by Co2+ and Zn2+. These properties are equal to those previously
      described for the placental cystine aminopeptidase (oxytocinase) (EC 3.4.11.3).
      All three enzymes had an optimum close to neutral pH but apparent differences in
      their Km and Vmax values with various substrates. These findings suggest that the
      three purified aminopeptidases are distinct enzymes. Two of these
      (aminopeptidases II1 and II2) have not previously been isolated and characterized
      in the human placenta.

PMID- 6424107
TI  - [Thyroliberin test after treatment of thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - The thyroliberin (TRH) test was used for examining 343 persons. The substance was
      injected intravenously in a dose of 200 micrograms, with thyrotropin (TTH) being
      studied by radioimmunoassay before and 30 minutes after stimulation. The test was
      performed over time after operation and drug treatment of diffuse toxic goiter in
      the course of 1-3 years of follow up. The test was ascertained to be informative
      for thyrotoxicosis. During mercazolyl treatment the increase in the test
      estimates was slow in progress. After the attainment of euthyrosis these
      estimates were on the average below normal (for 3-6 months). The pituitary
      reserves of TTH were not recovered until one year after operation and drug
      treatment. If thyrotoxicosis recurred, the test estimates dramatically fell
      again, but exceeded normal in the development of hypothyrosis that mostly ran a
      latent and subclinical course. The test is of importance for the diagnosis of
      thyrotoxicosis and appraisal of the time course of the health status after drug
      treatment, since it helps individualize the treatment and identify the relapse or
      excessive suppression of thyroid function. Repeated making of the TRH test after
      strumectomy enables making early diagnosis and prediction of hyperthyrosis. After
      mercazolyl treatment hypothyrosis is commonly reversible whereas postoperative
      hypothyrosis normally progresses, thereby requiring substitution therapy.

PMID- 6424108
TI  - [Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone secretion and calcium metabolism in patients
      with diffuse toxic goiter during treatment with lithium carbonate].
AB  - Seventy-six patients (6 males and 70 females) with diffuse toxic goiter, stages I
      II, received lithium carbonate as a thyrostatic drug. The drug dose ranged from
      900 to 1500 g depending on the degree of the disease clinical symptoms. The
      treatment with lithium lasted 45 days. Before drug administration and on days 7,
      15, 30 and 45 of treatment the content of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)
      and calcitonin was measured in the thyroid, that of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in
      the parathyroid gland, and that of thyrotropic hormone (TTH) in the pituitary.
      The concentration of ionized calcium in the serum, calcium excretion with urine,
      and tubular calcium reabsorption were measured concurrently. In patients with
      diffuse toxic goiter treated with lithium, calcium excretion with urine
      substantially reduced, whereas tubular reabsorption of calcium and phosphates
      increased. However, serum calcium concentration did not rise, remaining within
      normal during all the treatment periods. In the author's opinion, this was
      favoured by two factors: the lithium-induced increase in interstitial calcium
      absorption on the one hand and compensatory increase in PTH secretion on the
      other one. The decreased content of thyronines in the hemocirculation (T3, T4), a
      short-term elevation of TTH and calcitonin elevation in the blood and steady
      increase in PTH secretion were characteristic features of the time course of the
      hormonal parameters in patients with toxic goiter treated with lithium.

PMID- 6424109
TI  - [Use of biguanide preparations in the treatment of diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The blood content of lactic acid was measured in 186 patients with overt diabetes
      mellitus. The patients had normal or excess body weight and were placed on
      different treatment methods during decompensation, subcompensation and
      compensation stages. During diabetes mellitus compensation attained with
      different treatment methods as well as during treatment including biguanides in
      the presence of normoglycemia, the mean blood level of lactic acid did not differ
      significantly from its mean content in normal subjects. Patients with
      decompensated diabetes mellitus manifested a significant elevation of the mean
      blood content of lactic acid. There was a definite relationship between the
      glycemia and high lactic acid level in the blood. Based on an analysis of the
      reported data and own materials the conclusion is drawn that biguanides should
      not be used in the treatment of decompensated diabetes mellitus, since this may
      lead to an increase in blood lactic acid and to the growth of lactic acidosis
      risk. It is proposed that contraindications to the use of biguanides in diabetes
      mellitus patients should also include hyperglycemia. Indications to the use of
      biguanides in diabetes mellitus patients are provided as well as the table of
      diseases in which biguanides are contraindicated. A list of drugs incompatible
      with biguanides is also presented. It is recommended that biguanides should not
      be applied for over 4 to 6 months. It is also recommended that detection of blood
      lactic acid should be introduced into medical practice on a wider basis, since
      lactic acidosis cannot be diagnosed without using such a test.

PMID- 6424110
TI  - Streptococcus mutans establishment and changes in salivary IgA in young children
      with reference to dental caries. Longitudinal studies and studies on associated
      methods.

PMID- 6424111
TI  - Identification of a mutant human insulin predicted to contain a serine-for
      phenylalanine substitution.
AB  - Using information gained from (i) the relative HPLC retention of an abnormal
      insulin present in the serum of a hyperinsulinemic diabetic patient and (ii) the
      loss of an Mbo II restriction site in one of the patient's insulin gene alleles,
      it was recently predicted that the mutant insulin contained a serine-for
      phenylalanine substitution at position B24 or B25. We have now prepared human
      [SerB24]insulin and [SerB25]insulin by solid-phase peptide synthesis and
      semisynthesis using an improved approach whereby the protecting groups can be
      removed from the final product in a single step. During reversed-phase HPLC
      analysis, the two semisynthetic insulins were clearly separated from normal
      insulin and from each other. Analysis of the patient's immunoaffinity-purified
      serum insulin by HPLC and radioimmunoassay showed that the insulin eluted at the
      position of [SerB24]insulin and coeluted with the analog when the two were
      studied in admixture. Additional studies showed that [SerB24]insulin and
      [SerB25]insulin have about 16% and 0.5% of the activity of normal insulin,
      respectively, in stimulating glucose oxidation by isolated rat adipocytes. We
      conclude that the patient's abnormal insulin (insulin Los Angeles) is human
      [SerB24]insulin and that abnormal insulins with amino acid replacements at both
      positions B24 and B25 can be associated with human diabetes.

PMID- 6424112
TI  - Translocation of an immunoglobulin kappa locus to a region 3' of an unrearranged
      c-myc oncogene enhances c-myc transcription.
AB  - We have studied somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma and JI Burkitt
      lymphoma cells carrying a t(2;8) chromosome translocation for the expression of
      human kappa chains. and for the presence and rearrangements of the human c-myc
      oncogene and kappa chain genes. Our results indicate that the c-myc oncogene is
      unrearranged and remains on the 8q+ chromosome of JI cells. Two rearranged C
      kappa genes were detected: the expressed allele on normal chromosome 2 and the
      excluded kappa allele that was translocated from chromosome 2 to the involved
      chromosome 8 (8q+). The distribution of V kappa and C kappa genes in hybrid
      clones retaining different human chromosomes indicated that C kappa is distal to
      V kappa on 2p and that the breakpoint in this Burkitt lymphoma is within the
      region carrying V kappa genes. High levels of transcripts of the c-myc gene were
      found when it resided on the 8q+ chromosome but not on the normal chromosome 8,
      demonstrating that translocation of a kappa locus to region distal to the c-myc
      oncogene enhances c-myc transcription.

PMID- 6424113
TI  - Monoclonal antibody cross-reactions between Drosophila and human brain.
AB  - A panel of 146 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), obtained with Drosophila
      melanogaster tissue as primary immunogen, was tested for cross-reactivity with
      the human central nervous system. Sites examined included spinal cord,
      cerebellum, hippocampus, and optic nerve. Nonnervous tissues tested were liver
      and lymph node. Approximately half of the antibodies reacted with one or more
      sites in the human central nervous system, identifying regional, cell class, and
      subcellular antigens. Some recognized neuronal, glial, or axonal subsets.
      Immunoblot analysis revealed that some antibodies reacted with similar antigen
      patterns in both species.

PMID- 6424114
TI  - beta-Lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of acyclic depsipeptides and acyl transfer to
      specific amino acid acceptors.
AB  - beta-Lactamases from all three classes, A, B, and C, catalyze the hydrolysis of
      specific acyclic depsipeptide (PhCH2CONHCR1R2CO2CHR3CO2H) analogs of acyl-D
      alanyl-D-alanine peptides. The depsipeptides investigated, which are chemically
      as reactive toward nucleophiles as penicillins, are in general poor substrates,
      although differences between the classes of beta-lactamases have been observed:
      the order of effectiveness seems to be C greater than B greater than A. Certain
      class A and C beta-lactamases also catalyze phenylacetylglycyl transfer between
      phenylacetylglycyl depsipeptides and specific amino acid acceptors, a type of
      reaction hitherto identified more closely with D-alanyl-D-alanine transpeptidases
      than with beta-lactamases. Preliminary indications of an acyl-enzyme intermediate
      in these reactions have been obtained. These results support the suggestion
      [Tipper, D.J. and Strominger, J.L. (1965) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 54, 1133
      1141] that beta-lactamases are evolutionary descendants of bacterial cell wall D
      alanyl-D-alanine transpeptidases.

PMID- 6424115
TI  - N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine: a cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidation product of
      acetaminophen.
AB  - N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) has been proposed as the toxic metabolite
      of acetaminophen for the past 10 years, although it has never been detected as an
      enzymatic oxidation product of acetaminophen. We report (i) direct detection of
      NAPQI formed as an oxidation product of acetaminophen by cytochrome P-450 and
      cumene hydroperoxide and (ii) indirect evidence that is compelling for NAPQI
      formation from acetaminophen by cytochrome P-450, NADPH, and NADPH-cytochrome P
      450 reductase. Evidence is provided for the rapid reduction of NAPQI back to
      acetaminophen by NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase such that steady
      state levels of NAPQI were below our detection limits of 6.7 X 10(-8) M. In mouse
      liver microsomal incubations, radiolabeled analogs of both NAPQI and
      acetaminophen bound covalently to microsomal protein with the loss of
      approximately equal to 20% of the acetyl group as acetamide. The binding in each
      case was decreased by glutathione with concomitant formation of 3-S
      glutathionylacetaminophen. The binding also was decreased by L-ascorbic acid,
      NADPH, and NADH with reduction of NAPQI to acetaminophen. Results of partitioning
      experiments indicate that NAPQI is a major metabolite of acetaminophen, a
      considerable fraction of which is rapidly reduced back to acetaminophen.

PMID- 6424117
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of concanavalin A receptors on cloned
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - A small set of concanavalin A (Con A)-binding glycoproteins was isolated from the
      surface membrane of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and partly identified
      using monoclonal antibodies. The binding of Con A by these glycoproteins on the
      CTL surface results in the secretion of gamma-interferon and in blocking the
      effector functions of the cells-namely, antigen-specific and lectin-dependent
      cytotoxicity. The Con A is evidently bound tightly to some surface structures
      ("Con A-receptors") that are required for the activation and cytotoxic activity
      of CTL. To isolate and identify these receptors, antibodies to Con A were used.
      After Con A was allowed to bind to radiolabeled cloned CTL (labeled with 125I or
      [35S]methionine or 3H-labeled amino acids), the cells were washed thoroughly,
      lysed in detergents and anti-Con A antibodies were added to bind to the Con A
      receptor complexes. The resulting aggregates were adsorbed with protein A-bearing
      Staphylococci and the receptors were then specifically released from the pelleted
      bacteria by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Eight to nine labeled components were
      seen by autoradiography and with the aid of monoclonal antibodies to known T-cell
      surface molecules, four were identified as T200, lymphocyte function-associated
      antigen (LFA)-1, alpha- and beta-chains, and (on some clones) Lyt-2. Other
      components with Mr congruent to 160,000, 120,000, 46,000, 42,000, and 23,000 have
      not been identified. The procedures described here may have general application
      in the studies of the functional properties of other cell surface molecules.

PMID- 6424116
TI  - Characteristics of human lipoproteins isolated by selected-affinity
      immunosorption of apolipoprotein A-I.
AB  - We have isolated high density lipoproteins (HDL) from human serum by a new
      strategy, selected-affinity immunosorption, avoiding perturbation from
      ultracentrifugation or polyanion precipitation. The principle of this strategy is
      to utilize a subpopulation of monospecific antibodies directed against
      apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), which was preselected for dissociation under mild
      conditions of elution. Particles containing more than 90% of the apo A-I
      contained in serum were isolated uncontaminated by any other serum proteins. The
      immunoaffinity columns have been cycled over 300 times without apparent
      diminution in capacity. The apo A-I-containing particles sequestered from serum
      by immunosorption were more polydisperse in diameter and contained more protein
      than in ultracentrifugally isolated HDL. They also contained minor
      apolipoproteins that were not observed in ultracentrifuged HDL. Furthermore, the
      apo A-I-containing particles had different electrophoretic mobilities from those
      of ultracentrifugally isolated HDL when run under nondenaturing conditions in
      polyacrylamide gels. The apo A-I-containing particles isolated by our procedure
      separate into discrete bands similar to the subspecies visualized when whole
      serum is subjected to electrophoresis, whereas ultracentrifuged HDL migrate as
      two broad featureless zones. This suggests that selected affinity immunosorption
      does not subject the lipoproteins to structural disruption like that which occurs
      during ultracentrifugation. The principle of selected-affinity immunosorption
      should be of widespread utility in the isolation of fragile biological complexes.

PMID- 6424118
TI  - Identification of a sulfate-bearing molecule associated with HLA class II
      antigens.
AB  - The human Ia antigens (DR, DS, and SB), determined by genes contained within the
      HLA complex on chromosome 6, are glycoprotein heterodimers consisting of a Mr
      approximately equal to 34,000 alpha chain and a Mr approximately equal to 28,000
      beta chain. As a result of studies exploring the possibility that alpha or beta
      (or both) might be sulfated, a unique component of the oligomeric Ia antigen
      complex was discovered. When anti-Ia immunoprecipitates from Nonidet P-40 lysates
      of [35S]sulfate-labeled lymphoid cells were analyzed by NaDodSO4/PAGE, a molecule
      of considerable size heterogeneity (Mr 40,000-70,000) was observed. This
      component was present in both anti-DR and anti-DS immunoprecipitates prepared
      from both human tonsil cells and lymphoblastoid B-cell lines but was not observed
      in control precipitates or in association with immunoglobulin or class I HLA
      molecules. Preliminary biochemical studies indicate that this Mr 40,000-70,000
      molecule is polyanionic, disperse in molecular weight, and sensitive to protease
      digestion. The sulfate-bearing moiety of this component was resistant to Pronase
      but sensitive to chondroitinase ABC, indicating that this molecule belongs to the
      chondroitin sulfate class of proteoglycans.

PMID- 6424119
TI  - Growth hormone-releasing factor regulates growth hormone mRNA in primary cultures
      of rat pituitary cells.
AB  - A peptide with high intrinsic activity for specifically stimulating the secretion
      of immunoreactive growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) has been characterized and
      reproduced by total synthesis. This peptide, human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor, 44-amino-acid form (hpGRF1-44-NH2), was isolated from a tumor
      localized in the pancreas of a patient with acromegaly. We report here the effect
      of this growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on GH release and the GH mRNA
      levels in monolayer cultures of rat pituitary. The cytoplasmic dot hybridization
      technique was used to examine the effect of GRF on GH mRNA levels. Incubation of
      rat pituitary cultures with GRF for 72 hr resulted in a 2- to 2.5-fold increase
      in GH mRNA levels, and the maximal levels of stimulation were achieved at GRF
      concentrations as low as 1 fM. GRF did not stimulate prolactin release, nor did
      it affect specific prolactin mRNA levels in the pituitary cultures. We conclude
      that GRF is a potent and specific GH secretagogue that also affects specifically
      GH mRNA levels in normal pituitary cells.

PMID- 6424120
TI  - Purification in a functional form of the terminal protein of Bacillus subtilis
      phage phi 29.
AB  - Phage phi 29 terminal protein, p3, essentially pure, was isolated in a denatured
      form from viral particles, and anti-p3 antiserum was obtained. A radioimmunoassay
      to detect and quantitate protein p3 was developed. By using this assay, native
      protein p3 was highly purified from Escherichia coli cells harboring a gene 3
      containing recombinant plasmid. After three purification steps, the protein was
      more than 96% pure; its amino acid composition was very similar to that deduced
      from the nucleotide sequence of gene 3. The purified protein was active in the
      formation of the covalent p3-dAMP initiation complex when supplemented with
      extracts of B. subtilis infected with a sus mutant of phi 29 in gene 3. No DNA
      polymerase or ATPase activities were present in the final preparation of protein
      p3.

PMID- 6424121
TI  - A quantitative dot-immunobinding assay for proteins using nitrocellulose membrane
      filters.
AB  - An immunoassay method is described for the quantitative determination of synapsin
      I (protein I) and of a 36,000-dalton membrane protein from rat brain synaptic
      vesicles. The samples are spotted on nitrocellulose membrane filters, incubated
      sequentially with specific antibodies and 125I-labeled protein A, and assayed for
      radioactivity in a gamma scintillation counter. Conditions have been established
      to prevent losses of protein from the sheets during processing, to quench
      background radioactivity, and to adjust the sensitivity to the range desired. A
      large number of samples can be handled in parallel. The assay does not require
      iodination of the antigen and is accurate even with crude tissue samples.
      Standard curves were linear over a 20- to 50-fold range. The sensitivity of the
      method is such that 10 pmol of synapsin I and 50 ng of total vesicle membrane
      protein could be measured with accuracy. The method should prove useful for a
      wide range of proteins.

PMID- 6424122
TI  - Cloned Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase genes are correctly expressed after
      transfection into Drosophila cells in culture.
AB  - We have obtained correct transcription of the cloned alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)
      gene of Drosophila melanogaster after DNA-mediated gene transfer into Drosophila
      cells in culture. Supercoiled plasmids, each containing various regions of the
      Adh gene cloned in pBR327, were introduced into Schneider line 2 (SL2) cells by
      the calcium phosphate-DNA transfection technique. Although these cells do not
      normally express their endogenous Adh genes, they do express the exogenous genes
      as shown by primer extension and nuclease S1 analyses of RNA isolated 48 hr after
      transfection. The resulting alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) transcripts, both the
      larval and adult types, have the correct 5' ends and are properly spliced. The
      transfected cells have also acquired ADH enzyme activity. The levels of enzyme
      activity and of ADH protein crossreacting material in cells transfected with
      different Adh plasmids correlate directly with the level of ADH transcripts. When
      a mutant Adh gene cloned from an ADH-negative mutant fly with a defect in the
      splicing of ADH RNA is transfected into the Schneider line 2 cells, the resulting
      ADH RNA is not spliced properly and there is no synthesis of ADH; thus, the
      mutant gene transfection into cell culture mimics the mutant phenotypes observed
      in the mutant fly.

PMID- 6424123
TI  - A genomic gene encoding the b5 rabbit immunoglobulin kappa constant region:
      implications for latent allotype phenomenon.
AB  - We previously reported that domestic rabbits of five immunoglobulin kappa
      allotype strains (b4v, b4, b5, b6, and b9) harbor at least two DNA sequences that
      hybridize strongly to kappa constant region probes in Southern blots. One of
      these sequences ("type A") has been identified as encoding the constant region of
      the kappa 2 isotype, an immunoglobulin chain that most rabbits express only at
      low levels, if at all. We identified the second sequence--for rabbits of the b4
      allotype--as encoding the nominal b4 kappa chain (or kappa 1 isotype), but for
      rabbits of other allotypes no definite identification for this "type B" sequence
      could be made. Here we suggest that the type B sequence in rabbits of the other
      domestic allotypes also encodes the nominal kappa 1 immunoglobulin chain. We show
      this directly for the b5 allotype; a type B sequence cloned from b5 DNA has been
      found to contain an apparently functional gene encoding the b5 constant region
      sequence. Indirect arguments suggest the corresponding conclusion for the b4v,
      b6, and b9 allotypes. We have considered the implications of these results for
      the phenomenon of "latent allotype" expression.

PMID- 6424124
TI  - Kappa-chain allotypes and isotypes in the rabbit: cDNA sequences of clones
      encoding b9 suggest an evolutionary pathway and possible role of the interdomain
      disulfide bond in quantitative allotype expression.
AB  - The constant regions of rabbit kappa light chains are unusual because the
      sequences of the allotypic forms can differ more from each other than do some
      variable regions with which they associate. We report the nucleic acid sequence
      of a full-length cDNA clone of b9 allotype and show comparisons to available
      sequences of the rabbit kappa allotypes b4, b5, and bas-N4. Our analyses suggest
      that the primordial rabbit kappa gene encoded a bas-like sequence. They also
      reveal a surprising difference in the position of the variable region cysteine
      that forms the interdomain disulfide bond that is unique to most rabbit kappa
      chains. One b9 cDNA sequence lacks the usual cysteine-80 and instead encodes
      cysteine-108, which in three-dimensional models appears capable of forming the
      interdomain disulfide bond with cysteine-171 in the constant region. A partial
      sequence of a second b9 clone encodes both cysteine-80 and cysteine-108; the
      translation product of this clone could have a free reactive sulfhydryl group
      that might lead to an unstable nonfunctional Ig molecule. The fact that pre-B
      cells with b9 kappa chains do not differentiate and expand into productive Ig
      producing cells with frequencies comparable to the other allotypes may be
      explained if a substantial proportion of the gene products have a free sulfhydryl
      group. Our sequence results suggest that in cells differentiating to produce
      kappa light chains of b9 allotype the number and location of the cysteines
      influence immunoglobulin expression.

PMID- 6424125
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for a murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone.
AB  - Two antibody-secreting murine hybridomas, F1G3.1 and F2A11.5, have been
      established from B10.D2 mice immunized with cells from the murine cytotoxic T
      lymphocyte clone G4. The two clones used, G4 and B10, were derived from BALB.B (H
      2b) mice and the target antigen specificity of both maps to the Dd region of the
      murine H-2 complex. However, B10 has a lower affinity for the target cells, as
      shown by its lower specific killing of blasts and its higher susceptibility to
      blocking by anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibody 53-6.75. The monoclonal antibodies,
      F1G3.1 and F2A11.5, react only with cells from clone G4. Similarly, they block
      only the specific cytolysis mediated by G4; no effect on cytotoxicity mediated by
      B10 or by heterogeneous populations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was found. F1G3.1,
      especially, is very active in stimulating G4 to secrete immune interferon; B10 in
      contrast did not show any induction on treatment with these monoclonal
      antibodies. The structure of the surface antigen on G4 cells recognized by these
      monoclonal antibodies was revealed by immunoprecipitation studies of
      radioiodinated cell surface proteins. A protein dimer could be identified with an
      apparent molecular size of 80,000 daltons consisting of monomers migrating as
      42,000-dalton proteins on reduction. So far, electrophoresis in the presence of
      NaDodSO4 does not indicate any heterogeneity in the size of the monomers. This
      molecule can be distinguished from the Lyt-2 complex.

PMID- 6424126
TI  - Neuronal growth cones: specific interactions mediated by filopodial insertion and
      induction of coated vesicles.
AB  - We are interested in the factors that guide individual neuronal growth cones
      during embryonic development. Here we report on the discovery of a highly
      specific interaction between developing growth cones in the grasshopper embryo as
      revealed by transmission electron microscope serial-section reconstructions.
      Numerous filopodia from an identified growth cone (MP1) insert deep within
      another identified growth cone (pCC), inducing the formation of coated pits and
      vesicles. This interaction is highly specific, since filopodia from other nearby
      growth cones that contact the surface of the two interacting neurons neither
      penetrate them nor induce coated vesicles. These specific filopodial interactions
      may play an important role in the subsequent development of these neurons.

PMID- 6424127
TI  - Boyd Orr memorial lecture. Milk and the newborn animal.

PMID- 6424128
TI  - Growth hormone-releasing factor: chemistry and physiology.

PMID- 6424129
TI  - [Proposal for the education of nursing personnel at the university level].

PMID- 6424130
TI  - [Problem-oriented nursing care plan].

PMID- 6424131
TI  - Cardiovascular problems of the newborn and their etiologies.

PMID- 6424132
TI  - Neonatal methyl mercury exposure: biochemical mechanisms in the developing
      kidney.

PMID- 6424133
TI  - Glucocorticoid actions on lymphoid tissue and the immune system: physiologic and
      therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6424134
TI  - Studies on the formation and degradation of unsaturated fatty acid
      hydroperoxides.
AB  - Mechanistic aspects of lipoxygenase reactions are briefly reviewed. Results of
      studies on the degradation of an unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxide, i.e. 13-LS
      hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid, are presented.

PMID- 6424135
TI  - Biological consequences of fatty acid oxygenase reaction mechanisms.
AB  - Fatty acid oxygenases catalyze the insertion of molecular oxygen into
      polyunsaturated fatty acids. The enzymic reactions that have been studied in
      detail exhibit a continuous requirement for a hydroperoxide activator and appear
      to proceed by a free radical chain reaction. The self-limiting nature of fatty
      acid oxygenase-catalyzed reactions appears to be due to enzyme self-inactivation
      during the reaction rather than to product inhibition. Thus "suicide" substrates
      are potential regulators of overall enzyme activity, although linoleate is a much
      weaker inactivator than the highly unsaturated fatty acids. Inhibition by added
      glutathione peroxidase has demonstrated the need for hydroperoxide activator in
      the cyclooxygenase reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin H synthase and the
      lipoxygenase reactions catalyzed by lung, leukocyte, and soybean enzyme
      preparations. The regulation of cellular hydroperoxide levels may influence the
      formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids by fatty acid oxygenases.

PMID- 6424136
TI  - Comparative effects of indomethacin, acetylenic acids, 15-HETE,
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid and BW755C on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in
      human leukocytes and platelets.
AB  - Human leukocytes and platelets were preincubated with inhibitors of the oxidative
      metabolism of arachidonic acid, viz, indomethacin, BW755C, 5, 8, 11, 14
      eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), 5, 8, 11-eicosatriynoic acid, 15S-hydroxy-5, 8, 11,
      13-(Z, Z, Z, E)-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid
      (NDGA), prior to stimulation with the ionophore A23187 in the presence or absence
      of exogenous arachidonic acid. Eleven metabolites of arachidonic acid derived
      from the cyclooxygenase and the 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenases were measured by
      reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Indomethacin was
      the best inhibitor of the platelet cyclooxygenase (ID50 less than 10(-7)M) as
      assessed by measurement of 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT); ETYA was the
      most potent inhibitor of the 12- and 15-lipoxygenases (ID50 approximately 3 X 10(
      7)M) whereas NDGA was the most potent and selective inhibitor of the 5
      lipoxygenase (ID50 approximately 3 X 10(-7)M).

PMID- 6424137
TI  - Lipoxygenase activity of intact human platelets.
AB  - The oxygenation by lipoxygenase of different icosaenoic and docosaenoic acids by
      intact human platelets was studied. The HPLC analysis of the hydroxy compound (s)
      derived from icosaenoic acids showed that the 12-derivatives predominate. The
      increase of the fatty acid concentration markedly enhanced their oxygenation
      except for icosapentaenoic acid. The conversion of this acid into its hydroxy
      derivative rose in the presence of arachidonic acid, probably through both its
      cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase product formation. Since 12-hydroxy-icosaenoic
      acids are modulators of PGH2-induced platelet aggregation, we conclude that the
      interactions between polyunsaturated fatty acids during their oxygenation by
      platelet lipoxygenase could be relevant to the regulating activity of dietary
      fatty acids.

PMID- 6424139
TI  - Actions and interactions of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase products in
      respiratory and vascular tissues.
AB  - Actions of leukotrienes (LTs) B4, C4, D4 and E4 were found to be largely mediated
      via formation of cyclo-oxygenase products in guinea-pig isolated perfused lung
      and parenchymal strips. In contrast, LTs exerted a direct contractile effect on
      human isolated parenchymal and bronchial strips. An LT-like substance which had
      similar biological actions to LTD4 was generated from porcine and guinea-pig
      vascular tissue. The highest concentration of this material was formed by
      coronary and pulmonary arteries and the surrounding adventitia, as well as from
      the lung parenchyma.

PMID- 6424138
TI  - Glomeruli cooperate with macrophages in converting arachidonic acid to
      prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids.
AB  - The interaction of proliferating macrophages with the glomerulus may play an
      important role in certain forms of glomerulonephritis. This interaction could
      involve metabolites of arachidonic acid (C20:4) such as prostaglandins (PG) and
      lipoxygenase products. We therefore investigated the conversion of exogenous [3H]
      C20:4 into hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) and PG by isolated glomeruli and
      macrophages from rats, alone and in combination. As demonstrated by HPLC,
      glomeruli converted C20:4 predominantly to lipoxygenase products -mainly 12-HETE-
      and, to a lesser extent, to PG. Resident macrophages converted C20:4 to
      equivalent amounts of HETE and PG, mainly 12-HETE and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha. When
      macrophages and glomeruli were studied in combination, a striking interaction was
      detected in both pathways of C20:4 metabolism. Production of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha
      was stimulated and considerable amounts of TXB2, PGD2 and
      hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) were also produced. Total 12-HETE production
      was unchanged. When a lipid extract of glomeruli, containing oxygenated
      metabolites of C20:4, was added to macrophages, stimulation of 12-HETE occurred
      without any change in HHT or PG formation. When, on the contrary, a lipid extract
      from macrophages was added to glomeruli, 12-HETE production by the glomeruli was
      nearly completely abolished. Thus the unchanged total 12-HETE production by
      coincubated glomeruli and macrophages resulted from its increased production by
      macrophages and its decreased production by glomeruli. These data suggest that
      interaction between glomeruli and macrophages results in activation of C20:4
      metabolism by macrophages followed by inhibition of C20:4 metabolism by
      glomeruli. Such a regulatory process could play a role in the inflammatory
      response to immunological injuries during macrophage-dependent human and
      experimental glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6424140
TI  - The effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors in anaphylactic and inflammatory responses
      in vivo.

PMID- 6424141
TI  - High efficiency capillary column-gas chromatography mass spectrometry: analysis
      of the lipoxygenase pathway in eukaryot cells.
AB  - Lipoxygenases are ubiquitous enzymes able to oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty
      acids. This metabolic pathway leads to hydroperoxides, hydroxyepoxyene compounds
      and leukotrienes. Using high performance gas chromatography prior to mass
      spectrometry, we studied the activity of the lipoxygenases from mouse peritoneal
      macrophages. Further studies on mechanism of biosynthesis of hydroxyepoxyene
      compounds were successfully carried out using 18O2 labelled precursors.

PMID- 6424144
TI  - Anticonvulsant potency of common antiepileptic drugs in the gerbil.
AB  - In gerbils, 'minor' (myoclonic) and 'major' (clonic-tonic) seizures were induced
      by blowing at the animals with compressed air. The anticonvulsant ED50 of the
      following drugs was determined after oral administration against both types of
      seizures: phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, sodium valproate,
      ethosuximide, and diazepam. Valproate, ethosuximide, and diazepam were most
      potent against 'minor' seizures which could not or only partially be suppressed
      by phenytoin or carbamazepine, respectively. The 'grand mal' drugs phenytoin,
      phenobarbital, and carbamazepine were, on the other hand, more potent against
      'major' than against 'minor' seizures. When phenobarbital was administered for
      several days, a strong induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes occurred.

PMID- 6424145
TI  - 3H-spiroperidol binding sites in the rabbit superior mesenteric artery. A
      histoautoradiographic study.
AB  - The distribution of 3H-spiroperidol binding sites within rabbit superior
      mesenteric artery was studied in normal as well as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      sympathectomized animals using a histoautoradiographic technique. The labelled
      drug was located in the three layers of the artery (adventitia, media and
      intima), with the greater density in the media. In the adventitia the
      radiolabelled drug was located at the level of fibrous and connective cells. In
      the media 3H-spiroperidol was bound by smooth muscle cells and is found in the
      cellular membrane of the same cells. 6-OHDA administration causes an increase in
      the number of 3H-spiroperidol binding sites in the adventitia and as well as a 20
      25% increase in the media. The possible existence of a direct dopaminergic
      innervation of the superior mesenteric artery is discussed.

PMID- 6424146
TI  - High-frequency ventilation.
AB  - Complete physiological understanding of HFV requires knowledge of four general
      classes of information: 1) the distribution of airflow within the lung over a
      wide range of frequencies and VT (sect. IVA), 2) an understanding of the basic
      mechanisms whereby the local airflows lead to gas transport (sect. IVB), 3) a
      computational or theoretical model in which transport mechanisms are cast in such
      a form that they can be used to predict overall gas transport rates (sect. IVC),
      and 4) an experimental data base (sect. VI) that can be compared to model
      predictions. When compared with available experimental data, it becomes clear
      that none of the proposed models adequately describes all the experimental
      findings. Although the model of Kamm et al. is the only one capable of simulating
      the transition from small to large VT (as compared to dead-space volume), it
      fails to predict the gas transport observed experimentally with VT less than
      equipment dead space. The Fredberg model is not capable of predicting the
      observed tendency for VT to be a more important determinant of gas exchange than
      is frequency. The remaining models predict a greater influence of VT than
      frequency on gas transport (consistent with experimental observations) but in
      their current form cannot simulate the additional gas exchange associated with VT
      in excess of the dead-space volume nor the decreased efficacy of HFV above
      certain critical frequencies observed in both animals and humans. Thus all of
      these models are probably inadequate in detail. One important aspect of these
      various models is that some are based on transport experiments done in
      appropriately scaled physical models, whereas others are entirely theoretical.
      The experimental models are probably most useful in the prediction of pulmonary
      gas transport rates, whereas the physical models are of greater value in
      identifying the specific transport mechanism(s) responsible for gas exchange.
      However, both classes require a knowledge of the factors governing the
      distribution of airflow under the circumstances of study as well as requiring
      detail about lung anatomy and airway physical properties. Only when such factors
      are fully understood and incorporated into a general description of gas exchange
      by HFV will it be possible to predict or explain all experimental or clinical
      findings.

PMID- 6424147
TI  - Experimental ventricular preexcitation--type WPW syndrome.
AB  - Experimental ventricular preexcitation type WPW was performed in five dogs,
      through an artificial bypass, an electric conductor, made of copper, with a
      diameter of 8 mm and 12 cm in length. Whenever the conductor was put in contact
      with both the atrial and the ventricular wall, a WPW electrocardiogram pattern
      was obtained. This work has been done to better localize with epicardial mapping
      the site of preexcitation for surgical purposes.

PMID- 6424148
TI  - Spontaneous formation of immunogenic conjugates by 3-hydroxy-para-aminobenzoic
      acid--a biotransformation product of procaine and para-aminobenzoic acid.
AB  - 3-Hydroxy-para-aminobenzoic acid (3-HPABA), a biotransformation product of
      procaine and para-aminobenzoic acid, is capable of binding covalently to proteins
      by simple incubation at alkaline pH. When administered incorporated in Freund
      adjuvant to rabbits, 3-HPABA conjugates with normal rabbit serum proteins (3
      HPABA-NRS) give rise to both hapten specific antibodies and anti-NRS antibodies.
      Cross immunological reactions were found between 3-HPABA and ortho-aminophenol
      (OAP) and 3-hydroxy-sulfanilamide (3-HS) immunological systems, but not between 3
      HPABA and para-aminophenol (PAP) and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) immunological
      systems. The significance of these findings for the explanation of procaine
      allergy and the possible use of 3-HPABA conjugates for skin testing in procaine
      hypersensitivity is discussed.

PMID- 6424149
TI  - A comparative study of the renin-like activity in the heart and vascular system
      under various experimental conditions.
AB  - Renin-like activity in the heart and aorta of rats being slightly modified by
      binephrectomy, its variations in DOCA hypertension and infarcted ventricular
      muscle were studied. The daily i.p. administration of DOCA 12 mg/kg body weight
      for 35 days in male adult rats resulted in a significant decrease of renin
      activity in plasma and tissues of the heart, aorta, hypothalamus and hypophysis.
      In contrast to renin-like activity, cathepsin D measured in the same animals
      increased in all organs, except for the plasma. Similar changes of renin-like
      activity were observed in salt-loaded animals with 1.7% sodium chloride solution
      ad libitum for 35 days. In the infarcted myocardial ventricular muscle of the
      rats and rabbits, the tissue isorenin showed a tendency to decrease, associated
      with a significant increase in cathepsin D activity. Like in aorta, isorenin
      seems to be a different enzymatic entity of cathepsin D in the myocardial tissue.
      The measurement of isorenin content of the vascular endothelium and cardiac
      muscle fibers seems to reveal much higher amounts in the coronary vascular
      endothelium than in the myocardial fibres. The activation of the enzymatic
      angiotensin forming mechanisms in the coronary vascular bed could be one of the
      risk factors in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6424150
TI  - [Distribution of Na+-, K+ and Ca2+ ions in muscle tissue under the influence of
      the variation of the K/Ca ratio in the perfusion fluid].

PMID- 6424151
TI  - Experimental modulation of the plasmalemmal microfluidity. Studies on endothelial
      and aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The microfluidity of cell membranes has been modified experimentally in
      endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of bovine or monkey aorta cultured in
      vitro. Microfluidity was estimated by fluorescence depolarization measurements of
      diphenyl-hexatriene (DPH)-labelled cells. In both types of cells investigated,
      the arachidonic acid at concentration of 90 microM induced an increase in the
      microfluidity by 26-53% whereas the cholesterol at the same concentration
      produced a decrease in the microfluidity by 16-25%. The oleic acid in the range
      of 30 to 90 microM increased the monkey smooth muscle cell membranes
      microfluidity by 21-33% but did not change the microfluidity of endothelial and
      bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. The stearic acid did not influence the
      microfluidity of either type of cells under investigation. Cortisol at 90 microM
      changed the microfluidity of the bovine aortic endothelial cells plasmalemma
      depending on the incubation time. Possible factors of error in the physical
      measurements due to the extracellular localization of DPH have been identified.

PMID- 6424152
TI  - [Spectrophotometric modifications of the lymphocytic nucleus in different types
      of leukemia].

PMID- 6424153
TI  - [Non-digestive hormones and gastric secretion. Literature and personal
      experience].

PMID- 6424154
TI  - Intracranial enlargement of the orbital cavity and palpebral remodeling for
      orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Exophthalmos with lowering of the globe, eyelid enlargement, and canthal
      displacement are the usual consequences of orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis. A
      cerebral hernia into the orbit may be seen on CT scan. An intracranial approach
      allows for pushing back the brain with a bone graft to create an enlarged orbital
      cavity, lifting the globe with a graft on the orbital floor, and fixing the
      canthi in proper position. An eyelid radical resection is performed in the same
      stage or later. This approach is discussed in the treatment of 17 cases of
      orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6424155
TI  - An experience of diphtheria in Westminster.

PMID- 6424156
TI  - ACOG reflects on the National Natality and Fetal Mortality Surveys.

PMID- 6424157
TI  - AIDS, drug abuse, and mental health.

PMID- 6424158
TI  - Cigarette smoking: example of behavioral regulation of physiological homeostasis?

PMID- 6424159
TI  - The 1980 National Natality Survey and National Fetal Mortality Survey--methods
      used and PHS agency participation.
AB  - Seven Public Health Service agencies collaborated with the National Center for
      Health Statistics in designing, funding, and analyzing the 1980 National Natality
      Survey (NNS) and 1980 National Fetal Mortality Survey (NFMS). The 1980 NNS-NFMS
      were nationally representative surveys based on samples of 9,941 live birth vital
      records and 6,386 fetal death vital records, which were weighted up to reflect
      U.S. estimates of 3,612,258 live births and 19,202 fetal deaths at 28 weeks'
      gestation or more. Four types of potential respondents who were associated with
      the sampled deliveries (married mothers, hospitals, attendants at delivery, and
      other medical providers of radiation procedures) were mailed eight-page
      questionnaires. The aim of the questionnaires was to expand our knowledge of the
      relationships of social, demographic, maternal health, infant health, and
      radiation characteristics to live births and late fetal deaths. The methods used
      in the NNS-NFMS are described in detail since seven other articles and the
      editorial in this issue are based on these surveys. The availability of other NNS
      NFMS data is also discussed.

PMID- 6424160
TI  - Smoking and drinking behavior before and during pregnancy of married mothers of
      live-born infants and stillborn infants.
AB  - Data from the 1980 National Natality Survey (NNS) and the 1980 National Fetal
      Mortality Survey (NFMS) are used to describe the drinking and smoking behavior of
      married mothers before and during pregnancy according to maternal race and
      Hispanic origin, age, and education. Typically, smokers were white mothers under
      25 years of age with a high school education or less, and drinkers were white
      mothers 25 years of age and older with more than a high school education. When
      pregnancy was confirmed, reductions in smoking and drinking occurred. However,
      mothers of stillborn infants were less likely to stop smoking than were the
      mothers of live-born infants. Although the prevalence of drinking was much higher
      than was the prevalence of smoking among the mothers included in these surveys,
      the reduction in drinking was much more pronounced than was the reduction in
      smoking. For nearly every sociodemographic subgroup, the prevalence of smoking
      was higher and the prevalence of drinking was lower among mothers of stillborn
      infants than among mothers of live-born infants. Some of these differences are
      due to the age-race-health status makeup of the two NNS-NFMS populations sampled,
      and carefully controlled multivariate analyses are required to specify the
      relationship of maternal smoking and drinking to birth outcome. This descriptive
      analysis is the first step in that process.

PMID- 6424161
TI  - Social and clinical correlates of postpartum sterilization in the United States,
      1972 and 1980.
AB  - This analysis is based on the 1972 and 1980 National Natality Surveys, conducted
      by the National Center for Health Statistics. About 10.6 percent (381,000) of
      women in the United States who delivered live infants in 1980 were sterilized
      postpartum. About 93 percent of these postpartum sterilizations were tubal
      operations; only 1.4 percent were hysterectomies. Because the literature on the
      health correlates of sterilization is sparse, this analysis was exploratory. In
      both 1972 and 1980, married mothers were more likely to be sterilized postpartum
      if they had previous fetal losses, underlying medical conditions, complications
      of pregnancy, or a cesarean delivery. Inspection of more detailed tabulations
      reveals that repeat cesarean delivery, multiparity, diabetes and at the higher
      birth orders, excess weight gain, and toxemia preeclampsia were associated with
      postpartum sterilization. An apparent association with varicosity may be due to
      misreporting. The degree to which each of these associations is causal or
      spurious awaits further research, but preliminary analysis suggests that some
      maternal health factors may influence some sterilization decisions. Beyond these
      specific maternal health conditions and complications, the evidence for a
      connection between poor maternal health and sterilization is equivocal.

PMID- 6424162
TI  - Infant health consequences of childbearing by teenagers and older mothers.
AB  - The association of childbearing at early and late ages with various adverse
      outcomes of pregnancy was explored in data collected in the 1980 National
      Natality and Fetal Mortality Surveys. The characteristics of interest for teenage
      mothers were marital status at conception and the trimester of pregnancy in which
      prenatal care was begun. For married mothers aged 30 years and older, the
      variables considered were employment status and occupation during the year
      preceding childbirth and smoking status before and during pregnancy. The
      pregnancy outcome variables analyzed were the same for both groups of mothers:
      fetal loss, low birth weight, and low 1-minute Apgar scores. Although more than
      half of all births to teenage mothers were to unmarried women, an additional one
      quarter of these births were to women who married between the time of conception
      and the birth of the child. Generally there was little difference in outcomes for
      teenage mothers who were married at the time of delivery, regardless of their
      marital status at the time of conception. Pregnancy outcomes for teenagers who
      did not marry prior to delivery were considerably less favorable. Nearly 90
      percent of women aged 30-34 years who had a first birth in 1980 were employed
      during the year before delivery, an extraordinarily high labor force
      participation rate. More than half of these employed mothers were in professional
      occupations, consistent with their very high levels of educational attainment.
      Although the analysis is limited by the small numbers of births involved, it
      appears that professionally employed women generally have the best pregnancy
      outcomes. When mother's smoking status is taken into account,nonsmokers had more
      favorable outcomes, with births to professionally employed mothers generally most
      favored.

PMID- 6424163
TI  - Radiation procedures performed on U.S. women during pregnancy: findings from two
      1980 surveys.
AB  - The 1980 National Natality Survey (NNS) and 1980 National Fetal Mortality Survey
      (NFMS) provide a unique opportunity to examine variation in exposure to radiation
      during pregnancy for mothers of live-born and stillborn infants. Maternal race,
      age, education, and marital status in both surveys and low birth weight in the
      1980 NNS are characteristics used to examine exposure rates for X-ray,
      ultrasound, nuclear medicine, shortwave, and microwave radiation examinations and
      treatments. About 15 percent of mothers of live infants and 23 percent of mothers
      who experienced stillbirths (fetal deaths of 28 weeks or more gestation) had a
      medical X-ray procedure during pregnancy. The 15 percent exposed in 1980 was a
      reduction from 22.5 percent of mothers exposed according to the results of the
      1963 NNS; this reduction occurred in all race and age groups. About 34 percent of
      1980 NNS mothers and 53 percent of 1980 NFMS mothers had ultrasound exposure
      during pregnancy. Radiation exposure rates were higher for 1980 NNS mothers who
      had low birth weight infants (under 2,500 g, or 5 lb, 8 oz) than for those who
      had normal weight infants.

PMID- 6424164
TI  - Maternal occupation and industry and the pregnancy outcome of U.S. married women,
      1980.
AB  - Data from the 1980 National Natality and National Fetal Mortality Surveys were
      used to characterize the occupations of women during the year before delivery; to
      search for disproportionate numbers of adverse pregnancy outcomes in specific
      occupational groups; and to compare demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle
      characteristics of employed mothers to those of mothers not employed in the year
      before delivery. National estimates were derived from the sample through a
      complex poststratified ratio adjustment procedure. For all pregnancy outcome
      groups, the greatest proportion of mothers were employed in three industry
      categories: professional and related services, wholesale and retail trade, and
      manufacturing; and in four occupation categories: clerical and kindred workers;
      professional, technical, and kindred workers; service workers; and operatives.
      Compared with employed mothers of live-born infants, a greater proportion of
      employed mothers of low birth weight infants worked full-time but stopped working
      before the third trimester. Compared with unemployed mothers, a larger proportion
      of employed mothers were between 20-29 years old, college educated, had a total
      family income of $21,000 or more per year, received early prenatal care, had no
      previous pregnancy, and drank alcohol during pregnancy. Estimates from this study
      may be used to (a) provide a better perspective of the magnitude of reproductive
      health problems, (b) target certain industrial populations for further research,
      and (c) assist in identifying causes of reproductive failure.

PMID- 6424165
TI  - Trends in maternal and infant health factors associated with low infant birth
      weight, United States, 1972 and 1980.
AB  - Today, low birth weight--weight less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces)--is
      recognized as the single most significant characteristic of the newborn
      associated with a greater risk of mortality and morbidity. This paper highlights
      maternal and infant health factors associated with low birth weight, using data
      from the 1972 and 1980 National Natality Surveys. Both surveys provide important
      information related to low birth weight that is not typically available from
      standard birth certificates and therefore not part of the usual natality vital
      statistics. In addition, induction of labor and cesarean section deliveries
      (first and repeat cesareans) were examined for 1980 to assess whether their use
      has exerted an influence on low birth weight.

PMID- 6424167
TI  - Pregnancy and infant health: progress toward the 1990 objectives.
AB  - Assuring all infants a healthy start in life and enhancing the health of their
      mothers are goals of the Public Health Service's health promotion and disease
      prevention initiative. The 13 priority objectives selected for the pregnancy and
      infant health area of the initiative focus on lowering infant, neonatal, and
      perinatal mortality rates, reducing the number of low-birth-weight infants,
      improving the health care of pregnant women and infants through regionalized
      perinatal care systems and comprehensive primary care services, encouraging early
      prenatal care and healthy lifestyles in pregnancy, and targeting the factors and
      populations associated with health risk. Although considerable progress has been
      made in this century in lowering the infant mortality rate, infants continue to
      die at a higher rate than members of any other age category under 60 years, and
      black infants die at almost twice the rate of white infants. To lower these high
      mortality rates, the private, public, and voluntary sectors have cooperated in
      new approaches to perinatal and infant health that have already produced some
      encouraging results. Recent data, for example, indicate that the priority
      objective of universal screening of newborns for treatable metabolic disorders
      has already been achieved and that the target for neonatal and infant mortality
      rates could be reached earlier than 1990. Substantial challenges, however, lie
      ahead if the current racial and ethnic differentials evident in the rates for
      prenatal care registration, low-birth-weight babies, and maternal and infant
      mortality are to be eliminated.

PMID- 6424166
TI  - Electronic fetal monitoring in relation to cesarean section delivery, for live
      births and stillbirths in the U.S., 1980.
AB  - In the 1980 National Natality and Fetal Mortality Surveys, information about
      fetal monitoring and type of delivery was obtained from hospitals for a sample of
      9,941 live births and 6,386 fetal deaths of 28 weeks' gestation or more. Data in
      this analysis are weighted to provide national estimates of live births and late
      fetal deaths that occurred in U.S. hospitals during 1980. Electronic fetal
      monitoring (EFM) was used for 47.7 percent of live births; 27.2 percent were
      monitored by Doppler ultrasound only, 10.2 percent by scalp electrode only, 6.3
      percent by Doppler ultrasound and scalp electrode only, and 4.0 percent by other
      methods and combinations. The distribution by type of EFM used was similar for
      the 42.7 percent of late fetal deaths (also called stillbirths) that were
      monitored. Variation in the use of EFM for live births and stillbirths is
      examined according to maternal age, parity, education, race, marital status,
      income, previous fetal loss, underlying medical conditions, complications of
      pregnancy, complications of labor, duration of labor, infant birth weight, and
      length of gestation. Among live births, 17.1 percent were delivered by cesarean
      section, as were 16.8 percent of stillbirths. The association between fetal
      monitoring and the primary cesarean section rate (the probability of cesarean
      section for women who had never had one) for all birth orders and for first
      births is examined according to characteristics of the mothers and the infants.
      Factors involved in the consistent association found between fetal monitoring and
      the primary cesarean section rate are discussed.

PMID- 6424168
TI  - Port Allegany Asbestos Health Program: a community response to a public health
      problem.
AB  - The Port Allegany Asbestos Health Program (PAAHP) is a unique, community-run
      program that resulted from the successful cooperative efforts of a labor union, a
      corporation, community health care providers, and a medical school. PAAHP's goal
      is to develop a permanent community health organization that will use the most
      advanced existing knowledge to mitigate the adverse health effects anticipated as
      a result of the use of amosite asbestos in a Port Allegany, Pa. factory. All
      1,188 persons employed by the factory during the years 1964-72 and the 3,000
      4,000 persons in household contact with them are eligible for the program.
      PAAHP's major services are intensive medical surveillance, smoking cessation
      assistance, health education for participants, and continuing education for area
      physicians about asbestos-related diseases. One of the program's policies is not
      to disturb the usual patterns of medical care. If further testing or treatment is
      needed, patients are referred to their usual personal physicians. PAAHP does not
      provide ordinary medical care or medical insurance. Across the nation, the number
      of workers estimated to have been exposed to asbestos is more than 20 million,
      and their household contacts are estimated to be about three to four times that
      number. Adverse health effects resulting from asbestos exposure include elevated
      risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal tumors, and asbestosis. The
      problem requires the development of public health solutions. PAAHP has
      demonstrated the feasibility of a community-based model as one useful approach.

PMID- 6424170
TI  - Intravenous drug users and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a new epidemic disease characterized
      by dysfunction of cellular immunity, is most common among homosexual and bisexual
      males with multiple sexual partners and users of intravenous drugs. AIDS appears
      to be spread by contact with blood products and body fluids. Not only is the
      heroin user at increased risk of contracting AIDS, but also the occasional
      recreational drug user who shares a needle and syringe when he or she self
      administers cocaine or amphetamines at a party on a weekend. Although precise
      figures are not available, there may be as many as several million recreational
      and regular users of cocaine and heroin. Data from a national sample of drug
      abuse treatment programs indicates that more than 80 percent of all clients
      seeking treatment, whatever their primary drug of abuse at the time of admission
      to treatment, have administered drugs to themselves intravenously during the year
      before treatment. Several hundred thousand treatment episodes occur each year.
      Data from surveys indicate that drug users entering treatment are well aware of
      the increased risks associated with AIDS. It is not surprising that treatment
      staff, also, have expressed concerns about their own susceptibility to the
      disease. Special education programs for these health workers have been instituted
      in New York City and have met with success. These programs have provided
      information and reassurance to treatment providers. At present, no health worker
      providing direct treatment service to drug abusers with a history of intravenous
      drug use has contracted AIDS.

PMID- 6424169
TI  - Psychiatric problems of AIDS inpatients at the New York Hospital: preliminary
      report.
AB  - A retrospective review of the charts of 52 patients with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the New York Hospital was conducted to determine
      the prevalence of recorded psychiatric complications and the use of psychiatric
      consultation. Neuropsychiatric complications were found to be pervasive clinical
      features in AIDS patients hospitalized during acute illness. Mood disturbance was
      identified in an overwhelming majority of the patients (82.7 percent), and signs
      of organic mental syndrome (DSM III) were noted in 65.4 percent; references to
      neuropsychiatric complications appeared in every patient's chart. Neurological
      complications were seldom explicitly diagnosed or treated. Psychiatric
      consultation was requested for 10 patients (19.2 percent) because of management
      problems, for diagnostic assessment, or by self-referral. Only one patient was
      given a psychiatric diagnosis at discharge. The results suggest that the
      neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS are underdiagnosed during acute medical
      illness and that psychiatric consultation is underutilized. AIDS patients have a
      heightened risk of psychological problems. Contributing factors may include the
      threat to life, severe physical debilitation, central nervous system involvement,
      fear of contagion, disclosure of homosexuality or drug abuse, and guilt
      associated with sexual transmission.

PMID- 6424171
TI  - Changes in rates of spontaneous fetal deaths reported in Upstate New York vital
      records by gestational age, 1968-78.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1978, the rates for spontaneous deaths, recorded on Upstate New
      York fetal death certificates, that occurred after 28 or more weeks of gestation
      dropped 37 percent, and the rates for deaths that occurred at 20 to 27 completed
      weeks of gestation dropped 12 percent. However, the rates of reported spontaneous
      fetal deaths after 16 to 19 weeks gestation dropped only 4 percent. The rates for
      such deaths at 12-15 weeks of gestation increased by 21 percent and by 55 percent
      at less than 12 weeks of gestation. The decline in the late fetal death rate is
      probably attributable, at least in part, to medical and social advances during
      this period. The reported rise in early fetal deaths may be due, among other
      factors, to changes in reporting practices or to earlier deaths of conceptuses
      that formerly would have been lost after 20 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 6424172
TI  - The effect of superoxide dismutase on the radiosensitivity of bacterial spores at
      various oxygen concentrations.
AB  - Superoxide dismutases are considered to be essential protective agent against
      radiation injury. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of
      extracellularly added SOD on the radiosensitivity of Bacillus megaterium spores.
      120 micrograms/ml SOD had no effect on the radiosensitivity of Bacillus
      megaterium spores at different oxygen concentrations. Relative enzyme activity
      obtained at various oxygen concentrations indicating the lack of oxygen effect in
      the radiation-induced inactivation of SOD.

PMID- 6424173
TI  - Angelchik anti-reflux device: radiographic appearance of complications.
AB  - The authors report 8 cases of erosion of an Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis into
      the stomach. Erosion is detected by the appearance of the smooth contour of the
      device in the stomach. One device migrated distally.

PMID- 6424174
TI  - The cerebrovascular effects of intraarterial CO2 in quantities required for
      diagnostic imaging.
AB  - The recent development of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has renewed
      interest in the use of gases, especially carbon dioxide, as contrast agents. Both
      early physiologic studies and recent clinical reports suggest that arterial CO2
      DSA is a safe and useful diagnostic tool in the examination of extremity
      circulation. The present study examined the neurologic sequelae, pathologic
      changes, and effects on the blood-brain barrier to intravenous Evans-Blue and
      horseradish peroxidase of intracarotid CO2, in albino rats. As with other forms
      of cerebral gas embolization, CO2 produced multifocal ischemic infarctions and
      disrupted the blood-brain barrier to macromolecular tracers. The site of the
      barrier lesion is the endothelial cell membrane, although the precise mechanisms
      of damage remain unknown. Caution must be urged in the use of CO2-DSA to avoid
      embolization of the central nervous system.

PMID- 6424175
TI  - Squamous-cell carcinoma of the tongue: preoperative interstitial radium and
      external irradiation. Part I: Local and regional control.
AB  - Results of therapy in 300 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anterior
      two thirds of the tongue are presented in terms of control of the primary tumor
      (local) and metastases to the lymph nodes of the neck (regional). Correlation
      between clinical stage and control was good, with the best results being obtained
      in stage T1N0 (84% control of tongue, 69% control of neck) and the poorest
      results in TX N2N3 (9% and 11%, respectively). Different methods of treatment
      were analyzed separately for various stages of disease and compared with results
      from other institutions. Possible methods of improving treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6424177
TI  - [Genetic studies using bacterial protoplasts].

PMID- 6424176
TI  - Dose enhancement in bone in electron beam therapy.
AB  - This study investigated dose to bone tissue in electron beam therapy.
      Measurements were made using films and thermoluminescent dosimeters in a
      polystyrene phantom containing bone inhomogeneity for 15-MeV, 12-MeV, and 9-MeV
      electron beams. An increase in dose of approximately 18%, 12%, and 11%, for the
      three electron energies respectively, relative to the dose in polystyrene, was
      found for bone material having an electron density (relative to water) of 1.73.
      Measurements were also made using films for 15- and 9-MeV electrons in a phantom
      with a mandibular bone and teeth. A dose enhancement in bone of approximately 10%
      and 7%, respectively, for the two energies was found in the phantom where the
      electron density of bone was about 1.60. These results suggest that injury to
      bone is possible in those clinical situations where high doses of electrons are
      used for therapy.

PMID- 6424178
TI  - [Gene expression in Gram-positive bacteria].

PMID- 6424179
TI  - Is phospholipase A2 a "glucose sensor" responsible for the phasic pattern of
      insulin release?
AB  - The mechanisms involved in the characteristic, normal biphasic pattern of glucose
      induced insulin release (which is grossly altered in type II diabetics) have not
      been definitely elucidated. However, the temporal pattern of arachidonic acid
      release induced by cellular phospholipases precisely mimics that of first-phase
      insulin release, both being characterized by a burst of release peaking near 2-3
      minutes and followed by a "trough" or apparent refractory period most apparent at
      5-10 minutes. The latter appears temporally related not only to decreased
      arachidonate release but also to stimulation of its re-esterification. Pancreatic
      islets contain a glucose-sensitive phospholipase A2, and glucose has been shown
      to increase the accumulation of islet lipoxygenase-derived products which appear
      to be "third messengers" mediating insulin release. Blockade either of islet
      phospholipase(s) or of islet lipoxygenase totally abrogates glucose-induced
      insulin release. The hypothesis is therefore proposed that phospholipase A2 could
      be one beta cell "glucose sensor", and that the released arachidonate is coupled
      to an islet lipoxygenase. Labile oxygenated metabolites (lipid peroxides and
      epoxides) transduce the glucose signal into insulin release. The available data
      (albeit incomplete) are compatible with the formulation that the biphasic pattern
      of glucose-induced insulin release could be explained by dynamic changes in the
      availability of arachidonic acid and its consequent oxygenation.

PMID- 6424180
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism by rabbit fetal membranes of various gestational
      ages.
AB  - The ability of rabbit fetal membranes to convert arachidonic acid to both
      lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products was studied by separation and
      identification of products derived from incubations of 1-14C-arachidonate with
      subcellular fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of tissue
      homogenates. Both amnion and splanchnopleure (the chorion-equivalent of the
      rabbit) produced a mixture of 11-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids when
      stimulated by calcium ions; these products were produced in greater quantity in
      middle pregnancy (20-22d) than later (28-30d). Cyclooxygenase products included
      PGD2, PGE2, TxB2 and PGF2 alpha, all of which were made more actively in late
      pregnancy than the middle in both amnion (which was more active) and chorion
      equivalent. These data suggest that arachidonate metabolism by rabbit fetal
      membranes in middle pregnancy is directed primarily toward production of
      monohydroxy fatty acids, but that as pregnancy nears term, the PG-producing
      enzymes are induced, preparing the uterine smooth muscle for parturition.

PMID- 6424181
TI  - The effect of various acrylonitriles and related compounds on prostaglandin
      biosynthesis.
AB  - We have studied the effect of nearly 90 arylacrylonitrile derivatives, and
      several related compounds, on the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from bovine
      seminal vesicle microsomes. This effect was compared to that of
      triarylacrylonitrile derivatives known for their inhibiting properties. Several
      arylacrylonitrile derivatives have also proved good inhibitors, especially
      certain N-trisubstituted compounds: trans (dimethylamino-4 phenyl)-3 (methoxy-4'
      phenyl)-2 acrylonitrile was the best inhibitor of the group, with an IC50 of 0.07
      microM. The absence of carboxy groups in these derivatives precludes the
      application of any of the site-models proposed to date. We suggest that the
      electronic charges carried especially by the three aromatic rings play an
      important role in the inhibiting mechanism.

PMID- 6424182
TI  - [Comparative studies on general anesthesia versus peridural anesthesia in primary
      cesarean section].
AB  - In a prospective interdisciplinary study involving the departments of
      gynaecology, anaesthetics and paediatrics, the influence on both the mother and
      neonate of general as opposed to epidural anaesthesia was compared in 47 planned
      caesarean sections. Neither maternal or foetal risk factors were present in these
      cases, and the cardiotocogram was always normal before the anaesthetic was
      applied. Methods. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were carefully monitored.
      Under an identical infusion regime the following parameters were estimated in
      maternal blood: blood gas and acid-base status, blood sugar, lactate, beta
      hydroxybutyric acid, ACTH and cortisol. These same parameters were also estimated
      in cord blood taken at delivery. The Apgar score at 1, 5 and 10 minutes, and a
      complete paediatric assessment including neurostatus at 15 minutes, 24 hours and
      7 days of age were used to assess neonatal status. Some of the women given a
      general anaesthetic initially had marked increases in blood pressure and pulse,
      while about a third of the epidural cases showed a blood pressure fall despite
      positioning in the left lateral position in order to prevent the aorto-caval
      syndrome. An increase in lactate, ACTH and cortisol was found in both groups up
      to the time of delivery, when the ACTH level of the general anaesthetic group was
      significantly higher. Acid-base and PCO2 values were not markedly influenced by
      either of the techniques used, but the maternal capillary PO2 levels were very
      much higher in the general anaesthetic group. The neonates born under general
      anaesthetic had a lower 1 min Apgar score, as a result of the relatively long
      induction-delivery time, of on average 17 min. The 5 and 10 min Apgar scores and
      the neurophysiological development of the babies revealed no differences between
      the two groups.

PMID- 6424183
TI  - [Congenital nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 6424184
TI  - [Anthropometry and nutritional status of school children of high socioeconomic
      level, according to the origin of family names].

PMID- 6424185
TI  - [Toward an understanding of the mechanism of action of insulin].

PMID- 6424186
TI  - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].

PMID- 6424187
TI  - [Multisystemic involvement in a case of Waldenstrom's disease].

PMID- 6424188
TI  - [Existence of Theileria mutans and Theileria velifera (Sporozoa, Theileriidae) in
      Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

PMID- 6424189
TI  - [Benign partial epilepsies: 11 cases of frontal partial epilepsy with favorable
      prognosis].
AB  - The authors report a retrospective study of 11 observations of partial frontal
      epilepsy. Cases have been selected on the basis of a complete lack of any
      associated neurological or psychiatric sign and a disappearance of seizures with
      normalization of the EEG trace for more than 5 years. This peculiar type of focal
      epilepsy characterized by an EEG frontal spike focus is first shown to share
      clinical and electroencephalographic signs with other forms of benign epilepsy of
      childhood and adolescence. Then the predictive value of some electro-clinical
      criteria to indicate a favourable outcome is examined.

PMID- 6424190
TI  - [Paroxysmal nocturnal activity in partial epilepsy in the adult].
AB  - Thirty-four adults with partial epilepsy underwent polysomnographic sessions.
      Three sub-groups of patients were determined by timing their EEG paroxysmal
      activities (PA) according to the possible increase in PA related to their
      sleeping or awake state. Twenty-seven had an increase in PA when sleeping, 5 when
      awake and no significant difference was found in two other patients. Patients who
      suffered from nocturnal or partial elementary epileptic seizures were those who
      showed a PA increase when in a sleep state. These patients had a lower PA density
      during a waking state than the patients with a PA increase when awake. The more
      synchronized (stages 3 + 4) and desynchronized (waking) cortical states influence
      the PA densities in such a way that there is a significant difference between
      both sub-groups. The PA density modulation found with the slow-wave sleep stages
      adds to that induced by sleep and waking states.

PMID- 6424191
TI  - [Ontogenesis and differentiation of IgE B lymphocytes in the rat].
AB  - In fetal liver, the stem cells of the B lineage transform into pre-B cells with
      intracytoplasmic mu-chains and thereafter into mature B cells with IgMc and IgMm.
      The other immunoglobulin classes appear later. The IgEm B cells appear on the day
      of birth. They bear IgMm and IgDm. Anti-IgM or anti-IgD suppression, performed
      from birth, prevents IgE synthesis. IgM and IgD seem to be necessary to IgE
      lymphocyte differentiation. Neonatal anti-IgE suppression seems to have no
      influence on IgE lymphocytes, but this result has to be confirmed. IgE immune
      responses are T-dependent. Neonatally thymectomized animals or rnu/rnu rats are
      unable to produce IgE immune responses. Axenic rats possess a great number of
      IgEm-IgAm-bearing cells in Peyer's patches; this is not observed in conventional
      animals. Nevertheless, the major problems are due to cells with receptors for IgE
      which must be differentiated from cells with intrinsic IgE. Work is under way to
      solve these problems.

PMID- 6424192
TI  - Stereospecific salivary excretion of tocainide enantiomers in man.
AB  - Saliva and plasma samples collected from four healthy volunteers who had received
      racemic tocainide by intravenous infusion for 20 minutes were analysed by a
      stereospecific and sensitive gas chromatographic method. The enantiomeric
      composition of mixed saliva obtained for a period of 48 hrs have been determined
      and compared with the corresponding plasma profiles. The concentration of each
      enantiomer in saliva tended to be greater than those in the corresponding plasma
      sample, such that the mean saliva to plasma ratio for S(+) tocainide was 2.07 +/-
      0.50 (SEM) and for the R(-) isomer 3.683 +/- 0.76 (SEM). Marked intersubject
      variability was found in the saliva/plasma ratio of both isomers, however, the
      correlation of saliva/plasma concentrations in each volunteer was good and ranged
      from r = 0.910 to 0.987 for S(+) tocainide and r = 0.884 to 0.986 for R(-)
      tocainide. There was a 6-fold difference between saliva and plasma concentration
      of R(-) isomer in one subject whose saliva pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.1. The
      difference was only 3.5 fold in another subject whose saliva pH was consistently
      higher (7.4 to 7.5). Therefore, the saliva/plasma ratio appeared to depend on pH,
      increasing with decreasing pH. However, the correlation between the saliva/plasma
      ratio observed and the ratio predicted was poor. Mechanisms other than passive
      diffusion are likely to be involved in the transfer of tocainide enantiomers from
      plasma to saliva and are more pronounced with the levo isomer.

PMID- 6424193
TI  - Elastin accumulation in the chick aorta: effect of 6-hydroxydopamine and
      deoxycorticosterone acetate.
AB  - The net accumulation of aorta elastin in the chick was estimated from day 1 to
      14, post-hatching. Increased elastin accumulation was coincident with the
      elevation in blood pressure observed for this period. Further deoxycorticosterone
      acetate plus dietary NaCl also caused stimulation of protein synthesis in aorta.
      In contrast, aorta protein synthesis and net elastin accumulation appeared to be
      decreased in chicks given 6-hydroxydopamine.

PMID- 6424194
TI  - Haemodynamics, blood gas and metabolic changes after anaesthesia with chloral
      hydrate and magnesium sulphate in camels (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - The effects of chloral hydrate and magnesium sulphate (1:1, 10 per cent solution)
      were evaluated in six healthy adult camels. A dose of 1 ml kg-1 was used. These
      agents produced satisfactory anaesthesia with good muscle relaxation. The changes
      in the electroencephalogram showed that the anaesthetic effect lasted for 45 to
      60 minutes. Tachycardia and hypotension were moderate and within safe limits.
      Electrocardiogram studies showed ST segment elevation and primary T wave changes.
      The acid-base status, blood gas tensions, haemoglobin concentration, blood
      glucose level and the plasma concentration of total protein, sodium, potassium
      and chloride were not altered.

PMID- 6424195
TI  - Isolation and transmission of Theileria mutans (Chisamba) in Zambia.
AB  - Theileria mutans (Chisamba) was isolated from a steer at Chisamba, Central
      Province, Zambia by inoculation of blood into a susceptible unsplenectomised
      calf. The parasite was then transmitted on three occasions by nymphs and once by
      adult Amblyomma variegatum ticks. Macroschizonts, typical for T mutans, were
      detected in two calves for short periods. The parasite caused varying degrees of
      anaemia in all experimental calves, whose sera showed high antibody titres to T
      mutans in the indirect fluorescent antibody test.

PMID- 6424196
TI  - Pathogenicity of natural and experimental listeriosis in newly hatched chicks.
AB  - The pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes for newly hatched chickens exposed to
      natural infection was examined. Organisms entered through the alimentary tract
      and dissemination followed bacteraemia. Among a number of symptoms recorded were
      unilateral and bilateral toe paralysis. In addition to gross abnormalities in the
      following tissues, histological lesions were seen in the liver, spleen, heart and
      kidneys of all infected chicks but brain lesions were observed only in birds with
      central nervous system involvement. The organism was recovered from some tissues
      derived from apparently healthy chicks as well as those with listeriosis. The use
      of trypsin in the isolation process increased the probability of a positive
      result from tissues, reduced the storage time needed and had no adverse effect on
      the rate of organism growth.

PMID- 6424198
TI  - Errors due to tissue CO2 capacity in estimation of pulmonary blood flow from
      single-breath gas analysis.
AB  - The single-breath method for estimation of pulmonary blood flow (Q) and mixed
      venous PCO2 (PvCO2) (Kim et al., 1966) is based on the assumption that the carbon
      dioxide exchange between the CO2 stores in the lung tissue and the alveoli is
      negligible compared to the exchange between the lung capillaries and the alveoli.
      Recent investigations have questioned this assumption, and the present study is a
      quantitative analysis, based on a computer simulation, of errors in the estimated
      values of Q and PvCO2 caused by changes in the CO2 stores. The result of the
      analysis is that the presence of exchangeable CO2 stores causes a considerable
      underestimation of both pulmonary blood flow and mixed venous PCO2. The errors in
      Q and PvCO2 depend on the lung volume, the tissue volume, the numerical values of
      Q and PvCO2, and the duration of the single breath maneuver. The last mentioned
      property of the system is demonstrated experimentally. Furthermore, the analysis
      suggests a modification of the algorithm utilized in the single-breath method to
      eliminate the errors due to the CO2 stores. Finally, the analysis indicates that
      the application of the new algorithm allows estimation of the CO2 distribution
      volume in the lung tissue.

PMID- 6424200
TI  - Ventilatory responses to low levels of CO2 inhalation in the cat.
AB  - The steady-state ventilatory and end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) responses to low-level
      CO2 inhalation have been studied in four awake cats. Four cats anesthetized with
      Dial-urethane were also studied before and after vagal section or blockade. Awake
      cats breathed gas mixtures with FICO2 equal to 0.0015 (control), 0.01 and 0.03 in
      oxygen or 0.0015, 0.01 and 0.02 in air, while anesthetized cats inhaled FICO2 of
      0.0000 (control), 0.005 and 0.01 in oxygen. In order to obtain accurate, unbiased
      determinations of the respiratory system responses to small increases of FICO2
      above control values, we used a protocol in which control conditions preceded and
      followed each CO2 test. The pairwise response for each variable was calculated
      from the mean of the two 'bracketing' control values. We found that low-level CO2
      inhalation in the cat resulted in consistent and significant increases in PETCO2
      (82 of 86 trials) and VT (76 of 86 trials) but inconsistent changes in TTOT. We
      conclude that low-level CO2 inhalation in the cat results in hypercapnia
      detectable by a replicated, unbiased experimental design.

PMID- 6424199
TI  - The effects of hypocapnia on intracellular pH and bicarbonate.
AB  - The intracellular pH (pHi) and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]icw) of cardiac
      and skeletal muscles were monitored during respiratory alkalosis in order to
      further elucidate the homeostatic processes which operate in these tissues to
      ameliorate deviations from normal acid-base status. Rats were mechanically
      hyperventilated to induce hypocapnia, pHi was determined by the DMO method, and
      [HCO-3]icw was calculated from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation using pHi and
      the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of vena caval blood. A significant
      intracellular alkalosis occurred in both cardiac and skeletal muscles during
      hypocapnia, but the changes in pHi were less in the heart than in skeletal
      muscle. The decreases in cardiac [HCO-3]icw were greater than those attributable
      to the physicochemical buffering of the heart. These data are consistent with an
      intramyocardial source of protons other than physicochemical buffering during
      respiratory alkalosis. The decreases in skeletal muscle [HCO-3]icw were less than
      those due to physicochemical buffering. These data are consistent with a net
      extrusion from skeletal muscles cells of the protons derived from physicochemical
      buffering during respiratory alkalosis.

PMID- 6424197
TI  - Ventilatory response of goats to treadmill exercise: grade effects.
AB  - The steady-state ventilatory responses of 7 goats to treadmill exercise were
      studied at several different combinations of speed (0-7.7 km per hr) and grade (0
      15%). Carbon dioxide production (VCO2) increased as much as 6 times the resting
      value. The goats responded to exercise with hyperventilation and respiratory
      alkalosis, which was proportional to VCO2. The increased ventilation was due
      chiefly to increases in breathing frequency (f). When responses to increasing
      speed at 0% grade were compared to those at 15% grade, there were no differences
      in expired minute ventilation or PaCO2. There were differences in ventilatory
      pattern. At a given VCO2, f was higher and tidal volume (VT) lower at 0% grade
      than at 15% grade. We conclude that ventilatory pattern (at a given VCO2) is
      influenced by the grade used during treadmill exercise and therefore stimuli
      other than VCO2 alone must be involved in the generation of ventilatory pattern
      during treadmill exercise.

PMID- 6424201
TI  - Central respiratory CO2 sensitivity at extreme hypocapnia.
AB  - In 7 cats anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane the ponto-medullary region was
      artificially perfused with blood having PaCO2 values (central PaCO2) in the range
      of 0.3-4.5 kPa. The ventilatory response to changes in central PaCO2 was measured
      at constant hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions in the systemic circulation.
      Ventilation decreased upon lowering the central PaCO2 down to values of 0.5 kPa.
      There was no threshold for the effect of the central PaCO2 on ventilation. The
      CO2 sensitivity was undiminished at extreme hypocapnia compared to eucapnia.
      Under extreme central hypocapnic conditions the breathing pattern became
      irregular. It is concluded that there is still central CO2 sensitivity related to
      ventilation at extreme hypocapnia. Our findings suggest that central
      chemosensitive structures have a neural threshold below a PaCO2 of 0.5 kPa.

PMID- 6424202
TI  - [HLA antigens in rheumatology].

PMID- 6424203
TI  - [Use of mixed antigen in the diagnosis of Chagas disease and toxoplasmosis in the
      indirect immunofluorescence test].

PMID- 6424204
TI  - [Morbid obesity: current status of surgical approach].

PMID- 6424206
TI  - [Paroxysmal tachycardia. First aid and long-term treatment].

PMID- 6424205
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of sodium valproate, carbamazepine and phenytoin. Level
      dose ration and interactions.

PMID- 6424207
TI  - [Intermittent cerebrospinal rhinorrhea due to latent intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 6424208
TI  - [Hypovitaminosis and hypervitaminosis in children].

PMID- 6424209
TI  - [Atherogenic implications in obesity and diabetes mellitus in children].

PMID- 6424210
TI  - [Neonatal enteritis. Anatomoclinical and evolutive aspects].

PMID- 6424211
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and constants in various pathological states in
      infants].

PMID- 6424212
TI  - [Primary amyloidosis in children (with reference to a case)].

PMID- 6424213
TI  - [Acute bacterial endocarditis in a 2-year-old child].

PMID- 6424214
TI  - [Intraspinal benign tumors. Anatomoclinical considerations on 2 cases].

PMID- 6424215
TI  - [An unusual cause of post-transfusion hemolysis in a newborn infant].

PMID- 6424216
TI  - [Help! A day with Christine].

PMID- 6424217
TI  - Chronic infection in mice with Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6424218
TI  - [Experimental infection of the monkey Cebus apella sp. by Trypanosoma cruzi. II.
      Re-isolation of strains and study of their characteristics in albino mice].

PMID- 6424219
TI  - [Experimental infection of the monkey Cebus apella sp. by Trypanosoma cruzi. III.
      Value of xenodiagnosis and serodiagnosis in the chronic phase of the disease].

PMID- 6424220
TI  - [Congenital Chagas' disease. Report of a case with cerebral palsy].

PMID- 6424221
TI  - [Hemodilution and plasmapheresis in the therapy of hyperviscosity syndromes].
AB  - The results obtained using hemodilution, plasmapheresis, plasma-exchange and
      erythro-apheresis in the treatment of several diseases with hyperviscosity
      syndrome are discussed. These therapeutic approaches seem very useful not only in
      the treatment of hyperviscosity syndrome, but also in the prevention of vascular
      damage.

PMID- 6424222
TI  - [Clinical cases of primary hyperviscosity syndrome].
AB  - Three cases of primary hyperviscosity syndrome with different etiology are
      described. For each of them the specific hemorheological characteristics which
      produce the common expression of blood hyperviscosity are emphasized.

PMID- 6424223
TI  - [Blood hyperviscosity syndromes].
AB  - Hyperviscosity syndromes are characterized by altered blood flow properties; the
      rheological properties of blood depend from cellular or plasmatic factors. In
      this study we have evaluated the role of some high molecular weight proteins
      (IgG, IgA, IgM, fibrinogen) and of some triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions.
      In Waldenstrom's disease a significant increase of apparent blood viscosity and
      plasma viscosity was observed; erythrocyte filterability was reduced. In patients
      with IgG and IgA myeloma just a slight increase of viscosity was observed. As for
      lipoprotein role, patients with hypertriglyceridemia type IV and V of Fredrickson
      have shown a significant increase of plasma viscosity; in these hyperlipidemias
      triglyceride levels were significantly correlated with both apparent blood
      viscosity and plasma viscosity. No correlation was observed with erythrocyte
      filterability. These data suggest that serum proteins and high levels of
      triglycerides can modify blood rheological properties with both increased
      viscosity and reduced erythrocyte filterability.

PMID- 6424224
TI  - [As ever, the flu. Incidence and prevention of the illness].

PMID- 6424225
TI  - [Radiotherapy of malignant lymphomas].
AB  - In malignant lymphomas, radiotherapy is an important factor within the treatment
      schedule. This applies in particular to Hodgkin's disease, whereas chemotherapy
      is more important in other types of lymphomas. In all cases, treatment is carried
      out in strict accordance with the stage of the disease, taking into consideration
      the occult paths of spread; in the lymphomas not associated with Hodgkin's
      disease, their histological type was also taken into account (Kiel
      classification). The technique of irradiation--especially preparation and
      execution of mantle field radiation--is described in detail, taking into
      consideration the organs of risk, the possibility of complications, and how these
      complications can be prevented. The treatment results obtained at present clearly
      show that the rates of survival and cure have been significantly improved--a
      development in which radiotherapy has been playing an important part.

PMID- 6424226
TI  - Comparative aspects of the electroencephalographic map in various forms of
      epilepsy (an experiment on 750 computerized EEG maps obtained by an original
      method in 125 epileptic patients.

PMID- 6424227
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in human hepatocytes in acute non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - Ultrastructural findings in the liver of a 52-year-old man with acute non-A, non
      B (NANB) post-transfusion hepatitis are described. Apart from non-specific
      alterations also known to occur in hepatocytes in hepatitis A and B--such as
      proliferation of membranes of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, formation of membrane
      bound cytoplasmic vacuoles containing electron-dense material, and accumulation
      of distorted peroxisomes--unique cytoplasmic changes were observed that have not
      previously been described in man. A few hepatocytes contained in their cytoplasm
      tightly packed, bent, parallel structures and small clusters of virus-sized
      particles. No virus-like material was found in the nucleus of liver cells or in
      Kupffer and endothelial cells. Closely similar structures have been reported
      earlier in the acute-phase hepatocytic cytoplasm of chimpanzees with NANB
      hepatitis. These alterations may represent an ultrastructural hallmark of acute
      human NANB hepatitis.

PMID- 6424228
TI  - A new type of low-lactose milk. Tolerance by lactose malabsorbers and evaluation
      of protein nutritional value.
AB  - By ultrafiltration of skim milk a new low-lactose milk powder was developed whose
      lactose content was reduced by 86%. The lactose was replaced by malto-dextrin. In
      contrast to lactose-hydrolyzed milk powder, no protein-destroying processes
      (Maillard reactions) could be demonstrated during production or after storage at
      standard conditions. Tolerance of the new low-lactose milk versus regular skim
      milk was tested in 35 well-nourished, adult Latin Americans with lactose
      malabsorption. The ingestion of 500 ml of the low-lactose milk gave rise to
      significantly (p less than 0.05) fewer symptoms than regular skim milk. After the
      intake of 250 ml there a tendency to fewer symptoms after the low-lactose milk,
      although the difference was not significant (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). The
      new milk may be of potential usefulness in the treatment of protein calorie
      malnutrition in the developing countries, where lactose malabsorption is highly
      prevalent.

PMID- 6424229
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on intrinsic factor secretion stimulated by different doses
      of pentagastrin in patients with impaired renal function.
AB  - Gastric intrinsic factor (IF) secretion was examined in five patients with
      impaired renal function during stepwise increasing doses (0.02, 0.2, and 2.0
      micrograms/kg/h) of intravenous infusion of pentagastrin alone or in combination
      with continuous intravenous infusion of cimetidine (05 mg/kg/h) after and initial
      bolus of 1.5 mg/kg. Whereas cimetidine caused a moderate reduction of maximally
      stimulated IF output, the output during submaximal stimulation was reduced to
      basal levels by cimetidine. The results suggest that IF insufficiency may occur
      during cimetidine treatment in patients with impaired renal function on long-term
      treatment with H2-blockers.

PMID- 6424230
TI  - Enzyme analysis of autologous rosette-forming cells.
AB  - Autologous rosette-forming cells (ARFC) have been considered to be post-thymic
      precursor cells. Since thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes differ
      considerably in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern and in activity of the
      enzymes of the purine metabolism, we investigated the enzyme profile in the ARFC.
      The L-lactate: NAD+ oxi-reductase analysis showed an isoenzyme pattern that
      closely resembled the pattern found in peripheral T lymphocytes and was totally
      different from the thymocytes. The levels of adenosine deaminase and purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase were identical to those found in the peripheral T
      lymphocytes and different from thymocytes. In our hands, the ARFC-enriched
      suspension contained predominantly OKT4+ and T mu+ lymphocytes. We propose that
      ARFC are a heterogeneous population encompassing all known subsets and cannot be
      considered a separate homogeneous entity.

PMID- 6424231
TI  - Adjuvants influence the immunoglobin subclass distribution of immune responses in
      vivo.
AB  - Mice were immunized against fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled human
      gamma globulin (HGG) in the absence or presence of different adjuvants. The
      immune response was assayed every other day with regard to both total Ig
      secreting cells and FITC-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC). The adjuvants
      influenced the type of immune response induced to the same antigenic determinant.
      Thus, addition of Freund's complete (FCA) or incomplete (FIA) adjuvant
      preferentially led to the secretion of IgG1 PFC of an average high affinity. Most
      newly appearing IgG-secreting cells were also detected as FITC-specific PFC. The
      use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant resulted in the induction of both
      IgM and IgG, particularly of the IgG3 and IgG2b subclasses. However, these
      antibodies had relatively low affinity, and a large number of total IgG-secreting
      cells induced by LPS had no detectable FITC specificity. The FCA/FIA- and LPS
      induced responses to FITC-HGG were additive when injected together, indicating
      that they act on distinct subpopulations of B lymphoid cells. The adjuvant
      response to LPS, but not the response to FCA/FIA, was totally absent in mice of
      the C3H/Hej strain, which are non-responders to the polyclonal activating
      properties of LPS. Finally, the response induced by FCA or FIA was T-cell
      dependent and the LPS response T-cell-independent as assayed in nude mice.

PMID- 6424232
TI  - [Interplay of social, intrapsychological and biological factors for the
      etiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa].
AB  - Intergroup-comparison and hierarchical cluster analyses (method Lance and
      Williams, x2-test, t-test, p less than 5%) of 170 facts at biological,
      psychodynamic and social level in 35 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and
      30 patients suffering from postpill-amenorrhea confirm the close relations of
      these levels for aetiopathogenesis. Postpill-amenorrhea can be taken as
      hypothalamic dysfunction (overpressing of LH-RH-release after anticonceptives)
      and therefore as a model for the biological disturbance at anorexia nervosa.
      Cluster analyses resulted in a division into 3 groups: one group of anorexia
      nervosa (C) with deep biological disturbances; a main group of anorexia nervosa
      (B) and the group of postpill-amenorrhea (A). In cluster C are combined early age
      of onset, rigidity-type in hormonal tests, EEG-changes, psychopathic personality
      in MMPI and strongest disturbed social interactions. In cluster B are neurotic
      profile in MMPI combined with severe biological and social difficulties. 13 out
      of 30 showing anorectic-like behaviour during adolescence are even more disturbed
      as the other postpill-amenorrhea patient in cluster A. Regressions analyses could
      not confirm a dependence between loss of weight and some endocrine functions.

PMID- 6424233
TI  - Cost effectiveness of epidemiological monitoring.
AB  - Epidemiological monitoring (EPM) is emerging as a frequent counterpart to
      environmental monitoring (ENM). EPM and ENM are not alternatives to each other
      but rather complement each other. Each cannot be evaluated on its own merit but
      rather on its contributory effects in conjunction with the other. The
      effectiveness of EPM depends primarily on the types of action which it is
      designed to trigger. The benefits may be evaluated in terms of the prevention of
      adverse health outcomes on the one hand, and from costs saved due to avoidance of
      unnecessary controls on the other. Nothing definitive can be said about the cost
      effectiveness of EPM in general. Every context and setting require a separate
      analysis. The attractiveness of introducing EPM, perhaps in conjunction with ENM,
      is its more immediate linkage to action and protective measures.

PMID- 6424234
TI  - Repression of rearranged mu gene and translocated c-myc in mouse 3T3 cells X
      Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids.
AB  - The productively rearranged immunoglobulin mu chain gene and the translocated
      cellular oncogene c-myc are transcribed at high levels both in human Burkitt
      lymphoma cells carrying the t(8;14) chromosome translocation and in mouse
      plasmacytoma X Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids. In the experiments reported here
      these genes were found to be repressed in mouse 3T3 fibroblast X Burkitt lymphoma
      cell hybrids. Such repression probably occurs at the transcriptional level since
      no human mu- and c-myc messenger RNA's are detectable in hybrid clones carrying
      the corresponding genes. It is therefore concluded that the ability to express
      these genes requires a differential B cell environment. The results suggest that
      the 3T3 cell assay may not be suitable to detect oncogenes directly involved in
      human B cell oncogenesis, since 3T3 cells apparently are incapable of
      transcribing an oncogene that is highly active in malignant B cells with specific
      chromosomal translocations.

PMID- 6424235
TI  - Isolated chromaffin cells from adrenal medulla contain primarily monoamine
      oxidase B.
AB  - Cultured chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla were found to contain
      primarily the B form of monoamine oxidase. This monoamine oxidase B enzyme was
      somewhat distinct from B enzymes from other sources, in that noradrenaline was a
      much poorer substrate than serotonin. Nonetheless, studies with selective
      inhibitors of the A form (clorgyline) and the B form [(-)-deprenyl] confirmed
      that chromaffin cell monoamine oxidase was the B form. The observation that
      chromaffin cell monoamine oxidase has poor affinity for catecholamines is
      consistent with physiological needs that require the cell to synthesize and store
      large amounts of catecholamines.

PMID- 6424236
TI  - Methotrexate osteopathy.
AB  - Methotrexate osteopathy is an uncommon complication of long-term oral maintenance
      therapy for childhood neoplasms, most commonly acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is
      characterized by severe lower extremity pain and by osteoporosis particularly
      involving the lower extremities and thick dense provisional zones of
      calcification and growth arrest lines resembling scurvy. Fractures may occur. The
      appearance must be distinguished from recurrent or metastatic disease.

PMID- 6424237
TI  - Case report 254. Salmonella osteomyelitis of radius associated with sickle cell
      disease.

PMID- 6424238
TI  - Competition and prospective pricing in medicine: where do they lead?

PMID- 6424239
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine: a regional need.
AB  - Because the killed Rickettsia vaccines have failed to provide protection against
      Rocky Mountain spotted fever, we approached the problem of protective immunity to
      Rickettsia rickettsii with a closely related, live, less pathogenic spotted fever
      Rickettsia. Guinea pigs vaccinated with R conorii produced antibodies to spotted
      fever group rickettsiae and did not have fever or other signs of illness after
      challenge with R rickettsii. A vaccine against Rocky Mountain spotted fever would
      be useful in some medical practices in the southeastern United States because of
      the life-threatening nature of the disease, including the possibility of a
      fulminant course and the frequent difficulty in diagnosis. Further studies should
      be pursued toward the goal of developing an effective vaccine against Rocky
      Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 6424241
TI  - People and dollars: the experience of one hospice.
AB  - The Hospice of the North Shore (HONS) provides home hospice care, using local
      hospitals when inpatient care is essential. The actual cost of 4,779 patient days
      of care delivered from May 1, 1980 through Dec 31, 1981 was $14.26 per patient
      day. The median length of service was 31.5 days, with a mean of 66.4 days. Care
      was provided to 22.3% of all those dying of cancer during 1981 within the service
      area of the HONS. It is estimated that each patient receiving hospice care avoids
      11.05 days of traditional inpatient care, resulting in a saving of $3,167.06
      during the index period of this study. If this saving were extrapolated to a
      national scope, it is conservatively predicted that approximately $266,000,000
      could be saved annually. The experience of the HONS strongly supports further
      development of outpatient, home care hospice organizations.

PMID- 6424240
TI  - Colonization of central venous catheters.
AB  - We studied etiologic factors important in colonization of 179 central venous
      catheters (CVCs) in patients randomized into group 1 (who received daily topical
      applications of povidone-iodine) or group 2 (who received only dry dressing
      changes). Colonization rates of CVC tips were similar between group 1 (18/84 or
      21%) and group 2 (22/95 or 23%). Peripheral blood cultures grew Candida in eight
      hyperalimented patients (evenly divided between groups 1 and 2), S epidermidis in
      four other patients (also evenly divided), and gram-negative bacteria in three
      patients. Colonization rates for CVCs in place for 0 to seven days was 15.6%
      (17/109) and 76.7% (23/30) if used from eight to 30 days. Inflammatory signs at
      CVC sites were often absent when CVCs became colonized or produced bacteremia.
      Unimportant determinants of CVC colonization included skin securement of CVCs,
      antibiotic infusions through CVC lines, and masking and gowning of physicians
      before CVC placement. Daily applications of povidone-iodine did not reduce
      colonization of CVCs as compared to dry dressing changes.

PMID- 6424242
TI  - Veterans Administration and ambulatory care: the "low-priority" veteran.
AB  - We describe several consequences of an effort to reduce patient volume in a
      general medical clinic (GMC) by releasing "low-priority" veterans. With a before
      after descriptive study, we determined what sources of medical care these
      veterans used and assessed changes in their medical status using hypertension as
      a tracer condition. Private providers were used exclusively by 35% of veterans,
      33% continued to use VA medical services, 11% used a combination of VA and
      private care, and 16% used other miscellaneous sources of care. While most
      veterans (74%) paid cash for their care, 35% also used Medicare or Medicaid
      supplementally. In veterans with hypertension, the diastolic blood pressure
      distributions were ostensibly unchanged after release. These results suggest that
      a reduction in services provided to "low-priority" veterans is feasible without
      deleteriously affecting their medical status. With regard to blood pressure
      control, those veterans who obtained private sources of care did as well as those
      who remained in the GMC.

PMID- 6424243
TI  - Pancreatitis with pseudocyst and cholelithiasis in third trimester of pregnancy:
      management with total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis with pseudocyst formation during the third trimester of
      pregnancy was successfully managed conservatively using total parenteral
      nutrition. We know of no adverse effects on the fetus. The mother was observed
      until spontaneous delivery and the pseudocyst was subsequently managed
      surgically. Both mother and infant are well and without unusual sequelae or
      complications.

PMID- 6424244
TI  - Association of carcinoid with neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Patients with neurofibromatosis have a predilection for other types of tumors. We
      have described a case of carcinoid tumor of the ampulla of Vater in a patient
      with extensive cutaneous neurofibromatosis and visceral involvement limited to
      the heart. A review of the literature as to the types of tumors associated with
      neurofibromatosis and of several similar cases suggests that carcinoid tumors
      should be prominently featured among those found in conjunction with the disease.

PMID- 6424245
TI  - Studies on eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by
      Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Japan.
AB  - Twenty cases of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis suspected of being
      angiostrongyliasis were recognized in Japan, including 16 cases in Okinawa
      Prefecture. Among the cases, there was only one proven case in Okinawa. The
      disease evenly occurred throughout all seasons. Both sexes were equally affected,
      but 17 cases (more than 80%) occurred among adults. Intentional ingestion of
      various mollusks and fresh livers of toads for therapeutic reasons were
      interestingly responsible for 7 cases. The immunological diagnosis was
      successfully carried out on 9 cases. It was discussed that the cultural and
      ethnic backgrounds with different ways of life and eating habits determine the
      prevalence of the disease, and clinical and epidemiological features of the
      disease among different ethnic groups and geographic areas.

PMID- 6424246
TI  - Recessive 2-(methylamino)-isobutyrate (MeAIB)-resistant mutant of Chinese hamster
      ovary cells (CHO-K1) with increased transport through ASC system.
AB  - Mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 Pro-), resistant to the proline
      transport antagonist 2-(methylamino)-isobutyrate (MeAIB) were isolated by a
      single-step procedure. Mutation rates to Pro+ and to Pro- MeAIB resistance
      (MeAIBr) are 1.7 X 10(-6) and 2.4 X 10(-5), respectively. Several Pro- MeAIBr
      mutants were tested by measuring the uptake of 0.05 mM proline through the
      various amino acid transport systems: some showed increases in one transport
      system only; others revealed pleiotropic changes affecting two or more systems;
      still others had no apparent change in proline transport. One Pro- MeAIBr mutant
      analyzed in detail (MeAIBr22) was isolated after EMS treatment as resistant to 5
      mM MeAIB, is Pro-, stable, and shows a 1.6-fold increase in the initial velocity
      of transport of 0.05 mM proline. There appears to be no change in the velocity of
      proline transport through the amino acid transport systems A, P, and L, and the
      "glutamine inhibitable fraction." In contrast, there is a 5.5-fold increase in
      the velocity of transport of 0.05 mM proline through the ASC system. Kinetic
      studies reveal a sixfold increase in the Vm and a slight increase in the Km of
      the transport of serine through the ASC system. Hybrids between MeAIBr22 and CHO
      K1 Pro-, OUAr, HPRT- showed the parental phenotype. These results indicate that
      the mutant ASC phenotype of MeAIBr22 is recessive and is probably the result of a
      regulatory gene mutation.

PMID- 6424247
TI  - Biclonal gammopathy. A case report.
AB  - The presence of two or more monoclonal proteins in serum due to the malignant
      proliferation of more than one clone of B lymphocytes is uncommon. A patient with
      raised levels of both immunoglobulin G and M is presented and some clinical and
      laboratory features are shown.

PMID- 6424248
TI  - Cafe au lait spots in coloured and Indian children.
AB  - A survey of 270 Indian and 143 Coloured children was conducted to determine the
      prevalence of cafe au lait spots and axillary freckling, these both being
      features of neurofibromatosis. Spots of more than 0,5 cm in diameter occurred in
      approximately 40% of the children and freckling in over 4%. One definite case and
      2 suspected cases of neurofibromatosis were detected.

PMID- 6424249
TI  - Etiology of acute epididymitis presenting in a venereal disease clinic.
AB  - Sixteen patients aged 19-42 years and suffering from acute epididymitis were
      investigated. In twelve patients evidence of acute epididymitis developed without
      premonitory urethral symptoms. The only microbiologic finding for ten patients
      was Chlamydia trachomatis; both C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were
      isolated from four patients. Two patients, who had recently had antibiotic
      treatment, harbored neither of these microorganisms. These observations indicate
      that C. trachomatis must be considered a dominant cause of acute epididymitis in
      the younger age groups. This fact has implications for the choice of treatment
      (erythromycin or tetracycline) and the investigations and treatment of sexual
      contacts.

PMID- 6424251
TI  - The importance of acid-base management for cardiac and cerebral preservation
      during open heart operations.
AB  - The basic physiologic characteristics of acid-base equilibria during hypothermia
      were briefly reviewed. By graphic analysis, four possible clinical strategies for
      managing the acid-base status of the patient undergoing H-CPB were documented.
      The effect of hemodilution on buffer capacity was charted in a manner applicable
      to common current operative procedures. During hypothermia for cardiac operations
      as presently conducted, the perfusionist is in control of the temperature of the
      body and the perfusion preservation of the body and brain; the surgeon must
      assume responsibility for preservation of the heart. The literature pertinent to
      the relationship of the acid-base state to the functions and structural
      preservation of the heart and brain during the conditions of cooling to and
      rewarming from deep hypothermia associated with cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic
      cross clamping, cardioplegia and total circulatory arrest have been reviewed. The
      evidence is overwhelming that myocardial anoxia caused by aortic occlusion or
      total circulatory arrest at any temperature to 15 degrees C. result in
      progressive acidosis which, of itself, is myotoxic. In contrast, alkalinity is
      ionotropic. Myocardial ischemia, in both adults and infants, should be prevented
      and treated by alkaline perfusion cooling and by frequent coronary perfusion of a
      cardiopreservative solution which is extremely cold (4 to 8 degrees C.),
      oxygenated, has a pH of 7.8, slightly hyperosmolar and which has a hematocrit of
      20 per cent (imidazole, erythrocytes and plasma protein colloid), a cardioplegic
      ionic pattern and energy substrates. Reperfusion of the heart should begin at a
      37 pH of 7.8. Evidence is strong that the use of CO2 added to any gas mixture is
      harmful. It increases myocardial acidosis; it does not increase cerebral blood
      flow during hypothermia. Protection of the unperfused brain of an infant should
      emphasize prevention of circulatory arrest prolonged to more than 40 minutes.
      Temporary reperfusion at that time limit should be used. Probably the best
      general management of the body for H-CPB is alpha-stat, which preserves biologic
      neutrality. The uncorrected analyzer reads pH 7.4 and Pco2 at any temperature.
      However, the need for preservation of the hypoxic heart is overwhelming and,
      thus, the best acid-base management for cardiac hypothermic operations is
      significant respiratory alkalosis. The most appropriate sites for the collection
      of blood samples for gas analysis and measuring temperatures were discussed;
      "body temperature" is the most unreliable parameter measured. The major
      characteristics of an "ideal" cardiopreservative solution were
      described.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6424250
TI  - [Evaluation of the effects of plafibride and lysine acetyl salicylate on the
      production of PGI2].

PMID- 6424252
TI  - Effect of the high femoral osteotomy upon the vascularity and blood supply of the
      hip joint.
AB  - This investigation was done to study the effects of high femoral osteotomy upon
      the vascularity and blood supply of the hip and to further our knowledge of its
      physiologic basis. We have used established methods of study, including bone
      scans, microangiography, isotope clearance and perosseous venography, and based
      upon the results of these studies, we have reached certain conclusions. First,
      high femoral osteotomy increases the blood flow and vascularity in the hip joint,
      the femoral head and neck and the great trochanter. Second, bone scanning
      techniques using 99mTc labeled diphosphonate have shown increased uptake in the
      femoral head and neck after high femoral osteotomy. The localization was done
      using a Digital Gamma III computer, and the activity on the osteotomy side at two
      weeks was 3.5 times as great as on the control side. By 16 weeks postoperatively,
      there was still two times as much activity on the osteotomy side. Third,
      microangiography showed increased vascularity both at the osteotomy site and in
      the femoral head and neck and the greater trochanter on that side. Such an
      increase in vascularity first became evident two weeks after osteotomy and
      persisted during the four month period studied. Fourth, the results of the 99mTc
      diphosphonate clearance study showed a 25 per cent increase in femoral head blood
      flow on the operative side. Fifth, perosseous venography of the femoral head and
      neck showed a marked increase in venous drainage through the osteotomy site in
      the immediate postosteotomy stage.

PMID- 6424253
TI  - Infrarenal aortic occlusion, colonic blood flow, and the effect of nitroglycerin
      afterload reduction.
AB  - Colonic ischemia has been reported to occur in 1% to 13% of all cases of aortic
      reconstruction. To examine intestinal blood flow in aortic occlusion, three
      groups of dogs were subjected to measurement of hemodynamic parameters and
      mesenteric blood flow. Group I served as a control group, while group II
      underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. Group III received
      intravenous nitroglycerin infusion during and after aortic occlusion. There was
      no statistically significant change in intestinal blood flow in group I. Small
      bowel mucosal blood flow fell in group II. Small bowel serosal blood flow was
      preserved but total small bowel and small bowel mucosal values fell sharply in
      group III. Ascending and descending colonic blood flow was unaltered in group I
      but fell significantly in groups II and III. After restoration of normal aortic
      circulation, small bowel mucosal flow remained significantly below baseline in
      groups II and III. Ascending and descending colonic blood flow also remained
      depressed in groups II and III. Both mucosal and serosal blood flow fell and
      serosal values remained constant in group III. Both groups exhibited decreased
      total, mucosal, and serosal blood flow in the descending colon after release of
      the aortic occlusion. These data show that temporary infrarenal aortic occlusion
      causes significant changes in intestinal blood flow. The mechanism is due to
      persistent autoregulatory vasoconstriction. Nitroglycerin used for afterload
      reduction in aortic reconstruction does not ameliorate decreases in intestinal
      blood flow and may actually shunt blood away from the distal colon and the distal
      intestinal mucosa during aortic occlusion.

PMID- 6424254
TI  - Influence of parenteral carbohydrate on fat oxidation in surgical patients.
AB  - The administration of parenteral carbohydrate to nutritionally depleted patients
      in amounts approximating energy expenditure will markedly suppress fat oxidation.
      If the amount of carbohydrate is increased, net lipogenesis will occur. In
      contrast, it has been reported that in acutely ill, hypermetabolic patients net
      fat oxidation continued during the administration of glucose in quantities that
      exceeded energy requirements. This investigation was undertaken in an attempt to
      determine to what extent the latter response is due to persistent oxidation of
      endogenous plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) or stores of lipid in tissue. In this
      study, carbohydrate intake above energy equilibrium resulted in a 29% increase in
      CO2 production, a 2% increase in O2 consumption, and an increase in respiratory
      quotient (RQ) from 0.77 to 0.97 in nutritionally depleted patients. Injured and
      infected patients displayed a 44% increase in CO2 production and a 15% increase
      in O2 consumption, while the RQ increased only to 0.9. An isotopic palmitate
      infusion was used to measure FFA oxidation during parenteral nutrition with
      variable amounts of carbohydrate. Simultaneous estimates of net fat oxidation
      were made by indirect calorimetry. At low carbohydrate intakes, oxidation of
      plasma FFAs accounted for 50% of net fat oxidation in both groups of patients.
      Suppression of FFA oxidation was greater in the nutritionally depleted patients
      than in the acutely ill group at intermediate and at high carbohydrate intakes.
      We conclude that the continued net fat oxidation seen in acutely ill patients
      receiving high carbohydrate intakes is at least partially due to continuing
      plasma FFA oxidation. Tissue fat stores that are not in rapid equilibrium with
      plasma FFAs make a substantial contribution to net fat oxidation.

PMID- 6424255
TI  - [District administrators "...we should think"].

PMID- 6424256
TI  - Chelation therapy in 1984.

PMID- 6424257
TI  - Acute renal failure following administration of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid
      (EDTA).

PMID- 6424258
TI  - [Vasodilator agents in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 6424259
TI  - Immunocytoma (polymorphous subtype IgA/lambda) of the lung.

PMID- 6424260
TI  - Inhibition of platelet aggregation and endogenous lectin activity by oligoamines.
AB  - Amino sugars and basic amino acids inhibit platelet aggregation and the activity
      of the endogenous platelet lectin, yet, relatively high concentrations
      (approximately 30 mM) are required for the inhibition. If cooperative
      interactions are involved in these platelet surface activities, oligomers of
      primary amines should be more potent inhibitors than their individual component
      amines. Accordingly, series of oligomers of basic amino acids, of the polyamines
      (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and of aliphatic diamines differing in
      chain length were tested for potency of inhibition of platelet aggregation and
      endogenous platelet lectin activity. Indeed, oligoamines were much more potent
      inhibitors of platelet aggregation than their corresponding monomers or shorter
      oligomers, more than accountable by an additive effect. For example, 60, 3 and
      0.3 mM were needed for 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation by lysine, (lys)3
      and (lys)5, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for the effect of the
      oligoamines on the activity of the endogenous platelet lectin. The inhibition of
      platelet aggregation by spermine is competitive, since the effect of a given dose
      of spermine decreased with increasing platelet concentration. Neither inhibition
      of platelet-inducer interaction nor Ca2+ insufficiency explain the inhibitory
      effects of the oligoamines. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      cooperative surface interactions underlie platelet aggregation and platelet
      lectin activity. The cooperative effects may reflect the formation of patches or
      clusters of positively charged groups on the surface of activated platelets.

PMID- 6424261
TI  - Investigation on a selective non-prostanoic thromboxane antagonist, BM 13.177, in
      human platelets.
AB  - The mode of action of BM 13.177 (4-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)-ethyl] phenoxyacetic
      acid), a new anti-aggregating and anti-thrombotic agent, was studied in human
      washed platelets and citrated PRP. With ASA-treated platelets, BM 13.177 (0.1 -
      100 microM) did not inhibit the shape change and the aggregation induced by ADP,
      serotonin, adrenaline, thrombin, or collagen. Therefore, BM 13.177 is neither an
      antagonist of ADP, serotonin, adrenaline, thrombin, or collagen nor a common
      pathway inhibitor like PGE1, or an inhibitor of the platelet interactions during
      aggregation. However, BM 13.177 (greater than or equal to 0.1 microM) produced a
      dose-dependent reduction of shape change, aggregation and release of
      [3H]serotonin induced by the stable PGH2 analogues U 46619 and U 44069 in ASA
      treated platelets or ASA-treated citrated PRP. In untreated platelets, BM 13.177
      inhibited platelet activation by U 46619 or U 44069 and by exogenous arachidonic
      acid or by endogenous arachidonic acid mobilized by hydrogen peroxide.
      Consequently, the ADP- and adrenaline-induced secondary aggregation and
      [3H]serotonin release in citrated PRP and the major effects of collagen were also
      inhibited. In washed platelets treated with 10 microM arachidonic acid or 100
      microM hydrogen peroxide, the formation of TXB2 was not inhibited by 10 microM BM
      13.177. However, the TXB2 formation after stimulation with 1,200 microM hydrogen
      peroxide was partially reduced by BM 13.177 to the same extent as by PGE1. This
      reduction may be due to the absence of a secondary release of arachidonic acid
      from phospholipids if the platelets were prevented from activation by BM 13.177
      or PGE1. Arachidonic acid and hydrogen peroxide also induced the shape change,
      aggregation and release of washed platelets when thromboxane formation was
      inhibited by dazoxiben. Under these conditions, BM 13.177 was able to abolish the
      platelet response which was due to accumulating prostaglandin endoperoxides.
      These results show that BM 13.177 acts as a selective antagonist of TXA2 and
      prostaglandin endoperoxides. Its inhibitory effect on platelet function does not
      depend on an inhibition of either the primary release of arachidonic acid or the
      activities of cyclooxygenase or thromboxane synthetase.

PMID- 6424262
TI  - Factor VIII-related antigen in variant von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6424263
TI  - [Changes in the microenvironment of the maturing bovine oocyte in vivo].
AB  - The development of pre-ovulatory bovine follicles from the onset of oestrus until
      ovulation may be divided into four phases on the basis of the patterns of the
      steroid levels in the follicular fluid. Changes in the morphology of the
      follicular wall and the oocyte coincide with these patterns. Prior to the pre
      ovulatory LH surge steroid synthesis is directed towards the production of
      oestradiol-17 beta, and androstenedione is the major substrate of aromatase.
      After the LH peak, steroid synthesis switches to the production of progesterone
      shortly prior to ovulation. The membrana granulosa cell-layer shows morphological
      luteinization at the time. The elevated levels of LH and FSH observed in the
      follicular fluid suggest that changes in the micro-environment of the maturing
      bovine oocyte are regulated by these gonadotrophins.

PMID- 6424264
TI  - [Cost control in health care? A state of mind!].

PMID- 6424265
TI  - Studies of immune function and host resistance in B6C3F1 mice exposed to
      formaldehyde.
AB  - A series of immune function and host resistance parameters were examined in
      female B6C3F1 mice following a 21-day (6 hr/day) inhalation exposure to 15 ppm of
      formaldehyde (HCHO). Immune parameters examined included delayed hypersensitivity
      to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, antibody plaque-forming cell response to sheep
      erythrocytes (T-lymphocyte-dependent antigen) and TNP-Ficoll (T-lymphocyte
      independent antigen), lymphoid organ weights and histopathology, routine
      hematology, bone marrow cellularity and CFU progenitor cell enumeration,
      lymphocyte subpopulation quantitation by cell surface markers, mitogen-induced
      lymphocyte blastogenesis, macrophage function parameters, and host resistance to
      challenge with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and transplantable tumor
      cells. Lymphoid organ weight, bone marrow cellularity, and hematology parameters
      were unchanged in HCHO exposed mice. Similarly, the percentage of T and B
      lymphocytes and their proliferative responses to mitogens were not significantly
      altered. Antibody (IgM) plaque-forming cell response following antigen challenge
      was unchanged. Macrophage function was normal although some evidence of enhanced
      H2O2 production associated with elevated bactericidal activity was observed in
      resident macrophages. Resistance to challenge with the bacteria Listeria
      monocytogenes was significantly enhanced, while resistance to tumor challenge
      remained unchanged. No evidence of immunosuppression following short-term
      exposure to HCHO was observed.

PMID- 6424266
TI  - Clobuzarit: species differences in the morphological and biochemical response of
      the liver following chronic administration.
AB  - Clobuzarit is structurally related to a number of hypolipidemic agents which
      produce characteristic changes in rodent liver morphology and biochemistry. Liver
      effects were determined in a number of rodents, the albino rat, C57BL/10J mouse,
      and Syrian hamster, and in other mammals, the beagle dog and marmoset monkey,
      following chronic (14-day) oral administration of clobuzarit at two dose levels.
      Expected (peak) serum levels of clobuzarit were achieved in all species except
      the marmoset in which levels were approximately half those predicted. Dose
      dependent enlargement of rat and mouse liver cells (assessed qualitatively by
      light microscopy) was observed. This finding was accompanied by proliferation of
      peroxisomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (assessed by electron microscopy and
      enzymatically). In the rat and mouse, the fatty acid oxidation enzyme systems of
      peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum were markedly induced. The hamster showed
      no increase in liver cell size but there was a limited proliferation of
      peroxisomes (indicated by electron microscopy and enzymatically) and an increase
      in endoplasmic reticulum fatty acid oxidase. No proliferative effects were
      observed in the liver of the dog or marmoset. Lowering of plasma triglycerides
      and cholesterol was observed in the rat only. The differences in the
      morphological and biochemical responses to clobuzarit among the species used in
      this toxicity testing clearly illustrate the problems of predicting effects in
      man from animal data.

PMID- 6424267
TI  - Early and differential decrease in natural retinoid levels in C57BL/Rij and DBA/2
      mice by 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl.
AB  - 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) administered by weekly ip injections of 1.5
      to 100 mg kg-1 for 4 weeks induced a dose dependent decrease in retinoids in
      female C57BL/Rij and DBA/2 mice (5 to 7 weeks of age). However, the response
      differed between the two strains of mice. In C57BL/Rij mice, a dose dependent
      decrease in liver retinol (up to 60%), retinyl palmitate (up to 40%), and serum
      retinol (up to 80%) occurred, while in DBA/2 mice a decrease in serum retinol (up
      to 80%) only was observed. The effects of 3,4,3',4'-TCB on retinoid levels were
      more pronounced than on toxicity (e.g., decrease in thymus and body weight,
      increase in liver weight, and induction of AHH activity). This finding suggests
      that reduction in retinoid levels is a very sensitive parameter for the toxicity
      of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In addition, in these experiments the
      induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) did not correlate with the
      decrease in retinoid levels in C57BL/Rij and DBA/2 mice, suggesting that the
      mixed function oxidase (MFO) system is not involved.

PMID- 6424268
TI  - An evaluation of the copulatory, endocrinologic, and spermatotoxic effects of
      carbon disulfide in the rat.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the endocrinologic and spermatogenic
      effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure in the rat. Adult, male rats were
      exposed to either 600 ppm CS2 or filtered air for 6 hr/day for 5 days/week for 10
      weeks. One week prior to exposure and then at Weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10, males were
      placed with ovariectomized, hormonally primed females, and copulatory behaviors
      were scored. Fifteen minutes postcopulation, the female was killed and the
      ejaculate was recovered from the excised uterine tract along with the semen plug.
      Sperm counts, sperm motility, and morphology were determined. A blood sample was
      obtained for analyses of testosterone, follicle-stimulating (FSH), and
      luteinizing hormone (LH). At the end of the 10th week, five animals in each group
      were challenged with either human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, 50 IU/animal, iv)
      or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 100 ng/animal, iv), and the testosterone
      or gonadotropin responses were monitored over time. Animals were subsequently
      killed with one epididymis and testis processed for histology and a sperm count
      determined from the other epididymis. Analysis revealed that CS2 exposure
      produced significant alterations in copulatory behavior and a decrease in
      ejaculated sperm counts by the fourth and seventh weeks of exposure,
      respectively. No endocrinologic alterations were observed. Moreover, caudal
      epididymal sperm counts were not depressed and the testes appeared histologically
      normal. These data suggest that CS2 does not exert a direct effect on the testes,
      but rather may interfere with the processes regulating sperm transport and
      ejaculation.

PMID- 6424269
TI  - Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in rat and mouse hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The reported LD50 for the adult, male Fisher rat is 1.2 mg aflatoxin B1/kg body
      weight (i.p.); we have found that male C57BL/6 mice survive single doses of
      aflatoxin B1 as high as 60 mg/kg (i.p.). We have demonstrated a 1000-fold greater
      LC50 of aflatoxin B1 for primary mouse liver cell cultures from C57BL/6 male mice
      (3 X 10(-5) M) than for primary liver cells from F344 male rats (3 X 10(-8) M).
      In 4 h of exposure to a non-toxic dose (1 X 10(-9) M) of [3H]aflatoxin B1,
      cultured rat liver cells accumulated up to 5-fold higher concentrations of 3H
      label than did mouse liver cells. The difference in cell-associated counts was
      due largely to higher levels of aflatoxin B1 metabolites bound to macromolecules
      in the rat cells.

PMID- 6424270
TI  - [Dental dispensary care of rhesus-sensitized pregnant women with periodontal
      disease].

PMID- 6424271
TI  - Metabolism of 3H-estradiol-17 beta by cultures of isolated rat Sertoli cells and
      the effect of FSH: presence of 16 alpha-hydroxylase.
AB  - The ability of Sertoli cells to metabolize 3H-estradiol-17 beta was investigated
      utilizing Sertoli cell cultures isolated from 18d rat testes. The Sertoli cells
      converted estradiol-17 beta to estriol as shown by recrystallization of estriol
      from samples containing cells and media but not from cell-free control media. The
      effect of FSH treatment on such metabolism was investigated and was shown to be
      similar to nontreated samples. This is the first demonstration that 16 alpha
      hydroxylase is present in Sertoli cells and that this enzyme activity is not
      under the influence of FSH.

PMID- 6424272
TI  - The roles of NADH in the support of steroid aromatization by human placental
      microsomes.
AB  - The ability of NADH to function as an alternative cofactor for the support of
      estrogen biosynthesis was validated. NADH supported rates of aromatization of up
      to 80% of those obtained with NADPH, with an apparent Km of 0.70 mM, and
      stimulated the NADPH-supported reaction only when supplies of the normal cofactor
      were limiting, both additive and synergistic effects being observed. NADH
      supported aromatization was inhibited competitively by NADP+ and 2'-AMP with Ki
      values of 5 microM and 22 microM, respectively. Support by both cofactors was
      lost in parallel with the selective removal of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from
      microsomes by graded subtilisin treatment. NADH-supported aromatization was
      differentiated from NADPH-supported aromatization by its sensitivity to
      inhibition by NAD+ and its response to changes in ionic strength. NADH appears to
      function, at high concentrations, as a surrogate for NADPH at the reduced
      nucleotide-binding site of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase but additional roles for
      NADH are also suggested both when acting alone and as a supplement to NADPH. A
      common oxidase (cytochrome P-450) appears to catalyze both NADH- and NADPH
      supported aromatization.

PMID- 6424273
TI  - Non-estrogenic metabolites of diethylstilbestrol produced by prostaglandin
      synthase mediated metabolism.
AB  - Incubation of trans-diethylstilbestrol (E-DES) with prostaglandin synthase (PGS)
      in vitro leads to the formation of the metabolites cis, cis-dienestrol (Z,Z-DIES)
      and cis-diethylstilbestrol (Z-DES) which have considerably decreased estrogenic
      activity compared to their parent compound. Incubations of (14C)-E-DES with PGS
      in the presence of arachidonic acid (AA) predominantly catalyze formation of the
      oxidative metabolite Z,Z-DIES, accompanied by the formation of protein bound
      radioactivity. Inhibition of peroxidative metabolism through addition of
      indomethacin or absence of AA favors isomerization of E-DES to Z-DES without
      concomitant formation of protein bound radioactivity. Isomerization is inhibited
      by phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone). Since PGS activity is present in uterine
      tissue, these pathways may play a role in the metabolism of DES in its target
      tissue.

PMID- 6424275
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated valproic acid.
AB  - Five adult epileptic patients received 1,000 mg of valproic acid (Depakene) in
      both the regular and the enteric-coated form. Serum valproic acid levels were
      determined at suitable intervals after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters were equivalent for both preparations except for an absorption lag
      with the enteric-coated form. The relative bioavailability of the two compounds
      was similar across the group of patients, although there were marked differences
      between individual subjects. Close supervision of valproic acid serum levels is
      suggested after a change in drug formulation.

PMID- 6424274
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of mitomycin
      C in human serum.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented by
      which the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, mitomycin C, may be measured in human
      serum. A mobile phase of methanol:water (35:65) passed through a mu-Bondapak C-18
      column at a rate of 1.0 ml/min produced a sharp, symmetrical band for mitomycin
      C. An improved serum extraction procedure, using a reversed-phase sample
      preparation cartridge, proved to be efficient and reproducible. Recovery over a
      concentration range of 10-100 ng/ml was 81.6% with a between-day coefficient of
      variation of 4.6% (n = 5). The within-day coefficient of variation at 50 ng/ml
      was 5.6% (n = 10). Ultraviolet detection at a wavelength of 365 nm was sensitive
      to serum concentrations of 10 ng/ml. Serum concentration-time course data from
      lung cancer patients receiving mitomycin C by rapid intravenous injection are
      presented.

PMID- 6424276
TI  - Mechanism of altered drug binding to serum proteins in pregnant women: studies
      with valproic acid.
AB  - The mechanism underlying the impaired serum protein binding of valproic acid
      (VPA) in pregnancy was examined in samples collected from 24 healthy women in the
      last 3 weeks of gestation and 15 age-matched nonpregnant female controls.
      Experiments were performed in vitro using a rapid equilibrium dialysis technique
      free from in vitro alterations in free fatty acids (FFA). At a total drug
      concentration of approximately 420 mumol/L, the free VPA fraction was 10.2 +/-
      2.9% (SD) in pregnant women and 4.8 +/- 1.0% in controls (p less than 0.001).
      Pregnancy was associated with a marked reduction in serum albumin levels but with
      only a slight, nonsignificant elevation in FFA. Free VPA fraction was negatively
      correlated with serum albumin levels. A positive correlation between free VPA
      fraction and FFA was observed in the pregnant group but not in the controls. The
      only sample collected during labour showed a striking elevation of both free VPA
      fraction and FFA, in spite of a normal albumin concentration. Scatchard's plots
      showed VPA bound to two classes of binding sites on the albumin molecule. The
      number of primary (n1) and secondary (n2) binding sites in pregnant women (n1 =
      2.0; n2 = 10.7) was virtually identical to that observed in the controls (n1 =
      1.9; n2 = 9.8). The association constants of the primary (k1) and secondary (k2)
      sites were lower in pregnant women (15.9 X 10(3) and 0.19 X 10(3) L/mol,
      respectively, vs. 22.6 X 10(3) and 0.33 X 10(3) L/mol in controls) but the
      difference was not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424277
TI  - Valproic acid binding to human serum albumin and human plasma: effects of pH
      variation and buffer composition in equilibrium dialysis.
AB  - The binding of valproic acid (VPA) to human serum albumin (HSA) and to pooled
      human plasma has been investigated by using equilibrium dialysis with three
      different dialysis solutions: phosphate buffer (solution I), Krebs solution
      (solution II), and Krebs solution without calcium (solution III). The effect of
      pH variation from 6.4 to 8.2 has been also investigated. VPA free fraction
      increased by increasing pH with all the dialysis solutions (from 4.1% at pH 6.4
      to 9.4% at pH 8.2 with solution I, from 8.1% to 11.3% with solution II, and from
      10.6% to 14.3% with solution III, in plasma). At each pH value, free fraction
      obtained with solution III was the highest and that obtained with solution I was
      the lowest. Data in plasma and HSA solution were similar. In a separate
      experiment we compared (at pH 7.4, with plasma) the three more frequently used
      dialysis solutions: phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer with NaCl, and Krebs
      solution. They gave, respectively, a mean VPA free fraction of 7.8, 10.3, and
      12.7%. These findings can explain the wide range of VPA free fraction values
      reported in the literature. Researchers intending to determine VPA free
      concentration by equilibrium dialysis should take into account these
      methodological aspects.

PMID- 6424278
TI  - The place of saliva in antiepileptic drug monitoring.
AB  - It has previously been shown that saliva phenytoin concentration bears a constant
      relationship to plasma free concentration whether protein binding of phenytoin is
      normal or disturbed by other drugs, pregnancy, renal failure, or
      hypoalbuminaemia. The present work examines the relationship between saliva (S),
      plasma free (F), and plasma total (P) concentrations of other anticonvulsants in
      100 epileptic patients. Mean S/P ratios were for phenobarbitone 0.37 (r = 0.95),
      primidone 0.95 (r = 0.87), and carbamazepine 0.27 (r = 0.94). A highly
      significant correlation of S with F was found for these drugs, more significant
      than the correlation of S with P for carbamazepine in patients receiving multiple
      anticonvulsant drugs. Saliva valproate, however, had no predictive value for P or
      F. No binding to saliva proteins was demonstrated for any drug. Data for in vitro
      binding to plasma proteins was in good agreement with ex vivo data. Saliva is
      therefore a valid medium for monitoring treatment with phenobarbitone, primidone,
      and carbamazepine, as well as phenytoin.

PMID- 6424279
TI  - Filtration for free drug level monitoring: carbamazepine and valproic acid.
AB  - Free carbamazepine and valproic acid monitoring using the EMIT FreeLevel
      filtration system was evaluated and compared with reference equilibrium dialysis
      and gas chromatographic (GC) techniques. For carbamazepine, free levels after
      filtration or dialysis were essentially identical (mean 1.74 vs. 1.77 mg/L, r =
      0.940, n = 28, EMIT assay). Free levels were 16% higher by EMIT than by GC,
      possibly due to cross-reaction with carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide. Free fractions
      were not significantly different using any combination of filtration or dialysis
      with EMIT or GC (means 0.24-0.26). There was a significant correlation between
      epoxide and parent-drug free fractions (r = 0.642). Free fraction varied from
      0.20 to 0.41 among 61 patient samples and was independent of total drug
      concentration. For valproic acid, there was a strong correlation between
      filtration and dialysis results for free level (r = 0.974) and free fraction (r =
      0.892), but filtration values were 6-7% higher. Free fraction was concentration
      dependent (r = 0.597), and lower free fractions by dialysis were attributed to
      dilution of total drug concentration. Free fraction varied from 0.01 to 0.14
      among 50 patient samples. For carbamazepine and valproic acid the EMIT FreeLevel
      filtration system compared favorably with equilibrium dialysis, and had the
      advantage of being rapid.

PMID- 6424280
TI  - General considerations concerning viscous materials in ophthalmic surgery.
AB  - Currently available viscous substances are Methylcellulose, Chondroitin sulphate
      and Hyaluronic acid. All of them consist of large molecules that vary in their
      degree of viscosity, electrical charge and elasticity. Viscous substances are
      tools for spatial tactics. An analysis of the physical properties leads to the
      indication for their use in surgery. Like every other instrument, a special
      technique has to be learned in order to get maximum benefit and to avoid side
      effects.

PMID- 6424281
TI  - Chondroitin sulphate in anterior segment surgery.

PMID- 6424282
TI  - The physical effects of visco elastic substances on human donor cornea.
AB  - A case of corneal graft operation using chondroitin sulphate (CDS-TM) to protect
      the endothelium, highlights the surgical difficulties encountered as a result of
      the severe dehydration effects on the donor corneal button produced by the CDS.
      In vitro experiments comparing Healonid and CDS on 8 mm excised donor corneal
      buttons from three pairs of human eyes, confirms this effect with CDS which was
      absent with Healonid.

PMID- 6424283
TI  - Non A non B acute hepatitis in eastern Algerian adults.

PMID- 6424284
TI  - Rheological properties of antibody-coated red cells.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro antibody-coated nonspherocytic red cells have normal
      deformability in iso-osmolar media, and their isolated membranes have normal
      mechanical stability as measured in the ektacytometer, a laser visco
      diffractometer. The deformability of red cells from patients with hemolytic
      anemia was proportionately reduced with the degree of spherocytosis irrespective
      of whether the direct antiglobulin test was positive. However, when antibody
      sensitized nonspherocytic cells were suspended in hyperosmolar media and exposed
      to constant shear stress in the ektacytometer, they showed reduction of their
      deformability index in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; 360,000
      Daltons) but not dextran. This reduction was not due to alterations in cell water
      or cation content. Also, when incubated at 37 degrees C, sensitized red cells
      reacted specifically with PVP, and underwent a decrease in cell deformability.
      This appears to be the result of changes either in red cell membrane rigidity or
      membrane viscosity. The PVP effect was reproducible, time- and temperature
      dependent, and predicted reliably the Rh phenotype. These observations were used
      to develop a novel approach to the antiglobulin test in the blood bank.

PMID- 6424285
TI  - Therapy of acquired inhibitors to factor VIII.

PMID- 6424286
TI  - Rhnull with naturally occurring antibody.

PMID- 6424287
TI  - Molecular cloning and analysis of H-2 class I genes of H-2b haplotype mice.

PMID- 6424288
TI  - H-2 class I heavy chain and B2-microglobulin are coordinately synthesized in
      studies of AKR thymomas.

PMID- 6424289
TI  - Use of cloned H-2 genes for study of H-2-restricted cytotoxicity: Ld is the LCMV
      restriction element for H-2d.

PMID- 6424290
TI  - A new loss mutant in the H-2d haplotype.

PMID- 6424291
TI  - Altered expression of MHC products on AKR lymphoma cells.

PMID- 6424292
TI  - The expression of cloned class I H-2b genes in L cells.

PMID- 6424293
TI  - [Effect of carbostimulin on indices of acid-base balance and lactate
      concentration in the blood of swimmer-athletes].
AB  - It is studied how 10-12-day taking of carbostimulin influences the acid-base
      equilibrium indices and lactate content in blood of swimmer sportsmen before and
      after the interval anaerobic loading and in the restoration period. It is found
      that the preparation promotes a faster removal of the acidosis state developing
      in sportsmen under the effect of intensive physical exercises.

PMID- 6424294
TI  - [Enteral feeding].

PMID- 6424295
TI  - [Anovulatory sterility. Treatment with human menopausal gonadotropin and human
      chorionic gonadotropin].

PMID- 6424296
TI  - Sexually transmitted viral hepatitis and enteric pathogens.
AB  - Hepatitis viruses, enteric pathogens, and anorectal infections may commonly be
      transmitted by various sexual practices. Because of their larger numbers of
      sexual partners and sexual practices such as anilingus and anal intercourse,
      homosexual men are at particularly high risk of acquiring hepatitis B,
      giardiasis, amebiasis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, and anorectal infections
      with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes
      simplex virus, and human papilloma viruses. The evidence for sexual transmission
      of these infections as well as their diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6424297
TI  - Prophylactic long-term treatment of bladder tumors with oral chemotherapy
      (tegafur).
AB  - A total of 107 patients with bladder tumor (from Ta to T2) was studied. Patients
      were treated with or without prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy using
      mitomycin C or doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) after the excision of
      tumor. After the preliminary treatment, 55 patients were given tegafur 600 mg
      p.o. daily (study group), and the other 52 patients (control group) were treated
      without tegafur. Both groups were followed up with periodic cystoscopy every
      three months. Actuarial nonrecurrence rate of the two groups were examined
      statistically. The results revealed that tegafur was a good prophylaxis against
      recurrence of the bladder tumor, significant differences at P from less than
      0.001 to 0.025 were noted at every observation period except at six months. A
      significant difference at P less than 0.005 was also recognized from an overall
      comparison between two nonrecurrence curves.

PMID- 6424298
TI  - Intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.

PMID- 6424299
TI  - Full-dose irradiation for invasive bladder cancer: prognostic factors and
      techniques.

PMID- 6424300
TI  - Indium-111-oxine labeled platelet imaging of endothelial seeded dacron
      thoracoabdominal vascular prostheses in a canine model.

PMID- 6424301
TI  - Comparative performance of microporous polypropylene membrane lungs for CO2
      removal at low blood flow rates.

PMID- 6424302
TI  - Experimental meconium aspiration syndrome in the preterm fetal lamb: successful
      treatment using the extracorporeal artificial lung.

PMID- 6424303
TI  - Complement activation in adult respiratory distress syndrome treated with long
      term extracorporeal CO2 removal.

PMID- 6424304
TI  - High efficiency membrane oxygenator.
AB  - An adult membrane oxygenator of new design has been described which possesses
      excellent operating characteristics. The preliminary safety and efficacy of the
      device was demonstrated by in vitro performance testing and by the minimal blood
      trauma and absence of significant time dependent change during 6 hr ex vivo
      perfusions. These encouraging results are the basis for proceeding with clinical
      studies.

PMID- 6424305
TI  - Experimental evaluation of pumpless arteriovenous ECMO with polypropylene hollow
      fiber membrane oxygenator for partial respiratory support.

PMID- 6424306
TI  - Intrinsic calcification of T6-processed and control porcine and bovine
      bioprostheses in calves.

PMID- 6424307
TI  - Liver, kidney, pancreas or heart transplants to correct uridine diphosphate
      glucuronyl transferase deficiency in RHA/N-J rats.

PMID- 6424308
TI  - Starvation: a major contribution to mortality in acute renal failure?

PMID- 6424309
TI  - Artificial heart/circulatory assist gas exchange/ECMO.

PMID- 6424310
TI  - Platelet alterations in shear flow: dose response of prostacyclin on human
      platelets.

PMID- 6424311
TI  - Ultrafiltration hemodynamics in conscious, uremic dogs: effect of extracorporeal
      blood temperature.

PMID- 6424312
TI  - Acute renal failure versus nutrition: no free lunch in the ICU.

PMID- 6424313
TI  - [Socioeconomic conditions of older patients seeking long-term care. A
      sociological study].

PMID- 6424314
TI  - [The carbon dioxide laser in the complex treatment of acute suppurative lactation
      mastitis].
AB  - The use of the carbon dioxide laser in the complex treatment of acute purulent
      lactation mastitis has substantially improved results and shortened the terms of
      a duration of the treatment.

PMID- 6424315
TI  - [Determination of 2-6-diaminopimelic acid in samples of bacteria isolated from
      the rumen of sheep using an automatic amino acid analyzer].
AB  - The method of the use of the HD 1200-E automatic amino acid analyzer for the
      separation of amino acids was modified for the determination of 2-6
      diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) as a bacterial marker, besides the other amino acids
      in the acid hydrolyzates of samples of bacteria isolated from the rumen of sheep.
      The reproducibility of the determination of DAPA in a standard amino acid mixture
      found in the tests corresponded with the reproducibility of the determination of
      the other amino acids as indicated by the manufacturer of the apparatus. The
      lower limit of DAPA determination sensitivity is between 2 and 5 nmol. In samples
      of bacteria isolated from rumen wall, from feed particles of rumen contents and
      from rumen fluid, different contents of nitrogen and DAPA were obtained; this is
      ascribed to the different proportions of bacterial species in the bacterial
      populations having different functions.

PMID- 6424316
TI  - [Typing and number of chromosomes in the common pheasant and rock partridge].
AB  - The typology and number of chromosomes were studied in two species of feathered
      game: common pheasant and rock partridge. The use of the traditional method of
      bone marrow processing after Konstantinov and Dobriyanov (1974) made it possible
      in the studied species to form the caryotypes, even despite the problems
      encountered in avian cytogenetics. Chromosome typology was possible only in the
      largest chromosomes. In the remaining microchromosomes the position of centromere
      was not determined and the microchromosomes themselves appeared as points
      arranged by size in caryotypes. The number of chromosomes in common pheasant and
      rock partridge was 80.

PMID- 6424317
TI  - [Incidence of salmonellae in domestic fowl in Slovakia from 1971 to 1980].
AB  - In flocks with latent infections, 2724 strains of salmonellae (19 serotypes) were
      isolated from the birds. The following species were represented as follows: S.
      gallinarum-pullorum (65.08%), S. typhimurium (9.10%), S. bareilly (6.90%), S.
      enteritidis (2.38%) and S. agona (1.98%). In the foci of salmonelloses 893
      strains of salmonellae (19 serotypes) were isolated. The highest representation
      was found in the S. gallinarum-pullorum (54.20%), S. typhimurium (24.53%), S.
      bareilly (7.72%), S. choleraesuis (2.29%), S. enteritidis (1.68%), S. infantis
      (1.54%) and S. anatum (1.23%). Post-mortem examination resulted in recording 15
      887 strains of salmonellae (41 serotypes). The following were represented by the
      largest proportions: S. gallinarum-pullorum (26.62%), S. typhimurium (25.20%), S.
      bareilly (18.93%), S. infantis (7.20%), S. enteritidis (4.62%), S. agona (3.51%),
      S. choleraesuis (3.17%), S. anatum (2.19%), S. lille (1.54%) and S. bredeney
      (1.16%).

PMID- 6424318
TI  - [The effect of a protein-free diet on the submicroscopic structure of striated
      muscles in Japanese quail].
AB  - The effect of protein-free diet on the striated muscle m. gastrocnemius of
      Japanese quail was studied in three test groups and the data were compared with a
      control group. Each test group included three birds. The first group was fed
      protein-free diet for three days, the second group for six days and the third for
      nine days. Egg albumin was absent in the protein-free diet. The remaining
      components (maize starch, germ oil, cellulose, mineral and vitamin premix) were
      represented by the same percentage in both diets. In the second group of birds
      given protein-free diet for six days, doubled Z-lines were found. No such
      alterations were found in the remaining groups in comparison with the controls.
      Since doubled Z-lines occurred only in the group given the protein-free diet for
      six days, further study is needed to provide evidence indicating that the
      doubling of Z-line is due to this factor.

PMID- 6424319
TI  - [Methods of diagnosing subclinical mastitis in dairy cow mastitis control
      programs].
AB  - The number of somatic cells and the isolation of the causative agents of mastitis
      in quarter, composite, bucket, and bulk tank samples of cow's milk was determined
      four times during a six-month period. The number of somatic cells in milk samples
      indicated a degree of mastitis infection and was influenced neither by the year
      season nor by the length of lactation. At a repeated examination of 28 dairy cows
      an increased number of somatic cells in milk was found once in 68 udder quarters
      and with three successive samplings only in 21 quarters. The etiological agents
      of mastitis were detected once in 31 quarters and three times in succession only
      in five quarters. The number of cows positive by the number of cells in quarter
      samples of milk increased from 52.9-58.8% at a single examination to as much as
      100% at four examinations. The etiological agents of mastitis were isolated in a
      single examination in 17.6% of cows and at four examinations in 58.8% of cows.
      The composite and bucket samples of milk containing 200 to 300 thousand cells per
      ml are recommended to be considered as mastitis-positive: in 68 to 78% they came
      from cows having more than 500 thousand cells per ml at least in one quarter
      sample. The number of cells in a bulk sample was in correlation with the
      percentage of cows having a positive NK-test (similar to CMT) and positive
      isolation of S. agalactiae from quarter milk samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6424320
TI  - [Submicroscopic changes in the glandular epithelium of the endometrium in cows
      during the estrous cycle].
AB  - During the sexual cycle the structural changes in the cells of the glandular
      epithelium in the endometrium of a cow are more pronounced than those in the
      luminal epithelium. Microvilli appear on cell surface during pro-oestrus; in
      later stages the microvilli disappear and the apical parts penetrate into the
      lumen. The relative volume of mitochondria increases from pro-oestrus to
      culminate in oestrus and metoestrus and to drop in dioestrus. The values of the
      volume and surface area of granular endoplasmic reticulum are also at their
      highest level in oestrus and metoestrus. The lowest volume and surface area of
      smooth membranes are recorded in dioestrus, then it markedly increases to
      culminate in metoestrus. The incidence of lysosomes is variable and their volume
      culminates in metoestrus. The proliferation of the glandular epithelium has the
      highest intensity in oestrus and reaches its peak values in metoestrus when the
      apical parts of cytoplasm contain the largest amounts of smooth-walled vesicles
      and vacuoles, partly also secretory granules, and when the signs of secretion are
      observed.

PMID- 6424321
TI  - [Analysis of factors affecting the electric conductivity of cow's milk--breed,
      locale, season].
AB  - The problem was studied in a set of 678 mammary glands of 212 cows - crossbreds
      between the Holstein-Friesian breed with the Slovak Spotted cattle, crossbreds of
      the Black-Pied Lowland and Bohemian Spotted breed, and three-way crossbreds of
      the Black-Pied Lowland, Swedish White and Bohemian Spotted cattle. The
      confrontation of the confidence intervals of milk conductivity (MC) in healthy
      mammary glands at alpha = 0.05 showed that in the crossbreds of the Black-Pied
      Lowland cattle the MC was statistically significantly higher than in the breed
      types of the Holstein-Friesian cattle. The MC values decrease when there is a
      larger proportion of the blood of beef-and-dairy cattle (Slovak Spotted and
      Bohemian Spotted breeds). The locality where the stock was kept was found to act
      as an important factor underlying MC only in cases when both the geographical
      conditions and breed proportions were different. In a set homogenized with
      respect to the breeds, statistically significant differences in MC were
      demonstrated between the spring and summer season, spring and autumn, summer and
      autumn, and autumn and winter season.

PMID- 6424322
TI  - [Evaluation of the microbiological contamination of a milk feeding mixture (MKS)-
      Selasan].
AB  - The Selasan medicated milk replacer for piglets was evaluated from the point of
      view of the quality and quantity of the contaminating microflora in relation to
      the available raw-material base. Thirteen production batches of the Selasan
      mixture and eighteen production batches of seven partial components of the
      mixture were found to be sources of a high microbial contamination; however, the
      criteria given in Sectorial Standard ON 57 0836 were still met.

PMID- 6424323
TI  - Clinical and pathological changes in sheep experimentally poisoned by the blue
      green alga Microcystis aeruginosa.
AB  - Fifteen young sheep were inoculated intraruminally with various doses of an algal
      bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa. Lethally poisoned sheep died between 18 and 48
      hours after inoculation. Findings included marked elevation of serum
      concentrations of certain enzymes and bilirubin, mild elevations of blood urea
      nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus with marked reduction in blood glucose, a
      mild neutrophilia with a marked left shift and marked changes in coagulation
      parameters. Necropsy findings included pale swollen, sometimes hemorrhagic,
      livers, edema involving the body cavities and widespread small hemorrhages. The
      primary site of toxicity was the liver which had centrilobular to near massive
      hepatocyte necrosis. Electron microscopic lesions were aggregation of endoplasmic
      reticulum with displacement of subcellular organelles towards the periphery of
      the hepatocyte, and vacuolation of the contents of more severely affected cells.

PMID- 6424324
TI  - Astrovirus-like particles associated with hepatitis in ducklings.

PMID- 6424325
TI  - Lead poisoning in cygnets.

PMID- 6424326
TI  - Observations on rod coupling in the isolated retina of Bufo marinus.
AB  - Rod coupling was studied in the superfused isolated retina of Bufo marinus. Pairs
      of interacting rods were simultaneously impaled; current injected into one rod
      caused a current-induced potential in the second rod. Current-induced potentials
      and input resistance were monitored while changing the superfusate. Interactions
      were not reduced by removing extracellular Na+ or Cl-, indicating that these
      conductances do not mediate coupling. Interactions were not eliminated by
      altering extracellular Ca2+ or decreasing intracellular pH; the interactions are
      thus resistant to treatments that uncouple cels in other systems.

PMID- 6424327
TI  - [The effect of various factors on the results of chemotherapy in patients with
      recurrent ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma].
AB  - The results of chemotherapy (frequency and duration of remission) of 237 cases of
      primary and 119-recurrent serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovaries are discussed.

PMID- 6424328
TI  - [Lysine in human nutrition (biochemical aspects)].

PMID- 6424329
TI  - [State of the ribosomal apparatus of the liver during intravenous feeding with
      different amino acid mixtures].
AB  - Amino acid preparations were used in experiments on rats which received
      intravenous nutrition for 15 days. It has been demonstrated that electron
      microscopy and morphometry of hepatocyte structures provide an objective
      assessment of the protein-synthesizing system of the liver. This criterion
      combined with other ones may be used for the evaluation of nutritive mixtures.

PMID- 6424330
TI  - [Experimental study of the effect of a milk substitute on the secretory activity
      of the stomach in young rats].
AB  - Experiments were made on rats kept on artificial feeding. The animals were
      divided into two groups. The first group received a milk substitute from the 15th
      to the 21st day of life. The milk substitute was a liquid diet similar to the
      composition of rat's milk as regards the main indicators, containing 10% of
      protein represented by a mixture of casecyte and cow's milk serum proteins. The
      second group received the substitute once on the 21st day of life. Artificial
      feeding was shown to lead to a decrease in the pH of gastric chyme and to a rise
      of the total acidity calculated per mg protein of the chyme as compared to the
      respective indicators in animals on breast feeding (the third group). As compared
      to the third group animals, the concentration of pepsin in the gastric chyme
      increased 5- and 3.5-fold in the first and second group animals, respectively.

PMID- 6424331
TI  - [Enzyme characteristics of food poisoning caused by grain contaminated with
      Fusarium sporotrichiella].
AB  - Subacute experiments were made to examine the effect of the grain contaminated
      with Fusarium sporotrichiella on the activity of organelle-specific enzymes of
      the liver, thymus, spleen, bone marrow and blood serum of rats (beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, arylsulfatases A
      and B, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase,
      ketoso-1-phosphate aldolase) and on the protein content. The feeding of the grain
      provoked an early appearance of the symptoms of intoxication and a change in the
      activity of organelle-specific enzymes manifesting in the activation of lysosomal
      hydrolases in the thymus, bone marrow and spleen and in a decrease in the blood
      serum activity of the most enzymes investigated.

PMID- 6424332
TI  - The rosetting antiglobulin test as a means of determining the D zygosity of human
      red cells.
AB  - The erythrocyte-antibody rosetting antiglobulin test was used to determine
      differences in the expression of various Rh antigens on homozygous and
      heterozygous Rh positive red blood cells. The rosetting antiglobulin test was
      able to detect the relative difference in expression of C, c, E and e on homo-
      and heterozygous red blood cells. Based on these findings, the test was used and
      found suitable for determining the genotypes of various D positive red blood
      cells.

PMID- 6424333
TI  - Plasma discolouration due to sun-tanning aids.
AB  - The ingestion of the new sun-tan capsules 'Orobronze' containing the carotenoid
      derivative canthaxanthin discolours plasma orange. This is noticeable in the
      plasma of blood donations received 4 days after starting the capsules and
      continues for a further 4 weeks after finishing the course. This cause of plasma
      discolouration should be recognised as it was found to mask haemolysis within a
      plasma sample.

PMID- 6424334
TI  - [Immunoelectron microscopy of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex].

PMID- 6424335
TI  - [Isolation of preparative amounts of influenza virus hemagglutinin by an affinity
      chromatographic method].
AB  - The use of affinity column sepharose-tyrosine-sulfanilic acid permits one to
      obtain preparative amounts of pure hemagglutinin of the types H1, H2, H3 from the
      total amount of surface glycoproteins solubilized by octylglycoside from
      antigenically different strains of influenza A virus. The yield of hemagglutinin
      ranges from 30% to 84% depending on the virus strain.

PMID- 6424336
TI  - [Genetics of the immune response].

PMID- 6424337
TI  - [Prolactin secretion and gynecomastia].
AB  - Nine males with gynecomastia were examined. The serum levels of LH, FSH,
      prolactin, testosteron, estradiol were determined, in some of the patients-
      progesteron. A stimulation with thyreoliberin was carried out to follow up
      prolactin reaction. The same examinations were performed with a control group of
      healthy males. Contrary to the healthy subjects, the patients with gynecomastia
      had a significantly higher levels of FSH and progesteron and testosteron was
      reduced with statistical significance. The basal level of prolactin in the
      patients with gynecomastia was not significantly increased and no deviations in
      the parameters of prolactin reaction was observed after the stimulation by
      thyreoliberin. On the base of those results progesteron in the males with
      gynecomastia is admitted to be able to support the mammo--tropic effect of
      estrogens, together with the reduced androgens and the altered receptivity of the
      mammary glands. Prolactin is of no great importance for gynecomastia.

PMID- 6424338
TI  - Viral hepatitis.

PMID- 6424339
TI  - 1-Deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin--an alternative in the management of mild
      haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - Intravenous administration of 0.4 micrograms DDAVP/kg body weight in 16 normal
      controls, 34 patients with haemophilia A and 30 patients with von Willebrand's
      disease (vWd) was followed by an increase in FVIII: C from 230 to 410%, in
      FVIIIR:Ag from 160 to 260% and FVIIIR:RC of from 160 to 320%. Additionally, in
      the patients with vWd, a shortening of the bleeding time and improvement in
      platelet retention was observed. In 7 haemophiliacs with pretreatment levels of
      FVIII: C ranging from between 11 and 43% dental extractions were performed
      successfully after DDAVP whereas in 2 patients with FVIII: C levels of 5 and 6%,
      respectively, severe bleeding necessitated administration of factor VIII
      concentrates. In 8 haemophiliacs (FVIII: C between 6.5 and 50%) and 2 patients
      with vWd (FVIII: C 18 and 36%, respectively) DDAVP enabled minor surgery and
      successful therapy of spontaneous or traumatic bleeding complications. However,
      severe postoperative bleeding after stomach surgery in 2 haemophiliacs (FVIII: C
      23 and 40%, respectively) and severe menstrual bleeding in one patient with vWd
      (FVIII: C 15%) required administration of factor VIII concentrates. At present
      DDAVP therapy should be restricted to minor surgery and non-life-threatening,
      spontaneous or traumatic bleeding complications in patients with pretreatment
      FVIII: C levels higher than 10%.

PMID- 6424340
TI  - [Combined occurrence of renovascular hypertension, coarctation of the abdominal
      aorta, occlusion of the celiac and mesenteric arteries and kyphoscoliosis with
      neurofibromatosis--a case report].
AB  - The case is reported of a 16 year-old girl with arterial hypertension,
      generalized neurofibromatosis, coarctation of the abdominal aorta, bilateral
      renal artery stenosis, occlusion of the coeliac artery and superior mesenteric
      artery and kyphoscoliosis.

PMID- 6424342
TI  - [Long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6424341
TI  - [Proliferation of megakaryocytic precursor cells (CFU-M) in a micro-agar culture
      system].
AB  - The recently described micro-agar culture system for cloning erythropoietic
      progenitor cells was used to study the optimum conditions for the growth of CFU
      M. In this system human mononuclear cells from normal human bone marrow were
      suspended in agar and incubated for 12 days. Various concentrations of
      phytohaemagglutinin lymphocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) and prostaglandin E
      (PGE) were added to the liquid overlayer in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2
      ME) for the stimulation of CFU-M. Human AB serum was used instead of fetal calf
      serum (FCS) in all experiments. A sigmoidal dose-response curve, with a plateau
      at a concentration of 5 to 10%, was obtained by the addition of different
      concentrations of PHA-LCM in the presence of 10(-6)PG-E. Under optimal conditions
      (5% PHA-LCM, PGE 10(-6)M) a linear relation was obtained between the number of
      seeded cells and the megakaryocytic colonies formed. For routine morphological
      analysis the whole agar layer was stained using the Pappenheim method. For
      further characterization of CFU-M, an immunofluorescence test with rabbit
      antihuman factor VIII related antigen was performed on the whole agar layer.

PMID- 6424343
TI  - Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in a long-term care setting.

PMID- 6424344
TI  - Treatment of an anastomotic leak after ileocolostomy by percutaneous drainage and
      total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6424345
TI  - Metabolism of the mercapturic acid of 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl in rats and mice.
AB  - 2,4',5-Trichloro[14C]biphenyl mercapturic acids (triCB-MA) were metabolized in
      part to methylsulphide, methylsulphoxide and methylsulphone metabolites after
      i.p., i.v. (hepatic portal vein) and p.o. administration to rats. Methylthio
      triCB and triCB-MA were present in faeces and 3- and 4- methylsulphonyl-triCB
      (triCB-SO2CH3) were present in carcasses of all rats. Only triCB-SO2CH3 was
      present in lung tissue. As shown by autoradiography, radioactivity accumulated in
      the tracheo-bronchial mucosa of mice given either intracaecal or tail-vein
      injections of triCB-MA. Radioactivity extracted from the lungs of mice was shown
      to be present as triCB-SO2CH3.

PMID- 6424346
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of diphenyl ether in rats.
AB  - After i.p. administration of [14C]diphenyl ether (5 mg/kg) to rats, radioactivity
      was detected rapidly in all organs and tissues. After intragastric administration
      of [14C]diphenyl ether (10 mg/kg) to rats, unchanged diphenyl ether in the blood
      was at max. concn. within 15 h and decreased linearly with time, with a
      biological half-life of about 1.5 h. More than 90% of the intragastrically
      administered dose was excreted in urine and faeces within three days; greater
      than 80% dose was in the urine. From g.l.c. and mass-spectral data, it was shown
      that rats metabolized diphenyl ether to its 2-hydroxy, 4-hydroxy, 4,4'-dihydroxy,
      4-methoxy-monohydroxy and 4-methoxy-dihydroxy derivatives.

PMID- 6424347
TI  - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae antigens].

PMID- 6424348
TI  - [Tolerance of intraduodenal tube feeding. Prospective studies of the tolerance of
      a 10-day, continuous intraduodenal administration of a peptide diet and its
      effects on various serum parameters in healthy subjects].
AB  - Filiform nasoduodenal nutrition tubes in connection with portable infusion pumps
      are now available and by this way continuous enteral nutrition is given to a
      certain number of patients, thus avoiding expensive parenteral nutrition which
      demands a great deal of nursing care and bears a greater risk of complications.
      In order to study the acceptance and effects of this nutrition, 10 healthy
      persons were fed by the new system with a fiber-free, low molecular peptide diet.
      The probands had to write a daily protocol and, at the end of the test, had to
      answer a questionnaire regarding the effectivity and social consequences of the
      system and their subjective sensations. Before and after the enteral nutrition
      phase, different serum parameters were also determined. The results show that a
      continuous intraduodenal nutrition by tube can be achieved outside the clinic
      allowing to exercise the profession. The general well-being of the probands was
      moderately disturbed only by the tube whereas the other points from the
      questionnaire were less disturbing. Regarding the serum parameters only a
      reduction in the serum potassium was remarkable.

PMID- 6424349
TI  - [Circulatory adaptation of the newborn infant immediately post partum by bilocal
      measurement of transcutaneous PCO2].
AB  - In addition to cardio-respirography, non-invasive intermittent blood pressure
      measurement, temperature measurement and transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure
      measurement, a further non-invasive method for monitoring the post partuant
      adaptation of the newborn has emerged with the development of an electrode for
      measuring the transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure. In order to achieve
      the correct interpretation of measuring data in depressed newborns, a
      transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure measurement was performed on 36
      vigorous newborns directly post partum. The levels of the transcutaneous carbon
      dioxide measurement exceeded those from arterial PCO2 measurements. After using
      the Severinghaus corrective formula which takes into account a tissue factor as
      well as a temperature factor, the levels did correspond well with the results
      from arterial CO2 partial pressure determinations. In order to be able to
      investigate the adaptation of the circulation, we performed synchronous
      measurements of the tcPCO2 infraclavically and in the regio pubica. The
      significant difference between the measuring data of both electrodes up to an
      interval of 26 minutes post partum suggests that during the early adaptation
      phase of the vigorous newborn, there is a right to left shunt with venous
      admixture.

PMID- 6424350
TI  - [Isolation and immunologic determination of apolipoprotein A-I in human serum].

PMID- 6424351
TI  - [Stability of ristocetin cofactor and factor VIII associated antigen in relation
      to storage conditions].

PMID- 6424352
TI  - [Instead of laxatives: prunes, whole wheat and buttermilk. Interview by Viveka
      Holmertz].

PMID- 6424353
TI  - Association of ankylosing spondylitis and monoclonal gammopathy: clinical case
      report and pathogenetic considerations.
AB  - Monoclonal gammopathy has rarely been reported in ankylosing spondylitis. We
      observed a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and monoclonal gammopathy with no
      signs of malignancy, chronic infections or amyloidosis. This association may show
      some possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these two different diseases of
      still uncertain etiology.

PMID- 6424354
TI  - The effects of gold sodium thiomalate on the binding and internalization of
      concanavalin A in human mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - The effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on the binding and internalization of
      concanavalin A (Con A) in human mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) were investigated
      in vitro. First, the binding and internalization of Con A were examined
      quantitatively using 3H-Con A. The prolonged incubation with GST induced a
      prominent inhibition of 3H-Con A internalization in M phi. The inhibition was
      increased in parallel with both increasing concentrations of GST and increasing
      time intervals of the incubation with GST. On the other hand, GST failed to
      significantly affect the binding of 3H-Con A to the M phi surface receptor.
      Second, the binding and internalization of Con A were examined qualitatively by
      fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Con A (FITC-Con A). After incubation with
      GST for 72 h, the internalization of FITC-Con A was prominently impaired in
      vacuolated M phi. A significant inhibition of FITC-Con A internalization was not
      observed in either GST-treated nonvacuolated M phi or non-GST-treated M phi. Thus
      the inhibition of FITC-Con A internalization in GST-treated vacuolated M phi
      seemed to account for the inhibition of 3H-Con A internalization in all the GST
      treated M phi populations. The binding of FITC-Con A to the cell surface receptor
      and the clustering of FITC-Con A receptor complexes were not detectably changed
      in any of the M phi populations. These results indicated that GST alters the
      initial step in the activation of M phi by Con A, namely the internalization of
      this mitogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424355
TI  - [Acute abdomen - diabetic pseudoperitonitis?].

PMID- 6424356
TI  - [Effect of pethidine administration on transcutaneous oxygen pressure in the
      fetus and pulmonary adaptation post natum].
AB  - After application of Pethidine to the mother for the purpose of obstetric
      analgesia we couldn't find any changes in the fetal tcPO2-behaviour. As well 95
      term infants with and without previous Pethidine-application to the mother showed
      no disturbance of cardio-pulmonary adaptation in hyperoxia-test.

PMID- 6424357
TI  - Bacteriologic and epidemiologic studies on the occurrence of Listeria
      monocytogenes in healthy cattles.
AB  - The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in 61 fresh stool specimens from normal
      beef cattle obtained from a slaughterhouse in Rio de Janeiro was studied. The
      animals were divided in two groups of similar number separated by age; animals of
      up to five years, and animals of 5 years and more. In the research of this
      microorganism 9 culture media were used: four enrichment media, one for transport
      and four selective media. From the results, 11 animals proved to be carriers, of
      which nine were five years of age or older and two were of the younger group. Two
      hundred and twenty-one samples of Listeria were obtained from these 11 animals.
      The combination of Tryptose broth containing 40 mcg/ml nalidixic acid and 10
      mcg/ml trypaflavine, incubated for 5 days at ambient temperature (+/- 28 degrees
      C), with the second modification of Ralovich medium, showed the best results for
      detection of Listeria both quantitatively and qualitatively. Among the serotypes
      characterized in this research the types with greater incidence were L 4 a
      (60.18%), L 4 f (20.36%), and L 4 b (9.05%).

PMID- 6424358
TI  - [In vitro activity of 23 chemotherapeutic agents against Campylobacter
      jejuni/coli strains isolated from feces].
AB  - In vitro susceptibility of 256 C. jejuni/coli-isolates to 23 antimicrobial agents
      were tested by an agar-diffusion technique and by determination of the minimal
      inhibition concentrations. The isolates tested were highly susceptible to
      tetracycline, the aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and pipemic
      acid. They were resistant to cephalosporins (except Cefotaxime) and penicillin
      and its derivatives. About 6% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin (MIC
      4 micrograms/ml) and about 15% to nalidixic acid (MIC 40 micrograms/ml). The
      significance of the resistance patterns of C. jejuni/coli strains for therapy and
      taxonomic problems was discussed.

PMID- 6424359
TI  - A comparative study on the pretreatment methods for the cultivation of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis on LJ medium using pancreatin as digestant for sputa.
AB  - Pancreatin was used as mucolytic agent in combination with sodium hydroxide and
      oxalic acid. Assessment of the appropriate concentration of the two
      decontaminants and the optimum contact time was made. It was observed that 2.5%
      sodium hydroxide with a contact time of 20 min and 3.5% oxalic acid with a
      contact time of 30 min yielded better results as compared to other permutations
      tried. Sputum specimens from 368 cases admitted to Ojha Institute of Chest
      Diseases were cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the modified methods
      described here and compared with the standard method. Higher number of positive
      cultures from film positive, as well as film negative specimens and fewer
      negatives and contaminations were observed with pancreatin/3.5% oxalic acid
      method. Comparatively less positives and more negatives and contaminations were
      noted when pancreatin/2.5% sodium hydroxide combination was used. Standard
      method, as compared to the pancreatin/2.5% sodium hydroxide and pancreatin/3.5%
      oxalic acid methods, gave fewer positive cultures both from film positive
      specimens and film negative specimens and higher negatives and contaminations
      were observed. Merits and demerits of the three methods are discussed.

PMID- 6424360
TI  - [Method of isolating and controlling fluorescent Fab fragments of antibodies
      against horse serum proteins].
AB  - For the first time the lyophilized fluorescent Fab-fragments of rabbit antibodies
      to horse serum protein, suitable for detecting different antigens and antibodies
      to these antigens, have been obtained by the specially developed method. The
      criteria to be used in the control of the antispecific fluorescent fragments of
      antibodies have been described and the methods of their control before and after
      lyophilization have been developed. The use of the antispecific fluorescent Fab
      fragments of antibodies has been shown to considerably accelerate and simplify
      the indirect immunofluorescent assay.

PMID- 6424361
TI  - [Comparative study of the safety, reactogenicity and antigenic activity of
      chemical and live brucellosis vaccines in a controlled epidemiological trial].
AB  - The complex evaluation of the reactogenicity characteristics revealed that after
      immunization with chemical brucellosis vaccine systemic reactions observed in
      most of the vaccinees were mildly pronounced and local reactions, mildly and
      moderately pronounced, their duration not exceeding 48-72 hours. During 4 months
      after immunization the antigenic and immunogenic potency of chemical brucellosis
      vaccine was no different from that of live brucellosis vaccine; seropositive
      persons immunized with chemical and live brucellosis vaccines showed no
      statistically significant differences in the geometric mean of their antibody
      titers, as determined in a number of serological tests, for a year after
      immunization. The examination of the vaccinees 4 and 12 months after immunization
      revealed that the sensitizing activity of chemical brucellosis vaccine was,
      respectively, 12.2 and 2.5 times lower than the allergenic action of live
      brucellosis vaccine.

PMID- 6424362
TI  - [Pathogenesis and specific prophylaxis of diphtheria].

PMID- 6424363
TI  - [Use of a method of immunoradiometric analysis for determining rickettsial
      antigens in cell cultures and chick embryos].
AB  - The possibility of using IRMA in the authors' modification for the determination
      of rickettsiae and their antigens in different biological substances has been
      studied. The method has proved to be highly sensitive in the determination of the
      minimal amounts of antigens in diagnostic reagents and in rickettsial cell and
      egg cultures. The data obtained in this study indicate that there are good
      prospects for using this modification of IRMA in different specific
      investigations involving the detection of microorganisms and their antigens.

PMID- 6424364
TI  - [Direct IgG-mediated reactivity of human neutrophils to Corynebacterium
      diphtheriae peptidoglycan].
AB  - The direct and IgG-mediated reactivity to C. diphtheriae peptidoglycan in the
      system of neutrophilic phagocytosis was studied. Peptidoglycan treated with IgG
      (2-20 mg/ml) isolated from commercial immunoglobulin stimulated the reduction of
      nitro blue tetrazolium by human neutrophils. Direct (IgG-independent) reactions
      were much less intensive. The problem of normal IgG opsonizing C. diphtheriae
      peptidoglycan is discussed.

PMID- 6424365
TI  - [Efficacy of thymostimulin in experimental combined therapy of malignant
      gliomas].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of one of the thymus preparations, thymostimulin,
      on the growth of experimental cerebral glioma. It was found that independent
      administration of thymostimulin at the beginning or in the second half of the
      latent period of tumor growth had no essential effect on the survival of rats.
      Injection of thymostimulin during chemotherapy with fluorafur increased the
      survival of rats considerably, both in early and in late immunotherapy.

PMID- 6424366
TI  - [Problems in the surgical treatment of epilepsy].

PMID- 6424367
TI  - Some aspects of structure of murine H-2d antigens.
AB  - The apparent molecular weight of proteins precipitated by normal rabbit serum
      from lysates of lymph node cells ranged from 10 000 to 150 000. Mono-specific
      anti-H-2d serum precipitated molecules composed of heavy and light chains with Mr
      of 47 000 and 12 000, respectively. Tunicamycin treatment caused a decrease of
      the molecular weight of heavy chain by 4 000 and a change of pI from 5.2 - 5.9 to
      5.4 - 5.8. Non-glycosylated heavy chain exhibited Mr of 43 000. The
      oligosaccharide side chains were resistant to digestion by endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H. The Mr and pI of beta 2-microglobulin were not altered
      by treatment with tunicamycin and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H.
      Tunicamycin caused a 50% decrease of overall synthesis of cellular proteins.

PMID- 6424368
TI  - Synthesis of heat shock proteins in Drosophila melanogaster embryos.
AB  - The pattern of polypeptides synthesized in a cell-free protein synthesizing
      system containing polysomes isolated from heat-shocked (37 C) Drosophila embryos
      showed significant differences when compared with the pattern obtained when
      polysomes from normal embryos were used. The synthesis of normal embryonal
      proteins was reduced and the heat shock proteins were the major products of
      elongation. After short, 10 min, heat treatment mainly quantitative changes were
      observed suggesting that normal mRNAs were still present on polysomes, and their
      products could be completed in vitro in the heterologous cell-free system. The
      mRNAs coding for normal embryonal proteins were present in almost unchanged
      amounts in heat-shocked embryos as could be judged from the pattern of proteins
      synthesized in heterologous cell-free system supplemented with cytoplasmic RNA
      from normal and heat-shocked embryos. Thus the change in protein synthesis in
      heat-shocked embryos is not associated with degradation of normal embryonal mRNAs
      but with their inaccessibility for translation.

PMID- 6424369
TI  - LC-6 inhibition of the rat skin reactions is due to mediator release inhibitor
      and not to mediator antagonism.

PMID- 6424370
TI  - Bacterial protein production from sugar cane bagasse pith.

PMID- 6424371
TI  - Temporal changes in FSH and LH concentrations following the administration of a
      potent LH-RH inhibitory analogue ( [N-Ac-D-Trp1, 3, D-p-Cl-Phe2, D-Phe6, D-Ala10]
      LH-RH) to oophorectomized rhesus monkeys.
AB  - A series of studies was performed in order to assess the antigonadotropic potency
      of an inhibitory analogue of LH-RH (IA-LH-RH) ( [N-Ac-D-Trp1, 3, D-p-Cl-Phe2, D
      Phe6, D-Ala10]-LH-RH) in oophorectomized rhesus monkeys. I) Single administration
      of 1 mg IA-LH-RH im resulted in a prompt and significant decrease of serum levels
      of FSH and LH which lasted for at least 24 h. A specific rebound of serum LH to
      higher concentrations than baseline occurred in all animals at +48 or +72 h. II)
      Exogenous LH-RH at a dose of 150 micrograms was administered iv 2 or 18 h after
      the injection of 1 mg IA-LH-RH. Blood was drawn at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 and 180
      min post LH-RH. The rise in LH and FSH levels observed in the control animals was
      not altered when LH-RH was administered 2 h after the antagonist, but it was
      significantly inhibited and delayed when LH-RH was given 18 h after the LH-RH
      inhibitory analogue. These results show that antagonistic analogues of LH-RH are
      potent inhibitors of gonadotropin concentrations in non-human primates. Their
      potential use in conditions in which inhibition of gonadotropin secretion and/or
      release is desired is discussed.

PMID- 6424372
TI  - Dose response inhibition of the circhoral pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH in
      rhesus monkeys by the administration of a potent inhibitory analogue of LH-RH (
      [N-Ac-D-Trp1, 3, D-p-Cl-Phe2, D-Phe6, D-Ala10]-LH-RH).
AB  - The pulsatility of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone
      (FSH) secretion was evaluated in chronically ovariectomized rhesus monkeys before
      and after the administration of [N-Ac-D-Trp1, 3, D-p-Cl-Phe2, D-Phe6, D-Ala10]-LH
      RH) (IA-LHRH). Animals were divided into three groups (n = 4, each group)
      receiving, s.c.: 1) vehicle only (controls); 2) 0.5 mg IA-LH-RH; and 3) 2 mg IA
      LH-RH. Twelve hours following drug administration, animals were chair-restrained
      and blood samples drawn every 10 minutes over a period of 4 hours via indwelling
      femoral vein catheters. LH and FSH levels were measured by RIA to determine the
      frequency, amplitude and increment of the pulses. Twelve hours after the
      administration of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg of IA-LH-RH, levels of LH were reduced by 30
      per cent and 68 per cent (P less than 0.001) and those of FSH by 34 per cent and
      53 per cent (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.002), respectively. Doses of 0.5
      mg IA-LH-RH decreased the amplitude (20 per cent; P less than 0.001), increment
      (17 ng/ml; P less than 0.001) and frequency (2 per 4 h; P less than 0.001) of LH
      pulses. Administration of 2 mg IA-LH-RH produced a fall of increment (8 ng/ml; P
      less than 0.001), frequency (1 per 4 h; P less than 0.001) and pulse amplitude
      (26 per cent; P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424373
TI  - Bromocryptine-cyclofenil associated therapy: an effective and safe mode of
      treatment of female normoprolactinemic infertility.
AB  - In 51 infertile normoprolactinemic women, aged 19 to 44 years, with anovulatory
      menstrual cycles and with no endocrine disorders, who had never conceived after
      the currently employed drugs for female sterility (human chorionic gonadotropin,
      human menopausal gonadotropin, clomiphene, cyclofenil, bromocryptine itself) a
      new therapeutic approach was tried: cyclofenil and bromocryptine in association.
      Before the treatment, a standard luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) test (100 micrograms intravenously) was performed for each woman to
      evaluate serum gonadotropin and prolactin response; furthermore, the urinary
      estrogen excretion or the serum 17-beta-estradiol concentration had been
      evaluated in all women. The schedule of treatment was as follows: cyclofenil, 600
      mg/day, from the 5th to the 12th day of the cycle and bromocryptine, 2.5 mg/day,
      from the 5th to the 26th day. This scheme was employed for three successive
      trials at the most. Forty pregnancies (80%) were achieved with the associated
      therapy, almost all (37) within the second treatment cycle. Thirty-one women
      delivered a vital baby, five are now pregnant, four aborted spontaneously. All
      seven women who had been unsuccessfully treated with bromocryptine alone,
      conceived after the associated regimen. In view of the excellent therapeutic
      results achieved in our hands, it is justified to consider our proposed scheme
      cyclofenil-bromocryptine an effective therapy for the management of infertile
      normo-prolactinemic women.

PMID- 6424374
TI  - The effect of the gametogenesis on serum FSH, LH and prolactin levels in
      infertile men.
AB  - In a group of 270 infertile men serum FSH, LH and prolactin levels were estimated
      and testicular biopsy was done on all subjects. This investigation showed highly
      significant influence of histologic appearance on serum FSH and LH but not on
      serum prolactin levels. Significant elevation of serum FSH level was first
      detected in men with spermatogenic arrest at the level of the primary
      spermatocyte, but the greatest number was in men without any germ cell in the
      seminiferous tubules. Serum LH level depended very much on the presence or
      absence of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and were significantly elevated
      only in cases with seminiferous tubules deprived of the germ cells. According to
      this study serum FSH and LH levels were found to be good discriminator of
      testicular histologies.

PMID- 6424375
TI  - The action of carbenoxolone on enzymes, with special reference to the pepsins and
      their secretion.

PMID- 6424376
TI  - Neurofibromatosis in monozygotic twins: a case report.
AB  - A case report is given of a pair of monozygotic twin girls with neurofibromatosis
      caused by a new mutation. The symptomatology was dominated by a neurofibrosarcoma
      on the leg of one twin and by a large plexiform neurofibroma on the neck of the
      other twin. Otherwise, the disease showed similar, although not identical or
      mirror-image distribution of subcutaneous neurofibromas and cafe-au-lait spots.
      The twins had identical HLA and blood group antigens and the same chromosome
      aberration. These case reports indicate that nonhereditary factors may influence
      the manifestations of neurofibromatosis. A review of the literature on
      monozygotic twins with neurofibromatosis is given.

PMID- 6424377
TI  - Nutritional status of Nigerian village twins.
AB  - Nutritional status of 19 pairs of twins and 17 singleton controls was assessed by
      measuring dietary intake and selected anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
      The results indicated no significant variations between first and second twins
      and singleton controls and between all twins and controls for all parameters
      studied. Significant variations were found in serum alpha-globulin and protein
      and energy intake when male and female twins are compared with male and female
      controls.

PMID- 6424378
TI  - Hereditary dysfibrinogenemia--the first 25 years.

PMID- 6424379
TI  - Hereditary dysfibrinogenemia characterized by slow fibrinopeptide release and
      competitive inhibition of thrombin.
AB  - A qualitative abnormality of fibrinogen was identified in a 40-year-old woman
      with recurrent thrombophlebitis. Fibrinogen levels were normal when determined by
      immunologic, gravimetric, or nephelometric methods (200-390 mg/dl), but were
      diminished when tested by techniques based on the thrombin time (13 mg/dl).
      Asymptomatic family members, including both parents of the proposita, were less
      severely affected (mean fibrinogen level 100 mg/dl). The rate of fibrinopeptide
      release from purified fibrinogen was abnormally slow, whereas purified fibrin
      monomers polymerized at a normal rate. The abnormal fibrinogen was found to act
      as a competitive inhibitor of thrombin with an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 0.2
      microM. This value was the same as the Michaelis constant (Km) of the normal
      thrombin-fibrinogen reaction, an observation consistent with an abnormality that
      retards fibrinopeptide release without affecting enzyme-substrate affinity.

PMID- 6424380
TI  - An atypical von Willebrand's disease with hyperreactivity of platelet
      aggregation.
AB  - Two family members (daughter and mother) with a bleeding disorder showed
      prolonged bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time associated with
      decreased plasma levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity, factor VIII-related
      antigen, and factor VIII-ristocetin cofactor activity. The ristocetin-induced
      platelet agglutination (RIPA) was enhanced, ADP-, collagen- and Ca ionophore
      induced platelet aggregation were also increased at low concentrations of these
      compounds. In the mother, spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was also
      observed. Contrary to type II B von Willebrand's disease (vWd), pseudo-vWd and
      platelet-type vWd, the patients did not show any increased binding of factor
      VIII/vWf to platelets in the presence of ristocetin. The RIPA in normal controls
      were inhibited by addition of antifactor VIII antiserum to the platelet-rich
      plasma, but not in cases 1 and 2. In this atypical vWd, therefore, the
      hyperreactivity of platelet aggregation may be due to an intrinsic abnormality of
      the platelets, but not to any enhanced interaction between plasma factor VIII and
      the platelets.

PMID- 6424381
TI  - Acute myeloid leukemia with giant inclusions: cytochemical and ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - Giant granules formation was investigated in myeloblasts of a patient with acute
      myelogenous leukemia by means of the combined techniques of peroxidase
      cytochemistry both in light and electron microscopy. Several pathologic features
      were noted: first an abnormal packaging of peroxidase in the peripheral area in
      large azurophilic granulations, second the progressive enlargement of huge
      vacuolar inclusions resulting from the interaction and fusion of large
      azurophilic granules with each other, with normal-sized primary granules and with
      cytoplasmic components. Microcrystalline structure could not be found in giant
      vacuoles no in vacuolar inclusions resembling Auer bodies. This last finding
      could explain that no disseminated intravascular coagulation was observed in our
      patient.

PMID- 6424382
TI  - Acute myeloblastic leukaemia presenting with superior vena cava syndrome due to
      mediastinal mass.
AB  - A patient with acute leukaemia presenting with superior vena cava syndrome due to
      a large mediastinal mass is reported. The presence of blast cells with Auer rods
      in peripheral blood and bone marrow allowed the diagnosis of acute myeloblastic
      leukaemia. Following intensive chemotherapy the patient achieved a complete
      remission, with disappearance of the signs of venous obstruction and
      normalization of the chest roentgenogram. Although no histopathological
      documentation of the mediastinal tumor was available, its myeloblastic origin was
      assumed in view of the clinical course.

PMID- 6424383
TI  - CFU-GM colony-enhancing activity in sera of dogs under acute and chronic gamma
      irradiation regimens.
AB  - Dogs were chronically irradiated (10 R/day; 0-400 R) or acutely irradiated (20
      R/min; 0-400 R) with 60Co gamma-rays. Sera were collected and assayed for colony
      enhancing activity by a double-layer agar cloning technique. When test sera alone
      were incorporated in the feeder layers, no colony-forming units
      granulocyte/macrophage formation occurred; the addition of peripheral blood
      leukocytes to such test sera-containing feeder layers resulted in formation of
      colonies, the number of which was directly related to the cumulative radiation
      dose. Serum-enhancing factor activity indirectly increased colony formation by
      stimulating feeder layer leukocytes to generate increased levels of colony
      stimulating activity. Levels of serum-enhancing activity were higher at similar
      dose levels following acute gamma irradiation then following chronic irradiation.

PMID- 6424384
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane sialic acid in new-born infants.
AB  - Erythrocyte surface sialic acid was measured in 94 full-term new-born infants and
      in 20 premature infants of different ages, varying from 1 to 16 post-natal days.
      After the first 3 days of life, the amount of sialic acid, both per cell and per
      gramme of haemoglobin, was rapidly reduced to 70-80% of the initial value; these
      lower levels were maintained on the following days. The decrease observed on the
      4th day may represent an expression of the mechanism by which a large amount of
      fetal red blood cells is eliminated from the circulation during the same period.
      Therefore, the relationship between sialic acid decrement and red cell
      sequestration exists also in fetal erythrocytes, and this may contribute to
      clarify the exact role of sialic acid in red cell survival time.

PMID- 6424385
TI  - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with bone marrow sarcoidosis.
AB  - The coexistence of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (direct IgG antiglobulin test)
      and pure bone marrow sarcoidosis is described in a 69-year-old woman. This case
      report seems to be the 5th in the available literature.

PMID- 6424386
TI  - High-dose intravenous corticosteroid for a patient with Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
      refractory to classical prednisone treatment.
AB  - A 2.5-year-old boy with congenital pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) became
      unresponsive to conventional prednisone (2 mg/kg) treatment following a febrile
      period related to diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization and required
      transfusions. Following an administration of high-dose intravenous
      methylprednisolone, his bone marrow and hematological findings were completely
      normalized and continued so for 18 months after initiation and 9.5 months after
      discontinuation of the treatment. When his anemia relapsed, following an upper
      respiratory infection, he was again found refractory to conventional prednisone
      administration but responded promptly to intravenous bolus methylprednisolone
      treatment.

PMID- 6424387
TI  - Erythropoietin levels in heterozygous beta-thalassemia.
AB  - In the present work the capacity of serum of beta-thalassemic heterozygous and
      normal subjects to stimulate 59Fe uptake into heme in guinea pig bone marrow
      cultures is analyzed. The results show that labelled iron uptake is higher in
      cultures with thalassemic serum than in cultures with normal serum. No
      correlation between labelled iron uptake and Hb level or sex has been found in
      either group.

PMID- 6424388
TI  - Hemoglobin phenotype and mean erythrocyte volume in Sicilian people.

PMID- 6424389
TI  - Pulmonary embolism and L-asparaginase therapy.

PMID- 6424390
TI  - Effects of nitroglycerin on central haemodynamics and VA/Q distribution during
      ventilation with FIO2 = 1.0 in patients after coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - The effects of nitroglycerin (TNG) infusion during ventilation with FIO2 = 1.0 on
      central haemodynamics and the distribution of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) were
      studied with the multiple inert gas elimination technique in eight patients after
      coronary bypass surgery. Administration of TNG resulted in a significant decrease
      in mean arterial pressure, and an increase in heart rate while cardiac output
      remained unchanged. Mean right atrial, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge
      pressures all decreased. There was a significant reduction in PaO2 from 50.5 to
      32.7 kPa, while Pao2 remained unchanged in a control group of eight patients.
      This was mainly due to an increase in shunt from 9.3 to 16.5% of cardiac output
      during TNG-infusion. In the control group there was also an increase in shunt
      from 9.7 to 12.1% of cardiac output with a simultaneous decrease of the same
      magnitude in perfusion of regions with low VA/Q (0.005-0.1). This was not evident
      in the group receiving TNG. Twenty min after termination of TNG-infusion the
      effects on central haemodynamics and gas exchange were not fully reversed. The
      mechanism behind the increase in inert gas shunt observed with infusion of TNG
      during oxygen breathing is probably a selective effect on vessels with remaining
      high vasomotor tone despite high alveolar oxygen tension.

PMID- 6424391
TI  - The combined effects of pregnancy and repeated plasma exchange on serum
      cholinesterase activity.
AB  - Fourteen patients are described in whom repeated plasma exchange was performed as
      part of their treatment for Rh alloimmunisation during pregnancy. Despite
      administration of fresh frozen plasma at frequent intervals during therapy, serum
      cholinesterase activity was shown to be reduced to levels sufficient to put many
      of them at risk from suxamethonium sensitivity. It is recommended that if short
      acting muscle relaxants are intended to be used during the delivery of such
      patients, a careful investigation of cholinesterase status should be undertaken
      beforehand.

PMID- 6424392
TI  - Comparative study of etomidate-alfentanil anesthesia with N2O/O2 or with air/O2.
AB  - Systolic, diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, glycaemia, blood gases and
      clinical status were studied preinduction, 10' after anesthesia induction and
      intubation, 3', 30', 60' and 90' after surgical incision, when awake on the
      operating table and 60' after awakening in 20 hysterectomy patients. Etomidate
      (0.3 mg/kg + continuous infusion), alfentanil (75 micrograms/kg + increments of
      15 micrograms/kg) anesthesia was used with a N2O/O2 mixture (10 pt) or with
      air/O2 (10 pt), both at a FIO2 = 0.33. This technique gave a smooth induction and
      recovery. Cardiovascular changes were moderate. The additional dose of alfentanil
      was 5.25 +/- 0.65 mg in the N2O/O2 group and 6.45 +/- 0.85 mg in the air/O2
      group. The incidence of vomiting was 15%. Statistical analysis of both groups
      indicated no major difference between the two types of anesthesia, for the
      cardiovascular, acid base data and glycaemia. This technique is a simple and
      effective way of anesthetising patients, but from a clinical point of view the
      etomidate/alfentanil anesthesia combined with N2O/O2 gives better results than
      when combined with air/O2.

PMID- 6424393
TI  - Total intravenous anesthesia with etomidate, alfentanil and droperidol.
AB  - Forty-six women admitted for gynecologic surgery, were given alfentanil 1 mg,
      droperidol 2.5 mg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg body weight intravenously for
      induction. Anesthesia was maintained using etomidate infused at a rate of 0.1
      mg/kg/min for 5 minutes and at 0.01 mg/kg/min afterwards. Analgesia was achieved
      with a bolus injection of alfentanil prior to surgery, supplemented with
      additional injections of alfentanil as needed. Controlled ventilation was done
      with a mixture of air/oxygen. Anesthesia was uneventful in all but two patients.
      Blood pressure and heart rate remained stable during the entire operative period.
      Recovery from anesthesia was smooth, although the combination with etomidate and
      droperidol appears to prolong the recovery time.

PMID- 6424394
TI  - Value of lithium plasma concentration in severe lithium intoxication.
AB  - Lithium intoxication is a frequent condition with sometimes severe symptoms.
      Despite repeated plasma measurements, it is not always possible to prevent
      serious side effects because they can occur at therapeutic plasma levels. Several
      aspects of the lithium metabolism are reviewed and illustrated by two case
      reports.

PMID- 6424395
TI  - Monodose versus 3 daily doses of sodium valproate: a controlled trial.
AB  - 12 patients with absence epilepsy were treated with alternatively 1 or 3 daily
      doses of sodium valproate (VPA) in a double-blind cross-over design. Seizure
      frequency, EEG paroxysmal activity, clinical side-effects and laboratory findings
      were assessed for both treatment periods. There was no statistically significant
      difference between the 2 dosage schedules, and the simplicity of monodose
      treatment is an important factor in good patient compliance. The apparent
      discrepancy between plasma half-life and biological action of VPA is discussed.

PMID- 6424396
TI  - Absence seizures: valproate or ethosuximide?
AB  - A series of 47 children with absence seizures was analysed retrospectively.
      Fourteen of these children also had other types of seizures, and four had
      repeated episodes of absence status. The age at onset of absence seizures ranged
      from 1 1/2 to 13 years (mean, 7.9 years). The mean follow-up was 5.5 years.
      Ethosuximide (ESM) was used as the drug of first choice in 43 children, and
      valproate (VPA) was used first in 4 children; 15 of the patients later received
      VPA alone or in combination with ESM. A 100% reduction in seizure frequency was
      achieved in 38 children (80.8%). Of these, 23 has received ESM (21 ESM; 2 ESM +
      nitrazepam) and 15 had received VPA (6 VPA; 9 VPA + ESM). Of the latter group, 11
      children had had an unsuccessful trial of ESM. VPA was superior in the treatment
      of children who had EEG polyspikes or absence status. A seizure reduction of 50%
      to 75% was achieved in 7 children (14.9%). Two patients (4.3%) had refractory
      seizures. A transient Stevens-Johnson syndrome occurred in a patient treated with
      ESM. Other side effects were mild and transient. Both ESM and VPA are needed in
      the treatment of absence seizures. In refractory cases, the combination of these
      drugs appears to be beneficial.

PMID- 6424397
TI  - Side effects of phenobarbital and phenytoin during long-term treatment of
      epilepsy.
AB  - Phenobarbital and phenytoin have good antiepileptic effect, but clinically
      significant untoward effects occur during their long-term use. Phenobarbital may
      cause hyperactivity, behavioral problems, sedation, and even dementia; these
      effects are dose related to some extent. Side effects of phenytoin include
      sedation, a cerebellar syndrome, phenytoin encephalopathy, psychosis, locomotor
      dysfunction, hyperkinesia, megaloblastic anemia, decreased serum folate level,
      decreased bone mineral content, liver disease, IgA deficiency, gingival
      hyperplasia, and a lupus-like hypersensitivity syndrome. Especially susceptible
      to the neurotoxic effects of phenytoin are epileptic children with severe brain
      damage who are on multiple drugs. In those children, balance disturbance may
      develop and be followed by gradual loss of locomotion. Among 131 mentally
      retarded epileptic patients, phenytoin intoxication occurred in 73 (56%), of whom
      18 experienced persistent loss of locomotion. There is experimental evidence that
      the toxic action of phenytoin lies at the cellular level, predominantly in the
      cerebellum. Many experts avoid the long-term use of phenytoin because of its
      insidious and potentially dangerous side effects.

PMID- 6424398
TI  - Side effects of carbamazepine, valproate and clonazepam during long-term
      treatment of epilepsy.
AB  - Side effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), valproate (VPA) and clonazepam (CZP) are
      rare during long-term use but rather common and usually transient during the
      early phases of treatment. The usual side effects of CBZ are drowsiness,
      dizziness, and diplopia, which are dose dependent in long-term use, but CBZ does
      not seem to cause cognitive disturbances, as do phenobarbital and phenytoin.
      Other reactions to CBZ may include leukopenia, hyponatremia, disturbances of
      vitamin D metabolism and fortunately rarely, agranulocytosis and hepatitis. Use
      of VPA can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, weight gain, hair loss, tremor
      and sedation, but these side effects are rather uncommon, mild, and transient
      during VPA monotherapy. Potentially hazardous reactions such as hepatitis and
      pancreatitis have occurred in a few patients on VPA, generally with multidrug
      therapy. Some of the side effects are dose related. They infrequently lead to
      withdrawal of VPA. Side effects limited to initiation of CZP therapy include
      drowsiness, ataxia, and behavioral changes; they are usually transient but can
      lead to dose reduction or even withdrawal of the drug. Except for development of
      tolerance, CZP seems to be practically free of long-term side effects.

PMID- 6424399
TI  - Hepatic toxicity of antiepileptic drugs: a review.
AB  - Hepatic toxicity of antiepileptic drugs has been well recognized for many years.
      Despite the increasing awareness of chronic toxicity of antiepileptic drugs, this
      aspect has remained of limited importance. Since the introduction of valproate,
      this situation has changed fundamentally. Following a general introduction to the
      classification and symptomatology of drug-induced hepatic toxicity, a detailed
      description of hepatic toxicity caused by phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate
      is presented, including classification, symptomatology and histological features.
      Hepatic toxicity caused by all three drugs may be classified as idiosyncratic
      reactions. However, whereas toxic reactions following phenytoin and carbamazepine
      are characterised by a rather short duration of exposure before symptoms occur
      with accompanying clinical features of hypersensitivity, valproate-induced
      hepatic toxicity exhibits no signs of hypersensitivity and often occurs following
      prolonged exposure, speaking in favor of a metabolic aberration as the underlying
      cause. Hypotheses explaining the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are
      reviewed. Guidelines for averting valproate-induced hepatic toxicity are
      presented.

PMID- 6424400
TI  - Breast-feeding and its promotion.

PMID- 6424401
TI  - Levels of organochlorine contaminants in human milk in relation to the dietary
      habits of the mothers.
AB  - The levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, alpha- and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
      (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH), hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
      were determined in milk fat from mothers with different dietary habits. The
      categories studied comprised mothers eating a lacto-vegetarian diet (18 milk
      samples), a mixed diet (20 milk samples) and a mixed diet which regularly
      included fatty fish from the Baltic (11 milk samples). The lowest levels of p,p'
      DDT+p,p'-DDE and PCBs were found in milk from lacto-vegetarians and the highest
      levels in milk from mothers who regularly consumed fatty fish from the Baltic.
      Factors other than the diets which could influence the levels of the
      organochlorine compounds are discussed, e.g. mother's age, amount of milk
      produced and mother's weight loss.

PMID- 6424402
TI  - The utility of cross-sectional measurements of weight and length for age in
      screening for growth failure (chronic malnutrition) and clinically severe protein
      energy malnutrition.
AB  - The accuracy of identifying children with growth failure and/or clinically severe
      protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) from a single measure of length or weight for
      age from birth to 36 months was determined. Growth data were treated cross
      sectionally and compared with National Center for Health Statistics growth
      standards in order to determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive
      predictive value of a single cross-sectional measure of weight-for-age or length
      for-age in identifying children diagnosed via longitudinal records. Under 6
      months of age, neither weight nor length for age was an adequate predictor of
      growth failure or clinical malnutrition; from 12 to 36 months, screening measures
      based on anthropometry were much improved. It was concluded that a single measure
      of weight or length for age taken close to the first birthday could identify up
      to 78% of the future second and third year cases of clinically severe PEM.
      Implications and limitations are discussed.

PMID- 6424403
TI  - Aplastic anemia during ethosuximide medication. Treatment with bolus
      methylprednisolone.
AB  - A girl, born in 1975, developed severe aplastic anemia in November 1982 while on
      ethosuximide monotherapy for petit mal epilepsy, about 3 months after starting
      the ethosuximide medication. She was treated with bolus-methylprednisolone as
      described by Bacigalupo et al. (13), transfusions and antibiotics. During the
      third week on this regimen slight improvements in granulocyte and reticulocyte
      counts were demonstrated, and after approximately 6 weeks she was in stable
      condition without further need of transfusions. Blood status should be checked
      regularly during ethosuximide therapy, particularly during the first 6 months.

PMID- 6424404
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and capsular types of Haemophilus influenzae
      recovered from clinical specimens in northern Norway.
AB  - One hundred and nine strains of Haemophilus influenzae recovered from clinical
      specimens were examined for antibiotic sensitivity pattern and capsular types.
      All strains from blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid and a joint aspirate were
      type b whereas most of the isolates were acapsular when recovered from other
      specimens viz. wound secretions (67%), maxillary sinus (75%), lower resp tract
      (86%), nasal cavity (90%). Out of the 109 strains 88 (81%) were non-typable, and
      3.6% were beta-lactamase-producing, two of which were type e, one was type b and
      one was acapsular. Three beta-lactamase-producing strains were isolated from
      specimens from the respiratory tract and one from blood cultures. Beta-lactamase
      producing strains including one chloramphenicol-resistant strain harboured
      similar plasmids, as judged by agarose gel electrophoresis. The strains showed
      quite a uniform sensitivity to antibacterial agents with the exception of
      sulphonamides to which the capsular strains, particularly type b strains, were
      less susceptible.

PMID- 6424405
TI  - Normal bactericidal capacity against Neisseria meningitidis in serum from a
      patient with a hemolytically inactive complement factor 8 (C8).
AB  - The bactericidal capacity of serum against Neisseria meningitidis from a 27-year
      old male with two episodes of meningococcal meningitis and C8 deficiency was
      compared to that of normal human serum (NHS) without demonstrable antibodies
      against Neisseria. The in vitro bactericidal capacity of the patient serum was
      found to be equal to that of NHS. Incubation of both sera at 56 degrees C for 30
      minutes abolished the bactericidal effect. Rocket-immunoelectrophoresis analysis
      of molecules immunochemically identifiable as C8 revealed no consumption of these
      molecules in any of the sera in the bactericidal assay. No hemolytic complement
      activity was found in the patient serum, whereas the donor serum had normal total
      hemolytic complement activity with significant consumption of C8.

PMID- 6424406
TI  - Surface characteristics of group A streptococci with and without M-protein.
AB  - Twenty M protein-positive and eight M protein-negative strains of group A
      streptococci were investigated with respect to surface hydrophobicity and amount
      of lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Surface hydrophobicity as determined in polymer two
      phase systems varied substantially between individual strains and there was no
      correlation to the presence of antiphagocytic M protein. The amount of LTA on the
      surface of the bacteria varied with hydrophobic affinity of the cells. Strains
      with a high content of surface LTA were found among both M-positive and M
      negative streptococci. Cellular and extracellular LTA was estimated on six
      strains by the ability of hot phenol extracts and culture fluids to sensitize
      erythrocytes and by rocket immunoelectrophoretic quantitation. Differences in
      content of surface LTA did not correlate to differences in the total amount of
      cellular LTA. Pepsin digestion of M-positive group A streptococci at suboptimal
      pH resulted in a loss of M antigen whereas surface LTA and the hydrophobic
      interaction liability was retained. The results indicate that the degree of
      surface hydrophobicity as measured by two-phase partitioning is not correlated to
      either the type-specific or the antiphagocytic moiety of M protein. The results
      support the correlation between surface LTA and surface hydrophobicity of group A
      streptococci.

PMID- 6424407
TI  - Variation of endopeptidase activities in cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have been assayed for endopeptidase activities in
      cultures of recently isolated variants, as well as in cultures from two-months
      old variants derived from the same strains. Using chromogenic peptides,
      information was gained on both extracellular and cell-bound endopeptidases.
      Production of extracellular endopeptidases detected in the recent isolates tended
      to decrease or was abolished in the two-months-old sub-cultures. Their pattern of
      activities also showed some distinct differences between the strains. By means of
      caseinate precipitation, the production of extracellular endopeptidases was found
      to present important variations, both according to the strain, and according to
      the duration of the incubation time. The cell-bound endopeptidases were found to
      be relatively stable features, independent of the time passed since isolation.
      Their pattern of activities was also rather similar among the strains.

PMID- 6424408
TI  - Antigenic similarities both inside and outside the carbohydrate-binding sites of
      two-chain and one-chain leguminous lectins.
AB  - Antibodies were made against the two-chain lectin Lath-O from the seeds of
      Lathyrus odoratus as well as its isolated light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chains.
      These antibodies were used to antigenically compare the Lath-O with other two
      chain lectins like Lath-S, lentil and Vicia cracca glc specific and with one
      chain lectins like Con A, PHA, peanut and soybean. Sensitive ELISA tests showed
      that there was a distinct antigenic cross-reaction between the one-chain and two
      chain lectins both by using antibodies against Lath-O whole molecules and its
      isolated beta-chains, while the anti-Lath-O alpha-chain antibodies barely reacted
      at all even with Lath-O alpha-chains. The antibodies against Lath-O whole
      molecules also strongly inhibited the mitogenic responses induced by two-chain
      lectins. Antibodies reacting inside the carbohydrate-binding site of the lectins
      were isolated by eluting them with glucose from lectin-Sepharose columns and
      antibodies reacting outside the carbohydrate-binding site were subsequently
      eluted with guanidine or buffer with low pH. The two antibody fractions were
      separately used to antigenically compare one-chain and two-chain lectins,
      demonstrating that both kinds of antibodies showed cross-reaction between one
      chain and two-chain lectins. Both the antibodies presumably reacting inside the
      carbohydrate-binding site of the lectins and those reacting outside the
      carbohydrate-binding site inhibited haemagglutination activity of two-chain
      lectins, while haemagglutination by one-chain lectins was unaffected. The
      carbohydrate-binding site specificity of the glucose-eluted antibodies was
      assessed by glucose-inhibition in ELISA tests. Furthermore, galactose neither
      inhibited in these tests nor eluted antibodies from lectin-Sepharose columns.
      Control experiments were also performed with normal rabbit IgG.

PMID- 6424409
TI  - [Possible mechanisms of the interaction between gonadotropins and prolactin in an
      experimental hyperprolactinemia model].
AB  - The effects of grafting one extra pituitary gland beneath the kidney capsule of
      prepubertal male and female rats on plasma levels and pituitary content of
      gonadotropins and prolactin (PRL) in the adult age were studied. Further
      treatments with dopamine agonistic or antagonistic drugs have been performed in
      grafted and sham operated controls. PRL and gonadotropin values were measured by
      specific RIA methods using materials provided by NIAMDD. Plasma prolactin levels
      showed increased values 48 hr after the grafting, and maintained this elevation
      throughout the whole studied period. These high PRL levels in grafted rats
      resulted in a significant decrease of plasma LH values over the whole studied
      period compared with sham operated controls. Surprisingly an elevation of plasma
      FSH levels was detected in grafted animals, being the increase only significant
      in the first 3 months after the grafting. No differences could be detected from
      control values beyond this period. Female rats showed a constant diestrous
      anovulatory syndrome. Both male and female grafted rats showed diminished plasma
      LH and FSH responses to the i.p. LHRH administration. After EB administration
      control female rats showed a pulsatile response of plasma prolactin, FSH and LH
      with higher levels found in the afternoon. This pulsatility was abolished for
      PRL, diminished for LH and exaggerated for FSH in grafted animals. Male grafted
      rats presented a delay in the EB response pattern compared to control rats.
      Lisuride treatment (DA agonist) eight months after the grafting resulted in a
      significant reduction to plasma PRL levels. Acutely Lisuride administration
      restored LH response to LHRH together with a significant increase in the number
      of estrus in female rats. Chronic administration of the drug resulted in
      decreased plasma LH values not only in controls but also in grafted animals,
      together with an impaired response to LHRH and a significant increase in the
      number of diestrus in control and experimental rats. On the other hand, both
      acute or chronic Metoclopramide administration (DA antagonist drug) significantly
      increased plasma prolactin levels in control and grafted rats. This increase was
      accompanied by an elevation in the number of estrus in grafted female rats
      together with a restored LH response to LHRH higher to those observed in control
      female rats. These data suggest that prolactin influence on gonadotropin
      secretion and fertility could be mediated by a modification on dopamine
      secretion.

PMID- 6424410
TI  - Serotonin levels in rat median eminence change during the estrous cycle.

PMID- 6424411
TI  - Ability to judge lung volumes at different CO2-drives for ventilation and the
      possible influence of such a judgment on the ventilatory CO2-responsiveness.
AB  - Possible influences of changes in the CO2-respiratory drive on the ability to
      judge lung volumes and the possible effects of such judgments on the ventilatory
      CO2-responsiveness were studied in healthy subjects. The psychophysical
      relationships between objective and subjective magnitudes of lung volumes were
      determined at normocapnia, at three different levels of hypercapnia (breathing 1
      3% CO2 in air) and at hypocapnia (after volitional hyperventilation). The
      relationships, expressed by a power function with the mean exponent 1.5 (SD +/-
      0.3), were analyzed with respect to slope, intercept and correlation coefficient
      of the regression lines. None of these parameters was affected by variations in
      end-tidal PCO2 or by the concomitant changes in ventilation. In the 'attentive'
      pre-judgment breathing (APJB) the ventilatory response to CO2 was lower than
      during non-attentive breathing in three or four subjects. It is speculated that
      in these subjects the CO2-responsiveness was depressed by the increased attention
      during APJB. The question whether volitional hyperventilation gave rise to any
      specific post-hyperventilatory breathing pattern was analyzed. The results showed
      that the majority of post-hyperventilatory breathing pattern was apnoeic or
      hypopnoeic in character.

PMID- 6424412
TI  - The uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in endothelial cells cultured from the
      pulmonary artery in rats. A cytochemical study.
AB  - Endothelial cells from the rat pulmonary artery were cultured and identified
      ultrastructurally and immunocytochemically by the presence of factor VIII
      antigens. Monolayers of cultured cells were treated according to the Hillarp
      Falck technique and studied cytofluorimetrically to estimate intracellular
      serotonin (5-HT) levels. An uptake of 5-HT from the incubation medium was
      demonstrated at a concentration of 10(-3) M. However, after inhibition of
      monoamine oxidase (nalamide 5 X 10(-4) M) to prevent intracellular degradation of
      the amine an uptake could be demonstrated at 10(-5) M. The amine uptake into
      endothelial cells utilizes an active pumpmechanism, since it was effectively
      antagonized by either imipramine (10(-4) M) or ouabain (10(-5) M). These in vitro
      findings contrast earlier cytofluorimetric in vivo studies, where 5-HT uptake
      predominantly occurred in interstitial mast cells.

PMID- 6424413
TI  - The acyl-amino-alkyl benzoic acid residue and the sulfonylurea containing residue
      of glibenclamide affect different aspects of beta-cell function.
AB  - HB 699 is a non-sulfonylurea acyl-amino-alkyl benzoic acid derivative,
      corresponding to a major part of the glibenclamide molecule. Basal insulin
      release (3 mmol/l glucose) as well as glucose-induced release (10 mmol/l glucose)
      were stimulated by 25 mumol/l and 200 mumol/l HB 699. HB 699 (200 mumol/l) had no
      effect on the osmotic swelling induced by hypoosmolarity (180 mosm/l). The
      results indicate that the glibenclamide-induced insulin release can be resolved
      in a "high-affinity" component, which correlates with increased osmotic
      resistance in the beta-cells and a "low-affinity" component not associated with
      increased osmotic resistance. It is suggested that the latter component may be
      due to the part of the glibenclamide molecule that corresponds to HB 699.

PMID- 6424414
TI  - [Bacteriological evaluation of the environment of open pharmacies. V. Degree and
      type of microbial contamination of prescription drugs prepared in open
      pharmacies].

PMID- 6424415
TI  - Therapy for chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - As is apparent from the foregoing, there is only one etiologic variant of CAH for
      which specific therapy is available, namely, that associated with Wilson's
      disease. However, Wilson's disease is responsible for only a minute portion of
      the total cases of CAH. Drug-induced CAH also seems highly responsive to
      appropriate management--in this instance, removal of an offending agent rather
      than administration of a therapeutic drug. However, as stated, it too is an
      infrequent contributor to the CAH pool. Among the remaining forms of CAH, a
      reasonably consistent response to treatment can be expected only from patients
      with autoimmune CAH. This entity is a serious disorder with unequivocally high
      morbidity and mortality and thus clearly warrants treatment. Despite the
      considerable side effects that invariably result from the long-term use of
      corticosteroids--the only available, although nonspecific, form of treatment-
      corticosteroid use is justified and indeed recommended. Current evidence, derived
      from the Mayo Clinic data, suggests that the best therapeutic approach is to use
      both corticosteroids and azathioprine, a combination that offers the highest
      therapeutic index with the lowest rate of side effects. Using this regimen,
      complete remission is reported to result in 65% of cases within 2-3 years,
      although a considerable proportion of these individuals relapse and require
      retreatment. Much publicity has surrounded the Mayo Clinic and Royal Free
      Hospital treatment trials; however, it is probable that autoimmune CAH represents
      far less than 20% of all cases, and that severe disease requiring corticosteroid
      therapy comprises but a minor fraction of these. Thus, the bulk of cases of CAH
      in the United States occur in patients with either established or inferred viral
      related disease, the group for which clearly effective therapy is not yet
      available. Most of these persons are asymptomatic, their disease having been
      detected through routine screening programs or at the time of evaluation of other
      disorders. Much interest is evoked, at present, by the new experimental forms of
      treatment, but none has proved to be consistently effective, and for some,
      toxicity is high. All appear to reduce levels of replicating virus, but none
      clearly affects HBsAg or disease activity. Research in this area continues, with
      highest expectations of success for the use of combination therapy.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6424416
TI  - The treatment of severely uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Patients with severely uncontrolled diabetes mellitus must be cared for by
      physicians and nurses who understand the pathophysiology of ketoacidosis and
      nonketotic hyperglycemia, who carefully seek and treat precipitating or
      underlying illnesses, and who can provide the patients with continuous clinical
      attention and laboratory monitoring. Most patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
      survive the acute metabolic disorder; the infrequent deaths are usually due to
      serious underlying illnesses. The latter are more common in patients with
      nonketotic hyperglycemia, who are usually older than those with ketoacidosis and
      who usually also have serious underlying chronic diseases. The essential features
      of treatment for either of the foregoing acute metabolic disorders are
      administration of insulin (especially gingerly in the older patients with
      nonketotic hyperglycemia, despite their commonly remarkable hyperglycemia);
      rehydration with NaCl solutions; and IV administration of K+, usually not until
      after a few hours of treatment with insulin and NaCl solutions. Administration of
      NaHCO3 is usually not necessary except in patients with a blood pH less than 7.1.
      Administration of phosphate has been recommended as part of the treatment for
      ketoacidosis, but its need is uncertain. Although patients with nonketotic
      hyperglycemia are often more severely dehydrated and hyperglycemic than those
      with ketoacidosis, they usually should be given smaller amounts of insulin, NaCl
      solutions, and K+, and less rapidly.

PMID- 6424417
TI  - Advances in pediatric pharmacology and toxicology.

PMID- 6424418
TI  - Acid-base disorders and the kidney.
AB  - In the normal human body, the extracellular fluid pH of 7.40 is closely
      protected. Any increase in acidity or alkalinity summons forth three lines of
      defense, starting immediately with the blood buffers, followed soon by the
      respiratory system's control of CO2, and finally purged by the renal excretion of
      the excess acid or base. The complex interrelated processes of the renal
      responses require a few days to accomplish maximum compensation. We have
      presented the fundamental principles governing maintenance of the acid-base
      equilibrium to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the clinical
      disorders of hydrogen ion metabolism. The somewhat elusive concepts of endogenous
      acid production and net acid balance have also been reviewed to help reveal the
      pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis caused by renal tubular acidosis, chronic
      renal failure, certain infant feedings, and total parenteral nutrition. The
      development and perpetuation of metabolic alkalosis in relationship to chloride
      and potassium deficiency have been examined. In the delineation of a clinical
      acid-base disorder, the clinician must bear in mind the continual interactions of
      electrolytes and hormonal systems and should be prepared to reevaluate frequently
      the elected therapy against the changing responses, based on a thorough
      understanding of physiology. The various types of renal tubular acidosis have
      manifold facets but the basic understanding of their pathophysiology begins with
      the concept of the "anion gap," a point of reference that can be used in the
      differential diagnosis and treatment. In this chapter a number of new causes of
      type IV renal tubular acidosis--currently considered to be the most common form
      of renal tubular acidosis--have been pointed out, along with special reference to
      the mineral, electrolyte, and aldosterone metabolism in the various acidoses and
      current means of reversing growth failure in the child, especially through
      bicarbonate treatment. The mechanism of metabolic acidosis in chronic renal
      failure including metabolic acidosis in children undergoing dialysis and in
      recipients of kidney transplantation, and its relationships to mineral and
      electrolyte metabolism have been presented. The pathophysiology of the acidosis
      related to certain infant formulas and the acidogenic properties of some amino
      acid solutions employed in total parenteral nutrition have been briefly reviewed.
      Finally, the metabolic alkalosis seen in a variety of chloride deficiency
      syndromes, such as Bartter's syndrome and dietary chloride deprivation, has been
      discussed and a rational approach to evaluation and treatment outlined.

PMID- 6424419
TI  - Pathogenic mechanisms of protracted diarrhea.

PMID- 6424420
TI  - Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (persistent fetal circulation
      syndrome).
AB  - This 15-year-old disease has been clearly described anatomically. Some
      understanding of possible in utero predisposing conditions has emerged from
      clinical and animal studies. However, we have very little understanding of the
      cellular processes that trigger and/or prolong the abnormal medial smooth muscle
      hypertrophy underlying the condition. Empiric observation has resulted in the
      development of hyperventilation as a fairly successful treatment modality,
      although the underlying mechanism of this salubrious effect is unknown. Drugs, a
      major focus of clinical and laboratory investigations, sometimes are marginally
      successful (and sometimes are utter failures). Translated into the neonatal
      intensive care unit, the disease is more frequently accurately diagnosed than in
      the past, but it remains frustratingly difficult to manage, and thus far is
      impossible to prevent. The research foundations laid in the past decade provide
      impetus for accelerated search into the fundamental cellular and biochemical
      derangements that cause persistent pulmonary hypertension. It is to be hoped that
      the next decade will yield major advances in both mechanistic understanding and
      in treatment.

PMID- 6424421
TI  - Inhibition of rat mast cell degranulation by verapamil.
AB  - Calcium antagonists, e.g. verapamil, prevent exercise-induced asthma. This
      protective effect may proceed from inhibition of contraction of bronchial smooth
      muscle, release of mediators by primary effector cells, e.g. mast cells, or both.
      Therefore, we studied the inhibitory effect of increasing concentrations of
      verapamil on both in vitro antigen-induced degranulation and ionophore A23187
      induced release of labelled serotonin by rat peritoneal mast cells. There was a
      dose-dependent inhibition by verapamil of both ovalbumin-induced degranulation of
      mast cells passively sensitized by incubation with mice IgE-rich serum and
      ionophore-induced release of tritiated serotonin by mast cells previously
      incubated with (3H)-5HT; the 50% inhibiting concentration was 1.4 X 10(-4) mol I
      1 and 5.2 X 10(-5) mol I-1, respectively. An attractive explanation of our
      results is that verapamil inhibits the antigen-induced release of mediators by
      mast cells through its calcium antagonist effect. Our results also suggest that
      the preventing effect of calcium antagonists on asthma may be multi-factorial
      since other authors have clearly shown that these drugs inhibit contraction of
      guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro.

PMID- 6424422
TI  - Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Guinea-pig lymph node lymphocytes were stimulated with mitogen
      (phytohaemagglutinin) in vitro and lymphocyte activation was measured by
      tritiated thymidine incorporation (DNA synthesis). Inclusion of non-steroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the culture medium at therapeutic
      concentrations, frequently exerted an inhibitory effect. Such inhibition could
      not be attributed to the ability of these drugs to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase or
      lipoxygenase enzymes. Inhibition by salicylates was not associated with cytotoxic
      or cytopathic effects, since inhibition was only evident when the drugs were
      included in the early phase of culture. Other NSAIDs exhibited varying degrees of
      toxicity, which in some instances may account for observed inhibition. The
      effects on lymphocyte activation of selective inhibitors of pathways of
      arachidonic acid metabolism, do not support the proposition that the generation
      of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes or related compounds is an
      obligatory step during lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6424423
TI  - Effect of particle size of dried mycobacteria on adjuvant induced arthritis in
      the rat.
AB  - Freund's complete adjuvant prepared by grinding dried, heat killed Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis with liquid paraffin was investigated for particle size-weight
      distribution. Variations in the grinding times and preparative procedure had a
      marked effect on the arthritogenic action of the adjuvant in the rat. A
      satisfactory response in the injected foot was found only when the particle size
      was less than 19 microns and a secondary response in the non-injected foot
      required particles less than 10 microns in diameter.

PMID- 6424424
TI  - Effects of D-penicillamine on a model of oxygen-derived free radical mediated
      tissue damage.
AB  - In vitro studies indicate that D-penicillamine can affect the depolymerization of
      hyaluronate in aqueous media (induced primarily by the hydroxyl radical) in
      several ways. These include: Protecting the hyaluronate by quenching oxygen
      derived free radicals (ODFR). Hydrated cupric ions alone and copper(II)
      penicillamine complexes were equipotent in quenching ODFR but more potent than D
      penicillamine alone. Initiating hyaluronate degradation by (a) directly reducing
      inert Fe(III) to reactive Fe(II) (which may autoxidize to produce hydroxyl
      radicals), a property shared with other thiols, and (b) forming reactive iron
      complexes that catalyse the formation of hydroxyl radicals from superoxide and
      hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 6424425
TI  - Prostacyclin increases filterability of normal and rigidified human red blood
      cells in vitro.
AB  - Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is a critical determinant of capillary flow.
      In a previous study we found decreased deformability (filterability) of red cells
      of patients with clinical symptoms of peripheral ischaemia associated with
      systemic sclerosis and prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion had beneficial effect on both
      the clinical symptoms and red cell filterability. The present study was therefore
      designed to investigate the effect of PGI2 on RBC deformability in vitro, by
      measuring the filterability of RBCs suspended in saline. The results demonstrate
      that PGI2 increases filterability of normal RBCs and significantly improves the
      impaired deformability of cells due to storage or calcium influx.

PMID- 6424426
TI  - Interaction of endosulfan and dietary vitamin A on rat hepatic drug metabolising
      enzymes.
AB  - The effect of interaction of Endosulfan, a chlorinated insecticide of the
      cyclodiene group, with dietary vitamin A on the hepatic mixed function oxidase
      system in rats has been studied. Endosulfan administration (ten days)
      significantly increased microsomal protein content and cytochrome P-450 levels,
      NADPH cytochrome C-reductase aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase
      activities, with respect to control rats. Administration of vitamin A (10,000
      I.U./100 g body weight) daily for ten days reduced the activity of the above
      mentioned enzymes, when vitamin A and endosulfan were given together, vitamin A
      reduced the endosulfan induced increase of microsomal proteins and cytochrome P
      450 levels, the activity of NADPH cytochrome C-reductase, aminopyrine N
      demethylase and aniline-hydroxylase.

PMID- 6424427
TI  - Influence of polyunsaturated and saturated fats on plasma lipids and lipoproteins
      in man.
AB  - The effects of varying polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fat ratios on the plasma
      levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoprotein A-I were assessed in six
      normal healthy subjects (three males, three females) with a particular focus on
      the P/S ratio which would offer optimal concentrations of both low-(LDL) and high
      density lipoproteins (HDL). The isocaloric experimental diets contained 40% of
      calories as carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 20% protein; dietary cholesterol was 400
      mg/day. The P/S ratio for the diets was 0.4, 1.0, or 2.0. Each diet was
      sequentially consumed for periods of 2 wk each. At the end of each 2-wk study
      period, plasma lipid, apolipoprotein A-I, and LDL and HDL cholesterol
      concentrations were determined; HDL were fractionated by zonal
      ultracentrifugation and lipid and protein composition determined. Compared to the
      P/S = 0.4 diet, mean plasma total cholesterol fell by approximately 6 and 12% on
      the P/S = 1.0 or P/S = 2.0 diets, respectively; plasma concentrations of LDL
      cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I were also decreased on the
      polyunsaturated fat diets. The mean +/- SEM concentration (mg/dl) of HDL
      cholesterol was 49.0 +/- 5.2 (P/S = 0.4), 44.0 +/- 3.8, (P/S = 1.0) and 41.0 +/-
      3.7 (P/S = 2.0). As a result of a reduction in both LDL- and HDL-cholesterol on
      the polyunsaturate-rich diets, the ratios of HDL-cholesterol to plasma total
      cholesterol and HDL- to LDL-cholesterol were not significantly changed on the
      three diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424428
TI  - Plasma fatty acids of marrow transplant recipients on fat-supplemented parenteral
      nutrition.
AB  - The study was conducted to determine the adequacy of fat infusion in preventing
      essential fatty acid deficiency during parenteral feeding. Eight adult patients
      receiving marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia were studied.
      Total daily intravenous and oral calorie and fat intakes were monitored.
      Insignificant amounts of food were consumed orally during the 30-day study
      period. Parenteral nutrition, initiated pretransplant, included 250 ml of 10% fat
      infusion daily. Plasma total fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid
      chromatography at specified intervals to detect biochemical essential fatty acid
      deficiency. The results showed a rapid and significant decline of linoleic acid,
      18:2 omega 6, as percentage of total fatty acids. The arachidonic acid, 20:4
      omega 6, was not significantly altered. The abnormal fatty acid, eicosatrienoic
      acid, 20:3 omega 9, was found in trace amounts in five patients. None of the
      patients developed a 20:3 omega 9/20:4 omega 6 ratio of 0.2 or more. The level of
      fat infused prevented biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency, but the plasma
      fatty acid profile was significantly different from normal levels.

PMID- 6424429
TI  - Ameliorating effects of carnitine and its precursors on alcohol-induced fatty
      liver.
AB  - The lipid-lowering effect of carnitine and its precursors, namely lysine plus
      methionine, was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed ethanol as 36% of the
      total calories. Ethanol caused typical hepatic steatosis characterized by
      significant accumulation of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterols,
      phospholipids, and free fatty acids. Supplementation of the ethanol diet with 1%
      DL-carnitine, 0.5% L-lysine, and 0.2% L-methionine significantly lowered ethanol
      induced increases of various lipid fractions, with the exception of free fatty
      acids. The lipid-lowering effect of carnitine was superior to that of its
      precursors and their effect together was no greater than that of carnitine alone.
      The triglyceride contents of liver and plasma were related inversely to the
      levels of carnitine and acyl carnitines. It is concluded that dietary carnitine
      more effectively than its precursors prevented alcohol-induced hyperlipemia and
      accumulation of fat in livers. Thus, a deficiency of functional carnitine may
      indeed exist in chronic alcoholic cases.

PMID- 6424430
TI  - The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme
      activity.
AB  - Twenty-one subjects were recruited for a study designed to investigate the effect
      of oral supplements of Lactobacillus acidophilus on fecal bacterial enzyme
      activity. Three bacterial enzymes were assayed: beta-glucuronidase,
      nitroreductase, and azoreductase. These fecal enzymes can catalyze procarcinogens
      conversion to a proximal carcinogen. The sequence of feeding studies and fecal
      enzyme assays was the same for all subjects: 4 wk of a control period; 4 wk of
      plain milk feeding; 4 wk of control, without any dietary supplements; 4 wk of
      milk containing 2 X 10(6) per ml viable L acidophilus; and 4 wk of control,
      without any supplements. The concentration of viable lactobacilli simulates that
      found in acidophilus supplemented milk. Reductions of 2- to 4-fold in the
      activities of the three fecal enzymes were observed only during the period of
      lactobacilli feeding. These changes were noted in all subjects and were highly
      significant (p less than 0.02 to 0.001). During the final control period, after
      lactobacilli feeding, fecal enzyme levels returned to normal after 4 wk.

PMID- 6424431
TI  - Diet and follicular development.
AB  - In Caucasian women, the length of the menstrual cycle is 28 days with a SD of 3.9
      days. Many factors including diet modify menstrual periodicity. We have
      determined the effect of a meatless vegetarian diet in Caucasian women on the
      length of the menstrual cycle and the episodic and luteinizing releasing hormone
      stimulated release of luteinizing hormone. The effect of a Western diet on the
      menstrual cycle in urban Black South African women was also studied. In Caucasian
      women, the vegetarian diet decreased (p less than or equal to 0.01) the pituitary
      response to luteinizing releasing hormone and decreased (p less than or equal to
      0.05) the episodic release of luteinizing hormone. A Western diet increased (p
      less than or equal to 0.01) the duration of the follicular phase in Black South
      African women. Thus diet is a factor modifying the episodic release of
      gonadotrophins and follicular maturation.

PMID- 6424432
TI  - Utilizing selenious acid to reverse selenium deficiency in total parenteral
      nutrition patients.
AB  - The ability of selenious acid to reverse selenium deficiency in eight adult home
      TPN patients was assessed. Initially, deficiency was documented by comparing both
      plasma selenium levels in patients (means = 0.035 micrograms/g) to those of 10
      controls (means = 0.117 micrograms/g) (p less than 0.001) and by comparing
      erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity, as mumol NADPH oxidized/g
      Hb/min, in patients (means = 8.93) to controls (means = 31.76) (p less than
      0.002). Subsequently, patients added 100 micrograms/day of selenious acid to
      their total parenteral nutrition solutions. Postsupplementation selenium status
      demonstrated a mean plasma level of 0.101 micrograms/g and a mean erythrocyte
      GSHPx activity of 17.56. Statistically, patients' plasma selenium levels were
      significantly different (p less than 0.001) when compared to pretreatment levels.
      Additionally, there was no significant difference between the restored levels and
      the levels of the controls. Postsupplementation erythrocyte GSHPx activity (means
      = 17.56) was not significantly different from the initial patient values,
      although activity did double. Additionally, there existed a significant
      difference between the postsupplementation enzyme activity and the controls (p
      less than 0.03). We conclude that selenious acid is able to normalize deficient
      plasma levels but not deficient erythrocyte GSHPx activity.

PMID- 6424433
TI  - Aminophylline reduces cerebral blood flow velocity in low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow decreases substantially in the adult after a single bolus
      injection of aminophylline. To determine if the cerebral circulation of the low
      birth-weight infant behaves in a similar manner, we measured cerebral blood flow
      velocity (CBFV) in the anterior cerebral arteries of nine infants treated with an
      intravenous bolus dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight of aminophylline. A reduction in
      CBFV of 21% and 17% was observed at 60 and 120 minutes following the
      aminophylline administration. There was a concurrent substantial reduction in
      PCO2 from 45 +/- 7 to 39 +/- 7 mm Hg before and 120 minutes after the
      aminophylline administration, respectively. The reduction in CBFV may be the
      result of a reduction in PCO2 resulting from aminophylline treatment.

PMID- 6424434
TI  - Biochemical and morphological investigations of the toxicity of a Capmul
      preparation and a bile salt-EDTA solution in patients with bile duct stones.
AB  - Seventeen patients with bile duct calculi were treated alternately with a
      preparation of glycerol octanoate and a bile salt-EDTA solution via a nasobiliary
      tube. Of 14 patients (group I), it was necessary to operate on four immediately
      after irrigation therapy, success resulted from this conservative therapy in
      eight (57%) cases and two were unchanged. Laboratory investigations showed a
      decrease in zinc and copper concentrations in the serum. Of the patients 50-60%
      suffered from vomiting and diarrhea. For three patients (group II), there was an
      interval of 6-26 days between the end of the therapy and operation. Histological
      findings in the patients in group I and II subjected to operation included acute
      ulcerative and chronic inflammation in gallbladder and common bile duct walls.
      Since the alterations were of minor degree in four of the seven patients who
      subsequently underwent surgery the risk of irrigation therapy seems to be
      acceptable.

PMID- 6424435
TI  - Immunologic responsiveness and safety associated with the Coccidioides immitis
      spherule vaccine in volunteers of white, black, and Filipino ancestry.
AB  - A trial of the killed Coccidioides immitis spherule vaccine was undertaken with
      151 healthy skin test negative adult volunteers and controls to evaluate the
      safety of selected regimens, the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immune
      responses, and to determine if there were immunogenetic differences in these
      responses. The vaccine was given as three intra-deltoid doses over 8 weeks. No
      severe systemic symptoms were noted, although 3% of 3.5 mg doses (but no 1.75 mg
      doses) were associated with severe local reactions. Half the vaccinees had skin
      test conversions, which generally persisted greater than or equal to 6 months,
      two-thirds showed boosting of lymphocyte transformation in vitro, and 16% given
      three 3.5 mg doses developed antibody. There was an association between degree of
      local adverse vaccine reaction and immunostimulation, and a trend to immune
      response in persons of O blood type and with some HLA phenotypes. There was no
      evidence of deficient response to vaccination in subpopulations known to respond
      to coccidioidal infection poorly. A regimen of three 1.75 mg doses appears to be
      safe and without reduced immunogenicity, and there is no evidence dosage
      modification for certain subpopulations would be necessary in efficacy studies.

PMID- 6424436
TI  - Changes in coagulation parameters with exercise in patients with classic
      hemophilia.
AB  - Vigorous exercise is known to increase VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag levels transiently in
      normal individuals. Although exercise programs are frequently advocated in the
      management of hemophilia, the effects of exercise on coagulation parameters in
      these patients have not been well studied. Eleven hemophiliacs were exercised on
      a bicycle ergometer to maximum voluntary effort as evidenced by an increase in
      pulse, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
      levels. The effects of this exercise on coagulation parameters, including
      functional and antigenic components of the factor VIII molecule, were determined.
      The entire group demonstrated a decrease in mean prothrombin time (11.7 to 11.2
      sec). Four mild hemophiliacs demonstrated an increase in mean VIII:C (14.5% to
      17.3%), and VIII:CAg (12% to 17.8%). Changes in VIII:C and VIII:CAg were not
      noted in the seven severe hemophiliacs. Both severe and mild patients
      demonstrated significant changes in fibrinogen, factor II, and factor VII after
      exercise. This study indicates that submaximal exercise modifies coagulation
      parameters in patients with hemophilia.

PMID- 6424437
TI  - Factor VIII: structure and function in blood clotting.
AB  - Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) is the protein that is deficient or defective
      in patients with classical hemophilia and Von Willebrand syndrome. Factor VIII in
      plasma is thought to be associated in a complex with the highest molecular weight
      multimers of another glycoprotein, Von Willebrand protein. Highly purified human
      factor VIII appears to have an Mr of between 200,000 and 300,000 and to consist
      of several polypeptide chains. The concentration of factor VIII in plasma is
      around 100-200 ng/ml, equivalent to around 1 nM. The purified proteins retain one
      or more of the known properties of factor VIII, including the acceleration of
      factor IXa-mediated activation of factor X, ability to be activated by thrombin
      and factor Xa, inactivation by activated protein C, and by human antibodies to
      factor VIII. Among the known clotting factors, factors VIII and V are exceptional
      in not possessing enzymatic activity. Factors IXa and VIII and X appear to form a
      functional complex, all of which need to be present and active simultaneously for
      optimal activation of factor X. The mechanism by which factor VIII promotes
      activation of factor X by factor IXa is not known, but the major effect is to
      increase the rate of the reaction. Following treatment of factor VIII with
      thrombin, a new and smaller polypeptide Mr around 70,000 +/- 5,000 is produced.
      Factors IXa and Xa also have been reported to activate factor VIII. It is not
      known whether limited proteolytic cleavage is required absolutely for the
      expression of factor VIII activity or if it only increases an activity already
      expressed by the uncleaved protein. Factor VIII is inactivated by thrombin and by
      activated protein C. Thus, factor VIII can be modulated by at least four of the
      serine proteases in the clotting system. A major goal for future research is to
      increase our understanding of the role in blood clotting played by factor VIII,
      and to apply this information to clinical problems which result from inherited
      abnormalities of factor VIII.

PMID- 6424438
TI  - The molecular basis for the two different clinical presentations of classical
      pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.
AB  - Eight cases of isolated human pyruvate carboxylase deficiency were examined from
      seven families. Although all patients presented with a chronic lacticacidemia,
      two particular patients presented with the added features of hyperammonemia,
      citrullinemia, and hyperlysinemia. When cultured skin fibroblasts from these
      patients were examined for their ability to synthesize [3H]biotin-containing
      proteins, it was found that the two patients who presented with hyperammonemia,
      citrullinemia, and hyperlysinemia did not synthesise a protein of the correct
      subunit molecular weight (Mr = 125 K daltons) corresponding to pyruvate
      carboxylase. In addition, when skin fibroblast proteins were labeled with
      [35S]methionine, cross-reacting material (CRM) corresponding to pyruvate
      carboxylase was immunoprecipitated by antipyruvate carboxylase antiserum in most
      patients, but again the two patients with the atypical presentation showed no
      CRM. We propose that the different clinical presentation of human pyruvate
      carboxylase deficiency is a manifestation of two different mutations in the
      pyruvate carboxylase gene, one that results in the synthesis of a relatively
      inactive pyruvate carboxylase protein CRM(+ve) and one that results in the lack
      of expression of the gene in the form of a recognizable protein CRM(-ve).

PMID- 6424439
TI  - Gene-dosage effect on intestinal lactase activity demonstrated in vivo.
AB  - The activities of the disaccharidases lactase, maltase, and sucrase were
      determined in upper jejunal biopsies of 65 healthy adult German males. The study
      was an attempt to demonstrate the gene-dosage effect on lactase activity expected
      from the presence of a "hypolactasia" (l) and a "lactase-persistence" (L) allele
      in the German population. In contrast to lactase/sucrase ratios, lactose/maltose
      ratios showed a trimodal distribution in proportions of presumed genotypes LL,
      Ll, and ll compatible with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of
      homozygotes ll (13.8%) was similar to the average frequency of lactose
      malabsorbers in Germany reported in the literature. The importance of considering
      the lactase gene-dosage effect in population studies of lactase activity is
      discussed.

PMID- 6424440
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of glipizide.
AB  - The clinical pharmacology of glipizide and other sulfonylureas is briefly
      reviewed. Reevaluation of the University Group Diabetes Program data suggests
      that sulfonylureas do not increase cardiovascular mortality. Instead, a long-term
      study of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance indicates that sulfonylureas
      reduce the frequency of cardiovascular morbidity and can postpone or even prevent
      the development of impaired glucose tolerance to manifest diabetes. It is likely
      that all sulfonylureas have the same principal mechanism(s) of action but that
      they differ in potency and pharmacokinetics, resulting in considerable clinical
      differences. Thus, glipizide and glibenclamide (glyburide) are much more potent
      than tolbutamide and chlorpropamide. Glipizide has the most rapid absorption and
      onset of action, as well as the shortest half-life and effect-duration; hence the
      risk of long-lasting hypoglycemia is minute. Glipizide has complete
      bioavailability, and its blood glucose-lowering effect is improved when it is
      given before breakfast. Glipizide may be administered once daily without loss of
      therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 6424441
TI  - New concepts about the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - New concepts about the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus are
      presented. Emphasis is given to alterations of endothelial function, as indicated
      by von Willebrand factor activity, prostacyclin release, and fibrinolytic
      activity in diabetes mellitus. Previous work on platelet aggregation and
      arachidonic acid metabolism is updated and recent findings are emphasized. The
      atherogenic mix of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is
      noted. The lipid hypothesis is extended by consideration of very low-density
      lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes.
      Lipoprotein-cell interactions that may contribute to atherosclerosis are reviewed
      and suggestions are made for future research in order to clarify the pathogenesis
      of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6424442
TI  - Phase I study of intravenous gamma globulin in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Seventeen patients with multiple myeloma were given intravenous immunoglobulin at
      doses ranging from 150 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg in a phase I study. The intravenous
      immunoglobulin was well tolerated with only three transient episodes of mild
      clinical toxicity during 27 infusions. In no instance was hepatic or renal
      toxicity seen. Marked biologic variability over the one month study period in
      total IgG levels in patients with non-IgG myeloma and IgG subclasses in many of
      the patients was observed, making intravenous immunoglobulin half-life
      determinations based on IgG or IgG subclass levels problematical. The decay of
      functional antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was determined. Analysis of
      the hepatitis antibody data suggested that intravenous immunoglobulin half-life
      was in the range of seven to 20 days for the entire study group and was not
      related to the isotype of the myeloma paraprotein or to the baseline levels of
      IgG. No infections were observed in the study group during the study period, but
      the potential for infection prophylaxis by intravenous immunoglobulin in myeloma
      patients must be evaluated in a randomized, prospective, controlled phase III
      study.

PMID- 6424443
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin in neonatal group B streptococcal disease.
      Pharmacokinetic and safety studies in monkeys and humans.
AB  - Numerous studies have suggested that opsonic antibody is important in neonatal
      immunity to group B streptococci. Immunoglobulin G is primarily transferred from
      the mother to the fetus across the placenta in the last few weeks of pregnancy.
      Premature babies may, therefore, not acquire sufficient opsonic antibody to
      protect them from infection with group B streptococci. Although maternal
      immunization may provide adequate maternal opsonic antibody, premature infants
      with antibody deficiency may remain susceptible to infection. Intravenous
      immunoglobulin administered to term pregnant rhesus monkeys did not provide
      reliable levels of serum opsonic activity to group B streptococci in their
      offspring. Pharmacokinetic and safety studies were also performed in human
      neonates. Significant elevations in group B streptococcal-specific IgG did occur
      in human neonates given 500 mg/kg intravenous immunoglobulin and the infusions
      appeared safe and well tolerated. The availability of intravenous immunoglobulin
      with functional activity against group B streptococci may provide a rapid and
      effective method of delivering opsonic antibody to neonates.

PMID- 6424444
TI  - Comparative anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of chemically modified and
      native immunoglobulin G (human), and potentiation of antibiotic protection
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and group B Streptococcus in vivo.
AB  - Immunoglobulin G intravenous is prepared by controlled reduction and alkylation
      of approximately four interheavy chain disulfide bonds per molecule. To determine
      if the protective activity of antibody modified by this process is diminished,
      mice were treated with identical doses of reduced and alkylated IgG and native
      IgG prepared from the same plasma pool. Three hours later mice were given a 10
      percent body surface burn followed by challenge with the seven Fisher-Devlin
      Gnabasik immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Against five of the seven
      immunotypes, the 50 percent protective doses were approximately 100 mg or less
      per kg body weight. Overall there was no significant difference in protection
      afforded to the mice by the two immunoglobulin preparations indicating that in
      vivo the activity of IgG against P. aeruginosa remains unimpaired by reduction
      and alkylation. In the second part of this study, immunoglobulin G intravenous
      significantly enhanced the activity of tobramycin and carbenicillin in the
      treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in burned mice and of penicillin G in the
      treatment of group B Streptococcus 1C infection in normal mice.

PMID- 6424445
TI  - Experimental studies of the pathogenesis of infections due to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin.
AB  - Intravenous immune globulin was used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected,
      burned mice. Protection was dose-related and large amounts of intravenous immune
      globulin administered early in the infection process were necessary for full
      protection. Intravenous immune globulin is processed differently in unburned,
      burned, and burned, infected mice with significantly lower plasma levels in the
      burned, infected animals 36 hours after a standard dose is given. At 30 hours
      post-treatment, bacterial counts in the skin and liver tissue of untreated,
      burned, infected mice are significantly higher than in mice given a protective
      dose of intravenous immune globulin. Adsorption of intravenous immune globulin
      with heat-killed cells reduces its protective effects; adsorption with formalin
      killed cells reduces its protective effects even more.

PMID- 6424446
TI  - Protective activity of an intravenous immune globulin (human) enriched in
      antibody against lipopolysaccharide antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Human plasmas containing naturally high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to
      lipopolysaccharide antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotypes 1, 2, 4, and 6
      were identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The high titered plasmas
      were collected, pooled, and fractionated. Cohn fraction II IgG was prepared for
      intravenous infusion. The antibody titers in the hyperimmune intravenous
      immunoglobulin preparation were approximately fivefold higher against P.
      aeruginosa immunotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 and approximately twofold higher against
      immunotypes 3 and 7 than conventional intravenous immunoglobulin G. When tested
      for prophylaxis in burned mice, the protective doses 50 percent of Pseudomonas
      intravenous immunoglobulin G were approximately fourfold less effective against
      immunotypes 1, 2, 4, and 7 and International Antigenic Typing System Serotypes
      (IATS), 8 (= immunotype 6) than conventional intravenous immunoglobulin G.
      Against immunotype 3 and 5, IATS 13, 15, and 16, both immunoglobulin preparations
      afforded similar levels of protection. In burned mice challenged with immunotypes
      1 and 2 and not treated until 18 hours after infection, Pseudomonas-intravenous
      immunoglobulin G and tobramycin had synergistic activity in preventing death.
      Pseudomonas-intravenous immunoglobulin G also afforded significant protection to
      immunosuppressed mice challenged with immunotype 1. These data suggest that
      Pseudomonas-intravenous immunoglobulin G may be useful in prevention or treatment
      of P. aeruginosa infections in man.

PMID- 6424447
TI  - Replacement therapy with modified immunoglobulin G in burn patients: preliminary
      kinetic studies.
AB  - Suppression of serum immunoglobulin G for periods ranging from days to weeks
      following thermal injury may enhance the risk of infection in burn patients. In
      an initial trial, we attempted to determine whether intravenous pulses of
      Immunoglobulin G (IgG) will establish and maintain normal serum IgG
      concentrations in this interval. The levels of endogeneous serum IgG in eight
      control patients, mean total burn size 45 percent body surface area (no IgG
      infusions), were measured by radial immunodiffusion on various postburn days.
      Commercially available reduced alkylated IgG (5 percent Gamimune, Cutter
      Biological, Berkeley, California) was infused in doses of 500 mg/kg twice per
      week in four patients (total burn size 32 percent) and once per week in five
      patients (total burn size 47 percent), beginning during the first postburn week.
      Circulating IgG was measured prior to each infusion and at three postinfusion
      times: (1) 15 minutes (peak), (2) one day, and (3) either day 3, 4, or 6. Surgery
      or blood transfusions prior to one of these time points invalidated kinetic
      analysis of some infusions. Exponential two-point decay constants for total serum
      IgG after each of 24 infusions were calculated separately for early (day 0-1) and
      later (day 1-3 or 1-4) postinfusion intervals and assessed by stepwise regression
      analysis to determine sources of variation in decay. Early decay was seen to be
      faster with larger burn size after accounting for variation of decay with
      preinfusion and peak IgG values. Later decay was not related to burn size.
      Maltose, a constituent of the IgG preparation, was detectable in serum for only
      four to eight hours after each infusion and may have contributed to a 20 percent
      increase in total serum glucose between four and eight hours postinfusion. Mean
      serum IgG in patients given infusions twice weekly was in the normal range after
      one infusion, about a week earlier than in untreated patients. Such infusions
      maintained normal IgG levels.

PMID- 6424448
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin administration in the treatment of severe chronic
      immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Human immunoglobulin was administered intravenously to nine adult patients having
      severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia purpura. The response in three patients
      was an increase in the platelet count to greater than 50,000/mm3, a
      hemostatically adequate level. Response was associated with a pretreatment
      platelet-associated immunoglobulin level of more than 5,000 molecules per
      platelet, and successful treatment resulted in a decrease in that level. In those
      patients with pretreatment platelet-associated immunoglobulin levels less than
      5,000 molecules per platelet, there was neither a significant decrease in that
      level nor an increase in their platelet count. Immunoglobulin infusion may prove
      useful for selected patients with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6424449
TI  - Intravenous gamma globulin in the treatment of chronic idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura in adults.
AB  - Eight adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura have been
      treated with an intravenous gamma globulin preparation. All patients received at
      least one "induction" course of intravenous gamma globulin for five consecutive
      days at a dose of 400 mg/kg per day. There were a total of 12 induction
      treatments. In five instances, patients also received single "maintenance"
      infusions of intravenous gamma globulin at the same dose. The mean peak increment
      in platelet count (X 10(3)/microliters) after induction was 87.3 +/- 42.37; after
      maintenance therapy it was 62.2 +/- 12.99. In only one instance was the platelet
      count increment less than 50 X 10(3)/microliters. In 13 of 17 intravenous gamma
      globulin treatments (both induction and maintenance), the platelet count returned
      to baseline or near-baseline levels within one to two weeks. In four instances,
      more prolonged remissions were observed. Measurements of platelet-associated IgG
      demonstrated the following: when platelet-associated IgG was greater than 100
      ng/10(6) platelets, platelet-associated IgG usually decreased markedly after
      intravenous gamma globulin therapy. When platelet-associated IgG was less than 20
      ng/10(6) platelets, platelet-associated IgG usually increased with therapy. There
      was no correlation between starting platelet-associated IgG levels or changes in
      platelet-associated IgG levels with therapy and the increment in the patient's
      platelet count.

PMID- 6424450
TI  - Complement interaction with immune serum globulin and immune globulin
      intravenous.
AB  - Three complement assays, C1q binding activity, C3 activation in normal human
      serum, and enhancement of alternative pathway activity, have been used to
      evaluate the in vitro anticomplementary activity of untreated and heat-aggregated
      (63 degrees C, 10 minutes) immune serum globulin and immune globulin intravenous
      prepared by partial reduction and alkylation. Unheated immune globulin
      intravenous marginally activated endogenous C3 in normal serum, had a fivefold
      lower affinity for 125I C1q but was very similar to immune serum globulin in
      enhancing complement alternative pathway activity. Heat-aggregated immune
      globulin intravenous was about twofold less effective than heat-aggregated immune
      serum globulin in the activation of C3 in normal serum and had approximately a
      threefold lower affinity for 125I C1q. The ability of immune globulin intravenous
      to retain specific complement receptor activity suggests that it would also
      retain in vivo efficacy in complement-mediated amplification of host defense
      reactions but that it is safe for intravenous use due to a lower capacity to
      initiate nonspecific complement activation.

PMID- 6424451
TI  - Intravenous gamma globulin treatment for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura in children.
AB  - Six children, five to 16 years of age, with the chronic, autoimmune form of
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were given intravenous gamma globulin
      (Gamimune, Cutter Biological, Berkeley, California) in a dose of 400 mg/kg per
      day for five consecutive days as six-hour infusions. Two of the six children had
      undergone splenectomy but the other four had not. Three of six children had a
      good or excellent response to the first five-day course of intravenous gamma
      globulin. The peak platelet count occurred within 12 days of the start of therapy
      in all. All three have required booster doses of intravenous gamma globulin to
      maintain platelet counts at a safe level. All children had marked increases in
      serum IgG following intravenous gamma globulin, except one who had undergone
      splenectomy and who had chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with high
      baseline levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The significance of the observed
      increase in platelet-associated IgG during treatment is not clear. No untoward
      reactions necessitating cessation of therapy were encountered during this study.
      Our short-term observations in six children with chronic idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura indicate that high-dose intravenous gamma globulin is an
      effective form of treatment for certain children with this condition.

PMID- 6424452
TI  - Improved response of patients refractory to random-donor platelet transfusions by
      intravenous gamma globulin.
AB  - Because of frequent unavailability of HLA-compatible platelets or their
      inefficiency in increasing platelet counts in patients requiring platelet
      transfusions, platelet refractoriness remains a major problem. Since human gamma
      globulin has been shown to interfere with the binding of platelet-reactive
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) to platelets in vitro, and since gamma globulin has proved
      effective in reversing destruction of platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura, we decided to investigate intravenous gamma globulin as an adjunct to
      random-donor platelet transfusions. We studied three patients, one with acute T
      cell leukemia, and two with aplastic anemia. When a total dose of 2 g/kg of body
      weight of intravenous gamma globulin was infused over five to six days in these
      patients, two of them showed a remarkable increment in platelet counts and
      improved hemostasis with random-donor platelet transfusions. We conclude that
      intravenous gamma globulin may be used in critical situations to improve the
      response of patients refractory to random-donor platelet transfusions.

PMID- 6424453
TI  - High-dose intravenous gamma globulin to suppress alloimmune destruction of donor
      platelets.
AB  - We report the use of high-dose intravenous gamma globulin to overcome
      refractoriness to platelet transfusion in an alloimmunized patient with acute
      leukemia and thrombocytopenia. For two years the patient suffered recurrent
      gastrointestinal bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation and was given
      multiple transfusions, providing a basis for his allosensitization. Platelet
      counts had not increased following transfusions of random-donor or HLA-matched
      platelets. With intravenous gamma globulin, one hour after the transfusion of 9
      to 15 units of platelets, the count increased by 30,000 to 90,000 and the half
      life of transfused platelets increased to three to four hours from an estimated
      0.05 hours prior to therapy. Intravenous gamma globulin arrested massive
      gastrointestinal bleeding and allowed the patient to undergo surgical resection
      of the small bowel with minimal operative blood loss.

PMID- 6424454
TI  - Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Five patients with clinical stage III and IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia were
      treated with a five-day infusion of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for
      either autoimmune hemolytic anemia or immune thrombocytopenic purpura or by a
      dose of intravenous immunoglobulin G every three to four weeks for prevention and
      control of infections associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. The hematocrit level
      stabilized with a decrease in red blood cell destruction by intravenous
      immunoglobulin G in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with AIHA without
      altering red blood cell autoantibody titers, but severe hemolysis recurred after
      21 days. A long-term remission was observed when intravenous immunoglobulin G was
      combined with steroids, chemotherapy, plasmapheresis, and splenectomy. The
      platelet count increased and platelet transfusion requirement was eliminated in a
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura by the
      intravenous immunoglobulin G, and chemotherapy was administered and a complete
      remission resulted. An interesting observation was the lymphocytopenic effects
      observed in the five patients during a daily infusion of intravenous
      immunoglobulin for five days. Furthermore, the maintenance intravenous
      immunoglobulin G given every three weeks controlled both infections and
      lymphocyte counts with the chemotherapy. Changing the schedule to every four
      weeks resulted in poor control of the lymphocyte counts with chemotherapy. These
      observations indicate a direct macrophage blocking effect in autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, but the lymphocytopenic effect
      suggests immunomodulating effects of intravenous immunoglobulin G, which may
      alter the response of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to chemotherapy.

PMID- 6424455
TI  - A preparation of modified immune serum globulin (human) suitable for intravenous
      administration. Further characterization and comparison with pepsin-treated
      intravenous gamma globulin.
AB  - Numerous methods have been used in previous attempts to prepare a human gamma
      globulin solution suitable for intravenous administration. These include
      fractionation schemes, enzyme digestion, manipulations of pH, and various
      combinations of these methods. The selective reduction and alkylation process
      that we have developed for Gamimune causes a controlled and reproducible
      modification of a limited number of disulfide bonds in the hinge region of IgG,
      resulting in a functional antibody molecule of undiminished molecular weight and
      possessing complement-binding properties suitable for intravenous administration.
      Subtle changes in molecular structure or properties that may be caused by trace
      enzyme hydrolysis or extremes of pH and temperature are avoided. The biochemical
      characterization of immune globulin intravenous (Gamimune) is described herein,
      and the attributes of this chemically modified IgG are compared with some of the
      other intravenous gamma globulin preparations.

PMID- 6424456
TI  - Antibody levels in reduced/alkylated intravenous immune globulin.
AB  - Antibody titers, found in representative lots of a reduced and alkylated
      intravenous immune globulin, against a variety of common microorganisms are
      presented. With the more frequently occurring pathogens the specific antibody
      level does not vary significantly between lots. Depending upon the type of assay
      used, antibody titers per se may or may not reflect the therapeutic activity of
      the preparation against a specific microorganism.

PMID- 6424457
TI  - Intravenous immune globulin therapy in hypogammaglobulinemia. A review.
AB  - An immune globulin preparation specifically modified for intravenous
      administration has been employed therapeutically in 30 patients with primary
      immunodeficiency disease. Our results of this long-term study are summarized
      within three major categories: (1) Levels of serum IgG produced and maintained
      after intravenously administered serum immune globulin infusions of 100 to 500
      mg/kilo. The disappearance pattern of infused IgG is outlined and individual
      patient variations emphasized. (2) The therapeutic effects of intravenously
      administered serum immune globulin therapy are reported and related to dosages of
      intravenously administered serum immune globulin administered and serum levels of
      IgG maintained. (3) The incidence and nature of detrimental side effects are
      outlined, and methods to reduce this problem are indicated. It is recommended
      that patients with primary immunodeficiency be given from 150 to 200 mg/kilo
      intravenously administered serum immune globulin, every four weeks, as
      prophylactic therapy to reduce acute infectious complications. A method to
      establish an optimum therapy for a specific patient is presented.

PMID- 6424458
TI  - Comparative opsonic activity of intravenous gamma globulin preparations for
      common bacterial pathogens.
AB  - Immune globulin intravenous is a reduced and alkylated preparation of gamma
      globulin that is stabilized in 10 percent maltose and 0.1 M glycine at pH 6.8.
      Recently, a modified immune globulin intravenous preparation was developed that
      is identical to the standard preparation except that it does not contain glycine
      and the pH has been lowered to 5.25. The effect of these modifications has
      resulted in a higher IgG monomer content in the preparation. In the present
      studies the opsonic activity against several common bacterial pathogens was
      assessed in the standard (pH 6.8) versus the more acidic immune globulin
      intravenous (pH 5.25). Opsonic activity was detected in each preparation for
      Staphylococcus aureus, group B streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia
      coli, and Serratia marcescens. With all of the organisms except S. marcescens, an
      intact complement system was required for optimal uptake and killing with each
      preparation. In general, the opsonic activity of the pH 5.25 immune globulin
      intravenous was equivalent to the standard pH 6.8 preparation. With several
      organisms, however, the more acidic preparation had greater activity than the
      standard one. An immune globulin intravenous preparation with increased antibody
      titers to P. aeruginosa was also prepared from selected donors and tested for
      opsonic activity against six of the seven Pseudomonas immunotypes. This
      preparation was found to have strikingly increased opsonic titers for most of the
      Pseudomonas immunotypes when compared with the standard immune globulin
      intravenous. These studies indicate that changes in donor selection or minor
      modifications in production techniques may markedly affect the biologic activity
      of intravenous gamma globulin.

PMID- 6424459
TI  - Prolonged interval high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with primary
      immunodeficiency states.
AB  - Intravenous immunoglobulin can be a very effective form of treatment for patients
      with primary immunodeficiency states. Recommendations for intravenous dosing
      previously have been empirically derived. In order to determine the potential
      prolongation of intervals between infusions following the administration of 500
      mg/kg of intravenous immunoglobulin, 11 patients were studied. This high-dose
      therapy was well tolerated and resulted in a modest prolongation of therapeutic
      IgG levels when compared with lower-dose 150 mg/kg regimens. Significant
      variability among individual patients was observed. Implications of this high
      dose therapy are discussed.

PMID- 6424460
TI  - Use of intravenous immune globulin in pregnant women with common variable
      hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - Two patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia were treated with immune
      serum globulin during pregnancy. An intravenous immune serum globulin preparation
      was used in the last trimester of pregnancy. Both patients tolerated this
      preparation well and had an uneventful pregnancy. The two term newborns were
      healthy and had cord blood IgG levels likely to be the result of transplacental
      transfer of the intravenous immune serum globulin preparation. During pregnancy
      there is an increase in the IgG distribution space due to plasma volume
      expansion. Therefore, pregnancy is an indication for these immune serum globulin
      preparations that can be administered at high doses intravenously in order to
      confer adequate protection to the mother and the newborn.

PMID- 6424461
TI  - Comparison of high-dose and low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in
      patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases.
AB  - To assess safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in
      patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes we treated a group of 19
      patients with a monthly dose of 400 mg/kg of reduced and alkylated, maltose
      containing immunoglobulin (Gamimune, Cutter Biological, Berkeley, California) and
      compared their responses with a group of 16 patients receiving 100 mg/kg per
      month intravenously. Side effects observed were mild to moderately severe and
      similar in both groups. In one adult patient receiving the high dose a severe
      enough reaction developed during the first infusion to exclude her from the
      study. Serum IgG levels of patients receiving high-dose immunoglobulin showed a
      stepwise increase in both trough and peak values until a new plateau was reached
      after four to six infusions. None of the patients receiving the low dose showed
      such a stepwise increase. On average, serum IgG levels rose by approximately 250
      mg/dl for each 100 mg/kg immunoglobulin infused. The mean catabolic rate of the
      infused IgG was estimated to be 26 days in patients receiving high-dose
      immunoglobulin infusions. We demonstrated that 400 mg/kg immunoglobulin given
      intravenously every four weeks to patients with immunodeficiency results in a
      substantial increase in serum IgG during the postinfusion period, suggesting
      persistence of specific antibody throughout the interval between infusions.

PMID- 6424462
TI  - Efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous immune globulin therapy for antibody
      deficiency syndromes.
AB  - Ten patients with antibody deficiency syndromes were admitted to a treatment
      protocol in which the dose of intravenous immune serum globulin was increased
      from 100 mg/kg to a maximum of 250 mg/kg each four weeks. The dose increases were
      determined by recurrence of infection during treatment and by IgG trough levels
      of less than 400 mg/dl. Infectious episodes during intravenous immune serum
      globulin treatment responded well to 10 to 20 day long periods of antibiotic
      treatment, and prolonged infection-free periods were achieved in all patients.
      Only one hospital admission was necessary during the entire study period. The
      increase in intravenous immune serum globulin dose to 200 mg/kg did not
      significantly reduce the recurrence of infections. Infections also occurred in
      patients whose IgG trough levels were persistently above 400 mg/dl. High doses of
      intravenous immune serum globulin were well tolerated, and all patients are still
      receiving intravenous immune serum globulin treatment. A generalized pruritic
      rash was observed in two patients. In no patient have clinical or laboratory
      signs of deficiency in cell-mediated immunity developed.

PMID- 6424463
TI  - Synergy between acylureidopenicillins and immunoglobulin G in experimental
      animals.
AB  - The interaction of a commercially available 7S modified immunoserumglobulin and
      beta-lactam antibiotics was studied in animal experiments (granuloma pouch model)
      as well as an ex vivo system (rat polyvinyl sponge model). Infections of the
      pouches were caused by gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci, respectively.
      Therapy of pouches being infected with beta-lactamase-producing strains with beta
      lactam antibiotics and immunoserumglobulin was as effective as beta-lactam
      antibiotic monotherapy of beta-lactamase-negative strains. This synergistic
      effect between immunoserumglobulin and beta-lactam antibiotics against beta
      lactamase-producing bacteria is due to inactivation of enzymic beta-lactamase
      activity by specific antibodies against beta-lactamases. Immune phagocytosis was
      studied by adopting the in vivo and ex vivo models, respectively. Immune
      phagocytosis was most effectively stimulated by immunoserumglobulin whereas a
      pepsin-degraded product or a preparation obtained by pH4 treatment caused only
      minor effects. Furthermore, immunoserumglobulin stimulated phagocytosis and
      intracellular killing of gram-negative bacteria even in the absence of specific
      antibodies against these strains. Analogous effects were obtained with spermidine
      and albumin. These results indicate that immunoserumglobulin may stimulate
      phagocytosis nonspecifically, too. Thus, immunoserumglobulin may play a dual role
      in host defense mechanisms; in addition immunoserumglobulin acts as a beta
      lactamase inhibitor, thus protecting beta-lactam antibiotics from hydrolysis.

PMID- 6424464
TI  - Prophylaxis of infection in patients with aplastic anemia receiving allogeneic
      marrow transplants.
AB  - One hundred one patients with severe aplastic anemia underwent allogeneic marrow
      transplantation and received one of three forms of infection prophylaxis: oral
      nonabsorbable antibiotics and isolation and decontamination in a laminar airflow
      room (36 patients); prophylactic granulocyte transfusions from a single family
      member donor (33 patients); or conventional treatment in single rooms with hand
      washing and mask precautions (31 patients). During the period of
      granulocytopenia, patients in the laminar airflow rooms acquired fewer infections
      than either of the other groups, but this difference was statistically
      significant only when compared with the group receiving conventional treatment.
      Patients in the laminar airflow rooms had significantly fewer infections after
      engraftment as compared with the other two groups. Incidence of interstitial
      pneumonia and graft rejection was not different among the three groups. Acute
      graft-versus-host disease occurred later (Day 47) in the group in the laminar
      airflow rooms as compared with the group receiving prophylactic granulocyte
      transfusions (Day 23) or the group receiving conventional treatment (Day 20). The
      incidence of grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease was less in the
      patients in the laminar airflow rooms but only reached borderline significance (p
      = 0.08) when compared with the conventionally treated patients. The survival at
      Day 100 was 92 percent for the group in the laminar airflow rooms, 79 percent for
      the group receiving prophylactic granulocyte transfusions, and 64 percent for the
      group receiving conventional treatment.

PMID- 6424465
TI  - Ectopic secretion of a growth hormone-releasing factor. Report of a case of
      acromegaly with bronchial carcinoid tumor.
AB  - Rarely, acromegaly is produced by neuroendocrine neoplasms elaborating a
      substance similar to or identical with growth hormone-releasing factor. This
      report reviews the cases described to date and presents the clinicopathologic
      features of a patient with acromegaly, mild sellar enlargement, and elevated
      growth hormone levels associated with a large bronchial carcinoid tumor.
      Normalization of serum growth hormone levels and regression of acromegaly
      followed resection of the bronchial tumor, which was shown, by bioassay and
      immunocytochemistry, to contain a growth hormone-releasing factor.

PMID- 6424466
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II).
      Immunoprophylaxis and serotherapy of bacterial infections.
AB  - Immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections
      date back to the antecedent century. Recent interest and controversy has centered
      about the efficacy of gram-negative bacillary vaccines, antiserum against
      endotoxin, and pneumococcal vaccines. Immunization of cancer patients with
      Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide vaccines has yielded inconsistent results. Factors
      limiting the further application of this approach are the poor immune responses
      in neutropenic patients and the marked pyrogenicity and pain associated with
      vaccine administration. Similarly, patients being treated for neoplasms of the
      hematopoietic system are not likely to show good antibody responses to
      pneumococcal antigens, even though they are not toxic. Pneumococcal immunization
      appears to be effective, at least as measured in terms of antibody titers, in
      those patients with lymphoma who have not undergone splenectomy and are not
      receiving chemotherapy at the time of immunization. The most reliable approach
      towards immunoprophylaxis may be the passive one, with antibody being produced in
      normal donors. The antibodies are short-lived, and this type of prophylaxis still
      needs to be evaluated in controlled trials. In a recently completed controlled
      therapeutic trial, the therapeutic application of an antiserum against core
      endotoxin antigens resulted in a significant reduction in deaths and increased
      recovery from shock complicating gram-negative sepsis. However, antiserum failed
      to protect cancer patients or neutropenic subjects.

PMID- 6424467
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II). Current
      status of prophylaxis of infection with protected environments.
AB  - Protected environments and prophylactic antibiotics have been evaluated as a
      method for reducing the risk of infection in patients undergoing cancer
      chemotherapy. Initial studies were conducted in patients with acute leukemia, and
      most of them demonstrated that patients in the protected environment/prophylactic
      antibiotic program had fewer infections and infectious deaths than control
      patients. In two studies, remission rates were significantly higher for the group
      in the protected environment/prophylactic antibiotic program. Subsequently,
      studies were conducted in patients with lymphoma, sarcoma, and breast carcinoma.
      The protected environment/prophylactic antibiotic program reduced the risk of
      infection and permitted the administration of higher doses of chemotherapy.
      However, the more intensive chemotherapy only minimally improved response rates
      or durations of response. Further studies should be directed toward identifying
      those patients most likely to benefit from this prophylactic program.

PMID- 6424468
TI  - Symposium on infectious complications of neoplastic disease (Part II). Protected
      environments are discomforting and expensive and do not offer meaningful
      protection.
AB  - An environment that is germ free and a patient who is germ free have been goals
      in managing immunocompromised patients, especially those who are neutropenic.
      Such a germ-free environment, inside and out, can be achieved in laboratory
      animals after considerable manipulation, including delivery by cesarean section.
      This is rarely indicated or achieved in humans, but investigators have tried to
      decrease the numbers of organisms on the outside of patients (both environmental
      and on the skin) and to do the same with the inside--or at least to selectively
      decrease the organisms most likely to invade from mucous membranes and the
      gastrointestinal tract. Most studies of protected environments have included
      patients who receive prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics, prophylactic
      systemic antibiotics, or oral absorbable antibiotics (selective decontamination).
      Another variable that needs to be considered is the use of sterile food--included
      in some studies, not used in others, and not mentioned in still others. No
      studies have used the only appropriate control, which is the same laminar airflow
      room, but with the airflow turned off and without gowns, masks, or gloves, only
      assiduous hand-washing. The same staff should care for the control patients as
      well as those in protected environments. In addition, control patients in some
      studies have been clearly different in the severity of the underlying disease
      from patients placed in protected environments. Even without these proper
      controls, differences in infection rates have varied considerably among the
      studies both inside and outside the protected environment and efficacy has also
      varied considerably; however, the one constant in almost every controlled study
      is that life has not been prolonged, remission induction increased, nor remission
      duration prolonged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424469
TI  - Repeated hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis. The game of "Sartoris".
AB  - Repeated hospital admission is a serious problem for both the patient and the
      health care system. The life story of a patient repeatedly admitted for treatment
      of exacerbations of a chronic disease, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, can often
      be compared to Faulkner's family Sartoris. The Sartoris characters were wholly
      occupied in the pursuit of their painful decline and eventual demise. At the
      Johns Hopkins Hospital, 45 persons were identified who were repeatedly admitted
      to the medical service for diabetic ketoacidosis. Forty-two charts of
      "recidivist" patients and "non-recidivist" control patients matched for age and
      severity of disease were reviewed to determine factors that, if corrected, would
      prevent repeated admission. Case reports of three patients who were admitted an
      average of 11 times annually for several years are presented. Implications of the
      "Game of Sartoris" for the American teaching hospital are discussed.

PMID- 6424470
TI  - Babesiosis in splenectomized adults. Review of 22 reported cases.
AB  - Since 1957, there have been 22 reported cases of human babesiosis in
      splenectomized persons, representing about one third of all clinical human
      babesiosis. Splenectomy had been performed one month to 36 years (mean 8.7 years,
      median 6.0 years) earlier for a variety of reasons. Four of the seven European
      cases were from Babesia divergens whereas 12 of the 15 United States cases were
      from B. microti. Most of the 22 patients had moderate to severe clinical disease
      including hemolytic anemia, yet all but six recovered. Three patients had
      transfusion-acquired babesiosis. Treatments employed included the use of
      chloroquine, quinine, pyrimethamine, pentamidine, clindamycin, dialysis, and
      exchange transfusion. Splenectomized and/or otherwise immunocompromised hosts
      should be advised to avoid visiting endemic areas for babesiosis such as
      Nantucket Island or Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts and Shelter Island and
      other parts of Long Island, New York. Babesiosis must be considered as one of the
      not uncommon organisms responsible for the postsplenectomy sepsis syndrome and
      one for which there is no current prophylaxis.

PMID- 6424471
TI  - Lack of von Willebrand factor, factor VIII related antigen and factor VIII
      coagulant response to human growth hormone infusion in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion and platelet hyperaggregation have been
      considered to be involved in the development of the vascular complications of
      diabetes mellitus (DM). Trying to find a common link between GH and platelet
      hyperaggregation, we measured von Willebrand or ristocetin cofactor activity
      (VIII R:Rcof), factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) and factor VIII coagulant
      activity (VIII:C) in ten type 2 DM (NIDDM) and seven normal control (C) human
      subjects. These three parameters were measured before (time 0), and after a one
      hour intravenous infusion of 0.1 U/kg bw of GH, (times 1, 4, 6, and 24 hours).
      The NIDDM subjects were nonobese and without clinical evidence of diabetic
      vascular complications. Despite remarkably high levels of GH reached during the
      infusion (average 280 ng/ml), there were no significant changes in the measured
      parameters in either NIDDM or C group. The baseline levels of factors VIII
      R:Rcof, VIII R:Ag and VIII:C were also not significantly different in the two
      groups. Changes in GH serum levels seem to have no effect on the factors VIII:C,
      VIII R:Ag or VIII R:Rcof levels in normals (C) or in NIDDM subjects without
      evidence of vascular complications. These results do not preclude the possibility
      that there may be a different response to GH in DM patients with advanced
      vascular complications and probable endothelial cell abnormalities.

PMID- 6424472
TI  - Concentrations of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone in spinal cord of
      patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Concentrations of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (ir-TRH) were
      measured by specific radioimmunoassay in the spinal cord of six patients with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and seven with non-neurological diseases. Ir
      TRH concentrations were the highest in the anterior horn, compared with other
      areas of the spinal cord, both in non-neurological diseases and ALS. Ir-TRH
      concentrations in the anterior horn of ALS were significantly lower than in non
      neurological diseases, but were the same in both groups in other parts of the
      spinal cord (e.g. posterior horn, frontal part, lateral and central part,
      posterior part). Ir-TRH concentrations in rat spinal cords were stable for up to
      seven hours when spinal cord was stored after death at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees
      C. An elution profile of methanol-extracted human spinal cord on Sephandex G-10
      column was identical to that of synthetic TRH. The cell population in the
      anterior horn in ALS was decreased markedly. The findings suggest that TRH is
      present in the human spinal cord and its decreased concentrations in the anterior
      horn of ALS may be due to a decrease in the cell population.

PMID- 6424473
TI  - Heterozygote detection in Hunter syndrome.
AB  - Iduronate sulfate sulfatase activity was determined in 36 women, relatives of
      Hunter syndrome patients. The use of serum and lymphocyte extracts for the
      determination of enzyme levels enabled the detection of 13 out of 15 (86%)
      obligate heterozygotes and identification of 10 of 21 other relatives as
      carriers. These methods are relatively simple and can easily be applied for
      routine examinations of all women at risk of being a Hunter heterozygote. These
      results permit for the first time meaningful genetic counseling for the families
      of Hunter patients.

PMID- 6424474
TI  - Long-term reversible contraception with levonorgestrel-releasing Silastic rods.
AB  - Subcutaneously placed Silastic capsules containing levonorgestrel are effective
      for 5 years and have a higher continuation rate than other methods of reversible
      contraception. Six 3 cm capsules are required to achieve satisfactory circulating
      levels of levonorgestrel. Two 4 cm covered Silastic rods containing
      levonorgestrel, which are easier to manufacture, insert, and remove than the
      capsules, produce similar in vitro release rates. This study compared clinical
      and metabolic effects as well as bleeding patterns in 23 women using either six
      capsules (n = 11) or two covered rods (n = 12). Serum levels of levonorgestrel,
      lipids, and lipoproteins as well as frequency of elevated progesterone levels
      were compared in serum samples obtained before treatment and 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24
      months after insertion with the two systems. While bleeding patterns were similar
      for users of the two systems, rod users had slightly higher serum levels of
      levonorgestrel and a lower incidence of cycles with elevated progesterone levels.
      Therefore, rods could replace capsules as a long-term, reversible contraceptive
      method.

PMID- 6424475
TI  - Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for induction of
      ovulation.
AB  - Chronic pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was
      used to induce ovulation in 12 women with various ovulatory disorders. In the
      first group of eight patients with normal to low baseline levels of gonadotropin,
      seven responded favorably to the treatment. Follicular maturation was observed in
      57% of the treated cycles, and normal ovulatory cycles were induced in 24% of the
      patients. Two patients became pregnant. The intravenous route of administration
      was more effective than the subcutaneous one, possibly in response to the GnRH
      profile after each pulse. (The amplitude of GnRH peaks after an intravenous pulse
      was four times that seen after a subcutaneous one.) In contrast, follicular
      maturation and ovulation could not be induced in four women of a second group of
      patients with normal baseline levels of follicle-stimulating hormone but with
      high and frequent pulses of luteinizing hormone. The conclusion reached was that
      pulsatile administration of GnRH can be a new therapeutic tool in the treatment
      of ovulatory disorders in women who have an insufficient endogenous release of
      GnRH.

PMID- 6424476
TI  - Bacterial attachment to the chorioamniotic membranes.
AB  - Intra-amniotic infections are believed to result from bacteria of cervical and
      vaginal origin which gain access to the amniotic sac. The logical sequence in
      this process would be bacterial attachment to the maternal surface, followed by
      migration through the chorioamniotic membranes to the fetal surface. Fresh
      sterile chorioamniotic membranes were interposed between two arms of specially
      constructed incubation vessels. Bacteria (Escherichia coli, group B streptococci,
      or Neisseria gonorrhoeae) were inoculated into the arm (containing a basal salt
      medium) contiguous with the maternal surface. The arm contiguous with the fetal
      surface of the membrane contained pseudoamniotic fluid. At intervals up to 24
      hours after inoculation, the membranes were removed, washed, fixed in
      glutaraldehyde, and examined by means of scanning and transmission electron
      microscopes. The ability of group B streptococci and E. coli to attach to and
      invade the chorioamniotic membranes was demonstrated by this technique. It
      appeared that group B streptococci had a greater capacity to attach and invade
      than did E. coli, whereas N. gonorrhoeae predictably failed to attach.

PMID- 6424477
TI  - Prostaglandin D2 in canine endotoxic shock. Hemodynamic, hematologic,
      biochemical, and blood gas analyses.
AB  - This canine study was designed to evaluate the effects of the intravenous
      infusion of coliform endotoxin with a simultaneous infusion of prostaglandin D2
      (PGD2) on hemodynamics, blood gas, blood chemistry, and some hematologic
      parameters. The information derived from the present study supports the view that
      the intravenous administration of PGD2 moderates the effects of endotoxin, with
      its main beneficial effect being on the renal vascular bed. Treatment with PGD2
      did not change the endotoxin-induced hemoconcentration, or the reduction in the
      platelet and white blood cell counts. However, four of nine animals survived more
      than 7 days when treated with PGD2, whereas without it only one of nine animals
      survived the administration of the same dose of endotoxin. Although the mechanism
      of action is not clear, the correlation between PGD2 infusion and improved renal
      blood flow warrants further study in endotoxic shock.

PMID- 6424478
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges after exposure to ultrasound and mitomycin C.
AB  - A pilot study was designed to determine whether a synergistic ability to produce
      sister chromatid exchanges exists between ultrasound and mitomycin C, an
      alkylating agent known to induce sister chromatid exchanges. Bromodeoxyuridine
      containing cells from human lymphocyte cultures were randomized into one of four
      exposures: (1) unexposed controls, (2) 20 minutes of pulsed ultrasound (3.5 MHZ),
      (3) mitomycin C alone, or (4) mitomycin C and 20 minutes of pulsed ultrasound.
      The mean sister chromatid exchange frequencies were 6.7 control cells, 7.5 cells
      exposed only to ultrasound, 8.1 cells treated with both ultrasound and mitomycin
      C, and 10.4 cells treated with mitomycin C alone. Neither X2 tests for
      differences in the four distributions nor analysis of variance for interaction
      between ultrasound and mitomycin C was significant. Our results suggest that
      individuals receiving alkylating agents are not likely to be highly susceptible
      to any deleterious effects of ultrasound. However, these results remain tentative
      pending repetition of studies and development of more appropriate in vitro
      exposure systems.

PMID- 6424479
TI  - Prevention of rhesus isoimmunization.

PMID- 6424480
TI  - Experimental pyelonephritis. The effect of T-cell deficiency on the course of
      hematogenous enterococcal pyelonephritis in the mouse.
AB  - The course of experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis due to Streptococcus
      faecalis was compared in athymic (nu/nu) mice and euthymic (nu/+) littermates. Up
      to 7 weeks following infection, there were no significant differences in renal
      microbial populations. At 63 and 107-131 days there was significant escalation of
      infection in nu/nu mice, while the nu/+ mice were decreasing their infections.
      There was no increase in gross abscess formation in nu/nu mice, but in late
      stages significantly more gross scarring occurred in nu/nu as compared with nu/+
      mice. Microscopically there was also greater scarring in nu/nu mice late in the
      disease, except for calyceal lesions. The data suggest that immunologic factors
      (T cells) are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6424481
TI  - Guinea pig plasma kallikrein as a vascular permeability enhancement factor. Its
      dependence on kinin generation and regulation mechanisms in vivo.
AB  - Plasma kallikrein (mol wt 80,000) was purified from guinea pig plasma, and it
      caused vascular permeability enhancement when injected into guinea pig skin. The
      activity had a linear relationship to the logarithm of kallikrein concentrations
      from 5 X 10(-9) M to 5 X 10(-6) M and was blocked by immunopurified anti
      prekallikrein F(ab')2 rabbit antibody and soybean trypsin inhibitor.
      Carboxypeptidase B(1.7 units), a kinin-destructive enzyme, decreased the
      permeability activity to 1/20, while SQ 20,881 (10(-6) M), an inhibitor to a
      kinin-destructive enzyme, augmented the activity 5.4-fold. These results
      suggested that the permeability activity of kallikrein was performed finally
      through kinin generation in the skin. The permeability activity was short
      lasting, and was completely blocked by a kallikrein inhibitor purified from
      guinea pig plasma, suggesting the presence of a down-regulation system for the
      permeability activity in vivo. Prostaglandin E2 (25 ng), a hyperemia inducer in
      microcirculation, augmented the permeability activity 12-fold, suggesting the
      presence of an up-regulation system in vivo. Accordingly, it was assumed that
      kallikrein-kinin system might play a role as a vascular permeability enhancement
      system in guinea pig skin.

PMID- 6424482
TI  - Specificity of the DST and the TRH test for major depression in alcoholics.
AB  - The authors examined dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) test results in 32 chronic alcoholics without depression
      or hepatic disease to see if alcoholism alone might lead to positive test
      results. After 3 weeks of sobriety there were no DST abnormalities, but blunted
      TRH test results were observed in eight of the 32 alcoholics. More of the 15
      patients also tested during alcohol withdrawal than of the 20 normal subjects or
      the 32 alcoholics without alcohol withdrawal had DST and TRH test abnormalities.
      When performed after 3 weeks of sobriety, the DST but not the TRH test has
      potential as a specific laboratory adjunct in the diagnosis of depression in
      alcoholics.

PMID- 6424483
TI  - Placement changes in long-term care: three years' experience.
AB  - This paper describes the place and level of care of an urban and a semi-rural
      health unit for which 1,653 clients began their experience in British Columbia's
      Long-Term Care (LTC) program and where they were one and three years later. Three
      years after admission, 54 per cent of 759 clients initially admitted at home to
      the lowest level of care were still active clients: 25.8 per cent unchanged, 11.3
      per cent at home but at a higher level of care, 16.9 per cent had moved to
      facilities, 25.4 per cent had died; the remainder of this group had been
      discharged from LTC. A similar proportion of the 184 clients admitted to the
      lowest level of care in facilities were still in the program at the end of three
      years. In contrast, 25 per cent of those admitted to the highest level of care at
      home (N = 60) and 14.1 per cent of those admitted to the highest level in
      facilities (N = 64) remained in the program after three years. The potential of
      the study data for planning purposes is suggested.

PMID- 6424484
TI  - The role of dirt floors and of firewood in rural dwellings in the epidemiology of
      Chagas' disease in Costa Rica.
AB  - In an endemic area of Chagas' disease in Costa Rica, 50 houses infested with
      Triatoma dimidiata were re-examined after a period of 14-17 years. Criteria used
      were two socioeconomic parameters which are closely associated with the presence
      of the bugs: colonies of triatomines inside houses are favored by the presence of
      a dirt floor, and stored firewood is an excellent refuge for insects outdoors.
      Indoor infestation was completely eliminated from nine of 13 houses in which the
      floors had been changed from dirt to concrete during this period, and nearly
      eliminated from the other four, supporting the hypothesis that the disappearance
      of dirt floors makes it difficult for the bugs to thrive inside houses. Of the 21
      houses that lost the infestation (inside, outside, or both), firewood had been
      eliminated in 13, and of 29 houses that remained infested firewood had been
      eliminated in only two. An inverse relationship was found between distance of
      firewood piles from the house and presence of bugs. It is supposed that a colony
      of insects frequently starts in stored firewood and then moves into the household
      if a dirt floor is present. Removal of firewood and replacement of dirt floors by
      concrete would provide good prophylactic measures against the transmission of
      Chagas' disease in areas where T. dimidiata is the vector.

PMID- 6424485
TI  - Studies of Trypanosoma cruzi clones in inbred mice. II. Course of infection of
      C57BL/6 mice with single-cell-isolated stocks.
AB  - A study of the course of parasitemia and mortality of C57BL/6 mice infected with
      the Trypanosoma cruzi Sylvio-X10 strain and two single-cell-isolate clones of the
      strain confirms our previous report on the existence of intra-strain
      subpopulations differing in their pathogenicity for inbred mice. In contrast to
      the generally accepted pattern of mouse strain susceptibility, C57BL/6 mice are
      more susceptible than C3H/HeN mice when infected with the Sylvio-X10 isolates. In
      addition, sex-related differences in susceptibility occurred depending upon the
      strain of the mouse and parasite isolate used. These data infer an interplay of
      host and parasite genetic factors influencing the outcome of a mouse infection
      with T. cruzi.

PMID- 6424486
TI  - Lack of transplacental infection with scrub typhus organisms in laboratory mice.
AB  - Female mice were inoculated with either a virulent or avirulent strain of
      Rickettsia tsutsugamushi before (1 month and 1 week) or after (approximately 10
      days) impregnation. From each group, two pregnant mothers were killed on day 20
      post-impregnation, and fetuses and placentas were examined for rickettsiae.
      Organisms were isolated from 80% of placentas but not from the fetuses.
      Immediately following parturition, litters from 50% of the infected mothers were
      exchanged with litters from uninfected mothers. In all cases, no scrub typhus
      rickettsiae were found in the litters examined on days 1, 7, and 30 postpartum,
      and no antibody was found in sera collected 1 and 2 months postpartum.

PMID- 6424487
TI  - Initial clinical experience with a low pressure drop membrane oxygenator for
      cardiopulmonary bypass in adult patients.
AB  - The new Travenol oxygenator is composed of 80 parallel blood pathways.
      Microporous membrane separates the blood and gas compartments. The membrane
      surface area is 3 m2, with a pore size of 0.01 microns. Venous blood drains
      directly from the patient through the oxygenator, then through an integral heat
      exchanger and into a reservoir, from which a single arterial pump returns the
      blood to the patient. The advantage of this configuration of membrane oxygenator
      is simplicity of setup and operation. A disadvantage that we have observed is an
      apparent variation in resistance to blood flow through the oxygenator during
      clinical perfusion. Construction changes in a later version of the oxygenator
      have reduced the resistance to flow through the blood pathway. This device has
      been used for 20 perfusions at moderate hypothermia (mean 31.8 degrees C) in
      patients up to 2.1 m2 body surface area for up to 313 minutes. Blood flow was 2.1
      to 5.6 liters/min, partial arterial oxygen pressure 100 to 394 torr, partial
      arterial carbon dioxide pressure 19 to 57 torr (mean 37 torr) and, arterial pH
      7.29 to 7.56 (mean 7.41). Oxygen transfer was as high as 230 ml/min. This
      integral oxygenator-heat exchanger-reservoir is operated like a bubble
      oxygenator, with direct venous drainage through the device and a single pump, but
      it uses a membrane oxygenator for gas exchange to eliminate the detrimental
      effects of bubbles.

PMID- 6424488
TI  - Encephalopathy, oxygen consumption, visceral amino acid clearance, and mortality
      in cirrhotic surgical patients.
AB  - To assess the relationship of the high mortality of coma in cirrhotic surgical
      patients to defects in energy metabolism, reduced utilization of amino acids by
      the liver and other visceral tissues, oxygen consumption, central plasma
      clearance rate of amino acids (CPCR of amino acids), and the plasma
      concentrations of plasma inducing factors were measured in a series of 59
      cirrhotic patients. They were classed as alert, encephalopathic, and comatose
      (Groups A, E, and C, respectively). The comatose group was set apart from the
      other two by a significantly higher mortality of 83 percent (p less than 0.005)
      combined with a lower whole body oxygen consumption of 103 +/- 6.8 ml/min per m2
      compared with 135 +/- 10 ml/min per m2 in alert patients and 159 +/- 12 ml/min
      per m2 in the encephalopathic patients (p less than 0.01) and CPCR of amino acids
      of only 120 +/- 20 ml of plasma/min per m2 compared with 240 +/- 30 ml of
      plasma/min per m2 in the alert patients and 300 +/- 50 in the encephalopathic
      patients (p less than 0.01). An inverse correlation of tyrosine and phenylalanine
      concentrations existed with both whole body oxygen consumption (r = -0.56, p less
      than 0.01) and also with total amino acid clearance (r = -0.61, p less than
      0.01). Tyrosine and phenylalanine concentrations also correlated directly with
      the octopamine concentration (r = 0.64, p less than 0.01). Thus, we conclude that
      coma is a symptom of hyperaminoacidemia, but that death is the result of impaired
      oxidative energy production and a deficiency of amino acid clearance for
      synthesis of proteins required for survival.

PMID- 6424489
TI  - Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in the inner ear.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase was histochemically located in chinchilla inner ear tissues. A
      strong carbonic anhydrase reaction was observed in the spiral ligament cells,
      Boettcher's cells, the external sulcus cells, and the stria vascularis
      (intermediate and/or basal cells). The enzymatic reaction was also positive in
      the supporting cells of all vestibular sensory epithelia, as well as in the dark
      cells and transitional cells of the utricle and saccule. Some epithelial cells of
      the endolymphatic sac were also positive. It is speculated that this enzyme may
      be involved in: 1) ionic or fluid regulation of the endolymph, 2) removal of CO2
      from the inner ear tissue near the sensory cells, and 3) otoconia formation and
      maintenance.

PMID- 6424490
TI  - Prolonged feeding of ethanol to the young growing guinea pig. II. A model to
      study the effects of severe ischemia on cardiac protein synthesis.
AB  - Although acute perfusion of guinea pig hearts with ethanol does not affect
      cardiac protein synthesis, the latter is inhibited after prolonged ingestion of
      ethanol when tested in an in vitro system with the working right ventricle. This
      study reports on the added stress of ischemia on such hearts. Hearts were removed
      from maturing guinea pigs after 13-16 weeks of ingesting 10% ethanol and were
      perfused in vitro under conditions of relative ischemia (one-sixth of normal
      coronary flow) with maintenance of right ventricular load and outflow resistance
      identical to normal pre-ischemic levels. With this degree of ischemia, there was
      a 4-6 fold increase in lactate production, an 80% drop in ATP, and a 90% decrease
      in creatine phosphate after 150 min of the ischemia. Incorporation of both
      labeled lysine and phenylalanine into cardiac protein was also diminished to 35%
      of control in the left ventricle and 55% of control in the right. This diminution
      of protein synthesis was the same in hearts from ethanol-drinking and matched
      control animals. Thus, prior prolonged ingestion of ethanol did not worsen the
      inhibition of protein synthesis by oxygen deprivation. There were, however, two
      significant differences in hemodynamic response to the ischemia by the right
      ventricles of hearts from ethanol-drinking guinea pigs compared to their matched
      controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424491
TI  - A new aerosol formulation of sodium cromoglycate compared with conventional
      powder in the treatment of asthma.
AB  - Sodium cromoglycate formulated as a pressurised aerosol was compared with the
      conventional powder for a period of 12 weeks in a double-blind group comparison
      trial involving 48 patients. A double dummy technique was used; the dose of
      sodium cromoglycate was 2 mg four times daily by aerosol, and 20 mg four times
      daily by Spinhaler. Patients were able to use the correct technique for both
      aerosol and dry powder inhalation. Patients recorded the severity of their asthma
      symptoms, their morning and evening peak flow rate, and the amount of other
      asthma therapy used, on a daily diary card. They also attended the clinic every 4
      weeks for assessment. A statistical comparison of the efficacy of the powder and
      aerosol forms found no significant differences in clinical assessment of
      severity, diary card symptom scores, morning and evening peak flow readings, or
      aerosol bronchodilator usage. Thirty-four patients considered that the aerosol
      was more convenient and easier to use than the dry powder inhaler.

PMID- 6424492
TI  - Disodium cromoglycate relieves symptoms in symptomatic young smokers. A double
      blind placebo controlled trial.
AB  - We have undertaken a double blind placebo controlled study of disodium
      cromoglycate (DSCG) in 32 symptomatic young smokers. These individuals had
      regular morning cough and sputum with the sensation of wheeze, but were not
      asthmatics as determined by the usual criteria. No significant changes were
      observed in sputum or serum eosinophils, IgE, IgG or IgA, or sputum histamine
      concentrations following the administration, for 3 weeks, of either DSCG (20 mg)
      or placebo, thrice daily. However DSCG, but not placebo, was associated with
      significant improvements in the symptoms of cough (P less than 0.01) and wheezing
      (P less than 0.025). We suggest that these changes may be due to an effect of
      DSCG on the irritant receptor mediated reflex response to cigarette smoke rather
      than the involvement of mast cells.

PMID- 6424493
TI  - Accidental infusion of total parenteral nutrition solution through an epidural
      catheter.

PMID- 6424494
TI  - [Parenteral administration of amino acids to septic patients].
AB  - The study investigates the status of plasma amino acids and their pathological
      changes under the specific conditions of sepsis in 20 intensive care patients,
      who were randomized into two groups with and without amino acid support. The
      study was designed to determine whether the concentration of the free amino acids
      in plasma or their relative proportions to each other determine the cellular
      uptake under septic conditions in such a way that would have relevance for the
      exogenous supply. Sepsis was defined as an increase in body temperature above 38
      degrees C, a positive blood culture and changes in the white blood cell picture.
      Carefully standardized and quality-controlled low-pressure liquid chromatography
      was used along with a new procedure for data processing, based on personal
      physiological range with known ranges for individual amino acids. The
      concentrations of individual amino acids vary widely and did not allow a decision
      to be made about disturbance of homeostasis. The mean total concentrations varied
      between 1.27 mmol/l and 4.40 mmol/l. The range was similar whether amino acids
      were administered or not. This variation was also found in the branched chain
      amino acids, which were considered to have a specific importance in septic
      states. Valine varied between 114 mumol/l. The relative proportion of the
      individual amino acids to the whole amount of amino acids showed less variation
      and demonstrates that the oxidative action of the liver is able to correct any
      deviation from the normal and maintains the uptake of amino acids by the
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424495
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of ventilation monitoring during anesthesia of the
      newborn and infants].
AB  - The following methods for monitoring the ventilation in general anaesthesia can
      theoretically be applied for neonates and small infants: The use of a precordial
      stethoscope, measurements and observation of the ventilation pressure, analysis
      of the inspiratory oxygen concentration, measurement of the expiratory volume,
      analysis of end-tidal CO2, transcutaneous O2 and CO2 measurement and blood gas
      analysis. These methods are evaluated and their limitations discussed. Special
      attention is paid to the application of these methods used in the different
      paediatric anaesthetic systems. A three graded plan which classifies the risks
      for the patients and/or the operations is presented in order to rationalize the
      use of these methods, some of which require expensive equipment. The basic
      ventilation monitoring includes, even for short operations in healthy patients
      (Grade I), the precordial stethoscope, the measurement of the inspiratory oxygen
      concentration, the measurement of the ventilation pressure and, for school age
      children also measurement of the expiratory volume. For operations lasting longer
      than one hour (Grade II) end-tidal CO2 analysis should be used when the
      ventilation-perfusion ratio is undisturbed. Transcutaneous O2 is desirable, but
      at the present time not accurate for conditions of general anaesthesia. For all
      high risk patients and/or operations (Grade III), particularly in the neonates,
      arterial blood gases are indispensable as well as the other methods for
      monitoring ventilation.

PMID- 6424496
TI  - [Postoperative enteral feeding following resection of the colon].
AB  - We tried to show that feeding via intrajejunal tube with a chemical defined diet
      (CDD) is an alternative to parenteral nutrition in the early postoperative
      period. We investigated 40 patients after colon surgery--randomized into two
      groups (group I: CDD, group II: control: total parenteral nutrition via central
      veins). It was shown that the patients in the CDD-group tolerated enteral feeding
      from the beginning without any problems. At the second postoperative day, the N
      balance became positive in both groups. The given results proved that this form
      of tube feeding with a special diet is a definite alternative to parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6424497
TI  - [Regulation of respiration in assisted ventilation].
AB  - Based on knowledge of the control of external respiration, the physiological
      reactions are discussed which should be evoked proprioceptively and
      chemoreceptively by an assisting respirator's disturbances of spontaneous
      breathing movements. The following possible states are discriminated: 1. "no
      adaption": the respiratory motor system does not remain passive during the
      machine's stroke; 2. "passive adaption": the respiratory motor system remains
      passive during the respirator's stroke; to changes of the blood gas-status, only
      the breathing frequency responds, but in just the same manner as during
      spontaneous ventilation; 3. "active adaption": the ventilatory motor apparatus
      remains passive during the respirator's operation; changes of the blood gases are
      responded to by the breathing frequency only, but in a manner different to
      spontaneous breathing and which compensates for the invariability of the fixed
      stroke-volume. - Related to these 3 states, consequences concerning the
      efficiency of chemical respiratory control can be derived which should reveal
      themselves during experimental manipulation of the blood gas partial pressures.
      Accordingly, the CO2-response curves of minute ventilation, breathing frequency
      and tidal-volume generated in 9 healthy, awake and cooperative subjects during
      spontaneous breathing and assisted (stroke-volume controlled) respiration with
      gas mixtures of 0, 3 and 6% CO2 were investigated and compared. (In each subject
      assisted ventilation with 2 or 3 different stroke-volumes was performed. The
      smallest stroke-volume equalled the medium tidal-volume of spontaneous
      ventilation. Every stroke-volume produced its particular CO2-response curve).
      Hence it follows that with assisted ventilation, using a stroke-volume larger
      than the spontaneous tidal-volume, the subjects maintain a state between
      "passive" and "active adaption".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424498
TI  - [Double-blind testing of alfentanyl and fentanyl in total intravenous
      anesthesia].
AB  - Fentanyl or alfentanil (at a dose ten times that of fentanyl) was administered to
      fifty healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. They were given in a double
      blind manner for analgesia in a total intravenous anaesthesia technique to see if
      differences existed in their respiratory depressant, analgesic or sedative
      effects. They were combined in the same syringe with etomidate and given by
      intravenous bolus injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion.
      Analgesia was generally adequate for the operations in this study. Respiratory
      depression (respiratory rate less than ten) lasted about ten minutes after drug
      administration, ceased in all patients. The return of respiratory rate,
      consciousness, and psychomotor performance to control was similar in the groups
      receiving fentanyl or alfentanil. This study showed that alfentanil and fentanyl
      have equivalent potency and duration of action when used in a ten to one ratio.
      Furthermore, the technique provided good operating conditions but there was a
      high incidence of postoperative drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 6424499
TI  - Quantitative analysis of lysine analogs and derivatives.
AB  - Methods for the modification of lysine residues in proteins and the analysis of
      artificially or naturally modified lysine derivatives by quantitative
      chromatographic procedures are described. The compilation of results should
      assist structure-function studies and the analysis of new lysine derivatives.

PMID- 6424500
TI  - Analysis of 2',5'-oligoadenylates in cells and tissues.
AB  - Complex mixtures of 2',5'-oligoadenylates are formed in cells and tissues under
      several different circumstances, and methods for analyzing such mixtures are
      reviewed. Separation is achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography and
      quantitation by competition-binding assays, using three different types of
      antibodies or a specific binding protein, or by functional assay, using
      preparations of an endonuclease specifically activated by some of the 2',5'
      oligoadenylates. Representative results from three different biological systems
      are presented. The function of 2',5'-oligoadenylates as activators of
      intracellular RNA degradation is discussed, along with the possibility that these
      compounds may serve as signals for other intracellular regulatory processes.

PMID- 6424501
TI  - A rapid, sensitive method for detection of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti
      antibody on Western blots.
AB  - A rapid, sensitive method has been developed to detect antibody-antigen complexes
      on "Western blots." The methods of H. Towbin, T. Staehlin, and J. Gordon were
      used to separate and blot the antigens onto nitrocellulose. The remaining sites
      of attachment were blocked and the nitrocellulose was washed with
      polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). The blot was then reacted with
      the antiserum or hybridoma supernate to be tested. After the antigen-antibody
      reaction was completed, the blot was washed and treated with anti-antibody which
      had been conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase was
      detected by the reduction of the tetrazolium salt to diformazan by the hydrogen
      ions released in the formation of indigo by the reaction of the phosphatase on
      the indoxyl phosphate. The advantages of this method over previously described
      techniques are (1) use of Tween 20 allows the blot to be stained with Coomassie
      blue, (2) the substrates of the alkaline phosphatase reaction are stable for long
      periods of time, (3) the reaction products form an intense blue color which does
      not fade, (4) the resolution is extremely good with little to no band broadening,
      (5) the reaction is sensitive to picogram quantities of antigen, and (6) the
      reaction is quantitative.

PMID- 6424502
TI  - Synthesis of a fluorescent derivative of glucosyl ceramide for the sensitive
      determination of glucocerebrosidase activity.
AB  - A fluorescent derivative of glucosyl ceramide was synthesized by covalently
      linking a fluorescent fatty acid, 12-[N-methyl-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4
      yl)] aminododecanoic acid to the amino group of sphingosyl-1-O-beta-D-glucoside,
      glucosyl sphingosine. For hydrolysis by glucocerebrosidase, this substrate was
      dispersed in mixed micelles with Triton X-100 and sodium taurocholate or in
      unilamellar liposomes with phosphatidylcholine and the negatively charged lipid,
      dicetylphosphate. In either micellar or liposomal dispersions of the fluorescent
      substrate, reaction rates were linear with time and protein concentration, and
      saturation kinetics were observed. The rate of hydrolysis of this fluorescent
      substrate was equal to that obtained with radiolabeled glucosyl ceramide. The
      fluorescent glucosyl ceramide was used to determine glucocerebrosidase activity
      in extracts of human leukocytes, cultured skin fibroblasts, and various tissues
      as well as in partially purified splenic and placental glucocerebrosidase
      preparations. This fluorescent derivative of the natural substrate was not
      hydrolyzed by aryl beta-glucosidase(s), thereby facilitating the specific and
      reliable diagnosis of heterozygotes and homozygotes with Gaucher disease.

PMID- 6424503
TI  - Polypeptide microsequence analysis with the commercially available gas-phase
      sequencer.
AB  - An evaluation of the commercially available gas-phase sequencer with regard to
      its sensitivity, ease of operation, and reliability is presented. Techniques for
      the preparation of ultra-pure reagents and solvents for this new technology are
      reviewed, as is a highly sensitive reverse-phase liquid chromatography program
      for the identification and quantitation of phenylthiohydantoin amino acid
      residues from the new sequenator.

PMID- 6424504
TI  - Intracellular form of streptococcal proteinase: a clue to a novel mechanism of
      secretion.
AB  - The intracellular form of streptococcal proteinase has been isolated and compared
      with its extracellular form. As shown by double-immunodiffusion studies and
      radiosequence analysis, the intracellular proteinase was identical to that of the
      extracellular proteinase. However, the unusual mixed disulfide, protein-S-SR,
      shown to be present in the extracellular proteinase, was missing in the
      intracellular proteinase. Protease activity is dependent upon the free sulfhydryl
      group of the proteinase. Thus, the intracellular proteinase was enzymatically
      active, while the extracellular proteinase requires activation by exposure to a
      reducing agent. Because this appears to be the only difference between the
      intracellular and extracellular protease, it is proposed that the modification of
      the protein-SH to form protein-S-SR is a process that is intimately related to
      the mechanism of secretion of the proteinase into the culture fluid by
      streptococci.

PMID- 6424505
TI  - Observations on the reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide with a peptide
      bound tryptophanyl residue.
AB  - Previous studies on the isolation of peptides containing tryptophanyl residues
      modified with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide demonstrated multiple products of
      reaction at the same residue as well as technical difficulties in the primary
      structure analysis of peptides containing the modified tryptophanyl residue. The
      present study was undertaken to explore the reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl
      bromide with the single tryptophanyl residue in a synthetic peptide, experimental
      allergenic encephalitogenic peptide. The modification of this peptide was
      accomplished in sodium acetate, pH 4.75, and reagent removed by gel filtration.
      Amino acid analysis of the modified peptide suggested that only the tryptophanyl
      residue had been modified under these experimental conditions. The modified
      peptide could be separated into multiple derivatives by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Although it is clear that some of the observed heterogeneity
      reflects a difference in the degree of substitution at the single tryptophanyl
      residue, several of the derivatives appear to have the same extent of
      substitution. It is suggested that the heterogeneity observed is a reflection of
      the establishment of a new diastereoisomeric center in the peptide. These results
      are consistent with previous observations from other laboratories and provide a
      basis for the explanation of apparent heterogeneity of peptides obtained from
      modified proteins.

PMID- 6424506
TI  - Air-dried enzyme electrodes.

PMID- 6424507
TI  - Relationship between the quality of fixation and the presence of stippled
      material in newly formed enamel of the rat incisor.
AB  - Extracellular accumulation of a granular material that is presumed to be an
      organic "precursor" to mineralized enamel has been reported. This material,
      generally referred to as ""stippled material," was observed mainly after
      immersion fixation with osmium tetroxide. In studies with perfusion fixation, the
      presence of stippled material was inconsistent. Therefore, it appeared that the
      occurrence of stippled material was dependent on the method of fixation. To test
      this assumption, tissues were fixed by immersion in either osmium tetroxide or
      glutaraldehyde and by perfusion with either glutaraldehyde or a mixture of
      acrolein, glutaraldehyde, and formaldehyde. It was found that as the quality of
      cellular preservation improved, the occurrence of stippled material decreased.
      Since no stippled material could be found in material judged to be well fixed, it
      was concluded that stippled material is not an extracellular precursor to
      mineralized enamel, but is a breakdown product resulting from poor fixation.

PMID- 6424508
TI  - Central depletion of catecholamines--importance of hypertension and anesthesia.
AB  - The importance of the brain noradrenergic sympathetic nervous system in blood
      pressure control during anesthesia with halothane and enflurane was investigated
      in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Central noradrenergic neurons were
      destroyed by instillation of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the cerebral
      ventricle of both normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). One week later, arterial and venous lines were placed in the rats under
      anesthesia; the rats were allowed to recover; and blood pressure and plasma renin
      activity were measured while the rats were awake. Anesthesia then was induced
      with 1.3 vol% halothane (Wistar n = 8, Wistar 6-OHDA n = 10, SHR n = 8, SHR 6
      OHDA n = 6) or 2.2 vol% enflurane (Wistar n = 6, Wistar 6-OHDA n = 10, SHR n = 8,
      SHR 6-OHDA n = 6). A control group (Wistar n = 10, Wistar 6-OHDA n = 6, SHR n =
      8, SHR 6-OHDA n = 6) was treated identically, but remained unanesthetized
      throughout the experiment. The untreated normotensive and hypertensive rats
      received no intraventricular injections. After 1 hr of stable anesthesia, plasma
      renin activity was measured again, and saralasin, a competitive inhibitor of
      angiotensin II, was infused to determine the importance of the renin--angiotensin
      system in blood pressure control. Treatment with 6-OHDA resulted in a 60-90%
      depletion of norepinephrine in the medulla and hypothalamus. Normotensive Wistar
      rats treated with 6-OHDA responded to halothane and enflurane anesthesia in a
      manner similar to untreated normotensive rats. In contrast, hypertensive animals
      treated with 6-OHDA and then anesthetized with halothane had a significantly
      greater decrease in blood pressure than untreated hypertensive rats (100 +/- 4 mm
      Hg vs 125 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424509
TI  - Regional blood flow in dogs during halothane anesthesia and controlled
      hypotension produced by nitroprusside or nitroglycerin.
AB  - We used the radioactive microsphere method to measure and compare the effects of
      sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitroglycerin (NTG) on organ blood flow during
      hypotension induced by each drug. The study was done in 10 dogs anesthetized
      using 0.7% end-tidal halothane. Each animal received both SNP and NTG to decrease
      the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) to 45 mm Hg, but the sequence in which
      the drugs were administered was alternated. Five of the dogs received SNP first
      and five received NTG first. Organ blood flow was measured after a stable period
      of hypotension that was brief by necessity in order to avoid cyanide toxicity due
      to increasing dose requirements for SNP. Measurements were made before and during
      hypotension induced with each drug. The mean duration of stable hypotension was
      shorter (P less than 0.05) with NTG (5 +/- 1 min) (mean +/- SEM) than with SNP (7
      +/- 1 min). During NTG-induced hypotension, blood flows to the brain, kidneys,
      liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and skeletal muscle were maintained at
      control levels. During SNP-induced hypotension, blood flows to the myocardium,
      liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and skeletal muscle were maintained at
      control levels. NTG increased myocardial blood flow (P less than 0.05), while SNP
      decreased blood flow to brain (P less than 0.05) and kidneys (P less than 0.01).
      Both drugs decreased blood flow to the spleen (P less than 0.001). Our results
      indicate that during the first few minutes of NTG-induced hypotension, blood
      flows to all organs except the spleen are well-maintained, while the first few
      minutes of SNP-induced hypotension are associated with decreases in blood flow to
      brain and kidneys as well as to the spleen.

PMID- 6424510
TI  - Expiratory valve dysfunction in a semiclosed circle anesthesia circuit-
      verification by analysis of carbon dioxide waveform.

PMID- 6424511
TI  - Acid-base interactions with noradrenaline-induced contractile response of the
      rabbit isolated aorta.
AB  - The effect of acidosis and alkalosis on vascular smooth muscle contractions
      evoked by noradrenaline was studied. Helical strips of rabbit aorta were mounted
      for isometric tension recording. Acidosis (pH 7.24-6.51) was obtained by either
      increasing the PCO2 (hypercapnic) and/or lowering the HCO3-concentration
      (hypobicarbonatic). Acidosis shifted the noradrenaline concentration-response
      curve to the right in a competitive manner. The maximal developed tension was
      unchanged at pH 7.24-6.90 and decreased by 30% at pH 6.51. Alkalosis (pH 7.61
      8.04) did not alter noradrenaline-evoked contractions. The results suggest that
      hydrogen ions during acidosis (pH less than 7.40) but not during alkalosis (pH
      greater than 7.40) exert alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties.

PMID- 6424512
TI  - Nitrous oxide markedly increases cerebral cortical metabolic rate and blood flow
      in the goat.
AB  - Studies to date on the influence of N2O on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and
      metabolism in dogs, rodents, and humans have produced conflicting results. In the
      present study the authors have employed techniques in the awake, freely breathing
      nonstressed goat that allowed the authors to 1) serially obtain rapidly frozen
      cerebral cortical biopsy specimens (for labile metabolite assay) and 2) measure
      changes in cerebral O2 metabolism (CMRO2) and total and regional CBF (rCBF).
      Thus, with each animal utilized as its own control, the authors studied N2O
      effects on the above variables. Two determinations of the effects of 1 h of N2O
      (70% via a mask) on these variables were performed on each animal. Following
      introduction of N2O, PaCO2 and arterial blood pressure did not change, but
      arterial epinephrine levels declined over the 60-min period. Total CBF increased
      in the first 5 min of N2O exposure, reached a maximum of 165% control at 15 min,
      and then decreased to 143% control at 60 min. rCBF evaluations showed that much
      of this CBF increase was confined to cerebral cortical structures (188-246%
      control at 60 min). Over the same period cortical CMRO2 increased to 170% of
      control. No appreciable changes in the levels of high-energy phosphates or
      glycolytic intermediates were found at 60 min of N2O. The authors attribute the
      described changes solely to the presence of N2O and not to sympathoadrenal
      influences, altered ventilation, or anything related to the experimental
      preparation, and they conclude that N2O (at least in goats) is associated with a
      marked cerebral cortical "activation".

PMID- 6424513
TI  - Preventive insulin administration for myocardial protection in cardiac surgery.
AB  - The object of this study was to determine whether high doses of insulin
      administered preventively in combination with glucose and potassium exert a
      protective effect upon the myocardium. This approach should result in a
      preoperative accumulation of the myocardial glycogen stores with an increased
      anaerobic provision of energy-rich substrates (ATP) during coronary ischemia. Two
      comparable groups of seven dogs each, undergoing experimental extracorporeal
      circulation (ECC) with 90-min aortic cross-clamping were examined. Cardiac output
      (CO), systolic left ventricular blood pressure (pventr), left ventricular
      enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP), mean central venous pressure (CVP), and heart rate
      (HR) were recorded at left atrial (LA) pressures of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmHg in
      order to construct ventricular function curves. These data were registered prior
      to the onset of ECC (preischemic value), after termination of ECC and after two
      10-min periods of reperfusion. The first group served as control and the second
      group received high iv doses of insulin (total 25 U/kg) within 60 min prior to
      the onset of the ECC. In the control group, pventr and CO after termination of
      the ECC and after the first reperfusion were significantly (P less than 0.05)
      less than the preischemic values; after the second reperfusion they reached the
      preischemic range. In contrast, pventr and CO in the insulin group already were
      within the preischemic range at the termination of the ECC. After the first and
      the second reperfusion, CO was even greater than the preischemic value. LVEDP
      changed inversely, while CVP and HR showed no significant differences.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424514
TI  - Verapamil worsens rate of development and hemodynamic effects of acute
      hyperkalemia in halothane-anesthetized dogs: effects of calcium therapy.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of verapamil pretreatment versus no pretreatment were
      evaluated in five acutely hyperkalemic dogs. Using ECG evidence for severe
      hyperkalemia, the halothane-anesthetized dogs were rendered acutely hyperkalemic
      to similar plasma levels of K+ (K+ = 8.2 +/- 0.8 mEq/l verapamil plus
      hyperkalemia, K+ = 9.4 +/- 0.2 mEq/l hyperkalemic controls). The verapamil
      hyperkalemic group had significantly lower cardiac indexes (CI) (CI = 1.3 +/- 0.5
      1 X min-1 X m-2 verapamil plus hyperkalemia vs. CI = 3.0 +/- 0.2 1 X min-1 X m-2
      hyperkalemic controls) and lower mean arterial pressures (MAP = 60 +/- 13 mmHg
      verapamil plus hyperkalemia vs. MAP = 96 +/- 7 mmHg hyperkalemic controls).
      Calcium therapy for hyperkalemia that returned CI to control levels in
      hyperkalemic controls only partially reversed the severe hemodynamic depression
      and did not improve the AV block seen during hyperkalemia in the presence of the
      calcium entry blocker verapamil. Surprisingly, the total mEq of KCl infused at
      the same rate into verapamil-pretreated dogs to result in similar high serum
      potassium levels was only one-third that required in dogs not pretreated with
      verapamil (1.6 +/- 0.3 mEq/kg KCl in verapamil-hyperkalemia group vs. 5.0 +/- 0.7
      mEq/kg KCl in hyperkalemic controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424515
TI  - Renovascular hypertension: effect of halothane and enflurane.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were anesthetized at 6 weeks of age and a silver clip placed
      around the renal artery to produce renovascular hypertension. The rats were
      allowed to grow on a normal sodium diet for the next 6-9 weeks. Using diethyl
      ether anesthesia, arterial and venous cannulae were placed and the animals
      allowed to awaken in restraining cages. The group of rats was divided into three
      groups: awake (n = 7), halothane 1.3 vol% (n = 9), and enflurane 2.2 vol% (n =
      8). The protocol consisted of a 1-h control awake period, 1 h of stable
      anesthesia (one group received no anesthesia), and 30-min iv infusion of
      saralasin, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II. Plasma renin activity (PRA)
      and plasma catecholamines were measured after 1 h of stable anesthesia and after
      the saralasin infusion. In additional rats treated identically, radiolabelled
      microspheres were used to measure cardiac output and regional blood flows during
      halothane (n = 7) or enflurane (n = 6) anesthesia. Principal responses were as
      follows: mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 193 +/- 4 mmHg awake and decreased to
      114 +/- 3 mmHg and 135 +/- 3 mmHg with halothane and enflurane, respectively.
      Saralasin decreased MAP in the awake group to 176 +/- 3 mmHg and to 69 +/- 3 mmHg
      and 96 +/- 5 mmHg with halothane and enflurane, respectively. PRA in the awake
      rats was 7.24 +/- 1.3 ng X ml-1 X h-1. PRA increased with halothane but decreased
      with enflurane. Plasma catecholamines were decreased markedly by saralasin and by
      both anesthetic agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424516
TI  - The effects of nitrous oxide administration in the healthy elderly: N2O
      elimination and alveolar CO2.
AB  - Healthy young and elderly males were administered sedative concentrations of
      nitrous oxide/oxygen (N(2)O/O(2)) under a protocol designed to mimic that used in
      a dental operatory. Samples of end-tidal expired gas were taken at the end of 30
      minutes inhalation of, and periodically for 70 minutes after withdrawal from,
      nitrous oxide/oxygen. Samples were analyzed to monitor the decline of alveolar
      nitrous oxide levels and any changes in alveolar carbon dioxide levels, to
      determine if there were any age-related differences. The fall in alveolar N(2)O
      following cessation of administration was rapid, and in a double-exponental
      manner as was expected. No age-related difference in N(2)O decline was observed.
      Alveolar carbon dioxide (CO(2)) levels were lower and more variable in the
      elderly group. Both groups exhibited elevated CO(2) levels at the end of the
      N(2)O period, and an unexplained rise in CO(2) at approximately 30 min post
      N(2)O.

PMID- 6424517
TI  - [Postoperative continuous or cyclic total parenteral nutrition].
AB  - In patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated by total parenteral nutrition
      (TPN), the incidence of TPN-induced cholestasis may be reduced by discontinuous
      (cyclic) TPN. In order to test this statement, a prospective trial was carried
      out in which 21 selected adults requiring at least 12 day postoperative nutrition
      were randomly allocated to two groups: continuous vs cyclic TPN. The efficiency,
      evaluated on nitrogen balance and prealbumin levels, was no different. Those
      patients undergoing cyclic-TPN needed more insulin in the first four
      postoperative days. The incidence of biological cholestasis was the same in the
      two groups. This prospective study gave strong evidence against the potential
      benefit of cyclic rather than continuous TPN in postoperative patients.
      Nonetheless, additional prospective trials using larger patient populations and
      greater lengths of TPN are needed to confirm these findings.

PMID- 6424518
TI  - [Severe hypophosphoremia in a patient on parenteral nutrition with phosphorus
      enrichment].
AB  - A twenty-four year old patient showed severe hypophosphataemia after emergency
      surgery for colectasia. A critical study of the case isolated the factors which
      had favoured the development of this metabolic complication. The necessity for
      great care in the nutrition of emaciated patients as well as that of a phosphorus
      supply adapted to the metabolic status of the patient were emphasized. Frequent
      measurement of serum phosphate was recommended for patients undergoing
      intravenous hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6424519
TI  - Rabbit small intestinal beta-galactosidases.
AB  - The beta-galactosidase activities of the rabbit small intestinal mucosa were
      studied over the pH range of 2.6 to 8.4, using different substrates, and in the
      presence or absence of the enzyme inhibitor p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. The
      results indicated the presence of 4 beta-galactosidases: (i) a neutral beta
      galactosidase (lactase) with optimum pH of 5.8, (ii) an acid beta-galactosidase I
      with optimum pH of 3.4, (iii) an acid beta-galactosidase II with optimum pH of
      4.6, and (iv) a hetero beta-galactosidase with pH optimum of 7.6. Seemingly, 3 of
      these beta-galactosidases were comparable with those in other mammals, and the
      4th has not been reported in other species.

PMID- 6424520
TI  - Ventilatory regulation in eucapnic morbid obesity.
AB  - In morbid obesity, there is an increased hindrance to breathing caused by the
      effects of the increased mass on the chest wall and abdomen; subjects with morbid
      obesity can maintain eucapnia by increasing inspiratory neuromuscular drive
      and/or by altering central breath timing. We studied 23 eucapnic, obese subjects
      (greater than 190% predicted ideal weight), 7 males and 16 females with a mean
      age of 36.6 +/- 9.2 yr and 18 healthy, normal male subjects. Total lung capacity,
      functional residual capacity, and total thoracic compliance were significantly (p
      less than 0.05) reduced in the obese subjects. At rest, minute ventilation was
      significantly increased because of an increase in respiratory frequency, which in
      turn was due to a significant decrease in the expiratory time (TE) per breath;
      the ratio of inspiratory to expiratory time (TI/TE) was thus significantly
      altered, indicating an alteration in central breath timing. Resting inspiratory
      neuromuscular drive (as represented by mouth occlusion pressure) was
      significantly increased in the obese subjects, but tidal volume was not
      significantly altered. There was an increased ventilatory responsiveness to
      hypoxia and relatively decreased ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia in the
      obese subjects. These results indicate that morbidly obese subjects maintain
      eucapnia primarily by an alteration in central breath timing. Although these
      subjects have decreased responsiveness to CO2, putting them at some risk of
      developing respiratory failure under conditions of hypercapnic/hypoxic stress, it
      is possible that this is counteracted by the increased responsiveness to hypoxia.

PMID- 6424521
TI  - Effect of kerosene heater emissions on indoor air quality and pulmonary function.
AB  - We monitored sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in 14
      suburban homes while modern kerosene heaters were operating. Mean concentrations
      were 7 parts per million (PPM) CO and 0.4 PPM SO2. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were
      significantly increased (p less than 0.0001), but performance on spirometric
      tests was not worsened by exposure to heater emissions in the 29 healthy
      residents of these homes. Our monitoring data agrees closely with predictions
      based on computer modeling and data from an environmental chamber study. Although
      we found no definite hazard for normal individuals, the concentration of either
      SO2 or CO exceeded standards for outdoor air quality in 8 of the 14 homes.
      Moreover, the SO2 concentrations we measured are sufficient to induce
      bronchospasm in some asthmatics. People with asthma should be informed of this
      risk.

PMID- 6424522
TI  - [GM1 gangliosidosis, type I, Landing's disease. Presentation of a case and review
      of the literature].
AB  - A case of type 1 GM1 gangliosidosis, also called Norman-Landing disease is
      reported. The patient' was a nine months old boy who presented psychomotor
      retardation since birth, coarse facies, hepatomegaly and macular cherry red spot.
      Roentgenographic findings were those of dysostosis multiplex. Bone marrow smear
      showed type 1 Gasser's cells, as it occurs in the storage diseases. The infant
      presented a severe B-galactosidase deficiency and died at the age of ten months.
      Recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis and future therapy are discussed.

PMID- 6424523
TI  - Long-term care of the elderly. Health and Public Policy Committee, American
      College of Physicians.

PMID- 6424524
TI  - The adhesins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. pneumoniae.
AB  - The growth of M. gallisepticum was monitored in regard to their capacity to
      haemagglutinate. The maximal potential was with cells grown for about 22 h. M.
      gallisepticum, like M. pneumoniae, possess a Triton shell intracellular
      filamentous structure which is revealed by exposing the cells to a relatively low
      concentration of Triton-X100. The adhesin of M. gallisepticum was partially
      purified on sialoglycopeptide conjugated to Sepharose-4B. The adhesin fraction
      was primarily composed of one polypeptide of about 75,000 molecular weight.

PMID- 6424525
TI  - Respiratory tract organ cultures to assay attachment and pathogenicity of
      mycoplasmas.
AB  - A comparison of various in vitro models of respiratory tissue is presented.
      Tracheal ring explant cultures can be readily infected with M. pneumoniae. A
      decrease in vigor and extent of ciliary beating becomes apparent 24-48 h after 60
      min exposure to 10(7) cfu of mycoplasmas. Cytotoxicity can be substantiated with
      assays of dehydrogenase activity, ATP content and oxygen uptake. For studies of
      pathogen attachment, perfusion culture of intact tracheas offers a distinct
      advantage over tracheal-ring explants. A greater proportion of the pathogen
      uptake is mediated by specific receptor sites because artificial cut surfaces are
      eliminated. Such matrix-embed/perfusion cultures have been used to assay the
      effectiveness of mycoplasma interactions with receptor site preparations. Triton
      X-100 effectively solubilizes glycoproteins which will bind with M. pneumoniae.
      Perfusion culture has also been used to study the synthesis and secretion of
      mucous glycoprotein by the respiratory epithelium.

PMID- 6424526
TI  - Competitive inhibition and attachment assays in cell cultures to detect
      pathogenic binding components of mycoplasmas: a review.
AB  - A microattachment assay for quantitating adherence of radiolabelled Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae to human WiDr cell culture monolayers is described. Preincubating the
      WiDr cell monolayers with a protein-rich extract of M. pneumoniae inhibited the
      subsequent attachment of radiolabelled organisms. Competitive attachment
      inhibition provided a quantitative procedure to determine M. pneumoniae-binding
      components in the extract. The microattachment assays also measured attachment
      inhibition by the sialoglycoconjugates ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid and
      gangliosides, indicating that these reagents may be structural analogues of the
      mammalian cell receptor. Attachment of virulent M. pneumoniae strains to
      glutaraldehyde-treated monolayers was reduced approximately 60% and showed a
      different temperature dependence compared with untreated cells. These results
      suggest that maximal attachment of virulent M. pneumoniae may require two or more
      different receptors and binding components.

PMID- 6424527
TI  - Insect cell cultures in the study of attachment and pathogenicity of spiroplasmas
      and mycoplasmas.
AB  - The insect cell lines Dm-1 (Drosophila melanogaster), AS-2 (Aceratagallia
      sanguinolenta) and AC-20 (Agallia constricta) were infected with spiroplasmas,
      mycoplasmas and Acholeplasma laidlawii. In Dm-1 cultures maintained at 25 degrees
      C in M1A medium, all strains multiplied except M. hyorhinis and the uncultivable
      sex-ratio organism. Spiroplasma citri R8A2, S. floricola BNR-1 and OBMG, S. apis
      PPS-1 and the strains BC-3, corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) and 277F produced
      cytopathogenic effects (CPE), whereas S. mirum SMCA, M. orale, M. arginini and A.
      laidlawii did not. Cytadsorption was found with the cultivable spiroplasmas and
      A. laidlawii. At 30 degrees C SMCA, M. orale, M. arginini and A. laidlawii killed
      the Dm-1 cultures. M. hyorhinis grew without any CPE. In AS-2 and AC-20 cultures
      grown at 28 degrees C in LB medium, R8A2, B88, 277F, BNR-1 and PPS-1 multiplied
      and reached titres of 2 X 10(8) to 4 X 10(9) CFU/ml. They produced CPE leading to
      culture death. CSS did not grow. R8A2 reached higher titres in AS-2 cultures than
      in fresh LB medium. This stimulating factor was studied by means of conditioned
      medium. All 6 spiroplasmas cytadsorbed to AS-2 and AC-20 cells. B88 and 277F
      adsorbed heavily, while the other 4 strains adsorbed only slightly. Fluorescent
      DNA staining with "Hoechst 33258" revealed the presence of non-helical forms
      inside the cells.

PMID- 6424528
TI  - Adenosine phosphorylase activity as a technique for detection of mycoplasmas in
      biological media.
AB  - The importance of cell culture contamination by mycoplasmas is well recognized,
      but the means used to detect such contamination still need improvement. Most
      mycoplasmas possess an enzyme, adenosine phosphorylase, which is not found in
      cell lines. We used the ultramicromethod of Uitendaal et al. to detect the
      presence of mycoplasmas in sera and in tissue culture medium. The absence of
      adenosine phosphorylase activity seems to be the best guarantee that a serum is
      not contaminated by mycoplasmas. This test is also most efficient for the
      detection of mycoplasmas in tissue or cell cultures in vitro.

PMID- 6424529
TI  - From clonal selection to immune networks: induction of silent idiotypes.

PMID- 6424530
TI  - Idiotypes of anti-major histocompatibility complex antibodies.
AB  - Our studies to date indicate that treatment with anti-idiotype to monoclonal anti
      MHC antibodies can markedly influence the repertoire of anti-MHC antibodies
      expressed. The antibodies discussed here appear to represent two classes, one of
      which is public, probably representing expression of a germ line gene, and the
      second of which probably represents either a somatic variant of a germ line gene
      or one of a very large number of germ line genes devoted to the same specificity.
      In either case, this class of idiotype arises only rarely following antigen, but
      is readily induced by anti-idiotype treatment. There may indeed exist a third
      class of anti-MHC monoclonal antibodies representing distant somatic
      diversification from a germ line gene. Our only indication of this so far is that
      certain idiotypes are only induced after multiple boosts with anti-idiotypes
      rather than a single treatment. This finding, however, may reflect again the
      enormous number of different ways in which anti-MHC antibodies to the same
      nominal specificity can be produced. Finally, our results in adoptive transfer
      systems indicate that manipulation of idiotype expression by anti-idiotype
      treatment probably involves a complex pathway of cellular interactions. If, as we
      expect, these intercellular interactions involve idiotype and/or anti-idiotypic
      receptors, they should provide a model for mechanistic studies of the in vivo
      immune network.

PMID- 6424531
TI  - Idiotypy of clonal responses of mice to influenza B virus hemagglutinin.

PMID- 6424532
TI  - Structural correlates of idiotypy in the arsonate system.

PMID- 6424533
TI  - Idiotype-anti-idiotype network. III. Genetic control of activation of A48Id
      silent clones subsequent to manipulation of the immune network.

PMID- 6424534
TI  - Immunopharmacological properties of tuftsin and of some analogues.

PMID- 6424535
TI  - Acquired tuftsin deficiency.

PMID- 6424536
TI  - Potentiation of antitumor activity of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine by the
      immunomodulating peptide tuftsin.

PMID- 6424537
TI  - Gas scavenging during bronchoscopy under general anesthesia.
AB  - Prevention of exposure of the endoscopist to high levels of anesthetic gases
      during bronchoscopy was attempted experimentally in dogs by a scavenging system.
      Results were compared with exposure during the conventional technique of
      anesthetic gas administration for clinical bronchoscopy using the rigid open
      ventilating bronchoscope. The scavenging system consisted of a vacuum pump
      applied to the open ventilating rigid bronchoscope sidearm connection during
      intratracheal administration of nitrous oxide, , oxygen, and halothane gas
      mixture. Gas samples were taken from the trachea, the proximal end of the
      bronchoscope, and the endoscopist's breathing zone, and analyzed by gas
      chromatography. Findings indicate that halothane anesthesia for bronchoscopy
      administered by conventional techniques is a source of air pollution in the
      operating room and exposes the endoscopist to subanesthetic levels of halothane
      that may affect psychomotor functioning. The use of the gas scavenging system
      lowered the concentrations of halothane and nitrous oxide at the endoscopist's
      breathing zone to a level at which inhalation for short periods has no clinical
      effects, while the concentrations of the anesthetics and oxygen in the trachea
      were maintained at a satisfactory level.

PMID- 6424538
TI  - Technique of laryngeal photography.
AB  - Many techniques for photography during direct laryngoscopic examination have been
      described over the years. At present the best quality laryngeal photographs are
      obtained using a modern 35-mm single-lens reflex camera with the Hopkins
      telescopes and a synchronized electronic flash generator. This versatile system
      gives consistently reliable results.

PMID- 6424539
TI  - Barany's History of Vestibular Physiology. Translation and commentary.

PMID- 6424540
TI  - [Early jejunal feeding by transanastomotic catheter after cephalic
      duodenopancreatectomy. 75 cases].

PMID- 6424541
TI  - On the reliability of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in routine clinical acid
      base chemistry.
AB  - This paper deals with the variability of the practical coefficient of the first
      ionisation equilibrium of carbonic acid as related to the CO2 in the liquid phase
      (Henderson-Hasselbalch equation) (Formula: see text) and that of the practical
      coefficient of the first ionisation equilibrium of carbonic acid as related to
      the CO2 in the gas phase (modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation) (Formula: see
      text).

PMID- 6424542
TI  - Thyroxine and thyroxine-binding globulin: discriminant formulae for the
      separation of the diagnostic classes of thyroid function.
AB  - The biochemical classification of thyroid functional status is often accomplished
      by the use of the thyroxine to thyroxine-binding globulin (T4:TBG) ratio. It has
      recently been shown, however, that the reference range of the T4:TBG ratio varies
      with the concentration of TBG. This makes the T4:TBG ratio an unwieldy diagnostic
      index. A more accurate and economical way to define thyroid function using T4 and
      TBG measurements is by linear discriminant formulae. This is so because T4 varies
      linearly with TBG at the T4 reference limits over a wide range of TBG
      concentrations. Using the T4 reference ranges established by Attwood and Atkin
      (Ann Clin Biochem 1982; 19: 101-3), the following formulae are obtained: T4
      (nmol/l)--4.05 TBG (mg/l) greater than 94.5 indicates hyperthyroidism; T4
      (nmol/l)--2.72 TBG (mg/l) less than 23.8 identifies hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6424543
TI  - A carbodiimide-assisted coupling of albumin to agarose.

PMID- 6424544
TI  - The elusive cystic fibrosis protein.

PMID- 6424545
TI  - Immunochemical assays for immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6424546
TI  - Immunological and biochemical characterization of the human alcohol dehydrogenase
      chi-ADH isozyme.
AB  - The recently identified chi-ADH isozyme was purified from human liver and used to
      raise immune sera. The chi form of ADH showed no structural resemblance to the
      ADH1, ADH2 and ADH3 (class I) or ADH4 (class II) isozymes, as judged by its
      immunological properties. chi-ADH was found in most human tissues including fetal
      specimens of 16 weeks gestational age and showed a preference for long chain
      primary alcohols with a double bond in the beta position. We conclude that the
      locus, designated ADH5, encoding the chi isozyme has a separate evolutionary
      origin from the other ADH genes.

PMID- 6424547
TI  - Anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies with a preferred reactivity for either PC or PC
      phenyl represent independent expressions.
AB  - Anti-hapten antibodies to phosphorylcholine(PC)-conjugated proteins can be
      divided into antibodies reacting preferentially with PC (group I) or with PC
      phenyl (group II). We have selected two hybridomas producing group II-type anti
      PC antibodies of the IgM and IgE classes, respectively. With one exception, NH2
      terminal amino acid sequence analyses of the light chains are identical in their
      first 21 residues and similar to that of M460, but differ from that of group I
      type light chains. These results suggest that PC-phenyl-specific group II
      antibodies are expressed independently of PC-specific group I antibodies.

PMID- 6424548
TI  - An attempt to correlate an idiotype with antibody structure.
AB  - The expression of different idiotypic families encountered in the anti
      phosphorylcholine antibodies depends on the association of a heavy chain with one
      of the VL sub-families. Manipulation of the response by idiotypic suppression
      leads to formation of a T15cr family whose structural correlates are analysed by
      determination of the mRNA sequence of hybridoma heavy and light chains.

PMID- 6424549
TI  - The adaptable somatic repertoire.
AB  - Somatic mutation introduces singles nucleotide substitutions in and around the
      rearranged kappa variable gene, Vk167, but not the constant gene. The high
      frequency of mutations is most easily explained by a mechanism of error-prone
      repair which occurs during several cycles of cell division. Mutations may
      accumulate with time after joining of the V- and J-gene segments because IgG and
      IgA antibodies contain more amino acid substitutions than IgM antibodies. Many
      variant anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies have a higher affinity for antigen than
      their germ-line-encoded counterparts.

PMID- 6424550
TI  - Structure and genetic control of V kappa-1 light chains.

PMID- 6424551
TI  - Crossing-over frequency in the Igh region of the mouse genome.
AB  - An analysis of recombinations between strains C57BL and BALB/c at the Igh locus
      suggest that only strains B X D20 and B X D27 recombined in this region. This
      implies that the maps of Igh markers in strains C57BL, DBA/2 and BALB/c resemble
      one another.

PMID- 6424552
TI  - The idiotypes of V kappa 21 light chains.

PMID- 6424553
TI  - Structural and serological analysis of cross-reactive idiotypes: comparison of
      heavy and light chain families of anti-arsonate antibodies.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of VH and VL regions of 16 cross-reactive idiotype
      positive (CRI+) and ten CRI-negative (CRI-) monoclonal anti-arsonate antibodies
      from a range of laboratories were compared. Analysis of the data demonstrates the
      existence of several pairs of hybridoma proteins (within CRI+ and CRI- families)
      which have identical or very similar sequences for VH and VL. This strongly
      suggests the existence of at least 4 germ-line genes in A/J mice coding for
      CRI+VH, CRI+VL, CRI-VH and CRI-VL regions. The CRI+ family, however, consists of
      VH structures which represent either (1) germ-line sequences, (2) VHVL variants
      with a few substitutions, or (3) VHVL variants with extensive substitutions. The
      latter two consist of antibodies which have lost either the CRI or arsonate
      binding capacities. The CRI- family consists of two very different groups. The
      first group appears to be the product of CRI- VHVL germ-line genes and their
      variants. The second group contains antibodies coded by CRI+ germ-line genes but
      which, due to somatic diversification, become CRI-. Comparison of VHVL of all
      anti-arsonate antibodies clearly indicates that light chain selection by the
      heavy chain is a non-random process. Also, there appears to be a parallel
      diversification of VH and VL. Comparative data on H and L chain structures and
      serological evidence obtained by three monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies
      indicates that formation of the original cross-reactive idiotypic determinant(s)
      requires an equal contribution for both H and L chains; moreover, CRI consists of
      a single (or few) idiotopes.

PMID- 6424554
TI  - Molecular analysis of the anti-GAT repertoire in three strains of mice.
AB  - GAT-specific antibodies which express the CGAT (or pGAT) public idiotypic
      specificities are encoded by a paucigene system. Antibodies expressing discrete
      specificities, i.e. anti-GAT and anti-NP, appeared to use the same VH germ-line
      genes, an observation which directly supports the importance of random H-L
      pairing to generate a large number of distinct antibody molecules.

PMID- 6424555
TI  - Decreased serum creatine kinase activity in patients receiving parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6424556
TI  - Hyperekplexia: a syndrome of pathological startle responses.
AB  - We describe a family and three sporadic cases of startle disease, or
      hyperekplexia. Sudden unexpected noises caused the patients to fall rigidly,
      often injuring themselves but retaining consciousness. This unusual entity
      differs from startle epilepsy and cataplexy. Clonazepam proved ineffective in
      three patients. Valproic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, or piracetam markedly reduced
      the abnormal startle in three patients.

PMID- 6424557
TI  - Operant conditioning and the modulation of cardiovascular function.
AB  - Operant learning appears to be one of the primary mechanisms underlying what
      cardiovascular and pulmonary physiologists have called adaptation, habituation,
      and central command. In general, studies that have attempted to use operant
      conditioning alone to create experimental models of behaviorally induced disease
      have been unsuccessful because the cardiovascular responses adapted or habituated
      over time. Thus, these studies have provided implicit demonstrations of the roles
      played by CNS and conditioning processes in achieving and preserving homeostasis.
      During the past few years those interested in behavioral contributions to
      cardiovascular pathology have therefore begun to look at interactions between
      behavior and other variables that might predispose organisms towards pathology
      (e.g. genetic background; excessive sodium intake). Perhaps even more promising
      has been the growth in the number of technically competent, well-controlled
      studies designed to investigate: (a) broad scientific questions of how
      behaviorally important processes such as learning and reinforcement interact with
      physiologically important variables such as blood flow redistribution and cardio
      pulmonary integration; and (b) the role of behavioral variables in CNS control of
      the circulation. Based upon our survey of the recent literature, we believe that
      the time is ripe for those interested in cardiovascular neurobiology increasingly
      to include behavioral variables in their studies, because the raison d'etre of
      the CNS is to optimize the organism's ability to interact with its environment.
      Only when these organismic-environmental interactions are studied both
      behaviorally and physiologically, in a broad biological context, will it be
      possible to develop rational models of neuro-circulatory regulation.

PMID- 6424558
TI  - The kallikrein-kinin system and the kidney.

PMID- 6424559
TI  - Variants of growth hormone and prolactin and their posttranslational
      modifications.

PMID- 6424560
TI  - Control of ventilation in the newborn.

PMID- 6424561
TI  - Peripheral and central chemoreceptors in the fetus and newborn.

PMID- 6424562
TI  - Incorporation of amino acid-derived carbon into tylactone by Streptomyces fradiae
      GS14.
AB  - Washed cells from 72-h cultures of Streptomyces fradiae GS14 were used to examine
      the distribution of radiolabel from 14C-amino acids and related compounds into
      tylactone, CO2, and cells. Test compounds were categorized according to products
      of their oxidative degradation. Those compounds known to produce propionyl
      coenzyme A by direct catabolic oxidation were designated as group I. Group II
      included those compounds oxidized to methylmalonyl-coenzyme A via succinyl
      coenzyme A and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Group III contained compounds known
      to be oxidized to acetoacetyl-coenzyme A. The total amount of label recovered
      after 60 min ranged from 3 to 65%. Although label from all test compounds except
      proline (group II) and lysine (group III) was incorporated into tylactone after
      60 min, label from group I and group III compounds was incorporated at levels
      five times greater than label from group II compounds. From 55 to 75% of the
      recovered label from propionate (I), asparagine (II), glutamine (II), glutamate
      (II), alpha-ketoglutarate (II), and succinate (II) was recovered as 14CO2. From
      75 to 95% of the recovered label from the remaining compounds tested was located
      in the cells. Based on the data, a pathway for the role of amino acids in the
      biosynthesis of tylactone is proposed.

PMID- 6424563
TI  - Common beta-lactamase-specifying plasmid in Haemophilus ducreyi and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Eighty-nine strains of Haemophilus ducreyi from a chancroid epidemic in Orange
      County, California, were examined for plasmid content. Seventy-eight (88%) of
      these isolates were found to contain a plasmid of 3.2 megadaltons which conferred
      beta-lactamase production. Restriction endonuclease digests indicated that this
      was the same plasmid that was found in some strains of beta-lactamase-producing
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6424564
TI  - Activity of penicillin-acylase-producing bacteria against alpha
      aminobenzylpenicillins.
AB  - A method has been developed for the chemical analysis of individual alpha
      aminobenzylpenicillin derivatives. This analytical procedure may conveniently be
      used to determine whether microorganisms possess penicillin acylases which show
      considerable activity against alpha-aminobenzylpenicillin derivatives. The method
      is not sufficiently sensitive to determine low levels of enzyme activity.
      Organisms known to produce penicillin acylases which are active against benzyl-
      or phenoxymethylpenicillin showed variable responses to alpha
      aminobenzylpenicillin substrates. A significant difference in activity profile
      was noted between the intracellular enzyme of Escherichia coli and the
      extracellular enzyme of Bacillus megaterium.

PMID- 6424565
TI  - Determinants of the microbiological characteristics of South Australian swimming
      pools.
AB  - A survey of 100 swimming pools has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of
      disinfection practices against various microorganisms and to check compliance
      with recommended chlorine levels and pH. Microbiological quality was assessed
      from densities of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      total colony counts, and the presence or absence of amoebae, including the
      pathogen Naegleria fowleri. Although a free chlorine residual of 1.0 mg/liter and
      a pH range of 7.0 to 7.6 are recommended by local health authorities, 41 pools
      had a lower free chlorine residual and 37 had a pH outside this range. Multiple
      logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of field
      measurements with the microbiological data. The analysis demonstrated a strong
      positive association of free chlorine with bacteriological quality and the
      absence of Naegleria spp. No other field measurement was predictive in this
      regard, although the absence of all amoebae was associated with a relatively low
      water temperature and pH. Using a mathematical model derived from this analysis,
      it was estimated that 99% of pools would have acceptable bacteriological quality
      and 94% would be free of Naegleria spp. at a free chlorine residual of 1.0
      mg/liter. However, at the mean water temperature (23 degrees C) and pH (7.5) seen
      in this study, other amoebae would still be detectable in 500-ml samples taken
      from 40% of pools at this chlorine level.

PMID- 6424566
TI  - Rutin-induced beta-glucosidase activity in Streptococcus faecium VGH-1 and
      Streptococcus sp. strain FRP-17 isolated from human feces: formation of the
      mutagen, quercetin, from rutin.
AB  - A fecal isolate, Streptococcus sp. strain FRP-17, and strain VGH-1 of
      Streptococcus faecium were shown to contain beta-glucosidases which converted
      rutin (quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucose-alpha-L-rhamnose) to quercetin and were
      active against o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucose. The activity against rutin could be
      measured by increased mutagenicity in the Ames assay or visualized on thin-layer
      chromatography plates. In both organisms, the beta-glucosidase activities were
      inducible by the addition of rutin to the growth media. Several closely related
      strains of Streptococcus spp. lacked any beta-glucosidase activity. In cell
      preparations of the active organisms, activities with rutin and o-nitrophenyl
      beta-D-glucose were optimal at pH 6.8 and could be enhanced by increasing the
      ionic strength of the assay system. At low ionic strengths, both quercetin and a
      new product (intermediate between the polarities of rutin and quercetin) were
      formed by the incubation of rutin with cell preparations of either active
      organism. This product disappeared with increased ionic strength, suggesting that
      it may be a reaction intermediate, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucose. These results
      suggest that the beta-glucosidase active against rutin and that active against o
      nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucose are the same.

PMID- 6424567
TI  - Stimulation of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin production by sorbic acid.
AB  - Aspergillus flavus grown on yeast extract-sucrose medium produced higher amounts
      of aflatoxin B1 in the presence of 0.025% sorbic acid than without this chemical
      with a maximum at 17 days of incubation. Addition of 0.05 to 0.0125% sorbic acid
      stimulated T-2 toxin production of Fusarium acuminatum cultures grown on maize
      meal. The highest amounts of the mycotoxin were detected in 14-day-old cultures
      containing 0.025% sorbic acid. It is assumed that certain amounts of sorbic acid
      near the minimal inhibitory concentration reduce the activity of the
      tricarboxylic acid cycle; this may lead to an accumulation of acetyl coenzyme A,
      which is an essential intermediate in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 and T-2
      toxin.

PMID- 6424568
TI  - Proliferation of Legionella pneumophila as an intracellular parasite of the
      ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis.
AB  - In a series of experiments, we have determined that Legionella pneumophila will
      proliferate as an intracellular parasite of the ciliated holotrich Tetrahymena
      pyriformis in sterile tap water at 35 degrees C. After 7 days of incubation,
      serpentine chains of approximately 10(3) L. pneumophila cells were observed
      throughout the cytoplasm of the protozoan infected initially with 1 to 30 L.
      pneumophila cells. The overall L. pneumophila population increased from ca. 1.0 X
      10(2) to ca. 5.0 X 10(4) cells per ml in the coculture within this time frame.
      The interactions between the protozoan and the bacterium appear to depend upon
      their concentrations as well as temperature of incubation. L. pneumophila did not
      multiply in sterile tap water alone, in suspensions of lysed T. pyriformis, or in
      cell-free filtrates of a T. pyriformis culture. In addition to establishing an
      ecological model, we found that addition of T. pyriformis to environmental
      specimens served as an enrichment method that improved isolation of legionella
      from the specimens.

PMID- 6424569
TI  - Role of calcium in acetylcholine-induced desensitization in dog thyroid slices.
AB  - Incubation of dog thyroid slices with 1 microM acetylcholine (ACH) for 3 h
      followed by a second 2-h incubation without it induces a diminution of
      stimulation of glucose oxidation by ACH during a third incubation of 45 min.
      Using a calcium-free medium during all incubations prevents the desensitization
      and reduces, but does not abolish, ACH stimulation of glucose oxidation. EGTA
      [ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid] (2 mM) added
      to the calcium-free medium in all incubations prevents both refractoriness and
      stimulation of glucose oxidation induced by ACH. Calcium depletion during the
      first incubation only, achieved by using EGTA and a calcium-free medium, also
      prevents refractoriness but not the augmentation of glucose oxidation caused by
      ACH. Incubation of thyroid slices with 1 microM ionophore A23817 during the 3-h
      first incubation decreases the stimulation of glucose oxidation induced by its
      readdition or by 1 microM ACH added for the first time in the third incubation.
      Ionophore-induced desensitization is not related to a cholinergic muscarinic
      receptor effect. Initial incubation of dog thyroid slices with 1 microM ACH
      diminishes the subsequent stimulation of glucose oxidation by 0.5 microM
      ionophore. However, the ACH-induced desensitization to ionophore can be overcome
      by a 10-fold increase in the amount of ionophore in the third incubation.
      Ionophore (1 microM) in the first incubation also induces refractoriness to
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (10 mU/ml)-stimulated glucose oxidation in the
      third incubation. In contrast, initial incubation of thyroid slices with TSH (25
      mU/ml) does not affect the stimulation of glucose oxidation by 0.5 microM
      ionophore added during the third incubation. These results suggest that increased
      intracellular calcium plays a major role in, or even mediates, ACH-induced
      desensitization in the thyroid gland.

PMID- 6424570
TI  - Genetic variation in the carbonic anhydrase isozymes of macaque monkeys. IV.
      Degradation by heat and proteolysis of normal and variant carbonic anhydrase
      isozymes of Macaca nemestrina.
AB  - Studies were undertaken on the heat denaturation and proteolytic degradation by
      alpha-chymotrypsin of the normal red cell carbonic anhydrase isozyme, CA II, and
      two electrophoretic variants of carbonic anhydrase I, CA Ia and CA Ib, of the
      pigtail macaque. The heat degradation results showed a difference of about 40
      fold in the rate constants between CA Ia and CA Ib, which is due to the marked
      thermostability of CA Ib compared to CA Ia. The enthalpies and entropies of
      activation were calculated from the heat denaturation constants. These values
      were compared, on enthalpy-entropy compensation plots, with those values
      previously determined for the human CA I and CA II isozymes. They were highly
      correlated and clearly fell into two distinct clusters, separated by about 200 kJ
      mol-1; one group comprising the macaque and human CA I isozymes and the other the
      CA II isozymes. The proteolytic degradation results showed that CA Ia is degraded
      about 2.5 times more rapidly than CA Ib by alpha-chymotrypsin. Thus, the
      characteristic 3/1 ratio of CA Ib/CA Ia in mature red cells could be accounted
      for by the greater susceptibility of CA Ia to degradation at some stage in red
      cell development.

PMID- 6424571
TI  - Enhanced degradation of cathepsin D synthesized in the presence of the threonine
      analog beta-hydroxynorvaline.
AB  - The threonine analog beta-hydroxynorvaline is an inhibitor of asparagine-linked
      glycosylation. In the presence of the analog human fibroblasts synthesized
      cathepsin D molecules containing two, one, or no oligosaccharides. The
      nonglycosylated cathepsin D precursor was but a minor species and was degraded
      within 45 min of its synthesis, presumably in the lumen of the endoplasmic
      reticulum. The polypeptides with one or two oligosaccharides were normally
      segregated into lysosomes and their proteolytic maturation was not affected. The
      stability of mature glycosylated and nonglycosylated cathepsin D polypeptides
      within the lysosomes, however, was markedly decreased. The recovery of cathepsin
      D polypeptides was increased in the presence of inhibitors of cysteine and
      aspartyl-proteinases. These data suggest that the absence of carbohydrate side
      chains in cathepsin D results in an enhancement of the degradation rate of the
      precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the replacement of threonine by beta
      hydroxynorvaline in an enhanced degradation of the mature cathepsin D in
      lysosomes.

PMID- 6424572
TI  - Studies on the rabbit proacrosin-acrosin system.
AB  - A single molecular form (Mr = 68,000 approx) of a homogeneous preparation of
      rabbit testis proacrosin (S. K. Mukerji and S. Meizel (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254,
      117;21-11728) was initially converted by autoactivation into an acrosin (Mr =
      68,000); both gave a single activity and protein bands with similar
      electrophoretic mobilities (Rm = 0.25) when subjected to polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis on 7.5% gel at pH 4.5. Two additional bands (Rm values of 0.395
      0.412 and 0.497-0.519, respectively) were noticeable only when proacrosin was
      activated further after attaining maximum activity. The slowest- and the fastest
      moving bands were separated into two acrosin activity peaks by Sephadex G-100 gel
      filtration chromatography on a calibrated column. The molecular weights of the
      two proteins, determined by rechromatography on the same column, was estimated to
      be 68,000 and 34,000, respectively. Also, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      disc gel electrophoresis of three acrosins gave protein bands which corresponded
      to molecular weights of approximately 68,000, 52,000, and 34,000, respectively.
      Electrophoresis data suggest that the loss of acrosin activity generally observed
      following prolonged activation of proacrosin is caused by self-aggregation of the
      Mr 34,000 form of acrosin. This property was not shown by Mr 68,000 acrosin.
      Initial acrosin (Mr = 68,000) was activated by divalent cations such as Ca2+ and
      Mg2+. The enzyme was inhibited by Zn2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, and sulfhydryl blockers such
      as 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and
      iodoacetate, apparently due to their reaction with one out of six titratable
      sulfhydryl groups per mole of acrosin. Probably Zn2+ is involved in acrosomal
      stabilization. The initial rabbit acrosin (Mr = 68,000) appears to be the major
      and most stable form, and is generated from proacrosin with little structural
      alteration. This may be the functionally active form which plays an essential
      role in mammalian fertilization.

PMID- 6424573
TI  - Isolation and characterization of proteinase inhibitor I from etiolated tobacco
      leaves.
AB  - Proteinase Inhibitor I was induced to accumulate in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum)
      leaves by placing plants in darkness for 10 days at 27 degrees C. The inhibitor
      was isolated using ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 chromatography,
      heating, and affinity chromatography with a chymotrypsin-Sepharose column.
      Inhibitor I was purified 232-fold with a yield of 34 mg from 2.5 kg of leaves.
      Affinity-purified tobacco Inhibitor I was shown to be homogeneous by gel
      electrophoresis in both nondissociating and dissociating buffers. The inhibitor
      has a molecular weight of 39,000 +/- 1000 determined by gel filtration and, like
      its potato and tomato counterparts, is composed of five subunits of molecular
      weight 8100. The tobacco Inhibitor I strongly inhibits chymotrypsin and weakly
      inhibits trypsin. The chemical, physical, and immunological properties of tobacco
      Inhibitor I indicate that it is structurally very similar to potato tuber
      Inhibitor I and tomato leaf Inhibitor I, although the synthesis and accumulation
      of the three inhibitors in their respective tissues are all under different
      developmental or environmental regulation.

PMID- 6424574
TI  - Inhibition of chymase activity by long chain fatty acids.
AB  - The activity of chymase was markedly inhibited by fatty acids with carbon chain
      lengths of 14-22 at doses greater than 0.02 microM, irrespective of the number of
      double bonds. Cis acids with a carbon chain length of 18, such as stearic acid,
      oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were potent inhibitors, whereas the
      trans isomer of oleic acid, elaidic acid, showed less inhibitory activity. The
      extent of inhibition by oleyl alcohol was almost the same as that by oleic acid,
      suggesting that the acid moiety itself was not necessary for the inhibition; but
      a fatty acid with a terminal functional amide, oleamide, showed little inhibitory
      activity. The inhibition was noncompetitive and was reversible, and the Ki value
      of oleic acid was 2.7 microM. Stearic acid and oleic acid inhibited all
      chymotrypsin-type serine endopeptidases tested. The ID50 values of these fatty
      acids for atypical mast cell protease were higher than those for the other
      chymotrypsin-type serine endopeptidases tested. Other proteases, such as papain,
      trypsin, collagenase, and carboxypeptidase A, except cathespin D, were not
      affected by stearic or oleic acid.

PMID- 6424575
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of castanospermine inhibition of alpha- and beta
      glucosidases.
AB  - Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is an indolizidine
      alkaloid that was isolated from the Australian plant, Castanospermum australe.
      This alkaloid was found to be a potent inhibitor of lysosomal alpha- and beta
      glucosidases. In this report, the mechanism of inhibition of amyloglucosidase (an
      exo-1,4-alpha-glucosidase) and almond emulsin beta-glucosidase was examined.
      Castanospermine proved to be a competitive inhibitor of amyloglucosidase at both
      pH 4.5 and 6.0 when assayed with the p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside. It was also
      a competitive inhibitor of almond emulsin beta-glucosidase at pH 6.5, but in this
      case previous studies had shown that inhibition was of the mixed type at pH 4.5
      to 5.0. Th pH of the incubation mixture had a marked effect on the inhibition.
      Thus, in all cases, castanospermine was a much better inhibitor at pH 6.0 to 6.5
      than it was at lower pH values. The pK for castanospermine was found to be 6.09,
      indicating that the alkaloid was probably more active in the unprotonated form.
      This was also suggested by the fact that the N-oxide of castanospermine, while
      still a competitive inhibitor, was 50 to 100 times less active than was
      castanospermine, and its activity was not markedly altered by pH. These results
      probably explain why castanospermine is a good inhibitor of the glycoprotein
      processing enzyme, glucosidase I, since this is a neutral enzyme.

PMID- 6424576
TI  - Cell-free translation of mouse liver mRNA coding for two forms of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase.
AB  - Mouse liver poly(A) RNA, when translated in vitro, produced two forms of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase with molecular weights of approximately 50,000 and 54,000
      (designated GTm1 and GTm2, respectively). These forms were identified by antibody
      prepared against GTm1. The mRNA coding for GTm1 was preferentially increased
      twofold after treatment of mice with 3-methylcholanthrene, while GTm2 mRNA was
      unaffected. Phenobarbital, however, increased the translatable levels of the
      mRNAs coding for both proteins approximately twofold. GTm1 was shown to be
      glycosylated during translation in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes.
      This was reflected by a decrease in mobility of the protein in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as compared to GTm1 translated in the absence of
      microsomes. Further evidence for glycosylation in vivo was demonstrated by an
      increase in the mobility of GTm1 immunoadsorbed from microsomes treated with
      endoglycosidase H. In contrast, GTm2 was unmodified. This apparent difference in
      the state of glycosylation may reflect a difference in the transmembrane
      distribution of these two enzyme forms, and hence play an important role in
      determining the type of aglycone glucuronidated and its route of removal from the
      cell.

PMID- 6424577
TI  - [Chromosome translocations and the activation of C-myc oncogene in mouse
      plasmacytomas].
AB  - Plasmacytomas can be induced in BALB/c mice by three different agents: (1)
      Mineral oil, (2) Solid plastics such as diffusion chambers, and (3) Abelson
      murine leukemia virus plus pristane. We examined chromosome aberrations in mouse
      plasmacytomas induced by each of the three agents. Most of plasmacytomas showed
      the specific translocations of chromosomes between either No. 12 and No. 15 or
      No. 6 and No. 15. These chromosome translocations were common to all
      plasmacytomas induced by different agents. The specific breakpoints were at 12F2
      where IgH genes appear to locate, and 6C2 where kappa light chain genes might be
      located, and 15D2/3 where c-myc oncogene appears to locate. However, we have
      found very recently a few plasmacytomas which have no translocations of
      chromosomes. The subregion (s) of one copy of chromosome 15 which is called D1:D2
      appears to be deleted in these plasmacytomas. In the next study, we examined the
      relationship of chromosomal aberrations to the activation of c-myc oncogene. Not
      only the plasmacytomas with chromosome translocations, but also the translocation
      negative plasmacytomas showed the either rearrangement or germline type of c-myc
      DNA. Rearranged c-myc transcript was found only in plasmacytomas with the 12;15
      translocation. However, not all plasmacytomas belonging to this group expressed
      the altered c-myc RNA transcript. Our experiments indicated that the germline
      type c-myc RNA was 2.4 kb and the rearranged c-myc RNA was mostly 1.8 kb in
      length. Concerning the c-myc DNA, the germline type was 21 kb and the rearranged
      type of c-myc DNA was estimated, mostly, to be 14 kb by EcoRI digestion.

PMID- 6424578
TI  - [Molecular mechanism of erythroid differentiation in mouse Friend cells].
AB  - The mechanism of in vitro erythroid differentiation in mouse Friend cells was
      studied by employing cell fusion between two genetically marked Friend cells and
      other nonerythroid cells. Erythroid differentiation was induced indirectly by
      fusing Friend cells that had been exposed briefly to dimethyl sulfoxide prior to
      fusion with nonerythroid cells that had been treated with ultraviolet light(or
      other DNA-damaging agents). The results suggest that two distinct reactions are
      involved in erythroid differentiation in Friend cells in vitro. One reaction,
      originating from the damaged DNA (or inhibition of DNA replication as a
      consequence), exhibits an inducible nature, is nonspecific to Friend cells, and
      is trans-acting. The other reaction is specific to Friend cells. Evidence that a
      typical tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, inhibits erythroid
      differentiation by affecting the latter reaction is also presented. Brief
      exposure of Friend cells to DMSO was found to induce an early cellular activity
      required fusion for erythroid differentiation which is detected only by with UV
      irradiated cells. The induction process of this activity consists of at least two
      distinct stages. In the first stage, the reaction proceeds without supply of
      metabolites from the medium and exhibits sensitivity to tumor promoters. The
      second stage is closed involved with cellular metabolic activity, notably protein
      synthesis. Under normal conditions, the induced activity is short-lived,
      suggesting that turnover of the molecules responsible for this activity. There
      appears to be a signal produced following DMSO pulse which acts as an inducer for
      this activity. The signal remains active as long as 40 hr when protein synthesis
      is blocked. When permeabilized Friend cells, which had been briefly treated by
      DMSO, were exposed to cell-free extracts from UV irradiated cells, a small but
      significant number of the cells became reactive to benzidine, a characteristic of
      erythroid differentiation. The activity in the extracts was apparently induced
      following UV irradiation, reaching a maximum 25 to 30 hr after irradiation. After
      partial purification, the active factor seems to be a protein with a molecular
      weight of 35,000 to 40,000.

PMID- 6424579
TI  - [Chemical modification of anticancer agents from viewpoints of their
      pharmacokinetics].
AB  - Many derivatives modifying chemical structures have been synthesized from several
      drugs. These include following antibiotics: adriamycin; 4'-epiadriamycin, THP
      adriamycin, demethoxy-daunomycin, aclacinomycin, mitomycin C; 7N-(p
      hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C, bleomycin; peplomycin, oilbleomycin,
      neocarzinostatin; macromomycin, and following antimetabolites: 5-FU; tegafur,
      HCFU, 5'-DFUR, phthalidyl-5-FU, FUdR; TK-117, FF-705, Ara-C; behenoyl-Ara-C. Most
      derivatives of antibiotics were a low toxic type and showed a shorter
      distribution time and a rapid inactivation, except peplomycin and 4-demethoxy
      daunomycin. Antimetabolite derivatives were a masked type. They were activated to
      5-FU, FUdR or Ara-C and persisted for a long time in the body. The mode of
      activation and KADME varied each other. By considering these pharmacokinetic
      behaviors, a suitable method of administration should be established.

PMID- 6424580
TI  - [Clinical studies on induced hypertension chemotherapy based on functional
      characteristics of microcirculation of tumor vessels].
AB  - Selective increase in blood flow in tumor tissue by elevation of blood pressure
      induced with angiotensin II was observed, but no increase was noted in normal but
      tissue in rat. This result was found to be the cause of the lack of
      autoregulation of blood flow system in tumor tissue. This finding was clinically
      applied to cancer chemotherapy for enhancing drug delivery to tumor tissue
      selectively. Since 1978, clinical trials on induced hypertension chemotherapy
      (IHC) have been performed in 102 cases with various advanced cancers based on the
      results of animal experiments. A three-drug regimen with adriamycin, 5-FU and
      mitomycin C or adriamycin, vincristine and carboquone was mainly used in this
      study. Among 84 cases acceptable for evaluation, the treatment was evaluated as
      CR in 8 cases and PR in 33 cases. The overall response rate was 48.6%, and the
      response rate for carcinoma of the stomach was 50.0% (9/18). In the randomized
      controlled study, a marked enhancement of the clinical response rate for stomach
      cancer was observed as follows; 42.9% for IHC and 10.5% for the controls.
      Furthermore, the clinical response to IHC could dated earlier by this method. in
      earlier period after the onset of the treatment. From these results, it was
      concluded that IHC provides a new approach to cancer chemotherapy in method of
      its increase in drug delivery to tumor tissues selectively.

PMID- 6424581
TI  - [Regulation of enzyme activities involved in pyrimidine synthesis and its
      application to cancer chemotherapy].
AB  - We examined the enhancing effect of antitumor activity by co-administration of 5
      FU or its masked form (FT-207) with bases or nucleosides of purine and
      pyrimidine. It was found that the antitumor activity of 5-FU or FT-207 on sarcoma
      180 and AH-130 tumor was oral administration of uracil, deoxyuridine, uridine,
      thymine or thymidine. Uracil had more effect than other pyrimidine nucleotides in
      enhancing antitumor effect of these drug to FT-207 without toxicity. In contrast
      to the results with FT-207, co-administration of uracil with 5-FU increased its
      antitumor activity and also the toxicity of 5-FU. On the ther hand, no enhancing
      antitumor activity of dRib-1-P, Rib-1-P, Ado, Xao, Guo, Ino, dAdo, dIno and dGuo
      to FT-207 was observed. Concentration of 5-FU in the tumor, blood and various
      organs of AH-130-bearing rats after oral administration of clinical doses of FT
      270 and uracil was examined. On oral administration of FT-207 plus uracil in
      various combinations, the highest T/B (ratio of concentration of 5-FU in the
      tumor to that in blood) value was obtained at a ratio of uracil to FT-207 of 4.
      Moreover, it was found that 5-FU was mainly phosphorylated in the tumor tissues
      whereas it was mainly degraded in liver slices. Degradation of 5-FU in vitro was
      inhibited more by thymine than by uracil. Phosphorylation of 5-FU, however, was
      not inhibited by uracil, thymine or thymidine, even times the concentration of 5
      FU. These findings suggest that the enhancement of antitumor activity of 5-FU
      masked form is more important the inhibition of 5-FU degradation than the
      stimulation of 5-FU phosphorylation.

PMID- 6424582
TI  - [UFT-therapy and UFTM therapy--comparison of survivals in the patients with
      Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer treated either with UFTM-chemotherapy or
      operation].
AB  - First, UFT therapy was designed on the basis of pharmacokinetics of UFT for the
      treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Then, UFTM therapy was established in
      combination of UFT and mitomycin C. A total of 22 patients with Borrmann type 4
      gastric cancer were treated with UFTM therapy. clinical responses were observed
      in 15 patients out of 22, with a response rate of 68.2%. Survival time was
      compared between UFTM and surgical treatment in the patients with Borrmann type 4
      gastric cancer. As a result, no difference was observed between the two groups in
      the survivals. Accordingly, it was considered that there was no evidence which
      supports an alternative treatment of either UFTM or operation, except for the
      case of far-advanced gastric cancer.

PMID- 6424583
TI  - Intestinal permeability in the newborn.
AB  - Passive intestinal permeability in 33 newborn babies was studied using feeds
      containing lactulose and mannitol. Each marker is thought to pass across the gut
      wall by a different route; lactulose by a paracellular and mannitol by a
      transcellular pathway. Neither is metabolised and both are wholly and solely
      excreted by the kidney; urinary recovery is a measure of the intestinal uptake.
      Babies born before 34 weeks' gestation exhibited a higher intestinal permeability
      to lactulose than more mature babies, and all preterm babies showed an
      appreciable decline in lactulose absorption during the first week of oral feeds.
      Babies of 34 to 37 weeks' gestation achieved a 'mature' intestinal permeability
      to lactulose within four days of starting oral feeds. These findings may reflect
      the immaturity of the gut of the preterm baby rather than a process essential to
      adaptation to enteral nutrition.

PMID- 6424584
TI  - Human milk in the management of protracted diarrhoea of infancy.
AB  - Eleven of 13 children with the protracted diarrhoea syndrome of infancy were
      successfully treated with human milk. All the infants, who were severely
      malnourished, had deteriorated while fed on a wide range of highly modified
      formulas. Seven infants responded promptly with cessation of weight loss and
      diarrhoea; in four others, human milk was used to re-establish oral nutrition
      after a period of intravenous nutrition when all other measures had failed. Two
      children did not respond to human milk. Despite its high lactose content, human
      milk has nutritional and immunological properties that may reverse many of the
      factors thought to cause the protracted diarrhoea syndrome, and we conclude that
      it has an important role in management of this syndrome and may obviate the need
      for intravenous nutrition as a life saving measure.

PMID- 6424585
TI  - Enhanced intestinal permeability in preterm babies with bloody stools.
AB  - During a study of the intestinal permeability of newborn babies, three exhibited
      a sudden increase in lactulose absorption in association with the passage of
      bloody stools. An enhanced intestinal permeability may be an expression of the
      disruption of mucosal integrity in necrotising enterocolitis.

PMID- 6424586
TI  - Idiopathic apnoea of prematurity treated with doxapram and aminophylline.
AB  - Doxapram infusion was given to five preterm infants in whom therapeutic
      concentrations of theophylline had failed to control episodes of apnoea. Doxapram
      successfully controlled the apnoea, the arterial blood PCO2 value decreased
      significantly, and no side effects were reported.

PMID- 6424587
TI  - HLA DR antigens and disease expression in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Ninety-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis who possessed one or more of the
      HLA DR alloantigens 2, 3, or 4 were studied to investigate the genetic influence
      on disease severity and prognosis. In those with a disease duration of less than
      10 years radiological damage was less in patients with DR2 than in those without
      this antigen. When current joint scores were compared, patients with this antigen
      had less evidence of disease than patients with DR3 or 4, DR3 patients having the
      highest scores. The presence of nodules and Sjogren's syndrome were less common
      in the DR2 patients. Variability in response to disease modifying drugs according
      to the patient's HLA DR antigen status may explain these differences. It is
      concluded, however, that possession of HLA DR2 may be an indicator of good
      prognosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6424588
TI  - Blood gold concentrations in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      undergoing long-term oral gold therapy.
AB  - During an uncontrolled, open-labelled, open-ended clinical trial of auranofin in
      children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) we obtained serial blood
      samples for the purpose of assessing gold content. Our objectives were (1) to
      observe the pattern of blood gold concentrations over a period of time in
      children undergoing long-term oral gold therapy, and (2) to observe the effect of
      changing dosage levels on blood gold concentrations. The initial dosage of
      auranofin was 0.1 mg/kg/day with allowable increases to 0.2 mg/kg/day. A
      concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was allowed. Twenty-one patients
      were enrolled in the study, and we obtained 2 or more serial samples on 13 of the
      children. At a constant dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/day, steady state blood gold
      concentrations were attained in 11 to 13 weeks of therapy and, in the absence of
      a dosage change, remained remarkably constant through extended periods. The blood
      gold concentration was related to total daily dosage rather than to the
      cumulative amount of gold received. Increasing or decreasing the dose resulted in
      a direct effect on concentration. The clinical value of blood gold levels
      resulting from auranofin therapy in JRA will have to be established through
      double-blind controlled trials.

PMID- 6424589
TI  - A family with multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities.
AB  - A family with multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities is reported. The disorder is
      characterised by platyspondyly, abnormality of the upper femoral epiphyses, and
      the development of precocious osteoarthritis. It is proposed that this family
      represents an example of autosomal dominantly inherited spondyloepiphyseal
      dysplasia tarda (SED tarda).

PMID- 6424590
TI  - Gold exacerbates adjuvant arthritis in the rat.

PMID- 6424591
TI  - Performance of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine bioprosthesis as a mitral valve
      substitute in a young population group.
AB  - Porcine bioprostheses were implanted in the mitral position in 289 patients. The
      mean age was 25.8 +/- 13.7 years. One hundred thirty-five patients (47%) were 20
      years old or younger. Most patients had chronic rheumatic valvulitis (74%).
      Mitral regurgitation and mixed mitral valve disease were the dominant lesions.
      Hancock, Angell-Shiley, and Carpentier-Edwards prostheses were implanted in 84,
      14, and 191 patients, respectively. There were 19 early and 64 late deaths. Mean
      follow-up was 5.04 +/- 1.03 patient-years. Fifty-eight patients (6.71% per
      patient-year) were reoperated on for degenerated prostheses, with 13 deaths.
      Twelve patients died without reoperation, and 17 await reoperation for
      degenerated valves. The rate of structural failure (total, 87 patients) was
      21.07% and 3.04% per patient-year for patients less than and older than 20 years,
      respectively (p less than 0.001). The 6-year actuarial survival for these two
      groups was 50% and 68%, respectively. However, for patients 20 years old or
      younger, survival free from degeneration was only 20% at 6 years (p less than
      0.001). Bioprostheses have a high failure rate and should not be implanted in
      young patients or in patients with a life expectancy exceeding 10 years.

PMID- 6424592
TI  - Effect of sultopride on prolactin secretion in rats.
AB  - Oral administration of sultopride caused a significant and dose-related increase
      in serum prolactin levels in the rat. Sultopride was 4-6 times as potent as
      sulpiride in stimulating prolactin secretion. Both drugs produced much greater
      stimulations of prolactin release in female rats than in male rats, suggesting
      the sex difference in response to drugs. CB-154, a dopamine agonist, inhibited
      the sultopride-induced prolactin release. Stereoselective activity of sultopride
      isomers was observed in increasing rat prolactin secretion. Sultopride had no
      significant effects on LH and FSH basal levels in female rats. In a successive
      study, basal prolactin levels in the male rat were higher at 2-3 days, but lower
      at 6 and 14 days. Prolactin response 1 hr after sultopride administration was
      observed throughout the experiments. Sultopride neutralized the dopamine-mediated
      inhibition of prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary in vitro. These
      results suggest that sultopride, like sulpiride, stimulates prolactin secretion
      by blocking the dopamine receptor in the pituitary.

PMID- 6424593
TI  - Documented sudden cardiac death in prolonged QT syndrome.
AB  - Documentation of the mechanism of sudden death is described in a patient with a
      prolonged QT interval. Ventricular tachycardia was initiated by a ventricular
      premature beat (VPB) with a prematurity index similar to previous isolated VPBs.
      This event occurred despite the fact that the patient was receiving phenytoin
      sodium, a drug known to shorten the QT interval.

PMID- 6424594
TI  - Alternate calcitonin and etidronate disodium therapy for Paget's bone disease.
AB  - The efficacy of salmon calcitonin and etidronate disodium was compared in the
      therapy of Paget's bone disease in 37 patients. Nineteen patients received
      etidronate for six months with a mean alkaline phosphatase reduction to 53% of
      initial values. Bone scintophotographs improved in 12 and were unchanged in
      seven. Symptoms improved in 11 subjects, were unchanged in seven, and worsened in
      one. Twelve of these patients were then treated with calcitonin for six months
      with continued improvement in alkaline phosphatase values to 36% of initial
      values. All bone scintophotographs improved compared with initial studies. Seven
      patients continued to improve symptomatically; five described no change. Eighteen
      individuals were treated initially with calcitonin for six months. During
      therapy, the alkaline phosphatase level fell to 76% of initial values. Bone
      scintophotographs were worse in two patients, did not change in seven, and
      improved in nine. Eleven patients reported improvement in symptoms and seven
      reported no change. Seventeen of these patients were then treated with etidronate
      for six months with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels to 64% of initial
      values. Compared with initial tests, bone scintophotographs were worse in three
      with no change in five and improvement in nine. Symptomatically, three patients
      reported improvement; four noted no change, and ten reported increasing pain.
      Although the reason for the poor response to initial calcitonin therapy and/or
      subsequent etidronate therapy is not apparent, we have concluded that patients
      fare better when treated with an etidronate calcitonin sequence when compared
      with those treated with a calcitonin/etidronate sequence.

PMID- 6424595
TI  - [Infantile malnutrition: social cost of respiratory and digestive pathology].
AB  - Information from the hospital records of 1,660 children under two years of age
      admitted to the Hospital Roberto del Rio (Northern District of Santiago) during
      1979, allowed carrying out an analysis of the effect of malnutrition upon the
      admission rate and length of stay for diarrhea and respiratory infections. The
      following indexes were calculated and related to nutritional status: a) Admission
      rate for the total population of children under two years of age from the
      Northern District of Santiago; b) frequency of associated and intercurrent
      pathology, and c) length of stay. The three indexes evidenced a clear
      relationship with nutritional status (P much less than 0.01), showing a
      progressive deterioration as the relationship weight/age became impaired. The
      admission rate for diarrhea was nine times higher, and the length of stay 16.9%
      higher (P less than 0.001) in children with mild malnutrition as compared with
      normal patients. For respiratory infections the rates were 2.4 and 24.7% higher
      (P less than 0.001) in malnourished patients than in normals. The excess of
      admission rate for diarrhea and respiratory pathology, conditioned by
      malnutrition in the Northern District of Santiago, was estimated as the cost
      equivalent to 10,609 extra days of stay, with an annual cost above US$300,000.
      The investment of such an amount of money in health promotion and protection
      activities would certainly increase its social cost-effectiveness.

PMID- 6424596
TI  - [Early diagnosis of postinfarction ventricular aneurysm. Value of contrast
      scintigraphy].
AB  - Early diagnosis of a ventricular aneurysm after myocardial infarction may provide
      a valuable means of preventing certain complications. We studied 55 patients with
      acute myocardial infarction on the 8th day by Technetium 99 angioscintigraphy
      with study of wall motion and ejection fraction at equilibrium. The results were
      compared with left ventriculography performed three months after infarction.
      Angioscintigraphy demonstrated 17 cases of dyskinesia, 16 cases of hypokinesia,
      and 22 cases of akinesia, divided into two subgroups depending on whether the
      ejection fraction was lower (n = 11) or higher than 40% (n = 11). Contrast
      angiography at 3 months confirmed the presence of 27 aneurysms, 17 akinetic
      plaques and 11 cases of hypokinesia. Comparison between the two series of
      investigations showed excellent correlations: in the group of dyskinesia (17
      cases) an aneurysm was confirmed in 15 cases; in the group of hypokinesia (16
      cases) only one aneurysm was demonstrated by the reference angiography. The
      results were less uniform in the group with akinesia. In the subgroup with a low
      ejection fraction, 9 out of 11 cases progressed to aneurysm and, in retrospect,
      should be considered as likely aneurysms. There were only 2 aneurysms (2/11) in
      the subgroup with localised akinesia and a high ejection fraction. The overall
      results suggest that angioscintigraphy at the 8th day of myocardial infarction is
      a reliable means of detecting left ventricular aneurysm; in cases of dyskinesia
      or widespread akinesia with an ejection fraction of less than 40% the presence of
      an aneurysm was confirmed in 24 out of 28 patients (86%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424597
TI  - [Mitral insufficiency complicating idiopathic subvalvular aneurysm of the left
      ventricle. Apropos of 5 surgical cases].
AB  - The surgical team of Pr Ch. Dubost operated 5 cases of idiopathic subvalvular
      left ventricular aneurysm with associated mitral incompetence over a 6 year
      period (from 1976 to 1981). These 5 cases closely resemble Abraham's et al's
      classical description of "annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysms". They
      occur in black Africans, often young adults (mean age of our five cases 31,8
      years) in the absence of coronary artery disease. The common feature is the
      peculiar anatomical localisation of the aneurysm on the posterior or lateral wall
      of the left ventricle, which explains the common finding of mitral regurgitation.
      They are often calcified and thrombosed, the thrombosis tending to extend into
      the left heart chambers. This was the case in 3 of the reported cases. Mitral
      regurgitation was controlled in one case by closure of a fistula into the left
      atrium with a very good result, and in 2 cases by simple section-suture of the
      neck of the aneurysm with good results and a small residual mitral leak. In a
      fourth case (Case n degree 1) the mitral valve was normal, regurgitation being
      the result of an extensive thrombosis. The valve was replaced but, in the light
      of the following cases, it is possible that the valve might have been
      unnecessarily sacrificed. Despite their sometime vast size and the association
      with mitral regurgitation, these subvalvular idiopathic left ventricular
      aneurysms are reasonable surgical indications for the following three reasons:
      the neck is often narrow, enabling closure under satisfactory surgical
      conditions; the structure of the valve is normal which, in the majority of cases,
      means that it can be respected at surgery; the absence of coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 6424598
TI  - [Measured and estimated sinoatrial conduction during variations in rhythm.
      Microelectrode study of the isolated rabbit atrium].
AB  - Strips of isolated atrium were obtained from 10 rabbits to study the validity of
      indirect methods of estimating sinoatrial conduction time during variations of
      the sinus rhythm. Direct recordings of the trans-membrane action potential of the
      sinus node were made. Mapping of the sinus region was undertaken to determine the
      site of the dominant pacemaker. A quadripolar surface electrode was positioned on
      the lower part of the crista terminalis for stimulation and recording of the
      atrial potential. This enabled a comparison to be made between the indirect
      estimated and the directly measured conduction times. An intrasinusal shift of
      the dominant pacemaker was obtained by cooling from 38 degrees C to 35 degrees C.
      This shift occurs progressively in the cranino-candal direction. The estimated
      and measured conduction times were compared under basal conditions and after
      cooling. The sinus cycle was significantly longer (p less than 0.001) at 35
      degrees C (318 +/- 68 ms) than at 38 degrees C (255 +/- 48 ms). The mean measured
      anterograde conduction time also decreased from 36 to 31 ms (p less than 0.01)
      and the mean measured retrograde conduction time also decreased from 39 to 33 ms
      (p less than 0.02); the total conduction time decreased from 75 to 64 ms (p less
      than 0.001). The results of the total estimated conduction times were discordant.
      The associated effects of stimulation and cooling can cause conduction defects
      and an overestimation of the conduction time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424599
TI  - [Comparison of Narula's technic of direct and estimated sinoatrial conduction at
      increasing rates in normal subjects].
AB  - Twenty eight normal subjects in sinus rhythm underwent direct measurement of
      sinoatrial conduction time (SACTD) by sinus node potential recordings (SNP) and
      indirect evaluation by Strauss (SACTS) and Narula's methods (SACTN) using the
      extrastimulus technique. Stimulation in Narula's method was undertaken at three
      different rates, 3, 6 and 9 beats per minute faster than the spontaneous rate of
      the subject (SACTN3, SACTN6, SACTN9). The mean values (+/- SD) were as follows:
      SACTD 84 +/- 18, SACTN3 85 +/- 29, SACTN6 96 +/- 33, SACTN9 101 +/- 36. The mean
      value of the SACTD was significantly lower than that of the SACTN9 (p less than
      0,01) but there were no significant differences between SACTD and SACTN3 and
      SACTN6. The three values of the SACTN were closely related to each other but not
      to the values of the SACTD.

PMID- 6424600
TI  - [Mitral valve replacement with bioprosthesis in children].
AB  - Forty seven bioprostheses were used for mitral valve replacement between January
      1975 and June 1980, with no operative mortality, in children under 19 years of
      age. This study was undertaken to evaluate the medium and longterm outcome of 43
      patients followed up for at least 2 years. The late mortality was higher in
      children under 13 years of age (11.1% per patient/year) than in older children
      (3% per patient/year). The incidence of reoperation for deterioration of the
      bioprosthesis was 5,5% per patient/year. The actuarial longevity of bioprostheses
      without any complications was 48 +/- 16% at 5 years. After a review of the
      literature, the authors discuss their present therapeutic attitude: whenever
      possible, mitral valvuloplasty is the operation of choice, but when valve
      replacement is necessary, two criteria must be considered: the age of the patient
      and conditions of follow up. If medical follow-up facilities are good: mechanical
      prostheses are preferred in patients under 13 years of age: after puberty
      especially in girls, the bioprosthesis is the valve of choice. If medical follow
      up facilities are poor: the valve of choice is a bioprosthesis at all ages
      because of the risk of thromboembolism and the relatively slow clinical
      aggravation in cases of bioprosthetic deterioration.

PMID- 6424601
TI  - [Effect of open heart surgery on intellectual efficiency. Prospective study
      apropos of 40 cases].
AB  - Neurological accidents following open heart surgery have become exceptionaly rare
      because of technical advances. However, some minor intellectual problems are
      quite common (loss of memory, lack of concentration...). The results of previous
      studies on this subject have been quite contradictory. A prospective study of 40
      patients was undertaken to determine the repercussions of open heart surgery with
      cardiopulmonary bypass on intellectual efficiency. The protocol chosen used
      Wechsler's intelligence test, the calculation of mental deterioration based on
      this test and Wechsler's clinical scale of memory. The tests were performed
      before surgery, in the immediate postoperative period and after six months (30
      patients). The purely cardiological side of these cases and social considerations
      were also taken into account. In the immediate postoperative period, 55% of
      patients showed signs of intellectual deterioration, with respect to their age.
      After six months, the overall incidence was 25%. Some patients showed
      intellectual deterioration before surgery. The influence of the type of surgery
      is difficult to determine. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was significant. The
      preoperative intellectual level was also important, as was the return to normal
      activities after surgery. Finally, age, of course, played an important part.
      These results cannot be isolated from the study of the psychological reactions of
      the patients to cardiac surgery and their influence on the outcome and
      rehabilitation after surgery.

PMID- 6424602
TI  - [Long-term results of heterografts in the mitral position].
AB  - The long term results in 43 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement with
      a bioprosthesis are reported. The average age of the patient was 25, and nearly
      half of them were under fifteen. The underlying valvular disease was rheumatic in
      the great majority. Small bioprostheses were used in 40 p. 100 of cases. Hospital
      mortality was nil. Two patients developed atrioventricular block and needed
      permanent pacing; this was the principal complication observed in this study.
      After 34 months, 17 serious complications were recorded including two episodes of
      thromboembolism. The main problem arose from restenosis of the bioprosthesis,
      either because of its small size (3 cases) or because of degeneration (6 cases),
      all in children (33 p. 100 of our paediatric cases). The actuarial survival rate
      without degeneration shows only 48,2 p. 100 of patients to be without this
      problem at 5 years. Late mortality reached 29 p. 100 and the five year survival
      rate showed only 57 p. 100 of patients to be still alive, and only 35 p. 100 with
      their bioprosthesis. The haemodynamic profile of these prostheses with regards to
      transvalvular pressure gradient and mitral surface area, was very good for the
      large size valves, in contrast to the small size. In the absence of degeneration,
      the gradient was found to be stable. This study has shown that small
      bioprosthetic valves should be avoided in mitral valve replacement because of the
      risk of stenosis. Despite the low incidence of thromboembolism, they should not
      be used in children because of the high incidence of degeneration in paediatric
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424603
TI  - [The value of echocardiography in ambulatory practice. A 2 year follow up].
AB  - Echocardiography plays an important role in diagnostic methods in cardiology, but
      its real contribution to ambulatory practice has still not been defined. For this
      reason, we have reviewed all the echocardiograms (echo) recorded during 1979 on
      non-hospitalized subjects at the echo laboratory of the cardiology center at the
      Geneva University Hospital. From a questionnaire answered by the physicians
      approximatively two years after the echo recording, follow-up of the patients and
      clinical impact of the method have been analyzed. 220 adult patients have had an
      M-mode echo, 70 of them have also had a two-dimensional echo. The follow-up of
      141 patients has been analyzed. Contribution to diagnosis related to the clinical
      indication: Group I "precise cardiopathy": well defined cardiological diagnosis
      obtained by the physician (152 patients). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in
      25.5 p. 100 of the patients, diagnosis was quantitatively completed in 19 p. 100
      of the patients, it was partially or totally unconfirmed in 53 p. 100 of the
      patients. Group II "cardiopathy X": cardiac lesion suspected, but clinically not
      identifiable (48 patients). The echo allowed a precise diagnosis in 12.5 p. 100
      of the patients, but it showed non classifiable anomalies in 25 p. 100, normal
      recordings in 60.5 p. 100, and technical failures in 2 p. 100 of the patients.
      Group III "controls": precise diagnosis already know (20 patients). The echo
      supplied a quantitative complement in 19 patients and allowed a new diagnosis in
      one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424604
TI  - [Continuous electrocardiographic registration in occupational medicine].
AB  - Continuous 24 hour electrocardiography (Holter method) was carried out during
      work time in 64 workers. They were divided into two groups: the first group
      comprised 34 subjects with either organic heart disease (coronary artery disease,
      valvular heart disease, operated coarctation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) or a
      documented arrhythmia without proven underlying cardiac disease; the second group
      comprised 30 subjects without known cardiac disease but complaining of symptoms
      suspected to be of cardiac origin or with isolated electrocardiographic
      abnormalities. At the end of the study we concluded that Holter monitoring is
      possible in subjects performing physical occupations even in difficult
      conditions. The trends of heart rate, especially mean heart rate calculated over
      10 minute periods, confirmed the relationship between heart rate and the
      intensity of the physical activity. Atrial extrasystoles and episodes of
      supraventricular tachycardia were as common in the first as in the second group
      (20% and 18% respectively). This did not apply to ventricular extrasystoles: they
      were observed in both groups but were significantly more common in the first
      group (55% compared to 33%); ventricular extrasystoles, usually of a single
      configuration and isolated, were more common in the first group, especially
      amongst the coronary patients. Sinus node dysfunction was only observed in the
      second group (12.5%), in young subjects, and this occurred with only one
      exception at night. These findings support previous reports in the literature.
      However, the interpretation of these results is difficult because of the absence
      of well established normal values.

PMID- 6424605
TI  - [Electrocardiographic study of left ventricular performance in normal pregnancy].
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the changes of left ventricular function
      during normal pregnancy. Fifteen women aged 23 to 36 years old were studied by M
      mode and 2D echocardiography at 3, 6 and 9 months and during the post partum
      period (30 days). The M mode recordings were analysed on an ID.01 computer. The
      principal parameters rose significantly from the 3rd to the 9th month, and then
      fell during the post partum period: heart rate, 73 +/- 5 to 80 +/- 9 and then to
      70 +/- 8 beats/min: LV end diastolic parameter 46 +/- 2 to 49 +/- 3 mm: LV end
      diastolic volume 102 +/- 16 to 120 +/- 30 and then 102 +/- 22 cm3; stroke volume:
      72 +/- 15 to 87 +/- 25 and then to 70 +/- 16 ml; cardiac output: 5.6 +/- 1.2 to
      7.1 +/- 2.3 and then to 5.0 +/- 1.4 l/min; cardiac index: 3.5 +/- 0.7 to 4.1 +/-
      1.3 and then to 3.0 +/- 0.8 l/min/m2; LV mass: 69 +/- 14 to 91 +/- 39 and then to
      82 +/- 27 g; the ratio of mass/volume also increased from 0.97 +/- 0.14 to 1.10
      +/- 0.5. On the other hand, the following parameters did not change
      significantly: LV end systolic diameter: 30 +/- 3 to 31 +/- 3 and then to 30 +/-
      4 mm; ejection fraction: 0.70 +/- 0.72 and then to 0.68; LV fractional
      shortening: 34 +/- 5 to 36 +/- 5 and then 33 +/- 6; velocity of circumferential
      fibre shortening: 1.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.1 and then 1.1 +/- 0.2
      circ/s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424606
TI  - [Asymptomatic severe stenosis of the left main coronary artery].
AB  - Severe stenosis (greater than 70%) of the main stem of the left coronary artery
      may rarely be asymptomatic. This particular clinical presentation, which has
      recently been highlighted, is probably commoner than had previously been thought.
      Though usually a chance finding, its presence should be suspected when exercise
      stress tests are strongly positive at low work loads; confirmed at coronary
      angiography, asymptomatic stenosis of the left main coronary artery is no
      different from symptomatic stenoses with regard to the extent and severity of the
      coronary lesions; they do differ, however, in that left ventricular function is
      preserved and may remain normal over a long period. This has therapeutic
      implications in that systematic surgery of first intention may not be mandatory
      in these cases.

PMID- 6424607
TI  - [Association of an interauricular communication of the sinus venosus type with
      obstructive myocardiopathy. Surgical treatment].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 46 year old man in congestive cardiac failure
      for 4 years due to the association of a sinus venosus atrial septal defect and
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Surgery was attempted because of the
      poor response to medical therapy. The operation consisted in a trans aortic left
      ventricular myotomy with mitral valve replacement, enlargement of the atrial
      septum by a patch and correction of the sinus venosus also by a patch. The result
      was excellent, with regression of the clinical signs of cardiac failure,
      maintained after 6 months' follow-up. This is certainly a very rare pathological
      association of which we were unable to find any previous reported case in the
      literature. Two cases of ostium secundum atrial septal defect with hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy have been operated on previously, one successfully and
      the other one without success. A rational surgical approach is suggested, based
      on the analysis of the physiopathological consequences of this rare association.

PMID- 6424608
TI  - [Exudative enteropathy and residual tricuspid insufficiency following repair of
      tetralogy of Fallot. Regression following tricuspid valvuloplasty].
AB  - Chronic right ventricular failure was observed in a young female operated at 25
      years of age for Fallot's tetralogy despite surgical refixation of the patch
      closing the ventricular septal defect which had previously worked loose. The
      signs of right ventricular failure were due to severe tricuspid incompetence,
      confirmed at catheterisation and selective right ventricular angiography. They
      were associated with major hypoproteinaemia which was not due to urinary loss nor
      hepatic dysfunction, but which was attributed to an exudative enteropathy. The
      correction of the valvular defect by valvuloplasty was followed by rapid
      correction of the biological abnormality. The authors review the relationship
      between serum proteins and cardiac disease, discuss those cardiac affections with
      known associations with exudative enteropathy, and also the possibilities of
      reversing the biological abnormality after surgical cure of the causal cardiac
      lesion.

PMID- 6424609
TI  - [The 1st anterior septal artery: but which one?].

PMID- 6424610
TI  - [Comparison of quantitative data from two-dimensional echocardiography and
      anatomical examination in mitral stenosis].
AB  - This prospective study was undertaken to assess the results of 2D
      echocardiography in the assessment of valvular and subvalvular lesions in mitral
      stenosis. The echocardiographic findings (E) were compared with peroperative and
      laboratory anatomical examination of the excised valve (A). The following
      criteria were compared: 1) planimetry of mitral valve surface area, 2) mobility
      of the anterior leaflet, assessed anatomically by the flexibility of the tissue,
      and echocardiographically by the amplitude of early diastolic excursion, 3)
      length of anterior and posterior leaflets, 4) presence of calcification, 5)
      length of the longest tendinae chordae, measured from the papillary muscle to the
      insertion of the valve, 6) thickness of the thickest tendinae chordae attached to
      each leaflet. Echocardiography was carried out preoperatively by two different
      operators without knowledge of the haemodynamic and later anatomical findings.
      The anatomical results were taken as reference. Mitral valve surface area
      measured by both methods was comparable (A = 0,96 +/- 0,28 cm2; E = 1,04 +/- 0,33
      cm2, N = 17, t = NS) and a good correlation was found between the two
      measurements (r = 0,79; p less than 0,01). 2D echo assessed the loss of valvular
      mobility by limitation of early diastolic opening of the AML with a sensitivity
      of 71 p. 100 and a specificity of 70 p. 100. Measurement of valve length of the
      anterior (N = 14) and posterior leaflets (N = 15) may be difficult in the
      presence of severe calcification. The results of both measurements were
      comparable. AML, 25,2 +/- 1,9 mm (A) and 24,6 +/- 2,1 mm (E); PML, 13,9 +/- 1,9
      mm (A) and 14,2 +/- 2,2 (E) correlated well, r = 0,71 and r = 0,71 respectively
      (p less than 0,01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6424611
TI  - [Tricuspid reoperation in the surgery of rheumatic valve diseases. Apropos of 24
      cases].
AB  - Twenty four patients were reoperated on the tricuspid valve alone between 1967
      and 1981. The first operation had been performed for mitral valve disease and
      consisted of 23 mitral valve replacements and one commissurotomy associated with
      two aortic valve replacements. The surgical decision with regard to the tricuspid
      valve at the initial operation had been abstention (10 cases), tricuspid
      valvuloplasty (10 cases) and tricuspid valve replacement (4 cases). Reoperation
      on the tricuspid valve is rare (0,2 p. 100 of mitral valve operations, 1 p. 100
      of mitro-tricuspid valve operations). The 24 cases were divided into 2 groups: -
      Group I, in which reoperation was indicated for curable tricuspid lesions: .4
      reoperations for prosthetic valve dysfunction (4 mechanical prostheses were
      responsible for 3 thromboses and 1 perivalvular leak); .3 reoperations for failed
      valvuloplasty (2 Kay valvuloplasties and 1 Carpentier annuloplasty); .2
      reoperations for aggravation of neglected functional lesions at the first
      operation and which were reoperated after 3,5 and 4,5 years, because of increased
      dilatation of the annulus; .5 reoperations for aggravation of organic lesions
      which had been neglected in 3 cases and treated by valvuloplasty in 2 cases. Five
      prosthetic valve replacements were carried out, on average 17 months after the
      first operation. --Group II, in which reoperation was unable to improve
      congestive heart failure; dilatation of the tricuspid annulus was only a
      consequence of the cardiac failure. The secondary tricuspid valve surgery (5
      valvuloplasties, 5 annuloplasties) did not alter the extremely poor prognosis of
      these patients (5 hospital deaths, 3 postoperative deaths within 2
      years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424612
TI  - [Results of the systematic application of ventricular stimulation methods].
AB  - This study was undertaken to test the validity of methods of evaluating
      ventricular tachycardia and in therapeutic surveillance. One hundred and thirty
      nine patients aged 16 to 84 years, with and without severe ventricular
      arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, VT, and fibrillation, VF) were divided into
      two groups after clinical, echocardiographic and 24 hour Holter investigations:
      Group I comprised 26 patients with a least one documented attack of VT or VF;
      Group II comprised 113 patients without these arrhythmias, who complained of
      dizziness, syncope, and/or their ECG showed a conduction defect, and so
      electrophysiological investigation was undertaken. A protocol of ventricular
      stimulation was undertaken in addition to the usual measurements of conduction
      times, comprising incremental ventricular stimulation from 100 to 200/min, single
      and paired extrastimulus in sinus rhythm and during ventricular pacing at rates
      of 100 and 150/min, the first extrastimulus being programmed 10 ms after the end
      of the ventricular effective refractory period. Excluding bundle to bundle
      reentry, the following results were obtained: In Group I: VT was triggered 16
      times (61,5 p. 100), and in 4 of these cases VF occurred and required
      defibrillation. Ten patients had previous myocardial infarction; 5 patients had
      left ventricular dilatation. In 2 cases runs of 3 or 4 VES were recorded. No
      arrhythmia could be induced in 8 cases (30,8 p. 100); 5 of these patients had
      apparently normal hearts. In Group II: VT (greater than 5 VES) was triggered in
      22 cases (19,5 p. 100) and in 4 cases this degenerated to VF requiring
      defibrillation. 11 patients had apparently normal hearts; 6 patients had left
      ventricular dilatation and 4 patients had previous myocardial infarction. 1 to 4
      repetitive VES were observed in 67 cases (59,3 p. 100): the heart was judged to
      be normal in all patients except those with previous infarction. No correlation
      was established between the ability to induce VT and age, syncope, or ECG changes
      (especially bundle branch block). However, a correlation was found between the
      induction of VT and underlying cardiac disease and the method of induction of VT;
      in Group II, all episodes of VT were triggered by delivering paired ventricular
      extrastimuli on a background paced rhythm. These results show that repetitive
      ventricular responses can easily be triggered and that this has no pathological
      significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6424613
TI  - [Traumatic myocardial infarction. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of anterior transmural myocardial infarction occurring after closed
      chest injuries in young adults (26 and 29 years) are reported. In one case, the
      infarct was detected after 42 days when the patient gradually developed left
      ventricular failure after thoracic injury (fracture of the left 9th rib). In the
      other case, the diagnosis was made during the initial evaluation of a patient
      with multiple injuries by routine electrocardiography. Radio-isotopic
      investigations showed an antero-septo-apical and lateral defect with akinetic
      wall motion in the first case, and apical hypofixation with limited akinesis in
      the second one. Coronary angiography with left ventriculography was performed
      after 2 and 3 months respectively, and showed a prolonged non-atheromatous
      stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery with anterior wall
      hypokinesia, apical akinesia and mitral incompetence (Case n 1) and slight
      changes of the distal part of the left anterior descending artery with apical
      hypokinesia (Case n 2). These two cases bring the number of documented reported
      cases to 37 and illustrate the two possible mechanisms of myocardial infarction
      after closed chest trauma: direct trauma to the coronary arteries with vascular
      lesions and secondary myocardial infarction associated with a poor prognosis, and
      myocardial contusion resulting in random myocardial lesions which usually carry a
      better prognosis.

PMID- 6424614
TI  - [Mobitz type II suprahisian atrioventricular block : block in the subnodal
      suprahisian (NH) zone?].
AB  - The electrophysiological properties of the atrioventricular node differ from
      those of the His bundle. Nodal conduction is always decremential; this is its
      principal physiological characteristic, and accounts for the fact that almost the
      only form of block found at this level is Wenckebach block. The His bundle is
      characterised by an all-or-nothing response and usually blocks in the Mobitz II
      mode. Wenckebach phenomena have been described in the His Purkinje system, but
      Mobitz II block has not been reported in the atrioventricular node. Similarly,
      phase IV paradoxical block is found in the His Purkinje system but has not been
      described in the atrioventricular node in the absence of vagal phenomena. In
      addition, the atrioventricular node is very sensitive to the influence of the
      autonomic nervous system, the His bundle much less so. The first patient had a
      normal resting electrocardiogram showing sinus rhythm; second degree
      atrioventricular block was observed when the atrial rhythm was increased by
      exercise, atropine or atrial pacing. His bundle recordings showed the block to be
      suprahisian; the blocked atrial potentials were not followed by a His potential,
      whilst the conducted atrial activity was followed by a normal His potential and a
      normal HV interval. However, this atrioventricular block was of the Mobitz II and
      not the expected Mobitz I type, conduction to the ventricles suddenly blocking
      (with a 3/2 or 2/1 response) when the atrial rate was increased, without obvious
      lengthening of the PR or AH intervals before the blocked atria.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424615
TI  - [Radioisotopic tomography in the study of cardiac function].
AB  - Dynamic tomographic images of the heart may be obtained by computerised treatment
      of a number of projections and planes recorded by a gamma camera rotating around
      a patient whose blood is labelled with radioactive technetium. This new technique
      of assessing cardiac function was tested in a group of 40 coronary patients and
      the results compared with standard contrast angiography. The following parameters
      were compared : LV volume, global and regional ejection fractions. The zones of
      interest were easily defined on the tomographic images and correction for
      background noise was negligible. Two different methods have been developed to
      measure volume. The first consists in counting the matrix units in three
      dimensions on serial planes through a given cavity. The second is based on the
      reconstruction of thick slices integrating all the ventricular radioactivity, the
      counting of which is calibrated with reference to an orthogonal plane. The
      correlations with angiography were excellent with both methods (R = 0,85 and 0,87
      respectively). An equally good correlation was observed for ejection fraction (r
      = 0,85). A segmental model acceptable for both gamma line angiography, gamma
      tomography and contrast angiography comprises 6 segments : septal, apical, antero
      lateral, postero-lateral, posterior, and inferior. The sensitivity and
      specificity of both isotopic methods of detection of major wall abnormalities
      (akinesia and dyskinesia) were assessed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424616
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aortic subvalvular obstruction. Experimental study of a
      new approach].
AB  - The aortic subvalvular region is difficult to approach. The results after
      resection through a pure transaortic approach are often unsatisfactory. An aorto
      septal approach derived from the Konno-Rastan aortoventriculoplasty was
      experimented in animals. This technique involves opening the ascending aorta and
      the pulmonary infundibulum, section of the aortic annulus at the left anterior
      commissure and incising the muscular interventricular septum. The results of this
      aorto-septal approach show: - that the whole left ventricular ejection tract can
      be exposed; - that the incision can be closed without damage to the heart, i.e.
      creation of atrioventricular block, and with reconstruction of an intact
      interventricular septum and a normally functioning aortic valve. This approach
      could therefore be used for the treatment of diffuse subvalvular aortic stenosis:
      - subaortic fibromuscular tunnel without hypoplasia of the aortic ring (one
      personal case has already been reported); - severe forms of hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy with asymmetric septal hypertrophy.

PMID- 6424617
TI  - [Prevention of gas microemboli during cardiac surgery. Numerical control of
      cardiac cavity purging by an ultrasonic detector].
AB  - Despite all precautions taken by cardiac surgeons to eliminate air remaining in
      the cardiac cavities and pulmonary veins at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass,
      many micro bubbles probably remain and pass into the systemic circulation with a
      risk of deteriorations of cerebral or myocardial function. Over the last four
      years we have used ultrasound to try to prevent the risk of preoperative gas
      microemboli: the machine is equipped with a detector (a quartz oscillator coupled
      to a piezoelectric transducer emitting a continuous beam of ultrasound at a
      frequency of 5 Mhz) which allows the following variables to be determined: the
      time interval from the onset of detection, the total quantity of bubbles
      (arbitrary units) in the examined regions, the quantity of bubbles detected over
      a given time interval which can be adjusted from 15 to 120 seconds. The passage
      of bubbles is also indicated by light and sound alarms. The smallest diameter of
      bubbles which can be detected is about 10 mu. There are periaortic probes
      adaptable to the calibre of the ascending aorta, transcutaneous probes for
      carotid artery detection and a left ventricular probe. In a preliminary series of
      74 valve replacements in adults, this apparatus was used immediately after
      terminating cardiopulmonary bypass after we had thought that the cardiac cavities
      had been satisfactorily purged of air, and whilst active aspiration was continued
      in the ascending aorta distal to the periaortic probe: the total quantity of
      bubbles detected varied from less than 50 to more than 2000 AU, over a variable
      period of time which may exceed 20 min after termination of cardiopulmonary
      bypass. The total quantity of bubbles recorded after mitral valve (582 +/- 154
      AU) or combined mitral and aortic valve replacement (685 +/- 167 AU) was
      generally greater than after isolated aortic valve replacement (335 +/- 126 AU).
      Therefore, after cardiopulmonary bypass, and despite all efforts at purging the
      air, we showed that numbers of microbubbles were ejected into the ascending aorta
      for a variable period of time: only some of them were eliminated by active
      aspiration through a trocar placed distal to the periaortic probe. The right
      coronary ostium was poorly protected against microbubbles because of its
      anatomical situation (6 cases in this series). We therefore established a
      protocol for the use of this apparatus to aid the purging of the cardiac cavities
      and pulmonary veins before stopping cardiopulmonary bypass: the manoeuvres,
      guided by the ultrasound probes, are performed before the left ventricle is
      allowed to eject blood into the ascending aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6424618
TI  - [Aortic valve replacement by bioprosthesis with enlargement of the aortic ring].
AB  - Small diameter aortic valve bioprostheses are associated with resting ventriculo
      aortic pressure gradients of 10 to 35 mmHg. In order to avoid this factor
      favouring degradation of left ventricular function and early deterioration of the
      bioprosthesis, we enlarged the aortic ring when the diameter was less than 23 mm
      in patients considered unsuitable for long-term anticoagulation. The surgical
      technique involved incising the annulus from the postero-lateral commissure to
      the anterior mitral leaflet and implanting a Dacron patch lined with pericardium.
      Nine patients aged from 10 to 70 years (average 22 years) underwent aortic valve
      replacement with a Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis associated with enlargement
      of the aortic ring, between June 1979 and December 1981. The mean follow-up
      period is now 18 months (range 9 to 39 months). One patient has been lost to
      follow-up. Before surgery, 6 patients were in Stage III and 3 patients in Stage
      IV of the NYHA classification. There were 4 patients with pure aortic
      regurgitation with valve prolapse, 1 patient with aortic regurgitation due to
      endocarditis, and 4 patients with mixed aortic valve disease. The underlying
      disease was rheumatic in 6 cases, congenital in 2 cases and infective
      endocarditis in 1 case. The mean diameter of the aortic ring before enlargement
      was 19 mm. After the procedure, it increased to 23,8 mm, so enabling the
      implantation of no 23 and no 25 bioprostheses. Three patients had associated
      mitral regurgitation, 3 patients had mixed mitral valve disease, 1 patient had a
      membranous VSD with infundibular stenosis, and 1 patient had subvalvular aortic
      stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424619
TI  - [Carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Median-term development as a function of
      treatment and symptoms].
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and natural history of carotid
      sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) with respect to treatment and symptoms. Between May
      1976 and December 1981, 714 patients underwent carotid sinus massage (CSM) during
      electrophysiological investigation (271 for syncope, 163 for dizziness); 79 had a
      pathological response (sinus arrest for over 3 s or two successive pauses of over
      2 s each). Twenty five of these patients were excluded from the study group; 23
      had the sick sinus syndrome or an associated AV block, and two were lost to
      follow-up. The remaining 54 patients were divided into two groups: Group I,
      comprising 33 patients who were given no treatment, and Group II, comprising 21
      patients who were treated by permanent pacing. The patients in Group I were
      followed up for an average of 29 +/- 16 months and those in Group II for 25 +/-
      22 months. Nine of the 18 patients in Group I, hospitalised for syncope, but none
      of the 5 patients admitted for dizziness alone, relapsed during follow-up. Only 1
      patient without syncope or dizziness at the time of investigation reported having
      had a syncope during follow-up. The actuarial graph of absence of syncope fell
      regularly in Group I (58 p. 100 at 5 years), 4 patients in Group I were then
      given demand pacemakers and there was no further recurrence of syncope (follow
      up: 34 +/- 15 months). Only 1 patient, admitted for dizziness, out of the 21
      patients in Group II (13 syncopes, 8 cases of dizziness) continued to complain of
      the symptoms for which he had been paced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424620
TI  - [Interatrial septal aneurysm. Echocardiographic diagnosis].
AB  - Interatrial septal aneurysm is a rare abnormality and can now be diagnosed by
      echocardiography. We report the case of a 52 year old woman in whom this
      condition was diagnosed after an embolic cerebrovascular accident. M mode
      recordings showed a linear echo in the left atrial cavity in early and mid
      systole. The aneurysm was directly visualised by 2D echo as a hemispherical bulge
      in the mid portion of the interatrial septum, which was mobile and had a to-and
      fro motion between the two atria in relation to the different phases of the
      cardiac cycle. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, and at surgery. A
      feature of this case was the close correlation between echocardiographic,
      angiographic and operative findings. The pathogenesis of this type of aneurysm
      remains conjectural as does its role in the production of cerebral embolism, the
      evidence for which was circumstantial in the absence of other demonstrable causes
      and in the light of previously reported cases.

PMID- 6424621
TI  - [Diastolic restriction caused by an encysted hemopericardium a year after
      coronary bypass].
AB  - The case of a 54 year old patient presenting with congestive cardiac failure one
      year after single aorto-coronary bypass surgery is reported. Paraclinical
      investigations showed a pericardial effusion compressing the inferior wall of the
      heart. Echocardiography was essential for diagnosis. This localised compression
      was responsible for the haemodynamic changes of adiastole. Pericardial drainage
      confirmed the diagnosis of an encysted hemopericardium containing about 300 ccs
      of liquid. Right and left cardiac catheter studies before and after surgery, and
      8 months postoperatively, showed progressive normalisation of the intracardiac
      pressures. A volume expansion stress test excluded possible associated
      pericardial constriction. Therefore, the finding of diastolic restriction with a
      residual effusion after cardiac surgery should orientate management towards
      pericardial drainage before considering pericardectomy.

PMID- 6424622
TI  - [Mitral insufficiency in an adult, due to an abnormal left coronary artery
      arising from the pulmonary trunk: echocardiographic aspects. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The case of a 20 year old woman followed up since adolescence for a progressive
      congestive cardiomyopathy with mitral regurgitation is reported. She was
      reinvestigated after hospital admission for cardiac decompensation and
      supraventricular arrhythmias; 2D echocardiography showed signs of severe mitral
      regurgitation with thickened mitral leaflets prolapsing into a dilated left
      atrium and, above all, abnormal diastolic wall motion related to restriction of
      left ventricular filling with no apparent systolic dysfunction : pulsed Doppler
      studies confirmed the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation but also showed
      retrograde diastolic flow in the aortic arch (without aortic regurgitation) and
      in the main pulmonary artery. Angiography showed these disturbances to be due to
      an abnormal origin of the left coronary artery in the main pulmonary artery.
      Reimplantation of the left coronary in the aorta and mitral annuloplasty were
      justified by the poor spontaneous prognosis of this congenital abnormality which
      has rarely been described in adults.

PMID- 6424623
TI  - The synthesis of acetyl-CoA by Clostridium thermoaceticum from carbon dioxide,
      hydrogen, coenzyme A and methyltetrahydrofolate.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that enzymes from Clostridium thermoaceticum catalyze
      the following reaction in which Fd is ferredoxin and CH3THF is
      methyltetrahydrofolate. (for formula see text). The system involves hydrogenase,
      CO dehydrogenase, a methyltransferase, a corrinoid enzyme and other unknown
      components. Hydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of ferredoxin by H2; CO
      dehydrogenase then uses the reduced ferredoxin to reduce CO2 to a one-carbon
      intermediate that combines with CoASH and with a methyl group originating from
      CH3THF to form acetyl-CoA. It is proposed that these reactions are part of the
      mechanism which enables certain acetogenic autotrophic bacteria to grow on CO2
      and H2.

PMID- 6424624
TI  - [Iconography: defect in congenital strip ossification of the ilio-pubic ramus].

PMID- 6424625
TI  - A dumbbell (hourglass) neurofibroma of the spine in a patient with von
      Recklinghausen's disease. A case report with twelve-year follow-up.
AB  - A five-and-one-half-year-old boy, referred for orthopaedic evaluation of spinal
      curvature, was diagnosed as having neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's
      disease) with a 44-degree right thoracolumbar curve from T-10 to L-3. A soft
      tissue mass was identified in the area of T-7 to T-12 and, when neurological
      signs developed, the mass was removed by extraperitoneal laparothoracotomy. Tumor
      root was noted to extend into the spinal canal, and subsequent surgery was
      undertaken to remove this tissue. There was no postoperative increase in the
      neurologic deficit, although the scoliosis progressed to the point where spinal
      fusion was required. This was followed by brace treatment to maintain correction
      during the growth years. Long-term follow-up (12 years) revealed that the
      patient's spine was balanced, the fusion mass appeared to be solid
      radiographically, and the neurological examination was normal.

PMID- 6424626
TI  - Enterotoxigenic bacteria in infantile diarrheal disease.

PMID- 6424627
TI  - Studies on the standardized control of antibiogram quality by the test strains
      preserved as single use lyophilized microdiscs.

PMID- 6424628
TI  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for identification of toxinogenesis in
      Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

PMID- 6424629
TI  - The isolation from romanian BCG substrain of non cross reacting antigens to
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.

PMID- 6424630
TI  - Mycobacterial sensitivity elicited with a PPD devoided of the majority of the
      antigens common with BCG. Results on healthy-BCG vaccinated and tuberculous
      children.

PMID- 6424631
TI  - [Pellegrini-Stieda disease].
AB  - The cases of Pellegrini-Stieda disease encountered in the Orthopaedic Clinic of
      Bari University and followed up 4-15 years after the original injury are
      reported. The report provides new information for the literature on the subject
      and concludes with brief reference to therapeutic and medicolegal aspects.

PMID- 6424633
TI  - Changing physician-hospital relations. Life in the fast lane.

PMID- 6424632
TI  - Effects of opiate antagonists on hormones and behavior of male and female rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - Opiate antagonists, naloxone (100 micrograms/kg) and naltrexone (1 mg/kg) were
      given to singly housed adult male or female rhesus prior to a 20-minute
      behavioral test with an oppositely sexed stimulus monkey. Four of the intact
      adult males were socially and sexually experienced. The remaining two intact
      males and two castrated males had been reared in socially restricted conditions
      and were psychosexually deficient. Adult females were ovariectomized, and the
      effects of opiate antagonists were examined with or without concurrent estradiol
      treatment. Both antagonists inhibited sexual behavior of the socially reared,
      sexually active, intact males. No stimulatory effects on sexual behavior were
      observed for sexually deficient males, whether intact or castrated. Females
      showed little change in sexual behavior following opiate antagonist treatment,
      regardless of endocrine status. The proportion of approaches of the female to the
      male was increased when naloxone, but not naltrexone, was given. Specific
      endocrine effects of the opiate antagonists were only found in intact males.
      Naltrexone significantly increased LH concentrations in the two males tested,
      while the increase in LH in the four males receiving naloxone was not
      significant. In all intact males, increases in LH were accompanied by
      statistically significant increases in circulating concentrations of testosterone
      following naloxone and naltrexone. The gonadotropic stimulating effect of the
      opiate antagonists was specific to LH, and no changes were observed in
      circulating concentrations of FSH in either sex.

PMID- 6424634
TI  - [Absorption and use of amino acids infused into the cecum of growing pigs. 4.
      Comparative studies on oral or cecal administration of 15N-lysine and 15N-urea,
      respectively].
AB  - 12 pigs were divided into 4 groups. All animals received an identical basal diet
      deficient in lysine and additional isonitrogenous amounts of 66.4 mmol N in the
      form of 15N-lysine and 15N-urea resp. orally or caecally. Caecal application was
      carried out as permanent infusion through caecal cannulae. N- and 15N-balances
      were ascertained of all animals and the remain of the labelled nitrogen was
      determined. From the comparison of the N-balances the conclusion can be drawn
      that though caecally applied N-compounds, whether they were infused as amino
      acids or as non-amino acid-N, disappear in the large intestine, i.e. are
      digested, do not, however, improve the N-balance but are excreted as additional
      urine-N. Subsequent to oral application, lysine or urea are almost quantitatively
      absorbed in the small intestine. Absorbed lysine is used in the synthesis of body
      protein, absorbed urea, however, is almost completely excreted in urine (83% of
      the 15N-amount absorbed). 15N-excretion in faeces after the oral application of
      15N-lysine and 15N-urea resp. was less than 1% of the 15N-amount applied, after
      caecal infusion, however, it was approximately 6%, the biggest part of which (70
      77%) was incorporated in bacteria protein. After caecal infusion the main quota
      of the infused 15N-amount (greater than or equal to 80%) was excreted in urine,
      most of it in the form of urea. After the oral application of 15N-lysine this
      could be detected in both the TCA-soluble fraction of the serum and the serum
      protein. After caecal infusion 15N in the TCA-soluble fraction of the serum could
      mainly be found as NPN, absorption and incorporation of intact 15N-lysine were
      considerably lower. An calculation showed that the maximum of the absorbed 15N
      amount in the form of lysine was 3% and that of the infused amount was 1.8%. It
      can generally be doubted that the absorption of lysine in the large intestine is
      significant in the protein metabolism. The absorption of utilizable lysine is
      practically completed at the end of the ileum. In the large intestine mainly the
      ammonia by the catabolic activity of the intestinal flora is absorbed and
      subsequently excreted through the intestines.

PMID- 6424635
TI  - [15N-labelled lysine in colostomized laying hens. 4. Incorporation of 15N-lysine
      into various amino acids of egg yolk and white].
AB  - Each of three colostomized laying hens received per os 0.2% L-Lysine with 48 atom
      % 15N-excess (15N') labelled in alpha-position in addition to a pelleted laying
      hen ration of 120 g over a period of 4 days. On the following 4 days they
      received equal amounts of unlabelled lysine. The eggs laid during the 8 days of
      the experiment were separated into the white of egg, the yolk and the eggshell,
      and the to and heavy nitrogen in the individual fractions were determined. Above
      that, 17 amino acids and their atom-%15N' were determined in the 19 samples of
      the white and yolk of egg. Of the total 15N' from the lysine fed in the 4 days,
      10.1% were found in the yolk, 10.5% in the white of egg and 1.1% in the eggshells
      of the eggs laid during the 8 days of the experiment. 85% of the total amino acid
      15N' of the yolk and 86% of the white of egg detected to be lysine-15N'. The 15N'
      amount of the other 16 amino acids was mainly concentrated in the two acid and
      basic amino acids. Approximately 50% of the non-lysine 15N' in the egg are
      contained in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and arginine. A very low
      incorporation of the labelled lysine only could be detected in the aromatic and
      sulphur-containing amino acids from both the yolk and the white of egg. 43% of
      the 15N' was detected in the 10 essential and semi-essential (except lysine) and
      57% in the 6 non-essential amino acids of the yolk and 52% and 48% resp. of the
      white of egg. One can summarize that the incorporation of 15N' into the egg shows
      the same development as that of the labelled amino acids of the wheat protein and
      that 15% of the lysine-15N' could be detected in the 16 other amino acids.

PMID- 6424636
TI  - Effect of virginiamycin on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in the rumen in
      vitro.
AB  - The effect of virginiamycin in incubations of rumen fluid with carbohydrate or
      protein substrate was investigated. In carbohydrate incubations, methane
      production was partially inhibited while propionate proportions increased. Total
      microbial growth was slightly decreased, but net microbial growth was
      considerably lower. Protein degradation was slightly lowered after addition of
      virginiamycin. These effects were compared with results obtained with other rumen
      manipulating additives.

PMID- 6424637
TI  - [Morphogenesis of chronic granulomatous inflammation in relation to the
      variability of the biological properties of the causative agent].
AB  - The relationship between morphogenesis of granuloma and biological properties of
      an infectious agent was studied on the model of experimental brucellosis induced
      by the R strain of Brucella abortus bovis. The inflammatory reaction in the
      animals infested with the R-strain of Brucella was found to be considerably
      reduced: the granulomas were smaller and had an appearance of focal accumulations
      of mononuclear phagocytes without a tendency for transformation into epithelioid
      and multinuclear giant cells which is typical of the "Bang granulomas" induced by
      the S-strain of Brucella. This poorly manifested granulomatosis was accompanied
      by a low level of the cell-mediated immunity. A hypothesis that the development
      of torpid and asymptomatic clinical forms of an infectious disease
      (pathomorhosis) is a result of the incomplete realization of phylogenetically
      evolved inflammatory and immune responses to the infectious agent with altered
      biological properties has been proposed.

PMID- 6424638
TI  - Amino acid transport in human tonsillar lymphocytes with regard to patient's age
      and tonsillar diseases.
AB  - Amino acid transport in human tonsillar lymphocytes was investigated in 32
      patients of various ages and with different tonsillar diseases. Tonsillar
      lymphocytes appeared to possess at least four different transport systems for
      neutral amino acids including the activated Na+-dependent A system transport. The
      transport activity of neutral amino acid was significantly higher in child cases
      than in adult cases. In adult cases with focal tonsillitis, tonsillar lymphocytes
      were taken from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and skin diseases as
      secondary lesions who showed good improvement of the skin lesions after
      tonsillectomy. These lymphocytes were revealed to have more activated Na+
      dependent transport than those from patients with skin diseases who showed poor
      improvement of the skin lesions after the tonsillectomy, and those from patients
      with recurrent tonsillitis. The characteristics of amino acid transport in human
      tonsillar lymphocytes and changes influenced by age and tonsillar diseases are
      discussed.

PMID- 6424639
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Fetal growth retardation ranks third after prematurity and malformations as a
      cause of perinatal deaths. Antenatal fetal monitoring (biochemical testing of
      fetoplacental function plus cardiotocography) has emerged as the most important
      means of reduction in the number of stillbirths and improvement in the quality of
      survival of infants who are born alive. Clinical acumen combined with biochemical
      and/or ultrasonographic testing will identify no more than 70% of growth retarded
      fetuses. However, not all small for dates fetuses are at risk, and many doomed to
      die in utero are not by definition, growth retarded. It should be the
      obstetrician's aim to identify the fetus at risk of death from hypoxia whether
      growth retarded or not. Biochemical and ultrasonographic methods of testing are
      not truly comparable, since some aim to identify the growth retarded fetus,
      irrespective of his state of health, whereas others aim to detect fetoplacental
      dysfunction, irrespective of whether or not the fetus is growth retarded. With
      present methods of antenatal diagnosis and treatment and timing of delivery
      determined by nonstressed cardiotocography, the physical and intellectual
      prognosis of growth retarded infants is most satisfactory; follow-up studies have
      shown that only about 2% of these infants are severely handicapped.

PMID- 6424640
TI  - Genetic analysis of the circadian oviposition rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster:
      effects of drift in laboratory strains.

PMID- 6424641
TI  - A reexamination of the negative assortative mating phenomenon and its underlying
      mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6424642
TI  - [Detection of surface antigens in Borna virus-infected cells].

PMID- 6424643
TI  - [Calculation of water vapor formation in a swine-fattening stall by determination
      of the rate of airflow over the carbon dioxide scale].

PMID- 6424644
TI  - Genetic polymorphism and linkage of the sixth and seventh complement components
      (C6 and C7) in the common marmoset.
AB  - Using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and standard specific hemolytic
      detection methods, genetic polymorphisms have been found in the sixth and seventh
      complement components (C6 and C7) in two laboratory groups of Common marmosets.
      The C6 locus is highly variable and the products of six alleles were observed;
      three C7 alleles were found. Comprehensive breeding data indicated that both sets
      of alleles are inherited in an autosomal codominant manner. Many of the C6
      variants differed only by a minute charge interval. The C7 variant bands differed
      by large charge intervals and could only be clearly seen in plasmas that had been
      preincubated with neuraminidase. A linkage analysis of C6 and C7 phenotypes in
      three, two-generation families gives reasonable evidence that the two loci are
      linked in marmosets as they are in humans.

PMID- 6424645
TI  - The genetics of esterases in Drosophila. VIII. The gene regulating the activity
      of JH-esterase in D. virilis.
AB  - The content of JH-esterase was assayed by radial immunodiffusion in Drosophila
      virilis pupae under normal conditions and under the effects of extreme factors.
      It was found that JH-esterase content is the same (not different from the
      control) in pupae showing a high activity of the enzyme and in those not showing
      it. These data are evidence for a gene controlling JH-esterase activity. It was
      also shown that a regulatory factor converts inactive into active JH-esterase
      when homogenates of pupae, with active and inactive forms, were mixed and
      incubated together. It was demonstrated that the source of the activating factor
      is the larval brain. Sublines 147-R and 147-I were produced by introducing the
      second chromosome pair of stocks 103 and 101, which are heat resistant, into the
      genome of individuals of stock 147, which is heat sensitive. Sublines 160-III,
      160-IV, 160-V, and 160-VI were produced by introducing the third, fourth, fifth,
      and sixth chromosome pairs of stock 147 into the genome of stock 160S, which is
      heat-resistant. The results of analysis of JH-esterase activity and the viability
      of individuals of these sublines at high temperatures indicated that the gene
      regulating the activity of JH-esterase is located in the sixth chromosome of D.
      virilis.

PMID- 6424646
TI  - X-linked, polymorphic genetic variation of thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) in
      baboons and screening of additional primates.
AB  - X-linked polymorphic variation of thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) is observed in
      several human groups. Isoelectric focusing of plasma samples labeled in vitro
      with [125I]thyroxin, followed by autoradiography, also reveals genetically
      determined polymorphic electrophoretic variation in baboon TBG. The protein
      detected by this method in baboon plasma is immunologically similar to human TBG
      and is distinct from the other thyroxin-binding proteins, albumin and prealbumin.
      The isoelectric patterns of human and baboon TBG are very similar and both have
      an isoelectric range of pH 4.1 to 4.5. The baboon TBG polymorphism is inherited
      in a two-allele X-linked fashion, with a frequency of 72% for the "common" allele
      and 28% for the "slow" allele. A survey of seven other primate species including
      African green monkey, bonnet macaque, chimpanzee, crab-eating macaque, gorilla,
      rhesus monkey, and spider monkey revealed no polymorphic variation in TBG,
      although isoelectric patterns were similar to the human and baboon patterns. In
      addition, samples from pregnant chimpanzees demonstrate a pronounced quantitative
      anodal shift in relative band densities, a shift also observed in pregnant
      humans. This shift was not observed in samples from pregnant baboons. TBG should
      prove to be a useful X-linked genetic marker in baboons and provides a model of
      serum protein changes in pregnancy, at least in humans and chimpanzees.

PMID- 6424647
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for measuring cytochrome b5 and NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase in rat liver microsomal fractions. Evidence for
      functionally inactive protein.
AB  - Immunoreactive cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4)
      from rat liver microsomal fractions were measured by using an enzyme-linked
      immunoadsorbent assay (e.l.i.s.a.) as a function of age, sex and type of inducer
      (phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene), and the values were compared with those
      obtained by spectral measurement (for cytochrome b5) or enzymic assay (for
      reductase). In untreated animals, there was more cytochrome b5 and NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase when measured by an e.l.i.s.a. than was seen
      spectrally or enzymically. However, for microsomal preparations from
      phenobarbital-pretreated animals, spectrally obtained values for cytochrome b5
      and immunoreactive-cytochrome b5 values were similar. Values from control animals
      suggest that there is about 20-30% more immunoreactive cytochrome b5 than that
      which is spectrally detectable.

PMID- 6424648
TI  - 19F-n.m.r. studies of 3',5'-difluoromethotrexate binding to Lactobacillus casei
      dihydrofolate reductase. Molecular motion and coenzyme-induced conformational
      changes.
AB  - 19F-n.m.r. spectroscopy was used to study the binding of 3',5'
      difluoromethotrexate to dihydrofolate reductase (tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)
      from Lactobacillus casei. The benzoyl ring of the bound difluoromethotrexate was
      found to 'flip' about its symmetry axis, and the rate (7.3 X 10(3) s-1 at 298 K)
      and activation parameters for this process were determined by lineshape analysis
      of the 19F-n.m.r. spectrum at a series of temperatures in the range 273-308 K.
      The contributions to the barrier for this process are discussed. Addition of
      NADP+ or NADPH to form the enzyme-difluoromethotrexate-coenzyme ternary complex
      led to an increase in the rate of benzoyl ring flipping by a factor of 2.6-2.8
      fold, and to substantial changes in the 19F-n.m.r. chemical shifts. The possible
      nature of the coenzyme-induced conformational changes responsible for these
      effects is discussed.

PMID- 6424649
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase in human platelets.
AB  - The carbonic anhydrase activity of human platelets was investigated by measuring
      the kinetics of CO2 hydration in supernatants of platelet lysates by using a pH
      stopped-flow apparatus. An average carbonic anhydrase concentration of 2.1 microM
      was determined for pellets of human platelets. Analysis of the kinetic properties
      of this carbonic anhydrase yielded a Km value of 1.0 mM, a catalytic-centre
      activity kcat. of 130000 s-1 and an inhibition constant Ki towards ethoxzolamide
      of 0.3 nM. From these values, CO2 hydration inside platelets is estimated to be
      accelerated by a factor of 2500. When platelet lysates were subjected to affinity
      chromatography, only the high-activity carbonic anhydrase II could be eluted from
      the affinity column, whereas the carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, which is known
      to occur in high concentrations in human erythrocytes, appeared to be absent.

PMID- 6424650
TI  - Decreased protein-synthetic activity is an early consequence of spermidine
      depletion in rat hepatoma tissue-culture cells.
AB  - Hepatoma tissue-culture (HTC) cells were exposed to DL-alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMeOrn), a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase. Concomitantly with the decrease in spermidine, a decrease in the
      amount of ribosomes in polyribosomes was observed. Spermine concentrations
      remained essentially comparable with those in cells not exposed to this
      inhibitor. Exposure of putrescine- and spermidine-depleted HTC cells to
      spermidine or spermine rapidly reversed the effect of DFMeOrn on polyribosome
      profiles, whereas addition of putrescine to the cell culture medium had an effect
      only after its transformation into spermidine and spermine. The results show that
      the perturbation of polyribosome formation in DFMeOrn-treated HTC cells is due to
      spermidine deficiency and that a normal polyamine complement is required for
      optimal protein-synthetic activity in these cells. The results also indicate that
      protein synthesis is perturbed before DNA synthesis during depletion of
      putrescine and spermidine in HTC cells.

PMID- 6424651
TI  - Organic phosphates increase the solubility of avian haemoglobin D and embryonic
      chicken haemoglobin.
AB  - The isolated minor haemoglobin fractions (haemoglobin D) of ostrich, chicken and
      duck haemoglobin, which constitute about 30% of total intracellular haemoglobin,
      form crystalline aggregates upon deoxygenation at physiological temperature,
      ionic strength and pH and at haemoglobin concentrations even well below those
      present in the red cell. The aggregation is reversed by oxygenation, and can be
      inhibited by addition of organic phosphates or the corresponding major
      haemoglobin fraction in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. Embryonic haemoglobin from
      chicken has similar characteristics with respect to its solubility. The results
      indicate close functional homology of alpha D and embryonic pi-chains as well as
      a novel role for organic phosphates in the regulation of haemoglobin function.

PMID- 6424652
TI  - Chemical modification studies on Abrus agglutinin. Involvement of tryptophan
      residues in sugar binding.
AB  - The galactose-binding lectin from the seeds of the jequirity plant (Abrus
      precatorius) was subjected to various chemical modifications in order to detect
      the amino acid residues involved in its binding activity. Modification of lysine,
      tyrosine, arginine, histidine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues did not
      affect the carbohydrate-binding activity of the agglutinin. However, modification
      of tryptophan residues carried out in native and denaturing conditions with N
      bromosuccinimide and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide led to a complete loss of
      its carbohydrate-binding activity. Under denaturing conditions 30 tryptophan
      residues/molecule were modified by both reagents, whereas only 16 and 18
      residues/molecule were available for modification by N-bromosuccinimide and 2
      hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide respectively under native conditions. The relative
      loss in haemagglutinating activity after the modification of tryptophan residues
      indicates that two residues/molecule are required for the carbohydrate-binding
      activity of the agglutinin. A partial protection was observed in the presence of
      saturating concentrations of lactose (0.15 M). The decrease in fluorescence
      intensity of Abrus agglutinin on modification of tryptophan residues is linear in
      the absence of lactose and shows a biphasic pattern in the presence of lactose,
      indicating that tryptophan residues go from a similar to a different molecular
      environment on saccharide binding. The secondary structure of the protein remains
      practically unchanged upon modification of tryptophan residues, as indicated by
      c.d. and immunodiffusion studies, confirming that the loss in activity is due to
      modification only.

PMID- 6424653
TI  - Redox potentials of algal and cyanobacterial flavodoxins.
AB  - The redox potentials of flavodoxins from the cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC 6301
      (formerly Anacystis nidulans) and Nostoc strain MAC, and from the red alga
      Chondrus crispus, were determined by potentiometric titration. For the oxidized
      semiquinone interconversion the potentials at pH 7.0 of the three flavodoxins
      were between -210 and -235 mV, and these were pH-dependent over the range pH 6.9
      8.2. For the semiquinone-reduced interconversion the potentials of the
      cyanobacterial flavodoxins were close to -414 mV, and that for the algal
      flavodoxin, -370 mV, is the highest reported in this group of flavoproteins.

PMID- 6424654
TI  - Concentration of free oxaloacetate in the mitochondrial compartment of isolated
      liver cells.
AB  - The concentration of metabolically active (i.e. 'free') oxaloacetate in the
      mitochondrial compartment of isolated liver cells was investigated by two
      independent approaches. On the basis of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase
      maintaining equilibrium and the direct measurements of mitochondrial aspartate, 2
      oxoglutarate and glutamate, the concentration of free oxaloacetate was calculated
      to be 5 microM after incubation of hepatocytes in the presence of 1.5 mM-lactate
      and 0.05 mM-oleate. Gradually increasing oleate up to 0.5 mM decreased the free
      oxaloacetate to 2 microM. Very similar results were obtained when free
      oxaloacetate concentration was derived from the CO2 production of hepatocytes as
      a measure of citrate flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the kinetic
      data on citrate synthase in situ. The decrease in free oxaloacetate on increasing
      oleate concentration was associated with lowered rates of cycle-dependent CO2
      output and O2 uptake, indicating a decrease in the disposal of acetyl-CoA into
      the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This decrease could explain 25-30% of the increase
      in ketone-body production occurring at elevated fatty acid supply. This work
      documents on a quantitative basis the role of free oxaloacetate in the regulation
      of ketogenesis.

PMID- 6424655
TI  - Steroid-induced protein synthesis in giant-toad (Bufo marinus) urinary bladders.
      Correlation with natriferic activity.
AB  - We have identified a group of proteins (Mr approximately 70 000-80 000; pI
      approximately 5.5-6.0) in giant-toad (Bufo marinus) urinary bladders whose
      synthesis appears to be related to aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport.
      Spironolactone, a specific mineralocorticoid antagonist in renal epithelia,
      inhibits the synthesis of these proteins as well as the natriferic effect of the
      hormone. Since a variety of other steroids (some of which are traditionally
      considered to be glucocorticoids) also stimulate Na+ transport in toad urinary
      bladders, we examined whether their natriferic activity was expressed in a
      fashion similar to that of aldosterone. Short-circuit current was used to measure
      Na+ transport, and epithelial-cell protein synthesis was detected with high
      resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography. At a concentration of approximately 100 nM, dexamethasone,
      corticosterone and aldosterone were equinatriferic. Dexamethasone and aldosterone
      had identical dose-response curves, maximal and half-maximal activity being
      evident at concentrations of approximately 100 nM and 10 nM respectively. In
      contrast, at a concentration of approximately 10 nM, corticosterone had no effect
      on Na+ transport. The natriferic activities of these three steroids correlate
      with their known affinities for the putative mineralocorticoid receptor in toad
      urinary bladders. Natriferic concentrations of dexamethasone and corticosterone
      (140 nM) induced the synthesis of proteins with characteristics identical with
      those induced by aldosterone. Spironolactone, at an antagonist/agonist ratio of
      2000:1, inhibited steroid-induced Na+ transport and the synthesis of these
      proteins. Thus it appears that all natriferic steroids share a common mechanism
      of action in toad urinary bladders. Natriferic activity can be correlated not
      only with relative steroid-receptor affinity but also with the induction of a
      specific group of epithelial-cell proteins.

PMID- 6424656
TI  - Role of Ca2+ ions in the regulation of intramitochondrial metabolism in rat
      heart. Evidence from studies with isolated mitochondria that adrenaline activates
      the pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes by
      increasing the intramitochondrial concentration of Ca2+.
AB  - Increases in the amount of active, non-phosphorylated, pyruvate dehydrogenase
      which result from the perfusion of rat hearts with adrenaline were still evident
      during the preparation of mitochondria in sucrose-based media containing EGTA (at
      0 degrees C) and their subsequent incubation at 30 degrees C in Na+-free KCl
      based media containing respiratory substrates and EGTA. The differences from
      control values gradually diminished with time of incubation, but were still
      present after 8 min. Similar increases resulting from an increase in the
      concentration of Ca2+ in the perfusing medium also persisted. However, similar
      increases caused by 5 mM-pyruvate were only maintained during the preparation of
      mitochondria, not their incubation. Parallel increases, within incubated
      mitochondria, were found in the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
      complex assayed at a non-saturating concentration of 2-oxoglutarate. The
      enhancement of the activities of both of these Ca2+-sensitive enzymes within
      incubated mitochondria as a result of perfusion with adrenaline or a raised
      concentration of Ca2+ in the medium could be abolished within 1 min by the
      presence of 10 mM-NaCl. This effect of Na+ was blocked by 300 microM-diltiazem,
      which has been shown to inhibit Na+-induced egress of Ca2+ from rabbit heart
      mitochondria [Vaghy, Johnson, Matlib, Wang & Schwartz (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257,
      6000-6002]. The enhancements could also be abolished by increasing the
      extramitochondrial concentration of Ca2+ to a value where it caused maximal
      activation of the enzymes within control mitochondria. The results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that adrenaline activates rat heart pyruvate dehydrogenase by
      increasing the intramitochondrial concentration of Ca2+ and that this increase
      persists through to incubated mitochondria. Support for this conclusion was
      obtained by the yielding of a similar set of results from parallel experiments
      performed on control mitochondria that had firstly been preincubated (under
      conditions of steady-state Ca2+ cycling across the inner membrane) with
      sufficient proportions of Ca-EGTA buffers to achieve a similar degree of Ca2+
      activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (as caused by adrenaline) and had then
      undergone the isolation procedure again.

PMID- 6424657
TI  - Allosteric interactions of glycogen phosphorylase b. A crystallographic study of
      glucose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate binding to di-imidate-cross-linked
      phosphorylase b.
AB  - The binding to glycogen phosphorylase b of glucose 6-phosphate and inorganic
      phosphate (respectively allosteric inhibitor and substrate/activator of the
      enzyme) were studied in the crystal at 0.3 nm (3A) resolution. Glucose 6
      phosphate binds in the alpha-configuration at a site that is close to the AMP
      allosteric effector site at the subunit-subunit interface and promotes several
      conformational changes. The phosphate-binding site of the enzyme for glucose 6
      phosphate involves contacts to two cationic residues, Arg-309 and Lys-247. This
      site is also occupied in the inorganic-phosphate-binding studies and is therefore
      identified as a high-affinity phosphate-binding site. It is distinct from the
      weaker phosphate-binding site of the enzyme for AMP, which is 0.27 nm (2.7A)
      away. The glucose moiety of glucose 6-phosphate and the adenosine moiety of AMP
      do not overlap. The results provide a structural explanation for the kinetic
      observations that glucose 6-phosphate inhibition of AMP activation of
      phosphorylase b is partially competitive and highly co-operative. The results
      suggest that the transmission of allosteric conformational changes involves an
      increase in affinity at phosphate-binding sites and relative movements of alpha
      helices. In order to study glucose 6-phosphate and phosphate binding it was
      necessary to cross-link the crystals. The use of dimethyl malondi-imidate as a
      new cross-linking reagent in protein crystallography is discussed.

PMID- 6424658
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of carbonic anhydrase III in rat tissues.
AB  - A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the rat carbonic anhydrase III
      isoenzyme was developed. High concentrations of carbonic anhydrase III were
      detected in soleus muscle and male liver. Female liver and other skeletal muscles
      contained significantly lower concentrations, and only trace amounts were found
      in heart, prostate, kidney, brain, plasma, urine and, possibly, erythrocytes.

PMID- 6424659
TI  - Histone modification in early and late Drosophila embryos.
AB  - Levels of histone acetylation and phosphorylation have been contrasted in two
      developmental states of Drosophila melanogaster. The 0-2 h nuclei of the
      syncitial blastula are characterized by rapid mitoses and DNA replication, but
      there is very little transcription. In the 18 h embryo there is considerable
      transcription and the mitotic rate is much slower. It has been found that (1)
      histone H1 from 2h nuclei is not highly phosphorylated. This observation is not
      in accord with the view that H1 hyperphosphorylation is essential to mitosis, but
      is compatible with the hypothesis that H1 phosphorylation in Drosophila species
      is related to heterochromatization. (2) Histone H4 from 2 h embryos shows high
      levels of the diacetyl form (H4-Ac2), which is principally outside the nucleus.
      This accords with the hypothesis that H4-Ac2 is the form in which H4 is deposited
      on to newly replicated DNA and shows that H4 acetylation is linked not only to
      transcription. (3) Histone H3 acetylation is similar in 2h and in 18h embryos. As
      with H4, this acetylation probably correlates with chromatin assembly and is not
      transcription-related. (4) Histone H2B carries no modification in 2h or in 18h
      embryos, and H2A shows a single modification in 2h embryos and two in 18 h
      embryos. H2B modification is thus not essential either in mitosis or replication,
      whereas H2A modification is important in one or both processes. (5) The
      nucleosomal protein D2 is equally present in 2h and 18 h embryos.

PMID- 6424660
TI  - The metabolic state of muscle in the isolated perfused rat hemicorpus in relation
      to rates of protein synthesis.
AB  - Measures of perfusion adequacy in perfused rat hemicorpus preparations were
      investigated as potential indices of tissue function during studies of muscle
      protein metabolism. Perfusion under normal conditions for up to 80 min resulted
      in rates of protein synthesis and concentrations of ATP in muscle that were
      similar to those in vivo, but phosphocreatine in muscle gradually decreased and
      muscle lactate increased. Hypoxic conditions led to lower rates of protein
      synthesis, lower phospho-creatine and raised lactate contents in muscle compared
      with normal perfusions, and ATP was slightly decreased. Hypoxic preparations also
      released more lactate and K+ into the medium and had higher perfusion pressures,
      but glucose uptake and muscle water content were not altered. In totally
      ischaemic muscle, concentrations of ATP and phosphocreatine were even lower than
      in hypoxic muscle, and that of lactate was higher. From 11 preparations perfused
      for 60 min under normal conditions, three were selected on the basis of lower
      muscle ATP content than the others. Preparations with low ATP also showed lower
      muscle phosphocreatine concentrations, O2 uptake and CO2 output, as well as
      higher perfusion pressure and muscle lactate concentrations than in the remaining
      preparations, but muscle water, ADP and AMP concentrations and lactate and K+
      flux were no different. In perfusions extended to 3 h, deterioration of function
      was more apparent. There were significant correlations between rates of protein
      synthesis and the concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate in two
      different muscles (r = 0.756-0.929), but not with any of the other indices
      investigated. Taken overall, these experiments showed that concentrations of ADP,
      AMP and water in muscle, rates of lactate and glucose metabolism, K+ output,
      perfusion pressure and blood gas parameters were unsuitable for distinguishing
      unsound from sound preparations, because they did not consistently demonstrate
      differences, or could not be ascribed to only muscle metabolism. It was found
      that ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate concentrations in muscle were the best
      indicators of impaired metabolic state in studies of protein synthesis.
      Measurements of these could be used on a routine basis for rejecting
      unsatisfactory preparations.

PMID- 6424661
TI  - Preparation of rat enterocyte mitochondria.
AB  - Rat enterocyte mitochondria were prepared with respiratory control ratios of 4 or
      5 and occasionally 6. When EGTA was excluded from the mitochondrial incubation
      medium the calculated P/O ratios were high, especially those based on the first
      addition of ADP. These ratios were lowered by increasing the EGTA concentration
      from 1 mM to 2 mM in the mitochondrial preparation medium and including 1 mM-EGTA
      in the incubation medium. The use of EDTA in the enterocyte isolation medium led
      to the mitochondria requiring added cytochrome c. Substituting EGTA for EDTA
      abolished this requirement. The mitochondrial fraction consisted of two
      components, an upper cream-coloured layer rich in DNA and a lower brown-coloured
      layer poor in DNA. Both components were capable of oxidative phosphorylation with
      succinate or the glutamate/malate couple as substrates. The mitochondrial yield
      was assessed by assaying succinate dehydrogenase activity, and the contamination
      of the mitochondrial fraction by other cell organelles was assessed by assays for
      appropriate marker enzymes.

PMID- 6424662
TI  - Specificity studies on the oligosaccharide neuraminidase of human fibroblasts.
AB  - Competition and thermal inactivation experiments with different potential natural
      substrates indicated that in homogenates of human fibroblasts one single enzyme
      is acting on both (alpha 2-3) and (alpha 2-6) sialosyl linkages of
      oligosaccharides and glycoproteins, but not of the ganglioside GM3. N
      Acetylneuraminic and 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acids are competitive
      inhibitors, whereas chondroitin 4-sulphate and the drug Suramin are potent
      inhibitors of undefined type.

PMID- 6424663
TI  - Biosynthesis of arabinogalactan-protein in Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)
      endosperm cells. Subcellular distribution of galactosyltransferases.
AB  - Intracellular membranes from protoplasts of Italian-ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
      endosperm cells have been fractionated on sucrose density gradients and
      identified on the basis of putative-marker-enzyme assays. Galactosyltransferases
      capable of incorporating galactose from UDP galactose into 66% ethanol-soluble
      products are associated with all membrane fractions. Affinity chromatography of
      the ethanol-insoluble products on (murine myeloma protein J539)-Sepharose reveals
      that the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of polymers containing (1----6)
      beta-D-galactose residues are associated exclusively with subcellular fractions
      enriched in Golgi-derived membranes. This suggests that the Golgi apparatus plays
      an important part in the synthesis of the carbohydrate component of the ryegrass
      arabinogalactan-protein.

PMID- 6424665
TI  - Modulation of c-myc expression in the HL-60 cell line.
AB  - A decrease in the expression of the myc proto-oncogene of HL-60 cells has been
      reported as an accompaniment of myeloid differentiation induced by either
      dimethylsulfoxide or retinoic acid. We report herein that several inhibitors of
      poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase induced myeloid differentiation in HL-60 cultures.
      Studies on the expression of the c-myc gene in total cell RNA populations
      indicate that expression of this gene is inversely correlated with the state of
      differentiation, either myeloid or monocytic, of the cultured cells independent
      of the inducer and the rate of cell proliferation.

PMID- 6424664
TI  - Transfer of intestine-derived diamines into tumour cells during treatment of
      Ehrlich-ascites--carcinoma-bearing mice with polyamine anti-metabolites.
AB  - Treatment of Ehrlich-ascites-carcinoma-bearing mice with methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) alone or in combination with 2-difluoromethylornithine
      greatly enhanced the transfer of intragastrically administered radioactive
      putrescine and cadaverine into the carcinoma cells. Difluoromethylornithine alone
      did not have any effect on the accumulation of intestine-derived diamines in the
      tumour cells. The frequently reported restoration of difluoromethylornithine
      induced polyamine depletion on administration of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) is in all likelihood attributable to a profound inhibition
      of intestinal diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6), resulting in an enhanced entry of
      intestinal (bacterial) diamines into general circulation and finally into tumour
      cells.

PMID- 6424666
TI  - Chronic regulation by thyrotropin of arachidonic acid incorporation in
      cholesteryl esters of cultured thyroid cells.
AB  - During short term incubations, radioactive arachidonic acid and palmitic acid
      were incorporated in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipids of cultured
      thyroid cells. Three times more arachidonic than palmitic acid was incorporated
      and the incorporation of both was dependent upon the culture conditions: the
      presence of 1 mU/ml thyrotropin in the culture medium during four days almost
      completely inhibited the subsequent incorporation of the two fatty acids in the
      cholesteryl ester fraction whereas the total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester
      content of the cells was not affected.

PMID- 6424667
TI  - A new type of glycogen storage disease caused by deficiency of cardiac
      phosphorylase kinase.
AB  - A five-month-old Japanese boy was found to have marked glycogen accumulation only
      in the heart. A survey of enzymes revealed normal activities of phosphorylase,
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, acid maltase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase.
      However, the heart had capacity of activating neither rabbit muscle phosphorylase
      b nor endogenous phosphorylase b, which was converted to active form only when
      supplemented rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. In contrast to the heart,
      activities of phosphorylase kinase were found within normal levels in other organ
      tissues so far tested. These findings indicate that the present case of the
      cardiac glycogenosis is caused by deficiency of cardiac phosphorylase kinase.

PMID- 6424668
TI  - Modification of specific lysine residues in E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase by
      crosslinking to E. coli formylmethionine tRNA.
AB  - A protein affinity labeling derivative of E. coli tRNAfMet has been prepared
      which carries an average of one reactive side chain per molecule, distributed
      over four structural regions. Each side chain contains a disulfide bond capable
      of reaction with cysteine residues and an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group
      capable of coupling to lysine epsilon-amino groups in proteins. Reaction of the
      modified tRNA with E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase leads to crosslinking only
      by reaction with lysine residues in the protein. Examination of the tRNA present
      in the crosslinked complex reveals that the enzyme is coupled to side chains
      attached to the 5' terminal nucleotide, the dihydrouridine loop, the anticodon
      and the CCA sequence. Digestion of the crosslinked enzyme with trypsin followed
      by peptide mapping reveals that the major crosslinking reactions occur at four
      specific lysine residues, with minor reaction at two additional sites. Native
      methionyl-tRNA synthetase contains 90 lysine residues, 45 in unique sequences of
      the dimeric alpha 2 enzyme. Crosslinking of the protein to different regions in
      tRNAfMet thus occurs with the high degree of selectivity necessary for use in
      determining the peptide sequences which are near specific nucleotide sequences of
      tRNA bound to the protein.

PMID- 6424669
TI  - Differential actions of FSH and androgens on progesterone catabolism by rat
      granulosa cells.
AB  - Rat granulosa cells were preincubated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, 1
      micrograms/ml) and/or androgens (testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone,
      0.5 microM) and subsequent [4-14C]progesterone metabolism by these cells was
      studied. Granulosa cells metabolized radiolabeled progesterone to three major
      products 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20
      one, and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol. Androgens, but not FSH,
      decreased overall progesterone utilization. Both FSH and androgens decreased
      conversion of progesterone to 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. The accumulation
      of 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol was increased by FSH, decreased by
      testosterone, and not altered by 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The accumulation of
      3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one was significantly increased by both FSH
      and androgens. Present results indicate that FSH as well as androgens modulate
      progesterone metabolism by rat granulosa cells. FSH appears to increase 5 alpha
      reductase activity and/or decrease 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
      while androgens decrease only 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 6424670
TI  - Arsenite-induced changes in methylation of the 70,000 dalton heat shock proteins
      in chicken embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Methylated lysyl and arginyl residues are present in the two major heat shock
      proteins, hsp70A and hsp70B, of chicken embryo fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate
      that this methylation can be modulated by sodium arsenite, a chemical that
      increases the synthesis of hsp70. In particular, in hsp70A the amount of epsilon
      N-trimethyl-lysine significantly decreases and the amount of epsilon-N-dimethyl
      lysine and epsilon-N-monomethyl-lysine increases, while in hsp70B, the quantity
      of NG-monomethyl-arginine is reduced fivefold after arsenite treatment. To
      determine the specificity of these changes in methylation the pool size of S
      adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) and the total cellular level of methylated protein
      was measured. After arsenite treatment, no significant change in AdoMet pool size
      and the level of protein methylation was observed with the exception of an
      apparent increase in NG-monomethyl-arginine in total cellular protein. Thus, the
      arsenite-induced changes in methylation of hsp70 polypeptides are not a
      generalized phenomenon and may reflect a modulation in the structure or function
      of these two polypeptides after their induced synthesis by this chemical.

PMID- 6424671
TI  - Characterization of the precursor form of the exocellular levansucrase from
      Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Expression of the cloned levansucrase gene (sacB) was demonstrated in E. coli
      minicells by assay of the enzyme in crude extracts, SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The existence of a precursor form of the
      enzyme of MW 53000 was also demonstrated and confirmed by the DNA sequence
      corresponding to the NH2 terminal region of the protein.

PMID- 6424672
TI  - Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in macrophages.
AB  - The activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cyclic AMP-PK) was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in thioglycollate-elicited than in
      resident rat peritoneal macrophages. The activity ratio of the enzyme (its
      activity in the absence of added cyclic AMP divided by that in the presence of 5
      microM cyclic AMP) was similar in the two cell types. The divalent ion ionophore
      A23187 induced a rapid increase in the activity ratio of cyclic AMP-PK in both
      macrophage types. This effect was blocked by pretreating the cells with
      indomethacin or aspirin (inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase) and bromo-phenacyl
      bromide (an inhibitor of phospholipase A2), implicating the synthesis of a
      prostanoid as an intermediary step. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, 8-bromo cyclic AMP and
      cholera toxin, all of which inhibit chemiluminescence and/or PG formation in
      macrophages, increased the activity ratio of cyclic AMP-PK in these cells. We
      propose that the activation of cyclic AMP-PK plays a central role in the response
      of macrophages to both endogenously-generated and exogenously added PGE.

PMID- 6424673
TI  - Short term regulation by lysine of ornithine decarboxylase activity in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - A transitory increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity has been observed soon
      after food removal from Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba. This increase can be
      prevented by supplementation of the differentiation buffer with the 11 amino
      acids known for their ability to retard the development of this slime mold.
      Lysine can replace the amino acid mixture with an apparent inhibition constant of
      50 micromolar. This inhibition by lysine, which was only observed in vivo, took
      place within 5 min and was readily reversed upon lysine removal.

PMID- 6424674
TI  - Retrohydroxamate ferrichrome, a biomimetic analogue of ferrichrome.
AB  - A new synthetic analogue of ferrichrome, retrohydroxamate ferrichrome, has been
      examined for biological activity. Although spectroscopic evidence indicates that
      the analogue is a weaker Fe(III) chelator than ferrichrome, retrohydroxamate
      ferrichrome is indistinguishable from ferrichrome in its growth factor activity
      for Arthrobacter flavescens, and in its potency in antagonizing the antibiotic
      activity of albomyhcin against Bacillus subtilis. It is as active as ferrichrome
      as a siderophore for the fungus, Ustaligo sphaerogena. In contrast,
      desmethylretrohydroxamate ferrichrome shows no significant biological activity.

PMID- 6424675
TI  - Phosphoproteins altered by antiproliferative doses of human interferon- beta in a
      human bladder carcinoma cell line.
AB  - Phosphoproteins of control and IFN-beta treated human bladder carcinoma cells
      (RT4) were labelled in vitro with [32P]-ATP and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Cells treated with antiproliferative doses of IFN had reduced
      levels of phosphorylated 60 Kd and 40 Kd proteins. IFN also induced within 24
      hours the modification of a low molecular weight phosphoprotein doublet in the 22
      24,000 molecular weight range. The ability to phosphorylate high molecular weight
      proteins by the in vitro procedures was generally depressed by IFN treatment.
      There was a dramatic shift in the phosphorylation of alkali stable phosphoamino
      acids associated with proteins in the 43-50,000 molecular weight range in IFN
      treated cells. Preliminary studies indicate that at least some of the IFN-induced
      modifications of cellular phosphoproteins may result from transcriptional control
      of specific oncogenes.

PMID- 6424676
TI  - Serologic and immunochromatographic detection of oxygenated polyenoic acids in
      Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris.
AB  - Acetone extracts of Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Cori contain several
      lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products as measured by radioimmuno-assay. Three
      times more of the serologically active products are found in cells grown in the
      dark than in cells grown in the light. Lack of coincidence of their retention
      times on high performance liquid chromatography with authentic oxygenation
      products of arachidonic acid suggest that most of the serologically active
      compounds are derivatives of polyenoic fatty acids other than arachidonic acid.
      Several fractions react with anti-12-hydroxyarachidonic acid (an antiserum that
      recognizes mono- and di-hydroxyarachidonic acids). Three of these fractions have
      UV absorption spectra characteristic of conjugated trienes.

PMID- 6424677
TI  - Identification of four distinct serine proteinase inhibitors in rat skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - The serine proteinase inhibitory capacity in the cytosolic fraction of rat
      skeletal muscle tissue is accounted for by several discrete inhibitory
      activities. Three of these activities are identical with the proteinase
      inhibitors alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, rat proteinase inhibitor I and rat
      proteinase inhibitor I I respectively, which have been recently characterized as
      major serine proteinase inhibitors in rat serum (Kuehn, L., Rutschmann, M.,
      Dahlmann, B. and Reinauer, H. (1984) Biochem. J. 218, in the press). The other
      inhibitor molecule, having an Mr of about 15 000, appears to be an endogenous
      inhibitor.

PMID- 6424678
TI  - Hepatic drug metabolism in rats with experimental chronic renal failure.
AB  - The activities of several hepatic microsomal, mitochondrial, and cytosolic drug
      metabolizing enzymes, as well as the components of the cytochrome P-450 system,
      were determined in vitro for control, sham-operated, and uremic rats. Chronic
      renal failure (CRF) was produced by a two-stage surgical procedure. In this
      model, the animals were maintained for 21 days postoperatively before assay.
      During this time, serum urea nitrogen (SUN) levels rose from control levels of 21
      mg/dl to an average of 63 mg/dl. Enzymes assayed included microsomal N-, O-, and
      S-demethylases, esterase, and UDP-glucuronyl transferase; monoamine oxidase; and
      alcohol dehydrogenase. CRF caused decreases of 24-32% in N- and O-demethylase
      activities, while S-demethylase, esterase, UDP-glucuronyl transferase, and
      monoamine oxidase activities were not altered significantly. Alcohol
      dehydrogenase activity was increased 71%. In addition, the functional components
      of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system were assayed. CRF caused a 26%
      decrease in cytochrome P-450 levels, as compared to sham-operated controls, but
      cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase were not altered. CRF
      caused an increase in hexobarbital sleeping time of more than 7-fold. In each
      case, alterations in enzyme activities or cytochrome P-450 correlated with the
      extent of renal failure, as determined by elevated SUN levels.

PMID- 6424679
TI  - Metabolism of deoxynucleosides by lymphocytes in long-term culture deficient in
      different purine enzymes.
AB  - The metabolism of 8-14C-labelled 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAR) and 2'-deoxyguanosine
      (dGR) has been investigated using lymphocytes in long-term culture transformed by
      Epstein-Barr (EB) virus (B-cells) from eight patients with different inherited
      purine enzyme defects. The use of such lines enabled accurate mapping of the
      route of metabolism by acting as a 'trap' for the radiolabel at specific points.
      With either substrate (25 microM) most of the label was recovered in the medium.
      Using dAR, less than 30% of the radiolabel was incorporated into cellular
      nucleotides. For dGR, values were less than 18%. Studies with dAR alone confirmed
      the principal route of metabolism was to hypoxanthine, with further metabolism
      (by lines with intact salvage pathways) to ATP and GTP in the ratio of
      approximately 4:1. Lack of accumulation of deoxyinosine in the purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (PNP) deficient line, or hypoxanthine in the hypoxanthine guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficient line, using dAR together with the
      adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF) at 10 microM,
      confirmed the effectiveness of ADA inhibition. Nevertheless, some ATP was still
      formed by all lines in the presence of dCF by a route as yet unknown. Only the
      ADA deficient lines formed dATP with dAR alone. However, some dATP was formed by
      all lines in the presence of dCF. A partially HGPRT deficient line formed
      extremely high dATP levels, well in excess of those formed by the T-cell line
      CEM. Studies with dGR revealed some interesting differences, a large proportion
      of the substrate being metabolized predominantly to xanthine by most enzyme
      deficient lines. In the PNP deficient line most of the substrate remained
      unmetabolized, but some dGTP was formed. No other enzyme deficient line formed
      any dGTP--with or without the PNP inhibitor 8-aminoguanosine (8-NH2GR)--with one
      exception. Again this was the partially HGPRT deficient line, which with the
      inhibitor again formed more dGTP than the T-cell line. Within the cells most of
      the substrate was metabolized to GTP, except in the PNP, and totally HGPRT
      deficient lines. Levels of GTP formed were not altered by the inhibitor,
      reflecting the lack of effective PNP inhibition by 8-NH2GR. Some counts were also
      found in ATP and IMP, confirming the existence of this route in mammalian cells
      of lymphoid origin. The results also support previous studies by us using cell
      lines with intact purine pathways, which demonstrated that, contrary to current
      beliefs, some B-cell lines are capable of accumulating high levels of
      deoxynucleotides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6424680
TI  - Hydralazine inhibition of the post-translational hydroxylation of deoxyhypusine,
      a polyamine-derived amino acid.
AB  - Logarithmically growing Chinese hamster ovary cells, cultured in the presence of
      [1,4-14C]putrescine, synthesize a protein(s) containing the unusual amino acid
      hypusine [N epsilon-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. This protein was separated
      and identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The
      labeled hypusine isolated from an acid hydrolysate of the cell protein by ion
      exchange chromatography was identified by oxidative degradation and analyses of
      the products. Hydralazine, one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for the
      treatment of moderate to severe hypertension, added to the culture, resulted in
      the accumulation of a protein(s) containing the precursor amino acid
      deoxyhypusine [N epsilon-(4-aminobutyl)lysine]. Demonstration of this
      intermediate and its subsequent conversion to hypusine suggests that the
      synthesis occurs in several steps, one of these involving a hydroxylation
      reaction which can be inhibited by hydralazine.

PMID- 6424681
TI  - Factors which may be significant regarding regulation of the clofibrate-dependent
      induction of hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation and hepatomegaly.
AB  - The stimulation of hepatic polyamine metabolism observed 5 hr following
      intraperitoneal injection of clofibrate to rats was completely abolished
      following prior treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. No induction of
      peroxisomal beta-oxidation could be observed 5 hr after injection of clofibrate,
      although appreciable induction occurred 10 hr after injection. Prior treatment
      with difluoromethylornithine partially inhibited this induction. On chronic
      treatment with clofibrate together with difluoro-methylornithine, clofibrate
      dependent induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, as well as of the
      hepatomegaly, was partially inhibited. In hypophysectomized rats, no stimulation
      of polyamine metabolism was found following acute administration of a single dose
      of clofibrate. In thyroidectomized and in adrenalectomized animals, this
      stimulation was apparent, although the levels of activity were only some 10% of
      control levels. In hypophysectomized, in thyroidectomized and in adrenalectomized
      rats, appreciable induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation occurred on chronic
      treatment with clofibrate. However, no hepatomegaly was observed in these
      animals.

PMID- 6424682
TI  - Inorganic mercury secretion into bile as a low molecular weight complex.
AB  - Previous studies on the biliary secretion of inorganic mercury have concluded
      that inorganic mercury in bile is bound almost exclusively to substances of high
      molecular weight (HMW). In contrast, our results showed that inorganic mercury in
      bile is bound predominantly to a substance of low molecular weight (LMW), which
      is most likely glutathione (GSH). The previously reported binding of inorganic
      mercury to bile proteins is now explained as a postsecretory in vitro artifact
      resulting from the rapid oxidation of endogenous GSH which occurs during the
      collection and storage of bile samples. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 of
      freshly collected bile from rats treated with 203HgCl2 or of control bile
      supplemented in vitro with 203HgCl2 showed that most of the mercury was in the
      LMW fraction. On Sephadex G-25, the biliary mercury peak co-eluted with the
      mercury-GSH standard. However, when bile was allowed to stand at room
      temperature, there was a time-dependent shift of the mercury towards the HMW
      fraction. The rate of this shift was proportional to the rate of oxidation of GSH
      in bile. When GSH oxidation was inhibited by collecting bile in EDTA at 4
      degrees, the mercury remained associated with the LMW fraction. At a given GSH
      concentration in bile, the fraction of mercury bound to the HMW fraction was
      independent of mercury concentration, in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 microM HgCl2.
      These results suggest that the inorganic mercury was secreted into bile complexed
      with a LMW substance. This LMW substance has been tentatively identified as GSH.

PMID- 6424683
TI  - Studies of the mode of action of antitumour triazenes and triazines-V. The
      correlation of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumour activity of
      hexamethylmelamine analogues with their metabolism.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to ascertain whether the antitumour activity of
      hexamethylmelamine analogues correlated with their in vitro cytotoxicity and
      metabolism. Two analogues, namely pentamethylmelamine (PMM) and 2,2,4,4
      tetramethylmelamine (TMM), and hexamethylmelamine (HMM) itself were shown to be
      active towards the murine ADJ/PC6A (PC6) plasmacytoma; another three, 2-chloro
      4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (CBDT), 2,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-6-hydrazino
      1, 3,5-triazine (HBDT) and 2,4,6-trimethylmelamine (TriMM) were inactive against
      the same tumour. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was examined against a PC6
      tumour cell line in vitro. In the absence of liver microsomal activation only
      CBDT proved to be significantly cytotoxic at a concentration of 5 mM. In the
      presence of murine liver microsomes the three active antitumour agents were all
      cytotoxic at this concentration whereas HBDT and TriMM remained non-toxic. The
      degree of cytotoxicity correlated with the extent of metabolism for these
      analogues. The products of biotransformation of these compounds were stable
      precursors of formaldehyde (presumably N-hydroxymethyl intermediates) (FP) rather
      than formaldehyde itself. After injection of these 6 compounds to Balb/c mice the
      levels of FP generated in the plasma were markedly greater for the three active
      antitumour agents than for the inactive analogs. No free formaldehyde was
      detected in the plasma after administration of any of the compounds. These
      results suggest that for these compounds in vitro cytotoxicity correlates with in
      vitro biotransformation and their antitumour activity correlates with plasma
      levels of FP generated by metabolism in vivo.

PMID- 6424684
TI  - The effect of cyanide on the uptake of gold by red blood cells.
AB  - Cyanide markedly increased the rate of uptake of gold by red blood cells when
      incubated with sodium aurothiomalate, a polymeric gold complex. Thiocyanate had
      no significant effect on gold uptake. The effect of cyanide was demonstrated to
      be due to the conversion of aurothiomalate to the complexion, aurocyanide, which
      is rapidly taken up by red blood cells. At a low ratio (1:20) of cyanide to
      aurothiomalate, cyanide appeared to act as a shuttle to carry gold into red blood
      cells. Tobacco smoking is known to increase the concentrations of gold in red
      blood cells in patients treated with aurothiomalate. The present data indicate
      that this effect of smoking is most likely due to cyanide inhaled in tobacco
      smoke and not to thiocyanate, a circulating metabolite of cyanide. An effect of
      cyanide on the uptake of polymeric gold complexes to target cells such as
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes is suggested.

PMID- 6424685
TI  - Pentose pathway of glucose metabolism in isolated granular pneumocytes. Metabolic
      regulation and stimulation by paraquat.
AB  - Activity of the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism was measured in
      isolated granular pneumocytes under a variety of metabolic conditions known to
      alter this pathway in intact lungs. Granular pneumocytes were isolated by
      trypsinization of rat lungs and maintained in primary culture for 24 hr before
      use. Cells were incubated for 1 hr at 37 degrees with 5.5 mM glucose specifically
      labeled as 1-14C, 6-14C, U-14C, or 5-3H for determination of glucose utilization,
      pentose cycle activity, and partition of CO2 production between mitochondrial and
      pentose pathways. With control cells, total glucose utilization was 111 +/- 4.8
      nmoles X hr-1 X (10(6) cells)-1 (mean +/- S.E., N = 19), and 2.2% was metabolized
      by the pentose cycle. Pentose cycle CO2 production was 7.3 nmoles X hr-1 X (10(6)
      cells)-1 representing 34% of total CO2 production. Dinitrophenol (50 microM)
      stimulated mitochondrial CO2 production 5-fold but had no effect on the pentose
      cycle activity. Phenazine methosulfate (5 microM) had no effect on mitochondrial
      activity but stimulated pentose cycle activity 15-fold. Antimycin A (0.4
      micrograms/ml) markedly inhibited both pathways. After a 30-min preincubation
      with paraquat (3 mM), the pentose cycle CO2 production increased to 107 nmoles X
      hr-1 X (10(6) cells)-1 accounting for 39.6% of glucose utilization and 88.4% of
      CO2 production. Mitochondrial CO2 production was unchanged with paraquat. These
      studies demonstrate that the pentose cycle in resting granular pneumocytes
      accounts for a major fraction of the CO2 production from glucose and that
      activity of this pathway is regulated by the utilization of cytoplasmic reducing
      equivalents. Paraquat produces marked stimulation of pentose cycle activity in
      granular pneumocytes, resulting in maximal utilization of cytoplasmic NADPH.

PMID- 6424686
TI  - Work disability before and after total hip arthroplasty. Assessment of
      effectiveness in reducing disability.
AB  - We evaluated the impact of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on work disability among
      working age persons. Just over one-third of those totally work disabled prior to
      THA were working at 1 or at 4 years after surgery. A significant long-term
      decrease in work disability after surgery was demonstrated by estimating
      disability prevented by THA, but the decrease was less than suggested by the
      literature. Preoperative work status and the number of painful joints were
      significant predictors of return to work.

PMID- 6424687
TI  - Effects of dextro-thyroxine, a preparation almost free of levo-thyroxine, on
      thyroid function, serum lipids and apolipoprotein A-I in "double pre-beta
      lipoproteinemia".
AB  - Eight subjects, belonging to a large family kindred repeatedly showing the
      electrophoretic pattern of the "double pre-beta lipoproteinemia", were studied.
      In seven of them thyroid function, serum lipids and apolipoprotein A-I were
      determined before and after treatment with dextro-thyroxine, preparation almost
      free of levo-thyroxine. In most of the patients, total-T4 levels and free-T4
      Index were in the lower normal range, but basal TSH levels and the TSH response
      to TRH were normal. Dextro-thyroxine was effective in reducing both serum total
      cholesterol and triglycerides, but the percentage decrease in serum triglycerides
      was definitely greater than that of serum total cholesterol. This marked,
      unexpected hypotriglyceridemic effect is similar to that observed in a group of
      obese, hypertriglyceridemic hypothyroid patients treated with levo-thyroxine.
      Besides serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, the VLDL
      cholesterol/triglycerides ratio and the electrophoretic "slow moving" pre-beta
      component were also significantly reduced after treatment, suggesting that dextro
      thyroxine can remove efficiently "remnant" VLDL particles from the plasma.
      Following dextro-thyroxine therapy, the relatively low pretreatment values of
      apolipoprotein A-I were significantly increased, being restored to normal.

PMID- 6424688
TI  - Separation of the isoprotein forms of apoprotein A-I of rat, rabbit and human HDL
      by combined isoelectrofocusing and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The distribution and the relative content of the isoprotein forms (isoforms) of
      apoprotein A-I (apo A-I) of HDL isolated from rat, rabbit and human plasma were
      studied by combined isoelectrofocusing and SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Rat apo A-I consists of seven isoforms having the same molecular
      weight (27,000) and moving in the 6.44-5.58 pH range. Isoforms 4, 5 and 6 are the
      major ones. Both rat HDL2 (1.090-1.210 g/ml) and purified rat apo A-I contain
      additional minor bands (designated 4a, 5a and 6a) which have the same isoelectric
      point as isoforms 4-6 but higher molecular weight (27,900). It is suggested that
      they might represent precursors of the main apo A-I isoforms. Rabbit apo A-I
      contains five isoforms focusing in the 5.69-5.34 pH range. Isoform 4 accounts for
      about 90% of apo A-I mass. Human apo A-I consists of five isoforms focusing in
      the pH range 5.91-5.0. Isoforms 3 and 4 are the main ones: their respective
      contents show high degrees of individual variation.

PMID- 6424689
TI  - Diameter changes in rabbit aorta during fixation at physiological pressure.
AB  - The rabbit aorta distends considerably during glutaraldehyde infusion at 100 mm
      Hg, the distension at the beginning being both fastest and greatest. Over a 2-h
      period the degree of distension approached a maximum value which was clearly
      above the in vivo distension. Intimal folds were largely flattened, especially in
      experiments with the largest distension, but were clear among those with the
      least distension.

PMID- 6424690
TI  - Location and development of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries.

PMID- 6424691
TI  - Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles of women with two types of peripheral
      arterial disease.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish whether women with peripheral arterial
      disease can be distinguished from controls on the basis of plasma lipid and
      apolipoprotein profiles. One group of patients with peripheral arterial disease
      (n = 20) was characterized by a localized aortic stenosis referred to as the
      'small aorta syndrome' (SAS). The other group of patients with peripheral
      arterial disease (n = 23) had a diffuse segmental pattern of stenoses referred to
      as the 'stenosing peripheral arterial disease' (SPAD). After correcting for the
      effects of age and body mass index, the SAS group had elevated plasma total
      cholesterol (TC) levels when compared to normal controls (P less than or equal to
      0.008), while the SPAD group had triacylglycerol (TG) levels different from
      controls (P = 0.02). Both groups of patients were characterized by reduced levels
      of apolipoprotein A-I (P less than or equal to 0.04) and increased levels of
      apolipoprotein C-III (P less than or equal to 0.002). Apolipoproteins B and E
      were also elevated in both groups of patients but not significantly. Mutivariate
      analyses indicated that the A-I/C-III ratio correctly discriminated 97.8% of the
      SAS and the A-I/C-III ratio plus A-I discriminated 89.8% of the SPAD patient from
      the controls. In addition, multivariate analyses showed that the variables age,
      TC/Apo B, Apo B/C-III and TG/C-III discriminated SPAD from SAS patients with a
      correct classification of 93.2%. Results of this study showed that the
      measurement of apolipoproteins A-I, B and C-III in conjunction with TC and TG is
      of potential use for differentiating patients with peripheral arterial disease
      from normal controls as well as for distinguishing patients with SAS from those
      with SPAD. It seems that particular patterns of peripheral arterial disease in
      women may be associated with slightly different alterations in the plasma
      lipoprotein system.

PMID- 6424692
TI  - The effect of lipoproteins on the synthesis of prostacyclin, von Willebrand
      factor and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in cultured human endothelial cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of confluent human endothelial cells (ECM) were grown in media
      containing the major lipoproteins (LP) and lipoprotein deficient serum (LDS). The
      release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, von Willebrand factor (VIII RAg) and
      apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II were investigated by radioimmunoassay. The
      cell-associated VIII RAg, apo A-I and apo A-II were also confirmed by fluorescein
      antibodies, and the synthesis of the apolipoproteins was examined by
      incorporation of [3H]leucine. Apo A-I and apo A-II were located and synthesized
      in ECM, yet only apo A-I was released into the medium. Very low density (VLDL)
      and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in concentrations of 50-600 micrograms/ml
      stimulated release of apo A-I. Stimulation of ECM for 5 min with thrombin (T) or
      arachidonic acid (A) did not induce apo A-I release. VIII RAg was always released
      into the media from ECM. The release was not affected by the lipoproteins. VIII
      RAg was also localized on the cell surface (VIII RAgC) and approximately 80% was
      released by trypsin. LDL stimulated the occurrence of factor VIII RAg on the cell
      surface. 6-Keto PGF1 alpha was always released into the medium and the production
      was stimulated by T and AA. The main lipoproteins (50-600 micrograms/ml) and apo
      A-I and A-II did not affect the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. This study shows
      that endothelial cells synthesize and release proteins important for
      thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis. The release of apolipoproteins A-I was
      stimulated by VLDL and LDL, and the concentration of cell-related factor VIII RAg
      was stimulated by LDL.

PMID- 6424693
TI  - [Platelet dysfunction in children during treatment with sodium valproate].

PMID- 6424694
TI  - [Case of propionic acidemia].

PMID- 6424695
TI  - Proliferative patterns of lymphocytes in lymph nodes during tumour development:
      involvement of T and B cell areas.
AB  - DNA-synthetizing lymphocytes were identified in the lymph nodes regional and more
      distal to the site of developing P-815 tumours by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine
      followed by autoradiography of lymph node sections. It appeared that not only T
      but also B cell areas of draining and to a lesser extent of distal lymph nodes
      were stimulated by the growing tumour. This result was unexpected since neither
      humoral nor tumour cell-bound antibody could be identified so far as a functional
      correlate of B cell stimulation. In general the proliferative response of
      lymphocytes followed a biphasic pattern with an early peak of reactivity on days
      2-3 and a second peak around day 12-15 after tumour cell inoculation. In the
      draining (axillary) lymph node the second peak of reactivity was suppressed,
      possibly as a consequence of metastatic tumour cells in this node when tumour
      cells were inoculated in the flank. The pattern of lymphocyte stimulation
      revealed larger individual variations after tumour cell inoculation in the flank
      than the foot pad. These results were associated with a slower and less regular
      drainage of carbon particles from the flank to the axillary and exceptionally the
      brachial lymph node than from the foot pad to the popliteal node after injection
      of India ink.

PMID- 6424696
TI  - Biochemical alterations in the mouse induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its
      slime glycolipoprotein.
AB  - Mice, injected with either live cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or its slime
      glycolipoprotein (GLP), developed similar lethal syndromes. Within 14 h,
      biochemical changes in the sera, such as increased urea, aspartate
      aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine, as well as decreased
      glucose, albumin, total protein, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase, indicated
      liver and renal dysfunction. These marked alterations were in contrast with the
      minimal histopathological changes that occurred in these organs. Either live cell
      or GLP challenge also induced haemolysis in vivo. Immunization with GLP protected
      mice against most biochemical changes when challenged with live cells but did not
      protect GLP-challenged mice against the biochemical alterations assayed in the
      sera.

PMID- 6424697
TI  - A study of hypoallergenic diets and oral sodium cromoglycate in the management of
      atopic eczema.
AB  - Twenty-nine atopic children aged 3-12 years were given elimination diets for 3
      weeks, individual groups of foods being then reintroduced over 6 weeks. Most
      children improved whilst dieting and relapsed on return to normal food intake. In
      all but 4 cases some food group which caused exacerbation of symptoms was
      identified, fruits and colourings proving more of a problem than milk and eggs.
      Taking into account these suspected food allergens, tailored diets were designed
      for each child. Using these diets the group participated in a double-blind
      crossover trial of oral sodium cromoglycate (SCG) versus placebo. Twenty-two
      patients completed the trial. The results indicated that tailored diets were of
      value in the management of eczema but SCG did not produce a significant
      additional effect. At follow-up 1 year later most children were adhering to their
      diet; thirteen were better and only three worse. Children who had initially
      continued using SCG had stopped it; no accompanying change in their eczema was
      noticed. A considerable reduction in the use of topical steroids was observed, in
      marked contrast to previous requirements. Sequential measurements of total serum
      IgE (PRIST) showed variable changes apparently unrelated to recent SCG therapy.
      There was little agreement between skin prick tests and specific IgE (RAST) to
      corresponding foods. Correlation between RAST and food challenge was poor for
      positive results (r = 0.39) but good for negative results (r = 0.99).

PMID- 6424698
TI  - Localization of factor VIIIC: antigen in guinea-pig tissues and isolated liver
      cell fractions.
AB  - Factor VIIIC:antigen (VIII:CAg) was estimated in guinea-pig tissues by an
      immunoradiometric assay using a human inhibitor antibody. In homogenized guinea
      pig tissues, VIII:CAg was shown to be stable and to be predominantly located in
      the liver (9 +/- 1.2 units; mean +/- SEM, n = 8). Lesser amounts were detected in
      spleen (1.3 +/- 0.02 units), lung (0.6 +/- 0.07) and kidney (0.4 +/- 0.06). In
      isolated liver cell fractions separated by centrifugal elutriation VIII:CAg was
      mainly detected in the hepatocyte fraction (0.3 +/- 0.07 units/10(8) cells;mean
      +/- SEM, n = 5) and in lesser amounts in the endothelial (0.02 +/- 0.01
      units/10(8) cells) and the Kupffer cell fractions (0.05 +/- 0.02 units/10(8)
      cells). The liver concentration of VIII:CAg was (0.17 +/- 0.02 units/g) which was
      20% of the plasma concentration (0.96 +/- 0.01 units/ml, n = 8) suggesting that
      VIII:CAg may not be stored in the liver but is rapidly exported following
      synthesis.

PMID- 6424699
TI  - The effect of spicules obtained from sickle red cells on clotting activity.
AB  - Spicules from sickle red cells were examined for their effects on the clotting
      activity of blood. The spicules were obtained from the sickle red cells after
      deoxygenation and oxygenation and were tested for clotting activity with
      Russell's viper venom assay. A marked increase in clotting activity was observed
      when spicules were added to the system. The increase was distinctly greater than
      that observed after the addition of sickle red cells while normal red cells had
      little effect. Vesicles prepared from sickle or normal red cells by incubation
      with the ionophore A-23187+Ca2+ also markedly increased clotting activity. The
      effect of spicules or vesicles on the clotting system may be related to
      reorganization of phospholipid in the spectrin-poor membrane of the spicules or
      vesicles. Because of these effects, the spicules from the sickle red cells may
      contribute to the hypercoagulable state in these patients and possibly to their
      vaso-occlusive crises since free spicules are present in their plasma. Vesicles
      from red cells from other types of anaemia with hypercoagulability may have a
      similar effect on coagulation.

PMID- 6424700
TI  - Antibacterial activity in human amniotic fluid: relationship to zinc and
      phosphate.
AB  - Antibacterial activity, tested with B. subtilis, was present in all 44 human
      amniotic fluids at between 36 and 42 weeks of pregnancy and was unrelated to
      gestational age within these limits, or to maternal age or parity. High-molecular
      weight (beta-lysin) activity, present in all samples, was directly related to
      concentration of bound zinc, but not to that of free zinc. Low-molecular-weight
      antibacterial activity (less than 1000 Daltons) was only present in nine
      specimens, but sub-threshold concentrations were demonstrable by concentrating
      the ultrafiltrates in more than half of the remaining specimens. Low-molecular
      weight activity in the ultrafiltrates was directly related to the concentration
      of bound zinc in the original amniotic fluid. Neither high- nor low-molecular
      weight antibacterial activities were associated with amniotic fluid phosphate
      levels.

PMID- 6424701
TI  - Maternal plasma inhibition of prostaglandin synthase during human pregnancy,
      parturition and the puerperium.
AB  - To study the possibility that circulating endogenous inhibitor(s) of
      prostaglandin synthesis (EIPS) represent a control mechanism for prostaglandin
      production during human pregnancy and parturition, we have measured maternal
      plasma EIPS levels serially during pregnancy, labour and the puerperium, and
      cross-sectionally during the course of labour. No significant trends were
      detected in relation to pregnancy or parturition. These results do not support a
      role for maternal plasma EIPS in the control of prostaglandin production during
      human pregnancy or labour.

PMID- 6424702
TI  - Lupus anticoagulant in pregnancy.
AB  - In a group of 10 women with circulating lupus anticoagulant 25 intrauterine
      deaths were previously documented in the nine multigravidae. The presence of
      lupus anticoagulant activity was confirmed by showing prolongation of the
      activated partial thromboplastin time and kaolin clotting time with failure of
      correction of the prolongation on incubation with normal plasma. A clinical
      diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made in four women. Three had
      deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy, one chorea gravidarum while two had only
      recurrent fetal losses. All the women had positive antinuclear antibody tests and
      blood platelet counts less than 175 X 10(9)/l. Anti-smooth muscle antibody and
      VDRL tests were each positive in half the patients; anti-DNA antibody was present
      in two patients with clinically active SLE. In six pregnancies correction of the
      activated partial thromboplastin and kaolin clotting time was attempted using
      prednisone (40-60 mg/day); aspirin, 75 mg/day, was added. Five live infants were
      obtained, four by spontaneous delivery, when the restoration of the clotting
      abnormalities to normal was achieved. In one woman presenting with extensive deep
      vein thrombosis a live infant was delivered following therapeutic doses of
      heparin and low dose aspirin. Maternal lupus anticoagulant activity has major
      implications for pregnancy and should be excluded in women with a clinical
      suspicion of SLE, a positive antinuclear antibody test, thrombotic episodes,
      biologically false-positive VDRL and unexplained late or repetitive early fetal
      losses.

PMID- 6424703
TI  - Adult limbal xanthogranuloma.
AB  - An 18-year-old white man presented with a non-painful yellow raised swelling on
      the inferior limbus of his right eye. Systemic and ocular examination revealed no
      other abnormalities. The lesion was dealt with by simple excision, but when it
      recurred fairly soon it was removed in toto and replaced by a lamellar graft,
      without recurrence. Histological examination revealed a typical xanthogranuloma.
      The question is, why should a healthy male with no other manifestations develop a
      lesion like this on his limbus?

PMID- 6424704
TI  - Effect of pH on the activities of penicillopepsin and Rhizopus pepsin and a
      proposal for the productive substrate binding mode in penicillopepsin.
AB  - The pH dependence of kinetic parameters for penicillopepsin and Rhizopus pepsin
      acting on acetylalanyl-alanyllysyl-p-nitrophenylalanylalanylalanine amide has
      been determined. The velocity constants, Kcat, show optima between pH 4 and pH
      4.5. The Michaelis-Menten constants, Km, show a strong pH dependence for both
      enzymes and rise from low values at pH 6.0 (0.08 mM for penicillopepsin and 0.23
      mM for Rhizopus pepsin) to approximately 8 mM and 1.1 mM, respectively, at pH
      2.0. This dependence strongly suggests that for this substrate, with lysine in
      the P1 position, binding is controlled by negatively charged carboxyl group(s) on
      the enzyme. These groups have been tentatively identified in penicillopepsin as
      aspartic acid-115(114) and glutamic acid-16(13) on the basis of model building
      and by comparison with the binding of a pepstatin analogue. The S1 binding site
      also has hydrophobic character which shows itself in the low Km (0.004 mM) for
      the substrate leucylseryl-p-nitrophenylalanylnorleucylalanylleucine methyl ester.
      Tyrosine-75(75), phenylalanine-112(111), and leucine-121(120) are the most likely
      residues involved in the hydrophobic binding. The binding site for P1' residues
      is also hydrophobic and probably involves phenylalanine-190(189), isoleucine
      211(213), phenylalanine-295(299), and isoleucine-297(301). In light of the
      structure of penicillopepsin, now refined at 1.8-A resolution, the detailed
      binding mode of a pepstatin analogue also studied at 1.8-A resolution, and model
      building studies, a productive binding mode for the scissile bond to aspartyl
      proteinases is proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424705
TI  - Purification and characterization of chemotactic methylesterase from Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - By utilization of methanol evolution as an assay, a protein methylesterase from
      Bacillus subtilis has been purified. A 1200-fold purification has been achieved
      by CM-Bio-Gel A, hydroxylapatite, and Bio-Gel P-60 column chromatography. Gel
      filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate
      the enzyme is a monomer of 41 000 in molecular weight. The enzyme is stabilized
      and activated by aqueous glycerol solutions. Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins
      (MCPs) serve as substrates for the enzyme. The enzyme requires divalent cation
      for activity, with maximum activity obtained at 1.1 mM Mg2+. The enzyme is most
      active at pH 7.5 and at 28 degrees C. Methylesterase has an apparent Km for
      methylated MCPs of about 10 nM.

PMID- 6424706
TI  - Interaction of apolipoprotein AI from human serum high-density lipoprotein with
      egg yolk phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Apolipoprotein AI from human serum high-density lipoprotein has been recombined
      with egg yolk lecithin from ternary complexes of detergent-lipid-protein to from
      homogeneous spherical particles with maximum binding of 220 mol of lipid/2 mol of
      AI. This complex differs from those formed when n-alkyl detergents or short chain
      saturated diacylphosphatidylcholines interact with AI in that the maximum
      hydrophobic volume accommodated by the protein is increased as the result of
      increased alpha-helix content. Additionally, it is shown that no interaction
      occurs between AI and didecanolyphosphatidylcholine or egg yolk lecithin above
      their thermotropic phase transitions and in the absence of single-tail
      amphiphiles.

PMID- 6424707
TI  - Human blood platelet secretion: optical multichannel analyzer measurements using
      acriflavine as a release indicator.
AB  - Blood platelets preloaded with the fluorescent amine acriflavine release the
      trapped fluorophore after stimulation with thrombin or the divalent cation
      ionophore A23187. Release was detected by an increase in acriflavine
      fluorescence, which is otherwise strongly quenched in the platelet, by using an
      optical multichannel analyzer to monitor the spectral and temporal reaction
      parameters. The secretion of [14C]serotonin and acriflavine is well correlated,
      suggesting that acriflavine, like serotonin and the closely related fluorescent
      drugs mepacrine and acridine orange, is accumulated in and released from platelet
      dense bodies. Acriflavine secretion at 37 degrees C in the absence of external
      calcium is characterized by a short delay, followed by a rapid biphasic increase
      in fluorescence that implies at least a three-stage secretory process. For
      saturating levels of thrombin the delay was 1.5 s and release was 90% complete
      within 6-7 s. The delay could not be shortened by prestimulation under conditions
      that induce shape changes but not release, i.e., with ADP, arachidonic acid, or
      low levels of thrombin or A23187. Acriflavine secretion induced by A23187 was
      similar but less effective; the reaction was slower, the yield was smaller, and,
      in contrast to thrombin, the longer lag period could be significantly shortened
      by prestimulation.

PMID- 6424708
TI  - Neutral protease cleaving the N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen:
      partial purification and characterization of the enzyme from smooth muscle cells
      of bovine aorta.
AB  - Procollagen type III amino-terminal protease was detected in cultures of smooth
      muscle cells of fetal calf aorta, and this protease was purified about 400-fold.
      Only about half of the enzyme activity was consistently attached to concanavalin
      A-agarose (Con A-agarose). After affinity chromatography on type III pN-collagen
      Sepharose, the Con A bound fraction showed only one major band with a molecular
      weight of about 72000, this value corresponding well with the elution position of
      enzyme activity in gel filtration. The enzyme did not cleave procollagens type I
      or type IV, and denatured type III pN-collagen also remained uncleaved. The Km of
      the enzyme activity for iodo[14C]acetamide-labeled type III pN-collagen was 0.76
      microM. Neutral pH and Ca2+ wer required for maximal enzymic activity. The metal
      chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol bis(beta-amino
      ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid inhibited the activity as well as did
      dithiothreitol, but there was only little if any inhibition by several other
      proteinase inhibitors tested.

PMID- 6424709
TI  - Stoichiometric reduction of phenylalanine hydroxylase by its cofactor: a
      requirement for enzymatic activity.
AB  - We have found that rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase oxidizes a stoichiometric
      amount of its cofactor, 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (6MPH4), in a reaction
      that is independent of phenylalanine. The reaction requires oxygen, and one 6MPH4
      is oxidized per subunit of enzyme. A quinonoid dihydropterin is directly produced
      in the reaction, and there is no evidence for the intermediate formation of a 4a
      hydroxydihydropterin. Neither hydrogen peroxide nor superoxide anions were
      detected as products of the oxidation, and phenylalanine hydroxylase appears to
      be the sole electron acceptor from 6MPH4. Therefore, in a functional sense,
      phenylalanine hydroxylase is reduced by its cofactor. The reduced state of the
      enzyme is stable to activation by phenylalanine and during catalytic turnover,
      and the electrons on the reduced enzyme cannot be directly used to drive
      phenylalanine hydroxylation. Of greatest importance, enzyme reduction appears to
      be required for the formation of a catalytically active enzyme species.
      Phenylalanine hydroxylase is chemically and physically altered by reduction.
      Reduced enzyme exhibits (1) a greatly increased fluorescence, which is
      quantitatively related to the extent of reduction, (2) an altered UV-visible
      absorbance spectrum, (3) a greatly increased sensitivity to inactivation by
      hydrogen peroxide, and (4) a greatly decreased sensitivity to inhibition by Dopa
      which quantitatively correlates with the increase in enzyme fluorescence. Second
      order rate constants, kr, for the reduction of the enzyme by 6MPH4 have been
      determined and found to vary with pH, temperature, buffer, and enzyme activation:
      at pH 6.8, 25 degrees C, and in phosphate buffer, for phenylalanine-activated
      enzyme kr = 15 X 10(6) min-1 M-1. Tris is a competitive inhibitor with respect to
      6MPH4 of enzyme reduction and also of catalysis.

PMID- 6424710
TI  - Relationships between the chemical constitution of aggregation inhibitors and
      human blood platelet response profile.
AB  - Gradually altered synthetic entities were employed as molecular probes, and
      arachidonic acid, ADP, human alpha-thrombin and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 as
      aggregation-inducing agents, in a comprehensive study on the response profile of
      human blood platelets with an emphasis on the effects of exogenous and increased
      intracellular Ca2+. Corroborating further previous conclusions, some
      representative carbamoylpiperidine derivatives, at concentrations effecting
      substantial inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation, failed to retain that effect
      when 5.0 mM Ca2+ was introduced into the otherwise identical test medium;
      reference compounds chlorpromazine and propranolol registered corresponding
      inhibitory patterns. At increased concentrations the compounds' inhibitory
      potency was regenerated even in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+. In fact, in
      sufficiently high concentrations, the compounds were even capable of inhibiting
      aggregation elicited by 15 microM of the ionophore A23187; so did chlorpromazine
      and propranolol. Another set of congeners revealed the striking sensitivity of
      ionophore A23187-induced human blood platelet aggregation to the surface active
      potencies of inhibitor molecules. The loss in inhibitory potency was directly
      related to the lesser hydrophobic character of the molecule.

PMID- 6424711
TI  - Multiple forms of protyrosinase from Aspergillus oryzae and their mode of
      activation at pH 3.0.
AB  - This paper describes the isolation of three molecular forms (I-III) of
      protyrosinase and catalytically active tyrosinase ( monophenol
      ,dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.14.18.1) from fresh
      mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae BIR 128 by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, successive
      chromatographies and disc-gel electrophoresis. Experimental evidence is presented
      that purified protyrosinase is contaminated with firmly attached proteinases, and
      that this contamination may account for both the multiple molecular forms of
      protyrosinase /tyrosinase and the activation of the proenzyme at acidic pH (2.5
      3.0). The activation process of protyrosinase seems to be the result of a
      cleavage of the polypeptide chain by aspartic proteinase from Aspergillus (EC
      3.4.23.6) in the purified protyrosinase preparation. Protyrosinase and tyrosinase
      have different conformation, different stabilities and some different properties.

PMID- 6424712
TI  - Modification of a lysine residue of adrenodoxin reductase, essential for complex
      formation with adrenodoxin.
AB  - The NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase from
      NADPH to cytochrome c via adrenodoxin was inhibited by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and
      other reagents that modified the lysine residues. However, the NADPH-ferricyanide
      reductase activity was not affected. Loss of the cytochrome c reductase activity
      could be prevented by adrenodoxin, but not by NADP+. One lysine residue of the
      adrenodoxin reductase could be protected from the modification with pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate by complex formation with adrenodoxin. Loss of the NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase activity was not due to the conformational change of the modified
      adrenodoxin reductase, judging from circular dichroism spectrometric studies.

PMID- 6424713
TI  - Lysosomal involvement in cellular turnover of plasma membrane sphingomyelin.
AB  - At least two isoenzymes of sphingomyelinase (sphingomyelin
      cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.12), including lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase
      and nonlysosomal magnesium-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, catalyse the
      degradation of sphingomyelin in cultured human skin fibroblasts. A genetically
      determined disorder of sphingomyelin metabolism, type A Niemann-Pick disease, is
      characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase. To investigate
      the involvement of lysosomes in the degradation of cellular membrane
      sphingomyelin, we have undertaken studies to compare the turnover of plasma
      membrane sphingomyelin in fibroblasts from a patient with type A Niemann-Pick
      disease, which completely lack acid sphingomyelinase activity but retain
      nonlysosomal neutral sphingomyelinase activity, with turnover in fibroblasts from
      normal individuals. Plasma membrane sphingomyelin was labeled by incubating cells
      at low temperature with phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing radioactive
      sphingomyelin. A fluorescent analog of sphingomyelin, N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3
      diazoleaminocaproyl sphingosylphosphorylcholine (NBD-sphingomyelin) is seen to be
      readily transferred at low temperature from phosphatidylcholine liposomes to the
      plasma membranes of cultured human fibroblasts. Moreover, when kinetic studies
      were done in parallel, a constant ratio of [14C]oleoylsphingosylphosphorylcholine
      ( [14C]sphingomyelin) to NBD-sphingomyelin was taken up at low temperature by the
      fibroblast cells, suggesting that [14C]sphingomyelin undergoes a similar
      transfer. The comparison of sphingomyelin turnover at 37 degrees C in normal
      fibroblasts compared to Niemann-Pick diseased fibroblasts shows that a rapid
      turnover of plasma membrane-associated sphingomyelin within the first 30 min
      appears to be similar in both normal and Niemann-Pick diseased cells. This rapid
      turnover appears to be primarily due to rapid removal of the [14C]sphingomyelin
      from the cell surface into the incubation medium. During long-term incubation, an
      increase in the formation of [14C]ceramide correlating with the degradation of
      [14C]sphingomyelin is observed in normal fibroblasts. In contrast, the level of
      [14C]ceramide remains constant in Niemann-Pick diseased cells, which correlates
      with a higher level of intact [14C]sphingomyelin remaining in these cells
      compared to normal cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424714
TI  - Polycations as prostaglandin synthesis inducers. Stimulation of arachidonic acid
      release and prostaglandin synthesis in cultured fibroblasts by poly(L-lysine) and
      other synthetic polycations.
AB  - Poly(L-lysine) hydrobromide stimulates arachidonic acid release with concomitant
      synthesis and release of prostaglandins and lipoxygenase-mediated metabolites
      (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids) in cultures of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts
      biosynthetically labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid. The response is rapid,
      reversible with trypsin and persists for at least 50 min. An evaluation of the
      calcium dependence of the hydrolytic process was consistent with the rate
      limiting step involving a cell-surface, calcium-dependent enzyme. The response
      involves stimulated hydrolysis of arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids,
      implying the activation of a phospholipase. Arachidonic acid release is
      stimulated only by poly(L-lysine) hydrobromide preparations with a molecular
      weight greater than 30 000, which corresponds to a polypeptide chain of more than
      140 lysine hydrobromide residues. A variety of other polycations (Mr greater than
      30 000), but not polyanions or neutral polymers, stimulated arachidonic acid
      release and prostaglandin synthesis. The results are consistent with an
      activation mechanism involving cross-linking of anionic sites on the cell
      surface. Poly(L-lysine) hydrobromide is also cytotoxic, but the cytotoxic
      response occurs at 10-fold higher concentrations than arachidonic acid release.

PMID- 6424715
TI  - The inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets by RHC 80267, a
      diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor.
AB  - The diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, RHC 80267, 1,6-di(O-(carbamoyl)cyclohexanone
      oxime)hexane, was tested for its ability to block the release of arachidonic acid
      from human platelets. At a concentration (10 microM) reported to completely
      inhibit diacylglycerol lipase in fractions of broken platelets, RHC 80267 had no
      effect on diacylglycerol lipase activity or the release of arachidonic acid from
      washed human platelets stimulated with collagen. At a high concentration (250
      microM), the compound inhibited the formation of arachidonyl-monoacylglycerol by
      70% and the release of arachidonate by 60%. However, at this concentration RHC
      80267 was found to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity, phospholipase C activity and
      the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (presumably by inhibiting
      phospholipase A2). The phospholipase C inhibition was attributed to the
      inhibition of prostaglandin H2 formation, as it was alleviated by the addition of
      the endoperoxide analog, U-46619. PC hydrolysis was only partially restored with
      U-46619, suggesting that RHC 80267 directly alters phospholipase A2 activity. The
      inhibition of arachidonate release observed was accounted for by the inhibition
      of PC hydrolysis. We conclude that RHC 80267, because of its lack of specificity
      at concentrations needed to inhibit diacylglycerol lipase, is an unsuitable
      inhibitor for studying the release of arachidonic acid in intact human platelets.

PMID- 6424716
TI  - Interaction of model discoidal complexes of phosphatidylcholine and
      apolipoprotein A-I with plasma components. Physical and chemical properties of
      the transformed complexes.
AB  - Conversion of model discoidal complexes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and
      apolipoprotein A-I, upon interaction with a source of lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase (plasma d greater than or equal to 1.21 g/ml fraction or
      partially purified enzyme) and with different sources of substrate unesterified
      cholesterol (LDL, VLDL or cholesterol incorporated into complexes), was
      investigated by gradient gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, equilibrium density
      gradient ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy and chemical analysis. When the
      incubation mixture contained an inhibitor of lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase, discoidal complexes with mean long dimension of approximately
      10.5 +/- 1.9 nm were converted (within 1 h) predominantly to small round
      particles and were partially depleted of their phospholipid content. Upon
      electrophoresis the small particles showed peak maxima within the migration
      intervals of the human plasma ( HDL3b ) gge and ( HDL3c ) gge subpopulations with
      associated particle size ranges of 7.8-8.2 and 7.2-7.8 nm, respectively. Within 1
      h, in the presence of activated enzyme, the complexes were again converted in
      major part to the small particles. However, further incubation resulted in an
      apparent single-step conversion to a larger major product with peak maximum
      occurring within the migration intervals of the ( HDL2a ) gge and the ( HDL3a )
      gge subpopulations (particle size ranges 8.8-9.8 and 8.2-8.8 nm, respectively).
      Formation of an apolar core was indicated by detection of cholesteryl esters in
      the conversion product. The form in which the substrate unesterified cholesterol
      was introduced did not markedly influence the size properties of the final
      conversion product. With VLDL as source of substrate, considerable incorporation
      of triacylglycerol occurred in company with a lower level of cholesteryl esters,
      suggesting transfer of these lipids during formation of the apolar core.
      Incubation of complexes with a partially purified (3000-fold) preparation of
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase yielded a product similar in properties to
      that when the d greater than or equal to 1.21 g/ml fraction was used. Our model
      discoidal complexes and their conversion products exhibit properties very similar
      to those of potential precursors to HDL as well as of mature HDL particles. Their
      further investigation shows promise of providing detailed insight into the
      possible origin and heterogeneity of human plasma HDL.

PMID- 6424717
TI  - Kinetics of transfer of alpha-tocopherol between model and native plasma
      lipoproteins.
AB  - The rate of spontaneous transfer of alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol and beta
      carotene between model and native lipoproteins was measured to determine the
      mechanism and kinetics of equilibration of these lipids in plasma. Cholesterol
      and alpha-tocopherol transfer from apolipoprotein A-I/1-palmityl-2-
      oleoylphosphatidylcholine ( POPC ) recombinants to bovine brain ganglioside/ POPC
      single bilage vesicles with half-times of approximately 20 min and 70 min,
      respectively. Under identical conditions, there is no significant transfer of
      beta-carotene even after an 18-h incubation period. alpha-Tocopherol transfers
      from apolipoprotein A-II/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine recombinants with a half
      time of 40 min and an activation energy of 17.2 kcal/mol. Incubation of high
      density lipoproteins containing alpha-[3H]tocopherol with low-density
      lipoproteins or very-low-density lipoproteins results in the equilibration of the
      labelled lipid between the lipoprotein classes in 1 h. A comparison of the rates
      of transfer indicates that alpha-tocopherol equilibrates 2-3-times more slowly
      than cholesterol but on a time scale much shorter than the lifetime of
      lipoproteins in the circulation. Thus, the distribution of alpha-tocopherol is
      not kinetically controlled but determined thermodynamically by the partitioning
      between the total amount of lipid in each compartment. The spontaneous transfer
      of beta-carotene is too slow for this equilibration to occur.

PMID- 6424718
TI  - Calcium stimulation of a novel 12-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL
      1) cells.
AB  - Cytosolic fraction of RBL-1 cells transformed arachidonic acid to 12-HETE in
      addition to the well-recognized 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) in the
      presence of Ca2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+. The identity of 12-HETE was confirmed by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. Syntheses of 12-HETE and 5-HETE were catalyzed
      by separate lipoxygenases, since the formation of each product showed
      differential sensitivity to inhibitors and temperature. 12-Lipoxygenase from RBL
      1 cells was also found to be distinct from the enzyme from platelets in calcium
      sensitivity.

PMID- 6424719
TI  - Cholesterol ester turnover in isolated liver cells. Effects of cholesterol
      feeding.
AB  - Isolated hepatocytes from rats that had been kept in a steady state of
      [3H]cholesterol were incubated in a salt medium with or without serum. The cells
      released esterified cholesterol into the incubation medium as lipoproteins. This
      secretion, 18.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/h per g of cells, was increased when the cells were
      incubated in a medium containing serum (46.3 +/- 4.9 nmol/h per g of cells). This
      secretion was strikingly enhanced by cholesterol feeding (1% in the diet, 30
      days) to 323-620 nmol/h per g of cells, and inhibited by cycloheximide,
      colchicine or EDTA. After removal of EDTA and addition of calcium, the
      cholesterol ester secretion was restored. Free cholesterol of previously labelled
      high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was exchanged (t1/2 = 30 min) with that of liver
      cells and esterified. The esterification rate (25.8 +/- 2.5 nmol/h per g of
      cells) was increased by cholesterol feeding (1% in the diet, 8 days) to 63.2 +/-
      2.8 nmol/h per g of cells. No cholesteryl ester hydrolysis was detected with the
      isolated liver cells. Consequently, it is suggested that the turnover of hepatic
      cholesteryl ester was caused mainly by secretion in lipoproteins.

PMID- 6424720
TI  - Changes of arachidonic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipid
      classes in liver, plasma and platelets during dietary fat manipulation.
AB  - When rats adapted to a fat-free diet were fed a corn oil diet, endogenous n-9
      eicosatrienoic acid (the major polyunsaturated fatty acid) at the C-2 position of
      both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was quickly substituted by
      arachidonic acid in liver, plasma and platelets. Comparably, under a fish oil
      diet, the n-9 was quickly substituted by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
      (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). In both cases the n-9 almost
      disappeared in 6 days. On the other hand, when the dietary process was reversed,
      arachidonic acid in both the phospholipid classes (especially in
      phosphatidylcholine) decreased more slowly than the n-3 in the platelets and the
      liver mitochondria and microsomes. In platelets, even in linoleate-deficient
      rats, much arachidonic acid remained. However, arachidonic acid decreased
      similarly to the n-3 in the plasma. These results may reveal the physiological
      significance of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids, the replacement of
      arachidonic acid by the n-3 and the limitation of the replacement.

PMID- 6424721
TI  - Lipoproteins and lipids in cow and human aqueous humor.
AB  - The aqueous humor of the cow and human was examined for the presence of lipids
      and lipoproteins. Whole aqueous humor collected from cow eyes within 30 min after
      slaughter contained about 1 micrograms/ml of cholesterol and phospholipid. Upon
      fractionation of bovine aqueous into various density ranges following sequential
      ultracentrifugations , about 99% of the total cholesterol was recovered at a
      density of greater than 1.063. Apolipoprotein A-I, the major apolipoprotein of
      high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was the major protein seen upon electrophoresis
      of the 1.063-1.21 fraction. Particles of about 80 A mean diameter were observed
      by electron microscopy in the 1.063-1.21 fraction. Using rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis, a concentration of about 2 micrograms/ml of apolipoprotein
      A-I was measured in cow aqueous humor and slightly less in aqueous humor from the
      adult human collected post-mortem (1-36 h). In conclusion, aqueous humor of cow
      and man appears to contain about 4 micrograms/ml of HDL and it is likely the sole
      lipoprotein in this fluid. The potential importance of this lipoprotein in
      supplying lipids to the lens is discussed.

PMID- 6424722
TI  - Methylmercuric iodide modification of lipoxygenase-1. Effects on the anaerobic
      reaction and pigment bleaching.
AB  - The effect of methylmercuric iodide modification of sulfhydryl groups in soybean
      lipoxygenase-1 on linoleate oxidation, carbonyl production and beta-carotene and
      chlorophyll alpha bleaching were determined under aerobic and anaerobic
      conditions. Linoleate oxidation at pH 9.0 was strongly inhibited by modification
      of the enzyme. On the other hand, pigment bleaching was enhanced with the
      modified enzyme. Unmodified lipoxygenase-1 was not sensitive to chlorophyll
      inhibition, but activity of modified lipoxygenase-1 was affected. Linoleate
      oxidation was inhibited up to 70% when 2.2 microM chlorophyll was present in the
      reaction mixture. Chlorophyll inhibition was similar with affinity chromatography
      purified lipoxygenase-2 and modified lipoxygenase-1. Unmodified lipoxygenase-1
      exhibited high bleaching activity under anaerobic conditions and relatively low
      activity under aerobic (oxygen or air) conditions. Modified lipoxygenase-1 showed
      a significant increase in carotene and chlorophyll bleaching under both anaerobic
      and aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions in the presence of either
      pigment, both modified and unmodified lipoxygenase-1 exhibited high 285 nm
      absorbing material production. Antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated
      hydroxytoluene, alpha-tocopherol, propyl gallate and tertiary butylated
      hydroxyquinone ) were powerful inhibitors of pigment bleaching by modified
      lipoxygenase-1. However, only tertiary butylated hydroxyquinone and propyl
      gallate blocked the increase in the rate of absorbance at 285 nm.

PMID- 6424723
TI  - Monooxygenase activity of rat liver microsomes immobilized by entrapment in a
      crosslinked prepolymerized polyacrylamide hydrazide.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes were immobilized by entrapment in a chemically crosslinked
      synthetic gel obtained by crosslinking prepolymerized polyacrylamide-hydrazide
      with glyoxal. Approximately 88% of the microsomal fraction was entrapped in the
      gel. The specific rate of O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole was used to assay the
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity of the immobilized microsomal preparations.
      The gel entrapped microsomes showed monooxygenase activity at 37 degrees C of
      Vmax = 2.3 nmol p-nitrophenol/min per nmol cytochrome P-450, similar to that of
      microsomes in suspension. The Km value for the p-nitroanisole-immobilized
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 system (1.2 X 10(-5) M) was rather close to that of
      microsomes in suspension (0.8 X 10(-5) M). Under the experimental conditions used
      the pH activity curve of the immobilized preparation was shifted towards more
      alkaline values by approx. 0.5 pH unit in comparison with microsomes in
      suspension. The rate of cytochrome c reduction by the immobilized microsomal
      system (11.7 nmol/min per mg protein) at 25 degrees C was considerably lower than
      that of the control (microsomes in suspension, 78 nmol/min per mg protein).
      Enzyme activity in both preparations showed the same temperature dependence at
      the temperature range of 10 to 37 degrees C. The immobilized microsomal
      monooxygenase system could be operated continuously for several hours at 37
      degrees C provided that adequate amounts of an NADPH-generating system were added
      periodically. Under similar conditions a control microsomal suspension lost its
      enzymic activity within 90 min.

PMID- 6424724
TI  - Purification, molecular properties and biosynthesis of a specific protein
      component induced under compensatory hypertrophy in the rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - The compensatory hypertrophy in the rat skeletal muscle was induced by the method
      employing tenotomy and the protein components of the hypertrophied muscle were
      compared with those of the control muscle by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein component, referred to as 64-kDa
      protein, increased in quantity in the hypertrophied muscle. 64-kDa protein was
      purified to homogeneity from the extract of the rat skeletal muscle and its
      molecular properties were studied. Based on criteria which include molecular
      weight, amino acid composition and immunochemical reactivity, 64-kDa protein was
      indistinguishable from rat serum albumin. In vitro culture of muscle cells
      provided evidence showing that 64-kDa protein is synthesized in the muscle cells
      and rate of its synthesis is significantly greater in the hypertrophied muscle.

PMID- 6424725
TI  - Glucose transport and metabolism in the perfused hindquarters of lean and obese
      hyperglycemic (db/db) mice. Effects of insulin and electrical stimulation.
AB  - Changes in glucose transport and metabolism in skeletal muscles of the obese
      diabetic mice (db/db) was characterized using the perfused mouse hindquarter
      preparation. Metabolism of [5-3H]glucose, uptake of 3-O-[methyl-3H]glucose
      (methylglucose) and [2-14C]deoxyglucose (deoxyglucose) was studied under resting,
      electrically stimulated contracting, and insulin-stimulated conditions. Basal
      rate of methylglucose uptake was 255 +/- 18 and 180 +/- 9 microliter/15 min per
      ml intracellular fluid space for lean and db/db mice, respectively. The V- of
      methylglucose transport was decreased with no change in Km in the db/db mice.
      Both electrical stimulation and insulin (1/mU/ml) increased methylglucose uptake
      rate 2-fold in both lean and obese mice. We observed no significant change in
      insulin sensitivity in the db/db mice in stimulating methylglucose uptake which
      was subnormal under all conditions. Similar results were obtained using
      deoxyglucose. Likewise, uptake of glucose and 3H2O production from [5-3H]glucose
      were significantly reduced, both at rest and during electrically stimulated
      contraction in the db/db mouse. However, lactate production in the electrically
      stimulated db/db mouse preparations was not significantly different from that in
      the lean mice. These data suggest a major contribution from an impaired glucose
      transport activity to the reduction in glucose metabolism in the db/db mouse
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6424726
TI  - Two-step mechanism of myofibrillar protein degradation in acute plasmocid-induced
      muscle necrosis.
AB  - Acute muscle necrosis was induced in rats by intramuscular injection of
      plasmocid, a known myotoxic agent. A single injection of 5 mg/ml plasmocid
      produced massive fiber necrosis with extensive phagocytosis. Plasmocid
      administration led to a preferential decrease of alpha-actinin with preservation
      of other structural proteins within 3 h after injection, and large increases (2-7
      fold) in the activities of acid hydrolases, cathepsins B and L, cathepsin D and
      alpha-galactosidase within 48 h after injection. The plasmocid-induced
      stimulation of alpha-actinin loss seen at 3 h, when no increases of acid
      hydrolases occurred, could be inhibited by a cysteine protease inhibitor, Ep-475
      (E-64-c), and EGTA. On the other hand, increased lysosomal enzyme activity seemed
      to have a close correlation with the appearance of invading mononuclear cells,
      probably macrophages, and not muscle lysosomes. These observations suggest that a
      two step mechanism of protein degradation (nonlysosomal and lysosomal processes)
      possibly occurs in plasmocid-induced muscle degradation and macrophages can serve
      as a main endogenous reservoir of proteases in pathological states.

PMID- 6424727
TI  - Consequences of the salvage of purine compounds on the proliferation of rat T
      lymphocytes with normal or inhibited purine de novo synthesis.
AB  - We studied the ability of purine compounds to restore the proliferation of
      concanavalin-A-stimulated rat T-lymphocytes under conditions of purine de novo
      synthesis inhibition and, on the other hand, the inhibition by purine nucleosides
      of the response of these cells to a mitogenic stimulation under conditions of
      normal purine de novo synthesis. The use of 50 microM azaserine, a potent
      inhibitor of purine de novo synthesis, allowed us to define the physiologically
      active salvage pathways of purine bases, ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides in
      concanavalin-A-stimulated rat T-lymphocytes. Except for guanylic compounds, all
      purines completely restored cell proliferation at a concentration of 50 microM.
      Guanine, guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine at concentrations up to 500 microM did
      not allow us to restore more than 50% of the cell proliferation. In conditions of
      normal purine de novo synthesis, the addition of 1000 microM adenine, adenosine,
      2'-deoxyadenosine or 100 microM 2'-deoxyguanosine inhibited rat T-lymphocyte
      proliferation. The differences between the degree of inhibition of cell
      proliferation could be explained only in part by the differences between the
      capacities of salvage of these compounds. Furthermore, the fact that 2'
      deoxyguanosine toxicity was dependent and 2'-deoxyadenosine toxicity independent
      on the activation state of the cells provided more evidence that the biochemical
      mechanisms of inhibition of cell proliferation should be different for these two
      nucleosides.

PMID- 6424728
TI  - [Steady-state dependence of the methemoglobin reduction rate on its concentration
      in intact human erythrocytes].
AB  - The rate of methemoglobin reduction by the methemoglobin reductase system of
      intact human erythrocytes was measured as a rate of pyruvate formation in a quasi
      steady state. Various methemoglobin concentrations (up to 100%) were generated by
      sodium nitrite additions. The steady state methemoglobin levels were maintained
      by infusion of a nitrite solution at a rate of 2.8 mmol/h/l cells. The rate of
      pyruvate formation was proportional to the steady state methemoglobin
      concentration in the range from the physiological value to 100%, the maximal
      value being as high as 500 mumol/h/l cells. It was found that the rate of CO2
      output by the erythrocytes markedly increased in the presence of 8 mM sodium
      nitrite, reaching up to about 40% of the possible maximal value.

PMID- 6424729
TI  - [Inhibition by antibiotics of the incorporation of labelled amino acids into the
      nuclear matrix proteins of the Zajdela hepatoma].
AB  - The incorporation of radioactivity into nuclear matrix proteins during incubation
      of Zajdela hepatoma cells with labelled amino acids was strongly inhibited by
      chloramphenicol and cycloheximide and slightly inhibited by actinomycin D and
      mitomycin C. The antibiotics studied inhibited the incorporation of the
      radioactive label preferentially into proteins with Mr 150 000-220 000,
      approximately 55 000 and less than 26 000. During incubation of ascites tumour
      cells with antibiotics, predominantly with chloramphenicol, a decrease in the
      content of some protein components was observed as well. As in the low molecular
      weight protein fraction, the intense inhibition of the radioactive label and a
      decrease of its content was observed, a conclusion is drawn that this protein
      fraction is characterized by a high turnover rate.

PMID- 6424730
TI  - [Carboxypeptidase T--intracellular carboxypeptidase of Thermoactinomycetes--a
      distant analog of animal carboxypeptidase].
AB  - Carboxypeptidase T, an extracellular carboxypeptidase from Thermoactinomyces sp.
      was isolated and purified by affinity chromatography on bacitracin adsorbents.
      The enzyme homogeneity was established by SDS electrophoresis (Mr = 38 000) and
      isoelectrofocusing in PAAG (pI 5.3). Carboxypeptidase T reveals a mixed
      specificity in comparison with pancreatic carboxypeptidases A and B and cleaves
      with nearly the same efficiency the peptide bonds formed by the C-terminal
      residues of basic and neutral hydrophobic amino acids. The enzyme is insensitive
      to serine and thiol proteinase inhibitors but is completely inhibited by EDTA and
      o-phenanthroline. The maximal enzyme activity is observed at pH 7-8. With an
      increase of temperature from 20 to 70 degrees C the enzyme activity is enhanced
      approximately 10-fold. In the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ the enzyme thermostability is
      also increased. In terms of some properties, e.g. substrate specificity
      carboxypeptidase T is similar to metallocarboxypeptidase secreted by Streptomyces
      griseus. The N-terminal sequence of carboxypeptidase T: Asp-Phe-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Asp
      Ser-Gly- Tyr-His-Asn-Tyr-Asn-Glu-Met-Val-Asn-Lys-Ile-Asn-Thr-Val-Ala-Ser-Asn-Tyr-
      Pro-Asn - Ile-Val-Lys-Thr-Phe-Ser-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Xaa-Gly-Leu-
      coincides by 21% with that of pancreatic carboxypeptidases A and B. Thus, it may
      be concluded that these enzymes originate from a common precursor.

PMID- 6424731
TI  - [Identity of kininogenase and plasminogen activators in human granulocytes].
AB  - It was shown that the plasminogen activator inhibitor, ZGlyGlyArgCH2Cl,
      inactivates the kininogenase and plasminogen activator activities in the whole
      human granulocyte lysate and human granulocyte proteinase fractions isolated by
      isoelectrofocusing from the granulocyte lysate (pH 3-10). The kinetics of
      irreversible inhibition of the ZGlyGlyArgpNA-amidase activity in granulocyte
      proteinase fractions (pI 10.75, 8.9 and 8.3) by ZGlyGlyArgCH2Cl was measured.
      These data confirm the earlier obtained results on the trypsin-like nature of the
      human granulocyte plasminogen activator and its identity to this cell
      kininogenase.

PMID- 6424732
TI  - Contribution of heart muscle, liver, skeletal muscle and placenta to the
      asphyxial hypoxanthine elevation in the acutely exteriorised fetal lamb.
AB  - The metabolic response to different degrees of hypoxia was studied in 14 lamb
      fetuses. We have previously found a substantial rise in the fetal arterial plasma
      hypoxanthine (HX) level, in parallel with alterations of other hypoxia indices
      during induced asphyxia. Measurements of the arterio-venous (A-V) difference in
      the HX level across the CNS demonstrated a late efflux of this substance from the
      fetal brain, with a high resistance to asphyxia. In this study, the effluxes of
      HX, lactate, and in some cases glucose, from the myocardium, liver, hindleg
      (skeletal muscle) and placenta were investigated in acutely exteriorised sheep
      fetuses with graded asphyxia. The main findings were as follows: (a) myocardium:
      a release of HX early during asphyxia, the magnitude of which paralelled the
      amount of mechanical work performed by the heart; a significant lactate influx
      into the heart during normoxia and recovery period; (b) liver: hepatic HX release
      even during normoxia, increasing to substantial amounts in connection with
      increasing asphyxia; (c) hindleg: release of HX only during the recovery period;
      lactate efflux during all periods apart from severe asphyxia, when an influx was
      seen for both substances; (d) placenta: production of lactate during normoxia,
      and an efficient clearance of both lactate and HX from the fetal plasma in
      combination with their concentration increasing during asphyxia. It is concluded
      that the myocardium and liver are the main contributors to the elevated HX level
      during fetal asphyxia among the fetal organs investigated, while skeletal muscle
      releases HX mostly during the period of reoxygenation.

PMID- 6424733
TI  - Lithium-induced increases in red blood cell choline and memory performance in
      Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between RBC choline and memory in Alzheimer-type
      senile dementia (SDAT), lithium carbonate was administered to 14 SDAT patients in
      doses of 400-600 mg/day for 5 weeks. A battery of memory tests was administered
      at baseline and at weekly intervals. Five patients with serum concentrations
      below 0.6 meq/liter developed neurotoxicity and were dropped from further
      analysis. For the remaining patients, Li+ with mean serum concentrations up to
      0.6 meq/liter did not alter memory scores significantly. The dramatic increases
      in RBC choline during the study, however, suggest that RBC choline is not
      correlated with memory functioning in SDAT.

PMID- 6424734
TI  - Computer data acquisition system for CO2 response curves.

PMID- 6424735
TI  - Production of a monospecific antiserum to cathepsin L: the histochemical location
      of enzyme in rabbit fibroblasts.
AB  - A polyclonal antibody against rabbit cathepsin L was raised in goats and shown to
      be specific for both active and inactive enzyme. Using this antibody we have
      examined the distribution of cathepsin L in primary rabbit skin fibroblasts by
      immunohistochemistry and found that all the enzyme is located within lysosomal
      granules. At confluence many cathepsin-L-containing lysosomes were seen in each
      cell. A new but nonspecific histochemical substrate for cathepsin L was tested
      and a similar distribution was obtained. Our results indicate that the
      immunohistochemical technique can be reliably employed for the specific location
      of cathepsin L in cells and tissues.

PMID- 6424736
TI  - Studies on dinoflagellate chromosomal basic protein.
AB  - Routine cytochemical methods proved useless in demonstrating basic protein in
      dinoflagellate chromosomes because when the DNA was removed, these chromosomes
      dissolved away just as eubacterial nucleoids. However, with ammoniacal silver
      technique or alkaline Biebrich scarlet, DNA could be kept intact, all the
      dinoflagellate chromosomes examined gave positive reaction. The acid-soluble
      proteins were extracted from methanol-fixed Amphidinium carterae and methanol
      fixed isolated nuclei of Noctiluca miliaris, and subjected to urea polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Only one band of basic protein co-migrating with histone H4
      was found. The chromosomes of Oxyrrhis marina can retain their original forms
      after the removal of DNA. Their chromosomal basic protein can be demonstrated by
      various cytochemical methods. This protein co-migrates with histone H4 in urea
      gel too. Its amino acid composition has been determined. This protein can combine
      with DNA fibril to form a nucleosome-like structure which seems to be
      corresponding to two of the archaebacterial nucleosome-like structures and may
      represent the primitive nucleosome.

PMID- 6424737
TI  - Cytofluorometric detection of B cell clonal excess: a new approach to the
      diagnosis of B cell lymphoma.
AB  - A sensitive cytofluorometric technique, the "kappa-lambda test," permits
      detection of small numbers of monoclonal B lymphocytes (clonal excess). Such a
      method might represent a new diagnostic tool for diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas, potentially providing definitive evidence of lymphomatous involvement
      in cases equivocal by standard immunologic methods. To determine the significance
      of detecting B cell clonal excess in lymphoid tissues, we applied the kappa
      lambda test to cell suspensions from 60 consecutive specimens suspected to
      involvement by malignant lymphoma. Results were correlated with the pathologic
      diagnosis and with standard cell marker studies in each case. B cell clonal
      excess was observed in 24 of the 25 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B cell
      origin, including a single case involving early detection of recurrence. None of
      the remaining cases, including benign reactive hyperplasia, T cell lymphoma, and
      Hodgkin's disease, showed evidence of B cell clonal excess. Selective examination
      of cell subpopulations was also achieved using this cytofluorometric method. We
      conclude that the detection of B cell clonal excess by the kappa-lambda test
      represents a new approach to the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma, which provides
      certain advantages over more standard methods of cell marker analysis.

PMID- 6424738
TI  - Involvement of spermidine in proliferation and differentiation of human
      promyelocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine have been implicated in the
      regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Previous studies, however,
      have demonstrated that the polyamines are essential for proliferation, but not
      differentiation, of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. We have extended
      these findings by demonstrating a highly significant relationship between
      intracellular spermidine levels and HL-60 proliferation. However, in contrast to
      previous studies, we have also demonstrated that induction of HL-60
      differentiation with dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylene bisacetamide, butyric
      acid, or retinoic acid is inhibited by alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO)
      depletion of intracellular putrescine and spermidine. Further, the addition of
      exogenous spermidine abrogates DFMO inhibition of HL-60 differentiation, thus
      confirming the involvement of this polyamine in the expression of a
      differentiated phenotype. The discrepancy between our results and those of
      previous studies probably stems from the nearly complete, rather than partial,
      depletion of intracellular spermidine achieved in the present work. The results
      of the present study thus demonstrate the involvement of spermidine in both
      proliferation and induction of HL-60 differentiation with certain agents.

PMID- 6424739
TI  - Prognostic significance of immunologic phenotype in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a usually chronic B cell lymphoproliferative
      disorder. To evaluate the prognostic significance of the various heavy and light
      chain determinants of the surface immunoglobulins (slg), we analyzed the clinical
      data and immunologic phenotype of 64 patients with HCL. Sixty-two of the 64
      patients showed slg, which was invariably of only one light chain type (kappa 33,
      lambda 29). The actuarial survival of the cases expressing kappa-light chains was
      significantly better than those with lambda-light chains (p less than 0.002).
      This difference persisted when only cases with gamma or alpha gamma heavy chains
      were considered. No differences between the kappa and lambda-subgroups were
      discovered with respect to parameters of clinical importance. The various heavy
      chain classes of slg did not correlate significantly with the survival time.
      These results suggest that the immunologic phenotype, in particular the light
      chain type, may be a prognostic factor in patients with HCL.

PMID- 6424740
TI  - The use of radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to
      predict platelet transfusion outcome.
AB  - We used both radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to
      detect antibodies against platelets in multiply transfused patients to determine
      the value of these tests in predicting the outcome of platelet transfusion in
      such patients. In 15 allosensitized patients, we studied 68 single-donor platelet
      transfusions, 43 (63%) of which had a poor outcome, defined as a corrected count
      increment (CCI), less than 10,000. The results obtained with either test were
      significantly correlated with the CCI following transfusion (p less than 0.001),
      but the assay using the radiolabeled antiglobulin had slightly better
      sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. When the assays were used in
      combination, there was again significant correlation with the CCI of the
      transfusion, p less than 0.001. When both assays predicted failure of the
      transfusions, 31/31 (100%) such transfusions resulted in a CCI of less than
      10,000, and when both assays predicted success of the transfusions, 14/15 (93%)
      such transfusions resulted in a CCI of greater than 10,000. Both assays are
      useful in predicting the outcome of the platelet transfusions; when the assay
      results were concordant, almost total predictive accuracy was obtained.

PMID- 6424741
TI  - Factor VIII-von Willebrand factor requires calcium for facilitation of platelet
      adherence.
AB  - The role of divalent cations in platelet adherence to deendothelialized human
      arteries in flowing blood was investigated in an annular perfusion chamber.
      Spreading of platelets on the subendothelium was impaired below 30 microM of free
      Ca2+ ions (Ca2+). When Ca2+ was replaced by Mg2+, adherence was unchanged in
      perfusates without exogenous factor VIII-von Willebrand factor (FVIII-vWF), but
      the ability of FVIII-vWF to support platelet adherence was lost. Binding of FVIII
      vWF to the vessel wall was independent of divalent cations, but bound FVIII-vWF
      was only able to mediate adherence after exposure to Ca2+. Pretreatment of FVIII
      vWF with the calcium chelator EGTA (10 mM) resulted in loss of the ability to
      facilitate platelet adherence, while the ristocetin cofactor activity remained
      intact. Full restoration of the ability to mediate platelet adherence could only
      be obtained by prolonged dialysis against Ca2+ in the millimolar range. These
      data indicate that divalent cations have at least two separate roles to play in
      supporting platelet adherence: (1) platelet spreading on the subendothelium
      requires Ca2+ or Mg2+; (2) FVIII-vWF should be exposed to Ca2+ to obtain its
      optimal biologic activity in supporting platelet adherence.

PMID- 6424742
TI  - Mutagenic properties of methyl- and ethylbromophos in mammals.

PMID- 6424743
TI  - Quantification of carbaryl in pineapples by HPLC and GCMS-CI-NH3.

PMID- 6424744
TI  - Organochlorine residue levels in Mississippi River water snakes in southern
      Louisiana.

PMID- 6424745
TI  - [Role of Ca2+ in the secretion of milk caseins in lactating rabbit mammary
      epithelial cells].
AB  - Prolactin and arachidonic acid increase milk casein secretion in mammary gland
      slices. These effects do not necessitate Ca2+ in the incubation medium. Prolactin
      does not modify the influx or the efflux of 45Ca2+. The Ca2+ channel blocking
      agent D600 (6 micrograms/ml) decreases the stimulatory effect of prolactin on
      casein secretion, but does not interfere in the stimulatory effect of arachidonic
      acid. The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine (100 microM) inhibits stimulation
      of casein secretion by both prolactin and arachidonic acid. From these data, it
      is concluded that a flow of Ca2+ from the outside into the cell is not a
      requisite for the stimulation of casein secretion. However, stimulation by
      prolactin, but not stimulation by arachidonic acid, requires Ca2+ movement
      through calcium pathways. Intracellular transport of Ca2+ seems necessary for the
      stimulation of secretion.

PMID- 6424746
TI  - [Retention of indoles in the pineal organ of the bird (Melopsittacus undulatus,
      Shaw) during its preparation for radioautographic study].
AB  - Since high-resolution radioautography (dipping technique) might be very useful
      for the study of indole metabolism in the pineal cells, the retention of [3H]
      indoles has to be examined during the preparation of specimens for electron
      microscopy (EM). The pineal organ of the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) was
      used in the present work. 1) Indole metabolism: following uptake of [3H]-5
      hydroxytryptophan ([3H]-HW) in vivo and [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]-HT) in
      vitro in similar seasonal and nycthemeral conditions--all the known pineal
      indolic metabolites were recovered by thin layer chromatography. [3H]-5
      methoxyindoles were also formed from [3H]-melatonin ([3H]-aMT). 2) The
      radioactivity of fluids used in the processing of pineal organs in EM was
      determined by liquid scintillation counting: (a) no exogenous [3H]-indoles could
      be revealed in EM solutions after [3H]-HW in vivo uptake. (b) 8.8 to 13.4% of
      [3H]-indoles were washed out by glutaraldehyde after [3H]-HT in vitro uptake. (c)
      most of the 5-methoxyindoles after in vitro uptake of [3H]-aMT were lost in
      glutaraldehyde. Our chromatography procedures did not permit the identification
      of [3H]-indoles extracted by the glutaraldehyde fixative. In previous
      experiments, [3H]-HW and [3H]-HT uptake showed the presence of selective
      radioautographic reactions in the cells of the receptor line; however, silver
      grains were scarce and diffusely distributed in the pineal parenchyma after [3H]
      aMT uptake.

PMID- 6424747
TI  - Effect of extra-hepatic Walker sarcoma 256 on the synthesis and degradation of
      liver cytochromes P-450 and b5.
AB  - Extra-hepatic Walker sarcoma 256 produced a marked decrease (approximately 60%)
      in the levels of cytochrome P-450 and NADP-cytochrome P-450 reductase in rat
      liver endoplasmic reticulum, and a lesser decrease (approximately 20%) of
      cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. Polychlorinated biphenyls induced
      the synthesis of these cytochromes and reductases to approximately the same
      extent both in normal and tumor-bearing rats. The double-label technique was used
      to demonstrate that the synthesis of cytochromes P-450 and b5 was reduced in the
      liver of tumor-bearing rats. The turnover of P-450 was not affected by the tumor,
      whereas cytochrome b5 turnover was decreased. It is proposed that Walker sarcoma
      256 mainly affects the transcription of cytochromes P-450 and b5 through a
      toxohormone, and that a regulatory mechanism coordinates the level of each
      cytochrome and its respective reductase.

PMID- 6424748
TI  - [Resorption of CO2 and N2O from newly-formed subcutaneous gas pockets].

PMID- 6424749
TI  - Medical technology. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring.
AB  - Transcutaneous PCO2 electrodes are noninvasive, reliable, and accurate indicators
      of the trend in arterial PCO2. Their combination with occasional arterial
      sampling allows them to be calibrated in vivo for use in a wide range of
      patients, even in the presence of a severely compromised haemodynamic state.
      Their role in the ITU as monitors of continuous ventilation and during weaning
      has been established. However, their potential for use during anaesthesia, acute
      asthma, exacerbations of chronic airflow limitation, and in studies into the
      normal and abnormal mechanisms of ventilation during sleep has yet to be
      realized.

PMID- 6424750
TI  - Protecting confidentiality.

PMID- 6424751
TI  - The sweet road to gall stones.

PMID- 6424752
TI  - Treatment of prolactinomas with megavoltage radiotherapy.
AB  - The outcome of treatment of 36 women with prolactinomas using megavoltage
      radiotherapy combined with interim dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, lysuride,
      pergolide) was reviewed; 16 of the women showed radiological evidence of a
      macroadenoma. The most common presenting symptom was secondary amenorrhoea; 26 of
      the patients had galactorrhoea. In 29 patients who wished to conceive the
      ovulation rate (as indicated by circulating progesterone concentrations) was 97%
      and the successful fertility rate 86%. No patient had enlargement of the tumour
      during pregnancy and there were no complications of radiotherapy. No further
      tumour enlargement was detected in serial skull radiographs, and an improvement
      in size of the fossa was noted in 45% of those assessed. When medical treatment
      was withdrawn a mean of 4.2 years (range 1-11) after radiotherapy in the 27
      patients who had completed their families the serum prolactin concentration had
      fallen appreciably in 26 of them and later became normal in eight. The incidence
      of growth hormone deficiency rose from 24% of the whole group before radiotherapy
      to 79% afterwards. Only one patient required thyroxine, and one was receiving
      gonadotrophin. No patient became deficient in adrenocorticotrophic hormone. A
      regimen of megavoltage radiotherapy and interim bromocriptine allows women with
      prolactinomas safely to undergo pregnancy and results in the long term prospect
      of tumour shrinkage and control of hyperprolactinaemia.

PMID- 6424753
TI  - Carcinoid tumour secreting dopa.
AB  - A middle aged woman referred for an abdominal mass was found to have large
      amounts of dopa (3-4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) metabolites in her urine. At
      operation a tumour affecting almost the entire left lobe of the liver was
      removed. Histologically the tumour was a metastatic carcinoid. After operation
      the excretion of dopa metabolites fell substantially, confirming that the tumour
      was the source. Apparently, owing to an enzyme defect the tumour had been unable
      to decarboxylate dopa. These findings are further evidence of a neural origin for
      the endocrine system of the gut.

PMID- 6424754
TI  - Diet, alcohol, and relative weight in gall stone disease: a case-control study.
AB  - A case control study of gall stone disease in relation to diet, alcohol, and
      relative weight was undertaken. The study population comprised 267 hospital
      patients with newly diagnosed gall stone disease, 241 individually matched
      controls selected from the community, and 359 controls who were patients in
      hospital. Dietary intake was estimated with a quantitative food frequency
      questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the net
      association between individual nutrients and the risk of formation of gall
      stones. Variations in risk with sex and age were examined in the light of prior
      evidence of influences of sex hormones and age on hepatobiliary metabolism. In
      both sexes increased intake of alcohol was associated with a decreased risk of
      developing gall stones; increased intake of simple sugars in drinks and sweets
      was associated with an increased risk; and increased intake of energy or fat was
      associated with an increased risk in young subjects. Obesity was associated with
      an increased risk only in young women.

PMID- 6424755
TI  - Negative selection of patients for dialysis and transplantation in the United
      Kingdom.
AB  - In order to understand why the United Kingdom ranks low in the treatment of end
      stage renal failure a questionnaire investigating knowledge of current acceptance
      practice for dialysis and transplantation was sent to various groups of doctors
      throughout the country. The questionnaire comprised 16 case histories of patients
      with established end stage renal failure and associated social and medical
      problems. In each case the responding doctor was asked to indicate whether the
      patient would be suitable for treatment by dialysis or transplantation or both.
      The questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of general practitioners
      and non-renal consultant physicians and their responses compared with those of
      all the nephrologists identified in the United Kingdom. The mean number of cases
      rejected by both general practitioners and non-renal consultant physicians was
      significantly higher than the number rejected by nephrologists. The findings
      suggest that underreferral of patients to dialysis and transplant units
      contributes to the current low acceptance rate of new patients into treatment
      programmes in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6424756
TI  - "Transferable deaths": their epidemiological importance.

PMID- 6424757
TI  - Eosinophilic leukaemia presenting with intolerance of alcohol.

PMID- 6424758
TI  - Unilateral myopathy: an unusual presentation of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6424759
TI  - Interaction between oral contraceptives and griseofulvin.

PMID- 6424760
TI  - Fears aroused in patients by migraine.

PMID- 6424761
TI  - Death certification in general practice: review of records.
AB  - The records of death that had been certified by general practitioners in one
      practice over 18 years were assessed in the light of the recent joint
      publications of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of
      Pathologists. Over this period roughly 30% of the deaths in the practice
      population occurred outside hospital and a total of 262 certificates were issued.
      A review of 262 counterfoils of records of death certification showed that 12
      counterfoils (4.6%) had no age and sex mentioned, and three counterfoils did not
      describe the place of death. The average age at death outside hospital was 71.6
      years--the age of women being 75.1 years compared with that of men of 68.2 years.
      Only 2% of patients had had a necropsy. The common causes of death stated in the
      certificates were: cardiovascular 41%, carcinoma 35%, respiratory 15%, and stroke
      8%. All contributory causes are also mentioned. Ninety seven per cent of the
      patients were seen after death by the doctors in the practice and 68% had been
      seen in the two days preceding death. We emphasise the importance of keeping
      accurate records of deaths in general practice for audit and research as well as
      for planning services for terminally ill and recently bereaved patients.

PMID- 6424762
TI  - Generic alternatives in general practice.
AB  - Using a standard analysis of one month's prescribing in a general practice we
      showed a potential saving of 8.8% (pounds 883.22) of the net cost of ingredients
      through substituting exact generic alternatives. Our results confirm the possible
      reduction in cost of drugs to the National Health Service by the use of generic
      substitution as suggested in the Greenfield report. Although substitution was
      theoretically available in most therapeutic classes, two thirds of the potential
      savings pertained to two classes, preparations acting on the nervous system and
      preparations acting on the cardiovascular system and diuretics. Of the
      prescriptions (31%) with potential generic alternatives, less than three quarters
      were actually available.

PMID- 6424763
TI  - Archibald Cleland: c1700-71.

PMID- 6424764
TI  - Green College lectures: 1984. Medicine in the Third World.

PMID- 6424765
TI  - Association of hyperglycaemia with hyponatraemia.

PMID- 6424766
TI  - Sensory disturbances.

PMID- 6424767
TI  - Postmarketing surveillance of adverse reactions to drugs.

PMID- 6424768
TI  - Hypertension in general practice.

PMID- 6424769
TI  - Thyroid hormone concentrations after exogenous thyroxine.

PMID- 6424770
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy.

PMID- 6424771
TI  - Urinary tract infection in children.

PMID- 6424772
TI  - Gynaecomastia in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6424773
TI  - Raised serum urate concentration as risk factor for premature mortality in middle
      aged men.

PMID- 6424774
TI  - Gastroenteritis in infancy.

PMID- 6424775
TI  - Acute stridor in the preschool child.

PMID- 6424776
TI  - AIDS: sense not fear.

PMID- 6424777
TI  - Problems of hospices.

PMID- 6424778
TI  - Pneumococcal infections.

PMID- 6424779
TI  - Wilson's disease.

PMID- 6424780
TI  - Policies on prevention.

PMID- 6424781
TI  - A specific IgG in Graves' ophthalmopathy and its relation to retro-orbital and
      thyroid autoimmunity.
AB  - An IgG (ophthalmopathic immunoglobulin) that binds to retro-orbital antigen was
      identified in serum from patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy, and its
      nature and specificity were investigated. Dose related binding of this
      immunoglobulin to retro-orbital antigens prepared from guinea pig harderian gland
      or porcine eye muscle was found, which could be abolished by prior incubation
      with antigen. The immunoglobulin did not bind to thyroid membranes, thyroid
      microsomes, or thyroglobulin or interact with liver, skeletal muscle, or fat
      membranes. Serum with high activity of thyrotrophin binding inhibiting
      immunoglobulin did not react with retro-orbital antigen, and this activity was
      not affected by preincubation of the serum with retro-orbital antigen. Thyroid
      stimulating hormone was also without effect on retro-orbital antigen. It is
      concluded that Graves' ophthalmopathy is associated with a specific
      ophthalmopathic immunoglobulin that reacts with retro-orbital antigen as distinct
      from thyroid antigens, and that the autoimmune response is directed towards retro
      orbital antigens. This suggests that the ophthalmopathy is an entity distinct
      from autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 6424782
TI  - Glycaemic control in diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - To investigate the quality of glycaemic control that is achievable in diabetic
      patients with persistent proteinuria and asymptomatic but declining renal
      function three matched groups of patients were studied. The first comprised
      diabetics with proteinuria receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion;
      the second, diabetics without proteinuria receiving continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion; and the third, diabetics with proteinuria receiving
      conventional insulin treatment. Glycaemic control in patients receiving
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was shown to be appreciably worse during
      the daytime in diabetics with proteinuria than in diabetics without proteinuria,
      although greatly superior to that in diabetics with proteinuria receiving
      conventional insulin treatment. The loss of glycaemic control in patients with
      proteinuria receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion probably occurred
      as a response to daytime hypoglycaemia and a consequent reduction in the
      proportion of the total insulin dose given prandially. Difficulty in controlling
      blood glucose concentrations may be a factor in the failure of intensified
      insulin regimens to influence the progression of diabetic renal disease.

PMID- 6424783
TI  - Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birth weight.
AB  - The relation of low birth weight to psychosocial stress in pregnancy was examined
      using a life events inventory and a state anxiety index. Two hundred and fifty
      women were randomly selected and interviewed three times during pregnancy and
      shortly after delivery. Twenty six were excluded. Of the remaining 224 women,
      nine miscarried, 195 had healthy term babies, and 20 gave birth to babies that
      were either premature or of low birth weight at term. Low birth weight and
      prematurity were significantly associated with objective major life events but
      not state anxiety. The occurrence of objective major life events in the third
      trimester may be important in precipitating preterm labour. Cigarette smoking was
      the best predictor and objective major life events the second best predictor of
      low birth weight. The result was not dependent on social class. These findings
      suggest that cigarette smoking may be an important mediator of stress on the
      fetus. Antenatal care should take greater account of stress in pregnancy, and
      social support systems should be evaluated.

PMID- 6424784
TI  - Pneumococcal cross infection in hospital.

PMID- 6424785
TI  - Acquired arteriovenous communication: complication of cannulation of internal
      jugular vein.

PMID- 6424786
TI  - Pneumomediastinum during sexual intercourse.

PMID- 6424787
TI  - Hydatid false positive serological test results in malignancy.

PMID- 6424788
TI  - Policies on antibiotics of south east London general practitioners for managing
      acute otitis media in children.
AB  - Questionnaires on antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children were
      sent to the general practitioners who make regular referrals to clinics in the
      King's College Hospital group. The most popular first choice of drug was
      amoxycillin (44%), but 37% of general practitioners said that they often used
      oral phenoxymethylpenicillin. This drug has relatively low activity against
      Haemophilus influenzae and many strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It is poorly
      absorbed from the stomach, does not penetrate the middle ear well, and its use
      may be one factor in the development of chronic middle ear effusions after acute
      otitis media. Sixty two per cent of the doctors who replied never treated acute
      otitis media with intramuscular antibiotics, but 57% used oral loading doses.
      Ninety seven per cent never treated their patients without antibiotics.

PMID- 6424789
TI  - An MRCGP course for trainees in the West Midlands region.
AB  - I describe a course for trainees in Birmingham and Lichfield in January 1983 to
      prepare them for the summer examination for membership of the Royal College of
      General Practitioners. The trainees rated the course highly in both centres, and
      in particular liked the small group work for the oral examinations. Of 24
      trainees who attended, however, only 15 sat and 11 passed the examination. I
      describe the course content and discuss the possible reasons for the small number
      of trainees going on to sit the MRCGP examination.

PMID- 6424790
TI  - Conservative management of pregnancy in diabetic women.
AB  - In 1979 the obstetric management of pregnancies in diabetic women in Cardiff was
      changed from elective delivery at 37-38 weeks to delivery at term. This change
      was facilitated by home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations and improved
      techniques for assessing fetal wellbeing. There were 35 pregnancies in insulin
      dependent diabetics in 1972-8 and 45 in 1979-82. The quality of diabetic control
      during pregnancy was equally good in both periods. The average gestation at final
      admission to hospital increased from 30 to 37 weeks. Amniocentesis to assess
      fetal pulmonary maturity was necessary in 26 patients (74%) in the first period
      of study and in only four (9%) in the second. Gestational age at delivery
      increased from 37.4 to 39.4 weeks after the change in policy. The proportion of
      mothers entering spontaneous term labour and delivering vaginally increased from
      14.3% to 37.8%. The mean birth weight of live born, singleton infants increased
      from 3090 g to 3650 g, the feeding pattern improved, and respiratory problems
      were less common. Morbidity was reduced and perinatal mortality was not increased
      with conservative management of pregnancy in diabetic women.

PMID- 6424791
TI  - Confidential paediatric inquiry into neonatal deaths in Wessex, 1981 and 1982.
AB  - From 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1982, 66 256 births and 386 neonatal deaths
      were recorded in the Wessex Regional Health Authority, giving a neonatal
      mortality of 5.8/1000 live births. An experienced consultant paediatrician
      undertook a confidential inquiry into each death shortly after it had been
      reported. One hundred and forty four deaths (37%) were found to be due to lethal
      or severe malformations, an incidence of 2.2/1000 births. Of the 242 normally
      formed infants, 111 (46%) died within 24 hours of birth. Seventy seven (32%)
      weighed over 2500 g at birth. Factors operating before delivery accounted for 104
      (43%) of the deaths of normally formed infants. The commonest factors were short
      gestation and low birth weight, and intrauterine hypoxia and birth injury.
      Factors after delivery accounted for 81 deaths (33%), the commonest being
      infections and sudden infant deaths. In the remaining 57 deaths (24%) it seemed
      that a combination of factors before and after birth had led to the death.
      Factors before birth thus played a part in two thirds of all deaths. Possible
      adverse factors in medical care were sought in 154 potentially viable babies and
      were identified in 38--that is, 10% of all neonatal deaths. Better provision and
      training of district staff in immediate care at birth would achieve more in
      lowering neonatal mortality in Wessex than the setting up of a regional unit
      specializing in advanced neonatal intensive care. Moreover, the greatest scope
      for improving the outcome of childbirth in Wessex would be offered if there were
      further advances in obstetric rather than neonatal care.

PMID- 6424792
TI  - First year of an inner city general practitioner community hospital.
AB  - The first inner city general practitioner community hospital opened on 4 January
      1982. This paper describes the operation of the hospital over the first 12
      months. There were 316 admissions, with an average length of stay of 13 days. The
      average age of the patients was 73 and the most common reason for admission was
      disease of the respiratory system. Thirty five per cent of patients were admitted
      because of an acute illness and 37% were admitted on the same day as the request
      for admission. The policies of intermittent or phased care allowed for the
      admission of patients at regular intervals to relieve carers, and the assessment
      of the home circumstances of all patients allowed for planning the patient's
      return home.

PMID- 6424793
TI  - Green college lectures: 1984. Medicine in the United States.

PMID- 6424794
TI  - Malaria prophylaxis: two problem regions.

PMID- 6424795
TI  - Syncope.

PMID- 6424796
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen for patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6424797
TI  - Dicyclomine in babies.

PMID- 6424798
TI  - Motorcyclists should be encouraged to wear full face crash helmets.

PMID- 6424799
TI  - Cancer in organ transplant recipients.

PMID- 6424800
TI  - Illogical warnings on Ventolin inhalers.

PMID- 6424801
TI  - Effects of mild exercise on serum lipoproteins and metabolites of arachidonic
      acid.

PMID- 6424802
TI  - Hypertension in general practice.

PMID- 6424803
TI  - Relevance of osteoporosis in women with fracture of the femoral neck.

PMID- 6424804
TI  - Senile dementia and nutrition.

PMID- 6424805
TI  - Obstruction of the fetal urinary tract: role for surgical intervention in utero?

PMID- 6424806
TI  - Misinterpretation of toxocaral serodiagnostic tests.

PMID- 6424807
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

PMID- 6424808
TI  - Development of tumor along the track of a peritoneovenous shunt.

PMID- 6424809
TI  - Endotracheal cuff pressure and tracheal mucosal blood flow: endoscopic study of
      effects of four large volume cuffs.

PMID- 6424810
TI  - Oxygen as a driving gas for nebulizers: safe or dangerous.

PMID- 6424811
TI  - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 6424812
TI  - Renal insufficiency with combinations of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
      and diuretics.

PMID- 6424813
TI  - Gastroenterology services: a regional review.

PMID- 6424814
TI  - Problems of tuberculosis in decline.

PMID- 6424815
TI  - Appropriate technology.

PMID- 6424816
TI  - Acquired resistance to cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6424817
TI  - Liver biopsy: techniques, clinical applications, and complications.

PMID- 6424818
TI  - Resolution after radiotherapy of severe pulmonary damage due to paraquat
      poisoning.
AB  - A 29 year old man was admitted 36 hours after ingesting about 5 g paraquat. His
      arterial oxygen pressure fell progressively to 3.4 kPa (34 mm Hg), and pulmonary
      damage induced by paraquat was diagnosed. His condition did not improve after
      treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, but after irradiation both
      lungs cleared and arterial oxygen pressure started to improve. Irradiation of the
      lungs should be considered in patients who, after surviving the acute phase of
      poisoning with paraquat, show progressive deterioration of respiratory function.

PMID- 6424819
TI  - Fixed performance oxygen masks: an evaluation.
AB  - Fixed performance oxygen masks operate by supplying mixtures of oxygen and air at
      rates exceeding the inspiratory flow rate of the patient. In this study the
      oxygen concentration delivered by three fixed performance oxygen masks was
      determined non-invasively at various inspiratory flow rates. At low inspiratory
      flow rates all the masks studied acted as fixed performance devices. When the
      peak inspiratory rate increased the performance of all the masks showed some
      variability. The change from fixed to variable performance depended on the
      relation between inspiratory flow rate and the total gas flow delivered by the
      mask and was independent of the volume of the mask. Hence the use of low volume
      masks and high oxygen flow rates should produce more consistent results than high
      volume masks and lower flow rates.

PMID- 6424820
TI  - Flexible induction dose regimen for warfarin and prediction of maintenance dose.
AB  - Fifty patients with venous thromboembolic disease being treated by heparin
      infusion received a three day warfarin induction regimen tailored according to
      the prothrombin time (British comparative ratio) measured on days 2 and 3. A
      prediction of the final maintenance dose of warfarin was made on the basis of a
      prothrombin time measured on day 4. All patients were safely anticoagulated by
      day 6, and the prediction was accurate to within 1 mg in 46 patients. Predicted
      and actual maintenance doses were closely related (r = 0.867; n = 50; p less than
      0.001). This scheme should prove helpful in the control of anticoagulation,
      particularly in patients likely to be sensitive to warfarin, and should shorten
      hospital stay.

PMID- 6424821
TI  - Poisoning with cadmium fumes after smelting lead.

PMID- 6424822
TI  - Sensitisation to human insulin.

PMID- 6424823
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum without faecal peritonitis in a patient with pseudomembranous
      colitis.

PMID- 6424824
TI  - Carcinomatous meningitis diagnosed with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6424825
TI  - General practitioners, court reports, and alcohol related offences.
AB  - General practitioners may have to submit medical reports to the courts on
      patients who have a suspected alcohol problem, 98% of such requests coming from
      magistrates courts. When, however, a defendant decides to plead "not guilty" to
      an offence on the grounds of intoxication general practitioners are often asked
      to prepare a report to support the plea. We present guidelines on preparing such
      reports and discuss the implications of the contents.

PMID- 6424826
TI  - Response to paper on "Audit of the use of vitamin B12 in general practice".

PMID- 6424827
TI  - Optimal timing of operation for bleeding peptic ulcer: prospective randomised
      trial.
AB  - From October 1980 to September 1983 all patients with upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding were admitted to a centralised unit and investigated by early endoscopy.
      A total of 142 patients with a proved duodenal or gastric ulcer were randomised
      after stratification for age and site of ulcer to early (aggressive) surgical
      management or a delayed (conservative) policy. Significantly more operations (n =
      42; 60%) were performed in the early than in the delayed (n = 9; 20%) groups (p
      less than 0.01). There were no deaths among the 42 patients under 60. The overall
      mortality in the 100 patients aged over 60 was 10% and when analysed on an
      "intention to treat" basis there was no difference between early and delayed
      surgery. When, however, an unrelated death from a bleeding colonic polyp was
      excluded and the data analysed on "treatment received" the mortality was only 2%
      in the early group compared with 13% in the delayed group (p less than 0.05).
      When analysis was confined to gastric ulcer the difference between early (0%) and
      delayed (24%) treatment was even greater. The results of this trial indicate that
      for patients over 60 an aggressive surgical policy is associated with a
      significant reduction in mortality.

PMID- 6424828
TI  - Headache.

PMID- 6424829
TI  - Operating theatre and equipment.

PMID- 6424830
TI  - Diabetic ketoacidosis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy: a fatal combination.

PMID- 6424831
TI  - Audit of surgical practice in a community hospital.
AB  - The results of a prospective analysis of one year's surgery on inpatients in a
      busy community hospital showed that a high quality of surgery may be achieved
      with safety and low rates of complications. The results of a retrospective
      analysis of certain aspects of surgery was just as encouraging. Surgery that is
      performed in a community hospital is convenient for the patient, provides
      continuity of care by the general practitioner, and waiting list times are short.
      Surgical facilities can form an integral part of the comprehensive service
      provided by a community hospital and can lighten the caseload for minor surgery
      at the district general hospital. Close liaison between the two hospitals is
      essential.

PMID- 6424832
TI  - Choosing and changing doctors.

PMID- 6424834
TI  - Smoking and ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 6424833
TI  - Treatment of end stage renal disease.

PMID- 6424835
TI  - Are spinal injuries more common in rugby union than in rugby league football?

PMID- 6424836
TI  - Effect of health visitors working with elderly patients in general practice:
      randomised controlled trials.

PMID- 6424837
TI  - Tremor.

PMID- 6424838
TI  - Current issues in administration: a more centralised bureaucracy?

PMID- 6424839
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemia.

PMID- 6424840
TI  - Marathon medicine.

PMID- 6424841
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: chances of success.

PMID- 6424842
TI  - Time trends in cancer mortality in England and Wales.

PMID- 6424843
TI  - Medicine in the workplace.

PMID- 6424844
TI  - Fetal circulation during epidural analgesia for caesarean section.
AB  - Fetal blood flow was examined during epidural analgesia in six women with
      uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing elective caesarean section. A non-invasive,
      ultrasonic technique was used to measure blood flow in the fetal descending aorta
      and intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein before induction of analgesia with
      etidocaine and bupivacaine and 15 and 30 minutes afterwards. No appreciable
      change in fetal blood flow was observed.

PMID- 6424845
TI  - Bleeding oesophageal varices and hepatic dysfunction in adult polycystic kidney
      disease.
AB  - A patient with adult polycystic liver and kidney disease presented with
      haematemesis and melaena and was found to have raised serum creatinine, aspartate
      transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase values; hypoalbuminaemia; and a prolonged
      prothrombin ratio. She also had oesophageal varices. With haemodialysis her
      aspartate transaminase activity fell to normal but she remained hypoalbuminaemic
      with a prolonged prothrombin ratio. She died after three weeks. Although hepatic
      cysts do occur in adult polycystic kidney disease, they have been thought not to
      cause major liver disease. The hepatic cysts in this patient, however, did appear
      to be associated with portal hypertension and impaired hepatocellular function.

PMID- 6424846
TI  - Erythrocytic cation transport receptor numbers and activity in pregnancies
      complicated by essential hypertension and pre-eclampsia.
AB  - Various functions of erythrocytic cation transport were studied in normotensive
      and hypertensive pregnancy (women with pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension).
      The results showed that in pregnancy there is an increase in the number of
      erythrocytic glycoside binding sites accompanied by a proportional increase in
      the active inward transport of rubidium (used as a substitute for potassium).
      There was no evidence of an effect of pregnancy on intraerythrocytic sodium
      concentrations. These changes were apparently entirely attributable to pregnancy
      and not affected by pre-eclampsia or essential hypertension. It is suggested that
      these alterations indicate an adaptive increase in sodium pump numbers and
      activity secondary to a tendency for the intraerythrocytic sodium concentration
      to rise during pregnancy and compensating for that tendency.

PMID- 6424847
TI  - Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Seven hundred and thirty five patients who underwent elective vagotomy and
      drainage procedures in one hospital during 1957-67 were followed up until 1
      September 1982. At this time 281 were dead compared with an expected 184. This
      gives a ratio of observed to expected deaths of 1.53 (p less than 0.0001). The
      most important cause of increased mortality was lung cancer, which accounted for
      33 of the excess deaths (observed to expected ratio 3.53). Gastric cancer yielded
      an observed to expected ratio of 3.3. Other causes of death that were
      significantly more common than expected were cerebrovascular accident,
      bronchopneumonia, and colorectal cancer. It is concluded that although gastric
      cancer occurs more commonly after vagotomy and drainage than in the general
      population, it is not as important a cause of death as diseases related to
      smoking.

PMID- 6424848
TI  - Mammary skin oedema: a new prognostic indicator for breast cancer.
AB  - Mammary skin thickening shown on the mammogram was measured in 220 patients with
      non-inflammatory breast cancer, and the mean skin oedema was derived by taking
      the mean of five measurements from separate sites on the breast (upper part,
      lower part, medial part, lateral part, and areola) after subtracting the
      corresponding figures from the opposite (normal) breast. The prevalence of
      appreciable oedema (greater than 0.25 mm) was 70% for tumours less than 1 cm and
      100% for tumours more than 3 cm in diameter. This measure of oedema correlated
      positively and significantly with tumour size and lymph node status. In a minimum
      of 60 months' follow up patients developing recurrence had significantly higher
      oedema values. The amount of oedema also predicted recurrence better than lymph
      node status, tumour size, or tumour stage. Oedema and tumour size, information
      available preoperatively, provide a simple means of assessing prognosis before
      definitive treatment.

PMID- 6424849
TI  - Acute obstructive hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 6424850
TI  - Response of urinary albumin to submaximal exercise in newly diagnosed non-insulin
      dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6424851
TI  - Spinal cord disease due to Schistosoma mansoni successfully treated with
      oxamniquine.

PMID- 6424852
TI  - Hypercalcaemia during resolution of calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis.

PMID- 6424853
TI  - Clinical judgment in the diagnosis and management of frequency and dysuria in
      general practice.
AB  - In a study of 40 women with the urethral syndrome and 46 women with conventional
      urinary tract infection, none of whom was pregnant, general practitioners
      predicted the diagnosis correctly before the report on the midstream urine
      specimen was received, as evidenced by their management. They seemed to do this
      by balancing the symptom of dysuria with the psychological make up of the
      patient: patients with the urethral syndrome suffered appreciably less dysuria
      than patients with urinary tract infection; patients with the urethral syndrome
      suffered appreciably more psychological illness. This ability to distinguish
      between the two disorders has important clinical and economic implications.

PMID- 6424854
TI  - Urethral syndrome: a self limiting illness.
AB  - Thirty nine adult women who were not pregnant and had the urethral syndrome in a
      general practice underwent detailed microbiological investigations. Patients
      monitored their own symptoms, and those with persisting symptoms were entered
      into a randomised controlled trial of treatment with doxycycline and placebo.
      Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were not isolated and fastidious
      organisms were not causally associated with the urethral syndrome. Treatment with
      doxycycline showed no benefit; each episode of the urethral syndrome was short
      and self limiting and there were no recurrences in a median observation period of
      12 months.

PMID- 6424855
TI  - Minimum standards for training practices.

PMID- 6424856
TI  - Popular marathons, half marathons, and other long distance runs: recommendations
      for medical support.

PMID- 6424857
TI  - Green College lectures: 1984. Medicine in the European communities.

PMID- 6424858
TI  - Immunisation, rehydration, and transfusion.

PMID- 6424859
TI  - Contribution of general practitioner hospitals in Scotland.
AB  - The results of a survey of 64 Scottish general practitioner hospitals showed that
      in 1980 these hospitals contained 3.3% of available staffed beds in Scotland;
      13.6% of the resident population had access for initial hospital care, and 14.5%
      of Scottish general practitioners were on their staffs. During the year of the
      survey they discharged 1.8% of all non-surgical patients, treated almost 100 000
      patients for accidents and emergencies and 140 000 outpatients, and 4.4% of all
      deliveries in Scotland were carried out in the hospitals surveyed. Most
      communities which are served by general practitioner hospitals in Scotland are
      rural and on average are more than 30 miles from their nearest district general
      hospital. The contribution that these small hospitals make to the overall
      hospital workload has not previously been estimated. It has been shown nationally
      to be small but not inconsiderable . In terms of the contribution to the health
      care of the communities they serve it cannot and should not be underestimated.

PMID- 6424860
TI  - ABC of asthma. Definition and diagnosis.

PMID- 6424861
TI  - Conical spacer devices in severe asthma.

PMID- 6424862
TI  - Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta and a gene deletion.

PMID- 6424863
TI  - Psychosis after cannabis abuse.

PMID- 6424864
TI  - Diazepam or midazolam for endoscopy?

PMID- 6424865
TI  - Learning to live with cash limits--and other financial matters.

PMID- 6424866
TI  - Electrophysiological studies on benzodiazepine antagonists.
AB  - The actions of the benzodiazepine (BDZ) antagonists 3-hydroxymethyl-beta
      carboline (3-HMC), Ro 14-7437 and Ro 15-1788 were tested on single cell activity
      of rat hypothalamic neurons in tissue cultures and on membrane properties of CA1
      hippocampal pyramidal neurons in transverse slices. In addition, we examined the
      interactions of some of these agents with inhibitions elicited by gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ability of Ro 14-7437 to reverse the GABA
      enhancing action of the BDZ agonist flurazepam. BDZ antagonists did not alter
      patterns of spontaneous activity of hypothalamic neurons and did not affect
      resting membrane potential or membrane conductance in CA1 pyramidal cells. Ro 14
      7437 either partially or totally reversed the potentiation by flurazepam of GABA
      elicited depression of hypothalamic neuronal activity. Small and inconsistent
      actions on GABA-mediated inhibitions of hypothalamic neurons were noted.
      Electrically-elicited inhibitions of hypothalamic neurons were either not altered
      or slightly reduced. In the hippocampal slice, the frequency of spontaneous
      IPSPs, the amplitude of stratum-radiatum evoked IPSPs and the conductance
      increase caused by stratum-radiatum stimulation were either not altered or
      slightly reduced. These findings demonstrate that non-convulsant BDZ antagonists
      block the action of BDZ agonists in facilitating GABA and further that the
      presence of a BDZ agonist is not required for these GABA-mediated events to
      occur. However, these experiments do not exclude a modulatory role for an
      endogenous BDZ agonist on GABA-mediated events.

PMID- 6424867
TI  - Cerebellar norepinephrine depletion and impaired acquisition of specific
      locomotor tasks in rats.
AB  - Previous work in our laboratory has shown that norepinephrine (NE)-depleted rats
      manifested impaired acquisition of a locomotor task as measured in a new rod
      runway paradigm. This paradigm involved the initial training of water-deprived
      rats on an equally spaced regular rod arrangement (REG), and subsequent testing,
      after intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 3 X 25 micrograms/microliter free
      base) infusion, on a more difficult irregular rod arrangement (IRR). These NE
      depleted animals manifested impaired acquisition of the task as measured by
      running times (RT, 25 trials/day) over a 4 day post-infusion test period (IRR).
      In this present study, this same REG/IRR paradigm was employed in combination
      with a localized 6-OHDA lesion of the coeruleo-cerebellar pathway. A bilateral
      infusion of 6-OHDA (8 micrograms/2 microliters) induced cerebellar noradrenergic
      deafferentation (26% of controls) and produced a significant impairment of 4 day
      post-infusion RT. Thus, the coeruleo-cerebellar-lesioned rats demonstrated
      acquisitional impairment when tested on the new locomotor task (IRR). Moreover,
      the degree of impaired acquisitional, but not initial post-infusion motor
      performance, was found to correlate directly with the degree of cerebellar
      noradrenergic deafferentation. Furthermore, these rats showed no arousal,
      motivational or general cognitive learning deficits since no significant
      differences were observed in runway intertrial interval times, open field
      behavior, or in reversal of a T-maze position habit. Thus, cerebellar NE appears
      to be strongly associated with the adaptive ability to coordinate and choreograph
      the movements necessary to perform in this locomotor task.

PMID- 6424868
TI  - Effects of histamine antagonists injected in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic
      area on the prolactin surge induced by estrogen in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Thirty five nmoles of pyrilamine (a H1-histamine antagonist) or metiamide (a H2
      histamine antagonist) in 1 microliter of saline solution were injected into the
      preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (POA-AHA) of estrogen-treated ovariectomized
      rats. Forty-eight hours later animals were bled between 15:00 and 20:00 hr.
      Prolactin (PRL) plasma levels were measured by RIA. The anti-histamine treatment
      altered the PRL surge normally observed 72 hr after the estrogen injection in
      these animals under this experimental schedule. Rats receiving metiamide showed a
      normal PRL surge but the hormone levels remained high at the end of the sampling
      period. Rats receiving pyrilamine instead, showed depressed PRL levels at 16:00
      18:00 hr but sustained high hormone levels at 19:00-20:00 hr. Pyrilamine
      administration at lower doses (17.5 and 8.75 nmoles/microliter) still interfered
      with the PRL surge. The present data suggest that histamine receptors present in
      the POA-AHA are involved in the PRL release due to estrogen and that both H1 and
      H2-histamine receptors may be mediators of this response.

PMID- 6424869
TI  - Reduced permeation of 14C-sucrose, 3H-mannitol and 3H-inulin across blood-brain
      barrier in nephrectomized rats.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to determine if changes in the concentration-time
      profile of a blood-borne radiotracer such as 14C-sucrose would spuriously alter
      measurements of its permeation across the blood-brain barrier (permeability-area
      product, PA) based on a 2-compartment (plasma/brain) simple diffusion model.
      Anesthetized rats which were bilaterally nephrectomized and given a standard
      intravenous bolus injection of 14C-sucrose, 3H-mannitol or 3H-inulin exhibited an
      elevated plasma tracer concentration compared to control animals. However, tracer
      concentration measured in brain parenchyma after 30 min was not proportionally
      elevated, and PA calculated from the ratio, parenchymal tracer concentration:
      plasma concentration-time integral, was significantly reduced below control
      values. In control rats, distortion and elevation of the plasma 14C-sucrose
      profile by continuous intravenous infusion did not result in lowered PA values.
      This suggested that the lowering of PA by nephrectomy reflected reduced
      cerebrovascular permeability or area or other cerebral influence rather than a
      deficiency in the 2-compartment model for PA measurement.

PMID- 6424870
TI  - Caudate unit activity and somal diameters in intact and nigral lesioned cats.
AB  - In a search for morphofunctional relationships in the head of the caudate nucleus
      (CN), we recorded extracellular unit activity in intact cats and in cats that had
      received bilateral injections of 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra (SN) 30 days
      previously. Only units firing spontaneously and continuously for 2 min were
      studied. In dorsal regions, potentials were small and iterative at almost
      constant intervals; the somal diameters were relatively small. In the
      ventrolateral region, potentials were bigger and appeared in bursts; somal
      diameters were significantly larger (p less than 0.05). For the centromedial
      region a histogram of numbers of neurons as a function of diameters revealed a
      Gaussian distribution extending from small to large neurons. Most dorsal neurons
      increased their firing rate to radial nerve, visual, SN, and/or nucleus centralis
      medialis (NCM) stimulation. Ventral neurons usually responded with excitation
      followed by long lasting inhibition, particularly to SN and NCM stimulation. A
      few neurons responded to all four inputs and some showed long-lasting
      potentiation in response to low frequency stimulation, suggesting a more general
      function. Greatest convergence (65%) was found for NCM and SN inputs. In lesioned
      cats, there was no SN driving, NCM's inhibitory actions almost disappeared, and
      the excitatory action of the other stimuli was reduced.

PMID- 6424871
TI  - Motilin: a novel growth hormone releasing agent.
AB  - Motilin, a gastrointestinal peptide recently detected in the rat brain, was
      capable of stimulating growth hormone (GH) release from dispersed anterior
      pituitary cells in a dose-related fashion. In initial experiments, the minimum
      effective concentration was 10(-7) M and the effect was specific for just GH.
      Subsequent experiments demonstrated that concentrations of synthetic motilin as
      low as 10(-9) M could significantly stimulate GH release. Only large IV doses
      (100 micrograms) of motilin significantly elevated circulating GH levels in vivo.
      However, administration of antiserum to porcine motilin (100 microliters, IV)
      significantly depressed plasma GH levels, suggesting a physiologic role for
      median eminence and hypothalamic motilin in the control of GH secretion.
      Furthermore, infusion of motilin into the third ventricle of conscious rats
      resulted in a significant depression of GH levels, suggesting an ultrashort loop
      feedback action of motilin on the release of motilin itself or somatostatin. In
      light of motilin's only minor structural similarity to human pancreatic tumor GH
      releasing factor (GRF) and the ability of passive immunoneutralization of motilin
      to lower GH, this 22-amino acid peptide must now be considered a physiologic GRF.

PMID- 6424872
TI  - Problems involved in correlating changes of functional diffusive and anatomical
      surface areas of the upper and lower chicken small intestine during fasting.
AB  - The anatomic villous surface area and the functional diffusive area (measured by
      the absorption of 64 mM thiourea) of the jejunum and ileum was estimated in fed
      and 3-d-fasted chickens. In the jejunum, fasting caused a 50% reduction of the
      anatomic villous surface area but only a 32% reduction in the functional
      diffusive area. The jejunal permeability to thiourea was unaltered. The ileal
      anatomic villous surface area was unaffected by fasting but the ileal functional
      diffusive area was decreased significantly by 26%, concomitant with a significant
      reduction of 34% in the permeability to thiourea. The passive absorption of
      thiourea cannot be used as a simple index of the functional diffusive surface
      area for dietary-induced changes in the small intestine of the domestic fowl.

PMID- 6424873
TI  - Effect of bipiperidyl mustard and gold thioglucose on the hypothalamus and growth
      of the hatchling chick and duckling.
AB  - Following a 48 h fasting period after hatching, male Cobb broiler chicks were
      injected with either bipiperidyl mustard (intraperitoneally; 0.01 and 0.02 mg/g
      body weight) or goldthioglucose (intracardially; 0.25 mg/g body weight). The
      influence of these obesifying agents on growth was compared to control injections
      of physiological saline. Bi-weekly body weights, and eight week live, carcass,
      and abdominal fat plus carcass weights were depressed in chicks injected with
      bipiperidyl mustard, the depression being significant for eight-week abdominal
      fat weights. In birds injected with gold thioglucose all weights were
      significantly depressed. In a separate investigation, histological evidence of
      generalised hypothalmic lesions was observed in both chicks (Gallus domesticus)
      and ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) injected with bipiperidyl mustard or gold
      thioglucose. Similar lesions were absent in control chicks and ducklings. The
      possibility of the existence of a sex-steroid-mediated endorphinergic-glucostatic
      mechanism for appetite regulation in birds is discussed.

PMID- 6424874
TI  - [Production of complement C 3 fraction by rat liver epithelial cells in culture.
      Stimulating effect of monocyte supernatants from human circulating blood].
AB  - A noticeable increase has been observed in the production of the C 3 component of
      the complement by Rat liver epithelial cells cultured in vitro in the presence of
      small quantities of supernatant of human blood mononuclear cells cultured for 72
      hrs. with phytohemagglutinin. The physicochemical properties suggest that the
      stimulating factor(s) is(are) protein(s).

PMID- 6424875
TI  - [Production of anti-L-histidine decarboxylase monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against Rat gastric L
      histidine decarboxylase (H.D.) have been obtained from a partially purified
      preparation and screened by immunoprecipitation of the enzyme activity. They
      cross react with Rat brain H.D., indicating at least that these two enzymes share
      common antigenic determinants.

PMID- 6424876
TI  - [Biological properties of a synthetic sequence (10-24) of the gamma chain from
      sub-unit A of cholera toxin].
AB  - The biological activity of a synthetic fragment of choleric toxin. gamma Chain A
      subunit, was studied in vivo. This pentadecapeptide (10-24) was synthesized by
      solid phase method and finally purified by HPLC. Associated with the B subunit,
      the peptide inhibits the tissue water loss induced by commercial choleric toxin.

PMID- 6424877
TI  - [Persistence of Mullerian ducts in the male rabbit by passive immunization
      against anti-mullerian hormone during fetal life].
AB  - A female Rabbit immunized against bovine anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was mated
      and gave birth to 3 litters, containing a total of 13 males. Ten of these
      presented with Mullerian derivatives, of variable development. Testicular
      position and structure, Wolffian development and virilization of the urogenital
      sinus were apparently normal in males with persistent Mullerian ducts.

PMID- 6424878
TI  - [Genetic analysis of the shedding pattern of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae by
      hybridization of species with early and late emission peaks].
AB  - The hybridization between Schistosomes (S. mansoni) with an early and a late
      shedding pattern of cercariae lead to heterozygotous cercariae whose shedding
      pattern is characterized by two peaks (early and late). These results demonstrate
      the genetic support of the shedding rhythm of cercariae and suggest the
      participation of the daughter sporocyst in the chronobiological phenomenon of
      cercarial shedding.

PMID- 6424880
TI  - [A stoichiometric interpretation of the significance of the Hill coefficient of
      some kinetically cooperative enzymes. Application to alpha-glucosidases of the
      hemolymph of bees].
AB  - In an enzyme complex where active subunits are aggregated in functional groups
      undergoing steric interactions, the Hill coefficient can reflect the ratio of the
      partial reaction order of the substrate upon the enzyme one, according to the
      mass action law. Honeybee haemolymph alpha-glucosidases kinetics support this
      theory in negative and positive cooperativity cases.

PMID- 6424879
TI  - [Pertussis toxin stimulates brain adenyl cyclase and induces ADP ribosylation of
      a 40,000 dalton membrane protein].
AB  - The adenylate cyclase activity of Rat brain synaptosomal membranes is strongly
      activated by forskolin. This study demonstrates: 1. That GTP or its analogs, when
      added to forskolin, decrease the enzyme stimulation by a factor of 40 to 60%; 2.
      That Pertussis toxin (TP), in the presence of NAD, ADP-ribosylates a single
      membrane protein of 40,000 dalton apparent molecular weight in a strictly
      concomitant manner. This Lubrol-soluble protein has a sedimentation coefficient
      of 3.6 and a Stokes radius of 6 nm. An immune serum against TP blocks the NAD
      glycohydrolase activity of the toxin.

PMID- 6424881
TI  - [Phenotype of T lymphocytes and macrophages obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage
      of human lung].
AB  - T lymphocytes and macrophages, isolated and purified from broncho-alveolar
      lavages performed in normal controls and in patients with various alveolar
      structure diseases were identified using monoclonal antibodies against different
      membrane markers. For T lymphocyte subsets, our results are consistent with
      previous observations showing a large number of lung helper T cells in patients
      with sarcoidosis with high-intensity alveolitis. For macrophage subsets, we
      pointed out, for all cases, a weak expression of monocyte markers.

PMID- 6424882
TI  - [Seasonal determination of the metabolic clearance of aldosterone in the adult
      male sand rat (Psammomys obesus)].
AB  - The metabolic clearance Rate (MCR) of aldosterone was measured in the adult male
      sand Rat (Psammomys obesus) live-trapped throughout the year in the Beni-Abbes
      area, in the Algerian Sahara desert. Aldosterone MCR was about 4-61/24 h/100 g
      body wt and was not significantly different throughout the year. Taken together
      with previous results on annual variations in plasma concentrations of
      aldosterone, these data suggest that the in vivo production rate of aldosterone
      of the sand rat exhibited marked seasonal changes: highest in autumn and winter,
      it decreased in spring and was minimum in June and July.

PMID- 6424883
TI  - [In vitro effects of preovulatory human follicular liquid on migration of human
      spermatozoa].
AB  - In vitro measurements of spermatozoa migration in different media showed a 75%
      increase in the number of spermatozoa migrating into preovulatory human
      follicular fluid versus Menezo's fluid. However after 4 h storage in either
      medium, total and progressive motility of the spermatozoa was lower in follicular
      fluid than in Menezo's fluid. A positive correlation was evident between the
      spermatozoa migration in follicular fluid and the concentration or motility of
      spermatozoa in fresh sperm.

PMID- 6424884
TI  - [Inhibition of the evoked liberation of (Met5)enkephalin from slices of globus
      pallidus in the presence of thiorphan and bestatin].
AB  - (Met5) enkephalin released from slices of Rat globus pallidus by 30 mM or 50 mM
      K+ is hydrolysed to the extent of 85% before reaching the incubation medium. When
      thiorphan and bestatin, two peptidase inhibitors, are added, this inactivation
      process is completely prevented but the peptide release from tissues is
      significantly diminished. The latter effect being reversed in the presence of an
      opioid antagonist, naloxone, in moderate concentration, the existence of an auto
      inhibition process regulating enkephalin release is suggested.

PMID- 6424885
TI  - [Demonstration of a new methylase in cell membranes of rat brain].
AB  - In Rat brain membranes, two methylases occurred which converted
      phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. We have pointed out another
      methylase which gave chloroform extractable methylated products; its Km was
      nearly 10 fold lower than that of the other methylases.

PMID- 6424886
TI  - [Postnatal development of oxidative metabolism of the epididymis in rats].
AB  - The oxidative metabolism of the epididymis decreases significantly from birth to
      12 days and increases gradually after 20 days. Its evolution is contemporary with
      the development of the interstitial gland and follows the variations of plasmatic
      and tissular testosterone levels.

PMID- 6424887
TI  - [Differentiation of the effects of diazepam on self-stimulation behavior as a
      function of the structure of the stimulated brain].
AB  - The effect of diazepam was tested on self-stimulation in 21 mice with a bipolar
      electrode in lateral hypothalamus (HL), dorsolateral hippocampus (HPC) or lateral
      entorninal cortex (CEL). Diazepam at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg significantly increased
      self-stimulation rates in HL while 4 and 8 mg/kg had no significant effect.
      Similar increases were seen in CEL mice but high doses produced a significant
      suppression. HPC animals showed a drastic suppression of self-stimulation
      beginning at 2 mg/kg of diazepam, lower doses having no significant effect. The
      results demonstrate that entorhinal and hippocampal self-stimulation involve at
      least partly independent neuronal mechanisms and point to a possible inhibitory
      influence of HPC and CEL.

PMID- 6424888
TI  - [Effect of somatocrinin 1-40 (hpGRF-40) on human prolactinoma].
AB  - Growth Hormone-Releasing 1-40, from a human pancreatic tumor (hpGRF-40),
      stimulates adenylate cyclase activity of a subcellular preparation enriched in
      plasma membranes from a human prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. hpGRF-40 and
      VIP have 9 common residues. Nevertheless, the effects on adenylate cyclase are
      additive, suggesting the existence of specific receptors to hpGRF-40 in human
      prolactinoma.

PMID- 6424889
TI  - [Lethal effect of the decay of 64Cu and 67Cu incorporated in mammalian cells].
AB  - A high lethal efficiency was observed when the decay of two radioactive isotopes
      of copper, 64Cu or 67Cu, occurred in mammalian cells. The lethal efficiency is of
      the same order for both isotopes in spite of their different decay processes. As
      the lethal event could be attributed to an injury inside the cellular DNA only,
      these results suggest that, even if present in the DNA in trace amounts solely,
      copper atoms are essential chromatin components. Their behaviour differs
      depending on whether the cell is a tumor or a non tumor cell because their lethal
      efficiencies are different (0.5 and 0.1 respectively).

PMID- 6424890
TI  - [The effect of serum from a patient with myeloma and diffuse muscular hypertrophy
      on the growth of human muscle cells in culture].
AB  - On normal human muscle cells, the serum of a patient with myeloma producing IgG
      free kappa light chains and with muscle hypertrophy accelerated the myoblast
      fusion and the myotubes formed were abnormally large. This serum did not enhance
      cell proliferation.

PMID- 6424891
TI  - [Demonstration, in the black mouse, of a protein linked to the process of cancer
      formation in B16 melanoma].
AB  - One supplementary protein (PI = 3,5; molecular weight 70 000) was detected by
      electrofocusing in sera of black male and female Mice bearing the B16 melanoma.
      This protein was also present in the cytoplasmic fraction of tumoral cells, but
      not in the membrane fraction and cytoplasmic fractions of hepatic and spleen
      cells. The cancerous Mice presented an augmentation of the total sera proteins
      compared to the controls.

PMID- 6424892
TI  - [The C cell system and experimental thyroid apudomas in the rat: the combined
      action of 2-acetylaminofluorene and chlorpromazine in inducing systemic medullary
      type tumors. An ultrastructural study].
AB  - Previous chronic administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) before the start of the 2
      acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) action and during the cancerogenic process
      systematically facilitate the growth of apudome-like medullary tumors inside the
      thyroid gland. Ultrastructural studies of normal C cells, adenomatous C cells and
      cancerous C cells derivated from the normal cellular type show various specific
      transformations of few intracytoplasmic organelles. In the Golgi apparatus, the
      path of main maturation of calcitonin-like granules seems the same in the normal
      and in the adenomatous cells. On the contrary, the amount of calcitonin-like
      granules falls in the tumoral extensive tissue even though the golgian activity
      turns towards a high abnormal proliferation of clathrin vesicles or coated
      vesicles. This new fact is directly related with numerous extensions and repairs
      of much damage of the neoplastic cell membranes. Finally, the large medullary
      tumors (showing many atypic mitosis in glandular neoplastic C cell-type) are
      deeply penetrated by extensive and irregular vegetative nervous fibers.

PMID- 6424893
TI  - [Modification of the growth of chondrocytes by the action of concanavalin A].
AB  - The effects of Concanavalin A have been assessed on the growth of articular
      cultured chondrocytes. A differential action in relation with cellular density
      has been observed. Concanavalin A (0.02, 0.2 and 2 micrograms/ml) exerted a
      stimulating effect on low density cultures, whereas it depressed the cell growth
      curve with high cell density cultures, especially at the concentration of 2
      micrograms/ml. Such a discrepancy in the behaviour of cells related to the
      density does not seem to have been previously observed with chondrocytes. It
      could be explained by a modification of the accessibility of Concanavalin A
      receptors.

PMID- 6424894
TI  - [Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the secretion of T4 by perfused
      thyroid fragments from rats].
AB  - Evidence of a direct stimulating effect of TRH on T4 secretion was found by using
      the perifusion technique on Rat thyroid fragments. A dose-response curve was
      plotted and the kinetic pattern of the response was studied.

PMID- 6424895
TI  - [Radioprotective effect of acute non-specific inflammation in mice].
AB  - A full protection against a 8,5 Gy gamma irradiation is observed in Mice bearing
      a one day old granuloma induced by polyacrylamide microbeads, when these Mice are
      injected, 1 hr before irradiation, with the eluate obtained from a 1 day old
      granuloma. In these Mice, a striking increase of the uptake of 125IUdR in bone
      marrow is observed.

PMID- 6424896
TI  - [Response of the seminal vesicles of Gobius niger L. to castration, followed or
      without treatment with free or conjugated testosterone].
AB  - When approaching seasonal sexual maturity, precocious gonadectomy performed at
      the end of April induced seminal vesicle regression, but more tardive surgery
      performed 1 month later did not induce any regression. This unexpected result was
      interpreted as a change in the endocrine determinism. Among the precocious
      gonadectomized Fish, testosterone implants inhibited seminal vesicle regression
      but implants of sulfate-conjugated testosterone did not.

PMID- 6424897
TI  - [Depression of the efferent activity of the cerebellar nuclei following
      destruction of the inferior olive].
AB  - The spontaneous discharge frequency of the fastigial and interpositus nuclei was
      evaluated in three experimental conditions in Rat: (a) in the "intact" animal;
      (b) in animals with total and selective destruction of the inferior olive,
      depriving the Purkinje cells of their afferent climbing fiber; (c) in animals
      having inferior olive destruction and cryocoagulation of the cerebellar cortex,
      destroying Purkinje cells innervating the neurones of the fastigial and
      interpositus nuclei. Unit activity was high in group (a) (32.9 +/- 22.9/s); it
      was markedly reduced in group (b) (1.1 +/- 1.3/s); it was higher in group (c)
      than in group (a) (43.7 +/- 25.5/s). Suppression of the inferior olive thus
      increases the Purkinje cell inhibitory action upon neurones of the cerebellar
      nuclei.

PMID- 6424898
TI  - [Possible existence of autoantibodies against immunoglobulin allotypes in normal
      rabbits, and their relation to the expression of these allotypes].
AB  - The concentration of a3 allotype was increased in the serum of heterozygous a1 a3
      rabbits which received antiidiotypic antibodies against anti-a3 antibodies in the
      perinatal period. This is explained by the normal presence of anti-a3
      autoantibodies which control the expression of a3 allotype in heterozygous a1 a3
      rabbits under physiological conditions.

PMID- 6424899
TI  - [Activation of murine B lymphocytes by RU 41740, a glycoprotein extract from
      Klebsiella pneumoniae].
AB  - RU 41740, a glycoprotein extract from K. pneumoniae K2O1 strain, is an immune
      modulating compound which has been shown to reduce infectious episodes in
      deficient patients. Data from experimental designs suggest that RU 41740 could
      affect several target cells, such as T cells, B cells or macrophages. In the
      present report we show that RU 41740 is a selective B cell activator. It induces
      blast transformation in normal and nude mouse spleen cells and does not activate
      mouse T lymphocytes to proliferate. Activation of mouse spleen cells by RU 41740
      is not affected by removal of adherent cells. RU 41740 also activates
      immunoglobulin secretion by murine B lymphocytes. Incubating spleen cells from
      C3H/HeJ mice with RU 41740 results in cell proliferation and activation of
      antibody forming cells. This suggests that B cell activation is not due to LPS
      contamination.

PMID- 6424900
TI  - [In vivo and in vitro effect of trehalose dimycolate on tumoricidal activity of
      peritoneal macrophages from rats].
AB  - Trehalose dimycolate (TDM), a well-defined component of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis cell wall has been tested in vivo and in vitro for its effect on the
      tumoricidal activity of Rat peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages could be rendered
      cytolytic against syngeneic tumor cells by an intraperitoneal injection of an
      aqueous suspension of TDM. However, as we failed to render them tumoricidal in
      vitro, we consider that the activation process is not due to a direct effect on
      macrophages.

PMID- 6424901
TI  - [Specific neurons for wakefulness in the posterior hypothalamus in the cat].
AB  - Using a single unit recording technique in freely moving Cats, we have
      demonstrated the presence of two groups of neurons in the ventrolateral part of
      the caudal hypothalamus. One is characterized by a tonic discharge during waking
      and paradoxical sleep, the other is highly selective to the waking state. This
      group of neurons showed a slow tonic and regular discharge during wakefulness, a
      significant decrease in firing rate during stage I slow-wave sleep and a complete
      cessation of firing during stage II slow-wave sleep and subsequent paradoxical
      sleep.

PMID- 6424902
TI  - [Demonstration of the correlation of the degree of synthesis and 4-aminobutyric
      acid levels in the central nervous system; effect of repeated convulsive
      seizures].
AB  - GABA turnover rates have been determined in 15 brain areas in five inbred strains
      of Mice or sublines (DBA/2J, C57/6J, Swiss Rb1, Swiss Rb2, Swiss Rb3). GABA
      turnover rates and levels are correlated (2 P less than 0.05). After repeated
      seizures (twice a day for 15 days), induced by an acoustic stimulus in Swiss Rb1
      Mice selected for audiogenic seizures, this correlation is no longer observed.

PMID- 6424903
TI  - [An example of local thermodynamic equilibrium: delayed diffusion. Application to
      the calcium cycle in skeletal striated muscle fibers].
AB  - The binding of a molecule with a motionless support gives rise to a noticeable
      decrease of the diffusion coefficient. In a muscular fiber, calcium traps involve
      delayed diffusion. We compute the calcium concentration according to the fiber
      frequency excitation.

PMID- 6424904
TI  - [Eicosanoids released in vitro by human alveolar macrophages from normal subjects
      and asthmatics].
AB  - Unstimulated alveolar macrophages incubated with arachidonic acid [1-14C] release
      both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase metabolites. The nature of these eicosanoids
      is dependent on the incubation time with the labeled arachidonic acid and on the
      pathological lung profile.

PMID- 6424905
TI  - [Method for in vitro recording of vestibular neurons of the inner ear during
      postnatal development in the mouse].
AB  - Unitary recordings of spontaneous activity were performed from vestibular
      ganglion perikaria and axons of Mouse inner ear explants. The latter were from 1
      11 day postnatal mice and were maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C, in a defined
      bathing medium. Spontaneous action potentials were obtained at each developmental
      stage and presented the distinctive features of the in vivo recorded activities
      during normal development. On the 3rd day post partum the recorded activities
      were of the immature type, with slow irregular discharge frequencies. In ganglia
      3 to 9 days post partum the spike frequencies increased and the discharges
      exhibited 3 distinct firing patterns. This electrophysiological maturation of
      vestibular receptors is discussed in comparison with the morphological maturation
      of the vestibular organ during the same postnatal period.

PMID- 6424906
TI  - [Unit activity in the ventral tegmental area and the state of focused attention
      in the normal awake cat].
AB  - Our previous studies had indicated that electrocortical "beta" rhythms (37 Hz)
      that develop in the fronto-parietal area in waking, immobile and highly attentive
      cats, are under the control of a dopaminergic system originating from the ventral
      tegmental area (VTA). A single unit study has now shown that 9% of VTA cells
      displayed a sustained increased of their firing rate during each beta episode.
      These data indicate that VTA cells exert a "gate control" on the rhythmic thalamo
      cortical beta system.

PMID- 6424907
TI  - [A cytoplasmic antigen related to the cell cycle identified by a human autoimmune
      serum].
AB  - A human serum from a patient with an autoimmune disorder, previously
      characterized for its ability to specifically recognize a chromatin-associated
      PSL or p55 antigen, was found also to detect a 30-32 K polypeptide in the
      cytoplasm of human HeLa cells. This molecule is strictly cytoplasmic, does not
      cross react with nuclear PSL and is synthesized only during the S phase of the
      cell cycle.

PMID- 6424908
TI  - [Demonstration of plasmacytes in gingival immune defense units in dermoid cysts
      of the ovary].
AB  - Gingival units of immunological defense have been observed surrounding erupted
      teeth in the connective tissue of the wall of ovarian dermoid cysts. Using a
      modified immunoperoxidase technique, the production of IgA, IgG and J chains has
      been clearly detected. This technique works perfectly on decalcified specimens.
      Since dermoid cysts are not contaminated, the origin of the plasma-cells in these
      units is presumed to be triggered by other antigenic factors. These are present
      in epithelium and provided a possible explanation for the "homing" of lymph-cells
      migrating from the immune system.

PMID- 6424909
TI  - [Basal metabolism: definition and apparatus for its measurement].
AB  - The " Metabolisme de Fond" (MF) is defined as the energy expenditure of the whole
      body cells, except for the energy devoted to the locomotor activity. The
      continuous measurement of the MF is performed in the free moving rat using a
      computer-controlled open circuitry calorimeter. This system provides simultaneous
      measurement of the metabolic parameters (oxygen, carbon-dioxide, respiratory
      quotient) as well as the quantification of the behavioral parameters (food
      intake, locomotor activity, sleep). The measurement of the MF is based on the
      calculation of the slope of the curve linking the relative changes in the
      intensity of respectively locomotor activity and total metabolism. Such a
      computation of the MF requires the precise analysis and the subsequent
      mathematical correction of the physical phenomena occurring in an open circuitry
      calorimeter. Indeed the instantaneous electrical signal of locomotor activity is
      recorded before the delayed and distorted corresponding increase in the energetic
      metabolism which must be corrected. In conclusion, the method described here
      allows the direct determination of quick MF modifications in the freely behaving
      rat.

PMID- 6424910
TI  - [Effect of irradiation on the in vivo and in vitro subcellular distribution of
      radiostrontium in rat liver].
AB  - Hepatic mitochondrial strontium uptake is enhanced in whole body irradiated rats.
      Effect is observed on animals but not on irradiated organ slices. It is likely
      that a hypophyso - adrenal axis hormone plays a role in changes observed in vivo.

PMID- 6424911
TI  - [Analytical ion microscopy, a new approach to the study of iodine and sulfur in
      the thyroid gland].
AB  - Images of distribution of stable iodine and sulfur in mouse thyroid gland have
      been obtained by ion microscopy. These images give new information related to
      iodine and sulfur load of thyroglobulin and to the intensity of iodine
      concentration in lysosomes of thyroid cells. In 4 month old mice, the lumen of
      some follicles is practically deprived of iodine, but rich in thyroglobulin,
      whereas all are iodinated in adult mice of 10 months.

PMID- 6424912
TI  - Rat intestinal maltase--glucoamylase. Purification of the detergent-solubilized
      enzyme in the presence of protease inhibitors: properties and identification of a
      protease-sensitive subunit.
AB  - Failure to develop clear-cut, distinguishing characteristics for hydrophobic and
      hydrophilic forms of maltase-glucoamylase led us to attempt the purification of
      the detergent-extracted enzyme in the continuous presence of protease inhibitors
      (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N-ethylmaleimide). The enzyme was purified by
      molecular exclusion, anion-exchange, and affinity column chromatography to a
      final specific maltase activity of 80 U/mg protein, comparable to previously
      solubilized enzymes. Both detergent (d-maltase) and proteolytically (p-maltase)
      solubilized enzymes had identical Km's for maltose and similar glycogenase
      activity. d-Maltase was clearly amphipathic. Whereas 95% of p-maltase was eluted
      with aqueous buffer from an octyl-Sepharose CL-4B column, the elution of d
      maltase required solutions containing Triton X-100 and ethylene glycol. On
      density gradient centrifugation and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)--polyacrylamide
      gels, p-maltase migrated as one high molecular weight species of 500,000. In
      contrast d-maltase migrated heterogeneously and the smallest maltase-active forms
      delineated by these two techniques, as well as by high pressure liquid
      chromatography, had molecular weights which ranged from 120,000 to 15,0000. Both
      p- and d-maltase were dissociated by heat in SDS, forming five prominent species
      as we have previously described. In contrast to p-maltase, in which the smallest
      species, band 1, equalled 36.7% of the total mass, band 1 of d-maltase accounted
      for 66.5%. Band 1 was separable when smaller amounts of enzyme were applied to
      slab gels and stained with silver, into two proteins of 130,000 and 145,000
      daltons. The 145,000 dalton protein was absent in p-maltase and was replaced by a
      faint band of 140,000 daltons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6424913
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Clostridium perfringens
      enterotoxin antibody.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted to test serum antibody
      to enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A. The test was evaluated using
      sheep, calf and guinea pig sera and compared with passive hemagglutination and
      immunodiffusion tests. The ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the other
      two tests and was completely free from nonspecific reactions. The method was
      considered to be technically advantageous and suitable for semiautomated
      procedures.

PMID- 6424914
TI  - Mastocytoma in a cow: a case report.
AB  - Mastocytoma was diagnosed in a four year old Holstein cow. The enlarging mass was
      clinically determined to be metastatic to the right superficial cervical lymph
      node. Cytological examination of both sites revealed mast cell neoplasia.
      Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of this tumor in these same
      sites as well as in liver, kidney and adrenal. Ultrastructurally, the mass
      contained round cells with electron dense granules in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6424915
TI  - The effect of vasopressin on fetal oxygenation in sheep.
AB  - To examine the effects of vasopressin on fetal oxygenation the hormone was
      infused intravenously for 1 h (1.4-3.5 mU X min-1 X kg fetal weight-1) to
      chronically catheterized fetal lambs in utero (113-137 days gestation). Arterial
      pressure rose (48.3 to 59.6 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) and heart rate fell
      (185.3 to 141.0 beats/min) during the infusion. There was a significant increase
      in fetal arterial PO2 (20.0 to 23.1 mmHg) and significant declines in pH (7.414
      to 7.381) and base excess. Umbilical blood flow rose, and the percentage increase
      in flow (23%) was identical to the proportional rise in arterial pressure.
      Accompanying the rise in umbilical blood flow was a rise in umbilical oxygen
      delivery. But as there was no change in fetal oxygen consumption, fractional
      oxygen extraction by the fetus fell significantly (0.31 to 0.25). These data
      indicate that the vasopressin-induced rise in fetal vascular PO2 results from an
      increase in umbilical oxygen delivery and concomitant fall in fractional
      extraction. Fetal vasopressin levels are greatly elevated during hypoxia, and
      under conditions of reduced oxygen supply, the effects of the hormone on
      umbilical oxygen delivery and vascular PO2 could have definite survival value.

PMID- 6424916
TI  - Immunomodulating activity of meningococcal antigens.
AB  - A preparation of meningococcal antigens (MA) extracted in CaCl2, and containing
      mostly outer membrane proteins, was strongly mitogenic for murine B lymphocytes.
      Given to mice in vitro, MA markedly impaired subsequent in vivo T-cell responses
      of splenocytes. Suppression of normal T splenocytes in vitro occurred with both
      adherent (Ad) and nonadherent (NA) splenocytes from MA-sensitized mice. B cells
      were much less affected by the suppression induced by MA, and only Ad cells could
      convey in vitro the low level impairment of B-cell proliferation. Strong T-cell
      suppression associated with a B-cell mitogen is also produced by bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Corynebacterium parvum. The possible role of these
      phenomena in meningococcal disease is discussed.

PMID- 6424917
TI  - Dual effect of meningococcal antigens on a T cell dependent immune response.
AB  - Meningococcal antigens (MA) showed adjuvant activity when administered to mice at
      the same time as antigen (sheep erythrocyte (SE], by increasing the splenocyte
      plaque-forming response in a dose-related manner. However, when SE were given 1
      day after MA administration, the subsequent plaque formation was diminished from
      normal in proportion to the dose of MA injected. Splenocytes taken from mice up
      to 5 days after MA injection actively inhibited plaque formation when mixed with
      splenocytes immunized with SE 4 days earlier. Two days after MA injection the
      nonspecific inhibition of plaque formation was mainly due to adherent spleen
      cells, while at 5 days nonadherent cells had acquired the inhibitory activity. It
      appears that it is the degree of activation of adherent cells resulting from the
      timing and dosage of MA which modulates the subsequent development and secretion
      of antibody-forming cells.

PMID- 6424918
TI  - [Efficacy of 8 disinfectants on 3 types of surfaces contaminated by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa].
AB  - The disinfecting capacity of eight commercial chemical products was evaluated by
      the use--dilution method given by the Associated of Official Analytical Chemists
      (AOAC) on three types of surface material (steel, aluminum, and plastic). For
      most products tested the limit concentration was 10 times higher for disinfecting
      aluminum and plastic surfaces than stainless steel. As observed on the scanning
      electron microscope, the number of bacteria deposited on the surface and the
      production of extracellular material on polypropylene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      ATCC 15442 would explain the observed differences. The applicability of the AOAC
      method or other techniques for the evaluation of the disinfecting capacity on
      different surfaces is discussed.

PMID- 6424919
TI  - Genetics of Aspergillus flavus: linkage of aflatoxin mutants.
AB  - Eight aflatoxin (afl) mutants of Aspergillus flavus were induced with N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Heterozygous diploids formed between afl mutants and
      tester strains revealed that each afl mutant was recessive. Haploids selected
      from these heterozygous diploids indicated the linkage of all eight afl mutants
      to markers on group VII. These include previously mapped arg-7 (arginine), leu
      (leucine), dominant afl-1, and nor which accumulates norsolorinic acid that is
      visible as an orange-red pigment. Diploid complementation tests indicated that
      all but two afl mutants were nonallelic. Diploids homozygous for nor, resulting
      from crossing-over, were isolated and used to map new afl genes.

PMID- 6424920
TI  - Metal binding by the peptidoglycan sacculus of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli K-12 strain AB264 was isolated by treating
      whole cells with sodium dodecyl sulfate and was purified by deoxyribonuclease,
      ribonuclease, and trypsin treatment. Like the peptidoglycan of Bacillus subtilis,
      this peptidoglycan proved able to bind substantial amounts of metallic ions from
      aqueous solution. In particular, most metals of the transition I series were
      bound from solution in amounts greater than or equal to 1 mumol/mg dry weight
      peptidoglycan.

PMID- 6424921
TI  - Preliminary characterization of inhibitors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae produced in
      vitro by Eubacterium limosum.
AB  - Among anaerobic bacteria normally found in the urogenital flora, Eubacterium
      limosum was found to inhibit the in vitro growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The
      antigonococcal activity produced by E. limosum was soluble in methanol and in a
      chloroform--methanol mixture (30:70). The fraction soluble in chloroform-
      methanol (30:70) yielded eight absorbance peaks when chromatographed on Bio-Gel P
      2 and the inhibitory activity was found in the first two peaks. This activity was
      not absorbed on DEAE Sephacel and was eluted with distilled water in a peak
      considered as peak 1, on which preliminary characterization was done. The
      inhibitory activity of peak 1 was found to be heat and pH resistant and not
      susceptible to proteases, lipase, or amylases. When peak 1 was chromatographed on
      cellulose paper using a butanol--acetic acid (4:1) solvent system, eight
      different spots were detected upon spraying the paper with ninhydrin. No spot was
      detected with anthrone, bromothymol, nor Sudan black reagents used for the
      detection of carbohydrates and lipids. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25, peak
      1 appeared either as a diffuse band and as a single peak, respectively. The
      molecular weight of the inhibitory complex was estimated to be 2400. All these
      results suggest that the antigonococcal activity produced by E. limosum is
      composed of more than one low molecular weight amino compound.

PMID- 6424922
TI  - Screening for congenital dislocation of the hip: an economic appraisal.
AB  - The direct costs of screening for congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) are
      compared with the treatment costs resulting from no screening in a cost
      effectiveness analysis in British Columbia. Under certain conditions the costs
      associated with screening and subsequent conservative treatment for 6 to 15
      positive cases of CDH/1000 liveborn infants were considerably lower than the
      costs of either open or closed reduction of the hip for 1.5 infants with CDH per
      1000 infants not screened. When adjustments were made to the assumptions about
      screening costs, rates with which cases were missed and hospital treatment costs,
      only the assumptions thought to be overly unfavourable to screening and overly
      optimistic for no screening brought the costs of no screening within the likely
      range of costs of screening. Some specific and general implications of the cost
      effectiveness of screening for CDH in British Columbia are discussed.

PMID- 6424923
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for total serum IgG4 and specific IgG4
      antibodies.

PMID- 6424924
TI  - Microtiter immunoenzymatic assay (micro-ELISA) for antigen-specific IgG4 subclass
      antibody.

PMID- 6424925
TI  - Nonmedical costs to patients and their families associated with outpatient
      chemotherapy.
AB  - One hundred thirty-nine patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy kept diaries
      of nonmedical expenses resulting from their disease and its treatment. Diaries
      were kept for both treatment and nontreatment weeks. Results showed that the mean
      cost to patients and their families for treatment weeks was $72.81, and for
      nontreatment weeks it was $45.88. Approximately 45% of these costs were out-of
      pocket expenses, and 55% were wages lost. Transportation and food were the
      largest out-of-pocket expenses. Patients living at greater distance from
      treatment had higher out-of-pocket costs, and younger patients reported more
      wages lost. Fourteen percent of the patients were estimated to be spending more
      than 50% of their weekly incomes on nonmedical expenses, and these patients were
      found largely in the lower-income categories. A method is proposed for using
      these data to estimate total nonmedical expenses for different treatment
      regimens, and also for estimating cancer patients' total nonmedical costs
      nationally.

PMID- 6424926
TI  - Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma. Analysis of data on
      1805 patients followed for 5 years.
AB  - The effectiveness of combination chemotherapy with mitomycin-C (MMC) plus
      Futraful (N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil) for gastric cancer was
      investigated in a prospective randomized and controlled study. Two thousand sixty
      four Japanese patients in 297 hospitals were entered, and 1805 could be followed.
      All patients had undergone gastrectomy from May 1975 to July 1976. These patients
      were grouped into two protocols: protocol I (intermittent intravenous injection
      of a moderate dose of MMC), and protocol II (bolus intravenous injection of MMC),
      each of which was allocated to group A (without Futraful) and group B (MMC plus
      oral administration of Futraful for 3 months). Statistically, this randomized
      study showed that the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced cancer was
      not enhanced. However, with protocol II the Futraful administration seemed to
      improve the 5-year survival rate for those with Stage III cancer and for those
      with positive lymph node metastasis plus obvious serosal invasion.

PMID- 6424927
TI  - Extranodal lymphoma terminating in acute leukemia associated with IgD monoclonal
      gammopathy. A case report.
AB  - A case of malignant lymphoma associated with IgD monoclonal gammopathy is
      described. Orbital and testicular tumors were observed, while peripheral
      lymphadenopathy was absent. Neoplastic lymphoid cells appeared in peripheral
      blood, bone marrow, and pleural effusion with progression of the disease.
      Analysis of the serum suggested "unreactive" light chain determinants in
      monoclonal protein. In immunohistochemical studies and in vitro experiments, it
      was confirmed that IgD monoclonal gammopathy was directly related to the
      neoplastic cells. These unusual findings suggest that neoplastic changes such as
      neoplasms of other B-cell systems may occur at various stages in the
      differentiation and maturation of IgD-forming B-cell lineage.

PMID- 6424928
TI  - Extranodal malignant lymphoma arising from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
AB  - Four cases of extranodal malignant lymphoma, one each arising in the stomach,
      salivary gland, lung, and thyroid, are described. These cases have many clinical,
      histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features in common, and it is proposed
      that this is because they share a common pattern of histogenesis from mucosa
      associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Clinical features of MALT-derived lymphomas
      include a tendency to remain localized for prolonged periods, and, thus, to be
      responsive to locally directed therapy. Histologically, this group of tumors is
      characterized by a noninvasive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate within which foci of
      follicle center cells (FCC) can be seen invading epithelial structures, forming
      lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate lesions. Immunohistochemistry reveals monotypic
      cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) in the plasma cells serving to highlight the CIg
      negative lymphoepithelial lesions. The clinical and histopathologic features of
      these lymphomas can be understood in the context of the behavioral
      characteristics and morphology of MALT.

PMID- 6424929
TI  - Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on tyrosinase activity in a human melanoma cell
      line.
AB  - The synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide, was found to increase
      melanogenesis in the human melanoma cell line NEL. Treatment of NEL cells for 24
      hr with triamcinolone acetonide (1 X 10(-7) M) increased the activity of the
      enzyme tyrosinase by 43% and the incorporation of the melanin precursor, L-3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine, by 23%. Additional studies revealed no change in cyclic
      AMP levels over an 18-hr test period. A 2-hr preincubation of NEL cells with
      actinomycin D (10 micrograms/ml) prevented the increase in tyrosinase activity by
      triamcinolone acetonide. When triamcinolone acetonide was added to a synchronized
      population of NEL cells, an increase in tyrosinase activity was observed at 16
      hr, coinciding with the late S phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest
      that glucocorticoids are involved in the regulation of melanogenesis in NEL cells
      by increasing the activity of the rate-controlling enzyme tyrosinase.

PMID- 6424930
TI  - Time dependence of the potentiation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
      cytotoxicity caused by alpha-difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine depletion
      in 9L rat brain tumor cells.
AB  - Treatment of 9L rat brain tumor cells with 1.0 mM alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (DFMO) produced a time-dependent depletion of cellular putrescine and spermidine.
      An increase in the potentiation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)
      cytotoxicity, measured with a colony-forming efficiency assay, followed the time
      course of polyamine depletion, reaching its maximum at 48 hr, the time at which
      maximum polyamine depletion was achieved. Treatment with DFMO at concentrations
      as low as 0.05 mM for 48 hr effectively depleted putrescine and spermidine and
      potentiated BCNU cytotoxicity. Treatment for 96 hr with 0.01 mM DFMO produced a
      partial decrease in putrescine and spermidine levels and a moderate potentiation
      of BCNU cytotoxicity. The amount of polyamine depletion in 9L cells treated with
      0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mM DFMO was identical at both 48 and 96 hr, but potentiation
      of BCNU cytotoxicity was greater at 96 hr than at 48 hr. When 9L cells were
      treated for 48 hr with 1 mM DFMO and DFMO was then removed from the cultures,
      polyamine levels did not reach control levels by 96 hr after change of medium.
      The potentiation of BCNU cytotoxicity during this 96-hr period correlated with
      the extent of polyamine depletion. When 100 microM putrescine was added to the
      culture medium after DFMO pretreatment (1 mM), polyamine levels approached those
      of control cells by 24 hr, and the amount of potentiation of DFMO cytotoxicity
      decreased. These results show that potentiation of BCNU cytotoxicity correlates
      closely with the amount of DFMO-induced polyamine depletion in 9L cells.

PMID- 6424931
TI  - Comparative aflatoxin B1 mutagenesis of Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in
      metabolic and photoactivation systems.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 was mutagenized with photoactivated aflatoxin B1
      (AFB1) and AFB2. Levels of mutagenesis induced by AFB1 correlated with levels of
      in vitro covalent binding of [3H]AFB1 to calf thymus DNA. The same phenomenon was
      observed with AFB2. Photoactivated AFB1 induced lethality in the mutagenized
      cultures, and AFB2 failed to do so. Extraction of nucleic acids from cultures
      mutagenized by photoactivated or metabolically activated [3H]AFB1 revealed that:
      (a) in situ levels of [3H]AFB1 binding to DNA were proportional to induction of
      mutational and lethal events in both cases; (b) mammalian metabolism and
      photoactivation produced AFB1:DNA lesions possessing comparable lethality and
      mutagenicity; and (c) [3H]AFB1 binding levels to bacterial RNA did not correlate
      with mutagenesis and lethality.

PMID- 6424932
TI  - Treatment of implanted peritoneal cancer in rats by continuous hyperthermic
      peritoneal perfusion in combination with an anticancer drug.
AB  - To study the feasibility of combined hyperthermic and anticancer drug treatment
      for peritoneal cancer, we devised a continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion
      system in combination with mitomycin C. The model uses i.p.-transplantable rat
      ascites hepatoma 100B cells. Hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion alone or combined
      with mitomycin C was performed after i.p. inoculation of the tumor cells into
      rats. In rats treated with combined peritoneal perfusion (41.5 degrees) and
      mitomycin C, the mean survival times were significantly prolonged as compared to
      those of rats treated with peritoneal perfusion at 41.5 degrees alone. Our
      results suggest that combined hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion and mitomycin C
      treatment may represent a therapeutic and prophylactic treatment for peritoneal
      metastasis after gastric cancer surgery in humans.

PMID- 6424933
TI  - Arrest of DNA elongation by DNA polymerases at guanine adducts on 4
      hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide-modified DNA template.
AB  - In vitro modification of M13 phage single-stranded DNA with 4
      hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4HAQO) resulted in four kinds of adducts: three
      guanine adducts, QGI, QGII, and QGIII; and one adenine adduct, QA, at ratios of
      16.4 47.3, 13.7, and 22.6, respectively. The carcinogen-modified DNA, initiated
      with a sequence-defined oligodeoxynucleotide primer, was replicated in vitro with
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) and calf thymus DNA
      polymerases alpha and beta. The reaction products were analyzed on a DNA
      sequencing gel. DNA elongation by DNA polymerase I was arrested at putative
      guanine adducts on the template in three ways: at one base prior to guanine; at
      positions opposite to guanine; and at one base beyond guanine. Similar patterns
      of elongation arrest were also obtained with the mammalian DNA polymerases alpha
      and beta. In contrast to guanine adducts, the adenine adduct, QA, might lack the
      capacity to arrest DNA chain elongation by DNA polymerases.

PMID- 6424934
TI  - Metabolic activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by dog bladder and kidney
      prostaglandin H synthase.
AB  - Microsomal enzyme preparations from dog liver, kidney, and bladder were used to
      assess the prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed activation of carcinogenic aromatic
      amines to bind covalently to proteins and nucleic acids. Benzidine, a urinary
      bladder carcinogen, bound to protein of bladder transitional epithelial and renal
      inner and outer medullary microsomes and was dependent upon addition of
      arachidonic acid, but not upon reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate. Bladder transitional epithelial microsomes also activated o
      dianisidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, and 2-naphthylamine to bind to protein and transfer
      RNA and benzidine and O-dianisidine to bind DNA. Cosubstrate and inhibitor
      specificities were consistent with activation by prostaglandin H synthase.
      Binding of benzidine to protein was not observed with either hepatic or renal
      cortical microsomes upon addition of arachidonic acid or reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Prostaglandin H synthase and mixed-function
      oxidase-catalyzed bindings of 2-naphthylamine to protein and to transfer RNA were
      compared using liver and bladder microsomes. Only mixed-function oxidase
      catalyzed binding was observed in liver, and only prostaglandin H synthase
      catalyzed binding was observed in bladder. The rate of binding catalyzed by
      bladder microsomes was considerably greater than that catalyzed by hepatic
      microsomes. In addition, the bladder content of prostaglandin H synthase activity
      was approximately 10 times that of kidney inner medullary, a tissue reported to
      have a relatively high content of this enzyme in other species. These results are
      consistent with involvement of bladder transitional epithelial prostaglandin H
      synthase in the genesis of primary aromatic amine-induced bladder cancer.

PMID- 6424935
TI  - Isolation of urinary trypsin inhibitor-like inhibitor from human lung cancer
      tissue.
AB  - In the present study, a trypsin inhibitor was first extracted from lung cancer
      tissue and purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      A final yield of 20 to 60 micrograms of inhibitor with a specific activity of
      2040 units/mg of protein was obtained from 1 g of original lung cancer tissue.
      This inhibitor inhibited trypsin strongly, plasma kallikrein weakly, and plasmin
      more weakly, and its molecular weight was approximately 43,000 to 45,000 as
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its
      antigenicity was confirmed to be quite the same as that of human urinary trypsin
      inhibitor by double immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and neutralization
      with anti-urinary trypsin inhibitor rabbit immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6424936
TI  - Effects of human immune interferon on cell viability, (2',5')oligoadenylate
      synthesis, and polyamine-dependent protein phosphorylation in human colon
      carcinoma cells in vitro.
AB  - The growth-inhibitory effect of human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) was
      investigated in human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29. Three-day treatment of HT
      29 cells with IFN-gamma (10 to 200 units/ml) resulted in 30 to 90% growth
      inhibition and 40 to 99% reduction in colony formation. Measurement of DNA, RNA,
      and protein synthesis following IFN-gamma treatment showed a dose-dependent
      reduction in all 3 parameters. The associated changes in (2',5')oligoadenylate
      [(2',5')oligo(A)] pathway were measured under growth-inhibitory conditions. Upon
      1-day exposure to 25 to 200 units/ml of IFN-gamma, (2',5')oligo(A) synthetase
      activity was induced 10- to 15-fold and remained elevated for 3 days, whereas
      (2',5')oligo(A) phosphodiesterase activity remained unchanged. There was no
      detectable increase in intracellular (2',5')oligo(A) levels after IFN-gamma
      treatment, and ribosomal RNA degradation was not observed. Accompanying 1-day
      treatment with IFN-gamma (100 units/ml) was an induction of a polyamine-dependent
      protein kinase, which was double-stranded RNA-independent and phosphorylated
      endogenous polypeptides with molecular weights of 68,000 and 72,000. A similar
      exposure of cells to IFN-gamma (25 to 100 units/ml) resulted in 30 to 70%
      inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity; however, no significant
      alteration in intracellular polyamine levels was observed. These data suggest
      that IFN-gamma-dependent toxicity is not related to (2',5')oligo(A) activation of
      a latent endoribonuclease but is accompanied by protein phosphorylation, which
      is, in part, stimulated by exogenous polyamines.

PMID- 6424937
TI  - Treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma with 5-FU, mitomycin, vincristine,
      and methotrexate.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with advanced metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated
      every 4-5 weeks with a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of 5-FU (300 mg/m2 iv
      on Days 1-5), mitomycin (10 mg/m2 iv on Day 1 only [repeated every other
      course]), vincristine (0.75 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 5), and methotrexate (8.0 mg/m2
      iv on Days 1 and 5). The overall response rate was 43.4%, with three patients
      (5.7%) achieving complete response (mean duration, 13.3 months) and 20 patients
      (37.7%) achieving partial response (mean duration, 6.3 months). Stable disease
      was not considered to be a response category in this report. The mean overall
      response duration was 7.8 months. The observed mean survival duration in
      responders was 15.2 months and in nonresponders was 8.9 months (P less than or
      equal to 0.01). Hematologic and subjective toxic effects are discussed.

PMID- 6424938
TI  - Purification of a beta-D-galactosidase from bovine liver by affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - A beta-D-galactosidase from bovine liver was purified to apparent homogeneity.
      The major purification step was affinity chromatography on a column of D
      galactose attached to a Sepharose support activated with divinyl sulfone.
      Affinity media prepared by binding ligands to Sepharose activated with cyanogen
      bromide were unsuitable for purification of the enzyme, even though such media
      have been used to purify beta-D-galactosidases from other sources. The molecular
      weight of the denatured enzyme was 67,000. The molecular weight of the native
      enzyme at pH 7.0 was 68,000, and at pH 4.5 or 5.0, was 141,000. These data
      suggest that the enzyme has a single, fundamental subunit with a molecular weight
      of 67,000, and that the enzyme exists as a monomer at pH 7.0, and a dimer at pH
      4.5 or 5.0. The Vmax values of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside,
      p-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucoside, lactose, and beta-Gal-(1----4)-beta-GlcNAc-1----
      OC6H4NO2 -p were 10,204, 11,550, 9,479, and 8,859 nmol/min/mg of protein,
      respectively, and the Km values for these substrates were 0.08, 14.9, 14.2, and
      1.6mM, respectively. D-Galactose, beta-D- galactosylamine , p-aminophenyl 1-thio
      beta-D-galactoside, and D- galactono -1,4-lactone were competitive inhibitors of
      the enzyme, with Ki values of 0.9, 0.6, 0.6, and 0.8mM, respectively. The enzyme
      catalyzed the transfer of the D-galactosyl group from p-nitrophenyl beta-D
      galactoside to D-glucose. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 4.5, and the pI was
      4.7.

PMID- 6424939
TI  - Thyroglobulin levels to follow-up patients with treated differentiated thyroid
      carcinoma.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin (hTg) measurements by commercial radioimmunoassay were
      performed in the follow-up of 118 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
      undergoing I-131 local and whole-body scans following surgery and I-131 therapy.
      Patients with positive anti-hTg antibodies (23% of cases) were excluded. In all
      remaining I-131 accumulating residual, recurrent, or metastatic tumors, hTg
      levels were elevated (greater than 6.25 ng/ml, minimum detectable value). Twelve
      patients with neither recurrence nor metastases had elevated hTg levels.
      Sensitivity and specificity depended on the threshold used for elevate d hTg
      levels. At an hTg-threshold of 6.25 ng/ml sensitivity has 100%, specificity has
      82%. As hTg levels were reported to depend on endogenous TSH stimulation, it is
      not yet advisable to replace I-131 scans totally by hTg determination. After
      having determined an hTg "baseline" below detectable values (less than 6.25
      ng/ml), we reduced the number of I-131 scans by half. However, elevated hTg
      levels were an indication for an I-131 scan. Therefore, on the basis of 23% of
      our patients who had anti-hTg antibodies the need exists to develop a commercial
      assay which is independent from antibodies.

PMID- 6424940
TI  - Chemical chelation reactions in fresh water snails, intermediate hosts for
      schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6424941
TI  - Subcellular localization of gonadotropic hormones in pituitary cells of the
      castrated pig with the use of pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods.
AB  - Pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods based on the use of specific
      antibodies against beta-subunits of porcine LH and FSH were applied to determine
      the changes occurring in the anterior pituitary of the pig after gonadectomy. The
      results showed that (1) the total number of immunoreactive gonadotropes increased
      from 21-25% in control animals to 24-37% in castrated animals; (2) all
      gonadotropes contained both LH and FSH; (3) several types of immunoreactive
      LH/FSH cells were revealed; and (4) the two immunocytochemical methods used with
      dispersed cells localized the hormones in the same subcellular sites. However,
      the staining intensity in the different locations varied depending on the method
      applied. With the post-embedding method, a dense reaction product was found in
      the secretory granules but the cisternae of RER and the Golgi saccules were
      always slightly reactive. After the pre-embedding method, the staining intensity
      in the RER-cisternae and in the Golgi saccules was greatly increased. Thus, the
      two methodological approaches used in this study have permitted to visualize
      immunocytochemically the gonadotropic hormones not only at the sites of their
      storage but also along the intracellular pathway of the secretory material, i.e.,
      at the site of its synthesis and during its passage via the Golgi zone.

PMID- 6424942
TI  - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors produced by mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - Monocytes were separated from human peripheral blood and allowed to attach to
      culture flasks, after which the content and production of a number of cysteine
      proteinase inhibitors was assayed. These were: a low molecular weight (MW 12000)
      acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor (ACPI); a low-molecular weight inhibitor of
      the same size with neutral pH (NCPI), and alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor
      with a molecular weight around 90 000 (alpha-CPI). Only NCPI was detectable in
      the cultures at the beginning of the incubation, and it was synthesized and
      released into the incubation mixture during the incubation, especially if the
      cells were stimulated with silica. The amount of NCPI contained in and released
      from the cells was drastically decreased by puromycin. Immunoblots after cell
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel revealed only one molecular form of NCPI
      with a molecular weight of 12 000 both in the cells and in the culture medium. No
      ACPI or alpha-CPI could be detected.

PMID- 6424943
TI  - Effects of ionophore A23187 and Ba++ ions on labelling of phospholipids in rat
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - Ionophore A23187, either in the presence or absence of added Ca2+ or Mg2+, caused
      a marked accumulation of [32P]-phosphatidic acid in pancreatic islets pre
      labelled with 32 Pi. A similar effect was observed following the addition of 4 mM
      Ba2+ ions in the absence of added Ca2+. Neither agent caused a significant
      modification of labelling in other lipid fractions, although there was a
      persistent trend towards reduced labelling of phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine. Ionophore A23187 also potentiated the incorporation of
      3H-glycerol into phosphatidic acid and reduced the incorporation of this
      precursor into phosphatidylcholine. In islets pre-labelled with 3H-glycerol and
      subsequently exposed to A23187 or Ba2+, no significant changes were observed in
      label associated with either phospholipids or neutral glycerolipids. These
      results suggest that ionophore A23187 and Ba2+ ions can divert the synthesis of
      phospholipids resulting in increased formation of phosphatidic acid at the
      expense of non-acidic phospholipids, principally phosphatidylcholine. We
      tentatively suggest that this effect may be the result of inhibition by Ca2+ of
      the breakdown of phosphatidic acid to diglyceride, an enzymic step which may
      regulate the relative amounts of acidic and neutral phospholipids.

PMID- 6424944
TI  - Prevention of febrile convulsions with sodium valproate.

PMID- 6424945
TI  - Tomographic determination of cerebral blood flow during attacks of cluster
      headache.
AB  - A rapidly rotating single-photon emission tomograph was used to study regional
      cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by 133-Xenon inhalation in 18 patients with cluster
      headache. Measurements were performed in all patients in the resting state. The
      patients were given alcohol and/or nitroglycerin to provoke an attack of cluster
      headache. In eight patients it was possible to obtain satisfactory measurements
      during their cluster headache attack. All patients had a normal resting CBF with
      a normal age regression. During the headache phase, no significant changes of
      mean CBF from baseline occurred. There were no focal changes in the individual
      patient, but the mean rCBF in all eight patients showed significantly increased
      rCBF in the central, basal region and a small part of the right parietotemporal
      region. These changes we interpret as pain activation. It may be concluded that
      changes in rCBF are not likely to play a pathophysiological role in the
      development of cluster headache attacks.

PMID- 6424946
TI  - Nitroglycerin-induced coronary vasoconstriction.
AB  - Nitroglycerin is routinely used during coronary angiography for its vasodilating
      effects. An unusual case is described in which nitroglycerin induced severe
      coronary artery spasm. Interpretation of coronary angiograms after nitroglycerin
      should be made with caution.

PMID- 6424947
TI  - Activation of mouse lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin. IV. Stimulation with
      soluble heterologous anti-delta antibodies.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells were stimulated to proliferate in vitro by soluble affinity
      purified heterologous antibodies to mouse delta. Antibodies from goat or rabbit
      antisera to TEPC 1017, a mouse IgD myeloma protein, were purified on an affinity
      column of TEPC 1033, a second mouse IgD myeloma protein. Maximum uptake of
      [3H]thymidine in the range of 60,000 cpm was obtained after 48 hr of culture with
      anti-delta at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml. In contrast, the hybridoma 10
      4.22 anti-delta was nonmitogenic at similar concentrations. The proliferative
      response was not impaired upon removal of T cells by treatment with an anti
      thymocyte serum (ATS), nor by removal of adherent cells by passage of spleen
      cells over Sephadex G-10 columns and counter-flow centrifugation. Splenic
      lymphocytes isolated on the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) with
      intermediate-to-high amounts of surface IgD (sIgD) were responsive to soluble
      anti-delta, while IgD-negative cells, or cells with low amounts of sIgD, were
      unresponsive. Spleen cells from mice less than 4 weeks of age, or from mice
      carrying the X-linked B cell defect (xid), were unresponsive to anti-delta. These
      results indicate that anti-delta acts similarly to anti-mu in stimulating a
      proliferative response by later maturing B cells, which are characterized by a
      high density of sIgD.

PMID- 6424948
TI  - Lymphokine-mediated activation of human monocytes: neutralization by monoclonal
      antibody to interferon-gamma.
AB  - Purified natural and recombinant human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) were found
      to activate human monocytes from peripheral blood to exert enhanced cytotoxicity
      against human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. A marked monocyte activation was
      observed at low concentrations (1 and 10 U/ml) of IFN-gamma. Marked monocyte
      activation was also obtained with two lymphokine preparations, produced in
      peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBM) cultures induced with phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA) or by combined stimulation with PHA and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate (TPA). The component responsible for macrophage activation in such
      lymphokine preparations in the past was considered to be "macrophage-activating
      factor" (MAF). When monoclonal antibody specifically neutralizing IFN-gamma was
      added to these lymphokine preparations, all MAF activity disappeared, indicating
      that IFN-gamma is the sole protein showing MAF activity in these preparations.

PMID- 6424949
TI  - Strain variation in interferon gamma production of BCG-sensitized mice challenged
      with PPD II. Importance of one major autosomal locus and additional sexual
      influences.
AB  - Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in BCG-sensitized mice challenged with
      PPD was examined in the sera from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice produce
      about ten times more IFN-gamma than BALB/c mice. Studies on F1, F2, and backcross
      generations indicate that one partially dominant autosomal locus is involved.
      Furthermore, females consistently produce more IFN-gamma than males in all of
      these crosses, though the X chromosome cannot be held responsible for this.

PMID- 6424950
TI  - Human thymus-independent antibody response in vitro: III. Precursor frequencies
      and fine specificity of human B cells stimulated by TNP-Ba in the presence and
      absence of Con A.
AB  - Previously, we reported that human B lymphocytes can be stimulated by
      trinitrophenylated Brucella abortus (TNP-Ba) in vitro to generate T-independent
      (TI) hapten specific plaque-forming cells (PFC). Furthermore we showed that
      addition of Con A on Day 3 of culture enhanced the anti-TNP response. In this
      report the characteristics of the anti-TNP PFC responses elicited by TNP-Ba in
      the presence or absence of Con A were further defined by estimating precursor
      frequencies and clone sizes, and by assessing the diversity of the anti-TNP-PFC
      response using hapten inhibition profiles. Addition of Con A to TNP-Ba-stimulated
      cultures was associated with a 2.3- to 3.6-fold increase in anti-TNP precursors
      and was also accompanied by a more vigorous clonal expansion. Fine specificity
      analysis of anti-TNP PFC revealed that Con A addition resulted in PFC with unique
      hapten inhibition profiles in that they were less inhibitable by TNP-EACA, TNP
      lysine, and DNP-lysine but more inhibitable by DNP-glycine when compared to PFC
      generated by TNP-Ba alone. These findings suggest that at least some of the
      additional precursors recruited in the presence of Con A are qualitatively
      distinct from those activated by TNP-Ba alone since they express different V
      region gene products.

PMID- 6424951
TI  - The production of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) in vivo in sheep.
AB  - Lymph and supernatants derived from efferent lymphocytes leaving the popliteal
      lymph nodes of sheep responding to human red cells or dinitrophenylated bovine
      serum albumin were examined for the presence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF).
      Efferent cells from normal sheep, but not from antigen-stimulated sheep, were
      found to release low levels of TCGF when incubated in medium for 12 hr in the
      absence of any exogenous stimulus. High levels of TCGF were found in normal lymph
      and also in immune lymph collected from sheep during the first 6 hr of immune
      responses. There were no detectable levels of TCGF in lymph collected later in
      the response. The lymphokine appeared to be a single molecular species of 10,000
      20,000 molecular weight as assessed by exclusion chromatography. Efferent cells
      expressing receptors for TCGF were found in efferent lymph during the first 12 hr
      of the response. The results demonstrate for the first time that TCGF is produced
      in vivo and that asynchrony exists between TCGF production and expression of
      receptors for TCGF on efferent cells released by the stimulated node. Based on
      the known kinetics of previously reported synergistic factors, mitogenic factors,
      and T-cell-replacing factors in sheep efferent lymph and their physical
      characteristics it was concluded that the TCGF detected in lymph is distinct from
      these factors.

PMID- 6424952
TI  - Effect of concanavalin A treatment on the allogeneic response of mice to
      challenge with P 815 mastocytoma: interleukin 2 treatment reverses concanavalin A
      suppression in vivo.
AB  - Mice injected repeatedly with concanavalin A (Con A) prior to and following
      challenge with P 815 mastocytoma are suppressed in their cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity responses. Earlier studies showed that pretreatment of the animals
      with silica to affect macrophage (M phi) functions reversed the Con A
      suppression. In the present paper we have shown that peritoneal exudate cells
      (PEC) induced/activated by ip injection of Con A were able to transfer
      suppression to normal mice. Separation of the PEC populations into adherent and
      nonadherent cells abrogated their capacity to transfer suppression. It was
      further shown that Con A is not functioning in this in vivo system to block
      effector activity of cytotoxic cells on target cells, and PEC induced with Con A
      were not directly cytotoxic to target P 815 cells. Finally, we were able to show
      that the cytotoxicity response of Con A-suppressed mice could be enhanced by
      treatment with concentrated culture supernatants of normal mouse spleen cells,
      rich in interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity. Attempts to detect a recently described
      mouse serum inhibitor of IL 2 in normal or Con A-treated mice were unsuccessful
      and spleen cells from Con A-treated mice lost their capacity to generate IL 2 in
      vitro when cultured under appropriate conditions. Taken together, these results
      suggest that suppression of cell-mediated immune responses in Con A-treated mice
      results from interruption of the normal generation of IL 2 helper effects
      necessary for the activation of cytotoxic effector T cells in vivo.

PMID- 6424953
TI  - Restoration of allograft responsiveness in B rats. IV. The divergent migratory
      behavior of lymphocyte populations mediating cardiac allograft rejection.
AB  - The T lymphocyte-deprived (B) rat, produced by X-radiation and bone marrow
      reconstitution of adolescent thymectomized animals, exhibits a true immunological
      deficit and are unable to reject histoincompatible heterotopic cardiac
      allografts. A comprehensive survey of lymphocyte traffic in B recipients was
      performed to correlate the differential potency of specifically sensitized
      lymphocyte populations mediating re-establishment of immune responsiveness toward
      the graft, with their migratory and recirculatory behavior. 111In-oxine-labeled
      thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were retained in the peripheral blood and
      migrated from nonlymphoid organs to lymph nodes of B recipients in higher
      proportion than any other lymphoid population, particularly splenic lymphocytes
      (SL). Although all cell groups but TDL were sequestered in the spleen in equal
      and relatively large numbers, no differences were found between the lymphocyte
      populations tested in their capacity to accumulate in the grafts. In contrast, an
      increased avidity in the allograft of 125IUdR-labeled TDL and lymph node (LNL)
      lymphoblasts, as compared to 125IUdR-labeled SL, resembles closely the results of
      functional studies of the differential potency of adoptively transferred cells.
      We assume that specific cellular interactions induced by the accumulated 125IUdR
      labeled cells invoke nonspecific mechanisms for the recruitment of other
      uncommitted 111In-labeled lymphocytes which recirculate between blood and lymph
      and localize indiscriminately in the allograft amplifying its rejection. The
      latter lymphocytes can be "armed" by adherent cells residing in the lymphoid
      organs of graft recipients, particularly spleen, and subsequently increase the
      penetration of the foreign tissue. When radiolabeled lymphocytes were traced in B
      recipients experiencing rejection of their allografts following transfer of
      sensitized cells plus lymphokine, their migration patterns as well as blastogenic
      response in B hosts were similar to those observed during acute rejection of
      cardiac allografts in unmodified hosts. Thus the similarities between the
      rejection network brought by alloimmune cells into otherwise unresponsive animals
      and immunocompetent animals able to reject their grafts are stressed.

PMID- 6424954
TI  - Strain-differences and inducibility of microsomal oxidative enzymes in Drosophila
      melanogaster flies.
AB  - Some basic characteristics of the enzyme system involved in the oxidative
      metabolism of xenobiotic compounds were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster
      flies. Attention was focussed on (1) the normal levels of these enzymes and their
      activities in whole flies, in different parts of the fly's body and in different
      sexes, (2) the changes in levels and activities of the enzymes elicited by
      pretreatment of the flies with known enzyme inducers and (3) differences between
      strains. Four commonly used wild-type (WT) strains, three insecticide resistant
      strains (IR) and one white-eyed mutant strain were employed. Except in those
      experiments on sex differences and in spatial distribution in the fly's body of
      the enzymatic activities, microsomes were isolated from whole-body homogenates of
      mixtures of female and male flies. Microsomal cytochrome P-450, benzo[a]pyrene
      (BP) hydroxylation, p-nitroanisole (pNA) demethylation and aminopyrine (AP)
      demethylation were measured in control flies and in flies pretreated with Aroclor
      1254 (AC), phenobarbital (PB) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In flies of the
      WT strain Berlin-K, there were no significant differences in BP hydroxylation
      activity and its inducibility between the two sexes. In males, inducibility of BP
      hydroxylation activity was similar in the head, thorax and abdomen, but
      significantly lower in testis. Considerable differences in some enzyme activities
      were found between the strains. pNA demethylation and AP demethylation were
      substantially higher in all IR strains, while no correlation could be found
      between their increased insecticide resistance and BP hydroxylating capacity or
      cytochrome P-450 content of the microsomes. Response to enzyme inducing compounds
      was found to be strain-dependent. PB proved to be a more efficient inducer of BP
      hydroxylation than AC, which does induce pNA demethylation. BHT has inducing
      properties that are intermediate between PB and AC. IR strain Hikone-R turned out
      to be an exception, possessing very low BP hydroxylating capacity and a low
      degree of inducibility of mixed-function oxidase activities. Differential
      temperature dependence was found for BP hydroxylation as compared with pNA
      demethylation. While BP hydroxylation was doubled when raising the temperature
      from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C, pNA demethylation was reduced by 50%.

PMID- 6424955
TI  - Effect of polyvinyl phosphonates and ethane hydroxy diphosphonate on
      mineralization of ectopic bone.
AB  - The effects of polymeric polyphosphonate and of ethane hydroxydiphosphonate on
      the development of ectopic bone were compared at different stages of bone
      development. The diphosphonate affected bone development at different stages, as
      reflected by alkaline phosphatase and aryl sulphatase activities, as well as by
      the creation of calcium ions by bone and on its readiness to undergo isotopic
      exchange. The polymeric polyphosphonate (mol. wt., 3500-8000), on the other hand,
      did not exhibit any of these effects, although it did inhibit the activity of the
      enzymes in vitro to an extent comparable with that of the diphosphonate. The
      results corroborate the assumption that the effects of polymeric polyphosphonates
      on hard tissues are confined to the extracellular space while the effects of
      diphosphonates on bone development are due to intracellular activity and not to
      sequestering of extracellular calcium.

PMID- 6424956
TI  - Synthesis of dinitrophenyl derivatives of 3-O-fatty acyl esters of serine and
      threonine.
AB  - The synthesis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives of the 3-O-oleoyl and 3-O
      palmitoyl esters of serine and threonine are described. The derivatives were
      purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized by 1H
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These derivatives may be useful
      for researchers interested in characterizing covalently bound fatty acids on
      serine and threonine hydroxyl groups of cellular proteins.

PMID- 6424957
TI  - Current concepts concerning man's resistance to infection with malaria.

PMID- 6424958
TI  - Etiological spectrum of viral hepatitis and prevalence of markers of hepatitis A
      and B virus infection in north India.
AB  - The etiological spectrum of viral hepatitis and the prevalence of serological
      markers of hepatitis A and B virus infection in healthy persons in north India
      were studied. Hepatitis A virus was found to be the most common cause of acute
      hepatitis in children (67%). It was a less frequent cause of this disease in
      adults (14%). Hepatitis A virus was only rarely the cause of acute (12%) and
      subacute (4%) liver failure. It was recorded as the etiological agent in an
      epidemic among schoolchildren. Exposure to hepatitis A virus occurs in early
      childhood, and by the age of 10 years, 90% of healthy persons have serological
      evidence of hepatitis A virus infection.Hepatitis non-A non-B virus was the cause
      of acute hepatitis in 44% of adults and 24% of children with this disease. This
      virus was also the most important etiological agent in acute liver failure (55%)
      and subacute hepatic failure (51%). It was the cause of all the hepatitis
      epidemics in the general population.Only 9% of hepatitis cases in children were
      due to hepatitis B virus whereas 42% of cases in adults were attributable to this
      virus. Hepatitis B virus was the causative agent in 33% of cases of acute hepatic
      failure and 45% of cases of subacute hepatic failure. The carrier rate for
      hepatitis B virus was 5% and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was found in
      up to 38% of specific population groups.

PMID- 6424960
TI  - Carboxypeptidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of C-terminal lysine: mechanism for in vivo
      production of multiple forms of creatine kinase in plasma.
AB  - Human myocardial creatine kinase isoenzyme MM is present as a single form in
      tissue, but upon its release into plasma two additional forms, with faster anodal
      migration, are apparent on polyacrylamide electrophoresis. We designate the three
      forms as MM3, MM2, and MM1 in increasing order of anodal mobility. When tissue
      creatine kinase isoenzyme MM (MM3) is incubated with either carboxypeptidase N or
      carboxypeptidase B it is converted into the two additional forms, MM2 and MM1.
      The carboxy terminal amino acid of human, canine, and rabbit tissue MM3 was
      determined to be lysine, a specific substrate for carboxypeptidases N and B.
      Evidently the mechanism for the production of multiple forms of creatine MM in
      human plasma is the hydrolysis of a positively charged C-terminal lysine residue
      from one M subunit (MM2), followed by hydrolysis of the C-terminal lysine from
      the other subunit (MM1).

PMID- 6424959
TI  - The mucosal immune system in health and disease, with an emphasis on parasitic
      infection.
AB  - This article briefly describes the network of immunity involving selected humoral
      and cellular elements shared between mucosal surfaces that are both exposed to
      and remote from antigen challenge. The mechanisms promoting the production,
      concentration, and secretion of specific antibody isotypes, as well as the
      migration and localization of various lymphoid cell populations, have been
      discussed with regard to host mucosal protection against pathogenic agents and
      other potentially harmful macromolecules.Although certain aspects of the mucosal
      immune system may be viewed as separate from the systemic immune system, they are
      not exclusively so. We have drawn attention to their interactions with systemic
      immune reactants and other, nonimmunological, cellular and humoral constituents
      of mucosal surfaces and tissues such as the liver. At another level of
      interaction we have considered the teleological translation of host defence and
      immunoregulation from one generation to the next through the medium of colostrum
      and breast milk.The manipulation of the mucosal immune system in order to enhance
      host resistance, modulate autoimmune and allergic systemic reactivity, or even
      modify fertility holds great promise. Achievement of these goals depends on
      gaining further insight into the mechanisms that contribute to mucosal immunity
      and their interactions with the systemic immune system. Much of our current
      knowledge is based upon experimental animal models or human populations living in
      relative prosperity. However, the results of oral vaccination, for example, are
      known to differ considerably in populations that suffer from parasitic
      infestations, lack adequate nutrition, and are very old or very young. We have
      chosen to focus attention on these groups because they constitute a large
      proportion of the world's population and because mucosal infections are a common
      cause of illness and death among them.Lastly, the recent discovery that immune
      deficiencies due to insufficient dietary zinc may extend to subsequent
      generations of optimally nourished offspring calls for a re-evaluation of
      immunization protocols in malnourished populations, and of our current
      understanding of disease inheritance and susceptibility.

PMID- 6424961
TI  - Interrelationships among body mass, thyrotropin, thyroid hormones, and thyroid
      hormone binding proteins in healthy 70-year-old men.
AB  - In a previous study of a representative population of 460 men of age 70, we found
      that the free thyroxin (free T4) concentration was negatively correlated to body
      mass. In the present study we analyzed other indicators of thyroid function in
      relation to body mass and body mass index in 181 individuals without any disease
      or medication influencing thyroidal homeostasis or body mass. There was a
      significant negative relationship between body mass and body mass index and free
      T4, total T4, and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3). Thus, individuals with high
      body mass normally had lower circulating concentrations of these hormones than
      lean individuals, whereas there was no such relationship for thyrotropin or
      3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid-hormone binding proteins (thyroxin
      binding globulin, prealbumin, and albumin) did not correlate with body mass or
      body mass index. As expected, thyroxin-binding globulin correlated with T4, T3,
      and rT3, but not with free T4 or thyrotropin. Concentrations of serum albumin
      correlated with T3 and rT3 concentrations but not with free T4, T4, or
      thyrotropin concentrations. Thyrotropin concentrations correlated negatively with
      free T4, T4, and rT3, but not with T3, indicating that circulating T4 plays the
      dominant role in feedback regulation of thyrotropin in healthy individuals.

PMID- 6424962
TI  - Quantification of pepsin A activity in canine and rat gastric juice with the
      chromogenic substrate azocoll.
AB  - The activity concentration of pepsin may be quantified by using azocoll as a
      chromogenic substrate. The measured enzyme activity is constant between pH 1.2
      and 3.4 and is proportional (r = 0.61) to the activity measured with hemoglobin
      as substrate. The activity of purified porcine pepsin is inhibited by pepstatin A
      with an apparent Ki of 115 nmol/L. The azocoll method is useful for measuring
      changes in pepsin secretion in response to pharmacological agents. For example,
      pepsin activity of canine gastric juice is decreased by 80% after in vivo
      administration of 0.5 mg of the synthetic trimethyl prostanoid Ro 22-6923 per
      kilogram of body weight. The method is sufficiently sensitive to measure the
      pepsin activity in 0.2 microL of canine gastric juice with a CV of approximately
      10%, is simpler than the hemoglobin-substrate methods, and the substrate is
      commercially available.

PMID- 6424963
TI  - Use and significance of reference serum as a secondary standard for
      electroimmunoassay of apolipoprotein A-I.
AB  - This study was designed to show the effect of different primary standards and
      antisera on the variability of concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in
      plasma and to document the usefulness of reference sera as a secondary standard
      in the electroimmunoassay of this apolipoprotein. We compared the reactivities of
      two separate ApoA-I samples and a preparation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL3)
      with seven different antisera to ApoA-I. The antisera reacted differently with
      each of the three standards, as shown by the different slopes of their standard
      curves. The resulting inconsistencies in the ApoA-I values for unknown plasma
      samples were shown to be corrected by the use of a reference serum. When ApoA-I
      analyses were carried out with the reference serum as a standard, all seven
      antisera gave statistically indistinguishable results for concentrations of
      plasma ApoA-I. The use of reference sera thus represents the simplest and most
      convenient means of standardizing the electroimmunoassay for ApoA-I.

PMID- 6424964
TI  - Discrepancies between serum free triiodothyronine and free thyroxin as measured
      by equilibrium dialysis and analog radioimmunoassay in nonthyroidal illnesses.
AB  - We determined free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) in serum of
      patients with various nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI), by both commercial analog
      type radioimmunoassays (A) and new equilibrium dialysis procedures (D). The mean
      FT3 was significantly lower in NTI by both techniques, but the decreases were of
      different magnitudes. The FT3(D):FT3(A) ratio was 1.96, vs 1.11 for healthy
      controls. In NTI the mean FT4(D) was somewhat increased, whereas the mean FT4(A)
      was much lower than normal, the above ratio being 1.70, vs 0.92 for controls. We
      ascribe these discrepancies, at least in part, to binding of radiolabeled T3- and
      T4-analog tracers to serum albumin.

PMID- 6424965
TI  - Six approaches to routine quantification of human monoclonal immunoglobulin M
      compared.
AB  - Six routine techniques for the determination of monoclonal IgM are compared:
      standard electrophoresis, the Technicon AIP system, Hyland laser nephelometry,
      Beckman Immunochemistry System, Behring laser nephelometry, and radial
      immunodiffusion. The data are evaluated by use of a nonparametric statistical
      analysis of variance by ranks (Friedman test) and Wilcoxon's test. The 27 sera
      containing monoclonal IgM that we studied yielded different results by the
      various techniques. Sera from a "reference" population of 15 subjects having
      above-normal polyclonal IgM yielded identical results for all techniques. These
      statistical findings agree with the biophysical mechanisms involved in the
      various ways of quantifying IgM. We conclude that these different systems are
      equivalent for estimating polyclonal IgM, but cannot (and should not) yield
      identical values when used in monoclonal IgM evaluations. Results for monoclonal
      IgM must be interpreted in terms of the molecular forms and immunological
      specificities of the assayed IgM.

PMID- 6424966
TI  - Estimation of free thyroxin with a new thyroxin analog and a porous-glass solid
      phase.
AB  - We evaluated a new thyroxin analog-based assay for free thyroxin (FT4) (Corning
      Medical), finding it technically simple and precise (between-assay CVs of 3.3 and
      4.2% for FT4 concentrations of 12 and 25 ng/L, respectively). We measured FT4 in
      a total of 325 serum samples from euthyroid patients; patients receiving
      replacement thyroxin; patients receiving estrogens or who were pregnant;
      hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, and non- thyroidally ill patients; and patients
      receiving salicylates, phenytoin, or heparin. This assay clearly identified hyper
      and hypothyroid patients, and produced similar results in euthyroid patients
      with above-normal, normal, or low concentration of thyroxin-binding globulin.
      Results in some non-thyroid-illness patients and patients receiving salicylates
      or phenytoin were low compared with euthyroid patients receiving no medications,
      but the diagnostic accuracy of the Corning FT4 assay exceeded that of another
      analog-based assay (Amersham) in these particular groups. We believe the new
      Corning analog FT4 assay offers an attractive alternative to other commercial FT4
      systems.

PMID- 6424967
TI  - Performance characteristics of a commercial kit for assay of factor viii-related
      antigen.

PMID- 6424968
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of DOPA, DOPAC, and catecholamines in plasma by liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 6424969
TI  - Repetitive debulking surgery as adjuvant to chemotherapy in advanced epithelial
      ovarian cancer.
AB  - The Authors refer their own experience on a planned prospective study of
      integrated chemosurgical treatment in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
      Repetitive surgery interspersed with non cross resistant schedules of
      chemotherapy can achieve more than 60% of complete responses with an expected
      five years survival rate dependent on the residual disease after primary and
      especially second operation. In particular residual neoplasia larger than five
      centimeters after the first laparotomy or larger than two centimeters left behind
      at second laparotomy constitutes the worst prognostic index.

PMID- 6424970
TI  - Testosterone, 17 Ks, 17 beta E2 FSH-LH variations and hirsutism modifications
      during spironolactone therapy.
AB  - The research here reported concerns 9 hirsute women, four of them with PCO and
      five with idiopathic hirsutism, who underwent treatment with spironolactone. 4
      non hirsute hypertensive cases served as control. For one year hair growth,
      testosterone, 17 Ks, estradiol and gonadotropins behaviours were studied in all
      of the patients. Results clearly show that the peripherical response (the hair)
      to the therapy is only just sufficient, and corresponds to a good reduction of
      the androgenic hormones in blood. However, there is also an LH gonadotropin
      secretion reduction which is statistically scarcely significant. If the
      therapeutic response of hair were good, fetal risk could be prevented with safe
      and contemporaneous contraception. However, since the response is scarcely
      sufficient, we do not think this therapy is more advisable than other ones.

PMID- 6424971
TI  - Subclavian vein thrombophlebitis: complication of total parenteral nutrition
      (TPN).

PMID- 6424972
TI  - The effect of dydrogesterone on the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge in regularly
      cycling women.
AB  - The effect of dydrogesterone, a retro-progesterone on the spontaneous mid-cycle
      surge of gonadotrophin in regularly cycling women, was investigated. Blood
      samples were collected through two complete cycles in six subjects. The first
      untreated cycle acted as a control for the second cycle during which
      dydrogesterone (10 mg twice daily) was administered. The start of treatment
      ranged from day 1 (one subject), mid follicular phase (three subjects) to post
      ovulation (two subjects). In all subjects where dydrogesterone was given before
      ovulation, the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge was either abolished or markedly
      diminished. Despite this follicular growth occurred in all four subjects and
      subsequently luteinisation was observed in three. Dydrogesterone given after
      ovulation did not produce any alteration in endocrine profiles but menses was
      postponed in both subjects. Thus dydrogesterone can mimic the known blocking
      actions of progesterone on the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge and can support a
      secretory endometrium for a limited period in the absence of endogenous
      progesterone.

PMID- 6424973
TI  - Pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing and thyrotrophin-releasing
      hormones in epileptic patients receiving carbamazepine or phenytoin.
AB  - Pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing (LHRH) and thyrotrophin
      releasing (TRH) hormones was studied in 19 epileptic patients receiving long-term
      carbamazepine or phenytoin therapy and 14 normal control subjects. Baseline
      prolactin levels were normal in the patients; 2h after LHRH-TRH the prolactin
      levels in women on carbamazepine were significantly higher than in the controls,
      but apart from this, no other differences were found. Baseline LH levels were
      raised in male patients and the response to LHRH-TRH was exaggerated in all
      patients on carbamazepine. FSH levels were normal throughout. The exaggerated LH
      response is consistent with primary hypogonadism caused by enhanced sex hormone
      metabolism, secondary to hepatic enzyme induction by the antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 6424974
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of LH in relation to the resumption of ovarian activity post
      partum.
AB  - Changes in the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion in relation to the resumption of
      ovarian activity post partum have been studied in breast feeding mothers. Basal
      concentrations of LH were significantly lower than normal both when ovarian
      activity was completely suppressed and when there was evidence of some follicular
      development prior to the resumption of menstruation. Once menstruation resumed
      basal concentrations of LH were unchanged whether ovulation occurred or not. No
      difference in the frequency or amplitude of pulses in LH secretion could be found
      at any stage post partum in either breast or bottle feeding women. FSH levels
      remained constant throughout the post partum period while mean concentrations of
      prolactin fell as ovarian activity returned to normal. However, during the period
      of complete suppression of ovarian activity in breast feeding women, two patterns
      of pulsatile secretion of LH were observed. In 76% of observation periods, basal
      levels of LH were lower than normal and were characterized by low frequency and
      low amplitude pulses of LH. In contrast, in the remaining 24% of observation
      periods, basal levels and pulse amplitude and frequency of LH were similar to
      those in the follicular phase of normal menstrual cycles in these women.
      Individual women showed either or both of these patterns of secretion during the
      period of ovarian suppression post partum. The data suggests that the failure to
      maintain ovarian follicular development post partum in breast feeding women may
      be due to: (1) a direct block of LH action at ovarian level, perhaps by the high
      levels of prolactin associated with lactation and/or (2) an inability of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis-as a result of the suckling stimulus and/or prolactin
      to maintain pulsatile secretion of LH in the face of the negative feedback
      effects of the increased oestrogen secretion resulting from the initiation of
      follicular development.

PMID- 6424975
TI  - Pituitary and thyroid insufficiency in thalassaemic haemosiderosis.
AB  - Thyroid and pituitary function tests using hypothalamic releasing factors were
      performed in seven patients with thalassaemia and secondary haemosiderosis and in
      a control group of seven healthy subjects. The TSH level in the thalassaemic
      patients (18.07 +/- 1.10 microU/ml) was higher than in the controls (1.01 +/-
      0.14 microU/ml, P less than 0.001). After TRH administration the TSH values
      increased less than in controls. Serum thyroxine and FT41 values were lower in
      the group of patients with thalassaemia (76.7 +/- 7.8 nmol/l and 19.3 +/- 2.2)
      compared to the controls (116.1 +/- 6.9 nmol/l, P less than 0.005 and 38.6 +/-
      3.6, P less than 0.001). The basal prolactin values did not differ significantly
      between the two groups, but after TRH administration the increment was
      significantly lower in thalassaemics than in controls (P less than 0.005). The
      basal LH values were lower in the thalassaemic patients (1.37 +/- 0.24 ng/ml)
      than in the controls (3.23 +/- 0.50 ng/ml) and did not increase significantly
      after LHRH administration. The FSH values were also lower in the thalassaemic
      group (0.46 +/- 0.15 ng/ml) compared to the controls (2.06 +/- 0.08 ng/ml, P less
      than 0.001), and increased only slightly after LHRH administration. We conclude
      that in thalassaemia pituitary deficiency exists, mostly of gonadotrophs, but
      possibly also for the thyrotrophs and the lactotrophs. Latent primary
      hypothyroidism has also been found in the thalassaemic group. The functional
      abnormalities found in both endocrine glands are best explained as a consequence
      of coexisting haemosiderosis.

PMID- 6424976
TI  - Thyroid function in patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - Thyroid function was evaluated in 20 patients aged 8-30 years who were suffering
      from homozygous beta-thalassaemia. All patients have been receiving frequent
      blood transfusions and treated for the resulting transfusional iron overload with
      intramuscular injections of Desferrioxamine. Total thyroxine (T4), T3-uptake,
      total triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured. In
      addition a standard TRH stimulation test was performed and blood samples were
      checked for the presence of thyroid antibodies. It was found that total T4 was
      significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. Total T3 and rT3 levels
      were similar in both patients and controls and all patients were negative for
      thyroid antibodies. T3 uptake in the patients was also statistically different
      from the controls resulting in significantly lower free thyroxine index (FT1).
      Basal TSH values were not different from the controls but the TSH increase
      following TRH stimulation was significantly higher in the patients suggesting,
      together with the low total T4 and FTI, a state of compensated hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6424977
TI  - Changes in plasma levels of prolactin, in relation to those of FSH, oestradiol,
      androstenedione and progesterone around the preovulatory surge of LH in women.
AB  - Plasma samples were obtained at 8 hourly intervals around the preovulatory surge
      of LH in three groups of women with spontaneously ovulatory menstrual cycles, in
      order to clarify the hormonal events around the time of ovulation. In 21 of 25
      women in whom samples were collected every 8 hours the start of the LH surge
      occurred between midnight and 0800. In 16 of these women the concentration of LH,
      FSH and progesterone was measured every 8 hours around the pre-ovulatory surge of
      LH. A progressive increase in progesterone started with the onset of the LH
      surge, with a transient fall after 32-40 h at a time coincident with that of
      ovulation. In 10 women oestradiol, androstenedione and prolactin were measured 8
      hourly around the pre-ovulatory surge of LH beginning at 0800 h. Prolactin showed
      a sustained increase in levels beginning at the start of and lasting for the
      duration of the pre-ovulatory LH surge; oestradiol levels did not rise around
      this time, and declined by 24 h after the onset of the LH surge. These results
      suggest that (1) the pre-ovulatory LH surge begins between midnight and 0800 h in
      the majority of women, (2) luteinization of the granulosa cells within the pre
      ovulatory follicle occurs in response to the LH surge, (3) the increase in
      prolactin at the time of the LH surge is not directly related to increasing
      levels of oestradiol but may be due to a decrease in hypothalamic inhibition of
      prolactin secretion which occurs coincident with the release of LHRH associated
      with the preovulatory LH surge.

PMID- 6424979
TI  - The effect of plasma glucose on the growth hormone response to human pancreatic
      growth hormone releasing factor in normal subjects.
AB  - Pituitary responsiveness to 44 amino acid human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor was tested under conditions of euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia in
      six normal subjects. A 100 micrograms dose of growth hormone releasing factor was
      given at a fasting blood glucose of 5.1 +/- 0.4 mmols/l (mean +/- S.D.), and at a
      blood glucose level of 10.9 +/- 1.5. Under conditions of hyperglycaemia, the GH
      response to releasing factor was significantly depressed when compared to results
      obtained at fasting blood glucose (n = 6, t = 3.902, P = 0.0114). This is in
      keeping with the hypothesis that hyperglycaemia, mediated by the hypothalamus,
      causes decreased pituitary sensitivity to natural growth hormone releasing
      hormone.

PMID- 6424978
TI  - The effect of bromocriptine in the polycystic ovary syndrome.
AB  - The effect of chronic administration of bromocriptine to 20 patients with the
      polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was studied. All patients had normal serum
      prolactin levels. Bromocriptine 7.5 mg daily was administered for up to 1 year
      and the biochemical and clinical responses assessed at 3-monthly intervals. Over
      a period of 3 to 12 months significant reductions in serum LH levels, LH/FSH
      ratios and in plasma testosterone were observed. In 14 patients, blunting of the
      previously enhanced LH response to LHRH was observed. Clinical improvement also
      occurred, most notably in menstrual function. In 12 out of 20 patients a monthly
      cycle was established and in a further three there was an increase in the
      frequency of menstruation towards normal. Eleven out of 20 patients ultimately
      noted a subjective improvement in hirsutism. We conclude that bromocriptine,
      given to patients with polycystic ovarian disease, inhibits LH hypersecretion,
      leading to restoration of cyclic ovarian function and reduced androgen synthesis.

PMID- 6424980
TI  - [Diagnosis of hypothalamic precocious puberty].

PMID- 6424981
TI  - Arteriohepatic dysplasia: phenotypic features and family studies.
AB  - Arteriohepatic dysplasia (AHD) is a disorder characterized by intrahepatic
      cholestasis and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. We have reviewed the
      phenotypic features in the 56 previously reported cases and 7 persons from our
      institutions with AHD to summarize the type of cardiac, hepatic, facial, ocular
      and skeletal manifestations observed in this disorder. Family studies evaluating
      first-degree relatives of patients with AHD are compatible with an autosomal
      dominant mode of inheritance with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity.

PMID- 6424982
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of the hypereosinophilic syndrome treated with sodium
      cromoglycate.

PMID- 6424983
TI  - The use of oral sodium cromoglycate in young adults with severe chronic atopic
      dermatitis.

PMID- 6424984
TI  - Chrysiasis: electron microscopic studies and X-ray microanalysis.

PMID- 6424985
TI  - Gm allotype associated resistance and susceptibility to alopecia areata.
AB  - IgG heavy chain (Gm) and kappa light chain (Km) allotypes were determined in 42
      Caucasian patients with alopecia areata. There was a significant increase in
      frequency of Gm 1,2,3,17;5,13,21 (P less than 0.001), and a significant decrease
      in frequency of Gm 1,3,17;5,13,21 (P = 0.009), when results were compared to
      those of 105 normal healthy Caucasians from the same geographic area. These
      results can be explained by postulating dominant disease susceptibility and
      resistance genes in significant linkage disequilibrium with the haplotypes
      Gm1,2,17;21 and Gm1,17;21, respectively.

PMID- 6424986
TI  - B cells as well as T cells form deoxynucleotides from either deoxyadenosine or
      deoxyguanosine.
AB  - Enzyme inhibitors used to simulate the inherited immunodeficiency diseases,
      adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency,
      have been assessed in cultured human lymphocytes. Only 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF)
      completely inhibited ADA in T and B cells at concentrations in excess of 5
      microM. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) and 8-amino guanosine (8
      NH2GR) did not inhibit ADA or PNP completely at any concentration. Detailed
      metabolic experiments comparing viability and deoxynucleotide accumulation showed
      that B cell lines of malignant origin also accumulated high levels of dATP from
      2'-deoxyadenosine (dAR), and dGTP from 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGR) as effectively as
      T cells--even without inhibitors, however, dAR reduced cell viability only when
      ADA was inhibited by dCF, whilst dGR was equally toxic with or without inhibitor,
      even to a line which accumulated no dGTP. These experiments indicate that
      cultured lymphocytes, using either EHNA or 8-NH2GR as enzyme inhibitor, are not
      valid models of the toxicity to the immune system in inherited ADA or PNP
      deficiency. They demonstrate that the ability to accumulate high levels of dATP
      or dGTP is not exclusive to T cells and that the in vitro toxicity of dAR or dGR
      could relate to the use of excess substrate and/or accumulation in different
      nucleotide, not deoxynucleotide pools.

PMID- 6424987
TI  - Polyclonal B cell activation, circulating immune complexes and autoimmunity in
      human american visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - In a prospective study, serum and plasma samples from 17 patients with kala-azar
      were collected in Rio de Janeiro. High levels of immune complexes (IC) were
      detected in serum by means of 125I-Clq and conglutinin binding assays. The Clq
      binding material had a sedimentation coefficient of 19-25S, as determined by
      ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradient. Plasma levels of C3 and C3 breakdown
      products were measured and the C3d levels were increased in six out of 11
      patients. The occurrence of polyclonal B cell activation was suggested by (a) a
      marked increase of serum IgG and IgM levels and (b) of the presence of antibodies
      against various proteins and haptens (SRBC, DNP-BSA, FITC-BSA,KLH). There was a
      close association between the presence of IC and anti-immunoglobulin antibodies.
      Anti-smooth muscle antibodies were also observed. These data are consistent with
      a major role of polyclonal B cell activation in the induction of IC during
      visceral leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6424988
TI  - Demonstration of acquired resistance in Bcgr inbred mouse strains infected with a
      low dose of BCG montreal.
AB  - The relationship between natural resistance to Mycobacterium bovis BCG, expressed
      by the Bcg gene, and the generation of acquired resistance to this infection in
      various selected inbred strains of mice was investigated. Consistent with
      previous findings, a low dose (approximately 10(4)) of BCG Montreal grew
      progressively in the spleens of inbred mouse strains previously designated
      susceptible to BCG (Bcgs), but grew poorly in resistant strains (Bcgr). In
      contrast, however, little difference was observed in the growth of the organism
      in the liver or lungs of these mice, whereas furthermore, all animals behaved as
      Bcgs when infected with the World Standard preparation of BCG, BCG Pasteur.
      Moreover, four strains tested (Bcgr; A/J, C3H/HeJ, and Bcgs; B10.A/J, BALB/c),
      all showed evidence of the generation of acquired resistance to a small inoculum
      of BCG Montreal, as demonstrated by their substantial protection against a
      subsequent intravenous challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis. These findings
      are interpreted as being inconsistent with the Bcg gene hypothesis and call into
      doubt the usage of the term Bcg as a gene designation.

PMID- 6424989
TI  - Prostaglandins and the renal responses to haemorrhage, angiotensin II and
      methoxamine in conscious rabbits.
AB  - The responses to 20% haemorrhage were examined in conscious rabbits with or
      without inhibition of prostaglandin production by indomethacin (5 mg/kg + 0.5
      mg/kg per h i.v.). In rabbits not pretreated with indomethacin, haemorrhage
      lowered mean arterial pressure by 6.3 (s.e.m. = 1.6) mmHg, renal blood flow by
      22.8 (s.e.m. = 3.4) ml/min and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 3.4 (s.e.m. =
      0.6) ml/min, and raised plasma renin activity by 5.2 (s.e.m. = 1.0) ng/ml per h.
      Pretreatment of the rabbits with indomethacin did not significantly alter the
      responses to haemorrhage. Mean arterial pressure fell by 10.9 (s.e.m. = 1.8)
      mmHg, renal blood flow by 24.9 (s.e.m. = 3.9) ml/min and GFR by 4.2 (s.e.m. =
      1.8) ml/min and plasma renin activity rose by 3.2 (s.e.m. = 0.5) ng/ml per h. In
      a separate group of 5 rabbits, angiotensin II was infused at 10, 25 and 50 ng/kg
      per min i.v. or methoxamine was infused at 10 and 25 micrograms/kg per min i.v.
      After indomethacin pretreatment, angiotensin II caused a significantly greater
      rise in mean arterial pressure and greater fall in renal vascular conductance,
      but there was no effect on the GFR response. In contrast, methoxamine caused
      significantly smaller falls in GFR, renal blood flow and renal vascular
      conductance after indomethacin pretreatment. Indomethacin significantly lowered
      resting GFR but not renal blood flow or arterial pressure. Thus, indomethacin
      pretreatment accentuated the renal vasoconstriction to angiotensin II, reduced
      the renal vasoconstriction to methoxamine and had no effect on the responses to
      haemorrhage. The results therefore suggest that prostaglandins do not act to
      lessen the renal effects of all vasoconstrictor stimuli, but that the
      prostaglandin response depends on the nature of the ischaemic stimulus.

PMID- 6424990
TI  - Modulation of mononuclear phagocyte system function and circulating immune
      complexes by lyophilized concentrates in patients with classic hemophilia.
AB  - Infusions of lyophilized antihemophilic factor concentrates in patients with
      hemophilia were found to affect both circulating immune complexes and in vivo
      mononuclear phagocyte system function. Following infusion nine patients had
      simultaneous assessment of serial immune complex levels and mononuclear phagocyte
      system clearance of IgG-sensitized autologous erythrocytes relative to a
      previously established baseline. Nine patients also had a separate second
      sequence, and two a third sequence, of serial immune complex measurements in
      relation to infusions. The net change in immune complexes over the 2- to 4-hr
      interval following infusion was consistent in 10 of 11 study pairs (P less than
      0.01) despite different antihemophilic factor preparations for each study and
      different individual patient responses. This change could not be explained by
      immunochemical rearrangement in infusate and serum since in vitro mixing
      experiments showed no relationship to in vivo results. Change in mononuclear
      phagocyte system function showed a strong correlation with change in complexes (r
      = 0.70; P less than 0.05). It is suggested that infusions of antihemophilic
      factor can modulate the mononuclear phagocyte system which in turn alters immune
      complex levels. Both of these effects could potentially influence immune
      regulation which has been shown to be abnormal in other hemophiliac patient
      groups.

PMID- 6424991
TI  - Suppressive effects of anti-mu serum on the development of collagen arthritis in
      rats.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained in environmentally isolated conditions and
      some of them were injected beginning at birth with rabbit anti-mu serum to
      suppress B-cell maturation. All rats were subsequently immunized with chick type
      II collagen. Ten (28%) of 36 rats injected with anti-mu antiserum failed to
      develop serum hemagglutinating antibodies to collagen, and there was a
      significant (P less than 0.0003) reduction in the IgG-specific antibody titer to
      collagen in these 10 rats compared to the other 26 rats in this group. Only 1
      (10%) of the antibody-suppressed rats developed arthritis compared to 20 (77%) of
      the 26 other rats in the anti-mu-treated group (P less than 0.001). Twenty-two
      (61%) of 36 immunized rats administered rabbit anti-ovalbumin serum and 14 (88%)
      of 16 immunized rats kept in the axenic conditions developed arthritis. Delayed
      type hypersensitivity to collagen did not differ significantly between the
      groups. These data provide indirect evidence that antibodies play a role in the
      inception of collagen arthritis.

PMID- 6424992
TI  - Exercise testing in the latent phase of Chagas' disease.
AB  - Exercise stress testing was performed in 50 completely asymptomatic patients in
      the latent phase of Chagas' disease. In 32 (64%) abnormalities were found
      consisting of either abnormal ST depression, exercise-induced arrhythmias, or
      chronotropic incompetence. The latter was determined by comparing the heart rate
      response to 50 age- and sex-matched control patients without serologic evidence
      of Chagas' disease. In the absence of an adequate control population we can only
      speculate as to the significance of the ST depression and arrhythmias during
      exercise. However, chronotropic incompetence may be a specific marker for
      Trypanosomal infestation in an endemic area. It probably is an early
      manifestation of autonomic dysfunction secondary to Chagas' disease.

PMID- 6424993
TI  - Oxalate-induced encephalitic reactions to polyol-containing infusions during
      intensive care.
AB  - Fifteen of 5800 neuropathologically examined brains showed oxalosis with an
      intense inflammatory reaction comparable to ethylene glycol intoxication. All
      patients had received intensive care therapy with infusions of high amounts of
      xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, or fructose, mostly together with glucose. The
      encephalitic reaction induced by calcium oxalate crystals was manifested by
      clinical symptoms of cerebral damage. A genetically fixed polyol intolerance is
      hypothesized to explain polyol-induced oxaloses in brain, kidney, and partly also
      in myocardium.

PMID- 6424994
TI  - [Distribution and localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the
      central nervous system and the effect of amines on TRH metabolism investigated
      with indirect immunofluorescence technic].

PMID- 6424995
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of human muscle carbonic anhydrase III--a new diagnostic marker
      for muscle diseases (1)].

PMID- 6424996
TI  - Diagnosis of acute inflammatory conditions in children and adolescents using In
      111 oxine white blood cells.
AB  - In-111 oxine labeled white cells were used to diagnose acute inflammatory
      conditions in 42 children and adolescents, aged 6 weeks to 19 years. In 43 scans
      where a clinical correlation could be made, the test had a sensitivity of 81% and
      a specificity of 94%. There were no adverse reactions. For children the dose of
      In-111 recommended is 10-12 mu Ci/kg body weight to a maximum of 500 mu Ci.

PMID- 6424997
TI  - Bupropion does not antagonize cardiovascular actions of clonidine in normal
      subjects and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressants (TADs) are known to antagonize the hypotensive and
      sedative actions of clonidine. We compared the effects of bupropion and
      imipramine pretreatment on the acute hypotensive and sedative actions of
      clonidine in eight normotensive male subjects in a randomized, double-blind
      crossover study. Pretreatment with bupropion, 100 mg by mouth three times a day
      for 9 days, had no effect on baseline supine blood pressure (BP) and heart rate
      (HR) and did not modify the hypotensive, bradycardic, and sedative actions of
      clonidine. Imipramine, 25 mg by mouth three times a day for 9 days, increased
      supine and standing HR and decreased standing systolic BP. In half the subjects
      the hypotensive action of clonidine was reduced 40% to 50% by imipramine. The
      specific binding of 3H-yohimbine to alpha 2-receptors of platelet membranes was
      not affected by pretreatment with either antidepressant. In spontaneously
      hypertensive rats, 16 days of bupropion, 25 mg/kg subcutaneously, had no effect
      on baseline BP and HR and did not antagonize the hypotensive and bradycardic
      effects of clonidine, 5 mg/kg iv. Pretreatment with desipramine, 5 mg/kg
      subcutaneously for 16 days, accelerated baseline HR and reduced cardiovascular
      actions of clonidine. These observations suggest that not all antidepressants
      antagonize the effects of clonidine. If the negative interaction between TADs and
      clonidine is a result of sensitivity of alpha 2-receptors, these receptor changes
      are not the common denominator of antidepressant activity and may only be seen
      with TADs.

PMID- 6424998
TI  - Antithrombin activity of gold sodium thiomalate.
AB  - Gold sodium thiomalate has been shown to inhibit serine esterase enzymes isolated
      from the lysosomes of white cells. We demonstrate for the first time to our
      knowledge that gold sodium thiomalate is inhibitory to the serine esterase
      thrombin in its interaction with washed human platelets, human platelet-rich
      plasma, and human platelet-poor plasma. Since thrombin is a serine esterase
      phylogenetically related to the serine esterases elastase and cathepsin G, the
      most likely mechanism of action is an interaction of the gold thiol complex with
      one or all of the four cysteine-cysteine disulfide bridges of the thrombin
      molecule.

PMID- 6424999
TI  - The small bowel barium follow-through enhanced with an oral effervescent agent.
AB  - A method is described for consistently improving the quality of the small bowel
      barium follow-through by enhancement with an oral effervescent agent. With this
      method, although satisfactory double-contrast views of the whole small bowel were
      obtained in less than half the patients, satisfactory distension of the small
      bowel loops was achieved in 96% of examinations.

PMID- 6425000
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of the painful prosthetic joint: a comparison of gallium
      67 citrate and indium-111 labelled leucocyte imaging.
AB  - The radiopharmaceuticals gallium-67 and indium-111 labelled leucocytes have been
      compared in 15 patients with a painful joint prosthesis in an attempt to identify
      those patients with periprosthetic infection. Gallium-67 images were abnormal in
      five out of six patients with periprosthetic infection and normal in seven out of
      nine without evidence of infection. Indium-111 leucocyte images were abnormal in
      three out of six patients with infection and normal in all nine patients without
      infection. Indium-111 labelled leucocyte imaging is technically more difficult to
      perform than gallium-67 imaging. This, combined with the higher sensitivity of
      gallium-67 imaging for infection around a prosthetic joint, leads us to conclude
      that gallium-67 imaging is superior to indium-111 leucocyte imaging in
      identifying infection as a cause of a painful prosthetic joint.

PMID- 6425001
TI  - Clinical evaluation of new AMS GSC plus card.
AB  - The AutoMicrobic System GSC Plus Card was compared to a broth microdilution
      reference method. Of 1660 minimum inhibitory concentration pairs, 86.1% were
      within 1 log2 dilution range. A total of 89.2% of the GSC Plus results agreed
      qualitatively (susceptible, moderately susceptible, resistant). If
      chloramphenicol data are excluded, agreement is 88.8% and 89.9%, respectively. A
      total of only 0.90% results were very major or major discrepancies. This is
      significantly fewer major discrepancies than reported with other systems.

PMID- 6425002
TI  - The serum sensitivity, colonial morphology, serogroup specificity, and outer
      membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from several clinical
      sites.
AB  - Ninety-three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from 68 patients
      hospitalized with respiratory tract infections, burns, urinary tract infections,
      and other illnesses, were examined for: 1) sensitivity to the bactericidal
      activity of fresh normal human serum (FHS); 2) colonial morphology; 3) serogroup
      designation; and 4) outer membrane protein (OMP) profile. The purpose of this
      study was to determine if there was any relationship between any of these
      microbial characteristics and the propensity of this microorganism to infect a
      specific clinical site or tissue. The results of this study can be summarized as
      follows: 1) slime-producing strains were generally more serum-sensitive than non
      slime producers, although serum sensitivity was not related to slime production
      per se; 2) CF strains were much more serum-sensitive than non-CF strains; 3) the
      clinical isolation site appeared to be the predominant determinant of a strain's
      sensitivity to FHS; 4) the ability of P. aeruginosa to colonize/infect a specific
      clinical site or resist the bactericidal activity of FHS was generally unrelated
      to serogroup specificity; and 5) whereas the OMP profile of a particular strain
      does not appear to correlate with its response to the bactericidal effect of FHS,
      it does appear to be related to its clinical isolation site.

PMID- 6425003
TI  - Morphologic aberration associated with colonial tenacity of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - A blood isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was encountered which produced, on
      subculture to Mueller-Hinton agar, markedly adherent, tenacious colonies which
      were characterized microscopically by the presence of serpentine rows of
      interlocking bacilli. Factors accounting for the observed morphologic aberration,
      which was lost upon subculture, remain unknown.

PMID- 6425004
TI  - Paratyphoid orchitis.
AB  - A case of pyogenic orchitis due to infection with Salmonella enteritidis ser.
      Paratyphi B is discussed. Unlike previously reported cases of Salmonella
      orchitis, this patient developed infection by bacteremic spread and not by direct
      extension from the epididymis. Therapy with chloramphenicol resulted in an
      excellent clinical response.

PMID- 6425005
TI  - In vitro evaluation of U63196-E (AC-1370): antimicrobial activity, beta-lactamase
      stability, and beta-lactamase inhibition.
AB  - Upjohn compound U63196 -E (formerly AC-1370) is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin
      with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that includes Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (minimum inhibitory concentration, 8.0 micrograms/ml), nearly all
      members of the Enterobacteriaceae, and most gram-positive cocci except
      enterococci and staphylococci resistant to to methicillin. The compound was
      stable to most commonly isolated beta-lactamases, especially TEM-1, TEM-2, and P
      99; the highest rates of hydrolysis of U63196 -E were by PSE enzymes (23.4-92.5%
      of the relative hydrolysis rate of cephaloridine). Compared to eight other beta
      lactams, U63196 -E was a poor inhibitor of beta-lactamases.

PMID- 6425006
TI  - Enzymatic inactivation of human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by metalloproteinases in
      snake venoms of the family Elapidae.
AB  - Incubation of dialyzed Elapid venoms with the human plasma proteinase inhibitor,
      alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, resulted in enzymatic inactivation of the inhibitor by
      metalloproteinases in the crude venoms. Dendroaspis angusticeps venom exhibited
      the highest activity on alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. However, venoms from seven
      genera inactivated the inhibitor, indicating that the metalloproteinases
      responsible for the inactivation are widespread among snakes of the family
      Elapidae. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that intact alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      (64,000 daltons) was converted to a 60,000 dalton inactive inhibitor. No stable
      complexes between alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and venom proteinases were observed,
      and no random proteolysis of the inhibitor occurred. The Elapid venoms showed
      little or no proteolytic activity on casein or hide powder azure, confirming
      observations from other laboratories. However, all venoms tested completely
      inactivated native alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by limited proteolysis.

PMID- 6425007
TI  - Quantitative semi-automated enzymatic assay for tissue glycogen.
AB  - A simple, rapid, specific and reproducible assay for tissue glycogen is
      described. The method involves the incubation of a denatured tissue homogenate
      with amyloglucosidase resulting in the complete hydrolysis of glycogen to
      glucose. The glucose content of the homogenate supernatant is then determined
      with the aid of a glucose analyzer. The method has been used to measure the
      glycogen content of a variety of discrete and complex animal tissues and is
      particularly convenient for microdeterminations.

PMID- 6425008
TI  - The ketogenic effect of glucose in rumen epithelium of ovine (Ovis aries) and
      bovine (Bos taurus) origin.
AB  - In experiments with rumen epithelium incubated in vitro the ratio of 3
      hydroxybutyrate: acetoacetate produced was similar to the ratio reported for
      portal blood, and the ratio ketogenesis: oxidized to CO2 of butyrate was also
      close to values reported in vivo. Ovine and bovine epithelium incubated with
      butyrate differed significantly by the values of about 12-17 and 4-7 obtained for
      the ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate: acetoacetate. Increasing levels of butyrate in
      the incubation medium resulted in a decreasing proportion of butyrate oxidized to
      CO2 and an increasing proportion of ketogenesis. The addition of glucose to
      butyrate in the incubation medium significantly increased the rate of ketogenesis
      from butyrate by ovine and bovine tissues. The addition of glucose to butyrate in
      the incubation medium significantly decreased the rate of butyrate oxidation to
      CO2 by ovine and bovine tissues. The ketogenic effect of glucose was also
      apparent in perfused rumen epithelium with butyrate at the mucosal side and
      glucose at the serosal side.

PMID- 6425009
TI  - SIRAD: a program for automatic dosimetry and data transfer for radiotherapy
      planning.
AB  - A program is described which performs automatic dosimetry. The measured data is
      stored in such a way that it can be used immediately by a treatment planning
      system.

PMID- 6425010
TI  - The short-term effects of a low-dose oral contraceptive on glucose metabolism,
      plasma lipids and blood clotting factors.
AB  - Twelve young women were prospectively evaluated for the short-term metabolic
      effects of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 30 micrograms ethinyl
      estradiol and 150 micrograms levonorgestrel. To each volunteer a 50 g glucose
      challenge was administered monthly as a screening test for changes in the glucose
      metabolism. Fasting and 30 minutes glucose and insulin values were measured and
      blood specimens were collected for determination of fasting triglycerides,
      cholesterol and blood clotting factors II, VII, X. During treatment the fasting
      plasma glucose level decreased significantly in the first two cycles and then
      normalized. No change in incremental glucose values was observed. Fasting insulin
      concentrations, incremental insulin values and the insulinogenic index did not
      change during the study period. Total plasma cholesterol values decreased during
      treatment, whereas the plasma triglyceride levels were unaffected. Immediately
      after tablet intake, an increase was found in the blood clotting factors and the
      elevated levels continued constantly throughout the study period. Comparing the
      data from the present study with data from previous investigations on low-dose
      ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel compounds, there seems to be no difference in
      the influence on blood clotting factors, glucose and lipid metabolism between
      treatment for 3 and 6 months. From the study, it is concluded that the impact of
      oral contraceptives on metabolic functions may emerge during the initial
      treatment cycles.

PMID- 6425011
TI  - Sexual dysfunction in uremic male: improvement following oral zinc
      supplementation.

PMID- 6425012
TI  - Zinc substitution for male dialysis patients: positive effect on preexisting
      hypogonadism?

PMID- 6425013
TI  - Therapy of aluminum overload (I).

PMID- 6425014
TI  - Evaluating the benefit of clinical trials to future patients.
AB  - Large, multicenter clinical trials are expensive to design and to carry out. In
      spite of the magnitude of expenditures for such endeavors during the past two
      decades, little attention has been given to evaluating the impact of findings
      from these trials on those who are expected to benefit from them, i.e., future
      patients to whom trial findings apply. The implications of failure to demonstrate
      that results from these large medical experiments have been accepted by medical
      practitioners and policy makers and applied appropriately to patients must be of
      concern to all advocates and practitioners of controlled trials. Of the 20
      evaluation studies reviewed in this paper, 6 were directed at assessing dollar
      benefits to the patient or to society. The remaining 14 studies were concerned
      primarily with physician knowledge and acceptance of trial findings.
      Investigators and sponsors of each large trial have a responsibility to develop
      an evaluation strategy during the planning phase of the trial, to publicize
      findings from the trial, to evaluate the impact of the findings on future
      patients, to act in response to the results of the evaluation, and to foster
      integration of findings into patient care policy.

PMID- 6425015
TI  - Increased arterial carbon dioxide tension due to enteral nutrition during
      mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6425016
TI  - Critical care units--responding to the changing economic climate.

PMID- 6425017
TI  - Transdermal nitroglycerin systems: ending the confusion (or... "can I show you
      something in a Nitro-Dur 5?").

PMID- 6425018
TI  - Retinal carbonic anhydrase: a comparative study.
AB  - Activity levels of carbonic anhydrase (E.C. 4.2.1.1) were measured in the retina
      and pigment epithelium of thirteen vertebrate species. The animals cover five
      taxonomic classes and among them illustrate four different retinal vascular
      supply patterns. The species can also be grouped according to their temperature
      regulatory mechanisms; i.e., homeothermic or poikilothermic. Significant
      differences are observed when the enzyme activities are examined by taxonomic
      class-birds and reptiles appear to have very high levels of enzyme activity;
      mammals and fish, moderate levels; and amphibia, low levels. When the enzyme
      activities are regrouped according to either vascular structure or temperature
      regulation, no significant differences are observed. From this, it is concluded
      that the level of carbonic anhydrase required by retinal tissue is not directly
      related to either of these factors. Carbonic anhydrase activity in kidney was
      compared with that in retina/pigment epithelium. Retina/pigment epithelium values
      are as great or greater than those in kidney but show a wider range. Only
      mammalian and avian kidney CA activity levels are high. We suggest that carbonic
      anhydrase levels in retina/pigment epithelium may be responsive to factors which
      influence vitreo-retinal ion and pH gradients.

PMID- 6425019
TI  - Effects of cytotoxic drugs on proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the rabbit cell
      injection model.
AB  - The effects of adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, triamcinolone and
      Viroptic on an experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)
      produced by the injection of homologous dermal fibroblasts into the rabbit
      vitreous were studied. Adriamycin and fluorouracil inhibited fibroblast
      proliferation and prevented the formation of membranes as well as did
      triamcinolone, whereas methotrexate and Viroptic had no beneficial effect in this
      model of PVR.

PMID- 6425020
TI  - Ventilatory effects of doxapram in conscious human subjects.
AB  - The ventilatory effects of a bolus intravenous dose of doxapram (0.37 to 0.47
      mg/kg) were studied in ten healthy normal subjects. An immediate significant (p
      less than 0.001) increase in minute ventilation (VE) was due, in equal part, to
      significant increases in tidal volume (VT) and frequency (f). The inspiratory
      (TI) and expiratory time (TE) per breath decreased significantly. Mouth occlusion
      pressure increased significantly, in association with the increase in VT; there
      was no change in the ratio of VE to mouth occlusion pressure, indicating that
      respiratory mechanics did not alter. These results indicate that doxapram
      increases ventilation in conscious, normal man by an increase in inspiratory
      neuromuscular drive and a change in central breath timing. The ventilatory and
      mouth occlusion pressure responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia and
      progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia were significantly altered by an intravenous
      infusion of doxapram (1 mg/min) only in the elevations (Y-intercepts) of the
      slopes of VE and mouth occlusion pressure; the regression coefficients did not
      change significantly. These results indicate that in conscious normal subjects,
      doxapram acts on both the peripheral and central respiratory receptors.

PMID- 6425021
TI  - A DNA sequence of Drosophila melanogaster with a differential telomeric
      distribution.
AB  - A DNA sequence (8-19T) of 2.3 kilobase pairs (kb) of Drosophila melanogaster was
      localized by in situ hybridization to the extreme ends of polytene chromosomes
      and to the chromocenter. The relative abundance of this sequence at the ends of
      polytene chromosomes X:2L:2R:3L:3R is 1:3.4:1.9:0:2.7. This differential
      distribution is probably due to different copy numbers at the individual
      telomeric regions. Restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA shows that 8-19T
      sequences are interspersed with other sequences. The clone 8-19T, which contains
      most of this interspersed repetitive sequence, is itself not internally
      repetitive but has a complex sequence composition. Some of these sequences are
      transcribed into poly(A)+RNA. We suggest that the ends of Drosophila chromosomes
      are of a complex arrangement with some sequences common to all ends.

PMID- 6425022
TI  - [Clinical application of TRH and metoclopramide (MCP) stimulating tests for
      prolactin].

PMID- 6425023
TI  - [Diagnosis of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor: clinical analysis of 45
      cases].

PMID- 6425024
TI  - Cell sorting and microchemistry of cultured human fibroblasts: applications in
      genetics and aging research.
AB  - Cell sorting is a way to isolate viable subpopulations of cells present in a
      mixture. The drawback of the isolation method is the shortage of material for
      subsequent biochemical determinations. We have employed a combination of (ultra-)
      microchemistry and cell sorting to overcome this problem. The methods enable
      determinations of protein and several enzyme activities on triton extracts of
      5,000-10,000 sorted cells. In addition, using ultramicromethods we could
      determine enzyme activity in single sorted cells. This combination of methods is
      used for clinical genetic studies on heterozygote detection in Fabry's disease,
      an X-linked genetic disease. Moreover, microchemistry is used to study enzyme
      activities in sorted autofluorescent "aged" fibroblasts.

PMID- 6425025
TI  - Indium-111 oxine-labeled autologous leukocyte scans in the management of
      colorectal diseases.
AB  - The accuracy and usefulness of indium-111 oxine-labeled autologous leukocyte
      scans in the management of infectious complications of colon and rectal surgery
      and of inflammatory diseases of the colon have been studied by review of the
      records of all patients undergoing such scans at Morristown Memorial Hospital
      during the first six months such scans were performed there. A total of 20 scans
      was performed on 18 patients. Twelve scans were performed on 11 patients being
      treated for diseases of the colon and rectum. Of these 12 scans, one was normal,
      four demonstrated intra-abdominal abscesses, three demonstrated wound infections
      (two abdominal, one perineal), one was positive for granulomatous colitis, one
      for pseudomembranous colitis, one for chronic diverticulitis, and one for
      enterocutaneous fistula. One allergic reaction to the labeled leukocytes
      occurred. Comparisons with other corroborative localizing diagnostic tests were
      made. Subsequent treatment was reviewed. Analysis of these cases indicates that
      the majority of all scans were performed to evaluate complications of colorectal
      surgery or inflammatory diseases of the colon and that these scans were highly
      accurate. In all instances where appropriate, delineation of a lesion in the
      colorectal cases was followed by corrective treatment.

PMID- 6425026
TI  - Diverticular rupture during colonoscopy. Fact or fancy?
AB  - Uncomplicated colonic diverticula have been regarded as weak points in the bowel
      wall which have a predisposition to rupture during colonoscopy. We attempted to
      prove or disprove this assumption. Eleven segments of diverticula-containing
      sigmoid colon were insufflated via a colonoscope and the rupture pressure
      manometrically recorded. The mean +/- SEM pressure causing serosal tear was 202
      +/- 15 mm Hg and mucosal rupture 226 +/- 14 mm Hg. No diverticular blowouts
      occurred. Intraluminal sigmoid pressures were measured manometrically in 15
      patients with and 15 patients without colonic diverticula during routine
      colonoscopy. The pressure recordings were read in a blinded fashion, and the
      values were then grouped and analyzed in those patients with and without sigmoid
      colon diverticula. Intrarectal, sigmoid, peak sigmoid, peak sigmoid with cough,
      and peak sigmoid with Valsalva pressures were similar in both groups.
      Furthermore, the pressure levels generated during colonoscopy were much lower
      than those required for colonic rupture in the cadaver colons. We conclude that
      the reason most colonic perforations occur in the sigmoid area is not due to
      diverticular blowout. Rather, excluding instances where electrocautery is used,
      we feel it is due to instrument trauma. Less commonly, excessive air insufflation
      can result in serosal laceration and mucosal rupture, whereas diverticular
      blowout is probably limited to the setting of acute diverticulitis.

PMID- 6425028
TI  - Clinical pharmacy services in family practice: cost-benefit analysis. I.
      Physician time and quality of care.
AB  - The objectives of this study was to identify benefits and costs that a family
      practice clinic could expect to incur by including a clinical pharmacist in that
      clinic, to derive equations to estimate the magnitude of each benefit and cost,
      to discuss the rationale for each equation, and to demonstrate the application of
      these equations through the use of sample calculations. The benefits, freed
      physician time and improved quality of care, are discussed. The physician's time
      is freed since the clinical pharmacist can provide many services that were
      provided previously by a physician. Quantification is based on a determination of
      the amount of time spent by physicians in providing specific services and the
      proportion of those services that could be assumed by a clinical pharmacist.
      Literature sources document an improvement in quality of care due to clinical
      pharmacy services. The principle used to quantify this improvement in the quality
      of care involves determining a monetary value for this care before the addition
      of a clinical pharmacist. This baseline quality of care value is then multiplied
      by the projected fractional increase in the overall quality of care that would
      result from the inclusion of a clinical pharmacist.

PMID- 6425027
TI  - Visual acuity development in tyrosinase negative oculocutaneous albinism.

PMID- 6425029
TI  - Sodium valproate and haemostasis--what to do.

PMID- 6425030
TI  - [Rehabilitation after myocardial infarct. I. Value, goals and prerequisites].

PMID- 6425031
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine and nitroglycerin on epicardial vessels in coronary heart
      disease].
AB  - The effect of nifedipine and nitroglycerin on the diameter of epicardial coronary
      arteries, the stenosis diameter, as well as arterial blood pressure and heart
      rate were recorded in 20 patients with coronary-heart disease. Nifedipine (20 mg
      sublingually) caused a significant fall in arterial pressure and a significant
      rise in heart rate. Additional administration of nitroglycerin (0.8 mg
      sublingually) caused a further fall in arterial pressure while heart rate
      remained constant. A definite relaxation (vasodilatation) of the epicardial
      vessels was demonstrated after nifedipine and a further increase after
      nitroglycerin. While nifedipine on average led to a significant increase in the
      diameter at the site of stenosis, response of individual stenoses was highly
      variable. In one patient with subtotal stenosis of the anterior interventricular
      branch a complete, transitory occlusion at the site of the stenosis occurred
      during nifedipine medication. This paradoxical reaction was not noted after
      nitroglycerin. Relaxation of the epicardial coronary arteries by nifedipine with
      suppression of phasic tone thus seems to be the major part of its anti-anginal
      effect. This effect is potentiated by nitroglycerin so that the combination of
      nitrate and calcium-antagonist appears to be therapeutically reasonable. In
      individual patients, however, there may be a paradoxical reaction to nifedipine.

PMID- 6425032
TI  - [Pseudomonas septicemia after endoscopic interventions on the bile duct system].
AB  - In the first half of 1982 there was an increase in septicaemia cases, especially
      among patients with biliary-tract drainage. The septicaemia incidence rose from
      1.25% to 4.4%. The proportion of Pseudomonas septicaemias was especially high: of
      20 patients (21 episodes of septicaemia) nine had infections with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa alone, three a mixed septicaemia. In ten of these twelve patients
      there was impaired drainage by a malignant tumour. Three patients with a tumour
      stenosis died, mainly of the septicaemia. The cause of this increased incidence
      of Pseudomonas septicaemias lay in contamination of the instruments; it was in
      part sustained by the Endo-Washer. The connection between the septicaemia after
      endoscopic-retrograde cholangiography and recontamination of the endoscope was
      discovered after sero- and pyocin-typing of the Pseudomonas strains. By changing
      the methods of disinfection the Pseudomonas incidence among endoscopies fell.
      However, in individual samplings Pseudomonas can still be demonstrated on
      instruments as well as on the Endo-Washer.

PMID- 6425033
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin plasters on hemodynamics and stress tolerance of
      patients with coronary heart disease].
AB  - The haemodynamic and antianginous efficacy of percutaneous nitroglycerin was
      evaluated in 24 patients with coronary heart disease. Groups of 8 patients each
      received one, two or four patches (nitroglycerin liberation 5 mg per patch within
      24 hours). Prior to application and after 1 and 2 hours cardiac frequency,
      arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures and exercise tolerance were assessed.
      Cardiac frequency and arterial pressure showed no relevant changes after
      application of patches. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased after
      application of one or two plasters by 18.5 and 22.2% at rest and by 12.7 and
      21.1%, respectively, during exercise. The working capacity showed a trend towards
      improvement only. With four nitroglycerin patches the mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure at rest was lower by 26.2% and during exercise by 39.1%. The working
      capacity rose significantly by 48.7%. Comparison of these effects with oral
      single dosage of 20 mg 5-isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) showed that two
      simultaneously administered plasters did not achieve efficacy of 20 mg 5-ISMN,
      four plasters, however, were more effective.

PMID- 6425034
TI  - [Follow-up studies of various blood parameters in calves during the fattening
      period using milk replacers].

PMID- 6425035
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis with multiple intracranial tumors.

PMID- 6425036
TI  - Biochemical effects of long-term exposure to cadmium and copper on rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri): validation of water quality criteria.
AB  - Salmo gairdneri specimens were exposed for 4 months to 1-10 micrograms/liter of
      Cd and 30-100 micrograms/liter of Cu. At different times from the beginning of
      the experiment the activity of some metal-sensitive enzymes was assayed (blood
      catalase and carbonic anhydrase; liver aminolevulinate dehydrase and total
      leucylaminopeptidase ). Biochemical indices of mitochondrial (respiratory control
      ratio; O2 consumption) and lysosomal function (percentage free
      leucylaminopeptidase activity), gill sialic acid content, and mucus lysozyme
      concentration were also detected. Cu (at both the levels tested) and Cd (only at
      the highest concentration) cause a remarkable alteration in various
      biochemical/physiological parameters under study. Considerations about the water
      quality criteria levels proposed by EIFAC /FAO for the two metals are reported.

PMID- 6425037
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the marine environment, particularly in the
      Mediterranean.
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) possess a low water solubility, a high n
      octanol/water partition coefficient, and a high persistence, particularly those
      which are highly chlorinated. Because of these properties they are bioaccumulated
      in many organisms in the environment. PCBs are still manufactured industrially
      and used in the Mediterranean countries (e.g., Italy, Spain, and France).
      Production figures for these countries and for the FRG, the United Kingdom, and
      the United States between 1973 and 1979 are given. The concentrations of PCBs in
      marine air, water, sediments, microplankton , algae, mussels, fish, and other
      marine organisms including seabirds from the Mediterranean area are reviewed and
      compared with PCB concentrations in marine samples from non-Mediterranean
      regions. Levels of PCBs in seawater are highest in the western and central
      Mediterranean. The data for mussels and fish give a clear indication that the PCB
      levels are higher in the Northwest and the Tyrrhenian Sea than in the eastern
      Mediterranean. The FDA in June 1979 set 2 mg/kg as the temporary maximum
      concentration for PCBs in fish and shellfish. The PCB residues in some fish from
      the northwestern Mediterranean and Tyrrhenian Sea and in some mussels from the
      Adriatic Sea are higher than this limit. The amount of PCBs ingested via food by
      the Mediterranean population is unknown.

PMID- 6425038
TI  - Prostaglandin I2 stimulates thyrotropin secretion in vivo and in vitro in rats.
AB  - Effects of prostaglandin I2 (PG I2) on secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) in vivo and
      in vitro in rats have been studied. Ten micrograms per kg of PG I2 were injected
      i. v. and the animals were serially decapitated. Thyrotropin releasing hormone
      (TRH), thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Effects of PG I2 from anterior pituitary were also investigated
      by means of an in vitro experiment. Plasma and hypothalamic concentrations of
      immunoreactive (ir-TRH) did not change after PG I2 injection. Basal plasma TSH
      levels significantly increased with a peak at 20 min after PG I2 injection. The
      plasma ir-TRH response to cold did not differ from that of the control, while the
      plasma TSH response to cold was significantly enhanced by PG I2. The plasma TSH
      response to TRH was also significantly enhanced by PG I2. The plasma T4h and T3
      levels did not change significantly after PG I2 injection. TSH release from
      anterior pituitary in vitro significantly increased after the addition of PG I2
      to medium. These findings suggest that PG I2 stimulates TSH secretion from
      anterior pituitary in vivo and in vivo in rats.

PMID- 6425039
TI  - Conformational energy studies and in vitro and in vivo activity data on growth
      hormone-releasing peptides.
AB  - A series of growth hormone-releasing peptides have been designed and tested for
      both in vitro and in vivo activity. In vitro activity at 1-10 ng/ml was obtained
      for the pentapeptide, His-DTrp-Ala-Trp-DPhe-NH2 (I) and the hexapeptide, His-DTrp
      Ala-Trp-DPhe-Lys-NH2 (II). These peptides, as well as others to be described, are
      active in releasing GH in vivo at low microgram dosages. In this manuscript, the
      conformational properties and in vitro and in vivo activity of a series of small
      peptides are reported. Results of the biological studies are reported in an
      accompanying paper.

PMID- 6425040
TI  - Low serum thyroxine and high serum triiodothyronine in nephrotic rats: etiology
      and implications for bioavailability of protein-bound hormone.
AB  - Traditionally, it has been thought that the bioavailable fraction of circulating
      serum hormones, i.e. that which is available for cellular uptake and is
      physiologically active, is limited to the free (nonprotein bound) hormone.
      However, recent evidence, based on acute organ uptake of labeled hormone,
      suggests that the amount of hormone which is bioavailable in vivo may exceed that
      which is calculated to be free in vitro. To explore the bioavailability of
      circulating protein-bound thyroid hormones under steady state conditions in vivo,
      we altered serum thyroid hormone-binding proteins in rats by inducing nephrotic
      syndrome with puromycin aminonucleoside. Nephrotic rats (serum albumin, 1.1 g/dl)
      were found to have a marked reduction in serum T4 [2.1 +/- 0.2 (SEM) vs. 6.5 +/-
      0.3 microgram/dl; P less than 0.01] and an elevation of serum T3 [141 +/- 8 vs.
      51 +/- 2 ng/dl; P less than 0.01]. Estimated T4 production rate was normal in
      nephrotic rats, and the 3- to 4-fold increase in T4 MCR appeared to account for
      the marked reduction in serum T4. By contrast, increased serum T3 levels in
      nephrotic rats reflected both a reduction (55%) in T3 MCR and an increased rate
      of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. A circulating inhibitor of T4 binding to
      serum proteins appeared to be present in nephrotic rats. The changes in the
      various serum components of thyroid hormone [T4-binding prealbumin (TBPA)-bound,
      albumin-bound, free] produced by nephrotic syndrome were compared with the
      corresponding changes in indices of thyroid hormone bioavailability (MCR, urinary
      excretion, hepatic content, TSH suppression, single pass extraction by liver).
      These comparisons suggested that nephrotic syndrome results in increased
      bioavailability of circulating T4 and decreased bioavailability of circulating
      T3. The bioavailable fraction of circulating T3 in vivo seemed to include both
      free T3 and that which is albumin bound in vitro. The bioavailable fraction of
      circulating T4 resembled free T4 more than non-TBPA-bound T4 (= albumin bound +
      free), although a nephrosis-induced increase in bioavailability of TBPA-bound T4
      was also possible. We conclude that nephrotic rats have low serum T4, which is
      related to accelerated T4 clearance, and high serum T3, which is related both to
      decreased T3 clearance and increased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Under
      steady state conditions in vivo, bioavailable circulating T3 appears to include
      both free T3 and the T3 that is bound to albumin in vitro.

PMID- 6425041
TI  - The effects of the duration of severe hypothyroidism and aging on the metabolic
      clearance rate of thyrotropin (TSH) and the pituitary TSH response to TSH
      releasing hormone.
AB  - We have studied the effects of the duration of severe hypothyroidism
      (thyroidectomy) and aging on the pituitary TSH response to exogenous TRH and the
      TSH MCR in female rats. Rats were thyroidectomized (THYREX) or sham operated
      (SHAM) 4, 14, or 68 days before experimentation. All rats were prepared with
      chronic intraatrial catheters through which TRH (0, 250, or 1000 ng/100 g BW) or
      [125I]TSH was administered, and sequential blood samples were obtained. The MCR
      of TSH was determined in each group from the plasma disappearance curves of
      injected [125I]iodo-TSH and were found to be decreased in 4-day-THYREX [0.23 +/-
      0.01 (+/- SE) vs. 0.27 +/- 0.01 ml/min X 100 g; P less than 0.05], but not in 14
      day-THYREX or 68-day-THYREX rats compared with age-matched SHAM controls. In
      addition, the TSH MCR was found to be decreased in 68-day-SHAM compared to 4- or
      14-day-SHAM rats (0.15 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.01 ml/min X 100 g; P less than
      0.05). The amount of TSH secreted (MCR X area under delta plasma TSH curve X BW)
      in response to each dose of TRH was calculated and was found to be decreased in 4
      day-THYREX rats (4.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 30.0 +/- 4.5 micrograms; P less than 0.05), but
      not different in 14-day- or 68-day-THYREX rats compared with age-matched SHAM
      controls. The amount of TSH secreted in response to TRH was also reduced in 68
      day-SHAM compared with 4- or 14-day-SHAM rats (16.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 30.0 +/- 4.5
      micrograms; P less than 0.05). These results indicate that 1) the MCR of TSH is
      decreased by aging, but not by severe hypothyroidism in the rat; 2) the pituitary
      TSH response of the rat to exogenous TRH is decreased by aging, and 3) during
      severe hypothyroidism, the pituitary TSH response of the rat to a midrange or
      maximal dose of TRH is decreased (4-day-THYREX) or not different (14- and 68-day
      THYREX) compared with that of age-matched euthyroid rats.

PMID- 6425042
TI  - Variability in level-dose ratio of valproate: monotherapy versus polytherapy.

PMID- 6425043
TI  - Open trials with valproate in epilepsy.

PMID- 6425044
TI  - Controlled and comparative trials of valproate performed in Europe and Asia.

PMID- 6425045
TI  - Controlled and comparative trials with valproate: United States.

PMID- 6425046
TI  - Adverse effects of valproate.

PMID- 6425047
TI  - Non-dose-related side effects of valproate.
AB  - The clinical and histological findings in 88 patients in whom hepatotoxicity with
      valproate has been reported were reviewed. The characteristic lesion is
      microvesicular steatosis. Hepatotoxicity appears to be an idiosyncratic reaction
      and is most likely to appear within 6 months from the start of therapy,
      especially in young patients on comedication. The condition may be reversible if
      the drug is immediately withdrawn in patients who show acute gastrointestinal
      symptoms, drowsiness or lethargy, jaundice, or change in seizure pattern.
      Clinical monitoring is more important than laboratory monitoring. The outcome of
      pregnancies in 344 women who received valproate in the first trimester was
      reviewed. There were 225 normal babies and 68 abnormal babies. The role of
      valproate in the aetiology of neural tube defects remains uncertain, but mothers
      treated with valproate should receive prenatal counselling.

PMID- 6425048
TI  - Psychiatric complications of absence therapy and their relation to alteration of
      sleep.

PMID- 6425049
TI  - Sodium valproate and cognitive function.
AB  - The literature concerning the effects of sodium valproate on cognitive function
      was reviewed, including both volunteer and patient studies. Two were reported
      from the National Hospital--one a double-blind crossover investigation against
      placebo in volunteers, and the other in patients on monotherapy. It was concluded
      that sodium valproate has minimal adverse effects, although those that are seen
      are probably dose related. It has less of an effect on cognitive function than
      some of the other commonly used anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6425050
TI  - Rational use of valproate: indications and drug regimen in epilepsy.

PMID- 6425051
TI  - Valproate monotherapy.

PMID- 6425052
TI  - Stimulation of lactase synthesis induced by starvation in the jejunum of adult
      rat.
AB  - The effects of actinomycin D and of cycloheximide administration have been
      investigated on the enzyme activities of the jejunal brush border membrane in
      adult rats after a 48-hour period of starvation. The modifications in the protein
      and enzyme patterns of the brush border membrane and the incorporation of
      radiolabelled amino acid in the protein band corresponding to lactase have been
      studied in the nourished and in the starved animal. The results show that
      actinomycin D administration did not modify the stimulation of lactase activity
      caused by starvation whereas cycloheximide completely inhibited this process. The
      stimulation of lactase activity, in the starved animal, is related to a
      quantitative increase of the corresponding protein band and with enhanced
      incorporation of L-[3H]valine in this protein band after separation of brush
      border proteins by gel electrophoresis. It is concluded that the stimulation of
      lactase activity observed during starvation is the consequence of de novo
      synthesis of lactase molecules and that this process is regulated at a
      translational level. A general hypothesis is proposed in order to clear up partly
      the mechanism involved in the stimulation of lactase activity by food deprivation
      in the adult rat.

PMID- 6425053
TI  - The mechanism of self-assembly of the multi-enzyme complex tryptophan synthase
      from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The alpha subunit is bound with negative cooperativity to the holo beta 2 subunit
      of tryptophan synthase in phosphate buffer. Thus it is feasible to measure
      separately the rates of formation both of the stable alpha beta 2 subcomplex from
      beta 2, and of the mature alpha 2 beta 2 complex from alpha beta 2, using stopped
      flow techniques. Addition of each alpha subunit proceeds in two steps; an initial
      alpha beta protomer is formed rapidly, which subsequently isomerizes slowly to
      the equilibrium state. The rates of dissociation of both the alpha beta 2 and
      alpha 2 beta 2 complexes were measured by trapping released alpha subunit with
      enzymically inactive reduced beta 2 subunit. The reversal of the slow
      isomerization both determines the rate of dissociation, and accounts for the high
      overall affinity of the beta protomer for the alpha subunit. The data fit to a
      sequential assembly mechanism consisting of seven protein species and yields
      values for most of the rate constants and all of the microscopic equilibrium
      constants. Negative cooperativity arises from a weaker initial binding of the
      second alpha subunit, as expressed by its larger off-constant, possibly due to
      steric hindrance. The kinetics of binding of L-serine and indolepropanol
      phosphate during the assembly process shows that the beta protomer is already
      partially activated in the initial alpha beta complex. Full activation is
      achieved in the slow isomerization reaction. In contrast, the alpha subunit gains
      high affinity for indolepropanol phosphate only in the isomerization reaction.
      These observations indicate that the isomerization involves synchronous
      conformation changes of both alpha and beta protomers.

PMID- 6425054
TI  - Transcription of the Drosophila white locus and some of its mutants.
AB  - The white locus produces one major, though rare, RNA of 2.6 kb, found throughout
      development. Minor species of lower mol. wt. are also produced. One of these is
      male specific. Transcription was analysed by Northern blot hybridisation in the
      wild-type and several mutants: wa, w67c23, we, wsp and zeste. These and the
      results of S1 mapping reveal the presence of at least four introns. One of these,
      a micro-intron of 30-50 nucleotides contains the site of copia insertion in the
      wa mutant.

PMID- 6425055
TI  - Cloning sequences from the hairy gene of Drosophila.
AB  - A series of mutations that alter the pattern of segmentation in Drosophila
      embryos has been identified. Mutations in one of these loci, hairy, delete the
      posterior part of each odd-numbered segment and the anterior part of each even
      numbered segment; although the amount deleted depends on the allele. Weak alleles
      delete less than an entire segment and do not always eliminate structures in
      every other segment. Strong alleles show the same periodicity in the pattern
      defect, but delete regions greater than one segment. In such cases the remaining
      parts of the pattern duplicate with mirror-image symmetry. To study the function
      of this gene at a molecular level, sequences from the hairy locus were cloned.
      This was facilitated by the hairy1 (h1) mutation, which is caused by the
      insertion of the transposable element, gypsy.

PMID- 6425056
TI  - Biosynthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone in the skin of Xenopus laevis:
      partial sequence of the precursor deduced from cloned cDNA.
AB  - Skin of Xenopus laevis contains relatively large quantities of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH). Total mRNA isolated from skin was cloned in the plasmid
      pUC8. Among 1400 cDNA clones, one was found with an insert of 478 nucleotides
      coding for the amino-terminal part of prepro-TRH. This clone was detected using a
      mixture of two synthetic undecanucleotides for colony hybridization. The single
      open reading frame starts with a methionine residue and a stretch of hydrophobic
      amino acids, as is typical for signal peptides, and terminates at the poly(C)
      tail without a stop codon. The deduced polypeptide of 123 amino acids contains
      three copies of the sequences Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Pro-Gly-Lys Arg-Arg and a fourth
      incomplete copy at the carboxyl end. Typical pro-hormone processing at this
      sequence would yield pGlu-His-Pro.NH2,i.e. TRH. It is concluded that the cloned
      part of the mRNA codes for prepro-TRH and that the TRH precursor from skin of X.
      laevis is a polyprotein containing at least four copies of the end product in its
      amino acid sequence.

PMID- 6425057
TI  - Mutagenesis of the three bases preceding the start codon of the beta
      galactosidase mRNA and its effect on translation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The effect on the translation efficiency of various mutations in the three bases
      (the -1 triplet) that precede the AUG start codon of the beta-galactosidase mRNA
      in Escherichia coli was studied. Of the 39 mutants examined, the level of
      expression varies over a 20-fold range. The most favorable combinations of bases
      in the -1 triplet are UAU and CUU. The expression levels in the mutants with UUC,
      UCA or AGG as the -1 triplet are 20-fold lower than those with UAU or CUU. In
      general, a U residue immediately preceding the start codon is more favorable for
      expression than any other base; furthermore, an A residue at the -2 position
      enhances the translation efficiency in most instances. In both cases, however,
      the degree of enhancement depends on its context, i.e. the neighboring bases.
      Although the rules derived from this study are complex, the results show that
      mutations in any of the three bases preceding the start codon can strongly affect
      the translational efficiency of the beta-galactosidase mRNA.

PMID- 6425058
TI  - Immunoglobulin gene expression and DNA methylation in murine pre-B cell lines.
AB  - DNA modification accompanying immunoglobulin gene expression was examined in
      various Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed cell lines, which were
      able to differentiate from the mu- to mu+ stage or to undergo an isotype switch
      during in vitro culture. The C mu genes were relatively demethylated in the A
      MuLV-transformed cell lines examined irrespective of whether or not the C mu
      genes were expressed. Normal IgM-bearing B cells, as well as a T cell line, also
      showed a similar DNA methylation pattern and the C mu genes were relatively
      demethylated. In one of the mu+ clones, however, the expressed C mu gene was
      heavily methylated. The DNA methylation pattern did not change and remained
      hypermethylated before and after gamma 2b expression in the two cell lines which
      underwent class switch to gamma 2b during in vitro culture, suggesting that
      expression of the gamma 2b gene was not accompanied by demethylation of the C
      gamma 2b gene. Taken together, these results indicate that DNA demethylation
      within and around the CH gene may not be necessary for its expression.

PMID- 6425059
TI  - Enzyme activities in thoracic duct lymph and plasma of anaesthetized, conscious
      resting and exercising dogs.
AB  - The significance of changes in lymph flow for the extracellular distribution and
      transport of cellular enzymes and for the level of enzyme activities in plasma
      was investigated. Specimens of thoracic duct lymph were obtained from an
      extracorporal lymph shunt in anaesthetized, conscious resting and treadmill
      exercising dogs (6 km X h-1 for 1 h) The activity of 10 enzymes and of protein
      content in lymph and plasma were studied, as well as lymph flow, lymphatic
      transport, and the lymph-plasma ratio of these compounds. Lactate, pH, and blood
      gases were monitored in venous blood. Lymph flow of 0.80 ml X min-1 in
      anaesthetized dogs more than doubled (to 1.86 ml X min-1) when the animals were
      conscious and resting. In anaesthetized dogs lymph enzyme activity was higher
      only for enzymes of predominately hepatic origin, such as choline esterase (CHE)
      and alanine aminoferase (ALAT), and was lower for aspartate aminotransferase
      (ASAT) and aldolase (ALD). In conscious dogs, due to activation of the skeletal
      muscle "tissue pump", lymphatic transport of enzymes with rather high activity in
      skeletal muscle, and of protein, is significantly enhanced. Enzyme activities in
      plasma, however, did not differ between the groups. Lymph-plasma activity ratios
      higher than one were found for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase
      (MDH), ASAT, creatine kinase (CK), ALD, and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI).
      Exercise stimulated lymph flow up to 4.9 ml X min-1, and increased the lymphatic
      activities of those enzymes with a lymph-plasma ratio higher than unity, these
      enzymes increasing in the plasma due to the highly increased lymphatic
      transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425060
TI  - Factors necessary for the export process of colicin E1 across cytoplasmic
      membrane of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Factors necessary for the export process of colicin E1 across the cytoplasmic
      membrane of Escherichia coli were investigated. beta-Galactosidase activities
      from gene fusions between the colicin E1 and lacZ genes were recovered in the
      inner membrane fraction of E. coli when the region containing the internal signal
      like sequence of colicin E1 [M. Yamada et al. (1982) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
      79, 2827-2831] was present, but were found in the soluble fraction when the
      region was eliminated. The colicin E1 export was reduced upon insertion mutation
      in a gene that is located downstream from the colicin E1 gene in the same operon
      and responsible for mitomycin-C-induced killing of the host cell. A frame shift
      mutation of the colicin E1 plasmid was constructed to direct the protein which
      had lost the COOH-terminal 13 residues of original colicin E1 and was altered in
      6 residues of the new COOH-terminal portion. The aberrant colicin E1 that was
      inducibly synthesized remained inside the cells. These results indicate that
      colicin E1 is exported with the aid of a product of the downstream gene and that
      the COOH-terminal portion is necessary for the export. The binding of colicin E1
      to the cytoplasmic membrane through the internal signal-like sequence may be a
      step in the protein export process.

PMID- 6425061
TI  - Diamine-induced dissociation of the first component of human complement, C1.
AB  - Lysine has been shown to inhibit spontaneous and antibody-dependent C1
      activation. This paper demonstrates that lysine does not prevent autoactivation
      of purified C1r. 20 mM lysine, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4
      diaminobutane or 1,5-diaminopentane are able to dissociate C1 into its two
      entities, C1q and the calcium-dependent C1r2-C1s2 complex. Ig-ovalbumin insoluble
      complexes bearing C1 are also dissociated by lysine and the above-mentioned
      diamines used at the same concentration: C1q remains bound to the complexes
      whereas the C1r2-C1s2 complex is partially solubilized. The effect of lysine or
      diamines is not due to a competition with calcium for calcium-binding sites, as
      increasing concentrations of calcium even slightly increase the dissociation due
      to the amines. The dissociative effect is dependent on the carbon chain length of
      the diamines, with an optimum for 1,3-diaminopropane. It is also dependent on the
      relative 'cis-position' of the amino groups in the diamines. Polyamines such as
      spermine and spermidine are also able to dissociate C1 with even a higher
      efficiency than lysine and putrescine. Thus, a diamine-induced 'structural
      inhibition' of C1 is demonstrated, of potential interest for a pharmacological
      control of complement activation.

PMID- 6425062
TI  - Intracellular localization of factor VIII-related antigen and fibronectin in
      cultured human endothelial cells: evidence for divergent routes of intracellular
      translocation.
AB  - Cultured human endothelial cells synthesize and secrete both fibronectin and
      factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag). In immunofluorescence microscopy,
      intracellular fibronectin was seen diffusely perinuclearly whereas VIIIR:Ag was
      located both diffusely in the perinuclear cytoplasm and in distinct rod-shaped
      granules. These granules could, moreover, be visualized with fluorochrome-coupled
      Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA), which also stained the Golgi apparatus as a
      reticular juxtanuclear structure, and they were identified as Weibel-Palade
      bodies by immunoelectron microscopy. Puromycin treatment depleted intracellular
      fibronectin but did not affect the granular localization of VIIIR:Ag. A short
      exposure of the cells to monensin caused a juxtanuclear accumulation of
      fibronectin at the Golgi region whereas VIIIR:Ag only was seen in rounded
      cytoplasmic granules. A prolonged monensin treatment brought about a cytoplasmic
      accumulation of fibronectin-containing vesicles whereas VIIIR:Ag showed no
      accumulation and there was no codistribution between granules containing
      fibronectin or VIIIR:Ag. Type IV procollagen, on the other hand, was distinctly
      co-localized with fibronectin. In monensin-treated cells RCA mainly stained the
      VIIIR:Ag-containing vesicles whereas Concanavalin A (Con A) appeared to label the
      fibronectin-containing vesicles. Immunoelectron microscopy of these cells
      revealed VIIIR:Ag in some vacuolar structures and typical Weibel-Palade bodies
      could not be identified. Exposure of the cells to tunicamycin, on the other hand,
      caused a prominent cytoplasmic accumulation of VIIIR:Ag and, within 96 h, led to
      the disappearance of most of the VIIIR:Ag-positive granules but did not affect
      the intracellular distribution of fibronectin. These results, which show that
      metabolical inhibitors affect differently the intracellular compartmentalization
      of fibronectin and VIIIR:Ag, indicate, that the two glycoproteins have divergent
      intracellular pathways in cultured human endothelial cells.

PMID- 6425063
TI  - Serum free thyroxine: calculated and measured values.

PMID- 6425064
TI  - Deficiency of antithrombin III in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
AB  - In nine patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome, the plasma activity and plasma
      concentrations of antithrombin III were determined on admission to the hospital
      and during the clinical course of the disease. Hemodialysis was necessary in six
      of the patients. In seven children the plasma AT III activity was moderately to
      markedly below the lower limit of normal at 75%, and did not rise after
      plasmapheresis with fresh frozen plasma. Replacement therapy with AT III
      concentrate was started in these patients. During the first 2 days an average
      dose of AT III concentrate of 2.1 U/kg in 24 h was necessary to raise plasma AT
      III activity by 1%. No side effects were observed. An already pre-existing
      procoagulant status and the administration of heparin may lead to AT III
      deficiency in hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

PMID- 6425065
TI  - Role of metallothionein in cellular uptake and disposition of gold sodium
      thiomalate.
AB  - Rat liver and kidney tissue uptake of gold and its localization in the cytosol
      was studied following various doses of gold sodium thiomalate (GST). The
      timecourse of gold incorporation into intracellular gold-binding ligands
      following repeated injections of GST was also investigated (11 injections, one
      dose/week). Results show that between 30 and 60% of the hepatic and renal gold
      was localized in the cytosol over a wide range of GST doses. This was also true
      following repeated doses. In the kidney, the binding of gold to high molecular
      weight (HMW) proteins was saturated after the third GST dose, while incorporation
      into the metallothioneins (MT) continued to increase, accounting for as much as
      50% of cytosolic gold. On the other hand the binding to hepatic MT was about 10x
      lower, and the proportion of cytosolic gold incorporated into the MT, decreased
      from 30% (after first 3 GST injections) to about 15% (following the last 3
      injections). The results show that the stimulation of MT biosynthesis in
      different tissues as a response to the injected GST is not the same and varies
      within each organ with the dose and/or the duration of repeated exposure. In the
      liver, the ability of gold to induce MT synthesis was limited and the importance
      of MT in the cellular uptake and disposition of gold may largely be confined to
      the kidneys. It is suggested that besides playing a possible role in the
      detoxification of cellular gold, particularly in the kidney, MT may also
      contribute towards the retention and localization of gold in the tissues.

PMID- 6425066
TI  - The anticonvulsant effect of the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788: an EEG
      study in 4 cases.
AB  - An EEG study was carried out in 4 epileptic patients. In each case, Ro 15-1788
      caused the disappearance or marked reduction of the epileptic potentials. In 1
      case the patient had been pretreated with diazepam; in the other cases there had
      been no prior benzodiazepine treatment. In the first case, it is possible that Ro
      15-1788 acted by abolishing a paradoxical effect of diazepam; in the other cases,
      we postulate an intrinsic anticonvulsant effect of Ro 15-1788. This investigation
      would suggest further study of Ro 15-1788 in epileptic patients for clarification
      of its anticonvulsant properties. In addition, evaluation of its action on the
      sedation caused by benzodiazepine antiepileptic medication is suggested.

PMID- 6425067
TI  - Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies in
      rheumatoid arthritis: distribution in patients untreated and treated by oral gold
      therapy.
AB  - The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was determined in peripheral blood (PB)
      of two groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by using monoclonal
      antibodies (OKT). In untreated patients the percentage of OKT4+ cells
      (helper/inducer) was found to be significantly increased as compared to healthy
      controls. In patients receiving oral gold therapy a similar increase in OKT4+
      cells was confirmed; furthermore, these patients showed a significant decrease in
      OKT8+ cell population (cytotoxic/suppressor) compared to untreated patients and
      to normal controls. A small numerical superimposition of values of OKT4+ and
      OKT8+ lymphocytes was observed in untreated but not in treated patients.

PMID- 6425068
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism and thyrotropin secretion in vitro.
AB  - We investigated the role of arachidonic acid and certain of its metabolic
      products in the control of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in vitro. Phospholipase A2
      and 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA), which increase the
      intracellular availability of arachidonic acid, potently stimulated TSH release
      from anterior pituitary cells continuously perifused in columns and from
      hemipituitary glands in vitro. The effect was dose-dependent and reversible.
      Conversely, quinacrine (50 microM), an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 activity,
      inhibited basal and stimulated TSH release from pituitary cells perifused in
      columns. Exogenous arachidonic acid (1-100 microM) did not produce any
      significant effect on TSH release from hemipituitary glands in vitro.
      Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a specific inhibitor of the lipoxygenase
      pathway, dose-dependently inhibited basal TSH release from anterior pituitary
      glands incubated in vitro. Moreover, 50 microM NDGA antagonized the stimulatory
      effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), phospholipase A2 and PMA on TSH
      release. BW755c, another lipoxygenase inhibitor, also inhibited TRH-stimulated
      TSH secretion. In contrast, 10-100 microM indomethacin, a potent blocker of the
      cyclooxygenase pathway, did not significantly modify either basal or TRH
      stimulated TSH secretion from hemipituitary glands in vitro. These data suggest
      that arachidonic acid metabolism is involved in TSH secretion in vitro, although
      incubation of pituitary glands with the fatty acid did not apparently modify in
      our conditions basal TSH secretion. The eventual effect of arachidonate appears
      to be at least partially due to the action of its lipoxygenase pathway products.

PMID- 6425069
TI  - Role of calcium in the insulin-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse
      mammary gland in vitro.
AB  - The role of extracellular Ca2+ in the control of DNA synthesis in mouse mammary
      tissue was studied using mammary gland explants maintained under chemically
      defined conditions in vitro. Chelation of calcium with ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta
      aminoethyl ether) or omission of Ca2+ from the incubation media substantially
      reduced both basal and insulin-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into
      DNA. Addition of calcium to the Ca2+-deficient media restored DNA synthesis;
      other divalent cations could not be substituted for calcium. Insulin reduced by 5
      fold the calcium concentration required to achieve half-maximal stimulation of
      DNA synthesis in explants, thus indicating that the Ca2+-related process may be
      involved in the mechanism by which insulin exerts its effect on cell
      multiplication. Evidence is presented that in mammary gland explants, calcium
      does not stimulate DNA synthesis by action on the thymidine pool size. Neither
      calcium nor insulin showed any effect on the activity of thymidine kinase in the
      mammary gland explants. On the other hand, calcium ions were shown to be
      necessary to maintain the activity of DNA polymerase-alpha, the enzyme involved
      in nuclear DNA replication.

PMID- 6425070
TI  - An investigation of adhesion and detachment in slime mould amoebae using columns
      of hydrophobic beads.
AB  - Vegetative amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum (strain AX2) adhere to columns of
      hydrophobic beads (Bio-Beads SM-2) which have been coated with axenic growth
      medium. This binding is blocked by sodium azide and other inhibitors of aerobic
      respiration. Bound cells are not detached by lowering the temperature but they
      can be eluted from the column by including azide in the medium. However, this
      effect is critically influenced by temperature. The elution profiles become
      progressively shallower as the temperature is lowered. The profiles represent a
      set of probability distributions whose means and variances increase with
      decreasing temperature. Below 20 degrees C, the mean time to cell detachment is a
      linear function of temperature. A statistical model of this azide-stimulated
      detachment has been developed which closely predicts the real data. It assumes
      that each amoeba has k binding sites whose stochastically independent behaviour
      is governed by a parameter theta; the mean time to detachment of each site is
      1/theta. Both parameters have been estimated. The value of k is close to 3 and
      does not vary with temperature below 20 degrees C. In contrast, theta varies in
      such a way that the value of 1/theta increases linearly with decreasing
      temperature, so paralleling the behaviour of the mean cell detachment time.

PMID- 6425071
TI  - Electron-dense endoplasmic reticulum-like profiles closely associated with
      mitochondria in glomus cells of the carotid body after fixation with oxalate.
AB  - Fixation in the presence of oxalate was used to demonstrate the electron-dense
      Ca2+ precipitates in the endoplasmic reticulum in glomus cells of the carotid
      body. Glomus cells in intact carotid bodies or cells dissociated from the organ
      by treatment with collagenase were studied electron microscopically. In the
      intact organ as well as in dissociated glomus cells, electron-dense endoplasmic
      reticulum-like profiles were seen closely associated with mitochondria, while
      these lacked reaction product. The interspace between mitochondria was occupied
      by electron-dense, slightly distended ER, which appeared to contact the outer
      membrane of the mitochondria. Occasionally, a mitochondrion was in contact with
      several ER profiles or the ER formed an electron-dense 'cap' on the
      mitochondrion. The electron-dense precipitates could be removed from ultrathin
      sections with the calcium chelator ethyleneglycol-2(2-aminoethyl tetra-acetic
      acid) (EGTA). It is tentatively suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum could be
      involved in intracellular buffering of Ca2+ in the glomus cell, as has been
      previously suggested for neurons.

PMID- 6425072
TI  - Mechanism of autodegradation of cell-surface macromolecules shed by human
      melanoma cells.
AB  - The mechanism of autodegradation of cell-surface macromolecules shed by human
      melanoma cells was studied by incubating radio-iodinated shed macromolecules with
      unlabeled sister cells and measuring the appearance of acid-soluble
      radioactivity. After a preliminary latent period of 1-3 h, degradation
      continually increased up to 24 h and was concentration-dependent. By contrast,
      binding to cells was very rapid reaching half-maximal value within 15 min.
      Autodegradation was markedly reduced (44-82%) by pharmacological agents which
      interfere with endocytosis or lysosomal enzyme activity, including drugs which
      inhibit receptor migration into coated pits (dansylcadaverine), endocytosis and
      intracellular transport (colchicine, cytochalasin B, and monensin), and the
      activity of lysosomal enzymes (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, leupeptin).
      Degradation was almost totally suppressed (95%) at 4 degrees C. These data
      suggest that surface macromolecules shed by melanoma cells are autodegraded in
      part by re-uptake into melanoma cells followed by degradation in lysosomes.

PMID- 6425073
TI  - Age-related changes in non-enzymatic glycosylation of human basement membranes.
AB  - Age and diabetes-related changes in the extent of non-enzymatic glycosylation of
      two anatomically distinct human basement membranes were examined. The amount of
      glucose in ketoamine linkage to glomerular basement membrane, measured by the
      thiobarbituric acid reaction, correlated positively and significantly with age.
      For analysis of lens capsule basement membrane, adsorption to agarose-linked
      phenylboronate was used. The ability of this resin to completely discriminate non
      glycosylated from glycosylated residues was first documented by separating
      synthetic preparations of radioactive glucitol-lysine and glucitol-hydroxylysine,
      the glucosylamines formed with non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen, from the
      respective free amino acids by affinity chromatography on and batch adsorption to
      phenylboronate. The extent of non-enzymatic glycosylation of lens capsule
      basement membranes correlated with age in both non-diabetic and diabetic samples,
      and the slopes of the lines for age versus glycosylation were similar in both
      groups. The calculated line for diabetic specimens, however, was displaced about
      15 years to the left, compatible with premature aging. The results indicate that
      non-enzymatic glycosylation can be accurately assessed in minute amounts of
      tissue by phenylboronate adsorption, and provide evidence that human basement
      membrane is subject to increased glycosylation with aging and diabetes.

PMID- 6425074
TI  - Habituation failure of skin conductance response after intraventricular
      administration of 6-hydroxydopamine in cats.
AB  - The effects of intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine on
      electrodermal activity were studied in cats. The treatment slowed down or
      eliminated habituation of the skin conductance response to repeated auditory
      stimuli. However, the impairment of habituation was not accompanied by an
      increase in the rate of spontaneous skin conductance fluctuation.

PMID- 6425075
TI  - Purification and properties of ornithine aminotransferase from rat brain.
AB  - Ornithine aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.13) from rat brain was purified 100-fold
      by ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE cellulose chromatography, calcium
      phosphate gel and alumina C gamma gel. Pyridoxal phosphate was essential for
      maximum activity of the enzyme. The brain enzyme did not differ from liver and
      kidney enzymes in properties such as pH optimum, Km, substrate specificity and
      the inhibition by branched chain amino acids. Unlike rat liver enzyme, brain
      ornithine aminotransferase was able to catalyze the reaction between L-lysine and
      2-oxoglutarate. Spermidine and spermine inhibited brain ornithine
      aminotransferase activity.

PMID- 6425076
TI  - Effect of insulin on the synthesis and release of lipid peroxide by cultured
      hepatocytes isolated from normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - Lipid peroxide content in hepatocytes isolated from ketotic diabetic rats was
      higher than normal, and the release of peroxide into the media was also elevated
      for the initial 18 h. Insulin suppressed both peroxide release and synthesis by
      cultured hepatocytes isolated from normal and from diabetic rats.

PMID- 6425077
TI  - Protoplasts and spheroplasts of gram-negative bacteria (with special emphasis on
      Proteus mirabilis).

PMID- 6425078
TI  - [Pharmacological action on the thromboxane and prostacyclin balance in the body].

PMID- 6425079
TI  - Researches on antibacterial and antifungal agents. II - Synthesis of 1-ethyl-1,4
      dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, a novel highly
      active, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent related to piromidic acid.
AB  - The synthesis and antibacterial activities of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1
      pyrrolidinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid are reported. The new analog of
      nalidixic acid has been prepared by standard procedure starting from 1-(3
      aminophenyl)pyrrole; it showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and
      exhibited much higher activity than nalidixic, pipemidic and piromidic acids. The
      synthesis of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-8-(1-pyrrolyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
      is also described; this acid was inactive when tested as antibacterial agent.

PMID- 6425080
TI  - Inhibition of norepinephrine- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction on rat
      aorta by dihydroergocristine.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tyramine (Tyr) elicited
      concentration-related contractile responses on rat aorta strips. The maximum
      contractile responses evoked by 5-HT and NE were comparable; on the contrary the
      maximum response induced by Tyr was only 50% that of NE. Pretreatment with
      reserpine failed to modify the concentration-response curve for both Tyr and 5
      HT. 5-HT concentration-response curves antagonized competitively by methysergide,
      5-HT may be assumed to act directly on 5-HT receptors. The concentration-response
      curve for NE was shifted to the right by dihydroergocristine (DHEC) and, at least
      in a certain dose range, the observed agonist-antagonist interaction fulfilled
      the condition for competitive antagonism. With higher doses a decrease of the
      maximum response was obtained. DHEC antagonized 5-HT in a non competitive manner,
      shifting to the right and flattening the dose-response curves of this agonist.
      The doses needed to obtain such anti-5-HT effect are not too far from those
      giving alpha-adrenolytic effects.

PMID- 6425081
TI  - The interaction of Bacillus protoplasts with sonicated phosphatidylcholine
      liposomes.
AB  - When protoplasts from Bacillus subtilis are incubated with sonicated liposomes
      made from egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine, this phospholipid is incorporated into
      the protoplast membranes. Biochemical, fluorescence and ultrastructural data
      suggest that incorporation occurs through membrane fusion.

PMID- 6425082
TI  - Effects of bovine parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the
      production of prostaglandins by cells derived from human bone.
AB  - Local production of prostaglandins by osteoblasts may be important in controlling
      the bone resorbing activity of some hormones which have receptors on osteoblasts.
      We have demonstrated that osteoblast-like cells derived from human bone can
      incorporate [14C]arachidonic acid into phospholipids and synthesise
      immunoreactive PGE. Parathyroid hormone increases both the release of
      incorporated arachidonic acid and the synthesis of PGE. This is the first
      demonstration of modulation of bone cell prostaglandin synthesis by a bone
      resorbing hormone.

PMID- 6425083
TI  - Embryonic chick cartilage collagens. Differences in the low-Mr species present in
      sternal cartilage and tibiotarsal articular cartilage.
AB  - The collagenous polypeptides present in embryonic chick sternal and tibiotarsal
      cartilages have been solubilised by digestion with pepsin and separated by salt
      fractionation. Type II collagen, 1 alpha 2 alpha 3 alpha collagen, and two
      polypeptides (apparent molecular mass 150 and 42 kDa), which were reducible to a
      number of smaller peptides, were extracted from both tissues. However, also
      present in the peptic digests of tibiotarsal cartilages was a major non-reducible
      highly-soluble polypeptide of 45 kDa. This short-chain collagen is apparently
      identical to the pepsinized product of G collagen (Mr 59 000), a major low-Mr
      procollagen-like species previously detected in chick chondrocyte cultures.

PMID- 6425084
TI  - Phase behavior of isolated photoreceptor membrane lipids is modulated by bivalent
      cations.
AB  - The phase behavior of isolated photoreceptor membrane lipids is further
      investigated by 31P-NMR, in view of earlier discrepant results [(1979) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 558, 330-337; (1982) FEBS Lett. 124, 93-99]. We present evidence
      that the discrepancy is due to bivalent cations. When resuspended in aqueous
      media at neutral pH in the absence of bivalent cations, the isolated
      photoreceptor membrane lipids largely adopt the bilayer configuration. However,
      upon addition of such cations (Ca2+ greater than Mg2+) or when resuspended in
      their presence, the formation of other phases (hexagonal H11, lipidic particles)
      results. The rate of this transition depends on cation concentration and
      temperature. The transition is not easily reversed by addition of EDTA.
      Implications with regard to photoreceptor membrane structure and function need
      further study.

PMID- 6425085
TI  - [Prevention of meningococcal infection].

PMID- 6425086
TI  - Preliminary report about a modified gonadotropin (human menopausal
      gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin) treatment in infertile patients with
      premature luteinization.
AB  - Premature luteinization is a frequent phenomenon observed in infertile women
      undergoing human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG)
      therapy for corpus luteum insufficiency or anovulatory cycles. By inducing
      hyperprolactinemia in these women with sulpiride, we intended to create a
      dysfunctional state in these women, which supposedly induces a better reaction to
      hMG/hCG therapy. The rationale behind this combined treatment was the observation
      that hyperprolactinemic amenorrheic patients have a much higher pregnancy rate
      under hMG/hCG treatment than the above group. Three cases are reported in detail,
      illustrating the altered ovarian response to combined sulpiride-hMG/hCG
      treatment. Of 60 infertile women with repeated premature luteinization, 12
      conceived after sulpiride-hMG/hCG therapy. Their expected pregnancy rate would
      have been very low (5% or less) if conventional hMG/hCG treatment had been
      continued.

PMID- 6425087
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia in polycystic ovary syndrome.
AB  - With the use of multiple blood sampling, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in
      150 consecutive patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) was found to be
      17%. To further compare these two groups of PCO patients, the pituitary responses
      to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the
      adrenal responses to dexamethasone suppression and adrenocorticotropic hormone
      stimulation were evaluated in 40 normoprolactinemic and 10 hyperprolactinemic PCO
      patients. Adrenal and pituitary perturbation tests were normal in both groups of
      PCO patients. Besides the higher levels of prolactin, the hyperprolactinemic
      patients also had higher blood levels of thyrotropin and testosterone, a higher
      luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, lower levels of follicle
      stimulating hormone, and lower follicle-stimulating hormone responses to
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that
      in some cases, the pathogenesis of PCO may be due to a central deficiency in
      dopaminergic activity at the basal hypothalamus. The hyperprolactinemia observed
      in a significant number of PCO patients may reflect a greater deficiency of
      hypothalamic dopamine, as manifested by the basal elevations of both prolactin
      and thyrotropin levels.

PMID- 6425088
TI  - Pituitary gonadotropin responses to different modes and doses of intravenous
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration in normal men.
AB  - In 22 potentially fertile men, pituitary gonadotropin secretion was investigated
      by intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) administration. LH
      RH was administered continuously (1 microgram/minute) and in a pulsatile fashion
      (20 micrograms at 20-minute intervals, 20 micrograms at 60-minute intervals, and
      60 micrograms at 60-minute intervals), for 3 hours, under standardized
      conditions. Blood was collected continuously by means of an integrated sampling
      technique. The mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration after any type
      of pulsatile administration rose significantly more than after continuous LH-RH
      administration. The mean increase in LH after pulsatile LH-RH administration with
      a 60-micrograms dose and 60-minute intervals was significantly greater than after
      pulsatile administration with a 20-micrograms dose and 20- or 60-minute
      intervals. No differences were observed in follicle-stimulating hormone responses
      after any type of LH-RH administration. These data confirm the existence of a
      self-priming effect for LH in the men; and maximum pituitary stimulation, within
      the dosage range tested, is reached after pulsatile LH-RH stimulation with an
      interval of 60 minutes.

PMID- 6425089
TI  - Pulmonary aspiration and tube feedings: nursing implications.

PMID- 6425090
TI  - An unusual case of carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 6425091
TI  - [Xanthoma, neurofibromatosis and leukemia in children].
AB  - A 14-month-old boy with neurofibromatosis and skin xanthomas associated with
      normal lipemia is described. Acute lymphocytic leukemia complication and its
      connection with the cutaneous disease are discussed.

PMID- 6425092
TI  - Regulation of hormone-responsive Sertoli cell adenylyl cyclase in a cell-free
      system.
AB  - Homologous desensitization of either FSH- or isoproterenol-responsive adenylyl
      cyclases in Sertoli cell membranes can be achieved in a cell-free system.
      Incubation of membrane particles from cultured immature Sertoli cells with either
      FSH or isoproterenol resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent loss of
      subsequent adenylyl cyclase response to the homologous hormone. Half-maximal
      refractoriness was achieved within 20-30 min of incubation. The concentration of
      FSH required to obtain half-maximal loss of adenylyl cyclase response (400 ng/ml)
      was in the same order of magnitude as the apparent Km for FSH-stimulated adenylyl
      cyclase activity (300 ng/ml). Hormone-induced homologous desensitization was
      dependent on the presence of both ATP and Mg2+. Increasing concentrations of ATP
      in the presence of FSH caused a concentration-dependent loss of subsequent
      response to the homologous hormone. Half-maximal desensitization was achieved at
      an ATP concentration of 0.2 mM. Increasing concentrations of Mg2+ in the presence
      of either FSH or isoproterenol caused desensitization for the homologous hormone.
      The concentration of Mg2+ giving half-maximal effect was approximately 5 mM in
      excess of ATP and EDTA. However, higher concentrations of free Mg2+, in the
      absence of hormone, caused desensitization of both FSH- and isoproterenol
      sensitive adenylyl cyclase with half-maximal effect at approximately 30 mM.
      Hormone-specific desensitization was obtained in the presence of GTP. However,
      when GTP was substituted with the non-hydrolysable analogue GMPP(NH)P the
      hormonal activation remained constant throughout 90 min of incubation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425093
TI  - Different sodium requirements for 86Rb efflux and for growth hormone and
      prolactin secretion from bovine anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - The sodium dependence of growth hormone and prolactin secretion and of 86Rb
      efflux from bovine anterior pituitary cells in response to acetylcholine and TRH
      was examined. Decreasing the external sodium concentration prevented the
      increases in the rates of 86Rb efflux and of growth hormone secretion caused by
      acetylcholine, or by TRH in the presence of IBMX. The growth hormone secretory
      response was less sensitive to sodium removal than was 86Rb efflux. However, even
      complete removal of extracellular sodium did not affect TRH-induced prolactin
      secretion. Ouabain and low extracellular potassium, which inhibit the sodium pump
      and increase intracellular sodium, prolonged the secretion of growth hormone in
      response to acetylcholine, but TRH-induced prolactin secretion was not affected.
      Inhibition of the sodium pump speeded the decline in the 86Rb efflux rate
      following stimulation by both acetylcholine and TRH. The results suggest that a
      sodium-dependent step is necessary for the efflux of 86Rb and for growth hormone
      secretion but not for prolactin secretion. The possible relationship between 86Rb
      efflux and hormone secretion from lactotrophs and somatotrophs is discussed.

PMID- 6425094
TI  - Transformations of sperm nuclei incorporated into sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata)
      embryos at different stages of the cell cycle.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that regulators of male pronuclear development
      may have a more general role, sharing some relation to factors involved with the
      cell cycle, Arbacia zygotes and 2- to 8-cell stage embryos were inseminated
      during different phases of the cell cycle and examined by light and electron
      microscopy. Differences in the development and morphology of fertilization cones
      and sperm asters were observed in embryos inseminated during different stages of
      the cell cycle. Extremely large fertilization cones, approximately four times the
      length of those found in fertilized eggs, formed in embryos inseminated during
      metaphase to telophase. Sperm asters developed only in embryos inseminated during
      prophase to anaphase. These variations are believed to reflect changes in the
      status of the cortex and cytoskeletal system of the embryo. Although sperm nuclei
      underwent morphological changes subsequent to incorporation, in general, they
      failed to develop into male pronuclei. There was a consistent correlation in
      sperm nuclear transformations and the cell cycle which was expressed in two
      patterns of morphogenesis: (1) sperm nuclei incorporated into embryos just prior
      to prophase and at telophase failed, for the most part, to disperse and
      transformed into aggregations of chromatin granules approximately 40 nm in
      diameter; and (2) sperm nuclei incorporated into prometaphase-anaphase embryos
      dispersed and then condensed into chromatin masses, morphologically similar to
      chromosomes of the embryo. Evidence is discussed which indicates that following
      the normal period of fertilization changes occur in the zygote, rendering it
      unable to fully support the transformation of sperm nuclei into male pronuclei.

PMID- 6425095
TI  - Developmental analysis of the grandchildless (gs(1)N26) mutation in Drosophila
      melanogaster: abnormal cleavage patterns and defects in pole cell formation.
AB  - This article describes developmental analysis of gs(1)N26 mutation. gs(1)N26 is a
      temperature-sensitive maternal-effect mutation affecting the formation of the
      germ line (Y. Niki and M. Okada, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 190, 1-10,
      1981). At 25 degrees C, the cleavage nuclei do not divide synchronously and show
      various degrees of retarded migration to the posterior region. Blastoderm nuclei
      show antero-posterior mitotic waves; posterior yolk nuclei also are reduced in
      number at this stage. Pole cells form only when the cleavage nuclei migrate
      directly to the posterior pole. In fact, the posterior region of young eggs
      presents the usual ultrastructural features, and it is also able to participate
      in the formation of pole cells, as was proven by cytoplasmic transfer
      experiments. Therefore the defects in blastogenesis, in particular in the
      formation of pole cells of gs(1)N26 embryos, appear to result from the delayed
      migration of cleavage nuclei to the posterior pole.

PMID- 6425096
TI  - The differential appearance of neurofilament triplet polypeptides in the
      developing rat optic nerve.
AB  - The ontogenetic appearance of the individual triplet polypeptides that comprise
      mammalian neurofilaments was studied in the developing rat optic nerve. Triton
      insoluble cytoskeletal preparations from the optic nerves of rats of postnatal
      ages 1 Day (P1), 6 days (P6), 10 days (P10), 20 days (P20), and 3 months (adult)
      were analyzed for protein composition by one and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Results indicate that at P1, both the 150- and 68-kDa
      neurofilament subunit proteins are present. The 200-kDa subunit first becomes
      discernible at P20, but, at this age, it is still present in considerably less
      quantity than in the adult. Immunocytochemical verification of the presence of
      neurofilament protein was accomplished by staining tissue sections with specific
      antibodies against the 150- and the 68-kDa neurofilament subunits using the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Results of the morphological analyses have
      shown that neurofilaments are not present in quantity until P10, which coincides
      with the time when the 68-kDa subunit increases in quantity by one dimensional
      gel analysis. Thus, the 150- and 68-kDa subunits can be detected prior to the
      appearance of neurofilaments, and the 200-kDa protein is not observed until
      sometime later. The potential physiological significance of the differential
      subunit transport is discussed with respect to neuronal differentiation in the
      developing mammalian CNS.

PMID- 6425097
TI  - Appearance of distinct types of proteoglycan in a well-defined temporal and
      spatial pattern during early cartilage formation in the chick limb.
AB  - Our recent studies have shown that chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage synthesizes
      three distinct species of proteoglycan (PG-H, PG-Lb, and PG-Lt) which are
      analogous in having glycosaminoglycan side chains of the chondroitin (dermatan)
      sulfate type but different from one another in regard to the structure of core
      protein. In the present report, the expression of PG-H and PG-Lb has been studied
      in developing chick hind limbs (stages 19-33), using antibodies specific for
      these substances in indirect immunofluorescence. At the onset of cartilage
      morphogenesis (stage 24), PG-H became recognizable in the cartilage primordia,
      whereas a parallel section stained for PG-Lb showed no reaction. The first
      evidence of PG-Lb appearance was seen in a stage 28 cartilage (e.g., tibia) in
      which the cells in the middiaphysis became elongated in a direction perpendicular
      to the long axis of the cartilage. The PG-Lb fluorescence was confined to the
      zone of these flattened, disc-like cells, whereas the fluorescence for PG-H was
      uniformly distributed throughout the cartilage. With further development of
      cartilage (stage 29 approximately), the zone of flattened cells spread proximally
      and distally, and simultaneously large hypertrophied cells appeared at the
      diaphyseal region. During these zonal changes of cell morphology, the PG-Lb
      fluorescence remained restricted to the zone of flattened cells. Parallel
      sections stained for PG-H, in contrast, showed an evenly distributed pattern of
      the PG-H fluorescence throughout the cartilage. The results indicate that the
      appearance of PG-Lb is closely associated with the zonal changes of cell shape
      and orientation along the proximal-distal axis of the developing limb cartilage,
      and further suggest that the flattened chondrocytes in this particular zone have
      undergone additional changes in gene expression to form an extracellular matrix
      of still another chemical property.

PMID- 6425098
TI  - Cell proliferation and DNA replication in the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Cell proliferation in the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila has been analyzed by
      both pulse and chronic labeling with [3H]thymidine. We find neither spatial nor
      temporal variation in the fraction of S phase cells during the third instar. At
      or near the time of white prepupae formation the fraction of S phase cells falls
      sharply. Our chronic labeling experiments have demonstrated that almost all (and
      perhaps all) of the cells in a mid third instar wing disc are cycling. By
      examining sectioned material from such experiments we have found that the
      collumnar epithelial cell and the adepithetial cell populations become labeled
      with similar kinetics. The peripodial membrane cell population becomes labeled
      more slowly. We have also obtained estimates of cell cycle parameters for the
      imaginal wing disc cells.

PMID- 6425099
TI  - Analysis of metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster: characterization of giant,
      an ecdysteroid-deficient mutant.
AB  - The mutant allele giant of Drosophila melanogaster affects the timing and the
      level of increase in ecdysteroid titer normally occurring at puparium formation.
      The third larval instar is extended by 4 days in phenotypically "giant"
      individuals during which the imaginal discs mature slower than normal and finally
      take on the folding pattern characteristic of maturity at a time when normal
      individuals have already formed puparia. After puparium formation, development
      occurs at the same rate in giant and wild-type animals. Feeding 20
      hydroxyecdysone at 94 hr after oviposition allows giant larvae to develop at the
      same rate as wild-type larvae and to produce normal-sized adults (although at 94
      hr the imaginal discs of giant lack much of the folding pattern of mature discs).
      Radioimmunological determination of ecdysteroid titers in giant and normal
      individuals indicates that the peak of ecdysteroid activity associated with
      puparium formation is lower in giant and occurs 4 days later than normal. These
      results indicate that giant is an ecdysteroid-deficient mutant with major effects
      on metamorphosis. Unlike previously reported ecdysteroid-deficient mutants,
      however, giant larvae eventually develop into adults and may be induced to
      undergo complete metamorphosis at the same time as wild type by feeding 20
      hydroxyecdysone.

PMID- 6425100
TI  - Canada develops national long-term care guidelines.

PMID- 6425101
TI  - Increased arachidonic acid incorporation into platelet phospholipids in type 2
      (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Arachidonic acid uptake activity was measured in platelets obtained from 27 Type
      2 diabetic patients and 18 age-matched control subjects. In both groups after 1 h
      incubation almost all the incorporated 14C-arachidonic acid was located in the
      phospholipids of the platelets. Arachidonic acid was predominantly incorporated
      into phosphatidylcholine. The radioactivity incorporated into platelets increased
      linearly with incubation time, up to 90 min. The linear increase was observed at
      arachidonic acid concentrations of 0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml in both groups. The rate
      of incorporation of radioactivity in diabetic platelets was about 1.4 times
      higher than that in control platelets at all arachidonic acid concentrations
      studied. The arachidonic acid uptake activity of diabetic platelets (577 +/- 26
      ng/60 min per 10(9) platelets) was significantly higher than that in control
      platelets (410 +/- 26 ng/60 min per 10(9) platelets). No significant correlations
      were found between the arachidonic acid uptake activity and fasting plasma
      glucose, total cholesterol or triglyceride levels. The arachidonic acid uptake
      activity of platelets was significantly higher in diabetic patients with
      proliferative retinopathy than in those with little or no background retinopathy.
      In addition, there were no significant differences between control and diabetic
      subjects in the uptake activity of platelets for linoleic acid and oleic acid.
      These data may explain the elevated arachidonic acid content in diabetic platelet
      phospholipids and enhancement of thromboxane synthesis in diabetes.

PMID- 6425102
TI  - [Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6425103
TI  - Portal-systemic shunting and the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in the rat.
AB  - A hemodynamic response to oral nitroglycerin has been used recently to estimate
      the extent of portal systemic shunts in humans. We studied the hemodynamic
      effects of this drug in the rat with partial portal vein ligation, a model in
      which portal hypertension develops and the extent of portal-systemic collaterals
      can be measured. Two to ten days after the initial procedure, shunted and sham
      operated controls received a continuous infusion of nitroglycerin into a jugular
      vein, the ileocolic vein, or intrajejunally. The response of systolic arterial
      pressure to intravenous nitroglycerin was similar in shunted and sham animals.
      The cumulative dose-response curve showed an earlier and more pronounced response
      in shunted rats receiving nitroglycerin intraportally, suggesting a marked
      increase in bioavailability. When the arterial response to nitroglycerin, infused
      intraportally at 1 microgram/kg X min, was compared to the extent of ileocolic
      shunting, measured with radioactive microspheres, a close correlation (r = 0.84)
      was seen; shunting values ranged from 0% (sham) to 97%. Additionally, in shunted
      rats a more pronounced response to intraportal, compared to intrajejunal,
      infusion suggested a contribution of the intestine to the first-pass elimination
      of the drug. The bioavailability of intraportal and intrajejunal nitroglycerin is
      influenced by the extent of portal systemic collaterals. A significant reduction
      in portal vein pressure in response to nitroglycerin seen in this animal model
      supports its testing as a therapeutic agent in portal hypertension.

PMID- 6425104
TI  - In vivo observation of the lymphatic system in the rat stomach.
AB  - The anatomy of the lymphatic system in the rat stomach was studied by means of
      fluorescent in vivo microscopy. A fluorescein-albumin conjugate was injected via
      a micropipette into the mucosa, submucosa, or muscularis externa. The movement of
      the conjugate was visualized using a closed-circuit television system. When
      injected into the base of the mucosa, the conjugate was seen to flow from the
      deposited pool. These fluorescent streams, 21-53 micron in diameter, formed a
      network in the base of the mucosa and superficial submucosa. They were in close
      approximation to, but separate from, the arterioles and venules. These
      fluorescent channels are probably lymphatic microvessels, as they were connected
      to larger lymphatic vessels running parallel to the large arterioles and venules
      in the deep submucosa. These larger lymphatic vessels passed through the
      muscularis externa and drained into extragastric lymphatic vessels on the lesser
      or greater curvature. There was no network of lymphatic microvessels in the deep
      submucosa or muscularis externa. The extragastric lymphatic vessels, 50-340
      micron in diameter, had valves and displayed spontaneous contractions, moving the
      conjugate toward the lymph nodes.

PMID- 6425105
TI  - Effects of semisynthetic diets on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activity and
      morphology of small intestinal mucosa in humans.
AB  - We studied the effects of semisynthetic (elemental) diets on the function and
      morphology of the human small intestine. The enzymatic capacity of the intestinal
      mucosa to metabolize lipophilic xenobiotics was investigated using jejunal biopsy
      specimens from 15 normal subjects who were on an isocaloric, nutritionally
      balanced semisynthetic diet for 7 days and thereafter on a normal home diet. Each
      subject underwent biopsy twice: on day 7 of semisynthetic diet and again on home
      diet 2-6 wk later. The jejunal mucosal tissue was examined by histologic
      morphometry and stereomicroscopy. Moreover, 25-50 mg of the biopsy material was
      homogenized and the following enzyme activities were determined in 20,000 g
      supernatant: for cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity with 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (EOD) and with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome c reductase and for conjugation activity with 1
      naphthol glucuronyltransferase (NGT). The NGT and reductase activities were
      unchanged by the dietary alterations. However, the EOD activity was significantly
      depressed on semisynthetic diet and rose to control range on home diet (from 5.3
      +/- 2.5 to 12.4 +/- 8.6 pmol/min X 10 mg wet wt). Male subjects had significantly
      higher EOD activities than female subjects on semisynthetic diet (6.6 +/- 2.3 vs.
      3.2 +/- 0.9) as well as on home diet (16.3 +/- 9.0 vs. 6.4 +/- 3.0).
      Semisynthetic diet also reduced the jejunal villous height significantly when
      compared with home diet (408 +/- 49 vs. 373 +/- 44 micron). Therefore, on
      semisynthetic diet the toxicity of dietary xenobiotics that are inactivated by
      the intestinal mucosa may be increased.

PMID- 6425106
TI  - Efficacy of a synthetic dipeptide mixture as the source of amino acids for total
      parenteral nutrition in a subhuman primate (baboon). Plasma concentration,
      metabolic clearance, and urinary excretion of a series of dipeptides.
AB  - To assess the efficacy and safety of oligopeptides as substrates for total
      parenteral nutrition, we investigated the effects of intravenous infusion of a
      synthetic dipeptide mixture, as compared with a corresponding amino acid mixture,
      on a range of parameters of nutrition, metabolism, and organ function in baboons.
      In all respects the two periods of total parenteral nutrition, each lasting for 1
      wk, were identical except for the difference between the forms of amino acids in
      the parenteral solutions, being in free form in one period and in dipeptide form
      in the other. The dipeptide mixture was composed of a series of 12 dipeptides
      each containing glycine in the N-terminal position and either an essential or
      nonessential amino acid in the carboxyl position. The infusion of the dipeptide
      mixture and the amino acid mixture had similar effects on parameters of protein
      nutrition (e.g., nitrogen balance, plasma aminogram, urinary excretion of 3
      methylhistidine) and metabolism (such as plasma concentrations of insulin,
      glucose, lipids). During infusion of the dipeptide mixture, rapid metabolic
      clearance resulted in a barely detectable concentration of most dipeptides in
      plasma. Total loss of dipeptides was 1.3% +/- 0.1% of the infused amount. The
      functions of liver, kidney, bone marrow, and the immune system remained the same
      before and during the two periods of treatment. In conclusion, the data showed
      that (a) there was efficient utilization of dipeptides when infused as a mixture
      and (b) parameters of nutrition, metabolism, and organ function were well
      maintained after 1 wk of total parenteral nutrition with the dipeptide mixture
      acting as the sole nitrogen source.

PMID- 6425107
TI  - Megacolon and neurofibromatosis: a neuronal intestinal dysplasia. Case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - This study presents the case of a patient with neurofibromatosis and megacolon. A
      diffuse, but patchy abnormality of neural tissue was present throughout the
      colon, especially in the myenteric plexus, but also in the submucosal plexus,
      smooth muscles, and lamina propria. This consisted of (a) a marked decrease in
      the number of argyrophilic neurons within the myenteric plexus, enlargement and
      deformity of those neurons present, and a marked increase of nerve fibers and
      nerve tract size in the myenteric plexus; (b) a proliferation of neurons and
      nerve fibers within the smooth muscle and submucosa; and (c) a proliferation of
      nerve fibers within focal areas of the lamina propria. The relationship of this
      case to previously reported cases of neuronal intestinal dysplasia and plexiform
      neurofibromatosis is discussed. Surgical treatment may be necessary and the
      surgical options are reviewed.

PMID- 6425108
TI  - Carbon dioxide insufflation for more comfortable colonoscopy.
AB  - Forty patients examined with the use of carbon dioxide insufflation during
      fiberoptic colonoscopy showed no significant residual gas on plain radiographs
      taken 30 minutes after the procedure. By contrast, 19 of 20 patients examined
      with air insufflation showed excessive distension of large and/or small
      intestine. The rapid absorption of carbon dioxide may be a safety factor in a few
      patients and adds to the comfort of the procedure in many others by virtually
      eliminating overdistension afterwards. It also makes it technically possible to
      perform a barium enema immediately after colonoscopy.

PMID- 6425109
TI  - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a duodenal diverticulum.

PMID- 6425110
TI  - [Determination of the amount of amino acids and peptides in parenteral feeding
      preparations based on protein hydrolysis].

PMID- 6425111
TI  - Some effects of trichloroethylene on mouse lungs and livers.
AB  - Repeated administration of trichloroethylene (TCE) to mice by either i.p.
      injection or by inhalation increased the activity of hepatic microsomal NADPH
      cytochrome-c reductase. The NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in microsomes
      isolated from lungs of animals treated with TCE by inhalation was decreased
      relative to controls (untreated animals). TCE inhalation was associated with
      pathologic changes in lungs, but not in livers of the treated animals. The
      duration of exposure is probably an important factor however, since animals
      exposed for only 1 hr per day exhibited neither pathologic changes in the lungs
      nor an alteration of enzyme activity. These findings indicate that inhalation of
      TCE, without prior treatment with inducers, can enhance activity of the hepatic
      mixed function oxidase system. The reduced activity of the pulmonary mixed
      function oxidase system in animals that inhaled TCE may reflect injury to the
      lungs.

PMID- 6425112
TI  - Temperature dependency of cadmium uptake and relaxant effect of cadmium in guinea
      pig taenia coli.
AB  - Cadmium fluxes were studied under low temperature in order to assess the site of
      action of Cd2+ in taenia coli. Following a treatment with 0.5 mM Cd2+ for 30 min
      at 37 degrees C, the responses to high-K+ were not reversed after washing with
      medium containing 0.5 mM disodium edetate (EDTA). However, at 30 min
      preincubation with 0.5 mM Cd2+ at 4 degrees C, the responses markedly returned by
      the washing. The cadmium uptake was much slower at 4 degrees C. The cadmium in
      muscle preincubated at 4 degrees C was markedly eliminated by EDTA. Thus, the
      increase in the size of the fraction of total cadmium not eliminated by EDTA was
      temperature dependent. These data suggest the possibility that the total cadmium
      not eliminated by EDTA in taenia coli may be accumulated in the intracellular
      compartment where EDTA cannot reach.

PMID- 6425113
TI  - Changes in morphometric parameters and the characteristics of collagen following
      thyroxine and thiourea treatments in young male garden lizards.
AB  - Administration of both thyroxine (1 microgram/g body wt) and thiourea (0.5 mg/10
      g body wt) to young male garden lizards for a period of 2 weeks led to changes in
      morphometric/biochemical parameters. Percentages of increase in body weight and
      snout-to-vent length of thyroxine-treated lizards during this period were
      significantly lower than the percentages of increase observed in control lizards.
      Thiourea-induced inhibition of increase in body weight was marginal but not
      significant statistically. The total collagen content of tendons decreased upon
      thyroxine treatment and increased following thiourea administration. Thyroxine
      treatment led to an increase in salt solubility of bone and skin collagens and
      thiourea showed a reverse effect. On the other hand, the acid solubility of
      tendon collagen increased after thyroxine administration and decreased following
      thiourea treatment.

PMID- 6425114
TI  - Thyroid hormones and carbohydrate metabolism of brain in the teleost, Channa
      punctatus. I. Effect of T4 and thiourea on succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity
      and protein content.
AB  - The brain of the fishes (Channa punctatus) subjected to cold acclimation (15 +/-
      1 degree) in darkness exhibited low succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity after 3
      and 7 days and high protein content after 7 days when compared with their warm
      acclimated (32 +/- 1 degree) counterparts. In warm acclimated fishes maintained
      in complete darkness, T4 (0.5 micrograms/g body weight/day) depressed the enzyme
      activity after 5 and 7 days of treatment and reduced the protein content after 3
      days. But neither in cold acclimated fishes maintained in darkness for 3, 5, and
      7 days nor in warm acclimated fishes maintained in 12 hr dark and 12 hr daylight
      for the same periods did T4 induce a significant change in the same biochemical
      parameters. It appears that T4 action in this fish is dependent on acclimation
      temperature and light:dark regimes. When warm acclimated control fishes
      maintained in complete darkness were compared with those maintained in 12 hr dark
      and 12 hr daylight, the enzyme activity was found to be higher and the protein
      content lower in the former than in the latter. The results suggest that natural
      photoperiod regulates the thyroid activity in vivo. In vitro studies revealed
      that the presence of T4 (3.12 microM) in the incubating medium stimulated the
      enzyme activity of brain homogenates possibly due to direct action on
      mitochondria. Immersion of fishes in thiourea solution (1 mg/ml) for 3, 5, and 7
      days resulted in enhancement of enzyme activity after 7 days of treatment and of
      protein content after 5 days of treatment. Thyroid hormones in vivo appear to
      have an inhibitory effect on the carbohydrate metabolism of the nervous tissue.

PMID- 6425115
TI  - Genetical analysis of chromosomal interaction effects on the activities of the
      glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - By combining ten second and ten third chromosomes, we investigated chromosomal
      interaction with respect to the action of the modifier factors on G6PD and 6PGD
      activities in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of variance revealed that highly
      significant chromosomal interaction exists for both enzyme activities. From the
      estimated variance components, it was concluded that the variation in enzyme
      activity attributed to the interaction is as great as the variation attributed to
      the second chromosome but less than attributed to the third chromosome. The
      interaction is not explained by the variation of body size (live weight). The
      interaction is generated from both the lack of correlation of second chromosomes
      for third chromosome backgrounds and the heterogeneous variance of second
      chromosomes for different third chromosome backgrounds. Large and constant
      correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities were found for third chromosomes
      with any second chromosome background, whereas the correlations for second
      chromosomes were much smaller and varied considerably with the third chromosome
      background. This result suggests that the activity modifiers on the second
      chromosome are under the influence of third chromosome factors.

PMID- 6425116
TI  - Molecular mapping of a gene cluster flanking the Drosophila Dopa decarboxylase
      gene.
AB  - Nine lethal complementation groups flanking the Drosophila Dopa decarboxylase
      (Ddc) gene, have been localized within 100 kb of cloned chromosomal DNA. Six of
      these complementation groups are within 23 kb of DNA, and all ten complementation
      groups, including Ddc, lie within 78-82 kb of DNA. The potential significance of
      this unusually high gene density is discussed.

PMID- 6425117
TI  - [Radiosensitive mutants of Drosophila. VI. The effect of ultraviolet rays and
      methylmethane sulfonate on the viability and incidence of chromosome aberrations
      in the somatic cells of mutant mus(2)201G1].
AB  - The mus(2)201G1 mutation determining high sensitivity to UV-rays and methyl
      methansulfonate (MMS) has been studied. The larvae of Drosophila of different age
      were treated with UV-rays and MMS. Lethality of organisms during the larvae and
      the pupa stages of the development, as well as the frequency of spontaneous and
      induced chromosome aberrations were registered. The mus(2)201G1 mutation was
      shown to determine high lethality of Drosophila during larvae and pupa stages as
      well as a high frequency of spontaneous and induced chromosome aberrations. The
      conclusion was made that chromosome aberrations are not the single reason for the
      death of the mutant flies after mutagenic treatment and that the function of the
      mus(2)201G1 gene is necessary for divided and undivided cells.

PMID- 6425118
TI  - [Genetic nature of atrophic rhinitis in swine. I. The results of a test cross and
      bacteriological study in atrophic rhinitis in swine].
AB  - It is well established that the swine atrophic rhinitis (AR) is controlled by the
      only gene with two alleles, R and r, the former being a dominant. Our study was
      designed to determine the role of these factors in appearance of AR of swine
      among the offspring. Normal and diseased pairs of animals were mated. The
      heterozygotic (Rr) phenotypically normal but potentially ill hogs and sows were
      revealed at the farm where AR was spread. The phenotypically normal hogs and sows
      (RR, Rr) were mated with diseased (rr) or potentially diseased ones, and
      phenotypically normal heterozygotic (Rr) hogs and sows (control). The diseased
      sucking-pigs revealed in the litter were removed. It has been established that
      the sucking-pigs were normal when mating normal homozygotic animals. These
      sucking-pigs were used to replace the live-stock of sows. When mating normal
      homozygotic animals with recessive ones, the sucking-pigs were also normal, the
      normal alleles being dominant. In matings of heterozygotic animals 27.3% of the
      litter were wry-snouted. However, even healthy heterozygotic animals should not
      be used for replacing the live-stock, because they have both the normal and
      recessive alleles. When recessive animals were mated, all sucking-pigs proved to
      have the symptoms of AR. Such sucking-pigs, together with their parents were
      necessarily removed.

PMID- 6425119
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis trpE and trpD genes.
AB  - Several overlapping portions of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Bacillus subtilis
      have been cloned into plasmid pBR322. The nucleotide sequence of the region
      comprising the trpE and trpD genes and a portion of the trpC gene has been
      determined. When the deduced amino acid sequences of these genes are compared
      with their counterparts in Escherichia coli, several regions of striking homology
      are seen. The probable initiation codons for the trpE, D and C genes are each
      preceded by a recognizable Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The coding sequences for the
      trpE and trpD genes and for the trpD and trpC genes overlap slightly, leaving no
      intercistronic regions between the genes.

PMID- 6425120
TI  - Influence of nutritional status on immune functions in patients with Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Nutritional status and immune function were correlated with clinical features in
      56 patients with Crohn's disease. These were divided arbitrarily into either
      undernourished or well nourished groups according to whether their midarm
      circumference was below or above 90% of ideal standard. Results were also
      compared with 33 patients with ulcerative colitis and 28 normal subjects.
      Undernourished patients with Crohn's disease had significantly reduced total
      lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts and a reduced proportion of monocytes that
      ingested latex particles. Well nourished patients with Crohn's disease were
      similar to the two control groups. Twenty one undernourished patients with
      Crohn's disease were also followed during the course of two to four months'
      nutritional treatment with an enteral supplement. Nutritional therapy was
      associated with significant anthropometric gains as well as significant rises in
      total lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts. Serum orosomucoids were significantly
      higher in undernourished patients and decreased significantly during nutritional
      therapy. The results show that undernutrition and disease acuity may be
      associated with reduced immunological competence in patients with Crohn's
      disease, but all these measurements can be improved by short term nutritional
      treatment.

PMID- 6425121
TI  - Chronic vomiting in a case of citrullinaemia detected after treatment by total
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - We report a case of a 56 year old woman who presented with a long history of
      chronic attacks of vomiting. On admission to hospital she was cachectic, and
      attempted parenteral nutrition induced coma. The illness was found to be due to
      citrullinaemia, a metabolic disorder of the urea cycle. Our patient is the oldest
      with this disorder so far described in the literature. The main points of the
      case and its investigation are outlined: hyperammonaemia, amino acid
      chromatogram, measurement of enzyme activity in skin and liver biopsy material.
      The therapeutic measures which led to cure are of particular interest.

PMID- 6425122
TI  - Primary plasmacytoma of ovary.
AB  - A case of a plasmacytoma arising in the left ovary of a 56-year-old woman is
      reported. The diagnosis is supported by the unequivocal histology and the
      detection of a monoclonal IgG/Kappa cell population by an immunoperoxidase PAP
      technique.

PMID- 6425123
TI  - A method of making combined microprostheses in defects of the vestibular surfaces
      of the teeth.

PMID- 6425124
TI  - Technological and constructional trends in the improvement of the quality of
      bridge prostheses made from chromium-nickel-steel.

PMID- 6425125
TI  - Our experience in the prosthodontic treatment of defects of the tooth rows with
      partial telescope prostheses.

PMID- 6425126
TI  - Hydropneumatic heat polymerization--a contribution to the rational methods of
      making fixed prostheses.

PMID- 6425127
TI  - Combined osteosynthesis.

PMID- 6425128
TI  - Cellular hemins in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6425129
TI  - Cryosurgical treatment of basal cell carcinomas and their postradiation
      recidives.

PMID- 6425130
TI  - Indices of the intermediate stage of forced expiration and their connection with
      the time - constant of the lung.

PMID- 6425131
TI  - A study of the kinetics of the acid and alkali resistance of oxyhemoglobin under
      the effect of a constant magnetic field.

PMID- 6425132
TI  - The use of Bulgarian tissue glue in ophthalmosurgery of the lens.

PMID- 6425133
TI  - A method for interradical retention and stabilising of partial and overdenture
      prostheses.

PMID- 6425134
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations and chromosomal polymorphism in families with
      reproductive failure.

PMID- 6425135
TI  - A study of the serum factor "X" in women with pathological pregnancy and during
      delivery.

PMID- 6425136
TI  - The effect of partusisten on uterine motility stimulated by blood serum from
      pregnant women with certain pathological manifestations.

PMID- 6425137
TI  - The micrometric characteristics of the hypertrophic zone of growth cartilage in
      the tibia of full-term newborn infants.

PMID- 6425138
TI  - A comparative experimental study of the phagocytic activity in subcutaneous
      connective tissue after implantation of endodontic filling materials with and
      without glucocorticosteroids.

PMID- 6425139
TI  - Determination of age by certain changes in the teeth for the purpose of forensic
      medical practice.

PMID- 6425140
TI  - A new operative procedure for treatment of strictures of the bladder neck after
      prostate adenomectomy.

PMID- 6425141
TI  - Diagnosis of defective swallowing.

PMID- 6425142
TI  - Mico-artemin--a new antimycotic preparation for local treatment of
      Epidermophytosis interdigitalis pedum.

PMID- 6425143
TI  - Results of angiographic studies of patients with chronic pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6425144
TI  - Varicose veins of the vocal cords.

PMID- 6425145
TI  - Radicular sacography and some anatomical studies of the lower end of the dural
      arachnoidal sac.

PMID- 6425146
TI  - Clinical and hematological studies of workers professionally exposed to
      pesticides.

PMID- 6425147
TI  - Changes in the bioenergetic indices of erythrocytes in anesthesiologic personnel.

PMID- 6425148
TI  - An investigation of the effect of Cu2+ on the spontaneous contraction activity of
      some smooth muscles.

PMID- 6425149
TI  - Perspectives for the development of specialised medical care for patients with
      allergic diseases in a large city.

PMID- 6425150
TI  - On the treatment of early and late toxicoses in pregnancy and spontaneous
      abortion.

PMID- 6425151
TI  - The effect of phosdrin on the acid resistance of erythrocytes in white rats.

PMID- 6425152
TI  - The effect of Merichlery mineral water on the contents of magnesium and manganese
      in the hepatic cells and blood in cases of continuous imbibition.

PMID- 6425153
TI  - The effect of dosage and treatment scheme on results from treatment of lung
      cancer with BCG and F70.

PMID- 6425154
TI  - Experimental infection of sheep with Bhanja virus.
AB  - Seven juvenile sheep were infected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intracerebrally
      (i.c.) with Bhanja virus. Distinct symptoms of CNS affection (ataxia, pareses)
      were observed only in the case of i.c. application of a massive dose (10(-7) to
      10(9) SMicLD50) of the Bg 336/336 strain. A short-term and low viremia (one to
      four days p.i.) was ascertained after i.c. infection with a dose of 10(4.7) to
      10(9.2) SMicLD50 of the same strain. On the other hand, the high titres of
      neutralization antibodies were detected even after inoculation of small doses of
      the virus (e.g. 50 SMicLD50). Unlike the symptomatic response, the immune
      response of sheep to Bhanja virus is high.

PMID- 6425155
TI  - Muscle Sarcocystosis in pheasants and first records of the genus Sarcocystis in
      Phasianus colchicus Linne, 1758 in Czechoslovakia.
AB  - During examination of 41 pheasants from the vicinity of Jindrichuv Hradec (South
      Bohemia) muscle sarcocystosis was found in 15 birds (i.e., in 36.5%). There were
      two types of sarcosporidia. Type I was recorded in 3 pheasants and possessed
      small cystozoites measuring 6 x 2 micrometers. There occurred also stages
      measuring 3-4 x 2 micrometers corresponding in their morphology to merozoites of
      the pre-cystic phase of reproduction. Type II was found in 12 birds and possessed
      large, lancet-shaped cystozoites measuring 16 x 2-3 micrometers. Type II conforms
      to the description of Sarcocystis sp. by Wenzel et al. (1982), whereas type I
      seems to represent a new species of sarcosporidia.

PMID- 6425156
TI  - [Hypoglycemic effects of the blended Chinese traditional medicines in genetically
      and chemically diabetic mice].
AB  - The selective sensitivities to the blended Chinese traditional medicines (Kampo
      Hozai) applied for diabetes mellitus were pharmacologically studied utilizing the
      diabetic models: genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice and alloxan diabetic mice. The
      hypoglycemic response to sulfonylurea (tolbutamide) was observed in the KK-CAy
      mice as well as that to metformin, giving evidence which supported the difference
      of diabetic features between KK-CAy mice and alloxan diabetic mice. The
      hypoglycemic potencies of the blended medicines were determined in alloxan
      diabetics: Chikuyosekkoto greater than Byakkoka-Ninjinto not equal to Bakumondoto
      much greater than Hachimigan not equal to Ninjinto greater than Goreisan. A
      similar order of potency was shown in the fasted KK-CAy mice. In the nonfasted KK
      CAy mice, Hachimigan selectively had the more marked hypoglycemic effect. In
      conclusion, it is compatible that the effects of Kampo Hozai may be classified
      into plural types of action mechanism by utilizing etiologically different
      diabetic models.

PMID- 6425157
TI  - [Accuracy in the diagnosis of renal masses. Computed tomography, sonography,
      urography, angiography].
AB  - One hundred and twelve renal masses, whose histology was confirmed at operation,
      as well as renal vein thrombosis and renal infiltration, were examined by
      urography, sonography, CT and angiography. In general the results showed good
      agreement. For the diagnosis of the type of tumour, its size, infiltration into
      the renal capsule, demonstration of regional lymph node metastases and
      infiltration into neighbouring organs and for the diagnosis of liver metastases,
      CT was superior to the other methods.

PMID- 6425158
TI  - [Value of sonography, computed tomography and angiography in adrenal diagnosis].
AB  - Between 1979 and 1982, 47 patients with pathological process of the adrenals were
      surgically treated after preceding thorough non-evasive angiographic diagnosis (6
      phaeochromocytomas, 20 adrenal adenomas, 8 adrenal hyperplasias, 5 adrenal
      carcinomas, 5 adrenal cysts and 3 adrenal metastases). The most consistently
      accurate results were obtained via adrenal phlebography with an accuracy of 94%.
      This was followed by non-evasive computed tomography (87%). Compared with the
      data given in literature, hormone determination in the adrenal venous blood was
      less favourable (79%). Selective adrenal arteriography, which was used less
      often, yielded correct results in 83% of the cases, whereas the number of
      accurate diagnoses achieved via sonography was lowest with 54%.

PMID- 6425159
TI  - Barium/air double contrast examination of the small bowel in Crohn's disease.
AB  - In patients with Crohn's disease the radiological demonstration of small bowel
      lesions requires an elaborate and meticulous technique. The barium/air double
      contrast technique is a method for accurate delineation of normal and abnormal
      small bowel morphology. By distending the bowel transmural lesions are accurately
      evaluated. A precise assessment of the axial extension of disease is possible due
      to an 'en face' presentation which is more sensitive than a 'profile'
      presentation for detection of superficial lesions.

PMID- 6425160
TI  - [Varioloform (complete) erosions in the stomach and duodenum].
AB  - One thousand five hundred and eighty-three patients who were x-rayed for
      dyspepsia showed varioliform erosions in 15.3%. Men had an incidence of 9.8%,
      almost twice as common as in women (5.5%). Mucosal polyps, usually of the
      hyperplastic type, occurred in 2.4%. 15% of patients with gastric ulcers and 16%
      of patients with duodenal ulcers had varioliform erosions. On the other hand,
      amongst patients with erosions, 11% had gastric ulcers and 8.3% duodenal ulcers.
      The definitions of erosion which have been given in the literature are partly
      contradictory, and are discussed. Varioliform erosions, also known as complete
      erosions, may be acute or chronic. They are the third most common cause of
      bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. With modern radiological methods
      of examining the stomach, they are no longer a rare finding.

PMID- 6425161
TI  - Sensitivity of single and double contrast barium enema in the detection of
      colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - The preoperative barium enema of the 188 colorectal carcinoma patients operated
      at the Oulu University Central Hospital (Finland) during 1977-1982 were examined
      retrospectively. Altogether 112 single contrast studies and 87 double contrast
      studies had been made on these patients. The single contrast barium enemas had
      resulted in a correct diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma in 93 cases (sensitivity
      83%). The correct diagnosis in the double contrast studies numbered 71
      (sensitivity 82%). Most of the overlooked carcinomas were located in the caecum,
      in the sigmoid or the rectum. Most of the errors made in the single contrast
      studies were due to detection errors and poor evacuation. The most common
      failures in double contrast enemas were detection errors and nonvisualisation of
      the sigmoid. The authors recommend use of the double contrast technique and
      suggest that the two methods of barium enema be used to complement each other. A
      false negative diagnosis delayed the operation of the colorectal carcinoma
      patients by 2.2 months (median).

PMID- 6425162
TI  - [Cholelitholysis and gallbladder diverticula].
AB  - Fifty patients with cholesterol stones in their gallbladder, with few symptoms
      were treated with the bile acids cheno- or ursodeoxycholic acid. 38 had a
      "normal" gallbladder, 12 had diverticula of the gallbladder. After the complete
      dissolution of the stones the bile acid treatment was stopped. The follow-up
      period lasted up to 7 years. No recurrence was observed in the gallbladder of 18
      patients, but 32 developed new stones. With a second bile acid treatment we could
      dissolve the new stones of 13 patients, up to now without further relapses. After
      the second bile acid treatment of 9 months and x-ray controls 19 patients (38%)
      developed insoluble material in their gallbladders, independent of the presence
      of diverticula. We tried to eliminate calcium sediments with cholecystokinin-like
      substances. Temporary success was achieved in three of five patients only, and
      one person only remained free of further relapses. There is no reason to exclude
      patients with cholesterol stones and diverticula of the gallbladder from
      litholytic therapy.

PMID- 6425163
TI  - [Lymphangitic carcinomatosis of the lung in metastatic breast carcinoma].
AB  - The lungs of 34 patients who had died of carcinoma of the breast and pulmonary
      lymphangitis carcinomatosa were prepared by air insufflation and then examined
      radiologically and histologically. The results were compared with x-ray
      examination performed just before death. The interstitial pattern of lymphangitis
      is due to tumour cell infiltration of septal, peri-vasal and peri-bronchial
      lymphatics, and to fibrosis. Pleural effusions developed in 17 patients and were
      twice as frequent on the side of the breast tumour. Hilar lymph node enlargement
      was found in only five cases, although histological involvement was proven in 19.
      Theories concerning the mode of propagation of pulmonary lymphangitis
      carcinomatosa are discussed.

PMID- 6425164
TI  - [Comparison of x-ray plain films, x-ray tomograms and computed tomograms in lung
      nodules in children and adolescents].
AB  - A comparison was carried out of the value of plain radiographs, tomography and CT
      in 37 patients aged between five and 24 years. The majority of these patients had
      an osteosarcoma. Thirty-five CT examinations were performed on 16 patients and
      about 300 foci were demonstrated. Plain radiographs only showed 50%, and
      tomograms only 70% of these lesions. Surgery was carried out in 34 patients and
      there was agreement between the findings at thoracotomy and radiology in about
      half the cases. Frequently, more metastases were found at operation than could be
      demonstrated radiologically, in a few cases there were fewer.

PMID- 6425165
TI  - Peripheral right upper lobe collapse in the newborn.
AB  - Three forms of peripheral right upper lobe collapse are described. One form has a
      straight or slightly concave medial border that mimicks pleural fluid. A second
      variety protrudes from the inferior lateral aspects of the atelectatic right
      upper lobe producing a triangular opacity that tapers inferiorly toward the chest
      wall. A third variety produces a convex medial interface with the lung that
      simulates an extrapleural mass or loculated fluid.

PMID- 6425166
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography of the lung].
AB  - DSA of the lung entails reduced examination risk and is a simpler procedure than
      conventional angiography. Out of a total of 55 lung DSA's, 53 (96%) supplied
      reliable diagnostic information. Suspicion of pulmonary embolism was the most
      frequent indication. DSA was also successfully employed in therapy control. Since
      other diseases of the pulmonary vessels can also be diagnosed via DSA, it can
      largely replace conventional pulmonary angiography. Disadvantages of DSA which
      must be taken into consideration are the reduced local resolution and limitations
      imposed by artifacts caused by patients movements.

PMID- 6425167
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography for imaging pulmonary vessels].
AB  - The experience in venous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the pulmonary
      vessels is presented in order to evaluate the new method. The results of
      angiographic examinations in 30 patients could be classified as follows: embolic
      lung disease (n = 13), atelectatic disease of left lower lobe (n = 3), findings
      of arteritis in right upper lobe (n = 1), arteriographic alterations due to
      chronic pulmonary emphysema (n = 2), normal lung vessels (n = 10), and failure of
      examination (n = 1). Using this new angiographic method it was possible to
      analyze embolic clots in the subsegmental arteries and total occlusions of the
      peripheral small vessels. The advantage of DSA compared with the conventional
      technique is evident: No complications due to transcardial catheters, short
      examination period, easy handling of the technique, and small number of images.

PMID- 6425168
TI  - [Computed tomographic findings in mitral valve disease].
AB  - In 38 patients suffering from mitral valve disease the findings of cardiac CT
      scans were compared to the results of echocardiographic, standard
      roentgenographic, and cineangiocardiographic studies as well as to intraoperative
      and histological findings. CT proved to be superior to the other imaging
      modalities in detecting mitral calcifications and in demonstrating the
      morphological changes, but cannot replace cardiac catheterization as it does not
      yield haemodynamic data. The indication for CT in mitral valve disease therefore
      is restricted to cases with extremely enlarged left atria in which the other
      methods do not provide satisfactory visualization, and to patients with suspected
      intracavitary thrombus or tumor.

PMID- 6425169
TI  - Cardiac failure simulating inflammatory cancer of the breast.
AB  - Two patients with unilateral breast induration and skin thickening clinically
      believed to be due to inflammatory carcinoma are described. In both the changes
      were due to heart failure, and after appropriate cardiac treatment the
      mammographic changes disappeared.

PMID- 6425170
TI  - [Heart luxation following pneumonectomy].
AB  - A herniation (with torsion) of the heart trough a dehiscent pericardial suture
      was observed on the second postoperative day after right-sided pneumonectomy,
      when shock symptoms developed. Chest x-ray was diagnostic and lead to
      rethoracotomy with successful reposition of the heart.--Another case showed an
      atypical bulge of the heart contour after pneumonectomy with partial pericardial
      resection. It was caused by pericardial fat, sutured on the defect for occlusion.

PMID- 6425171
TI  - [Arteriographic diagnosis of erectile impotence].
AB  - The complex interactions of psychological, neurological, hormonal and vascular
      aspects of erectile dysfunctions require a standardised multidisciplinary
      diagnostic evaluation. The recent establishment of new noninvasive and invasive
      investigative procedures has led to a fundamental change in the assessment of
      erectile dysfunctions. Selective angiography of the internal pudendal artery and
      its branches represents the crucial diagnostic step before treatment can start.
      Indication, technique and results of 26 bilaterally performed pudendal
      angiographies on impotent patients are described.

PMID- 6425172
TI  - [Appearance of fresh vertebral body fractures on the bone scintigram].
AB  - Based on observations on 27 patients technetium-99m-diphosphonate scintigram is
      recommended as two-stage-investigation. During the first 12 hours no activity and
      up to 48 hours only slight activity can be seen in contrast to a marked take-up
      of the tracer after 6 to 8 days. This enables a timing of the fracture, which can
      be of importance in compensation and legal disputes.

PMID- 6425173
TI  - [Thin-layer NMR-imaging with a new T2-weighted 3-D-procedure].
AB  - Presentation of first experience with a new 3-dimensional data acquisition
      method. The new method yields sets of 120 continuous images of the head and brain
      in all 3 dimensions (slice thickness and spatial resolution both being 1.7 mm.)
      with a data acquisition time of 15 minutes. Depending on pulse sequences T1- or
      T2-images are available. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

PMID- 6425174
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children].

PMID- 6425175
TI  - Single renal artery originating from thoracic aorta.

PMID- 6425176
TI  - [Percutaneous drainage of a cholangitic hepatic abscess communicating with the
      bile ducts].

PMID- 6425177
TI  - [Sonographic detection of a stenosis of the celiac trunk in a 14-year-old girl].

PMID- 6425178
TI  - Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of thromboembolism of the
      portal system by superior mesenteric vein thrombosis as a complication of
      appendicitis.

PMID- 6425179
TI  - [Floating tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium in hypernephroma-
      sonographic demonstration].

PMID- 6425180
TI  - [Sonography and lingual thyroid].

PMID- 6425181
TI  - [Food allergies in children and adults. Genetic, clinical and therapeutic
      aspects].

PMID- 6425182
TI  - The role of state and local government in health.

PMID- 6425183
TI  - Naloxone fails to increase LH levels in clomiphene treated men.
AB  - The gonadotrophin response to the opiate antagonist naloxone administered per
      infusion has been investigated before and after 5 days of clomiphene treatment in
      5 male subjects. Before clomiphene treatment, naloxone caused a significant
      increase in LH levels, however, after clomiphene, naloxone failed to induce the
      same effect. An important role for gonadal steroids on the opiatergic inhibitory
      tone of LH secretion in man is suggested.

PMID- 6425184
TI  - Endocrine testicular functions in leprosy.
AB  - Pituitary testicular functions were evaluated in leprosy. Forty-three men with
      leprosy were studied by basal estimations of plasma LH, FSH, Prolactin,
      Testosterone, 17-beta estradiol, metoclopramide stimulated prolactin responses
      and hCG stimulated testosterone responses. Fifteen young healthy men with proven
      fertility were studied as control subjects. The hormone estimations were related
      to the histologic changes observed in the testicular biopsies of leprous
      hypogonadism. In lepromatous leprosy (n:18) the basal plasma gonadotropin levels
      were significantly increased (FSH 29.5 +/- 2.3 mlU/ml; LH 21.5 +/- 1.9 mlU/ml,
      mean +/- SE). The plasma gonadotropins were in the normal range in tuberculoid
      leprosy. In borderline leprosy, the basal mean plasma FSH was normal, whereas LH
      levels were significantly increased (22.5 +/- 1.2 mlU/ml). The basal plasma
      testosterone levels were significantly decreased in lepromatous leprosy (1.6 +/-
      0.12 ng/ml), tuberculoid leprosy (4.2 +/- 1.7 ng/ml) and borderline leprosy (1.8
      +/- 0.18 ng/ml). The basal plasma 17-beta estradiol levels were significantly
      elevated in all the three types of leprosy. The basal plasma prolactin levels in
      plasma were significantly increased in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy.
      During hCG stimulation tests, the peak plasma testosterone responses were
      significantly reduced in both lepromatous leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy
      subjects. The blunted testosterone responses during hCG stimulation tests in
      leprosy correlated with the high basal 17-beta estradiol levels (r = 0.58; P less
      than 0.05). These results strongly suggest that hypogonadism in leprosy results
      from primary testicular failure. The significant elevation of plasma 17-beta
      estradiol levels in lepromatous, tuberculoid and borderline leprosy could play a
      role in hypogonadism of leprosy.

PMID- 6425185
TI  - The effect of arachidonic acid on blood glucose and serum insulin in obese mice.

PMID- 6425186
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine on serum hormones in acromegaly.
AB  - Clinical and hormonal responses to bromocriptine therapy were assessed in 10
      patients with acromegaly. Although substantial falls (greater than or equal to
      50%) in serum GH occurred in only 4 of the patients, subjective clinical
      improvement and improved glucose tolerance were seen in 9, including 2 subjects
      in whom serum GH rose in response to bromocriptine. Serum somatomedin levels,
      measured by both radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay, fell in only 2
      subjects (both of whom had falls in GH) and did not correlate with clinical
      status. These results suggest that some of the reported beneficial effects of
      bromocriptine in acromegaly may be independent of GH secretion or somatomedin
      generation.

PMID- 6425187
TI  - Catecholamines and pituitary function. I. Effects of catecholamine synthesis
      inhibition and subsequent catecholamine infusion on gonadotropin and prolactin
      serum levels in normal cycling women and in women with hyperprolactinemic
      amenorrhea.
AB  - To investigate the role of catecholamines in the control of gonadotropin and
      prolactin release, we examined the effects of a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor
      (alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, AMPT) administration and those of dopamine (DA) or
      epinephrine (EPI) infusion after endogenous catecholamine synthesis inhibition,
      on FSH, LH and PRL serum levels, in regularly cycling women and in patients with
      hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. AMPT administration was followed by a prompt
      increase in serum PRL in regularly cycling women, but not in women with
      hyperprolactinemia either due to a PRL-secreting pituitary microadenoma or
      'idiopathic'. Gonadotropin serum levels did not show any significant variation
      after AMPT in both normal and hyperprolactinemic women. DA infusion after
      endogenous catecholamine synthesis inhibition by AMPT, induced an appreciable
      decline in PRL levels in both normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects. Although
      the net decrements were higher in the hyperprolactinemic group, the PRL fall was
      similar in the two groups when expressed as a percentage of preinfusion PRL
      concentrations. LH serum levels similarly fell during DA infusion in normal women
      and in hyperprolactinemic patients, while FSH concentrations did not show any
      significant change. EPI infusion after analogous AMPT pretreatment was followed
      by an evident decrease in serum PRL in both normal and hyperprolactinemic
      subjects. No significant changes in FSH and LH serum concentrations were observed
      during EPI administration. These data, while confirming the existence of a
      functional derangement in the neural inhibitory control of PRL secretion in
      hyperprolactinemia either due to a PRL-secreting pituitary microadenoma or so
      called 'idiopathic', do not agree with the hypothesis that tubero-infundibular DA
      hyperactivity inhibits gonadotropin secretion in hyperprolactinemic patients. The
      inhibitory action of exogenously administered DA might represent rather a
      pharmacological effect than express a physiological inhibitory role of
      hypothalamic DA pathway on gonadotropin secretion in humans.

PMID- 6425188
TI  - Gaba-ergic and dopaminergic regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone. Effects of
      baclofen and metoclopramide.
AB  - The effects of the GABA analogue, baclofen, and the dopamine antagonist,
      metoclopramide, on basal and TRH-stimulated TSH release were studied in 6 normal
      male volunteers. Basal TSH secretion was not influenced by baclofen (10 mg orally
      three times daily for 3 days) or metoclopramide (10 mg i.v.), given alone or
      together. Baclofen produced a blunting of the TRH-stimulated TSH release (p less
      than 0.05), which persisted after metoclopramide administration. It is speculated
      that GABA and its analogues exert an inhibitory effect on TSH secretion,
      presumably at the level of the pituitary, and this effect is not mediated by
      dopamine.

PMID- 6425189
TI  - The primary structure of mu-chain-disease protein BOT. Peculiar amino-acid
      sequence of the N-terminal 42 positions.
AB  - The complete primary structure of the mu heavy-chain disease (mu-HCD) protein BOT
      has been determined. The monomeric HCD-mu-chain consists of 391 amino-acid
      residues, lacking the VH and mu CH1 domains but including the entire CH2, CH3 and
      CH4 domains (349 residues). The sequence of the preceding 42 N-terminal residues
      which we designate as the "pre-C-part" presents no homology to any known variable
      or constant immunoglobulin sequence, but contains an internal homology of
      positions 10-19 to positions 20-29. The origin of the "pre-C-part" structure and
      the deletion of the mu CH1 domain of protein BOT are discussed.

PMID- 6425190
TI  - Chloridazon-catechol dioxygenases, a distinct group of meta-cleaving enzymes.
AB  - We previously described a new meta-cleaving enzyme, termed chloridazon-catechol
      dioxygenase. The present paper describes the comparison of this enzyme with the
      meta-cleaving enzymes of eighteen strains of soil bacteria isolated with various
      aromatic compounds. Four of these strains were isolated with the herbicide
      chloridazon, six with the analgeticum aminopyrine and one with the analgeticum
      antipyrine as sole carbon source. These strains all belonged to a new type of
      bacteria, called Phenylobacteria. The seven other strains were isolated with
      aromatic compounds such as toluene, 3-phenylpropionate, benzoate, papaverine and
      4-chlorobenzoate, and belonged to various species including Pseudomonas,
      Acinetobacter and Nocardia. In double diffusion experiments with antibodies,
      prepared against chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase, extracts from the eleven
      strains of Phenylobacteria gave a cross reaction, whereas the extracts of the
      seven other strains showed no reaction. The enzymes of the eleven positive
      strains showed the same characteristic kinetic behaviour as the previously
      described enzyme. In contrast to catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase they needed the
      addition of exogenous Fe2+ ions for activity. On ion-exchange chromatography they
      emerged at the same buffer concentration as chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase. In
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis they migrated identically. The linkage map derived
      from the activities of the various enzymes with 10 different substrates revealed
      an identity of more than 80% for these eleven enzymes. So the meta-cleaving
      enzymes of the Phenylobacteria seem to form a distinct group among the non-heme
      iron-containing dioxygenases.

PMID- 6425191
TI  - Rights protection and advocacy: the need to do more with less.

PMID- 6425192
TI  - Financial information systems and the new reimbursement climate.

PMID- 6425193
TI  - An economic analysis of psychosocial rehabilitation.
AB  - The author examines three studies of the major monetary costs and benefits of
      psychosocial rehabilitation of the mentally ill; he focuses on hospitalization
      costs, costs of community treatment, and earnings from competitive employment. In
      the first study, which compared the effects of psychosocial rehabilitation with
      those of a support group over a nine-month period, an estimated savings of +1,880
      per client was found among the clients receiving psychosocial rehabilitation. In
      the second study of treatment costs for 40 chronic psychiatric recidivists who
      were involved in an aggressive home outreach program, an estimated annual savings
      of +5,000 per client was found. In the third study 101 clients were interviewed
      six months after they had left a psychosocial rehabilitation program. Their
      earnings from competitive employment were linearly related to their length of
      participation in the program. The author concludes that these studies offer
      substantial evidence for the economic advantages of psychosocial rehabilitation.

PMID- 6425194
TI  - Collaborative practice cuts cost of patient care: study.

PMID- 6425195
TI  - Sharing arrangements proving cost-effective.

PMID- 6425196
TI  - The use of fructose 1-phosphate to detect Hunter heterozygotes in fibroblast
      cultures from high-risk carriers.
AB  - Fibroblast cultures from 49 possible Hunter disease carriers were collected.
      These cultures were analysed for the incorporation of 35S-sulphate into acid
      mucopolysaccharides in the presence and the absence of fructose 1-phosphate. For
      10 of these women more than one abnormal result was observed, when two or three
      cultures from each individual were tested. For six additional women only one
      abnormal result was found, when three cultures for each of these females were
      analysed. The implication that just one abnormal result indicates carriership
      stems from the observation that 24 out of 25 obligate carriers have been
      confirmed by this criterion (Tonnesen et al. 1983). By mean of the same criterion
      we have thus established carriership for 16 possible carriers. From genetic
      inference three additional carriers were found among the females showing normal
      results in the fibroblast cultures. As a test of the reliability of the method,
      analyses of the tested informative female offspring of Hunter carriers showed 20
      of 38 informative females to be carriers.

PMID- 6425197
TI  - Diagnostic application of first trimester trophoblast sampling in 100
      pregnancies.
AB  - The results of the diagnostic application of first trimester trophoblast sampling
      in 100 pregnancies are reported in detail. Further improvement of the method for
      routine, direct chromosome analysis resulted in a technique which proved to be
      fast, simple, and efficient. We found that short-term incubation of villi permits
      the application of many experimental methods, such as visualization of sister
      chromatid exchanges and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Fetal karyotyping
      was successful in each of the 96 pregnancies in which fetal material was obtained
      from a total of 98 fetuses. There were 42 males and 56 females, and an abnormal
      chromosome constitution was found in 12 cases. Two trisomic fetuses were found
      among the eight pregnancies at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and this
      indicates that fetal sexing (which is achieved with our method in two hours)
      should not be performed without chromosome visualization. The results indicate a
      risk of 8% of an abnormal fetus for mothers aged 35 years or more, while the risk
      of failure of sampling and of spontaneous abortion after villi sampling were 4
      and 6%, respectively. Enzyme determinations were performed in three pregnancies
      at risk for gangliosidosis GM1, Niemann-Pick disease, and Hurler syndrome. In
      this last case inconsistency between the results of the assay of iduronidase on
      chorionic villi and amniotic fluid cells was found. This unexplained error
      indicates the need for extensive characterisation in chorionic villi of the
      series of enzymes involved in metabolic diseases.

PMID- 6425198
TI  - Siblings with renal tubular acidosis and nerve deafness. The first family in
      Japan.
AB  - Two siblings with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and nerve deafness were examined.
      It was found by ammonium chloride and bicarbonate loading tests that the 6-year
      old brother had a hybrid type of RTA and his 4-year-old sister, a distal type of
      RTA. Enzyme activity and amount of enzyme protein of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme
      I and II in red blood cells, measured using an immunoadsorbent method, were
      normal in both cases. Although this indicated that the RTAs of these patients are
      not generated by the carbonic anhydrase deficiency, an investigation with renal
      tissue is necessary to arrive at a final conclusion.

PMID- 6425199
TI  - Variant endothelial cells from human carotid artery in culture.
AB  - Endothelial cells were cultured from the carotid artery with thickened intima
      comprised of two to five layers of smooth muscle cells, isolated from a 19-yr-old
      female, who died from an accident. The cells were grown and subcultured in Medium
      199 supplemented with 20% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. The cells are
      still viable at present, the 22nd passage. The cultured cells were found to have
      the following characteristics: existence of Factor VIII-related surface antigen
      and prostacyclin synthesis slightly less than that for typical endothelial cells.
      The most outstanding feature was the formation by an individual cell of a single
      ring, and a composite ring formed by two to five cells. Neither the synthesis of
      an angiotensin converting enzyme nor that of a Weibel-Palade body could be
      detected by electron microscopy. The cultured cells possessed only a few
      characteristics specific for typical endothelial cells and were designated as
      variant endothelial cells.

PMID- 6425200
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus can substitute double antibody in radio-immunoassay of
      LHRH.

PMID- 6425201
TI  - Alterations in properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase consequent on conformation changes induced by folic acid
      & L-serine.

PMID- 6425202
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in buffalo erythrocytes: Part I--Purification &
      some molecular properties.

PMID- 6425203
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in buffalo erythrocytes: Part II--Catalytic
      properties.

PMID- 6425204
TI  - Production of five human lymphokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating
      factor, interferon-gamma, interleukin 2, macrophage cytotoxicity factor and
      macrophage migration inhibitory factor) from Con A stimulated lymphocyte cultures
      in bioreactors.
AB  - Cultivation parameters for the production of five lymphokines, granulocyte
      macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma),
      interleukin 2 (IL-2), macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF), and macrophage
      migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from human spleen cells or peripheral blood
      lymphocytes were optimized. Cultivation was done in bioreactors containing up to
      200 ml of medium, usually serum-free. The reactors were equipped with surface
      aeration facilities, stirrers and oxygen electrodes. Whereas stirring speed alone
      did not influence the yields of lymphokines, good aeration was especially
      beneficial for high IL-2 yields. However, all lymphokines were also produced
      under anaerobic conditions. The concentration of the mitogen concanavalin A was
      mainly critical for optimal IL-2 release. Optimal cell concentrations varied from
      5 X 10(6)/ml (for GM-GSF and MCF) to 10 X 10(6)/ml (for IL-2 and IFN-gamma). It
      was possible to increase the yields of individual lymphokines 3 to 10-fold per
      batch of lymphocytes by a reinduction procedure which involved a change of medium
      and mitogen every 24 hrs. Reinduction was possible up to 4 times, especially when
      serum was present in the culture media.

PMID- 6425205
TI  - Perpetual proliferation of LYT-1 cells requires repetitive signals for IL-2
      receptor induction by antigen-presenting cells.
AB  - T cell lines with specificity for bovine insulin and ovalbumin were maintained by
      serial stimulation with antigen presented on irradiated syngeneic spleen cells,
      alternating 3 days later with subculture in IL-2 containing medium (CM). When the
      cultures were repetitively split in CM, with concomitant dilution of antigen
      presenting cells, a gradual loss of proliferative capacity of the cells in the
      presence of CM was observed. Absorption studies revealed a 20-fold reduction of
      IL-2 receptors on the surface of T blasts assayed 12 days after antigenic
      stimulation as compared with day 5 blasts. This decrement in the number of IL-2
      acceptor sites reflected an actual decrease in cell surface density of IL-2
      receptors. Restimulation of the T blasts with antigen and spleen cells induced
      both a substantial increase in IL-2 receptor density and responsiveness to CM.
      Furthermore, the permanent presence of antigen and spleen cells during splitting
      of the T blasts in CM prevented the loss of responsiveness to IL-2. As an
      interpretation we propose that the Lyt-1 cells studied here clear their IL-2
      receptors from the cell surface after interaction with IL-2. Thus, each new round
      of replication of the daughter cells would be dependent on induction of IL-2
      receptors by activating signals provided by antigen/Ia structures on accessory
      cells as well as possibly accessory cell products such as IL-1, rendering Lyt-1
      cells sensitive to regulatory influences.

PMID- 6425206
TI  - Gamma-interferon induction in human lymphoblasts compared with fresh mononuclear
      leucocytes: earlier synthesis, rapid shut-off and enhancement of yields by
      metabolic inhibitors.
AB  - The mechanisms of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) induction in fresh human
      peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBML) and proliferating lymphoblasts
      were compared. Cotreatment with mitogen (Staphylococcal enterotoxin A) and tumour
      promoter (mezerein) was used to induce maximum IFN-gamma production and thus to
      study the induction process under optimum conditions. Total IFN yields were about
      the same from both cell types. Proliferating lymphocytes produced IFN much
      earlier and more transiently than fresh PBML. Experiments with actinomycin D
      indicated that de novo synthesis of RNA was required for IFN-gamma production in
      both PBML and lymphoblasts, but that for maximal IFN-gamma production,
      lymphoblasts required RNA synthesis for a shorter period (1 hr) after induction
      than did fresh PBML (greater than 15 hr). Appropriate schedules of treatment with
      metabolic inhibitors actually increased IFN production in lymphoblasts. This
      'superinduction' could not be demonstrated for fresh PBML, implying differences
      in the turn-off of IFN-gamma production in these two cell types. Taken together,
      these results indicate that IFN-gamma expression is regulated differently in
      quiescent and activated lymphocytes.

PMID- 6425207
TI  - Follicular growth & induction of ovulation by gonadotrophins in the common
      marmoset Callithrix jacchus.

PMID- 6425208
TI  - Genetic dissection of replication unit of Drosophila: Part I--Autonomy of control
      of termination.

PMID- 6425209
TI  - Thyroid hormones in liver diseases.

PMID- 6425210
TI  - Fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis & M. scrofulaceum in guinea pigs after
      intracisternal inoculation.

PMID- 6425211
TI  - Foetal cell leak (FCL) studies in spontaneous & induced abortion.

PMID- 6425212
TI  - Production of autoimmune liver damage in sheep.

PMID- 6425213
TI  - Aeruginocine typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originating from dairy cows, their
      environment and other sources.

PMID- 6425214
TI  - Rickettsial interactions with human endothelial cells in vitro: adherence and
      entry.
AB  - Rickettsia prowazekii, Madrid E strain, was assessed for its ability to enter
      endothelial cells derived from the veins of human umbilical cord in vitro.
      Rickettsial entry increased linearly with multiplicity of infection up to a
      multiplicity of 500; thereafter, additional rickettsiae adhered, but without a
      concomitant increase in the number of intracellular rickettsiae. Rickettsial
      entry required participation both of rickettsiae and endothelial cells;
      inactivation of rickettsiae with N-ethylmaleimide or Formalin, or of endothelial
      cells with cytochalasin B or D or NaF greatly reduced rickettsial entry. Because
      rickettsiae adhered to inactivated endothelial cells, adherence could be examined
      in the absence of entry. Rickettsial adherence was inhibited by poisons that
      inhibited rickettsial hemolysis. Calcium ionophore A23187, which did not inhibit
      endothelial pinocytosis, stimulated rickettsial adherence to endothelial cells,
      but inhibited rickettsial entry. These results indicated that typhus rickettsiae
      entered endothelial cells via induced phagocytosis, and that the signal for
      entry, which was dependent upon rickettsial energy, probably involved formation
      of a calcium gradient.

PMID- 6425215
TI  - Inhibition of growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured fibroblasts by human
      recombinant gamma interferon.
AB  - The growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured human fibroblasts was inhibited by
      recombinant human gamma interferon at concentrations of 8 to 16 U/ml. The
      interferon was titrated by observing a total inhibition of parasite plaque
      formation 7 days after infection. Inhibition of the growth of T. gondii in the
      early days after infection was measured by marked reductions in the incorporation
      of radioactive uracil, a precursor that can only be used by the parasites. This
      assay showed that when cells were pretreated with gamma interferon for 1 day and
      then infected, inhibition of T. gondii growth could be readily detected 1 or 2
      days after infection. When the pretreatment was omitted and parasites and gamma
      interferon were added at the same time, no inhibition of parasite growth could be
      detected 1 day later, although it was apparent after 2 days. Cultures from which
      the gamma interferon had been removed by washing after a 1-day treatment showed
      inhibition of T. gondii growth. Gamma interferon had no effect on the viability
      of extracellular parasites, but it did inhibit the synthesis of host cell RNA and
      protein by ca. 50% 3 days after treatment. This degree of inhibition is unlikely,
      of itself, to compromise the growth of T. gondii. Recombinant alpha and beta
      interferons had no effect on the growth of T. gondii.

PMID- 6425216
TI  - Developmental interrelationship of specific Lyt 123 and Lyt 1 cell sets in
      expression of antibacterial immunity to Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - Lyt phenotypes of peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes from Listeria monocytogenes
      immune mice were determined with respect to their capacity to confer protection
      upon local or systemic transfer. It is shown that, locally, Lyt 1 T cells provide
      protection, whereas only unselected native populations, containing adequate
      numbers of Lyt 123 T cells, were effective in transferring systemic protection.
      When Lyt 1 T cells were the crucial cell type (local transfer), admixture of Lyt
      123-containing peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyte-enriched cells did not enhance
      protection, save for slight additive effects. Likewise, when Lyt 123-containing
      peritoneal exudate T lymphocyte-enriched cells were the crucial cell type
      (systemic transfer), admixture of various numbers of Lyt 1 cells was without
      marked effect. A change in Lyt phenotype from Lyt 123 to Lyt 1 paralleled by an
      increase of protective capacity upon local transfer was observed when sensitivity
      of early and late exudate T cells to anti-Lyt 2.2 antiserum plus complement
      treatment was investigated. The data suggest that (i) the propensity of specific
      T cells to enter exudates is associated with the Lyt 123 phenotype, (ii) the
      actual effector cell of antibacterial protection is an Lyt 1 T cell, and (iii) a
      developmental interrelation exists between Lyt 123 T cells and Lyt 1 T cells in T
      cell-dependent protection of mice against L. monocytogenes.

PMID- 6425217
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to exotoxin A from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for exotoxin A from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA103 were derived from the fusion of spleen cells
      from mice immunized with: (i) purified exotoxin A, (ii) Formalin-treated exotoxin
      A, (iii) exotoxin A covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B, or (iv) P. aeruginosa
      infected mice. All hybridomas were screened and selected by using an enzyme
      linked immuno-adsorbent assay. All antibody isotypes were represented
      (immunoglobulins G, A, and M) as determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent
      assay. The most productive fusions resulted from immunization with antigens
      coupled to an insoluble matrix, such as Sepharose 4B, or by infection of mice.
      Several hybridomas were selected and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity
      of the monoclonal antibodies for exotoxin A was demonstrated by indirect
      immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled exotoxin A followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and by the immunoblotting technique.
      The protective ability of certain monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated in vitro
      by toxin neutralization in tissue culture and in vivo by prolonged survival time
      in the burned mouse infection model, after passive immunization. One monoclonal
      antitoxin displayed specificity for PA103-derived exotoxin yet failed to react
      with exotoxin purified from PAO-PR1 or PAO1, suggesting that structural
      differences exist between these exotoxins.

PMID- 6425218
TI  - Properties of cross-linked toxoid vaccines made with hyperantigenic forms of
      synthetic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin.
AB  - The ability of hyperantigenic preparations of synthetically produced Escherichia
      coli heat-stable toxin (ST) to provide an immunogenically more potent vaccine
      when cross-linked by the glutaraldehyde reaction to the heat-labile toxin B
      subunit was assessed. Three synthetic ST preparations were evaluated: ST(S) had
      the same antigenicity and toxicity (secretory potency in the suckling mouse
      assay) as native ST, ST 1056 had 3.5-fold more antigenicity and 1% toxicity, and
      ST(C) had 15-fold greater antigenicity and 31% toxicity. Vaccines that contained
      equal antigenic proportions of ST and B subunit, as determined by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays, consisted by weight of 52% ST(S), 25% ST 1056, and 9%
      ST(C). The initially lower toxicity and smaller proportions by weight of
      hyperantigenic ST preparations yielded vaccines that had nearly 10-fold less
      residual ST toxicity than the ST(S) vaccine. Immunization of rats with graded
      dosages of vaccines containing 9% ST(C) and 51% ST(S) by weight, but equal
      amounts of ST(S) antigenicity, raised to the same degree dose-dependent increases
      in mucosal immunoglobulin A antitoxin titers to ST(S) which correlated with the
      amount of protection against challenge with a viable LT-/ST+ strain. These
      observations indicate that hyperantigenic synthetic ST preparations provide
      immunologically more potent vaccines than those obtained with the previously used
      synthetic ST(S) preparation, which has the same biological properties as native
      ST.

PMID- 6425219
TI  - Monoclonal antibody against a genus-specific antigen of Chlamydia species:
      location of the epitope on chlamydial lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared by the fusion of murine myeloma NS1 cells
      with spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with Formalin-killed elementary bodies
      of the Chlamydia trachomatis L2 serovar. The specificity of these monoclonal
      antibodies was determined with a solid-phase immunoassay in which HeLa 229 cells
      infected with C. trachomatis serovars D, G, H, I, L2 and the Chlamydia psittaci
      meningopneumonitis strain Cal-10 were used. An immunoglobulin G3 monoclonal
      antibody (L2I-6) was identified that reacted with both C. trachomatis- and C.
      psittaci-infected HeLa cells. The immunoreactivity of the genus-specific epitope
      was heat resistant (100 degrees C, 10 min) but was destroyed by sodium
      metaperiodate treatment. Further characterization of the chlamydial specificity
      of monoclonal antibody L2I-6 by microimmunofluorescence showed that it was
      reactive with all 15 C. trachomatis serovars and seven C. psittaci strains
      isolated from five different animal species. We undertook studies to identify the
      biochemical nature of the chlamydial component on which the genus-specific
      epitope was located. The immunoreactive component was isolated by hot phenol
      water extraction of dithiothreitol-reduced chlamydial elementary bodies. The
      component was positive in the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test (results of Limulus
      amoebocyte lysate assay were identical with those of Salmonella typhimurium LT2
      SAI 377 Re lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), contained 8.8% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic
      acid, was resistant to proteinase K, and possessed electrophoretic mobility and
      silver-staining characteristics in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis consistent with a rough LPS or glycolipid. On the basis of these
      findings, we conclude that the genus-specific epitope recognized by monoclonal
      L2I-6 is located on chlamydial LPS. We further characterized the antigenic
      properties of the chlamydial LPS epitope by examining the immunoreactivity of
      monoclonal antibody L2I-6 by immunoblotting analyses against isolated LPSs
      extracted from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, S. typhimurium, and Escherichia coli.
      Monoclonal antibody L2I-6 did not bind LPS of these organisms, demonstrating that
      the chlamydial genus-specific LPS epitope is apparently not shared by these gram
      negative bacteria. We were able, however, to show that the chlamydial LPS does
      share antigenic determinants with LPS of gram-negative organisms. Polyclonal
      rabbit antisera raised against S. typhimurium Re LPS or lipid A showed intense
      immunological cross-reactivity with chlamydial LPS by immunoblotting.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6425220
TI  - Mechanism of impaired iron release by the reticuloendothelial system during the
      hypoferremic phase of experimental Neisseria meningitidis infection in mice.
AB  - Hypoferremia, the reduction of plasma transferrin iron levels during infection,
      has been shown to control Neisseria meningitidis infection in mice. The exact
      nature of the mechanism that regulates this response has been obscure. We have
      previously shown that hypoferremia does not result from an accelerated removal of
      iron from the plasma transferrin pool. In this study, we have examined the
      processing of iron by the reticuloendothelial system during infection. Normal and
      hypoferremic meningococcus-infected mice were injected with 59Fe-labeled
      erythrocytes. Kinetics of uptake and redistribution of the label indicated that
      during the hypoferremic phase of the infection, reticuloendothelial system
      processed iron was not returned to the plasma transferrin pool. Fractionation of
      hepatic cellular compartments showed that this impaired release of iron resulted
      from a preferential incorporation of heme-derived iron into the intracellular
      ferritin pool during the hypoferremic phase of the infection. These findings
      indicate that this withholding of iron within the intracellular pool leads to
      hypoferremia and therefore denies the extracellular pathogen its essential iron.

PMID- 6425221
TI  - Role of the H-2s haplotype in survival of mice after infection with Trypanosoma
      cruzi.
AB  - In studies of the resistance of inbred mice to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi
      Peru, mouse strain B10.S was the only strain which survived the infection
      resulting from the inoculation of 10(3) trypomastigotes. This is the only inbred
      mouse strain studied to survive infection. To investigate the effect of the H-2
      haplotype on survival, C57BL/10 congenic mouse strains bearing H-2S recombinant
      haplotypes and mouse strains A.SWSn/J and SJL/J were tested for their ability to
      overcome the T. cruzi infection. None of the recombinant strains tested,
      including B10.S(7R), B10.S(8R), B10.S(9R), and B10.HTT, survived the infection,
      indicating that at least two or more regions of the H-2 locus must be H-2S to
      ensure survival. Strains A.SWSn/J and SJL/J with the H-2S haplotype did not
      survive, indicating that the genetic background outside the H-2 complex also
      influences survival. The congenic F1 hybrid (C57BL/10 X B10.S) F1 exhibited
      intermediate survival levels when compared with the parental strains, indicating
      that H-2S survival is affected by gene dosage. The F1 hybrid strain [B10.S(7R) X
      B10.S(8R)]F1, which possesses the complete H-2S haplotype in the trans
      configuration, did not survive T. cruzi infection, suggesting that H-2S-mediated
      survival does not operate by trans complementation.

PMID- 6425222
TI  - Enhancement of host resistance against Listeria infection by Lactobacillus casei:
      role of macrophages.
AB  - Among the 10 species of the genus Lactobacillus, L. casei showed the strongest
      protective action against Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. The activity
      of L. casei differed with regard to the dose of administration. The anti-L.
      monocytogenes resistance in mice intravenously administered 5.5 X 10(7), 2.8 X
      10(8), or 1.1 X 10(9) L. casei cells was most manifest at ca. 2, 2 and 13, and 3
      to 21 days after its administration, respectively. The growth of L. monocytogenes
      in the liver of mice injected with L. casei (10(7), 10(8), or 10(9) cells) 48 h
      after infection was suppressed, particularly when 10(8) or 10(9) L. casei cells
      were given 2 or 13 days before the induced infection, respectively. This
      suppression of L. monocytogenes growth was overcome by carrageenan treatment or X
      ray irradiation. [3H]thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA increased 13 days
      after administration of L. casei, and augmentation of [3H]thymidine incorporation
      during 6 to 48 h after infection was dependent on the dose of L. casei.
      Peritoneal macrophage accumulation observed 1 to 5 days after intraperitoneal
      injection of UV-killed L. monocytogenes was markedly enhanced when the mice were
      treated with L. casei cells 13 days before macrophage elicitation. Therefore, the
      enhanced host resistance by L. casei to L. monocytogenes infection may be
      mediated by macrophages migrating from the blood stream to the
      reticuloendothelial system in response to L. casei injection before or after L.
      monocytogenes infection.

PMID- 6425223
TI  - Resistance of bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibody to in vitro and in
      vivo proteolysis.
AB  - Pregnant cows immunized with cholera enterotoxin produce an immunoglobulin G
      class 1 antibody that enters the colostrum in high titer. After exposure to
      intestinal enzymes, this antibody remains immunologically reactive and inhibits
      intestinal fluid secretion in infant and adult rabbits exposed to cholera
      enterotoxin. Specific bovine colostral antibodies may be a source of passive
      immune protection for human infants and adults at risk for cholera and other
      enteric diseases.

PMID- 6425224
TI  - Role of lipopolysaccharide in virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      was studied. The virulence of several P. aeruginosa strains for burned mice was
      found to be directly related to the dispersion of LPS into either the phenol or
      the water phase after extraction. Virulence decreased as the proportion of LPS
      recovered from the phenol phase increased. No similar correlation was observed
      when several other strain characteristics were investigated. This phenomenon was
      studied in greater detail by using the "smooth"-specific phage E79 to select
      mutants altered in LPS structure. One such mutant, PA220-R2, was extensively
      characterized. LPS isolated from PA220-R2 was found to be completely deficient in
      high-molecular-weight polysaccharide material. This alteration rendered the
      strain serum sensitive and dramatically changed the reaction with O-specific
      typing sera and sensitivity to typing phages. However, motility, toxin A and
      elastase production, and 22 metabolic functions remained unchanged. PA220-R2 was
      found to be comparatively nonvirulent, with a 50% lethal dose more than 1,000
      fold higher than that of its parent for burned mice. This was due to the
      inability of PA220-R2 to establish an infection in burned skin.

PMID- 6425225
TI  - Economics for veterinary farm practice.

PMID- 6425226
TI  - 99mTc-labelled compounds prepared with molybdenum III as reducing agent.
AB  - The experiment of labelling DTPA, HEDSPA and gluconate revealed that it is also
      possible to make successful use of Mo(III) to reduce pertechnetate in solution of
      pH 5.5. 99mTc after i.v. administration of [99mTc]Mo-DTPA is quickly removed from
      the organism without any more remarkable cumulation being manifested in any one
      of the organs; after administration of [99mTc]Mo-HEDSPA it is cumulated in bones
      (42% in 1 h). During gluconate labelling two types of technetium complexes are
      formed depending upon the duration of pertechnetate reduction. Complex I is
      formed during 1-3 min reduction, giving, in biological experiments, 20% of
      applied 99mTc activity within 2 h in kidneys. Complex II, which is formed after
      45 min reduction, loses its affinity towards kidneys, being cumulated in bones
      (12% in 2 h).

PMID- 6425227
TI  - Myocardial exchange of metabolites after nitroglycerin in patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - We studied the effects of sublingual nitroglycerin (dose range 0.5-1.0 mg) on
      cardiac metabolism in the resting state in 12 patients with chronic coronary
      artery disease. Seven patients with chronic coronary artery disease served as a
      control group. No patient from either of the groups experienced angina pectoris
      during the study. Reduced heart work after nitroglycerin was evident from a 34%
      decrease of oxygen uptake (P less than 0.001) and a 35% fall in coronary sinus
      blood flow (P less than 0.01). Nitroglycerin decreased lactate extraction by 30%
      (P less than 0.05), lactate uptake by 58% (P less than 0.025); glucose uptake by
      47% (P less than 0.01) while net exchange of free fatty acids did not change. The
      aorto-coronary sinus difference of plasma citrate became increasingly negative
      (from -4 +/- 3 mumol/l to -8 +/- 2 mumol/l) (P less than 0.02) after
      nitroglycerin. In the control group coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial
      exchange of oxygen and substrates remained unchanged. Our results suggest a
      relatively increased myocardial utilization of free fatty acids compared with
      that of carbohydrates after nitroglycerin. This may in part be explained as an
      inhibition of glycolysis due to citrate accumulation. The study indicates that
      myocardial lipid-carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed in chronic coronary artery
      disease even in patients without clinical evidence of ischaemia in resting state
      and that nitroglycerin reverses this condition towards the metabolism of the
      normal heart.

PMID- 6425228
TI  - Cost variations in Scottish adult training centres.

PMID- 6425229
TI  - Temporomandibular arthropathy. Clinical, radiologic, and therapeutic aspects,
      with emphasis on diagnosis.

PMID- 6425230
TI  - Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Report of two cases and review of the
      Japanese literature.
AB  - 2 cases of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity are presented. In addition, 19
      Japanese patients of verrucous carcinoma of the oral region from the literature
      are reviewed with respect to several clinical items.

PMID- 6425231
TI  - The rise and fall of a new anti-inflammatory analgesic.
AB  - The efficacy of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), GP 53.633
      (GP), was tested versus placebo in a double-blind cross-over study. 24 healthy
      young individuals with impacted asymptomatic lower third molars, of similar shape
      and position in the jaw on both sides, underwent surgery on 2 separate occasions.
      The patients randomly received the active drug at one and placebo at the other
      operation. A number of subjective and objective assessments were made for paired
      comparison, including: pain, local temperature, swelling, post-operative
      bleeding, trismus, adverse effects, preference scores, wound healing, bone
      regeneration and laboratory examinations. The drug caused a significant reduction
      of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus. Global therapeutic effect and
      preference scores were highly in favour of the active drug. In the GP period,
      there was a statistically significant reduction in Hgb, RBC, lymphocytes and ESR,
      and an increase in neutrophils 3 days after the operation, compared to placebo.
      Individual values indicate a potentially clinically relevant effect of GP on Hgb
      and RBC. The clinical relevance of the changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte
      count, however, is questionable. The drug seemed to have no influence on the
      other laboratory parameters studied. Adverse effects occurred in 2 patients on GP
      and in 7 patients on placebo. The drug compares favourably with other NSAID
      tested in the same model.

PMID- 6425232
TI  - Replantation of avulsed teeth after long extra-alveolar periods.
AB  - In 11 patients, 18 teeth, with extra-alveolar periods ranging from 6 h to 48 days
      were replanted after root-filling with chloroform resin and guttapercha. After
      observation periods from 1 to 7 years, only 1 tooth was lost (after 5 years), but
      the remaining 17 teeth were clinically well functioning. All teeth were ankylotic
      and subjected to replacement resorption of various extent. Inflammatory root
      resorption and periradicular osteitis were not observed. Marginal bone loss up to
      5 mm was noticed, but was accompanied by gingival retraction and thus
      pathological periodontal pockets (5 mm) were not observed. Consequently, teeth
      replanted after long extra-alveolar periods (even several days) can function for
      many years and thus postpone prosthetic treatment.

PMID- 6425233
TI  - Cryopreservation of mature teeth before replantation in monkeys (I). Effect of
      different cryoprotective agents and freezing devices.
AB  - Cryopreservation is clinically relevant in storage of teeth for transplantation
      or replantation. The effect of cryopreservation was studied by histometric
      analysis of 60 teeth replanted in 10 green Vervet monkeys. The following
      cryopreserving agents were examined: 5% and 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 10%
      glycerol. Furthermore, 2 types of freezing method were compared: automatic
      biological freezing (Cryoson) and a simplified freezing device of Sperling.
      Cryopreserved teeth were stored for 1 week at - 196 degrees before replantation.
      The histometric analysis carried out 8 weeks after replantation showed that 5%
      DMSO had the best effects in protecting the periodontal ligament (PDL) during
      cryopreservation. This medium induced no replacement resorption and secured a
      considerable extent of normal periodontal ligament compared to the control teeth
      replanted immediately without cryopreservation. 10% DMSO and 10% glycerol also
      preserved the PDL but with a lower degree of survival and a higher degree of
      ankylosis. 10% DMSO exposed at 0 degree C followed by immediate replantation did
      not induce any pathological effect on the PDL. All cryopreserved teeth showed
      some degree of inflammatory resorption. However, this could be due to the
      expected necrosis of the pulp tissues of the frozen teeth because of the lack of
      diffusion of cryoprotectant agent into the pulp of mature teeth.

PMID- 6425234
TI  - Gingival manifestation in linear nevus sebaceous syndrome.
AB  - Gingival involvement was observed in an 11-year-old female patient with linear
      nevus sebaceous syndrome. Clinical, histological and scanning-electronmicroscopic
      findings are described. 4 years after surgical removal, the oral lesion recurred;
      clinical and histological features are presented. Problems in diagnosis,
      differential diagnosis and validity of oral involvement in the linear nevus
      sebaceous syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 6425235
TI  - Penetration of 27- and 30-gauge dental needles.
AB  - Two types of disposable injection needles were tested clinically for pain of
      insertion, and penetration resistance. The 30-gauge needle required significantly
      less force (69 mN) than the 27-gauge needle (139 mN). The difference in pain
      perception was less remarkable. The author advises that a 30-gauge needle be used
      in any infiltration injection.

PMID- 6425236
TI  - The toxicity of tritium: the effects of tritiated amino-acids on preimplanted
      mouse embryos.
AB  - The effects of tritiated amino-acids, arginine, lysine, histidine and aspartic
      acid on the growth and development of two-cell mouse embryos, cultured in vitro,
      were investigated. The LD50 for the dibasic amino acids, measured on the third
      day of growth, ranged from 30 to 130 nCi/ml. This was compared with the DNA
      precursor, thymidine, for which the LD50 was 80 nCi/ml.

PMID- 6425237
TI  - [Immunologic deficiency diseases].

PMID- 6425238
TI  - [64-year-old patient with a long-term cramp syndrome].

PMID- 6425239
TI  - Effects of subretinal and systemic osmolality on the rate of subretinal fluid
      resorption.
AB  - Small norhegmatogenous retinal detachments (blebs) were made in Dutch rabbit eyes
      by injecting solution into the subretinal space. There was no difference in
      resorption time between blebs made with isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic sodium
      chloride. However, blebs made with sucrose solution took longer to resorb than
      those made with Hanks' solution, regardless of whether the sucrose was hypotonic
      or hypertonic. Intravenous injection of hyperosmotic solution (mannitol)
      accelerated the resorption of Hanks'-filled blebs but the injection of
      hypoosmotic solution (water) had no clear effect. The authors conclude that
      osmotic differences between the subretinal space, and the vitreous and/or
      choroid, are rapidly equilibrated by the surrounding tissues; but the rate of
      bleb resorption will be affected by the size and membrane permeability of the
      molecules within the subretinal space. The effects of increased serum osmolality
      may involve not only osmotic pressure but an opening of the tight junctions of
      the RPE.

PMID- 6425240
TI  - Inhibition by various antiarthritic agents of murine splenic B cell colony
      formation.
AB  - There is accumulated evidence suggesting that a polyclonal B cell activation is a
      primary etiologic defect of autoimmune diseases in both mice and humans. Based on
      this previous finding, the influence of various antiarthritic agents on
      lipopolysaccharide-induced B cell colony formation in mouse spleen cells was
      studied. When added to cell culture, aurothioglucose, chloroquine, and
      prostaglandin E1 had a suppressive effect on B cell colony formation at
      clinically relevant concentrations. A 50% suppression was obtained at 10(-7) to
      10(-8) M for aurothioglucose, 10(-7) M for chloroquine, and 10(-7) to 10(-8) M
      for prostaglandin E1, respectively. All of the immunosuppressive drugs and
      glucocorticoids examined decreased the number of colonies with a variety of
      intensity. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have only a slight inhibitory
      effect at high concentrations. Both penicillamine and levamisole had no effect on
      B cell colony formation. This experimental system might be useful in searching
      for new and unique drugs and in evaluating the mode of action of drugs used
      against autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 6425241
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of cytochalasins in the differentiation of
      cytolytic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Four naturally occurring cytochalasins and three synthetic congeners have been
      studied for their effects on in vitro sensitization of murine lymphocytes to P815
      mastocytoma. The relative order of effectiveness of these secondary fungal
      metabolites in inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development is as follows:
      cytochalasin D greater than cytochalasin E greater than cytochalasin A greater
      than cytochalasin B, 21,22- dihydrocytochalasin A greater than 7-
      acetylcytochalasin D. The 7,20 diacetylcytochalasin B derivative was inactive at
      the highest level tested (4 X 10(-6) M). Cytochalasin D is the most effective
      compound, producing at 5 X 10(-8) M a 50% inhibition of 51Cr release in a 4-hr
      cytolysis assay. This response pattern is in keeping with other test systems that
      implicate actin involvement, and underscores the contribution of an unsubstituted
      7-hydroxyl drug function in receptor recognition. Inhibition produced by the
      cytochalasins is reversible if the compounds are removed from the tissue culture
      medium within the first 24 hr of a 4-day culture period. Delayed addition of
      cytochalasin D inhibits T cell development only within this first 24 hr of
      culture. These data suggest that the effects of cytochalasins are at an early
      step in the sensitization process, possibly antigen recognition.

PMID- 6425242
TI  - Time required for solutions to flow through pulmonary artery catheters before
      entering the systemic circulation.

PMID- 6425243
TI  - Treatment of Paget's bone disease with the bisphosphonate APD.

PMID- 6425244
TI  - Ultrastructure and enzyme histochemistry of the marmoset yolk sac and embryonic
      intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 6425245
TI  - Hydrolase histochemistry of the marmoset digestive tract.

PMID- 6425246
TI  - A comparative study of lactase and sucrase-isomaltase activities and
      immunoreactivities in jejunal biopsies of patients suffering from the
      malabsorption syndrome.

PMID- 6425247
TI  - Ultrastructure and enzyme histochemistry of maternal blood vessels in the
      marmoset placenta.

PMID- 6425248
TI  - Human cutaneous dendritic cells express two glycoproteins T6 and M241 which are
      biochemically identical to those found on cortical thymocytes.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies anti-T6 and anti-M241 define unique cell populations within
      different lineages: cortical thymocytes and dendritic cells in the skin. T6
      positive cutaneous dendritic cells are located predominantly in the epidermis and
      belong to the Langerhans/indeterminate lineage, whereas, most of the M241
      positive cells are located in the perivascular regions of the dermis. Biochemical
      analysis of thymocytes and cutaneous dendritic cells was performed in order to
      determine whether the reactivity of these antibodies with these cell types is due
      to sharing of antigenic determinants by two unrelated proteins, or whether
      similar proteins are present on cells of different lineages. Our results indicate
      that T6 antigens are borne by the same glycoprotein (49K) on cortical thymocytes
      and Langerhans/indeterminate cells. Similarly, M241 antigens isolated from
      thymocytes and cutaneous dendritic cells are found on the same glycoprotein
      (43K).

PMID- 6425249
TI  - Pyramidal tract function and the clinical "pyramidal syndrome".
AB  - In this review, I wish to reconcile clinical usage of terminology and
      experimental concepts of pyramidal tract function. The traditional view, based
      essentially on neurological observations in stroke patients, was that this tract
      provides the structural basis of volitional movements. This concept is too simple
      and understanding of pyramidal tract function needs a considerably larger
      perspective. The view is discussed that the pyramidal tract is composed of
      subsystems with different cortical origin, fibre terminations and fibre sizes.
      The system shares its motor control function with other descending pathways and
      it also contributes to the phenomenon of descending control of sensory inflow.
      The pyramidal system plays a special role in the control of digital skill and
      speed of movements. However, there are also somewhat neglected observations that
      point to its function in postural control.

PMID- 6425250
TI  - The structure of the vomeronasal organ and nasopalatine ducts in Aotus
      trivirgatus and some other primate species.
AB  - A vomeronasal organ and patent nasopalatine ducts were found in adult specimens
      of Aotus trivirgatus, Arctocebus calabarensis, Ateles geoffroyi and Saguinus
      fuscicollis. The vomeronasal complex appeared to be functional except in Ateles.
      However, the relative size of the organ in the Platyrrhini is much reduced
      compared to that in prosimians. The possible role of the organ in mediating
      neuroendocrine processes in primates is discussed.

PMID- 6425252
TI  - Orchiectomy in young rats results in differential regulation of follicle
      stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone content.
AB  - While it is generally accepted that GnRH stimulates release of pituitary
      gonadotropins, it is not clear what regulates synthesis. The orchiectomized
      immature rat, with sustained high plasma levels of LH and FSH, provides an
      opportunity to study how gonadotropin biosynthesis responds to loss of the gonad.
      We have measured plasma and pituitary LH and FSH in castrate and sham operated
      rats after orchiectomy at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of age. Plasma FSH and LH
      concentrations by RIA were markedly elevated in castrates within one to three
      days after castration, and they remained elevated in all groups. By contrast,
      pituitary content measurements revealed differences between the two
      gonadotropins: while LH content in castrates consistently exceeded that in
      controls, FSH content in castrates was lower. Pituitary LH excess was evident by
      seven to ten days after castration. The pituitary FSH deficit in younger animals
      was similarly apparent by seven to ten days. In the older groups, however, FSH
      content decreased as early as three days, but returned toward normal by 21 days.
      In orchiectomized young rats, pituitary LH is elevated, but FSH content is
      depressed. This discrepancy is delayed, but more marked, in younger rats. In view
      of sustained high plasma levels after castration, our findings imply differential
      regulation of synthesis, processing, or storage of the two gonadotropins.

PMID- 6425251
TI  - Periodic exposure to a brief light signal stimulates neuroendocrine-gonadal
      activity in golden hamsters.
AB  - The photoperiodic effects of a periodic light pulse on neuroendocrine-gonadal
      activity in the male golden hamster was examined using a night interruption
      paradigm. Adult male hamsters that had been housed 3 to 5 per cage on LD 14:10
      were placed either in individual cages, each equipped with a running wheel, or
      maintained in communal housing conditions, without access to a running wheel.
      Animals were then transferred to either LD 6:18 or to a LD 6:18 light cycle with
      a periodic 10-second night interruption (8 hours after lights off) occurring once
      every two, four, or seven days. As expected, exposure to LD 6:18 for 11 weeks
      induced complete regression of the testes and seminal vesicles, accompanied by
      low serum levels of LH and FSH, in both individually and communally-housed
      animals. However, in individually-housed animals receiving a 10-second night
      interruption every other day on LD 6:18, paired testis and seminal vesicle
      weights, as well as serum gonadotropin levels, were maintained at values
      comparable to those normally observed in hamsters exposed to photostimulatory
      long days. Furthermore, the presentation of a periodic 10-second night
      interruption once every four or seven days to individually-housed animals with
      access to a running wheel was sufficient to partially or totally block the
      inhibitory effects of short days on neuroendocrine-gonadal activity. Communally
      housed hamsters receiving a 10-second light pulse once every two, four, or seven
      days also exhibited paired testis and seminal vesicle weights, as well as serum
      gonadotropin levels, that were consistently higher than the values obtained for
      animals exposed only to LD 6:18.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425253
TI  - Administration of constant low doses of androgens to steers by silastic implant.
      Suppression of gonadotropins and peripheral conversion of androgens.
AB  - Yearling Hereford calves approximately 300 kg in weight were castrated and
      assigned to one of six treatment groups receiving subcutaneous implants (3
      implants, 0.5 cm diameter by 10 cm length, 10% steroid by weight) of either
      androstenedione (D); testosterone (T); 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (3
      beta-diol); dihydrotestosterone (DHT); androsterone (A); or control (no steroid).
      Blood samples were obtained at half-hour intervals for eight hours one day prior
      to, and one week after, castration. The castration-induced elevation in FSH
      secretion was suppressed or modified by the DHT, T, and 3 beta-diol implants. LH
      levels were not significantly suppressed. The T implants elevated serum T
      concentrations; DHT implants elevated serum 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta
      diol (3 alpha-diol) and 3 beta-diol, but not DHT concentrations; 3 beta-diol
      implants elevated serum 3 beta-diol concentrations. The effects of D and A
      implants upon serum androgen concentrations were not statistically significant,
      although observations in vitro suggested an adequate release rate. These data
      imply that T and DHT, or metabolites of DHT, suppress FSH secretion and suggest
      that extensive peripheral androgen metabolism occurs.

PMID- 6425254
TI  - Luteal phase insufficiency in the ewe as a consequence of premature induction of
      ovulation by intrafollicular injection of gonadotropins.
AB  - The largest ovarian follicle of ewes was injected on d 15 of the estrous cycle (2
      to 3 d before the anticipated preovulatory surge of gonadotropins) with saline or
      either luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in saline
      (5 micrograms). Ovulation was assumed based on the presence of an ovulation
      stigma at d 5 post-treatment. Control animals expressed estrus 2 to 3 d after
      treatment with saline, and during the estrous period ovulated from the treated
      follicle. Gonadotropin-treated animals ovulated from injected follicles
      prematurely and did not exhibit estrus. The stated observations with respect to
      time of ovulation were established by visual and hormonal criteria: (1) control
      follicles appeared to have ruptured within a day or two prior to relaparotomy
      (corpora hemorrhagica), whereas gonadotropin-treated follicles were in a more
      advanced stage of luteal development (corpora lutea); and (2) concentrations of
      systemic sera progesterone rose (P less than .05) in LH- and FSH-treated ewes 2d
      before such an increase in control animals. Luteal function was assessed by
      comparing sera concentrations of progesterone throughout the induced and
      spontaneous (vehicle controls) luteal phases. Premature stimulation of ovulation
      with either gonadotropin was followed by suppressed luteal function (maximum sera
      levels of progesterone in gonadotropin-treated animals and controls were slightly
      greater than 1 ng/ml and nearly 2.5 ng/ml, respectively; P less than .01). No
      differences in the level of luteal function due to treatment with LH or FSH were
      observed. The duration of the luteal phases of gonadotropin-treated animals were
      similar to controls (approximately 17 d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425255
TI  - Effect of charcoal-treated bovine follicular fluid on secretion of LH and FSH in
      ovariectomized heifers.
AB  - The objective of the experiment was to determine whether pools of charcoal
      treated bovine follicular fluid (bFF) removed from large (greater than 10 mm)
      follicles during the preovulatory (d 18 to 1), postovulatory (d 2 to 6) or mid
      cycle (d 7 to 17) stages of the bovine estrous cycle altered secretion of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ovariectomized
      heifers. After a 20-ml injection of bFF given at three consecutive 6-h intervals,
      secretion of FSH was depressed from approximately 116 to 53 ng/ml by each pool of
      bFF. In contrast, bFF did not affect secretion of LH. Serum from an
      ovariectomized cow (control) had no effect on secretion of LH or FSH. We
      concluded that bFF contained a nonsteroidal component (perhaps inhibin) that
      suppressed FSH secretion in heifers.

PMID- 6425256
TI  - Nursing enhances the negative effect of estrogen on LH release in the cow.
AB  - Twenty-three crossbred beef cows between 4 and 5 yr of age were assigned at
      random to one of six treatments: (1) ovariectomized 4 d postpartum (OVX) with
      early weaning of calves 21 d postpartum (OVX-EW; n = 4), (2) OVX-EW and 17 beta
      estradiol implants (OVX-E2-EW; n = 4), (3) OVX and normal nursing by calves
      throughout the experiment (OVX-NN; n = 3), (4) OVX-NN and 17 beta-estradiol
      implants (OVX-E2-NN; n = 4), (5) intact cows and early weaning of calves 21 d
      postpartum (EW), (6) intact cows and normal nursed (NN). Blood was collected at
      15-min intervals over a 4-h period once weekly during the 12-wk postpartum period
      in the OVX cows. Early weaned intact cows exhibited estrus 23 d sooner (P less
      than .05) than normally nursed cows. A hormone level for each cow at each week
      was determined from the mean of the 17 samples collected over the 4 h period each
      week. There were no significant changes due to E2 treatment, for concentrations
      of LH, FSH or number of pulses during wk 1 through 3. However, during wk 4
      through 12 the linear and quadratic contrasts of wk X estrogen X nursing were
      significant for serum LH, indicating there was no difference between the
      treatments for EW and NN without E2 but there was a large difference in the
      presence of E2. During nursing E2 suppressed serum LH below that of nonestrogen
      treated cows while after weaning E2 stimulated LH release above that of
      nonestrogen-treated cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425258
TI  - The lysine requirement of the growing boar versus barrow.
AB  - Five experiments were conducted to determine if boars and barrows differ in the
      level of dietary lysine required to maximize growth rate, efficiency of feed
      utilization, carcass leanness and N retention. In Exp. 1, 48 boars and 48 barrows
      were fed fortified corn-soybean meal diets calculated to contain 14 (grower) and
      12% protein (finisher) and supplemented with 0, .15 or .30% lysine from 27 to 105
      kg body weight. The basal diets analyzed .60 and .47% lysine, respectively.
      Linear improvements in feed/gain (P less than .01), backfat thickness (P less
      than .10), longissimus muscle area (P less than .01), and ham-loin (P less than
      .05) and lean cuts percentage (P less than .1) were observed in boars as dietary
      lysine increased. In barrows, however, growth rate, feed:gain ratio and carcass
      characteristics (except longissimus muscle area) were not significantly affected
      by dietary lysine level. In Exp. 2, 18 boars and 18 barrows initially averaging
      64 kg body weight were fed a 12% protein diet (.47% lysine) supplemented with 0,
      .15 or .30% lysine. Linear (P less than .05) increases in N retention occurred in
      boars, but not barrows, as dietary lysine was increased. In Exp. 3 and 4, 140
      boars (34 to 103 kg) were fed a 14-12% protein sequence (analyzed .61 and .48%
      lysine) supplemented with 0, .1, .2, .3 or .4% lysine. In Exp. 5, 60 boars (23 to
      103 kg) were fed a 16-14% protein sequence (analyzed .83 and .68% lysine)
      supplemented with 0, .075, .15 or .225% lysine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425257
TI  - Effect of lysine and threonine supplementation of sorghum gestation diets on
      nitrogen balance and plasma constituents in first-litter gilts.
AB  - Fifteen gravid, crossbred gilts were utilized in an experiment to measure the
      effect of five isonitrogenous dietary treatments (12% crude protein, sorghum
      soybean meal; sorghum; sorghum + lysine; sorghum + threonine; sorghum + lysine +
      threonine) on N balance, colostrum composition and plasma constituents (protein,
      urea N and IgG). All gilts were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet from
      breeding until switched to the sorghum basal diet, on d 60 of gestation.
      Treatment diets were imposed at d 70. Nitrogen retention, measured between d 103
      and 113 of gestation, was improved (P less than .002) by lysine addition.
      Nitrogen retention was similar (P greater than .10) for gilts fed either the 12%
      crude protein, sorghum-soybean meal diet or the lysine + threonine-supplemented
      diet. Plasma protein levels at farrowing were depressed (P less than .06) in
      those gilts fed sorghum diets without supplemental lysine and plasma urea N was
      elevated (P less than .10). Plasma protein and plasma urea N were not affected by
      threonine supplementation (P greater than .10). In contrast, the depression of
      plasma IgG was ameliorated (P less than .03) by threonine and unaffected by
      lysine supplementation. These results confirm the hypothesis that lysine is the
      first limiting amino acid in sorghum protein for gravid gilts as determined by N
      retention but indicate that threonine is likely the first limiting amino acid for
      the production of the specific protein, IgG.

PMID- 6425259
TI  - Testicular development and endocrine characteristics of boars selected for either
      high or low testis size.
AB  - Thirty-six Landrace x Large White cross boars were selected from litters with
      either high or low estimated breeding values for 150-d paired testis weight.
      Blood samples were taken via jugular venipuncture at eight ages (42, 56, 70, 84,
      98, 112, 126 and 140 d). At each sampling age, nine blood samples were taken at
      30-min intervals. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined on the individual serum
      samples. Serum samples from each boar at each age were pooled and concentrations
      of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol-17 beta (E2) and testosterone
      (T) were determined. Paired testis width, testis length and body weight were
      measured at 98, 112, 126 and 140 d of age. Backfat probe, weights of excised
      testes and histological data on testes were obtained at 140 d of age. Boars with
      high testis weight (HTW) were heavier (P less than .05), had higher adjusted
      backfat probes (P less than .01) and had consistently larger in situ testis
      measurements (P less than .01) than did low testis weight (LTW) boars. Boars with
      HTW had heavier (P less than .01) testes and epididymides at 140 d of age. They
      also had a higher percentage of seminiferous tubules in which spermatogenesis was
      present (P less than .05), a larger percentage of tubules with a lumen (P less
      than .05) and tubules had a larger mean diameter (P less than .01) than did those
      of boar with LTW. Adjustment of in situ testis measurements and excised testis
      weights for body weight reduced line differences by less than 20%. A rise in LH
      concentrations occurred at approximately 100 d of age. Boars with HTW had higher
      (P less than .05) and more variable (P less than .01) LH concentrations than did
      boars with LTW. Boars with HTW also had higher maximum concentrations of LH
      during the pubertal rise (P less than .01) and these concentrations tended to
      reach maximum levels at younger ages. Concentrations of T increased in a fashion
      that was nearly linear with age (P less than .01) and tended to be higher for the
      boars with HTW (P less than .10). Concentrations of E2 changed little from 42 to
      84 d of age but increased steadily thereafter. Boars with HTW had a more rapid
      increase in E2 concentrations than did boars with LTW (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6425260
TI  - Anaerobiosis induces expression of ant, a new Escherichia coli locus with a role
      in anaerobic electron transport.
AB  - Escherichia coli has a formate hydrogenlyase system which allows it to maintain
      an electron balance during anaerobic growth by passing electrons from formate to
      H+ ions, thus generating H2. The Mu d1(Ap lac) bacteriophage was used to generate
      mutants that were defective in passing electrons from formate to benzyl viologen,
      an artificial electron acceptor. A subset of these mutants was studied in which
      beta-galactosidase was expressed at much higher levels under anaerobic conditions
      than under aerobic conditions. If nitrate was present during anaerobic growth,
      the same levels of beta-galactosidase were seen in these fusion strains as were
      seen under aerobic conditions. The Mu d1(Ap lac) insertions in these mutants were
      genetically mapped between mutS and srl and thus define a new locus we have
      termed ant (anaerobic electron transport). Recombinant lambda derivatives were
      isolated which complemented the deficiency of the ant mutants in anaerobic
      electron transport and also carried a trans-acting region of DNA which reduced
      expression of the ant-lac fusions under anaerobic conditions; a probe to the ant
      region was generated from one of these recombinant lambda derivatives. Southern
      hybridization analysis revealed that the four independent ant::Mu d1(Ap lac)
      fusions we isolated spanned an approximately 5-kilobase region and that all were
      transcribed in the same direction, counterclockwise on the E. coli genetic map.

PMID- 6425261
TI  - Structural and functional properties of the folate transport protein from a
      methotrexate-resistant subline of Lactobacillus casei.
AB  - A methotrexate-resistant subline of Lactobacillus casei has been isolated which
      transports folate at a reduced rate and contains a binding protein whose affinity
      for folate (Kd = 280 nM) is considerably lower than that of the corresponding
      protein of wild-type cells (Kd = 0.6 nM). After the addition of mercaptoethanol,
      however, this same protein exhibits a high affinity for folate (Kd = 1.2 nM) and
      transports the substrate at a normal rate. Subsequent removal of mercaptoethanol
      causes a rapid reversal of the activation process. Binding protein labeled
      covalently with carbodiimide-activated [3H]folate, solubilized with Triton X-100,
      and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate had
      an apparent molecular weight which was approximately twofold higher than that of
      the corresponding protein of wild-type cells, but it could be reduced to the
      parental size (Mr = 20,000) by prior treatment with mercaptoethanol. Purified
      binding protein also exhibited a similarly elevated molecular weight, and its
      amino acid composition was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type
      counterpart, except for the presence of a single cysteine residue. These findings
      indicate that the mutant binding protein exists in a low-affinity form due to
      disulfide bridge formation between two homologous protein subunits and that
      cleavage of this bond by mercaptoethanol generates the high-affinity state. The
      rapid and specific interconversion of these binding forms suggests further that
      the high-affinity form of the binding protein also resides in the membrane as a
      dimer, held together by noncovalent interactions.

PMID- 6425262
TI  - Characterization and purification of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from
      Methanosarcina barkeri.
AB  - Carbon monoxide-dependent production of H2, CO2, and CH4 was detected in crude
      cell extracts of acetate-grown Methanosarcina barkeri. This metabolic
      transformation was associated with an active methyl viologen-linked CO
      dehydrogenase activity (5 to 10 U/mg of protein). Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
      activity was inhibited 85% by 10 microM KCN and was rapidly inactivated by O2.
      The enzyme was nearly homogeneous after 20-fold purification, indicating that a
      significant proportion of soluble cell protein was CO dehydrogenase (ca. 5%). The
      native purified enzyme displayed a molecular weight of 232,000 and a two-subunit
      composition of 92,000 and 18,000 daltons. The enzyme was shown to contain nickel
      by isolation of radioactive CO dehydrogenase from cells grown in 63Ni. Analysis
      of enzyme kinetic properties revealed an apparent Km of 5 mM for CO and a Vmax of
      1,300 U/mg of protein. The spectral properties of the enzyme were similar to
      those published for CO dehydrogenase from acetogenic anaerobes. The physiological
      functions of the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 6425263
TI  - Intermediary carbon metabolism of Azospirillum brasilense.
AB  - Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 grew rapidly in AZO medium containing reduced
      nitrogen and succinate as an energy source, with a doubling time of 43 min. No
      growth was measured with glucose as the sole carbon source. In contrast,
      Azospirillum lipoferum Sp 59b could grow in media containing either succinate or
      glucose with a doubling time of 69 min and 223 min, respectively. Warburg
      Barcroft respirometry showed that the rate of oxygen consumption by A. brasilense
      Sp 7 on glucose medium (0.034 mumol of O2 min-1 mg-1 of cell protein) was only
      one-quarter of that on succinate medium (0.14 mumol of O2 min-1 mg-1).
      Radioisotopic labeling showed that very little glucose was assimilated by A.
      brasilense Sp 7 as compared to succinate. High respiration rates were measured on
      A. lipoferum Sp 59b with either succinate (0.15 mumol of O2 min-1 mg-1) or
      glucose (0.13 mumol of O2 min-1 mg-1) as the sole carbon source. The pattern of
      CO2 evolution from differentially labeled succinate indicated that A. brasilense
      Sp 7 had a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle. Assimilation of most of the
      radioactivity from labeled succinate, pyruvate, and acetate into lipids suggested
      a strong anabolic metabolism and the presence of an active malic enzyme of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The distribution of radioactivity from
      differentially labeled pyruvate showed that gluconeogenesis competed with
      pyruvate dehydrogenase. Uptake and incorporation of labeled acetate also
      indicated the presence of a glyoxylate cycle in A. brasilense Sp 7.

PMID- 6425264
TI  - Purification and properties of glutathione reductase from the cyanobacterium
      Anabaena sp. strain 7119.
AB  - An NADPH-glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) has been purified 6,000-fold to
      electrophoretic homogeneity from the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.
      strain 7119. The purified enzyme exhibits a specific activity of 249 U/mg and is
      characterized by being a dimeric flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing protein
      with a ratio of absorbance at 280 nm to absorbance at 462 nm of 5.8, a native
      molecular weight of 104,000, a Stokes radius of 4.13 nm, and a pI of 4.02. The
      enzyme activity is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and heavy-metal ions,
      especially in the presence of NADPH, with oxidized glutathione behaving as a
      protective agent. As is the case with the same enzyme from other sources, the
      kinetic data are consistent with a branched mechanism. Nevertheless, the
      cyanobacterial enzyme presents three distinctive features with respect to that
      isolated from non-photosynthetic organisms: (i) absolute specificity for NADPH,
      (ii) an alkaline optimum pH value of ca. 9.0, and (iii) strong acidic character
      of the protein, as estimated by column chromatofocusing. The kinetic parameters
      are very similar to those found for the chloroplast enzyme, but the molecular
      weight is lower, being comparable to that of non-photosynthetic microorganisms. A
      protective function, analogous to that assigned to the chloroplast enzyme, is
      suggested.

PMID- 6425265
TI  - Kinetic analysis of tetracycline accumulation by Streptococcus faecalis.
AB  - Tetracycline transport by Streptococcus faecalis occurs by an energy-dependent,
      carrier-mediated process. The Michaelis constant for transport was unchanged, but
      the maximal velocity was increased when an energy source, glucose, was present.
      Accumulation levels, sometimes 25-fold greater than the external concentration,
      were controlled by the transport system.

PMID- 6425266
TI  - Metabolism of dihydrouracil in Rhodosporidium toruloides.
AB  - Previous studies, including those done with a similar species, have indicated
      that dihydrouracil is formed by the breakdown of uracil and is degraded into N
      carbamyl-beta-alanine. (Fink et al., J. Biol. Chem. 201:349-355, 1953; S. R.
      Vilks and M. Y. Vitols, Mikrobiologiya 42:567-583, 1973; O. A. Milstein and M. L.
      Bekker, J. Bacteriol. 127:1-6, 1976). In the present work the conversion of
      dihydrouracil to uracil is studied in Rhodosporidium toruloides, and the growth
      characteristics of mutants that have lost the ability to use dihydrouracil as a
      source of nitrogen are examined. It is concluded that dihydrouracil must be
      converted to uracil before catabolism of the pyrimidine ring can take place.

PMID- 6425267
TI  - Optimal conditions for genetic transformation of the cyanobacterium Anacystis
      nidulans R2.
AB  - Under optimal conditions, the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2 was
      transformed to ampicillin resistance at frequencies of greater than 10(7)
      transformants per microgram of plasmid (pCH1) donor DNA. No stringent period of
      competency was detected, and high frequencies of transformation were achieved
      with cultures at various growth stages. Transformation increased with time after
      addition of donor DNA up to 15 to 18 h. The peak of transformation efficiency
      (transformants/donor molecule) occurred at plasmid concentrations of 125 to 325
      ng/ml with an ampicillin resistance donor plasmid (pCH1) and 300 to 625 ng/ml for
      chloramphenicol resistance conferred by plasmid pSG111. The efficiency of
      transformation was enhanced by excluding light during the incubation or by
      blocking photosynthesis with the electron transport inhibitor 3-(3, 4
      dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m
      chlorophenyl hydrazone. Preincubation of cells in darkness for 15 to 18 h before
      addition of donor DNA significantly decreased transformation efficiency. Growth
      of cells in iron-deficient medium before transformation enhanced efficiency
      fourfold. These results were obtained with selection for ampicillin (pCH1 donor
      plasmid)- or chloramphenicol (pSG111 donor plasmid)-resistant transformants.
      Approximately 1,000 transformants per microgram were obtained when chromosomal
      DNA from an herbicide (DCMU)-resistant mutant was used as donor DNA. DCMU
      resistance was also transferred to recipient cells by using restriction fragments
      of chromosomal DNA from DCMU-resistant mutants. This procedure allowed size
      classes of fragments to be assayed for the presence of the DCMU resistance gene.

PMID- 6425268
TI  - New chloramphenicol resistance locus in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A spontaneously occurring, noninducible, chloramphenicol-resistant mutant of
      Bacillus subtilis 168 has a mutation (cam-2) which maps in the ribosomal protein
      region of the chromosome near dal. Its presence does not confer dependence on
      chloramphenicol. Ribosomes of the cam-2 strain remained sensitive to
      chloramphenicol in in vitro protein synthesis. No chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase activity could be detected.

PMID- 6425269
TI  - Synthesis of oxaloacetate in Bacillus subtilis mutants lacking the 2
      ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzymatic complex.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis mutants deficient in the 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
      enzymatic complex required aspartate for growth at wild-type rates on carbon
      sources for which synthesis of the degradative enzymes is sensitive to catabolite
      repression (e.g., poor carbon sources), but did not require aspartate for growth
      on carbon sources which exert catabolite repression (e.g., good carbon sources).
      Measurement of metabolite pools in a mutant lacking the 2-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase active complex showed that the aspartate requirement for growth on
      poor carbon sources resulted from a deficiency in intracellular oxaloacetate
      pools even through pyruvate carboxylase was present at levels corresponding to
      those in wild-type cells. The oxaloacetate deficiency most likely resulted from
      the inability of the mutant to regenerate oxaloacetate from citrate due to the
      enzymatic block in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Mutants in the enzymes of the
      dicarboxylic acid half of the citric acid cycle similarly required aspartate for
      wild-type growth in minimal medium. These results suggested that the complete
      turning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is involved in the maintainance of
      oxaloacetate levels in B. subtilis. The ability of the mutants lacking the 2
      ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzymatic complex to grow at wild-type rates on media
      containing good carbon sources in the absence of exogenous aspartate is not
      understood.

PMID- 6425270
TI  - Rapid turnover of mannitol-1-phosphate in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The phosphate moiety of D-mannitol-1-phosphate in Escherichia coli is subject to
      rapid turnover and is in close equilibrium with Pi and the phosphorus of fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate. These three compounds account for the bulk of 32P label found
      in cells after several minutes of uptake of 32Pi and mannitol-1-phosphate
      represents some 30% of this label. Mannitol-1-phosphate occurs in E. coli grown
      on a variety of carbon sources, in the absence of D-mannitol, and is synthesized
      de novo even in mutants lacking mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase. The mannitol
      moiety of mannitol-1-phosphate was not affected during the total chase of the P
      moiety, which exchanged with a half-life of about 30 s. These findings suggest
      that the rapid equilibration of the phosphorus is a function of an enzyme,
      possibly a component of the phosphotransferase system, capable of forming a
      complex that allows the exchange of the phosphate without the equilibration of
      the mannitol moiety with free mannitol.

PMID- 6425271
TI  - Methylation of ribosomal proteins in bacteria: evidence of conserved modification
      of the eubacterial 50S subunit.
AB  - Methylation of the 50S ribosomal proteins from Bacillus stearothermophilus,
      Bacillus subtilis, Alteromonas espejiana, and Halobacterium cutirubrum was
      measured after the cells were grown in the presence of [1-14C]methionine or
      [methyl-3H]methionine or both. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      analysis revealed, in general, similar relative electrophoretic mobilities of the
      methylated proteins from each eubacterium studied. Proteins known to be
      structurally and functionally homologous in several microorganisms were all
      methylated. Thus, the following group of proteins, which appear to be involved in
      peptidyltransferase or in polyphenylalanine-synthesizing activity in B.
      stearothermophilus (P.E. Auron and S. R. Fahnestock, J. Biol. Chem. 256:10105
      10110, 1981), were methylated (possible Escherichia coli methylated homologs are
      indicated in parentheses): BTL5(EL5), BTL6(EL3), BTL8(EL10), BTL11(EL11),
      BTL13(EL7L12) and BTL20b(EL16). In addition, the pentameric ribosomal complex
      BTL13 X BTL8, analogous to the complex EL7L12 X EL10 of E. coli, contained
      methylated proteins. Analysis of the methylated amino acids in the most heavily
      methylated proteins, BSL11 from B. subtilis and BTL11 from B. stearothermophilus,
      showed the presence of epsilon-N-trimethyllysine as the major methylated amino
      acid in both proteins, in agreement with known data for E. coli. In addition,
      BSL11 appeared to contain trimethylalanine, a characteristic, modified amino acid
      previously described only in EL11 from E. coli. These results and those
      previously obtained from other bacteria indicate a high degree of conservation
      for ribosomal protein methylation and suggest an important, albeit unknown, role
      for the modification of these components in eubacterial ribosomes.

PMID- 6425272
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two distinct fractions from the inner membrane
      of dormant Bacillus megaterium spores.
AB  - Two distinct membrane bands were obtained after sucrose velocity gradient
      centrifugation of crude inner membranes from dormant Bacillus megaterium spores
      disrupted under conditions which minimized endogenous enzyme action. These two
      inner membrane fractions (termed LD and HD) contained similar amounts of total
      and individual phospholipid species. However, LD and HD differed significantly in
      phospholipid/protein ratios (4.3 and 0.47 mg/mg, respectively), equilibrium
      densities (1.12 and 1.18 g/cm3), NADH oxidase specific activity (less than 0.01
      and 0.13 mumol/min X mg), and content of specific proteins. In contrast, crude
      membranes prepared in identical fashion from germinated spores gave only a single
      inner membrane band (termed G) on sucrose velocity gradients. G had a
      phospholipid/protein ratio of 0.98 mg/mg, an equilibrium density of 1.16 g/cm3,
      and an NADH oxidase specific activity of 2.1 mumol/min X mg. Essentially all of
      the proteins present in LD or HD or both were found in G, consistent with the
      latter membrane being derived from a mixture of LD and HD. No evidence was found
      suggesting that there is significant degradation of dormant spore inner membrane
      protein upon spore germination.

PMID- 6425274
TI  - The effect of carboxylates and halides on L-lysine 6-aminotransferase-catalyzed
      reactions.
AB  - L-Lysine:2-oxoglutarate 6-aminotransferase catalyzes very slow transamination
      between L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate. A high concentration of anions such as
      formate, acetate and halides greatly accelerated this transamination without
      affecting the affinity of the enzyme for L-alanine. In contrast, the anions
      strongly inhibited the normal L-lysine 6-transamination in a competitive manner
      with L-lysine and in a non-competitive manner with 2-oxoglutarate. This result
      suggests that the enzyme has an anion binding site which normally binds the
      carboxyl group of L-lysine. The binding of halides or carboxylates to this site
      probably induces a conformational change of the enzyme, and results in the
      inhibition of L-lysine 6-transamination, and in the stimulation of L-alanine
      transamination. Treatment of the enzyme with an arginine-specific dicarbonyl
      reagent, phenylglyoxal, led to a loss of the enzyme activity for L-lysine. The
      activity for L-alanine was not affected, but the stimulating effect of anions on
      L-alanine transamination was impaired. Thus, it is suggested that an arginine
      residue(s) plays an important role in the anion binding site.

PMID- 6425273
TI  - Contribution of cytochrome b5 to androgen synthesis in rat testicular microsomes.
AB  - Cytochrome b5 was purified from porcine testicular microsomes, and its amino acid
      composition was determined. Rabbit antibody against the purified cytochrome b5
      was prepared in order to study the contribution of cytochrome b5 to testicular
      microsomal oxygenases related to androgen production. In the presence of NADPH
      alone as the electron donor, the antibody against cytochrome b5 inhibited the
      activities of steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17-C-20 lyase of rat testicular
      microsomal fraction. Addition of NADH to the NADPH-supported oxygenase assay
      system enhanced both steroid oxygenase activities, and addition of the antibody
      against cytochrome b5 decreased the NADH-caused stimulation of steroid 17 alpha
      hydroxylase and C-17-C-20 lyase activities. When dehydroepiandrosterone and NAD+
      were added as substrates for 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase in
      order to synthesize NADH by enzymatic reaction, the NADPH-supported activities of
      steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17-C-20 lyase were further stimulated as
      compared with the addition of NADH, and this stimulation was suppressed by the
      antibody against cytochrome b5. These results suggest that cytochrome b5,
      together with 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase, contributes to the
      activities of steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17-C-20 lyase in the testicular
      microsomal fraction.

PMID- 6425275
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies on chromatophore membrane from photosynthetic bacteria.
      II. Comparison of diffraction patterns of photosynthetic units from various
      purple bacteria.
AB  - Comparative X-ray diffraction studies, in conjunction with infrared absorption
      spectroscopy, were performed on chromatophores isolated from various purple
      photosynthetic bacteria in order to achieve a better understanding of the
      molecular structure of the photosynthetic unit. Purple non-sulfur bacteria used
      were Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodospirillum molischianum, Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Chromatophores of Chromatium
      vinosum, as a typical example of purple sulfur bacteria, were also investigated.
      The results were as follows. Distinct equatorial X-ray diffraction patterns were
      obtained from chromatophores of all the bacteria examined. They showed diffuse,
      continuous diffraction patterns having several maxima, and the patterns are
      evidently distinguished from those of either crystalline or amorphous material.
      The pattern indicates that the photosynthetic unit in the chromatophore has a
      highly organized molecular structure in the plane of the membrane. Bacteria whose
      major photosynthetic pigment is bacteriochlorophyll alpha can be categorized in
      three groups from the viewpoint of near infrared absorption spectra. X-ray
      diffraction patterns are also grouped accordingly, although the differences are
      minimal and the patterns display common features. In other words, the
      bacteriochlorophyll forms, which are bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes
      exhibiting different near-infrared absorption spectra, show different X-ray
      patterns: the molecular structure of photosynthetic units is closely related to
      the state of pigment in each complex, although the "X-ray" molecular structure is
      mainly concerned with the arrangement of constituent protein molecules at the
      present resolution, whereas the "spectroscopic" structure reflects the local
      environment of pigment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425276
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies on photosystem I fragments from a blue-green alga,
      Anabaena variabilis, and spinach.
AB  - Photosystem I fragments were prepared from thylakoid membranes of a blue-green
      alga (Anabaena variabilis) and spinach by treatment with a detergent, Triton X
      100. Equatorial X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on films for oriented
      specimens of thylakoid membranes and photosystem I fragments. The thylakoid
      membranes and photosystem I fragments gave essentially the same equatorial
      diffraction patterns in both Anabaena variabilis and spinach, indicating that the
      major X-ray scatterers in these thylakoid membranes are the molecular assembly of
      photosystem I. The equatorial X-ray diffraction from the photosystem I fragments
      of Anabaena variabilis and spinach extends to the reciprocal space of 1/7 A-1.
      The diffraction pattern exhibits six to nine distinct maxima though they are
      diffuse, indicating that the arrangement of the constituent molecules in
      photosystem I has a definite geometrical regularity. The radial autocorrelation
      functions indicate that the maximal sizes of photosystem I in these thylakoid
      membranes are about 100 A, and the geometrical regularity does not correspond to
      a crystalline order. The X-ray diffraction patterns from photosystem I fragments
      from Anabaena variabilis and spinach are quite similar to each other, suggesting
      the possibility that the molecular structures of photosystem I in Anabaena
      variabilis and spinach have a fundamental similarity. These diffraction patterns,
      however, are different from that of the chromatophore obtained from a
      photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 6425277
TI  - Branch specificity of purified rat liver Golgi UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine
      beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Preferential transfer of of galactose on the
      GlcNAc beta 1,2-Man alpha 1,3-branch of a complex biantennary Asn-linked
      oligosaccharide.
AB  - In the final stages of the terminal glycosylation of N-linked complex
      oligosaccharides, UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4
      galactosyltransferase (galactosyltransferase) transfers galactose (Gal) onto the
      N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue of each branch of a biantennary
      oligosaccharide. Purified rat liver Golgi galactosyltransferase was used with
      GlcNAc beta 1,2-Man alpha 1,6-(GlcNAc beta 1,2-Man alpha 1,3-)-Man beta 1,4
      GlcNAc beta 1,4-(Fuc alpha 1,6-)-GlcNAc-Asn in order to determine the sequence of
      addition of Gal residues to the biantennary oligosaccharide. The different
      galactosylated products were separated by concanavalin A affinity chromatography
      and high voltage paper electrophoresis in borate. It was found that Gal was
      transferred at a much faster rate to the GlcNAc beta 1,2-Man alpha 1,3-branch
      than to the GlcNAc beta 1,2-Man alpha 1,6-branch, i.e. k1 was at least 5 times
      larger than k2. Also, k3 was larger than k4, indicating that most of the
      digalactosylated product "GG" was formed by the sequential addition of Gal to the
      Man alpha 1,3-branch followed by addition to the Man alpha 1,6-branch. The
      preferential galactosylation of the GlcNAc beta 1,2-Man alpha 1,3-branch may
      explain the formation of the asymmetrical oligosaccharides found in bovine and
      human IgG.

PMID- 6425278
TI  - Catalytic reaction of glycogen phosphorylase reconstituted with a coenzyme
      substrate conjugate.
AB  - The role of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the catalytic mechanism of glycogen
      phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) remains unresolved despite extensive investigation. A
      previous report from this laboratory (Takagi, M., Fukui, T., and Shimomura, S.
      (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 3716-3719) provided evidence for the
      direct interaction between the two phosphate groups of the coenzyme and a
      substrate alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. When apophosphorylase is reconstituted
      with pyridoxal (5')-diphospho(1)-alpha-D-glucose, the enzyme can transfer the
      glucose moiety to glycogen just as in the normal catalysis. We have studied the
      kinetics of the glucosyltransfer from this compound to glycogen. The normal and
      mimic reactions were similar in their kinetic parameters for glycogen and AMP and
      their activation energies. AMP and other nucleotides that activate the normal
      reaction could activate the mimic reaction as well. The log k/pH plot for the
      mimic reaction gave a bell-shaped curve with pKa = 6.90 and pKb = 8.84 at 25
      degrees C. The apparent heats of ionization of the corresponding groups having
      the pKa and pKb were 6.9 and 3.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Reversibility of the
      glucosyltransfer from the coenzyme-substrate conjugate to glycogen could not be
      demonstrated, possibly because the equilibrium of this reaction lies further to
      the polysaccharide synthesis. Based on these and other data which confirm the
      role of the phosphate group of the coenzyme as an electrophile, we discuss the
      catalytic mechanism of glycogen phosphorylase. It is suggested that the imidazoyl
      group of His-376 acts as a nucleophile attacking the anomeric carbon of the
      substrate glucose 1-phosphate.

PMID- 6425279
TI  - Aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, inhibits conversion of
      lanosterol to C-27 sterols in mouse L cells.
AB  - Aphidicolin, a fungal metabolite which is a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase
      alpha, inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into desmosterol in mouse L
      cells by 50% at a concentration of 8.8 microM. It had no effect on acetate
      metabolism into fatty acids or CO2. The site of inhibition was determined to be
      distal to the formation of mevalonic acid since aphidicolin also inhibited the
      incorporation of [14C]mevalonolactone into desmosterol but had no effect on the
      activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) or the
      incorporation of [14C]acetate into total nonsaponifiable lipids. High pressure
      liquid chromotographic analysis of the distribution of radioactivity among the
      nonsaponifiable lipids formed from [14C]acetate in the presence of aphidicolin
      indicated an accumulation of lanosterol accompanied by a proportional decrease in
      radiolabeled desmosterol and two of its precursors, delta 5,7,24-cholestatrienol,
      and 4 alpha-methyl-delta 8,24-cholestadienol. In cells exposed to aphidicolin,
      lanosterol accumulation was rapid (15 min) and reversible after a 3-h exposure
      when cells were rinsed and fresh medium added. It was concluded that aphidicolin
      inhibits the conversion of lanosterol to C-27 sterols. Although the exact
      mechanism of this inhibition has not yet been determined, addition of aphidicolin
      to 20,000 X g supernatant fractions of mouse liver homogenates inhibited the
      incorporation of [14C]mevalonolactone into cholesterol in a concentration
      dependent manner, suggesting that aphidicolin may act directly on one or more of
      the enzymatic steps involved in lanosterol demethylation. The ubiquitous
      occurrence of an aphidicolin binding site on eukaryotic DNA alpha polymerases and
      the inhibitory action of aphidicolin at a proposed secondary regulatory site in
      sterol biosynthesis (lanosterol metabolism) suggest that a naturally occurring
      compound may exist which can regulate both DNA replication and cholesterogenesis.

PMID- 6425280
TI  - Interaction of Mg2+ with human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. I. Species
      difference in the mitochondrial isozyme.
AB  - The dehydrogenase activity of the mitochondrial isozyme (E2) of human liver
      aldehyde dehydrogenase was stimulated about 2-fold by the presence of low
      concentrations (about 120-140 microM) of Mg2+ in the assay at pH 7.0 using
      propionaldehyde as substrate. The stimulation was totally reversible by treatment
      with EDTA. Maximum stimulation was dependent on the concentration of NAD+ used in
      the assay; an increase in Km value of NAD+ was observed to parallel the increase
      in maximal velocity with increasing Mg2+ concentration, indicating that
      alterations in the catalytic properties of the E2 isozyme occur in the presence
      of Mg2+. The presteady state burst of NADH product was observed to decrease in
      the presence of Mg2+, suggesting that the rate-limiting step of the dehydrogenase
      reaction is altered by Mg2+. No evidence for Mg2+-induced alterations in the
      molecular weight properties of the E2 isozyme was observed using gel filtration
      column chromatography and fluorescence polarization techniques. In addition, no
      alterations in the inactivating properties of iodoacetamide or disulfiram were
      produced by Mg2+. These results suggest that the mechanism by which human
      mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (E2) is stimulated by Mg2+ is different from
      that of the horse enzyme, representing a significant species difference.

PMID- 6425281
TI  - 113Cd NMR. Arsenate binding to Cd(II) alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli contains three metal binding sites (A,
      B, and C) located at sites forming a triangle with sides of 4, 5, and 7 A
      (Wyckoff, H.W., Handschumacher, M., Murthy, K., and Sowadski, J.M. (1983) Adv.
      Enzymol. 55, 453). When all three sites are occupied by Cd(II) the enzyme has a
      very low turnover; at least 10(3) slower than the native Zn(II) enzyme. The slow
      turnover number has made the Cd(II) enzyme useful in NMR studies of the mechanism
      of alkaline phosphatase. The binding of arsenate to two forms of Cd(II) alkaline
      phosphatase (Cd(II)2alkaline phosphatase and Cd(II)6alkaline phosphatase) has
      been studied by 113Cd NMR. Cd(II)2alkaline phosphatase, pH 6.3, binds arsenate at
      only one monomer of the dimeric enzyme and causes migration of Cd(II) from the A
      site of one monomer to the B site of the arsenylated monomer. This same migration
      has previously been observed to accompany metal ion-dependent phosphate binding,
      but is much more rapid in the case of arsenate. The acceleration of migration
      induced by arsenate supports the conclusion based on the phosphate data that the
      substrate anion binds to the A site metal ion of one monomer prior to migration
      and that only the metal ion at A site is required for phosphorylation
      (arsenylation) of serine 102. The 113Cd chemical shifts of A and B site metal
      ions are very sensitive to the form of the bound arsenate, i.e. covalent (E-As)
      or noncovalent (E X As) complex. Like the analogous phosphate derivatives, the
      change of chemical shift of A site (to which phosphate is coordinated in the E X
      P complex) is much greater than that of the B site metal ion, when the arsenate
      shifts between the two intermediates, suggesting that arsenate is also
      coordinated to A site in the E X As intermediate. The chemical shifts of A and B
      site 113Cd(II) ions are considerably different in the arsenate and phosphate
      derivatives, while the C site 113Cd(II) ions have nearly identical chemical
      shifts. Thus the substrate appears to interact closely with both A and B sites,
      while C site appears relatively unimportant in phosphomonoester hydrolysis. The
      analogous behavior of arsenate and phosphate at the active center as evaluated by
      113Cd NMR supports the validity of using the heavier arsenate derivative in x-ray
      diffraction studies.

PMID- 6425282
TI  - Subcellular localization of hyaluronate synthetase in oligodendroglioma cells.
AB  - In order to provide some insight into the mechanism of hyaluronate synthesis, the
      subcellular localization of the synthetase system for hyaluronate was determined
      in eukaryotic cells. The mouse oligodendroglioma cell line G26-24, which produces
      copious amounts of hyaluronate in culture, was chosen as a system for these
      studies. Protease treatment and homogenization of cells followed by hyaluronate
      synthetase assay suggested that nucleotide-binding sites and trypsin-sensitive
      synthetase sites were not exposed at the outer membrane surface. Protease
      treatment following homogenization did result in decreased activity. Membrane
      fragments, prepared by gentle homogenization in iso- and hypotonic buffers, were
      subjected to differential centrifugation followed by several continuous and
      discontinuous sucrose equilibrium and velocity gradient systems. Hyaluronate
      synthetase activity co-fractionated with a plasma membrane marker in all systems,
      including those in which Golgi markers were separable. Treatment of intact cells
      in culture with several hyaluronidases resulted in a marked stimulation of cell
      free synthetase activity. The stimulated activity was also found exclusively in
      plasma membrane-enriched fractions.

PMID- 6425283
TI  - Nucleoside hydrolases from Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Four distinct nucleoside cleaving enzymes were detected in extracts of
      Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Two of these were nucleoside phosphorylases: one
      was specific for pyrimidines and the other for purines. The other two enzymes
      were nucleoside hydrolases. These hydrolytic enzymes were partially purified and
      their substrate and inhibitor specificities were studied. One of the hydrolases
      was designated inosine/guanosine hydrolase. It required purine substrates
      containing a 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl substituent. Neither 2'-deoxyinosine, 2'
      deoxyguanosine, nor hypoxanthine arabinoside served as substrates. The kinetic
      patterns obtained from combined product analysis and the mutual competitive
      inhibition of this enzyme by inosine and guanosine suggested that these
      substrates were cleaved at a common catalytic site. Inhibitor studies with
      several deoxyinosines have demonstrated the importance of the 2'-, 3'-, and 5'
      hydroxyl groups for efficient binding to the enzyme. Adenosine, which did not
      serve as a substrate, was a potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 8 microM) with
      respect to both inosine and guanosine. This enzyme had a particle weight of
      106,000 +/- 10,000 as determined by Sephadex chromatography. The other hydrolase
      was specific for 2'-deoxyinosine. It only accepted purine substrates with a 6-oxo
      and a 9-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl substituent. Inosine, hypoxanthine
      arabinoside and a variety of deoxyinosines were not substrates nor did they
      strongly inhibit this enzyme. This enzyme had a particle weight of 19,000 +/-
      2,000 as determined by Sephadex chromatography.

PMID- 6425284
TI  - Control of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chain processing: studies on bovine
      pancreatic ribonuclease B. An in vitro system for the processing of exogenous
      glycoproteins.
AB  - To gain an understanding of why the polymannose-type oligosaccharide chain of
      bovine pancreatic ribonuclease B is not processed to a complex-type chain in
      vivo, the processing of this glycoprotein was studied in two cell-free systems.
      Addition of native 125I-ribonuclease B to rat liver Golgi membranes in the
      presence of UDP-GlcNAc resulted in the conversion of the high mannose chain to a
      complex type as evidenced by the acquisition of resistance to digestion with
      endoglucosaminidase H. Processing was linearly dependent on time and on the
      amount of Golgi membranes. Omission of UDP-GlcNAc from the reaction mixtures
      completely abolished processing of the glycoprotein. Product identification
      studies confirmed that the formation of ribonuclease that was resistant to
      digestion with endoglucosaminidase H was accompanied by the appearance of a
      complex-type oligosaccharide that contained one or more terminal beta-GlcNAc
      residues. In vitro processing of 125I-ribonuclease B that had been denatured by
      reduction and alkylation revealed that the rate of complex chain formation was
      only slightly greater than that observed with the native enzyme. In contrast to
      the results obtained with the heterologous rat liver system, Golgi membranes from
      bovine pancreas failed to process native ribonuclease B to the complex form.
      However, bovine pancreas Golgi membranes did readily process the denatured form
      of the enzyme. The presence of a factor in bovine pancreas that binds only to
      native ribonuclease B and thereby prevents its oligosaccharide chain from being
      processed was considered to be unlikely on the basis of gel filtration studies
      and mixing experiments. These findings indicate that some aspect of the
      conformation of native ribonuclease B prevents one or more of the processing
      enzymes of bovine pancreas from acting on the oligosaccharide chain. In addition,
      the substrate specificity of this processing enzyme(s) differs markedly from its
      counterpart in rat liver. These two factors, conformation of the substrate and
      specificity of the processing enzymes, apparently combine to produce the high
      mannose oligosaccharide chain of ribonuclease B observed in vivo.

PMID- 6425285
TI  - Identification of the NADH-NAD+ transhydrogenase peptide of the mitochondrial
      NADH-CoQ reductase (Complex I). A photodependent labeling study utilizing
      arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+.
AB  - Incubation of Complex I (NADH-CoQ reductase) of ox heart mitochondria at 4
      degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M NaClO4 followed by ammonium sulfate
      fractionation of the solubilized proteins results in the isolation of a resolved
      preparation still capable of catalyzing NADH-NAD+ transhydrogenation but having
      only low levels of NADH dehydrogenase activity. A number of NAD(H) analogues,
      including the photoaffinity probes, arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ (A3'-O-[3-[N-(4
      azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl]NAD+ and arylazido-beta-alanyl AcPyAD+ (A3'-O
      [3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl]AcPyAD+ can be utilized as
      substrates for transhydrogenation in this preparation. A further incubation (10
      min) of the resolved NADH-NAD+ transhydrogenase in the presence of 0.5 M NaClO4,
      but now at 30 degrees C, results in the complete loss of this transhydrogenase
      activity. Photoaffinity labeling experiments utilizing arylazido-[3-3H]beta
      alanyl NAD+ and arylazido-[3-3H]beta-alanyl AcPyAD+ with the resolved NADH-NAD+
      transhydrogenase preparation prior to and following NaClO4 (30 degrees C)
      treatment indicates that the 42,000 molecular weight component of Complex I is
      the pyridine nucleotide binding site responsible for the major NADH-NAD+ (DD)
      transhydrogenase activity of Complex I.

PMID- 6425286
TI  - Purification of histidine decarboxylase from the liver of fetal rats and its
      immunochemical and immunohistochemical characterization.
AB  - Histidine decarboxylase was purified from fetal rat liver about 3,000-fold by the
      method described previously (Watanabe, T., Nakamura, H., Leu, Y.L., Yamatodani,
      A., and Wada, H. (1979) Biochem. Pharmacol. 28, 1149-1155) except that DEAE
      cellulose column chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, and preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were added. The enzyme had a molecular weight
      of 110,000 in the native state and gave a single band of protein on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a position corresponding to
      a molecular weight of 54,000, indicating that it was a dimer. Its isoelectric
      point was pH 5.1. Antibody raised in rabbits against the enzyme gave single fused
      precipitation lines with the enzymes from fetal rat liver and adult rat brain and
      stomach in Ouchterlony's double diffusion test, and inhibited these three enzymes
      similarly and strongly. Using this antibody, histidine decarboxylase-like
      immunoreactive structures were located in fetal liver and peritoneal mast cells,
      stomach and brain of rats.

PMID- 6425287
TI  - Phosphorylation affects the ability of tau protein to promote microtubule
      assembly.
AB  - Tau is a family of closely related proteins known for its ability to copolymerize
      with tubulin, inducing the formation of microtubules. When tau was stripped of
      phosphate by treatment with alkaline phosphatase it underwent a pronounced change
      in electrophoretic mobility, probably reflecting a conformational change. The
      dephosphorylated tau promoted significantly more rapid and more extensive
      polymerization of microtubules though there was no obvious difference in the
      microtubules formed. Partially purified microtubule protein contains a kinase
      that can rephosphorylate tau.

PMID- 6425288
TI  - Purification and properties of thiol beta-lactamase. A mutant of pBR322 beta
      lactamase in which the active site serine has been replaced with cysteine.
AB  - The specifically mutated enzyme thiol beta-lactamase has been expressed in
      Escherichia coli by means of the trp promoter and purified to homogeneity. The
      gene for this enzyme results from a single base change N410 A----T in the gene of
      pBR322 RTEM beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6, penicillinase, penicillin amido-beta
      lactamhydrolase) which alters the codon for the active site Ser 70 to that for
      Cys. Precursor thiol beta-lactamase is processed to give the same NH2-terminal
      sequence as that for wild type enzyme. In contrast to the wild type enzyme, thiol
      beta-lactamase contains one free titratable thiol group/molecule. Thiol beta
      lactamase catalyzes the hydrolysis of beta-lactams with a substrate specificity
      that is distinct from that of wild type enzyme. For benzyl-penicillin and
      ampicillin, the Km values are similar to wild type values although the kcat
      values are 1-2% that of wild type enzyme. For the cephalosporin nitrocefin, the
      Km is greater than 10-fold that of the wild type and the kcat is at least as
      large as the kcat for the wild type enzyme. Thiol beta-lactamase is different
      from wild type beta-lactamase in that it is not competitively inhibited by boric
      acid although a small degree of noncompetitive inhibition does occur. Whereas the
      circular dichroism spectra of both enzymes are nearly identical, thiol beta
      lactamase at 40 degrees C is 3-fold more resistant to trypsin than is the wild
      type enzyme.

PMID- 6425289
TI  - Purification and characterization of carbonic anhydrase from the saliva of the
      rat.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase purified from the saliva of the rat had kinetic properties
      identical with those of carbonic anhydrase II from rat red cells, but its
      molecular properties were distinctly different from the type II isozyme. Kinetic
      parameters were measured under steady state conditions by stopped-flow
      spectrophotometry and under equilibrium conditions by an 18O exchange method. The
      turnover number kcat for hydration of CO2 was 6.5 X 10(4) s-1 and the Michaelis
      constant was 4.2 mM at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C, values which are equal to the
      steady state constants for red cell carbonic anhydrase II from the rat.
      Inhibition of the salivary isozyme by sulfanilamide (Ki = 3.7 microM) was nearly
      as efficient as inhibition of the erythrocyte isozyme II (Ki = 1.1 microM). The
      molecular weight for the salivary isozyme was 46,000 and the isoelectric point
      was 5.5. Salivary carbonic anhydrase had high mannose oligosaccharide components
      as measured by concanavalin A binding. The amino acid composition for the
      salivary isozyme was not similar to rat type II, but it was similar to that
      reported for membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase from bovine lung (Whitney, P.L.,
      and Briggle, T.V. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12056-12059). These observations
      suggest to us that salivary carbonic anhydrase is a secretory product.

PMID- 6425290
TI  - 5-Methylthioribose. Its effects and function in mammalian cells.
AB  - The growth responses of 5-deoxy-5-methylthioribose on a 5'-deoxy-5'
      methylthioadenosine phosphorylase containing cell line (BW5147) and the
      methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-deficient cell line (L1210D) were examined.
      Methylthioribose was shown to dramatically affect these cells, increasing their
      growth rate, saturation density, and viability. It was also found that
      methylthioribose could satisfy the methylthio dependence of the enzyme-deficient
      cell line, L1210D. A model is proposed to explain the selective growth of
      methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-deficient cells in medium lacking a methylthio
      donor but containing fetal calf serum. It is hypothesized that cellularly
      exported methylthioadenosine is degraded to methylthioribose in the presence of
      medium containing serum of high methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity (i.e.
      fetal calf serum). The resultant methylthioribose can then be used to satisfy the
      methylthio requirement of these cells. To test this theory, various purified
      preparations of bovine liver methylthioadenosine phosphorylase were used to
      artificially increase the specific activity of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase
      in horse serum. In each case, it was demonstrated that only medium containing
      serum of enzyme activity nearly equal to that of the glutathione-stimulated fetal
      calf serum activity, supported the growth of methylthio-dependent cells in the
      absence of methylthio compounds. The data suggest that the degradation of
      methylthioadenosine and subsequent formation of methylthioribose represents an
      essential process in the growth of mammalian cells.

PMID- 6425291
TI  - Studies of the catalytic mechanism of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Alpha
      glucuronidase activity and its stimulation by phospholipids.
AB  - The rate at which a specific, purified form of microsomal UDP
      glucuronyltransferase (designated as the GT2P type of this enzyme) catalyzes the
      hydrolysis of UDP-glucuronic acid was measured with pure, delipidated enzyme and
      enzyme reconstituted with different lysophosphatidylcholines. This activity of
      the GT2P type of UDP-glucuronyltransferase is referred to as alpha-glucuronidase
      activity. For delipidated enzyme, the rate of hydrolysis of UDP-glucuronic acid
      catalyzed by GT2P extrapolated to infinite concentrations of UDP-glucuronic acid
      was 1 X 10(-9) mol/min/mg of protein. This compares with a rate of
      glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol of 96 X 10(-9) mol/min/mg of enzyme, for
      delipidated enzyme. Addition of oleoyl- or myristoyllysophosphatidylcholine to
      GT2P did not affect the alpha-glucuronidase activity significantly. This activity
      was stimulated, however, in the presence of compounds that bind at the aglycone
      site but that do not undergo glucuronidation. alpha-Glucuronidase activity
      extrapolated to infinite concentration of UDP-glucuronic acid was 4.0 X 10(-9)
      mol/min/mg for delipidated enzyme assayed in the presence of less than saturating
      concentrations of p-nitrophenyl phenyl ether. Moreover, when the aglycone site of
      GT2P was occupied by ethers, the alpha-glucuronidase activity of this enzyme was
      enhanced by addition of phospholipids to delipidated enzyme. The extent of
      activation of the alpha-glucuronidase activity of GT2P, when the aglycone site
      was occupied, depended on the acyl chain of the lipid added to delipidated
      enzyme. These data indicate that the GT2P form of UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      catalyzes the hydrolysis of UDP-glucuronic acid at a significant rate and that
      lysophosphatidylcholines can influence this rate.

PMID- 6425292
TI  - Increased biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor in activated human
      eosinophils.
AB  - 1-Alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase catalyzes
      the conversion of biologically inactive lysophospholipid to bioactive platelet
      activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) by an
      acetylation reaction. The activity of this enzyme in eosinophils isolated from
      patients with eosinophilia is stimulated (up to 4-fold) in a dose-, time-, and
      Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent manner after exposure to the eosinophil chemotactic factor of
      anaphylaxis (ECF-A), C5a, formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP), or
      ionophore A23187. The three naturally occurring chemotactic factors (ECF-A, C5a,
      and fMLP) cause a rapid and transient increase of enzyme activity, with a maximum
      at 1 or 3 min, whereas ionophore A23187 maintains an elevated level for up to 15
      min. The activity of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
      acetylhydrolase, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of PAF to lyso-PAF, is
      not affected by C5a, fMLP, or ionophore A23187. The presence of PAF in
      eosinophils was established by demonstrating the lipid nature of the compound,
      the RF value being identical with that of synthetic 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine on thin layer chromatograms, and by its ability to
      induce serotonin release from rabbit platelets. Furthermore, ECF-A, C5a, fMLP,
      and ionophore A23187 all induce the secretion of PAF from eosinophils. These
      findings suggest that the generation and release of PAF could be a consequence of
      eosinophil chemotactic activation and may thus function in inflammatory and
      allergic reactions in which eosinophils participate.

PMID- 6425293
TI  - Phenylbutazone-dependent epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene.
      A new mechanism for prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed oxidations.
AB  - The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone markedly enhances the
      hydroperoxide-dependent epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene
      catalyzed by microsomal and Tween-20 solubilized preparations of prostaglandin H
      synthase. Furthermore, phenylbutazone radically alters the hydroperoxide
      specificity of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene epoxidation. In the
      absence of phenylbutazone, only allylic hydroperoxides are effective in
      initiating epoxidation, whereas in the presence of phenylbutazone the reaction
      can be initiated by t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and hydrogen
      peroxide. All effects are dependent on the concentration of phenylbutazone
      present. The primary event is the oxidation of phenylbutazone by prostaglandin H
      synthase. This pathway yields a peroxy radical of phenylbutazone which appears to
      be the epoxidizing agent. This activation of a primary substrate by a peroxidase
      resulting in metabolism of a secondary substrate is analogous to the halogenation
      reactions catalyzed by chloroperoxidase. This represents a new class of oxidation
      reactions catalyzed by prostaglandin H synthase.

PMID- 6425294
TI  - Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:
      globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, a synthase of
      human blood group P antigen, from canine spleen.
AB  - A UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which catalyzes the conversion of human blood
      group Pk antigen into P antigen has been purified over 18,000-fold in 4% yield
      from a Triton X-100 extract of canine spleen microsomes by affinity
      chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose and globotriaosylceramide acid
      Sepharose. The purified enzyme migrates as two major bands with apparent
      molecular weights of 64,000 and 57,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. A single band, with enzyme activity, was observed in
      nondenaturing acrylamide gels containing Triton X-100. Mn2+ was required for
      activity, and the pH optimum was 6.9. Km values for UDP-GalNAc and
      globotriaosylceramide were 14 and 2.5 microM, respectively. Studies on substrate
      specificities indicate that the preferred substrates have the general structure
      Gal alpha 1-4Gal-OR in which the nature of the R moiety has relatively little
      effect on activity. An antibody against the purified enzyme eliminated the
      activity of the enzyme, but did not neutralize the alpha-3-N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of Forssman
      glycolipid.

PMID- 6425295
TI  - Kinetic studies of human liver ferrochelatase. Role of endogenous metals.
AB  - Ferrochelatase activity in human liver has been extensively characterized in the
      mitochondrial fraction by kinetic study of the enzyme in initial velocity
      conditions. We found that human liver mitochondrial membranes contain large
      amounts of endogenous metals that are substrates for the enzyme, leading to a
      lack of linearity of the activity as function of protein concentration. This lack
      of linearity is mainly due to a high zinc-chelatase activity with endogenous
      zinc. Under optimal experimental conditions, the maximum velocity for iron
      incorporation was 8.7 nmol of protoheme/h/mg of protein, and the maximum velocity
      for zinc incorporation was 4.3 nmol of zinc-protoporphyrin/h/mg of protein. The
      Michaelis constant for protoporphyrin IX was (i) dependent on the amount of
      protein when the overall chelatase reactions were measured but (ii) independent
      of the amount of protein when only zinc-chelatase activity was measured (Km = 0.5
      microM). The Michaelis constants for iron and zinc were 0.35 and 0.08 microM,
      respectively, and the inhibitory constants for competitive incorporation of iron
      and zinc were KIFe/Zn = 0.12 microM and KIZn/Fe = 0.58 microM. The affinity of
      the enzyme for zinc lowers the actual determination of ferrochelatase activity
      with iron as substrate. Furthermore, when measuring ferrochelatase (e.g. in liver
      biopsy), endogenous zinc content in the biological sample must be taken into
      account.

PMID- 6425296
TI  - Derivatives of blood coagulation factor IX contain a high affinity Ca2+-binding
      site that lacks gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.
AB  - We have examined the calcium-binding properties and metal ion-dependent
      conformational changes of proteolytically modified derivatives of factor IX that
      lack gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues. Equilibrium dialysis experiments
      demonstrated that a Gla-domainless factor IX species retained a single high
      affinity calcium ion-binding site (Kd = 85 +/- 5 microM). Ca2+ binding to this
      site was accompanied by a decrease in intrinsic fluorescence emission intensity
      (Kd = 63 +/- 15 microM). These spectral changes were reversed upon the addition
      of EDTA. Titration with Sr2+ resulted in little change in fluorescence intensity
      below 1 mM, while titration with Tb3+ caused fluorescence changes similar to
      those observed with Ca2+. Tb3+ and Ca2+ appear to bind to the same site because
      tryptophan-dependent terbium emission was reduced by the addition of Ca2+.
      Similar results were obtained with a Gla-domainless factor IX species lacking the
      activation peptide. Gla domain-containing factor IX species exhibited
      fluorescence changes similar to those of the Gla-domainless proteins at low Ca2+,
      but an additional structural transition was found at higher Ca2+ concentrations
      (apparent Kd greater than 0.8 mM). Thus, the conformations of factor IX proteins
      are nucleated and/or stabilized by calcium binding to a high affinity site which
      does not contain Gla residues. The binding of Ca2+ to lower affinity Gla domain
      dependent metal ion-binding sites elicits an additional conformational change.
      The strong similarities between these results and those obtained with protein C
      (Johnson, A. E., Esmon, N. L., Laue, T. M. & Esmon, C. T. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 5554-5560), coupled with the remarkable sequence homologies of the vitamin K
      dependent proteins, suggest that the high affinity Gla-independent Ca2+-binding
      site may be a common feature of vitamin K-dependent proteins.

PMID- 6425297
TI  - The NADPH oxidase of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Evidence for regulation
      by multiple signals.
AB  - Activation of the membrane-bound NADPH oxidase in human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes can be triggered by chemoattractants, the tumor promoter phorbol
      myristate acetate or the calcium ionophore A23187. We have shown previously that
      these stimuli have markedly different temporal patterns of oxidase activation
      (McPhail, L. C., and Snyderman, R. (1983) J. Clin. Invest. 72, 192-200),
      suggesting that each follows, at least in part, a unique transductional pathway.
      We now report that if leukocytes were sequentially exposed to any of several
      combinations of heterologous stimuli, the pattern of activation by the second
      stimulus was strikingly altered, resulting in a more rapid rate and enhanced
      level of oxidase activation by the second stimulus. This suggests that exposure
      of cells to the first stimulus (priming) had influenced an intermediate also used
      by the second stimulus. The signal for priming could be clearly distinguished
      from the signal causing oxidase activation by the dose-response curves for each,
      as well as by the use of several pharmacologic agents. In addition, if leukocytes
      were given sequential doses of homologous stimuli, either partial (phorbol
      myristate acetate) or full (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl -phenylalanine and A23187)
      desensitization of oxidase activation was observed. These results demonstrate
      that these stimuli share a common intermediate in the pathway of oxidase
      activation. Moreover, the data indicate that NADPH oxidase activation is
      regulated by at least three distinct signals: signal 1 (priming), signal 2
      (activation), and signal 3 (inactivation). It is likely that more than one
      intracellular messenger exerts a modulating influence on NADPH oxidase activity
      and that its regulation involves the interplay between several cellular control
      proteins.

PMID- 6425298
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced spike and plateau in cytosolic free Ca2+
      concentrations in pituitary cells. Relation to prolactin release.
AB  - Using the acetoxymethyl ester of "Quin 2," a fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, we have
      loaded prolactin (PRL)-producing rat pituitary cells with non-toxic
      concentrations of Quin 2 and quantitated changes in cytosolic free calcium
      concentration ( [Ca2+]i) during stimulation of PRL release by thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) and 40 mM K+. TRH induced a biphasic response, with an
      immediate (less than 1 s) spike in [Ca2+]i from basal levels (350 +/- 80 nM) to a
      peak of 1-3 microM, which decayed rapidly (t 1/2 = 8 s) to a near basal nadir,
      then rising to a plateau in [Ca2+]i of 500-800 nM. The TRH-induced spike phase
      was attenuated but not abolished by prior addition of EGTA, while the plateau
      phase was eliminated by EGTA. Addition of 40 mM K+ caused an immediate spike in
      [Ca2+]i to 1-3 microM which equilibrated slowly (t 1/2 = 1 min) directly to a
      plateau of 600-800 nM. The K+-induced spike and plateau phases were both
      abolished by prior addition of EGTA. The biphasic nature of TRH action on [Ca2+]i
      parallels the biphasic actions of TRH on 45Ca2+ fluxes and the biphasic release
      of PRL by GH cells in suspension. These findings provide evidence that Ca2+
      dependent agonist-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i and hormone release are linked,
      and may generally have two modes: an acute "spike" mode, dependent primarily on
      redistribution of intracellular Ca2+ stores; and a sustained "plateau" mode,
      dependent on influx of extracellular Ca2+.

PMID- 6425299
TI  - Dynamic simulation of the leg in torsion.
AB  - This paper analytically investigates the dynamic response of the leg in torsion
      with application to snow ski injuries. A biomechanical model of the leg system is
      developed and injury mechanisms to the ankle, knee and tibia are presented. The
      objective is to determine how torsional leg system dynamics influence injuries to
      the ankle, knee and tibia under impulse loading. The results of the study
      indicate that ankle, knee and tibial injuries exhibit identical dynamic behavior
      which is characteristic of a single degree-of-freedom system. In addition,
      analysis of the injury response to flexible vs rigid thigh tissue shows that the
      above results are not especially sensitive to flesh effects. Finally, a release
      decision algorithm for implementation in actively controlled ski bindings is
      presented.

PMID- 6425300
TI  - Separation of macrophages from mouse peritoneal exudate cells with substrata
      coated with chemically modified collagens.
AB  - A cell-separation technique was designed on the basis of specific interaction
      between macrophages and chemically modified collagens in the presence of serum.
      When unseparated mouse peritoneal exudate cells containing approximately 50%
      macrophages and 50% lymphocytes were incubated in dishes coated with unmodified
      and chemically modified collagens, only macrophages adhered more rapidly and in
      greater numbers to succinylated and methylated collagen than to unmodified
      collagen. The adherent macrophages could be easily detached from the substrata by
      divalent cation chelating agents. The purity and recovery of macrophages
      separated by this method were approximately 92-94% and 41-48%, respectively.

PMID- 6425301
TI  - Zonulae occludentes in junctional complex-enriched fractions from mouse liver:
      preliminary morphological and biochemical characterization.
AB  - A bile canaliculus-derived preparation containing junctional complexes has been
      obtained from mouse livers using subcellular fractionation techniques. The
      junctional complexes include structurally intact zonulae occludentes (ZOs).
      Extraction of this preparation with the anionic detergent sodium deoxycholate
      (DOC) left junctional ribbons, the detergent-insoluble zonular remnants of the
      junctional complexes. When visualized in negative stain electron microscopy, each
      of these ribbons contained a branching and anastomosing network of fibrils which
      appears similar to that of ZOs in freeze-fractured whole liver. Comparative
      measurements of freeze-fracture and negative stain fibril diameters and network
      densities support this relationship. SDS polyacrylamide gel analysis shows the
      DOC-insoluble junctional ribbons to be characterized by major polypeptides at
      37,000 and at 48,000, with minor bands at 34,000, 41,000, 71,000, 86,000, 92,000,
      and 102,000. The ZO-containing membrane fractions have been isolated in the
      presence of EGTA in concentrations and under conditions shown by others to
      disrupt normal ZO morphology and physiology in whole living epithelia. The
      network of fibrils visualized in these fractions by negative staining is
      structurally resistant to treatment with DOC, but is either solubilized or
      disrupted by N-lauroylsarcosine.

PMID- 6425302
TI  - Cell cycle dynamics of an M-phase-specific cytoplasmic factor in Xenopus laevis
      oocytes and eggs.
AB  - We have examined the regulation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity in
      the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles of Xenopus laevis eggs and oocytes. To this
      end, we developed a method for the small scale extraction of eggs and oocytes and
      measured MPF activity in extracts by a dilution end point assay. We find that in
      oocytes, MPF activity appears before germinal vesicle breakdown and then
      disappears rapidly at the end of the first meiotic cycle. In the second meiotic
      cycle, MPF reappears before second metaphase, when maturation arrests. Thus, MPF
      cycling coincides with the abbreviated cycles of meiosis. When oocytes are
      induced to mature by low levels of injected MPF, cycloheximide does not prevent
      the appearance of MPF at high levels in the first cycle. This amplification
      indicates that an MPF precursor is present in the oocyte and activated by
      posttranslational means, triggered by the low level of injected MPF. Furthermore,
      MPF disappears approximately on time in such oocytes, indicating that the agent
      for MPF inactivation is also activated by posttranslational means. However, in
      the absence of protein synthesis, MPF never reappears in the second meiotic
      cycle. Upon fertilization or artificial activation of normal eggs, MPF disappears
      from the cytoplasm within 8 min. For a period thereafter, the inactivating agent
      remains able to destroy large amounts of MPF injected into the egg. It loses
      activity just as endogenous MPF appears at prophase of the first mitotic cycle.
      The repeated reciprocal cycling of MPF and the inactivating agent during cleavage
      stages is unaffected by colchicine and nocodazole and therefore does not require
      the effective completion of spindle formation, mitosis, or cytokinesis. However,
      MPF appearance is blocked by cycloheximide applied before mitosis; and MPF
      disappearance is blocked by cytostatic factor. In all these respects, MPF and the
      inactivating agent seem to be tightly linked to, and perhaps participate in, the
      cell cycle oscillator previously described for cleaving eggs of Xenopus laevis
      (Hara, K., P. Tydeman, and M. Kirschner, 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77:462
      466).

PMID- 6425303
TI  - Organization of mammalian neurofilament polypeptides within the neuronal
      cytoskeleton.
AB  - Neurofilaments in the axons of mammalian spinal cord neurons are extensively
      cross-linked; consequently, the filaments and their cross-bridges compose a three
      dimensional lattice. We have used antibody decoration in situ combined with
      tissue preparation by the quick-freeze, deep-etch technique to locate three
      neurofilament polypeptides (195, 145, and 73 Kd) within this lattice. When
      antibodies against each polypeptide were incubated with detergent-extracted,
      formaldehyde-fixed samples of rabbit spinal cord, each antibody assumed a
      characteristic distribution: anti-73-Kd decorated the neurofilament core
      uniformly, but not the cross-bridges; anti-145-Kd also decorated the core, but
      less uniformly; sometimes the anti-145-Kd antibodies were located over the bases
      of cross-bridges. In contrast, anti-195-Kd primarily decorated the cross-bridges
      between the neurofilaments. These observations show that the 73-Kd polypeptide is
      a component of the central core of neurofilaments, and that the 195-Kd
      polypeptide is a component of the inter-neurofilamentous cross-bridges. It is
      consistent with this conclusion that we found few cross-bridges between
      neurofilaments in the optic nerves of neonatal rabbits during a developmental
      period when the ratio of 195 to 73 or 145-Kd polypeptides is much lower than in
      adults. The ratio of 195-Kd polypeptide to the other two neurofilament
      polypeptides also appeared much lower in the cell bodies and dendrites than in
      axons of adult spinal cord neurons, when the dispositions of the three
      polypeptides were studied by immunofluorescence experiments. The cell bodies
      apparently contain neurofilaments composed primarily of 145- and 73-Kd
      polypeptides, because we observed antibody decoration of individual
      neurofilaments in the cell bodies with anti-73- and -145-Kd, but not with anti
      195-Kd. We conclude that the 195-Kd polypeptide participates in a cross-linking
      function, and that this function is, at least in certain neurons, most prevalent
      in the mature axon.

PMID- 6425304
TI  - Plasma membrane coat and a coated vesicle-associated reticulum of membranes:
      their structure and possible interrelationship in Chara corallina.
AB  - Primary fixation with buffered glutaraldehyde plus 2.0 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% tannic
      acid results in the preservation of certain portions of the plasma membrane coat
      of Chara when seen with the electron microscope. Such a coat is not observable
      after fixation with glutaraldehyde alone. The coat appears to be present on all
      the above ground, vegetative cells of the male plant. Within complex
      invaginations of the plasma membrane, which are known as charasomes, the coat has
      two structural components, a central core that is either tubular or solid and a
      fibrous or granular peripheral region that surrounds the core. The coat material
      appears to be at least partially derived, via exocytosis, from the contents of
      single membrane-bound organelles known as glycosomes. Glycosomes seem to
      originate from within an assemblage of membranes and coated vesicles that can be
      described, in purely structural terms, as a partially coated reticulum. Such a
      reticulum is distinguishable from Golgi stacks because the reticulum (a) is not
      composed of stacked membranes, (b) is extensively involved with large, clearly
      detailed coated vesicles and coated invaginations, (c) is closely associated with
      glycosomes, and (d) is only slightly stained by the zinc-iodide-osmium tetraoxide
      reagent.

PMID- 6425305
TI  - Transitions in Dictyostelium discoideum behaviour: influence of calcium and
      fluoride on slug phototaxis and thermotaxis.
AB  - Phototaxis and thermotaxis by slugs of Dictyostelium discoideum show transitions
      that result in bimodality in phototaxis and temperature-dependent orientation up
      or down temperature gradients. New steps in the sensory transduction chain for
      these kinds of behaviour are elucidated from studies using inorganic salts (Ca2+,
      EGTA, KF) and several mutants. KF enhances bimodality of phototaxis, improves the
      accuracy of thermotaxis, and affects the transition temperatures from positive to
      negative thermotaxis. Changing the Ca2+ concentration has effects on both
      phototaxis and thermotaxis. At low Ca2+ concentrations phototaxis and thermotaxis
      are enhanced. In the presence of EGTA or high concentrations of Ca2+ phototaxis
      becomes bimodal, thermotaxis is impaired and spontaneous turning is suppressed.
      These results obtained by changing Ca2+ concentrations are analogous to those
      obtained previously with sensory transduction mutations, which coordinately
      affect phototaxis and thermotaxis.

PMID- 6425306
TI  - Effects of monensin on the processing and intracellular transport of influenza
      virus haemagglutinin in infected MDCK cells.
AB  - The role of the Golgi complex in the intracellular transport of influenza virus
      haemagglutinin in infected MDCK cell monolayers has been investigated using
      monensin, a carboxylic ionophore known to disrupt the functioning of this
      organelle in other cell types. In untreated cells metabolically labelled 5 h post
      infection with [35S]methionine haemagglutinin was first seen in core glycosylated
      form, which was sensitive to the enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo
      H). After approximately 20 min this form was converted into a terminally
      glycosylated, endo H-resistant form. In the presence of monensin core
      glycosylation of haemagglutinin was not affected, but terminal glycosylation was
      interrupted. Two new forms of haemagglutinin were observed, both of which were
      smaller than the core glycosylated form. Of these, the larger was endo H
      sensitive while the smaller was endo H-resistant. These new (and uncharacterized)
      forms of haemagglutinin are likely to be intermediates in the normal process of
      terminal glycosylation, which are revealed as a result of the inhibition by
      monensin of the transport of haemagglutinin through the stack of Golgi cisternae.
      In untreated cells 85% of the pulse-labelled haemagglutinin had reached the
      plasma membrane after 90 min of chase, as revealed by its sensitivity to
      externally applied trypsin. In monensin-treated cells, on the other hand, only
      55% of the haemagglutinin had reached the plasma membrane after 90 min of chase,
      while 94% had arrived there after 180 min of chase. At 5 h post-infection the
      density of envelope proteins detected at the apical surface of the monolayer by
      immunofluorescence microscopy was greatly reduced by monensin treatment. Budding
      of virions from the apical surface of the monolayer at 4 and 7 h post-infection
      was also reduced, and the normal Golgi complexes were replaced by distended
      vacuoles that appeared to contain poorly preserved virions.

PMID- 6425307
TI  - [Experimental study of an absorbable hemostatic clip].
AB  - A new absorbable hemostatic clip was investigated by a study in the rat. The
      reliability and innocuity of the clip were similar to that of the metallic clips
      from the clinical point of view. Its absorbability and radiotransparency
      qualities make it the method of choice for ensuring hemostasis and lymphostasis
      when long-term follow-up investigations involve modern radiological techniques
      such as computed tomography.

PMID- 6425308
TI  - Biofeedback pain control.

PMID- 6425309
TI  - Acute chest pain and ST-segment depression.

PMID- 6425310
TI  - Fever, cough, anal ulcer in a heterosexual man.

PMID- 6425311
TI  - Extracorporeal oxygenation in neonates.

PMID- 6425312
TI  - A tattooed man with fatigue and weight loss.

PMID- 6425313
TI  - Cardiovascular imaging: coronary artery stenosis.

PMID- 6425314
TI  - NMR: right approach, wrong target.

PMID- 6425315
TI  - Calculating blood gases on a pocket computer.

PMID- 6425316
TI  - Jenner: from folklore to scientific triumph.

PMID- 6425317
TI  - Reference books.

PMID- 6425318
TI  - Couching the question: Freud revisited.

PMID- 6425320
TI  - Indirect ophthalmoscopy and ocular melanoma.

PMID- 6425319
TI  - Treatment of bleeding varices: controversy and opportunity.

PMID- 6425321
TI  - Orthostatic hypotension: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6425322
TI  - Diet and breast cancer.

PMID- 6425323
TI  - What is unprofessional conduct?

PMID- 6425324
TI  - Fetal tachycardia without fetal distress.

PMID- 6425325
TI  - Etiologic evaluation and treatment of malabsorption syndrome.

PMID- 6425326
TI  - Diabetic ketoacidosis: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6425327
TI  - Leishmaniasis: the pathologic spectrum.

PMID- 6425328
TI  - An immunodeficient and 'backward' child.

PMID- 6425329
TI  - Manipulation of nutrients to prevent cancer.

PMID- 6425330
TI  - Prescription drug advertising to the general public.

PMID- 6425331
TI  - Lymphadenopathy, fever, organomegaly, and fear.

PMID- 6425332
TI  - Corticosteroid regimens in pediatric practice.

PMID- 6425333
TI  - The passive voice is deemed to be bad.

PMID- 6425334
TI  - Blood/vessel interaction in coronary disease.

PMID- 6425335
TI  - Recurrent UTI in pregnant woman with congenital spina bifida.

PMID- 6425336
TI  - Of medical costs, goals, golden eggs, and gored oxen.

PMID- 6425337
TI  - Dyspnea and cough in keeper of pet pigeon.

PMID- 6425338
TI  - BSE--some 'points for emphasis'.

PMID- 6425339
TI  - The mating poems of D. H. Lawrence.

PMID- 6425340
TI  - Reporting of sexually abused children.

PMID- 6425341
TI  - On cancer clustering.

PMID- 6425342
TI  - The sympathetic dystrophies.

PMID- 6425343
TI  - Fever, diaphoresis, and jaundice in an alcoholic.

PMID- 6425345
TI  - Anterior Q waves in a refugee.

PMID- 6425344
TI  - Roast beef, onions, and substernal chest pain.

PMID- 6425346
TI  - Molecular genetics of the HPRT-deficiency syndromes.

PMID- 6425347
TI  - Rapid determination of aflatoxin B1 in Dutch feeding stuffs by high-performance
      liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization.
AB  - Concentrated feeding-stuff samples are extracted with chloroform. Clean-up of the
      extract is carried out by applying six samples in the middle of a thin-layer
      plate and developing it first with diethylether. After drying and cutting off a
      part of the plate, development is carried out in the opposite direction with a
      mixture of chloroform, acetone and water. The aflatoxin-containing part of the
      chromatogram is removed and extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and
      acetone. In subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the use of
      post-column derivatization with iodine in water results in a 50-fold increase in
      sensitivity, permitting determinations at the microgram/kg level. Recovery is
      better than 80%, and the detection limit is better than 1 microgram/kg. In the
      HPLC system described extracts from citrus pulp are eluted after aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6425348
TI  - Chromatographic separation of papain evaluated by immunochemical methods.
AB  - The chromatographic separation of crude papain preparations on Sephadex G-50
      (fine) enables pure papain to be obtained in a single step. Immunochemical
      techniques have been found to be very convenient for testing the purity of the
      individual chromatographic fractions. A general approach is presented that makes
      it possible to follow the course of the chromatographic purification of any
      immunogenic compound by simple qualitative immunochemical techniques that can be
      applied in any laboratory.

PMID- 6425349
TI  - Lipoxygenase products. A novel gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for
      monohydroxy fatty acids.
AB  - We present a novel mass spectrometric method for the profiling of monohydroxy
      fatty acids and illustrate its use for the analysis of lesional skin of patients
      with psoriasis. By combination of vapour phase hydrogenation and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring the position of the
      substituted hydroxyl group of each fatty acid was determined in their methyl
      ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. Reduction was instantaneous and
      quantitative allowing detection of less than 100 picogram of each compound.
      Biological extracts, derivatised as methyl ester tert.-butyldimethylsilyl ethers,
      were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Separation was dependent on carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, but
      not on the position of the silyl ether group. Subsequent conversion of the tert.
      butyldimethylsilyl ethers to trimethylsilyl ethers facilitated detection of each
      of the positional hydroxyl isomers as described. Distinction between double bond
      isomers was possible when they were separated on gas chromatography prior to
      reduction.

PMID- 6425350
TI  - Simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of tocainide in blood plasma using
      gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection.
AB  - Tocainide is a new experimental antiarrhythmic agent used clinically as the
      racemic mixture of two enantiomers. Since the optical isomers may differ in their
      efficacy and toxicity, we have initiated studies on the stereoselective
      disposition of tocainide. For this purpose, an assay was developed for the
      simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of tocainide in blood plasma.
      Alkalinized 1-ml plasma samples containing tocainide and an internal standard, 2
      amino-2',6'-acetoxylidide, are extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extract
      is treated with the chiral reagent (S)-alpha-methoxy-alpha
      trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride, and the resulting derivatives are resolved
      and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection.
      Calibration data were fitted by least-squares power curves of the form: drug
      enantiomer/internal standard peak area ratio = A X CB where A and B were
      constants and C was the concentration of tocainide enantiomer. The lower limit of
      sensitivity of the assay was 10 ng/ml of each enantiomer. Intra-assay
      coefficients of variation were 3.3 and 2.1% for (R)-(-)-tocainide at
      concentrations of 0.125 and 1.25 micrograms/ml, respectively, and 3.4 and 2.4%
      for the (S)-(+) enantiomer at the same concentrations. Diazepam may interfere
      with the determination of (R)-(-)-tocainide if concentrations smaller than 1
      microgram/ml of this enantiomer are measured in the presence of higher-than
      therapeutic (greater than 1.5 micrograms/ml) concentrations of diazepam.

PMID- 6425351
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of mitomycin C in human plasma and urine.

PMID- 6425352
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of mitomycin C in plasma and urine.

PMID- 6425353
TI  - Determination of free trimethyllysine in plasma and tissue specimens by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the determination of 6-N-trimethyllysine in tissues and plasma is
      described. Trimethyllysine and the chemically analogous 6-N-triethyllysine
      (internal standard) were isolated from acid-soluble fractions of tissue
      homogenates or plasma by combined ion-exchange--ion-exclusion chromatography.
      Trimethyllysine and triethyllysine were separated from other sample constituents
      by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography, derivatized
      post-column by reaction with o-phthalicdicarboxaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol,
      and detected fluorometrically. Standard curves were linear over a sample
      concentration range of 0.5--4 nmol/ml. The detection limit corresponded with 25
      pmol trimethyllysine injected into the chromatograph. The procedure was used for
      the determination of trimethyllysine in plasma, liver, kidney, and mixed skeletal
      muscle of rat.

PMID- 6425354
TI  - Modification of interpretive breakpoints for netilmicin disk susceptibility tests
      with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Regression analysis of data correlating 30-micrograms netilmicin disk zone
      diameters with microdilution MICs, obtained by testing close-interval dilution
      steps, was performed with 77 selected strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each
      tested in three independent laboratories. A zone of greater than or equal to 15
      mm correlated with an MIC of less than or equal to 12 micrograms/ml
      (susceptible), and a zone of less than or equal to 12 mm correlated with an MIC
      of greater than 16 micrograms/ml (resistant). Additional disk tests were
      performed with 256 strains having known resistance mechanisms and 280 susceptible
      strains: the majority were appropriately categorized by these interpretive zone
      standards. The previously recommended standards of greater than or equal to 17 mm
      (MIC, less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) for the susceptible category
      inappropriately placed a significant number of truly susceptible P. aeruginosa
      strains in the intermediate category.

PMID- 6425355
TI  - Validity of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      antigens.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Gonozyme, Abbott Laboratories) for the antigenic
      detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in endocervical or urethral specimens was
      evaluated. EIA results were compared with results of conventional culture tests
      for N. gonorrhoeae. Specimens from 208 males (113 culture positive) and 252
      females (72 culture positive) were tested. The sensitivity and specificity of EIA
      for specimens from males were 97.3 and 95.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and
      specificity of EIA for specimens from females were 79.2 and 87.2%, respectively.

PMID- 6425356
TI  - Rapid confirmatory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with lectins and
      chromogenic substrates.
AB  - A group of five tests utilizing wheat germ and soybean lectins and chromogenic
      substrates (orthonitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, gamma-glutamyl-beta
      naphthylamide, and prolyl-beta-naphthylamide derivatives) was used as a rapid (30
      min) method for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The rapid method
      agreed with Minitek test results for all 126 N. gonorrhoeae isolates and all 39
      nongonococcal isolates tested. Soybean lectin was useful for the identification
      of rare strains (4 of 126) of N. gonorrhoeae which are not agglutinated by wheat
      germ lectin. The chromogenic substrates differentiate N. gonorrhoeae from
      Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica, and other Neisseria species which
      may grow on Thayer-Martin or other selective media.

PMID- 6425357
TI  - Antigen detection for the diagnosis of gonorrhea.
AB  - We compared the diagnostic value of an enzyme immunoassay method for detection of
      gonococcal antigen in genital secretions with culture results and direct Gram
      stain for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 1,171 men and 723 women attending a sexually
      transmitted disease clinic. When compared with culture results in men, the
      immunoassay provided a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 98% and was
      essentially equivalent to the urethral Gram stain. The predictive value of a
      positive immunoassay was 97% in men with a urethral discharge in whom the
      prevalence of gonorrhea was 36%, and 30% in men without urethral discharge, who
      had a 2% prevalence of gonorrhea (P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of the
      immunoassay was 95% in men with and 67% in men without urethral discharge (P less
      than 0.01). In women, the immunoassay resulted in a sensitivity of 78% and a
      specificity of 98% compared with cervical culture and had a significantly better
      sensitivity than the cervical Gram stain (78 versus 48%, P less than 0.001).
      Analysis of patients with discrepant culture and immunoassay results suggested
      that most culture-negative, immunoassay-positive patients probably did not have
      gonorrhea. After treatment, all but 1 of 59 originally culture- and immunoassay
      positive patients became negative in both tests by 3 days. Results of the
      immunoassay were not affected by transport or by refrigeration for up to 30 days.

PMID- 6425358
TI  - Rapid and reliable method for production of a specific Paracoccidioides
      brasiliensis immunodiffusion test antigen.
AB  - Previously published methods to produce Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens
      for serological tests have yielded antigens of inconsistent quality and have
      involved the use of special semisynthetic media and growth periods of 1 to 3
      months to yield suitable reagents. A simple procedure that uses commercially
      available potato glucose agar and either SABHI broth (Difco Laboratories) or
      Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) inoculated with the mycelial form
      of P. brasiliensis consistently yielded high-titer antigens in 2 weeks or less.
      This new method permits the almost exclusive production of an antigen identical
      to the specific E antigen described by Yarzabal (Yarzabal et al., Sabouradia
      14:275-280, 1976) and the apparently equivalent specific antigen 1 described by
      Restrepo and Moncada (A. Restrepo and L. H. Moncada, Appl. Microbiol. 28:138-144,
      1974). In the immunodiffusion test, the rapidly produced antigen demonstrated a
      sensitivity of 90% by detecting antibody in sera from 103 of 114 proven cases of
      paracoccidioidomycosis. The specificity of this antigen was 100% because none of
      139 sera from patients with heterologous mycotic diseases demonstrated diagnostic
      precipitins against the P. brasiliensis antigen. In the complement fixation
      tests, the rapidly produced antigen was not as suitable as the one prepared by
      the method of Restrepo-Moreno and Schneidau (A. Restrepo-Moreno and J. D.
      Schneidau, Jr., J. Bacteriol. 93:1741-1748, 1967).

PMID- 6425359
TI  - Evaluation of the automicrobic system for detection of resistance of
      Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin.
AB  - The AutoMicrobic system (AMS) (Vitek System, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) was tested for
      its ability to determine oxacillin and gentamicin susceptibility of 98 known
      oxacillin-susceptible and 103 known oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      isolates. AMS and reference oxacillin susceptibility results were in agreement
      for all 95 (100%) oxacillin-susceptible isolates. In contrast, only 23 (22.3%) of
      the 103 known oxacillin-resistant isolates were correctly reported. For the known
      oxacillin-resistant isolates, 65 received AMS reports at 3 to 4 h, with only 9%
      being correct, whereas 38 were reported at 5 to 6 h, with 47% being correct. The
      reliability of AMS gentamicin susceptibility results was evaluated by testing the
      198 S. aureus isolates in parallel with MIC-2000 broth dilution tests. AMS
      gentamicin susceptibility results were found to be reliable and essentially
      identical to MIC-2000 results. The possibility of improving AMS oxacillin
      resistance detection by using gentamicin resistance as a linked screening marker
      for oxacillin resistance was evaluated with data from the parallel AMS and MIC
      2000 gentamicin susceptibility tests and from data accrued on recent clinical
      laboratory isolates. By these two approaches, respective sensitivities of 97 and
      99.8%, and specificity of 72%, were found for detection of oxacillin-resistant
      isolates by using gentamicin resistance as a marker.

PMID- 6425360
TI  - Evaluation of the automicrobic system for susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
AB  - The AutoMicrobic system (AMS; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) was studied
      for its ability to produce accurate and precise MIC interpretations for
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
      MICs were determined in parallel on 200 selected P. aeruginosa isolates by using
      the AMS discrete-integer MIC program AMS p12.ROB for interpretation of the AMS
      Gram-Negative General Susceptibility Urinary Card, and a reference small-integer
      broth microdilution test. Parallel AMS and broth microdilution MICs were also
      replicated for three selected strains of P. aeruginosa for which MICs were
      representative of the dilution test ranges. For the 200 P. aeruginosa isolates,
      mean AMS MICs were significantly larger than the reference test mean MICs,
      coefficients of variation were approximately double those of the reference test,
      and correlation coefficients were unacceptably low for each antimicrobial agent.
      MIC replication studies for the three selected P. aeruginosa strains showed
      comparable AMS and reference mean MICs in the lower portions of the dilution
      ranges, significantly higher AMS mean MICs in the upper portions, and mean
      coefficients of variation of 63 and 9.6%, respectively, for replicated AMS and
      reference MICs. These results indicate that the AMS, in its present stage of
      development, does not produce acceptable MIC measurements for P. aeruginosa
      susceptibility to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.

PMID- 6425361
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide banding patterns of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were
      examined by electrophoresis after whole-cell lysis and proteinase K digestion.
      The banding patterns observed from clinical isolates and laboratory strains
      demonstrated lipopolysaccharide which included a small number of smooth high
      molecular-weight molecules as well as the previously reported lower-molecular
      weight rough lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6425362
TI  - The 1% fund and the control of protein-calorie malnutrition.

PMID- 6425363
TI  - Metabolic clearance and plasma disappearance rates of human pancreatic tumor
      growth hormone releasing factor in man.
AB  - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and plasma disappearance rate (t1/2) of human
      pancreatic tumor growth hormone releasing factor [hpGRF(1-40)] was determined in
      normal adult male subjects by single injection and constant infusion techniques.
      Single injections of 1, 3.3, and 10 micrograms/kg hpGRF(1-40) were administered
      intravenously, plasma immunoreactive (IR) GRF levels were measured during the
      subsequent 180 min, and biexponential curve analysis was performed. Graded, dose
      constant infusions of hpGRF(1-40) at rates of 1, 3.3, 10, and 33 ng/kg per min
      were administered and the MCR was calculated from measurement of steady state
      plasma IR-GRF levels at each infusion rate. The postinfusion disappearance rate
      was determined by linear regression analysis of plasma IR-GRF levels during the
      120-min period after cessation of the infusion. The calculated MCR during the
      single injection study was 194 +/- 17.5 liters/m2 per d and was not significantly
      different from the calculated value during the constant infusion study (202 +/-
      16 liters/m2 per d). The disappearance rate during the single injection study was
      subdivided into two linear phases: an initial equilibration phase (7.6 +/- 1.2
      min) and a subsequent elimination phase (51.8 +/- 5.4 min). The latter was
      similar to the linear disappearance rate observed (41.3 +/- 3.0 min) after
      cessation of the constant infusion. The chromatographic and biologic
      characteristics of plasma IR-GRF, 30 min after injection, were similar to those
      of synthetic hpGRF(1-40). The results have been discussed in relation to the MCR
      of other hypothalamic hormones and have been used to extrapolate secretion rates
      of GRF in patients with ectopic GRF production.

PMID- 6425364
TI  - Reanalysis of antisera specificities and binding characteristics of rat pituitary
      hormone assays.
AB  - Rat pituitary hormone radioimmunoassays (RIAs) are widely used in reproductive
      research, yet data on specificity and binding characteristics of many of the
      antisera are not widely available. This report characterizes one set of rat
      antisera supplied by the National Institutes of Health (USA). Rat follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) antisera
      appear specific, but TSH exhibited significant competition in the rat luteinizing
      hormone (LH) assay. In addition, statistically significant nonparallelism was
      demonstrable in all three assay systems. This creates further problems in
      characterizing antisera cross-reactivity and may make potency estimates for
      pituitary standards inaccurate.

PMID- 6425365
TI  - Noxythiolin--high-performance liquid chromatographic assay and stability.
AB  - A rapid stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for
      noxythiolin has been developed and its application to the determination of the
      shelf-life of solid and solution forms is illustrated. Kinetic models which
      describe the degradation profile have been evaluated and concentrated solutions
      are modelled by a A B + C system whereas more dilute solutions approximate to the
      A B or limiting first-order case.

PMID- 6425366
TI  - Embryonic development of monoaminergic neurons in the chick retina.
AB  - By means of a histofluorescence technique, embryonic and postnatal development of
      monoaminergic neurons was followed in the chicken retina with or without
      intravitreal injection of monoamines 30-60 minutes before eye removal.
      Fluorescent cells were tentatively classified into five subsets with respect to
      the soma shape, localization, migration of somata during retinal development,
      uptake capacity (color and intensity in fluorescence), and sensitivity to
      neurotoxins. The five subsets of cells were endogenous dopaminergic (DA),
      catecholamine-accumulating (CA), indoleamine-accumulating (IA), CA-bipolarlike,
      and IA-bipolarlike cells. Greenish endogenous DA-cells first appeared at the 14
      15th embryonic day. The cell body of DA-cells was initially fusiform and located
      slightly distal to the innermost level of the inner nuclear layer (INL). They
      became round or oval and migrated to the innermost level of the INL by day 20.
      Both large and small bottle-shaped CA-cells were visualized at an intermediate
      portion of INL by intravitreal injection of exogenously applied dopamine or
      noradrenaline (1-2 micrograms/eye) at day 10. Large bottle-shaped cells, like the
      DA cells, changed to round or oval and migrated to the innermost level of the INL
      by day 20. On the other hand, small bottle-shaped CA-cells retained their cell
      shape and location in the INL as retinal development progressed. Therefore, the
      large bottle-shaped CA-cells seen in an early developmental stage correspond to
      the DA-cells. IA-cells were visualized one or two cell rows outward in the INL
      first at day 13-14 by intravitreal injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine or 5
      hydroxytryptamine (1-5 micrograms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425367
TI  - The coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis.
AB  - Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus (LE) have both been reported in
      association with psoriasis. Four additional patients who had systemic LE are
      reported. All of them had a high titer of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and were
      SS-A(Ro)-negative. Only one patient exhibited photosensitivity. SS-A(Ro)
      antibodies do not appear to be specific markers for the coexistence of LE and
      psoriasis, and screening for them in all psoriatics prior to ultraviolet B
      phototherapy is not recommended. Pitfalls in the management of patients with
      systemic LE and psoriasis are discussed.

PMID- 6425368
TI  - Living history series: Jean E. Schweer. Interview by Patricia S. Yoder Wise.

PMID- 6425369
TI  - Notes on continuing education: so you want to try consulting.

PMID- 6425370
TI  - Inservice education: it can improve your patient records!

PMID- 6425371
TI  - Inservice education: a way to manage job stress using a decision-making model.

PMID- 6425372
TI  - Inservice education: an evaluation of the preceptor model versus the formal
      teaching model.

PMID- 6425373
TI  - Coping: decentralized staff development.

PMID- 6425374
TI  - The E.D. nurse's dilemma: implications for continuing education.

PMID- 6425375
TI  - Evaluation of a surfactant mixture C31G as a teat dip by a modified excised teat
      model.
AB  - A mixture of amphoteric surfactants with antimicrobial properties, C31G, was
      evaluated as a teat dip by a modified excised teat model. The model was modified
      to avoid misinterpretation of results from indigenous bacterial microflora on
      teats. In three experiments, bacterial numbers recovered from teats dipped in
      .75, 1.5, and 3.0% solutions of C31G were compared with bacteria recovered from
      undipped teats (negative controls) and teats dipped with 1.0% iodophor (an
      effective teat dip). Mean log reductions of teat end concentrations of
      Staphylococcus, aureus, Streptococcus fecalis, and Escherichia coli were
      determined in each experiment. Efficacy was greatest for the 3.0% solution of
      C31G with mean log reductions (Log reduction = Log 10 of controls - Log 10 of
      dipped teats) 3.53 for Staphylococcus aureus, 2.89 for Streptococcus fecalis, and
      3.16 for Escherichia coli. Iodophor (1%) yielded mean log reductions of 3.26 for
      Staphylococcus aureus, 2.16 for Streptococcus fecalis, and 2.83 for Escherichia
      coli. For all three organisms, number of viable organisms decreased with
      increasing concentrations of C31G. The efficacy of C31G should be evaluated in
      vivo.

PMID- 6425376
TI  - Toxigenic Bacillus cereus var. fluorescens in human milk.
AB  - Human milk with high bacterial load of B. cereus var. fluorescens is reported.
      The organism was identified by morphological, cultural, and biochemical
      characteristics. Lecithinase and haemolysin were produced in rabbit and bovine
      blood. The toxigenic nature of the organism was confirmed by production of
      necrosis on rabbit skin and fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loop. An
      antibiotic resistogram also has been included.

PMID- 6425377
TI  - Model of metabolite flux within mammary gland of the lactating cow.
AB  - A balance model of milk synthesis was developed. The model balances carbon flow
      into and out of the gland and generates sufficient energy and reducing
      equivalents to meet synthetic requirements. Calculated uptakes of glucose,
      acetate, and betahydroxybutyrate were sufficient to meet gland requirements.
      Estimated uptakes of essential amino acids were less than output in milk and had
      to be adjusted to balance the model. Triacylglyceride fatty acid uptake from
      blood plasma was less than required for milk fat synthesis. A possible uptake of
      other plasma fatty acids was postulated to balance the model. Availability of
      glucose and oxidizable substrate suggested 42% of reducing equivalents for fat
      synthesis were generated in the pentose cycle and the remainder (58%) by
      isocitrate dehydrogenase. The balance model was used to formulate a dynamic model
      with equations to trace fates of isotopically labeled carbons from a variety of
      substrates. These were used to evaluate effects of changing nutrient availability
      and rate constants upon patterns of tracer distribution in products and to
      identify experimental data required to define rate constants uniquely in the
      model. Additional data are required to define equations for a number of key
      reactions that exhibit nonlinear kinetics in vivo.

PMID- 6425378
TI  - A comparative study of four forms of psychotherapy.

PMID- 6425379
TI  - Medical management of inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6425380
TI  - [Regulation of exoprotease synthesis in Bacillus thuringiensis].

PMID- 6425381
TI  - Facilitation of renal function by intermittent mandatory ventilation.
AB  - The effects of intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) and controlled mechanical
      ventilation (CMV) on excretory function and the hemodynamics of the kidneys were
      studied in two groups of anaesthetized dogs during periods of 3 and 4 h. IMV was
      associated with statistically significant improved urinary output and renal
      plasma flow of approximately 50 and 35%, respectively. Graphical and statistical
      analysis revealed certain cross-over effects indicating that the beneficial
      effect of IMV was more pronounced if it was used following CMV. The improvements
      in renal function were interpreted as consequences of decreased mean
      intrathoracic pressures during IMV as compared to CMV. A correlation to global
      hemodynamic changes could not be established. IMV does facilitate kidney function
      and hence may successfully counteract the retention of water and salt which
      occurs during prolonged mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6425382
TI  - An analysis of the diagnostic methods for acute pulmonary embolism.
AB  - In spite of numerous sophisticated investigative procedures, acute pulmonary
      embolism (PE) is very frequently misdiagnosed. In order to improve the diagnostic
      approach to PE, the sensitivity and specificity of the commonly used methods were
      reviewed in a group of 421 patients with angiographically proved PE without
      associated cardio-pulmonary disease. The specificity of diagnostic procedures
      was, by decreasing order: positive pulmonary angiography (to affirm) = negative
      perfusion lung scan (to eliminate) greater than chest X-ray much greater than
      clinical symptoms, positive perfusion lung scan, ECG, blood gas, serum enzymes.

PMID- 6425383
TI  - Pit and fissure sealant use: an issue explored.

PMID- 6425384
TI  - Evaluation of accumulation of calculus in tube-fed mentally handicapped patients.
AB  - A group of tube-fed, nonambulatory, and multihandicapped clients and a similar
      nontube-fed group were compared to determine the rate of calculus formation over
      90 days. The findings indicate that calculus formation is significantly more
      rapid in the tube-fed group: the majority (71%) of this calculus was formed
      within the first 30 days; there was no significant difference in plaque formation
      between the two groups, and the oral hygiene level for both groups was poor.
      Further study is in progress to determine the impact of rapid buildup of calculus
      on oral health; any disadvantage caused the patient by frequent prophylaxis; and
      possible causes of the rapid onset of calculus formation.

PMID- 6425385
TI  - Nifedipine--phenytoin interaction.

PMID- 6425386
TI  - Assessment of caloric needs in stressed patients.
AB  - An accurate assessment of the energy needs of hospitalized patients is necessary
      to fulfill caloric requirements, yet avoid inducing complications associated with
      excessive energy provisions. The objective of this study was to compare actual
      energy needs as determined by indirect calorimetry with several methods for
      estimating energy needs. These included the Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE), HBE
      plus factors for stress (ie, trauma, surgery, cancer), Wilmore 's nomogram, and
      estimates using 25 and 35 kcal/kg. One hundred nineteen parenteral nutrition
      patients were studied. HBE or the method of 25 kcal/kg was found to be most
      accurate in predicting energy needs. Stress factor adjustments of HBE
      significantly overestimated energy needs when compared to indirect calorimetry,
      as did the use of Wilmore 's nomogram and the factor of 35 kcal/kg.

PMID- 6425387
TI  - The allergenic and antigenic properties of spore extracts of Aspergillus
      fumigatus: a comparative study of spore extracts with mycelium and culture
      filtrate extracts.
AB  - The antigenic properties of conidial preparations of Aspergillus fumigatus were
      compared with mycelial and culture filtrate extracts by use of sera of patients
      with aspergillosis and hyperimmune rabbit serum. Biologic activities were tested
      by intracutaneous tests. The immunologic parameters used were: precipitating
      properties in double-diffusion, IgG binding by ELISA, IgE binding by enzyme
      inhibition assay, and by enzyme allergosorbent test. It has been demonstrated
      that the components that are released after disintegration of spores have
      positive titers in all immunologic assays. The immunologic properties of these
      spore plasma extracts are comparable with mycelial and/or culture filtrate
      extracts that are in accordance with the corresponding skin reactivities.
      Components that are released spontaneously from spores are only weakly positive
      or negative in the immunologic assays and demonstrate a very low biologic
      activity.

PMID- 6425388
TI  - Occupational asthma due to pepsin.
AB  - A 30-year-old atopic worker exposed to pepsin powder, herb, and pollen extracts
      at work developed an increase in asthmatic symptoms. Monitoring of peak
      expiratory flow rate revealed more important fluctuations at work. Skin prick
      tests yielded a large immediate reaction to pepsin. Specific inhalation
      challenges confirmed the diagnosis; an intense early response was documented
      after exposure to pepsin. The pepsin IgE RAST was positive and selectively
      inhibited by pepsin.

PMID- 6425389
TI  - The lectin reactivity and lectin-like activity of allergenic pollen extracts.
AB  - The binding of soluble components of pollen grains to plant-stigma receptors can
      be inhibited by concanavalin A. This lectin-like activity of pollen components is
      important in the genetic control of plant reproduction. Aqueous extracts of
      allergenic pollens also react with concanavalin A. Agarose gel-diffusion
      precipitates were used to survey and characterize the ability of allergenic
      pollen extracts to react with concanavalin A and other lectins. Concanavalin A
      alone precipitated with extracts of plantain, American beech, white ash, and corn
      pollens. Surprisingly, extracts of the pollen from certain plants also
      precipitated when the extracts were diffused against pollen extracts from other
      plants. Pollen extracts of alfalfa, white ash, American beech, burweed marsh
      elder, redtop grass, corn, plantain, orchard grass, and aspen reacted with one or
      more other pollen extracts. Extract precipitin activity was reliably obtained
      after extracting pollens for 20 min with pH 7.5, 0.05M Tris buffer in 0.2M of
      saline. Optimal agarose gel conditions for detecting the precipitin reactions
      were pH 8.5 to 9.0, 75 mM borate buffer made to an ionic strength of 1.5M with
      NaCl for concanavalin A pollen reactions and 0.015M with NaCl for pollen-pollen
      reactions. The presence of the borate ion was necessary for optimal detection of
      the agarose gel precipitates. Studies of the inhibition of the lectin-pollen and
      pollen-pollen reactions with specific mono and disaccharides revealed many
      similarities and differences between the two types of reactions. The high
      concentrations of glycerol used to stabilize pollen extracts also inhibit these
      reactions.

PMID- 6425390
TI  - Simplified eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation challenge.
AB  - A simplified scheme for eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation ( EVH ) is described
      that requires only that a source of dry gas containing 5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2
      be hyperventilated at 40 L/min or greater. Refrigeration or measurement of end
      tidal CO2 is not required. When the ventilation pattern of a standardized
      treadmill exercise challenge in a group of exercise-sensitive asthmatics
      breathing dry air was matched according to this EVH procedure, the magnitude of
      the resultant bronchospasm and the exclusive nature of the postchallenge
      refractory period were similar, since patients in both cases were still fully
      responsive to methacholine. It is concluded that such an EVH challenge may be
      used to reproduce the bronchial heat and water fluxes that occur with exercise
      challenge as well as the consequential challenge-specific refractoriness that
      follows.

PMID- 6425391
TI  - The use of cromolyn in the management of hyperreactive airways and exercise.
AB  - Cromolyn given a few minutes before exercise significantly protects from exercise
      induced asthma in more than 70% of patients, probably through prevention of
      mediator release and possibly through other mechanisms. Its efficacy is
      comparable to that of theophylline, alpha-adrenergic blockers, and calcium
      channel blockers; better than that of atropine and ketotifen; but less than that
      of inhaled albuterol. Cromolyn seems to be more effective than metaproterenol and
      theophylline for prevention of late reactions of exercise-induced asthma. The
      addition of cromolyn markedly improved the results in patients not completely
      protected by inhaled adrenergic agents. Cromolyn also protects from other
      triggers like hyperventilation with cold air, ultrasonically nebulized water, and
      sulfur dioxide. Its prolonged administration causes a reduction in the
      nonspecific hyperreactivity as shown by tests of histamine inhalation or
      hyperventilation with cold air. This effect is thought to be a result of
      cromolyn's protection from allergic-induced increase in nonspecific
      hyperreactivity, although there is some evidence that it can also occur in
      nonatopic patients, suggesting a broader protective effect.

PMID- 6425392
TI  - Nutrition for the first Total Artificial Heart patient: implications for future
      patients.
AB  - Since the mid-1960s, millions of dollars in federal funds have been used for
      research in the development of the Total Artificial Heart (TAH). Significant
      advances in bio-materials and pump and energy systems, as well as animal
      experimentations, have led to the clinical reality of the TAH's use in man. On
      December 2, 1982, Dr. Barney Clark became the first recipient of a permanent TAH.
      He had been suffering from terminal congestive heart failure secondary to
      idiopathic cardiomyopathy. No other treatment was available, since, at the age of
      61, he was too old for heart transplant. Dr. Clark's 112-day hospitalization was
      complicated by pulmonary problems, renal insufficiency, seizures, nosebleeds, and
      a broken heart valve. Dr. Clark appeared malnourished before surgery, and his
      numerous postoperative complications confounded attempts at nutritional support.
      Standard nutritional assessment techniques were inadequate or inappropriate in
      the face of severe edema, renal failure, and multiple transfusions. Although
      nitrogen balance was achieved intermittently, for the majority of his
      hospitalization Dr. Clark remained in negative nitrogen balance, due mainly to
      renal insufficiency. Some of the nutritional complications seen in the first TAH
      patient might have been preventable with early nutritional assessment and more
      aggressive support. The Artificial Heart Management Team at the University of
      Utah now includes a nutritionist, and future protocols outline detailed nutrition
      monitoring.

PMID- 6425393
TI  - The neurotoxicity of trimethyltin chloride in hamsters, gerbils and marmosets.
AB  - Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) was given to Syrian hamsters, gerbils and marmosets,
      and the changes in the brain were studied 1 day to 7 weeks later by light and
      electron microscopy. Within the marmoset brain, TMT was found to be uniformly
      distributed, similar to that in the rat. In all three species, signs of poisoning
      included whole-body tremors and prostration, while death might occur in 3-4 days;
      in marmosets ataxia, agitation, aggression and occasional fits were also
      observed. Bilateral symmetrical neuronal necrosis and chromatolysis were seen in
      the majority, which involved the hippocampus, pyriform cortex, amygdaloid
      nucleus, neocortex, various brain stem nuclei and in marmosets the retina. The
      probably lethal dose of TMT in all three species is approximately 3 mg kg-1,
      while the LD50 for the rat is 12.6 mg kg-1. The lower figure is probably related
      to lack of binding to haemoglobin in contrast to the binding in the rat. TMT does
      not bind to human haemoglobin and thus the predicted lethal dose for humans may
      be about 3 mg kg-1 (15.1 mumol kg-1), while the dose required to produce neuronal
      damage could well be less.

PMID- 6425394
TI  - [Absorbable polydioxanone monofilament in the surgery of the anterior segment of
      the eye].
AB  - PDS (Polydioxanone suture), a new synthetic absorbable suture, was used in
      experimental and clinical trials. The experiment was performed on 14 rabbits
      anesthetized with intravenous sodium pentobarbital. Five months were needed for
      complete absorption of a piece of PDS left in a tunnelled corneal stroma. As late
      as the end of the second month no histological absorption was detected. This was
      twice as long as that persistence of polyglactin sutures studied under the same
      experimental conditions. In another series of 12 animals, the PDS suture was
      placed in the central cornea and tied with a buried knot. The PDS suture broke
      four to six weeks postoperatively in the superficial part of the cornea. The
      histologic tissue reaction in both these studies was minimal, resembling that
      obtained with black 10/0 monofilament nylon. In the clinical study, PDS sutures
      were used (size 0.2 metric and 0.3 metric) in 38 cases of cataract extraction.
      The material was easy to handle, especially when dyed violet. No side-effects
      attributable to the suture material were observed. PDS retained its tensible
      strength longer than other absorbable sutures, but can be used only for closing
      limbal incisions with conjunctival flaps in order to prevent tear hydrolysis of
      the suture.

PMID- 6425395
TI  - Observations on outbreaks of viral hepatitis in Vidisha and Rewa district of
      Madhya Pradesh, 1980.

PMID- 6425396
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic (IEM) studies on glutaraldehyde-fixed renal specimen.
AB  - Immunofluorescent microscopy (IF) has become an essential tool in the routine
      diagnosis of renal pathology. It is thought that glomerular IF patterns represent
      different forms of immunologically mediated glomerular lesions. However, in order
      to preserve antigenicity IF is usually done on frozen, unfixed specimen by light
      microscopy and it is difficult to locate target macromolecules in tissue with
      precision. In order to establish the precise location of such macromolecules in
      glomeruli in relation to the ultrastructure, we undertook an immunoelectron
      microscopic (IEM) study on renal biopsies. Percutaneously biopsied tiny specimen
      was fixed in glutaraldehyde and processed with protease. Using peroxidase-labeled
      antisera, a direct IEM was done. With this technique, target macromolecules
      corresponded well not only to electron-dense deposits but also to IF patterns. In
      one case of membranous nephropathy, immunoglobulin (Ig) was found to be outside
      of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), while IgA was seen to be inside the
      GBM. For this same case, a similar localization of immunoglobulins was not
      revealed by IF. In conclusion, IEM is a useful technique that can broaden our
      knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms in glomerular disease.

PMID- 6425397
TI  - Administration of antibiotics in combination. The antibacterial activity of blood
      serum and urine after a simultaneous administration of aminoglycosides and
      ampicillin.
AB  - Blood serum and urine samples collected from a group of volunteers treated with
      single doses of ampicillin and aminoglycoside preparations given separately or in
      combination were tested for their antimicrobial activity against the reference
      strains Staphylococcus aureus SZK 76/69 and ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SZK
      444 and SZK 385, and Escherichia coli SZK 326/71. Out of all antimicrobials and
      their combinations tested the most powerful was the combination of netilmicin
      with ampicillin. Of the therapeutic combinations used nowadays in clinical
      practice the combined use of gentamicin and ampicillin proved also effective.
      These antibiotic combinations appear thus to be best suited for the treatment of
      mixed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infections and of urinary
      tract infections caused by bacterial strains exhibiting in the in vitro
      susceptibility assays a reduced sensitivity to some of the antibiotic
      preparations used.

PMID- 6425398
TI  - Intraepithelial lymphocytes modulate Ia expression by intestinal epithelial
      cells.
AB  - We have demonstrated that although intestinal epithelial cells in fetuses and
      young rats do not express Ia antigens, in adult rats intestinal epithelial cells
      do express Ia antigens, as indicated by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal
      antibodies. Ia expression by intestinal epithelial cells appeared to be related
      to an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Most of the
      IEL were T cells and expressed the phenotype associated with cytotoxic/suppressor
      T cells, and a large number contained cytoplasmic granules. To directly study a
      possible modulating effect of IEL on intestinal epithelium, an Ia-negative
      intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC 17) of rat origin was cultured in the
      presence of supernatants obtained from Con A- or PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. IEL,
      as well as spleen cells but not bone marrow cells, were able to secrete a
      factor(s) capable of inducing Ia antigens on IEC 17 cells, as judged by
      immunoperoxidase staining and radioimmunoassay. Ia-positive IEC 17 cells were
      detectable after 12 hr and maximum Ia expression was obtained by 48-hr
      incubation. Persistence of Ia expression by intestinal epithelial cells required
      the continued presence of Ia-inducing factor in the medium. Lymphocyte
      proliferation was not essential for the secretion of the Ia-inducing factor(s).
      The characteristics and the kinetics of secretion of the Ia-inducing factor were
      similar to that of an interferon-like activity, but not of interleukin 2. Con A
      induced supernatants from IEL and spleen cells were also capable of suppressing
      the growth of IEC 17 cells. The results of this study indicate that IEL, because
      of their close association with intestinal epithelial cells, may be involved in
      modulating a variety of epithelial cell functions, including the expression of Ia
      antigens. This leads us to speculate that Ia-positive epithelial cells, like Ia
      positive macrophages and dendritic cells, may be involved in antigen presentation
      to T lymphocytes.

PMID- 6425399
TI  - The effect of deoxyguanosine on human lymphocyte function. I. Analysis of the
      interference with lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.
AB  - The effect of deoxyguanosine on mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors was studied. Deoxyguanosine was
      found to inhibit the proliferative response to mitogens and antigens.
      Concentrations of deoxyguanosine causing 50% inhibition of the proliferation
      proved to be dependent on the activity of catabolic enzymes, such as purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), in sera used in the culture media. The inhibitory
      effect of deoxyguanosine on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced cell proliferation
      was prevented by deoxycytidine as well as by hypoxanthine. These findings were
      analyzed further by determination of intracellular (deoxy)-nucleotide levels.
      Stimulation of lymphocytes by PHA in the presence of deoxyguanosine leads to
      intracellular accumulation of dGTP. The presence of hypoxanthine in addition to
      deoxyguanosine abolished the inhibitory effect but did not prevent dGTP
      accumulation. On the other hand, the addition of deoxycytidine in combination
      with deoxyguanosine did not lead to intracellular accumulation of detectable
      amounts of dGTP, but only gave partial protection against the toxic effect.
      Furthermore, guanosine inhibited mitogen-induced cell proliferation to the same
      extent as did deoxyguanosine provided that the culture media were supplemented
      with pretreated fetal calf serum. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of a PNP-deficient
      or a HGPRT-deficient patient in cultures stimulated with PHA or pokeweed mitogen
      were resistant to the inhibitory effects of guanosine and were less sensitive to
      deoxyguanosine than cells of normal donors. The present results clearly show the
      involvement of two pathways contributing to deoxyguanosine-mediated inhibition of
      the proliferation of normal lymphocytes, i.e., on the one hand degradation of
      deoxyguanosine by PNP, salvage of guanine by HGPRT, and (possibly)
      phosphorylation of GMP eventually leading to GTP, and on the other hand formation
      of dGTP by direct phosphorylation of deoxyguanosine by deoxycytidine kinase.

PMID- 6425400
TI  - The effect of deoxyguanosine on human lymphocyte function. II. Analysis of the
      interference with B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro.
AB  - The differentiation of normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes into plasma
      cells in vitro, studied in mononuclear cells stimulated with PWM or in purified B
      cells stimulated with a T cell-replacing factor (TRF), can be inhibited by both
      deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and guanosine. The mechanism underlying this effect, which
      differs from the in vivo findings in PNP deficiency, was analyzed. dGuo toxicity
      can be antagonized by hypoxanthine but not by deoxycytidine. PNP-deficient and
      HGPRT-deficient B lymphocytes are not sensitive to the intoxicating properties of
      (deoxy)guanosine. Inhibition of PNP activity in normal B lymphocytes by 8
      aminoguanosine decreases the sensitivity for dGuo intoxication. Incubation of
      purified B cells (stimulated with TRF) with dGuo leads to increased intracellular
      levels of guanosine di- and triphosphate (GDP and GTP), whereas deoxyguanosine
      triphosphate (dGTP) levels remain low. These observations lead to the conclusion
      that inhibition of B lymphocyte differentiation by dGuo is brought about by one
      of the end products of the pathway starting with degradation of dGuo by PNP,
      followed by guanine salvage by HGPRT, and possibly further phosphorylation of GMP
      into GDP and GTP. According to this mechanism, B lymphocyte differentiation in
      PNP deficiency is not sensitive to (deoxy)guanosine; because of the absence of
      PNP activity, these cells cannot accumulate GMP, GDP, and GTP, and therefore
      escape dGuo intoxication.

PMID- 6425401
TI  - A novel human leukocyte differentiation antigen: monoclonal antibody anti-D44
      defines a 28 Kd molecule present on immature hematologic cells and a
      subpopulation of mature T cells.
AB  - Anti-D44 is a cytotoxic IgG2b monoclonal antibody (MAb), which reacts with two
      polypeptides of 28 and 30 Kd from human peripheral T cells after western
      blotting. The antigen is present in low density on bone marrow cells from the
      myeloid lineage, probably including most CFU-GM; the antigen is present on
      megakaryocytes but is not detectable on erythroid cells as well as pre-B and B
      cells. Growth of BFU-E appears to be partially inhibited after treatment with
      anti-D44 + complement, an effect that should be due to bone marrow T cells rather
      than to BFU-E destruction. With maturation, the antigen is barely detectable on
      mature polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and is not detectable on platelets and
      monocytes. In contrast, cells from the thymic cortex carry a high density of this
      molecule; medullary thymocytes carry a low density. Large thymocytes
      ("thymoblasts") distinct from epithelial or interdigitating cells also bear a
      high density of the antigen. In the periphery, a subpopulation of T cells
      displays a high density of D44 molecules. D44 antigenic density is not linked to
      cell growth or to T cell activation. Double labeling and cell sorting experiments
      have shown that 40% of E rosette-forming cells are D44(+)-CD4+, 10% are CD8(+)
      D44+ and 10% are CD4(-)+CD8-, CD2+. In an accompanying report, correlation is
      shown between expression of the D44 defined molecule on T cell subpopulations and
      the function they exert. Immunoperoxidase studies of skin, brain, and kidney
      tissues, facilitated by the fact that the antigen is resistant to inclusion in
      Epon, which permits staining of semi-thin sections, have not revealed any
      positive nonhematologic cell.

PMID- 6425402
TI  - The immunopathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. II. Endothelial
      cell Ia increases prior to inflammatory cell infiltration.
AB  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell-mediated
      neuroimmunologic disease model characterized by meningeal and parenchymal
      mononuclear cell infiltrates (see preceding companion paper). Here we report
      enhanced staining for Ia in the central nervous system (CNS) microvasculature
      endothelium in acute EAE in adult strain 13 guinea pigs (GP) sensitized with GP
      spinal cord homogenate (SC) or with GP myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Cryostat sections of CNS and other tissues were stained
      with two monoclonal antibodies, 5S2 and 22C4, to GP Ia determinants, and with
      polyclonal antibody to factor VIII-related antigen (VIII-RA) as an endothelial
      cell marker. Morphometric techniques were employed on immunoperoxidase
      counterstained and coded sections to determine the frequency of Ia+ vessels and
      cells. Rare (approximately 10% of VIII-RA+) vascular endothelial cells were Ia+
      in the CNS of normal and CFA-sensitized controls. SC- or MBP-sensitized strain 13
      GP sacrificed on day 7, before the onset of neurologic signs (pre-clinical), had
      no detectable CNS mononuclear cell infiltrates, but had increased (approximately
      30% of VIII-RA+) endothelial cell Ia staining over controls (p less than 0.001).
      The endothelial Ia staining persisted (approximately 35% of VIII-RA+) in vessels
      as the animals developed paralysis. There were no differences in endothelial cell
      Ia between SC- and MBP-induced disease. EAE-resistant strain 2 GP sensitized with
      SC/CFA had no neurologic signs, and had fewer inflammatory foci than strain 13 GP
      with EAE, but had similar numbers of Ia+ endothelial cells. No differences in
      endothelial cell Ia staining were found in non-CNS tissues among any GP groups.
      In EAE, increased endothelial cell Ia is a pre-inflammatory, target organ
      specific alteration that persists during inflammation. The findings suggest that
      in vivo modulation of endothelial cell Ia may be part of the local immune
      response. Endothelial cells may play a significant role, in antigen presentation
      or in promoting T cell migration, in the in situ immune response in the CNS.

PMID- 6425403
TI  - Modulation of class I HLA antigens on HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by serum
      free medium: re-induction by gamma-IFN and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol).
AB  - During studies on the effect of different nutrient media on the growth and
      differentiation of the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, we found that the
      density of the class I HLA antigens is profoundly decreased on cells cultured in
      a serum-free medium. The ability of recombinant DNA-derived interferons (IFN) and
      a number of myeloid differentiating agents to induce re-expression of class I HLA
      antigens and beta-2-m was therefore studied. All three classes (alpha, beta, and
      gamma) of IFN were capable of re-inducing HLA and beta-2-m, although gamma-IFN
      was more potent. Of a variety of chemical differentiating agents, only 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) was found to induce HLA class I antigens. These
      results suggest that HLA and beta-2-m are not necessarily constitutive cell
      surface proteins, but instead that their expression is highly inducible.

PMID- 6425404
TI  - Recombinant interferons increase macrophage Fc receptor capacity.
AB  - We utilized recombinant interferon preparations to confirm and extend our
      previous findings that biochemically purified preparations of interferon augment
      Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated functions. Five different recombinant human alpha
      interferons (IFN) were tested and increased Fc-mediated phagocytosis and binding
      of opsonized erythrocytes with varying efficiencies. We found, however, that when
      the different alpha-IFN species were ranked with respect to their FcR-enhancing
      activity, their hierarchy differed from those reported for antiviral,
      antiproliferative, and NK cell-inducing activities. Recombinant murine gamma-IFN
      was also found to increase Fc-mediated phagocytosis, but was significantly more
      potent than either beta-IFN or recombinant alpha-IFN when compared on the basis
      of antiviral activity. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of the
      recombinant IFN may help define functional domains of the molecule.

PMID- 6425405
TI  - A rat monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to mouse T lymphoblasts and
      inhibits IL 2 receptor functions: a putative anti-IL 2 receptor antibody.
AB  - To obtain an anti-interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor antibody, we immunized rats with
      phorbol myristate acetate-pulsed mouse T lymphoblasts. The spleen cells of the
      rats were fused with rat myeloma cells. Several stable clones of hybridoma cells
      were obtained that produced monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting specifically
      with mouse T lymphoblasts. One of these mAb, AMT-13, showed characteristics of a
      putative anti-IL 2 receptor antibody. As tested by FACS analysis, the mAb AMT-13
      binds to murine T lymphoblasts or to IL 2-dependent T cell lines, but not to B
      lymphoblasts, thymocytes, splenocytes, lymph node cells, or bone marrow cells.
      The mAb AMT-13 inhibited in a species-specific and dose-dependent manner: i) the
      capacity of mouse T lymphoblasts to absorb IL 2 activity, and ii) the capacity of
      mouse T lymphoblasts to proliferate in response to IL 2. The function of T
      lymphoblasts of rat origin was not affected by the mAb AMT-13. The time course of
      the acquisition by mitogen-stimulated spleen cells of the capacity to absorb IL 2
      activity was paralleled by that of their capacity to bind the mAb AMT-13.
      Preliminary biochemical analysis of the antigen recognized by AMT-13 revealed a
      major component with an apparent m.w. of 50,000 to 60,000. According to these
      data, the mAb AMT-13 seems to be directed against an antigenic determinant of the
      murine IL 2 receptor molecule.

PMID- 6425406
TI  - Immunoselection of B cell hybridomas with anti-idiotypic antisera to study the
      role of heavy and light chains for idiotype expression and antibody activity.
AB  - Conventional reconstitution experiments with heavy (H) and light (L) offins of
      hybridoma anti-poly-(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (anti-GAT) antibodies demonstrated that H
      and L chains are required for efficient expression of anti-GAT activity and the
      previously defined common CGAT idiotype. On the basis of this observation, we
      treated a CGAT+ hybridoma cell line (F9.195.6), which was produced by fusion with
      an MOPC 21 (gamma 1, K) secretor line, with anti-CGAT idiotypic antibodies plus
      complement to select CGAT-variants. Such treatment greatly enhanced the frequency
      of isolating hybridoma variants. Molecules secreted from these variants bear anti
      GAT mu-chain and MOPC 21 L chain (as judged by serology and Southern blot
      studies), lack GAT binding activity and CGAT idiotype, and exhibit a "new"
      private idiotype (E8). Anti-private idiotypic sera were successfully used to
      select a series of CGAT+, E8- clones that secrete molecules bearing only the
      appropriate anti-GAT mu- and K chains. From E8- hybridoma supernatants, CGAT-
      molecules bearing MOPC 21 H chain and anti-GAT L chain could be obtained. The
      data indicate that immunoselection of hybridoma clones with anti-idiotypic
      antibodies is a convenient means of preparing reconstituted antibody molecules.
      Furthermore, the data demonstrate that CGAT idiotype determinants are expressed
      on antibody molecules composed of appropriate H and L chains.

PMID- 6425407
TI  - Expression of antigens of the 'T200' family of glycoproteins on hemopoietic stem
      cells: evidence that thymocyte cell lineage antigens are represented on 'T200'.
AB  - A panel of monoclonal antibodies has been used to investigate the presence of
      antigens of the 'T200' family of cell surface glycoproteins on hemopoietic stem
      cells. As measured by spleen colony inhibition using CBA bone marrow, stem cells
      were shown to be antigenically heterogeneous with respect to 'T200' family
      antigens; greater than 60% loss of spleen colonies was observed with 74/8 and
      30F11 monoclonal antibodies and with Ly5.1 alloantiserum, whereas little effect
      was observed with 30G12. Two of four monoclonal antibodies with specificity for
      B220 showed significant inhibition of spleen colony formation. Monoclonal
      antibodies against Mac-1, another family of cell surface glycoproteins, had
      little effect on stem cells. In general, a similar pattern of spleen colony
      inhibition was observed in CBA, BALB/c, and C57/BL/6 mice. Spleen colony
      inhibition did not correlate with antibody isotype or with antibody binding to
      thymocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, or platelets as determined by indirect
      radioimmunoassay. Cell lineage antigens held in common between thymocytes and
      stem cells were shown to be wholly represented on the T200 glycoprotein. Thus,
      the anti-stem cell activity in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) was absorbed by BW5147
      T200+ cells but not by a T200- variant. The results show that some antigens of
      the 'T200' family of cell surface glycoproteins defined with monoclonal
      antibodies are expressed on stem cells and that other T200 antigens represented
      in ATS but not as yet identified with monoclonal antibodies show T lineage
      restriction.

PMID- 6425408
TI  - Activation of rat serosal mast cells by chymase, an endogenous secretory granule
      protease.
AB  - Chymase, the major neutral protease of the rat serosal mast cell (RMC) secretory
      granule, causes RMC to release their secretory granules and to oxidatively
      metabolize endogenous arachidonic acid to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The granule
      markers, endogenous beta-hexosaminidase and exogenously added [3H]serotonin, were
      released from 2.5 X 10(5) RMC in 50 microliters in parallel and in dose-response
      fashion, reaching a maximum net percent release of approximately 50% with 0.5 to
      1.0 units chymase (15 U/mg)/ml. With incremental concentrations of chymase, the
      release of granule markers occurred with a shorter lag period and in a greater
      maximal net percent, whereas the release of PGD2 was dose-related without a
      reduction in latency to detectable generation. Inhibition of the esterase
      activity of chymase with lima bean trypsin inhibitor decreased the subsequent
      mast cell response, indicating that the active site of chymase was required to
      initiate granule secretion and PGD2 generation. The monophasic indomethacin
      resistant rise in cellular cAMP at 15 to 45 sec coincident with the onset of
      chymase-induced mediator release and PGD2 secretion is similar to that observed
      with IgE receptor-initiated coupled activation-secretion. The ability of heparin
      to block the activation function of chymase without inhibition of esterase
      activity reveals a possible physiologic regulatory mechanism for limiting the
      potential action of secreted chymase.

PMID- 6425409
TI  - Genetic control of the induction of cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to AKR/Gross
      viral leukemias. I. H-2-encoded dominant gene control.
AB  - Previously, a system was devised whereby H-2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      could be raised that were specific for tumors induced by endogenous AKR/Gross
      murine leukemia virus and that displayed the Gross cell surface antigen (GCSA).
      The generation of such anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL required in vivo priming with
      allogeneic (H-2 and/or non-H-2 incompatible) GCSA+ tumor cells, followed by in
      vitro restimulation with H-2-compatible GCSA+ tumor cells. The prototype
      responder strain of mice was C57BL/6, which is of the H-2b type and which has a
      low incidence of spontaneous virus-induced leukemia ("low leukemic"). Present
      experimentation indicates that there is H-2-encoded control of the ability to
      mount an anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL response. In addition to C57BL/6, all other H
      2b strains tested, including C57BL/10, C57L, and 129, were responders. In
      contrast, H-2k strains of both "high leukemic" (AKR) and "low leukemic" (AKR.Fv
      1b and CBA) phenotype appeared to be low- or nonresponders with respect to their
      ability to generate H-2k-restricted anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL after appropriate
      stimulation. Furthermore, B6.H-2k congenic mice were also poorly responsive,
      suggesting that H-2b and H-2k were responder and nonresponder haplotypes,
      respectively. The finding that (responder X nonresponder)F1, i.e., (B6 X CBA)F1
      mice mounted CTL responses to H-2b, but not H-2k, GCSA+ tumors, was consistent
      with this interpretation and suggested the presence of H-2-encoded dominant
      immune response genes. The tumors of AKR background that were efficient in the in
      vivo priming of C57BL/6 mice were relatively inefficient in priming (B6 X CBA)F1
      mice for a subsequent in vitro H-2b-restricted anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL response.
      Because of the similarities in background minor H genes of the AKR and CBA
      strains, this latter observation was in keeping with the requirement for in vivo
      stimulation with tumor cell alloantigens in addition to the virus-associated
      target antigens.

PMID- 6425410
TI  - Genetic control of the induction of cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to AKR/Gross
      viral leukemias. II. Negative control by the Fv-1 locus in AKR mice of responder
      H-2b haplotype.
AB  - To assess whether the presence of a responder H-2b haplotype would be sufficient
      to allow mice of nonresponder "high leukemic" phenotype to generate syngeneic
      anti-AKR/Gross virus cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL), the AKR.H-2b strain was
      examined. Although capable of mounting vigorous apparent anti-minor
      histocompatibility-specific CTL responses, AKR.H-2b mice failed to produce anti
      viral CTL after a variety of stimulation protocols. In contrast, the "doubly
      congenic" AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b strain was able to respond with substantial levels of H
      2-restricted anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL activity. These results indicated that Fv
      1n alleles could exert negative epistatic control over responder H-2b-encoded
      gene(s). Because the B6.Fv-1n congenic was also able to generate anti-viral CTL
      indistinguishable from the prototype B6 strain, however, it was apparent that
      other genes of AKR background were required for the Fv-1n-mediated inhibition in
      AKR.H-2b mice. The mechanism by which Fv-1 intereacted with other genes to
      override positive H-2b control appeared to be related to the expression of the
      CTL-defined, virus-associated antigens by normal AKR.H-2b cells. Thus, AKR.H-2b
      spleen cells but not thymus cells were able to stimulate the production of B6
      anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL and were recognized as target cells by such anti-viral
      CTL. In contrast, both spleen cells and thymocytes from AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice were
      negative when tested as stimulator or target cells in these assays. In addition,
      AKR.H-2b but not AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b spleen cells were shown to display serologically
      defined gp70 determinants and the Gross cell surface antigen. Taking these data
      together, it appeared that the inhibition of anti-viral CTL responsiveness might
      be due to tolerance induced by the cell surface expression of virus-associated
      antigens by normal AKR.H-2b cells. Widespread display of viral antigens, in turn,
      may have been due to the permissive effects of Fv-1n on the spread of the early
      arising N-ecotropic, endogenous AKR leukemia virus controlled by other background
      genes. In this context, the implications of the multi-gene control of anti
      AKR/Gross virus CTL production are discussed with respect to the induction of
      spontaneous leukemia in the high incidence AKR strain.

PMID- 6425411
TI  - Monoclonal antibody defines human cell surface protein p80 on intrathymic T
      cells.

PMID- 6425412
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human immune interferon and their application for
      affinity chromatography.
AB  - Two IgG1/kappa class monoclonal antibodies specific for human immune interferon
      (IFN-gamma), designated B1 and B3, were developed. Specific binding of both
      monoclonal antibodies to natural or Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human
      IFN-gamma was demonstrated in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay or by
      immunoprecipitation. Antibody B3 showed potent neutralizing activity against both
      natural and recombinant IFN-gamma. Antibody B1, which showed neutralizing
      activity only when very high concentrations were employed, was used for preparing
      immunosorbents for affinity chromatography of IFN-gamma. When a highly purified
      preparation of 125I-labeled natural IFN-gamma was loaded onto the affinity
      column, all of the biological activity was retained on the column. The bulk of
      125I-labeled IFN-gamma bound to the affinity column be eluted in biologically
      active form, suggesting that antibody B1 could be used for the purification of
      human IFN-gamma. Analysis of IFN-gamma eluted from the column by
      NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that both of the
      known molecular weight subspecies of IFN-gamma (25,000 and 20,000 MW), as well as
      the presumed dimer of 45,000 MW, were retained by the B1 antibody affinity
      column.

PMID- 6425413
TI  - The separation of immunoglobulin M from human serum by fast protein liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system was evaluated as a method for
      rapid separation of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) from immunoglobulin G (IgG) and
      immunoglobulin A (IgA). The system incorporates the use of a strong anion
      exchanger. Evaluation was carried out in 3 ways. The effect of increasing the
      serum percentage in the 500 microliters volumes loaded on to the column was
      tested. Samples containing up to 60% serum resulted in only small concentrations
      of contaminating IgG and IgA in the IgM fraction. Reproducibility was tested by
      fractionating the same serum sample several times; the coefficient of variation
      (CV) of the IgM concentration in the IgM fraction was 6%. A number of sera which
      varied considerably in immunoglobulin concentration were fractionated without any
      significant adverse effects on the immunoglobulin ratios in the IgM fraction. One
      serum sample containing a high concentration of IgG and IgA was included. In
      contrast to gel filtration chromatography, FPLC can separate IgM from IgG and IgA
      within 6 min. On loading 500 microliters samples containing from 20 to 60% serum,
      less than 0.01 g/l IgG was detected in the IgM fractions when tested by the
      radial immunodiffusion method.

PMID- 6425414
TI  - Immunohistological screening in the selection of monoclonal antibodies: the use
      of isotype-specific antiglobulins.
AB  - This paper describes the use of the immunoperoxidase technique for the screening
      of rat hybridoma culture supernatants on tissue sections. By combining the avidin
      biotin system with mouse monoclonal antibodies specific to different rat
      immunoglobulin isotypes, it is possible to resolve the specificity patterns of
      complex mixtures of monoclonal antibodies from uncloned culture wells. This
      strategy is particularly useful in the derivation of monoclonal antibodies to
      cell surface antigens.

PMID- 6425415
TI  - Typing of subclasses and light chains of human monoclonal immunoglobulins by
      particle counting immunoassay (PACIA).
AB  - The subclasses of monoclonal IgGs and IgAs were identified by particle-counting
      immunoassay. The principle of the test is the inhibition of the agglutinating
      activity of either specific antisera or monoclonal antibodies (for IgA only) on
      latex particles coated with a monoclonal IgG or IgA of known subclass. The
      feasibility of assay of polyclonal Ig subclasses was demonstrated. However, the
      anti-IgG2 antiserum cross-reacted with an allotype (nG4m(b)) of IgG4. The
      possibility of typing monoclonal Igs for light chains by the same technique was
      also demonstrated. Results are obtained in 30 min, and the method requires only
      small amounts of purified immunoglobulins (Igs) and antisera or monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6425416
TI  - The cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine.
AB  - We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different strategies for use of hepatitis
      B vaccine. For populations with high prevalences of immunity and high attack
      rates, screening for prior immunity and vaccinating susceptibles is the lowest
      cost strategy. For populations with low prevalences of immunity but with high
      attack rates, vaccination without screening is most cost-saving. For populations
      with low prevalences of immunity and low attack rates, a non-vaccination policy
      is least costly. Vaccination will be cost-saving for populations with annual
      attack rates of five per cent, if direct medical costs only are considered or,
      for populations with annual attack rates on the order of one per cent, if
      indirect medical costs are included.

PMID- 6425417
TI  - [Apparently primary malignant secreting renal lymphoma (immunocytoma)].
AB  - The authors report a case of renal lymphoma which secreted a monoclonal Ig M
      kappa immunoglobulin (immunocytoma) and which was diagnosed on the basis of its
      secretion. They analyse the problems posed by the indication for surgery, the
      histological nature, the management and the prognosis.

PMID- 6425418
TI  - [Interdependence between hormonal disorders, staging and degree of malignancy of
      prostatic gland cancer. 2].
AB  - The aim of this study was to estimate the relations between oestrogen,
      progesterone, prolactin (PRL) and gonadotrophin levels and the degree of
      advancement as well as that of malignancy of carcinoma of the prostate. Serum LH
      and FSH levels were determined under baseline conditions and after stimulation
      with LH-RH. In patients with metastases and in less differentiated forms of
      carcinoma the level of oestradiol (E2) was significantly higher. The
      testosterone/oestradiol ratio was notably lower in patients without metastases
      and in more differentiated forms. Serum progesterone was significantly higher in
      less differentiated forms of carcinoma. The concentration of LH in response to
      the administration of LH-RH was significantly higher in patients with metastases.
      Measurement of hormone levels at certain stages in the course of carcinoma of the
      prostate may be of practical value in the choice of appropriate hormone
      treatment.

PMID- 6425419
TI  - [1st clinical results of the treatment of locally advanced prostatic cancer with
      a powerful LH-RH analog: buserelin acetate].
AB  - From a series of 39 patients presenting with a locally advanced cancer of the
      prostate (Stage C), 26 were treated with an LH-RH analogue, Buserelin, for a
      period ranging between 7 and 22 months. After an initial period of subcutaneous
      injections, the treatment was administered by intranasal spray (400 mcg three
      times a day). This resulted in levels of testosterone similar to those of
      castrated men. In order to evaluate the effects of buserelin on the primary
      tumour, a degree of cytological regression was established for all of the
      patients, using fine-needle aspiration biopsy which was performed every three
      months. The cytological results correspond with the DNA analyses performed by
      cytophotometry of isolated cells and reveal a statistically significant reduction
      in the degree of anaploidy or polyploidy in the cases in which the prostatic
      cancer had responded favourably to treatment with buserelin. 21 of the 26
      patients treated with this potent LH-RH analogue showed a good therapeutic
      response. 5 patients who did not show any signs of cytological regression were
      secondarily treated with estramustine phosphate because of their resistance to
      hormones. One patient received cyclophosphamide as a tertiary treatment because
      of progression of his symptoms after 15 months. No appreciable side effects were
      observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425420
TI  - Rickettsial diseases of the Far East: new perspectives.
AB  - The rickettsial disease of man found only in Asia is mite-borne (scrub) typhus,
      caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Unique to southern Japan is a little-known
      human mononucleosis-like disease caused by Rickettsia sennetsu. In 1981 and 1982,
      there was a remarkable resurgence in the number of reported cases of mite-borne
      typhus in Japan after some years of virtual absence. Recent studies of R sennetsu
      have resulted in its reclassification to the genus Ehrlichia, members of which
      until now have been exclusively pathogens of animals. The historical background
      of ecologic investigations, in Malaysia and elsewhere, of these two developments
      suggest directions for future research.

PMID- 6425421
TI  - Ability of monomeric peptidoglycan fragments from Neisseria gonorrhoeae to damage
      human fallopian-tube mucosa.
AB  - Purified disaccharide peptide monomers obtained from Neisseria gonorrhoeae by
      enzymatic digestion of gonococcal peptidoglycan damaged the mucosa of human
      fallopian tubes in organ culture. Two peptidoglycan fragments were tested: a
      nonreducing, anhydromuramyl-containing monomer (the principal fragment shed by
      growing gonococci) and the analogous reducing, muramidase-derived monomer. The
      damage produced by either of these peptidoglycan monomers resulted in sloughing
      of ciliated cells from the mucosa and resembled the damage observed in active
      gonococcal infection and that produced by filter-sterilized toxic supernatant
      fluids from gonococcal-infected organ cultures. The minimal toxic dose of
      peptidoglycan monomers was 0.75 micrograms/ml. Neither lipopolysaccharide, sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, nor Triton X-100, possible contaminants from the monomer
      purification procedures, was present in sufficient quantity to account for the
      damage. Both of the gonococcal peptidoglycan monomers may be present in vivo and
      thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infection.

PMID- 6425422
TI  - Class-specific human bactericidal antibodies to capsular and noncapsular surface
      antigens of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Bactericidal and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the
      immunoglobulin classes responsible for group- and type-specific immunity to
      Neisseria meningitidis among healthy, unvaccinated individuals and persons who
      received group-B N meningitidis polysaccharide-serotype-2 protein vaccine.
      Bactericidal antibodies to the group B polysaccharide were primarily IgM; only a
      few individuals had both IgM and IgG antibodies. IgG bactericidal antibodies were
      detected only in those individuals with high IgM-antibody levels to group B
      meningococci. Increased levels of bactericidal antibodies to the group-B
      polysaccharide were infrequently found in vaccinees, possibly because of high
      prevaccination bactericidal-antibody levels. Bactericidal antibodies to the group
      C polysaccharide were IgM, IgG, or both. Vaccine-induced antibodies to
      lipopolysaccharide were not bactericidal for a group-C serotype-2 strain with the
      lipopolysaccharide immunotype of the vaccine strain.

PMID- 6425423
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis-like nuclear particles in nonparenchymal cells of the
      liver.
AB  - Nuclear particles, morphologically similar to those seen in hepatocytes during
      non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, were detected in several types of nonparenchymal
      cells in 10 human liver-biopsy specimens, including cases of hepatitis A and B
      and nonviral hepatic disease. They were also found in nonparenchymal cells of the
      liver in two of four normal chimpanzees and in two of four chimpanzees during
      experimental NANB viral hepatitis. In nonparenchymal cells the particles formed
      loose-to-intermediate aggregates, similar to those first described in hepatocytes
      during NANB hepatitis. Tightly packed aggregates, the predominant pattern in
      hepatocytes, were generally missing. The high prevalence of morphologically
      identical particles in various liver diseases and their presence in healthy
      livers, both in hepatocytes and in nonparenchymal cells not presumed to support
      the growth of hepatitis viruses, speak against their specificity for NANB
      hepatitis viruses. It is proposed that the particles represent a newly recognized
      and widespread cellular feature, of as yet unknown function.

PMID- 6425424
TI  - Effect of glycosidases on the properties of human interferon gamma.
AB  - Heterogeneity of human gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induced by the combined
      treatment with OK-432 and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was demonstrated by
      chromatofocusing. Treatment of IFN-gamma with a mixture of neuraminidase, and
      beta-galactosidase eliminated the charge heterogeneity. Apparent molecular weight
      of IFN-gamma was decreased by enzyme treatment. These results suggest that the
      heterogeneity of IFN-gamma induced in our system was the result of the difference
      in the content of sialic acids.

PMID- 6425425
TI  - Studies on purification of human gamma interferon: chromatographic behavior of
      accompanying IL2 and B-cell helper activity.
AB  - Gamma interferon (gamma IFN) was produced in human lymphocyte cultures stimulated
      by PHA. Titers were in the range of 10,000-30,000 U/ml. Crude gamma IFN was
      adsorbed on silicic acid, from which the antiviral activity was eluted by a
      buffer containing a high salt concentration and ethylene glycol. This treatment
      allowed quantitative recovery of gamma IFN with a specific activity of 5 X 10(5)
      1 X 10(6) U/mg of proteins. IL2 and B-cell helper activities were adsorbed and
      eluted from silicic acid together with the antiviral activity. This finding might
      be of practical interest for the purification of these lymphokines, particularly
      IL2. Gamma interferon was further purified on Blue Sepharose to a specific
      activity of 2 X 10(7) U/mg. The resulting preparations still contained IL2 and B
      cell helper activities. However, taking advantage of the differences in apparent
      hydrophobicity and in isoelectric point, we were able to dissociate antiviral
      activity from lymphokines. Such dissociation should facilitate the study of the
      biological properties of human natural gamma IFN.

PMID- 6425426
TI  - Mouse gamma interferon produced by a cloned T-cell lymphoma. I. Purification and
      physicochemical characterization.
AB  - Mouse gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was produced from a cloned T-cell lymphoma,
      L12-R4, stimulated with phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) at a concentration of 2 X
      10(-7) M/ml. Absorption of crude IFN-gamma on silicic acid resulted in a 100-fold
      concentration and 10-fold purification. After application of this IFN-gamma to a
      Sephacryl S-200 column, 100% of the IFN activity was recovered in fractions
      containing molecular weights of 40 kD. When this material was applied to a Con A
      Sepharose column, IFN activity was completely eluted with a linear gradient of
      alpha-methyl-mannoside. The specific activity of the recovered IFN-gamma was
      about 3.6 X 10(6) mg/ml of protein with 11,390-fold purification. Further
      investigations with Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and Chromatofocusing revealed that L12
      R4 IFN-gamma is highly hydrophobic and has a pI around 5.4. Thus, by different
      types of chromatography procedures, L12-R4 IFN-gamma was found to be highly
      homogeneous with physicochemical properties similar to those produced by normal T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6425427
TI  - [Surveys on two successive epidemics of streptococcus infection among children in
      O town, Toyama Prefecture, with special reference to follow-up examinations].

PMID- 6425428
TI  - [An epidemiological study on group A streptococci in two towns with high and low
      incidence rates of scarlet fever].

PMID- 6425429
TI  - [An epidemiological survey of group A, B, C and G hemolytic streptococci isolated
      from elementary school-children. Part 1. Detection rate of streptococci].

PMID- 6425430
TI  - [An epidemiological survey of group A, B, C and G hemolytic streptococci isolated
      from elementary school children. Part II. Susceptibility to antibiotics].

PMID- 6425431
TI  - [Determination of agglutinin titer to group A streptococcal cells in sera of
      healthy school children: comparison of trypsin- and pepsin-digested bacterial
      cells with ASP reagent].

PMID- 6425432
TI  - [Study of serum AHD and ANAD titers in healthy children and patients with
      streptococcal infectious disease].

PMID- 6425433
TI  - [Evaluation of 10 day administration method for therapy of scarlet fever].

PMID- 6425434
TI  - [Surgical management of pericardial diverticulum and pericardial cysts. A case
      report and statistical review].

PMID- 6425435
TI  - [The effect of prolactin on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis in
      puerperium].
AB  - Serum prolactin (PRL) levels in puerperium were examined in order to determine
      the effect of prolactin on the recovery of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Ovarian
      Axis. It required thirteen weeks for the lactating group, four weeks for the non
      lactating group and two days for the group receiving bromocriptine for serum PRL
      to be restored to pre-pregnancy levels. There was no significant difference
      between the lactating and non-lactating groups in FSH and LH levels. E2 tended to
      show higher levels in the non-lactating group until the fifteenth postpartum
      week. In the group receiving bromocriptine, the LH and FSH levels were
      significantly higher during the second postpartum week as compared with the
      lactating group. The LH-RH test was positive for the bromocriptine group. The
      mean periods between delivery and reappearance of the first ovulation were 143
      days in the lactating group, 82 days in the non-lactating group and 55 days in
      the bromocriptine therapy group. Patients in whom PRL returned quickly to the
      normal level also showed early resumption of ovulation. From these results it can
      be postulated that elevated basal PRL levels in the puerperium inhibit the
      Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis, producing a delay in the resumption of ovulation.
      Elevated basal PRL levels also had an inhibitory effect on ovarian response to
      gonadotropin.

PMID- 6425436
TI  - [Studies on steroidogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome--endocrinological
      analysis of follicular fluid and progesterone biosynthesis of cultured granulosa
      cells].
AB  - In order to determine the difference between steroidogenesis in normal and
      polycystic ovaries (PCO), endocrinological analysis of follicular fluid and
      monolayer cell culture of human granulosa cells were carried out, and human LH
      and dibutyryl cyclic AMP were added to the cultures. The concentrations of LH and
      androstenedione in the follicular fluid from PCO ovaries were significantly
      higher than those found in normal ovaries in the early and mid-follicular phases.
      The cultured granulosa cells from the mid-follicular phase of normal women
      responded significantly to LH, showing an 8 to 10 fold increase in progesterone
      production. In contrast, exogenous LH caused only a slight stimulation (2 to 4
      fold increase) in progesterone production by granulosa cells from PCO follicles.
      The cultured granulosa cells from normal women and PCO ovaries responded
      significantly to dibutyryl cyclic AMP, showing an 8 to 10 fold increase in
      progesterone production. These results strongly suggest that there is no
      alteration in the steroidogenic pathway after the cyclic AMP stage and that the
      persistent elevation of LH in serum and follicular fluid may lead to a
      disturbance of progesterone production in response to exogenous LH in the
      cultured granulosa cells from PCO ovaries.

PMID- 6425437
TI  - Significance of positive direct anti-globulin test for cord blood--in
      administration of anti-d immunoglobulin for postpartum immunoprophylaxis.
AB  - The aim of this paper is to reconsider the significance of a positive direct
      antiglobulin test for cord blood, especially in the case of administration of
      anti-D immunoglobulin for postpartum immunoprophylaxis. In 421 samples of cord
      blood, 14(3.3%) positive results were obtained in a direct antiglobulin test.
      From these cord blood cells, antibodies were eluted and identified as follows:
      anti-A, 6; anti-B, 6; anti-E+ c, 1 and anti-Jra, 1. Thus, not all cases giving
      positive results in a direct antiglobulin test in cord blood at delivery have
      anti-D antibodies. And the elution test should be done in order to specifically
      identify the coated antibody as anti-D or non-anti-D.

PMID- 6425438
TI  - [The US-Japan Seminar 1982. "High LET particle irradiation and other approaches
      to increasing effectiveness of radiation therapy for cancer"--an overview].

PMID- 6425439
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of O2/CO2.

PMID- 6425440
TI  - Some complications of the therapy of classic hemophilia.

PMID- 6425441
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of lysine and of a single dose of aminoglycoside in rats given
      lysine.
AB  - Hyperalimentation solutions have been shown to increase aminoglycoside
      nephrotoxicity in rats and rabbits. Lysine is a major constituent of
      hyperalimentation solutions and is known to inhibit tubular reabsorption of
      protein. To test the effects of lysine on renal function and structure and on
      aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, three groups of rats were prepared. Groups 1 and 2
      were infused with lysine (55 mumol/kg/min, 1.9 gm/kg total) for 4 hours. In group
      2, gentamicin (60 mg/kg) was also infused during the third hour. In group 3,
      dextrose was given instead of lysine, and gentamicin was given as in group 2. In
      group 1 (lysine-saline solution), there was a decrease in glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR) and an increase in 125I-albumin clearance factored by GFR. In group 2
      (lysine-gentamicin), the same effects were seen, but the reduction in GFR was
      significantly greater. Group 3 (dextrose-gentamicin) showed no change in GFR over
      the 4-hour period, but did show an increase in 125I-albumin clearance factored by
      GFR. Fractional excretion of sodium rose in group 2 but not in groups 1 and 3. A
      gradual mild (20%) and nonsignificant fall in renal blood flow followed the
      combined administration of lysine and gentamicin. In separate 20-hour studies,
      lysine (1.9 gm/kg intraperitoneally) or gentamicin or tobramycin (60 mg/kg
      subcutaneously) produced mild renal failure, but the combination of lysine and an
      aminoglycoside produced substantially greater renal failure. Serum creatinine in
      experimental groups was significantly correlated with medullary cast formation
      and tubular necrosis (p less than 0.001). Giant lysosomes with crystalloid
      inclusions in proximal tubular cells, individual cell necrosis in the pars recta,
      and casts in the thin limb of the loop of Henle were seen in rats given lysine.
      We conclude that lysine alone and single large doses of aminoglycosides alone are
      nephrotoxic, and when the two are combined, toxicity is additive. The
      nephrotoxicity of lysine may be related to direct tubular toxicity and to tubular
      obstruction.

PMID- 6425442
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on active and inactive renin in sodium-replete men at rest
      and during exercise.
AB  - The effect of fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibition by indomethacin on active
      renin and on acid-activable inactive renin was studied in nine healthy men with
      sodium repletion, at rest and during exercise. These volunteers were tested after
      treatment with placebo or indomethacin (150 mg daily for 3 days). During
      administration of indomethacin, total, active, and inactive renin levels were
      reduced at rest and during exercise. However, the exercise-induced stimulation of
      active and total renin still occurred during indomethacin administration.
      Indomethacin reduced (p less than 0.001), during rest sitting and at maximal
      exercise, the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2,
      prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha. Urinary
      excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha was also reduced.

PMID- 6425443
TI  - Functional resistance of inflammatory macrophages to methotrexate in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high and low therapeutic
      doses of methotrexate (MTX) on macrophage metabolism and function in vitro.
      Monolayers of elicited rat peritoneal macrophages (PM) were exposed to a wide
      range of MTX concentrations (10(-8) M-10(-3) M) for 24 or 48 hr and macrophage
      RNA and protein metabolism were evaluated by the incorporation of [3H]5-uridine
      and [14C]1-leucine, respectively, into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable
      material. Macrophage functional activity was examined by measuring the uptake of
      [14C]Pseudomonas aeruginosa to assess phagocytosis and the release of 51Cr from
      antibody-coated [51Cr]sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to assess antibody-dependent
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Following a 24-hr incubation with 10(-3) M MTX,
      incorporation of [3H]5-uridine into PM monolayers was enhanced 79% when compared
      to control monolayers (p less than 0.005). Washout studies revealed that the
      stimulation of uridine incorporation was no longer observed by 24 hr following
      the removal of MTX from the culture medium. Incubation with 10(-3) M MTX for 48
      hr returned uridine incorporation to control levels, although leucine
      incorporation into protein was reduced by 22% (p less than 0.01). The depression
      in leucine incorporation in the presence of 10(-3) M MTX was not reversed after
      the removal of MTX from the culture medium. Uptake of [14C]P. aeruginosa was not
      altered following a 24- or 48-hr incubation with either 10(-7) M or 10(-3) M MTX.
      Similarly, [51Cr]SRBC cytolysis was not affected by a 2-hr preincubation with and
      continuous exposure to between 10(-8) M and 10(-3) M MTX. These results
      demonstrate that incubation of inflammatory macrophages with clinically high
      doses of MTX can alter macrophage RNA and protein metabolism without producing
      demonstrable changes in macrophage functional activity.

PMID- 6425444
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of the head and neck: clinical presentation and treatment.
AB  - The clinical features of neurofibromatosis of the head and neck in 28 Nigerians
      are presented. The disease produced varying degrees of cosmetic and functional
      deformity. Total excision of the lesions, where feasible, with skin grafting,
      when indicated, gave satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Incomplete
      excision was unsatisfactory for all eyelid and other more extensive lesions.
      Intraoperative bleeding was prominent and postoperative follow-up poor.

PMID- 6425445
TI  - Serum triiodothyronine by radioimmunoassay in normal Thai subjects and in various
      thyroid disorders.

PMID- 6425446
TI  - Ovariectomy does not abolish proceptive behaviour cyclicity in the common
      marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - Unlike in other non-human primates, ovariectomy of the female marmoset did not
      alter heterosexual interactions. Proceptive behaviour bouts retained the same
      cyclicity, duration and frequency within tests as during the ovarian cycle.
      Significant rises in plasma levels of cortisol, progesterone, oestrone and
      testosterone were found during these proceptive behaviour bouts and in cortisol,
      progesterone and oestrone at their onset. Results suggest a role for
      adrenocortical steroids in both maintaining female sexuality and regulating its
      cyclicity during ovarian cycles in this primate.

PMID- 6425447
TI  - Effect of immunoneutralization of LH releasing hormone on LH, FSH and ovarian
      steroid secretion in the preovulatory phase of the oestrous cycle in the ewe.
AB  - Immunoneutralization of LH releasing hormone (LHRH) by the i.v. administration of
      LHRH antiserum in the preovulatory period in the ewe resulted in a prompt
      abolition of the pulsatile secretion of LH without alteration of basal plasma
      levels of LH. This resulted in an immediate cessation of the pulsatile secretion
      of ovarian oestradiol, with no change in the secretion rate of androstenedione or
      plasma levels of FSH. The ovarian secretion rate of testosterone increased
      significantly. Twenty to 22h after the injection of LHRH antiserum, pulsatile
      secretion of LH and ovarian oestradiol and androgen secretion remained suppressed
      while plasma levels of FSH had increased significantly. The bolus injection of
      ovine LH (10 micrograms, i.v.) at this time caused a significant increase in
      oestradiol, androstenedione and testosterone, these responses being inversely
      related to the titre of LHRH antiserum in the plasma at this time. These results
      show that (1) the secretion of oestradiol from the preovulatory sheep follicle is
      entirely dependent on the pulsatile secretion of LH and (2) since the secretion
      of ovarian androgens was not inhibited, LH may exert a short-term control over
      the aromatase enzyme system controlling the conversion of androgen to oestrogen
      in the granulosa cell of the preovulatory sheep follicle.

PMID- 6425448
TI  - The complexity of HLA-DS molecules. A homozygous cell line expresses multiple HLA
      DS alpha chains.
AB  - Ia molecules expressed by an HLA-DRw6 homozygous cell line were
      immunoprecipitated with anti-Ia allosera and monoclonal antibodies and analyzed
      by 2-D gel electrophoresis. The DRw6 homozygous cell line was shown to express
      two DS beta chains; this observation extends our previous finding that a DR5
      homozygous cell line expresses two DS beta chains and suggests that the
      expression of at least two DS beta chains by DR homozygous cell lines is a
      generalized phenomenon. The data presented here document for the first time that
      a DR homozygous cell line expresses at least two DS alpha chains. Therefore, this
      cell line expresses at least two DS molecules with the potential for the
      expression of four DS molecules. In agreement with previous reports, the cell
      line was shown to express two DR beta chains and one DR alpha chain that combine
      to form two DR molecules. The molecular specificities of two MB1 allosera and two
      MB1 -like monoclonal antibodies were also compared in these studies. Both MB1
      allosera isolated a single DS molecule, while the MB1 -like monoclonal antibodies
      isolated at least two DS molecules. Therefore, these studies document for the
      first time that anti-Ia reagents which are specific for the MB1 or MB1 -like
      determinants in population studies do not recognize the same Ia molecules in
      immunochemical studies. The data presented here for the expression of at least
      two DS alpha chains and the location of the MB1 allodeterminant on only one of
      multiple DS molecules are in agreement with recent studies at the gene level.

PMID- 6425449
TI  - Murine gamma interferon activates the release of a macrophage-derived Ia-inducing
      factor that transfers Ia inductive capacity.
AB  - In this report we demonstrate that when the murine macrophage tumor cell line P-
      388D1 is incubated for 48-72 h with either concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen
      cell supernatant or cloned murine immune interferon (IFN-gamma), the cultured
      cells release a cell-free factor activity that in turn induces the cell surface
      expression of Ia antigen on the murine monocyte cell line WEHI-3. This IFN-gamma
      stimulated, Ia-inducing activity cannot be blocked with an anti-IFN-gamma
      heteroantiserum that does block the induction of Ia expression on WEHI-3 by both
      cloned murine IFN-gamma and rat Con A supernatant. The Ia-inducing factor ( IaIF
      ) generated from P- 388D1 after stimulation by IFN-gamma does not demonstrate any
      antiviral activity. The P- 388D1 -derived IaIF is not shed plasma membrane Ia
      glycoprotein molecules, as demonstrated by the inability of the active component
      to bind specifically to an anti-I-Ad affinity column or to a protein A column
      after the active supernatant is first treated with an excess of anti-I-E/Cd,k
      monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 6425451
TI  - The distribution of zinc in human erythrocytes.
AB  - Gel permeation chromatography was used to fractionate zinc-bound constituents in
      haemolysates of human blood samples. The zinc content of the fractions was
      determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The zinc-containing
      enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, was identified by isoelectric focusing. A fraction of
      more than 0.9 of the zinc eluted from the column was bound to the carbonic
      anhydrase fraction. The fraction of zinc associated with unbound carbonic
      anhydrase was 0.786 of the total, and the remainder was found in a carbonic
      anhydrase-CO-haemoglobin complex.

PMID- 6425450
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to murine gamma interferon inhibits lymphokine-induced
      antiviral and macrophage tumoricidal activities.
AB  - Fusion of rat immune spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells resulted in the
      formation of a stable hybridoma that secretes monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed
      against murine gamma interferon ( MuIFN -gamma). This MAb specifically
      neutralized the antiviral activity of a variety of MuIFN -gamma preparations,
      including a sample produced by recombinant DNA technologies. In contrast, the
      antiviral activities of a mixture of MuIFN -alpha plus MuIFN -beta, as well as
      those of rat or human IFN-gamma, were not neutralized by this antibody. The
      ability of the MAb to inhibit lymphokine-induced macrophage activation was also
      tested. It was found that in relation to the quantity of antibody needed to
      completely neutralize antiviral activity, much higher concentrations of MAb were
      required to abolish the capacity of lymphokine preparations to induce macrophage
      tumoricidal activity in vitro. The MAb was also coupled to cyanogen bromide
      activated Sepharose beads and used as an immunoadsorbent. By reacting lymphokines
      with MAb coupled to an insoluble matrix, it was possible to show that this
      immobilized antibody completely and specifically removed from the lymphokine
      preparations the ability both to invoke macrophage tumoricidal activity and to
      mediate antiviral activity.

PMID- 6425452
TI  - [Study of the therapeutic action of Vasobral in ORL pathology].

PMID- 6425453
TI  - [Cancer in pharyngo-esophageal diverticulosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 6425454
TI  - Depression and anxiety in complex partial seizures.
AB  - In order to evaluate the effect of lateralization of epileptogenic lesions on
      mood changes (depression-mania) and anxiety (state and trait), twenty patients
      with complex partial seizures and nineteen controls were assessed with depression
      scales (Beck, Columbia M-D) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Nine
      patients had left temporal foci, eight had right foci, as assessed by the side of
      seizure onset during closed-circuit television-EEG telemetry recording. Left
      patients scored significantly higher than both right and control groups on
      depression and trait anxiety. Our results are consistent with those of previous
      reports on patients with localized epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic lesions.
      Patients with left side involvement seem more prone to experience dysphoric
      changes and depressive symptoms than those with right involvement.

PMID- 6425455
TI  - L-deprenyl plus L-phenylalanine in the treatment of depression.
AB  - The antidepressive efficacy of 1-deprenyl (5-10 mg daily) plus 1-phenylalanine
      (250 mg/day) has been evaluated in 155 unipolar depressed patients. Both oral and
      intravenous administration showed beneficial effects in 90% of outpatients and
      80.5% of inpatients. It is concluded that this combined treatment has a potent
      antidepressive action based on the accumulation of 1-phenylethylamine in the
      brain.

PMID- 6425456
TI  - Trace metal requirements in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 5. Formation
      constants for the copper(II)--histidine ternary complexes with threonine, lysine,
      glycine, phenylalanine, valine, and cystine, and discussion of their implications
      regarding the copper distribution in blood plasma during TPN and the evaluation
      of the daily dose of copper.
AB  - Specific metal deficiencies have been reported to affect patients receiving total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN). Our previous studies on the topic were devoted to the
      computer-based interpretation of the extra urinary excretion of zinc; a
      theoretical approach was also proposed, with a view to compensating for the extra
      losses of this metal. Similarly, the present work deals with the problem of TPN
      induced copper deficiency and its remedy. As is the case for zinc, the TPN
      induced excretion of copper clearly stems from the relative mobilization of the
      plasma protein-bound pool of this metal into its diffusable low-molecular-weight
      fraction; this phenomenon being due to the competitive complexation of copper by
      the amino acids of the nutritive solution. The computer simulation of this effect
      thus required that first the equilibrium constants be experimentally determined
      for the main complexes of copper that might form in the solution as well as in
      plasma during the infusion. Accordingly, complex formation in the copper
      histidine ternary systems with threonine, lysine, glycine, phenylalanine, valine,
      and cystine was investigated by potentiometry at 37 degrees C in NaCIO4 0.15 mol
      X dm-3. The implications of the results obtained are discussed with regard to the
      interpretation of the copper excretion and the estimation of the desirable daily
      dose of this metal for the TPN mixture under consideration.

PMID- 6425457
TI  - Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of bovine carbonic anhydrase substituted with
      various divalent metals.
AB  - The ultraviolet (uv) difference spectra of M(II)-apocarbonic anhydrase at pH 5-9
      are reported. For Zn(II) at all pH's and Co(II) at pH greater than or equal to
      7.65 identical protein difference spectra are seen and a positive 300 nm feature
      is interpreted as consistent with interaction of a metal-bound hydroxyl with a
      Trp chromophore near the active site. Hg(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) do not provoke a
      positive 300 nm band even at alkaline pH (although a Cd(II) spectral band at 300
      nm becomes less negative, i.e., more like the holoenzyme with increasing pH) and
      the 280-292 nm spectral region is generally different from that of Zn(II) and
      high pH Co(II). A specific orientation of M-OH and, hence, an ordered solvent
      structure in the enzyme site is implied for enzyme activation. Ni(II) appears to
      bind to the vacated zinc site slowly, at low pH, in a manner similar to zinc. At
      higher pH's Ni(II) may be displaced toward a Tyr residue in the active site of
      apocarbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6425458
TI  - Computer simulation of metal ion equilibria in biofluids. IV. Plutonium
      speciation in human blood plasma and chelation therapy using
      polyaminopolycarboxylic acids.
AB  - An investigation by computer simulation into the nature of Pu(IV) binding to low
      molecular ligands in human blood plasma is described. Particular consideration is
      given to the interactions of various chelating agents which have been or might be
      used for treating plutonium intoxication. Formation constants of EDTA and DTPA
      with Cu(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been measured under biologic
      conditions of temperature and background electrolyte. The relative ability of
      these and other chelating agents to cause excretion of plutonium and the
      concomitant loss of certain essential trace metals has thus been assessed.

PMID- 6425459
TI  - Interaction of gold(I) with the active site of selenium-glutathione peroxidase.
AB  - Gold(I) thioglucose in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH) leads to strong
      and reversible inhibition of selenium-glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) around
      neutral pH. Binding at equilibrium and competition studies demonstrated that the
      most reduced form of the active site selenocysteine is the only binding site for
      gold(I). Steady-state kinetics that gold(I) forms a dead-end complex with
      glutathione peroxidase in competition with the reduction of hydroperoxide. The
      apparent Ki is 2.3 microM at pH 7.6, 37 degrees C and 1 mM GSH. Theoretical
      models of inhibition were assessed by the use of linear least-squares fitting to
      a generalized integrated rate equation. The results are consistent with trapping
      of gold(I) at the active site in the form of a mixed bidentate selenolato 
      thiolate complex involving GSH and the active site selenocysteine. The kinetics
      of inhibition imply that the resting form of glutathione peroxidase in the
      presence of excess GSH is also within the enzyme cycle. This rules out the
      existence of selenium(+IV) species in the redox cycle of the active site when t-
      butylhydroperoxide is used as a substrate. Electronic properties of selenium and
      gold as well as a large relief of inhibition by selenocysteine suggest that a
      very stable interaction should be obtained between Se(-II) and gold(I) through
      covalent bonding. These results suggest that glutathione peroxidase could be a
      target of gold drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6425460
TI  - Richards-Rundle syndrome, cochleovestibular dysfunction and neurofibromatosis in
      a family.
AB  - The Richards-Rundle syndrome (RRS) is characterized by hearing loss, mental
      deterioration, ataxia, primary hypogonadism and autosomal recessive transmission.
      In a sibship of six members we found two sisters with RRS together with baldness,
      impaired GH and PRL secretion after stimulation and different degrees of impaired
      insulin secretion. Cochleovestibular investigation of the sibship revealed in
      each subject more or less severe forms of bulbo-pontine cochleovestibular
      dysfunction. Three members of the same sibship had cutaneous signs of abortive
      forms of neurofibromatosis: the son of one of these subjects had a severe form of
      fully developed neurofibromatosis. Whether there is a pathogenetic linkage
      between the hereditary multisystemic degeneration (RRS), the dysembryopathy
      (neurofibromatosis) and the cochleovestibular dysfunction in this family is still
      not clear.

PMID- 6425461
TI  - Catecholamine-secreting malignant schwannoma in a patient with multiple
      intracranial aneurysms. Case report.
AB  - A case is reported of malignant schwannomatosis (malignant transformation of von
      Recklinghausen's disease) with catecholamine production in a patient with
      multiple intracranial aneurysms. The patient had a history of episodic
      hypertension and elevated levels of catecholamines in the serum and 24-hour
      urinary excretion. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse central nervous system
      (CNS) dissemination of the tumor from the thoracolumbar spinal malignant
      schwannoma. A high concentration of catecholamines was demonstrated in the tumor
      tissue, and histochemical and electron microscopy studies suggested the presence
      of catecholamines in the cytoplasm of some of the tumor cells. This patient's
      clinical and radiological features, including severe headache, vomiting, stiff
      neck, ptosis of the eye ipsilateral to the internal carotid-posterior
      communicating artery aneurysms, and local arterial narrowing, mimicked those of
      subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. However, the clinical picture
      was caused by diffuse CNS dissemination of the tumor, another primary malignant
      schwannoma of the oculomotor nerve, and intimal fibrous thickening of the
      arterial wall.

PMID- 6425462
TI  - Use of cryoprecipitate coagulum to control tumor-bed bleeding. Case report.
AB  - The case is presented of a 44-year-old woman who underwent reoperation under
      cardiac standstill for a recurrent left sphenoid wing meningeal
      hemangiopericytoma. Because of persistent accumulations of clot with clinical
      deterioration and shift on computerized tomography scanning, the patient was
      returned to the operating suite twice. At the second reoperation, hemostasis was
      finally achieved through the instillation of admixed cryoprecipitate, calcium,
      and activated thrombin.

PMID- 6425463
TI  - Cerebral circulation and metabolism.
AB  - Recent developments in the field of cerebral circulation and metabolism are
      reviewed, with emphasis on circulatory and metabolic events that have a bearing
      on brain damage incurred in ischemia. The first part of the treatise reviews
      aspects of cerebral metabolism that provide a link to the coupling of metabolism
      and blood flow, notably those that lead to a perturbation of cellular energy
      state, ionic homeostasis, and phospholipid metabolism. In the second part,
      attention is focused on the derangement of energy metabolism and its effects on
      ion fluxes, acid-base homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. It is emphasized that
      gross brain damage, involving edema formation and infarction, is enhanced by
      tissue acidosis, and that neuronal damage, often showing a pronounced selectivity
      in localization, appears related to a disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, and to Ca2+
      triggered events such as lipolysis and proteolysis.

PMID- 6425464
TI  - Discrimination power of the combined measurements of free thyroxine and free
      triiodothyronine concentration in the evaluation of thyroid function.

PMID- 6425465
TI  - Retention of 75Se-homotaurocholic acid measured by a low-background whole-body
      counter.

PMID- 6425466
TI  - DRGs, variable pricing, and budgeting for nursing services.
AB  - This article focuses on the cost impact of patient acuity on DRGs. The
      traditional method of routine charges for nursing services is compared with the
      development of a variable charge structure based on patient classification.
      Examples of each method are given. The authors also analyze a charge structure
      based upon patient care requirements and apply the budgeting process to the cost
      determination of nursing services.

PMID- 6425467
TI  - Nursing care requirements as measured by DRG.
AB  - Unless nurses describe and quantify their contribution to patient care, their
      financial solvency is seriously threatened under DRG reimbursement. Results of a
      study that quantified the nursing care of two DRGs using a patient classification
      system are presented. A description of how one nursing department plans to use
      this system on a hospital-wide scale is discussed. This information gives nurse
      administrators an objective means for appropriation of funds, projection of
      staffing needs, and ultimately, a means of earning revenue.

PMID- 6425468
TI  - Living with DRGs.
AB  - Efforts to curb Medicare and health care costs have resulted in new systems of
      third-party reimbursements to hospitals. The authors examine how implementation
      of a new system in New Jersey is affecting nurses and nursing care in that state.

PMID- 6425469
TI  - The effect of L-carnitine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition on tissue amino
      acid concentrations in piglets.
AB  - Miniature piglets underwent total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with and without L
      carnitine supplementation during a 7-day period. Thereafter the tissue amino acid
      concentrations of liver, heart, skeletal muscle and brain were determined and
      compared to those of orally fed animals. The altered tissue amino acid
      concentrations during TPN without carnitine returned to normal when L-carnitine
      was supplemented. The most striking changes of tissue concentrations showed
      taurine in liver, muscle and brain and ethanolamine in heart and brain. In muscle
      the branched-chain amino acids were increased when L-carnitine was added to the
      TPN regime. Ethanolamine changes were discussed with respect to the position of
      this amino acid in the synthesis of phospholipids. The marked decrease of brain
      taurine concentrations after carnitine-free TPN was accompanied by reduced values
      for GABA. Both the substances function as inhibitory transmitters in the brain
      and should be considered when seizure activity in patients with systemic
      carnitine deficiency is discussed.

PMID- 6425470
TI  - Ergotism as a cause of acute vasospastic disease with features mimicking severe
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6425471
TI  - Submandibular and axillary schwannomas not associated with von Recklinghausen's
      disease.

PMID- 6425472
TI  - In situ characterization of cell infiltrates in human dental periapical
      granulomas. 3. Demonstration of T lymphocytes.
AB  - Cryostat sections of 66 snap-frozen dental periapical granulomas were examined
      for T lymphocytes by the closed chamber hemadsorption technique using sheep
      erythrocytes (E) treated with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide
      (AET) as indicator cells (AET-E). T lymphocytes were also demonstrated by
      immunofluorescent staining using a rabbit anti-T lymphocyte antiserum. Eighty-six
      % of the granulomas showed adherence of AET-E, and often a focal AET-E adherence
      pattern was seen, indicating a localized infiltration of T lymphocytes. Diffuse,
      moderate binding of AET-E to sections of some granulomas may be due to
      recirculating T lymphocytes traversing the tissue. The results of the
      immunofluorescence test parallelled the results obtained in the hemadsorption
      test. The results show that mononuclear cell infiltrates of periapical dental
      granulomas usually contain T lymphocytes. Although their pathogenetic function in
      dental periapical granulomas is still not known, infiltrates of T lymphocytes
      indicate that cellular immune reactions are involved.

PMID- 6425473
TI  - Effects of the anti-inflammatory agents indomethacin, metiamide and
      acetylsalicylic acid on the induction of hyperplasia in hamster cheek-pouch
      epithelium and ear epidermis.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that agents such as indomethacin and hydrocortisone
      act to reduce the level of epidermal hyperplasia produced by various chemical,
      but little information is available about the effects of such anti-inflammatory
      agents on the induction of hyperplasia in oral mucosa. Hamster cheek-pouch
      epithelium and ear epidermis were treated with indomethacin, metiamide and
      acetylsalicylic acid prior to treatment with turpentine, podophyllin or TPA. The
      levels of hyperplasia induced were monitored by rates of epithelial glycolysis,
      protein synthesis and mitosis. The response of the metabolic assays to
      epinephrine was also examined. Alone, turpentine, podophyllin and TPA each caused
      a 3-5 fold increase in the metabolic assays and loss of the normal tissue
      response to epinephrine. Tissues pretreated with indomethacin showed significant
      reductions in the levels of hyperplasia produced and they retained a normal
      response to epinephrine. No reduction in hyperplasia was observed following
      pretreatment with acetylsalicylic acid, an alternative inhibitor or prostaglandin
      synthesis or with metiamide, a histamine blocker. The results indicate that the
      production of epithelial hyperplasia by turpentine, podophyllin and TPA can be
      inhibited by indomethacin.

PMID- 6425474
TI  - Dysplastic enamel in odontoma: a light microscopic, microradiographic and SEM
      study.
AB  - Dysplastic enamel and calcifications at the enamel surface in 7 odontomas were
      studied, using correlated light microscopy of decalcified and undecalcified
      material, microradiography and SEM. Much of the dentin in the odontomas was not
      covered with enamel. When present, the enamel was immature and assumed a
      prismatic structure. The prisms were irregular distributed and associated with
      spherical calcifications. The calcifications adhering to the enamel surface or
      separated from it presented variations in size, morphology, staining reactions
      and radiodensity. The correlated techniques of light microscopy, microradiography
      and SEM indicated that all the calcifications adhering to the enamel surface and
      part of those separated from it may be related to a pathological process of
      amelogenesis. Most of the calcifications separated from enamel and often formed
      around nidi of ghost cells, are the result of a dystrophic mineralizing process,
      definitely distinct from amelogenesis.

PMID- 6425475
TI  - Dento-alveolar abnormalities in oculomandibulodyscephaly (Hallermann-Streiff
      syndrome).
AB  - Oculomandibulodyscephaly (OMD) is characterized by anomalies of skull, mandible,
      skin and eyes and also by a proportionate nanism. Dental abnormalities are often
      observed but poorly defined. Examination of a 2-month-old infant that suffered
      from OMD, having died from an unrelated cause revealed premature eruption of
      several deciduous teeth, crowding of unerupted deciduous teeth and agenesis of
      all permanent teeth excepting the first permanent molars.

PMID- 6425476
TI  - Ultrastructural findings in the oral mucosa of betel chewers.
AB  - Eighteen biopsies of the oral mucosa of northern Thai hilltribe betel chewers
      were studied histologically and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy
      (TEM, SEM). Clinically, varying stages of epithelial atrophy and one case of
      submucous fibrosis were observed. Histologically, epithelial atrophy with marked
      reduction of the rete pegs, hyperortho- and/or parakeratosis, and subepithelial
      edema and inflammatory changes were the prominent findings. On the
      ultrastructural level, cytoplasmic projections of the basal cells into the
      subepithelial stroma were seen. The basal membrane frequently revealed gaps; the
      interepithelial space was widened and unusual microvilli were observed on cell
      surfaces (SEM). Intercellularly, cristalloid material of unknown origin was also
      seen. The subepithelial connective tissue was characterized by dense bundles of
      collagen fibres adjacent to which masses of amorphous material were located.
      While some of the ultrastructural findings in the epithelium of betel chewers are
      indicative of early dysplastic changes, the nature of the juxta-epithelial
      stromal alterations is still unknown. Current hypotheses regarding the etiology
      of oral submucous fibrosis are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6425477
TI  - Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: an ultrastructural study of the mesenchymal component.
AB  - The mesenchymal components of tumors from 2 patients with ameloblastic
      fibrosarcoma were studied ultrastructurally. The mesenchymal components consisted
      predominantly of fibroblastic cells with a few histiocytic or fibrohistiocytic
      cells and myofibroblastic cells. In addition, a very small number of
      undifferentiated mesenchymal cells were found. We speculate that the mesenchymal
      components in this tumor may be derived from the undifferentiated mesenchymal
      cells.

PMID- 6425478
TI  - Immunohistochemical distribution of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and lysozyme in
      human minor salivary glands.
AB  - The immunofluorescence technique was used to examine the distribution of
      immunoglobulin A and its subclasses, secretory component (SC), J chain,
      lactoferrin and lysozyme in labial and lingual (von Ebner's) glands. IgA
      containing plasma cells were found in the connective tissue around intercalated
      or intralobular ducts and a few were noted around acini of both glands. IgA was
      detected in the apical cytoplasm of intercalated and intralobular duct cells and
      in acini of von Ebner's glands and in demilunes of labial glands. Most IgA
      containing cells also stained for J chain. The ratio of IgA1:IgA2-containing
      cells was approximately equal in von Ebner's and labial glands. Cytoplasmic and
      surface membrane-related staining for SC was detected in epithelial cells of the
      intercalated and intralobular ducts in both glands, in the serous acini of von
      Ebner's gland, and in the demilunes of labial glands. Lactoferrin was found in
      serous acini, demilunes, intercalated and intralobular ducts. Lysozyme was found
      in acinar and intercalated ducts, but was rarely seen in intralobular ducts.
      These results disclose the presence of cells (plasma cells and epithelial cells)
      and their products (IgA and secretory component) that indicate the local
      production of secretory IgA in minor salivary glands.

PMID- 6425479
TI  - [Histopathological studies of labyrinthitis ossificans in experimental animals].

PMID- 6425480
TI  - Short-term pulmonary effects of total parenteral nutrition in children with
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Indices of respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and pulmonary
      diffusing capacity were measured in 11 malnourished children (age 10 to 17 years)
      with cystic fibrosis, before and after improvement of nutritional status with
      supplemental parenteral nutrients for 1 month. During this time, the children
      received 120% of estimated energy requirements (either 3.75% or 22.5% as lipid)
      and amino acids 2.5 gm/120 kcal by central venous catheter, plus as much of their
      usual diet as desired. With nutritional supplementation, body weight, triceps
      skinfold thickness, and mid-arm muscle circumference increased (mean 15%, 62%,
      and 95%, respectively). Maximum inspiratory airway pressure also increased (mean
      29%; P less than 0.01), suggesting improvement in respiratory muscle strength.
      However, none of the indices of pulmonary function improved. Pulmonary diffusing
      capacity did not change during parenteral nutrition regardless of the amount of
      parenteral energy intake supplied by lipid, but arterial oxygen saturation
      decreased (mean of 93.5% to 91.5%; P less than 0.005). During the month following
      parenteral nutrition, weight, skinfold thickness, and mid-arm muscle
      circumference, but not MIP, decreased and arterial oxygen saturation returned to
      the initial value (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 6425481
TI  - Differentiation of lymphoma from histoplasmosis in children with mediastinal
      masses.
AB  - The differentiation of mediastinal masses caused by lymphoma from those caused by
      histoplasmosis may require thoracotomy. We reviewed the medical records of 37
      children undergoing initial evaluation for anterior or middle mediastinal masses.
      Sixteen had biopsy-proved lymphoma, and 21 had histoplasmosis; seven with
      histoplasmosis underwent thoracotomy. Age, sex, fever, weight loss, duration of
      illness, anemia, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nonspecific reactants, and lung
      infiltrates and calcifications were similar in both groups. Masses were in the
      middle mediastinum in all patients with histoplasmosis and in 69% with lymphoma.
      Masses were in the anterior mediastinum in one of 21 (5%) with histoplasmosis and
      13 of 16 (81%) with lymphoma. Among patients with lymphoma, histoplasmal
      complement fixation antibody titers were less than 1:8 in 14 of 15 (93%); a
      single patient had a titer of 1:16. The CF titers were greater than or equal to
      1:32 in 14 of 21 (67%) with histoplasmosis. In children with middle mediastinal
      masses, a histoplasmal CF yeast or mycelial titer greater than or equal to 1:32
      is strongly suggestive of acute histoplasmosis and biopsy is not required.
      Children not fulfilling these criteria should undergo diagnostic biopsy.

PMID- 6425482
TI  - Improved hemophilia A carrier detection by DDAVP stimulation of factor VIII.
AB  - We studied the differential increase in FVIIIc and FVIII R:Ag after the
      intravenous infusion of 0.30 micrograms/kg DDAVP in 20 obligate hemophilia A
      carriers and in 20 female controls. FVIIIc increased in carriers (59.5 +/- 23.1
      to 137.5 +/- 45.9) and in controls (98.0 +/- 20.7 to 259.9 +/- 57.4) (P less than
      0.001), but the magnitude of the FVIIIc increase in carriers was less than that
      in controls by 51.9% (P less than 0.001). FVIII R:Ag increased comparably in
      carriers (105.2 +/- 30.4 to 171.9 +/- 25.4) and controls (92.1 +/- 33.0 to 165.2
      +/- 20.6). Using the post-DDAVP instead of the standard FVIIIc/FVIII R:Ag ratio,
      hemophilia carrier detection was increased from 85% (with 10% false positive and
      20% false negative assignments) to 95% (with 5% false positive and 5% false
      negative assignments). Toxicity associated with DDAVP infusion correlated
      linearly with doses greater than 10.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms/m2 (P less than 0.02)
      and with total doses greater than 17.0 +/- 4.5 micrograms (P less than 0.02). The
      use of DDAVP improves carrier detection in factor VIII-deficient hemophilia.

PMID- 6425483
TI  - DNA synthesis stimulatory activity is low in serum of protein-undernourished
      children.

PMID- 6425484
TI  - Serum zinc, copper, and selenium concentrations in preterm infants receiving
      enteral nutrition or parental nutrition supplemented with zinc and copper.
AB  - Fifteen enterally fed preterm infants not receiving additional trace element
      supplements and 22 preterm infants receiving total or partial parenteral
      nutrition supplemented with zinc at 350 micrograms/kg/day and copper at 20
      micrograms/kg/day were examined 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after birth. Mean serum
      Zn concentrations in the parenteral group remained relatively constant and were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.01) at day 21 than the value for the enteral
      group. In contrast, a significant decline in mean serum Zn concentrations
      occurred between days 1 and 21 in the enteral group. The mean serum Cu
      concentrations in the parenteral group rose during the first week, and were
      significantly higher at days 14 and 21 than corresponding values in the enteral
      group. This trend did not result from copper supplementation alone but was also
      attributed to the presence of ceruloplasmin in blood transfusions. Mean serum Se
      concentrations did not change significantly, either between or within the two
      groups, except during the first week, at which time levels rose in the parenteral
      group. The addition of Zn, Cu, and probably of Se to parenteral infusates, allows
      the maintenance of appropriate serum values.

PMID- 6425485
TI  - Home care for life-supported persons: an approach to program development.
AB  - Eighteen ventilator-dependent children were returned to their homes from
      Illinois. Each candidate was selected according to physician-designated
      guidelines for medical stability as well as predetermined social-environmental
      and reimbursement criteria. Each individualized occurrence was organized
      according to a comprehensive home care plan. Unanticipated improvement in medical
      condition and psychosocial development has resulted at home. The children and
      families have returned to a safe environment that best promotes the health of all
      involved. In addition, initial cost savings were at least 70%. These
      demonstrations have evolved into an organized regional approach to the ventilator
      dependent child which utilizes available resources. The required continuum of
      health care and personal services includes intermediate intensive care,
      respiratory rehabilitation, transitional care, home care, and community-oriented
      alternatives to home. Problems of the ventilator-dependent child are those
      encountered by all children with handicaps and their families. The appropriate
      solutions will provide models for other complex health care and societal issues.

PMID- 6425486
TI  - The epizootiology and pathology of sarcoptic mange in coyotes, Canis latrans,
      from south Texas.
AB  - An epizootic of sarcoptic mange in coyotes from south Texas, Canis latrans , was
      studied over a 7-yr period, 1975 through 1981. From a four-county area centered
      in Webb County, Texas the epizootic radiated centrifugally to include a 27-county
      area. The disease progressed from initial, scabby encrustations on the ischium
      and fore and hind legs to severe, thickened, slate-gray hyperkeratotic lesions
      with almost complete alopecia. There were significant decreases in alpha-globulin
      and albumin, significant increases in gamma-globulin, and significant decreases
      in fat deposits and total body weight indicative of a chronic infection with
      establishment of a humoral antibody response as the infection progressed in
      severity. Significant differences in prevalence of mange across habitat variables
      of host age and sex, and across seasons were related to the juvenile/adult ratio
      in the coyote population at any particular time because the infection progressed
      more rapidly in juveniles. Population dynamics and abundance of coyotes were
      generally unaffected by the mange epizootic. Although higher mortality was
      associated with mange-infected animals, this had no effect on overall mortality
      in the coyote population.

PMID- 6425487
TI  - Protective effects of juzentaihoto, dried decoctum of 10 Chinese herbs mixture,
      upon the adverse effects of mitomycin C in mice.
AB  - In view of the reduction of side effects as well as the enhancement of anti-tumor
      activities of anticancer drugs, we have been interested in the combined use of
      Chinese medicines with them. In the present study, we attempted to examine the
      effects of Chinese prescription, juzentaihoto (JTX), combined with mitomycin C
      (MMC). JTX is consisted of Astragali radix, Chinnamomi cortex, Rehmanniae radix,
      Paeonia radix, Cnidii rhizoma, Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma, Angelicae radix,
      Ginseng radix, Hoelen and Glycyrrhizae radix. In BDF1-mice which were implanted
      with P-388 leukemic cells, JTX prolonged significantly the average survival days
      of MMC-treated group. In tumor-free BDF1-mice, JTX improved the leukopenia and
      the body weight loss which were caused by MMC. Additionally, JTX delayed the
      appearance of deaths by lethal dosis of MMC. These results indicate that JTX
      enhances the anti-tumor activity of MMC and lessens the adverse effects of it.
      JTX may be useful for patients undertaking MMC treatment.

PMID- 6425488
TI  - Effect of environmental temperature on the content of cytochrome P-450 and
      activity of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase in rats.
AB  - The effect of environmental temperature on the content of cytochrome P-450 or the
      activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c (NADPH
      cytochrome c) reductase was examined by using microsomes prepared from rats kept
      at 30 degrees C or 15 degrees C for 14 d. The warm exposure (30 degrees C for 14
      d) resulted in a significant reduction of the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase though the content of cytochrome P-450 was not changed. The level of
      thyroxine and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine was reduced by the warm exposure. From the
      present observation, it was suggested that the effect of environmental
      temperature on the metabolism of drugs was due to the activity of NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase mediated by the level of thyroid hormone.

PMID- 6425489
TI  - Different responsiveness of hepatic and pulmonary microsomal mixed function
      oxidases to phenobarbital-type and 3-methylcholanthrene-type polychlorinated
      biphenyls in rats.
AB  - Inductive effects of pretreatments with a phenobarbital(PB)-type 2, 4, 5, 2', 4',
      5'-hexachlorobiphenyl(HCB), a 3-methylcholantrene(MC)-type 3, 4, 5, 3', 4'
      pentachlorbiphenyl(PenCB) and a mixed type polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) mixture,
      Kanechlor(KC-)400 as well as PB and MC on the hepatic and pulmonary microsomal
      mixed function oxidases(MFOs) were examined and compared using male Wistar rats.
      Hepatic cytochrome P-450(448) content was increased 2- to 4-fold by pretreatment
      with all inducers tested, whereas the pulmonary content was slightly elevated
      only by the MC-type(MC and PenCB) and mixed type inducers. Benzphetamine(BZ) N
      demethylase activity in the liver was strongly enhanced by the PB-type(PB and
      HCB) and mixed type inducers, but not affected by MC and suppressed by PenCB.
      Pulmonary BZ N-demethylation was not affected by pretreatments with the MC-type
      and mixed type inducers while both PB-type inducers decreased the activity. The
      PB-type inducers, showing a weak inducibility for aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase(AHH) in the liver, also diminished the activity in the lung. In
      contrast, a marked enhancement of AHH activity in both organs was caused by
      pretreatment with the MC-type and mixed type inducers. AHH activity in both
      organs from PenCB-treated rats was highly sensitive to alpha-naphthoflavone but
      almost insensitive to SKF 525-A. These results strongly suggest that the
      pulmonary MFO in rats in inducible only with MC-type but not with PB-type PCB
      unlike the hepatic MFO.

PMID- 6425490
TI  - Polysaccharides in fungi. XIV. Anti-inflammatory effect of the polysaccharides
      from the fruit bodies of several fungi.
AB  - Anti-inflammatory assays on the carrageenin-induced edema and scald-induced
      hyperalgesia in the hindpaw of rats were studied on polysaccharides obtained from
      the fruit bodies of various fungi (polysaccharide AC, BC: Tremella
      fuciformis;MEA, MHA, MCW-A, MCW-N: Auricularia auricula-judae; T-2-HN: Dictophora
      indusiata;G-A: Ganoderma japonicum). The purified polysaccharides MHA, MCW-A, G-A
      and T-2-HN exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on carrageenin edema. Among
      these polysaccharides, T-2-HN (partially O-acetylated alpha-D-mannan) also showed
      the marked inhibitory effect on scald hyperalgesia. We have found that T-2-HN has
      more potent anti-inflammatory activity than phenylbutazone in the above two
      inflammatory models. Since the purified polysaccharide is free from protein and
      lipid, it is clear that anti-inflammatory effect arises from the polysaccharide
      itself. The polysaccharides (T-2-HN, locust bean gun, xanthan gum) had little
      effect on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in canine platelets. The mechanism
      of the anti-inflammatory activity of the polysaccharide remains obscure.

PMID- 6425491
TI  - Vaginal absorption of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue
      (leuprolide) in rats. IV: Evaluation of the vaginal absorption and gonadotropin
      responses by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The vaginal absorption of leuprolide (a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone analogue), which has the potential for producing regression of hormone
      dependent tumors as well as high gonadotropin-releasing and ovulation-inducing
      activities, was evaluated in rats by radioimmunoassay. Gonadotropin (luteinizing
      hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) release was concomitantly determined.
      Although leuprolide disappeared rapidly from the serum after intravenous
      administration (the biological half-lives were 8.4 min in the alpha-phase and
      33.2 min in the beta-phase), long-lasting serum levels were observed when the
      analogue was administered vaginally. The vaginal absorption was enhanced by
      adding citric acid to the test solution. The absolute bioavailability, estimated
      by the AUC of serum leuprolide levels, was 25.8% over 6 h and 38.0% over 12 h in
      the 5% citric acid solution (pH 3.5). The sustained release of gonadotropin was
      also obtained after vaginal administration of the analogue. A linear dose
      absorption correlation of leuprolide was obtained in the range of 10-1000
      micrograms/kg in an aqueous solution or methylcellulose jelly. The release of
      gonadotropin showed a plateau level at greater than 10 micrograms/kg, which
      corresponds to an effective dose for antitumor activity. The vaginal absorption
      of leuprolide varied with the estrous cycle, but this effect was eliminated by
      prior subcutaneous pretreatment with the analogue.

PMID- 6425492
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diazepam and nordiazepam in the cat.
AB  - The cat has been used extensively as an experimental model for studying the
      pharmacology of compounds that exhibit CNS activity including diazepam and
      nordiazepam. However, since little is known about the distribution and
      elimination of diazepam in this species, the pharmacokinetics of diazepam and
      nordiazepam were studied in the cat following intravenous doses of 5, 10, and 20
      mg/kg of diazepam and 5 and 10 mg/kg of nordiazepam. The disappearance of
      diazepam and nordiazepam from blood was fitted with classical equations.
      Theoretical and trapezoidal areas under the curve (AUCth and AUCtr) were
      calculated. The volumes of distribution (Vd beta) were calculated as model
      independent parameters for diazepam and nordiazepam. Intrinsic hepatic clearance,
      extraction ratio, and tissue binding parameters were also calculated for
      diazepam. From the observed data, it is apparent that the blood concentrations
      and the resulting areas under the curves are proportional to the dose of diazepam
      administered and that the pharmacokinetics of diazepam were linear over the dose
      range studied. In addition, nordiazepam formed after diazepam administration
      appeared to be proportional to the dose of diazepam administered. The terminal
      elimination rate constant of nordiazepam remained constant over the dose range
      studied. It appears that both diazepam and nordiazepam are highly bound to
      tissue. The total body clearance of diazepam (4.72 +/- 2.45 mL/min/kg) is
      approximately six times that of nordiazepam (0.85 +/- 0.25 mL/min/kg).
      Approximately 50% of an administered dose of diazepam was biotransformed to
      nordiazepam in the cat.

PMID- 6425493
TI  - Nonadrenergic nature of prazosin-resistant, sympathetic contraction in the dog
      mesenteric artery.
AB  - Electrical transmural stimulation of the isolated dog mesenteric artery produced
      a contractile response which was abolished by guanethidine and 6-hydroxydopamine
      but not by prazosin. Approximately 60% of the response seen with a frequency of 3
      Hz remained after the treatment with prazosin. The prazosin-resistant contraction
      induced by electrical transmural stimulation was potentiated by other alpha
      adrenoceptor antagonists (phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, tolazoline and DG
      5128). Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists (including norepinephrine) attenuated the
      prazosin-resistant contraction and this attenuation was antagonized by the alpha
      antagonists mentioned above. Cocaine slightly inhibited the prazosin-resistant
      contraction, whereas this drug markedly augmented the contractile response to
      electrical stimulation before treatment with prazosin. In reserpine-treated
      mesenteric arteries also, electrical transmural stimulation produced a
      contraction and this was neither suppressed nor potentiated by prazosin and other
      alpha antagonists but was attenuated by alpha-2 agonists. Guanethidine and 6
      hydroxydopamine abolished the prazosin-resistant contraction in reserpine-treated
      arteries. Nicotine, but not tyramine, also produced such prazosin-resistant
      contraction in reserpine-treated and untreated arteries. Exogenous norepinephrine
      produced a concentration-dependent contraction in reserpine-treated and untreated
      arteries and the responses were competitively antagonized by prazosin. These
      results indicate that the prazosin-resistant contractions of the dog mesenteric
      artery induced by electrical transmural stimulation and nicotine are sympathetic
      in origin but not adrenergic in nature. Such prazosin- resistant contraction was
      observed in the dog mesenteric vein but not in carotid and femoral arteries,
      thereby suggesting that the nonadrenergic component may play an important role in
      the regulation of visceral blood flow.

PMID- 6425494
TI  - Effects of parenteral and enteral hyperalimentation on hepatic drug metabolism in
      the rat.
AB  - Whereas patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation frequently have
      abnormalities in serum liver enzymes, the influence of i.v. administration of
      hypertonic glucose-protein solutions on hepatic function has received little
      attention. Recent data from this laboratory indicated that in vivo clearance of
      pentobarbital was significantly decreased in rats receiving total parenteral
      hyperalimentation (TPN) vs. animals receiving the same hyperalimentation solution
      enterally (total enteral hyperalimentation; TEN). To determine the cause of this
      decreased clearance, we have analyzed mixed-function oxidase activity in hepatic
      microsomes prepared from livers of rats receiving 7 day continuous i.v. or i.g.
      infusions of hypertonic glucose (25%) combined with fibrin hydrolysate or
      crystalline amino acids. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and capacity for
      demethylation of meperidine and hydroxylation of pentobarbital were significantly
      reduced in TPN animals as compared to TEN and ad libitum chow-fed control rats.
      Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of microsomal protein
      revealed increased staining of a 46,500 molecular weight band and decreased
      intensity of a 52,700 molecular weight band in TPN experiments as compared to TEN
      studies. Increasing amino acid concentration in infusions to 4.25% from the
      standard 2.75% resulted in marked reductions in hepatic microsomal drug
      metabolism in enterally hyperalimented animals. These studies show that the route
      of alimentation delivery has an important influence on hepatic drug metabolic
      function in rats and suggest that quantitative and/or qualitative differences in
      hepatic delivery of protein may be responsible for the quantitative and
      qualitative differences in hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases observed
      between TPN and TEN animals. If similar changes occur in humans receiving TPN,
      major alterations in drug regimens may be required.

PMID- 6425495
TI  - Pharmacological manipulation of canine cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase
      in vivo: differential renal and platelet recovery rates.
AB  - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was chronically infused i.v. into dogs at a low
      dose (0.1 mg/kg/hr) using a surgically implanted Alzet osmotic pump. The time
      course for inhibition of cyclooxygenase and for its recovery after removal of the
      pump were followed in washed platelet preparations and in kidney medulla
      microsomes using [14C]arachidonic acid metabolism. Chronic acetylsalicylic acid
      infusion inhibited platelet cyclooxygenase 60% after 1 day of treatment and 95%
      after 3 days. Recovery of platelet arachidonate metabolism after removal of the
      osmotic pump was very rapid (T 1/2 = 0.9 days). Renal cyclooxygenase was also
      completely inhibited after 3 days but showed a slower recovery rate (T 1/2 = 2.8
      days). Therefore, canine platelets, unlike human platelets, recover more rapidly
      from acetylsalicylic acid inhibition than do the kidneys. We have also
      established a whole blood method to study the effective time course of
      thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. The relative potencies for inhibiting platelet
      thromboxane synthetase after i.v. bolus administration of the agents studied was
      OKY-1581 greater than OKY-046 = dazoxiben much greater than Ro 22-7878. The
      effective half-life of OKY-1581, OKY-046 and dazoxiben was 2 hr while the half
      life of Ro 22-7878 was 0.5 hr.

PMID- 6425496
TI  - Rapid transcapillary exchange and unidirectional neuronal uptake of noradrenaline
      in the perfused rabbit heart.
AB  - Capillary permeability and cellular uptake of noradrenaline by the isolated
      artificially perfused rabbit heart was measured using rapid (less than 30 s)
      single-circulation tracer-dilution techniques. In a single coronary circulation
      capillary extractions of L-[14C]noradrenaline and D-[3H]mannitol (extracellular
      reference) relative to an intravascular marker, 125I-labelled albumin, were
      similar and above 60%. The 'apparent' volume of distribution for tracer
      noradrenaline was 2.5-fold larger than that measured for D-mannitol (0.32 ml g-1)
      suggesting cellular uptake of the amine. Unidirectional noradrenaline uptake was
      estimated by directly comparing coronary sinus dilution profiles of L
      [3H]noradrenaline and D-[14C]mannitol. Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics based
      on a single-entry system were determined (Km = 2.8 +/- 1.5 microM, Vmax = 2.1 +/-
      0.5 nmol min-1 g-1, n = 4) by perfusing hearts with varying concentrations of L
      noradrenaline (1-10 microM). Various known inhibitors of noradrenaline uptake
      were investigated to determine whether uptake was mediated by neuronal (uptake1)
      and/or extraneuronal (uptake2) mechanisms. Desipramine (5 microM), imipramine (5
      microM) and metaraminol (2 microM) resulted in a 66-94% inhibition of
      noradrenaline influx. In comparison, the steroids, 17 beta-oestradiol (1 microM)
      and corticosterone (10 microM), and the noradrenaline metabolite normetanephrine
      (5 microM) caused virtually no inhibitory effects. The beta-adrenergic antagonist
      propranolol (5 microM) was also relatively ineffective. These results together
      with the kinetic constants estimated suggest that the rapid noradrenaline uptake
      reflects transport into adrenergic neurones lying in the coronary interstitium.
      The high resolution of this paired-tracer dilution technique has permitted a 'non
      invasive' study of neuronal uptake mechanisms and its application may be of
      clinical value.

PMID- 6425497
TI  - Prevention: rhetoric and reality.

PMID- 6425498
TI  - What is the risk of beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection in obstetrics?:
      discussion paper.

PMID- 6425499
TI  - Nutrition in the cancer patient: a review.

PMID- 6425500
TI  - Epilepsy as an adverse reaction to combined therapy of MAOIs and tricyclics.

PMID- 6425501
TI  - Mitomycin C analogues with aryl substituents on the 7-amino group.
AB  - A series of 30 different N7-phenyl-substituted mitomycin C analogues, including
      25 new compounds, was prepared from mitomycin A. Seven of these compounds were
      clearly superior to mitomycin C in activity against P-388 murine leukemia. The
      para- and the meta-substituted derivatives were subjected to Hansch analysis,
      which revealed that the lipid-water distribution coefficient pi was the only
      significant factor in determining antitumor potency (MED). The substituent
      electronegativity factor sigma was statistically insignificant in determining
      potency, despite the good correlation of sigma p with the polarographic quinone
      reduction potential. These results suggest that diffusion into the tumor cell or
      access to the receptor is more important than bioreductive activation in
      determining antitumor potency for this particular group of mitosanes . Fifteen
      new mitomycin C analogues with heterocycles on the 7-amino group also were
      prepared. Two of them, containing pyrazolyl and aminopyridyl substituents, were
      more active than mitomycin C against P-388 murine leukemia. No broad correlations
      could be made among the antitumor potencies and physicochemical properties for
      this type of analogue.

PMID- 6425502
TI  - Binding of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by lectin-like receptors on human phagocytes.
AB  - The adherence of gonococci to phagocytes was examined for the presence of "lectin
      like" receptors capable of binding these bacteria. The data suggests such "lectin
      like" receptors are present on PMN and monocytes that recognize sugars present in
      the gonococcal cell wall and that there are quantitative and qualitative
      differences in expression of these receptors. These findings may have importance
      in investigation of the interaction of gonococci with phagocytes and with the
      subsequent induction of immunity in the disease.

PMID- 6425503
TI  - Protective mechanisms against infection by Listeria monocytogenes: accumulation
      and activation of macrophages.
AB  - The protective mechanisms against Listeria monocytogenes were analysed in mice.
      Listeria immune mice were rechallenged with viable listeria, and the degree of
      activation of macrophages, the degree of accumulation of macrophages to the
      infected sites, and these mechanisms were studied. Enhanced acquired resistance
      to the reinfection became detectable from the early stage of immunization. It was
      observed that activation of macrophages was mediated by pretreatment with antigen
      from the early stage of immunization. Enhanced accumulation of macrophages at the
      infected sites was observed only in the early stage. Enhanced accumulation and
      activation of macrophages in the early stage were generated by mediators from
      listeria antigen sensitized T lymphocytes which were different from classical
      tuberculin type. Enhanced activation of macrophages in the later stage was
      generated by MAF and/or MIF from sensitized T lymphocytes of classical tuberculin
      type. It was suggested that acquired cellular resistance to listeria in the early
      stage depends on both activation and accumulation of macrophages, and that in the
      later stage depends on activation of macrophages.

PMID- 6425504
TI  - Detergent sensitivity and splitting of isolated liver gap junctions.
AB  - Isolated rat liver gap junctions were split by two methods. In the first method,
      isolated gap junctions were stabilized by cross-linking their cytoplasmic
      surfaces with glutaraldehyde under conditions that prevented the entry of
      glutaraldehyde into the "gap" region. The "stabilized" junctions were then split
      in the junctional gap with SDS. In the second procedure, unfixed gap junctions
      were split by incubation in urea-containing solutions. Junctional splitting was
      monitored by electron microscopy of thin sectioned and freeze fractured membrane
      pellets. Sidedness of the split junctional membranes was defined by labeling
      their cytoplasmic surfaces with glutaraldehyde-activated ferritin before
      splitting with urea. Gap junctional splitting did not result in any loss of
      protein components as determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The glutaraldehyde
      cross-linking procedure was also used to determine the effects of various
      detergents on the protein-protein interactions in the "gap" region. Of the
      detergents tested, only SDS caused junctional splitting.

PMID- 6425505
TI  - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in mental handicap.
AB  - A case of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a mildly mentally retarded adult
      female is described. The clinical features, natural history and response to
      treatment were typical of the condition but the association with mental
      retardation, epilepsy and psychotic phenomena were unusual.

PMID- 6425506
TI  - Identification of a development-specific promoter of Myxococcus xanthus.
AB  - In the chromosome of Myxococcus xanthus, two homologous genes for protein S, a
      development-specific protein, are tandemly repeated with a 1.4 X 10(3) base-pair
      sequence between the two genes. Two synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides were used
      as specific probes for individual transcripts from the upstream gene 1 and the
      downstream gene 2, respectively. The gene 2 transcript was detected only during
      developmental growth, while the gene 1 transcript was not detected during
      developmental or vegetative growth. The major initiation site for the gene 2
      transcription was determined to be 51 bases upstream of the initiation codon for
      gene 2. The development-specific promoter of gene 2 was identified; it shows some
      homologies to the Escherichia coli promoter structures.

PMID- 6425507
TI  - Ca2+ and the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the regulation of cytosolic calcium is
      briefly reviewed. A method is described for monitoring calcium efflux from
      relatively large amounts of SR in a newly designed filtration apparatus using
      membrane filtration. Two phases of Ca2+ efflux from SR preloaded in the presence
      of oxalate were observed: an early exponential phase, followed by a phase of
      constant efflux. Changes in pH from 6.8 to 7.4 resulted in increased efflux. A
      change in the opposite direction resulted in an initial rapid increase in efflux
      before the expected decrease occurred. Caffeine (10 and 20 mM) caused increased
      efflux. Addition of 100 microM EGTA to the buffer resulted in major changes in
      the exponential phase but not in the phase of constant release, and potentiated
      the effect of caffeine. The method appears suitable for a variety of
      pharmacological studies in SR as well as other tissue fractions.

PMID- 6425508
TI  - Three-year survival rates of pulmonary rehabilitation patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - A retrospective study analyzed medical and psychosocial factors associated with
      the three-year survival rates of clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease patients enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The 69 percent
      three-year survival rate was similar to rates reported in previous studies.
      Neither continued cigarette smoking nor psychological variables were
      significantly associated with patient longevity. Discriminant analysis revealed
      that the combination of arterial O(2) and CO(2) tensions or its simple
      approximation (PaO(2) - PaCO(2)) was the best predictor of patient survival at
      three years.

PMID- 6425509
TI  - Effect of benomyl on the reproductive development of male rats.
AB  - Benomyl, a systemic fungicide, was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats
      during the prepuberal, pubertal, or postpubertal stage of reproductive
      development. Animals received 5 or 10 daily treatments of 0, 125, 200, 250, 500,
      or 1000 mg benomyl/kg . d by gavage. Observations were made at selected intervals
      after exposure and included hematological parameters, body weight, tissue
      weights, total epididymal sperm counts, vas deferens sperm concentration, serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone ( sFSH ) levels, and testicular histology. Data
      presented here suggest that there is an age-related difference in sensitivity to
      benomyl. Animals that received benomyl treatments during prepuberty showed no
      significant treatment effects in tissue weights, total epididymal sperm counts,
      vas deferens sperm concentration, or sFSH . Animals that received at least 250
      mg/kg . d during puberty or postpuberty showed one or more of the following
      effects: decreased testicular or epididymal weights, decreased epididymal sperm
      count, decreased vas deferens sperm concentrations, and/or testicular lesions.
      Histological examination of testicular tissue indicated a higher incidence of
      diffuse hypospermatocytogenesis in pubertal (20% of the treated animals) and
      postpubertal (40% of the treated animals) animals that were exposed to benomyl.
      These values were compared with those of the treated prepubertal animals, which
      had a 10% incidence of diffuse hypospermatocytogenesis , and with all of the
      control animals, which had no occurrences of this testicular lesion.

PMID- 6425510
TI  - Polysaccharide localization, coccolith formation, and Golgi dynamics in the
      coccolithophorid Hymenomonas carterae.
AB  - The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate staining technique
      according to Thiery (1967) was employed for visualization of the ultrastructural
      localization of polysaccharides in the coccolithophorid alga Hymenomonas carterae
      . Preferential staining was observed in the Golgi apparatus, including
      constituents and precursors of "scales" and " coccoliths " (scales with a rim of
      elaborate CaCO3 crystals), which are extruded and become part of the cell wall.
      Cells fixed in the presence of the polyanion-precipitating agent
      cetylpyridiniumchloride showed a voluminous coat over the crystalline matter of
      the coccolith giving the extracellular coccoliths the appearance of being glued
      together. Soluble acid polysaccharides are thought to occur in the coat. Evidence
      is presented that the coat and the crystalline matter are produced
      simultaneously. The excellent stainability of the Golgi apparatus allowed study
      of its morphology in considerable detail, and permitted a tentative
      reconstruction of the formation of coccoliths and scales and of the Golgi
      dynamics in general. The question of whether Golgi cisternae are mobile or static
      entities is dealt with.

PMID- 6425511
TI  - Experimental infection of gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) with Brucella
      abortus.
AB  - Ten gray foxes, eight principals that were fed approximately 4.4 X 10(10) colony
      forming units of Brucella abortus strain 2308 and two controls, were examined for
      serologic responses and tissue distribution of the organisms. Blood sera from
      each fox were tested on the day of exposure and at seven weekly intervals for
      antibodies to B. abortus, using the brucellosis card, standard tube
      agglutination, 2-mercaptoethanol and rivanol tests. Control foxes were
      serologically negative for all tests throughout the study and the principals were
      negative prior to exposure. On days 14, 21 and 28, the eight principals had
      positive card reactions and greater than or equal to 1:100 tube agglutination
      titers. After 28 days, the titers receded; and by day 49, three principals had
      negative card reactions and one of these was negative for all tests. Brucella
      abortus was isolated from one or more lymph nodes from seven of eight principals
      including the one which was seronegative. The bacterium was not isolated from
      lungs, livers, spleens, kidneys, uteri or testicles.

PMID- 6425512
TI  - Haemoproteus tinnunculus in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius).

PMID- 6425513
TI  - Embryo transfer and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6425514
TI  - Costs and benefits of hepatitis prophylaxis.

PMID- 6425515
TI  - The role of decision and cost analyses in the treatment of pregnant women with
      recurrent genital herpes.

PMID- 6425516
TI  - Indigenous Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) in California.

PMID- 6425517
TI  - Sixth annual Jonathan E. Rhoads lecture. Enteral nutrition: tube feeding in acute
      and chronic illness.

PMID- 6425518
TI  - Preventing hypophosphatemia during total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Phosphate supplementation during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is essential to
      prevent hypophosphatemia but individual phosphate requirements vary. We reviewed
      68 courses of TPN in 61 patients to determine the incidence of hypophosphatemia
      and to identify factors which indicate a need for additional phosphate
      supplementation. Eight (12%) patients were hypophosphatemic before initiation of
      TPN. Sixty (88%) patients were normophosphatemic when TPN was initiated and 25
      (42%) became hypophosphatemic. Of these 60 patients, 20 (38%) of 52 patients
      became hypophosphatemic when supplemented with 13.6 mM phosphate/liter or more,
      whereas five (63%) of eight patients became hypophosphatemic when supplemented
      with only 6.8 mM phosphate/liter TPN fluid. More hypophosphatemic patients
      required insulin during TPN (48 vs 26%), were initially hyperglycemic (24 vs 9%),
      were alcoholic by history (24 vs 11%), had evidence of chronic weight loss (64 vs
      46%), and had a history of recent diuretic (40 vs 23%) or antacid therapy (56 vs
      43%). Hypophosphatemia occurs frequently after initiation of TPN therapy despite
      phosphate supplementation. Provision of 13.6 mEq phosphate/liter prevents
      hypophosphatemia in most patients. However, patients who are hyperglycemic,
      require insulin during TPN, or have a history of alcoholism, chronic weight loss,
      or chronic antacid or diuretic therapy may require greater supplementation to
      prevent the development of hypophosphatemia. Chronically malnourished patients
      require a slower initial rate of infusion as well.

PMID- 6425519
TI  - Consultative total parenteral nutrition teams: the effect on the incidence of
      total parenteral nutrition-related complications.
AB  - A two part, prospective study was undertaken to establish the existing frequency
      of total parenteral nutrition-(TPN) related mechanical, metabolic, and septic
      complications in an institution with a consultative TPN team (group A) and to
      determine if increasing the involvement of the TPN team in patient monitoring and
      verifying adherence to TPN infection control guidelines would reduce the
      incidence of these complications (group B). The initial 28 consecutive patients
      were managed entirely by their primary physicians with the role of the TPN team
      limited to consultative activities while the next 29 patients receiving TPN were
      managed jointly by their primary physicians and the TPN team. Analysis of the
      results show group B to have a significant reduction in metabolic complications,
      decreased incidence of mechanical abnormalities, and approximately equal
      incidences of documented sepsis. However, when compared to the results of an
      institution in which the TPN team has complete control of TPN therapy, even the
      group B patients had a relatively excessive number of TPN-related complications
      especially in the categories of mechanical and metabolic abnormalities. Thus,
      consultative TPN teams do not necessarily ensure optimum TPN therapy and
      institutions using this approach to provide nutrition parenterally must be
      prepared to establish the incidence of TPN-related complications and to expand
      the involvement of the TPN team as required to control the frequency of these
      anomalies.

PMID- 6425520
TI  - Alterations in the metabolism of exogenous lipid associated with sepsis.
AB  - The responses to an exogenous lipid challenge of nonhypermetabolic surgical
      patients requiring parenteral nutrition and seriously ill septic patients were
      compared. All patients received a 500-ml intravenous infusion of a 10% lipid
      emulsion over a 4-hr period. An early elevation of glycerol and triglyceride was
      noted during the infusion suggesting chylomicron fractionation. Peak triglyceride
      levels were higher in the septic group but the rate of lipid clearance appeared
      essentially identical in both septic and nonseptic patients. Lipoprotein lipase
      levels remained constant and were equal for both groups. Significant late ketone
      body production was statistically identical in both groups despite depressed
      albumin levels in the septic group suggesting adequate hepatic ketogenic capacity
      in septic as well as nonseptic patients.

PMID- 6425521
TI  - Plasma ammonia levels in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition with
      crystalline L-amino acids.
AB  - In order to investigate the severity and incidence of hyperammonemia in preterm
      infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with crystalline L-amino acids
      having high arginine content (Travasol), we determined the plasma ammonia (PA)
      levels in a group of 29 preterm infants on TPN, weekly and 1 wk posttherapy.
      Their mean gestational age was 29.9 +/- 2.6 wk and mean birth weight 1208 +/- 262
      g. Thirty five blood samples obtained from 15 preterm infants not on TPN with
      mean gestational age 32.2 +/- 1.9 wk and a birth weight of 1495 +/- 161 g served
      as a control. In the parenteral nutrition group the mean PA level (140 +/- 58
      micrograms/100 ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in the
      same group one week post TPN (97 +/- 34 micrograms/100 ml) and in the control
      group (86 +/- 35 micrograms/100 ml). The incidence of hyperammonemia (greater
      than 160 micrograms/100 ml) was 30% in the TPN group versus 3% in the controls (p
      less than 0.01). Maximal PA level during that treatment was 405 versus 216
      micrograms/100 ml 1 wk post-TPN versus 163 micrograms/100 ml in the controls. The
      data show a significant increase in PA levels in preterm infants receiving TPN
      with Travasol, possibly because of its high glycine content.

PMID- 6425522
TI  - Care of the central venous catheterization site: the use of a transparent
      polyurethane film.
AB  - Studies of care of patients with central venous catheters report a 3-7% incidence
      of catheter-induced sepsis when sterile gauze and tape are used as an occlusive
      dressing. The technique requires that the dressing be changed three times each
      week for catheterization site inspection. From June 1979 to September 1980, a
      noncomparative evaluation of a transparent, self-adhesive, polyurethane dressing
      which is permeable to water vapor but not bacteria was performed. This dressing
      was used for the care of 100 consecutive patients with central venous catheters.
      Dressing life averaged 5.3 days with silicone rubber catheters and 4.3 days for
      polyvinyl chloride catheters. One patient developed catheter induced sepsis
      (incidence 1%). This dressing material: (1) is acceptable for use as a dressing
      of central venous catheters; (2) continuously permits inspection of the insertion
      sites; (3) decreases nursing hours; (4) provides a comfortable dressing which
      secures the catheter to the patient; and (5) is durable even when exposed to high
      humidity therapy devices, or when possible permits the patient to take showers.

PMID- 6425523
TI  - Intrajejunal feeding: development and current status.
AB  - Techniques of jejunostomy were established in surgical practice by the turn of
      the century. They were mainly used to administer normal food for the palliation
      of advanced gastric cancer. Standard postoperative intravenous fluid therapy did
      not begin in earnest until the late 1930's and did not become routine until the
      late 1940's because of pyrogens, fear of fluid overload, and commercial
      nonavailability. For most gastric procedures performed from 1900 until 1940,
      postoperative treatment consisted of nutrient and saline enemas and subcutaneous
      infusion of fluid. Jejunal feedings had their greatest use between 1930 and 1950.
      Gastrectomy was widely applied for cancer and ulcers in dehydrated, malnourished
      patients. The importance of hypoproteinemia and malnutrition on postoperative
      morbidity and mortality was established, and the inability of subcutaneous
      infusions and nutrient enemas to counteract malnutrition and dehydration was
      recognized. Jejunostomy or nasojejunal tubes were recommended for routine use
      after gastric operations. During this period, the major advances in jejunal diets
      and methods of feeding were accomplished. Attention was paid to assuring adequate
      amounts of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins, and finding diets that were easily
      tolerated by the jejunum. Important in these developments was the collaboration
      of surgeons with physiologists, gastroenterologists, pharmacologists, and members
      of industry. Several factors combined to reduce the use of jejunostomy after
      1950. Intravenous therapy became familiar to the surgical profession, widely
      available, and safe. The number of gastric resections performed has decreased.
      Earlier referral for operation has resulted in patients with less preoperative
      debility and malnutrition. By 1970, total parenteral nutrition was available, and
      fewer jejunostomies were perceived as necessary. During the same interval,
      however, the increasing incidence of patients with pancreatic, esophageal, and
      hepatobiliary disease who faced major operations and catabolic postoperative
      courses presented a new challenge to the surgical community. A resurgence of
      concern for nutritional support, in part generated by the availability of total
      parenteral nutrition, prompted a renewed interest in using the gut for feeding
      the postoperative patient. This renewed interest, an understanding of the
      techniques of parenteral nutrition, the rediscovery of the gut as an absorptive
      surface in the postoperative patient, and the ready availability of a variety of
      defined formula diets have combined to rekindle the enthusiasm of many surgeons
      for complementary or adjuvant feeding jejunostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6425524
TI  - Maintenance of pregnancy in a home parenteral nutrition patient.
AB  - A case is reported of successful conception and completion of pregnancy in a
      patient with intestinal failure due to Crohn's disease, nourished entirely by
      home parenteral nutrition. The nutritional regimen included both dextrose and
      lipid as calorie sources, together with synthetic amino acids and appropriate
      additives. Nutritional status was monitored by blood biochemistry, anthropometry,
      urinary nitrogen losses, and measured resting energy expenditure. Obstetric
      progress was monitored by standard methods, including abdominal ultrasound,
      maternal weight gain, and measurement of plasma hormone levels. Herein,
      particular attention is given to the use of intravenous lipid in pregnancy.

PMID- 6425525
TI  - Efficient gastroduodenal decompression with simultaneous full enteral nutrition:
      a new gastrostomy catheter technique.
AB  - A gastrostomy tube was designed that provides efficient supplemental aspiration
      of the proximal duodenum to remove gas that escapes gastric removal, utilizing an
      extension of the gastric suction channel. A separate lumen delivers elemental
      diet 7.5 cm more distally, for safe postoperative feeding. On clinical testing,
      patients consistently achieved immediately postoperative enteral absorption of
      3000 kcal/day and positive protein balance. Supplemental insulin was required for
      optimum utilization, maintaining plasma glucose within the physiologic range.
      Oral barium motility study during the second 24 hr demonstrated prompt gastric
      emptying and spontaneous anastomotic passage. We noted decreased clogging with
      mucus, attributable to "self-cleansing" by the aspirated duodenal juices. This
      was returned with the feedings to prevent depletion. There were no complications
      attributable to this regimen. Patients were discharged uneventfully as early as
      48 hr following colectomy.

PMID- 6425526
TI  - Ambulatory long-term vasodilator therapy for chronic refractory heart failure:
      hemodynamic evaluation and clinical response.
AB  - We evaluated long-term combined vasodilator therapy (hydralazine or ecarazine +
      isosorbide dinitrate) in 29 patients with chronic congestive heart failure
      resistant to the optimal conventional therapy. There were 24 men and 5 women,
      aged 28 to 76 years (mean 52 y/o). The etiology of heart failure was congestive
      cardiomyopathy in 24 patients, ischemic cardiomyopathy in 4 patients and advanced
      mitral regurgitation due to calcified mitral annulus in 1 patient. There were 21
      patients in NYHA class III and 8 patients in NYHA class IV. All patients
      continued their previous therapeutic regimen during the period of this study.
      Hemodynamic measurements were performed with a triple lumen flow-directed balloon
      tipped catheter in 20 patients to evaluate the effects of vasodilator therapy. In
      the rest of 9 patients, heart rate, blood pressure, chest X-ray examination for
      heart size (CTR) and M-mode echocardiograms for ejection fraction (EF) were
      monitored. The hemodynamic responses to the combined vasodilator therapy in 20
      patients showed significant decreases in afterload and preload concomitant with
      an increase in cardiac output. The noninvasive evaluation of combined vasodilator
      therapy in 9 patients resulted in significant improvement in CTR and EF. We also
      noted a significant improvement in their symptoms of 29 patients. Side effects
      and drug toxicity were uncommon during vasodilator therapy. It is concluded that
      the combined vasodilator therapy is most useful adjunctive therapy in the
      management of severe refractory heart failure. Moreover, long-term nonparenteral
      vasodilators can be administered even at outpatient clinic without hemodynamic
      monitoring.

PMID- 6425527
TI  - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasodilator therapy for heart failure in
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of vasodilator agents (molsidomine, nitroglycerin, isosorbide
      dinitrate or prostaglandin I2) were studied in 53 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction. In 20 of these patients, effect on cardiac metabolism were also
      studied. Patients were divided into four groups according to the Forrester subset
      and hemodynamic effects of these agents were evaluated by the cardiac index (CI)
      preload (PAEDP) relationship. In patients of Forrester subset II and IV,
      vasodilators were capable of producing a considerable reduction in preload
      without a significant decrease in cardiac output. However, in patients of
      Forrester subset IV, five of six patients had only a minimal improvement in
      cardiac performance with vasodilator therapy because of a severe pump failure. In
      these patients, a combination therapy with dopamine was necessary to maintain the
      cardiac output. In patients with Forrester subset III, vasodilator therapy
      decreased cardiac index and preload was also reduced. Thus, for these patients
      vasodilators could not be indicated but volume infusion may be indicated. In
      patients with Forrester subset I, although vasodilator therapy decreased cardiac
      output, coronary sinus flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were also
      decreased, indicating that the vasodilator therapy is also beneficial for
      patients even without heart failure because of the protective effect of unloading
      on ischemic myocardium. Three nitrate agents, i.e., molsidomine, nitroglycerin
      and isosorbide dinitrate, demonstrated the similar effect on hemodynamics; mean
      blood pressure and PAEDP decreased by 7-10% and 20-29%, respectively, while
      systemic vascular resistance was not significantly decreased. In contrast to
      nitrates, PGI2 decreased mean blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance
      significantly, whereas a decrease in PAEDP was minimal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6425528
TI  - Changes in systemic redistribution of blood flow by vasodilators.
AB  - For the last 20 years, vasodilator drugs have been used for the therapy of
      congestive heart failure. During this period, there has been increasing interest
      in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Vasodilators are divided into one
      which reduces preload, another which reduces after-load and the last which has
      both effects. Changes in cardiac output causes changes in distribution of cardiac
      output to each organ. Therefore, after vasodilators injection, changes in
      systemic distribution of blood flow should not be equal in each organ. In this
      report, changes in systemic distribution of cardiac output after vasodilator
      injection are discussed. Systemic distribution of blood flow in normal
      circulation differs from that in abnormal circulation. In this report, effects of
      vasodilators on systemic distribution of cardiac output in the state of
      experimentally created heart failure are discussed.

PMID- 6425529
TI  - [Antishock effect of lidocaine].

PMID- 6425530
TI  - [Cardiodynamic effects of nitroglycerin and blood-letting on pulmonary and
      systemic circulation under general anesthesia in dogs].

PMID- 6425531
TI  - [A case report of anaphylactoid reactions due to common ABO, Rh type blood
      transfusion during surgery].

PMID- 6425532
TI  - [A case of difficult intubation with ossification of the posterior longitudinal
      ligament of the cervical spine (OPLL)].

PMID- 6425533
TI  - [The findings of the brain wave during hyperthermic cancer therapy].

PMID- 6425534
TI  - [Red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (RCA) activity during anesthesia--VI. Effect
      of surgical stress (in animal experiment) and direct effect of ether].

PMID- 6425535
TI  - [Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to
      antibiotics (1981)].
AB  - During the period from September 1981 to March 1982, 363 bacterial isolates were
      obtained as possible pathogens from 311 patients with lower respiratory tract
      infections at 12 medical institutions in Japan. Of these clinical isolates,
      mostly from the sputum, a total of 231 isolates including 19 strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus, 33 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 90 strains of
      Haemophilus influenzae, 65 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 17 strains of
      Klebsiella pneumoniae and 7 strains of Escherichia coli were tested in vitro for
      minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17 antimicrobial agents, and their
      antimicrobial susceptibility distribution and cumulative percentages of inhibited
      isolates by increasing concentrations of drugs were determined. The data were
      further analyzed to investigate the interrelation between such parameters as the
      age-distribution of patients by diseases of the respiratory system, sex and types
      of infection and the species and frequency of isolation of the organisms, and
      also the relationship between the antimicrobial chemotherapy prior to collection
      of clinical specimens and the species and incidence of the bacterial isolates. In
      respiratory infections, it is frequently that chemotherapy should be instituted
      with an appropriate drug even before the causative organism can be identified and
      assessed for its antimicrobial susceptibility. The present data may provide
      valuable informations in selecting appropriate drugs in practical, clinical use.

PMID- 6425536
TI  - [An autopsy report of pancreatic carcinoma following the achievement of
      significant prolongation of survival, despite the lack of a definitive
      diagnosis].
AB  - A 56-year-old female presented with chief complaints of epigastric discomfort and
      jaundice. Various examinations led to a differential diagnosis of carcinoma of
      she pancreas vs. malignant lymphoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved a 50%
      reduction of the tumor mass and the disappearance of her jaundice. The patient
      survived for twenty-seven months following initial presentation. On post-mortem
      examination, she was found to have had carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. We
      studied the relationship between chemotherapy and the survival time in
      histologically diagnosed, unresectable pancreatic cancer at this hospital over
      the last ten years.

PMID- 6425537
TI  - [Effects and limitations of nitroglycerin as a vasodilator agent].

PMID- 6425538
TI  - [Drug therapy for pump failure--indications and limitations].

PMID- 6425539
TI  - [Trends in the studies of natural peptides].

PMID- 6425540
TI  - [Normal values for serum thyroid hormone concentrations in breast feeding
      mothers].

PMID- 6425541
TI  - [Creatine kinase (CK) linked immunoglobulin in patients with ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 6425542
TI  - [The change in the levels of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
      and apoprotein A-I during acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 6425543
TI  - Post-contractile phosphocreatine splitting in muscle as revealed by time-resolved
      31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - We have designed and constructed a 25 mm diameter chamber in order to study the
      phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectra from a considerable mass
      of toad and frog muscles (16 sartorii weighing 5-10 g) which were maintained in a
      well-oxygenated condition at 4 degrees C. We have thus been able to measure the
      biochemical changes that accompany contraction and recovery with improved time
      resolution. Using this apparatus it is shown that splitting of phosphocreatine
      (PCr) continues for a few minutes after relaxation. Subsequently the PCr is
      rebuilt by oxidative processes in the familiar way, with a time-constant
      congruent to 10 min. By studying tetanic contractions of various durations we
      have shown that the time-course of the post-contractile PCr splitting is similar
      to that of the heat production that cannot yet be accounted for by known chemical
      changes. Myosin and actomyosin ATPase reactions most likely underlie the post
      contractile ATP utilization. The results suggest that the post-contractile ATP
      utilization is responsible for the unexplained enthalpy mentioned above.

PMID- 6425544
TI  - Cardiorespiratory dynamics during sinusoidal and impulse exercise in man.
AB  - Dynamic characteristics of ventilation, cardiac output, and gas exchange during
      sinusoidally varying work rates for the periods from 1 to 12 min and impulse work
      rate with a duration of 10 sec were studied on five healthy men in an upright
      position. Changes in work rate were given by controlling externally the
      electromagnetic braking system of a bicycle ergometer. Stroke volume, heart rate,
      and cardiac output during exercise were determined continuously by using an
      automated impedance cardiograph. Breath by breath determination in minute
      ventilation, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, oxygen consumption, carbon
      dioxide output, end-tidal pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and gas
      exchange ratio were conducted. From these and steady-state response data
      amplitude and phase relations between each variable and the input work loads were
      obtained utilizing the frequency analysis techniques. The response
      characteristics to sinusoidal stimuli were well represented by first-order models
      with time constants for VE, VCO2, VO2, and Q averaging 75, 67, 52, and 36 sec,
      respectively. The kinetics of HR closely resembled that of Q. There was a close
      link between both the dynamics of VE and VCO2. On the other hand, the responses
      to impulse stimuli were better described by second-order models in which fast and
      slow response components were connected in parallel. However, the contribution of
      the fast component to total response was small. Although this response may
      support in its form the neuro-humoral concept to explain exercise hyperpnea, a
      tight linkage was observed between VE and VCO2 responses to impulse stimuli.
      Thus, hyperpnea during the unsteady-state of exercise may be explained by the
      cardiodynamic hypothesis.

PMID- 6425545
TI  - [High frequency ventilation in intra-thoracic surgery. Studies of blood gas
      analysis].

PMID- 6425546
TI  - [Double lumen catheter (Argyle) through the subclavian vein route].

PMID- 6425547
TI  - [Clinical application of hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator for open heart surgery
      in infants and children].

PMID- 6425548
TI  - New position for nurses--DRG coordinator.

PMID- 6425549
TI  - [Nitroglycerin in recent myocardial infarction].

PMID- 6425550
TI  - [Pharmacodynamics of nitroglycerin: aggravation of angina pectoris after its
      intake].

PMID- 6425551
TI  - Dynamic evaluation of renal electrolyte gradient by in situ tissue impedance
      studies.

PMID- 6425552
TI  - [Effect of parenteral nutrition and enteral tube hyperalimentation on homeostasis
      indices in burn patients].

PMID- 6425553
TI  - [Effect of alvesin on the blood coagulation system based on autocoagulation test
      data].

PMID- 6425554
TI  - Pseudohypergonadotropinemia and pseudohyperprolactinemia induced by heterophilic
      antibodies?
AB  - The serum of 20 apparently hypergonadotropic and/or hyperprolactinemic patients
      (14 females, 6 males, ages 13-75 years) without evidence of neoplasia or
      pituitary adenomas was found to contain a large amount of molecular material (MW
      ca. 100,000) resulting in factitiously elevated levels of peptide hormones when
      measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay with a long second incubation time.
      The interference by this material with the test system could be avoided by using
      polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the separation of free from bound antigen, or by
      preincubation of the samples with normal rabbit serum. No definite disease
      process can as yet be linked to these findings. They rather seem to be caused by
      the presence of heterophilic antibodies in serum, as the serum of approximately
      one half of the patients was found to give a positive Paul-Bunnell test.
      Moreover, the beta hCG activity in the urine of these patients was low, probably
      as a result of the low clearance of substances with igh MW. It is therefore
      suggested to apply to following diagnostic measures before clinical consequences
      are being considered in a case of hypergonadotropinemia and/or hyperprolactinemia
      without pertinent clinical findings: (1) validation of the immunoassay, (2)
      preincubation of the samples with serum from other species, (3) the use of
      another separation procedure than the double-antibody method, and (4) measurement
      of the respective hormone in urine.

PMID- 6425555
TI  - An experimental study on parenteral nutrition in sepsis: effect of combined
      hypertonic carbohydrates or amino acids infusion on postinjury metabolisms.

PMID- 6425556
TI  - [Possible mechanisms of the development of decompensated diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6425557
TI  - [Manifestations of arteriosclerosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries in
      patients with a history of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6425558
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of ischemic heart disease in alcoholism].

PMID- 6425559
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation-perfusion
      ratios in chronic ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6425560
TI  - A partial benefit:cost analysis of one school health room.
AB  - This study offers a model for apportioning costs and benefits in school health
      services. The activities of one school nurse practitioner in a vocational high
      school are examined.

PMID- 6425561
TI  - Audiologic manifestations in bilateral acoustic tumors (von Recklinghausen's
      disease).
AB  - This report provides a review and discussion of bilateral acoustic tumors (von
      Recklinghausen's Disease) with emphasis on the audiological manifestations. To
      aid in our clinical description of this disease a series of 22 patients are
      summarized and three case reports are presented. The audiometric findings are
      shown to be quite different from what is generally seen in unilateral tumors.
      Because of the significant complications that can be associated with this
      disorder, especially in the later stages, the importance of early detection is
      emphasized. Strategies for audiologic management are also presented.

PMID- 6425562
TI  - Neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6425563
TI  - Malignant soft tissue tumors of nerve sheath origin.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with neurogenic sarcomas treated at Roswell Park Memorial
      Institute (RPMI) during a 10-year period were studied. The mean follow-up is 35.5
      months. A specific nerve of origin could not be identified in 61.3% of patients.
      The most frequent site was the proximal lower extremity (38.7%). The only
      presenting symptom was enlarging mass in 67.7%. There was association with Von
      Recklinghausen's disease in 42% of the cases. Survival was significantly worse in
      tumors with Von Recklinghausen's disease (25.6%) compared to patients with
      solitary malignant schwannomas (50.9%). Twelve of 18 patients who had adequate
      surgical treatment initially remain disease-free, whereas only 2 of 11 patients
      referred following partial excision or recurrence remain disease-free (P less
      than 0.02). Eleven of 18 patients with grade I or II tumor are disease-free,
      whereas 2 of 10 patients with grade III tumor are disease-free (P less than
      0.05). Resection of the sciatic nerve with wide excision is accompanied with a
      good functional result.

PMID- 6425564
TI  - Plasma histaminase activity in carcinoma of the cervix--its clinical
      significance.
AB  - Plasma histaminase activity has been estimated in 79 patients with squamous cell
      carcinoma of the cervix. The mean plasma histaminase value is significantly
      higher in patients than in controls (P less than 0.001). The plasma histaminase
      activity falls significantly following radiotherapy (P less than 0.001).
      Pretreatment plasma histaminase values do not show any correlation with clinical
      stages and the posttreatment values decline significantly but remain higher in
      clinical stages III and IV than in stages I and II. The increased plasma
      histaminase activity also reflects the degree of differentiation within the
      tumor. Further it is noted that the plasma histaminase value is inversely
      proportional to the radiation response. It is suggested that estimation of plasma
      histaminase activity can serve as an important marker in assessing the treatment
      response and monitoring the course of treatment.

PMID- 6425565
TI  - [Antidepressive effects of 3 endogenous monoamines: psychopharmacologic profiles
      of noradrenaline, octopamine and phenethylamine].
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE), octopamine (OA) and phenethylamine (PEA) are easily
      destroyed by M.A.O. but we could show, even injected intraperitoneally that they
      are active upon tests used generally to reveal an "antidepressant" effect. This
      effect is especially studied by using antagonism of apomorphine, reserpine,
      oxotremorine-induced hypothermia. The psychopharmacological spectra of NE and OA
      are close to the one of salbutamol and the observed effects correspond to alpha-
      and beta-adrenergic stimulations. The PEA spectrum is similar to the one of
      amphetamine and the observed effects correspond to adrenergic stimulations and to
      a dopaminergic stimulation. The mechanisms involved in the tests realized to show
      an "antidepressant" effect could reflect an activity not only through endogeneous
      NA but also possibly through endogeneous OA and PEA.

PMID- 6425566
TI  - Utilization of glucose and palmitate during adipose conversion of ob17 cells.
      Modulation by hypolipidemic drugs.
AB  - Cells of the preadipocyte ob17 clonal line convert in culture after confluence to
      adipose-like cells. Longterm effects of hypolipidemic drugs on glucose and
      palmitate utilization by ob17 cells were investigated after chronic exposure to
      one anionic drug (clofenapate) and three cationic drugs (benfluorex and two of
      its metabolites, 422 SE and 1475 SE). The results indicate that long-term
      treatment of ob17 cells by clofenapate and 1475 SE enhances significantly the
      glucose utilization through both increased oxidation and incorporation into
      lipids. Compound 1475 SE enhances palmitate utilization mainly through increased
      oxidation. Chronic exposure to clofenapate leads to an increase in palmitate
      utilization through both oxidation and, as previously shown (Verrando et al.,
      1981), esterification. Thus, these two drugs are able on a long-term basis to
      induce on a single and homogeneous cell type--the adipose cell--an increase in
      the utilisation of two main nutrients both through more active catabolic and
      anabolic pathways.

PMID- 6425567
TI  - [Comparative study of the levels of anticonvulsants and their free fractions in
      venous blood, saliva and capillary blood in man].
AB  - There is a good correlation for the six anticonvulsants studied in mono and
      polytherapy in human serous and capillary blood. Blood can be taken either at the
      vein, or at the finger. The ratio free fraction and saliva/serous blood has given
      for phenobarbital 0.65 (0.52 - 0.83) and 0.30 (0.21 - 0.46), pH 5.9 - 7.5,
      phenytoin 0.11 (0.10 - 0.11) and 0.12 (0.08 - 0.23), primidone 0.81 (0.74 - 0.83)
      and 1.03 (0.88 - 1.11), carbamazepine 0.22 (0.20 - 0.26) and 0.37 (0.30 - 0.50),
      ethosuximide 0.99 (0.81 - 7.01) and 0.95 (0.90 - 1.30), and less than 0.10 for
      valproate levels. In certain conditions, saliva may have a considerable place in
      drug monitoring.

PMID- 6425569
TI  - Reproducibility of the pharmacokinetic-hemodynamic response to nitroglycerin in
      the dog: a model for studying the effects of chronic treatment.
AB  - We studied six dogs to determine the hemodynamic response to and pharmacokinetics
      of intravenous nitroglycerin (i.v. GTN) before and after a five-day treatment
      with placebo ointment. On the first study day, the major hemodynamic response to
      21 micrograms/min i.v. GTN was an 11.4% +/- 5.6 (S.D.) fall in systolic blood
      pressure (SBP) from a control of 180 mmHg +/- 16 to 158 mmHg at 21 micrograms/min
      i.v. GTN. This finding was reproduced (a 12.6% +/- 5.6 fall in SBP) on the second
      study day. On the first day, the relationship between the arterial GTN
      concentration and the infusion rate was linear, the arterial t1/2 for GTN was
      short (1.9 min +/- 0.6) and there was an 80% arterial-venous extraction for GTN;
      these values were unchanged by five days of treatment with placebo. We conclude
      that this model is a sensitive and reproducible system for studying the in vivo
      effects of sustained drug treatment.

PMID- 6425568
TI  - [Comparative antiallergic and anti-inflammatory action of F1865, mepyramine
      maleate, desonide and disodium cromoglycate after cutaneous administration].
AB  - The actions of F 1865 (ethyl 4' methoxy 4 phenyl thiazolyl 2 oxamate), an
      inhibitor of the release of histamine from mast cell, desonide, a corticosteroid,
      mepyramine maleate, an anti-H1 antihistaminic, and disodium cromoglycate were
      compared after cutaneous application in various experimental models of allergy
      and inflammation. F 1865 decreased IgE- and IgG-dependent passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis in rats at doses having no effect on histamine- and serotonin-induced
      capillary permeability. Disodium cromoglycate showed the same activity spectrum,
      but its action was only found after intradermal application. The reduction of
      cutaneous anaphylaxis by desonide was found parallel to its inhibition of
      histamine effects, and to a lesser extent of serotonin effects. In the case of
      mepyramine, the antiallergic effect may be explained by its antihistaminic
      action. Desonide was highly active on cantharidin-induced non-immune inflammation
      and on non-immune and delayed hypersensitivity reactions induced by picryl
      chloride in mouse ear. Although far less active than the corticosteroid, F 1865,
      mepyramine and disodium cromoglycate did reduce the three types of reactions in
      mice. This evidenced a part played by histamine in such inflammations. Then it is
      likely that the inhibition of histamine release by F 1865 plays an important part
      in the effect of the compound observed in the various inflammations studied.
      However we cannot exclude actions against other mediators involved in these
      reactions.

PMID- 6425570
TI  - [Case study of nursing care planning using Roy's adaptation model. 1].

PMID- 6425571
TI  - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. Nursing of aged patients in long-term
      care].

PMID- 6425572
TI  - Cystic hygroma reconsidered: hamartoma or neoplasm? Primary culture of an
      endothelial cell line from a massive cervicomediastinal hygroma with bony
      lymphangiomatosis.
AB  - A young woman presented with massive enlargement of a giant cervicomediastinal
      cystic hygroma, which communicated in part with the thoracic duct and was
      associated with generalized bony lymphangiomatosis. Modern imaging and
      sophisticated intraoperative physiologic monitoring made one-stage resection
      feasible. Tissue culture of explants of the hygroma yielded a primary endothelial
      cell line still surviving after 18 months, which, like the cyst-lining
      endothelium in the original resected specimen, reacted positively for Factor VIII
      associated antigen. These findings, in conjunction with the histologic picture,
      support the notion that cystic hygroma represents an expanding proliferating
      endothelial growth process and not simply a sequestered lymphatic receptacle.

PMID- 6425573
TI  - [Alpha heavy chain disease (apropos of a case with multiple visceral and bone
      manifestations)].

PMID- 6425574
TI  - [Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and the pregnancy-puerperium state. Apropos
      of a case].

PMID- 6425575
TI  - Lowered rates of protein synthesis by mitochondria isolated from organisms of
      increasing age.
AB  - The rate of protein synthesis was measured in isolated mitochondria from
      Drosophila melanogaster and from the livers and kidneys of C57BL/6J mice of
      increasing ages. Over the life-span of the organisms, the synthesis of
      mitochondrial proteins decreased to a level which was less than half the original
      rate. Concomitant with this decrease, the amount of mitochondria which could be
      isolated from the organisms declined by about 30%. Thus, the separate
      translational system of mitochondria exhibited an age-related decrease in
      activity which was in addition to the decrease already observed in the
      cytoplasmic ribosomal system.

PMID- 6425576
TI  - Clinical engineering in Italy: two local experiences.

PMID- 6425577
TI  - Choice of polarisation voltage in polarographic oxygen tension measurement:
      influence of pCO2 and pH of the medium.

PMID- 6425578
TI  - DRG-based case mix and public hospitals.
AB  - The 12 acute care public hospitals in New York City (HHC hospitals) are compared
      with a matched group of nonpublic hospitals (non-HHC hospitals). The following
      questions are considered: using DRGs to define case mix, how does the case mix of
      HHC and non-HHC hospitals differ; to what extent do differences in case mix
      account for differences in average length of stay (ALOS); can factors other than
      case mix be identified that may explain differences in ALOS? Although about one
      half of the 20 most prevalent DRGs are similar in both types of institutions,
      there are clear case mix differences. The higher percentage of abortion,
      psychiatric, and chemical dependence discharges and the lower prevalence of
      surgery in HHC hospitals contribute to this difference. The case load is more
      concentrated in fewer DRGs in HHC hospitals. HHC hospitals treat more patients in
      DRGs with a shorter ALOS, but, on the average, patients in the same DRG stay more
      than 1 day longer in HHC facilities. To some extent, this longer LOS can be
      explained by differences in payor type, primary diagnosis within a DRG, and, most
      important, in the percentage of outlier patients.

PMID- 6425579
TI  - Evaluation of a long-term home care program.
AB  - This article reports the outcomes of a 9-month evaluation of the Five Hospital
      Homebound Elderly Program ( FHHEP ), a model long-term, comprehensive,
      coordinated home care program in Chicago. Outcomes assessed include the
      mortality, comprehensive functional status, and rates of hospitalization and of
      institutionalization of the elderly (mean age, 80.4 years), chronically impaired
      population served by the FHHEP . The evaluation utilized a quasi-experimental,
      preposttest design with a nonequivalent control group consisting of similarly
      elderly and impaired subjects who received OAA Title III-c home-delivered meals.
      Consecutively accepted experimental (n = 122) and control group clients (n = 123)
      were interviewed using the Duke/ OARS Multi-dimensional Functional Assessment
      Questionnaire at the time of acceptance to service and 9 months later. Service
      utilization data were also obtained for both groups to correlate client outcomes
      and characteristics with level and type of services used. Data collection took
      place over a 31-month period. Posttest functional status measures were obtained
      for 83% of experimental and 81% of control subjects. Multivariate analysis was
      used to control measured pretest differences. Major findings include a
      significant reduction in the nursing home admissions (16 vs. 28) and nursing home
      days (including sheltered care) of experimental group clients. The reported
      analyses also show an increase in experimental clients' sense of physical health
      well-being and a decrease in their number of previously unmet needs for community
      services. Somewhat paradoxically, the experimental sample also demonstrated a
      decrease in physical activities of daily living ( PADL ) functioning. The
      mortality and hospitalization rate were equal for both groups. Despite savings in
      nursing home days of care, average per-capita costs for experimental group
      clients were 19% higher than for controls. However, this additional cost was
      accompanied by an increase in quality of life. Longer-range cost and outcomes are
      being assessed through a 4-year follow-up study currently in progress.

PMID- 6425580
TI  - Development of scales to measure satisfaction and preferences regarding long-term
      and terminal care.
AB  - This report describes efforts to develop and test scales for measuring attitudes
      toward the medical care of chronically and terminally ill patients and their
      families. The following satisfaction scales were developed: General Satisfaction,
      Availability of Care, Continuity of Care, Physician Availability, Physician
      Competence, Personal Qualities of Physician, Communication with Physician,
      Involvement of Patient and Family in Treatment Decisions, Freedom from Pain, and
      Pain Control. Preference scales were developed to measure preference for home
      care and preference for physician decisions. These scales were tested in two
      independent study samples: Home Care Study subjects--patients and their
      caretakers enrolled in a trial to evaluate a new method of home care for
      chronically and terminally ill homebound patients; and Terminal Care Study
      subjects--surviving relatives of a random sample of cancer patients who died. The
      internal consistency, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of each
      scale were assessed by means of item-total correlations, Cronbach 's alpha, and
      comparison with other questionnaire items. The results supported the use of
      several scales in their original form. Recommendations are made for appropriate
      modifications in the remaining scales.

PMID- 6425581
TI  - State rate-setting programs. Do they reward efficiency in hospitals?

PMID- 6425582
TI  - [Pleuropulmonary involvement as the only manifestation of Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia].

PMID- 6425583
TI  - [Hypothyroidism secondary to prolonged treatment with lithium carbonate].

PMID- 6425584
TI  - [Does fasting influence the function of the hypophysis?].

PMID- 6425585
TI  - [Acquired Von Willebrand's disease. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 6425586
TI  - ["Dementia" and Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6425587
TI  - [Place of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the prostate].

PMID- 6425588
TI  - Antiepileptic effects of amphetamine may require GABA (benzodiazepine) activity.
AB  - Secondary components of visual evoked potentials (slow negative wave-SNW, and
      photically-evoked sensory after discharge-SAD) are known to be precursors of
      experimentally activated wave-spike discharges, similar to wave-spikes of petit
      mal epilepsy. Both SNW and SAD may be potently suppressed either by amphetamine
      or GABAergic compounds such as diazepam and sodium valproate. A hypothesis was
      tested in the present study, that amphetamine-induced suppression of wave-spike
      discharges may require GABA-benzodiazepine activity for its expression.
      Electrocortical activity was recorded and averaged in unrestrained albino rats
      with chronically implanted epicortical electrodes. SNW and SAD obtained in
      habituated rats in the predrug state were potently suppressed by amphetamine (1
      mg/kg, i.p.). Fifteen minutes after amphetamine injection, a challenging drug
      (metrazol, picrotoxin, convulsant benzodiazepine, Ro 5-3663, or imidazodiazepine,
      Ro 15-1788) was administered intraperitoneally. Subconvulsive doses of metrazol
      (10 mg/kg) reversed amphetamine suppression; imidazodiazepine (20 mg/kg) and
      picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) reliably opposed the SNW suppression; convulsant
      benzodiazepine, Ro 5-3663 (2 mg/kg), showed modest and nonsignificant effect in
      the same direction. It is proposed that the antiepileptic potency of amphetamine
      may be associated with its ability, apparently via modulatory effect of
      norepinephrine, to facilitate the activation of benzodiazepine-GABA receptors.

PMID- 6425589
TI  - A comparison of the LH-releasing activities of LH-RH and its agonistic analogue
      buserelin in the ovariectomized rat.
AB  - LH-RH and the potent agonistic analogue (D-Ser(But)6-des-Gly10)-LH-RH(1-9)
      ethylamide (HOE-766 or buserelin) were at several doses either infused or
      injected intravenously in 5-weeks-ovariectomized rats, which had been treated
      with either 3 micrograms estradiol-benzoate (EB) or with oil, 24 h previously.
      Blood samples for assay of LH were taken during the subsequent 24 h. Pituitary
      glands were removed at the end of the experiments. Buserelin, when infused, was
      slightly more effective than LH-RH on releasing LH. When injected, however,
      buserelin was at the higher dose ranges increasingly more effective as an LH
      releasing agent than LH-RH. EB-treatment increased the LH response of the
      pituitary gland to both peptides in an identical way. It was concluded that
      buserelin derives its high potency not from its intrinsic LH-releasing activity,
      which is only slightly greater than that of LH-RH, but from a longer duration of
      action.

PMID- 6425590
TI  - Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids in L cells stimulated by
      antibody.
AB  - Binding antibodies to surface membranes stimulated incorporation of fatty acids
      (FA) into phospholipids of L cells. Antibodies stimulated at least a 3.4-fold
      greater incorporation of arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol than into any
      other class of phospholipid when compared on a molar basis (p less than 0.003).
      This enhanced incorporation was selective, depending on the character of the FA,
      because antibodies stimulated the incorporation of arachidonic acid at least 2.4
      fold more than oleic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid (p less than 0.001).
      Surprisingly, an antibody-stimulated incorporation of palmitic acid into
      sphingomyelin (SM) was at least 2.2-fold greater than that into any other class
      of phospholipid (p less than 0.001) and the antibody-stimulated incorporation of
      palmitic acid into SM was at least 60-fold greater than that of arachidonic acid,
      stearic or oleic acid (p less than 0.001). Nontoxic doses of ethylenediamine
      tetraacetic acid (EDTA), dexamethasone, 4-bromophenacylbromide and indomethacin
      inhibited the antibody-stimulated incorporation of arachidonic acid into cellular
      phospholipids, principally phosphatidylinositol (PI), and similarly inhibited the
      antibody stimulation of DNA synthesis. We conclude that when antibody binds to
      surface antigens on L cells, a rapid and selective incorporation of fatty acids
      into certain cellular phospholipids occurs, possibly mediated by calcium
      dependent phospholipases. Degradation products of arachidonic acid, i.e.,
      prostaglandins, may be important in these antibody stimulation events, as well.
      These early changes in phospholipid metabolism may serve as an important signal
      or mechanism for the subsequent stimulation of DNA synthesis in L cells.

PMID- 6425592
TI  - MCN keys to research. Knowledge development.

PMID- 6425591
TI  - Boarding a sibling on a pediatric unit.

PMID- 6425593
TI  - Prostaglandin inhibitors for primary dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 6425594
TI  - A discharge tool for teaching parents to monitor infant apnea at home.

PMID- 6425595
TI  - Squatting: an alternate position for the second stage of labor.

PMID- 6425596
TI  - Managing scoliosis: fashions for the body and mind.

PMID- 6425597
TI  - Acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy.

PMID- 6425598
TI  - Monitoring diabetic children's blood-glucose levels at home.

PMID- 6425599
TI  - Primary prevention in a camp setting.

PMID- 6425600
TI  - Physical assessment by MCH nurses for better health care.

PMID- 6425601
TI  - PKU alert.

PMID- 6425602
TI  - Computer controlled automated reading of blood groups using microplates.

PMID- 6425603
TI  - Binding interaction between human factor VIII and hepatitis B surface antigen.

PMID- 6425604
TI  - [Carbon dioxide baths].

PMID- 6425605
TI  - [Genetic analysis of the resistance to tumor development in an inbred strain of
      rats].

PMID- 6425606
TI  - [Immunological and morphological studies in experimental Chagas' disease in
      mice].

PMID- 6425607
TI  - Potentiation of 14C-glucose oxidation by priming glucose loads: effect of
      starvation.
AB  - The mechanism of the Staub-Traugott effect or facilitated glucose disposal after
      successive glucose loads has remained elusive. In earlier publications, we have
      shown it can be independent of circulating hormone and free fatty acid levels. We
      have also proposed that it might partially depend on the rapid induction of
      glycolytic pathways, which are known to be depressed by prolonged fast. Mature
      rats were given 1.75 gm/kg glucose doses intravenously at 60-minute intervals.
      Respiratory CO2 was collected at 15-minute intervals over a 120-minute period
      following administration of the carrier glucose plus 6 microCi/100 gm rat weight
      of 14C-D-glucose, given either as the first, second, or third challenge. In rats
      fasted 14 hours there was potentiation of labeled CO2 recovered after each
      successive load. After three days of starvation, both relative 14C-glucose
      oxidation to 14CO2 as well as absolute 14CO2 increments after each load were
      lower. The changes in relative oxidation of an intravenous glucose load might
      partly account for the facilitated disposal of blood glucose seen in the second
      and third hours in overnight-fasted rats (Staub-Traugott effect). However,
      although rats fasted for three days had suppressed the Staub effect, the
      increments in oxidation were attenuated but still present, suggesting that
      alterations of other pathways must participate in the disappearance of this
      effect after fasting.

PMID- 6425608
TI  - Partial substitution of amino acids of a parenteral solution with tripeptides:
      effects on parameters of protein nutrition in baboons.
AB  - We previously showed that triglycine and trileucine are efficiently utilized when
      infused intravenously (IV) in baboons who are fed a complete diet orally. In the
      present experiments we investigated the utilization of these tripeptides in the
      context of total parenteral nutrition. A group of subhuman primates (baboon) was
      subjected sequentially to two forms of total parenteral nutrition, each for a
      period of six days. The only difference between the two periods was that in one,
      all amino acids were given in free form, and in the other, the glycine and
      leucine components of the amino acid mixture were replaced with triglycine and
      trileucine, respectively. During both experimental periods the infusion solution
      provided daily 100 calories/kg body weight and 2.5 g amino acids/kg body weight.
      There were no significant differences between nitrogen balance, plasma amino acid
      concentrations, or urinary excretion of amino acids for the two forms of
      parenteral nutrition. The only exceptions were a greater plasma concentration of
      isoleucine and a greater urinary excretion of leucine during infusion of the
      partial peptide solution. Assimilation of triglycine and trileucine under the
      conditions of total parenteral nutrition was assessed by determining
      concentrations of these peptides in plasma and urine. Trileucine was not found in
      plasma, and only 1.8% of the amount of trileucine infused appeared as trileucine
      and dileucine in urine. Triglycine was detected in plasma and 17.1% of the amount
      of triglycine infused was excreted in urine as triglycine and diglycine. These
      data suggest that assimilation of trileucine and triglycine under the conditions
      of our experiment was sufficiently efficient to meet the daily need for an
      essential amino acid (leucine) and for nitrogen (glycine).

PMID- 6425609
TI  - Sulfur amino acid metabolism in juvenile-onset nonketotic and ketotic diabetic
      patients.
AB  - Sulfur amino acid metabolism was studied in non-fasting nonketotic and ketotic
      juvenile-onset diabetic children and the results were compared to age-matched
      healthy children on an ordinary diet. An increased excretion of total sulfur and
      inorganic sulfate was found in diabetic children, probably a result of a
      decreased protein-serum synthesis and/or increased endogenous protein catabolism,
      although as a result of hyperglycemia a decreased tubular reabsorption may also
      have contributed. All diabetics showed a normal excretion of methionine. For
      cyst(e)ine and taurine an increased excretion was seen in ketotic diabetics,
      probably also a consequence of an increased endogenous protein degradation. As a
      sign of the latter, an increased output of 3-methylhistidine was also observed, a
      confirmation of earlier reports. The increased output of mercaptolactate and
      mercaptoacetate found in ketotic patients, was probably also a result of enhanced
      endogenous protein degradation. An increased urinary excretion of N
      acetylcysteine was seen in diabetic children, which may reflect an enhanced
      availability to acetyl coenzyme A.

PMID- 6425610
TI  - Effect of parenteral nutrition on muscle amino acid output and 3-methylhistidine
      excretion in septic patients.
AB  - The effects of adequate total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nitrogen excretion,
      urea N percentage, 3-methylhistidine excretion, and leg amino acid output, were
      studied during the ten-day period following abdominal surgery for generalized
      peritonitis in nine patients. The first two postoperative days were without
      nutritional intake, TPN was started on the third postoperative day (57 cal/KgBW-
      40% as Intralipid--0.30 g of N/KgBW). Leg amino acid outputs were done before TPN
      (DO), then two days (D2) and eight days (D8) after TPN. Total nitrogen and urea N
      percentage did not significantly differ before and after TPN. Between DO and D2
      there was a significant reduction of urinary 3-methylhistidine (467 +/- 37 to 280
      +/- 29 mumol/24 h-P less than 0.001) and leg amino acid release (604 +/- 103 to
      254 +/- 87 nmol/mn/100 g of calf muscle--P less than 0.01) reflecting reduction
      in muscle hypercatabolism despite the persistence of the septic state. Between D2
      and D8, 3-methylhistidine remained stable while leg amino acid release continued
      to decrease (254 +/- 87 to 68 +/- 40 nmol/mn/100 g--P less than 0.05). This
      association suggests an increased muscle protein synthesis. A closer examination
      of the clinical evolution of these patients, especially concerning their septic
      evolution, shows that only improved patients with recovery from sepsis increased
      their muscle protein synthesis. Thus, in septic hypercatabolic patients TPN seems
      to be able to reduce muscle catabolism while the increase in protein synthesis is
      mainly the consequence of recovery from the septic state. In such patients TPN
      should be used as a preventive therapeutic measure.

PMID- 6425611
TI  - The metabolic response and problems with nutritional support in acute tetanus.
AB  - Thirteen patients with severe tetanus were studied in the first and second week
      of illness in order to assess metabolic changes and nutritional requirements.
      Nine required muscular paralysis and subsequent assisted ventilation in order to
      control spasms. Symptoms and signs of sympathetic overactivity were especially
      common in the latter groups with a fourfold increase in urinary adrenaline and
      noradrenaline excretion. Other hormonal and metabolic abnormalities included
      hyperglycemia, mildly elevated insulin concentrations with no significant rise in
      cortisol, and glucagon. Evidence of excessive protein catabolism was obtained
      particularly during the second week of illness, mean urinary nitrogen excretion
      being 20.5 +/- 13.8 g/d. Maintenance of nutrient homeostasis proved impossible
      with conventional enteral-feeding techniques: high-density feeds exacerbated
      hyperglycemia and diarrhea; low-density feeds were unable to maintain nitrogen
      balance (-12.34 g/d in ventilated patients, second week). The results indicate
      that loss of lean body mass is inevitable in such patients unless the metabolic
      response can be suppressed or more aggressive forms of nutritional support (eg,
      total parenteral nutrition including sufficient insulin to maintain
      normoglycemia) are employed.

PMID- 6425612
TI  - Optimal pH conditions for ion exchangers on macroporous supports.

PMID- 6425613
TI  - Purification and characterization of the amine dehydrogenase from a facultative
      methylotroph.
AB  - Strain RA-6 is a pink-pigmented organism which can grow on a variety of
      substrates including methylamine. It can utilize methylamine as sole source of
      carbon via an isocitrate lyase negative serine pathway. Methylamine grown cells
      contain an inducible primary amine dehydrogenase [primary amine: (acceptor)
      oxidoreductase (deaminating)] which is not present in succinate grown cells. The
      amine dehydrogenase was purified to over 90% homogeneity. It is an acidic protein
      (isoelectric point of 5.37) with a molecular weight of 118,000 containing
      subunits with approximate molecular weights of 16,500 and 46,000. It is active on
      an array of primary terminal amines and is strongly inhibited by carbonyl
      reagents. Cytochrome c or artificial electron acceptors are required for
      activity; neither NAD nor NADP can serve as primary electron acceptor.

PMID- 6425614
TI  - Respiratory physiology during labour.

PMID- 6425615
TI  - Pepsin-immunoregulation hypothesis.
AB  - Pepsin exists in macrophages. Phagocytosis of foreign materials increases pepsin
      activity in macrophages and also causes extracellular release of pepsin from
      macrophages. Pepsin enhances antibody production by spleen cells against
      heterologous materials and suppresses that against homologous materials. Pepsin
      selectively decomposes immune complexes at neutral pH, and intravenous pepsin
      ameliorates symptoms in autoimmune disease models, such as immune complex
      glomerulonephritis in MRL/l mice and SLE-like syndromes of NZB/W F1 mice. These
      results prompted us to propose a "pepsin-immunoregulation hypothesis", according
      to which pepsin acts as a regulating factor in the immune system.

PMID- 6425616
TI  - Epilepsy. 2. Treatment.

PMID- 6425617
TI  - Health in the workplace.
AB  - General good health and the prevention of specific "non-occupational" disease, in
      addition to protection against occupational disease and injury, are already part
      of the aim and function of occupational health services. They are justified, if
      at all, mostly on the grounds of intangible benefits the virtue of which is not
      questioned. Concern over health costs and financial constraints are forcing
      industry to justify health expenditure. Yet, the health programmes can be
      justified, and industry has some obligation to adopt them.

PMID- 6425618
TI  - Prevention of congenital rubella infection.

PMID- 6425619
TI  - [Electrophoretic and electrophoretic-chromatographic picture in diseases of
      defective renal transport of amino acids with particular reference to personal
      cases].

PMID- 6425620
TI  - [Prevention of cysteine calculosis by the continuous administration of alpha
      mercaptopropionylglycine].

PMID- 6425621
TI  - Chelation therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. An appraisal.

PMID- 6425622
TI  - Rubella and congenital rubella--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6425623
TI  - Behavioral risk-factor prevalence survey--United States, fourth quarter 1982.

PMID- 6425624
TI  - Shigellosis in day-care centers--Washington, 1983.

PMID- 6425625
TI  - Prevention and control of influenza.

PMID- 6425626
TI  - Lung cancer and breast cancer trends among women--Texas.

PMID- 6425627
TI  - Update: Lyme disease--United States.

PMID- 6425628
TI  - U.S.-manufactured pentamidine isethionate cleared for investigational use.

PMID- 6425629
TI  - Update: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine usage--United States.

PMID- 6425630
TI  - Coxsackievirus B5 meningitis--Texas, 1983.

PMID- 6425631
TI  - Datura poisoning from hamburger -- Canada.

PMID- 6425632
TI  - Measles--United States, first 17 weeks, 1984.

PMID- 6425633
TI  - [In vitro method determining sensitivity of anticancer agents by incorporation of
      radioactive precursors].
AB  - A new sensitivity test of anticancer agents was developed to measure the lethal
      effects of cancer cells by the incorporation of radioactive precursors. The
      thousand cancer cells were cultured in a microplate in the presence of anticancer
      agents. These cells were exposed to radioactive precursors. Two or three days
      later, the cancer cells were harvested on a glass fiber filter by a multiple
      automatic cell-harvester and the incorporation of precursors was counted by a
      liquid scintillation counter. In this study, the in vivo results of drug testing
      in animal model systems were compared with drug sensitivities. Mice inoculated
      Ehrlich ascites cells were treated with various kinds of anticancer drugs. The
      development of the cells was compatible with the result of the sensitivity test.
      The growths of Lauson and ME-180 cells derived from human cancers implanted
      subcutaneously to nude mice were also well correlated with this sensitivity test.

PMID- 6425634
TI  - [Nutritional assessment of patients with esophageal cancer. "Nutritional
      Assessment Index (NAI)" to estimate nutritional conditions in pre-and
      postoperative period].
AB  - We studied on 66 patients with esophageal cancer with preoperative enteral
      hyperalimentation by elemental diet, comparing with 64 patients without it, and
      the following results were obtained; Items such as TP, Alb, etc. in surviving
      patients, as well as those who died within 3 months, were worse immediately
      before operation than those at the time of admission when neither TPN nor ED was
      yet in use. In 35 of 66 patients, there were significant differences between the
      patients with or without postoperative complications, and who were died after
      surgery, in arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF), arm muscle
      circumference (AMC), albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), retinol-binding protein
      (RBP) and PPD skin test. From the studies of about 60 items with the computer,
      the index as follow were obtained. Nutritional Assessment Index (NAI) = 2.64 AC +
      0.6 PA + 3.76 RBP + 0.017 PPD - 53.8 Nutritional status of the patients was
      divided retrospectively broadly to three groups, good (NAI greater than or equal
      to 60), intermediate (60 greater than NAI greater than or equal to 40), and poor
      (40 greater than NAI) in preoperative period. The incidence of postoperative
      complications and mortality rates were reflected significantly in NAI. NAI would
      be useful to know prospectively the probability of all kinds of postoperative
      complications as well as estimating the nutritional assessment.

PMID- 6425635
TI  - [Experimental studies on continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion in the
      treatment for peritoneal metastases of cancer].
AB  - As a preliminary study to apply thermotherapy or thermochemotherapy to the
      treatment of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer, a continuous
      hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) was carried out for the experimental
      peritoneal dissemination of Donryu rats inoculated with AH100B ascitic hepatoma
      cells (AH100B cells). Firstly, the cytotoxicity of heat on AH100B cells was
      studied. No cytotoxicity was observed at 37 degrees C, but mild cytotoxicity was
      noted at 41.5 degrees C, and marked rise in cytotoxicity was seen at 42.5 degrees
      C. These cytotoxicity increased with addition to Mitomycin C and prolongation of
      the heating time. Next, on the 1st, 5th and 10th day after inoculation of AH100B
      cells, the Donryu rats were treated as follows: Group 1; CHPP (37 degrees C for 1
      hr), Group 2; CHPP (41.5 degrees C for 1 hr), Group 3; (42.5 degrees C for 1 hr),
      Group 4; CHPP (41.5 degrees C for 1 hr)+MMC 1 mg/kg (intraperitoneal
      administration immediately after completion of CHPP). Group 5; MMC 1 mg/kg
      (intraperitoneal administration). Death within 48 hours after perfusion occurred
      in one rat of the 41.5 degrees C perfusion group and 14 rats of the 42.5 degrees
      C perfusion group. Comparison of the survival time on these groups showed the
      most remarkable life-prolonging effect in CHPP (41.5 degrees C)+MMC group. On the
      basis of the results of this study, the CHPP method combined with anti-cancer
      chemotherapy is considered to be an useful treatment for peritoneal dissemination
      of cancer.

PMID- 6425636
TI  - [Effect of various reconstructions of biliary tract upon secretion of gastric
      acid and gastrointestinal hormones in dogs].
AB  - Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the effect of various
      biliary tract reconstructions upon the secretion of gastric acid and
      gastrointestinal hormones. Jejunal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy with a
      short jejunal segment (Group-I), jejunal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy
      with a long jejunal segment (Group-II), and Roux-en-Y cholecystojejunostomy
      (Group-III) were constructed in seventeen Heidenhain pouch dogs. Peptic ulcer was
      only observed in 2 out of 7 dogs of Group-III. Although food-stimulated gastric
      acid output did not differ significantly in all the groups, the amount of gastric
      acid reached a peak much later and remained elevated in Group-III compared with
      that in other groups. The changes in plasma gastrin, gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide and total glucagon are regarded to be affected by the length of the
      jejunum excluded from the stream of chyme and the direct contact of the jejunum
      with bile. It is concluded that the pattern of acid secretion is more important
      than its volume for the mechanism of peptic ulceration in Roux-en-Y
      cholecystojejunostomy.

PMID- 6425637
TI  - [Clinical factors relating to the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis
      following open heart surgery].
AB  - A retrospective study of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) has been made of 168
      patients who had open-heart surgery between 1978 and 1981 at the Nagasaki
      University Hospital. The criteria of PTH was defined as an elevation of SGPT over
      50 units with more than 2 weeks duration that occurred later than 3 weeks after
      the transfusion. PTH developed in 27 of the 168 patients (16%) and 26 of them
      were of the non-A, non-B type. The statistical analysis of these patients
      demonstrated that the following clinical factors significantly increased the
      incidence of PTH subsequent to open-heart surgery: (1) Use of plasma
      fractionating products made from pooled plasma, such as PPSB (p less than 0.001).
      (2) A large amount of blood and blood component transfusion (over 21 units, p
      less than 0.01). (3) Prolongation of the operation time (more than 330 minutes, p
      less than 0.05), cardiopulmonary bypass time (more than 90 minutes, p less than
      0.05) and aortic cross-clamping time (more than 45 minutes, p less than 0.01),
      and (4) Surgery for cardiac lesions with left heart overloads (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6425638
TI  - [Effect of islet isograft on diabetes in pancreatectomized rat--long term
      comparative studies between outbred and inbred animals].
AB  - A reproducible model of a diabetic state was produced after resecting more than
      90% of pancreatic tissue in Wistar strain male rat (outbred and inbred group). Of
      a total of 10 animals of outbred group, 6 animals illustrated a blood glucose
      level over 250 mg/dl in an earlier stage after an injection of 1500 islets into
      the portal vein. However, in 4 of them blood glucose levels were maintained
      within normal limit until 4 months. On the other hand, 5 inbred rats in which 500
      600 islets were injected demonstrated reversal of diabetes within 1 week after
      the injection and the effect of the transplantation lasted until about 6 months.
      A morphometric analysis using 1190 serial histological sections of the control
      rat pancreas showed that the islet distribution accorded satisfactorily with
      Weibull or Gamma distribution. The estimated values of size and number of the
      islet were 0.0155 mm and 131.2/mm3, respectively, while volume ratio of splenic
      and gastric segments or parabiliary and duodenal segments was estimated to be
      1.45 or 0.98%, respectively. The mean size of the isolated islets under
      dissecting microscope reached 0.080 mm and 500 of them were equivalent to about
      10% volume fraction in a whole control pancreas. In the inbred group a
      transplanted animal contained about 17% of islet volume as compared with control
      animal.

PMID- 6425639
TI  - [Effect of fat emulsion (intralipid) on essential fatty acid deficiency during
      total parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients. Part 1. Experimental study].
AB  - Experimental studies were performed to confirm the effect of TPN with and without
      fat emulsion, Intralipid, on fat metabolism in weanling rats and puppies. Long
      term fat-free TPN induced essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in weanling rats
      and the intravenous fat emulsion which accounted for 10% of the total caloric
      intake could prevent EFA deficiency. In the long-term TPN in growing puppies,
      fatfree TPN and induced EFA deficiency within two weeks, and Intralipid which
      accounted for 4% of the total caloric intake (2% as linoleate) satisfied the EFA
      requirement.

PMID- 6425640
TI  - [Effect of fat emulsion (intralipid) on essential fatty acid deficiency during
      total parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients. Part 2. Clinical study].
AB  - Thirteen infants who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in four different
      ways were studied in order to determine the essential fatty acid (EFA)
      requirement in pediatric TPN. The serum fatty acid composition of the infants who
      received fat-free TPN showed EFA deficiency within one week. This deficiency was
      cured by administering fat emulsion which accounted for 4% of the total caloric
      content of the infusate. Fat emulsion which accounted for 2% of the total
      calories neither improved nor prevented EFA deficiency. This means that
      intravenous fat emulsion, Intralipid, which accounted for 2% of the total
      calories as linoleic acid, still satisfies the EFA requirement.

PMID- 6425641
TI  - [Experimental studies on pancreatic islet xenotransplantation--effect of
      irradiation on xenografts survival].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of Total Body
      Irradiation (TBI) and Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI) on pancreatic islet
      xenografts survival. Wistar rats rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of
      streptozotocin were used as recipients. Golden hamsters were used as islet
      donors. Pancreatic islets were isolated by the collagenase digestion method.
      Twelve hundred islet were transplanted into the portal vein of diabetic rats. In
      untreated controls, the mean graft survival time was 2.9 +/- 0.6 days (n = 7). In
      TBI of 400 rad treated group, three out of 9 recipients accepted islet xenografts
      for more than 80 days. TLI of 1200 rad also significantly prolonged graft
      survival period (30.3 +/- 11.7 days, n = 7, p less than 0.01). Rat anti-hamster
      lymphocytotoxic antibody titers began to rise on the second day after islets
      xenografting in untreated and TLI of 400 rad treated recipients. While, elevation
      of cytotoxic antibody titers was completely suppressed in spite of occurrence of
      the rejection in TLI of 800 and 1200 rad treated recipients. This may indicate
      that xenograft rejection in TLI of 800 and 1200rad treated recipients was
      mediated by cellular immunity rather than humoral immunity.

PMID- 6425642
TI  - [X-ray analysis of pepsin. VI. Atomic structure of the enzyme at 2-angstrom
      resolution].
AB  - The crystallographic refinement of pepsin structure at 2 A resolution is
      described. Real space refinement and Jack and Levitt methods were used. As a
      result, the refined atomic coordinates of 2436 nonhydrogen atoms were obtained.
      Values of crystallographic R-factor and conformational energy are 29.2% and -1347
      kcal/mol correspondingly. The most important and interesting features of pepsin
      structure are discussed.

PMID- 6425643
TI  - [Energy migration in phycobilisomes].
AB  - Fluorescence emission and polarization spectra of the phycobilisomes (PBS) of the
      blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum were measured at 20, -73 and -196 degrees C while
      exciting at the absorption maximum of each pigment in the PBS. The emission
      spectra were deconvoluted into a number of Gaussian components and energy
      migration coefficients and quantum yields of fluorescence for the 8 forms of the
      phycobilins constituting the PBS were calculated. The overlap integrals and the
      critical and real distances for the energy transfer in the donor-acceptor pairs
      were evaluated. The general scheme of the energy transfer in the PBS is proposed
      according to which there is a homogeneous energy migration within each pigment
      form and a following effective heterogeneous migration directed from the short
      wavelength forms via the intermediate ones to the terminal long wavelength
      acceptors. The transfer passes one or more steps of the energy "staircase" which
      is formed by the excited levels of the forms. The backward "uphill" energy
      transfer does not take place. These data and the estimates of the real distances
      of the energy transfer allowed us to make a conclusion on the regular arrangement
      of the pigments in the PBS, to determine the distances between the chromophores
      and their localization in a pigment molecule and the distances between the
      chromophores of different pigments and thus to specify the structure of the PBS.

PMID- 6425644
TI  - [Allelic exclusion in hybridomas. I. Isolation and properties of a hybrid clone
      producing two allelic variants of light chain immunoglobulins in the rat].
AB  - Expression of RI-1a and RI-1b allelic genes controlling the production of rat lg
      kappa L-chains by hybridoma cells in vitro was studied. By fusing mouse myeloma
      cells with RI-1a/RI-1b heterozygous rat splenocytes the unique cloned hybrid cell
      line secreting both allelic variants has been established. This line may have
      appeared because cell hybridization made it possible to fix the rare case of
      correct rearrangement of the kappa chain gene segments on both homologous
      chromosomes.

PMID- 6425645
TI  - Variable-region sequences of five human lambda-chain proteins reacting with an
      idiotypic antibody to the MCG Bence-Jones protein.
AB  - An antibody to the V-region of BJ protein MCG has been used to detect other human
      lambda-chains with similar idiotypic specificities. Five such proteins have been
      found and sequenced. They show relatively strong sequence homologies to some
      segments of the MCG V-region. The results of this study indicate that L-chains
      which contain short segments of their V-regions that are identical can be readily
      detected by the use of appropriate antisera.

PMID- 6425646
TI  - Essential structural requirements for triggering of mast cells by a synthetic
      peptide comprising a sequence in the C epsilon 4 domain of human IgE.
AB  - A range of synthetic analogues of the peptides Lys-Thr-Lys-Gly-Ser-Gly-Phe-Phe
      Val-PheNH2 (human IgE epsilon-chain 497-506 decapeptide) and Lys-Thr-Lys-Gly-Ser
      Gly-Phe-PheNH2 (epsilon-chain 497-504 octapeptide) were tested for activity as
      releasers of 5-hydroxytryptamine from rat peritoneal mast cells. The following
      structural modifications were found to abrogate activity: N-acetylation of the
      alpha-amino group of the N-terminal lysine residue; substitution of the two
      lysine residues by either serine or glutamine; depletion of the two C-terminal
      hydrophobic residues (Val-Phe) of the decapeptide; and substitution of
      phenylalanine by alanine in the C-terminal position of the octapeptide. These
      observations point to a requirement for positively charged amino acids and
      hydrophobic amino acids at the N- and C-terminus respectively for triggering of
      mast cells by these short-chain peptides. Releasing activity was also found to
      depend on the stereospecific conformation of the positively charged region, since
      substitution of L-isomeric amino acids by D-isomeric forms in the three N
      terminal positions of the decapeptide led to loss of potency. Inactive analogues
      of the decapeptide and octapeptide, at concns up to 10(-4) M, failed to
      antagonise the mediator-releasing effects of the active decapeptide at concns of
      3 X 10(-6) - 10(-4) M.

PMID- 6425647
TI  - Gamma interferon interferes with the negative regulation of macrophage activation
      by prostaglandin E2.
AB  - Activation of mouse macrophages for tumor cell killing is negatively regulated by
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The effect of this hormone is to shut off cytolytic
      activity that is expressed as a consequence of activation. A lymphokine in the
      culture supernates of concanavalin A stimulated spleen cells has been shown to
      change the sensitivity of activated macrophages to the negative regulatory
      effects of PGE2, thereby maintaining activation, as manifested by the continued
      expression of tumor cell killing by these cells. Using a highly specific
      polyclonal antiserum and gamma interferon produced either by a T-cell hybridoma
      or by recombinant DNA technology we show here that one lymphokine responsible for
      mediating the maintenance effect is gamma interferon.

PMID- 6425649
TI  - [Critical questions on data protection].

PMID- 6425648
TI  - [Data protection in the field of public health].

PMID- 6425650
TI  - [Data protection and confidentiality problems of medical data for health care and
      research].

PMID- 6425651
TI  - [Data protection from the viewpoint of the "data provider": insurance
      physicians].

PMID- 6425652
TI  - [Review of antidepressive agents].

PMID- 6425653
TI  - [Cardiologic highlights, 4. A cardiologic mystery. Prevention of sudden heart
      death].

PMID- 6425654
TI  - [Helminth diagnosis, 3].

PMID- 6425655
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Laxative colon].

PMID- 6425656
TI  - [Blood lipids and myocardial infarct. Correlation between lipoprotein patterns
      and coronary heart disease confirmed].

PMID- 6425657
TI  - [Epidemiology of coronary risk factors].

PMID- 6425658
TI  - [Epidemiology of risk factors for coronary heart disease in the aged].

PMID- 6425659
TI  - [Is defensive medicine detrimental to progress in orthopedic surgery?].

PMID- 6425660
TI  - [A progressive psychosyndrome without symptoms of cerebral lesions. Case reports
      of a 39-year-old patient and a 60-year-old patient].

PMID- 6425661
TI  - [Localized adynamic ileus of the large intestine].

PMID- 6425662
TI  - [Prinzmetal angina caused by dihydroergotamine. Acute event in the
      catheterization of an atrial septal defect].

PMID- 6425663
TI  - [Rosemary oil bath additive. Proof of effectiveness].

PMID- 6425665
TI  - [Cardiologic spotlights, 5. Risk factor intervention: build on sand?].

PMID- 6425664
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Atypical bronchial adenoma].

PMID- 6425666
TI  - [The physician and the law. Forming a diagnosis and patient education (1)].

PMID- 6425667
TI  - [Psycho-oncology].

PMID- 6425668
TI  - [Informing patients in the advanced stage of cancer].

PMID- 6425669
TI  - [Problems and conflicts of the oncologist and his assistants].

PMID- 6425670
TI  - [Psychosocial work at a cancer service. Report of experiences from general
      practice].

PMID- 6425671
TI  - [Sexual problems of cancer patients].

PMID- 6425672
TI  - [Psychosocial problems in the rehabilitation of cured patients].

PMID- 6425673
TI  - [Family of the cancer patient].

PMID- 6425674
TI  - [Outside methods. Cytoplasmic therapy of malignant tumors with macromolecular
      organ extracts].

PMID- 6425675
TI  - [The oncologic emergency. Surgical therapy of ascites, including tumor ascites].

PMID- 6425676
TI  - [Is intravenous oxygen therapy defensible? Reflections on 2 cases with severe
      side effects of such treatment].

PMID- 6425677
TI  - [Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma].

PMID- 6425678
TI  - [Effectiveness of buflomedil in arterial occlusive disease. Modification of
      transcutaneous oxygen pressure in a placebo-controlled double-blind study].

PMID- 6425679
TI  - Exposure to low concentrations of mutagens alters the mutagenic and lethal
      effects of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and mitomycin C in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mitomycin C and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide are two mutagens which can induce the
      SOS DNA repair system in Escherichia coli. Growth of E. coli B/r strain WP2, or
      its uvrA- derivative, in very low concentrations of either mutagen led to the
      increased sensitization to the lethal and/or mutagenic effects of a subsequent
      challenge with the same mutagen. These phenomena were not observed in either the
      recA- or lexA- derivatives of the parent strain. Induction of the adaptive
      response repair pathway by prior cultivation in low concentrations of N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine reduced both the mutagenic and lethal effects of a
      subsequent challenge with mitomycin C but not 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide.

PMID- 6425680
TI  - Induction of male recombination in Drosophila melanogaster by chemical treatment.
AB  - Acridine orange (AO), ethidium bromide (EB), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and 8-
      ethoxycaffeine ( EOC ) were fed to larvae of Drosophila melanogaster in order to
      test their capacity for the induction of meiotic recombination in males. Our
      results show that AO and EB increase significantly the male recombination
      frequencies. No relationship between chromosome breakage ability and male
      recombination induction was found since EMS and EOC , two effective chromosome
      breaking agents, were unable to increase the male recombination.

PMID- 6425681
TI  - Influence of caffeine and 3-aminobenzamide in G2 on the frequency of chromosomal
      aberrations induced by thiotepa, mitomycin C and N-methyl-N-nitro-N'
      nitrosoguanidine in human lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of post-treatments with caffeine in G2 on the frequency of
      chromosomal aberrations induced by thiotepa, mitomycin C and N-methyl-N-nitro-N'
      nitrosoguanidine were studied in human lymphocytes. Caffeine was found to
      potentiate the frequency of chromatid aberrations induced by all 3 S-dependent
      agents tested; the most striking enhancement being obtained when caffeine was
      present during the last 1.5 h before harvesting. Post-treatments in G2 with 3
      aminobenzamide had no influence on the aberration frequency induced by thiotepa
      and N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine.

PMID- 6425682
TI  - Evaluation of Escherichia coli K-12 343/113 and derived strains for microbial
      mutagenicity assays.
AB  - Several characteristics of the E. coli K-12 mutagenicity tester strains 343/113
      and 343/120 have been investigated for their effects on induced mutagenesis using
      the arg56 and nad113 genes, and resistance to valine. We found, as have earlier
      authors, that the nad113 marker is relatively specific for detecting frameshift
      inducing mutagens and relatively insensitive to agents that cause point
      mutations. In contrast, both the Arg and Val markers are primarily specific for
      reversion (or mutation) induction by point mutagens. In all cases tested, the Arg
      and Val markers respond to mutagens in a qualitatively similar manner. We have
      enhanced the sensitivity of this tester system to a wide variety of mutagens by
      permeabilization of the tester cell population using Tris-EDTA treatment. This
      treatment prior to mutagen exposure enables the detection of mutagenicity of
      several compounds that are weakly mutagenic or nonmutagenic in untreated cells.
      We have also increased the mutagenicity of some chemicals by preincubating with
      rat-liver S9 at pH values other than 7.4. For diethylnitrosamine, for instance,
      maximal induction occurred at pH 6.5, and for benzo[a]pyrene, maximal induction
      was at pH 6.8.

PMID- 6425683
TI  - Mutagenic activity of methyl- and fluoro-substituted derivatives of polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons in a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell-mediated assay.
AB  - Several series of methyl- and fluoro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
      (PAH) derivatives were tested for mutagenic activity in cell-mediated assays with
      cells of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, as PAH activators. The mutagenic
      activity of dibenz[a,h]anthracene [DB(a,h)A] increased progressively with the
      substitution of a methyl group at one or both non-benzo bay-region sites. At a
      concentration of 0.25 micrograms/ml, the mutation frequencies induced by
      DB(a,h)A, and 7,14-diMeDB(a,H)A were 1.3, 13.1 and 59.0 6-thioguanine-resistant
      colonies/10(5) viable V79 cells, respectively. Methyl groups at non-benzo bay
      region sites in 3-methylcholanthrene and benzo[e]pyrene had little effect on
      mutagenic activity at the highest concentration which could be tested (2
      micrograms/ml). The presence of a fluorine atom on the bay-region A-ring of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) drastically drastically reduced mutagenic
      activity. At a concentration of 1.0 micrograms/ml, the mutation frequencies
      induced by DMBA, 1-fluoro-DMBA and 4-fluoro-DMBA were 50.5, 6.8 and 1.6,
      respectively. On the other hand, the mutation frequency was increased 6-fold when
      the fluoro substituent was in the 10-position of the D-ring of DMBA. Thus, for
      the most part, the relative mutagenic activities of these compounds in the HepG2
      cell-mediated assay paralleled their skin tumor-initiating activity in SENCAR
      mice reported earlier (DiGiovanni et al., 1982, 1983a, b). These studies
      demonstrate the value of the HepG2 cell line as an exogenous, intact human cell
      activation system in short-term assays designed to evaluate the genotoxic effects
      of PAHs.

PMID- 6425684
TI  - Inhibitory effects of alpha- and beta-naphthoflavones on DMBA-induced anomalies
      in germ cells assessed by sperm abnormality assay.
AB  - Frequencies of abnormal sperms in B6C3F1 male mice were analyzed after injection
      with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF or 7,8
      benzoflavone), beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF or 5,6-benzoflavone) and combinations
      of either alpha-NF and DMBA or beta-NF and DMBA. Either alpha-NF or beta-NF was
      injected 48 and 24 h before injecting mice twice with DMBA for 2 days at 24-h
      intervals. Prior injection of mice with alpha-NF and beta-NF was based on the
      assumption that enhanced activity of monooxygenase enzymes (P-450) in the mouse
      system so as to modify the metabolism of DMBA towards increased detoxification.
      Both flavones showed inhibitory effects in the genotoxic action of DMBA to the
      extent of 83% reduction by alpha-NF and 60% by beta-NF in the number of abnormal
      sperms as compared with those found in germ cells due to DMBA alone. compared
      with those found in germ cells due to DMBA alone.

PMID- 6425685
TI  - Mutagenicity of the insecticide endosulfan in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6425686
TI  - Benefit and cost analysis in geriatric care. Turning age discrimination into
      health policy.

PMID- 6425687
TI  - Care of patients with a low probability of acute myocardial infarction. Cost
      effectiveness of alternatives to coronary-care-unit admission.
AB  - We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to examine the clinical and economic
      consequences of alternatives to admission to a coronary-care unit for patients
      who have a relatively low probability of acute myocardial infarction. Despite the
      fact that all our assumptions were slanted to favor the current standard policy
      of admission to a coronary-care unit, our analysis shows that admission to an
      intermediate-care unit providing resuscitative facilities and prophylactic
      lidocaine is highly cost effective. For patients with about a 5 per cent
      probability of infarction, admission to a coronary-care unit would cost $2.04
      million per life saved and $139,000 per year of life saved, as compared with
      intermediate care. For the expected number of such patients annually in the
      United States, the cost would be $297 million to save 145 lives. At probabilities
      of infarction up to about 20 per cent, the incremental cost to save a year of
      life by choosing a coronary-care unit over an intermediate-care unit would be
      higher than the estimated cost of saving a year of life by treating a 40-year-old
      man with mild hypertension. Our results suggest that many patients who have a low
      risk of acute myocardial infarction would be appropriate candidates for admission
      to an intermediate-care unit.

PMID- 6425688
TI  - Prospect Hill virus: serologic evidence for infection in mammologists.

PMID- 6425689
TI  - Thyroid function at high altitude.

PMID- 6425691
TI  - Does free care improve adults' health?

PMID- 6425690
TI  - Case mix in end-stage renal disease. Differences between patients in hospital
      based and free-standing treatment facilities.
AB  - This study examines the mix of cases in facilities for the treatment of end-stage
      renal disease in Michigan during the period January 1973 through September 1981.
      We compared 3135 patients treated in 29 hospital-based facilities with 307
      patients treated in five proprietary, free-standing facilities. Patients were
      assigned to one of five severity groups on the basis of age, race, primary renal
      diagnosis, and accompanying conditions. The five severity groups were
      differentiated by the probability of death in the first year of treatment and the
      risk of death over the course of treatment. We then compared the distribution of
      patients in the five severity groups in hospital-based facilities with that in
      free-standing facilities. Hospital-based facilities had a higher percentage of
      patients in the higher-severity groups. When severity was measured by one-year
      survival, the difference was statistically significant. Sixty per cent of
      hospital-based patients were in the three highest severity groups, as compared
      with 50 per cent of patients in free-standing facilities. Within each severity
      group, hospital-based patients had a lower five-year survival rate than patients
      in free-standing facilities. Our findings suggest that the case mix in hospital
      based facilities may include more severe cases than that in proprietary, free
      standing facilities, but more data from more facilities will be needed before
      firm conclusions can be drawn. If the cost of providing services is related to
      case-mix severity, such data could have implications for federal reimbursement
      policies.

PMID- 6425692
TI  - Decentralized management in a teaching hospital.

PMID- 6425693
TI  - Release of lysosomal enzymes in Candida albicans phagocytosis by rat peritoneal
      macrophages.
AB  - The present paper reports the in vitro release of lysosomal enzymes in the
      supernatant of cultures of rat peritoneal macrophages, with the addition of
      Candida albicans cells. Macrophages were taken from the rat peritoneal cavity 72
      hr after non-specific activation with Brain-Heart-Infusion (B.H.I.) broth
      containing 10% proteose-peptone No. 3. They were then cultured in Parker medium
      No. 199 (TC 199). After 24 hr a suspension of Candida albicans cells, in a
      determined concentration, was added to the peritoneal macrophage cultures. At
      that time, and during pre-determined periods, the following enzymes in the
      culture supernatants were studied using colorimetric methods: beta-glucuronidase,
      beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase. It is concluded that, under identical
      conditions, the release of beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase is higher than
      for beta-glucuronidase. The release rate of all three enzymes is the highest at a
      6 hr incubation period, after which, a gradual decrease leads to the rate down to
      50% at 24 hr.

PMID- 6425694
TI  - Effect of levamisole on experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the Syrian
      hamster: immunologic and histopathologic correlation.
AB  - The effect of levamisole (LMS) was studied in hamsters inoculated with live yeast
      phase culture of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by intratesticular route. One
      group started LMS therapy at an early stage of infection (LMS3 group), when the
      animals were immunocompetent, and another group was treated in a later stage,
      when the immune response was already depressed (LMS12 group). As control, one
      group was not treated. The alterations induced by levamisole were studied by
      immunologic and histopathologic parameters. Compared to controls, the LMS3 group
      presented normal levels of cellular immune response and inflammatory reaction
      characterized by compact epithelioid granuloma during a longer period of time. In
      addition, this group showed a lower incidence of amyloidosis and lower fungi
      proliferation in the lesions. In the LMS12 group a transient enhancement was
      noteworthy of cellular immune response with maintenance of the compact pattern of
      the epithelioid granuloma as in the LMS3 group; however, the number of fungi and
      incidence of amyloidosis were similar to controls. The differences between both
      treated groups may be accounted for by some factors such as host immune
      competence, timing and total dose of LMS administered. Levamisole may be of value
      as additional therapy in paracoccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 6425695
TI  - Primary mycotic infection of paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Eight cases of primary mycotic infection of paranasal sinuses with Aspergillus
      and Candida species encountered during July, 1979 to December 1981 are being
      presented. Their clinical, mycological and serological responses have been
      discussed. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from all the seven cases with
      aspergillosis and Candida albicans, along with C. tropicalis, was isolated from
      one case.

PMID- 6425696
TI  - An interaction between vinculin and talin.
AB  - In cultured fibroblasts, microfilament bundles terminate at adhesion plaques
      (focal contacts), the specialized regions where the cells adhere most tightly to
      the underlying substrate. Vinculin is a protein concentrated in adhesion plaques
      and has been suggested as a possible link between the ends of the bundles of
      actin filaments and the plasma membrane. If vinculin is one protein in a chain of
      attachment between the bundles of microfilaments and the plasma membrane, it is
      important to identify other components which interact with vinculin. We have
      recently discovered a new protein in adhesion plaques which we refer to as talin.
      Here we show that talin binds to vinculin, which suggests that talin may be
      involved with vinculin in the attachment of microfilament bundles to the plasma
      membrane at the adhesion plaques.

PMID- 6425697
TI  - Genetic engineering: Genentech claims factor VIII.

PMID- 6425698
TI  - A gathering of our ancestors.

PMID- 6425699
TI  - Light-dependent calcium release from photoreceptors measured by laser micro-mass
      analysis.
AB  - Yoshikami and Hagins first suggested that calcium is sequestered within
      membranous disks in the outer segments of vertebrate rods and that the bleaching
      of visual pigment molecules by light causes the release of Ca from the disks.
      Once released, the Ca was postulated to bind to Na+ channels or carrier molecules
      in the plasma membrane to produce the electrical response. This theory, termed
      the 'calcium hypothesis', is supported by much evidence but remains
      controversial, largely because of the difficulty in measuring calcium in rods and
      of demonstrating light-induced release. Here we describe direct measurements of
      total rod Ca using a new microprobe method, called laser micro-mass analysis, or
      LAMMA . Using this technique, we show that rods contain large amounts of Ca
      concentrated in their outer segments. Physiological levels of illumination
      produce a graded efflux of rod Ca content, amounting to about 10(4) ions per
      rhodopsin molecule bleached in dim light. As light does not change the rate of Ca
      influx, the total Ca content of the rod decreases. In bright light, as much as
      half the total Ca leaves the rod during only 1 min of illumination.

PMID- 6425700
TI  - DNA variation and evolution.

PMID- 6425701
TI  - Specification of tecto-motor outflow in toads by antidromic stimulation of tecto
      bulbar/spinal pathways.

PMID- 6425702
TI  - Effects of hypothalamic noradrenaline depletion with 6-hydroxydopamine on the
      body temperature regulation of the rat.
AB  - Rats which had been pretreated with 3 intrahypothalamic doses of 10 micrograms of
      6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to cause a selective depletion of hypothalamic
      noradrenaline to 26.7% of control hypothalamic noradrenaline maintained rectal
      temperature within the normal limits displayed by the control group. However,
      noradrenaline-depleted rats displayed a decrease in both cutaneous temperature
      and metabolic heat production in the cold (8 degrees C). Intrahypothalamic
      injections of 6-OHDA in normal rats at room temperature (22 degrees C) caused an
      acute hyperthermia of up to 1.1 degree C which lasted for about 6 h. The acute
      hyperthermia in response to 6-OHDA was due to both cutaneous vasoconstriction and
      increased metabolism in the rat. Selective depletion of hypothalamic
      noradrenaline without affecting hypothalamic dopamine by prior treatment with 6
      OHDA markedly reduced the hyperthermic responses to a subsequent dose of 6-OHDA.
      Therefore, the acute hyperthermic responses to 6-OHDA may be related to a release
      of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus. The data indicate that activation of
      noradrenergic pathways in the hypothalamus facilities heat production and
      inhibits heat loss mechanisms in the rat.

PMID- 6425703
TI  - Rat climbing behavior elicited by stimulation of cerebral dopamine receptors.
AB  - The experimental conditions allowing to elicit by administration of dopamine
      agonists a climbing behavior in rats, apparently analogous to the stereotyped
      cage climbing behavior previously described in mice (Protais et al. 1976), have
      been established. Among the various strains of rats studied i.e. Sprague-Dawley,
      Long Evans and Wistar, the latters were selected as the most responsive to the
      dopamine agonist apomorphine. However, even in the Wistar strain, only about 60%
      of animals responded to a test-dose of 0.4 mg/kg apomorphine by adopting in a
      sustained manner the typical upright position against the walls of a suitable
      experimental cage. Hence responsive rats were preselected 4 days before the
      experimental sessions and finally rated during a 60-min observation period.
      Increasing the test-dose of apomorphine led to a biphasic effect, the spontaneous
      climbing behavior being decreased at low dosage and, then, both the percentage of
      climbing animals and the duration of the behavior were progressively increased at
      higher dosages. A scoring system based on an all-or-none evaluation of the
      frequency of stereotyped climbing episodes over the 1 h observation period was
      finally adopted allowing to establish dose response curves to apomorphine and its
      more potent derivative N-propylnorapomorphine. Dexamphetamine (associated to L
      Dopa) also produced the stereotyped climbing behavior. The latter was completely
      abolished in animals treated with the "atypical" antipsychotic sulpiride. The
      effects of lesioning various cerebral dopaminergic areas on the apomorphine
      induced behavior were investigated. The response was not significantly altered
      following bilateral thermocoagulations of the striatum (restricted lesions),
      globus pallidus, nucleus interstitialis of the striae terminalis, amygdala,
      nucleus lateralis septi or nucleus accumbens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425704
TI  - DRGs: a positive side to the ledger.

PMID- 6425705
TI  - [Long-term treatment of patients in neurological practices with antidepressive
      agents].

PMID- 6425706
TI  - [Protective effect of mannitol in cerebral infarction--CT findings and
      physiological observation in experimental cerebral infarction in dogs].
AB  - Sequential changes of low density area in CT scan and sequential changes of
      neurons in light microscopical study following occlusion were investigated.
      Similar observations were also made with the administration of 20% mannitol
      (2g/kg) prior to occlusion to determine the effect in preventing cerebral
      infarction. In these experiments we used our previously published "complete
      cerebral hemispheric infarction model in dogs" which was produced by ipsilateral
      occlusion of the A1 and A2 segment of anterior cerebral artery, ophthalmic
      artery, internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery and the junction of the
      posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery. Sequential changes
      in CT findings of 4 untreated control animals showed a low density area 3 hours
      after the occlusion in each animals. After 6 hours, these areas became more
      distinct. On the other hand in 3 mannitol treated animals, the low density area
      was not distinct 6 hours after the occlusion. In light microscopical study of 5
      untreated control animals, no normal neurons were seen 4 hours after occlusion,
      and shrinkage and swelling was seen in roughly 80% of the neurons 6 hours after
      the occlusion. However, in 2 mannitol treated animals, 30% normal neurons were
      seen 4 hours after occlusion, and shrinkage and swelling was seen only 10-20% 6
      hours after the occlusion.

PMID- 6425707
TI  - Relationships between intracranial pressure and diurnal prolactin secretion in
      primary empty sella.
AB  - The role of the intracranial pressure (ICP) in the development and/or maintenance
      of the primary empty sella has been evaluated by recording the ICP during
      sleeping and waking periods in 11 women who had this syndrome. Concomitantly,
      plasma PRL levels, measured at 2-hour intervals during a 24-hour period, were
      compared with the changes in ICP. Daily PRL variations were also measured in 5
      normally cycling and 5 postmenopausal women. ICP was abnormally increased in 8
      patients with PES. In 3 of them, increased values were recorded during waking and
      sleeping periods, while in 5 subjects abnormal values were observed only during
      sleep. In the remaining 3 patients the ICP was normal in all conditions tested. 8
      patients with elevated ICP presented an absent or blunted nocturnal PRL increase.
      In 3 patients with normal ICP, the circadian periodicity of PRL was preserved.
      The normalization of ICP obtained in 4 patients by a surgical shunting procedure
      was accompanied by the return to normal of the circadian PRL periodicity. Our
      observations demonstrate that the finding of a normal ICP during wakefulness is
      not sufficient to rule out an actual increase in ICP, since a rise in the CRF
      pressure can occur during sleep. Our data also demonstrated a correlation between
      an abnormal rise in ICP and an absent or blunted nocturnal increment in PRL
      secretion.

PMID- 6425708
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for endogenous growth hormone-releasing factor-like
      immunoreactivity in the monkey pituitary gland.
AB  - Growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity was visualized in monkey
      pituitary gland by immunocytochemistry on ultrathin sections obtained by
      cryoultramicrotomy. Antibodies were raised against synthetic human pancreas
      growth hormone-releasing factor (1-40). Growth hormone-releasing factor-like
      immunoreactivity was observed in somatotropes (identified by immunocytochemistry)
      only. The other pituitary cell types were not immunoreactive. In somatotropes,
      immunoreactivity was observed at the plasma membrane but only very scarcely, in
      the cytoplasm (cytoplasmic matrix and secretory granules) and in the nucleus.
      These results (1) provide immunocytological evidence for the presence of growth
      hormone-releasing factor or of an immunoreactive fragment of its molecule in the
      pituitary; (2) indicate the presence of this peptide in one particular pituitary
      cell type; and (3) provide cytological evidence for direct participation of
      growth hormone-releasing factor in the regulation of the somatotropic function.

PMID- 6425709
TI  - Modulation of basal and LRH-stimulated gonadotrophin secretion by histamine in
      normal men.
AB  - The effects of histamine (HA) and of HA in combination with H1- and H2-receptor
      antagonists on basal and LRH-receptor antagonists on basal and LRH-stimulated LH
      and FSH secretion were investigated in 10 normal men. HA enhanced the LH response
      to LRH (p less than 0.05), but had no effect on basal LH secretion. The
      enhancement of LRH-stimulated LH secretion was not observed when either an H1-
      (mepyramine) or an H2- (cimetidine) receptor antagonist was administered
      concomitantly with HA. Cimetidine administered alone had no effect on basal or
      LRH-stimulated LH secretion. HA had no effect on basal or LRH-stimulated FSH
      secretion. We conclude that the effect of HA on LRH-stimulated LH secretion is
      mediated through a combined stimulation of H1- and H2-receptors.

PMID- 6425710
TI  - Differential suppression of FSH and LH secretion by follicular fluid in the
      presence or absence of GnRH.
AB  - The differential role of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) in regulating follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release in vivo in
      situations of different gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) backgrounds was
      studied. In experiment 1, 2-week ovariectomized rats injected intravenously with
      4, 16 or 64 mg of protein from pFF, showed a dose-dependent suppression of FSH
      over time, with a maximal suppression to 40% of control values by 10 h. LH levels
      were slightly, but significantly, elevated by the two lower doses, but not by the
      highest dose of pFF. In experiment 2, 64 mg pFF was superimposed (i.v. injection)
      in ovariectomized rats injected subcutaneously with a high dose of GnRH
      antagonist (500 micrograms) 24 h earlier. The pFF suppressed FSH 35% below the
      level achieved in the absence of GnRH stimulation, with no effect on LH. In
      experiment 3, the rise in FSH secretion in acutely ovariectomized rats was shown
      to be inhibited by 8 or 32 mg pFF administered intravenously 3.5 h after surgery.
      Injection of GnRH (250 or 1,000 ng) 4.5 h after pFF could not overcome the
      inhibitory action of pFF on FSH, although non-pFF-treated controls responded in a
      dose-dependent fashion to GnRH stimulation. The expected LH response to GnRH was
      not affected by pFF, except in the group receiving 1,000 ng GnRH and 8 mg pFF. In
      these rats, LH was enhanced in one trial, but suppressed in a replicate trial,
      illustrating the inconsistent effects of pFF on LH under conditions of high GnRH
      stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6425711
TI  - A TRH analog (DN-1417): motor stimulation with rearing related to
      catecholaminergic mechanisms in rats.
AB  - The effect of an analog of TRH, gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-histidyl
      prolinamide citrate (DN-1417) on motor activity was studied in rats. Peripheral
      administration of DN-1417 (0.2-20 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant, dose
      dependent increase in total spontaneous motor activity, with a definite increase
      in rearing behaviour. Both increases in spontaneous motor activity and rearing
      behaviour were markedly inhibited by pretreatment with chlorpromazine (1, 5
      mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), pimozide (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or
      alpha-methyltyrosine (250 mg/kg, i.p.). Only stimulation of rearing behaviour was
      selectively attenuated by phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or FLA-63 (25 mg/kg,
      i.p.) at doses producing no significant effect on spontaneous motor activity.
      Although propranolol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and methysergide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no
      effect, atropine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and mecamylamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) respectively
      potentiated and counteracted the effects of DN-1417. Concerning the stimulation
      of spontaneous motor activity, the nucleus accumbens and lateral hypothalamic
      area were most sensitive to DN-1417, and the lateral hypothalamic area was the
      most sensitive site for the stimulation of rearing. Furthermore, DN-1417 (5 X 10(
      5) M) significantly enhanced the spontaneous release of [3H]dopamine from the rat
      nucleus accumbens slices in vitro. These findings indicate that the motor
      stimulatory action of DN-1417 appears to be mediated primarily via a dopaminergic
      mechanism by enhancing the release of dopamine from nerve terminals, including
      the nucleus accumbens in the mesolimbic dopamine system, and, in turn, the
      rearing may be mediated via noradrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 6425712
TI  - Growth hormone releasing factor immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus.
AB  - Neurones immunoreactive to antibodies against human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor1-40 (hpGRF) were identified in the hypothalamus of the rat after
      pretreatment with colchicine. Reactive perikarya were concentrated in the arcuate
      nucleus and were also present around the anterior commissure. hpGRF
      immunoreactive fibres were observed in the median eminence and preoptic area
      where they tended to complement the distribution of somatostatin immunoreactive
      fibres. The distribution of GRF-immunoreactive perikarya in the rat hypothalamus
      is similar to that reported in monkey, and is consistent with other studies which
      suggest that neural mechanisms stimulatory for growth hormone secretion in the
      rat are situated in the medial basal hypothalamus.

PMID- 6425713
TI  - l-Tryptophan in hyperactive child syndrome associated with epilepsy: a controlled
      study.
AB  - The effect of l-tryptophan in childhood hyperkinesia was compared with placebo
      tablets in 11 epileptic boys, aged 7-14 years, in a residential school for
      epileptics. The mean age of epilepsy was 2.5 years, and the duration of
      hyperactivity varied between 1.3 and 5.5 years. They were receiving either
      carbamazepine or sodium valproate alone, or combinations of both drugs for
      epilepsy. The investigation was designed as a double-blind cross-over study in
      which the patients were selected randomly to receive either l-tryptophan (40
      mg/kg body weight) or matched placebo tablets first. Each treatment phase lasted
      for 5 weeks and the alternative medication was given after a 3-week washout
      period. Concomitant antiepileptic drugs were kept unaltered and no other drug was
      prescribed during the study. The patients were assessed at the pre-entry period
      (basal) and at the end of each treatment phase by their teachers and child care
      staff. The rating scale used included Connor's teacher and parent rating scales,
      the Meanwood Park Hospital behaviour scale, and visual analogue scales. A record
      of the patients' seizure frequency was kept throughout the investigation. Plasma
      antiepileptic drug levels were monitored at the end of each phase and they were
      virtually identical during these two treatment periods. In the dosage used, l
      tryptophan was tolerated well by these children, and seizure frequency, as a
      whole, remained unaltered. However, no significant beneficial effect on their
      behaviour was observed during 5 weeks of l-tryptophan therapy.

PMID- 6425714
TI  - The area centralis of the retina in the cat and other mammals: focal point for
      function and development of the visual system.
AB  - In many mammals, particularly species with frontalised eyes, a small region o
      retina is strongly specialised for high resolution, binocular vision. The region
      is typically located near the centre of the retina, a few millimetres temporal to
      the optic disc, and is termed the "area centralis" or, in some primates in which
      the specialisation is particularly well developed, the "fovea centralis". Where
      the specialisation is well developed, the area or fovea centralis dominates the
      organisation of the adult visual system. Studies of the histogenesis of the
      retina of the cat indicate that the process of retinal maturation is centred on
      the area centralis, which thus seems to be an organising focus in the ontogeny as
      well as the adult function of the visual system.

PMID- 6425715
TI  - Simplified technique for the observation of asters in amphibian eggs stratified
      by centrifugation.

PMID- 6425716
TI  - "Though much is taken": reflections on aging, health, and medical care.
AB  - Public policies regarding health care for the elderly--including the Medicare
      program--are reconsidered with respect to six critical areas: the number of
      elderly, their health status, use of medical care, labor force participation,
      income, and their living arrangements.

PMID- 6425717
TI  - An introduction to the Medicare financing problem.
AB  - The Medicare program faces serious financing problems for both hospital and
      physician services. Spending on medical care is growing more rapidly than
      national income. The sources and magnitude of the problems are outlined, and a
      range of approaches explored. Resolution will come from coordination and
      interaction among several of these approaches to reducing outlays and increasing
      revenues.

PMID- 6425718
TI  - Medicare benefits: a reassessment.
AB  - Changes in beneficiary cost-sharing provisions must be part of any multi-faceted
      strategy for Medicare's fiscal solvency . The current flawed benefit structure is
      seen as inefficient, inequitable , and contrary to prudent insurance principles.
      An income-related and selective increase in cost-sharing, combined with maximum
      liability, is proposed.

PMID- 6425719
TI  - Comment on "Medicare benefits: a reassessment".
AB  - Americans have repeatedly demonstrated their preference for health insurance
      against out-of-pocket payments for large medical bills. The proposed reliance on
      "competitive markets" is not likely to meet with public or congressional favor,
      and risks substantial new costs while promising little fiscal relief. A more
      modest proposal is offered.

PMID- 6425720
TI  - Hospital reimbursement under Medicare.
AB  - Although hospital care forms the largest expenditure under Medicare, long-term
      reforms in the basic reimbursement system should be approached cautiously. The
      effects of newly mandated changes--prospective payment and DRGs--have yet to be
      evaluated, but some modifications should be considered for the near term.
      Uniform, national payment rates and adjustments for teaching are especially
      critical areas.

PMID- 6425721
TI  - Comment on "Hospital reimbursement under Medicare".
AB  - The federal plan to establish uniform national rates under DRGs is a triumph of
      conceptual neatness over sound policy; it will produce no net savings to the
      Medicare trust fund. Proposals to contain hospital costs have yet to deal with
      uncompensated care, quality assurance, and the explicit integration of long-term
      care.

PMID- 6425722
TI  - Medicare financing reform: a new Medicare premium.
AB  - The original and continuing promise of Medicare can be preserved only through a
      complex package of fiscal reforms. Central to this should be a merger of Hospital
      Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance into a single Medicare trust fund,
      financed in part through income-related beneficiary premiums. Benefits could be
      expanded, while improving access and equity.

PMID- 6425723
TI  - Comment on "Alternative Medicare financing sources".
AB  - Restoring the reality of a budget constraint in the health care plans of all
      patients and providers--not only in the Medicare program--is the most important
      issue of domestic social policy in the remainder of this century. There is no
      case for major new earmarked taxes to "fix" Medicare unless they are elements of
      an overall tax structure adequate to pay for the expenditures which our political
      process deems necessary.

PMID- 6425724
TI  - Post-traumatic acute renal failure in combat casualties: a historical review.

PMID- 6425725
TI  - The sickle cell trait: a rebuttal.

PMID- 6425726
TI  - Wound dehiscence: the Madigan Army Medical Center study.

PMID- 6425727
TI  - The treatment of dental emergencies at a Naval training facility.

PMID- 6425728
TI  - Establishment of a registry for patients undergoing splenic surgery for trauma.

PMID- 6425729
TI  - Ulcerative colitis: assessment of severity.

PMID- 6425730
TI  - Common duct stone with perforation in infancy: case report.

PMID- 6425731
TI  - Military neonatal transport and intensive care--effective and cost effective.

PMID- 6425732
TI  - On the uncertainties encountered in treating medullary carcinoma: case report.

PMID- 6425733
TI  - Army community health nurses use nursing process as a model for developing a
      management information system.

PMID- 6425734
TI  - Gangrene of the colon associated with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: case
      report.

PMID- 6425735
TI  - Susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss: review and future directions.

PMID- 6425736
TI  - Chronic post-traumatic stress disorders among active duty Vietnam veterans: case
      reports.

PMID- 6425737
TI  - Goodpasture's syndrome. Influence of treatment complication on therapeutic
      decisions: case report.

PMID- 6425738
TI  - Sickle cell trait (SCT): an opposing view.

PMID- 6425739
TI  - [Function of the pituitary-thyroid axis after partial resection of the thyroid].
AB  - The TSH, T4 and T3 responses to TRH were measured in 48 patients who underwent
      selective goitre resection (hemithyroidectomy, ablation of single nodule);
      moreover 3 groups of healthy, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid persons served as
      reference groups. The main object was to detect eventual onset of preclinical
      hypothyroidism. This condition was observed after hemithyroidectomy only in
      12.5%, and never after ablation of single nodule. Were detected too, among
      operated patients, 2 subjects with light and 1 with clear hyperthyroidism.
      Therapeutic implications of such a finding were taken into consideration.

PMID- 6425740
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of GABA on fish retinal horizontal cells are blocked
      by bicuculline but not by picrotoxin.
AB  - We have studied electrophysiologically the actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) and related pharmacological agents on fish retinal horizontal cells by
      recording intracellularly from isolated retinae perfused with Ringer containing
      the various drugs. We show that although GABA usually hyperpolarizes the membrane
      potential relative to its dark level, it sometimes and particularly at higher
      (greater than or equal to 5 mM) concentration produces membrane depolarization,
      with reduction in the light evoked responses (S-potentials) in both cases. These
      effects are reversed by bicuculline but not by picrotoxin, although both agents
      antagonize GABA in many other preparations [5, 25]. The GABA uptake blocker
      nipecotic acid [15] hyperpolarizes horizontal cells and reduces their light
      evoked responses, and again these effects are reversed by bicuculline but not by
      picrotoxin. beta-Alanine, which blocks glial GABA transport [29], and
      diaminobutyric acid (DABA), which blocks neuronal GABA transport [14, 29, 31],
      have effects similar to those of nipecotic acid. We discuss these actions of GABA
      and of the other related drugs and their differential sensitivity to bicuculline
      and picrotoxin.

PMID- 6425741
TI  - Octopamine alters rhythmic activity in the isolated cardiac ganglion of the crab,
      Portunus sanguinolentus.
AB  - When applied to the isolated cardiac ganglion of Portunus, octopamine decreases
      the ganglionic burst frequency and increases the burst duration in a dose
      dependent manner over the concentration range 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M. These effects
      are accompanied by a hyperpolarization (maximum 5 mV) of the cardiac ganglion
      motor neurones and a decrease in the magnitude of the interburst pacemaker
      potential in these neurones. The evidence that octopamine plays a
      cardiomodulatory role in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 6425742
TI  - Enhancement of spike and wave discharges by GABAmimetic drugs in rats with
      spontaneous petit-mal-like epilepsy.
AB  - Certain Wistar rats from our laboratory colony present genetically determined
      seizures similar to human petit-mal absences. Muscimol, THIP and L-baclofen,
      agonists of GABA receptors, and gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG), an inhibitor of GABA
      degradation, enhanced the duration of spontaneous petit-mal-like seizures in a
      dose-dependent fashion. These findings raise questions as to the role of
      GABAergic neurotransmission in the occurrence of this type of spontaneous spike
      and wave discharges.

PMID- 6425743
TI  - A nursing perspective of the DRG world, part 1.

PMID- 6425744
TI  - DRGs: regulatory and budgetary adjustments.

PMID- 6425745
TI  - A personal and scientific biography of Dr. George C. Cotzias.
AB  - George Cotzias was a person of towering dimensions, with a great brain, a great
      sense of humor, a great loyalty and a great pride. A giant of 6'2", he made an
      immediate impact on all who met him, for his physical and intellectual force were
      wedded to courage, vision, and an extraordinary capacity to share and to motivate
      others. He was at one and the same time vigorous and opinionated , gentle, kind
      and sensitive. Courage and challenge were part of Cotzias ' makeup. He shared
      dreams, ambitions and built towers in the sky with his friends and colleagues.
      The vitality and love, the enthusiasm and praise, the roar of indignation and the
      boom of laughter: he was a Zorba of science, with warm friends all around the
      earth, doctors and scientists, barbers and taxi drivers, poets and musicians,
      children and all the women in the world.

PMID- 6425746
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin and cardiac failure.

PMID- 6425747
TI  - Financial management. Case mix and quality in Medicaid reimbursement formulas for
      nursing home care.

PMID- 6425748
TI  - Abnormal patterns of pulsatile luteinizing hormone in women with luteal phase
      deficiency.
AB  - Luteal phase deficiency is usually a problem of inadequate progesterone
      production associated with inadequate ovarian follicular development. The
      hypothesis that luteal phase deficiency results from an abnormal secretion
      pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) was tested in these women. To this end, the
      early follicular LH secretion pattern in four women with luteal phase deficiency
      was characterized and compared with patterns in normal women. Blood samples were
      obtained through indwelling catheters every ten minutes for eight hours (10 AM to
      6 PM), and plasma levels of LH and FSH were measured. Luteinizing hormone and FSH
      secretion profiles were analyzed for pulse frequency, amplitude, and mean plasma
      level. A significantly greater LH pulse frequency in women with luteal phase
      deficiency was observed when compared with the frequency in normal controls
      (luteal phase deficiency, 10.5 pulses/eight hours; normal, 5.2 pulses/eight
      hours; P less than or equal to .05). The mean FSH concentration was less in the
      women with luteal phase deficiency, but the level was not significant. These data
      suggest that the abnormal LH secretion pattern observed in women with luteal
      phase deficiency is responsible for their inadequate luteal phase progesterone
      secretion and their infertility.

PMID- 6425749
TI  - Prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone during the
      peripartal period.
AB  - To investigate the changes in pituitary responsiveness to hypothalamic releasing
      hormones during the periparturitional period, women undergoing labor and vaginal
      delivery were stimulated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The percentage of
      incremental changes in prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone were
      significantly lower in pregnant women at term than in nonpregnant control
      subjects. Evidence of augmented release of prolactin was disclosed after the
      onset of active labor. The percent increases in prolactin and thyroid-stimulating
      hormone were significantly higher at 24 hours post partum than at term.
      Administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone to the gravid patient in active
      labor caused a brisk response in fetal thyroid-stimulating hormone, although the
      increase in fetal prolactin remained low. These findings suggest that the changes
      in serum triiodothyronine (T3) significantly influence the release of prolactin
      and thyroid-stimulating hormone in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      during the periparturitional period.

PMID- 6425750
TI  - Laser therapy of genital condylomata acuminata.
AB  - The effectiveness of the carbon dioxide laser was evaluated in the treatment of
      penile, anorectal, and urethral condylomata acuminata in 40 men. All but six
      cases of urethral condylomata were prior conventional treatment failures.
      Postlaser follow-up ranged between one and two years, with an average of 16
      months. No patients were lost to follow-up. Postlaser recurrence rates were 7.5%.
      No postoperative complications occurred in this series. Carbon dioxide laser is
      highly successful for treating persistent and/or extensive urogenital and anal
      condylomata in the male patient.

PMID- 6425751
TI  - Effect of steroid hormones on arachidonic acid metabolites of endothelial cells.
AB  - The effect of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and hydrocortisone on
      prostacyclin, thromboxane, prostaglandin E, and prostaglandin F from cultured
      endothelial cells was investigated. No effect was found on prostacyclin,
      prostaglandin E, and prostaglandin F. Estrogen increased the release of
      thromboxane. The significance of this finding with regard to venous thrombolic
      events associated with estrogen use is discussed.

PMID- 6425752
TI  - [Experimental study on the healing process of tongue incisions using a CO2
      laser].

PMID- 6425753
TI  - [Experimental study of the effect of CO2 laser radiation on the mandible].

PMID- 6425755
TI  - How Ohio hospitals are coping with DRGs.

PMID- 6425754
TI  - [Further studies on the effect of fluorides on the lactic acid production of
      bacteria].

PMID- 6425756
TI  - It's later than you think.

PMID- 6425757
TI  - Lasers in medicine and surgery.

PMID- 6425758
TI  - [Aspects of practical oncology. Oncologic dietetics--treatment of anorexia and
      cachexia].
AB  - Tumor- and/or therapy-related malnutrition can be a crucial factor in the success
      of treatment of neoplastic diseases. The aetiology of anorexia in many patients
      is still unknown. Impaired survival rates and the outcome of therapy are related
      to the nutritional status, although this has not been investigated in well
      controlled clinical studies. However, it is generally accepted that it is
      possible to improve therapy by balancing the diet. It is not known whether
      additional parenteral nutrition improves survival rates. Therefore, the
      individually adjusted diet which considers the patient's tastes and disease
      related abnormalities (i.e. stomatitis or therapy-related mucosal dryness) should
      be preferred. Balanced formulas allow an additional caloric intake. In advanced
      disease status, a difficulty in swallowing or tumors which obstruct the
      oesophagus or the cardia may make tube feeding necessary. Total parenteral
      nutrition is possible via venous catheters for weeks or even months if antiseptic
      principles are followed very carefully. If a dietary concept is included early in
      cancer therapy, the quality of life is improved and surgical, radio- and/or
      chemotherapy, when performed, is made easier and more successful.

PMID- 6425759
TI  - Effects of Lonidamine on pituitary-gonadal axis in man.
AB  - Lonidamine was given for 3 weeks at the dose of 150 mg three times daily to 6
      male cancer patients. Serum follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone levels
      were significantly higher as compared to pretreatment values after 1 and 3 weeks
      of Lonidamine administration, while testosterone, prolactin, and thyroid
      stimulating hormone levels remained unchanged.

PMID- 6425760
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser blepharoplasty.
AB  - An experience utilizing the carbon dioxide laser for blepharoplasty in a series
      of 40 patients with an average follow-up of 16 months is reported. The advantages
      of this method include improved control of intraoperative hemorrhage which occurs
      because the laser cauterizes small vessels as it cuts tissues. Postoperative
      ecchymosis and edema are minimal and early rehabilitation occurs. Complications
      and technical disadvantages are discussed, concluding that the carbon dioxide
      laser offers a safe alternative with some distinct intraoperative and
      postoperative advantages to conventional blepharoplasty surgery.

PMID- 6425761
TI  - Congenital ectropion uveae with glaucoma.
AB  - Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) is a rare, nonprogressive anomaly characterized
      by the presence of iris pigment epithelium on the anterior surface of the iris
      stroma, often associated with neurofibromatosis and occasionally with other
      ocular anomalies. We present eight patients with unilateral CEU. Seven patients
      had glaucoma in the involved eye, while the eighth was a 10-week-old infant. In
      the two patients with bilateral glaucoma, the second eye was similar to the
      first, but without CEU. Three patients had neurofibromatosis, two had facial
      hemihypertrophy, one had Rieger's anomaly, one had Prader-Willi syndrome, and one
      had no systemic anomalies. Two had initially been misdiagnosed as having a large
      pupil in the involved eye and one as having a Horner's syndrome in the uninvolved
      eye. The finding of CEU in an infant warrants continued observation for the
      development of glaucoma and disorders of neural crest origin.

PMID- 6425762
TI  - [Heterotopic osteogenesis in patients with hemophilia].

PMID- 6425763
TI  - [Acrosoxacin (rosoxacin) sensitivity of Neisseria strains].

PMID- 6425764
TI  - Videoendoscopic determination of the mechanism of obstruction in obstructive
      sleep apnea.
AB  - Six patients with obstructive sleep apnea were studied with our system of
      simultaneous video recording of the polysomnographic record and the endoscopic
      image from the pharyngeal airway. Preoperative and postoperative recordings were
      made during sleep in each patient. Tracheotomized patients recreated their
      preoperative laryngeal inlet obstruction and its immediate cessation by
      alternately opening and closing the tracheotomy tube. This demonstration coupled
      with the physical examination findings of "disproportionate anatomy," leads to
      the determination that the mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea is twofold: (1)
      an underlying CNS propensity to hypotonia of pharyngeal musculature during sleep
      and (2) either an isolated obstructive upper airway lesion or a combination of
      alterations in normal relationships within the upper airway that cause a passive
      narrowing of the upper airway. This combination of altered relationships is
      collectively referred to as "disproportionate anatomy."

PMID- 6425765
TI  - Clinical experience with the silicone tracheal cannula in obstructive sleep
      apnea.
AB  - The surgical and postoperative course was evaluated in 20 patients with severe
      obstructive sleep apnea who underwent tracheostomy in which a silicone tracheal
      cannula was used. The cannula has been introduced recently by Dr. William
      Montgomery for use in a variety of clinical settings. Our findings indicate that
      the silicone tracheal cannula is a simple and reliable method of maintaining the
      tracheal airway in patients with severe sleep apnea. There were infrequent
      complications and a high degree of patient acceptance with this surgical
      procedure. Advantages of the silicone tracheal cannula include ease of insertion
      (especially in the often obese neck of the patient with sleep apnea), the
      inconspicuous nature of the cannula itself, the ease of care, and the maintenance
      of speech. Thus our clinical experience with this new tracheal cannula in the
      treatment of certain types of sleep-related breathing disorders indicates that it
      has a number of advantages as well as infrequent complications.

PMID- 6425766
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: a viable alternative to the middle
      fossa approach.
AB  - Vestibular nerve section, whether by the middle fossa or retrolabyrinthine
      approach, is effective in relieving intractable vertigo while preserving hearing.
      However, the potential morbidity and technical difficulty of the middle fossa
      approach have limited its usefulness. In an attempt to determine if the two
      approaches produce comparable results, we evaluated 52 patients who underwent
      retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy between April 1981 and March 1983 at the
      Otologic Medical Group. We compared their audiometric data and questionnaire
      responses with published data on patients who had a middle fossa vestibular
      neurectomy. Although differences between the two procedures do exist, the
      retrolabyrinthine method, with its 93% success rate in improving or resolving
      vertigo and its zero incidence of total sensorineural hearing loss, offers the
      surgeon a strong alternative to the middle fossa approach.

PMID- 6425767
TI  - Acoustic reflex testing in otoneurology.
AB  - Three parameters of the acoustic reflex have been used in otoneurologic
      diagnosis: threshold (ART), decay (ARD), and latency (ARL). Each test is defined,
      put in historical perspective, and discussed in relation to diagnostic
      implications. We recommend that these three tests - ART, ARD, and ARL - be used
      as a group and describe how they are implemented in the audiologic diagnosis of
      acoustic tumors and other lesions affecting the auditory system in the
      cerebellopontine angle and brain stem.

PMID- 6425768
TI  - Quantitative vestibular testing.
AB  - Our standard rotational test battery includes tests of optokinetic nystagmus
      (OKN), the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and visual-vestibular interaction.
      Lesions of the peripheral vestibular system characteristically impair only the
      VOR, whereas lesions of the central system impair OKN and visual-vestibular
      interaction. The pattern of abnormal responses can help localize lesions within
      the central vestibular pathways.

PMID- 6425769
TI  - Hearing conservation in acoustic tumor surgery: pro's and con's.
AB  - This article presents an overview of the points to be made both for and against
      the consideration of hearing conservation in acoustic tumor surgery based on
      current available data in the literature. Age, general health, tumor size, and
      hearing - in the tumor ear and in the contralateral ear as well as the interaural
      relationship - are the presurgical factors discussed. Either the middle fossa or
      posterior fossa approach may be utilized for hearing conservation. The technical
      factors relating to surgical anatomy, specific risks, and the probability that
      hearing may be preserved by these approaches have been abstracted from a review
      of the literature. Finally, the patient's considerations and his need for the
      conservation of his hearing are presented, including realistic alternatives to
      surgical conservation.

PMID- 6425770
TI  - Is it possible to totally resect an acoustic tumor and conserve hearing?
AB  - Over the last 19 years there has been increasing interest in the conservation of
      hearing while acoustic tumors are being resected. As enthusiasm has increased for
      the conservation surgery, so has controversy. The key to the controversy is a
      dissociation between gross anatomic and histologic observations. The purpose of
      this paper is to summarize our laboratory experiments and clinical observations
      in three areas: (1) Our experiments and observations suggest that it is probably
      not possible to totally resect an acoustic tumor medial to Scarpa's ganglion and
      conserve hearing. (2) It has not been possible to predict from preoperative
      auditory and vestibular function tests the number of fibers present within the
      cochlear and vestibular nerves lateral to the tumor, nor the number of fibers in
      small aggregates that may pass the tumor periphery. (3) If microscopic amounts of
      tumor are left behind, is that significant? It is too early to answer this
      question.

PMID- 6425771
TI  - Hearing conservation in acoustic neurilemmoma surgery via the retrosigmoid
      approach.
AB  - Hearing conservation in acoustic neurilemmoma surgery is possible in
      approximately 50% of patients whose tumors measure 15 mm or less in size (medial
      to the porus acusticus) and whose speech discrimination score in the ear with the
      tumor is 80% or better. The concepts of total tumor removal and maximum sparing
      of adjacent normal neural tissue are consistent with efforts to retain cochlear
      function. A retrosigmoid approach is favored over the middle cranial fossa
      approach because of the superior exposure and less morbidity. An operating table
      capable of 35-degree side rotation is used. It allows the majority of patients
      with acoustic neurilemmoma to be operated on in the horizontal supine position.
      The posterior lip of the internal auditory canal is removed to within
      approximately 1.5 mm of the falciform crest. Tumors not extending to the fundus
      afford an ideal situation for total removal, early identification of the seventh
      cranial nerve, and conservation of hearing. The CO2 laser is a useful surgical
      tool with its properties of vaporization, cutting, and coagulation.

PMID- 6425772
TI  - Hearing preservation--posterior fossa approach.
AB  - In patients with acoustic neurinomas protruding less than 2 cm from the porus
      acusticus and free of the brain stem, hearing can often be preserved. Our
      neurosurgical/otologic team uses the combined suboccipital/transmeatal approach
      with the patient in the seated position. This operation has been attempted on 21
      patients from 1974 to 1982. Nine had tumors larger than 2 cm that touched the
      brain stem; one had useful hearing preserved. Of the 12 patients with tumors
      smaller than 2 cm, hearing at or near the preoperative level was preserved in
      seven. In one patient, hearing was improved. There have been up to 7 years of
      follow-up with no recurrences of the neurinomas or diminution of hearing evident
      on computed tomographic scan. All had preservation of the seventh cranial nerve,
      while complications were mild and comparable to the remainder of our 101 patients
      operated on during the same period. We will review the surgical technique and
      audiologic results in detail.

PMID- 6425773
TI  - Hearing preservation in patients with acoustic neuromas via the middle fossa
      approach.
AB  - Twenty patients with acoustic neuromas were operated on in an attempt to preserve
      hearing. These patients were selected from a series of approximately 300 patients
      seen from May 1975 to March 1979. All patients were operated on via the middle
      fossa approach. Hearing was preserved in approximately 35% of the patients.
      Preoperative and postoperative audiograms were performed on all patients. Tumor
      size ranged from 5 to 15 mm. These current cases are compared and added to our
      previous series of 17 cases (10 with hearing preserved) from a series of 500
      acoustic neuromas reported elsewhere. Selection of patients, audiogram results,
      details of the middle fossa procedure, and work by other investigators are
      discussed.

PMID- 6425774
TI  - Arterial malformations of the middle ear.
AB  - Arterial malformations of the middle ear are rare entities which, if
      unrecognized, can lead to serious complications. We will present six such cases
      and summarize the relevant literature. Our presentation will review the
      development of middle ear arterial structures. Radiologic techniques useful in
      delineating these conditions will be described, and methods of treatment will be
      discussed.

PMID- 6425775
TI  - Cochlear and vestibular gross and histologic anatomy (as seen from postauricular
      approach).
AB  - The otologic surgeon must have a clear understanding of the anatomy of the
      seventh and eighth cranial nerves from the labyrinth to the brain stem, as seen
      from the postauricular approach. The surgical anatomy of the seventh and eighth
      cranial nerves was studied in 64 transcochlear eighth-nerve sections and 33
      retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomies. Analysis indicates the nerves rotate
      90 degrees in their course from the ear to the brain. The key relationship is
      that the cochlear nerve is always the most inferior, rotating from anterior
      (medial) near the labyrinth to posterior (lateral) near the brain stem. The
      seventh (facial) nerve rotates from anterosuperior (medial superior) near the
      labyrinth to anteroinferior (medial inferior) near the brain stem. The seventh
      nerve is easily seen in the transcochlear approach and hidden from view in the
      retrolabyrinthine approach. Twenty-seven fixed nerve specimens were examined with
      an operating microscope before being prepared for sectioning. In 73% (19 of 26) a
      cleavage plane was seen on the lateral aspect of the eighth nerve (that portion
      of the nerve facing the surgeon in the retrolabyrinthine approach).

PMID- 6425776
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine section of the vestibular nerve.
AB  - When symptoms of dizziness and episodic vertigo cannot be controlled through
      medical management or drainage procedures such as endolymphatic subarachnoid
      shunt operations, selective vestibular nerve section may be necessary. In the
      1920s eighth cranial nerve sections were performed by neurosurgeons through the
      suboccipital approach but were frequently associated with hearing loss and facial
      paralysis. The middle fossa approach has been popularized by Dr. William House
      and others as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve and
      preserving facial and cochlear function. More recently the suboccipital
      retrolabyrinthine approach has been described as a method of selectively
      sectioning the vestibular nerve. We have reviewed 42 cases of suboccipital
      retrolabyrinthine selective section of the vestibular nerve performed at the
      Otologic Medical Group over the past 2 years. The shortest follow-up on these
      patients has been 6 months. Thirty-two patients had preoperative diagnosis of
      Meniere's disease, and of these patients 25 had had previous endolymphatic
      subarachnoid shunt surgery. Eighty-five percent (27 patients) experienced
      complete relief of vertigo following surgery, while 6% (two patients) stated they
      were improved. Three patients reported no relief. There were 10 patients with
      dizziness who had a diagnosis other than Meniere's disease. In this diverse group
      three experienced complete relief of vertigo, five were improved, and two
      reported no improvement of vertigo following surgery. None of the patients lost
      his hearing as a result of the surgery and there was no facial weakness. One
      patient had postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and another had meningitis.

PMID- 6425777
TI  - Middle fossa vestibular neurectomy: an update.
AB  - Middle fossa section of the vestibular nerve is a neurotologic skull-base
      procedure that has found a successful, albeit limited, role in the surgical
      management of Meniere's disease. Incapacitating vertigo can be controlled in 94%
      of the cases, while serviceable hearing is maintained in 70%. Tinnitus and aural
      pressure are reduced in 60% and 80% of cases, respectively. The morbidity of this
      approach is similar to that of other destructive procedures of the labyrinth when
      careful patient selection and precise surgical technique are employed. In the
      incapacitated vertiginous patient with serviceable hearing, middle fossa
      vestibular nerve section should be considered as an alternative to other
      destructive procedures involving the otic capsule.

PMID- 6425778
TI  - Labyrinthine cryosurgery for Meniere's disease--present status.
AB  - When surgery is required to control attacks of vertigo caused by Meniere's
      disease, total labyrinthectomy performed by the transcanal or transmastoid
      approach is the procedure of choice when the disease is unilateral and has
      permanently damaged hearing to the point that only a distorted remnant remains
      and amplification would not be effective. For patients with bilateral Meniere's
      disease or unilateral cases with sufficient hearing to warrant its preservation,
      a surgical procedure is required that eliminates the vertigo and either improves
      or at least does not adversely affect the hearing. Labyrinthine cryosurgery has
      been used clinically since 1965 in an attempt to achieve this goal. The results
      of 225 procedures followed for 1 year or longer indicated that vertigo is
      controlled in 73% but not in the remaining 27%. Hearing seemed unaffected by
      cryosurgery. If hearing fluctuated prior to surgery, it generally continued to
      fluctuate afterward. Improved or decreased hearing could therefore not be
      interpreted as a direct result of surgery but rather as a continuation of the
      fluctuation in hearing that commonly occurs in this disorder.

PMID- 6425779
TI  - Analysis of surgical procedures in patients with vertigo.
AB  - The majority of patients with vertigo secondary to inner ear problems can be
      cured by surgery (80%). The results after neurectomy procedures such as
      cochleovestibular neurectomy or vestibular neurectomy appear to be much better
      (85%) than after the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure (70%). If hearing
      is worth saving, a conservative procedure should be used first in an effort to
      preserve the patient's hearing. If this fails, a cochleovestibular neurectomy
      will usually resolve the problem. At present we are using the retrolabyrinthine
      vestibular neurectomy as a primary procedure for Meniere's disease, reserving the
      cochleovestibular neurectomy for those in whom the vestibular neurectomy failed.
      In elderly patients it appears the Schuknecht cochleosacculotomy may have promise
      as a first procedure for control of vertigo.

PMID- 6425780
TI  - Use of streptomycin sulfate in the treatment of Meniere's disease.
AB  - Streptomycin sulfate has been known to be ototoxic since its use in the treatment
      of tuberculosis. This report describes 10 years of experience in the treatment of
      Meniere's disease with streptomycin. Streptomycin has been used in classical
      Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in bilateral Meniere's disease;
      classical Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in unilateral Meniere's
      disease in the only hearing ear; intratympanic streptomycin in the treatment of
      unilateral Meniere's disease; and low-dose intramuscular streptomycin as
      outpatient treatment in unilateral Meniere's disease. The results of bilateral
      vestibular ablation were similar to Schuknecht's and others. Patients developed
      profound ataxia with a wide-based gait and oscillopsia, which improved rapidly
      over a period of months. Approximately 30% experienced significant improvement in
      hearing, which usually deteriorated again after several months. All patients were
      relieved of vertigo. Patients with unilateral Meniere's disease in the only
      hearing ear responded as did the bilateral cases. Hearing in the only hearing ear
      was preserved in all cases. Low-dose subototoxic streptomycin as outpatient
      treatment offers promise in some cases for relieving attacks of Meniere's disease
      while improving hearing without producing the temporary disabling effects of
      ataxia and oscillopsia. Streptomycin and similar drugs that may reduce the
      production of endolymph may eventually be the treatment of choice in Meniere's
      disease.

PMID- 6425781
TI  - Metastasis of thyroid carcinoma to the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 6425782
TI  - Chordoma: report of a rare mandibular metastasis.

PMID- 6425783
TI  - Lesions metastatic to the infratemporal fossa: report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6425784
TI  - DRGs and doctors.

PMID- 6425785
TI  - [Complicating etiological factors in pregnancy and the perinatal period for
      epilepsy in childhood].
AB  - The aim of this survey, examining childhood epilepsies with pathological findings
      in pregnancy and perinatal, was to find out if patient collective was homogenous
      considering the parameters: type of seizures, EEG and Computer Tomography, or if
      a further syndromatological differentiation could be made. We found, that on one
      side our examined population could be divided into two subgroups, based on the
      combination of seizure type and EEG findings. On the other hand the CAT-findings
      and the number of focal slow wave activity or of increased tendency to focal
      paroxysmal activity show a very good correspondence with the diagnostic criteria
      of our patient collective.

PMID- 6425786
TI  - Ergot poisoning in paraplegia.
AB  - Ergot derivatives are widely used for migraine headaches. However, ergotamine
      tartrate may cause intoxication which may even become fatal. A case of ergot
      poisoning in a paraplegic patient is reported, where deep vein thrombosis and
      ischaemia of the lower limbs were the presenting signs.

PMID- 6425787
TI  - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis].

PMID- 6425788
TI  - [Evaluation of the incidence of serological cross reactions between Legionella
      and Mycoplasma or Chlamydia].
AB  - Because of the possible serological cross reactions frequently described in the
      literature between L. pneumophila and M. pneumoniae or between L. pneumophila and
      Chlamydia, we decided to determine their frequency with our sera and our own
      methods. The anti M. pneumoniae and Chlamydia antibodies were researched in 162
      sera samples from 46 cases of legionellosis serologically diagnosed and in 51
      sera from 26 hyperimmunised rabbits. Conversely, anti L. pneumophila antibodies
      were researched in 165 sera from mycoplasmosis (61) or chlamydiosis (25 cases).
      None of the sera from mycoplasmosis or chlamydiosis tested by IFA and MA had
      antilegionella antibodies. None of the rabbits' sera hyperimmunised with
      Legionella had anti M. pneumoniae or Chlamydia antibodies. On the contrary, by
      complement fixation and IFA, out of the 46 cases of legionellosis under study, 6
      showed a seroconversion in M. pneumoniae and 2 in Chlamydia. The Ig class
      determination did not show IgM titers in 7 of these 8 sera. The mechanisms of
      these cross reactions are discussed: antigens and methods used, booster effect
      during legionellosis, concurrent mycoplasmosis or chlamydiosis.

PMID- 6425789
TI  - [Measurement by mass spectrometry of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide
      production in mechanically ventilated patients].
AB  - The authors present a technique of VO2 and VCO2 measurements by a non invasive
      method in mechanically ventilated patients. Inspirated and expirated gas are
      sampled respectively in the inspiratory limb of the patient's breathing circuit
      and in a mixing chamber. Gas samples are analysed by mass spectrometry in the
      laboratory. Expiratory flow rate is determined by the ventilator flowmeter. To
      evaluate this procedure the authors have studied the stability of the inspirated
      and expirated gas samples and the reproductibility of measurements. In a patient
      with respiratory and haemodynamic stable status this method measures VO2 within
      8,2% and VCO2 within 7%.

PMID- 6425790
TI  - The histiocytoses.

PMID- 6425791
TI  - Technical note: improved preparation of fine needle aspiration biopsies for
      transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - An improved method of cell concentration for ultramicrotomy is described. It is
      based on centrifugation of glutaraldehyde-fixed fine needle aspirates in 10%
      bovine albumin. Sampling of comparatively small numbers of tumour cells or tissue
      fragments is enhanced, particularly in the presence of heavy blood contamination.
      This results in a marked improvement in the proportion of diagnostically useful
      electron microscopic assessments.

PMID- 6425792
TI  - [Possibilities of correction of circulatory disorders in traumatic shock by
      combined administration of vasoactive agents].

PMID- 6425793
TI  - [Chromosome anomalies and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].

PMID- 6425794
TI  - Inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis by carbidopa and metyrosine in
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - In three patients with neuroblastoma and high circulating levels of dopamine and
      dopa, we interfered pharmacologically with catecholamine biosynthesis either at
      the tyrosine hydroxylase or dopa decarboxylase step in an attempt to 1) improve
      the efficacy of antitumor therapy and 2) avoid the potential arrythmogenic
      interaction between elevated circulating catecholamines and an halogenated
      hydrocarbon anesthetic during surgery. Biochemical evidence indicated that
      inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis had occurred but there was no associated
      significant change in clinical status or response to other therapy.

PMID- 6425795
TI  - Fetal cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to hypoxemia after chemical
      sympathectomy.
AB  - Chemical sympathectomy was performed in fetal lambs in utero by daily intravenous
      administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6HD) until a total dose of 60-70 mg/kg was
      reached. The completeness of adrenergic denervation was confirmed by the absence
      of any cardiovascular response to tryamine infusion. Baseline plasma
      catecholamine concentrations in normoxemic, sympathectomized fetuses were
      slightly higher than controls but the differences were not statistically
      significant. The concentration of norepinephrine (NE) was 313 +/- 73 pg/ml after
      6HD administration compared with 259 +/- 25 pg/ml in control animals. Similarly,
      the concentration of epinephrine (E) was 39 +/- 15 pg/ml (6HD) versus 21 +/- 4
      pg/ml (control). These mildly elevated catecholamine levels were accompanied by a
      small but significant increase in resting blood pressure (BP) (P less than 0.05).
      Heart rate (HR), however, was no different from control. Hypoxemia induced a
      marked increase in plasma catecholamines in control animals (NE, 2416 +/- 419
      pg/ml and E, 2017 +/- 749 pg/ml) along with hypertension and bradycardia.
      Sympathectomized fetuses maintained a profound NE response to hypoxemia (NE, 1550
      +/- 261 pg/ml) but a significant reduction in peak E response was observed (E,
      244 +/- 42 pg/ml, P less than 0.05). HR and BP responses to hypoxemia were
      generally similar to control animals though there appeared to be a brief 1-3 min
      lag period between the nadir of the bradycardia and the peak of the BP response.
      We conclude that the generalized chemical sympathectomy after 6HD administration
      in the fetal lamb in utero is useful in evaluating the interaction of the
      autonomic nervous system and adrenal medullary function on the regulation of the
      fetal cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6425796
TI  - Sodium valproate and the development of acute hepatic failure.

PMID- 6425797
TI  - [Late results (1964-1973) in the treatment of children with
      lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 6425799
TI  - [Correction of digestive disorders in young children with mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 6425798
TI  - [Importance of releasing hormones in studying hypophyseal function in children].

PMID- 6425800
TI  - [Bacterioscopy of a large drop of blood and cerebrospinal fluid as a method of
      rapid diagnosis of meningococcal infection].

PMID- 6425801
TI  - [Evaluation of bone diseases using dynamic bone scintigraphy].

PMID- 6425802
TI  - Mapping of psoralen cross-linked nucleotides in RNA.
AB  - A method is described for using the cross-linking reagent 4'-(hydroxy-methyl)
      4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT) to map base paired regions and higher-order
      structure within RNA molecules. Applying this method to yeast tRNAPhe, we have
      specifically identified cross-links within the acceptor stem between U6 X U68, in
      the D-stem between C11 X C25, and in the T psi-stem between U50 X C63 and U52 X
      C63. We have also identified a unique cross-link between U8 X C48 which are trans
      pyrimidines in the core region due to tertiary interactions between U8:A14 and
      C48:G15. The precise point of cross-linking was deduced in every case by using
      purine-specific U2 ribonuclease along with cytidine-specific CL3 ribonuclease
      which will anomalously cleave after photoreversed pyrimidines. The ability to map
      the precise point of cross-linking should prove invaluable in identifying
      nucleotides in close proximity within the tertiary structure of other RNA
      molecules.

PMID- 6425803
TI  - Quality, cost, and cost containment.

PMID- 6425804
TI  - Do Drop Inn!

PMID- 6425805
TI  - Intravenous therapy. One. Patient care in hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6425806
TI  - Intravenous therapy. Two. The nurse's role in intravenous management.

PMID- 6425807
TI  - Nursing Mirror clinical form. Long-stay geriatric care.

PMID- 6425809
TI  - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Procedures for nasogastric feeding.

PMID- 6425808
TI  - Pott's luck.

PMID- 6425810
TI  - Prospective payment (DRGs): what will be the impact on cancer care?

PMID- 6425811
TI  - [Home oxygen therapy for patients with pulmonary heart disease. Methods, costs,
      results].

PMID- 6425812
TI  - [Advances and controversies in the treatment of myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6425813
TI  - Hemangioendothelioma of bone. A case report with massive tissular necrosis.
AB  - Hemangioendothelioma or histiocytoid hemangioma of bone is a low grade tumor,
      which may be a quite indolent and controlable lesion, even in the rare case it
      develops distant metastasis. Our case presents features of such lesion by light
      microscopy and with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for Factor VIII related
      antigen, but it exhibits an unusual extensive tissular necrosis. Necrosis does
      not seems to make worse the usual course, after six years and ten months of
      conservative surgical treatment and radiation therapy.

PMID- 6425814
TI  - [Glycogenosomes].

PMID- 6425815
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition. Components, application, and complications.
AB  - Home parenteral nutrition allows patients with gut failure to maintain a near
      normal life-style. The technique restores normal nutritional status, and patients
      often are able to resume their previous occupation. A safe, permanent venous
      access is first provided by placement of a catheter in the subclavian vein. The
      patient is then taught how to care for the catheter, how to mix nutrient fluids
      and use the intravenous fluid infusion pump, how to monitor metabolic balance,
      and how to do emergency repairs of the catheter. Complications relate mainly to
      infection in the catheter exit site and to metabolic imbalance, and prophylactic
      measures should be taken.

PMID- 6425816
TI  - Effect of selection for delayed amelanosis on immune response in chickens. 1.
      Antibody production.
AB  - Studies were conducted to compare the antibody production of the Delayed
      Amelanotic (DAM) line of chickens with that of the line from which it originated,
      the Brown line (BR), and a distantly related environmental control, the Light
      Brown Leghorn (LBL). Total agglutinating antibody titers following immunization
      with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or Brucella abortus (BA), were determined at 4,
      6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. The SRBC titers of DAM line birds were
      significantly higher than those of LBL birds but not BR birds at young ages (4 to
      8 weeks) and at 20 weeks. The BA titers of DAM and BR lines were significantly
      higher than those of the LBL line at 4 and 6 weeks. We conclude that the DAM line
      exhibits hyperreactivity in B-cell function, which may be related to the line
      associated pigmentation destruction. These studies also confirm that age is an
      important factor in making comparisons of antibody production between different
      genetic stocks.

PMID- 6425817
TI  - Experimental induction of chronic aflatoxicosis in chickens by purified aflatoxin
      B1 and its reversal by activated charcoal, phenobarbital, and reduced
      glutathione.
AB  - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) caused dose-dependent reductions in weight gain and feed
      consumption when day-old Hubbard X Hubbard broiler type chicks were maintained on
      a diet contaminated with either 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 ppm purified AFB1 for 8 weeks.
      Although changes in these parameters were detected at the 2.5 and 5 ppm, the most
      profound changes were evident at 10 ppm contamination. The concentration of
      cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes, measured at the end of 8 weeks, also
      showed dose-dependent decreases. Cytochrome P-450 content in chickens receiving
      2.5, 5, and 10 ppm AFB1 was 16, 28, and 65%, respectively, less than the control.
      Microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase activity was not inhibited by 2.5 or 5
      ppm, but ingestion of 10 ppm AFB1 reduced its activity by more than 40%. Serum
      glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels of chickens receiving 10 ppm AFB1
      increased by more than 100%, indicating substantial liver damage. However, birds
      simultaneously receiving 10 ppm AFB1 and activated charcoal (.1% in the feed) or
      either reduced glutathione (.05%) or phenobarbital (.05%, given intermittently)
      in their drinking water showed a trend of improvement in feed consumption (less
      than 10% reversal) and weight gain (less than 28% reversal) over the birds
      receiving 10 ppm AFB1 alone. The results also indicate that the simultaneous
      presence of these agents with AFB1 considerably prevented the inhibitory effect
      of AFB1 on the microsomal cytochrome P-450 and benzphetamine N-demethylase
      activity. Furthermore, these agents were able to provide moderate protection
      against AFB1-induced liver injury manifested by elevation of SGOT activity.

PMID- 6425818
TI  - [Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Present state of its morphological diagnosis].

PMID- 6425819
TI  - [Rapid method for determining cellobiase activity].
AB  - A simple and rapid method for determining the cellobiase activity in purified
      enzyme preparations was developed. It is based on a series of consecutive
      enzymatic reactions, i. e. hydrolysis of cellobiose by cellobiase, oxidation of
      the forming glucose by glucose oxidase, and formation of a dyed product under
      peroxidase action in the same reaction system. The dyed product is recorded
      spectrophotometrically at 460 nm. One measurement takes from 2-3 to 7-10 min
      depending on a particular method of the activity determining. The reagent which
      is used for the activity determining can be obtained in the yophylized form and
      used repeatedly. The relative deviation of the method is 5-7%.

PMID- 6425820
TI  - [Reaction of the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in the rat to cooling and
      the administration of thyroliberin].
AB  - Three experiments were performed on Wistar male rats. In experiment N1 rats were
      maintained at the temperature of +5 degrees C during two hours, resultant in
      intensity of the thyroliberin synthesis. In test N2 synthetic thyroliberin in a
      dose of 8 micrograms was injected to intact rats 30 minutes before decapitation
      to decrease the requirement in the intrinsic hormone synthesis. In test N3
      thyroliberin was injected to rats over the cooling process to compensate
      partially the need in the intrinsic hormone synthesis. The functional condition
      of the hypothalamic supraoptic-, suprachiasmatic-, paraventricular-, ventromedial
      and arcuate nuclei (SON, SCN, PVN, VMN, AN) was evaluated by morphometry. SON and
      SCN remained unchanged under cooling. In both tests thyroliberin injections
      reduced the nucleoli sizes in the nuclear cells. The AN response was different
      from that of other centers, i. e. in experiment N1 the AN activity decreased; in
      tests N2 and N3 the effect of thyroliberin injected was not revealed. The PVN and
      VMN cell activation was noted in experiment N1, whereas the activity of the same
      nuclei was markedly lowered in test N2. An increase in the activity of these
      nuclei in experiment N3 was slightly reduced under exogenous thyroliberin
      injection. It is suggested that the PVN and VMN synergy plays an essential role
      in the organism response to the change in the thyroliberin synthesis.

PMID- 6425821
TI  - [Sorbitol pathway of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin diabetes of varying
      duration and severity].
AB  - The degree of accumulation of sorbitol pathway metabolites by the lens, sciatic
      nerve and aorta is determined by the duration and gravity of experimental
      diabetes. As the blood glucose content (indicating experimental diabetes gravity)
      rises, the aldose reductase activity in the tissues increases, the content of
      sorbitol and fructose ascends. The sorbitol-dehydrogenase activity does not
      depend on diabetes gravity. An increase of aldose reductase and a decrease in the
      sorbitol-dehydrogenase activity occur within the first two weeks after diabetes
      induction, which correlates with the maximal rate of sorbitol and fructose
      accumulation. The conclusion is made on the necessity of a strict compensation
      for diabetes to prevent the development of chronic complications.

PMID- 6425822
TI  - [Urinary tract infections and urolithiasis].
AB  - 100 cases of urolithiasis in children treated in Pediatric Clinic of National
      Research Institute of Mother and Child in the period of 1976-1979 were analized .
      In 93 children the cause of urolithiasis was established. The most of them (31%)
      are cases of infection induced urinary stones. Among other reasons of
      urolithiasis the most common are: metabolic reasons in 26%, probably metabolic
      reasons in 13%, idiopathic oxalic lithiasis in 17% and others in 6%. At the
      moment of urolithiasis diagnosis in 94 children bacteriological investigations
      were done. In 54 cases, i.e. 57,4% infections of the urinary tract were found.
      57,8% of boys and 62,2% of girls had urinary tract infections. The most frequent
      bacteria was urease producting Proteus sp. During 3 years of observation urinary
      tract infections in 67 children were found. Among bacteria causing the
      reinfections the most frequent were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25,4%), Klebsiella
      sp. (22,4%), Proteus sp. (19,9%) and E. coli (15%). In 9 cases the
      bacteriological analysis of removed stones were done. In 2 cases bacteria causing
      the infection were isolated from the stones, since they were not present in urine
      any more.

PMID- 6425823
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical features of tuberculosis of the peripheral lymph
      nodes with the isolation of L forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6425824
TI  - [Mechanism of action of ectericide on Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6425825
TI  - Sub-types of bipolar affective disorder with particular regard to bipolar II.
AB  - This paper discusses subtypes of effective disorder, in particular with regard to
      subtyping bipolar affective illness. The history of the subdivision of patients
      into unipolar groups is reviewed. The clinical, genetic, pharmacological and
      biological evidence supporting the subtyping of affective disorders is discussed,
      and directions for future research are proposed.

PMID- 6425826
TI  - Active oxygen acts as a promoter of transformation in mouse embryo C3H/10T1/2/C18
      fibroblasts.
AB  - There is much evidence from in vivo and in vitro carcinogenesis studies that
      active oxygen species play a role in tumor promotion. We tested directly whether
      superoxide produced extracellularly by xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO) has the
      capacity to promote initiated mouse embryo C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts. Cell cultures
      initiated with either 137Cs gamma-rays or benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I were
      found to transform 3-30 times more effectively when subsequently treated daily
      for 3 weeks with nontoxic doses of X-XO. Scavengers of active oxygen radicals
      such as superoxide dismutase or superoxide dismutase in combination with catalase
      reduced the frequency of appearance of transformed foci by 3-25 times when
      compared to cultures receiving X-XO alone. These results show that active oxygen
      species such as superoxide and H2O2 can act in a promotional manner that mimics
      the effects of the mouse skin promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in this
      system. X-XO also acted as a weak complete carcinogen.

PMID- 6425827
TI  - Somatic diversification of immunoglobulins.
AB  - A series of three IgM, kappa monoclonal antibodies arising from a fusion of
      BALB/c spleen cells from mice immunized with beta-(1,6)-galactan-containing
      antigens have been analyzed. These three lines were found (i) to have homologous
      protein sequences in the heavy chain D region and at the sites of recombination
      between the heavy chain variable and D segment (VH-D) and the D and joining
      segment (D-JH), although amino acid substitutions were observed in both the heavy
      and light chain variable regions; (ii) to use identical heavy and light chain
      joining segments; and (iii) to demonstrate two identical (productive and
      nonproductive) kappa-chain rearrangements. A likely explanation for these
      observations is that the three lines are clonally related (arise from a common
      precursor) and that the observed heavy and light chain variable segment
      substitutions represent somatic point mutations. Because these antibodies are all
      of the IgM class, the results indicate that a somatic mutational mechanism is
      activated early in B-cell ontogeny and operates at both the heavy and light chain
      loci. Furthermore, the somatic mutation process appears to continue during the
      development of a given cell line, but is independent of class switching.

PMID- 6425828
TI  - Antigenic stimulation regulates the level of expression of interleukin 2 receptor
      on human T cells.
AB  - Antigen-specific, interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent human T-cell lines and clones
      were utilized to study the relationship between IL-2 receptor expression and
      antigenic stimulation. T cells that had not been exposed to antigen for 2 wk or
      more expressed a stable low level of the IL-2 receptor. After reexposure to
      antigen, a 10- to 30-fold increase in the level of the IL-2 receptor was rapidly
      induced, with the peak level of IL-2 receptor expression occurring at 15-30 hr.
      This peak preceded the peak in cell proliferation [( 3H]thymidine incorporation),
      which was at 48-72 hr. Within 2-14 days after peak IL-2 receptor expression, it
      returned to a low base-line level. The transient elevation in IL-2 receptor level
      was antigen specific because it occurred in response to specific allogeneic
      stimulator cells but not after exposure to cells expressing irrelevant HLA
      allotypes. The levels of other cell-surface proteins, including those related to
      T-cell activation (HLA-DR, T10, 4F2, A-1A5) as well as T3, which has been
      proposed to be a component of the T-cell receptor complex for antigen, did not
      change in response to antigen exposure or deprivation. Because IL-2 was
      maintained at a consistently high level throughout these experiments, the antigen
      induced changes in the IL-2 receptor appear to be independent of changes induced
      by IL-2 itself. Both cloned T cells and mixed populations containing T4 and T8
      subsets showed similar IL-2 receptor responsiveness, indicating that this finding
      is generalizable to most, if not to all, antigen-responsive T cells.

PMID- 6425829
TI  - Epitope-specific protective immunogenicity of chemically synthesized 13-, 18-,
      and 23-residue peptide fragments of streptococcal M protein.
AB  - The ability of chemically synthesized subpeptides of type 24 streptococcal M
      protein to evoke protective antibodies in rabbits was investigated. We
      synthesized copies of the COOH-terminal 13, 18, and 23 amino acid residues of
      cyanogen bromide fragment 7 (CB7) of pepsin-extracted type 24 M protein, except
      that methionine was substituted for homoserine as the COOH-terminal residue. An
      additional residue of cysteine was added at the COOH terminus of the 13-residue
      peptide. Each of the peptides, designated S-CB7-(23-35)-Cys, S-CB7-(18-35), and S
      CB7-(13-35), when conjugated to lysylated tetanus toxoid with glutaraldehyde, was
      capable of stimulating formation of protective anti-type 24 M protein antibodies
      in rabbits. The smallest peptide, S-CB7-(23-35)-Cys, elicited immune responses
      equally as strong, if not stronger, than those to the longer peptides. A single
      Lys/Gly substitution in this 13-residue peptide resulted in its failure to
      stimulate protective antibodies. None of the antisera reacted with heterologous
      serotypes of M protein and none reacted with frozen sections of human heart
      tissue. These results indicate that a chemically synthesized peptide fragment
      corresponding to as few as 13 amino acid residues of streptococcal M protein is
      capable of evoking protective anti-streptococcal antibodies without evoking
      antibodies crossreactive with cardiac tissue.

PMID- 6425830
TI  - Conformational changes in the intestinal brush border sodium-glucose
      cotransporter labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to label the rabbit intestinal brush
      border Na+-glucose carrier, identify the carrier protein on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and monitor the effect of ions and
      substrates on fluorescence quenching. Enriched brush border preparations were
      employed to study both glucose transport and FITC binding. FITC and a
      nonfluorescent analog (phenyl isothiocyanate, PITC) both inhibited Na+-dependent
      D-glucose transport irreversibly. Inhibition was blocked completely by the
      presence of Na+ and D-glucose during labeling. PITC was used to label nonspecific
      amino groups in the presence of glucose and Na+, and then the glucose carrier was
      labeled with FITC in the absence of substrates. Fluorescence of FITC bound to the
      carrier was quenched specifically with Na+ in a saturable fashion, and this
      indicates a Na+-dependent conformational change in the carrier. Sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of FITC-labeled membranes revealed
      specific labeling of a 71,000-dalton peptide. We conclude that Na+ induces a
      conformational shift in the 71,000-dalton glucose carrier, and this is quite
      consistent with the kinetics of Na+-dependent glucose transport in these
      membranes.

PMID- 6425831
TI  - Immunological evidence for the in vivo occurrence of (2'-5')adenylyladenosine
      oligonucleotides in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody highly specific for (2'-5')adenylyladenosine
      oligonucleotides was used together with a 125I-labeled analog of this compound to
      detect and quantify phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated (2'-5')adenylyladenosine
      oligonucleotides in a variety of tissues and cells. These oligonucleotides were
      first assayed as a whole in perchloric acid extracts and then further
      individually characterized by HPLC analysis. Their sensitivity to alkaline
      phosphatase, snake venom phosphodiesterase, and T2 RNase was systematically
      checked. Nonphosphorylated (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides were found
      in mammalian tissues as well as in yeast and bacteria. In normal mouse brain,
      lung, heart, pancreas, spleen, kidney, and liver their concentrations ranged from
      10 to 200 pmol/g wet weight, depending on tissue and strain. The oligonucleotides
      were mainly dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. In addition,
      phosphorylated (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides were shown in liver and
      kidney extracts.

PMID- 6425832
TI  - Isolation of hybridomas expressing a specific heavy chain variable region gene
      segment by using a screening technique that detects mRNA sequences in whole cell
      lysates.
AB  - A technique is described that allows single hybridoma cell colonies to be assayed
      for the productive rearrangement of a single immunoglobulin variable region (V)
      gene segment by utilizing expression of V mRNA for analysis. Hybridomas growing
      in microwell tissue culture plates are lysed in situ, cellular RNA is directly
      transferred to nitrocellulose by filtration, and specific immunoglobulin mRNA is
      detected by hybridization of the filter with a DNA probe. The method is simple
      and sensitive. A single species of mRNA can be detected in a lysate of 1000
      cells; 5000 hybridoma colonies can be easily screened per day. The technique has
      been successfully used to isolate cell lines from nonimmune mice expressing a
      particular heavy chain variable region (VH) gene segment.

PMID- 6425833
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to serum galactosyltransferase.
AB  - Monoclonal IgG and IgM antibodies (mAbs) directed against serum
      galactosyltransferase (GalTase) activities were prepared and characterized for
      their relative specificity for GalTase isoenzymes I and II (GalTase I and GalTase
      II). After immunization of mice with purified GalTase, 7 of 1680 fusion products
      screened were positive for anti-GalTase activity in a solid-phase assay; of these
      7, 2 were found to bind GalTase I in a somewhat selective manner while 1 (C6) was
      relatively specific for GalTase II. The Ka for anti-GalTase mAbs ranged from 2.7
      X 10(7) to 1.1 X 10(8) M-1. Enzymatically active GalTase could be recovered from
      an affinity column of C6 coupled to Sepharose 4B following application of a cell
      extract from a human colon cancer cell line, confirming that the mAb is directed
      against GalTase. A sandwich RIA was developed to measure soluble GalTase II in
      serum by using a combination of two isoenzyme nonspecific mAbs (F5 and V10)
      coated on a solid-phase support followed by the addition of antigen and GalTase
      II-specific 125I-labeled C6. This assay was specific for GalTase II with a
      sensitivity of approximately 10 ng/ml. Evaluation of 240 sera demonstrated higher
      levels of GalTase II in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (48 ng/ml).
      However, in contrast to previous results with a radiochemical assay, some normal
      sera contained GalTase II (mean, 14 ng/ml) and some patients with liver disease
      had elevated levels (mean, 23 ng/ml). These studies demonstrate the production of
      moderate-affinity antibodies directed to serum GalTase isoenzymes and the
      development of an RIA useful in the study of GalTase.

PMID- 6425834
TI  - Hydrolysis of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide and its covalent binding to DNA proceed
      through similar rate-determining steps.
AB  - The mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (7R,8S)-dihydroxy
      (9R,10R)-epoxy-7,8, 9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, undergoes two major reactions
      in the presence of DNA: (i) hydrolysis and (ii) covalent binding. We report that
      hydrolysis and covalent binding are specific and general acid-catalyzed reactions
      with the same or similar rate-determining steps. To account for the similarity of
      rate-determining steps in covalent binding and hydrolysis we propose and test two
      models. In each model, the rate-determining step results in formation of a
      carbonium ion, which serves as a precursor for both tetrol and adduct. In model A
      the carbonium ion is partitioned between two domains (1 and 2), while in model B
      there is only one domain. Measurements of pseudo-first-order rate constants,
      product ratios, and rate ratios support model A, while kinetic results are
      inconsistent with model B. Domain 1 most likely represents activated
      benzo[a]pyrenes that are intercalated into DNA, while domain 2 hydrocarbons are
      physically bound to the outside of the DNA helix.

PMID- 6425835
TI  - Structure of the 5' ends of immunoglobulin genes: a novel conserved sequence.
AB  - Recent investigations have suggested that tissue-specific regulatory factors are
      required for immunoglobulin gene transcription. Cells of the mouse lymphocytoid
      pre-B-cell line 70Z/3 contain a constitutively rearranged immunoglobulin kappa
      light chain gene; the nucleotide sequence of this gene exhibits all the known
      properties of a functionally competent transcription unit. Nevertheless,
      transcripts derived from this gene are detectable only after exposure of the
      cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, implying that accurate DNA rearrangement
      is not sufficient to activate expression of the gene. Comparison of the sequence
      of the 70Z/3 kappa light chain gene with those encoding other immunoglobulin
      heavy and light chains has revealed that a distinctive promoter region structure
      is characteristic of this multigene family. The sequence A-T-T-T-G-C-A-T lies
      approximately 70 base pairs upstream from the site of transcriptional initiation
      in every light chain gene examined; in heavy chain genes, the corresponding
      location is occupied by the precise inverse (A-T-G-C-A-A-A-T) of this sequence.
      Although adjacent regions of DNA have diverged extensively in evolution, these
      octanucleotide sequences are stringently conserved at this location among diverse
      immunoglobulin genes from at least two mammalian species. The proximity of this
      conserved octanucleotide block to the site of transcriptional initiation suggests
      that it may serve as a recognition locus for factors regulating immunoglobulin
      gene expression in a tissue-specific fashion.

PMID- 6425836
TI  - Assignment of the gene for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase to human chromosome
      9 by mouse-human somatic cell hybridization.
AB  - The purine and polyamine metabolic enzyme methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo)
      phosphorylase is abundant in normal cells and tissues but is lacking from many
      human and murine malignant cell lines and from cells of some human leukemias in
      vivo. To explore the genetic control of MeSAdo phosphorylase expression, we
      measured levels of the enzyme in somatic cell hybrids prepared by fusing MeSAdo
      phosphorylase-deficient mouse L cell lines with human fibroblasts. In the hybrid
      clones, MeSAdo phosphorylase activity segregated concordantly with adenylate
      kinase 1, a marker for human chromosome 9, but not with enzyme markers for any
      other human chromosome. In hybrid clones derived from human fibroblasts with a
      reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 17, MeSAdo phosphorylase
      activity was confined to cells containing the 9pter----9q12 region. In every
      case, the enzyme-positive hybrid clones displayed bands of MeSAdo phosphorylase
      activity with isoelectric points characteristic of both the human and murine
      enzymes. These results indicate that the structural gene for human MeSAdo
      phosphorylase, designated MTAP, can be assigned to the 9pter----9q12 region of
      human chromosome 9. Furthermore, these studies with interspecies somatic cell
      hybrids show that the MeSAdo phosphorylase-deficient state is recessive in mouse
      L cell lines.

PMID- 6425837
TI  - Phosphatidylserine functions as the major precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine
      in cultured BHK-21 cells.
AB  - Pulse-chase experiments with [3H]serine provide evidence that significant amounts
      of phosphatidylserine turn over to form phosphatidylethanolamine in mammalian
      cells in tissue culture. Phospholipase C hydrolysis of
      [3H]phosphatidylethanolamine synthesized from [3H]serine by baby hamster kidney
      (BHK-21) cells demonstrates that nearly all of the radiolabel remains in the
      ethanolamine moiety. Uniform labeling experiments with [3H]serine further
      demonstrate that the distribution of radiolabel in phosphatidylserine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine is nearly identical to the mass ratio of these lipids.
      Physiological concentrations of ethanolamine (20 microM) have only a marginal
      effect upon the ability of cells in culture to incorporate radiolabeled serine
      into either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine. These data provide
      compelling evidence that phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via
      phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase contributes significantly
      to membrane biogenesis in mammalian cells.

PMID- 6425838
TI  - Immunity to type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis: a current appraisal.

PMID- 6425839
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing personnel in the hospitals of the Emilia Romagna region].

PMID- 6425840
TI  - [Evaluation of professional student nurses].

PMID- 6425841
TI  - [A patient in neurosurgery. Nursing decisions].

PMID- 6425843
TI  - [Nursing research].

PMID- 6425842
TI  - [First aid, transportation and resuscitation in severe head injury].

PMID- 6425844
TI  - [Hospital's role in preventive medicine].

PMID- 6425845
TI  - PCB poisoning in Japan and Taiwan. A collection of papers dealing with the
      effects of PCBs and related compounds.

PMID- 6425846
TI  - Neurological studies on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-poisoned patients.
AB  - Thirty-five patients out of the 2,000 PCB-poisoned cases that occurred in central
      Taiwan in 1978 were neurologically studied in 1980. Neurological manifestation
      included clinical peripheral sensory neuropathy in about two thirds of the cases,
      headache in two-fifths and dizziness in one-third. There was no relationship
      between the blood PCB concentration in patients with neurological manifestation
      and those without. Sensory nerve conduction velocity was reduced in about half of
      the case and motor nerve conduction was delayed in about one-third of the cases,
      which suggested that PCB poisoning apparently affected not only sensory nerve
      conduction but also motor nerve conduction. Normal CSF PCB concentrations (0.5
      2.3 ppb) indicated that PCB had difficulty penetrating the blood-brain barrier. A
      mildly abnormal EEG pattern was found in one fifth of twenty-seven cases.

PMID- 6425847
TI  - Ocular manifestation of polychlorinated biphenyls intoxication.
AB  - One hundred thirty patients with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning (46
      males, 84 females) were examined in the department of Ophthalmology, Veterans
      General Hospital, Taiwan. The main ocular manifestations were profuse discharge
      from the eye, swelling and pigmentation of the upper lids, abnormal pigmentation
      of the conjunctivae, and hypersecretion and swelling of the Meibomian glands. Eye
      discharge was present in 104 (80.5%) of the 130 patients; swelling of upper lids
      was seen in 79 (60.4%); pigmentation of conjunctivae was found in 88 (67.6%);
      hypersecretion and cystic swelling of the Meibomian glands was seen in 92
      (70.7%); and 5 patients (3.8%) required incision and drainage because of cystic
      formation with secondary infection of the Meibomian glands. PCB concentration in
      the blood was classified into five groups: 0-15 ppb, 16-40 ppb, 41-60 ppb, and
      over 100 ppb by gas chromatography. Positive clinical findings increased parallel
      to high blood PCB concentration. In particular, heavy pigmentation of
      conjunctivae, abnormal cystic formation and hypersecretion of the Meibomian
      glands occurred markedly in those patients whose blood PCB concentration was
      above 41 ppb. It is concluded that the severity of ocular manifestations was
      closely related to high blood PCB levels. Ocular signs might help not only as a
      guide to early diagnosis but might also serve to indicate the degree of poisoning
      by PCB.

PMID- 6425848
TI  - Past and current medical states of yusho patients.
AB  - A subacute poisoning, "yusho," caused by the ingestion of Kanemi rice oil which
      had been accidentally contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
      occurred in the western part of Japan in 1968. During the past decade, various
      clinical symptoms of yusho patients have diminished gradually. However, some of
      the symptoms and signs, such as pigmentation of the skin, conjunctiva and
      gingiva, eye discharge, and various nonspecific general symptoms still remain in
      a number of severely ill patients. In this report, clinical observations of yusho
      patients during 1968-78 are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6425849
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, and quaterphenyls in the toxic rice
      bran oil and PCBs in the blood of patients with PCB poisoning in Taiwan.
AB  - A mass outbreak of poisoning occurred in central Taiwan in 1979 due to the
      ingestion of rice-bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In
      addition to PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) and polychlorinated
      quaterphenyls ( PCQs ) were also found in the contaminated oil. The levels of
      toxic agents in the rice-oil samples collected from factory and school cafeterias
      and the families of the intoxicated patients were in the range of 53-99 ppm, 0.18
      0.40 ppm, and 25-53 ppm for PCBs, PCDFs , and PCQs , respectively. Major
      components of PCBs and PCDFs in the toxic oil were separated and identified by
      gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using
      glass capillary columns. The most toxic PCB reported in commercial PCB
      preparations, 3,4,3'-4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, was found in the toxic oil as well
      as in one of the patients' blood and adipose tissue at an early stage of
      poisoning. The blood samples of 165 patients collected 9 to 18 months after the
      onset of poisoning contained 10 to 720 ppb of PCBs with a mean value of 38 ppb.
      One of the most toxic PCDFs , 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, was retained in
      the liver of a deceased patient. This compound could play an important role in
      the etiology of PCB poisoning in Taiwan.

PMID- 6425850
TI  - A trial of fasting cure for PCB-poisoned patients in Taiwan.
AB  - Sixteen patients poisoned by ingestion of a rice oil contaminated with
      polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in Taiwan voluntarily joined a trial of fasting cure
      for either seven or ten days approximately 26 or 35 months after being poisoned.
      During fasting, mixed juice made of fresh vegetables and fruits and milk or "
      tohnyu ," that is, boiled soybean juice, were given on a fixed schedule. All
      these patients showed improvements of their symptoms and signs caused by the
      poisoning. Some of them enjoyed a dramatic relief of their sufferings such as
      severe headache, lumbago, arthralgia, pain at the sole, cough, sputa, and/or
      acneiform eruptions. The eruptions forming abscesses or cysts were, however, hard
      to cure. Thus, the fasting cure was demonstrated to be effective in the treatment
      of the patients. PCB concentrations in blood were rather elevated during and
      after the fasting.

PMID- 6425851
TI  - Autopsy of patients with yusho.
AB  - Autopsy findings of 12 patients with yusho including 2 stillborn babies are
      reported. Characteristic pathological changes were acne-like eruptions and
      cutaneous pigmentation with histological features of follicular hyperkeratosis,
      dilated hair follicles, and an increase of melanin pigment of the epidermis. In
      addition to the skin lesions, multiplication of the duct epithelium of the
      esophageal gland was found in 6 patients. Unusual multiple small foci of
      myocardial necrosis and fibrosis with basophilic myofibrillar degeneration were
      found in one patient, suggesting a relation to PCB exposure. Five cases with
      carcinomas (two involving the liver, two the lung, and one the esophagus) were
      also found, but their causal relationship with PCB was not certain. Nine cases
      showed the characteristic gas chromatographic pattern of yusho, but two cases had
      the same one as that of healthy controls.

PMID- 6425852
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans in patients with yusho and their
      toxicological significance: a review.
AB  - The rice oil ingested by the patients with yusho and their blood, liver, and
      adipose tissue were analyzed for individual congeners of polychlorinated
      biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ). The individual
      congeners identified were examined for accumulation in the liver of monkeys and
      rats, inducing activities of benzo[a]pyrene 3-hydroxylase, benzphetamine
      demethylase, and DT-diaphorase in rats, and gravimetric changes of the thymus and
      liver in rats. Among the six PCB congeners detected in yusho patients,
      2,3,4,5,3',4'-hexa-CB seems to be the compound most related to yusho judging from
      its strong enzyme-inducing activities in the liver and the thymus atrophy and
      liver hypertrophy caused by feeding it to rats. PCDF congeners identified in the
      patients' tissues showed a stronger toxicity in rats than these PCBs, exhibiting
      stronger enzyme induction activities and gravimetric changes of the tissues.
      These PCDF congeners, especially 2,3,4,7,8-penta-CDF, were also very accumulative
      in the liver. Therefore, they are considered as the most important etiologic
      agents for the current symptoms and signs of yusho patients.

PMID- 6425853
TI  - Causal agents of yusho.
AB  - Through the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated
      quaterphenyls ( PCQs ), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) retained in
      the blood of Japanese and Taiwanese patients who had been poisoned by ingesting
      contaminated cooking oils, in the blood of workers occupationally exposed to
      PCBs, and in the blood of unexposed individuals, it was strongly suggested that
      PCDFs might be the responsible compounds for the development of yusho disease. To
      confirm this, animal experiments were done. The dermal signs resembling those of
      yusho were observed among the cynomolgus monkeys that received a PCDF mixture
      consisting of PCDF components similar to those in the yusho oils. In addition,
      significant thymic atrophy and decreased body weight gain were noted in the rats
      fed PCDFs . However, the administration of PCBs of PCQs alone failed to cause
      such signs in the monkeys or rats. As a result, it became clear that PCDFs were
      the main causative agents in the pathogenesis of yusho disease.

PMID- 6425854
TI  - PCBs in blood of workers exposed to PCBs and their health status.
AB  - Fact-finding surveys of workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated
      biphenyls (PCBs) in the production of silk thread or of paint were carried out.
      Some of the workers showed higher PCB levels in the plasma than typical yusho
      patients. Gas chromatographic patterns of their PCBs were shown to match the
      pattern of the PCBs to which they had been exposed. Levels of polychlorinated
      quaterphenyls in their blood were lower than 0.02 ppb. Medical findings were
      slight compared with typical yusho patients. From these results, the differences
      in contamination with PCBs and relevant compounds and in health status between
      these workers and yusho patients are discussed.

PMID- 6425855
TI  - Discovery and epidemiology of PCB poisoning in Taiwan.
AB  - An outbreak of PCB poisoning through consumption of the contaminated rice Oil in
      Central Taiwan was investigated. It covered four counties and there were 1,843
      cases by the end of 1980. The highest frequency of incidence occurred during the
      period from March to July 1979. Severity of clinical manifestations was graded,
      most patients exhibiting mild or moderate severity. The major age group of the
      outbreak was between 11 to 20 years old. Most of the victims were students and
      factory workers. The amount of PCB intake in each victim was estimated to be 0.7
      to 1.84 gm and the latent period from the time of intake to the onset of clinical
      manifestations was approximately three to four months. The patients' blood PCB
      concentrations ranged from 3 to 1,156 ppb. In 613 patients, 44.37% (272 patients)
      had PCB levels of 51-100 ppb, and 27.51% (169 patients) had levels over 100 ppb.

PMID- 6425856
TI  - Potato lectin - a glycoprotein with two domains.

PMID- 6425857
TI  - Crystallographic and chemical studies on cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 6425858
TI  - 2-Aminoethylphosphonate: pyruvate aminotransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6425859
TI  - Studies on the self inactivation of rabbit brain GABA transaminase by beta
      alanine.

PMID- 6425860
TI  - Phosphate as a probe of structure and function of aspartate transaminase
      isozymes.

PMID- 6425861
TI  - Structure of the active site of prostaglandin synthase from studies of depsides:
      an alternate view.
AB  - Evaluation of the structure of the lichen depside, 4-0-methylcryptochlorophaeic
      acid, the most potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis known, and its
      potential interaction with heme supports a model of the active site of
      prostaglandin synthase initially suggested by studies of arachidonic acid-heme
      interaction.

PMID- 6425862
TI  - The effect of superoxide dismutase and catalase on metabolism of 3H-arachidonic
      acid by washed platelets.
AB  - Previous experiments have suggested that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
      (CAT) may inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. The purpose of this study was to
      determine if these free radical scavengers can alter the metabolism of free
      arachidonic acid (AA) by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzyme systems in
      platelets. In control experiments washed platelets were incubated with 3H-AA for
      5 minutes, extracted and the products separated by reverse phase high pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC). In normal intact platelets 13.5 +/- 0.6% of the
      radioactivity was found in TxB2, 16.3 +/- 1.4% in HHT, 61.3 +/- 1.1% in 12-HETE
      and 9.0 +/- 1.0% was unconverted AA. Pre-incubating the platelets for 1 minute
      with 10 micrograms/ml SOD or CAT or 10 micrograms/ml SOD plus 10 micrograms/ml
      CAT did not inhibit AA conversion or alter the percent product distribution.
      Similarly, SOD and CAT had no effect on AA metabolism in broken cells. However,
      as expected, pretreating platelets with indomethacin blocked TxB2 and HHT
      formation (P less than .0001). We conclude that SOD and CAT do not inhibit
      cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase metabolism of free AA in platelets.

PMID- 6425863
TI  - Albumin stimulates the release of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine in
      hamster lungs.
AB  - 14C-Arachidonic acid injected into the pulmonary circulation of isolated hamster
      lungs was effectively incorporated into lung lipids. Once retained the radiolabel
      was relatively stable but the release of radioactivity increased up to 10-fold
      when bovine serum albumin (1%) was added to the perfusate. This efflux of
      radioactivity was not blocked by quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor. In
      albumin experiments the released 14C-arachidonate originated mainly from the
      phospholipid fraction in which phosphatidylcholine was the main source of the
      released radioactivity. Pulmonary infusion of albumin had no significant effect
      on the amount of 14C-arachidonic acid in the neutral lipid or free fatty acid
      fractions of perfused lungs. In experiments with albumin about 80% of the
      released radioactivity co-chromatographed with unlabelled arachidonic acid
      whereas in the absence of albumin only about 20% of the released radioactivity
      was unmetabolized arachidonic acid. This study indicates that albumin stimulates
      the release of arachidonic acid from isolated hamster lungs and that the release
      is increased mainly from the phosphatidylcholine fraction.

PMID- 6425864
TI  - The effect of oxytocin, estrogen, calcium ionophore A23187 and hydrocortisone on
      prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha production by cultured
      human endometrial and myometrial explants.
AB  - Normal human endometrium (classified by histology and date after last menstrual
      period) was cultured for 72h, and the output of prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-oxo
      prostaglandin F1 alpha detected by radioimmunoassay. Hormones/stimuli were added
      to the culture during the second day of culture for 5h and 19h periods. The
      output of prostaglandin F2 alpha from cultured endometrium was significantly
      higher (p less than 0.05) at the beginning (d4-8) and end (d25-30) of the
      menstrual cycle, compared to mid-cycle (d13-24) endometrium. Significantly more
      prostaglandin F2 alpha was released from proliferative than from secretory phase
      endometrium (p less than 0.02). Prostaglandin F2 alpha release was rapidly
      stimulated by sodium arachidonate (20-300 micrograms/ml), and by calcium
      ionophore A23187 (5 micrograms/ml) at an extracellular calcium ion concentration
      of 1.8mM. The ionophore stimulation was greater in mid-cycle endometrium than in
      endometrium from the beginning or the end of the menstrual cycle. Estradiol-17
      beta (10 ng/ml) gradually increased the output of prostaglandin F2 alpha from
      secretory phase endometrium, and this stimulation was observed in the post
      incubation period after hormone had been removed from the incubation medium.
      Oxytocin (1 X 10(-5) U/ml caused a more rapid stimulation of prostaglandin F2
      alpha output from secretory phase tissue (p less than 0.05 during the first 5h
      incubation period with hormone). Oxytocin (1 X 10(-5) U/ml) and estradiol
      (10ng/ml) together significantly stimulated prostaglandin F2 alpha production by
      proliferative as well as secretory phase endometria. A high dose of
      hydrocortisone (100 micrograms/ml) inhibited the output of prostaglandin F2 alpha
      from proliferative and secretory phase endometrium and also from ionophore
      stimulated endometrium. However, this dose of hydrocortisone did not inhibit the
      synthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha from exogenous arachidonic acid, or the
      estradiol-induced increase in prostaglandin F2 alpha production. Co-culture of
      endometrium with myometrium did not modify the output of prostaglandin F2 alpha
      or of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha from cultured tissues. These experiments
      suggest that arachidonic acid supply to the cyclooxygenase enzyme may vary during
      the menstrual cycle; and indicate a gradual increase in prostaglandin
      synthesising capacity in response to estrogen, more rapid control via oxytocin,
      and an interaction between estrogen and oxytocin to modulate prostaglandin F2
      alpha synthesis in human endometrium.

PMID- 6425865
TI  - Modification of prostaglandin generation by L-histidine--possible pathogenetic
      implication in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The effect of l-histidine on arachidonic acid metabolism was studied in rabbit
      splenic fibroblast cultures and human platelets. The noradrenaline-stimulated
      generation of PGE2 in fibroblast cultures was inhibited by l-histidine dose
      dependently. In the same way l-histidine diminished the aggregation-induced
      synthesis of TXB2 in human platelets. In contrast to this, after incubation with
      l-histidine the generation of PGE2 in activated platelets increased in a dose
      dependent way up to 240% of pretreatment values. The further increase of l
      histidine concentration resulted in an inhibition of platelet PGE2 synthesis. The
      present results demonstrate a differential influence of the amino acid l
      histidine on cell arachidonic acid metabolism. It is concluded that the supposed
      anti-rheumatic property of l-histidine is caused by its effect on the synthesis
      of prostaglandins which are known to be mediators of inflammation.

PMID- 6425866
TI  - Effects of aqueous extracts of onion, garlic and ginger on platelet aggregation
      and metabolism of arachidonic acid in the blood vascular system: in vitro study.
AB  - Aqueous extracts of onion, garlic and ginger were found to inhibit aggregation
      induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonate in a dose-dependent manner
      in vitro. In the case of onion and garlic extracts relatively much higher volumes
      were need to bring about even a modest inhibition (by ca. 13-18%) of thromboxane
      synthesis in washed platelets from labelled AA. On the other hand a good
      correlation was found between the amounts of ginger extract needed to inhibit
      platelet aggregation and those to inhibit platelet thromboxane synthesis. Ginger
      extract reduced also platelet prostaglandin-endoperoxides. A dose-related
      inhibition of platelet thromboxane- and prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2)
      synthesis was affected by ginger extract. Extracts of onion, garlic and ginger
      inhibited biosynthesis of prostacyclin in rat aorta from labelled AA. Ginger
      extract mildly inhibited the synthesis of prostacyclin from endogenous pool of AA
      in rat aorta; the other two extracts were without effect.

PMID- 6425867
TI  - Effect of using calcium-free Krebs' solution on basal and A23187-stimulated
      prostaglandin output from the Day 15 guinea-pig uterus superfused in vitro.
AB  - The basal outputs of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and PGE2 from the Day 15 guinea
      pig uterus superfused in vitro were unaffected by omitting Ca2+ from the Krebs'
      solution. In contrast, this omission of Ca2+ reduced the basal output of 6-oxo
      PGF1 alpha (which reflects PGI2 production) from the uterus by an average of 50%.
      Spontaneous and A23187-stimulated contractions of, and the stimulation by A23187
      of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha outputs from the Day 15 guinea-pig
      uterus were all abolished by superfusing the tissue with Krebs' solution lacking
      Ca2+. It is concluded that the basal output of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the occurrence
      of spontaneous contractions, and the effects of A23187 on PG output and
      contractility of the Day 15 guinea-pig uterus are dependent on extracellular
      Ca2+. However, the increase in PGF2 alpha output from the guinea-pig uterus on
      Day 15 compared to days much earlier in the cycle is apparently not dependent
      upon extracellular Ca2+. The implications of these findings regarding the
      biochemical mechanisms involved in the increased synthesis of PGF2 alpha (the
      uterus luteolytic hormone) by the guinea-pig endometrium during the last one
      third of the cycle are discussed.

PMID- 6425868
TI  - Maternal aspirin administration inhibits pulmonary arachidonic acid metabolism in
      fetal rabbits.
AB  - Pregnant rabbits were treated with aspirin (100 mg/kg/day) for ten consecutive
      days during the last third of the pregnancy. The ability of isolated perfused
      fetal rabbit lungs to metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) was studied on the 31st
      day of the pregnancy. After the infusion of 14C-AA (100 nmol) into the pulmonary
      circulation about 10% of the radioactivity was found in the nonrecirculating
      perfusion effluent and about 80% was incorporated into the lung lipids. Aspirin
      pretreatment of the rabbits inhibited the formation of AA metabolites in the
      lungs of their fetuses. The inhibition was clear when the metabolites of AA were
      extracted from the perfusion effluent at pH 7.4 (mainly lipoxygenase products)
      but a slight inhibition was also seen in the amounts of some metabolites
      extracted at pH 4.5 (cyclo-oxygenase products). When aspirin (1 mM) was infused
      simultaneously with AA into the pulmonary circulation the inhibition of AA
      metabolism was nearly complete. Aspirin pretreatment of the pregnant rabbits
      caused a slight increase in the amount of 14C-AA incorporated into some of the
      phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions of the perfused fetal lungs. Aspirin
      pretreatment clearly inhibited the TXB2 formation during clotting in the blood of
      maternal rabbits but not significantly in the blood of their fetuses.

PMID- 6425869
TI  - Enteric-coated aspirin, platelet cyclooxygenase activity and function.
AB  - Recent studies evaluating the effect of slow releasing enteric-coated aspirin
      formulations have reported contradictory findings regarding the bioavailability
      of the active molecule in the circulating blood and the length of duration of the
      inhibitory effect on platelet function. In the present study, we have evaluated
      the effect of a single dose of two commercially available enteric-coated aspirins
      on platelet arachidonic acid metabolism and function. A single dose of slow
      releasing aspirin was as effective as fast acting regular aspirin in its effect
      on cyclooxygenase activity and platelet function in both human and canine
      platelets. However, in view of its slow releasing property, the onset of
      inhibition was considerably delayed compared to the action of fast acting aspirin
      in those subjects who ingested enteric-coated aspirins.

PMID- 6425871
TI  - Neutron kerma values above 15 MeV calculated with a nuclear model applicable to
      light nuclei.

PMID- 6425870
TI  - Inhibition studies of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities by
      furosemide and salicylamide.
AB  - Contrarily to cytochrome P-450, a few inhibitors of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
      have been described. We verified the nature of the in vitro inhibition due to
      furosemide, using 4 different aglycones (morphine, p-nitrophenol, borneol and
      eugenol) presumably belong may to different clusters of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activities. The variations of these corresponding kinetic
      parameters (Km, Vmax, specific activities) must correspond to different
      inhibition mechanisms of furosemide, for example different site(s) of fixation in
      the area of the active site of UDPGT. Because these variations were not as
      classically described, we checked the impact of furosemide pretreatment on in
      vitro levels of different UDPGT activities. We compared these result, with
      another inhibitor (salicylamide). The apparent induction due to the both
      molecules enforced the hypothesis of a complexe inhibition mechanism.

PMID- 6425872
TI  - On the noninvasive measurement of intracellular free magnesium by 31P NMR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - We previously introduced a noninvasive measurement of the concentration of free
      Mg2+ in intact cells and tissues using 31P NMR. To resolve a controversy in the
      literature concerning the affinity of Mg2+ for ATP used in our procedure, the
      apparent dissociation constant of MgATP under simulated intracellular conditions
      has been determined by three independent magnetic resonance methods, including a
      newly developed combination procedure for determining this value at intracellular
      ATP levels. The new combination method, which utilizes 31P NMR to determine the
      degree of Mg2+ chelation of ATP and the dye antipyrylazo III for optical
      determination of free Mg2+, yielded a value of (50 +/- 10) microM for this
      apparent dissociation constant at pH 7.2 in the presence of 0.15 M K+ and 25
      degrees C. We further show that hydroxyquinolines are not satisfactory indicators
      for optical determination of the Mg2+-nucleotide dissociation constant. From our
      determinations a low value of free Mg2+ (less than 1 mM) is established for all
      of the tissues studied, including perfused heart muscle, contrary to a recent
      report in the literature. Saturating human erythrocytes with Mg2+ results in an
      alpha- and beta-phosphorus resonance separation for intracellular ATP that is
      indistinguishable from that observed in a noncellular MgATP control under similar
      conditions, showing that MgATP resonances in this cell are unaffected by the
      cellular environment.

PMID- 6425873
TI  - Repression of lysine transport in E. coli KL16.
AB  - Data reported in this paper show that both lysine transport systems in E. coli
      KL16 can be repressed by lysine and its isologs, thialysine and selenalysine,
      whereas they are not repressed by ornithine. The repression is specific on lysine
      transport systems; it is evident with 0.01 mM lysine or isolog concentration and
      reaches a maximum with 0.1 mM concentration. By comparing the extent of
      repression by lysine and its isologs, lysine gives the highest and selenalysine
      the lowest degree of repression. The shift from the repressed to the depressed
      state is rather immediate once the amino acid is removed from the culture medium.

PMID- 6425874
TI  - Diazepam blocks fear-enhanced startle elicited electrically from the brainstem.
AB  - Startle-like responses were elicited electrically from the ventral cochlear
      nucleus (VCN) in darkness or in the presence of a light that had previously been
      paired with shocks. These startle-like responses were potentiated by the light
      and potentiation was selectively decreased by diazepam in a dose-related fashion
      (0.625 to 2.5 mg/kg). The benzodiazepine antagonist RO15-1788 attenuated the
      effect of diazepam. The data indicate that potentiation of electrically elicited
      startle behaves like acoustically elicited startle, providing further evidence
      that electrical elicitation of startle is a viable experimental technique.

PMID- 6425875
TI  - [Current views on the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6425876
TI  - The physiology and clinical implications of wound healing. Part I. Wound healing
      physiology.

PMID- 6425877
TI  - Alterations in local blood flow and tissue-gas tension caused by epinephrine.
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of epinephrine markedly reduced local tissue pO2 levels
      and blood flow while increasing tissue pCO2 in a rat model. The duration and
      magnitude of these effects were correlated with prolonged elevation of tissue
      levels of epinephrine and were proportional to the amount of epinephrine
      injected.

PMID- 6425878
TI  - Monitors for the cutaneous microcirculation.
AB  - Scientific evidence is not yet sufficient to justify a large expenditure on
      equipment simply for clinical monitoring. Despite reservations about reliability,
      thermometry certainly appears the most cost-effective technique. It is of
      particular value in monitoring digits. Since these are end organs, spurious
      information arising because of heat conducted from deep tissues is eliminated,
      and multiple digits are easily monitored simultaneously. Implantable systems
      providing direct information relating to the condition of a microanastomosis may
      eventually prove more versatile and effective clinically than externally applied
      techniques, although the physiological information which they provide is limited.

PMID- 6425879
TI  - Behavior and diabetes care.
AB  - Juvenile diabetes presents both the child and the family with psychosocial
      challenges. Control of the illness and the development of the diabetic child
      depend on how effectively the family meets these challenges. Maladaptive family
      interaction can lead to behavioral difficulties as well as poor diabetic control.
      Problems of recurrent ketoacidosis and noncompliance are highlighted with case
      histories.

PMID- 6425880
TI  - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and young adults.
AB  - The medical emergency of diabetic ketoacidosis is a particular problem for
      children with insulin-dependent diabetes because it is frequently associated with
      their initial presentation. Subsequent episodes can be prevented with proper use
      of personal glucose monitoring. The pathophysiology and diagnosis of diabetic
      ketoacidosis are reviewed, and a framework for the management of this
      complication in children is provided.

PMID- 6425881
TI  - Clinical pancreas and islet transplantation. Part 1: registry statistics and an
      overview.
AB  - Pancreas transplantation has evolved into a safe and moderately successful
      procedure for the treatment of selected patients whose diabetic complications are
      more serious than the potential side effects of chronic immunosuppression. Islet
      transplantation, however, remains largely unsuccessful. An overview of pancreas
      and islet transplantation experience worldwide is presented. Results of
      transplants according to association with kidney transplants, technique,
      immunosuppression, and organ preservation are evaluated.

PMID- 6425882
TI  - Clinical pancreas and islet transplantation. Part 2: pancreas transplantation at
      the University of Minnesota.
AB  - The results of pancreas transplantation at the University of Minnesota according
      to technique, donor source, and immunosuppressive therapy are discussed.
      Preliminary evidence suggests that not only prevention but reversal of lesions
      resulting from diabetes may be possible with pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6425883
TI  - Father to the child: psychoanalytic reflections.

PMID- 6425884
TI  - On Christianity and the oedipal winner.

PMID- 6425885
TI  - Proverbs of love and marriage: a psychological perspective.

PMID- 6425886
TI  - Klein and Kohut: clinical confluence despite theoretical differences.

PMID- 6425887
TI  - The analytic relationship and its therapeutic factors from a parapsychological
      viewpoint.

PMID- 6425888
TI  - Critical comments on object relations theory.

PMID- 6425889
TI  - Family structure and dynamics in DePalma's horror films.
AB  - An analysis of the familial relationships in Brian DePalma's five major horror
      films reveals a persistent unconscious fantasy formation involving the nuclear
      family. These single-parent, only-child families are all tragically destroyed
      because of an inability to adequately mourn the absent parent. Although the
      asexual young adults in the films are spared the completely disastrous effects of
      madness and violence, they are still psychologically traumatized. This hidden
      subtextual theme involving the family parallels DePalma's bleak view of authority
      figures outside the home, as well as American society in general. Adequate
      identity formation requires that people both inside and outside the family accept
      the adolescent as a separate person. The grim psychological truth threading its
      way throughout DePalma's horror films is that these young adults are psychically
      devastated by the effects of a primitive, fused symbiotic relationship in
      interaction with a society that does not provide an adequate role for the
      developing person. Consequently, their attempt to psychologically move outside
      the family, which includes the maturation of their sexuality, results in the
      destruction of the family itself.

PMID- 6425890
TI  - Methodological issues in the measurement of serum TSH--implications for
      psychiatry.
AB  - The TSH response to TRH has been reported to be blunted in endogenous depression.
      We compared two radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques of TSH in 21 subjects (7
      psychiatric inpatients, 14 normal controls) to determine whether differences in
      assay could account for discrepancies in the reported prevalence rates of blunted
      TSH responses in depression. A highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001)
      was found between the delta MAX TASH values of the two assays. The mean delta MAX
      TSH of one assay was significantly greater than the mean of the second assay. One
      assay yielded 6 blunted TSH responses to TRH, while the other yielded 9 such
      responses. Different TSH assay methods might account for discrepancies of the
      prevalence rates of blunted TSH response in depression.

PMID- 6425891
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression and thyrotropin-releasing hormone tests in
      depressed borderline patients.
AB  - Borderline patients can be both a diagnostic and a therapeutic enigma. We
      investigated a group of 24 depressed women with borderline personality disorder
      or strong borderline features by DSM III criteria for the presence of either an
      abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) or a blunted TSH response to TRH,
      abnormalities which have been reported in major depression. Thirteen of the 24
      borderlines failed to suppress on the DST, compared with one of 14 normal women
      (p less than 0.01). Nine of the 24 borderlines had a blunted TSH response to TRH,
      compared with one of 11 normal women. Neuroendocrine abnormalities were found in
      a total of 75% of the borderline women, independent of whether or not they met
      DSM III criteria for major depressive disorder. The results of this study support
      the notion that many borderline patients with depression have a genuine affective
      component to their illness, perhaps biologically similar to major depression in
      non-borderlines.

PMID- 6425892
TI  - Effects of scopolamine and nicotine on human rapid information processing
      performance.
AB  - In the first experiment, after a 10-min baseline test on a rapid information
      processing task, subjects received oral doses of either placebo, methscopolamine
      1.2 mg, scopolamine 0.6 mg or scopolamine 1.2 mg, and 1 h later performed the
      task again for a 20-min period. Following scopolamine 1.2 mg, correct detections
      were significantly lower over the 20-min period, whereas no such decrement was
      observed in the other three conditions. In the second experiment a similar design
      was used to study the effects of nicotine 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg and placebo,
      except that post-drug testing was carried out 10 min after baseline due to the
      faster absorption of nicotine. Nicotine helped prevent both the decline in
      detections and the increase in reaction time which occurred over time in the
      placebo condition. These findings indicate that compounds with opposite effects
      on central cholinergic pathways produce opposite effects on the performance of a
      task involving rapid information processing, and are consistent with previous
      findings from this laboratory.

PMID- 6425893
TI  - Inhibition by phospholipid liposomes of the prolactin and cortisol response to
      insulin hypoglycemia in man.
AB  - This study was designed to further investigate the purported dopaminergic
      activity of phospholipid liposomes (PL) prepared from bovine cerebral extracts,
      and to obtain further indications about their pituitary or suprapituitary site of
      action. In eight normal subjects, we have studied the effects of PL
      administration (250 mg as IV bolus plus additional 250 mg infused IV over a 60
      min period), compared to placebo, on the prolactin (PRL), cortisol and growth
      hormone (GH) response to an insulin tolerance test (ITT). In eight additional
      subjects, the effects of PL on the PRL and TSH response to TRH were evaluated. PL
      medication blunted the PRL and cortisol response in the ITT: significant
      differences, with respect to placebo administration, were observed between mean
      peak PRL values (51.9 +/- 13.63 SEM vs 83.4 +/- 26.35 ng/ml, P less than 0.05)
      and mean cortisol values at 120 min time (20.9 +/- 0.67 vs 26.7 +/- 2.46
      micrograms/dl, P less than 0.05). In contrast, PL administration did not modify
      the ITT-related GH rise or the PRL and TSH release in response to TRH. These
      findings favour the view that PL are endowed with intrinsic biological activity
      which is dopamine-mediated, and point to the hypothalamus as their primary site
      of action.

PMID- 6425894
TI  - Long-lasting single-dose tolerance to neurologic deficits induced by diazepam.
AB  - Development of single-dose tolerance to diazepam-induced neurologic deficits was
      assessed in mice by means of a rotarod test. Diazepam suspended in corn oil was
      administered orally in doses 5-20 mg/kg. Tolerance was found following a second
      administration of diazepam 24 h after a first dose. It decayed gradually over 4-5
      weeks. Hence tolerance persists considerably longer than measurable amounts of
      diazepam or its metabolites are likely to be present in mice.

PMID- 6425895
TI  - Treatment schedule as a determinant of the development of tolerance to
      haloperidol.
AB  - Three groups of rats received haloperidol 0.5 mg/kg IP twice daily for 20 days,
      twice daily for 10 days, or every other day for 40 days. The rats in control
      groups received saline injections according to the same schedules as the
      experimental groups. During the chronic treatments, spontaneous motor activity
      was measured as an indicator of behavioral tolerance, and at the completion of
      treatments, limbic and striatal homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were determined in
      order to provide a biochemical indication of tolerance. Both of the haloperidol
      groups on twice-daily injection schedules exhibited a trend towards recovery of
      spontaneous motor activity during treatment, indicative of behavioral tolerance,
      as well as reduced HVA levels indicative of near complete biochemical tolerance.
      The group receiving haloperidol every other day exhibited a trend toward
      behavioral intolerance to haloperidol, along with elevated HVA levels that
      indicated a complete absence of tolerance. The suggested importance of treatment
      schedule rather than cumulative drug dosage in the development of tolerance to
      haloperidol may have significance to long-term side effects of chronic
      neuroleptic treatment such as tardive dyskinesia and clinical issues such as drug
      holidays.

PMID- 6425896
TI  - External stimulus control in a "drug-discrimination" procedure: drug effects and
      inter-animal variation.
AB  - Rats (N = 12) were trained to discriminate between two stimulus conditions S1 and
      S2, consisting of combinations of visual and tactile stimuli [S1: box lighted (L)
      and wooden floor insert present (W); S2: box dark (D) and grid floor present (G)]
      in a two-lever discrimination procedure. S1 was continuously present during half
      of the sessions, and S2 was continuously present during the remaining sessions.
      Morphine (0.3--6 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.04--0.08 mg/kg), but not
      chlorpromazine (1--4 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.031--0.125 mg/kg), decreased the
      accuracy of discriminative responding during S1 sessions. None of the drugs
      significantly affected discrimination accuracy during S2 sessions. After drug
      testing was completed, reversed combinations of the visual and tactile stimuli
      were tested (i.e. L + G, and D + W). Inter-animal variation in the control by the
      component stimuli was observed. The results suggest that "intermediate results"
      (i.e. equal responding on drug and saline lever) in drug discrimination research,
      if observed at the highest dose of a drug at which animals still respond, may be
      interpreted in terms of a drug-induced disruption of discriminative responding.
      The results further suggest that inter-animal variation in the outcome of drug
      generalization tests may be partly related to inter-animal variation in the
      degree of stimulus control by different components of the training drug stimulus.

PMID- 6425897
TI  - Effect of naloxone administration upon responses of adrenal hormones to
      withdrawal from ethanol.
AB  - Rats maintained on an ethanol-liquid diet developed physical dependence after 16
      days. Activation of adrenocortical function and overactivity of the
      sympathoadrenal system were observed during withdrawal from ethanol. The opiate
      antagonist naloxone prevented the adrenomedullary response, and attenuated,
      though not significantly, the increases in serum corticosterone induced by
      ethanol deprivation. These findings suggest that endogenous opioid pathways may
      be involved in the ethanol-withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 6425898
TI  - Involvement of dopamine in the antinociceptive response to footshock.
AB  - The effects of drugs which alter dopaminergic function on footshock-induced
      antinociception were studied in the rat. Antinociception due to brief (30 s)
      footshock was inversely related to dopamine (DA). Thus, it was increased by the
      DA receptor antagonists pimozide and haloperidol and decreased by the specific D2
      dopamine receptor agonist LY 141865, but not by the specific D1 agonist SKF
      38393. Although pimozide increased the antinociceptive effect of 30-s shock, it
      decreased that of 30-min shock. It is suggested that DA may have physiological
      roles in stress-induced antinociception, and that these may differ according to
      the duration of stress.

PMID- 6425899
TI  - Differential aversive stimulus properties of beta-phenylethylamine and of d
      amphetamine.
AB  - In a conditioned taste-aversion experiment with male Wistar rats (two-bottle
      test, single pairing), the effects of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA 12.5, 25.0,
      50.0, 100.0 mg/kg IP) and of d-amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg IP) were compared with the
      effect of the saline vehicle. The amphetamine-treated group exhibited a marked
      aversion to saccharin on each of four retention trials. A decrease in saccharin
      intake after PEA was limited to the highest dose group (100 mg/kg) and the first
      retention trial for that group. Doses of up to 50 mg/kg of PEA were also
      ineffective with a single-bottle conditioned taste-aversion procedure involving
      multiple conditioning trials, although doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg of PEA induced
      marked changes in spontaneous motor activity. These data demonstrate that
      behaviourally active doses of PEA are ineffective in inducing a conditioned taste
      aversion to saccharin. This result extends previous reports that structurally
      similar compounds may have different potencies in this paradigm. It is proposed
      that further studies of structure-activity relationships may help to reveal the
      features of drug action that are necessary for the induction of a conditioned
      taste aversion.

PMID- 6425900
TI  - The relationship between stereotypy and memory improvement produced by
      amphetamine.
AB  - This study examined the possibility that amphetamine-induced stereotypy and
      facilitation of memory consolidation are both mediated by amphetamine's
      stimulation of dopaminergic activity in the caudate nucleus. In the first
      experiment, rats were given pairings of a tone and a shock followed by SC
      amphetamine (2 mg/kg). The amount of stereotypy and increased locomotor activity
      produced by the injection were measured immediately. Retention of the tone-shock
      association was evaluated 48 h later by observing the ability of the tone to
      suppress drinking. The degree of retention was significantly correlated with the
      amount of stereotypy but not with the amount of locomotion previously measured.
      In the second experiment, amphetamine was microinjected into the caudate nucleus
      (10 micrograms/microliters) and its ability to produce the same three behavioral
      effects was examined. These injections produced increased stereotypy and improved
      retention, but no increase in locomotion. The correlation of memory facilitation
      with stereotypy and the fact that both were produced by intracaudate amphetamine
      suggest that they may be mediated by the same neuropharmacological substrate,
      namely amphetamine-induced release of dopamine in the caudate.

PMID- 6425901
TI  - Neurochemical effects of minaprine, a novel psychotropic drug, on the central
      cholinergic system of the rat.
AB  - Minaprine, a novel psychotropic drug with antidepressant, anticataleptic and
      antiaggressive properties, produced an increase in rat brain regional
      acetylcholine content at a subconvulsant dose of 30 mg/kg IP. The greatest
      increase (60%) was produced in the striatum, whereas an increase of about 35% was
      obtained in the hippocampus and the rest of the cortex. A small but significant
      increase of 14% was also found in the midbrain-hindbrain region. Minaprine
      decreased choline content only in the striatum. No tolerance to acute challenge
      was observed after 10-day chronic treatment. In vitro, the drug had no effect on
      striatal choline acetyltransferase activity up to a concentration of 160 microM
      and only weakly displaced (3H) dexetimide from its specific muscarinic receptor
      binding sites in striatum (IC50, 2 X 10(-4) M). After in vivo administration the
      drug did not affect sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake by a
      hippocampal homogenate. On the other hand, the drug inhibited both striatal and
      hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity at high (40-160 microM) concentrations
      in vitro. In vivo the drug produced a brief (5 min), small (18%) decrease in the
      enzymic activity which corresponded in time to the peak drug level attained in
      the brain, but was not concomitant with a change in striatal acetylcholine
      content. By contrast, the increase in striatal acetylcholine appeared after 30
      min when there was no longer inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and when
      the level of minaprine in brain was reduced by 78%. Blockade of dopamine
      receptors by pimozide pretreatment partially prevented the increase in striatal
      acetylcholine produced by minaprine, whereas interference with cholinergic or
      serontonergic neurotransmission was without effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6425902
TI  - Differences in the stereotypy response but not the hypomotility response to
      apomorphine in the Roman High and Low avoiding strains of rats.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out to investigate differences in the behavioural
      responses to "high" and "low" doses of apomorphine in two strains of rats
      selectively bred for high and low avoidance on a two-way active avoidance task:
      the Roman High and Low Avoiders. Significant strain differences were found in the
      stereotypy resulting from a high dose of apomorphine (2 mg/kg s.c.). In a second
      experiment no strain differences were, however, apparent for the hypomotility
      produced by low doses of the drug (0.05 mg/kg s.c.). Pretreatment with a low dose
      of apomorphine had no effect on the stereotypy response when the animals were
      subsequently retested with the high dose. These results may indicate differential
      sensitivities of dopamine receptors in these strains.

PMID- 6425903
TI  - Prenatal treatment with clomipramine: effects on the behaviour of male and female
      adolescent rats.
AB  - The tricyclic anti-depressant clomipramine (7.5 or 15 mg/kg/day) was administered
      to pregnant rats between days 8 and 21 of gestation. Between postnatal days 31
      and 47, both male and female offspring received three behavioural test. Prenatal
      clomipramine (15 mg/kg/day) increased baseline acoustic startle in females, but
      not in males; both sexes showed greater between-day response decrements if they
      had received clomipramine. In the social interaction test of anxiety, males
      prenatally exposed to clomipramine (both dosages), and females prenatally exposed
      to 7.5 mg/kg/day, revealed a similar profile to that seen after chronic
      administration of benzodiazepines in the adult. The likelihood that differences
      in within-session habituation could underlie the changes in social interaction
      that have been found in this and other studies is assessed.

PMID- 6425904
TI  - Public knowledge and attitudes about diazepam.
AB  - A total of 147 outpatients waiting for a prescription to be filled at a hospital
      pharmacy were tested on their knowledge about diazepam (Valium). Subjects scored
      highest on questions about the effects of a small overdose, the drug's
      interaction with alcohol and hypnotics, and the relative contraindications of
      pregnancy and breast-feeding. Subjects were least knowledgeable about the drug's
      generic name, side effects, and interaction with minor stimulants (coffee, tea,
      cola, and cigarettes). Subjects who had previously used diazepam (N = 97) knew
      significantly more than subjects who had never taken it, but subjects waiting for
      a diazepam prescription to be filled (N = 40) were not more knowledgeable than
      subjects having another type of prescription filled. In contrast to recent
      findings that increasing patients' drug knowledge via "Patient Package Inserts"
      (PPIs) may also create an overcautious attitude toward the drug, the present
      study finds that diazepam knowledge gained experimentally is accompanied by an
      attitude shift away from such overcautiousness.

PMID- 6425905
TI  - Time interval between sequential exposures to ethanol is critical for the
      development of neural tolerance or sensitivity.
AB  - DBA/2 and SW mice were injected sequentially with 4 g/kg body weight of ethanol
      five times at 24-, 48- and 72-h intervals, and the sleeping time induced by each
      exposure was recorded. DBA/2 mice given ethanol at 24-h and 48-h intervals
      developed tolerance, i.e., slept less than previously untreated animals, whereas
      SW mice slept longer, i.e., developed an increased neural sensitivity to ethanol.
      Injection of ethanol at 72-h intervals did not change the duration of sleep in
      either mouse strain. These data show the importance of timing of sequential
      ethanol injections for the induction of both tolerance and increased neural
      sensitivity.

PMID- 6425906
TI  - Drug effects on the repeated generalization of a visual discrimination acquired
      under one trial per day conditions.
AB  - Six pigeons were trained to respond under concurrent fixed-ratio extinction
      schedules of food reinforcement (FR 50) on the side keys of a three key chamber.
      Presence or absence of continuously-flashing, colored lights on the center key
      signalled which key pecking response (left or right) would be reinforced over the
      course of an entire experimental session; thus, the lights were analogous to a
      drug cue in drug-discrimination situations. In test (generalization) sessions of
      one FR in duration, the percentage of light on the center key was varied from 0
      to 100%. During these sessions, saline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; 0.04
      0.20 mg/kg) and morphine (3.75 mg/kg) produced orderly, log-linear light
      generalization gradients, but only LSD shifted the gradient to the right (by
      approximately 50%). These results demonstrate the potential value of the method
      for assessing the effects of drugs on both exteroceptive (light) and
      interoceptive (drug) stimulus control. The method has the additional advantage
      that the effects of drugs on such control (i.e., on stimulus generalization) are
      relatively unaffected by corresponding effects on response control (e.g., rate of
      responding).

PMID- 6425907
TI  - Effects of naloxone on methamphetamine and apomorphine stereotypy and on
      haloperidol catalepsy in rats.
AB  - Pretreatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone, at 1.25-5 mg/kg, increased the
      intensity of methamphetamine stereotypy, had no effect (over a range of 0.3125-5
      mg/kg) on apomorphine stereotypy, and antagonized haloperidol catalepsy in rats
      at 1.25-5 mg/kg. It is suggested that naloxone, by blocking the opiate receptors
      located on the nigro-striatal and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) nerve terminals,
      releases the DA systems from endogenous inhibition, presumably caused by
      endogenous opiate systems, and thereby potentiates methamphetamine stereotypy and
      antagonizes haloperidol catalepsy. However, the possibility that naloxone might
      have affected methamphetamine stereotypy and haloperidol catalepsy by modulating
      the activity of the central noradrenergic and GABAergic systems, which are
      reported to influence dopaminergically mediated behaviours, also needs to be
      considered.

PMID- 6425908
TI  - Reinforcing properties of morphine and naloxone revealed by conditioned place
      preferences: a procedural examination.
AB  - In rats, conditioned place preferences are produced by morphine and conditioned
      place aversions produced by naloxone. In the present studies, several issues
      concerning the demonstration and interpretation of place conditioning findings
      were examined in a two-compartment (black and white) tilt box: (1) the responses
      of naive rats to testing, (2) place conditioning in rats with strong
      unconditioned biases to one of the sides, and (3) modifications of the testing
      situation so that naive rats respond to the black and white sides with a minimum
      of initial bias. Experiments involving manipulation of the conditions of training
      and testing, use of pentobarbital, and use of a three-compartment test box helped
      to control for morphine's ability to produce state dependent learning as an
      explanation of its conditioned place preference. In addition, we examined
      previous place conditioning studies that failed to show aversive effects of
      naloxone. These negative findings were suggested to be due to the use or
      procedures insensitive to aversive stimuli and to the IP administration of
      naloxone. Finally, in the course of the experiments, novel data on general
      parameters of the place conditioning were provided. Dose-response curves for
      subcutaneous (SC) morphine (0.04-5.0 mg/kg) and naloxone (0.02-5.0 mg/kg) were
      established. Conditioned preferences were also shown to occur after at three
      pairings of SC drug, and they were retained for at least 1 month.

PMID- 6425909
TI  - The effect of aging on the positive chronotropic response to amitriptyline.
AB  - Amitriptyline (AT) increases sinus heart rate (SHR) due to inhibition of the
      reuptake of norepinephrine in combination with an antimuscarinic blockade of
      cardiac vagal inhibition. After 150 mg/day AT for 28 days, the change in SHR was
      negatively correlated with age in 42 depressed patients who were 18-85 years of
      age. This finding is consistent with observations that the tachycardic response
      to antimuscarinics and catecholamines decreases with aging.

PMID- 6425910
TI  - Tranylcypromine vs nortriptyline vs placebo in depressed outpatients: a
      controlled trial.
AB  - This study was designed to compare the therapeutic and adverse effects of
      tranylcypromine (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor), nortriptyline (a tricyclic
      antidepressant), and placebo. A total of 122 depressed outpatients randomly
      assigned to double-blind treatment with one of these agents completed the 4-week
      protocol. Treatment groups were balanced for proportions of endogenous versus
      nonendogenous depressions, defined according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria;
      however, nonendogenous depressions outnumbered endogenous depressions by such a
      large proportion (4:1) that meaningful statistical comparisons were limited to
      the nonendogenous group. In this group, both active drugs proved more effective
      than placebo, with little differences between the two active drugs except in the
      areas of side effects and of differential sensitivity of the outcome scales to a
      given drug. It was concluded that tranylcypromine, a drug which has received
      relatively little use and study in recent years, represents an effective and
      reasonably safe treatment for nonendogenous depression, although significant
      advantages over tricyclics with this disorder remain to be demonstrated.

PMID- 6425911
TI  - Combined thioridazine and desipramine: early antidepressant response.
AB  - The authors examined the effect of combined thioridazine (THI) and desipramine
      (DMI) for an early antidepressant response in 14 patients with a DSM III
      diagnosis of major depressive disorder with melancholia. All 14 patients received
      a constant dose of 200 mg DMI/day for 21 days while 7 patients received 100 mg
      THI/day for only the first 7 days. A significantly greater improvement from
      baseline Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) scores occurred during the first 7 days
      in patients receiving both drugs. Possible mechanisms for this early
      antidepressant action are discussed.

PMID- 6425912
TI  - Hypersensitivity to d-amphetamine several years after early social deprivation in
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Social deprivation of rhesus monkeys in infancy results in increased sensitivity
      to psychotic-like behavioral effects of low doses of d-amphetamine given 2-3
      years later. These behavioral effects are associated with increased levels of CSF
      norepinephrine. These data suggest that social developmental factors could be
      partially responsible for variation in neurochemical responses and long-lasting
      differential sensitivity of primates to the psychosis-inducing effects of d
      amphetamine.

PMID- 6425913
TI  - An experimental paradigm for studying the discriminative stimulus properties of
      drugs in humans.
AB  - An experimental paradigm for studying the discriminative stimulus effects of
      drugs in human subjects is presented. The paradigm was tested by training
      subjects to discriminate 10 mg d-amphetamine from placebo. Subjects who
      successfully learned the discrimination were then tested with two lower doses of
      d-amphetamine and with 10 mg diazepam. The discriminative stimulus properties of
      d-amphetamine were dose-dependent, and in two of five subjects the d-amphetamine
      stimulus generalized to diazepam. The simplicity and versatility of the paradigm
      give it the potential for use in a wide variety of experimental and clinical
      situations.

PMID- 6425914
TI  - Drowsiness sedation levels in anxious neurotic outpatients.

PMID- 6425915
TI  - Valproic acid amide as a prophylactic agent in affective and schizoaffective
      disorders.

PMID- 6425916
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial of fluvoxamine and imipramine in patients with
      primary depression.

PMID- 6425917
TI  - Trazodone in major affective disorders.
AB  - In summary, on the basis of our inpatient and outpatient double-blind control
      trials and open-label experience with trazodone, we find it to be an effective
      broad-spectrum antidepressant generally well tolerated by most patients. When
      atropine side effects of the standard tricyclic antidepressants and bridged
      tricyclic antidepressants are undesirable and medically contraindicated,
      trazodone should be one of the drugs of choice in major depressive disorders.

PMID- 6425918
TI  - Effects of body temperature on ventilation, blood gases and acid-base balance in
      exercising fowl.
AB  - In order to determine the influence of hyperthermia on respiratory, blood gas and
      acid-base changes in exercising birds, we exercised domestic fowl on a treadmill
      at ambient temperatures of 5, 20, 30 and 35 degrees C for 10 min at graded
      running speeds up to 4.3 km.h-1. Ventilation and gas exchange were measured
      continuously and arterial blood gases, pH and the concentration of lactic acid in
      arterial blood were measured in samples taken during the last minute of each run.
      During exercise at 5 degrees C rectal temperature did not change significantly
      from rest (isothermic condition) and there was no sign of thermal influence on
      respiratory pattern, such as was observed at higher ambient temperatures. At any
      given running speed, increased ambient temperature caused increased ventilation
      by an increase in respiratory frequency (f) together with a decrease in tidal
      volume (VT). Under isothermic conditions, at low running speeds, birds maintained
      an isocapnic hyperpnoea: arterial PCO2, PO2 and pH and oxygen extraction were
      unchanged. However at higher speeds (ca. greater than 2.5 km.h-1) some
      hyperventilation occurred with subsequent falls in arterial PCO2 and oxygen
      extraction. Arterial pH also fell significantly (P less than 0.01). During
      hyperthermic exercise, oxygen extraction, arterial PCO2 and bicarbonate
      concentration all fell significantly (P less than 0.01) and progressively with
      increasing work load, and birds hyperventilated at all running speeds. This
      produced a significant arterial hypocapnia and alkalosis at the lower speeds (P
      less than 0.05) but this was replaced by a hypocapnic metabolic acidosis at the
      higher running speeds. Blood lactate concentration rose steeply at speeds above
      ca. 2.5 km.h-1 but arterial pH fell by only 0.1 units or less partly as a result
      of buffering by blood bicarbonate. It is concluded that both hyperthermia and
      lactacidosis are causes of hyperventilation and arterial hypocapnia during heavy
      running exercise in birds. However, ventilatory adjustments similar to those
      observed in resting hyperthermic birds, viz. increased f and reduced VT prevent
      severe arterial hypocapnia from occurring in hyperthermic exercising birds.

PMID- 6425919
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: myths and reality.
AB  - Some of the claims made about digital subtraction angiography (DSA) when it was
      first developed have turned out to be greatly exaggerated, and some members of
      the radiologic community have become disillusioned with its capabilities. The
      author discusses some of the limitations of DSA, and concludes that the
      advantages of DSA outweigh its limitations.

PMID- 6425920
TI  - [Significance of pentosephosphate cycle capacity increase in malignant tumors for
      energy metabolism].

PMID- 6425921
TI  - [Autoradiographic studies of glycoprotein biosynthesis in ovarian follicles of
      Meriones unguiculatus--importance of zona pellucida development].

PMID- 6425922
TI  - Reutilization of 3H-DNA metabolites by proliferating glial and endothelial cells
      in the brain of the 14-day-old rat.
AB  - The observation of weakly labeled glial and endothelial cells in addition to
      strongly labeled ones in the brain of the 14-day-old rat from 8 h after 3H-TdR
      injection on was analysed using autoradiographs with different exposure times.
      Based on grain density distributions of labeled glial and endothelial cells at
      different times after 3H-TdR injection and considering cell cycle parameters of
      these cells it could be shown that the strongly labeled glial and endothelial
      cells are those which were labeled by the initial 3H-TdR injection. On the
      contrary the label of the weakly labeled cells, the mean grain density of which
      is more than 7 times smaller than that of the strongly labeled ones, is obviously
      due to reutilization of 3H-DNA metabolites.

PMID- 6425923
TI  - Peroxisomal aggregates forming large stacks in the lipid segment of the canine
      kidney.

PMID- 6425924
TI  - [Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) method for localization of rabbit
      cathepsin B in light and electron microscopy].

PMID- 6425925
TI  - Steroid biosynthesis in the Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor tissue of the human ovary;
      enzymhistochemical and immunohistochemical studies.

PMID- 6425926
TI  - Polypeptide hormones: pathology and clinical aspects.

PMID- 6425927
TI  - Genetic studies on steroid hormone receptors.

PMID- 6425928
TI  - Type I estrogen receptors cannot be histochemically localized in frozen tissue
      sections using estradiol-albumin-FITC conjugates.
AB  - Only few investigators still report in literature that estradiol type I receptors
      can be histochemically visualized using estradiol-albumin-FITC conjugates (E2-BSA
      FITC). Most of them report that it is not likely that fluorescence is due to
      conjugate--type I receptor interaction. It is assumed that rather type II
      receptors are involved. In this study clear evidence is presented that type I
      receptors are not visualized. There is some indication that specific staining is
      only obtained when type II binding sites are present.

PMID- 6425929
TI  - Toxin receptors and their pathogenetic significance.
AB  - The pathogenetic significance of toxin receptor interaction in disease is
      examplified by infectious diarrhoea. The world-wide problem of infectious
      diarrhoea is presented with regard to epidemiology, etiology, and
      pathophysiology. Enterotoxigenic diarrhoea is examined in the light of recent
      knowledge on toxin receptor interaction, which has greatly contributed to new
      vaccine as well as drug development in this disease condition.

PMID- 6425930
TI  - [Importance of in vitro autoradiography for the assessment of bladder biopsies].

PMID- 6425931
TI  - [Proliferation kinetics of tumor cells. Histoautoradiographic studies of squamous
      cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri in the human].
AB  - Tissue samples of 42 untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were
      labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine and studied histoautoradiographically. The
      greatly differing labeling indices (1.1-35.5%) showed no dependence on the age of
      the patients. Using multiple biopsies in 14 patients with cervical carcinoma we
      found, that the labeling indices were decreasing in the course of irradiation
      therapy. In spite of the proliferative heterogenity, the variable duration of
      their DNA synthetic phase and the differing growth fraction of malignant tumors
      the autoradiographic registration of the S-phase fraction is a valuable method to
      characterization of their proliferative activity.

PMID- 6425932
TI  - [Impulse cytophotometry and catamnesis in breast neoplasms].
AB  - CEll suspensions from 62 cancers of breast were investigated by flow
      cytophotometry after staining with pepsin-Ethidium bromide. In all patients a
      radical operation was made, followed by radiotherapy. The surviving patients were
      observed for 5 years. From the DNA-histograms 48% of the tumours were classified
      as diploid (or peridiploid), 40% as polyploid and 11% as aneuploid. Concerning
      ploidy a rank with worsening prognosis was found from diploid over polyploid to
      aneuploid cancers. In this sense bad prognosis means: dead or relapse during 5
      years, histologically undifferentiated tumours, great primary tumour, metastasis
      in lymph nodes. In diploid tumours bad prognosis is indicated by a higher part of
      S- and G2-phase nuclei in the flow histograms. Most of the findings, but not all,
      are proved statistically. Now as ever, histological differentiation is still the
      most easily statement for prognosis.

PMID- 6425933
TI  - [Histochemical phenol oxidase demonstration--an auxiliary means of determination
      immunologic defense processes in tumors?].

PMID- 6425934
TI  - [Glycogen in lymphocytes of the flowing blood].

PMID- 6425935
TI  - Isolation and properties of nonspecific esterase of murine L 1210 leukemia cells.
AB  - Nonspecific esterases of mouse lymphatic leukemia cells L 1210 were isolated and
      partly purified by gel filtration or DEAE Sephadex ion exchange chromatography.
      Two forms of esterases of differing molecular weight were found. Both esterases
      have optimum pH 7.2 and are inhibited by serine esterase inhibitors as well as by
      thiol reagents. They are not influenced by chelating agent (EDTA).

PMID- 6425936
TI  - [Value of histochemical tetrazolium technics].
AB  - A short review is given about the value of the tetrazolium technique in
      histochemistry including some new aspects of the tetrazolium reduction. The
      different factors and properties determining the localization, pattern and
      colours of the formazans in the tissue slide are discussed. The current knowledge
      of the atypically coloured formazans caused by the nitro groups is presented.

PMID- 6425937
TI  - The value of the Nitro-BT method in the patho-anatomic diagnosis of early AMI:
      personal experience after 8 years application of the method.

PMID- 6425938
TI  - [Behavior of adenylate cyclase in ischemic and necrotic myocardial tissue].
AB  - The adenylate cyclase activity was determined in the left ventricles of rat
      hearts up to 60 min after severe ischemia and 24 hours after injection of a high
      dose of isoproterenol. The quantitative data show a progressive decline in the
      activity after 20 min of ischemia. Isoproterenol- and fluoride-stimulated
      activities were influenced in the same manner. The cytochemical localization
      showed no changes in the localization of the enzyme. But the number of cells with
      reaction products of the adenylate cyclase activity were decreased. The
      quantitative analysis of the adenylate cyclase activity in the myocardial
      necrosis produced by a single injection of 80 mg isoproterenol per kg body weight
      showed no changes in the basal activity of the enzyme however a significant
      reduction of the isoproterenol stimulation and a slight decrease of the fluoride
      stimulated activity compared to the non-necrotic area of the same left ventricle.
      In cytochemical investigations no reaction of the adenylate cyclase activity was
      found in the centre of the necroses. But in the border zone of the basis the
      reaction product of the plasma membrane of the sarcolemma the main localization
      site of the enzyme activity was failed whereas the activity of the junctional SR
      was preserved. It was concluded that this activity is responsible for the
      unchanged basal activity in the necrotic and non-necrotic area.

PMID- 6425939
TI  - [Importance of enzyme histochemical methods in the differential diagnosis of the
      malabsorption syndrome].

PMID- 6425940
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of enzyme histochemical diagnosis of intestinal
      aganglionosis (Hirschsprung's disease)].

PMID- 6425941
TI  - [Immunochemical determination of alpha 1-antitrypsin in liver diseases].

PMID- 6425942
TI  - Immunoperoxidase technique in kidney biopsies.

PMID- 6425943
TI  - [Carnitine deficiency myopathy].

PMID- 6425944
TI  - [Correlation between the histochemical demonstration of glycerol 1-phosphate
      oxidase and LDH isoenzyme pattern in skeletal muscle].

PMID- 6425945
TI  - [Significance of mitochondrial enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6425946
TI  - [Hydrolytic cartilage enzyme activity in arthrosis processes].

PMID- 6425947
TI  - [Immunoreactive insulin in the CNS of human fetuses and newborn infants of
      metabolically healthy and diabetic mothers--an immunohistochemical study].
AB  - The cellular localization and regional distribution of "insulin-like
      immunoreactivity" and "C-peptide immunoreactivity" were studied in brains of
      fetuses and newborns from normoglycaemic and diabetic mothers using
      immunohistochemical techniques. It is shown that "insulin-like material" and "C
      peptide-like material" occur in the same nerve cells. No differences in regard to
      the localization of both polypeptides exist between abort material from
      normoglycaemic and diabetic mothers.

PMID- 6425948
TI  - [Immunohistochemical determination of trypsin in the human pancreas].

PMID- 6425949
TI  - New developments in DNA cytochemistry.

PMID- 6425950
TI  - [Current findings for the interpretation of "tight junctions" as lipid
      structures].
AB  - For the interpretation of tight junction strands to be formations of lipids and
      not of proteins hitherto no demonstration of such structures in lamellar systems
      of pure lipids was known. The demonstration of such fibrillar structures with the
      freeze-fracture technique in bilayers of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      cholesterol system with a low content of cholesterol is presented. The fibrils
      represent obviously cylindrical, inverted micelles (H11-orientation). The
      mechanism of their formation within one bilayer enables the explanation of the
      occurrence of two tight-connected fibrils in tight junction strands. The
      intramembranous inverted micelles are stable structures concerning a
      reintegration into the lamellar arrangement, but breaking in short pieces, also
      in spherical micelles (lipidic particles), can occur.

PMID- 6425951
TI  - [Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides
      with pre- and postembedding technics as well as protein A-gold labeling].

PMID- 6425952
TI  - [Possibilities for the use of cerium for the ultrahistochemical demonstration of
      enzymes].
AB  - The activity pattern of NAD(H)- or NADP(H)-oxidase was studied
      ultrahistochemically by means of the Cer-III-perhydroxide technique according in
      Briggs et al. (1979) in erythrophagocytosis. In contrast to many other findings
      in activated polymorph nucleated neutrophils the activity of this enzyme is
      restricted to rER and the intracellular vacuoles in peritoneal macrophages.
      Plasmalemma and the membranes of phagosomes are negative. The results allow the
      conclusion that oxidases do not directly participate in erythrocyte catabolism.
      Their role is still unclear. Additionally an ultrahistochemical procedure which
      used Cer-III-=ions as capture agent for detection of acid phosphatase is
      presented. The results are compared with the classical lead methods. Cer-IV-ions
      selectively enhance the electronmicroscopic contrast of biomembranes.

PMID- 6425953
TI  - [Improved demonstration of topochemical dehydrogenase in the CNS with a nitro
      monotetrazolium salt].
AB  - Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were determined
      parallel to the tetrazolium salts p-DNTT, NBT and TNBT under different conditions
      using sagittal brain sections of newborn and 3 till 100-day-old rats. Under
      conventional incubation conditions for SDH (37 degrees C, 30 min), the
      tetrazolium salts p-DNTT stained more intensely than NBT or TNBT. Decrease of the
      final concentration of tetrazolium salts from 1.2 mmol/l to 0.6 mM effected a
      considerable increase of p-DNTT formazan development. Using NBT or TNBT, the
      formazan formation was significantly smaller. In contrast to SDH the
      demonstration of GDH activity under incubations conditions mentioned is
      unsatisfactory at any rate. Preservation of mitochondria during the preparation
      and incubation procedure improved evidently the quality of the GDH-demonstration,
      especially by use of p-DNTT. The formazan of p-DNTT was formed to be amorphous
      and was confined exclusively to enzyme containing compartments, whereas
      formazanes of the NBT and TNBT spread out more diffusely.

PMID- 6425954
TI  - [Various aspects of the histochemical reaction of fallopian tube epithelium in
      the aging female].

PMID- 6425955
TI  - [Interpretation of histochemical changes of succinate dehydrogenase activity in
      liver parenchyma during the monitoring of the clinical course of the acute
      radiation syndrome: study of sublethally whole-body irradiated rats].
AB  - The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of liver parenchyma was
      histochemically determined by use of tetrazolium salts MTT and elutions technique
      on pubescent male rats prior to irradiation and during 30 days following single
      total-body X-radiation with 800 R (approx. LD 90/30). These data were compared
      with those after a single post-radial application of L-cysteine and
      tetrahydrofolic acid (FH 4). After irradiation and cysteine FH 4 therapy the SDH
      activity of the liver, in general, showed values which were significantly
      different from control and experimental groups. The higher enzyme activities were
      almost exclusively found in the treated animals. The minimum of the regression
      phase was reached on day 6 after irradiation. Approximately normal values were
      observed not before two weeks following irradiation, but only as consequence of
      cysteine/FH 4 therapy. In untreated animals, the SDH activity until on day 30
      after irradiation was lower than 50% when compared to normal rats. The determined
      changes of SDH-activity from day 3 to day 15 after irradiation parallel those
      post-radial changes of body weight, blood picture and mortality which were found
      in comparative experiments under identical radiation conditions.

PMID- 6425956
TI  - Localization of the pyroantimonate-bound cations in the pancreatic B-cells
      organelles and their variations.
AB  - The heterogeneity of the localization of the pyroantimonate-bound cations in
      different B cell's organelles of normoglycemic and glucose-treated white rats was
      investigated. Its different variations are systematically described. It is
      pointed out that an active or nonactive type of localization may be presumed only
      after a multifactor statistical analysis. It is supposed the localization's
      heterogeneity of the reactive product to reflect the functional heterogeneity of
      the cell organelles during the secretory cycle. The pyroantimonate method is
      assumed to show not so much the distribution of the respective cations as the
      dynamic changes of pH taking place in the different compartments of the B cell.

PMID- 6425957
TI  - [Histochemical determination of sorbitol dehydrogenase in the rat kidney.
      Indicator histochemical, immunohistochemical and microelectrophoretic studies].
AB  - By comparative indicator- and immunohistochemical technique we have investigated
      the distribution of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SoDH) in rat kidney. In this
      connection we have tested some parameters which influenced the histochemical
      demonstration of SoDH activity by tetrazolium salt indicator technique (e.g.
      prefixation of tissue sections, elution behaviour of the enzyme, influence of
      different dialysis membranes, composition of incubating medium). According to
      these studies the enzyme was demonstrated in native cryostate sections by
      membrane incubating technique. For the immunohistochemical demonstration of SoDH
      specific antibodies against this enzyme were prepared in rabbits and used for
      indirect immunofluorescence method and for unlabelled antibody enzyme (PAP)
      technique. A good agreement of sorbitol dehydrogenase localization in rat kidney
      was observed with all the tested methods, but also some discrepancies exist in
      connection with the glomerular localization of the enzyme.

PMID- 6425958
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure and topography of nucleoproteins during interphase
      death of irradiated thymocytes].

PMID- 6425959
TI  - [Immunohistochemical studies of the occurrence and localization of somatostatin
      in the hippocampus formation of Wistar rats].
AB  - In the hippocampus formation of Bouin fixed and paraffin embedded specimens of
      Wistar rats somatostatin-immunoreactive cells could be demonstrated regularly in
      the hilus region. Some cells indicating immunoreactivity have been observed in
      the stratum radiatum of the CA1- and CA2-regions. On the basis of light
      microscopic investigations it was not possible to decide whether somatostatin
      immunoreactivity is located in the cytoplasm of the cells or in surrounding axon
      terminals.

PMID- 6425960
TI  - [Importance of enzyme histochemistry in practical pathologico-anatomical
      diagnosis].

PMID- 6425961
TI  - [Importance of immunohistochemical methods in practical pathologico-anatomic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 6425962
TI  - [Prognostic efficacy of a histologic-cytochemical malignancy grading of squamous
      cell carcinoma in the head-neck region].
AB  - 146 squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and pharynx were subjected to a
      histopathological grading of malignancy ranging from grade 1 up to grade 3. 3
      years-survival-rates in G 1 carcinomas were 85%, in G 2 72% and in G 3 15%.
      Various enzyme histochemical reactions were examined by means of the same test
      material for the worth for the indication of the cure-rate. A high survival-rate
      was found for low enzyme activities in the G6PDH- and in LDH-reaction. Strong
      activities indicated a low survival-rate. The histological grading common with
      histochemical grading is of prognostic significance. It should be used within a
      multi-step-check aimed at a more detailed tumor diagnosis before the start of
      therapy.

PMID- 6425963
TI  - [Possibilities for the use of immunofluorescence in clinical immunologic
      diagnosis].
AB  - Immunofluorescence techniques are increasingly used as a diagnostic tool in
      clinical immunology and pathology because of their flexibility and specificity.
      The main applications at present are: detection of circulating autoantibodies,
      detection of antigens in cells and cell membranes, detection of immune complexes
      in biopsy material and detection of circulating immune cells. The double
      immunofluorescence technique is the method of choice for the simultaneous
      detection of different antigens in the same localization. It has been successful
      used for the detection of hepatitis B surface and core antigen or for the
      hepatitis B surface antigen and the fourth component of complement in liver cells
      as well as new organ specific antibodies, e.g. against hormone producing cells,
      and skeletal motor endplates. The usual indirect immunofluorescence is also
      suitable for detecting of new antibodies, if the different staining patterns is
      taken into account and appropriate controls are performed (e.g. subtypes of
      antimitochondrial antibodies, antibodies to liver typical ribosomes, and to
      lamina propria of gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6425964
TI  - [Histochemistry of proteases].

PMID- 6425965
TI  - [Use of analytic microelectrophoresis in clinical and experimental pathology].
AB  - A short survey is given about the application of microelectrophoresis in clinical
      and experimental pathology. There are several fields in which
      microelectrophoresis in combination with enzyme histochemistry offers new
      possibilities in diagnosis, especially in cytology, liver biopsy and tumor
      pathology. Some difficulties and own experiences with the application of
      microelectrophoresis are shortly discussed.

PMID- 6425966
TI  - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor cell markers in formalin-fixed
      tissues with special reference to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)].

PMID- 6425967
TI  - Endocrinological problems in malformation of the male genitalia.
AB  - There are two groups of congenital defects of the male genitalia: defects of
      organogenesis (e. g., aplasia of the external genitalia) and malformations due to
      defective hormonal influences on these organs. The pathophysiological mechanisms
      of the functional malformations can be a defect of androgen biosynthesis in the
      gonads, defects of conversion of precursor hormones into the biologically active
      compound, and defects at the receptor site with a faulty hormonal utilisation.
      All these defects in the production of a biologically active substance can be
      present and operating very early in life, i. e., in the embryonal or foetal
      period. Problems can arise from the mother and particularly the placenta, or from
      the child (pituitary). The production of an antimullerian hormone in Sertoli
      cells has been recently reported as an additional important mechanism. These
      hormonal defects influence the development of the male genitourinary tract
      system. Testosterone biosynthesis has several enzymatic steps: The synthesis of
      androgens starts early in the embryonal period, with the final transformation of
      the indifferent organ into the differentiated external male genitalia occurring
      under the influence of the foetal testosterone. Targets for these hormonal
      malfunctions are, besides the urogenital system, an enzyme (5-alpha-hydroxylase)
      and cytoplasmic and nuclear receptor sites on the skin of the external genital
      region. One of the clinical manifestations of such a hormonal malfunction is a
      defective virilisation of the external male genitals, with several types of
      hypospadias. Complete and partial defects of testosterone biosynthesis are known.
      Extensive laboratory investigations disclose the specific defect. Besides
      hypospadias, similar malformations occur in the form of ambiguous external
      genitalia if testosterone cannot metabolize into dihydrotestosterone in the
      target cell. In earlier descriptions this congenital genitourinary defect was
      called pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias. Today, the specific defect is
      identified as a 5-alpha-reductase deficiency. The diagnosis is established by a
      skin biopsy of the genital area. Ambiguous genitalia of variable expression are
      present if the receptor sites at the target cells are defective. The clinical
      presentation is known as testicular feminization or hereditary male
      pseudohermaphroditism. Incomplete partial expression of this disorder is known.
      The diagnosis is made clinically, and diagnosis is proven by investigation of
      hormone receptor sites in the target cells in the skin of the genital
      region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6425968
TI  - Genito-urinary problems in childhood.

PMID- 6425969
TI  - Possibilities and results of management of bowel incontinence in children.
AB  - Continence depends on many factors; hence, management varies depending on
      individual deficiencies be they motor, sensory, anatomic, psychological, local or
      general. As would be expected, correctly performed primary operation has produced
      better results than secondary salvage surgery. The high (supralevator) anomalies
      lack an internal sphincter. This is believed to be the reason that the best
      results do not approach those of low (infralevator) anomalies. Continence in
      patients with high anomalies is slowly learned, as opposed to the natural
      development of continence at the normal time in individuals with low anomalies.
      Although the puborectalis sling is accepted as the most important muscle in
      continence, true normal as opposed to socially satisfactory continence requires
      an internal sphincter as a persistently tonic "anti-leak" device. The orthodox
      pull-through operations add to problems with continence by removing specific
      rectal sensation and, hence, the reflex between the rectal distension and the
      striated muscle of the pelvic floor. Early operation on high anomalies to allow
      of "minimal mobilisation" before disuse retraction of the rectal ampulla is,
      therefore, being reassessed. Many neuropathic patients, e.g. those with spina
      bifida, acquire satisfactory learned continence by voluntary efforts with or
      without a regimen of aperients or enemas. A minority have an automatic rectum
      responding to a small volume of stool and/or an active colon producing a loose
      stool. These patients may benefit by the recently available drug Loperamide. Our
      incontinent patients are assessed by anorectal manometry, barium defaecogram, as
      well as by examination and pelvic floor stimulation under general anaesthesia.
      Treatment may include: 1) a training regimen with or without drugs, e.g.,
      Loperamide; 2) local anoplasty for stenosis or redundant mucosa; 3) levator
      plasty if the levator is active though not effecting closure of the lumen; 4)
      bilateral gracilis sling (not the original ring technique) if the levator is not
      active due to iatrogenic damage or neuropathy. In assessing the results, it is
      important to recognise the frequent spontaneous improvement in continence around
      puberty. Although present techniques have seemed unreliable, use of gluteus
      maximus, a natural synergist, should have therapeutic potential. A satisfactory
      technique for an internal sphincter substitute appears to be the most urgent
      present need.

PMID- 6425970
TI  - The radiological diagnosis of the sinus urogenitalis.
AB  - The mechanisms and disturbances in the differentiation of male and female
      genitalia are described in relation to a correct radiological diagnosis. The
      methods of investigations include the flushing technique and the catheter
      technique. The advantage of the flushing technique (retrograde injection of
      contrast medium under moderate pressure) is its minimal invasiveness. In the
      catheter technique the bladder is filled with the help of a second catheter or
      suprapubic puncture, and a micturating cystourethrogram is conducted. The authors
      use a combination of both methods, filling the lower section of the urogenital
      sinus with a catheter and the upper by intravenous pyelography accompanied at
      times with a suprapubic bladder puncture. Quality of the radiographic picture
      ensures visualisation of all the important structures, as demonstrated by the
      accompanying figures.

PMID- 6425971
TI  - Results of the modified Hartl gracilis plasty.
AB  - Follow-up results of patients who had a gracilis plasty for incontinence after
      rectal atresia showed that in 8 of 11 patients there was marked improvement. 6
      children had good continence and 3 sufficient continence. Similar results have
      been reported by others and are encouraging. The high percentage of infected
      wounds did not seem to influence the results. The results in operations for
      incontinence with myelomeningoceles were different. Only 5 times was there
      sufficient continence and in only 2 patients was subjective improvement recorded.
      It must be pointed out that the function of the gracilis muscle was tested
      preoperatively by electromyographic examination. These unsatisfactory results can
      undoubtedly also be achieved with conservative therapy. Incontinence with
      myelomeningoceles is therefore no indication for a gracilis plasty. These varying
      results appear to indicate that success can only be obtained with a gracilis
      plasty if there are still functioning parts of the pelvic musculature present and
      if parts of the anorectum are able to mature. If this is true, then there is a
      direct connection between the results we obtained and those achieved by free
      muscle transplantation or transposition of a denervated muscle. No doubt, the
      gracilis plasty is not the only available method to achieve continence, but it
      will often improve the function of the sphincter in patients with incontinence
      following rectal atresia operations.

PMID- 6425972
TI  - Improvement of continence by myoplasty of the pelvic floor.
AB  - The authors report their experiences with sphincter reconstructions by free
      muscle transplant using a denervated muscle with its blood supply intact. The
      transplanted muscle is fixed to the remaining functioning sphincter musculature.
      New muscle fibres grow from this muscle into the transplanted muscle, allowing
      the reconstructed sphincter to contract voluntarily as well as reflexively. The
      operative technique depends on the existing sphincter defect. Free muscle
      transplantation is preferred if the external sphincter is still partially
      existing. Eight patients were examined 2 years after the reconstruction operation
      and the result was very satisfactory. Solid and semi-solid stool could be
      controlled by all patients. Large muscle transplantations carried out after the
      method reported by Thompson (1971) are followed by an increased intramuscular
      scar formation, as was shown by our experiments. A denervated muscle
      transposition with its own blood supply is therefore preferable. The change of
      innervation allows the transplanted muscle to perform its new function. In the
      treatment of congenital sphincter malformations, a larger muscle, i.e.
      transposition of the denervated gracilis muscle, should be used. This operation
      was performed in 7 cases of incontinence following operations for rectal atresia
      and in 1 case of extensive posttraumatic destruction of the sphincter apparatus.
      In only 1 case was continence for solid stool achieved. In 6 patients there was a
      temporary control of fluid stools, but under stress all patients with complex
      sphincter malformations soiled.

PMID- 6425973
TI  - Smooth muscle reverse plasty. A new method to treat anorectal incontinence in
      infants with high anal and rectal atresia. Results after gracilis plasty and free
      muscle transplantation.
AB  - Forty-one patients with Pickrell's gracilis transposition, 6 patients with free
      muscle transplantations using the Hakelius/Grotte's method, and 2 children with a
      smooth muscle transplantation after the method described by Schmidt are reported.
      The results are compared with those reported in the literature. A new operative
      method is described that can be carried out during infancy at the same time as
      the abdominal perineal pull-through operation. It involves the fashioning of a
      smooth muscle cuff formed from a segment of pulled-through colon that is denuded
      from its mucosa. This cuff is folded back over the distal end of the pulled
      through colon. The radiological and manometric results in 2 infants operated upon
      by this method are described.

PMID- 6425974
TI  - Problems of anal continence operations.
AB  - After operation for high rectal atresia, incontinence is common. The various
      operations that are used to cure incontinence can undoubtedly produce
      considerable improvement. Our own experience and the results published in the
      literature show that improvement in continence is mainly due to the creation of
      an elastic barrier that will induce the development of ampullary function in the
      neorectum. In this connection the mental development of the child is of great
      importance, as he or she has to become aware of the afferent impulses and act
      accordingly.

PMID- 6425975
TI  - Urinary incontinence in children: treatment with free autogenous muscle
      transplantation.
AB  - Free autogenous muscle transplantation has now been carried out in 13 patients
      with anal incontinence and 16 patients with urinary incontinence. In anal
      incontinence the results have been excellent; all patients were improved and 12
      out of 13 reached an acceptable level of continence. In 10 patients with urinary
      incontinence the results were good, with increase of functional bladder capacity
      and abandonment of nappies during the day. Two patients were improved and 4 were
      failures. Cinematographic studies in both anal and urinary incontinence clearly
      demonstrated the muscular activity of the transplants and confirmed the existence
      of a reinnervation process. The longest postoperative observation time is now 7
      years in the anal patients and 6 years in the urinary patients.

PMID- 6425976
TI  - Exstrophy of the bladder progress of management during the last 25 years.
AB  - The different methods of treatment of bladder exstrophy are described.
      Ureterosigmoidostomy and its various modifications are discussed and the longterm
      result critically reviewed. Urinary diversion by transplanting the ureters into
      an isolated segment of ileum or colon should, in the authors' opinion, only very
      rarely be necessary. Cutaneous ureterostomy is used only as a last resort in
      incontinent patients with severe renal damage. The greatest single advance in the
      management of the malformation has been the two-stage closure of the exstrophic
      bladder. The authors' experiences in the two-stage closure of 28 patients with
      ectopia vesicae are described. No selection of patients was practiced. The
      results obtained, both clinically and by manometry of the operated bladder, are
      reviewed. The results are moderately satisfactory.

PMID- 6425977
TI  - Differentiation of congenital biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis by
      statistical methods.
AB  - Congenital biliary atresia (CBA) is a disorder of early infancy that needs early
      and accurate diagnosis because the curability may be increased if surgical
      therapy (hepatic porto-enterostomy) is performed early in the disease course of
      this condition. But immediate differentiation of CBA from neonatal hepatitis (NH)
      is very difficult, and even special tests for differential diagnosis are of
      limited value because of some hazards, including the length of time required,
      technical difficulties, and so on. The data on 14 patients with CBA and 20 with
      NH admitted to Tenri Hospital were analyzed by two statistical methods
      (discriminant analysis and probit analysis) and then scores combining several
      simple variables were calculated. We tried to differentiate these two conditions
      by the scoring systems mentioned above, and checked the results of these methods
      against cases in other hospitals (CBA 6 cases and NH 15 cases). Our scoring
      systems presented here showed higher discriminant power than any single variable
      test, including the 131I-BSP excretion test, and can be used where there is no
      time for differential diagnosis.

PMID- 6425978
TI  - Operative correction of intersexual genitals in children.
AB  - In intersex the external genitalia should be corrected operatively before the 2nd
      year of life. In patients with the adrenogenital syndrome with a low opening of
      the vagina into the urogenital sinus, a plastic operation on the vagina and
      displacement of the clitoris can be carried out in one operation. The operative
      technique is described. In cases where the vagina opens high in the urogenital
      sinus, the operative technique of Hendren and Crawford (1969), with
      transplantation of the vaginal introitus into the perineum in combination with
      displacement of the clitoris, is advised. In 7 patients, partial vaginal aplasia
      was observed. The abdominoperineal operative technique for the correction of this
      malformation is described. In intersex patients where male external genitalia are
      desired, the phallus is straightened at the first operation and a hypospadias
      operation using the technique described by Denis Browne is performed at a second
      sitting. More than 130 patients with intersex have been operatively corrected.

PMID- 6425979
TI  - Paediatric surgical principles in the management of children with intersex.
AB  - Two children, one with dysgenesis of the gonads and chromosomes 46XY and one with
      true hermaphroditism, are described. The principles of therapy with special
      reference to the operative correction of the external genitalia are discussed.
      One child was made a male and the other a female. The diagnostic procedure,
      heredity, hormonal status, chromosome analysis, histology of the gonads,
      radiological investigations, and skeletal age will partly determine the future
      sex, as will the decision of the parents and sociological aspects. The sex must
      be determined as early as possible. In girls, operative corrections should be
      performed at the time when their own oestrogen and gestagen production is
      starting. In boys enlargement of a micropenis can be produced by careful
      administration of testosterone.

PMID- 6425980
TI  - Plastic operations of the adrenogenital syndrome.
AB  - Correction of the female external genitalia of children with intersex should, if
      possible, depend on the problems of individual sensibility. Several published
      methods and an operation devised by us are described with consideration of
      possible later decisions made by the patient.

PMID- 6425981
TI  - Anomalies of the external urethral orifice in girls.
AB  - In analyzing 1,000 of 1,475 micturating cystourethrograms in girls, the absolute
      number and the percentages of the different variations of the urethra were
      related to the frequency of urethrovaginal reflux and to anomalies of the meatus.
      This allowed the following deductions: There are no radiological findings in
      these girls that indicate the presence of subvesical obstruction. Anomalies of
      the meatus cannot be related to variations of the urethra as seen in the
      micturating cystourethrogram. They can, however, be the cause of enuresis,
      chronic urinary infection, urethrovaginal reflux, and disturbances in
      micturition. The marked susceptibility for chronic urinary infection seen in
      girls between the ages of 3 to 13 years is as yet not fully explained. The fact
      that the urethra opens near the anus and the vagina, inadequate hygiene, a too
      short urethra, and possibly missing hormonal protection against ascending
      infection, as well as the special urological anomalies described above, may all
      be responsible. Therefore, in girls there are a number of other disturbances
      micturition apart from of organic subvesical obstruction. These other
      disturbances may be termed functional, or the urethra syndrome.

PMID- 6425982
TI  - Operations on previously operated patients with hypospadias.
AB  - The therapy of severe degrees of hypospadias is exclusively surgical. A great
      number of different methods have been described; nevertheless, only a few
      techniques have proved successful. Between 1976 and 1980 21 children with various
      forms of hypospadias were admitted to our department for primary operation.
      Nineteen of these 21 children had to have a straightening operation. In 2
      children a more pronounced glans defect was corrected in one session by
      Ombredanne's method. During the same period 9 patients were admitted for
      secondary corrections, having been operated on elsewhere for hypospadias. In two
      patients aged 6 and 7 years respectively, several fistulae had to be closed. In 7
      patients a complete secondary correction had to be performed in at least two
      sessions. The average age of these 7 patients was 19,4 years at the time of the
      secondary operation. Secondary corrections are also indicated in cases of
      multiple fistulae, of unremedied chordee, underdevelopment or an abnormal
      position of the penis, in cases of strictures in the area of the reconstructed
      urethra, and, finally, in cases with hairball stones due to hair formations on
      the skin. The fistulae following the reconstruction of the urethra are closed
      using sliding grafts from the penis or penoscrotal skin. In extensive fistulae,
      as well as pronounced strictures of the reconstructed urethra, a complete
      Johansson (1953) procedure is necessary. In large secondary corrections, there
      are many cases in which the entire armamentarium of plastic surgery must be
      utilized.

PMID- 6425983
TI  - Comparison of Ombredanne's, Denis Browne's, and Cecil Leveuf's methods.
AB  - In the Department of Surgery of the Paediatric Clinic in Cologne, plastic
      reconstruction of the urethra was performed on 452 children over a period of 17
      years. The use of Denis Browne's method, employed exclusively during the years
      1963 to 1970, was associated with a much higher percentage of complications (56%)
      than was recorded during the subsequent period when alternative methods were
      used. The use of the surgical methods described by Ombredanne and Cecil/Leveuf
      was followed by a drop in the rate of complications of 21% for the years 1970 to
      1980. Based on the location of the urethral meatus, the patients were divided
      into three groups. The results obtained by using the methods of Denis Browne,
      Ombredanne, and Cecil/Leveuf were then compared.

PMID- 6425984
TI  - Clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of the Kaufman syndrome (hydrocolpos,
      hypospadias, polydactyly).
AB  - Three girls with the Kaufmann syndrome are reported. In these children the
      hydrocolpos was not caused by a vaginal atresia but by a stenosis of the vaginal
      introitus combined with female hypospadias. These children suffered from
      additional micrognathia. The parents of two of the children suffered from
      additional micrognathia. The parents of two of the children were related to each
      other. No such family history could be discovered in the third child. It is
      possible that this syndrome is autosomal recessive and sexlinked. As the
      associated malformations may endanger life and therefore necessitate immediate
      operation, the hydrocolpos should be treated at first conservatively. Later on,
      corrective operations should be performed.

PMID- 6425985
TI  - Sexual function after operations for hypospadias according to Ombredanne.
AB  - Patients who were operated upon for hypospadias according to Ombredanne's method
      between the years 1963 and 1968 were asked about their sexual experiences and
      additional information was obtained from their wives or, if unmarried, their girl
      friends. It is surprising how many open and factual answers to these delicate
      questions were received. At the time of investigation, the patients were between
      19 and 30 years old. Of a total of 142 operated patients, 118 men (83%) replied.
      Slight chordee of the glans seems to have no influence on sexual experience and
      sensation. Slight chordee of up to 10 degrees of the shaft of the penis was
      easier tolerated than a more severe chordee, as we had imagined. This is a
      preliminary study and it is hoped that further details will be published in the
      future.

PMID- 6425986
TI  - Correction of hypospadias in tree stages-follow-up examinations.
AB  - Seventy-one of 93 patients with hypospadias had a deformity severe enough to
      justify a three-stage operation. This is described in detail. Exact excision of
      the chordee is emphasized. The advantage of the three-stage operation is the
      covering without tension of the newly formed urethra, resulting in a low rate of
      fistula formation (5.6%). The various types of hypospadias and the operative
      procedures as well as the complications are described in tabular form. Thirty
      eight of the 71 patients were followed up. In 90%, the functional result was
      satisfactory. The micturating urethrogram showed an irregular urethra in a number
      of cases, but there was no stasis and no difficulty in micturition. The results
      are compared with those found in the literature.

PMID- 6425987
TI  - Analysis of anal incontinence.
AB  - The diagnosis of disturbancies of continence can be made primarily by the
      clinical history and digital examination of the rectum. Electromanometry helps to
      judge the degree of continence. Additional information is supplied by
      electromyography and radiology. Continence depends at least on five factors: -
      The passive forces of continence - The motor activity of the sphincters - The
      sensibility of skin, mucosa, and sphincters - Peristaltic activity of the
      intestine and especially of the rectum - The central nervous passways: Analysis
      of these five factors is important to determine treatment with drugs or operative
      correction.

PMID- 6425988
TI  - [Gene amplification].

PMID- 6425989
TI  - [Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D].

PMID- 6425990
TI  - Endothelial-dependent relaxant effects of vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and
      arachidonic acid in rat aortic strips.
AB  - The relaxant actions of vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP), acetylcholine
      (ACh), histamine and papaverine have been compared using circular muscle strips
      of rat aorta contracted with noradrenaline (NA). Arachidonic acid (AA) in a low
      dose (6.7 X 10(-7M) also relaxed the aorta. The relaxant actions of all these
      substances except papaverine were abolished by removal of the endothelial cells.
      Higher doses of AA (6.7-13.4 X 10(-6M) contracted aortic strips in the absence of
      NA but the con tractile effect "faded" while AA was still present in the bathing
      fluid. De-endothelialisation abolished this "fade" portion of the response
      leaving a sustained contracture. Indomethacin inhibited the contractile effect of
      AA revealing a weak inhibitory effect. However, it did not affect the relaxations
      induced by VIP, ACh, histamine or papaverine. ETYA abolished the relaxant actions
      of all these substances except papaverine. The results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that VIP, ACh and histamine relax the rat aorta via an endothelial
      dependent mechanism which may involve the synthesis of a lipoxygenase product.

PMID- 6425991
TI  - Lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-reaction products and incorporation into
      glycerolipids or radiolabeled arachidonic acid in the bovine retina.
AB  - The metabolism of radiolabeled arachidonic acid (AA) by the intact bovine retina
      in vitro has been studied. Synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and incorporation of AA into glycerolipids
      has been measured by reverse-phase and straight-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography with flow scintillation detection, and by thin-layer
      chromatography. AA was actively acylated into glycerolipids, particularly
      triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. AA was also
      converted to the major PGs, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2,
      and to the lipoxygenase reaction products, 12-HETE, 5-HETE, and other monohydroxy
      isomers. Approximately 6% of the radiolabeled AA was converted to eicosanoids.
      The synthesis of HETEs was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 =
      8.3 nM) by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). PG synthesis was inhibited by
      aspirin (10 microM), indomethacin (1 microM) and NDGA (IC50 = 380 nM). Metabolism
      of AA via lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and activation-acylation was inhibited by
      boiling retinal tissue prior to incubation. These studies demonstrate an active
      system for the uptake and utilization of AA in the bovine retina, and provide the
      first evidence of lipoxygenase-mediated metabolism of AA, resulting in the
      synthesis of mono-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, in the retina.

PMID- 6425992
TI  - Vasoconstrictor effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 in the feline mesenteric
      vascular bed.
AB  - The effects of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in the feline
      mesenteric vascular bed were investigated under conditions of controlled blood
      flow so that changes in perfusion pressure directly reflect changes in vascular
      resistance. Intra-arterial injections of LTC4 and LTD4 (0.3-3.0 micrograms)
      increased perfusion pressure in a dose-related fashion. Vasoconstrictor responses
      to LTC 4 and LTD4 were similar to norepinephrine (NE) whereas mesenteric
      vasoconstrictor response to the thromboxane analog, U46619, was markedly greater
      than were responses to LTC4 and LTD4. Meclofenamate in a dose that greatly
      attenuated the systemic depressor response to arachidonic acid was without effect
      on vasoconstrictor responses to LTC4 and LTD4, NE and U46619 in the mesenteric
      vascular bed. The present data show that LTC4 and LTD4 possess significant
      vasoconstrictor activity in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. In addition, the
      present data suggest that products of the cyclooxygenase pathway do not mediate
      vasoconstrictor responses to LTC4 and LTD4 in the intestinal circulation of the
      cat.

PMID- 6425993
TI  - Topographical and ontogenetic study of the neurons producing growth hormone
      releasing factor in human hypothalamus.
AB  - Neurons producing growth hormone-releasing factor have been characterized and
      analyzed by immunohistochemistry in the hypothalami of human fetuses, neonates,
      infants and adults, using two antibodies against human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF).
      One of the antibodies recognized both the hpGRF(1-40)OH and hpGRF(1-44)NH2 in the
      mid portion (between the 28th and 39th amino acid), the other one specifically
      recognized the C-terminal end of hpGRF(1-44)NH2. These two antibodies stain a
      single neuronal system with cell bodies mainly located in the infundibular
      (arcuate) nucleus, and in the ventromedial and lateralis tuber nuclei. These
      neurons project to the median eminence where they give numerous endings in
      contact with portal vessels. These neurons are distinct from those containing LH
      RH, somatostatin, CRF or pro-opiocortin. In fetuses, neurons immunoreactive with
      hpGRF antibodies are first detected at the 29th week. They display a neuroblastic
      aspect which persists after birth. Immunoreactive fibers are detectable in the
      median eminence after the 31st week. These results demonstrate that the
      infundibular nucleus plays a major role in control of GH secretion in man and
      that secretion of GRF appears late during fetal life; this suggests that the
      first stages of differentiation and development of GH producing cells in the
      human fetus do not depend on hypothalamic GRF secretion.

PMID- 6425994
TI  - Neurotensin-induced antinociception and hypothermia in mice: antagonism by TRH
      and structural analogs of TRH.
AB  - Intracisternal (IC) administration of neurotensin (NT) in a dose of 10 micrograms
      produced a significant hypothermia and antinociception in the hot-plate test in
      mice. Both of these effects of IC NT were completely antagonized by concomitant
      administration of equimolar doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and
      several TRH congeners including 3-methyl-His-TRH (pGlu-3-methyl-His-Pro-NH2), MK
      771 (pyro-2-aminoadipyl-histidyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide), beta-ala-TRH (pGlu
      His-Pro-beta-ala-NH2), and RX-77368 (pGlu-His-dimethyl-Pro-NH2). The antagonism
      by TRH and TRH analogs on NT-induced hypothermia and antinociception was dose
      dependent. Of particular interest was the finding that RX-77368 not only blocked
      the effects of NT but also produced hyperalgesia. It appears that TRH analogs
      that are more resistant to biologic degradation are, like TRH, capable of
      blocking NT-induced behaviors.

PMID- 6425995
TI  - Potent central nervous system action of p-Glu-His-(3,3'-dimethyl)-Pro NH2, a
      stabilized analog of TRH, to stimulate gastric secretion in rats.
AB  - Intracisternal injection of the TRH analog RX 77368 (p-Glu-His-(3,3'-dimethyl)
      Pro NH2) increased gastric acid and pepsin output in conscious pylorus-ligated
      rats. In urethane-anesthetized, gastric fistula rats, intracisternal RX 77368 or
      TRH induced stimulation of gastric acid output which was rapid in onset, long
      lasting, and dose-dependent, in doses ranging from 3 to 100 ng/rat for RX 77368,
      and 0.1 to 1 micrograms/rat for TRH. Vagotomy or atropine pretreatment reversed
      RX 77368 gastric secretory response. The analog was less effective when infused
      intravenously (1-10 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) and 22 times more potent than TRH
      when given intracisternally. These results demonstrated the ability of RX 77368
      to act within the rat brain to enhance gastric secretion (acid and pepsin)
      through vagus cholinergic dependent mechanisms. The enhanced potency and extended
      duration of action of RX 77368 over TRH, could make intracisternal injection of
      this peptide a useful test to induce centrally mediated vagal dependent
      stimulation of gastric secretion in rats.

PMID- 6425996
TI  - Pesticides: the good and the bad.
AB  - Pesticides have been used for many years. In earlier times they were a protection
      against fungi and insect pests. The great increase in the use of pesticides
      occurred with the development of new organic chemicals following World Wars I and
      II. In addition to chemicals for the control of fungi and insects, new
      developments were nematocides, herbicides, rodenticides, avicides, defoliants,
      wood preservatives, etc. The use of chemicals helped increase productivity, but
      caused great concern about their effect on human health and safety. On the other
      hand, chemicals did help tremendously from the standpoint of protecting against
      diseases that were carried by insects, especially mosquitoes. Adverse publicity
      has caused great concern about pesticides and this is especially so since our
      society has undergone great changes from an agricultural society to an industrial
      society and finally to a communications society. Unfortunately, publicity
      relating to the use of pesticides has seldom been balanced from the standpoint of
      the good and the bad. In fact, the communications media has and does usually
      stress the potential adverse effects of pesticides without reference to the good.
      This has caused concern on the part of advocates and the average person to the
      extent that it has placed heavy constraints on agriculture. There is a need for
      the dissemination of balanced information on the good as well as the bad of
      pesticides.

PMID- 6425997
TI  - [Diabetic ketoalkalosis].

PMID- 6425998
TI  - [Comparative study of 41 sputum samples with positive bacilloscopy by the
      trisodium phosphate and Petroff technics].

PMID- 6425999
TI  - [Exploratory strategy for hydrocephalus in adults].
AB  - Decision theory can be useful for the determination of an optimal diagnostic
      and/or therapeutic strategy. Of course, the physician remains the only decision
      maker, but these methods, quite simple, introduce a scientific background to
      medical decisions by the quantitative evaluation of the consequences of the
      choices. We will present the use of such a methodology in the treatment of adults
      presenting hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6426000
TI  - [Effect of mammillary body lesions in adult rats on the survival and development
      of their young].
AB  - The lesion of the mammillary bodies in the adult female did not alter the
      oestrous cycle, sexual behavior, parturition, or the number and weight of pups at
      birth. Neither did it alter maternal behavior (nesting behavior, cleaning of the
      pups, placentophagia, nursing position, retrieving, etc.). Nevertheless, more
      than 30% of the pups born from the mothers with total lesions of the mammillary
      bodies died during the first 10 days after birth. The weight of the surviving
      pups was greatly impaired and the pups showed severe undernourishment. The
      effects of the lesion of the mammillary bodies on the survival and weight of the
      pups were dependent on the mass of tissue destroyed in that structure.

PMID- 6426001
TI  - Sodium arachidonate induced in vitro polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) aggregated to sodium arachidonate (AA)
      in a dose dependent manner. Other agents such as epinephrine, or ADP were unable
      to initiate aggregation. The cells released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during
      aggregation, and electron microscopy demonstrated distinct morphologic changes in
      PMNs aggregated with AA. Indomethacin enhanced AA induced aggregation, whereas 1
      methylimidazole inhibited aggregation and LDH release. Preincubation with
      cytochalasin B (CTB) did not enhance AA induced aggregation, nor did it reduce
      LDH release. Also, the effects of indomethacin or 1-methylimidazole on AA induced
      aggregation were unaltered by the presence of CTB. The results indicate that 1)
      LDH release occurs as a function of the aggregation process rather than a non
      specific effect, 2) competition between cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase occurs
      and 3) shifting this competition in favor of lipoxygenase enhances the PMN
      aggregation process.

PMID- 6426002
TI  - Arterial blood gas tensions during exercise in a horse with laryngeal hemiplegia,
      before and after corrective surgery.
AB  - Arterial blood samples were collected during maximal exercise over 1.6 km in a
      thoroughbred horse with left laryngeal hemiplegia. Acid-base and blood gas
      measurements were performed on each sample and compared to the results from
      samples which were similarly collected 48 hours after laryngoplasty surgery was
      performed. Before surgery, the PaO2 was 53.2 mm Hg and the PaCO2 was 58.1 mm Hg
      after 1.6 km. After surgery, the corresponding results were 83.6 mm Hg (PaO2) and
      39.0 mm Hg (PaCO2). There was no significant difference in the times taken for
      each gallop. The exercise intolerance associated with laryngeal paralysis may be
      caused by an increase in the oxygen cost of breathing.

PMID- 6426003
TI  - [Visceral therapeutic arterial embolization. II. Therapeutic arterial
      embolization in hepatic tumors].

PMID- 6426004
TI  - Molecular genetics of immunoglobulin heavy chain switching.

PMID- 6426005
TI  - Role of growth factors during normal and neoplastic intrathymic development.

PMID- 6426006
TI  - Immunologically generated circulating anticoagulants in humans.

PMID- 6426007
TI  - Antibody-mediated inhibition of effector B and T cell function.

PMID- 6426008
TI  - Biology of interleukin-2.

PMID- 6426009
TI  - Macrophage-directed lymphokines.

PMID- 6426010
TI  - [How to begin and when to discontinue anti-epilepsy treatment?].

PMID- 6426011
TI  - [The place of lipids in parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6426012
TI  - [Adaptation of parenteral nutrition in respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 6426013
TI  - ["Artificial" feeding in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the digestive
      tract].

PMID- 6426014
TI  - [Hepatic and biliary complications during parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6426015
TI  - [Cerebral bilharziasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni].
AB  - A 21-year-old French serviceman who had been posted to black Africa on several
      occasions between 1978 and 1981 was hospitalized in August 1981 with generalized
      convulsive seizures. The only abnormal finding on clinical, paraclinical and
      biological investigation was blood hypereosinophilia. A further generalized
      convulsive fit occurred in August 1982. A CT scan then showed a poorly defined
      hyperdense occipital area. Pathological examination of the operative specimen
      confirmed that the lesion was due to schistosoma mansoni. Investigation failed to
      detect clinical or biological evidence of other parasitic lesions. Specific
      serology was negative.

PMID- 6426016
TI  - Biochemical characterization and biologic actions of two toxins (D-1 and D-2)
      from Clostridium difficile.
AB  - Two toxins were isolated from a toxigenic strain of Clostridium difficile. The
      toxins were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange column chromatography to
      homogeneity as judged from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were designated
      D-1 and D-2. Toxin D-1 was lethal for mice, increased vascular permeability, and
      induced fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops, and toxin D-2 displayed
      cytotoxicity in HeLa cells with a minimum of 1 pg of toxin. The molecular weights
      of toxins D-1 and D-2, as estimated by gel filtration, ranged from 550,000 to
      600,000 and from 450,000 to 500,000, respectively. These toxins were heat labile
      and inactivated by pronase and trypsin. Amino acid analyses of both toxins showed
      them to be of relatively similar composition. Antisera prepared against purified
      toxin D-1 neutralized all of the biologic activities of toxin D-1, whereas it did
      not affect any of the biologic activities of toxin D-2. A sensitive latex
      agglutination immunoassay was developed for screening for C. difficile toxin D-1
      in patients with pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 6426017
TI  - [Acute poisoning in children. I].

PMID- 6426018
TI  - [Hemoglobinuria in children].

PMID- 6426019
TI  - [Hyperlipoprotein phenotypes as risk factors in ischemic heart disease. I.
      General aspects].

PMID- 6426020
TI  - [The place and value of computerized tomography in the study of tumor masses in
      children].

PMID- 6426021
TI  - [Specific morphological lesions in chronic liver disease in children].

PMID- 6426022
TI  - [Idiopathic hypercalcemia apropos of a clinical case].

PMID- 6426023
TI  - [Marshall type of ectodermal dysplasia (apropos of a case)].

PMID- 6426024
TI  - [Mosaic trisomy 18 associated with Jeune syndrome].

PMID- 6426025
TI  - [Conradi chondrodysplasia--stippled disease of the epiphyses].

PMID- 6426026
TI  - [Salt excess in infant nutrition: clinical, physiopathological and therapeutic
      implications].

PMID- 6426027
TI  - Red cell membrane diseases and blood group abnormalities.

PMID- 6426028
TI  - [Comparative studies of the antibacterial activity of procaine powder of various
      origins].

PMID- 6426029
TI  - [Primary care nursing aides in a long-term/geriatric service].

PMID- 6426030
TI  - How DRGs will affect your hospital--and you.

PMID- 6426031
TI  - [Ecological aspects of South American trypanosomiasis. XIX - Development of
      regional Triatominae domiciliation in an endemic center of Panstrongylus
      megistus].

PMID- 6426032
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of a .5% NaF solution by mouthwash,
      toothbrushing or both, in the prevention of dental caries].

PMID- 6426033
TI  - [Diverticula of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6426034
TI  - [Surgical treatment of parabronchial and epiphrenic esophageal diverticula].

PMID- 6426035
TI  - Urinary 99m-Tc-diphosphonate excretion as a simple method to quantify bone
      metabolism.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour whole-body retention (WBR) of 99m-Tc-methylene-diphosphonate (an
      index of bone turnover) was determined by whole-body counting (WBRs) and
      complementarily by urine counting (WBRu) in nineteen subjects with normal to
      highly increased bone turnover. WBRs and WBRu correlated well (r = 0.94, P less
      than 0.001), and gave almost the same results. Both WBRs correlated equally well
      with serum alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline/creatinine (r = 0.82
      0.93). Coefficient of variation in WBRu was 7.0%, determined by duplicate
      measurements in sixteen normals. The injected dose of diphosphonate did not
      influence WBRu. However, since almost 50% of the diphosphonate excreted in urine
      appeared during the first few hours after the i.v. injection, the method of WBRu
      requires careful urine collection. Thus, the simple WBRu determination provides
      the same information on bone metabolism as does the more cumbersome and expensive
      WBRs technique.

PMID- 6426036
TI  - Turbidimetric measurement of Bence-Jones proteins using antibodies against free
      light chains of immunoglobulins. An artifact caused by different polymeric forms
      of light chains.
AB  - The different polymeric forms of free kappa and lambda light chains from urines
      of two myeloma patients were separated by gel filtration. When samples containing
      kappa chains in equal protein concentration were quantified by turbidimetry with
      anti-free kappa chain antibodies, two out of three samples reacted much less
      sensitively than the third sample. When analysed with SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in conditions dissociating non-covalent but not covalent
      linkages, these two samples contained monomeric light chains, whereas the third
      sample contained dimers.

PMID- 6426037
TI  - Effect of Scotchbond dependent on cavity cleaning, cavity diameter and
      cavosurface angle.
AB  - The effect of Scotchbond on the wall-to-wall polymerization contraction of a
      visible light activated microfilled resin was investigated in cavities prepared
      in extracted human teeth. The cavities were cleaned either with water spray or a
      saturated acidic solution of EDTA, the latter giving significantly better
      results. The cavities were prepared with cavosurface angles between 90 degrees
      and 160 degrees. A highly significant improvement of marginal adaptation was
      found with increasing cavosurface angle.

PMID- 6426038
TI  - Prostaglandins and vagal stimulation of gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer
      patients.
AB  - The effects of a stable prostaglandin (PG) E2 analog (15-R-15 methyl PGE2) and
      aspirin, a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, on modified sham-feeding (MSF)
      stimulated gastric secretion and serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
      levels were measured in patients with duodenal ulcer. PGE2 analog given orally
      significantly reduced gastric acid and pepsin secretion and suppressed serum PP
      but not gastrin responses to MSF. Suppression of PG generation in the gastric
      mucosa did not influence the secretory or hormonal responses to MSF. This study
      shows that endogenous PGs are not involved in the control of vagally stimulated
      gastric secretion, but exogenous PGE2 analog is an effective inhibitor of such
      secretion and merits clinical evaluation in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6426039
TI  - The effect of chemical sympathectomy on insulin-stimulated gastric secretion in
      dogs.
AB  - Administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) causes selective acute degeneration
      of the adrenergic nerve terminals--that is, a reversible chemical sympathectomy.
      The effect of this drug was studied on the insulin-stimulated gastric secretion.
      Insulin-stimulated (0.15-0.4 IU/kg) gastric acid and pepsin output and serum
      gastrin were measured before and after 6-OHDA treatment (40 mg/kg) in gastric
      fistula dogs. Chemical sympathectomy resulted in a highly significant increase in
      acid and pepsin secretion. However, the hypoglycemic gastrin release was
      unaltered except the peak response, which showed a significant reduction. These
      data confirm earlier observations that the sympathetic innervation of the stomach
      has an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion in the dog. Furthermore it seems
      that the adrenergic fibers in the vagus nerve might have some modulating effect
      on the insulin-induced gastrin release.

PMID- 6426040
TI  - Some effects of orchiectomy, oestrogen treatment and radiation therapy in
      patients with prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - In patients treated for prostatic carcinoma with oestrogen, orchiectomy or
      external radiation, serum concentrations of testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin,
      TeBG and oestradiol-17 beta as well as changes in sexual behaviour and mental
      mood were studied. Oestrogen treatment as well as orchiectomy reduced serum
      testosterone concentration to similar values. Neither totally nor subcapsularly
      orchiectomized patients responded to HCG stimulation. The free testosterone was
      68% lower in oestrogen treated than in orchiectomized patients, probably due to a
      high TeBG concentration induced by oestrogens. patients oestrogen treated for
      less than 3 years and in whom the treatment had been withdrawn had normal serum
      testosterone and LH at follow-up. In contrast, low serum testosterone
      concentration and normal LH were found after oestrogen cessation in patients
      oestrogen treated for more than 3 years indicating reduced Leydig cell, and/or
      hypothalamic-hypophyseal function. In patients oestrogen treated for more than 3
      years the serum testosterone concentration neither increased after oestrogen
      cessation nor decreased after orchiectomy. Absorbed testes doses during radiation
      treatment were measured from a few to more than 10 Gy but were reduced by about
      50% if the gonads were protected by lead shields during anterior and posterior
      treatment sessions. Radiation may affect gonadal function as decreased serum
      testosterone concentration and increased LH, FSH were found after treatment.
      Sexual function was altered after oestrogen, orchiectomy and radiation treatment.
      Sexual activity and capability were distinctly better maintained after radiation
      than after orchiectomy or oestrogen treatment. Sixty-seven percent of the
      patients had coitus or masturbated after radiation treatment, all experiencing
      orgasm. Patients on oestrogen treatment or after orchiectomy had
      coitus/masturbation less often (17% in both groups). They also experienced orgasm
      less often (8% and 17% respectively). The group of patients on oestrogen
      treatment had a higher average score for depression than those treated with
      orchiectomy or radiation treatment.

PMID- 6426041
TI  - Respiratory alkalosis early after stroke: its relation to loco-motor function.
AB  - In 27 acute stroke patients with hemi-motor deficit blood gases (paO2, paCO2 and
      blood pH) were determined within 72 hours and related to level of consciousness,
      site of brain lesion, findings of haemorrhage into the cerebral spinal fluid,
      extent of motor impairment and concomitant medical disorders. Sixteen subjects
      were followed for three weeks with repeated blood-gas sampling and assessment of
      motor control. Respiratory alkalosis occurred in 37%, hypoxia in 7% but acidosis
      in none. Blood gas abnormalities were significantly and positively associated
      only with the extent of motor impairment. Only small changes in blood gases were
      found during the three weeks follow-up. Initial findings of respiratory alkalosis
      predicted poor motor recovery during the follow-up period.

PMID- 6426042
TI  - Gold in rheumatoid arthritis; the past, present and future. Proceedings of a
      symposium held in Copenhagen, April 15-16, 1983.

PMID- 6426043
TI  - Comparison of the kinetics of parenteral and oral gold.
AB  - The intramuscular (gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose) and the orally
      (auranofin) administered gold compounds exhibit contrasting patterns of
      absorption, excretion and body tissue and fluid levels. The parenteral compounds
      are fully absorbed after injection but negligibly absorbed orally. Approximately
      25% of the gold in auranofin is orally absorbed. Serum gold levels peak several
      hours after injection during conventional weekly treatment, attaining
      concentrations of 600-800 micrograms/dl, and then decline gradually, reaching 300
      350 micrograms/dl before the next injection. Whole blood gold levels with
      auranofin vary from 10 to 90 micrograms/dl with doses of 1-9 mg/day. Blood gold
      levels plateau after 6-8 weeks with the injectable compounds and after 12 weeks
      with oral gold, reflecting the shorter blood half-life of gold sodium thiomalate
      (5.5 days) than of auranofin (17-26 days). A larger fraction of gold is within or
      attached to circulating blood cells, especially erythrocytes, with auranofin than
      with injectable gold. Fourty percent of the administered dose is excreted during
      injectable chrysotherapy, and 75-100% is recovered in excreta with auranofin.
      Parenteral gold is excreted primarily in urine (70%) while auranofin gold is
      recovered primarily in faeces (95%). Approximately 43% of intravenous
      radiolabelled gold sodium thiomalate is retained in the body at 60 days and 30%
      at 180 days; only 15% of radiolabelled auranofin remains at 10 days and less than
      1% at 180 days. During injectable therapy, the total body burden of gold rises
      steadily; preliminary studies suggest minimal tissue accumulation with auranofin.

PMID- 6426044
TI  - Comparative safety and efficacy of auranofin and parenteral gold compounds: a
      review.
AB  - The comparative safety and efficacy of the orally active gold compound,
      auranofin, and parenteral gold compounds, principally gold sodium thiomalate, are
      reviewed. No difference in efficacy was detected in eight of the 12 published
      studies which compared auranofin and gold sodium thiomalate. Two studies favoured
      auranofin and two gold sodium thiomalate. Other parenteral gold compounds
      appeared more effective than auranofin. Adverse reactions and withdrawal rate
      from parenteral gold was found to be 2-3 times greater than from auranofin.
      Withdrawals due to inefficacy were found to be higher for auranofin than for
      parenteral gold although the incidence of inefficacy in the parenteral gold
      treated population was lower than that reported in other series. The nature of
      side effects from the two treatments was noticeably different; lower bowel
      symptoms with auranofin, and mucocutaneous lesions with parenteral gold
      compounds. Significant laboratory index changes were uncommon with both
      treatments, proteinuria being the most usual reason for withdrawal. Again the
      incidence of proteinuria and other laboratory abnormalities was less in the
      parenteral gold group than previously reported. Auranofin is possibly as
      effective and is definitely safer than parenteral gold compounds, and allows for
      longer periods of treatment.

PMID- 6426045
TI  - Risk factors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with parenteral gold.

PMID- 6426046
TI  - Gold in rheumatoid arthritis therapy today. Dosage.

PMID- 6426047
TI  - Gold in rheumatoid arthritis therapy today. Paediatrics.

PMID- 6426048
TI  - Gold in rheumatoid arthritis therapy today. Duration of therapy.

PMID- 6426049
TI  - The pharmacological profile of auranofin, an orally active gold compound.
AB  - Auranofin (AF; ' Ridaura '), an oral chrysotherapeutic agent, parenteral gold
      sodium thiomalate (GST) and gold thioglucose (GTG) were evaluated in order to
      compare their preclinical profiles. AF was found to be more effective than GST
      and GTG in suppressing inflammation and stimulating cell-mediated immunity. In
      contrast to GST, AF inhibited cellular release of lysosomal enzymes, antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity, production of antibodies in adjuvant arthritic
      rats, and antibodies involved in cytotoxicity reactions. In pharmacokinetic
      studies, plasma gold in rats following AF administration, exhibited greater cell
      association than after GST administration. In conclusion, the pharmacological
      profile of AF is markedly different from those of GST and GTG and this suggests
      potential for improvements in chrysotherapy.

PMID- 6426050
TI  - Immunosuppressive actions of gold salts.
AB  - In rheumatoid arthritis both lymphocyte-mediated and antibody-mediated immune
      reactions are important for the inflammatory lesions. In vivo activated B
      lymphocytes/plasma cells, T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages (Mo) are
      intimately involved in the disease process. Several clinical observations suggest
      an immunosuppressive action of gold salts. In humans, gold salts interfere with a
      number of Mo functions in vitro, including cellular interactions between Mo and T
      lymphocytes. Some workers have shown that the activation of human T lymphocytes
      is inhibited by gold salts, most probably secondary to an inhibition of Mo-T cell
      cooperation. Recent experiments indicate that gold salts also affect the in vitro
      differentiation of human B lymphocytes in response to polyclonal activators. Both
      the gold atom and the SH group seem to be important for the immunosuppressive
      actions of gold salts.

PMID- 6426051
TI  - The effect of auranofin on polymorphonuclear granulocytes.
AB  - The effects of auranofin on the function of neutrophil polymorphonuclear
      granulocytes (PMN) have been studied in vitro and in vivo. Preincubation of human
      PMN with auranofin (1-4 micrograms/ml) increased their adherence to nylon fibres
      and f-met-leu-phe-(fMLP) induced aggregation. PMN migration, phagocytosis,
      bactericidal capacity and phagocytosis-associated enzyme release were all
      significantly inhibited by auranofin in a dose-dependent way. Enzyme release
      stimulated by f-MLP, chemoluminescence and the release of superoxide anions all
      showed a biphasic response to preincubation with auranofin. They showed an
      increase at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. In studies
      of 3H-fMLP binding auranofin did not affect receptor numbers but increased
      binding affinity. Auranofin at higher concentrations decreased phorbolmyristate
      acetate and fMLP induced changes in surface charge and membrane potential. In
      vivo, auranofin administered to rats, did not prevent either the neutropenia
      induced by zymosan-activated serum or the corresponding rise in plasma
      lactoferrin levels. PMNs from six rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with
      auranofin (6 mg/day) for 23 weeks showed changes in bactericidal activity,
      chemotaxis and chemiluminescence independent of the clinical response. Enzyme
      release, however, was reduced in PMNs from clinical responders and showed no
      change in non-responders.

PMID- 6426052
TI  - Gold resistance in cultured human cells possible role of metallothionein.
AB  - Insufficient therapeutic effect of auranofin (AF), used in the treatment of
      rheumatoid arthritis, is found in about 8% of the patients included in clinical
      trials until now. The mechanisms of resistance to gold-containing drugs are not
      known, but one reason might be acquired drug resistance. We have studied the
      relationship between the effects of gold and concentration of the cytoplasmic
      metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT), in order to evaluate MT as a possible
      contributing factor to resistance against AF. Different strains of cultured human
      epithelial cells derived from normal skin, treated with AF, were used as models.
      The experiments indicate two possible mechanisms for resistance against AF in
      cells: 1) binding of gold to pre-existent cadmium-induced MT or to de novo AF
      induced MT, and 2) the cells' ability to keep the intracellular gold
      concentration at a low level. AF apparently causes a rapid and pronounced
      increase of MT-content in these cells. Preliminary results also indicated that AF
      causes increase of MT-content in human rheumatoid synovial cells, grown as
      primary cultures. These findings may have two clinical implications: 1) AF
      induced MT may decrease therapeutic response, and 2) decrease the toxicity of AF.

PMID- 6426053
TI  - Is gold necessary in so called chrysotherapy?
AB  - It is postulated that the efficacy of sodium aurothiomalate and d-penicillamine
      could be partly dependent on the activity of sulphydryl groups. Free thiomalate,
      the thiol from sodium aurothiomalate was shown to be liberated in vivo and has
      been detected in the blood and urine of sodium aurothiomalate-treated patients.
      An increase in intracellular glutathione levels in response to treatment with
      sodium aurothiomalate and penicillamine was demonstrated and considered to be
      related to these drugs' properties as thiols. A pilot clinical trial using sodium
      thiomalate treatment demonstrated clinical improvement in four out of six
      patients after one course. Two patients relapsed but both improved after a second
      course and there were no serious adverse reactions. It is concluded that although
      larger controlled clinical trials are required, the role of gold in
      "chrysotherapy" must remain in question.

PMID- 6426054
TI  - Comparison of oral and parenteral gold therapy and placebo in the treatment of
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two hundred and eight patients entered a prospective, controlled, double-blind
      multicenter trial comparing auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate (GST), and placebo.
      One hundred and sixty-one patients completed at least 20 weeks of therapy. No
      remissions were seen in the trial. Response to a variety of measures of efficacy
      was generally modest for both gold treatment groups. There was statistically
      significant improvement with both gold preparations compared to placebo for the
      number of tender joints, the joint tenderness score, and physician assessment of
      disease severity. GST was also significantly better than placebo for the joint
      swelling score. GST demonstrated statistical improvement in patients with anaemia
      and thrombocytosis compared to the other treatment groups and both gold
      preparations were statistically superior to placebo in improvement of an elevated
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Approximately 25% of patients on GST were
      withdrawn from the study for adverse drug reaction with rash and stomatitis being
      the predominant reaction. Only 6% of patients on auranofin were withdrawn for
      untoward drug effect. The two gold preparations were similar in efficacy although
      auranofin was better tolerated.

PMID- 6426055
TI  - [Free thyroxin as a determinant for thyroid function. Evaluation of direct
      determination of fT4 compared to the oral TRH test].
AB  - The diagnostic value of a direct assay of free thyroxine has been evaluated by
      comparing the concentration of free T4 with the results of an oral TRH test. 147
      patients were referred to an endocrine outpatient department because of suspected
      thyroid dysfunction. Based on clinical investigation and on the results of an
      oral TRH test, 75 patients were euthyroid, 12 hyperthyroid and 12 hypothyroid.
      Preclinical hypothyroidism (3 h- TSH value above 35 mE/l and euthyroid peripheral
      thyroid hormone levels) was found in 25 patients. In 23, preclinical
      hyperthyroidism (3 h- TSH value after TRH below the sensitivity of the assay,
      i.e. less than 1 mE/l) together with euthyroid peripheral thyroid hormone values
      was found. Free thyroxine was assayed using the solid phase technique (Clinical
      Assay); intraassay coefficients of variation varied between 4.5 and 7.6% and
      interassay coefficients of variation between 8 and 13%. A normal range for free
      thyroxine was found between 8.4 and 26.4 pmol/l, the log mean being 14.9 pmol/l.
      In 12 hyperthyroid patients the free T4 concentration was above 49.4 pmol/l,
      while the mean of 12 hypothyroid patients was below 4.4 pmol/l. The mean free T4
      concentrations in the syndromes of preclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism, which
      by definition are only recognizable by the TSH increase in response to TRH, were
      within the normal range. Using the sensitive TRH test as a comparison, the
      present investigation thus confirms the reliability of direct assay of free T4
      for the diagnosis of thyroid function in clinical practise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426056
TI  - More progress on the T cell receptor.

PMID- 6426057
TI  - Human monocytes activated by immunomodulators in liposomes lyse herpesvirus
      infected but not normal cells.
AB  - Highly purified peripheral blood monocytes from normal human donors were
      activated in vitro by incubation with liposomes containing immunomodulators such
      as recombinant human gamma interferon, human lymphokines, or muramyl dipeptide.
      The ability of liposomes containing immunomodulators to activate monocytes to a
      cytotoxic state capable of discriminating between virus-infected and uninfected
      cells was shown by activated monocytes recognizing and destroying herpes simplex
      virus type 2-infected cells while leaving uninfected cells unharmed .

PMID- 6426058
TI  - Toxicant-disease-environment interactions associated with suppression of immune
      system, growth, and reproduction.
AB  - The effects of marginal malnourishment , infections, and environmental chemicals
      on growth and reproductive success in Swiss-Webster white mice and wild deer mice
      were studied with fractional factorial designs. Interaction effects were
      discovered. For example, malnourished mice were more sensitive to virus exposure
      and environmental chemicals (a plant growth regulator or polychlorinated
      biphenyls). Since several commercial plant growth regulators also appear to
      suppress the immune system, these results cast doubt on the adequacy of current
      toxicity testing procedures in which factors are studied individually and not in
      combination.

PMID- 6426059
TI  - Trail of ironies to Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6426060
TI  - [The influence of tellurium upon experimental dental caries development in the
      rat. Effect of cysteine, thioctic acid or ascorbic acid combinations on nutrition
      and experimental dental caries development induced by sodium tellurate].

PMID- 6426061
TI  - [Study of the Rh system in blood stains].
AB  - Results of the RH system detection in blood spots of various age are presented.
      Absorption-elution method was used with incomplete anti-RH serum and papain or
      bromelin.

PMID- 6426062
TI  - Hyponatremia.

PMID- 6426063
TI  - Antemortem diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis: ten-year review and report of a
      case.
AB  - A review of the medical literature over the last ten years indicates the rarity
      of antemortem diagnosis and treatment of systemic aspergillosis despite its rapid
      increase in incidence in the United States. We report a case of systemic
      aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus flavus which was isolated from the blood of
      an immunosuppressed patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The
      fungus grew rapidly on brain-heart infusion medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar
      cultures. Autopsy examination of tissue and subsequent cultures confirmed the
      antemortem diagnosis.

PMID- 6426064
TI  - Hematogenous group B streptococcal osteomyelitis in an adult.
AB  - We have reported a case of group B streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis in a 55
      year-old alcoholic man. This may be the first reported case of group B
      streptococcal osteomyelitis in an adult that was not secondary to surgery,
      ischemic peripheral vascular disease, or a contiguous infection.

PMID- 6426065
TI  - High anion gap acidosis during intravenous infusion of protein hydrolysate.

PMID- 6426066
TI  - [Natirose].

PMID- 6426067
TI  - [Antibodies to chondroitin sulfate and the leukocyte migration inhibition
      reaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and deforming osteoarthrosis].

PMID- 6426068
TI  - Evidence for mutagenic repair in V79 cell mutant with aphidicolin-resistant DNA
      polymerase-alpha.
AB  - An aphidicolin-resistant ( aphr ) mutant of Chinese hamster V79 cells, aphr -4-2,
      is shown to be slow-growing, sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation,
      hypermutable for spontaneous and UV-induced mutations, and known to contain an
      aphr mutant DNA polymerase-alpha, with a 10-fold reduction in the Km for dCTP but
      not for dATP. We show here that the mutant had a normal repair replication
      measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis assay. The mutant was specifically
      sensitive and hypermutable to UV and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, but it
      had normal sensitivity to ionizing radiation and dimethyl sulfate. Unlike the V79
      (wt) cells, the mutant exhibited further enhancement in the already elevated
      mutability following UV and conditioned medium treatment. The mutant
      characteristic is explained by the presence of an error-prone long-patch excision
      repair synthesis. The association in the mutant properties--an aphr DNA
      polymerase-alpha, UV sensitivity, and hypermutability to UV-induced mutation-
      provides the genetic evidence that DNA polymerase-alpha is likely to be involved
      in UV-induced DNA repair synthesis.

PMID- 6426069
TI  - Photon scalpels--the laser in South African neurosurgery.

PMID- 6426070
TI  - Ocular effects of various laser wavelengths.
AB  - Lasers have become an indispensable tool in management of many ocular disorders.
      This review describes the principles of lasers and the effects various laser
      modalities and wavelength modalities can produce on ocular structure. Guidelines
      are provided for appropriate selection of various wavelengths and prevention of
      complications of the laser treatment.

PMID- 6426071
TI  - [Functional blood circulatory changes in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the
      bronchi in primary and secondary bronchitis patients].

PMID- 6426072
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: a study of 52 treated and 64 untreated
      patients.
AB  - We have carried out sequential prospective studies of treatment with surgery
      alone, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.
      The survival of treated patients was contrasted with that of 64 contemporary
      untreated patients whose clinical condition at presentation was comparable with
      that of the treated patients. Non-radical surgery alone (28 patients) was of
      palliative benefit, particularly for the control of recurrent pleural effusions,
      and may have prolonged survival in one patient with localised malignant
      mesothelioma. Chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide
      (12 patients, with preceding surgery in eight) was without objective benefit.
      Megavoltage radiotherapy by an off axis beam rotational technique (12 patients,
      with preceding surgery in eight) abolished pain and dyspnoea and may have
      prolonged survival in one patient and terminated recurrent pleural effusions in
      three, but it was of no value in the other patients. There was no significant
      difference in survival between treatment groups or between treated and untreated
      patients, and no difference when mesotheliomas of epithelial, sarcomatous, and
      mixed cell types were examined separately. Treatment of this disease appeared to
      fail because of the unresponsiveness of the tumour to existing forms of treatment
      and the advanced stage of the disease at clinical presentation.

PMID- 6426073
TI  - Inhibition by sodium cromoglycate of bronchoconstriction stimulated by
      respiratory heat loss: comparison of pressurised aerosol and powder.
AB  - The protective effect was examined of three doses (2, 10, and 20 mg) of sodium
      cromoglycate inhaled from a pressurised metered dose inhaler on the response to
      isocapnic hyperventilation of cold dry air in 10 asthmatic subjects. This was
      compared with the effect of cromoglycate powder (20 mg) inhaled from a Spincap
      and with placebo given on two occasions. The medications were inhaled on separate
      days, in random order and with the use of a double blind double dummy technique,
      20 minutes before isocapnic hyperventilation of two fold increasing volumes of
      air (-15 degrees C, 0% humidity) to produce a 20% fall in the post-treatment
      FEV1. The response was expressed as the provocative dose of respiratory heat loss
      required to cause a fall in FEV1 of 15% (PD15, kcal/min). The mean baseline
      spirometric indices exceeded 85% of predicted normal values on each test day;
      both placebo treatments reduced the baseline FEV1 by comparison with all active
      treatments (p less than 0.0001). Comparison of the PD15 on the two placebo days
      confirmed excellent reproducibility. All doses of cromoglycate shifted the
      respiratory heat loss dose-response curve to the right of the placebo curve; PD15
      after all active treatments exceeded PD15 after placebo (p less than 0.0001).
      There was no cromoglycate dose-response relationship between the three doses of
      aerosol (p greater than 0.05), or between any dose of aerosol and powder (p
      greater than 0.05). It is concluded that cromoglycate aerosol inhaled from a
      pressurised inhaler in a dose of 2 mg gives the same magnitude of protection
      against bronchoconstriction stimulated by airway cooling as 20 mg of pressurised
      aerosol or powder from a Spincap.

PMID- 6426074
TI  - Penicillium allergic alveolitis: faulty installation of central heating.
AB  - A married couple presented with an illness typical of allergic alveolitis. A
      careful search of their home revealed a leak in the central heating system with a
      heavy fungal growth on wet flooring and linoleum. Two species of Penicillium, P
      chrysogenum and P cyclopium, were isolated from floorboards, linoleum, and settle
      plates. Antibodies against both these fungi were demonstrated in the serum of
      both patients by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Allergic
      alveolitis caused by P chrysogenum and P cyclopium has not been described
      previously.

PMID- 6426076
TI  - A comparative study using immunological and biological assay of the haemostatic
      responses to DDAVP infusion venous occlusion and exercise in normal men.
AB  - In a group of six normal male volunteers, infusion of DDAVP, venous occlusion and
      exercise were shown to increase plasma levels of factor VIII and plasminogen
      activator, activity and antigen, to different extents and at differing rates. Any
      mechanisms suggested to explain release of these proteins by various stimuli
      should account for such differences. All three stimuli could also increase plasma
      levels of prostacyclin metabolites, although this was only significant for high
      doses of DDAVP. Other potential endothelial markers, such as fibronectin and
      thrombospondin, showed no specific increase after any of the stimuli.

PMID- 6426075
TI  - Azlocillin compared with carbenicillin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary
      infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A randomised controlled open comparison of azlocillin and gentamicin versus
      carbenicillin and gentamicin was carried out in patients with cystic fibrosis who
      were chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The clinical response was
      assessed by measurements of pulmonary function and of the patients' feelings of
      wellbeing scored on a visual analogue scale. The sputum penetration of the
      antibiotics used was also studied. The two groups of 10 patients were similar in
      terms of age, sex, and pulmonary function at entry to the trial. Both regimens
      produced significant improvement in pulmonary function over 10 days. The mean
      FEV1 in the azlocillin group increased from 1206 to 1760 ml (p less than 0.001).
      In the carbenicillin group the mean FEV1 increased from 1116 to 1619 ml (p less
      than 0.001). Significant improvements in peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital
      capacity, and score on the visual analogue scale were also seen but there was no
      significant difference between the antibiotic regimens. Despite high serum
      concentrations the sputum penetration of the antibiotics was poor.

PMID- 6426077
TI  - Heparin small pool high yield purified factor VIII: in vivo recovery and half
      life of routinely produced freeze-dried concentrate.
AB  - New approaches and techniques for improving source material collection and Factor
      VIII production at Blood Bank level have been reported recently. Heparin has been
      shown to be of importance in increasing yields and stability of FVIII in the
      purification and concentration process. Work has been done to develop on a
      routine scale the heparin double cold precipitation technique for the production
      of a freeze-dried high yield purified FVIII concentrate. The product has been
      tested clinically in 4 severe hemophilia A patients for recovery, half-life and
      acute side-effects, using two dosages over 8 infusions. There was no significant
      difference between the two dosages. Mean recovery 99.1% and mean half-life 8 hr,
      ranging from 6.5 to 10.3 hr. No side-effects justify further exploration of the
      potential of heparin for high yield purified FVIII production.

PMID- 6426078
TI  - Reduced effect of exercise and DDAVP on factor VIII-von Willebrand Factor and
      plasminogen activator after sequential application of both the stimuli.

PMID- 6426079
TI  - Dissociation of factor VIII.

PMID- 6426080
TI  - The inability of propranolol and aspirin to inhibit the response of fibrinolytic
      activity and factor VIII-antigen to infusion of DDAVP.
AB  - We tested the response of the fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII-antigen
      levels to infusion of DDAVP in healthy volunteers and we studied the influence of
      propranolol and aspirin on this response. After DDAVP, 0.4 microgram/kg in 10 min
      i.v., the fibrinolytic activity of redissolved euglobulins rose from 179 to 452
      mm2 (lysis area of fibrin plates); after pretreatment with propranolol, 320 mg
      per day during 7 days, DDAVP induced a similar rise (from 166 to 471 mm2) and
      after pretreatment with a single dose of aspirin, 600 mg, ingested 5 hr before
      the DDAVP infusion, the lysis area increased from 159 to 455 mm2. Factor VIII
      antigen level increased within 60 min after DDAVP from 104 to 208%; after
      pretreatment with propranolol from 111 to 230% and after a single dose of
      aspirin, DDAVP induced a rise from 107 to 206%. From these data we conclude that
      neither baseline levels nor the release of plasminogen activator or factor VIII
      after DDAVP infusion are influenced by beta-blockade or by interference with
      prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6426081
TI  - Antithrombin III determination by rate (kinetic) nephelometry.
AB  - Rate nephelometry immunological antithrombin III determination was elaborated
      with Beckman Immunochemistry System. The measuring can be carried out within 60
      sec from 20 microliters plasma. The results show a close correlation with those
      of gained by the radial immunodiffusion method (r = 0.91( and by Coatest (Kabi
      Ortho) (r = 0.77). Both laser-nephelometric and usual non-nephelometric anti
      antithrombin III serum (Behring) may be applied.

PMID- 6426082
TI  - Plasma levels of a specific inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (and
      urokinase) in normal and pathological conditions.
AB  - Rapid inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in human plasma was
      measured by addition of 5 IU (50 ng) of purified t-PA per ml plasma and
      measurement of residual t-PA in the euglobulin precipitate after 5 min incubation
      at 37 degrees C. The recovery of both t-PA activity and t-PA related antigen in
      pooled plasma from healthy individuals was approximately 90 percent, indicating
      that one ml of pooled normal plasma inhibits less than 1 IU or 10 ng of t-PA
      within 5 min. Of 20 control subjects 13 had less than 1 IU inhibitor activity; 5
      subjects inhibited between 1 and 3 IU of t-PA and 2 subjects inhibited around 4.5
      IU. The inhibitor titer in the latter two had however decreased to 1.8 and 2.7 IU
      after two days. Markedly increased rapid inhibition of t-PA (greater than 4 IU
      per ml) was found in plasma of patients with severe liver disease (3 of 8),
      pancreatitis (4 of 8), malignancy (5 of 26), but only very occasionally and
      transiently in that of patients with myocardial infarction (5 of 28) or deep vein
      thrombosis (2 of 9). Increased inhibition was observed on the first day following
      coronary bypass (22 of 42) or open heart (16 of 27) surgery but this had
      disappeared in 15 of 16 patients on the fifth postoperative day. Titration of
      inhibitor levels revealed maximal amounts of 30 to 50 IU per ml plasma.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426083
TI  - Altered properties of phospholipid-bound factor VIII.

PMID- 6426084
TI  - [Ergotism with intestinal gangrene. Chronic intoxication with ergotamine tartrate
      in the treatment of migraine].

PMID- 6426085
TI  - [Diverticulosis in the female urethra].

PMID- 6426086
TI  - [Medical information for nurses. The patient with multiple injuries. III. The
      postoperative phase].

PMID- 6426087
TI  - [Poisoning with chlorine gas. Immediate and late sequelae].
AB  - The goal of this study is to appreciate the early and late sequelae caused by
      Chlorine Gas. 186 exposed patients have been admitted to our unit since 1962-119
      had functional respiratory explorations (FRE) with an analysis of blood gases, 79
      underwent a study of carbon monoxide transfer. The results are in accordance with
      the literature for example 25% of the CO transfer test were pathological. 56
      occupationally exposed subjects having had at least three acute episodes of
      exposure have been compared to 197 control subjects (groups were classed in
      function of age, tobacco intake, and pulmonary antecedent). Chlorine exposure
      even when frequent has no the influence on the FRE results or the appearance of
      pulmonary pathology. The pre-existence of a pulmonary disease doesn't affect the
      prognosis.

PMID- 6426088
TI  - The effects of EDTA in acute cobalt intoxication in rats.
AB  - The effect of EDTA on acute cobalt toxicity in rats was the subject of our
      investigation. There was complete effectiveness for two methods of treatment of
      the Co and EDTA, except when the CoCl2 was given orally and EDTA
      intraperitoneally. When the CoCl2-EDTA complex was given orally or
      intraperitoneally there were no deaths, not even at LD100 values of the CoCl2. No
      noteworthy changes were brought about in the hematological parameters and serum
      parameters of the animals receiving the CoCl2-EDTA complexes after a week's
      treatment. Significant differences appeared in the variation of some blood
      parameters measured 12 hours after the administration of the Co/CH3-COO)2-EDTA
      complex compared with the same parameters measured on giving only Co(CH3-COO)2.

PMID- 6426089
TI  - Microsomal electron transport and xenobiotic monooxygenase activities during the
      embryonic period of development in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus.
AB  - The developmental patterns of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity were followed during embryonic development
      in Fundulus. AHH activity was localized in microsomal fractions prepared from
      whole Fundulus embryos and eleutheroembryos. On the basis of this subcellular
      localization, the requirements of O2 and NADPH for activity, and sensitivity to
      carbon monoxide and cytochrome c inhibition, the AHH activity in Fundulus embryos
      and eleutheroembryos appeared to be cytochrome P-450 dependent. AHH activity was
      measurable in stages prior to the appearance of the liver rudiment, and during
      subsequent embryonic development the extrahepatic tissues were likely to have
      contributed substantially to the AHH activity measured. At all stages assayed
      before hatching, microsomal AHH specific activity remained uniformly low, but
      within 24 hr of hatching, AHH specific activity increased about ninefold. This
      posthatching increase in AHH activity was not age dependent, nor developmental
      stage dependent, but rather required hatching, and was not due to the presence of
      endogenous inhibitors in prehatching stages. The levels of NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase activity and AHH activity were not closely correlated in whole embryo
      and eleutheroembryo microsomes, but the AHH activity in these preparations
      apparently was not limited by the levels of the NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450)
      reductase. The presence of AHH activity in Fundulus embryos during the period of
      active organogenesis, prior to hatching, indicates that this species is likely to
      be susceptible to a variety of teratogens requiring metabolic activation, and
      this may be the case for other species of fish as well.

PMID- 6426090
TI  - Liver morphology in guinea pigs fed pyrolysis products of a polychlorinated
      biphenyl transformer fluid continuously for 90 days.
AB  - After a fire involving a transformer, the State Office Building in Binghamton,
      New York, was contaminated with soot containing polychlorinated biphenyls,
      biphenylenes, naphthalenes, dioxins, and dibenzofurans. The toxicity of the soot
      and its effect on liver morphology after prolonged (subchronic) exposure were
      determined for both sexes of Hartley guinea pigs, which were fed soot
      continuously for 90 days. By light microscopy the observed alterations of the
      liver were predominantly centrilobular; they included hepatocyte hypertrophy,
      steatosis, increased glycogen and iron, focal necrosis, and bile duct
      proliferation with fibrosis. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and acidophilic hyalin-like
      bodies were observed. Electron microscopy of hepatocytes showed proliferated
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), cytoplasmic vacuoles, concentric membrane
      arrays (CMAs), glycogen bodies, and microdroplets of fat, often without limiting
      membranes. The vacuoles frequently contained membrane fragments and had a halo
      like periphery composed of proliferated membranes. Cell debris, membrane
      fragments, and small CMAs were observed in the sinusoids. Membrane fragments were
      also observed in the bile canaliculi and bile ducts. Intoxicated bile duct cells
      contained more cytoplasmic myelin whorls and altered mitochondria. In contrast to
      the previously reported study of a single dose, these liver alterations showed a
      strong dose dependence, emphasizing the importance of time and method of
      administration. The cytoplasmic vacuoles, which were not pronounced in the
      previous study, are here a prominent alteration, probably originating from
      outpouchings of canaliculi and sinusoidal membranes. A hypothesis for the
      mechanism of hepatocyte detoxification based on the proliferated SER and ejection
      of membrane fragments is proposed.

PMID- 6426091
TI  - Evaluation of concentration-response relationships for histamine and sulfuric
      acid aerosols in unanesthetized guinea pigs for their effects on ventilatory
      response to CO2.
AB  - Through the addition of aerosols to 10% CO2 mixtures, acute respiratory responses
      can be detected in unanesthetized guinea pigs. This conclusion was supported by
      results from a previous study conducted in our laboratory in which animals were
      exposed to nebulized histamine or sulfuric acid while placed in a whole-body
      plethysmograph. In that study, only one concentration of each agent was examined.
      The present data were collected over a wider range of histamine and sulfuric acid
      exposure concentrations and the results served to reinforce the previous
      conclusion regarding the ease in detecting acute responses with this approach.
      Again, inspiratory volume (VI) and pressure changes (delta P), proportional to
      inspired volume, were measured continously and significant decreases in these
      parameters occurred during aerosol challenges. In addition, respiratory frequency
      (f) was evaluated during all exposures but few changes in frequency were observed
      other than the increases induced by 10% CO2 alone. Measurements of VI and delta P
      indicated similar levels of response to the tested aerosols, except during
      intense bronchoconstriction evoked by higher concentrations of histamine. In such
      constricted states, VI was a more sensitive indicator. Concentration-response
      relationships for histamine and sulfuric acid using VI measurements were
      comparable to those of other investigators who measured airflow resistance.
      Therefore, the new method offers many advantages over previous methods through
      its noninvasive and simple features yet there is comparable sensitivity to detect
      acute responses, as demonstrated by this study.

PMID- 6426092
TI  - Instability and variable toxicity of HBP-Tx, a toxin in the cyanobacterium
      Microcystis aeruginosa.
AB  - It was found that autoxidative degradation is responsible for the inactivation of
      the unstable Microcystis toxin HBP-Tx. The purified toxin was similar in its
      properties to the "fast-death-factor" in Microcystis, described as a cyclic
      peptide in the literature. The apparent presence of an entirely different toxin
      was simulated by the partially inactivated HBP-Tx. A number of associated
      fluorescent compounds were identified as the non-toxic degradation products of
      the toxin. As a consequence, as established method for the detection of other
      algal toxins was applied. This chemical assay, which uses fluorescent measurement
      of the oxidized toxin in the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, was
      applicable for HBP-Tx after the removal of interfering degradation products of
      the toxin. The results obtained with Microcystis toxin HBP-Tx do not confirm
      suggestions concerning the structure of the "fast-death-factor".

PMID- 6426093
TI  - Isolation of a myotoxin from Bothrops asper venom: partial characterization and
      action on skeletal muscle.
AB  - A myotoxic phospholipase has been isolated from Bothrops asper venom by ion
      exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G
      75. The toxin is a basic polypeptide with an estimated molecular weight of
      10,700. It has both phospholipase A and indirect hemolytic activities, but is
      devoid of proteolytic, direct hemolytic and hemorrhagic effects. When injected
      i.m. into mice the toxin induces a rapid increase in plasma creatine kinase
      levels and a series of degenerative events in skeletal muscle which lead to
      myonecrosis. The toxin induces an increase in intracellular calcium levels and is
      able to hydrolyze muscle phospholipids in vivo. Pretreatment with the calcium
      antagonist verapamil failed to prevent the myotoxic activity. It is proposed that
      B. asper myotoxin causes cell injury by disrupting the integrity of skeletal
      muscle plasma membrane and that myotoxicity is at least partially due to the
      phospholipase A activity of the toxin.

PMID- 6426094
TI  - Characterization of hemorrhagic principles from Trimeresurus gramineus snake
      venom.
AB  - In addition to alpha-fibrinogenase (hemorrhagin I, HR1), a potent hemorrhagic
      principle (hemorrhagin II, HR2) was purified from Trimeresurus gramineus venom.
      It was homogeneous as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HR2 was a
      single peptide chain containing 10% carbohydrate with a molecular weight of
      81,500. It possessed 669 amino acid residues per molecule, while HR1 contained
      only 203 amino acid residues per molecule with a molecular weight of 23,500. Both
      hemorrhagins possessed proteolytic activities toward fibrinogen, casein and
      azocoll. However, the proteolytic activities of HR1 were much more potent than
      those of HR2. They were devoid of TAME-esterase and phospholipase A2 activities
      which were found in crude venom. beta-Mercaptoethanol and antivenin completely
      inhibited the hemorrhagic activities of HR1 and HR2, while epsilon-aminocaproic
      acid, trasylol, p-bromophenacyl bromide, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and
      soybean trypsin inhibitor did not. EDTA completely inhibited the hemorrhagic,
      fibrinogenolytic and caseinolytic activities of HR1. EDTA also completely
      inhibited the caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities of HR2, but only
      partially inhibited its hemorrhagic activity. Subsequent addition of Zn2+ (5 mM)
      reversed the EDTA-induced inhibitory effect on the hemorrhagic activity of HR1.
      However, ZN2+ did not reverse the EDTA-induced inhibitory effect on the HR2
      induced hemorrhagic activity. These hemorrhagins were found to be ZN2+-containing
      metalloproteinases. Therefore, the hemorrhagic activity of HR1 seems to be
      related to its proteolytic activity while that of HR2 seems to be unrelated to
      its proteolytic activity.

PMID- 6426095
TI  - Classification of Agkistrodon species in China.
AB  - The wide geographical distribution of Agkistrodon and the slight morphological
      differences among the snakes of the genus Agkistrodon in China have posed a
      problem to taxonomists. We have employed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      immunological diffusion techniques for comparison of the venoms of different
      species and subspecies of Agkistrodon from various localities. The
      electrophoretic patterns of the proteins of the venoms were different from each
      other, but showed certain relations within species and subspecies. We used
      Ouchterlony double diffusion of a rabbit antiserum against the purified
      "neurotoxin" from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudaus (from the
      Zhejiang Province of China) on the various venoms of Agkistrodon. Precipitin
      lines formed with immunological identity between the same species, partial
      identity between closely related species and no precipitin line between different
      species. Combining experimental data, morphological characteristics and
      geographical distribution, we propose that the genus Agkistrodon (sensu stricto)
      in China consists of seven species and subspecies: (1) Agkistrodon blomhoffii
      brevicaudus Stejneger, (2) A. b ussuriensis Emelianov, (3) A. intermedius
      (Strauch), (4) A. saxatilis Emelianov, (5) A. shedaoensis Zhao, (6) A. strauchii
      Bedriaga, (7) A. monticola Werner. Agkistrodon acutus (Guenther) has recently
      been changed to a new genus, Deinagkitrodon, established by Gloyd in 1978.

PMID- 6426096
TI  - Oxidative activation and inactivation of the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene by
      various purified cytochromes P-450 from 3-methylcholanthrene pretreated rats.
AB  - Ring- and N-hydroxylations of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) have been examined in a
      reconstituted system with 4 purified hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450
      isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-pretreated rats. Among these 4 isozymes,
      P-450D showed the most activity whereas P-450C was devoid of any activity; two
      other P-450s exhibited moderate activity. These and Ouchterlony's double
      diffusion analyses suggest involvement of multiple cytochromes P-450 in AAF
      oxidations.

PMID- 6426098
TI  - Activation of monocrotaline, fulvine and their derivatives to toxic pyrroles by
      some thiols.
AB  - Arylthiols - in contrast to n-alkylthiols, cysteine and reduced glutathione-
      dehydrogenated monocrotaline, fulvine, their N-oxides and retronecine to
      activated pyrrole derivatives. All thiols used failed to dehydrogenate N-methyl
      derivatives of monocrotaline and fulvine.

PMID- 6426097
TI  - Effects of estrogen and prolactin on thymidine kinase isozyme activities in DMBA
      induced rat mammary tumor.
AB  - Effects of prolactin or estrogen on the activity of the pyrimidine salvage
      pathway enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)
      induced mammary tumors were investigated in ovariectomized rats. Prolactin
      induced by perphenazine administration significantly enhanced the activities of
      total TK or its isozyme in the tumors. This specific TK isozyme separated by DEAE
      cellulose column chromatography was suggested to be involved in DNA synthesis
      because it was not affected by dCTP. Its Mr was estimated to be approx. 100 000
      by high-performance liquid chromatography. In contrast, estrogen alone did not
      raise the activity of the specific TK isozyme in the tumors.

PMID- 6426099
TI  - [Radiomenolysis of the endometrium using high-dose iridium irradiation--clinical
      and cytologic results].
AB  - 423 patients with benign recurrent uterine bleeding resistant to other therapy
      were treated by intracavitary radiotherapy. In all cases there was a
      contraindication for the operative removal of the uterus. Since 1980
      radiomenolysis was performed by high-dose Iridium-192 irradiation (afterloading
      technique). In 94.3% of our cases with Radium-226 irradiation the bleeding could
      be treated successfully. Side effects of the irradiation occurred only in a
      minimal and neglectible percentage. In all cases irradiated with Iridium-192 the
      bleeding stopped after treatment. Side effects could not be observed. Therefore
      the intrauterine contact-irradiation therapy with high-dose Iridium-192 should be
      remembered in cases of uterine bleeding resistant to hormonal therapy or in cases
      of high risk for operation. With the afterloading device the molestation for the
      patients could be reduced to a minimum. By intrauterine exfoliative smear
      performed before and after irradiation the cytomorphologic effect of an Iridium
      192 afterloading irradiation was demonstrated. The examinations showed that the
      cytologic findings were characteristic for the effect if ionizing radiation of
      the histologically unchanged, not radiosensitive, normal cylindrical epithelium.
      A marked cellular diathesis and augmentation of size of nuclei and plasma is a
      characteristic result of the irradiation with Iridium-192.

PMID- 6426100
TI  - When time is money: a study in cost effectiveness.

PMID- 6426101
TI  - Prospective payment laws: implications.

PMID- 6426102
TI  - DRG's. Who, what, how, where?

PMID- 6426103
TI  - CO2 lasers: everything you wanted to know about lasers--and more!

PMID- 6426104
TI  - Metastatic patterns and properties of tumor cells.

PMID- 6426105
TI  - The role of anti-tumor antibody in progressive tumor growth.

PMID- 6426106
TI  - [Isolation and several properties of neurospecific antigen D].
AB  - Neurospecific protein, antigen D, homogeneous under disk electrophoresis in
      polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) is isolated from the bull brain tissue. Its molecular
      mass determined by the method of electrophoresis in PAAG with DS-Na is 53 kDa. A
      pure antigen D preparation possesses enolase activity and its electrophoretic
      characteristic corresponds to that of this enzyme gamma gamma-type isoform.
      Electrophoretic, immunologic and enzymatic properties of antigen D and protein 14
      3-2 made it possible to make a conclusion on their identity.

PMID- 6426107
TI  - [Structural features of immunoglobulin G from leukemic cattle].
AB  - Structural peculiarities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cattle with leukemia were
      studied using the method of dansyl-finger prints and proteolytic fragmentation
      with pepsin. It is stated that the protein from the blood of leukemic animals
      differs from the similar IgG subfraction of healthy animals in the amount of
      peptides: their number is 39 in sick animals, 41--in healthy ones. The studied
      protein is splitted into three fragments under the effect of pepsin. The
      molecular mass of F(ab1)2- and Fc1-fragments isolated from the hydrolyzate is 94
      and 51 kDa, respectively. Fab-, Fc- and F(ab')2-, Fc'-fragments manifest a
      complete antigenic identity. The antibody activity is inherent only in the
      F(ab')2-fragment; it reacts positively in the precipitation test together with
      monospecific antiserum against IgG, typical of the malignant growth. This
      confirms a supposition that structural peculiarities of the protein typical of
      the malignant growth and isolated from the blood of cattle with leukemia depend
      on changes in the protein Fab-fragment.

PMID- 6426108
TI  - [Immunoelectrophoretic analysis and its modifications].
AB  - The review deals with a classification and modern modifications of
      immunoelectrophoresis: crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis with lectins and
      hydrophobic interaction, crossed charge-shift immunoelectrophoresis, metal
      chelate affinity immunoelectrophoresis, etc. The modifications considerably
      extend potentialities of traditional (classical) versions of the method.

PMID- 6426109
TI  - [Respiratory insufficiency in a patient with hypophosphatemia].

PMID- 6426110
TI  - [The Danish long-term medical departments. Resources, production and referral--a
      questionnaire study].

PMID- 6426111
TI  - [Phototoxic excema during treatment with tetracycline].

PMID- 6426112
TI  - Effect of the uroprotector sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (Mesna) on the
      proliferation of the bladder urothelium in the rat after administration of
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The chemotherapy of malignant tumors with oxazaphosphorine cytostatics, e.g.,
      cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide, is limited by their severe urotoxic side
      effects. As a result of cytotoxic damage, the proliferation of the urinary
      bladder urothelium is considerably stimulated during an intensive reparative
      regeneration. The recently developed uroprotector sodium 2-mercaptoethane
      sulfonate (Mesna) allows regional detoxification limited to the kidneys and lower
      urinary tract and thus protects against damage by aggressive oxazaphosphorine
      metabolites. The object of the present quantitative autoradiographic
      investigation was to study urothelial proliferation in the bladder of rats after
      administration of CP alone and in combination with Mesna. 20 h after
      intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of CP alone (100 mg/kg), the
      urothelium showed a steep rise of the 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) labeling index which
      reached a peak of 17.6% at 30 h. Thereafter, the 3H-TdR index rapidly dropped. A
      second peak of 4.4% was observed after 7 days. With supplementary intravenous
      administration of a single dose of Mesna (100 mg/kg) 15 min before treatment with
      CP, the labeling index was substantially lower than after administration of CP
      alone. Thus, maximal values of only 1.6 and 1.9% were observed at 35 h and 7
      days, respectively. Histopathological examination of the bladders showed severe
      necrotizing and ulcerative cystitis, 10, 20 and 25 h after administration of CP
      alone whereas with additional treatment with Mesna only slight edema of the
      lamina propria developed. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the protective
      action of Mesna on the urothelium of the lower urinary tract against the urotoxic
      effects of CP.

PMID- 6426113
TI  - [Prevention of urinary calculi with thiazides and allopurinol. A long-term
      study].
AB  - In 30 cases of recurring urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate calculi,
      renal or absorptive hypercalciuria or hyperuricemia, long term controls of serum
      and urine electrolytes were made under hydrochlorothiazide and allopurinol
      therapy. By differentiating the type of hypercalciuria it could be determined, if
      thiazide-therapy is indicated in renal hypercalciuria only or in the absorptive
      cases as well. Statistic comparison of the patients with - and without increased
      urinary sodium excretion solved the question whether high sodium excretion
      diminishes or abolishes the hypocalciuric thiazide effect. The frequency of
      stones before and after treatment supports the efficacy of thiazide prophylaxis.

PMID- 6426114
TI  - Lasers in urology. II. Laser therapy.
AB  - To date four laser wavelengths are commercially available which have urologic
      applications. The experience with all of these lasers is reviewed. The major
      urologic lesions treatable by the laser are: condylomata acuminata, superficial
      penile carcinoma, and bladder carcinoma. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is most
      applicable for external genital lesions while the Nd:YAG laser is better suited
      for the endoscopic treatment of bladder tumors. Due to its preferential
      absorption by hemoglobin, the argon laser is useful in treating vascular lesions.
      The tunable dye laser with hematoporphyrin-derivative therapy has exciting
      potential, but is too new to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 6426115
TI  - [Variant of the technic for exclusion of the duodenum in the presence of
      diverticuli or other duodenal diseases].

PMID- 6426116
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of disinfection of the umbilicus using
      several antiseptics].

PMID- 6426117
TI  - [Role of immunotherapy in the treatment of suppurative mediastinitis].
AB  - In the treatment of 34 patients with suppurative mediastinitis a specific immune
      therapy was used in addition to surgical methods. Direct specific immune therapy
      as an element of the complex treatment of suppurative mediastinitis resulted in a
      more favourable development of the process and reduced lethality.

PMID- 6426118
TI  - [Use of CO2 laser for the prevention of postoperative wound suppuration].
AB  - The experiments with laboratory animals have convincingly shown that CO2-laser
      can be successfully used for prophylactics of suppurations of postoperative
      wounds in clinics.

PMID- 6426119
TI  - [The follicular system of bovine ovaries after estrus synchronization using the
      luteolytic action of cloprostenol].
AB  - Oestrus synchronization was studied in samples from six cows of the Black-Pied
      Lowland breed. Three cows four to five days from oestrus were used as the
      control; three animals with marked periodic corpora lutea were given an i. m.
      injection of 0.5 mg cloprostenol. The eighth day from the administration of the
      preparation, the ovaries of the cows were excised and, after histological
      processing in a simultaneous series in a 4mm interval, the preparations were
      subjected to qualitative and quantitative microscopic evaluation. The structure
      of non-atretic and atretic follicles was described in different stages of the
      atretic process. The lymphoid cells of atretic follicles were observed to
      penetrate into the granulosa membrane. A multiplication of non-atretic tertiary
      follicles was observed after the administration of cloprostenol. This
      multiplication was more pronounced on the right ovary where the preceding
      ovulation had taken place (P less than 0.01). The treated animals, compared with
      the controls, showed a significant multiplication of tertiary follicles at early
      atresia and at total collapse atresia (P less than 0.001), whereas the number of
      follicles with contractive atresia showed a significant decrease (P less than
      0.001). The results suggest that cloprostenol can influence follicle population
      mostly through the stimulation of the growth and ripening of tertiary follicles;
      its modulation effect seems manifest itself in cooperating relation with
      gonadotrophic hormones, mainly with the follicular secondary hormone (FSH), in
      the theory of the complex effect of proteohormones .

PMID- 6426120
TI  - [The effect of adjuvant substances on the antigenic activity of cellular
      antirabies vaccine in experiments on cattle].
AB  - Trials were conducted with young cattle to study the effect of adjuvants, applied
      subcutaneously and intramuscularly, upon the antigenic activity of live and
      inactivated cell rabies vaccine prepared from the Vnukovo -32 strain at the level
      of the 107th series cell passage. Cerebral vaccine of Fermi type was also used in
      the trials for comparison. The antibodies were parallelly titrated by four
      methods, three of which were conducted in vitro. The levels of antirabies
      antibodies indicate a possibility of fortifying the antigenic activities of
      inactivated vaccine by means of the Bioveta Nitra oil adjuvant and the activities
      of the live vaccine by means of adjuvant prepared after Buchnev . The antigenic
      activity of the Czechoslovak-produced cerebral rabies vaccine for veterinary use
      is extraordinarily low.

PMID- 6426121
TI  - [Microscopic structure of the uterine mucosa in cows during the estrus cycle].
AB  - The endometrium of a cow shows little variation during the sexual cycle.
      Proliferation starts by increasing the relative volume of the connective-tissue
      layer of mucous membrane at the onset of pro-oestrus and culminates during
      oestrus. The volume of luminal epithelium increases more slowly from the lowest
      values in di-oestrus, the maximum level being obtained in met-oestrus. The volume
      of glandular epithelium is greatest in met-oestrus and at the start of di
      oestrus; during pro-oestrus it is low but increases rapidly afterwards. The
      nuclei of luminal and gland cells are located basally and are shifted towards the
      centre of cells in the period of secretory activity. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio
      of epithelium cells is at its maximum during pro-oestrus and decreases in the
      subsequent stages. The intensity of PAS reaction also increases at the onset of
      pro-oestrus, the maximum being obtained in met-oestrus, to persist also in di
      oestrus in some cells. Lipid droplets occur, on a larger scale, in gland cells,
      and the frequency of their occurrence increases in met-oestrus and di-oestrus.

PMID- 6426122
TI  - [Ectoparasites on birds (Passeriformes, Charadriiformes) migrating through the
      Moravian gateway].
AB  - The birds migrating through the entrance to the Moravian Gate were subjected to a
      three-year ectoparasitological study. The studied 24 bird species had three
      species of louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae ), 31 species of biting lice
      (Mallophaga), two species of fleas ( Aphaniptera ) and one species of ticks
      (Acarina, Ixodidae). In Czechoslovakia the biting lice Quadraceps connexus were
      detected for the first time to be present on phalarope ( Phalaropus lobatus ) and
      Menacanthus sp. were found for the first time as parasites of reed warbler (
      Acrocephalus arundinaceus ). The study also included the determination of the
      population density of parasites in the attacked birds and the frequency of the
      occurrence of ectoparasites in 150 specimens of the five most widespread species
      of reed birds. Louse flies occurring almost in a third of the birds (32%
      frequency) can be considered as the most important group of summer ectoparasites
      of the birds living at localities overgrown with reeds . Biting lice occurred at
      a 6% frequency, and fleas and ticks were even less abundant.

PMID- 6426123
TI  - [Possibilities and risks of determining susceptibility to malignant
      hyperthermia].

PMID- 6426124
TI  - [Frequency of excretion of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) in the
      milk during subclinical forms of mammary gland diseases in cows].
AB  - The milk excretion of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) from the
      udder quarters was examined in thirty cows of a heavily infected herd. Six
      samplings were performed in ten- to fourteen-day intervals. With respect to
      excretion rate, the set of cows could be divided into three groups: 1. group of
      cows excreting S. agalactiae from all udder quarters permanently and absolutely
      regularly; 2. cows excreting S. agalactiae regularly only from some quarters,
      certain quarter being negative at all samplings; 3. cows excreting streptococci
      from all quarters absolutely irregularly, without any conclusive order or
      dependence. The cytological picture of all samples exhibited no signs of
      inflammation. The discussion deals with some factors that may influence the
      excretion of streptococci with milk.

PMID- 6426125
TI  - [Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from an aborted bovine fetus].
AB  - One strain of Chl. psittaci was isolated from two aborted foetuses of two cows
      coming from the same locality. Tissue from the lungs of the aborted foetuses was
      used for the isolation tests; after sample preparation this tissue was inoculated
      into the yolk sacs of chick embryos. It was found on the basis of serological
      examination (RVK) that both aborting cows had positive levels of antibodies
      against the Chl. psittaci antigen at a serum dilution ratio of 1 : 64. The
      serological examination for brucellosis (BAB) and coxiellosis was negative. The
      bacteriological examination (aerobic and anaerobic cultivation, salmonellae,
      mycoplasms and moulds) also gave negative results.

PMID- 6426126
TI  - [Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins and its interdependence].
AB  - Three main factors underlying the immunity state of newborn calves are evaluated.
      During the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins the immunoprotein profile of a
      newborn calf is influenced by the following factors (arranged according to
      importance): volume of the first colostrum taken in, time of the first drinking,
      and immunoglobulin concentration (IgG and IgM) in colostrum. When given 1.1 or
      2.0 litres of colostrum of about the same quality (as to immunity), the calves of
      the compared groups had significantly different levels of total serum Ig measured
      24 hours after birth: 10.7 and 18.6 U ZST (P less than 0.05) and 48 hours after
      birth: 11.7 and 19.7 U ZST (P less than 0.01). A significant difference in total
      serum proteins was observed only in the 48th hour post partum (54.4 and 63.6 g
      per litre; P less than 0.05). At the intake of 1.5 litres of colostrum within two
      and five hours after birth, with the same total intake of the sum of IgG and IgM
      in the groups, the calves exhibited, in the 24th hour, total serum Ig levels of
      14.4 and 12.4 U ZST (P greater than 0.05) respectively, and 56.0 and 47.9 g per
      litre (P greater than 0.05) of total serum protein, respectively. With a
      different concentration of colostral IgG (122.0 or 77.0 g per litre) the
      statistically significant Ig absorption into blood was adequately different (17.2
      and 10.0 U ZST, respectively, P less than 0.05). The differences in the
      concentration of total serum Ig and total proteins between the 24th and 48th hour
      after birth were only very small and statistically insignificant. Regression
      analysis proved a significant relation (P less than 0.01) between the level of
      total serum Ig 24 and 48 hours after birth and the total amount of IgG and IgM
      taken in with the first colostrum. The calves coming from primiparae had a lower
      immunity (P less than 0.01) in comparison with the calves of multiparae. A
      similar relation in the absorption of colostral Ig was observed when the
      spontaneously born calves were compared with those born by the Caesarean section
      (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 6426127
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of feed mixtures for the early weaning of piglets
      with the addition of fats or growth stimulators].
AB  - In three experiments, 101 early-weaned piglets were given for 21 days feed
      mixtures containing 200 to 284 g crude protein per kg, the ratio of digestible
      energy to protein being 56 to 83. The effect of an up to 4% supplement of lard or
      cyadox as growth stimulant was studied as exerted on protein economy. In
      comparison with the system in which the animals were given the COS 1 high-protein
      complete mixture in the first week followed by the administration of COS 2,
      enrichment of the COS 2 mixture with cyadox increased the intake of feed and the
      growth of the piglets; on the other hand, it reduced the consumption of feed and
      crude protein per kg of gain, particularly in the first week (by 19, 33, 10 and
      33%, respectively). The content of 25 g of lard in kg of the COS 2 mixture
      increased the efficiency of its administration to a higher degree than the
      addition of 50 mg of cyadox, mainly in the first post-weaning week. The increase
      in the energy value of feed through fortification with lard had a more pronounced
      influence on the effectiveness of the mixture with cyadox supplement as compared
      with the increase in the energy value of the feed mixture resulting from the
      addition of maize. It was only in individual cases that lard administration
      increased the concentration of cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids in
      blood plasma, or such an increase was only insignificant. The use of a feed
      mixture containing 200 to 214 g crude protein per kg and a lard or growth
      stimulant supplement can increase the efficiency of the nutrition of piglets
      weaned at the age of four weeks; in this way it is possible, with economic
      advantage, to replace the COS 1 mixture inducing undesired hyper-uremia. Cyadox
      in mixture A 1, administered in the fourth and fifth week after the weaning of
      the piglets, increased weight gains by 14% and reduced feed consumption by 10%
      without reducing growth rate.

PMID- 6426128
TI  - [An analysis of reproducibility in the determination of the activity of selected
      enzymes in the blood serum of horses].
AB  - Single biochemical analyses can be used for the diagnosis of animal diseases only
      with the knowledge of the effects that may distort the single result. The study
      of the repeatability of analyses is described in the four basic enzymes (AST,
      ALP, GMT, LD), which are most frequently used for diagnosis. The experiment was
      conducted in a group of ten Kladrub mares. Six blood samples were taken from each
      of the mares within ten days. The measured values were subjected to statistical
      processing and repeatability coefficients (r op) were calculated. All the r op
      values were high (ALP--0.96, LD--0.93, GMT--0.90, AST--0.60). The obtained
      repeatability coefficients are discussed for each enzyme, including their sources
      and diagnostic function.

PMID- 6426129
TI  - [Atresia of the follicle during ovarian growth in domestic poultry].
AB  - Follicle atresia in the ovary of fowl is apparent as early as the first day of
      post-incubation development, and affects the primary oocytes. During follicle
      growth and ripening its intensity increases in such a way that in the laying
      period up to 20% of follicles are affected. In the course of atresia of primary
      follicles cells undergo lysis after primary necrotic changes and the surrounding
      connective tissue overgrows them so that they are obliterated. The growing
      smaller follicles are mainly affected by obliterative atresia, only sometimes a
      cyst is temporarily formed. The larger and large follicles are subjected either
      to obliterative or cystic atresia, either without luteinisation or with
      luteinisation of cells of membrana granulosa, theca interna or with luteinisation
      of both membranes. With the follicles up to 500 to 600 microns prevail
      obliterative forms, with larger follicles cystic forms.

PMID- 6426130
TI  - [An attempt to induce mastitis in cows using Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in
      the cow barn].
AB  - The importance was studied of cowshed strains of K. pneumoniae as causative
      agents of bovine mastitis. An experiment was conducted with a healthy lactating
      dairy cow at the age of five years. The microbial inoculum was introduced by a
      teat tubule, at a dose of 2 ml broth culture 24 hours old. At first, Bac.
      subtilis was instilled in one udder quarter, to find out the local reaction to
      nutrient medium, and/or to an uninjurious saprophyte . After five days, a trial
      was performed on the other udder quarters using three strains of K. pneumoniae,
      isolated from the rectal contents and the skin of healthy cattle. Finally
      reinfection followed to study potential allergization of mammary gland. The
      conclusions as follows may be drawn from the results: 1) Bac. subtilis did not
      cause any alteration of the main clinic signs, but the inoculated quarter became
      swollen and its watery secretion contained pus corpuscles. No elimination of
      bacilli was observed and the morbid condition recovered in five to seven days. 2)
      After instillation of K. pneumoniae cultures bodily temperature rose by 1.9
      degrees C in the course of six hours, all three udder quarters became swollen,
      showed symptoms of hyperthermia and pain , their secretion also exhibited
      pathological changes. The NK test revealed highly increased gelling of secretion
      and pH shift to alkalinity, the number of somatic cells increased 12 to 17 times.
      The main clinic signs, as well as appearance and consistence of the udder became
      normal in three days, but the other parameters like NK test and the number of
      somatic cells in milk normalized in about ten days. 3) Klebsiellae were
      eliminated from the quarters for one to eleven days, the elimination lasted
      longer and the counts were significantly higher in capsular strains.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426131
TI  - [Variability in the localization of cryptosporidia in the intestines of
      spontaneously infected calves].
AB  - 31 to 37 localities were examined in the small and large intestines of 48 calves
      spontaneously infected with cryptosporidiosis. It was found that cryptosporidia
      occurred the most frequently in the distal part of small intestine, within the
      range of six metres of small intestine, in front of the ostium ileocecale (OIC);
      at the ileocecal valve the incidence of cryptosporidia dropped rapidly. In none
      case were the protozoans revealed in duodenum and in the adjacent four to six
      metres of proximal jejunum. The small intestine was invaded by cryptosporidia in
      a variable manner, in some cases a major part was continuously invaded, in other
      cases only one or two metres of distal jejunum without any changes in the ileum
      and vice versa. Approximately half the calves had cryptosporidia in the cecum,
      fewer cryptosporidia were found in the transverse colon. Cryptosporidia in the
      rectum were found in about 25% of cases. Some calves had cryptosporidia only in
      the large intestine. The intensity of the mucous membrane invasion varied: mass
      incidence of cryptosporidia was found only in caudal parts of small intestine,
      with high variability of the extent and with sudden cases of negative findings.
      In the large intestine only the cecum was invaded more intensively and in a
      diffusive manner, in the transverse colon and in the rectum the groups of
      parasites were usually found at the openings and in the wall of Lieberk  uhn 's
      crypts.

PMID- 6426132
TI  - [Relation between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the seminal fluid
      and indicators of boar ejaculate quality].
AB  - In a set of 154, and/or 260 ejaculates, collected from 72 boars, a relationship
      was studied between the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in seminal
      plasma and sperm concentration, and/or percent occurrence of morphologically
      abnormal spermatozoa. We failed to demonstrate any relation between the AST
      activity and sperm concentration (r = 0.023; P greater than 0.05). However, a
      statistically significant relation (P less than or equal to 0.05) was
      demonstrated between the AST activity and percent occurrence of morphologically
      abnormal spermatozoa (r = 0.343). Applying the above results and in agreement
      with literary data, determination of AST activity in the seminal plasma of boars
      can be considered as an important indicator of the cellular damage of sperms.

PMID- 6426133
TI  - [Postnatal development of the spine in sheep and goats].
AB  - From the first day to the age of eight years and a half, post-natal development
      of spinal column was studied in 84 sheep of the Merino breed and 40 crossbred
      goats. At birth time the axial skeleton was observed to have a high degree of
      development. Coalescence of the components of spinal column segments starts soon
      after birth and generally terminates by the third year of life. In animals above
      three years of age ossification or calcification centres occur in the
      cartilaginous margin of the spinal process of the second cervical vertebra and in
      lig. supraspinale . The heads of all ribs and processes ( extremitates ) of the
      last caudal vertebrae also ossify after birth. The time of the coalescence of the
      components of vertebrae is about the same in sheep and goats; in some sections it
      may be even earlier or later in the goat than in sheep. No sexual dimorphism was
      observed in the coalescence of the components of vertebrae in small ruminants.

PMID- 6426134
TI  - [Brucellosis in rabbits induced by an experimental infection with Brucella suis
      germs].
AB  - Hares were experimentally infected with Brucella suis germs, biotype 2, to study
      the development of morphological changes in the organs. It was demonstrated that
      conjunctival and intranasal infection caused morphological brucellosis changes in
      liver. After conjunctival infection affections were observed in 16 days, and in
      27 days after intranasal infection. The morphology of changes did not differ from
      those occurring in spontaneous brucellosis. The results of morphological
      examination corresponded to the serological results. It was proved by the results
      of the experiment that the course of brucellosis could be chronic and that in the
      process of the natural infection of hares with Brucella suis germs the
      conjunctival and intranasal modes of infection played an important role. Hares
      were highly sensitive and responsive to the conditions of the environment where
      experimental infection was performed. In laboratory conditions the health
      condition and functions of the organs of hares were impaired by a complex of
      negative, mainly psychogenic stress factors, which resulted in the death of hares
      and the experiment had to be finished prematurely on the 41st day after
      infection.

PMID- 6426135
TI  - [Initial experience with the intravenous administration of colloidal carbon to
      cattle in relation to the incidence of mastitis].
AB  - The influence was studied of intravenous application of colloid carbon to ten
      dairy cows of Bohemian Spotted breed in the seventh to eighth months of
      gravidity, as exerted on the health condition of mammary glands and on milk yield
      in the subsequent lactation. The cure consisted of three i. v. installations in
      72-hour intervals; one dose contained 150 mg carbon in 20 ml of 20% glucose. No
      adverse by-effects were observed in the course of application and after it.
      During the subsequent lactation period (nine months) the test cows exhibited a
      better health condition of mammary glands if compared with the control group (ten
      dairy cows). In the test group no case was recorded of the clinical form of
      mastitis while in the control group one case of acute mastitis and two cases of
      chronic mastitis occurred. S. agalactiae was not isolated at all in the test
      group while in the control group it was isolated in two cows. S. aureus was also
      isolated more times (in 32 cases) in the control cows than in the test ones (in
      27 cases). A higher average counts of cells in udder-quarter milk samples were
      found in the test group only at the onset of lactation (from the third month
      after calving), the average counts of cells over the whole period under study
      were however lower in the test group (1 380 000 per ml) than in the control group
      (1 234 000 per ml). The average daily milk yield per cow in the test group
      exceeded the average milk production in the control group in the period of study.
      An increase by 1.630 1 as compared with the untreated cow was observed in the
      average milk yield. It has been demonstrated by the results that by the
      intravenous instillation of colloid carbon nonspecific natural defensive
      mechanisms of dairy cows, mainly leucocytes, are stimulated, which enhanced the
      cell readiness to react to infectious process (mastitis) and overall injury of
      the organism (sepsis).

PMID- 6426136
TI  - [Major physiopathological syndromes in acute poisoning].

PMID- 6426137
TI  - [Activities of auxiliary health personnel in a rural health unit, aimed at the
      prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases].

PMID- 6426138
TI  - [Steam sterilization in autoclaves with vertical double walls].

PMID- 6426139
TI  - [Measures and responsibilities of auxiliary health personnel in the prevention
      and control of infections in medical units].

PMID- 6426140
TI  - [Treatment of upper digestive tract hemorrhage caused by stress ulcer].

PMID- 6426141
TI  - [Secondary objectives in intensive care of neurosurgical patients].

PMID- 6426142
TI  - [Movement, rhythmical movement, dance and music; ways of influencing psychomotor
      development in children].

PMID- 6426143
TI  - [Promotion of documentation of health statistics in the organization and
      management of cancer control].

PMID- 6426144
TI  - [A transfusion of hope and faith, that is expected from us].

PMID- 6426145
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of endogenous estrogen in breast carcinomas:
      biochemical and clinical correlation.
AB  - In a study of 277 patients with breast carcinomas, the PAP immunoperoxidase
      method for demonstrating endogenous estrogen was correlated with the sucrose
      density gradient (SDG) assay and with histologic and clinical features. The
      results from the PAP method and SDG assay agreed in 59 of 84 patients (82.1%) on
      whom both methods were performed. Histologically, the PAP method was positive in
      7 of 7 patients with non-invasive carcinomas, in 164 of 233 patients (70.4%) with
      common invasive ductal carcinoma, and in 21 of 22 of those with special
      histological types of of invasive carcinomas not including Paget's disease,
      medullary or apocrine carcinoma, where only 5 of 14 were positive. Clinically, 15
      of 18 patients with positive endogenous estrogen showed a response to endocrine
      therapy as opposed to 1 of 9 patients with a negative endogenous estrogen. The
      mean survival was 31.2 and 15.6 months, respectively for patients with positive
      and negative endogenous estrogen. Remission for longer than 2 years was seen more
      often in patients with positive endogenous estrogen. These results suggest a
      clinical utility of the present PAP method which, therefore, deserves a further
      trial as an alternative to histochemical methods aiming at the estrogen
      receptors.

PMID- 6426146
TI  - Granulomatous glomerulonephritis in Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Review of the kidneys in 24 autopsy cases of Wegener's granulomatosis revealed a
      significant granulomatous glomerular lesion in eight of the cases. To gain a
      better understanding of this peculiar lesion, focusing on its pathogenesis, we
      attempted a thorough investigation on both glomerular and vascular lesions of the
      kidneys. Semiquantitative analysis of the glomerular lesions indicated that
      existence of a severe glomerular damage probably constitutes a necessary
      condition in the development of granulomatous glomerulonephritis, because the
      granulomatous glomerular lesion was typically seen in company with a widely
      distributed glomerular lesion represented by thrombotic and necrotic occlusion of
      capillary tufts and crescent formation. Necrotizing vasculitis in the kidney was
      always encountered, especially in small branches of renal arteries and vasa
      recta. A serial section study of the two most typical cases indicated that
      granulomatous inflammation apparently originated in hilar arteriolitis , which
      extended along the pericapsular space and developed into diffusely
      circumferential periglomerular inflammation. We conclude that two factors are
      jointly at work, one inside and the other outside of the glomerulus in the
      pathogenesis of granulomatous glomerulonephritis: there is a thrombotic and
      necrotic lesion of the glomerular tuft, on the one hand and pericapsulitis
      originating in hilar arteriolitis on the other.

PMID- 6426147
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of the histogenesis of diffuse and localized
      mesothelioma.
AB  - During an ultrastructural review of 30 diffuse and 10 localized mesotheliomas, it
      was apparent that some micrographs showed various stages in the developmental
      processes involved in the formation of histological patterns in diffuse
      mesotheliomas and a histogenetic link between diffuse and localized
      mesotheliomas. Cells in the stromal or sarcomatous regions of diffuse
      mesothelioma often show varying degrees of mesothelial differentiation and a
      gradual transition to cells with typical mesothelial characteristics that
      organize into structures recapitulating the surface layer of serosal membranes.
      Tumor cells in localized mesotheliomas had many similarities to the "stromal"
      cells in the diffuse counterpart including intercellular junctions, rare
      microvilli and occasional foci of basal lamina. It is postulated that diffuse and
      localized mesotheliomas share a common histogenetic origin as a result of
      neoplastic induction of specialized submesothelial cells. In this concept, tumor
      cells in diffuse mesotheliomas reflect stages in the differentiation and
      organization of normal serosal membranes and localized mesotheliomas mirror the
      earliest phases of this process.

PMID- 6426148
TI  - Immunohistochemical reactivity of a monoclonal antibody prepared against human
      breast carcinoma.
AB  - The reactivity profile of an IgM monoclonal antibody, MBR1 , raised against the
      human breast cancer cell line MCF7 , was studied in a variety of human tumours
      and non-neoplastic tissues by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. The range
      of reactivity included specific types of non-neoplastic epithelial cells and a
      number of epithelial tumours. Most mammary carcinomas reacted with MBR1 , but
      adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas from different sites were also strongly
      positive. Different patterns of immunoreactivity were apparent in microscopically
      normal tissues, in tissues with inflammatory changes and in carcinomas.
      Heterogeneous staining, despite morphological similarities, was documented in
      neoplastic and non-neoplastic epithelial cells. The reactivity of MBR1 was
      different from that reported for other monoclonal antibodies, but revealed
      similarities to that of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera against human
      milk fat globule membrane.

PMID- 6426149
TI  - Postmortem findings of pulmonary lesions of older datum in intravenous drug
      addicts. A forensic-pathologic study.
AB  - At post-mortem examination the lungs of 30 intravenous narcotic addicts were
      compared to two groups of 30 age- and sex-matched controls with no history of
      narcotic abuse. A distinctly uneven distribution of pulmonary pathology among the
      two groups was found, with various non-acute, non-granulomatous lesions
      dominating in the addict group. Microscopically, the typical pattern consisted of
      focally thickened, fibrotic and hypercellular alveolar septa, accumulation of
      haemosiderin-laden macrophages in alveolar walls as well as in the lumina of
      alveoli and respiratory passages, and vascular lesions with full-thickness
      fibrosis of arterial walls. An attempt at quantitative scoring of the changes
      indicated that the extent of pulmonary pathology increases with the addict's age
      or duration of narcotic abuse and with the degree of social deterioration. The
      same changes could also be demonstrated in some control cases with a history of
      salicylate or alcohol abuse, or with known heart/lung disease. The addict group
      also exhibited myocardial alterations in 28 of 30 cases. Typical findings were
      myofibrillar degeneration and fatty infiltration. In 15 of 30 addicts
      morphological and toxicological examination did not yield a definitive cause of
      death. However, the present demonstration of cardiopulmonary pathology suggests
      that narcotic addicts may be prone to acute circulatory and/or respiratory
      derangement even if no overdose of drugs is taken.

PMID- 6426150
TI  - Calcium redistribution, calcification and stone formation in the parotid gland
      during experimental stimulation and hypercalcaemia. Cytochemical and X-ray
      microanalytical investigations.
AB  - Distribution and redistribution of intra- and pericellular calcium was
      investigated in the parotid gland of rats under secretory stimulation and
      hypercalcaemia. The effects of hypercalcaemia and secretory stimulation and of
      the combination of both were compared. Calcium content was determined by atomic
      absorption spectrometry. Calcium distribution within the tissue was demonstrated
      by light microscopical ( GBHA ) staining and electron microscopical
      (pyroantimonate method) cytochemistry in combination with X-ray microanalysis.
      Typical calcium depot sites were the basal and cellular membranes, the calcium
      buffer organelles (i.e. mitochondria) the secretory granules and the acinar
      lumina. After stimulation (by isoprenalin ) a decrease of calcium-enriched
      secretory granules and a depletion of intracellular calcium buffer organelles
      occurred. During hypercalcaemia (induced by dihydrotachysterol), a calcium
      overloading of the cell membrane and intracellular buffer organelles without
      calcification was observed. Combined stimulation and hypercalcaemia induced an
      excessive calcium overloading of all intra- and extracellular calcium depots with
      excessive calcium release into the acinar lumina resulting in calcium phosphate
      aggregates and stone formation. Secretory stimulation and simultaneous
      hypercalcaemia exert potentiating effects on intracellular and intraluminal
      calcification proposing an importance for pathogenesis of human sialolithiasis.

PMID- 6426151
TI  - Abnormal bile duct epithelium accompanying septicaemia.
AB  - A 56-year-old female without previous hepatobiliary disease developed a severe
      obstructive cholestasis following E. coli urinary tract infection with
      septicaemia. Liver biopsy showed cholangitis and a unique abnormality of almost
      all the interlobular bile ducts; the epithelium was irregular with polymorphic,
      angular, and hyperchromatic or pyknotic nuclei. Some ducts were ectatic , others
      narrowed due to protrusion of proliferating epithelium. In some areas the ducts
      were blurred or completely destroyed. Cholangitis or granulomas were, however,
      not present. Abnormal interlobular bile ducts have to our knowledge not
      previously been described in septicaemia. The lesion is morphologically
      distinguishable from other types of abnormal bile ducts. It is considered to be
      caused by endotoxaemia and seems to be reversible. The cholestasis may be due to
      endotoxic alteration of biliary secretion, bacterially induced inspissation of
      bile, and/or mechanical obstruction to the bile duct lesions.

PMID- 6426152
TI  - Hypothalamic polar spongioblastoma associated with the diencephalic syndrome.
      Ultrastructural demonstration of a neuro-endocrine organization.
AB  - A tumor was resected from the third ventricle of a four years and eleven month
      old girl with the diencephalic syndrome. By light microscopy, it was diagnosed as
      a polar spongioblastoma . Its ultrastructural study was undertaken and the
      features were found to be distinctive and previously unreported. The organization
      of the neoplasm was similar to that of the hypothalamic neuro-endocrine systems:
      Cellular perivascular arrangement with intra-cytoplasmic microtubules and
      membrane bound dense-core granules.

PMID- 6426153
TI  - Ellipsoids in the human spleen.
AB  - A study of ellipsoids (EL) in the human spleen was done on 25 surgically resected
      specimens in order to assess the number of EL, their structure, the nature of the
      cuff cells and the problem of lymphocyte traffic through their wall. The results
      show that an average spleen of 200 g contains 1.6 X 10(7) EL. They are localized
      in a constant segment of the vascular tree, just at the transition of the
      penicilliary arterioles into capillaries and they consist of a capillary (not an
      arteriole) surrounded by a cuff of cells. These cells are neither endothelial nor
      smooth muscle cells, display lysosomal activity and are considered as fixed
      specialized pericapillary cells capable of cytoplasmic expansion. Since their
      number is inconstant in different individuals and in different species they are
      considered to be dynamic histological structures. Because of the constant
      presence of lymphocytes in their walls we consider the EL to be a transit system
      for lymphocytes and the splenic equivalent of the high endothelial venules in the
      lymph nodes.

PMID- 6426154
TI  - Mammosomatotroph hyperplasia associated with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia in
      a patient with the McCune-Albright syndrome. A histologic, immunocytologic and
      ultrastructural study of the surgically-removed adenohypophysis.
AB  - An 11-year-old girl, with the McCune-Albright syndrome, exhibited fibrous
      dysplasia of several bones, skin pigmentation, precocious puberty, growth hormone
      hypersecretion, acromegaly and hyper-prolactinemia. Histologic, immunocytologic
      and ultrastructural investigation of the surgically-removed pituitary showed
      massive mammosomatotroph hyperplasia. Since no adenoma was found, the abundance
      of these bihormonal cells, capable of producing both growth hormone and
      prolactin, was implicated in the causation of growth hormone and prolactin
      excess. Somatoliberin overproduction and/or somatostatin and dopamine deficiency
      could not account for the hypophysial abnormality, since changes in secretory
      rates of these hypothalamic hormones would lead to proliferation of mature
      somatotrophs and lactotrophs, rather than mammosomatotrophs. In our patient, a
      congenital hypothalamic malfunction might have been accompanied by hypersecretion
      of an unidentified releasing factor, resulting in pathologic differentiation of
      the pituitary and mammosomatotroph hyperplasia. Alternatively, mammosomatotroph
      hyperplasia may have been due to an inherent genetic or embryonic defect
      affecting primarily the pituitary. According to this interpretation, the
      pituitary lesion represented yet another developmental error in the setting of
      the McCune-Albright syndrome.

PMID- 6426155
TI  - Veno-occlusive disease and peliosis of the liver after thorotrast administration.
AB  - A case of veno-occlusive disease and peliosis of the liver without coexisting
      liver malignancy 35 years after thorotrast administration is presented. In the
      liver four main widely distributed lesions were found: Veno-occlusive disease
      (VOD), peliosis, fibrosis and thorotrast deposits. Whether the VOD and the
      peliotic lesions are pathogenetically related or totally independent cannot be
      determined in the present case. However, the VOD and the peliosis are possibly
      related to the protracted alpha-emitting effect of thorotrast deposited in the
      liver parenchyma.

PMID- 6426156
TI  - Gestalt theory and morbid anatomy.
AB  - Contact with medical students as a university teacher has shown that there are
      different types of aptitude: 5/9 of German medical students possess a visual
      faculty, 3/9 are kinaesthetic and only about 1/9 have the gift of the auditive
      faculty. Apart from this, there is a general quality which may be termed gestalt
      perception or gestalt blindness. The fact that for decades the attempt was made
      to relate qualitative differences in the characteristics of medical observations
      and pathological and anatomical findings to quantitative changes was the reason
      for the development of the concept of Relationspathologie . Intellectual pre
      occupation with the perception of "gestalt qualities" has resulted in pathology
      in general being seen as the expression of the biophysics of open systems and
      making an organismic evaluation of its phenomena. The aim of all natural science
      is the recognition of order. Theoretical biology seeks an order free from
      hypotheses. Theoretical pathology involves the application of gestalt philosophy
      to the detection and evaluation of all potentially dangerous disturbances.
      Theoretical pathology has nothing to do with "natural philosophy", the "natural
      history viewpoint", the " vitalism " of the turn of the century or the "holism"
      of the 1930s . Gestalt qualities can be characterized by means of the " Ehrenfels
      criteria". In most cases this means distinguishing between "space gestalt", "time
      gestalt", "tone gestalt", and "sentence gestalt". As defined by gestalt theory,
      mental and physical processes correspond. Gestalt can always be defined and
      understood in concrete terms. In the gestalt the conceptual contradiction between
      "external" and "internal" is overcome. External phenomena are the manifestations
      of internal nature. In the fields of pathological anatomy, gestalt theory has
      direct methodological relevance with regard to the following: a) the concept of
      homology b) the conceptual idea of what is known as "specific inflammation" c)
      the theory of stages in minor organ diseases d) the characterization of the
      various forms of pathomorphosis e) patho-anatomical diagnostics according to the
      laws of mathematical logic. The relationship between individual sciences and
      philosophy has always been critical. The individual science and philosophy are
      mutually obscured from one another. Research into facts and research into essence
      come together, as in a "gestalt circle", to form a single process of
      understanding. All lawfulness and order originates from a principle of the mind.
      The visible manifestation of this principle is the innermost nature of the
      gestalten .

PMID- 6426157
TI  - Karyometric investigations on urinary bladder carcinoma, correlated to
      histopathological grading.
AB  - The aim of this study is to provide karyometric data which may be of value in the
      grading of urinary bladder tumours. For this purpose 27 biopsies were studied:
      four from normal bladder mucosae, eleven from grade I tumours, six from grade II
      tumours and another six from grade III tumours, according to a I-IV scale. After
      standardized fixation and plastic embedding, semithin sections were used for
      light microscopic stereology. Mean profile areas and mean volume densities of the
      nuclei tended to be higher in the more malignant cases. The nuclear volume
      densities were significantly higher in grade II than in grade I. The most
      important finding relates to the large nuclear profiles (greater than 90 microns
      2), which were found almost exclusively in grade III tumours. Simple measurements
      of nuclear size can thus provide objective data to aid in the diagnostic
      procedure.

PMID- 6426158
TI  - Architectural pattern of gastric adenocarcinoma--a 3-dimensional reconstruction
      study.
AB  - The 3-D microstructure of various adenocarcinomas was studied by graphic
      reconstruction of tubules and lumina from serial sections in four gastrectomy
      specimens in order to contribute to better diagnosis of the lesion by
      establishing the morphology of atypical glands. The cell nests in the moderately
      differentiated type had multiple anastomoses with one another forming a network,
      a pattern different from arborescent normal glands, while the lumina were
      separated into many small vesicles, giving the nests a porous character. Well
      differentiated tumours had more connections between the lumina forming a luminal
      network, whereas in the poorly differentiated lesions the nests also began to
      split into fragments. These findings provided a new viewpoint from which to
      establish an architectural basis for the discrimination of dysplastic from
      overtly malignant lesions.

PMID- 6426159
TI  - Atypical glands in gastric adenoma. Three-dimensional architecture compared with
      carcinomatous and metaplastic glands.
AB  - The pathogenetic relationship of gastric adenoma to carcinoma remains unsettled,
      partly due to the difficulty in discriminating between the atypical tubules of
      adenoma and those of adenocarcinoma. Although it has been said that this
      discrimination should depend not only on cellular changes but also on
      disorganization of glands, the latter has not been described in accurate
      morphological terms. In view of this, gastrectomy specimens from three patients
      with tubular adenoma were submitted to graphic reconstruction of atypical glands
      from serial sections, and were compared with well differentiated adenocarcinoma
      and metaplastic mucosa. Reconstruction disclosed that in adenoma, unlike in
      metaplastic mucosa, atypical tubules had multiple connections with adjacent ones,
      forming a network. At some sites of anastomosis the lumen was also connected.
      Though this pattern was similar to that of well differentiated adenocarcinoma,
      the meshes of the network were much more coarse than in the latter, showing that
      adenoma was a mere miniature of adenocarcinoma. The porous structure, the
      commonest architecture of adenocarcinoma, was never found in adenoma. There were
      in addition giant glands with complicated branching which, together with
      microcysts forming at mucosal bottom, caused convolution and twisting of tubules,
      producing those abnormal patterns in section on which too much stress is placed.

PMID- 6426160
TI  - Repair in arterial tissue. Demonstration of fibrinogen/fibrin in the normal and
      healing rabbit thoracic aorta by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique.
AB  - The results of immunoperoxidase staining for fibrinogen/fibrin in ethanol- and
      formaldehyde-fixed, normal and healing arterial tissue are presented.
      Fibrinogen/fibrin was not observed in the normal aortic wall. The thoracic aorta
      damaged by a balloon catheter contained fibrinogen/fibrin in all layers of the
      wall. In the healing aortic wall there was a strong positive reaction in neo
      intima, whereas the reaction in media was weak or absent. The staining reaction
      for fibrinogen/fibrin in formaldehyde-fixed neo-intima covered with aortic smooth
      muscle cells was strong and almost independent of proteolytic digestion, while
      such treatment increased the staining intensity for fibrinogen/fibrin in neo
      intima covered with endothelium. Our results indicate that an extracellular
      matrix of fibrin and fibronectin may play a role in migration and proliferation
      of aortic smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6426161
TI  - Morphometric analysis of small intestinal mucosa. II. Determination of lamina
      propria volumes; plasma cell and neutrophil populations within control and
      coeliac disease mucosae.
AB  - Morphometric techniques were employed to measure (i) lamina propria volumes and
      (ii) the absolute numbers of neutrophils and plasma cells, of A, M and G isotype,
      within the lamina propria of jejunal mucosa. Mucosal specimens were obtained with
      a Watson capsule (a) from 5 patients with untreated coeliac disease, and again at
      least 3 months after starting on a gluten-free diet, and (b) from 9 control
      individuals. Lamina propria volume of untreated coeliac mucosa (2.5 +/- 0.17 X
      10(6) micron3 ) was increased 2.3-fold (p less than 0.01) above that of control
      mucosae (1.35 +/- 0.08 X 10(6) micron3 ). Compared with control mucosae, there
      was a 20-fold increase of neutrophils in untreated coeliac mucosae (p less than
      0.005). The total complement of all plasma cells in untreated coeliac mucosae
      (309) was twice that (149) of control mucosae. The populations of each isotype
      were also significantly increased over controls by factors of 1.6 (IgA; p less
      than 0.05), 3.0 (IgM; p less than 0.01) and 3.5 (IgG; p less than 0.01). Their
      percentage distributions in untreated coeliac mucosae (A:M:G--52:43:5) differed
      from those in control mucosae (A:M:G--69:28:3) but were restored after treatment
      with a gluten-free diet. However, when each isotype was expressed per unit volume
      of lamina propria, there was an apparent fall (X 1.4) in IgA cells, while the
      increase in IgM and IgG cells was less marked i.e. X 1.4 and X 1.5 respectively.
      These precise measurements explain why many previous investigators found a
      paradoxical fall in IgA cells because the (increased) volume of distribution of
      these cells was not taken into account. The importance of morphometric techniques
      in achieving valid cell 'counts' within the intestinal mucosa is thus illustrated
      by this study.

PMID- 6426162
TI  - Immunohistochemical examination of the paraadenomatous "normal" pituitary. An
      evaluation of prolactin cell hyperplasia.
AB  - Prolactin cell hyperplasia has been described to occur in the paraadenomatous
      normal pituitary gland surrounding prolactinomas. However, compression of the
      glandular lobules and secretory cells alters profoundly the histological
      configuration of this tissue. No changes resembling those that occur during
      pregnancy are found. Immunohistochemical staining and counting of prolactin-(PRL
      )secreting and growth hormone-(GH-)secreting cells in the normal, paraadenomatous
      pituitary gland obtained during extirpation of 24 prolactinomas and 5 adenomas
      causing acromegaly demonstrated that GH-secreting cells predominated in all
      biopsies obtained from acromegalic patients. PRL-secreting cells were more
      frequent than GH-secreting cells in 14 of 24 biopsies of the normal tissue
      surrounding prolactinomas. A particular predominance of PRL-secreting cells was
      found in patients with postoperative residual hyperprolactinemia. Direct
      comparison of adjacent sections demonstrates three cell types: One reacts with
      both antibodies and the other two react only with one or the other. We suggest
      that these groups are not stable but that cells belonging to one group can be
      transformed into cells belonging to the two other groups. Such a process, induced
      by extrahypophyseal factors, may explain the shift of relative cell frequency
      observed in the normal pituitary gland surrounding prolactinomas.

PMID- 6426163
TI  - Primary cardiovascular amyloidosis with benign monoclonal gammopathy.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman is reported whose primary amyloidosis was diagnosed at
      autopsy. Amyloid deposits were found in the myocardium, the striated muscles, the
      smooth muscle layers of the gut and the wall of the blood vessels. The deposits
      showed resistance to induced proteolysis. A large number of mature plasma cells
      was demonstrated in the bone marrow, and immunocytochemical studies revealed a
      considerable increase in the proportion of plasma cells which were positive for
      kappa light chains of immunoglobulins, indicating a monoclonal gammopathy. This
      view was strongly supported by the unexpected finding that amyloid deposits were
      positive for kappa light chains. The relationship between the kappa positive
      reaction of amyloid and its resistance to induced proteolysis are discussed.

PMID- 6426164
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphoma in AIDS.
AB  - A 48-year-old homosexual with contacts in different countries, including Haiti,
      presented with multiple pigmented or bluish nodules on both lower legs and upper
      arms. He had a history of secondary syphilis, hepatitis B and herpes zoster
      ophthalmicus. Biopsies of the skin tumors revealed a typical Kaposi's sarcoma of
      low grade malignancy. The endothelial origin of the tumor was indicated by the
      presence of specific endothelial organelles (Weibel-Palade bodies) in the
      cytoplasma of the tumor cells. Erythrocyte phagocytosis was found in tumor cells
      within and without the vascular channels. Laboratory tests were compatible with
      the clinical diagnosis of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with a
      helper: suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio of 0.28 and a cutaneous anergy. In the
      course of the illness tumors of the stomach and duodenum were detected. Histology
      showed a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma of high grade malignancy. Within weeks
      the patient died in a cachectic state. Autopsy revealed a Kaposi's sarcoma of the
      skin with metastases in the stomach and a wide-spread malignant lymphoma in the
      gastrointestinal tract, in several visceral organs and in many lymph nodes.

PMID- 6426165
TI  - Differential effects of pCO2 and pH on the ERG and light peak of the perfused cat
      eye.
AB  - Hypercapnia has been shown to depress the ERG b-wave and also the light peak in
      vivo. To test if acidosis induced by elevation pCO2 affects the retina
      differently from that induced by HCl we used bicarbonate buffered and HEPES
      buffered perfusates, respectively, in isolated perfused feline eyes. Any decrease
      in pH from 7.4 to 7.1-7.0 depressed the b-wave and enhanced the flow rate of a
      perfusate. The light peak, in contrast, was depressed only be largely elevated
      pCO2. Preretinal measurements of pH in the perfused eye confirmed retinal
      acidosis. All effects were reversible.

PMID- 6426166
TI  - [Economic efficiency in treating tuberculosis patients with concomitant peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 6426167
TI  - [Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of polychlorodibenzofurans and
      polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (a review of the literature)].

PMID- 6426168
TI  - [Early diagnosis of bilateral acoustic neurinomas].

PMID- 6426169
TI  - SOS or DRG? Which one will be the future of nursing?

PMID- 6426170
TI  - Speculations on the impact of prospective pricing and DRGs.

PMID- 6426171
TI  - [Technic of radioactive labeling of autologous human thrombocytes using 111
      indium-oxine and 111-indium-oxine-sulfate and their clinical use].
AB  - Using 111indium oxine and 111indium oxine sulphate as platelet labels, maximal
      labelling efficiency can be achieved already after 3 minutes at an incubation
      temperature of 37 degrees C. Mean labelling efficiency values of about 90% are
      reached at a platelet count of greater than 10(9) platelets/ml, but the labelling
      efficiency is satisfactory also at a rather low platelet count of about 10(6)
      platelets/ml (71% on average). Platelet labelling with these tracers allows the
      calculation of platelet half-life in vivo, and gamma-camera imaging of platelet
      aggregates in thrombosis and renal transplant rejection as well. In the present
      study, the platelet half-life is significantly shortened in patients with
      coronary heart disease (n = 15), peripheral vascular disease (n = 13) and primary
      hyperlipoproteinaemia (n = 32) in comparison with 106 controls. No age dependence
      of platelet half-life was found in the different groups of patients whereas in
      the control group, a significant negative correlation between age and platelet
      half-life was observed.

PMID- 6426172
TI  - [In vitro and in vivo studies using 111 indium oxine, 111 indium oxine sulfate
      and 99m Tc oxine in erythrocyte labeling].
AB  - The optimal conditions for red blood cell labelling using 111indium oxine,
      111indium oxine sulphate and 99mTc oxine were established both in vitro as well
      as in vivo. The coagulant had no effect on labelling efficiency. Other variables
      such as the incubation time, temperature, duration, cell number and concentration
      of the complex exert a significant influence on labelling efficiency. Labelling
      efficiency of red blood cells is very high also under non-optimum conditions as
      compared with other cells (leucocytes, platelets).

PMID- 6426173
TI  - Blood cell labelling techniques: state of the art.
AB  - A critical survey has been given of recent developments in the technique of cell
      labelling. The ideal characteristics of the radionuclide, as well as the
      complexing substance, carrying the nuclide inside the cell are formulated. The
      importance of limiting the radiation dose, cellular radiosensitivity, as well as
      the quality control of the final cellular suspension are emphasized.

PMID- 6426174
TI  - Chemistry and specifications of pesticides. Eighth report of the WHO Expert
      Committee on Vector Biology and Control.

PMID- 6426175
TI  - WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Thirty-fourth report.

PMID- 6426176
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with hydroxylated xenobiotics on the activities of rat
      liver UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases.
AB  - Six hydroxylated substrates were examined as potential inducers of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferases towards their conjugation and the conjugation of other
      'model' aglycones with glucuronic acid. Time-dependence (4, 14 and 28 days) and
      dose-dependence of treatments (from 25 mg/kg to 1 g/kg) were examined for some of
      these compounds. Monoterpenoid alcohols (borneol and terpineol) did not enhance
      the glucuronidation of the ten substrates tested. p-Hydroxybiphenyl gives typical
      'substrate-induction' towards its own conjugation. Eugenol, a previously
      described inducer of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in mouse, and 4
      methylumbelliferone, give a general enhancement of all activities tested,
      especially those of the '3-methylcholanthrene-inducible' group of aglycones. p
      Nitrophenol at low dose (2.5 mg/kg) gives a limited 'polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon'-like increase.

PMID- 6426177
TI  - Rate-limiting steps in cytochrome P-450-catalysed reactions: studies on isotope
      effects in the O-de-ethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin.
AB  - Primary deuterium isotope effects ranging from 2 to 6 were measured for the O-de
      ethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin catalysed by microsomal and purified cytochrome P
      450 isozymes. Interpretation of the observed deuterium isotope effect in terms of
      the contribution of the C-H bond-cleavage step to the overall rate requires the
      determination of the intrinsic isotope effect. Evidence is presented that at
      least one irreversible step occurs before C-H bond cleavage which kinetically
      divides the cytochrome P-450 reaction cycle into two portions. Intermolecular
      primary isotope effects are shown to provide kinetic information only about steps
      following the irreversible step. Consequently, the isotope effect may be a
      measure of the rate limitation imposed by the C-H bond-cleavage step in the
      sequence of events following the irreversible step but be totally independent of
      other slow steps preceding the irreversible step. These results indicate that
      multiple rate-limiting steps may exist in cytochrome P-450-catalysed reactions.

PMID- 6426178
TI  - Inducers of both cytodifferentiation and anthracycline biosynthesis of
      Streptomyces griseus and their occurrence in actinomycetes and other
      microorganisms.
AB  - Many taxonomically different strains of actinomycetes as well as several other
      procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms were shown to produce inducers of
      cytodifferentiation and anthracycline biosynthesis being active towards blocked
      mutant ZIMET 43682 of Streptomyces griseus. 37 out of 40 strains of the species
      of S. griseus (92.5%) yielding different kinds of antibiotics were able to induce
      both the formation of aerial mycelium in the indicator strain ZIMET 43682
      concomitant with the biosynthesis of anthracycline antibiotics. 80 (26.3%) out of
      304 strains belonging to 94 different Streptomyces species were also producers of
      inducing agents. Among 77 strains of actinomycetes belonging to 28 different
      genera being apart from Streptomyces, 12 strains displayed inducing activity
      (15.6%). The results obtained so far support the conclusion that the formation of
      inducing agents was neither associated with a particular species of Streptomyces
      nor its capacity to produce a given antibiotic. The occurrence of inducers has
      been observed even with members of other genera. Few strains were capable of
      inducing only one of the differentiation-associated functions. Some strains of
      Streptomyces species produced at least two different kinds of inducers
      discernible by their Rf values on TLC.

PMID- 6426179
TI  - [Problems in the care of patients with heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 6426180
TI  - [Possibilities for optimizing therapy with theophylline preparations. Clinical
      effectiveness and side effects of microcrystalline theophylline].
AB  - The efficacy of microcrystalline theophylline is examined in patients with
      stabilized bronchial asthma. Beside the concentration of theophylline in the
      serum are estimated: the changes of subjective state of health, the consumption
      of beta2-stimulants, VC and FEV1. Although in 8 of 10 patients the theophylline
      concentration in the serum was below the therapeutical range for a considerable
      period of time, an improvement of the subjectively estimated state of health, a
      diminished consumption of beta2-stimulants and an increasing VC and FEV1 are
      evident after 6-7 days, also statistically confirmed. Proposals are suggested for
      using all possibilities for an improved therapy with theophylline.

PMID- 6426181
TI  - [Hepatitis non-A, non-B. Retro- and prospective studies on the epidemiology of
      the acute disease].
AB  - The epidemiology was studied in 159 consecutively admitted patients (1981-1983)
      with acute and chronic parenteral and non-parenteral type non A, non B hepatitis
      (HNANB). To establish the frequencies of types A (HAV), B (HBV) and HNANB data
      were collected from the official health statistic of the Federal Republic of
      Germany (1980-1982). Accordingly, 5 out of 100 000 persons acquired HNANB each
      year. There was no regional prevalence (i. e. industrial areas, cities) in HNANB
      as it was present in HAV. The relation of HNANB to HAV and HBV was 1:3:2,4
      (health statistic), but was 1:1,1:3 in clinical studies (1979-1983, n = 2027). Of
      the patients with non-parenteral HNANB (n = 50) most were elder than 20 years of
      age. Susceptibility for parenteral acquired HNANB was observed in all groups of
      age. The evaluation of the possible modes of infection revealed 59% of the
      patients with non-parenteral ("sporadic") type HNANB, other 28,9% had
      posttransfusion HNANB. When monthly incidence was examined the HNANB infectivity
      of bloodtransfusions was high during May, June and October. Most cases of
      sporadic HNANB became clinically ill during summer and October. Difficulties in
      determination of incubation periods became evident because of the fluctuating
      increases and decreases of aminotransferases: In posttransfusion HNANB (n = 28)
      the first increases of aminotransferases were recorded at day 18 +/- 13 whereas
      peak values happened at day 77 +/- 21. It is concluded, that HNANB is an
      infection which affects a high proportion of the population, and needs
      consideration as a common infectious disease.

PMID- 6426182
TI  - [Reference ranges for laser nephelometrically determined serum protein
      concentrations].

PMID- 6426183
TI  - [Comparative determination of human IgG using radial immunodiffusion, laser
      nephelometry and immunoturbidimetry].

PMID- 6426184
TI  - [Autoxidation products of arachidonic acid modify the arachidonic acid-induced
      aggregation of human blood platelets].

PMID- 6426185
TI  - Unidentified cyst-forming sporozoon causing encephalomyelitis and myositis in
      dogs.

PMID- 6426186
TI  - [Function of the hypophyseal-gonadal system in aging in the male].

PMID- 6426187
TI  - [Proteolytic activities of Ps. fluorescens in milk: determination with azocasein
      in comparison with HPA].
AB  - Proteolytic activity of psychotrophie bacteria in milk can be measured in a
      practical and comparatively sensitive manner using Azocasein as a substrate. The
      necessary parameters were exemplarily developed and demonstrated with a typical,
      strongly proteolytic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens (No. 112). Comparison of
      the improved Azocasein method with a modified version of the HPA method of Cliffe
      and Law--they had proposed it for predicting the stability of UHT milk--showed
      nearly the same sensitivity with six test strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The
      first significant detection of proteolytic activity could be made approximately
      at the same time except with one strain of the biotype II (miscellaneous
      strains). It is discussed, whether the demonstrated methods can be judged (by the
      bacterial counts of detection) as sufficiently sensitive for to prediction of
      term spoilage during storage of UHT products.

PMID- 6426188
TI  - In vitro colonisation of cerebrospinal fluid shunts.
AB  - A reliable method of colonizing cerebrospinal fluid shunts has been developed in
      vitro. A simulated cerebrospinal fluid is described in which the test organism
      (Staphylococcus epidermidis) multiplied. All experiments were conducted in a CO2
      enriched atmosphere.

PMID- 6426189
TI  - Immunologic characterization of human seminal leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and
      its medicolegal use.
AB  - A new method for identification of seminal stains is described, based on the
      immunologic demonstration of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), which is extremely
      abundant in human semen and specific for the prostate as well as semen. An
      antiserum against human seminal plasma was obtained by repeated immunization of
      rabbits with seminal plasma and Freund's adjuvant. Ouchterlony's double
      immunodiffusion test and Culliford's precipitin electrophoresis were performed to
      demonstrate specific proteins of seminal plasma. LAP activity was visualized with
      L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide as substrate and with Fast Garnet GBC as coupler. The
      immunologic analysis of LAP produced two precipitin lines with enzyme activity.
      One was observed in kidney, jejunum, pancreas, prostate, as well as in semen, and
      was completely absorbed with kidney homogenates. The other was found only in
      semen and the prostate and was not absorbed with kidney homogenates. When the
      anti-seminal plasma serum absorbed with the kidney was used, the semen-specific
      LAP could be demonstrated by precipitin electrophoresis only in seminal stains
      stored for up to 2 months, whereas it was not demonstrated in stains from other
      human body fluids. By means of precipitin electrophoresis the detection of the
      semen-specific LAP was possible at semen dilutions of up to 1:32. The method
      described here greatly enhances the value of semen identification and is quite
      recommendable for the examination of stains in medico-legal practice.

PMID- 6426190
TI  - Entomopathogenic spore-formers from soil samples of mosquito habitats in northern
      Nigeria.
AB  - Spore-forming bacteria, isolated from bottom soil samples of periodical mosquito
      breeding places in Kaduna, N. Nigeria, were tested for mosquito pathogenicity.
      Culex pipiens autogenicus was used for this screening. Five strains, all of the
      Bacillus thuringiensis group, were active in 85 isolates from 32 samples. The
      isolates were from three different serotypes (H-14, H-5a5c, and H-8a8b). The
      activity, compared with the SIP standard, was in the known limits of B.
      thuringiensis israelensis.

PMID- 6426191
TI  - Comparative studies on different methods in typing strains of erysipelothrix
      rhusiopathiae. I. Methods and influence of some factors on their results.
AB  - To contribute to the standardization of typing Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
      strains the following points have been examined and compared: the usefulness of
      tube precipitation, paper chromatography and agar gel diffusion; different
      methods to produce good antisera (specific high titres) and antigens (CH3COOH-,
      HCl-extract, extraction by means of autoclavation). Rabbits have a considerably
      varying individual ability to produce Erysipelas antibodies with good
      precipitation titres. The antigenic effect of different E.rh.-strains and of
      dissociated forms is not equal. The density of bacteria suspension for extract
      production and for rabbit immunization has to be sufficient. The period of
      usability of extracts and antisera is different.

PMID- 6426192
TI  - Comparative studies on different methods in typing strains of erysipelothrix
      rhusiopathiae. II. Comments on the methods and type classification tests of E.
      rhusiopathiae strains.
AB  - The tube precipitation method with antigen produced from autoclaved organisms and
      those produced by CH3COOH extraction and with good antisera have proved to give
      the best results and should be preferred at least in the routine work. It is a
      quick method but the results cannot be fixed and later used in documentation. -
      The paper chromatographic method is very sensitive, makes much work and heavy
      demands on the clarity of the antigen and serum and reading the test. The results
      can be fixed and used in documentation. The agar gel diffusion method demands
      more work than the other methods but the preparation can be stained and stored,
      the precipitation lines can reveal differences in antigenic structure of
      different strains. Erysipelas strains world-wide known as standard strains of the
      individual types have been examined. Some changes in the type classification are
      recommended. Signs of antigen differences of strains of the same type and mutual
      antigens in strains of different types can be detected in the results.

PMID- 6426193
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the 7th workshop of the Virology Section of the
      Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Mainz, Sept.30-Oct.2, 1982.

PMID- 6426194
TI  - [A sensitive method for determining the proteolytic activity in culture
      filtrates].
AB  - A new method for the quantitative determination of low proteinase activities in
      culture filtrates or other complex protein-containing substrates has been
      developed. The method is based on the inactivation of streptokinase which is
      monitored by following the reduction of fibrinolysis. In a time interval ranging
      from 1 to 500 min, the half-life of streptokinase activity is directly
      proportional to proteinase concentration. The enzymatic reactions are not
      interfered with by either other proteins or coloured substances.

PMID- 6426195
TI  - Antigenic analysis of Barber's protein antigen prepared from Salmonella typhi and
      demonstration of protein-specific antibodies in sera of typhoid patients.
AB  - A crude protein antigen (Barber's antigen) was prepared from Salmonella typhi by
      mild extraction with veronal buffer followed by repeated precipitation with
      trichloracetic acid according to the method of Barber. From serological studies
      and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Barber's antigen was found to be highly
      heterogeneous and contain both the lipopolysaccharide and Vi antigens in addition
      to the protein antigens. Nevertheless antibodies specific to the proteins in the
      Barber's antigen were demonstrated in typhoid patients' sera by radioimmunoassay,
      indicating that proteins were also a major antigenic component of S. typhi and
      might play a role during typhoid infection.

PMID- 6426196
TI  - Aminoglycoside accumulation by membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli and
      Streptococcus faecalis.
AB  - Transport of nine aminoglycosides was studied in right side out as well as inside
      out membrane vesicles derived from aerobically or anaerobically grown E. coli and
      S. faecalis. Right side out membrane vesicles prepared from aerobically grown E.
      coli and inside out membrane vesicles prepared from aerobically grown S. faecalis
      as well as inside out vesicles prepared from anaerobically grown E. coli took up
      all the aminoglycosides tested whereas right side out vesicles prepared from
      anaerobically grown E. coli did not exhibit an aminoglycoside transport. Addition
      of DCCD to vesicles having accumulated aminoglycosides caused an efflux of the
      substrates from the vesicles. Monitoring of ATP levels in E. coli transporting
      aminoglycosides revealed that ATP synthesis and aminoglycoside transport were
      closely interrelated. Based on these data it seems likely that aminoglycoside
      transport may be closely linked to the direction of proton fluxes catalysed by
      the ATP'ase.

PMID- 6426197
TI  - Effects of a glycopolypeptide from the slime of P. aeruginosa on phagocytosis by
      mouse macrophages.
AB  - The isolation and characterization of a glycopolypeptide (GP) from the slime of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa which has a marked effect on phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa
      cells by mouse macrophages is described. The GP was found to be a polysaccharide
      coupled with a polypeptide consisting of monomers with a molecular weight of
      25,000. Immunization of mice with sublethal doses of the GP protected the animals
      against infection with the P. aeruginosa strain used for preparing the GP.
      Intraperitoneal administration of purified GP induced an increase in phagocytic
      activity of macrophages that was maximal after 13 days and specific for the
      strain of P. aeruginosa from which the GP was produced. The role of circulating
      antibody in enhancing phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was
      discussed.

PMID- 6426198
TI  - [Diagnosis of follicle maturation and ovulation following hormonal stimulation
      using ultrasonography].
AB  - 10 patients with normal cyclus, 22 patients with FSH/HCG stimulated cyclus and 15
      patients previous to laparoscopic puncture underwent ultrasound examination of
      follicle growth. The results were good reproducible. Ultrasonic examination of
      growing follicle should be done established continuously in cases of hormonal
      stimulation before laparoscopical puncture with regard to extracorporal
      fertilisation.

PMID- 6426199
TI  - [Testing of the steroid-related suppressive effect on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      system using twofold stimulation].
AB  - Intravenous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces not
      only a rapid release of pituitary LH and FSH stored, but also stimulates
      biosynthesis of these hormones by a long acting process. Repeated injection of
      GnRH after an interval of 90 to 120 minutes evokes an increased response compared
      with the first period of stimulation. This pattern of reaction is principally
      maintained on therapy with steroidal contraceptives. The twofold stimulation
      provides additional information on hypothalamic-pituitary reactivity exceeding
      the results yielded by the simple GnRH stimulation test. On the contrary
      examination of prolactin response to twofold TRH-administration gives no
      increased diagnostic aid.

PMID- 6426200
TI  - Animal health in flatdeck rearing of weaned piglets.

PMID- 6426201
TI  - Early weaning and cage rearing of piglets; influence on behaviour.

PMID- 6426202
TI  - Data on the pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in buffalo
      calves.

PMID- 6426203
TI  - [Nutritive effects of acridone derivatives. (2d study in the series "Natural
      materials in animal nutrition")].

PMID- 6426204
TI  - [Blood and serum values in Gottingen miniature swine. 4. Effect of endogenous and
      exogenous factors on the blood picture].

PMID- 6426205
TI  - Porcine alveolar macrophages, isolation, morphological and functional
      characteristics.

PMID- 6426206
TI  - Further studies of congenital hypotrichosis in Hereford cattle.

PMID- 6426207
TI  - [Determination of progesterone in bovine blood and milk samples using various
      radio- and enzyme immunoassay methods].

PMID- 6426208
TI  - [Steroid hormone profile in pregnant cows following laparotomy with special
      reference to the further course of pregnancy].

PMID- 6426209
TI  - A vestibular syndrome associated with Cryptococcus neoformans in a horse.

PMID- 6426210
TI  - [Persistent ductus arteriosus Botalli. Clinico-physiological studies in 3
      Alsatians].

PMID- 6426211
TI  - [Intestinal tumors in dogs].

PMID- 6426212
TI  - Porcine congenital tremor type AI: spinal cord morphometry.

PMID- 6426213
TI  - Effects of adrenergic agents on the in vitro motility of porcine oviducts.

PMID- 6426214
TI  - Hypertrophic gastritis in 21 dogs.

PMID- 6426215
TI  - [Distribution of beta-carotene in serum lipoproteins of dairy cows].

PMID- 6426216
TI  - [Pepsinogen activity in the serum and urine and pepsin activity in abomasal juice
      of cattle with healthy and nonparasitized abomasums].

PMID- 6426217
TI  - A radiographic study on the skeletal development in Swedish dairy cattle breeds
      on different rearing intensities.

PMID- 6426218
TI  - Ovulatory changes in the levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha, luteinizing hormone,
      oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

PMID- 6426219
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on lactating mammary glands of goats before and after
      milking.

PMID- 6426220
TI  - [Catecholamine concentration in the blood and excretion in the urine in different
      forms of progressive muscular dystrophy].
AB  - A combined study of the blood content of catecholamines (C) and of their urinary
      excretion in 42 patients with primary forms of myodystrophies and denervated
      amyotrophies allowed adequate identification of the features of the
      sympathoadrenal system functioning under conditions of the myodystrophic process.
      The study revealed changes in C levels. The primary forms of progressive muscular
      dystrophies (PMD) were associated with increased blood levels of adrenalin (A)
      while denervated amyotrophies were related to elevated concentrations of
      noradrenalin (NA). A statistically significant increase in A excretion with urine
      was found in Duchenne's PMD and in Kugelberg-Welander's spinal amyotrophy, i. e.
      the disorders with the most malignant course among all the groups studied. NA
      concentrations were lowered in all forms of PMD with the exception of Charcot
      Marie's neural amyotrophy.

PMID- 6426221
TI  - [Epileptic syndrome in children with closed craniocerebral injuries (role of
      genetic and environmental factors)].
AB  - An examination of 450 children with closed craniocerebral trauma ( CCCT )
      revealed epileptic attacks developing at different time intervals following the
      injury in 54 children (12%). Hereditary predisposition to the development of the
      posttraumatic epileptic syndrome (ES) was ascertained. Perinatal adverse events,
      infections and other detrimental exposures contribute to the formation of the
      epileptic readiness of the brain. The head injury plays the role of the resolving
      exogenous factor inducing the disease with a low penetration of the pathological
      hereditary factor. Thus, both exogenous and genetic factors play an important
      role in the formation of the ES following CCCT .

PMID- 6426222
TI  - The occurrence and seasonal distribution of C50-C60-polyprenols and of C100-and
      similar long-chain polyprenols in leaves of plants.
AB  - Large amounts of fully unsaturated, mainly-cis, higher isoprenoid alcohols
      consisting of 17-30 isoprene units were found in several plants of the Rosaceae
      family. They occur as mixtures of several prenologues with either C85 - or C100 -
      prenol dominating in the form of acetates. The highest level of these polyprenols
      (0.5-1.0% of wet weight) were found in Crataegus crus- galli , Cotonoaster
      lucida, Prunus serotina and Sorbus suecica (intermedia). Their content increased
      with increasing age of the leaves. The dynamics of this rise is different from
      that observed in the case of accumulation of free C50- C60 - prenols (up to 0.5%
      of wet weight) in leaves of various plant species.

PMID- 6426223
TI  - The effect of urea on the expression of the cysteine regulon.
AB  - Urea inhibits the expression of those cysteine genes which are regulated by the
      cysB gene products. It has no effect, however, on the constitutively expressed
      cysE gene.

PMID- 6426224
TI  - Spontaneous pituitary-thyroid function after surgical treatment of nontoxic
      goitre. A controlled long-term study.
AB  - The free thyroxine index (FT4I), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating
      hormone (TSH) in serum and the peak serum TSH (TRH test) were measured in 18
      patients with nontoxic uninodular goitre and 32 patients with nontoxic
      multinodular goitre before and 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after goitre resection.
      Thyroid hormone therapy was not given postoperatively. Resection of non-toxic
      goitre provoked a transient rise in TSH baseline level, with peak about one year
      after surgery. Three years after the resection the TSH baseline had returned to
      the preoperative level. The TSH changes were significantly more pronounced in the
      multinodular goitrous group, in which resection was bilateral, than in the
      uninodular goitrous group. The changes in serum FT4I and serum T3 were of
      moderate degree and most pronounced in the multinodular group. During long-term
      observation, serum FT4I increased slightly but significantly in both groups, but
      serum T3 showed significant reduction, albeit within reference range. The results
      of the study suggest that thyroid hormone therapy as a routine procedure after
      simple goitre resection lacks a tenable rational basis.

PMID- 6426225
TI  - Congenital choledochal cyst opening into the intraduodenal part of the common
      bile duct and complicated by cystolithiasis and acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The aim of this report was to present an interesting surgically treated patient
      having a rare type III choledochal cyst with peculiar clinical course.
      Anatomically the cyst was a diverticulum of ampulla Vater. It contained stones
      and was lined by duodenal mucosa. At admission the patient had an actual, severe
      pancreatitis simulating appendicitis. Two laparotomies were done before the final
      successful cystoduodenostomy. Ultrasonography was the most illustrative and
      reliable preoperative diagnostic method.

PMID- 6426226
TI  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH): recent clinical data.

PMID- 6426227
TI  - Prolonged combined in vivo pre-treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LRH) and oestradiol benzoate causes long-lasting suppression of the
      autonomous and the LRH-stimulated secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone. An in vitro study.
AB  - The effect of a combined in vivo pre-treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LRH) and oestradiol benzoate (EB) on the autonomous and the 'supra
      maximally' LRH-stimulated in vitro release of LH and FSH by pituitary glands of 2
      weeks ovariectomized (OVX) rats was studied using a perifusion system. The
      concentration of LRH in the perifusion medium was 1 microgram/ml. Pre-treatment
      with LRH during 6 days was effected by means of sc implanted Alzet osmotic
      minipumps (MP). Control rats received a piece of silastic with the dimensions of
      a minipump ('sham-pump'; Sh-P). EB, 3 micrograms/injection or solvent (arachis
      oil) was sc injected on days-3 and -1 (day of perifusion: day 0). Of the
      pituitary glands of EB-injected, Sh-P-implanted rats both the autonomous and the
      LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and the LRH-stimulated secretion of FSH were
      significantly higher than those of the oil-injected, Sh-P-implanted rats without
      EB administration. Pretreatment with LRH for 6 days had a suppressing effect on
      the autonomous and the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH and FSH stores.
      In combination with EB, the suppressing effect of LRH pre-treatment on the LRH
      stimulated secretion of LH and FSH was still greater: the pituitary gland
      appeared to be fixed in a relatively unresponsive state with very low autonomous
      LH and FSH secretion. It is discussed that increase of pituitary LRH
      responsiveness due to EB demands withdrawal of the pituitary gland from the
      influence of LRH, an effect which is in vivo achieved by the negative feedback of
      oestrogen on the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6426228
TI  - Lowering effect of diphenylhydantoin on serum free thyroxine and thyroxine
      binding globulin (TBG).
AB  - To evaluate the effect of anticonvulsants on serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4)
      and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), 32 patients with epilepsy receiving long
      term anticonvulsant treatment (mean duration 81.8 +/- 8.9 months) were employed
      in the present study. The serum levels of total thyroxine (TT4), total
      triiodothyronine (TT3), T3 resin uptake (T3U) and thyrotrophin (TSH) were also
      measured. Free thyroxine index (FT4I) was calculated from TT4 and T3U. Mean
      levels of these thyroid function tests were as follows: 5.52 +/- 1.51
      micrograms/dl (TT4), 1.16 +/- 0.32 ng/dl (FT4), 101.5 +/- 16.2 ng/dl (TT3), 27.5
      +/- 2.6% (T3U), 19.64 +/- 3.97 micrograms/ml (TBG), 1.50 +/- 0.36 (FT4I) and 2.21
      +/- 0.18 microU/ml (TSH). These values except for T3U and TSH were significantly
      lower than normal values (P less than 0.01). Using correlation analysis, a
      significant dose-dependency (daily doses) was found between diphenylhydantoin
      (DPH) and TT4, FT4 and TBG. Other anticonvulsants (barbiturates, carbamazepine,
      primidone) or duration of treatment were not significantly correlated with
      thyroid function tests. Therefore serum levels of DPH were also measured in 19
      out of 32 patients receiving anticonvulsant treatment. Significant negative
      correlation was found between serum levels of DPH and FT4 (r = -0.65) and DPH and
      TBG (r = -0.61).

PMID- 6426229
TI  - Urine TRH immunoreactivity in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
AB  - Urine samples from 8 healthy subjects, from 16 patients with primary
      hypothyroidism and 8 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism were pre-purified in
      SP-Sephadex-C-25 cation-exchange-chromatography, subjected to reverse phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with 0.01 M ammonium acetate pH 4 as a
      polar and propanol as a non-polar solvent with a 1%/min gradient and assayed in
      our TRH radioimmunoassay. Urine TRH-immunoreactivity levels were measured before
      and after 3 months of treatment with thyroxine or methimazole. The urine TRH
      levels in healthy subjects were 5.5 +/- 1.4 ng/1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 8). In the
      hypothyroid patients, the urine TRH levels were 50.6 +/- 40 ng/1 before and 71.7
      +/- 45.3 ng/1 after 3 months of treatment with thyroxine. These values did not
      significantly differ from those in healthy subjects. The large variations were
      due to highly elevated values in 3 patients. In 2 hypothyroid patients with
      initially high urine TRH values, 67 and 657 ng/1, urine TRH was measured 5 and 18
      months later and was found to have decreased to 5 and 11 ng/1. In the
      hyperthyroid patients, urine TRH levels were 10.3 +/- 3.9 ng/1 before and 8.9 +/-
      3.3 ng/1 after the treatment with methimazole and did not differ significantly
      from the levels in healthy subjects. After 3 months of treatment, the hyper- and
      the hypothyroid patients were euthyroid. Our results show, that, except in 2
      hypothyroid patients, there does not appear to be any relationship between urine
      TRH levels and serum TSH or thyroid hormone levels in hypothyroid and
      hyperthyroid patients.

PMID- 6426230
TI  - Effect of oral estriol on abnormal plasma FSH and LH concentrations in women with
      unexplained infertility; conception in a patient with elevated FSH and LH.
AB  - Estriol tablets in the daily dose of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg were administered for
      ten days prior to the expected ovulation in six women with unexplained, long
      standing infertility, regular, apparently ovulatory cycles, and normal cyclic
      changes in estradiol and progesterone. Five of six had abnormal FSH and LH
      patterns contrasting with normal estradiol and progesterone secretion during the
      control cycle. There was an increase in the midcycle LH surge at two lower doses
      of estriol and at the highest dose there was a 7-9 day delay observed in the
      estradiol peak, LH surge and menstrual period in the patient with the normal
      control cycle. This contradicts previously published data that estriol does not
      suppress or delay ovulation at the dose as high as 6 mg/day. In four patients
      with persistently elevated LH and low FSH concentrations, there was little change
      in the pattern of FSH, LH, estradiol or progesterone secretion during treatment.
      In the last patient, who had during the control cycle plasma FSH and LH
      concentrations fluctuating between high normal and menopausal range, indicating
      "premature ovarian failure" and absence of ovarian follicles, essentially normal
      cyclic pattern of both gonadotropins with exception of few individual values
      appeared during treatment. The patient conceived during the last cycle of
      treatment (estriol 1.0 mg/day). Our study demonstrates that high concentrations
      of FSH and LH may not necessarily indicate the absence of oocytes and documents
      previously reported, but never documented occurrence of a conception during
      estrogen therapy in such a case.

PMID- 6426231
TI  - Induction of ovulation and pregnancy with HU-FSH (Metrodin) in women with
      polycystic ovarian disease: summary of clinical experience.
AB  - Ten infertile patients with polycystic ovaries, who failed to conceive with
      clomiphene citrate, were treated with human urinary follicle stimulating hormone.
      In the same group of subjects, three cycles of treatment were performed to induce
      ovulation and pregnancy. Ovulation occurred in sixteen cycles out of eighteen.
      Eight pregnancies were obtained; three ended in abortions, one was an extra
      uterine pregnancy and four resulted in normal deliveries. No cases of real
      hyperstimulation were observed.

PMID- 6426232
TI  - Structure of human cervical mucus correlation with plasma ovarian hormone levels.
AB  - In studying the structural changes of human cervical mucus during the ovulatory
      cycle, they have been observed to be directly related to ovarian hormone changes.
      Mucus structural changes, if taken according to their sequence during the cycle,
      clearly express the anatomic and functional events occurring in the ovary. If
      each structure is considered separately, only the mucus of the preovulatory
      period can be considered an indication of the corresponding ovarian processes,
      presenting peculiar morphologic characteristics. The observation of a similar
      morphologic appearance in the mucus of the early follicular and luteal phases
      leads one to believe, in spite of the influence of totally different hormone
      levels, in the likely existence of a mechanism of interference between estrogens
      and progesterone during the postovulatory period of the cycle.

PMID- 6426233
TI  - Potentialities and limitations of endocrine treatment in idiopathic
      oligozoospermia.
AB  - The effectiveness of various forms of endocrine treatment for idiopathic
      oligozoospermia and the action of kallikrein on sperm parameters were evaluated
      in a retrospective study including 321 individuals with normogonadotropic
      idiopathic oligozoospermia (sperm count less than 20 Mio/ml). Within a follow up
      of 3 years 67 conceptions were noted. 51 of them appeared to be treatment
      related. The highest conception rate was recorded under tamoxifen. Systemic
      treatment of idiopathic normogonadotropic oligozoospermia seems to be very
      limited, since the pathogenetic mechanisms of tubular dysfunction in idiopathic
      oligozoospermia are still unknown and treatment remains empirical. Spontaneous
      variations of semen parameters and spontaneous conceptions of the partners of
      oligospermic males are often responsible for a misinterpretation of the
      interference of a pharmacological agent with the fertilizing ability of the
      ejaculate. Development of new treatment regimens and controlled clinical trials
      are necessary to improve the efficacy of endocrine treatment in idiopathic
      oligozoospermia.

PMID- 6426234
TI  - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. A clinicopathological study of 26 cases.
AB  - 26 patients, 13 male and 13 female, with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
      (PNH) are described. The diagnosis was based on the finding of a positive Ham's
      test. PNH developed in 4 patients with aplastic anaemia, and 3 patients with
      established PNH developed marrow hypoplasia during the course of the disease. In
      2 cases autoimmune haemolysis was also present; this association has not been
      described previously. The majority of patients presented with anaemia and dark
      urine, or with evidence of thrombosis. A high index of suspicion was needed to
      avoid missing the diagnosis. Haemolytic crises were usually precipitated by
      infection, and renal failure requiring dialysis sometimes resulted; a positive
      direct antiglobulin test was often found at times of increased haemolysis.
      Thromboses were the most frequent complication, and when intra-abdominal vessels
      were affected, pain was particularly troublesome. The disease had a widely
      variable course; 4 patients made a complete recovery and 10 died, 8 from
      thrombotic complications and 2 from infections associated with marrow hypoplasia.
      Survival ranged from 1 year to 30 years and the median survival in those who died
      was 3.5 years.

PMID- 6426235
TI  - Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II associated with a new type of G6PD
      deficiency (G6PD Gabrovizza).
AB  - A 6-year-old boy with chronic haemolytic anaemia was found to have glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and the morphological, ultrastructural
      and serological features of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) type II.
      The patient's mother was heterozygous for G6PD deficiency. G6PD from the
      patient's red cells, upon partial purification and full characterization, was
      found to be a new variant designated G6PD Gabrovizza. We conclude that two
      distinct genetic abnormalities coexisted in this patient. We suggest that CDA
      type II may become clinically more expressed when another abnormality of the
      erythrocytes coexists.

PMID- 6426236
TI  - Hereditary elliptocytosis with a spectrin molecular defect in a white patient.
AB  - According to recent works, hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) appears to be related
      in some instances, to a defective self-association of spectrin (type I HE). We
      report a new case of type I HE observed in a white patient. Study of limited
      tryptic digestion of a spectrin dimer showed modification of a peptide involved
      in the dimer self-association process.

PMID- 6426237
TI  - Acetaldehyde influences glucose 1,6-bisphosphate level of human erythrocytes in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - In intact erythrocytes from normal adults, acetaldehyde, besides inducing
      metabolite modifications otherwise observed, markedly decreases the glucose 1,6
      bisphosphate (G1,6P2) level. Pyruvate rapidly reverses the acetaldehyde effects.
      Also in vivo, the acetaldehyde that occurs in the blood stream after heavy
      alcohol intake produces a significant decrease of the erythrocyte G1,6P2
      concentration. These changes support the role of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate as the
      first substrate in the G1,6P2 synthesis. The significance of the glucose
      bisphosphate as glycolytic modulator is also discussed.

PMID- 6426238
TI  - Erythrocyte ferritin in thalassemia syndromes.
AB  - Basic ferritin (liver-type) was measured in erythrocytes of subjects with alpha-
      and beta-thalassemia trait, thalassemia intermedia and Cooley's disease, and
      compared with normals and patients with abnormal iron metabolism without
      erythrocyte metabolic defect (iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic
      hemochromatosis). In all the thalassemic syndromes considered, erythrocyte
      ferritin was significantly higher than in normals (p less than 0.001) and
      increased progressively with the increasing 'severity' of the thalassemic
      disorder. In both thalassemic and non-thalassemic subjects, erythrocyte ferritin
      levels were related to body iron status, but in the thalassemic group, the
      increased erythrocyte ferritin values seemed also to be closely related to the
      intracellular metabolic abnormality. The severity of the defect in globin chain
      synthesis seemed to play an important role in determining ferritin accumulation
      in red cells of thalassemic subjects.

PMID- 6426239
TI  - Plasma beta-2-microglobulin and fibronectin levels in beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - The plasma beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) levels in 118 children with
      thalassaemia were investigated. The mean level was higher than in healthy
      children. A significant increase of beta 2-MG was associated with hypersplenism
      (3.14 +/- 0.6 mg/l). The beta 2-MG levels appeared to reflect reticuloendothelial
      system activity but were not related to iron overload. Fibronectin levels were
      generally lower than in healthy adults; profound chronic fibronectin depletion
      was not accompanied by an increased liability to infection.

PMID- 6426240
TI  - Acute graft-versus-host disease resulting from normal donor blood transfusions.
AB  - 2 fatal cases of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) occurred following blood
      product transfusions given to patients receiving standard chemotherapy for
      Hodgkin's disease. GvHD was established by HLA typing, clinical course, and
      compatible skin biopsy. 23 cases of GvHD following transfusion of blood products
      from normal donors are also reviewed. It should be suspected when fever or rash
      appear 1-2 weeks after transfusion of unirradiated blood products into a
      compromised host or when pancytopenia following chemotherapy is prolonged or
      unexpectedly severe. Prevention of GvHD by irradiation of granulocytes, platelets
      and packed red blood cells given to immunosuppressed patients is recommended to
      prevent this often fatal disease.

PMID- 6426241
TI  - Heterogeneous expression of dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase (DAP IV) in T-cell chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The reactivity for the enzyme dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase IV (DAP IV) has been
      correlated, in 8 cases of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL), with the
      cellular phenotype as well as the morphological and clinical behaviour of
      disease. A highly reproducible correspondence between the 'helper' phenotype
      (OKT4+/Fc mu-R+) and DAP IV expression was observed in cases with aggressive
      disease, whereas the cases with OKT8+/Fc mu-R+ phenotype was characterized by a
      favorable prognosis, LGL (large granular lymphocyte) morphology, and were
      virtually negative for DAP IV.

PMID- 6426242
TI  - Mediastinal Hodgkin's disease and thymic cysts.
AB  - 2 cases of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease with apparent mediastinal
      recurrence following mantle irradiation are described. In both cases the abnormal
      mass was found at thoracotomy to be a benign thymic cyst. The possible aetiology
      of thymic cysts in this context and the importance of obtaining repeat biopsies
      in cases of suspected relapse are discussed.

PMID- 6426243
TI  - Diagnosis of heterozygous state for Bernard-Soulier disease.

PMID- 6426244
TI  - Resistance to bacteria of plastics used in dental practice.
AB  - The resistance to bacteria of composition filling materials (Evicrol, Isopast,
      Micromix and Superlux), of acrylic base-plate used for removable dentures and of
      acrylic (Medident) teeth has been examined. Out of the 6 samples tested with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in accordance with the Hungarian standard, Evicrol,
      Superlux and the base-plate proved to be resistant; Isopast was attacked
      moderately and Medident teeth and Micromix showed intermediate results.

PMID- 6426245
TI  - Intraocular effects of lipoxygenase pathway products in arachidonic acid
      metabolism.
AB  - Arachidonic acid is metabolized through the lipoxygenase pathways to hydroperoxy
      acids (HPETEs), hydroxy acids (HETEs), and leukotrienes, derivatives of 5-HPETE.
      5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, and 15-HPETE were injected intracamerally in rabbits
      and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), leukotriene C4 (LTC4 and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) were
      injected intracamerally in guinea pigs, rabbits and cats. The effects on the
      intraocular pressure, aqueous humour protein and leukocyte concentration as well
      as pupil diameter were assessed. 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE and 15-HPETE did not
      cause any change in the parameters studied. LTB4 caused a marked accumulation of
      leukocytes in the aqueous humour of cats and rabbits, and to some extent in
      guinea pigs. LTC4 and LTD4 were ineffective in guinea pigs and rabbits, but
      caused an intense long-lasting non-muscarinic miosis in cats. Thus, most of the
      lipoxygenase products tested showed little activity in the anterior segment of
      the eye, except LTB4, that caused leukocyte infiltration, and LTC4 and LTD4 that
      caused miosis in cats.

PMID- 6426246
TI  - Pterygium and beta irradiation.
AB  - The results of the combined use of Beta Irradiation, topical Thio-Tepa and
      dexamethasone in the post-operative treatment of pterygium in 169 patients (213
      eyes) are reported. The recurrence rate has been evaluated statistically only in
      eyes with true pterygia, and for this purpose the material has been divided into
      3 groups: group 1 includes all the bilateral cases who either had both eyes
      treated with Beta therapy or not, group 2 includes all the unilateral cases, and
      group 3 is made up of the total number of eyes operated. In the group comprising
      the bilateral cases, the recurrence rate was 2/60 in the eyes treated with Beta
      rays and 4/18 in the non-treated ones (P less than 0.10). In the group comprising
      the unilateral cases, the recurrence rate was 8/73 in the Beta rays treated eyes
      and 18/41 in the non-treated ones (P less than 0.025). When the total number of
      eyes was considered, the recurrence rate was 10/135 in the eyes treated with Beta
      rays and 22/61 in the non-treated ones (P less than 0.05). The difference in the
      recurrence rate between the eyes submitted to Beta therapy and those not
      submitted is considered statistically significant.

PMID- 6426247
TI  - The modulation component of nystagmus during earth-horizontal rotation:
      relationship with gaze angle.
AB  - Periodic fluctuations in gaze angle and nystagmus slow phase velocity (SPV) were
      characterized using 6 normal subjects rotated at constant angular velocity about
      their rostral-caudal body axis with that axis in the horizontal orientation. The
      periodicity of the fluctuations corresponded to the angular frequency of
      rotation. The magnitude of the SPV fluctuations was moderately well correlated
      with those of the gaze fluctuations. Four vector quantities were found to
      characterize these data fairly completely, yet compactly.

PMID- 6426248
TI  - Myringotomy made by CO2 laser--an alternative to the ventilation tube? An
      experimental study.
AB  - In order to examine whether a myringotomy made with a CO2-laser might be
      alternative to a ventilation tube, a perforation was made in the upper rear
      quadrant bilaterally, of 22 rats. The laser-made perforations showed a delayed
      healing pattern, about twice the closing time of a similar-sized perforation made
      with a myringotomy lancet. Serous effusion was constantly observed in the attic
      space during the first 9 days but only in one ear was there actual discharge
      through the perforation. The size of the perforation started to diminish when the
      hyperplastic keratinizing squamous epithelium reached the perforation border.

PMID- 6426249
TI  - [Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents--mechanisms of action].

PMID- 6426250
TI  - Intracerebral grafting of neuronal cell suspensions. IV. Behavioural recovery in
      rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions following implantation of nigral cell
      suspensions in different forebrain sites.
AB  - Single and multiple implants of nigral cell suspensions were grafted to the
      forebrains of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopamine
      denervations. Control lesions alone induced a marked behavioural asymmetry, as
      assessed by amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced rotation, sensorimotor tests and
      side bias in an unbaited T-maze, and the animals were hyperactive to a low dose
      of apomorphine. Single suspension placements into different denervated striatal
      regions were capable of reversing the behavioural asymmetries dependent upon the
      specific placement for each test. Multiple suspension grafts were capable of
      reversing all behavioural asymmetries, and additionally abolished the
      supersensitive hyperactivity to apomorphine. By contrast, single suspension
      grafts placed into the substantia nigra or lateral hypothalamus had no detectable
      effect on any functional measure. The results indicate that nigral suspension
      grafts can be at least as effective as solid grafts in reversing the functional
      deficits induced by dopamine denervation, provided that placements are selected
      within appropriate dopamine terminal regions of the forebrain (e.g. caudate
      putamen or nucleus accumbens).

PMID- 6426251
TI  - Intracerebral grafting of neuronal cell suspensions. V. Behavioural recovery in
      rats with bilateral 6-OHDA lesions following implantation of nigral cell
      suspensions.
AB  - Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the ascending forebrain dopamine
      neurones induce a behavioural syndrome in rats which includes profound aphagia,
      adipsia, akinesia and bilateral sensorimotor neglect. Such animals will die
      unless maintained by intragastric feeding. Three experiments are reported in
      which we have attempted to ameliorate this syndrome with single or multiple
      placements of nigral cell suspensions into the forebrains of rats with bilateral
      dopamine depletions. Although the grafts were efficient in reversing the
      sensorimotor and akinetic impairments, and produced a significant increase in
      eating, the grafted rats remained hypophagic and adipsic. The results indicate
      that although many components of the bilateral dopamine denervation syndrome can
      be reversed by intrastriatal nigral suspension grafts, the severe eating and
      drinking deficits remain unameliorated.

PMID- 6426252
TI  - Further evidence for the presence of subepithelial nerve cells in the rat ileum-
      an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Earlier we observed electronmicroscopically an unidentified but neuron-like
      subepithelial cell in the crypts of the rat ileum. We have now studied some
      immunocytochemical characteristics of similar cells in the fluorescence
      microscope by indirect immunofluorescence. Three markers for neuronal tissues
      were used: 1) Monoclonal Thy-1-antibodies, demonstrated previously to recognize
      surface antigens of thymus-derived cells and nervous tissue; 2) Tetanus toxin,
      which binds to the GT1 ganglioside receptor of nerve cells, and to some other
      neuronal receptor; and 3) Anti-Protein I-IgG, which is monospecific for Protein I
      located in synaptic vesicle membranes. The various antisera used for secondary
      incubations all reacted with leucocytes and other connective tissue cells in the
      villous cores. When the specific primary antisera of Thy-1 and Protein I, and
      tetanus toxin, were included, a small number of spindle-shaped cells with two
      processes, extending just beneath the basal lamina of the epithelium, was
      observed. These cells had a similar location and appearance as the neuron-like
      cells observed electronmicroscopically and may be identical with these cells.
      These results give further evidence that cells with neuron-like characteristics
      are present in the mucous layer of the small intestine.

PMID- 6426253
TI  - The ability of human subjects to detect small changes in breathing volume.
AB  - Human ability to detect small changes in the inspired volume was tested in four
      healthy subjects. The tested volume changes were achieved by: 1) displaying
      breathing volume continuously to the subject on the screen of an oscilloscope,
      the vertical gain of which was changed by the experimenter, and 2) breathing
      small amounts of CO2 (0.02-2.0%) in air. The subject was asked to signal, by
      pressing a button, every time two consecutive breaths differed from the reference
      level. The six tested volume changes corresponded to 15-65% of the reference,
      when changes in eupneic tidal volume were tested, and to 15-45% when changes in
      three reference volume levels, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the resting tidal volume,
      were tested. The just noticeable difference (JND) was defined as the volume
      change detected in 50% of the trials. The obtained results showed that the JND
      for volume corresponds to a volume change of 120-160 ml (23-28% of the reference)
      when the resting tidal volume was used as the reference. For the three reference
      volumes, the JND was found to be a nearly constant fraction (0.25-0.29) of the
      reference volume and thus followed the 'classical' Weber law (JND/reference
      stimulus = constant).

PMID- 6426254
TI  - Motor activity and alimentary behavior after radio-frequency and 6-OHDA lesions
      of lateral hypothalamus and substantia nigra in cats.
AB  - Effects of radio-frequency lesions or injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      into far-lateral hypothalamus (FLH) and substantia nigra (SN) on feeding behavior
      and motor activity were studied in four groups of cats. Hypoactivity, aphagia and
      adipsia followed by gradual recovery of alimentary behavior were observed only
      after radio- frequency lesions of FLH (group I). 6-OHDA injections into FLH
      evoked only slight and transient disturbances in regulation of fluid intake
      (group II). Radio-frequency destructions of SN produced long-lasting drop in
      drinking (group III) while 6-OHDA injections into SN caused long- lasting fall in
      food consumption (group IV). In both groups with SN damages different pattern of
      alimentary behavior was accompanied by motor hyperactivity.

PMID- 6426255
TI  - Purine salvage enzymes in Leishmania donovani and Trichomonas vaginalis.

PMID- 6426256
TI  - Genetic variability of purine nucleoside phosphorylase in the mouse.

PMID- 6426257
TI  - The hormonal regulation of purine biosynthesis: basal levels of different
      hormones in primary gout.

PMID- 6426258
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms for sex specific differences of rat liver xanthine
      oxidase.

PMID- 6426259
TI  - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency: a therapeutic challenge.

PMID- 6426260
TI  - The effect of deoxycytidine and tetrahydrouridine in purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase deficiency.

PMID- 6426261
TI  - Biochemical basis for lymphocyte dysfunction in adenosine deaminase and purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase deficiencies.

PMID- 6426262
TI  - Purine metabolism in intact cells from a purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      deficient child.

PMID- 6426263
TI  - Inosine formation from hypoxanthine by intact erythrocytes and fibroblasts of an
      immunodeficient child with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.

PMID- 6426264
TI  - Mononuclear cells in S-phase in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      deficiency.

PMID- 6426265
TI  - Purine and pyrimidine enzyme markers in human lymphoid malignancies.

PMID- 6426266
TI  - 5'-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficiency in malignant cells: recessive
      expression of the defective phenotype in intraspecies (mouse X mouse) hybrids.

PMID- 6426267
TI  - Intralymphocytic adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      (PNPase) activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): effect of thymostimulin.

PMID- 6426268
TI  - Ribose prevents the propranolol-induced reduction of myocardial adenine
      nucleotide biosynthesis.

PMID- 6426269
TI  - 5'-Methylthioadenosine is the major source of adenine in human cells.

PMID- 6426270
TI  - Changes in purine salvage pathway enzyme activities during human lymphocyte
      differentiation induced by thymosin fraction 5.

PMID- 6426271
TI  - [Clinical study of male infertility].
AB  - A statistical analysis was performed on infertile male patients who visited our
      urological clinic between Jan. 1976 and Dec. 1981. The incidence of infertile
      male was 9.9% of the total male out-patients. Age distribution of most of the
      patients ranged from 25 to 34 years old. Infertile period was most commonly
      within 5 years after they had married. In semen analysis, the cases of
      azoospermia and oligozoospermia (less than 50 x 10(6)/ml) accounted for 80% of
      all the infertile males. Testicular histology showed hypospermatogenesis or
      "Sertoli cell only" in most patients (more than 84.2%) who received testicular
      biopsy. Decrease in testicular volume was accompanied by an increase in the serum
      levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, but there was no
      relationship between testicular volume and testosterone. Most of the patients
      with a testicular volume of less than 12 ml were azoospermic. This suggests that
      there may be a suppression of spermatogenesis in small testes.

PMID- 6426272
TI  - [Carcinoma in diverticulum of female urethra--a case report and review of the
      literature].
AB  - A case of carcinoma in urethral diverticulum is herein reported. The patient was
      a 58-year-old housewife presenting with the complaint of dysuria. Physical
      examination revealed a hen-egg-sized cystic mass at the anterior vaginal wall.
      Complete excision of the diverticulum was performed transvestibulary.
      Pathologically, it was described as papillary adenocarcinoma. The patient's
      postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged. She was readmitted
      because of recurrence of tumor 9 months after the first operation. Forty-five
      cases including this case are reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 6426273
TI  - [Treatment of urinary tract infections by cefaclor, with special reference to the
      antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) detected by the immunoenzyme technique].
AB  - Twenty out-patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) were treated
      with cefaclor. Cefaclor was administrated orally in daily doses of 1,500 mg for 7
      days against 15 cases of simple UTI and 5 cases of complicated UTI. Of 20 cases
      with acute simple cystitis, acute pyelonephritis and complicated UTI, clinical
      responses were excellent in 10 cases, good in 6 cases and poor in 4 cases. The
      efficacy rate was 80%. No side effect was observed. The site of infection
      determined by the ACB detection method was in good agreement with that determined
      by clinical findings. Cefaclor appeared to be equally effective in the treatment
      of both ACB-positive and ACB-negative infections. The presence of absence of
      antibody-coated bacteria did not correlate with clinical symptoms or response to
      therapy.

PMID- 6426274
TI  - [Clinical application of tegafur suppositories for bladder tumor].
AB  - A Tegafur suppository of 750 mg was administered daily to 20 patients with
      bladder tumors, whose ages ranged from 43 to 84 years (average age 63.7).
      Histological study revealed transitional cell papilloma in 6 cases, transitional
      cell carcinoma in 12 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 1 case and malignant tumor
      with extensive necrosis in 1 case. The result of staging and grading was as
      follows: 8 cases of pTa, 5 cases of pT1, 9 cases of pT2, 1 case of pT3a, 2 cases
      of pT3b and 1 case of T4; an, 6 cases of G0, 6 cases of G1, 5 cases of G2, 2
      cases of G3 and 1 case of unknown grade. According to Saitoh and Koyama's
      criteria, no cases showed complete response (0%), 5 cases partial response (25%),
      3 cases minor response (15%), 10 cases no change (50%) and 2 cases progressive
      disease, making the total effective rate 25.0%. Some side effects were observed
      in 6 of the cases (30%): General malaise in 4 cases (20%), loss of appetite in 3
      cases (15%), diarrhea in 1 case (5%), edema in 1 case (5%), anemia in 2 cases
      (10%), an elevation of both GOT and GPT in 1 case (5%) and thrombocytopenia in 1
      case (5%). A recovery from these side effects was achieved after discontinuing
      the use of Tegafur suppositories.

PMID- 6426275
TI  - Hazardous use of stiff wire stylet in feeding tube manipulation.

PMID- 6426276
TI  - Primary tethered cord syndrome: a new hypothesis of its origin.
AB  - Primary tethered cord syndrome is defined as low placement of the spinal cord and
      thickened filum terminale with associated anomalies. This definition excludes
      anomalies concomitant with overt myelomeningocele and spinal cord tethering
      secondary to myelomeningocele repair. Embryologically, the primary tethered cord
      syndrome is an entirely different entity from overt myelomeningocele and
      associated Arnold-Chiari type II malformation, but its origins have not been
      satisfactorily explained. The authors postulate that primary tethered cord
      syndrome is a manifestation of local dysmorphogenesis of all three germ layers at
      the lumbosacral area, possibly triggered by a hemorrhagic, inflammatory, or some
      other local lesion occurring in embryogenesis.

PMID- 6426277
TI  - Intraoperative sonography through a burr hole: guide for brain biopsy.
AB  - Sonographic imaging of the brain was accomplished through a burr hole using a
      small, real-time, 5 MHz transducer in five patients. Brain tumors were accurately
      imaged, corresponding closely in morphology to the computed tomographic scan.
      Intraoperative sonography through a burr hole allows flexibility in technique and
      greatly facilitates brain biopsy procedures.

PMID- 6426278
TI  - Comparison of sonography and computed tomography in the study of orbital space
      occupying lesions.
AB  - Seventy cases of space-occupying lesions in the eyeball and 140 extraocular
      masses in the orbit were explored by both sonography and compute tomography (CT).
      The merits of each method were demonstrated relative to defining the location,
      extension, and nature of the lesion. In adults with ocular masses, sonography is
      usually sufficient. For retinoblastoma, CT is usually necessary to rule out an
      extraocular extension. When an orbital process is involved, greater diagnostic
      accuracy can be achieved if the two methods are combined.

PMID- 6426279
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage in neonates with erythroblastosis fetalis: sonographic
      and CT findings.
AB  - Cranial sonography revealed cerebral hemorrhage in three of seven neonates with
      erythroblastosis fetalis. Among the three infants with hemorrhage, one was 28
      weeks gestational age and experienced germinal matrix hemorrhage with ventricular
      extension, a finding typical of cerebroventricular hemorrhage in the premature
      population. The other two infants with intracranial hemorrhage were more
      gestationally mature, and extensive intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhages were
      found at sonography. These hematomas were peripheral in location and one was
      multifocal. Computed tomography (CT) further revealed hemorrhages in both
      neonates to be multifocal and in close proximity to the pia-arachnoid. In one
      case, the hemorrhage appeared to extend centripetally and rupture into the
      ventricular system. The high incidence, severity, and unusual appearance of
      intracranial hemorrhages in neonates with erythroblastosis fetalis has not been
      previously emphasized in the radiologic literature. In severe cases, children
      with erythroblastosis fetalis should be closely observed for intracranial
      hemorrhage by either sonography or CT, regardless of gestational age.

PMID- 6426280
TI  - Tomographic DSA using temporal filtration: initial neurovascular application.
AB  - A preliminary study showed that encouraging laboratory results reported
      previously using tomographic digital subtraction angiography (DSA) can be
      transferred to clinical application for neurovascular imaging. Tomography may
      show cervical carotid disease more clearly than standard DSA images, and it
      eliminates the interference caused by overlapping vessels. Production of multiple
      tomographic image planes from a single set of projection data, tomosynthesis,
      must be incorporated into this imaging system before tomographic DSA becomes
      clinically useful. This is a practical reality with the present equipment;
      clinical evaluation of this new capability is underway.

PMID- 6426281
TI  - Digital intravenous cerebral angiography in neonates.
AB  - Digital intravenous cerebral angiography was performed in 13 neonates. Injections
      were made either centrally into the right atrium or peripherally into a distal
      vein. Seven infants suffered from anoxia, one infant had clinical brain death,
      another had focal infarcts, and two had intracranial hemorrhage. One infant had
      an intracranial tumor and another had a neck tumor. Venous sinus thrombosis was
      seen in five of the seven anoxic infants. A total absence of intracranial
      arterial circulation was demonstrated in the clinically brain-dead infant.
      Vascularity and venous involvement by neoplasm were excellently delineated by
      this technique.

PMID- 6426282
TI  - CT-guided biopsy for the detection and staging of tumors of the head and neck.
AB  - Twenty patients underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided thin-needle biopsy of
      tumors of the had and neck without complication. This technique was found to have
      wide application in confirming the presence and extent of primary disease as well
      as documenting nodal and bony metastases not apparent clinically.

PMID- 6426283
TI  - Clinical significance of partial volume averaging of the temporal bone.
AB  - The effects of partial volume averaging on computed tomographic images of
      temporal bone structures were evaluated. The models chosen for study included a
      cadaver stapes, two metallic prosthetic stapes, and a formalin-fixed temporal
      bone. The studies measured the changes in apparent dimension and Hounsfield units
      with incremental filling of voxels with metallic densities, changes in the angle
      of tomographic section in relation to small bony structures, and the effects of
      soft-tissue silhouetting. The clinical significance of these changes is
      demonstrated by examples of this phenomenon seen in actual patient examinations.
      This study confirms that partial volume averaging is one of the primary
      limitations in resolution of small structures of the temporal bone.

PMID- 6426284
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of CT-isodense subdural hematomas.

PMID- 6426285
TI  - CT recognition of thorotrast-induced intracranial and lumbar arachnoiditis.

PMID- 6426286
TI  - Computed tomography of a false postoperative meningocele.

PMID- 6426287
TI  - C2 "target": composite shadow.

PMID- 6426288
TI  - Selecting the optimal plane for CT examination of the base of the skull.

PMID- 6426289
TI  - Effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on ventricular ectopic beats in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Ventricular premature beats (VPBs) in 21 consecutive patients with acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) were continuously recorded on magnetic tape by means
      of an automatic arrhythmia monitor and counted manually. The patients were
      sequentially assigned to either a control (n = 11) or nitroglycerin group (n =
      10). Both groups were comparable for age as well as for onset, localization, and
      extension of infarction. Recording in the control groups was begun at a mean of
      9.3 hours following onset of infarction as obtained from patient history. This
      interval was 12.0 hours in the nitroglycerin group. At the start of therapy, the
      number of VPBs was identical in both groups. Ten patients received a mean of 2.1
      mg of nitroglycerin per hour intravenously for 48 hours, whereas the control
      group received no specific therapy. The number of VPBs in the control group
      increased progressively until the sixth hour of registration and reached a
      maximum of 165% of the baseline value before subsequently declining.
      Nitroglycerin administration was associated with a significantly more rapid
      reduction in ventricular arrhythmias: 6 hours after onset of recording, the
      number of VPBs had declined to 39% of the baseline value (p less than 0.05
      compared to control group). This study demonstrates that nitroglycerin reduces
      ventricular ectopic beats in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6426290
TI  - Pressor and depressor responses after cholinergic blockade in humans.
AB  - To determine whether cholinergic mechanisms contribute to blood pressure
      responses during arterial baroreflex inhibition and stimulation, we assessed the
      effects of atropine on pressor and depressor responses during and after release
      of the Valsalva maneuver, upon administration of intravenous phenylephrine and
      nitroglycerin, and during neck suction in 12 healthy people. Atropinization
      augmented the depressor response during the Valsalva maneuver (269%), the pressor
      response after release of the maneuver (544%), the pressor response to
      phenylephrine (109%), and the depressor response to nitroglycerin (76%), whereas
      the depressor response to externally applied neck suction was attenuated or
      abolished in all subjects. Cardiac output as indicated by impedance cardiography
      was unchanged during carotid baroreceptor stimulation. The results are best
      explained by inhibition by atropine of compensatory cholinergic heart rate,
      vasodilator, and negative inotropic responses.

PMID- 6426291
TI  - Enzyme histochemical differentiation of white adipose tissue in the rat.
AB  - Subcutaneous adipose tissues from fetal and young rats were studied with enzyme
      histochemical techniques. Lipid staining and histological evaluation were also
      utilized to compare the development of a wide variety of enzyme activities to
      cytoplasmic lipid deposition and morphological differentiation of adipocytes.
      Three distinct stages of adipose-tissue differentiation were postulated. In stage
      III, adipocytes were morphologically differentiated (rounded, basal-lamina
      positive) and enzyme reactive for many enzymes. In stage II, however, adipocytes
      were reactive for some enzymes but were not morphologically differentiated. Stage
      I adipose tissue was histologically distinct from connective tissue but did not
      contain lipid-laden cells or enzyme-reactive cells. Stages I and II (95%) were
      predominant in fetuses, whereas stage III (90%) was predominant in young animals.
      Histochemical analysis of adipocytes in newborn rats established the metabolic
      competence of these cells despite their small size. These studies indicate that
      enzymatic differentiation of adipocytes clearly precedes morphological
      differentiation.

PMID- 6426292
TI  - Relationship between serum phosphate and parenteral nutrition--associated
      increase in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase.
AB  - Transient increases in SGOT are seen in patients receiving parenteral nutrition.
      We found the magnitude of the increase in SGOT to correlate significantly (r =
      0.69, p less than 0.001) and inversely with the serum phosphate level measured at
      the same time as when the SGOT level was at its peak. Although the presence of
      the correlation does not implicate an etiological role for hypophosphatemia in
      the pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury, hypophosphatemia could possibly worsen
      the degree of fatty infiltration which is responsible for this increase in SGOT.

PMID- 6426293
TI  - Corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis: sustained potential of a classical
      pathogen.
AB  - This communication concerns a case of endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium
      diphtheriae. The patient was a 35-year-old male drug addict who was brought to
      the hospital with fever, chills, and abdominal pain. Two days after admission,
      blood cultures were found to be growing gram-positive rods suggestive of
      diphtheroids. Repeated blood cultures grew the same organism, which was
      identified as a nontoxigenic strain of C. diphtheriae. The patient subsequently
      was identified as having acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Although isolates
      are divided into toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, all isolates of C.
      diphtheriae should be considered potentially toxigenic. Because diphtheria
      generally is considered only of historic interest, few laboratories perform tests
      to identify it and instead report all isolates as "diphtheroids" or
      Corynebacterium. Because all isolates are potentially toxigenic, and because
      there is a large reservoir of nonimmunized people, laboratories must be alert to
      possible serious epidemiologic situations.

PMID- 6426294
TI  - Gallbladder disease in childhood.
AB  - Seventy-seven children less than 19 years old underwent cholecystectomy during a
      12-year period at UCLA Medical Center. Forty-four had calculous cholecystitis;
      five had acalculous cholecystitis; and 28 underwent cholecystectomy with other
      major biliary surgery. In more than half of the patients with calculous
      cholecystitis, a cause for cholelithiasis could be identified, most commonly
      total parental nutrition use. Those without an identifiable etiology were all
      females, were older, were generally obese, had a family history of gallbladder
      disease and had a higher likelihood of adult-life symptomatology. Cholelithiasis
      was best demonstrated by ultrasound and oral cholecystogram. Children with
      biliary atresia, choledochal cysts and other anomalies of the extrahepatic
      biliary system will benefit from cholecystectomy associated with reconstruction
      of the ductal system. Mortality and low morbidity were not related to
      cholecystectomy.

PMID- 6426295
TI  - The effect of lithium carbonate on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Lithium carbonate ameliorates neutropenia associated with cancer chemotherapy.
      The effect of lithium on platelet suppression has not, however, been well
      established. In the present study, five patients with ovarian carcinoma received
      daily lithium during alternate cycles of treatment with hexamethylmelamine,
      cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum. Analysis of myelosuppression was
      performed on 24 paired consecutive cycles given at identical doses, one with and
      one without lithium. During lithium cycles, nadir leukocyte, neutrophil, and
      platelet counts were significantly higher (P less than 0.01, less than 0.01, less
      than 0.05 respectively) and the interval between treatments was shorter (P less
      than 0.01). One patient who has received 11 cycles of chemotherapy continues to
      receive 100% doses owing to the beneficial effect of lithium on chemotherapy
      induced thrombocytopenia. Lithium was poorly tolerated by some patients because
      of either tremor or nausea and vomiting, in spite of nontoxic serum lithium
      levels. The amelioration of drug-induced platelet suppression as well as
      neutrophil suppression noted in this study suggests that lithium's effect on
      hematopoiesis is not limited to stimulation of neutrophil production. The ability
      of lithium to decrease chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression suggests that
      lithium administration may facilitate escalation of chemotherapy doses in
      selected patients.

PMID- 6426296
TI  - Acute effects of the work environment on pulmonary functions of swine confinement
      workers.
AB  - A sample population of owner/operators of swine confinement production facilities
      (21 subjects in 21 different facilities) were tested by spirometry immediately
      before and after a 4-hr work period. These confinement workers had statistically
      significant decrements in flow rates ranging from 3.3% (mean FVC) to 11.9% (mean
      FEF25-75). The air within the work environment was sampled for particulates and
      gases during the exposure period. There was suggestive evidence for a dose
      response association between environmental exposures to carbon dioxide (CO2) and
      hydrogen sulfide (H2S). There was also some evidence for an additive relationship
      between smoking and work environment exposure on decline in lung function. The
      results of this study indicate that those working in swine confinement buildings
      experience irritation to the respiratory tract which is manifest by decreased
      flow rates. These findings suggest this exposure represents an emerging
      occupational health hazard. Further studies are warranted to assess the potential
      for chronic or irreversible damage to the respiratory tract.

PMID- 6426297
TI  - Disadvantages of using total nutrient admixtures.

PMID- 6426298
TI  - Evaluation of a 2-liter plastic container for parenteral nutrient solutions.
AB  - Cost effectiveness and clinical applicability of 2-liter flexible polyvinyl
      chloride containers for administration of total parenteral nutrient (TPN)
      solutions were studied. Times were measured for single and batch compounding of
      50 2-liter and 50 1-liter TPN solutions and for nursing time associated with
      administration of 20 1-liter and 20 2-liter TPN solutions. Costs were calculated
      for personnel time and supplies for 100 1-liter and 50 2-liter TPN solutions
      using single and batch compounding. Rates of return, reuse, and waste were
      compared during a two-month period. Questionnaires were administered to nurses
      and physicians to measure acceptance of 2-liter containers. Time savings for 2
      liter versus 1-liter containers were 7.33 and 3.06 minutes per 2-liter container
      for individual and batch processing, respectively. Nursing time saved with use of
      2-liter containers was 2.79 minutes per 2-liter container. Total personnel and
      supply costs for 2-liter containers were $ 1.60 and $ 0.70 less per liter for
      individual and batch processing, respectively. For 2-liter TPN solutions prepared
      for 11 patients (129 patient days), waste was not significantly different than
      for the 1-liter control group. Questionnaire responses indicated overall
      acceptance of administration of 2-liter solutions as safe and efficient. For
      centrally administered TPN therapy in the inpatient setting, use of 2-liter
      flexible polyvinyl chloride containers is efficient and cost effective.

PMID- 6426299
TI  - Looking beyond DRGs: opportunities for hospital pharmacy.

PMID- 6426300
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute myeloblastic leukemia: fact
      or myth?
AB  - A careful search of the literature disclosed 22 cases of the simultaneous
      occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute leukemia. An additional eight cases of
      macroglobulinemia and acute leukemia have also been described. Critical review of
      these reports, however, suggests that the concomitant occurrence of myeloma or
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia is quite uncommon
      and probably represents a coincidental or chance association.

PMID- 6426301
TI  - Absence spells. Hyperventilation syndrome as a previously unrecognized cause.
AB  - Absence spells in adults have been recognized in association with disorders of
      excessive somnolence, transient ischemia of the temporal lobes, and seizure
      disorders. A 66-year-old man who presented with a history of absence spells for
      more than 20 years is described. After diagnosis of a hyperventilation syndrome
      without an associated seizure disorder, educational and behavioral therapy
      without the use of medication has produced a long, continuing remission of these
      spells. The hyperventilation syndrome continues to present in many ways, often
      without recognition by physicians for prolonged periods. The case presented
      exemplifies this problem and may be the first report of absence spells caused by
      hyperventilation.

PMID- 6426302
TI  - Cryoprecipitate therapy in amniotic fluid embolization.
AB  - Cryoprecipitate was administered to a patient with severe adult respiratory
      distress syndrome secondary to an amniotic fluid embolus, diagnosed
      cytologically. Following the administration of cryoprecipitate, cardiopulmonary
      and hematologic status markedly improved, and the patient recovered without
      apparent sequela. She is the sixth surviving patient reported to have an amniotic
      fluid embolus confirmed cytologically. On the basis of accumulating data on the
      relationship between fibronectin levels and the integrity of the
      reticuloendothelial system, it is quite possible that fibronectin (cold-insoluble
      globulin), and not fibrinogen, played the key role in her dramatic improvement
      and may well have been responsible for the clinical improvement in earlier
      patients treated with blood products containing fibronectin.

PMID- 6426303
TI  - Goals of nutritional support in acute infections.
AB  - Defense mechanisms employed by the host to fight infection are highly dependent
      on adequate protein synthesis to support phagocytic and lymphoid cell activity as
      well as immunoglobulin production. Interleukin I is a small, not yet fully
      characterized protein produced by macrophages which appears to initiate most of
      the nonspecific metabolic changes observed during infection. These alterations
      include: increase in the synthesis of visceral proteins, white blood cells, and
      acute phase globulins; enhanced somatic protein breakdown; sequestering of serum
      iron and zinc in the liver; and induction of fever. The ability of leukocytes to
      produce interleukin I is impaired in patients with visceral protein depletion or
      kwashiorkor-like, hypoalbuminemic malnutrition and can be restored in the healthy
      unstressed patient within approximately three to five days by feeding. Similarly,
      in the stressed patient, adequate protein and caloric intake improves the ability
      to produce interleukin I, which may improve survival. Other defects in host
      defense in advanced stages of protein malnutrition include lymphopenia, impaired
      phagocytosis, and deficiencies in fibronectin, immunoglobulins, and complement
      levels. Thus, the goal of nutritional support is to maintain sufficient amounts
      of amino acids for visceral protein synthesis required for adequate host defense.

PMID- 6426304
TI  - Acro-renal-ocular syndrome: autosomal dominant thumb hypoplasia, renal ectopia,
      and eye defect.
AB  - Seven individuals from 3 generations of a French-Canadian family had various
      combinations of acral, renal, and ocular defects. Acral anomalies varied from
      mild hypoplastic distal portion of the thumbs, with limited motion at IP joint,
      to severe thumb hypoplasia and preaxial polydactyly. Renal anomalies varied from
      mild malrotation to crossed renal ectopia without fusion; other urinary tract
      anomalies were vesicoureteral reflux and bladder diverticula. Ocular
      manifestations varied from complete eye coloboma, coloboma of the optic nerve,
      ptosis, and Duane anomaly. The syndrome seems to be an autosomal dominant trait
      with high penetrance and variable expressivity. Dermatoglyphics were abnormal; in
      addition to a triradius t' present in all, some also had various combinations of
      high TRC, thenar exit of A line, and rare patterns in interdigital area IV.

PMID- 6426305
TI  - Disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male patients with
      acute renal failure.
AB  - The function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis was examined in 20
      male patients with acute renal failure. During the oliguric phase of the disease,
      the serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and total and
      unbound testosterone were markedly reduced, those of prolactin were elevated
      while those of luteinizing hormone (LH) were normal. The serum concentrations of
      sex hormone binding globulin were normal. During the diuretic phase of the
      illness, the serum levels of FSH and testosterone remained low but those of
      prolactin fell towards normal. After recovery of renal function, the
      abnormalities in the serum concentrations of these hormones were reversed. The
      responses of LH and FSH to gonadotropin releasing hormone and of prolactin to
      thyrotropin releasing hormone were abnormal and became normal after recovery of
      renal function. The results demonstrate that: (1) abnormalities in HPG axis occur
      early in the course of acute renal failure; (2) many features of these
      derangements are similar to those seen in chronic renal failure, and (3) the
      alterations in the function of the HPG axis are reversible when renal function is
      restored. The data suggest that loss of renal function, uremia per se and/or a
      metabolic consequence of uremia such as secondary hyperparathyroidism are
      responsible for these derangements.

PMID- 6426306
TI  - Corneal ulcers associated with extended-wear soft contact lenses.
AB  - We treated nine myopic and nine aphakic eyes in patients who developed corneal
      ulcers while wearing extended-wear soft contact lenses. Bacteria were recovered
      from the corneal ulcers of 13 of 18 patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being
      the pathogen most frequently isolated. Chemical disinfection was used by seven of
      the nine patients with myopia and eight of the nine with aphakia. Two of nine
      patients in the myopic group had visual loss to 20/200 and hand movements; five
      of nine patients in the aphakic group had visual loss to 20/50 or worse. Invasion
      of the corneal stroma by bacteria may occur after breakdown of the epithelial
      barrier by contact lens manipulation or after chronic overnight anoxic stress.
      Thus, the use of soft contact lenses on an extended-wear basis may be complicated
      by the development of corneal ulcers. Both aphakic and myopic eyes are at risk.

PMID- 6426307
TI  - Blepharospasm associated with tegafur combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 6426308
TI  - Regulation of digestion. I. Effects of glucose and lysine on pancreatic
      secretion.
AB  - Previous cell-free studies have shown that glucose selectively elicits the
      release of amylase from pancreatic zymogen granules, whereas lysine promotes the
      selective release of trypsinogen. To investigate the expression of these effects
      in situ, glucose or lysine was injected into the celiac artery of anesthetized
      rats, either alone or together with the pancreatic secretagogue cholecystokinin,
      to evaluate their effects on the secretion of amylase and trypsinogen by the
      pancreas. When given alone neither substance significantly changed the output of
      either enzyme. However, when given with cholecystokinin, each altered the effect
      observed with injection of cholecystokinin alone. The injection of glucose
      resulted in a twofold increase in both peak and total amylase output without
      significantly increasing trypsinogen secretion, whereas lysine increased both
      peak and total trypsinogen output by about 50%, leaving amylase output unchanged.
      These findings provide in situ confirmation for the selective enzyme release
      produced by glucose and lysine in cell-free studies and suggest that such end
      products of digestion can regulate the digestive process by modifying the
      secretory response of the pancreas to cholecystokinin.

PMID- 6426309
TI  - Inhibition by bradykinin of renal adrenergic effects in anesthetized rats.
AB  - We studied the contribution of prostaglandins to the actions of bradykinin at the
      renal vascular adrenergic neuroeffector junction by examining the effect of the
      peptide on the decrease in renal blood flow elicited by renal nerve stimulation
      and injected norepinephrine in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats with or without
      pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors sodium meclofenamate or
      indomethacin. Infusion of bradykinin, 10 ng X kg-1 X min-1, into the renal artery
      reduced both the basal and the rise in renal vascular resistance produced by
      nerve stimulation or norepinephrine. The prostaglandin precursor arachidonic
      acid, 5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1, infused into the renal artery, also reduced
      renal vascular resistance and the vasoconstrictor response elicited by either
      adrenergic stimulus. In animals pretreated with either sodium meclofenamate or
      indomethacin, the effect of arachidonic acid, but not that of bradykinin, to
      produce renal vasodilation and to attenuate adrenergically induced renal
      vasoconstriction was abolished. These data suggest that bradykinin produces renal
      vasodilation and inhibits the renal vasoconstrictor effect of adrenergic stimuli
      in the rat kidney in vivo by a mechanism unrelated to prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6426310
TI  - Modulation of antidiuretic hormone-dependent capacitance and water flow in toad
      urinary bladder.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that antidiuretic hormone- (ADH) dependent water
      permeability is associated with changes in apical membrane area, hormone
      dependent water flow and capacitance changes were measured in the toad urinary
      bladder under a number of different conditions. Dose-response relationships for
      water flow (Jv) and capacitance increases (delta C) were similar from 1 to 20
      mU/ml ADH. At higher concentrations, Jv reached a plateau, while delta C
      decreased. The decrease in delta C was prevented by elimination of the osmotic
      gradient across the tissue. Serosal hydrazine (10 mM) increased Jv sevenfold and
      delta C threefold in the presence of 1 mU/ml ADH. Mucosal NH4Cl, at constant
      mucosal pH, increased Jv by 50-100%, but did not significantly change delta C. In
      the absence of an osmotic gradient, mucosal NH+4 increased delta C by 50%. NH4Cl
      had no effect on hydroosmotic response to 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP). Mucosal CO2 (9%) decreased Jv by greater than 90%, and
      delta C by 60% with 20 mU/ml ADH. Mucosal CO2 also inhibited the hydroosmotic
      response to 8-bromo-cAMP. Removal of serosal Na diminished cAMP-dependent Jv and
      delta C. The results confirmed the close relationship between ADH-dependent water
      permeability and membrane capacitance. They indicate, however, that under some
      circumstances membrane may be retrieved from the apical surface without affecting
      water permeability.

PMID- 6426311
TI  - Responses of thoracic spinoreticular and spinothalamic cells to intracardiac
      bradykinin.
AB  - The response characteristics of spinoreticular and spinothalamic cells to
      intracardiac injection of bradykinin were determined in cats anesthetized with
      chloralose. Extracellular potentials of individual spinoreticular and
      spinothalamic cells were recorded from the T2-T4 segments of the spinal cord.
      Only those cells with cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent input were tested for
      responses to intracardiac bradykinin (1-6 micrograms/kg). Thirty-seven of the 64
      cells studied responded to bradykinin; 36 were excited and one was inhibited. For
      excited cells, discharge rate increased from 4 +/- 1.0 (SE) spikes/s to a peak of
      20 +/- 2.4 spikes/s, a fivefold increase. Latency to onset of cell response was
      13 +/- 1.1 s, and latency to peak response was 24 +/- 1.4 s after drug injection.
      Tachyphylaxis to additional doses of bradykinin was observed in 17 of 32 cells.
      Occurrence of tachyphylaxis was sometimes altered after bilateral cervical
      vagotomy. The projection sites in the caudal medulla and thalamus were similar
      for responsive and nonresponsive cells. Laminar cell locations in the spinal cord
      had no significant influence on likelihood of cell response to bradykinin. We
      conclude that spinoreticular and spinothalamic cells have a role in transmitting
      noxious information from the heart to the brain.

PMID- 6426312
TI  - Beta-adrenergic stimulation of 42K influx in isolated smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The present studies were designed to examine the effect of the beta-adrenergic
      agent isoproterenol (ISO) on 42K influx into isolated smooth muscle cells.
      Unidirectional 42K influx studies were carried out as described previously using
      suspensions of smooth muscle cells derived from the toad stomach. Results from
      these studies indicated that ISO (10(-4) M) produces an approximate threefold
      increase in 42K influx within 1 min after drug addition. This response is
      transient such that the flux rate returns to near basal levels within 5 min after
      drug addition. The stimulatory effect of ISO on 42K influx is blocked by
      pretreatment with ouabain (1-7.5 X 10(-4) M). ISO thus appears to increase 42K
      influx by stimulating the Na+-K+ pump in the smooth muscle cells. Other findings
      indicate that the stimulatory effect of ISO on Na+-K+ pumping is dose dependent,
      blocked by the beta-antagonist pindolol, and mimicked by dibutyryl adenosine
      3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). These findings support our hypothesis that ISO
      elicits a beta-adrenergic, cAMP-dependent activation of the Na+-K+ pump in
      isolated smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6426313
TI  - Transmembrane 45Ca fluxes in isolated smooth muscle cells: basal Ca2+ fluxes.
AB  - Methods are described for monitoring unidirectional fluxes of 45Ca in smooth
      muscle cells in suspension. Compartmental analysis of 45Ca influx data indicate
      that 45Ca exchange consists of two kinetically distinguishable components in the
      toad stomach muscle cells: a relatively small (approximately 100-pmol X cm-2)
      component with a rapid rate of exchange (t1/2 approximately 1.4 min) and a larger
      (approximately 930-pmol X cm-2) component, which exchanges more slowly (t1/2
      congruent to 87 min). The rate of exchange of the latter but not the former Ca2+
      pool is increased on exposure of the cells to elevated K+ levels; thus the "slow"
      component of uptake appears to reflect transmembrane Ca2+ flux, whereas the
      "rapid" component may reflect exchange of surface-bound label. Consistent with
      this interpretation is the finding that under conditions in which surface 45Ca is
      rapidly and completely displaced, 45Ca efflux occurs as a simple monoexponential
      process with a slow rate of exchange (k = 7.80 X 10(-5) s-1). The apparent rate
      of transmembrane Ca2+ flux in smooth muscle cells at rest is approximately 0.1
      pmol X cm-2 X s-1. Cellular processes that could give rise to an apparent
      transmembrane flux rate of this magnitude are discussed, and a model is presented
      which appears to describe cellular 45Ca exchange in the isolated smooth muscle
      cells.

PMID- 6426314
TI  - Extracellular calcium ion depletion induces release of glycoproteins by canine
      trachea.
AB  - The effect of depletion of extracellular Ca2+ on the release by canine trachea in
      vitro of [14C]glucosamine-labeled trichloroacetic-phosphotungstic acid
      precipitable glycoproteins was evaluated. Incubation in Ca2+,Mg2+-free medium
      containing ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA,
      10(-3) to 10(-5) M) induced a time-dependent increase in base-line release of
      high molecular weight, radiolabeled glycoprotein that was not blocked by 10(-5) M
      atropine, propranolol, or phentolamine. Maximal increase was proportional to EGTA
      concentration and was augmented by preincubation with methacholine chloride. The
      secretory response was reversed by reincubation of explants in medium containing
      Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+ but not Mg2+. Assessment of explants denuded of epithelium or
      cartilage indicated that the secretory response to depletion of Ca2+ originated
      in the tracheal submucosa, probably the submucosal glands. Quantitative
      autoradiographic analyses showed, however, that incubation in Ca2+,Mg2+-free
      medium had no effect on radiolabel release from mucous or serous cells in the
      tracheal submucosal glands. Increased radiolabeled glycoprotein release in
      Ca2+,Mg2+-free medium was accompanied by exfoliation of the surface epithelium,
      though the two effects were apparently unrelated. The secretory response was not
      due to cell lysis or increased release of radiolabeled glycosaminoglycans, and
      the finding that the specific activity (ratio of bound radiolabel to protein
      content) of the glycoprotein released was not changed in Ca2+,Mg2+-free medium
      showed that it was not due to a change in the rate of glycoprotein synthesis. A
      model is proposed in which depletion of Ca2+ increases the rate of flow of mucus
      from the duct lumens of the tracheal glands.

PMID- 6426315
TI  - Insulin resistance in older rats.
AB  - Insulin-stimulated glucose utilization was estimated in vivo in 1.5-, 4-, and 12
      mo-old rats with an insulin suppression test wherein the height of the steady
      state plasma glucose ( SSPG ) concentration, at similar steady-state plasma
      insulin levels, provides a direct reflection of the efficiency of insulin
      stimulated glucose disposal. In parallel studies, the effect of age on in vitro
      insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was assessed in perfused hindlimb preparations.
      In addition, changes in the activity of enzymes that regulate muscle glycolysis,
      glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis were determined in isolated soleus muscle. The
      results indicated that rats got heavier as they became older, and changes in
      weight were associated with parallel increases in mean (+/- SE) SSPG
      concentrations as rats grew from 1.5 (56 +/- 3 mg/dl) to 4 (172 +/- 6 mg/dl) to
      12 mo of age (194 +/- 8 mg/dl). The age-related decline in in vivo insulin action
      was associated with a reduction in insulin action on muscle, and maximal insulin
      stimulated glucose uptake by perfused hindlimbs of 12-mo-old rats was
      approximately 50% of the value seen with perfused hindlimbs from 1.5-mo-old rats.
      Soleus muscle enzyme activity also varied with age, with significant increases in
      glycogen synthase and decreases in glycogen phosphorylase documented.
      Furthermore, muscle glycogen phosphorylase activity, which fell during an insulin
      infusion in 1.5-mo-old rats, did not change when 12-mo-old rats were infused at
      comparable insulin levels. Finally, glycogen content was significantly increased
      (P less than 0.01) in soleus muscle from 12-mo-old rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426316
TI  - Whole-body leucine and muscle protein kinetics in rats fed varying protein
      intakes.
AB  - Whole-body leucine kinetics and rectus muscle synthetic rates were evaluated in
      postabsorptive rats fed semipurified diets that varied in the casein content.
      Rats were allowed to consume ad libitum a 2% casein diet or were pair-fed or ad
      libitum-fed 6, 20, or 40% casein diets for 14 days. After overnight starvation,
      rates of whole-body leucine kinetics and rectus muscle synthetic rates were
      determined with a 2-h constant intravenous infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine. The
      postabsorptive response to inadequate protein intakes included a significant
      reduction in the release of leucine from whole-body protein degradation as well
      as subsequent reutilization for protein synthesis. In contrast, dietary protein
      intake at levels greater than required for maximal growth were not associated
      with any increases in leucine incorporation into whole-body protein or muscle
      fractional synthetic rates. Rates of whole-body leucine oxidation based on plasma
      leucine specific radioactivities underestimated total oxidation by 22-27%, and
      this was relatively constant as the protein component of the diet was varied. In
      addition, the muscle acid-soluble leucine specific radioactivity was similar to
      the plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate enrichment, regardless of dietary protein
      intake.

PMID- 6426317
TI  - Arachidonic acid mobilizes calcium and stimulates prolactin secretion from GH3
      cells.
AB  - Because arachidonic acid and/or its metabolites may be intracellular effectors of
      calcium-mediated secretion, we studied whether arachidonic acid added exogenously
      mobilizes calcium and stimulates prolactin secretion from GH3 cells, cloned rat
      pituitary cells. Arachidonic acid caused efflux of 45Ca from preloaded cells and
      stimulated prolactin secretion. The concentration dependencies of these effects
      were similar; stimulation was attained with 3 microM arachidonic acid. To
      determine indirectly whether these effects may be caused by arachidonic acid
      itself, not via conversion to metabolites, two experimental approaches were used.
      First, inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, eicosatetraynoic acid and
      indomethacin, did not inhibit arachidonic acid-induced prolactin secretion. And
      second, alpha-linolenic acid, which cannot be converted to arachidonic acid, and
      linoleic acid, but not saturated fatty acids of equal chain length, stimulated
      45Ca efflux and prolactin secretion. These data demonstrate that arachidonic acid
      added exogenously causes Ca2+ mobilization and prolactin secretion from GH3 cells
      and suggest that arachidonic acid itself, not via metabolism, may be a cellular
      regulator of prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6426318
TI  - Release of 86Rb from rat submandibular gland slices: relation to sodium pump
      activity.
AB  - Slices of rat submandibular gland were preloaded with 86Rb, an isotope that can
      substitute for K+ in the K+ release process. The efflux of 86Rb was monitored in
      a superfusion apparatus that efficiently removed the 86Rb as it exited from the
      tissue slices. Carbachol and the calcium ionophore A23187 activated a calcium
      dependent increase in 86Rb efflux. Dibutyryl cGMP had no detectable effect on
      86Rb efflux in contrast to its activation of ouabain-sensitive uptake of 86Rb
      observed in an earlier study. The stimulated release of 86Rb was not dependent on
      the presence of either sodium or chloride ions. When 86Rb efflux was stimulated
      by carbachol, the efflux rate returned toward the basal rate after a few minutes
      of exposure to carbachol in the medium. If ouabain was then introduced into the
      superfusate, a large increase in efflux was stimulated. In the absence of
      carbachol, only a small increase in 86Rb efflux was stimulated by ouabain. The
      effect of ouabain indicates that there was a substantial recycling of 86Rb
      between the release and uptake processes in the extracellular space of the tissue
      slice. The significance of this observation is discussed.

PMID- 6426319
TI  - Arachidonic acid and postprandial intestinal hyperemia.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin synthesis on food-induced increases in intestinal
      blood flow and O2 uptake were examined in the jejunum of anesthetized dogs.
      Intravenous (40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) or intra-arterial (0.8-1.6 microgram X
      min-1) infusions and luminal placement (6.5 X 10(-4) M or 200 micrograms/ml) of
      arachidonic acid (AA) significantly attenuated the food-induced jejunal
      hyperemia. Furthermore, luminal placement of AA significantly attenuated the food
      induced increase in jejunal O2 uptake. Changes in blood flow and O2 uptake were
      significantly correlated both before and after arachidonic acid administration.
      Although intravenous infusion of AA decreased blood flow, intra-arterial infusion
      and luminal placement of AA did not significantly alter resting blood flow under
      free-flow conditions. In another series of experiments, intravenous infusions of
      AA under constant-flow conditions produced a biphasic response: vascular
      resistance rose when local blood AA concentration was raised to the range between
      1 and 6 micrograms/ml blood and fell when the concentration was raised between 8
      and 12 micrograms/ml blood. This study indicates that prostaglandin synthesis has
      a marked effect on both resting intestinal blood flow and postprandial intestinal
      hyperemia. The attenuation of the hyperemia may be due to its attenuation of the
      food-induced increase in intestinal oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 6426320
TI  - Ontogeny of gastric mucosal muscarinic receptor and sensitivity to carbachol.
AB  - Development of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor and sensitivity of oxyntic
      gland mucosa to a muscarinic agonist were studied in rats of various ages. The
      gastric lumen of the fetal rat at the 20th day of gestation contained a
      statistically significant amount of basal pepsin, which increased log linearly
      over the first 30 days of life. Carbachol was effective in stimulating the
      secretion of pepsin as early as 12 h after birth. Basal acid could be measured in
      the gastric lumen 12 h after birth. The secretion of basal acid increased log
      linearly over the first 30 days of life. Carbachol was an effective secretagogue
      even in the fetal rat. The density of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor of the
      adult rat oxyntic gland mucosa was 99.3 fmol/mg protein with an apparent
      equilibrium dissociation constant for quinuclidinyl benzilate of 0.40 nM. The
      receptor was well developed even in the fetal rat, which bound 79.6 fmol/mg
      protein with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.26 nM. Except for
      immediately after birth, receptor density was maintained between 70 and 90% of
      the adult level over the first 30 days of life. These results suggest that
      cholinergic regulation of gastric acid and pepsin secretion is probably
      functional by either late gestation or at least immediately after birth.

PMID- 6426321
TI  - Rabbit proximal colon: a distinct transport epithelium.
AB  - Rabbit proximal colon (PC), examined in vitro, exhibits transport characteristics
      distinct from distal colon. Unlike distal colon, PC does not demonstrate
      amiloride-inhibitable electrogenic Na absorption. Additionally, neither
      amphotericin nor "stimulatory" anions induce Na absorption in PC. Electrical
      measurements and radioisotopic flux studies under short-circuit conditions
      indicate that PC is a moderately leaky epithelium with a conductance (9.0 +/- 0.2
      mS) midway between ileum and distal colon; under basal conditions PC has Na and
      Cl transport rates near zero, and 5.5 microM epinephrine (Epi) stimulates
      electrically silent Na-Cl coupled absorption. The mechanism of this cotransport
      was investigated further: Cl substitution with either sulfate or gluconate did
      not substantially alter Epi-enhanced Na absorption. The Epi stimulation of Cl
      absorption in a Na-free solution was diminished. Amiloride, 10(-3) M, inhibited
      Epi-enhanced Na absorption by approximately 50%. The effects of cAMP-mediated
      (theophylline or 8-bromo-cAMP) and Ca-mediated (ionophore A23187) secretory
      stimuli were examined. In the basal state, none of these agents had a consistent
      effect on ion transport. However, after stimulation of Na and Cl absorption by
      Epi, both of the cAMP-related secretagogues had a marked antiabsorptive effect on
      Na and Cl transport. The antiabsorptive effects of Ca ionophore A23187 were less
      marked. These results suggest that rabbit proximal colon a) does not share the
      transport properties characteristic of distal colon, b) possesses an Epi
      sensitive, Na-Cl-coupled absorptive pathway, and c) responds to secretory stimuli
      in an antiabsorptive manner rather than by electrogenic secretion.

PMID- 6426322
TI  - Insulin and islet cell transplant--effect on intestinal uptake of lipids.
AB  - A previously validated in vitro technique was used to determine the effect of
      once-daily injections of NPH insulin (NPH) and islet cell transplant (ICT) on the
      enhanced uptake (Jd) of lipids into the intestine of diabetic rats. Three months
      after ICT, the urine volume, urine glucose, and fasting blood sugars were near
      normal. The Jd of lauryl alcohol was used to measure the effective resistance of
      the unstirred water layer (UWL); NPH was associated with an increase in UWL in
      the jejunum when the bulk phase was stirred or unstirred and a rise in UWL in the
      ileum when the bulk phase was unstirred but had no effect on UWL in the colon.
      The Jd of a homologous series of saturated medium-chain-length fatty acids in
      untreated diabetic rats was reduced with NPH and ICT. The Jd of cholesterol was
      lower in diabetic rats treated with NPH or ICT than in untreated diabetic rats
      over a wide range of concentrations of cholesterol, bile acid, and bile
      acid/cholesterol. The colon was less permeable than the jejunum to fatty acids or
      fatty alcohols. In contrast to the small intestine, diabetes had no effect on
      colonic uptake of these probes. Thus, injection of exogenous insulin or
      endogenous insulin supplied by ICT in diabetic rats reduced the Jd of lipids,
      normalized the effective resistance of the UWL, and reduced the enhanced passive
      permeability of the jejunum observed in diabetic animals.

PMID- 6426323
TI  - Role of metabolic CO2 production in the generation of elevated renal cortical
      PCO2.
AB  - Several possible explanations for the elevated CO2 tension observed in structures
      of the renal cortex have been proposed. The present study was designed to
      investigate the contribution of renal metabolic CO2 production and removal and
      the role of incomplete equilibration of the CO2 added to peritubular plasma in an
      environment devoid of carbonic anhydrase. PCO2 was measured in vivo with PCO2
      microelectrodes in early (EP) and late proximal (LP) tubules and stellate vessels
      (SV) during control conditions and after hyperoncotic albumin, aortic
      constriction, vanadate, rotenone, or 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) per renal
      artery, and carbonic anhydrase infusion. In all groups values for PCO2 in EP, LP,
      and SV sites were indistinguishable but significantly higher than systemic
      arterial PCO2. PCO2 increased to 71.4 +/- 1.4 mmHg with hyperoncotic albumin and
      to 87.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg after 2,4-DNP (P less than 0.001). During aortic
      constriction, vanadate infusion, and rotenone per renal artery, PCO2 fell to 53.7
      +/- 0.9, 55.2 +/- 2.5, and 57.3 +/- 1.3, respectively (P less than 0.001). Renal
      O2 consumption decreased significantly after rotenone (-38.1 +/- 5.6 to -13.3 +/-
      2.7 mumol X min-1 X kg-1) and increased significantly after 2,4-DNP (-35.7 +/-
      5.9 to -75.9 +/- 6.9 mumol X min-1 X kg-1). These findings demonstrate that renal
      energy utilization and metabolic CO2 production represents an important source of
      renal cortical PCO2. Carbonic anhydrase infusion resulted in a decrease in PCO2
      to 58.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426324
TI  - Is ischemia-induced pH decrease of dog myocardium respiratory or metabolic
      acidosis?
AB  - Ischemia causes myocardial acidosis and elevation of myocardial CO2 tension
      (PCO2). We performed the present study to examine whether accumulation of
      hydrogen ion is a cause or result of accumulation of CO2. The myocardial pH and
      PCO2 were measured simultaneously in the dog heart, and the concentration of HCO
      3 [( HCO-3]) was calculated according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
      Ischemia was induced by either partial or complete occlusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery (LAD). After LAD occlusion, the myocardial pH
      decreased with a marked decrease in [HCO-3], indicating that metabolic acidosis
      occurred. We ascertained in experiments with blood sample in vitro that an
      addition of lactic acid into blood decreased both [HCO-3] and pH (metabolic
      acidosis), whereas an addition of CO2 gas into blood increased [HCO-3] and
      decreased pH (respiratory acidosis). These findings suggest that ischemic
      acidosis is not respiratory in nature, but metabolic. The myocardial pH decrease
      due to ischemia, however, cannot be explained by the tissue lactate accumulation
      alone, because the decrease of [HCO-3] is far greater than the increase of lactic
      acid during ischemia.

PMID- 6426325
TI  - Mechanisms of CO2 transport in rectal salt gland of aedes. I. Ionic requirements
      of CO2 secretion.
AB  - Rectal salt glands of Aedes dorsalis can be successfully isolated and
      microperfused in vitro. Microperfused salt glands maintain a large, stable
      transepithelial potential (-40 to -50 mV, lumen negative) and secrete total CO2
      at high and stable rates [CO2 net flux ( JCO2net ) = 799 +/- 57 pmol . min-1 . mm
      1]. Bilateral Na+ and K+ or serosal Cl- substitutions and serosal addition of 1.0
      mM ouabain, 2.0 mM amiloride, or 0.5 mM 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonic acid had no effect on JCO2net . Removal of luminal Cl- inhibited
      JCO2net by 80%, whereas serosal addition of 1.0 mM acetazolamide or 0.5 mM 4,4'
      diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid inhibited JCO2net by 80 and 40%,
      respectively. Net Cl- reabsorption ( JClnet = -888 +/- 57 pmol . min-1 . mm-1)
      was equivalent to total CO2 secretion, suggesting that CO2 transport was mediated
      by a 1:1 exchange of luminal Cl- for serosal HCO-3.

PMID- 6426326
TI  - Mechanisms of CO2 transport in rectal salt gland of Aedes. II. Site of Cl(-)
      HCO3(-) exchange.
AB  - In the previous paper [Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol.
      15): R727 - R734 , 1984] evidence was presented that indicated HCO3(-) transport
      in the microperfused rectal salt gland of Aedes dorslis larvae is mediated by a
      1:1 exchange of luminal Cl(-) for serosal HCO3(-). The present work demonstrates
      clearly that the anterior segment is the site of Cl(-)HCO3(-) exchange. Changes
      in total CO2 concentration of collected perfusates are the same in perfused
      anterior segments as in whole, perfused salt glands. Furthermore Cl(-)
      reabsorption in the perfused anterior segment is equivalent to total CO2
      secretion and is completely inhibited by bilateral CO2 and HCO3(-) removal.
      Contrary to a previous hypothesis, both salt gland segments are capable of
      secreting strongly hyperosmotic fluids containing high concentrations of Na+, Cl(
      ), and HCO3(-)-CO3(2-).

PMID- 6426327
TI  - Airway receptor activity in the developing opossum.
AB  - Characteristics of airway receptor discharge were evaluated in pentobarbital
      anesthetized, gallamine-paralyzed, artificially ventilated, open-chest suckling
      and weanling opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). Animals were tested with single
      unit vagal recordings at 20, 30, 55, and 90 days of age; results were compared
      with previous data from adults. Rapidly adapting airway receptors ( RARs )
      comprised a smaller percentage of the sampled population at 20 and 30 days of age
      than in older groups. The static firing properties of slowly adapting airway
      receptors (SARs) were examined at 0-20 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure (Ptp). At
      the higher Ptp levels, average receptor discharge rates increased with increasing
      age; these results are similar to findings in placental mammals. At 5 cmH2O,
      however, only the 20-day-old animals exhibited reduced rates of SAR discharge.
      The dynamic response of SARs in 20- and 30-day-old animals was reduced compared
      with adult values, as measured by the adaptation of their discharge frequencies;
      however, the reduction was proportional to the lower receptor firing rates. About
      80% of tested SARs were inhibited by CO2 at 20 and 55 days; similar results were
      obtained in adults. Other results have shown that morphologic development of the
      vagi in opossums at 50 days of age compares with placental mammals similarly
      studied at birth. In contrast, the static SAR discharge in the 50-day-old opossum
      at low Ptp (i.e., 5 cmH2O) is similar to that observed in adults, whereas the
      newborn placental mammal has a greatly reduced SAR firing rate. This suggests
      that early utilization of the lungs can contribute to functional maturation of
      airway receptors.

PMID- 6426328
TI  - Passage of solutes through walls of Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius by
      paracellular and transcellular routes.
AB  - The walls of isolated upper Malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus,
      are much more permeable to small relatively unchanged solutes (ethanol, xylose,
      and mannitol) than to larger or more charged solutes (acetate, glycine, tyrosine,
      and inulin). The more permeable solutes rapidly reach concentrations in the
      tubule cells equivalent to their concentrations in the bathing medium; the less
      permeable solutes do not penetrate into the cells. The time course of
      accumulation of permeable solute in the cells matches the time course of the
      appearance of solute in the lumen. Substances injected into the hemolymph of fed
      R. prolixus appear in the urine at concentrations predictable from the
      permeability of in vitro tubules, supporting the idea that the in vitro
      permeability of the tubules is representative of their properties in the intact
      insect. It is suggested that the rapid transcellular penetration of small solutes
      through the Malpighian tubules reflects the large areas of cell membrane. The
      area of cell membrane exceeds that of the paracellular clefts by a factor of
      10(5).

PMID- 6426330
TI  - [Octopamine: metabolic error or evolutionary vestige?].

PMID- 6426329
TI  - Consumption of 'low-yield' cigarettes: its frequency and relationship to serum
      thiocyanate.
AB  - To determine the use and possible health risks of low-yield cigarettes, we
      ascertained the cigarette brands and serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels of 2,561
      adult smokers (age 25-74) in population-based samples of seven upper Midwestern
      communities during 1980-82. Brands were coded according to December 1981 Federal
      Trade Commission (FTC) ratings for "tar", nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO).
      Compared to 1980 data from the National Center for Health Statistics for the
      United States as a whole, a greater proportion of smokers in these communities
      smoked low-yield brands. More people with higher education than lesser and more
      women than men smoked low-yield cigarettes. Greater proportions of older people
      (65-75 years) than younger people (less than 65 years) smoked cigarettes in the
      highest and lowest brand yield categories. SCN, adjusted for number of cigarettes
      smoked and for sex, was only weakly associated with brand ratings for "tar" (r =
      +.12), nicotine (R = +.11), and CO (r = +.15). Furthermore, the gradient in SCN
      between lowest and highest quintiles of brand strength was less than 16 per cent-
      much lower than the 300-500 per cent gradient in smoke components implied by FTC
      ratings. These data add to the evidence that smoking low-yield cigarettes may not
      be significantly less hazardous than smoking high-yield brands.

PMID- 6426331
TI  - [Octopamine: distribution and role in the nervous system of invertebrates and
      vertebrates].

PMID- 6426332
TI  - [Characteristics of hypophyseal gonadotropic function and the secretion of
      ovarian sex steroids in the postmenopause period].

PMID- 6426333
TI  - [Evaluation of various hyperprolactin states in the clinical picture of
      infertility using functional tests].

PMID- 6426334
TI  - [Characteristics of hypophyseal gonadotropic hormone production and of the
      pathomorphological picture of the endometrium in hemorrhage in the
      postmenopause].

PMID- 6426335
TI  - [Gonadotropins in the treatment of endocrine infertility].

PMID- 6426336
TI  - [Artificial insemination with donor sperm in treating infertility in a family].

PMID- 6426337
TI  - [Pregnancy proteins in an uncomplicated gestational process and in rhesus
      conflict].

PMID- 6426338
TI  - [Respiratory activity of human and animal fetuses during normal intrauterine
      development].

PMID- 6426339
TI  - [Proteins in the amniotic fluid in an Rh isoimmunization pregnancy].

PMID- 6426340
TI  - An in vitro amino acid incorporation method for assessing the status of in vivo
      protein synthesis.
AB  - A quantitative in vitro amino acid incorporation assay is described which can be
      used to assess the status of in vivo protein synthesis. The preparation and
      incubation conditions employed result in constant precursor specific activity and
      limit amino acid incorporation to completion of nascent peptide chains. Results
      obtained with this method correlate well with measurements of polyribosome
      profiles using sucrose gradient centrifugation. The assay is easily applied to a
      large number of samples, and requires only a fraction of the time and tissue
      necessary for conventional measures of polysome aggregation. The method has been
      found suitable for studies of protein synthesis in mouse brain and liver, and in
      gerbil brain, but not in mouse kidney. Products of in vitro protein synthesis can
      be separated by standard electrophoretic techniques, allowing a characterization
      of proteins whose mRNAs are actively translated in vivo.

PMID- 6426341
TI  - A method for the measurement of the sedimentation coefficient and molecular
      weight of microgram quantities of proteins in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride.
AB  - A technique has been perfected for measuring the sedimentation coefficient of
      microgram quantities of a reduced protein in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The
      protein is sedimented through a gradient of 5-8 M guanidine-HCl in the presence
      of dithiothreitol in a SW 50.1 swinging-bucket rotor. Run conditions are
      calibrated by a simultaneous measurement using a single reference protein. Thus,
      the need for running a calibration curve involving several standard proteins
      simultaneously with a sample is eliminated. Because of the trace quantity of
      protein used, the technique yields an estimate of the sedimentation coefficient
      at zero concentration (s0) directly without extrapolation. Since s0 is a function
      of the molecular weight of a reduced protein in this solvent, the method also
      allows an estimate of the subunit molecular weight of the protein. The results of
      the application of the method to known proteins are reported.

PMID- 6426342
TI  - Quantitation of rabbit cytochrome P-450, form 2, in microsomal preparations bound
      directly to nitrocellulose paper using a modified peroxidase-immunostaining
      procedure.
AB  - Rabbit hepatic microsomal suspensions were bound directly to nitrocellulose
      sheets using a "Hybridot" apparatus to ensure uniformity. Cytochrome P-450, form
      2, was then detected by a modified immunochemical method wherein the
      nitrocellulose paper was incubated sequentially with antibody to form 2 for 1 h
      at 25 degrees C, rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin G (IgG) at a 1:100 dilution for
      15 min at 25 degrees C, goat peroxidase-antiperoxidase at a 1:2000 dilution for
      15 min at 25 degrees C, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine at 0.3 mg/ml plus 0.002%
      hydrogen peroxide for 30 min at 25 degrees C. These conditions, as opposed to
      those previously published, yielded less background staining. The density of the
      stain, scanned with a soft laser (Zeineh), increased linearly from 2 to 100 fmol
      for purified form 2. Cytochrome P-450, form 2, was detected and quantitated in
      microsomal samples containing 0.1 to 0.5 and 0.02 to 0.05 micrograms protein for
      preparations from untreated and phenobarbital-treated rabbits, respectively. The
      results agreed with those obtained by Western blotting and single radial
      immunodiffusion. This assay is more sensitive than either Western blotting or
      radial immunodiffusion and has significant advantages such as ease of operation,
      increased sample numbers, and reduced interference from extraneous proteins.

PMID- 6426343
TI  - Assaying proteinases with azocoll.
AB  - Azocoll, an insoluble, ground collagen to which a bright-red azodye is attached
      has been widely used for the assay of proteolytic enzymes. Earlier studies showed
      that hydrolysis of azocoll progressed linearly as a function of proteinase
      concentration but in an exponentially increasing manner as a function of time. No
      explanation for the latter behavior has been offered. We have found that assays
      of both crude extracts of Bacillus subtilis and commercial preparations of
      subtilisin BPN' gave linear rates of hydrolysis of azocoll as a function of
      protease concentration; however, both gave increasing rates of hydrolysis of
      azocoll as a function of time. In attempting to improve and standardize
      proteolytic assays using azocoll we have found: (a) the absorption maximum of
      solubilized azocoll at pH 7.8 is 516 nm and is not significantly altered at acid
      pH; (b) assays which are perfectly linear as a function of time can be obtained
      by using azocoll that has been vigorously prewashed with buffer; (c) the soluble
      filtrate removed by prewashing can regenerate the nonlinear time courses
      previously observed; and (d) the rate of hydrolysis of azocoll can be varied by a
      factor of 3 by varying the rates of agitation of the assay tubes. In summary, to
      obtain reproducible, linear assays it was essential to prewash commercial azocoll
      and agitate reaction tubes vigorously.

PMID- 6426344
TI  - Microisolation of DABITC-derivatized protein by gel electrophoresis: application
      to the purification of antibody heavy and light chains.
AB  - Proteins and polypeptides are derivatized with dimethylaminoazobenzene
      isothiocyanate (DABITC) before their separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. DABITC-derivatized proteins are detected visually in the
      picomole range without further staining and destaining procedures. The recovered
      colored protein can also be used for direct sequence determinations. This method
      was applied to purify heavy and light chains of murine hybridoma-derived
      antibodies. Starting with ammonium sulfate-precipitated protein mixture, this
      method allows, in a one-step procedure, the isolation of pure light and heavy
      chains suitable for automatic sequencing.

PMID- 6426346
TI  - Effects of intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on anterior pituitary
      cell proliferation.
AB  - Effects of intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 200
      micrograms/20 microliter vehicle) on anterior pituitary cell proliferation in
      rats have been investigated by means of the colchicine metaphase-arrest
      technique. In those groups of animals receiving 6-OHDA alone or 6-OHDA plus
      desmethylimipramine (DMI, 25 mg/kg body weight i.p.), where the mean mitotic
      activity rates (MMARs) were initially low at 48 hours, an increase of MMARs was
      observed at 96 and 144 hours after the drug injections. At 144 hours after drug
      administration, the MMARs values in the 6-OHDA-injected group and in the 6-OHDA +
      DMI-treated group were significantly higher than those in the control groups.
      This increase of MMARs resulted from the enhancement of acidophilic and
      chromophobe cell proliferation. The low MMARs at 48 hours after 6-OHDA injection
      are probably a result of dopamine release from damaged nerve endings; the
      enhancement of MMARs (particularly evident in the 6-OHDA + DMI-treated group) at
      96 and 144 hours after drug administration is presumably related to a deficiency
      of dopaminergic control of anterior pituitary cell proliferation.

PMID- 6426345
TI  - Distribution of the cells of origin of the corpus callosum and anterior
      commissure in the marmoset monkey.
AB  - The neurons of origin of the great cerebral commissures of the marmoset monkey
      were identified by horseradish peroxidase histochemistry and their distribution
      was studied. Six adult marmosets were used. Three were normal: the others were
      subjected to section of the corpus callosum (CC), sparing the anterior commissure
      (AC). All six were injected with horseradish peroxidase throughout one cerebral
      hemisphere. The three normals provide information on the origins of both the CC
      and AC, whereas the three callosotomized monkeys allow study of the origins of
      the AC alone. All CC and AC neurons in the marmoset are pyramidal cells. Except
      for layer I, all cortical layers possess commissural cells; their laminar
      organization varies according to cortical area. There exists a progression in
      predominance from supra- to infragranular commissural neurons proceeding from
      temporal through occipital to parietal and finally to frontal cortex. Major
      acallosal zones are found in the primary visual cortex and the fore- and hindlimb
      representations of the somatosensory cortex. Correlations between commissural
      neuron distribution and cytoarchitectonic areas are not always obvious.
      Commissural neurons were not organized in columnar fashion.

PMID- 6426347
TI  - Studies on alpha-actinin and vinculin: proteins of the adhesion plaque.

PMID- 6426348
TI  - Significance of circulatory immune complexes in thromboangiitis obliterans
      (Buerger's disease).
AB  - Circulatory immune complexes were estimated in the sera of 25 patients and 20 age
      and sex matched controls by precipitation with 8% polyethylene glycol (PEG).
      Characterization of the immune complexes, thus obtained, was performed by the
      double immuno-diffusion method. The mean protein content of the PEG precipitates
      was significantly higher in the patients of thromboangiitis obliterans than in
      the controls. The immunoglobulins in the immune complexes were predominantly of
      mixed type in contrast to mainly single class immunoglobulins in the controls. C3
      complement distribution in immune complexes of patients and control sera was 64%
      and 45% respectively. The immune complexes in patients were found to be
      biologically active. The mechanism of formation of circulatory immune complexes
      and their role in the pathogenesis of arteritis in relation to smoking of tobacco
      has been postulated.

PMID- 6426349
TI  - An investigation of five genetic loci controlling polymorphic variants in the red
      cells of goats.
AB  - Results of a joint study carried out in South Africa and England to search for
      new genetic markers in the blood of goats are presented. Haemoglobin (Hb)
      phenotypes were reinvestigated with the technique of isoelectric focusing;
      frequencies in different goat breeds are given. Anaemic Hb type A, AB and B goats
      all produced a Hb C with an identical electrophoretic pattern. All goats tested
      had identical carbonic anhydrase (CA) types, but showed polymorphism of 'X'
      protein. Preliminary results indicated that nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) may be
      polymorphic.

PMID- 6426350
TI  - Red cell carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in Indian zebu cattle and their
      crossbreds.
AB  - Red cell carbonic anhydrase (Ca) types were investigated in 750 animals from
      three zebu, two exotic and three crossbred breeds. A Ca isozyme of slower
      mobility than the S isozyme was observed in four Sahiwal animals. The gene
      frequency of CaS, which was the predominant allele in all the breeds investigated
      ranged from 0.88 to 1.0.

PMID- 6426351
TI  - Contraction of guinea pig trachea with antibodies to guinea pig IgE. An in vitro
      model for asthma. II. Reactivity of guinea pig tracheas to anti IgG1 and anti
      IgG2 in comparison with anti IgE.
AB  - Although relatively small quantities of antibody to guinea pig IgE were shown to
      contract isolated guinea pig trachea in vitro, relatively large quantities of
      anti IgG1 were required to elicit similar responses. Under similar conditions,
      anti IgG2 did not provoke contraction. Following intravenous injection of these
      antisera into normal guinea pigs, anaphylaxis or asthma could be only provoked by
      anti IgE.

PMID- 6426352
TI  - Reducing ventilatory response to carbon dioxide by breathing cold air.
AB  - To study the effect of cooling of nasal receptors on breathing we had 10 normal
      male volunteers rebreathe through their noses 8% CO2 in oxygen at "warm" (23 to
      30 degrees C) and at "cold" (-4 to 10 degrees C) temperatures. In order to
      further examine the effect of nasal receptors on the control of breathing, 11
      subjects had their nasal response to CO2 measured at the warm temperature before
      and after topical nasal anesthesia. To exclude an increase in nasal resistance as
      the cause of the reduced response to CO2, 10 subjects had their nasal resistance
      measured before and after nasal rebreathing of cold 8% CO2 in oxygen. To also
      exclude increased bronchial resistance, forced expiratory volume in one second
      (FEV1) was measured in 12 subjects before and after nasal breathing of cold
      oxygen for 3 min. The mean ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced from 3.0 +/-
      1.6 L/min/mmHg to 2.5 +/- 1.1 L/min/mmHg (p less than 0.05) by the cold air.
      Topical nasal anesthesia increased the response to CO2 at the warm temperature
      from 2.4 +/- 0.7 to 2.7 +/- 0.9 L/min/mmHg. The effect of nasal breathing of 8%
      CO2 in oxygen at the cold temperature was to reduce nasal inspiratory resistance
      at 1 L/s from 4.3 +/- 3.0 cm H2O L/s to 2.6 +/- 1.0 cm H2O L/s (p less than
      0.05). Expiratory resistance at 1 L/s fell from 3.7 +/- 1.5 cm H2O L/s to 2.4 +/-
      0.7 cm H2O L/s (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426353
TI  - Chemical and behavioral control of breathing in adult twins.
AB  - Whether genetic influence on chemical and behavioral control of breathing is
      still present in adulthood was examined in 28 pairs of monozygotic (mean age, 40
      +/- SD 9.9 yr) and 10 dizygotic (35 +/- 9.3 yr) twins. Mean values for hypoxic
      and hypercapnic ventilatory responses, threshold for perceiving added inspiratory
      resistance, and respiratory patterns were not different between monozygotic and
      dizygotic twins. However, within-pair variance ratios (those in monozygotic twins
      being denominators) for hypoxic response (4.08, p less than 0.005), hypercapnic
      response (4.89, p less than 0.005), respiratory frequency during air breathing
      (3.96, p less than 0.005), inspiratory time during air breathing (5.47, p less
      than 0.005), and inspiratory time during hypoxia (9.08, p less than 0.005) were
      significantly larger than 1. Within-pair variances for threshold for resistive
      load perception and respiratory pattern during hypercapnia were equivalent
      between the 2 groups. These results indicate that ventilatory responses to
      hypoxia and hypercapnia and respiratory patterns while breathing air include
      genetically determined factors, whereas perception threshold for added resistance
      and respiratory patterns during hypercapnia are influenced predominantly by
      environmental force in adulthood.

PMID- 6426354
TI  - Oxygen saturation during exercise in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF) is often associated with low hemoglobin oxygen saturation
      and with limited exercise tolerance, yet published reports do not agree on the
      effect of exercise on oxygenation in CF. We studied oxygen saturation (SaO2) by
      ear oximetry in 91 patients with CF during progressive exercise to exhaustion.
      Only 13 of 91 patients changed SaO2 by 5% or more; of these, 4 patients increased
      SaO2 by 5% or more, whereas 9 decreased by 5% or more. Small changes in SaO2 did
      not relate to resting pulmonary function, but large decreases in SaO2 were much
      more likely to be found in patients with forced expiratory volume in one second
      (FEV1) less than 50% of VC than in those with better pulmonary function
      (desaturation of 5% or greater was found in only 1 of 62 patients with FEV1
      greater than 50% of VC, but in 8 of 29 patients with FEV1 less than or equal to
      50% VC). However, even in severely affected patients, modest increases or no
      change in saturation were more common than large decreases, and 17 of 29 patients
      with FEV1 less than 50% VC ended exercise with SaO2 greater than 90%, including 3
      patients with initial SaO2 below 90%. No single resting pulmonary function test
      or combination of tests could predict oxygen changes with exercise. Most patients
      with CF tolerate even maximal exercise without significant desaturation, but
      patients with FEV1 less than 50% of VC should have supervised exercise testing
      with ear oximetry before undertaking an exercise program.

PMID- 6426355
TI  - The effect of oxygen on sleep, blood gases, and ventilation in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We determined the effect of nocturnal low-flow oxygen (NLFO) on arterial oxygen
      saturation (SaO2), transcutaneous PCO2 (TcPCO2), and sleep quality in 10 patients
      with cystic fibrosis (CF) and severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
      (COPD). The patients were studied on 2 nights, 1 with oxygen and 1 with air at 2
      L/min. The NLFO had no effect upon sleep quality in our patients. The minimal
      SaO2 occurred during REM sleep and averaged 79.4%. With NLFO, this improved to
      92.7%. The average maximal rise in TcPCO2 was 5.6 mmHg on falling asleep while
      breathing air; this increased a further 5.1 mmHg with NLFO. Two patients also had
      obstructive sleep apnea. Their SaO2 improved dramatically with NLFO, with no
      deterioration of ventilation. In 4 patients, ventilation was measured
      quantitatively. The only consistent changes during air were an increase in
      abdominal contribution to tidal volume and a drop in minute ventilation from
      Stage 3-4 to REM sleep of 26%, almost entirely caused by a drop in breathing
      frequency. The same changes occurred with NLFO. We conclude that NLFO is
      effective in alleviating the nocturnal hypoxemia of patients with CF with stable
      COPD and does not cause clinically important hypercapnia.

PMID- 6426356
TI  - The mechanisms of arterial hypoxemia during hemodialysis.
AB  - Hypoxemia during hemodialysis has variously been attributed to worsening
      ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) relationships, alveolar hypoventilation combined
      with a reduced respiratory quotient, increased right-to-left shunting, and
      diffusion impairment. It is difficult to separate out these various effects,
      which explains lack of agreement in the literature. To more critically evaluate
      the causes of hypoxemia during hemodialysis, we used a multiple inert gas
      elimination technique to determine the distribution of ventilation-perfusion
      ratios during hemodialysis in 8 patients with chronic renal failure. Measurements
      were made before, during (at 60, 120, and 210 min), and after hemodialysis.
      Whereas arterial PO2 fell from 87 to 74 mmHg by 120 min, ventilation-perfusion
      relationships actually improved. Cardiac output fell from 5.3 to 4.0 L/min over
      the same time. Alveolar ventilation, respiratory quotient, and alveolar PO2 all
      fell, and the alveolar arterial PO2 difference remained essentially unchanged.
      These findings suggest that the hypoxemia observed during hemodialysis is
      primarily due to a decrease in alveolar ventilation and respiratory quotient
      associated with removal of metabolic CO2 in the dialyzer. Secondary factors
      affecting arterial PO2 were the slight improvement in ventilation-perfusion
      relationships tending to increase it, and the decrease in cardiac output tending
      to decrease it. There was no evidence for diffusion impairment because the
      measured VA/Q inequality accounted for the degree of hypoxemia.

PMID- 6426357
TI  - Principles for limiting exposure of the public to natural sources of radiation.

PMID- 6426358
TI  - Nutritional status and bacterial binding in the lower respiratory tract in
      patients with chronic tracheostomy.
AB  - Patients with chronic tracheostomy often develop tracheobronchial colonization
      with enteric gram-negative bacilli, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but
      pathogenic mechanisms are largely unknown. To examine this problem, we measured
      in-vitro bacterial adherence to airway epithelial cells from the tracheal
      surfaces of 15 patients with chronic tracheostomy and 18 healthy, noncolonized
      controls without tracheostomy. Patients with tracheostomy had more tracheal cell
      adherence (7.3 +/- 0.4 [SE] bacteria/cell) than controls (4.8 +/- 0.7
      bacteria/cell; p = 0.008), but patients colonized by Pseudomonas species had even
      more binding (9.0 +/- 0.06 bacteria/cell) than those without this finding (5.8 +/
      0.8 bacteria/cell; p = 0.008). Differences between patients in lower airway cell
      binding of bacteria were largely related to a multifactorial assessment of
      patient nutritional status, the prognostic nutritional index (r = 0.67, p =
      0.005). Thus, nutritional status may account in part for the common problem of
      tracheobronchial colonization with gram-negative bacteria in patients with
      chronic tracheostomy.

PMID- 6426359
TI  - Treatment of streptomycin-susceptible and streptomycin-resistant enterococcal
      endocarditis.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with enterococcal endocarditis received 4 weeks of
      antimicrobial therapy with penicillin G and streptomycin (36 patients) or, if
      infections were streptomycin resistant, penicillin and gentamicin (20 patients).
      Compared with patients who had symptoms for less than 3 months, patients with
      symptoms for more than 3 months had a higher relapse rate (0% versus 44%; p less
      than 0.001) and mortality (2.5% versus 25%; p less than 0.001). Patients with
      mitral valve endocarditis had a significantly higher relapse rate (25%) than
      patients with aortic valve infections (0%) (p less than 0.01). Gentamicin
      associated nephrotoxicity was more frequent (p less than 0.001) among patients
      treated with greater than 3 mg/kg d of gentamicin than among those treated with 3
      mg or less (100% versus 20%). Relapse and mortality rates did not differ
      significantly between patients treated with low-dose or high-dose gentamicin
      regimens. Patients who have had symptoms of enterococcal endocarditis for more
      than 3 months or patients with mitral valve infection should receive at least 6
      weeks of antimicrobial therapy, but patients without these high-risk factors can
      be treated for 4 weeks.

PMID- 6426360
TI  - Enigmatic enterococcal endocarditis.

PMID- 6426361
TI  - Hemophilia, antihemophilic factor, and immune complexes.

PMID- 6426362
TI  - [Detection of glycosidases in Pseudomonas of the fluorescent group: relation
      between serotype and glycosidase activities in P. aeruginosa].
AB  - Fluorescent Pseudomonas species (P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida) were
      tested for the presence of glycosidase activities (alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D
      glucosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-xylosidase, alpha
      D-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-L-fucosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase and N
      acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). Some of the investigated glycosidases were always
      absent, while N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was constantly present in all
      strains; 3 glycosidase activities were observed in association or separately.
      Serotype O11 of P. aeruginosa was found to be homogeneous with respect to some of
      those enzymatic activities. Search for beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase
      and beta-D-glucosidase may be of diagnostic value in epidemiologic studies of P.
      aeruginosa.

PMID- 6426363
TI  - Quality control of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled reagents.
AB  - Fluorescein-labeled reagents are not amenable to the same precision of definition
      as are chemical substances. Nonetheless extensive experimental evidence shows
      that certain preparative requirements and selected measurable chemical parameters
      of the product are of considerable predictive value in determining whether a
      reagent will be suitable in use. Adherence to these criteria and their continuous
      reappraisal combined with performance assessment and information on stability are
      all essential to ensure that reagents are of a quality acceptable to laboratory
      workers and legislative bodies. The need for manufacturers to document each
      procedural step and record the results is an essential element of good
      manufacturing practice now imposed by regulatory bodies. All reputable
      manufacturers adhere to these requirements, which serve not only to maintain
      standards but also to form a basis for corrective action.

PMID- 6426364
TI  - [Esophageal function tests: manometry, pH monitoring, pH monitoring combined with
      manometry and scintigraphy].
AB  - Conventional methods for exploration of the esophagus (radiology and fibroscopy)
      are not sufficiently sensitive to provide a precise diagnosis of minor lesions.
      New techniques have been developed that enable improved evaluation of the
      physiopathology of gastro-esophageal reflux and other esophageal motor disorders.
      These include esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, the association of these two
      procedures, and finally scintigraphy. Manometry is the most effective method of
      assessing esophageal motility, and it can assist in the diagnosis of motor
      disorders related to reflux, of dyskinesias such as in mega-esophagus, and of
      collagen diseases. The most reliable method for diagnosing gastro-esophageal
      reflux is by means of pH monitoring. More detailed physiological and
      physiopathological data can be obtained by combining the two investigational
      methods. Scintigraphy can sometimes determine the responsibility of pulmonary
      disorders in the development of reflux.

PMID- 6426365
TI  - [Recent data on primary dysmenorrhea, its physiopathology and its treatment].

PMID- 6426366
TI  - Review of usage of argon and carbon dioxide lasers for pediatric hemangiomas.
AB  - Pathophysiological effects of the argon and carbon dioxide lasers are discussed
      in detail in reference to pediatric hemangioma problems. Capillary/cavernous
      hemangioma excision by lasers is illustrated by case examples. Benefits as well
      as indications for laser usage in the pediatric age group are reviewed.
      Relatively bloodless excision of hemangiomas by the laser renders this modality
      particularly valuable for pediatric patients.

PMID- 6426367
TI  - Operations upon the biliary tract in patients with acute pancreatitis: aims,
      indications and timing.
AB  - The management of gallstones in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is
      controversial. This paper reports an analysis of 171 attacks of AP associated
      with gallstones. Whilst awaiting elective cholecystectomy 56% of patients had
      further symptoms and 1 died. Non-urgent operations during the same admission as
      the pancreatitis (n = 34) resulted in 2 deaths and 7 septic complications, but
      prediction of complications may be possible. Urgent surgery (n = 5) was followed
      by 3 deaths. This study suggests that in most patients, cholecystectomy should be
      performed as soon as the patient is adequately fit. Urgent removal of an impacted
      ampullary stone (preferably by endoscopic papillotomy) may be required in a small
      minority if severe pancreatitis fails to respond to medical treatment, or if
      cholangitis supervenes .

PMID- 6426368
TI  - [Electrophysiological approaches to hypothalamic rhythms related to
      reproduction].

PMID- 6426369
TI  - [Annual cycle of gonadotropic function and prolactinemia; the regulation of
      seasonal testicular activity].

PMID- 6426370
TI  - Hypothalamic mass and gigantism in neurofibromatosis: treatment with
      bromocriptine.
AB  - A child with neurofibromatosis exhibited gigantism and acromegaly in association
      with a hypothalamic mass lesion. Bromocriptine, 5 mg daily, reduced somatic
      growth rate and restored biochemical homeostasis but had no effect on tumor
      growth. Radiation therapy arrested tumor enlargement and stabilized deteriorating
      visual function.

PMID- 6426371
TI  - Treatment of glaucoma.
AB  - In the past five years, new therapeutic modalities have been discovered that have
      revolutionized the medical and surgical management of glaucoma. New methods of
      drug delivery have been developed for pilocarpine and epinephrine. Timolol
      maleate has become the most widely used drug in the treatment of glaucoma since
      it was approved for general use in 1978. This chapter reviews the pharmacology of
      the newer antiglaucoma medications and gives a perspective on the role of laser
      surgery in open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 6426372
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis: etiology and clinical course.
AB  - It is currently believed that non-A, non-B hepatitis represents several different
      viral infections. Although the condition is clearly distinct from common cases of
      hepatitis A and B, new forms of non-A, non-B hepatitis have recently been found
      that share some characteristics with these diseases. Reliable serologic assays do
      not exist, but animal transmission and electron microscopic studies indicate the
      presence of more than one viral agent. The great risk of chronicity following
      post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis contrasts with the infrequent chronicity
      of sporadic non-A, non-B disease. Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis is usually
      clinically inapparent with mild biochemical abnormalities; nevertheless, it
      slowly but relentlessly progresses to cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

PMID- 6426374
TI  - A genetic survey in four Mongoloid populations of the Garo Hills, India.
AB  - Four Mongoloid populations, viz., Garo , Hajong , Rabha and Koch, belonging to
      the Tibetoburman language family of Garo Hills, India, were examined for blood
      types ( A1A2BO , Rh, MN), secretor factor, ability to taste PTC and cerumen
      types. Gene A1 is more frequent than B in Hajong and Rabha . Garo shows a higher
      frequency of gene B, Koch also shows a little higher frequency of gene B than A.
      R1 is the commonest chromosome in all the groups followed by R2. Frequency of
      gene M is very high in all these populations. In respect of ABH secretion in
      saliva, there is preponderance of the secretor gene. Incidence of non- taster
      gene is somewhat lower in them. Dry cerumen gene is frequent in these Mongoloid
      groups. In general, the Garo Hills populations show closer affinity to the
      Mongoloids of Northeast India in respect of gene frequencies.

PMID- 6426373
TI  - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and renal function.
AB  - Vasodilatory renal prostaglandins, especially PGE2 and PGI2, maintain renal blood
      flow and glomerular filtration rate under certain circumstances, especially
      clinical and experimental conditions accompanied by renal vasoconstriction and
      increased plasma concentrations of catecholamines, angiotensin, and vasopressin.
      Inhibition of arachidonate cyclooxygenase by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
      reduces renal PGE2 and PGI2, exaggerates renal vasoconstriction, and thereby
      decreases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rates. Reversible acute
      renal failure can accompany the clinical use of prostaglandin inhibitory drugs.

PMID- 6426375
TI  - An evolutionary-based model of health and viability.
AB  - A model of health and viability, as influenced by a wide variety of psychosocial
      variables, is presented. This model is based on the principle that illness and
      death sometimes serve an evolutionary function by maximizing natural selection
      prospects of other group members. Thus, evolutionary viability within the social
      context (personal contribution to one's social network) is a crucial health
      factor; life events, life style determiners, control perceptions, and viability
      emotions are other important concepts within the model. This model points to the
      possibility that the full scope of clinical practice may require assisting
      patients in regaining a sense of viability; nursing may be particularly relevant
      to this need because of the opportunity for intense interpersonal contact with
      patients.

PMID- 6426376
TI  - Symptom use and self-regulation in type II diabetes.
AB  - A model of self-regulation that explains the health behavior of type II diabetic
      patients was tested by examining the use of symptoms as indicators of perceived
      blood glucose levels in 38 outpatients. Results of the study supported the self
      regulation model by demonstrating that patients use symptoms to monitor blood
      glucose levels and to guide diabetes-related actions. Implications of the model
      for planning interventions with type II diabetes are discussed.

PMID- 6426377
TI  - Application of Orem's theoretical constructs to self-care medication behaviors in
      the elderly.
AB  - Research was conducted to apply Orem's theoretical constructs of self-care to the
      problem of self-medication behaviors among black, elderly, hypertensive patients.
      Orem's propositions laid the foundation for this study evaluating the
      effectiveness of a self-care medication program on knowledge of medication,
      health locus of control, and self-care medication behaviors. Data supported the
      conclusion that the experimental program initially improved knowledge of
      medication, perceived control over health, and self-care behaviors. Follow-up
      analysis revealed a diminutive effect on these variables. Explanations for these
      conclusions were then applied to Orem's theoretical constructs of self-care.

PMID- 6426378
TI  - Progressive relaxation as a nursing intervention: an analysis.
AB  - Progressive relaxation is an intervention nurses have used during the past
      decade. Because nursing practice is seeking a more scientific basis for use of
      specific interventions, a review of studies that have used relaxation techniques
      is pertinent. In the 13 studies reviewed, the patient populations, purposes,
      procedures, measurements, and results are analyzed and compared. Points are
      provided for nurses to consider when selecting progressive relaxation as an
      intervention or carrying out research studies.

PMID- 6426379
TI  - Information seeking: a component of client decisions and health behavior.
AB  - The information-seeking patterns of clients have received little attention in
      nursing theory and research, but they are important antecedents of health-related
      decisions and behavior. The concept of information seeking is analyzed within the
      framework of a six-step process model. Inter-related dimensions of the
      information search process are identified and the impact on cognitive and
      behavioral outcomes is postulated. Sociodemographic, experiential, personality,
      and contextual variables suggested by prior research to predict variation in
      search behavior are identified, and implications for nursing theory and research
      are discussed.

PMID- 6426380
TI  - Instrument development for health belief model constructs.
AB  - Research was conducted to develop valid and reliable scales to test the Health
      Belief Model (HBM). The dependent variable chosen for scale development was
      frequency of breast self-examination. Independent variables were constructs
      related to the HBM: susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health
      motivation. Analyses for construct validity and theory testing included factor
      analysis and multiple regression. Chronbach Alpha and Pearson r were used to
      compute reliabilities. Scales that were judged valid and reliable were
      susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation.

PMID- 6426381
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpiramide.
AB  - A microbroth dilution method was used to measure the MICs of cefpiramide (SM
      1652), cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone,
      piperacillin, and mezlocillin against 921 isolates of gram-negative (701) and
      gram-positive (220) bacteria. The activity of cefpiramide was equivalent to those
      of piperacillin and mezlocillin against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae
      and gram-positive isolates, including enterococci. Cefpiramide had equivalent or
      slightly greater activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the other beta
      lactam antibiotics tested.

PMID- 6426382
TI  - Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants with altered control of chromosomal
      beta-lactamase to piperacillin, ceftazidime, and cefsulodin.
AB  - Examination of beta-lactam susceptibility of mutants altered in the control of
      chromosomal beta-lactamase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa supports the view that a
      constitutive level of beta-lactamase is not an adequate explanation for
      resistance to cefsulodin and ceftazidime but could be for resistance to
      piperacillin which has an efficiency of hydrolysis ca. 10 times higher than does
      cefsulodin or ceftazidime.

PMID- 6426383
TI  - Differentiation and melanin production in hyaline and pigmented strains of
      Microdochium bolleyi.
AB  - The effect of various compounds on growth, melanin biosynthesis and cell
      differentiation was studied in a hyaline (SH25) and a pigmented (SH25B) strain of
      Microdochium bolleyi. Dark pigment production by the hyaline strain was induced
      by the presence of DOPA and indole in the medium, both of which are intermediates
      in the tyrosine pathway of melanin biosynthesis. These substrates also induced
      conidia and chlamydospore production, structures which were not normally seen in
      the hyaline strain. The systemic fungicide, tricyclazole, inhibited melanin
      synthesis in the pigmented strain but not the development of chlamydospore-like
      cell structures.

PMID- 6426384
TI  - Free and cell-bound cellulase activity of Cellulomonas flavigena.
AB  - Free beta-1, 4-glucanase activity was measured in the supernatant of cultures of
      Cellulomonas flavigena grown on carboxymethylcellulose or filter paper as the
      main carbon source. Filtration through a series of filter papers resulted in
      quantitative removal of the enzyme from the supernatant. The glucanase was found
      to be tightly bound to the paper. Cellobiose was produced from the filters
      containing the enzyme, when incubated at 40 degrees C. After removal of the
      bacterial cells the paper remnants of a C. flavigena culture also formed
      cellobiose. Apparently beta-1, 4-glucanase is freed into solution after the paper
      has been partially degraded. This release is a consequence of the decreasing
      ratio of cellulose to enzyme. Some glucosidase activity could be detected in the
      supernatant of stationary phase cultures. This was probably the result of some
      cell lysis. However, high activities could be measured in ultrasonic cell debris.
      This suggests that the beta-glucosidase of C. flavigena, contrary to beta-1, 4
      glucanase, is cell-bound.

PMID- 6426385
TI  - Microscale method for rapid isolation of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA
      from group N streptococci.
AB  - A method for rapid purification of plasmid DNA from lactic streptococci,
      utilizing microliter quantities of reagents, was developed by combination of a
      short lysozyme-mutanolysin cell wall digestion with a modification of the
      Escherichia coli plasmid isolation procedure of McMaster et al. (Anal. Biochem.
      109:47-54, 1980). The preparations obtained were highly enriched for covalently
      closed circular DNA, and the method was applicable to plasmids of at least 40
      megadaltons. Centrifugation in CsCl-ethidium bromide density gradients was not
      required.

PMID- 6426386
TI  - Production of two phosphatases by Lysobacter enzymogenes and purification and
      characterization of the extracellular enzyme.
AB  - Lysobacter enzymogenes produces an extracellular phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.1) during
      the stationary phase of growth. The cells also produce a cell-associated alkaline
      phosphatase. This enzyme is found in the particulate fraction of cell extracts
      and may be membrane bound. The production of both phosphatases, especially the
      extracellular enzyme, is reduced by inorganic phosphate. The extracellular
      phosphatase was purified to a specific activity of 270 U/mg primarily by
      chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose and gel filtration. The enzyme is
      stable under normal storage conditions but is rapidly inactivated above 70
      degrees. It consists of one polypeptide with an approximate molecular weight of
      25,000. The pH optimum is 7.5, and the Km for p-nitrophenylphosphate is 2.2 X 10(
      4) M. The enzyme degrades a number of other phosphomonoesters but at a reduced
      rate compared with the rate obtained with p-nitrophenylphosphate. Phosphate and
      arsenate inhibit the enzyme, but EDTA and other chelating agents have no effect.
      The lack of a metal ion requirement for activity, the lower molecular weight, the
      soluble nature of the enzyme, and the lower pH optimum clearly distinguish the
      extracellular phosphatase from the cell-associated phosphatase and from other
      bacterial phosphatases.

PMID- 6426387
TI  - Alginase enzyme production by Bacillus circulans.
AB  - Stream and soil samples were screened for microorganisms that would use alginate
      from mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the sole carbon and energy source. A pure
      culture containing large aerobic rods was isolated. The cells were about 0.8 by
      2.5 microns in size, had lateral or peritrichous flagella, had a negative Gram
      stain reaction, and produced spores on sporulation medium. Purified DNA was
      approximately 46 mol% G+C as measured by thermal denaturation. From these and
      other biochemical tests, the organism was identified as Bacillus circulans. The
      enzyme activity that degraded alginate appeared in the culture medium. Upon gel
      filtration, alginase activity eluted as a single peak at a position corresponding
      to a protein of 40,000 daltons. Activity recovered from this one-step, partial
      purification showed apparent endomannuronidase specificity. Like other alginases
      previously reported, the enzyme appeared likely to be a lyase (or eliminase).
      However, no Bacillus species or other gram-positive bacteria have heretofore been
      reported to produce extracellular enzymes with alginase activity. Several other
      B. circulans strains from the American Type Culture Collection also appeared to
      have inducible extracellular alginase activity.

PMID- 6426388
TI  - Distribution and effects of a defined six-member murine-derived microflora in
      gnotobiotic gerbils.
AB  - The gnotobiotic gerbil was selected as a model with which to study the effects of
      colonization with a defined microflora on organ morphology, histology, and
      selected blood biochemical parameters. Gerbils were maintained germfree for 13
      months but failed to reproduce, presumably because of the enlarged cecum. A
      colony of gnotobiotic gerbils that was associated with a bacterial flora
      consisting of Lactobacillus brevis, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and a Fusobacterium
      sp. was established. These gnotobiotic gerbils had smaller ceca than germfree
      gerbils and proved capable of reproduction. Except for the presence of large
      numbers of Bacteroides organisms in the stomach and greater numbers of S.
      epidermidis in gnotobiotic gerbils, the number and location of gastrointestinal
      bacteria were similar in conventional and gnotobiotic gerbils. Bacteroides sp.
      was the second most predominant microorganism present in gnotobiotic gerbils,
      whereas clostridia were reported to be the second most predominant microorganism
      in conventional gerbils. Microscopic examination of direct-impression smears
      indicated that fusobacteria were present on mucosal surfaces. Intestines of
      gnotobiotic gerbils weighed twice as much as the intestines of conventional
      gerbils. Intestinal tissue water weight values from conventional and gnotobiotic
      gerbils were similar. Histological examination of gerbil intestinal tissue
      revealed no cellular hypertrophy and no evidence of inflammation in gnotobiotic
      gerbil intestines. Spleens of gnotobiotic gerbils showed no germinal center
      stimulation. Statistical differences in total serum glucose, serum protein, and
      hematocrit levels were found between conventional and gnotobiotic gerbils.

PMID- 6426389
TI  - Investigations into the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in poloxamer-iodine.
AB  - Laboratory investigations were conducted to study potential mechanisms for
      prolonged survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in poloxamer-iodine (PxI). P.
      aeruginosa organisms isolated from PxI and adapted for growth in distilled water
      or found as part of a mixed microbial population from water in a manufacturing
      plant did not survive more than 15 s after challenge in stock PxI solution.
      Batches of PxI were compounded in the laboratory to determine the survival and
      growth of P. aeruginosa during the various stages of preparation. No P.
      aeruginosa organisms were recovered from the finished product at 1 min after the
      addition of iodine-iodide. However, we found P. aeruginosa in PxI 48 h after
      adding sterile PxI to the inside of a naturally contaminated polyvinyl chloride
      water distribution pipe. These organisms (10(4) CFU/ml) survived for as long as
      98 days in contaminated stock PxI after it was removed from the polyvinyl
      chloride pipe. Both decreasing the free iodine level through addition of
      potassium iodide and increasing the free iodine level through dilution of the
      product resulted in an increased length of survival of P. aeruginosa in
      contaminated PxI solution. Comparative survival studies with pipes of different
      composition revealed that other materials may exert an effect similar to
      polyvinyl chloride. We concluded that polyvinyl chloride and perhaps other
      materials may play an important role in the survival of P. aeruginosa in
      iodophors and may be one source of resistant microbial populations when used in
      manufacturing plants which produce these antimicrobial solutions.

PMID- 6426390
TI  - Heat-induced temperature sensitivity of outgrowing Bacillus cereus spores.
AB  - Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores during cooling (10 degrees C/h) from 90
      degrees C occurred in two phases. One phase occurred during cooling from 90 to 80
      degrees C; the second occurred during cooling from 46 to 38 degrees C. In
      contrast, no inactivation occurred when spores were cooled from a maximum
      temperature of 80 degrees C. Inactivation of spores at a constant temperature of
      45 degrees C was induced by initial heat treatments from 80 to 90 degrees C. The
      higher temperatures accelerated the rate of inactivation. Germination of spores
      was required for 45 degrees C inactivation to occur; however, faster germination
      was not the cause of accelerated inactivation of spores receiving higher initial
      heat treatments. Repair of possible injury was not observed in Trypticase soy
      broth (BBL Microbiology Systems), peptone, beef extract, starch, or L-alanine at
      30 or 35 degrees C. Microscopic evaluation of spores outgrowing at 45 degrees C
      revealed that when inactivation occurred, outgrowth halted at the swelling stage.
      Inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol at the optimum temperature
      also stopped outgrowth at swelling; thus protein synthesis may play a role in the
      45 degree C inactivation mechanism.

PMID- 6426391
TI  - Human lysosomal beta-glucosidase: kinetic characterization of the catalytic,
      aglycon, and hydrophobic binding sites.
AB  - Three binding sites on highly purified lysosomal beta-glucosidase from human
      placenta were identified by studies of the effects of interactions of various
      enzyme modifiers. The negatively charged lipids, taurocholate and
      phosphatidylserine, were shown to be noncompetitive, nonessential activators of 4
      methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside hydrolysis. Similar results were observed
      using the natural substrate, glucosyl ceramide, and low concentrations of
      taurocholate (less than 1.8 mM) or phosphatidylserine (0.5 mM). However, higher
      concentrations resulted in a complex partial inhibition of glucosyl ceramide
      hydrolysis. Increasing concentrations of phosphatidylserine obviated the effects
      of taurocholate, suggesting that these compounds compete for a common binding
      site on the enzyme. Glucosyl sphingosine and its N-hexyl derivative were potent
      noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme activity using either substrate.
      Taurocholate (or phosphatidylserine) and glucosyl sphingosine were shown to be
      mutually exclusive, indicating competition for a common binding site. In
      contrast, octyl- and dodecyl-beta-glucosides were linear-mixed-type inhibitors of
      glucosyl ceramide or 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside hydrolysis, indicating
      at least two binding sites on the enzyme. Inhibition by these alkyl beta
      glucosides was observed only in the presence of taurocholate or
      phosphatidylserine. The competitive component [Ki (slope)] for the two alkyl beta
      glucosides decreased with increasing alkyl chain length, and was unaffected by
      increasing taurocholate or phosphatidylserine concentration. The noncompetitive
      component [Ki (intercept)] was nearly identical for both alkyl beta-glucosides
      and was decreased by increasing taurocholate or phosphatidylserine concentration.
      These results indicated that the negatively charged lipids and alkyl beta
      glucosides were not mutually exclusive, but interacted with different binding
      sites on the enzyme. Gluconolactone was shown to protect the enzyme from
      inhibition by the catalytic site-directed covalent inhibitor, conduritol B
      indicating an interaction at a common binding site. In the presence of substrate,
      taurocholate facilitated the inhibition of gluconolactone or conduritol B
      epoxide. These studies indicated that lysosomal beta-glucosidase had at least
      three binding sites: (i) a catalytic site which cleaves the beta-glucosidic
      moiety, (ii) an aglycon site which binds the acyl or alkyl moieties of substrates
      and some inhibitors, and (iii) a hydrophobic site which interacts with negatively
      charged lipids and facilitates enzyme catalysis.

PMID- 6426392
TI  - 6-hydroxydopamine does not reduce molecular oxygen directly, but requires a
      coreductant.
AB  - The autoxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine (6HODA) was virtually blocked (k2 less than
      10(-15) M-1 S-1 at pH 8.0, ionic strength 0.04) by the simultaneous presence of
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), catalase, and superoxide dismutase
      (SOD). No quinone product or oxygen consumption was detectable after 12 min under
      these conditions. Thus, if 6HODA is to react with molecular oxygen at a
      measurable rate, some other redox species is required as a coreductant. The
      subsequent addition of formate or mannitol proved capable of overcoming the total
      inhibition induced by the mixture of catalase, SOD, and DTPA. The simplest
      interpretation of the data is that most of the autoxidation of 6HODA, as commonly
      observed, involves successive reduction of a series of metal-bound species of
      oxygen; the actual transfer of electrons occurring within a ternary reductant
      metal-oxygen transition state.

PMID- 6426393
TI  - A light-scattering study of bovine factor VIII.
AB  - Classical light-scattering measurements made on bovine Factor VIII preparations,
      which contain a series of multimers ranging from 1 greater than 12 X 10(6)
      molecular weight, gave a weight average molecular weight of about 8 X 10(6) and a
      z-average radius of gyration of about 3000 A. Characteristic dimensions for
      variously shaped models were calculated.

PMID- 6426394
TI  - Protamine modulation of sulfotransferase activity from chicken embryo epiphyseal
      cartilages changes with the degree of sulfation of the acceptor.
AB  - The affinity of a chicken embryo epiphyseal cartilage sulfotransferase, whose
      endogenous acceptor has been removed by protamine, was 10 times greater for
      partially sulfated chondroitins than for totally desulfated chondroitins,
      suggesting that the sulfation of these glycosaminoglycans increased sharply after
      the addition of the first sulfate groups to the polysaccharide. This
      sulfotransferase was activated by protamine, presenting Michaelis-Menten kinetics
      when transferring [35S]sulfate from [35S]3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to
      the totally desulfated chondroitin, whereas sigmoidal kinetics was observed when
      partially sulfated chondroitin 6-sulfate was employed as substrate. This
      sigmoidal kinetics was attributed to the combined effect of protamine that both
      activated the enzyme and removed the sulfate acceptor from solution. The effect
      of other basic substances on the activity of the sulfotransferase was also
      reported.

PMID- 6426395
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of FT-207 rectum suppository in squamous cell carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix. (I) Pharmacokinetics in single administration at a dose of 1
      gram].
AB  - In order to use FT-207 rectum suppository for a long-term maintenance
      chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, we examined its
      pharmacokinetics by single administration at a dose of 1 g employing chemical
      assay. The results were as follows: 1. The blood level of FT-207 showed its peak
      of 30 mcg/ml at 2 hours after administration, of which half-time was 9 hours.
      Inter-individual differences were few in changes in the curve. 2. The blood level
      of 5-FU showed two peaks, 0.25 mcg/ml at 4 hours and 0.017 mcg/ml at 36 hours
      after administration. There were large inter-individual differences in its
      alteration. 3. At the time of operation, both FT-207 and 5-FU showed low
      concentrations in blood. 4. The level of 5-FU in cervical focus was 0.068 mcg/g
      which was the highest among those in all genital organs, and 2.7 times higher
      than the level of 5-FU in blood. 5. There was a significantly positive
      correlation at r = 0.174 (p less than 0.1) between the level of 5-FU in the focus
      of cervical cancer and the level of FT-207 in blood.

PMID- 6426396
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of FT-207 rectum suppository in squamous cell carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix. (II) Pharmacokinetics in continuous administration at a daily
      dose of 1 gram].
AB  - FT-207 rectum suppository at a daily dose of 1 g was repeatedly administered to
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Total doses ranged
      from 7 to 41 g. The following pharmacokinetic results were obtained in comparison
      with single administration. The blood level of FT-207 showed its peak of 35 to 37
      mcg/ml at 4 hours after administration, of which half-time was 11 to 12 hours.
      The blood level of 5-FU showed its peak of 0.038 to 0.041 mcg/ml at 2 to 4 hours
      after administration, of which half time was more than 24 hours. Inter-individual
      differences were less than those of single administration. The level of FT-207 in
      tumor tissue was 14.2 mcg/g which was 15 times higher than that single
      administration. The level in healthy uterine cervix was 18.1 mcg/g which was 12
      times higher that of single administration. The level of 5-FU in tumor tissue was
      0.359 mcg/g which was 5 times than that of single administration. The level in
      normal tissue was 0.15 mcg/g which was 3 times higher than that of single
      administration. The level of 5-FU in tumor tissue was 7.8 to 8.4 times higher
      than that in blood. There was no difference in concentrations of both FT-207 and
      5-FU between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes.

PMID- 6426397
TI  - [Combination chemotherapy of mitomycin C and cytosine arabinoside in the
      intravesical treatment for superficial bladder tumors: report 2. Evaluation of
      prophylactic intravesical infusion therapy].
AB  - Combined chemotherapy of Mitomycin C (20 mg to 30 mg) and Cytosine Arabinoside
      (200 mg) was given by intravesical infusion to 25 patients with superficial
      bladder tumor who underwent transurethral treatment for prevention of
      postoperative recurrence. The prophylactic effect of this therapy was evaluated
      as follows. 1) The postoperative recurrence rates by the actuarial method were
      4.0% in six months, 8.1% in one year, 22.2% in two years, 37.4% in three years
      and 37.4% in five years. 2) The prophylactic effect on recurrence tended to be
      marked on primary tumors, solitary tumors, low grade tumors and relatively large
      tumors. 3) The correlation of doses and the recurrence rate was significantly
      observed: prophylactic effect tended to increase in proportion to increase of
      doses of both Mitomycin C and Cytosine Arabinoside.

PMID- 6426398
TI  - [Intraperitoneal administration of FT-207 for mouse peritonitis carcinomatosa].
AB  - The peritoneal surface of the lesion was observed after treatment by scanning
      electron microscopy to evaluate the anticancer effect of FT-207. FT-207 (1.0
      mg/day) was injected intraperitoneally to the DDN mice in which 3 X 10(7) MM2
      tumor cells were inoculated the day before treatment. The anticancer effect was
      examined from 2nd to 7th consecutive day after tumor cell implantation, and the
      following results were obtained. 1) In the early phase after injection of FT-207,
      many macrophage-like cells were observed on the peritoneal surface. 2) Each MM2
      tumor cell was covered by many macrophage-like cells, and these tumor cells were
      destroyed. 3) In the late phase after injection of FT-207, tumor cells were
      hyperplastic on the peritoneal surface, but less prominent than in the control
      group. 4) Effusion and adhesion in peritonitis carcinomatosa of FT-207 group were
      less than in the control group.

PMID- 6426399
TI  - [FT-207 and 5-FU concentrations in brain tumor tissues, plasma and CSF after
      administration of FT-207 suppository].
AB  - FT-207 suppository was administered to 19 patients with brain tumors. FT-207 and
      5-FU concentrations in tumor tissues and plasma were measured using chemical
      assay method. After operation, FT-207 and 5-FU concentrations in plasma and CSF
      were measured serially for 24 hours in some patients following administration of
      FT-207 suppository. Following results were obtained. 1) The level of 5-FU
      concentration in tumor tissues was higher than that of in plasma while the level
      of FT-207 concentration in tumor tissues was lower than that of in plasma. 2) The
      level of 5-FU concentration in CSF had been kept highly very longer time,
      compared with that of in plasma. On the other hand the level of FT-207
      concentration in plasma and CSF decreased rapidly. 3) About 0,05 mcg/ml of 5-FU
      in CSF would be maintained for 24 hours in patients following administration of
      FT-207 suppository (1 g, daily) for 3 days or more.

PMID- 6426400
TI  - [Clinical studies on preoperative abdominal arterial infusion of anticancer
      agents].
AB  - Operable patients with gastrointestinal cancer were injected once with MMC 0.4
      mg/kg, ADM 0.8 mg/kg or KW 2083 1 mg/kg through the abdominal artery 7 to 15 days
      before operation. Biopsy was made on liver tissues during operation, and changes
      of serum biochemical test values were observed before and after operation. In 7
      cases of MMC 20 mg arterial infusion, 7 cases of ADM 40 mg and 6 cases of KW 2083
      50 mg liver biopsy showed fibrosis around the central vein. Eosin bodies,
      neutrophils or necrotic lesions were observed in some other cases. Serum
      biochemical test values were transiently affected with anesthesia, but these
      changes will have no unfavorable influence on the results of operation and
      following treatment.

PMID- 6426401
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of antitumor activity of 5-FU and its derivatives-
      relationship between the inhibition of tumor growth and the inhibition of
      thymidylate synthetase in vivo].
AB  - The relationship between the antitumor activity and the inhibition of thymidylate
      synthase after oral administration of 5-FU, FT-207 or UFT was examined. The
      inhibition of tumor growth on sarcoma-180 after oral administration of 5-FU (20
      mg/kg), FT-207 (120 mg/kg) or UFT (30 mg/kg) was 40%, 50% or 70%, respectively.
      It was found that the inhibition of thymidylate synthase in sarcoma-180 tumor
      tissue after single oral administration of 5-FU (20 mg/kg), FT-207 (30 or 120
      mg/kg) or UFT (30 mg/kg) were about 45%, 20%, 50% or 65%, respectively, but the
      activities of other enzymes involved in DNA synthesis were not almost inhibited.
      Thymidylate synthase was inhibited more severely by oral administration of UFT
      (30 mg/kg). The activities of other enzymes were not inhibited even by continuous
      oral administration of these drugs for 6 or 11 days. The extent of inhibition of
      thymidylate synthase seemed to be parallel to that of inhibition of tumor growth.
      These results suggest that the inhibition of thymidylate synthase by FdUMP
      converted from 5-FU, FT-207 or UFT plays a major role in their antitumor actions.

PMID- 6426402
TI  - [Preoperative immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer combined with perifocal
      administration of OK-432].
AB  - OMF treatment consisting of perifocal administration of OK-432 associated with
      MMC and 5-FU was applied for 37 lesions of 35 cases including 2 with multiple
      cancer. The results obtained were as follows lesions. Macroscopical efficacy was
      rated as "good" in 12 lesions (32.4%), "fair" in 24 lesions (64.9%) and "poor" in
      1 case. Histological efficacy was assessed as "++" for 10 lesions (27%), and "+"
      for 16 lesions (43.2%). Taking "+" or higher histologically as "effective", the
      efficacy rate was approximately 71%. Efficacy rate for metastatic lymph nodes was
      approximately 61% in patients who underwent a curative operation. Patients who
      received non-curative operation showed a certain efficacy to some extent. Twenty
      one cases were judged as "S2" at operation. 11 cases as "se", and another 10
      cases as 2 cases of "ss beta" and 8 cases of "pm" Histologically . Seven cases of
      "pm" were considered either as "good" or Histological efficacy as "++" in terms
      of macroscopical efficacy.

PMID- 6426403
TI  - [Preclinical studies of intra-arterial chemotherapy using mitomycin C
      microspheres].
AB  - Heated albumin microspheres 45 +/- 8 microns dia. containing 5% mitomycin C were
      infused into rabbit femoral artery to assess the depot effects. MMC levels were
      measured in the muscle and VX -2 tumor tissues fed by the femoral artery as well
      as in the drainage vein blood. Furthermore, the histologic changes in the VX -2
      tumor and the MMC microspheres entrapped in the arterioles were surveyed
      microscopically. Drug concentration in the case of MMC microspheres was
      maintained at high levels in both tissue and venous blood over 4 hours, but in
      the rabbits infused conventional MMC, drug levels decreased below the assay
      limitation 2 hours after injection. The microscopic findings 2 weeks later
      revealed necrotic VX -2 tumor tissue as well as the MMC microspheres remaining in
      the arterioles .

PMID- 6426404
TI  - [The case studies on oral administration of tegafur encapsulated with slow
      releasing granule (SF-SP) for three rectal patients].
AB  - Three rectal cancer patients with partial response (PR) were obtained by oral
      administration of 800-1200 mg/day of SF-SP. One of them showed I-A grade and
      other I-B in Karnofsky evaluation.

PMID- 6426405
TI  - [Present status of endocrine therapy of breast cancer: a surgeon's view].
AB  - The present status of endocrine therapy for breast cancer was reviewed from the
      surgeon's point of view. Endocrine ablation therapy, such as oophorectomy,
      adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy, has been frequently used for the advanced
      breast cancer patients. More recently, however, major endocrine ablation therapy
      has been less the treatment of choice for advanced breast cancer, because an
      antiestrogen (tamoxifen) which is less toxic has been prevailing in the
      treatment. It was shown that after the breast cancer became refractory to
      tamoxifen, the major endocrine ablation therapy was effective particularly in ER
      (+) cancers, irrespective of the response to the antiestrogen. This suggests the
      significance of major endocrine ablation therapy as a second line therapy for
      advanced breast cancer patients. The adjuvant endocrine and/or chemotherapy for
      operable breast cancer patients was reviewed, with special reference to the
      ovarian failure due to endocrine or chemotherapeutic agents. A prospective
      randomized study of endocrine and/or chemotherapy for the adjuvant of mastectomy
      stratified by the presence or absence of ER in breast cancer tumors, has been
      performed in our hospital. Patients with ER (+) breast cancers were divided into
      3 groups: 1) tamoxifen 20 mg/day for 2 years (in premenopausal status, after
      oophorectomy), 2) chemotherapy with mitomycin C 20 mg/m2, iv, followed by
      administration of cyclophosphamide 60 mg/m2, po, 3) combination of tamoxifen and
      the chemotherapy. The chemotherapy alone or combination of chemotherapy and
      tamoxifen was given patients with ER (-) cancers. At September, 1983, 422
      patients took part in the trail, and the median follow-up period was 33 months
      (at least 9 months). The recurrence rate of the group treated with antiestrogen
      alone was shown to be similar to that in other treatment groups in ER (+) cases.

PMID- 6426406
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathy in Sezary syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Three patients with Sezary syndrome had monoclonal gammopathy: two had gammopathy
      of unknown significance and one had myeloma. The frequency of the association of
      Sezary syndrome and monoclonal gammopathy seems to be lower than previously
      suggested. However, it does emphasize that the presence of T-cell cutaneous
      disease does not preclude B-cell clonal proliferation.

PMID- 6426407
TI  - Macular skin lesion and monoclonal lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrates. Occurrence in
      primary Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
AB  - Macular skin lesions and extensive, heavy lymphoplasmacytoid cell infiltrates of
      the dermis were observed in a patient with primary IgM-kappa Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia. Direct immunofluorescent microscopy on tissue sections
      disclosed that the lymphoplasmacytoid cells had a monoclonal IgM-kappa origin.

PMID- 6426408
TI  - An animal model for the survival of tyrosinase isozymes in serum.
AB  - Two tyrosinase isozymes were purified from pigmented hamster melanoma and
      injected i.v. into rats. It was shown that while T1 (sialylated) isozyme survived
      in the circulation, native asialo (T2) isozyme and neuraminidase-desialylated T1
      isozyme disappeared from the circulation in a few minutes. Desialylated fetuin
      had a marked inhibitory effect on the removal of asialo-T1 tyrosinase. These data
      indicate that the enzyme tyrosinase shares the common pattern of clearance from
      circulation known for the majority of serum glycoproteins. The electrophoretic
      pattern of tyrosinase isozymes partially purified from the sera of melanoma
      bearing animals were compared with those from the soluble fraction of the tumors.
      In hamsters, melanoma tissue revealed both T1 and T2 isozymes while serum
      exhibited T1 and very weak T2, supporting the mechanism of clearance demonstrated
      in rats. In mice bearing Cloudman S-91 or B-16 melanomas, only T1 isozyme was
      seen in sera and in tumors.

PMID- 6426409
TI  - Release of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid from freshly isolated human
      keratinocytes.

PMID- 6426410
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in milk and blood of
      Canadian women during lactation.

PMID- 6426411
TI  - Uncoupling action of polychlorinated biphenyls (Kanechlor-400) on oxidative
      phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 6426412
TI  - [Rare postoperative complication in surgery of the ureterovesical junction].

PMID- 6426413
TI  - Documentation of care and prospective payment. One hospital's experience.
AB  - Hospitals are now being reimbursed by Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) for Medicare
      patients. The Johns Hopkins Hospital has worked successfully under this system
      for the past 5 years, with cost increases being maintained well below the
      national average. Allowable revenue varies considerably by diagnosis depending on
      such factors as secondary diagnoses, procedure, and patient age. Failure to
      document accurately may result in substantial loss of hospital income. More
      worrisome is the use of data by outside agencies to evaluate quality of care.
      Recent reports of mortality rates for surgery in Maryland hospitals and of
      permanent pacemaker use are illustrative. Conclusions were inaccurate because of
      inadequate documentation of diagnoses and procedures by physicians and inaccurate
      coding by quality assurance coordinators. Surgeons need to be aware that in the
      prospective payment era, accurate and complete documentation is essential and
      that their data are likely to be used for purposes other than monitoring fiscal
      performance.

PMID- 6426414
TI  - Indications, results, and complications of bronchoscopic carbon dioxide laser
      therapy.
AB  - A carbon dioxide laser coupled with a rigid ventilating bronchoscope has been
      used to treat 94 patients with symptomatic obstructing lesions of the trachea and
      main stem bronchi. Fifty-nine patients had malignant disease and 35 had benign
      disease. The results in the 35 patients with benign disease have been good except
      for patients with airway deformity who required subsequent reconstruction. The
      results in the 59 patients with malignant disease have been satisfactory. Six
      patients died in the immediate postoperative period, five died within 30 days of
      treatment, and of the remaining, 24 are alive with an average life span of 14.3
      months.

PMID- 6426415
TI  - [Organochlorine pesticides and PCB in human milk].

PMID- 6426416
TI  - [Chagas disease in Mexico].

PMID- 6426417
TI  - Functional residual lung capacity in rats affected by a carotid body stimulant.
AB  - The respiratory response and changes of functional residual lung capacity were
      measured in the rat after intravenous administration of the drug S 2620 in a dose
      of 0.4 mg/kg. This substance induced a significant decrease of arterial PCO2 and
      an increase of minute ventilation. The stimulating effect of S 2620 was maximal
      in the 10th min; after 60 min, ventilation and PCO2 approached control levels.
      The CO2 ventilatory response was determined 10 min after the administration of S
      2620. The slope of the control and S 2620 stimulated curves was similar with a
      shift towards higher ventilation and lower PCO2 after S 2620 administration.
      Functional capacity rose with increasing minute ventilation. The increase of
      functional residual capacity disappeared after bilateral cervical vagotomy.

PMID- 6426418
TI  - Protective effect of vitamin E against immunosuppression induced by adriamycin,
      mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in mice.

PMID- 6426419
TI  - Retrospective study of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula.

PMID- 6426420
TI  - [Enhancing effect of mitomycin C on hematogenous metastases of ascites hepatoma
      in rat].

PMID- 6426421
TI  - [Characterization of corn proteins of the cultivars Venezuela-1, Arichuna,
      Obregon and Venezuela-1 Opaque-2].
AB  - A study is presented on the protein composition of the Venezuelan corn cultivars
      Venezuela-1, Arichuna, Obregon and Venezuela-1 Opaque-2. The proteins were
      isolated and analyzed for their molecular weight and lysine and tryptophan
      content. Protein fractionation showed significant differences between normal corn
      cultivars and Opaque-2. The latter showed a low level of zein and a high content
      of alcohol-insoluble reduced glutelins (AIG), albumins and globulins in relation
      to the normal kernel. The relative increase of these protein fractions, rich in
      lysine and tryptophan, results in a higher concentration of these amino acids in
      the Opaque kernel, as revealed by the analysis of these compounds carried out in
      different cultivars. Electrophoretic analysis showed only small differences in
      the number and intensity of bands from the protein fractions of the maize
      cultivars under study.

PMID- 6426422
TI  - [Effect of carbamate pesticides on the induction of hepatic enzymes of the rat
      and on the microsomal phospholipid changes].
AB  - The influence of two carbamine pesticides i.e., manebe and carbaryl upon the
      hepatic microsomal enzymes induction in the rat was studied. Both substances,
      when administered by themselves, affect only slightly liver weight, P 450
      cytochrome rates and bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase, in the microsome fraction
      of the hepatic homogenate. It seems, however, that carbaryl is involved in
      producing a slight induction, whereas manebe acts inversely. Yet, manebe changes
      largely the induction effects of phenobarbital when associated with the latter.
      In the animal treated simultaneously with manebe and phenobarbital, the increase
      in the rate of hepatic microsomal P 450 cytochrome as well as the variations in
      the distribution of fatty acids in phospholipids, are significantly lower than in
      the animal solely treated with phenobarbital.

PMID- 6426423
TI  - [Angiography in bypass grafts of the left anterior descending coronary artery
      with the left internal mammary artery. Apropos of 100 control examinations with a
      maximum follow-up of 6 years and 8 months].
AB  - Ninety three patients underwent 100 angiographic control studies of a left
      internal mammary artery bypass of the left anterior descending artery. The
      controls were carried out between 11 days and 6 years 8 months after surgery.
      Seven patients underwent two control studies. The patients were divided into
      three groups:--60 early control angiographic studies (before 2 years);--16 late
      control angiographic studies (between 2 and 5 years);--24 very late systematic
      control angiographic studies (after 5 years). The patency rate of the arterial
      grafts was 99%. From the anatomical point of view, the arterial walls of the
      internal mammary artery appeared smooth and regular except in one case. There was
      no cases of bypass graft disease. The ratio of the diameters of the internal
      mammary and left anterior descending arteries was greater than or equal to 1 in
      93% of cases. The adaptation of the diameter of the internal mammary artery to
      that of the left anterior descending artery is an early phenomenon as shown by
      statistical and repeat control studies. The number of remaining collateral
      vessels does not appear to have an effect on the diameter of the internal mammary
      artery. Stenosis at the site of anastomosis was observed in 16% of cases. This
      seemed to be favoured when the angle subtended by the two vessels reached 90
      degrees. The haemodynamic changes of the coronary circulation (competition of
      flow, competition of flow in the distal vessels, reflux in the internal mammary
      graft) were comparable to those observed in aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass.

PMID- 6426424
TI  - [Physical and psychological risk factors of ischemic heart diseases. Apropos of a
      prospective survey in Marseilles].
AB  - The results of a survey carried out in Marseilles between 1972 and 1979 are
      reported. A common protocol was used to compare results with two other surveys
      performed conjointly in Paris and Brussels. The protocol was designed with
      special emphasis on the psychological factors with respect to the risk factors
      for ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Seven hundred and eighty six men in a
      Marseilles administrative department, aged 40 to 60 years (mean age 48.5 +/- 4.5
      years) were followed-up for 74 months. Apart from cardiovascular clinical
      examination with measurement of height, weight, blood pressure and ECG recording,
      the initial check-up included serum cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose
      determination and a study of psychological risk factors based on the Bortner's
      scale for the evaluation of type A profile, and on a questionnaire : the SHEPI
      for evaluation of the N score (neuroticism). The annual IHD incidence was 9.5%
      with 4.2% of major events (death or infarction), and 5.3% of minor events (angina
      pectoris, suggestive ECG changes). Age, tobacco consumption, average systolic
      blood pressure, serum cholesterol and obesity index were higher in patients who
      became ill than in those who remained healthy, but overall and separate analysis
      of major and minor events showed no significant difference apart from age. On the
      other hand, the study of increased risk according to the level of each of these
      major factors gave significantly positive results except for the serum glucose
      level. The correlations between incidence of IDH and the value of each risk
      factor were not always the same according to the clinical expression (major or
      minor events). Psychological factors also differed according to the clinical
      expression of IHD : the Bortner scale was higher in patients developing IHD than
      in healthy subjects, and higher in those who suffered major events than in those
      who suffered minor events. On the other hand, the N score was higher in patients
      with minor events than in those suffering major events. These differences which
      were not statistically significant in the Marseilles study alone, became
      significant in the Franco-Belgian cooperative study. The increased risk with the
      number of associated factors (including psychological) is significant from the
      association of 2 factors, but only in the fifth decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6426425
TI  - [Significance of a supraventricular arrhythmia precipitated during an
      electrophysiological study].
AB  - The clinical history and 24 hour Holter monitoring of 749 patients without ECG
      appearances of ventricular preexcitation were compared with the results of
      electrophysiological investigations to determine whether supraventricular
      arrhythmias initiated during endocavitary electrophysiological investigations had
      any pathological significance. Endocavitary studies were undertaken to
      investigate symptoms of dizziness, syncope and/or conduction defects except in
      the group of paroxysmal junctional tachycardia (PJT) where the indication was
      investigation of a tachycardia (78 cases). In 544 patients (Group I) no
      arrhythmias were initiated. Thirty five patients (6.4%) had supraventricular
      tachycardia (SVT), atrial flutter (AFI), atrial tachycardia (PAT), atrial
      fibrillation (AF) or PJT. The anterograde Wenckebach point (AV) was over 200/min
      in 22 cases (4%). In 400 patients the Wenckebach point or the retrograde Mobitz
      II (VA') point was 170/min in 56 patients (14%). In 28 patients with spontaneous
      SVT in whom retrograde conduction was studied, 3 had a Wenckebach 200/min (17.7%)
      and 9 had a Wenckebach point (VA') greater than 170/min (32%). In 86 patients
      (Group II) paired atrial stimulation induced PJT. Seventy nine patients (91.8%)
      had PJT : AV was greater than 200/min in 19 cases (22%) and VA was greater than
      or equal to 170/min in 69 cases (80.2%). In 119 patients (Group III) a
      supraventricular tachycardia (other than PJT) was induced. Manipulation of the
      catheter in the atrium led to AF, AFI or PAT in 9 patients. Eight patients had
      SVT (80.8%), AV was greater than 200/min in one case (11.1%) and VA' greater than
      or equal to 170/min in 5 of the 7 cases in which it was measured (71.4%). Paired
      atrial stimulation induced atrial echos in 63 patients; 47 presented spontaneous
      SVT : AV was greater than 200/min in 7 cases (11.2%) and VA' greater than or
      equal to 170/min in 23 of the 60 patients investigated (38.3%). Paired atrial
      extrastimuli triggered AF or PAT in 18 cases : 16 cases (88.8%) had spontaneous
      SVT. AV was greater than 200/min in 3 cases (16.6%), VA' was greater than or
      equal to 170/min in 10 of the 17 cases investigated (58.8%) : 11 of these
      patients also had atrial echos. Fixed atrial stimulation (less than 200/min)
      triggered AF or AFI in 14 patients. Nine had spontaneous SVT (64.3%) : AV was
      greater than 200/min in 2 cases (14.2%) and VA' greater than or equal 170/min in
      2 of the 10 cases studied (20%). Ventricular stimulation induced SVT in 15
      patients, 14 of whom had SVT (92%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426426
TI  - [Subvalvular aortic stenosis in adults. Apropos of 31 cases].
AB  - The aim of this cooperative study was to analyse the clinical profile of
      subvalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) in adults. Thirty one cases were collected :
      patients aged 17 to 60 years (average 34 years). The diagnosis was confirmed in
      all patients either at surgery (30 cases) or at autopsy (1 case). The overall
      incidence of SVAS in patients with fixed obstruction to left ventricular ejection
      operated in the same period was 3.5%. Associated congenital malformations were
      detected in 15% of cases but intracardiac shunts were rare. Adult SVAS is a purer
      malformation than in children, probably because of spontaneous and surgical
      selection. The anatomical type of stenosing lesion in this series was a subaortic
      ring or membrane; 45% of patients, usually over 40 years of age (7 out of 9) had
      localised septal hypertrophy at the level of the diaphragmatic obstruction. The
      clinical presentation was that of mixed aortic disease with associated stenosis
      and regurgitation. Over 80% of patients had aortic incompetence diagnosed
      clinically (26 out of 31 cases) or on aortography (24 out of 25 cases); the
      regurgitant flow was assessed as mild in 15 cases, moderate in 6 cases and severe
      in 3 cases. There were obvious valvular lesions at surgery in 19 cases,
      especially in patients over 40 years of age (8 out of 9 cases). The mechanism was
      variable : non-specific (8 cases), destructive (6 cases), rheumatic (2 cases) or
      congenital (3 cases). Bacterial endocarditis was particularly common (26% of
      cases). Adult SVAS is a particularly difficult clinical diagnosis : the
      electrocardiogram and chest X-ray are not very informative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426427
TI  - [Hemodynamic data during muscular exercise after myocardial infarction.
      Correlations with coronaro-ventriculographic data].
AB  - Forty six patients aged 25 to 67 years (average : 52 years) underwent measurement
      of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), systemic pressure and cardiac output (Fick)
      at rest and during exercise in the recumbent position 12 +/- 3 weeks after
      uncomplicated myocardial infarction; the results were then compared with those of
      coronary angiography and right anterior oblique monoplane left ventriculography.
      The site of infarction was anterior in 18 cases and postero-diaphragmatic in 28
      cases; it was non-transmural in 4 cases. Twenty patients (43%) had multivessel
      disease; this was equally common in anterior and inferior wall infarction.
      Regional wall abnormalities of 3 or more segments were observed in 14 cases. Mean
      PAP increased from 12,3 +/- 4,6 Torr at rest to 27,8 +/- 10,5 Torr on exercise.
      In 17 patients (Group A) PAP was normal at rest and during exercise (10 +/- 2
      Torr and 18 +/- 3 Torr respectively); 25 patients (Group B) had normal resting
      PAP (12 +/- 3 Torr) but an abnormal rise on exercise (32 +/- 8 Torr); in 4
      patients (Group C) PAP was abnormal at rest (24 +/- 4 Torr) and on exercise (44
      +/- 7 Torr). The increase in PAP on exercise was inversely correlated to the
      ejection fraction (p less than 0.001) and related to the extent of left
      ventricular hypokinesia (p less than 0.001). Patients in Group A had higher
      ejection fractions (p less than 0.05), dp/dt/p index (p less than 0.01) and left
      ventricular compliance (p less than 0.01), lower resting (p less than 0.01) and
      exercise (p less than 0.05) systemic pressures and small regional wall
      abnormalities (p less than 0.01) than patients in Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426428
TI  - [Hemodynamics and M mode echocardiography of the consequences of ventriculo
      atrial conduction in the human].
AB  - A haemodynamic and M mode echocardiographic study of 57 patients hospitalised for
      chronic, symptomatic 2nd or 2rd degree AV block was carried out after 3 periods
      of pacing, each lasting 2 hours : 1) sequential AV pacing ( SAV ) with a 200 ms
      delay, considered as the mode of reference; 2) sequential ventriculo-atrial
      pacing ( SVA ) with the same sequential delay, recreating equivalent conditions
      of 1/1 ventriculo-atrial conduction (VAC); 3) ventricular pacing (V) recreating
      complete AV dissociation ( CAVD ). The pacing rate was the same for each patient
      (89 +/- 9/min). In comparison with SAV , SVA caused much worse haemodynamic
      changes than V : large increases in mean atrial pressures (+161% and +64% in RAP
      and PCP respectively); "canon" atrial A waves which were poorly tolerated (mean
      amplitude 14 mmHg and 18 mmHg on the RA and PCP waves respectively); in some
      cases, a large fall in blood pressure was observed due to the failure of systemic
      resistances to increase and compensate for the constant decrease in pump function
      (mean reduction of 23% of cardiac index; 29% of LV work index). These changes are
      much more pronounced in diseased than in healthy hearts, especially in the
      presence of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiography showed the main
      cause of these haemodynamic changes to be a reduction in ventricular filling with
      significant reductions in LV systolic and diastolic dimensions, changes in the
      mitral valve echos (reduction in the opening and closing velocities, delayed
      closure), probably related to a decrease in transvalvular blood flow, and
      decreased regional contractility of the interventricular septum. These
      observations justify an increase in the indications of modes of pacing
      maintaining permanent atrio-ventricular sequence (VVI pacing at slow rates; AAI
      pacing, DVI or DDD pacing in cases of abnormal AV conduction with VAC, especially
      in cases of sick sinus syndrome with permanent bradycardia). These modes of
      pacing are particularly beneficial when the electrical abnormality is associated
      with a decompensated cardiac lesion, or with decreased ventricular compliance or
      mitral regurgitation.

PMID- 6426429
TI  - [Comparison of 14 methods for analysing left ventricle segmental kinetics by
      cineangiography].
AB  - Fourteen methods of analysing left ventricular wall motion on 30 degrees right
      anterior oblique left ventricular cineangiography were compared in 70 cases using
      a HP 9845 B computer. The methods included the superposition of the centres of
      gravity, perpendicular to the long axis, Leighton's Rickard 's, Ingels ' and
      others to determine the influence of the use of different anatomical points of
      reference on the results. A score was given for each programme in comparison with
      three groups of normal angiography, anterior infarction and inferior infarction
      limited to a single zone with no lesion on the opposite coronary artery. The
      score was the ratio of radial shortening of normal wall motion to that of the
      infarcted wall. The fourteen methods were divided into 4 groups according to the
      type of infarct studied (anterior or inferior) and according to the use of either
      percentage radial shortening or the ratio of the surfaces described by these
      radii and the systolic and diastolic contours. The results underlined the
      importance of the anatomical references : aortic orifice and apex for centering
      systolic and diastolic contours. The methods which did not take these factors
      into account or which did not correct for them in diastole and systole gave poor
      results. The centre of gravity of the systolic contour was also an unreliable
      reference point. The three methods which gave the best results, independent of
      the site of infarction or the method of calculation (ratio of the radii or
      surfaces) were all based on the long axis from the aortic orifice to the
      apex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426430
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of mitral stenosis : reassessment of the M mode
      echocardiographic index].
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients (32 female and 18 male) with mitral stenosis aged 11
      to 60 years underwent cardiac catheterisation and echocardiography to determine
      the value of M mode in assessing the degree of stenosis. Mitral stenosis was pure
      in 47 cases; isolated in 31 cases; associated with minimal aortic regurgitation
      in 11 cases, with mild mitral incompetence in 3 cases and with tricuspid
      incompetence in 5 cases (all patients underwent aortography and left
      ventriculography). Mitral valve surface area (MSA) calculated from the Gorlin
      formula correlated well with the anatomical mitral valve area (r = 0.88) in the
      30 operated patients and enabled the patients to be divided into three subgroups
      : Group I : 36 patients with severe mitral stenosis; MS less than 1.3 cm2
      including 29 with very severe stenosis : MS less than 1.0 cm2; Group II : 9 cases
      of moderate stenosis (1.3 cm2 less than MS less than or equal to 1.8 cm2), and
      Group III : 8 cases of mild mitral stenosis (MS greater than 1.8 cm2). The
      indices correlating with haemodynamic MSA were, in decreasing order of
      significance : EF slope of early diastolic closure of the anterior leaflet (r =
      0.74); maximal EE' diastolic separation of the two leaflets (r = 0.57); the ratio
      of left atrium/aortic root dimensions (r = 0.39) and the Q-mitral closure
      interval (r = 0.31). The left atrial emptying index, the mitral valve closure
      index and changes in the rapid phase of left ventricular filling did not
      correlate with the degree of stenosis. An EF slope of less than 15 mm/sec had a
      sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 93% and was a satisfactory method for
      distinguishing patients in Group I from those in Group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426431
TI  - [Acute myocarditis simulating an anterior infarction rupture. Apropos of 2
      cases].
AB  - The first case report concerns a 31 year old woman presenting clinically and
      electrocardiographically as an anteroseptal myocardial infarction complicated by
      cardiogenic shock with equalization of right heart diastolic pressures. Coronary
      angiography performed under circulatory assistance was normal. The patient
      recovered, and clinical examination 4 years after the acute episode is absolutely
      normal. The second case was a 37 year old man admitted in cardiogenic shock
      thought to be due to a large anterior myocardial infarct. Catheterisation showed
      equalization of right heart diastolic pressures. Pericardial aspiration was
      negative and the most likely diagnosis appeared to be a localised rupture of the
      heart. The patient underwent emergency cardiac surgery but no infarct scar was
      observed and opening the pericardium did not improve the haemodynamics. Coronary
      angiography was carried out at the 24th hour under circulatory assistance and was
      found to be normal. The diagnosis was corrected to that of acute myocarditis and
      5 months after the acute episode clinical cure was confirmed by normal
      echocardiography and angiography. The only positive aetiological finding in this
      case was the serology to chlamydia trachomatis which as strongly positive at
      increasing titres. Chlamydia was isolated from the patient's urethra and a
      chlamydia trachomatis exocervicitis was also found in the partner. This appears
      to be the first reported case of chlamydia trachomatis acute myocarditis in the
      adult.

PMID- 6426432
TI  - [Determination of the optimal dose of captopril in the treatment of severe
      cardiac failure by hourly hemodynamic monitoring].
AB  - The optimal dose of Captopril was evaluated by hourly haemodynamic monitoring in
      10 patients with chronic congestive cardiac failure (Stage IV of the NYHA
      Classification) after administration of 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg of Captopril. A
      similar improvement was observed in all the parameters considered with all three
      dosages. At its peak effect (90 minutes) 25 mg of Captopril caused a fall in
      pulmonary capillary, and mean pulmonary artery pressures, and a fall in systemic
      resistance of 40%, 20% and 30% respectively; with 50 mg of Captopril, the effect
      was a fall of 36%, 24% and 35% respectively. The cardiac index rose by 17% with
      25 mg of Captopril, 28% with 50 mg and 12% with 100 mg of Captopril. Although the
      fall in pulmonary capillary pressure remained significant up to the 6th hour, the
      improvement in cardiac index was not significant after the 3rd hour. After 8
      days' treatment, plasma renin activity increased from 7.01 +/- 4.68 to 23.6 +/-
      18.3 ng/ml/hour (p less than 0.02) and serum aldosterone fell from 1.175 +/- 386
      p. moles/l to 497 +/- 277 p. moles/l (p less than 0.001). There was no
      correlation between basal plasma renin activity and pre- or post-therapeutic
      systemic resistances. The clinical and haemodynamic improvement was sustained
      after 2 months' treatment in 5 of these patients without side effects. Increasing
      the dosage of Captopril does not reinforce or prolong its action; moderate doses
      (25 mg) are as effective as high doses (100 mg). Captopril, which acts by
      inhibiting the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system is the current treatment of
      choice in severe refractory cardiac failure.

PMID- 6426433
TI  - [Endocavitary removal of catheter fragments which had migrated into central
      cardiac cavities].
AB  - Five cases of endocavitary recovery of embolised fragments of catheter are
      reported. In three cases, the Dotter apparatus was used with a percutaneous
      approach. In the other two cases, a Dormia catheter was introduced after surgical
      venous cut-down. The embolised catheters were all recovered successfully in
      periods ranging from 10 minutes to 1 hour. Local anaesthetic was used in one
      case. The interval between initial rupture and recovery of the catheter ranged
      from several hours to 2 months. No complications occurred during or after these
      manoeuvres. This is a simple, rapid, and economical method which may save the
      patient from thoracic surgery, and should always be kept in mind.

PMID- 6426434
TI  - [Diagnosis of a Q3 wave: value of the inspiratory test].
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the value of the inspiratory test on
      isolated Q waves in Lead III. The ECGs of 25 normal young adults with isolated Q
      waves in Lead III were compared with those of 86 patients with documented postero
      diaphragmatic myocardial infarction (62 chronic, 21 recent). The criteria of
      abnormality of the Q waves were : duration 0.04 sec and amplitude 25% of R3.
      Thirty six per cent of the ECGs of the 25 normal subjects with the Q3 pattern met
      these criteria. Q3 post infarction changes may lose these pathological
      characteristics; they were absent in 23% of patients with chronic infarction and
      17% of patients with recent infarction. Isolated Q3 changes, therefore, pose a
      difficult diagnostic problem. Lyle 's inspiratory test which is still widely used
      as a discriminating factor led to a reduction of the pathological Q wave
      amplitude and duration, both in normal subjects and in-patients who had
      documented infarction. The only difference between the 2 groups was the
      percentage decrease. Inspiration led to a reduction in the amplitude and duration
      of the Q3 waves in 89% of normal subjects, 58% of patients with chronic
      infarction and 20% of patients with recent infarction. Inspiration may even lead
      to the complete disappearance of the Q3 waves (10% of chronic infarcts). No
      correlations were found between the severity of the anatomical lesions (coronary
      or ventricular) and the reduction of Q3 waves. These results suggest that Lyle 's
      inspiratory test is a poor method of discriminating between normal and
      pathological isolated Q3 waves.

PMID- 6426435
TI  - [Pressure wave morphology and cardiovascular aging].
AB  - The effects of age, pre-load and heart rate on the juxta-aortic pressure wave
      form in an artificial ejection circuit were studied in 25 isolated perfused rat
      hearts beating at a controlled rate. The hearts were taken from male Wistar rats
      aged 4, 8, 12, 16 and 22 months. Each heart was submitted to 3 pre-loads by
      adjusting the level of left atrium perfusion to 15, 20, 25 cm H2O. Five different
      heart rates (300, 240, 198, 174 and 150/min) were imposed at each level of pre
      load by pacing the interatrial septum after destroying the sinoatrial node. Age,
      increasing pre-load and bradycardia produced similar changes in the systolic part
      of the wave characterised by a delayed peak. The effects of these three factors
      were significant and independent and corresponded to significant changes of the
      harmonic composition of the pressure wave. In these three conditions, the
      amplitude of the first harmonic of the pressure increased significantly compared
      with the second, third and fourth harmonics. The predominance of the amplitude of
      the first harmonic is characteristic of pressure waves with delayed systolic
      summits . The linear character of the physical properties of the circuit was
      tested experimentally. A change in the wave form at a fixed rate is explained by
      a modification of ventricular ejection which is therefore necessarily present
      when pre-load is increased and the age of the heart varies. On the other hand,
      the effect of rate changes on the wave form are explained essentially by the
      interplay of different zones of the impedence curve of the circuit.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426436
TI  - [Exclusive parenteral nutrition in children. Influence of continuous or cyclic
      intake on the utilization of food].
AB  - A continuous measurement of the energetic consumption and a nutritional
      evaluation were performed over 24 hours in two comparable groups of children
      under cyclic or continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Over the 24 hours,
      energetic consumptions and nitrogenous retentions were equal in both groups. In
      cases submitted to continuous TPN, a similar utilization of nutriments was
      observed during the day and night periods, with global predominance of
      carbohydrate oxidation and of lipogenesis. In cases submitted to cyclic TPN,
      night and day utilization of nutriments was significantly different, with
      important utilization of glycogen and lipid stocks during the day. Thus, cyclic
      TPN allows a more important mobilization of the energetic stocks and physical
      activity during the day than continuous TPN and might change the quality of the
      weight gain and avoid an unnecessary storage of lipid deposits.

PMID- 6426437
TI  - [Mediastinal emphysema in diabetic ketoacidosis. 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report 2 cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum observed in 2 male
      children aged 11 and 9 years respectively, during a bout of diabetic
      ketoacidosis. This association is probably not uncommon. The course of the
      pneumomediastinum is usually rapidly favorable. Its pathogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6426438
TI  - Lithium ratio in vitro. Diagnosis and lithium carbonate response in psychotic
      patients.
AB  - The distribution of RBC lithium ratios in vitro in a recently hospitalized
      psychiatric population was found to be multimodal. Psychotic patients who had an
      antipsychotic response during open trials of lithium carbonate alone were
      identified with high sensitivity (89%), but low specificity (51%) before drug
      treatment, by lithium ratios that were in the extreme modes of the distribution
      (less than 0.30 or greater than 0.38). Diagnostic efficiency of the test was 61%.
      The DSM-III diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder demonstrated 90% diagnostic
      efficiency in predicting response/nonresponse during treatment with lithium
      carbonate alone. A subgroup of the psychotic disorders was similar to affective
      disorders with respect to course of illness, biological characteristics, and
      response to lithium carbonate.

PMID- 6426439
TI  - [Bacteriological findings in a group of students from designated health sector].
AB  - The results of a pharyngeal swab bacteriological examination carried on all first
      year primary schoolchildren in a local health area are presented. Beta-haemolytic
      streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus coagulase + and Corynebacterium diphteriae
      percentages are illustrated, together with observations of a prophylactic and
      curative nature.

PMID- 6426440
TI  - [Morphologic characteristics of locus coeruleus neurons after selective chemical
      damage to the catecholaminergic system of the brain].
AB  - The initial part of the noradrenergic cerebral system--the locus caeruleus
      neurons--has been studied light and electron microscopically at various time
      after injection of 6- hydrodopamine (6-OHDA), a substance possessing a selective
      neurotoxic effect on the catecholaminergic mediatory system. Intracisternal
      injection of 6-OHDA (300 mcg) produces a number of reactive rearrangements in the
      neurons and large dendrites. Nevertheless, the death of the neural cells is not
      observed even by the 36th day.

PMID- 6426441
TI  - Antibodies reactive with intermediate filament proteins: new tools for the
      pathologist.

PMID- 6426442
TI  - [Mycoplasma placentitis].
AB  - The results of the study of 25 placentas are presented. The condition of placenta
      was evaluated by light and immunofluorescent microscopy using morphometry. The
      data obtained were compared with the content of antibodies in the blood of
      fetuses and their mothers, as well as with the results of clinical observations
      of pregnant women and babies, and, if the latter died, with morphological changes
      in their organs. The possibility of development of mycoplasmal affection of
      placenta with the development of typical changes analogous to those observed in
      this infection in other organs was established. Mycoplasma were found in the
      changed cells. Different variants of the influence of placenta involvement on the
      development of the fetus are discussed.

PMID- 6426443
TI  - Cerebral ischemia in the presence of lupus anticoagulant.
AB  - Two patients with manifestations of cerebral ischemia were found to have a
      circulating coagulation inhibitor. This immunoglobulin, termed lupus
      anticoagulant, results in a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. Paradoxically,
      it is usually associated with a thrombotic tendency rather than a bleeding
      diathesis. It is most commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus, which our
      patients did not have. These two patients represent the interesting phenomenon of
      cerebral ischemia in the presence of an endogenous inhibitor of coagulation.

PMID- 6426444
TI  - Misdiagnosis of complex absence seizures.
AB  - Video-EEG monitoring disclosed absence seizures in five patients who were treated
      for partial seizures. Analysis of the historical and video data showed the
      presence of several potentially misleading ictal manifestations as follows:
      unidirectional head and/or eye turning, symmetric clonic activity, urinary
      incontinence, loss of balance causing injuries, focal clonic activity, and de
      novo automatisms. Without EEG correlation, complex absence seizures may be
      difficult to differentiate from other types of seizures. When correctly
      diagnosed, appropriate therapy may improve seizure control.

PMID- 6426445
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of sulphated glycosaminoglycans by bovine peridontal
      ligament fibroblast cultures.
AB  - The cultures were allowed to incorporate 35SO2-4 for various periods of time. 35S
      labelled macromolecules were isolated from the medium, a trypsin digest of the
      cells and the cell residue. Ion-exchange chromatography separated the radioactive
      polysaccharides into heparan sulphate and a galactosaminoglycan population. Most
      heparan sulphate was in the trypsin digest and cell residue fractions. The
      galactosaminoglycan fractions were investigated by differential degradations with
      chondroitinase ABC and AC and ethanol fractionation. The medium
      galactosaminoglycans contained both glucuronic and iduronic acid residues and
      existed in copolymeric structures as chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate
      hybrid molecules. Dermatan sulphate was also detected. In contrast, the trypsin
      digest fraction contained mainly chondroitin sulphate-like molecules.

PMID- 6426446
TI  - Total joint replacements, hip and knee. A benefit analysis.

PMID- 6426447
TI  - Metabolism of pyruvate and citrate in lactobacilli.
AB  - Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii , L. lactis
      and L. plantarum contained a pyruvate oxidase for the oxidation of pyruvate to
      acetyl phosphate and acetate. The presence of an acetate kinase converted the
      acetyl phosphate to acetate. L. casei and L. plantarum produced lactate and
      acetoin, in addition to acetate, under the conditions used while L. casei also
      produced diacetyl. L. casei and L. plantarum were the only species to utilize
      citrate. L. helveticus and L. helveticus subsp. jugurti did not utilize pyruvate
      under the conditions used.

PMID- 6426448
TI  - Stress suppression of growth hormone secretion in the rat: effects of disruption
      of inhibitory noradrenergic afferents to the median eminence.
AB  - The participation of a growth hormone (GH) inhibitory noradrenergic input to the
      median eminence in stress-induced suppression of rat GH secretion was
      investigated in animals with median eminence catecholamine lesions produced by
      intravenous injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Unstressed lesioned rats
      exhibited an enhanced frequency of GH secretory bursts, but both intact and
      lesioned rats responded to stress with suppression of GH (controls: 56%
      suppression, 6-OHDA lesioned: 43% suppression, not significantly different). Thus
      noradrenergic projections to the median eminence, if they participate at all in
      stress-induced GH suppression, appear to have only a minor role. This study does
      not exclude the possibility that circulating adrenaline of adrenal medullary
      origin might obscure defects in GH control produced by noradrenergic denervation
      of the median eminence.

PMID- 6426449
TI  - Adherence of murine peripheral blood eosinophils and neutrophils to the different
      parasitic stages of Nematospiroides dubius.
AB  - Eosinophils and neutrophils, purified by density gradient centrifugation from the
      blood of infected mice resistant to reinfection, were tested for their ability to
      adhere to the different parasitic larval stages of the murine nematode parasite
      Nematospiroides dubius. Cells were tested for adherence to larvae which had been
      sensitised with immune mouse serum (IMS) or normal mouse serum (NMS) in the
      presence of CA2+ and Mg2+ ions. EDTA, or EGTA. Differences were observed in the
      degree of cell adherence to the different stages of the parasite. However, the
      adherence of the two cell types to any given stage of the parasite was similar.
      Adherence to the sheathed infective third-stage (L3) larvae, 96 h post-infective
      larvae and to adult worms depended to a large degree on conditions suitable for
      complement activation (viz. fresh serum and the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions).
      Complement was activated both via the alternative pathway by the parasite itself
      and via the classical pathway by parasite-bound antibodies. In these conditions,
      cell adherence probably occurred predominantly through the interaction of
      leucocyte third component of complement (C3) receptors with parasite-bound C3. In
      contrast, adherence of cells to exsheathed L3 and to the 48 h and 72 h post
      infective larval stages appeared to involve antibody/Fc receptor as well as C3/C3
      receptor interaction. The data indicate that N. dubius may undergo a series of
      antigenic changes during its life cycle and that antibodies capable of mediating
      granulocyte attachment are elicited predominantly against the early tissue
      developmental forms of the parasite.

PMID- 6426450
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunoassays for antibodies against Vibrio cholerae.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde-treated V. cholerae organisms bind firmly to the surfaces of
      plastic microELISA plates, thus providing a stable immobilized antigen for use in
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum absorption and ELISA-inhibition
      experiments indicate that, in addition to detecting natural antibodies in normal
      rat serum, the immobilized antigen may be used to quantitate specific anti-V.
      cholerae antibodies induced in rats by injection of live organisms. Apart from
      serotypically specific anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies, the reaction
      with immobilized organisms seems to involve antibodies common to Inaba and Ogawa
      serotypes; it is suggested that these antibodies are primarily directed against
      antigens of the outer membrane protein complex of V. cholerae cells. These
      findings have led to the development of an indirect ELISA method which
      quantitates levels of antibodies that react with heat-sensitive surface antigens
      of V. cholerae without involvement of anti-LPS antibodies. When used in
      conjunction with the indirect LPS-ELISA, the test has been found to provide a
      more detailed description of the serum antibody responses of rats to parenteral
      injections of live V. cholerae than has been reported previously.

PMID- 6426451
TI  - Pancreatin-EDTA treatment affects buoyancy of cells in Cohn fraction V protein
      density gradients without residual effect on cell size.
AB  - The buoyancy of suspension-grown Mastocytoma P815 X-2 cells in albumin-rich Cohn
      fraction V protein (CFVP) density gradients was found to be affected by prior
      incubation of the cells in pancreatin-EDTA salt solution. Whereas in pH 5.2 CFVP,
      pancreatin-EDTA treated cells behaved as if of reduced density when compared with
      the control 'undigested' group, in pH 7.3 CFVP they behaved as if of increased
      density. By contrast, pancreatin-EDTA treatment had no effect on the buoyancy of
      mastocytoma cells in polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated colloidal silica (PVP-CS,
      Percoll T.M.) density gradients of either pH 5.2 or pH 7.3. As cell size
      determinations failed to reveal alterations in cell size either as a direct
      result of pancreatin-EDTA treatment or as a combined consequence of such
      treatment and exposure to CFVP either with or without centrifugation, a mechanism
      involving a change in cell density other than during the centrifugation process
      itself seems unlikely. Binding studies employing 125I-CFVP, although indicating
      that CFVP bound to cells at 4 degrees, failed to reveal a pancreatin-EDTA
      treatment-related difference in the avidity of this binding. Although the
      mechanism of the pancreatin-EDTA-induced buoyancy shift in CFVP remains obscure,
      the absence of such an effect in PVP-CS suggests that the latter cell separation
      solution may more accurately be used to determine cell density.

PMID- 6426452
TI  - Breathing during sleep: the responses to asphyxia and prochlorperazine in normal
      subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - The effects of sleep and prochlorperazine (12.5 mg intravenous bolus) on the
      ventilatory and arousal responses to asphyxia were studied in normal subjects and
      patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The ventilatory response to asphyxia
      was reduced during non-rapid eye movement sleep in the six normal subjects
      studied (1.93 +/- 0.18 l min-1.% SaO2 awake vs. 1.01 +/- 0.10 l min-1.% SaO2
      asleep; mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.01) (SaO2 = arterial oxygen saturation). In
      the two normal subjects studied during sleep following prochlorperazine
      administration, ventilatory responsiveness was increased (p less than 0.05) but
      arousal response to asphyxia was depressed (p less than 0.025). Although
      prochlorperazine increased waking ventilatory responsiveness to asphyxia in five
      of six patients with OSA (2.26 +/- 0.44 l min-1.% SaO2 vs. 4.77 +/- 1.39 l min
      1.% SaO2; mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.01), the drug had no clinically significant
      effect on upper airway obstruction during sleep; in three patients, apnea
      frequency was slightly reduced but in four of six patients severity of hypoxemia
      during apnea was increased with drug administration. We conclude that
      prochlorperazine administration is unlikely to benefit patients with obstructive
      sleep apnea despite its ventilatory effects during wakefulness and sleep. This
      lack of effect may be explained by separate effects of the drug on ventilatory
      and arousal responses to asphyxia.

PMID- 6426453
TI  - Post partum nephrotic syndrome in mixed essential cryoglobulinemia.
AB  - The clinical and histological findings of a patient with mixed essential
      cryoglobulinemia (MECG) who developed post partum renal failure and the nephrotic
      syndrome are described. The renal insufficiency responded dramatically to
      intensive plasma exchange and longer term immunosuppression with associated
      resolution of the renal histological changes. To our knowledge deterioration of
      renal function in the post partum period has not been previously described in the
      syndrome of MECG.

PMID- 6426454
TI  - Spondylo-epiphysealis dysplasia tarda (report of 7 cases).

PMID- 6426455
TI  - Toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 in chickens given feed contaminated with
      Aspergillus flavus and reduction of the toxicity by activated charcoal and some
      chemical agents.
AB  - Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357 was grown on enriched long-grain rice for 7-10 days
      to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The quantity of AFB1 in moldy rice was determined
      by thin-layer chromatography using ultraviolet light. When the dried moldy rice
      powder was fed to day-old Hubbard X Hubbard broiler chicks in unmedicated feed
      (AFB1 level 10 ppm) for 8 weeks, there was a profound reduction in weight gain
      and feed consumption. Chickens fed AFB1 developed severe liver damage, as
      determined by the concentration of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and by the
      activities of microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase and serum glutamic
      oxalacetic transaminase. However, activated charcoal, reduced glutathione,
      cysteine, selenium (as sodium selenite), beta-carotene, and fisetin administered
      orally considerably reduced the toxicity of AFB1 in the experimental chickens.

PMID- 6426456
TI  - Incidence of cutaneous diphtheria in Bangladesh.
AB  - Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) was isolated from 23 (7%) skin
      ulcers out of 327 cases studied. Eight (33%) of the 23 positive cases belonged to
      the age group of 6 to 10 years. Of the 19 strains of C. diphtheriae typed, 18
      (95%) were gravis and of which 14 (77%) were toxigenic. More than 90% of the C.
      diphtheriae positive ulcer cases had serum anti-toxin level at or above the
      protective level as against 49% of control. No diphtheria bacilli were isolated
      from throat of any of the skin positive cases. All the ulcers from which C.
      diphtheriae were isolated also harboured other definite wound pathogens. It is
      believed that the presence of toxigenic C. diphtheriae in skin wound might play
      an important role in the spread of faucial diphtheriae. It is evident from serum
      anti-toxin level that infected persons develop natural immunity.

PMID- 6426457
TI  - [Modulation of cell surface structures. Characterization of differentiating
      thymus lymphocytes as well as "entdifferentiated" epithelial and lymphoblastic
      cells].

PMID- 6426458
TI  - Intergenus cell fusion between L-form cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Intergenus cell fusion of prokaryotic bacteria was demonstrated for the first
      time; namely, fusion products doubly resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline
      were produced by polyethylene glycol treatment of a mixture of the streptomycin
      resistant L-form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and tetracycline-resistant L-form of
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6426459
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of HBeAg employing beta-D-galactosidase.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for hepatitis B e antigen
      (HBeAg) was developed employing beta-D-galactosidase conjugated with antibody to
      HBeAg (anti-HBe) and using m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester as the
      coupling reagent. The experimental conditions for quantitative assay of HBeAg
      were determined. The presence of rheumatoid factor in test sera did not affect
      the results. This assay system is more sensitive than the micro-Ouchterlony
      method and as sensitive as radioimmunoassay. The use of beta-D-galactosidase for
      ELISA in the field of virology is recommended.

PMID- 6426460
TI  - Cross-linking in type IV collagen.
AB  - Type IV collagen could not be extracted from human placenta using 6M-urea
      containing 10mM-dithiothreitol, indicating that the type IV molecule is
      stabilized within the basement membrane by covalent cross-links. However, various
      forms of type IV collagen molecule were extractable by means of increasingly
      severe proteolytic conditions. Type IV collagen tetramers ('spiders') lacking
      only the C-terminal globular region (NC1) were further digested to the 'long
      form' 7S fragment and an assortment of helical rod-like molecules derived from
      the 'leg' region. These molecules were separated by salt fractionation and
      examined by rotary-shadowing electron microscopy. Isolation of these fractions
      from placenta which had been reduced with NaB3H4 revealed that both the 7S (N
      terminal) and C-terminal regions contained significant proportions of reducible
      lysine-derived cross-links. These cross-links were shown to be exclusively the
      stable oxo-imine hydroxylysino-5-oxonorleucine. The number of the cross-links per
      molecule was significantly lower than might be expected in order to fully
      stabilize the molecule. These results suggest that the keto-imine cross-links in
      type IV collagen have been stabilized in part by conversion into an unknown non
      reducible form, although a sensitive immunoassay failed to show the presence of
      any pyridinoline. Comparison with the fibrous collagen from placenta suggested
      that the rate of this conversion is much greater in basement-membrane collagen.

PMID- 6426461
TI  - A kinetic comparison of partially purified rat liver Golgi and rat serum
      galactosyltransferases.
AB  - UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase was partially
      purified from rat liver Golgi membranes and rat serum. The kinetic parameters of
      the two enzymes isolated by affinity chromatography were compared with each other
      and with those for commercial bovine milk galactosyltransferase. When N-acetyl
      glucosamine was the acceptor the Km values for UDP-galactose were 65,52 and 43
      microM for the rat liver Golgi, rat serum and bovine milk enzymes respectively.
      The Km values for N-acetylglucosamine were 0.33, 1.49 and 0.5 mM for the three
      enzymes respectively. The Km values for UDP-galactose, with glucose as acceptor
      in the presence of 1 mg of alpha-lactalbumin, were 23, 9.0 and 60 microM for the
      three enzymes respectively, and the Km values for glucose were 2.3, 1.8 and 2.0
      mM respectively. The effects of alpha-lactalbumin in both the lactosamine
      synthetase and lactose synthetase reactions were similar. The activation energies
      were 94.0 kJ/mol (22.5 kcal/mol) and 96.0 kJ/mol (22.9 kcal/mol) for the Golgi
      and serum enzymes respectively. Although some differences in Km values were
      observed between the rat liver Golgi and serum enzymes, the values obtained
      suggest a high degree of similarity between the kinetic properties of the three
      galactosyltransferases.

PMID- 6426462
TI  - The major albumin proteins from pea (Pisum sativum L). Purification and some
      properties.
AB  - A scheme is described for the fractionation of pea (Pisum sativum) albumin
      proteins. By using this scheme, two closely related major albumin proteins have
      been isolated and purified to homogeneity. The larger protein, designated PMA-L,
      has Mr approximately 53 000 and consists of two 25 000-Mr subunits, whereas the
      smaller, PMA-S, has Mr approximately 48 000 and contains two 24 000-Mr subunits.
      There was no evidence of mixed dimers of the two subunit sizes, despite their
      close homology as judged by immunological crossreaction, amino acid composition,
      N-terminal amino acids, tryptic-peptide mapping and CNBr-cleavage products. Both
      proteins contained significant amounts of sulphur amino acids. The proteins were
      shown to be located in the soluble cytosol fraction of cotyledon cells and are
      not significantly degraded on seed germination. Preliminary screening indicates
      the presence of homologous major albumin proteins in at least three different,
      though closely related, legume species.

PMID- 6426463
TI  - Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from halophilic archaebacteria.
AB  - Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase has been discovered in the halophilic
      archaebacteria for the first time. The enzyme from both classical and
      alkaliphilic halobacteria has been investigated. (1) The enzyme specifically
      catalysed the stoichiometric oxidation of dihydrolipoamide by NAD+. Enzymic
      activity was optimal at 2 M-NaCl and was remarkably resistant to thermal
      denaturation. (2) The relative molecular masses (Mr) of the native enzyme from
      the various species of halobacteria were determined to be within the range 112000
      120000. (3) The enzyme exhibited a hyperbolic dependence of catalytic activity on
      both dihydrolipoamide and NAD+ concentrations. From these steady-state kinetic
      measurements the dissociation constant (Ks) of dihydrolipoamide was determined to
      be 57 (+/- 5) microM. (4) The enzyme was only susceptible to inactivation by
      iodoacetic acid in the presence of its reducing ligands, dihydrolipoamide or
      NADH. The rate of inactivation followed a hyperbolic dependence on the
      concentration of dihydrolipoamide, from which the Ks of this substrate was
      calculated to be 55 (+/- 7) microM. Together with the steady-state kinetic data,
      the pattern of inactivations is consistent with the involvement in catalysis of a
      reversibly reducible disulphide bond, as has been found in dihydrolipoamide
      dehydrogenase from non-archaebacterial species. In eubacterial and eukaryotic
      organisms, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase functions in the 2-oxo acid
      dehydrogenase complexes. These multienzyme systems have not been detected in the
      archaebacteria, and, in the context of this apparent absence, the possible
      function and evolutionary significance of archaebacterial dihydrolipoamide
      dehydrogenase are discussed.

PMID- 6426465
TI  - Cystatin-like cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human liver.
AB  - Cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CPI) forms from human liver were purified from the
      tissue homogenate by alkaline denaturation of cysteine proteinases with which
      they are complexed, acetone fractionation, affinity chromatography on S
      carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose and chromatofocusing. The multiple forms of CPI
      were shown immunologically to be forms of two proteins, referred to as CPI-A
      (comprising the forms of relatively acidic pI) and CPI-B (comprising the more
      basic forms). CPI-A and CPI-B are similar in their Mr of about 12400,
      considerable stability to pH2, pH11 and 80 degrees C, and tight-binding
      inhibition of papain, several related cysteine proteinases and dipeptidyl
      peptidase I. Ki values were determined for papain, human cathepsins B, H and L,
      and dipeptidyl peptidase I. The affinity of CPI-A for cathepsin B was about 10
      fold greater than that of CPI-B, whereas CBI-B showed about 100-fold stronger
      inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase I. For all the cysteine proteinases the liver
      inhibitors were somewhat less tight binding than cystatin. The resemblance of
      both CPI-A and CPI-B in several respects to egg-white cystatin is discussed. CPI
      A seems to correspond to the epithelial inhibitor described previously, and CPI-B
      to the inhibitor from other cell types [Jarvinen & Rinne (1982) Biochim. Biophys.
      Acta 708, 210-217].

PMID- 6426464
TI  - Stimulus-response coupling in human platelets. Changes evoked by platelet
      activating factor in cytoplasmic free calcium monitored with the fluorescent
      calcium indicator quin2.
AB  - The role of changes in cytoplasmic free calcium, [Ca2+]i, in the responses to
      platelet-activating factor (PAF) was studied in human platelets loaded with the
      fluorescent calcium indicator, quin2. In the presence of 1 mM external calcium,
      PAF raised [Ca2+]i 8-10-fold in a few seconds to peak near 1 microM. [Ca2+]i then
      declined over several minutes towards the basal level. In the absence of external
      calcium there was a much smaller increase in [Ca2+]i of similar pattern. These
      findings suggest that PAF increases [Ca2+]i partly by discharge of internal Ca2+,
      but mainly by stimulated influx. Blockade of cyclo-oxygenase with aspirin only
      slightly reduced the [Ca2+]i changes, indicating that thromboxane A2 is not a
      major mediator of the calcium movements. In control conditions PAF could
      stimulate shape-change, aggregation and secretion. Aggregation and secretion were
      roughly halved by blockade of cyclo-oxygenase. Shape-change and secretion still
      occurred under conditions where the [Ca2+]i rise was small or suppressed,
      indicating a role for intracellular activators other than Ca2+. The possible
      involvement of products of phosphoinositide breakdown is discussed.

PMID- 6426466
TI  - Inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activities
      by analogues of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and their cellular uptake
      during lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Several congeners of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) were tested for their
      ability to inhibit eukaryotic putrescine-activated S-adenosylmethionine
      decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) and intestinal diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6). All the
      compounds tested, namely methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), ethylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone), dimethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and the di-N"-methyl
      derivative of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), were strong inhibitors of both
      yeast and mouse liver adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in vitro. The
      enzyme from both sources was most powerfully inhibited by ethylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone). All the diguanidines likewise inhibited diamine oxidase
      activity in vitro. The maximum intracellular concentrations of the ethyl and
      dimethylated analogues achieved in activated lymphocytes were only about one
      fifth of that of the parent compound. However, both derivatives appeared to
      utilize the polyamine-carrier system, as indicated by competition experiments
      with spermidine.

PMID- 6426467
TI  - Errors arising from the use of [1-14C]pyruvate to measure flux through the liver
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

PMID- 6426468
TI  - Competition among oxidizable substrates in brains of young and adult rats. Whole
      homogenates.
AB  - The rates of conversion into 14CO2 of D-(-)-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate, [3
      14C]acetoacetate, [6-14C]glucose and [U-14C]glutamine were measured in the
      presence and absence of unlabelled alternative oxidizable substrates in whole
      homogenates from the brains of young and adult rats. The addition of unlabelled
      glutamine resulted in decreased 14CO2 production from [6-14C]glucose in brain
      homogenates from both young and adult rats. In contrast, glucose had no effect on
      [U-14C]glutamine oxidation. In suckling animals, both 3-hydroxybutyrate and
      acetoacetate decreased the rate of oxidation of [6-14C]glucose, but in adults
      only 3-hydroxybutyrate had an effect, and to a lesser degree. The addition of
      unlabelled glucose markedly enhanced the rates of oxidation of both ketone bodies
      in adult brain tissue and had little or no effect in the young. The rate of
      production of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glutamine was increased by the addition of
      unlabelled ketone bodies in brain homogenates from young, but not from adult
      rats. In the converse situation, unlabelled glutamine added to 14C-labelled
      ketone bodies diminished 14CO2 production in young rats, but had no effect in
      adult animals. These results revealed a complex age-dependent pattern of
      interaction in which certain substrates apparently competed with each other,
      whereas an enhanced rate of 14CO2 production was found with others.

PMID- 6426469
TI  - Competition among oxidizable substrates in brains of young and adult rats.
      Dissociated cells.
AB  - The rates of conversion of D-(-)-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate, [3-14C]acetoacetate,
      [6-14C]glucose and [U-14C]glutamine into 14CO2 were measured in the presence and
      absence of alternative oxidizable substrates in intact dissociated cells from the
      brains of young and adult rats. When unlabelled glutamine was added to [6
      14C]glucose or unlabelled glucose was added to [U-14C]glutamine, the rate of
      14CO2 production was decreased in both young and adult rats. The rate of
      oxidation of 3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate was also decreased by the addition of
      unlabelled glutamine in both age groups, but in the reverse situation, i.e.
      unlabelled 3-hydroxybutyrate added to [U-14C]glutamine, only the brain cells from
      young rats were affected. No significant effects were seen when glutamine and
      acetoacetate were combined. The addition of either of the two ketone bodies to [6
      14C]glucose markedly lowered the rate of 14CO2 production in young rats, but in
      the adult only 3-hydroxybutyrate was effective and the magnitude of decrease in
      the rate of [6-14C]glucose oxidation was much lower than in young animals.
      Unlabelled glucose decreased the rate of [3-14C]acetoacetate oxidation to a minor
      extent in brain cells from both age groups; when added to 3-hydroxy[3
      14C]butyrate, glucose had no effect in young rats and greatly enhanced 14CO2
      production in adult brain cells. Many of these patterns of substrate interaction
      in dissociated brain cells differ from those in whole homogenates; they may be a
      function of the plasma membranes and the role of a carrier-mediated transport
      system or a reflection of a difference in the population of cell types or
      subcellular organelles in these two preparations.

PMID- 6426470
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a novel 68,000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein of
      lymphocyte plasma membrane.
AB  - A 68 000-Mr protein is a major component of a Nonidet P-40-insoluble fraction of
      lymphocyte plasma membrane prepared from human B lymphoblastoid cells ( BRI 8)
      and pig mesenteric lymph nodes. The association of the protein with the detergent
      insoluble complex depends on free Ca2+ concentrations of greater than 10 microM.
      The human and pig 68 000-Mr proteins were purified and appear to be homologous on
      the basis of amino acid composition and peptide mapping. The protein is
      monomeric, has pI 5.8 and a single high-affinity Ca2+-binding site (KD 1.2
      microM). The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of the 68 000-Mr
      protein as an intracellular Ca2+ receptor in lymphocytes.

PMID- 6426471
TI  - Bovine lens aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase). Purification, kinetics and
      mechanism.
AB  - Aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase) was purified to homogeneity (as judged by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis) from bovine lens by
      affinity chromatography on NADP+-Sepharose. The enzyme, a monomer of Mr about
      40000, was active with a variety of alpha- hydroxyketones , including fructose.
      The minimum degree of the rate equation was 2:2 in the case of DL-glyceraldehyde,
      but linear kinetics were observed for glucose and NADPH over the concentration
      range studied. The enzyme largely followed a ternary-complex mechanism, with
      initial binding of NADPH before glucose and final release of NADP+.

PMID- 6426472
TI  - Altered sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase to inhibition by malonyl
      CoA in ketotic diabetic rats.
AB  - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase of liver mitochondria prepared from ketotic
      diabetic rats has a diminished sensitivity to inhibition by malonyl-CoA compared
      with carnitine palmitoyltransferase of mitochondria prepared from normal fed
      rats.

PMID- 6426473
TI  - Effects of adrenergic agents, vasopressin and ionophore A23187, on the
      phosphorylation of, and flux through, phenylalanine hydroxylase in rat liver
      cells.
AB  - The adrenergic amines noradrenaline and adrenaline increased flux through
      phenylalanine hydroxylase by approx. 50%. This effect, which appears to be
      mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism, was accompanied by a rapid increase in
      the phosphorylation of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Although ionophore A23187
      mimicked the effects of the adrenergic amines, vasopressin was completely without
      effect on either phenylalanine hydroxylation or enzyme phosphorylation. Flux
      through phenylalanine hydroxylase in young rats (80 g) was insensitive to alpha
      adrenergic, but sensitive to beta-adrenergic, agents. Consistent with previous
      observations [Fisher & Pogson (1984) Biochem. J. 219, 79-85] the present data
      indicate a close correlation between phosphorylation state and flux rate (i.e.
      enzyme activity).

PMID- 6426474
TI  - Low sulfated glycosaminoglycans are excreted in patients with the Lowe syndrome.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were prepared from the urine of three patients and from
      normal individuals by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation and Pronase
      digestion. The GAGs were analyzed by electrophoresis, anion-exchange
      chromatography, and enzymatic and chemical degradation. Each of the three
      patients showed a four- to fivefold increase in urinary GAG excretion compared to
      normal controls and in one patient a tenfold increase was measured during a
      period of behavioral agitation which included joint swelling. Urinary GAGs from
      affected individuals were characterized by a high proportion of low sulfated
      molecules. The predominant low sulfated component was chondroitin-4-sulfate
      (C4S); however, small amounts of chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) were also present.
      Heparan sulfate (HS) was present in normal proportion (5-10%) and most of it was
      not low sulfated. Abnormal excretion of chondroitin (Ch), hyaluronic acid (HA),
      and dermatan sulfate (DS) was not detected. These findings suggest that the
      clinical manifestations of Lowe syndrome may be caused by a defect in GAG
      metabolism.

PMID- 6426475
TI  - Food contamination by micro quantities of aflatoxin: a possible source of
      experimental artifacts?

PMID- 6426476
TI  - Developmental changes of glycogen phosphorylase b isozymes in rat tissues.
AB  - The isozyme distribution of glycogen phosphorylase b was studied in various
      fetal, neonatal, and adult rat tissues by means of discontinuous polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the presence of glycogen in the separating gel. The brain
      type isozyme BB being the predominant form in fetal rat tissues is replaced
      during maturation either partially (brain and kidney) or completely (skeletal
      muscle and liver) by the isozymes MM or LL, respectively. In the various organs,
      the developmental formation of the adult phosphorylase isozyme pattern does not
      proceed simultaneously. The definitive isozyme pattern is expressed in heart
      muscle at the 19th day of gestation. The isozyme transitions in liver and
      skeletal muscle are finished about two days after birth, while at this time in
      the brain just the muscle-type subunit M appears and forms the hybrid MB. The
      isozyme distribution of the maturated rat brain (BB, MB, MM) is not expressed
      before the 9th day of postnatal life.

PMID- 6426477
TI  - Lung strips from guinea pigs as test system for lipoxygenase inhibitors.
      Inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced contractions by 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
      and nordihydroguaiaretic acid.
AB  - Lung strips and tracheal spirals from guinea pigs and rats were compared as test
      systems for lipoxygenase inhibitors. The contraction of the smooth muscle was
      induced by addition of arachidonic acid. Lung strips of guinea pigs proved to be
      the most suitable in vitro model. Under basal conditions half-maximal contraction
      was produced by 13 microM arachidonic acid (AA) which was strongly inhibited by
      50 microM nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) or 100 microM 3-t-butyl-4
      hydroxyanisole (BHA). NDGA and BHA caused a shift of response towards higher
      concentrations of AA. BHA also produced pronounced dilatations of both basal
      tonus and carbachol-induced contractions of the preparations from the respiratory
      tract. It is concluded that the actions of NDGA and BHA on the airway
      preparations are due to inhibition of the lipoxygenase reaction and, therefore,
      of leukotriene synthesis. The assumption of the lipoxygenase inhibition is
      supported by their action on purified lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes
      which was inhibited by 50% by 0.5 microM NDGA and 160 microM BHA. In contrast,
      the antioxidant 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) did not inhibit at all at 1
      mM. To the knowledge of the authors this is the first evidence so far reported
      for the bronchodilating action of BHA.

PMID- 6426478
TI  - Catalytic activities of haemoglobin related to lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The catalytic activities of haemoglobin and other haemoproteins related to lipid
      peroxidation, especially the haemin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation, the quasi
      lipoxygenase activity and the hydroperoxidase activity are briefly reviewed.
      Important characteristics of these actions are compared. The reaction products of
      the quasi-lipoxygenase activity are reported.

PMID- 6426479
TI  - A structural model for the interaction of haem with unsaturated fatty acids
      explaining its quasi-lipoxygenase activity. Quantum chemical calculations.
AB  - The quasi-lipoxygenase activity of haemoglobin differs in many respects from the
      well-known haemin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation (1-4), especially in its high
      substrate specificity for unsaturated fatty acids containing one 1,4-pentadiene
      system (dienoic fatty acids). In this report a structural model for the fatty
      acid haem interaction based on quantum-chemical calculations is presented which
      show that only dienoic fatty acids are bound to the haem in such a way that the
      initial hydrogen abstraction that is necessary for the over-all reaction, is
      favoured sterically and energetically.

PMID- 6426480
TI  - Hyperostosis and ossification in the cervical spine.

PMID- 6426481
TI  - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the cervical spine in a patient with
      ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 6426482
TI  - Enterococcus: an unusual cause of septic arthritis.

PMID- 6426483
TI  - Study on in vivo decarboxylation of D-penicillamine in rats.
AB  - Carboxy-labeled 14C-D-penicillamine was prepared and dosed at 50 mg/kg to Sprague
      Dawley rats kept in metabolism cages. The recovery of 14C in excreta, tissue and
      expired air was 98.4%. The 14CO2 expired amounted only to 1.5% of the 14C-dose
      indicating that in vivo decarboxylation of the drug in rats is not a significant
      metabolic pathway.

PMID- 6426484
TI  - Effect of trans-unsaturated fats on experimental atherosclerosis in vervet
      monkeys.
AB  - Vervet monkeys ( Ceropithecus aethiops pygerethrus ) were placed on semipurified
      diets containing 14% fat of which 3.2 or 6.0% was present as trans-unsaturated
      fatty acid (t-FA). Two groups were fed the high and low levels of t-FA for a year
      and two others were fed t-FA for 6 months and then returned to the control diet
      for 6 months more. One other group was fed the control diet for a year. The
      control diet contained 14% fat which was a mixture of 72% olive oil and 28% corn
      oil. There were no significant differences in weight gain. Monkeys fed 6% t-FA or
      control diets for one year had lowest liver weights. Serum cholesterol and
      triglycerides in monkeys fed 3.2% t-FA for one year were 134 and 55 mg/dl,
      respectively; in monkeys returned to control diet after 6 months on 6% t-FA the
      values were 146 and 50 g/dl. Serum and triglyceride levels for the other 3 groups
      were 166 +/- 2 and 70 +/- 2 mg/dl. Liver cholesterol levels ranged from 4.0 mg/g
      (3.2% t-FA) to 4.7 mg/g (control) and 4.8 mg/g (6% t-FA). Lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was 59.0 microM/h for controls and ranged from
      52.4 microM/h (3.2% t-FA) to 73.4 microM/h (6% t-FA). Cholesterol synthesis by
      liver slices was not affected by diet when the substrate was acetate. When
      mevalonate was used, the monkeys fed either level of t-FA for 12 months exhibited
      greatly reduced (about 80%) cholesterogenesis. The levels of t-FA in serum and
      liver reflected the amount in the diet. After being returned to control diet
      levels of t-FA in serum and liver of monkeys (fed 3.2% t-FA) fell by 97 and 94%,
      respectively, and those in serum and liver of monkeys fed 6% t-FA fell by 65 and
      91%. There were no significant differences in aortic atherosclerosis or
      arteriosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426485
TI  - The inheritance of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I
      and A-II.
AB  - A large pedigree was ascertained through cases of early myocardial infarction.
      High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were
      measured on family members. Likelihood analysis, using the polygenic/major gene
      mixed model, provided no evidence that major loci play a role in determining the
      levels of any of the three measurements. Heritability estimates, assuming
      polygenic inheritance, were 0.59 and 0.26 for HDL-C level and A-II level,
      respectively. No evidence of genetic transmission of A-I level was found.

PMID- 6426486
TI  - Decision analysis for public health: principles and illustrations.
AB  - Over the past decade decision analysis has been applied increasingly to choices
      in the domain of public health. The technique allows policy makers to examine
      alternative health strategies in an explicit and logical manner. Each problem
      yields a model in standardized form so that disparate opinions and goals can be
      incorporated into the policy. The most common notation uses a decision tree to
      represent the model. Events are separated into those requiring a choice and those
      occurring by chance. The relative worth or utility of each potential outcome is
      specified separately from the probability of its occurrence. All possible
      outcomes are valued on a single coherent scale, although that scale may include
      many different attributes. The resource costs and the public health effectiveness
      (in terms of quality adjusted years of life saved) are two of the potential
      attributes commonly used in such analyses. The use of sensitivity analyses allows
      one to examine how changes in soft data can influence policy decisions. In this
      chapter, we present some of the basic principles that underlie this technology
      and illustrate its application to several recent controversies.

PMID- 6426487
TI  - Hospital cost functions.

PMID- 6426488
TI  - Health promotion and disease prevention at the worksite.

PMID- 6426489
TI  - Inexpensive biological control of schistosome transmission in Montebello, Puerto
      Rico.

PMID- 6426490
TI  - [Ossification of laparotomy scars].

PMID- 6426491
TI  - The ureterovesical junction.
AB  - The ureterovesical junction was studied by dissection and serial sections in 50
      post mortem specimens. Three points are considered in this paper: the structure
      of the terminal ureter, the anatomical arrangement of the ureteral hiatus and the
      ureteral sheath. Study of the structure of the intramural segment of the ureter
      demonstrated on one hand, the perfect continuity of the terminal ureter with the
      trigone and on the other hand, the abundance of the fibroelastic connective
      fibers which like the muscle fibers run longitudinally. The compliance of the
      intravesical ureter is dependent on the balance between these two components. The
      modification of this balance can lead to the creation of a functional obstacle.
      The anatomical arrangement of the ureteral hiatus is described. The inner muscle
      layer of the detrusor extends almost to the ureteral orifice, the truly
      submucosal part of the ureter thus being very small. The constitution of the
      ureteral orifice and its relations to the ureter account for the different
      positions of juxtaureteral diverticula and transhiatal herniae of the bladder
      mucosa. The many descriptions of the ureteral sheath appearing in the literature
      are reviewed in light of the findings from the present study. The juxtavesical
      segment of the ureter is surrounded by a fibroconjunctive sheath which fixes the
      ureter to the bladder wall. The transparietal segment of the ureter is ensheathed
      in its adventitia, whereas a fibromuscular sheath cannot be truly individualized
      over this ureteral segment.

PMID- 6426492
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction during continuous electrocardiographic ST segment
      recording. Possible role of bradycardia and hypotension induced by glyceryl
      trinitrate.
AB  - A 62 year old man developed an inferior wall myocardial infarction during
      ambulatory ST segment monitoring. Before the onset of persistent ST segment
      elevation he had taken several glyceryl trinitrate tablets, which was followed by
      bradycardia and symptoms of hypotension. Whether a paradoxical reaction to
      glyceryl trinitrate may have triggered the development of myocardial infarction
      in this case is uncertain.

PMID- 6426493
TI  - Effects of atracurium on intraocular pressure.
AB  - The effects of atracurium on intraocular pressure (IOP) were compared with those
      of pancuronium in 20 patients less than 45 years-of-age requiring surgery for
      trauma of one eye. After a standard premedication and the application of topical
      analgesia to the upper airway, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone i.v. and
      the trachea was intubated without the use of neuromuscular blockade. Following 20
      min of steady state anaesthesia during which measurements of IOP, arterial
      pressure, heart rate, FIO2, FE'CO2 and CVP were recorded, one group of patients
      received atracurium 0.45 mg kg-1 and the other pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1. The
      observations were repeated for a further 15 min before surgery commenced. Neither
      atracurium nor pancuronium produced any change in IOP. Atracurium was associated
      with greater cardiovascular stability than pancuronium.

PMID- 6426494
TI  - Hypoxic ventilatory drive in the dog under Althesin anaesthesia.
AB  - Althesin was administered i.v. to eight dogs, using two different rates of
      infusion (6.55 +/- 2.13 microliter kg-1 min and 12.80 +/- 2.00 microliter kg-1
      min). Ventilation (TI, TE, RR, TI/Ttot, VT, VE, VT/TI) and arterial blood-gas
      tensions were measured in air and during a 10-min period of 100% oxygen
      breathing. For both rates of Althesin infusion the ventilatory response to oxygen
      was identical: there was significant depression of ventilation (decrease in VE
      and of the ventilatory drive, VT/TI) from the 1st min of inhalation lasting up to
      the 10th min. This decrease in ventilation was more marked and persistent than
      the decrease noticed in the unanaesthetized dog. We conclude that the hypoxic
      ventilatory drive persists in the dog under Althesin anaesthesia.

PMID- 6426495
TI  - Detection of haemophilia carriers: multivariate analysis compared with
      discriminant analysis using up to five factor VIII variates.
AB  - Multivariate analysis is potentially superior to the linear discriminant analysis
      which is commonly used to identify carriers of haemophilia. Our aim was to
      compare these two statistical methods, and to find which factor VIII variates
      most effectively partitioned carrier and normal subjects. In this study we
      assayed one- and two-stage factor VIII coagulant activity, factor VIII related
      antigen by electroimmunoassay and by fluoroimmunoassay, and ristocetin co-factor
      in 50 normal females and 50 carriers of haemophilia. From the results we
      calculated multivariate ellipses which circumscribed the normal and the carrier
      populations, and we displayed these on the monitor of a microcomputer. These
      ellipses separated the two populations better than linear discriminants
      calculated on the same data. Multivariate analysis correctly identified 94% of
      the carriers whereas discriminant analysis correctly identified only 84%.
      Discriminant analysis gave poorer results because the statistical assumption of
      equal variance was breached, whereas the assumption of multivariate normality was
      upheld. Of the five factor VIII variates, two-stage factor VIII coagulant
      activity and factor VIII related antigen by electroimmunoassay correctly
      identified the most subjects. Ristocetin co-factor did not improve the diagnostic
      ability, either when in lieu of or when added to factor VIII related antigen.

PMID- 6426496
TI  - Kinetic studies of the activation of factor X by factors IXa and VIII:C in the
      absence of thrombin.
AB  - The activation of factor X by the components of the intrinsic coagulation pathway
      has been studied using a preparation of bovine factor VIII which did not require
      'activation' with thrombin prior to its participation in the reaction.
      Measurements of the kinetic parameters indicated that factor VIII:C stimulated
      the formation of factor Xa via a 170-fold increase in the Vmax; factor VIII:C had
      little effect on the Km for factor X.

PMID- 6426497
TI  - Effect of DDAVP on plasma levels of factor VII and XII.

PMID- 6426498
TI  - Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

PMID- 6426499
TI  - The agglutination of human platelets by botrocetin: evidence that botrocetin and
      ristocetin act at different sites on the factor VIII molecule and platelet
      membrane.
AB  - Botrocetin caused a factor VIII (FVIII) dependent platelet agglutination which
      was associated with a reduction in the plasma levels of all FVIII parameters as a
      result of specific binding of FVIII to the platelets. The site of binding of
      FVIII to the platelet in response to ristocetin or botrocetin involves the
      glycoprotein I complex. This is suggested by the inability of chymotrypsin
      treated platelets or platelets from patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome to
      agglutinate in response to ristocetin. These platelets responded to botrocetin ,
      but this was greatly reduced compared to normal. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic
      analysis indicated that in the presence of botrocetin most multimetric forms of
      FVIII bound to the platelet, whereas ristocetin caused binding of high and
      intermediate molecular weight forms. The antibiotic vancomycin inhibited platelet
      agglutination by ristocetin but had no effect on that caused by botrocetin .
      Assays of FVIII von Willebrand factor (VIII:vWf) using botrocetin compared well
      with those obtained using ristocetin in plasmas from normal individuals and from
      patients with classical von Willebrand disease (vWd). However, a patient with
      variant vWd demonstrated 100% botrocetin cofactor activity and 0% ristocetin
      cofactor activity. This suggested that the site of interaction on the FVIII
      molecule for botrocetin and ristocetin are different. Therefore the diagnosis of
      some von Willebrand variants cannot be excluded on the basis of a normal
      botrocetin cofactor assay.

PMID- 6426500
TI  - Lead and zinc concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine in relation to
      ALA-D activity after intravenous infusion of Ca-EDTA.
AB  - Lead and zinc concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine, urinary ALA
      concentration, and ALA-D activity in blood were studied for four hours in two
      male lead workers during and after a one hour infusion of Ca-EDTA 2Na. Urinary
      and plasma lead concentrations increased as a result of administering Ca-EDTA
      2Na, and the ratios of lead concentrations in plasma to those in urine were
      greatly increased. The increase of plasma lead concentration was not due to the
      haemolytic effect of Ca-EDTA 2Na but was mobilised lead, rapidly excreted in the
      urine. ALA-D activity in blood increased at the end of the experiment with a
      transient decrease during the infusion of Ca-EDTA 2Na. As zinc concentrations in
      erythrocytes and plasma did not decrease during the infusion despite an increase
      in the urinary excretion of zinc, the transient decrease of ALA-D activity was
      not due to a loss of zinc caused by Ca-EDTA 2Na. From the results of additional
      experiments in vitro, this transient decrease could be related neither to Ca-EDTA
      2Na nor to lead in the blood.

PMID- 6426501
TI  - Pathological mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: modulation of LH
      pulsatility by progesterone.
AB  - The pulsatile discharge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in nine patients with
      polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and nine patients with amenorrhoea but without
      PCO, who exhibited LH discharge in response to oestrogen provocation, were
      studied by 4-h measurement of gonadotrophin pulsatility before and after a course
      of progesterone injections. No significant differences were found in the
      gonadotrophin pulsatility patterns of the two groups, although the LH/FSH ratio
      rose significantly in the patients without PCO after progesterone but not in the
      patients with PCO, suggesting an abnormality of FSH storage. The ability to
      discharge gonadotrophins in response to oestrogen provocation has been reported
      to be present in patients with greater than or equal to 3 LH pulses in a 4-h
      study period. This, however, was not demonstrated in five of the nine PCO
      patients despite the presence of 'normal' gonadotrophin pulsatility patterns.

PMID- 6426502
TI  - Modification of glucocorticoid-induced changes in myofibrillar protein turnover
      in rats by protein and energy deficiency as assessed by urinary excretion of Ntau
      methylhistidine.
AB  - The effects of differing degrees of experimental protein-energy malnutrition on
      the response of myofibrillar protein turnover rates to administration of
      corticosteroid has been studied in two experiments on rats. The basal control
      diet, offered ad lib. in each case, contained 40 g protein/kg, and other groups
      received diets containing 62 X 5, 95 or 220 g protein/kg at 0 X 67, 1 or 1 X 5
      times the level of the control energy intake. Daily administration of 25 or 30 mg
      corticosterone/kg body-weight after 18 d pre-feeding caused an increase in plasma
      protein, glucose and insulin concentrations, but a decrease in the
      corticosterone: insulin values. Liver size and protein content increased, as did
      the fractional excretion of dietary nitrogen as urea-N in all treated groups.
      However, whereas a fall in food intake and body-weight occurred in one experiment
      the reverse occurred in the other. Ntau -Methylhistidine excretion was 12% lower
      for rats receiving 40 v. 220 g protein/kg diet and excretion was increased by
      only 57 v. 90% respectively, when the two groups of rats were given 30 mg
      corticosterone/kg per d. Rats which received 25 mg corticosterone/kg per d and up
      to 95 g protein/kg diet increased excretion of Ntau -methylhistidine by an
      average 35%. The fractional degradation rate of myofibrillar protein (kd) was
      reduced by about 10% by the low-protein diet from 3 X 1 to 2 X 8%/d. During
      corticosterone treatment the increment in kd for rats on this diet was only 60%
      of that for rats receiving the 220 g protein/kg diet, i.e. an increase of 1 X 8
      v. 3 X 0%/d. Energy restriction further reduced kd during low-protein intake but
      did not affect the response to the corticosterone. Variations in dietary protein
      from 40 to 95 g/kg had little effect on the increase in kd during steroid
      treatment. The effect of corticosterone on calculated synthesis rates (ks)
      differed markedly between experiments. While ks fell by 50-65% in rats which lost
      weight on treatment, it rose by up to 60% in rats where carcass non-collagen
      protein accretion remained unchanged or increased, despite an increase in kd.
      Protein deficiency decreases the catabolic response to glucocorticoid, but the
      net metabolic response appears crucially dependent on changes in food intake or
      the stage of growth of the rat or both. A net anabolic response with increased
      fractional rates of myofibrillar protein breakdown, synthesis and accretion was
      observed in growing rats fed on relatively-low-protein diets and given 25 mg
      corticosterone/kg per d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426503
TI  - Structure of bovine blood coagulation factor Va. Determination of the subunit
      associations, molecular weights, and asymmetries by analytical
      ultracentrifugation.
AB  - Thrombin-activated bovine factor V (factor Va), an essential component of the
      blood clotting cascade pro thrombinase complex, is composed of two nonidentical
      subunits (Vl and Vh) and Ca2+ in tight association. We have examined Vl, Vh, and
      factor Va using analytical ultracentrifugation. At pH 7.65 in 50 mM
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 0.1 M NaCl, 1 mM benzamidine, and 10 mM Ca2+,
      the Vl subunit has a molecular weight (Mr) of 82 500, an S0(20) ,w = 5. 0(2)S ,
      and, assuming a model of a prolate ellipsoid with 0.3 g of H2O/g of protein, an
      axial ratio of 5:1. The corresponding values for the Vh subunit are an Mr of 92
      300, an S0(20) ,w = 5.2(9) S, and an axial ratio of 5:1. We found these same
      values for Vl and for Vh in a buffer that contained 2 mM
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) rather than the 10 mM Ca2+. The Vl subunit
      undergoes a weak, reversible self-association at 9 degrees C with an apparent
      monomer-dimer association constant of 5.6 X 10(3) M-1 in the presence of 2 mM
      EDTA and 2.3 X 10(3) M-1 in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+. Our data indicate that
      the Vl self-association includes dimer and higher oligomers. Factor Va, examined
      in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+ and at 20 degrees C, has an Mr of 174 000, and
      S0(20) ,w = 8.1(8)S, an axial ratio of 5:1, and an apparent Vl-Vh association
      constant of at least 2.7 X 10(8) M-1. Our results suggest that factor Va self
      associates to form higher multimers. When solutions of Va are dialyzed against a
      buffer that contains no Ca2+ and 2 mM EDTA, the apparent Vl-Vh subunit
      association constant is reduced to 9.4 X 10(3) M-1. Our hydrodynamic data
      indicate that there is a substantial decrease in molecular asymmetry when factor
      V is proteolytically activated by thrombin to form factor Va and that Vl and Vh
      are arranged "side by side" rather than "end to end" in factor Va.

PMID- 6426504
TI  - Activation of an erythrocyte NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase by lysolecithin
      and nonionic and zwitterionic detergents.
AB  - The activity of an NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase was stimulated 4-6-fold by
      lysolecithin; lysolecithins containing long-chain fatty acids such as stearoyl
      (C18) and palmitoyl (C16) were more effective than those with shorter chains: C14
      greater than C12 greater than C10 congruent to C8. The analogue lacking a fatty
      acid at C-1, alpha-glycerophosphocholine, was inactive as were choline,
      lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylglycerol,
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lecithin, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine,
      and phosphatidylethanolamine. Activation of the transferase was, however, also
      observed with certain nonionic (e.g., Triton X-100) and zwitterionic [3-[ (
      cholamidopropyl ) dimethylammonio ]-1-propanesulfonate] detergents. The
      transferase was shown previously to be stimulated by chaotropic salts or
      histones; in the presence of maximally effective concentrations of lysolecithin,
      salt, and histone, the activity was similar to that observed in the presence of
      histone or salt alone. Maximal activation by lysolecithin and detergents was less
      than that observed with either salt or histone. It appears that activation by
      lysolecithin shows significant differences from that observed previously with
      histones or salt and can be mimicked by certain nonionic and zwitterionic
      detergents.

PMID- 6426505
TI  - Nature of DNA repair synthesis resistant to inhibitors of polymerase alpha in
      human cells.
AB  - Arabinocytidine and aphidicolin are inhibitors of alpha-DNA polymerase that have
      been shown to affect both normal DNA replication and repair synthesis in
      mammalian cells. In contradiction to the prevalent hypothesis that these
      inhibitors merely slow the polymerization rate at incision sites near lesions,
      our results suggest that the repair synthesis resistant to inhibitors is mediated
      by a separate pathway. Repair synthesis in contact-inhibited human cells
      following UV irradiation was inhibited 75-80% by arabinocytidine or aphidicolin,
      and most of the repair patches were not ligated into parental DNA, as judged by
      an enzymatic assay. However, the patches were not demonstrably shorter than those
      in untreated cells. Even following low-UV doses at which no inhibition of repair
      synthesis by the inhibitors was observed, a majority of the patches were not
      ligated. DNA polymerase beta is implicated in this alternate pathway, both by the
      known specificity of the inhibitors and by evidence from their sensitivity to S1
      nuclease that the patches arise from displacement synthesis. The unligated
      patches are not degraded in vivo and eventually become ligated into parental DNA,
      very slowly in the presence of inhibitors but much more rapidly following their
      removal. Thus, under conditions of alpha-polymerase inhibition, a limited number
      of normal length repair patches are made, apparently by displacement synthesis,
      leaving displaced strands that remain substantially undegraded.

PMID- 6426506
TI  - Electrostatic modification of protein surfaces: effect on hemoglobin ligation and
      solubility.
AB  - Protein amino groups can be carboxymethylated under mild conditions by the
      combined use of glyoxylate ion and cyanoborohydride. The amino group is converted
      to a zwitterionic residue where the pK of the secondary amine is only slightly
      altered and a carboxyl group has been added some 3 A from the nitrogen atom in
      the amine. Modification of hemoglobin to low levels of carboxymethylation yields
      derivatives specifically modified at the terminal alpha-amino groups. These
      modified hemoglobins are models for the interactions between the protein and
      small anions. When the extent of modification is increased by treating the
      protein with a higher concentration of the modifying agents, lysine residues
      become converted to N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine. In excess of 90% of lysine
      residues in hemoglobin and myoglobin can be modified by this technique. The
      increased negative charge can be adjusted to any intermediate level of
      modification. The change in electrostatic free energy that results from the
      altered distribution of charge on the protein surface can be correlated with
      functional properties. Thus, the increased repulsion between the hemoglobin
      dimers leads to dimerlike oxygen binding properties at a high degree of
      modification. Similarly, changes in protein solubility secondary to modification
      reflect altered tetramer-tetramer interactions in the solid state. This method
      for achieving an altered distribution of charge on the protein surface, a method
      which can be carried out in a specific or nonspecific fashion to achieve varying
      degrees of modification, represents a powerful tool for the study of
      electrostatic interactions in protein chemistry.

PMID- 6426507
TI  - Inhibition of DNA replication coordinately reduces cellular levels of core and H1
      histone mRNAs: requirement for protein synthesis.
AB  - Cellular levels of H1 and core histone mRNAs have been examined in exponentially
      growing HeLa S3 cells as a function of DNA synthesis inhibition under varying
      concentrations of three DNA synthesis inhibitors. Total cellular histone mRNAs
      were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization, and their relative abundance was
      shown to be stoichiometrically and temporally coupled to the rate of DNA
      synthesis. In the presence of cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea, or aphidicolin,
      a rapid, proportionate decrease of histone mRNA levels resulted in an apparent
      mRNA half-life of less than 10 min. Using inhibitors of transcription and
      translation, we show that transcription is not necessary for the coordinate
      decrease of histone mRNA levels that occurs when DNA synthesis is inhibited. When
      protein synthesis is inhibited by addition of cycloheximide, core and H1 histone
      mRNAs do not decrease in parallel with reduced rates of DNA synthesis but instead
      are stabilized and accumulate with time, thus uncoupling histone mRNA levels and
      DNA replication. These last observations suggest that protein synthesis, either
      of histones or of some unidentified regulatory molecules, is required for the
      stoichiometric turnover of H1 and core histone mRNAs coordinate with reduced
      rates of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6426508
TI  - Identification of hydroxypyridinium cross-linking sites in type II collagen of
      bovine articular cartilage.
AB  - In mature cartilage, collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent intermolecular
      bonds provided by 3- hydroxypyridinium cross-linking residues. To determine the
      location of these trifunctional cross-links within the type II collagen molecule,
      CNBr peptides were analyzed from pepsin-soluble collagen and from guanidine
      hydrochloride insoluble collagen of bovine articular cartilage. The presence of
      hydroxypyridinium residues in collagen alpha chains and CNBr-derived peptides was
      detected by their characteristic natural fluorescence. Quantitatively, about one
      in three alpha chains from pepsin-soluble collagen was found to contain a
      hydroxypyridinium residue. Its distribution in the chains was limited to two CNBr
      peptides, which were purified by column chromatography on CM-cellulose and Bio
      Gel P-30 followed by slab-gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide. The composition and properties of the two peptides indicated that
      the main component of one was alpha 1(II)- CB9 ,7 and of the other alpha 1(II)
      CB12 . It was suspected that two amino-terminal telopeptides were cross-linked by
      hydroxylysylpyridinoline to alpha 1(II) CB9 ,7 and two carboxy-terminal
      telopeptides to alpha 1(II) CB12 . The properties of fluorescent CNBr peptides
      isolated from digests of insoluble cartilage collagen supported this conclusion.
      Cleavage of the 3- hydroxypyridinium ring by UV light was exploited to confirm
      the identity of the cross-linked peptides. On UV irradiation, one cross-linked
      peptide released alpha 1(II) CB9 ,7, and the other, alpha 1(II) CB12 . The
      findings indicate there are only two hydroxypyridinium cross-linking sites within
      the triple-helical region of the type II collagen molecule, probably placed
      symmetrically at opposite ends at residues 87 and 930, where telopeptide
      aldehydes are known to react to form the initial "head to tail" intermolecular
      bonds.

PMID- 6426509
TI  - NMR spectroscopic identification of a hexacyanochromate(III) binding site on
      Pseudomonas azurin.
AB  - Studies of redox reactions between the blue copper protein azurin and inorganic
      reagents have suggested the formation of discrete complexes between the reaction
      partners prior to the actual electron-transfer step. To get an insight into the
      structural nature of the complexes formed, we have studied the interaction (i)
      between oxidized Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and the anion Fe(CN)6(3-) and (ii)
      between reduced azurin and Cr(CN)6(3-). At low ionic strengths, stoichiometric
      binding of one Fe(CN)6(3-) ion to the oxidized protein is observed. In the high
      resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of the reduced protein, specific
      broadening of the assigned residues is observed upon titration with the redox
      inert Cr(CN)6(3-) ion. Analysis of this paramagnetic spectral broadening in terms
      of the three-dimensional structure of the protein has led to the proposal that
      the binding site of the anions lies approximately midway between lysine residues
      85 and 92. Evidence in support of this conclusion is provided by parallel studies
      on Alcaligenes faecalis azurin, which lacks these lysine residues. A similar site
      on the surface of Pseudomonas azurin has recently been identified by affinity
      labeling with chromous ions as an electron-transfer locus [ Farver , O., & Pecht
      , I. (1981) Isr . J. Chem. 21, 13-17]. The results presented here suggest that
      this region on the protein surface also may be employed by anionic electron
      transfer agents.

PMID- 6426510
TI  - Further studies on calf thymus DNA polymerase delta purified to homogeneity by a
      new procedure.
AB  - DNA polymerase delta from calf thymus has been purified to apparent homogeneity
      by a new procedure which utilizes hydrophobic interaction chromatography with
      phenyl-Sepharose at an early step to separate most of the calcium-dependent
      protease activity from DNA polymerase delta and alpha. The purified enzyme
      migrates as a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under
      nondenaturing conditions. The sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme is 7.9 S,
      and the Stokes radius is 53 A. A molecular weight of 173K has been calculated for
      the native enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      the homogeneous enzyme reveals two polypeptides of 125 and 48 kDa. This subunit
      structure differs from that of DNA polymerase delta prepared by our previous
      procedure, which was composed of subunits of 60 and 49 kDa [Lee, M. Y. W. T.,
      Tan, C.-K., Downey , K. M., & So, A. G. (1981) Prog . Nucleic Acid Res. Mol.
      Biol. 26, 83-96], suggesting that the 60-kDa polypeptide may have been derived
      from the 125-kDa polypeptide during enzyme purification, possibly as the result
      of cleavage of an unusually sensitive peptide bond. DNA polymerase delta is
      separated from DNA polymerase alpha by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on
      phenyl-Sepharose; DNA polymerase delta is eluted at pH 7.2 and DNA polymerase
      alpha at pH 8.5. DNA polymerase delta can also be separated from DNA polymerase
      alpha by chromatography on hydroxylapatite; DNA polymerase alpha binds to
      hydroxylapatite in the presence of 0.5 M KCl, whereas DNA polymerase delta is
      eluted at 90 mM KCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426511
TI  - cis- and trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-mediated cross-linking of chromosomal
      non-histone proteins to DNA in HeLa cells.
AB  - The cross-linking of chromosomal non-histone proteins to DNA in isolated nuclei
      or intact HeLa cells exposed to different concentrations of cis- and trans
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis- and trans-DDP) for various time intervals was
      investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      immunochemical methods. Both the cis- and the trans-DDP cross-linked significant
      numbers of chromosomal non-histone proteins to the DNA. The quantity and the
      types of the cross-linked proteins depended on the time of incubation as well as
      on the concentrations of the drugs. The immunochemical techniques revealed that
      both the 0.35 M sodium chloride insoluble and soluble chromosomal non-histone
      proteins were cross-linked to the DNA by both isomers. The action of cis- and
      trans-DDP was reversed and/or blocked by thiourea or 2-mercaptoethanol.
      Pretreatment of isolated nuclei or chromatin with iodoacetamide or N
      ethylmaleimide did not prevent the DNA-protein cross-linking.

PMID- 6426512
TI  - Site-specific modification of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment
      with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
AB  - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase activity of
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment. Kinetic studies indicated that
      overall PLP inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to dNTP, and Hill plot
      analysis revealed that two molecules of PLP were involved in the inhibition.
      Reduction of the PLP-treated enzyme with sodium [3H]borohydride resulted in
      covalent incorporation of 3 mol of PLP/mol of enzyme. This incorporation was at
      lysine residues exclusively, and the PLP-modified enzyme was not capable of DNA
      polymerase activity. The presence of dNTP during the modification reaction
      blocked the incorporation of 1 mol of PLP/mol of enzyme. Similar results were
      obtained in the presence or absence of template-primer. These data indicate that
      a PLP target lysine is in or around a dNTP binding site that is essential for
      polymerase activity and that this binding site is functional in the absence of
      template-primer. The enzyme modified in the presence of dNTP, containing 2 mol of
      PLP/mol of enzyme, was capable of DNA polymerase activity but was unable to
      conduct elongation of product molecules beyond a short oligonucleotide length.

PMID- 6426513
TI  - Studies of Fe3+ transport across isolated intestinal brush-border membrane of the
      mouse.
AB  - Mouse intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles take up iron from media
      containing 59Fe3 +-nitrilotriacetic acid. The iron uptake by the vesicles
      represents accumulation of iron which relates to an osmotically active space.
      Uptake is linearly related to vesicle protein concentration and is inhibited by
      low incubation temperature and low medium free Fe3+ concentrations. Experiments
      with the lipid soluble iron ligand 8-hydroxyquinoline and with Triton X-100 imply
      that the uptake is rate limited by membrane transport.

PMID- 6426514
TI  - Fusion of small unilamellar vesicles induced by a serum albumin fragment of
      molecular weight 9000.
AB  - A peptide (P-9) comprising amino acids 307 to 385 of bovine serum albumin induced
      the fusion of small unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine at low pH. Upon
      acidification P-9 exhibited a ultraviolet differential spectrum characteristic of
      hydrophilic exposure of chromophores. This conformational change, and the
      structure of P-9 composed of three amphiphilic helixes , suggested a general
      working hypothesis for the description of protein-induced membrane fusion.

PMID- 6426515
TI  - Characterization of calcium liberation from a human platelet membrane fraction.
AB  - Calcium efflux and EGTA-induced calcium release from an internal platelet
      membrane fraction have been studied after the oxalate-supported calcium uptake
      had reached steady state. Increasing external calcium concentrations stimulate
      the calcium efflux velocity, with an apparent half-maximal stimulation at about 5
      microM outside calcium concentration and a maximal velocity of calcium efflux of
      4.66 +/- 2.32 nmol X min-1 X mg-1. Moreover, the ratio of the liberated calcium
      on the loaded calcium seems to be independent of the increasing external calcium
      concentration. Increasing the calculated internal calcium concentration by
      varying the oxalate potassium concentration from 10 mM to 1 mM results in an
      increase of the liberated calcium from the membrane vesicles from 7.4% to 63%,
      respectively, without changing the calcium efflux velocity. Similar conclusions
      can be drawn from the observation of results from the calcium efflux and EGTA
      induced calcium release methods. Moreover, calcium pump reversal does not seem to
      be responsible for the calcium efflux or calcium release. All these different
      points added to the previously described regulation of calcium efflux by the
      catalytic subunit of cAMP protein kinase suggest us that the mechanism of calcium
      liberation by the platelet membranes is different from the calcium uptake.

PMID- 6426516
TI  - Studies of the kinetics of Na+ gradient-coupled glucose transport as found in
      brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit jejunum.
AB  - The Na+-dependent D-glucose transport reaction in rabbit jejunal brush-border
      vesicles was studied. Initial rate data were obtained by fitting a polynomial
      equation to progress curves at different D-glucose concentrations and extracting
      the slope of the tangent at zero-time. Kinetic replots of the initial rate values
      produced biphasic Hofstee patterns indicative of two pathways for transport
      distinguished by their Km values for glucose. Neither was dependent on the
      presence of a membrane potential. Both were dependent on Na+ and both were
      inhibited by phlorizin. Increasing external sodium was found to elevate the
      apparent Vmax for both pathways. Internal sodium was inhibitory. Pulsed progress
      curve analysis indicated that the effect of internal sodium was best
      characterized as carrier sequestration by a sodium-carrier binary complex.
      Inhibition by internal sodium was completely reversed by the presence,
      internally, of D-glucose. The presence of two pathways and the kinetic constants
      for these pathways do not agree with the conclusions of Hopfer and Groseclose
      (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 4453-4462). Experiments are presented which bear on
      the reason for the disagreement.

PMID- 6426517
TI  - Biphasic effect on platelet aggregation by phospholipase a purified from Vipera
      russellii snake venom.
AB  - A basic phospholipase A was isolated from Vipera russellii snake venom. It
      induced a biphasic effect on washed rabbit platelets suspended in Tyrode's
      solution. The first phase was a reversible aggregation which was dependent on
      stirring and extracellular calcium. The second phase was an inhibitory effect on
      platelet aggregation, occurring 5 min after the addition of the venom
      phospholipase A without stirring or after a recovery from the reversible
      aggregation. The aggregating phase could be inhibited by indomethacin,
      tetracaine, papaverine, creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase, mepacrine,
      verapamil, sodium nitroprusside, prostaglandin E1 or bovine serum albumin. The
      venom phospholipase A released free fatty acids from synthetic
      phosphatidylcholine and intact platelets. p-Bromophenacyl bromide-modified venom
      phospholipase A lost its phospholipase A enzymatic and platelet-aggregating
      activities, but protected platelets from the aggregation induced by the native
      enzyme. The second phase of the venom phospholipase A action showed a different
      degree of inhibition on platelet aggregation induced by some activators in
      following order: arachidonic acid greater than collagen greater than thrombin
      greater than ionophore A23187. The longer the incubation time or the higher the
      concentration of the venom phospholipase A, the more pronounced was the
      inhibitory effect. The venom phospholipase A did not affect the thrombin-induced
      release reaction which was caused by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in the
      presence of EDTA, but inhibited collagen-induced release reaction which was
      caused by Ca2+ influx from extracellular medium. The inhibitory effect of the
      venom phospholipase A and also lysophosphatidylcholine or arachidonic acid could
      be antagonized or reversed by bovine serum albumin. It was concluded that the
      first stimulatory phase of the venom phospholipase A action might be due to
      arachidonate liberation from platelet membrane. The second phase of inhibition of
      platelet aggregation and the release of ATP might be due to the inhibitory action
      of the split products produced by this venom phospholipase A.

PMID- 6426518
TI  - Regulation of E.coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase operon in vivo.
AB  - The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase operon is composed of two adjacent,
      cotranscribed genes, pheS and pheT, corresponding respectively to the small and
      large subunit of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. A fusion between the regulatory
      regions of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase operon and the lac structural genes has
      been constructed to study the regulation of the operon. The pheS,T operon was
      shown, using the fusion, to be derepressed when phenylalanine concentrations were
      limiting in a leaky auxotroph mutated in the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway.
      Furthermore, a mutational alteration in the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene,
      bradytrophic for phenylalanine, was also found to be derepressed under
      phenylalanine starvation. These results indicate that the pheS,T operon is
      derepressed when the level of tRNAPhe aminoacylation is lowered. By analogy with
      other well-studied amino acid biosynthetic operons known to be controlled by
      attenuation, these in vivo results indicate that phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase
      levels are controlled by an attenuation-like mechanism.

PMID- 6426519
TI  - Initiation rate of adenovirus DNA synthesis in infected cell.
AB  - A method was developed to determine the rate of viral DNA synthesis initiation in
      adenovirus 2-infected cells. The initiation of DNA synthesis appeared as the rate
      limiting step for accumulation of viral DNA. The multiplicity of infection
      slightly influenced the rate of synthesis of viral DNA, and only during the
      linear phase of viral DNA production. The initiation of DNA-synthesis was found
      to occur preferentially on newly synthesized DNA molecules. These kinetics data
      and the effect of novobiocin suggested that binding of viral DNA with some
      enzymatic complexes favored the replication of a minor, active class of
      adenovirus DNA molecules.

PMID- 6426520
TI  - Thermal diminution and augmentation of the retention of transportable rRNA in
      nuclear envelope-free nuclei.
AB  - We have examined the effect of temperature on the rRNA transport from nuclei
      isolated from Tetrahymena after removal of both nuclear membranes and pore
      complexes by 1% Triton X-100. These nuclei export rRNA as precursor ribosomal
      ribonucleoprotein particles at both 28 degrees C and 8 degrees C which are
      qualitatively the same in terms of rRNA pattern, sedimentation coefficients and
      buoyant densities. At 8 degrees C, however, significantly fewer ribosomal
      ribonucleoprotein particles can be maximally exported than at 28 degrees C,
      though nuclei contain enough potentially transportable particles. These are
      increasingly released with increasing temperatures. Under conditions non
      permissive for export, temperature elevation decreases the number of the
      potentially transportable ribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles in nuclei. Our
      data show: transportable ribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles inside nuclei are
      not 'free', but rather are subject to a complex temperature-sensitive retention:
      this retention is gradually diminished under export conditions and augmented
      under non-permissive export conditions with increasing temperatures. These
      retention mechanisms operate at an intranuclear level preceding the ribosomal
      ribonucleoprotein passage through the nuclear envelope pore complexes, i.e., the
      nuclear envelope regulates neither the number of potentially transportable
      ribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles in nuclei nor the number of those particles
      which can be maximally exported from nuclei at a given temperature. We suggest
      that these retention mechanisms involve temperature-sensitive domains of the
      nuclear matrix.

PMID- 6426521
TI  - Human liver lysosomal alpha-glucosidase modified by chemical galactosylation and
      isolation of specific antibodies.
AB  - Human liver acid alpha-glucosidase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, EC
      3.2.1.3) was modified with water soluble carbodiimide in the presence of p
      aminophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. The incorporation of the aminophenyl
      derivative of galactose into alpha-glucosidase caused some changes in the
      physiocochemical properties of the enzyme: a blue shift in the absorption
      maximum, an alteration of the total electric charge affecting electrophoretic
      mobility upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and acquisition of the ability
      to interact specifically with Ricinus communis agglutinin. At the same time, the
      'galactosylated' enzyme possessed high stability and exhibited catalytic activity
      towards maltose. The Km values of the native and modified enzymes with maltose
      were 6 and 5 mM, respectively. p-Aminophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside residues
      incorporated in alpha-glucosidase and in other proteins were found to be
      antigenic determinants to which the pure antibodies were obtained.

PMID- 6426522
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of bovine NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of the
      mitochondrial respiratory chain.
AB  - We have studied the structure of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone (Q)
      oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.3) by image analysis of electron micrographs. A three
      dimensional reconstruction was calculated from a tilt-series of a two-dimensional
      crystal of the molecule. Our interpretation of the position of the molecule in
      the unit cell of the crystal is supported by additional (low-resolution) analysis
      of images of single molecules. The three-dimensional reconstruction was
      calculated with the aid of an iterative real-space reconstruction algorithm. The
      various projections used as input to the algorithm were obtained by averaging the
      images of the tilted crystal through a Fourier-space peak-filtering procedure.
      The reconstructed unit cell measures 15.2 X 15.2 nm in the plane of the two
      dimensional crystal and has a height of 10-11 nm. The unit cell contains one
      molecule consisting of four large subunits. At the present resolution of about
      1.3 nm in the untilted projection, these four monomers are seen as two dimers
      related by a two-fold axis. Two views of the single particles have been
      recognized; they are the top and side view of the building block of the crystal.
      After computer image alignment and correspondence analysis, clusters of similar
      particles have been averaged. In the averages an uneven stain distribution is
      seen around the molecules, which may result from preferential staining of
      hydrophilic parts of the molecule. The molecular mass of the whole molecule was
      determined from scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements as (1.6 +/
      0.2) X 10(6) daltons.

PMID- 6426523
TI  - The inactivation of glucosamine synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin, the C
      terminal epoxyamino acid of the antibiotic tetaine.
AB  - Incubation of anticapsin with the purified glucosamine synthetase (2-amino-2
      deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, amino transferring, EC 5.3.1.19)
      from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Arthrobacter aurescens and
      Bacillus thuringiensis led to the formation of an inactive enzyme irreversibly
      modified. The inactivation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The
      rate of the inactivation reaction at various concentrations of anticapsin
      exhibited saturation kinetics, implying that anticapsin binds reversibly to the
      enzyme prior to inactivation. The determined Kinact is in the range of 10(-5) M
      (B. thuringiensis) and 10(-6) M (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. aurescens ). The
      addition of glutamine protected the amidotransferase from inactivation by
      anticapsin . The anticapsin was demonstrated to be a mixed type or competitive
      inhibitor with respect to glutamine with a Ki value of 10(-6) to 10(-7) M.
      Reaction of anticapsin with the enzyme exhibits the characteristics of affinity
      labelling of the glutamine binding site. Chemical modification of the enzyme
      thiol group with various reagents, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid, 6,6'-
      dithiodinicotinic acid, 1,1'- dithiodiformamidine , N-ethylmaleimide and
      iodoacetamide, resulted in an inactive enzyme.

PMID- 6426524
TI  - Hapten-mediated immunopurification of membrane proteins labeled with fluorescein
      derivatives.
AB  - The behavior of cell surface components labeled with fluorochromes can be studied
      by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy; further structural analyses would be
      facilitated by purification of the labeled components. We have developed a
      protocol for identifying the targets for labeling with fluorescein derivatives,
      by using 125I- diiodofluorescein isothiocyanate ( 125IFC ) and for isolating the
      labeled components with anti-IFC immunoadsorbents. Anti-IFC antibodies obtained
      from rabbits immunized with IFC-hemocyanin were purified by affinity
      chromatography and coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The anti-IFC
      immunoadsorbents could then be used to isolate the entire set of 125IFC -proteins
      from crude detergent extracts of labeled sea urchin sperm, with a 70% yield and a
      purification of more than 250 fold. Nonspecific binding of unlabeled proteins to
      the immunoadsorbent was insignificant. When the immunoadsorbent IFC-protein
      complex was used directly as an immunogen, antibodies were obtained that reacted
      with the underivatized proteins that were targets for IFC labeling, as indicated
      by immunoblotting after gel electrophoresis. The antibodies also reacted with the
      surface of unlabeled sperm as shown by immunofluorescence. Thus, by treating the
      IFC-sperm proteins as a class, we obtained antibodies that recognized the
      unlabeled proteins in situ or in cell extracts. This approach should be generally
      useful in obtaining reagents directed against specific cell surface components.

PMID- 6426525
TI  - Thermal stabilization of antithrombin III by sugars and sugar derivatives and the
      effects of nonenzymatic glycosylation.
AB  - A variety of neutral and acidic sugars and related compounds were evaluated in
      terms of their effect on the midpoint, Td, of the thermal denaturation curve of
      antithrombin III. The objectives were to determine which structural features of
      these molecules are responsible for their stabilizing properties and to identify
      more efficient stabilizers which combine the effects of lyotropic anions such as
      citrate with those of the polyols in a single molecule. The presence of one or
      more carboxylate groups in a sugar molecule invariably increased its stabilizing
      potency, whereas the number and position of hydroxyl groups appeared to have no
      influence on the molecules' stabilizing ability. Several compounds were shown to
      be effective in preserving antithrombin III activity during pasteurization for 10
      h at 60 degrees C. However, the presence of reducing sugars invariably resulted
      in a decrease in activity following pasteurization, in spite of their ability to
      increase Td. In fact, when antithrombin III was pasteurized in the presence of 2
      M glucose and 0.5 M citrate, it steadily lost its ability to inhibit thrombin
      even though Td under these conditions was 10 degrees C higher than in citrate
      alone where activity was preserved. This effect was shown to be coincident with
      the covalent incorporation of glucose into the protein molecule.

PMID- 6426526
TI  - Prolonged survival of transplanted islets of Langerhans encapsulated in a
      biocompatible membrane.
AB  - Prolonged survival of islet allografts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
      was achieved by encapsulating individual islets in protective, biocompatible
      alginate-polylysine-alginate membranes. A single intraperitoneal transplant of
      encapsulated islets reversed the diabetic state for up to 1 year. In contrast, a
      single injection of unencapsulated islets was effective for less than 2 weeks.
      The microencapsulation procedure, by protecting transplanted tissue from the
      components of the immune system, has great clinical potential in the treatment of
      diseases requiring organ transplantation, such as diabetes and liver disease.

PMID- 6426527
TI  - Stimulation of protein synthesis by lysine analogues in lysine-deprived Ehrlich
      ascites tumour cells.
AB  - This paper describes experiments in which we have investigated the mechanism by
      which amino acid starvation regulates the initiation of protein synthesis in
      mammalian cells. We have examined the ability of a range of lysine analogues to
      stimulate protein synthesis in lysine-deprived mouse Ehrlich ascites tumour cells
      in culture. Of those analogues tested, only those which are cleaved to lysine
      intracellularly are capable of restoring protein synthesis to the level seen in
      fully fed cells. Lysine which is covalently linked to agarose does not stimulate
      translation. After 5 min incubation of lysine-deprived cells with the analogue
      lysine p-nitroanilide, the lysine concentration in cell extracts is restored to
      that found in extracts from fed cells, and protein synthesis is maximally
      stimulated within 5-10 min. During this period of time there is no increase in
      the concentration of lysine in the medium. These data indicate that it is the
      size of the intracellular rather than the extracellular amino acid pool which
      regulates the rate of protein synthesis during amino acid deprivation.

PMID- 6426528
TI  - [Ftorafur interaction with biopolymers].
AB  - High resolution NMR spectra were studied on 1H, 13C and 19F nuclei of antitumor
      drug ftorafur . The lines in NMR spectrum of 1H and 19F representing individual
      fragments of ftorafur molecule were shown to be broadened in the presence of BSA
      and DNA. These broadenings reflect the formation mechanisms of ftorafur complexes
      with indicated biopolymers during transport and antitumor effect of the drug.

PMID- 6426529
TI  - Persistent neuroendocrine dysregulation in major depressive disorder: a marker
      for early relapse.
AB  - Neuroendocrine challenge studies, including the dexamethasone suppression test
      (DST) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test, were administered
      to 86 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder. Of 33
      patients, 25 (76%) revealed normalization of abnormal DSTs at the time of
      symptomatic improvement, and 9 out of 26 patients (35%) revealed normalization of
      blunted TSH responses to TRH injection. Patients with normalized function
      revealed treatment responsiveness and low relapse rates (11%) similar to patients
      who had had normal neuroendocrine function at the time of admission. However, 11
      of 23 patients with persistent dysregulation on either test (48%) relapsed within
      6 months in contrast to 3 of 28 patients with normalized function (p less than
      0.01) and 5 of 35 patients with normal neuroendocrine function on admission (p
      less than 0.02). These findings suggest that persistent dysregulation may be a
      valuable prognostic marker reflecting partial treatment responsiveness in some
      patients which predisposes them to early relapse. Both the DST and TRH tests
      appear to reflect neuroendocrine trait deficits which are independent of but
      interact with a coexisting predisposition to depressive disorder.

PMID- 6426530
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges and cell cycle kinetics in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Six female outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) along with four female
      controls of a similar age range were analyzed for sister chromatid exchangers
      (SCEs), cell cycle kinetics, and sensitivity to mutagens, in lymphocyte cultures.
      The mean level of SCEs for the AD patients was 11.40 SCEs/metaphase, while that
      for the controls was 9.12. The difference between the two groups was significant
      as shown by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p = 0.05). Cell cycle was 50% longer both
      in the AD patients (31.7 hr) and aged controls (31.5 hr) than in normal young
      adults (21.76 hr). Mitomycin-C (MMC) decreased the mitotic index in AD patients
      by 35% and in controls by only 12%. MMC also increased the cell cycle duration in
      AD patients by a greater extent (20%) than it did in the controls (13.5%), and AD
      cells were more sensitive to the toxic effects of bromodeoxyuridine. What
      appeared to be chromosomes with prematurely divided centromeres were also
      observed in AD cells.

PMID- 6426531
TI  - Prolactin and gonadotrophin changes following partial seizures in epileptic
      patients with and without psychopathology.
AB  - Postictal serum prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
      were assessed in 22 epileptic patients with partial seizures. On the basis of
      their past history they were divided into those with (Group A) and those without
      (Group B) psychopathology. The results show more significant changes from
      baseline in Group B. These data suggest that psychopathology may be associated
      with partial seizures in those patients where spread of seizure activity through
      limbic system to the diencephalon preferentially occurs.

PMID- 6426532
TI  - Neuroendocrine predictors of the antidepressant effect of partial sleep
      deprivation.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with major depressive disorder were studied to establish the
      relationship between selective neuroendocrine responses and the antidepressant
      response to partial sleep deprivation. Dexamethasone suppression and normal
      thyrotropin response to TRH were associated with a positive mood response.

PMID- 6426533
TI  - Identification of a porcine follicular fluid fraction which suppresses follicular
      response to gonadotropins.
AB  - To evaluate the role of nonsteroidal, follicular fluid proteins in
      folliculogenesis, the 10-55% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of pooled
      porcine follicular fluid (PFF) was dialyzed against 0.025 M Tris/HCl, pH 7.5,
      using 10,000 molecular weight exclusion membranes, then passed through agarose
      immobilized textile dye. Activity was determined by test fraction inhibition of
      human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) [2 U human luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) per day] induced ovarian weight and serum estradiol
      increase in hypophysectomized, diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated, 25-day-old
      female rats. Specific inhibition (84 +/- 7.4%) of ovarian weight increase was
      found in the material (5 ml) eluted from the orange A column with KCl (1.5 M, pH
      6.8). Inhibitory activity of the orange A-bound material which eluted through a
      standardized Sephadex G-100 column corresponded to a molecular weight of 12,000
      30,000. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) on a Sephadex G-15 support bed of orange A
      bound material demonstrated inhibitory activity at pH 3.7-4.0. Serial dilutions
      of active material from IEF preparations demonstrated a dose-response
      relationship in the bioassay. No demonstrable activity was found in similar
      fractions eluted through a Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B column with or without
      addition of alpha-methyl mannoside (2 M, pH 7). When active fractions were heated
      (56 degrees C, 1 h) or exposed to trypsin (10 mg%), activity was lost. When
      aliquots of the saturated ammonium sulfated precipitated, dialyzed, orange A
      bound, Sephadex G-100 (Ve/Vo 1.3-1.7) eluent were separated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) using gel exclusion columns, activity in the
      bioassay was recovered in the 18,000-35,000 molecular weight range.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426534
TI  - Selective release of follicle-stimulating hormone by 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone
      in immature ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats.
AB  - The effect of 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5 alpha-DHP) on gonadotropin release
      was examined in the immature acutely ovariectomized (OVX) rat primed with a low
      dose of estradiol (E2). Treatment with various doses of 5 alpha-DHP given in
      combination with E2 increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) but
      had no effect on serum luteinizing hormone (LH). A single injection of a
      maximally stimulating dose of 5 alpha-DHP (0.4 mg/kg) stimulated increases in
      serum FSH at 1200 h and, 6 h later, at 1800 h. Pituitary LH and FSH content was
      dramatically enhanced by 1600 h and levels remained elevated at 1800 h. The
      administration of pentobarbital at 1200 h, versus 1400 h or 1600 h, prevented the
      increase in basal serum FSH levels at 1800 h, implying that the release of
      hypothalamic LH releasing hormone (LHRH) is modulated by 5 alpha-DHP. In
      addition, changes in pituitary sensitivity to LHRH as a result of 5 alpha-DHP
      were measured and a significant increase in the magnitude of FSH release was
      observed at 1200 h and 1800 h. Although the LH response to LHRH in 5 alpha-DHP
      treated rats was not different from controls, the duration of LH release was
      lengthened. These results suggest that 5 alpha-DHP may stimulate FSH release by a
      direct action at the pituitary level. Together, these observations support the
      theory that 5 alpha-DHP mediates the facilitative effect of progesterone on FSH
      secretion and further suggests an action of 5 alpha-DHP in this phenomenon at
      both pituitary and hypothalamic sites.

PMID- 6426535
TI  - Regulation of the pulsatile releases of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating
      hormones in ovariectomized hamsters.
AB  - We have combined for modifications of common radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques to
      increase the sensitivity of the gonadotropin assays by an order of magnitude
      compared with those generated according to the instructions provided by the
      National Pituitary Agency. The four modifications are: a) enzymatic
      radioiodination, b) purification of radiolabeled hormones by Sephadex and
      concanavalin A chromatography, c) reduced first antibody concentration, and d) a
      prolonged incubation time. These methods increase the sensitivities of the RIAs
      and allow for the quantitation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in small volumes of plasma. We have used these
      methods to measure the changes in pulse frequency and amplitude of LH and FSH in
      ovariectomized hamsters after a variety of neuroendocrine manipulations.
      Alterations in catecholaminergic neurotransmission affect the frequency and
      amplitude of LH but not FSH release, and suggest that the hypothalamic mechanisms
      responsible for LH releasing hormone (LHRH)-mediated LH release are distinct from
      those that regulate FSH secretion. Further, alterations in LHRH-pituitary
      interactions (elicited by injections of LHRH antisera or a potent LHRH agonist),
      suggest the existence of separate control mechanisms responsible for LH and FSH
      release at the level of the adenohypophysis. Combined, these studies provide
      further evidence for complex and separate neuroendocrine regulatory control over
      the secretion of each gonadotropin.

PMID- 6426536
TI  - Effects of chronic D-Leu6, des-Gly10-gonadotropin releasing hormone ethylamide on
      male sex tissues.
AB  - The chronic administration of superactive agonists of gonadotropin releasing
      hormone (GnRH-A) have been reported to have a direct inhibitory effect on the sex
      tissues of the male rat. In an attempt to confirm or refute this statement, adult
      male rats were either left intact or were castrated and then treated daily for 14
      days with either testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or sesame oil
      (vehicle). Half of the intact and castrate animals also received daily injections
      of 200 ng of the GnRH agonist, D-Leu6, des-Gly10-GnRH ethylamide for 14 days.
      Twenty-four hours after completing treatment, blood levels of follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and T were measured by
      radioimmunoassay and the ventral prostate gland (VP), seminal vesicle (SV) and
      penis were weighed. After 2 weeks of GnRH-A treatment, the plasma T level was
      reduced from 2506 +/- 170 (pg/ml +/- SEM) in the intact, nontreated animals to
      907 +/- 69 in the intact, GnRH-A-treated group, indicating that the dosage of
      GnRH-A used in this study had an inhibiting effect on T secretion. No differences
      were observed in the VP, SV and penile weights between the castrate, GnRH-A and
      the castrate, nontreated groups. When exogenous T or DHT was given for 14 days to
      these castrated animals, the concomitant administration of GnRH-A did not appear
      to have any effect on the plasma T levels or the sex accessory tissue weights.
      These data suggest that GnRH-A itself does not appear to have a direct inhibitory
      or stimulatory effect on the sex tissues of the adult male rat.

PMID- 6426537
TI  - Effects of in vivo administration of testosterone propionate on in vitro
      production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by pituitaries
      of pony mares.
AB  - The in vitro incorporation of [3H]leucine into immunoprecipitable follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was assessed for
      pituitaries from pony mares treated with testosterone propionate (TP) or oil
      (controls). Mares were treated every other day with TP (n = 4) at 350
      micrograms/kg of body weight or with an equivalent volume of oil (n = 4). One day
      following the sixth injection of TP, each mare received an intravenous injection
      of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) at 1.0 micrograms/kg body weight and was
      bled frequently for 4 h. Treatment of mares with TP reduced FSH (P less than
      0.05) and LH (P less than 0.01) concentrations in daily blood samples and
      increased (P less than 0.01) the amount of FSH secreted in response to GnRH
      compared with control mares. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into immunoprecipitable
      FSH was also greater (P less than 0.01) in pituitaries from TP-treated mares
      compared with control mares on both a per mg tissue and per anterior pituitary
      basis. The amount of LH secreted after GnRH, the amount left in the pituitary and
      the incorporation of [3H]leucine into LH were not affected by treatment. These
      results confirm earlier conclusions drawn from indirect evidence that androgens
      increase the production of FSH in the mare.

PMID- 6426538
TI  - Temperature effects in the stimulus-secretion process from isolated chromaffin
      cells.
AB  - Temperature effects on the stimulus-secretion coupling process was studied by
      inducing release of catecholamines (CA) from isolated chromaffin cells of the
      bovine adrenal medulla. Use was made of three different secretagogues:
      acetylcholine (ACH), high potassium concentration, and the calcium ionophore
      A23187, at various incubation temperatures. The latter two agents induced a
      monotonic increase in secretion with rise in temperature, suggesting different
      regions of the dependence of total release on temperature. The ACH-induced
      secretion was, however, markedly different and exhibited a maximal release at 30
      degrees C. Kinetic experiments using ACH stimulus revealed that this maximum is
      produced by different temperature dependence in the stages of activation and
      desensitization. A proposed model for the total release process yields
      temperature-dependent parameters that can be divided into three regions of
      initial rates of secretory activity corresponding to the above independent
      findings using high K+ concentration and the calcium ionophore. The transitions
      between the various regions indicate possible transitions in the physical
      properties of the plasma and secretory granule membranes. Elucidation of the
      interaction between the membranes is of primary importance in the determining
      mechanism of CA secretion from the isolated adrenal medulla cell.

PMID- 6426539
TI  - Water exchange in plant tissue studied by proton NMR in the presence of
      paramagnetic centers.
AB  - The proton NMR relaxation of water in maize roots in the presence of paramagnetic
      centers, Mn2+, Mn- EDTA2 -, and dextran-magnetite was measured. It was shown that
      the NMR method of Conlon and Outhred (1972, Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 288:354-361)
      can be applied to a heterogenous multicellular system, and the water exchange
      time between cortical cells and the extracellular space can be calculated. The
      water exchange is presumably controlled by the intracellular unstirred layers.
      The Mn- EDTA2 - complex is a suitable paramagnetic compound for complex tissue,
      while the application of dextran-magnetite is probably restricted to studies of
      water exchange in cell suspensions. The water free space of the root and
      viscosity of the cells cytoplasm was estimated with the use of Mn- EDTA2 -. The
      convenience of proton NMR for studying the multiphase uptake of paramagnetic ions
      by plant root as well as their transport to leaves is demonstrated. A simple and
      rapid NMR technique (spin-echo recovery) for continuous measurement of the uptake
      process is presented.

PMID- 6426540
TI  - Kinetics of rouleau formation. II. Reversible reactions.
AB  - Red blood cells aggregate face-to-face to form long, cylindrical, straight chains
      and sometimes branched structures called rouleaux. Here we extend a kinetic model
      developed by R. W. Samsel and A. S. Perelson (1982, Biophys. J. 37:493-514) to
      include both the formation and dissociation of rouleaux. We examine thermodynamic
      constraints on the rate constants of the model imposed by the principle of
      detailed balance. Incorporation of reverse reactions allows us to compute mean
      sizes of rouleaux and straight chain segments within rouleaux, as functions of
      time and at equilibrium. Using the Flory - Stockmayer method from polymer
      chemistry, we obtain a closed-form solution for the size distribution of straight
      chain segments within rouleaux at any point in the evolution of the reaction. The
      predictions of our theory compare favorably with data collected by D. Kernick ,
      A.W.L. Jay , S. Rowlands , and L. Skibo (1973, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 51:690
      699) on the kinetics of rouleau formation. When rouleaux grow large, they may
      contain rings or loops and take on the appearance of a network. We demonstrate
      the importance of including the kinetics of ring closure in the development of
      realistic models of rouleaux formation.

PMID- 6426541
TI  - Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers of
      phthiocerols and mycocerosic alcohols from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - Mycobacteria synthesize a variety of unusual long-chain fatty acid esters and the
      systematic analysis of these is of great potential in the classification and
      identification of these bacteria. This paper describes the extraction, reductive
      fission and derivatization to tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers of beta-diesters,
      the phthiocerol dimycocerosates. The mass spectra of these ethers are
      characteristic of the parent alcohols and selected ion monitoring techniques have
      been applied to mixtures extracted from strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6426542
TI  - Putrescine metabolism: enzymatic formation and non-enzymatic isotope exchange of
      delta1-pyrroline.
AB  - The deamination of putrescine catalysed by diamine oxidase was carried out in
      deuterium oxide and deuterated buffers. Enamine and alpha, beta-unsaturated
      intermediates were excluded, based on the observation that deuterium was not
      incorporated into delta 1-pyrroline during its enzymatic formation in deuterium
      oxide. When the reaction mixture was buffered with phosphate, isolated delta 1
      pyrroline contained two deuterium atoms at C-3, indicating that a phosphate
      promoted, non-enzymatic isotope exchange had occurred. Using 5,5-dimethyl-delta 1
      pyrroline as a model compound, the nature of the non-enzymatic deuterium exchange
      was studied and a bifunctional catalysis mechanism proposed. The results suggest
      that the choice of buffer could alter the conclusions drawn from enzyme mechanism
      studies involving imine-enamine tautomerism .

PMID- 6426543
TI  - [Effect of CO2 on thrombocyte aggregation in the cat].
AB  - The antiaggregation ability of CO2 during ADP- and collagen-induced platelet
      aggregation has been discovered in cats under hypercapnia. The effect persisted
      after Pco2 normalization. The inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin
      suppressed the antiaggregation activity of CO2 in vivo but not in vitro. While
      estimating the regulatory role of CO2 in the metabolic control of cerebral
      circulation, it is also of importance to take into account the antiaggregation
      ability of CO2.

PMID- 6426544
TI  - [Characteristics of the growth of cells on a surface of limited area].
AB  - An original technique was used to study the growth pattern of cells of varying
      origin on limited areas (from 1 to 0.01 mm2). During cultivation on limited
      areas, the growth of primary and continuous fibroblast-like cells was inhibited,
      whereas that of normal and transformed epithelioid cells was not. The growth of
      fibroblast-like skin cells of diploid lines and human embryonal muscles was
      completely inhibited in cultivation on 0.1-0.02 mm2 areas and partially inhibited
      in cultivation on 0.03-0.16 mm2 areas. Other normal fibroblast-like cells used in
      the experiment were also marked by growth inhibition of varying degree during
      cultivation on limited areas. The technique suggested and the data thus obtained
      may be used for studying substrate-cell and cell-cell interactions, selection of
      epithelioid cells, and the development of optimal microcarrier technology for
      cell cultures.

PMID- 6426545
TI  - [Comparison of the immunodepressive action of microbial deamidases from different
      sources].
AB  - The role of glutaminase activity of microbial deamidases in the immunodepressant
      action of these enzymes was studied. Escherichia coli asparaginase, asparagin and
      glutamin deamidases from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Mycobacterium album were
      found to have an inhibitory effect on the PHA-stimulated lymphocyte blast
      transformation. The inhibitory activity of deamidases with the asparaginase
      glutaminase ratios 1 : 1.5 and 1 : 1.3 was one order of magnitude higher than
      that of Escherichia coli asparaginase with the ratio 1 : 0.02. It is assumed that
      glutaminase activity plays an essential role in the immunodepressant action of
      deamidases .

PMID- 6426546
TI  - [Changes in the properties of human erythrocyte membranes in the presence of
      isoimmune antibodies].
AB  - Light diffusion was used to study the properties of the red cell membrane of
      human heparinized blood under the action of different concentrations of isoimmune
      anti-erythrocyte anti-Rh antibodies. An increase was found in the temperature of
      phase transitions and density of the red cell membrane, which depended on the
      antibody activity. These changes were also observed in the presence of low
      antibody concentrations, provoking no conspicuous agglutination.

PMID- 6426547
TI  - [Sensitivity of BALB/c and WR strain mice to the immunodepressive action of
      cyclophosphamide and thiophosphamide].
AB  - Experiments were made on BALB/cJ YSto and WR/Y mice to study the
      immunosuppressant action of cyclophosphamide (CP) and thiophosphamide (thiotepa)
      in vivo. WR mice were found to be significantly more sensitive to the
      immunosuppressant action of thiotepa than BALB/c mice and to have similar
      sensitivity to the action of CP. BALB/c mice appeared highly resistant to the
      action of both the drugs. Based on the data obtained and those reported in the
      literature a possible parallelism is suggested between the mutagenic and
      immunosuppressant action of CP and thiotepa.

PMID- 6426548
TI  - Collagen-factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein interaction.
AB  - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) protein interaction with collagen
      was studied by incubating plasma or purified FVIII/vWF with purified type I
      fibrillar collagen. Collagen adsorbed FVIII/vWF activities in a similar time and
      concentration-dependent manner from normal plasma, plasmas from classical and
      variant type von Willebrand's disease (vWD), and from purified FVIII/vWF.
      Incubation with denatured collagen or fibrin, produced in the presence or absence
      of fibronectin, showed no adsorption of FVIII/vWF. Examination of the multimeric
      structure of the remaining unadsorbed FVIII/vWF protein by agarose gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that the largest multimers had been
      adsorbed to the collagen. Studies of the adsorbed FVIII/vWF protein when eluted
      from collagen showed that it complemented the alterations in multimeric structure
      observed in the supernatants following collagen exposure. The multimeric
      structure of normal plasma following collagen adsorption resembled that of
      unadsorbed type IIb plasma; however, the collagen-adsorbed normal plasma did not
      produce enhanced ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation ( RIPA ). This
      phenomenon, therefore, must not be due solely to absence of large multimers from
      type IIb FVIII/vWF protein. The adsorbed multimers of FVIII/vWF protein may act
      as a subendothelial collagen-platelet bridge to promote primary hemostasis.

PMID- 6426549
TI  - Stabilization of thrombin-activated porcine factor VIII:C by factor IXa
      phospholipid.
AB  - The activation of porcine factor X by an enzymatic complex consisting of
      activated factor IX (factor IXa), thrombin-activated factor VIII:C (factor
      VIII:Ca), phospholipid vesicles, and calcium was studied in the presence of an
      irreversible inhibitor of factor Xa, 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl
      glutamyl-glycyl-arginyl- chloro met hyl ketone ( DEGR -CK). The formation of
      factor Xa was measured continuously by monitoring the increase in solution
      fluorescence intensity that occurs upon formation of DEGR -factor Xa. Omission of
      any component from the enzymatic complex reduced the reaction rate to a
      negligible level. In the presence of fixed excess factor IXa, the velocity of
      factor X activation was linearly dependent on the concentration of factor VIII:C,
      and thus, provided a plasma-free assay of factor VIII:C. Activation of factor
      VIII:C by 0.1 NIH U/ml thrombin in the presence of factor IXa, phospholipid
      vesicles, and calcium, followed at variable time intervals by the addition of
      factor X and DEGR -CK, was complete within 5 min, as judged by the fluorometric
      assay, and resulted in little or no loss of factor VIII:C activity over a period
      of 20 min; whereas, activation in the absence of either IXa or phospholipid
      vesicles decreased the half-life of factor VIII:C to approximately 5 min.
      Analysis of 125I-factor VIII:C-derived activation peptides by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel radioelectrophoresis revealed identical results,
      regardless of whether factor IXa and/or phospholipid vesicles were included in
      the activation, suggesting that the lability of factor VIII:Ca is not due to a
      major alteration of its primary structure. We conclude that the activated porcine
      factor VIII:C molecule is stabilized markedly because of its interaction with
      factor IXa and phospholipid.

PMID- 6426550
TI  - A unique precipitating autoantibody against plasma thromboplastin antecedent
      associated with multiple apparent plasma clotting factor deficiencies in a
      patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 42-yr-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus without bleeding diathesis
      developed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time that was not
      corrected by normal plasma. An inhibitor that acted rapidly and inactivated 0.5
      U/ml plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI) at a 1:200 plasma dilution
      was demonstrated. In addition to a low titer of PTA (less than 0.01 U/ml), plasma
      assayed at 20-fold dilution also showed low titers of Hageman (factor XII, 0.02
      U/ml), Fletcher (plasma prekallikrein, 0.02 U/ml), and Fitzgerald (high molecular
      weight kininogen, less than 0.01 U/ml) factors. The titer of these factors,
      except PTA, returned to normal upon further plasma dilution or upon removal of
      the inhibitor by protein A adsorption. Thus, the inhibitor appeared to interfere
      with these clotting factor assays, possibly by inactivating PTA in the substrate
      plasmas in the test system. Its specificity was further confirmed. The inhibitor
      did not interfere with surface-induced proteolytic cleavage of Hageman factor.
      Surface-induced generation of plasma kallikrein activity (amidolysis of H-D-pro
      phe-arg-pNa and cold-promoted factor VII activity enhancement) requires only
      Hageman, Fletcher, and Fitzgerald factors and was normal. Reactions requiring all
      4 contact phase factors, including PTA, such as surface-induced generation of
      plasmin activity (amidolysis of H-D-val-leu-lys-pNa) and activated Christmas
      factor (factor IXa) activity, were defective. Furthermore, the inhibitor bound to
      agarose-protein A inactivated and removed PTA selectively from normal plasma. The
      inhibitor was an IgG-lambda autoantibody that precipitated PTA. The inactivated
      activated PTA (factor XIa) without the requirement for an additional cofactor.
      Furthermore, it inhibited surface-induced activation of PTA by interfering with
      its proteolytic cleavage upon glass surface exposure and with its binding onto
      the reactive surfaces.

PMID- 6426551
TI  - A new variant of dominant type II von Willebrand's disease with aberrant
      multimeric pattern of factor VIII-related antigen (type IID).
AB  - A new type II variant form of von Willebrand's disease has been recognized in a
      mother and daughter who have bleeding manifestations typical of von Willebrand's
      disease. Laboratory findings include consistently prolonged bleeding times, with
      normal levels of factor VIII procoagulant and antigen, but decreased ristocetin
      cofactor activity. Electrophoresis in SDS 1.5% agarose gel and reaction with 125I
      labeled anti-factor VIII-related antigen rabbit IgG, followed by autoradiography,
      revealed that both plasma and platelets lack the large multimers of factor VIII
      related antigen. In 2.5% gel, the propositus plasma lacked the normal "triplet"
      pattern. In 3.0% gel, a 5-band pattern was observed in normal, type IIA, and type
      IIB plasma, whereas type IIC plasma revealed a 2-band pattern. The patient's
      plasma revealed a 4-band pattern distinctly different from normal or other type
      II variants. We suggest that this new variant be labeled type IID, until a more
      appropriate nomenclature is developed.

PMID- 6426552
TI  - Radiation effects on cultured human monocytes and on monocyte-derived
      macrophages.
AB  - Prior to administration, leukocyte transfusions are commonly irradiated with up
      to 5,000 R to eliminate lymphocytes and thereby prevent graft-versus-host disease
      in the recipient. It has been widely believed that phagocytes are resistant to
      this irradiation. In a recent report, we noted that phagocyte oxidative
      metabolism was compromised during preparation of white cells for transfusion. As
      part of our effort to examine the basis for this inhibition of phagocyte function
      during white cell preparation, we assessed the effects of irradiation on the long
      lived monocytes that have been shown to persist at inflammatory foci
      posttransfusion. Human monocytes were irradiated for up to 3 min, receiving 2,500
      5,000 R. This irradiation damaged human monocytes, significantly decreasing their
      in vitro survival for the first 3 wk of culture (p less than 0.02, irradiated
      versus control survival), and growth as assessed by two-dimensional cell size
      measurements during the first 2 wk of culture (p less than 0.01, irradiated
      versus control growth). Despite smaller cell size, total cell protein was
      significantly increased over time in irradiated cultures (p less than 0.001,
      irradiated versus control total protein per cell). Extracellular release of
      lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase per cell was not affected by irradiation, but
      extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was significantly increased
      after irradiation (p less than 0.001, irradiated versus control LDH release).
      Irradiated monocytes killed Listeria monocytogenes at a slower rate than the
      nonirradiated controls (p less than 0.05, irradiated versus control rate of
      killing). Thus, the data indicate that irradiation in doses used to prevent graft
      versus-host disease in leukocyte transfusion recipients has a deleterious effect
      on in vitro human monocyte survival and function.

PMID- 6426553
TI  - Characterization of 25 monoclonal antibodies to factor VIII-von Willebrand
      factor: relationship between ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and platelet
      adherence to subendothelium.
AB  - We have studied the role of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor (FVIII-vWF) in both
      platelet adherence to subendothelium and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
      using monoclonal antibodies to human FVIII-vWF. Twenty-five monoclonal antibodies
      were obtained, two of which were directed to the factor VIII moiety of FVIII-vWF;
      one of these two completely inhibited the procoagulant activity (FVIII:C). The
      remaining 23 monoclonal antibodies were directed to the von Willebrand factor
      moiety of FVIII-vWF. The ability of the latter monoclonal antibodies to inhibit
      platelet adherence to arterial subendothelium was investigated with a perfusion
      model. According to the number of platelets adhering to the subendothelium, three
      groups of monoclonal antibodies could be discerned: (A) antibodies not affecting
      platelet adherence; (B) antibodies that inhibited platelet adherence to the level
      as observed when von Willebrand's disease plasma was tested; and (C) antibodies
      that completely inhibited both platelet adherence to subendothelium and
      ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. The two antibodies present in group C
      competed for the same or closely related epitope(s) present on FVIII-vWF. These
      results demonstrate that a domain is present on the FVIII-vWF molecule that is
      associated both with ristocetin-induced aggregation and with the ability of FVIII
      vWF to support platelet adherence to the subendothelium. Based on these
      observations, it is concluded that ristocetin-induced binding of FVIII-vWF to
      platelets reflects, at least in part, a physiologic mechanism regulating the
      function of FVIII-vWF in primary hemostasis.

PMID- 6426554
TI  - Pharmacologic inhibition of thromboxane synthetase and platelet aggregation:
      modulatory role of cyclooxygenase products.
AB  - Dazoxiben , an imidazole-derived selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
      synthetase, prevented TxB2 synthesis in vitro in platelet-rich plasma from 16
      normal subjects. Inhibition of TxB2 synthesis was accompanied by increased
      generation of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGD2, as shown by radioimmunoassay, thin
      layer radiochromatography, and high-resolution gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Even at dazoxiben concentrations (40-80 microM) above those
      inhibiting TxB2 synthesis, platelet aggregation induced by threshold
      concentrations of arachidonic acid was inhibited in only 4 of 16 subjects,
      referred to as responders. The remaining 12 individuals were defined as
      nonresponders. The aggregating effect of arachidonic acid and of the
      prostaglandin-endoperoxide analog U-46619 was potentiated by PGE2 and prevented
      by PGD2 at concentrations within the range of those detected in dazoxiben 
      treated platelet-rich plasma. The antiaggregating effect of dazoxiben was
      counteracted by PGE2 (in responders) and was potentiated by PGD2 (in
      nonresponders). Platelets from responders and nonresponders did not differ in the
      amount of immunoreactive PGE2 material or in their sensitivity to U-46619 or
      PGD2. It is concluded that inhibition of thromboxane synthetase does not per se
      prevent platelet aggregation. The functional result of thromboxane suppression
      appears to be modulated by an interplay of the prostaglandin-endoperoxides, PGE2
      and PGD2, which are formed in excess.

PMID- 6426555
TI  - Effects of free fatty acid infusion on rabbit pulmonary surfactant. Influence of
      corticosteroids.
AB  - We studied the effect of free fatty acids (FFA) i.v. on alveolar lung surfactant
      content of rabbits. A FFA mixture was given in doses from 0.1 to 20 mg X kg-1 X
      min-1 during 15 min in seven different experimental series (n = 45). Disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) content in lung airway lavage fluid was measured as an
      index of alveolar surfactant pool. DSPC was significantly increased (p less than
      0.05) by 86% in the series receiving 20 mg FFA X kg-1 X min-1 as compared to
      control values (means +/- SD: 4.4 +/- 1.1 mg DSPC X kg-1 body weight). Smaller
      doses of FFA did not change DSPC, but induced a dose-related pulmonary oedema.
      All the rabbits receiving 20 mg FFA X kg-1 X min-1 died before completion of the
      15 min infusion; they were hypoxaemic, hyperventilated and had a decrease in lung
      compliance. Hydrocortisone (20 mg X kg-1 i.v.) and methylprednisolone (30 mg X kg
      1 i.v.) administered 2 h before FFA blocked the increase of DSPC induced by 20 mg
      FFA X kg-1 X min-1. Both drugs decreased pulmonary oedema and tended to normalize
      some of the pulmonary function indices, although they did not modify the
      lethality. In conclusion, acute i.v. infusion of FFA increased alveolar
      surfactant pool and produced pulmonary oedema; pretreatment with corticosteroids
      reduced these effects and protected the lung from some of the noxious effects of
      FFA.

PMID- 6426556
TI  - Hypercapnia during maximal exercise in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
AB  - The pattern of breathing during maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) was studied in 26
      patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), in whom the vital capacity (VC),
      forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and residual volume (RV) were measured.
      The patients performed, on a cycle ergometer, in a sitting position, a submaximal
      (A) and a maximal (B) exercise in a single session during which three arterial
      blood samples (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, lactate) were taken: the first at rest, the
      second at the 10th min of steady-state 40 W exercise, and the third at maximal
      VO2. VE, VCO2, VO2, respiratory rate (RR) and VT were measured with an open
      circuit. Physiological dead space (VD) and alveolar to arterial O2 pressure
      differences (A-aPO2) were computed. According to the measured value of PaCO2 at
      maximal exercise, the patients were divided in non-hypercapnic (NH; PaCO2 less
      than 44 mmHg; n = 17) and hypercapnic (H; PaCO2 greater than 44 mmHg; n = 9)
      groups, and were compared with a group of normal subjects (N; n = 11). At rest,
      VC, FEV1, FEV1/VC ratio, TLC and PaO2 were more decreased in H than in NH
      patients. However, RV, VE, RR and VT did not differ between H and NH patients.
      PaCO2 at rest was comparable in N and H subjects but was significantly lower in
      NH patients. During B exercise, VE, VO2 and PaO2 were lower in H patients. With
      both A and B exercises, the H patients showed a lower VT and VT/VC ratio with a
      higher VD/VT ratio, while A-aPO2 were the same in NH and H patients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426557
TI  - Zinc and chromium in parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6426558
TI  - Copper in parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6426559
TI  - The importance of selenium in total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6426560
TI  - Parenteral trace elements: iron.

PMID- 6426561
TI  - Molybdenum--is it an essential trace metal?

PMID- 6426562
TI  - Manganese in enteral and parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6426563
TI  - Fluoride, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, and silicon in total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6426564
TI  - Toxicity of lead, cadmium, and mercury: considerations for total parenteral
      nutritional support.

PMID- 6426565
TI  - Aluminum toxicity.

PMID- 6426566
TI  - Current status of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical patients.

PMID- 6426567
TI  - [Studies on chemical analysis of mycotoxin (IX)--with special reference to the
      confirmation analysis of aflatoxin B1].

PMID- 6426569
TI  - "Inverted" diverticulum mimicking an ulcerated duodenal tumour.

PMID- 6426568
TI  - The importance of endogenous prostaglandins other than prostacyclin, for the
      modulation of contractility of some rabbit blood vessels.
AB  - Helically cut strips of rabbit aorta, extrapulmonary artery, coeliac artery, and
      femoral artery were set up in organ baths. Contractions of the strips by
      noradrenaline and angiotensin II were recorded isotonically. The release of
      prostaglandins 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, E2, F2 alpha, D2 and thromboxane B2 from the
      strips was measured by means of sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays. All
      blood vessels released a characteristic pattern of cyclo-oxygenase products.
      Prostacyclin (PGI2, measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) was the major compound formed,
      followed by smaller amounts of PGE2 and traces of PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and
      thromboxane A2 (measured as thromboxane B2). The pulmonary and the femoral artery
      had comparatively high abilities to synthesize PGE2. Contractions induced by
      noradrenaline increased prostaglandin release from the pulmonary artery but not
      from the other blood vessels. Angiotensin II-induced contractions were
      accompanied by a marked prostaglandin release from the coeliac artery. After
      angiotensin II, prostaglandin release was also enhanced in the pulmonary artery,
      but remained essentially unchanged in the aorta and femoral artery. Arachidonic
      acid markedly increased the levels of all prostaglandin formed. Indomethacin
      inhibited the formation of all prostaglandins below the detection limits of the
      respective radioimmunoassays. Indomethacin treatment induced a qualitatively
      similar shifting of the concentration-response curves of noradrenaline and
      angiotensin II in some vessels: the concentration-response curves remained
      unchanged for the aorta, were slightly shifted to the left of the pulmonary
      artery, were markedly shifted to the left for the coeliac artery, and were
      shifted to the right for the femoral artery. 7 Exogenous PGI2 strongly and
      concentration-dependently inhibited contractions induced by the approximate EC50
      of noradrenaline in the coeliac artery, but was without effect on the other three
      preparations. PGE2 had no effect on noradrenaline-induced contractions of the
      aorta, inhibited those of the pulmonary and the coeliac artery, but markedly
      potentiated those of the femoral artery. PGF2 alpha significantly enhanced
      contractions of the femoral artery, but increased contractions of the other
      preparations were not significant. PGD2 was without effect on any preparation. 8
      In conclusion, the contractility of the aorta does not seem to be modulated
      substantially by prostaglandins. The major prostanoid regulating the tone of the
      coeliac artery was found to be PGI2. The contractility of the pulmonary and
      especially the femoral artery is probably not modulated by PGI2 but rather by
      PGE2. 9 These observations suggest that in certain blood vessels, prostaglandins
      other than PGI2 are important endogenous modulators of contractility.

PMID- 6426570
TI  - Stereotactic heavy-ion Bragg peak radiosurgery for intra-cranial vascular
      disorders: method for treatment of deep arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - The present paper represents the first clinical report of the use of
      stereotactically-directed narrow beams of helium ions from the 184-inch
      Synchrocyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for the radiosurgical
      treatment of life-threatening vascular disorders of the brain, including
      inoperable or inaccessible deep arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and carotid
      artery-cavernous sinus fistulas ( CCFs ). We describe the methods developed for
      stereotactic neuroradiological imaging and stereotactic helium-ion Bragg peak
      radiosurgery in the evaluation and treatment of the first 55 patients with deep
      AVMs in a clinical research protocol. We discuss the diagnosis and
      epidemiological characteristics of the diseases, the neurosurgical and
      radiosurgical methods of treatment available and the initial experience of
      stereotactic helium-ion Bragg peak radiosurgery , including stereotactic
      neuroradiological evaluation, treatment planning, heavy-ion beams, patient
      treatment protocol, early clinical results, patient evaluation and follow-up
      studies planned, and conclusions thus far obtained.

PMID- 6426571
TI  - Clinical aspects of a rotational total skin electron irradiation.
AB  - A simple rotational total skin electron irradiation technique utilising a single
      large field electron beam is presented. Clinical and technical aspects of the
      technique are discussed and treatment results for the first 10 patients treated
      for widespread mycosis fungoides reported. The technique is simple and well
      tolerated by patients, and can easily be implemented in centres utilising
      electron beam radiotherapy.

PMID- 6426572
TI  - Scapuloiliac dysostosis.

PMID- 6426573
TI  - Excision of pharyngoesophageal diverticula using a surgical stapling device.

PMID- 6426574
TI  - Nocturnal asthma: mechanisms and treatment.

PMID- 6426575
TI  - General practitioner hospitals: coming or going?

PMID- 6426576
TI  - Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular
      disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in
      1913.
AB  - In a prospective study of risk factors for ischaemic heart disease 792 54 year
      old men selected by year of birth (1913) and residence in Gothenburg agreed to
      attend for questioning and a battery of anthropometric and other measurements in
      1967. Thirteen years later these baseline findings were reviewed in relation to
      the numbers of men who had subsequently suffered a stroke, ischaemic heart
      disease, or death from all causes. Neither quintiles nor deciles of initial
      indices of obesity (body mass index, sum of three skinfold thickness
      measurements, waist or hip circumference) showed a significant correlation with
      any of the three end points studied. Statistically significant associations were,
      however, found between the waist to hip circumference ratio and the occurrence of
      stroke (p = 0.002) and ischaemic heart disease (p = 0.04). When the confounding
      effect of body mass index or the sum of three skinfold thicknesses was accounted
      for the waist to hip circumference ratio was significantly associated with all
      three end points. This ratio, however, was not an independent long term predictor
      of these end points when smoking, systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol
      concentration were taken into account. These results indicate that in middle aged
      men the distribution of fat deposits may be a better predictor of cardiovascular
      disease and death than the degree of adiposity.

PMID- 6426577
TI  - Relative contribution of humoral and metastatic factors to the pathogenesis of
      hypercalcaemia in malignancy.
AB  - Some relations between metastatic bone disease and calcium homoeostasis were
      determined in a consecutive series of 81 patients with solid malignant tumours
      attending for radionuclide bone scans. Biochemical evaluation showed that bone
      resorption from metastatic disease was generally not enough to account for
      hypercalcaemia. While skeletal metastases were present in about half of the
      patients who developed hypercalcaemia, biochemical indices of bone resorption in
      these subjects were greatly increased and disproportionate to the extent of
      metastatic disease detected by the bone scans. Furthermore, a reduced renal
      phosphate threshold and increased tubular calcium reabsorption were generally
      observed in hypercalcaemic patients when compared with their normocalcaemic
      counterparts. These findings suggest that in most cases malignancy associated
      hypercalcaemia may be caused by the release of a humoral factor by tumour tissue
      which exhibits "parathyroid-hormone-like" activity with regard to bone
      resorption, renal phosphate threshold, and renal calcium handling. It may be
      postulated that this putative humoral mediator predisposes to hypercalcaemia both
      by stimulating generalised osteolysis and in most cases also by impairing the
      renal excretion of the resultant increase in filtered calcium load. While
      hypercalcaemia may arise as a result of metastatic bone disease alone, these data
      indicate that this may be the exception rather than the rule. Hence the term
      "metastatic hypercalcaemia" should probably be reserved for patients with
      extensive skeletal tumour disease in whom biochemical evaluation fails to yield
      evidence of an underlying humorally mediated cause.

PMID- 6426578
TI  - How well can we predict coronary heart disease? Findings in the United Kingdom
      Heart Disease Prevention Project.
AB  - The probability of myocardial infarction developing over five years in a group of
      middle aged men was predicted with knowledge of their ages, blood pressures,
      cholesterol concentrations, and smoking habits as recorded in an initial
      screening examination. Although the top 15% of the risk distribution predicted
      115 (32%) of the subsequent cases of myocardial infarction, there was a
      considerable overlap in predicted risk between those subjects who did and those
      who did not go on to develop a myocardial infarction. Of the subjects in the top
      15% of risk, only 72 (7%) of those initially free of coronary heart disease and
      43 (22%) of those initially with coronary heart disease actually developed a
      myocardial infarction over the subsequent five years. Thus, although a group of
      subjects at high risk can be identified, among whom will be a high proportion of
      potential victims of heart attack, many subjects will be wrongly classified.
      These findings may explain part of the difficulty in persuading patients of the
      potential benefits of reducing risks and highlight the need for research to
      improve the prediction of the development of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6426579
TI  - Therapeutic venous infarction of an aldosterone producing adenoma (Conn's
      tumour).

PMID- 6426580
TI  - Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity related to changes in haemoglobin concentration.

PMID- 6426581
TI  - Respiratory symptoms related to work in a factory manufacturing cimetidine
      tablets.

PMID- 6426582
TI  - Screening for steatorrhoea with an oxalate loading test.

PMID- 6426583
TI  - Testicular carcinoma in situ in children with the androgen insensitivity
      (testicular feminisation) syndrome.

PMID- 6426584
TI  - Finding funds.

PMID- 6426585
TI  - Making an appointment system work.

PMID- 6426586
TI  - Mental illness in inner London.
AB  - From the perspective of general practice, hospital data indicating that the
      prevalence of mental illness is much higher in inner London than elsewhere in
      Britain may be misleading. A study in five inner London practices found morbidity
      patterns for mental disorder similar to those recorded in a national survey.

PMID- 6426587
TI  - Child consultation patterns in general practice comparing "high" and "low"
      consulting families.
AB  - All children's consultations with their general practitioner over a 12 month
      period in a small urban practice were analysed. Overall consultation rates ranged
      from 2.2 per child a year for 8 to 11 year olds, to 6.8 for those under 2.
      Families were grouped according to their average rate of new consultation for
      children, standardised for age. Families with higher consulting rates scored
      higher on an index of economic disadvantage, with mothers who scored higher on a
      test of "tendency to consult" and who were less educated than those in lower
      consulting families. The presence of any doctor-defined "significant disease" in
      any child was highly correlated with the family's consultation rate.

PMID- 6426588
TI  - Planned and unplanned deliveries at home: implications of a changing ratio.
AB  - The observation that perinatal mortality among babies delivered at home has
      tended to increase beyond that among babies delivered in consultant obstetric
      units has caused alarm and prompted recommendations that delivery at home should
      be further phased out. With data derived from the Cardiff Births Survey the
      possibility was investigated that this trend might reflect a changing ratio of
      planned to unplanned domiciliary births. At the beginning of the 1970s deliveries
      at home that were planned to be so outnumbered those that were not by nearly five
      to one. By 1979 unplanned deliveries at home outnumbered planned deliveries. The
      characteristics of the mothers, the health care they received, and the outcome of
      delivery differed strikingly between planned and unplanned deliveries at home. It
      is concluded, firstly, that every year the maternity services must try to meet
      the various needs of about 2000 women in England and Wales who give birth at home
      without planning to do so; and, secondly, that the heterogeneity of births at
      home and in hospital will continue to obstruct the search for unbiased estimates
      of the risks attributable to delivery in specialist obstetric units, general
      practitioner units, and at home.

PMID- 6426589
TI  - Major disaster planning.
AB  - In 1983 a coach crash brought a hospital's major disaster plan into operation.
      The surgical aspects of the plan were assessed to see how well they matched up to
      three major aims: saving life, relieving pain and distress, and completing
      primary treatment of open wounds within eight hours of the accident. The last
      goal was not met for most of the 21 victims, mainly children with multiple deep
      dirty abrasions and extensive tissue loss. Having determined that none of the
      victims were in immediate danger the surgeons reassessed the priorities--in
      several cases disturbing dressings for a third or fourth time. The total time
      spent in theatre (in five theatres) was 37 hours, as opposed to the original
      estimated 10-15 hours. The experience gained in this accident suggests that a
      disaster plan should indicate the number of patients a single hospital can admit
      and that a senior surgeon should act as a coordinator and get surgeons working as
      soon as patients arrive, keeping two theatres reserved for lifesaving surgery. In
      this way primary treatment of wounds may be completed within eight hours of
      injury and the risk of infection reduced.

PMID- 6426590
TI  - Appropriate technology for diagnostic imaging in small hospitals.

PMID- 6426591
TI  - Contribution of isolated general practitioner maternity units.
AB  - A postal survey of isolated general practitioner maternity units in England and
      Wales showed that just under 4% of deliveries take place in them. Eight per cent
      of general practitioners are on the staffs, and in 87% of units midwives are
      integrated with the community midwifery service. Sixty two per cent of units have
      visiting consultant cover. Fifty seven per cent of patients are booked and
      delivered in the unit, 28% are booked and deliberately delivered elsewhere, 5%
      are transferred in the antenatal period, and 10% transferred as emergencies. The
      perinatal mortality rate for cases booked and delivered in the units is 1.1 per
      1000. The number of emergency transfers was appreciably less for those units that
      were prepared to do their own operations. Thirty five per cent of these units are
      liable to be cut off in bad weather, and they will continue to fulfil an
      essential role in the midwifery services.

PMID- 6426592
TI  - ABC of asthma. Clinical course.

PMID- 6426593
TI  - Memory loss.

PMID- 6426594
TI  - Obstruction of the fetal urinary tract: a role for surgical intervention in
      utero?

PMID- 6426595
TI  - Maternal plasma volume and disorders of pregnancy.

PMID- 6426596
TI  - Treatment of end stage renal disease.

PMID- 6426597
TI  - Acute stridor in a preschool child.

PMID- 6426598
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy.

PMID- 6426599
TI  - Drug induced Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6426600
TI  - What carbohydrate foods should diabetics eat?

PMID- 6426601
TI  - Fractures and hypercalciuria: two markers of severe dependence in alcoholics.

PMID- 6426602
TI  - Haemoperfusion in acute intermittent porphyria.

PMID- 6426603
TI  - Risks of radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6426604
TI  - Postmarketing surveillance of adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 6426605
TI  - Development of pituitary adenoma in women with hyperprolactinaemia.

PMID- 6426606
TI  - Quality assessment in health.

PMID- 6426607
TI  - Private rest homes: answers needed.

PMID- 6426608
TI  - Drugs and porphyria.

PMID- 6426609
TI  - Can we assess the effects of acupuncture?

PMID- 6426610
TI  - Detection by monoclonal antibody of carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum of
      patients with carcinoma.
AB  - A solid phase radioimmunoassay was devised for measuring the value of the
      carcinoma associated carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum based on the use of a
      specific monoclonal antibody (C 50). Samples of serum from 259 patients with
      carcinoma, 114 patients with other malignancies or inflammatory diseases, and 150
      healthy controls were examined. Serum values of CA 50 exceeding the mean plus
      three standard deviations for control samples from blood donors were found in a
      high proportion of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas (50% of those with
      early, localised tumours and 75% of advanced cases), other gastrointestinal
      carcinomas (69%), uterine cancer (75% of those with corporeal and 88% of those
      with cervical cancer), prostatic cancer (90%), lung cancer (52%), and breast,
      ovarian, kidney, and urinary bladder carcinoma (26-67%). The CA 50 values in
      samples from patients with inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis,
      with rare exceptions (0-7%) were within the normal range, as were those in
      patients with various sarcomas and malignant melanoma. Measuring serum values of
      CA 50, which is evidently a generalised carcinoma associated antigen, may be
      useful in clinical research studies of the diagnosis, management, and prognosis
      of patients with different types of carcinoma.

PMID- 6426611
TI  - Hyperadrenergic syndrome in severe tetanus: extreme rise in catecholamines
      responsive to labetalol.
AB  - The hyperadrenergic syndrome that occurs in tetanus is characterised by
      hypertension, tachycardia, and increased systemic arteriolar resistance. A 74
      year old man with tetanus was found to have very high catecholamine
      concentrations--as high as those in phaeochromocytoma--and the fluctuations in
      blood pressure and heart rate were measured to see whether they paralleled
      changes in the catecholamine values. A labetalol infusion of 0.25-1 mg/min
      gradually stabilised the cardiovascular disturbances and the patient recovered.

PMID- 6426612
TI  - Serum fructosamine concentrations in patients with type II (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetes mellitus during changes in management.
AB  - The serum fructosamine concentration was examined as a new means to monitor
      metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes during changes in management.
      Weekly fructosamine estimations were compared with glycosylated haemoglobin
      (HbA1c), 24 hour urinary glucose, and fasting plasma glucose concentrations in a
      17 week study entailing withdrawal and reinstitution of oral treatment. The serum
      fructosamine concentration was more sensitive than the other measurements in
      detecting a deterioration in diabetic control after stopping oral hypoglycaemic
      drugs. The response to reinstitution of treatment was not significant in the
      first three weeks (p = 0.266), despite a highly significant reduction in fasting
      plasma glucose (p = 0.001) and 24 hour urinary glucose concentrations (p =
      0.012). Compared with HbA1c, concentrations of fructosamine appeared more useful
      in monitoring short term (three to six weeks) changes after alterations in
      management of diabetes. Additional advantages were lower cost and technical
      simplicity of measurement.

PMID- 6426613
TI  - Central venous concentrations of immunoreactive prostaglandins E, F, and 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 in eclampsia.
AB  - Concentrations of prostaglandins E, F, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were
      estimated in central venous blood and amniotic fluid in 21 women with eclampsia
      and 16 healthy pregnant controls. Central venous blood concentrations of 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E were significantly lower in patients
      than controls before delivery and remained reduced for at least 48 hours after
      delivery. Low concentrations of prostaglandins E and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1
      alpha are probably directly related to the pathogenesis of eclampsia.

PMID- 6426614
TI  - Long term prognosis after occlusion of middle cerebral artery.
AB  - Seventy patients who had developed occlusion of the middle cerebral artery
      confirmed by angiography between 1970 and 1980 were followed up after an average
      of six years. Fourteen patients had died in the acute stage of the initial
      stroke. In the remaining 56 patients actuarial analysis showed that the observed
      incidence of survival for five years was 81.8% compared with an incidence of
      94.1% in a matched normal population. Six patients sustained new strokes, four of
      which were ipsilateral to the middle cerebral artery occlusion. The observed
      cumulative incidence of subsequent strokes was 2% a year for the first five years
      of follow up. Twelve patients developed epileptic seizures.

PMID- 6426615
TI  - Respiratory viruses and sudden infant death.
AB  - Viruses were shown to be present in the respiratory tract in 200 of 763 cases of
      the sudden infant death syndrome studied in the nine years 1974-82.
      Epidemiological and pathological evidence suggested that the distribution of
      viruses in the sudden infant death syndrome differs between infants aged 3 months
      or less and those aged over 3 months: the incidence of detection of virus was 14%
      in the younger group compared with 39% in the older group. The distribution of
      the viruses in these two groups was compared with that in 1341 live infants with
      respiratory virus infections. Adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus,
      and rhinovirus had similar distribution among the victims of the sudden infant
      death syndrome and live controls. The incidence of detection of respiratory
      syncytial virus was increased in the older infants dying of the sudden infant
      death syndrome (90% of the cases detected) compared with the older group of live
      infants (53%). Antibody studies, detection of virus, and epidemiological data
      suggest that respiratory syncytial virus may be a precipitating factor of sudden
      death in older infants.

PMID- 6426616
TI  - Analgesia in acute pancreatitis: comparison of buprenorphine and pethidine.

PMID- 6426617
TI  - Treatment of severe poisoning with slow release theophylline.

PMID- 6426619
TI  - Trivia, triage, and treatment.

PMID- 6426618
TI  - Controlled trial of three different antismoking interventions in general
      practice.
AB  - Of 6052 adult patients who consulted their doctors in six Oxfordshire general
      practices between October 1980 and February 1981, 2110 (35%) were smokers. The
      smokers were allocated to one of four study groups--a control (non-intervention)
      group; a group that received verbal and written antismoking advice from the
      general practitioner; a group that received this advice and also a demonstration
      of exhaled carbon monoxide; and a group that received the advice plus the offer
      of further help from a health visitor. After one year 72% of smokers replied to a
      postal follow up questionnaire: 11% of the control group claimed to have stopped
      smoking compared with 15% in the group that received advice alone, 17% in the
      exhaled carbon monoxide group, and 13% in the health visitor group. Validation of
      these findings by assays of urinary concentrations of cotinine showed that
      between 24% and 40% of subjects may have misreported their smoking habits, but
      there was no indication that the rate of misreporting was higher in the
      intervention groups than in the control group. Giving advice routinely against
      smoking has a useful effect, and showing an immediate, personal, and potentially
      harmful consequence of smoking using a CO-oximeter may improve this, particularly
      in lower socioeconomic groups.

PMID- 6426620
TI  - An important opportunity. An open letter to the General Medical Council.

PMID- 6426621
TI  - ABC of asthma. Precipitating factors.

PMID- 6426622
TI  - Old age in the sun.

PMID- 6426623
TI  - Private rest homes in the care of the elderly.
AB  - Sixteen private rest homes were visited to assess their facilities and the types
      of disability of the residents. Apart from one home, which was a hotel for the
      elderly, all the homes provided care for physically and mentally frail elderly
      people over the long term. Although care was good the trends in the use of the
      homes are worrying, and stricter regulations are required to ensure appropriate
      levels of care. Greater support is also required from district nursing services.

PMID- 6426624
TI  - A plain man's guide to maintenance.

PMID- 6426625
TI  - Loss of vision.

PMID- 6426626
TI  - Necrobacillosis: a forgotten disease.
AB  - Over four years five previously healthy young adults developed necrobacillosis ,
      a severe septicaemic illness caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. The infections
      were characterised by sore throat followed by rigors and the formation of
      metastatic abscesses and all caused considerable diagnostic confusion.

PMID- 6426627
TI  - Smoking and ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 6426628
TI  - Treatment of end stage renal disease.

PMID- 6426630
TI  - Policies on prevention.

PMID- 6426629
TI  - Quality control of home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations.

PMID- 6426631
TI  - Tremor.

PMID- 6426632
TI  - British cosmetic regulations inadequate.

PMID- 6426633
TI  - Haemoptysis during sexual intercourse.

PMID- 6426634
TI  - The use of a conical spacer after laryngectomy.

PMID- 6426635
TI  - Haematemesis and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6426636
TI  - Scoring system to improve cost effectiveness of open access endoscopy.

PMID- 6426637
TI  - Treatment of prolactinomas with megavoltage radiotherapy.

PMID- 6426638
TI  - Clinical budgeting and costing--friend or foe?

PMID- 6426639
TI  - Corticosteroids in chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6426640
TI  - Risks of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 6426641
TI  - Dyspareunia.

PMID- 6426642
TI  - Life changes.

PMID- 6426643
TI  - Prognosis in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6426644
TI  - IgA deficiency during treatment of infantile hypothyroidism with thyroxine.
AB  - Serum IgA concentrations in five children with infantile hypothyroidism fell soon
      after the start of treatment with thyroxine. In one child the IgA concentration
      fell appreciably (to less than 0.01 g/1) and remained reduced; in the four others
      it returned to normal. IgM and IgG concentrations were roughly normal throughout.
      The deficiency in IgA concentrations may have been due to stimulation by
      thyroxine treatment of a T cell suppressor system that, in the original
      hypothyroid state, was less than normally active.

PMID- 6426645
TI  - Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in mononuclear blood cells.
AB  - The Southern transfer hybridisation technique was used to test mononuclear blood
      cells for hepatitis B virus DNA. Viral DNA sequences were detected in mononuclear
      cells of 10 out of 16 patients with hepatitis B virus infection and in none of 21
      normal controls. Blood contamination was excluded by the absence of hepatitis B
      virus DNA in the corresponding serum samples in all cases. Free monomeric
      hepatitis B virus DNA was found in three patients positive for hepatitis Be
      antigen (HBeAg) and one positive for anti-HBe, and integrated hepatitis B virus
      DNA was present in four patients positive for anti-HBe. In two other patients the
      small size of the samples did not allow a distinction between free and integrated
      viral DNA. The state of the virus in the mononuclear cells seemed to correlate
      with the HBeAg or anti-HBe state, as has been noted in the liver. These results
      indicate that hepatitis B virus may infect mononuclear blood cells, thereby
      expanding the tissue specificity of this agent beyond the liver, as has been
      reported for pancreatic, kidney, and skin tissue. They also suggest that
      hepatitis B virus infection of mononuclear cells might be related to
      immunological abnormalities observed in carriers of the virus.

PMID- 6426646
TI  - Prevention of pneumococcal infection in children with homozygous sickle cell
      disease.
AB  - The efficacy of prophylactic penicillin and of 14 valent pneumococcal vaccine in
      preventing pneumococcal infection in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease was
      investigated in 242 children aged 6 months to 3 years at entry. In the first five
      years of the trial there were 11 pneumococcal infections in the pneumococcal
      vaccine treated group, 10 by serotypes present in the vaccine. Type 23 accounted
      for five of these, and there was evidence of higher infection rates in those
      given the vaccine before age 1. No pneumococcal isolations occurred in the
      penicillin group while receiving penicillin, although four isolations occurred
      within one year of stopping penicillin. Probably the most effective prophylaxis
      against pneumococcal infection requires penicillin beyond the age of 3. The age
      at which pneumococcal vaccine should be given must await further data on antibody
      response and clinical efficacy in these patients.

PMID- 6426647
TI  - Pelvic infection: a comparison of the Dalkon shield and three other intrauterine
      devices.
AB  - A detailed analysis was undertaken of reports of possible pelvic infection in
      relation to the use of four commonly fitted intrauterine contraceptive devices
      during 1971 to 1978 in the United Kingdom. The four devices were the Dalkon
      shield, Lippes loops 3C and 2D, and the Gravigard (copper 7), and data used were
      those collected systematically through the UK intrauterine device research
      network. Prospective reports that the Dalkon shield was uniquely related to high
      levels of infection when compared with other intrauterine devices were not
      substantiated in this prospective study among 13 349 users. Though some factors
      such as social class and previous experience of abortion appeared to influence
      the rate of infection, the type of intrauterine device being worn did not appear
      to be a significant factor. Various methods of analysis were used including life
      table, regression, and discriminant analysis, using information relating to the
      type of intrauterine device worn, the characteristics of the user, the fitting
      centre, and the pattern of diagnosis and treatment of reported or suspected
      pelvic infection. The results of this study suggest that fears that the Dalkon
      shield may be associated with a higher incidence of pelvic infection than other
      intrauterine devices may have been unjustified.

PMID- 6426648
TI  - Influence of arm position on measurement of blood pressure.
AB  - A series of measurements of blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive
      subjects showed that measurements made with a sphygmomanometer with the arm
      dependent by the side were consistently higher than those made with the arm
      horizontal at heart level. The mean difference in a group of 90 hypertensive
      outpatients was 11/12 mm Hg. Failure to appreciate the importance of arm position
      may lead to erroneous measurements of blood pressure. This has important
      implications for clinical practice and research.

PMID- 6426649
TI  - Evidence against genetic factors causing major loss of embryos.

PMID- 6426650
TI  - Treatment of acute scrotal pain.

PMID- 6426651
TI  - Insulin receptor antibodies causing steroid responsive diabetes mellitus in a
      patient with myositis.

PMID- 6426652
TI  - Mobile patients in an inner London practice.
AB  - In an area with the most highly mobile population in Britain 10% of the
      consultations in one practice were with temporary residents and a further 10%
      with newly registered patients. We analysed data gathered in 1980 about these two
      groups and about established patients that included demographic characteristics,
      the diagnoses made, and the actions taken by the doctors. Temporary residents
      caused a considerable amount of administration, but they were relatively
      straightforward to deal with medically and the practice received compensation for
      the work; with new patients problems were more time consuming, both clinically
      and administratively, and there was no financial compensation. A practice with a
      high turnover of its registered patients is at a considerable disadvantage
      compared with one in a more settled area.

PMID- 6426653
TI  - Pertussis: what percentage of children can we immunise?
AB  - The immunisation records of 584 children who were born between 1978 and 1982, in
      a general practice of average social class distribution, were examined: 3.5% of
      the children would have been excluded from starting a course of vaccination
      including pertussis using contra-indications established by the Department of
      Health and Social Security. A further 3.5% had reactions to immunisation that
      were judged severe enough to prevent completing the course of vaccination. In
      1981 and 1982 13% of parents refused pertussis vaccination, considerably fewer
      than from 1978 to 80. Concomitantly, immunisation against pertussis rose from 51%
      to 84% over the five year period. Given the incidence of contra-indications and
      the level of parental refusal, it is concluded that a pertussis uptake of 80%
      would be a reasonable target for any population.

PMID- 6426654
TI  - Birth of the first child.

PMID- 6426655
TI  - New approach to the localisation of phaeochromocytoma: imaging with iodine-131
      meta-iodobenzylguanidine.
AB  - Thirty eight patients with known or suspected phaeochromocytoma were studied by
      radioisotope imaging after intravenous administration of iodine-131-meta-
      iodobenzylguanidine (131I- mIBG ), a radiopharmaceutical which has affinity for
      chromaffin tumours. Seventeen positive results (including one false positive) and
      21 negative results (including two false negatives) were obtained. Clinical
      accuracy was 92%. Urinary noradrenaline concentrations were raised in all
      patients with confirmed phaeochromocytoma. These findings show that 131I- mIBG is
      of value in localising and assessing the extent of chromaffin tumours.

PMID- 6426656
TI  - Weakness.

PMID- 6426657
TI  - ABC of asthma. General management.

PMID- 6426658
TI  - Breaking bad news: why is it still so difficult?

PMID- 6426659
TI  - Obstetric care.

PMID- 6426660
TI  - The prison medical service in England and Wales: a commentary from the director
      of the prison medical service.

PMID- 6426661
TI  - Early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6426662
TI  - Renal proximal tubular dysfunction in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6426663
TI  - Popular marathons.

PMID- 6426664
TI  - Diazepam or midazolam for endoscopy.

PMID- 6426665
TI  - Warts and cervical cancer.

PMID- 6426666
TI  - Inequalities in health: can they be corrected?

PMID- 6426667
TI  - Paunches and the prediction of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6426668
TI  - Pulmonary aspiration.

PMID- 6426669
TI  - Imaging procedures to diagnose gall bladder disease.

PMID- 6426670
TI  - Ethical issues in prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 6426671
TI  - Non-specificity of surfactant deficiency in neonatal respiratory disorders.
AB  - The phospholipid content of lung fluid taken from 77 babies during the first day
      of life was studied. Babies with hyaline membrane disease had low concentrations
      of the surfactant phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and
      phosphatidylglycerol. The palmitic acid content in phosphatidylcholine was also
      lower than normal. Surfactant deficiency was not, however, specific for hyaline
      membrane disease, as similar phospholipid abnormalities were observed in babies
      with congenital pneumonia and transient tachypnoea of the newborn. These findings
      have important clinical implications. They are relevant to research into
      surfactant substitution and cast doubts on the value of the antenatal
      phospholipid lung profile of amniotic fluid in predicting the risk of hyaline
      membrane disease.

PMID- 6426672
TI  - Acute respiratory insufficiency after endoscopy for bleeding oesophageal varices.
AB  - Two patients with alcoholic liver disease and gross ascites underwent endoscopic
      injection and compression by Sengstaken tube of oesophageal varices under general
      anaesthesia. Postoperatively both patients developed acute respiratory failure,
      which resolved after air had been aspirated from the stomach via the Sengstaken
      tube. All air should be aspirated at the end of the procedure in patients with
      ascites who undergo endoscopy, and respiration should be carefully supervised
      postoperatively.

PMID- 6426673
TI  - Pseudoporphyria associated with consumption of brewers' yeast.
AB  - A case of pseudoporphyria associated with excessive consumption of brewers '
      yeast was studied. Detailed analysis of the yeast tablets by high performance
      liquid chromatography showed the presence of dicarboxylic deuteroporphyrin ,
      mesoporphyrin, and protoporphyrin; coproporphyrin I and III isomers; and
      uroporphyrin I and III isomers. The faecal porphyrin concentration of the patient
      taking yeast tablets was significantly increased, resembling the excretion
      pattern in variegate porphyria. Any patient showing an unusual porphyrin
      excretion pattern on high performance liquid chromatography should be
      investigated for a possible dietary cause.

PMID- 6426674
TI  - Children's coughs related to parental smoking.
AB  - A survey of the smoking habits, attitudes, and background of over 15 000 8-19
      year olds in northern England in December 1982 showed a positive correlation
      between parental smoking and the reporting of frequent coughs by children who had
      never smoked. This was especially pronounced in the youngest children. Thirty
      five per cent of boys under 11 who had never smoked and whose parents did not
      smoke reported frequent coughs; with one parent smoking this increased to 42%,
      and when both parents smoked the proportion was 48%. Girls under 11 showed the
      same pattern, with 32%, 40%, and 52% respectively reporting frequent coughs.
      Fewer older children in general reported frequent coughs. Mothers' smoking had
      more influence on children's coughs than had fathers' smoking. Social area type
      had no significant effect. No significant effect of passive smoking was observed
      when the children themselves were smokers. These results are clear evidence of a
      definite link between smoking in the home and coughs in young children, which not
      only may present immediate problems but may also be a cause of illness in the
      future.

PMID- 6426675
TI  - Disturbance of sensation after mastectomy.

PMID- 6426676
TI  - Asthma inhalation devices: what do we know?

PMID- 6426677
TI  - Aerosol antiperspirants and axillary granulomata.

PMID- 6426678
TI  - Sclerotherapy for hydrocele and epididymal cysts: a five year study.

PMID- 6426679
TI  - Starting school.

PMID- 6426680
TI  - Assessing the consultation: method for measuring changes in patient stress and
      arousal.
AB  - A method has been developed to assess anxiety levels in terms of stress and
      arousal in patients before and after a consultation with a general practitioner.
      The MACL self report mood scale has been used in hospital outpatient studies. An
      adaptation of the scale using 26 items of low vocabulary was applied to general
      practice patients in a novel way to show appreciable reductions in stress and
      increases in arousal after consultations. Since arousal is related to efficiency
      of performance and stress has been inversely related to recall of information
      given in the consultation factors that affect stress and arousal in patients
      could usefully be identified.

PMID- 6426682
TI  - Finding our way.

PMID- 6426681
TI  - Assessing the consultation: methods of observing trainees in general practice.
AB  - We compared two different methods of observing trainees at work in general
      practice: the traditional one of a senior or training general practitioner
      sitting in during selected surgeries and the more modern video recording, with
      the patients' written consent. Patients who had experienced the presence of a
      second doctor during the consultation were less likely to show an increase in
      arousal after their consultations than those who had been recorded on video.
      Patients who refused consent to be recorded were more highly stressed than those
      who agreed and showed smaller decreases in stress after consultations. The
      presence of two doctors generated fewer reductions in stress after the
      consultation than video recording did, but this was a non-significant trend. The
      group that was recorded on video did not differ appreciably from a control group
      in changes in stress or arousal.

PMID- 6426684
TI  - ABC of asthma. Asthma in children: diagnosis.

PMID- 6426683
TI  - Obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage of small-bowel origin.
AB  - The records of 37 patients investigated for obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage
      originating from the small bowel were reviewed retrospectively. Bleeding was
      caused by Meckel's diverticula in eight cases, smooth muscle tumours in seven
      cases, vascular anomalies in 14 cases, and other single lesions in eight cases.
      The lesions were identified by angiography in 18 patients, operation in 17, and
      barium follow through examination in two. Only one patient under 50 years of age
      had a lesion that would not have been found by careful laparotomy. Early
      laparotomy is advisable in patients aged under 50 with obscure gastrointestinal
      bleeding; expert selective angiography is recommended before operation in
      patients aged over 50 and those who have already undergone a laparotomy yielding
      negative results.

PMID- 6426685
TI  - Incoordination.

PMID- 6426686
TI  - Community general practitioners.

PMID- 6426687
TI  - Child health.

PMID- 6426688
TI  - Danger of inadequate urological supervision of patients with congenital
      neuropathic bladder.

PMID- 6426689
TI  - Myocardial depression in streptococcal cellulitis.

PMID- 6426690
TI  - Wilson's disease.

PMID- 6426691
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 6426692
TI  - General practitioner hospitals: coming or going?

PMID- 6426693
TI  - Planned and unplanned deliveries at home.

PMID- 6426694
TI  - Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6426695
TI  - Treatment of myopia.

PMID- 6426696
TI  - Negative selection of patients for dialysis and transplantation in the United
      Kingdom.

PMID- 6426697
TI  - Who makes the decisions in the NHS?

PMID- 6426698
TI  - Adrenal medullary implants in the dopamine-denervated rat striatum. I. Acute
      catecholamine levels in grafts and host caudate as determined by HPLC
      electrochemistry and fluorescence histochemical image analysis.
AB  - Rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration of the left
      nigrostriatal dopamine system were given intrastriatal implants of one cortex
      free adrenal medulla divided into 4 pieces. Two pieces were placed in the center
      of the anterior part of the denervated caudate and two pieces in a more posterior
      position in lateral caudate. The distribution of catecholamines (CA) in grafts
      and host brain was studied 2, 100 and 400 min after grafting by HPLC
      electrochemistry and Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry combined with
      computer-aided image analysis. Two minutes after implantation the chromaffin
      tissue grafts contained large amounts of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA)
      and small amounts of dopamine (DA). The chromaffin cells had a relatively normal
      fluorescence histochemical appearance. From the grafts, CA had spread into the
      surrounding host brain tissue where high levels of A and NA and low levels of DA
      were now found in the denervated host striatum. Fluorescence histochemistry and
      image analysis showed the CA to have spread 1-1.5 mm in all directions from the
      grafts. The CA concentrations decreased almost linearly with increasing distance
      from the grafts. At 100 min after implantation approximately a third of the
      chromaffin cells were still strongly fluorescent while the rest of the cells were
      very weakly fluorescent or non-fluorescent. The amounts of A, NA and DA in the
      host brain had decreased considerably, while the size of the fluorescent halo
      around the grafts had not diminished. At 400 min after grafting, only scattered
      cells in the chromaffin implants were strongly fluorescent and the surrounding
      host striatum contained low amounts of CA. It is concluded that intrastriatal
      adrenal medullary implants acutely release or leak large amounts of CA into
      surrounding host brain tissue. Taken together with results from the accompanying
      paper these data show that the grafts can maintain CA levels in host striatum
      high enough to elicit strong rotational responses during approximately 200 min.

PMID- 6426699
TI  - Adrenal medullary implants in the dopamine-denervated rat striatum. II. Acute
      behavior as a function of graft amount and location and its modulation by
      neuroleptics.
AB  - Rotational behavior was studied in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced
      degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, following intrastriatal
      grafting of pieces of the adrenal medulla or nervus opticus. The rats were placed
      in rotometers immediately after the operation. No rotational response was seen in
      animals implanted with nervus opticus. Rats that received one whole adrenal
      medullary gland, divided into 4 pieces, showed a strong rotational response with
      a peak after 100 min and a duration of 400 min. Adrenal medulla-induced rotations
      were dose-dependent: when rats were grafted with 2, 4 or 8 pieces (where 4 pieces
      equals one whole adrenal medulla) into 2 sites, 2 pieces induced about half the
      amount of rotation as 4 pieces, while 8 pieces caused a higher total number of
      rotations with the 100 min peak approximately doubled compared with rats that had
      received 4 pieces. The coordinates for the implantation site were also important
      determinants of the rotational behavior: 4 implantation sites were tested and it
      was shown that the most central site in the caudate caused the highest total
      amount of rotations. The rotational behavior could be blocked in a dose-dependent
      manner by the dopamine-receptor antagonists haloperidol and cis-flupenthixol
      given immediately after grafting. It is concluded that implantation of chromaffin
      tissue from the adrenal medulla into the unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine
      denervated striatum causes highly reproducible acute rotational responses that
      vary with the amount and location of the implanted tissue and that can be blocked
      by neuroleptics. Thus the experiments permit screening of areas within
      neostriatum that produce different rotational responses to chromaffin
      implants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426700
TI  - Supersensitivity to the respiratory stimulatory effect of TRH in 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine-treated rats.
AB  - Rats treated neonatally with pargyline and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) have
      an elevated paCO2 and reduced minute ventilation when given 0.7% halothane in
      oxygen as adults. Serotonin content in the spinal cord of 5,7-DHT treated rats
      was undetectable and TRH content was reduced by 35%. The 5,7-DHT treated rats
      were supersensitive to the increase in minute ventilation and CO2 sensitivity
      produced by intraventricular TRH. It is possible that the supersensitivity to
      exogenous TRH after neonatal 5,7-DHT treatment may be secondary to decreased
      availability of TRH in the CNS.

PMID- 6426701
TI  - Differential effects of calcium on catecholamine synthesis regulation in
      olfactory tubercle and hypothalamic synaptosomes.
AB  - We have compared catecholamine synthesis regulation in rat brain olfactory
      tubercle and hypothalamic synaptosomes with regard to: calcium-dependency of
      stimulant drug-induced synthesis activation; tyrosine-dependency of amphetamine
      induced synthesis stimulation, and the effects of the calcium chelator, ethylene
      glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Amphetamine
      induced synthesis stimulation was markedly calcium-dependent in the olfactory
      tubercle, but was completely calcium-independent in the hypothalamus. The effect
      of amphetamine on catecholamine synthesis in the olfactory tubercle was dependent
      upon the concentration of tyrosine in the incubation buffer; amphetamine produced
      a biphasic response, inhibiting synthesis at low tyrosine concentrations and
      activating synthesis at higher tyrosine concentrations. In contrast to the
      olfactory tubercle, amphetamine-induced stimulation of synthesis in the
      hypothalamus was observed at both low and high tyrosine concentrations. Distinct
      tissue differences in drug responsiveness were also observed following exposure
      to EGTA; synthesis was stimulated by EGTA in the olfactory tubercle but not in
      the hypothalamus. These data provide evidence for regional differences in
      catecholamine regulation in the brain, and suggest that some of these differences
      may be related to differential effects of calcium on catecholamine formation.

PMID- 6426702
TI  - The developmental expression of neurofilament and glial filament proteins in the
      human pituitary gland: an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MA) specific for neurofilaments (NF) and glial filaments
      (GF) were used to study the development of the normal human pituitary gland in
      fetuses, premature infants and adults. A total of 16 serially sectioned pituitary
      glands was examined. The expression of both NF and GF proteins correlated with
      maturation of the pituitary gland. Axons, but not cell bodies, were observed to
      contain immunoreactive NF proteins and these labeled axons were restricted almost
      exclusively to the pars nervosa. However, in early stages of development, intra
      axonal NF proteins were not detectable. Aggregates of NF material in ' blobs '
      were also observed in the pars nervosa of adults and a premature infant who
      survived 6 months following birth. They were never observed in more immature
      pituitary glands. Cells containing immunoreactive GF proteins were present in all
      subdivisions of the pituitary gland and they were more common in later stages of
      development. However, such cells represented only a minority of those present in
      the pituitary gland and cells in the pars distalis did not express GF protein
      until after birth. ' Blobs ' comprised of immunoreactive GF proteins were also
      seen. They were restricted to the pars nervosa and appeared later in development.

PMID- 6426703
TI  - Early vascular grafting to prevent upper extremity necrosis after electrical
      burns: II. Experience with wound infection management.
AB  - Since May 1972, vein grafts have been used to restore circulation in electrical
      injuries of the upper extremity when the wrist has been the centre of electrical
      injury associated with obstructed blood supply. Saphenous vein grafts were used
      in fifteen limbs in fourteen patients where electrical injuries at the wrist
      threatened complete loss of the hand. Ten of the hands were free of necrosis with
      motion basically recovered. The other four cases (five limbs) failed in operation
      for various reasons, resulting in forearm amputations. Clinical practice showed
      that successful operations depend upon whether secondary infection is effectively
      controlled, particularly in those who were brought to the hospital late with
      wound infection and gangrene of the fingers. This paper reviews the measures for
      controlling postoperative infections in vascular grafting to restore blood flow
      at the wrist, and the clinical experience gained in treating these patients (six
      injured limbs of six cases), and preventing amputation. We hope the method could
      be improved and its use broadened.

PMID- 6426704
TI  - Verdoglobinuria phenomenon in severe electrical burns.
AB  - Verdoglobinuria is considered to be an ominous sign of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      septicaemia in burns. No report of the survival of a case with this phenomenon
      could be found in the literature. Stone et al. (1964) first reported
      verdoglobinuria as an important diagnostic basis for P. aeruginosa septicaemia in
      burns. A patient with high-tension electrical injury was admitted to our hospital
      burn department in 1977. Verdoglobinuria occurred. This patient is reported as
      follows. There was a large defect in the left chest wall with exposure of the
      heart and secondary P. aeruginosa pyothorax which happened during the early stage
      of injury. It led to septicopyraemic shock. The patient's urine was examined
      under ultraviolet rays, the fluorescence was ultrapositive. Verdoglobinuria was
      positive proof. After active measures were administered, the patient was out of
      danger from this septicopyraemic shock. The metabolism mechanism of verdoglobin,
      diagnostic effect of verdoglobinuria on P. aeruginosa septicaemia in severe burns
      and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6426705
TI  - Correlation of quantitative burn wound biopsy culture and surface swab culture to
      burn wound sepsis.
AB  - The present study includes seventeen patients with second and third degree fresh
      burns involving 15-50 per cent total body surface area (TBSA). Surface swabs and
      quantitative burn wound biopsy cultures were obtained during postburn weeks 1, 2
      and 3 and correlation was studied. To obtain bacterial counts the technique
      described by Loebel et al. (1974) was used. The patients were divided in two
      groups depending upon burn body surface area involved. The first group includes
      five patients with burns between 15-29 per cent body surface area and the second
      group includes the rest of the twelve patients with burns between 30-50 per cent
      body surface area. No patient from group I showed any sign or symptom of sepsis
      whereas seven patients from group II developed sepsis and three died. These three
      patients showed positive blood culture at the time of death. Of the 48 cultures
      obtained in all the patients over 3 weeks, 7 cultures showed differences between
      swab and biopsy cultures. Genticyn was the most effective drug against Gram
      negative organisms.

PMID- 6426706
TI  - [Confirmation of the partial insertion of a steroidal diamine between the base
      pairs of deoxyribonucleic acid : study by 270 MHz proton nuclear magnetic
      resonance of the complexes of delta-5-dehydromalouetine with DNA of calf thymus
      gland and with poly(dA-dT)].
AB  - Delta 5- dehydromalouetine , a bis-quaternary steroidal diamine, has been
      selected for a 270 MHz proton NMR study of its binding to nucleic acids. Due to
      the presence of five well-identified probes located all around the molecule a
      precise description of the interaction could be achieved. The chemical shifts of
      the protons in the complex with Calf thymus DNA were followed at constant
      temperature whereas the complex with poly (dA-dT) was studied by varying the
      temperature. A good agreement between the data of the two kinds of experiments
      was obtained: shielding of the diamine protons and unshielding of the base
      protons on complex formation. This demonstrates partial insertion of the steroid
      backbone between unstacked base pairs.

PMID- 6426707
TI  - [Fluctuation of the incidence of the 4 bases along the mitochondrial genome of
      mammals using correspondence factorial analysis].
AB  - Correspondence analysis has allowed us to reveal a constraint exerting its
      influence on all of the codons, whatever the amino acid: the probability of use
      of one codon ending by C varies along the genome. This probability is maximum
      near the "D-long" and decreases following the heavy strand in the 5'-3'
      direction. It reaches a minimum in the region diametrically opposite to the "D
      loop". This phenomenon is found unchanged for the human, bovine and mouse even
      though the proportions of T and C at the third portion of the codon varies a lot
      from one species to the other.

PMID- 6426708
TI  - [Measurement of basal metabolism in relation to food intake : ischymetric
      hypothesis].
AB  - The ischymetric hypothesis of the control of food intake ( ischys = power in
      greek) suggests that the physiological stimulus of hunger is characterized by the
      decrease of the "m etabolisme de fond". In the same way, satiety would occur as
      long as the MF remains at a high level. The complex problems dealing with the
      continuous measurement of the MF in the free behaving Rat have been solved
      recently. As a consequence, it has been possible to test directly the ischymetric
      hypothesis by measuring the MF oscillations around six meals taken by the same
      Rat during a 24 hrs. experiment. The results showed that the meals are indeed
      preceded by a progressive decrease of MF and that the termination of meals
      coincides with a high metabolic rate. The rapid increase of the MF occurring
      immediately after the onset of the meals could reflect the oropancreatic reflex
      inducing the well known anticipatory release and utilization of the endogenous
      reserves. If anything, the respiratory quotient exhibited only small but not
      systematic variations during the pre-prandial periods. This observation is in
      agreement with the ischymetric hypothesis which proposes that the decrease of MF
      inducing the onset of a meal is due not only to the decrease of the glucose
      utilization but also to the concomitant decrease of the utilization of the three
      kinds of metabolic substrates.

PMID- 6426709
TI  - Introduction to position papers from the Third International Symposium on
      Colorectal Cancer.

PMID- 6426710
TI  - How to perform the fecal occult blood test.

PMID- 6426711
TI  - Diagnostic approach to evaluating the cause of a positive fecal occult blood
      test.

PMID- 6426712
TI  - The role of proctosigmoidoscopy in screening for colorectal neoplasia.

PMID- 6426713
TI  - The management of patients with colorectal adenomas.
AB  - The management of a patient with a colorectal adenoma aims at removal of adenomas
      that are missed initially or develop subsequently. Classification of adenomas
      permits the separation of patients into those at minimal and high risk of
      developing recurrent or new adenomas. Follow-up schedules for these two groups
      are based on currently available clinical and pathologic data.

PMID- 6426714
TI  - [Left-heart contrast echocardiography by pulmonary wedge injection with hydrogen
      peroxide].

PMID- 6426715
TI  - [Localization of aldosteronoma by dynamic focusing ultrasonography].

PMID- 6426716
TI  - [Ultrasonographic diagnosis of carcinoma of extrahepatic bile duct].

PMID- 6426717
TI  - [Application of sectional anatomy of the liver in its echographic lobulation and
      segmentation].

PMID- 6426718
TI  - [The value of lung biopsy via fiberoptic bronchoscope under fluoroscopy in the
      diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesion].

PMID- 6426719
TI  - [Clinical observations on 256 cases of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 6426720
TI  - [Studies on calicivirus--one of the etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis].

PMID- 6426721
TI  - [Studies on specially-made bio-membrane for the repair of dural defects and its
      clinical application].

PMID- 6426722
TI  - [Campylobacter jejuni cultured in a candle jar].

PMID- 6426723
TI  - [Electronystagmographic manifestations of tumors of the pontocerebellar angle].

PMID- 6426724
TI  - [Effect of tea pigments on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits and in
      treating patients with hyperfibrinogemia].

PMID- 6426725
TI  - [Limitation of rotational movements of the forearm following burns].

PMID- 6426726
TI  - [The 2nd Asian-Pacific Academic Conference on Nephropathy].

PMID- 6426727
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy for some common malignant tumors].

PMID- 6426729
TI  - [Gas-liquid chromatography for tentative identification of anaerobic infections].

PMID- 6426728
TI  - [Effect of stress and nutrition on metabolism].

PMID- 6426730
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in traumatized rats: studies on protein sparing
      effects of lipids and carbohydrates].

PMID- 6426731
TI  - [Suboccipital transmeatal approach for microsurgical removal of acoustic
      neuroma].

PMID- 6426732
TI  - [Reconstruction of the hand].

PMID- 6426733
TI  - [Physical growth and intellectual development of 63 full term small-for-date
      children].

PMID- 6426734
TI  - [Carboxyhemoglobin level and activities of various serum enzymes in healthy
      Chinese smokers].

PMID- 6426735
TI  - [Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and its isoenzyme in glomerular disease].

PMID- 6426736
TI  - [Development state of Plasmodium falciparum in the intradermal, peripheral and
      medullary blood of cerebral malaria patients].

PMID- 6426738
TI  - [Follow-up observations after implantation of a cardiac pacemaker].

PMID- 6426737
TI  - [Hereditary progressive sensorineural deafness--report of 30 cases in 12
      families].

PMID- 6426739
TI  - [Application of vasodilator and positive inotropic agents in the treatment of
      heart failure].

PMID- 6426740
TI  - [Epithelial cell culture in vitro and the prospects of its use in treating
      burns].

PMID- 6426741
TI  - [Plasma norepinephrine determination in the diagnosis and localization of
      pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 6426742
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary prolactinoma].

PMID- 6426743
TI  - [Electron microscopic observations on the ultrastructure of tubercle bacilli
      after isobutyl piperazine rifamycin treatment].

PMID- 6426744
TI  - [An investigation on toxoplasmosis in the Beijing District].

PMID- 6426745
TI  - [Allergic asthma caused by ragweed pollen].

PMID- 6426746
TI  - [Erythrocyte membrane abnormalities in patients with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6426747
TI  - [The relationship between histologic characteristics of the liver and serologic
      markers in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers].

PMID- 6426748
TI  - [Reconstruction of the thumb with a big-toe free flap--analysis of 12 cases].

PMID- 6426749
TI  - [Cytogenetic study on tumor cells in bone marrow in a case of lymphosarcoma].

PMID- 6426750
TI  - [Deep venous nutrition for treatment of severe disease in highlanders--report of
      10 cases].

PMID- 6426751
TI  - [Echinococciasis multilocularis--report of 8 cases].

PMID- 6426752
TI  - [Record data-base of a patient with burns in the ANSI-MUMPS programming
      language].

PMID- 6426753
TI  - Task force surveys payment systems.

PMID- 6426754
TI  - Anaesthetic considerations in percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation of the
      Gasserian ganglion.
AB  - This study determined the cardiovascular effects of percutaneous radiofrequency
      coagulation of the Gasserian ganglion, performed under neuroleptanalgesia and
      intermittent ultrashort-acting barbiturate anaesthesia. Twelve ASA physical
      status class II patients were studied. Highly significant increases in mean heart
      rate and arterial blood pressure followed the insertion of the cannula electrode
      into the Gasserian ganglion (p less than 0.001). In six randomly assigned
      patients severe tachycardia and hypertension also accompanied the progress of the
      thermal lesion (p less than 0.0001). Three patients developed premature
      ventricular contractions, and two developed significant ST segment depression.
      Intravenous nitroglycerin, used during current generation, successfully
      controlled the hypertensive response in the other six patients. In percutaneous
      thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion the patient's co-operation is
      essential. In addition to providing suitable operating conditions for both
      surgeons and patient, we should also be able to maintain normal and stable
      cardiovascular haemodynamics. Intravenous nitroglycerin used as an adjunct to
      light general anaesthesia safely maintained intraoperative normotension. It is
      also suggested that patients with coronary artery disease be adequately monitored
      and protected during the procedure.

PMID- 6426755
TI  - [The role of metabolic acidosis in alphathesin-induced tachypnea in dogs].
AB  - In the dog anaesthetized with Althesin, tachypnea has been observed under light
      anaesthesia. There was also a metabolic acidosis which might be responsible for
      the increase of the respiratory rate. The ventilatory effects of the correction
      of the metabolic acidosis were studied in five dogs anaesthesized with Althesin
      administered at a constant rate of infusion (6.06 +/- 2.67 microliters X kg-1 X
      min-1). The ventilatory pattern (duration of inspiration, TI; duration of
      expiration, TE; duration of the respiratory cycle, Ttot; respiratory rate, f;
      ratio TI/Ttot, tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VE), mean inspiratory flow
      (VT/TI) and blood gases, pHa, PaCO2, PaO2, were measured before and after
      administration of 42 p milli sodium bicarbonate (495 mmol X l-1). Arterial pH
      increased from 7.27 +/- 0.10 to 7.44 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.05). There was no
      statistically significant change of other values, particularly for respiratory
      rate which varied from 41 +/- 10.5 to 43.3 +/- 17.2 per minute. Metabolic
      acidosis does not explain the tachypnea. Mechanisms of tachypnea, particularly
      the role of histamine, are discussed.

PMID- 6426756
TI  - Viral hepatitis and the anaesthetist.
AB  - Viral hepatitis is a constant hazard to all operating room personnel. The
      anaesthetist should avoid contact with patients' blood and saliva as much as is
      possible. Hepatitis A (HAV) is spread mainly by faecal/oral contact. Carriers are
      almost non-existent in this disease and the main importance to the anaesthetist
      is that he may contact a patient who is acutely infected or one who is incubating
      HAV. Diagnosis of postoperative hepatic dysfunction may then be a problem.
      Prophylaxis with Gamma globulin is also stressed. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Non-A Non
      B hepatitis (NANB) have a high incidence of carriage, and are spread mainly by
      blood contact. The groups of patients whom the anaesthetist should especially be
      aware of are reviewed, as is prophylaxis using Hepatitis B Immune Globulin and
      the recently introduced Hepatitis B vaccine. NANB continues to be a diagnostic
      problem, its diagnosis being mainly by exclusion of other causes of viral
      hepatitis. It appears to be responsible for more than 90 per cent of cases of
      posttransfusion hepatitis and more than one virus may be involved.

PMID- 6426757
TI  - Independent plasma levels of sodium and glycine during transurethral resection of
      the prostate.
AB  - This study was done to evaluate the potential role of plasma glycine levels as an
      indicator of the biochemical changes occurring during or shortly after
      transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ). Seventeen patients undergoing
      TURP were studied to determine the fate of the absorbed glycine and its effects
      on other amino acids and their relationship to changes in serum sodium and
      osmolarity. Twelve patients showed more than 100 per cent increase in plasma
      glycine levels with values ranging to more than 100-fold elevation. Only two
      patients showed a change in serum sodium of greater than 10 mEq/l with
      corresponding change in osmolarity. In one such patient there was no accompanying
      change in plasma glycine. Thus, major changes in plasma glycine and serum sodium
      may occur independently of one another, and may separately account for
      manifestations of the reactions following TURP .

PMID- 6426758
TI  - Rebreathing and the Bain circuit.

PMID- 6426759
TI  - Future impact of public health and preventive methods on the incidence of dental
      caries.

PMID- 6426760
TI  - The specific capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 15A
      (American type 30).
AB  - The specific capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 15A
      (American type 30) is composed of D-galactose (three parts), D-glucose (one
      part), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (one part), phosphate (one part), and
      glycerol (one part). Hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, optical
      rotation, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the polysaccharide
      is a high molecular weight linear polymer of a pentasaccharide repeating unit
      having the structure: (formula: see text)

PMID- 6426761
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the switch-on of transcriptase function in reovirus
      in vitro.
AB  - Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the "switch-on" of transcriptase function in reovirus
      intermediate subviral particles were examined. Switch-on in this system is
      triggered by K+ ions, whereas Na+ ions antagonize the effects of K+ ions. Once
      effected, switch-on is irreversible. In the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, switch
      on of transcriptase is effected by incubation at 37 degrees C in the presence of
      a particular ratio of K+/Na+ (total K+ plus Na+ being kept constant). Inclusion
      of Ca2+ in the activation step lowers the ratio that triggers the switch-on
      event. This indicates that Ca2+ destabilizes the switched-off state of the
      transcriptase. Inclusions of Mg2+ ions in the activation step raises the K+/Na+
      ratio necessary to trigger switch-on. Thus Mg2+ tends to stabilize the switched
      off state of the transcriptase to the triggering action of K+ ions. Inclusion of
      both Ca2+ and Mg2+ together during the activation step results in mutual
      inhibition of the effects expected from each divalent cation alone. These results
      indicate that switch-on of transcriptase function, which is triggered by K+ ions,
      can be modulated by interactions involving the major physiological cations (Na+,
      K+, Mg2+, Ca2+).

PMID- 6426762
TI  - Modification of actin with 2-(N-methylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonyl chloride.
AB  - 2-(N- Methylanilino )naphthalene-6-sulfonyl chloride (Mns-Cl) was used to label
      up to eight sites, presumed to be lysine residues, on rabbit skeletal muscle
      actin. The resultant Mns-actin was highly fluorescent, displaying emission bands
      near 445 and 480 nm. Incorporation of three Mns groups per actin resulted in
      impairment of the ability of actin to polymerize. Final relative viscosities
      attained for salt-induced polymers of actin having no bound Mns groups and three
      bound Mns groups per actin, respectively, were 1.9 and 1.4. More extensive
      modification further lowered the ability of actin to polymerize, but the changes
      were less dramatic. The fluorescence properties of Mns-actin samples that
      contained up to eight Mns groups per actin were not affected significantly by the
      addition of salt to the samples. It seems that the modified lysines either lie
      outside a region of direct intersubunit contact in F-actin or that the
      modification of a particular lysine residue or residues on a particular actin
      prevents that actin unit from adding on to a growing F-actin chain. Modification
      of actin with Mns-Cl does not affect its ability to bind and to inhibit DNase I
      until more than three Mns groups have been incorporated into each actin. The loss
      of DNase I inhibitory power only becomes apparent after the ability of actin to
      polymerize has been reduced substantially.

PMID- 6426763
TI  - Partial biochemical and serological characterization of exsheathing fluid and
      somatic extracts of infective larvae and adult females of Haemonchus contortus.
AB  - Exsheathing fluid from infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus may contain
      antigens which induce protective immunity upon infection in sheep. In this study,
      a rapid method of preparing exsheathing fluid was used to determine its
      biological activity, purity and antigenic complexity. Protein in exsheathing
      fluid ranged from 21-59.5 micrograms/mL and no carbohydrate was detected. Gel
      filtration showed a single broad peak which retained biological activity and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a single band staining with
      Coomassie blue. Biological activity of exsheathing fluid was present in extracts
      of infective larvae but not in extracts of exsheathed larvae or in extracts of
      adult female H. contortus. Rabbit antiserum against exsheathing fluid proteins
      cross-reacted with infective larvae extracts but not with adult female worm
      extracts. Immunoelectrophoresis of exsheathing fluid proteins against this
      antiserum showed a single polydisperse precipitin line. Thus, exsheathing fluid
      produced by the rapid method is a pure preparation of a biologically active and
      antigenically simple material suitable for further studies of protective immunity
      in sheep to H. contortus.

PMID- 6426764
TI  - Enhancement of Leptospira hardjo agglutination titers in sheep and goat serum by
      heat inactivation.
AB  - Heat inactivation of sheep serum samples resulted in the detection of an
      additional 9% reactors to Leptospira hardjo that were negative on the initial
      test of fresh samples. Treatment with EDTA gave results generally similar to heat
      inactivation suggesting that complement was responsible for the inhibition of
      agglutination. Tests on heat inactivated serum from experimentally infected sheep
      and goats revealed enhanced titers or reactions which were not detected in fresh
      serum.

PMID- 6426765
TI  - Dopamine production by the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - We used isolated perfused rat kidneys to examine dopamine (DA) production and its
      relation to renal function. Both innervated and chronically surgically denervated
      kidneys perfused with a solution containing neither albumin nor tyrosine,
      excreted 0.2 +/- 0.1 ng DA X min-1 X g wet weight-1 during the 10-min collection
      period between 30 and 40 min after starting perfusion. When perfused with 6.7%
      albumin, without tyrosine, innervated kidneys excreted 1.0 +/- 0.06 ng DA X min-1
      X g-1 and denervated kidneys excreted 1.0 +/- 0.07 DA X min-1 X g-1. When 0.03 mM
      tyrosine was included in the albumin perfusate, innervated kidneys excreted 1.2
      +/- 0.1 ng DA X min-1 X g-1 (p less than 0.1). Under these conditions DA
      excretion continued for at least 100 min at which time it was 0.6 ng X min-1 X g
      1 and 86 ng/g kidney weight had been excreted. Denervated kidneys perfused with
      albumin + tyrosine excreted 0.9 +/- 0.13 ng DA X min-1 X g-1. Renal stores of
      free DA, conjugated DA, and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) could have provided at
      the most 30 ng/g of DA. Carbidopa inhibited DA excretion completely. DA excretion
      did not correlate with renal vascular resistance, inulin clearance, or fractional
      sodium excretion. In summary, nonneural tissue in isolated perfused kidneys
      produced DA at the same rate as denervated kidneys in vivo. Less than one-third
      of the DA produced by isolated kidneys could have come from intrarenal stores of
      DOPA, free DA, and conjugated DA; the rest was synthesized from unknown
      precursors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426766
TI  - Structure and cell envelope associations of flagellar basal complexes of Vibrio
      cholerae and Campylobacter fetus.
AB  - To isolate intact flagella with basal complexes from Vibrio cholerae, a
      rhamnolipid hemolysin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to disrupt the cell
      envelope and flagellar sheath. The nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, provided
      similar results for Campylobacter fetus. Each of these basal complexes possessed,
      in addition to the four classical rings, concentric membrane rings (CMR's)
      similar to those found in Aquaspirillum serpens. Through the use of stereo
      imaging (which allows structures to be visualized in three dimensions) of thin
      sections of cells which had been sequentially treated with a number of envelope
      perturbants (i.e., ethylenediaminetetraacetate, lysozyme, Triton X-100,
      rhamnolipid hemolysin, and sodium dodecyl sulfate), we have progressively exposed
      the component parts of the basal organelles in V. cholerae and C. fetus. Since
      the action of these envelope perturbants has been well documented, we have been
      able to determine the associations of the exposed portions of the flagellar basal
      complex and the layer of the cell envelope in which they would normally reside.
      From our observations we have concluded that in both V. cholerae and C. fetus the
      L ring is embedded in the outer membrane and the P ring is associated with the
      peptidoglycan. The CMR's are bracketed by the L and P rings and are sandwiched
      between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan. Elements of both the S and M
      rings appear to be associated with the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6426767
TI  - Involvement of outer membrane proteins in freeze--thaw resistance of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Two families of Escherichia coli mutants with altered outer membrane protein
      components were examined for sensitivity to freezing and thawing and other
      stresses. A mutant unable to make the lipoprotein (lpo) was extremely sensitive
      to freezing and thawing in water or saline and to challenge with detergent, while
      the mutant unable to make the porin proteins (ompB) was more resistant than the
      isogenic wild type; strains unable to make the tsx and ompA proteins were
      slightly more sensitive to the stresses. Similarly, the lpo deficient strain
      exhibited more and the ompB less wall and membrane damage than the wild-type
      strains. Little difference in the extent of wall damage, but more membrane
      damage, was seen for the two tsx and the ompA strains when compared with the wild
      type strain. The roles of the specific proteins in determining sensitivity to
      freeze-thaw are discussed.

PMID- 6426768
TI  - Membrane enzymes associated with the dissimilation of some citric acid cycle
      substrates and production of extracellular oxidation products in chemostat
      cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - Enzyme activities forming extracellular products from succinate, fumarate, and
      malate were examined using washed cell suspensions of Pseudomonas fluorescens
      from chemostat cultures. Membrane-associated enzyme activities (glucose,
      gluconate, and malate dehydrogenases), producing large accumulations of
      extracellular oxidation products in carbon-excess environments, have previously
      been found in P. fluorescens. Investigations carried out here have demonstrated
      the presence in this microorganism of a malic enzyme activity which produces
      extracellular pyruvate from malate in carbon-excess environments. Although the
      three membrane dehydrogenase enzymes decrease significantly in carbon-limited
      chemostat cultures, malic enzyme activity was found to increase fourfold under
      these conditions. The regulation of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme by
      malate or succinate was similar. Malate dehydrogenase increased and malic enzyme
      decreased in carbon-excess cultures. The opposite effect was observed in carbon
      limited cultures. When pyruvate or glucose was used as the carbon source, malate
      dehydrogenase was regulated similarly by the available carbon concentration, but
      malic enzyme activity producing extracellular pyruvate was not detected. While
      large accumulations of extracellular oxalacetate and pyruvate were produced in
      malate-excess cultures, no extracellular oxidation products were detected in
      succinate-excess cultures. This may be explained by the lack of detectable
      activity for the conversion of added external succinate to extracellular fumarate
      and malate in cells from carbon-excess cultures. In cells from carbon-limited
      (malate or succinate) cultures, very active enzymes for the conversion of
      succinate to extracellular fumarate and malate were detected. Washed cell
      suspensions from these carbon-limited cultures rapidly oxidized added succinate
      to extracellular pyruvate through the sequential action of succinate
      dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malic enzyme. Succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase
      activities producing extracellular products were not detected in cells from
      chemostat cultures using pyruvate or glucose as the carbon source. Uptake
      activities for succinate, malate, and pyruvate also were found to increase in
      carbon-limited (malate or succinate) and decrease in carbon-excess cultures. The
      role of the membrane-associated enzymes forming different pathways for carbon
      dissimilation in both carbon-limited and carbon-excess environments is discussed.

PMID- 6426769
TI  - Escherichia coli growth on lactose requires cycling of beta-galactosidase
      products into the medium.
AB  - Growth on lactose was found to be restricted in an Escherichia coli strain
      deficient in its ability to transport glucose and galactose. If the latter sugars
      were removed from the medium as they were being produced, a wild-type strain grew
      only poorly, while the transport-deficient strain did not grow at all. These
      results suggested that all of the products of beta-galactosidase action on
      lactose are released into the medium before being metabolized. This contention
      was strongly supported by the finding that the appearance of products in the
      medium was equal to lactose disappearance at three limiting lactose
      concentrations and by an experiment which showed that essentially all of the
      label from added lactose ( [1-14C]glucose) was found in the medium as glucose
      when chased with unlabelled lactose.

PMID- 6426770
TI  - Economic constraints and quality assurance in mental health services: sensitive
      indicators.
AB  - Clinicians in the field of mental health are met with the dual challenge of
      increased accountability and shrinking resources. Funds are often allocated
      through the use of crude administrative monitors. This is of little solace to the
      clinician faced with unmet patients' wants and needs. A set of clinical monitors
      is outlined requiring the practitioner's cooperation. The presentation of an
      accurate composite picture is a must in the process of resource allocation. Such
      clinical monitors include the analysis of characteristics of patients such as the
      repeaters at emergency, "the revolving door" pool of patients and those falling
      in between networks. Reviews of waiting lists and lengths of stay, an evaluation
      of nursing care variables, the auditing of the choice of therapeutic modalities
      and the use of restraints are other suggested contributors to the assessment of
      service needs.

PMID- 6426771
TI  - Tamoxifen treatment of metastatic breast cancer and antithrombin III levels.
AB  - Reported in the literature are several cases of thromboembolic complications
      occurring in patients on tamoxifen citrate for metastatic breast cancer. In view
      of this literature, a study of patients on tamoxifen was initiated to determine
      if a paradoxical estrogenic effect was present as evidenced by lowered levels of
      antithrombin III (AT III). Both functional and immunologic levels were assayed.
      Twenty-four women with metastatic breast cancer (predominantly bone, 83%) on
      tamoxifen 10 mg by mouth twice daily were studied. The mean duration of tamoxifen
      therapy at the time of the AT III determination was 36 weeks (range, 2-87 weeks).
      The mean age of the group was 64 years with a mean functional AT III of 86%
      (normal, 82%-120%). Ten of 24 (42%) had low levels of functional AT III (mean,
      75%), whereas, the remaining 14 (58%) had normal levels of functional AT III
      (mean, 94%). Immunologic AT III levels were normal in 23 patients (mean, 26
      mg/dl; normal range, 17-30 mg/dl) and elevated in 1 patient. Similarly,
      functional and immunologic AT III levels were determined in 11 women with
      metastatic breast cancer on no hormonal therapy. One of 11 (9%) had a low level
      of functional AT III with a mean of 102% for the entire group. The mean
      immunologic AT III was 28 mg/dl with two elevated. The poor correlation between
      functional and immunologic AT III levels may be similar to the disparity noted in
      women using estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. The finding of lowered
      functional activity of AT III in 42% of tamoxifen-treated patients is preliminary
      in nature and will require larger confirmatory studies, including further
      clinical correlation of this observation.

PMID- 6426772
TI  - 16-16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 reduces 5-fluorouracil-induced and mitomycin C
      induced gastric mucosal injury in the dog.
AB  - Gastric complications occur in 5% to 20% of patients treated with hepatic artery
      infusion of chemotherapeutic agents for hepatic metastatic lesions. Often these
      complications are due to catheter dislodgement from the common hepatic artery
      into the left gastric artery. These studies were designed to answer the following
      questions: (1) Will chronic infusion of 5-fluorouracil into the left gastric
      artery produce mucosal injury in dogs; and (2) if so, will 16-16 dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 afford protection against such injury? Mongrel dogs, 20 kg, were
      prepared with a polyethylene catheter in the left gastric artery and a Thomas
      cannula in the antrum 5 days prior to the study. Daily intraarterial infusions of
      either 5-fluorouracil, 6.7 mgM-2 X h-1, (N = 5) or 5-fluorouracil + 16-16
      dimethyl prostaglandin E2, 2 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1, (N = 5) were given 12 hours
      a day for 5 days. In 2 dogs, 0.15 M NaCl was infused for 12 hours a day for 5
      days as controls. Daily endoscopic evaluation of the gastric mucosa was made
      through the Thomas cannula by an unbiased observer and scored 0 to +5 based on
      degree of erythema, edema, friability, exudate, and gross ulceration. Results of
      these studies demonstrated that this dose of 5-fluorouracil had no effect on
      histamine-stimulated acid output. This dose of 16-16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2
      inhibited histamine-stimulated maximal acid output 65%. From the observations
      made it was concluded that infusion of this chemotherapeutic regimen into the
      left gastric artery produced significant mucosal injury, simultaneous
      intraarterial infusion of 16-16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 provided significant
      protection against this damage, and, since 16-16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2, at
      this dose, inhibits stimulated gastric acid secretion, it cannot be determined
      whether this observed mucosal protection is due to its antisecretory effect or
      some other mechanism.

PMID- 6426773
TI  - Human undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma synthesizes and secretes 19S
      thyroglobulin.
AB  - Thyroglobulin (Tg) biosynthesis and secretion have been studied in one case of
      undifferentiated small spindle cell human thyroid carcinoma. From tumor tissue
      were extracted 32 mg of soluble proteins per gram of wet tissue, compared with 54
      mg from control gland; after ammonium sulfate fractionation, density gradient
      centrifugation, and immunoprecipitation, 1.3 mg of Tg per gram of wet tissue,
      compared with 31.2 mg from control, were purified. By incubating in vitro up to 3
      hours tumor slices with tritiated leucine, galactose, and 125I, the rate of
      incorporation of leucine and galactose increased with time in tumor tissue.
      However 125I incorporation into soluble proteins from tumor, at 3 hours of
      incubation, was only 1.7% of control value. By density gradient centrifugation of
      labeled soluble proteins a well-separated component sedimenting in the 19S peak
      was identified. No radioiodine was detected in the 19S fraction which showed the
      immunoreactive properties of 19S and was poor in 127I and sialic acid. In the
      incubation medium of tumor were secreted 0.4 mg of 19S Tg per gram of wet tissue
      compared with 48 mg of tissue in the control gland. Thus the undifferentiated
      thyroid carcinoma synthesizes a protein with the physiochemical and immunologic
      properties of 19S Tg. The undifferentiation of thyroid cells does not affect the
      biochemical steps involved in the synthesis of Tg.

PMID- 6426774
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathy in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Monoclonal IgG components were found in the serum of 5 of 40 patients with
      chronic myelocytic leukemia (12.5%), as well as in 2 of 15 patients with acute
      myelocytic leukemia (13.3%). These findings may represent an involvement of the
      lymphoplasmacytic system in myeloproliferative disorders. The significance of
      this association is discussed.

PMID- 6426775
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange in normal and Ph1-positive leukemic cells after
      mitomycin-C treatment in vitro.
AB  - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was investigated in normal bone
      marrow and Ph1-positive cells of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) patients with
      and without mitomycin-C (MMC) treatment in vitro. Even though the spontaneous SCE
      frequency was found to be significantly lower in CML cells, the absolute SCE
      values after MMC treatment did not differ between leukemic and normal cells, and
      this seems to indicate an equilization of SCE rates. However, the fact that
      leukemic cells with lower spontaneous SCE rates need a further increase of SCE to
      reach values equal to those of normal cells might indicate a somewhat higher
      susceptibility of leukemic cells to DNA damage by MMC. This interpretation
      appears to be confirmed by the fact that the inhibition of cellular proliferation
      at higher MMC doses considerably reduced the number of leukemic cells that was
      able to divide twice during a given culture time.

PMID- 6426776
TI  - The pathophysiology of neurofibromatosis. II. Angiosarcoma as a complication.
AB  - A patient with Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and an angiosarcoma (which
      developed subsequent to two separate neurofibrosarcomas ) is described, and the
      association of neurofibromatosis and angiosarcoma is reviewed. The data showed
      that angiosarcoma is not coincidental with neurofibromatosis, and there is a need
      to focus investigative efforts on the vascular aspects of this disease.

PMID- 6426777
TI  - Correlation between growth inhibition and presence of 5'-methylthioadenosine in
      cells treated with interferon.
AB  - Treatment with interferon of several lines of human and murine cells resulted in
      a modest increase of the S- adenyosylmethionine level and in a greater increase
      of the S-adenosylhomocysteine level, with a consequent decrease in the S-
      adenyosylmethionine /S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. These results confirmed a
      previous report (F. de Ferra and C. Baglioni , J. Biol. Chem., 258: 2118-2121,
      1983) of such an effect of interferon on HeLa cells. The increase in S-
      adenyosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine was not observed in lymphoblastoid
      Raji cells, which are not growth inhibited by interferon. When Daudi cells and
      two other cell lines sensitive to growth inhibition by interferon were labeled
      with [35S]methionine, two novel labeled compounds were detected by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography analysis of cell extracts. These compounds were not present
      in untreated cells, and were either absent or present in reduced amount in
      extracts of cells resistant to the antiproliferative effect of interferon. One of
      the labeled compounds was tentatively identified with 5'-methylthioadenosine
      (MTA), a naturally occurring nucleoside, which was previously shown to inhibit
      murine lymphoid cell proliferation. Addition of MTA to cultures of different cell
      lines resulted in inhibition of cell growth. When the MTA concentration was
      measured in Daudi cells treated in this way, a relatively low concentration of
      MTA was detected, which was comparable to that found in interferon-treated cells.
      It seems possible that the presence of MTA in interferon-treated cells
      contributes to the inhibition of cell growth.

PMID- 6426778
TI  - Cytokinetics of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - A variety of methods have been described to measure cytotoxicity of host effector
      cells against tumor targets. While these methods have proven their value, they
      have certain limitations, most notably that the measured parameter cannot be
      related to the overall rate of tumor cell growth. Accordingly, we have developed
      a new method for measuring cytotoxicity based upon the rates of cell replication
      and target cell loss. While technically more demanding, this new method has the
      advantages that the data are biologically relevant to tumor cell growth and are
      appropriate for refined statistical analysis of measurements comparing treatment
      groups. This methodology was applied to macrophage-mediated inhibition of tumor
      cell growth. Proteose peptone-elicited macrophages decreased the rate of tumor
      cell loss but also tended to reduce the replicative rate of the tumor cells so
      that overall tumor cell growth was unaffected. In contrast, Bacillus Calmette
      Guerin-activated macrophages caused an overall reduction in tumor cell numbers by
      increasing the rate of tumor cell loss (cytolysis) and decreasing the rate of
      tumor cell replication (cytostasis). Simultaneously conducted isotope release
      assays revealed that the percentage released increased with time but that this
      did not reflect a change in the rate of cell death. An equation is given relating
      the rate of survival of control and experimental tumor cell populations to the
      commonly used percent specific isotope release. This relationship explains the
      dependency of isotope release on time and provides an explanation why isotope
      release did not reliably indicate the relative efficiency of killing by B.
      Calmette-Guerin-activated macrophages for four different tumor targets.

PMID- 6426779
TI  - Synergistic antiproliferative activity of leukocyte interferon in combination
      with alpha-difluoromethylornithine against human cells in culture.
AB  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase, was administered in combination with human leukocyte
      interferon to human lymphoblastoid (Daudi) cells in culture. True synergistic
      antiproliferative activity was observed at 72 hr after continuous exposure. This
      effect was observed regardless of the ratio of interferon to alpha
      difluoromethylornithine concentrations. Although the mechanisms by which this
      effect occurs are unknown, these studies provide a rationale for combination
      clinical trials of alpha-difluoromethylornithine with leukocyte interferon.

PMID- 6426780
TI  - Activation of tumor-cytostatic macrophages with the antitumor agent 9,10
      anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-yl)hydrazone]
      dihydrochloride (bisantrene).
AB  - An investigation was carried out to determine the potential for activating tumor
      inhibitory macrophages with the cytotoxic antitumor agent, bisantrene.
      Macrophages prepared from peritoneal exudates of mice treated i.p. with
      bisantrene were extremely active in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. The
      minimal effective in vivo dose of this drug appeared to be 25 mg/kg, with peak
      activation being achieved at doses of 50 to 100 mg/kg. Effector cells became
      detectable 2 days after treatment and persisted for at least 4 weeks. Incubation
      of effector and target cells for 48 hr seemed necessary to achieve the maximum
      inhibitory effect. Treatment with carrageenan in vitro and in vivo abolished
      tumor cytostasis, whereas treatment with anti-T-cell antibody plus complement had
      no effect, suggesting that macrophages rather than T-lymphocytes were responsible
      for the observed results. Culture supernatants of activated macrophages were
      found to have antiproliferative effects on tumor cells, indicating that a
      cytostatic factor(s) was produced by these macrophages. Hydrogen peroxide and
      neutral proteases apparently did not function as cytostatic mediators since
      activated macrophages were resistant to treatment with catalase, N-alpha-p-tosyl
      L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and aprotinin. The present findings suggest that,
      in addition to direct toxicity to tumor cells, bisantrene may act as a macrophage
      activating immunopotentiator. This observation may be of potential clinical
      usefulness in the design of immunochemotherapeutic trials for certain types of
      cancer.

PMID- 6426781
TI  - Cellular basis for adriamycin-induced augmentation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      in culture.
AB  - The cellular basis for the augmented cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response seen
      when spleen cells from Adriamycin (ADM)-treated mice were stimulated in culture
      was investigated. Under conditions where mature macrophages were reduced
      (adherent or silica-sensitive cells removed) at time of alloantigen challenge,
      the cells from ADM-treated mice developed levels of CMC activity much higher than
      the low levels which were developed by similar subsets of cells from nontreated
      control mice. This indicates that ADM treatment enriched a subset of cells in
      spleen which was nonadherent, silica-insensitive, and nonphagocytic but was
      capable of providing accessory function. When mature macrophages were not
      removed, the capability to develop an augmented level of CMC was shown to be
      associated with a subset of cells from ADM-treated mice which was adherent to
      either plastic or nylon wool. In recombination experiments, it was found that the
      removal of Thy 1.2+ cells from the adherent subset from ADM-treated mice had
      little effect on the response, while their removal from the adherent subset from
      nontreated mice resulted in elevated levels of response. A similar effect was
      obtained when Lyt 2.2+ cells were eliminated but not when Lyt 1.2+ cells were
      removed. This indicates that a Thy 1.2+, Lyt 1-2+ cell, involved in regulation of
      the response, was missing from or failed to function in the ADM-treated
      population. Based on these findings, ADM apparently induces modifications in two
      cell subsets: (a) immature cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage which can
      provide accessory function; and (b) adherent, Lyt 2+ T-cells which cooperate in
      maintaining levels of CMC activity at "normal" levels.

PMID- 6426782
TI  - 4-aminoazobenzene and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene as equipotent hepatic
      carcinogens in male C57BL/6 X C3H/He F1 mice and characterization of N
      (Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminoazobenzene as the major persistent hepatic DNA-bound
      dye in these mice.
AB  - In contrast to the well-established requirement for an N-methyl group for
      efficient hepatic tumor induction by dietary administration of derivatives of 4
      aminoazobenzene (AB) to adult rats, we have now observed that AB and its N-methyl
      and N,N-dimethyl derivatives have high and approximately equal
      hepatocarcinogenicity when given as a single i.p. dose to male 12-day-old C57BL/6
      X C3H/ HeF1 (B6C3F1) mice. The hepatoma multiplicity induced by these dyes was
      approximately linearly related to the dose from 0.017 to 0.15 mumol/g body
      weight; at the high dose, an average of 11 hepatomas/mouse was observed at 10
      months. Female B6C3F1 mice were resistant to tumor induction under these
      conditions. AB and its N-methyl derivative also induced the same incidences of
      hepatomas on administration of a single dose of 0.45 mumol/g body weight to 12
      day-old male C3H/He mice (about 15 hepatomas/mouse) or C57BL/6 mice (about 1
      hepatoma/mouse). Infant male Fischer rats were much less susceptible; less than
      25% of the rats given 4 i.p. injections (0.3 to 0.4 mumol/g of body
      weight/injection) of N-methyl-4-amino-azobenzene and less than or equal to 5% of
      those given these doses of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene or AB before 22 days of
      age developed hepatic carcinomas by 24 months. Reverse-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography of enzymatically hydrolyzed hepatic DNA from 12-day-old
      male B6C3F1 mice or Fischer rats given an i.p. dose (0.08 or 0.3 mumol/g of body
      weight) of [prime-ring-3H]AB showed a single major adduct which was
      chromatographically identical to N-( deoxyguanosin -8-yl)-4-aminoazobenzene
      synthesized by reaction at pH 7 of N-acetoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (formed in situ
      from N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene and acetic anhydride) with deoxyguanosine. Mouse
      and rat liver DNA contained 20 and 0.5 pmol, respectively, of this adduct per mg
      24 hr after administration of 0.3 mumol of [prime-ring-3H]AB/g of body weight. At
      24 hr after administration of N,N-[prime-ring-3H]dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene to
      male B6C3F1 mice, N-( deoxyguanosin -8-yl)-4-aminoazobenzene, N-( deoxyguanosin 
      8-yl)-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, and 3-( deoxyguanosin -N2-yl)-N-methyl-4
      aminoazobenzene were present in a ratio of approximately 4:2:1, respectively.
      Unlike the N-( deoxyguanosin -8-yl)-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene adducts, the N-(
      deoxyguanosin -8-yl)-4-aminoazobenzene adducts were relatively stable in the DNA;
      the level of the latter adducts decreased about 60% between 24 hr and 21
      days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426783
TI  - Alteration in the distribution of the epidermal protein filaggrin during two
      stage chemical carcinogenesis in the SENCAR mouse skin.
AB  - The histidine-rich epidermal protein filaggrin was purified from urea extracts of
      newborn SENCAR mouse epidermis. The protein had a molecular weight of 28,000 and
      an amino acid composition distinctive for this class of proteins. The purified
      protein was a phosphate acceptor in an in vitro protein kinase assay. Rabbit
      antibodies raised against filaggrin were used in an indirect immunofluorescent
      survey of the distribution of filaggrin in the epidermis after single and
      multiple 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatments as well as in papillomas
      and carcinomas. The immunofluorescent pattern of acetone-treated adult SENCAR
      mouse epidermis showed primarily granular layer fluorescence. A single topical 12
      O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment increased immunofluorescence in basal
      and suprabasal cells. Large papillomas produced by a dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      initiation-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion protocol showed
      increased fluorescence in all layers. Exuberant papillomas showed a pleomorphic
      distribution of filaggrin with alternating positive and negative areas of
      immunofluorescence. Filaggrin immunofluorescence in invasive carcinomas was
      negative or only slightly positive. The distribution of filaggrin as detected by
      indirect immunofluorescence is a good indicator of maturation and differentiation
      in experimental tumors, and its presence correlates with the absence of
      aggressive or invasive growth.

PMID- 6426784
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to a human breast tumor protein released in response to
      estrogen.
AB  - A panel of monoclonal antibodies was produced against cell surface antigens of
      the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The monoclonal antibodies were selected
      by their ability to bind to live, intact MCF-7 cells in solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay, and to bind to human breast cancer cells in paraffin sections.
      One monoclonal antibody, designated UCD /AB 6.11, identified two cellular
      antigens and one extracellular antigen from MCF-7, and bound to 18 of 20 breast
      cancers in paraffin sections. The two cellular antigens were associated with Mr
      54,000 and Mr 56,000 proteins, which could be identified in Western blots, and
      were localized to the cell surface by immune precipitation of lactoperoxidase
      iodinated plasma membrane proteins. The extracellular antigen, a Mr 52,000
      protein, was slightly more acidic and was only found in the media from estrogen
      stimulated cells. Estrogen did not appear to have an effect on the production of
      the cell-associated antigens, Mr 54,000 and 56,000 proteins. We postulate that
      the cellular antigens are precursors to the secreted Mr 52,000 protein.

PMID- 6426785
TI  - Dietary seaweed (Laminaria) and mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - To test the potential in vivo antitumor effect of dietary seaweed, we induced
      mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats with the carcinogen 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Twenty-one-day-old rats (n = 108) were divided into
      two groups. Controls were fed a standard semipurified diet, and experimental rats
      received the control diet with 5% Laminaria, a brown seaweed, replacing 5%
      alphacel . At 55 days of age, each rat received 5 mg 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene intragastrically. Rats were palpated for mammary tumors
      and weighed weekly for 26 weeks. Complete autopsies were then done on all rats.
      The seaweed diet did not alter weight gain or weights of body organs at autopsy.
      Experimental rats had a significant delay in the time to tumor (p = 0.007);
      median time until tumor was 19 weeks in experimental rats and 11 weeks in control
      animals. Among mammary adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing animals, experimental rats
      had fewer adenocarcinomas/individual (p less than 0.05). There was also an
      overall 13% reduction in the number of experimental rats with histologically
      confirmed adenocarcinomas (76% among the control rats compared to 63% among the
      experimental rats). Components of Laminaria which might account for the observed
      difference in mammary tumor growth are varied and include the sulfated
      polysaccharide fucoidan . Rats in the top row of cages had a significant (p =
      0.01) delay in time to tumor compared to rats in the lower four rows. In each
      row, the seaweed-fed rats had a longer time to tumor than did the control rats.

PMID- 6426786
TI  - Potentiation of antitumor and antimetastatic activities of alpha
      difluoromethylornithine by interferon inducers.
AB  - The objective of the present investigation was to study the potentiation of
      antitumor and antimetastatic activities of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (DFMO) by inducers of interferon, namely, tilorone and
      polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidilic acid complex [poly(l) X poly(C)]. The results
      of this study indicate that these interferon inducers enhance the antitumor
      activity of DFMO against B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. In B16
      melanoma, DFMO, tilorone, or poly(l) X poly(C), when administered alone, showed
      85, 39, and 39% of inhibition of tumor growth, respectively. However, a
      combination of DFMO and tilorone or poly(l) X poly(C) resulted in 98 and 95%
      inhibition of growth, with about 20% of animals showing no detectable tumors.
      This potentiation appears to be related to the ability of the compounds to induce
      interferon, since an analogue of tilorone, MDL 10,842, neither induced interferon
      nor potentiated the antitumor activity of DFMO. The data also indicate that this
      combination is particularly effective when the tumor burden is relatively low.
      When tilorone was given 7 days after tumor inoculation, it did not show any
      potentiation of antitumor activity of DFMO. The studies with Lewis lung carcinoma
      also showed that the interferon inducers potentiated both the antitumor and
      antimetastatic activities of DFMO. DFMO or tilorone administered alone showed 28
      and 46% inhibition of tumor growth and 80 and 58% inhibition of metastases,
      respectively. Poly(l) X poly(C) by itself did not have any effect on the tumor
      growth and metastases. However, a combination of DFMO and tilorone brought about
      78% inhibition of tumor growth and 99.5% inhibition of metastases, with 87% of
      the animals free of any metastases. A combination of DFMO and poly(l) X poly(C)
      also showed a potentiation of both antitumor activity (58% inhibition) and
      antimetastatic activity (94% inhibition), with 62% of the animals free of any
      detectable metastases. The mechanism underlying this tumor suppression by
      combination of DFMO and interferon inducers is not yet known. Enhancement of host
      immune response or interferon-mediated cytotoxicity could account for the
      observed marked suppression of tumor growth. Previous studies using interferon
      and the data reported here with interferon inducers, along with the relatively
      nontoxic nature of DFMO, suggest a potential use for the inhibitors of polyamine
      biosynthesis in combination with interferon or interferon inducers in cancer
      chemotherapy and other proliferative states.

PMID- 6426787
TI  - Cellular and subcellular studies of the biotransformation of hexamethylmelamine
      in rat isolated hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - The antitumor agent hexamethylmelamine is subject to oxidative metabolic
      conversion in rat isolated liver and small intestinal cells (conversion 40 times
      higher in hepatocytes). This N-demethylation is mediated by cytochrome P-450 in
      the microsomal fractions, and in mitochondrial preparations it has been found to
      occur via N- methylolpentamethylmelamine . Somehow, pentamethylmelamine,
      hydroxymethylpentamethylmelamine , or an intermediary metabolite becomes trapped
      in the intact cell, but the nature of the adduct formed is still unresolved.
      Pretreatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene p.o. caused a 5-fold increase in
      hexamethylmelamine turnover. Phorone administered in vivo prior to cell
      preparation (liver and gut) caused an increase in pentamethylmelamine production.
      The latter results together with results of adding glutathione to cell
      incubations demonstrate that glutathione contributes to the regulation of
      cytochrome P-450-mediated N-demethylation of hexamethylmelamine.

PMID- 6426788
TI  - Role of estrogen and prolactin in stimulation of carcinogen-induced mammary tumor
      development by a high-fat diet.
AB  - The role of estrogen and prolactin in high-fat (HF) dietary stimulation of
      carcinogen-induced mammary tumors was examined in female Sprague-Dawley rats. At
      55 days of age, the rats were given injections i.v. of 5 mg of
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and, 5 days later, rats were sham- or bilaterally
      ovariectomized. Ten days after dimethylbenz(a)anthracene administration, the rats
      were placed on either a 20.0% HF diet or a 4.5% control fat (CF) diet and were
      then subjected to various drug and endocrine treatments to maintain uniform
      levels of circulating estrogen and prolactin. Sham-operated intact rats and
      bilaterally ovariectomized rats were given daily injections of haloperidol to
      increase prolactin secretion, bromocryptine to decrease prolactin secretion,
      and/or estradiol benzoate (EB). The intact rats fed the HF diet showed
      significant stimulation of all parameters of mammary tumor development when
      compared to similarly treated rats fed the CF diet. In ovariectomized rats fed
      either the HF or CF diet, there was nearly complete inhibition of mammary tumor
      development. When the HF diet was given to ovariectomized rats treated daily with
      either haloperidol or EB, or EB and bromocryptine, some parameters of mammary
      tumor development were enhanced by the HF diet. However, in all cases, mammary
      tumorigenesis was reduced when compared to sham-operated control rats.
      Ovariectomized rats fed the HF diet and given both EB and haloperidol exhibited
      significantly greater tumor number per rat, increased average tumor size, and
      reduced tumor latency period when compared to similarly treated rats fed the CF
      diet. However, these parameters of mammary tumorigenesis were still reduced when
      compared to those of sham-control rats fed the HF diet. These results indicate
      that a HF diet requires adequate circulating levels of estrogen and prolactin to
      maximally promote increased mammary tumorigenesis in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
      treated rats. Moreover, the enhancing effects of a HF diet on mammary
      tumorigenesis can be achieved in the presence of similar circulating levels of
      estrogen and/or prolactin, whether decreased or increased. These results suggest,
      therefore, that mechanisms independent of altered secretion of estrogens and/or
      prolactin are involved in promotion of mammary tumorigenesis by high levels of
      dietary fat.

PMID- 6426789
TI  - Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis
      by concomitant or postcarcinogen antioxidant exposure.
AB  - When administered prior to or at the time of carcinogen exposure, the phenolic
      antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
      are effective inhibitors of carcinogenesis in several target organs. However,
      chronic, postcarcinogen administration of BHT apparently enhances tumorigenesis
      in certain animal models for liver and lung cancer. The present study was
      performed to determine the effects of BHA and BHT on mammary carcinogenesis when
      antioxidant exposure is limited to defined periods encompassing or following
      carcinogen availability. At 50 days of age (Time O), virgin female Sprague-Dawley
      rats (25/group) were given a single intragastric dose of 8 mg of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a) athracene . Basal diet (Wayne Lab Meal) was supplemented with
      5000 or 2500 mg of BHA or BHT/kg by the following protocol: 2 weeks before until
      1 week after carcinogen administration; 1 week after carcinogen administration
      until the end of the study; or none. The experiment was terminated 210 days after
      7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene administration, and all mammary tumors were
      confirmed histologically. When administered by the 2 weeks before to 1 week after
      schedule, both BHA and BHT were effective inhibitors of mammary carcinogenesis.
      However, the compounds also were active in chemoprevention when administered by
      the 1 week after to end protocol. These data indicate that the anticarcinogenic
      activity of antioxidants is not limited to influences on carcinogen metabolism,
      since both BHA and BHT inhibited mammary tumor induction when their
      administration was begun following clearance of the carcinogen from the mammary
      gland. The anticarcinogenic activity of postcarcinogen administration of BHA and
      BHT in the mammary gland is in contrast to the apparent tumor-enhancing activity
      of BHT in the liver and lung.

PMID- 6426790
TI  - Hexose uptake in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-preexposed rat tracheal
      epithelial cells during the progression of neoplasia.
AB  - Hexose uptake during the progression of neoplasia in rat tracheal epithelial
      cells was studied by measuring the uptake of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose (2-dGlc) in
      nontumorigenic (C-18) and tumorigenic (T-8, 1000-WT) rat tracheal epithelial cell
      lines with varying degrees of cell association as well as in: normal primary cell
      cultures (NPC) derived from explants of nonexposed tracheas; selected primary
      cell cultures (SPC) generated from explants of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
      treated tracheal implants; and primary tumor cell cultures (TPC) derived from
      explants of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tracheal carcinomas. The
      latter two groups represented cells from earlier and late stages in the
      progression of neoplasia, respectively, and each displayed an in vitro growth
      advantage that allowed for their survival and growth in medium devoid of
      supplements of pyruvate and insulin. This property was used in this study to
      select the carcinogen-altered cells from neighboring normal cells. Uptake of 2
      dGlc per microgram of DNA was similar in subconfluent cultures of all cell lines.
      At confluency, uptake per microgram of DNA was reduced markedly (greater than 3
      fold) in C-18 cells but it was reduced only 1.3-fold in T-8 cells and 1.6-fold in
      1000-WT cells. Hexose uptake was further reduced in T-8 and 1000-WT cell cultures
      generated as outgrowths from explants of denuded tracheas bearing a reestablished
      epithelium from each cell line. Under these conditions, T-8 cells retained higher
      2-dGlc uptake than did C-18, but uptake by 1000-WT was lower, indicating that
      tissue-like cell associations have a profound effect on hexose uptake in these
      epithelial cells. Results were generally similar when uptake was expressed per mg
      of protein although, in several instances, the interpretation of uptake data was
      affected by differences in the protein content between cultures (assessed by
      comparing protein:DNA ratios). Compared to NPC, hexose uptake was lower in SPC
      and one group of TPC. A second group of TPC, characterized by loose cell
      associations and much cell overlapping, had distinctly higher 2-dGlc uptake than
      did controls. Comparable results in these primary cultures were also observed
      when the number of cells per culture was used as a reference for 2-dGlc uptake.
      Under conditions of glucose deprivation, hexose uptake was increased in NPC and
      SPC. The production of lactic acid in each type of culture was dependent on the
      level of glucose in the medium, and this was nearly 2-fold greater in NPC than in
      SPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426791
TI  - Heightened interferon-gamma production by mononuclear cells from bladder cancer
      patients.
AB  - Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood leukocytes from
      bladder cancer patients was compared with that of patients with prostate cancer
      and benign prostatic hyperplasia, nontumor-bearing patients with bacterial
      infections, and normal controls. Leukocyte preparations including mononuclear
      cells isolated on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient (Fraction 2) and glass
      nonadherent mononuclear cells (Fraction 3) were stimulated with Protein A from
      Staphylococcus aureus, and IFN-gamma production was monitored 24 hr later. The
      class of interferon produced was identified by antibody neutralization
      experiments which clearly showed S. aureus Protein A-induced interferon to be IFN
      gamma. There was significantly heightened IFN-gamma production by Fraction 3
      cells from bladder cancer patients and patients with bacterial infections.
      Heightened IFN-gamma production by bladder cancer patients was not observed in
      the Fraction 2 cells. No correlation was observed between IFN-gamma production
      and patients with invasive or noninvasive bladder cancer, but IFN-gamma
      production was lower in patients having Stage C or D tumors than in those having
      Stage A or B tumors. These results in conjunction with previous reports
      demonstrating heightened IFN-gamma production during periods of antigenic
      stimulation suggest that bladder tumors may induce a cell-mediated immune
      response in the host as evidenced by the elevation in IFN-gamma production.
      Moreover, the results suggest that macrophages may be important regulators of IFN
      gamma production in bladder cancer patients.

PMID- 6426792
TI  - Randomized phase II trial of hexamethylmelamine versus pentamethylmelamine in
      carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder.

PMID- 6426793
TI  - Phase I-II study of high-dose mitomycin with autologous bone marrow
      transplantation in refractory metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 6426794
TI  - Sulfatides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Synthesis of the core alpha,alpha
      trehalose 2-sulfate.
AB  - alpha,alpha-Trehalose 2-sulfate, the core carbohydrate of sulfatides of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the 3-sulfate isomer were synthesized by
      sulfation of 4,6:4',6'-di-O-benzylidene-alpha,alpha-trehalose with pyridine
      sulfur trioxide complex to give the 2- and 3-sulfates, which were separated by
      column chromatography. The ammonium 2-sulfate salt wa was identical with the
      natural product obtained from the principal sulfatide (SL-I) of M. tuberculosis.

PMID- 6426795
TI  - Parenteral nitroglycerin: clinical usefulness and limitations.
AB  - It would appear that nitroglycerin, which has been the time-honored therapy for
      angina pectoris, has a much broader therapeutic scope. Since the Food and Drug
      Administration has only recently released intravenous nitroglycerin for general
      clinical use, other clinical applications may develop in the future. Intravenous
      nitroglycerin appears to provide predictable and rapid lowering of left
      ventricular filling pressure and mean arterial pressure in patients with ischemic
      heart disease. The ability to increase cardiac output appears to be greatest in
      those patients with severe left ventricular failure. However, anti-ischemic
      effects are evident in all hemodynamic subgroups. Compared with sodium
      nitroprusside, nitroglycerin appears to have more favorable effects on
      intercoronary collateral flow, pulmonary artery pressure, and intrapulmonary
      shunting. In the perioperative setting, nitroglycerin appears to be as effective
      an afterload-lowering agent as nitroprusside in the majority of patients. In view
      of its more favorable effects on coronary collateral resistance, nitroglycerin
      may be preferable to nitroprusside for many such afterload-lowering applications,
      especially in patients with significant obstructive coronary disease. With
      greater clinical use, intravenous nitroglycerin will undoubtedly prove to be a
      valuable new tool for the management of patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 6426796
TI  - Management of serious cardiac arrhythmias with drugs.

PMID- 6426797
TI  - Changes in platelet aggregation caused by glyburide in diabetic patients.
AB  - The effect of glyburide on platelet aggregation was investigated in 31 patients
      with maturity-onset diabetes. Platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma was
      measured before and one hour after the patients had ingested 5 mg of glyburide.
      The drug caused a significant decrease in platelet aggregation as determined by
      changes in the amplitude and slope of the curve.

PMID- 6426798
TI  - Induction of shape transformation in sea urchin coelomocytes by the calcium
      ionophore A23187.
AB  - We have investigated the ability of the Ca++ ionophore A23187 to induce the
      transformation of petaloid sea urchin coleomocytes to the filopodial form. The
      response of individual cells to different media was observed with time-lapse
      phase-contrast video microscopy. In the presence of 1 mM CaCl2, isotonic medium
      containing 1-5 microM A23187 produces a similar shape transformation to that
      caused by hypotonic shock. Higher concentrations of ionophore (10-20 microM)
      induce the formation of filopodia that are thinner and less rigid than those
      generated by hypotonic shock or low doses of ionophore. A23187 also induces shape
      transformation in highly flattened cells that do not respond fully to hypotonic
      shock. The induction of cytoplasmic alkalinization by NH4Cl, methylamine-HCl, or
      the Na+ ionophore monensin does not induce shape transformation, suggesting that
      increased intracellular pH is not the stimulus for this process. Ultrastructural
      changes in cytoskeletal organization were examined in negatively stained
      detergent-extracted cells. Low doses of ionophore produce filopodia that are
      indistinguishable from those of hypotonically shocked cells, with actin filament
      bundles that are straight and cohesive along their entire length. High
      concentrations of ionophore produce filopodia with filament bundles that branch
      repeatedly and splay apart near their tips, forming loops and irregular curves.
      These results suggest that an increase in intracellular free Ca++ concentration
      acts as the trigger that stimulates coelomocyte shape transformation, but that
      abnormally high concentrations of intracellular Ca++, produced by high doses of
      ionophore, interfere with actin filament bundling.

PMID- 6426799
TI  - [An observation on the persistent period of specific antibodies in epidemic
      hemorrhagic fever patients' convalescent sera].

PMID- 6426800
TI  - [Detection of viral antigen in rodents' lung tissue and antibody in patients'
      sera in the epidemic hemorrhagic fever endemic area of Xinye County, Henan
      Province].

PMID- 6426801
TI  - [A preliminary study on the application of SpA-Enz-IgG conjugate to the diagnosis
      of meningitis].

PMID- 6426802
TI  - Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative
      differences between pp60v-src and pp60c-src.
AB  - The retroviral oncogene v-src arose by transduction of the cellular gene c-src.
      The similarity between these genes raised the possibility that c-src might be
      able to elicit neoplastic growth. We explored this by constructing a chimeric
      plasmid that allows the expression of chicken c-src. A rat cell line containing
      ten times the normal intracellular level of pp60c -src was isolated after
      transfecting rat-2 cells with the chimeric DNA. These cells produce the protein
      encoded by c-src ( pp60c -src) in quantities at least three times greater than
      required to achieve transformation by the product of v-src ( pp60v -src). The
      cells remain phenotypically normal, contain actin cables, and do not grow in soft
      agar. However, transfection of the cell line containing elevated cells of pp60c 
      src or Rat-2 cells with a molecular clone of v-src produces cells that exhibit
      properties of biologically transformed cells: round morphology, disrupted actin
      cables, and ability to grow in soft agar.

PMID- 6426803
TI  - Role of the E receptor in interferon-gamma expression: sheep erythrocytes augment
      interferon-gamma production by human lymphocytes.
AB  - The E receptor is found on virtually all human T cells and is defined by its
      ability to bind to sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs). It was recently shown that a
      monoclonal antibody (MoAb) binding to the E receptor regulates interferon-gamma
      (IFN-gamma) production and lymphocyte activation. Here the effects of SRBCs on
      IFN production is examined since these bind to the E receptor. IFN-gamma
      production induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in both fresh peripheral blood
      mononuclear leukocytes ( PBML ) and T-lymphocyte lines was augmented by 5- to 10
      fold when cultured with SRBCs. The SRBCs increased IFN by interacting with the E
      receptor since its augmenting effect was blocked by the E-receptor MoAb 9.6. The
      augmenting effect of SRBCs was independent of blastogenic events since DNA
      synthesis was not similarly augmented by SRBCs and because IFN-gamma production
      was only increased after blastogenesis had occurred (in already differentiated
      lymphoblasts or in PBML 2-3 days after induction). Since it was found that only a
      short pulse of SRBCs was required for their action, this suggests that the
      studies employing SRBC rosetting as a fractionation technique for investigating
      the cell source of IFN-gamma should be viewed with caution.

PMID- 6426804
TI  - Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) does not induce production of interferon-gamma in
      human mononuclear blood cells.
AB  - Preparations of protein A (SpA) from Staphylococcus aureus and low-molecular
      weight SpA induce production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and are potent
      mitogens when added to human lymphocytes. The IFN-gamma-inducing and main
      mitogenic activity of these preparations can be separated from SpA by gel
      filtration and affinity chromatography. These activities can also be partially
      inhibited by antiserum to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in a specific
      manner. It is concluded that the IFN-gamma-inducing activity and most of the
      mitogenic activity of SpA preparations are not attributable to intact or low
      molecular-weight fragments of SpA but depend on the presence of SEA and other non
      SpA products in the preparations of SpA.

PMID- 6426805
TI  - Influence of plant hormones (indoleacetic acid, gibberelline, naphthyl-acetic
      acid and kinetine) on the growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

PMID- 6426806
TI  - The localisation of phoE and beta-galactosidase antigens in wild type and
      phoE/1acZ hybrid Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6426807
TI  - Phenylthiourea enhances Cu cytotoxicity in cell cultures: its mode of action.
AB  - PTU markedly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of CuCl2 on chick embryonic PECs
      cultured in vitro. We investigated this newly discovered effect of PTU and its
      analogues in relation to the toxic effects of Cu ion. Most PECs maintained in
      medium containing 0.5 mM PTU were lysed within 4 h by the addition of 0.1 mM
      CuCl2, which addition killed no PECs in the absence of PTU. The effect of PTU was
      not specific to PECs. All the cell lines tested, KB, N-18, N-115 and B-16,
      reacted against exogenous Cu in the presence of PTU as did the PECs. Analogues of
      PTU had effects on PECs similar to those on PTU in the presence of Cu ion. ANTU
      had a greater effect than PTU. MTU and TU had less effect than PTU. PTU did not
      affect the cytolysis induced by the addition of the divalent cations Mn, Co and
      Zn. About 6-fold the 64Cu-uptake by PECs was scored in the presence of PTU. The
      relation between this cytotoxic-enhancing effect and other biological activities
      of PTU are discussed.

PMID- 6426808
TI  - Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis in rainbow trout by flavone and indole
      compounds.
AB  - Several compounds such as flavonoids, selenium, antioxidants and retinoids
      reportedly reduce the induction of cancer in experimental animals, and some have
      been suggested to function by affecting the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system.
      The following compounds: 50 and 500 p.p.m. beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), 1000 p.p.m.
      flavone, 1000 p.p.m. of a tangeretin - nobilitin mixture, 1000 p.p.m. beta-
      ionone , 1000 p.p.m. indole-3-carbinol ( I3C ) and 2000 p.p.m. quercetin were
      examined for protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) hepatocarcinogenesis,
      induction of the MFO system and metabolism of AFB1 in rainbow trout. These
      compounds were fed to fingerling rainbow trout for 8 weeks. At that time the
      activity of several MFO enzymes and cytochrome P450 content were measured and the
      trout were exposed for 2 weeks to 20 p.p.b. AFB1 in the same diets. After feeding
      the test diets without AFB1 for another 6 weeks and basal diet for another 52
      weeks, the tumor incidence was determined. The effect of BNF and I3C on in vivo
      binding of AFB1 to DNA was also measured in separate groups of trout. BNF induced
      the trout MFO system in a dose-dependent manner, tangeretin - nobilitin was less
      effective and I3C did not induce. BNF showed significant alterations in the
      metabolism of AFB1 to aflatoxicol and aflatoxin M1 using cell fractions from
      pretreated fish. None of the other compounds, including I3C showed such an
      effect. Despite the apparent lack of in vitro effect of I3C , both BNF and I3C
      reduced AFB1 - DNA binding in vivo. I3C and BNF provided marked protection
      against AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, while the other compounds were less
      effective. The 58 weeks tumor incidences were 4% for 1000 p.p.m. I3C , 6% for 500
      p.p.m. BNF and 18% for 50 p.p.m. BNF, compared to 38% for the AFB1-positive
      control. These data demonstrate that gross induction of the MFO system was not
      necessarily required for alterations in DNA adduct formation in vivo or
      protection against AFB1 carcinogenesis. Both BNF and I3C provided marked
      protection but only BNF induced the MFO system.

PMID- 6426809
TI  - Activation of 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3' ,2' -d]imidazole, a mutagenic
      pyrolysis product of glutamic acid, to bind to microsomal protein by NADPH
      dependent and -independent enzyme systems.
AB  - The conversion of 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3' ,2' -d]-imidazole (Glu-P-1),
      a highly mutagenic principle in a pyrolysate of glutamic acid, to protein-bound
      metabolites in vitro was examined with microsomes from various tissues of female
      F344 rats. Addition of NADPH to the incubation mixture containing microsomes and
      [14C]Glu-P-1 increased the binding of its metabolites to microsomal proteins
      linearly with time for up to 30 min, while on addition of arachidonic acid the
      binding increased linearly only for the first 2-4 min of incubation and then
      levelled off. However, due to the initial rapid binding, addition of arachidonic
      acid resulted in 6-fold greater binding of metabolites to small intestinal
      microsomes than addition of NADPH on incubation for 4 min, and with microsomes
      from liver and colon, arachidonic acid was found to be a better cofactor than
      NADPH for activation of Glu-P-1. Indomethacin significantly inhibited the
      increase in binding by arachidonic acid. Additions of linoleic and linolenic
      acids also increased the binding, but addition of oleic acid had no influence.
      With hepatic microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats, binding within 4
      min after addition of arachidonic acid was greater than that after addition of
      NADPH and the reverse on further incubation. These findings suggest that
      prostaglandin synthetase may serve as an alternative enzyme to cytochrome P-450
      monooxygenases for conversion of Glu-P-1 to active intermediates in all the rat
      tissues investigated.

PMID- 6426810
TI  - Inhibition of DMBA-induced mammary cancer by the monoterpene d-limonene.
AB  - We investigated whether the addition of d-limonene to the diets of rats would
      modify the process of mammary tumor induction by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      (DMBA). When diets containing 1000 or 10 000 p.p.m. d-limonene were fed to rats
      from one week before DMBA administration to the end of the experiment (27 weeks
      post DMBA treatment), a significant reduction in mammary carcinogenesis was
      observed at each level. The inhibition of carcinogenesis was mainly due to an
      increase in latency; however, major differences in incidence could be seen during
      the follow-up period. For example, rats fed 10 000 p.p.m. of d-limonene had a 72%
      reduction in mammary tumors when compared to controls at 18 weeks post DMBA
      treatment. In addition to inhibiting the appearance of mammary tumors, d-limonene
      was also found to cause the regression of frank mammary tumors. No toxicity was
      evident in these rats even at the highest d-limonene dose. Control and all
      treated rats gained weight at the same rate throughout the experiment. In
      addition, no differences were found in their peripheral blood counts (Hct, total
      white cell and differential count).

PMID- 6426811
TI  - Effect of norharman on DNA strand breaks and mutation of Chinese hamster V79
      cells by chemical carcinogens.
AB  - The effect of norharman, which shows a comutagenic activity in the Salmonella
      mutation assay, was examined on the action of mutagens towards Chinese hamster
      V79 cells. Norharman reduced the DNA strand breaks by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), but enhanced the 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline l-oxide ( 4HAQO
      )-induced DNA strand breaks. Norharman also reduced the cytotoxicity and the
      mutagenicity of MNNG but enhanced the cytotoxicity of 4HAQO to V79 cells. In the
      Salmonella mutation assay, norharman showed no effect on the mutagenic activity
      of MNNG but reduced the mutagenic activity of 4HAQO . The effect of norharman on
      the action of mutagens to V79 cells appeared dependent on mutagens and did not
      correlate with the effect observed in Salmonella mutation assay.

PMID- 6426812
TI  - Evidence for membrane-mediated chromosomal damage by aflatoxin B1 in human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was found to be a potent clastogen for
      phytohemagglutinin stimulated human lymphocytes. It also induced sister chromatid
      exchanges. These types of chromosomal damage were induced at very low levels of
      covalent AFB1 - DNA adducts suggesting that AFB1 operates in part by indirect
      action because of its membrane-active character. The membrane-active character of
      AFB1 is documented by the following results: (i) AFB1 stimulated the excretion of
      hydroxy- and/or hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid (AA) and free AA into the culture
      medium; (ii) the phospholipase A2 inhibitor p-bromophenacylbromide was
      anticlastogenic ; (iii) the inhibitors of the oxidative metabolism of AA
      indomethacin, flufenamic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid,
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid and BN 1015 were anticlastogenic . These results are
      compatible with the induction of DNA damage by indirect action or the formation
      of covalent adducts via metabolic activation by cooxygenation . The observation
      that CuZn superoxide dismutase was anticlastogenic indicates the intermediacy of
      superoxide in DNA damage formation and supports the former mechanism.

PMID- 6426813
TI  - Serum selenium in patients with ovarian cancer during and after therapy.
AB  - Serum concentrations of selenium were determined by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry in 40 patients with ovarian cancer in association with and
      after surgical and cytostatic therapy. Patients with ovarian cancer had
      significantly (p less than 0.001) lower serum concentrations (mean +/- SE) of
      selenium (0.93 +/- 0.04 mumol/l) than age-, weight- and place of residence
      matched control subjects (1.22 +/- 0.03 mumol/l). In clinical stage IV disease
      there was a lower serum level of selenium (0.82 +/- 0.07 mumol/l) than in
      clinical stages I and II combined (1.00 +/- 0.04 mumol/l). Serum selenium
      concentrations also showed a tendency to follow the outcome of the disease; an
      increase in patients with remission and a decrease in patients with progressive
      disease, probably because of nutritional reasons.

PMID- 6426814
TI  - The influence of 18 environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and
      Clophen A50, as liver monooxygenase inducers, on the mutagenic activity of
      benz[a]anthracene in the Ames test.
AB  - In the presence of various liver S9 preparations induced by different polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons, the weak carcinogen, benz[a]anthracene, exhibited
      mutagenic activities comparable to those of benzo[a]pyrene in the Ames test. A
      series of positive correlations were found between mutagenic activity and the
      hydroxylation products of benz[a]anthracene at the 3,4-, 5,6- and 8,9-positions,
      of which 5,6-position was the most pronounced one (p less than 0.01). Our results
      suggest that the observed mutagenic activity is due mainly to the generation of K
      region epoxides.

PMID- 6426815
TI  - Selection of carcinogen-altered rat tracheal epithelial cells preexposed to 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by their loss of a need for pyruvate to survive in
      culture.
AB  - Normal rat tracheal epithelial cells require exogenous pyruvate to survive in
      culture while carcinogen-altered cells do not. The aims of our study were, (i) to
      utilize this loss of requirement for pyruvate by carcinogen-altered cells as a
      way of selecting out and quantitating the numbers of altered cell populations
      induced in tracheas exposed to 200 micrograms 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene
      (DMBA)-beeswax pellets for different lengths of time, (ii) to determine the
      constancy of these numbers at increasing time intervals after the exposure, (iii)
      to look for distinctive growth properties in cell populations that may be related
      to the exposure conditions. Tracheal implants were exposed for 2 weeks, 4 weeks
      or continuously to the 200 micrograms DMBA. At 2, 6 and 9 months after the start
      of exposure, the tracheas were cut into pieces and primary cultures established
      from outgrowths in an enriched Waymouth's medium. After 2 weeks, pyruvate and
      insulin were removed from the medium for 2 weeks to kill the normal cells and
      leave the altered, i.e., the selected cell populations (SPC). The pyruvate and
      insulin were then returned to the medium to stimulate rapid expansion of the SPC.
      The length of DMBA exposure had a marked effect on the number of SPC induced in
      the tracheas. There were 1.8 SPC/trachea 2 months after the 2 weeks exposure,
      while 5.0 and 7.2 SPC were obtained from the 4 weeks and continuously exposed
      tracheas, respectively, at this time. The numbers of SPC did not increase with
      time after exposure indicating that the maximal number of initiation sites was
      fixed. Between 2 and 9 months the number of subculturable SPC increased from 67
      to 88% in the 2 week exposed group, while 93-100% of the SPC were subculturable
      after the longer DMBA exposures. Only the SPC from the 2 week DMBA--2 month group
      were distinguished by smaller numbers of cells surviving the selection medium and
      by a slower average growth rate compared to all the other experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 6426816
TI  - Induction of hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity by butylated
      hydroxyanisole and conjugation of benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxide.
AB  - Dietary administration of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) to mice caused
      an increase in the hepatic soluble glutathione S-transferase activity towards (+/
      )-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-oxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) of approximately 5-fold whereas that towards 1
      chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was increased by approximately 14-fold. Whereas
      with either substrate the catalytic capacity of the enzyme was elevated by BHA
      treatment, there was little effect on the Km for CDNB but an increase in the Km
      for BPDE as substrates. The results thus suggest that BHA-induced GSH S
      transferase activity may be of limited importance for protection from certain
      reactive intermediates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 6426817
TI  - Reflex constriction of significant coronary stenosis as a mechanism contributing
      to ischemic left ventricular dysfunction during isometric exercise.
AB  - To study the mechanisms of myocardial ischemia during isometric exercise,
      handgrip was sustained, for 4.5 min at 25% of maximum by 11 patients with at
      least one significant coronary stenosis each, during cardiac catheterization.
      After recovery, the handgrip that was repeated with simultaneous infusion of
      nitroglycerin (50 micrograms over 4 min) directly into the diseased vessel. The
      cardiovascular response was assessed by hemodynamic and by computer-assisted
      measurements of stenosis. During the first handgrip test pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure rose 56% (15 to 23 mm Hg; p less than .001), the heart rate
      systolic pressure product rose 33% (p less than .01), and the diseased epicardial
      arteries constricted. Luminal area in the stenotic segment was reduced by 35% (p
      less than .01), resulting in a 243% increase in estimated stenotic flow
      resistance (30 to 103 mm Hg/ml/sec; p less than .001). During handgrip with
      intracoronary nitroglycerin, the pressure-rate product again increased 33%, but
      relative to resting control, capillary wedge pressure fell 4 mm Hg in association
      with a 32% increase in luminal area of the stenosis and a 28% reduction in flow
      resistance (all significantly different from the response to handgrip alone: p
      less than .001, .01, and .005, respectively). Thus, coronary vasoconstriction,
      not increased pressure-rate product, is the dominant mechanism for ischemic left
      ventricular dysfunction during isometric exercise in patients with significant
      coronary stenoses.

PMID- 6426818
TI  - Fungus growth on soft contact lenses with different water contents.

PMID- 6426819
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies can precipitate human plasma low-density-lipoprotein in
      gel.

PMID- 6426820
TI  - Microscale ultrafiltration technique for determining free drug in 50-microL serum
      samples.
AB  - This ultrafiltration technique allows determination of free drug in 50 microL of
      serum. We ultrafiltered sera containing the following drugs--valproic acid (and
      its major metabolites), phenobarbital, diazepam, indomethacin, phenytoin,
      furosemide, and chloramphenicol--using both the commercially available
      micropartition system (MPS-1, Amicon), which requires a 200-microL sample, and
      our modified micro system, which requires only 50 microL. The value for the free
      fraction of each drug obtained in the two experiments agreed well. The smaller
      sample requirement makes the micro method particularly suited for pediatric
      samples and studies on small laboratory animals.

PMID- 6426821
TI  - Protein-enhanced fluorescein chemiluminescence used in an immunoassay for rubella
      antibody in serum.
AB  - The chemiluminescence of fluorescein derivatives is greatly enhanced when they
      are conjugated to proteins. We exploited this property in devising a
      chemiluminescence immunoassay for rubella antibodies. In this sequential
      "sandwich"-type assay, tubes coated with rubella antigen are used for antibody
      separation and goat antibody to human IgG conjugated with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate is used for detection of bound rubella antibodies.

PMID- 6426822
TI  - Hormonal changes and hair growth during treatment of hirsutism with cimetidine.
AB  - The effects on hair growth by treatment with cimetidine have been studied. This
      drug has been given orally to 4 women with simple hirsutism and 3 women with
      peptic ulcer as controls for a period of 9 months. Hair growth slowed down in all
      of the treated women but the results were not statistically significant. A
      significant decrease in urine 17-ketosteroids has been observed, while plasma
      levels of testosterone, 17-beta estradiol, progesterone, FSH, LH and prolactin,
      did not change substantially. It is concluded that, on the whole, cimetidine
      doses not seem to induce such results on hair growth as to claim a role in the
      treatment of hirsutism in other current regimes.

PMID- 6426823
TI  - Marked increase of plasma acid stable/soluble trypsin inhibitor in hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - The activity of acid stable/soluble trypsin inhibitor (ASTI) was found to be
      considerably elevated in the plasma of hemodialysis patients (80.3 +/- 24.6 U/ml;
      21-fold higher than normal). The increased ASTI was a very acidic compound (pI =
      1.66) with a molecular weight (Mr) of 55000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunological identity of the ASTI
      to urinary trypsin inhibitor was confirmed.

PMID- 6426824
TI  - Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase as an indicator of tubular damage in
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - In 34 patients with multiple myeloma we have studied urinary N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (NAG) as an index of tubular injury and related it to urinary
      light chain excretion and serum creatinine. Our results confirm the association
      of light chain proteinuria with both tubular damage and global renal impairment,
      but show that not all light chains are nephrotoxic. Tubular damage occurs
      independently of global renal impairment. Clinically, urinary NAG appears to be a
      useful index of early tubular damage in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6426825
TI  - Efficacy of latex agglutination and quantification methods for determination of C
      reactive protein (CRP) in pediatric sera.
AB  - Described is a procedure for serum C-reactive protein (CRP) determination,
      consisting of a semiquantitative rapid CRP latex agglutination test, using
      dilutions of the serum, and the quantitating spot immunoprecipitate assay (SIA).
      These methods are performed with standard laboratory equipment using no more than
      30 microliters of serum for both assays. With visual inspection, the SIA results
      are available one to two hours after blood sampling. CRP levels obtained by
      agglutination testing with five batches of latex reagents coated with rabbit anti
      CRP agree well with the quantification, i.e. essentially 100% for the negative
      sera and about 80% for positive sera containing greater than 40 mg CRP/l. The
      remaining 20% of the samples are classified as low positive at 10 to 40 mg/l on
      agglutination. False positive or negative agglutination findings are below 2.3%
      with concordance at 88% between SIA and the CRP agglutination with rabbit
      antibodies. Two lots of CRP-latex reagents coated with sheep antibodies, however,
      gave 15.3% and 10.1% false positive findings and poor concordance with SIA
      ratings, particularly for low positive sera at only 20 and 29%. SIA is suggested
      for CRP quantification because it compares well with radial immunodiffusion in
      accuracy (less than 91%) and provides results in 2 h rather than 1-2 days. Rocket
      electroimmunoassay is less reliable with lower ratings than found in SIA,
      probably due to the electrophoretic heterogeneity of CRP. This is demonstrated
      for two of three purified CRP preparations, for which varying agglutination is
      seen. The combination of methods is especially recommended for diagnosis and
      monitoring of CRP in infectious processes in neonates and infants because of the
      required small sample volume--0.5 ml heel-prick blood--the rapidity of reliable
      (greater than 80%) reporting and the possibility of rating sera with moderate
      levels of CRP.

PMID- 6426826
TI  - Quantitative determination of valproic acid by means of gas chromatographic
      headspace analysis.
AB  - We have developed a simple but accurate procedure to monitor, by means of gas
      chromatographic headspace analysis, the concentration of valproic acid (VPA) in
      serum. Unlike previously described gas chromatographic methods, a preanalytical
      separation step is unnecessary. Irreversible sample loss, a pitfall in gas
      chromatographic extraction procedures caused by evaporation during the extraction
      process of this relatively volatile substance, is avoided. After acidifying and
      adding internal standard (2- ethylbutanoic acid), the serum sample is sealed
      hermetically in a special headspace tube. After heating, a vapour phase fraction
      is injected into the chromatographic column. This method reduces sample
      preparation time to a few minutes. Analysis time is only three minutes, and the
      method can easily be automated. Contamination of chromatographic columns by
      higher molecular mass serum ingredients is avoided.

PMID- 6426827
TI  - Re-evaluation of the proposed interrelationship between thyroxine-binding
      globulin (TBG) and alpha1-antitrypsin (PI).
AB  - Human plasma samples of known thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and alpha1
      antitrypsin (PI) phenotypes have been radiolabelled with 125I-thyroxine and
      subjected to isoelectric focusing. The TBG phenotypes were identified by
      autoradiography which was followed by protein staining to identify the PI
      phenotypes. The variant banding patterns of both TBG and PI were clearly
      independent and failed to show any interrelationship on either agarose or
      polyacrylamide gels. However, autoradiography of agarose gels after fixing in
      sulphosalicylic acid and trichloracetic acid solution produced banding patterns
      identical to the PI phenotypes obtained by protein staining. This unexpected
      finding results from the binding of 125I-thyroxine to PI during the acid-fixing
      process in agarose gels.

PMID- 6426828
TI  - Effects of the GABAergic drug, sodium valproate, on the prolactin release evoked
      by pharmacological stimuli in normal women.
AB  - Sodium valproate (DPA or Na-dipropylacetate), an anticonvulsant drug activating
      the endogenous GABAergic system, was administered orally at the dose of 400 mg to
      seventeen normal women 1 h before intravenous injections with three drugs which
      stimulate prolactin (PRL) release: TRH (200 micrograms bolus; six subjects);
      domperidone (5 mg bolus; six subjects); and sulpiride (5 mg bolus; five
      subjects). DPA pretreatment significantly blunted PRL response to both
      domperidone and sulpiride injections without affecting the PRL response to TRH.
      In particular, the quantitative PRL secretion (areas under curves) following
      domperidone and sulpiride tests appeared significantly reduced after DPA
      treatment in comparison to placebo (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.01 for
      domperidone and sulpiride respectively). These results indicate that the
      pharmacological enhancement of the endogenous GABAergic system by DPA may blunt
      PRL response to both central and peripheral dopamine receptor blockade. These
      observations suggest that a GABAergic pathway inhibiting PRL secretion at the
      hypothalamic level competes, at least in part, with the dopaminergic system.
      Conversely, the lack of any effect of DPA on PRL response to TRH seems to suggest
      that pituitary TRH receptors are independent of any GABAergic control.

PMID- 6426829
TI  - The effect of endogenous and exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on the
      prolactin response to TRH.
AB  - The prolactin response to TRH in a group of patients with Kallmann's syndrome was
      found to be significantly lower compared to a group of hypergonadotrophic
      hypogonadal patients. Since levels of testicular products are comparably low in
      both groups, we hypothesize that high endogenous LHRH production might be
      associated with an increased prolactin response to TRH. In support of this, we
      were, indeed, able to establish a positive correlation between the magnitude of
      the prolactin response to TRH and basal and LHRH-stimulated LH/FSH levels (the
      latter serving as an index of endogenous LHRH production) in: (1) eugonadal men,
      (2) men with Kallmann's syndrome, (3) oestrogen-treated agonadal men, (4) men
      with severely impaired spermatogenesis and, (5) agonadal men. A direct relation
      between LHRH and the prolactin response to TRH was demonstrated in a group of
      eugonadal men, the prolactin response to TRH being greater after prolonged LHRH
      pretreatment. We speculate that an increase of endogenous or exogenous LHRH might
      be associated with decreased hypothalamic dopamine secretion which could directly
      increase prolactin synthesis. Indirectly, decreased dopamine secretion could
      augment the potency of TRH in releasing prolactin.

PMID- 6426830
TI  - Lack of endogenous opioid inhibitory tone on LH secretion in early puberty.
AB  - Thirteen normal children, seven males and six females, during early puberty (I-II
      according to Tanner), have been studied. Each subject was injected at weekly
      intervals and in random order with 100 micrograms of LHRH, 0.2 mg/kg of naloxone
      and 0.9% saline in single bolus. The gonadotrophin response was evaluated. The
      administration of naloxone failed to elevate LH levels in any of the subjects
      studied, even in those who showed a clear gonadotrophin response to LHRH. Unlike
      the response noted in adults, endogenous opiates do not appear to exert a tonic
      inhibitory influence on LH secretion during early puberty.

PMID- 6426831
TI  - Ocular, cerebral and cutaneous malformations: confirmation of an association.
AB  - A newborn with multiple congenital abnormalities including an orbital cyst,
      cerebral cysts, skin tags and focal dermal defects is described. This case is
      similar to two patients reported by Delleman & Oorthuys in 1981 under the
      designation "Oculo-cerebro-cutaneous syndrome." Features common to other
      syndromes are discussed and additional cases with some similarities are also
      presented. The occurrence of this process in a new population and the cited
      variability helps confirm and define this association.

PMID- 6426832
TI  - Orbital cyst in addition to congenital cerebral and focal dermal malformations: a
      new entity.

PMID- 6426833
TI  - Low trehalase activity in amniotic fluid: a marker for cystic fibrosis?

PMID- 6426834
TI  - Approaches to plasma fractionation for improved recovery and the development of
      potentially useful clinical factors.
AB  - World-wide use of large amounts of highly purified Factor VIII and Factor IX
      concentrates has increased steadily over the last decade. The increase has
      resulted in more effective treatment of patients with haemophilia, especially
      those patients on home care and 'demand' therapy, those on prophylactic therapy
      for chronic bleeding or those on maintenance therapy for the suppression of
      inhibitors. Changing socioeconomic conditions have also contributed to greater
      use of the concentrates. The trend is putting an increasing strain on
      conventional methods for collecting and fractionating plasma. These include the
      donor, the nature of the anticoagulant, methods for purification of the clotting
      factors, procedures for denaturation and/or separation of viral contaminants and
      patterns of clinical usage. As a result, it is essential that we upgrade the
      quantity and quality of plasma collected and utilize the most effective new
      methods for increasing the yield and purity of the plasma fractions. Of special
      significance are recently described procedures for heat inactivation and/or
      separation of viral contaminants from the fractions and the long-term promise of
      genetically engineered proteins.

PMID- 6426835
TI  - Transfusion support for haemophiliacs.

PMID- 6426836
TI  - A method of comparing the toxicities of disease suppressive agents: possible
      application to a comparison between D-penicillamine and chloroquine.
AB  - A general method for calculating incidences of the more common adverse reactions
      during long-term therapy with disease suppressive agents is presented. With D
      penicillamine treatment, the incidence of proteinuria rises during 6-12 months
      and then declines, but with aurothiomalate treatment the incidence of proteinuria
      and rash progressively decline. Low-dose chloroquine treatment was associated
      with a much lower withdrawal rate due to adverse reactions compared to D
      penicillamine. However, the efficacy at mean doses of chloroquine less than 250
      mg day-1 has not been formally evaluated. A formal, well-controlled trial
      comparing D-penicillamine, at current dosage, and of chloroquine, at low dosage,
      seems warranted in order to place the usefulness of D-penicillamine in
      perspective.

PMID- 6426837
TI  - Fractures and dislocations about the hip in head-injured adults.
AB  - Twenty-nine of 591 head-injured adults (4.9%) sustained concomitant injuries
      about the hip. Three hip injuries were undetected during initial hospitalization
      (10%). Sixteen patients (55%) developed varying amounts of heterotopic
      ossification about the injured hip. Eleven of 23 hips (41%) treated by
      nonoperative methods developed heterotopic ossification. Six hips underwent open
      reduction and five developed heterotopic bone (83%). The severity of injury,
      especially central acetabular and posterior fracture-dislocations, increased the
      occurrence and amount of heterotopic bone. Ipsilateral hemiplegia did not seem to
      influence the incidence or amount of heterotopic ossification. As the amount of
      heterotopic ossification increased, the range of hip motion decreased.

PMID- 6426838
TI  - [Immunocytochemical study of spheroid filament protein in amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis using an antiserum to 200K peptide of neurofilament and anti-tubulin
      antibody].

PMID- 6426839
TI  - [Case of central nervous system manifestation of Fabry's disease].

PMID- 6426840
TI  - Valproic acid and congenital malformations. A case report.
AB  - An infant exposed in utero to valproic acid was born with multiple congenital
      malformations, including duodenal atresia, lumbar vertebral fusion, thoracolumbar
      scoliosis, renal abnormalities, diastasis recti abdominis, depigmentation of the
      eyebrows, and a large hemangioma. The child had neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and
      postnatal growth deficiency. This case report is an addition to the literature
      implicating valproic acid as a human teratogen.

PMID- 6426841
TI  - Multiple pulmonary complications in a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
AB  - Since first described in 1922, Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been associated
      frequently with pneumonia of many etiologies. This "mucosal respiratory
      syndrome," first reported by Stanyon and Warner in 1945, is associated with
      "early" pneumonia which resolves 2 to 3 weeks after onset of the rash. In our
      patient, pneumonia began 10 days after rash onset and was nearly resolved by day
      20. The unique feature of this case was the onset of late pulmonary complications
      25 days after the appearance of the exanthem, manifesting as acute noninfectious
      interstitial disease with superimposed airway obstruction.

PMID- 6426842
TI  - The role of oscillations in arterial CO2 tension in the chemical control of
      breathing at rest and on exercise.

PMID- 6426843
TI  - Review of auranofin, an oral chrysotherapeutic agent.
AB  - The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and efficacy, adverse
      effects, and dosage of auranofin, an oral chrysotherapeutic agent used in
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, are reviewed. Auranofin is lipid-soluble and
      is monomeric in solution. It has a modulatory effect on both the humoral and
      cellular immune systems. Auranofin may be a condition-dependent immunoregulating
      agent rather than an immunosuppressive agent. It inhibits (1) monocyte-mediated
      antibody-dependent cellular toxicity, (2) release of enzymes from
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of
      rheumatoid arthritis, and (3) neutrophil activity. In patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis, 15-33% of an oral dose of auranofin 6 mg is absorbed. Peak plasma gold
      concentrations are achieved in one to two hours. Gold is highly protein bound.
      Elimination occurs through the feces and urine; 73-100% of auranofin gold is
      excreted. Plasma half-life is three weeks. Patients receiving auranofin 3 mg
      twice daily for rheumatoid arthritis reported improvement after five weeks of
      therapy; improvement has also been reported with lower doses. Diarrhea, rashes,
      and pruritus were the most common adverse effects. Auranofin is safe and
      effective for short- and long-term treatment of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. Its relative safety and potency compared with injectable gold salts
      and other drugs need further study.

PMID- 6426844
TI  - Nutrition and respiratory disease.
AB  - Correlations between nutritional status and respiratory function, effects of
      nutritional substrates on respiration, and optimal nutritional support during
      respiratory failure are reviewed. Somatic protein depletion is common in patients
      with either acute respiratory failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
      The etiology of the malnutrition includes decreased nutrient intake, increased
      work of breathing, and increased metabolic rate caused by infections. Excessive
      administration of glucose or protein can have detrimental effects on respiratory
      status. Weaning patients from ventilators may be prolonged or even impossible
      secondary to increased carbon dioxide production in patients receiving high
      caloric loads of glucose. Excessive protein administration stimulates ventilatory
      drive and can be detrimental in patients who cannot increase their minute
      ventilation. Fat is the preferred substrate for energy in selected mechanically
      ventilated patients requiring total parenteral nutrition because it is oxidized
      at a lower respiratory quotient than glucose. Measurements of respiratory
      quotient, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production can be useful in
      providing optimal nutritional support to the patient with respiratory compromise.

PMID- 6426845
TI  - Auranofin: more than just oral gold.

PMID- 6426846
TI  - Fat metabolism following an intravenous bolus dose of a fat emulsion and
      carnitine.
AB  - Intravenous fat tolerance tests were performed with (carboxyl-14C)-triolein
      labelled Intralipid in four normal subjects with and without L-carnitine
      administration, 20 and 25 mg/kg body weight. The pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine
      was studied simultaneously with measurements of variables reflecting fat
      metabolism during 4 h. 3-OH-butyrate concentration in plasma was higher in all
      subjects when carnitine was given. No effect of carnitine was found in
      elimination of the exogenous triglycerides, the 14CO2 activity in expired air,
      concentration and specific radioactivity of non- esterified fatty acids or
      glucose in plasma. The data suggest that carnitine may slightly increase fatty
      acid oxidation in normal subjects provided that increase of 3-OH-butyrate
      concentration in plasma is the most sensitive variable reflecting fatty acid
      oxidation of the variables applied in this study.

PMID- 6426847
TI  - Neuron-specific phosphoproteins as models for neuronal gene expression.

PMID- 6426848
TI  - The production of a monoclonal antibody that blocks the action of a neurite
      outgrowth-promoting factor.

PMID- 6426849
TI  - Learning and memory in Drosophila, studied with mutants.

PMID- 6426850
TI  - A surface antigen that identifies ocular dominance columns in the visual cortex
      and laminar features of the lateral geniculate nucleus.

PMID- 6426851
TI  - Hypothyroidism in the elderly.

PMID- 6426852
TI  - Treatment of diabetes in the elderly.

PMID- 6426853
TI  - Quantitation of elastin production in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells by a
      sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) procedure has been developed to quantitate
      the amount of elastin produced by cultured porcine aortic smooth muscle cells.
      ELISA was used to determine both titer and specificity of antisera raised in
      rabbits against porcine aortic alpha-elastin conjugated with key-hole limpet
      hemocyanin. Under optimum conditions (1: 3000 dilution of antiserum, 20 ng alpha
      elastin per assay well), sensitivity averaged 60 ng/ml). Specificity was
      confirmed by immunoprecipitation of [125I]-tropoelastin, radial immunodiffusion,
      Western blotting and lack of cross-reactivity with serum proteins or collagen.
      Extensive cross-reactivity was found with both human alpha-elastin and porcine
      beta-elastin, while porcine tropoelastin was able to compete with 80% of the
      alpha-elastin determinants. Affinity of anti-porcine antisera for sheep alpha-
      elastin was significantly lower. When the ELISA was made specific for
      tropoelastin by coating wells with 60 ng of this antigen, a time-dependent and
      serum-dependent rate of production of tropoelastin was observed in the culture
      medium of primary and secondary cultures of smooth muscle cells. Comparison of
      elastin production in cultures of porcine smooth muscle cells suggests that
      porcine aortic elastin production varies as a function of cell density and phase
      of growth.

PMID- 6426854
TI  - Adhesion of human platelets to collagen: evidence for two states of platelet
      activation.
AB  - Normal human platelets suspended in buffer were exposed to a suspension of bovine
      tendon collagen fibrils and the rate of adhesion observed over a period of 60
      minutes. In fresh platelet preparations, approximately 15-20% of the platelets
      adhered within one minute, and the total percent adhesion, following pseudo first
      order kinetics after the first minute, approached 60% after 60 minutes. Pre
      treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, dithiothreitol, and glutaraldehyde reduced
      adhesion at 1 minute to less than 5%, but only N-ethylmaleimide completely
      blocked adhesion at 60 minutes. Thus, freshly collected, washed human platelets
      contain two distinct subpopulations exhibiting greatly differing rates of
      adhesion, reflecting different levels of reactivity toward collagen.

PMID- 6426855
TI  - A digoxin induced epileptiform seizure: an unusual toxic manifestation.

PMID- 6426856
TI  - Location of xylosyltransferase in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum of embryonic cartilage cells.
AB  - Purified antibodies were prepared to UDP-D-xylose: core protein
      xylosyltransferase, the enzyme which initiates the formation of chondroitin
      sulfate chains in the course of proteoglycan biosynthesis in cartilage. The
      purified antibodies were conjugated to ferritin with a two-step glutaraldehyde
      procedure, and conjugates were then used to locate xylosyltransferase in
      fragments of embryonic cartilage cells. The results indicated that the enzyme is
      located within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The distribution
      of the enzyme was similar to that of prolyl hydroxylase in the same cell
      fragments, suggesting that procollagen synthesis and initiation of chondroitin
      sulfate chains occur in the same regions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6426857
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its analogs for contraception in
      women: a review.
AB  - In animals, LHRH agonists have multiple sites of action including the pituitary,
      the gonads, and the reproductive tract. In humans, the major antifertility action
      of this class of peptides is believed to be mediated via the pituitary. Studies
      in women have indicated that potent LHRH agonists can block ovulation when
      administered once daily. In the volunteers who have used these agents no serious
      side effects were observed, although some women experienced irregular bleeding or
      amenorrhea. It is anticipated that formal clinical trials could be conducted in
      the near future to determine the efficacy of continuous LHRH agonist
      administration. Early attempts to use an LHRH agonist to produce luteal
      insufficiency, luteolysis, or interruption of pregnancy have either been
      unsuccessful or the results are still too preliminary to ascertain whether these
      approaches warrant further trials. LHRH antagonists are believed to act by
      inhibiting the action of LHRH on the pituitary. Although some of these peptides
      are known to be active in women, very large doses have been required. Recently
      several investigators have produced LHRH antagonists with increased potency. In
      the near future, it should be possible to determine whether these peptides should
      be considered as potential contraceptives in men or in women.

PMID- 6426858
TI  - Can amnesia be caused by damage of a single brain structure?
AB  - The relation of amnesia and damage to some particular brain regions is discussed
      by reviewing the main findings of selected human case reports. It is argued that
      frequently a too straightforward and unidimensional interpretation of the
      relations between brain damage and a behavioral deficit is formulated in such
      reports. Evidence obtained by modern anatomical techniques as well as the
      widespread and time-dependent effects of lesions make it necessary to consider a
      lesion of a particular structure of the brain and correlated mnemonic
      disturbances as possibly due to an altered equilibrium in an extensive network of
      the brain. The primary lesion of one or the other specific structure may lead to
      severe and lasting amnesia or may fail to do so depending on its influence on
      other brain regions.

PMID- 6426859
TI  - Thyroid function tests in thyroid and nonthyroid disease.
AB  - Modern day evaluation of thyroid disorders requires a combination of accurate
      clinical judgement and reliable, sensitive, and specific thyroid functions tests.
      Principle among the latter are thyroxine (T4) 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Also playing an important role in special
      situations are free thyroxine, an assessment of bound and unbound thyroid-binding
      globulin, TRH stimulation, long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), antibodies to
      thyroid hormone and to thyroid receptors. Basic to interpretation of these tests
      in the clinical setting is a comprehension of the relationship of the
      hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the thyroid gland as well as a knowledge of the
      peripheral metabolism of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The role of each of
      these laboratory tests in the evaluation of hyper- and hypometabolic states,
      their alteration in nonthyroid and other endocrine disorders, and the effects of
      environmental and physiological factors on these tests are reviewed.

PMID- 6426860
TI  - The deoxyuridine suppression test.
AB  - The deoxyuridine suppression (dU) test, first described in 1964, has gained an
      important place both in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemias and in the study
      of vitamin B12 folate interrelationships in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic
      anemia. The test measures the integrity of the de novo synthetic pathway of DNA
      synthesis, in which vitamin B12 and folate play an essential role. The exact
      mechanism of the test is still largely unknown. However, it is probably the most
      sensitive and specific functional test for the establishment of vitamin B12
      and/or folate deficiency. As such, it is an important diagnostic tool in the
      investigation of patients suspected of suffering from deficiency of either or
      both of these vitamins. The test may also have applications towards the study of
      other factors required for the de novo synthesis of DNA.

PMID- 6426861
TI  - End-tidal PCO2 greater than PaCO2.

PMID- 6426862
TI  - Interventional equilibrium in blood pool studies.
AB  - Equilibrium gated studies ( MUGA studies) have come into widespread clinical use
      over the last several years. The accuracy of these studies in determination of
      ejection fraction and wall motion as compared with cardiac catheterization has
      proven to be quite favorable. Initially, only resting gated blood pool studies
      were performed. The measurement of ejection fraction and wall motion at rest is
      valuable; however, interventional ventriculography in the catheterization
      laboratory has become popular over the last several years. In view of the steady
      state nature of the multi-gated study, it has been possible to adapt some of the
      interventions from the catheterization laboratory, especially stress and drug
      interventions, for use with the multi-gated studies. This article will discuss
      the technique and utility of these different procedures and indications for
      performance of interventional equilibrium gated studies.

PMID- 6426863
TI  - Effect of pentoxifylline ('Trental') on cochlear blood flow as measured by
      hydrogen wash-out.
AB  - A comparative experimental study was carried out in guinea-pigs to assess the
      effect of pentoxifylline on inner ear perfusion. Five animals were given a single
      dose of 30 mg pentoxifylline per 10-minute intravenous infusion and the cochlear
      blood flow measured by means of the hydrogen-clearance technique before and after
      administration of the drug. A control group of 11 animals received the solvent
      only. Compared to controls, a significant increase in inner ear blood flow was
      observed in the pentoxifylline-treated animals. These data may explain positive
      clinical findings with pentoxifylline in otological disorders associated with
      impaired cochlear perfusion.

PMID- 6426864
TI  - The effect of low-dose heparin on the prevention of venous thrombosis in patients
      receiving short-term parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6426865
TI  - Metabolites of arachidonic acid in psoriasis.

PMID- 6426866
TI  - Mast cells.

PMID- 6426867
TI  - Dicarboxylic acids and the lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6426868
TI  - Haemodialysis-induced arterial hypoxaemia. Pathophysiology and clinical
      implications. A review.

PMID- 6426869
TI  - Compressive eye injuries caused by earthquake.

PMID- 6426870
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopic analysis of results in 1,450 Chinese patients in Hong
      Kong.

PMID- 6426871
TI  - Saving blood in open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Report of 100
      cases without donor blood.

PMID- 6426872
TI  - Intestinal polyposis of 13 cases.

PMID- 6426873
TI  - Hormone receptor assessment for endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer.
      Report of 28 cases.

PMID- 6426874
TI  - Cross-bridge transplantation of free latissimus dorsi skin flap in one case.

PMID- 6426875
TI  - A new method for studying survival rate rate product, variance and significance
      test.

PMID- 6426876
TI  - Contraindications to early escharectomy in major burn.

PMID- 6426877
TI  - Free omental autotransplant to brain surface in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 6426878
TI  - Geriatric immunity.

PMID- 6426879
TI  - Initial analysis of 40,596 biopsy diagnoses.

PMID- 6426880
TI  - Elbow joint medial collateral ligament injury. A preliminary report.

PMID- 6426881
TI  - Laboratory and clinical studies of piperacillin.

PMID- 6426882
TI  - Surgery in gigantic neurofibromas of the back. Report of 3 cases.

PMID- 6426883
TI  - Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Clinical analysis and follow-up study of
      22 cases.

PMID- 6426884
TI  - Experimental study of acute suppurative bone and joint infection. II. Suppurative
      arthritis.

PMID- 6426885
TI  - Human serum IgE assay by reversed passive hemagglutination test.

PMID- 6426886
TI  - Immunologic function in schistosomiasis japonica patients before and after
      treatment.

PMID- 6426887
TI  - SEM observations of ascaris eggs by freezing cracking technic.

PMID- 6426888
TI  - Enzyme linked immunosorbent antibody detection of immunoglobulin in pregnant
      women.

PMID- 6426889
TI  - Thymic alymphoplasia with myelopoietic hypoplasia. Report of an autopsy case.

PMID- 6426890
TI  - Praziquantel in 237 cases of clonorchiasis sinensis.

PMID- 6426891
TI  - Tibia anterior spine fracture treated by percutaneous poking reduction and
      internal fixation.

PMID- 6426892
TI  - [Antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The susceptibility of 128 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against
      amikacin, kanamycin, gentamycin, minocycline, colistin, chloramphenicol, claforan
      , piperacillin and carbenicillin were tested. Piperacillin, carbenicillin,
      amikacin and claforan are effective against at least 54% of strains tested. The
      susceptibilities of microorganisms to antibiotics were evaluated in different
      points and discussed in details.

PMID- 6426893
TI  - [Immediate postoperative enteral tube feeding following resection of the large
      intestine. Experiences with a controlled clinical study].
AB  - In a prospective randomized study 40 patients after elective colonic surgery were
      investigated to assess the value of early postoperative enteral feeding versus
      parenteral feeding. Twenty patients received from the first postoperative day
      until the sixth postoperative morning a diet consisting of carbohydrates, fat,
      and short-chain peptides via a fine bore feeding tube placed in the proximal
      jejunum. Twenty patients of the control group were treated with standard
      intravenous fluids consisting of carbohydrates and aminoacids via infusion into a
      central vein. The general condition of the enterally fed patients was
      satisfactory, the diet was tolerated well and severe side-effects were not seen.
      The metabolic parameters showed no severe disturbance, a positive nitrogen
      balance was achieved within the second postoperative day. Body composition
      measurements were similar in both groups. The enteral route for the application
      of nutrients is a definite alternative to parenteral nutrition in patients after
      elective colonic surgery.

PMID- 6426894
TI  - [Enteral feeding following resection of the colon].
AB  - 14 male patients with cancer of the colon were enterally fed for 2 days
      preoperatively, on the day of the operation and 5 days postoperatively with a
      high-caloric oligopeptide diet without the additional enteral administration of
      calories. All the anastomoses (5 rectal and 5 sigmoid colon resections as well as
      4 hemicolectomies ) healed without problems; no complications occurred . The
      nutrition was well tolerated without exception and the jejunal tube tolerated
      without discomfort. The short-lived function proteins fell during postoperative
      metabolism. However, the means for total protein, albumin, prealbumin,
      transferrin and the immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA und IgD) were still within the
      lower part of the normal range. Only retinol-binding protein fell to values up to
      30% below normal.

PMID- 6426895
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia in relation to galactorrhea and amenorrhea].

PMID- 6426896
TI  - [Ovarian carcinoma-associated antigen isolated from peritoneal effusions in
      clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 6426897
TI  - [Variation of von Willebrand's disease--analysis of 38 cases].

PMID- 6426898
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 6426899
TI  - [Application of T, L-amino acid solution for intravenous nutrition in burn
      patients].

PMID- 6426900
TI  - [Effect and principles of penetrating keratoplasty in deep herpes simplex
      keratitis].

PMID- 6426901
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies on chronic herpes simplex keratitis].

PMID- 6426902
TI  - [Effect of virazole on herpes simplex keratitis-- experimental and clinical
      studies].

PMID- 6426903
TI  - [Intraocular pressure reduction test using epinephrine].

PMID- 6426904
TI  - [Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage due to retinal periphlebitis].

PMID- 6426905
TI  - [Preliminary studies on immunological changes in vernal conjunctivitis patients].

PMID- 6426906
TI  - [Determination of the normal range of movement of the levator superiois and
      frontalis muscles].

PMID- 6426907
TI  - Fibrocapnography in the control of the respiratory airways passage.
AB  - With the authors' method of a fibrobronchoscopic investigation using a
      translucent catheter in the fibrinoscope Olympus with an operational channel of
      1.9 mm there were determined in 8 patients in the sitting position possibilities
      of estimating the degree of free passage in the respiratory tract. Patients with
      relapsing bronchial inflammations were examined before and after the aspiration
      of bronchial secretions that was restricting the passage in the respiratory tract
      prior to the investigation. The measurement was done with apparatus URAS of the
      firm Jager using recorder Hellige . Investigation after the aspiration of the
      bronchial secretions was supplemented by the inhalation of a highly concentrated
      O2 in two inspirations. In a well ventilated region there took place even
      regionally changes in the amplitude of the shape and slope of the end of the
      expiration curve of the capnographic record. The investigation is non-invasive
      and technically not very demanding. According to the results obtained in our
      conditions of investigation a further verification of the validity of the results
      attained can be recommended; also a modification of the capnographic devices in
      anaesthesiological apparatus is recommended for possible measurements to be done
      regionally at the level of the primary bronchi.

PMID- 6426908
TI  - What supports nutritional support?

PMID- 6426909
TI  - The so-called intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumour of lung (low grade
      sclerosing angiosarcoma): presentation with extrapulmonary deposits.
AB  - Two further cases of the so-called intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumour of
      lung are reported. Electron microscopic demonstration of Weibel-Palade bodies and
      immunocytochemical demonstration of factor VIII in the cytoplasm of the tumour
      cells indicate the vascular nature of these lesions. One patient presented with
      an enlarged liver and the tumour was found to be involving the liver and parietal
      pleura as well as the lung. The characteristic micropolypoid structure was not
      seen in the pleural or hepatic deposits and it is evident that this feature is a
      consequence of the alveolar architecture of the lung and is not an inherent
      property of the tumour.

PMID- 6426910
TI  - [Monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B1 and its potential application].

PMID- 6426911
TI  - [Cisplatin in the treatment of malignant tumors].

PMID- 6426912
TI  - [Modeling in virology].

PMID- 6426913
TI  - [Purification and isolation of benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethyl penicillin by
      ultrafiltration across semipermeable membranes].

PMID- 6426914
TI  - [Evolutionary, conformational and functional interrelations of alpha, beta and
      gamma interferons].

PMID- 6426915
TI  - [Varying RGE for gene and structural mutations of intermediate (Ecp=0.35 MeV)
      neutrons in the irradiation of Drosophila sperm].

PMID- 6426916
TI  - Sialidase and beta-galactosidase activities in serum of alcoholic patients.

PMID- 6426917
TI  - Definition and implications of dose-dependent kinetics in clinical medicine.

PMID- 6426918
TI  - Commitments for the future of pharmacy: a review and opinion of the Pharm.D.
      curricular debate.
AB  - For over 30 years, the content and form of the pharmacy curriculum and the title
      of the degree to be awarded have been subjects of controversy among pharmacy
      educators and practitioners. Scores of articles have been written about a
      universal Pharm .D. degree, all of which present different angles and opinions.
      Those who favor a universal Pharm .D. desire an improved image for the
      profession, greater employment opportunities, preparation for future pharmacy
      roles, the elimination of the multi- tiered structure, and decreasing costs for
      services. Those who oppose the entry-level Pharm .D. degree stress a need for
      multiple levels of education to meet the varying demands of practice, emphasize
      the oversaturation of the job market and increased costs to schools to adopt the
      new curriculum, and protest bestowing a doctoral title for reasons of self
      esteem. The authors of this article consider it timely to present and evaluate
      these arguments, to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the debate,
      and to call for unity within the profession as it considers the future
      educational needs of pharmacy practitioners.

PMID- 6426919
TI  - Clinical pharmacy services in family practice: cost-benefit analysis. II.
      Referrals, appointment compliance, and costs.
AB  - The benefits, decreased referral rate and increased kept-appointment rate, and
      the costs that a family practice clinic could expect to incur by including a
      clinical pharmacist in the clinic are discussed. By using a clinical pharmacist
      as a consulting partner, the physician would have a decreased need to refer
      patients to specialists not affiliated with the medical practice. The benefit to
      the practice is the revenue from office and hospital visits that would not have
      been received had these patients been referred elsewhere. Involvement of a
      clinical pharmacist in providing drug therapy management for patients with
      selected chronic diseases results in an increase in office appointment compliance
      rates. The benefit to the practice is the revenue generated by the increased
      number of office visits per year. Costs that would be incurred by the practice
      include: physician time spent due to the increased number of office visits
      generated by the decreased referral rate and increased appointment compliance;
      increased operating expenses, including the clinical pharmacist's salary and
      fringe benefits; and the developmental expense of establishing a reference
      library for the clinical pharmacist.

PMID- 6426920
TI  - [Cricopharyngeal achalasia in stroke patients].
AB  - A 68-year-old man developed severe swallowing difficulties after a
      cerebrovascular accident: he was unable to take food. Nutrition was assured via a
      gastrostomy ( Witzel fistula). Nonetheless there was steady weight loss. A
      cricopharyngeal achalasia was finally discovered to be the cause of the
      swallowing problem. Myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle completely abolished
      it.

PMID- 6426921
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa. A catamnestic analysis].
AB  - Over a period of 10 years 25 patients, 24 of them females, with anorexia nervosa
      were observed. The disease is characterized by marked loss of weight,
      amenorrhoea, low blood pressure and early-onset behavioural disorders towards
      members of the family and friends. Anaemia, peripheral oedema and pronounced
      muscular weakness due to electrolyte imbalance may be observed in advanced cases.
      The disease commences in puberty by more or less obvious loss of weight following
      reduced food intake, rarely it is caused by vomiting and laxative abuse. Patients
      tend to deny connections between reduced food intake and loss of weight. There is
      no standardized treatment. Therapy should be initiated by the psychiatrist. In
      severe cases parenteral nutrition and intensive care may be required. This is
      particularly true in complicated cases such as occurrence of infection, serious
      electrolyte disorders or coagulation defects. The earlier a diagnosis is made the
      better the prognosis. Manifest disease of more than 5 years' duration decreases
      the chances for cure considerably.

PMID- 6426922
TI  - Current status of disease-modifying drugs in progressive rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6426924
TI  - [Pseudothrombocytopenia].

PMID- 6426925
TI  - [The history of the German EEG Society].

PMID- 6426923
TI  - Auranofin. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic
      use in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Auranofin is the first orally active gold compound for the treatment of
      rheumatoid arthritis. Like other chrysotherapeutic agents, its exact mechanism of
      action is unknown, but it probably acts via immunological mechanisms and
      alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Although long term clinical experience
      with auranofin is limited, its efficacy appears to approach that of sodium
      aurothiomalate. Further comparative studies with aurothioglucose,
      hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine are required before definitive statements
      can be made regarding the relative efficacy of auranofin and these agents. While
      patients have demonstrated clinical remission of rheumatoid arthritis in response
      to auranofin therapy, radiological studies have been inconclusive regarding its
      effect on the occurrence or progression of erosive lesions. Auranofin is
      relatively well tolerated in most patients, but diarrhoea, skin rash, and
      pruritus are sometimes troublesome, and thrombocytopenia and proteinuria are
      potentially serious side effects which may occur during therapy. Whereas
      mucocutaneous side effects are more frequent with injectable gold compounds,
      gastrointestinal reactions are the most common adverse effect seen with
      auranofin. The frequency of side effects has been similar with auranofin and
      sodium aurothiomalate, but they are generally less severe with auranofin. While
      some of the side effects are controlled by a reduction in dosage, temporary or
      permanent withdrawal of auranofin may be necessary. Auranofin is clearly a useful
      addition to the limited list of agents with disease-modifying potential presently
      available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It will doubtless generate
      much interest as its final place in therapy becomes better defined through
      additional well-designed studies and wider clinical experience.

PMID- 6426926
TI  - [Indication for mobile 8-channel long-term EEG].
AB  - The diagnostic value of MLE, as theoretically expected, will be discussed first.
      Besides the estimation of background activity, a main topic is to proof and
      quantify the occurrence of paroxysmal, epilepsy characteristic EEG patterns,
      accompanied eventually by a 24 h sleep rating. First clinical experiences with 8
      channel cassette recorders show - compared to 4-channel monitoring - the improved
      valuation of focal EEG signs, of their localization and their propagation
      characteristics during the phase of generalization. Thus, even for complex ictal
      patterns, the time course of occurrence as well as of duration and propagation
      can be registered. The facility that a quartz-locked clock is displayed for the
      patient on the recorder housing and its digital code is simultaneously stored on
      tape, essentially improves the possibility of selective analysis of epochs with
      infrequently occurring seizure events. It allows to correlate manifest and masked
      symptoms with ictal EEG changes. For some patients who have been strongly
      suspected but not finally proven to suffer from epileptic (or a combination of
      epileptic and nonepileptic) fits the anamnestic data and routine EEG findings may
      be significantly supplemented by means of 8-channel long-term recordings. Apart
      from searching for paroxysmal EEG-changes as a diagnostic screening, the new
      technique renders possible extensive mobile polygraphic monitoring (e.g. for 24-h
      hypnograms ). The utilisation of 8-channel mobile long term recordings is shown
      in 5 cases of patients with epileptic seizures.

PMID- 6426927
TI  - [Electrophysiologic monitoring at the start of anticonvulsive therapy with
      phenytoin].
AB  - The effect of phenytoin on the peripheral nerve function and the EEG frequency
      spectrum is described by means of prospective neurometric tests. Three patients
      showed changes in peripheral nerve function, four patients in the EEG frequency
      spectrum.

PMID- 6426928
TI  - [Registration of visual evoked neuromagnetic fields following partial field
      stimulation of the fovea].
AB  - Visual evoked neuromagnetic fields were recorded after stimulation of the right
      and left foveal half-field and of the right lower and upper quadrant. A
      contralateral topography of the dominant complex of the visual evoked field was
      measured on the skull after right and left half-field stimulation. After
      switching from the right half-field stimulation to the stimulation of the right
      quadrants we observed large individual differences in our subject group. A
      possible morphological explanation is that the more elementary stimulation in the
      quadrants is connected with a greater number of dipole orientations as compared
      with the less elementary stimulation in the half-fields.

PMID- 6426929
TI  - [Fetal magnetoencephalography I: 1st prenatal registration of auditory evoked
      neuromagnetic fields].
AB  - Using a SQUID gradiometer of the second order, we succeeded in recording a
      prenatal auditory evoked neuromagnetic field in the 35th week of pregnancy. After
      sonographic localization of a suitable recording site on the fetal skull, the
      neuromagnetic field was recorded above the mother's abdomen. It will be necessary
      to develop special gradiometer configurations for further prenatal registrations
      of the stimulus-related and spontaneous fetal brain activity.

PMID- 6426930
TI  - [Temporal dynamics of spectral EEG parameters during nocturnal sleep in healthy
      adults].
AB  - We recorded all-night sleep EEG's of six healthy male volunteers (age 23 to 29
      years) from F3, F4, P3, P4, 01, 02, T3, T4 to Cz as reference electrode. Power
      and coherence spectra were calculated for ten frequency bands from 0-30 cps. We
      examined their changes through the different cycles of all sleep stages. In
      general there was a decrease in power as well as in coherence from the 1st to the
      4th cycle of the different sleep stages with some variations depending on
      frequency and derivation. The highest power was most often in the 1st cycle in
      stages REM, 2, 3 and 4, whereas in stage 1 it was most often in the 2nd cycle.
      The trends in power from the 1st to the 4th cycle were similar for stages REM and
      2 with a power decrease from the 1st to the 2nd cycle. In stage 1 there was most
      often a power increase between these two cycles. Coherence maxima were for stages
      REM, 1, 2 and 3 most often in the 1st cycle, for stage 4 most often in the 2nd
      cycle. The coherence trends were similar for stages 1 and 2 with a decrease most
      often from the 1st to the 2nd cycle. In stage REM the decline was more constantly
      found from the 2nd to the 3rd cycle. The power trends were more consistent than
      the coherence trends. We found more often similar power changes from the 1st to
      the 4th cycle of a specific sleep stage than similar coherence changes.

PMID- 6426931
TI  - [Studies on the effect of Harmonicum Much on sleep using polygraphic EEG
      recordings].
AB  - The effects of 60 and 120 mg valerian (1 resp. 2 capsules Harmonicum Much) have
      been investigated by computer analysis of sleep stages (sleep profiles) and
      psychometric methods ( questionnaires ). EOG, EMG of cervical muscles, ECG and
      EEG (two-sided: centro-occipital and fronto-central - have been recorded from 6
      male and 5 (3) female healthy volunteers. Amplified signals have been analysed on
      line (power spectral analysis) and the sleep profiles have been calculated
      accordingly. After one night for adaptation, each subject took orally placebo, 60
      and 120 mg valerian (1 resp. 2 capsules Harmonicum Much) according to a
      randomized double-blind repeated measures-design. The sleep investigations have
      been carried out by distance of a week for each condition (dosage per subject).
      In the morning following this night, the subjects completed a mood scale. Both
      dosages showed a decrease of sleep stage 4 and a slight reduction of REM-sleep.
      Contrary, a slight increase of sleep stage awake, 1 and 2 could be observed. A
      further increase of sleep stage 3 could be identified. After application of 120
      mg valerian , the frequency of REM-phases (in %) declined during the first half
      of the night, whereas during the second part of the night, a surplus appeared.
      Changes or the Beta-intensity of the EEG during REM-sleep show a stronger
      hypnotic effect for the 120 mg dosage than for 60 mg. Maximum effect was observed
      between 2 and 3 hours post medicationem . Results of the mood scale are
      indifferent between the experimental conditions, which indicate no negative (side
      ) effects neither by drug nor by testing methods.

PMID- 6426932
TI  - [Areas of low-threshold motor units in the m. extensor digitorum communis--study
      using concentric needle electrodes].
AB  - By a slight voluntary contraction, recording sites were chosen where the
      electrode picked up activity of only one motor unit. Then the needle was moved in
      minute steps (as controlled by a slide-gauge) through the area of the motor unit
      under investigation. Hereby the recorded motor unit potential underwent
      characteristic changes (Fig. 1). The amplitude was maximal within the centre of
      the motor unit and decreased sharply within 1 to 2 mm (Fig. 2, 3). Single spike
      components, when discernible within the motor unit potential complex, could be
      traced for about 1 mm. With regards to the amplitude profile curves of the whole
      motor unit potential, it is discussed whether a population of fairly small low
      threshold motor units exists in the EDC containing as few as 20-50 muscle fibres
      scattered over an area with a diameter of 1-2 mm.

PMID- 6426933
TI  - [The EEG of the human hippocampus--summary and discussion of results published
      till now on patients with primary neurologic diseases].
AB  - Hippocampal theta-activity in several animals (rodents, cat, dog) is often
      described and well established. But there is an exception in primate animals: the
      so-called "rhythmic slow activity" seen so often in infraprimates is here
      essentially lacking. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether or
      not there are EEG patterns which are characteristic and specific for the human
      hippocampal formation under pathophysiological conditions. This question is
      particularly interesting in view of the hypothesis that the emotional theta-waves
      in man described by several authors may originate in the hippocampus or other
      limbic structures. Out of the overwhelming literature about deep
      electroencephalography in man, some representative papers dealing with the EEG of
      the hippocampal formation in patients with neurological disorders were compiled.
      The different results may be summarized as follows: 1. there was a predominance
      of slow irregular theta or delta-activity, mostly superimposed by fast
      frequencies, 2. spontaneous rhythmic slow activity in the strict sense was
      essentially lacking, 3. even under conditions eliciting rhythmic slow activity in
      animals, rhythmic theta activity was not found in patients. Problems of
      comparability to results found in animals and possible reasons for the
      differences to infraprimates are discussed: --limitation of the study of the
      human brain by ethical considerations and therefore exploration only of (mostly
      epileptic) patients with potentially pathologic hippocampal EEG activity not
      comparable to normal animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426934
TI  - Growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor does not regulate GH release or GH mRNA
      levels in GH3 cells.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that GH-releasing factor (GRF) regulates both GH
      production and GH mRNA levels in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells.
      Investigations were carried out to ascertain the ability of GRF to regulate GH
      production or mRNA levels in a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor (GH3) cells.
      Incubation of the cells with GRF at 1-1000 nM for 4 h to 10 days did not result
      in a stimulation of GH or PRL production, nor did it affect the cytoplasmic
      levels of the corresponding mRNAs. The lack of response to GRF was not affected
      by dexamethasone, T3, or serum. We conclude that GH3 cells do not provide a
      useful model system for studies of the mechanism(s) of action of GRF on either GH
      release or GH gene expression.

PMID- 6426935
TI  - Effects of timed melatonin infusions on reproductive development in the
      Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).
AB  - In confirmation of earlier work, daily melatonin infusions of 9- or 12-h duration
      inhibited testicular development in pinealectomized juvenile Djungarian hamsters,
      while daily infusions of 6-h duration did not prevent gonadal growth. Two other
      methoxyindoles (5-methoxytryptophol and 5-methoxytryptamine) had less than 4% of
      the activity shown by melatonin. When pinealectomized hamsters received two short
      duration (i.e. 3, 5, or 6 h) melatonin infusions each day, gonadal development
      was not inhibited if the two daily infusions were separated by a period of 2 or 3
      h without melatonin treatment. Thus, the effects of separate pulses of melatonin
      were not additive in this paradigm. When single, short duration daily infusions
      of melatonin (5-h) or isoproterenol (6-h) were administered to pineal-intact
      hamsters, gonadal inhibition occurred only when the infusions were given at times
      that would lead to an expected overlap with and extension of the endogenous
      nocturnal melatonin peak. Significant inhibition of testicular growth could be
      obtained with as few as 2-4 days of melatonin treatment. These observations
      further support the importance of melatonin peak duration and also indicate other
      interesting temporal aspects of melatonin action in the Djungarian hamster.

PMID- 6426936
TI  - The ovine pars tuberalis: a naturally occurring source of partially purified
      gonadotropes which secrete luteinizing hormone in vitro.
AB  - The pars tuberalis and pars distalis are constant subdivisions of the vertebrate
      adenohypophysis. Unlike the pars distalis, however, direct evidence of an
      endocrine function for the pars tuberalis is lacking. The present
      immunocytochemical study shows the ovine pars tuberalis to be unique in that 1)
      its only immunoreactive hormone-containing cell type is the gonadotrope; and 2)
      the vast majority of pars tuberalis cells contain no identifiable pituitary
      hormones. In vitro superfusion studies demonstrate that the ovine pars tuberalis
      is capable of baseline and GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion which, on a per
      mg basis, is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the secretory capacity
      of the pars distalis.

PMID- 6426937
TI  - Fetal rat somatotropes in vitro: effects of insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone
      releasing factor on their differentiation: a light and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Somatotropes first appear in the fetal rat pituitary just before term. These
      cells have never been detected in cultured fetal pituitaries. A modified culture
      medium has, however, enabled their differentiation in vitro. Hypophysial
      primordia were explanted on days 13-18 of gestation and cultured in different
      media until the equivalent of term. Immunoreactive somatotropes could be
      detected, by light and electron microscopy, in cultured primordia explanted on
      day 14 of gestation or later. The size and numbers of immunoreactive cells
      depended on culture medium composition. The control medium, containing insulin,
      cortisol, T3, and glucagon, proved favorable to somatotrope differentiation and
      proliferation. Increased insulin concentration reduced somatotrope numbers. In
      the presence of only insulin and cortisol (or corticosterone) somatotropes were
      more numerous than in the control. Culture medium enriched with insulin alone,
      with insulin and T3, or with insulin and glucagon, was not suitable for
      development of this cell type. Addition of GH-releasing factor ( GHRF ) to the
      medium during the first culture day did not accelerate the first appearance of
      the somatotropes but did significantly increase their size. GHRF addition 1/2 h
      before the end of culture did not modify their morphology. The ultrastructure of
      somatotropes in vitro is very similar to that observed in vivo on day 21 of
      gestation. The cells were characterized by their lamellar endoplasmic reticulum
      and immunoreactive secretory granules (300-400 nm maximal section diameter).
      Fetal somatotropes can, therefore, be successfully caused to differentiate in
      vitro. Their appearance depends on insulin and glucocorticoid concentration. T3
      and/or glucagon may be inhibitory. GHRF may increase storage in somatotropes.
      These factors may also regulate the development of somatotropes in vivo.

PMID- 6426938
TI  - Autoregulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the hamster: evidence
      for control at the level of the anterior pituitary gland.
AB  - Pituitary tissue obtained from proestrous, phenobarbital-treated hamsters was
      placed in organ culture, and the release rates of FSH and LH were monitored.
      Addition of LHRH to the culture medium increased gonadotropin release rates.
      Preincubation of pituitaries in medium that contained 1 microgram purified FSH (
      NIADDK rat FSH-I-5) resulted in enhanced basal and LHRH-induced FSH release
      rates. Full expression of FSH hypersecretion by pituitary tissue occurred after 3
      h exposure to purified FSH. This phenomenon appears to require adequate tissue
      calcium concentrations. Further, exposure of pituitaries to purified FSH slightly
      but significantly enhanced basal but not LHRH-stimulated LH release compared with
      that in untreated controls. Experiments that employed labeled FSH, reduced
      exposure time to purified FSH, or decreased calcium concentration in the medium
      proved that the increased FSH secretory rate was not due to contamination of the
      medium with the purified FSH used to stimulate the pituitary. These studies
      suggest that FSH has the ability to influence its own secretion by an action at
      the level of the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 6426939
TI  - Rapid and easy separation of the subunits of bovine and human glycoprotein
      hormones by use of high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A single method of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography is used
      to separate the subunits of human and bovine glycoprotein hormones. This rapid
      and easy method is applicable for the separation and detection of subunits from
      as little as 10 micrograms hormone or the isolation of subunits from as much as
      100 mg hormone. Separation is achieved by chromatography on a Vydac 218TP1010
      column with a linear (60-min) gradient of 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, plus 1
      mM sodium azide to a solvent containing 50% acetonitrile and 50% 0.1 M sodium
      phosphate, pH 6.8, plus 1 mM sodium azide. Although in some cases the interaction
      between the hydrophobic support and the hormone is sufficient for dissociation,
      preincubation of the hormone with guanidine hydrochloride ensures optimum
      dissociation and improves resolution of the subunits. The subunits isolated by
      high performance liquid chromatography are functional in that they will
      reassociate with their counterpart subunits.

PMID- 6426940
TI  - Role of estradiol as a biological amplifier of gonadotropin action in the ovary:
      in vitro studies using swine granulosa cells and homologous lipoproteins.
AB  - Swine granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions in vitro exhibit
      significant responsivity to the stimulatory actions of estradiol (E2) and FSH or
      LH. Under these conditions, granulosa cells harvested from either immature or
      mature Graafian follicles synthesized significantly increased quantities of
      progesterone in response to homologous low density lipoprotein (LDL) and, to a
      lesser degree, homologous high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The effects
      of LDL and HDL were dose dependent and saturable. The stimulatory influence of
      E2, FSH, or LH alone was significantly enhanced in the presence of pig LDL or
      HDL. Moreover, the synergism between E2 and FSH or between E2 and LH was
      significantly augmented by porcine LDL and, to a lesser degree, porcine HDL. To
      assess the physiological relevance of these observations, the lipoprotein
      contents of swine blood and follicular fluid were determined by heparin-manganese
      precipitation and after differential ultracentrifugation. The majority (greater
      than 70%) of cholesterol in pig blood resided in the LDL fraction, but follicular
      fluid was essentially devoid of LDL. On the other hand, follicular fluid
      contained large quantities of a presumptive HDL species with a density between
      1.063-1.210. The HDL particle in follicular fluid was further characterized by
      agarose gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses, which
      demonstrated an alpha-migrating species whose major apoprotein exhibited an
      apparent mol wt of 28,000 and comigrated with human apoprotein A-1. Analytical
      ultracentrifugation of the pig follicular fluid HDL revealed a sedimentation
      coefficient (S20,w) of 4.93, similar to that of serum HDL (S20,w = 5.0). The
      physiological relevance of the HDL particle purified from follicular fluid was
      further demonstrated by its ability to significantly increase progesterone
      production by granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions in vitro. In
      summary, we have demonstrated striking responsivity of cultured pig granulosa
      cells to exogenously supplied LDL and, to a lesser degree, HDL, with further
      stimulation when cells are treated with estrogen and/or LH and FSH. Although LDL
      is the predominant lipoprotein in swine blood, it is essentially undetectable in
      the antral fluid of the intact Graafian follicle. Thus, the unambiguous in vitro
      responsiveness of granulosa cells to LDL that we observe suggests that the marked
      increase in availability of blood-borne LDL to granulosa-luteal cells that
      presumptively occurs at ovulation would contribute significantly to augmented
      rates of progesterone biosynthesis by luteal tissues in the pig.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426941
TI  - Follicular development and a single ovulation induced with pulsatile
      administration of Gn-RH in anovulatory women: studies of hormonal analysis and
      follicular sonometry.
AB  - The method of pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH)
      has been proven as a useful means for induction of ovulation in anovulatory
      women. In our series of clinical trials, 23 out of 29 anovulatory patients
      ovulated with pulsatile administration of Gn-RH. Seven patients who ovulated
      volunteered for the present study with daily hormonal analysis and follicular
      sonometory . Two patients have oligomenorrhea, 3 patients secondary amenorrhea
      1st grade (the sole administration of gestagen required for withdrawal bleeding)
      and the remaining 2 patients secondary amenorrhea-2nd grade (the combined
      administration of estrogen and gestagen required for withdrawal bleeding). A
      diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia was made for one patient with secondary
      amenorrhea-1st grade. Pulsatile administration of Gn-RH was performed by the use
      of a self-administered infuser . The infuser was connected to an i.v. indwelling
      catheter via a specially designed blood backflow eliminater . Five micrograms or
      less of Gn-RH was given every 2 hr from 07:00 to 23:00 hr daily. Five patients
      received HCG during the preovulatory period. In one patient, a short term
      treatment of HMG was added to Gn-RH treatment. Follicular sonometry revealed the
      development of a single dominant follicle which reached between 20 and 28 mm
      (23.7 +/- 0.12 mm, mean +/- S.E.) in diameter at the preovulatory period.
      Disappearance of a dominant follicle was recognized in the early luteal phase.
      Characteristic increases in estradiol were recognized concomitantly with the
      development of a dominant follicle. Progesterone levels after ovulation were
      within the limits of its normal "luteal phase" rise. The present data suggest
      that pulsatile administration of low dose Gn-RH with nocturnal interruption of
      treatment is effective for normal progress of follicular development in various
      types of anovulatory patients, culminating in single ovulation. This paper
      includes the discussion on our method which may be responsible for a high success
      rate of ovulation induction.

PMID- 6426942
TI  - Sex difference in the paradoxical response of serum GH to thyrotrophin releasing
      hormone in cancer patients.
AB  - It was demonstrated that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) elicited a
      paradoxical increase in basal GH levels in cancer patients. Out of 94 cancer
      patients, 50 were found to be GH responders and this phenomenon was more
      frequently recognized in female than in male cancer patients. In cancer patients
      under 59 years of age, the GH response to TRH was significantly greater in
      females than in males, although there was no sex difference in the GH response in
      patients above 60 years of age. In female cancer patients, the GH response to TRH
      was significantly greater in patients under 59 years of age than in patients
      above 60 years of age, while there was no age difference in the GH response in
      male cancer patients. It was concluded that paradoxical responses of serum GH to
      TRH were recognized in 53 per cent of cancer patients and were more frequently
      observed in female than in male cancer patients.

PMID- 6426943
TI  - A model of chronic spontaneous petit mal-like seizures in the rat: comparison
      with pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.
AB  - Of 100 randomly chosen, adult male Wistar rats in the breeding colony at the
      Centre de Neurochimie , Strasbourg, 31 presented spontaneous, nonconvulsive
      epileptic seizures: wave-and-spike discharges, 7-11 cycles/s, 200-600 microV,
      accompanied by behavioral arrest and myoclony of the vibrissae and of the facial
      and cervical muscles. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) 10 and 20 mg/kg increased the
      duration and number of seizures by 100-150% in these spontaneously epileptic
      animals, and caused identical seizures in apparently normal rats. Sodium
      valproate, diazepam, trimethadione, and ethosuximide suppressed the spontaneous
      seizures and protected against PTZ-induced seizures in a dose-dependent fashion.
      Carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin were inefficacious or aggravative in the two
      cases. The clinical, EEG, and pharmacological observations suggest that the
      Wistar rats displaying spontaneous seizures constitute a valid physiological and
      pharmacological model of petit mal absences, presenting advantages compared to
      the usual models in which seizures are induced by injected epileptogenic drugs.

PMID- 6426944
TI  - Carbamazepine/valproic acid interaction in man and rhesus monkey.
AB  - Sodium valproate (VPA) was administered for 1 week (1 g b.i.d.) to seven
      epileptic patients receiving chronic carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy. Steady-state
      CBZ levels determined before and after VPA therapy were reduced by 3-59% in six
      patients and were unchanged in one patient. The plasma concentration ratio of
      carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide ( CBZE ) to CBZ increased in all patients by 11-500%.
      The plasma binding of CBZ was determined in six healthy volunteers given a single
      400 mg CBZ dose with and without the coadministration of 1 g VPA in a cross-over
      design. The mean CBZ free-fraction was increased in three of the subjects (p =
      0.008-0.031), decreased in one subject (p less than 0.002), and remained
      unchanged in two subjects when VPA was administered. Four male rhesus monkeys
      were infused intravenously with CBZ (15 mg h-1) for 5 days and then three
      consecutive 24-h infusions were given: I, CBZ alone; II, CBZ with 75 mg h-1 VPA;
      III, CBZ with 150 mg h-1 VPA. The mean free-fraction of CBZ and CBZE increased
      during infusions II and III from 31.5 +/- 2.7% to 33.6 +/- 2.6% (p less than
      0.05) and 37.7 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.01) for CBZ and from 46.9 +/- 9.2% to 53.6
      +/- 5.7% (p greater than 0.05) and 60.1 +/- 4.0% (p less than 0.01) for CBZE .
      The clearance of free CBZ declined from 7.96 +/- 1.75 to 4.84 +/- 1.26 (p less
      than 0.01) and 4.12 +/- 1.75 (p less than 0.01) 1 kg-1h-1 during infusions II and
      III, respectively. The mean free CBZE /CBZ ratio increased from 0.12 +/- 0.03 to
      0.24 +/- 0.03 and 0.36 +/- 0.04 during infusions II and III, respectively (p less
      than 0.001). These findings indicate a decrease in the elimination clearance of
      CBZE possibly coupled with a decrease in its formation clearance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426945
TI  - Phospholipid and glyceride biosynthesis in 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
      treated human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - 2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) was taken up by cultured human skin
      fibroblasts ( A61437 ; GM488 ). HCB caused enhanced incorporation of [2
      14C]acetate into phospholipids and glycerides at low concentration and reduced
      incorporation at high concentrations. sn-[U-14C]Glycerol-3-phosphate
      incorporation into phospholipids was inhibited. No significant change in total
      cellular phospholipids was observed. Triglyceride cellular content was increased
      29%. The observed stimulation and inhibition of phosphoglyceride synthesis are
      similar to results obtained with rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 6426946
TI  - Mechanism of lipid peroxide formation in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and
      dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-poisoned rats.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of lipid peroxide formation in polychlorinated biphenyls
      (PCB)-poisoned rats, the following two experiments were carried out. Experiment
      No. 1: Rats were separated into three groups. Group 1 was fed a normal diet,
      group 2 was fed a PCB-supplemented diet, and group 3 was fed a
      dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-supplemented diet. After 5 months, the rats
      were killed. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values in livers of the PCB- and DDT
      exposed rats had increased. The activity of catalase was increased in the PCB-fed
      rats but decreased after the administered of DDT. The glutathione peroxidase
      activity was decreased only in the PCB-administered rats. These results indicate
      that PCB and DDT have some effects to enhance lipid oxidation. It is probable
      that the decrease in glutathione peroxidase is the major reason for the increase
      of lipid oxidation in PCB-poisoned rats. The mechanism of lipid peroxidate
      production in DDT-poisoned rats could be different from the case of PCB
      poisoning. Experiment No. 2: Rats were separated into two groups. To one group,
      normal diet was given and to the other group PCB-supplemented diet was given.
      After 1 month, the rats were killed. In PCB-exposed rats, activities of
      glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were increased. The increase
      in glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were increased. The
      increase in glutathione reductase could be a compensation for a decrease in
      glutathione peroxidase. It is probable that PCB is metabolized to make
      glutathione conjugates by the action of glutathione S-transferase.

PMID- 6426947
TI  - Organochlorine compounds in human breast fat from deceased with and without
      breast cancer and in a biopsy material from newly diagnosed patients undergoing
      breast surgery.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have related the incidence of mammary cancer to the
      dietary intake of fat and/or meat. Since organochlorine compounds (e.g.,
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and DDT (and its metabolite DDE] are accumulated
      in the adipose tissue it was tempting to suggest a relationship between levels of
      PCB and "DDT" (i.e., DDT + DDE) in breast fat tissue and the occurrence of
      mammary cancer. To elucidate this theory, the organochlorine levels of 14 breast
      fat tissue samples from breast cancer patients and similar samples from 18
      deceased mammary cancer patients were compared to that of 21 similar samples from
      noncancer patients and finally to adipose tissue samples from 35 non-cancer
      autopsy specimens. No significant differences were traced. Thus it seems that the
      accumulation of PCB and DDT measured in breast fat tissue do not relate to the
      occurrence of mammary cancer.

PMID- 6426948
TI  - Lysosomal beta-glucosidase of rat liver.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to characterize the beta-glucosidase activity in freshly
      homogenized liver from Sprague-Dawley rats. About 95% of the total beta
      glucosidase activity was associated with the particulate fraction, whereas only
      about 3-7% was found in the cytosol. Storage of fresh liver at room temperature
      for several hours or repeated freezing and thawing of fresh rat liver prior to
      homogenization, solubilized 20-30% of the total hepatic beta-glucosidase
      activity. An additional 30% could be solubilized by extracting the particulate
      sediments with water or Triton X-100. The enzymatic activity in both the
      particulate and solubilized fractions optimally hydrolyzed 4-methylumbelliferyl
      beta-D-glucoside as well as the glycolipid substrate, glucosylceramide, at an
      acidic pH. The rates of hydrolysis of either substrate by all subcellular
      fractions were stimulated by addition of sodium taurocholate or
      phosphatidylserine. The particulate, cytosolic and solubilized enzymes bound to
      concanavalin A, were inhibited by conduritol B epoxide and migrated more
      electronegatively on cellulose acetate than the cytosolic acid beta-glucosidase
      from human liver or spleen. These data indicated that the liver of Sprague-Dawley
      rats contained primarily the lysosomal acid beta-glucosidase
      ('glucocerebrosidase') and little, if any, 'nonspecific' beta-glucosidase. This,
      and the fact that about 60% of the rat hepatic beta-glucosidase could be
      solubilized by autolysis, freezing and rethawing or extraction with water,
      contrasts with the beta-glucosidases in human liver since about 80% of the total
      beta-glucosidase activity is cytosolic and does not hydrolyze
      glucosylceramide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426949
TI  - Studies on porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase from chick embryo liver.
AB  - The purpose of the present work was to find the optimal conditions for the assay
      of chick embryo liver porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase. The enzyme activity was
      studied as a function of protein and substrate concentrations, time, pH value and
      incubation temperature. The effects of reduced glutathione (GSH),
      ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA), oxygen and several chemical compounds such
      as pyridoxal phosphate, sodium and potassium halogenated salts, sulph - hydryl
      reagents, chelating agents and ferrous iron were also investigated. The following
      results were found: (1) The optimal protein concentration was 1.25-2.5 mg/ml. For
      the substrate uroporphyrinogen III, the best concentration was 2 mumol/l; a
      slight inhibition was found at higher substrate concentrations. (2) The optimal
      pH value was 6.8 for both stages of uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylation (
      octacarboxylic first stage----heptacarboxylic second stage---- tetracarboxylic
      porphyrinogen). (3) The activity increased with the incubation temperature (25-60
      degrees C). (4) The enzyme activity was not enhanced by the addition of GSH or
      other sulph - hydryl reagents (cysteine and dithiothreitol), nor by the
      incorporation of EDTA or other chelating agents (Na-diethyldithiocarbamate,
      alpha,alpha'-bipyridyl and Na-pyrophosphate). (5) Oxygen diminished the second
      stage of decarboxylation. (6) Pyridoxal phosphate seems not to be a cofactor
      necessary in the decarboxylation. (7) NaCl or KCl diminished the activity in
      higher degree than did NaF or KF; the second stage was, in all cases, more
      affected than the first. (8) FeSO4 slightly diminished the second stage of
      uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylation at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.15 mmol/l,
      but both stages were significantly decreased at 0.3 mmol/l.

PMID- 6426950
TI  - Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the early diagnosis of
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
AB  - IgM and IgG antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae were measured in 147 sera from
      four groups of patients by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) and the results compared with those obtained by other methods. A good
      correlation was demonstrated between the complement fixation test and ELISA-IgM
      and to a lesser extent ELISA-IgG; for the metabolic inhibition test the reverse
      was the case. The indirect haemagglutination test appeared to detect mainly IgM
      antibodies. Low levels of IgM antibodies were detected by ELISA in 60 sera of
      children not suffering from pneumonia. However, if only high titres (greater than
      800) were regarded as indicative of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, a
      presumptive diagnosis could have been made in 42 of 73 single acute phase sera
      from patients. Comparable results were obtained with IHA. The diagnostic level of
      IgM antibodies. was reached during the second week of the disease. It is
      concluded that examination of a single serum sample by either ELISA-IgM or IHA
      may assist in early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 6426951
TI  - Enzymatic profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6426952
TI  - Paradoxial effect of slime produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the bactericidal
      activity of chlorhexidine.

PMID- 6426953
TI  - Regulation of ribosome synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis. 1. Coordination of
      synthesis of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA during nutritional shift-down.
AB  - When exponentially growing cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis are transferred to a
      non-nutrient medium the loss of whole cell RNA, 90% of which is ribosomal RNA,
      exhibits biphasic kinetics, whereas whole cell protein is lost at a constant
      rate. The ratio RNA/protein declines during the first 5 h of starvation and then
      remains constant during the subsequent period of starvation. The synthesis of the
      majority of the ribosomal proteins is coordinately regulated during a nutritional
      shift-down. Exponentially growing cells devote 17% of their capacity for protein
      synthesis to the production of ribosomal proteins. Upon starvation this
      proportion is rapidly reduced 3.5-fold. In long-time-starved cells the absolute
      rate of ribosomal protein synthesis is only about 4.5% of that of exponentially
      growing cells. The synthesis of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins appears
      tightly coupled during the transition from growth to starvation. In long-time
      starved cells the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins are
      stoichiometrically balanced with no significant degradation of de novo
      synthesized ribosomal proteins.

PMID- 6426954
TI  - Regulation of ribosome synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis. 2. Coordination of
      synthesis of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA during nutritional shift-up.
AB  - The addition of nutrients to long-time-starved cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis
      leads to a 50-60-fold increase in the rate of synthesis of ribosomal proteins (r
      proteins). This is achieved by a 6-fold increase in the relative rate of r
      protein synthesis and a 8-10-fold increase in the rate of total protein
      synthesis. Synthesis of r-proteins constitutes one third of total cellular
      protein synthesis 2-4 h after refeeding and the absolute rate of r-protein
      synthesis is approximately three-times greater than in exponentially growing
      cells. The synthesis of the individual r-proteins is coordinately regulated
      during a nutritional shift-up, and de novo synthesized r-proteins are stable.
      Addition of actinomycin D prevents the increase in the rate of r-protein
      synthesis. The rates of synthesis of rRNA and r-protein increase in concert,
      implying coordinate regulation. Furthermore, a comparison of the observed
      accumulation of r-proteins with the predicted accumulation based on the
      accumulation of rRNA suggests that rRNA and r-protein are synthesized in a
      stoichiometrically balanced way during the entire refeeding period.

PMID- 6426955
TI  - Regulation of ribosome synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis. 3. Analysis by
      translation in vitro of RNA isolated during nutritional shift-down and
      nutritional shift-up.
AB  - We have measured the levels of translatable total mRNA and ribosomal protein (r
      protein) mRNAs in Tetrahymena pyriformis during nutritional shifts. After 15 min
      of starvation total mRNA is reduced 2-fold, and after 24 h 7.5-fold, relative to
      exponentially growing cells. Upon refeeding total mRNA increases rapidly reaching
      the level of exponentially growing cells after 2.5 h. The levels of the
      individual r-protein mRNAs are coordinately regulated throughout a starvation
      refeeding cycle. The relative levels of r-protein mRNAs remain virtually
      unchanged during the first hour of starvation and then decrease gradually to 30%
      of the relative levels in exponentially growing cells. Following refeeding the
      relative levels of r-protein mRNAs increase 6-fold. Taking into account the
      changes in whole cell RNA, we have calculated that long-time-starved Tetrahymena
      cells contain only 4%, whereas cells after 3 h of refeeding contain 200% of the
      amount of r-protein mRNA in exponentially growing cells. The amount of r-protein
      mRNA thus increases 50-fold during the first 3 h of refeeding. A comparison
      between the relative levels of r-protein mRNAs and the relative rate of r-protein
      synthesis in vivo indicates that Tetrahymena employs a combination of control of
      translation and control of the level of r-protein mRNAs to ensure a rapid
      reduction in the rate of r-protein synthesis during the early period of
      starvation. In this period translation of r-protein mRNAs is preferentially
      inhibited. During refeeding the increase in the rate of r-protein synthesis
      parallels the increase in the abundance of r-protein mRNAs.

PMID- 6426956
TI  - Cloning and structure analysis of the rat apolipoprotein A-I cDNA.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein in mammalian high-density lipoprotein, acts
      as a cofactor for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase during the formation of
      cholesterol ester and as such, is thought to promote cholesterol efflux from
      peripheral cells to the liver. In this paper, we report the partial purification
      of rat liver apolipoprotein A-I mRNA by a polysome immunoadsorption technique,
      and its cDNA cloning. Isolation of two overlapping cDNA clones enabled us to
      derive the whole rat apolipoprotein A-I cDNA coding sequence. Comparison of the
      deduced protein sequence with its human counterpart reveals a striking homology
      between the prepropeptide precursors. Both mature protein amino-terminal regions
      are very homologous, suggesting that this particular domain could be involved in
      lipid/protein binding or lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activation.

PMID- 6426957
TI  - Influence of fatty acids on energy metabolism. 1. Stimulation of oxygen
      consumption, ketogenesis and CO2 production following addition of octanoate and
      oleate in perfused rat liver.
AB  - Changes in metabolic rates (oxygen consumption, ketogenesis, 14CO2 production
      from labelled fatty acids, glycolysis) following the addition of octanoate or
      oleate were studied in isolated livers from fed and starved rats perfused with
      Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer in a non-recirculating system. The following
      results were obtained. The infusion of fatty acids caused a large increase in the
      rate of oxygen consumption. The effect was greater with octanoate than with
      oleate and was half-maximal with fatty acid concentrations (free plus albumin
      bound) around 0.1 mM. The effects of oleate were only partially suppressed when
      the perfusate contained albumin concentrations near the physiological range. When
      fatty acids were oxidized at high rates, the glycolytic rate was diminished by
      50%. The increase in oxygen consumption could not be explained fully by the
      increased ATP demand for fatty acid metabolism or by a compensation for the
      diminished extramitochondrial ATP generation. In the presence of phenylalkyl
      oxirane carboxylic acid, an inhibitor of the transport of long-chain acyl-CoA
      derivates into the mitochondria, ketogenesis and 14CO2 production from labelled
      oleate were strongly inhibited, whereas the increase in oxygen consumption was
      only slightly affected. In the presence of antimycin A, the increase in oxygen
      consumption due to fatty acids was totally abolished. Following pretreatment of
      rats with ciprofibrate (induction of enzymes for peroxisomal beta-oxidation of
      long-chain fatty acids), ketogenesis (but not 14CO2 production) from oleate was
      enhanced threefold. The increase in oxygen consumption, however, was not
      affected. In conclusion, the increase in hepatic oxygen consumption due to
      addition of fatty acids reflects a mitochondrial process; it is, in part,
      independent of the ATP demand of the cell. An uncoupling-like effect of fatty
      acids on the respiratory chain and its possible physiological significance in
      ketogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 6426958
TI  - The primary structure of teichuronic acid in Bacillus subtilis AHU 1031.
AB  - Structural studies were carried out on the acidic polysaccharide fraction
      obtained from lysozyme digest of the cell walls of Bacillus subtilis AHU 1031.
      The polysaccharide fraction contained N- acetylmannosaminuronic acid ( ManNAcA ),
      N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), glucose, glycerol and phosphorus in a molar ratio
      of 2:2:4:1:1, together with glycopeptide components. The results of analyses
      involving Smith degradation, chromium trioxide oxidation, methylation and proton
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy led to the conclusion that the backbone chain of
      the polysaccharide has the repeating unit----6)Glc(alpha 1----3/4) ManNAcA (beta
      1----4)GlcNAc(beta 1----. About 50% of the N-acetylglucosamine residues in the
      backbone chain seem to be substituted at C-3 by the glycosidic branches, glycerol
      phospho-6-glucose, while the other half seem to be substituted by glucose.

PMID- 6426959
TI  - Hemiaplasia of the posterior atlantic arch with a low-lying posterior tubercle.
AB  - A case of hemiaplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas with an ossification in
      the region of the posterior tubercle is presented. The low position of the
      ossification compared to the contralateral posterior tubercle was concluded to be
      a part of the anomaly.

PMID- 6426960
TI  - On-line monitoring of multiple precordial leads in high risk patients with
      coronary artery disease--a pilot study.
AB  - In a pilot study, a computerized precordial mapping system monitored ischaemia on
      line in 50 patients (40 with acute myocardial infarction and 10 with unstable
      angina, class IV (Canadian Cardiovascular Society). All had ST-segment depression
      or elevation greater than or equal to 0.2 mV in one or more precordial leads when
      they were admitted to our coronary care unit. After preliminary precordial
      mapping with 48 electrodes to localize the area of ischemia, 5 to 8 electrodes
      were placed in and around the centre of the ST-segment changes. The patients were
      monitored between 24 and 48 h (mean 35.5 h). To minimize problems caused by
      artifacts, ECG signal quality was improved by the averaging technique.
      Thereafter, the ECG was evaluated with respect to Q and R wave amplitudes and ST
      segment changes. At 3 min intervals, Q and R wave amplitudes and ST segment
      elevations or depressions, summed for all leads were plotted as a histogram. ECG
      signal quality was excellent and there were no problems with the attachment of
      the electrodes. All patients were treated with nitroglycerine intravenously and
      high doses of heparin and, in several cases, nifedipine as well. Some patients
      received thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase. Despite therapy, 21 ischaemic
      attacks were documented in five patients. Seventeen attacks were seen in patients
      with acute infarction but who were not treated with streptokinase. All attacks
      were accompanied by chest pain. The duration of ischaemia ranged from 18 to 87
      min. Several attacks were stopped immediately by therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6426961
TI  - Hyperammonemia and valproate-induced alterations of the state of consciousness. A
      report of 8 cases.
AB  - Sodium valproate was administered to 38 patients, admitted to our unit in the
      last 18 months, and chosen because they had: (1) poor control of their seizures;
      (2) therapeutic concentrations in their plasma of at least two major
      antiepileptic drugs. In 8 of them, a therapeutic dosage of VPA caused
      modifications of the state of consciousness ranging from coma to drowsiness and
      stupor. These patients also showed gastrointestinal disturbances, asterixis,
      ataxia, tremor and a worsening of EEG abnormalities. The side effects of the drug
      were constantly associated with increased concentration of blood ammonia. Better
      penetration of ammonia into the CNS of patients undergoing frequent seizures and
      possibly having imperfectly functioning biological barriers, could explain our
      observations. In view of the unusually high percentage of patients suffering from
      serious VPA side effects, it is probably advisable to carefully monitor ammonemia
      in the first few days of VPA therapy in every patient treated with multiple
      anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6426962
TI  - Oculogyric crisis induced by lithium carbonate.
AB  - A man with typical symptoms of lithium intoxication had, in addition, severe and
      persistent oculogyric crises, which cleared completely during recovery. Previous
      reports have demonstrated that lithium may impair basal ganglia activity, but
      this is the first reported case of oculogyric crises induced by lithium carbonate
      intoxication.

PMID- 6426963
TI  - Effect of CO2 on peripheral flow and central hemodynamics.
AB  - A variable pattern of organ flow distribution was observed during experimental
      hypo- and hypercarbia. Mainly two patterns of organ flow changes emerged in that
      hepatic, renal and skeletal muscle flow showed a decreasing tendency during
      hypercarbia while gastrointestinal, myocardial and cerebral flow increased during
      hypercarbia and decreased during hypocarbia. These changes were accompanied by
      typical central hemodynamic changes including a decrease in systemic and
      pulmonary vascular resistance during both hypocarbia and hypercarbia which was
      also accompanied by decreased myocardial contractility.

PMID- 6426964
TI  - Adrenergic blockade does not change ventilatory response to CO2 in awake resting
      goats.
AB  - Although adrenergic agonists increase resting ventilation and responsiveness to
      CO2, there are conflicting data about the effect of adrenergic blockade on
      ventilatory responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of alpha- or
      beta-adrenergic blockade on the response to hyperoxic CO2 rebreathing in awake
      goats. In 5 goats, studied before and after intravenous administration of
      phentolamine or propranolol, there was no difference (compared to control
      studies) in the mean slope, x-intercept, or ventilation at end-tidal PCO2
      (PETCO2) = 70 torr for the CO2 response curves after either drug. When mean
      inspiratory flow rate (VT/Ti) was plotted against PETCO2, there was also no
      change in these measurements after propranolol. After phentolamine, there was a
      slight decrease in the slope and x-intercept, but no change in VT/Ti at PETCO2 =
      70 torr. We conclude that acute administration of alpha- or beta-adrenergic
      blockers does not affect ventilatory response to CO2 inhalation in goats, and
      suggest that adrenergic activity is not an important modulating influence for CO2
      responsiveness in this species.

PMID- 6426965
TI  - Opposite effects of H2-receptors on parietal cells and chief cells. Gastric acid
      and pepsin secretion stimulated by histamine and food combined in dogs: the role
      of vagal innervation.
AB  - The effect of H2-stimulation and blockade was studied in a dog model which made
      possible physiological stimulation by food and comparison of vagally innervated
      and denervated acid and pepsin response at the same time. 5 dogs were equipped
      with two pouches separated from the stomach, and stimulation was done by
      histamine as continuous infusion combined with a standard meal--a mixture of
      liver, heart and bonemeal , 10 g/kg. The response was compared with the effect of
      H2-blockade, cimetidine 5 g/kg, given 30 min before the meal. H2-agonism
      stimulated acid secretion and strongly inhibited pepsin secretion, and when H2
      antagonism was applied, the effects were quite opposite. The results may explain
      the great differences in acid and pepsin secretion seen after H2-blockade.

PMID- 6426966
TI  - Spermatogenesis and hormonal status after orchiectomy for cancer and before
      supplementary treatment.
AB  - Low numbers of sperm cells (less than 20 million/ml), low motility indices (less
      than 40) and/or a high percentage of abnormal sperm cells (greater than 80%) were
      found in about half of 60 patients with testicular cancer after orchiectomy and
      before further treatment. There was no correlation between these findings and the
      patient's age, tumor histology or clinical stage. Relatively low serum
      testosterone values in the majority of patients and increased serum LH and FSH in
      some patients also indicated disturbed gonadal function at the time of fertility
      evaluation. The clinical significance of cryopreservation of sperm cells is
      therefore questionable in the majority of these patients. The demonstrated
      hypofertility after orchiectomy and before further treatment for testicular
      cancer may, however, be reversible at least in some patients. In patients with
      testicular cancer every attempt should be made to preserve the patients'
      fertility during the necessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, without a
      reduction in the high cure rate which is obtained by modern multimodal treatment
      of testicular cancer.

PMID- 6426967
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate: relationship of pretreatment hormone levels to
      survival.
AB  - Pretreatment hormone levels were determined in 222 patients with prostatic cancer
      and their prognostic value assessed. The patients were grouped into yearly
      survival categories and only those whose cause of death was due to the disease
      were included in the study. Low concentrations of testosterone in plasma at the
      time of diagnosis related to a poor prognosis. Patients who died within 1 yr of
      diagnosis had the lowest mean plasma levels of this steroid. The pretreatment
      mean plasma testosterone concentrations were found to be higher as the survival
      period of the various groups lengthened. This relationship was observed both when
      the total data were analysed and also when the patients were subgrouped depending
      on clinical evidence of spread of the tumour beyond the prostatic capsule (T3) or
      on the presence of metastases (M1). High pretreatment plasma concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone were also associated with poor survival. Follicle-stimulating
      hormone, prolactin and growth hormone concentrations did not correlate with
      survival time. The indications from this study are that poor testicular function
      is associated with early death from prostatic carcinoma and that the measurement
      of blood levels of testosterone at diagnosis could provide a prognosis of
      subsequent life-span.

PMID- 6426968
TI  - LHRH-agonist treatment in metastatic prostate carcinoma.
AB  - Three patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated for 10, 6 and 2
      months with the potent LHRH-agonist Buserelin (Hoe 766) as a first-line agent.
      All showed a fall of elevated prostatic acid phosphatase levels (nearly
      undetectable after treatment in 2 patients) parallel to plasma testosterone with
      a relief of complaints after 3-4 weeks of treatment. Two patients had an
      increment of appetite and body weight. In one patient radiological evidence for
      objective tumour regression was found by CT scan of the prostate (decrease of 41%
      in prostate volume), skeletal X-rays and bone scan. In this patient plasma
      alkaline phosphatase showed a transient increase parallel to disappearance of
      osteolytic bone lesions (indicating new bone formation) followed by a
      normalization. It is concluded that LHRH-agonist treatment is effective in
      patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma in the absence of serious side
      effects.

PMID- 6426969
TI  - Possible factors in the potentiation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-trans-4
      methylcyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in
      9L rat brain tumor cells.
AB  - Depletion of intracellular levels of polyamines in 9L rat brain tumor cells by
      alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor
      of ornithine decarboxylase, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-trans-4-methylcyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU) in vitro as
      measured by a colony-forming efficiency assay. Administered as a single agent,
      DFMO was not cytotoxic to 9L cells. Treatment for 48 hr with 10, 1, 0.5 or 0.1 mM
      DFMO produced similar levels of polyamine depletion-and similar potentiation of
      MeCCNU cytotoxicity. Restoration of intracellular polyamine levels by the
      addition of exogenous putrescine (1 mM) to treated cells prevented the
      potentiation of MeCCNU, which indicates that this phenomenon might be the result
      of polyamine depletion. DNA adduct formation in polyamine-depleted and control
      cells was studied with [14C]-MeCCNU; no difference in monoadduct formation was
      found between polyamine-depleted and control cells. Experiments to determine
      whether polyamine depletion has an effect on enzymes involved in the repair of
      alkylated bases showed that the activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA demethylase, 7
      methylguanine-DNA glycosylase and 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase were unaffected
      by 48 hr of treatment with 10 mM DFMO. DFMO treatment causes a substantial
      increase in the intracellular content of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine,
      which was reversed by addition of putrescine. The possibility that the elevation
      of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine rather than the depletion of polyamines
      is responsible for the effects of DFMO is discussed.

PMID- 6426970
TI  - A mouse monoclonal antibody against rabbit VH allotype shares the predominant
      idiotype with a rabbit antibody of the same specificity.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, termed 3-2F1, is specific for the rabbit VH al allotypic
      marker. This antibody appears to recognize a common al determinant since it
      reacts with all of the a1 immunoglobulin (Ig) that is bound by polyclonal rabbit
      anti-a1, and completely inhibits the binding of polyclonal anti-a1 to a1 Ig. When
      tested for the predominant IdX-a1 idiotype previously shown to be expressed on
      virtually all rabbit anti-a1 antibody, it was found that 3-2F1 also bears this
      idiotype. In fact, sequential absorption and inhibition assays indicate that 3
      2F1 displays the entire set of rabbit IdX-a1 determinants. The results are
      consistent with the concept that the anti-IdX reagent bears a latent internal
      image of the common VH a1 epitope.

PMID- 6426971
TI  - Frequency and activity of immune interferon (IFN-gamma)- and colony-stimulating
      factor-producing human peripheral blood T lymphocytes.
AB  - This report describes the first frequency estimate of immune interferon (IFN
      gamma)- and colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-producing human peripheral blood T
      lymphocytes. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) were activated with T cell
      mitogens [concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)] in bulk culture and
      subsequently plated in limiting dilution (LD) microcultures in the presence of
      irradiated allogeneic HPBL filler cells and culture medium supplemented with
      human interleukin 2 and T cell mitogen (Con A or PHA). HPBL growing in these
      cultures were T cells as determined by E-rosetting (greater than 85%) and were
      positive for the OKT8 marker. The growth frequency (f) of HPBL in LD was f = 1/20
      1/100. Such cells were induced with T cell mitogens (Con A or PHA) to release
      lymphokines into the supernatant. Statistical analysis of the data from the LD
      experiments showed that (a) the precursor cell frequency for IFN-gamma- and CSF
      producing T cells was f = 1/63-1/151 and 1/89-1/217, respectively, and (b) most T
      cell clones released IFN-gamma and CSF simultaneously. In addition, individual T
      cell clones were shown to be capable of releasing different CSF types. In
      principle, this experimental system can be used to evaluate the precursor
      frequency, relationship and activity of normal or pathological human T cells
      performing any in vitro T cell function.

PMID- 6426972
TI  - Partial characterization of the putative rat interleukin 2 receptor.
AB  - T lymphoblasts of rat origin were (a) surface labeled with 125I and (b)
      internally labeled with 3H-marked sugars. Cell lysates were purified by
      immunoabsorption using the putative anti-rat interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor
      monoclonal antibody ART18 . The purified material was subjected to sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. Two specific membrane
      components were detected: a 50-kDa major and a 36-kDa minor component in reducing
      and a 45-kDA major and a 72-kDa minor component in nonreducing conditions,
      respectively. Both components were found to be susceptible to trypsinization and
      to neuraminidase treatment. 3H-labeled sugars were incorporated into the major
      component. The results indicate that the rat IL2 receptor is either a 50-kDa
      glycoprotein or a 36-kDa molecule, or that both components are part of the
      receptor molecule.

PMID- 6426973
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the constant region of a rabbit
      immunoglobulin light chain of the lambda type.
AB  - A cDNA library has been constructed in the plasmid pBR322 using as template 12 S
      poly(A)-RNA isolated from spleen cells of a hyperimmunized Basilea rabbit. One of
      these cDNA-containing clones was used to determine the nucleotide sequence coding
      for the lambda light chain constant (C) region. The deduced amino acid sequence
      of this cDNA was found in good agreement with a Basilea rabbit C lambda region
      amino acid sequence previously determined. The nucleotide sequence of the rabbit
      C lambda-coding region was compared with man, mouse and chicken C lambda
      sequences and showed 78%, 72% and 66% homology, respectively. Southern blot
      hybridization analyses of liver DNA from various rabbits were carried out. The
      comparison of the restriction patterns suggests that a few C lambda-related genes
      occur in the rabbit genome. In addition, discrete differences in the restriction
      patterns may exist between rabbits of different genetic backgrounds.

PMID- 6426974
TI  - Role of calcium in arachidonic acid-induced contractions of guinea pig airways.
AB  - We have previously shown that arachidonic acid (AA)-induced contractions of
      indomethacin-pretreated guinea pig trachea and parenchyma are due to the
      synthesis of leukotrienes C4 and D4. The present experiments were designed to
      investigate the role of calcium (Ca2+) in the above. AA (66 microM)-induced
      contractions of trachea, but not parenchyma, were reduced in Ca2+-free Krebs
      Henseleit solution ( KHS ). However the contractions of both trachea and
      parenchyma were abolished in Ca2+-free KHS with either lanthanum chloride (1 mM)
      or EDTA (300 microM). The Ca2+ antagonists, verapamil (100 microM), nitrendipine
      (100 microM), and TMB-8 (100 microM), reduced AA-induced contractions of both
      trachea and parenchyma. Re-addition of Ca2+ (2.2 mM) to trachea and parenchyma in
      Ca2+-free KHS in the presence of lanthanum restored the AA-induced contractions.
      This effect of Ca2+ was reduced by verapamil (100 microM) or nitrendipine (100
      microM). LTC4-induced contractions of trachea and parenchyma were unaffected by
      nitrendipine (100 microM), whereas tracheal contractions were reduced in Ca2+
      free KHS . Both tracheal and parenchymal contractions to LTC4 were reduced in
      Ca2+-free KHS in the presence of lanthanum chloride (1 mM). We conclude that
      superficially bound pools of Ca2+ are important in AA-induced contractions of the
      airways. Furthermore, nitrendipine reduces AA-induced contractions by inhibiting
      AA metabolism and not by inhibiting airway smooth muscle contraction induced by
      released leukotrienes.

PMID- 6426975
TI  - The metabolic rate during the time course of salicylate antipyresis in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The processes concerned with the production and loss of body heat in sodium
      salicylate or acetylsalicylic acid antipyresis were investigated in adult rabbits
      at an ambient temperature of 21.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The experimental fever
      elicited by i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli (1
      microgram/kg) was accompanied by increases in O2 consumption and CO2 production
      as well as decreases in convective heat loss. Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of
      sodium salicylate (an hour's i.v. infusion) or with the same dose of
      acetylsalicylic acid (per os) significantly reduced pyrogen fever but the
      magnitude of O2 consumption and CO2 production remained at least at the febrile
      level. In the case of sodium salicylate, the level was even exceeded. At the same
      time both salicylates activated heat dissipation as manifested by decreases in
      vasomotor tone and tachypnea. Thus, it is apparent that the antipyretic effect of
      salicylates may develop without the inhibition of heat production. Heat loss
      processes initiated by these drugs are responsible for the antipyresis.

PMID- 6426976
TI  - The mesolimbic nucleus accumbens is critically involved with the mediation of the
      motor inhibitory and facilitatory effects of dopamine agonists on mouse
      spontaneous climbing behaviour.
AB  - Mouse spontaneous climbing behaviour was dose-dependently inhibited by putative
      dopamine agonists administered subcutaneously (s.c.) or directly into the
      mesolimbic nucleus accumbens. ED50 values for s.c. administrations of
      apomorphine, bromocriptine, DPI, 3-PPP and DK118 (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-di-n
      propylaminotetralin) were 0.01, 0.26, 0.17, 0.24 and 0.0004 mg/kg respectively,
      and for intra-accumbens apomorphine, DPI, bromocriptine, DK118 and 2-di-n
      propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin were 0.21, 0.22, 7.5, 0.00034 and 0.000034
      micrograms respectively. Dose-dependent reduction in motor inhibitory
      potential/motor facilitation was also recorded for higher doses of apomorphine
      given s.c., or for apomorphine, DK118 and 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6
      dihydroxytetralin given intra-accumbens (ED50 values to restore spontaneous
      climbing to control values were 4.1, 4.2 and 0.8 micrograms respectively). The
      motor inhibitory actions of apomorphine, 3-PPP, DK118 and 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6
      dihydroxytetralin were antagonised by (-)-sulpiride, but not by yohimbine or
      prazosin. The actions of DPI were yohimbine-sensitive. Whilst the motor
      inhibition caused by s.c. bromocriptine was neuroleptic-sensitive, that observed
      on intra-accumbens injection was resistant to all antagonists. The intra
      accumbens effectiveness of the dopamine agonists could not be mimicked by
      injections above the nucleus accumbens (into the head of the caudate-putamen
      complex) or below the nucleus accumbens (into the tuberculum olfactorium) (with
      the exception of the effectiveness of bromocriptine administered into the
      tuberculum olfactorium). It is suggested that the actions of 'dopamine agonist'
      to both inhibit and facilitate mouse spontaneous climbing behaviour involves an
      action in the mesolimbic nucleus accumbens. Whilst the mechanisms involved are
      generally neuroleptic-sensitive, alpha 2-adrenoceptor (for DPI) and other
      unidentified mechanisms (for bromocriptine) may also be important.

PMID- 6426977
TI  - Is the cardiovascular effect of nitroglycerin related to the prostaglandin system
      in the dog?
AB  - Open-chest dogs were used for studies of the effects of intra-coronary (0.3-10
      micrograms) or i.v. nitroglycerin (0.3-100 micrograms/kg) on systemic blood
      pressure (SBP), heart rate, left ventricular (LV) pressure, coronary blood flow
      and vascular resistance in the absence of presence of indomethacin (3 mg/kg
      i.v.). The nitroglycerin-induced changes in the cardiovascular parameters were
      not significantly modified by indomethacin (3 mg/kg i.v.). The dose of
      indomethacin used was large enough to inhibit significantly, for more than 2 h,
      the coronary vasodilation induced by arachidonic acid (100 micrograms)
      administered intra-arterially. The present study suggests that the cardiovascular
      action of nitroglycerin may not be mediated through the prostaglandin system.

PMID- 6426978
TI  - Differential contractile responsiveness of isolated rabbit arteries from
      different vascular beds to cyclooxygenase inhibitors and PGI2.
AB  - The actions of three, structurally unrelated cyclooxygenase inhibitors and PGI2
      on the contractile responses to electrical stimulation and to noradrenaline of
      strips of rabbit coeliac, ear, pulmonary, carotid, femoral arteries and the aorta
      were studied. Indomethacin (3 mumol/l), suprofen (0.8 mumol/l) and meclofenamic
      acid (0.2 mumol/l) potentiated the adrenergically induced contractions of coeliac
      arteries by 126-165%. The contractile responses of ear arteries were increased by
      these three substances by 87-91%, and the responses of pulmonary arteries by 26
      33%. All of these changes were statistically significant. Prostacyclin produced a
      dose-related inhibition of the stimulation-induced contractions of the coeliac,
      ear and pulmonary arteries; its IC50 values were 10.4, 212 and 433 nmol/l,
      respectively. In contrast to effects in the above arteries, the evoked
      contractions of aortic and carotid strips were not affected by any of the
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors used; the responses of femoral vessels were
      reduced by all of the inhibitors (by 13-23%; P less than 0.05). Low
      concentrations of PGI2 did not affect the evoked contractions of aortic, carotid
      and femoral strips whereas higher concentrations increased baseline tone and
      potentiated contractions. The results indicate that there are considerable
      difference in the sensitivities of the arteries from different vascular beds to
      inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and to prostacyclin.

PMID- 6426979
TI  - Chlordiazepoxide displaces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) binding.
AB  - Numerous compounds were tested for their ability to displace [3H]( 3MeHis2 )TRH
      binding. It was found that some, but not all, benzodiazepines displaced [3H](
      3MeHis2 )TRH from its binding site. The most potent benzodiazepine was
      chlordiazepoxide, which had an IC50 value of 5 microM in brain tissue and an IC50
      of 290 nM in pituitary tissue. Analysis of the effect produced by
      chlordiazepoxide showed it to be apparently noncompetitive in brain tissue but
      competitive in pituitary tissue. In brain tissue the Hill coefficient was less
      than one, whereas in pituitary tissue the Hill coefficient was approximately 1.0.
      In both tissues the effect was reversible and unaffected by the presence of 10(
      4) M GABA or 10(-4) M flunitrazepam. These data indicate that there exists some
      differences between the brain and pituitary TRH receptor complex, that the
      inhibition produced by chlordiazepoxide is not mediated via a classical
      benzodiazepine receptor and the effect of chlordiazepoxide may be of
      pharmacological relevance.

PMID- 6426980
TI  - Formation of leukotriene C4-like material by rat brain tissue.
AB  - Pieces of rat brain incubated in oxygenated Tyrode solution were stimulated with
      the divalent cation ionophore A 23187. Incubation media were assayed for
      leukotriene (LT) C4-like immunoreactivity as well as for prostaglandin (PG) D2, 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane (TX) B2 using specific and sensitive
      radioimmunoassays. Spontaneous release of the cyclooxygenase products but only of
      trace amounts of LTC4-like immunoreactivity was detected. Stimulation with
      ionophore A 23187 increased the level of cyclooxygenase products and to a smaller
      extent the level of LTC4-like immunoreactivity. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by
      indomethacin was paralleled by a significantly increased release of LTC4-like
      material under basal conditions as well as in the presence of ionophore A 23187.
      On the other hand, the synthesis of LTC4-like material was significantly
      decreased by the lipoxygenase inhibitors quercetin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid.
      The presence of LT-like material in rat brain incubates was confirmed by
      bioassay. The capacity of brain tissue to synthesize LT-like material may be
      important for cerebral blood flow as well as cellular functions in the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 6426981
TI  - The interaction of cycle length with the electrophysiological effect of
      lidocaine, tocainide and verapamil on canine Purkinje fibers.
AB  - Intracellular action potentials were recorded from normal canine Purkinje fibers
      using the standard microelectrode technique. The effects of lidocaine (2 and 5
      mg/1), tocainide (10 and 20 mg/1) and verapamil (0.5 and 1.0 mg/1) on action
      potential characteristics as well as conduction times were measured at cycle
      lengths of 1000, 800, 600, 500, 400 and 300 ms. Lidocaine and tocainide shortened
      APD50 % and APD90 %, and verapamil shortened APD50 % and lengthened APD90 %. All
      of these effects were greatest at the longest cycle lengths. A similar
      interaction of changes in ERP with cycle length was observed for lidocaine and
      tocainide. Verapamil increased ERP but this effect was not significant. Tocainide
      and verapamil reduced dV/dtmax while lidocaine had no significant effect. All
      three drugs increased conduction time. This effect was accentuated at shorter
      cycle lengths. No direct relationship between dV/dtmax and conduction times were
      observed. These results indicate that many of the electrophysiological effects of
      lidocaine, tocainide and verapamil are modified by cycle length. We propose that
      future studies on the electrophysiology of antiarrhythmic drugs should include
      stimulation both at long and short cycle lengths.

PMID- 6426982
TI  - Influence of lesions in the limbic-hypothalamic system on metabolic response of
      acetate to daily repeated immobilization stress.
AB  - The effects of lesions in the basal medial hypothalamus and limbic structure on
      the acetate metabolic responses to daily repeated exposure to immobilization
      stress in the liver of rabbits have been investigated. The experimental results
      were as follows: (1) The acetate metabolic response to the 1st exposure to
      immobilization stress (exposure on the 1st day) were considerably altered by
      lesions in the periventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC) ventromedial hypothalamus
      (VMH), stria terminalis (ST) and dorsal fornix (FX). (2) The acetate metabolic
      responses to immobilization stress were completely abolished by seven times
      repetition of immobilization stress in the rabbits with lesions in ARC, VMH and
      FX; they were similar to sham-operated groups. (3) In rabbits with ST lesions,
      the acetate metabolic responses to the 7th exposure (exposure on the 7th day) to
      immobilization stress were exactly the same as those after the 1st exposure of
      immobilization stress, but these metabolic responses were completely abolished by
      the seven times repetition of exposure in the sham-operated animals. (4) These
      results suggest that firstly, the ARC, VMH, amygdala(AMYG)-ST system and dorsal
      hippocampus(HPC)-FX system are involved in the acetate metabolic responses to the
      1st exposure of immobilization stress, and secondly, that only the AMYG-ST is
      involved in the disappearance process of acetate metabolic responses to
      immobilization stress by the daily repetition of immobilization stress.

PMID- 6426983
TI  - Influence of lesions in the limbic-hypothalamic system on metabolic response of
      acetate to daily repeated heat exposure in rabbit.
AB  - The effects of lesions in the basal medial hypothalamus and limbic structure on
      the acetate metabolic responses to daily repeated heat exposure in the liver of
      rabbits have been investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
      (1) THe acetate metabolic responses to the 1st heat exposure (heat exposure on
      the 1st day) were altered by the lesions in the periventricular arcuate nucleus
      (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), stria terminalis (ST) and dorsal fornix
      (FX). (2) The acetate metabolic responses to heat exposure were completely
      abolished by the ten times repetition of heat exposure in the rabbits with
      lesions in ARC or VMH. They were similar to sham-operated animals. (3) The
      acetate metabolic responses to heat exposure remained even after the ten times
      repetition of heat exposure in the rabbits with lesions in ST and FX indicating
      the differences from sham-operated animals. (4) From these results, it might be
      suggested that the basal medial hypothalamus and limbic structure participated in
      the mechanism of acetate metabolic response to the 1st heat exposure, but only
      these limbic structure played some roles in the complete disappearance process of
      acetate metabolic responses to heat exposure by the ten times repetition of heat
      exposure.

PMID- 6426984
TI  - Serum levels of FSH, LH and estradiol-17 beta in female rats around the time of
      puberty onset.
AB  - Groups of female rats were autopsied at daily intervals from 27 days of age
      through the first vaginal cycle and the serum FSH and LH and plasma estradiol-17
      beta (E2) concentrations were estimated. Fluctuating hormone concentrations were
      recorded between days 27 and 31. Both gonadotropins and E2 dropped to a very low
      level on days 32 and 33 and showed then a progressive increase that commenced on
      day 34 and terminated for LH and E2 on day 39, i.e. in proestrus, whereas FSH
      declined from day 37 to day 39. The circulating gonadotropin level was lower
      during the first postpubertal diestrus than during most of the prepubertal phase.
      The findings suggest that a high sensitivity to the gonadotropin -inhibiting
      effect of estrogen prevented completion of an ovarian cycle up to day 33. After
      that, desensitization to the negative estrogen feedback as indicated by the
      simultaneous rise of E2 and gonadotropins makes final maturation of ovarian
      follicles and the first ovulation possible. In part of the rats aged 27-38 days
      cell nuclear volumes of medial preoptic neurons were evaluated, because recent
      results suggest that estrogen induces the desensitization process by an
      inhibitory action on the medial preoptic area. In accordance with this
      assumption, an inverse relationship between nuclear size and the E2 level in the
      blood could be revealed.

PMID- 6426985
TI  - Sexual agglutinin of mating-type minus gametes in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. I.
      Loss and recovery of agglutinability of gametes treated with EDTA.
AB  - The effect of EDTA on the mating-type-specific agglutinins located on the
      flagellar surfaces of Chlamydomonas reinhardii gametes was investigated. The
      mating-type minus (mt-) gametes lost their agglutinability without apparent loss
      of motility soon after addition of EDTA at low concentrations (1-2 mM). At the
      same time, the cells released into the medium agglutinins which can elicit
      agglutinative responses of mating-type plus (mt+) gametes specifically. When EDTA
      was neutralized with Mg2+ or removed by centrifugation, the mt- cells quickly
      replaced agglutinins by protein synthesis: the recovery process was sensitive to
      cycloheximide, but not to tunicamycin. The EDTA-treated mt+ gametes lost their
      agglutinins much more slowly than the mt- gametes. The replacement of mt+
      agglutinins was inhibited by both cycloheximide and tunicamycin.

PMID- 6426986
TI  - la-positive T lymphocytes are the producer cells of interferon gamma.
AB  - The production of gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) in human peripheral blood T
      lymphocytes was induced by stimulation with PHA. For identification of the
      producer cell of IFN gamma, double fluorescence studies were undertaken and
      titers of interferon were determined in preparatively separated T-cell
      subpopulations reactive with one of the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8,
      and OKIal . Production of IFN gamma was found in OKT3+, OKT4+, and OKT8+ cells.
      However, IFN gamma production occurred only in T cells also reactive with the
      monoclonal antibody OKIal . Addition of macrophages had no substantial effect on
      interferon titers in these subpopulations. It is suggested that the T cell subset
      producing IFN gamma is characterized by its reactivity with the monoclonal
      antibodies OKT3, OKT4 or OKT8, and OKIal .

PMID- 6426987
TI  - Comparison of leucine aminopeptidase from human lens, beef lens and kidney, and
      hog lens and kidney.
AB  - Antisera specific for leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were prepared. Using these
      antisera in immunodiffusion tests, the identity of LAP isolated from beef lens
      and kidney is demonstrated. The same pertains to hog lens and kidney LAP. As
      indicated by only partial fusion of the immunoprecipitates in immunodiffusion
      plates, leucine aminopeptidases isolated from hog and beef are antigenically
      similar but not identical. These tests also indicate substantial similarity
      between a component in human lens homogenates and bovine or hog LAP.
      Microcomplement fixation tests corroborate these observations and indicate that,
      under these conditions, LAP from beef lens and kidney, or hog lens and kidney,
      are indistinguishable. However, there is an approximate 8.5% amino acid sequence
      difference between beef and hog LAP. Microcomplement fixation tests with human
      lens homogenate also corroborate immunodiffusion results and indicate an
      approximate 19% amino acid sequence difference between beef and human LAP. These
      data establish that LAP is a species-specific enzyme and they indicate that it is
      not organ specific. Maximal complement fixation occurs at approximately 0.1
      microgram antigen per tube in those assays in which pure aminopeptidases were
      tested. This permits standardization of the microcomplement fixation assay for
      LAP under these conditions. Maximal complement fixation occurs at 160-200
      micrograms human lens homogenate per tube. Assuming that in this quantity of
      homogenate there is 0.1 microgram LAP, then it can be calculated that LAP
      comprises about 0.05% of the lens protein. This agrees closely with the
      percentage of LAP in hog and beef lenses. Thus, the reduced LAP activity reported
      for human lens tissue appears not to result from an absence of the enzyme but
      rather, may be due to diminished catalytic competency of the enzyme in aged human
      lens tissue (see Taylor and Juhngen , 1984). The unit evolutionary period, 4.7
      5.8 X 10(6) years, indicates that LAP has been highly conserved during evolution.

PMID- 6426988
TI  - Age and sex difference in serum and pituitary thyrotropin concentrations in the
      rat: influence by pituitary adenoma.
AB  - Effects of age and sex difference on serum and pituitary thyrotropin (TSH)
      concentrations were investigated in young (4 to 6 months) and old (28 to 36
      months) Long-Evans rats with or without pituitary tumor. Basal and TRH-induced
      serum TSH concentrations in young males are significantly (P less than .05)
      higher than in old males, while there is no significant difference in basal TSH
      between young and old female rats, but young females had greater TSH response to
      TRH than the old females. Orchidectomy significantly reduced plasma TSH in the
      young but not in the old male rats. Administration of testosterone propionate
      reversed the castration effects on TSH in the young male rat. Ovariectomy
      significantly reduced plasma TSH in the old but not in the young female rats.
      Estrogen treatment slightly increased basal TSH concentrations in both the young
      and old rats.

PMID- 6426989
TI  - Orthotopic ovarian transplantation in young and aged CBA mice.
AB  - Reproductive and hormonal changes associated with CBA mice which were
      orthotopically transplanted with ovaries from young or aged CBA mice were
      studied. Reproductive decline was defined by the number of mice mating and the
      number of implantation sites and resorptions in pregnant mice. A high percentage
      of resorptions was observed in aged mice receiving ovaries from young mice. An
      increase in the number of resorptions and a decrease in the number of
      implantation sites was observed in young mice transplanted with aged ovaries.
      Concentrations of LH, FSH and Prl were analyzed by radioimmunoassay from plasma
      of pregnant and nonpregnant transplanted mice, ovariectomized and sham-operated
      controls. Young ovariectomized mice had elevated concentrations of LH and FSH
      when compared to sham-operated controls. No differences were noted between the
      aged ovariectomized mice although the gonadotrophin levels in these animals were
      higher than those in comparable young groups. The highest LH and lowest FSH
      concentrations were found in young to young transplanted mice. The Prl
      concentrations in transplanted mice did not vary between groups. These data
      suggest that the hypothalamic-hypophyseal complex is functioning adequately in
      all transplanted groups and age-related changes in the ovary and uterus are
      responsible for embryonic mortality.

PMID- 6426990
TI  - Repeated measurements of serum immunoglobulin-free light chains in early
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin free light chains (LC) are frequently increased in chronic
      active sarcoidosis but rarely in disease of less than 2 years duration. LC were
      re-measured in 19 sarcoidosis patients who were previously examined during early
      disease. At first examination LC were elevated in only 4 patients; all of them
      had achieved normal values at second LC measurement, at an average of 28 months
      later, in parallel with remission or inactive sarcoidosis in most cases. Elevated
      LC appeared eventually in 2 patients with clinical evidence of active
      sarcoidosis, but not in other patients with a similar clinical course. The
      frequent elevation of LC in chronic active sarcoidosis is, in most cases,
      dependent on a year-long stimulation of the immune system, longer than has been
      present in this series.

PMID- 6426991
TI  - The effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia and almitrine bismesylate on carotid body
      catecholamines.

PMID- 6426992
TI  - Effects of almitrine bismesylate on chemosensitivity in patients with chronic
      airways obstruction.
AB  - The effects of 100 mg doses of almitrine bismesylate given orally were compared
      with placebo on separate test days in twelve hypoxaemic patients with chronic
      airways obstruction. The drug caused significant increases in ventilation and
      arterial O2 tension with a fall in CO2 tension. Assessed by rebreathing
      techniques it augmented their ventilatory response to hypercapnia and even more
      to hypoxia. Only minimal changes occurred with placebo. The results are
      consistent with the drug's known action of sensitising the peripheral
      chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6426993
TI  - Effect of almitrine bismesylate on arterial blood gases and ventilatory drive in
      patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction and bilateral carotid body
      resection.
AB  - According to a double-blind cross over design 100 mg almitrine bismesylate or
      placebo was administered orally to eight patients with chronic airflow
      obstruction having undergone bilateral carotid body resection up to two years
      earlier to alleviate their extreme dyspnoea. Almitrine bismesylate failed to
      improve gas exchange in these patients, nor did it affect ventilation, breathing
      pattern, ventilatory or hypoxic drive. This study confirms that the drug only
      exerts its effects on carotid bodies and that the previously documented
      improvement in V/Q matching also results from its action on carotid bodies.

PMID- 6426994
TI  - Almitrine bismesylate in congenital central hypoventilation.
AB  - We have carried out sequential studies of respiration and sleep state, from two
      weeks to two years of age in a girl with congenital central hypoventilation. When
      awake her minute ventilation (VE) and blood gases are normal, and when asleep she
      shows hypoventilation, with progressive hypoxia, hypercarbia and respiratory
      acidosis, most marked in NREM sleep. There has been no consistent change in VE
      (expressed as ml/kg/min) with age, awake or asleep, and she remains ventilator
      dependent when asleep. Growth and development are normal. We report a trial of
      almitrine bismesylate at the age of 21 months. A dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day orally for
      eight days produced minimal changes in VE, but when given 2.6 mg/kg/day for a
      further seven days there was a significant increase in VE in both NREM (27%
      increase) and in REM sleep (30% increase). These changes were accompanied by
      substantial improvements in blood gases, with PaCO2 less than 50 mmHg and PaO2
      greater than 60 mmHg throughout a four hour study period asleep, off the
      ventilator, in air. After stopping almitrine bismesylate VE and blood gas values
      returned to pretreatment values. Almitrine bismesylate may be of value as an
      alternative to artificial ventilation in this condition.

PMID- 6426995
TI  - Lung function after almitrine bismesylate administration in a five year old boy
      with chronic airways obstruction.

PMID- 6426996
TI  - Clinical aspects of farmer's lung: airway reactivity, treatment and prognosis.
AB  - This study reviews the results of five clinical studies dealing with farmer's
      lung (FL). The total number of patients included was 107, with a mean age of 49
      years. All patients were farmers with dairy cattle. The clinical symptoms,
      auscultatory findings, chest radiography, laboratory data, partial pressure of
      oxygen in arterial blood at rest (PaO2), dynamic spirometry (FVC and FEV1) and
      lung diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLco) were recorded at the first
      visit to the hospital and one, three, six and twelve months later during the
      follow-up and every six months after that. Half of the patients with FL reported
      insidious onset of the disease, and 28% reported acute onset. Dyspnoea was
      reported by all patients, coughing was almost as common. A considerable
      proportion of the patients reported muscle and joint pains. Diffuse opacities
      were detected in the chest radiograms of 99 patients (93%): the more severe the
      radiological change, the more impaired the DLco value. A normal chest radiogram
      was seen in eight of the 107 patients at the first evaluation. Half of the
      patients showed a restrictive type of impairment of ventilatory function at the
      first evaluation. Lung diffusing capacity was less than 80% of the predicted
      value in 89% of the patients. Ninety-nine patients were initially challenged with
      histamine and twenty-two of them (22%) showed increased bronchial responsiveness.
      Bronchial hyper-reactivity was transient in most of the patients and might also
      fluctuate with exacerbation of FL symptoms. Specimens of the airway epithelium of
      FL patients were taken by rigid bronchoscope from five patients for
      electronmicroscope studies. Extensive bronchial damage to the airway epithelium
      associated with the presence of spore-like fungi was observed. Aspiration biopsy
      of the spleen was carried out on ten FL patients during their first visit to the
      hospital. Granuloma-like reactions were detected in the aspiration biopsy
      material of five FL patients. The granulomatous changes in the spleen had
      disappeared when the procedure was repeated on two patients at an asymptomatic
      stage of the disease. Ninety-three patients were included in a follow-up study
      with a mean follow-up period of 18.6 months. The patients with clinically less
      severe disease were observed without medication. It appeared that corticosteroid
      medication was usually started if the DLco value was less than 65% of the
      predicted value. Fourteen patients with a DLco value less than 65% were observed
      without medication and served as a control group for those on
      medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6426997
TI  - Multiple neutral maltase activities in normal and acid maltase-deficient human
      muscle.
AB  - The subcellular distribution and isoelectric focusing profile of neutral maltase
      were investigated in human skeletal muscle from controls and patients with acid
      maltase deficiency. After subcellular fractionation of normal muscle by
      differential centrifugation, 75% of the neutral maltase activity was soluble and
      13% sedimented with a "microsomal" fraction; the relative specific activity was
      highest in this latter fraction. After isoelectric focusing (pH gradient 3.5 to
      10) of a soluble fraction from control muscle, three peaks of activity were
      observed: peak 1 had exclusively neutral maltase activity; peak 2 had
      predominantly neutral maltase activity; and peak 3 had acid maltase activity
      predominating. The soluble fraction of muscle from a patient with infantile acid
      maltase deficiency showed no detectable activity at acid pH in any of the peaks
      and the neutral maltase peaks were unaltered. In muscle from a patient with late
      onset acid maltase deficiency the focusing pattern for neutral maltase was
      similar to controls; the small amount of residual activity at acid pH was found
      in peak 3.

PMID- 6426998
TI  - The effect of ether, pentobarbitone sodium and fentanyl on blood gases, acid-base
      balance and hematological parameters in the rat.
AB  - Blood gases, acid-base balance and hematological parameters (RBC, PCV and Hb)
      were measured in adult rats of both sexes. The use of ether and fentanyl had a
      very little effect on the blood gases and acid-base balance. The induction of
      pentobarbitone anesthesia, however, was followed by a significant increase in
      PCO2 and TCO2, while the pH value decreased.

PMID- 6426999
TI  - Effects of bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neurotensin on TRH-induced
      body shaking in rats.
AB  - Bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neurotensin were found to
      suppress body shaking behavior caused by intracerebroventricular injection of
      TRH.

PMID- 6427000
TI  - Adaptive respiratory variation in 4 chromosomal species of mole rats.
AB  - Oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures were measured in subcutaneous gas pockets of
      4 chromosomal species of the Spalax ehrenbergi complex. Oxygen pressures of 11.8,
      13.6, 16.9, and 17.2 torr and CO2 pressures of 84.2, 82.9, 80.1, and 64.1 torr
      were measured for the chromosomal species 2n = 52, 54, 58, and 60, respectively.
      The differences between the 4 chromosomal species in their subcutaneous gas
      tension appear to reflect adaptive respiratory variation associated with
      geographic variation in climate. It underlies an important respiratory
      physiological correlate of ecological speciation in the extremely hypoxic and
      hypercapnic subterranean environment.

PMID- 6427001
TI  - Inhibition of platelet ADP and serotonin release by carbon monoxide and in
      cigarette smokers.
AB  - The release of 14C-serotonin by ADP, epinephrine and arachidonic acid and the
      release of ADP by kaolin were measured in normal platelets in the presence and
      absence of carbon monoxide and in smokers' platelets. It is shown that carbon
      monoxide inhibits significantly the platelet release reaction. This function is
      also decreased in platelets obtained from heavy cigarette smokers.

PMID- 6427002
TI  - Ionophoric activity of the antibiotic X.14547 A in the mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - Release of Ca++, Mg++ and K+ by the carboxylic ionophore X-14547 A was studied in
      the mitochondrial membrane. A comparison was made with A.23187 ( Calcimycin ) and
      X.537 A (Lasalocid A) under the same experimental conditions. It was shown that
      in this test system X.14547 A is primarily a K+ carrier comparable with X.537 A.

PMID- 6427003
TI  - Increase in cell-surface N-acetylglucosaminide beta (1----4)galactosyltransferase
      activity with retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma
      cells.
AB  - Exposure of F9 cells to all-trans-retinoic acid over a period of 6 days resulted
      in 4-fold induction of cell surface N-acetylglucosaminide beta (1---
      4)galactosyltransferase (GT) activity. The retinoic acid-induced GT activity was
      further enhanced by treatment of the cells with 8-bromo cyclic AMP. The ability
      of retinoic acid alone, or retinoic acid in combination with 8-bromo cyclic AMP,
      to induce GT activity was inhibited by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide.
      These findings indicate that the induction of galactosyltransferase activity
      noted with differentiation of F9 cells involves de novo synthesis of new enzyme
      protein.

PMID- 6427004
TI  - Excretion of ecdysteroids by schistosomes as a marker of parasite infection.
AB  - Ecdysteroids produced by schistosomes are released in biological fluids of
      infected hosts. In the sera, the concentration of ecdysteroids correlates with
      the permissiveness of the host to schistosome infection and its detection is
      available in the absence of positive parasitological tests. In the urine,
      ecdysteroid concentration decreases markedly after chemotherapy. 20
      Hydroxyecdysone and its epimer were identified in the urine of infected patients
      using mass spectrometry. These data demonstrate for the first time that
      ecdysteroids are released by organisms. Moreover, they are potent molecules of
      parasite infection and can be used for parasite diagnosis.

PMID- 6427005
TI  - Alterations in enzyme expression on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced
      differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - Several enzyme activities were examined to establish a relationship between their
      expression and terminal differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
      cells to plasma cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Although
      adenosine deaminase activity did not change significantly, thymidine
      phosphorylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase increased 2-3-fold on TPA
      induced differentiation of CLL cells. In addition, cytochemical reactions for non
      specific esterase and acid phosphatase changed from very weak to intense on
      differentiation of CLL cells to plasma cells. The above markers, particularly
      cytochemical, could be useful for the classification of B-cell malignancies and
      for studying B-cell differentiation.

PMID- 6427006
TI  - The rate constant for ATP hydrolysis by polymerized actin.
AB  - Polymerized actin hydrolyzes bound ATP in a reaction that depends on the
      concentration of polymerized ATP-actin, not on the rate of incorporation of ATP
      actin into the polymer. The apparent first order rate constant is about 0.07 s-1
      at 21 degrees C in 50 mM KCl with 1 mM MgCl2 or CaCl2.

PMID- 6427007
TI  - Acetyl-blocked N-terminal structures of sorbitol and aldehyde dehydrogenases.
AB  - Two new dehydrogenase structures, the 354-residue polypeptide chain of sorbitol
      dehydrogenase (from sheep liver) and the 500-residue polypeptide chain of
      cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase (from human liver), have blocked N-termini.
      The N-terminal peptides were purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography and submitted to mass spectrometry after derivatization. They were
      also analyzed by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase digestion, utilizing gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry for dipeptide identifications. Results are
      consistent and establish that sorbitol dehydrogenase has N-terminal acetylalanine
      and aldehyde dehydrogenase N-terminal acetylserine in amino acid sequences that
      are compatible with estimates from chemical analyses. The two N-terminal residues
      found are typical of acetylated proteins in general, extend the group of known
      acetylated dehydrogenases, and show that these intracellular proteins are
      frequently N-terminally acetylated.

PMID- 6427008
TI  - Hormonal effects on the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of epinephrine and vasopressin on the phosphorylation state of
      glycogen synthase were studied using rat hepatocytes incubated with 32P. After
      the incubation with hormones, 32P-labeled glycogen synthase was isolated using
      antibodies against rat liver enzyme. The immunoprecipitate showed a single
      radioactive band ( Mapp 88 kDa) when subjected to SDS-gel electrophoresis. Both
      epinephrine and vasopressin inactivated the enzyme and increased the 32P content
      of glycogen synthase. Cleavage of the immunoprecipitate with CNBr yielded two
      major 32P-labeled fragments of Mapp approximately 27 and 12 kDa. Both hormones
      increased the 32P content of both fragments. These results prove that epinephrine
      and vasopressin increase the phosphate content of the enzyme promoting its
      phosphorylation at multiple sites.

PMID- 6427009
TI  - Effects of pH and inhibitors on the absorption spectrum of cobalt(II)-substituted
      carbonic anhydrase III from bovine skeletal muscle.
AB  - Bovine apocarbonic anhydrase III has been prepared by incubation with 2-carboxy
      1,10-phenanthroline at pH 5.5. The Co(II)-substituted enzyme has been prepared
      and its absorption spectrum has been studied. The spectrum is nearly pH
      independent above pH 6. It is very similar to the high pH spectral forms of
      Co(II)-carbonic anhydrases I and II. The spectra of complexes with the
      sulfonamide inhibitor, acetazolamide, and with CN- and NCO - are virtually
      identical to the spectra of the corresponding complexes with Co(II)-isoenzymes I
      and II. The spectrum of the N-3 complex indicates that this anion is bound
      somewhat differently in Co(II) isoenzyme III than in the other Co(II)-substituted
      isoenzymes.

PMID- 6427010
TI  - Primary structure of the major glycans of the N-acetyllactosamine type derived
      from the human immunoglobulins M from two patients with Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia.
AB  - The carbohydrate chains of the pathological human immunoglobulins M from two
      patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia were released by hydrazinolysis.
      The N-acetyllactosamine-type glycans were obtained by affinity chromatography on
      concanavalin A and fractionated by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. The
      primary structure of the major compounds was elucidated on the basis of
      carbohydrate analysis, methylation analysis, including mass-spectrometry, and 500
      MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. For both patients, this appeared to be a monosialyl
      monofucosyl biantennary structure; the compounds differed by the presence of an
      intersecting N-acetylglucosamine residue.

PMID- 6427011
TI  - Sensitivity of thermoacidophilic archaebacteria to alpha-sarcin.
AB  - The protein synthesis machinery of Sulfolobus solfataricus , a thermoacidophilic
      archaebacterium, is insensitive to most of the known antibiotics that interfere
      with elongation. alpha-Sarcin, a cytotoxic protein, inhibits protein synthesis on
      eukaryotic systems by cleaving a specific sequence of the large rRNA. alpha
      Sarcin is capable of inhibiting protein synthesis on S. solfataricus producing a
      fragment under conditions similar to those which produce it in yeast ribosomes.
      This result suggests the presence on S. solfataricus of the sequence necessary
      for the enzymatic hydrolysis promoted by alpha-sarcin.

PMID- 6427012
TI  - Aspartic acid-121 functions at the active site of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.
AB  - The fully active semisynthetic enzyme formed by the non-covalent interaction of
      residues 1-118 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease and a synthetic tetradecapeptide
      containing residues 111-124 of the enzyme has allowed a direct test of the role
      of aspartic acid-121 in the functioning of the molecule. Replacement of this
      residue by asparagine results in a derivative that is 4.5% active against
      cytidine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate at pH 7.0 under standard assay conditions.
      Further studies with the same substrate at pH 5.8 reveal that the reduced
      activity results entirely from a diminished catalytic efficiency and not from a
      decreased affinity for substrate.

PMID- 6427013
TI  - Electrical activity in adenohypophyseal cells and effects of hypophyseotropic
      substances.
AB  - Normal endocrine cells isolated from adenohypophyses of the rat, lizard, and
      fish, and maintained in short-term culture, produce action potentials
      spontaneously or in response to depolarizing current pulses or stimulant
      hypophyseotropic substances. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone elicited action
      potentials in a fraction of a mixed population of rat pars distalis cells.
      Dopamine, which inhibits basal secretion from rat melanotrophs and teleostean
      prolactin cells, inhibited action potential discharge in both these cell types. 5
      Hydroxytryptamine, which stimulates secretion from lizard pars intermedia cells,
      stimulated action potentials in these cells. gamma-Aminobutyric acid, recently
      found in nerves to the rat pars intermedia and shown to have both stimulant and
      inhibitory effects on secretion, depolarized rat melanotrophs. The effect
      involved an increase in Cl conductance, which could be blocked by bicuculline and
      potentiated by diazepam. A Ca component that indicates inward Ca flux was present
      in the action potentials in each of the cell types examined, although its
      contribution varied with species and gland region. Electrical activity may
      therefore participate in secretory control in adenohypophyseal cells. Attention
      is drawn to some unexpected electrical responses to agents that are likely to be
      used in attempts to examine the correlation between the electrical events and
      secretion.

PMID- 6427015
TI  - Clomiphene citrate in an in vitro fertilization program: hormonal comparisons
      between 50- and 150-mg daily dosages.
AB  - When clomiphene citrate is used for enhanced follicular recruitment in an in
      vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program, the usual dosage is 150 mg/day,
      although we recently reported comparable follicular development (size and number)
      with 50 mg/day. The present report compares circulating hormone levels between
      groups of patients receiving the two regimens. Gonadotropin levels were higher in
      the 150-mg group throughout the follicular phase. Serum estradiol (E2) levels,
      expressed either as total E2 or E2 per follicle greater than or equal to 15 mm,
      were also higher throughout the follicular phase in the 150-mg group. During the
      luteal phase, the progesterone levels were similar in both groups. However, there
      were higher E2 levels in the 150-mg group during the entire luteal phase. Even
      though there were no significant differences between groups with regard to the
      degree of enhanced follicular recruitment, there were significant differences in
      the observed hormone levels.

PMID- 6427014
TI  - The impact of malnutrition on human lactation: observations from community
      studies.
AB  - There is very little scope for the direct examination of relationships between
      nutrient intake and lactational performance in women. Experimental investigations
      are limited to the effects of dietary supplementation in pregnancy and/or
      lactation. To obtain comparisons between normal and undernourished women, studies
      have to be performed at a community level. Studies in Cambridge, The Gambia, and
      elsewhere indicate that the impact of variations in nutrient intake on
      lactational performance is limited: over the ranges normally found in developed
      and developing countries milk output does not vary in relation to energy intake,
      and effects of nutrient intake on milk quality are restricted to increases in
      vitamin content after appropriate supplementation.

PMID- 6427016
TI  - The relationship between follicular fluid steroid concentration and successful
      fertilization of human oocytes in vitro.
AB  - Follicular fluids (FF) and their matched oocytes were obtained from 64 follicles
      of 28 women who failed to conceive after in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) and 33
      follicles of 8 women who successfully conceived after the procedure. Ovulation
      was induced with human menopausal gonadotropin, and follicular aspiration was
      performed 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin administration. The
      concentration of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, and androsterone was correlated with the morphology of the
      oocyte-corona-cumulus complex ( OCCC ), oocyte fertilization, the rate of
      cleavage, and the incidence of pregnancy after embryo transfer. In both groups of
      women, FF progesterone was lowest in follicles containing immature OCCCs .
      However, follicles aspirated from women who conceived after IVF which contained
      intermediate and mature OCCCs had significantly higher FF estradiol levels than
      similar follicles from women who failed to conceive after the procedure.
      Fertilized oocytes and 4- to 6-cell stage embryos which were obtained from
      follicles of pregnant women contained significantly higher FF estradiol levels
      than fertilized oocytes and similar embryos from nonpregnant women. It appears
      that higher FF estradiol levels correlate well with successful fertilization and
      an enhanced cleavage rate of oocytes associated with pregnancy following IVF .

PMID- 6427017
TI  - Luteal phase serum estradiol and progesterone in in vitro fertilization.
AB  - One hundred seventy-five cycles in patients with irreparable tubal disease were
      stimulated by human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin for the
      purpose of in vitro fertilization. The pregnancy rate was found to be related to
      the height and pattern of serum estradiol (E2) response in the follicular phase.
      The mean serum E2 and progesterone (P) during the luteal phase showed no
      statistically significant difference between the pregnant and nonpregnant
      patients in the series except after luteal day 11. The mean serum E2 in most of
      the luteal phase days was highest in the high responders followed by the normal
      and the low responders. However, the mean P values were similar for the high and
      normal responders but higher than the low responders on cycle days 18, 20, and
      22. The mean serum E2 and P in the luteal phase showed no statistically
      significant difference among the three most common patterns. This was also true
      for the pregnant and nonpregnant values in each category of height and pattern of
      response. We concluded that the success and failure of in vitro fertilization was
      probably less related to the peripheral E2 and P in the luteal phase than to the
      number and quality of eggs.

PMID- 6427018
TI  - Correlation of inhibin and follicle regulatory protein activities with follicular
      fluid steroid levels in anovulatory patients.
AB  - Follicular fluid was obtained from anovulatory patients (n = 12), stimulated with
      human menopausal gonadotropin, clomiphene, and human chorionic gonadotropin to
      evaluate the relative responses of inhibin, follicle regulatory protein, and
      steroid levels in follicles from ovaries requiring exogenous stimulation for
      follicular development. Follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol,
      progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 3 alpha
      androstenediol were determined by radioimmunoassay. Follicular fluid inhibin
      activity was determined by suppression of rat pituicyte follicle-stimulating
      hormone, and follicle regulatory protein activity was determined by suppression
      of porcine granulosa cell aromatase. The mean level of steroids were progesterone
      (7529 +/- 1601 ng/ml), estradiol (1082 +/- 158 ng/ml), androstenedione (15.2 +/-
      3.17 ng/ml), 3 alpha-androstenediol (0.90 +/- 0.13 ng/ml), testosterone (2.23 +/-
      33 ng/ml), and dihydrotestosterone (0.77 +/- 0.11 ng/ml). Follicle regulatory
      protein activity was 16.6% +/- 4.3% and mean inhibin level was 62.9 +/- 7.52 U.
      These results are in contrast to reports of follicular fluid steroid levels from
      normal ovulatory patients treated with exogenous gonadotropin. Although altered
      levels of hormones were present within these follicles, they clearly were not
      atretic, as evidenced by elevated estradiol levels and estradiol/androstenedione
      ratios. Alterations in the normal follicular response to pharmacologic
      gonadotropin stimulation in the follicles of anovulatory women suggest the
      presence of granulosa cell dysynchrony .

PMID- 6427019
TI  - Reversible hypogonadism induced by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH
      RH) agonist (Buserelin) as a new therapeutic approach for endometriosis.
AB  - Ten women with endometriosis (stages I to IV) were treated with twice-daily
      subcutaneous injections of 200 micrograms of (D-Ser[TBU]6-des-Gly-NH2(10]
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide (Buserelin) for 5 days followed
      by 400 micrograms intranasally three times daily for 25 to 31 weeks. Serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone levels returned to basal values on the second day of
      treatment, and serum luteinizing hormone levels progressively decreased to normal
      within 4 weeks. Serum estradiol decreased below early follicular phase levels
      within 7 to 30 days and continued to decrease to castrate levels. Light to
      moderate estrogen withdrawal bleeding was followed by amenorrhea with occasional
      bleeding or spotting in four women. Abdominal pain and dyspareunia disappeared or
      were ameliorated after 2 months of treatment. Resorption of endometrial implants
      was demonstrated by laparoscopy, and endometrial biopsy revealed atrophy or weak
      proliferation. Ovulation returned within 45 days, and two of four sexually active
      women became pregnant during cycles 3 and 5. The treatment was well accepted in
      spite of the expected hot flushes and vaginal dryness. Safety laboratory tests
      during and after treatment did not reveal any abnormalities. Reversible down
      regulation of pituitary/ovarian function using repetitive luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone agonist administration can be a worthwhile approach to medical
      treatment of endometriosis.

PMID- 6427020
TI  - Ovulation stigma and concentration of progesterone and estradiol in peritoneal
      fluid: relation with fertility and endometriosis.
AB  - The relationship between the presence or absence of an ovulation stigma and (1)
      the fertility status, (2) the incidence of endometriosis, (3) the concentration
      of progesterone and estradiol in the peritoneal fluid, and (4) the blood levels
      of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and estradiol
      in 21 fertile and 45 infertile patients who underwent a laparoscopy in the early
      (n = 48) or late luteal phase (n = 18) was investigated. An ovulation stigma was
      observed in about half of the patients, irrespective of their fertility status
      (past and subsequent), the presence of endometriosis, or the time of the luteal
      phase. Progesterone and estradiol concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were
      highest in the early luteal phase, but they were not correlated with the presence
      or absence of an ovulation stigma. No significant differences were observed in
      peripheral hormone levels between women with and those without an ovulation
      stigma nor between women with high or low concentrations of progesterone in the
      peritoneal fluid. From the data, it is concluded that hormone assays are of no
      aid in the diagnosis of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and that the
      absence of an ovulation stigma on laparoscopic examination cannot be equated with
      the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.

PMID- 6427021
TI  - Pituitary-ovarian function in mothers who have had two sets of dizygotic twins.
AB  - Serum gonadotropin and estradiol levels were measured in 14 women with regular
      menses during the early and midfollicular phases. Early follicular follicle
      stimulating hormone and, to a lesser extent, luteinizing hormone levels were
      significantly higher in a group of eight women who had had at least one set of
      dizygotic twins (six of whom had had two sets) than in a control group of six
      women with no dizygotic twins. Estradiol levels also tended to be higher in
      mothers of twins, particularly in the midfollicular phase. The two groups of
      women did not differ in age, height, weight, or parity.

PMID- 6427022
TI  - Endometriosis and spontaneous abortion.
AB  - There seems to be an association of first-trimester spontaneous abortion and
      untreated endometriosis. In this report, 52% of an untreated group of patients
      with endometriosis aborted. However, 12% of a second group of surgically treated
      patients and 7% of a third group of patients treated with danazol aborted.
      Therefore, either medical or surgical therapy for endometriosis lowers the
      abortion rate significantly.

PMID- 6427023
TI  - The varicocele.

PMID- 6427024
TI  - Medical hypophysectomy: I. Dose-response using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      antagonist.
AB  - The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can be "dissected" in a nonsurgical and
      reversible fashion by the administration of a potent gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone (GnRH) antagonist. We created a transient, functional lesion at the level
      of the pituitary gonadotrope by using a potent GnRH antagonist ([ Ac- pClPhe1 ,
      pClDPhe2 , DTrp3 , DArg6 , DAla10 ]-GnRH). In long-term castrate cynomolgus
      monkeys, doses of 0.05 to 2.0 mg/kg/day intramuscularly were administered for a
      total of 32 days. At doses up to 0.2 mg/kg/day, follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in circulation were only moderately
      suppressed; these subjects responded to an estradiol challenge by manifesting an
      LH elevation or surge within 48 hours. At doses of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg/day, FSH and
      LH secretion was suppressed to or below the limits of assay detection within 7
      days, remaining in a severely hypogonadotropic state for the remainder of the
      treatment interval. Using 2 mg/kg/day, estradiol-positive feedback for midcycle
      like LH/FSH surges was fully inhibited. This suppression of gonadotropin
      secretion was rapidly reversible, in that circulating gonadotropin levels had
      returned to pretreatment castrate levels within 60 days after termination of GnRH
      antagonist treatments. These findings suggest that potent GnRH antagonists can
      effectively create a hypogonadotropic milieu without the initial enhancement of
      gonadotropin secretion that occurs during initiation of GnRH agonist therapy.
      "Medical hypophysectomy" through GnRH antagonist administration may permit a more
      direct and controlled approach to gonadal therapies such as ovulation induction.

PMID- 6427025
TI  - Medical hypophysectomy: II. Variability of ovarian response to gonadotropin
      therapy.
AB  - In an attempt to control individual variability of ovarian response to
      gonadotropin therapy, ovulatory monkeys received either "pure" follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) or human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), with or without
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist administration. Among females
      that responded to gonadotropin therapy, the GnRH antagonist reduced (P less than
      0.05) the variability of serum estradiol patterns. Surprisingly, after
      pretreatment and concurrent administration of the GnRH antagonist, FSH alone was
      as effective as the FSH/luteinizing hormone (LH) mixture (hMG) in stimulating
      follicular maturation, even when serum LH levels were at or below the limits of
      detection. The results indicate that in a rapidly reversible hypogonadotropic
      state approaching a "medical hypophysectomy," concurrent gonadotropin therapy
      produces a less varied ovarian response. The relative (un)importance of LH in the
      primate ovarian cycle seems diminished in the face of evidence that FSH alone, or
      in the presence of vanishingly small amounts of LH, supports follicular
      maturation and dynamic estrogen biosynthesis.

PMID- 6427026
TI  - Chronic hydrocephalus and primary amenorrhea with partial deficiency of
      gonadotropin-releasing factor.

PMID- 6427027
TI  - Enhanced follicular recruitment in an in vitro fertilization program: clomiphene
      alone versus a clomiphene/human menopausal gonadotropin combination.
AB  - In an attempt to improve the pregnancy rate following in vitro fertilization and
      embryo transfer by increasing the numbers of embryos available for transfer to
      each patient, a prospective, randomized comparison of clomiphene citrate alone
      (50 mg/day, cycle days 5 to 9) with the combination of clomiphene as above plus
      human menopausal gonadotropin (2 ampules/day, cycle days 6, 8, and 10) was
      undertaken from January through April 1983, with 17 patients in each group. The
      combination produced increased follicular development, compared with clomiphene
      alone, resulting in the retrieval of more fertilizable oocytes. Two clinical
      pregnancies resulted in each group. These results show that a fixed combination
      of clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropin produces a greater degree of
      enhanced follicular recruitment, resulting in the recovery of an increased number
      of fertilizable oocytes. The lack of a statistically significant increase in the
      number of embryos transferred per patient in the combination group as well as the
      identical number of clinical pregnancies in both groups suggests that this
      particular combination of clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropin offers no
      advantage over the use of clomiphene alone for enhanced follicular recruitment.

PMID- 6427028
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human
      transferrin.
AB  - Twenty-one hybridoma lines were established, producing monoclonal antibodies
      against human transferrin and growing well in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse.
      Eight of these monoclonal antibodies were characterized. All of them are of IgG1
      subclass with K light chains. The only human serum protein recognized by these
      antibodies is transferrin. Individual antibodies and their pairs do not
      precipitate the antigen, whereas 5 of their triads yield sharp precipitation
      lines with human transferrin. These results indicate that different monoclonal
      antibodies of this series recognize different epitopes on the transferrin
      molecule and that these antibodies or their mixtures can be employed in binding
      and precipitation tests.

PMID- 6427029
TI  - Enhanced repair of O6-alkylguanine in mammalian tissues.
AB  - N-nitroso compounds and related alkylating agents react with several nucleophilic
      sites in DNA. One of the products, O6-alkylguanine, may be responsible for the
      carcinogenic effects of such agents as it can mispair with thymine during DNA
      replication, thereby affecting the integrity of the genome and consequently the
      repair of this lesion could be an important determinant in carcinogenesis. The
      use of both in vivo and in vitro procedures for the assay of the activity of this
      repair system have shown that it can be enhanced in rat liver by treatment with a
      variety of agents while in other species, the system is not only less effective
      but does not appear to respond to such treatments. Differences in the capacity
      and inducibility of this repair system may be related to the susceptibility of
      different species to tumour induction by chronic administration of nitrosamines.

PMID- 6427030
TI  - Structure of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA.

PMID- 6427031
TI  - Dental hygiene caseload in a chronic care facility.

PMID- 6427032
TI  - [Behavior of the phenol oxidase cell system after epidermal application of
      dinitrofluorobenzene in rats].

PMID- 6427033
TI  - Hemocyte lysate enhancement of fungal spore encapsulation by crayfish hemocytes.
AB  - Crayfish hemocytes exhibited a stronger encapsulation reaction to fungal
      blastospores of Beauveria bassiana coated with hemocyte lysate, than to
      blastospores treated with plasma or buffer, indicating an opsonic function of
      hemocyte lysate proteins. Five proteins of the prophenoloxidase activating system
      in the hemocytes were attached to foreign surfaces (including the blastospores)
      after activation and it is suggested that these attaching proteins (one being
      phenoloxidase) are responsible for the opsonic function of the hemocyte lysate on
      crayfish blood cells.

PMID- 6427034
TI  - Accessibility and cross-linking of native neurofilaments to chemical reagents.
AB  - Native neurofilaments were submitted to cross-linking reactions with bifunctional
      reagents (DMA, DMS and DSS) and to chemical reactions with sterically bulky
      reagents such as EEDQ and DTAF , as well as a glutaraldehyde-activated gel. The
      160K and 70K neurofilament proteins reacted slightly more than the 210K
      neurofilament protein with DMS and DSS. The accessibility of the three
      neurofilaments to the other chemical reagents was identical. These results were
      unexpected since neurofilament antibodies seem to react preferentially with 210K
      protein which is at the periphery of the filament, whereas the 70K protein, which
      is the backbone of the filament, is probably buried inside the filament. In the
      same way, it has been shown that the side of the 210K proteins are probably able
      to cross link the neurofilaments with non covalent and covalent bridges. Using
      different cross link reagents, we did not observe a characteristic reactivity of
      the 210K protein towards the different chemicals. We conclude that the three
      neurofilament proteins are equally exposed to the different sterically bulky
      reagent and that part of the polypeptide chain of the 70K and the 160K proteins
      are located at the outside of the filament.

PMID- 6427035
TI  - beta 2-Glycoprotein-I (apolipoprotein H) interactions with phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The binding characteristics of the human serum protein beta 2-glycoprotein-I,
      also called apolipoprotein H, with multilamellar phospholipid vesicles has been
      studied. It was found that beta 2-G-I is not or almost not bound to the "neutral"
      phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and
      sphingomyelin (SM). The negatively charged compounds phosphatidylserine (PS) and
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) interact strongly with beta 2-G-I. In terms of
      phospholipid concentration the binding to PS is about one order of magnitude
      greater than to PI. The binding capacity is influenced by several parameters such
      as the molarity of buffer, presence of mono- or divalent cations as well as
      ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA). Proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA),
      human serum albumin (HSA) or horse gamma-globulin (HGG) influence the binding
      also in a concentration dependent manner.

PMID- 6427036
TI  - Circular dichroism study of thyroxine-binding globulin derivatized with p
      iodophenylsulfonyl chloride.

PMID- 6427037
TI  - Bacillus cereus enterotoxins: present status.

PMID- 6427038
TI  - Developmental effects of a temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutation in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster possessing a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation that
      maps to an X-linked locus ( RpII215 ) (the locus has also been called l(1)L5 and
      Ultrabithorax -like or Ubl ) encoding a subunit of RNA polymerase II are fertile
      at 22 degrees C but become sterile when shifted to 29 degrees C. Homozygous
      RpII215ts adult females shifted to 29 degrees C lay structurally normal eggs for
      24 hr, after which increasing numbers of eggs are abnormal. Eggs left to develop
      at 29 degrees C die as morphologically normal late embryos or first instar larvae
      when produced by females maintained at 29 degrees C for less than 6 hr. However,
      eggs produced by females undergoing oogenesis at 29 degrees C for longer than 6
      hr develop abnormally, displaying holes primarily in their ventral cuticle and
      possessing an abnormal pharyngeal apparatus. As exposure of females to 29 degrees
      C lengthens there is an increase in the severity of these defects. Some of the
      eggs can be rescued by either mating RpII215ts females to wild-type males or
      shifting the eggs to 22 degrees C. The percentage of eggs rescued decreases with
      increased length of oogenesis at 29 degrees C, up to 20 hr, at which point they
      are no longer rescuable. The terminal phenotype of eggs that fail to be rescued
      by the above procedure is less extreme than that of eggs for which no rescue
      attempt was made. Holes in the ventral cuticle are reduced or absent, but pattern
      formation is disrupted such that segments are often missing, incorrectly oriented
      or fused. Because the RpII215 locus encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the
      developmental defects described above are most likely due to reduced or aberrant
      transcription during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. This postulated effect on
      transcription results, in part, from the maternal loading of a gene product(s)
      that is thermolabile in eggs.

PMID- 6427039
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ ions on the formation of metaphase chromosomes and sperm
      pronuclei in cell-free preparations from unactivated Rana pipiens eggs.
AB  - Nuclei transplanted into unactivated amphibian eggs are known to condense into
      metaphase chromosomes whereas those transplanted into activated eggs decondense
      and enlarge. We have made cell-free cytoplasmic preparations from Rana pipiens
      eggs which can induce demembranated Xenopus laevis sperm to undergo changes
      similar to those seen in intact eggs. Sperm chromatin which is incubated for 3 hr
      in unactivated egg preparations made using a buffer containing 3 mM EGTA is
      induced to form metaphase chromosomes. However, decondensed interphase nuclei are
      formed when chromatin is incubated in unactivated egg preparations made without
      EGTA as well as in activated egg preparations. When Ca2+ ions are added to
      unactivated egg preparations made with EGTA, the preparations lose the ability to
      induce metaphase chromosome formation and become capable of decondensing sperm
      chromatin. Once the ability to decondense chromatin has developed, either in
      unactivated or activated egg preparations, it cannot be suppressed by the
      addition of EGTA. However, decondensation of sperm chromatin in activated egg
      preparations can be suppressed by the addition of unactivated egg preparations
      made with EGTA. In this case, the incubated sperm chromatin is induced to form
      metaphase chromosomes. These results may indicate that the chromosome
      condensation activity of unactivated egg cytoplasm can be sustained in cell-free
      preparations when Ca2+ ion levels are kept low, but when Ca2+ ion levels increase
      this activity is lost and replaced by a new activity which can decondense
      chromatin. Since this change in cytoplasmic activities is comparable to that
      occurring in the intact egg following fertilization, these results suggest that
      Ca2+ ions play a crucial role during activation in altering the cytoplasmic
      activities which control nuclear behavior.

PMID- 6427040
TI  - Localization of aldose reductase in the human eye.
AB  - The presence of the enzyme aldose reductase is increasingly being linked to
      diabetic complications. The distribution of this enzyme in human cornea, lens,
      retina, and optic nerve has been studied using specific antibodies against
      purified human placental aldose reductase raised in both rabbit and goat. The
      antisera from both animals gave equal, specific reactions. In frozen sections of
      ocular tissues, significant aldose reductase localization was reproducibly
      demonstrated in the endothelium and epithelium of the cornea and in the basal
      cell layers of the conjunctiva. In the lens, staining was observed in the
      epithelium and superficial lens fibers. In retinal sections, the presence of
      aldose reductase was demonstrated in the Mueller's cells, especially near the
      inner limiting membrane. It was also found in some ganglion and cone cells. In
      the optic nerve, positive staining was observed in the axon. All other cells of
      the tissues examined revealed only weak, nonspecific staining.

PMID- 6427042
TI  - St. Joseph's unit-costing system: an effective tool.

PMID- 6427041
TI  - Glomerular polyol accumulation in diabetes and its prevention by oral sorbinil.
AB  - Although enhanced activity of the polyol pathway has been implicated in the
      pathogenesis of certain complications of diabetes, evidence that aldose reductase
      activity and sorbitol content are increased in the characteristic tissue site of
      the diabetic renal lesion has been lacking. We therefore measured polyols in
      glomeruli isolated from control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and assessed
      whether changes in diabetic glomeruli could be prevented by oral administration
      of the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil . Compared with control, polyol
      content of glomeruli isolated from diabetic rats was increased 10-fold and
      fourfold at 6 and 9 wk, respectively, after induction of diabetes, but was
      unchanged in glomeruli from rats treated with sorbinil throughout the
      experimental periods. In contrast, glomerular myo-inositol content was reduced in
      diabetic samples; this fall in myo-inositol levels was also completely prevented
      by sorbinil . These results establish that glomeruli contain aldose reductase
      activity and provide the first demonstration that glomerular polyol content
      increases while myo-inositol content decreases in diabetes and that oral sorbinil
      prevents these changes despite persistent hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6427043
TI  - Germicidal products: how to get the best $ value.

PMID- 6427044
TI  - [Budgetary constraints: how to achieve an equilibrium].

PMID- 6427045
TI  - Heinz bodies, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia induced in rats by 3-amino
      1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley CD strain rats were given 18, 35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day of 3-amino
      1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline by gavage for 2 weeks. Heinz bodies
      were seen in the erythrocytes of rats given 140 mg/kg/day. Dose-related increases
      in methemoglobin were found at 35 mg/kg/day or more. Hemolytic anemia was
      characterized by dose-related decreases in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and total
      erythrocyte count. Reticulocytosis, decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio,
      splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, increased serum total bilirubin, and
      icterus were also observed. This compound was found to oxidize oxyhemoglobin to
      methemoglobin in vitro, suggesting that the parent compound is capable of causing
      the hematological changes observed in vivo without conversion to active
      metabolites.

PMID- 6427046
TI  - Subacute and chronic toxicity studies of trinitroglycerin in dogs, rats, and
      mice.
AB  - Subacute and chronic oral toxicities of trinotroglycerin (TNG) were studied in
      beagle dogs, CD rats, and CD-1 mice. No adverse effects were seen in dogs given
      up to 1 mg/kd/day of TNG for 4 weeks, then 5 mg/kg/day for 9 more weeks. Dogs
      given 25 to 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days had transient and dose-related severe
      methemoglobinemia, while 200 mg/kg/day produced depression; dogs given 1, 5, or
      25 mg/kg/day for 12 months had transient and dose-related mild methemoglobinemia.
      Rats fed 0.1% TNG for 5 weeks, then 0.5% (230-234 mg/kd/day) for 8 more weeks had
      decreases in feed consumption and weight gain after the increase in dosage; rats
      fed 2.5% TNG (1406 or 1416 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively) for 13
      weeks suffered adverse effects, including weight loss, compensated anemia, and
      testicular degeneration, but they resumed gaining weight as feeding continued.
      Rats fed 1% TNG (363 or 434 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively) for 2
      years had decreased weight gain, decreased grooming, methemoglobinemia and its
      sequelae, cholangiofibrosis , hepatocellular carcinoma, and interstitial cell
      tumors of the testis. A decrease in the naturally occurring pituitary chromophobe
      adenoma and mammary tumors increased the life span of the females. Some rats fed
      0.1% TNG (31.5 or 38.1 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively) had mild
      hepatic lesions similar to those seen in rats fed the larger doses. No adverse
      effects were seen in mice fed up to 0.1% TNG for 3 weeks, then 0.5% for 10 more
      weeks. Mice fed 1% TNG (1022 or 1058 mg/kg/day for males and females,
      respectively) for 2 years had decreased weight gain, decreased grooming, and
      methemoglobinemia and its sequelae, but no obvious cellular changes as found in
      the rats.

PMID- 6427047
TI  - [Influence of temperature on tolerance of diet in intermittent tube feeding].

PMID- 6427048
TI  - [Short-term treatment of chronic recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with enteral
      administration of a mixture rich in branched-chain amino acids and energy].

PMID- 6427049
TI  - [Determinants of nitrogen balance during parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6427050
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations and retrovirus-like particles produced by in vivo
      transplantation in neoplastic brain cells of a Drosophila mutant strain.
AB  - The recessive mutation lethal (2) giant larva4 (1(2) gl4 ) of Drosophila
      melanogaster causes the development of malignant tumors in the whole brain of
      homozygous larvae. A mutant brain fragment implanted into the abdomen of a wild
      type adult female kills the host in about 10 days. Neuroblasts in situ in 1(2)
      gl4 larvae showed normal karyotypes, but, when cultured in adult abdomens for one
      transfer generation, about 10% of the cells showed chromosome aberrations.
      Subculturing the neuroblasts for four transfer generations showed that malignancy
      (i.e., lethality to the host) as well as chromosomal abnormalities increased with
      time of subculture. Many virus-like particles were detected in 1(2) gl4
      neuroblasts after in vivo culture, whereas no such particles were detected in
      1(2) gl4 neuroblasts in situ in larvae. These particles contained RNAs homologous
      in sequence to the DNA of the movable element copia. They were indistinguishable
      from previously identified retrovirus-like particles in cultured Drosophila
      cells. It is proposed that the 1(2) gl4 mutation reduces the genome integrity,
      resulting in transplantation-triggered genetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal
      abnormalities, increased transcription or replication of copia elements, and
      production of retrovirus-like particles.

PMID- 6427051
TI  - Host-mediated antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei in mice.
AB  - Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 ( LC9018 ) was studied in
      BALB/c mice by using two syngeneic tumors; methylcholanthrene-induced tumor (Meth
      A fibrosarcoma) and Kirstein murine sarcoma virus-transformed BALB/3T3 ( K234
      tumor). Administration of an LC9018 -Meth A cell mixture induced complete
      suppression of the tumor growth, while simultaneous injections of LC9018 and Meth
      A cells into different sites had no suppressive effect on the tumor growth.
      Administration of the mixture subsequently induced specific transplantation
      immunity to the challenge tumor, which started to be generated on about the 5th
      day after the administration and continued to at least the 30th day.
      Administration of an LC9018 - K234 cell mixture also induced suppression of the
      tumor growth and generated specific antitumor immunity. Neutralization (Winn
      type) tests showed that T lymphocytes possessed tumor cytotoxicity but humoral
      immune serum did not, suggesting that the T cells with LC9018 -potentiated
      antitumor immunity functioned in the suppression of the tumor growth.

PMID- 6427052
TI  - Effects of flavonoids and antioxidants on 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
      caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and tumor promotion in
      relation to lipoxygenase inhibition by these compounds.
AB  - The effects of flavonoids, antioxidants and related compounds on 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) induction, DNA synthesis and skin tumor promotion, and on epidermal
      lipoxygenase activity, were investigated using CD-1 mice. Morin, fisetin ,
      kaempferol and n-propyl gallate potently inhibited epidermal lipoxygenase
      activity, and esculetin , butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), alpha-naphthol and 2,3-
      dihydroxynaphthalene (2,3- DHNA ) moderately inhibited it. alpha-Tocopherol,
      (+)catechin, (-) epicatechin and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were inactive.
      Similarly, morin, fisetin , kaempferol and n-propyl gallate markedly inhibited
      TPA-caused ODC induction. Esculetin , BHA, alpha-naphthol, 2,3- DHNA and alpha
      tocopherol inhibited it less potently, but significantly. (+)Catechin, (-)
      epicatechin and BHT failed to inhibit or only slightly inhibited TPA-caused ODC
      induction. TPA-caused DNA synthesis was not inhibited by morin, esculetin , (+)
      catechin or alpha-tocopherol. The TPA-induced skin tumor promotion was markedly
      inhibited by morin and slightly suppressed by esculetin and alpha-tocopherol, but
      (+)-catechin was inactive. Thus, the inhibitory effects of flavonoids and
      antioxidants on the TPA-caused ODC induction and tumor promotion were roughly
      parallel with their activities of lipoxygenase inhibition. These results further
      support our hypothesis that a lipoxygenase product(s) is involved in the
      mechanism of TPA-caused ODC induction and tumor promotion.

PMID- 6427053
TI  - Immunopotentiation by a new antitumor polysaccharide, DMG, a degraded D-manno-D
      glucan from Microellobosporia grisea culture fluid.
AB  - The immunopharmacological behavior of DMG, an antitumor polysaccharide, was
      studied in mice. DMG administered ip or sc stimulated peritoneal macrophages to
      produce high levels of interleukin-1 activity, which can amplify successive
      immune responses. DMG dose-dependently and schedule-dependently increased the
      cellular immune response against allogeneic tumor cells and the humoral immune
      response to sheep erythrocytes. DMG also enhanced nonspecific antitumor effector
      functions, such as natural killer activity of spleen and peritoneal cells, and
      the cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages
      activated by ip or sc injection of DMG exhibited high cytostatic activity,
      especially after exposure in vitro to lymphokine supernatants containing
      macrophage activation factor. Moreover, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating
      activity in the serum increased 2-10 hr after DMG administration. Thus, DMG
      potentiated antigen-specific immunological functions and nonspecific functions of
      host defense systems against cancer both qualitatively and quantitatively.

PMID- 6427054
TI  - Isolated emphysematous gastritis in an infant.
AB  - A case of isolated emphysematous gastritis in a full-term infant, which is the
      fifth so far in the medical literature, is described. Predisposing factors, mode
      of treatment, and sequelae differ from the rare adult form of this disease. Of
      special interest are malnutrition as a predisposing factor in the development of
      this disease in infants and the very important role of intravenous
      hyperalimentation in its successful treatment.

PMID- 6427055
TI  - Role of antral mucosa in intestinal phase of gastric secretion in dogs.
AB  - This study was performed to investigate the mechanisms and significance of the
      intestinal phase of gastric secretion. With infusion of 10% liver extract into
      the duodenum of dogs, serum gastrin levels of the right gastroepiploic vein
      increased significantly (p less than 0.01). With infusion of the pH 7.0 liver
      extract, acid and pepsin outputs in non- antrectomized dogs increased
      significantly (p less than 0.01), as did serum gastrin levels (p less than 0.01).
      Post-infusion acid output in these dogs was 48 +/- 16% of tetragastrin-stimulated
      output. With the same infusion, antrectomized dogs showed no significant increase
      of acid and pepsin outputs and serum gastrin levels. Acid output and serum
      gastrin levels in non- antrectomized dogs that were infused with pH 2.0 liver
      extract did not increase significantly. The values of almost all serum amino
      acids in both types of dogs increased slightly, but insignificantly, with pH 7.0
      liver extract. We obtained the following conclusions. The intestinal phase of
      gastric secretion operates by the mediation of the antral mucosa, from which
      gastrin is released. Although this phase has some effect, the acid-secretory
      ability of this phase is masked by inhibitory systems under certain physical
      conditions.

PMID- 6427056
TI  - Energy sources for total parenteral nutrition patients: would sugar suffice/.

PMID- 6427057
TI  - Randomized trial of total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients:
      metabolic effects of varying glucose-lipid ratios as the energy source.
AB  - We studied 20 critically ill patients receiving ventilatory support to determine
      both their metabolic requirements and the effect of providing energy substrate
      regimens containing different lipid to glucose calorie ratios on whole-body
      protein economy. The measurements used included indirect calorimetry, substrate
      hormone profile, and whole body protein turnover by [14C]leucine. Measurements
      were done while patients were receiving all their nonprotein calories as dextrose
      ( D100 ) and were compared with results obtained when they received all their
      nonprotein calories as a combination of dextrose and lipid in a calorie ratio
      either of 3:1 ( D75 ) or 1:3 ( D25 ). To maintain euglycemia, exogenous insulin
      was infused by attending physicians not cognizant of the total parenteral
      nutrition regimen used. Energy expenditure before receiving total parenteral
      nutrition was only 4.6% above basal, and did not rise significantly during any of
      the regimens. The insulin infusion rate, plasma insulin, CO2 production, and
      serum lactate were significantly higher with D100 than with D25 , but not with
      D75 . Correspondingly, plasma free fatty acids were significantly lower with D100
      when compared with D25 but not with D75 . Despite this, there were no significant
      differences in whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown, or net synthesis
      (synthesis - breakdown) and, in general, the patients in all groups were close to
      zero protein balance. These data suggest that critically ill patients are not
      severely hypermetabolic, and that they can maintain protein balance with a modest
      excess of calories while using a wide range of fuel mixtures.

PMID- 6427058
TI  - [Contraceptive effect of low-dosage ovulation inhibitors containing various
      progestagen agents].
AB  - The decrease of steroid dosage in oral contraceptives resulted in a decrease of
      serious side effects with continued effectiveness. However, a increase in
      subjectively disturbing bleeding abnormalities occurred at the same time. The
      development of triphasic preparations was designed to eliminate these abnormal
      bleeding episodes by stepwise changes of the estrogen and progestagen doses.
      Compared to the low dosage combination preparation, triphasic preparations show
      often a persistence of insufficiently suppressed hormone levels in single
      determinations but not in mean averages of determinations. This could be an
      explanation for the reported pregnancies. In spite of these results, the
      literature reports rare failures during the administration of the triphasic
      preparations and additional factors could determine the contraceptive
      effectiveness.

PMID- 6427059
TI  - [Postpartum care of premature and newborn infants].
AB  - The most important task of the physician in the delivery room is the initial and
      continued assessment of the premature or mature newborn. The sequence of
      resuscitative efforts is determined by the respiratory and circulatory changes in
      the baby. The procedure is summarised in an action flow sheet. If spontaneous
      respiration is inadequate, artificial ventilation should be begun; if the heart
      rate remains below 80/min cardiac massage should be instituted. There are special
      indications for the intubation of the trachea and the tracheal suction. In some
      cases catecholamines and infusions are required. One must be certain that the
      necessary equipment is available and properly prepared.

PMID- 6427060
TI  - [Gynecological and endocrinological studies of thalidomide-damaged girls].
AB  - Gynaecological examinations were done for the first time in 32 girls, between age
      13 and age 18 damaged by thalidomide. 11 of the girls had primary amenorrhoea at
      the time of examination. 9 of these cases showed genital malformations. 7 cases
      showed aplasia of the uterus. A rudimentary uterus and a hypo-plastic uterus were
      found in one patient each. In 8 girls these changes were combined with
      abnormalities of the vagina, 3 cases had vaginal aplasia. 4 cases had a blind
      vaginal sac. 1 case had a urogenital sinus. Two patients had primary amenorrhoea
      without genital malformations. In the girls who had started menstrual periods
      none of the 21 cases showed genital malformations. Supplementary endocrinological
      investigations were done to answer the question whether functional disturbances
      were caused by thalidomide in addition to organic changes. The development of
      puberty can be diagnosed from secondary sexual markers. Our patients had almost
      all advanced puberty with more mammary development than pubic development. The
      menarche between age 11 and age 16 showed no deviation from the normal in our
      patients. 11 girls had regular cycles. The hormonal vaginal cytology in 28
      patients showed no sign of deficient estrogen. Neuro-endocrine maturation is
      responsible for the development of puberty. The basal secretions of FSH and LH
      increase. The dynamic functional test with LHRH shows the LH reserve of the
      pituitary which rises in a typical pattern. 14 patients had a LHRH test and nine
      of these showed a mature LH reserve corresponding to the index R2.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427061
TI  - Ecdysteroids during the third larval instar in 1(3)ecd-1ts, a temperature
      sensitive mutant of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive 1(3)ecd-1ts mutation (A. Garen, L. Kauvar, and J.A.
      Lepesant (1977). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 74, 5099-5103.) has been used in
      several laboratories to obtain Drosophila larvae deprived of moulting hormone.
      The development of mutants and controls during the third larval instar at
      permissive (20 degrees C) and restrictive temperatures (29 degrees C) was
      compared. Pupariation was inhibited when larvae were shifted to the restrictive
      temperature immediately at the second moult. The permanent larvae obtained
      remained active, did not leave the food, and reached a maximum weight superior to
      the weight of controls. Ecdysteroids were studied during the third larval instar
      by HPLC analysis and radioimmunoassays. A careful synchronization of the larvae
      at the second moult enabled the confirmation that at least one ecdysteroid peak
      occurs during the third larval instar, prior to the wandering stage in controls
      (20 or 29 degrees C). Ecdysone was then the predominant moulting hormone, whereas
      20-hydroxyecdysone was the main ecdysteroid at the time of pupariation. Low
      levels of ecdysteroid were measured in mutant larvae shifted to 29 degrees C
      immediately at the second moult but larvae completely deprived of immunoreactive
      material were never observed. Nearly normal levels of ecdysteroids appeared at
      27.5 degrees C. Feeding ecd-1 larvae maintained at restrictive temperature on 20
      hydroxyecdysone-yeast mixture for 16 hr triggered abortive pupariation.
      Ecdysteroid levels were measured after the return of the larvae to the standard
      medium; normal levels were restored 24 hr later. The mutant ecd-1 appears to
      present interesting opportunities for the detailed study of the hormonal
      induction of a developmental process during the third larval instar.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427062
TI  - Effects of chicken and mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) on in
      vivo pituitary gonadotropin release in amphibians and reptiles.
AB  - The ability of mammalian and chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) and
      their agonistic analogs to stimulate in vivo gonadotropin release were tested in
      a frog (Rana catesbeiana), snake (Naja naja), and turtle (Sternotherus odoratus).
      In the frog, chicken and mammalian GnRH were equipotent in stimulating the
      release of FSH and LH. Attendant increases in plasma androgen and the occurrence
      of spermiation confirmed the release of biologically active gonadotropin. Neither
      of the GnRH preparations or their agonists produced significant changes in plasma
      hormones in either of the reptiles. In light of comparable data for the actions
      of these GnRH preparations in mammals and birds, it appears that species
      specificity in the response to different GnRHs does not correlate well with the
      nature of the homologous hypothalamic GnRH molecule.

PMID- 6427063
TI  - The genetic analysis of a chromosome-specific meiotic mutant that permits a
      premature separation of sister chromatids in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - mei- G87 is a recessive meiotic mutant that increases second chromosome
      nondisjunction in both males and females. A significant proportion of the diplo 
      2 exceptions are equational . In females, diplo -2 reductional exceptions are
      usually noncrossovers , but, in equational exceptions, crossover frequency and
      distribution are the same as that found in the haplo-2 controls. The frequencies
      of nondisjunction are relatively low: 0.6% in females and 1.3% in males.
      Nondisjunction frequency is affected by environmental conditions (possibly
      humidity). The defect in mei- G87 , as in other "second division" mutants,
      appears to be a failure to maintain sister-chromatid cohesion. mei- G87 increases
      nondisjunction of only the second chromosome. This may indicate either a weak
      mutant with only the second chromosome being sensitive enough to misbehave or it
      may indicate that chromosome-specific regions responsible for sister-chromatid
      cohesion exist.

PMID- 6427064
TI  - [A population-genetics approach to the problem of nonspecific biological
      resistance of the human body. III. The ABO and rhesus blood group systems of
      healthy and sick children and their mothers].
AB  - ABO and Rhesus blood types have been specified in 2047 diseased newborns,
      diseased infants and children who died before the age of one, as well as in their
      mothers. 527 healthy children and their mothers were investigated as a control
      group. A significant difference in the ABO phenotype frequencies has been
      revealed between: i) healthy and dead children, ii) mothers of diseased newborns
      and mothers of healthy children, iii) dead children and their mothers. The
      significant increase in the incidence of maternal Rhesus-negative phenotype, as
      compared with the control group, was shown in the groups of diseased newborns,
      diseased infants and dead children. In the same groups, mothers differ
      significantly from their children with respect to the frequency of Rhesus
      phenotypes. The incidence of Rhesus-incompatible mother-child pairs in the groups
      of diseased newborns, diseased infants and dead children was shown to be two
      times higher than the respective frequency in the control group and the expected
      frequency. A certain increase in the frequency of ABO-incompatible pairs was
      revealed in the groups of diseased newborns and dead children, but the
      difference, as compared to the control group, did not prove to be statistically
      significant. A hypothesis was advanced to the effect that the mother-child
      incompatibility for Rhesus and ABO antigens may result not only in fetal wastage
      and haemolytic disease of newborns, but also in the decrease of child's
      resistance to diseases of different origin.

PMID- 6427065
TI  - Reduced requirements for long-term institutional care: results of a retrospective
      study.

PMID- 6427066
TI  - Modification of cell growth and longevity using an in vivo assay in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Beadex is a mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that causes premature cell death
      in the growing wing blade. The extent of cell loss can be modified by
      environmental conditions and by other genes. By strictly controlling the
      genotype, therefore, we can use phenotypic variation in the amount of cell death
      as an in vivo screen of the action that selected drugs have upon cell longevity
      and replacement in the growing wing. We found that drugs that modify membrane
      stability or lysosome activity often, but not always, had similar effects upon
      cell and organism longevity. Thus, the processes important to cell stability in a
      growing organ are partially separable from those acting upon the organism as a
      whole. Furthermore, Minute mutations that reduce the efficiency of protein
      synthesis and extend developmental time allow Beadex -related cell death to be
      compensated for by additional cell replacement or increased cell lifespan. Both
      time-span of developmental activity and the stability of cell membranes and
      organelles are therefore important variables affecting the makeup of the cell
      populations in an adult organ.

PMID- 6427067
TI  - [The use of fetoscopy in fetal therapy].

PMID- 6427068
TI  - A case of 'acute' Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia.
AB  - A patient with histologically confirmed malignant lymphoma of the non-Hodgkin
      type with lymphoplasmacellular hyperplasia showed clinical symptoms of
      Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia. A rapid and important increase was observed in
      the level of IgM lambda paraprotein possessing both cryo- and pyroprecipitative
      properties. This rise in paraprotein concentration was accompanied by a severe
      haemorrhagic syndrome. The course of disease was rapid; only six weeks passed
      from observing the first clinical symptoms to the death of the patient. The
      failure of combined cytostatic treatment allowed to conclude that the case was
      one of 'acute' Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6427069
TI  - Development and evaluation of the improved iron chelating agents EHPG, HBED and
      their dimethyl esters.
AB  - The phenolic EDTA analogues ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis-(2- hydroxyphenylglycine ) (
      EHPG ), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-ethylenediamine diacetic acid ( HBED ), and
      their respective dimethyl esters ( dimethylEHPG and dimethylHBED ) were studied
      in hypertransfused rats. Radioiron bound to these compounds was cleared mainly by
      the liver and excreted in the bile. After a single 40 mg i.m. injection, the
      percentage of radioiron removed from 59Fe-ferritin-labelled hepatocytes and
      excreted in the bile was 4% in untreated controls, 24% for desferral , 42% for
      dimethylEHPG , 58% for EHPG , 63% for HBED , and 80% for dimethylHBED .
      DimethylHBED combines oral effectiveness with superior chelating ability,
      selective hepatocellular action, and low apparent toxicity. It may represent a
      significant advance in the development of new iron chelating drugs.

PMID- 6427070
TI  - Activation of coagulation factors on the surface of platelets.
AB  - Platelet physiology and coagulation biochemistry have traditionally been studied
      and conceptualized as separate and distinct entities. This brief summary of
      platelet-coagulant protein interactions presents an alternative viewpoint which
      emphasizes the effects of platelets in coagulation and the effects of coagulation
      proteins on platelet physiology. These interrelationships are so intimate and
      important that any consideration of the hemostasis mechanism that fails to take
      them into account is meaningless.

PMID- 6427071
TI  - Factor V: a platelet cytoskeletal associated protein.
AB  - Platelet cytoskeletons prepared from thrombin activated platelets contain
      specifically associated Factor Va. We postulate that Factor Va associates with
      the cytoskeleton through receptors present on the platelet surface. The following
      evidence supports this hypothesis. (a) Prior secretion of Factor Va is necessary
      for the association of Factor Va with the cytoskeleton. (b) Reagents that
      inactivate Factor Va on the surface of the platelet such as EDTA and proteolytic
      enzymes also inactivate the Factor Va on the cytoskeleton. (c) The platelet
      Factor Xa binding sites (i.e. Factor Va) are quantitatively retained on the
      platelet cytoskeleton. (d) Platelet cytoskeletons prepared from platelets that
      are thought to be deficient in Factor Va binding sites contain 25 percent of
      Factor Va activity of normal platelet cytoskeletons and platelet cytoskeletons
      prepared from platelets deficient in Factor Va contain no Factor Va activity but
      regain control levels of Factor Va only when Factor Va is added to the platelets
      prior to the preparation of cytoskeletons.

PMID- 6427073
TI  - Mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil simultaneously enriched
      with saccharides.
AB  - Detoxication of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in samples of chernozem
      soil was determined by a biological test and the time course of production of
      14CO2, a product of microbial degradation of 2-14C-2-4-D, was measured during 38
      d incubation at 28 degrees C in the dark. Enrichment of the soil with glucose
      (1000 ppm), two exocellular bacterial glucan and glucomannan polysaccharides (750
      ppm), or a mixture of glucose with (NH4)2SO4 (C : N = 5 : 1) brought about
      acceleration of both detoxication and mineralization of 2,4-D (50 ppm) added
      simultaneously with the saccharides. Mineralization of the saccharides always
      preceded the degradation of the herbicide. The lag phase of 2,4-D mineralization
      did not exceed 3 d. In samples with saccharides the doubling time of the
      mineralization activity in the exponential phase of the process was substantially
      shortened and the mineralization of 2,4-D was accelerated even when the soil was
      inoculated with a suspension of soil in which microbial 2,4-D decomposers had
      accumulated. The extent of mineralization was not affected by the presence of
      saccharides (about 1/3 of the introduced radioactive carbon was transformed into
      14CO2). All saccharides had a similar effect which reflected an increase in the
      overall bacterial count and in the relative abundance of bacterial 2,4-D
      decomposers . The role of other mechanisms such as co-metabolism in the
      stimulation of the degradation process is discussed.

PMID- 6427072
TI  - Effect of aluminium and nickel on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus.
AB  - Effect of nickel and aluminium was studied on aflatoxin and lipid production by
      two strains of Aspergillus flavus in a sucrose-asparagine-salts medium. Inclusion
      of aluminium in the medium established an inverse relationship between aflatoxin
      and lipid production. At lower concentrations aluminium stimulated aflatoxin
      production, whereas at higher concentrations it stimulated total lipid
      production. Nickel at higher concentrations resulted in an increase in total
      aflatoxin production. However, no definite correlation was observed between total
      aflatoxin and total lipid production when nickel was included in the medium.

PMID- 6427074
TI  - Mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil previously enriched with
      organic substrates.
AB  - Samples of chernozem soil were enriched with vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid
      glucose, a mixture of glucose and (NH4)2SO4 (C : N = 5 : 1), ethanol and 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After a 6-d (with 2,4-D 35-d) incubation
      during which primary oxidation of the introduced substrates occurred, the soil
      was supplied with a solution of 2-14C-2,4-D (50 ppm; 6.7 kBq) and production of
      14CO2 (product of microbial degradation of 2,4-D) was measured. Previously
      enriched samples exhibited a higher degradation rate; both the lag phase and
      doubling time of mineralization activity in the exponential phase of the process
      were markedly higher. This reflected an overall proliferation of bacteria and the
      increased relative proportion of bacterial strains capable of mineralizing 2,4-D
      in enriched samples. The stimulation of 2,4-D degradation may involve specific
      adaptation and selection mechanisms (as in the case with samples previously
      enriched with 2,4-D or its structural analogues--aromatic monomers, ethanol) as
      well as non-specific mechanisms. The extent of mineralization of 2,4-D was not
      affected by soil pretreatment, about 1/3 of introduced radioactive carbon being
      invariably transformed to 14CO2.

PMID- 6427075
TI  - Mutants of Bacillus megaterium with altered synthesis of an exocellular neutral
      proteinase.
AB  - Germinated spores of Bacillus megaterium were mutagenized with ethyl
      methanesulphonate and spread on test agar with caseinate. Colonies with altered
      proteolytic zones or morphology were isolated and tested in liquid media. The
      mutants can be divided into four groups: A) those producing more proteinase in
      both growth and sporulation media, B) those producing the same amount of the
      enzyme in growth medium but higher amount in sporulation medium, C) those
      producing less proteinase in the growth medium and more in the sporulation one,
      D) those producing less or no enzyme. Clones of the first three groups were
      phenotypically asporogenic. All mutants producing more enzyme during growth
      retained their sensitivity to repression by amino acids. Isolation of mutants of
      types B) and C) supports the idea of differences in the control of proteinase
      synthesis during growth and during sporulation.

PMID- 6427076
TI  - Risks of occurrence of psychoses in relation to the types of epilepsies and
      epileptic seizures.
AB  - The possible existence of the risks of occurrence of psychoses was examined in
      relation to the types of epilepsies and epileptic seizures. This study consisted
      of two investigations: 1) A study of 879 epileptic patients was conducted in
      which the incidence of psychoses in the different types of epilepsies was
      surveyed; the result was that the incidence in temporal lobe epilepsy was the
      highest, being relatively higher than that of other (non-temporal lobe) partial
      epilepsies but not significantly different from that of generalized epilepsies.
      2) A comparative study was carried out on 96 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
      in which 48 were psychotic and another 48 were non-psychotic which served as a
      control group. The differences of seizure symptomatology between the two groups
      were compared. The results were that the psychotic group was found to exhibit at
      a significantly higher rate generalized tonic-clonic convulsion and compound
      seizure manifestations in comparison with the non-psychotic group. The results
      appear to support the fact that generalizing mechanisms of temporal lobe
      epileptic manifestations are closely related to a physiopathogenic factor
      influencing psychoses.

PMID- 6427077
TI  - Absence status: with special reference to the psychiatric symptoms directly
      related to the occurrence of seizure activity.
AB  - Six cases of absence status (age 4-40) have been reported from our center. The
      clinical and electroencephalographic features of 49 reported Japanese patients
      (including the cases from our center) have been analyzed and classified into
      subgroups. As a result, it was possible to classify absence status into three
      subgroups: typical absence status, atypical absence status and ictal stupor. In
      each subgroup, there were significant features in the onset age, history of
      epilepsy, electroencephalographic features and prognoses, and the cases of ictal
      stupor were least related to epilepsy. Consequently, it was mentioned that a part
      of psychiatric symptoms of absence status could be evaluated as transient ictal
      psychosis.

PMID- 6427078
TI  - Antiepileptic drugs and psychiatric disorders: mechanism involved in
      manifestation of psychic symptoms of high blood level of antiepileptics.
AB  - The adverse psychic effects of antiepileptics embrace all categories of
      psychiatric symptomatology, including disturbances of consciousness (delirium,
      confusion), psychotic state (schizophrenia-like psychosis, affective disorder),
      neurotic state, behavior and character disorder. Antiepileptic intoxication can
      take the form of a psychotic episode. The lowered level of consciousness due to a
      high blood level of antiepileptics is expressed as inhibitory symptoms such as a
      lack of initiative, psychomotor slowing, lowering mood, stuporous state and the
      like. Another group of manifestation of a high blood level of antiepileptics, by
      contrast, consists of salient positive symptoms such as irritability,
      hyperkinetic syndrome, hysterical symptoms, aggravation of character change,
      delirium and confusion. An elevated blood level of antiepileptics by itself is
      not sufficient to give rise to a psychiatric symptom, which is rather prone to
      occur in the presence of some trouble or problems (defect in intelligence or
      personality, fragility of brain function, organic brain damage, psychogenic
      factors) in the patient.

PMID- 6427079
TI  - Active oxygen and free radical reaction in Fe3+-induced epileptogenic focus of
      rat.

PMID- 6427080
TI  - Determination of methylthio and methylsulphone polychlorinated biphenyls in
      tissues of patients with 'yusho'.
AB  - The liver, lung and mesenteric adipose tissue of three patients with 'yusho',
      polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning, and two control persons were analysed
      for methylthio and methylsulphone metabolites of PCBs by gas chromatography with
      electron capture detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass
      fragmentography. The tissues were shown to contain two congeners of methylthio
      PCBs with four chlorine atoms, and 16 congeners of methylsulphone PCBs with
      three, four, five or six chlorine atoms. The concentrations of methylthio PCBs in
      the liver, lung and adipose tissue of the yusho patients were 0.1-0.5, 0.2-1.4
      and 0.5-1.0 micrograms/kg, respectively, and those of methylsulphone PCBs were
      0.3-0.7, 1.0-2.5 and 0.7-1.0 micrograms/kg, respectively. The concentration
      ratios of methylthio and methylsulphone PCBs to unchanged PCBs were 1-2% in the
      liver, 4-8% in the lung and 0.1-0.2% in the adipose tissue for yusho patients,
      indicating that these metabolites accumulate slightly more in the lung and liver
      than in the adipose tissue, relative to PCBs. The tissue levels of the PCB
      metabolites in control persons were about one tenth of those in yusho patients.

PMID- 6427081
TI  - The effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on the in vitro metabolism, DNA-binding
      and mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 in the rat.
AB  - Butylated hydroxytoluene pretreatment in the rat enhanced the total in vitro
      metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the hepatic postmitochondrial fraction (S-9) and
      increased the formation of aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1 and a metabolite
      tentatively identified as the aflatoxin-glutathione conjugate, the latter being
      the major metabolite produced. Addition of diethyl maleate, a glutathione
      depletor, to the incubation mix, reduced formation of the conjugate. No
      significant difference between treated and control animals was observed in the S
      9-mediated binding of aflatoxin B1 to calf thymus DNA. However, the mutagenicity
      of aflatoxin B1 in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was significantly lower in the
      presence of S-9 from BHT-treated rats than with S-9 from controls.

PMID- 6427082
TI  - Effects of saturated and unsaturated dietary fat on aflatoxin B1 metabolism.
AB  - Male Fisher 344 rats were fed diets containing either 20% corn oil, 20% coconut
      oil or 18% coconut oil plus 2% corn oil for 3 wk. A single dose of [3H]aflatoxin
      B1 [(3H]AFB1) was administered ip and the biliary excretion of aflatoxin
      metabolites and the binding of 3H to nucleic acids were studied. In other
      experiments the in vitro metabolism of AFB1 by liver postmitochondrial
      supernatants prepared from rats fed the different sources of dietary fat was
      determined. The major nonextractable aqueous metabolite of AFB1 was the aflatoxin
      B1-glutathione conjugate (AFB1-GSH). Variation in the source of dietary fat did
      not affect production of the conjugate, nor was in vivo binding of AFB1 to
      nucleic acids affected. Aflatoxin P1 ( AFP1 )--mostly conjugated--and aflatoxin
      M1 (AFM1) were also identified in the bile, and the quantities of these
      metabolites produced were unaffected by the dietary treatments. The metabolites
      recovered in the in vitro study included aflatoxins Q1, P1 and M1. The corn oil
      diet produced a higher microsomal cytochrome P-450 level than the coconut oil
      diet. Associated with the higher level of cytochrome P-450 was increased in vitro
      conversion of AFB1 to AFQ1 and AFM1, but not to AFP1 . The in vitro production of
      aqueous metabolites and the covalent binding of metabolites to protein was
      unaffected by the dietary treatments. The results of the in vivo and in vitro
      studies suggest that the formation of the putative carcinogenic metabolite, AFB1
      epoxide, which undergoes detoxification through glutathione conjugation, is not
      affected by the type of dietary fat. These observations further suggest that
      dietary fat, in particular unsaturated fat, affects AFB1 carcinogenesis through a
      mechanism other than by alteration of the metabolic activation of AFB1.

PMID- 6427083
TI  - [Isolation of islet cell transplants and their efficiency in various host
      organs].
AB  - Pancreatic islets were isolated and transplanted in various forms into the
      spleen, kidney or liver of totally pancreatectomized dogs. After proving
      viability the endocrine efficiency was documented. According to the histological
      findings the best results can be obtained by grafting intrahepatically . The
      impact on human islet transplantation is considered.

PMID- 6427084
TI  - Health insurance for the unemployed: is federal legislation needed?

PMID- 6427085
TI  - The financial impact of prospective payment on hospitals.

PMID- 6427086
TI  - The waning of professional dominance: DRGs and the hospitals.

PMID- 6427087
TI  - Inflation and health care prices.

PMID- 6427088
TI  - Plasma levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in alcoholism. Relation to the
      degree of histological liver damage, and to liver function tests.
AB  - In 101 alcoholic patients, plasma apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B, and lipids
      were studied in relation to liver function tests, albumin and bilirubin. As
      compared with controls, the entire population revealed a slight increase in
      triglycerides, transaminases and bilirubin, and a marked increase in gamma
      glutamyl transferase. The population was divided into 3 groups according to
      histological liver microscopy: no lesion, steatosis and cirrhosis. In group 1,
      apo A-I, A-II and HDL-C were significantly increased. In steatosis, apo A-I, apo
      A-II and HDL-C had almost normal levels. In cirrhosis, the 3 parameters were
      significantly decreased, but the apo A-I/apo A-II ratio was increased in relation
      to the predominant decrease in apo A-II. Liver enzymes were not discriminative,
      not even gamma GT, which was increased in all 3 groups. Apolipoprotein B, total
      cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were insensitive to the degree of hepatic
      involvement, but a low apo A-I/B ratio might be indicative of a cardiovascular
      risk. It is suggested that apoproteins and their ratios be used as new markers
      for the degree of alcoholic intoxication and the risk of cardiovascular
      complications.

PMID- 6427090
TI  - Intranuclear particles in non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6427089
TI  - Nuclear particles of non-A, non-B type in healthy volunteers and patients with
      hepatitis B.
AB  - In an electron microscopic study, nuclear aggregates of virus-like spherical and
      tubular particles measuring 20 to 29 nm in diameter were found in 5 of 7
      clinically healthy volunteers with normal liver histology, 6 of 10 patients with
      hepatitis B and 17 of 18 patients with hepatitis non-A, non-B. The incidence of
      hepatocytes containing nuclear particles was approximately 0.5 to 2% in all three
      groups. We conclude that these nuclear particles are not specific ultrastructural
      markers of hepatitis non-A, non-B in man as originally claimed for experimental
      hepatitis non-A, non-B in chimpanzees.

PMID- 6427091
TI  - Prospective payment for psychiatric hospitalization: context and background.
AB  - Retrospective cost-based reimbursement, incorporated into Medicare from the
      outset, has been the dominant mode of financing for health and mental hospital
      services. However, steadily rising health care costs led to the 1983 enactment of
      a prospective payment system for hospital reimbursement for Medicare, based on
      diagnosis-related groups. Many psychiatric hospitals and units are currently
      exempted from the system, but psychiatry and the health care field in general
      must deal with a number of issues, such as cost-shifting, quality of care, and
      adequate recognition of severity of illness, resulting from implementation of the
      system. The authors provide background for the prospective payment system by
      defining terms, summarizing the history of federal prospective payment
      legislation, describing three state systems, and discussing generic issues facing
      the health care community.

PMID- 6427092
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups for mental disorders, alcoholism, and drug abuse:
      evaluation and alternatives.
AB  - Under the new federal prospective payment system, 15 of the 467 diagnosis-related
      groups (DRGs) cover mental disorders, including alcohol and substance abuse. The
      authors compare these 15 DRGs with some criteria of an ideal patient
      classification system. According to their assessment, the DRGs for mental
      disorders pose no administrative problems, but are not sufficiently homogeneous
      within categories or heterogeneous between categories. The authors conclude by
      discussing their own attempt to develop alternative DRGs, based on such variables
      as age, marital status, and type of treatment as well as on diagnosis.

PMID- 6427093
TI  - The effect of hospital payment methods on the pattern and cost of mental health
      care.
AB  - The authors report on a study of the impact of a prospective payment method on
      hospital charges and mix of services provided to a group of Medicare patients
      treated for mental disorders in general acute care hospitals in Maryland. The
      study focused on per case reimbursement, under which hospitals are guaranteed a
      level of total revenue based on the number and case mix of discharges, and
      examined its effect on hospital charges during an index admission and on hospital
      and non-hospital charges over a three-month period following the index admission.
      The results suggest that per case reimbursement provides incentives to reduce the
      cost of one hospital stay, but this cost reduction is possibly offset by a higher
      readmission rate or by higher readmission charges. The authors conclude that the
      impact of the per case payment method on the total cost of mental health care
      over a specific period of time is insignificant, but that the payment method may
      influence the pattern of care.

PMID- 6427094
TI  - Prospective payment for psychiatric hospitalization: questions and issues.
AB  - Can prospective payment control the cost of Medicare treatment without seriously
      affecting the quality of care? The authors pose this question and then explore
      the new system's implications for the mental health field. Because psychiatric
      diagnoses do not adequately describe the reasons for hospitalization, and because
      treatment of mental disorders is not standardized throughout the country, the
      authors posit that psychiatric hospitals will have difficulty adjusting to a
      reimbursement system based on diagnosis alone. They also review four major
      aspects of the prospective payment system: efficiency, equity and access for
      patients, quality of care, and practicality. Other issues, such as prospective
      payment's financial impact on medical research and technology development, are
      also discussed.

PMID- 6427095
TI  - Light-chain glomerulopathy with amyloid-like deposits.
AB  - A 40-year-old man with rapidly progressive renal failure was found to have a
      lobular glomerulonephritis by renal biopsy. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed
      prominent glomerular deposition of both kappa and lambda light chains but no
      significant heavy-chain component. Ultrastructurally, electron-dense deposits in
      the mesangium and capillary basement membranes had a fibrillar appearance
      indistinguishable from amyloid. This case illustrates a "light-chain
      glomerulopathy" distinct from previously reported glomerulopathies associated
      with the deposition of light chains of a single subclass.

PMID- 6427096
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease type B.
AB  - The prenatal diagnosis of a fetus affected with Sanfilippo disease type B is
      described. The deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the cultured
      amniotic fluid cells was shown by a microassay enabling early prenatal diagnosis.
      In addition an increased level of heparan sulphate was demonstrated in the
      amniotic fluid by two-dimensional electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans. The
      latter result confirmed the value of this test as an adjunctive method in the
      prenatal diagnosis. The pregnancy was terminated and the prenatal diagnosis was
      confirmed by enzyme analysis of cultured fetal fibroblasts and fetal liver.

PMID- 6427097
TI  - Synthesis of mucin glycoproteins by epithelial cells isolated from swine trachea
      by specific proteolysis.
AB  - Mucus-producing cells were isolated from swine trachea mucosa by a method that
      included enzymatic digestion of the epithelial surface with Dispase, a neutral
      protease from Bacillus polymyxa, and differential attachment of the washed cells
      to culture flasks coated with collagen. Epithelial cells were the major cell type
      isolated by these procedures. Ciliated cells that did not attach to the flasks
      were removed by decantation , and fibroblasts were destroyed by the bacterial
      protease. The isolated cells synthesized respiratory mucins and the rate of
      secretion was increased about threefold when tracheas were exposed to sulfur
      dioxide. The cultured cells incorporated both [35S]O4 and [I-14C]N
      acetylglucosamine into secreted mucin glycoproteins. The secretion of
      glycoprotein increased for about 3 d until the cells became confluent, and then a
      constant rate was observed for a period of at least 7 d. This increase in the
      output of mucin glycoprotein during the initial 3 d of culture was accompanied by
      a corresponding increase in the number of mucus-producing cells in the flasks.
      The results obtained in these and subsequent studies suggest that the rate of
      formation of mucus-producing cells may be a rate limiting step in the regulation
      of mucin glycoprotein synthesis in tracheal epithelium. The chemical, physical,
      and immunological properties of the glycoprotein secreted by isolated tracheal
      epithelial cells were very similar to the mucin glycoprotein purified from washes
      of swine trachea epithelium. The purified mucin glycoproteins showed complete
      cross-reaction with antibodies to trachea mucin glycoprotein. They were eluted
      near the void volume during gel filtration of Sepharose CL-6B columns. The
      glycoprotein isolated from culture media under the standard assay conditions had
      nearly the same carbohydrate composition as samples purified from washes of
      trachea epithelium. Reduced oligosaccharides released by beta-elimination with
      dilute alkaline borohydride showed similar elution profiles during chromatography
      on Bio Gel P-6 columns. Taken collectively, these results suggest that the
      isolated epithelial cells secreted mucin glycoproteins that were very similar to
      those synthesized by the intact trachea epithelium under standard incubation
      conditions.

PMID- 6427098
TI  - Effect of Al3+ on electron transport catalysed by photosystem I & II of
      photosynthesis in cyanobacterium Synechococcus spheroplasts & beet-spinach
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 6427099
TI  - Analysis of the roles of immune interferon (IFN-gamma) and colony-stimulating
      factor(s) in the induction of macrophage anti-toxoplasma activity.
AB  - Lymphokine-enriched, cell-free supernatants from specific antigen-stimulated
      spleen cells of toxoplasma-immune mice lacking detectable anti-toxoplasma
      antibody could generate effective anti-toxoplasma activity within normal (non
      immune) murine peritoneal macrophages. Such supernatants also contained high
      levels of IFN-gamma as well as Ia-antigen(s) inducing activity. Supernatants from
      ConA stimulated normal (non-immune) spleen cells with high IFN-gamma, as well as
      CSF-containing supernatants from lung explants, lacked the capacity to induce
      anti-toxoplasma activity within peritoneal macrophages. ConA-stimulated spleen
      cell supernatants with high IFN-gamma titers but not CSF-enriched lung explant
      supernatants could induce the expression of macrophage cell surface Ia
      antigen(s). Based on the results of our experiments, we have been able to
      eliminate the direct (by itself) role of IFN-gamma or CSF in generating
      macrophage anti-toxoplasma activity. However, the possibility that molecules like
      IFN-gamma or CSF synergize together with other immune spleen cell-derived
      factor(s) in the generation of effective macrophage anti-toxoplasma activity has
      not been ruled out.

PMID- 6427100
TI  - J chain-positive cells in bursectomized chicks.
AB  - Using embryonic chickens treated with testosterone propionate, the effects of
      congenital absence of the bursa of Fabricius determined by the frequency of J
      chain-positive cells was examined in the spleen, thymus and bone marrow at the
      embryonic and newly hatched stages. J chain-positive cells in the chicks without
      bursa were reduced in the spleen. No differences in the numbers of the cells were
      detected in the thymus and bone marrow. These results imply that removal of the
      bursa of Fabricius cannot entirely prevent the generation of J chain-positive B
      cells. Furthermore, these results partly suggest the important role of the bone
      marrow in the proliferation of some J chain-positive cells in chicks without
      bursa.

PMID- 6427101
TI  - Purification of mRNA for immunoglobulin kappa-chains from myeloma and hybridoma
      cells using hybridization to immobilized complementary DNA.
AB  - The principle of mRNA purification by hybridization to an immobilized DNA
      fragment was applied to the isolation of mRNA coding for immunoglobulin kappa
      chains of mouse myeloma MOPC 21 and mouse hybridoma PTF-02. The DNA fragment
      comprising the 3'-untranslated region and a part of the constant region of the
      kappa-chain gene was covalently attached to diazobenzyloxymethyl-cellulose and
      used as an affinity adsorbent. A homogeneous 14S mRNA species was obtained by
      hybridization of total mRNA to the affinity adsorbent at 52 degrees C and by
      elution at 60 degrees C. Addition of the purified mRNA to a fractionated cell
      free translation system resulted in a significant increase in the radioactivity
      immunoprecipitated by pig anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies. A single
      radioactive polypeptide of apparent Mr of 25,000, corresponding obviously to the
      kappa-chain, was identified as the only translation product.

PMID- 6427102
TI  - Genetics and expression of kappa-type light chains in Basilea rabbits.
AB  - In contrast to rabbits of b4, b5, b6, and b9 allotypes whose serum
      immunoglobulins (Igs) are predominantly composed of kappa-type light chains,
      rabbits of the mutant Basilea strain have serum Igs that are largely of lambda
      type. We prepared several antisera that recognized a minor K2 (bas) light chain
      that is produced by Basilea rabbits. With these antisera we identified the K2
      (bas) isotype in the serum of the original b9/b9 male rabbit whose offspring
      displayed the Basilea mutant phenotype. It was present in one half of his
      nonmutant offspring which inherited b9 from him and another b allotype from their
      mothers. Breeding was conducted both in Basel and at the NIH to develop and
      maintain colonies of mutant Basilea strain rabbits. The data obtained during
      colony development confirm that the trait of expression of the bas allotype maps
      to the same genetic region (b locus) that is known to control the allelic b
      allotypes b4, b5, b6 and b9. Homozygotes or heterozygotes of b4, b5 or b6
      allotype (bb/bb) were mated with homozygous bbas / bbas rabbits to produce F1s ,
      and then F2s as well as progeny of backcrosses to both homozygous parental types
      (bb/bb and bbas / bbas ) were produced. The bas allotype segregates as an allele
      (or pseudoallele ) at the b locus although there was a deficiency in recovery of
      homozygous bas offspring in both the F2 and backcross matings to bbas / bbas
      parental type in the NIH colony. This selective deficiency may reflect a
      deleterious effect on survival of homozygous bas progeny.

PMID- 6427103
TI  - T cell Ir phenotype modified by excising primary antigen deposit.

PMID- 6427104
TI  - T-cell clones with similar antigen specificity may be restricted by DR, MT(DC),
      or SB class II HLA molecules.

PMID- 6427105
TI  - Insulin infusion in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6427106
TI  - Rhesus anti-E, anti-c antibodies as a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 6427107
TI  - Gastric function in marasmus.

PMID- 6427108
TI  - [3d Annual General Session of German and Austrian work groups for parenteral
      nutrition. Salzburg, April 1984].

PMID- 6427109
TI  - [Protein-sparing mechanisms of parenteral feeding. I. Principles and methods].
AB  - The first part of this review deals with the response of organism to protein
      losses in relation to basic conditions of healthy subjects. Then it is
      differentiated between the consequences of substrate shortage observed in fasting
      metabolism and the impact of increase losses of substance occurring after trauma
      or operation. This distinction seems to be important not only because of the
      different metabolic responses of organism but also with respect to the different
      quantitative aspects underlying rational assessment and use of clinical
      treatment. In the second part an overview is given concerning the possibilities
      of the measurements of protein losses as well as the methodical assumptions of
      their valuation. At this, such methods which can be used and performed in
      clinical conditions are placed into the foreground. It is pronounced, that
      protein losses measured can only be interpreted correctly, if the clinical
      situation of the day as well as the time course of disease are carefully taken
      into consideration.

PMID- 6427110
TI  - Biochemical and immunochemical analysis of Rickettsia rickettsii strains of
      various degrees of virulence.
AB  - Six strains of Rickettsia rickettsii from Montana and North Carolina were
      examined in an effort to identify rickettsial constituents associated with
      virulence. Fever responses, scrotal reactions, and mortalities of male guinea
      pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with 1,000 PFU of rickettsial strains revealed
      that the two Montana patient strains ( Sheila Smith and Norgaard ) and one
      Montana strain ( Sawtooth female 2) from the wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni,
      could be placed in the group of highest virulence, the two North Carolina strains
      (Morgan and Simpson) in the group of lesser virulence, and the Montana strain
      (HLP) from the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris , in the group of
      lowest virulence. The HLP strain was differentiated from the other strains by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by staining
      with Coomassie brilliant blue or with silver. The patient strains could not be
      differentiated from each other by these procedures. All of the strains apparently
      had three heat-modifiable proteins. Analysis of proteinase K-digested rickettsial
      lysates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested
      that the strains had a complex mixture of polysaccharides. These putative
      polysaccharides probably were not related to the differences in virulence of the
      strains, since the patterns for all of the strains were identical. At least five
      antigens (molecular weights of 128,000, 105,000, 84,000, 30,500, and 20,500) were
      demonstrated by radioimmune precipitation tests employing extracts from
      radioiodine-labeled rickettsiae and antibodies from infected guinea pigs. With
      these same sera a minimum of 14 antigens was detected in these strains by an
      immunoblotting procedure. The apparent molecular weights of several of the HLP
      antigens differed from those of the presumed corresponding antigens of the other
      strains. The electrophoretic techniques utilized in this study were not
      sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate compositional differences in the patient
      strains which differed in their virulence for guinea pigs.

PMID- 6427111
TI  - Proteins IA and IB exhibit different surface exposures and orientations in the
      outer membranes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Exposure of whole gonococci to proteinase K resulted in cleavage of protein I
      (P.I) of the organism in situ. P.I subunits in the P.IB group were cleaved into
      two membrane-associated fragments, whereas P.IA subunits were cleaved by
      proteinase K to yield a single membrane-associated fragment slightly smaller in
      apparent size than the intact P.IA subunit. These data suggest that P.IA and P.IB
      subunits are quite different in their surface exposures and orientations in the
      gonococcal outer membrane; P.IB subunits likely have both termini buried in the
      membrane, whereas P.IA subunits have one of their termini exposed on the surface
      of the organism.

PMID- 6427112
TI  - Immunologically related ketodeoxyoctonate-containing structures in Chlamydia
      trachomatis, Re mutants of Salmonella species, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
      var. anitratus.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Chlamydia trachomatis, Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus var. anitratus, and Re mutants of Salmonella sp. were shown to
      share related immunodeterminants , as demonstrated by double immunodiffusion and
      immunoblotting from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      gels. The cross-reactive material in the extracellular slime of A. calcoaceticus
      var. anitratus was shown to be released LPS. The Acinetobacter LPS was found to
      separate in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into three
      fractions. The cross-reactive component was the fraction migrating fastest, at a
      rate identical to Re-type LPS of Salmonella sp. The Acinetobacter LPS could be
      used as antigen in complement fixation assays performed on paired sera of
      patients with chlamydial pneumonia; it gave results identical to those of the
      chlamydial complement fixation glycolipid antigen conventionally used in such
      assays in 9 of 10 patients.

PMID- 6427113
TI  - Reaction of human colostral and early milk antibodies with oral streptococci.
AB  - Colostrum or early breast milk or both from each of 16 healthy women contained
      agglutinating antibodies for all normal streptococcal inhabitants of the human
      oral cavity (S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. mitis, and S. salivarius), including those
      which colonize the neonatal oral cavity in significant numbers. Agglutination
      correlated with the amount of immunoglobulin A (IgA) binding to bacterial
      surfaces as measured by mixed reverse passive antiglobulin hemagglutination.
      Surprisingly, colostral IgA agglutinated our control organism, Brucella abortus.
      Low levels of colostral or milk IgM and IgG antibodies also reacted with all of
      the test bacteria. Absorption studies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      showed that a proportion of antibodies in colostrum and early milk is specific
      for each of the different oral streptococci. Fractionation on Sepharose 4B
      indicated that 11S secretory IgA is the predominant form of colostral and milk
      antibody for all of the test bacteria, including B. abortus. No evidence was
      found that reactions other than antigen-antibody reactions resulted in binding of
      colostral immunoglobulins by any of the test bacteria.

PMID- 6427114
TI  - In vitro effect of the slime of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the function of human
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - The slime of Pseudomonas aeruginosa markedly impaired the in vitro motility,
      endocytosis, and phagosome formation of normal human polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils. This profound impairment of neutrophils, although without alteration
      of their viability, may contribute to the virulence of this microorganism.

PMID- 6427115
TI  - More about interferon cloning.

PMID- 6427116
TI  - Lead poisoning in inherited delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency.
AB  - delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D), respectively porphobilinogen
      synthase, EC 4.2.1.24) activity can be lowered by toxic, metabolic and hereditary
      factors. A 30-year-old painter was suffering from lead poisoning with an acute
      abdominal-neurologic syndrome and anemia. Blood lead was measured at 414
      micrograms/l. Urinary ALA and coproporphyrin excretion as well as erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin had increased extremely, whereas ALA-D activity in erythrocytes
      had decreased extremely to 8% of controls. Excretion parameters, protoporphyrin,
      hemoglobin and lead returned to normal after treatment, but four years later ALA
      D activity still remained diminished (30% of controls). An inherited enzyme
      deficiency was assumed and found in the mother, analogous to the subnormal ALA-D
      activity in heterozygotes of four other families. The inherited enzyme deficiency
      sensitized the patient to lead exposure and intoxication, which is a toxogenetic
      disease in this case.

PMID- 6427117
TI  - Concepts of fail-safe in anesthetic practice.

PMID- 6427118
TI  - Adjuvant and immunogenic properties of gonococcal R-type lipopolysaccharide in
      reaginic antibody formation in mice.
AB  - The ability of gonococcal R-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to function as an
      adjuvant and as an antigen in the formation of IgE and IgG1 antibody responses in
      mice was investigated. LPS failed to induce LPS-specific IgE or IgG1 under a
      variety of experimental conditions. LPS was capable of enhancing IgE and IgG1
      antibody responses to gonococcal protein (ZAB), but its adjuvant effect was
      weaker than that of A1(OH)3. The LPS-induced anti-ZAB IgE antibody titers showed
      a cycling phenomenon with time, but the IgG1 response was delayed and peaked only
      once.

PMID- 6427119
TI  - Studies on alternaria allergens. IV. Comparative biochemical and immunological
      studies of commercial Alternaria tenuis Batches.
AB  - The biochemical and immunological characteristics of a series of commercial
      samples of Alternaria tenuis were examined, including samples from two different
      companies. There was a considerable variation in the biochemical parameters such
      as the gel filtration profile on Sephadex G-100, isoelectric focussing pattern
      and immunodiffusion precipitin band pattern. The content and proportion of two
      high molecular weight polysaccharides, one a galactomannan and the other a
      glucan, also varied greatly. In contrast, the allergenic properties of the
      samples were more consistent. In rat IgE passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests,
      extensive cross-reactivity was observed among batches from the same company, but
      this cross-reactivity was weaker when batches from the two companies were
      compared. In direct radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) the samples showed similar
      reactivities, but RAST inhibition tests showed a 40-fold range in activity
      between samples from one company and 55-fold between batches from the two
      sources. It was found that the proportions of the major A. tenuis allergen and a
      related hypoallergenic antigen in the samples were relatively constant, hence
      RAST inhibition can be used as a measure of allergenic potency despite the
      presence of this cross-reacting antigen. The lack of correlation between
      allergenic and biochemical properties of the various samples suggest that a
      simple biochemical test is unlikely to be a satisfactory replacement for the RAST
      inhibition assay in standardizing A. tenuis extracts.

PMID- 6427120
TI  - The influence of age on Leydig cell function in patients with varicocele.
AB  - In a large group of patients with varicocele (n = 108, mean age: 30.9 years)
      Leydig cell function was investigated by determining the plasma levels of
      gonadotrophins under basal conditions and after GnRH stimulation, and by
      measuring the plasma levels of 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH-P), testosterone (T),
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (E2). There was a significant positive
      correlation between age and the peak plasma LH values after GnRH stimulation (n =
      48, r = 41, P less than 0.01). Conversely, an inverse correlation was observed
      between age and the basal plasma levels of 17-OH-P (n = 56, r = 0.47, P less than
      0.01) and T (n = 108, r = 0.27, P less than 0.01). In normals controls of the
      same age range (n = 46, mean age: 30 years) such correlations were absent. In
      patients with varicocele, the 17-OH-P/T ratio was increased significantly in
      peripheral plasma under basal conditions (P less than 0.01) and after hCG
      stimulation (P less than 0.05), and a similar increase was found in spermatic
      venous blood. This suggests that in varicocele patients there is some enzymatic
      impairment involving the last steps of T biosynthesis. In order to verify the
      influence of ologozoospermia on plasma steroid levels we divided the patients
      into 2 groups according to sperm count (more than or less than 10 X 10(6)/ml).
      Three analyses of variance were then carried out between these 2 groups of
      patients: 1) analysis of peripheral plasma T levels; 2) analysis of peripheral
      plasma levels of 17-OH-P and 3) spermatic vein levels of these 2 steroids.
      However, none of these analyses revealed any significant difference between the 2
      groups of patients. When we re-grouped the patients according to age (15-30 and
      30-45 years) the same analyses of variance revealed significant differences.
      These results therefore suggest that the duration of idiopathic varicocele per se
      influences Leydig cell activity.

PMID- 6427121
TI  - Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic left ventricular failure: does it work?

PMID- 6427122
TI  - The pathology of the heart following long-term anticoagulant therapy in elderly
      patients after myocardial infarction. The Dutch sixty-plus reinfarction study.
AB  - A pathomorphologic study of 30 hearts of elderly patients, who died during a
      double-blind trial to assess the long-term effects of oral anticoagulants
      following myocardial infarction, showed that all patients had suffered of severe
      and extensive obstructive coronary atherosclerotic disease. Eight hearts were
      obtained from patients who had received anticoagulants, while 22 hearts were
      obtained from patients of the placebo group. Complicated coronary arterial
      lesions, such as cracked plaques and coronary thrombosis, occurred more
      frequently in hearts of patients of the placebo group. A recurrent recent
      infarction was found at autopsy in 13 of the 22 patients receiving a placebo, in
      contrast to 3 of the 8 hearts from the group of patients receiving
      anticoagulants. The findings point in the same direction as the clinical trial,
      which showed a statistically significant reduced risk of recurrent myocardial
      infarction and, hence, cardiac death, but in the autopsy study do not reach
      statistical significance. The occurrence of grossly recognizable intraventricular
      thrombosis in 5 of the 22 hearts from the placebo group contrasted to none in the
      8 hearts of the anticoagulant group. Although none of these differences is
      statistically significant they all point in one and the same direction, viz.
      prevention of complicating thrombotic lesions following the long-term application
      of anticoagulants.

PMID- 6427123
TI  - The influence of lipoxygenase inhibitors on the in vitro production of human
      leukocytic pyrogen and lymphocyte activating factor (interleukin-1).
AB  - Leukocytic pyrogen (LP), the endogenous mediator of fever, is synthesized and
      released from mononuclear phagocytes following activation by several microbial
      and immunologically-derived substances. Purified fractions of LP also stimulate
      thymocyte proliferation and LP seems to be indistinguishable from lymphocyte
      activating factor (LAF) otherwise known as interleukin-1 (IL-1). In the present
      investigation, we have examined the effect on IL-1 production of drugs inhibiting
      both cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-mediated transformations of arachidonic
      acid (ETYA, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid and compound BW755C, 3-amino-1-3
      trifluoromethylphenyl-2-pyrazoline). Ibuprofen inhibited the production of PGE2
      from stimulated human monocytes but had no effect on LP and LAF release. ETYA
      prevented LP production from human monocytes when added to the incubation fluid
      prior to activation by Staphylococcus albus. When added after cell activation,
      ETYA was ineffective. Similar results were obtained using BW755C. Prostaglandin
      E2 (PGE2) levels in cell supernates were markedly decreased in the presence of
      either drug when compared to supernates from untreated, stimulated cells. Low
      PGE2 levels were also demonstrated in supernates of cells in which either ETYA or
      BW755C were added 1 hour after stimulation. Pretreatment with BW755C also
      resulted in decreased LAF activity in the supernates of mononuclear cells
      stimulated with staphylococci, endotoxin, or muramyl dipeptide. Other experiments
      demonstrated that crude or purified human LP retains its activity following
      treatment with soybean lipoxidase. These findings indicate that a product of
      arachidonate lipoxygenase is important in the sequence of events underlying cell
      activation for the production of human LP/LAF/IL-1. The possibility that LP might
      be an eicosanoid-peptide conjugate structurally resembling the leukotrienes was
      ruled out.

PMID- 6427124
TI  - In vitro prostaglandin release from guinea pig parenchymal lung tissues is not
      stimulated by thymic peptides.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGs) have been demonstrated to both enhance and inhibit immune
      responses. As several chemically distinct serum and thymic polypeptide
      preparations have been shown to stimulate immunologic reactivity in several cell
      populations, animal models, or clinical patient trials, we have investigated the
      capacity of these hormone-like products from the thymus and blood to modulate PGs
      generation/release in normal parenchymal lung tissues of the guinea pig. Several
      concentrations of thymosin fraction 5, serum thymic factor, tuftsin or
      thymopentin, as well as histamine or A23187 (as positive controls) were
      exogenously applied to parenchymal lung fragments in vitro, and supernatants
      analyzed for PG content by radioimmunoassay. No alteration in PG levels
      (enhancement or suppression) from basal (spontaneous) release was found. These
      findings suggest that during a 30-min incubation, all four polypeptide
      immunomodulators were ineffective in eliciting an immediate response in the
      arachidonic acid cascade via the cyclooxygenase pathway.

PMID- 6427125
TI  - The immunological and epidemiological significance of environmental mycobacteria
      on leprosy and tuberculosis control.

PMID- 6427126
TI  - Serological diagnosis of brucellosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis):
      comparison among complement fixation, serum agglutination and rose bengal plate
      test.
AB  - The results of a comparative study among complement fixation (CFT), plate
      agglutination (PAT), tube agglutination (TAT) and Rose Bengal plate tests ( RBPT
      ) to the serodiagnosis of brucellosis in Indian buffaloes are reported. Sera from
      212 buffaloes unvaccinated against brucellosis were examined and the CFT was able
      to reveal significant titres in sera with low agglutinating titres. From 109 sera
      which did not show agglutination titres in the PAT, four showed complement fixing
      titre greater than 1 in 200. All the positive sera to the RBPT gave complement
      fixing titre equal to or greater than 1 in 20. In sera that showed negative
      result to the RBPT the CFT was able to reveal relatively high titres. From 131
      sera negative to the RBPT five showed complement fixing titres greater than 1 in
      60.

PMID- 6427127
TI  - Evaluation of serodiagnostic methods for brucellosis among sheep and goats in
      Egypt.
AB  - A total of 1246 animals (778 sheep and 468 goats) were examined for detection of
      brucellosis using serum tube agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test
      (CFT) as well as Abortus Bang Ring test (ABR-test) have been conducted on both
      dairy ewes and goats. Eighteen ovine sera played positive serum agglutination
      reactions (2.31%). Out of the total 468 goat's serum samples examined, 22 (4.70%)
      gave a positive titers and 2 (0.43%) gave doubtful reactions. The reactors of
      sheep to the CFT was 2.44% and the incidence was lower in rams (1.63%) than among
      ewes (2.97%). Seven out of the 339 ewe's milk samples were positive to ABR-test
      (2.06%), 7 were doubtful (2.06%). Out of 354 goat's milk samples examined, 14
      were positive to ABR-test (3.96%). CFT was considered to be a reliable procedure
      for detecting brucella infected animals particularly in male more than the SAT.
      Among dairy ewes, both tests were identical in their results.

PMID- 6427128
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to Crimean-haemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in cattle in
      northern Nigeria.
AB  - A seroepidemiological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of
      antibodies to Crimean-haemorrhagic fever - Congo(CHF-C) virus among cattle in 3
      ranches with varying degree of tick infestation. Sera were collected from 1164
      animals and were tested by agar gel diffusion precipitation test (AGPT) for
      antibodies to CHF-C virus. About 25.7% of the sera had precipitating antibodies
      against CHF-C virus. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of
      antibodies between the ranches despite the varying degree of tick infestation.

PMID- 6427129
TI  - Assessment of catheter-associated infection risk with the Hickman right atrial
      catheter.
AB  - One hundred fifty Hickman right atrial catheters were inserted into 143 patients
      and were followed prospectively until removal. Primary indications for their use
      were: cancer chemotherapy (45), parenteral nutrition (35), antibiotic therapy
      (63), and miscellaneous (7). The overall catheter-associated infection rate was
      12.0%. Since the mean duration of catheterization was 125 days, the
      infection/duration rate was 1.0/1,000 days of use. The risk of infection differed
      significantly according to the primary indication for catheterization: parenteral
      nutrition greater than antibiotic therapy greater than cancer chemotherapy. The
      increased risk of catheter-associated infection attributable to duration of
      catheterization was additive, and the per day risk of such infections remained
      constant regardless of duration. Nearly two-thirds of patients were discharged
      home with catheters in place, without adversely affecting infection risk.

PMID- 6427130
TI  - Recurrent corneal erosions.

PMID- 6427131
TI  - Comparative study of glomerular filtration rate with diverse labelled agents.
AB  - Clearances of 113mIn-EDTA, or 99mTc -DTPA or 131I-iothalamate were compared with
      3H-inulin simultaneously in rabbits or dogs. The classical plateau method was
      explored followed by a second slope in some instances or by the single shot
      procedure in others. A two-compartmental mathematical model was always employed
      to compare and calculate. The study suggests that the diverse agents tested are
      handled following similar homeostatic trends and values, although the intervening
      membranes may act upon them individually with diffusion rates that may vary in
      relation to each substance, in particular at a given time interval.

PMID- 6427132
TI  - Gold nephropathy in rabbits using an indigenous preparation. A morphological
      study.
AB  - Experimental nephropathy has been induced in rabbits using an indigenous
      preparation of gold, popularly known as "Gold Kushta ". Proteinuria and
      associated renal glomerular lesions of variable severity were observed in the
      animals on Kushta feed and those injected with sodium aurothiomalate. In
      addition, a probable mechanism of gold-induced nephropathy is also discussed.

PMID- 6427133
TI  - [Cryptosporidiosis].

PMID- 6427134
TI  - Saliva for monitoring of patients with primary affective disorders.
AB  - The salivary composition and flow rate of 78 patients with primary affective
      disorders and of 49 healthy volunteers were examined. The former were divided
      into two groups: Group 1--57 patients receiving lithium carbonate and
      psychoactive drugs, and Group 2--21 patients receiving psychoactive drugs only. A
      significant correlation between salivary and serum lithium was found in patients
      on chronic lithium therapy. Significantly reduced salivary flow rates and
      elevated potassium, calcium, magnesium and IgA concentrations were found in all
      the patients as compared with those of the healthy volunteers. Salivary sodium
      concentrations were significantly elevated in patients on lithium carbonate as
      compared with the levels in patients on psychoactive drugs only. These results
      indicate that changes in salivary gland function may occur in patients with
      primary affective disorders and in those receiving drug treatment. The use of
      saliva analysis for monitoring lithium dosage is recommended.

PMID- 6427135
TI  - Subtotal ossification of the Achilles tendon. Case report.
AB  - The authors describe a case of subtotal ossification of the Achilles tendon in
      which the affected portion of the tendon was excised and replaced by reflecting
      down a portion of the distal aponeurotic tendon of the gastrocemius. The good
      result obtained shows that this is a valid method of treatment despite the large
      gap in the Achilles tendon after resecting the ossified portion.

PMID- 6427136
TI  - When suicide prevention becomes brutality: the case of Elizabeth Bouvia.

PMID- 6427137
TI  - Cost evaluation of control measures for indoor radon progeny.
AB  - Based on assumed conditions within a typical U.S. home, annualized costs for
      reducing indoor airborne radon progeny concentrations have been calculated for a
      variety of methods of control. These analyses were limited to methods for control
      in existing homes. Control through modified construction techniques was not
      evaluated. Methods assessed included increased air circulation, increased
      ventilation, particle removal using electrostatic precipitation and unipolar ion
      generation, and the application of sealants to room surfaces. Although surface
      sealants proved to be reasonably cost-effective per person- sievert dose
      reduction, such sealants are prone to cracking and the durability of their
      effectiveness is questionable. Use of ceiling fans for increased air circulation
      and particle deposition appears to be least cost-effective, but this method may
      be attractive in some cases for reasons of comfort. The use of unipolar ion
      generators appears to be the best approach from the standpoint of cost
      effectiveness. These devices are also easy to install and are esthetically
      readily acceptable.

PMID- 6427138
TI  - Cost analysis and facility reimbursement in the long-term health care industry.
AB  - This article examines costs and develops a system of prospective reimbursement
      for the industry committed to long-term health care. Together with estimates of
      average cost functions--for purposes of determining those factors affecting the
      costs of long-term health care, the author examines in depth the cost effects of
      patient mix and facility quality. Policy implications are indicated. The article
      estimates cost savings and predicted improvements in facility performance
      resulting from adoption of a prospective reimbursement system.

PMID- 6427139
TI  - The value of the prognostic nutritional index in the management of patients with
      advanced carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Nutritional status was evaluated in 50 consecutive patients with advanced
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Using a linear equation developed
      by Busby , the prognostic nutritional index ( PNI ) was calculated from the serum
      albumin, triceps skin-fold thickness, serum transferrin, and delayed
      hypersensitivity reaction. The treatment plan was determined by the patient's
      attending physician and complications were retrospectively evaluated. The
      patients were divided into three groups by the value of the PNI . The
      complication rate was not significantly higher in patients with moderate
      malnutrition ( PNI between 20% and 39%). However, with severe malnutrition ( PNI
      greater than 39%), the incidence of iatrogenic complications was prohibitive and
      12 of 14 patients were dead within 6 months. We conclude that the PNI is a
      simple, objective measure of nutritional status that will identify patients at
      high risk for therapy-related complications and early death.

PMID- 6427140
TI  - Endocytotic pathways at the ruffled borders of rat maturation ameloblasts.
AB  - Using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a soluble protein tracer, electron
      microscopic studies were carried out in order to analyze endocytosis in the
      ruffle-ended ameloblasts of rat incisors. Accumulated HRP was initially
      incorporated from the ruffled border into the cytoplasm by means of pinocytic
      vacuoles ( pinosomes ) and pinocytotic coated vesicles. The majority of the HRP
      was taken up by the large number of pinosomes , which then formed large
      endocytotic vacuoles by fusing either with each other or with preexisting
      endocytotic vacuoles. As time passed HRP accumulated, not in the pinosomes and
      ruffled border but in the endocytotic vacuoles and multivesicular bodies.
      Frequent connections between HRP-labeled coated vesicles and these cytoplasmic
      bodies indicate that these vesicles serve as an HRP carrier. These findings
      strongly suggest that ruffle-ended ameloblasts actively absorb soluble proteins
      from the enamel matrix during enamel maturation.

PMID- 6427141
TI  - Preparation of monoclonal antibody-ferritin conjugates of high specific activity.
AB  - 125I-monoclonal IgG anti-gamma chain antibodies were conjugated to ferritin using
      glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional reagent. The molar ratio of
      IgG:ferritin:glutaraldehyde resulting in the highest yield was determined. Free
      IgG was separated from IgG bound to ferritin by sucrose density gradient
      ultracentrifugation; free ferritin was separated from antibody-ferritin
      conjugates by differential salt precipitation. The IgF:ferritin molar ratio of
      the resulting product was 1:1.4, containing over 90% ferritin-IgG "monomers"; 70
      90% of the 125I activity bound immunospecifically to sepharose-IgG or aggregated
      human globulin (AHG). The product was used as an immunologic EM marker for AHG.
      Monoclonal antibody-ferritin conjugates prepared by this method should prove
      useful for quantitative ultrastructural analysis of surface antigens.

PMID- 6427142
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase is present in olfactory receptor cells.
AB  - A modification of Hansson 's histochemical technique was used to reveal carbonic
      anhydrase activity in mounted cryostat sections of rat olfactory mucosa, after
      glutaraldehyde fixation. A positive reaction that could be inhibited by
      acetazolamide was found in a population of olfactory receptor cells, whereas the
      supporting cells were negative. Axons of receptor cells were also positive and
      could be traced through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb.

PMID- 6427143
TI  - Lyme disease: prevention of the arthritis syndrome through early recognition and
      antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 6427144
TI  - Exercise performance with added dead space in chronic airflow obstruction.
AB  - Individuals with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) are thought to have limited
      exercise tolerance primarily because of impaired ventilatory mechanics. We
      studied the effects of added external dead space (DS) on exercise capacity
      [maximum O2 consumption (VO2max)], maximum exercise ventilation (VEmax), and
      blood gases (arterial PO2, PCO2, pH) in 22 patients with CAO [forced expired
      volume at 1 s (FEV1) = 0.96 +/- 0.41 liter]. Maximum exercise testing (Emax) was
      performed by incremental cycle ergometry. Patients exercised at base line (BL)
      and with DS (0.25 liter if FEV1 less than 0.8, and 0.50 liter if FEV1 greater
      than 0.8 liter), in random-order single-blind fashion. DS resulted in a 12.2%
      increase in VEmax (P less than 0.001); tidal volume increased (P less than 0.025)
      while respiratory frequency was unchanged. The VO2max and maximum CO2 production
      decreased (P less than 0.001) with DS. Arterial PCO2 at rest and at exhaustion
      increased with DS (P less than 0.001). The pH and arterial PO2 showed small
      declines at rest and at Emax. Thus, at the lower maximum work load achieved with
      DS, the patients ventilated more and tolerated a higher arterial PCO2 and a lower
      arterial PO2 and pH before stopping from dyspnea as compared with the BL exercise
      run. In contrast, the VO2max of nine normal control subjects was unaffected by
      the addition of DS. Although VEmax can be increased in CAO patients with DS, this
      increase is not sufficient to prevent further CO2 retention or a decrease in
      exercise capacity. We conclude that exercise performance is limited primarily by
      impaired ventilatory mechanics in CAO.

PMID- 6427145
TI  - CO2 rebreathing and exercise ventilatory responses in humans.
AB  - The relationship between the resting response to CO2 rebreathing and the
      ventilatory response to CO2 production during exercise was examined in 20 healthy
      untrained male subjects and in six patients with obesity hypoventilation
      syndrome. Patients were chosen because of a severely reduced response to CO2
      rebreathing. There was no correlation between the CO2 rebreathing response and
      the exercise ventilatory response in the normal subjects, the patients, or in the
      group considered as a whole. This lack of correlation could not be accounted for
      by differences in ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses nor by reporting
      responses as a function of a change in hydrogen ion concentration. The
      independence of the CO2 rebreathing response and the exercise ventilatory
      response suggests the CO2 rebreathing response does not measure the relevant
      parameters of ventilatory control during exercise.

PMID- 6427146
TI  - Lung edema due to hydrogen peroxide is independent of cyclooxygenase products.
AB  - Active oxygen species can cause lung injury. Although a direct action on
      endothelial cells is proposed, the possibility exists that they might cause
      injury via mediators. We considered that active oxygen species would stimulate
      the generation of cyclooxygenase metabolites, which then alter pulmonary
      vasoreactivity and cause edema. We chemically produced hydrogen peroxide by
      adding glucose oxidase to a plasma- and cell-free, but beta-D-glucose-containing,
      solution, which perfused isolated rat lungs. Addition of glucose oxidase to the
      perfusate caused a marked decrease in pulmonary vasoreactivity, accompanied by an
      increase in the concentrations of prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, and prostaglandin
      F2 alpha. Pretreatment with catalase, a specific scavenger of hydrogen peroxide,
      preserved pulmonary vasoreactivity, inhibited the increase of the concentration
      of the measured prostaglandins, and prevented edema formation. Indomethacin
      effectively blocked lung prostaglandin production but neither prevented the
      decrease in vasoreactivity nor inhibited edema formation. From these data we
      conclude that hydrogen peroxide impaired pulmonary vasoreactivity and
      subsequently caused edema. Despite the fact that hydrogen peroxide stimulated
      lung prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase-derived products neither caused the
      decrease in vasoreactivity nor the development of edema.

PMID- 6427147
TI  - Cyclooxygenase inhibition during phorbol-induced granulocyte stimulation in awake
      sheep.
AB  - In vitro, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) causes sheep granulocytes to release
      superoxide. Infused into sheep, PMA causes leukopenia, hypoxemia, pulmonary
      hypertension, and increased flow of protein-rich lung lymph. Lung lymph
      thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha levels rise markedly after PMA
      infusion. To see whether cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid mediate the
      lung vascular responses to PMA, we infused 5 micrograms/kg PMA twice in each of
      six sheep, once in the presence of sodium meclofenamate and once alone. We varied
      the order of paired experiments and allowed 4-7 days between experiments.
      Meclofenamate (5 mg/kg loading dose + 3 mg X kg-1 X h-1 infusion) given alone had
      no effect on base-line variables. Meclofenamate inhibited or delayed the initial
      pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia after PMA but exaggerated the later increase
      in pulmonary arterial pressure; it prevented any increase in thromboxane B2 and 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha after PMA. Meclofenamate did not affect the degree of
      leukopenia or the severity of the later hypoxemia nor did it prevent accumulation
      of granulocytes in the lung. Lung lymph flow was higher with meclofenamate + PMA
      than with PMA alone, but lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio was lower,
      suggesting that the main effect of meclofenamate on lymph production after PMA
      was related to the degree of pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that the early
      increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by PMA is mediated by a
      cyclooxygenase product of arachidonic acid, possibly thromboxane A2, but the
      later pulmonary hypertension and the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability
      are not the result of cyclooxygenase products.

PMID- 6427148
TI  - Effect of aging on ventilatory response to exercise and CO2.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the effects of aging on the ventilatory
      responsiveness to two known respiratory stimulants, inhaled CO2 and exercise.
      Although explanation of the physiological mechanisms underlying development of
      exercise hyperpnea remains elusive, there is much circumstantial evidence that
      during exercise, however mediated, ventilation is coupled to CO2 production. Thus
      matched groups of young and elderly subjects were studied to determine the
      relationship between increasing ventilation and increasing CO2 production (VCO2)
      during steady-state exercise and the change in their minute ventilation in
      response to progressive hypercapnia during CO2 rebreathing. We found that the
      slope of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia was depressed in elderly
      subjects when compared with the younger control group (delta VE/delta PCO2 = 1.64
      +/- 0.21 vs. 2.44 +/- 0.40 l X min-1 X mmHg-1, means +/- SE, respectively). In
      contrast, the slope of the relationship between ventilation and CO2 production
      during exercise in the elderly was greater than that of younger subjects (delta
      VE/delta VCO2 = 29.7 +/- 1.19 vs. 25.3 +/- 1.54, means +/- SE, respectively), as
      was minute ventilation at a single work load (50 W) (32.4 +/- 2.3 vs. 25.7 +/-
      1.54 l/min, means +/- SE, respectively). This increased ventilation during
      exercise in the elderly was not produced by arterial O2 desaturation, and
      increased anaerobiasis did not play a role. Instead, the increased ventilation
      during exercise seems to compensate for increased inefficiency of gas exchange
      such that exercise remains essentially isocapnic. In conclusion, in the elderly
      the ventilatory response to hypercapnia is less than in young subjects, whereas
      the ventilatory response to exercise is greater.

PMID- 6427149
TI  - Effect of puberty and estradiol on hypoxic vasomotor response in isolated sheep
      lungs.
AB  - We previously reported that in isolated lungs from 6-mo-old sheep acute hypoxia
      caused a greater vasoconstrictor response in males than in females but that this
      response in castrated males was not different from noncastrated males. To
      determine whether a gender difference exists before puberty, we compared the
      steady-state stimulus-response relationship of the pulmonary circulation to
      graded hypoxia in isolated perfused lungs of juvenile 2-mo-old male and female
      sheep. The flow-resistive properties of the pulmonary vessels were assessed by
      pressure-flow curves generated over a wide range of flows (0-150 ml X min-1 X kg
      1) at six different levels of inspired O2 tension (PIO2) between 200 and 0 Torr.
      The stimulus-response relationship, quantified by plotting the pulmonary arterial
      pressure at a flow of 50 ml X min-1 X kg-1 against PIO2 was the same in juvenile
      male and female sheep lungs. Furthermore, the responses of juvenile sheep were
      not different from those of 6-mo-old males and were greater than those of 6-mo
      old females. Treatment with 17 beta-estradiol (10-20 mg im) 2-5 days prior to
      perfusion significantly attenuated the response in the lungs from both 2-mo-old
      female and 6-mo-old castrated male sheep. We conclude that the gender difference
      in the hypoxic stimulus-response relationship observed in isolated lungs from 6
      mo-old sheep arises from attenuation in the female at the time of puberty. This
      attenuation may be mediated by estradiol.

PMID- 6427150
TI  - Gas-blood Pco2 and Po2 equilibration in a steady-state rebreathing dog
      preparation.
AB  - Alveolar gas and mixed venous blood PCO2 and PO2 were compared in a steady-state
      rebreathing dog preparation, during spontaneous breathing and mechanical
      ventilation, by a new null-balancing method that removes potential biases in the
      comparison of measurements in the blood and gas phases and includes an inert gas
      test to verify the equilibration between the rebreathing lung and the bag. No
      systematic PCO2 and PO2 differences were observed under equilibrium conditions.
      However, inert gas studies suggested that a high percentage of measurements
      obtained during spontaneous breathing were unreliable because of inadequate
      equilibration between blood and rebreathing bag (attributable to reduced
      ventilation or perfusion) and that all mechanical ventilation measurements were
      acceptable. The present data support the view that no PCO2 or PO2 gradients exist
      when the pulmonary capillary blood and alveolar gas are in equilibrium; the data
      also suggest that the steady-state rebreathing dog preparation may not be
      completely stable and that the time course of PCO2 and PO2 in the rebreathing bag
      may not be reliable as a means of assessing the equilibration between blood and
      bag.

PMID- 6427151
TI  - Metabolic availability of glucose ingested 3 h before prolonged exercise in
      humans.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which an oral load
      of glucose ingested 3 h before a 4-h exercise bout of moderate intensity
      represents an energy source readily available during that exercise. Therefore,
      five healthy male volunteers drank 100 g of naturally labeled [13C]glucose
      dissolved in 400 ml of water, rested for 3 h, and then exercised on a treadmill
      for the next 4 h at about 45% of their individual maximum O2 consumption. Total
      glucose oxidation was derived from nonprotein respiratory quotient and exogenous
      glucose oxidation evaluated by the 13C methodology as previously described. Total
      carbohydrate oxidation averaged 285 +/- 17 g during the 7 h of the test, the
      global amount of carbohydrate oxidized during the exercising period was 253.1 +/-
      16.9 g/4 h. Exogenous glucose oxidation averaged 11.3 +/- 0.7 g during the 3-h
      period of rest and increased markedly after the beginning of exercise, reaching
      18.9 +/- 2.2 g/30 min during the first 30 min of exercise; the total amount of
      exogenous glucose oxidized during the 4 h of exercise was 67.5 +/- 9.4 g.
      Throughout the whole period of exercise, blood glucose concentrations remained
      between 3.5 and 4.0 mmol/l. Exercise induced a major fall in plasma insulin
      levels that reached undetectable values after 3 and 4 h, whereas plasma glucagon
      levels tended to rise, but their level never significantly exceeded the basal
      values; plasma free fatty acids and glycerol increased markedly during
      exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427152
TI  - Role of VCO2 in control of breathing of awake exercising dogs.
AB  - Steady-state ventilatory responses to CO2 inhalation, intravenous CO2 loading
      (loading), and intravenous CO2 unloading (unloading) were measured in chronic
      awake dogs while they exercised on an air-conditioned treadmill at 3 mph and 0%
      grade. End-tidal PO2 was maintained at control levels by manipulation of inspired
      gas. Responses obtained in three dogs demonstrated that the response to CO2
      loading [average increase in CO2 output (Vco2) of 216 ml/min or 35%] was a
      hypercapnic hyperpnea in every instance. Also, the response to CO2 unloading
      [average decrease in Vco2 of 90 ml/min or 15% decrease] was a hypocapnic hypopnea
      in every case. Also, the analysis of the data by directional statistics indicates
      that there was no difference in the slopes of the responses (change in expiratory
      ventilation divided by change in arterial Pco2) for loading, unloading, and
      inhalation. These results indicate that the increased CO2 flow to the lung that
      occurs in exercise does not provide a direct signal to the respiratory controller
      that accounts for the exercise hyperpnea. Therefore, other mechanisms must be
      important in the regulation of ventilation during exercise.

PMID- 6427153
TI  - Ventilatory response to hypercapnia during sleep and wakefulness in cats.
AB  - Eucapnic breathing and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia were studied in seven
      cats during sleep and wakefulness. No significant differences were found in
      minute ventilation (VE), alveolar ventilation (VA), or alveolar PCO2 (PACO2)
      between wakefulness (W) and non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, but VA and VE
      were less during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep than W, and PACO2 declined during
      REM compared with NREM. To test the hypercapnic response, cats were required to
      rebreathe from a bag containing 6% CO2 and 94% O2 (to eliminate the hypoxic
      response). The response curve was displaced to the right during NREM and REM; the
      slope was reduced only during REM to a value about 75% of W and NREM. Eye
      movements, quantifying phasic REM, were only slightly correlated (negatively)
      with the deviation of ventilation from the response curve. The hypercapnic
      response was diminished, not eliminated, during REM, even during phasic REM. The
      reduced slope arose principally from the failure of the expiratory time to
      shorten with hypercapnia as during W and NREM. The cat's hypercapnic response
      compared with the dog's, measured by others with the same methodology, suggests
      that differences between species may be more crucial than methodology in
      explaining earlier contradictory results.

PMID- 6427154
TI  - Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on systemic vasculature.
AB  - Effects of hypoxic hypoxia (HH) on cardiac output (CO), CO distribution, arterial
      and venous pressure-flow curves, vascular compliance, vascular time constant
      (tau), and resistance to venous return (RVR) were evaluated on six dogs. The
      vascular bed was isolated into four compartments depending on venous drainage:
      superior vena cava (SVC), splanchnic, renal and adrenal, and the remainder of the
      inferior vena cava (IVC). Low arterial O2 content and PO2 produced a threefold
      increase in CO at the same mean arterial pressure and a significant
      redistribution of CO to the SVC. Arterial pressure-flow curves decreased their
      slope (i.e., flow resistance) by a factor of two in the IVC and renal beds and by
      a factor of three in the splanchnic and SVC beds. Venous pressure-flow curves for
      the animal also decreased their slope significantly. HH causes a twofold increase
      in venous compliance and in mean venous pressure; tau did not change, but RVR
      halved. Seventy percent of the CO increase is explained by the increase in mean
      venous pressure and 30% by the reduction in RVR.

PMID- 6427155
TI  - Mechanism of hyperpnea induced by changes in pulmonary blood flow.
AB  - Increases in pulmonary blood flow can elicit hyperpnea. To examine the mechanisms
      responsible, we surgically isolated the systemic and pulmonary circulations in
      six dogs and independently controlled PCO2, PO2, and blood flow in each circuit.
      Anesthesia was induced with ketamine and maintained with halothane. Systemic
      venous return was drained from the right atrium and passed through a membrane
      oxygenator and heat exchanger; blood was returned to the ascending aorta (Qs). An
      identical bypass was established for the pulmonary circulation, draining blood
      from the left atrium and returning it to the pulmonary artery (Qp). The lungs
      were initially ventilated with room air. Qs and systemic arterial CO2 gas tension
      were maintained at approximately 0.080 1 X min-1 X kg-1 and 40 Torr,
      respectively. Pulmonary arterial CO2 gas tension was set near 55 Torr, and Qp
      varied. Ventilatory drive was assessed by minute integration (MI) of the activity
      recorded from the central end of the left C5 root of the phrenic nerve. MI
      increased as much as 160% above control as Qp was increased over the range of
      0.025 (control) to 0.175 1 X min-1 X kg-1. When pulmonary CO2 gradients were
      eliminated by a rebreathing technique, MI was independent of Qp. These results
      suggest that CO2-sensitive pulmonary receptors respond to the change in pulmonary
      PCO2 gradients which occur when Qp is elevated (breathing room air) augmenting
      ventilation.

PMID- 6427156
TI  - Effect of O2, N2, and CO2 composition on nonlinearity of Fleisch pneumotachograph
      characteristics.
AB  - Although the Fleisch pneumotachograph has many advantages, its flow-conductance
      characteristics are nonlinear and sensitive to changes in gas composition. The
      purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different O2, N2, and CO2
      compositions on the nonlinearity of the Fleisch pneumotachograph flow-conductance
      characteristics, by use of a recently developed computerized calibration method.
      Hospital-grade O2 was mixed with room air to obtain seven gas mixtures
      (containing O2 percentages of 20.9, 28.3, 38.7, 52.8, 66.7, 78.7, and 99.6%).
      Within the accuracy of the applied method, the measured flow-conductance curves
      of the pneumotachograph had the same shape. Relative flow resistance of gas
      mixtures to room air was directly proportional to their O2 composition. Two O2-N2
      CO2 mixtures were also tested. Their relative flow resistance compared with room
      air was proportional to the viscosity ratios. We concluded that the change in O2,
      N2, and CO2 composition does not affect the nonlinearity of the Fleisch
      pneumotachograph flow-conductance characteristics. However, the relative flow
      resistance compared with room air does change in a predictable way.

PMID- 6427157
TI  - Skin gas tensions and resistances measured by mass spectrometry in adults.
AB  - We used a dual-sampling chamber 2.5 cm in diameter, controlled by an Apple II
      microcomputer, to measure gas tensions in the skin of adults by mass
      spectrometry. The tensions of O2, CO2, N2, and water vapor and the resistances to
      the flows of gases through the skin were calculated from the voltages for the
      different gases passing through two separate membranes of different permeability.
      We compared the skin O2 and CO2 tensions with arterial values in 13 patients with
      lung disease during a standardized exercise test. The skin values followed
      changes in the arterial values. The regression line relating skin to arterial O2
      tension had a slope of 1.05 and that for CO2 a slope of 1.51. We conclude that
      mass spectrometry is capable of providing measurements of gas tension from the
      heated skin that are similar to those found using electrochemical methods in
      adults.

PMID- 6427158
TI  - Automatic mechanical alveolar gas sampler for multiple-sample collection in
      field.
AB  - A mechanical alveolar gas sampler using the revolver principle capable of
      collecting six individual expired gas samples is described. The 0.91-kg sampler
      collects 19-ml samples in pre-evacuated aluminum ampoules equipped with spring
      loaded valves from a sampling chamber equipped with two removable one-way valves.
      On depression of external handles, one of six ampoules located in a removable
      cartridge is aligned and advanced into the sampling chamber where its valve is
      opened and then closed. Releasing the handles removes the ampoule from the
      sampling chamber and automatically rotates the cartridge through 60 degrees to
      position a new ampoule in preparation for the next sampling sequence. A lock-out
      mechanism prevents reexposure of any of the ampoules after six samples have been
      taken. The performance of the sampler is described including its successful use
      in the field to collect alveolar gas samples on the summit of Mount Everest.

PMID- 6427159
TI  - Nonclinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis in a dairy herd.
AB  - Atypical Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis in a dairy herd was characterized by
      nonclinical mastitis that responded to antibiotic treatment, but only for the
      cows to become reinfected because of a persisting source of contamination in the
      milking parlor wash water. At least 36% of the cows were infected during a 37
      month period. The source of infection was contaminated water, wash hoses, and
      spray nozzles in the parlor. After the source of infection was removed and long
      term control measures were instituted, the nonclinical infections became less
      severe and shorter in duration and they occurred for a lesser percentage of the
      lactation period.

PMID- 6427160
TI  - Orthovoltage radiotherapy of acanthomatous epulides in 39 dogs.
AB  - Acanthomatous epulides in 39 dogs were treated with orthovoltage x-rays. The
      acanthomatous epulis recurred in only 3 dogs, 2 of which were successfully
      retreated with x-rays. Malignant tumors other than acanthomatous epulis developed
      at the site of the irradiated acanthomatous epulis in 7 of the dogs. Five of the
      tumors were squamous cell carcinoma, one was a fibrosarcoma, and one was an
      osteosarcoma. The range of survival times (1 to 102 months), mean survival time
      (38 months), median survival time (37 months), 1-year survival rate (85%), and 2
      year survival rate (67%) were encouraging and suggested that the described
      treatment was satisfactory for acanthomatous epulides. Cause of death in most
      dogs was not related to the acanthomatous epulis.

PMID- 6427161
TI  - Clinical management of lead poisoning.

PMID- 6427162
TI  - Congenital ocular defects in a crossbred beef herd.

PMID- 6427163
TI  - [R-(Z)]-4-amino-3-chloro-2-pentenedioic acid, a new antibiotic. Fermentation,
      isolation and characterization.
AB  - A new unsaturated glutamic acid analog, 4-amino-3-chloro-2-pentenedioic acid (
      ACPA ) was isolated from a fermentation broth produced by a strain of
      Streptomyces. ACPA has a very narrow antibacterial spectrum, which is virtually
      limited to Micrococcus luteus.

PMID- 6427164
TI  - Relevance of in vitro antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetic properties of
      antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics to their therapeutic effects on urinary
      tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa P 9 in mice.
AB  - The therapeutic effects of seven antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics on
      experimental urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa P 9 in mice
      were compared, and the results were analyzed in relation to their in vitro
      antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetic properties. The CD50 values were
      (mg/kg): cefsulodin, 6.19; cefoperazone, 162; sulbenicillin, 167; ticarcillin,
      184; azlocillin, 121; mezlocillin, 390; and piperacillin, 227. Cefsulodin was
      more active than the other antibiotics not only in therapeutic effects but also
      in in vitro antibacterial effects evaluated according to growth inhibitory,
      bactericidal, and bacteriolytic activities. It also penetrated and persisted well
      in the kidney of mice. The therapeutic effects of cefoperazone, azlocillin, and
      piperacillin were much less than expected from their in vitro antibacterial
      activities; the CD50 values were more than 18-fold as large as that of
      cefsulodin, whereas the differences of their MIC values were less than four-fold.

PMID- 6427165
TI  - A novel character of acylaminobenzylpenicillin apalcillin, in binding to
      penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6427166
TI  - Segmental motion in pseudomonic acid A: a carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation time
      study at two field strengths.
AB  - The mobility of pseudomonic acid A in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 solution has been
      determined from 13C spin-lattice relaxation time measurements at two field
      strengths. The central tetrahydropyran ring reorientates isotropically with a
      rotational correlation time of approximately 280 picoseconds/ radian . Both side
      chains exhibit marked segmental motion with correlation times decreasing to only
      approximately 50 picoseconds/ radian at the end of the nonanoic acid side-chain.

PMID- 6427167
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of imipenem (N-formimidoylthienamycin) in
      vitro: binding to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Escherichia coli and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and inhibition of enzyme activities due to the PBPs in E.
      coli.
AB  - The binding affinities of imipenem (N- formimidoylthienamycin ) to penicillin
      binding proteins ( PBSs ) of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      determined by two different methods in which competition with
      [14C]benzylpenicillin for the binding sites was measured. By both methods
      imipenem was shown to have very high binding affinities to PBPs-2 and -4 in E.
      coli and P. aeruginosa, and appreciable affinities to most of their other major
      PBPs. But higher concentrations of imipenem were required for binding to the PBPs
      3 in these bacteria. More direct information about the antibacterial activity of
      imipenem was obtained by measuring its inhibition of the peptidoglycan-synthetic
      enzyme activities of E. coli PBPs. The results of enzyme inhibitions were
      compatible with those obtained in binding experiments. The antibiotic inhibited
      the transpeptidase activities of PBPs-1A, -1B and -2, and the D-alanine
      carboxypeptidase activities of PBPs-4 and -5. The antibiotic also seemed to cause
      strong inhibition of the transglycosylase activity of PBP-1A by some unknown
      mechanism. It inhibited the transpeptidase activity of PBP-3 only weakly, which
      is consistent with the findings that it had low binding affinity to PBP-3 and did
      not inhibit septum formation by the cells.

PMID- 6427168
TI  - Diprotins A and B, inhibitors of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, produced by
      bacteria.

PMID- 6427169
TI  - Pituitary-testicular responses of estradiol-17 beta-implanted bull calves to
      continuous versus pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone.
AB  - The luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone
      response of bull calves implanted with estradiol-17 beta to continuous and
      pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) has been
      examined. Estradiol-17 beta reduced serum LH and FSH concentrations and
      suppressed testosterone secretion and testicular growth when compared with sham
      implanted bulls. Pulsatile iv infusion of LHRH [500 ng every 2 h (6
      micrograms/d)] for a 4-wk period to estradiol-17 beta-implanted bulls resulted in
      elevated mean serum LH and testosterone concentrations that were characterized by
      discrete secretory episodes. Mean serum FSH was also increased by LHRH pulse
      infusion, but LHRH-coupled secretory episodes were not apparent. Continuous
      infusion of LHRH (6 micrograms/d) did not increase the low serum gonadotropin
      levels observed in estradiol-17 beta-implanted calves. Testicular growth was
      normal in LHRH pulse-infused calves, but was markedly curtailed in continuously
      infused calves. These results suggest that estradiol-17 beta inhibits testicular
      development by blocking gonadotropin release at the level of the hypothalamus
      because pulsatile administration of LHRH can override the inhibitory effect by
      increasing LH and FSH secretion.

PMID- 6427170
TI  - The effect of yoghurt on some components of the gut microflora and on the
      metabolism of lactose in the rat.
AB  - Feeding yoghurt or base milk (from which the yoghurt was prepared by
      fermentation) to rats increased the counts of coliforms in the gut whereas the
      counts of lactobacilli were reduced by yoghurt but not by the base milk.
      Lactobacillus bulgaricus survived in the guts of gnotobiotic and conventional
      rats when yoghurt was fed continuously. Streptococcus thermophilus also survived
      in gnotobiotic rats but its ability to survive in conventional rats could not be
      examined. Both organisms failed to colonise the gut when a small inoculum of
      yoghurt was administered orally to germfree rats maintained on the stock diet.
      Streptococcus thermophilus but not Lact. bulgaricus grew in the rat diet when
      tested in vitro. Two enzyme systems (beta-galactosidase and lactase) were studied
      using, respectively, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose as
      the test substrates. Enzyme levels estimated with both substrates increased in
      the gut contents when rats were fed yoghurt but an increase was only found with
      ONPG in the intestinal mucosa fraction. The bacterial origin of all this
      increased activity is discussed. The other lactose-containing diets did not
      affect enzyme activity to the same degree. Feeding yoghurt changed the
      lactobacillus flora from one which was predominantly heterofermentative (Lact.
      reuteri ) to one which was predominantly homofermentative (Lact. salivarius).

PMID- 6427171
TI  - Effect of temperature on the microbial flora of herring fillets stored in air or
      carbon dioxide.
AB  - The microbial development on fillets of herring from the Baltic Sea was studied
      at temperatures from 0-15 C in air or 100% carbon dioxide (96-100% CO2). The
      shelf-life of the fillets , defined as the time for the 'total aerobic count' to
      reach 1 X 10(7) c.f.u./g increased with decreased temperature from 1 d at 15
      degrees C to 7 d at 0 degrees C (air). The corresponding values in CO2 were 3 d
      and 33 d, respectively. The initial flora of the herring fillets was dominated by
      Alteromonas putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. and so was the spoilage flora after
      storage in air (together 62-95% of the flora: all temperatures). Alteromonas
      putrefaciens predominated slightly at 2 degrees C to 15 degrees C, while
      Pseudomonas spp. dominated at 0 degrees C. The Pseudomonas flora was mainly split
      between Ps. fragi , Ps. fluorescens and a heterogenous group of unidentified
      Pseudomonas spp. The proportions were not influenced by temperature. In 100% CO2
      at the time of spoilage the flora consisted of a significant number of
      Lactobacillus spp. Below 4 C the domination was almost complete while at 10
      degrees C and 15 degrees C. Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae and Alt.
      putrefaciens was also found. It was concluded that the microbiological shelf-life
      of herring fillets is improved by refrigeration storage in 100% CO2 but for good
      results the temperature should not exceed 2 degrees C.

PMID- 6427172
TI  - The uptake and utilization of Entodinium caudatum, bacteria, free amino acids and
      glucose by the rumen ciliate Entodinium bursa.
AB  - Washed suspensions of Entodinium bursa were incubated anaerobically with
      Entodinium caudatum, ten species of bacteria and a yeast. The rate of uptake and
      digestion of these micro-organisms was investigated. Protozoa grown in vivo did
      not engulf Proteus mirabilis or Klebsiella aerogenes but rapidly took up Bacillus
      megaterium. Selenomonas ruminantium, Torulopsis glabrata and Streptococcus bovis,
      although only the last was digested with release of soluble material into the
      medium. Protozoa grown in vitro engulfed each of the bacteria tested, taking up
      Megasphaera elsdenii and Proteus mirabilis most rapidly. Individual bacterial
      species and mixed rumen bacteria were engulfed more rapidly (up to 20 times) by
      protozoa grown in vivo than those grown in vitro, although the latter digested
      over 80% of the B. megaterium, Escherichia coli and P. mirabilis taken up.
      Labelled Ent. caudatum was extensively digested after engulfment by Ent. bursa.
      Some of the digestion products were released into the medium but individual amino
      acids were transferred as such from Ent. caudatum protein to Ent. bursa protein.
      Engulfed bacteria and polysaccharide granules were transferred intact from one
      protozoon to the other. Free amino acids were also taken up intact from the
      medium into protozoal protein but there was little biosynthesis of amino acids
      from glucose. When available for engulfment Ent. caudatum was quantitatively a
      much more valuable source of amino acids for protein synthesis by Ent. bursa than
      free amino acids or bacteria.

PMID- 6427173
TI  - Pseudomonic acid--a new antibiotic for skin infections.
AB  - A preliminary trial is reported studying the effectiveness of pseudomonic acid in
      primary superficial skin infections in 20 patients. Staphylococcus aureus was
      isolated in 18 patients and beta-haemolytic streptococci group A in two. Only on
      one occasion was a pathogenic organism, Staph. aureus, isolated post-treatment
      and clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 19/20 (95%) of patients. All
      isolates were found to have pseudomonic acid MICs of between 0.06 and 0.25 mg/l.

PMID- 6427174
TI  - The in-vitro influence of ceftazidime on host defence mechanisms.
AB  - The effects of ceftazidime, a new third generation cephalosporin, on host defence
      mechanisms, was investigated in vitro. No significant alteration of
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic, phagocytic, or chemiluminescent
      responses were found. Granulocyte adherence to nylon fibre columns was increased
      by 10 mg/l or more of ceftazidime. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis was slightly
      decreased by high concentrations of ceftazidime, though not by therapeutic
      concentrations. Ceftazidime was found to stimulate the release of increased
      amounts of chemotaxis and phagocytosis-stimulating factors from Escherichia coli
      and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when bacteria were exposed to subminimal inhibitory
      concentrations of the antibiotic during active growth phases.

PMID- 6427175
TI  - A new previously undescribed plasmid in penicillinase-producing Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae in Spain.

PMID- 6427176
TI  - Determination of aflatoxicol and aflatoxins B1 and M1 in eggs.
AB  - Procedures from 2 methods, one for aflatoxins B1 and M1 in eggs and one for
      aflatoxicol in milk, blood, and liver, have been combined to determine the 3
      toxins in eggs. The sample is blended with sodium chloride-saturated water and
      this mixture is then blended with acetone. After separation from the solid
      residue, the aqueous acetone extract is defatted with petroleum ether. The toxins
      are next partitioned into chloroform and separated from interferences on a silica
      gel column. Aflatoxicol is determined by fluorescence measurement after
      separation on a C18 reverse phase liquid chromatographic column, and aflatoxins
      B1 and M1 are determined by fluorescence densitometry after separation on a
      silica gel thin layer chromatographic plate. In a recovery study with eggs, mean
      recoveries of aflatoxicol added at levels of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 ng/g were 87,
      77, and 78%, respectively. Mean recoveries of aflatoxins B1 and M1 added at a
      level of 0.1 ng/g were 75 and 87%, respectively, and at an added level of 0.05
      ng/g were 86 and 75%. The within-laboratory precision (repeatability) ranged from
      2 to 13%.

PMID- 6427177
TI  - Residues of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy
      metals in biota from Apalachicola River, Florida, 1978.
AB  - Seventy-seven composite samples composed of largemouth bass ( Micropterus
      salmoides ), channel catfish ( Ictaluras punctatus), threadfin shad ( Dorosoma
      petenense ), Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea ), burrowing mayfly ( Hexagenia
      sp.), water snake ( Natrix spp.), and little green heron ( Butorides virescens )
      were collected from upper and lower reaches of the Apalachicola River, Florida,
      in 1978 for residue analysis of organochlorine insecticides, PCBs
      (polychlorinated biphenyls), and metals. Compared with data from the National
      Pesticide Monitoring Program and criteria recommended for the protection of
      aquatic life, residue concentrations were moderately high in the Apalachicola
      River. Biota from the upper river generally had higher organic and lower metal
      residues than those from the lower river. Highest residues in the biota were
      total DDT, total PCBs, and toxaphene. Although individual mean concentrations
      were below 2 micrograms/g and total organic contaminant residues never exceeded 5
      micrograms/g, residue concentrations of DDT, PCBs, and toxaphene (particularly
      from the upper river) exceeded recommended permissible levels for the protection
      of aquatic life. Metal residues were generally below 1 microgram/g. Exceptions
      were arsenic residues in threadfin shad (1.07 micrograms/g) and Asiatic clams
      (1.75 micrograms/g), and selenium in eggs of channel catfish (1.39 micrograms/g).
      The residues observed in the biota, particularly from the upper station,
      indicated moderate contamination of the Apalachicola River system at the time
      samples were collected.

PMID- 6427178
TI  - Replacement of the Bacillus subtilis subtilisin structural gene with an In vitro
      derived deletion mutation.
AB  - The entire subtilisin structural gene from Bacillus subtilis I168 has been
      cloned, and its nucleotide sequence has been determined. When expressed on a high
      copy-number shuttle vector, a fivefold increase in serine protease activity was
      observed. The DNA sequence of the gene is 80% homologous to the Bacillus
      amyloliquefaciens subtilisin structural gene, and the translated mature coding
      sequence is 85% homologous to the published protein sequence of subtilisin BPN'.
      The chloramphenicol resistance determinant of a plasmid integrated at the
      subtilisin locus was mapped by PBS1 transduction and was found to be linked to
      glyB (83%) and argC (60%), but not with metC or purB . The chromosomal locus
      containing the wild-type subtilisin allele was replaced with an in vitro-derived
      allele of the gene (delta apr-684) that contained a 684-base-pair deletion. The
      technique used for introducing the deletion is a variation of the gene
      replacement methods used in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. When
      used in B. subtilis, deletion mutants could be directly screened among the
      transformants. Physiological characterization of the delta apr-684 mutation
      revealed no discernable effect on the formation of heat-resistant endospores, but
      strains carrying the mutation produced only 10% of wild-type serine protease
      activity. A model is presented that outlines the pathway for plasmid integration
      and deletion formation in B. subtilis.

PMID- 6427179
TI  - Elemental composition of bacterial metachromatic inclusions determined by
      electron microprobe X-ray analysis.
AB  - Electron microscopy and microprobe X-ray analysis were used to study
      metachromatic inclusions of Spirillum itersonii , Corynebacterium diphtheriae,
      and Micrococcus luteus. In situ metachromatic inclusions were electron dense and
      contained phosphorus and divalent cations. Metachromatic inclusions isolated by
      anion-exchange column chromatography and by isoosmolar Metrizamide density
      gradient centrifugation were similar in composition to in situ inclusions.

PMID- 6427180
TI  - Proline transport and metabolism in Rickettsia prowazekii.
AB  - Purified Rickettsia prowazekii cells were able to transport L-proline. The influx
      of this amino acid had a Kt of 14 microM and a Vmax of about 64 pmol/min per mg
      of protein. Proline could not be transported by heat-killed or metabolically
      poisoned rickettsiae or at 0 degrees C. The uptake of proline was linear for
      almost 2 h. More than 90% of the accumulated intracellular radioactivity was
      proline. This intracellular pool could not be chased out of the cell by excess
      non-radioactive proline and did not exit into a proline-free medium. These
      results indicate that intracellular proline was bound or that the cell had a very
      limited efflux component for proline transport. The influx of proline was
      specific: among various analogs tested, only 3,4-dehydro-D,L-proline was
      effective in inhibiting proline uptake. R. prowazekii cells were unable to
      utilize proline as an energy source to drive hemolysis, and no measurable
      evolution from the rickettsiae of CO2 derived from proline occurred. The
      activities of the enzymes pyrroline-5-carboxylate-reductase and pyrroline-5
      carboxylate dehydrogenase were not detectable. These enzymes are important in
      anabolism and catabolism of proline, respectively, and, if present in R.
      prowazekii have activities less than 1% of those in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6427181
TI  - Unstable genetic determinant of A-factor biosynthesis in streptomycin-producing
      organisms: cloning and characterization.
AB  - We cloned a DNA fragment directing synthesis of A-factor from the total cellular
      DNA of streptomycin-producing Streptomyces bikiniensis on the plasmid vector
      pIJ385 . Introduction of the recombinant plasmid ( pAFB1 ) into A-factor
      deficient S. bikiniensis and Streptomyces griseus mutants led to A-factor
      production in the host cells, as a result of which streptomycin production,
      streptomycin resistance, and spore formation of these mutants were simultaneously
      restored. The plasmid pAFB1 also complemented both afsA and afsB mutations of
      Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). These results indicated that the cloned DNA
      fragment contained the genetic determinant of A-factor biosynthesis. The cloned
      fragment, when carried on a multicopy vector plasmid, induced production of a
      large amount of A-factor in several Streptomyces hosts. In Southern blot DNA/DNA
      hybridization analyses with a trimmed 5-kilobase fragment containing the intact A
      factor determinant as probe, total cellular DNA from A-factor-deficient mutants
      gave no positive hybridization. The DNA blot experiment also showed a wide
      distribution of sequences homologous to the S. bikiniensis A-factor determinant
      among most, but not all, A-factor-producing actinomycetes with a varying extent
      of homology and the absence of these sequences from most A-factor nonproducers .

PMID- 6427182
TI  - Mannityl opine analogs allow isolation of catabolic pathway regulatory mutants.
AB  - Five virulent Agrobacterium spp. strains that can catabolize the mannityl opines
      mannopine (MOP), mannopinic acid ( MOA ), and agropinic acid (AGA) were tested
      for their ability to grow on analogs of these compounds. Analogs containing
      alternative amino acids replacing glutamic acid or glutamine were generally
      refused by these bacteria, but mutants were obtained that catabolized the entire
      family of analogs. In the case of strain C58C1 (pRi 8196), we demonstrated that
      typical mutants were constitutive for MOP uptake, whereas the wild-type parent
      was inducible by MOP. Analogs of MOA prepared from a variety of sugars instead of
      mannose were generally refused, except for a strain carrying pTi B6-806, which
      grew well on all such analogs. The analogs allowed selection of mutants of all
      strains. Although most wild-type strains were inducible for AGA uptake, typical
      mutants selected from strain C58C1 (pRi 8196) were found to be constitutive for
      uptake of AGA, as was the wild-type strain carrying pTi B6-806. Such constitutive
      mutants grew on all sugar analogs of MOP, MOA , and AGA tested. The pTi B6-806
      containing strain was tested for growth on a more extended series of analogs,
      including tetrose , triose, diose , and disaccharide analogs, all of which were
      accepted. Only ketose analogs were refused. Selection of promiscuous regulatory
      mutants by the two types of opine analogs suggests that the repressor proteins of
      MOP and AGA permease/ catabolase systems are chiefly responsible for the
      specificity of the pathways.

PMID- 6427183
TI  - Photosynthetic mutants of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. strains PCC 6714
      and PCC 6803: sodium p-hydroxymercuribenzoate as a selective agent.
AB  - Among a wide range of potential selective agents examined, sodium p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate successfully enriched for mutants of Synechocystis sp.
      strains PCC 6714 and 6803 defective in photosynthesis. When both photosystems I
      and II were operating, viability of wild-type cells decreased to between 5 X 10(
      5) and 1 X 10(-6) after 5 h of incubation with 500 microM p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate (strain 6714), and after 8 h with 200 microM (strain
      6803). Between 0.1 and 0.5% of the survivors were stable mutants defective in
      different steps of photosynthesis. The compound was not mutagenic. It was less
      toxic to cells grown chemoheterotrophically in the dark or photoheterotrophically
      in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. p
      Hydroxymercuribenzoate therefore killed only cells which were performing
      photosynthesis at high rates, thereby specifically selecting for mutants
      deficient in this process.

PMID- 6427185
TI  - Formaldehyde oxidation and methanogenesis.
AB  - Formaldehyde oxidation by cell-free extracts of Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum was shown to drive methanogenesis from CH3-S-coenzyme M or
      HCHO under a nonreductive atmosphere of N2. Under N2 when HCHO was the sole
      source of carbon and reducing equivalents in the reaction, it underwent oxidation
      and reduction events (disproportionation), the sum of the reactions being 3 HCHO
      + H2O----CH4 + 2 HCOO - + 2H+. This reaction predicts a CH4/HCHO ratio of 1/3,
      which is in agreement with the experimental finding of 1/2.9. In extracts of the
      mesophilic methanogen Methanococcus voltae and the extreme thermophile
      Methanococcus jannaschii , which exhibited formate dehydrogenase activity, the
      CH4/HCHO ratio was 1/2. NADPH stimulated methane formation from HCHO under N2. An
      unidentified, oxygen-labile cofactor, the formaldehyde activation factor, present
      in boiled-cell extract was discovered. Methanopterin , an oxygen-stable molecule,
      also substituted for boiled-cell extract.

PMID- 6427184
TI  - Effect of ammonia, darkness, and phenazine methosulfate on whole-cell nitrogenase
      activity and Fe protein modification in Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - A procedure for the immunoprecipitation of Fe protein from cell extracts was
      developed and used to monitor the modification of Fe protein in vivo. The subunit
      pattern of the isolated Fe protein after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis was assayed by Coomassie brilliant blue protein staining and
      autoradiographic 32P detection of the modifying group. Whole-cell nitrogenase
      activity was also monitored during Fe protein modification. The addition of
      ammonia, darkness, oxygen, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and
      phenazine methosulfate each resulted in a loss of whole-cell nitrogenase activity
      and the in vivo modification of Fe protein. For ammonia and darkness, the rate of
      loss of nitrogenase activity was similar to that for Fe protein modification. The
      reillumination of a culture incubated in the dark brought about a rapid recovery
      of nitrogenase activity and the demodification of Fe protein. Cyclic dark-light
      treatments resulted in matching cycles of nitrogenase activity and Fe protein
      modification. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and phenazine methosulfate
      treatments caused an immediate loss of nitrogenase activity, whereas Fe protein
      modification occurred at a slower rate. Oxygen treatment resulted in a rapid loss
      of activity but only an incomplete modification of the Fe protein.

PMID- 6427186
TI  - Degradation of aspartate transcarbamylase in Bacillus subtilis is deficient in
      rel mutants but is not mediated by guanosine polyphosphates.
AB  - Degradation of aspartate transcarbamylase in growing and starved Bacillus
      subtilis was deficient in relA and relC mutants, but these effects were not
      correlated with differences in the intracellular level of guanosine
      polyphosphates.

PMID- 6427187
TI  - Unique developmental characteristics of the swarm and short cells of Proteus
      vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis.
AB  - Swarming cells of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris could be distinguished
      from their short-cell counterparts by virtue of their synthesis (or lack of
      synthesis) of certain enzymes and outer membrane proteins. Urease synthesis was
      constitutive in swarm cells and uninducible in short cells. In contrast,
      phenylalanine deaminase was inducible in both short and swarm cells,
      demonstrating that transcriptional and translational processes were functional.
      During swarm cell development, the amount of one outer membrane protein (45
      kilodaltons) fell and the amounts of two others (50 and 28.3 kilodaltons) rose
      significantly, the level of cytochrome b decreased, and the synthesis of
      cytochromes a and d were repressed. Respiratory activities of swarm cells were
      greatly diminished, suggesting that energy for swarming came from fermentation
      rather than from respiration. Widespread changes in the pattern of enzyme
      activities, in cytochrome composition, and in the composition and type of outer
      membrane proteins suggest that they are due to transcriptional regulation.

PMID- 6427188
TI  - Cloning and expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of a gene involved in the
      production of alginate.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis
      commonly produce a capsule-like exopolysaccharide called alginate. The alginate
      producing (Alg+) phenotype results in a mucoid colony morphology and is an
      unstable trait. A mutant of P. aeruginosa FRD (a cystic fibrosis isolate) was
      obtained which was temperature sensitive for alginate production ( Algts ). At
      elevated growth temperatures (41 degrees C), no alginate was detected in culture
      supernatants of the Algts mutant, but yields of alginate increased as the
      temperature of incubation was reduced. The mutation responsible for the Algts
      phenotype, alg-50(Ts), has been mapped to a region of the FRD chromosome closely
      linked to trp-2. The alg-50(Ts) marker did not map near the met-l-linked
      chromosomal mutations responsible for the instability of the Alg+ phenotype. A
      broad host range cosmid cloning system based upon derivatives of plasmid RK2 was
      used to construct a P. aeruginosa clone bank. After transfer of the clone bank to
      the Algts mutant, hybrid plasmids were obtained which complemented the Algts
      defect. Deletion mapping of the original 20.3 kilobases of P. aeruginosa DNA
      cloned showed that a 4.7-kilobase fragment would complement the alg-50(Ts)
      mutation.

PMID- 6427189
TI  - Incorporation of isotope from specifically labeled glucose into alginates of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - The incorporation of isotope from [6-14C]glucose into alginate by both
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Azotobacter vinelandii was 10-fold greater than that
      from either [1-14C]- or [2-14C]glucose, indicating preferential utilization of
      the bottom half of the glucose molecule for alginate synthesis. These data
      strongly suggest that the Entner - Doudoroff pathway plays a major role in
      alginate synthesis in both P. aeruginosa and A. vinelandii.

PMID- 6427190
TI  - Autoplaquing in Myxococcus strains.
AB  - Autoplaquing has been observed in Myxococcus strains freshly isolated from soil.
      Initial observations suggest that this phenomenon is not induced by elevated
      temperature or visible light; we suggest that it may be the result of a
      derangement in the developmental autolytic mechanism within the cell.

PMID- 6427191
TI  - Helical macrofiber formation in Bacillus subtilis: inhibition by penicillin G.
AB  - The folding process required for helical macrofiber formation after the outgrowth
      of Bacillus subtilis spores was found to be blocked by very low concentrations of
      penicillin G (1 to 3 ng/ml). Under such conditions, growth and septation without
      cell separation resulted in characteristic disorganized multicellular structures.
      Higher concentrations (4 and 10 ng/ml) were needed to inhibit spore outgrowth and
      vegetative growth, respectively.

PMID- 6427192
TI  - Lactose inhibits the growth of Rhizobium meliloti cells that contain an actively
      expressed Escherichia coli lactose operon.
AB  - Expression of the Escherichia coli lactose operon in Rhizobium meliloti 104A14
      made the cells sensitive to the addition of the beta-galactosides lactose, phenyl
      beta-D-galactoside, and lactobionic acid. Growth stopped when the beta
      galactoside was added and viability decreased modestly during the next few hours,
      but little cell lysis was observed and the cells appeared normal. Protein
      synthesis was not inhibited. Growth was inhibited only when beta-galactosidase
      expression was greater than 160 U. Lactose-resistant mutants had defects in the
      plasmid-carried E. coli beta-galactosidase or beta-galactoside permease and in
      the R. meliloti genome. We speculate that uncontrolled production of galactose by
      the action of the lactose operon proteins was responsible for growth inhibition.

PMID- 6427193
TI  - Use of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 14C fluorography in
      studies of glycolysis and regulation of pyruvate kinase in Streptococcus lactis.
AB  - High-resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 14C fluorography
      have been used to identify and quantitate intermediates of the Embden-Meyerhof
      pathway in intact cells and cell extracts of Streptococcus lactis. Glycolysing
      cells contained high levels of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (a positive effector of
      pyruvate kinase) but comparatively low concentrations of other glycolytic
      metabolites. By contrast, starved organisms contained only high levels of 3
      phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate. The concentration
      of Pi (a negative effector of pyruvate kinase) in starved cells was fourfold
      greater than that maintained by glycolysing cells. The following result suggest
      that retention of the phosphoenolpyruvate pool by starved cells is a consequence
      of Pi-mediated inhibition of pyruvate kinase: the increase in the
      phosphoenolpyruvate pool (and Pi) preceded depletion of fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate, and reduction in intracellular Pi (by a maltose-plus-arginine
      phosphate trap) caused the restoration of pyruvate kinase activity in starved
      cells. Time course studies showed that Pi was conserved by formation of fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis. Conversely, during starvation high levels of
      Pi were generated concomitant with depletion of intracellular fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate. The concentrations of Pi and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate present in
      starved and glycolysing cells of S. lactis varied inversely. The activity of
      pyruvate kinase in the growing cell may be modulated by the relative
      concentrations of the two antagonistic effectors.

PMID- 6427194
TI  - Genetic mapping and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants defective
      in the formation of extracellular proteins.
AB  - We isolated 15 mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO which were defective in the
      formation of certain extracellular proteins, such as elastase, staphylolytic
      enzyme, and lipase ( Xcp mutants). The mutations were mapped on the chromosome by
      conjugation and transduction. The locations were xcp -1 near 0', with the gene
      order cys-59- xcp -1- proB , and loci xcp -2, xcp -3, and xcp -31 at 35', with
      the gene order trpC , D- xcp -3/ xcp -31- xcp -2- argC . Loci xcp -4 and xcp -41
      through xcp -44 were cotransducible with proA at 40'; loci xcp -5, xcp -51, xcp 
      52, and xcp53 were located at 55', with the gene order leu-10- trpF -met-9010-
      xcp -53- xcp -5/ xcp -51/ xcp+ ++-52, and xcp -6 was located at 65' to 70',
      between catA and mtu-9002. Nine mutations ( xcp -2, xcp -3, xcp -31, xcp -4, and
      xcp -41 through xcp -45) caused decreased production of extracellular enzymes.
      Six strains with mutations xcp -1, xcp -5, xcp -51, xcp -52, xcp -53, and xcp -6
      produced cell-bound exoproteins and had defective release mechanisms. The
      regulation of production of alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase C is different
      from other exoproteins , such as elastase, but they all seem to share a common
      release mechanism. Alkaline protease had separate mechanisms for regulation and
      release, since this protease was found in culture supernatants of all but one of
      the mutants, and none of the strains had cell-bound enzyme.

PMID- 6427195
TI  - Effect of purine and pyrimidine limitations on RNA synthesis in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - The effects of varying the intracellular levels of GTP or UTP on the rate of RNA
      synthesis in Bacillus subtilis were studied. The levels of these nucleotides were
      manipulated by pyrimidine limitation in a pyr auxotroph, by purine limitation in
      a pur auxotroph, or by the addition of decoyinine , which specifically inhibits
      GMP synthesis. Decreased levels of UTP and GTP were accompanied by dramatically
      decreased synthesis and accumulation of stable RNAs (tRNA and rRNA), but mRNA
      synthesis was less affected. However, sporulation was initiated only when the
      intracellular level of GTP decreased.

PMID- 6427196
TI  - Anaerobiosis, formate, nitrate, and pyrA are involved in the regulation of
      formate hydrogenlyase in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Three groups of mutants defective in the fermentative production of gas were
      isolated from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 subjected to transposition mutagenesis
      with Mu d(Apr lac). One group consisted of strains which lacked hydrogenase. The
      mutation site for this group was located in the vicinity of the known hyd gene. A
      second group consisted of mutants which lacked the formate dehyrogenase
      associated with hydrogenase. The mutation site was located in four of them. It
      was not in the vicinity of the previously described fhlD gene but was instead
      located at 93 min on the Salmonella map. The third mutant group, which consisted
      of strains that produced gas in triple sugar iron agar but not in nutrient agar
      supplemented with glucose, appeared to be pyrA mutants. The insertion site was
      located in the vicinity of pyrA , and they required arginine and pyrimidines for
      growth. Expression of the lac operon in the hyd mutants was induced by
      anaerobiosis. It was only slightly increased by the addition of formate under
      anaerobic conditions and slightly decreased by the addition of nitrate. Nitrate
      had no effect in an hyd ::Mu d strain that also carried a chlC::Tn10 insertion.
      Full expression of the lac operon in the fhl mutants required both formate and
      anaerobic conditions. The presence of nitrate in addition to formate resulted in
      activities about half those obtained in its absence, even in the fhl ::Mu d
      chlC::Tn10 double mutant. In the absence of formate, nitrate reduced expression
      only in the fhl ::Mu d single mutants. Expression of the lac operon among the
      pyrA mutants was repressed by arginine and cytosine and also by anaerobiosis. An
      explanation for the involvement of pyrA in aerobic and anaerobic energy
      metabolism is proposed.

PMID- 6427197
TI  - N-acetylmannosaminyl(1----4)N-acetylglucosamine, a linkage unit between glycerol
      teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in cell walls of several Bacillus strains.
AB  - The structure of teichoic acid-glycopeptide complexes isolated from lysozyme
      digests of cell walls of Bacillus subtilis (four strains) and Bacillus
      licheniformis (one strain) was studied to obtain information on the structural
      relationship between glycerol teichoic acids and their linkage saccharides. Each
      preparation of the complexes contained equimolar amounts of muramic acid 6
      phosphate and mannosamine in addition to glycopeptide components and glycerol
      teichoic acid components characteristic of the strain. Upon treatment with 47%
      hydrogen fluoride, these preparations gave, in common, a hexosamine-containing
      disaccharide, which was identified as N- acetylmannosaminyl (1----4) N
      acetylglucosamine, along with large amounts of glycosylglycerols presumed to be
      the dephosphorylated repeating units of teichoic acid chains. The
      glycosylglycerol obtained from each bacterial strain was identified as follows:
      B. subtilis AHU 1392, glucosyl alpha (1----2)glycerol; B. subtilis AHU 1235,
      glucosyl beta(1----2) glycerol; B. subtilis AHU 1035 and AHU 1037, glucosyl alpha
      (1----6)galactosyl alpha (1----1 or 3)glycerol; B. licheniformis AHU 1371,
      galactosyl alpha (1----2)glycerol. By means of Smith degradation, the galactose
      residues in the teichoic acid-glycopeptide complexes from B. subtilis AHU 1035
      and AHU 1037 and B. licheniformis AHU 1371 were shown to be involved in the
      backbone chains of the teichoic acid moieties. Thus, the glycerol teichoic acids
      in the cell walls of five bacterial strains seem to be joined to peptidoglycan
      through a common linkage disaccharide, N- acetylmannosaminyl (1----4)N
      acetylglucosamine, irrespective of the structural diversity in the glycosidic
      branches and backbone chains.

PMID- 6427198
TI  - Bupropion in the treatment of psychotic depression: two case reports.
AB  - Bupropion alone and in combination with haloperidol was found to be safe and
      effective in the treatment of psychotic depression. Two cases are presented which
      illustrate prompt responses to treatment during recurrent episodes of illness.

PMID- 6427199
TI  - Purification and characterization of four forms of cytochrome P-450 from liver
      microsomes of phenobarbital-treated and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats.
AB  - Four forms of cytochrome P-450, tentatively designated PB-1, PB-2, MC-1, and MC
      2, were purified from liver microsomes of rats treated with phenobarbital (PB-1
      and PB-2) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC-1 and MC-2). Each purified form showed a
      single protein-staining band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis giving a
      minimum molecular weight of 56,000 (MC-1), 53,000 (PB-1), 53,000 (MC-2), or
      49,000 (PB-2). PB-1 and MC-1 were the major cytochrome P-450 components inducible
      by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), respectively. Antibodies
      prepared against each form of purified cytochrome P-450 did not cross-react with
      heterologous antigens in Ouchterlony double diffusion tests, confirming the
      immunological distinctness of the four forms. The CO-compounds of reduced PB-1
      and PB-2 had an absorption maximum at 450 nm, whereas those of MC-1 and MC-2 had
      a maximum at 447 nm. Judging from the oxidized absolute spectra, MC-2 was of high
      spin type and the others were of low spin type. Amino acid analysis revealed
      considerable differences among the purified four forms of cytochrome P-450, and
      the amino acid sequences of their NH2-terminal portions confirmed that the four
      forms were different proteins. In a reconstituted system containing NADPH and
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, PB-1 and PB-2 oxidized benzphetamine at high
      rates, but their oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene was much slower than that by MC-1,
      which catalyzed rapid hydroxylation of benzo(a)pyrene but had low activity with
      benzphetamine. The quantity of each form of cytochrome P-450 in microsomes was
      determined by quantitative immunoprecipitation, and selective induction of PB-1
      and MC-1 by PB and MC, respectively, was confirmed. Some induction of PB-2 and MC
      2 by the corresponding inducers was also noticed. PB group P-450's were not
      increased by MC treatment, nor were MC group P-450's by PB.

PMID- 6427200
TI  - The localization of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing glycosphingolipid on the
      cell surface of bivalve spermatozoa by use of an immunological method.
AB  - Specific and high titer antisera against 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing
      glycosphingolipid (Lipid IV) from spermatozoa of the fresh-water bivalve,
      Hyriopsis schlegelii, were raised in rabbits. The antisera were found to
      agglutinate spermatozoa of three fresh-water bivalves, H. schlegelii, Anodonta
      woodiana, and Cristaria plicata (Palaeoheterodonta), but they did not agglutinate
      those of Corbicula sandai (Heterodonta). The specificity of the agglutination was
      examined by an inhibition test using various carbohydrates, from which it was
      concluded that an antigenic determinant is GlcA4Me-Fuc. Immunohistochemical
      studies indicated that Lipid IV exists on the cell surface of the spermatozoa.

PMID- 6427201
TI  - Purification of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and its inactivation by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase.
AB  - Human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was purified according to a modification of
      the method of Kurecki et al. (Anal. Biochem. 99, 415 (1979) ), with Affi-Gel Blue
      treatment before Zn-affinity column chromatography. The inhibitor was inactivated
      in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (1/2,000 molar ratio) for 2 h
      at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C. The inactivated inhibitor was purified by column
      chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and DE-52. Little or no difference was observed
      between the native and inactive inhibitors in immunological response, amino acid
      composition or far-ultraviolet CD spectrum. On the other hand, a considerable
      difference was observed in the near-ultraviolet CD spectrum. Two amino-terminal
      sequences were found in the inactive inhibitor in almost the same ratio; one was
      the same as that of the intact inhibitor and the other was Met-Ser-Ile-Pro-. The
      two components were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography using
      0.1% trifluoroacetic acid containing 30-70% CH3CN (gradient) as the eluent. Amino
      acid analysis and N- and C-terminal amino acid sequence analyses indicated that
      one fraction corresponded to the sequence of 1-357 of the alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor and the other to 358-394. We concluded that P. aeruginosa elastase can
      inactivate human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by splitting the peptide bond of
      Pro357-Met358, leading to local change near the active site but little change in
      the structure as a whole. The split carboxy-terminal fragment binds tightly to
      the rest of the inhibitor.

PMID- 6427202
TI  - Primary structures of adult hemoglobins of silvery marmoset, Callithrix
      argentatus, and cotton-headed tamarin, Saguinus oedipus.
AB  - Tryptic peptides of the alpha and beta chains from silvery marmoset (Callithrix
      argentatus) and cotton-headed tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) hemoglobins were
      isolated and sequenced, respectively, by conventional methods. The ordering of
      the peptides in each chain was deduced from the homology of their sequences with
      those of human adult hemoglobin. The primary structures thus deduced are compared
      with those of other primate hemoglobins, and the rate of evolution in New World
      monkey hemoglobins is discussed.

PMID- 6427203
TI  - Amino acid sequence around the reactive serine of cucumisin from melon fruit.
AB  - Cucumisin is a diisopropyl fluorophosphate-sensitive enzyme. The inactivation by
      DFP is accompanied by the formation of 1 mol of labeled serine residue per mol of
      enzyme. From the soluble portion of the chymotryptic digest of the diisopropyl
      phosphoryl derivative of cucumisin, two peptides containing phosphorus were
      isolated; their amino acid sequences were determined to be Gly-Thr-Ser(P)-Met and
      Asn-Ile-Ile-Ser-Gly-Thr-Ser(P)-Met, respectively. The four residues Gly-Thr-Ser
      Met in the above amino acid sequence are identical with those of subtilisin.

PMID- 6427204
TI  - An inhibitor of lipoxygenase, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, shortens actin
      filaments.
AB  - An inhibitor of lipoxygenase of arachidonic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid,
      shortens actin filaments, as judged by electron microscopic observation of
      negatively stained actin filaments, actin sedimentability and measurement of
      specific viscosity, at concentrations that inhibit the migration of phagocytic
      cells. At higher concentrations (more than 10 microM) nordihydroguaiaretic acid
      strikingly inhibits myosin ATPase activity. Thus nordihydroguaiaretic acid has a
      severe side effect on the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 6427205
TI  - Accumulation of relA gene-independent ppGpp in Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells
      upon temperature shift-down.
AB  - Both Bacillus subtilis BR16S (rel+) and BR16R (relA-) cells accumulated ppGpp
      after a temperature shift-down from 37 to 0 degree C. This indicates that a ppGpp
      accumulation system is present in B. subtilis vegetative cells, which is induced
      upon cold-shock treatment and is mediated by a relA gene-independent product.

PMID- 6427206
TI  - cis-Canthaxanthins. Unusual carotenoids in the eggs and the reproductive system
      of female brine shrimp artemia.
AB  - The significance of carotenoid accumulation in crustacean eggs remains obscure,
      particularly because neither eggs nor female animals have been found to display
      specific pigment patterns in relation to reproduction. We report here the first
      example of carotenoids found exclusively in the ovaries, the eggs, and the
      hemolymph, but not in the carcass of a female, reproductively active crustacean,
      i.e. the brine shrimp Artemia. These pigments are virtually absent in males and
      in immature animals and disappear very rapidly in growing nauplii following
      hatching of encysted embryos. Within the cysts, they are preferably localized in
      the yolk platelets. We have identified them as mono-cis- canthaxanthins on the
      basis of their mass and absorption spectra and by comparison with synthetic
      components. Carotenoids with the unusual cis-configuration have never been
      isolated from animals, nor are there reports on the occurrence of carotenoid
      pigments at specific sites. Our findings may thus provide a clue to a precise
      function for carotenoids in Artemia and, possibly, related Crustacea.

PMID- 6427207
TI  - Glycine synthase of the purinolytic bacterium, Clostridium acidiurici.
      Purification of the glycine-CO2 exchange system.
AB  - When the growth medium of Clostridium acidiurici was supplemented with trace
      metals, glycine synthase and glycine-CO2 exchange activities in cell-free
      extracts were found to increase significantly. The glycine-CO2 exchange system
      was purified and shown to consist of a heat-labile component and a heat-stable
      component. By gel filtration, heat-labile component had an estimated native Mr =
      230,000 and contained two subunits of Mr = 65,000 and 58,000 on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, indicating an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer. Heat-stable
      component had an estimated Mr = 20,000 and could not be replaced by lipoic acid
      in reaction mixtures. Pyridoxal phosphate was not bound to either of the purified
      components but was essential for glycine-CO2 exchange. By spectral analysis, heat
      labile component was shown to interact with pyridoxal phosphate and that
      reductant influenced this interaction.

PMID- 6427208
TI  - Verification of protein sequence by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
      Amino acid sequence of protein S, a development-specific protein of Myxococcus
      xanthus.
AB  - A mass spectrometric method was applied to protein S, a development-specific
      protein of Myxococcus xanthus, in order to verify the amino acid sequence deduced
      from the nucleotide sequence of its gene. On examining proteolytic digests of the
      protein by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry without separation of
      individual peptides, signals corresponding to individual peptides were observed
      in the mass spectra. The mass values of the observed signals were correlated to
      the theoretical mass values calculated from the predicted amino acid sequence,
      thereby identifying the peptides and proving the accuracy of the sequence. The
      previous finding that protein S is the product of the second gene of the two
      tandemly repeated genes on the M. xanthus chromosome ( Inouye , S., Franceschini
      , T., and Inouye , M. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 6829-6833) is now
      unambiguously confirmed.

PMID- 6427209
TI  - Glucuronidation of bile acids by rat liver 3-OH androgen UDP
      glucuronyltransferase.
AB  - The glucuronidation of bile acids is an important pathway for the detoxification
      and elimination of retained bile acids during cholestasis. A 3-OH-specific
      androgen UDP-glucuronyltransferase was purified from solubilized female rat liver
      microsomes using Chromatofocusing and UDP- hexanolamine -Sepharose 4B affinity
      chromatography. The purified 3-OH androgen UDP-glucuronyltransferase is reactive
      towards bile acids, including lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and
      ursodeoxycholic acid, in addition to the androgenic steroids etiocholanolone and
      androsterone. The highest activity towards bile acids is seen with lithocholic
      acid-24-methyl ester, and no activity is seen with lithocholic acid-3 alpha
      sulfate or 5 beta- cholanic acid-3-one. No glucuronidation activity towards bile
      acids was observed with either a purified 17-OH steroid UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      or a p-nitrophenol-UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Lithocholic acid competitively
      inhibits etiocholanolone glucuronidation by the purified 3-OH androgen isoenzyme.
      These results suggest that a UDP-glucuronyltransferase isoenzyme is present in
      female rat liver which is capable of specifically glucuronidating the 3-OH group
      of bile acids and androgenic steroids.

PMID- 6427210
TI  - Effects of replacing serine and threonine residues within the signal peptide on
      the secretion of the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have investigated the importance of serine and threonine residues within the
      signal peptide in the secretion and processing of the major outer membrane
      lipoprotein precursor prolipoprotein in Escherichia coli. This was accomplished
      by systematically replacing these residues with alanine utilizing
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The results demonstrated that the
      replacement of serine 15 but not threonine 16 alone caused an initial
      accumulation of membrane-bound unmodified prolipoprotein. In addition,
      replacement of both serine 15 and threonine 16 resulted in a greater accumulation
      of this membrane-bound precursor. The accumulated prolipoprotein could be matured
      to lipoprotein in a quantitative manner, and this process was inhibited by
      globomycin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. These results will be
      discussed in terms of the contribution that serine and threonine have in
      determining the overall secondary structure of the signal peptide and its
      importance in secretion and/or processing.

PMID- 6427211
TI  - Coordinate regulation of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity and
      phospholipid N-methylation in yeast.
AB  - Membranes isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain ATCC 26615, catalyze the
      decarboxylation of exogenous phosphatidylserine added as an aqueous dispersion in
      detergent. Active preparations of the decarboxylase can be obtained by extracting
      salt-washed membranes with 0.5% Cutscum . The properties of the
      phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity associated with a particulate fraction
      and the detergent extracts have been characterized by assaying the enzymatic
      conversion of exogenous [14C]phosphatidylserine to [14C]phosphatidylethanolamine.
      The yeast decarboxylase does not require a divalent cation and is inhibited by
      hydroxylamine and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The rate of decarboxylation of
      exogenous phosphatidylserine catalyzed by membranes prepared from cells grown in
      the presence of choline is reduced by approximately 60% compared to membranes
      from cells grown in a choline-deficient medium. Relatively smaller reductions in
      phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity are also seen in cells grown in the
      presence of mono- or dimethylethanolamine. In vitro incorporation studies with
      [14C]serine demonstrate that endogenous, prelabeled phosphatidylserine can be
      utilized for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine by the coupled action of the
      hydroxylamine-sensitive decarboxylase and the phospholipid N-methyltransferases
      in the presence of 2 mM S-adenosylmethionine. A similar comparative enzymatic
      study shows that the rates of synthesis and decarboxylation of
      [14C]phosphatidylserine, as well as phospholipid N-methylation, are lower for
      membranes prepared from cells grown in the presence of choline relative to
      identical preparations from cells grown in the absence of choline. These studies
      describe the properties of particulate and detergent-solubilized
      phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity in S. cerevisiae and provide evidence
      that its activity is regulated in coordination with other enzymes in the pathway
      for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis involving N-methylation.

PMID- 6427212
TI  - Analysis of fluorescence quenching of ribosome-bound virginiamycin S.
AB  - The two virginiamycin components VM and VS interact synergistically with
      bacterial ribosomes in vitro and in vivo. Ribosome affinity for virginiamycin S
      increases about 10-fold upon incubation with virginiamycin M. This effect has
      been previously traced by spectrofluorimetric measurement based on the
      enhancement of virginiamycin S fluorescence upon its binding to the 50 S
      ribosomal subunit. In the present work the action of two virginiamycin S
      fluorescence quenchers, acrylamide and iodide, has been explored to gather
      information about the accessibility of ribosome-bound virginiamycin S and the
      variation of the accessibility level in the presence of virginiamycin M. Both
      acrylamide (non-ionized quencher) and iodide (ionized quencher) proved powerful
      quenchers of free virginiamycin S solutions. Since a comparable effect was
      obtained on 3- hydroxypicolinamide , the latter was indicated as the part of the
      molecule involved in the fluorescence effect. Fluorescence quenching by either
      agent was of the dynamic, i.e. collisional, type. Such an inference was based on
      the fact that these quenchers merely modified the emission spectrum (not the
      absorption spectrum), the bimolecular rate constant for the quenching process
      decreased linearly with the viscosity of the medium (static-type quenching is
      viscosity-independent), and that linear Stern-Volmer plots were obtained. The
      quenching ability of both agents underwent a sharp decrease in the presence of
      ribosomes; however, the Stern-Volmer equation was followed only in the case of
      acrylamide, whereas Lehrer 's relationship had to be applied in the case of
      iodide. When ribosomes were incubated with virginiamycin M, the fluorescence
      quenching ability of acrylamide and iodide was significantly reduced. Conclusions
      are as follows: a) the 3- hydroxypicolinyl residue of virginiamycin S is buried
      within an open well on the ribosome surface and is likely to be involved in the
      interaction with the binding site; b) the accessibility to the well is partly
      controlled by electrostatic forces; c) interaction of ribosomes with
      virginiamycin M entails a conformational change whereby the access to the well is
      reduced. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the previously
      observed increase of the association constant of virginiamycin S to ribosomes
      incubated with virginiamycin M which was found to be due to the decrease of the
      dissociation rate constant (the association rate constant remains practically the
      same).

PMID- 6427213
TI  - Prostaglandin H synthase. Stoichiometry of heme cofactor.
AB  - The stoichiometry of heme interaction with prostaglandin H synthase was
      determined by titration of the apoenzyme purified from sheep seminal vesicles.
      Maximal cyclooxygenase activity was reached when 0.53 +/- 0.11 (n = 6)
      heme/70,000-Da subunit had been added. Spectrophotometric titrations at 411 nm
      showed a transition when 0.53 +/- 0.04 (n = 5) heme/subunit had been added. The
      results from the titration end points were corroborated by comparison of the
      specific cyclooxygenase activity based on subunit concentration with the specific
      activity/mol of heme (calculated from the incremental increases in activity
      during the titration). The value based on subunit was approximately half (0.58 +/
      0.11; n = 6) that based on heme, consistent with one heme/two subunits. Analysis
      of synthase holoenzyme after chromatography on DEAE-cellulose provided validation
      for the concept that only one subunit needs to bind heme to give a catalytically
      active synthase dimer. Binding of some heme to the second subunit appears to be
      only coincidentally associated with complete saturation of the active subunit.
      Titrations of the synthase with Mn-protoporphyrin IX gave results which confirmed
      the presence of two high affinity metalloporphyrin sites/dimer. Unlike heme, two
      Mn-protoporphyrin IX need be bound per dimer to obtain full catalytic activity.
      Prostaglandin H synthase appears to have two high affinity binding sites for
      metalloporphyrins. The two sites have slightly different affinities for heme. The
      synthase dimer is capable of cyclooxygenase catalysis when the site with higher
      affinity is occupied by heme. The two subunits of the enzyme are thus not
      completely identical.

PMID- 6427214
TI  - Discoidal complexes of A and C apolipoproteins with lipids and their reactions
      with lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.
AB  - Micellar, discoidal complexes of human apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II, C
      III-1, and C-III-2 with egg phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) and cholesterol were
      prepared by the cholate dialysis method. The complexes, isolated by gel
      filtration, had similar lipid and protein contents by weight, on the average:
      1.77:0.083:1.0, egg-PC/cholesterol/apolipoprotein (w/w). The diameters of the
      discs, visualized by electron microscopy and estimated by gel filtration, ranged
      from 100 to 200 A. The alpha-helix content of the apolipoproteins in the
      complexes was from 50-72%, and their fluorescence properties indicated nonpolar,
      but quite varied environments for the tryptophan residues in the various
      complexes. Initial reactions of purified human lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase with the complexes, adjusted to equal egg-PC concentrations,
      indicated that all the apolipoproteins activate the enzyme from 6-fold to 400
      fold over control vesicles of egg-PC and cholesterol. In decreasing order of
      reactivity were the complexes with A-I, C-I, C-III-1, C-III-2, C-II, and A-II.
      These results indicate that aside from lipid-binding capacity and high
      amphipathic alpha-helix content, other structural features are required for
      optimal enzyme activation by apolipoproteins. Concentration and temperature
      dependence experiments gave similar apparent Km values, markedly different
      apparent Vmax, and very similar activation energies (about 19 kcal/mol), for the
      various complexes. These observations suggest that the rate-limiting enzymatic
      step of the reaction is common to all the complexes but that the activated enzyme
      levels differ from complex to complex. We propose that enzyme activation occurs
      upon binding to complexes via apolipoproteins. Addition of excess (5-fold) free
      apolipoprotein A-I or A-II to complexes resulted in the exchange of bound for
      free apolipoproteins and in loss of reactivity with the enzyme.

PMID- 6427215
TI  - Rat liver and small intestine produce proapolipoprotein A-I which is slowly
      processed to apolipoprotein A-I in the circulation.
AB  - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of plasma lipoproteins from male Osborne
      Mendel rats consistently reveals three isoforms of apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A-I)
      with the following apparent pI values and quantitative distribution: isoform 3,
      pI = 5.68, 69%; isoform 4, pI = 5.55, 29%; isoform 5, pI = 5.44, 2%. The two
      major isoforms were obtained by preparative isoelectric focusing and subjected to
      NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis with the following results: isoform 3,
      (Asp)-Glu-Pro-Gln-Ser-Gln-Trp-Asp-Arg-Val; isoform 4, X-Glu-Phe-X-Gln-Gln-Asp-Glu
      Pro-Gln-Ser. By comparison with the amino acid sequence previously reported for
      the primary translation product of rat intestinal apo-A-I mRNA (Gordon et al.
      (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 971-978), isoform 3, the more basic isoform, is
      identified as mature apo-A-I and isoform 4 as its proform ( proapo -A-I). The
      proform differs from mature apo-A-I by a 6-amino acid extension at the NH2
      terminus. Isoform 5 was not identified further. The plasma steady state
      distribution of the apo-A-I forms indicates that proapo -A-I is relatively stable
      in the circulation. Virtually all plasma proapo -A-I is lipoprotein-associated.
      No significant differences in the steady state proportions of plasma apo-A-I
      forms were observed between male and female rats, or among various subfractions
      of plasma high density lipoproteins obtained by heparin-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography or by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Rats fed a high fat,
      high cholesterol diet, however, showed an increase in the proportion of
      circulating proapo -A-I. The relative increase in proform was even more
      pronounced in rats fed a fat-free diet containing orotic acid. The biosynthesis,
      secretion, and metabolism of the various apo-A-I forms were also studied. In
      liver and intestine, the only known sites of apo-A-I synthesis in the rat,
      approximately 85% of the newly synthesized intracellular apo-A-I, was the proform
      . Proapo -A-I was also the predominant form (approximately 80%) released into the
      circulation by isolated, perfused livers and by autoperfused intestinal segments
      in vivo. Gradual processing of circulating proapo -A-I to mature apo-A-I was
      observed in vivo following pulse-labeling of apo-A-I with [3H]leucine. Processing
      in vivo was approximately 80% complete in 10 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6427216
TI  - A Mr 70,000 phosphoprotein of sympathetic neurons regulated by nerve growth
      factor and by depolarization.
AB  - The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on protein phosphorylation was
      investigated in cultures of dissociated, purified chick sympathetic neurons
      labeled with inorganic [32P]phosphate or [35S]methionine. For at least 90 min
      after dissociation and purification of the neurons, overall protein
      phosphorylation was similar in the absence and presence of added NGF, indicating
      that the neurons were not unspecifically affected by this period of NGF
      deprivation. Addition of NGF resulted in a marked decrease in the phosphorylation
      of a 70,000-dalton protein, designated p70 . p70 existed in five isoelectric
      variants, referred to as p70 /1-5. p70 /1 was unphosphorylated and was the least
      acidic variant. p70 /2-5 contained progressively more phosphate and they were
      increasingly acidic. NGF, via dephosphorylation (or via a highly specific and
      very limited proteolysis), induced the conversion of p70 /5 and p70 /4 to p70 /2.
      The effect of NGF on p70 involved phosphothreonine residues to a greater extent
      than phosphoserine residues and occurred rapidly, being detectable after 5 min
      and complete after 15 min. 8-Br-cAMP did not mimic the effect of NGF on p70 .
      Depolarization of the neurons with high K+ and addition of the calcium ionophore
      A23187 produced effects on the phosphorylated p70 variants similar to those
      induced by NGF. The response of p70 to two distinct "survival factors," NGF and
      depolarization, may suggest a role for this phosphoprotein in the survival of
      sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 6427217
TI  - Purification and characterization of a retinol-binding glycoprotein synthesized
      and secreted by bovine neural retina.
AB  - A retinol-binding glycoprotein ( IRBP ) was purified in milligram quantities from
      the extracellular matrix ( interphotoreceptor matrix) that occupies the
      subretinal space in bovine eyes. IRBP binds 2.2 molecules of all-trans retinol
      with a KD of approximately 10(-6) M. The holoprotein has lambda max at 280 nm
      (E1%1 cm = 10.99) and at 330 nm (E1%1 cm = 7.88). When freshly isolated from
      light-exposed eyes, IRBP contains up to 0.6 molecule of all-trans retinol,
      together with small amounts of the 11-cis and 13-cis isomers. IRBP also binds
      exogenous cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and all-trans retinoic acid, all of
      which are completely displaced by all trans retinol. The affinity of alpha
      tocopherol for IRBP was at least several orders of magnitude less than that of
      all-trans retinol. IRBP contains 8.4% by weight of carbohydrate, which consists
      of sialic acid, neutral hexoses, and glucosamine in the molar ratio of
      approximately 1:3:2. No galactosamine was detected. Observations on the binding
      of 125I-labeled lectins to IRBP in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels
      before and after desialosylation suggest that at least one oligosaccharide chain
      is of the sialated biantennary complex type and contains fucose. The Mr of IRBP
      on calibrated size-exclusion columns averaged 249,000; on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels (with or without dithiothreitol) the apparent Mr was 144,000.
      IRBP exists in at least four isoelectric forms that bind concanavalin A and have
      pI values ranging from 4.4 to 4.8. Rabbit anti-bovine IRBP antiserum gave a
      single precipitin line against purified bovine IRBP , which showed a line of
      complete identity with crude bovine interphotoreceptor matrix and a line of
      partial identity with human interphotoreceptor matrix. The human material
      contains a prominent protein with lectin-binding properties similar to bovine
      IRBP but with a somewhat faster electrophoretic mobility. When isolated bovine
      neural retinas were incubated with 3H-labeled fucose, glucosamine, or leucine, a
      solitary labeled protein identified as IRBP was secreted into the medium. Labeled
      IRBP could not be detected in the medium when retinal pigment epithelium was
      incubated with these precursors under the same conditions. Neural retinas
      incubated with 3H-labeled leucine in the presence of tunicamycin secreted a form
      of IRBP that did not bind concanavalin A and had an Mr reduced by approximately
      5,000.

PMID- 6427218
TI  - Endo-beta-D-galactosidases of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia freundii
      hydrolyze linear but not branched oligosaccharide domains of glycolipids of the
      neolacto series.
AB  - The specificities of the endo-beta-galactosidases of Bacteroides fragilis and
      Escherichia freundii towards linear and branched oligosaccharides of the lacto-N
      glycosyl series were investigated using as substrates glycolipids containing (a)
      linear neolactotetra - or hexaosyl sequences, (b) branched biantennary
      neolactooctaosyl sequences, and (c) triantennary neolactononaor dodecaglycosyl
      sequences. Glycolipid and oligosaccharide hydrolysis products were identified by
      tlc and/or paper chromatography. The rate of hydrolysis was assessed in time
      course experiments in which the oligosaccharides released were quantified as 3H
      labeled alditols. The salient observations were as follows. (i) With the
      substrates thus far tested in the present and a previous study ( Scudder , P.,
      Uemura , K., Dolby , J., Fukuda, M.N., and Feizi , T. (1983) Biochem. J. 213, 485
      494), the endo-beta-galactosidases from B. fragilis and E. freudii have
      indistinguishable specificities. (ii) The beta-galactosidic linkage of the branch
      point sequence (Formula: see text) is completely resistant to hydrolysis by these
      enzymes, although the unbranched sequence GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc/Glc
      is readily cleaved. (iii) At an optimal concentration of detergent, the endo-beta
      galactosidase susceptibility of the GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc sequence near
      the ceramide moiety of branched glycolipids is similar to that of the
      corresponding sequence in linear glycolipids.

PMID- 6427219
TI  - The folate-binding protein of rat kidney. Purification, properties, and cellular
      distribution.
AB  - Folate-binding protein (FBP) from rat kidney was isolated, and its properties and
      location in the kidney were determined. The particulate fraction of rat kidney
      homogenate was freed of its bound folate, solubilized with Triton X-100, and the
      FBP was purified using a combination of DEAE-cellulose and affinity
      chromatography. The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis, has an isoelectric point of 5.7, contains 21.7%
      carbohydrate, and has an Mr of 28,500-30,000. The purified protein retained its
      affinities for different folate derivatives and its sensitivity to inorganic
      anions. Inorganic anions enhanced the binding of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate;
      chloride ion was the most effective, followed by Br- greater than I- greater than
      SO2-4. Chloride ion was also found to lower the dissociation constant of the
      folic acid-FBP complex at 50 degrees C by about 10-fold. This effect is thought
      to derive from the formation of a ternary FBP-folic acid-Cl- complex which is
      more stable than the binary FBP-folic acid complex. An antiserum raised against
      the purified protein in rabbits was used to determine the location of FBP in the
      kidney by immunofluorescence. Intense fluorescence staining for FBP was localized
      at the apices (brush border) of proximal tubules. The choroid plexus, an organ
      previously shown to contain FBP, also exhibited intense fluorescent staining.

PMID- 6427220
TI  - A novel mechanism for the insulin-like effect of vanadate on glycogen synthase in
      rat adipocytes.
AB  - Vanadate activated rat adipocyte glycogen synthase similarly to insulin in a dose
      and time-dependent manner. No additional effect was observed when insulin and
      vanadate were added together. Vanadate also partially counteracted the effect of
      epinephrine to activate rat adipocyte glycogen phosphorylase similarly to
      insulin. Inhibition of Na+K+ATPase or stimulation of hydrogen peroxide generation
      were shown not to be the mechanisms of the insulin-like action of vanadate on
      glycogen synthase. Vanadate stimulated the phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton
      subunit of the insulin receptor on tyrosine residues both in intact adipocytes
      and in a solubilized insulin receptor fraction. Vanadate also stimulated the
      phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton subunit of a highly purified insulin
      receptor from human placenta. Neither the insulin receptor fraction from rat
      adipocyte nor the highly purified insulin receptor from human placenta contained
      any detectable phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity. Potassium fluoride had no
      stimulatory effect on the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Vanadate
      caused a 10-fold decrease in the Km for ATP, for tyrosine kinase, and enhanced
      the phosphorylation of histone H2B. These results demonstrate that vanadate
      enhances the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor by stimulating the kinase
      reaction in a similar but not identical manner to insulin.

PMID- 6427221
TI  - Activation of a 15-lipoxygenase/leukotriene pathway in human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes by the anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen.
AB  - Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) metabolized
      [14C]arachidonic acid predominantly by lipoxygenase pathways. The major products
      were 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and 15-HETE. These and
      other lipoxygenase products, including their derived leukotrienes, have been
      implicated as mediators of inflammatory and allergic reactions. In human
      platelets, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen inhibited production
      of the cyclooxygenase product thromboxane B2 (I50 = 65 microM), whereas the
      lipoxygenase product 12-HETE was not appreciably affected even at 5 mM ibuprofen.
      The 5-lipoxygenase of human PMNs (measured by 5-HETE formation) was inhibited by
      ibuprofen but was about six times less sensitive (I50 = 420 microM) than the
      platelet cyclooxygenase. The unexpected observation was made that the human PMN
      15-lipoxygenase/leukotriene pathway was selectively activated by 1-5 mM
      ibuprofen. Metabolites were identified by ultraviolet spectroscopy, by
      radioimmunoassay, or by retention times on high pressure liquid chromatography in
      comparison with authentic standards. The major product was 15-HETE; and in all of
      19 donors tested, 15-HETE formation was stimulated up to 20-fold by 5 mM
      ibuprofen. Other identified products included 12-HETE and 15- and 12
      hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Activation of the 15-lipoxygenase by ibuprofen
      occurred within 1 min and was readily reversible. The effects of aspirin,
      indomethacin, and ibuprofen on the PMN 15-lipoxygenase were compared in six
      donors. Ibuprofen produced an average 9-fold stimulation of the enzyme, whereas
      aspirin and indomethacin resulted in an average 1.5- and 2-fold enhancement,
      respectively.

PMID- 6427222
TI  - Intermediates in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase reaction.
AB  - At least two intermediates of the D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) reaction were liberated in detectable amounts
      when the functioning enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum was quenched in acid.
      Using substrate labeled with 32P in C-1, [32P]orthophosphate (Pi) was found when
      the quenched solution was rapidly processed for extraction of Pi as the acid
      molybdate complex. Reaction with sodium borohydride under mildly alkaline
      conditions immediately after acid quenching of the carboxylase reaction decreased
      the amount of 32Pi that was observed by 68%. The compound whose degradation to Pi
      was prevented by reaction with sodium borohydride decomposed under both acid and
      neutral conditions with a half-time of about 5 min at 25 degrees C and was
      assigned to the beta-keto acid recently demonstrated for the spinach enzyme (
      Schloss , J.V., and Lorimer , G.H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4691-4694). It was
      sufficiently stable upon neutralization to react productively with fresh enzyme.
      As substrate CO2 concentration was decreased below the steady state Km value, the
      proportion of the 32P that did not react with sodium borohydride increased,
      indicative of a second unstable intermediate that precedes the carboxylation
      step. The decomposition of the latter intermediate to Pi, which occurs with a
      t1/2 less than or equal to 6 ms, was prevented if I2 was present in the acid
      quench medium. These are properties expected of the 2,3- enediol form of ribulose
      bisphosphate. Both intermediates reach their maximum levels when product
      formation is most rapid and disappear when product formation is complete as
      expected of reaction intermediates.

PMID- 6427223
TI  - Natural human interferon-gamma. Complete amino acid sequence and determination of
      sites of glycosylation.
AB  - Fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes were induced with desacetylthymosin 
      alpha 1 and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The induced gamma interferon (or IFN
      gamma, immune interferon, type II interferon) was purified to homogeneity
      utilizing controlled-pore glass, concanavalin A-Sepharose, Bio-Gel P100, or
      Sephacryl S-200, and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. This
      procedure resulted in two active species with apparent Mr = 20,000 and 25,000 as
      judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both species
      were found to have identical amino acid sequences with a pyroglutamate residue as
      NH2-terminus. In both cases six different COOH termini were found. They are, at
      least qualitatively, identical in both species. There are two possible Asn-X
      Ser/Thr glycosylation sites. Both carry carbohydrates in the Mr = 25,000 species
      whereas in the Mr = 20,000 species only one site is glycosylated. This likely
      explains the difference in apparent molecular weight between the two species and
      the expected molecular weight based upon the amino acid sequence.

PMID- 6427224
TI  - Purification and properties of a stilbene synthase from induced cell suspension
      cultures of peanut.
AB  - Stilbene synthase ( resveratrol -forming) converts one molecule of rho- coumaroyl
      -CoA and three molecules of malonyl-CoA into 3,4',5- trihydroxystilbene .
      Following selective induction of stilbene synthesis in cell suspension cultures
      of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), the enzyme was extracted and purified to apparent
      homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite. The enzyme
      was found to be a dimer of estimated Mr = 90,000 exhibiting under denaturing
      conditions a subunit Mr of approximately 45,000. The isoelectric point was
      determined with pI = 4.8. The enzyme's high selectivity towards rho- coumaroyl 
      CoA (Km = 2 microM) as substrate qualified it as resveratrol -forming stilbene
      synthase. Structurally related CoA esters, e.g. dihydro-rho- coumaroyl -CoA and
      cinnamoyl-CoA, were converted less than 1/10 as efficiently as rho- coumaroyl 
      CoA. Malonyl-CoA (Km = 10 microM) could not be substituted by acetyl-CoA. The
      purified enzyme was free of chalcone synthase activity. Antibodies raised against
      stilbene synthase were shown to be monospecific and not to cross-react with
      chalcone synthase.

PMID- 6427225
TI  - Dexamethasone induction of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator in HTC hepatoma
      cells.
AB  - Incubation of HTC rat hepatoma cells with dexamethasone causes a rapid decrease
      in cellular plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Mixing experiments show the
      presence of an inhibitor of PA in dexamethasone-treated cells. This study
      investigates whether the decrease in PA activity is secondary to the induction of
      an inhibitor by glucocorticoids, to a decrease in the amount of PA, or to a
      combination of both mechanisms. PA and its inhibitor are dissociated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions,
      and both activities are then recovered and quantitated. HTC cells have two major
      forms of PA with Mr values of 110,000 and 64,000. Although PA activity in the
      unfractionated extracts from dexamethasone-treated cells is inhibited by 90%
      relative to control, there is no decrease in the total activity of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-dissociated PA activity, suggesting that dexamethasone causes no decrease
      in the amount of the enzyme. PA inhibitor activity migrates as a single band of
      Mr = 50,000. The total activity of inhibitor increases in a time-dependent
      fashion, reaching a maximum of greater than 10 times control after a 4-6-h
      incubation with 0.1 microM dexamethasone. The induction of inhibitor requires
      both RNA and protein synthesis and shows a dependence on dexamethasone
      concentration identical to that for responses known to be mediated by
      glucocorticoid receptors. We conclude that dexamethasone inhibits PA activity by
      inducing the synthesis of an inhibitor rather than by decreasing the amount of
      PA.

PMID- 6427226
TI  - Pepsin-generated type VI collagen is a degradation product of GP140.
AB  - A major extracellular matrix glycoprotein, GP140 , synthesized by WI-38 human
      lung fibroblasts has previously been shown to be collagen-like. A form of GP140
      that is related to extracellular matrix GP140 both antigenically and in apparent
      molecular mass was isolated from human placenta. Types I-VI collagen were
      isolated from human tissues by limited pepsin digestion, selective salt
      precipitation, and chromatography. Immunoblot analysis of the collagens and GP140
      utilizing affinity-purified polyclonal antiserum directed against extracellular
      matrix GP140 demonstrated cross-reactivity of antibodies with type VI collagen.
      Both type VI collagen and matrix GP140 could be digested with bacterial
      collagenase following reduction with dithiothreitol but were collagenase
      insensitive under nonreducing conditions, unlike types I-V collagen. Placental
      and matrix GP140 and type VI collagen were shown to have receptors for 125I
      labeled Lens culinaris lectin. Pepsin digestion of WI-38 extracellular matrix
      GP140 yielded a 64,000-dalton band which co-migrated with subunits of reduced
      type VI collagen on Coomassie-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis gels, reacted with anti- GP140 antiserum and 125I-labeled L.
      culinaris lectin, and was collagenase-sensitive only under reducing conditions.
      CNBr fragmentation of extracellular matrix GP140 , the 64,000-dalton pepsin
      resistant peptide of GP140 and type VI collagen followed by immunoblot analysis
      using anti- GP140 revealed similarities in peptide maps of GP140 and type VI
      collagen. Our data strongly suggest that GP140 and type VI collagen share
      characteristics that differ from those of other collagen types and that
      intermolecular disulfide bonding appears to stabilize these molecules in their
      native unreduced form, thus conferring collagenase resistance. Finally, the SC1
      and SC2 subunits of type VI collagen appear to be generated by pepsin digestion
      of GP140 .

PMID- 6427227
TI  - Oxygen-18 incorporation into malic acid during nocturnal carbon dioxide fixation
      in crassulacean acid metabolism plants. A new approach to estimating in vivo
      carbonic anhydrase activity.
AB  - Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants fix carbon dioxide at night by the
      carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate. If CO2 fixation is conducted with 13C18O2 ,
      then in the absence of carbonic anhydrase, the malate formed by dark CO2 fixation
      should also contain high levels of carbon-13 and oxygen-18. Conversely, if
      carbonic anhydrase is present and highly active, oxygen exchange between CO2 and
      cellular H2O will occur more rapidly than carboxylation, and the [13C] malate
      formed will contain little or no oxygen-18 above the natural abundance level. The
      presence of oxygen-18 in these molecules can be detected either by nuclear
      magnetic resonance (using the oxygen-18 effect on the carbon-13 chemical shift of
      the carboxyl carbon) or by mass spectrometry (comparing the ions at three and
      five units above the molecular weight with that one unit above). Studies of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the presence and absence of carbonic anhydrase
      in vitro confirm the validity of the method. When CAM plants are studied by this
      method, we find that most species show incorporation of a significant amount of
      oxygen-18. Comparison of these results with results of isotope fractionation and
      gas exchange studies permits calculation of the in vivo activity of carbonic
      anhydrase toward HCO-3 compared with that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The
      ratio (carbonic anhydrase activity/phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity) is
      species dependent and varies from a low of about 7 for Ananas comosus to values
      near 20 for Hoya carnosa and Bryophyllum pinnatum , 40 for Kalancho e
      daigremontiana , and 100 or greater for Bryophyllum tubiflorum , Kalancho e
      serrata, and Kalancho e tomentosa. Carbonic anhydrase activity increases relative
      to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity at higher temperature.

PMID- 6427228
TI  - Evidence for a role of phospholipase activity in the serum stimulation of Na+
      influx in human fibroblasts.
AB  - Serum stimulation of cultured human fibroblasts activates a Na+ influx via an
      amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange system. Evidence is presented which indicates
      that phospholipase activity is an important component of the mechanism by which
      mitogen receptor occupation leads to activation of Na+/H+ exchange. Serum
      stimulation of Na+ flux is effectively blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase
      activity such as mepacrine and U-1002. The Ki values for inhibition of Na+ flux
      by these agents (10 microM and 18 microM, respectively) are comparable to their
      Ki values for inhibition of serum-stimulated arachidonic acid release. In
      contrast, the activation of Na+ influx produced by the divalent cation A23187 is
      not affected by phospholipase inhibitors indicating that these agents
      specifically block mitogen activation of Na+ flux rather than nonspecifically
      disrupting the membrane's ability to perform Na+/H+ exchange. The phospholipase
      activator melittin stimulates Na+ influx in the absence of mitogens at
      concentrations that cause a comparable stimulation of arachidonic acid release.
      The melittin-stimulated Na+ influx is inhibited by amiloride and mepacrine,
      suggesting that melittin activation of phospholipase activity leads to the
      activation of the Na+/H+ exchange system. In addition, chronic treatment of cells
      with dexamethasone, which is known to induce an endogenous phospholipase
      inhibitor in human fibroblasts, leads to a substantial inhibition of the serum
      stimulation of both Na+ influx and arachidonic acid release. When taken together,
      these data support the involvement of phospholipase activity in the serum
      stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchange system.

PMID- 6427229
TI  - Solubilization and affinity purification of the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor
      from human fibroblasts.
AB  - Plasma membranes showing specific binding of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M)
      complexes were isolated from normal human fibroblasts. The membrane preparation
      was solubilized with Triton X-100, and specific binding to solubilized receptor
      was demonstrated by precipitation of the alpha 2M X protease receptor complexes
      with polyethylene glycol. The solubilized receptor could be quantitatively
      adsorbed on immobilized alpha 2M complexes. Adsorbed receptor was then
      dissociated from the alpha 2M complexes with either EDTA, bacitracin, the
      monoclonal anti-receptor-recognition site antibody F2B2 , or low pH. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the affinity-purified
      receptor preparation revealed polypeptides of 360, 130, and 83 kDa.

PMID- 6427230
TI  - Binding of C-reactive protein to chromatin and nucleosome core particles. A
      possible physiological role of C-reactive protein.
AB  - By using a variety of biochemical techniques, chromatin and chromatin fragments
      have been identified as probable physiological ligands for C-reactive protein.
      Studies using 14C-labeled C-reactive protein show that binding to chromatin is
      saturable with a Kd = 8 X 10(-7) M, a value indicating that the affinity of C
      reactive protein for chromatin is at least four times its affinity for
      phosphorylcholine. At saturation, there is approximately one C-reactive protein
      binding site for every 160 base pairs of DNA in chromatin. The interaction of C
      reactive protein with chicken erythrocyte nucleosome core particle has been
      studied. Fifty per cent inhibition of the binding of C-reactive protein to
      phosphorylcholine is obtained at a core particle concentration of 1.25 X 10(-9)
      M, indicating that the affinity of C-reactive protein for one of the sites on
      core particles is at least 2400 times greater than the affinity of C-reactive
      protein for phosphorylcholine. The possibility that C-reactive protein may act as
      a scavenger for chromatin fragments released from damaged cells is discussed.

PMID- 6427231
TI  - Atlanto-axial instability and spinal cord compression in children--diagnosis by
      computerized tomography.
AB  - Five children who were at risk for atlanto-axial instability underwent
      computerized tomography scanning of the cervical spine in flexion and extension
      to document the degree of bone instability and the presence or absence of spinal
      cord compression. Two patients had Morquio's syndrome, two had os odontoideum ,
      and one had Klippel-Feil syndrome, and in all five the lateral radiographs of the
      cervical spine in flexion and extension were equivocal with regard to instability
      or were difficult to interpret because of the bone anomalies. The computerized
      tomography scan then provided a diagnosis by a non-invasion technique and
      quantitated the amount of compromise of the spinal cord by delineating flattening
      of the cord. The scan therefore helped the surgeon to decide if the spinal cord
      was at significant risk and if atlanto-axial fusion was advisable.

PMID- 6427232
TI  - Bone and joint tuberculosis. A survey of notifications in England and Wales.
AB  - Of the 4172 patients in a survey of all cases of tuberculosis notified in a six
      month period in England and Wales in 1978-79, 198 had a bone or joint lesion; 79
      were white and 108 were of Indian subcontinent (Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi)
      ethnic origin. The estimated annual notification rates for orthopaedic
      tuberculosis were 29 per 100 000 for the Indian subcontinent group and 0.34 per
      100 000 in the white group, a ratio of 85 to 1. Rates increased with age in both
      groups. The spine was the most common site, and was affected in 30% of the white
      patients and 43% of the Indian subcontinent patients; the distribution of other
      sites was similar in both groups. Positive culture from a bone or joint lesion
      was obtained in 99 (50%) of the 198 patients (58% of white patients and 47% of
      the Indian subcontinent patients). Bacteriological or histological confirmation
      of tuberculosis either from a bone or joint lesion or from another site was
      obtained in 68% of the patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the
      orthopaedic lesions in 79 of the 82 patients with identification test results and
      M. bovis in the 3 remaining patients. Of the 61 patients with M. tuberculosis and
      with no history of previous chemotherapy, 5 had resistant strains compared with 1
      of the 18 patients who had previously received chemotherapy. All 6 patients with
      resistant strains were of Indian subcontinent ethnic origin.

PMID- 6427233
TI  - Sonography of milk of calcium in a calyceal diverticulum: a case report.
AB  - Ultrasonography is the modality of choice in differentiating between cystic and
      solid renal lesions. It is somewhat less effective in demonstrating renal
      calculi. We report here a patient referred for investigation of a calcified renal
      mass, in whom ultrasonography permitted the diagnosis of milk of calcium in a
      calyceal diverticulum.

PMID- 6427234
TI  - Ca2+-dependent binding of severin to actin: a one-to-one complex is formed.
AB  - Severin is a protein from Dictyostelium that severs actin filaments in a Ca2+
      dependent manner and remains bound to the filament fragments (Brown, S. S., K.
      Yamamoto, and J. A. Spudich , 1982, J. Cell Biol., 93:205-210; Yamamoto, K., J.
      D. Pardee , J. Reidler , L. Stryer , and J. A. Spudich , 1982, J. Cell Biol.
      95:711-719). Further characterization of the interaction of severin with actin
      suggests that it remains bound to the preferred assembly end of the fragmented
      actin filaments. Addition of severin in molar excess to actin causes total
      disassembly of the filaments and the formation of a high-affinity complex
      containing one severin and one actin. This severin -actin complex does not sever
      actin filaments. The binding of severin to actin, measured directly by
      fluorescence energy transfer, requires micromolar Ca2+, as does the severing and
      depolymerizing activity reported previously. Once bound to actin in the presence
      of greater than 1 microM Ca2+, severin is not released from the actin when the
      Ca2+ is lowered to less than 0.1 microM by addition of EGTA. Tropomyosin, DNase
      I, phalloidin, and cytochalasin B have no effect on the ability of severin to
      bind to or sever actin filaments. Subfragment 1 of myosin, however, significantly
      inhibits severin activity. Severin binds not only to actin filaments, but also
      directly to G-actin, as well as to other conformational species of actin.

PMID- 6427235
TI  - Mouse myeloma cells that make short immunoglobulin heavy chains: pleiotropic
      effects on glycosylation and chain assembly.
AB  - Two variants in immunoglobulin heavy chain production, derived from the MPC 11
      mouse myeloma cell line, make short heavy (H) chains with identical precise
      deletions of the CH3 domain. The CH3 domain is expressed in the H chain mRNA from
      both variants. Although in vitro translation of this mRNA produces one H chain
      species, deleted heavy chains are secreted as heavy-light (HL) and H2L2 moieties
      in contrast to MPC 11, which secretes only H2L2 . The heavy chains of HL
      apparently contain more carbohydrate (CHO+) than do the H chains of H2L2 , and
      inhibition of N-linked glycosylation results in the secretion of relatively more
      H2L2 . Here we present evidence suggesting that (a) the absence of the CH3 domain
      has led to conformational changes in these molecules, (b) these changes permit
      posttranslational glycosylation, and (c) unrestrained glycosylation can
      frequently yield unusual CHO+ structures that make complete assembly unlikely.

PMID- 6427236
TI  - Substrate and phospholipid specificity of the purified mannitol permease of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - D-Mannitol is transported and phosphorylated by a specific enzyme II of the
      phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli. This protein was purified
      previously in detergent solution and has been partially characterized. As one
      approach in understanding the structure and mechanism of this enzyme/permease, we
      have tested a number of sugar alcohols and their derivatives as substrates and/or
      inhibitors of this protein. Our results show that the mannitol permease is
      highly, but not absolutely, specific for D-mannitol. Compounds accepted by the
      enzyme include those with substitutions in the C-2(= C-5) position of the carbon
      backbone of the natural substrate as well as D-mannonic acid, one heptitol and
      one pentitol. All of these compounds were both inhibitors and substrates for the
      mannitol permease except for D-mannoheptitol, which was an inhibitor but was not
      phosphorylated by the enzyme. No compound examined, however, exhibited an
      affinity for the enzyme as high as that for its natural substrate. We have also
      investigated the phospholipid requirements of the mannitol permease using
      phospholipids purified from E coli. The purified protein was significantly
      activated by phosphatidylethanolamine, but little activation was observed with
      phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin. These observations partially delineate
      requirements for interaction of sugar alcohols and phospholipids with the
      mannitol permease. They suggest approaches for the design of specific active site
      probes for the protein, and strategies for stabilizing the enzyme's activity in
      vitro.

PMID- 6427237
TI  - Measurement of cerebral blood flow using bolus inhalation of C15O2 and positron
      emission tomography: description of the method and its comparison with the C15O2
      continuous inhalation method.
AB  - This article describes a rapid method for the regional measurement of cerebral
      blood flow using a single breath of C15O2 and positron emission tomography. The
      technique is based on the bolus distribution principle and utilises a reference
      table for the calculation of flow. Seven subjects were studied using both this
      method and the C15O2 continuous inhalation steady-state technique. The single
      breath method gave flow values 20% higher than those obtained using the steady
      state method. A simulation study was performed in an attempt to define the
      reasons for the difference between the two techniques. Estimations were made of
      identified sources of error in the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow
      using the single-breath technique and compared with results from a similar study
      previously described for the steady-state technique. However, further comparative
      studies will be necessary to satisfactorily explain the difference between both
      techniques.

PMID- 6427238
TI  - Measurement of cerebral blood flow in the rat with intravenous injection of
      [11C]butanol by external coincidence counting: a repeatable and noninvasive
      method in the brain.
AB  - No method has been reported for measuring CBF, repeatedly and noninvasively, in
      the rat brain. A new method is described, which is noninvasive to the brain,
      skull, or cervical large vessels. Two pairs of coincidence detectors were
      positioned, one over the rat brain and the other at the loop of a catheter
      inserted into the femoral artery. The coincidence head curve and arterial curve
      were recorded after intravenous injection of 1-[11C]butanol in 15 rats. CBF was
      calculated by one-compartment curve fitting ( CBFo ) from 1-min data and with the
      recirculation corrected height/area method from 3-min data ( CBFh X 3 min) and 5
      min data ( CBFh X 5 min). CBFo agreed well with CBFh X 5 min, although a slight
      overestimation was observed in CBFh X 3 min. The normal CBFo in the normocapnic
      group (n = 6, paCO2 36.7 +/- 2.3 mm Hg) was 1.76 +/- 0.49 ml/g min (mean +/- SD).
      A good correlation was observed between CBFo (y) and PaCO2 (x), and the
      regression line was y = 0. 0629x -0.715 (r = 0.88, p less than 0.0001). We
      concluded that this method gives the stable blood flow values noninvasively and
      with a minimum loss of blood (less than 0.28 ml per measurement). Applications of
      this method include activation studies, studies on the effect of drugs and
      treatments, and water and oxygen extraction fraction studies using different
      tracers in the same rat.

PMID- 6427239
TI  - Weakness, dyspnea in an obese leukemia patient.

PMID- 6427240
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 6427241
TI  - Smoking and cancer.

PMID- 6427242
TI  - Medical discipline in disarray. Retrospective and prospective.

PMID- 6427243
TI  - Against Aequanimitas.

PMID- 6427244
TI  - Human values and cancer.

PMID- 6427245
TI  - A young woman with pleuritic right upper quadrant pain.

PMID- 6427246
TI  - Cancer rehabilitation: people investing in people.

PMID- 6427247
TI  - The spectrum of transfusion reactions.

PMID- 6427248
TI  - The Dublin school: from poverty, a rich legacy.

PMID- 6427249
TI  - Freud's validity: "normal" vs pathologic.

PMID- 6427250
TI  - Predicting anaphylaxis to chymopapain.

PMID- 6427251
TI  - Controversies in cardiology. Pharmacologic therapy is not indicated in the
      treatment of mild hypertension.

PMID- 6427253
TI  - Persistent tachycardia in a teenager--what type is it?

PMID- 6427252
TI  - The case of the enlarged spleen.

PMID- 6427254
TI  - Steroids in malignant diseases: progress in patient selection.

PMID- 6427255
TI  - Studies in constitutionally tall adolescents. II. Effects of bromocriptine on
      growth hormone secretion and adult height prediction.
AB  - After previous demonstration of paradoxical GH responses to TRH and oral glucose
      loading tests in some constitutionally tall adolescents, we studied the effects
      of a small dose of bromocriptine (5 mg/day) on GH secretion and adult height
      prediction. In 10 patients, each of whom had a substantial plasma GH increase
      after TRH injection, bromocriptine reduced or suppressed this abnormal response.
      In 4 of these patients who also had paradoxical GH increases after glucose
      loading, bromocriptine suppressed this abnormality in 2. Predicted adult height
      was reduced in 10 of the 12 patients after 6-12 months of treatment. This
      reduction resulted either from a decrease in growth velocity, an increase in
      skeletal maturation rate, or both. Since no side effects were noticed we suggest
      that bromocriptine may be a valuable alternative to sex steroid treatment to
      limit final height in excessively tall adolescents.

PMID- 6427256
TI  - Follicular fluid treatment during the follicular versus luteal phase of the
      menstrual cycle: effects on corpus luteum function.
AB  - Administration of charcoal-extracted porcine follicular fluid (pFF) to rhesus
      monkeys at the time of menses impairs the subsequent function of the corpus
      luteum of the menstrual cycle. The following studies were performed: 1) to
      characterize the luteal phase defect induced by pFF treatment at menses, and 2)
      to determine whether pFF treatment in the luteal phase alters corpus luteum
      function. Adult, female rhesus monkeys were injected sc for 3 days with pFF (10,
      5, and 5 ml) beginning on day 1 (n = 5) or day 18 (n = 4) of the menstrual cycle.
      Femoral venous blood was collected daily throughout the treatment cycle and
      during the posttreatment cycle of day 18 to 20-treated monkeys. Serum LH, FSH, 17
      beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were measured by RIA. After pFF
      treatment on days 1-3, FSH and E2 levels in the early follicular phase were less
      (P less than 0.05) than those of control cycles (n = 7). Serum LH was not
      suppressed by pFF treatment. Moreover, the preovulatory rise in circulating E2
      and the amplitude of the LH/FSH surge were similar in control and pFF-treated
      monkeys. Although timely midcycle gonadotropin surges occurred in four of five
      pFF-treated monkeys, serum P was markedly reduced (P less than 0.05) during the
      first half of the luteal phase. Circulating P increased to control levels during
      the late luteal phase before normal onset of menses 16.3 +/- 1.0 (SE) days after
      the LH surge. Treatment with pFF on days 18-20 of the cycle reduced the levels of
      circulating FSH, but serum LH, E2, P, and the length of the luteal phase remained
      comparable to control cycles. Moreover, the hormonal patterns and the length of
      the follicular and luteal phases in the posttreatment cycle indicated normal
      ovarian function. Thus, pFF treatment at menses results in an aberrant ovarian
      cycle characterized by an insufficient, rather than short, luteal phase. Whereas
      pFF treatment in the early follicular phase vitiates development of the dominant
      follicle and the related corpus luteum, similar treatment at midluteal phase does
      not suppress concurrent luteal function or subsequent folliculogenesis.

PMID- 6427257
TI  - Effect of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GRH) on plasma GH in relation to
      magnitude and duration of GH deficiency in 26 children and adults with isolated
      GH deficiency or multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies: evidence for
      hypothalamic GRH deficiency.
AB  - Synthetic, amidated, 44 amino acid GH-releasing hormone ( GRH -44) was
      administered iv at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg to 20 patients with severe GH
      deficiency (GHD), 6 children and adolescents with partial GHD, and 6 non-GH
      deficient ( NGHD ) children and adolescents. The 17 patients with severe GHD that
      responded to GRH -44 had lower peak concentrations of plasma GH than the NGHD
      individuals (5.0 +/- 1.2 (SEM) vs. 27.2 +/- 3.5 ng/ml; P less than 0.0001). The
      children and adolescents with severe GHD tended to have higher peak GH responses
      to GRH -44 than the GHD adults (6.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) although the
      difference was not significant. The peak GH concentration was attained earlier in
      the GHD children and adolescents than in the GHD adults (28 +/- 4.7 vs. 69.3 +/-
      13 min, P less than 0.004). There was a negative correlation between
      chronological age and peak plasma GH response to GRH in the children and
      adolescents with severe GHD (r = -0.758, P less than 0.02). Children and
      adolescents with partial GHD had a higher mean peak concentration of plasma GH
      (13. 1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) than the children, adolescents, and adults with severe GHD
      (P less than 0.04), but one lower than the NGHD children and adolescents (P less
      than 0.05). In both severe and partial GHD the GH response to GRH was greater
      than that elicited by standard pharmacological tests. Serum somatomedin-C did not
      increase after a single pulse of GRH -44 in the 12 GHD patients studied. PRL
      increased minimally 30 min after 5 micrograms/kg iv GRH -44 in patients with
      multiple hypothalamic-pituitary hormone deficiencies but not in patients with
      isolated GHD or in NGHD individuals. The GH responses to GRH suggest that the
      majority of patients with isolated GHD as well as those with multiple
      hypothalamic-pituitary hormone deficiencies have deficiency of hypothalamic GRH .
      Lack of a GH response to a single pulse of GRH does not exclude GRH deficiency as
      priming of the somatotrope with multiple pulses of GRH may be necessary to rule
      out a hypothalamic defect in the nonresponders. The results of this study support
      the potential usefulness of GRH or its analogs in the diagnosis and treatment of
      selected patients with disorders of GH secretion.

PMID- 6427258
TI  - Endocrine comparison of obese menstruating and amenorrheic women.
AB  - 10 examine the relationship between obesity and chronic anovulation, we compared
      basal serum LH, FSH, and PRL levels, determined at 20-min intervals, and basal
      C21 [progesterone, 17- hydroxyprogesterone , pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone
      ( 17Pe ), and cortisol], C19 [testosterone (T), delta 4-androstenedione (A), and
      dehydroepiandrosterone] and C18 (estrone and estradiol) steroid hormone
      concentrations measured at 1- to 2-h intervals for a 24-h period in five normal
      weight cycling women (NC) and in two groups of weight-matched obese women. Five
      of the obese women were regularly cycling (OC), and six were amenorrheic (OA).
      Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and non-SHBG-bound T and estradiol
      concentrations were also measured in each woman. Compared to NC women, OC women
      had normal basal protein and steroid hormone concentrations, except for reduced
      17Pe levels (P less than 0.05). Mean SHBG concentrations were reduced by
      approximately 30%, and non-SHBG-bound T was increased by 70%, although the
      differences were not significant. In addition, when six precursors of
      testosterone (pregnenolone, 17Pe , dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, and A) were considered together as a group and the data
      analyzed by the kappa 2 test, a reduction in basal levels of these precursors was
      found in OC women relative to those in NC women (P less than 0.005). In OA women,
      mean concentrations of SHBG were markedly reduced and those of total T, A,
      estrone, and non-SHBG-bound T were significantly increased compared to those in
      both NC and OC women. Mean 24-h concentrations of LH tended to be greatest and
      FSH lowest in this group, but were not significantly different from those in the
      other groups. The mean LH pulse frequency was significantly greater in OA than in
      OC women (P less than 0.05). Mean 24-h PRL and cortisol levels were also reduced
      in OA women relative to those in NC women. These data suggest the possibility of
      a compensatory decline in total T production in OC women in an attempt to
      maintain normal hormonal homeostasis; as a consequence, ovulation continues in a
      cyclic fashion. In OA women, such compensatory mechanisms are no longer
      operative. Instead, a central and/or peripheral defect, resulting in
      overproduction of androgen, may also exist and lead to anovulation in OA women.
      In conclusion, our data imply that obesity is not a primary factor causing
      chronic anovulation. However, obesity may aggravate an already existing subtle
      defect in some women and result in amenorrhea.

PMID- 6427259
TI  - Red blood cell thyroxine in nonthyroid illness and in heparin-treated patients.
AB  - Red blood cell T4 concentrations (RBC T4) were measured in 15 normal subjects, 13
      patients with hypo- or hyperthyroidism, and 10 patients with elevated or
      decreased serum thyroid hormone binding. In each case, RBC T4 was compared with
      the serum concentration of free T4 measured by equilibrium dialysis ( FT4D ). RBC
      T4 correlated significantly with FT4D in these subjects (r = 0.90; P less than
      0.001). The normal range for RBC T4 was 0.27-0.83 ng/ml. RBC T4 was below the
      normal range in all 8 patients with hypothyroidism and above the normal range in
      all 5 patients with hyperthyroidism. It was within the normal range in all 4
      subjects with absent or low T4-binding globulin (TBG) and in 5 of the 6 subjects
      with elevated TBG or familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. The sixth subject
      (increased TBG) had elevated RBC T4 and FT4D . RBC T4 was similarly measured in
      10 patients with severe nonthyroid illness (NTI), 5 of whom had decreased serum
      concentrations of total T4. RBC T4 was normal in 8 of these patients, elevated in
      1, and decreased in 1; in comparison, FT4D was normal in 4, elevated in 5, and
      decreased in 1. Eight patients receiving continuous iv infusions of heparin were
      also studied because of previously described similarities in the in vitro thyroid
      tests of heparin-treated and euthyroid sick patients. FT4D was elevated in 7 of
      the heparin-treated patients, whereas RBC T4 was elevated in only 2. Furthermore,
      for any given value of FT4D , RBC T4 was lower in heparin-treated patients than
      in normal subjects, indicating the presence of an inhibitor of cellular T4
      binding in these patients. This putative inhibitor, demonstrated by an elevated
      FT4D to RBC T4 ratio, was present in 6 of the 8 heparin-treated patients and in 5
      of the 10 patients with NTI. The findings of this study support the hypothesis
      that an inhibitor of cellular T4 binding is present in the serum of some patients
      with NTI and in most heparin-treated individuals.

PMID- 6427260
TI  - Gonadotropin and prolactin pulsations in hyperprolactinemic women before and
      during bromocriptine therapy.
AB  - Pulsatile gonadotropin secretion and its relationship to PRL and estradiol (E2)
      secretion were investigated in 20 hyperprolactinemic amenorrheic women by
      obtaining serial blood samples for 6- to 24-h periods. Thirteen patients were
      restudied in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 3-5) after
      ovulatory periods were established during bromocriptine therapy. In the
      hyperprolactinemic women, the number of LH peaks ranged from 0-12/24 h, and LH
      peak amplitude ranged from 0-1.7 mIU/ml. Serum E2 correlated with mean LH
      concentrations (P less than 0.001) and LH pulse frequency (P less than 0.05), but
      not with LH pulse amplitude. FSH pulsations were identified in 3 of the 20 women.
      There was no correlation between mean FSH concentrations and either serum E2 or
      PRL. There was a significant correlation between LH and FSH concentrations (P
      less than 0.001). During bromocriptine therapy, with comparable E2
      concentrations, 5 of the 6 patients studied with blood sampling every 20 min for
      24 h had a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in the number of LH peaks per
      24 h, with no change in LH peak amplitude. Mean FSH concentrations were unchanged
      in bromocriptine-treated patients; however, there was a significant (P less than
      0.02) decrease in FSH levels during sleep. Serum PRL was normal in all
      bromocriptine-treated patients, but normal PRL secretory patterns were not
      reestablished, and there was no correlation between LH pulsations and serum PRL
      concentrations. We conclude that 1) hyperprolactinemic women have a heterogeneous
      pattern of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion; 2) serum E2 correlates with LH pulse
      frequency but not pulse amplitude; 3) LH pulsations and PRL pulsations are
      asynchronous in hyperprolactinemic women before and during bromocriptine therapy;
      and 4) normal PRL secretory patterns are not required for ovulatory function in
      hyperprolactinemic women treated with bromocriptine.

PMID- 6427261
TI  - Absence of pubertal gonadotropin secretion in girls with McCune-Albright
      syndrome.
AB  - Precocious puberty in girls with McCune-Albright syndrome has been attributed in
      some cases to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and in
      other cases to sex steroid secretion by apparently autonomous ovarian cysts. We
      evaluated serum gonadotropins and sex steroids in six girls (aged 1-9 yr) with
      McCune-Albright syndrome. The children had Tanner stage II-IV pubertal
      development. In five patients, nocturnal gonadotropin concentrations and the
      gonadotropin response to LHRH were within the normal range for prepubertal
      children. Thus, the precocious puberty in these patients could not be explained
      by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. One child had high
      amplitude nocturnal pulses of serum LH and a LH-predominant response to LHRH. She
      was the oldest of the six girls and had a bone age of 13.5 yr which is within the
      range in which hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian activation normally occurs. The
      children all had ovarian enlargement and ovarian cysts determined by ultrasound.
      It appears that precocious puberty in McCune-Albright syndrome may result from
      ovarian estrogen secretion in the absence of normal pubertal activation of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

PMID- 6427262
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in plasma of normal nonpregnant
      subjects and women with breast cancer.
AB  - To understand ectopic hormone secretion in cancer we compared the plasma
      concentrations of the hCG-like substance in normal nonpregnant subjects and in
      women with breast cancer. In 45 normal men the plasma concentrations did not vary
      with age (median, 5 pg/ml; range, less than 3-169) whereas in 45 normal women
      they increased after menopause (median, 48 pg/ml; range, less than 5 -569, n =
      20, P less than 0.0001). In 56 women with breast cancer the plasma concentrations
      of the hCG-like substance after menopause were much higher than in normal women
      (median, 202 pg/ml; range, 14-1561; n = 35; P less than 0.001), with no
      abnormally high pituitary gonadotropin values and no relationship with the tumor
      burden (same median after mastectomy, 198 pg/ml; n = 21). This hCG-like substance
      was glycosylated and similar to standard hCG according to molecular size, ionic
      strength, and immunoreactivity. Our data are compatible with the following
      conclusions: 1) the plasma concentration of the hCG-like substance is normally
      very low but dependent on gonadal function in women. Its source might be the
      pituitary gland or peripheral tissues. 2) Its concentration is much increased in
      postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma. This increase is found with normal
      pituitary gonadotropin values and is independent of the tumor burden, suggesting
      it is of extrapituitary and nontumoral origin.

PMID- 6427263
TI  - Reverse triiodothyronine does not alter pituitary-thyroid function in normal
      subjects.
AB  - Serum rT3 concentrations are often increased in patients with nonthyroid illness.
      Such elevations could be responsible for some of the alterations in pituitary
      thyroid function that occur in such patients, particularly since rT3 is a potent
      inhibitor of extrathyroidal T3 production in vitro. To evaluate the role of serum
      rT3 elevations in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, 10
      normal subjects were given 3 mg rT3, orally, in divided doses for 4 days. Serum
      rT3 concentrations were elevated at least 10-fold by the end of the first day of
      treatment. Mean serum T4 and T3 concentrations did not change, nor was there any
      change in basal or TRH-stimulated serum TSH concentrations. There was, likewise,
      no change in serum binding of T3 or T4. These results show that rT3, given
      orally, has no detectable activity in normal subjects, and hence, elevations in
      serum rT3 concentrations per se do not contribute to other abnormalities in
      thyroid function found in patients with nonthyroid illness.

PMID- 6427264
TI  - Patterns of prolactin secretion in the syndrome of general resistance to thyroid
      hormones.
AB  - The dynamics of TSH and PRL secretion were studied in three patients with
      incomplete generalized resistance to thyroid hormones. Results in the first
      patient differed from those in the other two. The first patient had been treated
      previously with radioiodine but was clinically euthyroid when subsequently
      treated with supraphysiological quantities of T3 and T4. Increasing doses of T4
      from 0.2-0.3 mg/day caused a decline in serum TSH levels and lesser increments in
      TSH to injected TRH in this patient. The other two patients had not been treated,
      but had basal TSH levels and TSH responses to TRH similar to those in the first
      patient. However, the TSH response to injected metoclopramide in the first
      patient was substantially higher than the responses in the other two patients.
      The basal levels of PRL in the first patient were elevated at both T4 doses;
      also, her PRL responses to TRH and metoclopramide were exaggerated and, compared
      to normal values, disproportionate to her TSH responses to these provocative
      agents. In contrast, the other two patients had normal basal PRL concentrations
      and normal or near-normal PRL responses to TRH and metoclopramide. We conclude
      that within the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormones, there are
      heterogeneous patterns of PRL secretion. Dopaminergic tone on thyrotrophs and
      lactotrophs also differs among patients with the syndrome.

PMID- 6427265
TI  - Immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing factor in human stalk median eminence.
AB  - Immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing factor was detected in extracts of
      acetone preserved human stalk median eminence utilizing an antiserum against
      human GRF-(1-44)-NH2, isolated from a pancreatic tumor. The antibody is highly
      specific for the C-terminus of GRF-(1-44)-NH2, and has a cross-reactivity less
      than 0.02% with GRF-(1-40) free acid, a peptide isolated from a different
      pancreatic tumor. The mean concentration of IR-GRF in 5 pools of 10-15 stalk
      median eminence fragments was 57.7 +/- 7.2 ng/mg protein (mean +/- SEM, range
      42.5-75.8 ng/mg protein). Gel filtration chromatographic analysis showed that 97%
      of the IR-GRF coeluted with synthetic hpGRF-(1-44)-NH2 and eluate inhibition of
      binding in the radioimmunoassay was parallel to that of hpGRF-(1-44)-NH2. These
      data strongly suggest that human hypothalamic tissue contains a peptide that is
      similar to hpGRF-(1-44)-NH2.

PMID- 6427266
TI  - Intranasal and subcutaneous treatment of central precocious puberty in both sexes
      with a long-acting analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - The chronic administration of the long-acting LHRH agonist analog D-Ser(TBU)6
      LHRH-EA10 (HOE 766, Buserelin) suppresses pituitary gonadotropin secretion. Since
      a similar analog was shown to be effective in the short term parenteral treatment
      of idiopathic precocious puberty in girls (10), we used Buserelin both
      intranasally and sc to treat patients of both sexes with idiopathic and secondary
      central precocious puberty to test its efficacy, safety, and potential for long
      term use. Six girls and two boys presented with advanced skeletal maturity,
      accelerated growth velocity, Tanner stage II-IV pubertal development, and
      pubertal levels of sex steroids and gonadotropins. Patients were treated for 6
      months sc and up to 5 months intranasally. Optimal doses ranged from 10-20
      micrograms/kg X day in girls and 30 micrograms/kg X day in boys, with marked
      individual variation. During sc therapy, there was significant suppression of
      growth velocity (P less than 0.001), serum gonadotropins (P less than 0.001), 17
      beta-estradiol (P less than 0.005), and testosterone as well as clinical and
      behavioral improvement. The rate of bone maturation was reduced. All effects were
      reversed after discontinuation of therapy for 1 month in one girl. No reduction
      in efficacy was seen after changing four girls and one boy to intranasal therapy,
      but improved acceptability and compliance were reported by parents. Apart from
      withdrawal bleeding in one girl and transient acceleration of puberty in two
      patients during the initial phase of treatment, no serious unwanted effects
      occurred. Antibodies to native LHRH were not detected after 6 months of therapy.
      These results confirm the efficacy and safety of Buserelin by intranasal and sc
      routes in patients with sexual precocity and indicate a need for long term
      studies.

PMID- 6427267
TI  - Stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin C in idiopathic GH-deficient
      subjects by intermittent pulsatile administration of synthetic human pancreatic
      tumor GH-releasing factor.
AB  - After initial challenges with vehicle alone and then 10 micrograms/kg human
      pancreatic tumor GH-releasing factor (hpGRF)-40, six adult subjects who had
      presented in childhood with idiopathic GH deficiency were given 0.33
      micrograms/kg hpGRF-40, iv, every 3 h for 5 days. Serum GH levels were monitored
      daily for 90 min after the 0800 h doses of 0.33 micrograms/kg hpGRF-40, and serum
      somatomedin C was measured at 0800 and 2000 h. In addition, plasma levels of
      cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were
      measured daily at 0800 h. Three hours after the last 0.33 micrograms/kg dose, all
      subjects were rechallenged with 10 micrograms/kg hpGRF-40. In response to the
      initial 10 micrograms/kg challenge with hpGRF-40, and although serum GH levels
      rose in two of six subjects, the mean maximum GH level achieved was no different
      from that after treatment with vehicle alone. Within 12 h after initiation of the
      intermittent administration of hpGRF-40, mean +/- SEM serum somatomedin C had
      risen by 0.1 +/- 0.05 U/ml, and at the end of the 5-day period, had increased
      from 0.24 +/- 0.07 to 0.78 +/- 0.32 U/ml. In response to the second challenge
      with 10 micrograms/kg hpGRF-40, serum GH levels rose in three of the four
      subjects who initially failed to respond or had a less than 1 ng/ml GH response.
      The increase in serum GH was greater in one of the two subjects who had responded
      to the first dose. In addition, unlike the first dose, the mean maximal serum GH
      level achieved in response to the second 10 micrograms/kg dose of hpGRF-40 was
      higher than that in response to vehicle (P = 0.031). Although there was no
      statistically significant change during the 5-day period, in plasma cholesterol,
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides, the latter exhibited a
      trend toward increased levels. Our preliminary data show that 5 days of
      intermittent hpGRF-40 administration augment GH secretion in some adults with GH
      deficiency, suggesting that somatotropes are present in idiopathic GH deficiency
      and may be primed by hpGRF-40. The rise in serum somatomedin C to normal levels
      after multiple injections of hpGRF-40 is encouraging, since circulating levels of
      somatomedin C may be more important than the increase in immunoreactive GH levels
      as an index of response for induction of linear growth. The demonstration of
      biological effects of hpGRF-40 in all six subjects without any serious adverse
      effects suggests that hpGRF-40 has promise in the treatment of GH deficiency.

PMID- 6427268
TI  - Sex hormones in amenorrheic women with alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - Urinary excretion of estrogens and plasma concentrations of estrone, estradiol,
      LH, FSH, PRL, progesterone, testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin were
      measured in nine chronic alcoholic women with cirrhosis or alcoholic fatty liver.
      They were aged 24-40 yr and all had secondary amenorrhea which had lasted for at
      least 3 months. The response of pituitary gonadotropin secretion to
      administration of LHRH and estradiol benzoate and of PRL secretion to TRH were
      also investigated. Urinary excretion of estrogens in the alcoholic women with
      liver disease was similar to that in normal postmenopausal women and less than
      half that in normal women of the same age in the midfollicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle. Plasma estradiol levels in the alcoholic women were lower than
      in the menstruating women but higher than in the postmenopausal women, whereas
      their plasma estrone levels were higher than in the menstruating women. Plasma
      concentrations of progesterone and testosterone in the alcoholic women did not
      differ from those in the postmenopausal women but were lower than in the
      menstruating women. In spite of the relative estrogen deficiency plasma LH and
      FSH levels were not elevated in the alcoholic women. The responses of LH and FSH
      to LHRH were similar in the patients and in the menstruating women. Intramuscular
      administration of estradiol benzoate did not increase plasma LH and FSH
      concentrations in the alcoholic women. Hyperprolactinemia was not found and there
      were no differences in the PRL responses to TRH between the patients and the
      control groups. In conclusion, disturbed regulation of gonadotropin secretion is
      an important factor in the genesis of estrogen deficiency and amenorrhea in
      alcoholic women with liver disease, although ovarian function may also be
      directly impaired.

PMID- 6427269
TI  - The association between granulosa cell aromatase activity and oocyte-corona
      cumulus-complex maturity from individual human follicles.
AB  - The steroidogenic capability of granulosa cells isolated from 12 preovulatory
      human follicles was correlated with the stage of maturation of the corresponding
      oocyte-corona-cumulus-complex ( OCCC ). Individual follicles from human
      menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) stimulated cycles were aspirated 36 h after
      administration of hCG. Granulosa cells were cultured for 150 min and
      corresponding OCCC were evaluated for maturity before fertilization with human
      sperm. Granulosa cell aromatase activity was measured using 1 beta-3H
      testosterone as substrate by quantitating the amount of 3H2O produced.
      Progesterone production by the granulosa cells was measured as was follicular
      fluid levels of combined hCG and LH activity and FSH and PRL. Follicular fluid
      concentrations of combined hCG plus LH activity decreased somewhat while FSH
      levels increased as OCCC matured. PRL levels did not vary. Granulosa cell
      progesterone production did not change with maturity of OCCC . However, aromatase
      activity decreased as OCCC matured with levels from granulosa cells with immature
      OCCC vs. intermediate and mature OCCC of 260 +/- 148 vs. 129 +/- 53 (SE) pg
      E2/10(5) cells, respectively (P less than 0.07). Although granulosa cells
      responded variably to hMG stimulation from individual to individual, and the
      response was not predictable from peripheral serum estradiol levels, follicles
      isolated from the same patient had a definite diminution in aromatase activity
      with OCCC maturation. From these preliminary results, aromatase activity in
      immediately preovulatory granulosa cells declined as OCCC matured in hMG/hCG
      stimulated cycles.

PMID- 6427270
TI  - The role of pituitary gonadotropins in follicular stimulation and oocyte
      maturation in the human.
AB  - The serum estradiol (E2) values in normally ovulating infertile women stimulated
      first by a combination of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
      hormone (LH) [human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)] and second by FSH only were
      similar in both stimulation cycles. The serum FSH and LH values measured in one
      patient were also similar. Basal LH declined by 16 hours after HMG or FSH
      administration. These data suggest that exogenous LH is not required for
      follicular maturation as measured by E2 synthesis during ovulation induction in
      normal women. Maturation of the oocyte, at least in some patients, also
      progressed normally after the administration of FSH alone, followed by human
      chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), as indicated by the retrieval of viable oocytes
      which fertilized and cleaved in all patients and the initiation of a pregnancy
      which progressed normally.

PMID- 6427271
TI  - Suppression of pituitary and testicular function in normal men by constant
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist infusion.
AB  - In a trial for male fertility control the effects of constant GnRH agonist
      (buserelin) infusion on pituitary and testicular function was investigated. The
      agonist was administered sc for 12 weeks to two groups of normal young men using
      extracorporeal osmotic minipumps. Seven men received 118 +/- 24 (SD)
      micrograms/day from pumps changed biweekly and four men received 230 +/- 27
      micrograms/day from pumps changed weekly. After an initial rise serum LH, FSH,
      and testosterone decreased. The decrease occurred faster in the high dose group
      and these subjects had no LH response to acute GnRH stimulation after 4 weeks of
      treatment, whereas the response was drastically reduced in the group receiving
      the low dose. Androgen substitution with testosterone undecanoate (80-120 mg
      orally daily) was initiated when the subjects complained of decreased libido
      and/or potency or when serum testosterone fell below 10 nmol/liter on average in
      the fifth week. Sperm counts decreased significantly and below the lower normal
      limit of 20,000,000/ml. The nadir was reached in week 12 of treatment in the high
      dose group, and in week 4 post treatment in the low dose group. Despite
      desensitization of the pituitary and impaired testicular function azoospermia did
      not occur. A higher dose of agonist appears to be required to achieve this goal.

PMID- 6427272
TI  - Divergent influences of calcium ions on releasing factor-stimulated anterior
      pituitary hormone secretion in normal man.
AB  - To investigate the influence of calcium ions on the secretion of anterior
      pituitary hormones in response to stimulation by exogenous hypothalmic releasing
      factors in man, we measured serum concentrations of pituitary hormones serially
      during a continuous infusion of combined TRH (2 micrograms/min) and GnRH (1
      microgram/min), with concomitant iv saline or calcium administration. Compared to
      saline, calcium administration was associated with a significant increase in GnRH
      TRH-stimulated LH and FSH release and a corresponding rise in serum testosterone
      concentrations. The effect of calcium ions on gonadotropin secretion was
      specific, because releasing factor-stimulated secretion of TSH and PRL was
      suppressed by hypercalcemia. Serum concentrations of GH were not significantly
      altered under these conditions. In summary, the present results provide the first
      in vivo evidence that acute infusion of calcium ions augments GnRH-TRH-stimulated
      secretion of LH and FSH, with an accompanying increase in serum testosterone
      levels. In contrast, hypercalcemia did not alter serum GH concentrations, and it
      suppressed GnRH-TRH-stimulated release of PRL and TSH. We conclude that calcium
      ions can selectively influence releasing factor-stimulated secretion of certain
      anterior pituitary hormones in man.

PMID- 6427273
TI  - Return of gonadal function in men with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors.
AB  - Gonadal function was evaluated in 10 men [33 +/- 17 (SD) yr] with pituitary
      tumors and hyperprolactinemia (47-2550 ng/ml) using nocturnal penile tumescence
      (NPT), semen analysis, urinary LH and FSH excretion, and diurnal variation of
      serum testosterone and PRL. Results were compared to 16 normal subjects (33 +/-
      13 yr). NPT was decreased in tumor patients as demonstrated by reduced maximum
      circumference change (P less than 0.01) and total tumescence time (P less than
      0.05). Semen analysis was examined in 5 patients able to produce specimens. All
      seminal parameters were significantly abnormal as demonstrated by oligospermia,
      asthenospermia, teratospermia , and elevated fructose. Urinary LH [570 +/- 72
      (SE) vs. 838 +/- 22 mIU/h; P less than 0.01] and serum testosterone (235 +/- 60
      vs. 625 +/- 63 ng/dl; P less than 0.01) were decreased in 9 tumor patients, all
      of whom had serum PRL levels above 50 ng/ml. Diurnal variation of serum PRL was
      absent in hyperprolactinemic patients whereas all had normal circadian changes in
      serum testosterone, although at a lower set point. Eight patients were followed
      for 6-13 months after reduction of serum PRL by surgery and/or drug therapy.
      Serum PRL reached normal levels in six men after 6 months of treatment. Selected
      individuals had an increase in serum LH after 2 months of treatment. Significant
      rises in serum testosterone occurred as early as 3 months and normal levels were
      found in six patients after 6-8 months of treatment. Only two subjects, however,
      demonstrated a normal semen analysis. These data suggest that men with serum PRL
      levels above 50 ng/ml maintain a normal diurnal pattern of serum testosterone at
      a lower set point, and demonstrate hypogonadism with reduced urinary LH excretion
      and NPT. In addition, routine seminal parameters are clearly abnormal and are
      both delayed and incomplete in their recovery.

PMID- 6427274
TI  - Salivary and serum IgA levels in a geriatric outpatient population.
AB  - In two separate studies, specimens of saliva from 57 individuals over the age of
      65 years (mean age, 76.7 years) and 37 persons under the age of 40 years (mean
      age, 28.8 years) were examined for concentrations of IgA as functions of volume,
      total protein, and electrolyte conductivity; some were also tested for IgG and
      IgM content. The results show that older persons have higher concentrations of
      these solutes in their saliva than do younger controls. This suggests that the
      ability to secrete IgA into saliva does not diminish significantly with aging.

PMID- 6427275
TI  - Changes in immunoregulatory lymphocyte populations in patients with
      histoplasmosis.
AB  - Circulating T-lymphocyte subpopulations were enumerated in 65 patients with
      histoplasmosis and correlated with the different clinical manifestations of the
      disease. Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, rheumatologic, disseminated, and chronic
      inflammatory manifestations of histoplasmosis were all associated with a
      significant elevation above normal of OKT8+ (suppressor-cytotoxic) lymphocytes
      and a significantly lower than normal OKT4+ (helper-inducer)-lymphocyte to OKT8+
      lymphocyte ratio. In contrast, cavitary disease was associated with an increase
      in OKT4+ lymphocytes, a decrease in OKT8+ lymphocytes, and a higher than normal
      OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Clinical recovery was associated with normalization of these
      values. Functional activity determined by coculture techniques correlated closely
      with T-lymphocyte subset measurements. These distinct subset abnormalities may
      help monitor immunological aspects of disease activity.

PMID- 6427276
TI  - An unusual pattern of peptide-bound lysine metabolism in collagen from an infant
      with lethal perinatal osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Collagens extracted from bones, cartilage, dermis, and dura mater of an infant
      with type II (lethal perinatal) osteogenesis imperfecta were evaluated with
      respect to chain composition and chemical characteristics of their constituent
      chains. The results indicated that the various types of collagen were present in
      the indicated tissues in proportions that approximated normal tissues.
      Nevertheless, the constituent chains of collagens extracted from dermis, i.e.,
      alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), alpha 1(III), alpha 1(V), and alpha 2(V), chromatographed
      on carboxymethyl cellulose as though they possessed substantially lower overall
      positive charge than the homologous chains of normal tissues. Amino acid analyses
      of the chains confirmed this observation and showed that the chains lacked five
      to seven residues of lysine (plus hydroxylysine). It was subsequently shown that
      the apparent deficiency in lysyl residues was due, at least in part, to the
      presence of unusually high levels of allysine , a cross-link precursor formed
      from peptide-bound lysine under the catalytic action of lysyl oxidase. These
      results, in conjunction with previous results obtained on collagens from type II
      osteogenesis imperfecta tissues, suggest that aberrant fibril formation in this
      syndrome allows increased lysyl oxidase activity.

PMID- 6427277
TI  - Neuroendocrine regulation of the corpus luteum in the human. Evidence for
      pulsatile progesterone secretion.
AB  - The pattern of episodic gonadotropin release was studied in 15 normal female
      volunteers during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle with 24 h of blood
      sampling for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
      levels at 10-min intervals. Six subjects (two in the early, two in the mid-, and
      two in the late luteal phase) also had each of these specimens processed for
      progesterone levels. A progressive slowing of LH pulsations was present across
      the luteal phase with the mean LH pulse frequency declining from 15.2 pulses/24 h
      in the early to 8.4/24 h in the late luteal phase. A trend towards reduction in
      the amplitude of LH pulses was also observed (12.3 +/- 2.2 SD mIU/ml in the early
      vs. 8.6 +/- 3.4 mIU/ml in the late luteal phase; NS). In addition, LH pulses of
      heterogeneous amplitude were identified during the same 24-h study. The mean +/-
      SD of the larger and of the smaller LH pulses was 16.9 +/- 4.7 and 2.3 +/- 1.0
      mIU/ml, respectively (P less than 0.001). While the slowing of the frequency of
      all LH pulses correlated well (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001) with the day of the
      luteal phase and poorly with the actual plasma progesterone levels, the incidence
      of the small LH pulses was highest in the mid-luteal phase and correlated well
      with the mean progesterone plasma levels (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01). In the
      early luteal phase, the pattern of progesterone secretion was stable over the 24
      h studies and showed no relationship to episodic LH release. In contrast, in the
      mid- and late luteal phase, plasma progesterone concentrations rapidly fluctuated
      during the 24-h studies from levels as low as 2.3 to peaks of 40.1 ng/ml, often
      within the course of minutes. Progesterone increments closely attended episodes
      of LH release, as documented by the significant (P less than 0.05) cross
      correlation between LH and progesterone levels, at time lags of 25-55 min. The
      results of this study indicate that in the human luteal phase: (a) the frequency
      of pulsatile release of LH declines progressively and correlates well with the
      duration of exposure to progressively and correlates well with the duration of
      exposure to progesterone; (b) the amplitude of LH pulses varies with the
      appearance of an increased percentage of smaller pulses correlating well with the
      acute level of progesterone; (c) in the early luteal phase, the pattern of
      progesterone secretion is stable; (d) in the mid- and late luteal phase,
      progesterone secretion is episodic, and correlates with LH pulsatile release; and
      (e) single progesterone estimations in the mid- and late luteal phase do not
      accurately reflect corpus luteum adequacy.

PMID- 6427278
TI  - Interactions of lysyl-bradykinin and antidiuretic hormone in the rabbit cortical
      collecting tubule.
AB  - Although intrarenal infusions of kinins produce diuresis, it is not clear to what
      extent this response is due to hemodynamically mediated medullary washout and/or
      to direct epithelial effects of kinins. Recent evidence has shown that bradykinin
      binds to collecting tubules in vitro. We therefore examined the interactions of
      lysyl-bradykinin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) with respect to hydraulic
      conductivity (Lp) in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule perfused in vitro. To
      ensure adequate substrate for prostaglandin synthesis, the bath contained 2.5
      microM arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid produced no change in base-line Lp and
      had no effect on the subsequent response to a supramaximal dose of ADH (100
      microU/ml). Therefore, all subsequent experiments were done in the presence of
      arachidonic acid. Lysyl-bradykinin (10(-9)M) added to either the lumen or bath
      had no effect on base-line Lp. Collecting tubules which were exposed for 1 h to
      bath lysyl-bradykinin (10(-9)M) had a significantly diminished subsequent Lp in
      response to ADH (P less than 0.02). In tubules exposed to bath lysyl-bradykinin
      plus indomethacin (5 microM), the subsequent ADH response was normal. Lysyl
      bradykinin (10(-9)M) added to the lumen had no effect on subsequent ADH response.
      We conclude that lysyl-bradykinin from the basolateral side inhibits the
      hydroosmotic response of the cortical collecting tubule to ADH, and that this
      inhibition is probably prostaglandin-mediated. Lysyl-bradykinin does not affect
      water flow from the luminal surface. These data indicate that the diuresis seen
      with kinin infusions may result, at least in part, from a direct epithelial
      effect. They also suggest a role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in
      modulating water transport in vivo.

PMID- 6427280
TI  - Correlation of the real-time ultrasonographic appearance of hepatic hemangiomas
      with angiography.

PMID- 6427279
TI  - Tissue factor is a major stimulus for vegetation formation in enterococcal
      endocarditis in rabbits.
AB  - We examined the possible mechanisms of local initiation of coagulation in
      vegetation formation in enterococcal endocarditis by using a rabbit model.
      Contact activation and tissue factor expression by freshly excised aortic valves
      were assessed using assays developed for use with cultured cells. Bacteria alone
      lacked procoagulant activity and contact activation of plasma by excised valves
      did not occur. 4-d infected but not control valves expressed significant tissue
      factor activity (231 +/- 17 mU vs. 51 +/- 7 SE), which did not correlate with
      numbers of bacteria in vegetations. Tissue factor activity was also present in
      valves from rabbits infected for 1 and 2 d, as well as those from
      granulocytopenic and monocytopenic animals. Our findings suggest that tissue
      factor, expressed by host cells in response to infection, is a major stimulus for
      fibrin deposition in vegetation development.

PMID- 6427281
TI  - Multiple aortic root echoes: clinical, radiographic, and angiographic
      correlations.
AB  - Multiple diastolic echoes in the aortic root on M-mode echocardiography may
      represent fibrosis or calcification of the aortic wall, aortic leaflets, or
      proximal portions of the coronary arteries. In this study, 83 patients with
      multiple diastolic echoes were evaluated by cardiac fluoroscopy and the incidence
      of valvular, coronary, and aortic wall calcification was determined. In patients
      with multiple diastolic echoes who have no evidence of significant aortic
      stenosis (aortic valve opening less than or equal to 1.0 cm) or aortic
      insufficiency (fine fluttering of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve), the
      presence of multiple diastolic echoes was highly associated with significant
      coronary artery calcification (64%) with over two-thirds having multivessel
      involvement. Patients referred for echocardiography who are free of significant
      aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency by echocardiographic criteria who are
      found to have multiple diastolic echoes in the aortic root should be evaluated
      further for the possible presence of significant multivessel coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 6427282
TI  - Evaluation of the dating of gestation via the growth adjusted sonographic age
      method.
AB  - We compared the actual delivery dates of 248 normal pregnant women to the
      estimated dates of confinement (EDC) calculated from one biparietal diameter
      measurement (BPD) between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation and to the EDCs corrected
      by the growth adjusted sonographic age ( GASA ) method. The dating of gestation
      by those two ultrasound methods also was compared to the calculation of the
      gestational age from the last menstrual period in a subgroup of 61 women with
      highly reliable clinical data. The GASA method had no advantage over the dating
      of gestation using one single BPD measurement obtained before 26 weeks, nor over
      the dating of gestation using reliable menstrual data.

PMID- 6427283
TI  - The reliable sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
AB  - Fifty-five infants who presented to the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital
      with vomiting and the clinical suspicion of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)
      were evaluated using real-time ultrasound. Previously published criteria for the
      sonographic diagnosis of HPS were evaluated in these patients. The anterposterior
      diameter measurement of 1.5 cm or greater proposed by Strauss et al. had an
      accuracy of 36/50 (72%). The 4-mm or greater wall thickness measurement of
      Blumhagen et al. was correct in 46/50 (92%) of cases. A proposed criterion, the
      true pyloric muscle (TPM) length of 2.0 cm or greater was accurate in 33/33
      cases. Application of the TPM length criterion should improve the reliability of
      sonographic diagnosis of HPS and decrease the need for radiographic studies.

PMID- 6427284
TI  - Real-time ultrasound of normal adrenal glands and small tumors.
AB  - The adrenals were studied prospectively with real-time ultrasound in a series of
      60 healthy individuals and 13 patients with small adrenal masses sized 8-20 mm in
      diameter. In only one of the 60 healthy subjects was a normal adrenal gland
      delineated as a distinct hypoechoic structure. In all other instances only the
      highly echogenic suprarenal fat could be displayed. Visualization of small tumors
      was successful in 12 of 13 patients. The suprarenal area and small lesions were
      best demonstrated by a lateral intercostal approach using longitudinal and
      transverse scanning planes. The best access was through the 9th/10th intercostal
      space at the junction with the anterior and middle axillary lines on the right
      and the posterior axillary line on the left.

PMID- 6427285
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm in a patient with Marfan's syndrome: recognition of extensive
      involvement of the aorta by two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 6427286
TI  - Percutaneous drainage of a left subphrenic abscess through a polycystic liver.

PMID- 6427287
TI  - Two unusual ectopic pregnancies.

PMID- 6427288
TI  - Ischemic brain infarct in a neonate: ultrasound diagnosis and follow-up.

PMID- 6427289
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of osteochondromatosis of the popliteal fossa.

PMID- 6427290
TI  - Sonographic hepatization of the gallbladder: a cause of nonvisualization of the
      gallbladder by cholecystosonography.

PMID- 6427291
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of right renal herniation through the canal of Bochdalek.

PMID- 6427292
TI  - Sonographic appearance of chylous ascites.

PMID- 6427293
TI  - Echocardiographic evidence of increased obstruction following long cycle lengths
      in atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6427294
TI  - Selective Kirchner medium in the culture of specimens for mycobacteria.

PMID- 6427295
TI  - Measurement of creatine kinase by reflectance spectroscopy and reagent strips-
      effect of EDTA.

PMID- 6427296
TI  - Effects of fixation and enzymatic digestion on the immunohistochemical
      demonstration of laminin and fibronectin in paraffin embedded tissue.
AB  - The effects of different fixatives and enzymatic digestion procedures on the
      immunohistochemical demonstration of fibronectin and laminin in paraffin embedded
      tissues have been compared. None of the fixatives tested enabled staining of
      these proteins without enzymatic digestion. No intracytoplasmic laminin was found
      either in fixed or in fresh frozen tissue. Fixation in formol acetic acid was
      unsatisfactory for demonstration of fibronectin; prolonged fixation in formol
      sublimate was unsatisfactory for demonstration of laminin. Optimal results were
      achieved after fixation in routine 10% formol saline. Trypsin was completely
      ineffective for unmasking laminin antigens except after fixation in ethanol
      acetic acid; it was only partially effective for showing fibronectin antigens.
      The best results were obtained with protease digestion, but pepsin was an
      adequate, although slightly less reliable, alternative. These enzymes may be used
      at lower concentrations than usually recommended.

PMID- 6427297
TI  - Immunoglobulin and other proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Immunoglobulin has been measured and studied electrophoretically in cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) from 14 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 25 undemented controls.
      Presence or absence of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed
      histologically, as these were postmortem specimens. There was no increased
      incidence of oligoclonal IgG bands in either group, and no significant
      differences in the levels of IgG and albumin. Non-immunoglobulin bands were found
      in the gamma region in some samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and
      controls; such bands are not found in the CSF from younger patients. There was a
      significantly increased incidence of double transferrin and double tau protein
      bands in the Alzheimer's group, suggesting that further studies of genetic
      markers might be worthwhile.

PMID- 6427298
TI  - Spiral organisms in endoscopic biopsies of the human stomach.

PMID- 6427299
TI  - Protection against sodium valproate injury in isolated hepatocytes by alpha
      tocopherol and N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
AB  - The possibility that lipid peroxidation is involved in valproic acid (VPA)
      hepatotoxicity was explored by testing the ability of the free-radical scavengers
      alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) to
      protect against VPA toxicity. Rat hepatocyte cultures were treated with toxic
      doses of VPA, in conjunction with varying doses of vitamin E and DPPD. Lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the culture media was used to calculate an LDH
      index as a measure of toxicity. Vitamin E afforded increasing protection against
      VPA toxicity at concentrations of 1.0 to 4.0 microM but then leveled off and did
      not give complete protection at concentrations up to 8.0 microM. No protection
      was seen at less than 1.0 microM. DPPD showed increasing protection from 0.05 to
      0.50 microM, with complete protection at the highest concentration. These data
      indicate that VPA toxicity can be prevented by simultaneous administration of
      free-radical scavengers and support the concept that VPA hepatotoxicity is due to
      lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6427300
TI  - Methemoglobin levels produced by organic nitrates in patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - To determine if ordinary doses of nitrates produce a significant increase in
      methemoglobin, methemoglobin levels were measured in 59 randomly selected
      patients with coronary artery disease and unstable angina pectoris who were
      receiving organic nitrate therapy. Patients were taking isosorbide dinitrate, 2%
      nitroglycerin ointment, or a combination of the two. Patients were subdivided
      according to whether they were using one (group A) or more than one (group B)
      organic nitrate preparations. These results were compared with 17 control
      patients. Mean methemoglobin levels in group B were 1.78 +/- 1.29%, and this
      differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from both group A mean methemoglobin,
      1.13 +/- 0.92%, and controls, 0.99 +/- 0.55%. The proportion of patients with
      elevated methemoglobin concentration increased from the control to group A to
      group B. It is concluded that commonly used dosages of nitrates are capable of
      causing elevations of methemoglobin which are probably not of routine clinical
      significance. However, these elevations may be of import in certain patient
      populations such as those with coronary insufficiency or anemia.

PMID- 6427302
TI  - Neurofibromatosis heterogeneity.

PMID- 6427301
TI  - Bilateral dermatomal neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Neurofibromatosis is a disease seen in several clinical forms. We describe an
      unusual case of neurofibromatosis involving a bilateral dermatomal area of the
      trunk. Family history was negative, and extensive evaluation for other signs of
      neurofibromatosis was unrevealing. The different forms of neurofibromatosis are
      briefly discussed with particular emphasis on the segmental type.

PMID- 6427303
TI  - Multiple cutaneous neurilemmomas as a skin manifestation of neurilemmomatosis.
AB  - Four cases of neurilemmomatosis with multiple cutaneous neurilemmomas are
      described, including clinical, histologic, and electron microscopic features.
      Thirteen definite cases and sixteen probable cases of neurilemmomatosis with
      cutaneous tumors were collected from the Japanese literature. The skin lesions of
      multiple cutaneous neurilemmomas are nodules, infiltrated pigmented lesions, and
      plaque-like lesions consisting of papules. From the findings presented here,
      neurilemmomatosis is a clinical entity clearly distinguished from the
      neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen's disease.

PMID- 6427304
TI  - Iron and gadolinium chelates as contrast agents in NMR imaging: preliminary
      studies.
AB  - Iron (Fe2+) and gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and
      Gd3+ chelated to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid have been used as contrast
      agents in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the normal kidney and cerebral
      infarction in rabbits. All three agents produced observable changes with
      inversion-recovery images and marked changes in T1.

PMID- 6427305
TI  - Plexiform neurofibroma of the pelvis in neurofibromatosis: CT findings.
AB  - Three cases of intrapelvic plexiform neurofibromas are presented in patients with
      neurofibromatosis. In all three cases computed tomography demonstrated widespread
      sheets of nodular tissue lying in an extraperitoneal location in front of the
      sacrum or extending along the pelvic sidewalls . Symptomatology in these patients
      related to compression of either nerve roots or adjacent vessels. It is important
      to differentiate these lesions from pelvic lymphadenopathy to prevent a mistaken
      diagnosis of malignant disease.

PMID- 6427306
TI  - Fracture of an ossified stylohyoid ligament diagnosed by computed tomography.

PMID- 6427307
TI  - Dental sealants in the prevention of tooth decay. National Institutes of Health
      Consensus Development Conference statement.

PMID- 6427308
TI  - Alternate delivery systems. Dental maintenance organizations and capitation
      plans.

PMID- 6427309
TI  - New wave and dentistry.

PMID- 6427310
TI  - What should we be doing about PPO's?

PMID- 6427311
TI  - Measurement and expression of treatment effects in caries clinical trials.

PMID- 6427312
TI  - How is it decided when to conduct a large-scale caries clinical trial?

PMID- 6427313
TI  - Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vaporization for the treatment of multiple
      trichoepithelioma.

PMID- 6427314
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) (protozoa: Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in
      invertebrate and vertebrate hosts from Brewster County in Trans-Pecos Texas.

PMID- 6427315
TI  - The effect of chewing xylitol gum on the plaque and saliva levels of
      Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Eating foods containing sucrose between meals can be highly cariogenic. The use
      of sucrose substitutes that provide the hedonistic appeal of sucrose, yet are not
      fermented by the plaque flora to the low pHs that are associated with caries, is
      a reasonable approach to caries control. Xylitol, a sweet-tasting pentitol, has
      been reported to cause about an 80% reduction in caries increment when chewed in
      a gum. The present investigation was designed to determine whether the chewing of
      xylitol gums affected the salivary and plaque levels of S mutans and
      lactobacilli. The chewing of xylitol gums for four weeks caused a significant
      reduction in saliva levels and plaque proportions of S mutans compared with
      pretreatment values. The levels were also significantly reduced to values
      obtained by chewing either sorbitol or fructose sweetened gum. The chewing of
      various gums had no significant effect on the proportions of lactobacilli in the
      plaque. These findings suggested that the small amounts of xylitol used (about 5
      gm) resulted in a suppression of S mutans.

PMID- 6427316
TI  - The effects of chronic cigarette smoking on cerebrovascular responsiveness to 5
      per cent CO2 and 100 per cent O2 inhalation.
AB  - Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on cerebrovascular responsiveness of
      volunteers at risk for stroke and not at risk for stroke were evaluated by serial
      measurements of cerebral blood flow using the 133Xe inhalation method. Resting
      gray matter blood flow values (Fg) measured while breathing room air were
      compared with Fg values measured during inhalation of either 5 per cent CO2 in
      air or 100 per cent O2. Changes in Fg values during inhalation of 5 per cent CO2
      were used to estimate cerebral vasodilator capacitance, and those during
      inhalation of 100 per cent O2 were used to estimate cerebral vasoconstrictor
      capacitance. Results indicated that chronic cigarette smokers have both reduced
      vasodilator (P less than 0.01) and reduced vasoconstrictor (P less than 0.02)
      capacitance when compared with nonsmokers of the same ages regardless of whether
      or not other risk factors for stroke were present. Vasodilator capacitance to 5
      per cent CO2 inhalation was reduced among smokers compared with nonsmokers of the
      same age by 48 per cent in non-risk subjects and 56 per cent in risk-factored
      subjects, while vasoconstrictor capacitance to 100 per cent O2 inhalation among
      smokers was decreased by 24 per cent in non-risk subjects and 34 per cent in risk
      factored subjects. In risk-factored subjects, combined effects of smoking and
      other risks appeared to be additive.

PMID- 6427317
TI  - Criterion function model for determining laboratory cost effectiveness.

PMID- 6427318
TI  - Controlling national health care expenditures.

PMID- 6427319
TI  - A method for isolation of undegraded free and membrane-bound ribosomes from rat
      lactating mammary gland.
AB  - Mammary gland polysomes are difficult to isolate from the lactating rat using
      methods developed for other species and tissues, most likely due to high calcium
      stimulated ribonuclease activity in that tissue. A new method, utilizing
      ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to bind
      calcium, yields highly aggregated polysomes from lactating rat mammary gland.
      Fresh mammary tissue is pulverized under liquid nitrogen. Free and membrane-bound
      polysomes are isolated by differential centrifugation in solutions containing 100
      mM KCl, 100 mM MgCl2, 75 mM EGTA, 500 micrograms/ml heparin and 50 mM Tris
      buffer, pH 8.2 at 5 degrees C. Bound polysomes are released from the endoplasmic
      reticulum using Triton X-100 and deoxycholate. Polysome profiles are obtained on
      linear sucrose gradients and scanned at 254 nm. The method gives quantitative
      recovery of homogenate total RNA. To demonstrate that the method can be used to
      study nutritional effects on mammary gland polysome aggregation, lactating rats
      were fasted 22-66 h and then refed a stock diet for 71-95 h. Refeeding increased
      the percentage of polysomes (trimers or larger) in the bound fraction from 84 +/-
      1 to 93 +/- 1% (P less than 0.001) and in the free fraction from 42 +/- 2 to 55
      +/- 3% (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6427320
TI  - Determination of cis,cis-methylene interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids in
      aqueous solutions by lipoxygenase chemiluminescence.
AB  - The chemiluminescent reaction of luminol during lipoxygenase-catalyzed
      oxygenations was studied with the purpose of developing a specific luminometric
      assay for cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene fatty acids directly in aqueous solutions. The
      addition of picomole levels of either linoleic or arachidonic acids to reaction
      systems containing 0.04 mM luminol and 40 micrograms/ml of purified soybean
      lipoxygenase-1 gave light emission curves with a single sharp maximum. Under
      these conditions the peak heights were linearly dependent on the fatty acid
      concentration and the detection limit for both of the fatty acids was 2 pmol with
      a signal to noise ratio of 2. For maximum reproducibility of the assays a
      procedure for the proper quantitation of the enzyme was developed. The fact that
      the assay proved to be relatively interference-free was ascribed to the high
      molar enzyme/substrate ratio (above 1).

PMID- 6427321
TI  - Assessment of the Mulder and Van Doorn kinetic procedure and rapid centrifugal
      analysis of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities.
AB  - The optimal experimental conditions of the enzyme assay described by Mulder and
      Van Doorn (1975, Biochem J. 151, 131-140) for the measurement of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activities were tested towards structurally different
      aglycones. This assessment of this assay revealed that addition of Triton X-100
      as enzyme activator was necessary because of its apparent inhibitory effects on
      interfering reactions. Under these conditions, accordance of the data with
      results published in the literature was obtained. We present for the first time
      an UDP-glucuronosyltransferase assay adapted on a fast analyser centrifuge which
      allows a rapid and sensitive measurement of enzyme activity that is very useful
      for kinetic constant determination, without consuming a large volume of reagents.

PMID- 6427322
TI  - Pressor effect of CO2 in the rat: different thresholds of the central
      cardiovascular and respiratory responses to CO2.
AB  - Rats were anesthetized with urethane and the vagi, aortic and carotid sinus
      nerves were sectioned bilaterally. Hypocapnia was induced by artificial
      hyperventilation with 100% O2. Administration of 5% CO2 in O2, without alteration
      of the respiratory rate or tidal volume, induced significant increases in mean
      systemic arterial pressure ( mSAP ) in rats with intact central nervous system
      (CNS) and after midcollicular section (36 +/- 4 and 34 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively;
      mean +/- S.E.). Smaller but significant increases in mSAP (17 +/- 3 mm Hg) were
      induced by inhalation of 5% CO2 after section of the spinal cord at the C4 level.
      Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium completely abolished the pressor response
      to CO2. In hypocapnic (paCO2 15.5 +/- 0.7 mm Hg) apneic rats with intact CNS,
      after denervation of the peripheral chemoreceptors, inhalation of 1.5% CO2 in O2
      increased paCO2 to 22.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg and mSAP by 16 +/- 1 mm Hg, but the animals
      remained apneic for up to 45 min of continuous CO2 administration. Higher FICO2s
      induced further immediate increases in mSAP and, after delays of up to 6-7 min,
      also a resumption of central rhythmic respiratory activity (monitored by the
      intercostal muscles or phrenic nerve electrogram). The paCO2 threshold for this
      respiratory response was 25 +/- 1 mm Hg. When rhythmic respiratory activity
      resumed, a further slight increase in mSAP and the appearance of respiratory
      modulated oscillations of the SAP were observed in most animals. When, after a
      period of CO2 inhalation, 100% O2 was again administered to the animals mSAP fell
      immediately, reaching the control level within 20-30 s, while the respiratory
      activity, if present, disappeared only after 1.5-2 min. From these experiments we
      conclude that in the hypocapnic rat, after denervation of the peripheral
      chemoreceptors: (1) CO2 induces a neurogenic hypertensive response even in the
      absence of rhythmic respiratory activity; (2) the central chemosensitive sites
      appear to be located in the ponto-medullary region and in the spinal cord; and
      (3) the central mechanisms responsible for the pressor response have a lower CO2
      threshold and a much shorter latency than those responsible for the initiation of
      the rhythmic respiratory activity.

PMID- 6427323
TI  - Prolonged total parenteral nutrition in a pregnant woman with acute pancreatitis.
AB  - During the 22nd week of her first pregnancy, a 28-year-old woman developed an
      attack of acute pancreatitis 10 months after pancreatoduodenectomy for chronic
      pancreatitis of alcoholic origin. She received total parenteral nutrition without
      complications for 83 days until the cesarean delivery of a child weighing 2,120
      g. During that time, clinical, biological, and echographic signs of pancreatitis
      progressively disappeared. The favorable outcome for both mother and fetus
      suggests that prolonged TPN may be a useful measure in the management of severe
      digestive disease occurring during pregnancy.

PMID- 6427324
TI  - Another look at health care costs.

PMID- 6427325
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition: indications and techniques.

PMID- 6427326
TI  - Clostridial gas gangrene and septicemia in a patient with light chain disease.

PMID- 6427327
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of proteinase F in the mouse submandibular gland.
AB  - Esteroproteinases extracted from the submandibular gland (SMG) of normal male
      mice were fractionated by isoelectric focusing into three major peaks with
      isoelectric point (pI) values of 9.9 (P-esterase), 5.8 (proteinase A), and 5.6
      (proteinase D). In castrated males or normal females, an additional
      esteroproteinase with a pI of 4.6 (proteinase F) appeared. By single radial
      immunodiffusion analysis using a specific anti-proteinase F serum, the proteinase
      F content in females or castrated males was found to be 15 times as high as that
      in normal males. These facts suggest that the synthesis of proteinase F is
      inhibited by androgens. Immunocytochemical localization of proteinase F in the
      SMG was examined by indirect enzyme-labeled antibody and ferritin-labeled
      antibody methods for light and electron microscopy, respectively. Castration of
      normal males caused morphological changes in granular convoluted tubular (GCT)
      cells, i.e., GCT cells with both several small secretory granules in their apical
      region and some striations at their basal region (light cells) were observed in
      addition to typical GCT cells. Immunoreactive proteinase F was exclusively
      localized in such small secretory granules of the light cells, but was only
      minimally present in large secretory granules of the typical GCT cells. In
      females, however, uniform localization of proteinase F among secretory granules
      of all GCT cells was observed. It is suggested that the small secretory granules
      in light cells are formed after castration.

PMID- 6427328
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase in mouse salivary glands and saliva: a histochemical,
      immunohistochemical, and enzyme activity study.
AB  - Mouse parotid gland and saliva were studied by histochemical,
      immunohistochemical, and activity measurements for carbonic anhydrase. Hansson 's
      histochemical reaction for carbonic anhydrase revealed positive enzyme activity
      in the parotid acinar cell cytoplasm and little or no reaction in the secretory
      granules. The luminal contents in all of the glandular duct systems also reacted
      positively, but the duct cells themselves were only weakly positive.
      Ultrastructural observations confirmed the light microscope histochemical
      localization and, in addition, revealed luminal content activity in intercellular
      ducts. Purified carbonic anhydrase isolated from mouse salivary glands was used
      to raise antibodies in rabbits. Localization of carbonic anhydrase by direct
      immunolabeling with fluorescein-coupled antibody and indirect immunoperoxidase
      labeling revealed enzyme localization on or in the acinar cell secretory granule
      membrane and not in the surrounding cytoplasm. The luminal contents of the
      intercalated and striated ducts were also strongly positive. Stimulation of
      salivary secretion with phenylephrine or pilocarpine increased the amount of
      carbonic anhydrase in saliva. Acetatazolamide and potassium cyanate inhibited
      carbonic anhydrase activity. Reasons underlying the discrepancy between the
      histochemical and immunolabeling localization of carbonic anhydrase are
      discussed. It is concluded that the parotid acinar cells of mice appear to be a
      significant source of carbonic anhydrase in saliva but its role is enigmatic.

PMID- 6427329
TI  - Differential expression of cell activation markers after stimulation of resting
      human B lymphocytes.
AB  - The interaction of antigen with surface Ig receptors initiates a complex process
      by which resting B lymphocytes are activated. In this study, small resting B
      lymphocytes were isolated by countercurrent elutriation of tonsillar B
      lymphocytes and stimulated with a range of concentrations of anti-mu and B cell
      growth factor (BCGF). The subsequent expression of two glycoproteins known to be
      absent from resting B lymphocytes but present on activated cells were analyzed
      with the monoclonal antibodies 4F2 and 5E9. The antigen recognized by the 4F2
      monoclonal was expressed early in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and correlated
      with blast transformation; this was demonstrated by stimulating resting B cells
      with a low concentration of anti-mu sufficient for cellular activation but not
      proliferation. The 5E9-defined antigen was not present unless the B cells were
      stimulated with a higher concentration of anti-mu or a BCGF was added to the low
      concentration of anti-mu. The addition of hydroxyurea to culture blocked the
      entrance of stimulated B cells into S phase but did not interfere with the
      expression of either 4F2 or 5E9. Thus, whereas the monoclonal antibody 4F2
      recognized cells in early G1, 5E9 recognized cells in late G1. By double
      immunofluorescence staining with propidium iodide and either 4F2 or 5E9, all
      cells in S, G2, and M phases were demonstrated to be both 4F2- and 5E9-positive.
      The monoclonal antibodies 4F2 and 5E9 can be used to distinguish an activated
      from a resting human B lymphocyte and to delineate sequential steps in the
      activation process.

PMID- 6427330
TI  - Amino- and carboxy-terminal sequence of mouse J chain and analysis of tryptic
      peptides.
AB  - Mouse J chain was isolated from an IgM-producing hybridoma by gel filtration and
      ion-exchange chromatography. The sequence of the amino-terminal 25 residues was
      determined. At these positions, the results agree with the amino acid sequence
      deduced from the cDNA sequence determined previously by Koshland and co-workers
      and indicate that a leader sequence terminating in glycine is removed to form the
      mature J chain. Tryptic peptides of J chain were isolated by high pressure liquid
      chromatography and their amino acid compositions were compared with those
      expected from the cDNA sequence. The amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal
      peptide and a mixture of two other peptides was determined. The results were
      consistent with the cDNA sequence except that we found valine, not leucine, at
      position 67, and arginine, not glycine, at position 117. The presence of aspartic
      acid at the carboxy-terminus, as predicted from the cDNA, indicates that
      processing does not occur at this end of the polypeptide chain. Upon amino acid
      analysis, glucosamine was found in tryptic peptides 47-57 and 47-58. J chain was
      also cleaved at aspartylproline bonds with formic acid and the unfractionated
      digest was subjected to automated Edman degradation. The mixed sequence was
      consistent with the sequence deduced from the cDNA at positions 1 to 13, 28 to
      40, 52 to 64, and 73 to 85. In conjunction with the results obtained previously
      by analysis of cDNA, these data show that mouse J chain is a polypeptide
      containing 137 amino acid residues, 93 of which are identical to residues in
      human J chain.

PMID- 6427331
TI  - Inhibition of the function of activated properdin by squid chondroitin sulfate E
      glycosaminoglycan and murine bone marrow-derived mast cell chondroitin sulfate E
      proteoglycan.
AB  - We compared the relative capacities of two over-sulfated glycosaminoglycans,
      heparin and chondroitin sulfate E, to alter the function of native properdin (nP)
      and activated properdin (aP) in the formation and stabilization of the
      amplification C3 convertase (C3b,Bb). Heparin was more active on a weight basis
      than chondroitin sulfate E in inhibiting the formation of C3b,Bb without or with
      nP, but had no influence on the decay of a pre-formed convertase, either
      unstabilized or stabilized with nP or aP. In contrast, chondroitin sulfate E was
      over 10-fold more active than heparin in preventing the formation of C3b,Bb in
      the presence of aP, and gave dose-related acceleration of decay of pre-formed
      C3b,Bb,aP but not of unstabilized or nP-stabilized pre-formed convertase. The
      inhibitory effect of both glycosaminoglycans on the formation of C3b,Bb in the
      presence of nP or aP was less when the number of C3b sites per target cell was
      increased. The preferential action of chondroitin sulfate E on the function of aP
      during the formation and decay of C3b,Bb,aP as compared to C3b,Bb,nP implies
      functional differences in the two forms of P even when they have been
      incorporated into C3b,Bb. The equal potency, when adjusted for uronic acid
      content, of chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan isolated from the T cell
      dependent, bone marrow-derived murine mast cell and of chondroitin sulfate E
      glycosaminoglycan from squid reveals that the linkage of the glycosaminoglycan to
      a peptide core does not diminish its regulatory action on the alternative
      complement pathway.

PMID- 6427332
TI  - Quantitative differences in the expression of a 72,000 molecular weight cell
      surface glycoprotein (GP72) in Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes.
AB  - A high affinity monoclonal antibody, 8G2 B9, was used to assess the expression of
      a 72,000 m.w. glycoprotein ( GP72 ) in isoenzyme-typed T. cruzi strains (
      zymodemes ). Western blotting analysis of T. cruzi clones showed that 8G2 B9
      bound strongly to GP72 and also suggested that this antigen was absent or weakly
      detectable in T. cruzi zymodeme 1 (Z1) strains. Purified 8G2 B9 was radiolabeled
      with 125I and used in an inhibition radioimmune binding assay to compare the
      quantities of GP72 in different zymodemes . Ninety-six T. cruzi strains were
      assayed, of which 36 were Z1, 36 were Z2, five were Z3 , and 19 were Z2
      (heterozygous). Most (64%) Z1 strains lacked detectable GP72 , whereas this
      antigen was always detected Z2 and Z2 (heterozygous) strains. There was an 18
      fold difference between geometric mean values for the quantities of GP72
      (expressed as nanograms per milligram total cell protein) in Z1 and Z2 strains
      (Z1, 36 ng/mg; Z2, 639 ng/mg; p less than 0.001). There were also significant
      differences between the geometric mean values for Z2 and Z2 (heterozygous)
      strains, i.e., 639 ng/mg and 1648 ng/mg, respectively (p less than 0.001). GP72
      was detected in four of the Z3 strains in quantities ranging from 740 to 3640
      ng/mg. The absolute amounts of antigen in GP72 -positive strains were low,
      comprising less than 1% of the total cell protein. The specificities of two other
      anti- GP72 monoclonal antibodies, 7C6 D7 and WIC 29.26, were compared with 8G2
      B9. Both antibodies completely inhibited the binding of 8G2 B9 to GP72 in solid
      phase immunoassays, suggesting that they reacted with the same antigenic
      determinants. The results show that monoclonal antibody-based assessments of the
      expression of GP72 correlate with zymodeme classification, and they also suggest
      that the monoclonal antibodies recognize major antigenic determinants on GP72 .
      It should be possible to use 8G2 B9 as an immunologic marker to additionally
      investigate the clinical significance of T. cruzi zymodemes and the biologic
      significance of GP72 .

PMID- 6427333
TI  - Use of JH4 joining segment gene by an anti-arsonate antibody that bears the major
      A-strain cross-reactive idiotype but displays diminished antigen binding.
AB  - One of the antibody families utilized by the A/J mouse in its response to p
      azophenylarsonate (Ars) is characterized by the expression of the major anti
      arsonate cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) of the A strain. This family has been
      termed the Ars-A family. A hybridoma antibody (HP 101F11 ) obtained after
      immunization of an A/J mouse with Ars was identified initially as displaying the
      CRI, but was subsequently found to bind antigen at a level much lower than most
      members of the Ars-A family. The results of binding studies suggested that HP
      101F11 possesses reduced avidity for antigen. When isolated light and heavy
      chains were allowed to recombine with the heavy and light chains of a strongly
      antigen-binding, strongly CRI-positive antibody of the Ars-A family (HP 93G7 ),
      the low level of antigen binding by HP 101F11 was found to be due to a
      structurally variant heavy chain. Whereas antibodies of the Ars-A family with
      normal avidity for antigen had been shown to use the JH2 joining segment gene,
      amino acid sequence analysis of HP 101F11 revealed that this antibody has a JH
      segment with a sequence identical to that encoded by a portion of a different JH
      gene, JH4 . The implication that 101F11 uses the JH4 gene instead of JH2 was
      supported by the observation that the productively rearranged gene is associated
      with an Eco R1 restriction fragment 0.95 Kb smaller than the corresponding
      fragments of Ars-A hybridomas with normal avidity for antigen. The size
      difference of 0.95 Kb corresponds exactly to the known distance between the JH2
      and JH4 genes in BALB/c germline DNA. In addition to the structural differences
      immediately attributable to the use of JH4 , HP 101F11 has shown an amino acid
      interchange in the DH segment, and a single amino acid deletion at the DH-JH
      boundary. These results show that variation among members of the Ars-A family in
      the DH and/or JH segments provides alternative structural forms of Ars-A
      antibodies upon which selective processes can operate during the course of an
      immune response.

PMID- 6427334
TI  - A monoclonal antibody with reactivity restricted to normal and neoplastic plasma
      cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody that defines a new and distinct plasma cell antigen, termed
      PC-1, was developed against human plasmacytoma cells. This antigen is strongly
      expressed on normal plasma cells isolated from bone marrow and on abnormal plasma
      cells isolated from myelomas, plasma cell leukemias, and plasmacytomas. The
      antigen is not detected on normal T or B lymphocytes, granulocytes, or monocytes,
      and with the exception of plasma cells, is absent on malignancies of B, T, or
      myeloid origin. Utilizing pokeweed mitogen to induce human B lymphocyte
      differentiation in vitro, PC-1 is expressed when B cell determinants are lost and
      the plasmacytoid morphology, intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin-staining, and
      surface PCA-1- and T10-staining characteristic of plasma cells appear. This
      antigen is useful for the study of the terminal stages of normal B cell
      differentiation to plasma cells, and may offer insight into the heterogeneity of
      the plasma cell dyscrasias.

PMID- 6427335
TI  - Characterization of sequential immune complexes in infective endocarditis by
      Western blot analysis.
AB  - A patient with cutaneous vasculitis during infective endocarditis due to
      Lactobacillus casei was studied. Immune complexes (IC) were isolated from serum
      at the time of diagnosis and after 4 wk of therapy. Purification of IC used
      differential polyethylene glycol precipitation and competitive binding to
      staphylococcal protein A. In situ radioiodination of IC was performed, followed
      by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Anti-IC antisera were raised in
      rabbits by immunization with purified IC. IC were characterized by SDS-PAGE
      followed by electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose, incubation with antiserum
      and then with 125I protein A, and autoradiography. Although early and late IC
      differed quantitatively, there were no differentiating immunochemical features.
      Both IC contained a 60,000 dalton component that did not react with preimmune
      serum nor with anti-normal human serum. This component reacted with antiserum
      rendered specific for L. casei by affinity chromatography. The restricted antigen
      antibody representation in IC contrasted with a wider panel of antibody activity
      in patient serum. The Western blot analysis proves to be an ideal method for the
      characterization of IC because of its sensitivity, dissociative capability, and
      preservation of immunoreactivity. IC isolated at a time removed from the original
      antigenic challenge may provide insight into the nature of the inciting antigen.

PMID- 6427336
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal B cell growth factor (BCGF) produced by a human T
      T hybridoma.
AB  - We previously demonstrated the development of a cloned human T cell hybridoma
      that secretes B cell growth factor (BCGF) in the absence of demonstrable
      interleukin 2 or B cell differentiation factor. Sephadex gel filtration
      chromatography demonstrated the m.w. of this factor to be 18 to 20K. The present
      studies were performed to further characterize the biochemical properties of the
      molecule and to determine its target cell specificity. Temperature stability
      studies showed the monoclonal BCGF to be stable at 37 degrees C for 12 hr and at
      70 degrees C for 15 min; however, most (93%) of the activity was lost after
      incubation at 70 degrees C for 30 min. Aliquots of hybridoma supernatant were
      exposed to buffer solutions with variable pH with no diminution in activity over
      a pH range of 4.0 to 10.0 BCGF activity was not affected by 2-mercaptoethanol,
      neuraminidase, or nucleic acid denaturing enzymes. In contrast, all activity was
      destroyed by 10 M urea, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Chromatofocusing demonstrated
      the isoelectric point of BCGF to be 6.3 to 6.6. Finally, absorption experiments
      demonstrated that BCGF activity was absorbed by large, activated B cells. Mitogen
      stimulated T cell blasts, small resting B cells, and CESS cells failed to absorb
      BCGF activity from the hybridoma supernatant. These and future studies with
      purified monoclonal human BCGF should enhance our understanding of its
      immunochemical properties and of its role in the immunoregulation of human B cell
      responses.

PMID- 6427337
TI  - Interleukin 3 augments the murine primary cytolytic T lymphocyte response to
      allogeneic tumor cells.
AB  - The primary anti-H-2k allospecific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response by
      BALB/c (H-2d) spleen cells in vitro to x-irradiated RDM4 (H-2k) tumor cells is
      weak. This response has been shown to be augmented by CTL helper factor (CHF), a
      factor present in supernatants of spleen cells cultured with Sendai virus (SC
      CM). Conditioned medium from WEHI-3 cells (WEHI-CM) also contains activity that
      augments the BALB/c anti- RDM4 CTL response. Attempts to separate the CHF
      activity from interleukin 3 (IL 3), also present in WEHI-CM, were unsuccessful.
      Purified IL 3 was then tested, and was found to increase the BALB/c anti- RDM4
      CTL response by five- to 10-fold. IL 3 is apparently the only material in WEHI-CM
      that is active in this assay. The response is apparently a classical CTL response
      because: 1) the effector cells are sensitive to monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody
      plus C; 2) the response is dependent on antigen stimulation, and it peaks on day
      5 or 6 of culture; and 3) the effector cells are specific for H-2k targets. IL 3
      must be added very early during the in vitro culture period for maximal
      augmentation of the response, consistent with possible action of IL 3 as a
      differentiation factor.

PMID- 6427338
TI  - Dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of human T cell growth factor and gamma
      interferon messenger RNA.
AB  - Glucocorticoids suppress the proliferation of human T lymphocytes. Activated T
      lymphocytes require T cell growth factor (TCGF) for proliferation. TCGF is
      produced by a subset of T lymphocytes, and this production is regulated at the
      TCGF mRNA level. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, strongly inhibits the
      synthesis of TCGF mRNA in human normal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in
      culture with phytohemagglutinin. It also inhibits the accumulation of gamma
      interferon mRNA in these cells. This dual effect may in part explain some of the
      immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids.

PMID- 6427339
TI  - Release of discrete interferons by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in response to immune
      and nonimmune stimuli.
AB  - We have examined the potential of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to
      synthesize both IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha, beta by using three cloned antigen
      reactive CTL lines. These lines, which produce IFN-gamma in an antigen-specific
      manner or after stimulation with mitogen, were also found to produce IFN-alpha,
      beta upon nonspecific contact with Newcastle disease virus. The requirement for
      viral integrity in this process has been examined. Virus infectivity was not
      necessary to stimulate the release of IFN-alpha, beta from CTL, but acid
      inactivation of virus abrogated its IFN-inducing property.

PMID- 6427340
TI  - The antigen of mature human B cells detected by the monoclonal antibody FMC7:
      studies on the nature of the antigen and modulation of its expression.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody FMC7 delineates a subpopulation of B lymphocytes in
      normal blood. Expression of the antigen recognized by FMC7 appears to be
      maturation-linked, and it serves to distinguish different types of B cell
      leukemia. The data presented here indicate that the antigen is a protein that is
      integrated in the cell membrane and that is able to interact with the
      cytoskeleton. The antigen is rapidly synthesized and turned over, is not cell
      cycle-dependent, and is relatively resistant to changes induced by culture in the
      presence of a phorbol ester.

PMID- 6427341
TI  - Association of Rho(D) polypeptides with the membrane skeleton in Rho(D)-positive
      human red cells.
AB  - The Rho(D) antigen was recently identified as a 28,000 to 33,000 m.w. polypeptide
      expressed on the surface of human Rho(D)+ cells. We now show that 70 to 80% of
      the Rho(D) polypeptides remain firmly associated with the membrane skeleton
      (detergent-insoluble matrix) obtained after treatment of isolated membranes with
      Triton X-100. The same treatment solubilized most of the major sialoglycoprotein,
      glycophorin A. The membrane skeleton-bound Rho(D) polypeptides were not
      solubilized by procedures that dissociated spectrin, actin, and glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase from the membrane. Affinity-purified 125I-labeled anti
      Rho(D) antibodies bound to intact Rho(D)+ cells, Rho(D)+ membranes, and isolated
      membrane skeletons from Rho(D)+ cells, but not to Rho(D)- cells. The binding to
      Rho(D)+ cells was competitively inhibited efficiently by Rho(D)+ membranes and
      weakly by Rho(D)- membranes. When isolated unsealed Rho(D)+ and Rho(D)- membranes
      were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and solubilized in Triton X
      100, Rho(D) polypeptides were immune precipitated only from Rho(D)+ membranes.

PMID- 6427342
TI  - Comparison of membrane IgM expression in the murine B cell lymphoma 70Z/3 treated
      with LPS or supernatant containing T cell factors.
AB  - The cultured murine B cell lymphoma, 70Z /3, can be induced to express membrane
      IgM ( mIgM ) after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or T cell-derived
      factors. The kinetics and magnitude of the responses have been compared in wild
      type 70Z /3 cells and three variants by using flow cytometric analysis and
      immunoprecipitation. Wild type 70Z /3 cells respond to LPS more quickly and with
      twofold greater mIgM than to concanavalin A-induced spleen cell supernatant
      (CAS). Variants were selected for their abnormal mIgM expression in response to
      LPS, but individual variants also showed normal, aberrant, or no response to CAS.
      When cells were induced with suboptimal amounts of LPS and CAS, a synergistic
      effect on the magnitude of mIgM expression was seen in wild type and variant
      cells. This suggests that both inducing agents are utilizing some part of a
      common inductive mechanism. The different responses of the variant cell lines
      will allow further genetic dissection and comparison of the mIgM expression
      pathways used in response to LPS and CAS.

PMID- 6427343
TI  - Noncovalent association of heavy and light chains in Rana catesbeiana
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - The unreduced immunoglobulins (Ig) in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, dissociate
      into two components when subjected to electrophoresis or molecular sieving in
      dissociating solvents. One of these components is monomeric light chain and the
      other is a disulfide-bonded complex of heavy chains. This unusual behavior has
      been observed with all classes of bullfrog Ig that have been isolated and
      characterized previously: a high m.w. Ig that resembles mammalian IgM and two
      antigenically distinct varieties of low m.w. Ig. Light chains, isolated from the
      high m.w. Ig by gel filtration in 8 M urea, 1 M acidic acid, were found to
      contain, on average, 5.7 residues of half-cystine. None of these residues were in
      the free sulfhydryl form nor were they blocked by half-cystine. Moreover, none
      was alkylated after mild reduction of the high m.w. Ig. These findings indicate
      that none of the light chain half-cystine residues participate in an interchain
      disulfide bridge, and that most of the light chains contain three intrachain
      bridges. This unusual pattern of disulfide bonding appears to be responsible for
      the noncovalent association of heavy and light chains in this species.

PMID- 6427344
TI  - Target cell susceptibility to immune lysis and expression of MHC antigens are
      independent of position in the cell cycle.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of progression through the mitotic cell cycle
      upon the tumor (P815) cell line's expression of H-2 antigens and susceptibility
      to immune cytolysis. By using a combination of DNA quantitation by Hoechst 33342
      staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis we were able to obtain
      pure populations of G1, S, and G2+M cells for study. Furthermore, by employing a
      fluorescence quenching technique utilizing bromodeoxyuridine substitution we were
      able to monitor the times required for the P815 cells to transit each of the
      various phases. By using mAb and cloned CTL populations with well-defined
      specificities we observed that neither H-2 antigen expression nor lytic
      susceptibility to mAb plus complement or CTL fluctuated with cell cycle
      progression. Each of the three major MHC loci (H-2Kd, -Dd, and -Ld) was analyzed.
      These results demonstrated that expression of H-2 antigens and susceptibility to
      immune lysis were independent of a cell's position in the cell cycle.

PMID- 6427345
TI  - Influence of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on expression of the VK1GAC
      light chain.
AB  - The VK1GAC light chain represents the dominant V kappa structure employed in the
      antibody response of A/J mice to streptococcal group A carbohydrate ( GAC ). Two
      anti-idiotypic antisera, anti- Id5 and anti- Id20 , with specificity for the
      VK1GAC light chain were used to examine anti- GAC antibody responses in a series
      of inbred mouse strains that differ at the heavy chain constant region ( IgCH )
      allotype locus. Both idiotypes were expressed in normal and immune sera from mice
      of most IgCH allotypes, except IgCHb (C57BL/6J) and IgCHf (CE/J). C57BL/6J mice
      expressed Id5 , but not Id20 , whereas CE/J mice did not express either idiotype.
      Testing of recombinant inbred strains between BALB/c and C57BL/6 indicated that
      the pattern of idiotype expression did not correlate with IgCH allotype. The C X
      B recombinants expressed all three idiotype patterns that were observed in the
      panel of inbred strains. Testing of allotype congenic mice between BALB/c and
      C57BL/6 showed that CB.20 and BC.8 mice were Id20 -, whereas BAB-14 mice were
      Id20 +, indicating that both VH and background (V kappa or regulatory) loci must
      be derived from BALB/c to obtain Id20 expression. The difference in the frequency
      of idiotype expression observed between BALB/c and BAB-14 mice indicates that the
      IgCH locus may exert a quantitative influence on the expression of this light
      chain. To examine the Id20 -, Id5 + antibodies of C57BL/6 mice, anti- GAC
      hybridomas were prepared. Of 16 C57BL/6-derived anti- GAC monoclonal antibodies,
      six were reactive with anti- Id5 and not with anti- Id20 . Isoelectric focusing
      of the purified kappa light chains from three of these antibodies revealed two
      distinct spectrotypes that co-migrated with the two known VK1GAC spectrotypes
      observed with A/J anti- GAC light chains. Idiotypic analysis of in vitro
      recombinants between the heavy and light chains of A/J and C57BL/6 monoclonal
      antibodies demonstrated that the C57BL/6 light chains were idiotypically similar
      to A/J light chains when they were free in solution or paired with A/J heavy
      chains. These results demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice can express a light chain
      that is very similar, if not identical, to the VK1GAC light chain, although the
      light chain is expressed in lower frequency and is paired with a distinct VH
      structure, which can mask expression of one of the VK1GAC idiotypes. These
      effects on V kappa expression map to at least three genetic loci: VH, CH, and an
      unlinked locus.

PMID- 6427346
TI  - Overproduction of immunoglobulin mRNA by a murine myeloma MOPC 315 variant cell
      line.
AB  - The mouse myeloma MOPC 315 cell line synthesizes and secretes IgA (lambda 2)
      immunoglobulin. A spontaneously arising variant of the MOPC 315 line, which had
      been isolated as apparently oversecreting IgA protein, has been characterized.
      The variant line has been shown to synthesize and secrete increased levels of
      heavy chain, light chain, and J chain polypeptide compared to the parental wild
      type cells from which it was isolated. The steady-state levels of cytoplasmic
      mRNA for these polypeptides are increased commensurately in the over-producing
      line. For the heavy chain, enhanced transcription, and possibly increased gene
      dosage, appear to be involved. The increased levels of the three individual
      immunoglobulin polypeptide chains suggest that the variant line displays a
      coordinate regulation of expression of immunoglobulin genes.

PMID- 6427347
TI  - Evidence of a dynamic role of the target cell membrane during the early stages of
      the natural killer cell lethal hit.
AB  - The role of membrane movement during the stages of human NK cytolysis has been
      examined by using the bifunctional protein cross-linking reagent, glutaraldehyde.
      The binding stage was inhibited when K562 target cells or NK cells were
      pretreated with glutaraldehyde. When added post-binding, after initiation of
      calcium pulse, glutaraldehyde did not dissociate conjugates, but inhibited NK
      cytolysis. In contrast to the early stages of NK cytolysis, glutaraldehyde
      enhanced lysis during the terminal stage, killer cell independent lysis ( KCIL ).
      Lysis of the preprogrammed target cells, however, was enhanced only when
      glutaraldehyde was added immediately after dispersion of the conjugates, before
      target cell lysis. The mechanism of enhancement of lysis during the terminal
      stages of cytolysis was further explored in assays for NK cell-derived cytolytic
      factor (NKCF). L929 target cells prebound with NKCF were lysed more readily in
      the presence of glutaraldehyde, but as in KCIL , maximum enhancement of lysis
      occurred when glutaraldehyde was added immediately after NKCF was bound to the
      target cell. These results suggest that the target cell membrane may play a
      dynamic role during the terminal stages of the NK lethal hit.

PMID- 6427348
TI  - Pre-B cells in mouse bone marrow: in vitro maturation of peanut agglutinin
      binding B lymphocyte precursors separated from bone marrow by fluorescence
      activated cell sorting.
AB  - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding by mouse bone marrow cells and fractionation by
      the fluorescence-activated cell sorter have previously been shown to separate
      high concentrations of pre-B cells, as identified by cytoplasmic mu-chains (c
      mu). PNA+ and PNA- marrow cell fractions have now been assayed for the presence
      of functional pre-B cells able to generate mature B cells in culture, as defined
      by three criteria, the appearance of cell surface mu-chains (s mu),
      immunoglobulin secretion in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and B cell
      colony formation. Small PNA+ cell fractions contained pre-B cells that developed
      into mature B lymphocytes in 1/2 to 1 day but did not sustain B cell production.
      Large PNA+ cells included pre-B cells that gave rise to mature B lymphocytes
      after an interval of 1 1/2 to 3 days and were able to sustain B cell genesis in
      vitro for at least 3 to 5 days thereafter. PNA- cell fractions contained mature B
      cells but lacked pre-B cell activity. The results demonstrate that PNA binding
      allows the separation of functional subsets of pre-B cells from bone marrow and
      that the three in vitro assays used in this study are closely comparable with one
      another as functional pre-B cell criteria. The findings suggest correlations
      between functional assays, c mu expression, PNA receptors, and cell size in
      characterizing stages of pre-B cell development.

PMID- 6427349
TI  - In vivo administration of anti-I-A antibody induces the internalization of B cell
      surface I-A and I-E without affecting the expression of surface immunoglobulin.
AB  - Injection of a hybridoma anti-Ia antibody into adult mice results in a dramatic
      reduction in the expression of B cell sIa without affecting the expression of
      sIgD or sIgM. This anti-Ia-mediated modulation of B cell sIa occurs within 3 hr
      and attains it maximum effect within 18 hr after injection of antibody. There is
      a rapid reexpression of B cell Ia when such sIa- B cells are cultured in vitro.
      Culture of B cells in vitro with anti-Ia antibody has no discernible effect on
      the expression of B cell sIa, nor does it prevent the reexpression of sIa on sIa-
      B cells obtained from anti-Ia-injected mice. Injection of anti-I-A antibody
      suppresses the expression of both I-A and of I-E, and similarly, injection of
      anti-I-E suppresses the expression of B cell I-E and I-A antigens. When
      fluorescein-labeled monoclonal anti-I-A antibody is injected into mice, a
      significant fraction of B cell sIa can be demonstrated to be internalized by the
      B cell. The potential immunologic significance of this phenomena of anti-Ia
      mediated modulation of B cell sIa is discussed.

PMID- 6427350
TI  - A solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for determination of IgG in eluates
      of psoriatic scales.
AB  - A solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for determining immunoglobulin G
      (IgG) in eluates of psoriatic scales is described. Polystyrene balls coated with
      protein A bound the IgG present in the eluates and in human sera. The bound IgG
      was then detected by a luminol-coupled goat anti-human IgG conjugate,
      characterized for antibody, protein and luminol content. This method correlated
      well with radial immunodiffusion in determining IgG levels in human sera (r =
      0.97). The sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 micrograms IgG. Eluates prepared from
      psoriatic scales treated sequentially with buffers of decreasing pH all contained
      IgG when tested by this method. pH 2 eluates, however, contained more IgG than pH
      3 eluates, suggesting the presence of specifically bound antibodies.

PMID- 6427351
TI  - Immunoassays for serum C-reactive protein employing fluorophore-labelled
      reactants.
AB  - Two simple rapid and precise fluorescence assays for determining serum levels of
      C-reactive protein (CRP) are described which employ sheep antibodies to CRP
      covalently linked to magnetisable cellulose/iron oxide particles. The first (a
      fluoroimmunoassay) is based on competitive binding of CRP in the sample or
      standard with fluorescein-labelled CRP, a 30 min incubation time, simple
      separation with a magnet followed by elution of the bound fraction into alkaline
      methanol and fluorescence quantitation. In the second (a 'sandwich'
      immunofluorometric assay) an excess of solid-phase linked antiserum is incubated
      with sample and fluorescein-labelled purified sheep anti-CRP immunoglobulin
      followed by separation, elution and quantitation of the bound fraction. The
      assays cover the ranges 3-400 mg/l and 3-70 mg/l respectively and the results
      correlate well with those obtained by radial immunodiffusion and
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6427352
TI  - Rat monoclonal antibodies. II. A rapid and efficient method of purification from
      ascitic fluid or serum.
AB  - A technique for purifying rat monoclonal antibodies from ascitic fluid or serum
      is described which is based on 2 facts. First, approximately 95% of rat
      immunoglobulin light chains are of the kappa type. Second, an allotypy in the rat
      species is located on the constant part of the kappa light chain. By use of a
      mouse monoclonal antibody with specific binding affinity for the Ig kappa-1a
      allotype on the kappa light chains of the LOU inbred rat strain, it is possible
      with immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate LOU Ig kappa-1a-bearing
      immunoglobulins from the serum proteins, including the immunoglobulins, of rats
      of Ig kappa-1b allotype. LOU histocompatible hybridomas synthesizing the Ig kappa
      1a allotype can be transplanted into rats congenic with the LOU inbred strain
      carrying the Ig kappa-1b allotype, since LOU rats with the Ig kappa-1a kappa
      light chain allotype and congenic LOU Ig kappa-1b rats with the Ig kappa-1b kappa
      light chain allotype are fully histocompatible. The serum or ascitic fluid of the
      recipients is applied to an immunoabsorbent column to which mouse monoclonal
      antibody against the Ig kappa-1a allotype is coupled. The serum proteins,
      including the host immunoglobulins pass through the column. An appropriate buffer
      is used to elute the monoclonal antibodies in a second step. The same technique
      may be employed for other monoclonal antibodies. A reciprocal system using mouse
      monoclonal antibodies against Ig kappa-1b rat allotype can be used, a
      plasmacytoma or hybridoma synthesizing Ig kappa-1b kappa light chain being
      transplanted into an Ig kappa-1a kappa light chain synthesizing rat. The method
      is rapid, efficient and inexpensive. Its limitation is with respect to lambda
      type monoclonal antibodies, which are relatively rare.

PMID- 6427353
TI  - von Recklinghausen's disease with angiosarcoma in a child.

PMID- 6427354
TI  - Genetic study of Tunisian Berbers. I. Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes and
      ABO blood groups.
AB  - The Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes and ABO blood groups were studied in
      three groups of Tunisian Berbers . The results showed that the actual Berbers of
      Tunisia present certain heterogeneity and their ancestors were probably the first
      inhabitants of North Africa. Indeed, although their Gm-Am haplotypes are mainly
      Caucasoid, some of them are typically African. The group of Kesra village, the
      most Caucasoid, shows frequencies of Gm-Am haplotypes very close to those of
      South European populations, particularly the Spanish, who are probably of the
      same origin. The gene frequencies of the ABO groups in the three Berber groups
      were similar to those recorded in European populations with a relatively high
      frequency of the O genes typical of the Berbers .

PMID- 6427355
TI  - Immunoglobulin (Gm) markers and alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) types in rheumatoid
      arthritis and early onset chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - No Gm allotype, haplotype or phenotype was increased or decreased in frequency in
      two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or chronic active hepatitis
      (CAH) in comparison with control frequencies. The frequencies of the Gm
      haplotypes among 206 controls were 0.70, 0.19 and 0.11 for fb, ag and axg ,
      respectively. Neither Gm heterozygosity nor homozygosity was associated with
      either disease. There was no interaction between alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) and Gm
      type in the two diseases.

PMID- 6427356
TI  - Two unlinked genetic loci interact to control the human immune response to type
      III group B streptococcal antigen.
AB  - Serum samples were collected from 30 healthy adult Caucasian volunteers before
      and after immunization with native type III polysaccharide of group B
      streptococcus. Serum antibody to this polysaccharide was measured and sera were
      typed for several Gm and Km(1) allotypes. A significant interactive effect of
      Gm(23) and Km(1) was found on immune responsiveness to native type III group B
      streptococcus polysaccharide antigen.

PMID- 6427357
TI  - HLA, immunoglobulin allotypes and cell-mediated immunity in retinitis pigmentosa:
      a family study.
AB  - Investigation of an informative family including two probands with male multiplex
      retinitis pigmentosa revealed that the putative disease susceptibility loci were
      not linked to those of HLA. In addition, analysis of immunological data obtained
      yielded evidence suggestive of X-linked inheritance of susceptibility to cell
      mediated immune aberration in this family.

PMID- 6427358
TI  - The association of ocular defects with the otodental syndrome.

PMID- 6427359
TI  - Epidermal Langerhans cells contain intermediate-sized filaments of the vimentin
      type: an immunocytologic study.
AB  - In epidermal cell suspensions, prepared from healthy human and murine skin,
      Langerhans cells (LC) were identified by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy
      using monoclonal antibodies directed against human T6 and Ia markers, and against
      a murine Iak determinant, respectively. The cells were double-labeled on cytospin
      slides with antibodies against a cytoskeletal protein, either vimentin or
      keratin. In this way it was shown that epidermal LC contain intermediate-sized
      filaments of the vimentin type.

PMID- 6427360
TI  - Granulocyte neutral proteases and Pseudomonas elastase as possible causes of
      airway damage in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We studied the possible role of granulocyte neutral proteases as mediators of
      airway destruction in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were infected with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We measured the enzymatic activities of bronchial
      secretions on purified radioactively labeled complement component three (C3),
      elastin, and a granulocyte elastase-specific substrate. Bronchial secretions from
      18 patients with CF who were infected with P aeruginosa had a significantly
      higher mean value for C3 cleaving, elastolytic, and granulocyte elastase-like
      activity than did two control groups. High enzymatic activities were observed in
      patients with CF who have advanced bronchial disease (that had been determined by
      a clinical scoring system). Kinetics of proteolysis of radioactively labeled C3
      and inhibition profiles of the activities of the three enzymatic activities
      studied suggest that they are mainly derived from granulocytes. In addition, 20
      of 31 strains of P aeruginosa isolated from patients with CF inactivated purified
      alpha 1-antiprotease in vitro. We postulate that granulocyte neutral proteases
      and P aeruginosa may act synergistically in the airways of patients with CF and
      may contribute to the destruction of elastin and inactivation of C3.

PMID- 6427361
TI  - In vivo activity of proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rat model.
AB  - The granuloma pouch technique was used to study the in vivo characteristics of
      four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that differed in levels of alkaline
      protease and elastase production. Bacterial counts, alkaline protease and
      elastase concentrations, and IgG levels of pouch exudates were determined
      quantitatively; total protein levels were determined semiquantitatively. In vivo
      protease concentrations were in the nanogram range; during the investigated
      period individual strains either increased enzyme production or remained
      negative. In vitro alkaline protease:elastase ratios correlated with in vivo
      ratios in three of the four strains. Proteolytic strains caused a decrease in IgG
      and alpha 2-fraction proteins. Purified rat IgG was cleaved rapidly by elastase
      and slowly by alkaline protease; both cleaved IgG at the hinge region. The study
      determines the concentration of P aeruginosa alkaline protease and elastase after
      infection in a rat model, shows cleavage of rat IgG and other proteins due to
      alkaline protease and elastase, and suggests that enzymes other than proteases
      are involved in the pathogenesis of P aeruginosa infections.

PMID- 6427362
TI  - Bactericidal effect of polymorphonuclear neutrophils on antibiotic-induced
      filaments of gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - Exposure of strains of Escherichia coli to ampicillin and mezlocillin and of
      strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to azlocillin and cefsulodin caused the bacilli
      to elongate into filaments. The bacilli and their filaments were incubated with
      fresh human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and the phagocytic process was
      recorded by means of phase-contrast microscopy. The bactericidal effect of PMNs
      on both filaments and bacilli was quantitated by counts of colony-forming units.
      A single PMN phagocytized one or more filaments, some of which were as long as 90
      micron and contained as many as 20 genomes. Two predominant patterns of
      phagocytosis of filaments were observed. When the ratio of bacteria to PMNs was
      low (0.2-1.8), the rate of killing was 62%-81%. When the ratio was higher (5-12),
      the rate of killing of both filaments and bacilli was lower. As an alternative to
      colony-forming units, cell mass was used as a gauge of phagocytic activity. The
      relative mass of killed filaments was considerably greater than that of killed
      bacilli; this finding indicated that filaments were much more susceptible than
      were bacilli to the bactericidal activity of PMNs.

PMID- 6427363
TI  - [Cardiac manifestation of the mucopolysaccharidoses: periodical echocardiographic
      evaluation in six cases].
AB  - Serial non-invasive studies including echocardiography were performed for the
      evaluation and follow-up of the cardiac lesions in six cases with genetic
      mucopolysaccharidoses. These cases were classified by the enzyme assay into one
      case of Scheie syndrome, three of Hunter syndrome, one of Sanfilippo syndrome and
      one of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. The echocardiographic examination revealed the
      most striking change in the mitral valve, which was progressive with increase of
      the age in most cases. The mitral valve echo was dense and multilayered with a
      decreased diastolic descent rate (DDR) in the M-mode echocardiogram, and its
      thick leaflets showed diminished opening on the two-dimensional echocardiogram.
      The aortic valve echo was also dense in three cases inducing one case with the
      prolapse of the non-coronary cusp into the left ventricular (LV) cavity. The
      pulmonary and tricuspid valves showed an unremarkable change, although the
      echocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension was observed in two cases.
      Diffuse hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and LV posterior wall was
      observed in five cases and apical hypertrophy was found in a case of Hunter
      syndrome (Case 2). Parameters of the LV contractility showed almost normal values
      but the distensibility of the LV posterior wall was impaired in two cases,
      suggesting stiffness of the cardiac muscle. Although no ischemic change was
      observed on the electrocardiogram, the echo density of coronary artery wall was
      not uniform on the two-dimensional echocardiogram and dilated coronary artery was
      found in two cases. Phonocardiograms disclosed an aortic regurgitant murmur in
      one case and an apical mitral regurgitant murmur in two cases. In one case of
      Scheie syndrome, a pansystolic murmur (Levine 3/6) and a mid-diastolic rumble
      (Levine 2/6) were present at the age of 15 and 16, but after the transient
      increase in the loudness these disappeared at the age of 18 and only an ejection
      systolic murmur is audible at the present time, while the mitral valve showed a
      progressive limitation of the movement on the two-dimensional echocardiogram.
      Contrary to the reduced DDR and diminished opening of the mitral valve in 3
      cases, neither diastolic rumble nor opening snap was recognized in the
      phonocardiogram. The echocardiographic findings seemed to reflect the patho
      anatomical manifestation of this disease, and thus, the periodical
      echocardiographic evaluation is rewarding to assess the cardiac lesions and their
      progression in mucopolysaccharidoses.

PMID- 6427364
TI  - [Facilitation of the intra-thoracic surgery by high frequency ventilation].

PMID- 6427365
TI  - [Histometric analysis of cell infiltrates in wound healing in monkeys].

PMID- 6427366
TI  - [Histopathological study of aging of the posterior portion of human cervical
      vertebral bodies and discs--with special reference to the early ossification of
      the posterior longitudinal ligament].
AB  - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ( OPLL ) of the cervical
      spine is a disease causing spinal canal stenosis and, henceforth , spinal cord
      compression. This ossification is found approximately in three percent of the
      adult Japanese, but it is also found to be present among Chinese, Korean and
      other South-East Asians, whereas the incidence among Caucasians was reported to
      be significantly low. The etiology of this interesting ossification is still
      unknown although multidisciplinary studies have been carried out in Japan in
      recent years. The purpose of the present study is to find an early ossification
      of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine and to see its
      relationship with other chronological changes of the surrounding structures.
      MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and forty-one cervical spinal columns were
      obtained en bloc from C2 to C7 from the autopsied bodies at Juntendo University
      Hospital and at the Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiners' Office. There were 89
      males and 52 females with a wide age distribution. A 66 year-old male case with
      advanced continuous OPLL died at Juntendo University Hospital was added to the
      study. The specimens were either cross-sectioned or sagittally sectioned, and
      studied soft-ray-roentgenologically and histopathologically. RESULTS: There were
      specimens after the third decade of life showing micro-ossification along the
      midline of the posterior aspect of the vertebral body on cross-section as well as
      micro-ossification or hyperostosis adjacent to the posterior corner of the
      vertebral body on sagittal section. These micro-ossification or hyperostosis
      seemed to be a product of a physiological aging process, but could be considered
      as a precursor of the OPLL . The periosteum was well demonstrated on the
      posterior aspect of the vertebral body in the first two decades of life, but it
      became inconspicuous with age. In the adult spine there was no clear delineation
      between the deep layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the fibrous
      layer of the periosteum . The cambium layer looked absent on hematoxylin-eosin
      stain. However, on Giemsa stain there appeared a thin layer which would present
      increased cellular activity between the body and what appeared to be the fibrous
      layer of the periosteal. This layer was considered to be a 'sleeping cambium
      layer' for which it was named 'latent periostium layer (LPL)'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6427367
TI  - [Genetic and environmental influence on control of respiration in adult twins].

PMID- 6427368
TI  - [Respiratory failure].

PMID- 6427369
TI  - [Acute hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin on left ventricular systolic
      performance and diastolic property in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6427370
TI  - [Clinical studies of spinocerebellar degeneration].

PMID- 6427371
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6427372
TI  - Computers: what's out there and what can they do for you?

PMID- 6427374
TI  - Ossification of the lung.

PMID- 6427373
TI  - Follow-up of the patient with valve replacement.

PMID- 6427375
TI  - Addition of rifampin to ticarcillin-tobramycin combination for the treatment of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: assessment in a neutropenic mouse model.
AB  - The efficacy of ticarcillin (100 mg/kg), tobramycin (1 mg/kg), and rifampin (43
      and 7.2 mg/kg) individually and in combination was assessed in neutropenic mice
      infected with an LD90 of one of four Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The study
      end point was survival at 120 hours after infection. Treatment with the triple
      combination, ticarcillin plus tobramycin plus rifampin (43 mg/kg), was
      significantly superior to the double combination of ticarcillin plus tobramycin
      (p less than 0.01). Although treatment with rifampin (43 mg/kg) alone yielded
      results similar to treatment with the triple combination in mice infected with
      three of the four isolates, rifampin-resistant mutants (minimal inhibitory
      concentration greater than 1000 micrograms/ml) of P. aeruginosa were frequently
      isolated from surviving mice (26% of mice sampled). In contrast, in mice treated
      with the triple combination, rarely were rifampin-resistant mutants isolated (3%
      of mice sampled). Rifampin alone was active against P. aeruginosa isolates only
      when peak serum concentrations of rifampin exceeded the rifampin minimal
      bactericidal concentration of the infecting isolate. The addition of rifampin to
      a "standard" therapy of antipseudomonal penicillin plus aminoglycoside may be
      useful in the treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infection.

PMID- 6427376
TI  - Characterization of lipoprotein produced by the perfused rhesus monkey liver.
AB  - Isolated livers from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were perfused in order to
      asses the nature of newly synthesized hepatic lipoprotein. Perfusate containing
      [3H]leucine was recirculated for 1.5 hr, followed by an additional 2.5-hr
      perfusion with fresh perfusate. Equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation
      clearly separated VLDL from LDL. The apoprotein composition of VLDL secreted by
      the liver was similar to that of serum VLDL. The perfusate LDL contained some
      poorly radiolabeled, apoB-rich material, which appeared to be contaminating serum
      LDL. There was also some material of an LDL-like density, which was rich in
      radiolabeled apoE. Rate zonal density gradient ultracentrifugation fractionated
      HDL. All perfusate HDL fractions had a decreased cholesteryl ester/unesterified
      cholesterol ratio, compared to serum HDL. Serum HDL distributed in one symmetric
      peak near the middle of the gradient, with coincident peaks of apoA-I and apoA
      II. The least dense fractions of the perfusate gradient were rich in radiolabeled
      apoE. The middle of the perfusate gradient contained particles rich in
      radiolabeled apoA-I and apoA-II. The peak of apoA-I was offset from the apoA-II
      peak towards the denser end of the gradient. The dense end of the HDL gradient
      contained lipoprotein-free apoA-I, apoE, and small amounts of apoA-II, probably
      resulting from the relative instability of nascent lipoprotein compared to serum
      lipoprotein. Perfusate HDL apoA-I isoforms were more basic than serum apoA-I
      isoforms. Preliminary experiments, using noncentrifugal methods, suggest that
      some hepatic apoA-I is secreted in a lipoprotein-free form. In conclusion, the
      isolated rhesus monkey liver produces VLDL similar to serum VLDL, but produces
      LDL and HDL which differ in several important aspects from serum LDL and HDL.

PMID- 6427377
TI  - Processing of rat liver apoprotein E primary translation product.
AB  - The primary translation product of rat liver apoE mRNA was isolated from wheat
      germ cell-free translation systems. Plasma apoE and the primary translation
      product migrated similarly on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, had similar partial
      proteolytic peptide maps, and bound to and coeluted from heparin-Sepharose
      columns. Comparison of the partial amino acid sequence of the primary translation
      product with the amino-terminal sequence of plasma apoE indicated that rat apoE
      is initially synthesized with an 18 amino acid amino-terminal extension. This
      entire segment was removed cotranslationally by canine microsomes possessing
      signal peptidase activity. The microsome-processed translation product did not
      contain an endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharide, suggesting that rat apoE
      is O-glycosylated.

PMID- 6427378
TI  - 1-O-alkyl-linked glycerophospholipids of human neutrophils: distribution of
      arachidonate and other acyl residues in the ether-linked and diacyl species.
AB  - This study was done to determine whether human neutrophils contain sufficient 1-O
      alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to support the synthesis of platelet
      activating factor by a deacylation-reacylation mechanism, and to examine the
      relative distribution of arachidonate among the 1,2-diacyl, 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl, and
      the 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl classes of choline- and ethanolamine-containing
      phospholipids. The predominant phospholipid species of human neutrophils were
      choline-containing glycerophospholipids (41%), ethanolamine-containing
      glycerophospholipids (39%), and sphingomyelin (14%), with smaller quantities of
      phosphatidylserine (4%) and phosphatidylinositol (1%). The choline-linked
      fraction contained high amounts of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-X (44%) and 1,2-diacyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine (47%), and a lesser amount of 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine (9%). In contrast, the ethanolamine-linked fraction
      contained a large amount of 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphoethanolamine (66%), and lower levels of the 1,2-diacyl (24%) and 1-O-alkyl
      2-acyl (10%) species. The major 1-O-alkyl and 1-O-alk-1'-enyl ether chains found
      in the choline and ethanolamine phospholipid pools were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and
      20:0. The predominant fatty acyl residues found in the 1,2-diacyl and the sn-2
      position of the 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl and 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl choline and
      ethanolamine glycerophospholipids were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427379
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of pleural fluid pH and pCO2 in the
      exudative phase of parapneumonic effusions.

PMID- 6427380
TI  - Luteinizing hormone increases the number of ova shed in the cyclic hamster and
      guinea-pig.
AB  - Osmotic minipumps containing 400 micrograms ovine LH installed subcutaneously on
      day 1 (oestrus) of the cycle in the hamster induced superovulation of 30.0 +/-
      2.1 ova (n = 5) at the next expected oestrus. Controls ovulated 12.0 +/- 0.8 ova
      (n = 6). Bovine LH, human LH, porcine LH, human chorionic gonadotrophin and
      pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin were effective in approximately doubling the
      number of ova spontaneously shed in the hamster. Ovine FSH (200 micrograms/pump)
      was most effective in increasing the number of ova spontaneously shed (55 +/- 6,
      n = 5) in the hamster. Infusion of ovine LH on days 1-4 prevented the reduction
      of the number of antral follicles that occurs normally between days 3 and 4 of
      the 4-day cycle. Since this reduction in follicular numbers in control cyclic
      hamsters is due to atresia, the exogenous LH might prevent atresia of the
      developing follicles. In the hamster, exogenous ovine LH significantly increased
      the serum concentrations of androstenedione, oestradiol and LH but not of FSH.
      Hamsters were hypophysectomized on the day of oestrus, given immediate LH (400
      micrograms) or FSH (200 micrograms) replacement therapy and autopsied on day 4.
      Ovarian histology revealed that immediate LH treatment after hypophysectomy
      sustained development of histologically normal preovulatory follicles but had no
      effect on the number of smaller sizes of follicles. Immediate FSH treatment after
      hypophysectomy increased only the number of smaller sized follicles. Since LH did
      not increase the smaller sized follicles, no 'FSH-like' effect on follicular
      development was observed. In the hamster, the ability of various preparations of
      LH to induce superovulation did not correlate with their ability to displace 125I
      labelled ovine FSH from its ovarian binding sites. The superovulatory action of
      LH required the presence of the pituitary gland, indicating that LH might
      synergize with FSH and/or prolactin (or hamster LH) for spontaneous
      superovulation and it appears that exogenous LH might induce superovulation by
      prevention of atresia. Infusion of LH into the guinea-pig beginning on day 12 of
      the cycle (day 1 is the day of ovulation) doubled the ovulation rate whereas in
      the cyclic rat and mouse LH treatment throughout the cycle was ineffective in
      increasing the number of ova shed.

PMID- 6427381
TI  - Ovarian oestrogen-dependent maturation of the LH/FSH surge mechanism during
      prepubertal development in the gilt.
AB  - An involvement of ovarian secretions and in particular oestradiol-17 beta in the
      maturation of the positive feedback mechanism controlling gonadotrophin surge
      secretion was studied in prepubertal gilts. The LH/FSH responses to an
      intramuscular injection of age- and body weight-related doses of oestradiol
      benzoate (OB) were compared in intact gilts at 60 days of age with or without
      oestradiol-17 beta pretreatment from 30 to 52 days of age. Four further groups of
      gilts were challenged with OB at 160 days and were intact, ovariectomized at 60
      days, ovariectomized at 60 days and given oestrogen therapy from days 60 to 130
      or ovariectomized at 130 days. A significant increase in the magnitude of LH
      surge responses to OB and a decrease in the time to the first consistent period
      of surge secretion in intact gilts at 160 compared to 60 days of age confirmed
      earlier studies and is considered to represent a real maturational change in
      positive feedback activity. A longer response interval was also present in the
      majority of ovariectomized gilts. Furthermore a significant reduction in the
      magnitude of OB-induced LH responses at day 160 occurred in gilts ovariectomized
      at day 60 compared to those ovariectomized at day 130 and with intact control
      animals. Oestrogen therapy after ovariectomy at day 60 effectively restored the
      magnitude of the LH response however. It is concluded that maturation of the
      positive feedback mechanism is ovarian, and probably oestrogen, dependent.

PMID- 6427382
TI  - Immediate root canal filling: the use of cytophylactic substances and
      noncytotoxic solutions.

PMID- 6427383
TI  - Isolation of murine pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells.
AB  - A method described to purify pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells ( PHSC ) from
      adult mouse bone marrow. The method consists of three separation steps. First,
      bone marrow cells are centrifuged in a discontinuous metrizamide gradient and
      simultaneously labeled with wheat germ agglutinin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA
      FITC). Second, the low density cells are analyzed by a fluorescence-activated
      cell sorter (FACS) and the WGA-positive cells with medium forward and low
      perpendicular light scatter intensities are sorted. The WGA-FITC is removed from
      the cells by incubation with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Finally, the sorted cells
      are incubated with anti-H-2K-biotin and avidin-FITC and sorted a second time to
      enrich cells with high H-2K density. The sorted cells gave rise to 2 spleen
      colonies per 100 injected cells at 8 d and 6.6 colonies per 100 cells at 12 d
      after transplantation into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. The average
      enrichment factor for day 12 CFU-S (colony-forming unit/spleen) was 135 (range,
      90--230; n = 15) and was similar to that for the cell type that provides
      radioprotection (180 +/- 70), indicating that these functional properties were
      copurified. Indirect evidence suggests that the spleen-seeding efficiency (f
      factor) of these cells is 0.10 and, therefore, the average purity of the sorted
      PHSC was 65% (range in 15 experiments, 35--110%). The sorted cells were all in
      the G1 or G0 phase of the cell cycle. They appeared to be undifferentiated blasts
      by morphological criteria. Electron microscopy revealed that the sorted cells
      consisted primarily of two cell types, possibly representing G0 and G1 cells. The
      FACS was used to deposit single selected cells into individual microwells of
      Terasaki trays. 32% of the sorted cells could be induced to form myeloid progeny
      in vitro. This procedure should be useful for direct studies on the regulation of
      hemopoietic cell differentiation.

PMID- 6427384
TI  - H-40, an antigen controlled by an Igh linked gene and recognized by cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes. I. Genetic analysis of H-40 and distribution of its product on B
      cell tumors.
AB  - C.B-20 ( Ighb ) mice challenged with BALB/c ( Igha ) spleen cells (or vice-versa)
      generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognize an antigen, H-40,
      controlled by an Igh-linked gene. The gene maps to the Igh-C region end of the
      Igh complex, telomeric to Tsu in the region of Pre-1. At least three alleles, a,
      b, and c, can be defined. Using a cold target competition assay, no polymorphism
      of the a allele was detected. Both surface Igh-5a positive and negative spleen
      cells from (C.B-20 X BALB/c)F1 animals express the a allele of the antigen,
      indicating that this gene is not allelically excluded. Recognition of the target
      antigen by CTL is restricted by the D-end of H-2d. The tissue distribution of H
      40 was explored using both bulk-cultured and cloned CTL. The antigen is expressed
      on surface immunoglobulin positive (sIg+) cells and correlates with the
      expression of sIgM. This was determined by analysis of several B lymphomas as
      well as of other tumors that varied in their extent of expression of sIg. Four
      subclones of BCL1 were analyzed. Two of the subclones are sIg+ and express H-40,
      while two other subclones are sIg- and H-40-. Thus, these data define an Igh
      linked gene, separate from immunoglobulin structural loci, that controls an
      antigen expressed on sIg+ cells. Possible mechanisms to account for this finding
      are discussed.

PMID- 6427385
TI  - Activation of B lymphocytes by monovalent anti-Lyb-2 antibodies.
AB  - Although activation of B lymphocytes by antigen or anti-Ig antibody has been
      shown to require cross-linking of surface Ig molecules, cross-linking is not
      necessary for B cell activation by anti-Lyb-2 monoclonal antibody (MAb).
      Monovalent Fab' fragments of anti-Lyb-2 MAb are as effective as the intact
      antibody in inducing blast cell transformation of small B cells and B cell
      proliferation in the apparent absence of T cells and adherent cells. In the
      presence of factors from T cells, B cells activated by Fab' fragments of anti-Lyb
      2 MAb were induced to mature into Ig-secreting cells. Since monovalent Fab'
      fragments probably cannot induce receptor aggregation, it appears that receptor
      occupancy is sufficient to induce B cell activation with anti-Lyb-2 MAb.

PMID- 6427386
TI  - Value of the estimation of thyroglobulin levels in the surveillance of treated
      differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Thyroglobulin levels were measured, without interruption of hormone treatment, in
      115 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for differentiated carcinoma.
      Thyroglobulin levels were invariably high in patients with iodine fixing
      metastases. The estimation of thyroglobulin was found to be more sensitive than
      the detection of metastases by their uptake of 131 iodine. A new protocol is
      suggested for monitoring treated differentiated carcinoma.

PMID- 6427387
TI  - Contribution of education to cost-effective care of microcytic, hypochromic
      anemia.
AB  - Through a handbook, a seminar, and multiple opportunities for reinforcement in
      clinical settings, faculty in family medicine conducted an educational program
      that presented cost-effective practice standards for the care of anemia patients
      to resident physicians. A comparison of the quality and cost of anemia care by
      the residents before and during the program ascertained its value. The quality of
      patient care by residents rose significantly during the program. In addition, the
      residents' utilization of tests, therapy, and clinic visits and attendant costs
      reached more appropriate levels. These results should encourage faculty to
      respond to the current national need for the development of educational materials
      on cost-effective care of patients with common health problems.

PMID- 6427388
TI  - In vitro induction of sperm nucleus decondensation by cytosol from mature toad
      eggs.
AB  - An in vitro assay was performed on the cytosol from oocytes of the toad, Bufo
      bufo japonicus, to examine the cytoplasmic activity that induces sperm nucleus
      decondensation (SND). When the sperm, pretreated for 15 min with 0.05% Triton X
      100, were incubated in cytosol obtained from mature eggs (18 h post-hormone
      treatment: PHT) 30-60 min after activation, their nuclei elongated and swelled
      markedly to take a spherical shape between 1 and 2 h after incubation. The
      treatment of such detergent-treated sperm nuclei with dilute HCl significantly
      enhanced this process of nuclear decondensation. The SND activity was retained in
      the pellet after centrifugation at 105, 000g for 1 h. It was completely inhibited
      by EGTA (1 mM) and serine protease inhibitor (1 mM), though not at all by soybean
      trypsin inhibitor (1 mg/ml). The cytosol from unactivated eggs at 18 h PHT had
      hardly any SND activity, but was induced to exhibit a strong activity when 10 mM
      Ca2+ was added to the extraction medium. No SND activity was observed in the
      cytosol from full-grown ovarian oocytes (0 h PHT), oocytes at the first meiotic
      metaphase (11 h PHT), or activated oocytes at 18 h PHT from which the germinal
      vesicle had been removed before the hormone treatment. Electron-microscopic
      observations revealed that detergent- and acid-treated sperm had completely lost
      their nuclear envelopes, but, after exposure to active egg cytosol, the
      decondensed nuclei were surrounded by continuous membranous envelopes. These
      results point to the importance for the formation of swollen nuclei in fertilized
      eggs of the membrane system in mature egg cytoplasm that may be activated by Ca2+
      at the time of egg activation.

PMID- 6427389
TI  - Forskolin and mouse oocyte maturation in vitro.
AB  - Oocytes isolated from mature follicles undergo spontaneous maturation when
      cultured in vitro. Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase stimulator, inhibited
      resumption of meiosis of cumulus-free mouse oocytes in vitro. Germinal vesicle
      breakdown (GVBD) was prevented in more than 85% of the oocytes treated by
      forskolin at concentrations of 20 micrograms/ml and higher. The inhibiting effect
      of forskolin was dose-dependent and reversible. FSH, LH, FSH plus LH, estrogen,
      progesterone, and estrogen plus progesterone did not reverse the block induced by
      forskolin in cumulus-free and cumulus-enclosed oocytes. The present results
      suggest that intracellular cAMP may play a role in the regulation of oocyte
      maturation.

PMID- 6427390
TI  - The eye as a chemical indicator of environmental temperature at the time of
      death.
AB  - Vitreous humor chemistry profiles were reviewed on 133 autopsied cases in which
      death occurred outdoors during a six-year period, to determine whether
      environmental temperature at the time of death influenced chemistry values
      obtained at autopsy. The glucose concentration and total carbon dioxide content
      varied inversely with temperature. Values were significantly higher in the winter
      than the summer months. The mean glucose level was higher in deaths caused by
      cold exposure than in other deaths occurring in the cold, but individual cases
      could not be distinguished on the basis of chemistry values. Potassium levels
      tended to be slightly lower in winter. It was noted that chemistry studies could
      be used to help determine whether a body found outdoors in winter actually died
      in a different, warmer environment.

PMID- 6427391
TI  - The effect of chilling, freezing, and rewarming on the postmortem chemistry of
      vitreous humor.
AB  - The effect of chilling at the time of death on the postmortem chemistry of the
      vitreous humor was studied by using sheep heads obtained immediately following
      decapitation. One group of heads was kept at room temperature, while the
      remainder were chilled on ice or in ice water, then refrigerated or frozen.
      Vitreous humor specimens were taken at intervals over a 48-h period. Chilling
      inhibited the fall in the glucose concentration and the total carbon dioxide
      content and lessened the increase in lactic acid, compared to the room
      temperature group. Rapid glycolysis resumed when the heads rewarmed to room
      temperature starting at 6-h postmortem, but did not resume at later points. The
      rate of rise of the potassium and magnesium concentrations was also diminished in
      the chilled eyes. Freezing and thawing caused an abrupt increase in the potassium
      and magnesium levels, but other solutes were unaffected.

PMID- 6427392
TI  - Development of a radial gel diffusion technique for the identification of urea in
      urine stains.
AB  - A radial gel diffusion method utilizing urease and bromthymol blue has been
      developed for urine stain identification. Urea, present in urine in relatively
      high concentrations, can be detected from urine stain extracts. This technique
      provides both qualitative and quantitative results, and is sensitive enough to
      detect 0.078 micrograms/microliter of urea.

PMID- 6427393
TI  - [Erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in patients with
      polychlorobiphenyl poisoning].

PMID- 6427394
TI  - Antibacterial activity of cephem antibiotics against common clinical isolates.
      III. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6427395
TI  - An N-acetylmuramidase induced by PL-1 phage infection of Lactobacillus casei.
AB  - A lytic enzyme was isolated and purified from PL-1 phage-induced lysates of the
      host Lactobacillus casei ATCC 27092. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about
      30000. Maximum activity on the lysis of the host cell walls occurred at pH 6.0
      6.5 and at 45 degrees C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by heavy metal ions,
      SH- and serine-enzyme inhibitors and o-phenanthroline. The reducing end of the
      enzymic digest was muramic acid and the enzyme was considered to be an endo-N
      acetylmuramidase. However, the enzyme differed from the other known N
      acetylmuramidases including hen's egg-white lysozyme in several enzymic
      properties.

PMID- 6427396
TI  - Aspergillic acids produced by mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - A mixed culture of Aspergillus nidulans (GH79) and Aspergillus flavus (CMI
      91019B) produced two antibiotics, designated VI and VII, which were not
      elaborated when either fungus was grown alone. Chemical and spectroscopic
      analysis of VI, the major component, indicated that this compound was identical
      to hydroxyaspergillic acid. The minor component, VII, was produced in too low a
      yield for its identity to be established. However, partial characterization
      suggests that this antibiotic also belongs to the aspergillic acid group of
      mycotoxins.

PMID- 6427397
TI  - Metabolism of [14C]glucose by regenerating spheroplasts of Candida albicans.
AB  - Spheroplasts of Candida albicans were regenerated in [14C]glucose and buffered
      magnesium sulphate (0.1 M-Tris/HCl; 0.5 M-MgSO4, pH 7.2) at 35 degrees C. Uptake
      of glucose by spheroplasts was faster than that by intact yeast cells. After 6 h,
      65% of the glucose taken up by the yeast appeared as CO2 and 30% was incorporated
      into the cellular material. With spheroplasts, 55% of the glucose taken up was
      expired as CO2, 25% was excreted into the medium as other metabolites and 20% was
      incorporated into the cells. The regenerating spheroplasts excreted 14C-labelled
      carbohydrates into the medium which were fractionated on a Sephadex G-15 column.
      Acid hydrolysis of the low molecular-weight fraction yielded the following
      sugars: mannose (75.7%), fucose (3.8%), arabinose (3%), galactose (2.1%) and an
      unidentified monosaccharide (14%). Spheroplasts did not incorporate mannoprotein
      into the regenerated wall. The wall carbohydrate from regenerated spheroplasts
      was fractionated on the basis of solubility in sodium hydroxide. The alkali
      insoluble fraction was analysed by sequential enzyme hydrolysis; 40% of the
      incorporated counts were associated with beta (1----3)-linked glucan and 50% with
      a mixed glucan comprising beta (1----3)- and beta (1----6)-linkages and chitin.

PMID- 6427398
TI  - Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry applied to characterization and
      identification of selected Bacillus species.
AB  - The use of pyrolysis mass spectrometry in the characterization and identification
      of Bacillus species was studied. Fifty-three strains of four closely related
      groups, Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis and 'B.
      amyloliquefaciens', were used in a study of both sporulated and nonsporulated
      cultures. Pyrolysis was carried out using a Pyromass 8-80, a novel pyrolysis mass
      spectrometer specifically designed for fingerprinting complex samples. The
      pyrolysis data obtained were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques.
      All four groups could be differentiated using data from non-sporulated cultures
      but the data from sporulated cultures did not separate B. subtilis from 'B.
      amyloliquefaciens' or B. pumilus. In contrast, B. licheniformis was more clearly
      differentiated from the other three species using these data. Culture maturity
      affected the mass spectra obtained from non-sporulated cultures.

PMID- 6427399
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of normal and damaged membranes of Mycobacterium
      leprae and of cultivable mycobacteria.
AB  - Microdensitometry showed that the membrane profiles of normal cultivable
      mycobacteria were very asymmetric (outer layer denser and thicker than the inner
      layer), while the profiles of normal-looking M. leprae in lepromatous patients,
      in experimentally infected armadillos and in nude mice were approximately
      symmetric; moreover, the membrane of M. leprae was thicker than that of
      cultivable species. Using two cytochemical methods for the ultrastructural
      detection of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive molecules (the Thiery procedure,
      and staining with phosphotungstic acid at low pH) we found that the membrane of
      cultivable mycobacteria, growing in vitro or in vivo, had PAS-positive components
      exclusively in the outer layer, while the normal-looking M. leprae in patients
      and in armadillos had membranes with PAS-positive components in both layers. The
      membranes of damaged cultivable mycobacteria, in vivo or in vitro, and of damaged
      M. leprae, in patients or armadillos, were PAS-negative.

PMID- 6427400
TI  - Cloning of an unstable spoIIA-tyrA fragment from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A recombinant cosmid clone was isolated from a library created from cosmid pQB79
      1 and Bacillus subtilis DNA, and a 15 kb BamHI fragment derived from the cloned
      insert was transferred to the vector pHV33. The recombinant clone, pRC12, was
      capable of complementing eight auxotrophic markers in the spoIIA-tyrA region of
      the B. subtilis chromosome (map positions 205-210). It also complemented eight of
      nine markers in the spoIIA locus. The exception, spoIIA176, is the most distal
      marker from lysine. Although pRC12 failed to complement sporulation defects in
      spoVA or spoIVA (spoIIA+) strains, subclones of pRC12, lacking a functional
      spoIIA gene, did complement these mutations. pRC12 inhibited sporulation in a
      spo+ recE strain, possibly due to the presence of multiple functional spoIIA
      genes. Both the original cosmid and pRC12 were unstable in Escherichia coli and
      B. subtilis. Antibiotic selection of the vector resulted in extensive deletion of
      the insert, while selection for insert function in B. subtilis invariably led to
      loss of the chloramphenicol resistance vector function.

PMID- 6427401
TI  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of mycolic acids as a tool in the
      identification of medically important coryneform bacteria.
AB  - The mycolic acid derivatives of 11 unidentified pathogenic coryneform bacteria
      were examined by TLC, GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry. The resulting mycolic acid
      profiles of the unidentified isolates were compared with those of type or
      reference strains of possibly related coryneform species, namely Corynebacterium
      bovis, C. diphtheriae, C. xerosis and Rhodococcus equi. It was apparent that most
      of the unidentified strains showed a distinctive mycolic acid profile, with
      predominant amounts of relatively high molecular weight mycolic acids (C32-C36)
      and a high degree of unsaturation, and could thus be distinguished from both C.
      bovis, which had exceptionally low molecular weight mycolic acids (C24-C30), and
      C. diphtheriae (C28-C34), which had large amounts of saturated mycolic acids. The
      mycolates of C. xerosis and R. equi (C28-C36) were generally similar to those of
      the unidentified coryneforms but their overall mycolic acid patterns were
      different from one another as well as the unidentified strains. The mycolic acid
      profiles exhibited by the pathogenic coryneforms examined here were very similar
      to one another but unlike that of any of the type or reference strains included
      in the study.

PMID- 6427402
TI  - Characterization of polyagglutinating and surface antigens in Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC1R (serotype O:3) which were resistant to
      bacteriophage D were isolated and shown to react with O:5d, O:9 and O:13 antisera
      as well as O:3. Antisera to the parent strain and to the three polyagglutinating
      (PA) mutants also showed cross-reactions. The mutants differed from the parent
      strain in their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition. The LPS from two of the
      three mutants yielded high molecular weight polysaccharide fractions. Although
      the high molecular weight fraction from one of the mutants contained the amino
      sugars and other components characteristic of the O:3 serotype strains, its
      mobility on Sephadex G75 was different from that of the parent strain. The high
      molecular weight material from the second mutant lacked the O-antigenic
      determinants but these were present in a semi-rough LPS fraction. The third
      mutant appeared rough and completely lacked the O-antigenic components. These
      three mutants were compared with the parent strain and with a non-agglutinating
      LPS-defective mutant which lacked both O-antigenic side chains and all neutral
      sugars in the outer core. Agglutination with absorbed sera and haemagglutination
      using purified LPS and ELISA detection suggested that wall components other than
      LPS were responsible for some of the cross-reactions observed. The components
      responsible were detected after SDS-PAGE of crude outer membrane fractions by a
      combination of Coomassie blue and silver-staining and antigenic components were
      detected by immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA-linked immunoblotting of the gels.
      The main antigenic determinants detected by antiserum to the parent strain were
      in the high molecular weight O-polysaccharide fractions and in the semirough
      fractions of the LPS, with some activity due to the H protein of the outer
      membrane. O:5d antisera reacted with unidentified high molecular weight
      polysaccharide fractions. Cross-reactions with the O:9 antiserum appeared to be
      due mainly to the F porin and, to a lesser extent, to the G and E proteins of the
      outer membrane. O:13 antiserum reacted with high molecular weight polysaccharide
      fractions but also with the rough core and F and H protein. Cross-reactivity of
      the other three mutant antisera could largely be interpreted in terms of the
      outer membrane components exposed in each strain. One reacted strongly with the F
      porin and the rough core, while the others reacted with a number of protein and
      LPS-derived fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6427403
TI  - Genetic and structural evidence for the presence of propanediol oxidoreductase
      isoenzymes in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The synthesis of propanediol oxidoreductase, an enzyme permitting the anaerobic
      metabolism of fucose and rhamnose, has been described as being controlled by the
      prd locus closely linked to the fuc locus in wild-type cells of Escherichia coli.
      However, strain AA-787, deleted in the fuc and prd loci, grew anaerobically on
      rhamnose, displaying propanediol oxidoreductase activity. From the deleted strain
      we derived a constitutive producer of propanediol oxidoreductase able to grow on
      1,2-propanediol by oxidizing the diol to lactaldehyde which was further
      metabolized to lactate. Transduction experiments showed that this ability to use
      propanediol was closely linked to the rha locus. Peptide mapping of fucose- and
      rhamnose-induced propanediol oxidoreductase of wild-type cells established
      structural differences between the two enzymes, indicating two structural genes,
      one for each sugar metabolizing system.

PMID- 6427404
TI  - Non-A, non-B epidemic hepatitis: visualization of virus-like particles in the
      stool by immune electron microscopy.
AB  - Acute-phase stool samples collected from hepatitis cases during outbreaks of
      water-borne epidemic hepatitis were examined by immune electron microscopy (IEM).
      Spherical virus-like particles (27 nm in diameter) were visualized in the stool
      of a hepatitis patient with serological evidence of non-A, non-B (NANB)
      hepatitis. The IEM demonstrated serological specificity of the antigen with the
      patient's own convalescent serum as well as a known pool of NANB hepatitis
      convalescent sera. It is suggested that these virus-like particles may be the
      aetiological agent of faeco -orally transmitted NANB epidemic hepatitis in India.

PMID- 6427405
TI  - A phage-resistant mutant of Lactobacillus casei which permits phage adsorption
      but not genome injection.
AB  - A phage-resistant mutant of Lactobacillus casei (strain YIT 9021) was capable of
      adsorbing both PL-1 and J-1 phages, but did not yield phage-infected cells. The
      mutant and wild-type strains were identical in morphology and sugar composition
      of the cell walls. Attempts to induce prophages from strain YIT 9021 were
      unsuccessful. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained mixtures of
      phage PL-1 and YIT 9021 bacteria revealed that the phages were adsorbed to the
      cells in a tail-first orientation. All the absorbed phages had DNA-filled heads.
      It was concluded that PL-1 adsorbed normally but was blocked in the injection of
      the phage genome into the cell.

PMID- 6427406
TI  - Multiple personality, seizure disorder, and the electroencephalogram.
AB  - The electroencephalogram (EEG) in a case of multiple personality was described.
      Despite conflicting reports in the literature we found no changes in the EEG
      which could not be ascribed to the normal changes seen in transitions from
      various states of alertness. The problems of differentiating multiple personality
      as a psychiatric entity in itself from those cases arising as a result of chronic
      partial or partial-complex epilepsy are discussed. Further research with more
      sophisticated electrophysiological data acquisition and data reduction equipment
      is suggested.

PMID- 6427407
TI  - Assays of glucose tolerance factor and its mode of action, studied with brewer's
      yeast.
AB  - Glucose tolerance factor (GTF) has usually been assayed by manometric measurement
      of CO2 evolved when glucose was metabolizing glucose. By using 14C labeled
      substrates it has been shown that GTF increases the decarboxylation of pyruvate
      to ethanol and CO2. Thus in addition to measuring CO2 evolution, the enzymatic
      estimation of the increased ethanol production can be used to assay GTF. A
      further effect of GTF was to cause increased carboxylation of pyruvate to
      substrates that are used in the biosynthesis of cell substance. The metabolic
      sites of action of GTF are discussed.

PMID- 6427408
TI  - Antibodies to dopamine: radioimmunological study of specificity in relation to
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Two classes of anti-3,4- dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) antibodies were
      raised in rabbits using dopamine conjugated to albumin either via formaldehyde or
      via glutaraldehyde. Each was usable for immunohistochemical detection of dopamine
      neurons provided that the tissue was fixed by the homologous cross-linking agent.
      However, anti-dopamine-glutaraldehyde antibodies turned out to be of more general
      use because of the better fixative properties of glutaraldehyde which fixed
      dopamine in rat and in teleost, whereas formaldehyde only worked in lower
      vertebrates (such as goldfish) and not in rat brain. The specificity of anti
      dopamine-glutaraldehyde antibodies was firmly established by competition
      experiments in equilibrium dialysis, using an immunoreactive tritiated derivative
      synthesized by coupling dopamine to N-alpha-acetyl-L-lysine N-methylamide via
      glutaraldehyde. Specificity studies in vitro and immunohistological results
      demonstrating the specific staining of dopaminergic neurons were found to
      correlate well.

PMID- 6427409
TI  - Characterization, localization, and biosynthesis of an interstitial retinol
      binding glycoprotein in the human eye.
AB  - Human eyes contain an Mr 135K retinol-binding protein that is analogous to
      interstitial retinol-binding protein ( IRBP ) in the subretinal space of bovine
      eyes. It is a glycoprotein, because it binds 125I-concanavalin A, 125I-wheat germ
      agglutinin and 125I-Lens culinaris hemagglutinin. It does not bind Ricinus
      communis agglutinin I. After desialation, it binds Ricinus communis agglutinin I,
      but loses its capacity to bind wheat germ agglutinin. These observations, coupled
      with the known specificities of these lectins, suggest that at least one of the
      oligosaccharide chains is a sialated , biantennary complex type containing
      fucose. Both by direct analysis of dissected ocular tissues and by
      immunocytochemistry it was shown that human interstitial retinol binding protein
      is an extracellular protein that is confined predominantly to the subretinal
      space. Monkey retinas incubated in vitro in medium containing [3H]leucine were
      shown to synthesize and secrete this protein into the medium, a conclusion that
      was confirmed by immunoprecipitation with an immunoglobulin fraction prepared
      from rabbit antibovine IRBP serum. Virtually no other labeled proteins were
      detectable in the medium. It is concluded that interstitial retinol-binding
      protein meets many of the requirements for a putative transport protein
      implicated in the transfer of retinol between the pigment epithelium and retina
      during the visual cycle, and that the neural retina may play an important role in
      regulating its amount in the subretinal space.

PMID- 6427410
TI  - The relationship between arachidonic acid release and catecholamine secretion
      from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - Increased arachidonic acid release occurred during activation of catecholamine
      secretion from cultured bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. The nicotinic
      agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4- phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) caused an increased release of
      preincubated [3H]arachidonic acid over a time course which corresponded to the
      stimulation of catecholamine secretion. Like catecholamine secretion, the DMPP
      induced [3H]arachidonic acid release was calcium-dependent and was blocked by the
      nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine. Depolarization by elevated K+, which induced
      catecholamine secretion, also stimulated arachidonic acid release. Because
      arachidonic acid release from cells probably results from phospholipase A2
      activity, our findings indicate that phospholipase A2 may be activated in
      chromaffin cells during secretion.

PMID- 6427411
TI  - Regional distribution of prostaglandins D2, E2, and F2 alpha and related enzymes
      in postmortem human brain.
AB  - The presence of prostaglandins D2, E2, and F2 alpha was demonstrated and their
      contents measured in various regions of postmortem human brain, pineal body, and
      pituitary by using specific radioimmunoassays and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. The three prostaglandins were widely distributed in similar
      concentrations ranging from several hundred pg/g wet weight to about 40 ng/g wet
      weight. Prostaglandins D2 and E2 showed consistent and similar regional
      distributions in all six brains tested; amounts were high in pineal body,
      pituitary, olfactory bulb, and hypothalamus. On the other hand, prostaglandin F2
      alpha was distributed more evenly. Prostaglandin D synthetase and prostaglandin E
      synthetase activities were found in cerebrum homogenate from a single subject and
      were recovered from the 100,000 X g supernatant. The presence of 1 mM
      glutathione, reduced form, markedly stimulated the activity of prostaglandin E
      synthetase, but did not affect prostaglandin D synthetase activity. Activity of
      15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was found in the cerebrum homogenate and
      was partially purified. This enzyme required NADP as a cofactor and copurified
      with prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase.

PMID- 6427412
TI  - An experimental study of acute subarachnoid haemorrhage in baboons: changes in
      cerebral blood volume, blood flow, electrical activity and water content.
AB  - Subarachnoid haemorrhage following transection of the posterior artery was
      produced in 10 baboons. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) decreased transiently after
      subarachnoid haemorrhage. Two basic patterns of intracranial pressure (ICP) were
      observed; in one ICP returned to normal but in the other it remained elevated. In
      this latter group four out of five animals showed an increase in CBV above the
      original level. There were delays in sensory conduction (measured using
      somatosensory evoked potentials) bilaterally; those on the contralateral side to
      the bleed were correlated with ICP whereas other factors are implicated on the
      ipsilateral side. Initial flow reduction and restoration of cerebral blood flow
      were both correlated with water content.

PMID- 6427413
TI  - Induction of neutrophilic differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemic cells
      by branched-chain carboxylic acid anticonvulsant drugs.
AB  - The anticonvulsant drug 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ( MCCA ) has been
      shown to cause maturation of murine neuroblastoma cells in vitro at
      concentrations that are pharmacologically achievable. HL-60 human promyelocytic
      leukemia cells cultured with this drug underwent a dose-dependent decrease in
      growth. Similarly, neutrophilic differentiation, based on morphologic criteria
      and the acquisition of the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and
      phagocytose yeast, was observed. Valproic acid, a clinically available
      anticonvulsant that is chemically related to MCCA , likewise inhibited growth and
      promoted maturation of HL-60 cells, although only at concentrations above the
      recommended therapeutic blood levels. MCCA was additive in its ability to induce
      differentiation of HL-60 with retinoic acid, another compound that induces
      differentiation at pharmacologic concentrations. MCCA , or similar branched-chain
      fatty acids, may be useful in the treatment of human leukemia, particularly in
      combination with other differentiation-inducing drugs.

PMID- 6427414
TI  - The Proteus Syndrome: the emergence of an entity.

PMID- 6427415
TI  - Proteus syndrome.

PMID- 6427416
TI  - Drug combinations in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma: a randomized
      Southwest Oncology Group study.
AB  - The FAM combination with the simultaneous administration of 5-fluorouracil,
      doxorubicin, and mitomycin C is considered standard chemotherapy for gastric
      adenocarcinoma. This study was initiated to determine whether a kinetically
      designed sequential administration of these three drugs would be superior and
      whether the presence or absence of easily measurable tumor would imply
      differences in survival. To do so, the Southwest Oncology Group tested two
      schedules in a randomized study of 239 patients. Independent judgments of
      response were made by two authors with the same results. Equivalent response
      rates (23% of all eligible sequential and 30% simultaneous) and median survival
      durations (22 and 23 weeks, respectively) were seen. Patients with and without
      readily measurable tumors each lived a median of 22 weeks. Higher degrees of
      hematologic toxicity were associated with prolonged survival (median 27 weeks
      versus 20 weeks, p = 0.04). Patients treated by community oncologists were
      described as having higher response rates than those treated in major medical
      centers (64% versus 31%, p = 0.03). The meaning of this is questionable in that
      there were no statistical differences in survival or toxicity. Those with prior
      exposure to 5-fluorouracil had only a tendency, without statistical significance,
      for a slightly inferior response and survival.

PMID- 6427417
TI  - The biology and treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
AB  - Management of the superficial bladder cancer patient consists of two
      complementary but separate therapeutic goals: treatment of the existing tumor(s)
      and prevention of tumor recurrence. At present, the stage, grade, and
      multicentricity are the major determinants in the natural and therapeutic history
      of the disease. Although intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutic agents has
      been used for greater than 20 years, neither its exact role nor the optimal dose
      or schedule of administration have been established. To date, no dramatic
      differences in efficacy between the agents commonly used for intravesical
      chemotherapy, either as definitive therapy or prophylaxis, have been appreciated.
      These agents do appear to lower the recurrence rate as well as extend the disease
      free interval. Since the most thorough experience is with thiotepa, it is the
      drug against which other agents should be compared in terms of both efficacy and
      toxicologic evaluation. Different administration schedules and methodologies need
      further study, such as the utility of continuous bladder irrigation, the use of
      sequential chemotherapeutic agents to gain cell synchronization, and the use of
      multiple drug regimens. Because there are multiple factors that influence the
      occurrence and recurrence of bladder cancer, combined modality therapy deserves
      testing. Modes of therapy that could be used together because they act through
      different mechanisms are intravesical chemotherapy, radioactive needle implants,
      carcinogen modifiers such as pyridoxine, chemoprotective agents such as retinoic
      acid, and immune stimulants such as BCG. These studies should be performed in a
      randomized prospective controlled fashion, which may require cooperative multi
      institutional involvement to accrue adequate numbers of patients. At this time
      there are a number of important questions that remain to be answered concerning
      the treatment of superficial bladder cancer: (1) does this mode of therapy affect
      overall survival, (2) does prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy alter the
      incidence of subsequent muscle invasive disease, (3) does intravesical
      chemotherapy alter the sites, incidence, or responsiveness to systemic
      chemotherapy of subsequent metastatic disease, and (4) and what is the optimal
      timing and duration of prophylactic therapy from a cost-effectiveness standpoint?

PMID- 6427418
TI  - Parental nutrition: is it oncologically logical?

PMID- 6427419
TI  - Parenteral nutrition: is it oncologically logical? A response.

PMID- 6427420
TI  - Inefficacy of dacarbazine, mitomycin C, and hepatic irradiation in patients with
      metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - A regimen combining hepatic irradiation and intravenous dacarbazine and mitomycin
      C for treating colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases offers no advance
      in the management of patients with this disease.

PMID- 6427421
TI  - Carbon dioxide sensitivity of dye coupling among glia and neurons of the
      neocortex.
AB  - Among neocortical astrocytes and neurons, intracellular injection of the
      fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH into single cells will often label multiple
      adjacent cells. It is possible that this intercellular dye movement occurs
      through gap junctions, which in several systems are sensitive to cytoplasmic
      acidification. In the present study we tested the effect of increased CO2 levels,
      a treatment expected to decrease intracellular pH (pHi), on the prevalence of
      glial and neuronal dye coupling in neocortical slices. When CO2 levels were
      raised to 40% or 50%, dye coupling among astrocytes was completely abolished.
      Under the same conditions, the prevalence of dye coupling among neocortical
      neurons of adult guinea pigs was significantly reduced to 18.7%, compared to the
      control level of 32.3%. Dye coupling among immature rat neocortical neurons,
      which normally occurs at relatively high rates, was not measurably affected by
      CO2 levels up to 50%. The results suggest that coupling between cortical glia is
      very sensitive to cytoplasmic acidification. The relative insensitivity of
      neuronal coupling to CO2 may indicate either that the conductance of neuronal gap
      junctions is only weakly affected by pHi or that neuron-to-neuron dye passage
      occurs via other types of intercytoplasmic pathways.

PMID- 6427422
TI  - Substantial reduction of cortical noradrenaline by lesions of adrenergic pathway
      does not prevent effects of monocular deprivation.
AB  - We tested the theory that depletion of noradrenaline reduces the plasticity of
      the visual cortex in kittens by using another method of depletion. Lesions were
      made in the lateral hypothalamus to interrupt fibers in the dorsal noradrenergic
      bundle going from the locus ceruleus to the telencephalon. The lesions were
      induced at approximately 3 1/2 weeks of age in kittens; approximately 2 weeks
      later one eye was sutured shut, and about 10 days after that cells were recorded
      in the visual cortex. The location of the lesions was verified histologically,
      and the effect of the lesions was verified by noradrenaline analyses (high
      pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemistry) of samples from the visual
      cortex. The noradrenaline content of the visual cortex was reduced by 70 to 90%.
      However, the majority of cells recorded in the visual cortex could not be driven
      through the eye that had been sutured closed. The ocular dominance histograms for
      cells in the visual cortex were indistinguishable from those of kittens that were
      monocularly deprived for a similar period in the "critical period" and that had
      normal amounts of noradrenaline in their visual cortex. Therefore, we conclude
      that reduction of the noradrenaline content of the visual cortex by 70 to 90% is
      insufficient, by itself, to prevent the physiological changes that occur in the
      visual cortex after monocular deprivation.

PMID- 6427423
TI  - Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment eliminates cholinergic sympathetic
      innervation and induces sensory sprouting in rat sweat glands.
AB  - Previous studies of the development of cholinergic sympathetic innervation of
      sweat glands in rat footpads suggested that these terminals initially exhibit
      noradrenergic properties which are lost as the glands and their innervation
      mature. We have treated neonatal and adult rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA),
      a toxic congener of norepinephrine, and compared its effects on the cholinergic
      sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and the noradrenergic sympathetic
      innervation of the iris, salivary gland, and blood vessels. As reported by
      others, 6-OHDA treatment of neonates caused the destruction of noradrenergic
      fibers in the iris and salivary gland but did not affect other fibers projecting
      to these targets that stain for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We found that 6-OHDA
      treatment of neonatal animals also caused the destruction of the sympathetic
      axons in immature sweat glands that possess catecholamine histofluorescence and
      tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity. Furthermore, when such animals were
      examined as adults, we found no AChE staining, vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP)-like immunoreactivity, or characteristic sympathetic axonal varicosities.
      However, the denervated glands were invested by a plexus of sensory axons, some
      of which exhibited substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-IR). An increase in the
      number of SP-IR fibers also occurred in the sympathetically denervated irides of
      these animals. Chronic treatment of neonates with guanethidine, another
      adrenergic sympathetic neurotoxin, resulted in similar loss of cholinergic sweat
      gland innervation. Treatment of adults rats with doses of 6-OHDA identical to
      those used to treat neonates caused the loss of noradrenergic fibers from the
      iris, salivary gland, and many blood vessels but did not noticeably affect AChE
      and VIP staining or axonal ultrastructure in the sweat glands. However, treatment
      with higher doses of 6-OHDA did cause significant axonal degeneration. The
      response of the sympathetic innervation of developing but not mature sweat glands
      to 6-OHDA provides evidence for a transition from noradrenergic to cholinergic
      phenotype during the development of sympathetic neurons in vivo similar to the
      transition observed in cell culture. The sprouting of sensory axons may be caused
      by NGF-like trophic influences present in some sympathetically denervated
      tissues.

PMID- 6427424
TI  - CT diagnosis of phakomatosis.

PMID- 6427425
TI  - Interhemispheric subdural hematoma. Case report.
AB  - A case of interhemispheric subdural hematoma ( ISH ) is presented and discussed.
      This disorder is a rare form of intracranial hemorrhage, which classically
      presents as an isolated paresis of one leg or a hemiparesis worse in the leg than
      the arm. The majority of cases are due to occipital trauma because of the anatomy
      of the bridging veins. Chronic interhemispheric hematomas are rare since the
      natural history of these lesions is to spread out over the cerebral convexity.
      Conservative treatment for ISH may be beneficial unless neurological
      deterioration necessitates early operative intervention.

PMID- 6427426
TI  - Nutritional support in acute head injuries.

PMID- 6427427
TI  - Ultrastructure of early calcification in cervical ossification of the posterior
      longitudinal ligament.
AB  - A case of ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament was
      investigated with the electron microscope. The posterior longitudinal ligament
      was composed of bundles of collagen fibers intermingled with occasional
      fibroblasts and rare blood vessels. Some ligaments contained matrix vesicles in
      the vicinity of degenerated cells. Hydroxyapatite crystals were frequently
      precipitated within the matrix vesicles. These findings are similar to the fine
      structure of the early stage of calcification in normal and pathological
      calcifying tissues described previously. In this study, the calcification process
      of the posterior longitudinal ligament suggests that matrix vesicles originate
      from degenerated cells, and acquire hydroxyapatite crystal deposits. Some
      eventually coalesce to form a large calcifying mass. Substantial amounts of
      collagen fibers comprising the ligament may serve an important role in orienting
      apatite crystal precipitation.

PMID- 6427428
TI  - Clinical evaluation of Tc-99m N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetyl)-2,3-diaminopropanoate as a
      replacement for I-131 hippurate: concise communication.
AB  - A clinical comparison of Tc-99m N,N'-bis( mercaptoacetyl )-2,3- diaminopropanoate
      (Component A) (Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A) and I-131 hippurate was conducted in a series
      of five normal volunteers and 18 patients. Each subject was studied in one
      session with Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A and I-131-hippurate; digital and analog images
      were recorded for 30 min and after voiding. In the normal volunteers, digital
      images with Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A gave a kidney-to-background ratio at 3 min that was
      greater relative to I-131 hippurate, a leading-edge parenchymal transit time that
      was similar to I-131 hippurate, and a percent injected dose in the urine at 30
      min that was slightly less than I-131 hippurate (p less than 0.05). In patients
      (serum creatinine 1.0 to 14.3 mg/dl), decreasing renal function impaired
      excretion of Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A more than that of I-131 hippurate (p less than
      0.01). In analog images, Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A always gave superior spatial
      resolution. No evidence of hepatobiliary excretion was detected with either
      radiopharmaceutical. We conclude that Tc-99m CO2-DADS-A and similar compounds
      should be pursued as possible replacements for I-131 hippurate.

PMID- 6427429
TI  - Concentration of In-111-oxine-labeled autologous leukocytes in noninfected and
      nonrejecting renal allografts: concise communication.
AB  - Autologous leukocytes labeled with In-111 oxine (ILL) concentrated in the renal
      allografts of eight patients for whom transplant rejection, infection, or acute
      tubular necrosis (ATN) could be excluded. All patients had good-to-adequate renal
      function at the time of ILL scintigraphy, and none developed rejection or renal
      transplant failure during a 1-mo follow-up period. It is concluded that normally
      functioning renal allografts without evidence of rejection, infection, or ATN
      often will concentrate ILL. When a baseline study is not available for
      comparison, this phenomenon limits the value of ILL scintigraphy as a diagnostic
      test for transplant rejection or infection.

PMID- 6427430
TI  - Evaluation of an immunoextraction procedure for the estimation of free thyroxine
      concentration.
AB  - We have examined the performance of a commercial free-thyroxine assay in which a
      radiolabeled T4 derivative permits the competitive quantitation of extracted T4
      in the presence of serum proteins. After the total T4 pool had been radiolabeled
      with either I-125 T4 or I-131 T4, the solid-phase antibody was found to be
      associated with 4-8% of the total T4 present in the assay tube. Of this, 15-60%
      was displaceable (antibody-bound). The assay estimated free T4 to be 0.6-1.8
      ng/dl in euthyroid patients, and distinguished them from hyperthyroid
      (sensitivity 91%) and hypothyroid patients (sensitivity 91%) without apparent TBG
      dependence. In patients with severe nonthyroidal illnesses, the assay correctly
      quantitated a reduced extracted mass in some. In other patients, however, the
      assay results were inappropriately lower than the actual extracted mass, in
      agreement with the FTI but not with the measurements of free T4 by dialysis. This
      assay appears to produce clinically appropriate results in most patients. In some
      nonthyroidally ill patients however, the indicated free T4 is spuriously low.

PMID- 6427431
TI  - N,N'-bis(S-benzoylmercaptoacetamido) ethylenediamine and propylenediamine ligands
      as renal function imaging agents. I. Alternate synthetic methods.
AB  - A new method was developed to synthesize tetradentate ligands containing the N,N'
      bis(S- benzoylmercaptoacetyl ) ethylenediamine and propylenediamine moieties
      (DADS compounds). Methods are also represented with which to synthesize some of
      the positional isomers of the above compounds. These isomers represent a new
      class of compounds. A total of 21 different compounds were prepared. These will
      be used in an effort to establish a relationship between structure and renal
      imaging properties.

PMID- 6427432
TI  - Radiolabeled iron in soybeans: intrinsic labeling and bioavailability of iron to
      rats from defatted flour.
AB  - Soybeans can be efficiently labeled with radiolabeled iron by supplying the iron
      via a nutrient culture medium as an iron salt or as a chelate. By using dual
      labeled iron and EDTA, it was determined that none of the chelator was
      transported to the shoots with the iron. Therefore, the use of chelated iron as
      the iron source in the nutrient medium should not affect assessments of
      bioavailability of iron from plants. Bioavailability (determined from whole-body
      retention curves of 59Fe in rats) of iron from defatted soy flour was relatively
      high and addition of vitamin C did not significantly enhance absorption of iron
      from defatted soy flour.

PMID- 6427433
TI  - Calcium status of the growing rat as affected by diet acidity from ammonium
      chloride, phosphate and protein.
AB  - Two trials of 4 and 8 weeks' duration were conducted on 64 male Long-Evans
      growing rats to study effect(s) of diet protein (20 and 40%), phosphate source
      (less or more acidic) and NH4Cl (none or 1% in water) on Ca status and acid-base
      balance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial plan in four
      randomized blocks. All diets were equal in Ca (0.52%) and P (0.41%). Criteria
      were blood pH and bicarbonate, plasma hydroxyproline and Ca, urinary cAMP and Ca,
      fecal Ca, and mineral analyses and gravimetric measurement of femurs. Blood pH
      was lowered due to NH4Cl ingestion at 4 weeks (7.11 and 7.22, P less than 0.05)
      and 8 weeks (7.27 and 7.36, P less than 0.02). Protein level and phosphate source
      influenced blood bicarbonate. With the ingestion of more acid there were
      increases in urinary cAMP and Ca. Fecal Ca increased twofold with more acid.
      Femur specific gravity was higher with the less acidic phosphate source. In
      conclusion, acid phosphate, NH4Cl and protein influenced blood pH and loss of Ca
      via urine and feces with a resultant lowered bone density. The less acidic
      phosphate source reduced or prevented a lowered bone density.

PMID- 6427434
TI  - Gelation of the complex between kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin.
AB  - The gelation of the complex between kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin was
      examined. The apparent viscosity of the mixture of kappa-casein and beta
      lactoglobulin increased by heat treatment. The mixture formed a gel at the
      concentration of 8% (w/w). The gel formation was accelerated by the chymosin
      treatment. The mixture of kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin in each
      concentration of 1.5% gelled by the addition of chymosin after heat treatment.
      Forming the complex between kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin was necessary to
      the gel formation. Therefore, heat treatment of above 70 degrees C was demanded.
      Turbidity increased and the relative content of soluble protein decreased
      accompanied with gel formation. The addition of calcium ion to the heated
      solution produced an increase in turbidity. The larger the protein concentration
      was, the larger the breaking stress of the formed gel was. The addition of
      calcium ion weakened the breaking stress of the gel.

PMID- 6427435
TI  - Effect of excess L-lysine on rat growth and on plasma and tissue concentrations
      of copper, iron and zinc.
AB  - A 28-day feeding study was conducted to test the effect of excess dietary lysine
      on rat growth and the concentration of copper, iron and zinc in plasma and liver.
      Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 10% protein casein diet with or without
      excess lysine. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, food
      intake or plasma proteins among the dietary treatment groups. Supplementation of
      the basal diet with 2.1% L-lysine caused a 53% reduction in hepatic copper and a
      significant reduction in hepatic iron. The addition of 0.7% or 2.1% lysine to the
      basal diet caused significant reductions in levels of plasma copper. The 2.1%
      level of lysine tended to lower the concentration of zinc in plasma. The data
      suggest that lysine may interfere with the availability of selected minerals by
      reducing tissue utilization or promoting excretion, or both.

PMID- 6427436
TI  - Advances in diagnosis and treatment of short stature, with special reference to
      the role of growth hormone.

PMID- 6427437
TI  - Benign bacteremia caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in children younger
      than 2 years.

PMID- 6427438
TI  - Brain calcification in severely stressed neonates receiving parenteral calcium.
AB  - Morphologic evidence for calcium salts within the brains of severely stressed
      neonates at autopsy correlated to the mean daily parenteral dose of calcium
      gluconate (P less than 0.01). Survival analysis indicated that parenteral
      administration of calcium contributed a negative effect to predicted survival (P
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 6427439
TI  - Zinc and copper requirements during parenteral nutrition in the newborn.
AB  - Zinc and copper requirements and metabolism in surgical neonates on parenteral
      nutrition were monitored. Without a supplementation of zinc, the plasma zinc
      level decreased in the second week and became severe with time. In full-term
      babies, for up to 4 weeks of parenteral nutrition, 40 micrograms/kg/d was
      adequate to maintain the plasma zinc level within a normal range. For extended
      periods of parenteral nutrition, the dose of zinc can be reduced without excess
      loss of this mineral. However, premature babies in the zinc-supplemented group
      showed a decreased zinc level in the fourth week of parenteral nutrition,
      indicating that 40 micrograms/kg/d of zinc supplementation was inadequate for
      premature surgical babies. Infants with enterostomy require increased amounts of
      zinc, even up to 300 micrograms/kg/d. Copper levels revealed little change, up to
      4 weeks of this feeding. In the presence of increased fluid loss through
      gastrointestinal fistulas, deficiency of copper occurred and the copper
      requirements increased. Careful monitoring is necessary to ensure an adequate
      supply of these minerals to surgical neonates.

PMID- 6427440
TI  - Dumping syndrome following Nissen's fundoplication: a cause for refusal to feed.
AB  - Two cases of infantile dumping syndrome which developed following Nissen
      fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux are described. Both infants were fed
      postoperatively via a gastrostomy and showed the typical clinical picture of
      dumping with failure to thrive, intermittent diarrhea, lethargy and pallor
      postprandially. Several glucose tolerance tests were highly pathological with
      marked hyperglycemia immediately after a gastrostomy meal followed by
      hypoglycemia two hours later. In one case HbA1c was significantly elevated which
      is thought to be an expression of recurrent hyperglycemia. In both infants the
      first and most impressive clinical sign was absolute refusal or oral feeds.
      Normal oral food intake was slowly re-established after normalization of blood
      glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 6427441
TI  - Comparison between formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde diffusion through the root
      tissues of pulpotomy-treated teeth.

PMID- 6427442
TI  - [In vitro liberation of nitroglycerin from galenic formulations intended for
      percutaneous use. I].

PMID- 6427443
TI  - Absorption of thyrotropin-releasing hormone after oral administration of TRH
      tartrate monohydrate in the rat, dog and human.
AB  - Quantitative blood levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were determined
      by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay after oral administration or
      intravenous injected of thyrotropin-releasing hormone tartrate monohydrate (TRH
      T) in the rat, dog and human. A pharmacokinetic analysis after intravenous
      injection of the drug revealed biphasic elimination of the whole blood
      concentration following a two-compartment open model with a half-life in alpha
      phase of 2.6 min and beta-phase of 4.6 min in the rat (dose: 500 micrograms/kg);
      a half-life in alpha-phase of 3.2 min and beta-phase of 18.1 min in the beagle
      dog (dose: 146 micrograms/dog); a half-life in alpha-phase of 4.0 min and beta
      phase of 20.4 min in the human (dose: 730 microgram/human). The absolute
      bioavailability of TRH after oral administration of TRH-T solution in 24 h
      fasting rats were 1.5, 0.4, and 0.2% at 29.2, 146, and 730 mg/kg dosing levels,
      respectively (e.q. 20, 100, 500 mg/kg of TRH) compared with i.v. injection (dose:
      500 microgram/kg). In beagle-dogs, they were 12.6, 9.8, 5.6, and 3.5% at 2.92,
      14.6, 29.2, and 146 mg/dog dosing levels, respectively (e.q., 10, 20, and 100
      mg/dog at TRH) compared with i.v. injection (dose: 146 micrograms/dog). Those of
      after meal in beagle-dogs were 6.0 and 2.3% at 2.92 and 29.2 mg/dog dosing levels
      (e.q. 2, and 20 mg/dog of TRH). Thus, TRH absorption showed apparent saturation
      and was decreased by food ingestion. The absolute bioavailability in the humans,
      who were administered 11.7 mg TRH-T (2.92 mg/tablet X four, e.q. 8 mg of TRH) two
      hours after meal, was 2.0% on the average, and thyroid stimulating hormone levels
      were significantly increased by oral administration of TRH-T tablets.

PMID- 6427444
TI  - Antitumor activity of lipophilic prodrugs of mitomycin C entrapped in liposome or
      O/W emulsion.
AB  - Nine lipophilic la-N-substituted prodrugs of mitomycin C were formulated in lipid
      dispersion dosage forms and their fundamental antitumor activities were
      evaluated. The prodrugs were efficiently incorporated into liposome or O/W
      emulsion according to their increased lipophilicities , while mitomycin C was
      hardly entrapped into them. Almost complete incorporation was observed in
      nonyloxycarbonyl and cholesteryloxycarbonyl mitomycin C which showed partition
      coefficients over 8000 in chloroform/water system. The release rate from these
      dosage forms determined by a dynamic dialysis method decreased with an increase
      in the partition coefficients of the derivatives. All prodrugs entrapped in
      liposome or O/W emulsion showed significant antitumor activities against L1210
      leukemia in i.p.-i.p. system except for cholesteryloxycarbonyl mitomycin C. In
      spite of considerable antitumor activities showen in the forms of liposome and
      emulsion, saline suspension of nonyloxycarbonyl mitomycin C failed to exhibit any
      activity because of its poor aqueous solubility. These results suggested the
      utility of the combining delivery system of lipophilic prodrug with physical
      device such as liposome and O/W emulsion.

PMID- 6427445
TI  - Use of hexadeuterated valproic acid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to
      determine the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid.
AB  - Di-[( 3,3,3-2H3]propyl)acetic acid, a hexadeuterated analogue of valproic acid,
      was synthesized and its pharmacokinetic properties compared with valproic acid.
      Concentrations of valproic acid and [2H]valproic acid in serum and saliva were
      determined by GC-MS using selected-ion monitoring. Saliva drug levels were
      measured with good precision down to 0.1 microgram/mL. Kinetic equivalence of
      valproic acid and [2H]valproic acid was demonstrated in a single-dose study in a
      human volunteer. An isotope effect was observed for omega-oxidation, but the
      difference in metabolism was not sufficient to make [2H]valproic acid
      biologically nonequivalent. The application of [2H]valproic acid to determine the
      kinetics of valproic acid under steady-state concentrations was evaluated in the
      same volunteer. The kinetic data obtained with [2H]valproic acid was consistent
      with previously reported values for valproic acid including kinetic differences
      observed between single-dose and steady-state experiments. Saliva levels of
      valproic acid were found to give a good correlation (r = 0.953) with total serum
      valproic acid under multiple-dose conditions. A concentration dependence was
      found for the ratio of saliva valproic acid to free valproic acid in serum, low
      ratios being observed at high serum concentrations of valproic acid.

PMID- 6427446
TI  - Altered effects of desipramine on operant performance after 6-hydroxydopamine
      induced depletion of brain dopamine or norepinephrine.
AB  - Performance maintained by differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate operant
      schedules has been found to be sensitive to antidepressant drugs. Tricyclic
      antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and atypical antidepressants reduce
      response rate and increase reinforcement rate under long differential
      reinforcement-of-low-rate schedules. In order to study the neurochemical
      mechanism by which the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine alters differential
      reinforcement-of-low-rate performance, the effect of desipramine was determined
      before and after brain catecholamine depletion was induced by 6-hydroxydopamine
      administration. Before lesioning, desipramine reduced response rate and increased
      reinforcement rate in a dose-dependent manner. Brain norepinephrine depletion
      (produced by 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the dorsal noradrenergic bundle)
      attenuated the ability of desipramine to reduce response rate, but did not alter
      its ability to increase reinforcement rate, but did not alter its ability to
      increase reinforcement rate. Brain dopamine depletion, (produced by i.c.v. 6
      hydroxydopamine administration after pargyline and desipramine pretreatment)
      attenuated the ability of desipramine to increase reinforcement rate. These
      results suggest that the sedative effect of desipramine could be mediated by its
      interaction with central norepinephrine neurons and that the reinforcement rate
      increasing effect may involve central dopamine neurons.

PMID- 6427447
TI  - Responses to leukotriene C4 in the perfused rat lung.
AB  - The isolated rat lung was used to study both the effect of leukotriene C4 on
      pulmonary perfusion pressure and the synthesis and release of cyclooxygenase
      products in the pulmonary circulation. A cell-free perfusate was passed only once
      through the pulmonary circulation or was recirculated. During single transit,
      leukotriene C4 produced dose-dependent increases in pulmonary perfusion pressure
      that were abolished by FPL-55712, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, but were not
      altered significantly by indomethacin. The duration of the pulmonary pressor
      response to leukotriene C4 was markedly prolonged during recirculation compared
      to single transit. Leukotriene C4 also induced dose-dependent increases in
      effluent levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 that were
      attenuated by indomethacin or FPL-55712 pretreatment. We conclude that
      leukotriene C4 directly constricts the pulmonary vasculature independent of
      cyclooxygenase products, is not rapidly degraded by the pulmonary circulation and
      stimulates the release of cyclooxygenase products in the pulmonary circulation
      that can be attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin or FPL-55712.

PMID- 6427448
TI  - Ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation in rats after thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone.
AB  - Ethanol-induced sedation in Sprague-Dawley rats was antagonized by
      intracisternally administered thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) at a dose as
      low as 1 microgram. Furthermore, when a dose of 25 micrograms or greater of TRH
      was combined with ethanol doses above 2 g/kg, the locomotor activity was
      significantly greater than observed for TRH alone. A dose-related increase in
      activity was observed when varying doses of ethanol were administered with a
      constant dose of TRH (100 micrograms). This increase in locomotion induced by the
      TRH-ethanol combination could not be attributed to a change in TRH concentration,
      ethanol distribution or to a pituitary action of TRH. Inasmuch as tert-butanol in
      combination with TRH produced the same effects as ethanol, the hyperactivity does
      not appear to be associated with acetaldehyde formation. TRH acid and His-Pro
      diketopiperazine, metabolites of TRH, did not produce hyperactivity when
      administered with ethanol, whereas MK-771, a TRH analog, produced a significant
      increase in locomotion in ethanol-treated rats greater than that for MK-771
      alone. Three lines of evidence suggested that the hyperactivity induced by the
      TRH-ethanol combination could not be attributed to an influence of ethanol on the
      stimulant effects of TRH. First, pentobarbital- and chlordiazepoxide-induced
      depression of locomotion was antagonized by TRH (100 micrograms) but, unlike
      ethanol, locomotor stimulation greater than that for TRH was not observed.
      Second, behavioral observations did not reveal ethanol altering any effects of
      TRH that would compete with locomotion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427449
TI  - Vasoconstrictor response induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine released from vascular
      adrenergic nerves by periarterial nerve stimulation.
AB  - The vasoconstrictor response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from vascular
      adrenergic nerves by periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS) was studied in the
      perfused mesenteric vascular bed isolated from the rat. PNS was delivered at 4 to
      16 Hz, 2 msec in pulse duration for 30 sec. After treatment with 5-HT (1 and 10
      microM) for 20 min, the pressor response to PNS, previously decreased by 80 to
      90% with phentolamine (0.1 microM), was greatly potentiated and a frequency
      dependent pressor response to PNS reappeared. However, the 5-HT treatment did not
      alter the pressor response to infusion of exogenous norepinephrine (0.5 and 1
      nmol) previously decreased by phentolamine. This potentiation did not occur in
      the presence of methysergide (0.1 microM), ketanserin (0.1 microM), tetrodotoxin
      (0.1 microM), guanethidine (5 microM) or in Ca++-free Krebs' solution. Also, in
      the preparation treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, 5-HT treatment had no effect on
      the abolished PNS response. Either cocaine (10 microM) or fluoxetine (10 microM)
      but not corticosterone (10 microM) prevented the potentiation when perfused
      together with 5-HT. In the mesenteric vascular bed prelabeled with [3H]-5-HT, PNS
      evoked a frequency-dependent increase of tritium efflux, which was abolished by
      treatment with tetrodotoxin guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine and in Ca++-free
      Krebs' solution. These results suggest that 5-HT is taken up by vascular
      adrenergic nerve endings in vitro and it is released by nerve stimulation,
      resulting in vasoconstriction. It is also suggested that 5-HT may contribute to
      the maintenance of local vascular tone through this mechanism in vivo.

PMID- 6427450
TI  - Effects of chemical sympathectomy on insulin receptors and insulin action in
      isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - Insulin receptors and effects of insulin on lipolysis, lipogenesis and glucose
      transport were investigated in fat cells obtained from rats chemically
      sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine. Four days after a single injection of 6
      hydroxydopamine (50 mg/kg), the norepinephrine content of the epididymal adipose
      tissue was reduced by 97.5%. The number of high-affinity insulin binding sites
      was increased moderately (16%). In parallel, the sensitivity to insulin of the
      isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis was increased as judged from insulin
      concentrations yielding half-maximal inhibition which were lower (40%) in the
      treated group. Glucose metabolism, however, was inhibited by chemical
      sympathectomy: the glucose transport rate was significantly reduced and fatty
      acid synthesis was nearly totally abolished. Insulin was still effective in
      stimulating both parameters but failed to restore normal levels. The results
      suggest that the sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue may exert an
      inhibitory effect on the number of high-affinity insulin receptors as well as on
      the sensitivity of the lipolysis to insulin, as both parameters were increased by
      sympathectomy. To explain the inhibitory effect of 6-hydroxydopamine treatment on
      glucose transport and fatty acid synthesis, a possible trophic effect of the
      sympathetic innervation is discussed as well as indirect mechanism counteracting
      the effects of the chemical sympathectomy.

PMID- 6427451
TI  - Connective tissue abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6427452
TI  - Defective repair of tryptophan pyrolysate (Trp P-1 and Trp P-2) and aflatoxin B1
      damage in xeroderma pigmentosum cells.

PMID- 6427453
TI  - Role of LH pulse amplitude in controlling rat ovarian oestradiol-17 beta
      secretion in vitro.
AB  - Ovaries from di-oestrous rats were removed and placed in perifusion culture: 4-6
      ovaries were cultured for 3 h with (1) no gonadotrophin; (2) tonic FSH (200
      ng/ml); (3) tonic LH (30 ng/ml); (4) tonic FSH and tonic LH; (5) tonic FSH and
      hourly pulses of 40 ng LH/ml; or (6) tonic FSH and hourly pulses of 50 ng LH/ml.
      The total amount of LH administered was 3060 ng LH, regardless of mode of
      delivery. Perifusate was collected every 10 min and assayed for oestradiol-17
      beta by RIA. The total amount of oestradiol-17 beta secreted was not altered by
      any treatment except when LH was administered in hourly pulses with an amplitude
      of 50 ng/ml; the total amount of oestradiol-17 beta secreted in 3 h was increased
      by 300% (P less than 0.05). Without gonadotrophic stimulation, oestradiol-17 beta
      was secreted at a constant rate (4.48 +/- 0.21 pg/mg 10 min-1). Tonic
      gonadotrophin stimulation did not alter this pattern. However, pulses of 50 ng
      LH/ml but not 40 ng LH/ml resulted in periodic increases in oestradiol-17 beta
      secretory rates. Thus, oestradiol-17 beta secretion is stimulated by LH pulses
      with the degree of stimulation dependent, in part, on the amplitude and/or the
      rate of change of the LH pulse.

PMID- 6427454
TI  - Pituitary gonadotrophins in Booroola and control Merino sheep.
AB  - Pituitary content of FSH and LH, using radioreceptor assay methods, was
      determined in control and Booroola Merino ewes on the 3rd day of the oestrous
      cycle and in adult rams slaughtered in winter. Significantly more pituitary FSH
      (as per gland or per g wet wt) was found in the Booroola than in the control ewe.
      No significant differences were found in LH content although the difference in
      FSH/LH ratio between Booroola and control ewes was significant (P less than
      0.001). Pituitary FSH content was similar in the rams of the two genotypes. A
      good correspondence between FSH values by the radioreceptor assay and by
      radioimmunoassays using anti-ovine and anti-human serum was observed for the
      Booroola ewes. However, radioimmunological estimates of FSH activity were
      significantly higher than radioreceptor estimates in control ewes and in Booroola
      and control rams in which the pituitary FSH values were 5-6% of that of the ewe.
      This over-estimation is attributed to differences in specificity between methods.
      Fractionation of pituitary extracts by electrofocussing indicated a similar pI
      profile of FSH for ewes and rams of both genotypes. It is concluded that
      quantitative rather than qualitative differences in pituitary FSH occur in
      Booroola and control Merino ewes. It is suggested that increased FSH levels
      contribute to the hormonal basis for the increased ovulation rate of the Booroola
      Merino.

PMID- 6427455
TI  - Effect of scrotal insulation on the pituitary-testicular axis of the ram.
AB  - The testes of rams were insulated for 28 days. After 28 days typical degenerative
      changes occurred in the tubular compartment of the testis. Spermatozoa,
      spermatids and, in many tubules, spermatocytes were absent. A pronounced
      dilatation of the testicular lymph vessels was noted, and a morphometric study
      indicated that the volume fraction occupied by Leydig cells was greater than in
      controls. A serial bleeding regimen showed that peripheral plasma concentrations
      of FSH were elevated and of testosterone were usually reduced after scrotal
      insulation. Although mean testosterone levels were unchanged after 7 days of
      treatment, there were more hormone episodes, each of significantly reduced
      amplitude. LH values were elevated at this time and there was an increase in the
      number and amplitude of LH episodes. After 14 days of scrotal insulation, mean
      and basal levels of testosterone were significantly reduced, and episodes of
      secretion were much smaller in amplitude. Mean LH values were elevated and each
      secretory episode was of significantly greater amplitude than in control blood.
      These results show that the testes of scrotally insulated rams are relatively
      insensitive to endogenous LH and that this treatment affects cells within the
      seminiferous tubule and those in the interstitial compartment.

PMID- 6427456
TI  - Relationship between pituitary responsiveness to Gn-RH and number of Gn-RH
      binding sites in pituitary glands of beef cows.
AB  - Changes in the ability of Gn-RH to induce gonadotrophin release with time after
      synchronization of oestrus was determined in 4 groups of 6 cows each. Cows were
      given Gn-RH at 40-min intervals for 6 h beginning at -24, 0, 18 or 36 h (time 0 =
      removal of progestagen implant). Changes in concentration (ng/ml) of serum LH
      after Gn-RH averaged 2.9, 6.2, 6.4 and 33.4, whereas serum FSH averaged 25.7,
      35.8, 35.8 and 97.3. Thus the responsiveness of the pituitary to Gn-RH had
      increased by 36 h after implant removal. Other groups of cows subjected to the
      same synchronization scheme were slaughtered at 0 h, 24 h or at various times
      after onset of oestrous behaviour. Gn-RH binding to crude pituitary membrane
      preparations was assessed. There was no apparent change in the affinity constant
      of Gn-RH-binding sites with time after synchronization. The number of Gn-RH
      binding sites remained unchanged until the period of oestrus when a significant
      decline with time was detected. We conclude that the increase in pituitary
      responsiveness to Gn-RH that occurs before the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge
      was not directly associated with changes in number or affinity of pituitary Gn-RH
      binding sites in crude pituitary membrane preparations.

PMID- 6427457
TI  - Effect of ovarian sympathectomy on follicular development during compensatory
      ovarian hypertrophy in the guinea-pig.
AB  - Selective ovarian sympathectomy was achieved by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into
      a surgically closed periovarian bursa on Day 3 of the oestrous cycle (Day 1 = day
      of oestrus). Control ovaries had the periovarian bursa surgically closed and were
      injected with solvent. On Day 15 of the cycle, serum was collected for
      progesterone determination and ovaries were processed for morphometric analysis
      of follicles. In both control and sympathectomized ovaries remaining after
      unilateral ovariectomy on Day 3, there was an increase in ovarian weight and an
      increase in healthy preovulatory follicles (greater than 700 microns diam.).
      Sympathectomy of the ovary remaining after unilateral ovariectomy increased
      healthy follicles 510-700 microns diameter but decreased the total number of
      follicles per ovary. In animals bearing both ovaries, unilateral sympathectomy
      did not affect any of the characteristics measured. Serum progesterone
      concentrations were unaffected by any of the treatments. These results indicate
      that adrenergic nerves play a role in follicular dynamics in ovaries undergoing
      compensatory hypertrophy but are not necessary for compensatory increases in
      weight and number of preovulatory follicles.

PMID- 6427458
TI  - The resistance of the mouse uterine lumen to flushing and possible contamination
      of samples by plasma and interstitial fluid.
AB  - The hydrostatic pressures generated during controlled flushing of the mouse
      uterus increased at implantation and under conditions of uterine closure. These
      pressures may be responsible for inducing tissue damage during flushing. The
      possibility that samples collected by flushing might be contaminated with
      interstitial fluid or plasma was studied using intravenously administered 51Cr
      labelled EDTA and 125I-labelled human serum albumin as markers. The presence of
      both tracers was detected in all flushings and was greatest in flushings from
      uteri with luminal closure and early implantation sites. These observations raise
      serious doubts about the validity of the flushing technique for analysing uterine
      luminal constituents in mice.

PMID- 6427459
TI  - Macroscopic and histologic tissue reaction to polydioxanone, a new, synthetic,
      monofilament microsuture.
AB  - A major contributing factor to failure in reconstructive tubal surgery is
      adhesion formation. It can be due to the presence of a foreign body primarily
      represented by suture material. A new, synthetic, absorbable suture material,
      Polydioxanone (PDS), was compared to polyglactin -910 (Vicryl). Microsurgical
      anastomosis of the bicornuate rat uterus served as a model. The right horn was
      anastomosed with 6-0 or 8-0 PDS and the left horn with Vicryl of the same
      diameter. At 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after the procedure three to four animals
      were killed and the histologic reaction estimated and compared between the two
      horns. At 60 days the remaining animals were killed, and adhesion formation
      around the anastomosis site was recorded. PDS was found to be histologically more
      inert than Vicryl and was associated with a less intense acute and chronic
      inflammatory response than Vicryl. Similarly, macroscopic examination showed that
      the adhesion formation was quantitatively reduced in the PDS-treated horns, and
      most of those adhesions were avascular. The high inertness and absorbability
      suggest a practical application of PDS in infertility surgery.

PMID- 6427460
TI  - Prostaglandin synthase inhibitory activity in plasma of women with dysmenorrhea.
AB  - Prostaglandins have been implicated in the etiology of dysmenorrhea, and plasma
      levels of prostaglandin F metabolite are increased in women during dysmenorrhea
      episodes. We determined the prostaglandin synthase inhibitory activity of plasma
      obtained from the blood of women who experience moderate to severe dysmenorrhea.
      Blood was obtained at the onset of dysmenorrhea ("symptomatic") and during the
      late follicular phase of the ovarian cycle ("asymptomatic"). Prostaglandin
      synthase inhibitory activity in all samples was comparable to that previously
      found in adult women, and we found no difference in activity between the paired
      plasma samples, those obtained during symptomatic and asymptomatic times. Protein
      denaturation of the plasma by boiling also did not produce differences in
      prostaglandin synthase inhibition.

PMID- 6427461
TI  - Elevations in synovial fluid plasminogen activator in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Plasminogen activator (PA) activity in synovial fluid (SF) obtained from patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is elevated when compared to SF obtained from
      patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Immunological studies and lack of evidence for
      a decrease in PA inhibitors, or an increase in PA stimulators, suggest that
      elevations in RA SF PA activity reflect increases in PA level. Although the
      origin(s) of SF PA was not identified, the enzyme resembles urokinase and RA
      synovium may be a contributing source. These observations are consistent with a
      possible active role of PA in the pathogenesis of RA.

PMID- 6427462
TI  - Circulating thiomalate after administration of disodium aurothiomalate: impurity
      or active metabolite?
AB  - During studies of the metabolism of disodium aurothiomalate in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis we have found that its pharmaceutical preparation.
      Myocrisin, contains 4 to 8% of free thiomalate. To establish whether the free
      thiomalate previously reported in plasma and urine of patients receiving
      Myocrisin is a true metabolite or results from this impurity, we prepared
      aurothiomalate containing 0.1% thiomalate. Intramuscular injection of the
      purified drug to 2 healthy subjects produced easily detectable levels of
      thiomalate in both plasma and urine; 7.7 and 9.8% respectively of the doses given
      were recovered in urine as free thomalate within 4 h. Thus, dissociation of
      disodium aurothiomalate does occur in vivo, releasing both gold and free
      thiomalate as potentially active forms.

PMID- 6427463
TI  - Stroke-like syndrome after gold sodium thiomalate induced vasomotor reaction.
AB  - Vasomotor reactions after gold sodium thiomalate are well recognized. When they
      do occur they are rarely a clinical problem. We describe a 50-year-old woman with
      rheumatoid arthritis in whom a severe postinjection vasomotor reaction was
      associated with a cerebral vascular accident.

PMID- 6427464
TI  - The forgotten people: survey of the chronic younger sick in Welsh hospitals.
AB  - In a survey of Welsh hospitals, 96 patients were identified who had been
      continuously resident for between 4 months and 20 years; they were aged between
      15 and 65 years on admission. The commonest causes for such admissions were
      cerebrovascular accidents, trauma and diabetes. Suitable facilities for the long
      term care and rehabilitation of such severely disabled young people are very
      limited in Wales, and in an era when rehabilitation should be possible they have
      been forgotten.

PMID- 6427465
TI  - Achalasia in Anderson-Fabry's disease.

PMID- 6427466
TI  - Absence of bactericidal antibodies against Group-I lipopolysaccharide
      determinants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae during human infection.
AB  - None of 34 sera from patients with gonorrhoea contained antibodies bactericidal
      for strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Group-I lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All
      contained antibodies against a strain with Group-II LPS, as do sera from
      uninfected controls. The absence of Group I-LPS antibodies in infected humans
      contrasts with previous findings that mice immunised with strains from either of
      the LPS groups produced bactericidal antibody to Group I. Our hope that detection
      of antibodies to Group-I strains would provide a screening test for gonorrhoea
      was, therefore, not realised.

PMID- 6427467
TI  - Relationship between bactericidal and phagocytic activities of peritoneal
      macrophages induced by irritants.
AB  - Cellular accumulation to the peritoneal cavity and modification of various
      functions of peritoneal macrophages were observed in mice injected
      intraperitoneally (ip) with thioglycollate medium (TG), liquid paraffin, proteose
      peptone and Corynebacterium parvum. The cellular composition of peritoneal
      exudates at 4 days after injection of irritants was almost the same in all the
      groups and the proportion of macrophages was increased approximately 4 times more
      than nontreated controls. The ability to kill Listeria monocytogenes and to
      generate chemiluminescence (CL) were augmented strongly in C. parvum-induced
      macrophages, while depressed in TG-induced macrophages. The activities of liquid
      paraffin- or proteose peptone-induced macrophages were almost the same as those
      in nontreated controls. However, the ability to phagocytose native sheep
      erythrocytes was greatly augmented both in C. parvum- and TG-induced macrophages.
      There is thus a discrepancy between bactericidal activity and phagocytic activity
      among macrophages induced with various irritants.

PMID- 6427468
TI  - Soluble factor(s) released by Concanavalin A activated lymph node lymphocytes
      induce proliferation and maturation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - An active supernatant (Ly Con A) was prepared by stimulating the normal human
      lymph node lymphocytes with Concanavalin A (Con A). Peripheral blood lymphocytes
      (PBL) from 3 healthy subjects and from 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the presence of Con A and Ly Con A. The latter
      induced a significant DNA synthesis both in normal and CLL lymphocytes. A
      proliferative response was still present in CLL after T lymphocytes depletion.
      The Con A and Ly Con A treatment also induced morphological changes in CLL
      lymphocytes consistent with plasma cell differentiation. In 3 cases the
      appearance of cytoplasmic light chains was detected by immunofluorescence. These
      findings suggest that peripheral blood B lymphocytes from CLL patients can be
      stimulated to maturation when helper factor(s) released by mitogen activated
      lymph node lymphocytes are provided.

PMID- 6427469
TI  - Volume-induced increase of K+ and Cl- permeabilities in Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells. Role of internal Ca2+.
AB  - Ehrlich ascites tumor cells resuspended in hypotonic medium initially swell as
      nearly perfect osmometers , but subsequently recover their volume within 5 to 10
      min with an associated KCl loss. 1. The regulatory volume decrease was unaffected
      when nitrate was substituted for Cl-, and was insensitive to bumetanide and DIDS.
      2. Quinine, an inhibitor of the Ca2+- activated K+ pathway, blocked the volume
      recovery. 3. The hypotonic response was augmented by addition of the Ca2+
      ionophore A23187 in the presence of external Ca2+, and also by a sudden increase
      in external Ca2+. The volume response was accelerated at alkaline pH. 4. The anti
      calmodulin drugs trifluoperazine, pimozide, flupentixol, and chlorpromazine
      blocked the volume response. 5. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores inhibited
      the regulatory volume decrease. 6. Consistent with the low conductive Cl-
      permeability of the cell membrane there was no change in cell volume or Cl-
      content when the K+ permeability was increased with valinomycin in isotonic
      medium. In contrast, addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 in isotonic medium
      promoted Cl- loss and cell shrinkage. During regulatory volume decrease
      valinomycin accelerated the net loss of KCl, indicating that the conductive Cl-
      permeability was increased in parallel with and even more than the K+
      permeability. It is proposed that separate conductive K+ and Cl- channels are
      activated during regulatory volume decrease by release of Ca2+ from internal
      stores, and that the effect is mediated by calmodulin.

PMID- 6427470
TI  - Intrahelical hydrogen bonding of serine, threonine and cysteine residues within
      alpha-helices and its relevance to membrane-bound proteins.
AB  - A survey of known protein structures reveals that approximately 70% of serine
      residues and at least 85% (potentially 100%) of threonine residues in helices
      make hydrogen bonds to carbonyl oxygen atoms in the preceding turn of the helix.
      The high frequency of intrahelical hydrogen bonding is of particular significance
      for intrinsic membrane-bound proteins that form transmembrane helices. Hydrogen
      bonding within a helix provides a way for serine, threonine and cysteine residues
      to satisfy their hydrogen-bonding potential permitting such residues to occur in
      helices buried within a hydrophobic milieu.

PMID- 6427471
TI  - Preliminary X-ray diffraction study of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Crystals from the dimeric enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of the
      photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have been obtained from the gene
      product expressed in Escherichia coli. The crystals are of the quarternary
      complex comprising enzyme: activator CO2 (as a carbamate): Mg2+: 2-
      carboxyarabinitol -1,5-bisphosphate (as a transition state analog). X-ray
      diffraction photographs show symmetry consistent with space group P4(1)2(1)2 or
      the corresponding enantiomorphic space group. Cell parameters are a = b = 82 A, c
      = 324 A with two subunits per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to at least
      3 A resolution.

PMID- 6427472
TI  - Identification of the Escherichia coli cya gene product as authentic adenylate
      cyclase.
AB  - The Escherichia coli cya gene has been fused in the same register with the lacZ
      gene. The corresponding hybrid cya-lacZ gene is expressed as a bifunctional
      protein that exhibits both adenylate cyclase and beta-galactosidase activities,
      thus proving that cya is the structural gene for adenylate cyclase. The hybrid
      protein was purified to homogeneity and has been used to raise antibodies that
      recognize wild-type adenylate cyclase. Finally, the protein has been submitted to
      amino acid sequence analysis. It has been found that the first ten amino acids
      fit the predicted sequence obtained from DNA sequence analysis, thus
      substantiating the prediction that the cya translation initiation codon is UUG .

PMID- 6427473
TI  - The organization of actin filaments in human placental villi.
AB  - The surface of the syncytial trophoblast of the human placenta is covered by a
      microvillous (brush) border that is in direct contact with maternal blood.
      Because of this location, it is the site of a variety of transport, enzymatic and
      receptor activities vital to many placental functions. The organization of the
      brush border as well as other features of placental villus organization may well
      be influenced by the distribution of cytoplasmic actin filaments. In order to
      determine the distribution of actin filaments in human placenta, small pieces of
      villi were briefly fixed in glutaraldehyde, permeabilized with saponin, and
      incubated in solutions containing subfragment 1 of myosin (S1). After S1
      decoration of actin filaments, tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde containing
      tannic acid in order to better visualize the polarity of the filaments, and
      prepared for electron microscopic examination. The microvilli each contained a
      core of actin filaments running from the tip of the microvillus to the apical
      cytoplasm. Most of the actin filaments displayed a distinct polarity, with the S1
      arrowheads pointing away from the microvillar tips. These filaments extended only
      a short distance into the apical cytoplasm. There appeared to be another group of
      actin filaments in a matlike arrangement in the apical cytoplasm. Coated pits and
      vesicles were often observed between the microvilli. There appeared to be no
      clear association between the coated pits and decorated actin filaments, but this
      was difficult to establish with certainty because of the close proximity of the
      microvilli. Bundles of actin filaments were sometimes observed near the basal
      cell surface of the syncytial trophoblast, and in pericytes and capillary
      endothelial cells in the cores of the villi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427474
TI  - Bacteriophage phi 29 proteins required for in vitro DNA-gp3 packaging.
AB  - In vitro assembly of bacteriophage phi 29 in crude extracts involves efficient
      packaging of a DNA-protein complex (DNA- gp3 ) into a prohead with the aid of the
      gene 16 product ( gp16 ) and subsequent assembly of neck and tail proteins (
      Bjornsti et al., J. Virol. 41:508-517, 1982; Bjornsti et al., J. Virol. 45:383
      396, 1983; Bjornsti et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:5861-5865, 1981). To
      define the viral proteins required for the DNA- gp3 encapsidation phase, we
      purified biologically active proheads and DNA- gp3 and constructed a chimeric
      plasmid, pUM101 , which contained and expressed gene 16 of phi 29 and no other
      viral genes. The plasmid-specified gp16 was both necessary and sufficient to
      package 24% of the DNA- gp3 added to the purified proheads , and the DNA-filled
      heads so produced were efficiently complemented to infectious phage by the
      addition of neck and tail proteins. Purified proheads and DNA- gp3 gave linear
      dose-response curves with slopes of approximately 1; in contrast, a 4-fold
      dilution of gp16 resulted in a 1,000-fold reduction of phi 29, suggesting a
      requirement for multiple copies of this protein.

PMID- 6427475
TI  - Role of calcium in gamma interferon induction: inhibition by calcium entry
      blockers.
AB  - Mitogen-induced gamma interferon production by human lymphoid cell cultures was
      studied in the presence of calcium entry blockers. A dose-dependent inhibition
      was found in the presence of drug concentrations down to 10(-5) M. This finding
      shows that calcium flow through lymphocyte membranes after oxidation of membrane
      bound galactose residues is also critical for triggering interferon production.

PMID- 6427476
TI  - Chemotherapy by bronchial arterial infusion for pulmonary metastases of renal
      cell carcinoma.
AB  - Bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases of renal cell carcinoma were treated by
      repeated bronchial arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as mitomycin
      C, carboquone, doxorubicin and nitrosourea. Of 12 patients treated 2 had a
      complete response, 3 had a partial response, 2 had no change and 5 had
      progression of the disease. The over-all response rate was 42 per cent. Since
      metastatic renal cell carcinoma is unresponsive to ordinary treatment bronchial
      arterial infusion alone or in combination with an operation appears promising.

PMID- 6427477
TI  - A comparison of a powerful luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue agonist
      and estrogen in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists presently are being evaluated in
      the treatment of patients with metastatic prostatic cancer. To determine the
      comparative benefits of a specific luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist
      [6-leu (1-9) luteinizing hormone releasing hormone nonapeptide ethylamide]
      relative to conventional estrogen therapy 23 patients with stage D2 prostatic
      cancer were randomized to receive either 1 mg. luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone agonist daily (12) or 3 mg. diethylstilbestrol per day (11). Both agents
      were effective in inducing a remission in all patients, although
      diethylstilbestrol was slightly faster. The early phase of treatment with the
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist was dominated by a transient
      reversible deterioration (the flare) of the patient, which was believed to be
      related to the agonist-induced increase in serum androgens. At 1 year of followup
      adverse effects in both groups have been minor but the proportion of patients
      with progression in the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist group (6 of
      12) was significantly higher than that in the diethylstilbestrol group (0 of 11).
      Further investigation is required to determine the role of luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic
      cancer.

PMID- 6427478
TI  - Androgen suppression by a gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue in patients
      with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Leuprolide is a new, potent analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone, which
      lowers serum gonadotropins and testosterone with chronic administration. Thirty
      patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate have undergone primary
      endocrine treatment with leuprolide. Subjective and objective response rates
      appear to be equal to alternative endocrine therapy, although the mean response
      duration has not been defined to date. Since castration and the side effects of
      oral estrogens are avoided leuprolide may prove to be the preferred initial
      hormonal therapy for selected patients with metastatic prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6427479
TI  - Immediate postoperative feeding in urological surgery.
AB  - The value of immediate postoperative enteral hyperalimentation with an elemental
      diet (high nitrogen Vivonex, full strength) at 125 cc per hour for 4 days was
      assessed in patients after radical urological surgery. Of 32 patients studied 21
      received an elemental diet using a Vivonex Moss tube, which is a 3-lumen tube
      with esophagogastric decompression and simultaneous duodenal feeding, and the
      remaining 11 had a nasogastric tube only without nutritional support. We have
      used a selected group of parameters, including serum albumin, serum transferrin,
      creatinine height index, weight loss, total lymphocyte count, nitrogen balance
      and plasma fibronectin. All patients in the Moss tube group approached or
      achieved positive nitrogen balance by 4 days postoperatively, whereas the
      nasogastric tube group remained in negative nitrogen balance. Postoperative
      paralytic ileus was prevented in the majority of patients in the Moss tube group
      while receiving full nutritional support. We have found that the use of the Moss
      tube is a reasonable approach for postoperative alimentation. The tube is
      relatively easy to insert and well tolerated, and its use is a less expensive
      alternative to parenteral hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6427480
TI  - Spontaneously acquired anti-factor VIII antibodies: report of a patient with
      adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Anti-factor VIII antibodies, inherited or acquired inhibitors of the factor VIII
      molecule, have not been reported previously in the urological literature.
      Although more common in hemophiliac patients who have received multiple
      transfusions, this anticoagulant may be the cause of severe hemorrhage in
      nonhemophiliac patients. We describe a patient with carcinoma of the prostate and
      an unsuspected anti-factor VIII antibody, who experienced excessive postoperative
      bleeding and prolonged hospitalization following a vesicolithotomy and bilateral
      orchiectomy. A prolonged partial thromboplastin time and a significant decrease
      in measurable factor VIII clotting activity in a patient with no history of
      bleeding problems are essential clues in making the diagnosis of a factor VIII
      inhibitor. This coagulation defect is treated best with prothrombin complex
      concentrates, which contain vitamin K dependent clotting factors.

PMID- 6427481
TI  - Eosinophilic cystitis in children: a self-limited process.
AB  - We report a case of eosinophilic cystitis in a 7-year-old boy. Bilateral
      hydronephrosis and a lesion involving most of the bladder were seen initially.
      Complete resolution of all symptoms occurred within 3 weeks and the x-ray
      findings returned to normal in 6 weeks without specific therapy. A review of all
      reported cases of eosinophilic cystitis in children suggests that, unlike in
      adults, the disease is self-limited.

PMID- 6427482
TI  - The ultrastructure of acute pyelonephritis in the monkey.
AB  - P-fimbriated E. coli, which have specific receptors on urothelial cells for their
      fimbriae, were used to produce pyelonephritis. Using both scanning and electron
      microscopy, it was shown that the bacteria attached to ureteral epithelium by 12
      hours after inoculation. They developed into a biolayer of bacteria covering the
      epithelium by 48 hours, but did not invade within that time. In the kidney,
      adherence was seen by 6 hours in collecting proximal and distal tubules. While
      many bacteria were seen, tubular epithelium remained normal through 24 hours. The
      inflammatory response was first seen at 48 hours. Phagocytosis was accompanied by
      mortal damage to both phagocytes and surrounding tubules. This was followed by
      bacterial invasion of the interstitium.

PMID- 6427483
TI  - Long-term mitomycin C instillation after transurethral resection of superficial
      bladder carcinoma: influence on recurrence, progression and survival.
AB  - In a prospective controlled study the influence of long-term mitomycin C
      instillation therapy on tumor recurrence, progression and patient survival after
      transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors was evaluated. This report
      is an update of a randomized controlled study that was stopped 1.5 years ago. The
      results show that long-term mitomycin C instillation therapy improves recurrence
      rate, progression rate and survival in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

PMID- 6427484
TI  - Studies of mitomycin C absorption after intravesical treatment of superficial
      bladder tumors.
AB  - Mitomycin C is an active drug in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
      Although clinical safety of intravesical mitomycin C has been well accepted there
      are no data on absorption of this drug from the bladder in patients with damaged
      bladder mucosa. We studied 18 patients for evidence of absorption of mitomycin C
      after transurethral resection and/or radiation therapy. Mitomycin C is absorbed
      on intravesical instillation and the degree of absorption depends on the degree
      of damage to the bladder. Despite some evidence of absorption no systemic effect
      on bone marrow was observed and no evidence of deoxyribonucleic acid damage was
      found in any of these patients. Mitomycin C appears to be a safe drug but further
      studies are indicated to document its safety when used for maintenance therapy.

PMID- 6427485
TI  - Endocrine dysfunction in impotence: incidence, significance and cost-effective
      screening.
AB  - A comprehensive evaluation of impotence includes assessment of the functional
      integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, little is known
      about the incidence or significance of hormonal abnormalities in an unselected
      group of men with erectile failure. A systematic multidisciplinary,
      multidimensional assessment of 256 impotent men showed clearly an organic
      etiology in 35.9 per cent, psychogenic in 38.3 per cent and mixed or uncertain in
      25.8 per cent. The incidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities
      in the entire group was 17.5 per cent but in only 12.1 per cent did they
      contribute clearly to erectile dysfunction. A cost-effective screening of the
      endocrine system in impotent men includes a thorough history and physical
      examination, and a serum testosterone determination. More sophisticated and
      expensive investigations should be reserved for patients with a history of drug
      use known to induce hormonal abnormalities or with somatic evidence of
      hypogonadism and a depressed serum testosterone level.

PMID- 6427486
TI  - Dipstick chemical urinalysis: an accurate cost-effective screening test.
AB  - In a double-blind prospective study of 200 sequential urine specimens the
      sediment count of leukocytes in the centrifuged urine (white blood cells per high
      power field) was compared to a chamber count of leukocytes in uncentrifuged urine
      (white blood cells per microliter.). There was good correlation (coefficient of
      correlation 0.783, sensitivity 91.9 per cent, specificity 97.6 per cent and
      efficiency 96.6 per cent) between the more precise chamber count and the more
      commonly performed sediment count if the methodology of the sediment count was
      standardized. In a double-blind prospective study the results of the sediment
      count for leukocytes and erythrocytes were compared to the leukocyte esterase and
      hemoglobin dipstick results of urine specimens from 1,346 adults who underwent
      multiphasic screening. The dipsticks were found to be sensitive to physiologic
      limits for leukocytes and erythrocytes, with only 0.9 per cent false negative
      results for each. Formed elements in the urine not detectable by dipstick, such
      as casts and crystals, were present in 3 per cent of the specimens. Among
      patients who had significant pyuria, hematuria or formed elements not detectable
      by dipstick chemical urinalysis, no significant pathological condition was
      detected upon retrospective review. Because the chemical dipstick is not
      quantitative and because the sensitivity of the dipsticks resulted in many false
      positive findings compared to the sediment count (red and white blood cells 16.4
      and 13.2 per cent, respectively) a protocol is offered in which results of
      screening urine specimens that are positive on dipstick culture would be
      confirmed by a properly performed microscopic urinalysis. This protocol as
      applied to an adult screening population would be an accurate, cost-effective
      method of urine testing.

PMID- 6427487
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy detects bacteria within infection stones.
AB  - The viability and location of bacteria within infection stones were investigated.
      Many stones were infected with urea-splitting bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis
      and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Large numbers of bacterial impressions and bodies
      were found in the interstices surrounded by crystals of apatite and struvite from
      the nuclei to the peripheral layers. The presence of bacterial colonies even in
      the nuclear portion of the stones suggests that bacteria participate in the
      initial stone formation as well as in growth of infection stones. Streptococcus
      faecalis, a nonurea -splitting bacteria, also was found in some infection stones
      and probably represents a superimposed infection as a result of changes in
      bacterial flora owing to treatment with antibiotics.

PMID- 6427488
TI  - Superficial bladder cancer: comments on evaluation and management.

PMID- 6427489
TI  - Pertussis and pertussis vaccine. Reanalysis of benefits, risks, and costs.
AB  - Using recently published information, we examined the experience of a
      hypothetical cohort of 1 million children followed up from birth to 6 years of
      age without and with a pertussis vaccination program. Costs associated with death
      or lost wages were not estimated. A vaccination program reaching 90% of children
      would reduce disease incidence and disease-related costs by 90%. Taking into
      account costs associated with vaccine and vaccine reactions, the costs are
      reduced 82%. The ratio of overall costs without a program to those with a program
      is 5.7:1. The benefit-cost ratio is 11.1:1. Because we did not include indirect
      costs, this is a conservative estimate. Until improved vaccines are available,
      continued use of our present vaccines, with careful attention to possible
      contraindications, seems the only prudent course to follow.

PMID- 6427490
TI  - Cochlear prosthesis implantation: review of the issues.

PMID- 6427491
TI  - Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6427492
TI  - A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative approaches for long-term treatment
      of proximal venous thrombosis.
AB  - Recent data from randomized trials have provided a clear understanding of the
      effectiveness and safety of differing long-term anticoagulant therapies for
      proximal vein thrombosis. An issue that has not been addressed is their cost
      effectiveness. We have performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to rank
      alternative approaches for long-term therapy. Less intense oral anticoagulant
      therapy using warfarin sodium is the most cost-effective approach and is
      preferred in the majority of patients.

PMID- 6427493
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an
      adolescent population.
AB  - We compared a modified procedure of Gonozyme , an enzyme immunoassay for
      detection of gonococcal antigen in urogenital specimens, with bacterial culture
      for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a hospital-based adolescent clinic. In 839 patients
      studied, prevalence of urogenital gonorrhea by culture was 14.3%. The sensitivity
      of the immunoassay was 90.0%, and the specificity was 98.1%; predictive values
      for a positive and a negative test result were 88.5% and 98.3%, respectively.
      Gonozyme was highly accurate in 57 males studied; sensitivity, specificity, and
      predictive values were 100%. In 782 females, sensitivity was 87.5%, specificity
      was 98.0%, positive predictive value was 85.7%, and negative predictive value was
      98.2%. Patients with false-negative immunoassay results had lower colony counts
      on culture. Gonozyme is an acceptable substitute for culture in males and in
      females with intermediate or high prevalence of gonorrhea. Results can be
      available within three hours.

PMID- 6427494
TI  - [Differentiation between Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. gasseri].

PMID- 6427495
TI  - [Non-venereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis revealed as phlebitis by
      positive factor VIII-related antigen].

PMID- 6427496
TI  - [Basic studies on diagnosis of bone marrow diseases using NMR].

PMID- 6427497
TI  - Chronic respiratory failure with regard to the clinical and pathophysiological
      significance of acute exacerbation.

PMID- 6427498
TI  - The pulmonary gas exchange during the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory
      failure.

PMID- 6427499
TI  - Open-loop analysis of PaCO2 oscillation in the dog.
AB  - Venous CO2 loading and/or unloading using an artificial lung was performed on
      dogs to evaluate whether changes in the rate of carbon dioxide output (VCO2) can
      be involved in the control of respiration. As the signal providing VCO2
      information, small fluctuations in arterial PCO2 (delta PaCO2) which synchronized
      with the respiratory cycle were estimated from both the mean PaCO2 and the
      fluctuations in arterial pH (delta pH) measured with a catheter tip ISFET (ion
      sensitive field-effect transistor) pH sensor inserted in the common carotid
      artery. The open-loop method was used to analyze the effects of various
      respiratory parameters such as VCO2, tidal volume, and respiratory frequency on
      the changes in delta pH and delta PaCO2. Findings are: (1) delta PaCO2 was
      linearly proportional to VCO2 while the correlation between delta pH and VCO2 was
      less linear, (2) magnitude of delta pH was dependent on the changes in tidal
      volume while delta PaCO2 was not, (3) both the amplitude and the positive slope
      of PaCO2 oscillation were functions of respiratory frequency. These results
      suggest the possibility that if VCO2 itself takes part in the control of
      ventilation, it will be CO2 oscillation which links ventilation with VCO2.

PMID- 6427500
TI  - Some interrelated properties of A and B form monoamine oxidase in monkey brain
      mitochondria.
AB  - The multiplicity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in monkey brain was studied by
      comparing the relationship between the selective substrates of MAO and the pH
      activity curves obtained using these substrates. When mitochondrial and A-form
      MAO were used as the enzyme preparations with serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine
      (NE), preferential substrates for A-form MAO, the pH optima were 8.8 and 7.8 with
      5-HT and 8.5 and 7.2 with NE. These substrates were also oxidized by B-form MAO
      after changing the pH of the incubation medium (shift to alkaline); these pH
      optima were 9.0 and 8.2, respectively. When common substrates of MAO were used
      (tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and tryptamine), the pH activity curves obtained
      were all broad and bell-shaped with pH optima for the 3 species of enzyme
      (mitochondria, A-form and B-form MAO) at 8.0, 7.8, and 8.0 with tyramine; 8.3,
      7.5, and 8.5 with octopamine; 7.8, 7.5, and 8.5 with dopamine; and 8.0, 8.3, and
      6.9 with tryptamine, respectively. The pH optima were 6.6 with beta
      phenylethylamine (beta-PEA) and 9.0 with benzylamine, preferential substrates for
      B-form MAO, for either mitochondria or B-form MAO. The Km values obtained for
      tryptamine and beta-PEA were lower than those for the other substrates of MAO,
      regardless of the enzyme preparations. The Km and Vmax values of both forms MAO
      for 5-HT and NE were similar to those of the A-form MAO. The differences in the
      Km and Vmax values of the A-form MAO and B-form MAO for common substrates were
      comparable. Tyramine, octopamine and dopamine were substrates for both forms MAO,
      with only a slight preference for B-form MAO over A-form MAO. However, tryptamine
      may be deaminated predominantly by A-form MAO.

PMID- 6427501
TI  - [3 cases of lung cancer in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6427502
TI  - [Human urinary trypsin inhibitor. I. Purification and physicochemical properties
      of human urinary trypsin inhibitor].

PMID- 6427503
TI  - Effect of varying photoperiods on mammary morphology, DNA synthesis, and hormone
      profile in female rats.
AB  - A clear positive correlation between circulating levels of prolactin (Prl) and
      morphologic development as well as DNA synthetic index in the mammary gland was
      established in young virgin Holtzman rats exposed to constant light from birth.
      The observed elevated level of circulating Prl by virtue of its morphogenic and
      mitogenic properties induced changes in mammary epithelium [numerous actively
      differentiating terminal end buds into alveolar buds (AB)] highly susceptible for
      the action of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [(DMBA) CAS: 57-97-6]. Conversely,
      substitution treatment with melatonin in such a model caused a significant
      decrease in both Prl and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) levels as well as in the
      morphologic and DNA synthetic pattern of the mammary gland. Administration of 2
      bromo-alpha- ergocryptin in these animals caused a significant decrease in the
      plasma level of Prl (without affecting the level of E2) and a decrease in the
      density of AB and in DNA synthesis. These changes impaired the mammary gland
      responsiveness to DMBA as seen from the significant decrease in the incidence of
      mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 6427504
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of mycobacterial lipase inhibitor from culture
      filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv].

PMID- 6427505
TI  - [Health cre expenses and hospitals for the aged].

PMID- 6427506
TI  - [Contrast echocardiography].

PMID- 6427507
TI  - [Changes in enzyme activity in extra-infarct portions of the myocardium after
      administration of nitroglycerin].
AB  - Nitroglycerin administration to rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction
      induced in extrainfarctional areas of the cardiac muscle the activity of
      dehydrogenases of succinate, lactate, glucoso-6- phospate , glutamate, beta
      hydroxybutyrate and nonspecific esterase. This suggests the intensification of
      the redox reactions in Crebs ' cycle, the increased utilization of fatty acids by
      cardiomyocytes to meet energy requirements, a decreased degree of acidosis in
      these myocardial sites and the intensification of glucose direct oxidation and
      nitrogen metabolism normalization. The beneficial influence of nitroglycerin on
      many metabolic processes in the intact myocardial areas during the local
      impairment of the coronary blood flow may account for the improvement of left
      ventricular contractility observed in myocardial infarction following the
      administration of this drug.

PMID- 6427508
TI  - Parenteral aluminum administration in the dog: I. Plasma kinetics, tissue levels,
      calcium metabolism, and parathyroid hormone.
AB  - Aluminum (Al) may cause both osteomalacia and encephalopathy in dialysis
      patients. Little is known about the biology of Al. This study examined the
      initial distribution kinetics of Al and its biological effects after injections
      of 1 mg/kg/day into dogs for 3 to 5 weeks. Following one intravenous dose, the
      plasma half-life (x +/- SE) was 276 +/- 51.8 min, with an apparent volume of
      distribution of 1.30 +/- 0.17 liters or 5.90 +/- 0.30% body wt; 10 to 21% of
      administered Al was excreted in the urine over 150 min, and the renal
      contribution to plasma clearance of Al correlated with GFR (r = 0.77, P less than
      0.05). The total plasma clearance of Al (4.43 +/- 2.83 ml/min) exceeded the renal
      contribution to plasma clearance (1.94 +/- 0.36 ml/min) in each dog, and in only
      two instances did the renal contribution reach 50% of total plasma clearance.
      Serum calcium rose from 9.4 +/- 0.2 to 11.1 +/- 0.3 mg/dl and immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone (iPTH) fell by 27 +/- 4% following one Al injection. With
      repeated Al injections, serum calcium increased from baseline levels of 10.2 +/-
      0.07 mg/dl to 11.1 +/- 0.22 and 11.3 +/- 0.46 mg/dl after 1 and 2 weeks,
      respectively. Renal function declined in all dogs, and serum creatinine exceeded
      3.5 mg/dl in four; over the 5 weeks of study, serum calcium correlated with serum
      creatinine (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001). Liver, kidney, and spleen showed the
      highest tissue content of Al, and there was substantial uptake by bone; the
      parathyroid content of Al was modest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427509
TI  - [Viral hepatitis--recent advances in serodiagnosis and prevention].

PMID- 6427510
TI  - [Use of veins from the human umbilical cord in vascular surgery (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6427511
TI  - [The health status of our children. Timely intervention is needed in disorders
      and peculiarities].

PMID- 6427512
TI  - [Health of the children of transients].

PMID- 6427513
TI  - [French fries and cola--everyday fare of our children?].

PMID- 6427514
TI  - [History of psychiatry. Relationship with psychiatric patients--yesterday and
      today].

PMID- 6427515
TI  - [Should instructors teach the subject sociology themselves?].

PMID- 6427516
TI  - [Why children should still be vaccinated today. Pediatricians warn against
      vaccination apathy].

PMID- 6427517
TI  - [As development assistant in leprosy care in Togo/West Africa].

PMID- 6427518
TI  - [Breast feeding, the best start for our children].

PMID- 6427519
TI  - A face mask for estimation of whole body leucine turnover in unanesthetized
      beagle dogs.
AB  - As part of a long-term study of protein and energy metabolism in Beagle dogs, a
      latex face mask was developed to facilitate respiratory gas collection. The mask
      described here is easily assembled using readily available materials and meets
      the following criteria: small dead air space, lightweight, readily acceptable by
      conscious dogs over a prolonged period of time, leakproof , and inexpensive. The
      mask has been successfully used with L-[1-13C] leucine to measure 13CO2 excretion
      rates in studies of leucine metabolism.

PMID- 6427520
TI  - Liver involvement in nonamyloid light chain deposits disease.
AB  - Liver examination performed in seven patients who had renal failure related to
      light chain deposits demonstrated in all cases the presence of liver light chain
      deposits. In all of our patients clinical renal involvement antedated the liver
      disease. The portal areas and the Disse spaces contained a granular material
      which strongly reacted with antilight chain antiserum (kappa or gamma). In one
      patient in whom lesions were severe, the sinusoid edge was ruptured and a
      pelliosis -like lesion was observed. In the five patients who were hemodialyzed
      for more than several months at the time of discovery of liver deposits,
      increased amounts of collagen were present in the Disse spaces, and one patient
      had extensive liver fibrosis by light microscopy. Clinical liver involvement was
      defined by moderate hepatomegaly in five patients, with ascites in two. A slight
      increase in phosphatase alkaline activity was frequently observed and
      bromsulphalein retention was present in two. In one patient liver tests remained
      entirely normal despite the presence of diffuse kappa light chain deposits.

PMID- 6427521
TI  - Methods in laboratory investigation. Immunoelectron microscopic methods for
      demonstration of antigens on normal human melanocytes and other epidermal cells.
AB  - Different procedures for fixation and processing were evaluated in order to
      examine the antigenic profile of melanocytes and other epidermal cells for
      immunoelectron microscopy. For this purpose the monoclonal antibodies anti-HLA-A,
      B, C, anti-HLA-DR, anti-T6, and the melanoma-associated monoclonal antibody NKI
      /C-3 were used as markers. Fixation with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde
      yielded better antigenic and ultrastructural preservation than 3%
      paraformaldehyde or picric acid-paraformaldehyde did. Skin was further processed
      by five different methods: (a) 15-micron frozen sections; (b) 75-micron agar
      embedded, tissue chopper sections; (c) 15-micron polyethylene glycol-embedded
      sections; (d) epidermal cells in suspension; and (e) epoxy sections
      (postembedding staining) were prepared for the immunoperoxidase procedure.
      Antigenicity was best preserved in the cell suspension method and somewhat less,
      but with a similar staining distribution, with the first three methods. Staining
      with the polyethylene glycol-embedded sections was only achieved if they were
      left free-floating in buffer; no staining was observed when the sections were
      mounted on glass slides and left to dry overnight at 37 degrees C. Epidermal
      cells remained unreactive in the postembedding method, even after etching.
      Ultrastructural preservation of the agar-embedded sections and the cells in
      suspension was superior to the other preembedding methods. Melanocytes mostly
      showed moderate staining for HLA-A, B, C and slight staining for the antigen that
      is recognized by NKI /C-3. The latter was further demonstrated on Langerhans
      cells and indeterminate cells which also expressed HLA-A, B, C, T6, and HLA-DR
      antigens.

PMID- 6427522
TI  - Influence of nutritional status on exertion-induced forearm amino acid metabolism
      in normal man.
AB  - Normal volunteers were evaluated in the postabsorptive state, following 10 days
      of protein-calorie starvation, and during intravenous feeding ( ivf ) to
      determine the impact of nutritional status upon exertion-induced muscle amino
      acid metabolism. An isolated forearm model allowed an evaluation of recovery of
      metabolism following 1 min of submaximal isotonic exercise. Forearm blood flow
      returned to near basal levels within 15 min after exertion during postabsorptive
      and ivf conditions, but remained greater than or equal to 150% of basal at 1 hr
      after exercise during starvation. At 30 and 60 min after exercise, forearm plasma
      flux of total and essential amino acids were unchanged from basal in the
      postabsorptive state. However, the pattern of essential amino acid flux
      demonstrated a relative reduction in isoleucine and leucine efflux compared with
      basal, and this pattern persisted throughout 1 hr of recovery. During starvation,
      a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in total and essential amino acid
      efflux was observed throughout the recovery period. Starvation was also
      associated with significant increases in alanine and lysine efflux during
      recovery. Intravenous feeding was associated with a significant (P less than
      0.05) uptake of essential amino acids with respect to basal levels at 30 min
      after exercise. At 60 min, there was a shift to total amino acid efflux but no
      change from basal flux for essential amino acids. During ivf , the pattern of
      essential amino acid uptake returned to basal within 1 hr after exertion.

PMID- 6427523
TI  - The postoperative course and quantitative aspects of rat islet and segmental
      pancreas isografts.
AB  - Duct-ligated segmental pancreas transplants with systemic venous drainage were
      compared to intrahepatic islet grafts for beta-cell mass (proportional to tissue
      insulin content) and function in diabetic Lewis rats. Rats were serially killed
      to measure insulin in the segmental pancreas grafts and in the liver of the islet
      recipients. Segmental pancreas weight was maximum and insulin concentration and
      content lowest (P less than 0.05) on Day 3 when acute inflammation was present.
      At 21 days, there was no inflammation, and graft weight had decreased, but not to
      Day 0 level because of normal growth; insulin concentration was similar on Days
      21 and 0. At 3 months, moderate fibrosis of the graft was present, but both total
      insulin and insulin concentration had increased (P less than 0.05). In the
      recipients of islet grafts, total insulin in the liver on Day 1 was only 43% of
      that contained in the original islet preparation, but by 3 months the insulin
      content in the liver had increased to that transplanted. IVGTT K values were
      similar in normal rats (-3.5 +/- 0.7%) and in recipients of segmental pancreas (
      4.5 +/- 1.6%) and islet (-4.0 +/- 1.5%) grafts at 3 months post transplant. Acute
      segmental graft pancreatitis resolved, followed by an increase in beta-cell mass.
      Islet cell damage during transplantation is either reversible or residual viable
      islets proliferate, and provide metabolic control equivalent to segmental
      pancreas transplants, even though the final beta-cell mass is less.

PMID- 6427524
TI  - High-frequency ventilation in rabbits with respiratory insufficiency.
AB  - Treatment of respiratory insufficiency using continuous positive pressure
      ventilation (CPPV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is often
      associated with high airway pressures and large tidal volumes resulting in
      parenchymal damage and an exacerbation of ventilation/perfusion mismatch. High
      frequency jet ventilation and high-frequency oscillation purportedly provide
      adequate ventilation and might preclude these harmful side effects. Few data
      exist comparing these methods in a model of respiratory insufficiency.
      Respiratory insufficiency was produced in three groups of six rabbits by 15
      pulmonary lavages with saline (35 ml kg-1) to remove surfactant, following which
      ventilation for the subsequent 5 hr was as follows: group I, CPPV with a
      frequency of 60 bpm, and a minute volume of 400 ml min-1 kg-1; group II,
      oscillatory ventilation with a loudspeaker system delivering a tidal volume of 6
      8 ml at a frequency of 5 Hz; and group III, jet ventilation with volumes of 6-8
      ml at a frequency of 5 Hz. All groups were ventilated with a PEEP of 10 cm H2O
      and a FiO2 of 1.0. Arterial blood samples were taken every hour. All three
      methods provided adequate oxygenation without important differences. The arterial
      pCO2 rose in all three groups owing to the seriousness of the respiratory
      insufficiency created. This rise was the highest with oscillatory ventilation.
      Three of the six rabbits deteriorated after 3 hr of jet ventilation and died with
      elevated pCO2S with pO2S with bloody edema coming out of the trachea. Because of
      this apparent damaging effect of jet ventilation and because oscillatory
      ventilation achieved the same gas exchange but at lower airway pressures as
      compared to jet ventilation and CPPV, it is thought that oscillatory ventilation
      is superior over both jet ventilation and CPPV for application in respiratory
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6427525
TI  - High arginine levels in intravenous hyperalimentation abrogate post-traumatic
      immune suppression.
AB  - Trauma victims often suffer immune system failure. Oral arginine has strong
      immune-enhancing properties. The metabolic, hormonal, and immune effects of
      increasing concentrations of arginine as part of post-trauma intravenous
      hyperalimentation (IVH) were studied. Groups of 11-14 rats, 275-350 g, underwent
      jugular vein catheterization and bilateral closed femoral fractures under
      anesthesia. IVH was started immediately postinjury at a rate of 0.8-1 ml/100 g
      body wt/hr and continued for 5 days. Twenty percent dextrose and three different
      amino acid mixtures were given as follows: (A) FreII (1.55 g ARG/1); (B) FreIII
      (4.05 g ARG/1); (C) modified FreIII (7.9 g ARG/1). All rats lost weight over the
      5-day postinjury period; however, rats in groups B and C lost significantly less
      weight than rats in group A (-3.4 +/- 0.8% of initial body weight and -3.6 +/-
      0.9% vs -6.1 +/- 1.2%, P less than 0.05). Rats in group A had negative cumulative
      nitrogen balance, while those in groups B and C were in highly positive balance.
      No significant difference in body weight change or nitrogen balance was noted
      between groups B and C. Trauma-induced thymic involution as assessed by thymic
      weight and lymphocyte content was greatest in group A, which received the lowest
      amount of arginine, and was linearly abrogated by increasing the amount of
      arginine administered (A less than B less than C). Thymocyte immune
      responsiveness increased with the amount of arginine given as assessed by
      mitogenesis in response to Con A (stimulation index: A--151.3 +/- 28.8 vs B-
      243.6 +/- 29.2, P less than 0.01 vs C--321.8 +/- 22.3, P less than 0.001 vs A and
      P less than 0.02 vs B) and PHA (A--65.0 +/- 14.3 vs B--67.7 +/- 15.3, NS, vs C-
      117 +/- 14.0, P less than 0.005 vs A and B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427526
TI  - Estriol in human breast cyst fluid.
AB  - Although cystic lesions of the breast are not precancerous per se, statistical
      studies have indicated that this condition predisposes a 2- to 4-fold greater
      risk for breast cancer. Seeking a hormonal etiology to this correlation,
      investigators have analyzed breast cyst fluid ( BCF ) for steroids and have
      compared the levels to those in the blood. The 17-ketosteroids-androsterone,
      dehydroisoandrosterone and their sulfates are elevated in BCF . The same is true
      for estrone sulfate and estradiol-3-sulfate. We have found the most dramatic
      differences with estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3S), the concentration of which ranged
      from 187-6134 pg/ml in over 40 specimens analyzed, whereas in 12 serum specimens
      from normal women, E3-3S was barely detectable. The origin of E3-3S is not known.
      [3H]E3-3S is not concentrated in BCF following its injection into an arm vein.
      The blood half-life of [3H]E3-3S is much lower than that of estrone sulfate.
      Samples of breast nipple aspirates from normal women were also analyzed for E3
      3S. None could be detected. The best explanation of the data accumulated thus far
      is that E3-3S is synthesized at the epithelial lining of the cyst and released
      into the BCF , from which its efflux is inefficient.

PMID- 6427527
TI  - Effect of estrogens on DMBA induced breast tumors.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the anti-carcinogenic activity of estriol when this
      hormone is administered to 50-55 day old SD rats prior to treatment with DMBA. In
      control and estradiol treated animals, 85-100% of animals developed breast tumors
      regardless of dose of steroid. Low doses of estriol (1 microgram/day) offered
      some protection against tumorigenesis but at levels exceeding 10 micrograms/day
      only 20-35% of animals developed tumors even when observed for 180 days following
      DMBA ingestion. Furthermore, the mean time for tumor production is greatly
      increased in the presence of E3. Short term (2 weeks) administration offered no
      protection against tumor formation, suggesting that the effect of estriol
      probably relates to the promotion stage of tumorigenesis.

PMID- 6427528
TI  - RU 16117, an orally active estriol-like weak estrogen.
AB  - RU 16117, the 11 alpha-methoxy derivative of ethynyl estradiol, is an orally
      active weak estrogen potentially effective in the treatment of estrogen
      deficiency in postmenopausal women (climacteric symptoms and severe
      osteoporosis). Biochemical studies have shown that RU 16117, like estriol,
      possesses the properties characteristic of a partial estrogen agonist/antagonist.
      RU 16117 binds to the cytosol estrogen receptor (ER) to form a complex which
      dissociates much faster than the estradiol complex. This explains its lower
      nuclear uptake. Furthermore, the nuclear RU 16117 complex also dissociates faster
      than the estradiol complex. Consequently, although low doses of RU 16117 can
      induce the majority of the effects of estradiol (increased polymerase A and B
      activities, cytosol ER replenishment, progestin receptor induction, increased
      uterine weight), these effects are long-lived only if the dose is considerably
      increased or if the compound is administered repeatedly or continuously. Since RU
      16117 transiently occupies available estrogen binding sites, it can prevent the
      full response of estradiol. Thus, under appropriate kinetic conditions, it acts
      as an estrogen antagonist on the above parameters and also on DMBA-induced
      mammary tumors in the rat. At a daily dose of 24 micrograms for a period of 4
      weeks RU 16117 led to 65% reduction in the number of already-established tumors.
      RU 16117 inhibits basal gonadotropin secretion and decreases the LH response to
      LHRH. Injection of 5 micrograms s.c. to the rat in estrus markedly inhibited the
      spontaneous peaks of LH, FSH and PRL measured on the afternoon of expected
      proestrus. Low doses which block ovulation by 100% had no detectable effect on
      vaginal cornification, thus suggesting a greater sensitivity at the hypothalamo
      pituitary level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6427529
TI  - Hormonal changes during the perinatal period: FSH, prolactin and some steroid
      hormones in the cord blood and peripheral serum of preterm and fullterm female
      infants.
AB  - Fetoplacental endocrine function during the last third of gestation, and first 5
      days post partum, was studied by hormone measurements of umbilical cord arterial
      and venous serum in preterm (31-37 weeks gestation) and fullterm (39-42 weeks
      gestation) female newborn. Furthermore, hormones were measured in peripheral
      serum of fullterm female infants of 1, 3 and 5 days of age. The data were
      compared with those obtained previously in corresponding age groups of males. FSH
      was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the cord serum of preterm females
      (5.4 +/- 1.8 IU/I, SE, n = 30) than in males (1.5 +/- 0.08 IU/l, n = 27), and
      decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in preterm females towards fullterm.
      PRL levels increased in both sexes towards the end of gestation (P less than
      0.01), and decreased post partum, but no sex differences could be detected.
      Testosterone was significantly higher in the male serum samples (P less than 0.01
      0.05), but only minor sex differences were seen in cord serum, or post partum,
      concentrations of the other steroids measured, pregnenolone, progesterone, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione. Significant arterio-venous difference
      (higher in the vein) were seen at term in progesterone and 17
      hydroxyprogesterone. The levels of these two steroids also decreased most clearly
      after birth. Female serum testosterone peaked at d 1 post partum (0.084 +/- 0.014
      microgram/l, SE, n = 11), decreased thereafter, but remained at the intrauterine
      level, suggesting that the low female levels of this steroid are of fetal, rather
      than placental/maternal origin. The same seems to be true for androstenedione.
      Our data suggest that the fetal ovary is quiescent during the last weeks of
      gestation.

PMID- 6427530
TI  - Lipomatous meningioma associated with cerebral vascular malformation.
AB  - A unique epileptic patient with intracranial neoplasm is reported in which a
      meningioma with lipomatous and osseous components was found associated with
      cerebral arteriovenous malformation at the same location in the right frontal
      lobe. The development of the leptomeningeal neoplasm may have been influenced by
      the underlying vascular anomaly. The cerebral arteriovenous malformation and
      altered hemodynamics also could have induced the sudden onset of clinical
      seizures, hemiparesis, and unconsciousness.

PMID- 6427531
TI  - Hemodynamic response to positive end-expiratory pressure following right atrium
      pulmonary artery bypass (Fontan procedure).
AB  - Thirteen patients were studied in the early postoperative period to determine the
      hemodynamic response to increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure
      (PEEP) following right atrium-pulmonary artery bypass (Fontan procedure).
      Hemodynamic data and arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were measured
      without PEEP and with PEEP = 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm H2O. Cardiac index decreased
      progressively with increasing levels of PEEP compared to PEEP = 0 (cardiac index
      = 2.7 +/- 1.2 L/min/m2), and the decrease was significant at PEEP = 9 (cardiac
      index = 2.2 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2, p less than 0.05) and 12 cm H2O (cardiac index =
      2.0 +/- 0.7 L/min/m2, p less than 0.05). Both arterial oxygen tension and
      pulmonary vascular resistance index increased significantly at all levels of PEEP
      studied compared to PEEP = 0. Significant positive trends were demonstrated for
      arterial oxygen tension and pulmonary vascular resistance index and a significant
      negative trend was shown for cardiac index with increasing PEEP. Heart rate,
      right atrial pressure, left atrial pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and
      arterial carbon dioxide tension did not change significantly nor consistently
      with increasing PEEP. From these data it appears that PEEP is an effective means
      of raising arterial oxygen tension after right atrium-pulmonary artery bypass. A
      progressive fall in cardiac index occurs with increasing PEEP, and the fall
      becomes significant at PEEP greater than 6 cm H2O. The fall in cardiac index
      appears to be mediated by a significant rise in pulmonary vascular resistance
      index.

PMID- 6427532
TI  - Operative technique for heart-lung transplantation.
AB  - Combined heart and lung transplantation has now been carried out in 17 patients
      at Stanford University Hospital. The emphasis on the management of donors is upon
      thorough tracheobronchial toilet and ensuring an absence of significant
      cardiopulmonary disease. The most important aspects of the recipient operation
      are to remove the heart and lungs without injury to the phrenic, vagus, or
      recurrent laryngeal nerves and to ensure hemostasis. This is best effected if the
      heart and lungs are removed separately. The operative technique for both the
      donor and recipient is described.

PMID- 6427533
TI  - Acute cystitis: a prospective study of laboratory tests and duration of therapy.
AB  - The efficacy of single-dose therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)
      and the cost-effectiveness of routine urinalyses and cultures were studied in a
      prospective randomized trial of 200 women who presented with symptoms of acute
      lower urinary tract infection. Without the physician's knowledge of the results
      of urinalysis or culture, the patients were randomly assigned to receive either a
      single dose or a 10-day multiple-dose course of TMP-SMZ and were followed up for
      6 months. Of the 136 patients with positive urine cultures, 68 received single
      dose therapy with TMP-SMZ--10 of whom had relapses--and 68 received multiple-dose
      therapy with TMP-SMZ--only 2 of whom had relapses (P less than 0.02). Fifteen
      patients in each treatment group experienced reinfection. Side effects of rash
      and vaginitis were more common in patients who received multiple-dose therapy,
      but they were mild and well tolerated. Of the 51 patients with urethral syndrome,
      48 became asymptomatic after therapy. None of the following tests predicted
      treatment outcome: pretreatment urinalysis, urine culture or susceptibility
      testing, antibody-coated bacteria testing, or routine follow-up urinalyses or
      urine cultures. Empiric therapy with TMP-SMZ in selected women with symptoms of
      acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection seems practical, safe, and cost
      efficient. Considerable savings can be achieved by reserving urinalyses and urine
      cultures for patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms. Higher cure rates
      can be expected in patients who receive a standard 10-day course of therapy with
      TMP-SMZ compared with those who receive single-dose therapy with TMP-SMZ.

PMID- 6427534
TI  - Acute effects of a glucose load on plasma apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-II, and C
      III in normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic men.
AB  - Changes in plasma levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-II, and C-III,
      cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were studied after
      administration of a glucose load in six normal subjects and five patients with
      non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The main finding of our study was the
      significantly increased responses of total triglycerides and apolipoproteins C-II
      and C-III from the baseline values in the normal subjects but not in the diabetic
      group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at baseline and after glucose
      loading were significantly lower in diabetic than in normal subjects. As
      expected, abnormal glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia were observed in the
      diabetic subjects after the glucose loading. The peak glucose and insulin levels
      and their decline after the glucose loading were delayed in the diabetic
      patients. The glucose load did not significantly alter total plasma cholesterol,
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II
      concentrations in normal and diabetic subjects. The apparent blunted response of
      total triglycerides and apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in the diabetic subjects
      may be related to maximal stimulation of synthesis of triglycerides and
      apolipoproteins C-II and C-III by the hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (or
      both) present in these patients.

PMID- 6427535
TI  - [Immunotropic effect of filtrates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture].

PMID- 6427536
TI  - [Human microsporidiosis--does it exist?].

PMID- 6427537
TI  - [Enteral nutrition--a revised therapeutic form].

PMID- 6427538
TI  - [Severe digestive involvement in rheumatoid purpura, and value of artificial
      nutrition, apropos of a case].

PMID- 6427539
TI  - CO2 laser in malignant lesions of the larynx.
AB  - The CO2 laser is being used in several otolaryngology departments around the
      world. Clinical experience has shown that it is a unique surgical tool in the
      management of benign and in some malignant lesions of the larynx. Until now,
      little has been written about its indications in patients with carcinomas of the
      larynx. The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with 58 patients
      with various premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx in which the CO2
      laser was employed as a curative or palliative debulking procedure.

PMID- 6427540
TI  - Argon and carbon dioxide laser treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
AB  - Laser physiology has shown that while wound healing is generally excellent after
      laser impaction, it nevertheless is delayed. It is thought that this factor may
      be important in the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. These scars have
      been treated in a variety of ways with the laser, and the results, which have
      been good, are reported. A possible explanation of the complex mode of action has
      been given. It is thought that more work should be undertaken in this field.

PMID- 6427541
TI  - Tracers in metabolic research: radioisotope and stable isotope/mass spectrometry
      methods.

PMID- 6427542
TI  - Increase in muscarinic receptors in rat intestine by thyrotropin releasing
      hormone (TRH).
AB  - The effect of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) on the contractile activity
      elicited by acetylcholine and electric stimulation in the rat ileus terminalis
      was investigated. TRH did not show any intrinsic contractile activity but, after
      a 30 minute latency period, the peptide caused a shift to the left of the dose
      response curve for both acetylcholine and electric stimulation. The binding of 3H
      quinuclidinylbenzilate (3H-QNB) assayed on ileum slices disclosed that the
      addition of TRH increased the number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors without
      changes in affinity when incubation was performed at pH 7.8, but no effect TRH
      was demonstrated at pH 7.4. Therefore, in spite of its neural and direct actions
      on intestine motor activity, TRH may affect the acetylcholine induced contraction
      by increasing the number of muscarinic receptors at a specific pH.

PMID- 6427543
TI  - Possible biologically active metabolites of 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-di-n
      propylaminotetralin.
AB  - 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-di-n- propylaminotetralin 1b exhibits prominent peripheral
      presynaptic and central dopaminergic effects, and pharmacological test data
      suggest that this compound is metabolically activated in vivo. It was speculated
      that the 6-methyl group is oxidized. To evaluate this possibility and as a
      prelude to a metabolism study, 5-hydroxy-6-formyl 5 and 5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl
      2-di-n- propylaminotetralin 2b were synthesized. Both compounds exhibited marked
      potency/activity in a cat cardioaccelerator nerve preparation. The biological
      data on these compounds are consistent with the possibility of their being
      pharmacologically active metabolites of compound 1b.

PMID- 6427544
TI  - Effects of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on glucose-stimulated
      insulin secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Some of the metabolites of arachidonic acid formed in the lipoxygenase and
      cyclooxygenase pathways stimulate insulin release. We studied the relative
      importance of each of these pathways in the modulation of glucose-induced insulin
      release by using inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism. Perfusion of the isolated
      rat pancreas with two chemically different inhibitors of cyclooxygenase,
      flurbiprofen and sodium salicylate, markedly inhibited prostaglandin E2 release,
      but had little effect on glucose-induced insulin release or on potentiation of
      insulin release caused by prior exposure to glucose. On the other hand,
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, not only inhibited
      both phases of glucose-induced insulin release but also abolished the
      potentiation effect. These effects of NDGA prevailed, when it was administered
      together with flurbiprofen, which caused profound inhibition of prostaglandin E2
      release. We conclude that 1) lipoxygenase pathways play a dominant role in
      glucose-stimulated insulin release, and 2) endogenous lipoxygenase metabolites
      influence the potentiating effect of glucose on the release of insulin in
      response to a subsequent stimulation.

PMID- 6427545
TI  - Suppression of spermatogenesis without inhibition of steroidogenesis by a 1,2,3
      trihydroxypropane solution.
AB  - This study presents the first evidence that the non-hormonal, biological
      substance, 1,2,3- trihydroxypropane (THP) acts as a selective and potent
      antispermatogenic agent without any apparent toxic or endocrine side effects. The
      studies were done on 119 rats which were injected intratesticularly (50-200
      microliter) with either sterile filtered distilled water (Control) or water/THP
      (3:7; Treated) and histological, biochemical and fertility determinations were
      made up to 11 weeks after the injections. The results show that within one week
      of a single injection with THP, the weights of testes and epididymides are
      significantly less than those of the Controls and the reduced weights persist for
      at least 11 weeks. The seminiferous tubules are largely depleted of
      spermatogenetic cells by 2 weeks and they remain devoid of dividing germ cells
      for the 11 week period. The Leydig cells have a normal appearance and
      histochemically show the same 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD)
      and 3 beta-HSD activities as Controls. In vitro studies of the testes showed that
      the activities of the steroid enzymes 20 alpha-HSD, 17 beta-HSD, 17 alpha
      hydroxylase and C17-20-lyase and the production of testosterone and
      androstenedione were not altered by the THP treatment. Similarly, serum levels of
      testosterone, LH, and FSH, measured by RIA, and weights of the prostate and
      seminal vesicles were the same as in Controls. Treated males showed the same
      degree of sexual behaviour and mating frequency as the Controls, but after the
      3rd mating were 100% infertile for the duration of the experiments. The total
      number of sperm in epididymides of Treated rats was reduced by 99.99% after the
      3rd mating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427546
TI  - Comparison between the biological effects of LH-RH and buserelin on the induction
      of LH release from hemi-pituitary glands of female rats in vitro.
AB  - The biological effects of LH-RH and the agonist [D-Ser(But)6-des Gly10]-LH-RH(1
      9)-ethylamide (buserelin) were compared during 8 h of incubation with female rat
      hemi-pituitary glands. Similar dose-response relationships were found for LH-RH
      and buserelin as concerns the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) by pituitary
      glands from intact and ovariectomized rats. Also the LH secretion patterns from
      glands of intact rats were similar: an initial low response was followed by a
      fast increase (priming effect) after which the response declined again
      (desensitization). In a subsequent experiment pituitary glands from
      ovariectomized rats were first exposed to LH-RH or buserelin for 4 h and then
      further incubated in medium only. After discontinuation of the stimuli the rate
      of LH release decreased in all cases, but this decrease was significantly greater
      when the glands had been exposed to LH-RH. Short-term (1/2, 1 or 2 h) exposures
      to LH-RH or buserelin followed by an intervening period (1 1/2, 1 or 0 h,
      respectively) of incubation in medium only resulted in an almost similar,
      significant increase in the subsequent protein synthesis-independent LH response
      to LH-RH (priming effect). Only preincubation with LH-RH for 2 h was
      significantly more effective. The results demonstrate equal intrinsic activities
      for LH-RH and buserelin. Differences in the biopotencies for LH-RH and buserelin
      in vivo and in vitro may occur only after discontinuation of the external
      stimuli.

PMID- 6427547
TI  - The dopaminergic inhibition of LH secretion during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - To assess the potential inhibitory role of hypothalamic dopaminergic input on the
      LRF-LH system, the gonadotropin response to a dopamine receptor antagonist,
      metoclopramid (MCP, 10 mg iv bolus) was examined during different phases of the
      menstrual cycle in 12 women. In addition, the role of dopamine infusion on
      naloxone (opiate receptor antagonist) induced LH increments was examined. MCP
      induced an abrupt increase in circulating LH levels in the mid-luteal phases but
      not in the early and late follicular phase subjects. No significant changes in
      serum FSH levels were observed. Dopamine, when infused concomitantly with
      naloxone, completely suppressed the naloxone induced pulsatile increments of LH
      in mid-luteal subjects. These findings support the contention that an increased
      dopaminergic inhibition of LRF-LH system occurs during the high estrogen
      progesterone phase of the menstrual cycle, and provide preliminary evidence that
      the inhibitory role of endogenous opioids on LRF release may involve the
      dopaminergic system.

PMID- 6427548
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A significant loss of bone has been observed in diabetes mellitus. The
      pathogenesis is unknown, but an impairment of vitamin D metabolism might be
      involved. Consequently, we have studied vitamin D metabolism in five groups of
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Significantly reduced levels of serum
      25(OH)D were seen only in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The serum levels of
      1,25 (OH)2D were reduced only in diabetic ketoacidosis but normalized during
      recovery. It is concluded that vitamin D metabolism is largely normal in adult
      insulin-dependent diabetes, and it seems unlikely that a disturbance of the
      vitamin D metabolism can explain the bone loss in the ordinarily controlled
      diabetics.

PMID- 6427549
TI  - Overview of methods used for detecting lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6427550
TI  - Oxidizing radical generation by prostaglandin H synthase.

PMID- 6427551
TI  - Physiopathological aspects of body overweight in the female climacteric.
AB  - The correlation between overweight and the climacteric was studied in 550
      menopause clinic patients by investigating certain clinical and sociocultural
      parameters (age, marital status, educational level, occupation and type of work,
      calorie intake, smoking habits, parity, blood pressure, previous hormonal therapy
      and climacteric symptoms), evaluating plasma levels of various hormones (17 beta
      oestradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing (LH), testosterone,
      hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), triiodothyronine (T3),
      thyroxine (T4), growth hormone (GH) and insulin), glucose and various lipid
      fractions (total lipids, total cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA),
      triglycerides and phospholipids) and exploring the blood-clotting pattern ( Owren
      's test, euglobulin lysis time, antithrombin III and prothrombin agglutination
      time (PAT). The subjects were classified as normal weight or overweight by
      reference to Broca's Index, as modified by Brusch , and the degree of overweight
      was determined by means of the Body Mass Index (BMI). Of the subjects examined,
      49% were overweight and, in successive years following the menopause, there was a
      growing bipolarization of the weight increase. The correlation between overweight
      in the climacteric and the parameters considered was found to be significant only
      in regard to calorie intake, age and educational level. Post-menopausal
      gonadotrophin levels in blood were significantly lower in the overweight than in
      the normal-weight women. With the onset of menopause, the plasma level of
      testosterone fell in the normal-weight women, while it increased, along with that
      of hydrocortisone, in the overweight women. In the normal-weight women at
      menopause, it was found that there was a tendency towards a substantial increase
      in lipid fractions and glycaemia, as well as a state of hypercoagulability. In
      the overweight women, the tendency was towards an even more marked increase in
      both glycaemia and the various lipid fractions, and, besides the hypercoagulative
      state, there was an associated reduction in fibrinolytic activity. It is
      concluded that the menopause not only causes metabolic changes but also
      aggravates the metabolic and endocrine tendencies which characterize overweight
      subjects and thus, clinically, constitutes an obesity risk factor in those women
      who already demonstrate a tendency towards overweight in the pre-menopausal
      phase.

PMID- 6427552
TI  - Vasoconstrictory thromboxane A2 and vasodilatory prostacyclin in climacteric
      women: effect of oestrogen-progestogen therapy.
AB  - The production of vasoconstrictory thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and vasodilatory
      prostacyclin ( PG2 ) was studied in women suffering from climacteric vascular
      instabilities before and during the oestrogen-progestogen therapy. The serum
      concentrations of TxB2, a metabolite of TxA2, in climacteric patients were
      similar (170.5 +/- 25.5 ng/ml, mean +/- SE, n = 14) to those in control subjects
      (196.0 +/- 27.5 ng/ml n = 17) before the start of treatment, but rose to 209.3 +/
      24.5 ng/ml after 3 wk of treatment (P less than 0.01 in comparison with the pre
      treatment level), to 227.2 +/- 44.1 ng/ml after 3 mth (P less than 0.05) and to
      237.4 +/- 30.3 ng/ml after 6 mth (P less than 0.05). The plasma concentrations of
      6-keto-prostaglandin F1a , a stable breakdown product of PG2 , were normal in
      climacteric (43.5 +/- 7.3 pg/ml as against 46.1 +/- pg/ml) and did not change
      during replacement therapy. It was concluded, firstly, that climacteric symptoms
      are not accompanied by changes in TxA2/ PG2 which can be detected in peripheral
      blood and, secondly, that the increase in the concentration of vasoconstrictory
      TxA2 induced by oestrogen-progestogen therapy may contribute to the disappearance
      of climacteric vascular instabilities.

PMID- 6427553
TI  - Incubation temperature and faecal streptococci recovery from marine sediments.
AB  - A comparative work was carried out on two different incubation temperatures that
      may be used for faecal streptococci recovery. Analyses were made on sediments
      samples collected in the bay of Naples in a larger survey of environmental
      pollution detection. Results showed a selective effect of 44 degrees C
      temperature on the isolation of the Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium
      and Streptococcus durans species that may be considered properly faecal
      streptococci.

PMID- 6427554
TI  - Effect of silver on whole cells and spheroplasts of a silver resistant
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Electron micrographs of a silver resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown
      in the presence of 50 micrograms/ml Ag+ indicate that the surviving cells are
      resistant at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane. Spheroplasts of the resistant
      strain were not lysed by 1 h contact with 8 micrograms/ml Ag+, but were 36% and
      22% lysed by 1 h contact with 20 micrograms/ml chlorhexidine and 40 micrograms/ml
      polysorbate 80, respectively. Spheroplasts of a silver sensitive strain of P.
      aeruginosa were lysed by 22% on contact with 1 microgram/ml Ag+ for 1 h.

PMID- 6427555
TI  - Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth due to hydrogen peroxide production by
      urogenital streptococci.
AB  - Seven streptococci isolated from the normal urogenital flora were selected for
      the production of an inhibitory activity toward Neisseria gonorrhoeae on solid
      medium. This activity was abolished when catalase was added to the medium in the
      case of Streptococcus mitis isolates 22, 25, 74 and Streptococcus sanguis II
      isolate 70 suggesting the involvement of hydrogen peroxide. The inhibitory
      activities produced by the other isolates (Streptococcus faecalis) were trypsin
      sensitive (isolates 12 and 14) or stable (isolate 59). Hydrogen peroxide
      production by S. sanguis II was quantitatively evaluated by reference to a
      standard curve representing the inhibitory effect of various concentrations of
      commercial H2O2 on N. gonorrhoeae growth. After 22 h of incubation a yield of 5.3
      m mol H2O2 I-1 was reached on solid medium while in liquid medium values of 2.8
      and 7.3 m mol H2O2 I-1 were obtained, respectively, in non-agitated and agitated
      cultures after 8 h of incubation.

PMID- 6427556
TI  - Antibacterial activity of different Zymomonas mobilis strains.
AB  - Twenty different Zymomonas mobilis strains were found to produce a substance
      which inhibited or killed various other Zymomonas , Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This antibacterial activity could
      be detected in cross-streak tests and as zones of clearing in lawns of the test
      bacteria. When Zymomonas strains are used as recipients in conjugation
      experiments, their antibacterial activity can be used to advantage for removal of
      unwanted donor cells from the mating mixtures.

PMID- 6427557
TI  - Biological reactions to bacterial endotoxins in the non-responder C3H/HeJ mouse
      strain.

PMID- 6427558
TI  - Sporulation promoting factor in vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A simple experimental system for detection of sporulation promoting factors was
      presented. This system showed that there was a sporulation promoting factor in
      the vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis cultivated on nutrient agar for 9 hr
      (at stage T0). The factor was partially purified from the sonicate of vegetative
      cells by ethanol fractionation, gel filtration, chromatography and preparative
      gel electrophoresis, and it was identified as manganese-containing protein.

PMID- 6427559
TI  - Carbenicillin-hydrolyzing penicillinases of Proteus mirabilis and the PSE-type
      penicillinases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Three carbenicillin-hydrolyzing penicillinases were found in Proteus mirabilis
      strains, N-3, N-29, and GN79. The former two strains were isolated in 1978, but
      strain GN79 was one of our stock cultures isolated in 1965. These penicillinases
      closely resembled each other, and the PSE-1 and PSE-4 enzymes produced by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in their substrate profiles and kinetic properties for
      hydrolyzing various beta-lactams. However, differences were found in their
      molecular weights and isoelectric points which ranged from 22,000 to 27,000 and
      from 6.0 to 6.9, respectively. The antiserum against the purified penicillinase
      of N-29 cross-reacted with the enzyme of N-3 and inhibited its activity by more
      than 80%. The antiserum also reacted with the PSE-1 and PSE-4 enzymes. The
      antiserum did not react with the penicillinase from strain GN79 and the PSE-2 and
      PSE-3 enzymes of P. aeruginosa. Enzyme production in N-3 and N-29 was mediated by
      R plasmids.

PMID- 6427560
TI  - Rapid purification of extracted bacterial lipopolysaccharides by continuous free
      flow electrophoresis.
AB  - The use of continuous free-flow electrophoresis for the purification of extracted
      lipopolysaccharides ( LPSs ) was investigated. Commercial (nucleic acid
      contaminated) LPS preparations, isolated by the hot phenol-water method of
      Westphal from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli 0111: B4, were
      analyzed. Continuous free-flow electrophoresis for purification of crude LPSs
      proved to be a rapid and useful means for the continuous purification of large
      amounts of LPS (more than 45 mg crude LPS per hr) and it showed good
      reproducibility and pure LPS. The electrophoretic profile of both crude LPSs
      obtained by continuous free-flow electrophoresis showed two distinct, sharp
      peaks; one representing the nucleic acid fraction and the other the LPS fraction.
      Under the continuous free-flow electrophoresis conditions employed, nucleic acid
      in the crude LPSs possessed low electrophoretic mobility, whereas LPS migration
      was negligible. Thus for both preparations pure LPS (no detectable nucleic acid)
      was obtained. Electrophoretic profiles of these purified LPSs on sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were similar in both cases to
      those of crude LPS and of LPS purified by repeated ultracentrifugation. By
      immunological analysis using double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, it
      was found that two components of crude E. coli 0111: B4 LPS were eliminated by
      continuous free-flow electrophoresis, but each component of purified E. coli
      0111: B4 LPS was immunologically identical to the corresponding component in its
      crude LPS. In S. typhimurium LPS, none of its components were influenced by
      continuous free-flow electrophoresis but not by ultracentrifugation. In spite of
      these results, both purified LPSs possessed stronger mitogenic activity than each
      crude LPS. These results indicated that continuous free-flow electrophoresis is a
      useful means of purifying extracted crude LPS.

PMID- 6427561
TI  - Occurrence of galactosamine-6-phosphate as a constituent of Bacillus megaterium
      spore coat.
AB  - Galactosamine-6-phosphate was identified as a component of the coat of the
      Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spore. It was one of the main constituents of the
      outermost layer of the spore coat, but it was absent from the other integuments
      including the cortex. These findings suggest that galactosamine-6-phosphate
      comprises the phosphorus-containing skeleton structure of the spore coat.

PMID- 6427562
TI  - Relation between D-glucose and L- and D-alanine in the initiation of germination
      of Bacillus subtilis spore.
AB  - The rate of L-alanine-initiated germination of Bacillus subtilis spore was
      measured by both loss of heat resistance and loss of turbidity, and the effect of
      glucose on the germination response to a wide range of concentrations of the
      germinant was analyzed in the presence and absence of D-alanine, an inhibitor.
      Glucose stimulated L-alanine germination by means of a cooperative effect:
      glucose increased the affinity of L-alanine by about 3-fold and the rate of
      germination by about 1.3-fold. However, glucose had little effect on the binding
      affinity of D-alanine. The apparent binding constant of L-alanine to the spore,
      which was determined by the next measurable event in the trigger reaction, was
      1.2 X 10(-5), that of D-alanine was 6 X 10(-6), and that of glucose was 5 X 10(
      5). The relation between the binding site for glucose and those for L- and D
      alanine on the spore is discussed. Effect of glucose analogs was also examined.

PMID- 6427563
TI  - Augmentation of mouse natural killer cell activity by Lactobacillus casei and its
      surface antigens.
AB  - Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018) augmented the natural killer (NK) cell
      activity of spleen cells from inbred BALB/c mice injected intravenously with LC
      9018 or intraperitoneally with polyinosinate -polycytidylate. Augmentation of
      this activity by LC 9018 was also observed in male C3H/He, CBA/N, and C57BL/6
      mice. The spleen cells exhibited no cytolytic activity against P815, a cell line
      insensitive to NK cells. The cytolytic activity of the spleen cells increased 2
      days after the injection of 250 micrograms of LC 9018/mouse, peaked on day 3, and
      gradually declined thereafter. The increase caused by LC 9018 was also observed
      in normal and Meth A-bearing mice. In vitro treatment with anti-asialo GM1
      antibody plus complement completely abrogated the LC 9018-augmented murine NK
      cell activity. The NK activity on the 3rd day after LC 9018 injection was reduced
      by in vitro treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody plus complement to
      half of that observed when treatment was with complement alone. This suggests
      that there were two populations of NK cells in the spleen cell suspension derived
      from LC 9018-treated mice. One population was asialo GM1-positive and Thy 1
      negative, the other was asialo GM1-positive and Thy 1-positive.

PMID- 6427564
TI  - Vasogenic edema with intraparenchymatous expanding mass lesions: a theory on its
      pathophysiology and mode of action of hyperventilation and corticosteroids.
AB  - Vasogenic edema with expanding mass brain lesions is hypothesized to be due to an
      increased intracapillary pressure. The latter may be due to preferential
      occlusion of the venous system by the growth of the lesion but endothelila
      proliferation and biogenic amines may also play a part. Endocytosis appears to be
      a mechanical response to the increased intraluminal pressure. This is a poorly
      selective process which can explain the proteinaceous nature of vasogenic edema.
      Steroids may act by forming hydrophobic bonds in the endothelial cell membrane
      and making it more difficult for any membrane fission to occur. Hyperventilation
      can be of use in vasogenic edema by decreasing intracranial pressure, providing
      better oxygenation and also by diminishing the capillary head pressure.

PMID- 6427565
TI  - Computerized transcutaneous monitoring incorporating laser Doppler velocimetry.
AB  - Measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension, transcutaneous carbon dioxide
      tension, transcutaneous heater power, transcutaneous electrode temperature, and
      peripheral perfusion at the gas measurement site (assessed by laser Doppler
      velocimetry) are monitored by a microprocessor-based data acquisition system.
      Arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure,
      respiration rate, and heart rate may be simultaneously captured with the system
      unattended for 12-hour intervals. This computerized monitoring system is mobile
      and easily applied by medical technologists to adult or neonatal intensive care
      patients. Simultaneous collection of the measurement data has facilitated
      research on the interrelationships of the measured parameters. It should be
      helpful in assessing optimal therapeutic interventions as well as the changing
      physiology of acutely ill patients.

PMID- 6427566
TI  - Chemical stability of lignocaine and glyceryl trinitrate infusion solutions.

PMID- 6427567
TI  - Nitroglycerin patches.

PMID- 6427568
TI  - Advances in linear accelerator design for radiotherapy.
AB  - The microwave-powered electron linear accelerator, or linac, is becoming the
      dominant radiotherapy treatment unit. Several technical advances, combined with
      attention to how patients are most effectively set up and treated, have led to
      continuing improvements in linac radiotherapy. This review describes:
      improvements in accelerator structures, widely variable energy linacs ,
      microtrons , beam transport systems, and treatment head design.

PMID- 6427569
TI  - Dosimetry characteristics of large wedges for 4- and 6-MV x rays.
AB  - Two sets of newly designed large wedge filters for field sizes up to 20 X 20 cm2
      have become commercially available for use with 4- and 6-MV linear accelerators.
      Such field sizes are sometimes required to ensure adequate coverage in certain
      treatment techniques. This work reports base line data resulting from an
      investigation of the dosimetric properties of these wedges. Measurements of wedge
      angles, transmission factors, and beam hardening effects are described, and
      comparisons are made with the smaller standard wedges.

PMID- 6427570
TI  - National Plague Conference report.

PMID- 6427571
TI  - Declining rates of rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea among males--New York City.

PMID- 6427572
TI  - Perinatal and maternal mortality in a religious group--Indiana.

PMID- 6427573
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis--Georgia.

PMID- 6427574
TI  - Rubella prevention.

PMID- 6427575
TI  - Rat-bite fever in a college student--California.

PMID- 6427576
TI  - Recent trends in tobacco consumption--Canada and other countries.

PMID- 6427577
TI  - Illness and death due to environmental heat--Georgia and St. Louis, Missouri,
      1983.

PMID- 6427578
TI  - Dengue--Americas, 1983.

PMID- 6427579
TI  - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--United States.

PMID- 6427580
TI  - Human arboviral encephalitis--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6427581
TI  - Nonfatal arsenic poisoning in three Hmong patients--Minnesota.

PMID- 6427582
TI  - Measles outbreak among vaccinated high school students--Illinois.

PMID- 6427583
TI  - Street-drug contaminant causing parkinsonism.

PMID- 6427584
TI  - Oral contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer in young women.

PMID- 6427586
TI  - Gonorrhea--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6427585
TI  - Q fever outbreak--Switzerland.

PMID- 6427587
TI  - Correction of error regarding malaria treatment in Disease-A-Month.

PMID- 6427589
TI  - Abortion surveillance: preliminary analysis--United States, 1981.

PMID- 6427588
TI  - Rubella vaccination during pregnancy--United States, 1971-1983.

PMID- 6427590
TI  - Possible rabies exposure from bats--Texas.

PMID- 6427591
TI  - Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1980-1982.

PMID- 6427592
TI  - Reye syndrome surveillance, 1981-1982.

PMID- 6427593
TI  - Prevalence of growth stunting and obesity: Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance
      System, 1982.
AB  - Pediatric surveillance data for 1982 are examined in terms of the prevalence of
      growth stunting and obesity. Results indicate that growth stunting is observed in
      approximately 6%-16% of children in the age group from birth through 4 years.
      Overall, the prevalence of stunting trends to increase with age. Native American
      and Hispanic children show the highest prevalence of stunting. Obesity is
      observed to vary from 5%-13% in different age and ethnic subgroups. Obesity
      increases in prevalence among 1-year-olds relative to infants less than 1 year of
      age, but from 2-4 years of age there are no consistent trends in the prevalence
      of obesity with increasing age. Native American children, followed by Hispanic
      children, have the highest prevalence of obesity as reflected in high weight-for
      height. The prevalence of growth stunting and obesity in the populations under
      surveillance is greater the 5% level "expected" when compared with the reference
      population, suggesting that the children attending publicly supported health
      programs are at increased nutritional risk. At the same time, the prevalence of
      low weight-for-height is generally less than the 5% level, suggesting that
      thinness is not a significant public health program in the populations under
      surveillance. The observation of increased stunting as well as high weight-for
      height among Hispanic and Native American children raises a number of issues in
      interpretation and suggests that the diet of these children may be relatively
      adequate in quantity but inadequate in quality of nutrient intake.

PMID- 6427594
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory disease: incidence and trends in private practice.

PMID- 6427595
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on metastatic cancer--with special reference of
      multidisciplinary treatment of gastric and colorectal cancer patients with
      hepatic metastasis].
AB  - We studied 161 gastric cancer patients with P0, H(+) and 51 colorectal cancer
      patients with P0, H(+) from among cancer patients of the digestive organs and
      obtained the following conclusions. The effective treatment for synchronous
      hepatic metastasis was regarded as the group with surgical removal of the primary
      lesion plus hepatic resection plus chemotherapy, demonstrating most favorable
      prognosis in both gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Prognosis of the group
      treated with surgical removal of the primary lesion plus hepatic resection plus
      chemotherapy, was the most excellent and was followed by the group with surgical
      removal of the primary lesion plus chemotherapy and group with surgical removal
      of the primary lesions and group surgical removal of the primary lesion in this
      order. Concerning chemotherapy after surgical removal of the primary lesion,
      continuous intraarterial infusion therapy with FML regimen combining Lentinan
      revealed more favorable prognosis also in both gastric and colorectal cancer
      patients. Hepatic resection with aggressive reduction surgery was of significance
      in the treatment for the patients with hepatic metastasis of H1 and H2. Long-term
      survival is also expected for the patients with metachronous hepatic metastasis
      of H1 by hepatic resection plus chemotherapy.

PMID- 6427596
TI  - [Severe surgical infection and DIC].
AB  - Severe surgical infection is one of the most obvious clinical settings of DIC.
      Although many initiating triggers have been discussed, the most potent might be a
      bacterial endotoxin which activates Hageman factor or some components of serum
      complement. We examined a disorder of blood coagulation system in severe surgical
      infection in terms of the results of limulus test for detection of circulating
      endotoxin. In 59 of such patients, 10 cases (32.3%) of DIC diagnosed by MINNA 's
      criteria were recognized in 31 limulus positive cases, whereas only 4 cases
      (14.3%) in 28 limulus negative groups. Each clinical course, prognosis, or the
      relationship with MOF were also discussed in detail. It was emphasized that the
      first requirement for diagnosis of DIC should be awareness of its possibility and
      careful observation of platelet counts. The immediate needs for treatment of DIC
      are (1) a cure of underlying infection by surgical drainage and chemotherapy, and
      (2) inhibition of intravascular coagulation by use of heparin and/or FOY etc. Our
      experiments performed by a continuous drop infusion of both 0.2 mg/kg 055; B5 E.
      Coli endotoxin and several doses of FOY for 4 hours into rabbits showed that the
      most potent inhibitory effect of FOY on platelet and WBC was observed in 0.1
      mg/kg/min.

PMID- 6427597
TI  - [Fungal sepsis and DIC in surgical patients].
AB  - Of 53 surgical cases complicated with severe infection who were admitted to The
      Second Department of Surgery of Osaka University Hospital between 1975 and 1982,
      9 cases were suffered from sepsis with positive blood culture for Candida
      albicans. All cases developed DIC and subsequent multiple organ failures (MOF),
      which was likely triggered by fungal sepsis because of the absence of any
      coexisting pathogens. Fungal sepsis was developed following a long term massive
      antimicrobial therapy in 7 cases and also following a long term steroid therapy
      in 1 cases. No apparent portal of fungal entry was confirmed except 3 cases with
      a positive fungal culture for central venous catheter. Six cases were fatal
      without improvement of DIC or MOF, to whom no early administration of antifungal
      agents was performed due to lack of recognition of fungal virulence. However, 3
      cases were completely recovered from DIC and MOF by treatment with antifungal
      agents and anticoagulants. These observations suggest that DIC due to fungal
      sepsis may be eradicated by recognition of fungal virulence and by appropriate
      treatment with antifungal agents and anticoagulants.

PMID- 6427598
TI  - [The tumor--immunological significance of splenectomy for cancer therapy].
AB  - In animal experiment, 5 X 10(5) MH-134 tumor cells were transplanted s.c. on the
      back of the C3H/He mice. Three, seven, 14 and 21 days after tumor
      transplantation, splenectomy or sham operation were performed and the tumor
      growth and survival days were examined in each group. As the results, the tumor
      growth was inhibited and the survival days prolonged not only in the group
      splenectomized three days but also 21 days after tumor transplantation.
      Clinically, the effect of splenectomy in combination with immunotherapy on cell
      mediated immunity and the survival rates were studied in the gastric cancer
      patients of upper and middle stomach with 90 cases of stage III and 48 cases at
      stage IV, totalling 138 cases who underwent total gastrectomy during 1965 and
      1981. Immunotherapy was conducted with immunomodulator levamisole at a daily dose
      of 150 mg, three consecutive days every other week. As a result, splenectomy was
      not effective for advanced gastric cancer at stage III and in the patients spleen
      should be retained for immunotherapy. Splenectomy for gastric cancer at stage IV,
      particularly in combination with immunotherapy, produced augmentation of cell
      mediated immunity and longer survival as well. Complications caused by
      splenectomy were small.

PMID- 6427599
TI  - Human placenta aldose reductase. Forms sensitive and insensitive to inhibition by
      alrestatin.
AB  - The inhibition of aldose reductase from a human source by alrestatin was studied.
      The enzyme from placenta was purified to apparent homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4
      precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, electrofocusing, and affinity
      chromatography. This enzyme from human or rat placenta at the (NH4)2SO4 state of
      purification was relatively insensitive to alrestatin (IC50 greater than 50
      microM). On purification by electrofocusing, however, human or rat placenta
      aldose reductase exhibited a marked increase in its sensitivity to alrestatin
      (IC50 = 1.0 microM). In contrast to human or rat placenta aldose reductase, rat
      lens aldose reductase was equally sensitive to alrestatin at the corresponding
      stages of purification (IC50 = 1.0 microM). Experiments in which the sensitive
      and insensitive forms of placenta aldose reductase were mixed revealed that the
      difference in susceptibility to alrestatin could not be attributed to nonspecific
      binding of alrestatin by proteins present in the (NH4)2SO4 fraction. A heat
      inactivated (NH4)2SO4 fraction of human placenta aldose reductase added to the
      sensitive placenta enzyme from human or rats caused a time-dependent conversion
      to the insensitive form of aldose reductase. This suggested that a heat-stable
      dissociable factor, associated with placenta aldose reductase at the crude stage,
      may be responsible for the insensitivity to alrestatin. This insensitivity could
      be of pharmacological significance if it is relevant in vivo and it exists in
      tissues where aldose reductase plays a physiological role.

PMID- 6427600
TI  - Glucuronidation of 7-hydroxycoumarin in periportal and pericentral regions of the
      liver lobule.
AB  - Rates of glucuronidation were measured at high substrate concentrations in
      specific zones of the liver lobule using micro-light guides placed on periportal
      and pericentral regions on the surface of livers from phenobarbital-treated rats.
      Livers were perfused with sulfate-free buffer under normoxic conditions, and
      fluorescence of free 7-hydroxycoumarin was monitored in the tissue. The formation
      of nonfluorescent 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide was then inhibited completely by
      perfusion with N2-saturated perfusate containing 20 mM ethanol. Under these
      conditions, fluorescence recorded from the surface of the liver was directly
      proportional to the concentration of substrate infused. The difference in 7
      hydroxycoumarin fluorescence between N2 plus ethanol and normoxic perfusion was
      due to glucuronidation. Maximal rates of glucuronidation in periportal and
      pericentral regions of the liver lobule calculated with this new method were 9.6
      and 35 mumoles/g/hr, respectively. Glucuronidation was half-maximal with 25-50
      microM 7-hydroxycoumarin in both regions. Glucuronosyltransferase activity
      assayed in microdissected, freeze-dried tissue samples in vitro was 3-fold
      greater in pericentral areas than in periportal areas. This activity was half
      maximal with 0.2 mM UDP-glucuronic acid and 54 microM 7-hydroxycoumarin in both
      regions of the liver lobule. Thus, the maximal capacity of the glucuronidation
      system determined in vitro is about 3-fold greater in pericentral than in
      periportal regions of the liver lobule, a difference which correlates well with
      measured rates of glucuronidation of 7-hydroxycoumarin in the two zones of the
      lobule in the intact, perfused liver.

PMID- 6427601
TI  - Purification of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes 3a and 6 from
      imidazole-treated rabbits. Evidence for the identity of isozyme 3a with the form
      obtained by ethanol treatment.
AB  - Two forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity
      from hepatic microsomes of rabbits treated with imidazole. Several criteria
      indicate that the cytochrome of higher electrophoretic mobility is identical with
      ethanol-inducible isozyme 3a. "Imidazole-3a" and "ethanol-3a" exhibit the same
      chromatographic characteristics and have identical electrophoretic mobilities
      upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the
      two protein preparations have the same absorbance maxima and absorption
      coefficients in the oxidized, reduced, and reduced-CO states. A single
      immunoprecipitin band exhibiting complete identity was observed upon reaction of
      imidazole-3a and ethanol-3a with the immunoglobulin G fraction from sheep
      immunized with the latter protein. The amino acid composition and first 10
      residues of the amino terminus of the two protein preparations are
      indistinguishable, as are the high-performance liquid chromatographic maps of the
      peptides obtained upon cleavage with trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease,
      or Lys C endoproteinase . Furthermore, these preparations have very similar
      activities in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and the p-hydroxylation of
      aniline. Evidence was obtained that the cytochrome of lower electrophoretic
      mobility isolated from imidazole-treated rabbits is probably identical with
      isozyme 6; the spectral characteristics, amino acid composition, and carboxyl
      terminal sequence are described. As an inducer, imidazole has the advantage over
      ethanol of being less variable in its effects and requiring a shorter period of
      treatment. From the resulting liver microsomes, one can readily isolate, in
      addition to P-450 isozymes 3a and 6, isozymes 3c and 4 as well as epoxide
      hydrolase.

PMID- 6427603
TI  - Structural basis for the preferential association of autologous immunoglobulin
      subunits: role of the J region of the light chain.
AB  - We have used a series of sequenced V kappa 21 L-chains produced from murine
      myelomas to determine whether the V or J segment of the V region is responsible
      for dictating preferential recombination. In each competitive recombination,
      equimolar amounts of two different L-chains, selected on the basis of common V or
      J segments, were allowed to compete for a limiting amount of H-chain. It was
      found that the J segment of the L-chain was primarily responsible for dictating
      the ability of a chain to compete and that the nature of residue 96, the first
      residue of the J segment, was particularly important. Specifically, charged
      residues caused the L-chain to compete poorly against L-chains with hydrophobic
      side chains at this position. Furthermore, if Phe or, to a lesser extent, Tyr
      were present at position 96, the L-chain competed more successfully than chains
      with Trp-96 or Leu-96. This suggests that both the aromaticity and size of this
      residue were important factors in determining preferential recombination. It was
      also found that all other residues in VL were secondary to residue 96 in
      contributing to the ability of a chain to compete. Finally, unlike all previous
      studies, we observed a substantial number (64%) of preferred heterologous
      recombinations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the VL and
      VH gene rearrangements occur independently, thus resulting in random pairing of
      VH and VL domains.

PMID- 6427602
TI  - The receptor function of galactosyltransferase during cellular interactions.
AB  - The molecular mechanisms that underly cellular interactions during development
      are still poorly understood. There is reason to believe that complex
      glycoconjugates participate in cellular interactions by binding to specific cell
      surface receptors. One class of carbohydrate binding proteins that could serve as
      receptors during cellular interactions are the glycosyltransferases.
      Glycosyltransferases have been detected on a variety of cell surfaces, and
      evidence suggests that they may participate during cellular interactions by
      binding their specific carbohydrate substrates on adjacent cells or in
      extracellular matrix (see Refs. 1-4 for review). This review will focus on the
      receptor function of galactosyltransferase, in particular, during fertilization,
      embryonic cell adhesion and migration, limb bud morphogenesis, immune recognition
      and growth control. In many of these systems, the galactosyltransferase substrate
      has been characterized as a novel, large molecular weight glycoconjugate composed
      of repeating N-acetyllactosamine residues. The function of surface
      galactosyltransferase during cellular interactions has been examined with genetic
      and biochemical probes, including the T/t-complex morphogenetic mutants, enzyme
      inhibitors, enzyme modifiers, and competitive substrates. Collectively, these
      studies suggest that in the mouse, surface galactosyltransferase is under the
      genetic control of the T/t-complex, and participates in multiple cellular
      interactions during development by binding to its specific lactosaminoglycan
      substrate.

PMID- 6427604
TI  - Renal dysplasia and chondrodysplasia in the ch hydrocephalic mouse: a cellular
      model of defective differentiation and organization.

PMID- 6427606
TI  - Case 2-1984: Fabry's disease.

PMID- 6427605
TI  - Energy metabolism of adult Haemonchus contortus in vitro: a comparison of
      benzimidazole-susceptible and -resistant strains.
AB  - In vitro biochemical characteristics of three strains of Haemonchus contortus,
      benzimidazole-susceptible, mebendazole-resistant and thiabendazole-resistant
      isolates, were investigated. Steady-state pool sizes of glucose and metabolic
      intermediates, including adenine nucleotides and end-products revealed no
      differences between adult worms resistant or susceptible to benzimidazoles in 30
      60 min incubations. Possible regulatory steps in the glycolytic pathway are
      identified as those involving the enzymes hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and
      pyruvate kinase. The major component of carbohydrate reserves was trehalose, some
      glycogen was present and the glucose pool was small. On incubation for 18 h in
      vitro, carbohydrates were metabolised in all three strains. However, in the
      benzimidazole-susceptible worms there was a preferential use of the glycogen
      reserves to maintain energy metabolism. All three strains had similar levels of
      total lipid, total protein and free amino acid and these did not change on
      incubation. The major products found in the medium on incubation, in vitro, for
      18 h were propionate, acetate and propanol, with smaller amounts of ethanol,
      lactate and malate. All three strains produced a similar sum total of end
      products; however, in the mebendazole-resistant strain there appeared to be a
      diversion of carbon flow to the ethanol-producing pathway. Carbon dioxide
      production in 60 min incubations was measured using radioactively labelled
      glucose. A greater output of labelled CO2 was noted under aerobic than anaerobic
      conditions. This was particularly true of the mebendazole-resistant strain and,
      in this strain, was sensitive to cyanide. The extent to which metabolic
      differences noted in the three strains may be related to benzimidazole resistance
      is not readily apparent.

PMID- 6427607
TI  - Opinion polls on health care.

PMID- 6427608
TI  - Treatment of episodic hyperammonemia in children with inborn errors of urea
      synthesis.
AB  - Although normal plasma ammonium levels can be maintained in children with inborn
      errors of ureagenesis, these children are vulnerable to episodic hyperammonemia
      often resulting in coma and death. To treat such episodes, we designed a
      therapeutic protocol that included prompt recognition of hyperammonemia, therapy
      with intravenous sodium benzoate, sodium phenylacetate, and arginine, and
      nitrogen-free intravenous alimentation. Dialysis was performed if the
      hyperammonemia was unresponsive to drug therapy. Twelve episodes of
      hyperammonemia in seven children deficient in carbamyl phosphate synthetase,
      ornithine transcarbamylase, or argininosuccinic acid synthetase were treated; one
      patient died and the others recovered. In two patients measurement of the
      distribution of urinary nitrogen revealed that hippurate nitrogen and
      phenylacetylglutamine nitrogen together accounted for 60 per cent of "effective"
      urinary waste nitrogen. Successful therapy of episodic hyperammonemia plays an
      important part in the long-term management of disorders of the urea cycle.

PMID- 6427609
TI  - Clinical importance of the interaction of diazepam and cimetidine.
AB  - Cimetidine is known to impair the hepatic microsomal oxidation of diazepam,
      reducing its clearance and prolonging its half-life. We studied the clinical
      importance of this effect in 10 patients, who were receiving long-term treatment
      with diazepam for anxiety, tension, or difficulty in sleeping, in an eight-week
      double-blind controlled study during which the diazepam dosage remained constant.
      The study was in four two-week phases: base-line or adaptation, coadministration
      of cimetidine (300 mg) or matching placebo four times daily, crossover to the
      opposite treatment (placebo or cimetidine), and recovery treatment with diazepam
      alone. During the cimetidine phase, plasma concentrations of diazepam plus
      desmethyldiazepam rose an average of 57 per cent (P less than 0.005), then fell
      when cimetidine was withdrawn. However, there were no significant changes in
      scores on the digit-symbol-substitution test, a tracking task, or a reaction-time
      test. Clinical self-ratings indicated no increases in sedation, fatigue, or
      drowsiness. Patients experienced shortening of sleep latency (P less than 0.05)
      and an increase in self-rated depth or soundness of sleep (P less than 0.001)
      during the cimetidine period, but there were no changes in sleep duration or in
      the number of nocturnal awakenings. Although coadministration of cimetidine to
      diazepam-treated patients causes a large increase in plasma diazepam and
      desmethyldiazepam concentrations, the increase is of minimal clinical importance.

PMID- 6427610
TI  - The application of computer-based medical-record systems in ambulatory practice.

PMID- 6427611
TI  - Mucopurulent cervicitis--the ignored counterpart in women of urethritis in men.
AB  - Among 100 randomly selected nonmenstruating women attending a clinic for sexually
      transmitted diseases, we assessed objective criteria for the clinical diagnosis
      of mucopurulent cervicitis. Visualization of yellow mucopurulent endocervical
      secretions on a white swab and the presence of 10 or more polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes per microscopical field (at a magnification of 1000) in satisfactory
      gram-stained endocervical smears were independently correlated with cervical
      Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Neither finding correlated with gonorrhea or
      genital herpes, although herpes caused characteristic cervical ulcerations. C.
      trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 20 of 40 women with mucopurulent
      cervicitis but of only 2 of 60 without it. The overall prevalence of mucopurulent
      cervicitis among women attending the clinic (40 per cent) exceeded that of
      nongonococcal urethritis among men in the same clinic, and the prevalence of C.
      trachomatis infection was higher in mucopurulent cervicitis than in nongonococcal
      urethritis, a condition that is conventionally treated with tetracyclines. These
      findings support recommendations for the treatment of mucopurulent cervicitis and
      should guide the selective use of confirmatory diagnostic tests for C.
      trachomatis infection.

PMID- 6427612
TI  - Biclonal B-cell lymphoma.
AB  - The cells of most tumors are considered to be genetically homogeneous because
      they are assumed to represent a single clone descended from one abnormal cell. We
      have discovered three cases of B-cell lymphoma for which this generalization is
      not true. In each case, the tumor was composed of two subpopulations of cells,
      each expressing a different immunoglobulin molecule. Antibodies directed against
      these immunoglobulins were used to separate the two cell subpopulations of each
      tumor on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. DNA extracted from the original
      tumor and the two fractionated subpopulations was analyzed to determine the
      configuration of immunoglobulin genes. Differences were found in the arrangement
      of DNA in at least one immunoglobulin gene for each of the two subpopulations.
      Thus, biclonality of these tumors was revealed by examination of both protein
      markers (cell-surface immunoglobulin) and DNA markers (immunoglobulin-gene
      rearrangements). Our results indicate that the incidence of biclonal B-cell
      lymphoma may be higher than previously recognized, possibly as high as 10 per
      cent of all B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, our findings may have important
      implications for the diagnosis and therapy of lymphoid cancers.

PMID- 6427613
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 27-1984. Pleural effusions and edema in a 50-year-old man with
      previous Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6427614
TI  - Immunohistopathological studies of blastomycosis: the use of labeled specific
      antigens in a hamster model of disease.
AB  - We applied a modified immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase method, utilizing
      labeled Blastomyces dermatitidis antigens, to look for specific antibody-bearing
      B/plasma cells in the tissue infiltrates of blastomycosis lesions induced in
      hamsters. No specific anti-blastomyces antibodies were detectable by this method,
      although such antibodies were present in blood samples as demonstrated by routine
      immunodiffusion techniques. These studies suggest that humoral immune reactions
      do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of lesions of blastomycosis in
      hamsters.

PMID- 6427615
TI  - Failure of plant tissues to metabolize aflatoxin B1?
AB  - After exposure of peas and wheat kernels to aflatoxin B1 solutions the following
      aflatoxins could not be detected in seed extracts: aflatoxins M1, B2a, Q1,
      aflatoxicol and tetrahydrodeoxyaflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6427616
TI  - Effect of geocarposphere temperature on pre-harvest colonization of drought
      stressed peanuts by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination.
AB  - Florunner peanuts grown in research plots were subjected to 5 soil temperature
      and moisture treatment regimes resulting in A. flavus infestation and subsequent
      aflatoxin contamination in drought-stressed peanuts. Treatments imposed beginning
      85 days after planting were drought, drought with heated soil and 3 drought
      treatments with cooled soil. The incidence of A. flavus in drought-stressed,
      unshelled , sound mature kernels ( SMK ) decreased with decreases in the mean 5
      cm deep soil temperature. The incidence of A. flavus was greater in inedible
      categories and in damaged kernels than in SMK . The mean, threshold,
      geocarposphere temperature required for aflatoxin development during the latter
      part of the peanut growth cycle was found to be between 25.7 degrees C and 27
      degrees C.

PMID- 6427617
TI  - Therapeutic application of behavioral techniques: an overview.

PMID- 6427618
TI  - A contingency analysis of family treatment and drug abuse.

PMID- 6427619
TI  - The Job Seekers' Workshop: a skill training program for drug treatment clients.

PMID- 6427620
TI  - Brokerage model rehabilitation system for opiate dependence: a behavioral
      analysis.

PMID- 6427621
TI  - Behavioral intervention techniques in drug abuse treatment: summary of
      discussion.

PMID- 6427622
TI  - Treatment of behavioral and psychiatric problems associated with opiate
      dependence.
AB  - Many difficult and complex behavioral and psychiatric problems can occur in a
      methadone treatment program. Some behavioral problems are very serious, and it is
      essential that the program place a high priority on controlling them. This is
      best done by structuring the treatment milieu via program rules. Careful
      attention must be paid to consistent, fair, and accurate enforcement of these
      rules. A proper staffing pattern is essential; this should include counselors
      along with medical, administrative, and pharmacy personnel, and police. Written
      policies explaining clinic procedures such as treatment plans, use of ancillary
      medications, and take-home policies are most helpful. They provide structure for
      the staff and increase the chances that work will be done in an organized and
      consistent manner. The physical facility may have features which either enhance
      or interfere with treatment and must be taken into account when planning.
      Attention should be paid to accurate diagnosis and treatment of the patients'
      psychiatric, behavioral, and social problems, and staff morale must be
      maintained. The best general ingredients for good patient management appear to be
      a combination of structure and support, applied in a systematic and coordinated
      way by a well-trained staff. Finally, integration of research and clinical
      efforts may present unique problems but has considerable benefit in most
      programs.

PMID- 6427623
TI  - The role of behavioral contingency management in drug abuse treatment.

PMID- 6427624
TI  - Behavioral treatment of drug dependence.

PMID- 6427625
TI  - Contingency contracting treatment of drug-abusing physicians, nurses, and
      dentists.
AB  - Seventeen drug-abusing physicians, dentists, and nurses entered contingency
      contracting treatment. They deposited with their therapist letters to their
      respective licensing boards, confessing renewed drug abuse and surrendering their
      licenses. Each contract directed the therapist to collect frequent urine samples
      and to mail the letter if a scheduled sample was not provided, or contained
      drugs. The followup occurred a mean of 20 months after signing the contracts,
      which were of varied duration. Drug use dramatically declined for most patients
      after a contract was signed. Most patients' personal and professional lives also
      improved over the followup time. Twelve patients had suspended licenses or
      professional privileges before signing the contracts. All then worked; two
      subsequently lost their licenses through the contract mechanism, and three lost
      their licenses for other reasons. About half of the patients completed a full
      year with no apparent relapse. Relapses were more common when contracts were not
      in effect than when they were.

PMID- 6427626
TI  - Problems in methadone treatment: the influence of reference groups.

PMID- 6427627
TI  - Fifty years of pepsin crystals.

PMID- 6427628
TI  - 33,000-yr old chert mining site and related Homo in the Egyptian Nile Valley.
AB  - The Nazlet Khater 4 site (Nile Valley, Upper Egypt) is located on one of the
      small wadi- interfluves in the lower desert near the steep cliffs bordering the
      western Nile Valley edge (Fig. 1). We have previously reported the excavation of
      an early Upper Palaeolithic blade industry at this site, although blade
      industries in the Nile Valley had only been known to occur since 18,000 yr ago.
      The 1982 excavation reported here confirms that Nazlet Khater 4 is a chert mining
      site with a complex extraction strategy, going back 33,000 yr. A nearby grave
      contained a skeleton of a man in the extended position. We show that the cranial
      morphology is anatomically modern with archaic characteristics such as a very
      robust mandible. There is evidence that the skeleton has a similar age to that of
      the mining site.

PMID- 6427629
TI  - Cation selectivity of light-sensitive conductance in retinal rods.
AB  - Vertebrate photoreceptors respond to light by a membrane hyperpolarization which
      is thought to result from the decrease of a Na-selective conductance in the outer
      segment. One hypothesis is that light increases intracellular free Ca which
      reversibly blocks the Na conductance; at least part of this Ca is then extruded
      to the cell exterior by a Na-Ca exchanger at the plasma membrane. We describe
      experiments here which show that the light-sensitive conductance in rods is also
      highly permeable to K. While external Na acts to keep the conductance open,
      external K tends to keep it closed, both actions probably involving the Na-Ca
      exchanger. The conductance is also permeable to the monovalent cations Li, Rb and
      Cs and the divalent cations Ca, Sr and Ba. The ability of both Na and K to go
      through the light-sensitive conductance explains the long-standing puzzle as to
      why the reversal potential for the light response is at 0 to + 10 mV.

PMID- 6427630
TI  - Conservation and change in the DNA sequences coding for alcohol dehydrogenase in
      sibling species of Drosophila.
AB  - The DNA sequences of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes of four very closely
      related species of Drosophila show that the rates of nucleotide change vary
      greatly in different functional domains of this gene. A phylogeny of these
      species based on the Adh sequence data is consistent with that based on polytene
      chromosome banding patterns.

PMID- 6427631
TI  - On the haemodynamic differences between sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, and
      isosorbide nitrates. Comparison of their vasorelaxant effects in vitro and of
      their inactivation in vivo.
AB  - In organ bath studies, the sensitivity of isolated renal arteries and veins of
      the rabbit to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), nitroglycerin (GTN), and two isosorbide
      nitrates was compared. For isosorbide-dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate, a 7
      to 20 times greater sensitivity of veins than of arteries was found explaining
      their known in vivo predilection for the capacitance vessels. To SNP and GTN, the
      immediate response was practically identical; a moderately greater sensitivity of
      the veins at threshold concentrations ( EC10 ), and a similar sensitivity of
      veins and arteries at the EC50 was observed with both drugs. However, on
      prolonged exposure (30 min), the relaxant response to GTN faded to a greater
      extent in arteries than in veins which may be a factor in the in vivo preference
      of GTN for the capacitance vessels. In anaesthetized rats, the hypotensive
      response to SNP and to GTN either infused i.v. or into the femoral artery, was
      compared. With GTN, the hypotensive response was the same by either route of
      administration. In contrast, the hypotensive response to SNP was considerably
      reduced on infusion into the femoral artery; an inactivation of SNP by 34% on
      passage through the hind-leg was calculated. The resulting decrease in venous
      over arterial blood levels of SNP could outweigh the somewhat greater sensitivity
      of veins than of arteries found in the organ bath, and may account for the
      balanced effect of SNP on resistance and capacitance vessels known to exist in
      vivo.

PMID- 6427632
TI  - In vivo allergen tachyphylaxis in guinea pig lung is mediated by endogenous
      prostaglandin E biosynthesis.
AB  - The term "allergen tachyphylaxis" (AT) describes a progressively decreased
      bronchial reactivity to allergen exposition after repeated allergen challenge [in
      our test system measured by sequential inhalative antigen challenge of sensitized
      guinea pigs (GP)]. The hypothesis that AT is mediated by endogenous prostaglandin
      E (PGE) biosynthesis was tested in vivo on GP sensitized to ovalbumin (OA).
      Different groups of animals were challenged with simultaneous inhalation of OA
      (repeatedly at time 0, 10, 20, 60 and 70 min) together with inhibitors of PGE
      biosynthesis ( parachloromercurobenzoic acid = PCMB, copper sulfate = Cu, copper
      dithiotreitol complex = CuDTT , dithiotreitol = DTT and dimercaptopropanol = DMP)
      or agents increasing PGE production (aurothioglucose = Au, zinc dithiotreitol
      complex = ZnDTT and reduced glutathion = GSH). Bronchial obstruction was measured
      by whole body plethysmography . PCMB, Cu, CuDTT , DTT and DMP inhibited AT,
      whereas Au and ZnDTT enhanced AT. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment prevented
      AT. Aerosols of PGE2, but not of prostacyclin or prostaglandin D2 restored AT in
      ASA treated animals. In addition to these in vivo experiments in vitro
      investigations showed that PCMB, Cu and DTT decreased while ZnDTT increased PGE
      biosynthesis of allergen challenged GP lungs. It is concluded that AT, an
      important self-protecting mechanism of GP bronchial asthma, is mediated at least
      in part via endogenous PGE.

PMID- 6427633
TI  - Ca2+ as messenger of 5HT2-receptor stimulation in human blood platelets.
AB  - In blood platelets of man, both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and 80 nM of the Ca2+
      ionophore A23187 led to rapid shape change reactions which were inhibited by
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), forskolin, 2-methyl-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline ( quin2 )
      and chlortetracycline. The IC50-values of the inhibitors were similar in the 5HT-
      and the A23187-experiments. Higher amounts of A23187 abolished the inhibitory
      actions of PGE1 and forskolin. Furthermore, 5HT and A23187 enhanced adrenaline
      induced platelet aggregation their effects showing similar time dependence.
      Ketanserin, an antagonist of 5HT2 -receptors, and 8-(N,N-diethyl-amino)octyl
      3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8), an intracellular Ca2+-antagonist, counteracted
      the effects of 5HT much more than those of A23187, whereas acetylsalicylate and
      indomethacin did not influence the actions of either 5HT or A23187. In addition,
      5HT caused a concentration-dependent rise of intracellular free Ca2+ in platelets
      which was counteracted by ketanserin. PGE1 and forskolin reduced the resting Ca2+
      levels. 5HT did not affect either the basal or the PGE1-stimulated activity of
      adenylate cyclase, whereas the Ca2+-ionophore A23187 slightly raised the basal
      activity of the enzyme. In conclusion, the functional effects of 5HT2 -receptor
      stimulation in human blood platelets (shape change reaction and enhancement of
      adrenaline aggregation) seem to be mediated by a rise of intracellular free Ca2+.

PMID- 6427634
TI  - A novel long stay unit for the elderly in Kent. Innovation in care in the NHS.

PMID- 6427635
TI  - Brucella abortus endocarditis following ingestion of cow's blood.

PMID- 6427636
TI  - [Epilepsies and febrile convulsions].

PMID- 6427637
TI  - [Locomotor compulsion in epileptic attacks].

PMID- 6427638
TI  - [Familial basal ganglia calcinosis, mitochondrial myopathy and epilepsy--result
      of a single metabolic disorder?].

PMID- 6427639
TI  - [Successful lithium treatment of manic-like symptoms in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 6427640
TI  - Feasibility and efficacy of long-term treatment by continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion (CSII) in insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6427641
TI  - Dialysis-induced hypoxemia. Continuous monitoring of blood oxygen and carbon
      dioxide tension in children.
AB  - We report our experience with continuous, transcutaneous monitoring of capillary
      oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (PtcO2, PTlcCO2 ) during the entire length of
      hemodialysis treatment in 8 pediatric patients. The relative changes in PtcO2 and
      PtcCO2 observed with this method were in accordance with those reported in the
      literature, obtained with frequent arterial blood sampling. There was a temporary
      fall of PtcO2, averaging 26.2% after 2h of dialysis, with a concomitant rise of
      PtcCO2 of 9.9%. The noninvasive, transcutaneous measurement of PtcO2 and PtcCO2
      is a reliable and valuable adjunct for the monitoring of the dialysis patient who
      is prone to develop hypoxemia. It is particularly useful in the very young.

PMID- 6427642
TI  - Biosynthesis and role of arachidonic acid metabolites in glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6427643
TI  - Symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - 15 episodes of symptomatic urinary tract infection are described in 11 patients
      on maintenance hemodialysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by clean-catch or simple
      voided urine samples where possible, urethral catheterization and bladder washout
      being used only in anuric patients. Treatment with oral antibiotics proved
      successful in 13 episodes but 2 patients with polycystic kidneys were admitted to
      hospital for intravenous therapy. Urinary tract infections are common in dialysis
      patients including those who are anuric, and patients with polycystic kidneys
      have an increased risk of serious complications.

PMID- 6427644
TI  - [Dynamic rheoencephalographic studies using nitroglycerin test in patients with
      ischemic stroke].
AB  - Dynamic rheoencephalographic investigations with nitroglycerin test were carried
      out in 32 patients with ischaemic strokes in the carotid vascularization area
      during the first two weeks after disease onset. No complications were observed.
      As a rule, nitroglycerin reduced the tonus of intracranial vessels and improved
      the blood flow to the studied areas taking place parallelly during the first two
      weeks of the disease. Vascular tonus was decreased after nitroglycerin more in
      the cases in which this tonus was more increased initially. The dynamic
      investigations with the nitroglycerin test may be useful for selection of an
      optimal treatment.

PMID- 6427645
TI  - [Virion or prion? Reflections on the physicochemical structure of the scrapie
      agent].

PMID- 6427646
TI  - Differential gonadotropin secretion: blockade of periovulatory LH but not FSH
      secretion by a potent LHRH antagonist.
AB  - The dependence of periovulatory gonadotropin secretion on LHRH was assessed with
      the use of a potent LHRH antagonist [ ALHRH ; (Nac-L- Ala1 ,p-Cl-D-Phe2,D
      Trp3,6)LHRH]. Blood samples were collected hourly from 14.00 h proestrus (P)
      through 09.00 h estrus (E) from intact cycling female rats. ALHRH was
      administered at 09.00 or 13.00 h P before the proestrous increases in
      gonadotropins had commenced or at 23.00 h P after the LH and primary FSH surges
      had occurred but preceding the secondary FSH surge. Antagonist given at 09.00 or
      13.00 h P completely blocked the LH release with levels remaining undetectable in
      most animals (less than 30 ng/ml) throughout the sampling period. However,
      administration of antagonist at these times failed to block completely the
      primary FSH surge although peak values were reduced when compared with controls,
      which displayed normal gonadotropin surges. In addition, ALHRH administered at
      23.00 h failed to alter the magnitude or other characteristics of the secondary
      FSH surge when compared with controls. The present study demonstrates that the
      estrous surge of FSH in the rat is independent of acute hypothalamic release of
      LHRH. Furthermore, although the proestrous release of FSH is to a large extent
      LHRH dependent, our data suggest that some other mechanism may also contribute to
      this primary FSH surge.

PMID- 6427647
TI  - Age-related differences in the effect of castration upon hypothalamic LHRH
      content in male rats.
AB  - Male rats aged between 15 and 75 days were orchidectomized or only anesthetized.
      After various periods from 2 h to 42 days, 8 animals of both groups were
      sacrificed. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LHRH) content were determined by radioimmunoassay. At the
      times studied within 15 days of castration, no significant change in hypothalamic
      LHRH content was observed in rats orchidectomized at 21 days of age. However,
      when studied 3-6 weeks after castration, those animals showed a reduced
      hypothalamic LHRH content. No differences were observed between anesthetized and
      orchidectomized rats aged 15, 18 or 21 days and studied 1 week later. In
      contrast, castration of 75-day-old rats resulted in a significant reduction of
      the hypothalamic LHRH content after 2-15 days. A significant decrease was also
      observed 1 week after orchidectomy of rats aged 24-50 days. 1 day after
      orchidectomy, LH and FSH serum levels were markedly increased in 21- as well as
      75-day-old rats. In the latter, serum LH concentrations did not change any
      further whereas in the former a plateau was only seen after 1 week. In rats
      orchidectomized at various ages ranging from 15 to 50 days, no consistent
      differences appeared in serum gonadotropin concentrations evaluated 7 days later.
      According to these data, variations in hypothalamic LHRH content after
      orchidectomy differ according to age and maturity. In 15- to 21-day-old rats, the
      age-related increase in hypothalamic LHRH content was not immediately affected by
      castration as it was in older animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427648
TI  - Sensorimotor impairment and elevated levels of dopamine metabolites in the
      neostriatum occur rapidly after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine or
      gamma-hydroxybutyrate in awake rats.
AB  - The unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (8 micrograms) into the ventral
      tegmental area of awake rats produced a rapidly developing and irreversible
      sensory neglect to contralateral tactile stimuli. This neglect developed in a
      caudal to rostral direction on the affected body surface and coincided with
      significant elevation in the concentrations of dopamine and two of its
      metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in
      the ipsilateral neostriatum. The unilateral injection of procaine or gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) into the substantia nigra of awake animals also
      produced a contralateral neglect that developed in a caudal to rostral direction,
      but the behavioral effect of these drugs diminished within 1 hr. Concentrations
      of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the neostriatum
      were markedly elevated during continuous infusions of procaine or gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid. The extent of sensory neglect and changes in dopamine
      metabolism in the neostriatum varied according to the amount of gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid injected into the nigra and according to the proximity of
      injections of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid to the pars compacta. The rapid onset of
      sensory neglect following microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine, procaine or gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid is consistent with the ability of each of these drugs to
      block the conduction of impulses in mesostriatal neurons and suggests that
      concomitant increases in levels of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and
      homovanillic acid in the neostriatum resulted from decreases in the release of
      dopamine coupled with increased synthesis of dopamine. These findings also
      indicate that the catabolism of dopamine to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or
      homovanillic acid may originate intraneuronally, without prior release of
      dopamine and its recapture by mesostriatal terminals, if the flow of impulses in
      this pathway has been blocked.

PMID- 6427649
TI  - Inhibition by sodium valproate of the transport of GABA through the Deiters'
      neurone plasma membrane.
AB  - The transport of GABA through the microdissected plasma membrane Deiters' neurone
      reflects the physiological event of postsynaptic uptake of GABA by its uptake
      carrier. Sodium valproate at concentrations greater than or equal to 2.4 mM was
      able to decrease markedly (57%) such a transport. This effect, which reduces the
      efficiency of the GABA postsynaptic inactivation process, might be a mechanism
      for the potentiation by valproate of the synaptic action of GABA.

PMID- 6427650
TI  - Calcium chelators enhance the efflux of taurine from brain slices.
AB  - Efflux of exogenous [3H]taurine from superfused slices of cerebral cortex of rat
      was enhanced by the calcium chelators EDTA and EGTA and by large concentrations
      of unlabelled taurine and histidine. The enhancement by EDTA and EGTA could be
      totally blocked by excess calcium, but that by the amino acids only partially.
      The enhancement of spontaneous taurine release in the absence of calcium
      complicates the assessment of the calcium dependence of evoked taurine release.

PMID- 6427651
TI  - Fluvoxamine influences serotonergic system in the brain: neurochemical evidence.
AB  - The effects of a relatively new antidepressant drug, fluvoxamine, were compared
      with those produced by chlorimipramine on the 5-hydroxytryptamine system in rat
      brain. Daily treatment with fluvoxamine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and an equivalent dose
      of chlorimipramine (28 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days reduced (3H)5-hydroxytryptamine
      uptake by crude synaptosomes (P2 pellet) of brain to 56 and 45%, respectively,
      but produced no change in midbrain monoamine oxidase activity. Repeated
      administration of these drugs significantly decreased tryptophan hydroxylase
      activity as well as tryptophan level in the midbrain region. The concentration of
      5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid also was lowered in several discrete areas of the
      brain, but no change was seen in the endogenous levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine.
      Our data suggest that fluvoxamine, like chlorimipramine, is a potent inhibitor of
      5-hydroxytryptamine uptake. Unlike tricyclic antidepressants, fluvoxamine does
      not seem to produce any sedation in animals, which was evidenced by no
      significant change in spontaneous locomotor activity.

PMID- 6427652
TI  - Face touching in monkeys, apes and man evolutionary origins and cerebral
      asymmetry.
AB  - The evolution of face touching, i.e. the use of the hand to touch the
      individual's own face, was studied in monkeys, apes and man with the object of
      examining which hand is used and which part of the face is touched. Monkeys show
      little if any face touching. Gorillas, orang- utans and chimpanzees show face
      touching comparable to man. Left-hand face touching was superior to right-hand
      touching for both apes and humans. One feature which distinguished humans from
      other apes was the frequency of chin touching, which is generally high for man.
      It has been suggested that emotions are expressed more intensely on the left side
      of the face and it was thought that the left hand is used by the right hemisphere
      as a special pointer to heighten the effect of this.

PMID- 6427653
TI  - Parotid tumors.

PMID- 6427654
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid bruit: a review.

PMID- 6427655
TI  - Case for diagnosis.

PMID- 6427656
TI  - The causes of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat
      casualty care research.

PMID- 6427657
TI  - Current concepts in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human
      ectoparasites.

PMID- 6427658
TI  - Battle stress reaction and the United States Army.

PMID- 6427659
TI  - Prison medical services.

PMID- 6427660
TI  - Diabetes teaching follow-up compliance: a quality assurance evaluation.

PMID- 6427661
TI  - Forensic issues in military emergency psychiatry.

PMID- 6427662
TI  - Hepatic injury complicating sulfa therapy: case report.

PMID- 6427663
TI  - Health risk assessment for worldwide deployment of Air Force personnel.

PMID- 6427664
TI  - In utero management of fetal urinary tract obstruction: case report.

PMID- 6427665
TI  - Anxiety as a factor in the incidence of combat cold injury: a review.

PMID- 6427666
TI  - GABHS infective endocarditis: case report.

PMID- 6427667
TI  - Field evaluation of a new simplified method for cooling of heat casualties in the
      desert.

PMID- 6427668
TI  - Conservative management of sand aspiration: case report.

PMID- 6427669
TI  - Strategic planning: military medicine in the eighties.

PMID- 6427670
TI  - Blood storage and transport in the field using a portable thermoelectric
      refrigerator: assessment of potential use.

PMID- 6427671
TI  - Medicine and the Revolution.

PMID- 6427672
TI  - A specific military installation for treatment of combat reactions during the war
      in Lebanon.

PMID- 6427673
TI  - Influenza-like syndrome following typhoid immunization.

PMID- 6427674
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in patient care planning.

PMID- 6427675
TI  - Child abuse and neglect reports in the United States Army Central Registry.

PMID- 6427676
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: Naval Hospital Bethesda experience.

PMID- 6427677
TI  - Single-dose amoxicillin therapy of urinary tract infection among an unselected
      population of women.

PMID- 6427678
TI  - "Lithiasis" of the tricuspid valve associated with superior vena caval thrombosis
      and a LeVeen shunt: case report.

PMID- 6427679
TI  - Acute pediatric otomastoiditis: a review.

PMID- 6427680
TI  - Suppurative thrombarteritis as a complication of arterial cannulation: case
      report.

PMID- 6427681
TI  - Better patient compliance through effective instructional planning.

PMID- 6427682
TI  - Fentanyl citrate abuse among health care professionals.

PMID- 6427683
TI  - A note on combat casualty statistics.

PMID- 6427684
TI  - The post-traumatic stress disorders of combat: a subgroup with a conditioned
      emotional response.

PMID- 6427685
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in siblings: case reports.

PMID- 6427686
TI  - Thumb reconstruction in the era of microsurgery: case reports.

PMID- 6427687
TI  - Renal adenocarcinoma: results of radical nephrectomy in 81 patients.

PMID- 6427688
TI  - Financial impact of a pharmacist-managed medication refill clinic.

PMID- 6427689
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning, the clinical entity and its treatment: a review.

PMID- 6427691
TI  - Perceptions of the head nurse role: role conflict and role ambiguity.

PMID- 6427690
TI  - Changes in hepatitis morbidity in the United States Army, Europe.

PMID- 6427693
TI  - Practical training in the management of psychiatric combat casualties.

PMID- 6427692
TI  - Sexual reassignment surgery and the military: case reports.

PMID- 6427694
TI  - Hodgkin's lymphoma in a child with cartilage-hair hypoplasia: case report.

PMID- 6427695
TI  - Neurolemmoma of the retroperitoneum: case report.

PMID- 6427696
TI  - The care and feeding of your medical file.

PMID- 6427697
TI  - [Placebos in the therapy of angina pectoris].

PMID- 6427698
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiologic findings in a group of patients with acute viral
      hepatitis].
AB  - Certain clinical and epidemiological findings among 2262 AVH patients are
      reported. The patients were all admitted to the A. di Savoia Hospital for
      Infectious Diseases in Turin over a two-year period.

PMID- 6427699
TI  - [Epidemiology of cerebral gliomas].
AB  - In the present review the results of the main epidemiologic studies on cerebral
      gliomas are reported. Various characteristics of patients, i.e. endogenous
      factors including age, sex, familiarity and constitutional factors, and exogenous
      factors including perinatal and infectious diseases, trauma and geographic and
      environmental findings, are considered in turn.

PMID- 6427700
TI  - [Clinical aspects and surgical therapy of cerebral gliomas].
AB  - The Authors describe the clinical symptoms of malignant brain tumors emphasizing
      the relationship to raised intracranial pressure and to their different
      localizations. Problems involved in surgical therapy are described stating the
      limits and aims of conventional oncologic neurosurgery. The need for adequate pre
      and post-operative support therapy is discussed including peritumoral brain edema
      therapy.

PMID- 6427701
TI  - [Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and supportive therapy in cerebral metastases].
AB  - When a malignant tumor spreads to the brain, its concurrent growth outside of the
      Central Nervous System (CNS) and the devastating effects of cerebral metastases
      offset often all therapeutic attempts. The disappointing results commonly
      achieved in the management of intracranial metastases are only partly explained
      by the low efficacy of available therapeutic modalities. Support therapy plays
      the major role in the management of patients harboring cerebral metastases.
      Corticosteroids and osmotic agents can rapidly improve neurological symptoms,
      allowing a rapid, even if frequently brief, amelioration of the quality of life.
      Immunotherapy cannot be considered as an effective therapeutic tool for
      metastatic brain tumors. For many years chemotherapy has been thought inadequate
      treatment for both controlling the growth of metastases and improving
      neurological impairment . However the new concepts of multimodality therapy of
      primary CNS tumors seem to be applicable even to intracranial metastases. In
      combination with corticosteroids and radiation therapy, nitrosourea compounds
      (BCNU and CCNU) proved to be effective in more than 1/3 of patients in prolonging
      survival. New possibilities of improving available results are expected from new
      antiproliferative drugs (cisplatin) and from new modalities of administering
      conventional cytotoxic agents (intra-arterial route).

PMID- 6427702
TI  - Serotyping of meningococci by coagglutination with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Treatment of agar-grown meningococci with dilute hydrochloric acid and suspension
      in saline after washing gave a preparation suitable for meningococcal serotyping
      by staphylococcal coagglutination with monoclonal antibodies. The monoclonal
      antibodies available for use and attached to protein A on the staphylococci were
      directed against the serotype protein antigens 2a, 2b (class 2), 15 (class 3) and
      the subtype protein antigens P1. 2 and P1. 16 (class 1). Ninety per cent of
      systemic strains and thirty-four per cent of a collection of carrier isolates,
      both from Norway late 1981/early 1982, were typable. The serotype antigen 15
      alone or in combination with P1. 16 or P1. 16 alone were detected in about 85 per
      cent of the systemic strains. The quality of the whole-cell meningococcal antigen
      was important for the test to be easily read.

PMID- 6427703
TI  - Meningococcal group B vaccine trial in Norway 1981--1982. Preliminary report of
      results available November 1982.
AB  - A combined serogroup B capsular polysaccharide and serotype 2a outer membrane
      complex meningococcal vaccine and a placebo preparation were tested double
      blindly in 55 adult, male volunteers. The vaccine gave twofold increased binding
      antibodies, measured by ELISA, against non-capsular outer membrane antigen in 85
      per cent of those vaccinated. Bactericidal antibodies towards a meningococcal
      serogroup C serotype 2a strain also increased fourfold or more among 85%
      vaccinated. New acquisition of meningococcal carriage was associated with
      antibody increase in one person from the placebo group.

PMID- 6427704
TI  - An ELISA study of the antibody response after vaccination with a combined
      meningococcal group B polysaccharide and serotype 2 outer membrane protein
      vaccine.
AB  - The antibody response of a group of adult volunteers given a combined
      meningococcal group B polysaccharide and serotype 2 outer membrane protein
      vaccine, has been studied by the ELISA technique. The antigen was an outer
      membrane preparation from a non-capsular strain of Neisseria meningitidis (the
      vaccine strain). The vaccination was performed as a double-blind experiment where
      one group of 27 persons was given the vaccine and a similar group of 28 persons
      was given a placebo. In addition, five volunteers from the laboratory staff were
      given the vaccine. Two weeks after the primary vaccination, 31 of the 32
      vaccinated persons demonstrated a significant increase of specific IgG
      antibodies. The number with significant IgA and IgM increase was 21 and 12,
      respectively. A booster effect after revaccination four weeks later was found in
      18 persons for IgG, in 10 for IgA and in one for IgM. Twenty-five weeks after the
      primary vaccination the ELISA values were significantly reduced, mostly for IgM
      antibodies. The mean values for IgG, IgM and IgA were then 150%, 130% and 110%,
      respectively, of the values before vaccination. A new way of analysing the data
      has also been tried for IgG determination. Instead of comparing OD values, we
      calculate the expression: B = D/2 . In(1 + OD/A)/(1-OD/A), where A is an
      experimental constant and D is the serum dilution. B then becomes linearly
      proportional to the antibody concentration. This way of expressing the results
      shows the geometric mean IgG titer 25 weeks after vaccination to be three times
      higher for the vaccinated than for the placebo group.

PMID- 6427705
TI  - Untreated meningococcemia in two siblings.
AB  - In September 1982 two siblings were admitted to hospital within a few days of
      each other, with almost identical symptoms of meningococcemia. One of them had
      been discharged from hospital four days previously, fully treated to
      meningococcal meningitis. Two systemic meningococcal isolates and nasopharyngeal
      meningococci from patient No 1 were B:15:P1. 16 strains as well as one
      nasopharyngeal isolate from patient No 2. One nasopharyngeal isolate from the
      father was a non-encapsulated 15:P1. 16 strain. The two systemic isolates were
      clearly different with respect to the class 5 outer membrane protein(s); the
      second closely resembled the various nasopharyngeal isolates, all of which were
      identical. Only the two patients mounted detectable bactericidal antibody
      activity as measured by using human complement. Convalescent serum from patient
      No 1 after the second episode was bactericidal against the first but not the
      second isolate. No differences among patients and parents were found by measuring
      opsonizing activity. The clinical picture and the laboratory results seem to
      indicate that both children, one after a treated meningitis episode, had benign
      meningococcemia which subsequently ran its course untreated and without
      complications.

PMID- 6427706
TI  - The diagnosis of meningococcal disease by culture. Some points of practical
      importance.
AB  - Meningococcal disease has been a serious problem in Norway for nearly a decade. A
      nation-wide study of this disease revealed that almost 40% of all cases in
      clinical practice remained without a microbiological diagnosis. In the hope that
      this situation can be improved, a brief review is given of information available
      in the literature concerning collection and handling of microbiological specimens
      from patients with possible systemic meningococcal disease.

PMID- 6427707
TI  - Components of total parenteral nutrition solutions.

PMID- 6427708
TI  - Reimbursement.

PMID- 6427709
TI  - Is filtration cost-effective in routine I.V. therapy?

PMID- 6427710
TI  - Facilitation of inspiration by intracerebroventricular injection of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone in rabbits.
AB  - Effects of fourth cerebroventricular injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) on respiration were studied in vagotomized rabbits. Phrenic neural activity
      was recorded and integrated. TRH (1.0 microgram) injection facilitated phrenic
      neural activity and increased respiratory rate. Peak phrenic nerve activity
      increased slightly or showed no apparent changes when tonic activity appeared.
      Tidal phrenic neural activity either increased or decreased, depending on
      relations between peak phrenic activity and tonic activity. Results suggest that
      TRH facilitates central respiratory activity to induce tonic activity and
      increase respiratory rate.

PMID- 6427711
TI  - Mesencephalic and diencephalic cobalt-lysine injections in an elasmobranch:
      evidence for two parallel electrosensory pathways.
AB  - Iontophoretic injections of cobaltous lysine have revealed a direct projection
      from the electroreceptive lateral mesencephalic nucleus to the ipsilateral
      diencephalic posterior lateral nucleus in the thornback ray, Platyrhinoidis
      triseriata. Since it is known that the latter nucleus projects to the
      contralateral pallium, this completes the anatomical description of an
      electrosensory pathway from receptors to telencephalon in an elasmobranch. In
      addition, diencephalic injections into the electroreceptive anterior nucleus
      indicate there is a second, parallel electrosensory system which projects to the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 6427712
TI  - Evidence for excitatory and depressant non-receptor-mediated membrane effects of
      benzodiazepines in the crayfish.
AB  - Oxazepam produced a significant reversible monophasic concentration-dependent (50
      500 mumol/l) depression of stretch-induced discharge frequency of the isolated
      crayfish sensory neuron. In total contrast, flurazepam (10-200 mumol/l) evoked
      reversible excitation of the neuronal firing rate but at concentrations greater
      than 300 mumol/l it induced transient excitation followed by secondary total
      depression. The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazepil (less than or equal to 1
      mmol/l) also produced an inherent increase in neuronal discharge frequency,
      though respective concentrations of 50 and 100 mumol/l failed to block flurazepam
      excitation or oxazepam-depression. It is suggested that these high concentration
      qualitatively divergent neuronal effects are not mediated through specific
      benzodiazepine receptors.

PMID- 6427713
TI  - Brain carbonic anhydrase activity in rats in experimental hepatogenic
      encephalopathy.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was measured in the brains of rats subjected to
      repeated administration of thioacetamide (TAA), known to produce symptoms of
      hepatogenic encephalopathy (HE). In the early phase of the experiment, an
      increase of the enzyme activity was observed, which correlated well with elevated
      blood ammonia, while the brain ammonia remained unchanged. Prolonged TAA
      treatment resulted in the cessation of the activation of CA coinciding with the
      increase of brain ammonia above control levels. The results, in addition to
      supporting the idea that CA participates in ammonia detoxication in brain, may
      also indicate that the enhancement of the enzyme activity represents an
      adaptation mechanism to the increased ammonia load during HE.

PMID- 6427714
TI  - Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein lipids: a prospective study.
AB  - One hundred sixty-nine healthy women, aged 17 to 29 years, nonsmokers or light
      smokers (fewer than ten cigarettes per day), were assigned randomly to take one
      of five oral contraceptives: 1) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 0.5 mg ethynodiol
      diacetate (100 M + 0.5 ED); 2) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol
      diacetate (100 M + 1.0 ED); 3) 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 1.0 mg
      ethynodiol diacetate (50 EE + 1.0 ED); 4) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus
      2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (30 EE + 2.0 ED); or 5) 30 micrograms ethinyl
      estradiol plus 0.15 mg levonorgestrel (30 EE + 0.15 NG). One hundred forty-seven
      women completed the study. When assessed for within-group differences, all
      preparation caused a statistically significant increase in total triglyceride
      (from 17.0 to 46.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (from 6.3 to 24.4 mg/dL), and low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from 7.0 to 10.3 mg/dL). Effects on high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol varied widely. The product 100 M + 0.5 ED
      markedly increased (9.9 mg/dL) HDL cholesterol. Neither 100 M + 1.0 ED nor 50 EE
      + 1.0 ED altered HDL cholesterol levels, whereas both preparations containing 30
      micrograms estrogen showed decreases: the preparation containing 2.0 mg
      ethynodiol diacetate lowered HDL cholesterol by 3.6 mg/dL and that containing
      0.15 mg levonorgestrel lowered it by 6.9 mg/dL. Specific between-group
      comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences between differing
      amounts of estrogen (50 EE + 1.0 ED versus 100 M + 1.0 ED).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427715
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia: comparison of thyrotropic-releasing hormone and tomography.
AB  - A group of 95 women with unexplained hyperprolactinemia (over 20 ng/mL) underwent
      radiologic examination of the sella turcica with hypocycloidal polytomography (N
      = 58), computed axial tomography (N = 8), or both (N = 29). All patients also
      underwent a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test, with serum
      prolactin (PRL) measurement before and 20 and 30 minutes after a 500-micrograms
      intravenous bolus of TRH. Their PRL responses were compared with those of two
      control groups, nine normal women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle,
      and 13 women in the first five months of gestation with pregnancy-related
      hyperprolactinemia. Both control groups exhibited PRL increases with 95%
      confidence limits at least 200% above baseline levels. In all, 12 patients from
      the study group also had a normal PRL response (more than a 200% increase) to
      TRH, and none of these women had tomographic findings consistent with a pituitary
      tumor. The remaining 83 women all had diminished or absent PRL increases after
      TRH administration; 46 (55%) of these patients had radiographic evidence of an
      adenoma, whereas 37 (45%) had no clear signs of a tumor on either polytomography
      or computed axial tomography. No patient with a baseline PRL level in excess of
      60 ng/mL had a normal PRL response to TRH. The results of the study indicate that
      1) in patients with PRL between 20 and 60 ng/mL, a normal TRH test can be relied
      upon to avoid the expense and radiation of tomography (computed axial tomography
      or polytomography), 2) there is no benefit to be obtained in performing a TRH
      test in patients with a baseline PRL level over 60 ng/mL, and 3) about 45% of
      patients with hyperprolactinemia and an abnormal TRH test have a normal computed
      tomography or polytomography. These patients may have a small adenoma, and thus
      warrant closer follow-up than patients with a normal TRH test.

PMID- 6427716
TI  - Combined pregnancy after gonadotropin therapy.
AB  - Three cases of combined pregnancy are described after gonadotropin therapy; two
      cases after human pituitary gonadotropin and one after human menopausal
      gonadotropin administration. In each case the intrauterine gestation was a
      multiple pregnancy. After salpingectomy, two of the women have proceeded to the
      delivery of healthy infants; the third woman aborted. In each case the
      gonadotropin stimulation regimen was ceased at the appropriate stage when the
      estriol excretion was between 60 and 125 micrograms/day, but the subsequent rate
      of rise of estriol was 2.3- to 3.2-fold during the coasting phase before the
      human chorionic gonadotropin trigger when the estriol excretion rate was 140 to
      350 micrograms/day.

PMID- 6427717
TI  - Pushing workers into HMOs may not prove cost-effective.

PMID- 6427718
TI  - [Cell population kinetics of DMBA-induced tongue carcinogenesis in hamsters].

PMID- 6427719
TI  - Liposarcoma: patterns of tumor differentiation following induction chemotherapy.
AB  - This report describes the clinical and pathological features and evolution of 2
      cases of locally advanced undifferentiated liposarcoma. In each case, a tumor
      differentiation was noted after induction chemotherapy, which otherwise
      determined in both patient a dramatic tumor response. This may be explained by
      heterogenicity of the primary tumors, which may include several cell contingents
      with different responses to chemotherapy. This constitutes a potential impediment
      to the efficacy of induction or adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 6427720
TI  - Tumor-associated antigen of spontaneous mammary tumor in rats.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to detect the spontaneous mammary tumor
      associated antigen ( MTAA ), and to find the cross-reacting antigen in chemically
      induced mammary tumor. The antisera against spontaneous mammary tumor were raised
      in the WAF1 rats of the same strain and tested for the detection of tumor
      associated soluble antigen of mammary tumor induced by N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU)
      and N-butylnitrosourea ( BNU ). The MTAA was found in the extract of spontaneous
      mammary tumor by the double immunodiffusion test, while it was not found in the
      extract of normal and fetal tissues, hyperplastic mammary gland, spontaneous
      fibroadenoma, and chemically-induced mammary tumor. On the other hand, the MTAA
      was not detected in the other types of tumors induced by ENU or BNU , i.e.
      gastric cancer, intestinal tumor, brain tumor, kidney tumor, bladder tumor,
      hemangioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or leukemia. The spontaneous MTAA could not be
      detected in the spontaneous mammary tumor of C3H mice or human breast cancer
      either. The MTAA was extracted effectively by 3 M KC1. Furthermore, the MTAA was
      found in the cytoplasm of continuous established mammary tumor cell line ( SpMT 
      1) by the immunofluorescence test.

PMID- 6427721
TI  - Experimental induction of oral squamous cell carcinomas in mice with 4
      nitroquinolone-1-oxide.
AB  - The oral mucosa of mice is resistant to the action of a variety of carcinogens.
      In this study, the water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was
      applied repeatedly to the palates of male CBA mice for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, or 16
      weeks, and the animals were observed for the remainder of the 50-week
      experimental period. Oral epithelial atypia and squamous cell carcinoma were
      observed with increasing prevalence as the period of carcinogen exposure was
      increased. Carcinomas developed by 50 weeks in all animals that received 4NQO for
      16 weeks.

PMID- 6427722
TI  - Magnetic x-ray collimator (MXC).
AB  - The magnetic x-ray collimator ( MXC ) is proposed as a replacement for the
      standard x-ray cylinder with a visual display permitting operator alignment and
      collimation of the beam to approximately the size of the film, thereby allowing a
      67% reduction in the area of the patient's face that is irradiated.

PMID- 6427723
TI  - Ethics Committees in Hospitals: Alternative Structures and Responsibilities.

PMID- 6427724
TI  - Changes in patient attitudes following the implementation of a medical
      information system.

PMID- 6427725
TI  - Credentialing versus performance--a new look at old problems.

PMID- 6427726
TI  - Compliance with JCAH standards: national findings from 1982 surveys.

PMID- 6427727
TI  - Quality assurance in a clinical pharmacy program.

PMID- 6427728
TI  - DRG committee helps UR and QA efforts.

PMID- 6427729
TI  - Taking the problems out of minutes.

PMID- 6427730
TI  - Patient/resident care management and quality assurance.

PMID- 6427731
TI  - Monitoring decubitus ulcers: a monthly survey method.

PMID- 6427732
TI  - Nursing quality assurance study of code blue drills.

PMID- 6427733
TI  - Quality assessment in the emergency room of a small, rural hospital.

PMID- 6427734
TI  - Timeliness of care in the emergency department.

PMID- 6427735
TI  - Methods of systematic analysis: the relative superiority of phylogenetic
      systematics.
AB  - The superiority of cladistic methods to both synthetic and phenetic methods is
      briefly advanced and reviewed. Cladistics creates testable hypotheses of
      phylogeny that also give a highly informative summary of available data. Thus it
      best fits the criteria for a method for determining the general reference
      classification in biology. For protistologists in particular, cladistics is
      especially useful. Inundated by an abundance of ultrastructural, biochemical, and
      cell biological information, protistologists could be greatly helped by the
      informative way in which cladistics orders and summarizes the data. In addition
      to classifying protist taxa, hypotheses about the evolution of cell organelles
      and cellular could be scientifically formulated and tested by cladistics .
      Because cladistic classifications best summarize the data, they would also be
      best for making predictions about taxa and characters. They would, for the same
      reason, be the most stable. Widespread adoption of cladistic methods would serve
      to stabilize the now fluid state of protist taxonomy. It is for all of these
      reasons that such methods best suit the needs of the evolutionary protistologist
      .

PMID- 6427736
TI  - [Hepatitis caused by maternal infection in 3 infants of one family (possibilities
      and significance of maternal hepatitis infection].

PMID- 6427738
TI  - Annual meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
      Inc. Las Vegas, Nevada, September 16-20, 1984. 1984 instruction course program.

PMID- 6427737
TI  - Cost effectiveness in a hospital contact lens department.
AB  - Given the shortage of resources in the NHS clinicians are increasingly being
      asked to search for more cost-effective treatment strategies. This requires
      consideration not only of the cost consequences to the NHS but also the impact on
      quality of care and patients' costs. This paper reports two studies of the cost
      effectiveness of alternative practices within a contact lens department. They
      show that, for the hospital concerned, both the internal production of, and more
      extensive stocking of, lenses are cost-effective strategies. Moreover it is
      argued that cost-effectiveness analysis might have wider applications within
      ophthalmology as a whole.

PMID- 6427739
TI  - DRGs--a perspective for physicians.

PMID- 6427740
TI  - Diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - In the past decade, considerable advances have occurred in our understanding of
      the pathophysiology of this disorder, its metabolic sequelae, and its management,
      particularly with respect to continuous low-dose insulin infusion and the
      potential benefits of phosphate. This article reviews these advances as they
      pertain to children.

PMID- 6427741
TI  - Thyroid function in juvenile diabetes.
AB  - This article reviews our current knowledge on the effects of diabetes mellitus on
      thyroid function at the level of the pituitary-thyroid-peripheral tissue axis and
      attempts to determine its clinical importance.

PMID- 6427742
TI  - Pancreas transplantation.
AB  - Clinical pancreas transplantation is a procedure being applied with increasing
      effectiveness for the treatment of diabetes. The authors examine, through the
      Pancreas Transplant Registry, all known cases of islet transplantation since 1970
      and all pancreas transplantation since 1977 and then summarize their own work on
      pancreas transplants at the University of Minnesota.

PMID- 6427743
TI  - Congenital spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Morphological and biochemical
      examination of skeletal tissue in an unusual case of this disorder.
AB  - This report deals with an unusual case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, where the
      diagnosis was suspected clinically and radiologically and where cartilage and
      osseocartilaginous specimens were taken for ultrastructural and biochemical
      analyses. Unlike cases described previously the electron microscopic studies of
      chondrocytes showed dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The
      dilated cisternae contained an amorphous substance, and the picture is suggestive
      of a metabolic disturbance. The results of the biochemical analyses were within
      the normal range and did not indicate storage of glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 6427744
TI  - Fat digestion in the stomach: stability of lingual lipase in the gastric
      environment.
AB  - Digestion of dietary fat starts in the stomach, where lingual lipase hydrolyzes
      triglycerides to free fatty acids and partial glycerides at pH 3.0-6.0. Lingual
      lipase is secreted continuously from lingual serous glands and accumulates in the
      stomach between meals, when gastric pH is less than 3.0. We have, therefore,
      examined the resistance of lingual lipase to low pH and its possible protection
      by dietary components present in the stomach contents. Partially purified rat
      lingual lipase (7-15 micrograms enzyme protein) was preincubated at 37 degrees C
      for 10-60 min at pH 1.0-6.0 before incubation for assay of lipolytic activity,
      hydrolysis of tri-[3H]olein at pH 5.4. The data show that partially purified rat
      lingual lipase preparations are stable at 37 degrees C in the pH range of 2.5
      6.0. Enzyme activity, however, is rapidly and irreversibly lost during
      preincubation at pH 1.0-2.4 for 10-30 min. Protein (gelatin 1% or albumin 1% or
      2.5%) cannot prevent the inactivation of lingual lipase at low pH. The large
      molecular species (molecular weight greater than 500,000) of lingual lipase
      (thought to be an aggregate of enzyme with lipids) is slightly more resistant to
      inactivation than the 46,000 dalton preparation, suggesting that lipids might
      protect the enzyme from inactivation. Indeed, about 60% of the initial lipase
      activity is preserved during incubation at pH 2.0 in the presence of 50 mM
      lecithin or 10 mM triolein. The data indicate that triglycerides which are
      hydrolyzed by this enzyme as well as phospholipids that are not hydrolyzed can
      prevent the inactivation of the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427745
TI  - Effect of different total parenteral nutrition fuel mixes on the body composition
      of infant miniature pigs.
AB  - At 10 d of age miniature pigs were randomized to receive either of two total
      parenteral nutrition fuel mixes; oral feedings were discontinued. Both groups
      received 170 kcal X kg-1 X d-1 and 11 g X kg-1 X d-1 of synthetic amino acids.
      Nonprotein energy was supplied as glucose in group A, whereas in group B, it was
      divided equally between glucose and fat. Blood samples were drawn on the second
      and eighth postoperative days for hematologic, biochemical, and hormonal
      measurements. On the ninth postoperative day, total body water was determined and
      the animals were killed for carcass analysis. The animals tolerated the
      intravenous nutrition without ill effects as indicated by both clinical and
      biochemical parameters. Group A had significantly elevated levels of insulin and
      a higher insulin/glucagon ratio than group B. Cortisol levels did not differ
      significantly between groups. Total body fat, nitrogen, ash, K, Na, Cl, Ca, and P
      were similar between groups. TBW was significantly greater in group A compared
      with group B. Extracellular space calculated from body Cl and plasma Cl was
      similar between groups.

PMID- 6427746
TI  - A comparison between electrical impedance and strain gauge plethysmography for
      the study of cerebral blood flow in the newborn.
AB  - This study investigates the possibility of using pulsatile transcephalic
      impedance changes, delta Z, for the continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow,
      CBF, in the sick newborn infant. The performance of the impedance method is
      compared with the measurement of cranial flow, Fc, using a strain gauge for
      detecting the predicted changes in cerebral blood flow when the baby breathes 2%
      CO2 in air, or O2. In all five studies in which measurements were compared in air
      and CO2 the expected increases in Fc and delta Z were seen. In six of seven
      studies comparing measurements in air and O2 the expected fall in the variables
      was seen, indicating reduced cerebral blood flow. The problems of both these
      methods are discussed and we conclude that the impedance method is as good as the
      strain gauge method for detecting changes in cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 6427747
TI  - Partial deficiency of glycoprotein neuraminidase in some patients with Morquio
      disease type A.
AB  - A deficiency of glycoprotein neuraminidase (sialidase, acylneuraminyl hydrolase,
      EC 3.2.1.18) activity was found in fibroblasts from a patient with the clinical
      symptoms of Morquio disease type A (mucopolysaccharidosis IV A). Residual
      neuraminidase activity was about 5% of the mean normal activity. N
      Acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate (GalNAc-6-S) sulfatase activity was reduced to less
      than 1% of normal with a pH-optimum of 3.0 as expected for the severe form of
      Morquio disease. In peripheral leucocytes of the patient, however, neuraminidase
      activity but not Ga1NAc-6-S sulfatase activity was in the normal range. Mixing
      experiments excluded the presence of excessive amounts of inhibitors of
      neuraminidase activity.

PMID- 6427748
TI  - Retinal and choroidal blood flows in hypoxic and hypercarbic newborn lambs.
AB  - We studied the effect of changes in the arterial tensions of oxygen and carbon
      dioxide on blood flow to the retinal (RBF) and choroidal ( ChBF ) capillary beds
      in 20 lambs. One to three days after placement of catheters in the left
      ventricle, abdominal aorta, and brachiocephalic artery, different gas mixtures
      were delivered to a bag enclosing the lamb's head. One group of lambs was studied
      at normal and low oxygen tensions while normocarbic , and another group was
      studied at normal and high carbon dioxide tensions while normoxic. RBF and ChBF
      were measured using the radioactive microsphere technique. RBF increased as PaO2
      and, thus, arterial oxygen content [( O2]a) fell; in contrast, ChBF was not
      related to [O2]a. Oxygen delivery to the capillary bed of the retinal artery
      (i.e., RBF X [O2]a) was independent of arterial oxygen content because the change
      in [O2]a was balanced by a reciprocal change in RBF. Oxygen delivery to the
      choroidal capillary bed, however, rose with [O2]a because there was no reciprocal
      decrease in ChBF . Both RBF and ChBF increase as arterial carbon dioxide tension
      rose. Although an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension produced an
      increase in RBF with no change in [O2]a, oxygen delivery to the retinal
      capillaries rose. Similarly, oxygen delivery to the capillaries of the choroid
      rose with carbon dioxide tension. Oxygenation of retinal tissue, which depends on
      oxygen diffusion from both the retinal and choroidal capillary beds, may change
      with variations in arterial oxygen content (increase in oxygen delivered to the
      choroidal capillary bed) or arterial carbon dioxide tension (increase in oxygen
      delivered to both the retinal and choroidal capillary beds).

PMID- 6427749
TI  - Unstable diabetes and unstable families: a psychosocial evaluation of diabetic
      children with recurrent ketoacidosis.
AB  - To investigate the physical and psychological factors associated with labile
      diabetic control, 30 children and adolescents with recurrent diabetic
      ketoacidosis were included in a retrospective longitudinal review covering an 8
      year period. The details of the ketoacidosis episodes and the psychosocial
      characteristics of the patient and his family were summarized from the medical
      record. Only a minority of the ketoacidosis episodes were overtly and solely
      related to intercurrent illness or poor compliance. A majority of the subjects
      studied lived in families with substantial psychosocial dysfunction, including
      chronic unresolved interpersonal conflict, inadequate parenting, father not in
      home, financial stress, and lack of family involvement with the diabetes. Many of
      the children displayed behavioral and personality problems. In most of these 30
      cases, there was evidence that these dysfunctions existed prior to the onset of
      diabetes. These psychosocial problems were not immediately apparent in many
      instances, thus requiring more comprehensive psychosocial assessment and
      involvement by a social worker and/or a psychologist. Ongoing emotional support
      and counseling were instrumental in reversing the pattern of recurrent
      ketoacidosis, in coordination with care by all members of the diabetes team. The
      findings from this experience suggest that recurrent ketoacidosis warrants prompt
      evaluation from a psychosocial as well as a physical perspective.

PMID- 6427750
TI  - [Mononuclear phagocyte system and its role in protective and damaging responses
      of the macroorganism in kidney diseases in children].

PMID- 6427751
TI  - Pancreatic O2 consumption and CO2 output during secretin-induced, exocrine
      secretion from the pancreas in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - Secretin stimulates pancreatic water and CO2 excretion as well as pancreatic
      blood flow. It has been questioned whether the production (i.e. water and CO2
      excretion) is reflected in the input-output difference of nutrients. In
      pentobarbital anesthetised dogs, pancreatic exocrine secretion was stimulated by
      secretin (Karolinska), 1 U/kg injected as an i.v. bolus. Secretion was maximally
      increased at 2 min after the secretin shot and returned to a basal value at
      between 16 and 32 min after secretin. Blood flow was also maximally increased at
      2 min, but decreased to the basal value at between 8 and 16 min. O2 extraction
      first decreased (at 2 min) and then gradually increased until it was higher than
      the basal value (at 16 min) and then returned to the basal level (at 32 min). O2
      consumption increased quickly, reached a plateau, lasting from 1 to 16 min, and
      then decreased to the basal level (32 min). CO2 transfer from blood to tissue
      reached a maximum at 4 min and then decreased to the basal value (at between 16
      and 32 min). The curves for CO2 transfer from tissue to pancreatic secretion and
      for CO2 in the secretion had the same shape. It is concluded that the curve of
      production (of water and CO2 excretion) parallels the curve of O2 consumption
      fairly well. The O2 consumption curve did not correlate either with the blood
      flow curve or with the O2 extraction curve. About one quarter of the excreted CO2
      originated from pancreatic metabolism and the remaining three quarters were
      transferred from blood, through the pancreatic tissue into the
      secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6427752
TI  - A vasopressin-induced decrease in pancreatic blood flow and in pancreatic
      exocrine secretion in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - Vasopressin decreases blood flow as well as secretory flow in the pancreas. The
      question raised was whether the blood flow decrease is the determinant of the
      decrease in secretion or quite the reverse. In pentobarbital anesthetized dogs,
      secretory flow was first increased to a steady level by infusion of secretin. At
      this steady state, O2 consumption and O2 extraction were increased, while blood
      flow remained at the control level, indicating an increase in the area available
      for exchange i.e. an increase in capillary density. At increasing doses of
      vasopressin, secretory flow decreased, arterial flow decreased, and O2 extraction
      increased, while O2 consumption decreased and venous-arterial CO2 concentration
      difference was not changed. At the same time CO2 transport decreased, CO2
      concentration in the secretion was unchanged and CO2 output in the secretion was
      decreased. The decrease in blood flow was always seen about 25 s before the
      decrease in secretory flow, strongly suggesting that the decrease in blood flow
      induced the decrease in secretory flow. A higher dose of vasopressin was required
      to decrease the O2 consumption (i.e. this effect was less sensitive) than to
      increase O2 extraction. The decrease in secretory flow and the decrease in blood
      flow showed an intermediate sensitivity. So O2 consumption seems to be preserved
      at a high level by the increase in O2 extraction. It is concluded that the
      vasopressin-induced decrease in blood flow is the determinant of the decrease in
      secretory flow. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of the model for metabolic
      control of tissue oxygenation.

PMID- 6427753
TI  - The amino-acid sequence of two non-toxic mutants of diphtheria toxin: CRM45 and
      CRM197.
AB  - The amino-acid sequences of two diphtheria toxin-related, non-toxic proteins,
      CRM45 and CRM197 , were deduced from the complete sequence of their genes: tox 45
      and tox 197. CRM45 lacks the last 149 C-terminal amino-acid residues, but is
      otherwise identical to diphtheria toxin: a single C----T transition introduces an
      "ochre" (TAA) termination signal in tox 45, after the codon for threonine-386. A
      single G----A transition was also found in tox 197, leading to the substitution
      of glycine-52, present in the wild-type toxin, with glutamic acid in CRM197 .
      This aminoacid change is responsible for the loss of the NAD:EF2 ADP
      ribosyltransferase activity in CRM197 , due most probably to an alteration of the
      NAD+ binding site.

PMID- 6427754
TI  - Novel E. coli mutants deficient in biosynthesis of 5-methylaminomethyl-2
      thiouridine.
AB  - Novel E. coli mutants deficient in biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl -2
      thiouridine were isolated based on a phenotype of reduced readthrough at UAG
      codons. They define 2 new loci trmE and trmF , near 83' on the E. coli map. These
      mutants are different from strains carrying trmC mutations, which are known to
      confer a methylation deficiency in biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl -2
      thiouridine. tRNA from mutants carrying trmE or trmF mutations was shown to carry
      2-thiouridine instead of 5- methylaminomethyl -2-thiouridine. This deficiency
      affects the triplet binding properties of the mutant tRNA. Our results suggest
      that the 5- methylaminomethyl group stabilizes the basepairing of this modified
      nucleotide with G, most likely through direct interaction with the ribosomal
      binding site(s).

PMID- 6427755
TI  - Differential expression of human interferon genes.
AB  - We developed a method for quantitating closely related mRNAs by S1 mapping and
      used it to determine the levels of mRNAs for IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and various
      alpha IFNs (IFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, -alpha 6, -alpha 7, -alpha
      8 and -alpha 14) in human peripheral blood leukocytes, lymphoblastoid (Namalwa),
      HeLa and human fibroblastic cells, induced in different fashions. The ratio of
      alpha to beta IFN transcripts varied greatly, depending on the cell type. The
      levels of the individual IFN-alpha RNAs were very different: IFN-alpha 1, -alpha
      2 and -alpha 4 RNAs constituted the major fraction of the IFN-alpha transcripts
      measured. Moreover, there was a striking difference in the proportion of
      individual IFN-alpha mRNA species in different cell types. Use of different
      induction protocols did not significantly affect the proportion of IFN mRNAs. IFN
      production was not proportional to mRNA level in all cases, as lymphoblastoid
      cells induced by incubation at high density and virus-induced HeLa cells
      contained high levels of IFN-beta but produced little antiviral activity.

PMID- 6427756
TI  - [Membrane proteins and lipids of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistant
      to antibiotics].

PMID- 6427757
TI  - Intravenous nutrition.

PMID- 6427758
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in patients with pollen-induced asthma and
      the results of hyposensitization therapy with Pollinex].

PMID- 6427759
TI  - Are rectogenital chlamydial infections a marker of sexual abuse in children?
AB  - In order to examine the occurrence of chlamydial infection in sexually abused
      children, we cultured 51 abused children and 43 controls, 2 to 14.5 years of age.
      Only seven of the children were male. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the
      vagina or rectum of two abused girls, 10 and 12 years of age, at their follow-up
      examination several weeks after the suspected abuse. C. trachomatis was also
      isolated from the vaginal culture of two controls and from the throat and rectum
      of another girl enrolled as a control. The two control children with vaginal
      infection were sisters, 7 and 10 years of age, who had been abused by their step
      father 3 years previously. An antichlamydial immunoglobulin greater than or equal
      to 1:32 or a fourfold rise in the titer of immunoglobulin G was found in 13 of 49
      (27%) abused children and 2 of 40 (5%) controls. This difference was
      statistically significant. The isolation of C. trachomatis from a rectogenital
      site was not limited to children with recent sexual abuse in this population.
      Serology may also be of limited use since serologic evidence of recent chlamydial
      infection was present in 5% of controls.

PMID- 6427760
TI  - The management of central intravenous catheter infections.
AB  - Catheter-associated infection is a frequent complication in patients with
      indwelling intravenous catheters used for administration of total parenteral
      nutrition and/or cancer chemotherapy. Thirty-seven catheter-associated infections
      in 19 patients were identified in our retrospective survey conducted for the
      period from January 1, 1982, through December 31, 1982. Fourteen patients were
      receiving total parenteral nutrition for gastrointestinal disorders, and five
      were receiving total parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy for underlying
      malignancy. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 65% of catheter
      associated bacteremias, as a single species (18 cases) or as one of multiple
      species (6 cases). Ten of 33 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates (30%)
      were methicillin-resistant. Twenty-one infections (57%) were initially treated
      with antibiotics administered through the central venous catheter. There were
      three failures with this treatment; in two cases the catheter was removed because
      of continued fever and positive blood cultures despite antibiotics, and one
      patient developed a pyogenic granuloma. The remaining 18 (86%) catheter
      associated infections were cured without catheter removal. However, a new
      infection occurred subsequently in two of these patients. We recommend that
      vancomycin and an aminoglycoside be the initial empiric therapy for suspected
      catheter-associated sepsis. Lack of defervescence or continued positive blood
      cultures for 2 to 4 days despite antibiotics are indications for catheter
      removal. Otherwise antibiotics should be continued for 14 to 21 days.

PMID- 6427761
TI  - Bacteriology and clinical relevance of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cultures.

PMID- 6427762
TI  - Effect of carbon dioxide on fertility of cock semen incubated in vitro at 41 C.
AB  - The effect of various atmospheric CO2 concentrations on fertility of cock semen
      incubated in minimum essential medium (MEM) for 6 hr in vitro at 41 C was
      evaluated. Fertility following intravaginal insemination was 54, 87, and 78% for
      semen incubated in .03, 10, and 15% by volume CO2, respectively. No differences
      in hatchability of fertile eggs were observed between the semen treatments.
      Oxygen consumption values monitored at the beginning and end of the holding
      period were similar for semen incubated in 10% atmospheric CO2 but decreased for
      semen incubated in .03 and 15% CO2.

PMID- 6427763
TI  - Phenotypic profiles of broiler stocks fed two levels of methionine and lysine.
AB  - A phenotypic profile was compiled for eight commercial broiler stocks fed diets
      containing two levels of methionine and lysine. Stock by diet interactions were
      unimportant for most traits, although differences among stocks were somewhat
      magnified when they were fed the lower levels of methionine and lysine. Feed
      efficiency (body weight/feed consumption) to a fixed age was negatively
      associated with body weight, feed intake, frequency of leg disorders, and size of
      the abdominal fat pad. Its association with immunological and physiological
      traits varied with the environment. Apparent improvements in performance may be
      partially attributed to increases in growth rate, which have enabled broilers to
      reach market age at earlier ages.

PMID- 6427764
TI  - Activity and multiple forms of alpha-L-fucosidase and hexosaminidase in chorion
      biopsy specimens and some fetal organs.
AB  - It was shown that activities and isoenzyme patterns of alpha-L-fucosidase and
      hexosaminidase were similar in biopsy specimens of chorion obtained immediately
      before induced abortion in normal pregnancy and in chorion tissue itself. A
      comparative study of isoenzyme patterns of these glycosidases showed their
      similarity in chorion and human fetal kidney, liver and lungs. The data obtained
      may be applied to the investigation of the multiple forms of alpha-L-fucosidase
      and hexosaminidase in chorion biopsy specimens for the prenatal diagnosis of
      fucosidosis (alpha-L-fucosidase deficiency), Tay-Sachs diseases (hexosaminidase A
      deficiency) and Sandhoff disease (deficiency of hexosaminidase A and B).

PMID- 6427765
TI  - Atherosclerosis and apoproteins B and A-I.
AB  - The lipid hypothesis stipulates that the risk of developing CAD is related to the
      cholesterol levels of various lipoprotein fractions, the risk increasing with
      either a higher LDL cholesterol level or a lower HDL cholesterol level. The data
      reviewed here indicate that the measurement of the plasma level of the major
      apoproteins of LDL and HDL, apoB and apoA-I, respectively, provide additional
      information in the assessment of a patient at risk for CAD. In the case of LDL B,
      two "normocholesterolemic" groups with CAD are detected, those with
      normotriglyceridemic HyperapoB and those with hypertriglyceridemic HyperapoB . In
      all of these syndromes associated with premature CAD, HyperapoB , FCH, and FH,
      the common denominator is an increased number of LDL particles. A low level of
      apoA-I may indicate that one of the subfractions of HDL (HDL2) is decreased. HDL2
      is generally decreased in disorders where LDL B is elevated, a combination that
      may be particularly atherogenic. Conversely, elevated apoA-I and HDL cholesterol
      levels, or decreased LDL cholesterol and LDL B protein levels, are associated
      with a low prevalence of CAD and longevity. Thus, LDL and HDL levels may be
      metabolically linked, a relation which is more evident if apoproteins are
      measured and which may be obscured if apoproteins are not determined. The
      assessment of dyslipoproteinemia in a patient at risk for CAD might optimally
      include measurement of LDL B and apoA-I levels, in addition to LDL cholesterol
      and HDL cholesterol levels.

PMID- 6427766
TI  - Chromosomal assignment of the gene for human elongation factor 2.
AB  - Elongation factor 2 (EF-2), polypeptidyl -tRNA translocase, is an essential
      factor for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and Archebacteria . We isolated
      diphtheria toxin-resistant human primary embryo cells that contain EF-2 that
      cannot be ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PA
      toxin). Somatic cell hybrids were constructed from mouse L cells and toxin
      resistant human embryo cell mutants. Forty-one hybrid clones were isolated, of
      which 15 clones were resistant to PA toxin. Karyotypic analysis and isozyme
      studies revealed that there was an absolute correlation between human chromosome
      19 and resistance to PA toxin in the hybrids. On subcloning of PA toxin-resistant
      hybrid cells, we obtained one PA toxin-resistant hybrid subclone containing human
      chromosome 19 as the only human chromosome. Furthermore, the resistance to PA
      toxin of hybrid cell strains was lost after infection with poliovirus, for which
      sensitivity is conferred by human chromosome 19. It was confirmed by using two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis that PA toxin resistance in hybrid cells was
      caused by the presence of EF-2 resistant to ADP-ribosylation by fragment A of
      diphtheria toxin. These facts suggest that the gene encoding EF-2 is located on
      human chromosome 19.

PMID- 6427767
TI  - Production of human monoclonal IgG antibodies against Rhesus (D) antigen.
AB  - An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B-cell line ( LB4r ) producing anti
      Rhesus [Rho(D) antigen] antibody was fused with a non-immunoglobulin-producing
      mouse-human heteromyeloma ( SHM - D33 ) and selected in
      hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium containing 0.5 microM ouabain.
      Surviving hybrids found to secrete specific anti-Rho(D) antibody were cloned by
      limiting dilution. Two clones (D4-B2 and E10-C1) producing high levels (12 and 20
      micrograms/ml per 10(6) cells per 24 hr, respectively) of monospecific antibody
      (IgG3, lambda chain) were selected for expansion and further characterization.
      Compared to the parental cell line ( LB4r ), these hybridoma cell lines presented
      several advantages: antibody production was increased 10-fold, cloning efficiency
      was improved, and the EBV genome was not retained. Antibody production has been
      stable for greater than 8 months. These human monoclonal anti-Rho(D) antibodies
      have demonstrated utility in routine blood-group typing. They may also prove
      useful in the biochemical and genetic characterization of the Rh antigen system.
      Most important, they offer a source of Rh-immune globulin for the prevention of
      Rh immunization and alloimmune hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 6427768
TI  - Glycine-directed peptide amidation: presence in rat brain of two enzymes that
      convert p-Glu-His-Pro-Gly-OH into p-Glu-His-Pro-NH2 (thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone).
AB  - To study the possibility of glycine-directed amidation in rat brain, we
      synthesized the substrate p-Glu-His-Pro-Gly-OH. Adult and neonatal rat brain and
      adult rat pituitary were sonicated, frozen and thawed, and fractionated by gel
      permeation chromatography, and fractions from each tissue were assayed for
      enzymatic activity capable of converting this model substrate into thyrotropin
      releasing hormone. We report the presence in rat brain and rat pituitary of two
      enzymes catalyzing conversion of p-Glu-His-Pro-Gly-OH into thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone. Based on the differing chemical and physical properties of these two
      enzymes and their differing affinities for a number of p-Glu-His-Pro-aa-OH
      analogs (in which aa = glycine, beta-alanine, gamma-butyric acid, and delta
      aminovaleric acid), we conclude that there are two distinct enzymatic processes
      for the terminal amidation of peptides in brain and that COOH-terminal extensions
      other than glycine are capable of directing COOH-terminal amidation.

PMID- 6427769
TI  - Minichromosomal repetitive DNA in Trypanosoma cruzi: its use in a high
      sensitivity parasite detection assay.
AB  - We have isolated genomic clones containing members of a tandemly repeated DNA
      family from Trypanosoma cruzi. This family, which contains a 195-base pair (bp)
      repeating unit, is the most abundant repetitive DNA in this organism. DNA
      sequencing analysis of three adjacent tandem repeats as well as two independent
      nonadjacent repeats showed relatively little sequence heterogeneity.
      Surprisingly, the three tandem elements contained a 585-bp open reading frame.
      However, blot hybridization of RNA from epimastigotes as well as blood-form
      trypomastigotes failed to show evidence for transcription of these sequences.
      Fractionation of whole T. cruzi DNA in sucrose gradients or in agarose gels
      followed by hybridization with appropriate radioactive probes showed that the
      size distribution of DNA bearing the 195-bp repetitive element is distinct from
      that of kinetoplast DNA as well as from that of DNA bearing tubulin genes.
      Hybridization of the 195-bp element probe with DNA from six different T. cruzi
      strains was positive; hybridization with DNA of other protozoa was negative with
      the single exception of Leptomonas collosoma , which displayed a weak cross
      hybridization signal. Clones bearing this repetitive element are shown to be
      useful as probes for identification and counting of T. cruzi cells by dot-blot
      hybridization. The sensitivity of this assay permits detection of the DNA of 30
      parasites in blood samples.

PMID- 6427770
TI  - Selective expression of a plasmid cat gene at a late stage of Bacillus subtilis
      sporulation.
AB  - The cat-86 gene in plasmid pPL603 specifies chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      (CAT) and is selectively expressed in Bacillus subtilis at a stage in sporulation
      in which internal spores are first observed (approximately T8). The gene is
      unexpressed in vegetatively growing cells. cat-86 expression and spore formation
      are both blocked when cells are grown in excess glucose. cat-86 expression at T8
      is due to selective transcription of the gene, since cat-86 mRNA is undetectable
      in vegetatively growing cells but is readily demonstrated in sporulating cells.
      The transcription start site for cat-86 mRNA from sporulating cells is within a
      203-base-pair restriction fragment designated P1, which is located upstream from
      the cat coding region on pPL603 . Deletion of P1 from pPL603 eliminates the
      sporulation -associated expression of cat-86. Host sporulation genes, whose
      function is absolutely required for cat-86 expression at T8, include six early
      sporulation, spo0 , genes and spoIIE . Therefore, pPL603 provides a novel system
      in which the in vivo expression of a known, plasmid-linked gene is dependent on
      sporulation-specific changes in B. subtilis.

PMID- 6427771
TI  - Genetic control of major histocompatibility complex-linked immune responses to
      synthetic polypeptides in man: poly(L-phenylalanine, L-glutamic acid)-poly (DL
      alanine)--poly(L-lysine) and L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tyrosine (60:30:10).
AB  - Vigorous lymphoproliferative responses to synthetic polypeptides poly(L
      phenylalanine, L-glutamic acid)-poly(DL-alanine)--poly(L-lysine) [( Phe,G)-A--L],
      and L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tyrosine (60:30:10) (GAT) were observed in
      cells from 92 unrelated subjects. Thirty-three percent responded to (Phe,G)-A--L
      and 77% to GAT. No HLA association was observed with responses to these two
      antigens. Family studies indicated that two complementary immune response (Ir)
      genes are required for response to each antigen. Eleven matings were informative
      for linkage analysis between HLA and these Ir genes. Families in which the
      complementary genes are in coupling gave maximal lod scores (log of the odds) of
      4.50 for (Phe,G)-A--L and 7.57 for GAT for 0 = 0. In a HLA-B/D recombinant
      family, the Ir- PheGAL genes are mapped towards the HLA-D region. The
      localization of Ir-GAT genes close to HLA-B was provided by a HLA-A/B
      recombinant.

PMID- 6427772
TI  - Twisted states of Bacillus subtilis macrofibers reflect structural states of the
      cell wall.
AB  - Static and dynamic studies of helical Bacillus subtilis macrofibers reveal that a
      spectrum of twisted states exists ranging from tight left-handed structures with
      twist equal to approximately equal to 40 left turns per mm to tight right-handed
      structures with twist equal to 57 right turns per mm. In the lytic-deficient
      strain FJ7 , twist varies as a function of growth temperature above or below 39
      degrees C, where there is zero twist. The relationship between the temperature
      (below 39 degrees C) at which right-hand structures are produced to the time it
      takes for them to begin the inversion process in which they become left-handed
      following transfer to 48 degrees C reveals that structures with less twist are
      more rapidly converted to left-handedness than are those with higher values of
      twist. The initial response of live macrofibers to digestion by lysozyme consists
      of "relaxation" motions in which the twist of both left- and right-handed
      structures changes towards the right-hand end of the spectrum. The rate of
      relaxation is approximately equal to 5-fold higher at the left-hand end than at
      the right-hand end. These findings suggest that cell wall polymers can assume a
      range of structural states during helical growth and that these determine the
      quantitative aspects of macrofiber shape as well as the sensitivity of walls to
      attack by lysozyme.

PMID- 6427773
TI  - Mutations in the dopa decarboxylase gene affect learning in Drosophila.
AB  - Fruit flies synthesize several monoamine neurotransmitters. Dopa decarboxylase
      (Ddc) mutations affect synthesis of two of these, dopamine and serotonin. Both
      transmitters are implicated in vertebrate and invertebrate learning. Therefore,
      we bred flies of various Ddc genotypes and tested their learning ability in
      positively and negatively reinforced learning tasks. Mutations in the Ddc gene
      diminished learning acquisition approximately in proportion to their effect on
      enzymatic activity. Courtship and mating sequences of the mutants appeared
      normal, except for one aspect of male courtship that had previously been shown to
      be experience dependent. In contrast, the effect on behavior patterns that do not
      involve learning--phototaxis, geotaxis, olfactory acuity, responsiveness to
      sucrose--was relatively slight under these conditions. Moderate Ddc mutations
      affected the acquisition of learned responses while leaving memory retention
      unaltered. This is in contrast to the mutations dunce , rutabaga , and amnesiac ,
      which primarily affect short-term memory.

PMID- 6427774
TI  - Mutants suppressing in trans chorion gene amplification in Drosophila.
AB  - Two recessive female-sterile mutants, K451 and K1214 , disrupt chorion formation
      by causing underproduction of all major chorion proteins. We present evidence
      that this effect is due to underaccumulation of the chorion mRNAs and that, in
      turn, this is caused by a substantial reduction in the level of chorion gene
      amplification. The mutants are X-linked but located at two sites far from the
      chorion gene cluster at 7F1 -2; their effect is even more pronounced on the third
      chromosome chorion gene cluster, and thus the wild type gene must act in trans.
      The time course of amplification in mutant and wild-type follicles is documented.

PMID- 6427775
TI  - Rapid mutational analysis of regulatory loci in Escherichia coli K-12 using
      bacteriophage M13.
AB  - A derivative of bacteriophage M13mp8 , designated M13mp8 /P, was prepared in
      which the promoter and NH2-terminal codons of bacterial genes may be fused to a
      portion of beta-galactosidase, resulting in an easily scorable phenotype. Because
      transcription from the inserted promoter remains responsive to the host
      regulatory system, it is simple to screen mutagenized phage for isolates with
      aberrant regulatory phenotypes and to determine the mutational changes by dideoxy
      sequence analysis. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated by isolation of
      a large number of mutations in the regulatory regions of two genes, lexA and
      recA. Base substitutions that altered the phenotype of recombinant phage were
      identified both in the single LexA repressor binding site of recA and in the two
      binding sites of lexA, as well as in other sites that likely affect translational
      efficiency. Our results suggest that this approach will be generally useful for
      mutational analysis of transcriptional and translational regulatory elements.

PMID- 6427776
TI  - Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing of the beta subunit of a
      human T-cell antigen receptor.
AB  - To obtain information about the structural basis for T-cell antigen recognition,
      a T3-associated Ti receptor molecule was isolated from crude membranes of the REX
      human thymic tumor line and purified by affinity chromatography with an anti-
      clonotypic monoclonal antibody in conjunction with preparative gel
      electrophoresis. NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing of the beta subunit
      unambiguously identified the amino acids in positions 2-12. Comparative protein
      sequence analysis by computer search demonstrated that this Ti beta sequence bore
      weak, but definite, homology to the first framework of the variable region of
      human lambda light chain. Anti-sera to a synthetic peptide corresponding to
      positions 2-11 precipitated the denatured Ti beta subunit from REX, thus
      confirming the above sequence. This information suggests that the Ti beta subunit
      is distantly related to human immunoglobulin lambda light chain and, moreover,
      should be of use in the molecular cloning of the Ti beta gene.

PMID- 6427777
TI  - Simultaneous administration of pure antiandrogens, a combination necessary for
      the use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in the treatment of
      prostate cancer.
AB  - Although castration levels of serum androgens are consistently achieved after 2-3
      weeks of treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists,
      the administration of these peptides alone in adult men is always accompanied by
      a transient increase in plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels, which
      lasts for 5-15 days at the beginning of treatment and is accompanied by disease
      flare-up in some cases, thus seriously limiting the acceptability of this
      otherwise efficient and well-tolerated treatment. The present data show that the
      simultaneous administration of a pure antiandrogen neutralizes the influence of
      the transient increase in serum androgens on prostate cancer, as indicated by the
      60% decrease in serum prostatic acid phosphatase observed within 5 days of
      combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and a pure antiandrogen. The addition of
      a pure antiandrogen thus makes fully acceptable the use of LHRH agonists as an
      advantageous substitute for surgical castration and estrogens in the treatment of
      prostate cancer.

PMID- 6427778
TI  - Prevention of rejection of murine islet allografts by pretreatment with anti
      dendritic cell antibody.
AB  - Previously we have demonstrated that islets of Langerhans treated with donor
      specific anti-Ia serum and complement survive when transplanted across the major
      histocompatibility complex of the mouse. In this study, using immunofluorescence,
      we demonstrate two morphologically distinct populations of Ia-positive cells
      scattered within the Ia-negative islet tissue. A large irregularly shaped Ia
      positive subset of cells were identified as dendritic cells by using the 33D1
      antibody specific for a mouse dendritic cell antigen. The other small, round Ia
      positive subset was 33D1 negative. Islets pretreated with anti-dendritic cell
      antibody and complement prior to transplantation survived in their
      histoincompatible recipients for greater than 200 days. Rejection of stable islet
      allografts promptly occurred when transplant recipients were challenged with 1 X
      10(5) donor dendritic cells 60 days after transplantation. These results
      demonstrate an important in vivo role for donor dendritic cells in the
      stimulation of allograft rejection.

PMID- 6427779
TI  - Identification of the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone in chicken
      hypothalamus: evidence that gonadotropin secretion is probably controlled by two
      distinct gonadotropin-releasing hormones in avian species.
AB  - A new peptide having gonadotropin-releasing activity distinct from the known
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones ( LHRHs ) has been identified in a chicken
      hypothalamic extract. The existence of [Gln8]LHRH in avian hypothalamus has been
      reported previously. The new molecular species of gonadotropin-releasing
      activity, named chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (chicken GnRH-II), has
      been isolated recently in a yield of 7 micrograms, starting from 10,000 chicken
      hypothalami. Structural analyses have been performed on the peptide fragments
      derived from chymotryptic and thermolytic digests of chicken GnRH-II by amino
      acid analyses and terminal analyses. The full sequence of chicken GnRH-II has
      been determined to be: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly-NH2. A synthetic
      decapeptide with the above sequence was verified to be chromatographically
      identical to natural chicken GnRH-II. For further structural confirmation,
      chymotryptic and thermolytic peptides from synthetic and natural chicken GnRH-II
      also were identified. Thus, the structure of chicken GnRH-II has been definitely
      established. The gonadotropin-releasing potency of chicken GnRH-II was about 32%
      of that of mammalian LHRH and 8 times more potent than chicken LHRH, as estimated
      from the bioassay with rat anterior pituitary cells. Our results indicate that
      gonadotropin secretion is probably controlled by two distinct GnRHs , at least in
      avian species.

PMID- 6427780
TI  - Interactive effects of ethanol and silver on sodium transport across toad skin.
AB  - Both ethanol and silver ions have been shown to affect ion transport across
      various epithelia. This investigation was principally undertaken to further
      define mechanisms of silver ions and ethanol, and their possible interactions, on
      sodium transport across toad skin. Isolated toad skin, mounted between identical
      oxygenated amphibian bicarbonate Ringer solutions, maintained stable
      transepithelial potential differences (serosa positive) and short-circuit
      currents for several hours at 25 degrees C. It was observed that (1) ethanol
      inhibited the active transcellular component of sodium absorption and this effect
      was reversible; (2) inhibition of sodium transport by ethanol was directly
      proportional to the applied concentration; (3) pretreatment with silver ions
      prevented any ethanol effects; and (4) pretreatment with ethanol prevented any
      silver ion effects. It was concluded from these results that ethanol induced its
      inhibitory effects on membrane phospholipids thereby perturbing the function of a
      sulfhydryl ligand, while silver ion or silver chloride complex binding to this
      ligand would maintain its function in sodium transport despite the presence of
      ethanol.

PMID- 6427781
TI  - The catalytic mechanism of phosphorylase; novel role of the coenzyme phosphate.

PMID- 6427782
TI  - The role of pyridoxal phosphate in glycogen phosphorylase b; structure,
      environment and relationship to catalytic mechanism.

PMID- 6427783
TI  - Role of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the catalytic mechanism of glycogen
      phosphorylase.

PMID- 6427784
TI  - Structural and functional alterations of E. coli tryptophan synthase upon binding
      of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.

PMID- 6427785
TI  - Catalytic properties of the active site of alanine racemase from B. subtilis.

PMID- 6427786
TI  - Purification and properties of amino acid racemase from Aeromonas punctata subsp.
      caviae.
AB  - An amino acid racemase, which occurs in the cytoplasmic fraction of Aeromonas
      punctata subsp. caviae, has been purified to homogeneity by the criteria of
      electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The enzyme has a molecular weight of
      about 80,000 and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (about
      40,000). The enzyme contains 2 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mol of enzyme,
      and exhibits absorption maxima at 280 nm and 420 nm. The holoenzyme is resolved
      by dialysis against hydroxylamine to yield the inactive apoenzyme, which is
      reconstituted by the addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to recover the full
      activity. The enzyme catalyzes racemization of a number of amino acids, e.g.
      lysine, ornithine, ethionine, arginine, glutamine, and methionine. The Michaelis
      constants were determined: 1 mM for L-lysine; 0.9 mM for D-lysine; 0.9 mM for L
      ornithine; 1 mM for L-arginine; and 2.6 microM for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This
      enzyme is similar in enzymological properties to the racemase of Pseudomonas
      putida, but is distinct from it in immunochemical properties.

PMID- 6427787
TI  - 3-Chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase (deaminating) of Pseudomonas putida CR 1-1.

PMID- 6427788
TI  - Changes in cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin profiles during monoamine
      metabolism in rat brain homogenates.
AB  - The effect of different monoamine oxidase (MAO) substrates on the endogenous
      prostaglandin(PG) and thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis in rat brain homogenates was
      studied. In the absence of MAO substrates the following pattern of arachidonic
      acid metabolites was found: PGD2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than TXB2
      greater than PGE2 greater than or equal to 6ketoPGF1 alpha. Phenylethylamine(PEA)
      stimulated the cyclooxygenase activity 1.5-fold (expressed as the sum of the
      products formed), without altering the product profile. Tyrosine(Tyr) caused a
      twofold increase in cyclooxygenase activity and slightly modified the product
      composition (PGD2=PGF2 alpha greater than PGE2 greater than TXB2 greater than
      6ketoPGF1 alpha). In the presence of noradrenaline(NA) there was a threefold
      stimulation of cyclooxygenase activity. The increase of PGF2 alpha was more
      pronounced than that of the other metabolites (PGF2 alpha greater than PGD2
      greater than TXB2 greater than PGE2 greater than 6ketoPGF1 alpha). alpha
      Methylnoradrenaline(alpha metNA ) (not a substrate for MAO but bearing the
      catechol group) altered the PG pattern in the same way as NA, but without
      enhancing the cyclooxygenase activity. PEA or Tyr when administered together with
      alpha metNA produced a NA-like effect both on the cyclooxygenase activity and on
      the product profile. The increase in cyclooxygenase activity was abolished by
      pargyline or by catalase, independently of the activator system used. The results
      support the hypothesis that NA-stimulation of brain PG (and TX) formation is
      mediated by H2O2 formed during the degradation of the amine via MAO. The role of
      the catechol group in protection of the cyclooxygenase against inactivation and
      in the changes of product composition, as well as the possible significance of
      the coupling between arachidonate and monoamine metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 6427789
TI  - Carbocromen inhibits arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and TXA2
      formation.

PMID- 6427790
TI  - The effect of indomethacin on the duration of the hypotensive action of
      bradykinin in Dahl salt-resistant rats: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition.
AB  - The Dahl salt resistant (DR) rat maintained on a low, 0.4%, or a high 8.0% salt
      diet remained normotensive. The bradykinin (BK) induced falls in the systolic
      (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) were unaffected (P greater than 0.05) by the presence
      of indomethacin (5 mg/kg). Indomethacin, however, caused a substantial (P less
      than 0.001) reduction in the duration of the hypotensive action of bradykinin. It
      is speculated that the indomethacin effects result from an inhibition of the
      cyclooxygenase system in DR rats.

PMID- 6427791
TI  - Inhibition of thromboxane synthetase by OKY-1581 stimulates the formation of
      PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in human platelets.
AB  - When intact human platelets were incubated with 200 microM 14C-arachidonic acid
      the formation of TXB2 and HHT was inhibited dose dependently by OKY-1581. The
      IC50 for the formation of TXB2 was 60 nM and for HHT 90 nM. The amounts of PGE2,
      PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and 6-keto- PGF1 alpha were correspondingly increased. The
      combined amount of all cyclo-oxygenase metabolites (TXB2, HHT and prostaglandins)
      was not changed by OKY-1581 (1 nM - 10 microM). The formation of the lipoxygenase
      metabolite, 12-HETE, was also not changed by OKY-1581. The present study
      indicates that the inhibition of thromboxane synthetase in human platelets will
      direct arachidonate metabolism via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway mainly to PGE2,
      PGF2 alpha and PGD2 and to a smaller extent to PGI2.

PMID- 6427792
TI  - A facile reproducible radioimmunoassay of the mixed metabolites of prostaglandins
      E, suitable for measurement of relative differences of
      phospholipase/prostaglandin synthetase activity in vivo.
AB  - A relatively simple, reproducible, radioimmunoassay for the mixed metabolites of
      prostaglandins E (U-PGE-M) in rat and human urine is described. Results of the
      assay of treated versus control urine extracts correlate well with differences
      expected from treatments known to alter in vivo phospholipase/prostaglandin
      synthetase activity. Cross-reactivity of heterogeneous metabolite antiserum with
      5 available endogenous prostaglandins and a single metabolite was determined and
      showed little or no cross reaction. Sensitivity, within-assay precision,
      interassay reproducibility, and parallelism were also determined and found
      acceptable. Excretion rates of U-PGE-M by rats and humans were determined, and
      statistically significant differences could be shown, although absolute values
      were smaller than estimated absolute values obtained from mass-spectrometric
      measurements of single, purified metabolites. Normal human male excretion rates
      differed significantly from those of females. Injection of prostaglandin E1
      caused a significant rise in U-PGE-M excretion in rats whereas aspirin and
      indomethacin caused it to fall. U-PGE-M excretion rates of spontaneous
      hypertensive rats were significantly less than rates of normotensive controls.
      Adrenalectomy resulted in excretion of significantly larger amounts of U-PGE-M
      than in normal or sham-operated controls. A screen of clinically active
      pharmacological agents and hormones gave results consistent with previously
      published reports.

PMID- 6427793
TI  - Resistance of schedule-induced behaviours to hippocampal lesions.
AB  - It has been reported that electrolytic lesions of the hippocampus accelerate the
      onset of schedule-induced drinking (SID) and also lead to significant increases
      in adrenal weights [2]. In the present experiment three groups of Long Evans rats
      received electrolytic or 6-Hydroxydopamine or sham lesions of the hippocampus and
      one group received electrolytic cortical lesions. Half of each group were tested
      1 hr/day for 10 days under scheduled food delivery and the other half received
      food in a single presentation. It was found that both electrolytic hippocampal
      and cortical lesions reduced the level of SID compared with sham and 6
      Hydroxydopamine lesions which did not differ from each other. However, there is
      support for the suggestion that hippocampal catecholamine neurones are involved
      in corticosterone regulation as shown by a significant increase in plasma
      corticosterone levels in non-scheduled, 6-Hydroxydopamine lesioned rats.

PMID- 6427794
TI  - [Anthracycline antibiotics from genetically modified streptomycetes. The
      isolation, spectroscopic structural elucidation and biologic effects of beta
      rhodomycin I].
AB  - By mutagenic treatment and selection procedures the mutant ZIMET 43678 was
      obtained from a population of the interspecific recombinant Streptomyces
      violaceus subsp. iremyceticus ZIMET 43615, which showed a changed spectrum of
      secondary metabolites. The main component isolated from the fermentation broth
      was a pure anthracycline evidenced by TLC. By means of acid hydrolysis,
      identification of the degradation products and also by spectroscopic UV/VIS-, IR
      , MS-, 1H/13C-NMR- and CD-investigations with intact anthracycline the structure
      7-(alpha-L- rhodosaminyl )-beta- rhodomycinon with the absolute configuration 7S,
      9R , 10R was found. The anthracycline called beta- rhodomycin -1 (1) exhibits
      antimicrobial and cytostatic activity in vitro and is also effective on tumour
      cells in tumour bearing animals.

PMID- 6427795
TI  - Simultaneous study of cerebral blood flow, vascular bed and deoxyglucose in aged
      rats. Effects of two dihydrogenated rye ergot alkaloids.
AB  - The influence of aging and the effects of treatment with dihydrogenated rye ergot
      alkaloid on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism were studied in Long-Evans rats.
      Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was not affected by aging whereas the vascular bed and
      the uptake of deoxyglucose were significantly lower in aged than in young rats.
      20 days after ligation of a carotid artery the blood flow on the same side of the
      brain, the vascular bed and the uptake of deoxyglucose were significantly lowered
      in aged rats as opposed to young rats. The second carotid artery was ligated 1 h
      before the animals were sacrificed: in the corresponding cerebral hemisphere the
      blood flow was found to be significantly lowered in young rats and even more so
      in aged rats. These results show that young rats are more likely to adapt to an
      acute or chronic circulatory deficiency than aged rats. Dihydroergocryptine (
      DHEC , 0.1 mg/kg/day for 5 days, p.o.) reduces CBF and the vascular bed in aged
      rats, as opposed to dihydroergotoxine ( DHET , 5 X 0.1 mg/kg/day p.o.). The
      uptake of deoxyglucose was not influenced by the treatments. After ligation of
      the carotid arteries, treatment with DHEC and DHET induced an increase in CBF
      without any change in the vascular bed and, in the case of DHEC only, there was a
      significant increase in the uptake of deoxyglucose in the cerebral hemisphere
      submitted to acute circulatory deficiency. DHEC and DHET thus exerted significant
      effects on cerebral metabolism and hemodynamics in the aged rats after repeated
      oral treatment.

PMID- 6427796
TI  - Perfluorochemical perfusion of the isolated guinea pig heart.
AB  - We studied the influence of a perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion on the
      ultrastructure and function of the isolated perfused guinea pig heart compared to
      a Krebs-Henseleit solution. The PFC perfusion enhanced the force of contraction
      and reduced the coronary flow rate, but had no influence on the frequency and the
      oxygen consumption. The positive inotropic action of K-strophanthin and
      isoproterenol was slightly strengthened, whereas the beta-adrenergic antagonism
      by propranolol and the vasodilatation by glycerol trinitrate remained unchanged.
      The positive chronotropic action of isoproterenol was reduced during PFC
      perfusion. No histological differences depending on the perfusion medium were
      observed. It is concluded that PFC perfusion improves the functional state of the
      Langendorff preparation.

PMID- 6427797
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism, the endocrine pancreas, and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6427798
TI  - Diazepam and desmethyldiazepam plasma concentrations in chronic anxious
      outpatients.
AB  - Within the framework of a large-scale clinical study on the effect of diazepam in
      chronic anxiety, diazepam (D) and desmethyldiazepam (DD) plasma concentrations
      were determined frequently. Significant relationships were found between the
      clinical effect and the plasma concentrations of D and DD, respectively; a
      curvilinear relationship resulted if the dosage was disregarded, but within the
      individual dosage groups the relationship was found to be linear. For these
      computations, the daily diazepam dose was treated as a covariable in a factorial
      analysis of variance approach. It was found, in addition, that the daily diazepam
      dose was one of the most significant predictors of the plasma concentration of D
      or DD, respectively. The steady state plasma concentrations were highest in
      patients experiencing an exacerbation of their conditions of anxiety if they were
      returned to placebo after 14 to 22 weeks of diazepam medication. The lowest
      steady state concentrations were found with those patients who showed withdrawal
      symptoms under these conditions.

PMID- 6427799
TI  - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on thalamo-cortical and hippocampo-cortical self
      sustained after-discharges in the rat.
AB  - The action of four antiepileptic drugs was studied in acute experiments in 98
      rats. Two types of cortical self-sustained afterdischarges ( SSADs ) induced by
      rhythmic electrical stimulation of subcortical structures were used as models.
      SSAD formed by the spike-and-wave rhythm (most frequently induced by stimulation
      of thalamic somatosensory relay nucleus) was almost completely blocked by
      dipropylacetate (valproate, 400 mg/kg i.p.) and significantly shortened by
      ethosuximide (125 mg/kg i.p.). Diphenylhydantoin (60 mg/kg i.p.) tended to
      prolong this type of SSAD whereas carbamazepine did not influence it. SSAD formed
      by serrated waves (induced usually by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus) was
      augmented by ethosuximide, uninfluenced by dipropylacetate and diphenylhydantoin,
      and significantly shortened by carbamazepine. The pharmacological profile of the
      two types of SSADs is in agreement with our hypothesis that the spike-and-wave
      type of SSAD represents a model of primary generalized seizures of the absence
      type whereas hippocampo -cortical SSAD could be used as a model of partial
      seizures with complex symptomatology.

PMID- 6427800
TI  - Identification of Pseudomonas plasmids able to suppress the lysogeny
      establishment-deficiency (Les-) phenotype.
AB  - A suppressor of the mutations which inhibit the establishment of lysogeny in
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been found to be encoded by P. aeruginosa plasmids of
      four separate incompatibility groups. The wide distribution of this phenotype
      (designated Sly for suppressor of lysogeny establishment deficiency) indicates
      that these plasmids are able to enhance or replace host functions involved in the
      stable establishment of extrachromosomal DNA.

PMID- 6427801
TI  - Enhancement of skin-flap survival using nitroglycerin ointment.
AB  - Rat and pig skin flaps were used to investigate the effects of topical
      nitroglycerin ointment on flap survival. Significant increase in flap survival
      was detected and correlated well with plasma nitroglycerin levels measured during
      the treatment regimen. The drug was applied 1 hour preoperatively in both models.
      Recent experimental clinical investigations on the use of pharmacologics for
      treating failing flaps were reviewed, including the possible mechanism of action
      of nitroglycerin. Characteristics of an ideal pharmacologic agent for use in the
      treatment of failing flaps were delineated. Further investigation is warranted to
      determine the effects of nitroglycerin ointment on various other flaps, including
      musculocutaneous and free flaps, as well as timing of these applications. All
      these variables could best be studied in the pig with confirmation of other
      researchers prior to advocating clinical usage. Until then, the ideal
      pharmacologic agent for prevention of skin-flap necrosis remains unknown.

PMID- 6427802
TI  - Unusual complication of submuscular placement of implants in breast surgery.
AB  - In two patients who underwent breast reconstruction using submuscular implants ,
      ectopic bone formation occurred at the site of unintended periosteal elevation.

PMID- 6427803
TI  - [Significant manifestations and diagnostic difficulties in chronic secondary
      hypoparathyroidism].
AB  - A man became ill with insufficiency of parathyroid glands 10 years after
      strumectomy. Numerous brain organic changes were apparent (severe epileptic
      seizures, tonic seizures of the brain stem, pathological EEG, PEG and liquor
      symptoms, papilledema, marked mental disturbances ranging in severity up to
      episodic psychoses), but even at the climax of the illness there were no definite
      signs of tetanic seizures, so that the basic illness remained unidentified for
      several months. Chronic secondary hypoparathyroidism was not definitely
      identified until ectodermal changes appeared, the characteristic changes of the
      lens contributing greatly to final diagnosis.

PMID- 6427804
TI  - A dialectical view of creativity.
AB  - This paper draws into alignment two time-honored psychoanalytic concepts which
      are addressed in diametrically different ways to the question of human origins.
      These are the family romance and the primal scene. Traditionally these terms have
      not been seen as related to each other, and while properly understood as
      opposites they may also be seen as complementary. Creativity offers the ideal
      area for certain connections to be examined. As a revision of origins by means of
      casting oneself as an orphan and adding another set of lofty , Olympian -style
      parents, the family romance also revises for the individual the critical sexual
      act which brought him into existence, the primal scene. It is this act of our
      animal heritage, from which the child is the excluded party, that also
      disturbingly reveals the parents in their necessarily lowly actions . Thus
      Freud's three-part formula can be invoked and implemented: the painful reality
      from which the artist turns is preeminently a primal scene; the fantasy (
      daydream ) of choice to which he turns is the family romance . By working through
      certain accompanying, often cultural illusions, the artist finds his way back to
      reality, which often amounts to a corrected apprehension of the Primal Scene ,
      archetypally the Sphinx 's riddle, the answer to which is adult sexuality and an
      important step toward ego-identity. Between the subjective pole of the family
      romance and the objective pole of the primal scene the artist's work develops.
      Properly specified, the two concepts serve as important organizers and regulators
      of creativity. In order to place creativity within a cultural context, I have
      examined two areas beyond the perimeters of art. Both in the psychotic condition
      of Schreber and in the tribal condition of the Dogon , the family romance and the
      primal scene exist in overlapping or undifferentiated states. I have hypothesized
      that in no small part the evolution of culture depends on mankind's understanding
      himself by learning to distinguish between supernatural and natural explanations
      of origins. The individual also faces the task of sorting out subjective and
      fanciful notions of his origin from objective and perceptual accounts. In this
      process he may wander afield and end up concocting his own personal mythology.
      The artist concentrates the subjective and objective aspects of origins around
      the poles of the family romance and the primal scene . In this he is not unique.
      But he draws on mythic and cultural traditions in such imaginative ways as to
      represent his fantasies indirectly and in such symbolic modes as can be most
      widely shared.

PMID- 6427805
TI  - The central organizing fantasy.

PMID- 6427806
TI  - Freud's drive theory and ego psychology: a critical evaluation of the Blancks.

PMID- 6427808
TI  - On the distinction between narcissism and will: two aspects of the self.

PMID- 6427807
TI  - The development of an adult's imaginary companion.

PMID- 6427809
TI  - "Collective figures" and the representational world.

PMID- 6427810
TI  - The death instinct.
AB  - The death instinct has always been a controversial concept, insufficient to
      account for actual dying, and usually taken to be fused with aggression. After
      dislodging it from the shadow of aggression in order to evaluate its function,
      the instinct turns out to be one of the components that form the death
      motivation. Human beings develop a complex motivation for death, one that is more
      than biology (instincts) or physics (entropy). It includes (a) the death
      instinct, the primary analogue; (b) sequellae of the universal experience of
      object-loss, with identification and fantasies of a restorative reunion; (c)
      guilt over hostile attitudes toward the lost object, with depression, longings
      for atonement , and self-punishment; (d) compliance with reality, like that of
      old age or grave sickness. Examined in light of the complementary series of
      Freud's aetiological equation, the death instinct turns into a precondition of
      the composition motivation. Death motivation is a comprehensive concept, since
      patients express various of its aspects during their psychoanalyses , and it
      facilitates a metapsychological understanding and refines the accuracy of
      interpretation.

PMID- 6427811
TI  - On Hawthorne, Emerson and narcissism.

PMID- 6427812
TI  - Historical understanding as sense of history: a psychoanalytic inquiry.

PMID- 6427813
TI  - Comparative animal studies on cardiovascular toxicity of tri- and tetracyclic
      antidepressants and citalopram; relation to drug plasma levels.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to compare cardiovascular and/or cardiotoxic
      effects of eight anti-depressants (imipramine, chlorimipramine, amitriptyline,
      nortriptyline , doxepin, maprotiline, mianserin and citalopram) in anaesthetized
      cats after oral dosing and in conscious rabbits after intravenous infusion. In
      the cats drug plasma levels were determined as well. When estimated from ECG
      recordings, citalopram and chlorimipramine in particular, but also mianserin,
      appeared less cardiotoxic than the other drugs tested. The cardiovascular effects
      seen in the cats were with few exceptions identical for all the drugs tested but
      not seen at the same dose (concentration). Safety margins were defined as minimal
      doses or plasma levels when ECG changes (conduction or rhythm) or cardiovascular
      effects (+/- 10% change of initial value in a series of parameters) occurred in
      experimental animals divided by maximal therapeutic dose or mean plasma levels in
      patients. From comparisons of the safety margins it is concluded that except for
      citalopram and mianserin (safety margins 80 and 18 respectively in cats and
      greater than 15 in rabbits) all the other drugs tested (safety margins less than
      or equal to 9) have a cardiotoxic potential. The probability that cardiovascular
      side effects may occur is less pronounced for citalopram (safety margins 10-32)
      than for all the other drugs tested (safety margins ranging from 0.1 to less than
      5).

PMID- 6427814
TI  - Reinforcer interactions under concurrent schedules of food, water, and
      intravenous morphine.
AB  - Responding by six rats was maintained under a concurrent chained fixed-ratio 1,
      fixed-ratio 9 schedule (conc chain FR1 FR9 ) of food, water, and morphine
      presentations. The subjects had continuous access to the schedule contingencies
      on a reversed 12-h light-dark cycle. Local rates and temporal patterns were very
      similar for responding maintained by the three reinforcers with food and water
      intake occurring predominantly during the dark cycle, while morphine infusions
      were evenly distributed. Food and water extinction (24-h duration) decreased the
      number of ratios completed on both the food and water levers. Moreover, food
      extinction resulted in a large increase in I.V. morphine self-administration.
      Morphine extinction increased responding on the morphine lever while almost
      eliminating responding on the water lever. Changes in the dose of morphine (2.5
      40 mg/kg/injection) did not significantly affect food and water intake, but were
      inversely related to responding on the morphine lever. Saline substitutions
      resulted in effects similar to those observed during morphine extinction. The
      schedule used in this study provides a method for examining the specificity of a
      number of pharmacological and neurochemical manipulations.

PMID- 6427815
TI  - Effects of chronic sultopride treatment on endocrine systems in psychotic women.
AB  - The effects of chronic sultopride treatment on endocrine systems were studied
      using five schizophrenic women. Sultopride, an antipsychotic drug, was
      administered orally three times daily for 5 weeks in a daily dose of 300-600 mg.
      The serum prolactin levels increased significantly after 1 day of treatment,
      reaching a maximum at 1 week and remaining elevated during treatment. The serum
      GH levels declined temporarily after 1 week of treatment and then returned to
      normal values after 3-5 weeks of treatment. Sultopride had no significant effects
      on LH, FSH, TSH, insulin, estradiol-17 beta and cortisol basal levels. Serum
      sultopride levels measured by radioimmunoassay remained steady during treatment.
      These results showed that sultopride stimulates prolactin secretion in
      schizophrenic women, probably by blocking pituitary dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6427816
TI  - Dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of diazepam: I. Learning and
      memory.
AB  - A total of 120 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four treatments
      (placebo, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg) and three testing times (7 AM, 1 PM and 7 PM).
      Immediate and delayed free recall of word lists revealed consistent decreases in
      performance as oral diazepam dose increased from 0.1, 0.2, to 0.3 mg/kg.
      Paradoxically, as the dose increased, the number of predrug list words recalled
      also increased. A serial number-learning task displayed a pattern of delayed
      improvement of acquisition as the dose increased. Response times in a semantic
      categories task were prolonged as the dose increased. Parallel recovery functions
      were observed for all doses and tasks. Full recovery after a single
      administration of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg doses was estimated to occur after 3.5,
      4.5, and 5.5 h, respectively. Several analyses were consistent with the view that
      acquisition and not retrieval was impaired by diazepam. There were no circadian
      interactions with the effects of the drug.

PMID- 6427817
TI  - Dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of diazepam: II. Psychomotor
      performance, cognition and mood.
AB  - The psychomotor, cognitive, and mood effects of orally administered diazepam and
      placebo were measured over approximately equal to 3.5 h. A total of 120
      volunteers were assigned to 12 groups of 10 each, representing the combination of
      four treatments (placebo, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg diazepam) and three testing
      sessions (7 AM, 1 PM, and 7 PM). A variety of cognitive tasks, tapping and
      postural stability tests, and a mood evaluation scale were used. Psychomotor and
      cognitive functions showed consistent dose-response effects, while for subjective
      evaluations, the only effect of dose level was in the duration of sedation. The
      pattern of impairment of cognitive functions suggests that the drug affects speed
      rather than accuracy, and it primarily blocks acquisition of new information or
      skills. Use of repeated testing may therefore be necessary to detect subtle drug
      effects. Subjects reported no tranquilization , which suggests that the
      anxiolytic action of the drug cannot be studied in healthy volunteers. There was
      no circadian influence on the actions of the drug.

PMID- 6427818
TI  - Acute and long-term effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on behavior mediated
      by dopaminergic and cholinergic activities in mice.
AB  - Acute and long-term (3 weeks) effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on
      behavior were investigated in mice. A single injection of TRH produced Straub
      tail, tremor and salivation, as well as stereotyped responses, such as head
      bobbing, jaw movement, digging and sniffing. Dose- and time-dependency for the
      effects of TRH were different depending on each response. A single injection of
      TRH at a low dose of 2.5 mg/kg SC did not produce stereotypy but this behavior
      was induced when this dose of TRH was administered in combination with atropine
      (3 mg/kg IP). In addition, a single low dose of TRH elicited tremor and
      salivation which were potentiated by physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg IP). A single high
      dose (20 mg/kg IP) produced marked tremor and salivation which were conversely
      blocked by atropine. Following daily administration of TRH at a low dose of 2.5
      mg/kg SC for 21 days, stereotyped behavior was progressively increased whereas
      tremor and salivation were decreased. This increase in stereotyped behavior was
      inhibited by haloperidol (1 mg/kg IP) or physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg IP). When
      saline was administered instead of TRH for 3 days after long-term administration
      of TRH, sterotyped behavior was maintained for 2 days but thereafter decreased to
      some extent. When TRH (1.25 mg/kg SC) was again administered at this stage, there
      was a marked increase in sterotyped response. These results suggest that TRH
      induces dopaminergic activation, accompanied by both cholinergic inhibition and
      cholinergic activation, and that the former is potentiated while the latter is
      reduced after daily administration of TRH.

PMID- 6427819
TI  - Metergoline elevates or reduces nociceptive thresholds in mice depending on test
      method and route of administration.
AB  - Intrathecal injection of metergoline reduced the response latencies in the tail
      flick and hot-plate tests, supporting the contention that descending 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways tonically inhibit pain sensitivity. Elevated
      latencies were, however, observed after both intraperitoneal (IP) and
      intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections in the hot-plate test, when hindpaw lick
      was used as the response criterion. These findings may indicate that supraspinal
      5-HT pathways tonically increase pain responsiveness in certain test situations .
      Alternative hypotheses are that metergoline in supraspinal structures acts as an
      agonist at post-synaptic 5-HT receptors mediating antinociception, or as an
      antagonist at pre-synaptic 5-HT receptors. Recording of first reaction latencies
      on the hot-plate showed increased thresholds after IP, but not after ICV
      injections. This may indicate an action on 5-HT receptors in the brain not
      accessible after ICV injections, or that the effect is mediated by blockade of
      peripheral 5-HT receptors.

PMID- 6427820
TI  - The analysis and disposition of imipramine and its active metabolites in man.
AB  - Single oral and intramuscular (i.m.) doses of imipramine (IMI) were administered
      to four normal males. Serum and urine concentrations of IMI, desipramine (DMI)
      and their unconjugated 2-hydroxy metabolites were measured by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC). Urinary conjugated 2-hydroxy metabolites were also
      measured after enzyme hydrolysis. Computer analysis of serum concentration and
      urinary excretion rate data allowed confirmation of drug and metabolite kinetics,
      and calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. The rapid appearance of the
      metabolites in serum indicates that sequential first-pass metabolism of IMI
      involves both hydroxylation and demethylation. However, the dose-normalized areas
      under the serum concentration-time curves indicate that the fractions of the
      doses converted to metabolites were similar after both routes of IMI
      administration. Similar total fractions of the i.m. and oral doses recovered in
      urine indicate complete absorption of the oral doses. Inclusion of the
      metabolites increased the apparent availability of active components after oral
      IMI from 22%-50% to 45%-94%. Both the 2-hydroxy metabolites exhibited formation
      rate-limited kinetics, whereas DMI kinetics were elimination rate-limited. The
      t1/2 of IMI and 2-hydroxyimipramine (2-OH-IMI) was 6-18 h, while that of DMI and
      2- hydroxydesipramine (2-OH-DMI) was 12-36 h. The t1/2 of these compounds was 1.5
      2 times longer after the i.m. doses. The metabolite/parent ratios and the
      disposition of the individual metabolites confirm findings that chronic dosing
      results in only limited accumulation of hydroxy metabolites.

PMID- 6427821
TI  - Chronic morphine-induced hyperactivity in rats is altered by nucleus accumbens
      and ventral tegmental lesions.
AB  - Lesions of the nucleus accumbens (NA) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA)
      attenuated and delayed the onset of the locomotor excitatory effects of morphine
      following chronic administration. Neither lesion, however, totally prevented the
      increase in locomotor excitation. These findings suggest that while the NA and
      VTA seem to play a role in mediating the excitatory effects of morphine, other
      regions and brain circuits must also be involved.

PMID- 6427822
TI  - Naloxone administration following brief exposure to novelty reduces activity and
      rearing in mice upon 24-h retest: a conditioned aversion?
AB  - It has recently been reported that naloxone treatment, prior to initial exposure
      to a novel arena, results in significant behavioural change when animals are
      retested 24 h later. In an attempt to clarify the nature of this delayed action
      of the opiate antagonist, three further studies have been performed. In the first
      experiment, male mice were injected with naloxone hydrochloride (0-10 mg/kg, IP)
      immediately after their initial experience of the test arena. When retested 24 h
      later, all groups that had previously received naloxone exhibited greatly reduced
      activity and rearing, with no evidence of a dose-response relationship. In the
      second experiment, naloxone (0-10 mg/kg) failed to induce a conditioned place
      aversion when administered according to the above regimen. In the final
      experiment, no evidence for a naloxone-induced taste aversion to saccharin was
      observed. It is concluded that the behavioural changes observed in the open-field
      study may reflect either (a) subtle aversive properties of naloxone which are
      insensitive to traditional one-trial paradigms or (b) opioid modulation of memory
      for non-painful experiences.

PMID- 6427823
TI  - The effect of reserpine on concurrent repeated administration of d-amphetamine.
AB  - The augmentation of the rat stereotypy response with repeated amphetamine doses,
      put forward as a model of human amphetamine psychosis, was examined during
      concurrent reserpinization. The effects of reserpinization, amphetamine
      treatment, and amphetamine dose on four dependent variables representing the time
      course of stereotypy ratings after a post-treatment amphetamine dose, were tested
      by three-way MANOVA. An earlier onset of stereotypy , as occurred in
      nonreserpinized rats, was not detected in reserpinized rats, but an earlier
      offset of stereotypy with repeated amphetamine occurred in these rats when high
      amphetamine doses were used.

PMID- 6427824
TI  - Lithium does not interact with haloperidol in the dopaminergic pathways of the
      rat brain.
AB  - Prophylactic treatment with lithium has been reported to prevent haloperidol
      induced dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity. If such an effect exists, then
      lithium may be useful in the prevention of tardive dyskinesia, which is related
      to the neuroleptic-induced DA hyperfunction. In the experiments reported here
      chronic lithium administration had no effect on DA synthesis or utilization in
      the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, or mesocortical DA pathways in the rat brain.
      Similarly, lithium had no effect on the increase in DA metabolism induced by the
      acute administration of haloperidol. Also, chronic lithium treatment failed to
      modify the biochemical tolerance which developed after prolonged administration
      of the neuroleptic drug. Supersensitivity of the presynaptic DA receptors, which
      was induced by prolonged exposure to haloperidol, likewise was unaffected by
      prophylactic lithium treatment. We conclude that lithium does not affect changes
      in DA metabolism or receptor supersensitivity induced by haloperidol. These
      results do not support the use of lithium in neurological disorders that may be
      related to neuroleptic-induced DA receptor supersensitivity.

PMID- 6427825
TI  - Apomorphine-induced hypothermia affected by acute treatment with apomorphine,
      haloperidol, or ethanol.
AB  - Apomorphine-induced hypothermia was studied in rats pretreated with a dose of
      apomorphine (mg/kg, IP), haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg, IP), ethanol (3 g/kg, PO), or
      apomorphine + ethanol. Pretreatment with apomorphine attenuated the hypothermic
      response, pretreatment with either haloperidol or ethanol potentiated it, and
      pretreatment with apomorphine together with ethanol did not alter it. These data
      show that an acute treatment with a dopaminergic drug can alter the
      responsiveness of the dopaminergic thermoregulatory system, and also that ethanol
      has an inhibitory effect on the dopamine mechanism.

PMID- 6427826
TI  - The effects of cigarettes of varying yield on rapid information processing
      performance.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of four cigarettes having
      a range of covarying nicotine and "tar" yields on the performance of a rapid
      information processing task. Twenty five smokers were tested on different days
      with each of the cigarettes and in a non-smoking control condition. The order of
      testing was counterbalanced over days using a 5 x 5 Latin Square Design. Not only
      did smoking help to prevent the decrease in speed and accuracy which occurred
      over time in the non-smoking conditions, but it actually improved performance
      over baseline levels. Furthermore, the greatest improvements were found with the
      higher nicotine yielding cigarettes. These objectively measured effects of the
      cigarettes on performance matched the subjective evaluations of the effects of
      the cigarettes outside the laboratory, and are discussed in relation to other
      questionnaire studies and a survey of smoking at work.

PMID- 6427827
TI  - Assessment of the anticholinergic effects of antidepressants in a single-dose
      cross-over study of salivation and plasma levels.
AB  - In order to evaluate the anticholinergic effect of antidepressant drugs, 11
      healthy volunteers were given single oral doses of reference drug, test drugs or
      placebo on a double-blind basis at weekly intervals. The doses corresponded to
      average daily patient medications. Spontaneous whole mouth and parotid
      salivation, and plasma levels of drug and possible metabolites were measured 2, 6
      and 10 h after drug administration. Moderate, statistically significant
      inhibition of salivation was found when nortriptyline, imipramine-N-oxide and
      mianserin were given. Less pronounced, but still statistically significant
      inhibition occurred after ingestion of nomifensine and zimelidine. The zimelidine
      effect was exclusively due to the metabolite norzimelidine, and the inhibition
      after imipramine-N-oxide was mainly due to the metabolite imipramine, but
      imipramine-N-oxide itself also had slight activity. Isocarboxazide and lithium
      had no effect on salivation. From these results and reported values of
      pharmacokinetic variables, the average level of anticholinergic activity during
      long-term treatment may be predicted: for mianserin and (nor-)zimelidine moderate
      inhibition of salivation, although less pronounced than with nortriptyline; for
      nomifensine no clinically significant effect; and for imipramine-N-oxide a
      negligible contribution from the unmetabolized drug.

PMID- 6427828
TI  - Evidence against the involvement of serotonergic neurons in the anti-punishment
      activity of diazepam in the rat.
AB  - The effects of manipulating central serotonergic transmission were assessed on
      the anti-punishment effects of diazepam (2 mg/kg IP) in rats. In a paradigm
      involving the inhibition of pressing for food induced by the delivery of a signal
      previously associated with electric foot-shocks, lesioning serotonergic neurons
      of the dorsal raphe with the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT; 1
      microgram in 0.4 microliter) neither affected behavioral inhibition in control
      rats nor modified the ability of diazepam to release responding. Furthermore,
      suppression of pressing for food induced by a fixed ratio 7 schedule of shock
      presentation was reduced by bilateral infusion of 5,7-DHT (2 micrograms in 0.5
      microliter) into the substantia nigra, but the ability of diazepam to increase
      punished responding was preserved. Finally, blockade of benzodiazepine-induced
      decrease in serotonin release by application of the benzodiazepine receptor
      antagonist Ro 15-1788 (10(-5)-10(-4)M in 0.2 microliter) into the dorsal raphe
      did not alter the releasing effect of diazepam on suppression of pressing for
      food caused by a signal of punishment. At these concentrations. Ro 15-1788 was
      devoid of any effect on behavioral inhibition in control rats. Taken together,
      these results indicate that the anti-punishment activity of benzodiazepines can
      be dissociated from the reduction in tryptaminergic transmission produced by
      these drugs.

PMID- 6427829
TI  - The effects of amphetamine and scopolamine on adjunctive drinking and wheel
      running in rats.
AB  - Two groups of rats were exposed to a fixed-interval 90 s schedule of food
      reinforcement. One group had access to a drinking tube containing water and the
      second had access to a running wheel. Amphetamine (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) and
      scopolamine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) were assessed for their effects on lever-pressing,
      adjunctive drinking and adjunctive wheel-running. Low to moderate doses of
      amphetamine increased overall rates of lever-pressing, whereas the highest dose
      decreased them. Scopolamine decreased overall lever-pressing rates in a dose
      dependent manner. Both drugs changed the within-interval pattern of lever
      pressing from one of increasing probability through the interval to almost
      constant probability throughout. Overall rates of adjunctive drinking and
      adjunctive wheel-running were decreased by amphetamine and scopolamine.
      Amphetamine failed to alter the within-interval patterns of either drinking or
      wheel-running in any substantial manner. The effect of scopolamine was to make
      the probabilities of each adjunctive behaviour more even through the interval.
      Although the two drugs had different actions, there was little difference in the
      way drinking and wheel-running were affected by each.

PMID- 6427830
TI  - Humoral-endorphin blood levels in autistic, schizophrenic and healthy subjects.
AB  - Basal morning humoral (H)-endorphin blood levels were assessed in ten autistic
      patients, 12 chronic schizophrenic patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Four
      autistic patients and four schizophrenic patients were drug free for at least 6
      months while all other psychiatric patients were under treatment with
      antidopaminergic agents. Significantly reduced opioid levels were observed in the
      autistic group (827 +/- 103 vs 1121 +/- 75 pg-eq/ml, P less than 0.025), although
      the difference was actually only 26% of the control mean. A similar tendency
      toward low H-endorphin levels was also observed in the schizophrenic patients;
      however this difference was not significant (919 +/- 129 vs 1121 +/- 75 pg-eq/ml;
      NS). No significant difference was obtained between subjects suffering from the
      two psychiatric disorders (827 +/- 103 vs 919 +/- 129 pg-eq/ml; NS). Various
      interpretations of the decreased secretion of H-endorphin are discussed.

PMID- 6427831
TI  - The effects of chronic lithium on behavioral and biochemical indices of dopamine
      receptor supersensitivity in the rat.
AB  - The effects of dietary lithium on several indices of dopamine receptor
      supersensitivity were examined in rats during withdrawal from chronic
      administration of haloperidol. Chronic haloperidol enhanced the locomotor
      stimulant action of d-amphetamine, and this effect was attenuated by lithium. In
      contrast, lithium did not affect the amphetamine response in animals that had not
      previously received haloperidol. Apomorphine-induced hypothermia was not
      influenced by the chronic haloperidol treatment. On the other hand, during
      withdrawal from chronic haloperidol, spontaneous locomotor activity (20 h) and
      apomorphine-induced stereotypy were increased, but neither of these effects was
      attenuated by lithium. In addition, lithium did not affect the chronic
      haloperidol-induced increase in 3H-spiperone binding sites in the striatum.
      Lithium alone had no effect on any of these measures except for causing a slight
      prolongation of the hypothermic effect of apomorphine. The results indicate that
      not all DA-receptor-mediated responses are enhanced by chronic administration of
      neuroleptics (e.g., apomorphine-induced hypothermia). In addition, while lithium
      reduces the effects of chronic haloperidol administration on d-amphetamine
      induced locomotor activity, this is not because lithium prevents haloperidol
      induced supersensitivity of postsynaptic DA receptors because more direct
      measures of this phenomenon (e.g., 3H-spiperone binding, apomorphine-induced
      stereotypy) are not affected by lithium.

PMID- 6427832
TI  - No evidence for a protracted change in endogenous opioid activity following
      chronic opiate treatment in mice: parallel recovery of cross tolerance to stress
      and morphine antinociception.
AB  - The involvement of central endogenous opioids in swim-induced antinociception in
      mice is well documented. The response is attenuated by central or systemic
      naloxone, displays two-way cross tolerance with morphine and is correlated with
      apparent occupation of central opiate receptors by endogenous ligands. Swim
      induced antinociception was utilised as an in vivo model of endogenous opioid
      function to investigate a possible protracted functional change in endogenous
      opioid release or inactivation following chronic opiate treatment.
      Antinociceptive responses (tail-flick latency) to morphine (4.4 mg/kg, SC) and
      swimming were determined at various times following chronic methadone (24 days
      treatment, 102 mg/kg day in drinking water for the last 20 days) and chronic
      morphine (1 g/kg sustained release) treatment. In both experiments, parallel
      recovery from cross tolerance was observed for morphine-and swim-induced
      antinociception. These results were consistent with the view that no protracted
      functional change in the release or inactivation of endogenous opioids had
      occurred following chronic opiate treatment.

PMID- 6427833
TI  - High dose diazepam treatment and its effect on prolactin secretion in adolescent
      schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Thirteen acute schizophrenic patients aged 14-18 years were treated with
      gradually increasing doses of diazepam to a maximum of 100-400 mg/day/p.o. with a
      total duration of treatment of 4 weeks. The clinical antipsychotic effect was
      evaluated by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), while the impact on the
      hypothalamic hypophyseal pathway was evaluated by monitoring the serum prolactin
      levels (SPL) determined by a highly sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA).
      High diazepam doses (100-400 mg/day) caused sedation but no clinical
      antipsychotic effect was observed. Diazepam treatment with doses up to 250 mg/day
      caused no significant rise in SPL, while the treatment with doses of higher than
      250 mg/day resulted in a mild but still significant increase in SPL. The clinical
      and laboratory data suggest that diazepam has no direct antidopaminergic
      activity. The mild hyperprolactinemia achieved with the extremely high doses of
      diazepam (greater than 250 mg/day) is possibly due to activation of the GABA
      system which stimulates prolactin release directly or by inhibiting the
      dopaminergic neurons or alternatively to activation of the endorphinergic system.

PMID- 6427834
TI  - Flurazepam hydrochloride and its principal metabolites: behavioural studies in
      the monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - Effects of flurazepam and its two principal metabolites, hydroxyethylflurazepam
      and desalkylflurazepam (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg), were studied on a delayed
      differentiation task in the monkey. Flurazepam (10.0 mg/kg) and
      hydroxyethylflurazepam (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) decreased the number of correct
      responses and increased response latency; effects persisted to 4 h with the
      highest dose. Marked impairment of performance was observed with all doses of
      desalkylflurazepam and effects of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg persisted to 24 h. Evidence
      of a disinhibitory effect of desalkylflurazepam was demonstrated. The study would
      point to a consideration of both metabolites in the hypnotic effect and in the
      impairment of performance observed after acute ingestion of flurazepam in man.

PMID- 6427835
TI  - Parametric influences on catalepsy.
AB  - Normal haloperidol-injected rats were tested on a standard catalepsy bar test,
      using varying bar heights, diameters, and descent latency measurement criteria.
      The results demonstrated that all these small procedural differences can markedly
      influence the duration of catalepsy exhibited by rats and should be standardized
      in catalepsy experiments.

PMID- 6427836
TI  - Dopaminergic behaviour stereospecific promoted by the D1 agonist R-SK & F 38393
      and selectively blocked by the D1 antagonist SCH 23390.
AB  - The selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist R-SK & F 38393 (20 mg/kg), but not its
      S- antipode , stereospecifically promoted episodes of prominent grooming
      behaviour. Typical stereotyped behaviour, such at that induced by apomorphine,
      was not seen. Grooming responses to 20 mg/kg R-SK & F 38393 were blocked by 0.1
      0.5 mg/kg of the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 but not by 1.0-5.0 mg/kg of
      the selective D2 antagonist metoclopramide, while stereotyped behaviour induced
      by 0.5 mg/kg apomorphine was blocked by both antagonists. These results are
      consistent with certain individual dopaminergic behaviours such as grooming being
      mediated by D1 receptors. Other dopaminergic syndromes may involve complex
      functional interactions between D1 and D2 receptors.

PMID- 6427837
TI  - The newer antidepressant drugs and their cardiovascular effects.

PMID- 6427838
TI  - Adverse reactions, toxicities, and drug interactions of newer antidepressants:
      anticholinergic, sedative, and other side effects.

PMID- 6427839
TI  - Nutritional deficiency states in paediatric practice.

PMID- 6427840
TI  - [Identification and sensitivity of Streptococci to antibiotics].
AB  - In the first part of this research, the author accentuates the quick and easy
      identification of the Streptococcus by means of Latex-test, testing at the same
      time the bacitracin. In the second part, the antibiotic sensitivity is tested on
      354 strains of Streptococci.

PMID- 6427841
TI  - Similar ultraviolet action spectra for the protection by glycerol of transforming
      DNA against single-strand breaks and inactivation of biological activity.
AB  - An action spectrum for the protection of purified DNA by glycerol against the
      induction of single-strand breaks in the DNA by ultraviolet (uv) light is
      described. Protection was not observed below 300 nm, was maximal between 334 and
      365 nm, and decreased at 405 nm. This spectrum closely matched the spectrum for
      the protection by glycerol against the inactivation of biological transforming
      activity by near uv, described previously. Also, deviations from the reciprocity
      rule are similar for inactivation of transforming activity and for induction of
      DNA breaks by 365-nm radiation. That is, the deviations for the two end points
      are quantitatively the same, such that high fluence rates are less effective than
      low fluence rates.

PMID- 6427842
TI  - 228Th retention and dosimetry in beagles.
AB  - Total-body and skeletal retention of 228Th were determined in a group of 104
      young adult male and female beagles for about the first 7 years after the
      injection of 0.00159 to 2.76 muCi/kg. Ratios of 224Ra / 228Th , 212Pb / 228Th ,
      and 212Bi / 228Th in the skeleton and in soft tissues of 20 beagles were measured
      as a function of time after injection. A humerus, femur, and ulna from 20 dogs
      dying 7 to 554 days after injection were sectioned, and the 228Th concentration
      was obtained for each piece. Percentage biological retention in the skeleton of
      228Th at t days after injection could be described as 68.1 e-0. 000180t . Ratios
      of daughter-to-parent activity in soft tissue showed no definite trend with dose
      level or time and averaged Ra/Th = 0.56, Pb/Th = 0.83, and Bi/Th = 0.91, whereas
      the ratios for the skeleton varied with both dose level and time. Ratios of
      activity in the skeleton from lowest to highest dose level after 2 years
      following injection ranged between Ra/Th = 0.88 to 0.95, Pb/Th = 0.78 to 0.92,
      and Bi/Th = 0.77 to 0.90. Retained 228Th was deposited most heavily in parts of
      the skeleton with much trabecular bone, much bone surface area, and high bone
      remodeling rates. No changes in this deposition pattern could be discerned during
      the 554 days over which the measurements of sectioned long bones were made.

PMID- 6427843
TI  - [Effect of lithium carbonate on the leukocyte count as affected by ionizing
      radiation. 1. Lithium carbonate as a modifier of leukocyte depression in rats
      after whole body irradiation].

PMID- 6427844
TI  - [Electrocardiographic findings during radiotherapy in the thoracic area. 1].

PMID- 6427845
TI  - Contrast enhancement of magnetic resonance images by chromium EDTA: an
      experimental study.
AB  - Chromium EDTA was evaluated as an intravenous contrast agent for magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging in vitro and in vivo in rabbits and rats. The effect of Cr
      EDTA on T1 and T2 values in vitro was first quantitated by spectroscopy at 2.5
      MHz, followed by animal trials in which the effects of intravenous injection of
      Cr EDTA on calculated T1 MR images (obtained by the spin- warp technique at 1.7
      MHz) were determined. Following administration of chromium EDTA, differences in
      T1 values between normal and abnormal kidneys were noted, renal hydronephrosis
      and renal ischemia were readily identified by the pattern of change in T1, and
      changes were observed in the normal rabbit brain and in tumors implanted in rats.
      It is concluded that the use of stable paramagnetic metal ion chelates, such as
      Cr EDTA, as intravenous contrast agents in MR imaging is feasible and that such
      agents would make possible the observation of tissue vascularity, breakdown of
      the blood-brain barrier, and renal function.

PMID- 6427846
TI  - External-beam irradiation of carcinoma of the penis.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with biopsy-proved squamous-cell carcinoma of the penis
      underwent external-beam radiation therapy between 1966 and 1980. Fifteen were
      treated for the primary tumor and 9 for metastatic inguinal lymphadenopathy; no
      patient received prophylactic nodal irradiation. Doses ranged from 4,500 rad (45
      Gy)/15 fractions/3 wk. to 6,400 rad (64 Gy)/32 fractions/6 1/2 wk. Seven out of 9
      tumors in stage I, 2/3 in stage II, and 1/3 in stage IV were controlled for three
      years. Control of fixed, inoperable groin nodes was poor, and none of these
      patients survived beyond 1 1/2 years.

PMID- 6427847
TI  - Carbon dioxide as a lighter-than-urine contrast medium for percutaneous
      nephrostomy.
AB  - Carbon dioxide was used either alone or in combination with standard triiodinated
      contrast media in 32 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy. Carbon
      dioxide was used to opacify the posterior calyces, which are the uppermost
      structures in the kidney of the prone or prone-oblique patient. Carbon dioxide is
      usually injected in small amounts (20-40 cm3), although clinical and laboratory
      data indicate that it can be used as the only medium in large amounts with
      complete safety. There were no complications.

PMID- 6427848
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of lithium preparations in patients.
AB  - Equivalent oral dosages (800 mg, 21.6 mmol) of standard ( Lithicarb ) and
      sustained-release ( Priadel ) lithium carbonate preparations were administered
      using a randomised cross-over design to six patients receiving long-term lithium
      maintenance and eight healthy student volunteers. In both patients and students
      there were no significant differences between the two lithium preparations for
      plasma lithium level curves, bioavailability or total urinary excretion rates.
      There were no differences in peak lithium concentrations (C max) between the two
      preparations in both patients and students, although the times to maximal levels
      (T max) were delayed after Priadel in patients and volunteers. These data
      indicate that Priadel is a delayed-release rather than a true sustained-release
      preparation.

PMID- 6427849
TI  - Measurement of icosanoids. Report of the Group for Standardization of Methods in
      Icosanoid Research.
AB  - This statement from laboratories highly qualified in icosanoid analysis
      identifies the urgent need for the availability of the following compounds in
      labeled (deuterium and tritium) and unlabeled form: PGE2 PGF2 alpha PGD2 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha Thromboxane B2 9 alpha,20-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxo-2,3- dinorprost -5
      enoic acid 9 alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-2,3,18,19- tetranorprost -5-ene-1,20-dioic
      acid 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha 5 alpha-7 alpha
      dihydroxy-11- ketotetranorprosta -1,16-dioic acid 7 alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketo-
      tetranorprosta -1,16-dioic acid 2,3 dinor-thromboxane B2 2,3 dinor-6-keto-PGF1
      alpha 2,3 dinor-6,15-diketo 13,14 dihydro-20-carboxyl-PGF1 alpha 2,3 dinor-13,14
      dihydro-6,15-diketo-PGF1 alpha LTB4 LTC4 LTD4 LTE4 LTF4 20-OH-LTB4 20-COOH-LTB4 5
      HETE 12-HETE 15-HETE omega-OH-12-HETE 5S, 12S-di HETE 5S, 15S-di HETE HHT other
      hydroxylated polyunsaturated fatty acids and their epoxides.

PMID- 6427850
TI  - Prostaglandin D2 lowers nuclear DNA polymerase activity in cultured mastocytoma
      cells.
AB  - Prostaglandin D2 strongly inhibited growth of cultured mastocytoma P-815, 2-E-6
      cells, which were established and cloned from mouse mast tumor cells. The
      inhibition was dose-dependent (IC50=2.09 x 10-5 M). Prostaglandin D2 also
      inhibited the DNA synthesizing activity of the cells dose-dependently. We next
      measured the activities of endogenous DNA polymerases extracted from untreated
      and prostaglandin D2-treated cells. Prostaglandin D2-treated cells were the same
      suggesting there was no gross change in the size of the enzyme. Prostaglandin D2
      pretreatment of the cells reduced endogenous DNA polymerase beta activity to 68%
      of the control value; the sedimentation coefficients of the enzymes from treated
      and untreated cells were both 3.5 S. Interestingly, prostaglandin D2 had no
      direct inhibitory effect on the activity of either DNA polymerase alpha or beta.
      Our results indicate that the activities of DNA polymerase alpha and beta are
      lower in prostaglandin D2-treated mastocytoma cells. This finding accounts for
      the lower level of DNA synthesis in these cells.

PMID- 6427851
TI  - 2-(6-carboxyhexyl)cyclopentanone hexylhydrazone: a potent inhibitor of the blood
      platelet cyclo-oxygenase.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that 13-azaprostanoic acid (13-APA) is a
      potent and specific antagonist of thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) at
      the platelet receptor level. In the present study we evaluated the effects of a
      new azaprostanoid , 2-(6- carboxyhexyl ) cyclopentanone hexylhydrazone (CPH), on
      human platelet function. This hydrazone was found to completely inhibit
      arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation at 1 microM CPH. On the other
      hand, CPH was not an effective inhibitor of PGH2-induced aggregation.
      Furthermore, 100 microM CPH was completely ineffective in blocking platelet
      aggregation stimulated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or the stable prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analog U46619 (which presumably acts at the TXA2/PGH2 receptor).
      Measurement of platelet thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production demonstrated tha the
      primary site-of-action of CPH is at the cyclo-oxygenase level. Thus, CP inhibited
      TXB2 formation from AA in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 microM-100 microM CPH)2.
      In contrast, CPH blocked TXB2 production from PGH2 only at the highest CPH
      concentration tested, i.e., 100 microM. These results indicate that relative to
      13-APA, addition of a second nitrogen at C14 and a double bond between the 12-
      and 13- positions results in a loss of receptor activity but produces a high
      affinity for the platelet cyclo-oxygenase.

PMID- 6427852
TI  - Analogs of arachidonic acid methylated at C-7 and C-10 as inhibitors of
      leukotriene biosynthesis.
AB  - The syntheses and biological activity of (all Z)-7,7-dimethyl-5,8,11,14-
      eicosatetraenoic acid, (all Z)-7,7,-dimethyl-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z)
      7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid, (all Z)-10,10-dimethyl-5,8,11,14
      eicosatetraenoic acid, (all Z)-10,10-dimethyl-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, and
      rac.-(Z,Z)-15-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid are described. These
      arachidonic acid analogs are all inhibitors of ionophore-induced SRS-A
      biosynthesis in rat peritoneal cells. Their mode of action may involve inhibition
      of phospholipase A2 rather than delta 5-lipoxygenase. These compounds failed to
      exhibit significant activity in an in vivo model designed to detect inhibitors of
      antigen-induced, leukotriene-mediated bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 6427853
TI  - Renal arachidonic acid metabolism and cellular changes in the rabbit renal vein
      constricted kidney: inflammation as a common process in renal injury models.
AB  - The process of renal inflammation was examined using the partial renal vein
      constricted rabbit kidney ( RVC ) as a model. Forty eight hours of partial renal
      vein constriction in the rabbit was associated with an increase in prostaglandin
      (PG) and thromboxane (Tx) production. The ex vivo perfused RVC kidney showed an
      enhanced time-dependent increase in PG and Tx production in response to
      bradykinin stimulation when compared with the unaltered contralateral ( CLK ) or
      normal kidney. At 6 hrs of perfusion bradykinin stimulation released 2950 +/- 350
      ng PGE2, 61 +/- 15 ng TxB2 from the RVC , and 225 +/- 85 ng PGE2 and undetectable
      TxB2 from the CLK . Histological examination of the RVC cortex showed an increase
      in fibroblast-like cells, a modest increase in the interstitial space and an
      appearance of macrophages and lymphocytes not seen in the normal or CLK .
      Endotoxin has been reported to stimulate macrophages in culture to produce PGE2
      and TxB2. Endotoxin (100 ng) stimulation of the perfused RVC kidney caused an
      immediate, followed by a chronically increasing, release of PGs and Tx. Two hours
      after endotoxin injection 50 ml of effluent from the RVC contained 1450 +/- 107
      ng PGE2 and 15.0 +/- 4.5 ng TxB2. Other animals of renal inflammation (e.g., the
      hydronephrotic kidney, chronic glomerulonephritis) also show the histological
      appearance of macrophages. In addition, hydronephrotic kidneys undergo fibroblast
      proliferation and changes in arachidonic acid metabolism similar to that we
      observed in the RVC . This work suggests that the inflammatory process
      (mononuclear cell infiltration, fibroblast-like cell proliferation, and
      accompanying changes in arachidonate metabolism is common among different forms
      of renal injury.

PMID- 6427854
TI  - Nurse education--identification of problems and a range of solutions.

PMID- 6427855
TI  - Hospital nurses' award--state. Part 1.

PMID- 6427856
TI  - Staffing campaign--the survey stage.

PMID- 6427857
TI  - Part-time benefits secured.

PMID- 6427858
TI  - [Analysis of the cost effectiveness of 2 school preventive programs].

PMID- 6427859
TI  - [Serum levels of free valproic acid].

PMID- 6427860
TI  - [Diet in oral and maxillofacial pathology].

PMID- 6427861
TI  - Quality control of steroid receptor assays in The Netherlands.

PMID- 6427862
TI  - Fluorometric studies on the binding of aflatoxin B1 to bovine serum albumin.
AB  - The quenching of dansylated BSA fluorescence by Aflatoxin B1 at the dansyl
      emission peak provided a useful method to study Aflatoxin B1 - BSA interaction,
      making evident one binding site with hydrophobic characteristics. The Ka = 4.0 X
      10(4) M-1 at 18 degrees C could assing to this site a role in Aflatoxin B1
      transport, but not in storage in the systemic circulation. Evidence supporting
      the presence of more binding sites, probably of similar characteristics as the
      former, was obtained from the study of the displacement of ANS bound to BSA by
      Aflatoxin B1, in spite of the fact that this interaction cannot be explained as a
      simple competition between ligands.

PMID- 6427863
TI  - Effect of CO2 induced pH changes on the response of isolated guinea pig tracheas
      to isoproterenol.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine the influence of carbon dioxide induced pH
      changes on the sensitivity of guinea pig airway smooth muscle to isoproterenol.
      The data indicate that alkalotic changes in media pH (pH 7.6 and 7.8) caused a
      significant decrease in the sensitivity of the airway to the beta-agonist when
      the tissue was at basal tone. When precontracted with histamine, however,
      acidosis (pH 7.0 and 7.2) enhanced, and alkalosis (pH 7.8) diminished the
      sensitivity of the smooth muscle to isoproterenol.

PMID- 6427864
TI  - Effects of cations, ionophores and hypoglycemic sulfonylureas on the fluorescence
      of fluorescein-labelled pancreatic islets.
AB  - The stimulation of Ca2+ inflow into pancreatic islet cells resulting from either
      an increase in extracellular K+ (from 5 to 37 mM) or Ca2+ (from 1 to 20 mM)
      concentration or the administration of tolbutamide, glibenclamide and the
      ionophores A23187 or X537A resulted in an apparent fall of cellular pH as judged
      from the fluorescence of islets prelabelled with fluorescein diacetate. In all
      cases, the decrease in pH was abolished when the experiments were repeated in the
      absence of extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that the cytosolic
      concentration of Ca2+ may affect the pH of islet cells, possibly by displacing H+
      from intracellular binding sites.

PMID- 6427865
TI  - Analysis of the wall permeability of blood vessels in the rat mesentery.
AB  - The transport of fluorescent tracer molecules of various molecular weights (MW
      340-300,000) within the blood vessels and through the vessel walls into the
      perivascular tissue of the rat mesentery was studied microscopically. Using a
      highly sensitive TV-tube the fluorescence intensities were transformed into video
      signals and recorded for subsequent analysis. The results show that small
      molecules, such as the water-soluble dye fluorescein-sodium ( F1Na ) (MW 340) can
      pass through the wall of all blood vessels with minimal delay, whereas the
      passage of large molecules, such as the serum proteins (MW greater than 60,000),
      depends very strongly on the diameter of the vessels and on the medium in which
      the mesentery is embedded during the observation. In this respect, no difference
      was registered between vessels of the arterial and of the venous part of the
      microcirculation. The large serum protein molecules moved through the blood
      vessel walls at specific leakage points. The small dye molecules, however,
      traversed the wall uniformly along the entire length of the blood vessel. The
      small-molecule behavior could be described by a passive diffusion model with a
      cylindrical diffusion source.

PMID- 6427866
TI  - Non-potentiation of myocardial lesions by isoproterenol in T. cruzi-infected
      rats.
AB  - The existing controversies on the pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease can be
      simplified into two theories: (1) "neurogenic" which is concerned with the
      denervation of the ganglion cells of the heart (chiefly parasympathetic),
      theoretically resulting in a relative sympathetic overdrive to the heart, and (2)
      "immunoallergic", concerned with myocarditis, evoked by antibodies related to
      myocardial and/or parasite products. It is known that both patients and animals
      with Chagas' disease exhibit such serologic antibodies. Heart-specific antibodies
      are known to potentiate myocardial lesions caused by isoproterenol. This
      observation may provide clues in terms of a link between these two theories of
      the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease by virtue of two mutually potentiating
      mechanisms. To test the above hypothesis groups of control and T. cruzi-infected
      rats were submitted to either two s.c. injections of isoproterenol HCl (190
      mg/kg) at 24 h intervals or saline solution. Ten days later, the survivors were
      killed, and gross heart lesions as well as a detailed histological grading of
      myocardial lesions were recorded. No differences were detected between control
      and T. cruzi-infected rats with respect to mortality, gross heart lesions, and
      myocardial histopathology after isoproterenol treatment. These results indicate
      no potentiation of myocardial lesions by isoproterenol in T. cruzi-infected rats.

PMID- 6427867
TI  - Pleuropulmonary involvement in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia. Case report.
AB  - Pleuropulmonary involvement secondary to Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia is
      described from a 70-year-old male. The radiographic abnormalities were unilateral
      pleural effusion and infiltration of the left lower lobe. There were no
      respiratory symptoms. After removal of the pleural fluid no other therapy was
      applied.

PMID- 6427868
TI  - [Sympathetic nervous system and response of the coronary artery to some drugs].

PMID- 6427869
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic effects of an isosorbide dinitrate tape on patients
      with congestive heart failure--comparative study with nitroglycerin ointment].

PMID- 6427870
TI  - The mechanisms of acid-base and ionoregulation in the freshwater rainbow trout
      during environmental hyperoxia and subsequent normoxia. I. Extra- and
      intracellular acid-base status.
AB  - The extracellular acid-base status of the freshwater rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) was continuously monitored during 24 h normoxia (PIO2 = 120-150 torr;
      control), 72 h hyperoxia (PIO2 = 500-600 torr) and 24 h return to normoxia.
      Hyperoxia induced a marked respiratory acidosis (delta pHe = -0.23 unit) due to a
      3-fold elevation in arterial CO2 tension which was completely compensated over 72
      h by a comparable rise in plasma bicarbonate, reflecting effective removal of
      acidic equivalents from the ECF. Upon return to normoxia, arterial CO2 tension
      rapidly returned to normal against a background of high plasma bicarbonate,
      provoking a metabolic alkalosis which was largely compensated by 24 h. This
      effective restoration of acidic equivalents in the ECF occurred more rapidly than
      the original removal. Intracellular acid-base status was measured during normoxia
      and after 72 h hyperoxia using the steady state distribution of 14C-DMO. The rate
      of 14C-DMO excretion was 0.479 +/- 0.048 (% DMO lost per hour) during normoxia,
      and significantly decreased with hyperoxia. A considerable overestimate of mean
      whole body pHi would have resulted had this not been taken into account. Whole
      body and white expaxial muscle were similar with a pHe - pHi gradient of ca. 0.5
      during normoxia, and underwent identical changes during hyperoxia. Intracellular
      pH was completely compensated by 72 h hyperoxia as intracellular bicarbonate
      increased 4-fold. The overall net removal of acidic equivalents from the ICFV was
      approximately one half that from the ECFV , but pHe regulation did not occur at
      the expense of pHi regulation. The ultimate restoration of both pHe and pHi
      during hyperoxia must have occurred via kidney or gills.

PMID- 6427871
TI  - Oscillations of medullary extracellular fluid pH caused by breathing.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if respiratory oscillations of
      arterial PCO2 are transmitted to the medullary ECF. Anesthetized, paralyzed cats
      whose vagi and carotid sinus nerves had been cut were studied. A flat surfaced pH
      electrode (2 mm in diameter) and a specially built differential amplifier were
      used to measure pH on the ventral surface of the medulla. Elimination of noise
      and high sensitivity were obtained by integrating the output from the pH
      amplifier with a digital voltmeter . We measured ECF pH oscillations that had the
      same period as the ventilator. The amplitude of the oscillations was about 0.006
      unit when the ventilator was slow (less than 10/min). The amplitude decreased
      progressively as the rate was increased and oscillations were usually
      undetectable at rates above 25/min. Experiments were performed that ruled out
      mechanical artifact and ventilator-related fluctuations in arterial pressure as
      being causal. We conclude that oscillations of alveolar CO2 are transmitted to
      the brain by the circulation and result in oscillations of ECF pH.

PMID- 6427872
TI  - Alveolar-arterial equilibration in the lung of sheep.
AB  - In order to compare the efficiency of sheep lung with that of dog, gaseous
      exchange in hypoxia (FIO2 0.12-0.13) with and without CO in the inspired air (
      FICO 0.001) was measured in 12 sheep (mean body weight = 30.4 kg) under pentothal
      anesthesia and artificial ventilation. Alveolar-arterial pressure difference of
      O2, % venous admixture and amount of VA/Q inhomogeneity were found to be
      substantially larger than in dog. Steady-state pulmonary diffusing capacity
      estimates, computed by three different procedures were, both for O2 and for CO,
      about 40% smaller than in dog. The DLO2/DLCO ratios were not significantly
      different from those determined on dog data: thus, the presumed beneficial effect
      of sheep small erythrocytes on O2 transfer could not be demonstrated. Because its
      DLO2/MO2 ratio is lower than that of dog, sheep appears to be more adequate than
      dog as a model for human alveolar-arterial gas exchange.

PMID- 6427873
TI  - [Radiological aspects of congenital intramural vesicular diverticulosis].

PMID- 6427874
TI  - [Basic diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic principles in asthma. III.
      Therapeutic principles].

PMID- 6427875
TI  - [Partial epilepsies of adolescence with computer tomography abnormalities,
      localized astrocytic reaction and spontaneously remitting course].
AB  - Four teenagers with partial epileptic seizures presented focal cortical enhanced
      CT scan images. Angiographies were normal. Stereotactic biopsies revealed
      astrocytic proliferation. CT scan abnormalities diminished or vanished in some
      months. On long-term follow-up seizures were either less frequent or disappeared.
      None of the possible aetiologic hypotheses (astrocytoma, encephalitis,
      sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, vascular malformation) was fully satisfying.
      Nevertheless, a regressive evolution observed in these four patients demonstrates
      that acquired epileptogenic lesions during adolescence are not always of poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 6427876
TI  - [Effectiveness of some immunological tests in the diagnosis of hydatidosis].

PMID- 6427877
TI  - [Continuous flow enteral nutrition with a portable pump in children].

PMID- 6427878
TI  - A new case of gamma-heavy chain disease (LIA protein) with deletion of the hinge
      region.
AB  - An IgG1K monoclonal component with abnormal covalent H and L chains structure
      (LIA protein) was identified during a systematic screening of myeloma proteins by
      means of non-reducing/reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using
      immunochemical and immunogenetic analysis the mutation was characterized as a
      hinge region deletion, with loss of L-H and H-H disulphide bridges and direct L-L
      bonds. Moreover, non-expression of the G1m(z) allotype suggested that the
      deletion might start at residue 216, a preferential site previously observed in
      other HCD proteins. This feature is in agreement with the discontinuous structure
      of immunoglobulin CH genes and suggests that an abnormal switch mechanism is
      responsible for the deletion.

PMID- 6427879
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative chronic liver
      diseases.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were investigated by the fluid-phase C1q
      binding test in serum samples from 131 subjects with various clinical types of
      HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis diagnosed on both clinical
      and laboratory criteria, including liver biopsy; serum samples from 28
      asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 75 healthy controls were also examined. The
      results of these findings were correlated with the liver damage and the clinical
      course of the disease. CIC were detected in all categories of chronic hepatitis
      with a significant prevalence only in patients with liver cirrhosis. No
      correlation was found between the levels of CIC, the presence of circulating
      HBsAg, and active inflammation or necrosis in any of the different types of
      chronic hepatitis. In contrast, a highly significant correlation was found
      between the prevalence of CIC and a more severe prognosis in patients with CAH
      and liver cirrhosis. The findings suggest that the presence of CIC is not
      specific for a given type of chronic liver disease and that they do not play any
      role in the pathogenesis of liver damage. The correlation observed between the
      presence of CIC and an unfavourable course of chronic liver disease suggests that
      CIC may modify the host's immune defence mechanisms.

PMID- 6427880
TI  - Factor VIII-related activities after 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin in
      multicentric reticulohistiocytosis.
AB  - A woman with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, having symptoms including
      bleeding and a borderline level of factor VIII, was given an i.v. infusion of
      DDAVP as a pharmacological test to evaluate the release of factor VIII-related
      properties from storage sites. The results show a reduced response to DDAVP in
      the patient in comparison with a normal control subject. This could be due either
      to a defect in the release of the factor VIII complex after DDAVP or to a reduced
      synthesis and/or storage capacity by the storage cells.

PMID- 6427881
TI  - Gonadotropin secretion in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
AB  - Gonadotropin patterns were evaluated in a group of 70 patients of both sexes with
      Graves' disease or primary hypothyroidism. Significant variations were found only
      in hyperthyroidism where increased basal and stimulated values of both
      gonadotropins, but particularly LH, occurred. Qualitative and quantitative
      recovery was seen when euthyroid states were achieved after treatment of hyper-
      and hypothyroid patients. Interactions with gonadotropin behavior were found in
      both sexes and in women of different ages. Direct interference on the hypothalamo
      pituitary system rather than through the modulation of peripheral estrogen
      metabolism is suggested as the possible pathogenetic mechanism.

PMID- 6427882
TI  - Activation of human complement by crude and purified antigens from Echinococcus
      granulosus.
AB  - Hydatid cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus was found to interact with human
      complement. This interaction resulted in the depletion of hemolytic complement in
      normal serum and in the electrophoretic conversion of C3 and factor B. The
      results provided evidence of an activation of complement via the alternative
      pathway when hydatid cyst fluid was used in the mixtures. Also purified hydatid
      antigen preparations were found to interact with complement in vitro; this
      interaction resulted in the consumption of complement not only via the
      alternative pathway, but also via the classical pathway.

PMID- 6427883
TI  - [Nursing care plan in practice: comparison of 2 experiences].

PMID- 6427884
TI  - [Rehabilitation in head injuries: a small privilege?].

PMID- 6427885
TI  - [Therapeutic choices made by patients with end-stage tumors].

PMID- 6427886
TI  - [Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization in the hospital].

PMID- 6427887
TI  - [Epidemiology of tumors. I. Why the major part of tumors are preventable].

PMID- 6427888
TI  - [Report from Zimbabwe].

PMID- 6427889
TI  - [The impending crisis of old age: a challenge to ingenuity].

PMID- 6427890
TI  - [The professional nurse: contribution to a role definition].

PMID- 6427891
TI  - [Epidemiology of tumors. II. The causes of cancer].

PMID- 6427892
TI  - [The interview as a technic. Data collection in epidemiology].

PMID- 6427893
TI  - [The problem of the elderly. Pilot study in a nursing home].

PMID- 6427894
TI  - [The child with problems: preliminary results of a multicenter study].

PMID- 6427895
TI  - [Measurement of the degree of dependency of patients].

PMID- 6427896
TI  - [Role of the professional nurse in general medicine].

PMID- 6427897
TI  - [Experience of a nurse in research by the Medical Research Council (MRC) on
      hypertension].

PMID- 6427898
TI  - [An approach to permanent education of faculty of schools for professional
      nurses].

PMID- 6427899
TI  - [The role of coagulation in thrombosis].

PMID- 6427900
TI  - [Administration of antineoplastic agents: a practice which carries a professional
      risk].

PMID- 6427901
TI  - [Report of a trip in Central America].

PMID- 6427902
TI  - [Nursing process: towards verification of a definition].

PMID- 6427903
TI  - [Audit: by whom?].

PMID- 6427904
TI  - [Migration of care: pilot study on south-north flow in pediatrics].

PMID- 6427905
TI  - [Pharmacy, handbook and education in psychiatry. The experience of Pordehone].

PMID- 6427906
TI  - [Death in the hospital].

PMID- 6427907
TI  - [Prevention of accidents: results of an experience].

PMID- 6427908
TI  - [New word in medicine: the monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 6427909
TI  - [Practical advice for assistance to the aphasic patient].

PMID- 6427910
TI  - [Enteral nutrition].

PMID- 6427911
TI  - [Anthropometric nutritional study of preschool children in low income areas of
      the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil].

PMID- 6427912
TI  - [Ecological aspects of South American trypanosomiasis. XX-- Development and
      annual cycles of Panstrongylus megistus colonies in artificial ecotopes, in peri-
      and extradomiciliary environments].

PMID- 6427913
TI  - [Recent proposed changes in the anthropometric evaluation of the nutritional
      status of children: a critical evaluation].

PMID- 6427914
TI  - A single step polarographic assay of glycogen in muscle tissue and a note on the
      action of amyloglucosidase.
AB  - A rapid, single step polarographic assay of glycogen in KOH digests of muscle is
      presented. Amyloglucosidase is used to hydrolyse the glycogen to glucose, which
      is then immediately reacted with glucose oxidase. The method has a good
      reproducibility, is rapid, and requires as little as 0.7 mg freeze-dried muscle
      powder. From comparison of the rate of reaction of glycogen in the complete assay
      mixture with those of alpha- and beta-D-glucose, it was concluded that in the
      hydrolysis of glycogen--a polymer of alpha-D-glucose--by amyloglucosidase, the
      immediate and only product is beta-D-glucose. This suggests that during
      hydrolysis, the pyranose ring is opened at carbon 1, and that carbon 1 is rotated
      to the beta-configuration before closure.

PMID- 6427915
TI  - Extraction from bone powder: collagen, calcium and phosphate.
AB  - A method for the estimation of the extraction rate is shown and exemplified by
      preliminary data from extraction of collagen, calcium and phosphate with EDTA and
      neutral salt solution. The initial extraction rate was high, even with neutral
      salt solution, and optimal extraction efficiency was obtained within 24 h.

PMID- 6427916
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in relation to liver function in men with
      alcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - Serum concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
      luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were
      significantly (P less than 0.01) raised in men with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
      (no. = 42) compared with age-matched controls (no. = 20). No significant
      difference was observed when comparing serum testosterone concentrations.
      Patients were divided into three groups in accordance with the severity of liver
      cirrhosis, using biochemical and clinical criteria. Patients with the best
      preserved liver function (no. = 11) and patients with moderately affected liver
      function (no. = 18) had significantly (P less than 0.05) raised serum
      concentrations of testosterone, FSH, and LH when compared with both controls and
      patients with severely affected liver function (no. = 13). Serum concentrations
      of testosterone, FSH, and LH in the latter group showed no significant
      differences from the controls. Serum concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol
      were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in all patient groups, and serum
      oestrone increased with decreasing liver function. No significant differences
      were observed concerning SHBG concentrations in the three groups of patients.
      Dexamethasone suppression did not change the concentration of testosterone
      significantly, but oestrone and oestradiol concentrations decreased significantly
      (P less than 0.01) in controls and patients. In patients, but not in controls, a
      significant (P less than 0.01) increase in FSH and LH concentrations was observed
      after dexamethasone suppression. The mean percentage increase of FSH and LH was
      higher the greater the severity of liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6427917
TI  - Effect of verapamil on gastric secretion in man.
AB  - To elucidate the role of calcium as a second messenger in gastric acid secretion,
      the effect of the calcium antagonist verapamil was studied in healthy subjects.
      Verapamil had no inhibitory effect on acid and pepsin secretion, stimulated with
      histamine, 6.4 micrograms X kg-1h-1 (no. = 6); pentagastrin, 0.10 micrograms X kg
      1h-1 (no. = 9); or modified sham feeding (no. = 7). The results do not exclude
      the possibility that influx of calcium through channels in the parietal cell
      membrane could be of importance in the stimulus-secretion coupling of acid
      secretion. The results suggest, however, that these channels are not blocked by
      verapamil.

PMID- 6427918
TI  - Immunologic evaluation of T chronic lymphocyte leukaemia cells in a patient with
      a concomitant IgA2 myeloma.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with OKT3, OKT4, OKT17 positive T CLL
      and a concomitant IgA2/lambda myeloma were found to be suppressive in
      cocultivation experiments and after in vitro preactivation . Although chromosomal
      analysis after stimulation with T or B cell mitogens suggested a common origin of
      the two malignancies, T cells did not carry structures recognized by an anti
      idiotypic antiserum raised against the purified M-component. Only Fc mu receptors
      were found on the T cells with conventional rosetting assays, although a weak
      binding of Latex particles coated with the purified IgA M-component could
      occasionally be recorded. When purified T cells were submitted to FACS-analysis
      after incubation with the FITC-conjugated purified M-component, two subsets could
      easily be distinguished in normal T cells, whereas only the high affinity-binding
      subset could be found in the patient.

PMID- 6427919
TI  - Alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse syngeneic influenza-infected tumour
      cell targets.
AB  - Spleen cells from C57BL/10(H-2b) mice, when stimulated in vitro to Kk
      alloantigens, lysed syngeneic influenza A virus-infected tumour cell targets but
      not uninfected or vaccinia- or Sendai virus-infected targets. Peritoneal
      macrophage targets infected with influenza virus were not lysed. Lysis of H-2k
      targets and EL4-A influenza virus-infected targets was abrogated by treatment of
      effectors with anti-Thy 1.2 plus C and anti-Lyt 2 plus C but not by anti-Lyt 1
      plus C or anti-GM-1, a natural killer cell-specific, monoclonal antibody plus C.
      Cold target inhibition experiments indicated that one and the same population of
      Tc cells see H-2Kk and H-2b plus influenza virus. Sensitization of C57BL/10 mice
      to Kk in vivo did not potentiate virus clearance from lungs. The data are
      discussed in relation to observed Ir gene effects and variation and modulation of
      H-2 antigens on tumour cells.

PMID- 6427920
TI  - Different fate of antibodies to surface IgM and IgD in germinal centre cell
      associated lymphomas.
AB  - In all of four human germinal centre cell-associated B lymphomas carrying sIgM +
      sIgD F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit antibodies to human mu-chain were accumulated
      intracellularly, whereas the accumulation of antibodies to delta-chain was
      considerably less abundant. The accumulation of antibodies to light chain was
      intermediate between antibodies to mu- and delta-chain. These results could be
      explained by the following observations: (i) the difference in the level of
      reexpression of sIgM and sIgD and (ii) the discovery that antibodies to delta
      chain bound to reexpressed sIgD were degraded at a higher rate than those bound
      to primary sIgD and at a higher rate than antibodies to mu-chain, whether bound
      to primary or reexpressed sIgM.

PMID- 6427921
TI  - [Neisseria meningitidis B and E. coli K1: different genes causing the production
      of an identical capsule. Preliminary communication].
AB  - E. coli of type K 1 and meningococcus of group B have identical capsules. Using
      gene cloning and nuclear hybridization, the authors show that the genes
      responsible for capsule production differ in the two bacteria (no DNA homology).

PMID- 6427922
TI  - [Bolus injection, short infusion or intravenous drip of aminoglycoside
      antibiotics? In vivo study with netilmicin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The efficacy of various dosage schedules of netilmicin against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa has been compared using an in vivo model (normal and granulocytopenic
      mice). Bolus injections were at least as effective as simulated short infusions
      or simulated continuous infusions of identical total amounts of netilmicin.

PMID- 6427923
TI  - The interleukin-2 T-cell system: a new cell growth model.
AB  - Synchronized interleukin-2 receptor-positive T cells, homogeneous immunoaffinity
      purified interleukin-2, and a monoclonal antibody to interleukin-2 receptors were
      used to show that only three factors are critical for T-cell cycle progression:
      interleukin-2 concentration, interleukin-2 receptor density, and the duration of
      the interleukin-2 receptor interaction. Since the proliferative characteristics
      of T cells are identical to those of both prokaryotic and all other eukaryotic
      cells, these findings provide a new model that accounts fully for the variables
      that determine cell cycle progression.

PMID- 6427924
TI  - Unique enzyme targets neuropeptide.

PMID- 6427925
TI  - Site-specific mutagenesis of the human interleukin-2 gene: structure-function
      analysis of the cysteine residues.
AB  - The gene encoding human interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been cloned from human spleen
      cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the Jurkat cell line. Nucleotide
      sequence analysis of the gene revealed that the encoded IL-2 protein has three
      cysteines located at amino acid residues 58, 105, and 125 of the mature protein.
      Site-specific mutagenesis procedures were used to modify the IL-2 gene by
      changing each of the cysteine codons individually to serine codons. Substitution
      of serine for cysteine residues at either position 58 or 105 of the IL-2 protein
      substantially reduced biological activity, indicating that the cysteines at these
      positions are necessary for maintenance of the biologically active conformation
      and may therefore be linked by a disulfide bridge. The modified IL-2 protein
      containing a substitution at position 125 retained full biological activity,
      suggesting that the cysteine at this position is not involved in a disulfide bond
      and that a free sulfhydryl group at that position is not necessary for receptor
      binding.

PMID- 6427926
TI  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a novel immunoregulatory hormone.
AB  - The hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], at
      picomolar concentrations, inhibited the growth-promoting lymphokine interleukin
      2, which is produced by human T lymphocytes activated in vitro by the mitogen
      phytohemagglutinin. Other metabolites of vitamin D3 were less effective than
      1,25(OH)2D3 in suppressing interleukin-2; their order of potency corresponded to
      their respective affinity for the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor, suggesting that the
      effect on interleukin-2 was mediated by this specific receptor. The proliferation
      of mitogen-activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3. This effect
      of the hormone became more pronounced at later stages of the culture. These
      findings demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 is an immunoregulatory hormone.

PMID- 6427927
TI  - Auranofin: a unique oral chrysotherapeutic agent.
AB  - Auranofin is a chemically unique gold coordination complex with demonstrated
      antiarthritic properties on oral administration. Its pharmacokinetic and
      immunologic profiles are distinct from injectable gold compounds. When auranofin
      is added to a regimen of salicylates and/or a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
      for the treatment of RA, significant additional therapeutic benefit is observed.
      Published studies indicate that auranofin given 6 mg per day approaches the
      efficacy of parenteral gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid disease.
      Noticeable improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters of disease activity
      has been observed by the third month of auranofin therapy. Further benefit occurs
      in some patients during the remainder of the first year of treatment. In the more
      than 3,000 patients treated with auranofin, the most frequently reported side
      effects were gastrointestinal (mainly diarrhea) and mucocutaneous. Most side
      effects were mild in nature and the withdrawal rate due to all adverse reactions
      averaged 11%. Auranofin differs from injectable gold by producing more
      gastrointestinal but fewer mucocutaneous reactions. The severity of these
      reactions is less with auranofin and causes fewer withdrawals from therapy.

PMID- 6427928
TI  - Neutrophil labeling: problems and pitfalls.
AB  - The use of neutrophils labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides has been shown
      to be acceptable for in vivo kinetic studies as well as for imaging inflammatory
      foci. Among the gamma-emitting radionuclides, indium-111 appears to be the agent
      of choice. Labeling neutrophils with 111In, however, is a relatively new
      technique. Although simple to perform, it involves several stages, none of which
      could be carried out without problems. These are discussed and the current
      research aimed at eliminating the problems is outlined. The knowledge of specific
      chemotactic receptors and surface antigens has stimulated investigations into
      selective neutrophil labeling that will continue to be challenging and exciting.

PMID- 6427929
TI  - Radiolabeling of platelets.
AB  - The radiolabeling of platelets has been studied for many years, both with
      megakaryocytes labeled in vivo and with direct platelet labels in vitro. The
      major aim of this work has been to evaluate platelet interactions in vivo. This
      has been made possible with indium-111-labeled platelets. The radionuclide is
      easily imaged and can be incorporated into platelets with ease. Unfortunately,
      the lipophilic complex used is not platelet-specific and must be exposed only to
      the isolated cell population for specific labeling. This requires isolation of
      platelets from whole blood followed by one of many variations of differential
      centrifugation, buffer washes, and resuspension techniques that have been
      reported. The major differences in these techniques are the resuspension media,
      the incubation time, and the ligand used. These variations are discussed with
      emphasis on known platelet characteristics and specific responses to these
      modifications.

PMID- 6427930
TI  - Nutritional support of the patient with esophageal cancer.

PMID- 6427931
TI  - Combined preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer of the
      esophagus: the Wayne State University, Southwest Oncology group and Radiation
      Therapy Oncology Group experience.

PMID- 6427932
TI  - The informative content of diagnostic tests: an economic analysis.
AB  - In medical literature the value of diagnostic tests is most of the time
      appreciated from their statistical properties (sensitivity and specificity) and
      from the prevalence of a given disease. In this paper we also take into account
      economic parameters such as the benefits and costs of the potential treatment
      under consideration and we present a simple and flexible algebraic expression of
      the informative value of a test. In this way the informative content of a test
      can be easily evaluated and the quality of an existing test can be compared to
      that of a theoretically 'perfect' one. Two examples taken from the medical
      literature illustrate our approach.

PMID- 6427933
TI  - Economic evaluation in primary health care: the case of Western Kenya community
      based health care project.
AB  - This paper describes the methodology and presents preliminary results of an
      economic appraisal of a community based health care project in Kenya. Community
      health workers, trained for 12 weeks and deployed in two locations in Kenya's
      Western Province, act as first contact providers of basic health care and
      promoters of selected health, sanitation and nutrition practices. A Cost Benefit
      Analysis has been undertaken using the Willingness to Pay approach to compare the
      costs of the project and its benefits. The benefits are in the form of more
      easily accessible basic health care and are measured as consumer surplus accruing
      to the community. Gain in consumer surplus is consequent on the fall of average
      user costs and rise in utilisation of the project established points of first
      contact with primary health care. The argument for the economic viability of the
      project is validated by the large Net Present Value and Benefit Cost Ratio
      obtained for the whole of the project area and for the two locations separately.
      Although the evaluation technique used faces the problem of valuation of
      community time, aggregation of health care services at all points of first
      contact and the partial nature of cost benefit analysis evaluations, the results
      are strongly in favour of decentralisation of primary health care on similar
      lines in the rest of the country.

PMID- 6427934
TI  - Accessibility to general hospitals in rural Bendel State, Nigeria.
AB  - The concern is growing in Nigeria as in many other developing countries that the
      rural population, in spite of its size, is the most neglected in the distribution
      of social facilities. Even in the rural areas the spatial disparity in the
      location of the few available facilities aggravates the problem of some segments
      of the population. The case of accessibility to general hospitals in rural Bendel
      State of Nigeria is examined in this paper because general hospitals are crucial
      to the success of the free medical delivery system being attempted in the state.
      Using some surrogate measures of accessibility the study attempts a
      classification of all the rural Local Government Areas in the state according to
      their relative accessibility to general hospitals. Finally, the paper discusses
      some implications of the findings for social services planning in Nigeria and
      other developing countries.

PMID- 6427935
TI  - Variability in the management of hypertension and cost-effectiveness:
      methodology, community care results and potential cost reductions.
AB  - This study examined factors contributing to variability in the cost-effectiveness
      of managing hypertension using the Weinstein and Stason methodology. Empirical
      analysis was based on resource use and blood pressure data from 160 persons ages
      25-64 in an urban community family practice center in 1976. The exploratory study
      presented results on blood pressure reduction, annual treatment costs, the
      importance of different cost factors, variability in management costs and
      potentials for increasing cost-effectiveness. For males cost-effectiveness
      estimates were similar to those of Weinstein and Stason , while the results for
      women were somewhat different due to less cost-effectiveness in hypertension
      management for older women. With small modifications in current Family Practice
      procedures the cost-effectiveness of managing hypertension appears to be able to
      be increased in many cases by as much as one-third.

PMID- 6427936
TI  - [Enteral nutrition].

PMID- 6427937
TI  - Diffuse esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis.
AB  - I have reported a case of esophageal pseudodiverticulosis, a benign disorder
      consisting of dysphagia and esophageal stricture. The diagnosis is made by the
      radiologic findings of multiple outpouchings into the esophageal wall. The
      disorder appears to be related to abnormal submucosal glands of the esophagus. No
      coexistent diseases have been found, and except for treatment of the associated
      esophageal stricture no specific therapy is required.

PMID- 6427938
TI  - Neurofibromatosis and primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Patients who have cutaneous and osseous neurofibromatosis, especially those with
      pathologic fractures, bone pain, roentgenographic evidence of cystic lesions, or
      hypercalcemia, should be evaluated carefully for the presence of a hormonally
      active parathyroid adenoma. They may have a reversible cause of osteitis fibrosa
      cystica. Palpation of the neck, serum and urine collections for measuring calcium
      and phosphorus levels, PTH determinations, bone roentgenograms, and bone biopsy
      help to establish the diagnosis.

PMID- 6427939
TI  - Affective bipolar disorder: effective prophylaxis with low doses of lithium
      carbonate.

PMID- 6427940
TI  - [Oracillin (or phenoxymethylpenicillin)].

PMID- 6427941
TI  - Chymopapain, chemonucleolysis, and nucleus pulposus regeneration. A biochemical
      and biomechanical study.
AB  - In the adult mongrel dog, in vivo injection of chymopapain into the
      intervertebral disc resulted, at two weeks, in disc space narrowing. However,
      [35S]sulfate labeling and proteoglycan characterization demonstrate that the
      nucleus retains the ability to synthesize proteoglycans, although they were
      degraded rapidly by residual proteolytic activity. Three months following
      chymopapain treatment, the intervertebral dog disc shows that an increase in disc
      height, return of nuclear material, and proteoglycan aggregate is present. At six
      months following chymopapain treatment, proteoglycans of similar characteristics
      to normal canine intervertebral disc are identified with a
      glucosamine/galactosamine ratio approaching normal values. Biomechanically, the
      short-term (30-120 minutes) in vitro effects of chymopapain appear to be the same
      as the carrier causing increased disc height, stiffness values, and creep rates.
      In the vivo study, after three weeks, chymopapain-injected discs had significant
      reductions in disc height and compressive stiffness, but the creep rate was
      increased substantially. However, at three months postinjection, these
      biomechanical properties began to reverse and approached those of the uninjected
      controls. The observations reported in this study suggest that chymopapain has a
      profound but reversible effect on normal canine intervertebral disc. The
      radiographic narrowing of the intervertebral disc following chymopapain injection
      correlates with loss of proteoglycan content, structure, and biomechanical
      properties. The restoration of normal disc height following chymopapain injection
      is explained by reconstitution of normal intervertebral disc. EDTA and cysteine
      used alone have no discernable in vivo enzymatic effect on intervertebral disc
      proteoglycan biochemistry. Chemonucleolysis with chymopapain would appear less
      likely to alter permanently proteoglycan biochemistry and the biomechanical
      properties of the disc than surgical excision in experimental animals.

PMID- 6427942
TI  - [ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in populations of the Lagunera region of Mexico
      (calculation of the incidence of single and double incompatibility between
      spouses and maternofetal incompatibility)].

PMID- 6427943
TI  - [The therapeutic effect of allopurinol on American trypanosomiasis (Chagas
      disease) in CFW mice].

PMID- 6427944
TI  - [Lactose intolerance, general remarks on diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6427945
TI  - The emergence of penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in
      Durban.
AB  - Gonorrhoea was diagnosed in 179 (87%) of 206 Black males who presented with
      urethritis at a sexually transmitted disease clinic at the King Edward VIII
      Hospital, Durban. Penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were
      detected in 7 (5%) of 140 gonococcal isolates, and a further 13 strains were
      relatively resistant to penicillin. Microscopic examination of Gram-stained
      smears provided a rapid presumptive diagnosis of gonorrhoea in 162 cases. The
      modified Thayer-Martin medium proved marginally superior to chocolate agar for
      the isolation of N. gonorrhoeae from urethral exudates. The causation and
      laboratory diagnosis of urethritis in males and the antibiotic susceptibility
      pattern of the gonococcal isolates are discussed.

PMID- 6427946
TI  - A laboratory assessment of the activities of four aminoglycosides.
AB  - An in vitro comparison of the activities of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and
      netilmicin against selected clinical isolates showed differences in the
      susceptibility of individual strains to the four drugs, as well as substantial
      differences in sensitivity patterns between genera. Sensitive strains of
      Klebsiella and Enterobacter were most susceptible to netilmicin, but amikacin was
      more active against resistant strains. Tobramycin was most active against
      sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but resistant strains were more
      susceptible to amikacin. In serious infections caused by these Gram-negative
      bacilli knowledge of the organism's identity and susceptibility may help in the
      selection of the most suitable aminoglycoside.

PMID- 6427947
TI  - Calcification of the pituitary stalk associated with the clinical diagnosis of
      schizophrenia.
AB  - Three male patients who were at some time diagnosed as schizophrenic are
      described. They all suffered from a degree of strangulation due to calcification
      of the pituitary stalk and may have been suffering from a variant of mesodermal
      hyperplastic disease given a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

PMID- 6427948
TI  - Nicotinic acid deficiency induced by sodium valproate.

PMID- 6427949
TI  - Towards a rational treatment of duodenal ulcer.
AB  - This review concerns itself with the current understanding of the control of
      gastric secretion and the application of this knowledge to the design of
      treatment for duodenal ulcer through the reduction of acid and pepsin load on the
      duodenal bulb. The control of gastric secretion is described under the headings:
      (i) neurohormonal; (ii) endocrine; (iii) paracrine; (iv) luminal; and (v)
      cellular. This discussion is followed by a description of the pathophysiology of
      gastric secretion in duodenal ulceration. The strategies of treatment are
      discussed under four headings: (i) postsecretory treatments; (ii) destruction of
      the gastric mucosa; (iii) alteration of neurohormonal controls; and (iv)
      modification or inhibition of the cellular mechanisms of acid and pepsin
      secretion. Several currently useful and potentially important new lines of
      treatment are described.

PMID- 6427950
TI  - The epilepsies among rural blacks.
AB  - One hundred and fifty-eight epileptic patients belonging to the Nguni tribe in
      Transkei were interviewed and examined; electro- encephalograms (EEGs) were
      recorded in 104. Partial epilepsy with secondary generalized seizures was
      diagnosed in 59%. Head trauma appeared to be the main aetiological factor in 18%.
      Thirty-five percent of the EEGs taken showed epileptiform activity. The
      community's attitude to the disease is described.

PMID- 6427951
TI  - Accidental esophageal intubation--a practical solution.

PMID- 6427952
TI  - Mucoid variant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in the oral cavity of a cystic
      fibrosis patient.

PMID- 6427953
TI  - Nutrition in the burned patient.

PMID- 6427954
TI  - The physiologic basis of the use of blood and blood products.

PMID- 6427955
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser surgery of the aerodigestive system.

PMID- 6427956
TI  - Intraoperative autotransfusion.

PMID- 6427957
TI  - Depression and delayed recovery of alveolar macrophage function during starvation
      and refeeding.
AB  - Malnourished patients are particularly vulnerable to pulmonary infection. In this
      study using a rat model, starvation was found to depress significantly the
      phagocytic capability of pulmonary alveolar macrophages which play important
      roles in the local cellular defenses of the lung. Intracellular bactericidal
      function of the alveolar macrophages was not affected. On refeeding, in spite of
      the rats regaining their body weights and the recuperation of certain systemic
      immune indexes, there was a delay in the recovery of alveolar macrophage
      phagocytic function.

PMID- 6427958
TI  - Bilateral hydrothorax as a life-threatening complication of central venous
      hyperalimentation.
AB  - Three patients who had hyperalimentation through central venous catheters had
      bilateral hydrothoraces which appeared to be the cause of death in two instances.
      Development of the vascular leakage may be delayed as it arises as a result of
      osmotic injury to the wall of the vein. Consideration of this potential
      complication of hyperalimentation is important since life-saving measures may be
      readily introduced once the diagnosis is established.

PMID- 6427959
TI  - Factor VIII-related antigen in occluded human arteries and grafts.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence was used to determine the disposition of factor VIII
      related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) in occluded arteries and grafts from patients
      undergoing reconstructive operation. The presence of VIIIR:Ag on the luminal
      surface of these vessels was equated with their endothelialization according to
      the work of others. In 12 of the 20 arteries examined, stain for VIIIR:Ag was
      absent or markedly reduced from the luminal surfaces, and in six more it was only
      present focally. The adventitial capillaries were brightly stained in most of
      these specimens. Both of two saphenous vein grafts and all of six Dacron grafts
      stained for VIIIR:Ag along their luminal surfaces and in the adventitial
      capillaries as brightly as normal arteries. However, all of eight Gore-tex grafts
      had little or no stain for VIIIR:Ag along their luminal surfaces, and the
      capillaries of the adventitia were not as plentiful as those in the normal
      arteries and Dacron grafts. With one exception, the Gore-tex grafts had become
      occluded less than 1 year after implantation, while the Dacron grafts had
      remained patent for 2 to 8 years. Thus many of the diseased arteries and the
      short-lived Gore-tex grafts were characterized by relative absence of VIIIR:Ag
      from their luminal surfaces, presumably reflecting the loss or absence of
      endothelialization.

PMID- 6427960
TI  - Intraoperative urinary output does not predict postoperative renal function in
      patients undergoing abdominal aortic revascularization.
AB  - To determine whether intraoperative urinary output was predictive of
      postoperative renal function, mean urinary output and lowest hourly urinary
      output were measured in 137 patients during operation for aortic reconstruction.
      Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was kept within normal limits. If urinary
      output was less than 0.125 ml X kg-1 X hr-1, patients were given crystalloid
      solution, mannitol, furosemide (Lasix), or nothing. For each patient, serum
      creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were assayed on postoperative
      days 1, 3, and 7. There was no significant correlation between intraoperative
      mean urinary output or lowest hourly urinary output and change from preoperative
      to postoperative levels of creatinine or BUN. Twenty-one patients had
      postoperative renal insufficiency; of these, 17 had had renal disease before
      operation. In these patients as well; mean urinary output and the lowest hourly
      urinary output did not correlate with change in BUN or creatinine levels. The
      position of the aortic cross-clamp did not affect these correlations. Therefore,
      intraoperative urinary output was not predictive of postoperative renal
      insufficiency in patients undergoing aortic reconstruction.

PMID- 6427961
TI  - Avoidance of homologous transfusion in aortic operations: the role of
      autotransfusion, hemodilution, and surgical technique.
AB  - The transfusion requirement for 138 aortic reconstructive procedures was
      minimized through the combined use of hemodilution, autotransfusion, and surgical
      techniques reported to reduce operative blood loss. Elective procedures required
      an average of 1.65 U and ruptured aneurysms 9.63 U of homologous blood.
      Transfusion was avoided altogether in 42.6% of elective reconstructions and 8.3%
      of emergency procedures. Autotransfusion saved only 1.54 U for elective
      operations and 0.87 U for ruptured aneurysm, probably because of the
      effectiveness of hemodilution and specific surgical techniques that minimized
      dissection and consequent blood loss. Nonetheless, it proved to be cost
      effective, saving an average of $260 per patient in charges for homologous blood.
      The combined use of multiple blood conservation methods was shown to
      substantially reduce the need for homologous transfusion (compared to reported
      figures for blood use in aortic operations) and adds a measure of increased
      safety for the patient undergoing aortic operation.

PMID- 6427963
TI  - NCNA testifies on cost-effectiveness of nurses.

PMID- 6427962
TI  - Plasma amino acid and serum unesterified fatty acid deficits and the effect of
      nutritional support in chemotherapy treatment.
AB  - The deficits in plasma amino acids and serum unesterified fatty acids of cancer
      patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were studied to
      delineate the special requirements of the patients and efficacy of our
      nutritional therapy. Seven general surgery patients and 13 patients treated by
      the Head-Neck Service had baseline levels measured as part of their nutritional
      evaluation prior to surgical treatment of their cancers. Fifteen chemotherapy
      outpatients maintained on their regular diets had fasting levels analyzed. Twenty
      six patients who were admitted for their therapy had their intake of the regular
      hospital diet supplemented with a low-residue enteral diet formula (Vivonex High
      Nitrogen Diet); parenteral nutrition was used only if their oral intake was
      totally inadequate. Baseline and sequential measurements were made of plasma
      amino acid and serum unesterified fatty acid levels by gas liquid chromatographic
      techniques. Before operation the patients had normal levels of amino acids except
      for a significant deficiency of threonine and glycine observed in patients with
      head-neck tumors. Outpatients with and without hepatic metastases had
      significantly depressed levels of the essential amino acids valine, leucine,
      threonine, and methionine and the nonessential amino acids serine, glycine, and
      proline. The baseline levels of the patients admitted for treatment had similar
      deficiencies except for more evidence of lysine deficiency. Patients supported
      with total parenteral nutrition had rapid elevation of the amino acid levels. The
      patients whose intake was supplemented with the oral diets had improvement in
      their amino acid levels, but the deficiency in the leucine and threonine
      fractions persisted up to 4 weeks of therapy. Although the lysine levels were
      normal when first analyzed, significant differences developed in the patients
      without hepatic metastases after the start of chemotherapy with return to normal
      only after chemotherapy was discontinued. Fatty acid levels were not
      significantly different between the cancer groups except for preoperative
      elevated oleic acid levels noted in the general surgery tumor group; there were
      no deficiencies in the essential fatty acids. These studies indicate a need for
      enteral formulas with adequate branched-chain amino acids and enrichment with
      threonine and lysine for supplementing the nutrition of the cancer patient who is
      undergoing chemotherapy.

PMID- 6427964
TI  - [Clinical effectiveness of depot nitroglycerin preparations in ischemic heart
      disease patients].

PMID- 6427965
TI  - [Effectiveness of Brinerdine in different hemodynamic types of arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 6427966
TI  - Measurement of factor VIIIRAg-1. A method for use in the Hyland laser
      nephelometer.
AB  - Factor VIIIRAg was measured by laser nephelometry using a new diluent containing
      a citrate-carbonate buffer, pluronic polyol P94 and triton X100. No pre-treatment
      of the samples was required, the incubation time was 0.5 to 1.5 hours depending
      on the antiserum used, and the tests could be read during the following 4 hours
      (plasma) or 1.5 hours (intermediate purity F VIII). The CV for the assay was less
      than 10% for plasma or dilutions of plasma in which the minimum detectable amount
      of factor VIIIRAg was about 0.04 u/ml. A significant correlation was obtained
      between the nephelometric method and the Laurell rocket method using plasma, but
      agreement between the methods when therapeutic products were assayed was poor.

PMID- 6427967
TI  - Factor VIII in pregnancy and birthweight.
AB  - Blood samples taken at 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy from 495 women were assayed
      for factor VIII clotting activity (VIIIC) and factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR)
      to examine the distribution of these factors and to determine whether there was
      any relationship with birthweight. There was a small positive relationship of
      little clinical value between factor VIIIR and birthweight only when birthweight
      was adjusted for gestational age, sex of infant and parity. In pregnancies
      resulting in a male infant the level of factor VIIIC was lower at 34 weeks
      gestation than in pregnancies resulting in a female infant. A greater rise in the
      ratio of VIIIR/VIIIC was observed in women who had any type of hypertension when
      compared with normotensive pregnancies, but this was not associated with lower
      birthweight. Both factors VIIIR and VIIIC at 28 weeks gestation were lower for
      multiparous than for primiparous women, and were lower for those with eventual
      greater gestation at birth. Asian women had higher mean factor VIIIC than
      Caucasian women, a finding independent of the fact that women with blood group O
      had lower mean levels of factors VIIIR and VIIIC than women of other blood
      groups.

PMID- 6427968
TI  - [The importance of interstitial radiotherapy for cancer of the tongue].

PMID- 6427969
TI  - [Vascular access in hemodialysis, prolonged parenteral nutrition and treatment
      with cytostatics].

PMID- 6427970
TI  - [Possibilities of survival of various parasites in meat and meat products].
AB  - The consumption of meat and meat products may result in parasitic infection in
      man. Trichinella spiralis infection can be very dangerous, but this parasite is
      now rarely encountered in the Netherlands; the same applies to Taenia solium.
      Taenia saginata is regularly detected but is not particularly harmful to the
      consumer. The pathogenicity of Sarcocystis bovihominis and Sarcocystis suihominis
      for humans remains uncertain. Toxoplasma gondii may give rise to severe problems,
      particularly congenital infections. It appears that freezing meat for a
      sufficient time, or heating to 70 degrees C core temperature, inactivate the
      parasites mentioned. Dry cured ham and fermented sausages present little danger.
      Further study of the survival of parasites in ' osseworst ', filet American and
      roastbeef is necessary.

PMID- 6427971
TI  - Antibodies directed against HLA-DR gene products exhibit the CYNAP phenomenon.
AB  - Two well characterized Eighth International Workshop sera, 8w1090 and 8w112 ,
      described to have anti-DR3 and anti-DR5 activity, respectively, were tested by
      standard and antiglobulin augmented (AHG) complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)
      assays with 21 target cells. We demonstrate that both sera, in fact, have only
      one antibody (most likely anti-MT2), but have different CYNAP patterns. These
      observations are discussed with regard to a more complete analysis of antisera
      that detect gene products of the HLA-DR region.

PMID- 6427972
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibody detects a new polymorphic Ia determinant other than HLA
      DR antigen: a possible allele of DC-1.
AB  - Using a hybridoma technique, a monoclonal antibody ( TA10 ) reactive with a new
      polymorphic B-cell antigen was obtained. The TA10 antibody reacted with 12 (24%)
      of B cells from 50 healthy individuals, but not with T cells. In contrast with
      the HLA-DR antigen, the TA10 antigen was preferentially detected on B cells, but
      not on monocytes. The reactive pattern of TA10 was closely associated with DR5
      and its related DR antigen NJ2 , and also found with DR4 or DRw9 . The linkages
      of TA10 to these DR antigens were confirmed in the family study, indicating that
      the TA10 antigen is controlled by a closely linked but distinct locus from HLA
      DR. Furthermore, two-dimensional gel analysis demonstrated that the TA10
      determinant was expressed on a class II molecule whose heavy and light chains
      were different from those carrying the DR determinant. Thus, this monoclonal
      antibody might detect an allele of DC-1 which is found in association with DR5
      and DRw6.2.

PMID- 6427973
TI  - Effect of dimethylthiourea on paraquat toxicity in rats.
AB  - We evaluated the utility of dimethylthiourea ( DMTU ), a hydroxyl radical
      scavenger, as potential therapy for paraquat poisoning. Seventy-five male Sprague
      Dawley rats were divided into four groups ( DMTU -paraquat, paraquat, DMTU ,
      control) and studied for up to 10 days. Clinical observations (dyspnea,
      weakness), mortality, hepatic and renal function tests, body weights, and
      histologic studies were performed. There was no mortality in the DMTU and control
      groups although various histologic and biochemical studies suggested that DMTU
      may be both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. In contrast, 74% of DMTU -paraquat rats
      and 39% of paraquat rats died (p less than 0.01). In addition, toxicity was
      clearly earlier in the DMTU -paraquat group than in the paraquat group. Hence,
      rather than being protective, treatment with dimethylthiourea was associated with
      increased mortality in paraquat-poisoned rats.

PMID- 6427974
TI  - Transport of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl by lipoproteins in vivo.
AB  - Lipoproteins are currently being recognized as transport vehicles for lipophilic
      drugs and xenobiotic chemicals in plasma. The weight of in vitro evidence
      suggests lipoproteins as the principal carries of 2,4,5, 2',4',5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) in plasma from normolipidemic rats and humans. The
      present study examined the in vivo distribution of 6-CB among lipoproteins as
      well as the influence of time on the absolute amount and proportion of 6-CB
      associated with each density fraction. Plasma obtained between 1 min and 24 hr
      after an iv injection of 6-[14C]CB was separated into very low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) fractions by sequential ultracentrifugation. The in vivo results
      corroborate the in vitro data which suggest LDL to be a major transport vehicle
      for 6-CB in plasma. However, the preference of 6-CB for LDL existed for only a
      short time following injection. From 6 to 24 hr after administration of 6-CB,
      there was a shift in the distribution of the PCB from LDL to HDL and the
      remaining protein-rich bottom fraction. By 24 hr, the proportion of 6-CB in LDL
      had declined from 80% of the plasma concentration to 30%, while that in HDL had
      doubled. Furthermore, the amount of 6-CB in the bottom fraction accounted for 35%
      of the radioactivity in plasma at 24 hr as opposed to less than 5% up to 1 hr
      after administration. The absolute contents of 6-CB in both HDL and the bottom
      fraction also increased during the later time points. Analysis of the decay
      curves of 6-CB among the various lipoproteins further substantiated a change in
      the distribution of 6-CB over time. The decay of 6-CB in LDL most closely
      resembled its disappearance from plasma. The content of 6-CB remaining in plasma
      at 24 hr was equally distributed among LDL, HDL, and the bottom fraction. Changes
      in lipoprotein composition during the 24-hr period could not explain 6-CB
      redistribution, since there were no significant differences in the proportion of
      constituents comprising VLDL, LDL, HDL, or the bottom fraction.

PMID- 6427975
TI  - Effects of fungal toxins on renal slice calcium balance.
AB  - Citrinin and ochratoxin A disrupt renal function in many animal species. The
      mechanism(s) underlying these actions is (are) unclear. Although citrinin has
      been shown to bind covalently to renal tissue, there also is evidence that it is
      active in the unmetabolized form. Altered calcium homeostasis has been suggested
      as an event which might mediate cell injury and/or death; a possible role for
      calcium in citrinin- or ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity is reported here.
      Renal cortical slice calcium balance was monitored by the uptake of 45Ca. Either
      ochratoxin A or citrinin added to fresh renal cortex slices enhanced 45Ca
      accumulation. These effects were evident as early as 5 min after addition of the
      toxins. Greater 45Ca uptake occurred with bathing solution calcium concentration
      of 1.1 mM than in the absence of added carrier calcium. Finally, the effect of
      citrinin to reduce p-aminohippurate accumulation by renal cortical slices was
      greater in the presence of calcium than in its absence.

PMID- 6427976
TI  - Inhibition of oxygen uptake in liver slices of three mammalian species (rat,
      rabbit, guinea-pig) by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).
AB  - Oxygen uptake in liver slices of rats, rabbits and guinea pigs were determined
      manometrically in the presence of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1
      (AFB1). AFB1 inhibited oxygen uptake at all concentrations of AFB1 tested (3.2
      microM, 16.0 microM, 48.1 microM, 64.1 microM, 80.0 microM, 112.2 microM).
      Inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration of AFB1 inducing the
      inhibition. The degree of inhibition of oxygen uptake in the 3 mammalian species
      seems to correlate with their respective susceptibilities to AFB1 toxicity. The
      highest inhibition was in guinea pig and the least in rat; that in the rabbit was
      intermediate between rat and guinea pig.

PMID- 6427977
TI  - In vitro activation of the promutagens 2-acetamidofluorene, cyclophosphamide and
      7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene by constitutive ferret and rat hepatic S-9 fractions.
AB  - The ability of the ferret to metabolically activate promutagenic compounds was
      compared with that of the rat, using the Salmonella/microsome assay. Three
      compounds which require biotransformation to mutagenic metabolites, 2
      acetamidofluorene (2-AAF), cyclophosphamide (CPA), and 7,12
      dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), were studied. Metabolic activation was provided by
      ferret or rat hepatic S-9 fractions at 5 levels for each chemical, and optimal S
      9 levels as well as dose-response curves were obtained. Interspecies mutagenic
      activity was quantitated on the basis of mg liver, mg S-9 protein, and nmoles P
      450. The slopes of the dose-response curves and the lowest chemical dose required
      for a significant response were also compared. Although constitutive levels of
      rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 were shown to be higher than those of the ferret, in
      vitro mutagenic activation by ferret S-9, at S-9 levels which caused activation
      in both species, was greater than or equivalent to activation by rat S-9 for
      these chemicals, based on all parameters studied. The results showed that the
      equilibrium between activation and detoxification reactions is dependent upon the
      chemical dose and S-9 level present.

PMID- 6427978
TI  - Characterization of two hemorrhagic factors isolated from the venom of Bothrops
      neuwiedi (jararaca pintada).
AB  - Two hemorrhagic factors were isolated from the venom of Bothrops neuwiedi
      (jararaca pintada) by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography
      on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and DEAE-cellulose DE-32, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100
      and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. These factors were named neuwiedi
      hemorrhagic factors NHFa and NHFb. They are acidic proteins of pI 4.2-4.3 and
      consist of single polypeptide chains of molecular weights 46,000 and 58,000,
      respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. The hemorrhagic activity of NHFb is 23 times stronger than that
      of NHFa. Both hydrolyse casein, although NHFa is about 20 times more active than
      NHFb. They are metalloproteins inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. NHFa
      and NHFb are serologically closely related antigens. These two factors are
      recognized as identical antigens by horse serum against crude Bothrops neuwiedi
      venom. However, the rabbit specific antiserum was able to differentiate NHFa from
      NHFb showing, nevertheless, that they have common determinants apart from
      specific determinants for each one.

PMID- 6427979
TI  - Mechanism of action of the platelet aggregation inhibitor purified from
      Agkistrodon halys (mamushi) snake venom.
AB  - The platelet aggregation inhibitor purified from Agkistrodon halys snake venom
      inhibited rabbit platelet aggregations induced by thrombin, sodium arachidonate,
      collagen or ionophore A-23187. The IC50 was about 11 micrograms/ml in platelet
      aggregation regardless of which aggregation inducer was used. beta
      Mercaptoethanol abolished both the phospholipase A enzymatic and platelet
      aggregation inhibitory activities of this venom inhibitor. p-Bromophenacyl
      bromide-treated venom inhibitor lost almost completely its phosphilipase A
      enzymatic activity, but retained its platelet aggregation inhibitory effect. In
      the presence of EGTA, the venom inhibitor still showed the same inhibitory
      activity on thrombin-, sodium arachidonate-, collagen- or ionophore A23187
      induced platelet aggregations triggered by successive addition of Ca2+. The
      activation of platelet phospholipase A and the serotonin release reaction
      triggered by Ca2+ influx were unaffected by this venom inhibitor. It also
      inhibited the clot retraction of platelet-rich plasma. It is concluded that the
      inhibitory effect of the venom inhibitor on platelet aggregation is independent
      of its phospholipase A enzymatic activity. Its mode of action is different from
      those of other known platelet inhibitory drugs. This venom inhibitor possibly
      acts on a common step subsequent to platelet shape change, leading to inhibition
      of platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6427980
TI  - [Experimental method of determining the depth of dental enamel damage in exposure
      to exogenous factors].

PMID- 6427981
TI  - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of granuloma gangraenescens (lethal
      midline granuloma].
AB  - The granuloma gangraenescens in the oral, maxillary and facial region is a rare
      disease. It is a destroying process in the region of palate, nose, paranasal
      sinuses, cheeks and orbit with characteristic signs of granulomatosis, infection
      and malignancy. The disease shows often a lethal development with cachexia or
      sepsis. Besides local inflammations and tumors, the granulomatosis of Wegener,
      and the so-called necrotizing sialometaplasia are above all to be excluded by
      differential diagnosis. Five cases are presented in order to describe the
      diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In literature, the greatest efficacy is
      attributed to radiotherapy, however, a detailed definition of the most efficient
      irradiation conditions cannot be given yet because of the small number of cases.
      Good long-term results or recoveries can be achieved in 75 to 80% of cases by a
      relatively high radiation dose of 40 to 50 Gy administered within four to five
      weeks. During the observation time of two to six years, no one of the five
      patients treated here only by megavoltage therapy showed a recurrence.

PMID- 6427982
TI  - The effects of a calcium antagonist (nimodipine) on basal cerebral blood flow and
      reactivity to various agonists.
AB  - In vitro studies suggest that cerebrovascular contraction is more dependent on
      the influx of calcium to smooth muscle than general systemic arteries. The
      present study tested the in vivo effects of a calcium influx blocker (nimodipine)
      on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in 16 baboons. The 133xenon clearance
      technique was used together with careful control of EEG and blood gases. With
      normal blood gases intravenous nimodipine infusion (1 microgram/kg/min) produced
      an 18% increase in cerebral blood flow with no alteration in cerebral oxidative
      metabolism or blood pressure. Higher doses (above 10 micrograms/kg/min) resulted
      in a decreased arterial blood pressure and a return to control cerebral flow.
      Infusion of the dose producing maximal increase in flow, decreased the cerebral
      reactivity to altered PCO2 (n = 5). These results suggest that nimodipine may be
      a relatively selective cerebrovascular dilator.

PMID- 6427983
TI  - Effect of lidoflazine on cerebral blood flow following twelve minutes total
      cerebral ischemia.
AB  - Lidoflazine, a calcium channel blocker, was administered to dogs following twelve
      minutes of cerebral ischemia, induced by aortic cross-clamping. The effects of
      lidoflazine (1 mg/kg i.v.) on cerebral blood flow following ischemia was studied
      in 15 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Cerebral blood flow was
      measured with the radiolabelled microsphere technique before and 10, 30, 60, 90
      and 150 minutes following ischemia. Cerebral blood flow increased in all brain
      regions following ischemia, but by 60 minutes had decreased to control values.
      Lidoflazine had no effect on this reperfusion phenomenon, or on the distribution
      of blood flow within the brain. Regional cerebral blood flow was also not altered
      by lidoflazine therapy. Our data demonstrate that this dose of lidoflazine has no
      effect on regional or total cerebral blood flow following 12 minutes of cerebral
      ischemia in dogs. These data do not support perfusion preservation as a mechanism
      of amelioration of neurologic injury after ischemia by this calcium channel
      blocker.

PMID- 6427984
TI  - [Technic for reproducible positioning and immobilization in irradiations of the
      head and neck area].

PMID- 6427985
TI  - [Current status of therapeutic possibilities with densely ionizing types of
      radiation of head and neck tumors with special reference to nasopharyngeal
      tumors].

PMID- 6427986
TI  - [A new strategy for optimizing radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer].

PMID- 6427987
TI  - Acute hemolytic anemia associated with a chlorpropamide-induced apparent auto
      anti-Jka.
AB  - A patient with acute hemolytic anemia and a positive direct antiglobulin test was
      found to be Jk(a + b +) with anti-Jka in her serum. For 2 weeks prior to
      admission, the patient had taken chlorpropamide, a hypoglycemic agent. The drug
      was discontinued upon the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia, and the hemoglobin
      concentration gradually increased. When chlorpropamide was added to the patient's
      serum in vitro, it enhanced the reactivity of the anti-Jka, and 40 days
      posttransfusion, the serum would only react with Jk(a+) red cells when
      chlorpropamide was present. These findings suggest that a chlorpropamide
      dependent antibody with Jka specificity had formed. We do not know why the
      antibody induced by chlorpropamide reacted preferentially with Jk(a+) red cells.

PMID- 6427988
TI  - Spontaneous agglutination of red cells with a positive direct antiglobulin test
      in various media.
AB  - Red cells from 475 individuals (donors and patients) with a positive direct
      antiglobulin test (DAT) (66% were 1/2+ to 1+, 19% were 1 1/2+ to 2+, and 15% were
      2 1/2+ or greater) were examined for spontaneous agglutination following
      incubation in various media. Twenty-three percent of the samples showed
      spontaneous agglutination in commercial Rh control solutions, 6 percent in 30
      percent albumin, 3 percent in 10 percent albumin, 2 percent in 6 percent albumin,
      and 1 percent in saline. Cells suspended in serum were more prone to spontaneous
      agglutination. The strength of spontaneous agglutination varied; more than 50
      percent of the samples reacted only 1+ or less, approximately 10 percent reacted
      2+ or stronger. There was not a complete correlation with spontaneous
      agglutination and quantity of IgG on the cells, as determined by the antiglobulin
      test. Of those samples showing spontaneous agglutination, 50 percent were
      associated with a DAT strength of more than 2+, 27 percent with a DAT of 1 1/2+
      to 2+, and 23 percent with a DAT of 1/2+ to 1+. Spontaneous agglutination
      occurred with the same frequency whether the cells were sensitized with both IgG
      and C3 or with IgG alone. Surprisingly, 7 percent of the samples sensitized with
      C3 but no detectable IgG also demonstrated spontaneous agglutination. Marked
      differences in reaction strength were seen with Rh control solutions from
      different manufacturers, and the degree of spontaneous agglutination was
      inconsistent with individual products.

PMID- 6427989
TI  - Automated reading of red cell antibody identification tests by a solid phase
      antiglobulin technique.
AB  - A new solid phase antiglobulin ( SPAG ) test is described which makes possible
      the automated reading of erythrocyte antibody identification tests. This new test
      uses microplates coated with anti-human globulin as a solid phase onto which
      previously sensitized erythrocytes adhere. A wash stage removes unsensitized
      erythrocytes and a chromogenic substrate is reacted with the hemoglobin
      peroxidase of the adhering, sensitized red cells. The color produced is read
      automatically on a spectrophotometer interfaced with a computer programmed to
      produce printouts of results. Comparative tests between conventional anti-human
      globulin tests and the SPAG test using titrated antibodies showed equivalent
      sensitivity. Comparisons of the present test system in use in our laboratory,
      consisting of saline, 0.5 percent bromelin, and indirect anti-human globulin
      techniques for identifying antibodies, with a SPAG test used in conjunction with
      a bromelin-enzyme test system, showed agreement in 224 (90%) of the 249 sera
      tested. This methodology is compared with current enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) techniques.

PMID- 6427990
TI  - Additional evidence for more than one agent of human non-A, non-B hepatitis.
      Transmission and passage studies in chimpanzees.
AB  - Evidence supporting the existence of two agents of human non-A, non-B hepatitis
      was obtained by the inoculation of chimpanzees sequentially with serum from a
      chronically infected human (Inoculum I) and with fibrinogen prepared from pooled
      plasma (Inoculum IV), each of which had transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis to
      humans. Passage inoculations of serum samples obtained during the acute stages of
      chimpanzee infections transmitted by either the agent in Inoculum I or IV also
      transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis to additional chimpanzees. Transmission and
      passage of the agent in Inoculum IV were conducted in chimpanzees which
      previously had recovered from infection by the agent in Inoculum I. Cytoplasmic
      tubules in hepatocytes, which have been described during non-A, non-B hepatitis,
      were observed by electron microscopy in liver biopsies obtained during all
      infections transmitted by the agent in Inoculum I. These cytoplasmic tubules were
      not detected in liver biopsies from chimpanzees infected by Inoculum IV, except
      in one chimpanzee inoculated by Inoculum IV without prior exposure to the agent
      in Inoculum I. The cytoplasmic tubules observed in this study were found to be
      composed of transverse bands arranged with a periodicity of approximately 17 nm.
      These studies suggest that two different agents or distinct serotypes of human
      non-A, non-B hepatitis may have been present in these inocula, although
      reactivation of latent infection or reinfection could not be ruled out
      completely.

PMID- 6427991
TI  - Erythrocyte antigens on human platelets. Absence of Rh, Duffy, Kell, Kidd, and
      Lutheran antigens.
AB  - There is considerable controversy as to whether antigens of the Rh, Duffy, Kidd,
      Kell, or Lutheran red cell systems are present on human platelets. The majority
      of previous investigators of this topic have reported them to be present. We have
      used a sensitive two-stage radioimmunoassay to examine human platelets for the
      presence of antigens of these five red cell systems. Platelets from donors of
      appropriate red cell phenotype were incubated with monospecific anti-erythrocyte
      IgG, followed by a second-stage incubation with 125I-labeled mouse IgG monoclonal
      anti-human IgG (Fc). Analysis of ligand bound per cell demonstrated no
      significant difference in binding of erythrocyte antibodies to platelets from
      donors homozygous, heterozygous, or negative for D, C, c, E, e, Fya, Fyb, Jka,
      Jkb , K, k, and Lub antigens. These findings indicate that major antigens of the
      Rh, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, and Lutheran systems are not expressed on the surface of
      human platelets.

PMID- 6427992
TI  - Altered blood group expression in a patient with congenital rubella infection.
AB  - An infant with probable congenital rubella infection developed altered blood
      group expression. This was noted at 4 months of age. The child's blood was typed
      on seven separate occasions during the first 8 weeks of life as type A, but on
      repeat testing, her cells failed to agglutinate with anti-A and anti-A,B typing
      serum. The A antigen was present, however, because an eluate made after
      incubating her red cells with anti-A contained anti-A, and A antigen was
      demonstrated on buccal mucosa cells. Altered expression of blood group A (loss of
      agglutinability) has occurred previously only in association with hematologic
      malignancy.

PMID- 6427993
TI  - A puzzle in fetomaternal bleeding.

PMID- 6427994
TI  - Specificity of transplantation heterophile antibodies.
AB  - Sera of 154 recipients of renal allografts were studied for transplantation
      heterophile (T-H) antibodies by means of immunodiffusion, mixed agglutination
      (MA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). T-H antibodies were found by immunodiffusion
      against bovine red blood cell (BRBC) extracts (15%) and sheep red blood cell
      (SRBC) extracts (12%): The specificity of antibodies to BRBC was shown to be
      distinct from that of antibodies to SRBC. Both of these T-H antibody types were
      absorbable by guinea pig kidney ( GPK ) tissue sediments and, therefore, they
      could be classified into the GPK -positive group of heterophile antibodies. The
      MA test was successfully employed to demonstrate directly T-H antibodies
      combining with antigens of GPK . Results of the MA inhibition studies and those
      of EIA indicated that some of the BRBC antibodies are directed to antigens of
      asialo-high molecular-weight glycoprotein of BRBC.

PMID- 6427995
TI  - Potent ability of anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody to prolong allograft survival.

PMID- 6427996
TI  - T lymphocyte reconstitution in long-term survivors after allogeneic and
      autologous marrow transplantation.
AB  - T cell subsets and their immune reactivities were studied in long-term survivors
      after bone marrow transplantation and the results of autotransplanted and
      allotransplanted patients were compared. These two groups of patients (4
      autotransplants and 4 allotransplants) were roughly comparable in terms of their
      underlying diseases, pretransplant conditioning regimens, supportive care, and
      posttransplant sampling days for immunological studies. Significant differences
      were observed between autologous and allogeneic marrow recipients in the total
      number of OKT3-, OKT4-, OKT8-, and OKIa1 -positive cells. Similar differences
      were observed between transplant patients and normal controls. Decreased OKT4
      cells and increased OKT8 cells resulted in inversion of the OKT4:OKT8 ratio,
      which was significantly lower in allotransplanted compared with autotransplanted
      patients, and both groups of transplant patients showed depressed responses in
      comparison with normal controls. In contrast, there were no significant
      differences in MLR reactivities between transplanted patients and normal
      controls. When mitogenic responses were analyzed in relation to T cell subsets,
      phytohemagglutinin responsiveness showed a significant correlation with OKT4:OKT8
      ratios (P less than 0.01) and the proportions of cultured OKT4 cells (P less than
      0.01). These observations suggest that T lymphocyte reconstitution is still
      incomplete or abnormal in long-term survivors regardless of the type of graft.
      Furthermore, abnormalities observed in these long-term survivors were
      characterized by an imbalance of T cell subsets that was more profound in
      allotransplanted than in autotransplanted patients.

PMID- 6427997
TI  - In-vitro-derived bone marrow macrophages. Expression of Ia antigens during
      macrophage differentiation.
AB  - Cultures of bone marrow stem cells, grown in the presence of L-cell-conditioned
      medium, were harvested on successive days to determine the expression of Ia
      antigens and the acquisition of Ir4 gene-regulated antigen presentation. I-A
      subregion antigen expression was detected by an indirect radiobinding assay (RBA)
      as early as day 3 and reached maximal binding at day 7, before declining with
      additional time in culture. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) demonstrated 20%
      Ia+ cells on day 3 of culture and peaked at 60% on day 7 before declining with
      continued incubation. A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) across an I region
      difference was used to assess the kinetics of bone-marrow-derived macrophage (
      BMDM ) Ia expression. Maximal stimulation occurred with BMDM stimulator cells
      obtained from 5-9-day cultures. To investigate the acquisition of Ir gene
      function, BMDM harvested after various days in culture were used to reconstitute
      the T cell proliferative response to poly Glu60Ala30Tyr10 (GAT). The ability of
      BMDM to present GAT was detected after day 5, increased to maximal levels on day
      7, and then declined with weak proliferative responses obtained using day 12 BMDM
      . The presentation of GAT by BMDM was inhibited by monoclonal anti-Ia. 17
      antibody. Thus, the acquisition of Ir gene function by BMDM was found to parallel
      the expression of Ia molecules. Additional experiments were performed to
      determine whether treatment of BMDM at day 7 with lymphokines or beta-interferon
      could extend Ia antigen expression. Whereas treatment of day 7 BMDM cultures with
      Con-A-stimulated rat splenocyte supernatants extended and augmented Ia expression
      for an additional three days, beta-interferon treatment did not result in
      augmentation or extension of Ia antigen expression.

PMID- 6427999
TI  - First International Symposium on Organ Transplantation in Diabetics. The Hague, 1
      2 September 1983.

PMID- 6427998
TI  - Adoptive immunization against an established tumor with cytolytic versus memory T
      cells. Immediate versus delayed onset of regression.
AB  - Intradermal injection of an admixture of P815 tumor cells and Corynebacterium
      parvum results in the emergence of a tumor that grows progressively for 9-10 days
      and then undergoes complete regression. Tumor regression is preceded by a
      cytolytic T cell response in the spleen that peaks on day 10 and then undergoes
      progressive decay until days 15-16 when cytolytic T cells can no longer be
      detected. Passive transfer of 10-day or 30-day spleen cells to T-cell-deficient
      recipients bearing a 4-day tumor resulted in complete tumor regression. However,
      whereas passively transferred 10 day spleen cells caused the onset of tumor
      regression within 2 days, passively transferred 30-day spleen cells did not cause
      tumor regression until after a 6-8-day delay. Again, the antitumor function of 10
      day spleen cells could be eliminated by treatment with cyclophosphamide and
      vinblastine sulfate, whereas 30 day spleen cells were resistant to both agents.
      These results indicate that 10-day spleen cells are physiologically different
      from 30-day spleen cells. The results are consistent with the interpretation that
      passively transferred 10-day spleen cells cause rapid onset of tumor regression
      because they are cytolytic T cells and have an immediate capacity to destroy the
      tumor. In contrast, 30-day spleen cells are helper or memory T cells with no
      capacity at the time of transfer to destroy the tumor.

PMID- 6428000
TI  - The contribution of pancreatic transplantation to current concepts in diabetes.

PMID- 6428001
TI  - Pancreas and islet transplant registry statistics.

PMID- 6428002
TI  - Selected issues of importance in clinical pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6428003
TI  - Indium-111 labeled platelets in monitoring pancreatic transplants in humans.

PMID- 6428004
TI  - Diagnosis of early pancreas allograft rejection with indium-111-oxine-labeled
      platelets.

PMID- 6428005
TI  - Current status of experimental islet transplantation.

PMID- 6428006
TI  - The metabolic effects of islet transplantation in the diabetic dog.

PMID- 6428007
TI  - Intrasplenic isografts of canine pancreatic islets: metabolic study.

PMID- 6428008
TI  - Islet transplantation in autoimmune diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6428009
TI  - Novel approach to scabies control.

PMID- 6428010
TI  - Gonococcal salpingitis versus acute appendicitis: caution in diagnosis.

PMID- 6428011
TI  - Treatment and prevention of meningococcal disease.
AB  - Meningococcal meningitis responds well to treatment and, even when this is given
      in unsatisfactory surroundings, recovery rates of 90-95% can be expected. A few
      patients are left with permanent disabilities, such as deafness, but most make a
      complete recovery. Mild cases of acute meningococcaemia are sometimes
      encountered. In Africa such patients are seen most frequently at the end of an
      epidemic, but in general the outlook for patients with this condition is poor.
      Patients who have hypotension or impairment of consciousness often die, even when
      they receive optimum treatment. Meningococcal disease can be prevented by
      chemoprophylaxis, vaccination or a combination of both. Great care is needed in
      deciding upon the control strategy which should be adopted in any particular set
      of circumstances. Studies on the cost effectiveness of different approaches to
      the prevention of meningococcal disease in developing countries are needed
      urgently.

PMID- 6428012
TI  - Correlation of a clot-weight and radial immunodiffusion method for estimation of
      plasma fibrinogen concentration.
AB  - A clot-weight and radial immunodiffusion method for estimating fibrinogen
      concentration were compared using plasma from 58 pregnant women and diabetic
      patients. The two methods gave a correlation coefficient, r = 0.53 (p less than
      0.005). There was no significant variation between the mean fibrinogen
      concentrations as determined by both methods. The coefficient of variation for
      the clot-weight and immunodiffusion methods were 1.54% and 2.9%, respectively. It
      is concluded that the clot-weight method is more readily applicable than the
      radial immunodiffusion method to fibrinogen measurements, especially in patients
      when rapid results are required.

PMID- 6428013
TI  - The first autochthonous case of Chagas' disease with notes on possible vectors in
      Guyana.
AB  - In Guyana, the first autochthonous case of Chagas' disease was discovered in the
      North West Region. A vector survey showed the presence of two important genera of
      triatomid bugs widely distributed in various habitats throughout the area.

PMID- 6428014
TI  - The role of pyrazinamide in primary chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6428015
TI  - Reasons for failure in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopians.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the number of patients who started
      antituberculosis treatment at the Tuberculosis Centre in Addis Ababa but never
      completed a full regular course for one year. There were 460 or 6% of all the
      tuberculous patients that were treated for the disease in this period. The
      reasons for treatment failure were analyzed. Although the commonest cause of
      default was clinical improvement before completion of therapy, many of the
      reasons related to the socio-economic situation and cultural background in
      Ethiopia. Despite, which is a good result for unsupervised chemotherapy in a
      country such as Ethiopia.

PMID- 6428016
TI  - A study of acute-phase reactant proteins in Indonesian patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis.
AB  - The levels of 8 acute phase reactants (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2
      macroglobulin, transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein,
      ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and the third component of complement) and
      immunoglobulin in the IgG, IgM and IgA classes were assayed, by laser
      nephelometry, in sera from 107 East Japanese patients with smear-positive
      pulmonary tuberculosis and 144 healthy subjects. These levels were correlated
      with clinical, haematological and radiological features, the levels of antibody
      to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the diameters of the tuberculin skin test read
      at various times. Levels of all acute phase reactants increased significantly in
      tuberculosis except for that of transferrin which was lowered. The correlations
      between the various acute phase reactants in health and disease were calculated.
      In general, the correlations were lower in disease than in health, except for the
      third component of complement and a greatly increased correlation between the
      levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin. There was a significant
      correlation between levels of some of the acute phase reactants and those of
      antibodies to M. tuberculosis, mainly with IgG, less with IgA and least with IgM
      antibodies. By contrast correlations between acute phase protein and total
      immunoglobulin levels were most evident in the IgM class, less with IgA and not
      at all with IgG. Although there were some associations between protein levels and
      age, sex and weight of controls and patients, these were not great enough to
      account for the differences between the two groups. There was a tendency for
      patients, but not controls, with intestinal helminthiasis to have higher levels
      of total IgM than those without evidence of parasites. In general, the levels of
      proteins bore very little relation to the clinical and radiological features of
      disease and were, with the exception of the antimycobacterial antibodies, of no
      diagnostic value. Likewise, protein levels were not associated with the extent of
      disease; better correlations were found with the ESR and leucocyte count.
      Transferrin levels tended to be higher in those with chronic disease and showed a
      correlation with the diameters of the dermal reactions to tuberculin at 24 hours,
      which were also significantly larger in chronic disease. Among the haematological
      findings, the most significant was a negative correlation between the lymphocyte
      count and haptoglobin levels in disease, suggesting a possible regulatory role
      for this protein.

PMID- 6428017
TI  - Hormonal and receptor status in postmenopausal women with endometrial carcinoma
      before and after treatment with tamoxifen.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with endometrial carcinoma received tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for
      7 days. Before and after administration, circulating hormones (estradiol,
      testosterone, progesterone, gonadotropins FSH and LH) were evaluated. Estrogen
      (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in neoplastic tissue were also assayed. Our
      results show a net increase in PgR content and a significant decrease in
      gonadotropin levels after the treatment. The authors suggest that clinical trials
      be conducted using tamoxifen and progestins for adjuvant therapy after surgery of
      endometrial carcinoma and for the therapeutic approach of advanced carcinoma.

PMID- 6428018
TI  - [Referral to long-term care as seen by the social and health services].

PMID- 6428019
TI  - Ultrasonic gas-body activation in Drosophila.
AB  - The role of gas bodies in the interaction of Drosophila eggs and larvae with
      ultrasonic fields has been studied (1) by direct microscopic examination, (2) by
      observation of gas body activation during sonation with a special microscope, (3)
      by direct measurement of the volume fraction of gas in eggs and (4) through the
      absorption of ultrasound. All approaches provide support for the postulate that
      these organisms contain a rich distribution of gas bodies which play a dominant
      role in the acoustic properties of eggs and are the most probable site of action
      for ultrasonic biological effects on these organisms.

PMID- 6428020
TI  - [Alloimmunization. 1].

PMID- 6428021
TI  - [Allo-immunization. 2: Its treatment and prevention].

PMID- 6428022
TI  - Management of newly diagnosed metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Metastatic prostatic cancer can be present in a variety of different ways. The
      authors describe the differences among stages D-0, D-1, and D-2 disease and
      present the treatment options for each of the substages. They summarize and
      integrate the clinical evidence that bears on the potential efficacy of each
      treatment.

PMID- 6428023
TI  - Radiotherapeutic treatment of prostatic carcinoma with pelvic node involvement.
AB  - Resolution of pelvic lymph node metastases following irradiation can be
      demonstrated clinically by relief of obstructive symptoms and objectively by
      shrinkage of adenopathy as demonstrated by lymphography. Nevertheless, survival
      following nodal irradiation for patients with surgically proved pelvic or
      periaortic adenopathy or both at 10 years is only 20 per cent, whereas without
      adenopathy it is nearly 80 per cent. In spite of this relatively low level of
      survival, the firm documentation of survival without evidence of lymph node
      disease in 9 of 60 patients is ample justification for irradiation of regional
      lymphatics in these high-risk patients.

PMID- 6428024
TI  - Transurethral treatment of bladder diverticula. Alternative to open
      diverticulectomy.
AB  - Since October, 1980, we have used transurethral fulguration of the diverticular
      mucosa and incision of the diverticular neck in combination with electrohydraulic
      lithotripsy of bladder stones and transurethral prostatic resection to treat all
      aspects of diverticula in 11 patients. In comparing the results with those of
      open diverticulectomy, we found the transurethral procedure to be equally
      effective while being safer, faster, and less expensive.

PMID- 6428025
TI  - Case profile: pseudodiverticulum of transplant ureter.

PMID- 6428026
TI  - [Use of a carbon dioxide laser in surgery for benign tumors in polyclinics].
AB  - Under conditions of municipal polyclinic 111 operations for benign tumors of skin
      and subcutaneous fat were performed with the application of laser surgical device
      "Scalpel-1". This device has been shown to be convenient for out-patient clinics
      due to its technical characteristics and simple handling. The optimum ways of
      using the carbon dioxide laser for ablation of lipomas, fibromas, hemangiomas and
      other benign tumors are proposed.

PMID- 6428027
TI  - Spontaneous neoplasms of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Oral and
      nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
AB  - Eight spontaneous highly invasive oral and nasopharyngeal squamous cell
      carcinomas were observed over an 18-month period in a breeding colony of the
      common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Affected marmosets were predominantly males
      over four years of age. The incidence of this tumor in the four-year-plus age
      group was 4.9%. The tumors were locally invasive through the palate to the nasal
      cavity, retrobulbar space and cranial cavity in some marmosets with lung
      metastases present in three cases.

PMID- 6428028
TI  - Luteolysis in cows using the prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, tiaprost, and the
      effect of mode of administration.
AB  - Thirteen cows received 0.75 mg tiaprost by subcutaneous injection during the mid
      luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. Twelve underwent rapid luteolytic and
      continued to cycle normally as determined by milk or plasma progesterone
      concentrations. The other cow underwent only a transient decrease in progesterone
      concentrations. A further 15 cows received either a subcutaneous osmotic mini
      pump containing 30 mg tiaprost , calibrated to release 0.75 mg over a 24 hour
      period (group 1); a subcutaneous injection of 0.375 mg tiaprost (group 2), or a
      subcutaneous injection of 0.375 mg tiaprost plus the osmotic mini pump (group 3).
      Treatment caused luteolysis in zero and one cows in groups 1 and 3 respectively.
      However all six cows in group 2 underwent rapid luteolysis. Although the standard
      therapeutic dose of tiaprost (0.75 mg) appears to be a highly effective
      luteolytic agent it is concluded that there may be scope for development of
      longer acting formulations of this compound.

PMID- 6428029
TI  - Prophylactic effects of anticoccidial drugs in experimental murine
      cryptosporidiosis.

PMID- 6428030
TI  - Theileria orientalis in Iran.
AB  - A benign species of Theileria of cattle in northern Iran proved to be
      indistinguishable from T. orientalis in the indirect fluorescent antibody test as
      well as in the morphology of its piroplasms. It was transmissible transstadially
      by Haemaphysalis punctata.

PMID- 6428031
TI  - Cultivation of Theileria. I. Attempts to complete the cycle of Theileria parva in
      vitro.
AB  - Microschizonts and free merozoites developed in bovine lymphoblastoid cell
      cultures containing macroschizonts of 6 different strains of Theileria parva.
      Clean bovine red cells were added to the cultures, which were incubated in
      various ways. No penetration of red cells by merozoites was observed, not even
      when cultures in diffusion chambers were introduced into the peritoneal cavity of
      non-infected cattle.

PMID- 6428032
TI  - Cultivation of Theileria. II. Attempts to cultivate erythrocytic stages of
      Theileria mutans.
AB  - Blood from calves with a parasitaemia of Theileria mutans was cultivated in vitro
      in various ways. No significant increase in the percentage of infected red cells
      was observed, but the percentage of dividing forms of the parasite rose sharply
      during the first two days of incubation. The conditions of the cultures were
      apparently unsuitable for the invasion of erythrocytes.

PMID- 6428033
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal bovine immunoglobulins G1, G2 and M
      from bovine x murine hybridomas.
AB  - Three bovine x murine hybridomas, which secrete bovine IgG1, IgG2 and IgM,
      respectively, were derived by the fusion of normal bovine B lymphocytes to the
      murine cell line SP-2/0. The hybridomas were initially selected by testing the
      culture supernatant of individual clones with rabbit anti-bovine light chain
      antibody. The bovine nature of Ig secreted by the bovine x murine hybridomas was
      confirmed by the ability of bovine serum but not murine serum to inhibit specific
      adsorption by murine anti-bovine Ig coupled to Sepharose 4B and the inability of
      sheep anti-mouse Ig (all isotypes) to bind biosynthetically labelled Ig from the
      respective bovine x murine hybridomas or to react with bovine x murine hybridoma
      Ig in Ouchterlony analysis. The isotype of the bovine Ig produced by each
      hybridoma was determined by cRIA using bovine Ig isotype-specific murine mcab,
      Ouchterlony analysis with guinea pig anti-bovine Ig isotypes and molecular weight
      analysis of unreduced and reduced affinity purified Ig from the respective bovine
      x murine hybridomas. Even though the hybridomas in this study showed chromosome
      loss, they have continued to secrete bovine Ig in culture for over 16 months,
      indicating that it is possible to isolate and stabilize interspecific hybridomas
      retaining the chromosome, or at least the genes, encoding an Ig. These hybridomas
      will provide monoclonal bovine Ig for; 1) serological standards, 2) production of
      polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to bovine Ig isotypes, 3) sequencing studies,
      4) serological and structural studies of bovine Ig classes and subclasses, and
      messenger RNA for the production of cDNA probes for the cloning of bovine Ig
      genes and for determining the organization of Ig genes in the bovine genome.

PMID- 6428034
TI  - Structural studies of sheep IgG1 precipitating and co-precipitating antibodies.
AB  - Descriptions have previously been given of the physiochemical and
      immunobiological behaviour of IgG co-precipitating antibodies, isolated from
      different animal species, compared with that of the precipitating ones belonging
      to the same immunoglobulin class. From those investigations it seems reasonable
      to assume that only one of the combining sites present in the two binding arms of
      the co-precipitating antibody molecule firmly binds the antigen. Consequently,
      the antibody does not form insoluble Ag-Ab complexes. The peptide maps, diagonal
      peptide maps and high voltage electrophoresis developed with peptides obtained
      after previous reduction and radioactive alkylation did not show differences
      between sheep IgG1 precipitating and co-precipitating antibodies. When diffused
      against rat anti-sheep IgG1 precipitating antibody serum, sheep IgG1
      precipitating antibody gave a band of precipitation which was identical to the
      band given by sheep IgG1 co-precipitating antibody. Similar results were obtained
      when rat anti-sheep IgG1 co-precipitating antibody serum was used for
      precipitation. By immunodiffusion with cross absorbed sera no antigenic
      differences between the two antibodies could be demonstrated. The results
      obtained indicate that the different behaviour of precipitating and co
      precipitating antibodies when interacting with antigen would probably not be a
      consequence of differences in the primary structures of their constant fragments.
      Both antibodies would belong to the same class, sub-class or type of
      immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6428035
TI  - Alternative pathway of bovine complement: concentration of factor B, hemolytic
      activity and heritability.
AB  - Concentrations of bovine factor B (Bbov) were determined by radial
      immunodiffusion in sera of 46 Holstein cows and heifers aged one to nine years.
      Mean values were 34.2 +/- 5.3 mg/100 ml. A hemolytic diffusion plate assay in
      agarose gel in presence of 10 mM EGTA and 5 mM Mg accurately measured
      concentrations of purified Bbov but gave higher mean values, i.e. 47.8 +/- 10.2
      mg/100 ml, for concentrations of Bbov in whole sera. Hemolytic values obtained by
      the hemolytic diffusion plate assay, however, weakly correlated (r = .4539, p
      less than 0.01) with the serum concentration of Bbov measured by radial
      immunodiffusion. It was concluded that the hemolytic diffusion plate assay was
      not an accurate technique for the quantitative measurement of Bbov but a good
      assay for quantitation of the total hemolytic activity mediated via activation of
      the alternative complement pathway. It is suggested that the difference between
      the values obtained by the two tests for one particular serum is, to some degree,
      an expression of the ratio of amplification and restriction of the alternative
      pathway activity. No significant heritability (offspring and one parent) was
      detected for the hemolytic activity of serum. A heritability of 0.93 at a
      significance level of p less than 0.1 was determined for the serum concentration
      of Bbov.

PMID- 6428036
TI  - [Methods of diagnosing infectious atrophic rhinitis].
AB  - Prevailing is the opinion that the infectious character of atrophic rhinitis is
      due to the causative agents isolated-- Bact . pseudomonas aeruginosa, Borditella
      bronchiseptica, and Mycoplasma. Using these either alone or in a mixed infection
      a successful reproduction of the disease was accomplished in 10-day-old pigs,
      which demonstrated its infectious character. It was found that most susceptible
      were pigs at the age of up to 30 days. The symptoms of the disease were dependent
      on the acute or chronic manifestation of atrophic rhinitis. The morphologic
      changes were mainly confined to the septum nasi, the conchae, and os cribriformis
      . Pathogenicity was tested on albino mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits, and
      diagnosing was effected with test animals through rentgenography and histologic
      and biochemical investigations. The diagnosis was based on the results of the
      above-mentioned investigations as well as on the clinical and morphologic
      manifestation of atrophic rhinitis.

PMID- 6428037
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A morphological analysis of 215 biopsy
      proven cases.
AB  - A cytomorphological analysis using a large number of variables was applied to 136
      fine needle aspirations and 122 imprints from 258 biopsy proven lymphoid lesions,
      including 203 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 12 true histiocytic neoplasms and 43
      lymphoid hyperplasias. Characteristics of the various cell types are described
      using the Kiel classification predominantly. Two blindly performed consecutive
      cytological analyses, indicated as Cyt I and Cyt II respectively, were compared
      with histology. False-positive conclusions did not occur. False-negative
      conclusions were present in 3.7% of cases. The intra-observer reproducibility
      between Cyt I and Cyt II was 93%. The inter-observer reproducibility between the
      4 authors was examined in 50 cases; consensus regarding malignancy, exact NHL
      type and benign cytology was 88%, 70% and 100% respectively. Cytodiagnosis of NHL
      is a reliable method with a high sensitivity which can add substantial
      information to tissue diagnosis in troublesome cases. Fine needle aspirations, if
      adequately performed, had the same cellularity, quality and cellular composition
      as imprints. Aspiration cytology is very useful for the selection of a
      representative lymph node for surgical biopsy, for the diagnosis of recurrent
      NHL, for staging the extent of disease, for the diagnosis of cases in which
      tissue biopsy is not possible, and as a variable for monitoring treatment.

PMID- 6428038
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the breast with late dissemination.
AB  - A case of recurrent leiomyosarcoma of the breast is described with multiple
      metastases after 14 years without symptoms. It is suggested that leiomyomas of
      the breast containing as few as two mitoses per 10 HPF, or which recur and
      contain any visible mitoses must be considered to be malignant.

PMID- 6428039
TI  - Multinucleate giant cells in sublabial salivary gland tissue in Sjogren's
      syndrome. A diagnostic pitfall.
AB  - The presence of multinucleate giant cells in the sublabial salivary gland tissue
      in Sjogren's syndrome is an unusual phenomenon which can give rise to
      differential diagnostic problems. We found in 4 cases of 55 patients with
      Sjogren's syndrome multinucleate giant cells. In 2 of these 4 patients
      epimyoepithelial islands were also present. The combination of both multinucleate
      giant cells as epimyoepithelial islands can mimic the histological picture of a
      non- caseating granulomatous disease. To discriminate between an epimyoepithelial
      island and an epithelioid granuloma the immunoperoxidase technique with
      antibodies directed against muramidase appeared an useful tool. The epithelioid
      cells contain muramidase whereas the cells in the epimyoepithelial island do not
      contain this enzyme. Thus, multinucleate giant cells are a rare phenomenon in
      Sjogren's syndrome, therefore restricting its diagnostic significance. When they
      occur in Sjogren's syndrome staining for muramidase can be of help to avoid a
      false positive diagnosis of diseases in which non- caseating granulomatous
      inflammation occur, such as in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6428040
TI  - On the angiostructure of lymph nodes in Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical
      study using the lectin I of Ulex europaeus as endothelial marker.
AB  - Using an extended indirect immunoperoxidase method and the lectin I of Ulex
      europaeus ( UEA -I), whose binding sites in lymph nodes are restricted to
      endothelial cells and erythrocytes, the angioarchitecture of 31 lymph nodes
      affected by Hodgkin's disease (HD) was demonstrated and analyzed. Compared with
      the normal state, the lymphocytic predominance type has a low relative vascular
      density, and venular endothelium is epithelioid throughout. Mixed cellularity
      types, especially those rich in epithelioid cells, have the lowest relative
      vascular density; the venular endothelium is often flat. In the sclerosing areas
      of the nodular sclerosis type structurel differences between capillaries,
      arterioles and venules vanish. Due to parenchymal atrophy and cellular depletion,
      relative vascular density is markedly increased in such areas, as is the case in
      lymphocytic depletion types. Despite all the histomorphological changes occurring
      in HD, the vascular system of the lymph node, surprisingly, does not undergo
      profound alteration. There is a positive correlation between the degree of
      epithelioid transformation of venular endothelium and trans-venular lymphocytic
      traffic. The conditions are described under which the otherwise non-reactive
      sinus endothelium expresses the UEA -I receptor.

PMID- 6428041
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component and
      lysozyme in benign and malignant common bile duct tissues.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique has been utilized for the localization of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC) and lysozyme ( LZ ) in
      normal and cancerous common bile duct tissues. Little or no CEA was found in the
      non-cancerous common bile duct tissues. SC was found in the surface epithelium
      and accessory gland epithelium and LZ was demonstrated only in the accessory
      glands. Some inflammatory cells were also positively stained for LZ . In
      adenocarcinoma, CEA was always present on the luminar border of the carcinoma
      cells, occasionally with intercellular and intracellular localization. LZ was
      absent, or only faintly detected in carcinoma. SC was generally distributed in
      well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, but showed a reduced intensity of
      staining with progressive dedifferentiation. These findings suggest that CEA, SC
      and LZ could be useful markers providing valuable information in the pathological
      diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma.

PMID- 6428042
TI  - An immunocytochemical study of the distribution of lysozyme, a1-antitrypsin and
      a1-antichymotrypsin in the normal and pathological gall bladder.
AB  - We have studied the distribution of lysozyme (Ly), a1-antitrypsin (a1AT) and a1
      antichymotrypsin ( a1AChy ) in the normal, chronically inflamed and neoplastic
      gall bladder mucosa using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. Ly was
      absent from the normal mucosa but it was found only in areas of glandular
      metaplasia of true antral type and in crypts of possible early metaplastic nature
      in cases of chronic cholecystitis. a1AT and a1AChy were also found in such
      metaplastic areas, but their presence was also observed immunohistochemically in
      areas of essentially normal and in non-metaplastic, chronically inflamed gall
      bladder mucosa. The possible local production of these substances by gall bladder
      epithelial cells is discussed. Ly, a1AT and a1AChy were also found in various
      histological types of adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder in varying degrees of
      frequency and intensity, unrelated to the histological type and invasiveness of
      the tumour.

PMID- 6428043
TI  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with prolonged hemodialysis
      treatment.
AB  - The association of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with
      prolonged hemodialysis treatment (PHT), not previously reported, was observed in
      a 56-year-old Japanese man who received PHT for 11 years. He suffered from
      recurrent bouts of fever and progressive neurological signs, such as
      irritability, speech disturbance, gait disturbance and dysphagia for seven
      months, and finally fell into a deep coma and died. Clinical signs and symptoms
      were highly suggestive of progressive dialysis encephalopathy. Necropsy revealed
      that the PML mainly involved the brainstem and cerebellar white matter. The
      aluminium content of the brain tissue was lower than that of controls. Possibly
      the virus causing PML is one of the causes of progressive dialysis
      encephalopathy, since clinically PML is not easily distinguished from progressive
      dialysis encephalopathy. It is essential to differentiate PML of viral etiology
      from progressive dialysis encephalopathy of unknown cause.

PMID- 6428044
TI  - Muscular hamartoma of the breast. An electron microscopic study.
AB  - A rare case of muscular hamartoma of the breast was presented. An electron
      microscopic study confirmed that the proliferating spindle cells were of smooth
      muscle cell origin.

PMID- 6428045
TI  - [Blood groups ABO, RHo(D) factor and the life expectancy of patients with
      malignant tumors].

PMID- 6428046
TI  - Normal survival of Rh0 (D) negative, LW (a+) red cells in a patient with allo
      anti LWa.
AB  - The serum of an Rh0 (D)+ Caucasian female with a prior history of transfusions
      contained anti- LWa , reacting moderately with Rh0 (D)+ and weakly with Rh0 (D)-
      red cells at the antiglobulin phase. Since transfusions were required, Chromium
      (51Cr) survival studies and mononuclear phagocyte assays (MPA) were used to
      predict in vivo survival. The MPA value of 6% of the positive control predicted a
      low likelihood of clinically significant extravascular destruction and 51Cr
      survival studies indicated greater than 95% survival at 1 h and 78% survival at
      20 h for rr erythrocytes. Transfusion of 4 units of Rh0 (D)-, serologically
      incompatible red cells increased the hemoglobin from 5.2 to 11.4 g/dl and the
      titer of anti- LWa against rr red cells from 4 to 1,024 7 days after the
      transfusion. A second 51Cr survival also indicated normal survival of rr
      erythrocytes. 3 additional Rh0 (D)- units were successfully transfused.

PMID- 6428047
TI  - [Formation of immune interferon in children with hemoblastoses].
AB  - Production of immune interferon by bone marrow mononuclears stimulated by
      phytohemagglutinin was experimentally demonstrated in vitro. The most effective
      dose of mitogen in this cell system was found to be 10 micrograms/ml, and the
      maximum gamma-interferon response was observed at 6-7 days of cultivation. At the
      same time, cultures of the peripheral blood mononuclears showed two peaks of
      antiviral activity: at 3 and 7 days. Comparison of interferon production in
      parallel cultures of blood and bone marrow mononuclears showed the potentials of
      mononuclears from both systems to be similar despite obvious heterogeneity of the
      cell composition of lymphoid cell populations.

PMID- 6428048
TI  - Cefonicid as therapy for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis caused by
      penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Young men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with 1 gram of
      cefonicid given intramuscularly plus 1 gram of probenecid by mouth. Of 53
      evaluable patients, 33 (62%) had penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
      All but one of these patients were cured. All men who had penicillin-sensitive
      infections were cured. Cefonicid was highly effective in the treatment of both
      penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant N gonorrhoeae. Other than moderate
      pain at the site of injection, there were no adverse side effects. Cefonicid can
      be added to the group of newer cephalosporins that are effective in the treatment
      of gonococcal urethritis caused by either penicillin-sensitive or penicillin
      resistant strains.

PMID- 6428049
TI  - Cardiomyopathies. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.

PMID- 6428050
TI  - Report on the WHO Collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health
      Care.

PMID- 6428051
TI  - Mental health care in developing countries: a critical appraisal of research
      findings. Report of a WHO Study Group.

PMID- 6428052
TI  - The leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.

PMID- 6428053
TI  - Historical review of pancreatic islet transplantation.

PMID- 6428054
TI  - Isolation and transplantation of islet tissue.

PMID- 6428055
TI  - Transplantation of organ-cultured fetal pancreas: experimental studies and
      potential clinical application in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6428056
TI  - The effect of islet transplantation on complications in experimental diabetes of
      the rat.

PMID- 6428057
TI  - Cryopreservation of insulin-producing tissue in rats and dogs.

PMID- 6428058
TI  - Theory and practice of immunoregulation by tissue treatment prior to
      transplantation.

PMID- 6428059
TI  - Experimental immuno-alteration.

PMID- 6428060
TI  - Immunogenetic considerations in islet transplantation: the role of Ia antigens in
      graft rejection.

PMID- 6428061
TI  - Pancreatic islet transplantation: immuno-alteration with ultraviolet irradiation.

PMID- 6428062
TI  - Cyclosporine and pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6428063
TI  - Experimental vascularized segmental pancreatic and islet transplantation in the
      baboon.

PMID- 6428064
TI  - Pancreas and islet transplant registry data.

PMID- 6428065
TI  - Mitomycin C-induced pulmonary and renal toxicities.

PMID- 6428066
TI  - Second surgical opinion programs: evaluation deficiencies.

PMID- 6428067
TI  - Lysinoalanine--a toxic compound in processed proteinaceous foods.

PMID- 6428068
TI  - The role of dietary protein in cholesterol metabolism.

PMID- 6428069
TI  - Protein patterns of Streptomyces griseus strains during development.
AB  - Protein patterns from mycelial extracts of Streptomyces griseus strains No. 45H
      and No. 52-1 were studied by one dimensional gradient PAGE with 20 cm run. The
      results are reproducible, the protein patterns are the same for the same
      developmental stage in a given strain. There are well-defined characteristic
      changes of the protein patterns during the life cycle. The proteins of spores
      show conspicuous differences compared to protein patterns of the old (72 h)
      mycelia in the same culture. There is no difference between protein patterns of
      spores from submerged and from solid media. The protein patterns of two closely
      related Streptomyces griseus strains significantly differ from each other. After
      pulse labelling with (14C)-labelled protein hydrolyzate for 40 min, the specific
      activities of the proteins show considerable differences. There are
      characteristic bands with low specific activity and others with high
      incorporation. The fluorograms of the 16, 40 and 64 h cultures show that
      different proteins are being synthesized intensively at different ages of the
      culture.

PMID- 6428070
TI  - [Use of whole-body counters for iron resorption and blood loss measurements].
AB  - It is reported on the methodology of nuclear-medical investigations of the iron
      metabolism with the help of a whole body counter. At first the construction of
      the whole body counter is briefly explained. The whole body counter installed in
      the nuclear-medical clinic of the St adtisches Klinikum Berlin- Buch consists of
      two NaJ (Tl)-crystal detectors which are arranged in a steel screening chamber
      above and below a patient's couch. By measurement of the total body retention of
      59Fe by means of the whole body counter the intestinal iron absorption can simply
      and easily be determined under physiological conditions. The total body measuring
      technique furthermore allows the recognition of the dynamic total body
      distribution of 59Fe by recording of longitudinal profiles of the body.
      Furthermore it is reported on the measuring method for the quantitative
      determination of blood losses by means of the whole body counter. Finally the
      author briefly deals with the radiation exposure of the patient in the
      investigations with 59Fe at the whole body counter.

PMID- 6428071
TI  - [Possible causes of change in collagen metabolism in aging].
AB  - At the beginning the different collagen types and their occurrence will be
      illustrated. The present known collagen changes - due to age alterations - will
      then be demonstrated and explained with examples: 1. Elasticity decrease of the
      collagen fibre due to stronging of the cross-links 2. Decrease of turnover 3.
      Increase of hydroxyproline and hydrolysine ; decrease of proline and lysine 4.
      Increase of the non-enzymatic glycosylation. The following comes into question as
      possible cause for age-changes to such degrees: decrease of water portion,
      decrease and change of the glycosaminoglycan-types, radical-formation, decrease
      of cell numbers and activity, immunity defect and general age changes.

PMID- 6428072
TI  - Persistent left superior vena cava and central venous feeding.
AB  - The dangers of left-sided superior vena cava have received insufficient attention
      in the literature on central venous catheterisation. Three infants have recently
      been encountered with this anomaly in a series of 160 central venous
      catheterisations . This is much higher than the reported incidence of the
      anomaly. Certain safeguards are suggested when it is encountered.

PMID- 6428073
TI  - Pericardial tamponade complicating central venous catheterization in a newborn
      infant.
AB  - Complications of central venous catheterizations are divided into immediate or
      early complications such as haematoma, pneumothorax and haemothorax, and late
      complications such as infection and venous thrombosis. One of the rare but life
      threatening complications of central venous catheterization is pericardial
      tamponade. We review the literature and add an additional case, the first
      reported in a newborn infant.

PMID- 6428074
TI  - [Fatal pulmonary fibrosis caused by gold therapy?].
AB  - The case of a 33-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed
      a severe pulmonary fibrosis during chrysotherapy of 3.5 months' duration is
      reported. The course of the fibrosis was progressive and led to respiratory
      insufficiency and death. The microscopic picture revealed a honeycomb lung with
      perialveolar proliferation of connective tissue and mononuclear cell
      infiltration. The clinical and temporal circumstances gave evidence that this
      pulmonary fibrosis is possibly to be interpreted as a gold-induced lung disease,
      though a causal connection could not be established with absolute security.
      However, gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis is usually completely reversible and has
      no fatal outcome: this would be the first report of a lethal outcome of a gold
      induced pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical data of 39 further cases of gold-induced
      pulmonary fibrosis published elsewhere are presented.

PMID- 6428075
TI  - [Studies on the variability of the phaseolotoxin production by Pseudomonas
      syringae pv. phaseolicola].
AB  - Isolation of bacteria from a field of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with
      conspicuous symptoms of halo blight disease resulted in 123 bacterial strains
      from which 57 were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola . At 18
      degrees C the phaseolotoxin production of the isolated strains differs widely in
      submerse culture. Only few strains produce high amounts of phaseolotoxin being
      comparable with those of the reference strain 1321, while most of the strains
      show a low capability of phaseolotoxin production. Furthermore, we proved the
      stability of phaseolotoxin production of 29 strains. After one year about 50% of
      the strains were extremely reduced in their capability of phaseolotoxin
      production. We found that the reason for this reduction of toxin production is
      the appearance of Tox- segregants within a Tox+ clone. At 24 degrees C all
      strains (with one exception) show considerable lower amounts of toxin production
      or none at all: maximally 30% of the toxin amounts synthesized at 18 degrees C
      were produced. At 28 degrees C none of the isolated strains produce phaseolotoxin
      . The present data allow the conclusion to be drawn that in natural environments
      there exists a wide spread regarding the amount and stability of the
      phaseolotoxin production.

PMID- 6428076
TI  - Occurrence of Bacillus cereus in milk and milk products in Egypt.
AB  - The presence of B. cereus spores in raw, pasteurized, and dry milk as well as in
      Damietta and processed cheese and in a baby food product was investigated, using
      three selective agar media for enumeration. The organism was detected in 70, 90,
      and 50% of milk, in processed and Damietta cheese samples, respectively. Spore
      counts varied from 10(2) to 10(6) and from 10 to 10(2)/ml of raw and pasteurized
      milk, respectively. In the two types of cheese and dried milk spore densities
      reached 10 to 10(3)/g. Egg yolk agar (E) gave better recovery rate of B. cereus
      when compared to the other two media, containing lithium chloride plus polymyxine
      B- sulphat (I) or polymyxin B-sulphate alone (KG). The latter agar medium
      favoured the development of larger colonies, surrounded by a more distinctive
      zone of precipitation.

PMID- 6428077
TI  - Factors affecting germination and growth of Bacillus cereus spores in milk.
AB  - The effect of salt concentration, acidity, and storage temperature on the spore
      germination of Bacillus cereus and the growth rate of the organism was
      investigated. Increasing the amount of salt to more than 5% or acidifying the
      milk to pH 5.0 or 4.5 greatly affected the germination and growth of B. cereus
      spores. When a culture of Streptococcus lactis was used as an acidifying agent,
      B. cereus showed a normal growth rate during the first 12 h, followed by a sharpe
      reduction in numbers. When B. cereus spores were inoculated in reconstituted dry
      milk or baby food, a higher multiplication rate was obtained at 30 degrees C than
      at 8 degrees C.

PMID- 6428078
TI  - Observations on malaria in European perching birds (passeriformes).
AB  - 893 passeriformes birds belonging to 44 species and 14 families were investigated
      for blood parasites during a study running over 5 years. More than 1700 blood
      samples were taken. An average of 14% of the birds proved to be infected, most
      frequently with Leucozytozoon and Haemoproteus ( Parahaemoproteus ). Plasmodium
      sp. as well as other blood parasites were rarely found. Positive findings were
      correlated to the number of birds investigated per species, to the frequency and
      mode of inspections, the species of birds, the age of birds, and to the season.
      The latter is especially important for Haemoproteidaes . The distribution of
      exoerythrocytic schizonts in various organs is dealth with. The malaria
      infections only very rarely were fatal to the birds.

PMID- 6428079
TI  - Host specificity and host range of the genus Sarcocystis in three snake-rodent
      life cycles.
AB  - Three Sarcocystis species with snake-rodent life cycles were studied for their
      host range and host specificity in systematically related intermediate and
      definitive hosts. While S. singaporensis and S. villivillosi developed only in
      murids closely related to the genus Rattus, a third Sarcocystis species (natural
      definitive host: Bitis nasicornis - syn. Isospora dirumpens ?) showed a broad
      intermediate host range. This species was found to use several Bitis species as
      definitive hosts. S. singaporensis and S. villivillosi in contrary produced
      sporocysts only in three Python species and in Aspidites melanocephalus .

PMID- 6428080
TI  - Fine structure of Leucocytozoon caulleryi during microgametogenesis and
      fertilization.
AB  - The fine structure of microgametogenesis and fertilization in Leucocytozoon
      caulleryi was studied. When the peripheral blood of chickens containing mature
      gametocytes was withdrawn or ingested by Culicoides arakawae , differentiation of
      the microgametocytes began immediately. The cytoplasm of host cell and the outer
      membrane of the microgametocyte disappeared. Axoneme formation began in the
      cytoplasm and the condensed chromatin masses were observed at the periphery of
      the nucleus of microgametocyte after disappearance of the nuclear membrane. The
      axonemes and chromatin masses migrated to the surface of the microgametocyte and
      participated in the formation of flagellar buds. The flagellar buds passed
      through interruptions of the inner membrane and were surrounded by the outer
      membrane of the microgametocyte . The microgametocyte formed eight slender
      microgametes. The microgamete was a long undulated thread-like structure and
      composed of a single axoneme and a nucleus. The nucleus was located at the mid to
      anterior region of the microgamete . The axoneme consisted of nine peripheral
      doublets arranged around two central microtubules. Penetration of the macrogamete
      by the microgamete occurred rapidly after ingestion. The axoneme and nucleus of
      the microgamete were seen free in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a fertilized
      macrogamete.

PMID- 6428081
TI  - Retained cartilage in the ulnar metaphysis with deformation of the forelegs in
      two litters of captive wolves.

PMID- 6428082
TI  - [Studies on magnesium. 1. Contribution on its pharmacological effect].

PMID- 6428083
TI  - Observation on sucking behaviour of Finnsheep lambs with particular reference to
      the effect of litter size.

PMID- 6428084
TI  - The significance of serum bile acid concentrations as indicator of hepatic
      dysfunction in the mini-pig.

PMID- 6428085
TI  - Fluid intake response of recently weaned pigs to administration of an oral
      glucose-glycine electrolyte formulation.

PMID- 6428086
TI  - Penetration of antimicrobial agents into tissue cage fluid in cattle.

PMID- 6428087
TI  - Stifle synovial fluid analysis in buffaloes affected with upward fixation of the
      patella.

PMID- 6428088
TI  - [Viral etiology of a disease accompanied by hepatitis and feather disorders in
      budgerigar fledgelings (Melopsittacus undulatus)].

PMID- 6428089
TI  - [Immunological effectiveness of a dried group-A meningococcal polysaccharide
      vaccine].
AB  - The immunological effectiveness of dried group A meningococcal polysaccharide
      vaccine, developed at the Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and
      Microbiology, Moscow, for children aged 5-14 years was studied. The intensiveness
      of the immune response of children to 0.5 ml of the vaccine introduced in a
      single injection was evaluated by a rise in the level of agglutinating antibodies
      to group A meningococcal polysaccharide in the sera of the vaccinees 3-4 weeks
      after immunization with the following optimum doses: 25 micrograms for children
      aged 5-8 years, 50 micrograms for children aged 9-13 years and 75 micrograms for
      children aged 14 years and over. The vaccine was shown to be highly immunogenic.
      Antibodies to group A meningococcal polysaccharide were identified as IgM. These
      antibodies in a titer of 1:40 and higher could be detected in 90% of the
      vaccinated children in the younger age group, 7 months after immunization.

PMID- 6428090
TI  - [Mechanism of action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin on the macroorganism
      (experimental studies)].
AB  - Some problems of the pathogenic action of P. aeruginosa exotoxin on the body have
      been experimentally studied. Under the conditions of intoxication produced by P.
      aeruginosa exotoxin pronounced functional disturbances in the main parameters of
      central hemodynamics and changes in the coagulation properties of the blood and
      in the free-radical peroxidation of lipids have been found to occur. The
      manifestation of pathological changes has been shown to have certain specific
      features in different organs and to depend on the time elapsed after the
      introduction of exotoxin into the animals.

PMID- 6428091
TI  - [DNA homology study of Corynebacterium diphtheriae v. gravis groups I, II and
      III, Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (ovis)].
AB  - The homology of genomes within Krylova 's groups I, II and III of C. diphtheriae,
      including toxigenic C. diphtheriae and their nontoxigenic precursors within the
      same group, was confirmed by the method of DNA/DNA molecular hybridization; the
      homology of DNA within the groups was 89-103%, the thermostability of
      heteroduplexes being high (on the level of homoduplexes ). The heterogeneity of
      genomes within these 3 groups of cultivar gravis was confirmed, which made it
      possible to consider C. diphtheriae, groups I, II and III, to belong to
      different, though closely related species; in intergroup hybridization the
      homology of DNA varied, as a rule, between 66% and 73%, while the thermostability
      of heteroduplexes was low: delta T50 was -3 degrees C to -6 degrees C. The
      differences in genomes (on the level of different species) between 3 groups of C.
      diptheriae v. gravis on one hand and C. diphtheriae v. mitis C7 (-) tox- and its
      convertant C7 (beta) tox+ of phage tox+ on the other hand (DNA homology being 56
      62%), as well as between C. diphtheriae v. intermedius No. 328 tox+ on one hand
      and the representatives of 3 groups of C. diphtheriae v. gravis and C.
      diphtheriae v. mitis, strain C7 (beta) tox+, on the other hand (DNA homology
      being 42-43%) were revealed. The heterogeneity of genomes (on the level of
      different genera) was revealed between C. diphtheriae strains, cultivars gravis
      (groups I, II and III), mitis (C7(-) tox- and C7 (beta) tox+) and intermedius
      (No. 328 tox+) on one hand and C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis (ovis)
      strains on the other hand; DNA homology was 11-17% for C. ulcerans and 22-26% for
      C. pseudotuberculosis (ovis), the thermostability of heteroduplexes being at the
      lowest level (delta T50 was -11 degrees C to -13 degrees C). As a result, C.
      diphtheriae, classified by Bergey as a single species, was found to comprise 5
      species detected by means of marking in accordance with their phenotypical
      features and genome structure, carried out by the method of DNA/DNA molecular
      hybridization; among these species were group I, II and III strains of cultivar
      gravis, strain C7 of cultivar mitis and strain No. 328 of cultivar intermedius.
      C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis (ovis) strains investigated in this study
      can possibly be placed outside the genus including 5 C. diphtheriae species.

PMID- 6428092
TI  - [Significance of the L transformation and reversion of the causative agent in the
      epidemiology of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6428093
TI  - [Antigens of human peripheral nerves].
AB  - The antigens of the peripheral nerves in man were studied by immuno and
      physicochemical methods. The composition of the peripheral nerves was shown to
      include antigens of wide specificity which can be found in many organs and
      tissues of the body. Moreover, antigens of narrow specificity (of the peripheral
      and the central nervous system) and a specific antigen of the peripheral nerves
      were identified. Separate peripheral nerves do not differ from each other
      according to the specific antigens. The specific antigen is thermostable,
      resistant to the acids and urea and does not fall into sedimentation at 100%
      saturation with ammonium sulphite. By electrophoretic mobility (similar to serum
      gamma-globulins) it belongs to cathode proteins. In accordance to its properties,
      it is designated as a gamma-neurospecific antigen (gamma-NSA).

PMID- 6428094
TI  - [Changes in cerebral hemodynamics in chronic vertebro-basilar insufficiency].
AB  - In cases of clinical symptomatology suggestive of an impairment of the
      vertebrobasilar basin, it is advisable to conduct a rheoencephalographic study
      for specifying the character and localization of the pathological process as well
      as for monitoring the efficiency of the therapy conducted.

PMID- 6428095
TI  - Diverticulum of the female urethra: a report of 50 cases.
AB  - In the last ten years 50 patients were treated for urethral diverticulum. In
      contrast to data in the literature the condition does not seem to be infrequent.
      The main symptoms are recurrent or long persisting disorders of urine flow often
      accompanied by loin pain during coitus. Beside the history, the diagnosis is
      based on anterograde or retrograde cystourethrography, urethroscopy ,
      catheterization combined with vaginal exposure and bimanual examination. In
      treatment, diverticulectomy is a simple and successful method without
      complications, always relieving the long persisting or recurring complaints.

PMID- 6428096
TI  - Dobutamine effects on blood gases and hemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction
      with heart failure.
AB  - We studied the effects of dobutamine on blood gases, venous admixture and
      hemodynamics in ten patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with
      left heart failure. After one hour infusion of dobutamine (mean dose: 6.3
      micrograms/kg X min) there was an increase in cardiac index (27%, P less than
      0.005), and a decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure (13%, P less than 0.025) and
      right atrial pressure (25%, P less than 0.025). The increase in oxygen delivery
      (23%, P less than 0.005) and mixed venous oxygen tension (10%, P less than 0.01)
      were neither accompanied by significant change in low arterial oxygen tension nor
      in high venous admixture. We conclude that dobutamine improves hemodynamics and
      oxygen delivery in AMI without affecting existant intrapulmonary shunting.

PMID- 6428097
TI  - Clinical conference on pediatric nutrition. The role of Neopham and Intralipid in
      TPN.

PMID- 6428098
TI  - The contribution of parenteral nutrition to pediatric care.

PMID- 6428099
TI  - Experience with a new amino acid solution (Neopham) in general surgical patients.

PMID- 6428100
TI  - The use of Intralipid 10% and 20% in very low birthweight premature infants.

PMID- 6428101
TI  - Study of Intralipid 20% intravenous fat emulsion in post-surgical neonates.

PMID- 6428102
TI  - Complications associated with intravenous lipids in infants & children.

PMID- 6428103
TI  - Comparison of Intralipid 10% and Intralipid 20% as a source of energy and
      essential fatty acids--a multicenter study.
AB  - A multicenter clinical study was done which directly compared efficacy and safety
      of Intralipid 10% and Intralipid 20%. Twenty-nine patients received the 10%
      concentration, 30 patients received the 20% concentration. Both groups of
      patients received equivalent amounts of calories, amino acids, dextrose and fat
      for seven day study periods. Analysis of nitrogen balance data showed that the
      two preparations were equally effective in maintaining nitrogen balance. Both
      concentrations of fat emulsion were effective in reversing or correcting the
      changes of essential fatty acid deficiency. Analysis of clinical laboratory data
      indicated that both preparations were equally well tolerated by the patients. No
      adverse effects attributed to the fat emulsions were observed.

PMID- 6428104
TI  - Response of the bowel to injury and the transition from parenteral to enteral
      feedings.

PMID- 6428105
TI  - Clinical trial of a 6.5% amino acid infusion in appropriate-for-gestational-age
      premature neonates.

PMID- 6428106
TI  - A double-blind study comparing Neopham with FreAmine III in infants receiving
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6428107
TI  - A new parenteral nutrition solution for the treatment of infants with
      gastrointestinal disorders.

PMID- 6428108
TI  - An historical review of the development of criteria for intravenous amino acid
      requirements.

PMID- 6428109
TI  - A study evaluating the metabolism of Vaminolac in the sick preterm infant.

PMID- 6428110
TI  - Aspiration biopsy in the context of the new Medicare fiscal policy.
AB  - The new Medicare legislation requires hospital reimbursement on a per case,
      rather than cost per test, basis. This policy emphasizes selectivity in
      hospitalization, increased efficiency in diagnosis and therapy and abbreviated
      hospital stays. Aspiration biopsy is discussed as a procedure that responds to
      needs stimulated by fiscal demands, with particular attention given to cost
      containment and outpatient care and aspiration biopsy's value as a vehicle that
      ensures high-quality medical care.

PMID- 6428112
TI  - Evidence of altered dopaminergic modulation of Prl, LH, FSH, GH and TSH secretion
      during chronic partial dopamine receptor blockade in normal women.
AB  - In order to study the influence of chronic, partial dopaminergic blockade on
      pituitary secretion of Prl, TSH, GH, LH and FSH, 8 normally menstruating women
      were given metoclopramide (MTC, Primperan ) 7.5 mg daily for 4 weeks. Based on
      weekly measurements of progesterone, all cycles were ovulatory. Prior to and
      after 4 weeks of drug administration serial measurements of basal hormone levels
      as well as the acute alterations after 10 mg of MTC iv were assessed during the
      early follicular phase. Chronic MTC administration significantly increased serum
      Prl (P less than 0.02), reduced basal levels of LH (P less than 0.02), whereas
      basal serum concentrations of TSH, GH and FSH were not changed. Before chronic
      administration iv MTC evoked significant increments in serum Prl (P less than
      0.001), TSH (P less than 0.001) and GH (P less than 0.005). The acute TSH
      increments were significantly (P less than 0.02) diminished after 4 weeks of
      treatment. The influence of chronic MTC administration on serum LH and TSH levels
      may be the result of a competitive effect of a stimulatory influence of the
      dopamine receptor blocker and an opposing inhibitory influence of an increased
      hypothalamic dopamine activity, evoked by the MTC induced hyperprolactinaemia.
      Our data favour that the latter mechanism is dominating in normal women, during
      chronic administration of a low dose of MTC.

PMID- 6428111
TI  - Are the 'second generation' oral hypoglycemic agents really different?
AB  - The common denominator of the numerous data collected from experimental studies
      on isolated organs, on healthy subjects and on diabetic patients, is a specific
      effect of sulfonylureas on insulin release in the presence (or absence) of
      glucose. However, there are significant differences in the capacity of the
      various chemical preparations active in that respect. There are biochemical data
      suggesting that the glyburide- and chlorpropamide-type of preparations are
      affecting sites of the B-cells that are different from both the glucose and the
      tolbutamide receptors. Thus, glibenclamide seems to be qualitatively different
      from the older sulfonylureas, being more a potentiator than a stimulator.
      Therefore, we called this type the representative of 'the second generation'
      drugs. The extra-B-cell actions of these drugs, predominantly the stimulation of
      somatostatin and the inhibition of glucagon, are favorably adding to these
      antidiabetic actions. In clinical therapy, these specific properties make it
      possible to diagnose and to treat patients successfully who were regarded before
      as being non-responsive to sulfonylureas and being insulin-dependent. On the
      basis of blood glucose decreases and C-peptide increases, a specific
      glibenclamide-glucose-response-test has been described which is a valuable medium
      for predicting the outcome of oral antidiabetic therapy.

PMID- 6428113
TI  - Developmental pattern of TRH-degrading activity and TRH content in rat pancreas.
AB  - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), like several other neuropeptides, has been
      detected in the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats. More recently, elevated
      concentrations of TRH have been found in the neonatal rat pancreas. This study
      was undertaken to evaluate pancreatic TRH degrading activity (TRH-DA) in infant
      rats from birth until adult life. Pancreatic TRH of age-matched rats was also
      measured by radioimmunoassay. TRH-DA was present in normal adult rat pancreas;
      though absent at birth and in the early postnatal period up to day 7, this
      activity was detected during the remainder of the developmental period. TRH
      content (pg +/- SEM per pancreas) was 1139 +/- 88 on day 1, reached a peak value
      of 7360 +/- 758 at day 2 and then decreased steadily to adult level. TRH-DA has
      been found to be present at birth in hypothalamus and liver but not in plasma.
      The developmental patterns of TRH-DA in plasma and in pancreas were parallel and
      seem to be thyroid hormone dependent. The absence of TRH-DA in the neonatal
      pancreas may also be related to the high TRH concentrations detected in this
      organ during the neonatal period.

PMID- 6428114
TI  - FSH, LH and prolactin levels, ovarian follicular development and ovarian
      responsiveness to FSH in the Snell dwarf mouse.
AB  - The homozygous Snell dwarf mouse is sterile. It has been shown that pituitary
      hormone levels are low in 3 month old animals except for FSH and LH whose
      pituitary contents and plasma concentrations are normal. In this study, the
      pituitary FSH, LH and prolactin (Prl) content, the FSH plasma concentration and
      the ovarian follicular development of the Snell dwarf mouse were studied at 18,
      20, 24, 40 and 80 days of age. Normal mice were also studied at the same age and
      served as controls. Pituitary FSH was significantly lower in dwarf mice compared
      with controls during the period days 18 to 30, while plasma FSH was significantly
      lower during the period days 20 to 80. Pituitary LH was significantly lower in
      dwarf mice during the period days 18 to 40. In normal mice, pituitary Prl
      increased with age, but remained consistently low in dwarf mice. The normal
      number of growing follicles was similar in dwarf mice and controls up to day 30,
      but thereafter the total number of growing follicles was greater in the controls.
      In the dwarf mice, the production of antral follicles was low and there were no
      ovulations. The rates of atresia were similar in the two genotypes. The
      responsiveness of the dwarf mouse ovary to FSH was then examined. When dwarf and
      control mice were supplemented with FSH for 5 days starting at 24 days of age,
      the ovarian and uterine weights increase 6- and 5-fold, respectively, in the
      dwarf mice, and 2- to 3-fold in the normal mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428115
TI  - Highly specific antisera against native ovine follitropin (oFSH) obtained from
      crude antisera by affinity chromatography on solid-phase undissociable lutropin
      (LH) column.
AB  - Antibodies recognizing determinants of the alpha-subunit, which is common to all
      glycoprotein hormones, were eliminated from antisera against native oFSH by
      affinity chromatography. Since the free alpha-subunit is immunologically
      different from the alpha-subunit in the intact hormone, we did not use an alpha
      subunit affinity column. Instead, the antisera were applied to an LH affinity
      column. However, because intact LH dissociates in the conditions used to elute
      the purified antibodies, we prepared an LH derivative with covalently-linked
      subunits and coupled it to gel matrix. By this method oFSH antisera were freed
      from their non-specific antibodies. The cross-reaction of ovine lutropin in the
      oFSH radioimmunoassay (RIA) was lowered from 2% to less than 0.1%. Moreover, as
      the columns can be used repeatedly over long periods with no apparent loss of
      efficiency, large volumes of antiserum can be treated in this manner.

PMID- 6428116
TI  - Transitory subclinical and permanent hypothyroidism in the course of subacute
      thyroiditis (de Quervain).
AB  - Sixty-two patients affected with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) were followed for a
      mean period of 14 months (range 1-40), by monitoring thyroid hormone levels in
      basal condition, pituitary TSH reserve, antithyroglobulin (TgAb) and
      antimicrosomal antibodies ( MsAb ), in order to study the natural course of the
      disease and to characterize its intermediate phase. In the first phase the mean
      serum iodothyronine levels were within normal limits, nevertheless elevated T3
      and T4 levels were detected in 34 (54%) and 20 (32%) patients, respectively. The
      next phase was characterized by normal serum iodothyronine levels; TRH
      stimulation test, however, showed a significant increase of pituitary TSH reserve
      in 35 (56%) patients. All parameters reverted gradually towards normal in all but
      3 patients, who showed overt permanent hypothyroidism. TgAb and MsAb were
      positive in the early stage in 15 (24%) and 40 (64%) patients, respectively,
      disappearing at the end of the follow-up period in all but one patient; this
      particular patient belonged to the group of 3 patients affected with permanent
      hypothyroidism. Our data indicate that the onset of SAT is characterized by
      transient hyperthyroidism and that transient subclinical hypothyroidism
      characterizes the next phase. TRH stimulation test is required for the diagnosis
      of the latter and for the identification of the few who develop permanent
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6428117
TI  - In vitro thyrotrophin release with thyrotropin-releasing hormone and an analogue,
      DN-1417.
AB  - Using dispersed and primarily cultured cells of rat pituitary glands,
      thyrotrophin (TSH) release by TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) and an analogue, gamma
      butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L- prolinamide (DN-1417) which is more
      potent than TRH on central nervous system behavioural paradigms, was examined
      under conditions of static incubation and superfusion. Static incubations of the
      cells with different concentrations of DN-1417 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and TRH (10(-10)
      10(-6) M) resulted in a dose-related increase of TSH release and the response to
      both peptides, in logarithmic doses, was in parallel. The potency of DN-1417
      related to TSH release was 0.14-0.26% that of TRH. Maximal TSH release induced by
      DN-1417 (10(-5) M) was slightly but significantly greater than that by TRH (10(
      7) M). In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, the TSH response to either
      of the peptides was augmented, and the difference in the maximal TSH release by
      either peptide became insignificant, suggesting that TRH as well as DN-1417 act
      through the same mechanism of mediation by the cyclic nucleotides. In the
      superfusion study, a biphasic profile of TSH release was observed during a
      continuous exposure (100 min) to maximal doses of either the analogue or TRH. The
      biphasic release of TSH was thought to be specific to TRH action because high K+
      produced a different profile of the release. These results indicate that the
      potency of DN-1417 in TSH release is considerably lower than that of TRH, and
      also suggest that the direct action of DN-1417 on TSH release is qualitatively
      similar to that of TRH.

PMID- 6428118
TI  - Evidence of altered dopaminergic modulation of Prl, LH and TSH secretion in
      patients with normoprolactinaemic amenorrhoea.
AB  - Basal plasma concentrations of Prl, LH, FSH, GH, TSH, T3, T4, resin T3 uptake (
      RT3U ), and oestradiol as well as hormone responses to iv metoclopramide (MTC)
      were investigated in 16 consecutive patients with normoprolactinaemic,
      normogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. The control group consisted of 17 normal
      menstruating women between day 3 and 6 of the menstrual cycle. The mean age of
      the amenorrhoeic patients was 24.0 years (range 19 to 34) and the mean duration
      of amenorrhoea was 31 months (range 12 to 60). Amenorrhoeic patients had
      significantly (P less than 0.05) lower basal levels of LH, oestradiol and RT3U ,
      whereas other hormone levels were similar in the two groups. Plasma Prl and TSH
      concentrations rose significantly (P less than 0.05) after the administration of
      MTC in the two groups. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.69 P less than
      0.01) was found between the TSH response to MTC and basal TSH levels in controls,
      but not in amenorrhoeic patients. Plasma LH levels increased significantly (P
      less than 0.05) in amenorrhoeic patients, but not in controls. The Prl and TSH
      responses to MTC were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in amenorrhoeic
      patients than in normal women. In amenorrhoeic patients none of the hormonal
      parameters correlated significantly (P greater than 0.05) with the percentage of
      ideal body weight. It is concluded that the hormonal changes in amenorrhoeic
      patients may in part be caused by a raised dopaminergic activity leading to a
      depression of central ovulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 6428119
TI  - The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in type 1 diabetes: influence of diabetic
      metabolic control.
AB  - The influence of diabetic metabolic control on indices of thyroid function was
      studied in 9 euthyroid, insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetics. During chronic poor
      metabolic control (mean fasting blood glucose 13 mmol/l and HbA1 concentrations
      14.7%) serum T3 concentrations were low (P less than 0.01) while serum T4 and
      basal TSH concentrations were normal. After 6-8 weeks of improved metabolic
      control, mean HbA1 concentrations had fallen to 10.7% (P less than 0.01) and
      serum T3 concentrations had increased into the normal range. Serum T4 and basal
      TSH concentrations were unchanged. The serum TSH response to iv TRH remained
      normal throughout the study. In Type 1 diabetics, with chronic poor metabolic
      control, the serum T4 concentration and the TSH response to TRH are therefore
      appropriate indicators of thyroid function.

PMID- 6428120
TI  - The combination of insulin and sulphonylurea in the treatment of secondary drug
      failure in patients with type II diabetes.
AB  - Thirteen patients (6 females and 7 males) who were secondary failures on oral
      drug therapy were randomly allocated to either 2 months of treatment with insulin
      + glibenclamide or insulin + placebo. Thereafter the treatment schedules of the
      two groups were switched over for another two months. The combination of insulin
      and glibenclamide was more effective in lowering the fasting blood glucose (P =
      0.026) and 24 h urine glucose (P = 0.042) than the combination of insulin and
      placebo. The combination therapy with insulin and glibenclamide revealed higher
      basal (P = 0.021) and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide concentrations (P = 0.037)
      than therapy with insulin and placebo. However, insulin binding to erythrocytes
      did not differ between the two study periods. The results indicate that the
      addition of glibenclamide to insulin in type II diabetics poorly controlled by
      oral antidiabetics alone may slightly improve diabetic control. The mechanism of
      this action is due at least partly to sulphonylurea-induced stimulation of
      endogenous insulin secretion. The effectiveness of the combination treatment
      during long-term therapy still remains to be proven, however.

PMID- 6428121
TI  - Sex related goitrogenic effect of lithium carbonate in healthy young subjects.
AB  - Eight healthy males and 8 healthy females without a family history of thyroid
      disease or detectable thyroid autoantibodies were given 300 mg of lithium
      carbonate twice a day for 28 days. Using a precise and accurate ultrasonic
      technique we demonstrated an increase in median thyroid volume from 18 ml on day
      0 to 34 ml on day 28 (P less than 0.005) in the female group, whereas the median
      thyroid volume was unchanged in the male group. A significant increase in basal
      serum TSH level and serum TSH levels 20, 60 and 90 min after 200 micrograms of
      TRH iv was found in both groups after 28 days of lithium treatment. The means of
      the individual TSH increments during the TRH test were not significantly
      different between the two sexes neither before nor after lithium treatment. After
      14 and 28 days a significant fall in serum T4 levels was found in both sexes.
      131I uptake (24 h) in the thyroid gland was increased in both sexes, but only in
      the male group was the mean PB131I (24 h) significantly reduced after 28 days of
      lithium treatment. In conclusion the present study suggests a difference in
      susceptibility of the thyroid gland to the growth stimulating effect of minute
      increments in serum TSH in young healthy males and females given lithium
      carbonate.

PMID- 6428122
TI  - Effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on pancreatic TRH-degrading activity and TRH
      concentrations in developing rat pancreas.
AB  - High concentrations of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat pancreas
      were detected during the first few days of life decreasing thereafter while
      pancreatic TRH-degrading activity (TRH-DA) absent at birth appeared on day 14 and
      increased to reach adult values by day 21. This period of life is also remarkable
      by the low level of circulating thyroid hormones. Since TRH-degrading activity
      may be thyroid hormone dependent it was of interest to study the effects of
      thyroid status fluctuations both on TRH-DA and TRH content during the neonatal
      period. In this study, hypo- and hyperthyroidism were induced by 6-n-propyl-2
      thiouracil (PTU) and triiodothyronine (T3) respectively. Pancreatic TRH-DA and
      TRH concentrations were measured at different ages from birth until day 29, in
      treated animals and results compared to control age-matched rats. In hypothyroid
      rats, pancreatic TRH concentrations remained significantly higher after day 16
      while TRH-DA was lower during the whole period studied. Following T3 treatment,
      pancreatic TRH concentrations decreased significantly from day 3 onwards.
      However, no significant changes were found for TRH-DA except a two-fold increase
      on day 28. These results suggest that two different mechanisms may account for
      thyroid hormones action: 1) a direct effect on pancreatic TRH 2) an inductive
      saturable effect on TRH-DA. Furthermore a fine tuner modulatory role of TRH-DA on
      TRH concentrations cannot be excluded.

PMID- 6428123
TI  - Altered parathyroid set point to calcium in familial hypocalciuric
      hypercalcaemia.
AB  - Changes in calcium concentration were induced by an infusion of disodium-EDTA or
      calcium in 2 members of a family suffering from hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (
      FHH ) associated with interstitial lung disease. These changes in calcium
      demonstrated an inverse linear relationship with the changes in serum parathyroid
      hormone (PTH). Infusion of EDTA in control subjects and in patients with an
      adenoma or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands also showed inverse
      relationships between calcium and PTH. The correlation between serum calcium and
      serum PTH was significant over the range observed during the induced hypo- and/or
      hypercalcaemia in controls and in patients with FHH or adenoma. The regressions
      were, however, shifted relative to each other: in comparison with controls, the
      FHH was displaced upwards and to the right, although not as far as the adenomas.
      These findings suggest the existence of an elevated set point for extracellular
      calcium (or calciostat ) in FHH .

PMID- 6428124
TI  - The effect of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) agonist (Wy-40,972),
      levonorgestrel, danazol and ovariectomy on experimental endometriosis in the rat.
AB  - The effect of the LRH agonist, Wy-40,972, levonorgestrel or danazol on growth of
      endometrial explants in the intact female rat was studied. Sc injection of a
      single compound was begun 3 weeks after transplantation of a section of
      endometrium to the peritoneal wall. The animals were laparotomized to determine
      growth of the explant on day 1 of treatment. Injections were continued for 3
      weeks at which time the animals were again laparotomized and the condition of the
      explant examined. Eight weeks after cessation of treatment the animals were
      sacrificed and the growth of the explant recorded. One or 30 micrograms of the
      LRH agonist produced a consistent inhibition of explant growth during treatment
      that was comparable to that obtained by ovariectomy. However, 8 weeks after
      cessation of injection, the majority of explants exhibited renewed growth while
      all of the explants in the ovariectomized rats were only visually present. These
      result suggest that inhibiting or eliminating ovarian steroid production alone
      will not produce a permanent regression of the endometrial explant. Treatment
      with 30 micrograms danazol produced no effect and 1, 30 or 100 micrograms
      levonorgestrel produced none to limited inhibition of explant growth. However, 8
      weeks after cessation of treatment explants in animals treated with either
      levonorgestrel or danazol were smaller in size than recorded prior to treatment.
      Thus, the inhibiting action of the peptide is rapid, whereas that of the steroids
      is, apparently, delayed. The observed activity of steroidal and non-steroidal
      compounds in this study demonstrates the usefulness of a rat model in the study
      of endometriosis.

PMID- 6428125
TI  - Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH during gestation and puerperium in the rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Pituitary gonadotropin response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH;
      150 micrograms, administered intravenously) was studied during pregnancy and the
      early postpartum period in rhesus monkeys. Challenge tests were performed
      approximately every three weeks during pregnancy and every two weeks after
      delivery, in breast-feeding and non breast-feeding animals. It was found that the
      response to the releasing factor was completely abolished as early as day 20
      after conception. This absence of pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH continued
      throughout pregnancy. The return of the response during the puerperium occurred
      as early as day 15 post-delivery in non-breast-feeding monkeys, but remained
      abolished up of the response to LH-RH in FSH and LH concentration was observed,
      in that LH levels increased 70%-90%, whereas FSH levels increased only 20%-30%.
      Serum prolactin (PRL) levels in breast-feeding animals presented a slight
      increase the first week post-delivery and thereafter, and decreased gradually
      until they reached normal levels four weeks post-delivery. In contrast,
      concentrations of serum PRL in non-breast-feeding animals decreased abruptly to
      normal levels within the first week post-delivery. These results demonstrate
      that, due to its similarity to the human, the rhesus monkey is an excellent
      animal model in which to study pituitary function during pregnancy and the
      puerperium.

PMID- 6428126
TI  - Hormone dependence of human cervical mucus and variability of mucus canalization
      and crystallization during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Assessment of canalization and crystallization of human cervical mucus and their
      variability during the menstrual cycle has revealed a direct relationship with
      ovarian hormone levels. This hormone dependence of cervical mucus was clearly
      identified during the fertile phase, while it seemed to be hormone independent
      during the infertile phases. In fact, during the early preovulatory and the
      postovulatory phase, both canalization and crystallization showed the same
      morphological features in spite of the striking difference in hormonal levels. On
      the basis of these data and the already known heterogeneity of cervical
      secretion, it is suggested that one of the mucus components is hormone dependent
      while the other is hormone independent, their quantity modifications being quite
      opposite during the menstrual cycle. The hypothesis therefore indicates two
      different types of muciparous cells in the cervical crypts: normal muciparous
      cells--as in the other mucous epithelia--intermixed with others only secreting
      under the stimulus of ovarian hormones.

PMID- 6428127
TI  - [Behavior of small molecular cysteine proteinase inhibitors in lung cancers and
      surrounding tissue].
AB  - In this work, we have studied the occurrence of acid and neutral cysteine
      proteinase inhibitors in 3 histologically different lung cancers. The acid
      cysteine proteinase inhibitor ( ACPI ) seems to be associated to squamous
      differentiation as our previous observations have shown. As a new observation we
      could show that the neutral cysteine proteinase inhibitor ( NCPI ) was localized
      in alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 6428128
TI  - Uptake and transport of lectins from the cerebrospinal fluid by cells of the
      immature mouse brain.
AB  - 40 mice (C57BL/6J) 2, 3, 6, and 10 d old were injected intraventricularly with 2%
      wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or soybean agglutinin (SBA). The transport of lectins
      from the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into brain parenchyma was studied
      by an unlabelled antibody technique ( BORGES and SIDMAN 1982). The granule
      product of the immunohistochemical reaction was found in the cytoplasm of
      ventricular ependymal cells, the choroid plexus and meninges in all age groups
      studied. Penetration of lectins into brain parenchyma was higher in younger
      animals and at more immature-cell-surrounded parts of lateral and the IVth
      ventricle. The stain product was dispersed throughout the neuropil excepting cell
      nuclei. Higher concentration of lectins appeared in nerve cell cytoplasm of some
      regions of the brain of younger animals (P2 to P3); in 10 d old mice granules of
      stain appeared in the cytoplasm of PURKINJE cells and pyramidal neurons of the
      hippocampus. A fiber-like staining, apparent especially in large commissures
      adjacent to brain ventricles (corpus callosum, fornix hippocampi) in all age
      groups, suggests that lectins are transported within axons, even at the earliest
      postnatal ages. Unlike WGA, densely stained glial cells appeared in parenchyma of
      SBA injected animals, especially of the younger age group (P3 to P6). The results
      of this study confirm earlier findings that macromolecules within the ventricular
      CSF can penetrate into brain parenchyma but suggest that the penetration is
      higher in less mature animals and at the ventricle regions surrounded by less
      differentiated parenchyma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428129
TI  - Localization of lectin binding sites on the rat intestinal microvillous membrane.
AB  - The distribution of peroxidase labeled Asparagus Pea Lectin and Soybean
      Agglutinin on the rat intestinal microvillous membrane was studied. Controls were
      carried out to determine the reaction specifity . Some analogy was established
      between the distribution of the binding sites of both lectins. The reaction
      product was deposited mainly on the microvillous membrane of the crypt cells and
      the cells from the lower part of the intestinal villi, and to a lesser extent on
      the upper part of the latter. Electron dense material was seen on the upper part
      and chiefly on the tip of the microvilli. From the results of this study and on
      the basis of data from our previous studies it was proposed, that changes in the
      carbohydrate content of the microvillous membrane appear during the
      differentiation and maturation of the intestinal cells.

PMID- 6428130
TI  - A histochemical method suitable to discriminate free cholesterol from its esters
      and both from 7-dehydrocholesterol and vitamins D.
AB  - The peracetic acid-toluidine blue and the peracetic acid-Schiff reactions as well
      as the failure of HgCl2-formalin fixative for inhibiting these reactions appears
      as a very useful method for free cholesterol histochemical detection and to
      discriminate it from its esters and from some of its metabolic products such as 7
      dehydrocholesterol and vitamins D. The cholesterol histochemical detection
      provided by those reactions appears specific taking into account the findings
      afforded by spot tests. The peracetic acid-toluidine blue reaction is very
      suitable for histochemical purposes on tissue sections, since it does not
      produces tissues damages, it is sensitive and the stained end product is almost
      insoluble in the solvents frequently used in histological techniques. The
      previous ribonuclease treatment and methylation are very useful in avoiding the
      basophil substances interference on the peracetic acid-toluidine blue reaction.
      The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine carbonyl group blockade is useful to decrease the
      influence of carbonyl group on the peracetic acid-histological techniques. The
      previous ribonuclease treatment and methylation are very useful in avoiding the
      basophil substances interference on the peracetic acid-toluidine blue reaction.
      The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine carbonyl group blockade is useful to decrease the
      influence of carbonyl group on the peracetic acid-histological techniques. The
      previous ribonuclease treatment and methylation are very useful in avoiding the
      basophil substances interference on the peracetic acid-toluidine blue reaction.
      The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine carbonyl group blockade is useful to decrease the
      influence of carbonyl group on the peracetic acid-Schiff reaction. The peracetic
      acid-toluidine blue reaction is more sensitive and more specific than peracetic
      acid-Schiff reaction, since the tissues do contain Schiff reactive products
      unable to be 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine blocked which interfere on the results of
      the latter reaction decreasing its specificity and its sensitivity. The
      cholesterol histochemical detection based on the peracetic acid-toluidine blue
      and peracetic acid-Schiff reaction as it is suitable in discriminating free
      cholesterol from its esters as well as from some of its metabolic products it
      appears very useful for metabolic studies on tissue sections.

PMID- 6428131
TI  - Cerebral insulin-like immunoreactivity in rats and mice. Drastic decline during
      postnatal ontogenesis.
AB  - We studied the behavior of the insulin-like immunoreactivity in brains of rats
      and mice during the first 20 d post natum by immunohistochemistry and
      radioimmunoassay. It was found that a dramatic decline in the concentration of
      the peptide, accompanied by a strong reduction of immunoreactive cells, takes
      place during this period. A possible role of cerebral insulin as a promoter of
      nerve cell growth and development is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6428132
TI  - Present status of estrogen-receptor cytochemistry and its application in breast
      cancer research.
AB  - Estradiol-BSA-FITC is an hydrophilic macromolecular analog used as a cytochemical
      marker of estrogen-binding sites. Because of the size of the molecule it seems
      that the reaction must be carried out on fresh-frozen cryostat sections. The
      freezing technique affects stainability, even as the freezing temperature. Post
      fixation is used or not; the influence of various fixatives is variously
      interpreted. Thawing of the sections influences the intensity and localization of
      fluorescence. The concentration of E-BSA-FITC in the incubation medium plays a
      major role in the binding capacity of estrogen-receptors (ER). Fluorescence
      involves cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. The specificity of labelling on control
      sections by different methods of inhibition is variously appreciated. The
      threshold of ER-positivity varies from 10 to 90% of the cells. Standardization of
      the procedure, if possible, is highly desirable as much as the interpretation
      rules of the results.

PMID- 6428133
TI  - Variability and ultrastructural histochemical localization of sulphates in the
      salivary glands of rodents and Lagomorpha.
AB  - Stainings were effected on an ultrastructural histochemical level to localize
      sulphomucins in the submandibular and sublingual glands of growing mice and
      rabbits. Sulphates behave in an entirely different way in the salivary glands of
      Lagomorpha and in those of Rodents. In growing rabbits sulphates can be
      demonstrated in both glands; at maturity they can be demonstrated only in the
      sublingual gland and no longer in the submandibular gland. In the salivary glands
      of Rodents, sulphates cannot be demonstrated histochemically in new born subjects
      or in adults. The histochemical results are compared to the biochemical ones, and
      discrepancies, where present, are discussed.

PMID- 6428134
TI  - Occurrence of acid and neutral cysteine proteinase inhibitors in epidermal
      malignancies: immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor ( ACPI ) and neutral cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor ( NCPI ) were localized in human epidermal malignancies by the
      unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method. Basaliomas did not contain
      ACPI or NCPI . In spinous, metatypic , and clear cell carcinomas of the
      epidermis, both inhibitors were located in the cytoplasm and sometimes on the
      cell membranes of the differentiated carcinoma cells. The inhibitors were not
      seen in the 1 or 2 most "basal" cells layers of the carcinoma islets. The
      locations of both inhibitors were similar, and the staining for ACPI was usually
      more intense than staining that NCPI .

PMID- 6428135
TI  - Concerning the presence of an insulin-related peptide in the human brain: an
      immunohistochemical reinvestigation by use of monoclonal insulin antibodies.
AB  - The immunohistochemical localization of insulin/insulin-like immunoreactivity in
      different regions of the human brain was reevaluated by use of monoclonal
      antibodies against insulin. The data obtained support our earlier findings that
      cerebral insulin is present in nerve cells of several brain areas.

PMID- 6428136
TI  - In vitro d-amphetamine action on oxido-reductase activity of several rat nervous
      centres.
AB  - The action of several concentrations of d-amphetamine on the NADH-tetrazolium
      reductase histochemical reaction has been studied in several nervous regions of
      rats. The facts observed have demonstrated that d-amphetamine increases the
      intensity of the histochemical reaction by its action on NADH-oxido-reductase
      activity in all nervous regions studied.

PMID- 6428137
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion relationships during halothane anaesthesia and mechanical
      ventilation. Effects of varying inspired oxygen concentration.
AB  - Ventilation-perfusion relationships (VA/Q), assessed by a multiple inert-gas
      elimination technique, were studied during halothane anaesthesia and mechanical
      ventilation at different inspiratory oxygen fractions (FIO2). All nine patients
      (mean age 65 years, five smokers) displayed unaltered VA/Q distributions with
      increasing FIO2 from a mean of 29% to 53%. A further increase in FIO2 to a mean
      of 85% caused an increase in true shunt (VA/Q = 0) from 7 to 10% of cardiac
      output (P less than 0.01), but no increase in "low" VA/Q (VA/Q less than 0.1). On
      the return to FIO2 of 29%, true shunt was reduced to the initial level. The
      findings may fit in with release of hypoxic vasoconstriction when FIO2 is
      increased to 85%, or the opening up of a certain population of shunt vessels.

PMID- 6428139
TI  - A new approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Symposium, Turku,
      Finland, May 27, 1983.

PMID- 6428138
TI  - Effects of venous air embolism on the cardiovascular system and acid base balance
      in the presence and absence of nitrous oxide.
AB  - Cardiovascular responses and acid-base changes with graded volumes of
      intravenously injected air were measured in dogs anesthesized with pentobarbital
      and either 100% oxygen or 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide. Mean arterial blood
      pressure decreased significantly with 2.5 ml of air/kg in the oxygen group and at
      all volumes in the nitrous oxide group. The volume of air embolus appeared to
      increase more than twice in the presence of 50% nitrous oxide. Pulmonary artery
      wedge pressure increased significantly in both groups, while end-tidal carbon
      dioxide decreased significantly in both groups. The changes in pulmonary artery
      wedge pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide were simultaneous, suggesting that
      the less invasive monitoring technique may be utilized in diagnosing significant
      air embolism. Right atrial pressure increased while left atrial pressure
      decreased significantly in both groups. With injected volumes of 2.0 and 2.5 ml
      or air/kg, right atrial pressure exceeded left atrial pressure creating the
      potential of paradoxical air embolism. The pH and PaO2 decreased while PaCO2
      increased significantly during air embolization.

PMID- 6428140
TI  - Deprenyl (selegiline) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Deprenyl combined with levodopa and a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor is of
      therapeutic value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This conclusion is
      substantiated by the improvement of akinesia, on-off phases, fluctuations of
      disability and rigidity. Levodopa doses can be reduced. The onset of adverse
      reactions is later and side-effects are even milder when compared to those with
      combined levodopa treatment. The most significant effect of deprenyl, however, is
      its ability to prolong the life expectancy of parkinsonian patients.

PMID- 6428141
TI  - Deprenyl (selegiline) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The effects of deprenyl were investigated in 45 parkinsonian patients suffering
      from fluctuations in disability under long-term levodopa treatment. During a 1 to
      3 month period of treatment, 5-10 mg of deprenyl caused a significant reduction
      in response fluctuations in 26 out of 45 patients (58%). This improvement was
      only moderate (58%) or minimal (42%). Of 11 parkinsonian patients taking deprenyl
      with levodopa and benserazide for up to 4 years, 6 patients (55%) showed moderate
      and 5 patients (45%) minimal improvement initially. The improvement in response
      fluctuations was maintained during the follow-up period, although there was a
      clear decline in the degree of improvement. The addition of deprenyl to levodopa
      treatment also caused a further improvement in parkinsonian disability, which,
      however, decreased during the treatment period. Deprenyl appears to be a useful
      adjuvant to levodopa in patients with daily fluctuations in disability.

PMID- 6428142
TI  - Clinical and pharmacological problems of deprenyl (selegiline) treatment in
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The clinical pharmacology concerned in the evolution of deprenyl as an adjuvant
      in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is briefly reviewed, with an assessment
      of its therapeutic potential. Experiments to clarify its mode of action are
      described, indicating that its clinical effects do not depend upon its
      amphetamine metabolites.

PMID- 6428143
TI  - Clinical evaluation of deprenyl (selegiline) in the treatment of Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - The experiences of a seven-year study on deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson's
      disease are summarized. It was found that the main advantage of deprenyl was that
      it permitted the reduction of the dose of levodopa in optimally treated patients.
      In the initial stage of Parkinson's disease deprenyl is only partially sufficient
      as monotherapy. Deprenyl can administered successfully for correcting the
      "wearing off" effect.

PMID- 6428144
TI  - Deprenyl (selegiline) in combination treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Long-term treatment of parkinsonian patients with levodopa (plus decarboxylase
      inhibitor) leads to decreasing levodopa efficacy and increasing side-effects.
      Then main therapeutic problems are on-off phenomena, end-of-dose akinesia and
      levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Deprenyl, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, has produced
      good therapeutic effects in combination either with levodopa alone or with
      levodopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of end-of-dose akinesia
      and on-off phenomena. In an open trial with 48 parkinsonian patients deprenyl was
      added to previous levodopa plus decarboxylase-inhibitor therapy. Good effects
      were achieved in respect of mild on-off phenomena and end-of-dose akinesia, minor
      success in the alleviation of dyskinesia and depression. In four further patients
      with a post-traumatic parkinsonian syndrome, no improvement of rigidospasticity
      and vigilance was demonstrable.

PMID- 6428145
TI  - Deprenyl (selegiline) combined with levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor in the
      treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The purpose of this double-blind placebo controlled study was to estimate how
      much the levodopa dosage can be reduced, when deprenyl is used, without worsening
      the disease and to see whether deprenyl can reduce the "off-periods". The trial
      included 40 patients of both sexes with at least 3 years history of Parkinson's
      disease who were undergoing stabilized levodopa therapy. The deprenyl dosage was
      5 mg daily in the first 4 weeks. The levodopa dosage was reduced until there was
      demonstrable impairment. The trial demonstrates that with deprenyl the levodopa
      dosage can be reduced considerably without prejudicing the therapeutic outcome.
      Some patients showed improvement, and the "off-periods" were reduced in many
      cases.

PMID- 6428146
TI  - The effect of deprenyl (selegiline) on cognition and emotion in parkinsonian
      patients undergoing long-term levodopa treatment.
AB  - The effects of deprenyl on memory, other cognitive functions, vigilance and
      emotional processes were investigated in seven parkinsonian patients undergoing
      long-term levodopa treatment. The patients were selected on the basis of their
      cognitive impairment, observed during a follow-up study of 8-10 years. Four of
      the patients had progressive dementia and three did not. After deprenyl treatment
      lasting 4 weeks, there were two patterns of responses. Patients with slow
      progressive dementia failed to respond to treatment, whereas patients without
      progressive impairment tended to show improvement in memory and motor speed; the
      former group also showed more emotional changes than the latter. Typical
      responses in all patients treated with deprenyl were: increased arousal,
      paradoxical spells of tiredness, deterioration in vigilance and in set shifting,
      but improvement of parkinsonian disability. These preliminary findings indicate
      that there is a dissociation between pure motor responses and cognitive as well
      as other behavioural responses to deprenyl. It is probable that although enhanced
      availability of dopamine by MAO-B inhibition partly explains the present
      neuropsychological findings, also other brain mechanisms are involved.

PMID- 6428147
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and their pharmacological significance.
AB  - The role of deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, in the treatment
      of Parkinson's disease has been evaluated with special reference to the multiple
      pharmacological actions of the monoamine oxidase-inhibitory group of drugs.

PMID- 6428148
TI  - Deprenyl (selegiline): the history of its development and pharmacological action.
AB  - Deprenyl inhibits MAO-B selectively in different animal species and in man. Its
      safety margin is remarkable. We were able to block MAO-B activity in the brain
      selectively in vivo in four species (mouse, rat, cat, dog) with s.c.
      administration of 0.17-0.31% of LD50. The usual oral dose range in clinical
      practice, 5-20 mg daily (0.05-0.2 mg/kg), is about ten times lower than the
      orally active dose in the rat. Deprenyl proved to be safe drug in man. Neither
      hypertensive reactions nor the need for any special dietary care were ever
      encountered during long-term (2-8 years) daily administration of the drug. The
      most important effect of deprenyl in the brain is the sensitization of
      dopaminergic neurons to physiological and pharmacological influences, but in
      contrast to levodopa or bromocrytine, deprenyl does not elicit an acute increase
      in dopaminergic activity. The effect of deprenyl is due, on the one hand, to the
      inhibition of MAO-B and, on the other hand, to inhibition of the uptake of
      dopamine. In agreement with its peculiar spectrum of pharmacological activity,
      deprenyl proved to be a useful adjuvant to levodopa alone or in combination with
      a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. In addition, a supplement of deprenyl in
      Parkinson's disease led to significant prolongation of the duration of the
      illness. This has not been observed so far with other antiparkinsonian drugs. The
      dopamine content of the human caudate nucleus decreases by 13% per decade over
      the age of 45. The hypothesis has been put forward that the significant increase
      of incidence of depression in the elderly, the age-dependent decline in male
      sexual vigour and the frequent appearance of parkinsonian symptoms in the later
      decades of life might be attributed to a decrease of dopamine and 'trace amines'
      in the brain. The possibility of countering these biochemical lesions of ageing
      by long-term administration of deprenyl, a selective inhibitor of MAO-B which
      facilitates dopaminergic and 'trace-aminergic' activity in the brain, and is a
      safe drug in man, is considered in detail.

PMID- 6428149
TI  - The effect of deprenyl (selegiline) on intra- and extraneuronal dopamine
      oxidation.
AB  - It was found that in the rat striatum DA was oxidized extrasynaptosomally to 11%
      by MAO-A and to 3% by MAO-B. The corresponding intrasynaptosomal oxidations were
      84% and 2%, respectively. Those figures were virtually unchanged even if the rat
      brain MAO-B was selectively inhibited to 87% by deprenyl. In the human brain
      extrasynaptosomal oxidation was 16% and 66%, respectively, by MAO-A and -B.
      Intrasynaptosomally the corresponding figures were 12% and 6%, respectively.
      Selective inhibition of human caudate MAO-B was calculated to give a total
      reduction of DA oxidation of 63%. The differences between man and rat are due to
      the proportionately greater oxidation of DA by MAO-B in man, which is a
      consequence of a higher ratio of concentration of MAO-A/-B in the rat.

PMID- 6428150
TI  - Dose regimen of deprenyl (selegiline) and platelet MAO activities.
AB  - The effect of various doses of deprenyl on thrombocyte MAO activity in
      parkinsonian patients has been studied. It is suggested that individual
      differences in the degree of inhibition are due to differences in the metabolic
      rate of deprenyl. The recovery of thrombocyte MAO activity was linear at a rate
      of approximately 10% per day. The linearity of the recovery suggests that the
      disappearance of the population of thrombocytes is selected with respect to age.

PMID- 6428151
TI  - Human growth hormone and dopaminergic drugs, with special reference to deprenyl
      (selegiline): a summary of studies on volunteers.
AB  - The tubero-infundibular dopaminergic tract of the hypothalamus has a stimulatory
      effect on growth hormone (GH) secretion. In healthy volunteers levodopa, through
      the released dopamine and direct dopamine receptor agonists, therefore induces
      transient GH secretion. The indirect effect of levodopa at the presynaptic level
      can be modulated by inhibitory GABAergic drugs and by the potentiating deprenyl,
      for example. The GH response to direct postsynaptic dopamine receptor agonists
      like apomorphine is unaffected by these modulators. Below the dopamine level, the
      inhibitory effect of somatostatin and the negative feedback of the GH itself come
      into play. These regulatory mechanisms place limitations on dopamine-GH studies
      in man.

PMID- 6428152
TI  - Treatment of Parkinson's disease in early and late phases. Use of pharmacological
      agents with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline).
AB  - There are at present numerous pharmacological agents available for the control of
      parkinson symptoms. None are ideal; all have their limitations. The most potent
      is levodopa administered with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. However,
      because its effectiveness declines after long-term use and side effects increase
      in severity, it should be reserved for individuals with established symptoms
      which are functionally impairing. In patients with minimal symptoms,
      anticholinergic agents, or agents which facilitate dopaminergic mechanisms
      normally operative in the nervous system, should be used. In a limited trial,
      deprenyl has produced promising results during this phase of parkinsonism.
      Deprenyl's major usefulness however, has been demonstrated in patients under
      treatment with levodopa which has become complicated by fluctuating responses-
      particularly those of the end-start-dose variety. In such patients, it is
      possible to achieve an increase in "on" time and a decrease in the severity of
      parkinsonism. In most patients, such a response can maintained for a period of
      two years or longer.

PMID- 6428153
TI  - Alzheimer paired helical filaments: immunochemical identification of
      polypeptides.
AB  - Antisera to isolated Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (ANT) of paired helical
      filaments ( PHF ) were raised in rabbits. These anti- PHF sera immunolabeled both
      ANT in sections of Alzheimer hippocampus and ANT which were isolated and
      extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The immunostaining of ANT in tissue
      sections was removed by absorption of the anti- PHF serum with small amounts of
      PHF and also with 40-fold the amount of a fraction prepared identically from
      normal brain; neurofilament and brain microtubule preparations used at the same
      concentration as the normal brain control fraction did not eliminate the tangle
      staining. Furthermore, the tangle staining was also not removed with glial
      filaments or actin and myosin filaments. No labeling of the neurofilaments of
      axons and cerebellar basket fibers by anti- PHF sera was observed in tissue
      sections from non-neurologic brain. On paper blots of SDS-polyacrylamide gels
      anti- PHF serum reacted with neither polypeptides of the normal brain control
      fraction nor major microtubule and neurofilament polypeptides. However, the
      immunoblots of PHF preparations with the anti- PHF serum revealed staining of
      several polypeptide bands in the 45,000-70,000 molecular weight (MW) region,
      material on top of the gel and diffuse staining of the high MW region. The
      tangles staining in tissue sections by the anti- PHF serum was abolished by its
      absorption with PHF polypeptides extracted from high and low molecular weight
      areas of SDS polyacrylamide gels but not with identically prepared neurofilament
      polypeptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428154
TI  - GFAP, F VIII/RAg, laminin, and fibronectin in gliosarcomas: an
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - GFAP, Factor VIII/RAg, laminin, and fibronectin were immunohistochemically
      investigated in 15 glioblastomas and 15 gliosarcomas . GFAP was found variably
      positive in the glial areas. F VIII/RAg characterizes the endothelial cells and
      in gliosarcomas suggests the origin of the sarcomatous component from the
      endothelial proliferations. Laminin separates the two components and
      characterizes the inner and the outer basement membranes in the vessels. It is
      multiplied and thickened in endothelial proliferations, while it is often
      fragmented in the larger vessel wall proliferations. Our observations confirm
      that gliosarcoma represents the last stage of a process which starts with the
      endothelial hyperplasia of glioblastoma.

PMID- 6428155
TI  - Pathology of spinal cord lesions caused by ossification of the posterior
      longitudinal ligament.
AB  - The pathologic changes in the spinal cord of three autopsied cases associated
      with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ( OPLL ) are reported.
      Compression of the spinal cord was marked at the level of the intervertebral
      disc, and the spinal cord was strikingly flattened antero-posteriorly. Intensive
      damage was seen in the gray matter as compared to the white matter. The white
      matter showed demyelination and axon loss with status spongiosus, which was more
      marked in the postero-lateral than in the anterior columns. The most seriously
      damaged parts of the spinal cord showed tissue necrosis and cavity formation
      which extended from the central parts of the gray matter to the ventral parts of
      the posterior columns. Adventitial fibrous thickening of the vein, hyaline
      degeneration of the walls of the arterioles, and compression of the anterior
      spinal vein were observed in the damaged regions. It was evident that secondary
      circulatory disturbance due to the compression produced by the ossification was
      of significance in the pathogenesis of the spinal cord damage. A tangle of
      peripheral nerves, ectopic and reactive, with Schwann cell proliferation was
      present in the posterior median fissure and the postero-lateral columns in one
      case. The spinal nerve roots that showed marked demyelination and axon loss were
      damaged by ossification at the places where the anterior nerve roots emerged from
      the spinal cord and where the roots penetrate the dura. There was ossification of
      the dura mater in all cases examined.

PMID- 6428156
TI  - The structure of pseudomeissnerian corpuscles. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein was carried out on one case of von
      Recklinghausen's neurofibroma and one of giant congenital nevus. Uniformly
      positive staining was obtained in all cells of the numerous pseudomeissnerian
      corpuscles in both cases. These structures thus appear, like the true Wagner
      Meissner tactile nerve endings, to consist entirely of Schwann cells and not to
      contain any demonstrable perineurial component.

PMID- 6428157
TI  - Clinical experience with a triphasic oral contraceptive.
AB  - A triphasic combined oral contraceptive containing fluctuating amounts of
      ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel was tested clinically in a multicenter trial
      at six hospitals in Norway. 367 women were included in the study, 3 588 cycles
      were studied, and the follow up period was 12 months. The one year continuation
      rate was 67%. Five pregnancies occurred during the study period. All of them had
      to be considered as patient failures. The causes for stopping medication were
      side effects in about 50% and the rest for personal reasons. The cycle control
      taking into account duration of bleeding, amount of flow, and intermenstrual
      bleeding was good and comparable to the low-dose monophasic combined pills. The
      incidence of side effects was low. One woman had an increase in systolic blood
      pressure to more than 140 mmHg. Thrombophlebitis was not registered. In
      conclusion the triphasic oral contraceptive was effective and had a good cycle
      control and low incidence of side effects.

PMID- 6428158
TI  - Treatment of pruritus vulvae by means of CO2 laser.
AB  - Five women with intractable pruritus vulvae, in whom standard therapy had failed
      to cure the condition, were treated by CO2 laser beam application. Results at one
      year were good in one patient and excellent in four.

PMID- 6428159
TI  - Endocytosis of human thyroglobulin (TG) in adenomatous goiter studied by an
      immuno-electron microscopic procedure.
AB  - Five cases of adenomatous goiter have been studied by an electron microscope
      using an immuno-reaction for thyroglobulin (TG) and focusing on the mechanism of
      endocytosis. Positive stain for TG was demonstrated in follicular lumina, large
      reabsorbed colloid droplets and small subapical vesicles. Endocytotic vesicles
      ranging from 320 nm to 1600 nm in diameter were observed in the cytoplasm as pits
      in the apical plasma membrane. Some of them showed direct connection with the
      positive stain for TG in the follicular lumen and the others were completely
      ingested in the cytoplasm. With statistic analysis, a majority of the vesicles
      showing the positive stain for TG in the cytoplasm distributed in the range of
      200 nm to 1200 nm in diameter with the peak in 300 nm to 399 nm and was situated
      within an extent of the diameter measured from the endocytotic vesicles.
      Engulfment of colloid by pseudopods and fusion of the reabsorbed colloid droplets
      were encountered as extremely rare findings and appeared to play no major role
      for formation of large colloid droplets in adenomatous goiter.

PMID- 6428160
TI  - Effect of temperature on the survival of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - The effect of different temperatures and variations in temperature on the
      survival of Neisseria meningitidis in modified Stuart transport medium and in
      human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been investigated. The meningococcal strains
      examined died quickly during storage at 37 degrees C, while storage at 4 degrees
      C and 22 degrees C caused only a moderate decrease in their viability. Short
      periods of temperature variations during storage at 22 degrees C in transport
      medium were found to be harmful only when the specimens were kept at -20 degrees
      C for these short periods. According to our results, 37 degrees C storage
      temperature cannot be recommended for specimens such as those examined. As 4
      degrees C may be harmful to H. influenzae one cannot generally recommend keeping
      specimens from meningitis patients in refrigerator until analyzed. Room
      temperature therefore seems preferable. Specimens inoculated onto growth
      supporting media should of course contrarily be incubated at 35-37 degrees C.

PMID- 6428161
TI  - Random locomotion in dark-field microscopy of single granulocytes from venous
      blood, tissue and exudate. Methodological considerations and clinical
      applications.
AB  - The random locomotion of granulocytes was studied in dark-field microscopy, and a
      standardized procedure for the classification of granulocytes into rapid-moving,
      (RM), slow-moving (SM) and non-moving (NM) cells was developed. When granulocytes
      from blood donors were tested, 54% were RM, 21% SM and 25% NM with variation
      between repeated tests, acceptable for a semiquantitative method. When the test
      was applied in 124 patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases and
      hematological malignancies, a significantly higher number of NM blood cells was
      found in patients with septicemia and pneumonia. The method was found especially
      suitable for samples containing few granulocytes, such as samples from soft
      tissue infections, pulmonary infiltrates and neutropenic blood.

PMID- 6428162
TI  - Interaction of human serum transferrin with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, demonstrated
      by agglutination and precipitation.
AB  - Human sera show non-immune precipitation with ultrasonically disrupted bacteria
      of the N. gonorrhoeae strain 8551. A human serum was resolved by DEAE cellulose
      chromatography and immune absorption to isolate the serum component involved in
      the precipitation. Testing of the final product against antisera to various serum
      proteins and analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed only serum transferrin. This
      preparation and transferrin obtained commercially produced precipitation in agar
      gel against the gonococcal extract. The bacterium was agglutinated by transferrin
      in solution or when carried by latex particles, and particles sensitized with the
      bacterial extract were agglutinated by transferrin. Four out of 26 gonococcal
      strains examined showed reactivity with transferrin in the precipitation and
      agglutination tests.

PMID- 6428163
TI  - [Kinetic studies on prostaglandin concentrations in the amniotic fluid during
      rivanol-induced abortion].

PMID- 6428164
TI  - [Pharmacologic actions of lappaconitine hydrobromide].

PMID- 6428165
TI  - Ossification and calcification of the laryngeal skeleton.
AB  - Low voltage radiography of the neck was performed in 64 patients (48 males, 16
      females) aged over 34 years. The degree and frequency of ossification of the
      thyroid and cricoid cartilage were lower in the females than in the males,
      especially in the anterior parts of the cartilages. The arytenoids were ossified
      or calcified in all females and in 94 per cent of the males. Dense homogeneous
      appearance of the arytenoids was present in 74 per cent of the females and 19 per
      cent of the males, probably due to a marked calcification of the cartilages.

PMID- 6428166
TI  - Restriction enzyme analysis of the apolipoprotein A-I gene in fish eye disease
      and Tangier disease.
AB  - Restriction enzyme analysis of the apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) gene was
      performed in two patients with fish eye disease and one with Tangier disease.
      Despite the marked deficiency of high density lipoprotein and concomitantly of
      apo A-I in these two conditions, no evidence was found for major deletions or
      insertions in the apo A-I gene.

PMID- 6428167
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism after neck irradiation for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 38-year old man developed hypercalcaemia 13 years after treatment with mantle
      field radiation for Hodgkin's disease. A parathyroid tumour was removed
      surgically. The histological diagnosis was parathyroid adenoma with marked
      central fibrosis. Hyperparathyroidism as a possible late complication of
      radiation therapy of malignant diseases has, to our knowledge, not been described
      before. Key words: Hodgkin's disease, hyperparathyroidism, irradiation,
      parathyroid adenoma.

PMID- 6428168
TI  - The lupus inhibitor in thromboembolic disease and intrauterine death in the
      absence of systemic lupus.
AB  - This study describes the use of a modified dilute thromboplastin assay for
      demonstration of the lupus coagulation inhibitor in plasma. A one-stage clotting
      inhibition assay is used in which the ability of the test plasma to prolong the
      clotting time of normal plasma is measured. The method is easy to perform and
      suitable for routine use. Clinical and laboratory data from five patients with
      the inhibitor but without systemic lupus erythematosus are presented.
      Thromboembolic manifestations were observed in three patients and obstetric
      complications possibly due to placenta thrombosis in two. One patient showed a
      bleeding tendency, associated with prothrombin deficiency. A number of
      pathological coagulation analyses and other laboratory data may be due to
      affinity of the lupus inhibitor for negatively charged phospholipids in vitro.

PMID- 6428169
TI  - The effect of long-term intervention with alprenolol on mortality in definite or
      suspected myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6428170
TI  - Verapamil or propranolol in the treatment of stable angina pectoris of effort.
AB  - In a double blind cross-over study the effect of verapamil (Isoptin) 360 mg/d and
      propranolol 180 mg/d was evaluated in patients with stable angina of effort. The
      results of verapamil and propranolol treatment were compared to a single blind
      placebo period of 2 weeks. Both verapamil and propranolol caused a significant
      reduction in nitroglycerin consumption, days with angina pectoris and in severe
      angina attacks as compared to placebo. A 50% reduction in angina pectoris attacks
      and/or nitroglycerin consumption compared to placebo was demonstrated in thirteen
      of eighteen patients during verapamil treatment (P less than 0.01) and in seven
      of seventeen patients during propranolol treatment (P greater than 0.05). Of
      sixteen patients completing both treatment periods, ten were improved both on
      verapamil and propranolol, three on verapamil only, one on propranolol only, one
      was unchanged and one deteriorated on verapamil and propranolol. During exercise,
      maximum exercise capacity was increased during verapamil as compared to placebo
      (P less than 0.01) and propranolol (P less than 0.02). Maximum exercise capacity
      was not increased after propranolol as compared to placebo. These findings, that
      verapamil is at least as effective as propranolol in the treatment of angina of
      effort, are in accordance with other reported series.

PMID- 6428171
TI  - Combined therapy with Ca-antagonists and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents
      in chronic stable angina.
AB  - There have been conflicting reports on the safety of combining beta-adrenergic
      receptor blockers and Ca++-antagonists, especially verapamil, in the treatment of
      cardiovascular diseases. Warnings have been raised against additive negative
      chronotropic and inotropic effects. This study was designed to compare the
      efficacy and safety of simultaneous administration of verapamil, 360 mg daily,
      and atenolol, 100 mg daily, with that of either drug alone. Eighteen patients
      (mean age 58 years) with chronic stable angina were included in the study. After
      a two-week run-in period, the patients received either drug alone for six weeks
      and were then given the combination for another six weeks. Frequent ECG and blood
      pressure measurements were performed. Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular
      ejection fraction was done before and at the end of the combined therapy.
      Exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer was performed during each treatment
      period. Only one patient developed sinus bradycardia when on combined therapy (48
      bpm). The P-Q time increased with single drug therapy as well as with the
      combination (p less than 0.01). Maximal exercise time increased more with the
      combination than with single drug therapy. No serious adverse hemodynamic effects
      were recorded. LVEF increased by 4.6% (p less than 0.01) with the combined
      therapy. A decrease in nitroglycerine consumption occurred, beeing most
      pronounced with the combined therapy and corresponding to a subjective
      improvement. It is concluded that an additive negative chronotropism occurred but
      that the combination is safe and offers an effective therapeutic alternative in
      chronic stable angina.

PMID- 6428172
TI  - Epilepsy. 1. Diagnosis.

PMID- 6428173
TI  - Epilepsy. 2. Surgical treatment.

PMID- 6428174
TI  - Prediction of lithium response in young adult psychotic patients.
AB  - Through an assessment of affectivity by means of the Crabtree - Horsham Affective
      Trait Scale, the author was able to predict, with 83-90% accuracy, who would and
      who would not be judged to be lithium responsive in a sample of hospitalized
      young adult psychotic patients who received a trial of lithium carbonate. The
      scale combines an assessment of the psychosis, premorbid personality, family
      pedigree, family interactional character and the presence or absence of a history
      of minimal brain dysfunction and drug-induced hypomania. Treatment outcome was
      found to be significantly better in the group of high affect psychotic patients
      who received a trial of lithium, when compared with the comparison group of high
      affect psychotic patients who did not.

PMID- 6428175
TI  - Dominant susceptibility to cancer in man.

PMID- 6428176
TI  - Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and benign monoclonal
      gammopathy: characteristics of the B cell clone, immunoregulatory cell
      populations and clinical implications.

PMID- 6428177
TI  - Molecular aspects of immunoglobulin expression by human B cell leukemias and
      lymphomas.

PMID- 6428178
TI  - Coupled transport of O2 and CO2 within the upper skin simulated by the capillary
      loop model.

PMID- 6428179
TI  - Facilitated diffusion and electrical potentials in protein solutions with ionic
      species.

PMID- 6428180
TI  - On the seemingly diminished CO2-Bohr effect in hypoxic chemodenervated rabbits.
AB  - In hypoxic rabbits, different levels of Pco2 before and after carotid
      chemodenervation were applied in order to get information about the acid-base
      status and the position of the O2-Hb dissociation curve (ODC). A CO2-induced
      change in pH caused a smaller change in the half-saturation pressure (P50) than
      was to be expected from the CO2-Bohr effect alone. Considering both, the
      numerically different CO2- and fixed acid-Bohr factors as well as the
      corresponding respiratory or metabolic pH changes, a method is presented to
      calculate the position of the ODC with high accuracy. From these considerations
      it can be derived that the seemingly diminished CO2-Bohr effect in hypoxic
      rabbits in vivo, especially after chemodenervation , is due more or less to
      accumulation of lactid acid. This leads to an increasing error if only the CO2
      Bohr factor and the actual pH change are taken into account.

PMID- 6428181
TI  - Cessation of capillary blood flow induced by localized application of carbon
      dioxide.
AB  - A small test area of the pulmonary capillary bed of frog's lung was exposed to
      carbon dioxide. The capillary bed was observed by means of a dark field episcopal
      microscope and recorded on video tapes via a TV-camera. Swollen capillaries
      forming a hexagonal network surrounded concave alveolar cells. The flow velocity
      of red blood cells through capillaries was reduced to 17.5% of the flow velocity
      during the control condition by the application of the moistened gas mixture
      containing 30% CO2. The blood flow in capillaries ceased when wet 100% CO2 was
      applied to the test area. Red blood cells were packed in capillaries. They
      disaggregated by the introduction of air in five seconds and were quickly flowing
      in an elongated leaflet shape in 30 seconds after the introduction of air.

PMID- 6428182
TI  - Oxygen profiles and structure of Penicillium chrysogenum pellets.
AB  - Oxygen profiles were measured polarographically with micro-needle electrodes in
      single fixed pellets of Penicillium chrysogenum. The oxygen concentration, the
      grade of turbulence and the flow conditions of the outer medium were varied.
      Pellets were then histologically investigated. Under our experimental conditions
      the pellets were found to contain a 200 micrometers thick active outer zone with
      intact cells. In this zone, the oxygen partial pressure decreased from the
      initial values to zero. The results show that the Po2 profile within the pellet
      is strongly influenced by the Po2 of the outer medium. Apart from molecular
      diffusion, surface turbulence as well as a convective flow through the pellets
      are of importance for the oxygen transport.

PMID- 6428183
TI  - Correlation between tissue PO2 and intracapillary Hb spectra.

PMID- 6428184
TI  - Production of gamma (immune) interferon by a permanent human T-lymphocyte cell
      line.
AB  - Gamma (immune, type II) interferon is an antiviral and immuno-regulatory
      glycoprotein usually obtained from mitogen- or antigen-induced peripheral blood
      or splenic mononuclear cells. A human "helper-inducer" T-lymphocyte cell line
      (Mo) is an inducible source of gamma interferon. Mo gamma interferon has been
      biochemically characterized and partially purified, and resembles the gamma
      interferon species derived from normal cell sources.

PMID- 6428185
TI  - Uses of tissue culture and cryopreservation in pancreatic islet transplantation.

PMID- 6428186
TI  - Geriatric day hospitals--changing emphasis in costs.
AB  - One of the factors which may have influenced day hospital expansion is that day
      hospital treatment was earlier found to be cheaper than in-patient treatment, as
      some of the 'hotel' costs were avoided. The increasing price of ambulance
      transport has reduced this advantage. Further reduction occurs if the expenses of
      keeping a patient at home (community services, share of housing, etc.) are set
      against in-patient costs. Using such detailed comparisons, treatment up to twice
      weekly at a Day Hospital provides good value for money, but more frequent
      treatments can prove costlier than in-patient or residential care. Realistic
      attempts are now being made to cost a complete course of treatment, for example
      three months' visits to a day hospital. Depending on whether this is regarded as
      equivalent to 15 or 10 weeks as an in-patient, the relative cost of day hospital
      treatment is 32-90% of in-patient costs. 'Throughput' is as vital to day
      hospitals as to wards, and the average number of visits for day hospital
      treatment has decreased over the years from 40-20, and the recommended size from
      50 to 30 places. Critics of comparisons between in-patient and day patient
      treatment emphasize that we are not comparing like with like. Day hospital
      treatment relates more closely to independence and accords with the preferred
      wishes of most patients and families. Costing involves not only money but
      staffing and here the day hospital continues to show advantage.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428187
TI  - Positive 14CO2 bile acid breath test in elderly people.
AB  - The 14CO2- glycylcholate breath test (also called the bile acid breath test) was
      performed in a group of 42 normal young volunteers (group A), a group of 25
      elderly subjects in apparently good health (group B) and a group of 22
      hospitalized geriatric patients presenting with weight loss (group C). The 95
      percentile value of the cumulative 14CO2 excretion at the third and the sixth
      hour in group A was taken as the limit for normal values for 14CO2 excretion.
      Using these criteria 56% of group B subjects and 50% of group C patients were
      considered abnormal at the third hour, whereas at the sixth hour these
      percentages were 56% and 54%, respectively. Repetition of the bile acid breath
      test after antibiotic treatment in the hospitalized group suggested that
      bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine was responsible for the abnormal
      14CO2 breath test in the elderly persons. However, the large number of abnormal
      tests in healthy elderly people, not complaining of any gastro-intestinal
      discomfort, indicates that bacterial overgrowth may remain asymptomatic and that
      an abnormal test does not necessarily mean that the symptoms of a patient are to
      be ascribed to this finding.

PMID- 6428188
TI  - Histamine content, diamine oxidase activity and histamine methyltransferase
      activity in human tissues: fact or fictions?
AB  - To understand the role of histamine in the aetiology and pathogenesis of human
      diseases reliable data are urgently needed for the histamine content and for the
      activities of histamine-forming and -inactivating enzymes in human tissues. In
      order to make a substantial progress toward this aim a tissue-sampling programme
      during surgical interventions was carefully conceived and conducted. From March
      1982 until January 1983 106 tissue specimens were taken from 56 patients who
      underwent surgery. Only healthy tissues, not injured or oedematous, and without
      adherent structures were taken by only one surgeon who was interested in this
      research and experienced in tissue preparation procedures in biochemistry. The
      times of 'warm' ischaemia during the operative procedures were visually
      estimated, the times between resection of the organs or specimens and deep
      freezing of the tissues were precisely recorded. Compared to previous work in the
      literature and especially to our own work using the same assays for determination
      higher histamine contents were found in this study in most of the tissues, in
      particular in the gastrointestinal tract. Also the diamine oxidase activities
      were considerably higher in many organs, e.g. 3-4 times higher in the
      gastrointestinal tract when compared with those in publications of our group who
      used always the same analytical test. However, the histamine methyltransferase
      activities in this study were not at variance to those determined in previous
      investigations. Many of them were reported in this communication for the first
      time. Since the methods for histamine determination and those for measuring
      enzymic activities were not different in this study and in previous
      communications of our group we are convinced that the optimized tissue-sampling
      and -preparation techniques were responsible for the higher values in this
      communication. But the problem of the 'warm' ischaemia period could not be solved
      by sample-taking procedures of this type during operations. There are good
      reasons to prefer biopsy specimens for the analysis of histamine storage and
      metabolism in human tissues in health and disease, but - unfortunately - they are
      not always available.

PMID- 6428189
TI  - Distribution and localization of histamine in bovine and rabbit eye.
AB  - Histamine (HI) is present in various structures of the bovine and rabbit eye
      (retina, choroid, sclera) and in the optic nerve of both species. The amine
      levels in particular structures of either cow or rabbit are highly
      differentiated, as well as profile of HI distribution which differs markedly
      between both species, except only the retina structure (HI levels were between 70
      80 ng per g tissue). In the bovine retina HI is stored in non mast cell
      compartment, while in the optic nerve at least 50% of the amine is of mast cell
      origin. Approximately 90% of the retinal HI was recovered in the P1 subcellular
      fraction. HI in the bovine retina is metabolized by methylation. The data are
      discussed in terms of a possible physiological role of HI in the retina.

PMID- 6428190
TI  - N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine: a toxic and mutagenic inhibitor of the intestinal
      diamine oxidase.
AB  - N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine is the first active intermediate of the poison
      gyromitrin of the mushroom: false morel. This compound is a non-competitive
      inhibitor of human intestinal diamine oxidase (ID50 = 1.6 X 10(-5) mol/l). This
      concentration corresponds to less than 5 g of wet weight of mushroom/l. The
      diamine oxidases from 5 other sources are inhibited in a similar manner.
      Semicarbazide and aminoguanidine are 10-respectively 1000-fold more potent
      inhibitors of the human intestinal diamine oxidase. An involvement of the diamine
      oxidase inhibitory property of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine in toxic and mutagenic
      effects of the substance is considered.

PMID- 6428191
TI  - [Effects of long-term administration of Tegafur on patients with relapsing
      advanced carcinoma (stage D) of the prostate].
AB  - Daily 600 mg of Tegafur, in addition to antiandrogen therapy, was administered to
      20 patients with relapsing prostatic carcinoma at stage D. Thirteen of the
      patients died and 7 patients are still alive. These patients were evaluated
      according to the objective response criteria of NPCP . Three patients showed
      partial regression, 9 patients showed stable prognosis and 8 patients showed
      progression. The patients who died had a mean survival duration of 77 weeks,
      which is longer than in other reports on the treatment of relapsing prostatic
      carcinoma. No severe toxicity was observed in any of the patients. These findings
      suggest that Tegafur is effective for the treatment of relapsing prostatic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6428192
TI  - [A case of carcinoma of the bladder diverticulum].
AB  - Carcinoma of the bladder diverticulum is a relatively rare disease. However, its
      preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Also, infiltration occurs easily
      because the diverticulum wall is thin, and prognosis is said to be relatively
      poor. Histologically, the occurrence rate of squamous cell carcinoma is markedly
      high. We have experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder
      diverticulum occurring simultaneously with transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder; and, report this case along with a review of the literature. The
      patient, a 79-year-old male, had sudden macroscopic hematuria on December 15,
      1980, and went to the urology department of a separate hospital. IVU showed
      distortion of the right ureter, and the patient was referred to our hospital.
      Cystoscopy revealed a diverticulum in the right wall of the bladder. In the
      posterior wall of the bladder 2 papillary sessile tumors were also detected.
      Pathological diagnosis by cold punch biopsy done after the patient was admitted
      to hospital revealed a grade III transitional cell carcinoma. Total cystectomy +
      bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy was performed. The diverticulum was in the right
      wall of the bladder and a papillary sessile tumor with a diameter of 4 cm was
      found in the diverticulum. A papillary sessile tumor 2 cm in diameter was found
      in the left bladder wall. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor in the
      diverticulum was squamous cell carcinoma ( pG2 , pT3b , ly1, v(-) INF beta) and
      that of the tumor in the bladder was transitional cell carcinoma ( ( pG3 , pT2 ,
      ly1, v(-), INF gamma).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428193
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on intravesical instillation therapy for
      bladder cancer].
AB  - Intravesical instillation therapy was performed in 155 cases of urinary bladder
      cancer. In 60% of the patients treated by therapeutic intravesical instillation,
      antitumor effects were observed. The patients who were given only the
      instillation therapy frequently had recurrence of the tumor in the same site
      within one year. Therefore, in such cases prophylactic instillation seems to be
      necessary. The preventive effect of intermittent instillation therapy given over
      a long period was superior to that of concentrated instillation therapy given
      during a short period. The rate of recurring bladder tumors decreased after
      instillation therapy. Eight cases that were cystoscopically nonvisual tumors but
      indicated positive cytology were treated by intravesical instillation therapy. In
      5 of these cases cytology was negative after treatment.

PMID- 6428194
TI  - [Epidemiological and therapeutic studies of gonorrheal infections (I)--clinical
      efficacy of long acting amoxicillin (L-AMPC)].
AB  - During the period from October of 1981 through March of 1982, our research group
      in Sapporo treated 178 patients (158 males and 20 females) for gonorrheal
      infections. We performed epidemiological and therapeutic studies on these
      patients. The youngest of the 158 male patients with acute gonorrheal urethritis
      was 15 years old. The age distribution was 32 patients (20.3%) under 20 years, 46
      patients (29.1%) aged 20 to 24, 34 patients (21.5%) aged 25 to 29, 22 patients
      (13.9%) aged 30 to 34, 10 patients (6.3%) aged 35 to 39, and 14 patients (8.9%)
      aged 40 to 54. The fact that 20% of gonorrheal urethritis occurred in youths
      under 20 years of age, is especially noteworthy. The infection in the teenage
      boys was found to be picked up mostly from girls met at discos , etc., On the
      other hand, the patients in their 20s, were infected more frequently by contact
      with hostesses at massage parlors and bars, these sources making up the majority
      of male patients who were 25 years or older. These findings are quite interesting
      because they reflect the socio-economic status of the patients. In addition, the
      fact that hostesses working at massage parlors are a frequent source of
      gonorrheal urethritis infections can represent a considerable problem in terms of
      public hygiene. The 20 female patients with gonorrheal infections were all found
      to be cases of cervicitis, except for a 1-year-old girl with gonorrheal infection
      of external genitals. The fact that about half of these female patients were
      teenagers, aged 16 to 19 years is worth special note. The duration of the latent
      period was less than 5 days in 83 male patients (58.9%) with urethritis, 6
      approximately 10 days in 39 patients (27.7%), 11 approximately 20 days in 13
      patients (9.2%), 21 approximately 30 days in 4 patients (2.8%), and over 30 days
      in 2 patients (1.4%), It can thus be said that the number of cases showing a long
      incubation period is increasing. The MICs of 154 gonococci strains isolated from
      the urethral or vaginal discharge were determined. Thirteen (8.4%) of these
      clinically isolated strains were found to be beta-lactamase producers. When a
      bacterial inoculation level of 10(6) cells/ml was used in the in vitro MIC
      determination, the MIC was 1.56 micrograms/ml or higher for 12 of these beta
      lactamase-producing strains; the MIC of the 13th strain was 0.78 microgram/ml. At
      the same time, the MICs of these beta-lactamase-producing strains to doxycycline
      were also high; 1.56 micrograms/ml or higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6428195
TI  - [Neurofibrosarcoma of the perineum associated with von Recklinghausen's disease:
      a case report and review of the literature].
AB  - A case of perineal neurofibrosarcoma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease
      is reported. The patient was a 30-year-old man, who complained of a mass between
      the scrotum and anus. The mass was asymptomatic. On Jan. 13, 1981, simple
      excision was performed. Histological examination revealed neurofibrosarcoma.
      After 3 months he had recurrence of the perineal tumor. Combined chemotherapy and
      radiation therapy were performed. But, his condition became worse due to general
      metastasis and he died 12 months after operation. A total of 22 cases of perineal
      neoplasms are reviewed.

PMID- 6428196
TI  - [A case of prostatic cancer associated with von Recklinghausen's disease].
AB  - A case of a 65-year-old man with prostatic cancer associated with von
      Recklinghausen's disease ( VRD ) is reported. The coexistence of neural crest
      malignancies with VRD is well known. Recently, it has been reported that non
      neural crest malignancies appear to occur with increased frequency in patients
      with VRD . The non-neural crest malignancies now known to be associated with VRD
      are Wilms' tumor, non-lymphocytic leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, and others. The
      relationship between VRD and non-neural crest malignancy (including carcinoma) is
      reviewed and briefly discussed.

PMID- 6428197
TI  - [Fundamental studies on intravesical instillation of carboquone for treatment of
      urinary bladder tumors--on the effects of intravesical instillation of carboquone
      in normal beagle dogs].
AB  - The effects of intravesical instillation of Carboquone at the clinically used
      doses of 5 and 10 mg on the normal mucosa of female beagle dogs was compared with
      that of 10 mg Mitomycin C used as the control drug. Intravesical instillation for
      48 hours of 10 mg carboquone/20 ml phosphate buffer solution (PBS) after
      bilateral cutaneous uretrostomies produced severe inflammatory changes in all
      layers of the bladder wall. However, no secondary effects were observed in blood
      laboratory examinations or histological examinations of the whole organ after
      autopsy. Phosphate buffer solution produced no remarkable secondary effects in
      animals. Five milligrams carboquone per 20 ml PBS was instilled intravesically
      once a week for 3 weeks in normal animals. Cystoscopically , the bladder mucosa
      recovered normally. Blood laboratory examinations showed no abnormal results, but
      the bladder epithelium had regenerative epithelial hyperplasia and slightly
      inflammatory changes in the submucosal layers. Two of the three control animals
      given instillation of 10 mg of Mitomycin C/20 ml PBS had slight leucopenia at 7
      days after the last intravesical instillation, but leucocyte count was normal at
      the end of the experiment. Cystoscopic and histological examination of the
      epithelium of the urinary bladder revealed severe inflammatory changes in 2 of
      the 3 animals.

PMID- 6428198
TI  - [A case of giant vesical diverticula causing defecation disturbance].
AB  - Cases of giant vesical diverticula that cause defecation disturbance are very
      rare. A 67-year-old man with such a condition was admitted to our hospital
      complaining of pollakiuria , nycturia , retardation, two-phase urination and
      defecation disturbance which began about 7 years earlier. A goose-egg-sized tumor
      touched above the hen-egg-sized prostate and the tumor disappeared after
      urination. X-ray examinations revealed that defecation disturbance was caused
      when the sigmoid colon was oppressed by the giant diverticulum. After
      diverticulectomy and prostatectomy the vesical symptoms and defecation
      disturbance completely subsided.

PMID- 6428199
TI  - Indomethacin suppresses prolactin release in men.
AB  - Indomethacin administered intrarectally at a dose of 100 mg elicited a
      statistically significant decrease of serum prolactin level in men. Serum LH
      level was depressed slightly but the decrease was not statistically significant.
      There was no effect on serum FSH concentration.

PMID- 6428200
TI  - [Clinical effect of UFT on urogenital tumors].
AB  - Clinical study of UFT which was a mixture of FT and uracil, was conducted on 16
      patients with urogenital malignancies. Seven patients had renal cell carcinoma, 5
      patients had bladder cancer and 4 patients had prostatic cancer. UFT was
      continuously administrated at doses of 300 mg or 600 mg per day. One of the
      patients with renal cell carcinoma and 1 of the patients with bladder cancer
      showed a complete response, and 1 patient with each cancer showed a partial
      response, but none of the 4 patients with prostatic cancer responded. In total,
      complete or partial responses were obtained in 4 of the 16 patients, given an
      effective rate of 25.0%. Concerning side effects, 3 of the 16 patients complained
      of anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and stomatitis, but no hepatic or renal
      disorders, or marrow depression was observed.

PMID- 6428201
TI  - Mammography 1984: challenge to radiology.
AB  - Mammography has made major contributions in the detection and diagnosis of breast
      cancer. It is the only reliable means of detecting nonpalpable cancers and can
      detect many small breast cancers in early stages, when they may be curable. It
      should be applied more widely, especially in screening asymptomatic women aged 40
      or over. Restraints on its optimal application to the control of breast cancer
      are the expense of examination and the lack of properly trained and committed
      radiologists. These are challenges to radiology that must be addressed.

PMID- 6428202
TI  - DRGs and the radiologist as a consultant.

PMID- 6428203
TI  - Analysis of commercial pollen extracts by enzyme determination. II. Determination
      of the contamination of pollen extracts with plant matter.
AB  - The contamination of pollen extracts by plant matter was studied by means of
      enzymes. Beta-glucosidase was detected only in flowers and leaves by using the
      Api-Zym System. 29 pollen extracts were prepared after microscopic control. Among
      these 23 did not contain any plant matter and no beta-glucosidase activity could
      be detected. In contrast, 6 extracts were contaminated with plant matter and in
      every case beta-glucosidase activity was found 34 commercial pollen extracts
      completed the study. beta-glucosidase activity was present in 8 of them. It may
      be postulated that glucosidase activity detected using 2- naphthyl - beta D
      glucopyranoside as a substrate, can be correlated with the presence of plant
      matter from the raw material from which the extract was prepared. This
      contamination may be important to determine since some additional sensitization
      may occur with such extracts during immunotherapy.

PMID- 6428204
TI  - Methods of nutritional support for hospitalized patients.
AB  - Major components of intravenous nutritional solutions include crystalline amino
      acids as the protein source, and monohydrous dextrose and lipid emulsions as the
      energy sources. Intravenous nutrition is indicated in patients without
      gastrointestinal tract function. Patients with a functioning gastrointestinal
      tract may be supported enterally by tube feeding. A number of enteral feeding
      formulas are available, including modular components that may be combined to
      satisfy specific needs.

PMID- 6428205
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic considerations.

PMID- 6428206
TI  - Rationale for rate-controlled drug delivery of cardiovascular drugs by the
      transdermal route.
AB  - If the therapeutic effects of a drug are to be maximized and maintained while the
      side effects are minimized, an optimal concentration of drug in blood plasma must
      be sustained continuously. Conventional dosage forms such as tablets, capsules,
      or elixirs describe a peak-and-valley curve when their dosage intervals are
      charted, demonstrating great fluctuations in the safety and effectiveness of a
      drug during the dosage interval. The need for certain drugs to be delivered at a
      constant, or zero-order, rate has led to the development of rate-controlled drug
      delivery systems, which by definition deliver drug in precise quantities over
      time. One such system uses the transdermal route, which is discussed here in
      terms of convenience, compliance, reliability, and potential as a vehicle for
      cardiovascular agents.

PMID- 6428207
TI  - Pharmaceutical considerations of transdermal nitroglycerin delivery: the various
      approaches.
AB  - When formulated as a sublingual or an oral sustained-release dosage form,
      nitroglycerin has certain shortcomings, i.e., decreased duration of antianginal
      action and extensive hepatic first-pass elimination, which limit its efficacy.
      The finding that administration of nitroglycerin in the form of topical ointment
      decreases the extent of hepatic first-pass elimination and increases the duration
      of therapeutic activity has pointed the way to the possibility of developing a
      more effective transdermal drug delivery device. Three such devices are the
      Nitrodisc , Nitro-Dur, and Transderm -Nitro systems. All three systems generate
      effective plasma drug levels within 30 minutes and maintain steady-state drug
      plasma levels as follows: the 16 cm2 Nitrodisc at 280.6 +/- 18.7 pg/ml for 32
      hours; the 20 cm2 Nitro-Dur at 201.4 +/- 60.7 pg/ml for 24 hours; and the 20 cm2
      Transderm -Nitro system at 209.8 +/- 22.8 pg/ml for 24 hours. In vitro studies
      show that the drug penetrates the skin with zero-order kinetics in all three
      systems, the rate for Nitrodisc being 20% greater than that of the other systems.
      When the daily nitroglycerin dose is calculated in terms of skin permeation rate
      and the device's surface area, the three transdermal systems become clinically
      interchangeable.

PMID- 6428208
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin and clonidine delivered by the transdermal
      route.
AB  - This article describes in vitro and in vivo performance of two transdermal drug
      delivery systems. Transderm -Nitro delivers nitroglycerin for the treatment and
      prevention of angina for 24 hours following a single application. In a three-way
      crossover study comparing Transderm -Nitro with two other transdermal
      nitroglycerin products, mean plasma levels of drug were similar 0.5 and 6 hours
      after application; however, with Transderm -Nitro the area under the plasma
      concentration curve was highest and the coefficient of variation was least. A
      transdermal therapeutic system for delivering clonidine ( Catapres -TTS) is used
      for the treatment of hypertension. In a two-way crossover study comparing
      Catapres -TTS and oral Catapres , plasma levels of clonidine with use of the
      transdermal system reached a steady-state value in 2 to 3 days and remained
      steady for the duration of the wearing period; plasma levels with oral Catapres ,
      however, fluctuated markedly. The ratio of maximum to minimum plasma levels
      during a dosing interval was 2 for oral Catapres and approximately 1 for Catapres
      -TTS. The potential use of intact skin as a route of entry for controlled
      delivery of drugs to the systemic circulation is promising.

PMID- 6428209
TI  - Clinical studies with transdermal nitroglycerin.
AB  - The short- and long-term effects of various Nitro-Dur formulations on performance
      and hemodynamics were studied in 15 men with stable angina pectoris who also had
      a positive treadmill exercise test. A treadmill exercise score (TES) was used
      that quantified the "ischemic" ST segment response to exercise. The score
      incorporated information that reflected the rapidity of evolution of ST segment
      depression during exercise and the time required for it to resolve after
      cessation of exercise. In early tests (n = 10) Nitro-Dur improved both the TES
      (by 31%: p less than 0.0001) and the time required for 1 mm ST segment depression
      (by 33%: p less than 0.0001). At all dosage levels, Nitro-Dur also decreased
      resting systolic blood pressure and increased resting heart rate. No dose
      response patterns emerged. Changes in TES and time to ST segment depression were
      greater with sublingual nitroglycerin than they were with Nitro-Dur. In tests
      conducted after prolonged dosage (n = 5), the effects of Nitro-Dur on blood
      pressure and heart rate became attenuated at weeks 2 and 4, although cardiac
      responsiveness was preserved, as reflected in the increased time required before
      the occurrence of 1 mm ST segment depression. The latter effect was also observed
      with sublingual nitroglycerin. The clinical relevance of these data to the design
      of individual patient therapy is discussed.

PMID- 6428210
TI  - Direct pharmacologic and osmolal effects of contrast media on the mechanics of
      heart muscle isolated from cats.
AB  - We studied 56 right ventricular papillary muscles isolated from cats to determine
      whether the direct mechanical effects of contrast media are due to their
      pharmacologic action or to the hyperosmolality caused by them. A 10% solution of
      Renografin-76 abruptly decreased force 22% below control, then slowly increased
      it to 22% above control. To elucidate these changes we also studied: (1)
      Renografin-60 (lower concentration of diatrizoate); (2) meglumine and
      diatrizoate; (3) meglumine alone; (4) diatrizoate sodium; (5) ethylene diamine
      tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) (same concentration as in Renografin-76); (6) sucrose to
      increase osmolality; and (7) Amipaque (metrizamide), a contrast medium without
      meglumine or diatrizoate. All solutions containing meglumine, and EDTA alone
      decreased force. Diatrizoate sodium also decreased force initially, presumably
      due to the high sodium concentration. Meglumine alone decreased force abruptly
      and substantially. In contrast, metrizamide and 100 mmol sucrose only increased
      force. Thus, the abrupt decrease in force was caused by the pharmacologic action
      of meglumine, EDTA, or high sodium in the contrast media, whereas the slow
      increase in force was caused by hyperosmolality.

PMID- 6428211
TI  - Inhibition of platelet function by injectable isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - The possibility that isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) inhibits platelet function in
      humans has been explored in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of citrated platelet
      rich plasma from healthy subjects with scalar concentrations (1.25, 12.5 and 125
      micrograms/ml) of ISDN for 5 and 10 minutes resulted in a decrease in platelet
      aggregation after ADP, adrenaline, and arachidonic acid at the highest drug
      concentration (mean decrease: 72% [p less than 0.01], 56% [p less than 0.05] and
      62% [p less than 0.05], respectively, with the 10-minute incubation). Also, a
      significant reduction (30%) in generated thromboxane (TX)B2 levels was observed
      after arachidonic acid (p less than 0.01). ISDN was then infused at rate of 4
      mg/hour for 30 minutes in 11 patients with angina and at a rate of 30 mg/hour for
      20 minutes in 8. The smaller dose, which caused minor changes in arterial
      pressure and heart rate, was accompanied by a marked, significant decrease in ADP
      and adrenaline-induced aggregation, with a nadir at 60 minutes from the infusion
      stop (decreases of 40% and 51% respectively). Circulating platelet aggregates
      also decreased, with a minimum (-41%, p less than 0.05) at the end of the
      infusion. The higher infusion rate, causing marked hemodynamic effects, was not
      accompanied by the occurrence of clear antiplatelet effects. Thus, ISDN can
      affect platelet function both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo effect occurs at
      lower concentrations than in vitro but is blunted when a marked hemodynamic
      response occurs.

PMID- 6428212
TI  - Effects of inotropic and chronotropic stimuli on acute myocardial ischemic
      injury. III. Influence of basal heart rate.
AB  - The influence of basal heart rate (HR) on the effects of inotropic (dobutamine
      infusion) and chronotropic (atrial pacing) stimuli during acute myocardial
      ischemia was assessed by measurement of intramural carbon dioxide partial
      pressure (PCO2) in open-chest dogs undergoing transient 10-minute left anterior
      descending coronary artery occlusions. In protocol I, in 5 dogs anesthetized with
      pentobarbital alone, HR increased from 153 +/- 10 to 182 +/- 7 beats/min between
      experimental coronary occlusions, but the increase in ischemic zone intramural
      carbon dioxide tension (delta PmCO2) was not altered by this significant increase
      in HR. In protocols II to V, dogs were anesthetized with combinations of
      morphine, thiamylal and pentobarbital and had a basal average HR of 81 beats/min.
      Atrial pacing in protocol II (13 dogs) increased HR from 76 +/- 21 to 134 +/- 19
      beats/min (p less than 0.001); left ventricular (LV) myocardial oxygen
      consumption (MVO2) rose from 3.9 +/- 1.6 to 4.9 +/- 1.4 ml/min/100 g (p less than
      0.05), and delta PmCO2 rose from 42 +/- 14 to 50 +/- 15 mm Hg (p less than 0.01),
      indicating more severe ischemic injury during the second experimental coronary
      occlusion. In protocol III, 11 dogs received 20 micrograms/kg/min of dobutamine
      before the second experimental occlusion, which significantly (p less than 0.02)
      increased HR, LV dP/dt and MVO2; delta PmCO2 increased from 46 +/- 13 to 63 +/-
      18 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The 7 dogs in protocol IV received 3.9 +/- 1.9
      micrograms/kg/min of dobutamine, titrated such that HR was unchanged (84 +/- 10
      vs 81 +/- 15 beats/min), but LV dP/dt increased by 92% (p less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428213
TI  - High-dose intravenous nitroglycerin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for
      refractory cardiac arrest.

PMID- 6428214
TI  - Hexamethylmelamine in advanced head and neck cancer. A phase II study.
AB  - The results of hexamethylmelamine therapy in 20 patients with advanced squamous
      cell head and neck cancer are reported. No patient had previously received
      chemotherapy. The dose of hexamethylmelamine was 8 mg/kg/day p.o. There was
      partial response in 3/20 (15%) patients. The duration of the response was 6-10
      weeks. Twelve of 20 (12/20) patients had stable disease for a median of 8 weeks
      (range: 4-18 weeks). Hexamethylmelamine was well tolerated with the only
      significant toxicity being mild nausea and vomiting. This drug deserves further
      evaluation in the treatment of head and neck cancer.

PMID- 6428215
TI  - Renal toxicity of mitomycin-C.
AB  - The clinical spectrum and the pathological findings of renal toxicity in four
      patients treated with mitomycin-C are described. Our experience and evidence in
      the literature indicates that the renal impairment appears to be total-dose
      related, with most patients developing renal symptoms after receiving at least 60
      mg of mitomycin-C. The renal morphologic changes reveal a glomerular and vascular
      process similar to that seen in a number of clinical situations associated with
      the hematologic findings of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. In patients with
      malignant disease, it may be that the use of mitomycin-C either alone or in
      combination with other drugs causes endothelial vascular damage with resultant
      activation of the coagulation system. There is evidence that early detection of
      the renal impairment and withdrawal of mitomycin-C might halt further progression
      of renal failure.

PMID- 6428216
TI  - Aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis
      patients.
AB  - The authors studied 30 gentamicin-resistant and 17 gentamicin-sensitive strains
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from respiratory cultures of patients with
      cystic fibrosis from five United States cities for the presence of plasmids,
      cross-resistance to other aminoglycosides, and the production of aminoglycoside
      modifying enzymes. Four of 30 resistant strains and 3 of 17 sensitive strains
      contained one or more plasmids. Aminoglycoside cross-resistance to tobramycin,
      amikacin, and netilmicin was seen in 21 of 30 gentamicin-resistant strains. Seven
      strains that had low-level gentamicin resistance (minimum inhibitory
      concentrations [MIC] = 8-32 micrograms/mL) were sensitive to one or more of the
      other three aminoglycosides. Two strains with high-level gentamicin resistance
      (MIC greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/mL) were sensitive to amikacin.
      These two strains, each containing three plasmids, were the only isolates of nine
      tested that produced an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme with activity against
      gentamicin. None of the plasmids was transferable by conjugation. Four strains,
      three of which contained one or more plasmids, produced an aminoglycoside 3'-0
      phosphotransferase II. The authors propose that the mechanism of gentamicin
      resistance in P. aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis is not commonly
      plasmid-mediated and likely is due to membrane impermeability to aminoglycosides.

PMID- 6428217
TI  - Hypoxemia associated with feeding in the preterm infant and full-term neonate.
AB  - Polygraphic monitoring studies were performed on more than 150 older preterm
      infants (postconceptional ages of 36 weeks or more) and full-term neonates to
      evaluate unexplained or persistent apnea. During polygraphic monitoring, 16
      infants were observed to have hypoxemia associated with feedings. The feeding
      hypoxemia was accompanied by irregular respiratory effort and preceded any
      associated bradycardia. A comparison group of eight infants with similar
      gestational and postconceptional ages, but without feeding hypoxemia, was
      selected retrospectively from other infants referred for evaluation of persistent
      or unexplained apnea. The group with feeding hypoxemia showed evidence of CNS
      compromise as manifested by significant elevations of the maximum end-tidal
      carbon dioxide pressure during sleep and abnormal computed tomograms (7/11 v 0/5
      in the comparison group). There was no relationship between feeding hypoxemia and
      sleep apnea or gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical follow-up showed that the
      feeding hypoxemia resolved with maturation.

PMID- 6428218
TI  - Phenylpropanolamine-associated CNS complications in children and adolescents.
AB  - Hypertension, severe headache, and grand mal seizures developed in a 13-year-old
      girl after ingestion of one nonprescription diet pill containing
      phenylpropanolamine and caffeine. This case is at least the sixth report of
      seizures with phenylpropanolamine use in children or adolescents.
      Phenylpropanolamine ingestion must be included in the differential diagnosis of
      young patients, particularly adolescents, in whom acute neurological symptoms
      develop.

PMID- 6428219
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
AB  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe and widely used technique to
      establish an enteral feeding route. It has eliminated much of the operative
      morbidity associated with gastrostomy placed by laparotomy. Although
      pneumoperitoneum can be seen after surgery and in association with certain
      endoscopic procedures, it has not been seen after percutaneous endoscopic
      gastrostomy. We describe a patient who developed a benign pneumoperitoneum after
      insertion of a percutaneous gastrostomy tube.

PMID- 6428220
TI  - Gastroenterology and the law.

PMID- 6428221
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) in the Pacific area.
AB  - Human plasma samples, radiolabeled with [125I]thyroxin, from the Asian, Pacific,
      and Australian area have been subjected to isoelectric focusing to reveal genetic
      variation in thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG). A genetically determined
      electrophoretic slow variant, TBG S, indistinguishable from the variant found in
      black Africans, has been observed with a frequency of 1%-10% in all Melanesian
      and Polynesian populations studied. The TBG S variant is present also with low
      frequency in Micronesians and in some Indonesian populations. However, East
      Asians, Indians, and Australian Aborigines were found to be monomorphic.

PMID- 6428222
TI  - HLA-DR genotype risks in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We studied the distribution of HLA-A, B, C, and -DR antigens in 77 Caucasian
      patients with sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-four patients were
      genotyped and compared with the control panel of 110 unrelated Caucasian
      genotyped donors. The data obtained confirm the association of DR4 with RA, and
      reveal an increased risk of disease for patients carrying DR1, DR2, and DR3,
      compared to the risk for those carrying other antigens, such as DR5, DRw6, and
      DR7. There is a higher risk for DR4/4 homozygotes than for DR4/1, DR4/2, or DR4/3
      heterozygotes. DR4/5, DR4/6, and DR4/7 have a lower risk than the previously
      mentioned genotypes. The genotype risks are compatible with the inheritance of a
      single, linked genetic determinant of disease susceptibility, but we are unable
      to distinguish between recessive and dominant inheritance of susceptibility using
      the "antigen-frequencies-amongst-diseases" method. DR4 seems to be more frequent
      in patients in whom onset occurs before the age of 35 (79% vs. 54% DR4 positive).
      A significant excess of DR3 + is observed in patients with toxic complications
      following treatment with gold salts (X2(1) = 8.96).

PMID- 6428223
TI  - A crossover or mutation in the Rh region revisited.

PMID- 6428224
TI  - Autosomal fragile sites and cancer.

PMID- 6428225
TI  - Analyzing pharmacy charges using DRGs.
AB  - Pharmacy charges at a 316-bed community hospital were analyzed using diagnosis
      related groups (DRGs). All patients admitted to the hospital between January 1,
      1983, and August 31, 1983, were retrospectively categorized by DRG. For the 20
      most expensive DRGs for the pharmacy department in terms of pharmacy charges, the
      following data were compiled: number of patients, total pharmacy charges, mean
      hospital and pharmacy charges per patient, mean length of stay, pharmacy charges
      as a percentage of hospital charges, and DRG distribution and total pharmacy
      charges by major diagnostic category ( MDC ). A total of 10,550 patients were
      assigned to 390 DRGs. For the 20 most expensive DRGs, the mean total pharmacy
      charges and number of patients per DRG were $83,457 and 140, respectively. DRG
      107 (coronary bypass) and MDC 5 (diseases and disorders of the circulatory
      system) had the highest pharmacy charges in the respective DRG and MDC
      categories. Pharmacy charges as a percentage of hospital charges ranged from 4.1%
      to 32% for the 20 most expensive DRGs. While there appeared to be a direct
      relationship between high hospital charges and length of stay for the most
      expensive DRGs, there did not appear to be a direct relationship between these
      two measures and high pharmacy charges. Until hospitals have data on actual cost
      per case and on cost per DRG for each department, analysis of pharmacy charge
      data by DRG for establishing pharmacy priorities may be a reasonable approach.

PMID- 6428226
TI  - Dynamic vascular auscultation.
AB  - Dynamic auscultation, defined as physiologic or pharmacologic maneuvers that
      alter cardiovascular sounds in predictable ways, is increasingly practiced in
      cardiac physical diagnosis. Dynamic maneuvers applicable to peripheral arterial
      sounds have also been described and deserve wider application since arterial
      occlusive disease is encountered frequently. These little-known maneuvers alter
      blood flow into and away from a critical stenosis, as well as flow through side
      branch arteries, thus allowing the examiner to accentuate and localize arterial
      bruits by modifying their intensity and duration. In this review, the
      pathophysiology of bruit production is applied to a description of specific bruit
      manipulations useful in the neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities. Application of
      these dynamic maneuvers during vascular auscultation should allow more
      discriminating use of subsequent expensive or invasive diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 6428227
TI  - Arterial hypoxemia in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests were studied in 105 patients with cirrhosis of the liver
      who had no clinical or radiographical evidence of cardiopulmonary disease.
      Spirometric data such as VC, FRC, RV, TLC, RV/TLC and FEV1.0% were within normal
      limits in all subjects. However, flow-volume curve and closing volume curve were
      abnormal in the majority. In flow-volume curve, V25, was decreased and the
      V50/V25 value was increased; on the other hand, closing volume was markedly
      increased and FRC-CC value was reduced in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
      The closing capacity tended to exceed the FRC in the patients with arterial
      hypoxemia, indicating the presence of airway closure and gas trapping during
      resting ventilation. Therefore, ventilation-perfusion imbalance may be an
      important cause of arterial hypoxemia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 6428228
TI  - Hypogonadism and Leydig cell hypoplasia unresponsive to human luteinizing hormone
      (hLH).
AB  - A 22-year-old man with hypogonadism, Leydig cell hypoplasia, high plasma LH, and
      normal plasma FSH was given human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human
      luteinizing hormone (hLH) in order to assess testicular testosterone responses to
      exogenously administered gonadotropins. The maximal testosterone level detected
      after six doses of hCG, 5000 IU per dose given intramuscularly (IM) was 256
      ng/dl. After eight doses of hLH, 550-1100 IU per dose given IM, the plasma
      testosterone level was unchanged, 100-200 ng/dl. The lack of a response to
      exogenously administered gonadotropins in our patient suggests that there is a
      primary testicular lesion causing the hypogonadism. Our patient's own LH is
      probably biologically active since there was no response to human LH, a pituitary
      extract with a known biopotency (LER 1549). Our patient's endocrine abnormality
      is apparently another facet in the spectrum of findings described in patients
      with Leydig cell hypoplasia or aplasia. Other features of this entity can include
      female pseudohermaphroditism, ambiguous genitalia, hypogonadism, delayed puberty,
      and the presence of biologically inactive LH.

PMID- 6428229
TI  - Biomedical genetics of the inherited metabolic diseases: the GM2-gangliosidoses.
AB  - Many of the known gene defects result in inborn errors of metabolism that produce
      irreversible damage to the central nervous system. A variety of new clinical,
      morphologic, biochemical, and genetic techniques are being used to characterize
      these disorders more precisely. At the Shriver Center, the different genotypes of
      GM2-gangliosidosis are distinguished according to the ability of cells in culture
      to metabolize radioactively-labeled GM2-ganglioside. Large-scale screening for
      carriers of the trait for Tay-Sachs disease, the most common of the GM2
      gangliosidoses, has dramatically reduced the incidence of this disease. Current
      efforts to isolate the genes for the alpha and beta chains of hexosaminidase A
      will lay the groundwork for better understanding of the molecular defects in
      these diseases and offers hope for a possible treatment.

PMID- 6428230
TI  - Changes in the management of severely Rh-immunized patients.
AB  - Since July 1, 1978, we have instituted the following changes in the management of
      severely Rh-immunized patients: (1) serial amniotic fluid optical density (delta
      OD450 ) values and real-time ultrasound scanning beginning at 21 weeks'
      gestation, (2) fetal transfusions as early as the twenty-third week, (3)
      ultrasound surveillance during and after intrauterine transfusions, and (4)
      planned premature delivery with neonatal exchange transfusions for selected cases
      between 29 to 32 weeks and for all patients after 32 weeks' gestation. The
      perinatal survival rate (83.8%) in 37 isoimmunized pregnancies managed with this
      regimen was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in 34 such pregnancies
      (55.9%) managed according to the protocol utilized during the previous four
      years.

PMID- 6428231
TI  - The effects of superovulatory doses of clomiphene citrate on spontaneous
      luteinizing hormone peaks in regularly ovulating women.
AB  - The effects of superovulatory doses of clomiphene citrate (150 mg orally every
      day for 5 days) on normal spontaneous menstrual cycles were studied in 16 women.
      Eight-eight percent of treatment cycles had clearly defined, timely luteinizing
      hormone (LH) peaks indistinguishable from those observed in normal cycles. Eight
      percent of treatment cycles did not have clearly defined LH peaks but were
      ovulatory. One cycle (4%) was anovulatory. Treated cycles were 2.1 days longer
      than previous control cycles (p less than 0.005). The follicular phase was
      significantly longer than control cycles (p less than 0.025) whereas the luteal
      phase was not (p greater than 0.05). There was a direct positive correlation
      between previous menstrual cycle length and follicular phase length in the
      treated cycle (r = 0.730, 0.01 less than p less than 0.05). The conclusion was
      that 96% of menstrual cycles of normally ovulating women remained ovulatory when
      the women were given superovulatory doses of clomiphene and that 88% of the
      cycles had clearly defined LH peaks.

PMID- 6428232
TI  - The effect of myometrial contractures on uterine blood flow in the pregnant sheep
      at 114 to 140 days' gestation measured by the 4-aminoantipyrine equilibrium
      diffusion technique.
AB  - Uterine blood flow, between 114 and 140 days' gestation, measured by the 4
      aminoantipyrine equilibrium diffusion technique, was significantly decreased from
      1359.1 +/- 84.4 ml X min-1 (mean +/- SE) in the absence of contractures to 1147.4
      +/- 71.8 ml X min-1 (mean +/- SE) during a contracture (p less than 0.01).
      Contractures reduced total uterine blood flow regardless of whether the ewe was
      standing or lying. These observations are in keeping with the suggestion that
      changes in total uterine blood flow may be an important mechanism responsible for
      the previously described temporal relationship between contractures and fetal
      neurophysiologic function.

PMID- 6428233
TI  - Correlation of prostacyclin synthesis by human umbilical artery with status of
      essential fatty acid.
AB  - Prostacyclin production by human umbilical artery rings was measured in a variety
      of incubation media and related to gestational age, mode of delivery, and birth
      weight. Prostacyclin production was directly correlated with the status of
      essential free fatty acid in the tissue as assessed by the ratio of tissue
      concentrations of arachidonic acid and Mead's acid. The results indicate a
      possible association of the essential fatty acid status both with intrauterine
      growth retardation and with fetal vascular prostacyclin production.

PMID- 6428234
TI  - Neurofibromatosis and pregnancy: report of a case complicated by intrauterine
      growth retardation and oligohydramnios.

PMID- 6428235
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.

PMID- 6428236
TI  - The Medicare prospective payment system.
AB  - In 1983 Congress adopted the most significant change in the Medicare program
      since its inception in 1965. Along with measures to ensure the solvency of the
      Social Security System into the next century, Congress approved a system of
      prospective payment for hospital inpatient services, whereby hospitals are paid a
      fixed sum per case according to a schedule of diagnosis related groups (DRGs).
      The program will be phased in over a four-year period that began October 1, 1983.
      Several types of hospitals and distinct part units of general hospitals are
      excluded from the system until 1985, when Congress will receive a report on a
      method of paying them prospectively. Information used to calculate the DRG rates
      was published September 1, 1983, as part of the interim final regulations. Other
      third party payers, such as state Medicaid systems and insurance companies, are
      considering converting to this method of payment, and several have adopted it.
      The implications for occupational therapy include a greater emphasis on reducing
      hospital length of stay, expanding outpatient care, increasing productivity, and
      a trend toward documentation and accounting consistent with computer technology.

PMID- 6428237
TI  - Variation in the pattern of cranial venous sinuses and hominid phylogeny.
AB  - In 1967 Tobias noted that Australopithecus boisei cranium O.H.5 exhibited a
      cranial venous sinus pattern in which the occipital sinus and the marginal
      sinuses of the foramen magnum appeared to have replaced the transverse-sigmoid
      sinuses as the major venous outflow track. Specimens of A. robustus and several
      more recently recovered A. boisei crania also show evidence of enlarged occipital
      marginal sinuses. In contrast, A. africanus and H. habilis retain a dominant
      transverse-sigmoid system that characterizes the great majority of extant apes
      and modern human cadaver samples. Pliocene A. afarensis exhibits a high frequency
      of occipital-marginal drainage systems. An examination of several series of
      precontact North American Indian crania shows that the frequency distribution of
      the occipital-marginal sinus pattern is spatiotemporally disjunct , ranging from
      7.5% to 28%. The Late Pleistocene sample from P redmost , Czechoslovakia, also
      shows a very high incidence of occipital-marginal sinus patterns (approximately
      45%). These observations suggest that occipital-marginal and transverse-sigmoid
      sinus patterns are adaptively equivalent character states. This conclusion is
      supported by the fact that enlarged occipital-marginal and transverse-sigmoid
      sinus systems often coexist on the same and/or contralateral sides of the head.
      It is well known that the frequencies of such adaptively neutral traits are often
      heavily influenced by population-specific epistatic interactions. The utilization
      of such traits in phylogenetic reconstruction entails a substantial risk of
      mistaking parallelism for synapomorphy . It is concluded that using functional
      adaptive criteria in the definition of morphologic characters is a more reliable
      method to guide phylogeny reconstruction. In light of this, the distribution of
      venous sinus variants in Plio -Pleistocene hominids gives little or no basis for
      revising the phylogenetic scheme of Johanson and White (1979), or the functional
      adaptive interpretation offered by White et al. (1981).

PMID- 6428238
TI  - Computerized x-ray tomography of fossil hominid skulls.
AB  - The newest generation of Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning appears to provide
      x-ray pictures of the internal structures of a rather heavily mineralized Homo
      erectus skull, i.e., Pithecanthropus IV, notably of its temporal bones, that
      reveal more details than traditional x-ray procedures. An analysis of the right
      temporal bone shows that it is extremely pneumatized, that the oval shape of the
      external meatus does not result from fractures as previously suggested, and that
      the middle ear and the internal auditory meatus have probably been damaged during
      restoration. Labyrinthine structures can be seen, and the facial nerve canal
      appears to be of a relative small size.

PMID- 6428239
TI  - A hominine hip bone, KNM-ER 3228, from East Lake Turkana, Kenya.
AB  - A male hominine partial hip bone, KNM -ER 3228, from East Lake Turkana , Kenya is
      described. In most of its features this specimen resembles modern human male hip
      bones. This is especially true for functional features related to weight transfer
      from the trunk to the pelvis and within the pelvis, and to the effective action
      of musculature arising from the pelvis during the performance of the modern human
      type of bipedalism . KNM -ER 3228 is very similar to the Olduvai Hominid 28 and
      the Arago XLIV hip bones, both attributed to Homo erectus .

PMID- 6428240
TI  - Additional fossil Theropithecus from Hopefield, South Africa: a comparison with
      other African sites and a reevaluation of its taxonomic status.
AB  - Additional fossil Theropithecus remains, recovered from mid to late Pleistocene
      deposits near Hopefield , South Africa, include portions of the jaws of at least
      five individuals. Extensive comparisons with fossil Theropithecus from other
      African sites, including Makapan , Swartkrans , Kanjera , Olorgesailie , and
      Olduvai , reveal few morphological differences, especially when variation in
      modern gelada baboons ( Theropithecus gelada ) and savannah baboons (Papio) is
      considered. The most pronounced differences between fossil forms are overall size
      and relative P3 length. However, these traits do not separate the fossil forms
      either chronologically or geographically. Other traits, such as depth of the
      fossa of the mandibular corpus, slope of the upper symphyseal shelf, and
      variation in the depth of the mandibular corpus, do not distinguish alleged
      primitive forms ( Makapan and lower beds at Olduvai ) from remains found at
      Hopefield , Swartkrans , Kanjera , Olorgesailie , Olduvai Bed IV, or the lower
      Ndutu Beds. Other traits, such as canine crown height and incisor size, are
      poorly documented for fossil Theropithecus . Thus, the available evidence
      suggests that Theropithecus darti and its successional species, T. oswaldi , can
      best be considered as a single fossil species, T. oswaldi , of which the remains
      from Hopefield are a late representative. Furthermore, lack of morphological
      differences dictates that Hopefield Theropithecus not be considered a distinct
      subspecies. Variation within the Hopefield sample shows that only one taxa is
      found at this site. Hypothesized physical and climatic conditions at Hopefield
      during the Pleistocene suggest that T. oswaldi lived near vleis or fresh water
      lagoons. Comparisons with modern T. gelada suggest a graminivorous diet for the
      fossil form.

PMID- 6428241
TI  - The new long-term patient in the public mental hospital: a follow-up.
AB  - Of the 270 patients who had been hospitalized at least 1 year in Maryland public
      psychiatric facilities in 1976, 15% remained 7 years later. The authors' data
      provide evidence that a new long-term population is not accumulating in Maryland.

PMID- 6428242
TI  - The lithium loading dose method in a clinical setting.
AB  - The lithium loading dose method developed by Cooper and associates resulted in
      achievement of therapeutic concentrations in 29 of 30 psychiatric inpatients.
      Fewer lithium determinations were required than in 30 other inpatients treated
      with the traditional trial-and-error technique.

PMID- 6428243
TI  - Response to hyperventilation in a group of patients with panic disorder.
AB  - Twelve patients with DSM-III diagnoses of panic disorder and four normal
      volunteers were studied during hyperventilation of room air and increased
      ventilation stimulated by 5% CO2. Patients also underwent sodium lactate
      infusion. Eight of the patients had a panic attack during sodium lactate
      infusion, seven during CO2 inhalation, and three during room-air
      hyperventilation. Since CO2 increases the firing of the locus ceruleus, and since
      sodium lactate infusion is known to increase cerebral CO2, these findings are
      consistent with other evidence implicating the locus ceruleus in panic anxiety.

PMID- 6428244
TI  - Lichen simplex chronicus during lithium treatment.
AB  - A patient who was taking lithium developed an intensely pruritic lesion that
      remitted after lithium discontinuation and recurred with readministration. The
      condition was successfully treated with local steroid application, which
      permitted continuation of lithium maintenance.

PMID- 6428245
TI  - Use of antigen preparations of the amastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi in the
      serology of Chagas' disease.
AB  - Antigens derived from the amastigote or the epimastigote stages of Trypanosoma
      cruzi and prepared by sonication or formalinization were examined and compared in
      the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to the parasite in sera of infected
      humans. The results revealed that antigens derived of amastigotes from cell
      cultures can be used for the detection of antibodies to T. cruzi in both tests.
      In the IFA test, 46.3% of the sera had higher titers with amastigote antigens,
      41.5% had equal titers with antigens from both stages, and 12.2% had higher
      titers with epimastigote antigens. In the ELISA, 43.9% had higher titers with
      amastigote antigens, 43.9% had equal titers with antigens of both stages and
      12.2% had higher titers with the epimastigote antigens. The differences in
      titers, however, were not of a magnitude sufficient to indicate a higher
      sensitivity for the amastigote antigens. The ELISA was performed successfully
      with formalinized or sonicated organisms of both stages. The use of formalinized
      parasites introduces a new advantage over previously reported ELISA methods.
      Formalinized antigens are easier to prepare and can be stored for prolonged
      periods of time at 4 degrees C. The reason for the higher titers with amastigote
      antigens was examined by using 125I-labeled antigens to determine the binding of
      antigens to the plastic solid-phase used in the ELISA and to compare the antigens
      of each stage that could be immunoprecipitated by antibodies to T. cruzi. The
      ability of amastigote antigens to bind to the plastic solid phase appeared to be
      slightly higher than that of epimastigote antigens although the differences were
      not statistically significant. On the other hand, the amount of antigens in the
      amastigote preparation immunoprecipitated by antibodies in 6 of 10 sera examined
      was higher than the amount of antigens in the epimastigote preparation
      immunoprecipitated by antibodies in the same sera. In two sera the amount was
      similar, and in the remainder more antigens in the epimastigote antigen
      preparation were immunoprecipitated. These results are of interest and may
      suggest clinical implications.

PMID- 6428246
TI  - Heart and lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Seventeen patients received combined heart and lung transplants at Stanford
      University between March 1981 and December 1983. All recipients were suffering
      from end-stage pulmonary hypertension. Five patients died within the first few
      postoperative weeks, but the remainder were well between 2 and 35 months after
      operation. Immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine with an initial course of
      rabbit antithymocyte globulin, and azathioprine was given for the first 2
      postoperative weeks. Maintenance immunosuppression was achieved with cyclosporine
      and prednisone. Rejection, as diagnosed by cardiac biopsy, was treated with
      intravenous methylprednisolone. The functional status of the survivors has been
      good, and upon discharge from the hospital, all returned to normal activity. Our
      preliminary experience indicates that cardiopulmonary transplantation represents
      a realistic therapeutic approach for patients with end-stage pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6428247
TI  - Infusion of branched chain-enriched amino acid solutions in sepsis.
AB  - The goal of nutritional support in sepsis is, as in other conditions, to prevent
      the use of endogenous protein as an energy substrate and, ideally, to promote the
      synthesis of proteins specifically required in responding to the particular
      insult or stress at hand. This entails provision of an utilizable fuel, in
      sufficient quantity, that does not inhibit the use of endogenous nonprotein
      sources; preservation of the existing protein mass by minimizing skeletal muscle
      and visceral proteolysis; provision of amino acids in sufficient quantity and in
      the appropriate proportions such that protein synthesis is optimized.
      Specifically, this includes the synthesis of those proteins required to maintain
      hyperdynamic function of the essential organs as well as the hepatic and
      leukocytic synthesis of proteins required in immunologic defense. This study has
      assessed one aspect of this goal during the administration of nutrient solutions
      differing primarily in branched chain amino acid content. We conclude that
      leucine is fundamental among the branched chain amino acids for reducing skeletal
      muscle proteolysis. Solutions designed for sepsis or stress should, therefore,
      contain adequate amounts of this amino acid.

PMID- 6428248
TI  - Fabry's disease. An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder.

PMID- 6428249
TI  - Amino acid metabolism in the brain with convulsive disorders. Part I: Free amino
      acid patterns in the brain of E1 mouse with convulsive seizure.
AB  - To clarify the biochemical mechanism of convulsions from a view point of the
      amino acid metabolism, the free amino acid patterns in brains of El mice were
      investigated. The free amino acid levels in the brain excluding the cerebellum
      were measured by an amino acid autoanalyzer. 1) In the convulsion group, the free
      aspartic acid and serine levels in brains increased compared to the preconvulsion
      group. 2) In the postconvulsion group, an increase of glutamine and alanine
      levels in brains and a decrease of cystathionine level were found compared to the
      convulsion group. 3) It was found that in the preconvulsion group, the
      cystathionine and ornithine levels were high and the serine, alanine and GABA
      levels were low compared to the postconvulsion group. These results suggest that
      the free amino acid balance in the brain of this mouse should play an important
      role in the inducing mechanism of convulsions.

PMID- 6428250
TI  - Familial porencephalic white matter disease in two generations.
AB  - We report the pedigree of a family in which a mother and her two children, a boy
      and a girl, all suffer from a similar, though variably expressed cerebral
      disorder, seen on CT as uni- or bilateral cavities within the supratentorial
      white matter in communication with the ventricular system. Additional white
      matter hypodensity around the lateral ventricles without ventricular widening
      provides preliminary evidence of a primary disease of myelination, in the absence
      of histopathological confirmation. This is probably the first report of
      "porencephaly" which shows a pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance.

PMID- 6428251
TI  - Proposal for a study to determine the feasibility of developing a cancer research
      center in Alaska.

PMID- 6428252
TI  - Effect of acute ethanol administration on diamine oxidase activity in the upper
      gastrointestinal tract of rat.
AB  - The effect of a single dose (2 g/kg, body weight) of ethanol on diamine oxidase
      activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract was studied in fasted rats. Ethanol
      given by gastric intubation as a 10%, 20%, or 40% solution caused an early and
      transient increase in diamine oxidase activity in gastroduodenal fluid that was
      concentration-dependent. The 20% ethanol solution caused, at 3 and 6 hr, a
      diminution of enzyme activity in the wall of the stomach and duodenum, but not in
      that of the jejunum. Diamine oxidase activity in the gastroduodenal tract
      returned to control values at 12 hr, when ethanol had disappeared from the blood.
      The plasma enzyme activity diminished, starting from the first hour. The same
      dose of ethanol administered intravenously caused diminutions in diamine oxidase
      activity in the stomach and duodenum similar to those observed after gastric
      intubation. The enzyme decrease in the stomach and duodenum was not correlated
      with the gastroduodenal or blood ethanol levels. Pretreatment with pyrazole, an
      inhibitor of ethanol metabolism, prevented the ethanol-induced decrease in
      gastroduodenal enzyme activity, thus suggesting that this diminution was
      principally a consequence of ethanol oxidation. These results indicate that
      ethanol modifies in the gastroduodenal tract the activity of diamine oxidase the
      enzyme which regulates the physiologic activity of histamine in gastric secretion
      and oxidizes the toxic diamines of dietary and bacterial origin.

PMID- 6428253
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol treatment on lipid composition and prostaglandins in
      rats fed essential fatty acid deficient diets.
AB  - Rats of the third generation fed on a diet with 0.3 energy-% (low-essential fatty
      acids (EFA) or 3 energy-% (normal-EFA) essential fatty acids were given once
      daily intraperitoneal injections of ethanol 3 g/kg or isocaloric glucose for 23
      days. At the end of the experiment, organs were removed and their weight and
      lipid composition were determined. The postmortem accumulation of the
      prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was used to assess
      prostaglandin (PG) precursor availability in the organs. Ethanol was found to
      amplify the biochemical indicators of EFA-deficiency. The fatty acids 20:3 n-9 in
      brain phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol and 22:5 n-6 in brain
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were significantly higher in the
      ethanol group compared to the control group. In the kidney, the 20:3 n-9/20:4 n-6
      ratio in phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine was significantly higher in
      the ethanol group compared to the control group. The low-EFA animals had a lower
      output of urinary PGF2 alpha than the normal EFA animals. Chronic ethanol
      treatment gave a pronounced increase of urinary PGF2 alpha in both groups. Kidney
      levels of PGs were lower in the low EFA-animals. Chronic ethanol treatment gave a
      further decrease in kidney PGs. PG levels were the same in brains from low-EFA
      and normal-EFA animals with no effects of ethanol. The data are consistent with
      an increased utilization of EFA during chronic ethanol intoxication leading to a
      depletion of PG precursor stores in some but not all organs.

PMID- 6428254
TI  - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis. Recent aspects].

PMID- 6428255
TI  - The status of reimbursement policy and future projections.

PMID- 6428256
TI  - Overview of current models for prospective payment.

PMID- 6428258
TI  - Prospective payment: winners and losers.

PMID- 6428257
TI  - Prospective payment: focus on quality of care.

PMID- 6428259
TI  - [Continuous alfentanil infusion in surgical interventions of intermediate and
      long duration].
AB  - Alfentanil, a new short-acting narcotic analgesic, was studied as a continuous
      infusion for surgical procedures of medium and long duration in 80 patients.
      Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone immediately followed by 1 mg of
      alfentanil to attenuate the stress response to intubation. Alfentanil 100
      micrograms/kg was then slowly given as a loading dose before surgery started and
      anaesthesia maintained by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.5-1
      micrograms/kg/min. Patients were ventilated with a 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen.
      The course of anaesthesia was good in 76 of the patients, while 27 needed small
      increments of alfentanil on top of the infusion. Cardiovascular stability was a
      feature in almost all patients. Recovery was extremely rapid and without
      complications. Naloxone to reverse respiratory depression was only used twice.

PMID- 6428260
TI  - [The effect of intraoperative PEEP ventilation and postoperative CPAP breathing
      on postoperative lung function following upper abdominal surgery].
AB  - The problem of how to improve postoperative pulmonary function after upper
      abdominal surgery was investigated in a randomized study involving 64 patients
      who were subjected to various treatment regimens designed to increase airway
      pressure. Intraoperative ventilation was carried out with either zero or positive
      end exspiratory pressure, and postoperatively either CPAP or a nasal oxygen
      catheter were applied. The following groups were formed: 1. ZEEP /O2-catheter; 2.
      PEEP/O2-catheter; 3. ZEEP /CPAP; 4. PEEP/CPAP. The typical reduction in vital
      capacity occurred postoperatively, the lowest value being recorded on the 2nd
      postoperative day, an alteration in respiratory pattern with reduced tidal volume
      and increased respiratory rate together with an initially low, later normal
      alveolar ventilation, and an initial hypoxaemia which was at first associated
      with a moderate hypercapnia, on the second postoperative day with a normocapnia,
      were observed. At no point in time could a difference be found between the 4
      groups, no measurable improvement in respiratory function being found as a result
      of the treatment given. Intra- and post-operative increase in airway pressure was
      however found to be associated with a reduction in the incidence of post
      operative pulmonary complications.

PMID- 6428261
TI  - Quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I in pooled human serum by single radial
      immunodiffusion and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-I was released from human HDL particles by treatment with 8 M
      urea, and the free apolipoprotein exhibited identical antigenicity and the same
      low mobility as purified apolipoprotein A-I in electrophoresis. Treatment of
      serum with 8 M urea enabled enabled quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I by single
      radial immunodiffusion assay, as judged by comparison with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6428262
TI  - Use of o-phthalaldehyde to reduce background during automated Edman degradation.
AB  - Background generated during the cleavage step of the Edman degradation is a major
      obstacle to extended automated amino acid sequencing. It was demonstrated
      recently by A. S. Bhown, J. C. Bennett, P. H. Morgan, and J. E. Mole (1981, Anal.
      Biochem. 112, 158-162) that introduction of fluorescamine into the spinning cup
      reduced background by blocking primary amino groups at cycles where a proline
      residue is at the exposed amino terminus. A convenient blocking reaction program
      using o-phthalaldehyde which can be intercalated into the sequencing format of an
      automated Beckman liquid-phase sequencer is presented. The advantages of o
      phthalaldehyde in blocking of primary amines when proline is amino terminal arise
      from its stability in aqueous solution and the ease of programmed metering of
      delivery to the sequencer spinning cup. The blocking reaction proved successful
      not only in extending sequence analyses but also in the elimination of unwanted
      sequences in selected peptide mixtures without the necessity of purification of
      the target peptide.

PMID- 6428263
TI  - Rapid separation of DNAs by buoyant density in three-layer CsCl gradients.
AB  - The formation of three-layer CsCl gradients with a narrow middle layer containing
      the analyzed material allows the separation of macrospecies according to their
      buoyant densities during the first hours of centrifugation before equilibrium is
      attained. The method can be used for the isolation and purification of various
      DNA molecules, such as mitochondrial and plasmid DNAs.

PMID- 6428264
TI  - Separation of dimethylaminoazobenzenethiohydantoin amino acids by high
      performance liquid chromatography at low picomole concentrations.
AB  - The separation of all common dimethylaminoazobenzenethiohydantoin (DABTH) amino
      acids derived from modified Edman sequencing can be achieved by using high
      performance liquid chromatography. All derivatives, including DABTH-Ile and DABTH
      Leu, can be readily separated in a solvent mixture of sodium acetate buffer and
      1% ethylene dichloride in acetonitrile. The high absorbance of the DABTH amino
      acids at 436 nm makes possible the quantitative determination of these
      derivatives at picomole concentrations in a relatively short time (30-40 min).

PMID- 6428265
TI  - Dissociation constants for carbonic anhydrase--sulfonamide binding by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase-azosulfonamide dissociation constants (Kd) were determined by
      gel filtration with high-performance liquid chromatography. By measuring the area
      of the elution peak at two wavelengths, Kd values were derived without having to
      measure a shallow trough. The procedure proved to be fast and reliable and has a
      general application. The dissociation constants were measured for 7-acetamido-2
      (4'-sulfamylphenylazo)-1-hydroxynaphthalene-3, 6-disulfonate (Neoprontosil)
      complexes with carbonic anhydrase isozymes CA I, CA II, and CA III from bovine
      and human sources, and chicken CA III from skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6428266
TI  - A simple method for purification of chymase from rat tongue and rat peritoneal
      cells.
AB  - Chymase was purified from rat tongue and rat peritoneal cells by a simple new
      method involving hydrophobic chromatography on octyl-Sepharose 4B and
      hydroxylapatite column chromatography. This procedure can be completed in 1 or 2
      days and the recovery is 45-60% from rat tongue and 32-47% from rat peritoneal
      cells. The specific activity of the purified enzyme is higher than that of
      crystallized enzyme previously reported (Y. Sanada, N. Yasogawa, and N. Katunuma
      (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 82, 108-113). This procedure should be
      particularly useful for purifying chymase on a large scale from tissues in which
      it is present in relatively low concentrations.

PMID- 6428267
TI  - High-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins.
AB  - A new, weakly hydrophobic, high-performance liquid chromatography column has been
      developed for the separation of native proteins based on their relative
      hydrophobicities. Starting with a covalently bound, hydrophilic polyamine matrix,
      packing materials were synthesized through acylation with anhydrides and acid
      chlorides of increasing chain length to obtain increasingly hydrophobic surfaces.
      Proteins in aqueous buffers were induced to bind hydrophobically to the columns
      by the use of high salt concentrations in the mobile phase. Elution was achieved
      by decreasing the ionic strength of the solvent in a linear gradient. A mixture
      of cytochrome c, conalbumin, and beta-glucosidase was used as a standard to test
      the resolving power of newly synthesized columns. On a 4-cm butyrate column,
      baseline resolution was achieved in 20 min with a gradient of 3.0 mu sodium
      sulfate in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, to water. The static loading
      capacity for each column was determined using a hemoglobin binding assay.
      Capacities normally ranged between 150 and 180 mg of hemoglobin per gram of
      support. Since proteins are not denatured in hydrophobic interaction
      chromatography, enzymes eluted from the column retained enzymatic activity.
      Samples of alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase ranging in size from 10 to 200
      micrograms were recovered from the butyrate column with greater than 92%
      enzymatic activity in all cases. In a single trial, the enzyme citrate synthase
      was recovered from the benzoate column with 92% retention of enzymatic activity.

PMID- 6428268
TI  - Intermediary purine-metabolizing enzymes from the cytosol of Dictyostelium
      discoideum monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The use of high-performance liquid chromatography to identify and quantitate five
      purine-metabolizing enzymes from a partially purified subcellular fraction of the
      eucaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum is described. All HPLC
      separations were carried out in an isocratic manner using reverse-phase C18 as
      the stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of a phosphate buffer with
      either methanol or acetonitrile as cosolvent, and optimal separation conditions
      were attained by varying the organic concentration or the pH of the buffer or by
      employing paired-ion chromatographic techniques. Substrates and products were
      detected at either 254 nm for the purines or 295 nm for the formycin analogs. An
      adenosine kinase activity was identified, and it was demonstrated that formycin A
      (FoA) could be substituted for adenosine as the phosphate acceptor, yielding
      FoAMP as the product. With FoA as the substrate an apparent Km of 18.2 microM and
      an apparent Vmax of 32.4 mmol min-1 mg-1 were observed for the activity. A purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase activity was found to cleave adenosine to adenine and
      ribosylphosphate. FoA was not found to be a substrate for this activity due to
      the unusual formycin C-glycosyl bond which was not hydrolyzed by enzymes or
      chemically with either HCl or NaOH. An adenylate deaminase activity was found to
      be present in the cytosolic S-100 of cells harvested during the onset of
      development, and this deaminase activity was greatly stimulated by ATP. With
      FoAMP as the substrate, an apparent Km of 236 microM and Vmax of 2.78 mumol min-1
      mg-1 were observed. The deamination of FoAMP could be inhibited by the addition
      of the natural substrate AMP. An apparent Ki value of 136 microM was determined
      from initial rate data. An adenylosuccinate synthetase activity was observed to
      have a Km value for GTP, IMP, and aspartic acid of 23, 34, and 714 microM,
      respectively. The formycin analog FoIMP was not a substrate with this activity
      but was a competitive inhibitor of IMP. Finally hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase was found to have Km and Vmax values for hypoxanthine
      of 55.5 microM and 34.3 nmol-1 min-1 mg-1. When guanine was used as the
      substrate, the rate of nucleotide formation was 50% that with hypoxanthine as the
      substrate. The advantages of using HPLC to examine the interconnecting activities
      of a multienzyme complex in subcellular fractions are discussed, including the
      increased sensitivity obtained by using formycin analogs in the assay
      procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6428269
TI  - 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid as a new fluorogenic reagent for amine oxidase
      assays.
AB  - A detailed procedure of a new and extremely sensitive fluorometric assay for
      amine oxidases is presented. Hydrogen peroxide, produced by the oxidase reaction,
      reacted with 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid in the presence of peroxidase to
      yield a fluorescent compound by which enzyme activity could be determined. The
      enzyme reaction was terminated by NaOH solution, which increased the fluorescence
      intensity three- to fivefold. The detection limit thus obtained was as little as
      0.02 nmol. The alkalinization also contributed to stopping the enzyme reaction
      and to the clarification of assay mixtures containing turbid enzyme preparations.

PMID- 6428270
TI  - Detection of the Sanfilippo D syndrome by the use of a radiolabeled
      monosaccharide sulfate as the substrate for the estimation of N-acetylglucosamine
      6-sulfate sulfatase.
AB  - N-Acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase activity was assayed by incubation of the
      radiolabeled monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine [1-14C]6-sulfate (GlcNAc6S) with
      homogenates of leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts and concentrates of urine
      derived from normal individuals, patients affected with N-acetylglucosamine-6
      sulfate sulfatase deficiency (Sanfilippo D syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type
      IIID), and patients affected with other mucopolysaccharidoses. The assay clearly
      distinguished affected homozygotes from normal controls and other
      mucopolysaccharidosis types. The level of enzymatic activity toward GlcNAc6S was
      compared with that toward a sulfated disaccharide and a sulfated trisaccharide
      prepared from heparin. The disaccharide was desulfated at the same rate as the
      monosaccharide and the trisaccharide at 30 times that of the monosaccharide.
      Sulfatase activity toward glucose 6-sulfate and N-acetylmannosamine 6-sulfate was
      not detected. Sulfatase activity in fibroblast homogenates with GlcNAc6S
      exhibited a pH optimum at pH 6.5, an apparent Km of 330 mumol/liter, and
      inhibition by both sulfate and phosphate ions. The use of radiolabeled GlcNAc6S
      substrate for the assay of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in leukocytes
      and skin fibroblasts for the routine enzymatic detection of the Sanfilippo D
      syndrome is recommended.

PMID- 6428271
TI  - Synthesis of a new chelating gel: removal of Ca2+ ions from parvalbumin.
AB  - The synthesis of a chelating gel which contains the effective metal chelating
      agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid covalently linked to amino-agarose is
      described. This gel is shown to be a rapid and extremely effective material for
      the removal of tightly bound, but labile metal ions from proteins without
      introducing contaminants into the biological system. The synthesis involves the
      formation of an amide linkage between the dangling carboxylate arm of the
      [Co(EDTA)Cl]2-complex and amino-agarose using a standard carbodiimide coupling
      reaction. The chelating gel is shown to remove approximately 98.5% of the calcium
      from fully bound Ca2-parvalbumin and over 99% of the europium from Eu2
      parvalbumin.

PMID- 6428272
TI  - The synthesis, purification, and evaluation of a chromophoric substrate for
      pepsin and other aspartyl proteases: design of a substrate based on subsite
      preferences.
AB  - A convenient chromophoric assay for porcine pepsin has been developed using a new
      synthetic substrate. The sequence of this substrate was chosen based on the known
      subsite preferences for this enzyme. The peptide contains a phenylalanyl-p
      nitrophenylalanine sequence at the reactive site. Cleavage of this bond yields a
      change in absorbance at 310 nm of between 1700 and 2000 per mole. This allows
      kinetic data to be obtained readily and accurately. The products of cleavage have
      been identified by isolation of a peptide fragment by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Values of kcat, Km, and kcat/Km of 94 +/- 6 s-1, 0.13 +/- .04 mM,
      and 815 +/- 210 s-1/mM-1 were obtained at pH 3.0 and 37 degrees C. The peptide is
      soluble over the pH range from 2 to 7, thus facilitating determination of the pH
      dependence of the kinetic parameters. The substrate is also valuable in studying
      the inhibition of pepsin.

PMID- 6428273
TI  - Radiochemical technique for intensification of underexposed autoradiographs.
AB  - A radiochemical technique has been used to recover images of underexposed and
      developed autoradiographs. The underexposed image was radioactivated in a
      solution of [35S]thiourea, air-dried, and reexposed to Kodak NMC film which was
      developed and processed in a Kodak X-Omat processor. Features which were not
      discernible in the underexposed autoradiographs were well distinguished in the
      intensified autoradiograph.

PMID- 6428274
TI  - New approaches to assessment of drug disposition in the surgical patient.

PMID- 6428275
TI  - Effects of parenteral nutritional regimens on oxidative drug metabolism.
AB  - To determine whether the caloric source of intravenous nutrition can influence
      oxidative drug metabolizing capacity, antipyrine metabolism was studied in six
      healthy volunteers, who were taking no food or liquid by mouth, after they had
      been administered an intravenous nutritional regimen of 5% dextrose, 440
      kcal/day, for 4 days and after they had been switched to an essentially
      isocaloric intravenous nutritional regimen of amino acids ( Aminosyn 3.5%) for 1
      day. The change in intravenous nutritional regimen resulted in a 21% decrease in
      mean half-life (range: 3-32%), a 20% decrease in mean area under the
      concentration-time curve (range: 4-42%), and a 24% increase in mean metabolic
      clearance rate (range: 2-71%) for antipyrine. These results show that the change
      from intravenous dextrose to intravenous amino acids for only 1 day produced in
      all subjects an increase in antipyrine metabolism. Interestingly, there was
      marked variability in the responsiveness of the different subjects to the change
      in intravenous caloric source.

PMID- 6428276
TI  - The Einstein carbon dioxide detector.

PMID- 6428277
TI  - APIC 1983: is the honeymoon over?

PMID- 6428278
TI  - Cromolyn modifies histamine bronchial reactivity in symptomatic seasonal asthma.
AB  - Sixteen adults with symptomatic seasonal asthma were treated with either cromolyn
      or placebo during the pollen season, in a double blinded fashion. Over the study
      time (three months) bronchial histamine tolerance increased in the treated group
      while decreasing in the placebo group (P less than .002 at three months). Other
      measurements, such as FEV1, PEFR and symptom scores supported the idea that
      cromolyn therapy benefitted the course of seasonal asthma.

PMID- 6428279
TI  - Long term trial of ketotifen in bronchial asthma.
AB  - Ketotifen in a dose of 1 mg p.o. q 12 h was compared with placebo in a double
      blind, twelve month parallel group trial in 17 randomly selected patients with
      bronchial asthma. Among 13 patients treated with ketotifen, nine have been
      classified as responders and four as non-responders. Responders were young and
      teenaged individuals, athletically oriented, with moderate asthma. It is our
      impression that ketotifen offers a new therapeutic dimension in the prophylaxis
      of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 6428280
TI  - Seizures due to maprotiline overdose.
AB  - Maprotiline, a new tetracyclic antidepressant, has a pattern of toxicity that is
      different from that of tricyclics. Maprotiline overdosage appears more likely to
      cause seizures but less likely to cause the peripheral autonomic and cardiac
      manifestations seen with tricyclics. Two cases of maprotiline overdose resulting
      in seizures without significant anticholinergic or cardiotoxic effects are
      presented. Both patients were treated acutely with gastric emptying and were
      observed to have no further seizures during subsequent drug-free hospital and
      outpatient follow up. Physostigmine salicylate has been used as an antidote for
      the anticholinergic syndrome of tricyclic overdose, but probably offers less in
      maprotiline overdose. Careful observation for seizures appears to be warranted.

PMID- 6428281
TI  - Gastrointestinal disease associated with meningococcemia.
AB  - Despite the multiple organ involvement seen in meningococcal disease, there is
      little in the literature to support gastrointestinal symptoms as the predominant
      finding. In the past year four patients with meningococcemia and meningitis
      presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. In three cases the gastrointestinal
      findings were of such severity that the diagnosis of meningococcemia was
      obscured.

PMID- 6428282
TI  - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.
AB  - Presented is the case of a 42-year-old, previously healthy man with meningitis
      secondary to Listeria monocytogenes. Following lumbar puncture, empiric therapy
      with intravenous penicillin was started and he was hospitalized. Subsequently L
      monocytogenes was proven to be the causative organism and antibiotic therapy was
      changed to ampicillin and gentamicin. The patient's condition improved. He was
      discharged and continues to do well. There was no evidence at any time of
      underlying predisposition to infection. Listeria meningitis in healthy patients
      and in patients with underlying disease is discussed, along with possible
      implications about choice of empiric antibiotics.

PMID- 6428283
TI  - Treatment of exposure to chemical personal protection agents.

PMID- 6428284
TI  - Blast transformation of adherent macrophages infected in vitro with sporozoites
      of Theileria parva.
AB  - Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks were fed on cows with parasitemia from
      Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever). Homogenates of salivary glands with
      infective sporozoites were added to cultures of (i) monocyte-derived adherent
      macrophages from normal bovine peripheral blood and (ii) macrophages from spleen
      and bone marrow. It was shown by light, phase-contrast, and electron microscopies
      and by tests for lysosomal enzymes, phagocytosis of carbon particles, and cell
      markers (fibronectin and Fc receptors) that macrophages transformed in vitro to
      blast cells containing macroschizonts in 2 to 3 weeks. These blasts detached from
      the monolayer and grew indefinitely in suspension culture.

PMID- 6428285
TI  - Demonstration of a free elastolytic metalloenzyme in human lung lavage fluid and
      its relationship to alpha 1-antiprotease.
AB  - Although the human alveolar macrophage in tissue culture can secrete an
      elastolytic metalloenzyme that is not inactivated by alpha 1-antiprotease (AAP),
      levels of this proteolytic activity and its relationship to AAP in human lung
      lavage fluid ( HLF ) are unknown from previous studies. Therefore, we measured
      elastolytic activity in concentrated (20- to 30-fold) HLF from 15 smokers and 10
      nonsmokers and related results to measurements of AAP in these fluids. Activity
      (mean +/- SEM) against a C elastin substrate (expressed as nanograms of porcine
      pancreatic elastase equivalents per milligram of lavage fluid protein) in
      smokers, 18.9 +/- 6.7, significantly exceeded (p = 0.05) levels present in
      nonsmokers, 4.4 +/- 1.8. With the synthetic elastin-like chromophore substrate
      succinyl-trialanine-nitroanilide ( SLAPN ), activity in individual samples was
      reduced 79% by EDTA, a metalloproteinase inhibitor, whereas activity was reduced
      by only 29% in the presence of PMSF, a serine proteinase inhibitor. In addition,
      using a pooled sample of HLF and C elastin substrate, 80% of activity against the
      elastin substrate was eliminated by EDTA, whereas 51% was eliminated by PMSF. The
      activity measured with C elastin substrate correlated inversely with antigenic
      AAP (r = -0.05, p = 0.01), but no correlations were found between this activity
      and HLF cell number, cell viability, differential count, or subject smoking
      history. The detection of activity with C elastin in HLF , with primarily a
      metalloenzyme inhibitor profile, in the presence of antigenically detectable AAP,
      may have pathogenetic relevance for emphysema in humans.

PMID- 6428286
TI  - Enteral nutrient solutions. Limiting bacterial growth.
AB  - Bacterial contamination of enteral nutrient solutions ( ENS ) in FFcess of food
      product standards is known to occur in the hospital setting. The large amounts of
      bacteria often given with ENS have been shown to create a reservoir for
      nosocomial infections, and nonpathogenic bacteria have been implicated. Patient
      tolerance is dependent on immune status and the bacterial load delivered to the
      gut. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial growth-sustaining
      properties of various ENS and to devise methods to limit bacterial growth. Five
      commercial products were prepared under sterile conditions. After inoculation
      with approximately 5 X 10(3) organisms/cm3 of Enterobacter cloacae, each solution
      was hung at room temperature for 24 hours with samples drawn at fixed intervals
      and plated for bacterial counts. Bacterial growth rates in Ensure, Travasorb ,
      and Vital were markedly higher than those in Precision and Vivonex. Vivonex was
      noted to contain potassium sorbate (KS) used as a fungistatic agent. Recent
      studies have identified KS as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic food preservative
      that is federally approved for this use. KS (0.03%) was added to Travasorb
      inoculated with 5 X 10(3) organisms/cm(3) of E. cloacae. The bacterial growth
      rate was reduced by 75 per cent, and the final count of 2-3 X 10(4) organisms/ml
      was within the federally regulated limit for milk. This study suggests that
      initial inoculum, growth rate, and hang time can be altered to provide a
      significant reduction in final bacterial counts in ENS .

PMID- 6428287
TI  - [Cat-scratch disease. An typical form].
AB  - Authors present a 7-year-old patient with cat-scratch disease during which he
      developed a "grand mal" convulsive status with severe intracranial hypertension
      requiring epidural monitoring and energetic treatment. Outcome was favourable,
      without neurologic sequelae. Review etiology and diagnostic criteria of this
      disease pointing out atypical forms of presentation is made.

PMID- 6428288
TI  - [Pilomatrixoma: a frequent and little known pediatric tumor].
AB  - Pilomatrixoma is a benign dermal tumor which is quite frequently observed, but
      although 50 % of the cases are treated during childhood, it is not well known
      among paediatricians and paediatric surgeons. Authors report 12 cases localized
      mainly in the face, neck and upper limbs. Tumors were located in deep dermal
      layers, they were small, hard and brown or yellow-colored. Microscopic
      examination revealed basophilic cells which were quite similar to those of
      basocellular carcinoma, and took origin from hair matrix, and momified or "ghost"
      cells embedded in a giant cell stroma; lesion was well limited and extended down
      to subcutaneous fat. In two cases there was a history of infection or insect
      bites in the site of the lesion and in another one two pilomatrixomas were
      successively removed from a child whose family had von Recklinghausen's disease.
      In the majority of patients, preoperative diagnosis was not made, a fact
      witnessing that this is badly known and justifies this report.

PMID- 6428289
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups.

PMID- 6428290
TI  - L-Thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. A double-blind, placebo
      controlled trial.
AB  - The indications for treating patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (normal
      serum thyroxine and free thyroxine levels, but elevated serum thyrotrophin
      levels) are poorly defined. In this study, 33 patients with subclinical
      hypothyroidism were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive placebo
      or L-thyroxine therapy and were followed for 1 year with thyroid function tests,
      serum lipid measurements, basal metabolic rate and systolic time interval
      determinations, and a questionnaire on hypothyroid symptoms. The placebo group
      showed no changes in thyroid function or peripheral indices of thyroid hormone
      action. In the thyroxine-treated group, serum lipids and the mean systolic time
      interval did not change, but the systolic time intervals became normal in the 5
      patients with the most abnormal baseline values. Symptoms improved in 8 of 14
      patients receiving thyroxine and in 3 of 12 patients receiving placebo (p less
      than 0.05). L-Thyroxine therapy may be useful for patients with subclinical
      hypothyroidism with abnormal myocardial contractility or symptoms consistent with
      mild hypothyroidism, or both.

PMID- 6428291
TI  - Environmental iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone
      therapy.
AB  - Amiodarone, an iodine-containing drug used frequently in the treatment of cardiac
      arrhythmias and angina pectoris, has many effects on thyroid hormone metabolism,
      including decreasing the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and decreasing the
      clearance of thyroxine and reverse T3. These effects result in elevated serum
      thyroxine and reverse T3 concentrations and decreased serum T3 concentrations. In
      addition, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may occur in patients
      chronically treated with amiodarone. This study is a retrospective analysis of
      the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in Lucca and Pisa, West Tuscany, Italy, and
      in Worcester, Massachusetts. Hyperthyroidism was a more frequent (9.6%)
      complication of amiodarone therapy in West Tuscany, where iodine intake is
      moderately low; hypothyroidism was more frequent (22%) in Worcester, where iodine
      intake is sufficient. In patients receiving chronic amiodarone therapy,
      clinically suspected hyperthyroidism is best confirmed by showing elevations in
      serum T3 or free T3 concentrations; hypothyroidism is best diagnosed by showing
      an elevated serum thyrotrophin concentration. Thyroid function should be
      carefully monitored in patients receiving amiodarone chronically, especially if
      they have goiter or Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PMID- 6428292
TI  - Red cell deformability as a criterion of surface hemorheological changes:
      clinical and pharmacological approaches.

PMID- 6428293
TI  - Effects of facial nerve compression on the stapedial nerve.
AB  - A series of experiments on guinea pigs was conducted to determine the prognostic
      dependability of the stapedial reflex measurement in Bell's palsy. Comparison of
      the threshold of evoked electromyographic response of the stapedius muscle with
      that of the orbicularis oris muscle revealed that the stapedial nerve had a lower
      excitability than did the nerve innervating the orbicularis oris muscle. This
      lower excitability correlates with the histological finding that the stapedial
      nerve fibers have a smaller average diameter. The results indicate the resistance
      of the stapedial nerve to injury of the facial nerve. Functional recovery after
      cramping of the facial nerve tended to occur later in the stapedial nerve than in
      the nerve innervating the orbicularis oris muscle. The resistance of the
      stapedial nerve and the longer period required to recover function in this nerve
      were factors influencing the prognostic ambiguity of this test.

PMID- 6428294
TI  - [Efficacy of a nitroglycerin spray. Hemodynamic and left ventricular angiographic
      comparison with nitroglycerin tablets].

PMID- 6428295
TI  - Strategies for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis.
AB  - Hepatitis is a common and potentially serious adverse effect of blood
      transfusion. A large number of strategies have been developed or proposed to
      reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). The education of
      physicians regarding the risks of hemotherapy and the judicious use of blood must
      be the cornerstone of any substantial reduction in PTH. The use of volunteer
      rather than paid donors is associated with a much reduced incidence of PTH.
      Deferral of donors implicated in PTH is also helpful. Other proposed strategies
      include donor alanine amino-transferase levels, donor anti-HBc testing, the
      provision of immune globulin to recipients, and the inactivation, removal, or
      immune neutralization of the virus from blood products. In the absence of a blood
      substitute, autologous transfusion is an excellent means of improving transfusion
      safety. The incidence of PTH type B should decrease as an increasing proportion
      of donors and recipients are immunized by vaccine and as increasingly sensitive
      tests for HBsAg become available. The development of a serologic test and vaccine
      for non-A, non-B hepatitis would be outstanding accomplishments, but their
      absence underscores the need to pursue vigorously other means of reducing the
      incidence of the disease.

PMID- 6428296
TI  - Role of hydrophobicity in adherence of gram negative bacteria to epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Agglutination of yeast, human group A and guinea pig erythrocytes by multiple
      clinical isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa was investigated
      and correlated with hydrophobicity measurements of each bacterial strain.
      Hydrophobicity of the isolates, as measured by hydrophobic interaction
      chromatography, was similarly correlated with in vitro adherence of the
      microorganisms to buccal epithelial cells. Agglutination and adherence studies
      were done in the presence and absence of 0.046 M D (+) mannose. Results showed a
      wide variability of these parameters among the three general of bacteria.
      Although E. coli designated mannose sensitive by agglutination showed
      significantly greater hydrophobicity and attachment to buccal cells, there was no
      direct correlation between hydrophobic retention and adherence to epithelial
      cells (p greater than 0.5). As a group, K pneumoniae strains adhered in higher
      numbers than other gram negative species, but this was unrelated to the
      hydrophobicity or the designated mannose sensitive/mannose resistant adhesin
      status of the strain. P. aeruginosa isolates failed to agglutinate yeast and
      erythrocytes and also adhered poorly to buccal cells. A relationship between
      bacterial hydrophobicity and in vitro adherence was not found.

PMID- 6428297
TI  - Dietary protein-dependent modification of serum cholesterol level in rats.
      Significance of the arginine/lysine ratio.
AB  - Male rats were fed for 4 weeks cholesterol-free diets containing proteins from
      different sources, milk, fish, egg yolk, soybean, rice and peanut. The
      antihypercholesterolemic effect of vegetable proteins compared to animal proteins
      was certified. There was a negative correlation (gamma = -0.74) between the serum
      cholesterol level and the arginine/lysine ratio of dietary protein, suggesting a
      role of this ratio in determining the serum cholesterol level. In general, the
      fasting level of circulating insulin was lower whereas that of glucagon was
      higher on feeding vegetable proteins, thus resulting in a fall of the
      insulin/glucagon ratio. Changes in the hormonal status may be relevant to the
      protein effect.

PMID- 6428298
TI  - Clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde pulpotomies in primary teeth.

PMID- 6428299
TI  - The effect of pH and concentration on the glutaraldehyde fixation of bovine pulp.
      An in vitro study.

PMID- 6428300
TI  - Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism.

PMID- 6428301
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of PCBs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of PCBs are complicated by numerous factors, not the least
      of which is the existence of up to 209 different chlorinated biphenyls. Whereas
      all PCB congeners are highly lipophilic and most are readily absorbed and rapidly
      distributed to all tissues, PCBs are cleared from tissues at very different
      rates, and the same congeners may be cleared at different rates by different
      species. With the exception of special situations in which PCBs may be passively
      eliminated in lipid sinks, e.g. milk or eggs, clearance is minimal prior to
      metabolism to more polar compounds. Rates of PBC metabolism vary greatly with
      species and with the degree and positions of chlorination. Mammals metabolize
      these compounds most rapidly, but even among mammalian species rates of
      metabolism vary greatly. In all species studied, the more readily metabolized
      chlorinated biphenyls have adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms in the 3-4
      positions. Congeners that do not have adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms may be
      metabolized very slowly and are therefore cleared very slowly. These PCBs not
      readily cleared concentrate in adipose tissue. A physiologic pharmacokinetic
      model best illustrates how the concentrations of PCBs in all tissues approach
      equilibrium with the blood and with one another. Thus, the model illustrates how
      a depot of PCBs in any tissue, e.g. adipose tissue, will result in exposure of
      all tissues in proportion to the respective tissue/blood ratios and the body
      burden. The disposition of a number of PCBs in the rate has been accurately
      described by a physiologic model, and the model has been extrapolated to predict
      the disposition of these same PCBs in the mouse (58). Therefore, the physiologic
      pharmacokinetic model is believed to offer the best opportunity to extrapolate
      data obtained with laboratory animals to predict the disposition of PCBs in other
      species, including man. Most of the parameters of a model of PCB disposition in
      man are available or could be estimated. The major limitation to the construction
      of such a model is the absence of accurate estimates of metabolic clearance of
      individual PCBs by man. Accurate estimates of metabolic clearance depend on
      development of suitable in vitro methods to accurately predict clearance in vivo.

PMID- 6428302
TI  - [Effect of the pH of the medium and of temperature on tylosin stability].
AB  - The stability of tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic, in solutions with varying pH
      and temperature was determined quantitatively. It was shown that tylosin was the
      most stable at pH about 3.5 and 9.0, which corresponded to the salt and
      nondissociated forms of the substance. Outside these stability ranges significant
      inactivation of the antibiotic was observed. The inactivation markedly increased
      with an increase in the temperature level and the exposure period. Satisfactory
      correlation between the data on microbiological and spectrophotometric
      determinations of tylosin in solutions is indicative of the advisability of the
      use of spectrophotometry in production of tylosin.

PMID- 6428303
TI  - [Screening of effective agents for decreasing microorganism resistance to
      antibiotics].
AB  - The effect of bile acids on antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus,
      Proteus, E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa isolated from patients with different
      purulent inflammatory processes was studied. It was shown in vitro that
      glycocholic and deoxycholic acids lowered the resistance of the above
      microorganisms to some antibiotics. The exposure of the staphylococcal strains to
      deoxycholic or glycocholic acid lowered their resistance to streptomycin,
      neomycin and kanamycin on the average by 75-150, 125-500 and 55-60 times,
      respectively. The same tendency was observed in the penicillin and erythromycin
      resistant strains. A 2-hour incubation of E. coli strains in the presence of
      glycocholic or deoxycholic acid resulted in a decrease in the MIC of polymyxin B
      from 312.5 to 1.6 or 3.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. These acids increased
      bacterial sensitivity to streptomycin, chloramphenicol and neomycin by 8-16, 10
      20 and 40-80 times, respectively. The effect of the bile acids on the resistant
      strains of E. coli and Proteus was less pronounced. It was shown that glycocholic
      and deoxycholic acids were able to inhibit the activity of staphylococcal beta
      lactamase.

PMID- 6428304
TI  - [Biological characteristics of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis].
AB  - Eleven rifampicin resistant variants were obtained in vitro from rifampicin
      sensitive strains of M. tuberculosis. It was shown that the in-vitro development
      of the resistance to rifampicin was of the one-stage phenomenon type. The study
      on the morphological, tinctorial and cultural properties, catalase activity, cord
      factor and toxicity showed their identity in the initial rifampicin sensitive
      strains and the rifampicin resistant variants. The virulence of the rifampicin
      resistant variants for albino rats and rabbits did not significantly change
      either.

PMID- 6428305
TI  - [Protoplast isolation from a nisin-forming culture of Streptococcus lactis strain
      MGU].
AB  - A procedure for protoplasts of Str. lactis producing nisin was developed. The
      following lysing factors were used for obtaining the protoplasts: lycozyme, LE
      enzyme, lysosubtilin and an enzyme isolated from the culture fluid A. levoris.
      The use of the above factors in different combinations provided an increase in
      the number of the formed protoplasts from 1-2 in the field of the microscope
      vision to 15-20, which amounted to 25 per cent of the total number of the cells
      visible under microscope.

PMID- 6428306
TI  - Comparative efficacies of mezlocillin and ampicillin alone or in combination with
      gentamicin in the treatment of Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis in rabbits.
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo activities of mezlocillin and ampicillin, alone and in
      combination with gentamicin, against Streptococcus faecalis were compared. In
      vitro, relative bactericidal and activities for 10 strains of S. faecalis were as
      follows: mezlocillin plus gentamicin greater than ampicillin plus gentamicin (P
      is not significant) greater than mezlocillin (P less than 0.01) greater than
      ampicillin (P less than 0.01) greater than gentamicin (P less than 0.01) greater
      than control (P less than 0.01). One of the strains was used to induce
      endocarditis in rabbits. Infected rabbits were treated by random selection with
      ampicillin, mezlocillin, ampicillin plus gentamicin, mezlocillin plus gentamicin,
      or saline (control) for 7 days. Among antibiotic-treated rabbits, survival rates
      were the same, but ampicillin was less effective than the other regimens in
      sterilizing both blood cultures (P less than 0.001 on day 4) and cardiac
      vegetations (P less than 0.05 on day 7). Differences in quantitative vegetation
      cultures among rabbits treated with mezlocillin, mezlocillin plus gentamicin, or
      ampicillin plus gentamicin and sacrificed on day 7 were not significantly
      different. Peak inhibitory and bactericidal antibacterial activity titers in
      serum determined during treatment were higher with mezlocillin (with or without
      gentamicin) than with ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) (P less than 0.01).
      Mezlocillin may be more effective than ampicillin in the treatment of S. faecalis
      infections in humans.

PMID- 6428307
TI  - Rosoxacin in the therapy of uncomplicated gonorrhea.
AB  - In this randomized, multicentered study, 157 males and 130 females with
      laboratory-confirmed, uncomplicated anogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections
      were evaluated to determine the efficacy and safety of a single 300-mg oral dose
      of rosoxacin versus 3.5 g of ampicillin plus 1 g of probenecid. A total of 130
      males and 101 females were evaluated. Rosoxacin cured 90.3% (P = 0.053) and 94.1%
      (P = 0.62), respectively, whereas ampicillin was effective in 98.5 and 98% of
      males and females, respectively. All 39 patients with anorectal infections were
      cured. One penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strain was isolated and was
      eradicated with rosoxacin. Of 212 pretreatment isolates tested, 201 were
      inhibited by 0.06 micrograms or less of rosoxacin per ml. The MICs of rosoxacin
      for the remaining 11 isolates ranged up to 0.5 micrograms/ml. The incidence of
      adverse effects was relatively high (29% for the rosoxacin group versus 18% for
      the ampicillin group), but none of the reactions required medical intervention
      nor did they result in serious sequelae.

PMID- 6428308
TI  - In vitro comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with various
      susceptibilities to aminoglycosides and ten beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - Susceptibilities of 98 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including 33
      strains with known mechanisms of amikacin resistance, were tested by the agar
      dilution method against 10 beta-lactam drugs. Ceftazidime, imipenem, and
      cefsulodin had the greatest activity, regardless of the aminoglycoside
      susceptibilities. The strains which were highly resistant to amikacin appeared to
      be less susceptible to some beta-lactam drugs, especially if their resistance was
      related to amikacin-inactivating enzymes; statistical significance, however, was
      observed for aztreonam only.

PMID- 6428309
TI  - Susceptibilities of enterococci to twelve antibiotics.
AB  - The susceptibilities of 347 urine isolates of enterococci (Streptococcus
      faecalis, 44%; S. faecalis subsp. zymogenes, 37%; S. faecalis subsp.
      liquefaciens, 19%) to ampicillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin,
      vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, rosaramicin, rifampin, rifampin plus
      trimethoprim (1:4), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1:20), and chloramphenicol
      were determined by the agar dilution technique. There were no significant
      differences in susceptibility to individual agents among the subspecies of S.
      faecalis. Azlocillin and mezlocillin (MIC for 90% of isolates, 0.78
      micrograms/ml) and piperacillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin (MIC for 90% of
      isolates, 1.56 micrograms/ml) were the most active agents and were significantly
      more potent than the other reference antibiotics tested.

PMID- 6428310
TI  - In vitro synergistic activities of aminoglycosides and new beta-lactams against
      multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The in vitro interactions between amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin,
      and various antipseudomonal beta-lactams were studied by the agar dilution
      checkerboard technique against 30 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to all
      tested antibiotics. Amikacin produced more frequent synergy both at the total and
      clinically applicable level. Among the beta-lactams, clinically relevant
      synergistic interactions were obtained in the following order: ceftazidime and
      ceftriaxone greater than moxalactam greater than aztreonam greater than
      cefotaxime greater than azlocillin greater than cefoperazone greater than
      cefsulodin greater than carbenicillin.

PMID- 6428311
TI  - Effect of synthetic protease inhibitors of the amidine type on cell injury by
      Rickettsia rickettsii.
AB  - To evaluate the importance of proteolytic activity in the pathogenesis of cell
      injury by Rickettsia rickettsii, a series of four aromatic amidine inhibitors of
      trypsin-like proteases were introduced into the plaque model. The compounds were
      shown to be active toward plaque reduction with their order of effectiveness
      parallel to their antitrypsin activity. One of the compounds, bis(5-amidino-2
      benzimidazolyl)-methane, at a concentration of 10(-5) M demonstrated complete
      inhibition of plaque formation on day 6. Bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane
      at the same concentration reduced cell injury even when added to the system after
      72 h of rickettsial infection. The reduction in morbidity in guinea pigs
      experimentally infected with R. rickettsii and treated with bis(5-amidino-2
      benzimidazolyl)methane as compared with morbidity in infected, untreated animals,
      comprised delay in the onset of fever and slightly fewer febrile animals. Because
      bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane had no effect on phospholipase A2, the
      enzyme activity associated with penetration-induced cell injury, it is likely
      that a trypsin-like protease also plays an essential role either in the
      physiology of R. rickettsii or as its pathogenic mechanism.

PMID- 6428312
TI  - Synergistic antibacterial activity between L-norvalyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic
      acid and nocardicin A.
AB  - The phosphonopeptide L- norvalyl -L-1- aminoethylphosphonic acid [ Nva -Ala(P)]
      has been studied in combination with 12 beta-lactam antibiotics for activity
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nocardicin A was found to give the most potent
      synergistic combination with Nva -Ala(P). This interaction was widely observed in
      clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in vitro and in a mouse septicemia model.
      Synergy was also observed in vitro and in vivo in several other species,
      including Proteus mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp., and Serratia
      marcescens. The interaction between Nva -Ala(P) and nocardicin A involved a
      strongly bacteriolytic mechanism. In addition, the individual components were
      complementary to one another in their action against organisms not showing
      synergy. These properties resulted in a broad spectrum of activity of the
      combination Nva -Ala(P) plus nocardicin A when used to treat experimental gram
      negative bacterial infections.

PMID- 6428313
TI  - Enhancement of copper toxicity by siderophores in Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - Chelation of copper by siderophores enhanced the toxicity of copper for Bacillus
      megaterium. Although this antibacterial activity appeared to be rapidly
      bactericidal, it could be partly reversed by addition of deferrisiderophore , or
      of ferrisiderophore at high concentration, immediately after exposure of cells to
      the cupric-siderophore complex.

PMID- 6428314
TI  - Disturbance in responsiveness in patients with post-meningoencephalitic epilepsy.
AB  - A polygraphic study of the somatic, autonomic and electroencephalographic (EEG)
      components of the orienting reaction elicited by an auditory stimulus was
      performed in 29 patients with post-meningoencephalitic epilepsy and in 116
      matched subjects in three control groups. Patients with post-meningoencephalitic
      epilepsy had a significantly more intense orienting reaction than control
      subjects, the degree depending on the seizure frequency, electroclinical form and
      history, as well as on the features of the EEG.

PMID- 6428315
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation of the human olfactory mucosa.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the human olfactory mucosa was performed by means of an
      electrode attached to a rhinoscope . Stimulation of the nasal mucosa did not
      evoke smell sensations, but suppressed smell sensations of presented odorants.
      When electrical stimulation followed the exposure to an odorant within a certain
      interval, the stimulus recalled the already faded sensation of the preceding
      odorant. Electrical stimulation without prior natural stimulation produced
      unpleasant sensations in 3 patients with a history of temporal lobe seizures and
      olfactory auras , but not in patients with primary, generalized or focal
      epilepsy.

PMID- 6428316
TI  - On the interaction of adriamycin with DNA: investigation of spectral changes.
AB  - The aerobic reduction of adriamycin by NADPH-cytochrome c
      (ferredoxin)oxidoreductase was determined spectrophotometrically and found to
      consist of an initial slow phase, followed by a rapid stage. Superoxide was found
      to play a role in the reduction of the quinone drug only during the first phase.
      The second, faster stage of the reaction was not inhibited by superoxide
      dismutase, apparently due to the decreased oxygen tension in the reaction
      cuvette. When adriamycin was fully bound to DNA, no direct reduction by the
      enzymatic system was observed. However, in the presence of a superoxide
      generating system, reduction of the adriamycin-DNA complex did occur.

PMID- 6428317
TI  - Further studies of the structure of human placental acid alpha-glucosidase.
AB  - Acid alpha-glucosidase has been purified from human placenta to a specific
      activity of approximately 6800, (4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucoside as a
      substrate) or 55,400 mumol g-1 min-1 (glycogen or maltose as substrate). The
      purified enzyme gives rise to multiple protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), i.e., a major doublet of 82K and
      69K , a minor doublet of 25K and 21K , and a faint band of 100K. All of the
      molecular weight species stained as glycoproteins with an intensity apparently
      proportional to their protein content, and were present in enzyme from
      individuals homozygous for the allozyme alpha-Glu 1. Isoelectric focusing
      revealed only enzymatically active proteins which, when analysed by SDS-PAGE,
      gave rise to multiple molecular weight species. Chromatography of I125-labeled,
      purified enzyme on Bio-Gel P-100 revealed only a radiolabeled, high-molecular
      weight species which corresponded with enzyme activity. These findings suggest
      that, in the native state, the mature enzyme exists as a high-molecular-weight
      species, which is dissociable in SDS to several low-molecular-weight species.
      These results are consistent with reports that a 100K primary product of
      translation is post-translationally modified to yield polypeptides of lower
      molecular weights, and that all of the molecular species are absent in cells
      genetically deficient for acid alpha-glucosidase. The possibility that the low
      molecular-weight (20- 25K ) protein bands in SDS-gels corresponded to a
      previously reported low-molecular-weight species generated by treatment with
      guanidine-HCl was investigated. The I125-labeled, purified acid maltase was
      dissociated by guanidine into two equal peaks of approximately 64K and 28K
      molecular weight. Surprisingly, both peaks, when analyzed on SDS-gels, yielded
      identical and equally intensely staining bands of 64K molecular weight. These
      results suggest that the mature acid alpha-glucosidase is made up of polypeptides
      which are bonded in the native state by at least two different types of
      interaction, one type which is dissociable in SDS and one type which is
      dissociable in guanidine but not in SDS. The nature and possible function of the
      25K polypeptide generated only by guanidine-HCl remains to be determined.

PMID- 6428318
TI  - Synthesis of affinity-label chelates: a novel synthetic method of coupling
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to amine functional groups.
AB  - An affinity-label chelate for the enzyme trypsin was synthesized by a novel
      synthetic technique which takes advantage of the presence of a dangling
      carboxylate arm in the [Co(EDTA)Cl]2- complex anion. The dangling carboxylate
      group was coupled to the amino group of p-aminobenzamidine, an effective
      inhibitor of trypsin activity, via the carbodiimmide reaction to produce a
      trypsin affinity label at one end and a strong EDTA-like chelating agent at the
      other, coupled through an amide bond. The cobalt ion can be removed if desired by
      reduction with Fe2+ + ascorbate, and alternate metal ions inserted in its place.
      The reaction is general, and affinity labels which contain amino groups can be
      easily coupled via this procedure, allowing the introduction of a paramagnetic or
      fluorescent probe into a protein or nucleotide system. The same method has been
      used to prepare a highly effective chelating gel which is capable of removing
      calcium and lanthanide ions from the binding protein parvalbumin.

PMID- 6428319
TI  - Purification and immunochemical characterization of a low-pI form of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase from mouse liver.
AB  - A liver UDP glucuronosyltransferase (GT) enzyme from either phenobarbital- or 3
      methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6N mice was isolated by phenyl-Sepharose, DEAE
      ion exchange, and UDP hexanolamine chromatographic steps. This enzyme had a broad
      substrate specificity and was mainly responsible for the microsomal capacity to
      glucuronidate testosterone, 1-naphthol, and morphine. This UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase ( GTM1 ) appeared to be at least 95% homogeneous and had
      a subunit molecular weight of 51,000 using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel and two-dimensional gel electrophoreses. Antibodies prepared against the
      purified protein developed a single immunoprecipitin line by double-diffusion
      analysis with purified antigen and with solubilized microsomes from both control
      and drug-induced C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mice. A precipitin line was also observed
      with microsomal proteins which isoelectrofocused at approximately pH 6.7, but not
      with those which isoelectrofocused at approximately pH 8.5. GTM1 was, therefore,
      designated at low-pI form. Immunopurified antibody preferentially inhibited and
      immunoprecipitated GT activities toward testosterone, 1-naphthol, and morphine.
      To a lesser extent, activities toward phenolphthalein, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene,
      and estrone were inhibited while activities toward 4-nitrophenol and 4
      methylumbelliferone were not affected. All activities, however, were
      immunoadsorbed in the presence of protein A-Sepharose. This observation can be
      explained by the following results. Immunoprecipitates from labeled microsomes
      contained primarily a 51,000-Da protein. When the immune complexes were adsorbed
      with protein A-Sepharose, a 54,000-Da protein as well as the expected 51,000-Da
      GTM1 was detected. This 54,000-Da protein was associated with the glucuronidation
      of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and 4-nitrophenol, and was designated GTM2 .

PMID- 6428320
TI  - [A combination therapy for hypopharyngeal cancer].
AB  - A combination of induction chemotherapy, radical surgery with primary
      reconstruction of the cervical esophagus and postoperative chemo-radiotherapy has
      been utilized in our department for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer since
      January, 1983. Until then, preoperative chemoradiotherapy up to 4600 rads had
      been the policy of choice and satisfactory effect was not always obtained patho
      histologically , though remarkable reduction of tumor was observed in many cases
      macroscopically. Radical surgery such as total laryngopharyngectomy with
      bilateral neck dissection followed by primary reconstruction using the pectoralis
      major myocutaneous flap is the procedure of choice. The myocutaneous flap is the
      procedure of choice. The myocutaneous flap technique is advisable in most cases,
      facilitating earlier use of post-operative chemoradiotherapy. Induction
      chemotherapy currently used in our department consists of sequential use of FT
      207, ADR, MMC, Pepleomycin and then MMC again (FAM-PM).

PMID- 6428321
TI  - [Joint clinical Phase II study of SF-SP].
AB  - A clinical Phase II study on a new type of anti-malignant tumor agent 1-(2
      tetrahydrofuryl) 5-fluorouracil (SF-SP) encapsulated with slow releasing granules
      has been performed by the Tokyo cancer chemotherapy joint study group. Sixty-five
      patients out of 81 were evaluable for response by criteria of Saito and Koyama 's
      clinical evaluation. The partial response rate was obtained in 21.5% of evaluable
      patients and better than that of FT-207 observed by the same group. More
      effective rates in colon and breast cancer were obtained by SF-SP as compared
      with FT-207. The optimal dosage was considered to be between 17 mg/kg and 24
      mg/kg. The side effects of this therapy were encountered in 33.3% (27 of 81
      cases) of patients and were less gastrointestinal disturbance and bone marrow
      depression than in FT-207 treatment. The effective responses were demonstrated
      even in patients with previous therapy by 5-FU, FT-207, or HCFU.

PMID- 6428322
TI  - [Combination chemotherapy of CIS-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and
      fluoropyrimidine derivatives for advanced gastric cancer: a preliminary report].
AB  - A total of thirteen patients with histologically-proved adenocarcinoma of stomach
      took part in this study at Saitama Cancer Center between July 1982 and September
      1983; nine patients were considered evaluable. There were 7 male and 2 female
      patients with a median age of 52 yrs (range 42-75) and a median performance
      status of 3 (range 2-4). Patients were treated with a two drug combination of cis
      diammine dichloroplatinum (II) and fluoropyrimidine derivatives (tegafur,
      cormobur ). Three out of 9 evaluable patients (33.3%) had a partial response
      which lasted 10 months. 6+ months, and 5+ months, respectively. The major toxic
      effect was a gastrointestinal symptom which was generally manageable.
      Myelosuppression was mild.

PMID- 6428323
TI  - [Antitumor effect of new lymphokine OH-1 on BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung
      carcinoma].
AB  - Antitumor effect of new lymphokine extracted from BALL-1 cells derived from human
      acute lymphocytic leukemia was investigated using BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung
      carcinoma. This antitumor lymphokine is called OH-1. The antitumor effect of OK-1
      on transplanted main tumor was great, but less effective than cyclophosphamide.
      However, the antitumor effect on OH-1 on metastatic tumor was comparably high as
      with cyclophosphamide, both macroscopically and functionally.

PMID- 6428324
TI  - [Combined therapy with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and mitomycin C].
AB  - An attempt was made to analyse tumor growth after cessation of combined therapy
      with the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)
      and methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), as well as mitomycin C (MMC). DFMO
      1000 mg/kg, MGBG 50 mg/kg and/or MMC 2 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally to
      BALB/c nu/nu mice xenotransplanted human gastric cancer, and its growth as well
      as DNA biosynthesis were measured daily, after cessation of these combined
      treatments. Histological observation of the tumor was also performed by
      hematoxylin-eosin staining. The combination with DFMO and MGBG stunted tumor
      growth during the treatment, but 3 days later its growth and DNA biosynthesis
      were accelerated distinctly. MMC injection halted tumor growth, and 5 days after
      termination of MMC injection its growth rate and DNA biosynthesis almost
      completely recovered. The microscopic findings on the 4th day after termination
      of MMC injection were similar to those of DFMO + MGBG treatment. The combination
      DFMO, MGBG and MMC suppressed not only tumor growth during the treatment, but
      also tumor growth and DNA biosynthesis over 7 days. The histologic observation 4
      days later revealed extensive damage.

PMID- 6428325
TI  - [Phase II study of UFT for malignant tumors of urinary organs].
AB  - Phase II Study of UFT was performed in 59 patients with malignant tumors of
      urinary organs in 5 Cooperative Study Institutions. Forty-nine patients out of 59
      were evaluable for response according to Koyama -Saito's criteria. Complete
      response (CR) was recorded in 7 patients, partial response (PR) in 3, minor
      response in 2, no change in 27 and progressive disease in 10, respectively. The
      overall response rate was 20.4%. The response classified in terms of tumor type
      was as follows: 4 CR and 2 PR of 23 patients with bladder tumor, response rate of
      26.1%; 1 CR and 2 PR of 10 patients with renal tumor, response rate of 30.0%; 1
      CR of 12 patients with prostatic tumor, response rate of 8.3%. Side effects
      occurred in 22 (41.5%) out of 53 patients. The high incidence was mainly
      concerned with GI toxicity such as anorexia (24.5%), nausea and vomiting (9.4%),
      general malaise (9.4%), diarrhea (3.8%) and stomatitis (3.8%), respectively.
      Renal function disorder was not induced, and marrow depression and hepatic
      function disorder occurred at low frequency (1 case each).

PMID- 6428326
TI  - [Effect of combination chemotherapy of nitrosourea MCNU with various anti-tumor
      agents].
AB  - The combination chemotherapy of water-soluble nitrosourea MCNU with various anti
      tumor agents was studied using L1210 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma and B16
      melanoma. The combinations of MCNU with 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside,
      adriamycin, mitomycin C, carboquone or cyclophosphamide produced significantly
      enhanced anti-tumor effects in L1210 leukemia. By combination with
      antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil or cytosine arabinoside, marked anti-tumor
      effects were observed over a wide range of dosage. It was suggested that 2-drug
      combination of MCNU plus 5-fluorouracil or 3-drug combination of MCNU plus 5
      fluorouracil and adriamycin was useful in Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma.
      From these results, it was recognized that the multiple drug combination
      chemotherapy of MCNU was therapeutically useful, when given with 5-fluorouracil
      or cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 6428327
TI  - Small bowel function in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - Small bowel function before, during, and after treatment for acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia was studied in 26 children. A significant impairment of D-xylose
      absorption was found during treatment. Permeability studies showed a significant
      decrease in mannitol and a significant increase in lactulose concentrations; five
      of 20 children tested had evidence of lactose malabsorption, three of whom were
      symptomatic. Intestinal function abnormalities were greater in children whose
      methotrexate treatments were separated by 7 day than by 16 day intervals. Only
      five (19%) children had no abnormal tests. Abnormalities of small bowel function
      may be treatment induced and this has implications for morbidity from
      gastrointestinal symptoms, impairment of the mucosal barrier, and malabsorption
      of both nutrients and drugs leading to malnutrition and suboptimal drug
      concentrations.

PMID- 6428328
TI  - Fat loss during feeding of human milk.
AB  - A rise in the fat concentration of human milk within the syringe was noted
      towards the end of continuous infusion but not with intermittent bolus gastric
      feeding. The rise in the former was reduced most simply and effectively by using
      an eccentric nozzle syringe and tilting the pump up at an angle of between 25
      degrees and 40 degrees.

PMID- 6428329
TI  - Severe ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Two and a half years' survival with
      normal development.
AB  - The clinical course and management of a boy with severe ornithine
      transcarbamylase deficiency are described. In addition to treatment with sodium
      benzoate and amino acid keto analogues, mannitol may be useful in hyperammonaemia
      and nocturnal gavage feeding aids maintenance treatment.

PMID- 6428330
TI  - The effect of 2 mg estradiol-17 beta plus 1 mg estriol, sequentially combined
      with 1 mg norethisteroneacetate, on LH, FSH, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone,
      testosterone and prolactin after ovariectomy.
AB  - The object of the study was to see whether maintenance of serum estradiol levels
      corresponding to the early and mid-follicular phase can prevent the gonadotrophin
      increase following ovariectomy. We also wanted to study the effect on LH and FSH
      of an additional dose of 1 mg dose of 1 mg norethisterone acetate administered
      for 10 days during each month. In 22 women with normal cycles 1 mg of estradiol
      benzoate was injected i.m. at the time of ovariectomy. From the first post
      operative day onwards they received daily doses of 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg
      estriol in the form of micronized tablets. From the 41st to the 50th day and
      again from the 69th to the 78th day the patients received additional daily doses
      of 1 mg norethisterone acetate. LH, FSH, estradiol-17 beta, (E2) progesterone
      (P), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL) were measured in intervals of 2-17
      days. Even though the estradiol mean values remained constant in the range of 65
      115 pg throughout the period under observation, the LH mean levels increased
      continuously from 8 to a maximum of 23.9 mU/ml, and the FSH mean level from a pre
      operative value of 6-48.0 mU/ml on the 85th day. On the 7th day after the last
      administration of norethisterone acetate LH was slightly depressed while FSH
      continued to rise slightly. Both FSH and LH are negatively correlated with E2 and
      this inverse correlation becomes even more pronounced the more time has elapsed
      after surgery. These findings suggest that not only the estrogens inhibit FSH and
      LH but also other steroids and/or nonsteroidal ovarian inhibiting factors.

PMID- 6428331
TI  - 100 patient-years of ambulatory home total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - More than 100 patient-years' experience has been acquired in the treatment of 133
      patients with ambulatory home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) between May 1974
      and December 1983. Indications for chronic or permanent home TPN include short
      bowel syndrome, malabsorption, scleroderma, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      syndrome. Indications for acute or temporary home TPN include Crohn's disease,
      malignancies, gastrointestinal fistulas, ulcerative colitis, anorexia nervosa,
      and numerous other disorders. Eighty-two patients in the acute group were treated
      primarily with percutaneously placed standard subclavian catheters and 51
      patients in the chronic group have been treated thus far with implanted silicone
      rubber, Dacron-cuffed catheters for a cumulative total of 38,939 patient days. Of
      the 125 implanted catheters, 115 were placed in the superior vena cava and ten in
      the inferior vena cava for an average duration of 250 catheter-days, the longest
      single catheter remaining in situ for more than 8 1/2 years. Catheter-related
      sepsis occurred 33 times with the implanted catheters, or once every 2.6 catheter
      years. One hundred and fourteen temporary catheters were placed percutaneously in
      the superior vena cava via a subclavian vein for an average duration of 68 days,
      the longest single catheter remaining in situ for 213 days. Catheter-related
      sepsis occurred seven times, equivalent to one episode per 3 catheter-years.
      Total catheter-related complications were quite infrequent and were directly
      related to duration of catheterization. They included venous thrombosis (12),
      clotted catheter (11), catheter failure or rupture (8), catheter compression (5)
      and inadvertent catheter removal (4). Twenty-six catheters were repaired or
      spliced in situ when the external segment was accidentally damaged or
      deteriorated secondary to long-term material fatigue. One remarkable patient has
      been maintained exclusively by TPN originally as an inpatient and subsequently as
      an outpatient for the entire 13 years of his life.

PMID- 6428333
TI  - Total parental nutrition.

PMID- 6428332
TI  - Metabolic intervention to affect myocardial recovery following ischemia.
AB  - Myocardial recovery during reperfusion following ischemia is critical to patient
      survival in a broad spectrum of clinical settings. Myocardial functional recovery
      following ischemia correlates well with recovery of myocardial adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP). Adenosine triphosphate recovery is uniformly incomplete
      during reperfusion following moderate ischemic injury and is therefore subject to
      manipulation by metabolic intervention. By definition ATP recovery is limited
      either by (1) energy availability and application in the phosphorylation of
      adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP or (2) availability of AMP for this
      conversion. Experimental data suggest that substrate energy and the mechanisms
      required for its application in the creation of high energy phosphate bonds (AMP
      conversion to ATP) are more than adequate during reperfusion following moderate
      ischemic injury. Adenosine monophosphate availability, however, is inadequate
      following ischemia due to loss of diffusable adenine nucleotide purine
      metabolites. These purine precursors are necessary to fuel adenine nucleotide
      salvage pathways. Metabolic interventions that enhance AMP recovery rather than
      those that improve substrate energy availability during reperfusion are therefore
      recommended. The mechanisms of various metabolic interventions are discussed in
      this framework along with the rationale for or against their clinical
      application.

PMID- 6428334
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy following previous abdominal surgery.
AB  - During a 36-month period, 89 patients have undergone percutaneous endoscopic
      gastrostomy without mortality. Of these patients, 25 (13 infants and children, 12
      adults) had prior abdominal procedures that increased their risk for the
      endoscopic procedure. With two exceptions, all gastrostomies were performed
      utilizing local anesthesia. There was one major complication, a gastrocolic
      fistula, which was successfully managed by repeating the endoscopic gastrostomy
      procedure at a location more cephalad in the stomach. Twenty-two of the
      gastrostomies were placed for feeding purposes and all of these patients were
      able to leave the hospital with alimentation accomplished via the tube. Three of
      the endoscopically placed gastrostomies were for gastrointestinal tract
      decompression. A total of 255 patient months have been accumulated in these
      patients with the endoscopically placed gastrostomy in situ. The technique can be
      safely performed in patients with prior abdominal surgery and in the majority of
      cases is the technique of choice for establishing a tube gastrostomy.

PMID- 6428335
TI  - Acute physiological changes following heart-lung allotransplantation in dogs.
AB  - The feasibility of clinical heart-lung transplantation requires a better
      understanding of the physiological consequences of the operation, heart-lung
      denervation, and the quality of graft preservation. An acute canine model was
      used to evaluate heart-lung function during the first 24 hours after
      transplantation. Measurements of cardiopulmonary dynamics were performed in 5
      donor animals and compared sequentially after transplantation in the respective
      recipients. Orthotopic allotransplantation was performed on cardiopulmonary
      bypass with moderate hypothermia after perfusion of both the heart and lung with
      a clinical cardioplegic solution (4 degrees C; potassium chloride, 30 mEq/L;
      mannitol, 20 gm/L). Postoperatively, the animals were ventilated continuously and
      anesthetized. Hemodynamic variables were monitored, and measurements were made of
      arterial and venous oxygen, carbon dioxide, saturation, and pulmonary mechanics.
      Cardiac output and a derived measurement of lung water were determined. Pulmonary
      vascular resistance, arteriovenous shunt, resistance, and compliance were
      calculated. At the termination of the experiment, significant differences were
      observed between donor and recipient lung-water levels (7.7 +/- 0.9 ml/kg versus
      12.0 +/- 3.1 ml/kg, respectively; p less than 0.05); 100% arterial oxygen tension
      (509 +/- 37 mm/Hg versus 227 +/- 114 mm/Hg, respectively; p less than 0.01); and
      pulmonary compliance (38 +/- 18 ml/cm H2O versus 11 +/- 4 ml/cm H2O,
      respectively; p less than 0.05). Arteriovenous shunt increased from 12.2 +/- 4 to
      16.5 +/- 5% (p = 0.2). This model evaluates the technique currently employed
      clinically and will be used in the future to compare methods of heart-lung
      preservation with the goal of allowing distant heart-lung procurement.

PMID- 6428336
TI  - Gas exchange and facilitation of high-frequency ventilation in intrathoracic
      surgery.
AB  - High-frequency ventilation (HFV) of the jet type was evaluated for facilitation
      of intrathoracic operations because HFV does not necessitate ventilatory movement
      of the lung and reduces the volume of the lung. The feasibility of HFV as a
      substitute for the current respiratory management of intermittent positive
      pressure ventilation (IPPV) was determined in 12 patients with cancer of the lung
      by employing two types of HFV-HFV alone (Group 1) and HFV on physiological dead
      space volume (VD) (Group 2). For the 6 patients in Group 1, HFV was set at a
      frequency of 3 Hz and a driving pressure of 0.5 kg/cm2. For the 6 patients in
      Group 2, HFV was set at 6 Hz with the same driving pressure but was superimposed
      on a small tidal volume equal to a dead space. High-frequency ventilation
      facilitated intrathoracic operations because of the disappearance of ventilatory
      movement and the reduced volume. No significant difference between the groups was
      found for arterial oxygen tension. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in
      patients in Group 1 remained in the normal range, although it was slightly
      acidotic. The PaCO2 in Group 2 was acidotic. Therefore, it was concluded that HFV
      alone can be substituted for IPPV in gas exchange and provides good accessibility
      to the operative field.

PMID- 6428337
TI  - [Evaluation of Salmonella 1977 to 1982].
AB  - Between 1977 and 1982, the National Center of Salmonella of the Institute Pasteur
      of Tunis has isolated; received and/or identified 1715 Salmonella strains. In
      typhoid and paratyphoid fevers group Salmonella typhi represent the predominant
      species with a frequency of 99.6%. In the enteric group, Salmonella wien is the
      most frequent (50,26%). 11 serotypes appeared in 1982, although 5 serotypes have
      not been met since 1977.

PMID- 6428338
TI  - Effects of indomethacin and naproxen on renal p-amino-hippurate (PAH) excretion
      in rats during postnatal development.
AB  - Effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and naproxen on renal PAH
      excretion were studied in volume-expanded and sodium-loaded, conscious rats of
      different ages. Indomethacin and naproxen reduce renal PAH excretion in 5- and 10
      day-old rats but not in rats of older ages. Findings can be explained by a
      decrease in glomerular filtration rate. In addition, a competitive inhibition of
      PAH transport by the organic acids indomethacin and naproxen must be mentioned.
      Until now it is not known whether or not there is a direct or indirect influence
      of prostaglandins on processes involved in tubular PAH transport.

PMID- 6428339
TI  - The vasopressor response to serotonin (5-HT) in rats; its dependency upon
      extracellular calcium.
AB  - In pithed rats it was investigated whether the serotonin-induced vasopressor
      response is affected by calcium entry blockers. Both verapamil isomers dose
      dependently inhibited the hypertensive response to i.v. serotonin, (-)-verapamil
      being about 10 times more potent. Flunarazine (3 mg/kg) and the dihydropyridine
      derivatives, nimodipine (0.3 mg/kg) and PY-108-068 (0.3 mg/kg) as well as Na2
      EDTA (120 mg/kg) were found ineffective. The doses of the calcium entry blockers
      and Na2-EDTA used cause a 70% reduction of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated
      vasopressor response in this model. In the isolated Tyrode-perfused hindquarters
      of the rat the flow reduction induced by serotonin is not altered by addition of
      10(-7) M of PY-108-068 or by the deletion of calcium from the perfusion fluid.
      The results indicate that an influx of extracellular calcium is not necessarily a
      prerequisite for the serotonin-induced constriction of the vessels which
      determines the peripheral vascular resistance or the reduction of flow. Both
      verapamil isomers displayed a considerable affinity for rat brain 5-HT2 receptors
      (identified by [3H]mianserin). It therefore seems likely that verapamil inhibits
      serotonin-induced vasopressor responses on the basis of a genuine receptor
      antagonism.

PMID- 6428340
TI  - Diagnostic dosages of protirelin (TRH) elevate BP by noncatecholamine mechanisms.
AB  - While performing thyroid function tests, we noticed that protirelin (TRH) raised
      BP, and, therefore, we investigated the effect of diagnostic dosages of
      protirelin (500 micrograms) on plasma catecholamine levels and cardiovascular
      function in eight patients one day before, one day after, and four weeks
      following heart surgery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma
      norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), dopamine (DA), thyroid hormone
      (triiodothyronine [T3], thyroxine), and thyrotropin (TSH) levels were measured
      before and after the intravenous injection of protirelin. Protirelin increased
      MAP transiently from 88 +/- 2 to 103 +/- 3 mm Hg (before surgery), 86 +/- 4 to
      102 +/- 4 mm Hg (one day after surgery), and 86 +/- 4 to 104 +/- 5 mm Hg (four
      weeks after surgery). There were no notable changes in HR or plasma NE, EPI, or
      DA levels. The T3 and TSH response to protirelin was normal on all three study
      days. Protirelin raised MAP by an effect on systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
      rather than an increase in cardiac output. We conclude the following: (1)
      diagnostic dosages of protirelin transiently elevate MAP and SVR by a
      noncatecholamine mechanism, (2) clinicians who perform protirelin tests should be
      aware of protirelin's transient pressor effects.

PMID- 6428341
TI  - Immobilization hypercalcemia in acute spinal cord injury treated with etidronate.
AB  - Hypercalcemia developed in a 30-year-old C5 quadriplegic six months after he
      received a gunshot wound in the cervical spine. Short-term treatment consisted of
      fluids and diuretics, but conventional drug therapy for long-term maintenance of
      normocalcemia was not effective. A regimen of etidronate disodium was then
      instituted, which resulted in normocalcemia. When use of this drug was
      discontinued at intervals during the therapy, the hypercalcemia recurred. The
      patient's condition was maintained on the etidronate regimen until full
      mobilization occurred, at which time the drug therapy was discontinued and
      normocalcemia persisted. This case represents, to our knowledge, the first
      reported success with the use of etidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia in
      the immobilized patient with acute spinal injury.

PMID- 6428342
TI  - Serum IgA and gold-induced toxic effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Serum Immunoglobulin concentrations were measured prospectively in 25 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis at months 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 of aurothloglucose
      treatment. Substantial lowering of IgA and IgM levels was found at month 3 and
      thereafter, and of IgG at month 12 only. When patients in whom drug-induced toxic
      effects developed at any time during treatment (toxic group) were compared with
      those who did not (nontoxic group), serum levels of IgA and to a lesser degree of
      IgG, but not of IgM, were found to be substantially lower in the toxic than in
      the nontoxic group, both at the onset and during treatment, except for IgG at
      month 12. When measured at the moment of toxic effect, only igA, but not IgG and
      IgM, was substantially lower than in serum samples of patients without toxic
      effects at that moment. The serum IgA concentration in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis seems to be related to whether or not aurothioglucose-induced toxic
      effects occur.

PMID- 6428343
TI  - Indium 111 WBC scan in local and systemic fungal infections.
AB  - We describe two patients-one with a systemic fungal infection and one with a
      localized form-who had strikingly abnormal indium 111 leukocyte (WBC) scans. The
      patient with systemic disease had an abnormal WBC scan before lesions became
      clinically apparent.

PMID- 6428344
TI  - [Exercise tests in children].

PMID- 6428345
TI  - [Severe hypertrophic myocardiopathy in newborn infants. Intra-erythrocyte calcium
      and the effect of lidoflazine, a calcium-channel inhibitor. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in the neonate are
      reported. The first case was poorly tolerated because of predominant stenosis of
      the right ventricular outflow tract causing right to left shunting through a
      patent foramen ovale. The second case presented with severe syncope at 6 weeks of
      age. The first patient was treated with propranolol without any success.
      Regression of the clinical and electrocardiographic signs was obtained in both
      cases with lidoflazine, within a few weeks. Red blood cell calcium concentrations
      were abnormally high in both patients before treatment and returned to normal
      levels with clinical and echocardiographic improvement. Abnormal accumulation of
      intracellular calcium in the myocardium is a possible mechanism of this
      cardiomyopathy. The relation between this type of accumulation and the effects of
      catecholamine discharge are recalled. The possible initiating role of an
      enzymatic abnormality of calcium entry is discussed: the chaotic geometric
      alignment of the myocardial fibres, characteristic of this type of hypertrophy,
      would therefore be a secondary phenomenon. Once constituted, the hypertrophy
      would then become irreversible. However, it may be possible to reverse it in the
      neonate by calcium antagonists as suggested by these two cases.

PMID- 6428346
TI  - [2-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of an intracardiac thrombus in
      children].
AB  - Eight cases of intracardiac thrombi in infants and children were compiled in a
      cooperative study involving five paediatric cardiological centres. Two babies
      were hospitalised for cardiac failure due to a severe supraventricular
      arrhythmia. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) showed a left atrial
      thrombus which disappeared after anticoagulant therapy. The third case was
      unusual: 2D echo performed 4 months after a Senning operation for complete
      transposition of the great arteries showed stenosis of the pulmonary venous canal
      and a thrombus above the stenosis: the mass was echogenic, rounded, of variable
      density and in contact with the pulmonary veins. These findings were confirmed at
      autopsy. The fourth case was a 34 month old child with Fallot's triad in whom 2D
      echo showed a right ventricular thrombus, confirmed at surgery. The four
      remaining cases were thrombi detected in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy.
      The thrombus was adherent to the left ventricular lateral wall or apex. Two of
      these thrombi disappeared after anticoagulant therapy, one of which after
      hemiplegia. 2D echo is a useful tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of
      intraatrial or intraventricular thrombi. Intraatrial thrombi may be due to
      supraventricular arrhythmias in children; intraventricular thrombi are usually
      seen in association with poor left ventricular contractility. The diagnosis of
      thrombosis should lead to institution of anticoagulant or even fibrinolytic
      therapy in order to avoid systemic embolism.

PMID- 6428347
TI  - [2-dimensional echocardiography of congenital obstruction of left ventricle
      inflow. Apropos of 25 cases].
AB  - Twenty-five cases of left ventricular inflow obstruction in children aged 4
      months to 11 years were investigated by two-dimensional echocardiography and
      cineangiography. The results of 2D echo were compared with the operative
      appearances in 15 cases and the pathological findings in three cases. This series
      included 5 cases of cor triatrium and 20 of congenital mitral stenosis, 3 of
      which were associated with a supramitral ring. Abnormalities of the mitral
      papillary muscles were the main cause of congenital mitral stenosis in this
      series (12 cases); there were 6 cases of single papillary muscle and 6 cases with
      two closely situated or fused papillary muscles. These abnormalities of the
      mitral papillary muscles were demonstrated on the transverse left ventricular
      views obtained from the parasternal or subcostal regions. All the papillary
      muscle abnormalities diagnosed by 2D echo were confirmed at autopsy or surgery.
      Cases of mitral stenosis due to short and thickened chordae were demonstrated on
      parasternal long axis views. Hypoplasia of the mitral ring was visualised on long
      axis or apical views. The supramitral ring was demonstrated on the parasternal
      long axis or apical four chamber views, as an abnormal echo situated just above
      the mitral valve in the left atrium. All three cases in this series were
      correctly diagnosed by 2D echocardiography. Nineteen of the 20 congenital mitral
      stenoses were associated with other cardiac malformations (14 coarctations of the
      aorta, 9 aortic stenoses, 4 ventricular septal defects) which were also detected
      by 2D echocardiography.

PMID- 6428348
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complete atrioventricular canal in early infancy].
AB  - Ninety children with complete atrioventricular canal without any significant
      associated abnormality underwent surgery between 1973 and 1982. The first group
      of 26 infants, including 7 with trisomy 21 (average age 5.3 +/- 3.8 months) had
      severe pulmonary hypertension and underwent pulmonary artery banding: 10 died in
      the immediate or early postoperative period (38 p. 100). The mortality was 50 p.
      100 in children under 6 months of age. In two cases, the banding was a failure
      because it was ineffective or "vicious" and both patients had to undergo
      reoperation 2 to 6 months later for total correction which resulted in 1 death
      and 1 poor result; the surviving 14 patients were improved: 3 are waiting for
      total correction under good conditions and 11 underwent open heart surgery 36 +/-
      16 months after banding with 7 good results and 4 average results because of
      residual significant mitral regurgitation associated in one case with
      atrioventricular block requiring pacing. The overall results of this group were
      42 p. 100 mortality, 19 p. 100 average results and 27 p. 100 good results; 12 p.
      100 are waiting for surgery. The second group included 64 children, with 34 with
      trisomy 21 (average age 17.4 +/- 16.7 months) who underwent complete correction
      straight away (before 2 years in 50 cases, before 1 year in 30 cases). The
      operative mortality was 28 p. 100, but only 7 p. 100 in the 15 cases in which
      pulmonary atrial pressure did not exceed 2/3 of the systemic pressure and 35 p.
      100 in the other 49 cases with severe pulmonary hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428349
TI  - [Coarctation of the aorta and Fallot's tetralogy. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of the association of Fallot's tetralogy and coarctation of the aorta
      are reported. In both cases there was a right aortic arch. In addition, the
      second case had a cervical aorta and a left subclavian artery isolated from the
      aorta and vascularised by the left vertebral artery. The two children underwent
      complete repair: the first patient had a Waterston shunt followed by repair of
      the Fallot's tetralogy, followed by repair of the coarctation; the second patient
      first had a Gore-tex tube inserted from the ascending to the descending aorta and
      then underwent repair of the Fallot's tetralogy. The association of a coarctation
      with an obstructive lesion of the right heart is very rare; only two cases have
      previously been reported: one Fallot's tetralogy and one tricuspid atresia with
      pulmonary stenosis. Both cases also had a right aortic arch. This seems to go
      against the haemodynamic theory of coarctation: blood flow in the ascending aorta
      increases while flow in the pulmonary artery decreases. Coarctation could be
      caused by a partial involution of the terminal segment of the right primitive
      dorsal aorta as proposed in cases of coarctation with a right sided aortic arch.
      The second case also presented two uncommon features: a cervical aortic arch and
      a left subclavian artery isolated from the aorta.

PMID- 6428350
TI  - [Late ventricular tachycardia after surgical correction of congenital
      cardiopathy. Impact, severity and predictive factors].
AB  - A group of 6 patients operated for Fallot's tetralogy (4 cases) or a similar
      congenital cardiac malformation (2 cases) were studied to assess the prevalence,
      severity and predictive factors of late post-operative ventricular tachycardia.
      These 6 patients were compared with a control group of 44 patients undergoing
      complete correction of Fallot's tetralogy. The age at operation (6 +/- 2 years),
      the length of follow-up (8 +/- 2.5 years) and surgical technique were comparable
      in both groups. The clinical parameters and results of non-invasive
      investigations (resting ECG, Holter monitoring) were compared. The first attack
      of tachycardia occurred on average 3 years after surgery. A triggering factor was
      found in 3 cases (a blow on the chest--2 cases--, general anaesthesia--1 case).
      These postoperative tachycardias are characterised by poor clinical tolerance, a
      tendency to recur, resistance to therapy and reserved prognosis. They are
      significantly commoner in patients operated late and in those with a poor
      haemodynamic result: right ventricular systolic pressure greater than 60 mmHg and
      recurrence of the ventricular septal defect. The combination of ventricular
      tachycardia and a poor haemodynamic result is associated with a mortality rate of
      33 p. 100. The functional status of the patient, conduction defects and the
      surgical technique used were not predictive of ventricular tachycardia. The
      detection of a ventricular arrhythmia on the resting ECG, and, particularly, on
      Holter monitoring, and the induction of ventricular tachycardia by ventricular
      stimulation should lead to treatment against malignant ventricular arrhythmias
      and sudden death. The choice of anti-arrhythmic agent may be guided by
      endocavitary stimulation techniques to assess its efficacy.

PMID- 6428351
TI  - [Long-term evaluation, physical and sports activities after correction of
      Fallot's tetralogy].
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the result of surgical repair of Fallot's
      tetralogy (FT) and to advise physical and sporting activities. Thirty-two
      patients (20 boys and 12 girls) underwent correction of FT either before 4 years
      of age (14 cases) or after (18 cases). The patients were assessed on average 7.5
      years postoperatively (range 4 to 13 years). All but one were class I of the NYHA
      classification. Radiological cardiomegaly was observed in 3 cases (CTI greater
      than 0.55). Sinus rhythm was present in all cases: 27 out of 30 had complete
      right bundle branch block without bifascicular block. Holter monitoring was
      performed in 22 cases: occasional monomorphic VES (1 to 15/hour) were observed in
      7 cases. Frequent polymorphic VES were observed during exercise in one adult.
      Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization revealed pulmonary regurgitation and
      right ventricular dilatation in over half the cases, with an infundibular
      aneurysm in 2 cases and a residual pressure gradient of 55 and 66 mmHg in 2 other
      cases requiring reoperation. Left ventricular function was satisfactory in all
      cases. Treadmill exercise testing was performed in 28 patients. However, for
      statistical analysis 12 boys aged 7 to 15 years were compared with 11 controls of
      the same age. There was a significant decrease in maximal O2 consumption, of CO2
      excretion, of ventilation, of heart rate, of work developed and total work in the
      operated patients. Clinical assessment and complementary investigations are
      essential 5 to 10 years after correction of FT to detect latent abnormalities and
      to better advise patients on physical and sporting activities.

PMID- 6428352
TI  - [Exercise test in isolated anomalies of auriculo-ventricular conduction in
      children and adolescents. Value in idiopathic auriculo-ventricular blocks and
      ventricular pre-excitation syndromes].
AB  - Abnormal atrioventricular conduction in children and adolescents without obvious
      underlying cardiac disease poses the problem of long term prognosis. This study
      of 45 patients aged 8 to 18 years with congenital atrioventricular block (30
      cases) or ventricular pre-excitation (15 cases), was undertaken to determine the
      value of exercise testing, a physiological adrenergic stress test, in the
      assessment of these patients. Our results show that exercise testing was valuable
      in determining the site of atrioventricular block: during exercise the degree of
      block increased in two patients, justifying electrophysiological investigations
      which showed infrahisian block in one case; when the block was stable or improved
      on exercise, the atropine test, performed in 21 cases, gave concordant results in
      18 cases (the same change with atropine and exercise): the block was nodal in all
      these patients. A concordant response to exercise and atropine, improving the
      degree of block, indicates suprahisian block and endocavitary investigation would
      not seem to be necessary. On the other hand, when the degree of block increases
      or remains the same during exercise and/or the atropine test, the site of block
      cannot be predicted and endocavitary investigation and Holter monitoring may be
      required. In patients with ventricular pre-excitation, exercise testing provides
      information on the relative values of the effective refractory periods of the
      normal and accessory pathways: in the 10 cases in which endocavitary studies were
      undertaken, the exercise electrocardiogram changed in the expected manner
      (disappearance of the pre-excitation wave on exercise in patients with accessory
      pathways with longer refractory periods than the normal pathway and persistence
      of pre-excitation when the accessory pathway refractory period was
      shorter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428353
TI  - [Severe tracheo-bronchial compression caused by a circumflex aorta. Apropos of 3
      cases treated by aortic uncrossing].
AB  - The cases of three children with an encircling right aortic arch and left sided
      descending aorta illustrate the fact that this rare abnormality may cause severe
      compression of the tracheo-bronchial axis. A ventricular septal defect was
      associated to the abnormal vascular arch in all three cases. The compressive
      structure was the aorta and these children could only be extubated after surgical
      uncrossing . Before diagnosing tracheomalacia in a child operated for an abnormal
      vascular arch, residual compression must be excluded by tracheo-bronchial
      fibroscopy.

PMID- 6428354
TI  - [Taussig-Bing anomaly. Intraventricular correction in an infant. Review of the
      literature].
AB  - A successful operation in a 22-month-old baby with the Taussig-Bing anomaly is
      reported. The operation consisted of a intraventricular rerouting of the left
      ventricular blood through the ventricular septal defect to the aorta via an
      intraventricular dacron conduit sutured to the sub-pulmonary conus posteriorly.
      The patient was recatheterized 3 months after surgery and there was no sub-aortic
      or sub-pulmonary obstruction. There was residual pulmonary artery hypertension
      and a residual shunt that was successfully closed at reoperation. Among 41
      surgical cases of TB anomaly reported in the literature, 6 only have had this
      kind of repair with 3 deaths. The present case is the youngest patient
      successfully operated upon by this technique. The three basic surgical options in
      the Taussig-Bing anomaly are discussed, along with the anatomic conditions that
      permit intraventricular conduit repair, which appears to be theoretically the
      best surgical approach.

PMID- 6428355
TI  - [Aortic sigmoid cusp anomaly: rare cause of myocardial infarction in children].
AB  - A three and a half year old child with no previous medical history died, 20 hours
      after extensive anterior myocardial infarction. Post-mortem examination showed an
      abnormal aortic valve: the cusps were thick, indurated and white in colour. The
      free edge of the left antero-lateral cusp was higher than that of the other two
      cusps and presented a discrete thickening which overlapped the superior border of
      the left coronary ostium, obstructing the orifice at its thickest part. The other
      two cusps were tipped by fibrous spurs, one of which partially obstructed the
      right coronary ostium which was slightly narrowed at its origin. A review of the
      literature on aortic pathology causing coronary obstruction revealed rare cases
      of malignant disease and, more commonly, malformations usually associated with
      supravalvular aortic stenosis. This case might illustrate a partial and atypical
      form of supravalvular aortic stenosis.

PMID- 6428356
TI  - [A rare pathological association: Fallot's tetralogy and asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy].
AB  - The association of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and Fallot's tetralogy is very
      rare. The authors describe a case in an infant documented by angiography and 2D
      echocardiography. The prevalence of complex forms of Fallot's tetralogy and the
      diagnostic and therapeutic problems which they pose, are discussed.

PMID- 6428357
TI  - [Truncular auriculo-ventricular block disclosing isolated corrected transposition
      of great vessels].
AB  - A case of atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial discordance with L
      transposition of the great arteries (corrected transposition of the great
      arteries), complicated by complex atrioventricular block is reported. The points
      of interest in this case were the association of an atrioventricular block and
      isolated corrected transposition, revealing the underlying malformation, and the
      intrahisian location of the block which seems only to have been reported on three
      previous occasions in this context.

PMID- 6428358
TI  - [Systemic arterial hypertension caused by discharge of catecholamines following
      ligation of ductus arteriosus].
AB  - A case of severe systemic hypertension due to catecholamines discharge after
      ligation of a large patent ductus arteriosus in an 8 months old child is
      reported. The blood pressure was corrected by the association of alpha- and
      betablocker drugs which were withdrawn on the 15th post-operative day without
      recurrence. Transient increases in blood pressure are quite common after closure
      of a patent ductus arteriosus with a large shunt. Persistent hypertension greater
      than 160/110 mmHg is rare. It always regresses but may sometimes cause
      complications. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system has already been
      suggested as a possible cause. Massive discharge of catecholamines and the
      spectacular effect of the association of alpha- and betablocker therapy, reported
      here apparently for the first time, provide additional evidence in favour of this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 6428359
TI  - [Arrhythmia caused by potassium deficiency].
AB  - Although experimental hypokalaemia leads to a wide range of arrhythmias and
      conduction defects, the only significant clinical result of potassium depletion
      (with or without hypokalaemia) is observed at ventricular level: ventricular
      extrasystoles, typical forms of ventricular tachycardia or, more commonly, the
      form suggesting torsades de pointe . The mechanism of these ventricular
      arrhythmias is obscure and may involve either reentry phenomena favored by the
      heterogenicity of the refractory periods at the Purkinje-ventricular junction or
      automaticity related to the increase in the slope of diastolic depolarisation or
      with the appearance of early post-potentials in series. Although arrhythmias are
      rare in isolated hypokalaemia and a healthy heart, they are common and serious if
      hypokalaemia complicates organic cardiac disease, especially when associated with
      another factor of cellular desynchronisation such as bradycardia or myocardial
      impregnation by certain antiarrhythmic drugs. The increased toxicity of digitalis
      in hypokalaemia is a well known example. Treatment is based essentially on
      compensating the potassium depletion, bearing in mind the risks of massive
      supplements administered too rapidly, and on the administration of potassium
      sparing drugs (spironolactone and others). Rapid cardiac pacing is often useful
      in preventing recurrence of torsades de pointe while waiting for adequate
      potassium repletion.

PMID- 6428360
TI  - [The heart and hyperkalemia].
AB  - Hyperkalaemia is a common and serious clinical condition in medical and surgical
      intensive care units. It is mainly encountered in patients with overt or latent
      cardiac and/or renal failure, and often aggravated by dietetic and therapeutic
      mismanagement. Hyperkalaemia depresses cardiac contractility, automaticity,
      conductivity and excitability, leading to ECG changes which must be recognized
      before clinical cardiovascular deterioration occurs if treatment is to be given
      to reverse an irremediably fatal evolution: ST-T changes and widening of the QRS
      with axial deviation shortly precede sinoatrial, intraatrial and atrioventricular
      block, the characteristic appearances of atrial standstill and ventricular and
      junctional hyperexcitability. The ECG changes faithfully follow the rise in serum
      potassium with few exceptions, such as associated electrolytic and acid-base
      disturbances (usually acidosis). Treatment must be administered as soon as a rise
      in potassium is observed. It may be administered intravenously (hypertonic
      glucose and insulin, calcium gluconate, furosemide, buffer solution and, above
      all, sodium bicarbonate or hypertonic saline) or orally (cation exchange resin).
      Renal dialysis may be required secondarily.

PMID- 6428361
TI  - [Hyperaldosteronism in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Effects of its
      treatment on the prevention of ventricular fibrillation].
AB  - Many metabolic and hormonal changes are observed during the acute phase of
      myocardial infarction (glucose metabolism, lipoproteins...). Mineralocorticoid
      function may also be disturbed but there have been few studies of this problem.
      The aim of this study was to confirm the elevation of serum aldosterone during
      the acute phase of myocardial infarction and to determine the effects of
      antialdosterone treatment in these patients. Hyperaldosteronism was confirmed in
      74% of 72 consecutive patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction, in 85%
      if patients previously treated by an antialdosterone drug or admitted after the
      acute phase are excluded, and in 96% if patients with cardiac failure are
      included. One thousand consecutive patients admitted for myocardial infarction
      were given an antialdosterone agent systematically (intravenous potassium
      canrenoate , 600 mg daily for 5 days). The serum and red blood cell potassium
      concentrations rose, the number of ventricular extrasystoles and the
      administration of anti-arrhythmic drugs fell, and, above all, the prevalence of
      ventricular fibrillation decreased significantly: 0,8% (p less than 0,001),
      compared with comparable previously reported series.

PMID- 6428362
TI  - [Magnesium deficiencies in cardiovascular diseases].
AB  - Plasma (pl), red blood cell (ery) and urinary magnesium (Mg) concentrations were
      measured by spectrophotometry in over 300 patients at the Cardiology Department
      of Broussais Hospital. Other biological parameters, including pl and ery
      potassium, calcium and phosphate concentrations were measured simultaneously. In
      a control group (54 subjects) the mean pl Mg was 0,851 mmol/l in men and 0,819
      mmol/l in women; mean ery Mg was 2,12 mmol/l and 2,09 mmol/l respectively.
      Magnesium depletion was observed in several pathological cardiovascular
      conditions: -- mitral valve prolapse: the Mg levels were significantly lower in
      women (19 cases) (pl Mg 0,740 mmol/l; ery Mg 1,83 mmol/l: p less than 0,001); the
      deficit was less pronounced in men: pl Mg 0,829 mmol/l, p less than 0,01, and ery
      Mg 2,01 mmol/l (NS); -- recurrent junctional tachycardia (21 cases): the Mg
      levels were significantly lower than normal: pl Mg = 0,796 mmol/l in men and
      0,763 mmol/l in women; ery Mg = 1,93 and 1,88 mmol/l, respectively; -- coronary
      insufficiency (86 cases): pl Mg = 0,821 mmol/l in men and 0,768 mmol/l in women
      (p less than 0,001). In a subgroup with coronary spasm (22 cases), the mean ery
      Mg was decreased (2,01 mmol/l, p less than 0,05); -- unstable or labile
      hypertension (24 cases): the decrease was significant, especially in women (pl Mg
      = 0,796 mmol/l, ery Mg = 1,88 mmol/l). These magnesium deficits were sometimes
      associated with a low pl Ca, and often associated with a low ery K although pl K
      was usually raised. In some privileged cases of cardiac arrhythmia and coronary
      spasm, intravenous Mg repletion was beneficial but did not affect plasma
      concentrations. The role of magnesium depletion in cardiovascular disease remains
      obscure and requires further study.

PMID- 6428363
TI  - [Magnesium and arrhythmia].
AB  - Experimental and clinical studies have shown the antiarrhythmic activity of
      magnesium salts and the arrhythmogenic effect of hypomagnesemia. Both are
      observed mainly but not exclusively during treatment with digitalis. The Mg++
      plays an essential role in transmembrane K+ exchange in that a deficit of
      magnesium leads to a loss of intracellular K+ which cannot be compensated simply
      by administering K+ supplements if the magnesium equilibrium is not restored. In
      vitro, changes in the atrial action potential induced experimentally by a fall in
      extracellular K+ or by digitalis overdose can be corrected by increasing the Mg++
      concentration in the medium. Contrary to classical theory, Mg++ does not seem to
      act on Na+-K+-ATP-ase activity, the origin of potassium disturbances and,
      therefore, arrhythmias. On the other hand, given the known antagonism between
      Ca++ and Mg++ on the contractility of the muscular fibre, a similar antagonism
      might be active with regards to electrogenesis. The role of the inward calcium
      current in the induction of abnormal automaticity observed particularly in
      digitalis toxicity is well known. The antiarrhythmic effect of Mg++ would seem to
      be related mainly to its moderating effect on this calcium inflow which,
      conversely, would be favored by hypomagnesemia. We conclude that, in practice,
      prophylaxis of arrhythmias in patients on digitalis and diuretic therapy, should
      include prevention of magnesium loss.

PMID- 6428364
TI  - [Arguments demonstrating a low dietary intake of potassium in the genesis and
      perpetuation of arterial hypertension].
AB  - The failure to find correlation between sodium intake and blood pressure in
      within population studies led to a search for other environmental factors. Bunge
      postulated that potassium would antagonize the effect of sodium. Japanese studies
      suggested that a high potassium intake might block some hypertension. Meneely
      hypothesized, and demonstrated in the rat, that potassium would partially block
      sodium-produced hypertension. The low-salt tribes are also high -potassium
      tribes. Walker, in Baltimore, showed a negative correlation between potassium and
      blood pressure, and Langford and Watson showed a significant correlation between
      Na/K ratio in the urine and diastolic blood pressure. Five studies in the United
      States have shown that blacks, who have much more hypertension than whites,
      excrete much less potassium. Studies on the habitual diet patterns of high and
      low potassium intake individuals have just begun. Changing potassium intake by
      dietary change has proven difficult.

PMID- 6428365
TI  - [Possible mechanisms of action of potassium in arterial hypertension].
AB  - Potassium supplementation of the diet attenuates the rise in blood pressure in
      stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) without a concomitant
      contraction of intravascular volume. This finding favours a resistance-mediated,
      but not a volume-mediated hypotensive action of potassium. A possible site of
      effect is modulation of sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction by potassium.
      Sympathetic vascular tone, which is enhanced in SHRSP on a high sodium diet
      because of a reduced noradrenaline inactivation, a facilitated noradrenaline
      release and an increased sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to noradrenaline,
      tends to normalize when the potassium content of the diet is augmented. All three
      parameters of sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction are altered by potassium
      in a way to attenuate the enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction.

PMID- 6428366
TI  - [Effects of potassium on renin and aldosterone].
AB  - The renin-aldosterone system contributes to the regulation of arterial pressure
      and to the maintenance of sodium and potassium balance. Alterations in plasma
      potassium concentration have opposite and independent effects on renin secretion
      by the kidney and on aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland. Renin secretion
      tends to be inhibited by hyperkalemia and stimulated by potassium depletion. In
      contrast, increases of plasma potassium directly stimulate aldosterone secretion.
      This effect of potassium on aldosterone serves as a protective mechanism against
      the development of hyperkalemia. Conversely, hypokalemia inhibits aldosterone
      production. Small changes in plasma potassium have a greater effect on
      aldosterone than on renin secretion. In patients with essential hypertension,
      diuretic induced alterations in serum potassium concentrations may affect both
      renin and aldosterone secretion. We have observed that therapy with a thiazide
      diuretic results in a reduction of serum potassium and a greater increase in
      renin activity than therapy with the potassium-retaining diuretic,
      spironolactone, despite comparable natriuretic responses with both drugs.
      Conversely spironolactone therapy is associated with a greater increase in
      aldosterone production. The greater effect of thiazides on renin activity and the
      greater effect of spironolactone on aldosterone production may be related to the
      thiazide induced reduction of serum potassium and the spironolactone induced
      increases of serum potassium.

PMID- 6428367
TI  - [Potassium and magnesium in the myocardial cell: general data].
AB  - The aim of this introductory paper is to describe the movements of the two major
      cations of the myocardial intracellular compartment, potassium and magnesium. The
      role of the potassium ion, which participates in an active manner in the
      development of transmembrane potential changes during the cardiac cycle, is
      treated in terms of membrane conductance, driving force and active transport (Na
      K-ATPase). The magnesium ion, of which role mainly concerns intracellular
      metabolic activity and interactions on the membrane exchanges of other ions is
      considered under three main aspects: its action on Na-K-ATPase and its effects on
      the electrophysiological properties and contractile activity of the cardiac
      fibres. Disturbances of the exchanges of these two cations during myocardial
      ischaemia and their importance in the field of cardioplegia are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 6428368
TI  - [Moderate supplementation of potassium in essential hypertension].
AB  - 23 unselected patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, whose
      average supine blood pressure after two months' observation on no treatment was
      154/99 mm Hg, were entered into an eight week double blind randomised crossover
      study of one month's treatment with slow release potassium tablets (60 mmol/day)
      versus placebo without alteration of dietary sodium or potassium intake. By the
      fourth week mean supine blood pressure had fallen by 4% on potassium
      supplementation compared with placebo. Urinary potassium excretion increased from
      62 +/- 4.7 mmol/24 h on placebo to 118 +/- 7.4 mmol/24 h on potassium. The fall
      in blood pressure was not related to urinary sodium excretion before entry to the
      trial or while on placebo. Moderate potassium supplementation caused a small but
      significant fall in blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential
      hypertension and could be additive to the effects of moderate sodium restriction.
      This increase in potassium intake could be achieved with a potassium-based salt
      substitute and a moderate increase in vegetable and fruit consumption. Moderate
      dietary sodium restriction with dietary potassium supplementation may obviate or
      reduce the need for drug treatment in some patients with mild to moderate
      hypertension.

PMID- 6428369
TI  - Isonicotinic acid hydrazide induced changes and inhibition in mycolic acid
      synthesis in Nocardia and related taxa.
AB  - The mycolic acid compositions of Nocardia rubra and related bacteria grown in
      media containing different concentrations of antituberculous isonicotinic acid
      hydrazide (INH) were determined in detail by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. On the basis of molecular species composition, average carbon
      numbers of mycolic acids were calculated. In Nocardia rubra, N. lutea and
      Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO-13161, the ratio of mycolic to non-mycolic fatty
      acids and the average carbon numbers of mycolic acids were decreased at the INH
      concentrations of higher than 1 microgram/ml, paralleling with the significant
      inhibition of growth. In above three species the synthesis of longer chain
      mycolic acids (longer than C44 or C46 ) was inhibited more significantly than
      shorter homologues such as C38 or C40 . In contrast, neither growth inhibition
      nor change in corynomycolic acid composition was observed in Corynebacteria
      xerosis and Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO-13165 at the concentration region of INH
      up to 100 micrograms/ml. The direct mass fragmentographic analysis of the
      trimethylsilylated (TMS) derivatives of mycolic acid methyl esters, monitoring [M
      15] ions of individual molecular species, revealed that the chain shortening of
      total mycolic acid molecule by INH occurred more greatly in more highly
      unsaturated subclasses than in less unsaturated subclasses. Furthermore, mass
      fragmentographic analysis, monitoring fragment ions (A) and (B), due to straight
      chain and branched chain alkyl units, respectively, demonstrated the inhibition
      of mycolic acids was not attributed to the shortening of alpha-alkyl chain, but
      to the inhibition of chain elongation of C28 to C32 straight chain meromycolic
      acids. It was also indicated the amounts of trehalose mono- and di- mycolate
      (cord factor) decreased significantly with the addition of INH (1 to 20
      micrograms/ml) in the above strains. From the results obtained above, INH
      appeared to inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acids longer than C44 or C46
      specifically by inhibiting chain elongation or desaturation of precursor long
      chain fatty acids longer than C28 or C30.

PMID- 6428370
TI  - The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. I. Follow-up methodology and study sample.
AB  - Chestnut Lodge is a small, private psychiatric hospital in Rockville, Md,
      specializing in the long-term residential treatment of severely ill (and usually
      chronic) psychotic and borderline patients. Four hundred forty-six (72%) of the
      patients treated at Chestnut Lodge between 1950 and 1975 were followed up an
      average of 15 years later. This first report details the rationale and methods
      for this investigation.

PMID- 6428371
TI  - Behavioral efficacy of haloperidol and lithium carbonate. A comparison in
      hospitalized aggressive children with conduct disorder.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of haloperidol, lithium carbonate, and placebo were
      critically assessed in 61 treatment-resistant, hospitalized children aged 5.2 to
      12.9 years with diagnoses of conduct disorder, aggressive type. In this double
      blind and well-controlled study, the optimal dosages of haloperidol ranged from
      1.0 to 6.0 mg/day and those of lithium carbonate from 500 to 2,000 mg/day. For
      the assessment of behavioral changes and untoward effects, various rating scales
      were used in different settings. Both haloperidol and lithium carbonate were
      found to be significantly superior to placebo in decreasing behavioral symptoms.
      Although both medications were clinically effective, haloperidol was associated
      more often with untoward effects than was lithium carbonate.

PMID- 6428372
TI  - Cognitive effects of lithium carbonate and haloperidol in treatment-resistant
      aggressive children.
AB  - The effects of lithium carbonate and haloperidol on cognition were examined in a
      placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 61 treatment-resistant, hospitalized
      school-aged children. They all had a DSM-III diagnosis of conduct disorder--
      undersocialized , aggressive, with a profile of highly explosive and aggressive
      behavior. Children were assessed at the end of a two-week placebo-baseline period
      and again after four weeks of treatment. Drug effects on cognition were mild.
      Haloperidol (mean dose, 2.95 mg/day) caused significant decreases in Porteus Maze
      test quotient scores and a slowing of reaction time (RT) on a simple RT task.
      Lithium carbonate (mean dose, 1,166 mg/day) adversely affected qualitative scores
      on the Porteus Maze test. No significant treatment effects were found for the
      Matching Familiar Figures Test, short-term recognition memory and concept
      attainment tasks, or the Stroop Test.

PMID- 6428373
TI  - The effect of thiophosphamide on the proliferative activity of human tumor cells
      cultured in vivo in diffusion chambers.
AB  - The effect of thiophosphamide on the proliferative activity of 16 different human
      tumors was studied. The most universal primary cellular mechanism of the drug
      action is to block cells in the premitotic phase of the cell cycle. The
      coefficient of thiophosphamide activity in diffusion chambers was shown to
      correlate with the known clinical efficacy of the drug in various tumor types.

PMID- 6428374
TI  - Medicine without the autopsy.
AB  - Serious, deep, and long-standing problems now confront use of the autopsy and
      threaten its very existence at many medical institutions. Despite many changes in
      the way medicine is practiced, autopsies remain of great importance for purposes
      of education, justice, and quality of care. Pathologists should create change
      toward a greatly increased rate of cost-effective autopsies by changing the
      behavior of other physicians, institutions, and bureaucracies . The goal is the
      public trust.

PMID- 6428375
TI  - Limited autopsies. Defined benefits, limited costs.
AB  - Discussions of the autopsy in conferences and the medical literature commonly
      depict it as a complex, time-consuming, difficult, and expensive procedure that
      requires sophisticated research techniques and should be performed only in large
      medical centers in coordination with organized research and teaching programs by
      teams of pathologists specially trained in this esoteric discipline. Many
      patients are cared for (and die) in community hospitals where pathologists
      perform "limited" autopsies that answer questions about the cause of death and
      the complications of the disease and its treatment and that provide sound data
      for mortality statistics and quality control. In view of anticipated funding
      problems, it appears to be desirable to seek such limited information at minimum
      expense.

PMID- 6428376
TI  - Reimbursement for autopsies. A personal view.
AB  - Postmortem examinations have been reimbursed under Part A of Medicare and as a
      reimbursable expense of the pathology department by Blue Cross. As diagnostic
      related group reimbursement is implemented, hospitals are likely to cut costs by
      reducing the number of autopsies. Third-party payers representing the private
      sector will protect the interests of their subscribers or clients by excluding
      autopsies from coverage. To preserve the clearly demonstrable benefits that the
      autopsy has for the community, it will be necessary to include the autopsy as a
      cost of research and education. There are other costs that traditionally have
      been subsidized by insurance that must also be shifted to research and education.
      The challenge for the College of American Pathologists is to work with those with
      similar interests to develop funding separate and distinct from health insurance.

PMID- 6428377
TI  - New directions in health care.

PMID- 6428378
TI  - [Peripheral neuropathology in Recklinghausen disease].

PMID- 6428379
TI  - [On a rare case of plexiform neurinoma of the sciatic nerve].

PMID- 6428380
TI  - Efficacy of preoperative biliary tract decompression in patients with obstructive
      jaundice.
AB  - Fifty consecutive matched patients with benign or malignant biliary tract
      obstruction were compared to determine the efficacy of preoperative percutaneous
      biliary drainage (PBD). Twenty-five patients underwent PBD for an average of nine
      days before operation; 25 patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic
      cholangiography ( PTHC ) followed immediately by operation. Serum bilirubin
      levels before PTHC were 16.5 +/- 7.6 mg/dL and 14.9 +/- 7.6 mg/dL in PBD and non
      PBD groups, respectively. Serum bilirubin levels decreased to 6.5 +/- 6.2 mg/dL
      preoperatively in patients having PBD. One week after operation, bilirubin levels
      were 4.2 +/- 4.3 mg/dL and 9.0 +/- 5.2 mg/dL in the PBD and non-PBD groups,
      respectively. Major morbidity (sepsis, abscess, renal failure, or bleeding)
      occurred in two patients (8%) having PBD and in 13 patients (52%) without PBD.
      One patient (4%) with PBD, and five patients (20%) without PBD, died. The mean
      hospital stay was shorter for the PBD group. Preoperative PBD reduces operative
      mortality and morbidity and results in a more rapid resolution of
      hyperbilirubinemia during the postoperative period.

PMID- 6428381
TI  - Lipid-based parenteral nutrition and the immunosuppression of protein
      malnutrition.
AB  - Protein malnutrition has been directly related to impaired immunocompetence. An
      experimental protocol was designed to determine the efficacy of a lipid-based
      system of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in restoring immunocompetence in
      nutritionally depleted subjects. Thirty rats sensitized to PPD were made anergic
      by the oral administration of a protein-free diet. Nutritional repletion was
      instituted with either a complete oral diet or lipid-based TPN. The two groups of
      animals did not differ significantly in the time required to regain positive skin
      test reactivity or in the weight gained during the repletion period. The lipid
      based system of TPN was comparable to the complete oral diet in reversing the
      anergy of protein malnutrition.

PMID- 6428382
TI  - Comparison between the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and six
      other compounds on the vitamin A storage, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and the
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the rat liver.
AB  - The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8-
      tetrabromodibenzo -p-dioxin ( TBrDD ), 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (3
      Cl- predioxin ) 4,5,6-trichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (5-Cl- predioxin ),
      toxaphene, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and phenobarbital (PB) on the vitamin A
      storage, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      (AHH) activities in the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Vitamin A
      was determined as retinol by high pressure liquid chromatography. UDPGT was
      measured with p-nitrophenol as an aglycone and AHH with 3,4-benzopyrene as a
      substrate. Both in TCDD- and toxaphene-treated animals a reduced body weight gain
      was recorded, but no other overt signs of toxicity were seen in this study. Both
      the concentration and the total amount of hepatic retinol was significantly
      reduced in TCDD-, 3-MC-, PB- and TBrDD -treated animals. These compounds were
      also those which gave the most significant enzyme induction as regards the UDPGT
      and AHH activities. However, the reduction of hepatic retinol caused by these
      compounds did not correlate with the enzyme activities studied. When compared on
      a molecular basis, TCDD and TBrDD were in the order of several magnitudes more
      potent as reducers of hepatic retinol and likewise as enzyme inducers.

PMID- 6428383
TI  - [Interictal electroencephalographic paroxysms in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome of late
      onset].
AB  - EEGs of twelve patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome starting after 6 years of
      age and followed for a mean period of 2 years and 6 months were obtained. The
      incidence of the main types of interictal paroxistic activity was verified. The
      following activities were identified: generalized sharp and slow wave discharges,
      generalized pseudorhythmic sharp and slow or fast wave bursts, "grand-mal
      pattern" of Gibbs & Gibbs, focal discharges and bi-synchronous EEG discharges. It
      was verified the frequency of the appearance of sharp and slow wave discharges in
      successive tracings. Tracings for 4 patients allowed us to compare the frequency
      of appearance of these discharges during rest and after activation by
      hyperventilation. Successive EEG recordings demonstrate the possibility of
      diffuse sharp and slow wave complexes disappearance and reappearance in Lennox
      Gastaut syndrome with onset after age 6.

PMID- 6428384
TI  - [Akinetic pseudomutism (locked-in syndrome) in accidental Chagas' disease].
AB  - Chagas' disease is a major problem in Central and South America. The disease is
      caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoon which may inhabit the blood and tissues
      of both man and animals. Although it may produce marked enlargement of several
      hollow viscera, myocardial involvement is the hallmark of chronic Chagas'
      disease. The clinical picture of chronic Chagas myocardites is one of insidious,
      progressive, prolonged congestive heart failure and cardiac enlargement. The
      almost invariable arrhythmias make syncope and sudden death common in patients
      both with p6 without congestive heart failure. Electrocardiographic abnormalities
      occur in 87 percent of patients with chronic Chagas' disease and are often the
      initial manifestation of illness . Pathological findings include mural trombosis
      which often results in pulmonary and central nervous system embolization.
      Trypanosoma cruzi is in general transmitted to human beings by the bite of
      haematophagus insects of the reduviidae family, but in the last years reports
      pointing out the importance of blood transfusions as infectious sources of
      Trypanosoma cruzi are becoming more and more frequent. The authors present a case
      of a male young architect which contrated Chagas' disease probably by a blood
      transfusion and latter developed "locked-in" syndrome. It is discussed the
      importance of blood transfusion as a source of transmission of the disease even
      in non-endemic areas and the need to controlling all blood transfusions in
      countries where Chagas' disease is endemic. The authors also point out the
      importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of lesions in the pons.

PMID- 6428385
TI  - [Acute atypical polyneuropathy in chronic Chagas' disease: report of a case].
AB  - The author reports the case of a 47-year-old man who developed an acute
      polyneuritis in the course of the chronic Chagas' disease. Neurological
      examination on admission forty-five days after onset showed total ptosis of the
      left eyelid without internal and external ophthalmoplegia. There was moderate
      diffuse weakness in the limbs. Tendon reflexes were depressed. Plantar responses
      were normal. The cerebrospinal fluid cell count and protein level were raised.
      The relationship between chronic Chagas' disease and peripheral polyneuritis is
      discussed.

PMID- 6428386
TI  - Enzymatic detoxification using lipophilic hollow-fiber membranes: I.
      Glucuronidation reactions.
AB  - A lipophilic hollow-fiber membrane preparation was used in the enzymatic
      detoxification of lipophilic toxins. Native enzymes were circulated on one side
      of the lipophilic membrane, while the toxin-containing media (blood, serum, waste
      fluids, etc.) were circulated inside the hollow fiber. Lipophilic substances that
      accumulate in and penetrate the lipophilic membrane were converted by the
      corresponding enzymes. Phase II detoxifying enzymes converted the lipophilic
      toxins to hydrophylic compounds that made a rediffusion of these molecules back
      to the blood impossible. Glucuronidation reactions were catalyzed by a crude
      preparation of solubilized uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase (EC
      2.1.1.9) with a specific activity of 10.0 nmol/min/mg protein in the presence of
      uridine-5'- diphosphoglucuronic acid (acceptor: phenol as reference substrate).
      Clearance rates of phenol, 1- naphthol , 2- naphthol , and p-cresol were
      measured, respectively, to be 141, 195, 300, and 251 pmol/h/mg protein/cm2 hollow
      fiber. The advantage of this technique lies in the possibility of using highly
      active, soluble enzyme preparations and a fully utilizable cofactor supply. The
      lipid membrane ensures the absence of immunological hazards, while mass transfer
      of the toxin is not impaired.

PMID- 6428387
TI  - Computed tomography for cervical adenopathy. Does the cost justify the results?

PMID- 6428388
TI  - The emigration of lymphocytes from palatine tonsils after local labelling.
AB  - Lymphocytes in the palatine tonsils of normal young pigs were selectively
      labelled by minute multiple injections of fluorescein isothiocyanate into the
      tonsils. One day later the numbers of tonsil-derived lymphocytes were determined
      in cervical, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches,
      thymus, bone marrow and blood. Although not all tonsillar lymphocytes could be
      labelled by this technique, a total of approximately 0.6 X 10(9) lymphocytes
      emigrated from the tonsils. Relatively more lymphocytes were found in lymph nodes
      than in the spleen and very few in the thymus, Peyer's patches and bone marrow.
      This organ distribution was different from the results from selectively labelling
      lymphocytes in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.

PMID- 6428389
TI  - Environmental standards for intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - Successful implantation of prosthetic devices depends upon their freedom from
      postoperative inflammation and infection. Techniques and lessons learned in
      orthopaedic and other implant surgery should be applied to intraocular lens
      implantation. The avoidance of contamination by particles and micro-organisms is
      one essential principle of the surgical procedure. Practical steps are described
      to reduce both types of contamination. These measures taken together are
      recommended for adoption as a standard of environmental safety for lens
      implantation.

PMID- 6428390
TI  - [Practical experiences with sulfonamide determination with the trimethoprim plate
      as an extension of the microbiological inhibitor test].

PMID- 6428391
TI  - [Myxosporidia-caused swimbladder inflammation in carp fry].

PMID- 6428392
TI  - Molecular analysis of the effects of the lys 3a gene on the expression of Hor
      loci in developing endosperms of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
AB  - The lys 3a gene present in the barley mutant Ris phi 1508 results in an increased
      content of lysine in the grain. Previous studies have shown that this increase
      results from a decreased accumulation of hordein and an increase in other more
      lysine-rich proteins and in free amino acids. We report here a detailed
      examination of the effects of this gene on the different groups of hordein
      polypeptides and the mRNAs encoding them. The amounts of the two major groups of
      hordein polypeptides (B and C hordein ) were reduced to about 20 and 7%,
      respectively, of those present in the parental variety ( Bomi ), with a greater
      effect on one of the two subfamilies of B polypeptides. In contrast, the amounts
      of D hordein polypeptides were increased fourfold. In vitro translations of
      polysomal and total cellular RNA fractions showed similar effects on the relative
      amounts of hordein products synthesized. More detailed analyses of the
      populations of hordein mRNAs were made using specific cDNA clones and hybrid
      selection translation, Northern hybridization, and "hybrid-dot" analysis. Only
      traces of mRNAs for "C" hordein were detected, while the abundances of mRNAs for
      the two subfamilies of B hordeins were reduced to 40 and 5% of those in Bomi .
      The amount of mRNA for D hordein was increased twofold. A cDNA clone related to B
      hordein was used to analyze genomic DNA fractions by Southern hybridization. The
      lys 3a gene had no effect on either the number (about 10) or the organization of
      the B hordein genes. These studies clearly demonstrate that the effects of the
      lys 3a gene on the amounts of the hordein polypeptides are closely related to
      changes in the amounts of the mRNAs encoding them. Although the exact effect of
      the gene remains unknown, it is most likely to be either at transcription or on
      the early processing of the mRNA.

PMID- 6428393
TI  - Sequence of the high-activity equine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase: N-terminal
      polymorphism (acetyl-Ser/acetyl-Thr) and homologies to similar mammalian
      isozymes.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the high-activity equine erythrocyte carbonic
      anhydrase (CA-II) has been determined. Two different N-termini are noted, the C1
      form having an N-acetyl-serine and the C2 form an N-acetyl-threonine. The
      sequence of the equine enzyme is most homologous to the human CA-II isozyme, with
      224 of the 259 residues being identical.

PMID- 6428394
TI  - Flow cytometric measurements of phagocytosis. I. A methodical and comparative
      study.
AB  - A flow cytometric technique is described for measurement of phagocytic activity
      in human leucocytes using FITC-labelled latex particles (0.77 micron). Cell
      suspensions separated from peripheral blood by dextran sedimentation were
      hemolyzed to avoid particle uptake by erythrocytes. The leucocytes were incubated
      for various time intervals with a standardized solution of 2 x 10(7) FITC
      labelled latex particles per 2 x 10(5) leucocytes in 0.6 ml medium. Relative
      fluorescence per cell was measured on the basis of 10(5) cells, and a simple
      technique has been described to evaluate data characteristic for different steps
      of phagocytosis and to discriminate between phagocytizing and non-phagocytizing
      cells. In comparison, rice starch phagocytosis has been measured microscopically.
      A positive correlation between both methods has been found in 11 patients with
      different disease-related phagocytic capacity.

PMID- 6428395
TI  - Effect of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine on calcium fluxes by
      human platelet microsomes.
AB  - Under conditions where optimal concentrations of arachidonic acid, phosphatidic
      acid, or the calcium ionophore A23187 caused release of 50-95% of calcium from
      preloaded platelet microsomes, basophil platelet activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2
      acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, AGEPC) did not cause the release of
      calcium at concentrations as high as 2 X 10(-5) M. The failure to stimulate
      calcium release was not due to metabolism or inactivation of AGEPC. These results
      show that AGEPC is not a calcium ionophore and is unable to directly effect the
      release of calcium from microsomes by mechanisms other than ionophoric action.
      The increase in intracellular levels that occurs during AGEPC-induced platelet
      aggregation must be an indirect effect of the AGEPC.

PMID- 6428396
TI  - Metabolism of the neurotoxic tertiary amine, MPTP, by brain monoamine oxidase.
AB  - The neurotoxic chemical MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) is
      metabolized by rat brain mitochondrial fractions at a rate of 0.91 +/- 0.02
      nmoles/mg protein/min. The major metabolite has been identified as the 1-methyl-4
      phenylpyridinium species. This biotransformation process is blocked by 10(-7) M
      deprenyl and pargyline. MPTP itself inhibited the metabolism of benzylamine by
      brain mitochondrial fractions. These results are discussed in terms of possible
      bioactivation mechanisms that may be associated with the neurodegenerative
      properties of MPTP .

PMID- 6428397
TI  - Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding the precursor for human
      apolipoprotein AII.
AB  - cDNA clones encoding human apolipoprotein AII have been isolated from an adult
      liver cDNA library. Apo AII mRNA was shown to be approximately 600 bases in
      length by RNA blot hybridisation. The intracellular precursor of apo AII was
      inferred from the cDNA sequence to be a 100 amino acid polypeptide consisting of
      the 77 residue mature protein and an additional 23 amino terminal residues. The
      amino terminal extension, divisible into an 18 residue signal peptide and a 5
      residue propeptide, is separated from the first amino acid of mature apo AII by
      dibasic residues. The 5' untranslated region of the message is 61 bases in length
      and the 3' untranslated region 113 bases. A polyadenylation signal is situated 14
      bases 3' of the poly(A) tail.

PMID- 6428398
TI  - Intermediates in the enzymic synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - 9 partially purified enzyme (Enzyme A) from Drosophila melanogaster Aatalyzes the
      conversion of 7,8- dihydroneopterin triphosphate to a compound that, from its
      ultraviolet absorption spectrum and other characteristics, appears to be 6-
      pyruvoyl -tetrahydropterin. This product can be converted to 6-lactoyl
      tetrahydropterin in the presence of another partially purified enzyme (Enzyme B)
      and NADPH, and to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in the presence of a third enzyme
      preparation (biopterin synthase) and NADPH. The enzymically-produced 6-lactoyl
      tetrahydropterin, when exposed to air, is oxidized nonenzymically to sepiapterin
      (6-lactoyl-7,8- dihydropterin ). The results indicate that although 6-lactoyl
      tetrahydropterin can be converted enzymically to tetrahydrobiopterin, neither it
      nor sepiapterin is an obligate intermediate in the conversion of 7,8-
      dihydroneopterin triphosphate to tetrahydrobiopterin.

PMID- 6428399
TI  - Activity of endogenous phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 in glucose stimulated
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - In cultured pancreatic islets from neonatal rats labelled with [3H] arachidonic
      acid, glucose stimulation prompted a fall in the labelled arachidonate
      concentration of phosphatidylinositol and a concomitant rise in 1,2
      diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The time course of glucose stimulation
      indicated that this early event was followed by an increased liberation of
      arachidonic acid and incorporation into arachidonate metabolites. Incubation of
      homogenates of glucose stimulated islets with both phosphatidylinositol and
      phosphatidylcholine specifically labelled with arachidonate in the 2-position
      acyl chain generated arachidonic acid. This indicated both phospholipase C with
      1,2 diacylglycerol lipase and phospholipase A2 activities in the action of
      glucose. Calcium dependent arachidonic acid release was also seen from
      arachidonic acid labelled phosphatidic acid. The findings suggest multiple
      sources of islet arachidonic acid following glucose stimulation including
      phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 6428400
TI  - Specific desensitization of actin polymerization of bovine platelets.
AB  - Polymerization of actin induced by activation of platelets was investigated using
      deoxyribonuclease I inhibition assay. When platelets were activated with ADP or 5
      hydroxytryptamine, actin was polymerized quickly followed by rapid
      depolymerization to the initial level. Reactivation with the same agonist,
      however, did not cause the polymerization of actin, though with different
      agonists actin polymerized quite normally. The mechanism for this agonist
      specific desensitization of actin polymerization was investigated by the use of a
      calcium ionophore A23187. It was suggested that the cause for the desensitization
      is the inability of platelets to mobilize Ca2+ in response to specific agonist.

PMID- 6428401
TI  - Inactivation of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium LT
      2 SL 1027 by N beta-fumarylcarboxyamido-L-2,3-diamino-propionic acid.
AB  - N beta- fumarylcarboxyamido -L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid ( FCDP ), a novel
      glutamine analog, inhibits the reaction of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase (EC
      5.3.1.19) from Salmonella typhimurium LT 2 by irreversible inactivation of the
      enzyme. The kinetic data on enzyme inhibition and inactivation are presented. It
      is suggested that the enzyme inactivation occurs according to a sequential
      mechanism.

PMID- 6428402
TI  - Receptor and non receptor-mediated activation of blood platelets. Effect on
      membrane-cytoskeleton interaction.
AB  - Platelets were activated by receptor and non receptor-mediated reagents. The
      effect of these reagents on aggregation, secretion, cytoskeleton formation,
      interaction of alpha-actinin and other membrane proteins with the cytoskeleton
      was studied. Results show that receptor-mediated activation (e.g. ADP or thrombin
      activation) leads to a high extent of association of alpha-actinin with the
      cytoskeleton while non receptor-mediated activation (e.g. ionophore A-23187,
      arachidonic acid) leads to a low association between the two species. The degrees
      of aggregation, secretion and total amount of protein in the two modes of
      activation were the same.

PMID- 6428403
TI  - Aphidicolin and deoxycoformycin cause DNA breaks and cell death in unstimulated
      human lymphocytes.
AB  - Human lymphocytes lose viability when incubated in vitro with either aphidicolin,
      an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, or with the combination of aphidicolin and
      deoxycoformycin (an adenosine deaminase inhibitor). Loss of viability was assayed
      by vital staining with fluorescein diacetate as well as examination of Wright
      stained preparations and the appearance of cellular debris observed using an
      electronic cell counter. The loss of viability was rapid with the combination of
      aphidicolin (2 micrograms/ml) and deoxycoformycin (1 microgram/ml) with
      essentially complete loss of viability after 72 hours of incubation. This drug
      combination produces DNA single strand breaks after 24 and 48 hours of incubation
      at a level equivalent to that produced by 200 or 400R of X-irradiation,
      respectively.

PMID- 6428404
TI  - The effects of long term growth hormone releasing factor (GRF 1-40)
      administration on growth hormone secretion and synthesis in vitro.
AB  - The ability of human pancreatic GH releasing factor 1-40 (hpGRF 1-40) to release
      GH has been studied in rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. Over 24
      hours hpGRF (1-40) increased total (cell content and secretion) production 2-fold
      with an ED50 of 20 pM. Subsequent hpGRF (1-40) stimulation of GH release was not
      affected by pretreatment when the fall in stored GH was taken into account. In
      contrast LH responses to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) were markedly
      desensitized after 24 hours GnRH pretreatment in the same experimental system and
      using the same analysis. hpGRF (1-40) responses were not desensitized when
      pretreatment was for 3, 12 or 24 hours. The data show that hpGRF (1-40) responses
      do not desensitize in our experimental conditions under which GnRH responses show
      marked desensitization.

PMID- 6428405
TI  - Enhancement of renal medulla prostaglandin synthetase activity by dexamethasone
      treatment in the rat.
AB  - We studied in rats the effect of dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg per week) on the
      conversion of radiolabeled arachidonic acid to prostaglandins by renal medulla
      slices, microsomes, and homogenates. The steroid did not affect the rate of
      conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins by renal medulla slices, but
      significantly increased the rate of conversion by both the microsomes and the
      10,000 X g supernatant of renal medulla homogenates. We conclude (a) that
      dexamethasone treatment increases the activity of renal medulla prostaglandin
      synthetase measured in broken cells preparations, and (b) that such a change in
      enzyme activity is not manifested by augmentation of prostaglandin synthesis in
      renal medulla slices incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6428406
TI  - The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on the velocity of thrombin
      stimulated platelet aggregation under physiological conditions.
AB  - We have studied the effect of ethoxzolamide , a specific carbonic anhydrase
      inhibitor, on the velocity of thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation. After
      preincubation of platelet rich plasma with 10(-6) M ethoxzolamide the velocity of
      platelet aggregation was reduced by about 40%. Between 10(-11) M and 10(-10)M
      ethoxzolamide was necessary to achieve a half-maximal diminution of the
      aggregation velocity. An identical maximal reduction of the velocity of
      aggregation as with ethoxzolamide could be achieved by a nearly complete removal
      of CO2 from the platelet rich plasma. These results suggest that the
      intracellular CO2 hydration-dehydration reaction is involved in the activation of
      human platelets by thrombin. It is possible that the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase
      of platelets provides a rapid source of the protons that are transferred across
      the plasma membrane during the activation process.

PMID- 6428407
TI  - N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, is a potent
      inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - Although the hypothesis that melatonin may act by inhibiting prostaglandin
      synthesis arose in part from the similar structures of melatonin and
      indomethacin, melatonin does not share the in vitro efficacy of indomethacin in
      inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. One possibility is that a metabolite of
      melatonin formed within the target cell might inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and
      in this study we have tested this by examining the action of the two oxidised
      metabolites, N-formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine formed by the action of
      indole 2,3-dioxygenase and N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine , formed in the brain
      by the action of formamidase . This latter compound which has a structure
      resembling the fenamate inhibitors of PG biosynthesis had a marked and time
      dependant inhibiting effect in synthesis using bovine and ovine seminal vesicle
      microsome preparations and measuring the products by using (1-14C) arachidonic
      acid and by using a specific antiserum for PGE methyl oxime.

PMID- 6428408
TI  - Primary amines and chloroquine inhibit cytotoxic responses to Shigella toxin and
      permit late antibody rescue of toxin treated cells.
AB  - The effect of lysosomotrophic agents and primary amine inhibitors of
      transglutaminase on Shigella toxin activity in HeLa cells was determined by
      measuring cytotoxicity and late antibody rescue. All agents tested resulted in
      significant antibody rescue, but only ammonium chloride, dansylcadaverine,
      putrescine, bacitracin, serine/borate buffer, and chloroquine were inhibitory in
      the absence of added antibody. These compounds appear to be acting within the
      endocytic vacuole and/or inhibiting translocation of toxin from the cell surface
      to the cytosol. These data are consistent with a mechanism of translocation of ST
      from the cell surface to the cytosol by the process of receptor mediated
      endocytosis.

PMID- 6428409
TI  - Comparative study of the DNA-binding HU-type proteins from slow growing and fast
      growing strains of Rhizobiaceae.
AB  - The DNA-binding HU-type proteins have been isolated from two very different
      strains of Rhizobiaceae : Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium japonicum.
      These proteins have been called HAt and HRj respectively. Their electrophoretic
      mobility on polyacrylamide gel, amino acid composition and crossed
      immunoreactivity have been compared to that of the homologous protein isolated
      from Rhizobium meliloti: the protein HRm . The proteins HAt and HRm show close
      similarities whereas the protein HRj differs markedly from the two others. The
      physico-chemical characteristics of the HU-type proteins from these Rhizobiaceae
      are in good agreement with the respective position of these bacteria in the
      taxonomy.

PMID- 6428410
TI  - Modulation of adenine nucleoside excretion and incorporation in adenosine
      deaminase deficient human lymphoma cells.
AB  - The availability of a human lymphoma cell line deficient in adenosine deaminase,
      adenosine kinase and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase enabled us to compare the
      effects of nucleoside transport inhibitors on the excretion of endogenously
      generated adenosine, deoxyadenosine and 5'-methylthioadenosine. The nucleoside
      transport inhibitors nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole blocked the efflux
      of adenosine, but not deoxyadenosine or 5'-methylthioadenosine. The inhibitors
      also prevented the uptake of exogenous adenosine, but not deoxyadenosine or 5'
      methylthioadenosine, by human lymphoblasts. The results show (i) that the
      transport inhibitors modify adenine nucleoside efflux and influx similarly, and
      (ii) that the effects of the compounds on the excretion and uptake of these three
      physiologically important adenine nucleosides are distinctly different.

PMID- 6428411
TI  - Effect of benzamide on cell growth, NAD and ATP levels in cultured chick limb bud
      cells.
AB  - Benzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, which augments
      chondrocytic differentiation, significantly decreased poly (ADP-ribose)
      synthetase activity in cultured chick limb bud cells. Benzamide significantly
      increased cell proliferation, but did not affect DNA synthesis per cultured cell.
      Furthermore, benzamide significantly increased NAD levels and synthesis, while it
      did not affect ATP levels and synthesis except for ATP synthesis on day 1. Thus,
      we suggest that benzamide augments both cell proliferation and NAD synthesis
      during chondrocytic differentiation.

PMID- 6428412
TI  - Metabolism of vinyltoluene in the rat: effect of induction and inhibition of the
      cytochrome.
AB  - Metabolism of vinyltoluene was studied in rats after injecting different doses of
      vinyltoluene. The main metabolites excreted in urine of rats after vinyltoluene
      treatment were: thioethers, p- methylmandelic acid, p- methylphenylglyoxylic
      acid, p- methylbenzoyl glycine, p- methylphenylacetyl glycine and p- vinylbenzoyl
      glycine. The highest excretion rate was obtained with doses of 50, 250 and 500
      mg/kg already within the first six ours. However, the dose of 500 mg/kg did not
      increase the excretion rates of these metabolites compared to the dose of 250
      mg/kg suggesting that the metabolic pathways begin to be saturated with the
      amount of 250 mg/kg. At the dose of 50 mg/kg 55% of the dose was detected as
      urinary metabolites within 23 hr, mainly within the first 6 hr. The amounts of
      the excreted metabolites expressed as per cent of the injected dose (250 mg/kg or
      500 mg/kg) were lower than that caused by 50 mg/kg, and a noticeable amount of
      the total sums were excreted within 11-23 hr suggesting that the excretion was
      still continued with the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg 23 hr after the injection.
      The excretion of all analyzed metabolites of vinyltoluene was prevented by the
      pretreatment of the rats with 1- phenylimidazole , an inhibitor of cytochrome P
      450 monoxygenases. This indicates that these metabolites were formed as catalyzed
      by cytochrome P-450. The structures of the analyzed metabolites suggest that the
      main reactive intermediate of vinyltoluene is vinyltoluene-7,8-oxide.
      Furthermore, the amounts of the excreted metabolites showed that the main
      detoxification pathways of v inyltoluene -7,8-oxide were the conjugation with
      reduced glutathione and hydration to diols. Pre-treatment of the rats with PCBs
      increased the excretion rates of the metabolites. However, the PCB-pretreated
      rats excreted less thioethers (62%) compared to the rats treated only with the
      same amount of vinyltoluene whereas the total sum of the other metabolites was
      about the same in these both groups. This result suggests that PCBs change the
      metabolism of vinyltoluene to some other pathway which could be glucuronide
      conjugation because PCBs increased the activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase in
      a dose-dependent manner.

PMID- 6428413
TI  - Nitroheterocycle metabolism in mammalian cells. Stimulation of the hexose
      monophosphate shunt.
AB  - Misonidazole, SR-2508, nitrofurazone and other nitroheterocycles stimulated
      release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose but not from [6-14C]glucose when incubated
      with mouse Ehrlich ascites cells or human A549 lung carcinoma cells in vitro.
      This demonstrated that the nitro compounds activated the hexose monophosphate
      shunt and is evidence that an important pathway of nitro reduction in these cell
      lines is electron transfer from NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase to the
      nitro group. Shunt activity was stimulated under both aerobic and anaerobic
      conditions. For catalase-free Ehrlich cells, aerobic effects were greater than
      anaerobic, indicating that NADPH was used for reduction of H2O2, via GSH
      peroxidase and reductase, as well as for one-electron nitro reduction, under
      aerobic conditions. Several of the compounds tested stimulated 14CO2 release from
      [2-14C]glucose as well as from [1-14C]-glucose. This shows that the cellular
      requirement for NADPH, in the presence of nitro drug, was great enough to cause
      recycling of pentose phosphates. Recycling could decrease the availability of
      ribose-5-P needed for nucleic acid synthesis, which could partly explain the
      inhibition of DNA synthesis observed upon prolonged aerobic incubation of cells
      with nitro compounds. Comparison of the rate of disappearance of nitrofurazone
      from anaerobic A549 cell suspensions with the rate of 14CO2 release suggests that
      the drug reduction in this cell line was catalyzed almost entirely by NADPH
      requiring enzymes.

PMID- 6428414
TI  - Endogenous anti-inflammatory factors.

PMID- 6428415
TI  - Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase by 2-acetylthiophene 2
      thiazolylhydrazone (CBS-1108) and effect on leukocyte migration in vivo.
AB  - CBS-1108, 2- acetylthiophene 2- thiazolyhydrazone , inhibits 5-lipoxygenase
      activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (IC50 = 2 X 10(-6) M), 12
      lipoxygenase (IC50 = 9 X 10(-6) M) and cyclooxygenase (IC50 = 2 X 10(-6) M) in
      platelets. Inhibition of the two pathways of arachidonic acid cascade could lead
      to additional beneficial anti-inflammatory activity by comparison with classical
      aspirin-like drugs. In fact, only inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase such as NDGA and CBS-1108 inhibit leukocyte migration in an animal
      model of acute inflammatory response.

PMID- 6428416
TI  - Interaction of the human leukocyte proteinases elastase and cathepsin G with
      gold, silver and copper compounds.
AB  - Gold thiomalate and the corresponding silver and copper derivatives were
      investigated as inhibitors of the human leukocyte proteinases elastase and
      cathepsin G. The kinetic inhibition mechanism for gold- and silver thiomalate is
      of the hyperbolic non-competitive type with both enzymes and the inhibitory
      efficiency of the metals increases in the order Cu less than Ag less than Au. On
      the contrary, D-penicillamine derivatives of the three metals do not influence at
      all the activity of the two proteinases. Although gold thiomalate is the most
      efficient of the investigated metal compounds (Ki = 33 microM and 25 microM for
      elastase and cathepsin G, respectively), the hyperbolic nature of the inhibition
      imposes a serious limit to its practical usefulness since the maximum inhibitory
      action on both enzymes is about 40%. We suggest that, in order to act as
      inhibitor, a copper, silver or gold compound must be able to easily transfer the
      metal to the enzyme.

PMID- 6428417
TI  - Relationship between drug-induced increases of GABA levels in discrete brain
      areas and different pharmacological effects in rats.
AB  - Following the administration of two gamma-aminobutyric acid-(GABA) elevating
      drugs, namely aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) and valproic acid (VPA), in rats, the
      relationship between the magnitude and the time course of increases in GABA
      levels of 11 brain regions and a number of pharmacological effects was studied.
      AOAA (30 mg/kg i.p.) caused significant GABA increases in all brain areas but the
      degree and time course of these increases showed considerable variation from
      region to region. The most marked effects were seen in the olfactory bulb,
      frontal cortex and hippocampus, in which maximum GABA elevations of 100-200% were
      reached 4-6 hr after AOAA injection. In all the other regions studied (corpus
      striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus, superior and inferior colliculus, substantia
      nigra, pons, medulla, cerebellum), increases in GABA were less marked and, at
      least in part, maximum increases (30-60% over control) were already reached by 1
      2 hr. In contrast to AOAA, VPA (200 mg/kg i.p.) produced significant increases in
      GABA levels only in the cortex, olfactory bulb, corpus striatum, hypothalamus and
      cerebellum, maximum effects (15-35%) being already reached 5-30 min after VPA
      administration. As regards pharmacological effects, AOAA caused marked
      hypothermia, which was maximal by 1 hr and could be reversed by increasing
      ambient temperature, whereas effects of VPA on body temperature were only
      moderate. On the other hand, both drugs exerted an almost equal, pronounced
      antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test. Anticonvulsant efficacy was
      evaluated in three seizure models, namely the maximal (tonic extension)
      electroconvulsive threshold, and seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and 3
      mercaptopropionic acid. Anticonvulsant effects of AOAA against electroshock and
      pentylenetetrazol could only be determined 1 hr after injection, at which time
      AOAA was inactive against 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures. VPA proved
      to be clearly superior to AOAA in both anticonvulsant potency and duration of
      action. The marked differences in functional effects between VPA and AOAA could
      not be related to their differential effects on GABA levels in discrete brain
      regions. The data thus suggest that measurement of total GABA in brain regions
      without consideration of the compartmentalization of the neurotransmitter is only
      of limited value to use in an attempt to correlate elevation of GABA levels and
      pharmacological effects.

PMID- 6428418
TI  - Selenium and drug metabolism--II. Independence of glutathione peroxidase and
      reversibility of hepatic enzyme modulations in deficient mice.
AB  - Male mice were fed a diet containing less than 0.01 ppm selenium (Se-) for 6
      months. A control group received the same diet containing 0.5 ppm selenium (Se+).
      In the livers of the Se- animals a drastic decrease in glutathione peroxidase
      (GSH-Px) activity was observed. It reached undetectable levels after 17 days of
      the Se- diet. At that time, GSH-transferase activity began to increase
      significantly, followed by changes in many other enzyme activities. After the
      60th day, these enzyme modulations had reached a plateau with the following
      percentage changes compared to controls: GSH-transferases: 320% (1,2-dichloro-4
      nitrobenzene), 218% (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene); glutathione reductase: 160%;
      ethoxycoumarin deethylase: 330%; cytochrome P-450-hydroperoxidase: 230%; heme
      oxygenase: 240%; UDP-glucuronyltransferase: 200%; GSH-thioltransferase: 64%;
      sulphotransferase: 62%; NADPH-cytochrome-P-450-reductase: 65%; flavin-containing
      mono-oxygenase: 57%. No significant changes were observed for GSH-transferase
      activity assayed with ethacrynic acid or for microsomal H2O2 formation and
      aniline hydroxylase activity. In single-pulse repletion experiments by injection
      of 250 micrograms selenium/kg body wt, different individual time constants for
      the recovery process of the enzymatic perturbations were observed. The half-times
      for the recovery ranged from 5.7 hr for the microsomal NADPH-cytochrome-P-450
      reductase to over 29 hr for GSH-Px up to 44 hr for part of the GSH-transferase
      activity. 250 micrograms selenium/kg body wt were needed to restore 50% of GSH-Px
      activity in the long-term Se- mice compared to Se+ controls. All other enzymatic
      changes in the Se- mice needed a dose of 7 micrograms selenium/kg body wt for 50%
      restorage . The results demonstrate that processes other than those related to
      GSH-Px take place in a later phase of selenium deficiency in mouse liver with a
      chronologically common beginning. The different repletion and depletion kinetics
      as well as the different need of these processes for the trace element are
      discussed with respect to the existence of two separate selenium pools.

PMID- 6428419
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of intracerebroventricularly administered valproate and
      valproate analogues. A dose-dependent correlation with changes in brain aspartate
      and GABA levels in DBA/2 mice.
AB  - Valproate and the branch-chain valproate analogues, 2-propyl-hexanoate and 2
      ethyl-hexanoate, block sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice following their
      intracerebroventricular administration, the ED50 values for the suppression the
      clonic phase of the seizures being 6.0, 5.0, and 10.2 mumoles respectively. The
      straight-chain analogues, butyrate and pentanoate , have no anticonvulsant
      activity. Systemic administration of branched-chain valproate analogues has
      previously shown a progressive increase in the anticonvulsant activity of the
      analogues with an increase in the chain-length of the molecules. This
      relationship is abolished when the same analogues are injected directly into the
      ventricles. The icv administration of the 2 straight-chain, inactive analogues
      produces no effect on brain aspartate and GABA levels (with the exception of a
      butyrate-induced 34% rise in forebrain GABA level). There is a dose-dependent
      decrease in aspartate levels in cerebellum and forebrain (up to 45-55%
      reduction), and a dose-dependent increase in GABA levels in forebrain (up to 30
      75% rise) 30 min after the icv administration of the 3 anticonvulsant branched
      chain fatty acids. 2-Propyl-hexanoate does not affect the cerebellar GABA level
      significantly, while valproate and 2-ethyl-hexanoate administration produce 20
      40% increases in cerebellar GABA levels.

PMID- 6428420
TI  - Characterization of heme oxygenase activity in Leydig and Sertoli cells of the
      rat testes. Differential distribution of activity and response to cadmium.
AB  - Leydig and Sertoli cells of the rat testes differ with respect to the activities
      of the enzymes of the heme and hemoprotein degradative pathway and in their
      responses to Cd2+ treatment. The microsomal heme oxygenase activity in the Leydig
      cell preparations was nearly 9- to 10-fold greater than in Sertoli cell
      preparations, but the characteristics of the enzyme appeared to be similar in
      both cell populations, as judged by the cofactor requirements and the inhibitory
      action of heme ligands. Differences between the two cell preparations also were
      detected in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase and in the
      contents of cytochrome P-450 and heme, with Leydig cells possessing the higher
      values. The activities of the cytosolic biliverdin reductase were comparable in
      both cell preparations. The significantly higher levels of porphyrins and the
      activities of delta- aminoleuvinate synthetase and uroporphyrinogen-I synthetase
      suggest that Leydig cells constitute the primary site of heme and hemoprotein
      biosynthetic activities. The mode of regulation of heme oxygenase activity in the
      testes and in the liver was compared. The responses of heme oxygenase to Cd2+
      treatment (20 mumoles/kg, 24 hr) in the two testicular cell populations were
      dissimilar and both differed from that of the liver. In Leydig cells, heme
      oxygenase activity was decreased dramatically, whereas in the liver the activity
      was greatly increased. Heme oxygenase activity in Sertoli cells was refractory to
      Cd2+. The Cd2+-mediated decrease in heme oxygenase activity in Leydig cells did
      not reflect a direct inhibitory action of Cd2+ on the enzyme or a decreased total
      content of the microsomal protein. The dissimilarity between the mode of
      regulation of heme metabolic activities in the testes, when determined in Leydig
      cells, and that in the liver involved the inability of bromobenzene to evoke an
      increase in heme oxygenase activity and the age-related changes in the activities
      of heme oxygenase and delta- aminoleuvinate synthetase. In contrast to heme
      oxygenase activity, the heme concentration in Sertoli cells was remarkably
      sensitive to Cd2+ treatment, where a 7-fold increase in heme concentration was
      observed. The same treatment caused only a 2-fold increase in heme concentration
      in Leydig cells. In the latter cells, however, the increase in heme concentration
      was accompanied by a marked reduction in cytochrome P-450 levels. The cytochrome
      could not be measured in Sertoli cell preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6428421
TI  - Inhibitors of histamine metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Correlations with
      antitrypanosomal activity.
AB  - The effects of antimalarial and antitrypanosomal drugs on the activity of
      histamine N-methyl transferase and diamine oxidase in vitro, as well as diamine
      oxidation and histamine levels in vivo, were examined. Diamidine antitrypanosomal
      drugs which interfere with polyamine metabolism were found to be potent
      inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Antrycide ( quinapyramine ) and
      isometamidium were the best inhibitors of both enzymes. Ki values for histamine N
      methyl transferase were 3 X 10(-8) M for both compounds, and the inhibition was
      competitive for histamine. Antrycide and isometamidium were both non-competitive
      inhibitors of diamine oxidase, having Ki values of 6 X 10(-9) M and 3 X 10(-9) M
      respectively. Isometamidium elevated histamine levels in rat kidney 2-fold and
      produced a long-term inhibition of putrescine oxidation in vivo. Among the
      compounds examined, only known active antitrypanosomal agents inhibited both
      histamine N-methyl transferase and diamine oxidase in vitro as well as putrescine
      oxidation in vivo. These observations suggest that the enzymes acting on
      histamine and putrescine as substrates can be used to select compounds which
      interfere with polyamine metabolism and that persistence of such compounds in
      vivo, as indicated by inhibition of putrescine oxidation, correlates with
      favorable chemotherapeutic properties as antitrypanosomal agents.

PMID- 6428422
TI  - Mode of interaction of ornithine decarboxylase with antizyme and alpha
      difluoromethylornithine.

PMID- 6428423
TI  - Scleroderma: possible significance of silent alleles at the C4B locus.

PMID- 6428424
TI  - The combined activity of ampicillin with streptomycin or chloramphenicol against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of ampicillin when combined at ten
      different ratios with either streptomycin or chloramphenicol against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa has been investigated. Synergistic bacteriostatic effect was obtained
      with all ampicillin/streptomycin combinations and 9 ratios of
      ampicillin/chloramphenicol combinations. The highest synergistic value was
      obtained by the ratios containing 98% of ampicillin and 2% of either streptomycin
      or chloramphenicol. A synergistic and an indifferent combined bactericidal effect
      was obtained with ampicillin/streptomycin and ampicillin/chloramphenicol
      combinations respectively. The mechanism of such synergism is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6428425
TI  - [Comparative studies of tocainide and propafenone in the treatment of ventricular
      arrhythmias].
AB  - In 15 patients with ventricular arrhythmias without previous treatment the
      effectiveness of 2-amino-2',6'-dimethylpropionanilide (tocainide, Xylotocan) and
      propafenone was compared in a cross-over-trial. 14 Patients had ventricular
      arrhythmias of the Lown classification IVa-V, 1 patient of Lown classification
      III. In 3 patients after the first course of tocainide resp. propafenone no
      change in therapy was made because of reducing the Lown classification by two or
      more grades. All patients had 24-h-ECG-Holter-Monitoring before, at the 4th day
      before change of therapy, and at the 9th day of therapy. Following relevant
      results were found: Both tocainide (p less than 0,005) and propafenone (p less
      than 0,05) reduce the total amount of ventriculare premature beats (VPB) without
      statistical significant difference between both substances. Both tocainide (p
      less than 0,005) and propafenone (p less than 0,02) reduce the number of isolated
      polytope VPB without statistical significant difference between both substances.
      Only tocainide (p less than 0,005) reduces couplets, but there was no statistical
      significant difference to propafenone. Neither tocainide nor propafenone alone
      was able to make total suppression of the ventricular arrhythmias in the patients
      included in this study. Both substances were able to lower VPB buth with a more
      favourable but statistically not significant therapeutic effect of tocainide.

PMID- 6428426
TI  - [Light chain deposit disease: an anatomopathological entity].
AB  - The light chain deposition disease was recently identified as a systemic
      clinicopathological entity characterized by amorphous extracellular deposits
      which differ from the amyloid substance. Various organs may be involved, notably
      the kidney, the liver, the myocardium and the skin. The histopathological aspects
      were investigated in 3 cases. By immunofluorescence using frozen sections the
      deposits were shown to contain monoclonal light kappa or lambda chains. By
      electron microscopy they appeared to be granular and usually located close to
      epithelial and/or vascular basal lamina. There was in every case a monoclonal
      lymphoplasmacytoid proliferation. In one case amyloid deposits were associated in
      small vessels. In another one, follow-up study after chemotherapy showed
      improvement of hepatomegaly, stabilization of renal function, and regression of
      light chain deposits in skin biopsy specimens.

PMID- 6428427
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural Sectors. Frequency of electrocardiographic
      changes in 1714 subjects with positive serology and in 8276 with negative
      serology].

PMID- 6428428
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural Sectors. Study of esophageal motility in
      subjects with positive serology].

PMID- 6428429
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural Sectors. Domiciliary triatomid infestation and
      Trypanosoma cruzi infection of the vector and mammals of Region I (1982-1983)].

PMID- 6428430
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Urban Sectors. IV--Frequency of Chagas' infection in
      blood donors and in mothers and newborn infants under care at the Arica Hospital
      (Region I, 1982-1983)].

PMID- 6428431
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Urban Sectors. V--Frequency of Trypanosoma cruzi
      infection in blood donors and in mothers and newborn infants at the Iquique
      Hospital (Region I, 1982-1983)].

PMID- 6428432
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamases.
AB  - Forty recently isolated hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assayed
      to determine the part played by the production of beta-lactamase in their
      resistance to beta-lactamic antibiotics, together with the relative importance of
      constitutive and inducible enzymes in such resistance in the case of
      carbenicillin (CB). 62.5% were CB-resistant. In 56% of cases, this resistance was
      due to the production of a class Vd constitutive enzyme, whereas it was
      ascribable to intrinsic resistance in the other 44%.

PMID- 6428433
TI  - Immunomodulation by Bacillus subtilis spores.
AB  - This study was undertaken in order to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of
      heat-killed Bacillus subtilis spores as well as of one soluble and one insoluble
      fraction obtained after their mechanical breakage. The results demonstrate that
      heat-killed spores, the soluble and the insoluble fraction enhance the primary
      PFC response to T-dependent antigens such as SRBC and HRBC, but not to T
      independent antigens such as Ficoll-TNP. However, the same doses capable of
      enhancing the production of antibodies against T-dependent antigens were unable
      to modify the host CMI, evaluated in terms of contact sensitivity to oxazolone.

PMID- 6428434
TI  - [Plasma variations of pituitary hormones during extracorporeal circulation].
AB  - In this research we have determined the behaviour of hypophisary hormones
      determined by radioimmunoassay. We have noted a constant increase of GH and HPrL.
      In one case we have seen also the decrease of LH and FSH. This changes are
      determined by the large dose of heparin necessary during C.E.C.

PMID- 6428435
TI  - [Behavior of vitamin A, beta-carotene, retinol binding protein and prealbumin in
      the plasma of hypo- and hyperthyroid subjects].
AB  - Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and retinol, determined by HPLC, and of
      transport proteins, ascertained by immunodiffusion technique, in hypo and
      hyperthyroid subjects are reported. In hypothyroid subject a considerable
      increase in carotene was noted. This was not the case for retinol. In
      hyperthyroids both beta-carotene and retinol levels were found to be normal.
      Transport protein (PA and RBP) levels were found to be lower only in cases of
      hyperthyroidism but unchanged for hypothyroids. According to the Authors the
      results show that the alteration in plasma carotene levels to be found in
      hypothyroid subjects is not the direct consequence of a lack of thyroid hormone
      in the metabolism of vitamin A but the indirect effect of thyroid disease.

PMID- 6428436
TI  - [Evaluation of TSH secretion after GnRh in patients with primary hypothyroidism].
AB  - 6 women (mean age 38 years) with high Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) serum
      levels because affected from primary hypothyroidism were studied. 6 healthy women
      (mean age 31 years) represented the control group. All subjects underwent
      evaluation of serum TSH, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone
      (LH), basally and 20, 30, 60, 120 minutes after administration of Gonadotropin
      Releasing Hormone (GnRH: 100 meg. IV). Seric FSH and LH show a large increase 30
      minutes after GnRH either in healthy or in hypothyroid subjects. TSH is
      unresponsive to GnRH in normal condition, while shows a clear decrease (-78%) 30
      minutes after GnRH in primary hypothyroidism. Rarely the hypothalamic releasing
      hormones possess an inhibitory effect on anteipophyseal secretions. Previously a
      GnRH inhibitory effect on prolactin (PRL) release from PRL secreting tumors in
      rat. The GnRH inhibitory effect on TSH release in pathological conditions such as
      primary hypothyroidism is difficult to explain: it may be that GnRH acts on
      Central Nervous System or at pituitary level: in the last case it could bind
      sites which are not quite different in the different glycoprotein secreting
      cells.

PMID- 6428437
TI  - [Epidemiology and genetics of neurocutaneous syndrome, with special reference to
      Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis].

PMID- 6428438
TI  - [Neurocutaneous syndromes and tumors of the central nervous system].

PMID- 6428439
TI  - [Neurocutaneous syndrome].

PMID- 6428440
TI  - [Multiple cerebrovascular occlusive disease associated with neurofibromatosis].
AB  - Multiple cerebrovascular occlusive disease is rarely seen in patients with
      neurofibromatosis. Two cases of such lesions are presented and literatures
      dealing with the clinical and angiographical aspects of this occlusive disease
      are reviewed. Case 1; A 38-year-old normotensive man had sudden onset of
      vomiting, left hemiparesis and disturbance of consciousness, one day before the
      admission. He had family history of neurofibromatosis, and examination showed
      cafe au lait spots over the body. CT scans revealed a subcortical hematoma in the
      right temporal lobe. Angiogram revealed multiple occlusive lesions of the
      cerebral arteries, including occlusions of the right internal carotid artery
      (ICA) at the distal end, middle (MCA) and anterior (ACA) cerebral artery at the
      proximal portion, and stenosis of the left ICA and ACA. Abnormal vascular
      networks at the base of the brain were also seen bilaterally. Decompressive
      craniectomy, removal of the hematoma and bilateral ventricular drainage were
      performed. Postoperative course was excellent. Angiogram performed five and a
      half years later, during which time without any surgical procedures, demonstrated
      no apparent angiographic differences from the previous one. Case 2; A 29-year-old
      woman without family history of neurofibromatosis presented with sudden onset
      left hemiparesis. Cafe au lait spots were found over the body. A CT scan revealed
      small infarctions in the territory of the right MCA, and angiogram demonstrated
      multiple occlusive lesions of the cerebral arteries, including stenosis of the
      bilateral ICA, the left MCA, both ACAs at the proximal portion, and the right
      posterior cerebral artery, and occlusions of the right MCA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428441
TI  - Assessment of the pulpotomy technique in human first permanent mandibular molars.
      Use of two direct inspection criteria.

PMID- 6428442
TI  - Renal actions of a uricosuric diuretic, racemic indacrinone, in man: comparison
      with ethacrynic acid and hydrochlorothiazide.
AB  - The effects of indacrinone (IND) have been investigated in a two part study.
      First, a total of 36 clearance studies have been performed in 14 healthy
      volunteers, under conditions of either maximal hydration or hydropenia, to
      compare the renal sites of action of single oral doses of IND, 20 mg, ethacrynic
      acid (EA), 100 mg, and hydrochorothiazide (HCTZ), 100 mg. Under conditions of
      maximal water hydration, IND increased fractional Na+ excretion from a mean of
      1.19 +/- 0.05 to 4.93 +/- 0.67% of GFR. This was similar to the response seen
      with HCTZ, which increased fractional Na+ clearance up to 3.16 +/- 0.17% of GFR;
      EA increased fractional Na+ excretion up to 14.5 +/- 2.5% of GFR. The mean
      reduction in fractional free-water clearance (CH2O/GFR X 100%) invoked by IND,
      (delta = -34.8% of control) was similar to that produced by EA, (delta = -27.2%
      of control), and by HCTZ, (delta = -26.6% of control). During hydropenia with
      superimposed mannitol diuresis, both IND and EA caused a fall in fractional free
      water reabsorption (TcH2O/GFR X 100%), delta IND = -20.3% of control, delta EA = 
      70.1% of control. HCTZ produced a significant increase in fractional free-water
      reabsorption, delta HCTZ = -20.7% of control. In all studies, single doses of IND
      were both uricosuric and hypouricaemic. Fractional urate excretion increased from
      a mean 6.7 +/- 0.1 to 15.2 +/- 2.1% of GFR whilst plasma urate concentration fell
      from a mean of 0.36 +/- 0.03 to 0.34 +/- 0.03 mM (P less than 0.05) within 2-3 h
      post drug. HCTZ and EA, in single doses, had little effect on urate excretion. In
      the second part of the study, a total of 16 healthy volunteers received either
      IND, 10 mg, or HCTZ 50 mg, orally for 8 days, whilst on a diet of controlled
      electrolyte content. Both drugs were well tolerated by both sets of subjects with
      no adverse clinical or pathological findings. Both IND and HCTZ caused a
      significant reduction in weight and standing systolic blood-pressure during the
      first 48 h of therapy. At the doses administered, IND and HCTZ displayed similar
      diuretic responses with respect to water, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ and PO4(3-) excretion.
      IND produced less kaliuresis than HCTZ during the first treatment day but
      cumulative K+ loss was similar for both drugs over the eight days of therapy.
      Fractional urate excretion after IND remained elevated throughout the 8 days of
      therapy and the subjects remained isouricaemic for 7 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6428443
TI  - Contribution of prostaglandins to the systemic and renal vascular response to
      frusemide in normal man.
AB  - In eight normotensive male volunteers indomethacin decreased both the peak urine
      flow rate and total sodium excreted within 1 h of an intravenous dose of
      frusemide. Resting effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate
      were unchanged by indomethacin, but the increase in both parameters after
      frusemide was inhibited. The early increase in plasma renin activity after
      frusemide was inhibited by indomethacin. Indomethacin decreased urinary excretion
      of PGE by 80% and the increase after frusemide was abolished. The urinary
      excretion of a metabolite of systemic PGI2 was unaltered in the 40-60 min period
      following frusemide. The early haemodynamic effects of frusemide are likely to be
      prostaglandin mediated, but there was no evidence of any change in systemic PGI2
      synthesis after frusemide.

PMID- 6428444
TI  - Phenytoin intoxication as the first symptom of fatal liver damage induced by
      sodium valproate.

PMID- 6428445
TI  - Small intestinal permeability to sugars in patients with atopic eczema.
AB  - Absorption of lactulose and mannitol was measured in eleven patients with atopic
      eczema and lactulose/mannitol excretion ratios were calculated. Mean lactulose
      absorption was increased in the patients with exzema and their excretion ratios
      were higher than those of controls. There was no correlation between either
      eczema extent or severity and the excretion ratio. We conclude that small
      intestinal passive permeability is increased in some patients with atopic eczema.

PMID- 6428446
TI  - Platelet and vascular arachidonic acid metabolites: can they help detect a
      tendency towards thrombosis?

PMID- 6428447
TI  - An early intermediate in the folding of ribonuclease A is protected against
      cleavage by pepsin.
AB  - Folding of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) is a sequential process
      which involves the formation of well-populated structural intermediates under
      suitable conditions. Two intermediates have been detected on the major slow
      refolding pathway of RNase A: a late intermediate (IN) which already resembles
      the native protein in a number of properties and a rapidly formed early
      intermediate (I1) which shows extensive hydrogen-bonded secondary structure. Here
      competition experiments between refolding and proteolytic cleavage of the peptide
      chain are described which yield information about the decrease in accessibility
      of particular proteolytic cleavage sites during the folding process. Results
      obtained with pepsin as a proteolytic probe of folding indicate that the primary
      cleavage site for pepsin, Phe-120-Asp-121, becomes inaccessible early in the
      course of refolding, if folding is carried out under conditions which effectively
      stabilize the native state. Under marginally stable conditions, folding is very
      slow, and protection against peptic cleavage is not detectable prior to the final
      formation of native protein. The comparison with amide proton exchange
      experiments suggests that the protection against peptic cleavage occurs during
      the formation and/or stabilization of hydrogen-bonded secondary structure in the
      early intermediate (I1). We conclude that the carboxy-terminal region of the
      RNase peptide chain, which is known to be important for the stability of the
      folded protein, may also be relevant for early steps of refolding.

PMID- 6428448
TI  - Bound-cation exchange affects the lag phase in actin polymerization.
AB  - The delay or lag phase at the onset of polymerization of actin by neutral salt is
      generally attributed to an actin nucleation reaction. However, when nucleation is
      circumvented by the use of phalloidin-stabilized nuclei, a lag phase persists
      when Ca2+-containing actin is polymerized with MgCl2. Pretreatment of actin with
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)
      and/or Mg2+ shortens or eliminates this lag phase, suggesting that exchange of
      the actin-bound divalent cation occurs during this nucleation-independent lag
      phase. Measurement of the actin-bound cation initially and after brief incubation
      with EGTA/Mg2+ directly verifies that Mg2+ has replaced Ca2+ as the actin-bound
      cation, producing a highly polymerizable Mg2+-actin species. Bound-cation
      exchange prolongs the lag phase in actin polymerization and probably explains
      what has been termed the monomer activation step in actin polymerization.

PMID- 6428449
TI  - Degradation of serum amyloid A and apolipoproteins by serum proteases.
AB  - We have investigated the protease activity, present in human serum, that digests
      the serum amyloid A (SAA) protein. SAA radiolabeled with 125I was incubated at 37
      degrees C with serum and plasma and analyzed for degradation products by alkaline
      urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. Serum
      initially digested SAA to intermediates of 3000-5000 in molecular weight, and
      these were further degraded to smaller peptides with prolonged incubation. SAA
      was not degraded by plasma anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      (EDTA) or heparin. Recalcification of plasma anticoagulated with EDTA led to the
      generation of protease activity against SAA whereas EDTA plasma defibrinated with
      thrombin was inactive. We employed both nonselective and selective protease
      inhibitors and synthetic substrates for kallikrein and plasmin to further
      characterize the serum protease. These studies demonstrated that degradation of
      SAA is not directly attributable to enzymes involved in coagulation, kinin
      formation, or fibrinolysis, but the unidentified protease may be activated by one
      of the clotting factors. The specificity of the SAA degradation was demonstrated
      in experiments with three of the well-characterized apolipoproteins.
      Apolipoproteins A-I, C-I, and C-III-1, which also associate with the plasma high
      density lipoproteins, were not degraded by serum although they were good
      substrates for purified thrombin and plasmin.

PMID- 6428450
TI  - Irreversible ATP depletion caused by low concentrations of formaldehyde and of
      calcium-chelator esters in intact human red cells.
AB  - Calcium chelators which can be incorporated inside small cells without disruption
      have become useful tools to investigate the role of intracellular ionized calcium
      in the processes of cell activation and signal-effect mediation. In experiments
      designed to investigate further Ca2+ pump function in chelator-loaded human red
      cells we found that the chelator-loading procedure itself caused delayed Ca2+
      pump inhibition when pump function was explored by increasing the intracellular
      Ca2+ levels with the aid of the divalent cation ionophore A23187. Ca2+-pump
      inhibition was found to be secondary to ATP-depletion, and ATP-depletion, in
      turn, could be attributed to formaldehyde, which was released during the
      hydrolytic incorporation of free chelator, from the cleavage of the four ester
      groups which anchor it to cell membranes on addition to cell suspensions. The
      evidence suggests that the formaldehyde released stays largely within the cells.
      Formaldehyde, in concentrations of up to 20 mmol/l cells had no direct effects on
      Ca2+ transport in red cells, other than through ATP depletion. Procedures to
      circumvent the difficulties arising from the formaldehyde effects are outlined
      and discussed.

PMID- 6428451
TI  - KCl loss and cell shrinkage in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell induced by
      hypotonic media, 2-deoxyglucose and propranolol.
AB  - Ehrlich ascites tumor cells lose KCl and shrink after swelling in hypotonic media
      and in response to the addition of 2-deoxyglucose, propranolol, or the Ca2+
      ionophore, A23187, plus Ca2+ in isotonic media. All of these treatments activate
      cell shrinkage via a pathway with the following characteristics: (1) the KCl loss
      responsible for cell shrinkage does not alter the membrane potential; (2) NO3(-)
      does not substitute for Cl-; (3) the net KCl movements are not inhibited by
      quinine or DIDS; and (4) early in this study furosemide was effective in
      inhibiting cell shrinkage but this sensitivity was subsequently lost. This
      evidence suggests that the KCl loss in these cells occurs via a cotransport
      mechanism. In addition, hypotonic media and the other agents used here stimulate
      a Cl(-) - Cl(-) exchange, a net loss of K+ and a net gain of Na+ which are not
      responsible for cell shrinkage. The Ehrlich cell also appears to have a Ca2+
      activated, quinine-sensitive K+ conductive pathway but this pathway is not part
      of the mechanism by which these cells regulate their volume following swelling or
      shrink in isotonic media in response to 2-deoxyglucose or propranolol. Shrinkage
      by the loss of K+ through the Ca2+ stimulated pathway appears to be limited by Cl
      conductive movements; for when NO3(-), an anion demonstrated here to have a
      higher conductive movement than Cl-, is substituted for Cl-, the cells will
      shrink when the Ca2+-stimulated K+ pathway is activated.

PMID- 6428452
TI  - Efflux of gamma-aminobutyric acid from and appearance of free arachidonic acid
      inside synaptosomes.
AB  - When synaptosomes were depolarized in the presence of Ca2+, or when Ca2+ was
      added to synaptosomes pretreated with Ca2+ ionophore (A23187), free arachidonic
      acid was clearly increased within synaptosomes, and at the same time an efflux of
      gamma-aminobutyric acid from synaptosomes was observed. Moreover, when
      synaptosomes labelled with [14C]arachidonic acid were depolarized in the presence
      of Ca2+, there was a significant decrease in the radioactivity of the fatty acid
      of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Exogenously added arachidonic
      acid, but not other fatty acids, stimulated the efflux of gamma-aminobutyric acid
      in the absence of Ca2+. These observations suggest that the release of
      arachidonic acid from phospholipids is an intrinsic part of the biochemical
      mechanism that modulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid efflux.

PMID- 6428453
TI  - Shape changes in goose erythrocytes.
AB  - Goose erythrocytes were subjected to agents and treatments that produce
      echinocytosis in human erythrocytes. In the presence of the ionophore A23187 and
      calcium at greater than micromolar concentrations, goose red cells retained their
      normal ellipsoidal symmetry, but developed extensive semiregular membrane
      wrinkles or corrugations. Metabolic NTP (nucleoside triphosphate) depletion,
      induced either by iodoacetamide or by incubating the cells without a substrate,
      initially produced a similar cell corrugation, but after prolonged incubation
      most cells became spherical with the nucleus displaced to the cell periphery. The
      echinocytic agents indomethacin and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine had no effect
      on the gross morphology of goose erythrocytes.

PMID- 6428454
TI  - Adhesion of platelets to microcapsules and the role of complement.
AB  - Rabbit platelets rapidly adhered to carboxylated polyamide microcapsules through
      the adsorbed layer of plasma components. These components were found to be heat
      labile proteins, which exist in fresh serum, and to demand calcium ions to
      function. These findings ascribed the components to the complement system. In
      fact, a good correlation was obtained between platelet adhesion to, and
      complement fixation by, the microcapsules. Moreover, the activation of the
      complement system by the microcapsules was assumed to proceed via the classical
      pathway. It was concluded that adhesion of platelets to the microcapsules is
      brought about by immune adherence.

PMID- 6428455
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets. II. The effects of
      glucose and of inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism on insulin secretion and
      metabolite synthesis.
AB  - Isolated pancreatic islets from the rat incubated with 28 mM glucose have been
      found to secrete more insulin and to synthesize greater amounts of arachidonate
      lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products than islets incubated with 3 mM glucose.
      This effect was not apparent in studies examining metabolism of radiolabeled
      arachidonate and was revealed only when the metabolites were quantitated with
      mass spectrometric measurements. That the glucose-induced synthesis of
      arachidonate metabolites may participate in insulin secretion was suggested by
      studies with inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism. Eicosa 5,8,11,14 tetrynoic
      acid (ETYA) suppressed glucose-induced insulin secretion by 63-74% at a
      concentration (20 microM) which inhibited the synthesis of arachidonate
      lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products by 90%. Indomethacin (10 microM)
      completely prevented islet synthesis of cyclooxygenase products but did not
      influence glucose-induced insulin secretion. Although indomethacin did not
      inhibit the conversion of exogenous, 3H-labeled arachidonate to [3H]12-HETE, it
      did significantly inhibit (41-72%) the synthesis of 12-HETE from endogenous
      precursor. This is presumed to reflect indirect effects of indomethacin on
      hydrolysis of arachidonate from phospholipids, as recently reported in platelets.
      These studies constitute the first demonstration that glucose stimulates the
      synthesis of a lipoxygenase product (12-HETE) from endogenous arachidonate by
      isolated islets, and that suppression of 12-HETE synthesis with ETYA reduces
      glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated islets.

PMID- 6428456
TI  - Thermodynamics of lipid-protein association. Enthalphy of association of
      apolipoprotein A-II with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol mixtures.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-II spontaneously associates with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      (DMPC)-cholesterol mixtures to give products whose composition is a sensitive
      function of temperature and cholesterol content. At most temperatures, the lipid
      to-protein stoichiometry of the product recombinant increases with increasing
      mol% cholesterol. Up to about 18 mol% cholesterol, the complexes have the same
      average sterol/DMPC ratio as that of the starting mixtures. At 24 mol%
      cholesterol or higher, no detectable lipid/protein complex formed. At 37 degrees
      C, the lipid-to-protein stoichiometry is essentially constant, irrespective of
      the cholesterol content and substitution of unsaturated phospholipids for DMPC.
      The enthalpy of lipid-protein association is a function of cholesterol content
      and, at 25 degrees C, increases linearly with the mol% cholesterol in the
      reaction mixture until it becomes endothermic between 15 and 20 mol% cholesterol.
      The results fit a model in which cholesterol is excluded from phospholipids in
      the 'boundary' layer, which is perturbed by the protein. At high cholesterol
      concentrations, the formation of a recombinant is thermodynamically unfavorable.

PMID- 6428457
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis linked to phosphatidylinositol turnover in isolated rat
      glomeruli.
AB  - Prostaglandins produced by the glomerulus are important factors in controlling
      glomerular function. The controlling step, i.e., the release of arachidonic acid
      from the phospholipids by either phospholipase A2 and/or C, remains poorly
      defined. The present studies were designed to determine which factors control
      arachidonic acid turnover and prostaglandin synthesis in glomeruli. As tools we
      used the calcium ionophore A23187, mepacrine, a phospholipase inhibitor,
      trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, and angiotensin II. A23187 (2 microM)
      caused a significant stimulation of both prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2
      alpha synthesis (measured by radioimmunoassay), which was associated with
      increased phosphatidylinositol turnover (measured by [14C]arachidonic acid and
      [32P]orthophosphate incorporation). Surprisingly, trifluoperazine (10-100 microM)
      also progressively increased synthesis of both prostaglandins, which was
      accompanied by increased phosphatidic acid/phosphatidylinositol turnover and
      decreased phosphatidylinositol content. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine turnover were significantly inhibited by trifluoperazine
      and their total content remained unaffected. Mepacrine (1 mM) decreased
      prostaglandin synthesis and both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine
      turnover, and had no consistent effect on phosphatidylinositol turnover in
      control glomeruli. Mepacrine did, however, inhibit both A23187 or trifluoperazine
      induced increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover. Angiotensin II increased
      turnover of phosphatidylinositol and also phosphatidylcholine, as determined by
      incorporation of [14C]arachidonic acid. Thus, all agents that increased
      prostaglandin synthesis also enhanced phosphatidylinositol turnover. The exact
      pathway of arachidonic acid release remains to be determined.

PMID- 6428458
TI  - Sex differences in arachidonate cyclo-oxygenase products in elicited rat
      peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages were elicited by Freund's incomplete adjuvant from adult
      male and female Fisher 344 rats. The release of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane
      B2 from these macrophages was determined by radioimmunoassay. The basal release
      of these products was the same for males and females. The macrophages of the
      female rats released, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly more
      prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 than macrophages from the male, following
      challenge with either a particulate stimulus, zymosan (25-150 micrograms/ml) or a
      soluble stimulus, calcium ionophore A23187 (1 X 10(-7) -1 X 10(-6) M). These
      results may relate to gender differences in immune responses.

PMID- 6428459
TI  - Characterization of arachidonic acid metabolic profiles in animal tissues by high
      resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A standardized, highly specific routine method was developed for the quantitative
      profiling of cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in animal tissues.
      Whole homogenates were used to assess the potential capacity of tissues to
      metabolize endogenous arachidonic acid. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The
      screening of several rat tissues by this method revealed marked tissue
      specificity in both the synthesis capacity and prostaglandin profile. The major
      products detected were: 6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha for lung, stomach, muscle and
      heart; prostaglandin D2 for spleen, brain and liver; prostaglandin F2alpha for
      kidney and prostaglandin E2 for seminal vesicles. Marked species differences were
      found when guinea pig tissues were analyzed.

PMID- 6428460
TI  - Apolipoprotein E Bethesda. Isolation and partial characterization of a variant of
      human apolipoprotein E isolated from very low density lipoproteins.
AB  - A variant of apolipoprotein E, denoted E Bethesda, has been identified in the
      plasma of a 72-year-old woman with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. An offspring of
      the proband also has this variant and type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
      Apolipoprotein E Bethesda was isolated by preparative isoelectrofocusing followed
      by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from the very low density
      lipoproteins of the proband's son. The purity and the identity of the preparation
      were analyzed by analytical SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis and by immunochemical analysis. Apolipoprotein E
      Bethesda migrates in the E 1 position and its electrophoretic mobility is not
      affected by neuraminidase treatment. The protein is shifted to the E3 position
      after cysteamine treatment. The amino acid composition revealed the presence of
      two cysteine residues. These data support the concept that the apolipoprotein E
      Bethesda allele is derived from a mutation of the E2 or E2* allele.

PMID- 6428461
TI  - Increase of sialyltransferase activity in the serum and liver of inflamed rats.
AB  - Induction of inflammation by turpentine injection caused 1.5-2-fold increase of
      both sialyl- and galactosyltransferase activity in liver homogenates. The effect
      was apparent after 12 h of turpentine treatment. Serum sialyltransferase activity
      started to increase in the inflamed rats after 18 h, reaching a maximum of 4-fold
      at 48 h. In contrast, galactosyltransferase activity in serum showed no
      significant increase. The coordinated and temporal increase of sialyltransferase
      activity in liver and serum suggest involvement of a specific mechanism for the
      preferential release of this enzyme into serum.

PMID- 6428462
TI  - Inhibition of blood platelet aggregation by dioxo-ene compounds.
AB  - Compounds with a conjugated oxo-ene-oxo system were tested for inhibition of
      blood platelet aggregation. All compounds with this structure in trans
      configuration were effective inhibitors of aggregation induced by thrombin and by
      arachidonic acid. While the oxo-trans-ene-oxo system is prerequisite for such
      activity, other structural features of the compounds may be varied without loss
      of activity. Inhibition is exemplified by 9,12-dioxo-trans-10- and 10,13-dioxo
      trans-11-octadecenoic acids and their methyl esters, by 11,14-dioxo-trans-12-
      eicosenoic acid, by 4,7-dioxo-trans-5- decene and by trans- dibenzoylethylene .
      The half-inhibition concentrations are in the order of 2-6 microM, with complete
      inhibition at 8-20 microM. According to experiments with the inhibiting 9,12
      dioxo-trans-10-octadecenoic acid, the normal oxygenation of exogenous arachidonic
      acid by platelets is not affected but the thrombin-induced internal release of
      this acid seems to be abolished by the inhibitor. The inhibition of aggregation
      in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid and its products suggests that the
      inhibitor also interferes with other events leading to aggregation. By
      implication from other properties of the oxo-trans-ene-oxo system, reaction with
      SH groups may be a mechanism for inhibition.

PMID- 6428463
TI  - Further characterization of porcine plasma fibronectin which contains fucosylated
      carbohydrate chains.
AB  - Porcine plasma fibronectin and its functional four fragments produced by
      cathepsin B digestion were examined for biological, immunochemical and
      biochemical properties. Native fibronectin, 150-kDa and 130-kDa fragments
      exhibited similar cell attachment-promoting activity to each other. In an
      Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion system, these three polypeptides formed a
      precipitin line with anti-fibronectin antiserum, while the 50-kDa and 30-kDa
      fragments did not. The 150-kDa and 130-kDa fragments contained free
      sulfhydryl(s). The glycopeptide fractions were prepared by pronase digestion of
      porcine and human plasma fibronectin, and radiolabeled with [14C]acetic
      anhydride. The results of affinity chromatography with concanavalin A and lentil
      lectin immobilized on agarose indicated that the porcine glycopeptide fraction
      was different from the human fraction in that a larger part (58%) of the former
      was bound to lentil lectin. About 90% of this lentil lectin-reactive
      glycopeptides lost this reactivity upon alpha-L-fucosidase digestion. The
      glycopeptide fractions were also prepared from three carbohydrate-containing
      domains. Less than 30% of the radioactivity of the glycopeptide fractions of 150
      kDa and 130-kDa fragments was retained on the lentil lectin-agarose, while about
      90% of that from the 50-kDa fragment was retained. These results indicate that
      porcine plasma fibronectin has characteristics very similar to those of human
      plasma fibronectin and others, but is unique in that it contains fucosylated
      carbohydrate chains which unevenly distribute through functional domains.

PMID- 6428464
TI  - Phototaxis and photophobic responses in Stentor coeruleus. Action spectrum and
      role of Ca2+ fluxes.
AB  - Negative phototactic orientation, step-up photophobic responses and light-induced
      action potentials have been studied in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus. A resolved
      action spectrum, based on fluence rate-response curves, is consistent with
      stentorin as the photoreceptor. Calcium flux blockers prolong the response time
      for ciliary stop and reversal and inhibit step-up photophobic responses. Drugs
      believed to affect the membrane-bound calcium pump likewise inhibit phobic
      responses. On the other hand, alpha-phosphatidic acid promotes Ca2+-influx and
      enhances the photophobic sensitivity of the organism, thus providing an
      unambiguous evidence for the role of Ca2+ influx. A change in the response time
      decreases the degree of phototactic orientation, indicating that negative
      phototaxis in this organism is brought about by subsequent phobic responses of
      individual rows of cilia as the associated photoreceptor granules experience an
      increase in light intensity when the organism rotates during forward locomotion
      in lateral light.

PMID- 6428465
TI  - [Resonance Raman spectroscopy of polynucleotides].
AB  - Resonance Raman Spectroscopy allows a selective study of the bases of DNA and
      therefore of the interactions of these bases with ligands. This technique is also
      sensitive to structural modifications. We show here that, first, the structures
      of native poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and poly(dA).poly(dT) are not the same and
      that, secondly, it is possible to characterize the B----Z transition of poly(dG
      dC).poly(dG-dC). The study of the Raman hypochromism during the thermal
      denaturation of the polynucleotides reveals that the stacking of the adenines in
      poly(dA).poly(dT) is near that observed in poly(rA) but differs of this stacking
      in poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT). The enhancement of the intensity of the guanine line
      at 1193 cm-1 and of the cytosine lines at 780 cm-1, 1 242 cm-1 and 1268 cm-1 as
      well as the shift of the guanine line at low frequency should allow to
      characterize a small proportion of base pairs in Z form in any DNA.

PMID- 6428466
TI  - Electric birefringence of eukaryotic ribosomes.
AB  - Eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunits were studied by transient electric
      birefringence. Conformations of subunits in active and inactive states upon
      changes in magnesium concentration were compared by electric birefringence and
      orientational relaxation time measurements. Active subunits exhibit a positive
      birefringence and a relaxation time of the order of 8 microseconds. In the
      presence of EDTA, inactive subunits show no birefringence. When Mg2+ is reverted
      in the cold to its initial level, the electro-optical properties of the subunits
      are partially restored although the particles remain biologically inactive.

PMID- 6428467
TI  - [Kinetic and allosteric properties of highly-purified, biosynthetic L-threonine
      dehydrogenase from brewer's yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis].
AB  - Kinetic and allosteric propeties of highly purified "biosynthetic" L-threonine
      dehydratase from brewer's yeast S. carlbergensis were studied at three pH values,
      using L-threonine and L-serine as substrates. It was shown that the plot of the
      initial reaction rate (v) versus initial substrate concentrations ([S]0 pH 6.5 is
      hyperbolic (Km=5.0.10-2M), while these at pH 7.8 and 9.5 have a faintly
      pronounced sigmoidal shape with fast occurring saturation plateaus ([S]0.5=
      1.0.10-2 and 0.9.10-2M, respectively). the ratios between L-threonine and L
      serine dehydratation rates depend on pH. The kinetic properties and the
      dependence of substrate specificity on pH suggest that the enzyme molecule
      undergoes pH-induced (at pH 7.0) conformational changes. The determination of pK
      values of the enzyme functional groups involved in L-threonine binding
      demonstrated that these groups have pK is approximately equal to 7.5 and 9.5. The
      latter group was hypothetically identified as a epsilon-NH2-group of the lysine
      residue. High concentrations of the allosteric inhibitor (L-isoleucine) decrease
      the rates of L-threonine and L-serine dehydratation and induce the appearance (at
      pH 6.5) or increase (at pH 7.9 and 9.5) of homotropic cooperative interactions
      between the active sites in the course of L-threonine dehydratation. The enzyme
      inhibition by L-isoleucine increases with a decrease of L-threonine
      concentrations. Low L-isoleucine concentrations, as well as the enzyme activator
      (L-valine) stimulate the enzyme at non-saturating substrate concentrations (when
      L-threonine or L-serine are used as substrates) without normalization of (v)
      versus [S]0 plots. The maximal activation of the enzyme is observed at pHG 8.5-
      9.0. It is assumed that the molecule of "biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase
      from brewer's yeast contains two types of sites responsible for the effector
      binding, i.e., "activatory" and "inhibitory" ones.

PMID- 6428468
TI  - [Changes in the ratio of microsomal electron carriers in reconstituted microsomal
      membranes].
AB  - The reconstitution of microsomal membrane monooxygenase system with variable
      contents of the hydroxylating chain enzymatic components was carried out. It was
      found that during self-assembly of microsomal membranes solubilized with 4%
      sodium cholate and gel filtration through Sephadex LH-20 in the presence of
      isolated microsomal enzymes, two forms of cytochrome P-450, i. e. phenobarbital-
      and 3-methylcholantrene-induced ones, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, the
      exogenous enzymes are incorporated into the microsomal membrane matrices of
      control and methyl-cholantrene-treated animals. In the membranes reconstituted
      from the microsomes of the methylcholantrene-induced animals the catalytic
      activity of cytochrome P-448 in the metabolism of benz(a)pyrene at varying
      cytochrome P-448 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase contents were investigated.

PMID- 6428469
TI  - [Separation of exoparasitic bacteria of the genus Micavibrio from the cells and
      membranes of the host bacterium].
AB  - Conditions for separation of Micavibrio aeruginosavorus ARL-1 from cells and
      membranes of host-bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been developed.
      Differential centrifugation and ficoll density-gradient centrifugation were
      applied to purify a mixed culture. A fraction localized in the zone of 12-15%
      ficoll is a sufficiently homogenous suspension of the exoparasite . It meets
      requirements of purity of the biomass destined for biochemical investigations.

PMID- 6428470
TI  - [Status and developmental prospects of microbiology].
AB  - The achievements of microbiology in the field of chemistry studying, molecular
      biology and cellular structure of bacteria are reflected in this review. The
      peculiarities of energetic, synthetic processes in prokaryotes and also the
      different methods of regulation of their metabolism have been shown. The
      achievements in the field of new strains construction and creation of
      biocatalysts on the basis of immobilized cells and enzymes for the
      biotechnological purposes have been elucidated. The role of microbiology in
      solving such social problems as the purification of environment from pollution,
      replenishing the resources of energy and protein which are rapidly exhausted has
      been shown.

PMID- 6428471
TI  - Effects of acute hospitalization on the dexamethasone suppression and TRH
      stimulation tests.

PMID- 6428472
TI  - Administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone at weekly intervals results in a
      diminished thyrotropin response.
AB  - A diminished thyrotropin (TSH) response to the administration of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) has been widely reported in depressed patients. Repeated
      TRH administration at short intervals has been shown to produce a diminished TRH
      response in healthy subjects. In the present study, TRH (400 micrograms) was
      administered to ten healthy male subjects at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. The
      TSH response to TRH diminished steadily from 8.2 +/- 1.3 microU/ml on Trial 1 to
      6.3 +/- 0.7 microU/ml on Trial 4 (p less than 0.05). No change in the prolactin
      response to TRH administration was observed over the four trials. Reduction in
      the TSH response to TRH was not correlated with basal concentrations of
      thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or cortisol.

PMID- 6428473
TI  - Vasopressin effect on learning in 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated rats: correlation
      with caudate vasopressin levels.
AB  - Conditioned avoidance learning was studied at 2 months of age in rats treated
      with intracisternal 6-OH dopamine (DA) at 5 days of life after desipramine
      pretreatment. Subcutaneous DDAVP 20 micrograms/rat or LVP 1 microgram/rat
      improved conditioned avoidance learning in the 6-OH DA-treated rats at least as
      much as in control rats. Caudate vasopressin levels significantly correlated with
      learning ability in the shuttle box in control rats (r = 0.69, n = 8), 6-OH DA
      treated rats (r = 0.64, n = 8), 6-OH DA plus DDAVP-treated rats (r = 0.60, n =
      9), or in the total sample (r = 0.59, n = 25, p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6428474
TI  - Selective release of luteinizing hormone by 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20
      one in immature ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats.
AB  - This study investigated the role of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (3
      alpha,5 alpha-THP) in the modulation of gonadotropin secretion using the immature
      ovariectomized (OVX) rat primed with a low dose of estradiol. A treatment regimen
      of either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP given in conjunction with
      estradiol for 4 days significantly increased levels of serum luteinizing hormone
      (LH) but had no effect on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Estrogen
      primed rats receiving a single injection of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP at 0930 h showed
      an increase in serum and pituitary LH levels at 1200 h and 1500 h. At 1800 h,
      only pituitary levels of LH remained significantly higher than controls. An
      injection of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP at 1230 h in estrogen-primed rats resulted in
      enhanced levels of pituitary LH at 1500 h and elevated levels of both serum and
      pituitary LH at 1800 h. When 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP was given at 0930 h and 1230 h,
      elevated serum levels of LH were maintained for over 6 h. The administration of
      pentobarbital (Pb) 30 min after an injection of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP at 0930 h or
      1230 h prevented the increases in serum LH at 1200 h, 1500 h or 1800 h. This
      suggests that LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) is involved in mediating the LH
      response by 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP. There was no change in the sensitivity of the
      pituitary to LHRH following 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP treatment, indicating the absence
      of a pituitary effect of this steroid.

PMID- 6428475
TI  - Estrogen regulation of progestin biosynthetic enzymes in cultured rat granulosa
      cells.
AB  - The mechanism by which estrogens enhance gonadotropin-stimulated ovarian
      progestin production was investigated by studying the modulation of pregnenolone
      biosynthesis as well as the activities of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3
      beta-HSD) and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) in cultured
      rat granulosa cells. Cells from immature hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats
      were cultured for 3 days with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or
      estrogens. Pregnenolone production was measured in the presence of cyanoketone
      which inhibits 3 beta-HSD activity. Activities of 3 beta-HSD and 20 alpha-HSD
      were determined in cell homogenates by direct enzyme assays. Some cells were also
      primed with FSH to induce luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors for studies on the
      effects of estrogens on LH-modulated parameters. Pregnenolone production by
      cultured granulosa cells was stimulated by FSH, while treatment with
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) or estradiol further enhanced the gonadotropin action.
      Treatment with FSH increased 3 beta-HSD activity. Similarly, concomitant
      treatment with DES further enhanced 3 beta-HSD activity in a dose-dependent
      manner with an apparent ED50 of 10(-8) M. Also, treatment with estrogens alone
      increased 3 beta-HSD activity. The increases in enzyme activity induced by
      estrogen alone or in combination with FSH were not associated with changes in the
      apparent Km values. FSH also stimulated 20 alpha-HSD activity by 2-fold in these
      cells, while concomitant treatment with DES did not affect the FSH action. In FSH
      primed cells, LH stimulated pregnenolone production while the LH action was
      enhanced by concomitant treatment with the estrogens. Likewise, LH stimulated the
      activity of 3 beta-HSD, while concomitant DES treatment further augmented LH
      action. LH did not stimulate 20 alpha-HSD activity when added alone or in
      combination with DES. Thus, the estrogen enhancement of the gonadotropin
      stimulated progesterone production in cultured rat granulosa cells is associated
      with increases in pregnenolone biosynthesis and the activity of the 3 beta-HSD
      enzyme, without affecting the 20 alpha-HSD activity.

PMID- 6428476
TI  - Profiles of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and
      prolactin in rams of diverse breeds: effects of contrasting short (8L:16D) and
      long (16L:8D) photoperiods.
AB  - Mature rams of Polled Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Rambouillet and Suffolk breeding
      were maintained in a temperature-controlled environment and exposed to two
      consecutive cycles of short (8L:16D) followed by long (16L:8D) days. Serum
      hormone concentrations were determined in weekly samples and in 24-h profiles
      characterized at the end of each lighting schedule (i.e., 12, 24, 36 and 48
      weeks). In all four breeds, the pituitary-testicular axis was more active during
      short days as compared with long days and the magnitudes of changes in serum
      luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone
      concentrations were greater for the two most seasonal breeds, Finnish Landrace
      and Suffolks. In comparison to other breeds, Finnish Landrace rams had
      significantly (P less than 0.05) higher mean LH levels, showed the greatest
      number of LH peaks/24 h, and had the highest mean testosterone levels at the end
      of both periods of short days, while Rambouillet rams had significantly (P less
      than 0.05) lower testosterone. Rambouillets also showed the smallest changes in
      pulsatile LH and testosterone secretion and displayed the least number of LH
      peaks/24 h following short days. Serum FSH levels were significantly (P less than
      0.05) higher in Finnish Landrace and Suffolk rams than in Polled Dorsets and
      Rambouillets after 12 weeks of short days. Breed differences in serum LH, FSH and
      testosterone were not apparent following long days. Prolactin levels in
      Rambouillet rams were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than in the other
      breeds following both periods of long days. These results indicate that breed
      differences exist in mature rams with regard to hormone secretory profiles. Breed
      differences in serum gonadotropin and testosterone are only apparent during short
      days when the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in rams is considered most
      active. Likewise, breed differences in prolactin are noticeable only during long
      days when secretion of this hormone is enhanced. Breed differences in LH, FSH and
      testosterone secretion in rams during short days might be related to seasonality
      of mating and/or fecundity of breed types.

PMID- 6428477
TI  - Hormonal requirements for maintenance of follicular and luteal function in the
      hypophysectomized cyclic hamster.
AB  - The amounts of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
      prolactin (Prl) required for follicular development or luteal maintenance were
      established by hypophysectomizing hamsters between 0900-1100 h of Day 1 of the
      cycle (=morning of ovulation) and injecting the animals s.c. over the next 4 days
      to stimulate the normal cycle. Animals were killed at 1300 h on Day 4 or injected
      with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 1500 h on Day 4 and killed the next
      morning to determine the ovulation rate. Daily injection of 20 IU hCG resulted in
      8 antral follicles per ovary and ovulation of 12.4 ova, but 20 micrograms LH (in
      saline) failed to develop any antral follicles; 20 micrograms LH in
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) - which prolongs its biological activity - matured 2-4
      antral follicles per ovary and the animals ovulated 3 ova in response to hCG.
      However, injection of 5 micrograms FSH on Day 1 plus 20 micrograms LH (in PVP) on
      Days 1-4 produced normal numbers of antral follicles and ovulation of 15 ova.
      When 5 micrograms FSH was injected daily along with LH (in PVP), follicular
      development was accentuated and the animals ovulated 49 ova. Keeping FSH constant
      at 5 micrograms/day and reducing LH from 20 micrograms to 10 or 5 micrograms per
      day did not reduce the number of follicles maturing or ovulating. Daily injection
      of Prl did not affect follicular development but maintained corpora lutea (CL) in
      some animals. Combined injection of Prl and LH (in PVP), but not FSH, maintained
      active CL in all animals. Thus, the hypophysectomized hamster requires tonically
      high levels of LH for the hormone to exert its follicular and luteal effects with
      FSH and Prl, respectively.

PMID- 6428478
TI  - Effects of treatment with cycloheximide at proestrus on subsequent in vitro
      follicular steroidogenesis in the hamster.
AB  - Follicles from hamster ovaries removed at 1000 h of proestrus were incubated for
      5 h with the medium changed every hour. Proestrous hamsters were also injected at
      1400 h with either 4 mg cycloheximide or saline (control), and follicles were
      dissected from the ovaries at 1500 h and similarly incubated. During the first
      hour of incubation, the 1000-h follicles produced picogram amounts of all
      steroids from progesterone (P4) through estradiol (E2). Thereafter E2,
      androstenedione (delta) and testosterone (T) accumulation in the medium were
      reduced by about one-half over the next 4 h, whereas 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
      (17-OHP) increased to become the dominant steroid. The control follicles
      incubated at 1500 h produced steroids in nanogram amounts and the granulosa cells
      in vitro now produced C21 steroids, especially P4. In contrast, throughout the 5
      h incubation, the follicles of cycloheximide-treated hamsters accumulated
      considerably reduced amounts of C21 steroids and this was reflected in granulosal
      production of P4 at one-half to one-tenth of control levels. The profiles for
      accumulation of C19 and C18 steroids by the intact follicles of both groups were
      superimposable over the 5-h period. Thecal production of delta was unaffected by
      injection of cycloheximide at 1400 h, which suggests that the theca requires the
      continued presence of high concentrations of cycloheximide to affect
      steroidogenesis. Incubation of granulosa cells from cycloheximide-exposed
      follicles with 10 ng of various steroid precursors restored P4, 17-OHP, E2 and
      estrone (E1) to the same levels as controls, indicating that the steroidogenic
      enzymes from 3 beta-ol-dehydrogenase through aromatase were unaltered and
      therefore the lack of sterol precursors was the critical step affected by
      cycloheximide. Incubation of cycloheximide-treated granulosa cells with 25
      hydroxycholesterol led to a 3-fold increase in P4 levels which are still only one
      half of control values. This points to decreased accessibility of cholesterol to
      mitochondrial side-chain cleavage as one of the key events blocked by
      cycloheximide. The experiments show that after exposure to the proestrous surge
      of gonadotropins, there is normally a rapid recruitment of the granulosal
      compartment as a source of C21 steroids and this is a protein-dependent process.

PMID- 6428479
TI  - Effects of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog D-Trp6-Pro9
      NEt-LHRH on the pituitary-gonadal axis of prepubertal rhesus monkeys.
AB  - To elucidate whether the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog D
      Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LHRH (LHRHa) decreases plasma testosterone levels in male primates
      solely by inhibiting gonadotropin secretion or, in addition, by inhibiting
      testicular testosterone biosynthesis, we have investigated the effects of this
      drug on 6 infant male rhesus monkeys. Three animals received LHRHa (12 micrograms
      . kg . day s.c., experimental group), and 3 animals received saline injections
      (control group) during the first 2 mo of life. Mean plasma testosterone was
      significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (54
      +/- 7 ng/dl vs. 501 +/- 52 ng/dl, P less than 0.001). The experimental group also
      had significantly lower mean follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 5.1 +/- 0.2
      microgram/ml vs. 9.6 +/- 0.7 microgram/ml, P less than 0.001), and bioactive
      luteinizing hormone (LH; 2.0 +/- 0.08 microgram/ml vs. 3.5 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml,
      P less than 0.001). To study whether LHRHa influences testicular function
      directly, all animals were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 100
      mIU . kg . day i.m.) for 28 days beginning at 8 mo of age. During Days 15 through
      28 we administered LHRHa 12 micrograms . kg . day s.c. to the experimental
      animals and saline injections to the control group. Plasma testosterone increased
      to 5827 +/- 557 ng/dl in the experimental group and 4440 +/- 897 ng/dl in the
      control group after 14 days of hCG treatment. Plasma testosterone concentrations
      decreased in both groups of animals from Days 15 to 28 fo the study. All steroid
      intermediates were similar in both groups of animals on Days 14 and 28.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428480
TI  - Dissociation of copulation from ovulation in pregnant rabbits.
AB  - Experiments were designed to determine why copulation in the pregnant rabbit does
      not terminate pregnancy while treatment with ovulatory doses of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LHRH) is known to do so. Pregnant rabbits (Day 8) were mated or were
      injected with hCG (25 IU/doe) or LHRH (1, 10 micrograms/kg). Serial blood samples
      were collected over the next 72 h and analyzed for content of LH, follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone. At sacrifice, uteri and ovaries from
      these animals were examined for viability of the embryos and for signs of recent
      ovulation. Injection of hCG or LHRH into pregnant animals led to ovulation and to
      patterns of LH, FSH and progesterone secretion like those which precede ovulation
      in estrous rabbits. However, mating the pregnant does did not lead to ovulation
      or to any changes in the circulating hormones. To investigate whether the
      elevated levels of progesterone during pregnancy were responsible for the
      dissociation of coitus from ovulation, nonpregnant rabbits were injected with
      progesterone (2 mg/kg) and then mated or injected with hCG or LHRH. In virtually
      every respect, the numbers of ovulations and the patterns of hormone secretion in
      the progesterone-treated, nonpregnant rabbits mimicked those observed in the 8
      day pregnant animals; injection of hCG or LHRH caused ovulation and hormonal
      surges while hCG caused ovulation only. Mating did not lead to ovulation or any
      change in blood levels of LH, FSH or progesterone. Taken together, the results
      show that the elevated circulating levels of progesterone, characteristic of
      pregnancy, are probably responsible for the dissociation of copulation from
      gonadotropin release in pregnant rabbits.

PMID- 6428481
TI  - Biological functions of low-frequency vibrations (phonons). III. Helical
      structures and microenvironment.
AB  - Low-frequency vibrations in biomacromolecules possess significant biological
      functions. In this paper, the alpha-helix element is compared with a mass
      distributed spring. Based on this, a set of intuitive and easily handled
      equations are derived for predicting the fundamental frequencies of helical
      structures in protein molecules. As shown in the equations, the fundamental
      frequency depends not only on the constituents of a helix itself but also on its
      microenvironment. The calculated results agree with the observations. The
      calculations also demonstrate that the low-frequency vibrations with wave number
      of approximately 30 cm-1 do not necessarily arise from motions that involve
      either all or very large portions of the protein molecule as previously thought;
      a piece of helix containing more than 10 residues and surrounded by a proper
      microenvironment can also generate such low-frequency motions. Furthermore , we
      illustrate that the low-frequency motions are closely related to the native state
      of a protein molecule. Upon denaturation, which is accompanied by a radical
      change of the relevant microenvironment, the original fundamental frequency also
      disappears. Consequently, this kind of special frequency termed activating low
      frequency can serve as a dynamic criterion in identifying whether a
      biomacromolecule is in its native state. The energy of a phonon excited by this
      kind of low-frequency vibration is of the same order of magnitude as the average
      enthalpy value per residue measured during conformational change in some protein
      molecules. Therefore, there must be some intrinsic relation between the
      allosteric transitions of protein molecules and their low-frequency motions.

PMID- 6428482
TI  - Flow cytometric measurement of fluorescence resonance energy transfer on cell
      surfaces. Quantitative evaluation of the transfer efficiency on a cell-by-cell
      basis.
AB  - A method has been developed for the determination of the efficiency (E) of the
      fluorescence resonance energy transfer between moieties on cell surfaces by use
      of a computer-controlled flow cytometer capable of dual wavelength excitation.
      The absolute value of E may be calculated on a single-cell basis. The analysis
      requires the measurement of samples stained with donor and acceptor conjugated
      ligands alone as well as together. In model experiments HK 22 murine lymphoma
      cells labeled with fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A (Con A) and/or rhodamine
      conjugated Con A were used to determine energy transfer histograms. Using the
      analytic solution to energy transfer in two dimensions, a high surface density of
      Con A binding sites was found that suggests that the Con A receptor sites on the
      cell surface are to a degree preclustered . We call this technique flow
      cytometric energy transfer ( FCET ).

PMID- 6428483
TI  - Fluorescence label studies of the phase transitions of T7.
AB  - Optical density, fluorescence intensity, polarization and lifetime measurements
      were performed to analyze the temperature-induced phase transitions of phage T7
      in several buffers. For labelling the intraphage DNA, ethidium bromide,
      proflavine and rivanol were applied for the proteins 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene (DPH). In the temperature range of 20 degrees C-100 degrees C several
      structural changes of T7 were detected. Making corrections for light scattering
      by using integrating spheres and analyzing the fluorescence signals, the phase
      transition of intraphage DNA below 60 degrees C was interpreted as a superhelical
      relaxation phenomenon. The structural changes found by optical density at higher
      temperatures could be assigned to a change in the phage DNA or to a change in its
      protein part on the basis of fluorescence-melting results concerning DNA and
      protein labels. The effects of ionic strength and environment on the structural
      changes were studied.

PMID- 6428484
TI  - Liposome accumulation in chronic ischaemia is dependent on tissue necrosis.
AB  - Liposomes accumulate is ischaemic rat intestine 24 h after mesenteric occlusion.
      The accumulation of liposomal components is shown to depend on necrotic or allied
      alterations in cell integrity/function associated with chronic ischaemia.
      Moreover, not all liposomal components accumulate at sites of infarction. It is
      concluded therefore that liposomes are likely to be of little value in the
      diagnosis and management of ischaemic disorders.

PMID- 6428485
TI  - Sequences isolated from a Drosophila early-ecdysone puff are expressed in rat
      liver.
AB  - We have studied the presence of a cloned fragment of DNA from Drosophila
      melanogaster in other organisms by means of nucleic acid hybridization analysis.
      The isolated region is localized in polytene chromosomes at the 63F subdivision.
      This region includes a puff that responds within minutes to ecdysone stimulation.
      We have found that 63F DNA from D. melanogaster hybridizes 'in situ' to both DNA
      and RNA from D. simulans, D. teissieri, and D. hydei. In all these species the
      isolated DNA remains associated with one early-ecdysone stimulated puff. The
      isolated Drosophila recombinant DNA is also complementary to polyadenylated RNA
      from foetal and adult rat liver but fails to hybridize to the nonpolyadenylated
      RNA classes from both sources and to polyadenylated RNA from rat mammary glands.

PMID- 6428486
TI  - Uncoupling and isotope effects in gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylation.
AB  - Replacement of unlabeled gamma-butyrobetaine with gamma-[2,3,4-2H6]butyrobetaine
      has a profound effect on the stoichiometry between decarboxylation of 2
      oxoglutarate and hydroxylation in the reaction catalyzed by human gamma
      butyrobetaine hydroxylase. The ratios between decarboxylation and hydroxylation
      are 1.16 with unlabeled and 7.48 with deuterated gamma-butyrobetaine as
      substrate. From these ratios an internal isotope effect of 41 has been
      calculated. DV in the overall reaction measured as 2- oxoglutarate
      decarboxylation is 2.5 and DV/K is 1.0. For gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from
      Pseudomonas sp. AK 1, 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation exceeds hydroxylation with
      10% when deuterated gamma-butyrobetaine is used. No excess was found with
      unlabeled substrate and no internal isotope effect could be calculated. DV for
      the bacterial enzyme is 6.

PMID- 6428487
TI  - On the antithrombogenic action of low molecular weight heparins and of
      chondroitins A, B and C.
AB  - Hemorheological studies were made on surface layers of solutions of highly
      purified human fibrinogen, to which low molecular weight (LMW) heparins, as well
      as chondroitins A, B and C were added. The surface viscous (eta's) and elastic
      (Gs) moduli of these fibrinogen systems were measured with a modified Weissenberg
      Rheogoniometer. Our findings show that n's and Gs of these heparin-fibrinogen and
      chondroitin-fibrinogen surface systems were markedly decreased as compared to the
      fibrinogen control. Heparin of MW 4400 exhibited about 30 per cent decrease,
      while heparins of MW 5300 and 5900 had decreases of approximately 75 per cent in
      n's and Gs. The three chondroitins A, B and C were found to reduce the n's and Gs
      by about 40 per cent. The surface layers of fibrinogen, which are surface gels,
      constitute the clotting of fibrinogen without thrombin participation. Such so
      called 'fibrinogenin' formation is considered by Copley to initiate thrombosis.
      The LMW heparins and the chondroitins tested, which we found to inhibit
      fibrinogen formation, may therefore be expected to act as antithrombotic agents.
      Thus, LMW heparins and chondroitins A, B and C may play important roles in the
      prevention of thrombosis.

PMID- 6428488
TI  - DDAVP enhances platelet adherence and platelet aggregate growth on human artery
      subendothelium.
AB  - The effect of intravenous 1-deamino (8-D-arginine)vasopressin (DDAVP)
      administration on platelet interaction with human artery subendothelium was
      investigated with flowing blood from five normal individuals and 12 patients with
      von Willebrand's disease (vWD). Three of the patients were diagnosed as vWD
      subtype I, four as subtype IIa, and five as subtype IIb. DDAVP administration to
      normals enhanced platelet adherence, in parallel with increasing plasma levels of
      factor VIII-related antigen ( FVIIIR :Ag) and ristocetin cofactor activity (
      FVIIIR :RCF). Platelet aggregate formation was transiently increased within 90
      minutes. Platelet adherence in patient blood before DDAVP infusion was subnormal.
      In patients with subtype I, administration of DDAVP normalized the bleeding time,
      enhanced the platelet adherence, and transiently improved the platelet aggregate
      formation. The platelet adherence was more corrected than would have been
      expected on the basis of the FVIIIR :Ag and FVIIIR :RCF levels. In patients with
      subtype IIa, infusion of DDAVP increased the FVIIIR :Ag levels approximately
      threefold, without affecting the FVIIIR :RCF levels, and in only two of four
      patients was a transiently enhanced platelet adherence with a corresponding
      shortening of the bleeding time observed. In patients with subtype IIb,
      administration of DDAVP increased the FVIIIR :Ag levels about threefold and the
      FVIIIR :RCF levels five to tenfold, but decreased the platelet adherence
      significantly. The bleeding time values were not normalized. A close association
      between the bleeding time values and corresponding platelet adherence values
      before and after DDAVP infusion was observed. Normalization of the bleeding time
      was paralleled with normalization of platelet adherence. We conclude that DDAVP
      improves the primary hemostasis by causing enhanced FVIII-vWF-mediated platelet
      adherence. DDAVP has little or no effect on the bleeding time in patients with
      subtype IIa and subtype IIb, because the platelet adherence is not normalized.

PMID- 6428489
TI  - Heavy metal tolerance in a cadmium-resistant population of Euglena gracilis.

PMID- 6428490
TI  - [Rieger's syndrome. Clinical and ultramicroscopy study].

PMID- 6428491
TI  - [Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 6428492
TI  - [Peroperative vitreous retraction: inclined position and flash administration of
      hypertonic mannitol].

PMID- 6428493
TI  - [Retinal thesaurismosis caused by canthaxanthin].

PMID- 6428494
TI  - Diagnosis related groups: their role in the reimbursement system.

PMID- 6428495
TI  - Characteristics of urban mortality from Chagas' disease in Brazil's Federal
      District.

PMID- 6428496
TI  - Effect of nonselective and selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidases A and B on
      pethidine toxicity in mice.
AB  - The LD50 of pethidine was determined in mice pretreated (4 h) either with the
      nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, phenelzine or with clorgyline, a
      selective inhibitor of MAO A or deprenyl, a selective inhibitor of MAO B.
      Phenelzine or combined clorgyline plus deprenyl pretreatments decreased pethidine
      LD50. Clorgyline or deprenyl alone did not affect pethidine toxicity. Whole brain
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations were measured in the pretreated mice. 5
      HT levels were approximately doubled (P less than 0.001) after phenelzine or
      clorgyline plus deprenyl treatment, but not after clorgyline or deprenyl given
      alone. These results indicate that both MAO A and MAO B need to be inhibited to
      increase pethidine toxicity and brain 5-HT levels. They support the involvement
      of 5-HT in the toxic interaction between pethidine and MAO inhibitors.

PMID- 6428497
TI  - The calcium dependency of mucus glycoconjugate secretion by canine tracheal
      explants.
AB  - Canine tracheal explants, incubated overnight with [14C]-glucosamine, elicited an
      enhanced secretion of ethanol-precipitated 14C-labelled glycoconjugate when
      challenged with methacholine, 10 microM. Explants were rendered deficient in
      total calcium content and unresponsive to methacholine, 10 microM, by incubating
      them in calcium-free medium for 18 to 22 h; however, the secretory response to
      the cholinergic agonist was restored with the addition of calcium to the medium.
      A dose-response relationship resulted when explants were challenged with
      methacholine in nutrient medium containing varied calcium concentrations (0.45 to
      7.2 mM); alterations in the calcium concentration in the absence of methacholine
      had no significant effect on the basal secretion of 14C-labelled glycoconjugate.
      The calcium-selective ionophore A23187, 10 microM, stimulated [14C]
      glycoconjugate secretion and induced the most significant effect in the presence
      of nutrient medium containing calcium. Verapamil, 10 microM, a calcium-entry
      blocker failed to inhibit basal or stimulated [14C]-glycoconjugate secretion;
      however, the intracellular calcium antagonist TMB-8, 10 to 100 microM, inhibited
      methacholine-induced [14C]-glycoconjugate secretion in a dose-dependent manner.
      These data suggest that respiratory mucus secretion is a calcium-dependent
      process and that intracellular calcium is more vital than extracellular calcium
      in supporting this phenomenon.

PMID- 6428498
TI  - Influence of age, sex, pregnancy and protein-calorie malnutrition on the
      pharmacokinetics of salicylate in rats.
AB  - The influence of age, sex, pregnancy and protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) on
      the plasma t1/2, plasma clearance (Clp) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd)
      of sodium salicylate (62 mumol kg-1) was determined in Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Female and male rats of five different age groups (ages in weeks: pups 1,
      weanling 3, young 8-9, adult including pregnant 14-15, old 56-60) including three
      age groups with PCM (8-9, 14-15 and 56-60 weeks old) were used. Plasma and
      urinary salicylates were assayed by h.p.l.c. Plasma t1/2 was longer and Clp
      smaller in pups than in weanling and young rats and comparable to values for old
      rats; Vd of salicylate in pups was larger than in any other group of rats. Plasma
      t1/2 was longer and Clp as well as Vd of salicylate were smaller in adult females
      than in males of comparable age. Relative to nonpregnant adult females, Vd of
      salicylate in pregnant rats was larger but plasma t1/2 and Clp were unchanged. In
      all groups of rats studied, PCM decreased the plasma t1/2 and increased the Clp
      of salicylate; Vd was unchanged. Changes in salicylate pharmacokinetics were not
      due to any differences in serum protein-salicylate binding or to serum
      testosterone levels. Ovariectomy decreased the plasma t1/2 of salicylate but
      castration of male rats had no significant effect. Administration of testosterone
      to ovariectomized female rats exerted no significant effect on salicylate
      pharmacokinetics. It is concluded that the physiological state and the
      nutritional status can modify salicylate pharmacokinetics; in so far as the rat
      model reflects the human situation, these variables should be taken into account
      for a rational salicylate therapy.

PMID- 6428499
TI  - Prostaglandins and thromboxane in the delayed phase of shock induced by Serratia
      marcescens endotoxin.
AB  - The cardiovascular and metabolic effects of an endotoxin derived from Serratia
      marcescens were examined in anaesthetized, spontaneously-breathing cats. There
      was a marked initial elevation of right atrial pressure (the result of pulmonary
      vasoconstriction) and decreases in systemic arterial pressure and in arterial
      PO2. The 'delayed' effects of endotoxin shock in this species (1-8 h) consisted
      of a reduced cardiac output and decreased urinary excretion. Blood pressure and
      myocardial contractility (assessed from measurement of left ventricular (LV)
      dP/dt and LV end-diastolic pressure) were maintained throughout this phase. There
      was evidence of a metabolic (lactic) acidosis largely compensated by
      hyperventilation. Plasma levels (both arterial and mixed venous blood samples) of
      prostaglandin (PG)E2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and thromboxane (TX)B2 were
      measured by radioimmunoassay techniques. Endotoxin administration caused
      substantial increases in the plasma levels of all four derivatives of arachidonic
      acid, especially between 1 and 6 h. Separation of the endotoxin-treated cats into
      survivors and non-survivors showed that the non-survivors had significantly
      higher circulating levels of PGE2, TXB2 and PGF2 alpha. It is suggested that TXB2
      and PGF2 alpha might contribute to some of the detrimental effects of endotoxin
      (e.g. pulmonary, mesenteric, renal vasoconstriction; platelet aggregation with
      resulting organ failure) and that prostacyclin may be beneficial in endotoxin
      shock in this species.

PMID- 6428500
TI  - Arachidonate metabolism, 5-hydroxytryptamine release and aggregation in human
      platelets activated by palmitaldehyde acetal phosphatidic acid.
AB  - Palmitaldehyde acetal phosphatidic acid ( PGAP ) caused dose-dependent
      aggregation of human platelets resuspended in modified Tyrode medium, with a
      threshold concentration of 0.5-1 microM and an EC50 of 4 microM. Concentrations
      of PGAP which elicited biphasic irreversible aggregation concomitantly induced
      formation of 1.02 +/- 0.029 nmol (mean +/- s.e. mean) of malondialdehyde (MDA)
      per 10(9) platelets and caused release of 58 +/- 2.8% of platelet [14C]-5
      hydroxytryptamine ([14C]-5-HT) from prelabelled platelets; no MDA formation or
      [14C]-5-HT release occurred at lower doses of PGAP which elicited only monophasic
      reversible aggregation. Adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (ADP)-induced platelet
      activation resulted in formation of 0.344 +/- 0.004 nmol of MDA per 10(9)
      platelets in association with irreversible aggregation and 49.1 +/- 1% release of
      [14C]-5-HT. Mepacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, at 2.5 microM reduced PGAP 
      induced MDA formation and [14C]-5-HT release by the resuspended platelets without
      affecting irreversible aggregation; higher concentrations of mepacrine abolished
      all three responses. Chlorpromazine, a calmodulin antagonist, similarly inhibited
      PGAP -induced MDA formation and irreversible aggregation, and at 100 microM
      abolished monophasic aggregation. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin
      caused a concentration-dependent reduction of PGAP -induced MDA formation by
      resuspended human platelets without significantly inhibiting [14C]-5-HT release
      or irreversible aggregation; concentrations (greater than or equal to 1.75
      microM) which inhibited MDA formation by more than 94% abolished [14C]-5-HT
      release, and converted second phase irreversible aggregation to an extensive
      reversible response. 2-Methylthioadenosine 5'-phosphate (2 methylthio-AMP), an
      ADP antagonist, inhibited PGAP -induced MDA formation, [14C]-5-HT release and
      second phase aggregation in the human platelet suspensions in a parallel,
      concentration-dependent manner; at 9.4 microM 2-methylthio-AMP, both MDA
      formation and [14C]-5-HT release were abolished and monophasic, reversible
      aggregation remained. Albumin was required for aggregation of washed human
      platelets to PGAP . Irreversible PGAP -induced aggregation of washed [14C]
      arachidonate-labelled platelets was accompanied by a low net loss of 14C from
      platelet phospholipids, an equivalent increase in 14C in free fatty acids, and
      the appearance of 14C in thromboxane (Tx)B2; mepacrine reduced the loss in 14C
      from phospholipids and inhibited aggregation and formation of [14C]-TxA2.
      Thrombin-induced aggregation was accompanied by substantial loss of 14C from
      phospholipids and equivalent gains of 14C in free fatty acids and TxB2; mepacrine
      pretreatment caused partial inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation, halved
      the net 14C loss from phospholipids, but had little effect on the appearance of
      14C in TxB2. 6 It is concluded that in human platelets PGAP-induced dense granule
      release and irreversible aggregation are dependent on the liberation of
      arachidonate and its metabolism via prostaglandin endoperoxides to thromboxane,
      that PGAP and thrombin elicit mobilization of arachidonate from different pools
      of membrane phospholipids, and that the mechanism of PGAP-activation of human
      platelets differs from those of thrombin- and ADP-activation.

PMID- 6428501
TI  - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on renal function in the Pekin duck.
AB  - The acute effects of intravenously administered lysine-acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
      on renal function in the Pekin duck have been studied with special reference to
      possible interactions with the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasotocin (AVT), in
      the control of renal water and solute output. ASA produces an immediate increase
      in urine flow rate which is dose-related in the range 25 to 100 mg kg-1 and is
      associated with a slight reduction in urine osmolality, but an overall increase
      in renal osmolal excretion affecting Na+, Cl- and K+ to approximately equal
      extents. The effects, which are similar in both saltwater and freshwater adapted
      ducks infused with hyposmotic saline or glucose solution, can also be produced by
      similar doses of sodium salicylate (SA). The mechanism of action is probably not
      related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthetases. There is no change in the
      glomerular filtration rate or peripheral blood pressure following the ASA
      injection. There is no change in the circulating level of AVT; however,
      preliminary studies do not exclude the possibility of a partial antagonism of
      salicylate to AVT at the renal level.

PMID- 6428502
TI  - Studies on L-640,035: a novel antagonist of contractile prostanoids in the lung.
AB  - The effects of L-640,035 (3-hydroxymethyl-dibenzo [b,f] thiepin-5,5-dioxide) have
      been studied on pulmonary smooth muscle contraction in vitro and in vivo. When
      studied in vitro on guinea-pig tracheal chains, L-640,035 produced significant
      shifts in the dose-response curves to a prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide analogue
      (U-44069) (pA2 7.0), PGF2 alpha (pA2 5.9) and PGD2 (pA2 6.5). L-640,035 produced
      no significant shift in the dose-response curves to leukotriene D4 or histamine
      and produced a small but statistically significant shift in the dose-response
      curve to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (pA2 5.2). With the exception of PGF2 alpha,
      Schild analysis did not in general indicate competitive inhibition. The main
      metabolite of L-640,035, L-636,499, also produced significant parallel shifts in
      the dose-response curves to U-44069 (pA2 6.0) and PGF2 alpha (pA2 6.0), but with
      some reduction in the maximal contraction. When L-640,035 was administered
      intravenously to guinea-pigs, significant inhibition of increases in pulmonary
      resistance or insufflation pressure induced by U-44069 (ED50 0.16 mg kg-1),
      leukotriene D4 (ED50 0.25 mg kg-1) and 5-HT (ED50 3.4 mg kg-1) but not histamine
      (ED50 greater than 10 mg kg-1) was observed. When L-640,035 was administered
      intravenously to dogs a significant inhibition of increases in pulmonary
      resistance induced by U-44069 (ED50 0.85 mg kg-1) but not histamine (ED50 greater
      than 30 mg kg-1) was observed. 5 When L-640,035 was administered by the
      intraduodenal route to dogs at doses of 3 and 10 mg kg- significant inhibition of
      increases in pulmonary resistance induced by sodium arachidonate (3 mgkg1 i.v.)
      was observed with a duration of action of > 255 min. 6 It is concluded that L
      640,035 is a novel, relatively selective, and orally active antagonist of the
      actions of contractile prostanoids on pulmonary smooth muscle.

PMID- 6428503
TI  - Economic losses associated with chronic mental disorder in a developing country.
AB  - This study was undertaken in a society without psychiatric services to assess the
      economic losses associated there with major mental disorder. Such data are
      important in assessing the cost/benefit of services for major mental disorders. A
      survey was conducted in 27 representative villages of Laos, each containing about
      200-300 people; 35 mentally ill subjects were identified. Data were obtained on
      expenditure for treatment, loss of productivity, and other economic losses (eg.,
      destruction of property); demographic data and clinical rating scales were also
      obtained, and compared with economic variables. The data show wide variability in
      expenditures for treatment, but losses of productivity were consistently high;
      acute losses, while impressive due to their suddeness and obvious wastefulness,
      were comparatively small relative to others. Demographic data were not associated
      with loss in productivity. Certain psychopathological parameters, ie., more
      psychopathology, less productivity, were inversely correlated with productivity.
      Psychosocial function scales were strongly and directly correlated with
      productivity.

PMID- 6428504
TI  - Panic symptoms after inhalation of carbon dioxide.
AB  - The effects of inhaling a mixture of 35 per cent carbon dioxide and 65 per cent
      oxygen on the occurrence of panic symptoms defined by the DSM III, was
      investigated. Compared to a placebo (air), carbon dioxide produced more panic
      symptoms. If carbon dioxide inhalation was preceded by intake of a beta-blocker
      (60 mg propranolol), less symptoms occurred than if preceded by a placebo. The
      results are compared with earlier reports on the effects of lactate infusion. It
      is argued that panic disorders can be conceptualized as a fear of internal
      (panic) sensations and that inhalation of a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen
      may constitute an effective exposure treatment.

PMID- 6428505
TI  - A comparison between the use of a shadow shield whole body counter and an
      uncollimated gamma camera ain the assessment of the seven-day retention of
      SeHCAT.
AB  - We have compared the 7-day retention of the radioisotope bile salt analogue
      SeHCAT (75Se-23-selena-25-homotaurocholate), by whole body counting and by
      uncollimated gamma camera measurement, in phantoms and in 25 patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease. The results correlate with a linear correlation
      coefficient of 0.96. An uncollimated gamma camera can be used to assess bile acid
      malabsorption when a whole body radioactivity monitor is not available.

PMID- 6428506
TI  - Epiphyseal separation simulating pyarthrosis, secondary to copper deficiency, in
      an infant receiving total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6428507
TI  - Adjuvant questions.

PMID- 6428508
TI  - Day care for patients with psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 6428509
TI  - Diagnosis of broad complex tachycardias with ambulatory monitoring of atrial
      electrography.
AB  - Simultaneous 24 hour ambulatory monitoring of the surface electrocardiogram and
      the intra-atrial electrocardiogram was evaluated in eight patients with broad
      complex tachycardia. The technique using a J shaped atrial pacing wire permitted
      a distinction between ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia in
      all eight patients. Formal electrophysiological testing would still be required,
      however, in patients in whom diagnostic doubt remained.

PMID- 6428510
TI  - Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia in ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Five patients were seen in whom a raised serum calcium concentration was
      associated with ovarian carcinoma (clear cell in two cases, cystadenocarcinoma in
      three). None showed evidence of metastases in bone. The hypercalcaemia occurred
      as a paraneoplastic phenomenon, but biochemical studies suggested the production
      of a parathyroid-hormone-like substance. One patient remained free of symptoms of
      her hypercalcaemia throughout. Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to ovarian
      carcinoma may be more common than generally recognised and present as a life
      threatening condition requiring urgent treatment.

PMID- 6428511
TI  - Subcutaneous terbutaline and control of brittle asthma or appreciable morning
      dipping.
AB  - In a pilot study two patients with brittle asthma and two with morning dipping
      received terbutaline or a placebo administered subcutaneously either by
      continuous infusion or in injections every six hours. In two patients brittle
      asthma was completely suppressed by terbutaline 1 mg/day given by either method.
      In the two others early morning dipping responded only to continuous subcutaneous
      infusions of terbutaline 12 mg/day. Terbutaline administered subcutaneously may
      be an effective treatment in asthmatic patients who show important diurnal
      variations in air flow.

PMID- 6428512
TI  - Perinatal mortality: a continuing collaborative regional survey.
AB  - A collaborative survey of perinatal mortality in each district of the Northern
      region set up in July 1980 was able to obtain information on 99% of all the
      registered perinatal deaths among babies born in 1981-2 to mothers resident in
      the region. There were 12.4 perinatal deaths/1000 births over this two year
      period, but 41% of the stillbirths and early neonatal deaths were of babies with
      a lethal malformation or weighing less than 1000 g at birth (or both). All causes
      of perinatal mortality had become less common than they had been at the time of
      the National Birthday Trust survey in 1958, though there had been a relatively
      small decrease in the number of deaths due to malformation (in the absence of any
      neural tube defect) and in the number of stillbirths of normally developed
      fetuses: 36% of the antepartum stillbirths among non-malformed singleton fetuses
      were associated with poor fetal growth (weight below the fifth centile at birth)
      and 21% were due to sudden unexplained placental abruption.

PMID- 6428513
TI  - Comparison of single and multichannel cystometry in diagnosing bladder
      instability.
AB  - The abilities of single channel cystometry and standard multichannel cystometry
      to diagnose bladder instability were compared in 100 women taking part in a
      single blind crossover trial. In 93 of the women both tests yielded the same
      result. The single channel system detected every case of detrusor instability but
      in seven women suggested detrusor contractions that were not evident on
      multichannel cystometry. These were probably due to changes in abdominal
      pressure. It is concluded that single channel cystometry when used in conjunction
      with simple urethral tests can provide most of the information that is obtained
      in specialist centres investigating bladder function.

PMID- 6428514
TI  - Raised intracranial pressure due to large intracranial xanthoma.

PMID- 6428515
TI  - Plumber's knee: calcinosis cutis after repeated minor trauma in a plumber.

PMID- 6428516
TI  - Hidden dangers of sliced bread.

PMID- 6428517
TI  - Value of test for antinuclear antibodies in rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 6428518
TI  - Artefactual fetal heart trace in an undiagnosed dead fetus.

PMID- 6428519
TI  - Local skin depigmentation due to corticosteroid injection.

PMID- 6428520
TI  - Value of routine chest radiography in an acute geriatric unit.

PMID- 6428521
TI  - Seizures after antiemetic treatment with high dose domperidone: report of four
      cases.

PMID- 6428522
TI  - Management of childhood urinary tract infection in family practice.
AB  - To find out to what extent doctors appreciate the potential damage that
      bacteriuria may cause, we sent questionnaires to 195 family practitioners and
      trainees in one health board in Northern Ireland. The results of the survey
      showed that, though doctors seemed to be aware of the risk of renal disease, this
      was not reflected in practice.

PMID- 6428523
TI  - Developing a practice formulary as a byproduct of computer controlled repeat
      prescribing.
AB  - We use our office computer to record and issue repeat prescriptions. Each month
      we look at a printout to see how many times a drug has been prescribed, with the
      goal of limiting our practice formulary. We have reduced by more than 10% the
      range of drugs that we use in the practice and have the possibility of knowing
      dose ranges, actions, interactions, and side effects of all the drugs used in the
      practice.

PMID- 6428524
TI  - Different types of neurologist.

PMID- 6428525
TI  - Mutiny over Bounty?
AB  - Bounty Services Ltd advertise commercial products on postnatal wards of hospitals
      throughout Britain by means of free gifts. Since the " Bounty lady" is apparently
      well known to nursing staff but may have gone unnoticed by paediatricians and
      obstetricians an investigation was conducted of the quality of the gifts and the
      nature of the company. With two exceptions the samples and promotional leaflets
      were sound, and mothers apparently enjoyed receiving them. Educational pamphlets
      distributed with the gifts were excellent, and cine films shown to the mothers
      were of good quality and informative about basic parental skills. Bounty ,
      however, operates by exerting commercial pressure on new mothers at a time when
      they are most vulnerable and distributes materials among them without
      consultation with medical staff. Most of the mothers questioned assumed that the
      service was being provided by the NHS. The Bounty service may or may not be
      perceived as a satisfactory operation but details should be known to
      paediatricians and obstetricians; any action to be taken might be decided locally
      after discussion in individual hospitals or districts.

PMID- 6428526
TI  - Dizziness and vertigo.

PMID- 6428527
TI  - Zimbabwe three years on.

PMID- 6428528
TI  - Penicillinase-producing gonococci in Britain, 1983.

PMID- 6428529
TI  - Anaesthetics.

PMID- 6428530
TI  - Private rest homes.

PMID- 6428531
TI  - Optimal timing of operation for bleeding peptic ulcer.

PMID- 6428532
TI  - Major disaster planning.

PMID- 6428533
TI  - Ventilator hazard identified and rectified.

PMID- 6428534
TI  - Endotracheal cuff pressure.

PMID- 6428535
TI  - Manpower problems in general surgery.

PMID- 6428536
TI  - Names for mycobacteria.

PMID- 6428537
TI  - Role of health authorities: deceptively simple?

PMID- 6428538
TI  - Medical and dental training and staffing in a region--the long and short of it.

PMID- 6428539
TI  - Drug treatment in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6428540
TI  - Parallel imports: a pharmacist's viewpoint.

PMID- 6428541
TI  - Dilate the pupil and see the fundus.

PMID- 6428542
TI  - Autoimmune thyroid disease and pregnancy.

PMID- 6428543
TI  - Economic appraisal.

PMID- 6428544
TI  - Infection, immunity, and blood transfusion.

PMID- 6428545
TI  - The dysplastic naevus syndrome and endocrine disease.
AB  - Members of two different families were found to have the dysplastic naevus
      syndrome and coexistent endocrine abnormalities. The dysplastic naevus syndrome
      is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and has been associated with
      other primary malignancies. This is the first time that it has been described in
      association with endocrine abnormalities.

PMID- 6428546
TI  - Trace elements in cerebrospinal fluid in motor neurone disease.
AB  - Concentrations of sodium, chlorine, potassium, chromium, iron, cobalt, zinc,
      rubidium, silver, caesium, and selenium in cerebrospinal fluid from 14 control
      subjects and 20 patients with motor neurone disease were measured by in vitro
      neutron activation analysis. No statistically significant correlation was found
      between the concentrations of any two elements other than sodium and chlorine in
      either the patient or control group (r = 0.9905; p less than 0.001). The mean
      cobalt concentration was significantly lower in the patients (p = 0.0015). No
      other statistically significant difference was shown. The relevance of this
      finding was examined in relation to current concepts of the pathogenesis of motor
      neurone disease and the role of cobalt in cellular metabolism.

PMID- 6428547
TI  - Use of a biothesiometer to measure individual vibration thresholds and their
      variation in 519 non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - A series of 519 non-diabetic subjects had vibration thresholds at three points
      measured using a biothesiometer. Thresholds appeared to be log normally
      distributed and increased with age. Centile charts of this relation were derived
      from the data giving a range for normal thresholds. The biothesiometer provides a
      quick and reliable assessment of vibration thresholds, which when related to the
      centile charts gives an objective measure of the progress of diabetic peripheral
      neuropathy.

PMID- 6428549
TI  - Quetelet index in diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6428548
TI  - Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and endogenous oestrogen in gall stone disease--a
      case-control study.
AB  - A case-control study of gall stone disease in women in relation to use of
      contraceptives, reproductive history, and concentrations of endogenous hormones
      was undertaken. The study population comprised 200 hospital patients with newly
      diagnosed gall stone disease, 182 individually matched controls selected from the
      community, and 234 controls who were patients in hospital. Use of oral
      contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of developing gall stones
      among young subjects but a decreased risk among older subjects. The risk of
      developing gall stone disease increased in association with increasing parity,
      particularly among younger women. The risk fell with increasing age at first
      pregnancy, independent of parity. Mean urinary excretion over 24 hours of
      oestrone, but not of pregnanediol, was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater
      for postmenopausal patients than controls. The age dependence of the relative
      risk associated with exposure to oral contraceptives and pregnancy suggests that
      there are subpopulations of women susceptible to early formation of gall stones
      after exposure to either oral contraceptives or pregnancy.

PMID- 6428550
TI  - Active and passive smoking in married couples: results of 25 year follow up.

PMID- 6428551
TI  - Brucellosis with mesangial IgA nephropathy: successful treatment with doxycycline
      and rifampicin.

PMID- 6428552
TI  - AIDS in a patient with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6428553
TI  - Do chillies influence healing of duodenal ulcer?

PMID- 6428554
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infection in thalassaemia major treated in London and Athens.

PMID- 6428555
TI  - Clinical psychologist in primary care: controlled clinical and economic
      evaluation.
AB  - In a controlled, evaluated study of a behaviourally orientated clinical
      psychology service based in a health centre two randomised groups of patients
      were compared. Patients in the control group received usual primary care
      management; subject patients received the same, but in addition were able to
      consult a clinical psychologist in the health centre. Outcome was assessed by
      psychosocial and economic measures. These showed changes in favour of the subject
      condition, many of which were statistically significant.

PMID- 6428556
TI  - Puberty.

PMID- 6428557
TI  - Why run a group?

PMID- 6428558
TI  - Usefulness of letters from hospitals to general practitioners.
AB  - In an investigation of the communication between specialist hospital departments
      and general practitioners 97 general practitioners were asked to say how
      important selected items of information that the hospital could pass on would be
      for management of a patient receiving chemotherapy. In addition, the records of
      68 patients were examined for coverage of these topics. General practitioners
      considered technical topics to be more important than social ones. Hospital
      letters covered technical topics well, apart from details of possible side
      effects, but did not do the same even for the two social topics that most doctors
      considered to be essential--namely, what patients have been told about their
      diagnosis and prognosis. Letters from hospitals to general practitioners cover
      technical topics well but should include more information relating to the social
      aspects of the patient's disease.

PMID- 6428559
TI  - Epidemiology and research at low cost.

PMID- 6428560
TI  - The NHS: efficiency need not be a dirty word.

PMID- 6428561
TI  - Treatment of major skeletal injuries in patients with a severe head injury.

PMID- 6428563
TI  - Appropriate technology.

PMID- 6428562
TI  - St Ronald and the dragons.

PMID- 6428564
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen for patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6428565
TI  - Dispensing doctors.

PMID- 6428566
TI  - ABC of asthma.

PMID- 6428567
TI  - Association of hyperglycaemia with hyponatraemia.

PMID- 6428568
TI  - Hospices.

PMID- 6428569
TI  - Idiopathic ulceration of the small bowel.

PMID- 6428570
TI  - Treatment of theophylline poisoning.

PMID- 6428571
TI  - Carbohydrate antigens in serum of patients with carcinoma.

PMID- 6428572
TI  - Private practice: answer or irrelevance?

PMID- 6428573
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse: harbinger of death or variant of normal?

PMID- 6428574
TI  - Length of stay and health outcome.

PMID- 6428575
TI  - Systemic sclerosis: a collagen or microvascular disease?

PMID- 6428576
TI  - Pain in the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 6428577
TI  - Elemental diet as primary treatment of acute Crohn's disease: a controlled trial.
AB  - Acute exacerbations of Crohn's disease are usually treated with prednisolone or
      potentially more toxic immunosuppressive drugs or by surgery. In pilot studies
      replacing the normal diet by a protein free elemental diet also induced
      remission. A controlled trial was therefore conducted in which 21 patients
      acutely ill with exacerbations of Crohn's disease were randomised to receive
      either prednisolone 0.75 mg/kg/day or an elemental diet (Vivonex) for four weeks.
      Assessment at four and 12 weeks showed that the patients treated with the
      elemental diet had improved as much as and by some criteria more than the steroid
      treated group. Elemental diet is a safe and effective treatment for acute Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 6428578
TI  - Body content of selenium in coeliac disease.
AB  - Concentrations of selenium in whole blood, plasma, and leucocytes were determined
      in 16 patients with coeliac disease confirmed by biopsy and 32 controls. All the
      patients were clinically well and receiving gluten free diets. The concentrations
      of selenium were significantly lower in the leucocytes, blood, and plasma of
      patients compared with controls, probably indicating a decrease in the body
      content of selenium. A high incidence of malignancy in coeliac disease has been
      reported. As a protective role for selenium against cancer has been postulated,
      the importance of this unexpected observation of lowered tissue concentrations of
      selenium requires further investigation.

PMID- 6428579
TI  - Evaluation of test immunisation in the assessment of antibody deficiency
      syndromes.
AB  - Antibody responses after immunisation with pneumococcal polysaccharide did not
      correlate with the severity and frequency of infections in 22 patients with
      severe hypogammaglobulinaemia, when these were measured by a Farr
      radioimmunoassay. Five "healthy" patients with severe hypogammaglobulinaemia not
      only failed to make antipneumococcal polysaccharide antibody, when measured by
      radioimmunoassay, but also had very low or unrecordable antibody responses to
      Escherichia coli and failed to produce antibody when immunised with tetanus
      toxoid. Some of these subjects, however, did make small amounts of IgM
      antipneumococcal polysaccharide antibody when this was measured by an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay, while others retained some ability to produce IgM or
      IgA or both in their saliva. These findings show that the measurement of serum
      antibody responses after immunisation, with the possible exception of IgM
      antibodies to polysaccharides, is unlikely to be helpful in assessing the
      requirement for gammaglobulin replacement therapy in patients with
      hypogammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6428580
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome and Campylobacter jejuni: a serological study.
AB  - The association between Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain-Barre
      syndrome was investigated serologically in a retrospective study of 56 patients
      admitted to this hospital over four years. Evidence of preceding C jejuni
      infection was found in 21 (38%) of these patients, indicating that C jejuni was
      the most common single identifiable pathogen precipitating the disease. Among
      those patients who had presented with preceding diarrhoea the serum antibody
      response was similar to that in uncomplicated C jejuni enteritis. Patients with
      serological evidence of preceding C jejuni infection manifested a significantly
      more severe form of the disease. In cerebrospinal fluid the predominant specific
      antibody class was IgG, and this was closely related to the serum titres of
      specific IgG. IgA and IgM specific antibodies were found only in the
      cerebrospinal fluid of patients with recent C jejuni infection. These findings
      support the possibility that humoral immune factors are responsible for the
      neural damage and demyelination seen in Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 6428581
TI  - Circumstances of death from asthma.
AB  - Mortality from asthma in England and Wales has remained unchanged for at least 20
      years, even in the age group 15-44. Yet in those 20 years "modern" drugs have
      been introduced for the treatment of asthma, such as beta 2 agonist
      bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Why do patients still die? Detailed review
      of the circumstances of 90 deaths from asthma showed that a few were inevitable
      but that in the remainder four main sets of circumstances in the fatal attack
      contributed to the death. These were, firstly, the patient's failure to recognise
      the severity of the asthma; secondly, very rapid progress in the severity of the
      attack; thirdly, misjudgment in the management of the attack; and, fourthly,
      delay from many causes. Patients admitted to hospital with severe acute asthma
      usually survive. Those at risk of a life threatening attack should be identified
      and taught to monitor the severity and progress of their asthma objectively.
      Their direct admission to hospital should be facilitated.

PMID- 6428582
TI  - Nebuhaler versus nebuliser in children with acute asthma.

PMID- 6428583
TI  - Tuberculosis of the breast.

PMID- 6428584
TI  - Smoking and insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue.

PMID- 6428585
TI  - Unusual pulmonary reaction during short term prophylaxis with pyrimethamine
      sulfadoxine (Fansidar).

PMID- 6428586
TI  - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis due to whiplash injury.

PMID- 6428587
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis in elderly people after collapse.

PMID- 6428588
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis and malignant hyperpyrexia.

PMID- 6428589
TI  - Antiemetic prophylaxis with high dose metoclopramide or lorazepam in vomiting
      induced by chemotherapy.

PMID- 6428590
TI  - Randomised double blind controlled clinical trial of intranasal budesonide in
      treatment of hay fever.
AB  - The effectiveness of budesonide, a new non-halogenated glucocorticoid
      administered by nasal inhaler, was evaluated in a double blind comparison with
      placebo in patients presenting with hay fever. Patients were supplied with
      antihistamine tablets and eye drops for use when they considered that their
      symptoms were inadequately controlled by their inhaler. Patients recorded the
      severity of their symptoms in a daily diary card and visited their general
      practitioner for assessment weekly for four weeks. All nasal symptoms of hay
      fever were appreciably reduced in the group taking budesonide and, although their
      eye symptoms were more severe than in the group taking placebo, they did not use
      appreciably more eye drops than the latter. The placebo group used appreciably
      more antihistamine tablets than those in the budesonide group. No patients were
      withdrawn from the budesonide group because of treatment failure or unacceptable
      side effects. The results suggest that budesonide is an acceptable and effective
      treatment for the nasal symptoms of hay fever.

PMID- 6428591
TI  - Life changes. Leaving school.

PMID- 6428592
TI  - Rethinking established dogma. Screening for health.

PMID- 6428593
TI  - Selection and procurement of hearts for transplantation.
AB  - The success of orthotopic heart transplantation depends wholly on satisfactory
      function of the new heart on completion of the operation. This in turn depends on
      the quality of the donor heart before its removal, the effectiveness of the
      methods used to preserve it during transport from the donor to the recipient
      hospital, and the accuracy of the operative procedure. From January 1979 to
      December 1983, 62 donor hearts were transplanted into 61 recipients at Papworth
      Hospital. These hearts were selected from 250 offered for consideration. The most
      common reasons for not proceeding with an initial inquiry were failure of the
      donor to meet the medical criteria for selection (77 cases) and lack of intensive
      care facilities or staff shortages such that a transplant could not be
      accommodated at the time of inquiry (80). Eight early deaths occurred, of which
      three were due to primary failure of the donor heart. Actual one and three year
      survivals for the whole programme were 58% and 50% respectively, the current
      actual one year survival being 70%. Forty per cent of patients selected for
      transplantation died while waiting for a heart to become available. Their average
      survival time was 46 days. The number of donor hearts referred for
      transplantation depends on public attitudes towards organ transplantation, the
      willingness of doctors looking after brain dead patients to seek permission from
      relatives for the heart to be donated, and the cooperation of local kidney
      transplant surgeons. A larger number of suitable donor hearts to choose from
      would enable more patients to be treated, as transplant operations could be
      arranged so that existing facilities were used to their maximum capacity.

PMID- 6428594
TI  - ABC of asthma. Asthma in children: treatment.

PMID- 6428595
TI  - Priorities for hospital cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation, and control of
      infection.

PMID- 6428596
TI  - Uncontrollable bleeding under tourniquet.

PMID- 6428597
TI  - Major disaster planning.

PMID- 6428598
TI  - Medicine in the United States.

PMID- 6428599
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 6428600
TI  - Multiple sclerosis, hyperbaric oxygen and cancer.

PMID- 6428601
TI  - Quality control of home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations.

PMID- 6428602
TI  - Endoscopic jejunal biopsy with the Crosby capsule.

PMID- 6428603
TI  - Problems of tuberculosis in decline.

PMID- 6428604
TI  - Wilson's disease.

PMID- 6428605
TI  - Necrobacillosis.

PMID- 6428606
TI  - Analgesia in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6428607
TI  - Children's coughs related to parental smoking.

PMID- 6428608
TI  - Acute scrotal pain.

PMID- 6428609
TI  - Risks of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 6428610
TI  - Can you measure performance?

PMID- 6428611
TI  - The doctor and the child with learning problems.

PMID- 6428612
TI  - Ample scope for improving the health of prisoners.

PMID- 6428613
TI  - The breathless farm worker.

PMID- 6428614
TI  - Doctor to doctor.

PMID- 6428615
TI  - Cardiac pacing.

PMID- 6428616
TI  - Violence and psychosis. I. Risk of violence among psychotic men.
AB  - A survey of the records of 1241 men remanded in prison on criminal charges over
      four months yielded a high prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Of the total
      prison intake of 2743 men over the same period, 246 (9.0%) showed major symptoms
      of psychiatric illness and a further 237 (8.6%) symptoms of withdrawal from drugs
      or alcohol. Symptoms of neurotic disorders were underrecorded, so in terms of
      diagnosis 237 men (8.7%) were considered to be psychotic. Of these, 166 (70%)
      were schizophrenic. The influence of affective psychosis was small. The risk of
      violence among men with schizophrenia was high. Twenty five (9%) non-fatal
      personal assaults and 24 (21%) offences of damage to property were committed by
      men with schizophrenia. The presence of mental illness probably influences the
      decision to remand in custody for some of these offences, but this is unlikely to
      explain the substantially higher prevalence of schizophrenia among men convicted
      of homicide (five (11%) ) and arson (six (30%) ) than would be expected in the
      general population of Greater London (0.1-0.4%). The prevalence of schizophrenia
      among men convicted of homicide may even be an underestimate, as may the
      prevalence of affective psychosis and possibly of other psychiatric
      abnormalities, given the substantial incidence of concurrent suicide in such men.

PMID- 6428617
TI  - Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis associated with use of a straitjacket
      in lysergide intoxication.
AB  - Acute renal failure is a known sequel to rhabdomyolysis, both traumatic and non
      traumatic. Two patients who had been placed in straitjackets after taking
      lysergide (LSD) developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. One
      subsequently died. The rhabdomyolysis probably resulted from a combination of
      severe restraint and the violent movements induced by the drug. The use of
      straitjackets cannot be considered to be completely safe in such cases.

PMID- 6428618
TI  - Modifying risk of developing lung cancer by changing habits of cigarette smoking.
AB  - Data from a hospital based case-control study of lung cancer in Western Europe
      were used to examine changes in the risk of developing lung cancer after changes
      in habits of cigarette smoking. Only data for subjects who had smoked regularly
      at some time in their lives were included. The large size of the study population
      (7181 patients and 11 006 controls) permitted precise estimates of the effect of
      giving up smoking. Risks of developing lung cancer for people who had given up
      smoking 10 or more years before interview were less than half of those for people
      who continued to smoke. The reduction in risk was seen in men and women and in
      former smokers of both filter and non-filter cigarettes but varied by duration of
      smoking habit before giving up. The protective effect of giving up became
      progressively greater with shorter duration of smoking habit. The risks after not
      smoking for 10 years for both men and women who had previously smoked for less
      than 20 years were roughly the same as those for lifelong non-smokers. Reducing
      the number of cigarettes smoked a day or switching from non-filter to filter
      cigarettes also lowered the risk of developing lung cancer but not to the extent
      associated with giving up smoking.

PMID- 6428620
TI  - Coffee and serum cholesterol.

PMID- 6428619
TI  - The difficult choice of treatment for poorly controlled maturity onset diabetes:
      tablets or insulin?
AB  - Patients with maturity onset diabetes that is poorly controlled on maximal doses
      of oral hypoglycaemic agents are difficult to treat. A prospective randomised
      crossover study was performed in 58 predominantly non-obese patients on maximal
      doses of glibenclamide or metformin, or both, to find out if insulin would
      improve control or well being. The patients were given daily injections of up to
      48 units of highly purified porcine lente insulin. Glycaemic control was improved
      by 15% or more in only 18 patients; 14 others felt better but their diabetes was
      no better controlled. Those whose control was improved by insulin could not be
      distinguished by age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, or their own
      treatment preference. C peptide concentrations, however, did help predict the
      response to insulin, the fasting C peptide to glucose ratio being considerably
      lower in those patients whose control was better on insulin. These findings
      suggest that a simple insulin regimen does not necessarily lead to better
      glycaemic control in maturity onset diabetes. Nevertheless, a trial of insulin is
      often justified since it poses few practical difficulties and makes some patients
      feel better even if their control is not improved. A more complex regimen might
      improve control in more cases, but it might also be less acceptable to older
      patients.

PMID- 6428621
TI  - Suppression of foreign body granuloma by recombinant interferon.

PMID- 6428622
TI  - Donor ureteric calculus presenting as acute rejection in a renal transplant
      recipient.

PMID- 6428623
TI  - Hyponatraemia induced by a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene.

PMID- 6428624
TI  - Equity and consultation rates in general practice.
AB  - An attempt was made to distinguish different types of consultations and their
      variation by social class by a secondary analysis of the second national
      morbidity survey in general practice. The greatest difference in consultation
      rates, comparing patients in social classes IV and V with those in classes I and
      II, was for life threatening, urgent, chronic, or incapacitating conditions, thus
      matching the presumed difference in need. For more trivial conditions and for
      symptoms not specifically diagnosed the difference between social classes was
      less, and for married women in various ways consultation rates suggested less
      care seeking by patients in the lower social classes. The different uses made of
      primary care is more illuminating and more relevant to the question of equality
      in use of services than crude overall consulting rates by social class.

PMID- 6428625
TI  - Instant age-sex register.
AB  - An age-sex register for use in general practice was obtained directly from the
      family practitioner committee computer by direct transfer of data to a
      microcomputer.

PMID- 6428626
TI  - Health centres.

PMID- 6428627
TI  - Is routine episiotomy necessary?
AB  - One hundred and eighty one primigravid women delivering vaginally in July and
      August 1982 in the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, were randomly allocated to one of
      two groups. Patients in one group were to undergo episiotomy. Those in the other
      group were not to undergo episiotomy unless it was considered to be essential.
      The outcome was compared with that of the clinical practice over the previous six
      months at the hospital. Of the 92 patients allocated not to undergo episiotomy,
      seven (8%) had one done for medical reasons compared with 507 (89%) in the
      previous six months. First degree tears occurred in 23 (25%) and second degree
      tears in 43 (47%). Nineteen (21%), however, retained an intact perineum compared
      with only 35 (6%) of the women who had delivered in the preceding six months.
      Assessments of perineal pain, bruising, swelling, and healing and records of
      ingestion of analgesics were made for the first four days after delivery, and
      again at a check up six weeks after delivery, in patients who had had spontaneous
      vertex deliveries. Forty patients who underwent episiotomy and 37 who sustained a
      second degree tear formed two comparable groups. There was no difference in
      outcome between them. Data were also evaluated for 19 women who retained an
      intact perineum, 22 who sustained a first degree tear, and 11 who underwent
      episiotomy and epidural anaesthesia; all 52 of these women had spontaneous vertex
      deliveries. Despite severe soft tissue injury in two patients those who fared
      best were those who retained an intact perineum. First degree tears were
      associated with symptoms similar to those associated with second degree tears.
      Those who fared worst were women who underwent episiotomy after epidural
      anaesthesia. The value of routine episiotomy in primigravid patients is
      questioned, but the final decision can be made only by the accoucheur at the time
      of imminent delivery.

PMID- 6428628
TI  - What do young doctors think of their training and themselves?

PMID- 6428629
TI  - Laboratory equipment--where are the tools to do the work?

PMID- 6428630
TI  - An outbreak of leptospirosis in cattle and man.

PMID- 6428631
TI  - Leptospirosis in man, British Isles, 1983.

PMID- 6428632
TI  - Subdural haematoma in two patients with chronic neurological disorders.

PMID- 6428633
TI  - Conservative management of pregnancy in diabetic women.

PMID- 6428635
TI  - Breaking bad news.

PMID- 6428634
TI  - Hidden dangers of sliced bread.

PMID- 6428636
TI  - Planned and unplanned deliveries at home.

PMID- 6428637
TI  - British cosmetic regulations inadequate.

PMID- 6428638
TI  - Acupuncture.

PMID- 6428639
TI  - Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birth weight.

PMID- 6428640
TI  - Incoordination.

PMID- 6428641
TI  - Treatment of prolactinomas with megavoltage radiotherapy.

PMID- 6428642
TI  - Antidepressants and heart disease.

PMID- 6428643
TI  - Prospective comparison of three non-invasive tests for pancreatic disease.
AB  - Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and an oral pancreatic function test
      were evaluated prospectively in 107 consecutive patients suspected of having
      pancreatic disease, the final diagnosis being made independently of these tests.
      Seventeen patients proved to have either chronic pancreatitis or a pancreatic
      neoplasm. Five had an unfused ventral pancreas and 10 had "minimal change"
      pancreatograms. Seventy five patients did not have pancreatic disease. Among the
      17 patients with pancreatic disease the sensitivities of ultrasound, CT, and the
      pancreatic function test were 70%, 71%, and 76% respectively; among those without
      disease values of specificity of the three tests were 75%, 87%, and 72%. All
      three tests failed to detect most of the patients with unfused ventral pancreases
      or minimal change pancreatograms. The predictive values of a positive result for
      the three tests were 43%, 67%, and 34%. The predictive value of a negative result
      was greater than 90% for all the tests. Results improved when CT was combined
      with either of the two other tests. These findings show that CT is the most
      accurate of the three tests in diagnosing pancreatic disease but that a
      combination of ultrasound and the oral pancreatic function test offers a more
      widely applicable and almost as accurate alternative.

PMID- 6428644
TI  - Which deliveries require paediatricians in attendance?
AB  - The mode of delivery and one minute Apgar score were taken from the neonatal
      records of 2086 full term infants born at one obstetric unit over 12 months.
      There were 1554 spontaneous vaginal vertex deliveries, 26 vaginal breech
      deliveries, and 506 operative or instrumental deliveries. The obstetric records
      of the operative deliveries were reviewed to determine whether fetal distress had
      been an indication for intervention, and the obstetric records of the spontaneous
      vaginal vertex deliveries were also reviewed for fetal distress detected
      antenatally. When fetal distress was present antenatally in spontaneous vaginal
      vertex deliveries the frequency of a one minute Apgar score below 7 was 10.2%. In
      operative and instrumental deliveries where fetal distress was the indication for
      intervention the frequency of one a minute Apgar score below 7 was 15.6% after
      non-rotational forceps delivery, 13.9% after rotational forceps delivery, and
      45.8% after caesarean section. In the absence of fetal distress the frequency of
      an Apgar score below 7 was 2.4% after spontaneous deliveries, 7.1% after non
      rotational forceps delivery, 13.2% after caesarean section, and 18.4% after
      rotational forceps delivery. The presence of fetal distress considerably
      increased the frequency of an Apgar score below 7 in each category except
      rotational forceps deliveries. Paediatric services to an obstetric unit may be
      organised rationally in the light of local staffing conditions with the help of
      these findings.

PMID- 6428645
TI  - Diabetogenic effects of nifedipine.

PMID- 6428646
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of the hip in mini rugby.

PMID- 6428647
TI  - Violence and mental illness.

PMID- 6428648
TI  - Reversible acute on chronic renal failure during captopril treatment.

PMID- 6428649
TI  - Potassium supplements during treatment of glaucoma with acetazolamide.

PMID- 6428650
TI  - Major ocular trauma: a disturbing trend in field hockey injuries.

PMID- 6428651
TI  - Recruiting surgery staff.

PMID- 6428652
TI  - Evaluation of quality of contents of general practice records.
AB  - The quality of contents of general practice records was assessed by retrieving
      clinical information pertaining to hypertension in 171 consecutive records, and
      the quality of communication storage was assessed by seeking evidence of
      tuberculin skin tests or BCG vaccination, or both, in 298 consecutive records.
      There was no mention of urine analysis and blood test results in 43.3% and no
      record of fundal examination in 61.4% of the records of patients with
      hypertension. Electrocardiography was performed in 67.8% and chest x ray
      examination was done in 65.5% of these patients. These observations have
      importance for patient care, education, and research. The information regarding
      tuberculin skin test or BCG immunization, or both, was not available in 78% of
      the records. Reassessment of the individuals, however, showed that 89% of the
      studied population had had the test or vaccination, or both. There was thus a
      deficiency in communication and storage.

PMID- 6428653
TI  - Getting married.

PMID- 6428654
TI  - Rifampicin in non-tuberculous infections.

PMID- 6428655
TI  - Comparison between videotape and personal teaching as methods of communicating
      clinical skills to medical students.
AB  - The efficacy of video recording in transmitting clinical knowledge and skills to
      medical students was tested by recording on videotape demonstrations of physical
      examinations given by five clinicians to a randomly selected group of 12 students
      (personal group) from the first clinical year and then showing these recordings,
      under identical conditions, to 13 students from the same year (video group). The
      efficacy of both the personal and video mediums in terms of whether content was
      retained was tested by a questionnaire completed by all students at the end of
      the sessions and by a structured clinical assessment in which students were asked
      to demonstrate some of the same clinical tasks three weeks after the
      demonstration. In answering the questionnaire the video group obtained a mean
      (SD) score of 20.8 (7.0) (maximum possible score 40), which was not significantly
      different from the score achieved by the personal group (17.4 (7.7)). The video
      group was able to reproduce 44 (10)% of the total clinical steps demonstrated and
      the personal group 45 (14)%. Videotaped demonstrations can be as effective as
      personal teaching of clinical methods, and video should be developed as a medium
      for first line clinical teaching.

PMID- 6428656
TI  - How my teaching about the management of stroke would change after my own.

PMID- 6428657
TI  - Surgeons in the fields.

PMID- 6428658
TI  - Uterine prolapse and urinary tract obstruction.

PMID- 6428659
TI  - Tuberculosis of the breast.

PMID- 6428660
TI  - Problems of tuberculosis in decline.

PMID- 6428661
TI  - The presentation of raised intracranial pressure in children with spina bifida
      and the importance of integrated follow up.

PMID- 6428662
TI  - Antismoking intervention in general practice.

PMID- 6428663
TI  - Correction of experimentally produced vesicoureteric reflux in the piglet by
      intravesical injection of Teflon.
AB  - Vesicoureteric reflux was produced in eight piglets by opening their bladders and
      slitting the anterior intravesical wall of the ureter. Cystography confirmed the
      presence of bilateral reflux in six piglets and unilateral reflux in two. Six to
      eight weeks later the bladder was again opened and Teflon paste injected in the
      space behind the intravesical ureter, thereby creating a support for the
      submucosal ureter. Cystography four to six weeks after injection of Teflon paste
      showed absence of reflux in all animals. Intravenous pyelography showed
      obstruction at the vesicoureteric junction in only one of the 14 treated ureters
      and this was later confirmed at necropsy. Animals were followed up from one to
      six months and then were killed. Gross examination of the vesicoureteric region
      showed a well circumscribed subureteric Teflon mass of firm consistency,
      retaining its shape and position at the site of the injection. Histological
      examination showed encapsulation of the implant by a thin layer of fibrous tissue
      and a foreign body granulomatous reaction with histiocytes and giant cells within
      the implant. Hence it is technically feasible to correct experimentally produced
      vesicoureteric reflux in the piglet by intravesical injection of Teflon paste--a
      relatively inert material. It may now be possible to treat vesicoureteric reflux
      in man by endoscopic injection of Teflon behind the intravesical ureter.

PMID- 6428665
TI  - Paunches and the prediction of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6428664
TI  - Britain's failure to prevent deaths from cervical cancer.

PMID- 6428666
TI  - Pulmonary aspiration: high dose steroids should be abandoned.

PMID- 6428667
TI  - The GMC should be more concerned with the postgraduate rather than the primary
      qualification of overseas doctors.

PMID- 6428668
TI  - The duty of care: medical negligence.

PMID- 6428669
TI  - Treatment of vesicoureteric reflux by endoscopic injection of Teflon.
AB  - Thirteen girls with grade III-V vesicoureteric reflux were treated by endoscopic
      injection of Teflon paste behind the intravesical ureter. Fourteen of the 18
      treated ureters showed complete absence of reflux after one injection of Teflon.
      Three ureters required a second injection of Teflon for successful treatment of
      the reflux. One ureter with grade IV reflux was converted to grade II reflux.
      Properly carried out, this procedure corrects reflux. It takes less than 15
      minutes, may be done as a day procedure, and avoids open surgery. There have been
      no complications.

PMID- 6428670
TI  - Violence and psychosis. II--Effect of psychiatric diagnosis on conviction and
      sentencing of offenders.
AB  - An examination of the records of all sick and violent men remanded to a large
      English prison suggested a tendency among police to consider men to be
      exceptionally dangerous simply because of their mental illness. On further study,
      however, there was no evidence that the mentally ill were more vulnerable to
      detention without subsequent conviction than their normal peers. Remand was
      rarely followed by help for the mentally abnormal men studied; this is disturbing
      as requests for psychiatric help constitute an important reason for custodial
      remand. Less than a third of the men with active symptoms went to hospital,
      although some of the less disturbed received supervision (including probation)
      orders, occasionally with treatment. As there is evidence that most of the few
      mentally abnormal offenders who subsequently receive treatment benefit from it,
      psychiatrists should do more for offender patients.

PMID- 6428671
TI  - Diagnosing gall bladder disease.

PMID- 6428672
TI  - Obscure bleeding from the small bowel.

PMID- 6428673
TI  - Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6428674
TI  - Asthma in children.

PMID- 6428675
TI  - Pneumothorax in acute asthma.

PMID- 6428676
TI  - Specificity of surfactant deficiency in neonatal respiratory disorders.

PMID- 6428677
TI  - Mesothelioma due to domestic exposure to asbestos.

PMID- 6428678
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen for multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6428679
TI  - Dilate the pupil and see the fundus.

PMID- 6428680
TI  - Radiotherapy for paraquat lung toxicity.

PMID- 6428681
TI  - The spleen preserved.

PMID- 6428682
TI  - Management of spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 6428683
TI  - How might we improve surgical services for rural populations in developing
      countries.

PMID- 6428684
TI  - Rapid and early determination of sex using trophoblast biopsy specimens and Y
      chromosome specific DNA probes.
AB  - The feasibility of determining sex by analysing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with
      two probes specific for Y chromosomes was shown using DNA obtained from samples
      of blood from 30 non-related males and females of different ethnic origin. The
      DNA was spotted on nitrocellulose filters and hybridised with both a repetitive
      (P1) and a unique (49f) sequence specific for the human Y chromosome. A strong
      positive signal with both probes indicated the presence of male DNA. The sex of
      12 fetuses was then similarly determined by molecular characterisation of DNA
      from trophoblast biopsy specimens. Chorionic samples were obtained in seven cases
      before termination of pregnancy in the first trimester and the aborted embryos
      subjected to karyotyping and sex chromatin analysis. In the five other cases
      samples were obtained from placentas obtained during caesarean section. Results
      of hybridisation were compared with those from cytogenic studies and actual sex
      at birth. The sex of all 12 fetuses was determined correctly by hybridisation.

PMID- 6428685
TI  - Late failure of vasectomy after two documented analyses showing azoospermic
      semen.
AB  - From April 1970 to December 1980, 14 047 men underwent vasectomy for
      sterilisation under local anaesthetic at this clinic. In each man sterility was
      confirmed by two analyses of semen showing azoospermia. Allowing for a minimum
      follow up of three years, the wives of six of these men subsequently became
      pregnant between 16 months and three years after vasectomy. Analyses of semen
      confirmed recanalisation of the vasa deferentia in all six men. Only five similar
      cases initially fulfilling the same criteria for sterility have previously been
      reported. Full account of the rare possibility of recanalisation should be taken
      both when couples are counselled preoperatively and when pregnancy occurs after
      the male partner has been confirmed to be sterile.

PMID- 6428686
TI  - Blood thiamine and thiamine phosphate ester concentrations in alcoholic and non
      alcoholic liver diseases.
AB  - Thiamine state was investigated in patients with alcoholic liver disease,
      patients with various non-alcoholic liver diseases, and controls using a direct
      technique (thiochrome assay) to measure thiamine, thiamine monophospate, and the
      active coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate in whole blood after isolating the
      fractions by ion exchange chromatography. Overall nutrition was similar in all
      groups as assessed by anthropometry, and no patient had clinical evidence of
      thiamine deficiency. There was no significant difference among the groups in mean
      concentration of any form of thiamine. The scatter was much greater in patients
      with alcoholic liver disease but only 8.7% had biochemical thiamine deficiency
      (defined as a blood concentration of the active coenzyme greater than 2 SD below
      the mean control value). An unexpected finding was of abnormally high total
      thiamine concentrations (greater than 2 SD above the mean control value) in 17.4%
      of patients with alcoholic liver disease, the highest concentrations being found
      in two patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The ratio of
      phosphorylated to unphosphorylated thiamine was calculated as an index of
      phosphorylation and, although the mean did not differ significantly among the
      groups, the range was greatest in alcoholic liver disease. The lowest ratios
      occurred in the two patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, but neither had
      evidence of thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency. Contrary to studies using indirect
      assay techniques, these results suggest that thiamine deficiency is unusual in
      well nourished patients with alcoholic liver disease. The new finding of
      unexpectedly high thiamine concentrations in some patients may be due to
      abnormalities of hepatic storage or release in liver disease, particularly in
      severe alcoholic hepatitis. There was no convincing evidence of impaired thiamine
      phosphorylation in any patients with liver disease. Conclusions from studies
      using indirect assays on the prevalence and mechanisms of thiamine deficiency in
      liver diseases may not be valid.

PMID- 6428687
TI  - Augmentin (amoxycillin-clavulanic acid) compared with co-trimoxazole in urinary
      tract infections.

PMID- 6428688
TI  - Evaluation of a gluten free product containing wheat gliadin in patients with
      coeliac disease.

PMID- 6428689
TI  - Rethinking established dogma. Is good general practice possible?

PMID- 6428690
TI  - GPs and their staff. How to change a contract of employment.

PMID- 6428691
TI  - Management of obstructed balloon catheters.
AB  - Failure of a balloon catheter to deflate is not uncommon and prevents its
      removal. Methods of overcoming the problem include traction, bursting the balloon
      by overinflation, dissolving it with solvents, puncturing it percutaneously with
      a needle, or puncturing it with a wire stylet passed through the catheter. All
      except the last technique have major disadvantages and are of questionable
      safety. Transcatheter puncture of the balloon was used in 16 patients to remove
      obstructed balloon catheters without any technical difficulty, distress to the
      patient, or complication. The procedure is safe, simple, and does not require an
      anaesthetic. If necessary it could be performed safely by nursing or paramedical
      staff without the patient having to be admitted to hospital. It is the method of
      choice for the management of this problem.

PMID- 6428692
TI  - Incidence and estimated need of caesarean section, inguinal hernia repair, and
      operation for strangulated hernia in rural Africa.
AB  - Numbers of caesarean sections, inguinal hernia repairs, and operations for
      strangulated hernia performed in 1979-81 at 10 rural hospitals in eastern Africa
      were matched against estimated populations in the respective catchment areas.
      Annual rates of each operation varied considerably between hospitals, the
      averages being: for caesarean sections 25 per 100 000 per year; for inguinal
      hernia repairs 25 per 100 000 per year; and for operations for strangulated
      hernia four per 100 000 per year. The estimated minimum needs for these
      operations, based on available data for morbidity were 225, 175, and 30 per 100
      000 per year, respectively. Numerous deaths and cases of permanent disability
      occur in remote rural villages because common conditions requiring urgent surgery
      are neither prevented nor properly cared for. A balanced improvement of both
      primary and secondary care in rural Africa is needed.

PMID- 6428693
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Immediate measures--in hospital.

PMID- 6428694
TI  - Sexually transmitted disease surveillance in Britain: 1982.

PMID- 6428695
TI  - Epidemiology of PPNG infections in the Netherlands: analysis by auxanographic
      typing and plasmid identification.
AB  - We carried out auxanographic typing and plasmid identification on 1380 isolates
      of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolated in the
      Netherlands in 1982 and found four plasmid patterns and 24 auxotypes with
      noticeable local or regional variations. Among 756 strains harbouring the 3 X 2
      megadalton (Mdal) resistance plasmid ("African" type), with or without the 24
      Mdal transfer plasmid, 667 (88%) were non-requiring and inhibited by
      phenylalanine. This type was endemic in most of the cities or regions we studied.
      Twenty methionine requiring PPNG strains were found, all harbouring the 3.2 and
      24 Mdal plasmid; virtually all of them were isolated or contracted in the region
      of Groningen. The predominant (443 (71%) auxotype among the 624 PPNG strains
      containing the 4.5 Mdal plasmid ("Asian" type) (with or without the 24 Mdal
      plasmid) was proline requiring. This auxotype (with the 4.5 Mdal and 24 Mdal
      plasmid) caused an outbreak in Amsterdam, and in Groningen replaced the local
      methionine requiring auxotype which had the 3.2 Mdal and 24 Mdal plasmids. Many
      auxotypes with the 4.5 Mdal plasmid, and requiring proline only, or proline and
      isoleucine, circulated in the Hague. Spread of imported strains by prostitution
      played an important part in the epidemiology of infection with PPNG strains.

PMID- 6428696
TI  - Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Zurich, Switzerland.
AB  - Of 1031 consecutive isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae examined before 31 July
      1982, 30 strains showed beta-lactamase activity. All the penicillinase producing
      N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains were imported, 23 of them from South East Asia. One
      PPNG strain was identified as coming from Antigua and one from Chile, the first
      PPNG strains to be reported from these two countries. In 28 strains, the minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin was greater than or equal to 4.0
      mg/l, and 15 strains were insensitive to tetracycline (MIC greater than or equal
      to 2.0 mg/l). Four strains were less sensitive to spectinomycin (MIC = 30 mg/l),
      while the remaining 26 were highly sensitive to this antibiotic. The African
      plasmid was found in only one strain (that originating from Antigua), and all
      other PPNG strains contained the Asian plasmid. Twenty PPNG strains contained the
      resistance plasmid together with the transfer plasmid. Auxotype determination
      showed that 18 PPNG strains were prototrophic whereas 11 were proline requiring.

PMID- 6428697
TI  - Induction by human serum of resistance to serum in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A
      clinical survey of patients with gonorrhoea.
AB  - Serum from 74 female and 170 male patients with gonorrhoea and from 72 male and
      123 female controls was tested for its ability to induce in gonococci resistance
      to complement mediated killing by human serum. We confirmed two findings of a
      previous survey: firstly, a higher percentage of serum samples from women
      suffering their first infection than from female controls induced high
      resistance; secondly, no serum sample taken from infected women with
      complications (mainly salpingitis) induced high resistance. The number of serum
      samples from female patients with repeat infection was too small for conclusions
      to be drawn. In men, however, there were no significant differences between
      patients and controls, or between patients with first or repeat infection, in the
      percentage whose serum induced high resistance. The pattern of these results on
      the induction of resistance to serum correlates with the general clinical aspects
      of gonococcal infections; namely, wide clinical differences in symptoms in women
      contrasting with a more uniform pattern in men.

PMID- 6428698
TI  - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea with rosoxacin (acrosoxacin).
AB  - An open study was designed primarily to evaluate the efficacy of rosoxacin in the
      treatment of gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      (PPNG) and non-PPNG strains. A total of 199 patients (99 men and 100 women)
      satisfactorily completed follow up examinations, 50 men and 50 women having
      received rosoxacin 300 mg orally and the remainder having received kanamycin 2 g
      intramuscularly. Rosoxacin achieved an overall cure rate of 94% (96.7% for PPNG
      and 90% for non-PPNG strains). In patients treated with kanamycin the overall
      cure rate was 89.9% (92.7% for PPNG and 83.3% for non-PPNG strains). A
      correlation between treatment failures and minimum inhibitory concentrations
      (MICs) of rosoxacin was noted in non-PPNG strains but not in PPNG strains. Side
      effects which were mild and self limiting were noted in 15 of 100 patients
      treated with rosoxacin. The high failure rates associated with non-PPNG strains
      requiring MICs of 0.125 mg/l and the observation of a substantial rise in the
      MICs for isolates after treatment is of concern. Otherwise, rosoxacin in a single
      dose of 300 mg appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of
      uncomplicated gonorrhoea.

PMID- 6428699
TI  - Two dose Augmentin treatment of acute gonorrhoea in men.
AB  - We studied 192 men with acute gonococcal urethritis, 97 of whom received two oral
      doses of Augmentin (amoxycillin 3 g and clavulanic acid 250 mg) separated by a
      four hour interval; the remaining 95 received 2 g kanamycin in a single
      intramuscular injection. Of the patients treated with Augmentin, 93 (95.9%) were
      cured, which was significantly more than the 83 (87.4%) patients treated with
      kanamycin. Augmentin was equally effective in the treatment of penicillinase
      producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and non-PPNG infections, the cure rates
      for which were 96.6% and 95.6% respectively.

PMID- 6428700
TI  - Expression of the 70 kdalton neurofilament protein in clonal lines of mouse
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - The expression of the neurofilament (NF) protein triplet (70, 150 and 200 k
      daltons (K)) was studied by immunofluorescence in two clones of murine C-1300
      neuroblastoma. Clone 1 formed clumps of round cells with few processes, while in
      clone 2 the cells were more dispersed and extended many processes. In both clones
      selective decoration of tight bundles of filaments was only observed with anti-NF
      70 K. Round cells contained curvilinear bundles with the appearance of whorls and
      ringlets , while in cells extending processes the bundles were more rectilinear
      in shape. Ringlets were the most prominent feature in large clumps of cells.
      Antisera to vimentin, the mesenchymal-type intermediate filament (IF) protein,
      decorated the neuroblastoma cells with a different pattern. Treatment of the two
      clones with dibutyryl cAMP, a neurite-inducing agent, did not result in the
      expression of NF 150 K and NF 200 K, although many cells had extended processes
      and the shape of the NF bundles had changed accordingly.

PMID- 6428701
TI  - Comparative anatomical study of the tegmentomammillary projections in some
      mammals: a horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Mammillary projections from each subnuclei of Gudden 's tegmental nuclei were
      investigated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cat,
      rat, guinea pig, golden hamster and house shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora).
      The dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden (TD) is composed of the pars dorsalis
      (TDD) and the pars ventralis ( TDV ) in the cat, rat, guinea pig, and golden
      hamster, but the TD of the house shrew can not be divided. The ventral tegmental
      nucleus of Gudden (TV) is composed of the pars principalis (TVP) and the pars
      suprafascicularis ( TVS ) in the golden hamster and house shrew, but the TVS is
      not recognized in the cat, rat and guinea pig. The TDV projects to the lateral
      mammillary nucleus, and the TVP projects to the medial mammillary nucleus
      ipsilaterally in the cat, rat, guinea pig and golden hamster. The TVS of the
      golden hamster projects to the medial mammillary nucleus. The TVP and TVS of the
      house shrew project to the medial mammillary nucleus, and the TVS also to the
      lateral mammillary nucleus. In addition, the pars compacta of the nucleus
      centralis superior projects to the medial mammillary nucleus in the rat, guinea
      pig and golden hamster. However, the TDD sends no fibers to the mammillary nuclei
      in these 5 species of mammals.

PMID- 6428702
TI  - Regional brain catecholamine levels and the development of hypertension in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat: the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - To investigate the role of central catecholaminergic pathways in the development
      of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) the effects of
      intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were
      compared with those of local injections near the main ascending noradrenergic
      pathways. The parameters studied were systolic blood pressure, heart rate and
      regional catecholamine concentrations in micropunched brain areas. I.c.v.
      treatment with 6-OHDA (three 200 micrograms injections) of young SHR attenuated
      the development of hypertension and caused widespread depletion of noradrenaline
      and to a lesser extent of dopamine and adrenaline. 6-OHDA-induced lesions of the
      dorsal and ventral noradrenergic bundles did not affect the rise in blood
      pressure but induced a depletion of forebrain noradrenaline comparable to that
      after the i.c.v. treatment. Dopamine and adrenaline levels were, however, not
      substantially affected. These results suggest that forebrain noradrenergic
      innervation may not be of major importance for the development of hypertension in
      the SHR.

PMID- 6428703
TI  - Effect of pituitary transplants on the LH-RH concentrations in the medial basal
      hypothalamus and hypophyseal portal blood.
AB  - The effects of hyperprolactinemia on catecholamine turnover in the medial basal
      hypothalamus (MBH) and on the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)
      concentrations in MBH and hypophyseal portal blood were investigated in female
      Wistar rats. Chronic endogenous hyperprolactinemia was produced by implantation
      of anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule. Catecholamine turnover in
      the MBH was studied by inhibiting monoamine oxidase and then measuring the
      accumulation of catecholamines by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection. Rats bearing pituitary transplants exhibited: (1)
      persistent vaginal diestrus within 3-6 days of the implantation; (2) increased
      serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL); (3) decreased serum concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone (LH); (4) increased pituitary concentrations of LH and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); (5) increased turnovers of dopamine in the
      MBH; and (6) decreased concentrations of LH-RH in the MBH and in plasma of
      hypophyseal portal blood. These findings suggest that chronic hyperprolactinemia
      may increase dopaminergic tone in the MBH that may inhibit LH-RH secretion from
      the MBH, and LH release from the pituitary. These processes may be responsible
      for disturbances of cyclic pituitary-ovarian activity.

PMID- 6428704
TI  - Respiratory effects of a long-acting analog of adenosine.
AB  - The effect on respiration, measured as integrated phrenic nerve activity, of an
      analog of adenosine, N6(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA), was determined in 26
      paralyzed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats whose end-tidal pCO2 was kept
      constant by means of a servocontrolled ventilator. Whether given intravenously or
      into the third cerebral ventricle, PIA caused a dose-related depression of
      respiration, involving both tidal activity and respiratory frequency. In a group
      of 6 cats, the effects of intraventricular PIA or its vehicle alone on medullary
      extracellular fluid (ECF) pH were also determined. Vehicle alone had no effect on
      either ECF pH or respiratory activity. PIA was associated with the development
      over 10-20 min of a metabolic acidosis in the medulla, but still led to marked
      depression of respiration, thus ruling out an increase of medullary blood flow as
      cause of the decreased respiration. We conclude that the adenosine analog, PIA,
      acts to inhibit directly neurons in the brain that are involved in the control of
      respiration, and we suggest that adenosine may act as a tonic modulator of
      respiration.

PMID- 6428705
TI  - Quantitative analysis of [3H]spiroperidol binding to rat forebrain sections:
      plasticity of neostriatal dopamine receptors after nigrostriatal injury.
AB  - The binding of [3H]spiroperidol to rat coronal sections in vitro was investigated
      using two procedures: swabbing studies, in which the tissue sections are wiped
      from the microscope slides after incubation in the presence of [3H]spiroperidol,
      and autoradiographic studies, in which the autoradiographic negatives are
      analyzed using computer-assisted densitometry. In the swabbing studies, the
      pharmacological and kinetic properties of butaclamol-displaceable binding were
      investigated, and the following results suggest that [3H]spiroperidol binds
      specifically to only a single site within the basal forebrain of tissue sections
      and that the site is the dopamine D-2 receptor. The pseudo-first order and first
      order plots for the rate of association to and dissociation from tissue sections
      appeared to be linear. Dopamine antagonists, such as haloperidol and butaclamol,
      were much more effective than dopamine agonists or the serotonin S-2 ligand,
      ketanserin, in inhibiting [3H]spiroperidol binding. The ability of dopamine
      agonists to inhibit [3H]spiroperidol binding was markedly reduced by the guanine
      nucleotide, Gpp(NH)p. Saturation analysis of specific [3H]spiroperidol binding
      revealed a Kd and Bmax of 0.93 nM and 447 fmol/mg protein, and a Hill coefficient
      of 1.05. The findings are also compatible with the possibility that
      [3H]spiroperidol binds to several sites that have identical affinities for this
      ligand. Densitometric studies were used to assess the effect of lesions on
      [3H]spiroperidol binding in the neostriatum. Intrastriatal injection of kainic
      acid substantially reduced 1 microM (+)--butaclamol-displaceable binding,
      indicating that the receptors are in large part on intrinsic striatal neurons.
      Neostriatal [3H]spiroperidol binding was investigated 7 days after destruction of
      the mesotelencephalic dopamine system by the ventral tegmental injection of 6
      hydroxydopamine. As determined by saturation analysis, the average values for Kd
      and Bmax were 0.66 nM and 1212 fmol/mg protein in the intact striatum, and 0.82
      nM and 1504 fmol/mg in the denervated striatum. The finding of a significant
      23.8% increase in receptor density by the end of the first postoperative week, a
      period during which behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine increases rapidly,
      supports the hypothesis that a proliferation of D-2 receptors underlies the
      behavioral manifestations of denervation supersensitivity.

PMID- 6428706
TI  - Chemically defined requirements for the survival of cultured 8-day chick embryo
      ciliary ganglion neurons.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that both peripheral and central neurons from
      embryonic chick and newborn mouse can be maintained in a serum-free defined
      culture medium containing the appropriate neuronotrophic agent and the N1
      supplement consisting of insulin, transferrin, putrescine, progesterone and
      selenite. In the present studies we have examined the short-term survival
      requirements of 8-day embryonic chick ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons. By comparing
      CG neuronal survival in our standard culture medium, Eagle's Basal Medium (EBM),
      with several other commercially available basal media, we have established that
      CG neurons also have specific requirements for pyruvate, serine and iron (Fe3+),
      in addition to their trophic factor (Ciliary Neuronotrophic Factor, CNTF) and the
      N1 supplement. The data suggest the existence of 3 subsets of CG neurons
      differing in their essential needs, namely: (1) those supported by glucose in the
      absence of pyruvate, (2) those requiring exogenous pyruvate but not serine or
      Fe3+, and (3) those which need pyruvate, serine and Fe3+. The minimal effective
      concentration of pyruvate could be decreased by a factor of 50 in the concurrent
      presence of serine and Fe3+. Serine was also a limiting element in the survival
      of some of these CG neurons. The Fe3+ concentration required by the same neurons
      was considerably diminished with the availability of transferrin, perhaps
      reflecting an increased Fe3+ transmembrane transport efficiency. Insulin was
      found to be the only N1 ingredient required for the survival of CG neurons.
      Insulin was a constant requirement for all 3 subsets of CG neurons, even when
      cultured in the total absence of glucose (but presence of pyruvate).

PMID- 6428707
TI  - Biosynthesis of gangliosides in cultured retina from chick embryos.
AB  - Retina tissue from 7-day chick embryos was maintained in culture for up to 10
      days. After 5 days in culture the incorporation of [3H]leucine into proteins and
      of [3H]glucosamine into gangliosides was similar to that found in retinas from 12
      day embryos. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA decreased steadily with
      time in culture; after 5 days it was about 20% of the initial value and
      approximately twice that determined in retinas from 12-day embryos. The
      radioactivity pattern of gangliosides labeled with [3H]glucosamine showed a
      predominance of the label in disialosyllactosylceramide (GD3); up to the 3rd day
      of culture. From then on, there was a progressive increase in the labeling of
      disialosylgangliotetraosylceramide (GD1a); by day 7 of culture, labeling of GD1a
      predominated and the labeling pattern was indistinguishable from that found in
      retinas from 12-day-old embryos. The specific activities of the CMP-NeuAc:GM3
      sialosyl- and UDP-GalNAc:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferases decreased to 15%
      and increased to 400%, respectively, of the values determined in the retinas of 7
      day embryos. The cultured retinas progressed in their organization into layers
      with culture time. The labeling transition from GD3 to GD1a was also detected
      after inhibition of the histotypic organization by addition of 5-bromo 2
      deoxyuridine to the culture medium. Results suggest that high activity of
      GM3:sialosyl transferase and high labeling of GD3 are associated with the
      proliferative state of retina cells, while high activity of GM3:N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and high labeling of GD1a are associated with the
      non-proliferative, differentiated state of these cells.

PMID- 6428708
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma and autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Outbreaks of Kaposi's sarcoma, opportunistic infections, and autoimmune
      thrombocytopenia among homosexual men have recently been described. We report
      here a case with the combination of Kaposi's sarcoma and autoimmune
      thrombocytopenia. Our patient presented with Kaposi's sarcoma limited to the
      integument and autoimmune thrombocytopenia diagnosed by elevated platelet bound
      IgG. Characteristics of immunosuppression included lymphocytopenia and a reversed
      blood helper:suppressor T lymphocyte ratio. Immunohistochemical evaluation of
      skin biopsy specimens revealed tumor cells to contain Factor VIII-related antigen
      (a vascular endothelial cell marker). In addition some tumor cells stained
      positively with a monoclonal antibody directed against a cytomegalovirus antigen.

PMID- 6428709
TI  - [Relay toxicity of aflatoxin M1 in powdered milk. Medium term study on
      ducklings].
AB  - In milk from dairy Cows eating Peanut meal containing 1.71 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1,
      6 to 11.7 p. cent is transformed into aflatoxin M1. 7.5 micrograms/kg of this,
      brought by 30 p. cent of dried milk in diet, given 69 days to Duckling is without
      any toxic effect. There are important lesions with a diet containing 10 to 30 p.
      cent of Peanut meal bringing in aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6428710
TI  - [Are Stannius corpuscles the parathyroid glands of teleost fishes?
      Ultrastructural, cytologic and immunocytochemical arguments].
AB  - Parathyrin of Stannius corpuscles (PCS), glands which are restricted to Holostei
      and Teleostei, is closely related to mammalian parathyrin (PTH) secreted by the
      parathyroids [( 6] to [9]). In unstimulated and stimulated CS we have shown the
      same structure and cellular types that are described in mammalian parathyroids.
      We observed three types of cells; the two sorts of cells already described [14]
      present such a difference of density (Fig. 1) that type I may be compared to
      chief dark cells and type II to chief light cells. The difference between these
      two forms was particularly marked in activated CS; a similar observation has been
      reported concerning PT [15]. Furthermore, we have detected a third type of cell
      present either singly in unactivated CS or in small groups between chief cells in
      activated CS. They showed all the characteristics of oxyphil cells [17]; they
      present an extremely dense cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria and a typical
      stellate form with cytoplasmic processes extending between chief cells (Figs. 2,
      3). In CS of untreated eels, we have shown by means of indirect immunocytology
      (using an immunserum raised against the active fragment 1-34 bPTH) that the
      immunostained reaction product was limited to dilated cisternae and ribosomes of
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum and to most of the granules in all the chief
      cells (Figs. 4, 5). No immunoreaction was observed in Golgi area. Oxyphil cells
      did not present an immune localization of PCS. CS are structurally and
      cytologically similar to mammalian PT; furthermore their chief cells synthesize,
      stock and secrete a substance immunologically similar to mammalian PTH; the exact
      function of oxyphil cells has to be demonstrated.

PMID- 6428711
TI  - [A model of the evolution of species on three levels, based on the global
      properties of Boolean networks].
AB  - Population dynamics of organisms characterized by a six loci genome with four
      alleles obeys a differential system in which fitness is obtained as a global
      property of a boolean network. This system exhibits two different regimes:
      accelerated evolution and punctuated equilibria.

PMID- 6428712
TI  - [Localization of ribosomal genes and nucleolar activity in lymphocytes of swine
      (Sus scrofa domestica) stimulated by phytohemagglutinins].
AB  - The Pig chromosomes that contain rDNA sites displayed a polymorphism in the
      distribution of the genes among the nucleolar organizers located on pairs Nos. 8
      and 10. Two, or more often three, active sites were observed in the chromosomes
      of lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Only 5% of the metaphases
      showed a 4th small active site. At the onset of stimulation most cells contained
      one-two nucleoli; four nucleoli were never observed. After prolonged stimulation,
      the number of nuclei containing three nucleoli increased. A 4th small nucleolus
      appeared in a few cells, presumably formed by activation of the smallest rDNA
      site.

PMID- 6428713
TI  - [Fibroblast cooperation in the graft of tumor cells in nude mice].
AB  - The occurrence and growth of xenogenic tumors in athymic Mice depend on a number
      of factors: the level of the immune response, the number of the injected tumor
      cells and the microenvironment of the tumor cells. We have demonstrated that the
      addition of cultivated fibroblasts to murine sarcoma cells was necessary for
      tumors to take. The addition of irradiated fibroblasts or of a medium conditioned
      by fibroblasts had the same effect. We therefore hypothesize an interaction
      between the fibroblasts which produce factors necessary for tumor cells and
      murine sarcoma cells which then initiate a tumor in the host. In vivo, tumor
      cells could induce host fibroblasts to produce growth factor(s) which in turn
      would help to initiate and maintain tumor growth.

PMID- 6428714
TI  - [Hormonal and compartmental correlates during adrenarche in the chimpanzee].
AB  - Ten male and eleven female Chimpanzees from three to nine years of age were
      studied to establish possible correlations between behavioral changes and
      hormonal changes peculiar to adrenarche and the pre-puberty period. Most of the
      thirteen behaviors studied varied with age, body weight and hormones. For the
      males, the correlations were significant statistically for age, weight and plasma
      concentration of testosterone and of FSH. The correlations for the females were
      more often not significant statistically. In ten out of the thirteen behaviors
      for the female, however, the correlations with the sulfate of plasma
      dehydroepiandrosterone were in the same direction as those observed for the males
      with testosterone.

PMID- 6428715
TI  - [Comparison of quantity of thyroxine in thyroglobulin and the peptide hormones
      derived from chromatography and immunoenzyme assay].
AB  - An evaluation of the thyroxine content in thyroglobulin and different derived
      thyroxine-containing peptides by enzyme immunoassay is presented. Results
      correlate very well with those obtained by ion-exchange chromatography which
      served as a reference method: r = 0.997, p less than 10(-6). Enzyme immunoassay
      is more rapid and sensitive than ion-exchange chromatography and then suitable
      for routine use. Furthermore, this paper shows, for the first time, that enzyme
      immunoassay can be used to perform direct thyroxine estimation in small peptide
      (Mr less than 2,500) without previous total enzymatic hydrolysis.

PMID- 6428716
TI  - [Activation of oxidative metabolism of granulocytes and monocytes by IGG-coated
      platelets from patients with thrombocytopenia].
AB  - We have previously shown that monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies bound to their
      specific targets can trigger the activation of monocyte/macrophage oxidative
      metabolism through an Fc receptor-mediated interaction. The present study
      demonstrates that IgG coated platelets from patients with thrombocytopenia
      associated diseases can induce a similar respiratory burst activation in
      polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes from normal individuals. The
      intensity of the oxidative reaction as measured by luminol-dependent
      chemiluminescence is in close correlation with the level of surface-bound IgG
      molecules as determined by a radioactive anti-immunoglobulin assay. This new
      methodology to evaluating IgG fixed on human platelets by their capacity to
      trigger the generation of highly reactive oxygen species by granulocytes and
      monocytes has also suggested a new mechanism in the genesis of thrombocytopenia
      associated with autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 6428717
TI  - [Interspecies somatic hybrid cultures from human epidermal cells and 3T3-4E mouse
      fibroblasts].
AB  - Interspecific somatic hybrids were obtained by fusion of adult human epidermal
      cells with Mouse fibroblasts 3T3-4E, deficient in thymidine kinase. These hybrids
      were identified by their morphology and by the presence of markers from the
      parental cells. Some characters of keratinocytes such as keratin subunits 50 and
      51 K were present in primary cultures and disappeared after serial passages,
      whereas bullous pemphigoid basement membrane zone antigens persisted for at least
      20 passages. At the 7th passage, a metacentric chromosome, and more often a
      submetacentric chromosome, presumably of human origin, were observed in some
      cells.

PMID- 6428718
TI  - [Heterogeneity of antibodies blocking the binding of bungarotoxin to the
      acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia].
AB  - Inhibitory effect of myasthenic patients antibodies on alpha-bungarotoxin binding
      to the human acetylcholine receptor has been demonstrated by radioimmunoassay. By
      using decamethonium, an acetylcholine agonist, we have shown the existence of two
      antibody sub-groups reacting with the toxin-binding site: one sub-group is
      represented by antibodies which block the binding directly, the other by
      antibodies that inhibit the binding, only in the presence of decamethonium.

PMID- 6428719
TI  - [Chemically induced ectropodia in the Lacerta viridis embryo and formation of
      styliform limbs in reptiles].
AB  - Administered into the eggs of Lacerta virifis on days 10 and 11 of incubation (at
      25 degrees C), Cytosine-arabinofuranoside induces ectropodia in embryos, with a
      high frequency, which may reach 66%. The resulting styliform limbs display a
      general structure similar to that of the limbs of several species of serpentiform
      Reptilia.

PMID- 6428720
TI  - Prospective payment. An expert looks at the system.

PMID- 6428721
TI  - Expenditures on dental services in Canada, Canadian provinces and territories
      1960-1980.

PMID- 6428722
TI  - The ALARA concept. Population exposures from x rays in dentistry--as low as
      reasonably achievable?

PMID- 6428723
TI  - Coronary venous pressure and flow: effects of vagal stimulation, aortic
      occlusion, and vasodilators.
AB  - Coronary venous pressure and coronary sinus flow in the canine heart were
      compared with intramyocardial, intraventricular, aortic, and coronary artery
      pressures. Stimulation of the thoracic vagus augmented coronary venous pressure,
      mean venous flow per systole, and coronary venous systolic resistance, but
      decreased the mean venous flow. Partial occlusion of the aorta augmented coronary
      venous pressure and coronary venous flow, while systolic coronary venous
      resistance remained unchanged. Adenosine increased peripheral and central
      coronary venous pressure and venous flow; it reduced peripheral coronary artery
      pressure. Adenosine augmented flow per systole and reduced venous resistance more
      than the other interventions. Dipyridamole decreased left ventricular, aortic,
      and central coronary artery systolic pressures and systolic venous resistance. It
      increased the venous flow, mean flow per systole, and coronary venous pressure,
      even though intramyocardial pressure remained unchanged. Nitroglycerine elevated
      coronary venous pressure and flow, as well as venous flow per systole, even
      though it decreased left ventricular, aortic, and central coronary artery
      pressures. Nitroglycerine significantly decreased coronary venous resistance. It
      is concluded that coronary venous resistance may be an important resistive
      component to consider when the total coronary circulation is studied.

PMID- 6428724
TI  - Mechanism of action of arachidonic acid in the isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of arachidonic
      acid in the isolated rat heart perfused with Krebs solution at a constant flow.
      Administration of arachidonic acid, 3.3-33 nmol, into the heart caused a small
      transient increase followed by a pronounced decrease in coronary perfusion
      pressure and increased myocardial tension, heart rate, and the output of
      prostaglandins (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha). Administration of
      structurally similar fatty acids, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and 8,14,17
      eicosatrienoic acid, produced vasoconstriction and decreased myocardial tension
      without affecting heart rate or the output of prostaglandins. Infusion of PGI2,
      PGF2 alpha, or PGE2 produced coronary vasodilation and increased myocardial
      tension, whereas PGF2 alpha increased heart rate, an effect which was not
      prevented by propranolol. Indomethacin blocked the effect of arachidonic acid on
      myocardial tension and heart rate, but only reduced the duration of coronary
      vasodilation. The initial component of arachidonic acid induced coronary
      vasodilation which was unaffected by indomethacin and also remained unaltered
      during the infusion of three structurally dissimilar lipoxygenase inhibitors,
      eicosatetraynoic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone.
      Indomethacin did not alter the effects of the exogenously administered
      prostaglandins on perfusion pressure or myocardial tension; however, it blocked
      the effect of PGF2 alpha on heart rate. The effect of arachidonic acid or PGF2
      alpha to increase heart rate was not blocked by thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitors, imidazole, or OKY-1581. We conclude that the cardiac effects of
      arachidonic acid are mediated primarily through its conversion to cyclooxygenase
      products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428725
TI  - Isolation of Ca2+-tolerant myocytes from adult rat heart.
AB  - A procedure for the isolation of myocytes from adult rat hearts is described. It
      is based on successive treatments with Ca2+-free medium, disaggregating enzymes
      (collagenase and hyaluronidase) and mechanical agitation. Several recent
      isolation methods were compared and their best features were combined, together
      with some original modifications. A good yield of high purity myocytes with
      excellent morphological and functional integrity was obtained. The cells are
      tolerant to physiological concentrations of Ca2+. Cellular levels of ATP, Na+,
      and K+ are close to those in intact hearts and glucose oxidation rates and
      succinate exclusion are also close to normal. These characteristics are
      maintained for periods over 1 h.

PMID- 6428726
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interactions of antiepileptic drugs.
AB  - The problem of antiepileptic drug interactions is significant in that many
      epileptic patients are treated with multiple drug therapy. Moreover, patients may
      also be receiving additional medication for other concurrent disorders. Most drug
      interactions are pharmacokinetic, involving changes in absorption, protein
      binding, metabolism, or excretion. As a result, plasma levels of the
      antiepileptic drug may decrease leading to exacerbation of seizures.
      Alternatively, plasma levels may rise resulting in toxic side effects. Similar
      changes may also occur with drugs given for other disorders. In this paper,
      possible mechanisms of drug interactions are discussed. This is followed by a
      description of clinically significant interactions involving phenytoin,
      carbamazepine, barbiturates, valproic acid, benzodiazepines, and succinimides.
      Potentially serious drug interactions may be minimized by using as few
      medications as possible and by regularly monitoring plasma levels of
      antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 6428727
TI  - Good laboratory practice before blood transfusion.

PMID- 6428728
TI  - Cost analysis of the Kozak protocol in the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa.

PMID- 6428729
TI  - Could transplanted microencapsulated islets of Langerhans be the cure for
      diabetes mellitus?

PMID- 6428730
TI  - How to read clinical journals: VII. To understand an economic evaluation (part
      B).

PMID- 6428731
TI  - Hydrothorax, hydromediastinum and pericardial effusion: a complication of
      intravenous alimentation.
AB  - Complications secondary to intravenous alimentation are rare but potentially
      lethal. Massive bilateral pleural effusions and a pericardial effusion developed
      in a patient receiving prolonged intravenous alimentation. Severe respiratory
      distress and renal failure ensued. He recovered with appropriate treatment.

PMID- 6428732
TI  - AIDS in a patient with hemophilia receiving mainly cryoprecipitate.
AB  - A 25-year-old man with hemophilia who had been treated primarily with
      cryoprecipitate presented with epigastric pain and loose, melenic stools. He had
      a long history of malaise and intermittent upper respiratory tract infection with
      fever. The patient was shown to have disseminated histoplasmosis and refractory
      herpes simplex. Immunologic studies demonstrated a markedly decreased ratio of
      helper to suppressor T cells, lymphopenia, cutaneous anergy and a slightly
      elevated serum IgA level. These findings met the criteria for the diagnosis of
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In addition, antibodies to human T-cell
      leukemia virus were detectable in the serum.

PMID- 6428733
TI  - Allergies in breastfed babies to foods ingested by the mother.

PMID- 6428734
TI  - Ovulation induction with pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH).
AB  - Anovulatory infertility has been successfully treated in 7 out of 13 women by
      means of pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy. Women with
      primary or secondary amenorrhoea received a bolus of GnRH (2.1-20 micrograms)
      subcutaneously once every 60, 90 or 120 min around the clock from a programmable,
      battery operated, syringe driver worn under the clothing. Duration of treatment
      varied from 1 week to 8 months (mean 2.5 months); 7 women ovulated and 2
      conceived in the first month of treatment. We conclude that anovulatory women
      with normal prolactin levels, who are refractory to clomiphene with or without
      HCG, and who are unlikely to respond to anything but human pituitary FSH and HCG
      may now be treated with GnRH.

PMID- 6428735
TI  - Post danazol amenorrhoea.
AB  - Four women out of 242 experienced amenorrhoea in excess of 6 months duration
      following danazol treatment. Two of these exhibited an unusual monotropic rise of
      FSH into the post menopausal range for 4-5 months following the end of therapy.
      This was associated with an excessive response to GnRH injection. The mechanism
      of this temporary FSH rise is unknown. A causal association of the amenorrhoea
      and monotropic FSH rise following danazol therapy is unproven but seems likely.

PMID- 6428736
TI  - Multienzymatic analyses of human malignant lymphomas. Correlation of enzymatic
      data with pathologic and ultrastructural findings in Burkitt's and lymphoblastic
      lymphomas.
AB  - Enzyme activity measurements are of great relevance to the classification and
      biochemical characterization of the various types of leukemias, but they have
      been much less studied in solid lymphoid tumors. The authors report
      investigations in human lymphomas. The levels of the following enzymes were
      determined: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), deoxyribonucleic acid
      polymerase alpha (DP alpha), adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (PNP), thymidine and uridine kinases (TK and UK, respectively), and
      thymidine phosphorylase (ThPh). Moreover, cytochemical investigations were done
      in the group of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), and
      ultrastructural studies were performed in seven of the nine LL of this series.
      These results were obtained: (1) TdT (90 cases) was highly specific for LL; eight
      of nine LL were positive, and all other histologic types were negative; the only
      TdT-, acid esterase (AcE) positive, nonconvoluted LL was probably related to TdT-
      normal medullary thymocytes, and had an unfavorable clinical course with
      resistance to a vincristine-and-prednisone-including treatment; (2) ADA (61
      cases) could distinguish clearly between the high levels of LL and the low levels
      found in any other group of lymphomas; among LL, the highest values were found in
      T-cell-derived neoplasias, and the lowest value in a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
      positive, acid phosphatase negative case that showed the presence of large
      nucleoli at the ultrastructural analysis, a finding that is unusual for LL and
      possibly related to a more immature differentiation stage; (3) PNP (39 cases)
      values alone were not clinically relevant, but together with ADA levels, a subset
      of T-LL with high ADA:PNP ratio could be selected among LL; (4) DP alpha (61
      cases), and TK and UK (37 cases) were found in concentrations reflecting the
      malignancy of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and were more elevated in the high
      grade malignant lymphomas; (5) ThPh (34 cases) was always elevated in Hodgkin's
      disease, but low in Burkitt's lymphoma and LL; thus, they had a high TK:ThPh
      ratio that could be useful in predicting clinical response to thymidine
      treatment. The authors think that taken together, multiple enzyme determinations
      could be useful in the characterization of human lymphomas.

PMID- 6428737
TI  - Inhibition of normal rat macrophage functions by soluble tumor products. Effect
      of systemic treatment with bacterial immunomodulators.
AB  - The phagocytic and chemotactic activities of normal rat peritoneal macrophages
      were inhibited by sera from tumor-bearing rats (TBR) and 3 M KCl extracts of
      tumor mass. However, sera from Corynebacterium parvum- or Listeria monocytogenes
      treated TBR did not inhibit phagocytosis. On the other hand, sera from C. parvum
      treated, but not from L. monocytogenes-treated TBR still inhibited the
      chemotactic response of the normal macrophages. Furthermore, 3 M KCl extracts of
      tumors from C. parvum-treated TBR did not inhibit phagocytosis and chemotactic
      response of the same cells. Similar results were obtained with extracts of tumor
      masses from L. monocytogenes-treated rats. It is suggested that treatment with
      bacterial immunomodulators can influence the release from neoplastic cells of
      soluble products influencing normal macrophage functions.

PMID- 6428738
TI  - Predictive testing with the subrenal capsule assay.
AB  - Measurement of drug activity as an oncolytic effect, use of the control only to
      monitor the quality of tissue implanted, and the rapid clearance of necrotic
      tissue from the subcapsular site, as significant factors incorporated into the
      design of the assay, have permitted use of a simple tumor size parameter for
      evaluating drug activity. The simplicity and economy of such a parameter, the
      predictability and reproducibility of the 6-day assay observed thus far, and
      evidence that the assay does measure a biological property of the tumor apart
      from host response, have warranted the continued use of the 6-day time frame and
      the normal immunocompetent CDF1 mouse as xenograft host. These studies have
      demonstrated the feasibility of using human tumor explants obtained from a
      variety of solid human malignancies in a straightforward, short term, in vivo
      predictive assay system. Preliminary correlations between in vivo (assay) tumor
      sensitivity and clinical response have given reasonable concurrence. This crucial
      point will require further study, with larger numbers of patients, under more
      rigid conditions. Final validation of this, and other, predictive assays will
      require a prospective, randomized study in large numbers of patients. Our present
      prospective study is being continued, therefore, with expansion to a multi
      institutional design over a broader geographic area.

PMID- 6428739
TI  - Drug resistance of hypoxic tumour cells in vitro.

PMID- 6428740
TI  - Distribution of myocardial blood flow and capillary diffusion capacity across the
      canine heart wall.
AB  - Myocardial capillary permeability was determined in 20 dogs by applying a new
      method which resembles the tissue-uptake technique. The method consisted of a
      bolus injection of 51Cr-EDTA into the left atrium, determination of the average
      arterial tracer concentration and subsequent assay of myocardial tissue activity
      10, 20 and 30 s after injection. Under the fundamental assumption of no back
      diffusion of tracer to capillary blood, uptake of 51Cr-EDTA into myocardium
      allowed calculation of the transfer constant, Kin, independent of blood flow.
      Regional plasma flow, fpl, was simultaneously determined from tissue content and
      average arterial concentration of radioactive microspheres and haematocrit. From
      estimates of Kin and fpl the fractional extraction, E, of 51Cr-EDTA was
      calculated as E = Kin/fpl. The capillary permeability-surface area product, PS,
      was calculated as PS = -fpl X k X 1n (1 - E). Constant fractional extraction of
      51Cr-EDTA indicates that the method can be employed 10 to 20 s after injection
      without risk of back-diffusion. From tissue samples taken from subendocardial and
      subepicardial layers of the left and right ventricular walls and from left and
      right side parts of the septal region we measured similar PS values. Letting
      capillary surface area, S, equal 500 cm2 X -1 the permeability coefficient for
      51Cr-EDTA was 1.39 X 10(-5) cm X s-1.

PMID- 6428741
TI  - Long-term protection of ischaemic myocardium by nitroglycerin ointment.
AB  - To assess whether the reduction in ischaemic injury during acute myocardial
      infarction induced by nitroglycerin (NTG) results in a decrease in tissue
      necrosis, 96 rats were assigned to two groups. The first group (n = 34) was sham
      operated. The second group of 62 rats was randomised in a ratio of 2:1 into
      control (n = 43) and treated (n = 19) subgroups following coronary artery
      occlusion. Treated animals received an application of 2% NTG ointment every 8 h
      immediately post-occlusion. All rats were killed 48 h after coronary artery
      occlusion and total creatine kinase activity (CK) of the left ventricle (LV) was
      measured. Infarct size calculated by CK depletion was 65.2 +/- 14.3% (mean +/-
      SD) of LV in control rats, and 51.6 +/- 14.0% of LV in NTG-treated (p less than
      0.02). In a further series of 46 rats with coronary occlusion, the area of
      infarcted myocardium 21 days post-occlusion was assessed by planimetry on
      histological sections. In rats with control occlusion (n = 22), the extent of
      infarction was 30.6 +/- 4.8% of LV, and in NTG-treated rats (n = 24) it was 16.2
      +/- 5.8% of LV (p less than 0.001). The amount of scar tissue in the infarcted
      myocardium 21 days post-occlusion was also determined by measuring LV
      hydroxyproline and collagen content in an additional 32 rats randomly assigned to
      a control (n = 11), a NTG-treated (n = 9) and a sham-operated group (n =
      12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428742
TI  - [Quantitative determination of C-reactive protein using a precipitation
      reaction].

PMID- 6428743
TI  - Ovarian sympathectomy in the guinea pig. I. Effects on follicular development
      during the estrous cycle.
AB  - The influence of ovarian adrenergic nerves on follicular growth during the
      estrous cycle in the adult guinea pig was ascertained by comparing follicular
      development in control and chemically sympathectomized ovaries from the same
      animal. Selective ovarian sympathectomy was achieved by injecting 6
      hydroxydopamine into a surgically closed periovarian membranous sac (bursa) on
      day 2 of the cycle (day 1 = day of estrus). The contralateral surgically closed
      ovarian bursa was injected with solvent used for 6-hydroxydopamine. Animals were
      laparotomized on days 5, 10 and 14 of the cycle. Blood from the utero-ovarian
      vein was collected bilaterally for measurement of progesterone and
      androstenedione. The ovaries were processed for histologic examination, and the
      number of follicles in each ovary was analyzed morphometrically. Sympathectomy on
      day 2 caused a decrease in healthy preovulatory follicles (greater than 700
      micron diameter) on day 10 of the cycle. There were no differences in ovarian
      weights or the total number of follicles per ovary at this time. On days 5 and 14
      of the cycle, there were no differences in ovarian weights, total number of
      follicles per ovary or follicles in any size classification. Sympathectomy did
      not alter progesterone levels in the utero- ovarian vein as compared to
      contralateral control levels. From control ovaries, there was a significant
      increase in progesterone in the blood of the utero-ovarian vein on day 10 but
      venous levels of progesterone from sympathectomized ovaries were not
      significantly different at any day of the cycle. In the venous effluent from
      sympathectomized ovaries, androstenedione was elevated at day 5 compared to days
      10 and 14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428744
TI  - Studies on chromatin organization in a nucleolus without fibrillar centres.
      Presence of a sub-nucleolar structure in KCo cells of Drosophila.
AB  - In embryonic cell-line derivative KCo of Drosophila melanogaster, the nucleolus,
      like most nucleoli, contains a small proportion of ribosomal DNA (1-2% of the
      total nucleolar DNA). The ribosomal DNA is virtually the only active gene set in
      the nucleolus and is found among long stretches of inactive supercoiled
      heterochromatic segments. We have demonstrated by use of a Feulgen-like ammine
      osmium staining procedure that, depending on the state of growth, more or less
      fibres of decondensed DNA emanating from the intra-nucleolar chromatin (which is
      in continuity with the nucleolus-associated chromatin) ramify and unravel within
      the central nucleolar core to be transcribed. The nucleolus expands or contracts
      with the variation of activity and could belong to a supramolecular matricial
      structure such as is shown after extraction of the nuclei. After a long period of
      exposure to high doses of actinomycin D, the central nucleolar core became an
      homogeneous fibrous structure that could be interpreted as an aggregate of
      protein skeletal elements. The mechanism of repression and derepression of the
      nucleolar chromatin could thus be explained by a mechanism involving in part a
      sub-nucleolar structure. We propose a schematic organization of the nucleolar
      chromatin in KCo cells of Drosophila and discuss it in relation with other
      nucleolar organizations.

PMID- 6428745
TI  - The development of adipocytes in primary stromal-vascular culture of fetal pig
      adipose tissue.
AB  - Primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells of adipose tissue from fetuses at 70
      and 110 days of gestation were evaluated as potential model systems for studies
      of fetal adipocyte differentiation and proliferation. In the cultures, fat cells
      developed as very discrete clusters. Fat cell cluster development was dependent
      on initial cell density and time. Histochemical analysis for NADP-dependent
      dehydrogenases revealed an age of donor effect. Similar levels of enzymes (malate
      and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were apparent in fat cell clusters and
      stromal cells in cultures of cells from fetuses at 70 days of gestation. These
      enzymes were only present in fat cell clusters in cultures of cells from fetuses
      at 110 days of gestation. The distribution of histochemically detectable esterase
      activity was dependent on the cell density at time of analysis. In areas of high
      cell density, esterase was restricted to fat cell clusters whereas, both stromal
      cells and fat cells were esterase reactive in areas of low cell density. Omitting
      PMS from the dehydrogenase media revealed differences in enzyme reactions of
      cells grown on collagen-coated and uncoated glass surfaces. These studies
      demonstrate that primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells from 110-day-old
      fetuses would be a useful system to identify factors involved in adipocyte
      proliferation and differentiation.

PMID- 6428746
TI  - Calcium control of glycogen synthase activities in mouse diaphragms, rat
      adipocytes and rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The following article provides evidence that cellular calcium controls the
      activity of glycogen synthase in all three major glycogen storage tissues;
      muscle, fat, and liver. Depletion of cellular calcium resulted in a moderate
      increase of glycogen synthase %I activities in intact mouse diaphragms, in
      isolated rat adipocytes, and in rat hepatocytes. The increase in %I activity of
      glycogen synthase was more pronounced when the uridine di-phosphoglucose
      concentration in the glycogen synthase assay was lowered from 4.4 mM to 0.2 mM.
      Calcium depletion resulted in an approximately two-fold decrease in the Ka values
      for glucose-6-phosphate in all three tissues. The activities of glycogen synthase
      also correlated well with the content of cell-associated calcium in rat
      hepatocytes. The glucose-6-phosphate independent activities of glycogen synthase
      in extracts of calcium-replete and calcium-depleted tissue approached the same
      value following the exposure to crude phosphoprotein phosphatase. The activities
      of glycogen phosphorylase decreased in calcium-depleted tissues and cells.
      Insulin stimulated the activity of glycogen synthase in muscle and fat in the
      absence of added sugar and in the absence of extracellular calcium. It is
      concluded that glycogen synthase is under the control of calcium in the three
      main glycogen storage tissues. The actions of calcium are probably mediated
      through the actions of calcium-sensitive protein kinase(s).

PMID- 6428747
TI  - Dual effects of manganese on prolactin secretion.
AB  - The effect of Mn2+ (a commonly used Ca2+ antagonist) on prolactin secretion from
      pituitary cells was investigated. In the presence of normal extracellular Ca2+
      levels (2.5mM), Mn2+ inhibited basal, TRH- and K+- stimulated prolactin
      secretion. The Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, partially overcame the inhibitory effect
      of Mn2+. However, in the presence of low extracellular Ca2+ (less than 100
      microM), which decreased basal prolactin secretion and abolished any stimulatory
      effects of TRH or K+, a paradoxical stimulatory effect was observed with Mn2+ in
      the presence of A23187. In the presence of Ca2+, Mn2+ appeared to be inhibitory
      due to its Ca2+ antagonistic effects, but at low Ca2+ levels, intracellular
      stimulatory effects of Mn2+ became apparent.

PMID- 6428748
TI  - Selective immunocytochemical detection of fluorescent analogs with antibodies
      specific for the fluorophore.
AB  - Fluorescent analogs of cellular components are finding increasing use in the
      field of cell biology. The power of this technique can be augmented by the use of
      antibodies specific for the fluorophore to visualize selectively the fluorescent
      analog at the electron microscope level. Rabbit antibodies specific for
      fluorescein were elicited and purified according to published methods (Lopatin
      and Voss [1971]: Biochemistry 10:208). Immune sera and IgG formed precipitin
      lines with fluorescein-labeled proteins in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion assays,
      and significantly significantly quenched the fluorescence of fluorescein-labeled
      proteins. Immune IgG and Fab fragments decorated fluorescein-labeled actin, but
      not unlabeled actin, in negative-stained preparations. Anti-fluorescein IgG was
      used for immunofluorescent localization of fluorescein-labeled actin following
      microinjection of the fluorescent analog into living cells. This approach was
      extended to the immunoelectron microscopic localization of the injected analog at
      the subcellular level by the use of an electron-dense marker coupled to goat anti
      rabbit IgG. Many other fluorescent probes also can be used as haptens for
      production of antibodies. Therefore, a general method for localizing
      fluorescently labeled molecules at the electron microscopic level is now
      available. Several other applications of anti-fluorescein antibody in studies
      involving fluorescent analogs are also suggested.

PMID- 6428749
TI  - Metoprolol and propranolol in the prophylactic treatment of classical and common
      migraine. A double-blind study.
AB  - In a double-blind, cross-over study the effect and tolerance of the non-selective
      beta-blocker propranolol in a dosage of 80 mg twice daily was compared to that of
      the beta 1-selective beta-blocker metoprolol 200 mg once daily in Durules (a
      controlled-release formulation). The attack frequency, migraine days, severity
      score, consumption of acute medication and subjective evaluation were the main
      parameters used for evaluation. Thirty-six patients with classical or common
      migraine were included. Thirty-three completed the investigation. It is concluded
      from the results that there are no differences in efficacy between metoprolol and
      propranolol regarding the studied parameters. Both drugs reduced the migraine
      symptoms compared to the run-in period and were generally well tolerated.

PMID- 6428750
TI  - The production of immunoregulatory factors by a human macrophage-like cell line.
      III. The relationship between the lymphoid-specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis
      and gamma-interferon.
AB  - Mitogenic stimulation of sublines of the human histiocytic lymphoma, U937,
      results in the production of an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation (IDS-U937).
      The relationship of IDS-U937 to alpha- and gamma-interferon was examined by
      several techniques: (1) the antiviral activity of the IDS preparations was
      determined, (2) the effects of antibodies to interferon on IDS activities, and
      (3) the comparison of the antiproliferative activities of gamma-IFN and IDS. The
      relationship of IDS to other macrophage derived inhibitors is also discussed with
      respect to target cell specificities and modes of action.

PMID- 6428751
TI  - Expression of the differentiation antigen of activated T and B lymphocytes (ACA
      1) on cells of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tumors.
AB  - In cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence tests an antiserum to ACA-1
      (activated cell antigen) reacted with 58-100% of actively proliferating cells
      from tumors of lymphoid (EL-4 T lymphoma, MOPC 104E plasmacytoma) and nonlymphoid
      origin (AH-22 hepatoma, Sa-1 and MCh-11 sarcomas, F2 mammary cancer). Absorption
      of anti-ACA-1 serum with tumor cells sharply reduced its activity both against
      the cells of all these neoplasms and against normal activated T and B
      lymphocytes. Absorption with proliferating murine cells from the brain of embryos
      and the retina of neonates or with similar (nonproliferating) cells from adult
      mice did not affect the activity of the antiserum. It is concluded that ACA-1 is
      expressed on actively proliferating cells of the tumors studied.

PMID- 6428752
TI  - The mechanism of inhibition and "reversal" of mitogen-induced lymphocyte
      activation in a model of purine-nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.
AB  - Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is a purine degradative enzyme that
      catalyzes the phosphorolysis of (deoxy) inosine or (deoxy) guanosine to their
      respective bases and (deoxy) ribose 1-phosphate. A severe T-cell immune
      deficiency syndrome with hypouricemia is associated with impaired PNP function.
      To study the biochemical basis for this syndrome we created an in vitro model of
      PNP deficiency in mitogen (phytohemagglutinin)-stimulated normal human peripheral
      blood lymphocytes using guanosine to competitively inhibit deoxyguanosine
      phosphorolysis. Guanosine-induced guanine toxicity was reversed by adenine. Under
      these conditions, deoxyguanosine (5-45 microM) diminished mitogen stimulation to
      30% of control while increasing the deoxyguanosine triphosphate pool (dGTP) by
      over 20-fold. Deoxycytidine reversed deoxyguanosine toxicity with a diminution of
      dGTP accumulation, but no significant change in the deoxycytidine triphosphate
      pool. Thymidine reversed the deoxyguanosine toxicity, repleted the thymidine
      triphosphate (dTTP) pool, and caused an even further increase in the accumulation
      of dGTP. These data support a model of lymphotoxicity in PNP deficiency based on
      dGTP accumulation with inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and depletion of
      the thymidine triphosphate pool. Thymidine triphosphate depletion is reversed by
      either deoxycytidine or thymidine; however, the former diminishes dGTP
      accumulation (probably by competition for phosphorylation) and the latter
      potentiates dGTP accumulation (probably through feedback augmentation of
      guanosine diphosphate (GDP) reduction by ribonucleotide reductase secondary to an
      increased dTTP pool).

PMID- 6428753
TI  - Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of human and mouse mononuclear cells against
      Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes.
AB  - Human peripheral mononuclear cells were cytotoxic to antibody-sensitized
      Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. The cytotoxic effect depended on the
      concentration of effector cells and antiserum, and was progressive until 17 hr of
      incubation at 28 degrees C. After 3 hr of incubation the highest specific
      activity was achieved at a 50:1 effector to target cell ratio. A nonspecific
      cytotoxic effect in the absence of antiserum was observed at a 100:1 parasite to
      cell ratio or after 17 hr of incubation. When the human mononuclear cell
      population was depleted of adherent cells by Sephadex G-10 filtration or
      adsorption to glass, the cytotoxic effect was greatly reduced. Similar results
      were obtained using mouse spleen cells, indicating that only the adherent cells
      were cytotoxic to sensitized T. cruzi in both systems. When human mononuclear
      cells were incubated with amobarbital, cyanide, azide, or aminotriazole, an
      inhibition of cytotoxicity against sensitized T. cruzi was observed, suggesting
      that oxygen reduction products and myeloperoxidase were involved in the
      destruction of sensitized T. cruzi epimastigotes by normal human mononuclear
      cells.

PMID- 6428754
TI  - Protein kinases derived from the conditioned media of human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells.
AB  - Two classes of cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase from the conditioned
      media of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected. The first one
      was specific for histone, and was not retained by the remazol blue-agarose
      column. The second one was specific for casein and phosvitin, and was retained by
      the remazol blue-agarose column. Histone kinase activity was elevated in Con A
      conditioned media. These peripheral blood mononuclear cells were subsequently
      fractionated into adherent and nonadherent cell populations. It was clear that
      histone kinase was secreted by adherent cells while casein and phosvitin kinases
      were secreted by nonadherent cells.

PMID- 6428755
TI  - Natural killer cell defects resulting from thermal injury.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBL) from thermal injury patients were
      examined for their ability to mediate spontaneous (NK) cytotoxic activity against
      K562 tumor cells. NK cell numbers were quantitated in burn patients using the
      fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody Leu-7 and an Ortho cell
      sorter. NK activity of burn patients was only 30% of control levels. Thus, at a
      50:1 effector:target cell ratio, burn patients' PBL gave a mean of 18% killing as
      compared to 60% killing mediated by control PBL (14 individuals). Pretreatment of
      PBL with interferon-gamma or interferon-alpha enhanced NK activity of normal PBL
      but had no effect on the NK activity of PBL from burn patients. The number of
      cells bearing antigen recognized by Leu-7 was variable in burn patients, with
      some patients having decreased (less than 5%), normal (8-10%), or elevated (20
      40%) numbers of Leu-7 bearing PBL. No differences were observed in the total
      numbers of PBL in burn patients when compared to control individuals. These
      results indicate that NK activity does not correlate with the percentage of Leu-7
      bearing cells present in PBL and that the inability of thermal injury patients to
      mediate normal NK function may contribute to their susceptibilities to viral
      infections.

PMID- 6428756
TI  - Local production of Ia-inducing activity in experimental immunogenic uveitis.
AB  - The production of soluble lymphokine products of T lymphocytes was studied in the
      aqueous of rabbits with uveitis induced by intravitreal injection of 2.0 mg of
      ovalbumin. Aqueous from uveitic eyes demonstrated Ia-inducing activity at a
      dilution of 1:50 which diluted out at 1:250. The control aqueous and sera from
      normal or uveitic animals were negative. While production of interleukin 2(IL-2)
      in uveitic eyes could not be demonstrated in vitro, control rabbit concanavalin A
      induced supernatants of nylon-wool-purified T cells contained both Ia-inducing
      and IL-2 activity. These data demonstrate antigen-driven production of a
      lymphokine activity in the aqueous of the uveitic eye. Local production of
      lymphokine may be a potent mechanism for amplification of the inflammatory
      process in uveitis.

PMID- 6428757
TI  - Microtubules during formation of the micropylar canal in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The micropylar apparatus in Drosophila melanogaster contains a 0,8 micron wide
      canal through which sperm entry occurs. During oogenesis the canal is formed by
      deposition of extracellular material (chorion) around long cellular processes
      filled with microtubules.

PMID- 6428758
TI  - Relationships between DNA synthesis and mitotic events in fertilized sea urchin
      eggs: aphidicolin inhibits DNA synthesis, nuclear breakdown and proliferation of
      microtubule organizing centers, but not cycles of microtubule assembly.
AB  - The synthesis of DNA in fertilized eggs of the American Gulf Coast sea urchin
      Lytechinus variegatus is 90% inhibited in the presence of 5.0 micrograms/ml
      aphidicolin. This inhibition may be imposed immediately upon addition of
      aphidicolin to the external medium when embryos are in "S" phase. Observations of
      living embryos with Nomarski optics and time-lapse video microscopy reveal that
      when eggs are fertilized and cultured in the continuous presence of aphidicolin,
      nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and cytokinesis are
      inhibited. All other post-fertilization events observable with this technique,
      including the assembly and disassembly of a bipolar spindle, proceed in the
      presence of aphidicolin. Antitubulin immunofluorescence microscopy of aphidicolin
      arrested embryos demonstrates that microtubules attempt to assemble a mitotic
      apparatus at the first cell cycle; the arrested intact zygote nucleus is embedded
      within this bipolar structure. Subsequent cycles of microtubule assembly and
      disassembly proceed roughly on schedule with later division cycles, but the
      microtubule organizing centers (MTOC's) are unable to duplicate properly and
      irregular monasters are observed. If aphidicolin is added to embryos after the
      first DNA synthetic period, nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation,
      and cytokinesis proceed for that cycle and the embryos arrest at the two-cell
      stage. These results suggest that the direct inhibitory effects of aphidicolin
      may well be limited to the synthesis of DNA, which itself regulates nuclear
      cycles independently from the subsequent generation of mitotic poles, and that
      cytoplasmic clocks regulate microtubule assembly cycles but not the configuration
      of microtubule arrays.

PMID- 6428759
TI  - Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of aflatoxin dichloride in normal and repair
      deficient diploid human fibroblasts.
AB  - The cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1-dichloride (AFB1-Cl2), a
      direct-acting carcinogen which is a model for the proposed ultimate reactive
      metabolite of AFB1 (the 2,3-epoxide), was compared in normal, repair-proficient,
      diploid human fibroblasts and in complementation Group A xeroderma pigmentosum
      cells (XP12BE) which are virtually incapable of excision repair of DNA damage
      induced by ultraviolet radiation, the 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide of
      benzo[alpha]pyrene, and several reactive aromatic amide derivatives. The XP cells
      were significantly more sensitive than normal to the cytotoxic and mutagenic
      effects of AFB1-Cl2, not only as a function of concentration administered but
      also of the number of AFB1-Cl2 residues initially bound to DNA. Cytotoxicity was
      determined from survival of colony-forming ability; resistance to 6-thioguanine
      was the genetic marker used for mutagenicity. We compared the rate of loss of
      AFB1-Cl2-DNA adducts from cells treated and held in the non-dividing state
      (confluent) over several days, as well as their ability to recover from the
      potentially mutagenic and/or cytotoxic effects of the agent. AFB1-Cl2 residues
      were lost from both strains of cells and both exhibited a gradual increase in
      survival. However, the rate of loss of adducts from the DNA in the normal cells
      was more rapid than in XP cells and they exhibited recovery from higher doses of
      AFB1-Cl2 than XP cells. The major primary DNA adduct formed in the human cells
      and in isolated DNA was a chemically unstable guanine derivative which could
      undergo a change in structure with time posttreatment to form a more stable
      secondary adduct. The cytotoxic effect of AFB1-Cl2 was highly correlated with the
      presence of either of these guanine adducts. Evidence suggests that the primary
      adduct is an N7-guanine adduct. The kinetics of the loss of this guanine and its
      transformation into the more stable secondary adduct resembled that reported
      recently for the major primary DNA adduct formed by the reaction of AFB1 at the N
      7 position of guanine in the DNA of normal and XP cells and its transformation
      into the putative AFB1-ring opened triamino pyrimidyl structure.

PMID- 6428760
TI  - Studies on peptides. CXVIII. Synthesis of a hybrid growth hormone releasing
      factor (GRF)-PHI heptacosapeptide amide.

PMID- 6428761
TI  - Inhibition of aldose reductase by 3',4'-dihydroxyflavones.

PMID- 6428762
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C in non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - The disposition kinetics of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent mitomycin C have
      been studied in six male patients receiving mitomycin C in combination with
      cisplatin and vinblastine for non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Following rapid
      IV administration of mitomycin C (10 mg/m2), serum concentration-time course data
      were biexponential, with biologic half-lives of 46.2 +/- 12.1 min (mean +/- SD).
      Pharmacokinetic analysis of data by the CSTRIP and NONLIN digital computer
      programs generated parameters which suggested extensive distribution (V area =
      656.8 +/- 169.8 ml X kg-1, mean +/- SD) and, as reported for other alkylating
      agents, rapid elimination (total body clearance = 10.3 +/- 3.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1,
      mean +/- SD). Interpatient variations in pharmacokinetic parameters were
      relatively small, suggesting that close monitoring of mitomycin C therapy might
      be unnecessary in patients with normal renal and hepatic function.

PMID- 6428763
TI  - Effects of the diuretics mannitol or acetazolamide on nephrotoxicity and
      physiological disposition of cisplatin in rats.
AB  - The anticancer drug cisplatin has been known to produce severe renal lesions
      characterized by high levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), toxic nephrosis, and
      platinum (Pt) retention in the kidney. The effect of IV pretreatment with
      acetazolamide (ACZ) 30 min before or mannitol (MAN) immediately prior to IP
      administration of 5 mg/kg cisplatin on Pt excretion, tissue distribution, and
      nephrotoxicity was investigated in male F344 rats. ACZ pretreatment reduced the
      cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, as indicated by only a slight elevation of BUN,
      a milder histopathologic lesion, and a more rapid recovery of renal function and
      structure. Although MAN-pretreated animals exhibited similar changes in BUN to
      ACZ-pretreated animals, the renal damage was similar to that seen in animals
      treated with cisplatin alone. A reduction of kidney Pt content was observed with
      both diuretics, although there was significantly less retention after ACZ
      pretreatment. The diuretic ACZ was more effective than MAN in reducing the renal
      lesions induced by cisplatin and it might be clinically useful in preventing
      cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6428764
TI  - A re-appraisal of the BHK 21 clone-13 cell transformation system with respect to
      the assay conditions and the mutational origin of the transformed phenotype.
AB  - Two BHK 21/13 cell lines (BHK-ICI and BHK-A3) were used for studies on cell
      transformation. The BHK-ICI cells formed micro-colonies in agar while the BHK-A3
      cells did not. The size distribution of colonies in agar derived from BHK-ICI
      cells was homogeneous and did not permit a distinction between untransformed
      micro-colonies and transformed macro-colonies. Moreover, the transformation
      frequency in BHK-ICI cells was influenced substantially by cell density, as
      densities greater than 500 cells/ml reduced the observed transformation
      frequency, whereas no reduction in transformation frequency was observed for BHK
      A3 cells for densities up to 10(4) cells/ml. Therefore, we recommend the use of a
      BHK cell line that does not form micro-colonies for the transformation assay. In
      contrast with published data, obtained at high cell density with BHK cells that
      form micro-colonies, induction of cell transformation in BHK-A3 cells by
      treatment with 4NQO did not behave as a mutational trait. (i) Continuous
      treatment did not lead to a steady increase in transformation frequency but to a
      reduction in transformation frequency after the second day of exposure. (ii) A
      continuous treatment up to 24 h proved to be about five times more effective in
      inducing cell transformation than a one hour acute treatment. The results support
      the suitability of the BHK cells as an assay for cell transformation if the
      adverse effects of cell density are met and the formation of micro-colonies is
      prevented. The use of BHK-A3 cells at a density of 10(4)/ml fulfills these
      requirements.

PMID- 6428765
TI  - Comparative kinetic studies on aflatoxin B1-DNA binding and aflatoxin B1
      glutathione conjugation with rat and hamster livers in vitro.
AB  - Inhibition of microsome mediated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding to exogenous or
      endogenous DNA by cytosolic glutathione (GSH) S-transferases is well established
      from our earlier studies. Correlation between inhibition of AFB1-DNA binding and
      AFB1-GSH conjugation in vitro using rat and hamster liver subcellular fractions
      is elucidated in this report. Even though hamster liver microsomes catalyzed AFB1
      binding to exogenous DNA three times as much as the rat, hamster cytosol
      inhibited AFB1-DNA binding catalyzed by either microsomes severalfold more than
      the rat cytosol. AFB1-DNA binding is found to be inversely related to AFB1-GSH
      conjugation at all AFB1 concentrations (2-100 microM) studied. Presence of either
      styrene oxide or 3,3,3-trichloropropene oxide at 1 mM level diminished AFB1-GSH
      formation in vitro confirming some competition by these epoxides with AFB1
      epoxide for cytosolic GSH S-transferases. In a reconstituted system with
      endogenous DNA, the ratio of AFB1-GSH to AFB1-DNA binding was found to be 10-15
      times higher with the hamster in comparison with the rat indicating enhanced
      inactivation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite in the hamster. These
      results are discussed in relation to AFB1-DNA binding and AFB1
      hepatocarcinogenicity in resistant and sensitive species.

PMID- 6428766
TI  - Effect of glutathione levels, sulfate levels, and metabolic inhibitors on
      covalent binding of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2
      acetylaminofluorene to cell macromolecules in primary monolayer cultures of adult
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The covalent binding of radiolabeled 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)
      and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to cell macromolecules was studied using primary
      monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. A time course for covalent binding
      was determined, and revealed similar levels of binding for both chemicals.
      Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by L-buthionine sulfoximine (1 mM) enhanced
      binding of both AAF and IQ with a greater increase observed for IQ. Addition of
      excess glutathione (10 mM) to the medium resulted in a slight decrease in IQ but
      not AAF binding. Addition of the P-450 inhibitor, 2-[2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl)
      phenoxy]ethylamine (DPEA, 0.1 mM), resulted in almost total (94%) inhibition of
      IQ binding, with a lesser effect (42%) on AAF. Methimazole (1 mM), a competitive
      substrate of the flavin-containing monooxygenase, had no effect on the binding of
      either compound. Pentachlorophenol, an inhibitor of sulfate conjugation,
      decreased AAF binding substantially but produced a much smaller decrease in IQ
      binding. Addition of excess sulfate did not change the binding levels of either
      IQ or AAF. Cell density had little effect on IQ or AAF binding levels.

PMID- 6428767
TI  - Impaired enzymatic methylation of BPDE-modified DNA.
AB  - Highly purified DNA methyltransferase from human placenta methylates
      hemimethylated and 5-methylcytosine-free DNA substrates suggesting that one
      enzyme molecule may exercise both, the maintenance and de novo activities.
      Modification of these methyl accepting polymers with (+/-)-r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t
      9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, anti (BPDE) interferes with the
      methylation reaction, and this inhibition is proportional to the degree of BPDE
      modification. This indicates that BPDE - DNA adducts affect both the maintenance
      and the de novo DNA methyltransferase activities. The mechanism responsible for
      such inhibition is related neither to interference of BPDE - DNA adducts with the
      initial binding of the enzyme to DNA nor with the processive mode of action of
      the enzyme on the modified DNA template. More likely, the BPDE - DNA adducts
      inhibit the transmethylation reaction directly at the sites of modification.

PMID- 6428768
TI  - Beta-carotene inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced transformation
      of murine mammary cells in vitro.
AB  - The chemopreventive action of beta-carotene during chemically-induced
      transformation of the epithelial cells in organ culture of the whole mammary
      glands from BALB/c female mice was studied. The mammary epithelial cells in the
      whole mammary organ in a hormone supplemented, serum-free medium were transformed
      after 24 h exposure to 7.8 microM 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) between
      3rd and 4th day of a total 10 day culture period. The transformation process was
      associated with appearance of nodule-like alveolar lesions (NLAL) in glands in
      vitro. The epithelial cells transformed by DMBA are potentially neoplastic, and
      NLAL serves as a morphological marker of preneoplasia in the glands in vitro.
      Treatment with beta-carotene (10(-6) M) during DMBA exposure (3rd-4th day) caused
      68% inhibition in the number of glands with incidence of NLAL. A 49% inhibition
      of NLAL was evident when the glands were incubated with beta-carotene (days 4-10)
      after exposure to DMBA. Results indicate that beta-carotene inhibits DMBA-induced
      transformation of the mammary glands in vitro acting both at the initiation and
      the promotional stages. This inhibitory effect is likely due to the action of
      beta-carotene itself since no accumulation of retinol, the metabolic derivative
      of the vitamin A precursor, was detectable in the mammary glands during the 10
      day culture period.

PMID- 6428769
TI  - Prostaglandin H synthase-dependent co-oxygenation of (+/-)-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8
      dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene in hamster trachea and human bronchus explants.
AB  - The role of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) in the metabolism of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8
      dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) has been examined in short-term explant
      cultures of hamster and human tracheobronchial tissues. Labeled BP-7,8-diol was
      incubated with the explants in the presence and absence of the PHS substrate
      arachidonic acid (20:4) and the PHS inhibitor indomethacin. The addition of 10
      microM to 200 microM 20:4 to incubations of hamster trachea with 5 microM BP-7,8
      diol caused significant increases in the formation of 7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t
      epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[ a]pyrene (anti-BPDE). These increases were not
      seen when 1 microM or 20 microM BP-7,8-diol was employed. The stimulation of anti
      BPDE formation was observed after incubations of from 1 to 48 h. This stimulation
      was inhibited to the basal level by 20 microM indomethacin, supporting the role
      of PHS in the response. No effect of 20:4 was seen on the uptake of BP-7,8-diol
      by the tracheas or on the formation of water-soluble metabolites. Significant
      increases in covalent binding of BP-7,8-diol metabolites to DNA of the tracheal
      epithelium were also elicited by the addition of 20:4, however these increases
      were not well correlated quantitatively with the increases in anti-BPDE
      formation. H.p.l.c. profiles of deoxynucleoside adducts from basal and 20:4
      stimulated incubations were qualitatively identical. Far greater variability of
      metabolism was seen in human bronchus explants, but 20:4-dependent increases in
      anti-BPDE formation could be demonstrated in those tissues as well. Inhibition of
      this stimulation by indomethacin was either absent or incomplete. This variation
      in the effect of indomethacin was explained by the examination of the products of
      20:4 metabolism by the two tissues. Hamster trachea produced almost exclusively
      PHS metabolites whereas human bronchus yielded predominantly products of
      lipoxygenases, enzymes insensitive to indomethacin. In conclusion, this study
      indicates that co-oxygenation of chemical carcinogens can occur in hamster and
      human tracheobronchial tissues. The concentration-dependence observed with BP-7,8
      diol, however, suggests that this pathway is of minor importance in the
      activation of BP in these tissues.

PMID- 6428770
TI  - Striatal dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity reflects susceptibility
      of rats to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor development.
AB  - The relationship between striatal dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase (DAC) and
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors was studied. An
      inverse correlation between activity of this enzyme and the number and growth of
      tumors was observed in several strains and substrains of rats. Chronic, but not
      acute, restraint stress inhibited tumor growth and increased DAC activity. No
      correlation between enzyme activity and the number of tumors was found in the
      stress study. Increased DAC activity appears to protect or inhibit DMBA mammary
      tumor development in rats.

PMID- 6428771
TI  - The effects of organic nitrates on prostacyclin biosynthesis and platelet
      function in humans.
AB  - The results of prior studies indicate that nitroglycerin stimulates prostacyclin
      release by cultured endothelium and by the coronary vasculature in vivo. However,
      the accuracy of these findings in coronary vasculature relies on plasma samples
      obtained from the circulation via cardiac catheters, a procedure we have shown to
      stimulate prostacyclin release, thereby confounding interpretation of drug
      action. We studied the effects of short-acting (nitroglycerin) and long-acting
      (isosorbide dinitrate) nitrates on a noninvasive index of prostacyclin synthesis,
      excretion of urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Nitroglycerin was infused into
      six subjects to either a maximum of 480 micrograms/min or until mean arterial
      pressure fell by 20 mm Hg. Urine was collected for negative ion chemical
      ionization gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric analysis before and during the
      nitroglycerin infusion and for two 2 hr periods after nitroglycerin. The peak
      nitroglycerin infusion rate was 387 +/- 67 micrograms/min, which caused a fall in
      supine blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) of 11 +/- 5/14 +/- 4 mm Hg and a 12 +/
      3 beats/min increase in heart rate. Excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      (pg/mg creatinine) was unchanged from control infusion values (106 +/- 19.5)
      either during (123 +/- 21) or after (134 +/- 14.6; 139 +/- 36) nitroglycerin
      infusion. Platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid (0.33 to 1.33 microM) and
      epinephrine (1 to 10 microM) ex vivo was inhibited in only one subject in whom
      excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was unaltered. Serum thromboxane B2 was
      not changed by nitroglycerin infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428772
TI  - Intestinal permeability in healthy and allergic children before and after sodium
      cromoglycate treatment assessed with different-sized polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400
      and PEG 1000).
AB  - Gastrointestinal permeability was investigated in twenty-two children on two
      occasions, before and after treatment with sodium cromoglycate. The children were
      between 8 and 10 years old; half of them were classified as allergic according to
      history and laboratory tests, and half of them as healthy. The 6-hr urinary
      recovery of different-sized polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1000) in
      combination with a mathematical model was used to assess the intestinal
      permeability barrier. No significant differences were seen in the first PEG test
      between healthy and allergic children, although those with gastrointestinal
      allergy showed a slightly lower, and those with other allergies a slightly higher
      recovery of the smaller PEGs than seen in the healthy individuals. After
      treatment with sodium cromoglycate, however, there was a significant decrease in
      uptake by allergic children, which could indicate that the permeability
      properties had returned to normal. The PEG method offers a simple, harmless and
      reproducible method to measure intestinal permeability properties. The change in
      permeability observed after sodium cromoglycate corresponds well with the
      clinical experience of usefulness of the drug in some children with food allergy.

PMID- 6428773
TI  - Implications of nutritional status on human biochemistry, physiology, and health.
AB  - Optimum nutrition is the level of intake that should promote the highest level of
      health. Although excess caloric intake will lead to obesity, a deficit in
      nutrition may result in a tissue depletion of essential nutrients that can lead
      to biochemical changes and eventually to clinical signs and symptoms. Nutrition
      requirements may differ according to sex, age, activity, or physiological state
      and can be influenced by drugs, smoking, alcohol, and other factors. With ever
      increasing sedentary life styles and less physically demanding jobs, the
      resulting reduced caloric requirements have made it more difficult to make
      nutritionally sound food choices. Nutrition is the single most important
      component of preventive health care. Diet has been associated with cancer, heart
      disease, diabetes, stroke and hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cirrhosis of
      the liver. The ability of the human to respond to stresses, such as altitude,
      heat, trauma, surgery, and infection can be influenced by nutritional status.
      Nutritional status is reflected in a variety of metabolic processes that provide
      the basis for a number of methods for its assessment.

PMID- 6428774
TI  - Folate. Its metabolism and utilization.

PMID- 6428775
TI  - Progress in coronary artery disease risk-factor research: what remains to be
      done?

PMID- 6428776
TI  - Ligand displacement immunoassay: a novel enzyme immunoassay demonstrated for
      measuring theophylline in serum.
AB  - We describe a ligand displacement immunoassay for measurement of theophylline in
      serum or plasma and show it to be clinically useful. A conjugate of theophylline
      specific antiserum covalently bound to micro-crystalline cellulose and a beta
      galactosidase-labeled theophylline derivative is prepared as a lyophilized
      reagent. Sample is added to the conjugate and, after 5-min incubation at room
      temperature, the bound and displaced enzyme-ligand are separated by brief
      centrifugation. The enzyme activity of the displaced enzyme-ligand is measured on
      a spectrophotometer or centrifugal analyzer. Linear calibration curves are
      obtained with appropriate sample dilution, allowing generation of the standard
      curve with a saline zero reference and a single calibrator. Performance of the
      assay compares favorably with that of other theophylline assays; comparison
      studies with use of 145 clinical specimens gave a coefficient of correlation with
      EMIT of 0.97.

PMID- 6428777
TI  - Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia: a study of four probands and the
      kindred of three.
AB  - We investigated four probands, and the kindred of three, with familial
      dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia, using the one- and two-step tests for free
      thyroxin and other thyroid-function tests. The results indicate that this is an
      autosomal dominant trait. The discovery of eight cases in our patient population,
      which represents about 4% of our hyperthyroxinemic patients (8/320), during eight
      months indicates that this aberration is more common than suspected. Its
      importance lies in the misinterpretation of test results and the consequent
      inappropriate treatment for thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6428778
TI  - A new monoclonal-antibody two-site solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for human
      thyrotropin evaluated.
AB  - We compared results with a commercial solid-phase two-site immunoradiometric
      assay kit for human thyrotropin in which monoclonal antibodies are used (TANDEM-R
      TSH; Hybritech Inc.) with those by our radioimmunoassay (J Clin Endocrinol Metab
      41:676, 1975), which is optimized for measurement of low concentrations of
      thyrotropin. In the immunoradiometric assay a specific antibody to the beta
      subunit of human thyrotropin is immobilized on a polystyrene bead, and a
      radiolabeled monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha subunit provides a
      measure of bead-immobilized hormone. The mean thyrotropin concentrations in 70
      euthyroid serum samples were similar in the two assays. Values for hypothyroid
      patients were clearly higher in both assays than values for euthyroid
      individuals. In commercial assays the major source of error in measurement of
      thyrotropin response to thyroliberin in terms of the increment over the basal
      concentration of thyrotropin has been systematic errors in the measurement of
      those basal concentrations. With the present assay, however, basal values are
      obtained with good precision and accuracy: CV = 2.9% at 6 milli-int. units/L (n =
      48).

PMID- 6428779
TI  - Carboxyhemoglobin and oxygen affinity of human blood.
AB  - We determined normal human blood p50 at various pH values (range 7.0 to 7.6) as a
      function of the proportion of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in total hemoglobin, from
      0 to 23%. The d(log p50)/d[COHb] coefficient is 0.00848, independent of pH and
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The derived equation allows the calculation of p50 as a
      function of COHb with an approximation of +/- 0.54 mmHg (about 72 Pa), and can be
      combined with other calculations (Clin Chem 27:1856-1861, 1981; Clin Chem 29:110
      114, 1983) to predict p50 under any condition of pH within the range 7.0-7.6,
      ratio of [2,3-diphosphoglycerate] to [total hemoglobin] (range 0.3-2.5), pCO2
      (range 20-90 mmHg), temperature (range 19-43 degrees C), and COHb (range 0-23%).

PMID- 6428780
TI  - Raising monospecific antibodies by use of protein components prestained with
      Remazol Brilliant Blue and separated by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide
      gel.
AB  - We have reported (Clin Chem 29: 42-44, 1983) that prestaining with Remazol
      Brilliant Blue permits direct visualization of serum components on disc
      electrophoresis, and apparently purifies the proteins well. Here we have cut out
      the bands corresponding to the prestained albumin and transferrin after disc
      electrophoresis of normal human serum proteins, eluted some individual proteins
      into saline, and assessed their purity by immunoelectrophoresis and two
      dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis against polyvalent antihuman serum.
      These two techniques indicated purity of these antigens. We inoculated rabbits
      with the eluates containing the pure antigens, and tested the resulting
      antibodies for monospecificity by immunoelectrophoresis, rocket electrophoresis,
      and single radial immunodiffusion. From the results we conclude that the
      antibodies raised against each component were monospecific, and that this is a
      simple, economical, rapid, and reliable method for obtaining a pure fraction of
      serum protein for use as an antigen.

PMID- 6428781
TI  - Immunonephelometric measurement of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II by consecutive
      addition of the two antisera to a single specimen.

PMID- 6428782
TI  - Determination of glucitollysine for the quantitation of non-enzymatic
      glucosylation by ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A specific and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of the stable,
      reduced glucose-lysine adduct, glucitollysine (GL), in plasma protein samples is
      described. The method uses standard amino acid ion exchange chromatography
      followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography after
      derivatisation of GL to a fluorescent product. Moreover, GL was characterised and
      identified in plasma samples by means of mass spectroscopy. GL measured in plasma
      samples of eleven type I diabetics and two healthy controls showed a significant
      linear correlation to concomitantly determined haemoglobin AI and glucosylated
      plasma proteins, but did not correlate with plasma glucose levels. This method
      allows the estimation of non-enzymatic glucosylation in biological samples with a
      high degree of specificity and sensitivity down to the low nanogram range.

PMID- 6428783
TI  - Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment and the development of renal hypertension in
      the rat.
AB  - The onset and development of 2 kidney-2 clip renal hypertension was studied in
      chronically sympathectomized rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      immediately after birth and with adrenal demedullation performed at the time of
      clipping. Blood pressure (BP) was lower in 6-OHDA treated animals than in
      untreated controls and the rate of hypertension development was similar in both
      groups. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) was significantly decreased
      during the 15th week and normal by the end of the 20th week. The cardiac NE
      content reached negligible levels while the mesenteric arteries retained 50% of
      its content. In the central nervous system (CNS) the 6-OHDA treatment induced a
      significant increase in NE concentration in the brain stem and medulla oblongata
      and a significant decrease in cerebellum. Hypertension produced a significant
      decrease in NE content in the brain stem while 6-OHDA treatment in hypertensive
      rats resulted in a generalized NE depletion in all the CNS areas. Results have
      shown that 6-OHDA treatment does not produce a complete and generally distributed
      sympathectomy; treatment reduces the level of BP but does not change the slope in
      BP increase.

PMID- 6428784
TI  - Double-contrast examination. Part I: Oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
AB  - The double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiograph is an excellent modality
      for detailed evaluation of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Through its use
      subtle inflammatory and neoplastic lesions can be diagnosed. It also provides a
      more detailed look at gross pathology than can be achieved with conventional
      studies alone. Despite the benefits of double-contrast the single-contrast phase
      of the study remains important and it is included in all cases. This combined
      study remains an important modality in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal
      disease.

PMID- 6428785
TI  - Mitogenic effects of glycolipoprotein extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Glycolipoprotein extracted from the extracellular of slime of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa has been tested for its ability to cause murine spleen cells to
      proliferate and differentiate. The extracted glycolipoprotein was found to be
      mitogenic for a subpopulation of murine B cells. It also caused an increase in
      the number of specific antibody forming cells in vitro. The activity of this
      extract was sensitive to low doses of cyclosporin A. These findings may be
      important in understanding the mechanism(s) of host resistance to this organism.

PMID- 6428786
TI  - Spontaneous production of human gamma interferon in vitro by splenic lymphocytes
      of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Lymphocytes derived from spleens of traffic trauma victims do not appear to
      produce human interferon (IFN) activity, spontaneously, in vitro. However,
      lymphocytes derived from spleens of four ITP patients were found to produce
      significant amounts of human IFN activity. The IFN activity produced by the
      splenic lymphocytes of ITP patients was neutralized by anti-gamma-IFN antisera
      but not anti-alpha or anti-beta antisera. The IFN activity was found to be
      unstable at pH 2.0 and at 56 degrees C. Thus the human IFN activity of splenic
      lymphocytes is characterized as human gamma-IFN. No human IFN activity was
      detectable in the serum of the ITP patients and it is not known whether the
      splenic lymphocytes of ITP patients also produce human gamma-IFN in vivo. The
      observations suggest that conditions prevail in the ITP state that predispose the
      splenic lymphocytes to produce human gamma-IFN without stimulation by exogenously
      added inducer.

PMID- 6428787
TI  - Nonthyroid autoantibodies in obese strain (OS) chickens.
AB  - Organ-specific autoantibodies (AAb) to thyroid and non-thyroid antigens of
      various endocrine and exocrine glands (glandular stomach, pancreas, adrenal,
      parathyroid, and striated muscle) were determined by different serological
      procedures in sera from Obese strain (OS), Cornell C strain (CS), normal inbred
      strains (CC and CB), and outbred normal White Leghorn (NWL) chickens.
      Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (Tg-AAbs), evaluated by immunodiffusion, passive
      hemagglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect
      immunofluorescence, as well as other organ-specific AAbs determined by indirect
      immunofluorescence, predominated in OS chickens. Tg-AAbs were found in the
      highest frequency, thyroid microsomal AAbs in intermediate frequency, and the
      other organ-specific AAbs in low frequency in OS chickens. Thyroid and non
      thyroid organ-specific AAbs were found only occasionally in control chickens and
      then only in low titers. Thus, spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis of OS chickens
      correlates closely with human Hashimoto thyroiditis not only in respect to AAbs
      to thyroid antigens but also to nonthyroid organ-specific antigens. Non-organ
      specific AAbs, such as antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to chicken red blood
      cell nuclei, mitochondrial AAbs, smooth muscle antibodies, and reticulin AAbs
      occur in high frequency in all strains of chickens tested. Even a slight
      prevalence in NWL chickens was seen, indicating that the abnormal immune response
      in OS chickens is restricted to organ-specific antigens of the thyroid gland and
      in some cases also to other exocrine or endocrine glands.

PMID- 6428788
TI  - Phagocytosis of mucoid and nonmucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - In order to evaluate the role of mucoid coating of clinical isolates of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a virulence factor, opsonophagocytosis of mucoid and
      nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa were studied by three different methods:
      uptake of [3H]adenine-labeled bacteria, oxygen consumption, and chemiluminescence
      production by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. All three methods
      showed a strong correlation with regard to phagocytosis of the bacterial
      isolates. As a group, the mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa demonstrated
      significantly reduced phagocytic uptake by leukocytes when compared to nonmucoid
      strains, although occasionally mucoid strains did exhibit normal uptake. In vitro
      growth of mucoid strains under nonstationary conditions was associated with
      reduced mucoid coating and with a corresponding increase in susceptibility to
      leukocyte phagocytosis. Although the overall bactericidal activity of human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes for mucoid strains was diminished, this appears to
      be a function of reduced ingestion since the rate of intracellular killing was
      similar for mucoid and nonmucoid strains. The enhanced susceptibility of mucoid
      strains to spontaneous bactericidal activity of pooled human serum was confirmed.
      Mucoid-producing strains produced less protease in vitro; however, the role of
      this phenomenon in influencing phagocytosis is unknown.

PMID- 6428789
TI  - Lymphokines in autoimmunity: relationship between interleukin-2 and interferon
      gamma production in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN) are potent immunoregulatory factors.
      Recently, it has been demonstrated that IL-2 production is necessary for IFN
      gamma synthesis. Thus, defects in IL-2 production could lead to defects in IFN
      gamma production. Indeed, in systemic lupus erythematosus, defects in IFN-gamma
      and IL-2 production have been noted. To test this hypothesis, IL-2 and IFN-gamma
      production rates by peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC were measured
      simultaneously after stimulation by concanavalin A (Con A) and phorbol myristic
      acetate (PMA). IL-2 activity was determined employing HT-2, a cell line with an
      absolute growth requirement for IL-2. IFN-gamma activity was assessed using a
      standard viral plaque inhibition assay. IL-2 production in normal controls (n =
      6) was 14.7 +/- 9.4 units/ml and in SLE patients (n = 10), 18.0 +/- 10.5 units/ml
      (P greater than 0.05). IFN-gamma production in controls was 74.7 +/- 43.7
      units/ml and in SLE patients, 68.8 +/- 35.4 units/ml (P greater than 0.05). Only
      one SLE patient, who had moderately active disease, demonstrated defects in IL-2
      synthesis (less than 4 units/ml) and IFN-gamma production (16 units/ml). Thus,
      production of these lymphokines in SLE patients was largely normal in response to
      Con A-PMA. These results imply that the intrinsic pathways of IFN and IL-2
      production are basically normal in most SLE patients although defects in
      production of these lymphokines can occur. The defects in IL-2 and IFN production
      in SLE previously reported may be secondary to an impaired cellular response to
      the selected inducing agent rather than a primary defect in the actual ability to
      produce these important lymphokines.

PMID- 6428790
TI  - Renal granular monoclonal light chain deposits: morphological aspects in 11
      cases.
AB  - Eleven cases of renal light chain deposition without amyloidosis are reported (7
      multiple myeloma, one Waldenstrom's disease, 3 without multiple myeloma without
      spike in serum or urine). Ten had kappa light chain deposits and 1 lambda light
      chain deposits along tubular basement membranes and in glomeruli. Ultrastructural
      study showed granular electron dense material on the external side of tubules
      with a very dark appearance in 4 cases and lighter appearance in the others. Five
      cases had nodular glomerulosclerosis with a finely granular, light appearance,
      corresponding to membrane-like material with kappa fixation in 4. Granular light
      chain deposition is analogous to type AL amyloidosis in that their distribution
      is identical and both originate from light chains. The major difference between
      AL type amyloidosis and light chain deposits lies in their ultrastructural
      appearance. Amyloid substance is characterized by a fibrillar appearance and
      light chain substance by a granular appearance.

PMID- 6428791
TI  - Diagnosing metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with 201 thallium scan:
      a case report.
AB  - A case of supraclavicular metastatic follicular carcinoma which occurred 7 years
      after the patient had undergone total thyroidectomy is presented. By means of
      whole body 210-thallium scan, a precise diagnosis was made, while the whole body
      131-I scan was negative. The thyroglobulin serum levels were high before surgery
      but significantly decreased after lymphadenectomy. The clinical use of this
      tracer to detect functioning and non-functioning metastases of thyroid carcinomas
      is discussed.

PMID- 6428792
TI  - Familial congenital short small bowel with associated defects. A long-term
      survival.
AB  - In 1974, Royer et al. described a familial syndrome consisting of a short and
      sluggish small bowel, malrotation of the gut, and pyloric stenosis. These authors
      stressed the uniformly fatal outcome of their four cases, as well as other
      possibly unrecognized cases previously described in the literature. The present
      report deals with two more familial cases, of which one represents a long-term
      survivor of the syndrome. The intensive work of maintaining nutrition,
      controlling infection, and managing the complications of associated defects are
      described.

PMID- 6428793
TI  - Dazoxiben, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - Dazoxiben, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, was evaluated in 21
      patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in a double-blind, placebo-controlled
      crossover experiment. Total fingertip blood flows were measured by
      plethysmography and capillary blood flows were measured by 133Xe disappearance
      rate. Subjects were studied in both a warm (28 degrees) and a cold (20 degrees)
      room. Arteriovenous (AV) shunt flow was estimated by subtraction of capillary
      flow from total flow. Ex vivo production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto PGF1
      alpha was determined by specific radioimmunoassay in serum from venous blood
      incubated for 1 hr (37 degrees). Plasma concentrations of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1
      alpha were also monitored. Dazoxiben (100 mg 4 times a day for 14 days) inhibited
      ex vivo TXB2 production (from 463.1 +/- 69.9 to 101.8 +/- 13.4 ng/ml/hr; (means
      +/- SE], enhanced ex vivo 6-keto PGF1 alpha production (from 1.38 +/- 0.05 to
      3.76 +/- 0.18 ng/ml/hr), reduced plasma TXB2 concentration (from 88.1 +/- 13.9 to
      38.8 +/- 5.9 pg/ml). There were no changes in plasma concentration of 6-keto PGF1
      alpha. Dazoxiben did not improve total digital blood flow, capillary flow, AV
      shunt flow, or forearm blood flow at 28 degrees or 20 degrees. There was no
      subjective improvement in frequency or severity of Raynaud's attacks (assessed by
      patient diaries). It is concluded that dazoxiben is a potent and specific
      thromboxane synthetase inhibitor capable of altering arachidonic acid metabolism,
      but is of little or no benefit in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 6428794
TI  - Effects of sulindac and indomethacin on renal prostaglandin synthesis.
AB  - We compared the effects of sulindac and indomethacin, the effects of two
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on renal prostaglandin synthesis and renal
      function. Sulindac, 200 mg twice daily, indomethacin, 25 mg four times a day, or
      placebo were taken by 15 normal female subjects (five in each of three treatment
      groups). Indomethacin decreased renal excretion of prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2
      alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, but sulindac and placebo had no effect on renal
      prostaglandin excretion. Concomitant with the reduction of renal prostaglandin
      synthesis in the indomethacin group, sodium and chloride excretion decreased;
      sulindac and placebo had no discernible effects on urine electrolytes. Extrarenal
      cyclooxygenase activity, as assessed by platelet thromboxane beta 2 release, was
      inhibited by both sulindac and indomethacin. Plasma renin activity and plasma
      aldosterone levels fell in all groups as a result of positive sodium balance, but
      the decrements of aldosterone were greater after indomethacin and sulindac. None
      of the treatments altered glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow in
      these normal women. We conclude that in normal women renal prostaglandin
      synthesis and prostaglandin-dependent tubular functions such as Na and Cl
      reabsorption are relatively unaffected by doses of sulindac (200 mg twice daily)
      that inhibit nonrenal cyclooxygenase. This may reflect the capacity of oxidative
      enzymes in the kidney to convert the active sulfide metabolite of sulindac to the
      inactive prodrug sulindac sulfoxide.

PMID- 6428795
TI  - Photon-deficient bone scan lesion as a precursor of active Paget's disease.
AB  - A case is presented in which a Pagetoid lesion was demonstrated as a photon
      deficient area (cold spot) on the bone scan. This area changed into a hot spot 3
      years after its discovery. Clinical and radiological observations provide
      evidence that a scintigraphically photon-deficient area may represent a precursor
      of active Paget's disease.

PMID- 6428796
TI  - Inhibition of jejunal water and electrolyte absorption by therapeutic doses of
      clindamycin in man.
AB  - A steady-state perfusion technique has been used in vivo in normal subjects to
      show that at concentrations occurring during therapeutic use (500 mg/1, 1.1
      mmol/l) the antibiotic clindamycin reversibly inhibits bicarbonate-stimulated
      water and electrolyte absorption from the human jejunum. Lactose-stimulated water
      and electrolyte absorption was not affected by the addition of clindamycin at the
      same concentration. Clindamycin-induced malabsorption of water and electrolytes
      may contribute significantly to the diarrhoea that occurs during clindamycin
      therapy in the absence of pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 6428797
TI  - Nutritional support of patients with severe hepatic failure.
AB  - The pathophysiology, etiology, and metabolic alterations of severe hepatic
      failure and nutritional support of patients with this condition are reviewed.
      Hepatic failure encompasses a broad range of acute and chronic processes;
      complications may be fatal or quite minimal. Cirrhosis refers to all types of
      chronic diffuse liver disease. While hepatocytes regenerate in cirrhotic
      patients, eventually the parenchymal and vascular architecture of the liver is
      disrupted, leading to a syndrome of hepatic insufficiency. Normal metabolic
      processes deteriorate, and serum amino acid imbalances and fat intolerance may
      develop. Aromatic amino acids, which are normally catabolized by the liver,
      accumulate in the serum, and branched-chain amino acid deficiencies develop as
      these amino acids are broken down for energy by peripheral muscle. Hepatic
      encephalopathy often develops in these patients. Successful nutritional support
      of the patient with severe hepatic failure depends on correction of the specific
      metabolic abnormalities occurring. Parenteral nutrition with Hepatamine (American
      McGaw), a product with more branched-chain amino acids and less aromatic amino
      acids than other amino acid solutions, is useful in patients with altered serum
      amino acid profiles who develop hepatic encephalopathy. Patients in whom factors
      other than altered amino acids are primary causes of encephalopathy may not
      respond to Hepatamine. Enteral nutritional products with amino acid compositions
      similar to Hepatamine [Hepatic-Aid II (McGaw), Travasorb-Hepatic (Travenol
      Laboratories)] may be used in patients with encephalopathy, but they must be
      supplemented to provide complete nutrition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428798
TI  - Nutritional support of patients with renal disease.
AB  - Current concepts in the nutritional support of patients with renal disease are
      reviewed. In chronic renal failure, alterations in fat, carbohydrate, and
      glycogen metabolism usually occur and may be worsened by acute illness. Total
      parenteral nutrient (TPN) therapy is rarely required unless complications occur.
      In contrast, acute renal failure is generally associated with hypovolemia,
      sepsis, soft tissue injury, and coagulation defects, all of which influence
      metabolism and extracellular fluid volume; the gluconeogenesis that often occurs
      in these patients masks the metabolic effects of uremia. Nutritional support of
      patients with renal disease aims at providing adequate nutrients while limiting
      accumulation of nitrogenous waste. Current concepts concerning essential amino
      acids (EAAs), nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), and urea recycling are reviewed.
      The caloric needs of patients with renal failure are assumed to be similar to
      those of other hospitalized patients. There is no clinically important advantage
      of using an EAA formulation rather than mixed (EAA and NEAA) amino acids. Since
      fluid restriction is recommended and protein use is improved with diets with a
      high calorie-to-nitrogen ratio, the use of TPN solutions with dextrose 350 g is
      recommended. If glucose intolerance is severe, fat should be considered as a
      calorie source. Recommendations for monitoring the metabolic status of patients
      with renal failure receiving nutritional support are reviewed. Monitoring the
      metabolic status of patients with renal disease is crucial to providing safe and
      effective nutritional therapy. There appears to be no clinically important
      advantage to amino acid products specially formulated for use in renal disease.

PMID- 6428799
TI  - Drug therapy and nutritional management of patients with gastrointestinal
      fistulas.
AB  - The drug therapy and nutritional management of patients with gastrointestinal
      fistulas are reviewed. The goal of therapy is to compensate for loss of
      electrolytes, nutrients, and water in the fistula drainage and to monitor the
      acid-base status of the patient. Positive nitrogen balance is essential for
      anabolism and closure of the fistula. Usually it is not feasible to analyze the
      fistula drainage for nitrogen content, and nitrogen requirements must be
      estimated. To prevent folic acid deficiencies, patients should receive daily
      doses of folic acid 1 mg orally or 0.5 mg in parenteral nutrient solutions.
      Positive zinc balance usually can be established with the addition to parenteral
      nutrient solutions of zinc 3-12 mg/day. It is not clear whether the parenteral or
      enteral route of nutrient administration is preferable. Drug therapy may be
      needed to treat diarrhea, infection, and any underlying disease. Reductions in
      the acidity and the volume of fluid lost may allow spontaneous closure and
      healing; antacids and anticholinergic drugs are not recommended for these
      purposes. The use of cimetidine has been effective in decreasing the acid content
      and volume of output from fistulas in the upper gastrointestinal tract and has
      allowed spontaneous healing to occur. Drainage of any intra-abdominal abscesses
      is essential; this should be combined with systemic antibiotic therapy. The
      management of patients with gastrointestinal fistulas is complex because of
      disturbances in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and because of
      difficulties in determining nutritional requirements.

PMID- 6428800
TI  - Effect of antacid on the bioavailabiity of lithium carbonate.
AB  - The effect of an antacid on the bioavailability of lithium carbonate was
      determined in six healthy men in a crossover study. The volunteers were given
      single 300-mg doses of lithium carbonate alone and with 30 ml of an antacid
      containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxides with simethicone. Blood samples were
      collected at various times for 0-24 hours after each dose. The plasma samples
      were analyzed for lithium using a spectrophotometer, and bioavailability
      variables were calculated from plasma lithium concentration-time curves. There
      were no significant differences in peak plasma lithium concentration, time to
      peak concentration, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours,
      first-order absorption rate constant, and first-order elimination rate constant
      between the two treatments. Concurrent administration of antacids and lithium
      carbonate should not affect lithium blood concentrations.

PMID- 6428801
TI  - Nondosage-dependent valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia and coma.

PMID- 6428802
TI  - 'Naturally occurring' anti-D in Rh(D) negative volunteers for immunization.
AB  - 'Naturally occurring' anti-D has been studied in four Rh(D) negative males. The
      presence of this anti-D does not preclude successful deliberate immunization of
      Rh(D) negative volunteers; 'naturally occurring' anti-D does not provide a marker
      of non-responders to Rh immunization. 'Naturally occurring' anti-D is not
      necessarily the result of materno-fetal transfusion at birth.

PMID- 6428803
TI  - The effect of storage in different anticoagulants on platelet associated IgG.
AB  - Blood was collected from nine normal volunteers into each of four different
      anticoagulants and in order to simulate transport conditions, was stored at room
      temperature for 96 h. The platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) was determined from
      aliquots thereof over this period. Blood in EDTA gave slightly higher initial
      values (day 0) than in other anticoagulants. PAIgG levels increased at different
      rates in all anticoagulants thereafter. In contrast to recent reports which
      suggested that falsely elevated levels were likely to be seen after storage in
      EDTA, we found little difference in these values in blood in different
      anticoagulants at 72 h and all PAIgG measurements remained within our quoted
      normal range at this time. After 96 h storage however, one of nine (11%) in CPD
      A, two of nine (22%) in EDTA, two of nine (22%) in Na-citrate and six of nine
      (66%) in EDTA paraformaldehyde gave falsely elevated results. The possible
      mechanisms of these changes are discussed. The assay system employed in this
      study measures 'total' platelet IgG in a platelet extract in contrast to some
      other assays which quantify surface platelet IgG alone and it is possible that
      this difference in technique is responsible for the relatively smaller percentage
      changes after storage than reported by others. All anticoagulants tested in this
      study proved satisfactory both for handling and for the measurement of PAIgG at
      48 h, with the proviso that normal ranges should be established for each.

PMID- 6428804
TI  - Comparison of human acrosin, a trypsin-like sperm proteinase, with human
      pancreatic trypsin: temperature stability and effect of cations.
AB  - Temperature and ion sensitivity of human acrosin (EC 3.4.21.10) was compared to
      that of human trypsin. With the exception of zinc, no ion tested had significant
      effects on either enzyme. Zinc behaved as a noncompetitive inhibitor of both
      enzymes, with inhibition constants of 1.8 and 1.7 mM for acrosin and trypsin
      respectively. Trypsin was inhibited by the chelators EDTA and EGTA, a specific
      effect reversed by either calcium or magnesium. EDTA inhibited acrosin in a
      nonspecific manner, while EGTA was without effect. Unlike acrosin from the other
      species, human acrosin was unaffected by calcium or the polyamines, spermine and
      spermidine. Acrosin was sensitive to inhibition by preincubation temperatures
      above 5 degrees C; trypsin, however, was stable to preincubation temperatures up
      to 60 degrees C. Hydrolysis of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester was more
      efficiently catalyzed by trypsin (6800 cal/mol) than by acrosin (9511 cal/mol).

PMID- 6428805
TI  - Identification of gamma-interferon as a murine macrophage-activating factor for
      tumor cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6428806
TI  - Pituitary and ovarian function and clinical performance during the use of a
      levonorgestrel-releasing intracervical contraceptive device.
AB  - A levonorgestrel-releasing intracervical device (ICD) was inserted
      postmenstrually to twenty-one voluntary women. Eight subjects gave blood samples
      twice a week during the initial three months of use of the ICD and during the
      seventh and twelfth months of use. Clinical performance was studied; plasma
      concentrations of levonorgestrel were measured by radioimmunoassay and the
      effects of the treatment on pituitary and ovarian function were determined by
      assaying plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. The
      results of the first year are presented. Dysmenorrhea, menstrual flow and the
      number of days of bleeding decreased during the first treatment year. Three
      spontaneous expulsions occurred; two at the very beginning of the treatment and
      one after six months of use. Side-effects were few. The plasma level of
      levonorgestrel remained fairly constant during the observation time of 12 months.
      Thirty-one of the 36 cycles were ovulatory as judged by plasma progesterone
      elevations. No pregnancies occurred during the study period of one year.

PMID- 6428807
TI  - The control of male fertility by 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane (THP;glycerol): rapid
      arrest of spermatogenesis without altering libido, accessory organs, gonadal
      steroidogenesis, and serum testosterone, LH and FSH.
AB  - This study examines the effects of intratesticular injection of aqueous 1,2,3
      trihydroxypropane (THP; glycerol) solution on male reproductive biology. In a
      series of experiments, Sprague-Dawley rats of various ages (48-101 days) were
      injected with 50-200 microliters per testis and various parameters were studied
      for up to 21 weeks later. While an injection of THP resulted in testicular weight
      reduction of 45-60% within 2 weeks, the weights of prostate and seminal vesicles
      were not affected for the duration of the experiments. The number of sperm per
      epididymis in the THP-treated rats declined rapidly and was reduced by 99.99% (of
      controls) after the 3rd mating. THP-treated males mated with virgin females at
      the same frequency as control rats but all were infertile after the 3rd mating
      and remained infertile for the duration of the tests (21 weeks after treatment).
      In vitro studies showed that metabolism of 14C-progesterone by testicular
      homogenates was not altered quantitatively or qualitatively by THP treatment.
      Serum levels of androgens, LH and FSH of THP-treated rats did not differ
      significantly from the controls. Histologically and histochemically, the Leydig
      cells appeared to be normal, but the seminiferous tubules of THP-treated testes
      were devoid of spermatogenic cells within 2 weeks of a single treatment. It is
      concluded that direct injection of THP acts as a potent inhibitor of
      spermatogenesis resulting in long-term infertility without affecting
      steroidogenesis, libido, secondary sex characteristics, mating behaviour or serum
      hormone levels.

PMID- 6428808
TI  - Computed tomography of sacral and perisacral lesions.
AB  - The sacrum and perisacral soft tissues are not readily amenable to investigation
      by conventional radiological techniques. Computed tomography (CT) has provided an
      excellent imaging modality for the evaluation of these areas. This article
      describes the normal CT anatomy of the sacrum, the CT technique for evaluating
      the sacrum and perisacral soft tissues and the contribution of CT to the
      assessment of the many disorders that may involve the sacrum. Conditions
      discussed include osseous tumors of the sacrum, spinal dysraphism, cauda equina
      tumors and cysts, lesions arising primarily in the presacral space and sacral
      trauma. The use of CT scanning of the sacrum following intrathecal administration
      of Metrizamide is described.

PMID- 6428809
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6428810
TI  - Cytochrome system in cultivated Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
AB  - The respiratory pigments of cell suspensions of Mycobacterium lepraemurium
      cultivated on Ogawa egg-yolk medium were investigated spectrophotometrically. The
      results obtained showed that whole cell suspensions of both Kumato and Hawaiian
      strains contained flavins, cytochromes of the a2 and b type, as well as a CO
      binding pigment similar to cytochrome o. The whole cell suspensions of M.
      lepraemurium did not show detectable quantities of c type cytochrome. However,
      cytochrome c was present in small amounts, and its presence became evident in the
      dithionite-reduced minus oxidized difference spectra of pyridine haemochromogens
      prepared from in vitro grown cells of M. lepraemurium.

PMID- 6428811
TI  - Management of thromboembolism. Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, or surgical
      intervention?

PMID- 6428812
TI  - Activity of cefsulodin, other beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Cefsulodin was the most active of the cephalosporins and exhibited 4-16 times
      more activity than carbenicillin or ticarcillin against 50 clinical isolates of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Azlocillin and piperacillin showed good activity, while
      tobramycin was the most effective aminoglycoside. The activity of cefsulodin was
      unaltered by increases in inocula, but resistance was induced easily. When
      combined with gentamicin, no synergistic or antagonistic activity was observed
      against multiply resistant isolates.

PMID- 6428813
TI  - Pituitary chromophobe tumor in 409 cases.

PMID- 6428814
TI  - Experimental study of acute suppurative bone and joint infection. I. Hematogenous
      osteomyelitis.

PMID- 6428815
TI  - Roentgen-pathologic study of breast cancer.

PMID- 6428816
TI  - Grey scale ultrasonography in diagnosis of pelvic mass and early ovarian
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6428817
TI  - Wilson's disease. An electroencephalographic study.

PMID- 6428818
TI  - Normal values of 10 dermatoglyphic parameters in the Yi nationality.

PMID- 6428819
TI  - Observations on murine bone marrow in situ.

PMID- 6428820
TI  - Gastric mucosa cytokinetics in gastric diseases.

PMID- 6428821
TI  - E-rosette forming count determination and transfer factor treatment in herpetic
      simplex keratitis.

PMID- 6428822
TI  - Late result of pediatric thumb reconstruction by free toe transplantation.

PMID- 6428823
TI  - Chondrosarcoma surface configuration.

PMID- 6428824
TI  - Clinical significance of retroduodenal approach for exploration of the third
      portion of the common bile duct.

PMID- 6428825
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea on rhinologic basis. Report
      of 10 cases.

PMID- 6428826
TI  - A strategy for cancer control in China.

PMID- 6428827
TI  - Limited side-to-side portacaval shunt. Over 20 years' clinical experience.

PMID- 6428828
TI  - Aspirin and dipyridamole inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation and
      release in cynomolgus monkeys.

PMID- 6428829
TI  - Steroid-induced ocular hypertension in high myopia.

PMID- 6428830
TI  - Rieger's syndrome.

PMID- 6428831
TI  - Simultaneous detection of T, B, D, and N lymphocytes in human cerebrospinal fluid
      by mixed rosette (E-YC 3) assay.

PMID- 6428832
TI  - Further experience with praziquantel in schistosoma japonicum infections.

PMID- 6428833
TI  - Early vascular grafting to prevent upper extremity necrosis after electrical
      burns.

PMID- 6428834
TI  - Neonatal hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria and galactosemia screening in
      metropolitan Shanghai.

PMID- 6428835
TI  - Gastric cancer associated with incomplete pyloric obstruction and belching
      combustible gas.

PMID- 6428836
TI  - Morphologic study on cerebral cortex development in therapeutically aborted
      fetuses in an endemic goiter region in Guizhou.

PMID- 6428837
TI  - A new culture medium without fetal calf serum for human fibroblasts and
      amniocytes.

PMID- 6428838
TI  - Improved technic for dengue virus micro cell culture.

PMID- 6428839
TI  - Urinary excretion and blood concentrations of trace elements and electrolytes
      during total parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Urinary excretion of trace elements (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Sb, Cs, Rb),
      electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg, phosphate), and nitrogen were determined during days
      1-5 and 54-79 of total parenteral nutrition (TPN, nil per os) given to six
      patients with Crohn's disease. Whole-blood concentrations of Cr, Fe, Zn, Cs, and
      Rb and serum concentrations of electrolytes were determined before the TPN and on
      days 54-79 of TPN. The 24-hr urinary excretion of zinc was lower on days 54-79
      than on days 1-5, but the rates of excretion of the other essential trace
      elements during TPN displayed no significant change. The urinary excretion of Cu,
      Fe, and Mn was numerically lower than the intravenous administration of these
      elements during days 1-5 and 54-79 of TPN, whereas the urinary excretion of zinc
      was lower than the supply only during days 54-79. The whole-blood concentration
      of zinc was low but constant during TPN, whereas the initially low levels of Cr
      and Fe were normalized on days 54-79. The results suggest that the supply of the
      essential trace elements Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn was largely adequate during
      two to three months of TPN and that the human body may adapt to a somewhat low
      supply of zinc, 20-30 mumol/24 hr.

PMID- 6428840
TI  - Anaphylaxis and immunologic insulin resistance in a diabetic woman with
      ketoacidosis.
AB  - A diabetic woman presented with diabetic ketoacidosis after demonstrating
      immediate-type hypersensitivity to heterologous insulin. She had had interrupted
      insulin therapy in the past. Insulin requirements during the course of treatment
      for the acidosis suggested marked resistance, with 50,000 U of insulin needed in
      the first 36 h. Anaphylaxis requiring intubation and emergency treatment
      developed after intravenous purified pork insulin was administered. Elevated
      titers of insulin-specific IgG (441.6 U/L serum) demonstrated immunologic insulin
      resistance. Positive intradermal skin tests for beef and pork insulins and
      detection of insulin-specific IgE by RAST assay revealed concurrent immediate
      type allergy. A review of the literature revealed the unique occurrence in this
      patient of simultaneous ketoacidosis, insulin allergy, anaphylaxis, and
      immunologic resistance. Interrupted insulin therapy in susceptible individuals
      remains a potential danger, even with the availability of purified insulin
      preparations.

PMID- 6428841
TI  - Hypoglycemia due to serum-complexed insulin in a patient with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presented with a
      "hyperlabile" state of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis alternating with
      hypoglycemia. Measurements of total and free insulin levels suggested that the
      clinical syndrome may have been due to antibody binding of insulin. Equilibrium
      analysis of insulin binding to the patient's serum demonstrated two classes of
      anti-insulin activities. The first class was of high affinity (dissociation
      constant approximately equal to 10(-9) M) and low capacity (150 microU/ml). At
      low total serum insulin concentrations, most of the circulating insulin was bound
      to the high-affinity binding activity, and the patient presented with
      hyperglycemia or ketosis. The second class of insulin binding activity had a
      lower affinity (dissociation constant approximately equal to 5 X 10(-7) M). The
      insulin that was bound to this low-affinity serum substance still maintained
      biologic activity in vivo. Isophane insulin (NPH) had a markedly prolonged serum
      half-life, which resulted in delayed hypoglycemia. Serum insulin complexes--that
      is, bound insulin--may not be "inactive" but may contribute to total insulin
      action. A determination of insulin activity, not only free insulin levels, may
      help explain hypoglycemia in selected patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6428842
TI  - Sulfonylureas improve insulin binding and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Sulfonylureas reduce plasma glucose concentrations in most patients with non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The mechanism of this action is
      controversial. In this article we examine the issue of the peripheral effect of
      these drugs, i.e., the effect on insulin receptors and insulin action. In our
      studies we have found that sulfonylureas possess a selective regulatory in vivo
      effect on the cellular insulin binding to monocytes, independent of the diet and
      changes in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, we found in in
      vitro studies that sulfonylureas affect the insulin receptors in a direct way.
      Thus, insulin binding to monocytes was increased during sulfonylurea treatment in
      both normal volunteers and patients with NIDDM. On the other hand, sulfonylureas
      seem to improve insulin action in NIDDM patients only. We conclude that the
      increased insulin binding in patients with NIDDM, induced by sulfonylurea
      treatment, may be of importance for the improved insulin action found in these
      patients. However, this hypothesis has to be proved.

PMID- 6428843
TI  - Effect of glyburide on metabolic control and insulin binding in insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The extrapancreatic effects of the sulfonylurea drug glyburide in insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus were examined in a double-blind, prospective study
      involving 28 patients. Administration of glyburide in addition to the usual diet
      and insulin dose for 6 mo led to a minimal and transient decrease in hemoglobin
      A1c and total glycosylated hemoglobin. Insulin receptors of peripheral monocytes
      were initially normal in both number and affinity in this group of insulin
      dependent diabetic patients, but, after 6 mo of glyburide therapy, binding to
      insulin receptors declined at the lower insulin concentration range without
      falling out of the normal range. No changes could be demonstrated in plasma
      triglycerides, cholesterol, or lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions. We conclude
      that the extrapancreatic effects of the sulfonylurea glyburide in insulin
      deficient diabetic subjects are small. These effects may be mediated through a
      postinsulin receptor mechanism.

PMID- 6428844
TI  - Oral sulfonylurea agents suppress hepatic glucose production in non-insulin
      dependent diabetic individuals.
AB  - In the present paper we have reviewed the literature concerning the mechanisms of
      action of the oral sulfonylurea agents on glucose metabolism. In addition, we
      report our results examining the effect of glyburide in 10 non-insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients. Before therapy the fasting glucose concentration averaged 198
      +/- 19 mg/dl and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was markedly abnormal.
      Following 3 mo of glyburide therapy, the fasting glucose had declined to 141 +/-
      16 mg/dl (P less than 0.01 vs. preglyburide) and the OGTT (absolute plasma
      glucose concentration) was improved (P less than 0.001). However, the incremental
      increase (i.e., above basal) in plasma glucose during the OGTT was not
      significantly altered. In the postabsorptive state the fasting plasma glucose
      concentration is determined by only two factors: (1) the rate of glucose entry
      into the body, which is essentially equal to the rate of hepatic glucose
      production (HGP) and (2) the rate of glucose removal from the body or the glucose
      clearance. In the basal state HGP was slightly increased compared to age-matched
      controls and averaged 2.35 +/- 0.28 mg/kg X min. Following 3 mo of glyburide, HGP
      decreased to 1.72 +/- 0.18 mg/kg X min (P less than 0.01) and the decrease in HPG
      was strongly correlated with the decrease in fasting glucose (r = 0.85, P less
      than 0.005). Basal glucose clearance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes was
      reduced compared to controls (1.22 +/- 0.04 vs. 2.32 +/- 0.03 ml/kg X min, P less
      than 0.001) but did not change after glyburide (1.25 +/- 0.10).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428845
TI  - Breaking the 'detox-loop' for alcoholics with social detoxification.
AB  - A significant number of alcoholics do not respond to detoxification as a step on
      the way to rehabilitation. Instead, they periodically 'dry out' and subsequently
      return to alcohol abuse. They do not accept the responsibilities inherent in the
      sick role (cooperation in order to improve status of health by entering and
      continuing treatment), although they do accept the privileges (care, shelter and
      asylum). Repeated detoxifications (within medical and non-medical settings) of
      persons who do not commit themselves to entering rehabilitation, are of minimum
      benefit to the patient and absorb resources which could be better used by those
      more amendable to treatment. An appropriate level of care--social detoxification-
      should be provided for ' detox - loopers '. Such a model can focus on the
      alcoholic's social welfare needs. Social detoxification provides both respite and
      basic care. The door to ongoing rehabilitation through professional services, as
      well as self-help groups, can remain open, without being the main objective of
      the centre.

PMID- 6428846
TI  - Potential medication error with transdermal nitroglycerin.
AB  - Long-acting nitroglycerin preparations are a mainstay of therapy of angina
      pectoris. The trademark name of one such preparation led to the incorrect
      administration of a similarly named scopolamine preparation to a patient with
      angina. Physicians and pharmacists must be alert to the potential for medication
      error inherent in the brand names for these two preparations. The case also
      illustrates other aspects of the proper use of transdermal nitroglycerin patches.

PMID- 6428847
TI  - [Attention to the dosage limits of xylitol in parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6428848
TI  - Macro molecular dosimetry.

PMID- 6428850
TI  - Carcinogenicity assays at lower dose levels: greater response of the yellow Avy/
      mouse.

PMID- 6428849
TI  - On the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of some heavy metal salts on the mixed
      function oxidizing enzyme systems.

PMID- 6428851
TI  - Comparative enhancing effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and phenobarbital on
      dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic and renal tumorigenesis in rats.

PMID- 6428852
TI  - Elicitation of raised aortic smooth muscle lesions with an initiation-promotion
      regimen.

PMID- 6428853
TI  - Multiple UDP-glucuronyl transferases from rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 6428854
TI  - Enzyme induction in liver, kidney and lung after inhalation of halothane and
      enflurane.

PMID- 6428855
TI  - Dose and time related response of immunologic functions to aflatoxin B1 in mice.

PMID- 6428856
TI  - The disposition of 14C-di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) in the marmoset.

PMID- 6428857
TI  - The influence of exposure route and species on the acute lethal toxicity and
      tissue concentrations of cyanide.

PMID- 6428858
TI  - Uptake of 2,4-D in higher plants from artificial rain.
AB  - Sinapis alba L., Lapsana communis L., Achillea millefolium L., Brassica napus L.,
      Lactuca sativa L., and Lycopersicum esculentum L. were exposed to 2,4
      dichlorophenoxy [2-14C]acetic acid (2,4-D) at 10 micrograms liter-1 in artificial
      rain, pH 6.5 and 3.3. The 2,4-D was absorbed in all species tested.
      Concentrations of parent 2,4-D appeared at the highest level in Achillea (0.1 mg
      kg-1 dry wt), and at zero level in Lycopersicum. Twenty-one daily treatments at
      pH 6.5 for 30-min periods increased dry-matter concentrations (P less than or
      equal to 0.05) in the leaves of Achillea and decreased those in Brassica. No
      change in dry-matter concentration was observed in the leaves of Brassica by
      seven daily treatments for 30-min periods at pH 3.3.

PMID- 6428859
TI  - The effects of acute carbaryl exposure on clotting factor activity in the rat.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a drinking solution containing either 10
      parts per million (ppm) carbaryl or water for 30 days. Plasma was analyzed for
      the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and clotting
      factor activity for coagulation factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII and the
      platelet count. Only two hematological parameters measured were statistically
      different from the controls; these parameters were the platelet count and factor
      VII activity, both of which were reduced. Histological examination of the hepatic
      tissue illustrated that a number of pathological changes were occurring.

PMID- 6428860
TI  - Biosynthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit from
      ovine pituitary cultures: effect of 17 beta-estradiol treatment.
AB  - An assay was developed to detect tritium-labeled ovine FSH beta-subunit [(
      3H]oFSH beta) secreted from primary ovine pituitary cultures. This procedure used
      affinity-enriched antibodies raised against reduced and carbamylmethylated oFSH
      beta (RCM-oFSH beta) in a two-cycle immunoextraction procedure. A discrete
      species with an apparent mol wt of 21,000 was detected in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      electrophoretic patterns of immunoextracts from culture medium. This species was
      identified as RCM-[3H]oFSH beta by its comigration with highly purified RCM-oFSH
      beta, its reduction in culture media after cultures were treated with 17 beta
      estradiol, which normally decreases radioimmunoassayable oFSH; and its
      displacement from the extracting antibodies by excess unlabeled RCM-oFSH beta.
      The assay was used in a pulse-chase study to determine that [3H]oFSH beta is
      secreted within 1-2 h of its synthesis. Prior treatment of cultures with 17 beta
      estradiol did not change this timing of secretion.

PMID- 6428861
TI  - Relationship between pubertal timing and body size in underfed male rats.
AB  - A direct connection has been proposed between body size and sexual maturation by
      the critical body weight and critical body fat hypotheses. To test these theories
      in male rats, we compared the degree of sexual maturation in animals with reduced
      growth rate due to undernutrition with that in weight-matched but normally fed
      rats. Underfed rats had significantly larger prostate, seminal vesicle, and
      testis weights than the weight-matched normally fed controls at the three time
      points studied: the early pubertal period (approximate time of onset of rising
      serum testosterone), late pubertal period (approximate time of appearance of
      mature spermatids), and young adult period. At the first time point, testes of
      underfed rats, but not those of normally fed, weight-matched controls, showed
      mature step 19 spermatids, and serum testosterone was significantly higher in the
      underfed animals. At all time points, serum LH levels were similar in both
      groups, while serum FSH levels were significantly lower in the underfed rats at
      all points. The Lee index, an index of fatness, was significantly lower in the
      underfed rats. The current study indicates that underfed rats are more sexually
      mature than normally fed controls of the same weight despite having a lower
      percentage of body fat. These findings do not support the critical body weight or
      critical body fat hypotheses of puberty in male rats.

PMID- 6428862
TI  - Plasma cortisol transport and primate evolution.
AB  - Primates have diverged into three major evolutionary groups: prosimians, Old
      World primates, and New World primates; the last group is distinguished by high
      circulating cortisol concentrations and resistance to the action of
      glucocorticoids. We have studied a large spectrum of primate species within these
      groups to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of cortisol-binding
      globulin (CBG) among them. The CBG in each species was found to be glycosylated,
      as judged from lectin interactions, and to exhibit an electrophoretic mobility
      similar to that of human CBG. Although the CBG affinity for cortisol differed
      among species, the effects of changes in temperature on the CBG affinity were
      similar. Strikingly, the CBG-binding capacity of plasma in the New World primates
      was 1/10th to 1/100th those in the Old World primates and prosimians, while the
      CBG-binding affinity for cortisol was lower. The reduced capacity and affinity of
      CBG result in a markedly higher fraction of unbound plasma cortisol in the New
      World primates than in the Old World primates or the prosimian species examined.
      This evolutionary pattern of CBG may be a compensatory mechanism for the target
      organ resistance to glucocorticoids that characterizes the New World monkeys.

PMID- 6428863
TI  - Hypothyroid pituitary cells in culture: an analysis of thyrotropin and prolactin
      responses to dopamine (DA) and DA receptor binding.
AB  - Monolayer cultures were prepared from the anterior pituitary (AP) lobes of normal
      male rats and male rats made hypothyroid by treatment with aminotriazole. After 3
      days in culture, the cells from hypothyroid animals showed significantly greater
      TSH and PRL secretory activity and significantly less GH secretory activity than
      did parallel euthyroid cultures. The responses of euthyroid and hypothyroid
      cultures to dopaminergic agonists and antagonists were examined. Bromocriptine,
      apomorphine, and dopamine (DA) inhibited euthyroid TSH secretion by approximately
      30%, whereas each drug inhibited hypothyroid TSH secretion by approximately 60%
      (P less than 0.01 for each drug). In contrast, the three agonists were less
      effective in inhibiting PRL secretion from hypothyroid cells (P less than 0.05
      for each drug). The rank order of potency [bromocriptine greater than
      (+)butaclamol greater than apomorphine greater than DA greater than (
      )butaclamol] shown against secretion was the same for TSH and PRL in both
      euthyroid and hypothyroid cell cultures and is typical of a DA receptor-mediated
      process. The binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine (DHE) to DA receptors on
      euthyroid and hypothyroid cells was examined under the same conditions in which
      the secretory responses were determined. One micromolar concentration of
      (+)butaclamol was used to define nonspecific binding. Specific binding was
      saturable and stereospecific in each case. The rank order of potency of
      dopaminergic agonists and antagonists in competing for [3H] DHE binding was the
      same as that demonstrated against the secretion of TSH and PRL. Each compound
      displaced significantly more [3H]DHE from hypothyroid cells than from euthyroid
      cells (P less than 0.05 for each drug). Construction of adsorption isotherms for
      [3H]DHE binding to DA receptors on euthyroid and hypothyroid cells and subsequent
      Scatchard analysis revealed a 3- to 4-fold increase in receptor number without a
      significant change in affinity. Immunohistochemistry on AP lobes before and after
      dispersion revealed an increase in thyrotrophs and thyroidectomy cells in
      hypothyroid rats relative to those in control animals. In euthyroid animals
      thyrotrophs were 10.1% of the total AP cell population, in hypothyroid animals
      they plus the thyroidectomy cells were 36.3% of the total AP cells. Therefore,
      the increased number of DA receptors per lobe could be accounted for by increased
      numbers of thyrotrophs. The mechanism of the altered sensitivity to DA induced by
      hypothyroidism in lactotrophs and thyrotrophs remains to be clarified.

PMID- 6428864
TI  - Plasma GH response to hpGRF-44 in normal children of short stature and patients
      with GH deficiency.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF-44) was administered as an iv bolus to 139
      normal children of short stature and 63 patients with GH deficiency. After a dose
      of 1 and 2 micrograms hpGRF-44/kg BW, mean plasma GH levels peaked at 15 and 30
      min, respectively, with corresponding values of 32.2 +/- 3.6 and 31.8 +/- 2.4 (+/
      SE) ng/ml in normal but short children. There were no differences according to
      sex or age in plasma GH response to hpGRF-44 between the ages of 4 and 18 years.
      A similar plasma GH response was observed when 2 micrograms hpGRF-44/kg BW was
      administered two hours after lunch. The overall plasma GH response was greater
      than that of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and was similar to that obtained in the
      glucagon-propranolol test. Thirty-five of 63 patients with GH deficiency did not
      respond to a 2 micrograms hpGRF-44/kg BW. However, plasma GH increases to greater
      than 5 ng/ml occurred in the remaining 28 patients. Their mean GH level reached a
      peak at 90 min with a value of 8.8 +/- 0.8 ng/ml. These results suggest that
      hpGRF-44 is useful for evaluating pituitary GH reserve in children of short
      stature and that some patients with GH deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of
      established tests, have GH responses to hpGRF-44.

PMID- 6428865
TI  - Growth hormone response to human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor in
      cattle.
AB  - The effects of a growth hormone releasing factor, human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor-44 (hpGRF-44), on growth hormone (GH) secretion in calves,
      heifers and cows were studied. A single intravenous (iv) injection of 0.1, 0.25,
      0.5 or 1.0 microgram of synthetic hpGRF-44 per kg of body weight (bw) in calves
      significantly elevated the circulating GH level within 2-5 min, while no increase
      in plasma GH was observed in saline injected control calves. The plasma GH level
      increased proportionally to the log dose of hpGRF-44, and reached a peak at 5-10
      min (p less than 0.01). Subcutaneous injection of hpGRF-44 also elevated the
      plasma GH level, but the peak value at 15 min was 37% of that of iv injection (p
      less than 0.05). Intravenous injection of 0.25 microgram of hpGRF-44 per kg of bw
      to female calves, heifers, and cows significantly elevated mean the GH levels
      from 8.5, 2.3, and 1.6 ng/ml at 0 time to peak values of 97, 26, and 11.6 ng/ml,
      respectively (p less than 0.01). The plasma GH response and basal level in calves
      were significantly higher than those of heifers or cows (p less than 0.025). The
      plasma GH response to hpGRF-44 as well as the basal level decreased with
      advancing age. The plasma GH response to hpGRF-44 and basal GH in male calves
      were significantly greater than those in female calves (p less than 0.001). These
      results indicate that synthetic hpGRF-44 is a potent secretogogue for bovine GH,
      and suggest its usefulness in the assessment of GH secretion and reserve in
      cattle.

PMID- 6428866
TI  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus
      and posterior pituitary of the goat, bovine, rat, monkey and human.
AB  - Goat hypothalamic extract prepared by HCl extraction and chromatographed on a
      Sephadex G-50 column showed two immunoreactive CRF peaks. Most of the
      immunoreactivity coeluted with synthetic ovine CRF, and a small peak eluted near
      the void volume. Bovine, monkey, rat and human hypothalamic extracts prepared by
      acid-acetone or acid-methanol extraction showed three immunoreactive peaks. Most
      of the immunoreactivity coeluted with ovine CRF, and other smaller peaks eluted
      near the void volume and slightly before arginine vasopressin. Goat hypothalamic
      extract showed the highest cross-reactivity with anti-ovine CRF serum, followed
      by bovine hypothalamic extract. Less cross-reactivity was found in human, rat and
      monkey hypothalamic extracts. CRF immunoreactivity in goat hypothalamic extract
      coeluted with ovine CRF on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) and main CRF immunoreactivity in human and rat hypothalamic extracts
      eluted slightly later than ovine CRF. These results suggest that there is a
      heterogeneity among the CRF molecules in these species and that goat CRF may be
      more similar to that of sheep CRF and the amino acid sequence or molecular weight
      of other animals CRF may be different from that of sheep CRF. The monkey
      posterior pituitary and rat neurointermediate lobe showed similar elution
      patterns of CRF immunoreactivity to their hypothalamic extracts on Sephadex gel
      filtration and HPLC. These results indicate that the posterior pituitary contains
      a similar CRF to hypothalamic CRF.

PMID- 6428867
TI  - Puberty due to ectopic HCG production in a girl with suprasellar ectopic
      pinealoma associated with panhypopituitarism.
AB  - A 13.5-year-old girl who developed puberty due to HCG production by suprasellar
      ectopic pinealoma was reported. This girl appeared to be in a state of precocious
      puberty at the age of 5 when ectopic pinealoma was first diagnosed. Her breasts
      started to develop at 13 years of age in spite of hypopituitarism. Plasma LH was
      found to increase for several months and gave rise to suspicion of the recurrence
      of the tumor, which was confirmed by the detection of HCG in plasma and CSF.
      Precocious puberty or puberty can be a characteristic endocrinological
      manifestation of an HCG producing tumor not only in boys but also in girls. The
      measurement of plasma HCG (or LH) can be a useful tumor marker in following the
      clinical course of an HCG producing tumor.

PMID- 6428868
TI  - Dissolution of biliary duct stones without papillotomy in a patient with Billroth
      II resection and Crohn's disease.
AB  - A patient with a Billroth II resection and Crohn's disease subsequently developed
      obstructive jaundice and biliary sepsis. Three hepatic duct stones were
      demonstrated by ERC. After overcoming the obstruction by means of temporary
      retrograde internal drainage, perfusion of glyceryl-1-monooctanoate-carnosine and
      bile-acid-EDTA solution (2) was combined with sucralfate instillation into the
      blind loop via a duodenal tube. During successful treatment of the
      cholangiolithiasis, no deterioration of Crohn's disease was seen. Secondary
      effects such as abdominal pain or diarrhoea, were treated symptomatically.

PMID- 6428869
TI  - Effects of mutagenized X chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster on viability and
      fitness in males.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster males were treated with different doses of X-rays or
      ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and mated so that mutagenized X chromosomes could be
      recovered and tested for lethal mutations and for less drastic mutations
      affecting viability and other aspects of fitness. The lethals were detected in
      standard X-linked lethal tests. The less drastic mutations were detected in one
      generation tests for effects on viability and in multigeneration tests for
      effects on overall fitness. The Poisson-corrected frequencies of the lethal
      mutations increased linearly with dose for both X-rays and EMS. Based on the
      data, 1 Krad X-rays given acutely induces the same number of lethals as 0.55 mM
      EMS administered by feeding. For some of the X-ray and EMS doses, the mutagenized
      chromosomes that were nonlethal reduced the viability of their carriers by a
      small amount, but there was no discernable dose-effect relationship. However in
      every case where a viability effect was seen, the percentage reduction was less
      than the corresponding frequency of lethals. All the groups of mutagenized
      nonlethal chromosomes reduced overall fitness by a significant percentage.
      Wherever a meaningful comparison was possible, this reduction was 2-3 times the
      reduction in viability, but, as in the viability data, no dose-effect
      relationship was discernable.

PMID- 6428870
TI  - Comparison of methods for detecting mitomycin C- and ethyl nitrosourea-induced
      germ cell damage in mice: sperm enzyme activities, sperm motility, and testis
      weight.
AB  - Testes weights, sperm motility and enzyme activities in single sperm were
      compared with respect to their ability to detect either developmental or
      mutational damage to germ cells. Male mice were injected i.p. with 2.5 mg/kg
      mitomycin C (MC) or 50 or 100 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea (ENU) or saline and were
      then killed at times such that sperm derived from treated vas sperm (SZ),
      spermatids (ST), preleptotene-late-spermatogonial cells (PLSG), spermatogonial
      cells (SG), or spermatogonial stem cells (SGS) could be evaluated. Testis weights
      decreased significantly as early as 1 wk after treatment, with the greatest
      decrease reached 3-4 wk after treatment, followed by recovery to normal levels 10
      15 wk after treatment. We conclude that testis weight, which is easily obtained,
      is a sensitive indicator of germ cell damage by these agents. Sperm from each
      animal were evaluated for sperm motility, acrosin activity, succinic
      dehydrogenase (SDH) activity with or without the competitive inhibitor malonate
      or after exposure to 60 degrees C for 10 min. The latter two assays were to
      detect sperm enzymes resistant to the inhibitor or heat. The presence of the
      acrosin protein was also detected immunologically. Sperm motility decreased most
      from treatment of PLSG and SG. After MC or ENU treatment, the greatest loss of
      acrosin activity and of the acrosin protein was also noted in sperm derived from
      treated PLSG and SG. MC and ENU failed to induce SDH activity in single sperm
      resistant to 60 degrees C heat inhibition or to inhibition by malonate. Of the
      sperm assays, acrosin activity proved to be the most sensitive indicator of germ
      cell damage and was the simplest to measure.

PMID- 6428871
TI  - Anaphase-telophase analysis of chromosomal damage induced by chemicals.
AB  - Three main aspects involved in the chemical induction of anaphase-telophase
      aberrations in the first mitosis after treatment were analyzed: 1) the
      relationship between the frequency of anaphase-telophase aberrations and the time
      of fixation after treatment; 2) the dose-response relationships; and 3) the
      proliferative rate of cells exposed to chemicals which interact with DNA by
      different mechanisms. Experiments were carried out using Chinese hamster ovary
      (CHO) cells. The compounds examined were adriamycin (ADR) and mitomycin C (MMC).
      The frequency of cells with chromatin bridges or with lagging chromosomes as well
      as the mitotic index was determined in each experiment. The results obtained
      showed that 1) chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes are apparently induced
      during the S period of the previous interphase; 2) the increase in the
      cytotoxicity index (inferred from the mitotic index) and the frequency of cells
      with chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes were proportional to the treatment
      lapse and to the dose employed; and 3) the effect of ADR on cell growth differs
      from the effect of MMC. While ADR decreased the mitotic activity of cells in
      logarithmic growth phase, MMC induced mitotic delay. In accordance with these
      results, the occurrence of chromatin bridges in anaphase-telophase could be
      explained by the induction of chromosome stickiness and, to a lesser extent, by
      the induction of exchange-type aberrations. On the other hand, lagging
      chromosomes seem to be the result of chromatid or chromosome breaks because the
      lagging chromosomes observed were primarily, if not all, fragments and not whole
      chromosomes. Our evaluation of the anaphase-telophase test indicates that it is
      very sensitive method for the detection of chemical clastogens, but other
      factors, such as mitotic depression, must be taken into account to avoid false
      negative results.

PMID- 6428872
TI  - Chelating agents and cadmium toxicity: problems and prospects.
AB  - Symptoms and signs in humans after excessive exposure to cadmium usually involve
      the gastrointestinal tract after single oral intake, the lung after acute
      inhalation, and the kidney after long-term exposure. These organs are usually
      considered to be the "critical" organs, i.e., the organs most sensitive at a
      certain type of exposure. The type of Cd-related damage that is most common in
      humans is probably the renal toxicity after long-term exposure. Most animal
      experiments, including the most recently published ones, have involved study of
      gross toxicity and tissue distribution after injection of cadmium in acute
      experiments. The observations in the older literature that the influence of
      chelating agents on Cd distribution and excretion is confined to the early period
      after acute Cd exposure has been confirmed and extended, and the relationship to
      the time course of metallothionein synthesis has been demonstrated. Although the
      injection experiments concerning cadmium distribution, particularly those
      employing repeated exposure, may furnish information that can form a basis for
      speculation about long-term toxicity to the kidney, there is a lack of direct
      studies in animals of possible beneficial effects of chelating agents on renal
      toxicity of cadmium after prolonged exposure. Among the few studies reported,
      either an increased renal toxicity or a lack of influence on renal toxicity has
      been observed. The problems in finding a treatment scheme that can be beneficial
      for the renal toxicity resulting from long-term cadmium exposure thus remain;
      however, the prospects of finding such schemes in the future seem favorable in
      view of some of the recent observations.

PMID- 6428873
TI  - Effects of chelating agents on oral uptake and renal deposition and excretion of
      cadmium.
AB  - The gastrointestinal absorption, transport, tissue deposition and excretion of
      cadmium was studied in adult male mice given a single oral LD50 dose of 109Cd
      labeled CdCl2 alone or in combination with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), sodium
      tripolyphosphate (STPP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Blood,
      intestinal mucosa, liver and kidneys were analyzed for 109Cd at different times
      after exposure and the influence of the chelating agents on Cd binding to
      metallothionein and other tissue ligands was also studied. Acute toxicity was
      noted. Complex formation between Cd and EDTA was studied in solutions containing
      Cd:EDTA at 1:04 and 1:4 molar ratios. Adult male mice were exposed orally or by
      direct infusion into the stomach to either of the two solutions (containing an
      LD50 dose of Cd). Body retention and tissue deposition of Cd was recorded after 4
      (direct infusion) or 21 days (oral exposure), and the mortality in different
      exposure groups observed. Adult male were also exposed to a low oral dose of
      109Cd-labeled cadmium (0.5 mg/kg), followed by 18 months continuous
      administration of NTA, (500 ppm) STPP (500 ppm) or EDTA (50 ppm) in the drinking
      water or the chelating agent in combination with Cd (50 ppm), Cd alone (50 ppm)
      or deionized water. Whole-body retention of 109Cd, tissue deposition of 109Cd and
      total Cd and development of proteinuria were observed. When cadmium was given
      with an excess of EDTA, all Cd ions were bound in a 1:1 Cd-EDTA complex.
      Decreased acute toxicity was observed which was related to increased body
      elimination of cadmium. The Cd passes though the body still bound to EDTA and is
      excreted via the kidneys in this form. Similar results were found in mice exposed
      to Cd + NTA, while gavage of CD + STPP led to an initially decreased systemic
      uptake of Cd and thereafter to a prolongation of the biological half-time and
      thus a comparatively higher body retention of the metal. Cd may form a 2:1
      complex with EDTA in the presence of excess cadmium. An increased retention and
      toxicity of cadmium was seen after direct infusion of this solution, while gavage
      resulted in a decreased toxicity. The effect of different chelating agents on
      acute cadmium toxicity and metabolism seemed to be due to changes in the
      stability of the administered chelate complexes, due to variation in pH and to
      the availability of metal binding ligands such as metallothionein in vivo. NTA,
      STPP and EDTA had no effect on the metabolism or toxicity of cadmium after long
      term low dose oral exposure.

PMID- 6428874
TI  - Gaseous oxide toxicity evaluated with cell monolayers on collagen-coated, gas
      permeable teflon membranes.
AB  - A system was developed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of gaseous oxides in
      vitro. Target cells were MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts cultivated as monolayers on
      gas-permeable , FEP-Teflon membranes. Membranes were secured in Chamber/Dishes
      with a 25 mm diameter well. To promote attachment of fibroblasts to the
      membranes, the latter were incubated in collagen ( Vitrogen ) solutions for 10
      min prior to plating the cells. The collagen pretreatment was significantly more
      effective than poly-L-lysine, fetal calf serum, polybrene and bovine serum
      albumin. Several types (mouse and calf) of acid-soluble and alcohol-soluble
      collagen fractions were evaluated, and all of them promoted cell attachment with
      equivalent efficiency. Cells on membranes were exposed to gases in a Plexiglass
      chamber with a gas flow of 2L/min. Sulfur dioxide caused a marked loss in cell
      viability (as indicated by ATP content of the monolayer) after 30 min exposure to
      0.01% and 0.005%. A level of 0.001% did not affect viability, and none of the
      levels tested caused a sloughing of the monolayer after 90 min. Nitrogen dioxide
      induced a more modest drop in cell viability after 30 min exposure to 0.1%, while
      0.005% and 0.05% were nontoxic. No cell sloughing occurred with NO2 exposures,
      and exposures to CO2 at levels of 20% for 90 min were nontoxic. This system, with
      cell culture monolayers on gas-permeable Teflon membranes, is simple and
      convenient. As such, it has potential application to cytotoxicity evaluations
      with numerous gases.

PMID- 6428875
TI  - State of research: environmental pathways and food chain transfer.
AB  - Data on the chemistry of biologically active components of petroleum, synthetic
      fuel oils, certain metal elements and pesticides provide valuable generic
      information needed for predicting the long-term fate of buried waste constituents
      and their likelihood of entering food chains. Components of such complex mixtures
      partition between solid and solution phases, influencing their mobility,
      volatility and susceptibility to microbial transformation. Estimating health
      hazards from indirect exposures to organic chemicals involves an ecosystem's
      approach to understanding the unique behavior of complex mixtures. Metabolism by
      microbial organisms fundamentally alters these complex mixtures as they move
      through food chains. Pathway modeling of organic chemicals must consider the
      nature and magnitude of food chain transfers to predict biological risk where
      metabolites may become more toxic than the parent compound. To obtain
      predictions, major areas are identified where data acquisition is essential to
      extend our radiological modeling experience to the field of organic chemical
      contamination.

PMID- 6428876
TI  - Pulmonary biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins and related substances.
AB  - On passage through the lung vascular bed, prostaglandins are removed from the
      circulation by a transport carrier and subsequently inactivated by intracellular
      enzymes. However, PGI2 is not inactivated by the lung in vivo. Although PGI2 is
      an excellent substrate for the intracellular enzymes in vitro, PGI2 is not a
      substrate for the carrier system. Thus, the transport carrier determines which
      circulating prostaglandin is inactivated by the pulmonary vascular bed. Also, the
      lung has a high capacity for forming prostaglandins from arachidonic acid.
      Considerable differences exist between species in relation to amount and specific
      prostaglandin formed as determined by incubation of 11C-PGH2 with pulmonary
      microsomes. The pulmonary biosynthesis and metabolism of these prostaglandins and
      related substances are discussed.

PMID- 6428877
TI  - Collagen biosynthesis.
AB  - Collagen is the major structural protein of the lung. At least five genetically
      distinct collagen types have been identified in lung tissue. However, the precise
      role of collagen in nonrespiratory lung function is not well understood, in part
      because of the difficulties inherent in studying lung collagen, regardless of the
      type of assay used. A major problem is the insolubility of lung collagen;
      generally less than 20% of total lung collagen can be solubilized as intact
      chains, even with harsh extraction procedures. Since such collagen may not be
      representative of total lung collagen, errors in quantitating collagen types, for
      example, may arise from using such material. Measurement of total lung collagen
      content may also pose problems, unless appropriate parameters of normalization
      are chosen. Biopsy dry weight, protein content, and DNA content, for example, may
      all change in certain disease states. Despite these difficulties, a number of
      changes in lung collagen have been documented in experimental pulmonary fibrosis,
      including increased collagen content, increased collagen synthesis rates, and
      changes in collagen type ratios. Many questions remain. For example, why do
      diverse toxic substances appear to cause essentially the same fibrotic response,
      even though initial sites of damage may vary? Conversely, why do similar toxic
      substances, such as ozone and NO2, cause diverse responses (fibrosis and
      emphysema, respectively)? Much work remains to be done to elucidate the
      mechanisms underlying the lung's choice of response.

PMID- 6428879
TI  - The acute inflammatory process, arachidonic acid metabolism and the mode of
      action of anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid covalently bound in esterified
      form in the cell membranes of most body cells. Following irritation or injury,
      arachidonic acid is released and oxygenated by enzyme systems leading to the
      formation of an important group of inflammatory mediators, the eicosanoids. It is
      now recognised that eicosanoid release is fundamental to the inflammatory
      process. For example, the prostaglandins and other prostanoids, products of the
      cyclooxygenase enzyme pathway, have potent inflammatory properties and
      prostaglandin E2 is readily detectable in equine acute inflammatory exudates. The
      administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs results in inhibition of
      prostaglandin synthesis and this explains the mode of action of agents such as
      phenylbutazone and flunixin. Lipoxygenase enzymes metabolise arachidonic acid to
      a group of noncyclised eicosanoids, the leukotrienes, some of which are also
      important inflammatory mediators. They are probably of particular importance in
      leucocyte-mediated aspects of chronic inflammation. Currently available non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, however, do not inhibit lipoxygenase activity.
      In the light of recent evidence, the inflammatory process is re-examined and the
      important emerging roles of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase derived
      eicosanoids are explored. The mode of action of current and future anti
      inflammatory drugs offered to the equine clinician can be explained by their
      interference with arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6428878
TI  - The human lung mast cell.
AB  - Mast cells are present in human lung tissue, pulmonary epithelium, and free in
      the bronchial lumen. By virtue of their location and their possession of specific
      receptors for IgE and complement fragments, these cells are sentinel cells in
      host defense. The preformed granular mediators and newly generated lipid
      mediators liberated upon activation of mast cells by a variety of secretagogues
      supply potent vasoactive-spasmogenic mediators, chemotactic factors, active
      enzymes, and proteoglycans to the local environment. These factors acting
      together induce an immediate response manifest as edema, smooth muscle
      constriction, mucus production, and cough. Later these mediators and those
      provided from plasma and leukocytes generate a tissue infiltrate of inflammatory
      cells and more prolonged vasoactive-bronchospastic responses. Acute and prolonged
      responses may be homeostatic and provide for defense of the host, but if
      excessive in degree or duration may provide a chronic inflammatory substrate upon
      which such disorders as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis may ensue.

PMID- 6428880
TI  - Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in conscious laterally recumbent
      ponies.
AB  - Six adult ponies were trained calmly to assume and maintain left lateral
      recumbency without the use of sedative or immobilising agents. During a 30 min
      recumbent period, pHa, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PaO2 and
      PaCO2) and heart and respiratory rates were monitored at regular intervals to
      evaluate ventilatory response. Overall, there were no statistically significant
      differences found between mean control and recumbent or final standing values.
      When lightweight ponies were compared to heavyweight ponies, only mean PaO2 at 10
      mins recumbency was different. This information supports the hypothesis that
      ventilation impairment during the first 30 mins of equine general anesthesia is
      primarily drug-mediated, rather than initiated by recumbency per se.

PMID- 6428881
TI  - Blood metabolite profiles of broodmares and foals.
AB  - Serum amino acid profiles and other serum characteristics of broodmares and their
      foals wee studied. Compared with mares, foals had significantly higher
      concentrations of serum leucine, threonine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic
      acid, glutamine, proline and tyrosine, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine and
      phosphorus. Foals had significantly less serum histidine, glycine, cystine,
      taurine, protein and urea nitrogen. Lysine and/or methionine supplementation of
      pregnant and lactating broodmare diets were conducted. Changes in serum amino
      acid profiles caused by dietary amino acid supplemented were then quantified.
      Changes in concentrations of 19 amino acids as well as of ammonia occurred from
      the first bleeding period (12 weeks prepartum) to the second bleeding period
      (seven weeks prepartum) in mares supplemented with methionine. When blood samples
      were collected at 2 h intervals post feeding, after a preliminary rise, a large
      decrease in serum amino acid levels occurred over a 19 h pot feeding period.

PMID- 6428882
TI  - Allelic exclusion in rat kappa immunoglobulin chains: extent of Jk rearrangement
      in normal B lymphocytes.
AB  - The frequency of normal rat peripheral B lymphocytes stained for surface
      immunoglobulin kappa allotypes a and b in (a X b) F1 heterozygotes was assessed
      by two-colour immunofluorescence on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The
      upper limit to the frequency of double- stainers was 8% among all kappa-positive
      cells, though it was not resolved how far cytophilic antibody accounted for
      these. Cells expressing each allotype singly were isolated and the extent of
      rearrangement of the genes encoding the joining-kappa segment on the expressed
      and non-expressed chromosome were independently assessed. The expressed allele
      was found to be virtually completely rearranged while the non-expressed allele
      showed approximately 45-60% rearrangement. The implications of this substantial
      non-productive rearrangement for models of allelic exclusion are discussed.

PMID- 6428883
TI  - Changes in erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity due to physical exercise.
AB  - Changes in erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (RBC-CA) activity due to physical
      exercise were investigated using a measuring apparatus based on the electrometric
      method. RBC-CA activities were slightly changed due to transient aerobic (20-min
      run) or anaerobic (200-m run) exercise in moderately trained subjects, but there
      were no fixed trends. In 3 weeks of weight training, there were no differences in
      RBC-CA activities between before training and after 1 day of recovery in both
      trained and untrained subjects. However, after 1 week of recovery, RBC-CA
      activities slightly decreased in both types of subjects. The trained subjects
      showed higher levels of RBC-CA activity than the untrained subjects before and
      after training. The rest values of RBC-CA activity were higher in trained
      subjects than in untrained subjects. It was evident that RBC-CA activities were
      higher in subjects (especially in long-distance runners, swimmers etc.) who had
      undergone long-term strenuous aerobic training.

PMID- 6428884
TI  - The effect of exercise training on glycogen, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase
      in muscle and liver.
AB  - It is thought that exercise training in both man and the rat results in a
      protective effect against the depletion of carbohydrate stores during exercise
      (glycogen-sparing). However there has been no comprehensive study of the effects
      of training on glycogen anabolic and catabolic enzymes with liver or muscle. The
      aim of this study was to examine whether changes in these enzymes occur and
      whether these changes may provide an explanation for the glycogen-sparing which
      results from exercise training. Male rats were trained by a treadmill running
      program at three different workloads. In addition, there were three control
      groups: free eating (SF), food restricted (SR), and one SF with a single bout of
      exercise prior to sacrifice. Exercise training was associated with a 60-150%
      increase in glycogen synthase and phosphorylase and a 50-70% increase in glycogen
      content in soleus, an intermediate muscle, but not in extensor digitorum longus
      (EDL), a white muscle nor in liver. The increase in glycogen synthase and
      phosphorylase in intermediate muscle was proportional to the degree of training
      and there was a significant correlation between glycogen content, glycogen
      synthase, and phosphorylase activity in intermediate muscle. Cytochrome c oxidase
      activity, an indicator of respiratory capacity, increased 50% in gastrocnemius of
      trained rats and was significantly correlated with glycogen synthase and
      phosphorylase in soleus. These results indicate a significant effect of exercise
      training on glycogen anabolic and catabolic enzymes in intermediate muscle, with
      no significant effects in white muscle or liver. The changes do not provide an
      explanation for glycogen-sparing, but are consistent with improved capacity of
      intermediate muscle for rapid glycogen mobilisation and repletion.

PMID- 6428885
TI  - Rabbit pepsinogens. Purification, characterization, analysis of the conversion
      process to pepsin and determination of the NH2-terminal amino-acid sequences.
AB  - Six pepsinogens were purified from the gastric mucosa of adult rabbits by
      chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephacel and Sephadex G-150. They were
      designed as pepsinogen I, pepsinogens II-1, II-2, II-3, and II-4, and pepsinogen
      III, based on their chromatographic behaviors. Each pepsinogen was converted to
      pepsin at pH 2.0 and 14 degrees C. The resulting pepsins had roughly similar
      enzymatic properties. However, activation processes appeared to differ
      significantly among them. Pepsinogen I was converted to an active intermediate
      form by sequentially releasing the NH2-terminal 25 or 26 residues. This active
      form was fairly stable and no further conversion occurred on further incubation
      for several hours. Pepsinogens II were converted to pepsins partly sequentially
      through intermediate forms and partly directly releasing the NH2-terminal 44
      residues as a single intact polypeptide. Pepsinogen III appeared to be converted
      to pepsin directly without forming intermediate species. The amino acid sequences
      of the activation segments of these pepsinogens were determined together with the
      sequences in the NH2-terminal regions of the resulting pepsins. Five distinct
      sequences were identified, indicating that most of these pepsinogens are the
      products of different genes.

PMID- 6428886
TI  - Prolipoprotein modification and processing in Escherichia coli. A unique
      secondary structure in prolipoprotein signal sequence for the recognition by
      glyceryl transferase.
AB  - An Escherichia coli mutant (lpp-14-1), with an alteration of glycine to aspartic
      acid at the 14th amino acid residue of the prolipoprotein signal sequence, has
      previously been shown to contain unmodified and unprocessed prolipoprotein in its
      cell envelope. Both the wild-type and the lpp-14-1 alleles of the lpp gene have
      been cloned onto a phage lambda vector. Two pseudorevertant alleles of lpp-14-1
      (14R21 and 6a) have been isolated, cloned and sequenced. Amino acid sequences,
      deduced from the DNA sequences of the two revertant lipoprotein alleles, and
      biochemical characterization of the revertant lipoproteins, show that a
      conversion of the aspartic acid (residue 14) to asparagine completely restores
      the modification and processing of the 14R21 revertant prolipoprotein, while a
      change of the threonine-16 to isoleucine-16 partially enhances the modification
      and processing of the 6a prolipoprotein, which retains the aspartate-14
      substitution. Secondary structure analysis of the revertant prolipoprotein signal
      sequences according to the Chou and Fasman rules revealed that the specific coil
      region in residues 14 and 15, and the beta-sheet structure in residues 16-18 of
      signal sequence may be important for prolipoprotein modification. These results
      suggest essential roles of both a unique secondary structure and hydrophobicity
      in residues 14-18 of prolipoprotein signal sequence for the proper recognition by
      the glyceryl transferase.

PMID- 6428887
TI  - Occurrence of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in prokaryote cells.
      Characterization of the enzyme from Alcaligenes faecalis and role of the enzyme
      in the activated methyl cycle.
AB  - The occurrence of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) was found in a
      variety of prokaryotes. These prokaryotes did not exhibit any activities of S
      adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9) and S-ribosyl-homocysteine
      hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.3), which had been the generally accepted prokaryote enzymes
      for the regeneration of free homocysteine from S-adenosylhomocysteine in the
      activated methyl cycle. In these prokaryotes S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase was
      suggested to be the only enzyme functioning for the regeneration of free
      homocysteine by enzymological and immunochemical studies. S-Adenosylhomocysteine
      hydrolase was purified and crystallized from cells of a prokaryote, Alcaligenes
      faecalis. The purified enzyme was found to be homogeneous on ultracentrifugation
      and gel electrophoresis. Its relative molecular mass is approximately 280 000 and
      it is composed of six identical subunits with a Mr of approximately 48 000. The
      NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal amino acids are lysine and tyrosine respectively.
      The enzyme contains 6 mol NAD/mol. Some nucleosides, such as formycin A,
      nebularine, adenosine N1-oxide and so on, are able to substitute for adenosine
      yielding the corresponding S-nucleosidylhomocysteine congeners. Modification of
      the 5'-hydroxymethyl group in adenosine leads to the most potent inhibition of
      the thioether formation of homocysteine with adenosine. The enzyme from A.
      faecalis has some immunological similarities to other prokaryote S
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases, but is different from the enzymes of animal
      sources.

PMID- 6428888
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for vimentin.
AB  - Previously described vimentin monoclonal antibodies recognize other cellular or
      intermediate filament proteins in addition to vimentin. In contrast the set of
      murine monoclonal antibodies described here and elicited using porcine vimentin
      as antigen appear specific for vimentin. All seven antibodies react only with
      vimentin in "immunoblot" analysis on gel electrophoretically separated
      polypeptides from total cell extracts. They do not recognize other closely
      related intermediate filament proteins including desmin and GFA (glial fibrillary
      acidic protein). Immunofluorescence microscopy on tissue sections shows a
      positive reaction in connective tissue, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle
      cells and astrocytes. Typical intermediate filament profiles are documented in
      fibroblasts and in other cultured cells known to contain vimentin. Although all
      antibodies react with human and porcine vimentin some show species-specific
      restriction when rat, mouse and chicken vimentin are used. These results,
      together with different IgG types and certain aspects of the staining patterns,
      allow a subdivision of the antibodies. The vimentin antibodies described here
      complete a set of monoclonal antibodies each specific for only one intermediate
      filament protein type. Their reaction on human material allows their use in
      pathology to determine the histogenetic origin of neoplasms.

PMID- 6428889
TI  - Dynamics of the nuclear envelope and of nuclear pore complexes during mitosis in
      the Drosophila embryo.
AB  - Early embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster is marked by a series of
      thirteen very rapid (10-15 min) and highly synchronous nuclear divisions, the
      last four of which occur just beneath the embryo surface. A total of some 6000
      blastoderm nuclei result, which are subsequently enclosed by furrow membranes to
      form the cellular blastoderm. We have examined the fine structure of nuclear
      division in late syncytial embryos. The mitotic spindle forms adjacent to the
      nuclear envelope on the side facing the embryo surface. During prophase, astral
      microtubules deform the nuclear envelope which then ruptures at the poles at the
      onset of prometaphase. The nuclear envelope remains essentially intact elsewhere
      throughout mitosis. A second envelope begins to form around the nuclear envelope
      in prometaphase and is completed by metaphase; the entire double layered
      structure, referred to as the spindle envelope, persists through early in the
      ensuing interphase. Pole cell spindles are enclosed by identical spindle
      envelopes. Interphase and prophase nuclei contain nuclear pore complexes (PCs) of
      standard dimensions and morphology. In prometaphase PCs become much less electron
      dense, although they retain their former size and shape. By metaphase, no
      semblance of PC structure remains, and instead, both layers of the spindle
      envelope are interrupted by numerous irregular fenestrae. PCs are presumably
      disassembled into their component parts during mitosis, and reassembled
      subsequently. Yolk nuclei remain among the central yolk mass when most nuclei
      migrate to the surface, cease to divide, yet become polyploid. These nuclei
      nonetheless lose and regain PCs in synchrony with the dividing blastoderm nuclei.
      In addition, they gain and lose a second fenestrated membrane layer with the same
      timing. Cytoplasmic membranes containing PCs (annulate lamellae) also lose and
      regain pores in synchrony with the two classes of nuclear envelopes. The factors
      that affect the integrity of PCs in dividing blastoderm nuclei appear to affect
      those in other membrane systems to an equivalent degree and with identical
      timing.

PMID- 6428890
TI  - Endocytosis of cationic ferritin by bean leaf protoplasts.

PMID- 6428891
TI  - Use of specific antibody for rapid clearance of circulating blood background from
      radiolabeled tumor imaging proteins.
AB  - A major problem that arises when radiolabeled serum proteins are used for tumor
      imaging is the presence of a large amount of circulating background activity that
      persists for several days. This delays imaging for at least 2 days following
      injection and necessitates computer subtraction of simulated background (second
      radiopharmaceutical injection) which introduces artifacts that are difficult to
      control. We propose here the injection of specific antibody immediately before
      imaging as an alternate way of reducing blood background through clearance of the
      immune complex by the liver. 111In-alkyl human transferrin and IgG were injected
      IV in BALB/c tumor mice, and followed in 18 h by anti-human transferrin and anti
      human IgG antibody IV. Two hours later, the tumor and organ distribution of
      activity was compared with control mice not receiving antibody. 111In-transferrin
      blood activity was reduced to 1/48 of control with no decrease in tumor
      concentration: as a result, the tumor to blood ratio increased from 1.4:1 to
      78:1. 111In-IgG blood activity was reduced to 1/17 of control, again with no
      decrease in tumor. The tumor to blood ratios increased from 0.7:1 to 17:1. The
      liver picked up most of the blood activity with none of the complex going to
      spleen, bone marrow, or kidney. Dog experiments showed clearance of blood was 90%
      complete in less than 15 min following antibody injection. Simultaneous
      scintillation images showed complete clearance of activity from the heart and
      great vessels in the chest and neck, and over the abdomen, with a concomitant
      increase in liver activity but no increase in spleen, kidney, or bone marrow
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428892
TI  - Growth hormone studies in lysinuric protein intolerance.
AB  - Our two patients with lysinuric protein intolerance, a 14-year-old boy and his 12
      year-old sister, showed growth retardation and their bone ages were retarded.
      Growth hormone secretion responded to glucagon-propranolol and showed a good
      response to arginine. However, growth hormone showed little response to insulin.
      After the oral administration of arginine hydrochloride, growth hormone showed a
      good response to insulin and glucagon-propranolol, and gain in height and weight
      accelerated. This result may suggest that an adequate supply of arginine is
      effective in improving the growth retardation in lysinuric protein intolerance.

PMID- 6428893
TI  - Adriamycin and mitomycin C as initial chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Adriamycin and mitomycin C in combination have been tested in the treatment of
      advanced breast cancer. In an initial pilot study 11 heavily pretreated patients
      received mitomycin C alone and 2 (18%) achieved partial responses. Subsequently,
      27 patients who had not received prior chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
      were treated with adriamycin 40 mg/m2 + mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks.
      Six (22%) achieved complete and 10 (37%) achieved partial responses, giving an
      objective regression frequency of 59%. The median duration of response was 37
      weeks (range 8-55+ weeks).

PMID- 6428894
TI  - Effects of disodium etidronate in murine tumor models.
AB  - This study was designed to elucidate the effect of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1
      diphosphonate (EHDP) in experimental rodent tumors. EHDP had no antitumor
      activity against the L1210 leukemia implanted i.p. and against sarcoma 180, Lewis
      lung carcinoma (3LL) and Walker 256/B carcinoma injected i.p., s.c. or i.m.
      respectively. EHDP did not interfere with the antitumor activity of commonly used
      conventional chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5
      fluorouracil, bis-chloroethylnitrosourea) in the L1210 and 3LL models. EHDP
      reduced proportionally to the dose the hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria due to
      the Walker 256/B carcinoma growth. In an effort to evaluate whether EHDP-treated
      osseous tissues were more refractory to tumor growth, cells from sarcoma 180 and
      3LL carcinoma were implanted intratibially (i.t.). Growth of 3LL cells was not
      consistently affected by EHDP, whereas a modest, but significant, growth
      inhibition was consistently observed with sarcoma 180 injected i.t. Growth of
      sarcoma 180 implanted i.p. or s.c. was not reduced by this drug, thus suggesting
      that inhibition of i.t. sarcoma 180 was in fact related to alterations of osseous
      tissues by EHDP. Inoculation of Walker 256/B carcinoma intra-aortically resulted
      in osteolytic bone lesions in the hind limbs. EHDP inhibited the formation of
      bone metastasis under these conditions.

PMID- 6428895
TI  - The chemosensitivity of a new experimental model--the M5076 reticulum cell
      sarcoma.
AB  - The M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma is a murine tumour of potential value in
      experimental chemotherapy. Experiments were conducted to ascertain the growth
      characteristics and chemosensitivity of this neoplasm in the BDF1 mouse. The
      intramuscular tumour proved to be responsive to the alkylating agents,
      nitrosoureas, procarbazine, DTIC and treosulphan, yet insensitive to the
      antimetabolites and only weakly responsive to adriamycin. Analogues of the
      antitumour agents hexamethylmelamine and N-methylformamide were tested against
      this neoplasm. The patterns of activity determined for these analogues against
      this tumour were identical to those previously reported against other model
      systems.

PMID- 6428896
TI  - Blood flow and reactivity to noradrenaline in induced and autotransplanted DMBA
      rat mammary neoplasia.
AB  - Blood flow during the 'resting condition' and during noradrenaline infusion was
      compared by means of a microsphere tracer technique in induced DMBA-tumours along
      the mammary ridge and in autotransplanted tumours, as well as in abdominal skin,
      skeletal muscle, liver and kidneys. During 'resting conditions' the blood flow of
      tumours transplanted into skeletal muscle of the hindlimb, liver and kidney was
      similar to that of the non-transplanted tumours present along the mammary ridges.
      A pronounced decrease of blood flow upon moderate noradrenaline infusion was
      characteristic of autotransplanted as well as non-transplanted tumours, which
      contrasted to the insignificant reaction of skeletal muscle. The striking
      similarities in blood flow and reactivity of non-transplanted DMBA tumours and
      autotransplanted ones, and the dissimilarities of the transplanted tumours and
      the hosting tissues, favour the idea that these tumours regulate their blood
      supply irrespective of host tissue.

PMID- 6428897
TI  - Effect of carbamazepine on haem biosynthesis in man.
AB  - The effects of the enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant carbamazepine on haem
      biosynthesis in healthy male subjects is reported. A dose-dependent increase in
      the activity of leucocyte delta-aminolaevulinic-acid synthase, the rate-limiting
      enzyme of haem biosynthesis, was noted following 400 and 600 mg carbamazepine
      daily in the same eight subjects. This rise was maximal after 1 week's treatment
      (400 mg: 509% +/- 285 of baseline; 600 mg: 1062% +/- 170 of baseline; P less than
      0.01). Values fell from this peak during the second week despite continuing
      carbamazepine administration. This pattern was confirmed in a further six
      subjects taking carbamazepine 400 mg daily for 3 weeks in whom more frequent
      enzyme measurements were made. The activity of uroporphyrinogen-1-synthase in the
      erythrocyte fell by 10-15% during the treatment periods (P less than 0.01).
      Uroporphyrin and penta-, hexa- and hepta-carboxylic porphyrins appeared in the
      urine of all subjects during CBZ therapy. Changes in daily urinary porphyrin and
      precursor excretion were inconsistent. CBZ is a porphyrinogenic drug which mimics
      the changes in enzyme activities and urinary porphyrin ester profile found in
      patients with latent acute intermittent porphyria, who have a genetic deficiency
      in uroporphyrinogen-1-synthase activity. Leucocyte delta-aminolaevulinic-acid
      synthase may provide a suitable in vivo system for testing the porphyrinogenicity
      of drugs in man.

PMID- 6428898
TI  - Vagal influence on exocrine pancreas of alcohol-fed and of normal dogs.
AB  - A histochemical study has indicated increased activity of acetylcholine in the
      pancreas of chronic alcoholic dogs, and we have recently reported decrease
      pancreatic responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation in such dogs. This prompted
      us to determine, in chronic alcoholic dogs, the net pancreatic response to
      stimulation mediated by cholinergic nerves. Therefore, the pancreatic response to
      vagal stimulation by intravenous 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) infusion was examined in
      such dogs and in controls. After 2DG, 100 mg kg-1, significant and similar
      increases in protein output up to maximally 2.7 +/- 0.8 and 2.3 +/- 0.5 mg kg-1
      (15 min)-1 were observed in control and alcohol-treated dogs. A significant rise
      in flow rate and HCO-3 output up to maximally 0.26 +/- 0.07 ml kg-1 (15 min)-1
      and 43 +/- 13 mumol kg-1 (15 min)-1, respectively, occurred in the controls but
      was delayed in the alcoholics. The finding in alcoholic dogs of no change in
      protein response to 2DG is not in favour of a primary increase of vagally
      mediated pancreatic protein secretion. It could, however, be compatible with a
      primary increase in cholinergic receptor resistance due to alcohol and secondary
      adaptive increase in cholinergic activities, which when combined, would yield no
      net change of the cholinergically mediated protein response.

PMID- 6428899
TI  - Effects on renal tubular protein reabsorption of the infusion of free
      haemoglobin.
AB  - Hydroxy-ethyl-starch cryopreserved blood with a mean free haemoglobin content of
      260 mumol/l (SD 57 mumol/l) was infused into five normal volunteers. The renal
      clearance of six proteins of differing molecular weight was measured together
      with an analysis of the qualitative changes in protein excretion during the
      infusion and over the following 48 h. Other aspects of renal tubular function
      were assessed by the measurement of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase,
      phosphate and amino acids. Increased clearance of low molecular weight proteins
      and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase occurred during the 12 h following infusion.
      beta 2 microglobulin clearance X 10(3) creatinine clearance rose from a mean of
      0.4 (SD 0.1) to a mean of 74.5 (SD 32.3) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from
      54.2 units/mmol creatinine (SD 18.0) to 1525 units/mmol creatinine (SD 2318).
      Increased amounts of low molecular weight proteins were detected in the urine by
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Creatinine clearance remained unaltered. It is
      argued that these changes may be caused by the competitive inhibition of low
      molecular weight protein reabsorption in the renal tubule by filtered
      haemoglobin.

PMID- 6428900
TI  - Effects of plasma infusion on plasma lipids, apoproteins and plasma enzyme
      activities in familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency.
AB  - The siblings presented here are the third family found in Japan with familial
      LCAT deficiency. Their post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic
      triglyceride lipase activities were measured selectively by an immunochemical
      method. Plasma triglyceride levels were elevated, and post-heparin plasma
      lipoprotein lipase was decreased only in a patient with nephropathy, while
      hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were within reference limits in both
      patients. The plasma concentrations of apo A-I, apo A-II, and apo B were reduced
      in both patients. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of apo E was
      markedly increased. Enzyme replacement therapy by plasma transfusion in the
      propositus resulted in marked improvement of deranged compositions of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Also, improvement of the plasma apo E
      concentration was demonstrated, while the improvement of post-heparin lipase did
      not occur. These results suggest that LCAT may play an important physiological
      role in triglyceride metabolism as well as in cholesterol metabolism.

PMID- 6428901
TI  - Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, prostaglandins F2 alpha and I2, on isolated
      coeliac and basilar arteries of alloxan-diabetic dogs.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors PGF2 alpha and PGI2 on the
      tone of isolated basilar and coeliac arteries were studied in healthy and alloxan
      diabetic dogs. PGF2 alpha (1 mumol 1-1) produced a significantly higher tone in
      diabetic basilar arteries (1.15 +/- 0.16 mN) than in normal cerebral vessels (0.7
      +/- 0.10 mN). By contrast, the contractile responses of normal and diabetic
      coeliac arteries to PGF2 alpha did not differ. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors
      indomethacin (3 mumol 1-1) and suprofen (0.58 mumol 1-1) potentiated the PGF2
      alpha-evoked contractions in all of the vessels studied. The percent potentiation
      was greater (50-60%) in the basilar arteries from alloxan-treated dogs than in
      normal basilar vessels (22-30%). There was not such a difference between diabetic
      and normal coeliac arteries. Prostacyclin produced a concentration-related
      relaxation in the presence of indomethacin or indomethacin + PGF2 alpha. The
      relaxant potencies of PGI2 were similar in the vessels from metabolically healthy
      and diabetic dogs. The IC50 values for PGI2 were 11.6 +/- 1.3 and 11.8 +/- 1.8
      nmol 1-1 in normal and diabetic basilar arteries, respectively; they were 25.4 +/
      3.2 and 26.2 +/- 3.9 nmol 1-1 in control and alloxan-treated coeliac vessels.
      These results indicate that normal and diabetic vessels may have differential
      reactivity to cyclooxygenase inhibitors, this difference being dependent on the
      vascular region.

PMID- 6428902
TI  - Immunochemical studies on an IgG lambda cryoglobulin in cold-induced urticaria.
AB  - A type I cryoglobulinaemia associated with cold-induced urticaria was
      demonstrated in a 64-year-old woman without primary disease. The cryoglobulin
      contained only IgG lambda as disclosed by immunofixation technique. Different
      physicochemical studies indicated that the IgG lambda component was monomeric at
      temperatures above 35 degrees C, but became polymerized below 35 degrees C. In
      addition crossed immunoelectrophoresis of plasma fibronectin from the patient
      showed a heterogeneous precipitate at low temperatures but a homogeneous
      precipitate at 25 degrees C indicating a complex formation at low temperature
      between IgG lambda and fibronectin. Fibronectin, however, was not essential for
      the cold precipitation of the cryoglobulin. The precipitation phenomenon at low
      temperatures was found to be a result of the physicochemical properties of the
      cryoglobulin itself unrelated to the antibody specificities tested. The
      importance of performing the immunochemical and physicochemical techniques at low
      temperature (7 degrees C) and at high temperature (35 degrees C) to gain
      knowledge of the nature of the protein, is emphasized. We conclude that only
      results obtained by relevant laboratory procedures might lead to correct
      classification and understanding of cryoglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6428903
TI  - Renal glucose transport after kidney transplantation.
AB  - Tubular maximal transport of glucose (TmG), plasma glucose threshold ( PGT ) and
      fractional maximal tubular reabsorption (TmG/GFR) were measured in fourteen
      kidney-grafted patients. Seven patients showed decreased PGT and normal or
      decreased TmG/GFR (type A or B renal glycosuria (RG) ), whereas seven other
      patients showed normal values. No difference was found between the two groups
      with respect to parameters of renal function and to clinical parameters
      characterizing kidney transplantation. The only difference observed between the
      two groups was the rate of decrease of plasma creatinine levels during the 1st
      week after transplantation: it was faster in the group without renal glycosuria.
      No difference was seen between the two groups of patients with respect to the
      number of rejection episodes occurred over the first 12 months.

PMID- 6428904
TI  - Factors affecting the concentration of free holo retinol-binding protein in human
      plasma.
AB  - The total concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin were
      determined in plasma from twenty healthy men and sixty patients with various
      inflammatory conditions. These concentrations were all strongly correlated to
      each other and lower in the patient group. The concentration of free (not
      prealbumin-bound) holo retinol-binding protein, the presumed 'active' supplier of
      retinol to the tissues, was calculated. It was found not to be decreased in the
      patient group. Of the measured total concentrations and their possible ratios in
      the whole material, the retinol/prealbumin ratio showed the strongest correlation
      to the concentration of free holo retinol-binding protein. The importance of the
      concentration of free holo retinol-binding protein for the vitamin A supply to
      the cells was supported by calculations on data from the literature showing that
      this concentration better than the above-mentioned total concentrations
      distinguished between patients with normal and abnormal dark adaptation ability.

PMID- 6428905
TI  - Effect of short-term treatment with bezafibrate and fenofibrate on biliary lipid
      metabolism in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Sixteen patients with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia were treated with
      the clofibrate analogues, bezafibrate or fenofibrate. Serum lipids and lipid
      composition of gallbladder bile were measured before and after 3-4 weeks of
      treatment. Both bezafibrate and fenofibrate reduced serum lipids effectively but
      increased the lithogenic index of bile from 1.11 to 1.47 and 1.25 to 1.80 (P less
      than 0.01), respectively, by increasing molar percent of cholesterol and
      decreasing molar percent of bile acids. Measurements of biliary lipid secretion
      in three patients before and after bezafibrate administration revealed a marked
      and significant increase in cholesterol secretion (from 119 to 166, from 58 to
      128, and from 149 to 172 mumol h-1, respectively; P less than 0.05) without
      altering bile acid and phospholipid output. These results indicate that
      bezafibrate and fenofibrate exhibit the same effect on biliary lipid metabolism
      as clofibrate and might therefore induce cholesterol gallstone disease.

PMID- 6428906
TI  - Lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with early primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - In twelve females with early forms of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) serum
      lipoproteins, the intravenous fat tolerance test ( IVFTT ) and the lecithin:
      cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) rate were determined and compared to healthy
      controls. The cholestatic LDL (LP-X) test was negative in all cases. PBC patients
      had lower very low density lipoprotein TG concentrations than controls and had
      levels of (high-density lipoprotein) HDL-TG, -cholesterol and -phospholipids that
      were about 50% higher than in controls. In PBC the HDL2-cholesterol concentration
      was double but the HDL3-cholesterol concentration was 60% of control values (P
      less than 0.001 for both). The LCAT rate and the IVFTT value did not differ
      between the groups. A typical finding on agarose gel electrophoresis was the
      appearance of a slow-moving alpha-band. Several interpretations of these results
      are possible. In PBC the hepatic lipase activity may be impaired leading to a
      shift of the HDL2/HDL3 relation. The transport of HDL2 to the liver lipase site
      may also be affected and HDL3 production reduced due to malabsorption in the
      intestine.

PMID- 6428907
TI  - Effect of long-term starvation on acetate and ketone body metabolism in obese
      patients.
AB  - The turnover of ketone bodies and acetate was evaluated as well from the
      disappearance rate of (3-14C)acetoacetate or (1-14C)acetate respectively as from
      the conversion of FFA into these metabolites in normal weight and obese overnight
      fasted and in obese long-term starved patients. The disappearance rate of (1
      14C)oleate was the same in all three groups. Long-term starvation enhanced ketone
      body turn-over almost 10-fold, whereas the disappearance rate for ketone bodies
      decreased from 0.035 to 0.015 min-1. Under the same circumstances the turnover of
      acetate was about 1 mumol g-1 min-1 accounting for about 5% of FFA turnover. Long
      term starvation decreased the conversion of (1-14C)oleate into triglycerides by
      almost 50% and increased the (2-C)-(4-C)/(1-C) ratio of radioactivity in ketone
      bodies. The reincorporation of radioactivity from the (1-C)position of (1
      14C)oleate into the ( (2-C)-(n-C) ) position of FFA, which is a measure of the
      reutilization of acetyl-CoA for FFA synthesis decreased significantly during long
      term starvation.

PMID- 6428908
TI  - Increased production of platelet thromboxane B2 in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes. Relationship to vascular complications.
AB  - Platelet thromboxane B2 production was studied in forty-seven non-insulin
      dependent diabetics by incubating platelets with increasing concentrations of
      arachidonic acid. In comparison with thirty-two healthy subjects, diabetics
      showed increased thromboxane B2 production at 0.7 mmol/l (mean: 236 pmol/10(8)
      platelets, SEM 201-277; v. 135, 105-174; P less than 0.05) and at 1.0 mmol/l
      (673, 613-739; v. 405, 377-486, P less than 0.01) but not at 0.5 mmol/l. Patients
      were subdivided according to the presence or absence of vascular complications.
      Patients without microangiopathy showed significantly greater thromboxane B2
      production than healthy subjects at all the arachidonic-acid concentrations (P
      less than 0.02 or less). Patients with microangiopathy had platelet thromboxane
      production similar to that observed in healthy subjects at all the arachidonic
      acid concentrations (P greater than 0.30) but significantly lower than that of
      non-microangiopathic patients at 0.5 (P less than 0.01) and at 0.7 mmol/l
      arachidonic acid (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that non-insulin
      dependent diabetics have increased production of platelet thromboxane B2 only
      when they do not have microvascular complications.

PMID- 6428909
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane sialic acids in primary and secondary hypertension in man
      and rat.
AB  - Sialic acids of erythrocyte membranes (erythrocyte 'ghosts') and blood plasma
      were studied in patients with essential or chronic renal hypertension, and in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The total content of sialic acids in
      erythrocyte membranes (determined by thiobarbituric-acid assay) was around 100
      mumol/g protein in both the hypertensive patients and controls, there being no
      difference between the three groups. Similarly total sialic-acid content of
      plasma did not differ between the hypertensive patients and controls, being
      around 2 mmol/l. Although total membrane sialic acid was unchanged, the sialic
      acid content of glycolipids extracted from erythrocyte membranes was 17% greater
      (P less than 0.001) in patients with essential hypertension than in renal
      hypertensive patients and controls (22.1 +/- 0.5 mumol/g protein v. 18.2 +/- 0.8
      and 18.9 +/- 0.8, respectively). Sialic acid in plasma glycolipid did not differ
      between the patient groups. The animal study revealed no differences between
      total--or glycolipid--sialic-acid content in plasma and erythrocyte membrane in
      SHR and normotensive rats. The finding of an increase in the sialic-acid content
      of erythrocyte membrane glycolipid in essential hypertension is in agreement with
      recent studies demonstrating structural abnormalities in hydrophobic regions of
      erythrocyte membrane, and is considered a manifestation of membrane glycolipid
      alteration in primary hypertension.

PMID- 6428910
TI  - Effect of propranolol treatment on bone mass, bone mineral content, bone
      remodelling, parathyroid function and vitamin D metabolism in hyperthyroidism.
AB  - The effect of propranolol 160-640 mg/day for 3 months on the accelerated loss of
      bone matrix and mineral in hyperthyroidism was studied in seventeen patients. A
      rise in serum thyroxine (P less than 0.01) during the first 3 weeks was followed
      by a fall (P less than 0.02). Serum triiodothyronine declined during the study (P
      less than 0.02). The enhanced bone mineral mobilization and collagen turnover
      continued during treatment and the bone mineral content decreased 3.2% (P less
      than 0.01). The secondary adaptive changes in serum parathyroid hormone and
      vitamin-D metabolites and in renal phosphate handling stayed unchanged. Iliac
      crest bone biopsies after tetracycline double-labelling showed initially a high
      bone turnover (P less than 0.01) with a reduced amount of cortical and trabecular
      bone (P less than 0.05). Following treatment bone formation rate decreased at
      both cellular and tissue level (P less than 0.01). No significant changes were
      observed in the amount of cortical and trabecular bone. The investigation shows
      that propranolol, in contrast to antithyroid medication, lacks any curative
      effect on the accelerated bone loss in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6428911
TI  - Pharmacodynamic effects of ouabain following single sublingual and intravenous
      doses in normal subjects.
AB  - In this intraindividual, placebo-controlled, double blind study the dynamic
      effects of single doses of ouabain 0.5 mg i.v. and 12 mg sublingual were compared
      with those of the vasodilator sublingual nitroglycerin 0.8 mg. In 12 (sublingual)
      and 6 (i.v.) healthy volunteers, respectively, cardiac performance was assessed
      for 60 min after administration, using systolic time intervals ( QS2c , PEPc,
      PEP/LVET), electrical impedance cardiography ( (dZ/dt)/RZ index) and
      echocardiography (EDD, ESD, FS). After i.v. ouabain the typical positive
      inotropic glycoside effects appeared (shortening of QS2c , PEPc, and PEP/LVET,
      increase of (dZ/dt)/RZ and FS, decrease of EDD and ESD). With nitroglycerin
      preload reduction diminished cardiac performance, as shown by a rise in PEPc and
      PEP/LVET and depression of (dZ/dt)/RZ. In addition, EDD (not significant) and ESD
      were somewhat reduced, FS was enhanced, and QS2c tended to shorten. Following
      sublingual ouabain, QS2c was unchanged, there was an increase in PEPc and
      PEP/LVET, a decrease in (dZ/dt)/RZ and FS, EDD was unchanged, and ESD rose. By
      this route the absolute magnitude of the effects was about 1/3 that of the i.v.
      drug action. The spectrum of effects of sublingual ouabain indicates a reduction
      in cardiac performance without any detectable inotropic action. The effects seem
      to be induced by load changes, with an indication of an increase in afterload
      although an additional preload reduction cannot be excluded. This dose of the
      drug given by the sublingual route appears, therefore, to alter cardiac function
      via an effect on the peripheral circulation, although the final mechanism has not
      yet been elucidated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428912
TI  - A haemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study to assess a new transdermal
      nitroglycerin preparation in normal subjects.
AB  - A continual application of a transdermal Nitroglycerin ( Nitrodur ) has been
      haemodynamically and pharmacokinetically assessed in a group of 10 normal healthy
      volunteers over a 24 h period. There were significant decreases in left
      ventricular end systolic dimension and end diastolic dimension over this period,
      demonstrating a continuous haemodynamic effect. A dose related response was not
      demonstrated, although low plasma nitroglycerin levels produced significant
      haemodynamic changes. The persistent decrease in left ventricular wall stress
      implies a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption. Thus Nitrodur may play an
      important role in the long term prophylaxis of angina.

PMID- 6428913
TI  - Long-term effects of captopril on renal function in hypertensive patients.
AB  - The effect of captopril up to 450 mg/day on blood pressure and renal function
      were investigated during sustained treatment of 10 patients whose severe
      hypertension had not responded to previous therapy. All the patients were kept on
      diuretics and most of them on beta-blockers, too. A control determination of
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH) was
      performed during the prior treatment. The effect of the addition (or
      substitution) of captopril were assessed after an average of 25 days (short-term)
      and 26 weeks (long-term). Short-term treatment produced a 15.5% decrease in mean
      blood pressure and interindividually variable effects on renal function. On
      average GFR was somewhat lower and CPAH slightly higher than the control values
      (not significant). This pattern is quite similar to the effects of most other
      antihypertensive drugs. On long-term therapy GFR rose by a mean of 9% (NS) and
      CPAH by 17% (p less than 0.02). However, in a patient who developed a captopril
      induced nephrotic syndrome, GFR dropped to 56% and CPAH to 50% of the control
      values. In another patient a transient rise in serum creatinine accompanied a
      severe drug reaction.

PMID- 6428914
TI  - Soybean lipoxygenase inhibition: studies with the sulphasalazine metabolites N
      acetylaminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulphapyridine.
AB  - Soybean lipoxygenase inhibition has been proposed as an in vitro biochemical
      model for the antiinflammatory action of certain drugs used in the treatment of
      ulcerative colitis. In an extension of a recent study which showed that
      therapeutically active compounds, such as sulphasalazine and its colonic
      metabolite 5-aminosalicylic acid were soybean lipoxygenase inhibitors, it has now
      been shown that N-acetylaminosalicylic acid, the principal metabolite of 5
      aminosalicylic acid, also inhibits soybean lipoxygenase in a dose dependent and
      noncompetitive manner (Ki 3.0 X 10(-8) M, IC50 250 microM). Sulphapyridine, the
      other major metabolite of sulphasalazine, which has been demonstrated to be
      inactive in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, did not inhibit the lipoxygenase
      activity. The findings further support the hypothesis that only the
      therapeutically active compounds are soybean lipoxygenase inhibitors.

PMID- 6428915
TI  - Changes in circulating thyroid hormones during short-term hepatic enzyme
      induction with carbamazepine.
AB  - The effect of short-term hepatic enzyme induction with carbamazepine (CBZ) on
      circulating thyroid hormone concentrations was studied in 10 healthy male
      subjects. CBZ 400 mg per day was given for 21 days in 6 subjects and for 14 days
      in a further 4. In the former group the effect of therapy on the
      pituitary/thyroid axis was also assessed by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone
      (TSH) response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. CBZ therapy resulted in
      induction of hepatic monooxygenase activity, evidenced by a fall in antipyrine
      half-life (11.1 +/- 0.7 to 7.6 +/- 0.7 h; p less than 0.001), and a rise in
      antipyrine clearance (0.72 +/- 0.06 to 0.98 +/- 0.1 ml min-1 kg-1; p less than
      0.001). A significant fall in total serum thyroxine (T4) (81.9 +/- 2.9 to 75.1 +/
      2.9 nmol l-1), and triiodothyronine (T3); (1.59 +/- 0.07 to 1.37 +/- 0.05 nmol l
      1) and free T4 (16.03 +/- 0.82 to 14.2 +/- 0.8 pmol l-1) was seen after CBZ
      therapy. (all p less than 0.05). No significant change in reverse T3 or thyroid
      binding globulin occurred. In the 6 subjects studied for 21 days, maximal changes
      were found following 14 days' treatment. Basal and stimulated TSH remained
      unaltered. These effects on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations are likely
      to be secondary to hepatic enzyme induction leading to accelerated
      nondeiodinative hepatic hormone disposal. The reason for the failure of pituitary
      TSH secretion to rise in response to the fall in circulating T4 and T3 is unclear
      but may have implications for chronic treatment with CBZ in epileptic patients.

PMID- 6428916
TI  - Elucidation of the structure and receptor binding studies of the major primary,
      metabolite of dihydroergotamine in man.
AB  - The plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of dihydroergotamine and its
      metabolites have been measured after a single oral administration of 3 mg tritium
      labelled drug to 6 male volunteers. The plasma level of non-volatile
      radioactivity declined biphasically with alpha- and beta-phase half-lives of 2.1
      h and 32.3 h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration was reached within 3.2
      h. Urinary excretion of total non-volatile radioactivity was low, amounting to
      1.0% of the dose. The parent drug and four metabolites could be quantitated in
      urine and plasma samples. Metabolite 4 (8'-hydroxy-dihydroergotamine) was
      isolated from incubates of rat and monkey liver microsomal preparations. In human
      liver microsomal incubates, metabolite 4 was shown to be the primary metabolite
      of dihydroergotamine. In receptor binding studies performed with mammalian brain
      preparations, metabolite 4 had IC50-values at 6 monoaminergic binding sites
      similar to those of dihydroergotamine. Thus, it appears that the active principle
      consists at least of dihydroergotamine and its 8'-hydroxy derivative. As the
      concentration of metabolite 4 exceeded 5-7 times that of dihydroergotamine in
      urine and plasma, the bioavailability of dihydroergotamine should be reevaluated,
      taking into account the plasma concentrations of the parent drug and of its
      active metabolite, 8'-hydroxy-dihydroergotamine.

PMID- 6428917
TI  - Diabetic control with gliquidone--a short acting sulphonylurea.
AB  - Gliquidone (Glurenorm) and glibenclamide were compared in a cross-over study of
      20 non insulin dependent diabetics. Both drugs achieved similar levels of
      control, as measured by self home monitoring, glycosylated haemoglobin and N
      acetyl-beta-D-glucosamidase levels. However, with glibenclamide hyperglycaemic
      control was only achieved at the expense of more hypoglycaemic episodes. The
      study examined the tailoring of drug dosage to the patients needs and found that
      in the majority of patients it was necessary to give both glibenclamide and
      gliquidone thrice daily. It confirmed the acceptability of self glucose
      monitoring in a home population.

PMID- 6428918
TI  - The role of accessory cells in polyclonal T cell activation. III. No requirement
      for recognition of H-2-encoded antigens on accessory cells.
AB  - Highly purified murine lymph node T cells were used to test the hypothesis that
      polyclonal T cell activation requires the recognition of mitogen-modified major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on accessory cells (AC) by the T cells.
      A variety of tumor cells lines, including macrophage, B and mast cell tumors, as
      well as thymomas, were shown to function as AC in concanavalin A-induced T cell
      activation, even if they expressed only one class of MHC antigens or none at all.
      In contrast to antigen-specific responses, where the Lyt-2+ phenotype is
      reportedly associated with recognition of class I MHC antigens, T cells enriched
      for or depleted of Lyt-2+ cells were not preferentially activated in the presence
      of class I- or class II-positive AC, respectively. In addition, as shown by
      others in the guinea pig and in the rat systems, T cell proliferation induced by
      oxidation of cell surface sugars is equally effective if T cells or AC are
      oxidized. T cell mitogens, therefore, do not seem to act by altering MHC antigens
      on AC, but rather by providing T cell-AC contact via their agglutinating
      properties.

PMID- 6428919
TI  - Pre-B cells in bone marrow: peanut agglutinin binding and separation of
      cytoplasmic mu chain-bearing cell populations in normal, post-irradiation and
      polycythemic mice using fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
AB  - Mouse bone marrow cells exposed to fluorescein-conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA)
      showed subsets of highly labeled cells when analyzed in a fluorescence-activated
      cell sorter. After separating three cell fractions of large and small PNA-binding
      cells and PNA-nonbinding cells, respectively, the B lymphocyte precursor (pre-B)
      cells, having cytoplasmic mu chains (c mu) without surface mu chains (s mu), were
      recovered solely in the PNA-binding fractions. Only a minority of s mu+ small
      lymphocytes having the lowest densities of s mu bound PNA. Small and large c mu+
      s mu- pre-B cell populations were separated in high degrees of purity in the PNA
      binding fractions, especially when obtained from bone marrow undergoing lymphoid
      regeneration after sublethal X-irradiation and during stimulation of lymphocyte
      production in post-polycythemic erythroid suppression. Characteristic shifts in
      the size distribution profile of PNA-binding cells reflected changes in the
      maturation stage of the pre-B cells. The results demonstrate that surface
      membrane components with strong PNA-binding capacities characterize c mu+ s mu-
      pre-B cells in the bone marrow during both normal and perturbed primary B
      lymphocyte genesis. The PNA-binding sites become undetectable soon after the
      first expression of s mu. This property permits the isolation from the bone
      marrow of high concentrations of subsets of large and small c mu+ s mu- cells in
      a viable state suitable for use in further functional studies.

PMID- 6428920
TI  - The invariant chains of mouse class II antigens: biochemical properties and
      molecular relationship.
AB  - The proteins p40 (Mr = 40 000), p32 (Mr = 32 000), p28 (Mr = 28 000), p20 (Mr =
      20 000) and p10 (Mr = 10 000) are described which occur in noncovalent
      association with the polymorphic alpha, beta heterodimer of class II antigens.
      They were investigated with respect to their molecular characteristics and their
      mutual structural relationship. p32, the predominant species of this group
      corresponds to the invariant chain gamma (Ii). In contrast to the polymorphic
      subunits alpha and beta, proteins p40, p28, p20 and p10 migrated like gamma in
      electrophoretically constant positions, when class II molecules of different
      subregions and different alleles were assessed by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis [1st dimension, isoelectric focusing; 2nd dimension, sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. Analogous to gamma,
      they are therefore designated invariant chains. The low Mr species of this group
      do not arise from higher Mr forms as preparation artefacts. Short-term pulse
      chase analysis and cell-free translation of sucrose gradient-fractionated mRNA in
      conjunction with specific immunoprecipitation rendered the possibility unlikely
      that individual components of this set of proteins existed in a precursor-product
      relationship within the cell. Comparative enzymatic fragmentation on SDS
      polyacrylamide gels as well as tryptic peptide map comparisons by high
      performance liquid chromatography revealed a high structural relatedness among
      all members of this group of invariant proteins.

PMID- 6428921
TI  - Precipitated diazepam withdrawal in baboons: effects of dose and duration of
      diazepam exposure.
AB  - Baboons were exposed to diazepam via continuous injection at doses of 0.125-20.0
      mg/kg per day intragastrically (i.g.) for 7 days or to 20 mg/kg per day, i.g. for
      1 h or 1 to 35 days. After diazepam administration, Ro 15-1788, a benzodiazepine
      antagonist was given (5.0 mg/kg i.m.) and precipitated benzodiazepine withdrawal
      was evaluated by scoring individual signs. The severity of the withdrawal, as
      indicated by the number of the different signs as well as by frequency of
      individual signs, increased as the dose and duration of diazepam exposure were
      increased. Consistent elevations in diazepam withdrawal signs were evident after
      a dose as low as 0.25 mg/kg per day for 7 days and after administration of 20
      mg/kg per day for as short as 3-7 days. Data also suggested that history of
      previous benzodiazepine exposure sensitized animals to subsequent development of
      physical dependence. Overall, this study suggests that benzodiazepines produce
      meaningful functional changes in the central nervous system after exposure to
      relatively low doses and after relatively short durations of exposure.

PMID- 6428922
TI  - Intima-related vasodilatation of the perfused rat caudal artery.
AB  - We examined the endothelial dependence of responses to ACh and some vasodilator
      drugs by using the central tail artery of the rat perfused with Krebs buffer.
      Perfusion with ACh (100 nM-100 microM) produced dose-dependent vasodilatation of
      arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine and antagonized pressor responses to
      periarterial electrical stimulation. Endothelium was removed by introducing a
      fine catheter through the lumen or a stream of gas (O2 95%-CO2 5%)
      intraluminally. Both procedures prevented the vasodilator effect of ACh. Gassing
      also abolished the vasodilatation in response to hydralazine 334 nM but not to
      equidilator amounts of papaverine 13 microM, or nitroglycerin 50 nM. These
      results indicating endothelial dependence of hydralazine and ACh responses are in
      accord with our previous studies on vascular rings.

PMID- 6428923
TI  - Comparative evaluation of anticonvulsant and toxic potencies of valproic acid and
      2-en-valproic acid in different animal models of epilepsy.
AB  - The anticonvulsant potency of 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid (2-en-VPA; trans isomer),
      a major metabolite of the antiepileptic valproic acid (VPA), was evaluated in
      different animal models of epilepsy and compared with the respective data for
      VPA. Four models were used: the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in mice,
      the pentylenetetrazol seizure test in mice, gerbils with 'major' (generalized
      tonic-clonic) seizures in response to specific sensory stimulation, and rats with
      chronically recurring, spontaneous 'petit mal' seizures. The overall
      anticonvulsant profile of 2-en-VPA in these models compared favourably with that
      of VPA. Both drugs were considerably more potent to block seizures in epileptic
      rats and gerbils than in the traditional MES and pentylenetetrazol mouse models.
      As regards toxicity, no side-effects were observed with effective doses of 2-en
      VPA in rats and gerbils, whereas in the doses necessary to block MES and
      pentylenetetrazol seizures in mice (200-300 mg/kg i.p.) 2-en-VPA was more
      sedative than VPA. LD50 values determined for both drugs were comparable. A major
      difference between 2-en-VPA and VPA was found with respect to embryotoxicity.
      Single doses of VPA administered to pregnant mice gave rise to significant
      teratogenic effects (exencephaly, embryolethality , growth retardation), whereas
      2-en-VPA was not embryotoxic, even at extremely high doses (600 mg/kg). The data
      suggest that 2-en-VPA may be a valuable alternative antiepileptic drug.

PMID- 6428924
TI  - Relationship between the anti-phospholipase and anti-inflammatory effects of
      glucocorticoid-induced proteins.
AB  - Glucocorticoid-induced anti-phospholipase proteins were partially purified by
      using ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. These proteins, as well as
      dexamethasone itself, inhibited the hind-paw rat oedema induced by carrageenin.
      This inhibition was reversed by arachidonic acid, Anti-phospholipase proteins as
      well as hydrocortisone, also reduced the formation of prostaglandin E2 and
      leukotriene B4 by phagocytosing leucocytes. A specific monoclonal antibody was
      able to reverse the inhibition of eicosanoid formation. The mechanism of the anti
      inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids and anti-phospholipase proteins is
      discussed in the light of these results.

PMID- 6428925
TI  - Effects of calcium channel blockers and a calmodulin antagonist on contractions
      of guinea pig airways.
AB  - Both antigen- and calcium ionophore A23187-induced airways contractions are
      dependent on increased concentrations of free intracellular calcium. Antigen, but
      not A23187, contracted airways in the absence of extracellular calcium,
      suggesting that antigen-induced airways contraction was partly dependent on the
      mobilization of intracellular calcium. A series of calcium entry blockers and a
      calmodulin antagonist were examined on airways contraction induced by antigen,
      A23187, histamine, and LTD4. Verapamil (10(-5)-3 X 10(-4) M) and nitrendipine (3
      X 10(-5)-2.8 X 10(-4) M) dose-dependently inhibited antigen-induced contraction
      of trachea but only partly inhibited antigen-induced contraction of parenchyma
      and A23187-induced contractions of both trachea and parenchyma. Lanthanum
      chloride (up to 10(-4) M) and flunarizine (up to 2.1 X 10(-5) M) were relative
      ineffective. High concentrations of trifluoperazine (1-3 X 10(-4) M) were
      necessary to inhibit antigen- and A23187-induced airways contractions. Only
      verapamil and trifluoperazine were effective inhibitors of the responses to
      histamine and LTD4. In light of the relative ineffectiveness of the above calcium
      antagonists on the LTD4 dose-response curves, it is suggested that airways
      contraction is dependent on mobilization of intracellular calcium and that the
      action of nitrendipine and verapamil as inhibitors of antigen- and A23187-induced
      contractions is at the point of blocking mediator (i.e. LTC4 and LTD4) release.
      Verapamil and trifluoperazine also appear to affect contractions. However, the
      high concentrations of calcium channel and calmodulin antagonists to inhibit
      antigen- and A23187-induced contractions may limit their usefulness as anti
      allergic, anti-asthmatic agents.

PMID- 6428926
TI  - 'Stress-proteins' are induced in Tetrahymena pyriformis by histidinol but not in
      mammalian (L-929) cells.
AB  - This study compares the influence of histidinol, a reversible inhibitor of growth
      and protein synthesis, on patterns of proteins synthesis in Tetrahymena
      pyriformis and cultured mouse L cells. In Tetrahymena, histidinol (10 mM) reduced
      total cell protein synthesis by over 60%. Analysis of individual protein bands by
      SDS-PAGE showed that at least 17 bands became less prominent, while 13
      polypeptides became more prominent, during exposure to histidinol. These effects
      were rapidly reversed by addition of equivalent concentrations of histidine.
      Actinomycin D (actD) prevented the enhancement of most of the histidinol
      'stimulated' bands, suggesting control at the transcriptional level. The majority
      of the histidinol-'stimulated' polypeptides appeared to be the same as
      corresponding heat-shock polypeptides, although some polypeptides were
      'stimulated' by histidinol and not by heat shock, while others were 'stimulated'
      by heat shock and not by histidinol. 'Stimulation', both by histidinol and by
      heat shock, may reflect selective retention rather than induced synthesis of some
      or all of the relevant polypeptides. In contrast to Tetrahymena, cultured mouse L
      cells did not alter their normal polypeptide pattern under the influence of
      histidinol, under conditions in which total protein synthesis was depressed to a
      similar degree. It is possible that 'stress' proteins might be formed or retained
      in order to mediate adaptive responses of free-living cells to environmental
      changes.

PMID- 6428927
TI  - Radioreceptor assay for oxyphenonium.
AB  - The development of a radioreceptor assay for the quaternary anticholinergic drug,
      oxyphenonium, in plasma is reported. It is based on competition between this drug
      and 3H-dexetimide for binding to muscarinic receptors. After ion pair extraction
      and reextraction, the drug can be determined in plasma at concentrations down to
      a value of 100 pg/ml. This permits pharmacokinetic studies to be made after
      inhalation of oxyphenonium.

PMID- 6428928
TI  - On the social cost of asthma.

PMID- 6428929
TI  - Domiciliary nebulized beta-agonists. Long-term treatment in asthmatics, and drug
      intake and plasma levels in acute asthma.
AB  - Long-term domiciliary treatment with nebulized salbutamol was studied in 27
      patients (mean age 55 years, range 25-77) suffering from severe chronic bronchial
      asthma. At the end of the treatment period (mean 2.7 years, range 0.9-3.9) three
      patients had returned their Pari Inhalierboy nebulizers, two because of
      improvement, one because of moving from the area. Two patients died at home from
      status asthmaticus. Of the rest, about a third experienced an improved quality of
      life, and six of 9 patients depending on oral corticosteroids could be
      transferred to metered dose aerosols. No significant changes of the number of
      days in hospital or on sick-leave, number of hospitalizations or number of
      outpatient consultations between corresponding periods before and after the start
      of nebulizing therapy at home were found. In another study, drug intake 24 h
      before hospital admission and plasma levels of beta-agonists were recorded in 45
      asthmatics (mean age 52 years, range 20-74) on arrival at hospital with acute
      asthma (PEFR less than 50% predicted normal value, pulse rate greater than 100).
      In 22 of the 64 acute episodes recorded, domiciliary nebulized beta-agonists were
      used. No significant differences in the oral doses taken 24 h before arrival or
      the plasma concentrations of beta-agonists were found between patients with and
      without nebulized beta-agonists. The studies demonstrate the feasibility of home
      treatment with beta-agonists via nebulizers.

PMID- 6428930
TI  - Decrease of exercise-induced asthma after physical training.
AB  - Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a multifactorial disease induced by cooling and
      drying of the airways. Mediator release or vagal stimulation, or both, may
      transmit the reaction to bronchial muscles. Premedication with beta 2-aerosol
      before exercise has the best preventive effect, although disodium cromoglycate
      (DSCG) or atropine prevent EIA in about 50% of the patients. EIA is provoked when
      the anaerobic threshold is passed. Training with high load interval exercise
      after premedication increased the anaerobic threshold in three groups of
      children, and a significant decrease in EIA was recorded, while a non-training
      control group showed no changes.

PMID- 6428931
TI  - Asthma--site of airway obstruction and aerosol deposition.

PMID- 6428932
TI  - Excretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors during neuromuscular paralysis
      produced by dithiobiuret.
AB  - Urinary excretion of porphyrin precursors delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and
      porphobilinogen (PBG) and total porphyrins was measured during intoxication of
      rats with 2,4-dithiobiuret (DTB), a chemical which produces delayed-onset
      neuromuscular weakness, in an attempt to ascertain whether or not DTB poisoning
      in the rat would serve as an animal model of the neurologic symptoms of acute
      intermittent porphyria. Daily administration of DTB (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) produced
      flaccid skeletal muscle weakness first detected after 4 to 5 days of treatment.
      Onset of skeletal muscle weakness was associated with a significant increase in
      urinary excretion of ALA. The excretion of PBG and total porphyrin was also
      increased; however, the increase was not significant. The increase in porphyrins
      and porphyrin precursors was due to increased urine output which coincided with
      the onset of neuromuscular weakness; urinary concentrations of ALA, PBG, and
      porphyrins were not increased by DTB. Measurements of free-erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin, taken after 7 days of DTB treatment, indicated a significant
      elevation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration. The pattern of
      alterations in the heme precursors associated with DTB-induced paralysis in rats
      is quite different from that observed in humans afflicted with acute intermittent
      porphyria. Therefore, we conclude that DTB-induced paralysis in the rat does not
      represent an accurate animal model of acute intermittent porphyria.

PMID- 6428933
TI  - Facilitated reversal learning of a spatial-memory task by medial septal
      injections of 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - To assess the role of hippocampal norepinephrine in learning and memory, rats
      were treated with medial septal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine either prior to
      or after acquisition of a spatial-memory task. No effect on acquisition learning
      or retention was observed. However, reversal learning was significantly enhanced
      in all treated animals regardless of whether treatment was prior to or after
      acquisition. Our results do not support a role of hippocampal norepinephrine in
      selective attention, but rather indicate a direct involvement in memory
      processes.

PMID- 6428934
TI  - [Penetration and binding strength of cadmium and its complexes with dithiols in
      cells].
AB  - It was shown in experiments with three types of cells (dog red cells, hepatic
      cells of newborn Wistar rats, and culture of the renal epithelium of Vero
      monkeys) that cadmium in complexes with dimercaptoethanol penetrates the cells in
      an 8-33-fold greater amounts than free cations of metal. Unithiol increases
      cadmium penetration in the cells by 1.6-3 times only. The strength of cadmium
      binding with dimercaptopropranolol in the cells is greater than that with
      unithiol and free cations. Albumin limits penetration of free cations of cadmium
      and of complexes with dimercaptothiol to a greater degree than that of cadmium
      complexes with unithiols. The reasons for the differences revealed are discussed.

PMID- 6428935
TI  - [Nitroglycerin-like action of the nitro ethers of sodium carboxymethylcellulose
      in an experiment].
AB  - It has been demonstrated in acute experiments on animals of different species
      that nitroesters of sodium carboxymethylcellulose have the pharmacological
      properties exhibited by nitroglycerin. Unlike the latter one, they exert a mild
      hypotensive action.

PMID- 6428936
TI  - Laminin interacts with plasminogen and its tissue-type activator.

PMID- 6428938
TI  - Nutritional assessment of critically ill patients.

PMID- 6428937
TI  - Insulin receptors in rat brain: insulin stimulates phosphorylation of its
      receptor beta-subunit.
AB  - In rat brain cortex synaptosomes insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of its
      own receptor beta-subunit (94 kDa) as identified by immunoprecipitation with anti
      insulin or anti-receptor antiserum. The receptor alpha-subunit (115 kDa) was
      characterized by specific labeling with 125I-labeled photoreactive insulin. These
      observations indicate that: (i) insulin receptors in brain are composed of alpha
      subunits which bind insulin, and beta-subunits, the phosphorylation of which can
      be stimulated by insulin; (ii) the size of alpha-subunits in brain is
      significantly smaller than in other tissues (115 vs 130 kDa), whereas beta
      subunits (94 kDa) are identical. We suggest that brain insulin receptors
      represent a subtype regarding their binding function, whereas their enzyme
      function is more conserved.

PMID- 6428939
TI  - [Influence of the hypothalamus on cardiac activity after administration of
      adrenergic blockaders and cholinolytics].
AB  - In dogs with implanted hypothalamic electrodes, influences of separate blockade
      of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors, M- and H-cholinoreceptors on cardiac rhythm
      and ECG before, during and after stimulation of ventromedial and posterolateral
      structures of the hypothalamus, were studied. Adrenoblocking and cholinolytic
      agents affected the heart rate and the ECG as well as changed the cardiac
      response to stimulation of the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6428940
TI  - [Beta-carotene treatment of protoporphyrias and polymorphic light dermatoses].

PMID- 6428941
TI  - Blood group substances, T6 antigen and heterochromatin pattern as species markers
      in the nude mouse/human skin model.
AB  - Antibodies to blood group antigens and to human T6 antigen and the DNA-specific
      fluorochrome D287/170 were applied to human skin transplanted to nude mice and to
      the surrounding murine skin. It was found that the two epithelia maintained their
      characteristic, different blood group B antigen distributions and heterochromatin
      patterns. Furthermore, it was shown that human Langerhans' cells persisted in the
      grafted epidermis. During an observation period of until 48 weeks after
      transplantation only one of 32 grafts showed signs of invasion by murine
      epidermis.

PMID- 6428942
TI  - Properties and physiology of energy-coupled mutants of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6428943
TI  - Model studies on N-glycosylation of proteins.

PMID- 6428944
TI  - Role of alpha-D-mannosidases in the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycoproteins.

PMID- 6428945
TI  - Intracellular turnover and secretion of lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 6428946
TI  - Initial experience with oral gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
      in patients followed up for one year.
AB  - Fifteen patients, eight males and seven females, suffering from classic or
      definite rheumatoid arthritis were treated for 1 year with Auranofin, a new gold
      salt active by the oral route, different from parenteral gold as far as dosage,
      mechanism of action and toxicity are concerned. Patients received a dosage of 3
      mg twice daily, equivalent to 0.85 mg of elemental gold, in order to evaluate the
      therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of this new compound. Subjective and
      objective parameters were monitored during the trial and serum gold levels were
      assayed every 2 months by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Our study, which
      is on-going, shows the therapeutic efficacy of Auranofin which seems better
      tolerated than parenteral gold salts and will probably become a widely used drug
      in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6428947
TI  - Insulin enhances FSH-stimulated steroidogenesis by cultured rat granulosa cells.
AB  - Experimentally induced diabetes in female rats is associated with decreased
      ovarian functions. We have investigated the ovarian action of insulin using
      granulosa cells obtained from immature hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats.
      The cells were cultured for 2 days in a serum-free medium in the presence of
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), with or without insulin. Medium steroids were
      determined by specific radioimmunoassay. Treatment with FSH caused a dose
      dependent increase in the production of estrogen, progesterone, 20 alpha
      hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH-progesterone) and pregnenolone. Concomitant
      treatment with 100 ng/ml insulin increased the responsiveness of granulosa cells
      to FSH, decreasing the ED50 values for FSH-stimulated estrogen and progestin
      production 2-2.75-fold. A lower dose of insulin, 10 ng/ml, also augmented FSH
      action. In contrast, treatment with insulin alone had no effect on steroid
      production. The insulin effect on progestin and estrogen biosynthesis was
      detected by 24 and 44 h after treatment, respectively. Also, the insulin action
      appeared to be specific since an insulin fragment, desoctapeptide insulin,
      exhibited no effect. Insulin also increased the FSH-stimulated increase in
      activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the
      formation of progesterone, but was without effect on the activity of 20 alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts progesterone to the inactive 20
      alpha-OH-progesterone. The effects of insulin on increasing FSH responsiveness
      could not be accounted for by changes in cell viability or total cell number.
      These results indicate that insulin exerts a specific action on granulosa cells
      to increase the FSH stimulation of estrogen and progestin production.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6428948
TI  - Cell surface proteins of Drosophila. II. A comparison of embryonic and ecdysone
      induced proteins.
AB  - The cell-surface proteins of Drosophila embryos at gastrula and myoblast fusion
      stages were characterized by radioiodination and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Over 13% of the cell surface proteins detected in gastrula
      embryos were not found in myoblast fusion stage embryos or in Drosophila
      embryonic cell line EH34A3 cells. Nearly 18% of the cell-surface proteins
      detected in myoblast fusion stage embryos were evident only at that stage.
      Embryonic cell-surface proteins were compared with cell-surface proteins from
      untreated EH34A3 cells and EH34A3 cells treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone, which
      induces cell aggregation and the expression of "new" proteins at the cell surface
      (D. F. Woods and C. A. Poodry, 1983, Dev. Biol. 96, 23-31). Only one of the
      proteins induced by ecdysone in EH34A3 cells was detected in the NP-40 soluble
      fraction of radioiodinated cell lysates, even after fractionation by lectin
      affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation to enrich for putative ecdysone
      induced proteins. However, extraction of the NP-40 insoluble pellet of embryo
      cells revealed one additional protein that was present both in myoblast fusion
      stage embryos and hormone-treated culture cells. It was concluded that except for
      these two proteins, the cell-surface proteins induced in cultured cell lines by
      treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone are not present in significant amounts in
      gastrula or myoblast fusion stage embryos.

PMID- 6428949
TI  - Kruppel, a gene whose activity is required early in the zygotic genome for normal
      embryonic segmentation.
AB  - Embryos homozygous for Kruppel die as late embryos with an altered segmentation
      pattern. In strong alleles the normal thoracic and anterior abdominal segments
      are replaced by a partial mirror image duplication of the posterior abdomen. Weak
      alleles cause smaller pattern deletions in the thorax and abdomen and are not
      associated with mirror image duplications. The altered segmentation pattern can
      be traced back to 12 min after the onset of gastrulation, when the shorter germ
      bands in homozygous Kr embryos provide a first indication of abnormal patterning.
      The mutant was mapped to position 107.6 at the tip of the right arm of the second
      chromosome, cytologically to bands 60F2-5. Analysis of homozygous deficiency
      embryos indicate that the phenotype produced by strong point mutations probably
      represents the amorphic condition. The requirement for Kr+ gene activity is
      strictly zygotic. Maternal dosage of Kr+ has no effect on the embryonic
      phenotype, nor does homozygosity for Kr prevent germ cells from making normal
      eggs capable of normal embryonic development when fertilized by wild-type sperm.
      The requirement for Kr+ seems restricted to embryogenesis. Homozygous clones
      induced in imaginal discs during larval development survive and develop normally
      and in vivo cultures established from homozygous embryos proliferate normally and
      metamorphose into adult structures of normal morphology.

PMID- 6428950
TI  - Cell degeneration in the developing optic lobes of the sine oculis and small
      optic-lobes mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - In the small-optic-lobes (sol) and sine oculis (so) mutants of Drosophila
      melanogaster extensive cell death occurs in the optic lobes during the first half
      of pupal development. Gynandromorph flies show that the sol mutation acts
      primarily on cells of the medulla cortex. Degeneration of medullar ganglion cells
      occurs at an early stage of cellular differentiation, when their axons have not
      yet participated in the formation of the second optic chiasma. The so gene, on
      the other hand, acts on the eye anlagen. The analysis of chimeric flies
      demonstrates that degeneration in the optic lobes of so flies is a consequence of
      eye reduction. At the level of the second optic chiasma extensive axonal
      degeneration can be observed in the mutant. Neurons seem to die after their
      failure to establish a sufficient number of functional contacts. In sol;so double
      mutants, the mutational effects are cumulative causing complete degeneration of
      columnar cell types in pupae without any eye anlage. The tiny rudiments of the
      optic lobes in eyeless double mutants still contain tangential neurons of the
      medulla and of the lobula complex. The central brain is reduced in size due to
      the missing visual fibers, however, its overall appearance is surprisingly
      normal.

PMID- 6428951
TI  - Proteins shifting from the cytoplasm into the nuclei during early embryogenesis
      of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to study the distribution of several
      proteins in cleavage and blastoderm stages of Drosophila melanogaster. These
      antigens are known to be associated with hnRNA-containing particles in tissue
      culture cells. Protein blotting shows that they are present in the embryo 1 hr
      after egg deposition. A redistribution from the cytoplasm into the somatic nuclei
      can be observed during developmental stage 12/13, one stage prior to the
      formation of the cellular blastoderm. Yolk nuclei become stained by these
      antibodies at about the same time. The shift into pole cell nuclei, however,
      occurs 1 1/2 hr later, during the migration of these cells into the posterior
      midgut rudiment.

PMID- 6428952
TI  - pp60c-src Kinase is in chick and human embryonic tissues.
AB  - The normal cellular protein pp60c-src is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase that
      is homologous to the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) but its
      function is unknown. The expression of pp60c-src in chick and human embryonic
      tissues was monitored by the immune complex protein kinase assay, Western
      transfer analysis, and immunocytochemical staining at the light microscope level.
      pp60c-src kinase was expressed in the head and trunk regions of the chick embryo
      at all stages of development examined; however, expression increased
      significantly during the major period of organogenesis (Hamburger and Hamilton
      stages 21 to 32). Western transfer analysis showed that the amount of pp60c-src
      protein increased in parallel with the increase in kinase activity. Highest
      levels of pp60c-src kinase were present in the neural tube, brain, and heart of
      the stage 32 chick embryo. Lower levels of activity were found in eye, limb bud,
      and liver. Immunocytochemical staining of the neural tube region and heart of the
      chick confirmed the results of biochemical analysis and showed immunoreactive
      pp60c-src distributed throughout the neural tube and heart. The distribution of
      pp60c-src kinase in human fetal tissues was similar to that in the chick embryo;
      elevated levels of pp60c-src kinase were present in cerebral cortex, spinal cord,
      and heart, but all other tissues examined expressed some pp60c-src kinase. The
      results of our studies suggest that pp60c-src plays a fundamental role in an
      aspect of cellular metabolism that is particularly important in electrogenic
      tissues.

PMID- 6428953
TI  - Factors influencing the production of human immune interferon components.
AB  - Human interferon (IFN), induced in leukocyte suspensions by mitogens, contains
      two antivirally active components (45K and 22K), separable from each other by gel
      filtration. The 45K component was identified as IFN-gamma; the 22K component is
      serologically related to IFN-beta, but has different physicochemical and
      biological properties. Relatively large amounts of 22K were produced in leukocyte
      suspensions isolated from buffy coats after induction with concanavalin A (ConA);
      induction of plateletpheresis residues with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)
      resulted in the production of almost only IFN-gamma (45K). The addition of foetal
      calf serum (FCS) to the production medium enhanced the yields of IFN-gamma, while
      the production of 22K remained unchanged. Incubation of the cell suspension in
      the absence of mitogen gave only small amounts of IFN, containing mostly 22K.
      Under various conditions tested, the two components had similar kinetics of
      production. A significant increase of IFN-gamma production was observed when
      leukocytes were primed with low concentrations of 22K.

PMID- 6428954
TI  - Strategies for the correction of enzymatic deficiencies in patients with mucopoly
      saccharidoses.

PMID- 6428955
TI  - Effect of delaying DNA replication on blastocyst formation in the mouse.
AB  - Differentiation in the early mouse embryo involves cellular responses to both
      spatial and temporal signals. The temporal signals that trigger blastocyst
      formation, the first differentiative event, are not yet understood, but it has
      been suggested that the numbers of DNA replications undergone since fertilization
      might act as the timing mechanism. Preimplantation mouse embryos were treated
      with aphidicolin, an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha, for eight
      hours during the S phase of the fourth cleavage division. This treatment produced
      a delay in cell division but the morphologic event of cavitation, which signals
      the onset of blastocyst formation, was not delayed. Treated embryos actually
      cavitated a few hours ahead of control embryos at approximately half the cell
      number. This result indicates that blastocyst formation is not timed by the
      number of DNA replicative cycles completed since fertilization, but by some other
      intrinsic cellular clock.

PMID- 6428957
TI  - Long-term care "super" nurse.

PMID- 6428956
TI  - [Coronary spasm as a mechanism of ischemia or myocardial necrosis immediately
      after coronary surgery. Considerations on 5 cases and review of the literature].
AB  - Several recent reports suggest that coronary artery spasm may represent a major
      complication of coronary artery bypass surgery, and that it may have gone
      unrecognized in the past. During a three-year interval ending July 1983 we have
      encountered 5 cases in whom reversible S-T changes, angina, arterial hypotension,
      major arrythmias and/or angiography prompted the diagnosis of coronary arterial
      spasm early after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Our experience and the review of
      15 previously reported cases reveals that in most cases the clinical presentation
      was that of an acute, severe, ischemic cardiac event that occurred few hours
      after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. A more benign course took place in a
      minority of cases, although some of them showed evidence of myocardial necrosis
      on ECG and/or left ventriculography. The mortality rate in the collective series
      was 20%, and the rate of perioperative non fatal myocardial infarction was 25%.
      Glyceryl trinitrate administration into the ascending aorta or into the spastic
      coronary artery appeared to be the most effective way of treating this condition,
      while the same drug was seemingly uneffective when administered intravenously.
      The use of calcium antagonists was associated with a favourable outcome in some
      patients, but on the whole the results were unpredictable. Prompt consideration
      of the possibility of coronary artery spasm and aggressive treatment are required
      in order to minimize its impact on perioperative mortality and morbidity rates.

PMID- 6428958
TI  - Inhibition by quercetin of the promoting effect of teleocidin on skin papilloma
      formation in mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - Quercetin markedly suppressed the promoting effect of teleocidin on skin tumor
      formation in mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. This activity of
      quercetin may have some bearing on the fact that quercetin is not carcinogenic
      despite showing mutagenicity.

PMID- 6428959
TI  - Induction of transplantation resistance to murine L1210 leukemia cells in BCG
      primed mice by immunization with tuberculin protein-coupled L1210 cells.
AB  - By priming with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and subsequent immunization with
      L1210 leukemia cells to which purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) had
      been coupled, a resistance to L1210 leukemia but not to syngeneic P388 leukemia
      was induced in DBA/2 and CDF1 mice. Separate injections of mitomycin C-treated
      L1210 cells and PPD also induced the resistance, but it was established only when
      they were administered simultaneously. PPD-coupled cells seemed to play a more
      important role than BCG, since the immunoprophylaxis was observed when L1210
      challenge was made at the sites of PPD-L1210 immunization, but was not observed
      when L1210 challenge was made at the sites of BCG priming.

PMID- 6428960
TI  - [Decontamination of gastroscopes: apropos of the efficacy and the cost].

PMID- 6428961
TI  - [Alpha heavy chain disease and the hepatitis B virus].

PMID- 6428962
TI  - Human gallbladder mucin accelerates nucleation of cholesterol in artificial bile.
AB  - The gallbladder bile of patients with cholesterol gallstones is characterized by
      two abnormalities: (a) supersaturation with cholesterol and (b) accelerated
      nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals. We studied the ability of
      purified human gallbladder mucin to nucleate artificial bile in vitro. Human
      gallbladder mucin at concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/ml accelerated the nucleation
      time of cholesterol crystals in model bile. The mean number of cholesterol
      crystals in artificial bile incubated for 10 days with 4 mg/ml of human
      gallbladder mucin was 2327/mm3 (p less than 0.01) vs. control of 51/mm3. The
      number of crystals found in model bile was dependent on the concentration of
      human gallbladder mucin (2-16 mg/ml) and the time of incubation (4-14 days).
      Human gallbladder mucin was associated with an increase in the number of liquid
      crystals after 4 days of incubation, which then decreased in number as solid
      cholesterol monohydrate crystals formed. Nucleation by human gallbladder mucin
      was significantly increased only with cholesterol saturation indices greater than
      1.0, and in biles containing 10% but not 3% total lipid by weight. Pooled human
      gallbladder mucin from gallbladders with and without stones both increased
      nucleation significantly when compared with controls. Increased nucleation of
      saturated model bile was also observed with purified monkey cervical and bovine
      gallbladder mucin, but not with porcine gastric mucin. These observations provide
      further evidence that human gallbladder mucin may contribute to cholesterol
      gallstone formation in humans by accelerating nucleation of cholesterol
      monohydrate crystals from supersaturated gallbladder bile.

PMID- 6428963
TI  - Influence of sex and sex steroids on bilirubin uridine diphosphate
      glucuronosyltransferase activity of rat liver.
AB  - Bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase activity was markedly
      higher in liver preparations of adult female rats when compared with adult male
      rats. Ovariectomy decreased the levels in females whereas orchiectomy produced an
      increase in males. Totally opposite results were obtained when assaying p
      nitrophenol uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl-transferase; this suggests the
      existence of different enzymes. Administration of physiologic amounts of
      testosterone decreased enzyme activities in orchiectomized males to normal
      levels. Estradiol had no effect but progesterone significantly enhanced the
      transferase activity of gonadectomized females. The effect was more pronounced
      when progesterone was associated with estradiol. The combined treatment of
      ovariectomized rats resulted in physiologic plasma levels of sex steroids and
      could increase the levels of glucuronosyl-transferase to values of normal
      females. Male and female sex hormones thus exert opposite effects on bilirubin
      uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase. If applicable to humans, this might
      explain the differences in serum bilirubin levels in adult men and women, and in
      the prevalence of Gilbert's syndrome.

PMID- 6428964
TI  - 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 stimulates galactose and glucosamine but not
      serine incorporation in rat gastric mucous cells.
AB  - It has been suggested that the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins could be
      mediated by an increased mucus glycoprotein secretion in the stomach. In the rat
      we studied the mucus glycoprotein synthesis after an in vivo treatment with 16,16
      dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (10 micrograms/kg X day subcutaneously) for 1 h or 7
      days. The incorporation rate of [3H]galactose, [3H]glucosamine, and [3H]serine
      was determined by light microscopic autoradiography in the ex vivo vascularly
      perfused stomach. Prostaglandin increased the rate of [3H]galactose and
      [3H]glucosamine incorporation twofold to fourfold in the fundic surface mucous
      cells; but the total protein synthesis as measured by [3H]serine incorporation
      was not increased. Analyses of purified mucus glycoprotein did not show an effect
      on carbohydrate composition, oligosaccharide chain size, nor on buoyant density,
      after prostaglandin treatment. The present study reveals that 16,16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 stimulates the mucus glycoprotein synthesis in the fundic mucous
      cells. This effect may well be one of the mechanisms by which prostaglandin
      protects the stomach against noxious agents.

PMID- 6428965
TI  - [Removal of natural anti-A and anti-B isohemagglutinins from antirhesus sera by
      fractionation methods].

PMID- 6428966
TI  - Distribution and transplacental transfer of paraquat in rats and guinea-pigs.
AB  - Radiolabelled paraquat (bis-N-(14C)methyl-4,4'-bipyridylium chloride) was
      administered intravenously to pregnant rats and guinea-pigs and examined by the
      whole body autoradiography method. Male rats were examined for comparison with
      the same method. The results showed that the radiolabelled compound was rapidly
      distributed throughout the tissues, with the highest concentrations in the
      cartilage, kidney, lung, spleen, salivary gland and skin. High concentrations
      were found in the placenta and throughout the fetuses 0.5 hr after the
      administration.

PMID- 6428967
TI  - Comparative relaxant effects of nitroglycerin in isolated rings from various
      canine vascular beds.
AB  - The potency of nitroglycerin to block contractions produced by norepinephrine,
      serotonin and KCl, was examined in isolated large artery rings obtained from the
      coronary, femoral, mesenteric and renal vascular bed of the dog. Nitroglycerin
      was a more potent antagonist (10-10,000 fold) of contractions produced by
      norepinephrine in the large coronary artery than in the other three vascular
      beds. Similarly, nitroglycerin blocked responses to serotonin and KCl (40 mM)
      more effectively in the coronary vs the femoral artery. These results suggest
      that nitroglycerin has selectivity for the large coronary artery of the dog in
      blocking contractions produced by three constrictor substances that have been
      implicated in coronary vasospasm.

PMID- 6428968
TI  - Influence of levodopa, apomorphine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) on
      strychnine-induced seizures in mice.
AB  - The effects of levodopa, apomorphine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) on
      tonic seizures elicited by strychnine were investigated in mice. Levodopa (6.25
      100 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.2-0.8 mg/kg) and FLA-63 (12.5 mg/kg) profoundly
      delayed the onset and reduced the incidence of strychnine seizures. In addition,
      these drugs decreased strychnine-induced mortality. DOPS (1-16 mg/kg) apparently
      shortened the onset of strychnine seizures and altered strychnine-induced
      mortality in a dose-dependent manner; low doses (1-2 mg/kg) enhanced while
      moderate doses (4-8 mg/kg) reduced the mortality rate. FLA-63 (12.5 mg/kg)
      potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of low doses of levodopa (6.25-12.5 mg/kg)
      while it had no significant influence on the anticonvulsant effect of higher
      doses (25-100 mg/kg) of levodopa. In addition, the onset of strychnine seizure
      was further delayed by FLA-63. Haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) potentiated the convulsant
      effect of strychnine (1 mg/kg) as well as strychnine-induced mortality. It also
      antagonised the protective effect of levodopa (12.5 and 100 mg/kg) against
      strychnine (1 mg/kg). Phentolamine (5 mg/kg) and +/- propranolol (1 mg/kg)
      antagonised strychnine seizures. Strychnine-induced mortality was also reduced by
      these drugs. In addition, the effects of DOPS (2 mg/kg) on strychnine seizures
      were antagonised by phentolamine and propranolol. These results indicate that
      enhancement of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission respectively
      attenuate and potentiate strychnine seizures in mice.

PMID- 6428969
TI  - Prolactin is associated with the development of photorefractoriness in intact,
      castrated, and testosterone-implanted starlings.
AB  - Using radioimmunoassays, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in the plasma of intact, castrated, and
      testosterone-implanted male starlings. Two groups of birds (intact and castrated
      males) were transferred when photosensitive from short (8-hr) to long (16-hr) day
      lengths; in both cases plasma prolactin levels increased steadily reaching a peak
      after 5 weeks of photostimulation, at the time of the onset of
      photorefractoriness . Three groups ( intacts , castrates, and castrates implanted
      with Silastic capsules containing testosterone) were exposed to day lengths
      increasing by 30 min per week from 8 to 16 hr. Again, prolactin levels increased
      in a similar fashion in all three groups at the time of refractoriness, which
      occurred when the day length reached 15-16 hr. Thus the timing of
      photorefractoriness and the associated rise in prolactin secretion which occur in
      response to photostimulation do not depend upon the presence of the gonads and
      are not affected when testosterone is maintained at a constant high level. Nor is
      the increase in prolactin altered when the cycle of gonadotrophin secretion which
      normally precedes it is completely suppressed by the implantation of a
      testosterone capsule. It would seem that prolactin secretion in the starling is
      stimulated by transfer from short to long day lengths, but not as a consequence
      of high gonadotrophin or androgen secretion rates.

PMID- 6428970
TI  - Thyroidectomy prevents the development of photorefractoriness and the associated
      rise in plasma prolactin in starlings.
AB  - Intact and radiothyroidectomized male starlings were transferred from short (8
      hr) to long (16-hr) day lengths and measurements made of testicular development
      and of plasma prolactin concentrations. In intact birds the testes reached full
      maturity within 3 weeks and regressed after 6 weeks of photostimulation,
      indicative of the development of photorefractoriness . Prolactin levels increased
      gradually, reaching maximal values (25.2 +/- 4.7 ng/ml compared with 1.2 +/- 0.2
      ng/ml before photostimulation) at the time of testicular regression. Testicular
      growth was normal in the thyroidectomized birds, but in three of eight testes
      remained fully mature for at least 1 year, and prolactin remained low (below 2.0
      ng/ml) during this entire time. The testes of the other five thyroidectomized
      birds did regress partially, accompanied by a corresponding increase in
      prolactin, although the testes subsequently regrew . Removal of the testes from
      thyroidectomized birds after 1 year on long days resulted in a marked rise in
      plasma FSH, indicating that these birds were indeed not photorefractory ; FSH
      levels in the refractory-intact starlings remained low after castration. These
      results confirm that the presence of an intact thyroid gland is essential for the
      development of photorefractoriness and for the release of prolactin which
      normally follows photostimulation.

PMID- 6428971
TI  - Effects of gonadectomy and sex steroids on pituitary gonadotrophin release and
      response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in the bullfrog, Rana
      catesbeiana.
AB  - Gonadectomy of adult bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, elevated plasma levels of both
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Profiles of
      plasma gonadotrophins after gonadectomy were similar in the two sexes; however,
      FSH increased faster in females than males. Both gonadotrophins continued to rise
      for several months and remained elevated after 1 year, but there was some
      dissociation between the two hormones; FSH increased sooner (1 week vs 3 weeks),
      reached higher levels (FSH/LH much greater than 1), and did not show the
      secondary decline exhibited in LH. Similarly, in subadult males and females,
      gonadectomy increased plasma FSH by 1 week but LH levels were less affected.
      Postgonadectomy increases in both gonadotrophins were prevented by chronic (6
      week) implantation of capsules containing estradiol-17 beta (E2) or 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and treatment with DHT and E2 within physiological
      ranges starting 1 year after gonadectomy also suppressed chronically elevated
      levels of plasma gonadotrophins. Compared to untreated gonadectomized frogs, the
      rate of increase in both plasma gonadotrophins. Compared to untreated
      gonadectomized frogs, the rate of increase in both plasma gonadotrophins was
      accelerated after removal of DHT at 6 weeks. Acute pituitary responsiveness to a
      gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was markedly reduced in short-term
      (3.5-8 weeks) gonadectomized subadult males (but not females) and in long-term (1
      year) gonadectomized males and females. Treatment with E2 had no effect on GnRH
      responsiveness in these frogs, but DHT implants significantly enhanced the
      response to agonist in both sexes. Thus, the nonaromatizable androgen--DHT--may
      have both negative feedback effects (at the hypothalamic level) and positive
      effects at the level of the pituitary, whereas, estrogen exhibited only the
      former, negative feedback activity. Sex differences in circulating DHT, which are
      detectable even in juveniles, may account for the sexual dimorphism in pituitary
      responsiveness to GnRH in the bullfrog.

PMID- 6428972
TI  - Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the chick embryo. V.
      The effects of thyroidectomy on T4 levels in blood plasma.

PMID- 6428973
TI  - The role of androgen in the development of sexual differences in pituitary
      responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in the bullfrog,
      Rana catesbeiana.
AB  - Sexual differences in pituitary responsiveness to acute injection of gonadotropin
      releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, as measured by increments in plasma FSH and LH,
      were examined throughout development in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Untreated
      tadpoles, in various stages of metamorphosis, were unresponsive to GnRH agonist.
      Postmetamorphic males showed a progressive increase in the magnitude of pituitary
      response with age, whereas females remained relatively insensitive until after
      sexual maturation; males were always more responsive than females. Chronic (1-2.5
      week) Silastic implants containing 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
      significantly augmented the pituitary response (for both gonadotropins) in intact
      postmetamorphic females at all ages; a similar, though less pronounced, action of
      testosterone in subadult females may have been due to its conversion to DHT.
      (Silastic implants of comparable size always produced higher circulating levels
      of DHT in females than in males as was observed in previous studies with
      gonadectomized frogs.) DHT enhanced the responsiveness of intact tadpoles (sexes
      undetermined); only the treated tadpoles responded to the GnRH agonist.
      Supplemental DHT did not enhance pituitary response in intact males; in fact, it
      attenuated the response in FSH. GnRH responsiveness paralleled changes in
      pituitary gonadotropin content; pituitary content of FSH and LH was higher in
      males than females; it showed a marked increase with age from tadpole to adult;
      and it was increased by DHT treatment. The potentiating effect of DHT on GnRH
      responsiveness and the significantly higher levels of DHT observed in males of
      all ages suggest that the nonaromatizable androgen DHT may be responsible for the
      early establishment and maintenance of sexual dimorphism in pituitary GnRH
      responsiveness in the bullfrog.

PMID- 6428974
TI  - Factors influencing disproportionate replication of the ribosomal RNA cistrons in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - This report describes studies of the compensatory response employing D.
      melanogaster stocks that bear cloned-X chromosomes derived from laboratory
      populations of strains Oregon R and Canton S. We find that modification of the
      autosomal background in either the female or the XY male parent influences the
      expression of the compensatory response by X chromosomes derived from the Canton
      S population, whereas Oregon R isolates are unresponsive to these effects. We
      have also studied compensatory replication in X/O larvae produced from cloned-X
      derivatives of both Canton S and Oregon R. Canton S larval compensation exceeds
      that of the adult, whereas in Oregon R the converse is true. We have concluded
      that both X chromosomal and autosomal factors affect the expression and magnitude
      of the compensatory response.

PMID- 6428975
TI  - Ribosomal RNA cistrons of X chromosomes clonally derived from D. melanogaster
      laboratory populations: redundancy, organization and stability.
AB  - To determine whether heterogeneity exists in the organization or redundancy of
      the rRNA cistrons of inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster, we have
      derived a number of sublines from the strains Oregon R and Canton S. These two
      strains were chosen because our previous studies have demonstrated a difference
      in the competence of these strains to exhibit a "compensatory response" of the
      rDNA. In each subline, the X chromosomes are descended from a single maternal X,
      that is, each line is homozygous for a particular nucleolus organizer (NO). These
      derivative lines have been characterized in terms of rDNA content and
      organization, using quantitative liquid hybridizations and Southern blot
      analyses, respectively. Our studies reveal that both of the highly inbred parent
      populations contained a heterogeneous array of X chromosomal rDNA contents. Once
      isogenized, the rDNA redundancy of a given X chromosomal NO can be shown to
      remain stable for at least 20 generations in culture. We detect no restriction
      pattern heterogeneity among X chromosomes isolated from a given strain, despite
      relatively large differences in their rDNA contents. This leads us to suggest
      that there is no significant clustering of intervening sequence-bearing (ivs+)
      genes within the rDNA loci of chromosomes from the populations examined.
      Furthermore, we conclude that apparent alterations in rDNA redundancy known as
      the compensatory response are not related to the heterogeneity of rDNA content
      within a population.

PMID- 6428976
TI  - On the components of segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster. III.
      Nature of enhancer of SD.
AB  - Analysis of X-ray-induced deletions in the Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosome,
      SD-5, revealed that this chromosome had a gene proximal to lt in the centric
      heterochromatin of 2L that strongly enhanced the meiotic drive caused by the SD
      chromosome. This Enhancer of Segregation Distortion [E(SD)] locus had not been
      characterized in earlier studies of SD chromosomes because it cannot be readily
      separated by recombination from the Responder (Rsp) locus in the proximal
      heterochromatin of 2R.--To determine whether E(SD) is a general component of all
      SD chromosomes and to examine further its effects on distortion, we produced
      deletions of E(SD) in three additional SD chromosomes. Analysis of these
      deletions leads to the following conclusions: (1) along with Sd and Rsp, E(SD) is
      common to all SD chromosomes; (2) the E(SD) allele on each SD chromosome enhances
      distortion by the same amount, which indicates that allelic variation at the
      E(SD) locus is not responsible for the different drive strengths seen among SD
      chromosomes; (3) E(SD) causes very little or no distortion by itself in the
      absence of Sd; (4) E(SD), like Sd, acts in a dosage-dependent manner; (5) E(SD)
      exerts its effect in cis or trans to Sd; and (6) if E(SD)+ exists, its function
      is not related to SD.

PMID- 6428977
TI  - Length of foreign DNA in chimeric plasmids determines the efficiency of its
      integration into the chromosome of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2.
AB  - The photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2 is efficiently transformed by
      DNA molecules that contain antibiotic genes from Escherichia coli linked to a
      segment of Synechococcus R2 chromosomal DNA. Antibiotic-resistant transformants
      result from integration of donor DNA into the cyanobacterial chromosome by
      homologous recombination. Foreign DNA interrupting the cyanobacterial sequence in
      the donor molecule integrates by replacement of homologous recipient DNA with
      donor DNA containing the foreign insert. Foreign DNA linked to the ends of the
      cyanobacterial fragment in a circular donor molecule integrates by a reciprocal
      cross-over between donor and recipient sequences. Using donor molecules that
      contain different lengths of foreign DNA in both of the above positions, we have
      determined that the probability of integration decreases by half for each
      increase of 2 to 3 kb in length of a foreign segment, regardless of its position
      in the donor molecule. The length of one of the two foreign segments has no
      effect on the integration of the other. Foreign DNA 20 kb in length is completely
      stable when it has integrated by the replacement mechanism. The ability to stably
      introduce large pieces of foreign DNA makes Synechococcus R2 an attractive
      organism in which to study and modify both native and heterologous genes involved
      in oxygenic photosynthesis.

PMID- 6428978
TI  - Secretion and processing of an immunoglobulin light chain in Escherichia coli.
AB  - When a cDNA coding for the kappa light chain (L-321) from the mouse MOPC321
      myeloma was cloned into Escherichia coli, L-321 antigens were found in both
      cytoplasmic and periplasmic fractions. In cells synthesizing the intact chain,
      starting with its signal peptide, the periplasm contained a mature-size
      immunoglobulin indicating that the eukaryotic signal peptide can initiate
      secretion and be processed. When the entire cDNA for L-321 (including its signal
      peptide) was inserted in the gene for bacterial beta-lactamase, processing
      cleaved only the first bacterial signal sequence of the hybrid protein
      synthesized. Removal of the beta-lactamase signal peptide was also observed with
      another beta-lactamase-L-321 hybrid which did not include the immunoglobulin
      signal peptide and the adjacent part of the variable region. The two hybrid
      proteins may, however, differ in their mode of secretion.

PMID- 6428979
TI  - Leadership in gerontological nursing.

PMID- 6428980
TI  - Hepatotoxicity to sodium valproate: a review.

PMID- 6428981
TI  - Effects of single and repeated doses of omeprazole on gastric acid and pepsin
      secretion in man.
AB  - The effects of omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, on gastric acid and
      pepsin secretion have been studied in twelve healthy subjects. From six to eight
      hours after a single oral dose of 30 mg, there was a 66% reduction in basal acid
      output, and a 71.2% reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output. A single
      dose of 60 mg produced a 91.7% reduction in basal acid output and a 95.3%
      reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output. After seven days treatment with
      30 or 60 mg daily, there was almost 100% inhibition of both basal and
      pentagastrin stimulated acid output. Omeprazole did not significantly affect
      pepsin secretion which is in keeping with its proposed mode of action, as an
      inhibitor of the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme on the secretory membrane of the parietal
      cell. There were no side effects after omeprazole either with single or repeated
      dosing.

PMID- 6428982
TI  - Refractory duodenal ulcer.
AB  - A refractory duodenal ulcer was arbitrarily defined as one that had failed to
      heal completely after treatment with cimetidine 1 g daily for three months. Of 66
      patients with refractory duodenal ulcer, healing eventually occurred in 37
      patients, after treatment for an average of 7.4 months. But 28 patients did not
      heal despite treatment for an average of 9.4 months; and one patient defaulted.
      In 41 patients the daily dose of cimetidine was increased to 2 g: the ulcers in
      31 patients healed. In eight patients the daily dose was increased to 3 g and
      healing occurred in four patients. Eighteen patients required admission on 22
      occasions because of severe symptoms despite treatment. Nine patients underwent
      surgery but in five the results were poor. Differences in clinical and endoscopic
      features between refractory and non-refractory ulcer patients were small. Acid
      and pepsin secretion were similar and gastrin concentrations normal. Blood levels
      of the drug and suppression of acid secretion were both satisfactory.
      Identification of refractory ulcer patients at the start of treatment was
      therefore not possible. Refractoriness could occur at any time during the course
      of the disease, previous treatment with cimetidine often having resulted in rapid
      healing, but subsequent relapses were also usually refractory. The cause of
      refractoriness remains unknown and the rather poor results of surgery in this
      series suggests that optimal management of these patients remains to be
      determined. Refractoriness probably indicates a changed natural history of the
      disease and in some patients a more poor prognosis.

PMID- 6428983
TI  - Response of human adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy: as sole agents and in
      combination with sodium ibuprofen.
AB  - The sensitivity of 12 human tumors to various chemotherapeutic agents was
      measured in the 6-day subrenal capsule xenograft assay. All of the tumors were
      adenocarcinomas: 9 ovarian, 2 colon, and one endometrial. Doxorubicin, cisplatin,
      melphalan, 5- fluorouracil , methotrexate, and vinblastine sulfate were tested
      for antineoplastic activity on all tumors. In addition, a prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitor, sodium ibuprofen, was assayed for cytostatic activity and
      for the ability to enhance the cytotoxic activity of melphalan and vinblastine
      sulfate. The response of the tumors to the cytotoxic agents were variable, but 5
      of the 12 tumors showed a significant reduction of growth when the animals were
      treated with sodium ibuprofen alone. The addition of ibuprofen to the
      chemotherapeutic agents did not significantly alter the therapeutic activity of
      melphalan, but decreased the effectiveness of vinblastine in one case. When
      ibuprofen was given in combination with a cytotoxic drug, the primary
      cytoreductive effect was that of the cytotoxic agent.

PMID- 6428984
TI  - Chemical induction of ovarian epithelial carcinoma in mice.
AB  - Murine ovaries were treated with silk sutures saturated with a solution of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in beeswax. One of 35 animals developed an epithelial
      carcinoma. This tumor was not successfully transplanted into young animals.

PMID- 6428985
TI  - Maternal hyperventilation as a possible cause of fetal tachycardia sub partu. A
      clinical and experimental study.
AB  - Examination of 28 agitated, hyperventilating patients with fetal tachycardia
      showed that the mothers were in a hyperventilation-related state of hypocapnia
      and alkalosis. The mean maternal pCO2 was 17.48 +/- 6.79 mm Hg, the pH 7.54 +/-
      0.14, which caused a reflex spasm of the umbilical veins, fetal acidosis and
      fetal tachycardia. Additional experiments on sheep revealed a similar correlation
      between maternal hyperventilation, hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis and fetal
      tachycardia while the flow volume of the uterus showed no change.

PMID- 6428986
TI  - Spectrum of bone marrow cluster- and colony-forming units in healthy adult
      subjects.

PMID- 6428987
TI  - Extreme nuclear convolution in the mononuclear cells of a patient with monocytic
      leukemia.

PMID- 6428988
TI  - The use of serum ferritin to identify good and bad prognosis groups in acute
      myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 6428989
TI  - [Automated cytochemistry in chronic lymphatic leukemia: new cytoprognostic
      correlates].

PMID- 6428990
TI  - Decrease of lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor (LDCF) production in patients
      with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6428992
TI  - Gastrointestinal involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Report of 26 patients.

PMID- 6428991
TI  - Leukemic phase of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Hematological features and prognostic
      significance.

PMID- 6428993
TI  - Infections in a bone marrow transplant unit: analysis of 57 patients.

PMID- 6428994
TI  - Mixed lymphoid-myeloid leukemia presenting as acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6428995
TI  - Acute leukemia following acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia. A case report
      with description of clinical, morphological and cytochemical features.

PMID- 6428996
TI  - [Acute myelosclerosis. Evolution in acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6428997
TI  - Malignant lymphoma with hairy cells and IgM paraprotein. Splenic homing of
      secreting cells.

PMID- 6428998
TI  - Acquired storage pool deficiency with increased platelet-associated IgG in a
      patient with compensated chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 6428999
TI  - Intestinal absorption of tocopherols in homozygous beta-thalassemia. A study of
      twenty patients.

PMID- 6429000
TI  - Chromosome studies in acute promyelocytic leukemia. An analysis of 11 cases.

PMID- 6429001
TI  - The effect of increasing heparin doses and of heparinoid on platelet factor 4
      (PF4) release in normal subjects.

PMID- 6429002
TI  - Proliferative activity, response to therapy and survival in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6429003
TI  - Non Hodgkin's lymphomas: prognostic feature of 55 patients treated with MEVAP
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6429004
TI  - Leukemic lymphomas.

PMID- 6429005
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplant in acute leukemias and chronic myeloid
      leukemia. Preliminary results from the BMT center of Pesaro.

PMID- 6429006
TI  - Transient erytroblastopenia of childhood and familial triphalangeal thumb.

PMID- 6429007
TI  - Fibroplastic endomyocarditis with eosinophilia: presentation of a fatal case and
      diagnostic considerations on eosinophilic leukemia.

PMID- 6429008
TI  - [Centrocytic lymphoma developing into leukemic immunoblastic lymphoma.
      Immunohistochemical demonstration of monoclonality].

PMID- 6429009
TI  - Flunarizine in microdrepanocytic disease.

PMID- 6429010
TI  - Dimethyl sulphoxide in primary AL amyloidosis.

PMID- 6429011
TI  - [Clinical verification of the possible biphasic origin of myeloma].

PMID- 6429012
TI  - Near-tetraploidy in acute leukemia.

PMID- 6429013
TI  - Analysis of leukemic cells by monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6429014
TI  - Acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients.

PMID- 6429015
TI  - Correlation between changes induced by venous occlusion on factor VIII-von
      Willebrand factor components and fibrinolytic activity.
AB  - The effects of standardized venous occlusion (VO) on factor VIII-von Willebrand
      factor (F VIII-VWF) components (F VIII:C, F VIIIR:AG, F VIIIR:RCof) and on
      fibrinolytic activity were investigated in 45 healthy subjects, in 28 women on
      oral contraceptives, and in 78 patients with various chronic diseases (28 with
      peripheral arterial disease, 19 with liver cirrhosis, 13 with rheumatoid
      arthritis, and 18 with diabetes). All the three F VIII-VWF components showed
      highly significant increases, although not of the same magnitude, with consequent
      variations in the ratios between them. A significant activation of fibrinolysis
      was also demonstrated with both euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and diluted blood
      clot lysis time (DBCLT). A strong linear correlation between pre- and post-stasis
      values was recorded for all the F VIII-VWF components and for the two
      fibrinolysis tests. No significant relationship was, on the contrary, found
      between F VIII-VWF and fibrinolytic parameters.

PMID- 6429016
TI  - Influence of D,L-ethionine intoxication on galactosyl transferase activity and
      morphology of the rat liver Golgi apparatus.
AB  - Eight hours after single, intraperitoneal injection of D,L-ethionine to rats,
      statistically significant increased activity of liver Golgi apparatus UDP-Gal
      GlcNAc transferase calculated per g as well as per total liver in comparison with
      control was found. Specific activity of the enzyme was higher than normal,
      however not statistically significant. Yield of Golgi-rich membrane fraction was
      unchanged in comparison with control. Slight stimulation of liver Golgi apparatus
      expressed in increased area of this organelle and marginal dilatation of
      dictyosome cisternae and secretory vacuoles were found in morphological analysis
      performed in electron microscope.

PMID- 6429017
TI  - Variations of the gyrus and sulcus cinguli in phylo- and ontogenesis.

PMID- 6429018
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of lowering the aflatoxin tolerance level.
AB  - The cost-effectiveness of adopting aflatoxin tolerance levels of 15, 10 and 5 ppb
      for peanuts and peanut products was assessed. Estimates of the annual cost to
      manufacturers of monitoring and controlling peanut aflatoxin levels at the
      current 20-ppb action level, and estimates of the projected increase in costs of
      establishing lower tolerances were elicited from producers by questionnaire.
      Exposures to peanut products were derived from the HANES I survey and from peanut
      production statistics. The risk of liver cancer at each tolerance level was
      estimated using both epidemiological and extrapolated experimental data assuming
      that exposure would be reduced in direct proportion to the decrease in the
      tolerance. It was found that the 15-ppb tolerance would cost $60,000 per cancer
      death averted (range $20,000-$1,700,000) and is therefore relatively cost
      effective. The marginal costs per life saved for both the 10-ppb and 5-ppb levels
      were found to be $1.7 million (range $0.6 million-$11.4 million) and $1.6 million
      (range +0.6 million-$31.1 million), respectively. Conclusions on the optimal
      regulatory approach should be guided by comparisons of these figures with
      corresponding cost-effectiveness ratios for alternative regulatory uses of
      national resources in the interests of public health.

PMID- 6429019
TI  - Kathon--genotoxicity studies.

PMID- 6429020
TI  - Ankle diastasis without fracture.
AB  - Ankle diastasis without associated fracture occurs in a latent form in which the
      diastasis is detected only by stress radiographs, and in a frank form with the
      diastasis visible on routine, unstressed radiographs. Whereas latent ankle
      diastasis requires no reduction and can be treated by cast immobilization, frank
      diastasis requires anatomical reduction of the ankle mortise. The method of
      reduction depends upon the particular type of frank diastasis. We have identified
      four types of frank ankle diastasis without fracture. Type I injuries demonstrate
      straight lateral fibular subluxation without plastic deformation of the fibula
      and are best treated by open reduction, removal of any interposed soft tissue,
      and stabilization with a tibiofibular screw. Type II injuries present with
      straight lateral subluxation of the fibula due to plastic deformation of the
      distal fibula and may require a fibular osteotomy for reduction prior to internal
      fixation. Plastic deformation of the fibula as a cause of ankle diastasis has not
      been previously reported. The uncommon type III injury consists of posterior
      rotatory subluxation of the fibula. In type IV injuries the talus is dislocated
      superiorly, resulting in divergence of the tibia and fibula. Type III and IV
      injuries can usually be treated by closed manipulation and plaster
      immobilization. The authors treated four type I and two type II patients by open
      reduction and internal fixation. Both type II injuries required fibular osteotomy
      to restore the normal tibiofibular relationship. Good results were obtained in
      four patients. Fair results secondary to stiffness and pain on activity were
      present in two patients. All patients maintained anatomical reduction of the
      ankle mortise following removal of the tibiofibular screw.

PMID- 6429021
TI  - [Long-term therapy of angina pectoris. Evaluation of the effectiveness and
      tolerance of oxyfedrine in ambulatory patients].
AB  - In an open multicentre trial, the clinical efficacy and tolerance of Oxyfedrine,
      (Ildamen forte) was evaluated in 123 patients with angina pectoris. After three
      months of treatment the frequency of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin
      consumption were markedly reduced in 80 percent, after 12 months in 88% of
      patients; 37 percent were totally angina-free and 50% were without need for
      sublingual nitroglycerin. Side-effects were reported by 23.6% of patients during
      the first months of treatment with a total of eight symptoms being reported in 40
      instances; after one year, the incidence of side-effects was substantially
      reduced to 8 instances in 6 percent of patients. Laboratory investigation were
      not significantly affected: in 11 patients minor deviations from the reference
      range were noted without clinical relevance. Dropouts due do drug intolerance
      were not observed.

PMID- 6429022
TI  - [Complex focal seizures: studies based on the cranial computer tomogram, clinical
      aspects and longitudinal EEG studies].
AB  - Investigations were made on 113 patients suffering from CFS. Definite or highly
      probable diagnosis often was set up by anamnesis, observation and clinical
      findings. In 93.8% the EEG was abnormal (seizure patterns 35.8%, focal
      abnormalities 5 8.4%, focal seizure discharges 14.1%). CCT showed pathological
      findings only in 58.4%. It was unavoidable in the diagnosis of tumors which were
      rarely found (8.8%). It showed localised brain lesions of various etiology in
      31.8%, seldom perinatal brain damage or unspecific hydrocephali (17.7%). It is
      concluded that anamnesis, observation, clinical findings and EEG are the primary
      diagnostic steps in suspected CFS. EEG is the best for the patients survey, CCT,
      even if mostly indispensable because of its high evidence in morphological brain
      impairment often is of little or no use in he diagnosis of CFS, EEG and CCT are
      unavoidable in medical certificates.

PMID- 6429023
TI  - Hyperglycaemic clamp and insulin binding to isolated monocytes before and after
      glibenclamide treatment of mild type II diabetics.
AB  - The therapeutic action of 3.5 mg glibenclamide (HB 420) once a day for six weeks
      was evaluated in ten mild NID diabetics previously treated with diet only. Stable
      HbA1, insulin secretion during hyperglycaemic clamp (100 mg/dl over the baseline
      in the first study, and at the same level in the second one), peripheral
      sensitivity expressed as the amount of dextrose infused per Kg per min (M
      coefficient), the glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the M/I ratio were
      measured. Circulating monocytes were separated to assess insulin binding before
      and after treatment. The results included a significant decrease in HbA1 (7.5 +/-
      0.3 against 8.4 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.005), increased steady-state (100-120
      min.) plasma insulin (31 +/- 4.4 against 25.7 +/- 3.9 microU/ml), a significant
      increase in M-coefficient (4.02 +/- 0.62 against 2.49 +/- 0.31 mg/Kg/min, P less
      than 0.01), and MCR (1.90 +/- 0.34 against 1.18 +/- 0.18 ml/Kg/min, P less than
      0.025) and an increase in the M/I ratio (14.6 +/- 1.9 against 11.2 +/- 1.7). All
      subjects displayed an increase in total insulin binding (4.03 +/- 0.31% against
      2.79 +/- 0.34%, P less than 0.001) and affinity constants (Ke = 8.3 +/- 0.6
      against 6.6 +/- 0.4 X 10(7) M-1, P less than 0.05). Since the M/I ratio increased
      in only 7/10 subjects and since there was no significant correlations between the
      percentage increase in M and MCR and the plasma insulin increase, whereas the
      increase in R0 was significant, it is felt that the euglycaemizing action of low
      doses of glibenclamide is primarily peripheral.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429024
TI  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the peripheral plasma
      levels of pancreatic glucagon and insulin in man.

PMID- 6429025
TI  - B-lymphoproliferative disorders: a proposed unified pathogenetic pathway.
AB  - The clinical features of lymphoproliferative diseases associated with
      paraproteinemia are briefly reviewed and correlated with current immunologic
      concepts in an effort to clarify the pathophysiology of B-lymphocyte disorders. B
      lymphocyte maturation proceeds in a predictable manner from the Pre-B cell to the
      formation of idiotype specific plasma cells and memory B-lymphocytes. The
      immunoglobulin isotype produced by the mature plasma cell is determined by a site
      specific process of gene switching which proceeds from mu to alpha production.
      Lymphoproliferative diseases are the result of disordered B cell maturation and
      their clinical features can be explained by identifying the locus of the
      maturational defect.

PMID- 6429026
TI  - Technology acquisition poses thorny dilemma to hospitals.

PMID- 6429027
TI  - Insurers ironing out wrinkles in long-term care coverage.

PMID- 6429028
TI  - Gonadotrophic hormone and cortisol levels in women during adaptation to polar
      conditions.

PMID- 6429029
TI  - Correlation between blood flow and partial pressure and consumption of oxygen in
      the human cerebral cortex (toward a theory of tissue gas exchange).

PMID- 6429030
TI  - Measurement of the cardiac output during exercise of increasing power by a
      modified rebreathing method.

PMID- 6429031
TI  - Blood groups and HLA antigens in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Frequencies of blood groups (ABO, Rh, MNSs, P, Kell, Lewis and Duffy) and HLA
      antigens were studied in a series of patients from northern Sweden with abdominal
      aortic aneurysms. The following significant differences from the controls were
      found: a decreased frequency of the Rh-negative blood group and increased
      frequencies of the Kell-positive and MN blood groups. Previously reported
      associations with the ABO and Rh systems were not confirmed.

PMID- 6429032
TI  - Impedance of skeletal muscle from 1 Hz to 1 MHz.

PMID- 6429033
TI  - B-cell-tropic interleukins in murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 1.
AB  - Functional in vitro studies of B cells from 3 murine strains which develop severe
      early onset SLE-like disease with marked polyclonal B cell hyperactivity lead to
      the following conclusions: 1.) B cell proliferation and differentiation in lupus
      mice remains dependent on accessory signals of either macrophage or T cell
      origin; 2.) B cells from BXSB, NZB/W and MRL/1 mice appear to require the same
      number and type of signals as normal B cells to undergo polyclonal or antigen
      directed responses. B cells of BXSB and NZB/W, but not MRL/1, origin differ from
      normal B cells by their higher sensitivity (or degree of response) to the signals
      they receive; 3.) Proliferating T cells in enlarged nodes and spleens of older
      MRL/1 mice, in the absence of mitogens, secrete in vitro abnormally high levels
      of a factor (L-BCDF) inducing terminal differentiation of activated B cells to Ig
      secreting cells. Based on these findings, murine SLE can be divided into 2 main
      types which may, nevertheless, share some characteristics: Type 1 murine SLE,
      characterized by primary B cell hyperresponsiveness to activating signals and
      lymphokines promoting B cell growth and differentiation (NZ and BXSB strains);
      and, Type 2 murine SLE, characterized by T helper cell hyperactivity and
      overproduction by proliferating T cells of one or more B cell differentiation
      factors (MRL/1 strain). In both types of murine SLE, abnormal responses to
      accessory signals or overproduction of differentiation-inducing signals
      ultimately leads to polyclonal and auto-antigen specific B cell expansion,
      hypergammaglobulinemia and auto-antibody production, and Ig gene rearrangement
      (IgM to IgG switching), resulting in the production of pathogenic IgG type auto
      antibodies and disease.

PMID- 6429034
TI  - B cell growth and differentiation factors.
AB  - The role of T lymphocytes in regulation of B cell responsiveness has been
      recognized for over a decade. Early studies assigned part of this regulation to a
      soluble product, initially designated T cell-replacing factor or TRF. Recently,
      investigators have discovered a level of factor complexity skillfully camouflaged
      by this simple term. Accordingly, the concept has now matured to encompass a
      battery of antigen non-specific, genetically unrestricted soluble factors which
      govern all aspects of B cell immunity: activation, proliferation, and
      differentiation. Here, we review our developing knowledge of this area. While
      many questions remain unresolved, there seems cause for optimism and a hope that
      increased understanding of these factors and their mode of action will eventually
      reveal the basis of B cell immunoregulation.

PMID- 6429035
TI  - B cell differentiation factor in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - In this paper we have summarized our findings on immune activity in patients with
      Rheumatoid Arthritis. RA is characterized not only by the formation of various
      autoantibodies but also of a hyperreactivity of the B cell system, shown as an
      increased DNA synthetic rate of blood non-T, non-monocytic lymphocytes as well as
      an increased number of actively antibody secreting cells both in the blood and
      the synovial fluid. Synovial fluid contains biological activity which synergizes
      with PWM for the induction of Ig-secreting cells in blood from healthy controls.
      The factor can also substitute for T cells in the PWM-induced antibody synthesis
      in vitro. This activity fits well with the finding that SF contains a factor
      which induces increased formation of IgG in LPS-pretreated mouse cell cultures.
      Experiments show that the factor leads to a preferential increase in the
      production of IgG2b antibody secreting cells. Therefore, we conclude that
      synovial fluid contains a B cell differentiating factor with a selective effect
      on the induction of a particular IgG subclass.

PMID- 6429036
TI  - Concanavalin A-induced interferon gamma production by murine spleen cells and T
      cell lines. Lack of correlation with Lyt 1,2 phenotype.
AB  - Concanavalin A(Con A)-induced interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) production by resting
      or preactivated murine spleen cells negatively selected with monoclonal
      antibodies specific for Lyt 1,2 antigens plus complement (C) and by interleukin
      2(IL-2)-dependent T cell lines of different Lyt phenotype was studied. The data
      show that most of the IFN-gamma produced upon stimulation of resting spleen cells
      was a product of Lyt 1+2+ cells. Lyt 1-2+ cells were negative for IFN gamma
      production. When spleen cells that had been preactivated for 3 days with Con A
      were restimulated with Con A, Lyt 1+2+, Lyt 1+2- as well as Lyt 1-2+ cells
      produced IFN gamma in a relationship of approximately 5:3:1. In both cases the
      picture remained unaltered independently when the supernatants were harvested
      after 1, 3 or 5 days. Furthermore, two IL-2 dependent T cell lines were studied
      in regard to Con A-induced IFN gamma production. Line 1.3 was Thy 1+, Lyt 1-2+,
      whereas line 20.9. was Thy 1+, Lyt 1+2-. Both lines produced initially high
      titers of IFN gamma upon stimulation with Con A. After prolonged passage in
      vitro, however, they progressively lost the capacity to produce IFN gamma.

PMID- 6429037
TI  - The appearance of fluorescein-labelled lymphocytes in lymph following in vitro or
      in vivo labelling: the route of lymphocyte recirculation through mesenteric lymph
      nodes.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) has been used to study lymphocyte migration in
      sheep. After being labelled in vitro with FITC, lymphocytes migrated from blood
      into lymph at the same rate and with the same recovery as lymphocytes labelled
      with with the radioisotope 51chromium. The in vivo labelling of mesenteric lymph
      nodes (MLN) with FITC resulted in high numbers of labelled lymphocytes appearing
      in prescapular lymph. However, the appearance of the FITC-labelled lymphocytes in
      the prescapular lymph could be prevented by cannulating the main intestinal lymph
      duct prior to the in vivo labelling procedure. It was concluded that lymphocytes
      labelled in vivo within the MLN required an intact lymphatic system to reach the
      blood circulation and did not enter the venous circulation directly from the MLN.

PMID- 6429038
TI  - Linkage of the Igl-1 structural and regulatory genes to Akv-2 on chromosome 16.
AB  - Evidence is presented here for a close linkage between Akv-2, an ecotropic
      provirus found uniquely on chromosome 16 of AKR/N mice, and the immunoglobulin
      lambda 1 light chain locus, Igl-1. No recombinants between the Igl-1 locus and
      Akv-2 were found by Southern blot analysis of DNA obtained from progeny of the
      backcross of (AKR/N X SJL/J)F1 to SJL/J, indicating that these genes map within
      5.9 cM of each other. A probe specific for the flanking sequence of Akv-2 was
      used to detect the provirus, while one specific for the Igl-1 constant region was
      used to determine which allele of the structural gene was expressed in the
      backcross mice. The constant region of Igl-1 differs between AKR/N and SJL/J with
      respect to a site for the restriction endonuclease KpnI. This backcross was also
      used to seek recombinants between the regulatory, Igl-1r, and structural, Igl-1,
      loci of the immunoglobulin light chain locus, since the existence of such
      recombinants would prove that these loci are distinct. Since only parental types
      were recovered in the offspring, the structural and regulatory loci are no more
      than 2.3 cM apart, and the implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 6429039
TI  - Influence of heredity on ocular malformation.

PMID- 6429040
TI  - Bacteriological study of periodontal lesions in two sisters with juvenile
      periodontitis and their mother.
AB  - A total of five bacteriological samples from the periodontal pockets of two
      sisters with localized juvenile periodontitis and their mother with advanced
      periodontitis was studied. Gram-negative anaerobic rods were predominant in the
      samples. Bacteroides intermedius and Bacteroides loescheii were the most
      predominant species. The antigenicity and bacteriocinogenicity of these isolates
      were quite similar. Serum immunoglobulin G antibody levels of the subjects to
      gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria were measured by using the micro-enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of antibodies to saccharolytic black
      pigmented Bacteroides species were significantly higher than the levels in
      healthy young females.

PMID- 6429041
TI  - Ceruloplasmin and regulation of transferrin iron during Neisseria meningitidis
      infection in mice.
AB  - The role of ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase I; EC 1.16.3.1) in iron metabolism during
      experimental Neisseria meningitidis infection was investigated. Plasma
      ceruloplasmin activity was found to increase greatly in mice during the
      convalescence phase of iron-controlled infection and after a plasma hypoferremia
      had occurred. Ceruloplasmin activity-deficient animals became hypoferremic as a
      result of an impaired release of iron from the reticuloendothelial system as
      shown by impaired return of reticuloendothelial system-processed heme iron in
      these mice. Hypoferremia in ceruloplasmin activity-deficient mice was associated
      with an increased resistance to N. meningitidis infection, an effect reversed
      readily by ceruloplasmin supplementation or iron addition. This evidence
      implicated ceruloplasmin activity as an important component in the regulation of
      the plasma transferrin iron pool and suggested that an important role of
      additional ceruloplasmin as an acute-phase protein might be related to the
      requirement of additional transferrin iron. This study also provided further
      evidence of the importance of transferrin iron and host hypoferremia in bacterial
      infection.

PMID- 6429042
TI  - Genetic and biochemical evidence for a siderophore-dependent iron transport
      system in Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
AB  - During growth under conditions of iron deprivation, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
      secreted a siderophore into the culture medium. This extracellular siderophore
      was necessary for rates of iron uptake at pH 8.0 by C. diphtheriae C7 and related
      strains. We isolated a mutant of C. diphtheriae C7(beta), strain HC6, which did
      not make the corynebacterial siderophore. Strain HC6 grew very poorly, even under
      high-iron conditions, and had a severe defect in iron transport. Both growth and
      iron uptake by strain HC6 were greatly stimulated by the corynebacterial
      siderophore. We used strain HC6 to develop a bioassay for the corynebacterial
      siderophore and to look for other potential siderophores for C. diphtheriae.
      Among the purified phenolate and hydroxamate siderophores tested, only aerobactin
      was able to stimulate the growth of strain HC6. Partial purification of the
      corynebacterial siderophore was achieved. The siderophore did not give positive
      reactions in the Arnow test for phenolates or the Csaky test for hydroxamates and
      may have a novel chemical structure.

PMID- 6429043
TI  - Changes in serum colony-stimulating factor and monocytic progenitor cells during
      Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.
AB  - The capacity of a host to produce and mobilize monocytes is an essential
      component of host defenses during the early phases of infection caused by
      Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, the concentrations of colony stimulating
      factor (CSF) and the numbers of monocyte progenitor cells (CFUm) were measured in
      mice during infection with L. monocytogenes. The concentration of CSF in serum
      increased sharply during the first 24 h of infection and remained elevated for
      the next 7 days. The number of CFUm in the bone marrow, however, decreased during
      the first 4 days after injection of L. monocytogenes. Thereafter, the number
      increased slowly, returning to normal on day 14. The decrease in marrow
      progenitor cells did not appear to result from a reduced sensitivity to CSF. In
      contrast to bone marrow changes, spleen progenitor cells increased greater than
      400%, reaching a peak 7 days after bacterial challenge. These data indicate that
      monocyte production during L. monocytogenes infection is correlated with a rise
      in serum CSF concentration, depletion of bone marrow CFUm, and an increase in the
      number of spleen CFUm.

PMID- 6429044
TI  - Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae hemolysin: purification, partial characterization, and
      immunological relatedness to El Tor hemolysin.
AB  - Hemolysin of a non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strain was purified and characterized. The
      purified hemolysin gave a single protein band on conventional and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was estimated as 60,000 by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. It had a pI of
      5.7. The purified hemolysin caused increased vascular permeability of rabbit skin
      and rapid death of mice on intravenous injection and also lysed erythrocytes of
      various animal species. An Ouchterlony double gel diffusion test using antiserum
      against the purified hemolysin indicated that the hemolysin from non-O1 V.
      cholerae was immunologically related, but not identical, to the hemolysin from El
      Tor V. cholerae. Antiserum against the purified hemolysin neutralized the
      hemolytic activity of the hemolysins from not only non-O1 but also El Tor V.
      cholerae.

PMID- 6429045
TI  - Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human tracheobronchial mucin.
AB  - A microtiter plate assay was developed to study the adherence of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa to purified human tracheobronchial mucin. The wells of the plates were
      treated with silicon to minimize nonspecific binding of bacteria and then coated
      with a solution of purified human tracheobronchial mucin. Bacteria were added to
      the wells, and the plates were incubated at 37 degrees C. The wells were washed
      15 times in an automated microtiter plate washer, and the bacteria bound to wells
      were desorbed with Triton X-100 and plated for enumeration. Scanning electron
      microscopy verified bacterial adherence to the mucin-coated wells and desorption
      of bacteria by Triton X-100. Adherence of P. aeruginosa increased as the
      concentration of mucin used to coat the wells was increased, with saturation
      occurring at 0.5 microgram of mucin protein per ml. Other parameters that
      affected adherence included the time of incubation and concentration of bacteria.
      Similar studies with strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
      indicated a relative lack of binding of these bacteria to mucin. In comparing
      different strains of P. aeruginosa, there were small differences in binding
      between strains. It is inferred that there may be specific sites on human
      tracheobronchial mucin which facilitate this preferential binding.

PMID- 6429046
TI  - Preparation and characterization of a nontoxic polysaccharide-protein conjugate
      that induces active immunity and passively protective antibody against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 in mice.
AB  - Acid treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 lipopolysaccharide
      generated a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide fraction that was detectable in
      agar gel immunodiffusion but did not induce antibodies or resistance to infection
      in mice. The polysaccharide was treated with periodate to generate additional
      aldehyde groups. Oxidized polysaccharide was covalently coupled by reductive
      amination to 1,4-diaminobutyl-derivatized bovine serum albumin. Physical
      properties of the conjugate were characterized by gel filtration and high
      pressure liquid chromatography. The gelation activity of the conjugate in the
      Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay was 4,000-fold less than native
      lipopolysaccharide by weight. Mice immunized with the conjugate resisted
      challenge with P. aeruginosa immunotype 1 that killed 90% of mice immunized with
      saline. Immunization with the conjugate vaccine induced humoral immunoglobulin G
      that passively protected normal and burned mice. These results indicate that
      conjugation of nonimmunogenic polysaccharide antigen of P. aeruginosa restores
      immunogenicity similar to that of native lipopolysaccharide without restoring
      endotoxicity inherent in lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6429047
TI  - Alteration of murine immune response by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.
AB  - Pseudomonas exotoxin A has been implicated as a possible virulence factor in
      Pseudomonas infections. This toxin has a direct cytotoxic effect on a number of
      cell types, including macrophages and their precursors, and therefore may affect
      other cells of the immune system. NFR/N(H-2q) (+/nu or nu/nu) mice were immunized
      with either T-dependent or T-independent antigens along with various doses of
      exotoxin A. The immune response was then assayed by a modification of the Jerne
      plaque assay. Exotoxin A induced a dose-dependent suppression of the in vitro and
      in vivo immune responses to T-dependent and T-independent antigens in
      immunocompetent +/nu mice. However, in NFR/N nu/nu mice, suppression of the
      immune response to the T-independent antigen trinitrophenylated-Ficoll was not
      observed. Instead, a marked enhancement of the response was observed at doses of
      100 and 10 ng of exotoxin A. Removal of T-cells with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum plus
      complement before antigen and exotoxin A stimulation in +/nu mice results in
      abrogation of the suppression. These data suggest that Pseudomonas exotoxin A
      exerts an effect on both B- and T-lymphocyte populations to modulate the immune
      response and that this activity may be one facet of the pathogenic effects of
      this toxin.

PMID- 6429048
TI  - Preparation of human hyperimmune globulin to Haemophilus influenzae b,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - As a first step in exploring the feasibility of passive antibody prophylaxis and
      therapy of serious infections caused by common encapsulated bacteria, we have
      immunized healthy adults with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, 14-valent
      pneumococcal vaccine, and meningococcal group A and C vaccine; collected plasma
      by repeated pheresis; and purified a hyperimmune globulin termed bacterial
      polysaccharide immune globulin by the cold-ethanol fractionation method of Cohn
      and Oncley. Specific antibacterial antibody concentrations were measured in
      individual donors before and after immunization. In addition, antibody
      concentrations were measured in plasma pools prepared from immunized donors and
      from unimmunized controls and in the immunoglobulin-containing Cohn-Oncley
      fractions II and III derived from the respective plasma pools. A comparison of
      Cohn-Oncley fractions II, which contain primarily immunoglobulin G and which are
      used therapeutically as immune globulin, revealed that antibody to H. influenzae
      type b was enriched 15.3-fold and that antibody to meningococcal serogroups and
      pneumococcal types was enriched a mean of 4.4-fold (range, 1.2- to 9.9-fold).
      Enrichment of antibacterial antibody in Cohn fraction III, which contains
      substantial amounts of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A in addition to
      immunoglobulin G, closely paralleled that in fraction II. Only antibodies to
      pneumococcal types 1 and 7 were increased disproportionately in fraction III.
      Based on the clinical experience that conventional immune serum globulin at a
      dose of 100 mg/kg protects agammaglobulinemic patients for ca. 1 month, we
      estimate that bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin, in similar dosage, will
      provide protection from systemic H. influenzae type b infection for 4 to 6 months
      and from pneumococcal and meningococcal infections for 3 to 4 months.

PMID- 6429049
TI  - A single gene determines rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in mice.
AB  - In rats and some inbred mouse strains, one immune response, rapid expulsion,
      confers up to 95% protection against a challenge infection with Trichinella
      spiralis. Strain analysis in mice has shown that only three inbred strains, all
      originating from Swiss-line mice at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
      Md., express rapid expulsion. Crosses between responder strain mice (NFR/N) and
      nonresponders (C3H/HeJ or B10 X BR) have indicated that rapid expulsion is
      dominant and autosomal (Bell et al., Exp. Parasitol. 53:301-314, 1982). In this
      study a segregation analysis of rapid expulsion in the F2 and backcross conformed
      to the Mendelian ratios expected of a single gene. This gene was not linked to
      the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (chromosome 17) or the gene for
      albinism (c/c locus on chromosome 7). This locus has not previously been
      identified as conferring resistance to any infectious agent, and we have
      therefore designated the gene Ihe-1 (intestinal helminth expulsion 1).

PMID- 6429050
TI  - Influence of multiple genes on the magnitude of the antibody response to
      bacterial polysaccharide antigens.
AB  - Studies conducted with F1 and F2 progeny of crosses between strains of inbred
      mice that differ greatly in their capacity to make an antibody response to type
      III pneumococcal polysaccharide, dextran B-1355, and lipopolysaccharide from
      Escherichia coli 0113 have shown that multiple genes influence the magnitude of
      the antibody response to these antigens. Other studies with hybrids derived from
      crosses between C3H/HeJ, CBA/N, and RIIIS/J mice have indicated that the genetic
      defects characteristic of these strains of mice are dissimilar and unlinked and
      that autosomal, as well as X-linked, genes control serum immunoglobulin M in
      unimmunized mice.

PMID- 6429051
TI  - Purification and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus type 8 capsular
      polysaccharide.
AB  - Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus have been previously classified into
      eight types on the basis of their capsular polysaccharide. The high prevalence of
      the type 8 capsular polysaccharide among bacteremic isolates suggests the
      importance of this capsular antigen in staphylococcal disease. The capsular
      polysaccharide was purified from extracts of three clinical isolates of S. aureus
      type 8 of different geographic and temperal origin by ion-exchange chromatography
      and gel filtration. Gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and
      13C-nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the type 8 capsular polysaccharide is
      composed of O-acetyl groups, N-acetylfucosamine, and an aminouronic acid similar
      to N-acetylgalactosaminouronic acid. The purified polysaccharide reacted only
      with type 8 antiserum in double diffusion experiments. Our analysis shows that
      the type 8 polysaccharide is both chemically and serologically distinct from
      teichoic acid and previously characterized polysaccharides of S. aureus.

PMID- 6429052
TI  - Autoantibody pattern in non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - Acute and convalescent sera from 44 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis were
      tested for organ and non-organ specific autoantibodies by indirect
      immunofluorescence. In the acute-phase sera, 36.4% of the patients were positive
      for smooth muscle antibodies. Brush border antibodies and anti-reticulin
      antibodies were detected in 13.6% of the patients. Only two patients (4.5%) were
      positive for anti-nuclear antibodies. The autoantibody pattern did not relate to
      the different epidemiology, sex, a previous hepatitis B virus infection or to the
      biochemical liver function tests. The autoantibody pattern did not differ
      statistically in patients who recovered (23 cases) and in patients who progressed
      to chronic liver disease (21 cases), even if a higher frequency of smooth muscle
      antibodies was detected in the latter group. Convalescent sera screening showed
      that the clinical course of the disease did not relate to the behaviour of smooth
      muscle antibodies, brush border antibodies and anti-reticulin antibodies.
      However, an increase (28.6%) in anti-nuclear antibodies in patients who
      progressed to chronic liver disease was observed. The clinical significance of
      the presence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic
      sequelae following acute non-A, non-B hepatitis is discussed.

PMID- 6429053
TI  - Present knowledge of viral hepatitis.
AB  - The term viral hepatitis refers to the diseases produced by at least three, and
      perhaps four or five aetiologic agents that differ in their virologic
      characteristics, ecologic mechanisms, epidemiologic patterns, and long term
      consequences. These divergences are now well-defined for hepatitis A virus (HAV)
      and hepatitis B virus (HBV). HAV is an RNA virus dependent upon consecutive
      transmission in childhood, and is not associated with long term sequelae. In
      contrast, HBV is a DNA virus capable of producing a reservoir of chronic human
      infection from which spread to adults as well as children can periodically occur
      by a variety of methods. Chronic HBV disease is not only a continuing source of
      potential viral transmission in the community, but also sometimes results years
      later in very serious consequences. Continuing destruction of the liver leads to
      cirrhosis and hepatic failure; in addition, integration of viral DNA into that of
      the hepatocyte is probably responsible for the high incidence of carcinoma of the
      liver associated with HBV infection in many areas of the world. The 'third' form
      of viral hepatitis is termed 'non-A, non-B' (NANB), because it is identified only
      by serologic exclusion of HAV and HBV infection. Its epidemiologic and clinical
      characterization are difficult because variations in behaviour in groups of cases
      suggest that more than one virus is responsible for this negatively defined
      entity. One or more of the agents leads to chronic infection, but the relative
      frequency with which it causes chronic active hepatitis or hepatocellular
      carcinoma cannot yet be stated.

PMID- 6429054
TI  - Suppression of the IgE antibody response by glutaraldehyde-modified ovalbumin:
      dissociation between loss of antigenic reactivity and ability to induce
      suppression.
AB  - Ovalbumin (OA) was substituted with glutaraldehyde (GA) at various GA:OA ratios
      and several preparations were isolated by gel filtration according to molecular
      weight. Two GA-substituted but unpolymerized preparations (OA1-L and OA1-H) and 3
      polymerized preparations of increasing molecular weight (OA4, OA175 and OA-POL)
      were obtained and were assessed for their ability to react with IgG and IgE
      antibodies directed against the native OA molecule, as well as for their ability
      to suppress the IgE antibody response. The results show that while both
      polymerized and unpolymerized GA-modified preparations lost their reactivity
      towards antinative OA antibodies, to a considerable extent, their ability to
      suppress the OA/IgE antibody response was directly dependent on polymerization.
      Pretreatment of CBA mice with unpolymerized OA preparations was ineffective while
      the effect of pretreatment with three polymers (OA4, OA175 and OA-POL) was
      directly dependent on the size of the polymer. The ability to induce IgG
      antibodies or delayed hypersensitivity to OA was not suppressed.

PMID- 6429055
TI  - A method for measuring changes in tracheal mucus gel layer thickness as an
      indication of an immediate hypersensitivity response.
AB  - A visual method for measuring increase in tracheal mucus gel layer thickness as
      an indication of an immediate hypersensitivity response, using a Zeiss slitlamp
      and pachymeter is described. Mucus gel layer thickening is antigen dose
      dependent. Antigen challenge of nonsensitized rats does not cause significant
      increases in gel thickness dispelling the notion that changes in the gel layer
      result from nonspecific irritation. Cromolyn sodium, cimetidine, and FPL-55712
      inhibit increases in gel layer thickness following antigen challenge of actively
      sensitized rats, while atropine, pyrilamine, and methysergide do not.

PMID- 6429056
TI  - Inhibition of antigen- and calcium ionophore A23187-induced contractions of
      guinea pig isolated airways with 8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
      hydrochloride (TMB-8).
AB  - Both antigen- and calcium ionophore A23187-induced airways contractions are
      dependent on increased concentrations of intracellular calcium. Challenge of
      isolated tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips from sensitized guinea pigs with
      antigen or calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of the intracellular calcium
      antagonist, 8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8),
      resulted in significantly reduced contractions. The results demonstrated that TMB
      8 inhibits events that are dependent on either mobilization of intracellular
      calcium (i.e. antigen) or entry of calcium from extracellular sources (i.e.
      calcium ionophore A23187). The efficacy of TMB-8 in this model suggests that
      intracellular calcium antagonists may be potentially useful in the therapy of
      asthma.

PMID- 6429057
TI  - Adjuvant requirements for protective immunization of mice using a Trypanosoma
      cruzi 90K cell surface glycoprotein.
AB  - A wide range of adjuvants including alhydrogel, saponin, Corynebacterium parvum,
      DDAB, Pfizer CP-20,961, oil adjuvants and several MDP analogues have been
      compared for their adjuvant activity in protecting mice against lethal
      Trypanosoma cruzi infection following immunization with a T. cruzi 90K cell
      surface glycoprotein. Only saponin was found to be effective. Promotion did not
      correlate with the ability to promote a particular Ig isotype; however, saponin
      was unique in its ability to promote cell-mediate immunity against the 90K
      glycoprotein.

PMID- 6429058
TI  - Chronic hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease associated with paraplegia.

PMID- 6429059
TI  - Thyroid status and nephron loss--a study in patients with chronic renal failure,
      end stage renal disease and/or on hemodialysis.
AB  - Thyroid function was measured in 30 healthy subjects and 84 patients with various
      degrees of nephron loss (GRF: 70 +/- 15 m/min, 30 +/- 16 ml/min, 10 +/- 7 ml/min
      and 2.1 +/- 1.3 ml/min). A low T3 and T4 syndrome is evident when GRF is reduced
      to 30 +/- 16 ml/min while a blunted TSH response is detected earlier in the
      course of nephron loss. T3 response to TRH was normal and FT4 was not affected by
      renal dysfunction. The data indicate that in nephron loss hypothalamic-pituitary
      abnormalities occur.

PMID- 6429060
TI  - Increased sensitivity of IL2-dependent cultured T cells and enhancement of in
      vitro IL2 production by human lymphocytes treated with Bestatin.
AB  - Bestatin is an inhibitor of leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase B which
      potentiates various immune functions, such as delayed hypersensitivity and
      antibody formation, and inhibits tumor cell growth in animal models. Our study
      focuses on the effect of Bestatin on interleukin 2 (IL2) sensitivity of IL2
      dependent cultured T cells (CTC) and on IL2 production by human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBM). Bestatin (0.01 - 10 micrograms/ml) increases CTC 3H-TdR
      incorporation in the presence of suboptimal (low) concentrations of exogenous
      IL2. Bestatin alone has no mitogenic effect on CTC. This phenomenon is due to
      increased CTC IL2-receptors after treatment with Bestatin. Bestatin (1 - 10
      micrograms/ml) also increases (1.4 - 21 fold) IL2 production by PHA-stimulated
      PBM. Bestatin therefore increases both IL2 sensitivity and IL2 production. This
      may explain the various immunopotentiating effects of Bestatin previously
      described.

PMID- 6429061
TI  - Selected myths guiding the Reagan Administration's health policies.
AB  - This article analyzes four major assumptions that guide the Reagan
      Administration's health policies: 1) the Administration received an overwhelming
      popular mandate to reduce the federal role in the U.S. health sector; 2) the size
      and growth of federal social (including health) expenditures are contributing to
      the current economic recession; 3) the costs to business of federally imposed
      health and safety regulations have contributed to making the U.S. economy less
      competitive; and 4) market intervention is intrinsically more efficient than
      government intervention in regulating the costs and distribution of health
      resources. Based on these assumptions, the main characteristics of the Reagan
      Administration's health policies have been 1) a reduction of federal health
      expenditures and, very much in particular, expenditures to the poor, handicapped,
      and elderly; 2) a weakening of federal health and safety regulations to protect
      workers, consumers, and the environment; and 3) the further privatization and
      commodification of medical services. This article shows that there is no evidence
      to support the assumptions on which these policies are based. Quite to the
      contrary, all available evidence shows the opposite: 1) the majority of Americans
      want an expansion of federal health expenditures and a strengthening of federal
      health regulation; 2) U.S. government expenditures and regulations are much more
      limited than those of other countries whose economies are performing more
      satisfactorily; and 3) those countries with larger government interventions have
      more efficient health care systems than the American one, where the "free market"
      forces are primarily responsible for the allocation of resources. Thus, major
      Reagan Administration health policies are based on myth rather than reality.

PMID- 6429062
TI  - Measles mortality, mastoiditis, marasmus and malnutrition.

PMID- 6429063
TI  - Ossifying fibroma of the jaws. Review of the literature and report of 16 cases.
AB  - Ossifying fibroma is a fibro-osseous lesion rarely occurring in the jaws,
      although more often than in other bones of the skeleton. It is not clear whether
      it represents a distinct entity or a certain stage of the fibro-osseous
      condition. We are presenting our experience with 16 cases of ossifying fibroma
      treated with local excision or resection and bone graft. Their radiographic
      picture varied significantly from one case to another. One case was peripheral
      and one recurred.

PMID- 6429064
TI  - Allergy and corrosion of dental materials in patients with oral lichen planus.
AB  - Patients with histologically verified oral lichen planus (OLP) were studied
      regarding allergic reactions to substances in dental materials, presence of
      clinical corrosion orally and factors influencing corrosion, such as mixed gold
      and amalgam therapy, non-precious pin-constructions or complete dentures. The
      material consisted of 48 OLP patients (33 female, 15 male) and the results were
      compared with those of a control group (40 patients) and/or general population
      samples. When patch tested, 39% of the OLP patients reacted to one or more
      components in dental materials. Reaction to mercury was most common, being noted
      in 26%. Clinical signs of corrosion were significantly more frequent in the OLP
      group (72%) than in the control cases (28%). Patients with atrophic-erosive OLP
      exhibited a significantly higher frequency of corrosion (83%) than those with
      reticular type (46%). Mixed gold and amalgam therapy and screwposts were equally
      present in both the OLP and control group and the frequency of complete dentures
      corresponded to that reported for general populations. A change of dental
      materials in 8 patients with positive patch tests led to marked oral improvement
      in 6 cases, 2 of which became completely cured. The frequencies recorded for
      allergic reactions and corrosion as well as the result of treatment indicate that
      substances in dental materials may be of significance in cases of OLP.

PMID- 6429065
TI  - Electrical burns of lip and mouth in children. Report of 2 cases.
AB  - 2 cases of electrical burns of the oral cavity in young children are reported.
      Both cases were treated conservatively. 1 of the patients, now that 3 years have
      passed, has a slight scar with a slight deformity of lower and upper lips. We are
      planning reconstructive surgery within a short time. There are no functional or
      developmental disturbances. The main cause of electrical burns in young children
      is biting or sucking the free end of live extension cords or placing sockets into
      the mouth. Since most of these injuries are from low-voltage, electric circuits
      are localized to the surroundings of the mouth. However, the injuries are small
      or narrow, but reach much deeper than initially appear. Therefore, the scar may
      be small but the deeper tissue may sustain more extensive damage than expected.

PMID- 6429066
TI  - Oral surgery and hemodialysis.
AB  - A case of a hemodialysis patient with a palatal tumor is presented. The problems
      requiring surgical management were as follows: anemia, hyperkalemia, bleeding
      tendency, delayed wound healing and usage of drugs, especially antibiotics. The
      palatal tumor was diagnosed histologically as monomorphic adenoma.

PMID- 6429067
TI  - Effects of 5-fluorouracil and the combination of 5-fluorouracil and human
      leukocyte interferon on human salivary gland adenocarcinoma cell line in culture.
AB  - The growth inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and the combination of 5
      Fu and human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) on the human salivary gland
      adenocarcinoma cell line HSG in culture were examined by measuring colony
      formation in the semi-solid agar medium and cell proliferation in the monolayer
      culture. As a consequence, the colony-forming ability of HSG cells in the agar
      medium containing 5-Fu was found to be markedly inhibited as compared with the
      untreated control. The concentration of 5-Fu yielding 50% inhibition of colony
      forming ability of HSG cells under the presence of 5-Fu was 0.08 micrograms/ml.
      When the growth inhibitory effects of the combination of 5-Fu and HuIFN-alpha on
      HSG cells were examined, the colony forming ability of HSG cells was
      synergistically inhibited, whereas effects of the combined treatment on HSG cells
      in the monolayer culture were less sensitive than those on the colony formation.
      These findings strongly suggest that the combination of 5-Fu and HuIFN-alpha or 5
      Fu alone is selectively effective on the neoplastic cells of HSG cell population
      but not on the non-neoplastic cells.

PMID- 6429068
TI  - Albright syndrome.
AB  - The Albright Syndrome consists of the triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,
      skin lesions and endocrinopathies. We are presenting the case of a young girl
      with the Syndrome, who was treated for a mandibular lesion with a bone graft
      taken from her mother.

PMID- 6429069
TI  - Gorlin's syndrome with a cardiac lesion and jaw cysts with some unusual
      histological features. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A 25-year-old male with Gorlin's syndrome associated with an intracardiac lesion,
      presented with jaw cysts requiring surgical treatment. One of the cysts contained
      unusual histological components including fibrous tissue, myxomatous stroma and
      abnormal epithelial hyperplasia. Metabolic investigation showed normal
      parathyroid function and normal tissue responsiveness to parathyroid hormone,
      despite several clinical and radiological features suggestive of pseudo
      hypoparathyroidism. The principal features of the syndrome are reviewed.

PMID- 6429070
TI  - Myospherulosis of the mandible. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of myospherulosis in a 67-year-old female is reported. The lesion appeared
      as a submucosal mass firmly attached to the buccal periosteum of the right molar
      region of the mandible. Although the records of our case did not specify what
      medication was placed in the lesion, clinicopathologic features further supported
      the hypothesis that myospherulosis may be a unique instance of iatrogenic disease
      caused by petrolatum-based antibiotic ointments.

PMID- 6429071
TI  - Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint. Examination of 2 patients with
      suspected disk derangement.
AB  - 2 patients with a history of reciprocal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking
      were visually examined with arthroscopy of their right side TMJs. Clinical and
      radiographic examination revealed no signs of arthrosis deformans. One patient
      with significantly reduced opening ability combined with occasional disappearance
      of TMJ clicks showed advanced arthrotic changes of cartilage which were not
      visible radiographically. The other patient with unimpaired function also had a
      severe arthrotic lesion in the clicking joint. In neither case did the disk
      appear to be displaced. It is concluded that arthroscopy yields additional
      information for TMJ diagnosis which cannot be achieved by clinical and
      radiographic examination alone.

PMID- 6429072
TI  - Infectivity of Leucocytozoon caulleryi sporozoites developed in vitro and in
      vivo.

PMID- 6429073
TI  - Isolation and characterization of monodeamidated derivatives of bovine pancreatic
      ribonuclease A.
AB  - The isolation and characterization of the initial intermediates formed during the
      irreversible acid denaturation of enzyme Ribonuclease A are described. The
      products obtained when RNase A is maintained in 0.5 M HCl at 30 degrees for
      periods up to 20 h have been analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography on Amberlite
      XE-64. Four distinct components were found to elute earlier to RNase A; these
      have been designated RNase Aa2, Aa1c, Aa1b, and Aa1a in order of their elution.
      With the exception of RNase Aa2, the other components are nearly as active as
      RNase A. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at near-neutral pH indicated that
      RNase Aa1a, Aa1b, and Aa1c are monodeamidated derivatives of RNase A; RNase Aa1c
      contains, in addition, a small amount of a dideamidated component. RNase Aa2,
      which has 75% enzymic activity as compared to RNase A, consists of dideamidated
      and higher deamidated derivatives of RNase A. Except for differences in the
      proteolytic susceptibilities at an elevated temperature or acidic pH, the
      monodeamidated derivatives were found to have very nearly the same enzymic
      activity and the compact folded structure as the native enzyme. Fingerprint
      analyses of the tryptic peptides of monodeamidated derivatives have shown that
      the deamidations are restricted to an amide cluster in the region 67-74 of the
      polypeptide chain. The initial acid-catalyzed deamidation occurs in and around
      the 65-72 disulfide loop giving rise to at least three distinct monodeamidated
      derivatives of RNase A without an appreciable change in the catalytic activity
      and conformation of the ribonuclease molecule. Significance of this specific
      deamidation occurring in highly acidic conditions, and the biological
      implications of the physiological deamidation reactions of proteins are
      discussed.

PMID- 6429074
TI  - Reduction of lumichrome by the radical anions of CO2 and lipoamide.
AB  - The uptake of reducing equivalents of X CO-2 by lumichrome in spectrophotometric
      titrations has been re-examined in the light of a recently reported extinction
      coefficient of 10 500 M-1 cm-1 at pH 6, which is in agreement with 10 270 +/- 100
      M-1 cm-1 determined here. The average uptake was 1.8 +/- 0.1, independent of pH
      in the range 6.3-9.0. The major product appears to be a dihydro-alloxazine, which
      can be reoxidized quantitatively to lumichrome by X Br-2 radicals or by O2. As in
      the case of dihydroflavins, oxidation by O2 is biphasic. As in the case of
      flavins, a two electron reduction of lumichrome was also observed with the
      disulphide monoanion of lipoamide (LS X 2-), but that reduction does not go to
      100 per cent yield. Contrary to our earlier conclusions, which were based on an
      erroneous extinction coefficient, the combination of lumichrome radicals (2 X LcH
      ---HLc--LcH) was of relatively little (less than or equal to 20 per cent)
      importance, and the behaviour of lumichrome on treatment with reducing species
      was rather similar to that of flavins.

PMID- 6429075
TI  - Effects of oxygen and sulphydryl-containing compounds on irradiated transforming
      DNA. II. Glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine.
AB  - This paper extends our earlier observations on the effects of the sulphydryl (SH)
      containing compound dithiothreitol (DTT) on the radiation response of Bacillus
      subtilis transforming DNA to three other SH-containing compounds-cysteamine,
      cysteine and glutathione (GSH). In general, all four compounds protect
      transforming DNA in a manner which is dependent on gassing conditions. In O2, the
      protection is consistent with the scavenging of OH radicals by the SH compounds,
      but in N2 there is additional protection which may be due to hydrogen atom
      donation from the SH compound to radiation-induced DNA lesions, a process which
      is blocked by O2. This additional protection in N2 results in an increase in the
      ratio of inactivation in the absence and presence of oxygen with increasing SH
      concentration to a maximum followed by a decrease at high SH concentrations. The
      maximum value of the ratio and the SH concentration at which it occurs depend on
      the SH compound. In particular, GSH appears to be significantly less efficient in
      the hydrogen-donation repair reaction with transforming DNA than are the other
      three SH compounds. Furthermore, on the basis of our results, we postulate the
      existence of a damage fixation process which occurs in the absence of O2, in
      competition with damage repair by SH compounds, and that this anoxic damage
      fixation occurs at a rate not less than 300 s-1. We also demonstrate here that
      the damage fixing reaction of O2 with transforming DNA radicals proceeds 200-fold
      faster than the competing repair reaction by hydrogen-donation from DTT.

PMID- 6429076
TI  - Effects of oxygen and sulphydryl-containing compounds on irradiated transforming
      DNA. III. Reaction rates.
AB  - The absolute rate for the repair reaction of radiation-induced, oxygen-dependent
      lesions in bacterial transforming DNA with the sulphydryl (SH)-containing
      compound dithiothreitol (DTT) has been determined using a fast response method,
      the gas explosion technique, to be 1.6 X 10(6) mol-1 s-1. Glutathione reacts ten
      times slower than DTT with the irradiated transforming DNA. It can also be
      calculated that transforming DNA radicals react with O2 in a damage-fixing
      reaction with a rate of about 3 X 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1. These rates are compared
      with values in the literature for reaction rates of SH, compounds and O2 with
      irradiated DNA constituents and with bacterial cells.

PMID- 6429077
TI  - Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6429078
TI  - Comparison of biodistribution of 3H, 32P and 99mTc labeled Gpp(NH)p in tumor
      bearing hamsters.
AB  - Biodistribution and tumor uptake studies were carried out with intravenously
      injected tracer doses of Gpp(NH)p labeled with 3H, 32P or 99mTc . Syrian golden
      hamsters with cheek pouch carcinomas, induced by repeated topical applications of
      DMBA, were used as a tumor model. The biodistributions of these three
      radionuclides were different, indicating significant molecular cleavage of this
      nucleotide analog. It was also apparent that this compound labeled with 99mTc may
      not be useful for tumor imaging due to low tumor-to-blood specific activity
      ratio. The cheek pouch carcinoma tumor model may be valuable for the evaluation
      of tumor localizing radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 6429079
TI  - In vivo studies of 111In-labelled canine lymphocytes.
AB  - [111In]oxine was used to label canine periperal blood lymphocytes from two normal
      animals and one animal with breast carcinoma. Using 150 microCi of [111In]oxine
      to label 50 X 10(6) cells yielded a labeling efficiency between 40 and 75% and a
      viability of about 95%. Gamma camera images obtained 24-44 h after injection
      showed uptake in the subcutaneous lymph nodes of the head, neck, axilla, pelvis
      and popliteal regions. Uptake in the liver, spleen, bowel, and bone marrow was
      also seen. In the animal bearing breast carcinoma, uptake occurred in the tumor,
      lungs and in a draining sinus in the left axilla. These results suggest that
      111In labeled lymphocytes are useful in visualizing regional lymph nodes and may
      be valuable in assessing tumor recognition by these cells in vivo.

PMID- 6429080
TI  - An experimental study on cellular immunity and protein-calorie malnutrition.
AB  - The effect on cellular immunity of the administration of the non-specific
      immunopotentiator BCG and/or a streptococcal agent was studied in 90 non-cancer
      bearing Wistar rats under different nutritional support. The number of
      immunocompetent cells and the non-specific function of the immunocompetent cells
      significantly decreased in acute malnutrition. The non-specific immunopotentiator
      BCG and streptococcal agent activated the peritoneal macrophages, to a remarkable
      extent, but depressed spleen cell blastoid transformation, thymus index and
      peripheral lymphocyte count in the starved rat group. In rats who received BCG
      under intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), the absolute macrophage counts went
      down as the quantity of amino-acid administered decreased. The acquired
      immunodeficiency due to acute malnutrition is evident and the effect obtained
      with an immunopotentiator is considered to be related to the nutritional status
      of the host. The adequate administration of protein-calorie is required for the
      effective use of the immunopotentiator.

PMID- 6429081
TI  - [Ambulatory parenteral long-term nutrition in patients with short bowel
      syndrome].

PMID- 6429082
TI  - Observations on organ distribution of fluorescein-labelled tumour cells released
      intravascularly.
AB  - By labelling cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and other fluorescent
      dyes and examining frozen sections of several organs of the recipients with an
      ultraviolet microscope, it has been demonstrated that viable tumour cells arrive
      in all organs examined within 15 min of inoculation either intravenously or
      arterially and are still detectable in various organs 30 days later. Although the
      method is not quantitatively accurate, its advantages are that the cells can be
      directly visualised and it can be confirmed that the label is attached to whole
      viable cells and not to cellular fragments. The findings effectively dispose of
      the possibility that the consistent absence of deposits in certain sites in
      animals inoculated with cells from spontaneous murine mammary tumours is due to
      failure of the cells to reach them. It has also been confirmed that FITC-labelled
      cells are still capable of forming deposits and occasional fluorescent cells are
      detected in these secondary neoplasms.

PMID- 6429083
TI  - Protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis is required for tumor cell invasion in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects of protein and DNA synthesis inhibitors on in vitro tumor cell
      invasion was studied in a quantitative invasion system using human amnion. Highly
      invasive M5076 tumor cells were incubated on the basement membrane (BM) of the
      amnion in the presence of cycloheximide, aphidicolin or sodium butyrate. Tumor
      cell penetration through the entire thickness of the amnion was measured after 24
      h. Protein synthesis in the M5076 cells was inhibited 95% within 1 h by 10(-6)M
      cycloheximide while DNA synthesis was unaffected. Treatment with cycloheximide
      reduced the number of spontaneously invading cells by 82% and by 66% in the
      presence of the chemoattractant, formylmethyl leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP), known
      to stimulate invasiveness. DNA synthesis in the M5076 tumor cells was selectively
      inhibited with aphidicolin (10 micrograms/ml). Although the DNA synthesis was
      greatly reduced, no significant effect on invasiveness with or without FMLP was
      observed. A less specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, sodium butyrate (1 mM),
      arrested cell proliferation in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. When the butyrate
      treated M5076 cells were tested in the invasion assay, a 50% increase in the
      number of invasive cells was observed. All three inhibitors were used in
      concentrations that did not affect cell viability or cell attachment to the
      amnion. These data indicate that protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis and not
      cell proliferation are required for tumor cells to invade native connective
      tissue barriers in vitro.

PMID- 6429084
TI  - Precipitating events in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6429085
TI  - General information on the vertebrate virus data bank 'DAISY': first report.

PMID- 6429086
TI  - Comparison of Festuca leaf streak virus antigens with those of three other
      rhabdoviruses infecting the Gramineae.
AB  - Leaf tissue from plants infected with Festuca leaf streak virus was extracted
      with a buffer containing a nonionic detergent; this treatment released the G
      protein from the nucleocapsid of virions. The extract was tested with antiserum
      by double immunodiffusion for G protein and by immunosorbent electron microscopy
      with 'decoration' for nucleocapsid antigens. Clear homologous reactions were
      obtained. No heterologous reactions were observed with similar preparations of
      barley yellow striate mosaic, northern cereal mosaic, and cereal chlorotic mottle
      viruses.

PMID- 6429087
TI  - Various approaches to burn care in the Lebanon War, 1982.
AB  - All soldiers severely burned during the Lebanon War, 1982, were hospitalized in
      one of four facilities, in each of which different methods of burn care are
      practiced. These methods represent the various approaches to burn care in
      different centers in the world and in the literature. Resuscitation was adequate
      in all facilities. Oral hyperalimentation, although administered in different
      ways, is recognized as a main factor in preventing infections and enhancing
      healing in burn victims. The main aspect in which opinions differ is the care of
      the wound itself. However, it was clear after examining many of the patients from
      the different centers that tangential excision is superior to delayed excision,
      and certainly to conservative treatment. The difficulties in comparing different
      methods of treatment are discussed. Early and continuous psychological
      surveillance is necessary for the successful recovery and rehabilitation of burn
      patients; a special teamwork model was developed to promote this approach.

PMID- 6429088
TI  - Regulatory gene evolution: adaptive differences in expression of alcohol
      dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.
AB  - In Drosophila melanogaster X D. simulans hybrids, the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
      electromorphs characteristic of the two parents display tissue- and stage
      specific differences in relative level of expression. This implies distinct cis
      acting regulatory elements associated with the respective Adh alleles. These cis
      acting elements account in part, but not completely, for markedly different
      overall patterns of ADH expression in the two species. The regulatory patterns
      seem to be adaptively significant since they correlate with species-specific
      patterns of ethanol tolerance. The activity differences are accounted for by
      different levels of enzyme protein, but the underlying mechanisms have not been
      fully analysed and may be complex. Independent evolution of various aspects of
      the ADH developmental programme may relate to use of different promoters for
      transcription of the Adh locus in different developmental contexts. This system
      illustrates the potential importance of regulatory genes in evolution and
      provides a model for investigating the molecular basis of evolved regulatory
      differences.

PMID- 6429089
TI  - The histochemistry of developing adipocytes in primary stromal-vascular cultures
      of rat adipose tissue.
AB  - Histochemical analysis for NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, succinate
      dehydrogenase, NADH and NADPH- tetrazoleum reductases and esterase was conducted
      on primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells. Enzyme activities
      were restricted to clusters of lipid laden cells (adipocytes). The number of
      enzyme reactive adipocytes increased with length of culture. Coverslips were
      partially coated with collagen to allow comparisons of cell differentiation on
      coated (C-glass) and uncoated glass (U-glass) surface. There were no reactions
      for NADH- and NADPH- tetrazoleum reductases (TR) in cells on C-glass whereas
      adipocytes and stromal cells on U-glass were reactive. Glucose-6-phosphate
      (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate (6PGDH) dehydrogenase activities were markedly
      demonstrated in both stromal cells and adipocytes on U-glass. Malate (MDH) and
      isocitrate (ICDH) dehydrogenase activities were higher in adipocytes than in
      stromal cells on the U-glass. Stromal cells on C-glass were either devoid of
      these enzymes (G6PDH, MDH, 6PGDH, ICDH) or activity was restricted to a small
      area of the cytoplasm. There were two levels of staining intensity in (MDH, ICDH,
      G6PDH, 6PGDH) adipocyte clusters on C-glass. Elimination of phenazine
      methosulphate from the NADP-dependent dehydrogenase medias and SDH media, caused
      a reduction in enzyme reactive adipocytes on the C-glass. This manipulation did
      not reduce the number of enzyme reactive cells on U-glass. Cells on C-glass and U
      glass were distinctly different in esterase stained coverslips. These studies
      demonstrated enzyme histochemical reactions of adipocytes and stromal cells in
      primary culture that were dependent on the type of extracellular matrix.
      Furthermore, enzyme histochemistry was shown to be useful for delineating
      adipocytes from stromal cells in primary cultures.

PMID- 6429090
TI  - Immunolocalization of human cystatins in neutrophils and lymphocytes.
AB  - The endogenous inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, cystatin A and cystatin B,
      have been localized in sections of human liver by indirect immunofluorescence
      microscopy. Cystatin A was localized in neutrophils and cystatin B was found in
      lymphocytes. Both types of cell were present in the blood vessels and within the
      sinusoids between the parenchymal cells. Cystatin A was also found in some of the
      parenchymal cells surrounding the blood vessels but, in contrast to the uniform
      fluorescence of the leucocytes, the staining in the parenchymal cells was
      granular and rather irregular.

PMID- 6429091
TI  - The immune response to (T,G)-A-L and GAT in man: an association of
      nonresponsiveness to (T,G)-A-L with HLA-DRw8.
AB  - The response of human lymphocytes to synthetic polypeptides has been measured by
      sensitizing cells in vitro followed by restimulation with the sensitizing antigen
      or with cross-reacting antigens. It was found that there was considerable
      individual heterogeneity in the specific response and the cross-reaction obtained
      with the antigens (T,G)-A-L, GAT, GT, and GA. In spite of this heterogeneity, it
      is possible to define three different response patterns using nonresponsiveness
      to (T,G)-A-L and the failure of (T,G)-A-L to cross-restimulate GAT sensitized
      cells as discriminating criteria. The nonresponders to (T,G)-A-L show a
      significant association with HLA-DRw8 and it is suggested that this might
      represent a dominant HLA associated immune response gene involved in the
      regulation of the response to (T,G)-A-L. We further show that the individuals
      whose cells respond to (T,G)-A-L form a heterogeneous group which may explain the
      conflicting results previously published on the genetic control of the immune
      response to (T,G)-A-L in man.

PMID- 6429092
TI  - The influence of fraction size in radiotherapy on the late normal tissue reaction
      -II: Comparison of the effects of daily and twice-a-week fractionation on human
      skin.
AB  - A comparison of the normal tissue reactions to daily and twice-a-week
      fractionation over 4 to 6 weeks was performed on postoperatively irradiated
      parasternal fields in patients with breast cancer. The radiation used was
      electron beams at 12-13 MeV. We have previously reported that the overall
      treatment time was of importance for establishment of iso-effect relationships
      for the acute skin erythema. In this paper we present the degree of
      telangiectasia after 5 years. Generally, a more pronounced late reaction was
      found after twice-a-week fractionation than was predicted from the acute
      reactions. The findings imply that the cumulative radiation effect (CRE) formula
      has to be modified for both acute and late reactions in certain clinical
      situations. The main conclusion is that the iso-effect relationship varies
      significantly over the dose range used in clinical radiotherapy. In the dose
      range of 30 fractions between 1.6 and 2.1 Gy in 6 weeks, the slope of the curve
      for iso-effect dose versus number of fractions varies between 0.26 and 0.35, the
      beta/alpha-ratios between 0.22 and 0.37 Gy-1 and the RBE 2 Fractions/week/5
      Fractions/week between 1.97 and 1.82.

PMID- 6429093
TI  - The influence of the overall treatment time in radiotherapy on the acute
      reaction: comparison of the effects of daily and twice-a-week fractionation on
      human skin.
AB  - A comparison of the acute skin erythema and pigmentation after daily fractions of
      2 Gy and twice-a-week fractions of 4 Gy was performed on post-operatively
      irradiated parasternal fields in patients with breast cancer. The radiation
      quality used was electron beams with an energy of about 12 MeV. The overall
      treatment time varied between 4 and 6 weeks. The two schedules were also compared
      for an overall treatment time of 10 weeks, with a rest period of 3 weeks after 4
      weeks of irradiation, followed by another 3 weeks of treatment. With 5 to 6 weeks
      irradiation, daily fractions resulted in a significantly more pronounced skin
      erythema (p less than 0.05) than twice-a-week fractions, corresponding to about
      10% in terms of absorbed dose. With 4 weeks irradiation and split-course therapy,
      the acute reactions were identical with both schedules. We interpret these
      findings as indicating a radiation-induced accelerated repopulation of the basal
      cells in the epidermis, with a fairly abrupt onset after 4 weeks. The higher
      effect after more frequent fractions of smaller size would be expected from a
      sensitizing effect of redistribution. In conclusion, the overall treatment time
      is of importance for establishment of iso-effect relationships for acutely
      responding tissues. The implication is that different fractionation parameters
      used in models to predict equivalent radiation effects of different fractionation
      schedules also vary significantly with the overall treatment time.

PMID- 6429094
TI  - Carcinoma of the nasal vestibule.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal vestibule are essentially skin cancers that
      require special therapeutic considerations because of the regional anatomy. They
      have sometimes been considered poorly suited for treatment by irradiation because
      of potential or actual cartilage and/or bone invasion and therefore have been
      treated by surgical resection, sometimes producing defects that are difficult to
      reconstruct satisfactorily. From 1966 to April 1980, 13 patients with squamous
      cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were treated with radiotherapy at the
      University of Florida. Eight lesions were de novo; 5 were recurrent after 1 or
      more surgical procedures. Treatment consisted of radium needle implantation
      and/or external beam therapy. Neck management was individualized. All de novo and
      4 of 5 recurrent lesions were controlled locally. Cosmetic results were good in
      patients with de novo lesions. There were no instances of significant cartilage
      or soft tissue necrosis despite cartilage involvement by tumor in 6 cases.

PMID- 6429095
TI  - Radiation leakage from linac electron applicator assembly.
AB  - The electron beam applicator system currently in use on the linear accelerator is
      constructed of light-weight fiberglass and aluminum. With an applicator in place
      on the accelerator, the photon collimator jaws are automatically set several
      centimeters greater than the electron field size projected at the patient's
      surface. To ensure that no regions of high dose levels exist outside the useful
      beam, ionization and film measurements were made to quantitate the amount of
      leakage radiation through the 10 cm X 10 cm and 25 cm X 25 cm applicators. In
      most regions, the ionization levels at the patient's surface were below 5% of the
      central axis dose. In one area for the 25 cm applicator, the percentage
      ionization was 8.5%, which could be reduced by the addition of a small piece of
      1/8 inch thick lead. However, ionization levels on the outside surface of the
      applicator were found to be considerably higher at certain locations for the 25
      cm applicator. Results for 6, 9, 12 and 20 MeV electrons are reported here.

PMID- 6429096
TI  - Pion treatment procedures and verification techniques.
AB  - Procedures and techniques developed for the negative pi-meson (pion) radiotherapy
      program at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility, Los Alamos, NM, are reviewed
      and described. A particular pion patient is followed through the entire planning
      and treatment sequence to describe CT scanning procedures, bolus and collimator
      and treatment techniques developed to minimize positioning errors (less than 5
      mm). Comparison of 2-D and 3-D isodose calculations developed at Los Alamos
      showed differences of less than 10% attributable to multiple scattering effects
      and the computational models used. Treatment verification methods using in vivo
      ion chamber dosimetry generally confirmed the prescribed dose delivery within 10%
      and using TLD within 18%.

PMID- 6429097
TI  - Elective ilioinguinal lymph node irradiation.
AB  - Most radiologists accept that modest doses of irradiation (4500-5000 rad/4 1/2-5
      weeks) can control subclinical regional lymph node metastases from squamous cell
      carcinomas of the head and neck and adenocarcinomas of the breast. There have
      been few reports concerning elective irradiation of the ilioinguinal region.
      Between October 1964 and March 1980, 91 patients whose primary cancers placed the
      ilioinguinal lymph nodes at risk received elective irradiation at the University
      of Florida. Included are patients with cancers of the vulva, penis, urethra, anus
      and lower anal canal, and cervix or vaginal cancers that involved the distal one
      third of the vagina. In 81 patients, both inguinal areas were clinically
      negative; in 10 patients, one inguinal area was positive and the other negative
      by clinical examination. Tumor doses most commonly used were 4500-5000 rad/5
      weeks (180 rad to 200 rad per fraction). With a minimum two-year follow-up, there
      were only two regional failures in patients whose primaries were controlled; both
      failures occurred outside of the radiation fields. The single significant
      complication was a bilateral femoral neck fracture. The inguinal areas of four
      patients developed mild to moderate fibrosis. One patient with moderate fibrosis
      had bilateral mild leg edema that was questionably related to irradiation. No
      other instances of leg or genital edema were noted. Complications were dose
      related. The advantages and disadvantages of elective ilioinguinal node
      irradiation versus elective inguinal lymph node dissection or no elective
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6429098
TI  - Response of sarcomas of bone and of soft tissue to neutron beam therapy.
AB  - A total of 51 patients were treated at Fermilab for sarcoma of bone (25 patients)
      and soft tissue (26 patients). Neutrons were delivered in twice weekly fractions
      over 6-7 weeks to total doses between 18 and 26 Gy. Long-term local control
      (greater than 2 years) was achieved in 24 patients (47%). Overall local control
      rates were 44% in the bone sarcomas and 50% in the soft tissue tumors.
      Chondrosarcoma appeared relatively more responsive with 9 out of 16 (56%)
      controlled, compared to osteogenic sarcoma with 2 out of 9 (22%) controlled.
      Among the soft tissue tumors, liposarcoma (5/7 controlled) and neurogenic sarcoma
      (3/3 controlled) appear to be more responsive than other tumors. The overall
      survival rate was 40% in the entire series. These results are comparable with
      international experience in neutron therapy of sarcomas of bone and soft tissues.
      Out of 263 soft tissue sarcomas treated with neutrons only to full dosage
      throughout the world, 152 (58%) were locally controlled. Similarly out of 74
      sarcomas of bone so treated, 44 (60%) were controlled.

PMID- 6429099
TI  - Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on cosmesis and complications in stages I and II
      carcinoma of the breast treated by biopsy and radiation therapy.
AB  - Cosmesis and complication rates were examined in patients with early stage
      carcinoma of the breast treated by biopsy and radiation therapy with and without
      adjuvant chemotherapy in an attempt to determine the effect of chemotherapy upon
      these parameters. Between April 1, 1975 and June 1, 1980, 51 patients were
      treated with radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (XRT + ACT) and 83
      patients with radiotherapy alone (XRT). Chemotherapy usually consisted of
      cytoxan, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil for 6 or 12 cycles. Minimum follow-up
      was 36 months. Cosmetic results deteriorated with time in both groups but to a
      greater extent in the XRT + ACT group. At 36 months, excellent cosmetic results
      were obtained in 73 of the 83 patients (88%) in the XRT group compared to 37 of
      51 patients (73%) in the XRT + ACT group (p = less than .05). Comparison of the
      two treatment groups revealed that complication rates were significantly
      increased in the XRT + ACT group. Of the 51 patients in the XRT + ACT group, 21
      patients (41%) suffered complications compared to 8 (10%) of the 83 patients in
      the XRT group (p = less than .001). This difference in complication rates
      resulted primarily from an increased incidence in the XRT + ACT group of wet
      desquamation in the electron beam portal used to treat the internal mammary lymph
      nodes and a trend towards a higher incidence of spontaneous nonpathologic rib
      fractures, myositis and arm edema. An increased incidence of nonbreast primary
      cancers was not seen. Our preliminary conclusions are that adjuvant chemotherapy
      has a negative impact upon cosmesis and complication rates in patients being
      treated with definitive radiotherapy. However, cosmetic results remain
      satisfactory and complication rates are maintained at an acceptable level.
      Continued close follow-up will be required before definitive conclusions can be
      reached as to the overall incidence and severity of the changes noted.

PMID- 6429100
TI  - Intracerebral lymphoma deposits: investigation and treatment.
AB  - In a recently studied series of 12 patients with intracerebral lymphoma deposits,
      the following are noteworthy: Although most intracerebral lymphoma deposits are
      dramatically and homogenously enhanced on CT brain scan, this is not always the
      case; two patients with apparently necrotic centers are presented. Subtraction of
      enhanced CT brain scanning cuts before and after radiotherapy allow a
      quantitation of tumor response. The apparent paradox of deficient lymphoma
      deposit angiogenesis on angiography and good enhancement on CT scan was probed by
      positron emission tomography (ECAT) in the only patient who did not have a
      confounding prior craniotomy. ECAT and histopathological examination suggest that
      the microvasculature of intracerebral lymphoma deposits is rich. The ECAT data
      demonstrated that regional tumor blood flow was comparable to that in grey
      matter, but tumor oxygen metabolism was intermediate between grey and white
      matter. The interesting observation of coupled depression of cerebral blood flow
      and oxygen metabolism in the cerebrum overlying the tumor and its surrounding
      edema is discussed. A protracted radiotherapy prescription (with daily fractions
      of 175 cGy) is favored.

PMID- 6429101
TI  - Radiation induced renal damage in mice: influence of fraction size.
AB  - Two functional assays (urine output and isotope clearance) have been used to
      assess the response of mouse kidneys to localized irradiation. The influence of
      the size of each X ray dose has been investigated by using single doses and two
      to 16 equal fractions. The X ray dose in each treatment ranged from 16 Gy as a
      single dose to 3.5 Gy (X 16 fractions). Three separate experiments were
      performed, one with and two without anesthetic for the irradiation. Sequential
      testing of the mice was used to determine the latent period before radiation
      damage became manifest. Latency was found to be dose dependent; functional
      defects appeared earlier after higher doses but there was a minimum period of 14
      19 weeks before the onset of damage. The repair capacity of the kidney was
      assessed by comparing isoeffective doses from the dose-response curves. Within 24
      hours a recovered dose of 5 Gy was obtained if 2 doses were used instead of one.
      The isoeffective dose increased with fractionation and a fraction number exponent
      of 0.42 was obtained. Analysis of the data using a linear quadratic model yielded
      a low alpha/beta ratio of 0-3.5 Gy. This is similar to values obtained for other
      late responding normal tissues and implies that the use of small dose fractions
      will spare the kidney relative to tumors and acutely reacting normal tissues. In
      conventional radiotherapy more effective sparing of the kidney should be achieved
      by using thin shielding with each fraction than by completely shielding the
      kidney for the latter part of the treatment course.

PMID- 6429102
TI  - Quality assurance in radiation therapy: physical aspects.
AB  - The present status of the quality assurance work regarding the physical aspects
      in radiation treatments is discussed. In particular, the situation in Europe is
      surveyed. An analysis of the errors in the delivered absorbed dose to a specified
      point in the irradiated patient shows that the uncertainty, to approximately the
      same degree, depends on the dose distribution determination, the dose planning
      and the patient irradiation. Following the procedure generally in use, the
      overall uncertainty will be about 8%. The random uncertainties are estimated as
      one standard deviation and non-random uncertainties to corresponding degree of
      uncertainty. It is argued that this level must be improved. Furthermore, dose
      intercomparisons show that in reality much larger errors occur in clinical
      practice. Different means to improve this situation are discussed.

PMID- 6429103
TI  - The role of the ICRU in quality assurance in radiation therapy.
AB  - A short history of the International Commission on Radiation Units and
      Measurements (ICRU) and its main objectives are presented. They now include the
      development of internationally acceptable recommendations regarding: (1)
      quantities and units; (2) procedures suitable for the measurement and application
      of these quantities (as well as the associated uncertainties); (3) physical data
      needed in the application of these procedures; and (4) definition of terms and
      concepts used in radiation therapy. One of the most important actions of the ICRU
      during the last two decades was its recommendation in favor of the introduction
      of the SI units (International System of Units) in the field of ionizing
      radiation. In addition, in order to facilitate its use, the ICRU recommended the
      adoption of new special names in the SI system: gray, becquerel and sievert.
      Recently published ICRU reports in the field of radiation therapy are reviewed.
      Reports 23 and 24 provide recommendations for determining the absorbed dose in a
      patient irradiated with X or gamma ray beams. High energy electron and neutron
      beams have been considered in Reports 21 and 26 respectively. Report 31 provides
      a survey of the available W values and Report 29 makes recommendations on dose
      specification for reporting therapeutic irradiation in external beam therapy. A
      report dealing specifically with Quality Assurance in radiation therapy is in
      preparation.

PMID- 6429104
TI  - Development of quality assurance in radiation therapy in North America.
AB  - Although diagnostic radiology developed rapidly following Roentgen's discovery,
      limitations on voltage delayed penetrating external radiation therapy until after
      World War II. Quality assurance has developed in both the USA and Canada in many
      different institutions. Tolerances for implementation of the prescribed tumor
      dose have been established. A series of quality assurance procedures for
      calibration, three dimensional dose distributions, the treatment planning
      process, and for treatment delivery have been formulated in protocols and their
      development is sketched briefly. The importance of computerized tomography in
      treatment planning and computerized record and verify systems in treatment
      delivery is emphasized.

PMID- 6429105
TI  - Quality assurance in radiation therapy: clinical and physical aspects.
      Teletherapy equipment and simulators.
AB  - A comprehensive Quality Assurance program in a radiation therapy center is
      desirable regardless of its size, and should cover among others the following
      areas: physical parameters of the therapy machines, dosimetric standards,
      preventive maintenance of radiation emitting sources and measuring instruments.
      In a radiation therapy center, regardless of its size and patient load, it is
      advisable to have a quality assurance program covering all the treatment planning
      steps. The following areas should be taken into consideration: physical
      parameters of the machines; dosimetric standards; radiation safety procedures and
      preventive maintenance of irradiators and radiation measuring instruments. The
      minimum instrumentation required and the critical parameters to be observed to
      establish a quality assurance program are discussed; the suggestions are
      applicable to the various sizes of radiation therapy centers. It is essential
      that all the procedures and results obtained are well documented and a critical
      evaluation of the program be performed periodically. The procedures and frequency
      suggested are applicable to low, medium and high energy treatment machines and
      simulators. The fluctuation on physical parameters currently observed in clinical
      physics practice strongly supports the efforts and costs of a quality assurance
      program.

PMID- 6429106
TI  - A role for neural pathways in exercise hyperpnea.
AB  - The ventilatory response to exercise induced by stimulation of the peripheral
      ends of severed sciatic nerves was studied in seven anesthetized dogs. In
      response to exercise (n = 23) there were increases in expired minute ventilation
      (delta VE = 4.09 l/min), arterial CO2 partial pressure (delta PaCO2 = 3.06 Torr),
      and carotid artery temperature (delta Tca = 0.26 degrees C). There was also a
      concomitant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (delta MAP = -6.28 Torr).
      Since the neural pathways from the exercising limbs to the central nervous system
      had been eliminated by nerve section, the significant increase in PaCO2 during
      exercise indicates that humoral factors alone cannot produce the normal exercise
      response, i.e., an isocapnic hyperpnea. Therefore, neural pathways may play a
      fundamental role in the ventilatory response to exercise in intact animals.

PMID- 6429107
TI  - Pleural liquid pressure measured by micropipettes in rabbits.
AB  - Pleural liquid pressure (Ppl) was measured by the micropipette servo-nulling
      method. In anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated rabbits, windows
      were made by dissecting away the intercostal muscle layers, exposing the parietal
      pleura over the right caudal lung lobe. Repeated measurements of Ppl were made at
      the windows by puncturing the parietal pleura with micropipettes during apnea at
      functional residual capacity. In five supine rabbits, Ppl relative to atmospheric
      pressure averaged -3.32 +/- 1.22 (SD) cmH2O at a distance of 5.64 +/- 0.34 (SD)
      cm above the lung base and -1.64 +/- 0.79 cmH2O at a distance of 2.35 +/- 0.64 cm
      above the lung base; the vertical Ppl gradient was 0.51 cmH2O/cm height. Ppl
      interpolated to midlung height was equal in absolute magnitude to mean lung
      static recoil (Pst) of 2.00 cmH2O. In prone rabbits, Ppl measured near the dorsal
      surface, 3.9 cm above the lung base, averaged -1.32 +/- 0.46 cmH2O on the costal
      surface, not statistically different in magnitude from mean Pst of 1.59 +/- 0.09.
      In contrast, Ppl measured at the same vertical height off the edge of the caudal
      lung in the costo-diaphragmatic recess was -4.64 +/- 0.65 cmH2O. We concluded
      from these data that Ppl was equal to pleural surface pressure over the costal
      surface and that the vertical gradient in Ppl was not hydrostatic, except in
      large fluid spaces off the sharp edges of the lung.

PMID- 6429108
TI  - Vagal control of respiratory pattern during hyperpnea in domestic fowl.
AB  - Minute volume, tidal volume, and respiratory frequency were measured during
      hyperpnea induced by exercise, increased body temperature, and CO2 inhalation.
      Ventilatory characteristics were compared before and after the vagus nerve had
      been blocked. In normal birds exercise produced increases in both tidal volume
      and respiratory frequency; hyperthermia produced a typical thermal polypnea
      consisting of greatly increased respiratory frequency and reduced tidal volume;
      CO2 inhalation produced increases in tidal volume and respiratory frequency when
      the birds were euthermic but a slowing of respiratory rate when the birds were
      hyperthermic. After vagal block these pronounced differences in the pattern of
      ventilatory response to the various respiratory stimuli were abolished. Instead
      there was a uniform ventilatory response to all three stimuli consisting mainly
      of increases in tidal volume combined with small increases in respiratory
      frequency. It is concluded that in the normal animal control of the varied
      pattern of ventilatory response to different respiratory stimuli is dependent on
      vagal fiber activity.

PMID- 6429109
TI  - Benign galactorrhea/breast discharge in adolescent males probably due to breast
      self-manipulation.
AB  - Three adolescent males presented with nipple discharge. In two boys, the
      expressed secretion was clinically consistent with galactorrhea.
      Galactorrhea/breast discharge is a rare complaint in males of any age. Although
      galactorrhea is commonly associated with a neuroendocrine disorder or drug
      ingestion, the work-up in each, including basal prolactin level, was normal.
      Reluctantly, each by admitted to breast self-manipulation to reduce gynecomastia.
      When the behavior was discontinued, the galactorrhea/breast secretion ceased.
      Clinicians should be aware of this heretofore undescribed and apparently benign
      phenomenon. If basal hyperprolactinemia is absent in a male with a breast
      discharge and a history of breast manipulation, then an extensive work-up is not
      usually indicated.

PMID- 6429110
TI  - Congenital blindness with ocular developmental anomalies, including retinal
      dysplasia, in Doberman Pinscher dogs.
AB  - Hereditary, congenital blindness was studied in 15 Doberman Pinscher pups. The
      eyes were smaller than normal, and there was complete absence of the anterior
      chamber, aphakia, retinal detachment, and dysplasia as well as an irregular
      swelling and partial depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelial cells. It
      was concluded that the condition was inherited as a recessive, autosomal trait.

PMID- 6429111
TI  - Efforts to induce estrus in the bitch, using pituitary gonadotropins.
AB  - Induction of fertile estrus in 14 anestrous bitches was attempted, using
      pituitary gonadotropins given by intramuscular injection in 3 treatment regimens:
      as a single dose of 10-mg follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 5 bitches), as
      multiple doses of FSH (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg) given to 4 bitches on days 1 and 2, 3
      and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8, and 9 and 10, and as multiple doses of combined FSH and
      luteinizing hormone (LH; 1:1, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:2.5, 16:5 mg) given to 5 bitches
      on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, respectively. Four bitches were injected with
      equivalent volume of isotonic NaCl solution (saline). Treatments were evaluated
      by observation of sexual behavior in presence of a male, microscopic changes in
      exfoliated vaginal epithelium, plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and
      progesterone, and qualitative and quantitative, gross and microscopic changes in
      the ovaries and uterus. Four of the 14 treated bitches came into estrus and mated
      (one became pregnant), two after single, and two after multiple doses of FSH. In
      each of the four, vaginal cornification, plasma estradiol and progesterone
      patterns, and ovarian and uterine changes were comparable with those seen in the
      one saline-treated bitch with a spontaneous estrous cycle and pregnancy. Three
      treated bitches manifested proestrous behavior (2 after a single injection and 1
      after multiple injections of FSH) but had no measurable response in the vaginal
      epithelium, endocrine patterns, or appearance of ovaries and uterus. Seven
      gonadotropin-treated bitches and 3 saline-treated bitches did not respond in any
      way.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429112
TI  - Safety and efficacy of 2% methylcellulose in cat and monkey cataract-implant
      surgery.
AB  - We evaluated the safety and efficacy of 2% methycellulose as an adjunct for
      cataract extraction with implantation in cat and monkey models. When used
      intraoperatively, methylcellulose reduced the iridovitreal bulge during surgery.
      No significant increase in clinical inflammation occurred nor was there
      statistically significant intraocular pressure elevation at 24 hours, 7 days, or
      90 days. In the cat model, the central corneal thickness increased at day seven
      in both control and methylcellulose eyes; this thickness persisted to 90 days.
      The endothelial cell loss decreased significantly at day 90 in methylcellulose
      eyes. In the monkey model, no statistically significant increase in corneal
      thickness occurred in control or methylcellulose eyes at day seven. The
      endothelial cell loss was greater than in the cat model in both control and
      methylcellulose eyes; there was no statistically significant difference between
      the two. Two percent methylcellulose was safe in both the cat and monkey models.
      It facilitated surgery in both models and reduced the endothelial cell loss in
      the cat eye.

PMID- 6429113
TI  - Development of the lizard limb as shown by the distribution of [35S]sulphate
      incorporation.
AB  - In the forelimb of the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus (Forskal), the chondrogenic
      pattern is laid down in a proximodistal direction commencing with the proximal
      regions. The chondrogenic skeletal pattern along the antero-posterior axis gives
      humerus, radius, ulna and the distal region. The radius and ulna differ in their
      length and level of sulphation. The end result is a periodic pattern resembling
      that in other amniotes. The peripheral areas and distal region show an almost
      uniform uptake of [35S]sulphate, the basement membrane taking up [35S]sulphate at
      a higher rate between embryonic stages with limb lengths 0.2 mm and 0.75 mm.

PMID- 6429114
TI  - Stigmatellin, a new antibiotic from Stigmatella aurantiaca (Myxobacterales). I.
      Production, physico-chemical and biological properties.
AB  - An antibiotic activity was extracted from the cell mass of the myxobacterium,
      Stigmatella aurantiaca strain Sg a15. The antibiotic was toxic for yeasts and
      filamentous fungi, but not for most bacteria. The compound had the molecular
      formula C30H42O7, appears to be a new antibiotic, and was named stigmatellin. In
      addition to stigmatellin, the strain produced relatively large quantities of a
      second, structurally unrelated antibiotic, a mixture of three myxalamid
      homologues.

PMID- 6429115
TI  - Relationships among measures of testicular development and endocrine function in
      boars.
AB  - Nine blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals from 36 Landrace X Large White
      boars at each of eight ages (42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126 and 140 d). Serum
      concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
      testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) were quantified by radioimmunoassay
      procedures. The maximum concentration of LH and the age at maximum concentration
      were predicted for each boar. Variability of LH samples was described for each
      boar by the pooled within age variance among LH samples and by the number of LH
      peaks. Measurements of testicular development taken at 140 d of age included: in
      situ testis width and length, excised testis weights and histological traits of
      excised testes (seminiferous tubule diameter, percentage of tubules with a lumen
      and percentage of tubules with active spermatogenesis). Pooled within line
      correlations were calculated with data from boars selected for either high or low
      testis weight. Correlations among the testicular traits ranged from .45 to .88.
      Luteinizing hormone concentration (mean over all ages) was related to measures of
      testicular development (r = .24 to .49). Concentrations of LH from 42 to 84 d of
      age were more highly correlated with testicular traits than were the
      concentrations from 98 to 140 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429116
TI  - Serum profiles of progesterone, LH, FSH and prolactin immediately preceding
      induced puberty in gilts.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine if the secretory patterns of
      luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL)
      and serum concentrations of progesterone change immediately preceding induced
      puberty in gilts. To help predict when prepubertal gilts would attain puberty,
      gilts were induced into puberty by relocation from confinement housing to an
      outdoor lot and exposure to mature boars. In Exp. 1, 17 prepubertal gilts were
      bled on two successive days from 0800 to 1200 h before relocation and boar
      exposure and until the second day of estrus or for 8 d in gilts that failed to
      exhibit estrus. Blood samples were collected from indwelling cannulas at 20-min
      intervals for 4 h. In Exp. 2, blood samples were collected from 20 prepubertal
      gilts at 20-min intervals from 0800 to 1200 h and from 2000 to 2400 h until the
      second day of estrus or for 6 d if the gilt failed to exhibit estrus. In each
      experiment, 11 gilts exhibited pubertal estrus 3 to 6 d after relocation and boar
      exposure. When the frequency of LH spikes in each gilt was normalized to the day
      of her preovulatory surge of LH (d 0), a decline in the frequency of LH secretory
      spikes was observed as gilts approached puberty. However, neither the average
      magnitude of LH spikes nor mean LH concentrations were different among these
      days. Mean serum concentrations, frequency of spikes or average magnitude of
      secretory spikes of FSH or PRL did not change on the days preceding the
      preovulatory peak of LH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429117
TI  - Impact of phenoxymethylpenicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and doxycycline on
      Streptococcus salivarius in the oropharynx.
AB  - Streptococcus salivarius plays a role in the normal oropharyngeal resistance to
      colonization with group A streptococci. Suppression of Str. salivarius may
      increase the risk of colonization. Ten subjects were given
      phenoxymethylpenicillin, ten were given erythromycin, ten were given clindamycin
      and ten were given doxycycline for seven days. The numbers of Str. salivarius in
      the oral cavity were determined before, during and after the administration
      periods. Phenoxymethylpenicillin and doxycycline only slightly suppressed the
      numbers of Str. salivarius, while erythromycin and clindamycin markedly decreased
      the numbers. In four and five subjects respectively, Str. salivarius could no
      longer be isolated after seven days of the drug administration.

PMID- 6429118
TI  - Na+ requirement for growth, photosynthesis, and pH regulation in the
      alkalotolerant cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis.
AB  - We have found that Na+ is required for the alkalotolerance of the cyanobacterium
      Synechococcus leopoliensis. Cell division did not occur at any pH in the absence
      of Na+, but cells inoculated into Na+-free growth medium at pH 6.8 did continue
      metabolic activity, and over a period of 48 h, the cells became twice their
      normal size. Many of these cells remained viable for at least 59 h and formed
      colonies on Na+ -containing medium. Cells grown in the presence of Na+ and
      inoculated into Na+ -free growth medium at pH 9.6 rapidly lost viability. An Na+
      concentration of ca. 0.5 milliequivalents X liter-1 was required for sustained
      growth above pH 9.0. The Na+ requirement could be only partially met by Li+ and
      not at all by K+ or Rb+. Cells incubated in darkness in growth medium at pH 6.8
      had an intracellular pH near neutrality in the presence or absence of Na+. When
      the external pH was shifted to 9.6, only cells in the presence of Na+ were able
      to maintain an intracellular pH near 7.0. The membrane potential, however,
      remained high (-120 mV) in the absence or presence of Na+ unless collapsed by the
      addition of gramicidin. Thus, the inability to maintain a neutral intracellular
      pH at pH 9.6 in the absence of Na+ was not due to a generalized disruption of
      membrane integrity. Even cells containing Na+ still required added Na+ to restore
      photosynthetic rates to normal after the cells had been washed in Na+ -free
      buffer at pH 9.6. This requirement was only partially met by Li+ and was not met
      at all by K+, Rb+, Cs+ Mg2+, or Ca2+. The restoration of photosynthesis by added
      Na+ occurred within 30 s and suggests a role for extracellular Na+. Part of our
      results can be explained in terms of the operation of an Na+/H+ antiporter
      activity in the plasma membrane, but some results would seem to require other
      mechanisms for Na+ action.

PMID- 6429119
TI  - Nickel is a component of hydrogenase in Rhizobium japonicum.
AB  - The derepression of H2-oxidizing activity in free-living Rhizobium japonicum does
      not require the addition of exogenous metal to the derepression media. However,
      the addition of EDTA (6 microM) inhibited derepression of H2 uptake activity by
      80%. The addition of 5 microM nickel to the derepression medium overcame the EDTA
      inhibition. The addition of 5 microM Cu or Zn also relieved EDTA inhibition, but
      to a much lesser extent; 5 microM Fe, Co, Mg, or Mn did not. The kinetics of
      induction and magnitude of H2 uptake activity in the presence of EDTA plus Ni
      were similar to those of normally derepressed cells. Nickel also relieved EDTA
      inhibition of methylene blue-dependent Hup activity, suggesting that nickel is
      involved directly with the H2-activating hydrogenase enzyme. Adding nickel or
      EDTA to either whole cells or crude extracts after derepression did not affect
      the hydrogenase activity. Cells were grown in 63Ni and the hydrogenase was
      subsequently purified by gel electrophoresis. 63Ni comigrated with the H2
      dependent methylene blue reducing activity on native polyacrylamide gels and
      native isoelectric focusing gels. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis analysis of the nickel-containing hydrogenase band revealed a
      single polypeptide with a molecular weight of ca. 67,000. We conclude that the
      hydrogenase enzyme in R. japonicum is a nickel-containing metalloprotein.

PMID- 6429120
TI  - Unusual C3 and C4 metabolism in the chemoautotroph Alcaligenes eutrophus.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase was identified to be the only C3
      carboxylating enzyme in Alcaligenes eutrophus. The enzyme requires GDP or inosine
      diphosphate (GTP or inosine triphosphate) for activity. Pyruvate- and other PEP
      dependent CO2-fixing enzyme activities were not detected, regardless of whether
      the cells were grown autotrophically or heterotrophically. It is suggested that
      two pathways are present in the organism for the formation of PEP from C4
      dicarboxylic acids. Besides decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by PEP carboxykinase,
      the consecutive action of NADP+-malic enzyme and PEP synthetase can also
      accomplish this synthesis. An oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity observed in the
      cell extracts may also contribute to the latter route. The properties of a mutant
      deficient in PEP synthetase supported the biochemical data. This mutant was
      unable to grow on pyruvate or lactate and grew slower than the wild type on
      direct or indirect metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle such as succinate,
      glutamate, or acetate. Growth on fructose and autotrophic growth were not
      affected by the enzyme defect. The findings suggest that, depending on the growth
      substrate utilized, PEP carboxykinase can serve a dual physiological function in
      A. eutrophus, an anaplerotic function in oxaloacetate synthesis from PEP, or a
      gluconeogenic function in PEP synthesis from oxaloacetate.

PMID- 6429121
TI  - New mutation affecting the synthesis of some membrane proteins and sporulation in
      Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A new mutation, mpo, which affects the synthesis of some membrane proteins and
      sporulation in Bacillus subtilis was identified. The mpo mutation was tightly
      linked to the overproduction of membrane proteins MP32 and MP18 (molecular
      weights of 32,000 and 18,000, respectively) and the temperature-sensitive
      sporulation phenotype. Genetic analysis showed that the mpo mutation maps between
      the spoIIIB and lys loci.

PMID- 6429122
TI  - Regulation of glycerol uptake by the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase
      system in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Enteric bacteria have been previously shown to regulate the uptake of certain
      carbohydrates (lactose, maltose, and glycerol) by an allosteric mechanism
      involving the catalytic activities of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar
      phosphotransferase system. In the present studies, a ptsI mutant of Bacillus
      subtilis, possessing a thermosensitive enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system,
      was used to gain evidence for a similar regulatory mechanism in a gram-positive
      bacterium. Thermoinactivation of enzyme I resulted in the loss of methyl alpha
      glucoside uptake activity and enhanced sensitivity of glycerol uptake to
      inhibition by sugar substrates of the phosphotransferase system. The
      concentration of the inhibiting sugar which half maximally blocked glycerol
      uptake was directly related to residual enzyme I activity. Each sugar substrate
      of the phosphotransferase system inhibited glycerol uptake provided that the
      enzyme II specific for that sugar was induced to a sufficiently high level. The
      results support the conclusion that the phosphotransferase system regulates
      glycerol uptake in B. subtilis and perhaps in other gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 6429123
TI  - Extracellular proteins secreted by the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune in
      response to carbon source.
AB  - The secretion of 1,4-beta-D-glucanases by the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune
      in response to cellulose or cellobiose has been studied. The proteins were
      labeled with 35S, and the secretion of enzymes was measured by beta-glucosidase
      and carboxymethyl cellulase activities and by immunoprecipitation with specific
      antibodies. The antigen proteins used were a beta-glucosidase (Mr, 93,000), an
      avicelase (avicelase II; Mr, 64,000), and a carboxymethyl cellulose
      (carboxymethyl cellulase I; Mr 41,000). The beta-glucosidase was initially
      secreted as an Mr 110,000 form, which was followed later by lower-molecular
      weight (88,000 to 93,000) forms. The avicelase II, which accounted for about 50%
      of the secreted labeled protein, had an Mr of 64,000. Secretion of the related
      avicelase I (Mr 61,000) followed later. The carboxymethyl cellulose I was
      secreted in two molecular weight forms, Mr 44,000 and 41,000. The evidence is
      consistent with the idea that three genes account for the secreted glucanase
      activities. Other species result from different glycosylation or proteolytic
      cleavage processing, which may occur during or after secretion. The beta
      glucosidase secretion appears to be regulated differently than that of avicelase
      II or carboxymethyl cellulase I; the latter two were regulated coordinately under
      the conditions used in this work. No common immune determinants between the three
      antigens were observed.

PMID- 6429124
TI  - Siderophore-mediated uptake of iron in Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii produces two siderophores, N,N'-bis-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)
      L-lysine (azotochelin) and a yellow-green fluorescent peptide (azotobactin),
      under iron-limited growth conditions. 55Fe uptake was not observed until the
      substantial nonspecific binding of 55Fe to the cell surface was eliminated by the
      addition of 10 mM sodium citrate to the uptake medium. Citrate alone did not
      promote rapid 55Fe uptake in A. vinelandii, nor did it induce Fe-repressible
      outer membrane proteins. Siderophore-mediated 55Fe uptake appeared biphasic, with
      both the initial rapid and ensuing slower uptake being energy dependent. The
      purified siderophores demonstrated the same uptake pattern as the Fe-limited
      culture supernatant fluid, but either individually or in combination accounted
      for less than the total 55Fe uptake activity found in the latter. The purified
      siderophores appeared to be sensitive to acid, but the inhibition of 55Fe uptake
      was in fact caused by salt generated during neutralization. Similar 60%
      inhibition of 55Fe uptake activity was caused by the addition of 40 mM Na+, K+,
      Li+, or Mg2+ salts to the uptake medium. Ammonium was less inhibitory than the
      latter ions. 55Fe uptake mediated by azotobactin was more sensitive to added NaCl
      than was that mediated by azotochelin. Neither the chelation of iron nor the
      stability of the ferrisiderophore was affected by added NaCl.

PMID- 6429125
TI  - Ca(II)-calmodulin regulation of fungal dimorphism in Ceratocystis ulmi.
AB  - We have shown that Ca(II) ions, ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N
      tetraacetic acid, LaCl3, and six known calmodulin inhibitors shift the yeast
      mycelium dimorphic potential of Ceratocystis ulmi. Our data are consistent with
      the conclusions that Ca(II)-calmodulin interaction is necessary for mycelial
      growth in C. ulmi and that the absence of this interaction leads to the yeast
      phase.

PMID- 6429126
TI  - Two unlinked lysine genes (LYS9 and LYS14) are required for the synthesis of
      saccharopine reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Three lysine auxotrophs, strains AU363, 7305d, and 8201-7A, were investigated
      genetically and biochemically to determine their gene loci, biochemical lesions,
      and roles in the lysine biosynthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These mutants
      were leaky and blocked after the alpha-aminoadipate step. Complementation studies
      placed these three mutations into a single, new complementation group, lys14.
      Tetrad analysis from appropriate crosses provided evidence that the lys14 locus
      represented a single nuclear gene and that lys14 mutants were genetically
      distinct from the other mutants (lys1, lys2, lys5, and lys9) blocked after the
      alpha-aminoadipate step. The lys14 strains, like lys9 mutants, accumulated alpha
      aminoadipate-semialdehyde and lacked significant amounts of saccharopine
      reductase activity. On the bases of these results, it was concluded, therefore,
      that LYS9 and LYS14, two distinct genes, were required for the biosynthesis of
      saccharopine reductase in wild-type S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 6429127
TI  - Tear lithium concentration: a measurement of dubious clinical value.
AB  - A mean tear/serum lithium ratio of 0.77 +/- 0.06 was found in 13 volunteers who
      were given lithium carbonate for 7 days. This finding differs considerably from
      those of another study, which reported tear and plasma lithium levels to be quite
      similar. It is suggested that measurement of tear lithium concentration has no
      clinical utility and that further research along these lines should be
      discouraged.

PMID- 6429128
TI  - Maprotiline poisoning: a case of cardiotoxicity and myoclonic seizures.
AB  - A 64-year-old man ingested 4500 mg of maprotiline hydrochloride. He developed
      major motor myoclonic seizures, first-degree AV block, intraventricular
      conduction delay, hypotension, and urinary retention. Myoclonic seizures have not
      been previously reported with maprotiline toxicity.

PMID- 6429129
TI  - Delineation of anxiety and phobic disorders responsive to monoamine oxidase
      inhibitors: implications for classification.
AB  - Studies of the treatment of panic anxiety and various other states with monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are critically reviewed. It is concluded that MAOIs have
      differential effects on several dimensions of pathologic anxiety. The association
      between depression and anxiety states is also reviewed; it is observed that MAOIs
      effectively treat severe anxiety and phobic disorders without operating strictly
      via their antidepressant mechanism. In addition, it is proposed that biologic
      depression and biologic anxiety should be considered to have some independence
      from one another. Guidelines for the clinical delineation of anxiety disorders
      are provided, and the clinical and research implications of the proposal for
      revision of DSM-III anxiety and phobic disorders section, are outlined in detail.
      It is suggested that anxiety and phobic disorders be classified into endogenous
      (disease) and exogenous (nondisease) types.

PMID- 6429130
TI  - Studies of selective and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AB  - Several selective and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have
      recently become available. Preliminary studies suggest that these compounds have
      antidepressant effects and may offer significant safety and side effect
      advantages over classical MAOIs. Pilot studies with 1-deprenyl, a selective MAO-B
      inhibitor, indicate that it may be most effective for patients with nonendogenous
      depression and for those (endogenous or nonendogenous) who present with certain
      reverse vegetative signs. The drug appears ineffective in depressed patients with
      associated panic attacks and phobic symptoms. An alternative approach in the
      development of safer, effective MAOIs is the use of rapidly reversible MAO-A
      inhibitors, such as moclobemide, that carry less risk of a hypertensive reaction
      and yet appear to be effective antidepressants. As selective MAO-A and MAO-B
      inhibition may be effective in different depressive subtypes and may have
      different side effects, these drugs are valuable pharmacologic probes for
      studying the biochemical bases of depressive disorders.

PMID- 6429131
TI  - Characterization of multiple forms of cholesteryl ester hydrolase in the rat
      testis.
AB  - Cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13) activity from the 104,000 X g
      supernatant of rat testis was fractionated into 28-kDa, 72-kDa, and 420-kDa
      molecular mass forms by high performance size exclusion chromatography. The 72
      kDa and 420-kDa forms (temperature-labile) were completely inactivated by
      elevation of temperature from 32 to 37 degrees C. Apparent disaggregation of the
      420-kDa form suggested that the 72-kDa and 420-kDa enzymes are monomeric and
      multimeric forms of the same enzyme. The 28-kDa form was shown to be a different
      enzyme (temperature-stable) which retained activity at 37 degrees C. In contrast,
      cholesteryl ester hydrolase activities from 104,000 X g supernatants of liver or
      adrenal gland were unaffected and increased 4-fold, respectively, by elevation of
      temperature from 32 to 37 degrees C. Both testicular enzymes exhibited pH optima
      at about 7.3, and were activated by sodium cholate at concentrations near the
      critical micellar concentration (0.03-0.07%), but inhibited by higher
      concentrations. The temperature-labile cholesteryl ester hydrolase exhibited a
      high specificity for cholesteryl esters of monoenoic fatty acids of 18-24
      carbons, especially nervonate (24:1), whereas the temperature-stable cholesteryl
      ester hydrolase exhibited highest specificity for cholesteryl oleate and
      arachidonate. Neither enzyme hydrolyzed cholesteryl acetate, myristate,
      palmitate, linoleate, or docosahexaenoate . Both enzymes reached maximum rates of
      hydrolysis at 150 microM substrates, with each substrate and at both reaction
      temperatures. Substrate inhibition was observed at higher concentrations (200
      microM). The temperature-labile cholesteryl ester hydrolase was induced 20-fold
      in hypophysectomized rats by injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
      was localized in Sertoli cells, the target cells for FSH, but was not induced by
      luteinizing hormone. The temperature-stable cholesteryl ester hydrolase was
      induced by both FSH and LH and was found in both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells,
      the respective target cells for FSH and luteinizing hormone. Neither form of the
      enzyme was present at detectable levels in the germinal cells. The unique
      properties, localization, and hormonal regulation of both temperature-labile and
      temperature-stable cholesterol ester hydrolases suggest important roles for these
      enzymes in the testis.

PMID- 6429132
TI  - Purification to apparent homogeneity of a factor stimulating the growth of
      multiple lineages of hemopoietic cells.
AB  - A glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation of multiple hemopoietic stem and
      progenitor cell types was purified to apparent homogeneity. The factor, termed P
      cell-stimulating factor (PSF), was assayed by its ability to support the growth
      of murine factor-dependent hemopoietic cell lines operationally termed persisting
      cells (P cells). PSF was purified 50,000-fold from serum-free medium conditioned
      by the myelomonocytic cell line WEHI-3B by sequential ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, phenyl boronate chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100,
      neuraminidase treatment, Mono Q anion exchange chromatography, reverse phase high
      performance liquid chromatography on a C18 silica column, and two steps of high
      performance gel permeation chromatography on a TSK 3000 SW column operated under
      first neutral and then acidic solvent conditions. Although purified PSF could not
      be detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels stained with silver,
      following electrophoresis of purified PSF labeled with iodine-125,
      autoradiography showed only a single broad band of Mr = 30,000. This labeled band
      corresponded to the profile of PSF activity eluted from polyacrylamide gel
      slices. After reduction, labeled PSF had a slightly higher Mr of 32,000, although
      reduction resulted in loss of 98% of PSF activity, thus suggesting that the
      integrity of internal disulfide bond(s) was required for activity. When purified
      PSF was chromatographed on a TSK 3000 SW column under denaturing conditions in
      0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, the single peak of absorbance at 280 nm coincided
      with a sharp peak of biological activity. The following unique NH2-terminal amino
      acid sequence of the purified PSF was obtained: NH2ALA -SER-Ile-Ser-X-X-Asp-Thr
      His-Arg-Leu-Thr-Arg-. The concentration of PSF required for half-maximal
      stimulation of P cell growth was estimated as 1.3 X 10(-13) M or 4 pg/ml. The
      availability of purified PSF will allow rigorous examination of the hypothesis
      that a single molecule acts on multiple hemopoietic cell lineages.

PMID- 6429133
TI  - Primary structure of the Streptomyces enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H.
AB  - We report the DNA and primary amino acid sequences of the Streptomyces plicatus
      enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Peptide sequence information was
      derived from enzyme isolated from Streptomyces culture medium using a combination
      of mass spectrometric methods and conventional techniques, including Edman
      degradation and carboxypeptidase Y digestion. The DNA sequence was determined by
      analysis of the Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H gene cloned into the
      Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 (Robbins, P. W., Wirth , D. F., and Hering , C.
      (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10640-10644). The enzyme from Streptomyces medium is
      271 (or 269) amino acids in length and has a ragged NH2-terminal sequence
      beginning primarily with Ala-Pro-Val or Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro-Val. DNA resection
      experiments as well as the DNA sequence itself suggest that a proenzyme or, more
      probably, " prepro " enzyme may be the primary product of translation. The long
      42 (or 44) residue leader sequence of the preproenzyme shows striking
      similarities to leader sequences found on proteins secreted by Bacillus species.
      The leader sequence is partially removed by E. coli and, as reported previously,
      endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H made in E. coli appears in both the
      periplasmic space and in the cell.

PMID- 6429134
TI  - Characterization of a calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase from abalone
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Abalone sperm adenylate cyclase activity is particulate in nature and displays a
      high Mg2+-supported activity (Mg2+/Mn2+ = 0.8) as compared to other sperm
      adenylate cyclases. Approximately 90% of the enzyme activity in crude homogenates
      is inhibited by EGTA in a concentration-dependent manner which is overcome by
      added micromolar free Ca2+. The EGTA-inhibited Ca2+-stimulated enzyme activity is
      also inhibited by phenothiazines. Added calmodulin, however, has no effect on
      enzyme activity prepared from crude homogenates. Preparation of a twice EGTA
      extracted 48,000 X g pellet fraction yields a particulate enzyme activity that
      can be stimulated 10-65% by added calmodulin in the presence of micromolar free
      Ca2+. Detergent extraction (1% Lubrol PX) of the EGTA-washed 48,000 X g pellet
      solubilizes 2-5% of the total particulate adenylate cyclase activity, and this
      solubilized enzyme is activated up to 125% by calmodulin. The ability of the
      different enzyme preparations to be stimulated by calmodulin is inversely
      proportional to the endogenous calmodulin concentration. Calmodulin stimulation
      of the Lubrol PX-solubilized enzyme is specific to this Ca2+-binding protein and
      is mediated as an effect on the velocity of the enzyme. This stimulation is
      completely Ca2+ dependent and is fully reversible. These data suggest that the
      control of sperm cAMP synthesis by changes in Ca2+ conductance may be mediated
      via this Ca2+-binding protein.

PMID- 6429135
TI  - Phosphorylation of rat liver glycogen synthase by phosphorylase kinase.
AB  - Phosphorylation of rat liver glycogen synthase by rabbit skeletal muscle
      phosphorylase kinase results in the incorporation of approximately 0.8-1.2 mol of
      PO4/subunit. Analyses of the tryptic peptides by isoelectric focusing and thin
      layer chromatography reveal the presence of two major 32P-labeled peptides.
      Similar results were obtained when the synthase was phosphorylated by rat liver
      phosphorylase kinase. This extent of phosphorylation does not result in a
      significant change in the synthase activity ratio. In contrast, rabbit muscle
      glycogen synthase is readily inactivated by rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase;
      this inactivation is further augmented by the addition of rabbit muscle cAMP
      dependent protein kinase or cAMP-independent synthase (casein) kinase-1. Addition
      of cAMP-dependent protein kinase after initial phosphorylation of liver synthase
      with phosphorylase kinase, however, does not result in an inactivation or
      additional phosphorylation. The lack of additive phosphorylation under this
      condition appears to result from the phosphorylation of a common site by these
      two kinases. Partial inactivation of liver synthase can be achieved by sequential
      phosphorylation with phosphorylase kinase followed by synthase (casein) kinase-1.
      Under this assay condition, the phosphate incorporation into the synthase is
      additively increased and the synthase activity ratio (-glucose-6-P/+glucose-6-P)
      is reduced from 0.95 to 0.6. Nevertheless, if the order of the addition of these
      two kinases is reversed, neither additive phosphorylation nor inactivation of the
      synthase is observed. Prior phosphorylation of the synthase by phosphorylase
      kinase transforms the synthase such that it becomes a better substrate for
      synthase (casein) kinase-1 as evidenced by a 2- to 4-fold increase in the rate of
      phosphorylation. This increased rate of phosphorylation of the synthase appears
      to result from the rapid phosphorylation of a site neighboring that previously
      phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase.

PMID- 6429136
TI  - Activation of glycogen synthase by insulin in rat adipocytes. Evidence of
      hormonal stimulation of multisite dephosphorylation by glucose transport
      dependent and -independent pathways.
AB  - Adipocytes were incubated with [32P]phosphate to achieve steady state labeling of
      glycogen synthase. The enzyme was then rapidly immunoprecipitated and subjected
      to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The 32P-labeled glycogen synthase had an apparent molecular weight (
      Mapp ) equal to 90,000. All of the [32P]phosphate could be recovered in two
      cyanogen bromide fragments. The larger fragment, CB-2 ( Mapp = 28,000), contained
      about five times more [32P]phosphate than the smaller fragment, CB-1 ( Mapp =
      15,500). Insulin increased the activity ratio (-glucose-6-P/+glucose-6-P) of
      glycogen synthase from 0.12 to 0.26, but did not decrease the amount of
      [32P]phosphate in the enzyme. However, insulin promoted the formation of species
      of CB-2 of lower Mapp , suggesting dephosphorylation of sites that affected the
      electrophoretic mobility of the fragment. Glucose did not affect the mobility of
      CB-2, but slightly increased the activity ratio and decreased the [32P] phosphate
      by approximately 20%. With insulin plus glucose, the increase in activity ratio
      was much greater than the additive effects of either agent alone. The combination
      decreased the [32P]phosphate in each cyanogen bromide fragment by approximately
      60%, indicating that the synergistic activation was due to enhanced
      dephosphorylation of multiple sites. 2-Deoxyglucose also promoted
      dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase, decreasing the 32P content of CB-1 and CB
      2 by approximately 40% each. 3-O-Methylglucose was without effect. The results
      presented suggest that the activation of glycogen synthase by insulin via a
      glucose transport-dependent pathway may involve increased intracellular glucose-6
      P which promotes dephosphorylation of sites in both CB-1 and CB-2. Activation by
      a glucose transport-independent pathway appears to be confined to sites located
      in CB-2.

PMID- 6429137
TI  - The calmodulin-binding domain on microtubule-associated protein 2.
AB  - Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) binds calmodulin with a stoichiometry
      approaching 1-1.5 mol of calmodulin/mol of MAP2 in the presence of calcium ion.
      The calmodulin-binding domain(s) of MAP2 were probed by cross-linking 125I
      calmodulin with partially digested MAP2, by limited digestion of the preformed
      125I-calmodulin-MAP2 adduct, and by cross-linking 125I-calmodulin with the
      projection- and assembly-promoting portions of MAP2. Cross-linking 125I
      calmodulin with partially digested MAP2 resulted in radioactive adducts of
      approximately 300, approximately 235, approximately 205, approximately 58, and
      approximately 40 kDa. The radioactive adducts with smaller molecular mass became
      prominent with increasing time of digestion concomitant with loss of those with
      higher molecular size. Limited chymotryptic digestion of preformed 125I
      calmodulin-MAP2 adducts also produced a approximately 58-kDa radioactive band
      followed later by a approximately 40-kDa band. Brief chymotryptic digestion and
      subsequent centrifugation of microtubules preformed with pure tubulin and MAP2
      permitted separation of microtubule-bound MAP2 fragments (molecular mass =
      approximately 215, approximately 180, and approximately 36 kDa) from unbound
      fragments (molecular mass = approximately 240, approximately 180, and
      approximately 140 kDa). 125I-Calmodulin cross-linked only with the microtubule
      bound MAP2 fragments (forming mainly the approximately 58-kDa adduct) and not
      with unbound MAP2 fragments. Since the apparent molecular size of calmodulin is
      approximately 21 kDa on these sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the
      results indicate that partial digestion of MAP2 by chymotrypsin produces a
      approximately 37-kDa fragment which can be further degraded to a approximately 20
      kDa fragment. The approximately 37-kDa fragment that is labeled corresponds to
      the previously identified assembly-promoting fragment that attaches to the
      microtubule.

PMID- 6429138
TI  - Two distinct UDP-galactose: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 4 beta
      galactosyltransferases in porcine trachea.
AB  - In previous studies on glycosyltransferase activities in porcine trachea, we
      demonstrated the presence of two galactosyltransferases which transfer galactose
      from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (Sheares, B.T. and Carlson, D.M. (1983)
      J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9893-9898). One enzyme, UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 3
      beta-galactosyltransferase, synthesized galactosyl-beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosamine
      while the other, UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 4 beta-galactosyltransferase,
      synthesized galactosyl-beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosamine. A third
      galactosyltransferase has now been demonstrated utilizing a solubilized membrane
      preparation from pig trachea, which also synthesizes galactosyl-beta 1,4-N
      acetylglucosamine as determined by gas-liquid chromatography and Diplococcus
      pneumoniae beta-galactosidase treatment. This new UDP-galactose:N
      acetylglucosamine 4 beta-galactosyltransferase is distinct from the lactose
      synthetase A protein in that it does not bind to alpha-lactalbumin-agarose or to
      N-acetylglucosamine-agarose. The enzyme is separable from the UDP-galactose:N
      acetylgalactosaminyl-mucin 3 beta-galactosyltransferase by affinity
      chromatography on asialo ovine submaxillary mucin adsorbed to DEAE-Sephacel. This
      newly discovered 4 beta-galactosyltransferase binds to UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose
      and is partially separated from UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 3 beta
      galactosyltransferase by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. Neither
      high concentrations of N-acetylglucosamine (200 mM) nor alpha-lactalbumin
      inhibits the incorporation of galactose into galactosyl-beta 1,4-N
      acetylglucosamine by this enzyme.

PMID- 6429139
TI  - Chloroquine inhibits cyclization of squalene oxide to lanosterol in mammalian
      cells.
AB  - Chloroquine inhibits the incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols at a
      concentration of 10 microM or more in mouse L cells but has no effect on fatty
      acid synthesis and CO2 production from the same substrate even at a 10-fold
      higher concentration of the drug. The site of inhibition is distal to the
      formation of mevalonate since chloroquine also inhibits [14C]mevalonate
      metabolism to sterols and does not decrease the activity of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) or the incorporation of
      [14C]acetate into the total nonsaponifiable lipids. Analyses by thin layer and
      high pressure liquid chromatography of the nonsaponifiable lipid fraction from
      cultures incubated with chloroquine show an accumulation of radioactivity in the
      region of squalene oxide. Identification of the radiolabeled lipid as squalene
      oxide has been established by: (a) its co-migration with the authentic squalene
      oxide standard; (b) its conversion into squalene glycol by acid hydrolysis; and
      (c) its further metabolism to desmosterol when chloroquine is removed from the
      medium. Addition of chloroquine (12.5-50 microM) to 20,000 X g supernatant
      fractions of mouse liver homogenates inhibits the incorporation of
      [14C]mevalonolactone into cholesterol and lanosterol, with corresponding
      increases of [14C]squalene oxides, in a concentration-dependent manner. It
      appears, therefore, that chloroquine inhibits the enzymatic step catalyzed by 2,3
      oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase (EC 5.4.99.7). Incubation of cell cultures with
      chloroquine (50 microM) arrests cell growth and causes cell death after 1-3 days.
      However, simultaneous incubation of chloroquine with either cholesterol or
      lanosterol prevents cell death and permits cell growth. Uptake of chloroquine is
      not affected by exogenous sterols since intracellular chloroquine concentrations
      are the same in cells grown with or without added sterols. The cytotoxicity of
      chloroquine, under our experimental conditions, must, therefore, be due primarily
      to its inhibition of sterol synthesis. In addition to its well known effect on
      protein catabolism, chloroquine has been found to inhibit protein synthesis. The
      significance of these findings concerning the use of chloroquine in studying the
      regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity is
      discussed.

PMID- 6429140
TI  - Interaction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase in the presence and absence of lipid.
AB  - Phospholipid has been reported to be necessary for optimal catalytic activity of
      a number of mammalian cytochrome P-450 (P-450) systems. We also confirm that a
      number of individual phospholipids and mixtures, used as soluble monomers or
      phospholipid vesicles, show activation of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity
      by an enzyme system composed of rat liver microsomal P-450PB-B and NADPH-P-450
      reductase. However, by preincubating a mixture of P-450 and NADPH-P-450 reductase
      at high concentrations, optimal activity can be obtained in the absence of
      phospholipid. The catalytic activity of the complex formed is concentration
      dependent in the absence of lipid or in the presence of soluble lipid. The
      activity in phospholipid vesicles is optimal and concentration independent. The
      apparent Km for NADPH-P-450 reductase in P-450-dependent oxidation systems is
      lowered severalfold in the presence of phospholipid. The apparent Km for the P
      450 substrate, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and the temperature dependence of 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity were unaffected by the addition of
      phospholipid to a preformed complex of P-450PB-B and NADPH-P-450 reductase. The
      effect of lipid on a number of other P-450 isozymes was also examined and in no
      case did lipid enhance the catalytic activity of the preformed complex. These
      results lead to the conclusion that the major effect of phospholipids in P-450
      based enzyme systems is the facilitation of an active P-450:NADPH-P-450 reductase
      complex. This is the first report that maximum P-450 supported monooxygenase
      activity can be obtained in the absence of phospholipid.

PMID- 6429141
TI  - Activation of phospholipase C is dissociated from arachidonate metabolism during
      platelet shape change induced by thrombin or platelet-activating factor.
      Epinephrine does not induce phospholipase C activation or platelet shape change.
AB  - The present study compares the molecular mechanism by which thrombin, platelet
      activating factor, and epinephrine induce platelet activation. Thrombin and
      platelet-activating factor induce an initial activation of phospholipase C, as
      measured by formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, during
      platelet shape change which is independent of and dissociated from metabolism of
      arachidonic acid. Phospholipase C activation and shape change are independent of
      extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+. Formation of cyclooxygenase products occurs
      subsequent to the initial activation of phospholipase C and those metabolites are
      associated with platelet aggregation and further activation of phospholipase C.
      On the other hand, epinephrine is an unique platelet stimulus since it requires
      extracellular divalent cations and does not induce platelet shape change or
      activation of phospholipase C. Our results indicate that activation of
      phospholipase C may be a mechanism by which physiological agonists can activate
      platelets independently of extracellular divalent cations.

PMID- 6429142
TI  - Arachidonic acid epoxides. Demonstration through [18O]oxygen studies of an
      intramolecular transfer of the terminal hydroxyl group of (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosa
      5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid to form hydroxyepoxides.
AB  - Purified 12-hydroperoxyeicosa - 5, 8, 10, 14 - tetrae noic acid (12-HPETE)
      containing deuterium atoms at 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 was prepared by
      incubating octadeuterated arachidonic acid with a platelet preparation in air or
      [18O]oxygen gas. A mixture of 12-HPETE containing 16O16O:18O18O (5:4) was
      subsequently prepared and incubated with hematin in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4); in
      another experiment the same mixture of 12-HPETE was incubated with a rat lung
      preparation (0-30% ammonium sulfate) which lacked epoxide hydratase activity. Gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry negative ion chemical ionization analysis of the
      extracted products after conversion into pentafluorobenzyl-trimethylsilyl
      derivatives indicated that the products from both incubations, i.e. 12
      hydroxyeicosa - 5,8,10,14 - tetraenoic acid (12 - HETE), 8 - hydroxy - 11,12
      epoxyeicosa - 5,9,14 - trienoic acid (8H-11,12-EPETE), 10H - 11,12-epoxyeicosa -
      5,8,14 - trienoic acid (10H-11,12-EPETE), and 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosa-5,9,14
      trienoic acid, all retained either two [16O]oxygen or two [18O]oxygen atoms of
      starting 12-HPETE and that no mixed species existed which contained one
      [16O]oxygen and one [18O]oxygen atom. These results demonstrate for the first
      time in the arachidonic acid series an intramolecular transfer of the terminal
      hydroxyl group of the hydroperoxide of 12-HPETE to the C-8 or C-10 alkyl
      positions to form the hydroxyepoxides 8H-11,12-EPETE and 10H-11,12-EPETE. This
      reaction carried out by both hematin in the absence of protein and the rat lung
      preparation is suggestive of a metal-hydroperoxide-olefin "cage" complex
      facilitating a concerted reaction in which the terminal hydroxyl group of the
      hydroperoxide is trapped by alkyl free radical centers.

PMID- 6429143
TI  - Differentiation-dependent chromatin alterations precede and accompany
      transcription of immunoglobulin light chain genes.
AB  - We have studied the nature of chromatin alterations along immunoglobulin light
      chain (IgL) genes during B cell development using cultured murine cell lines.
      Employing a chromatin fractionation procedure on micrococcal nuclease-treated
      nuclei, we demonstrate that transcriptionally active k IgL chromatin lacks a
      canonical nucleosomal repeat and exhibits a pronounced association with insoluble
      nuclear material but is processed by nuclease to a soluble nucleosomal component
      that apparently lacks histone H1 and is enriched in high mobility group proteins.
      Of particular significance, utilizing a variant plasmacytoma cell line that has
      transcriptionally inactivated one k allele via a promoter deletion, we
      demonstrate that transcription per se is not responsible for these novel
      alterations. Furthermore, we show that the chromatin encompassing germline
      (unrearranged) and transcriptionally silent lambda IgL alleles in k-producing
      plasmacytomas exhibit some of the same unusual properties that are displayed by k
      alleles. Finally, we demonstrate that these alterations only occur in cell lines
      of the lymphocyte lineage that have progressed past the early pre-B cell stage;
      when inactive, both k and lambda IgL genes possess typical nucleosomal packaging
      and co-fractionate with histone H1-containing chromatin. These findings lead us
      to propose a model that predicts B cell stage-specific alterations in IgL
      chromatin prior to gene rearrangement and transcription.

PMID- 6429144
TI  - Induction of synthesis of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and
      adrenodoxin by follicle-stimulating hormone, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, and low density
      lipoprotein in cultured bovine granulosa cells.
AB  - The actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br
      cAMP), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) to stimulate the production of
      progesterone and the synthesis of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P
      450 (cytochrome P-450ssc) and adrenodoxin were investigated in bovine granulosa
      cells maintained in primary monolayer culture. Treatment of granulosa cells in
      culture with FSH resulted in an increased incorporation of [35S]methionine into
      immunoprecipitable cytochrome P-450scc in a concentration-dependent fashion with
      a maximal effect being obtained at an FSH concentration of 500 ng/ml. Treatment
      of granulosa cells with FSH also resulted in the induction of synthesis of
      adrenodoxin. The cyclic AMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, induced the synthesis of both
      cytochrome P-450scc and adrenodoxin to a greater extent than did FSH. LDL also
      stimulated the synthesis of both cytochrome P-450scc and adrenodoxin, when added
      to cells maintained in the presence of lipoprotein-poor serum. The presence of
      FSH or 8-Br-cAMP together with LDL resulted in a higher rate of enzyme synthesis
      than that observed with each effector alone. FSH, 8-Br-cAMP, and LDL also
      stimulated progesterone production by cultured granulosa cells. The results of
      this study offer a possible mechanism whereby granulosa cells undergo
      cytodifferentiation in vivo into luteal cells. The concentration of LDL in
      follicular fluid is very low. Following ovulation, vascularization of the
      follicle occurs and thus the granulosa cells are exposed to high levels of LDL,
      allowing for provision of substrate cholesterol, as well as stimulation of the
      synthesis of the enzymes involved in cholesterol side chain cleavage.

PMID- 6429145
TI  - Effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and its analogue 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13
      didecanoate on protein phosphorylation and lysosomal enzyme release in rabbit
      neutrophils.
AB  - The co-carcinogenic compound phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not its inactive
      analogue 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate causes the phosphorylation of several
      rabbit neutrophil polypeptides whose molecular weights and isoelectric points
      (pI) are as follows: Mr = 40,000, pI = 6.4; Mr = 50,000, pI = 4.9; Mr = 55,000,
      pI = 6.3; Mr = 64,000, pI = 6.0; Mr = 70,000, pI = 5.6; Mr = 90,000, pI = 6.0.
      Most of these phosphorylated proteins are located exclusively in the cytosol; the
      64,000 molecular weight protein is found both in the cytosol and the
      cytoskeleton, and the 40,000 molecular weight protein is found in the nuclear
      pellet. The 50,000 molecular weight protein is also phosphorylated in whole cells
      by the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe and in cell-free systems by protein
      kinase C. Using limited proteolysis, one phosphopeptide fragment was
      phosphorylated by the three stimuli. In addition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
      but not 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate causes cell aggregation and the
      exocytotic release of the specific granules of rabbit neutrophils. In contrast,
      both compounds increase the amount of actin associated with the cytoskeleton. The
      divalent cation ionophore A23187 at low concentration and the compound phorbol 12
      myristate 13-acetate act synergistically in causing neutrophil degranulation.
      Lysosomal enzyme release and the phosphorylation of the 50,000 molecular weight
      polypeptide produced by phorbl 12-myristate 13-acetate are inhibited by
      trifluoperazine, and these two responses seem to be causally related. These
      results are discussed in terms of the role of 1,2-diacylglycerol and activation
      of protein kinase C in specific granule release from rabbit neutrophils.

PMID- 6429146
TI  - The titration of tetanus antitoxin II. A comparative evaluation of the indirect
      haemagglutination and toxin neutralization tests.
AB  - Serum samples from 77 guinea pigs immunized against tetanus have been titrated
      for tetanus antitoxin by a standardized indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test and
      the conventional toxin neutralization (TN) test. These sera were titrated before
      and after treatment of the sera with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) by the IHA test
      using unfixed sheep erythrocytes and erythrocytes fixed with glutaraldehyde,
      formaldehyde and pyruvic aldehyde. The titres of these sera obtained by IHA using
      unfixed and glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes before treatment of the sera
      with 2-ME were two to six times higher than the TN titres, whereas the IHA-titres
      using formaldehyde- and pyruvic aldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes were 10 times
      higher than the TN titres in some of the sera. There was no statistically
      significant difference between TN and IHA titres using unfixed and glutaraldehyde
      fixed sheep erythrocytes after the treatment of the sera with 2-ME.

PMID- 6429147
TI  - Detection of blood group A-like substance in bacterial and viral vaccines by
      countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis using Helix pomatia lectin.
AB  - The technique of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CI), using the N-acetyl
      glucosamine-binding lectin from Helix pomatia, provided a rapid, sensitive,
      inexpensive, specific and reliable method for assaying blood group A-like
      substances in both bacterial and viral vaccines. Blood group A-like substance was
      detected in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine manufactured by Merck Sharp &
      Dohme up to 1981 and in a staphylococcus vaccine ( Staphage Lysate) manufactured
      by Delmont Laboratories. Other US licensed vaccines, including diphtheria and
      tetanus toxoids, pertussis, meningococcal polysaccharide and influenza vaccines,
      did not contain detectable amounts of this substance. Human anti-A globulins did
      not provide a satisfactory reagent for the CI assay because they contained
      precipitating activities to the vaccine components.

PMID- 6429148
TI  - The peroxidase antiperoxidase staining of factor VIII-related antigen on cultured
      endothelial cells.
AB  - To prevent the premature occlusion of vascular prostheses, endothelium is being
      cultured experimentally onto synthetic flow surfaces. A rapid method of
      identifying cultured endothelium on the prosthesis is valuable for determining
      the degree of fibroblast and smooth muscle cell contamination and to screen for
      endothelial cell transformation. Fluorescent Factor VIII related antigen (FVIII
      RA) staining has been used to identify cultured endothelium, but results in
      excessive staining of the underlying prosthesis, loss of morphologic detail, and
      deterioration of the FVIII-RA antibody reaction with time. We have applied the
      peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method of antigen staining to permit staining of
      FVIII-RA and thereby to permit a sensitive and specific identification of human
      or canine endothelium with a concurrent analysis of morphologic detail.

PMID- 6429149
TI  - Cervical myelopathy treated by canal-expansive laminaplasty. Computed tomographic
      and myelographic findings.
AB  - The operation known as canal-expansive laminaplasty has the following advantages
      over wide laminectomy: (1) osseous protection of the spinal cord is retained, (2)
      the invasion of the cord by scar tissue is minimized, and (3) the stability of
      the spine is retained. We are reporting the clinical, computed tomographic, and
      computed myelographic findings before and after this operation in twenty-four
      patients with cervical myelopathy due to cervical spondylosis, spinal stenosis,
      or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The clinical results were
      excellent in four patients, good in eighteen, and fair in two. Symmetrical
      expansion of the spinal canal was clearly demonstrated by computed tomograms, and
      the metrizamide ring on the myelograms had a normal rounded curvature.

PMID- 6429150
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometry of collagen from lamina propria during experimental
      oral carcinogenesis and chronic inflammation.
AB  - Stereological point-counting methods were used to determine the volumetric
      alterations in collagen from the lamina propria immediately beneath the
      epithelial-connective tissue junction in hamster check-pouch mucosa treated with
      the chemical carcinogen DMBA. In addition, a non-neoplastic inflammatory control
      was evaluated in which a delayed hypersensitivity reaction was induced by the
      contact-sensitising agent DNCB. DMBA-treated tissues were assigned to
      histopathologically defined hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma stages. The
      volume densities of collagen present in unit volume of extracellular lamina
      propria were found to decrease progressively and significantly in DMBA-treated
      tissues when compared with values obtained from normal untreated mucosa. Values
      from the inflammatory control were comparable with those from the dysplasia stage
      of carcinogenesis. The mechanisms responsible for these decreases in collagen
      volume density are unknown, but contributory factors might include collagen
      destruction by enzymes originating in either the epithelium or the cells of the
      inflammatory infiltrate, dilution of collagen produced by inflammatory oedema or
      alterations in the synthetic capabilities of fibroblasts.

PMID- 6429151
TI  - Polydioxanone in vascular surgery. First experience with an absorbable suture in
      femoro-popliteal bypass.
AB  - The use of synthetic absorbable monofilament suture material (polydioxanone,
      PDS), is described for operative vascular surgery. Six anastomoses in three
      femoro-popliteal (tibial) vein bypass operations were performed. Angiographical
      control was carried out, when absorption was in progress (after a period of five
      months) or totally completed (within six months), and showed no dilatation or
      aneurysm formation at the suture line. One anastomosis was excised five months
      after the first intervention. Histological examination showed fragmented suture
      material and slight tissue reaction. Suture material characteristics in respect
      of tensile strength, pliability, knotting properties and visibility were judged
      critically.

PMID- 6429153
TI  - Transient N-acetylglucosamine in the biosynthesis of phytohemagglutinin:
      attachment in the Golgi apparatus and removal in protein bodies.
AB  - Cotyledons of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) synthesize large amounts of
      the lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) during seed development. The polypeptides of
      PHA are synthesized by endoplasmic reticulum-bound polysomes and co
      translationally glycosylated, pass through the Golgi complex, and accumulate in
      protein bodies, which constitute the lysosomal compartment in these cells. Some
      of the high-mannose sidechains of PHA are modified in the Golgi complex, and in
      mature PHA they contain N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, fucose, and xylose in the
      molar ratios 2, 3.8, 0.6, and 0.5. The results reported here show that the Golgi
      complex is also the site of additional N-acetylglucosamine incorporation into the
      modified sidechains. When developing cotyledons are labeled with [3H]glucosamine
      and glycopeptides of PHA present in the Golgi complex isolated, the radioactivity
      can be released as [3H]N-acetylglucosamine by digestion of the glycopeptides with
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, indicating that the residues are in a terminal
      position. Arrival of PHA in the protein bodies is followed by the slow removal of
      these terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues, resulting in a decrease in the Mr of
      the modified sidechains. The biosynthetic intermediates of the glycoproteins
      destined for the lysosomal compartments of animal cells contain high-mannose
      sidechains modified by phosphate groups covered by N-acetylglucosamine that is
      labile to mild acid treatment. When cotyledons are labeled with
      [32P]orthophosphate, there is no radioactivity in PHA obtained from any of the
      subcellular fractions. There is also no release of radioactivity when
      [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycopeptides obtained from PHA in the Golgi complex are
      subjected to mild acid hydrolysis. These results indicate that the sorting
      signals and posttranslational processing steps for proteins that are transported
      to the lysosomal compartment are different in plant cells and animal cells.

PMID- 6429152
TI  - Genetics of microtubule systems.
AB  - In most eucaryotes the tubulin genes comprise small multigene families with
      approximately equal numbers of genes for alpha- and beta-tubulin, the structural
      proteins of microtubules. The recent isolation of tubulin mutations in several
      species is proving to be a powerful tool for examining the structure and function
      of specific sets of microtubules. In Drosophila melanogaster, genetic analysis of
      a testis-specific beta-tubulin gene has shown that a single tubulin gene product
      may fulfill a number of different microtubule functions. In addition to tubulin
      mutations, mutations in other genes whose products are involved in the regulation
      or structure of specific microtubule arrays have also been isolated. The
      combination of analysis of both classes of mutations is beginning to allow a
      molecular description of the construction and function of three-dimensional
      cellular structures. In addition, such studies may also shed light on the
      evolutionary pressures that gave rise to and serve to maintain small families of
      genes encoding very similar proteins.

PMID- 6429154
TI  - Durable synthesis of high molecular weight heat shock proteins in G0 cells of the
      yeast and other eucaryotes.
AB  - We report that eucaryotic cells were induced to synthesize a specific class of
      heat shock proteins (hsps) when they entered the resting state, G0. This finding
      was originally made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by taking advantage of
      the system in which we can distinguish between G1 arrests leading to G0 and those
      that do not result in G0 (Iida, H., and I. Yahara, 1984, J. Cell Biol. 98:1185
      1193). Similar observations were subsequently made with higher eucaryotic cells
      including chick embryonic fibroblasts (CEF), mouse T lymphocytes, and Drosophila
      GM1 cells. The induction of hsps in G0 cells was distinct from that in heat
      shocked cells in two respects. First, hsps with molecular weight around 25,000
      were not induced in G0 cells, whereas most, if not all, high molecular weight
      (HMW) hsps were commonly induced both in G0 cells and in heat-shocked cells.
      Second, in contrast to the transient synthesis of hsps in heat-shocked cells, G0
      cells continued to synthesize hsps at the stimulated rate for a relatively long
      period. These results suggest the possibility that high molecular weight hsps
      might function in a transition from the proliferating state to G0 or in
      maintaining G0 in the eucaryote.

PMID- 6429155
TI  - Acanthamoeba castellanii capping protein: properties, mechanism of action,
      immunologic cross-reactivity, and localization.
AB  - We report further characterization of the physical and immunologic properties,
      mechanism of action, and intracellular localization of Acanthamoeba castellanii
      capping protein, an actin regulatory protein discovered by Isenberg (Isenberg,
      G., U. Aebi, and T. D. Pollard, 1980, Nature (Lond.) 288:455-459). The native
      molecular weight calculated from measurements of Stokes' radius (3.8 nm by gel
      filtration chromatography) and sedimentation coefficient (4.8 S by sucrose
      gradient velocity sedimentation) was 74,000 daltons. The subunit molecular
      weights were 31,000 and 28,000 daltons, so the native molecule is a heterodimer.
      The two subunits did not immunologically cross-react with each other or with any
      other proteins from Acanthamoeba or several other organisms. In studies of the
      mechanism of action, Isenberg (see above reference) found that capping protein
      blocked polymerization from the barbed end of actin filaments and sedimented with
      actin filaments. We confirmed that capping protein binds to actin filaments with
      a gel filtration assay. Capping protein decreased the length distribution and
      high shear viscosity of actin filaments. Capping protein did not bundle or cross
      link actin filaments. Low concentrations of capping protein increased the
      critical concentration for muscle and ameba actin polymerization from 0.1 to 0.6
      microM in Mg++ and EGTA. Increasing amounts of capping protein did not increase
      the critical concentration further. In Ca++ capping protein did not change the
      critical concentration for muscle actin, but did increase the critical
      concentration for ameba actin. Ca++ had no effect on the ability of capping
      protein to decrease the low or high shear viscosity of actin filaments. By
      indirect fluorescent antibody staining, capping protein was localized to the cell
      cortex, an area rich in actin filaments. During subcellular fractionation of
      homogenates, about 1/3 of cellular capping protein banded with a crude membrane
      fraction. The other 2/3 of cellular capping protein was soluble, with a Stokes'
      radius equal to that of the purified protein. The molar ratio of capping protein
      to actin in the cell was 1:150.

PMID- 6429156
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin induces intracellular transport of human class I
      transplantation antigen heavy chains in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Human class I transplantation antigens are cell-surface-expressed molecules
      composed of one glycosylated, membrane-integrated heavy chain and one
      nonglycosylated, water-soluble subunit, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). We have
      examined the intracellular transport of the two subunits by microinjecting mRNA
      into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Beta 2m, translated in oocytes, was transported and
      secreted into the medium in the absence of heavy chains whereas heavy chains were
      retained in the endoplasmic reticulum if not cotranslated with beta 2m. In the
      presence of beta 2m, heavy chains resisted digestion by endoglycosidase H (Endo
      H), suggesting that beta 2m promotes the transport of heavy chains from
      endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi compartment. Pulse-chase experiments confirmed
      this notion. The possibility that heavy chains aggregate irreversibly when
      synthesized in the absence of beta 2m was ruled out and it is demonstrated that
      performed heavy chains will become transported once beta 2m is available. It is
      suggested that intracellular transport is controlled by structural features that
      are part of the transported polypeptide. If so, beta 2m but not heavy chains may
      possess such features.

PMID- 6429157
TI  - Transport of protein between cytoplasmic membranes of fused cells: correspondence
      to processes reconstituted in a cell-free system.
AB  - Mixed monolayers containing vesicular stomatitis virus-infected Chinese hamster
      ovary clone 15B cells (lacking UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase I, a Golgi
      enzyme) and uninfected wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells were formed.
      Extensive cell fusion occurs after the monolayer is exposed to a pH of 5.0. The
      vesicular stomatitis virus encoded membrane glycoprotein (G protein) resident in
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum (labeled with [35S]methionine) or Golgi complex
      (labeled with [3H]palmitate) of 15B cells at the time of fusion can reach Golgi
      complexes from wild-type cells after fusion; G protein present in the plasma
      membrane cannot. Transfer to wild-type Golgi complexes is monitored by the
      conversion of G protein to an endoglycosidase H-resistant form upon arrival, and
      also demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. G protein in the Golgi
      complex of the 15B cells at the time of fusion exhibits properties vis a vis its
      transfer to an exogenous Golgi population identical to those found earlier in a
      cell-free system (Fries, E., and J. E. Rothman. 1981. J. Cell Biol., 90: 697
      704). Specifically, pulse-chase experiments using the in vivo fusion and in vitro
      assays reveal the same two populations of G protein in the Golgi complex. The
      first population, consisting of G protein molecules that have just received their
      fatty acid, can transfer to a second Golgi population in vivo and in vitro. The
      second population, entered by G protein approximately 5 min after its acylation,
      is unavailable for this transfer, in vivo and in vitro. Presumably, this second
      population consists of those G-protein molecules that had already been
      transferred between compartments within the 15B Golgi population, in an
      equivalent process before cell fusion or homogenization for in vitro assays.
      Evidently, the same compartment boundary in the Golgi complex is detected by
      these two measurements. The surprisingly facile process of glycoprotein transit
      between Golgi stacks that occurs in vivo may therefore be retained in vitro,
      providing a basis for the cell-free system.

PMID- 6429158
TI  - Two enzymes involved in the synthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides are localized
      on membranes of different densities in mouse lymphoma BW5147 cells.
AB  - Microsomal membranes from mouse lymphoma BW5147 cells were fractionated on a
      continuous sucrose gradient and assayed for two enzymes involved in the synthesis
      of O-linked oligosaccharides. Both enzymes were recovered in membranes that were
      less dense than the membranes containing the endoplasmic reticulum marker
      enzymes, glucosidase I and II. UDP-Gal:N-acetylgalactosamine-beta 1, 3
      galactosyltransferase had a distribution that coincided with that of the
      galactosyltransferase that acts on asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. This
      latter enzyme has been immunolocalized to the trans Golgi elements. The UDP
      GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase was recovered in a membrane
      fraction of intermediate density, between the endoplasmic reticulum and trans
      Golgi markers. These findings are consistent with the assembly of O-linked
      oligosaccharides occurring in at least two different Golgi compartments.

PMID- 6429159
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases cytosolic free Ca2+ in clonal pituitary
      cells (GH3 cells): direct evidence for the mobilization of cellular calcium.
AB  - Changes in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration following cell surface receptor
      activation have been proposed to mediate a wide variety of cellular responses.
      Using the specific Ca2+ chelator quin2 as a fluorescent intracellular probe, we
      measured the Ca2+ levels in the cytosol of clonal rat pituitary cells, GH3 cells.
      We demonstrate that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at nanomolar
      concentrations leads to a rapid and transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+. This
      increase was found to occur in Ca2+-free media in the presence of EGTA, thus at
      extracellular Ca2+ levels that are below the cytosolic concentrations, and was
      not prevented by verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker. Depolarization of GH3 cells
      with K+, which can mimic the action of TRH on prolactin release, increased
      cytosolic Ca2+ levels only in the presence of free extracellular Ca2+, and this
      increase could be blocked by verapamil. These data show that the mobilization of
      intracellular Ca2+ due to TRH action that has been proposed by previous studies
      actually leads to an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+. The kinetic features of
      this response emphasize the key role of cytosolic free Ca2+ in stimulus-secretion
      coupling.

PMID- 6429160
TI  - Mitogenic and comitogenic properties of the indole alkaloid class of tumor
      promotors.
AB  - We determined the mitogenic and comitogenic properties of tumor promoters in the
      indole alkaloid series; agents that differ structurally from 12-0
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which is known to be a lymphocyte mitogen.
      Teleocidin and dihydroteleocidin B were mitogenic for human lymphocytes, and
      lyngbyatoxin A elicited little or no mitogenesis. Catalase enhanced the
      mitogenicity of teleocidin and dihydroteleocidin B, and lyngbyatoxin A was also
      mitogenic in the presence of catalase. The potency of the agents was TPA =
      teleocidin greater than dihydroteleocidin B greater than lyngbyatoxin A.
      Dimethylsulfoxide and butyric acid markedly inhibited proliferation induced by
      these agents in human lymphocytes. The indole alkaloid tumor promoters were all
      comitogenic for murine thymocytes and induced production of interleukin-2. While
      the comitogenic effect of teleocidin was similar to that of TPA in its
      susceptibility to inhibition by dimethylsulfoxide and butyric acid, the
      comitogenic effect of dihydroteleocidin B and lyngbyatoxin A were less
      susceptible to these agents. These findings may facilitate the identification of
      cellular sites responsible for the inhibitory effect of differentiating agents on
      proliferative responses of lymphocytes.

PMID- 6429161
TI  - Studies on the energy metabolism of opossum (Didelphis Virginiana) erythrocytes.
      I. Utilization of carbohydrates and purine nucleosides.
AB  - Opossum erythrocytes filtered through cellulose columns were used to estimate
      their permeability to D-glucose and optimum inorganic phosphate requirement for D
      glucose utilization at pH 7.4 and 8.1. D-Glucose readily penetrated opossum red
      cells; there was no measurable difference whether plasma or electrolyte solution
      served as the suspending medium. Optimum extracellular inorganic phosphate
      concentration for glucose utilization as indicated by red cell lactate production
      was pH-dependent, with a sharp optimum of 30 mmol/liter at pH 8.1. Whereas
      glucose, fructose, mannose, dihydroxyacetone, adenosine, and inosine were readily
      utilized at pH 7.4 and Pi 30 mmol/liter as shown by net lactate and ATP
      production by the red cells, galactose and ribose as substrates were not
      metabolized. In electrolyte, Pi 30 mmol/liter, and pH 7.4 glucose utilization by
      opossum red cells averaged 3.5 mumol, at pH 8.1, 9.5 mumol/ml cells/hr were
      utilized. Red cells suspended in leukocyte-free plasma utilized D-glucose at a
      rate of 3.0 mumol/ml/hr at pH 7.5. Seven percent of D-glucose flowed through the
      pentose phosphate pathway; this rate increased 11-fold by methylene blue
      stimulation. The amount of D-glucose recycled through the pentose phosphate
      pathway increased 300-fold in the presence of the redox dye.

PMID- 6429162
TI  - A teenager with a hepatic filling defect.

PMID- 6429163
TI  - A listless baby with pale mucous membranes.

PMID- 6429164
TI  - Algorithm for the evaluation of patients with anorexia.

PMID- 6429165
TI  - Crohn's disease. The problem and its management.

PMID- 6429166
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

PMID- 6429167
TI  - Pain relief during surgery.

PMID- 6429168
TI  - Radiation exposure and cancer.

PMID- 6429169
TI  - Bioethics in the medical center: an exploration.

PMID- 6429170
TI  - Technology and the cost of care.

PMID- 6429171
TI  - NMR and curtailing hospital expenditures.

PMID- 6429172
TI  - Hypercalcemia, nausea, years of bloody diarrhea.

PMID- 6429173
TI  - Abdominal pain in child who refused to walk.

PMID- 6429174
TI  - Hypertensive crisis during rhinoplasty.

PMID- 6429175
TI  - Salt and water balance in liver disease.

PMID- 6429176
TI  - Very wide QRS complexes.

PMID- 6429177
TI  - Muscle weakness in the middle of the night.

PMID- 6429178
TI  - 'Sudden-onset' murmur in an 18-year-old.

PMID- 6429179
TI  - Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6429180
TI  - Quantitative analysis of prostaglandins in cell culture medium by high-resolution
      gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
AB  - Prostaglandins have been shown to be important modulators of haemostatis , immune
      responses, and growth of normal and neoplastic cells. In order to investigate the
      cell origin and metabolic profile of the endogenous prostaglandins in human
      tumours, a convenient extraction and gas chromatographic method for measuring the
      various classes of prostaglandins was developed. Infiltrating macrophages from
      human tumours were isolated using adherence to plastic. Macrophage-enriched and
      macrophage-depleted cell populations were then cultured in vitro and the media
      supernatant was studied for the presence of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha, and
      6-keto-F1 alpha (the spontaneous breakdown product of prostacyclin, PGI2).
      Routinely, 1 ml of medium containing 10(6) cells was studied. The eicosanoids
      were extracted using commercially available octadecylsilyl silica reversed-phase
      columns prior to derivatization. Standards and samples were prepared as
      pentafluorobenzyl ester (methoxime) trimethylsilyl ether derivatives for analysis
      on an OV-101 (25 m X 0.2 mm) fused-silica capillary column. Recovery of standards
      ranged from 93% to 37%, with linear recovery in all instances (regression
      coefficients greater than 0.98). Detection limits were 20 pg for each of the
      prostaglandins. Analysis of cell subpopulations from six human tumours revealed
      that infiltrating macrophages produce various prostaglandin profiles and are
      largely responsible for the prostaglandin production in human cancer. The
      described analytical method is the first application of high-resolution gas
      chromatography with electron-capture detection to the quantitative profiling of
      prostaglandins from human cell culture.

PMID- 6429181
TI  - Circulating growth hormone forms after stimulation of pituitary secretion with
      growth hormone-releasing factor in man.
AB  - Human GH (hGH) in the circulation of acromegalic patients and pharmacologically
      stimulated normal subjects consists of several monomeric and oligomeric molecular
      forms. However, little is known about the nature of plasma hGH under
      physiological conditions. We examined the molecular composition of plasma hGH
      secreted in response to synthetic human pancreatic tumor GRF-(1-40) (hpGRF-40), a
      peptide closely resembling or identical to hypothalamic GRF. The peptide (10
      micrograms/kg) was injected iv into six normal men, and blood was obtained 30 min
      later. Plasma hGH was characterized by gel filtration and by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and
      isoelectric focusing after extraction from plasma by immunoadsorbent
      chromatography. At least 53% of hGH eluted as little (monomeric) hGH, 27% as big
      (dimeric) hGH, and 20% or less as big-big (oligomeric and spurious) hGH during
      gel filtration. Among the monomeric forms, the 22,000-dalton form was predominant
      (83%), with smaller quantities of the 20,000-dalton variant (11%), and one or
      more unidentified acidic forms (N alpha-acetylated, deamidated, or cleaved hGH)
      (6%) also present. The molecular composition of plasma hGH secreted in response
      to hpGRF-40 is similar to that released after pharmacological stimuli or that
      circulating in acromegaly.

PMID- 6429182
TI  - Distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity in human
      tissue extracts.
AB  - A specific RIA for human pancreatic tumor GH-releasing hormone [hpGRH(1-44)NH2]
      was developed using an antiserum which recognizes the region (Met27-Leu44)NH2 of
      hpGRH(1-44)NH2. This RIA was used to measure GH-releasing hormone-like
      immunoreactivity (GRH-LI) in various human tissue extracts. The highest
      concentration of GRH-LI was detected in extract of pituitary stalk with moderate
      amounts found in hypothalamus and optic chiasm but none in the cerebrum,
      cerebellum, medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and anterior pituitary. In peripheral
      organs appreciable quantities of GRH-LI were found in the pancreas, whereas
      extracts of thyroid, lung, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, adrenal, and kidney
      contained very low concentrations of GRH-LI. No GRH-LI was detected in liver and
      spleen extracts. Gel permeation chromatographic analysis of the tissue extract
      from the hypothalamus revealed only one peak which eluted at the same position as
      that of 125I-hpGRH(1-44)NH2. Similar analysis of an extract from the optic chiasm
      showed one peak at the same position as that of 125I-hpGRH(1-44)NH2 and another
      peak which eluted after hpGRH(1-44)NH2. In contrast, an extract from the pancreas
      contained only one peak which eluted before 125I-hpGRH(1-44)NH2, indicating a
      possible precursor form of hpGRH(1-44)NH2. Limited trypsin digestion of the GRH
      LI material from the pancreas, followed by gel permeation chromatographic
      analysis, yielded a major peak eluting at the same position as that of 125I
      hpGRH(1-44)NH2. These results suggest that the GRH-LI detected in the
      hypothalamus most likely corresponds to hpGRH(1-44)NH2 in structure and that the
      GRH biosynthesized in the hypothalamus is transported to the stalk median
      eminence and stored there for release into the portal vessels.

PMID- 6429183
TI  - Radioimmunoassays specific for the tertiary and primary structures of thyroxine
      binding globulin (TBG): measurement of denatured TBG in serum.
AB  - Antisera prepared by immunization of rabbits with human T4-binding globulin (TBG)
      contained two populations of antibodies: one directed against determinants of the
      native molecule, and the other directed against antigenic sites present only in
      denatured TBG. These two populations of antibodies were present in all nine
      antisera prepared in this or other laboratories that were tested. Exploiting this
      property of anti-TBG sera and using radioiodinated denatured TBG as a tracer, a
      RIA was developed which measures specifically denatured TBG in the presence of
      native TBG. The RIA for measuring denatured TBG used purified native TBG, which
      was denatured by reduction and pyridylethylation (RP-TBG) before labeling with
      125I. Native TBG was measured using the same antiserum, but the 125I-labeled
      tracer was unmodified TBG. The sensitivity of the native TBG RIA was 0.25 ng
      purified native TBG. Equivalent amounts of native TBG in serum, desialylated TBG,
      and deglycosylated TBG produced superimposeable standard curves. The cross
      reactivity with RP-TBG was less than 0.02%. The denatured TBG RIA had a
      sensitivity of 1 ng, and superimposeable curves were produced with equivalent
      concentrations of RP-TBG and heat-denatured native TBG. The cross-reactivity of
      0.8% with native and deglycosylated TBG was, at least in part, due to denatured
      TBG in the purified preparations. The specificity of the two RIAs is due to the
      existence of distinct and exclusive antigenic determinants in native TBG and
      denatured TBG which are probably located on the surface of the tertiary structure
      and internally at the primary structure of the molecule, respectively. Heat and
      acid pH treatments of serum produced a progressive loss in immunoreactive native
      TBG, proportional to the loss of T4-binding capacity. A reciprocal and
      quantitative increase in denatured TBG, as measured in the denatured TBG RIA, was
      found. T4 partially protected the native TBG from denaturation. Denatured TBG was
      detected in sera from normal adults. The mean value was 6.05 +/- 2.25 (+/- SD)
      micrograms/dl (n = 11). Similar values were found in 8 pregnant women, 5 men with
      familial partial TBG deficiency, and 15 hypothyroid 7 hepatic, and 8 renal
      failure patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6429184
TI  - Pulsatile gonadotropin secretion during the human menstrual cycle: evidence for
      altered frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
AB  - Pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH was examined to determine if the frequency of
      LH pulses, and by inference pulsatile GnRH secretion, varied during the human
      menstrual cycle. Blood samples were obtained at 10- or 20-min intervals for 12 or
      24 h at 7-day intervals during the same ovulatory cycle in eight normal women.
      Ovarian steroids showed the expected cyclical changes and mean plasma FSH
      concentrations showed an inverse relationship to estradiol, being low when
      estradiol was greater than 150 pg/ml. Sampling every 10 min revealed a constant
      LH pulse amplitude but LH pulse frequency increased (from 11.8 to 14.3 pulses/12
      h) during the follicular phase. LH pulse frequency was not further increased in
      two women sampled during the LH surge, but pulse amplitude was markedly higher.
      During the luteal phase LH pulse frequency was reduced to eight pulses/12 h but
      frequency was more variable between subjects than in the follicular phase. LH
      pulse amplitude showed striking variation (0.8-29.4 mIU/ml) during the luteal
      phase of the cycle and large LH secretory episodes which lasted 1-3 h were
      irregularly interspersed among periods of low amplitude LH secretion. These data
      show that the frequency of LH pulses, and by inference GnRH secretion, varies
      during the menstrual cycle but the degree of change is less than reported in
      previous studies. This observation may explain the reported efficacy of fixed
      frequency GnRH regimes in inducing ovulation and cyclical ovarian function.

PMID- 6429185
TI  - Insulin-degrading activity in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear circulating
      leukocytes of nondiabetic and diabetic subjects.
AB  - Insulin-degrading activity in mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN)
      fractions of circulating leukocytes obtained from 7 nondiabetic and 13 insulin
      dependent diabetic subjects was studied. Insulin-degrading activity in both MN
      and PMN fractions was activated by reduced glutathione and was inhibited
      completely by N-ethylmaleimide. Both fractions had Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)
      (insulin) values within the range of values reported for purified glutathione
      insulin transhydrogenase (GIT). In double immunodiffusion tests with antibody to
      human liver GIT, the MN fraction showed immunoprecipitin bands continuous with
      those of purified liver enzyme, but the PMN fraction showed little or no reaction
      with the antibody. These data indicate that both leukocyte fractions contain
      thiol-dependent insulin-degrading activity; however, only in the MN fraction was
      the degrading activity immunologically similar to that of liver GIT. Kinetic
      studies showed that the insulin-degrading activity of MN and PMN cells from
      diabetic patients had a 3.6- and 14.5-fold, respectively, higher maximal capacity
      (Vmax) than the insulin-degrading activity of these cells from nondiabetic
      subjects, without any change in the half-saturation constant for the substrate
      (Km for insulin). These results demonstrate that diabetes and/or insulin therapy
      result in increased leukocyte glutathione-dependent insulin-degrading activity.

PMID- 6429186
TI  - Hyaluronic acid enhances phagocytosis of human monocytes in vitro.
AB  - Pretreatment of human blood monocytes with hyaluronic acid for 0.5 hr enhanced
      significantly their ingestion in vitro of yeast particles opsonized with
      complement. The enhancement of the phagocytic capacity was dose dependent and
      maximal in the range of 25-50 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6429187
TI  - Glycosidase activities of Bacillus anthracis.
AB  - Bacillus anthracis could be distinguished from the taxonomically related species
      B. cereus, B. mycoides, and B. thuringiensis by a comparison of glycosidase
      activities. All the bacilli tested possessed alpha-glucosidase activity, as
      evidenced by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside. In B. anthracis,
      the glucosidase activity could be enhanced by the addition of agents which damage
      cellular surface structures. Treatment of B. anthracis strains with toluene.
      Triton X-100, or mutanolysin or cellular disruption by sonication resulted in
      higher rates of alpha-glucoside hydrolysis than were accomplished by cells
      suspended in buffer. It is suggested that intact B. anthracis cells have a
      limited permeability to the glucosidase substrate. In contrast to the results
      obtained for B. anthracis, Triton X-100 markedly diminished the enzymatic
      hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside by strains of B. cereus, B.
      mycoides, and B. thuringiensis. Triton X-100 also enhanced the alpha-maltosidase
      activity of B. anthracis but not that of the other bacilli. B. mycoides possessed
      an apparently inducible N-acetylglucosaminidase although the enzyme was absent in
      B. anthracis. The glucosaminidase was inducible in the presence of p-nitrophenyl
      N-acetylglucosamine in the absence of conventional nitrogen sources.
      Chloramphenicol prevented the induction of the glucosaminidase in B. mycoides. In
      several B. cereus and all B. thuringiensis strains, the glucosaminidase was
      constitutive. The results suggest a means for the rapid laboratory
      differentiation of B. anthracis from other closely related bacilli. Assays for
      alpha-glucosidase and alpha-maltosidase, in the presence and absence of Triton X
      100, can be used to distinguish B. anthracis from B. cereus, B. mycoides, and B.
      thuringiensis. Similarly, the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-N
      acetylglucosamine induced by B. mycoides but not by B. anthracis provides an
      additional means for differentiating these similar bacilli.

PMID- 6429188
TI  - Species distribution of coagulase-positive staphylococci in animals.
AB  - A total of 268 isolates of coagulase-positive staphylococci from a variety of
      animal species, including dogs, horses, cats, monkeys, goats, and cows, were
      assigned to species on the basis of the API Staph- Ident system (Analytab
      Products, Inc., Plainview , N.Y.). Of 195 isolates from dogs, 179 (91.8%) were
      Staphylococcus intermedius, as were 9 of 25 (36%) isolates from horses, 7 of 15
      (46.6%) isolates from cats, and 4 of 6 (66.6%) isolates from goats. Only 1 of 10
      isolates from monkeys and none of 7 isolates from cows were S. intermedius. Of
      the remaining 68 cultures, 63 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 5 as
      Staphylococcus hyicus. The latter identifications were rendered doubtful on the
      basis of conventional tests. Identification appeared to be more certain in the S.
      aureus sample than in the S. intermedius sample. Distribution of biotypes within
      the two bacterial species as represented by different API profile numbers and
      reactivity on test substrates showed no significant variations among the host
      species, except for the S. aureus biotypes in dogs. Both Staphylococcus species
      were represented about equally among samples from different tissues and lesions,
      apart from skin-related infections in dogs, which were associated exclusively
      with S. intermedius (P less than 0.01). Differences between S. aureus and S.
      intermedius in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, prevalence of clumping
      factor, and occurrence of beta-toxin were found to be not significant.

PMID- 6429189
TI  - Astrovirus and Breda virus infections of dome cell epithelium of bovine ileum.
AB  - A bovine enteric virus antigenically related to the United Kingdom isolate of
      bovine astrovirus was isolated from diarrheic feces, also containing rotavirus,
      of a calf in Florida. The astrovirus infected cell cultures and the epithelial
      cells of domes in the ileum, and there was cross-immunofluorescence with
      antiserum to the United Kingdom astrovirus. Calves infected with astrovirus alone
      did not develop clinical disease, but when astrovirus was mixed with rotavirus or
      Breda virus 2, the calves developed severe diarrhea and more extensive astrovirus
      infection of the dome epithelium. The dome epithelial cells showed degeneration
      associated with astrovirus infection, and a few cells showed degeneration with
      Breda virus 2 infection. Virions with a 30-nm diameter were seen in astrovirus
      infected dome cells, and Breda virus 2 virions were also observed either in
      separate cells or, on occasion, with both viruses in one cell.

PMID- 6429190
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of in situ bacterial colonization
      of intravenous and intraarterial catheters.
AB  - Intravenous and intraarterial catheters were examined microbiologically and
      morphologically. Bacteria or yeasts were recovered from 38 of the 63 catheters
      examined, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was present on 29 of the 38 colonized
      catheters. Examination of unused Teflon catheters ( Jelco ; Surgikos , Inc.,
      Peterborough , Ontario, Canada) showed surface irregularities, and the
      examination of colonized intravascular catheters recovered from patients showed
      very extensive amorphous accretions on both their lumenal and external plastic
      surfaces. Detailed scanning electron microscope examination of the accretions on
      vascular catheters from which S. epidermidis had been isolated showed (ca. 0.8
      micron) coccoid bacteria within confluent biofilms , in which they were enveloped
      by amorphous material. Transmission electron microscope examination of these same
      accretions revealed coccoid cells (ca. 0.8 micron) with a gram-positive cell wall
      structure living in fibrous matrix-enclosed microcolonies in spaces between
      squamous epithelial cells. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were seen to contain
      coccoid cells (ca. 1 micron) in a very extensive amorphous matrix, and a Candida
      parapsilosis biofilm contained very large numbers of large coccoid cells (ca. 4.3
      microns) in a fibrous matrix resembling fibrin. Cells of a Corynebacterium
      species appeared to form much less extensive matrix-enclosed microcolonies on the
      colonized plastic surface. These data indicate bacteria and yeasts colonize
      intravascular catheters by an adherent biofilm mode of growth on these plastic
      surfaces.

PMID- 6429191
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid radiometric differentiation test for the Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis complex by selective inhibition with p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta
      hydroxypropiophenone.
AB  - This study is an evaluation of a rapid technique for the differentiation of the
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from other mycobacteria, using p-nitro-alpha
      acetylamino-beta- hydroxypropiophenone (NAP) as a selective inhibitory agent. A
      total of 416 coded cultures, 234 cultures belonging to the M. tuberculosis
      complex and 182 cultures belonging to 35 other mycobacterial species, were tested
      in two laboratories for p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta- hydroxypropiophenone
      inhibition to concentrations of 5 and 10 micrograms of NAP per ml in Middlebrook
      7H12 liquid medium. Two testing modes were compared: the indirect, in which a
      large bacterial inoculum was used from an isolated culture on a solid medium, and
      the direct, which used a small inoculum from 7H12 medium. A decrease or no
      increase in daily 14CO2 output as measured by a BACTEC system was considered
      evidence of inhibition. The data presented show that a concentration of 5
      micrograms of NAP per ml can effectively separate the M. tuberculosis complex
      from other mycobacterial species in 4 to 6 days. The direct test data show that,
      unlike other conventional biochemical tests, it does not require a heavy inoculum
      of mycobacteria and can therefore be performed soon after growth is detected by
      the radiometric method.

PMID- 6429192
TI  - Mucoid conversion by phages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A total of 21 of 22 independent isolates of cystic fibrosis-associated
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be lysogenic for DNA-containing, complex
      capsid viruses. Several of the phages demonstrated the ability to select mucoid
      cells from populations of nonmucoid bacteria. Conversion to mucoid growth was
      more frequently achieved when phages were isolated from mucoid as opposed to
      nonmucoid cystic fibrosis-associated strains.

PMID- 6429193
TI  - Recovery and susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from
      extrapulmonary specimens by the BACTEC radiometric method.
AB  - This study was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity and rapidity of the BACTEC
      radiometric techniques for isolation and susceptibility testing of mycobacteria
      from extrapulmonary specimens. Concentrated specimens of urine, pleural fluid,
      and blood as well as other extrapulmonary specimens were processed for the
      recovery of mycobacteria and for drug susceptibility testing, employing
      conventional and BACTEC radiometric methods. Out of 483 specimens processed, 20
      were found to be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the conventional
      Lowenstein -Jensen medium, and 19 were found to be positive in the BACTEC 7H12
      medium. Average recovery times were 22.5 days for the conventional method and
      10.9 days for the BACTEC method. When isolated cultures were tested for
      susceptibility to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, results were
      reported at an average time of 22 and 5.4 days for the conventional and BACTEC
      methods, respectively, with good correlation.

PMID- 6429194
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on in vivo prostanoid production in the rabbit.
AB  - To investigate the effects of antiinflammatory steroids on in vivo prostaglandin
      production, urinary excretion rates of six different cyclo-oxygenase products
      were determined before, during, and after the administration of dexamethasone (1
      mg/kg per d). Urine was collected in metabolism cages and was analyzed for
      prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) by radioimmunoassay after
      open-column chromatography; 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were determined by radioimmunoassay after organic solvent
      extraction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; 7 alpha
      hydroxy-5,11-di-keto-tetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid (PGE-M) and 5 alpha,7 alpha
      dihydroxy-11-keto-tetranorprostane-1,16-dioic-acid (PGF-M), the major urinary
      metabolites of prostaglandins E and F, were determined by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry and by radioimmunoassay, respectively. Dexamethasone failed to cause
      a statistically significant change in the excretion rate of PGE2 (control, 250.4
      +/- 40.8; dexamethasone, 297.6 +/- 78.7 ng/kg per d). In contrast, PGF2 alpha
      excretion decreased during administration of dexamethasone (from 1,036 +/- 228 to
      449 +/- 158 ng/kg per d; P less than 0.05). The urinary excretion rates of 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha, TxB2, PGE-M, and PGF-M were not significantly altered by
      dexamethasone. (Control and dexamethasone values were, respectively, 63.6 +/- 7.9
      and 103.5 +/- 17.9 ng/kg per d for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha; 13.0 +/- 3.0 and 14.8 +/-
      2.1 ng/kg per d for TxB2; 1,251 +/- 217 and 1,905 +/- 573 ng/kg per d for PGE-M;
      and 4,131 +/- 611 and 4,793 +/- 600 ng/kg per d for PGF-M). Urine flow was
      significantly higher during dexamethasone administration (control, 159 +/- 24;
      dexamethasone, 305 +/- 29 ml/24 h; P less than 0.01). However, no correlation
      could be detected between changes in urine flow and changes in the excretion rate
      of any of the prostanoids investigated. It is concluded that the administration
      of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids does not affect the basal rate of
      total body prostanoid synthesis.

PMID- 6429195
TI  - Proteins of the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract. Fragmented immunoglobulin G
      opsonic antibody causing defective opsonophagocytosis.
AB  - In the disease cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa is a common clinical complication that determines most morbidity and
      almost all excess mortality. We postulated that in this disease a defect in
      Pseudomonas-reactive IgG antibodies may contribute to chronic Pseudomonas
      infections. Bronchoalveolar lavages were performed upon 13 patients with CF, 7
      patients with chronic bronchitis characterized by recurrent Pseudomonas
      infections, and 4 normal volunteers. The levels of various proteins important to
      host defenses and proteases were determined; enzyme inhibition studies were
      performed. CF respiratory immunoglobulin levels were significantly elevated when
      compared with both normals and patients with chronic bronchitis (P less than
      0.05). Albumin and transferrin levels were decreased in the CF lung fluids. CF
      elastolytic activity was strikingly elevated (means = 6.02 micrograms/mg total
      protein) and the inhibitory profile suggested such activity resembled a serine
      proteinase. Alpha-1-antitrypsin antigenic levels were not altered in CF
      respiratory fluids. There was a tendency for the lavage IgG to fall as elastase
      levels rose (r = -0.29). IgG opsonins for two Pseudomonas immunotypes were
      isolated with affinity chromatography for functional and immunochemical studies.
      Bacterial phagocytic rates in the presence of these Pseudomonas-reactive IgG
      opsonins derived from CF lavage fluid were depressed (0.3% uptake/unit time) when
      compared with similarly titered positive controls (uptake = 1.3%/unit time, P
      less than 0.001). Additionally, normal pulmonary macrophage intracellular killing
      of Pseudomonas was severely altered in the presence of opsonins derived from CF
      respiratory fluids. At some time points, less than 30% of the bacteria were
      killed. CF IgG opsonins contain a cleavage fragment (100,000 D, 5S sedimentation
      coefficient) with antigenic determinants similar to the Fab portion of IgG. The
      presence of such a fragment was inversely correlated with phagocytic functional
      activity. Intact IgG comprised as little as 18% of the CF lavage fluid specimens.
      Aliquots of intact human IgG, when mixed with the CF opsonins, augmented
      Pseudomonas uptake and improved intracellular killing. Conversely, peptide
      fragments of IgG opsonins, which are proteolytically derived in vitro, duplicated
      in our system the defect observed with opsonins derived from CF lung fluids;
      bacterial uptake was inversely related to the concentration of F(ab')2 and to a
      greater degree, to Fc present in the opsonic mixture. We concluded that IgG
      respiratory opsonins are fragmented, inhibiting phagocytosis and serving a
      permissive role in the chronic Pseudomonas pulmonary infection in the disease CF.

PMID- 6429196
TI  - Effects of chronic fetal hyperglycemia upon oxygen consumption in the ovine
      uterus and conceptus.
AB  - Hyperglycemia has been shown to induce arterial hypoxemia in the chronically
      catheterized fetal sheep. To investigate the mechanism behind this glucose
      induced hypoxemia, eight pregnant ewes and their fetuses were studied. Fetal
      glucose infusion (11.9 +/- 0.6 mg glucose/kg per min) was associated with a
      doubling of the fetal plasma glucose concentration with concomitant elevation of
      the umbilical vein-distal arterial O2 content difference by 24 h of infusion (P
      less than 0.01). Calculated fetal O2 consumption increased from 8.1 +/- 0.4 ml/kg
      per min in the control period to a maximum value of 10.6 +/- 0.3 ml/kg per min by
      third infusion day (P less than 0.01), which is an increase of approximately 30%.
      The degree of stimulation of fetal O2 consumption was related to the degree of
      fetal hyperglycemia but not to the degree of fetal hyperinsulinemia. The increase
      in fetal O2 consumption was accompanied by a significant increase in fetal O2
      extraction with no change in either fetal O2 delivery or fetal blood O2 affinity.
      In addition, fetal hypercapnea with a mild fetal respiratory acidosis was induced
      by fetal hyperglycemia. The increase in fetal arterial PCO2 was linearly related
      (P less than 0.001) to the magnitude of increase in fetal O2 consumption. These
      studies suggest that chronic fetal hyperglycemia induces a state of accelerated
      fetal oxidative metabolism and may be important in explaining the etiology behind
      certain unusual findings in human infants of diabetic mothers.

PMID- 6429197
TI  - Role of endogenous opiates in the expression of negative feedback actions of
      androgen and estrogen on pulsatile properties of luteinizing hormone secretion in
      man.
AB  - We have tested the participation of endogenous opiate pathways in the negative
      feedback actions of gonadal steroids on pulsatile properties of luteinizing (LH)
      hormone release in normal men. To this end, sex steroid hormones were infused
      intravenously at dosages that under steady state conditions selectively
      suppressed either the frequency or the amplitude of the pulsatile LH signal. The
      properties of pulsatile LH secretion were assessed quantitatively by computerized
      analysis of LH series derived from serial blood sampling over 12 h of
      observation. When the pure (nonaromatizable) androgen, 5-alpha
      dihydrotestosterone, was infused continuously for 108 h at the blood production
      rate of testosterone, we were able to achieve selective inhibition of LH pulse
      frequency akin to that observed in experimental animals after low-dosage androgen
      replacement. Under these conditions, serum concentrations of testosterone and
      estradiol-17 beta did not change significantly, but serum 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone concentrations increased approximately two- to threefold,
      with a corresponding increase in levels of its major metabolite, 5 alpha
      androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. In separate experiments, the infusion of
      estradiol-17 beta at its blood production rate over a 4.5-d interval selectively
      suppressed LH pulse amplitude without influencing LH pulse frequency. Estrogen
      infusion increased serum estradiol-17 beta levels approximately twofold without
      significantly altering blood androgen concentrations. We then used these
      schedules of selective androgen or estrogen infusion to investigate the
      participation of endogenous opiates in the individual inhibitory feedback actions
      of pure androgen or estrogen on pulsatile LH release by administering a potent
      and specific opiate-receptor antagonist, naltrexone, during the infusions. Our
      observations indicate that, despite the continuous infusion of a dosage of 5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone that significantly suppresses LH pulse frequency, co
      administration of an opiate-receptor antagonist effectively reinstates LH pulse
      frequency to control levels. Moreover, during the infusion of a suppressive dose
      of estradiol-17 beta, opiate receptor blockade significantly augments LH pulse
      frequency and increases LH peak amplitude to control levels. Thus, the present
      studies in normal men demonstrate for the first time that the selective
      inhibitory action of a pure androgen on LH pulse frequency is effectively
      antagonized by opiate-receptor blockade. This pivotal observation indicates that
      opiatergic and androgen-dependent mechanisms specifically and coordinately
      control the hypothalamic pulse generator for gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      (GnRH)

PMID- 6429198
TI  - Plasma growth hormone responses to constant infusions of human pancreatic growth
      hormone releasing factor. Intermittent secretion or response attenuation.
AB  - Administration of human pancreatic tumor growth hormone (GH) releasing factor
      (hpGRF[1-40]) as a single injection to normal human subjects stimulates the
      secretion of GH in a dose-responsive manner. In the present studies, hpGRF(1-40)
      was infused in a graded stepwise manner over a 6-h period in order to determine
      whether the GH secretory response would be sustained. Normal adult males received
      four consecutive 90-min infusions of hpGRF(1-40) at doses of 1, 3.3, 10, and 33
      ng/kg per min, preceded and followed by a 90-min saline infusion; and the plasma
      GH responses were compared with those during a separate control infusion. Plasma
      GH levels were significantly elevated by each hpGRF(1-40) infusion; and dose
      responsiveness was evident for the lowest three doses. Mean integrated GH
      secretory rates for the four doses were 1.95, 3.29, 4.29, and 3.65 times those of
      the respective control study. Plasma GH responses exhibited considerable
      variability, frequently decreasing during the latter part of each infusion; and
      at the highest dose, they decreased continuously beginning shortly after the
      onset of infusion. Episodic GH secretion occurred in individual subjects during
      each of the infusion periods. The possible contribution of hypothalamic
      somatostatin secretion to the diminished GH responsiveness was evaluated by
      determining plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during the infusions
      and the TSH responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (500 micrograms i.v.)
      during a separate hpGRF(1-40) infusion of 2 ng/kg per min. Neither basal nor
      stimulated TSH levels differed between GRF-infused and control groups. The
      results indicate that GH secretion is dose responsive to hpGRF(1-40) infusions,
      though the response to hpGRF(1-40) infusions, though the response is complex. The
      absence of impaired TSH secretion provides evidence against a mediating role of
      somatostatin. The explanation for the loss of GH responsiveness remains
      undetermined but could include GRF-induced receptor down-regulation, a
      postreceptor effect, or, in spite of our negative results, a somatostatin
      mediated inhibition.

PMID- 6429199
TI  - Omphalocele: early prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound.

PMID- 6429200
TI  - Sonographic patterns of renal cell carcinoma with emphasis on relation to tumor
      size.
AB  - The sonographic appearance of 37 renal cell carcinomas was reviewed with
      particular emphasis on the relationship between the echo pattern of tumor and
      tumor size. Small carcinomas tended to be solid and hypoechoic; seven lesions
      less than 5 cm in the largest dimension were either hypo- or isoechoic . The
      echogenicity level of the solid parts within the lesion, whether it was solid or
      mixed, tended to increase as the tumor grew. It is important to recognize that
      the sonographic appearance of renal cell carcinomas varies with the size of the
      tumor.

PMID- 6429201
TI  - Investigating the efficacy of current quality assurance performance tests in
      diagnostic ultrasound.
AB  - The efficacy of four current quality assurance performance tests in diagnostic
      ultrasound was investigated. This was done by comparing the ability of the
      performance tests to detect fluctuations in gray scale, depth of penetration,
      axial resolution and lateral resolution on a real-time scanner with the ability
      of sonologists and sonographers to detect the same fluctuations. The performance
      tests for gray scale, depth of penetration, and axial resolution were found to be
      efficacious. The lateral resolution test was judged nonefficacious . This
      suggested a need to revise the protocol for the lateral resolution test with
      regard to real-time scanners.

PMID- 6429202
TI  - Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and complicating hydrocephalus.
AB  - Real-time ultrasound studies of the head were performed on 96 infants weighing
      1500 g or less. This population represented all such infants admitted within the
      first 72 hours of life to a neonatal intensive care unit over a 9-month period.
      Intracranial subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 22 (23%) of the
      infants. Of these 13 (59%) developed ventricular enlargement. Four other infants,
      in whom hemorrhage was not identified, also developed ventricular enlargement.
      When it occurred, the ventricular enlargement developed within 2 weeks of the
      hemorrhage in 77% of cases. It reached its maximum size within 2 weeks in 65% of
      cases. In 9 of 16 cases the maximal ventricular enlargement was categorized as
      mild. Spontaneous arrest or resolution of the ventriculomegaly occurred in all
      but two cases, who required shunting. Clot resolution was slow. It was complete
      at 3 weeks in only 5 of 18 cases.

PMID- 6429203
TI  - Variability in the time interval between tricuspid and mitral valve closure in
      Ebstein's anomaly.
AB  - The time interval between mitral and tricuspid valve closure was measured from M
      mode echocardiograms in patients with Ebstein's anomaly. It was found that this
      time interval demonstrated a range of values within each patient. The use of
      different transducer positions on the chest wall was found to be the predominant
      factor. There was no correlation between the measured time interval, its
      variability, and the moment of measurement during breathing. However, a period of
      breathholding significantly reduced the variability. This study indicates that a
      wide range of time intervals might be measured in a single patient. We conclude
      therefore, that this parameter should be used with great care in the diagnosis of
      Ebstein's anomaly.

PMID- 6429204
TI  - Gas-containing gallstones: their influence on ultrasound images.
AB  - The ultrasound image of gas-containing gallstones was evaluated in three cases.
      In two, the stones were studied in vitro in a phantom gallbladder by ultrasound,
      and then by microradiographic techniques. The third case was investigated in vivo
      by ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT). The presence of gas-containing
      fissures, which are not detectable on ultrasound, was demonstrated. In contrast,
      wider fissures, or a true gas bubble, produce reverberation echoes which depend
      upon the quantity of gas present within the gallstone.

PMID- 6429205
TI  - Sonography of occult cord prolapse.

PMID- 6429206
TI  - Sonographic appearance of calculi in renal calyceal diverticula.

PMID- 6429207
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of distal right coronary artery in
      Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 6429208
TI  - An unusual bowel pseudotumor.

PMID- 6429209
TI  - Ultrasonic demonstration of arteriovenous fistulas.

PMID- 6429210
TI  - Ovarian vein thrombophlebitis: diagnosis by ultrasound and CT.

PMID- 6429211
TI  - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of interstitial ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6429212
TI  - Ultrasound-assisted cervical cerclage.

PMID- 6429213
TI  - Imipramine-induced inappropriate ADH secretion.
AB  - This case demonstrates the occurrence of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion
      of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in association with the administration of several
      antidepressant medications. The SIADH was shown by rechallenge to be associated
      with imipramine, an antidepressant not previously associated with SIADH. In
      addition, SIADH appeared to occur with bupropion, a new antidepressant
      structurally dissimilar to tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 6429214
TI  - Histology of port-wine stain treated with carbon dioxide laser. A preliminary
      report.
AB  - The port-wine stain (PWS) has always been a difficult lesion to treat
      cosmetically. Laser surgery has proved to be a beneficial mode of therapy.
      Histology after argon laser surgery in successfully treated lesions is remarkable
      for blood vessels relatively free of erythrocytes. Our preliminary histologic
      findings in lesions successfully treated with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery
      revealed similar results, although the mechanisms may be different.

PMID- 6429215
TI  - Anti-squamous basal cell antibody activity in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6429216
TI  - Relationship between concentration of human salivary statherin and inhibition of
      calcium phosphate precipitation in stimulated human parotid saliva.
AB  - Human salivary secretions are supersaturated with respect to the calcium
      phosphate salts which form dental enamel, a property which provides important
      protection for the teeth. We previously proposed that statherin, a 43-residue
      phosphopeptide, plays a key role in this protective system by inhibiting or
      delaying potentially harmful precipitation of calcium phosphate salts in the
      salivary glands and mouth. The purpose of the present study was to determine if
      the concentrations of statherin in saliva, despite their wide normal range, are
      high enough to fulfill this function. Concentrations of statherin in stimulated
      human parotid saliva samples from 36 female and 32 male subjects, aged from 17 to
      30 years, were determined by a single radial immunodiffusion method. Values found
      ranged from 3.0 to greater than 27.3 microM, with a mean value of 12.8 (S.D. +/-
      5.46) microM. At concentrations below these values, statherin inhibited
      spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate salts from an assay system which
      was more supersaturated with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and
      comparably supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, than were human saliva
      samples. The inhibitory activities of five of the 65 stimulated parotid saliva
      samples assayed were greater than would be anticipated from their statherin
      concentrations. This unexplained discrepancy is not associated with the presence
      of the acidic proline-rich proteins in saliva, although these proteins also
      affect calcium phosphate precipitation. The results of this study show that
      statherin is present in stimulated human parotid saliva at concentrations and
      levels of activity which are consistent with its proposed biological function,
      and support the proposal that statherin plays a significant role in a system
      which provides a protective and reparative but stable environment for the teeth.

PMID- 6429217
TI  - Scalp reduction surgery with the carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - When used in the focused cutting mode, the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser can permit
      virtually bloodless scalp reduction surgery as a function of its remarkable
      hemostatic properties. This instrument speeds the operating time and allows the
      surgeon to close the wound with confidence that postoperative bleeding is
      unlikely to compromise the results. The additional potential benefits of
      decreased swelling and pain due to sealing of lymphatics and nerve endings are
      more difficult to quantify. It appears that the CO2 laser offers many benefits in
      scalp reduction surgery and is a useful modification of the standard technique.

PMID- 6429218
TI  - Collagen polymorphism: type V collagen in neurofibroma.

PMID- 6429219
TI  - De-(hypo)pigmentation mechanisms of the affected area of Pityriasis versicolor.

PMID- 6429220
TI  - A case of Stewart-Treves syndrome. An immunohistochemical and electron
      microscopic study.

PMID- 6429221
TI  - The haemodynamic responses to incremental doses of intravenous nitroglycerin in
      left ventricular failure.
AB  - The effects of incremental dose infusions of nitroglycerin, 10-160
      micrograms/min, on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and other haemodynamic
      variables have been studied in patients with left ventricular failure.
      Intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin caused a dose-related improvement in myocardial
      performance, with significant reductions in the raised pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure and systemic vascular resistance. At the lowest dose of infusion only
      the venodilator action of nitroglycerin was apparent. From 40-160 micrograms/min
      the associated arteriolar dilatation was associated with a consistent improvement
      in myocardial performance.

PMID- 6429222
TI  - A nomogram for rapid calculation of metabolic requirements on intubated patients.
AB  - There is a need for estimating the calorific requirements of patients undergoing
      or about to undergo total parenteral nutrition (TPN) other than by complicated
      direct calorimetry or by guesswork. We describe a simple, cheap, indirect
      calorimetric method for determining energy requirements from the measurement of
      mixed expired carbon dioxide tension (PECO2) in patients who are intubated, and
      in whom the breathing circuit characteristics allow collection of pure expired
      gas. This can be achieved by collection of expired gas from ventilators where an
      on-demand fresh gas flow rather than a continuous flow occurs during spontaneous
      or intermittent positive pressure ventilation, such as with the Siemens Servo
      900C.

PMID- 6429223
TI  - Characteristics of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension monitors in normal
      adults and critically ill patients.
AB  - The performance of three electrodes used for transcutaneous carbon dioxide
      (tcPCO2) monitoring is compared in 15 healthy volunteers and 26 critically ill
      adults. All three electrodes showed good correlation between tcPCO2 and arterial
      blood PCO2 (PaCO2) with a correlation coefficient (r) greater than 0.86. There
      was little difference in the performance characteristics of the three monitors.
      They may be usefully employed to estimate PaCO2 values when used with a modified
      calibration recommended by the manufacturers.

PMID- 6429225
TI  - A critical appraisal of the Bayesian approach to diagnose coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 6429224
TI  - Bayesian comparison of cost-effectiveness of different clinical approaches to
      diagnose coronary artery disease.
AB  - The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of four
      clinical policies (policies I to IV) in the diagnosis of the presence or absence
      of coronary artery disease. A model based on Bayes' theorem and published
      clinical data was constructed to make these comparisons. Effectiveness was
      defined as either the number of patients with coronary disease diagnosed or as
      the number of quality-adjusted life years extended by therapy after the diagnosis
      of coronary disease. The following conclusions arise strictly from analysis of
      the model and may not necessarily be applicable to all situations. As prevalence
      of coronary disease in the population increased, it caused a linear increase in
      cost per patient tested, but a hyperbolic decrease in cost per effect, that is,
      increased cost-effectiveness. Thus, cost-effectiveness of all policies (I to IV)
      was poor in populations with a prevalence of disease below 10%, for example,
      asymptomatic people with no risk factors. Analysis of the model also indicates
      that at prevalences less than 80%, exercise thallium scintigraphy alone as a
      first test (policy II) is a more cost-effective initial test than is exercise
      electrocardiography alone as a first test (policy I) or exercise
      electrocardiography first combined with thallium imaging as a second test (policy
      IV). Exercise electrocardiography before thallium imaging (policy IV) is more
      cost-effective than exercise electrocardiography alone (policy I) at prevalences
      less than 80%. 4) Noninvasive exercise testing before angiography (policies I, II
      and IV) is more cost-effective than using coronary angiography as the first and
      only test (policy III) at prevalences less than 80%. 5) Above a threshold value
      of prevalence of 80% (for example patients with typical angina), proceeding to
      angiography as the first test (policy III) was more cost-effective than initial
      noninvasive exercise tests (policies I, II and IV). One advantage of this
      quantitative model is that it estimates a threshold value of prevalence (80%) at
      which the rank order of policies changes. The model also allows substitution of
      different values for any variable as a way of accounting for the uncertainty
      inherent in the data. In conclusion, it is essential to consider the prevalence
      of disease when selecting the most cost-effective clinical approach to making a
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6429226
TI  - Intracoronary thrombolysis with an acylated streptokinase-plasminogen activator
      (BRL 26921) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The fibrinolytic efficacy and systemic effects on coagulation variables of
      intracoronary administration of an acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex
      (BRL 26921) were assessed in 23 patients with an acute transmural myocardial
      infarction. The infarct vessel was totally occluded in 22 patients and subtotally
      stenosed in 1 patient. Reperfusion was achieved in a total of 17 patients (74%),
      in 2 patients with the use of a guide wire. Reperfusion time in those patients
      treated with BRL 26921 alone amounted to 42 +/- 37 minutes. Reocclusion occurred
      in two patients subsequently. Four patients died; in two of these, intracoronary
      thrombolysis was unsuccessful. Reptilase time increased from 13 +/- 3 to 49 +/-
      31 seconds (p less than 0.001), fibrinogen levels decreased from 280 +/- 65 to
      126 +/- 76 mg% (p less than 0.001). Factor V decreased from 96 +/- 11 to 53 +/-
      26% (p less than 0.001), and factor VIII from 99 +/- 1 to 55 +/- 36% (p less than
      0.001). Peripheral hyperplasminemia, defined as a reduction of fibrinogen (less
      than 100 mg%) with a reduction of factor V and VIII (less than 75%)
      simultaneously occurred in eight patients. Six (75%) of these 8 patients
      demonstrated reperfusion, whereas 9 (64%) of 14 patients without peripheral
      hyperplasminemia were also successfully reperfused. Bleeding complications
      occurred in two patients who demonstrated hyperplasminemia. Thus, effective
      intracoronary thrombolysis could be achieved with only minor effects on
      peripheral coagulation variables in the majority of patients.

PMID- 6429227
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 6429228
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in asthma--"something old, something new . . .".

PMID- 6429229
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in asthma: the effect of disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn)
      on leukocyte counts, immunoglobulins, and complement.
AB  - In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we measured the effect of disodium
      cromoglycate (DSCG) on leukocyte counts, total IgE, IgG, IgA, IgM, house dust
      mite-specific IgE, C3, and C4 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and
      peripheral blood in 36 atopic, perennial asthmatic subjects (DSCG 19; placebo
      17). Differential cell counts on bronchial mucus were also performed. The
      percentage of eosinophils in bronchial mucus and BAL fluid was significantly less
      after DSCG. There was also a significant decrease in the concentration of total
      IgA (expressed as an IgA/albumin ratio) in BAL fluid after a 28-day treatment
      with DSCG. When the DSCG-treated patients were divided into responders and
      nonresponders on the basis of average daily symptom scores, the responders had
      significantly less bronchial mucus eosinophils, BAL eosinophils, and house dust
      mite-specific IgE (but not IgA) after DSCG. No significant differences in any of
      the measurements were observed in the nonresponders or the placebo group
      similarly subdivided on the basis of symptom scores. These results suggest that
      the efficacy of DSCG in bronchial asthma might be related to its ability to
      suppress the local accumulation of eosinophils and specific-IgE antibodies.

PMID- 6429230
TI  - Serum IgE as an important aid in management of allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis.
AB  - Differentiating patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) from
      patients with asthma who have immediate skin reactivity to Aspergillus fumigatus
      may be difficult when the characteristic clinical and laboratory findings of ABPA
      are absent. This article describes the response of ABPA patients to
      corticosteroid therapy. After treatment of the acute stage of the disease with
      corticosteroid therapy, all ABPA patients had greater than or equal to 35%
      reduction of the total serum IgE within 2 mo. In 30 exacerbations of ABPA in 15
      patients, there was greater than or equal to 35% reduction total serum IgE, in 24
      exacerbations within 2 mo. Of the six exacerbations with less than 35% reduction
      of total serum IgE, noncompliance to medical therapy was clearly documented in
      three exacerbations. In one exacerbation with a slowly resolving pulmonary
      infiltrate, 6 mo of corticosteroid therapy was required before the total IgE
      decreased 35%. The total serum IgE and its response to corticosteroid therapy is
      a sensitive marker in ABPA and can be considered an important aid in management
      of ABPA. Failure to achieve greater than 35% reduction of total serum IgE by 2 mo
      with the administration of corticosteroid therapy in patients highly suspected of
      ABPA should make one either question the diagnosis of ABPA or consider
      noncompliance of the patient to medical management with corticosteroids.

PMID- 6429231
TI  - Research on compliance with diabetic regimens: applications to practice.
AB  - Compliance with dietary regimens has long been documented as poor. This is of
      particular interest in diabetic regimens because of the life-long commitment to
      dietary change necessary to control the disease. The factors and models affecting
      compliant and non-compliant behavior are discussed. Suggestions are made for the
      dietitian or health educator on how to improve compliance with diabetic or other
      dietary regimens.

PMID- 6429232
TI  - ADA takes proactive stance, testifies on Older Americans Act reauthorization.

PMID- 6429233
TI  - The influence of chemical form of zinc on the effects of toxic intraruminal doses
      of zinc to sheep.
AB  - The EDTA, sulphate and oxide compounds of zinc were administered to sheep as a
      single intraruminal dose (480, 240 or 120 mg Zn per kg body weight) or as thrice
      weekly doses (240 mg Zn per kg body weight per dose) for 4 weeks. In the single
      dose experiment, serum zinc concentrations rose most rapidly, were highest and
      fell most rapidly in those animals receiving zinc EDTA. In the sheep receiving
      the sulphate, serum zinc concentrations were high and stayed high for 2 or 3
      days. Zinc oxide caused slight, but prolonged, elevation of serum zinc. High
      concentrations of zinc were present in urine after administration of zinc EDTA.
      In the multiple-dose experiments, the sheep dosed with zinc sulphate showed
      progressively higher elevations of serum zinc (first dose, 5-10 micrograms Zn ml
      1; day 13, 30-60 micrograms Zn ml-1) and six of the seven sheep so dosed died
      before the final dose. At post mortem examination, many of these had lesions of
      the upper gastrointestinal tract and showed evidence of haemolytic crises. Sheep
      dosed with zinc oxide also had progressively higher peak serum zinc
      concentrations. In contrast, the peak serum concentrations for the zinc EDTA
      dosed sheep declined as the experiment progressed. No deaths occurred in the
      sheep dosed with zinc oxide or EDTA. Major pancreatic injury occurred in sheep
      dosed with the sulphate or oxide, but was only mild in the sheep dosed with the
      zinc EDTA. Diarrhoea was mild and transitory in the EDTA-dosed sheep, but more
      severe and persistent in those dosed with the sulphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6429234
TI  - A triligamentous reconstruction for lateral ankle instability.
AB  - In this paper the authors discuss chronic ankle instability and describe a
      modified surgical procedure that is easily performed and offers good results. The
      method attempts to restore stability and normal function to the lateral ankle.

PMID- 6429235
TI  - Sequential changes in antibody response of Mastomys natalensis during the course
      of Litomosoides carinii infection.

PMID- 6429236
TI  - Characterization of glycoconjugates of human gastrointestinal mucosa by lectins.
      II. Lectin binding to the isolated glycoproteins of normal and malignant gastric
      mucosa.
AB  - Using affinity chromatography on HPA-, PNA-, Con A, and WGA-agarose columns only
      a part (10-30%) of the high molecular weight mucous glycoproteins could be
      isolated from the Triton X-100 solubilized components of normal as well as
      carcinomatous gastric mucosa. The main part of the mucus was not bound by the
      lectins, which corresponds to our earlier lectin histochemical observations on
      paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The lectin-bound mucous glycoproteins had a
      relatively lower molecular weight, ranging from about 250-1,000 kilodaltons, as
      indicated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on
      Biogel A 1.5 m column. In gas chromatographic analysis the molar ratio of
      aminohexoses to galactose was found to be much higher (3:1) in the lectin-bound
      mucous substances than in the whole high molecular weight mucus (1:1). This
      finding indicates that lectins have a higher affinity to the hexosamine rich
      components of mucus, which may be special forms of mucous glycoprotein molecules
      or the incompletely glycosylated core and backbone regions of the oligosaccharide
      chains of mucus. Extremely high hexosamine values (10:1) were found in the PNA
      isolated mucus of gastric adenocarcinoma. Since it is known that PNA binds to the
      terminal disaccharide, beta-galactose-(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine, which is
      localized at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide chains of mucus, it is
      highly probable that the elongation of the oligosaccharide side chains is
      disturbed in gastric cancer cells.

PMID- 6429237
TI  - Detection of purine nucleoside phosphorylase in paraffin sections by the
      immunoperoxidase method.
AB  - A method is described for immunohistochemical demonstration of purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (PNP: EC 2.4.2.1) in paraffin sections from routine surgical
      histology specimens. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method was employed, using
      specific rabbit antiserum against human PNP, which was purified from postmature
      human erythrocytes. In human lymph nodes, intensive staining for PNP was observed
      in the vast majority of small lymphocytes in paracortical areas, in many small
      lymphocytes in medullary cords, and in a few small-to medium-sized lymphocytes in
      germinal centers. Small lymphocytes in the primary follicles and those in the
      mantle zones of secondary follicles were negative for PNP staining. Tingible body
      macrophages, lymphatic sinus cells, and most of the large cells in germinal
      centers did not stain with anti-human PNP (hPNP) antibody. Endothelial cells of
      small vessels in the cortex and plasma cells did not show any constant pattern of
      PNP staining intensity. Histochemistry revealed that the distribution pattern of
      PNP activity was quite similar to that demonstrated on paraffin sections by the
      PAP method.

PMID- 6429238
TI  - An extended model for transfer of micro-organisms via the hands: differences
      between organisms and the effect of alcohol disinfection.
AB  - A model for contact transfer of micro-organisms by hand has been extended to
      include representatives of bacterial species responsible for a majority of
      hospital-acquired infections. The ability of the organisms to transfer from
      contaminated fabrics to hands and from hands to sterile fabrics was measured, as
      was their ability to survive on the skin of the hands. There were differences
      between the species. Staphylococcus saprophyticus transferred well to the hand
      but not as well from hand to fabric as the other species; it survived well on
      skin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aerogenes and Serratia marcescens
      transferred moderately well overall and also survived on the skin. These results
      were in contrast to those obtained with a strain of Escherichia coli and one of
      Streptococcus pyogenes. The contact transfer model was used to investigate the
      use of small volumes of alcohol in preventing transfer via the hands. An alcohol
      handrub of either 0.3 ml 80% ethanol or 0.3 ml 70% isopropanol gave reductions in
      transfer slightly less than that of a soap and water wash. Raising the volume,
      and consequently the contact time, to 0.5 ml 70% isopropanol gave a 14000-fold
      reduction in transfer, statistically indistinguishable from that of a thorough
      soap and water wash (9800-fold reduction).

PMID- 6429239
TI  - The use of the microagglutination technique to determine the antibody status of
      healthy New Zealanders to Brucella abortus.
AB  - Sera from healthy blood donors from different parts of New Zealand, collected
      between 1977 and 1980, were analysed by the microagglutination technique for
      antibodies against Brucella abortus. Populations from both urban and rural areas
      were studied. The technique was shown to be capable of handling the 3351 sera
      studied and thus to be a useful screening test to assess the immune status of
      large populations. The results demonstrated some of the effects on the human
      population of the successful bovine brucellosis eradication programme.

PMID- 6429240
TI  - Plasmodium berghei sporozoites are mitogenic for murine T cells, induce
      interferon, and activate natural killer cells.
AB  - Enhanced natural killer (NK) activity was detected in the spleens of mice as
      early as 24 hr after single i.v. inoculation with gamma-irradiated Plasmodium
      berghei sporozoites. The activity peaked at 48 hr post-injection, and declined
      below baseline level by day 8. Reinoculation of mice with irradiated sporozoites
      produced an increased NK activity significantly smaller than the original
      activity. Spleen cells sensitized in vivo as well as nonsensitized spleen cells
      stimulated in vitro with sporozoites produced high levels of interferon (IFN) and
      displayed enhanced NK activity. Characterization of the IFN through the use of
      specific antibodies revealed that it was mainly IFN-gamma. The cellular basis for
      IFN-gamma induction was linked to the mitogenicity of P. berghei sporozoites for
      T cells. The possibility exists that IFN-gamma may have a regulatory effect on
      antibody production against P. berghei sporozoites.

PMID- 6429241
TI  - An immunofluorescence analysis of the ontogeny of myeloid, T, and B lineage cells
      in mouse hemopoietic tissues.
AB  - The population dynamics of granulopoietic cells, B-lineage cells, and T
      lymphocytes were analyzed by immunofluorescence in mouse hemopoietic tissues as a
      function of age. Mac-1+ myeloid cells were present on day 11 of gestation in the
      liver, where they peaked shortly after birth and declined subsequently. Waves of
      myeloid population growth began in spleen and bone marrow by days 15 and 19,
      respectively. Mac-1+ cells increased in number to relatively low plateau levels
      in spleen by the 3rd wk after birth, whereas in the bone marrow higher plateau
      levels were reached around 3 mo of age. The 14.8 monoclonal antibody was utilized
      as one marker of B-lineage precursor cells. 14.8+ cells were detected in the
      liver on day 11 of gestation, reached peak numbers during the first week after
      birth and decreased thereafter. On day 15 and 19, 14.8+ cells were found in
      spleen and bone marrow, respectively, and progressively increased in numbers to
      reach plateau levels in both sites by 3 mo of age. Mu+ pre-B cells appeared in
      significant numbers in the 13-day fetal liver, reached a peak shortly after
      birth, and disappeared from the liver by the end of the second postnatal week.
      Pre-B cells were found in the spleen and bone marrow on days 15 and 19,
      respectively. In the spleen pre-B cells reached peak values at birth and
      disappeared 2 wk later. In spite of the sequential appearance of mu+ pre-B cells
      in fetal liver, spleen, and bone marrow, their sIgM+ B cell progeny appeared in
      all these hemopoietic tissues on day 17 of gestation. In the liver, sIgM+ B cells
      reached their peak at birth and declined thereafter. In the spleen and bone
      marrow, B cells increased to plateau levels between 1 and 4 mo of age. Thy-1.2+ T
      cells were relatively late acquisitions in all three hemopoietic tissues.
      Finally, the expression of the 14.8 antigen by mu+ cells was examined as a
      function of gestational age. While pre-B cells from day-13 fetuses had no
      detectable 14.8 antigen, the antigen was weakly expressed on the vast majority of
      the mu+ pre-B cells by day 17 of gestation. Newborn liver cells expressing 14.8
      antigen were found to include a small proportion of cells with peroxidase+
      granules. Thus, demonstration of rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin
      genes may be required for precise identification of cells of B lineage early in
      ontogeny.

PMID- 6429242
TI  - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing three
      distinct differentiation antigens (BL1, BL2, BL3) on human B lymphocytes.
AB  - We report in this paper the generation and characterization of three monoclonal
      antibodies, designated alpha BL1, alpha BL2, and alpha BL3, that recognize
      distinctive antigens unrelated to complement, Fc, and mouse erythrocyte rosette
      receptors, which are preferentially expressed on B lymphocytes. alpha BL1
      recognizes a heat stable nonimmunoprecipitable antigen, possibly glycolipid in
      nature. Alpha BL2 recognizes a nonreducible single polypeptide with a m.w. of
      68,000 that occasionally co-precipitates with a p29,34 complex of HLA-DR
      antigens. Alpha BL3 recognizes a nonreducible single polypeptide with a m.w. of
      105,000 with an acidic pI point. We demonstrated that BL1 is expressed on fetal
      liver hematopoietic cells, a small subset (5 to 15%) of Ficoll-Hypaque-separated
      normal bone marrow cells, and on a subpopulation of nonadherent, non-E rosette
      forming cells and granulocytes. BL2 is expressed on fetal liver hematopoietic
      cells, on 3 to 7% of normal bone marrow cells, and on a majority (40 to 70%) of
      nonadherent, non-E rosette-forming cells with a distinctive pattern similar to
      that of HLA-DR. BL3 is expressed on a subpopulation of nonadherent, non-E rosette
      forming cells, and on occasional cells in the monocyte-enriched adherent cell
      population. The peak fluorescence for BL2 is substantially higher than that of
      BL1 and BL3, indicating higher BL2 antigen density. All three antigens are absent
      from thymocytes and E rosette-positive T cell fractions obtained from various
      lymphoid tissues. Cellular distribution of the BL antigens on various well
      characterized established hematopoietic cell lines, leukemias, and malignant
      lymphomas, in conjunction with the results of the in vitro activation and TPA
      induction experiments, suggest that BL1 is expressed during early developmental
      stages of B cell differentiation, whereas BL3 is expressed at the later stages.
      BL2 expression spans immature and mature stages of B cell differentiation, with
      the exception of mature plasma cells. The alpha BL antibodies described here
      should prove to be useful in the investigation of B cell differentiation and in
      the clinical diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms.

PMID- 6429243
TI  - Regulation of natural killer cell activity by macrophages in the rheumatoid joint
      and peripheral blood.
AB  - Recently, in another study, we observed that indomethacin, a prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitor, significantly increased NK activity in both normal and
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) peripheral blood (PB) but not in RA synovial fluid
      (SF). Because macrophages are a major source of prostaglandins, we examined the
      effect of macrophage-enriched adherent cells (AC) on NK activity as measured by a
      3-hr Cr-release assay with K 562 cells. The removal of AC resulted in increased
      (p less than 0.01) NK activity in both normal and RA PB. In contrast, the removal
      of AC from RA SF resulted in a significant decrease (p less than 0.001) of NK
      activity. By using only nonadherent cells (NAC), NK activity in RA SF and
      synovial tissue (ST) was significantly reduced when compared to autologous RA PB
      (p less than 0.001). Enhancement of NK activity of SF NAC by both poly I:C and IL
      2 was not dependent on AC. Mixing experiments demonstrated that the addition of
      synovial AC for 16 hr increased NK activity of synovial NAC to a level similar to
      that of unseparated mononuclear cells, whereas autologous PB AC suppressed NK
      activity of PB NAC. PB AC, when added to SF NAC, also increased NK activity.
      Supernatants from synovial mononuclear cells were stimulatory of synovial NAC NK
      activity, whereas normal PB mononuclear supernatants were suppressive. These
      observations document 1) a significant reduction of NAC-mediated NK activity in
      the rheumatoid joint as compared to PB from the same patient, and 2) that AC
      modulate NK activity differently in the rheumatoid joint as compared to RA or
      normal PB.

PMID- 6429244
TI  - Enhanced production of human gamma-interferon in nylon column-fractionated cell
      cultures.
AB  - The production of human gamma-interferon (HuIFN-gamma) in unfractionated and
      nylon wool column-fractionated leukocyte cell cultures stimulated with PMA and
      PHA was investigated. Production was studied with normal and reduced autologous
      serum protein levels in 96-hr spinner cultures. A 10- to 15-fold enhancement of
      production and a 50-fold increase in specific activity of crude HuIFN-gamma was
      demonstrated in nylon column-fractionated/reduced serum cell cultures. Kinetic
      analysis revealed a production rate maximum within 6 hr of induction in
      unprocessed cell cultures, whereas production occurred at an essentially constant
      rate for 48 hr in fractionated cell cultures.

PMID- 6429245
TI  - Structural analysis of an HLA-B7 antigen variant detected by cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - It has been demonstrated previously that lymphocytes of donor CF (HLA-A29,w33;
      B7,14) are not recognized by the HLA-B7-specific CTL clone HG-31. This report
      presents a structural comparison of the HLA-B7 antigen of donor CF with a
      "normal" HLA-B7 antigen, derived from the cell line JY. Isoelectric focusing
      showed that CF HLA-B7 heavy chains were more acidic than JY HLA-B7 heavy chains
      by the equivalent of a single charge. High pressure liquid chromatography and ion
      exchange chromatography comparisons of double-labeled tryptic peptides revealed a
      single detectable difference, which corresponded to the tryptic peptide spanning
      residues 112 to 121 on the HLA-B7 heavy chain. Although the complete amino acid
      sequence of this peptide was not obtained, the partial sequence indicates a
      substitution of an unidentified amino acid for tyrosine at position 116 of the
      heavy chain. This residue is found to vary among HLA specificities and to be
      altered in many H-2Kb mutants.

PMID- 6429246
TI  - In vitro T cell-mediated killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Evidence that a
      lymphokine mediates killing.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated in vivo that T cells can provide protective
      immunity, in the absence of antibody, against infection with the extracellular
      Gram-negative bacterium Immunotype 1 (IT-1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We
      established an in vitro system in which immune T cells, after reexposure to
      bacterial antigens and to macrophages, secrete a product that kills the bacteria.
      Although macrophages are required for in vitro killing, they function neither as
      antigen-presenting nor as phagocytic cells in this system. T cells from animals
      immunized against a different P. aeruginosa immunotype will not kill IT-1
      organisms; but the supernatants produced by IT-1 immune T cells after exposure to
      macrophages and IT-1 P. aeruginosa organisms are nonspecifically effective in
      killing unrelated bacteria. Because the supernatants from immune T cells lose
      their bactericidal properties upon minimal dilution, we conclude that if this
      mechanism is active in vivo, it must play a role in local immunity.

PMID- 6429247
TI  - Reactivity of sera from patients with liver disease with glutaraldehyde-treated
      erythrocytes: role for false positive results in hemagglutination tests.
AB  - The use of glutaraldehyde as a coupling reagent in the passive hemagglutination
      test (HA) has gained wide application, especially for the coating of red blood
      cells (RBC) with glutaraldehyde-polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA), for
      studies of the albumin receptor on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or for the
      detection of anti-albumin antibodies (AAA). Here we report a previously
      unrecognized reactivity with glutaraldehyde-treated RBC mainly with sera from
      patients with liver disease. The highest incidences of this reaction were found
      in patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B, namely 44 of 50 (88%) and 31 of
      50 (62%) respectively. In 234 HBsAg carriers the frequency was low (3%). This
      reactivity was also observed in 19 of 50 sera from patients with chronic liver
      disease documented by biopsy, but not in sera from 68 healthy subjects. By
      immunofluorescence on glutaraldehyde-treated RBC it was shown that the
      corresponding antibodies belonged mainly to the IgM class. In all HBsAg-negative
      patients studied the HA titer against glutaraldehyde-treated RBC was in agreement
      with the titer against RBC coated with pHSA or pBSA (polymerized bovine serum
      albumin). Absorption with pHSA abolished the reaction with glutaraldehyde-treated
      RBC in 7 of 8 sera, suggesting a common reactivity between glutaraldehyde
      polymerized HSA and glutaraldehyde-treated RBC. Apart from the possible clinical
      importance of these antibodies, their existence is a possible source of false
      positive results when glutaraldehyde is used as a coupling reagent for
      immunological assays, in particular with sera from patients with liver diseases.

PMID- 6429248
TI  - For how long are patients being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis infectious?

PMID- 6429249
TI  - C-reactive protein response induced by fungal infections.
AB  - Serial determinations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed by single radial
      immunodiffusion in four groups of patients with fungal disease in order to
      determine its use as an aid to diagnosis. Elevated values (17-284 mg/l) of CRP
      were seen in 13 patients with fungal septicaemia before and/or within a few days
      after the first positive blood culture. C-reactive protein was not elevated in
      two patients with transient fungaemia. In 76 per cent (25/33) of deep-seated
      fungal infections in patients with malignant disorders of the blood CRP increased
      to 104-380 mg/l. In the remainder values of 36-92 mg/l were seen. In 37 per cent
      (19/51) of episodes of acute uncomplicated fungal stomatitis in patients with
      malignant disorders of the blood CRP rose to 110-320 mg/l. C-reactive protein was
      not found to be raised from the normal value (less than or equal to 6 mg/l) in 6
      per cent of the episodes; in the rest, values below 100 mg/l were seen. CRP in 23
      patients with acute fungal stomatitis but who were not immunocompromised remained
      normal. Thus, with regard to its ability to induce high (greater than 100 mg/l)
      CRP values, deep-seated fungal disease would seem to resemble bacterial rather
      than viral infection.

PMID- 6429250
TI  - Comparison of anti-alpha-haemolysin and teichoic acid antibody tests in patients
      with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis or bacteraemia.
AB  - To assess the value of serological tests in differentiating endocarditis and
      complicated bacteraemia due to Staphylococcus aureus from uncomplicated S. aureus
      bacteraemia and from nonstaphylococcal endocarditis we measured teichoic acid
      antibodies (TAA) (by means of a gel diffusion method) and antibodies to alpha
      haemolysin (ASta) in the serum of 22 patients with S. aureus endocarditis, 42
      patients with complicated S. aureus bacteraemia, 21 patients with uncomplicated
      S. aureus bacteraemia, 27 patients with other than S. aureus endocarditis, 17
      patients with culture-negative endocarditis and 337 non-infected control
      patients. TAA and ASta titres were found significantly more often in
      staphylococcal endocarditis than in non-staphylococcal endocarditis, 59 per cent
      versus 4 per cent for the TAA test and 32 per cent versus 0 per cent for the ASta
      assay. The combined use of the two tests proved best for differentiating the two
      groups of endocarditis from each other, 72 per cent versus 4 per cent
      respectively. In the culture-negative endocarditis group there were two
      serologically positive patients whose anti-staphylococcal antibiotic therapy
      based on the serological findings was successful, supporting the clinical
      usefulness of staphylococcal serological tests in endocarditis of unknown
      bacterial aetiology. The serological tests were not useful, however, in
      differentiating S. aureus endocarditis from complicated or uncomplicated
      bacteraemia due to S. aureus without endocarditis.

PMID- 6429251
TI  - Characterization of melanogenesis in mouse and guinea pig hair by chemical
      analysis of melanins and of free and bound dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa.
AB  - This study examined how various genotypes of coat color in mice and guinea pigs
      are related to the type and content of melanin and to the levels of free and
      protein-bound dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa in hair. In analysis of black, yellow,
      and white areas of tortoiseshell guinea pigs, the melanogenesis type was in
      parallel to the type and content of melanin and was correlated fairly well with
      the levels of melanin precursors. In mouse hair, substitution of the brown allele
      (bb) for black (BB) reduced the eumelanin content to 1/2 to 1/3, while it
      significantly increased the dopa level. The dilution (dd) gene of mice reduced
      the eumelanin content only slightly, while the gene for pink-eyed dilution (pp)
      reduced the content of eumelanin and the level of dopa to as much as 1/10. From
      the eumelanin/pheomelanin ratio, the melanin of brown and dilute brown mice was
      found to be eumelanic, while the melanin of pink-eyed dilution mice appeared to
      be a mixed type because of an extremely low content of eumelanin. The levels of
      bound dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa in hair were found to largely reflect the
      tyrosinase activity.

PMID- 6429252
TI  - Adherence of Candida species to human epidermal corneocytes and buccal mucosal
      cells: correlation with cutaneous pathogenicity.
AB  - Adherence of microorganisms to epidermal corneocytes may be a prerequisite for
      cutaneous colonization and infection. Six species of Candida were assayed in
      vitro for adherence to human epidermal corneocytes and buccal mucosal cells, and
      compared to previous studies of pathogenicity in a rodent model of cutaneous
      candidiasis. C. albicans and C. stellatoidea exhibited marked adherence to both
      epithelial cell types over time, and were cutaneous pathogens in the rodent
      model. The remaining species showed little or no adherence, and were
      nonpathogenic to skin. Adherence to corneocytes was not inhibited by
      ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, mannan polysaccharide, or concanavalin A
      lectin. Fresh human serum, but not heat-inactivated serum, inhibited C. albicans
      adherence by 50%, and was associated with the deposition of complement
      components, C3 and factor B on blastospores. Adherence to epithelial corneocytes
      and mucosal cells is a property of pathogenic species of Candida, and may
      participate in cutaneous colonization and infection mechanisms. Adherence was
      time-dependent, and did not require divalent cations. Cell wall mannan may
      participate in the "adhesin" complex. Mannan activation of serum complement and
      deposition of C3 and factor B on blastospores may provide a protective action by
      inhibiting Candida adherence to corneocytes.

PMID- 6429253
TI  - Serological evidence of group Y Neisseria meningitidis infections prior to
      isolation and identification of the organism.

PMID- 6429254
TI  - Synergistic effect of bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, anaerobic cocci,
      and aerobic bacteria on mortality and induction of subcutaneous abscesses in
      mice.
AB  - The potential for synergy between aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria
      was studied by subcutaneous inoculation of mixtures of these organisms into mice
      and observation of subsequent mortality and abscess formation. The anaerobic
      bacteria tested included 12 strains of gram-positive cocci and two strains each
      of Bacteroides species, Clostridium species, and Fusobacterium species. The
      facultative and aerobic bacteria included one strain each of Staphylococcus
      aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and
      Proteus mirabilis. Mortality increased significantly when each aerobic organism
      was inoculated along with either of the Bacteroides species. A similar increase
      occurred when the anaerobic gram-positive cocci were inoculated along with P.
      aeruginosa (four of six combinations) or S. aureus (four of six). The rate of
      abscess induction increased significantly when 10 of the 12 strains of anaerobic
      gram-positive cocci were injected along with B. fragilis and when nine of these
      strains were inoculated along with Bacteroides asaccharolyticus . The results
      demonstrate synergistic potential between Bacteroides species and all aerobic
      bacteria tested, between Bacteroides species and most anaerobic gram-positive
      cocci, and between most anaerobic gram-positive cocci and P. aeruginosa or S.
      aureus.

PMID- 6429255
TI  - Single versus combination antibiotic therapy for pneumonia due to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in neutropenic guinea pigs.
AB  - Studies of therapy for experimental pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa have
      failed to document beta-lactam-aminoglycoside synergy for most antibiotics
      examined, in contrast to results usually observed with pseudomonas infections at
      other sites. The neutropenic guinea-pig model of pseudomonas pneumonia was
      modified to resemble more closely therapy for clinical infections. Animals were
      treated 16 hr after infection with ticarcillin, azlocillin, ceftazidime,
      tobramycin, and netilmicin, alone and in combination. As predicted by in vitro
      synergy testing, in all cases combination drug therapy was more effective than
      the corresponding drugs given alone (P less than .05), as assessed by
      quantitative lung culture. Among single-drug regimens, those in which peak
      antibiotic levels did not exceed the minimal bactericidal concentration for the
      organism were significantly less effective. Resistance to aminoglycosides did not
      develop during therapy, and therefore, in this study does not explain the
      mechanism of synergy observed with beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6429256
TI  - The establishment of a human myeloma cell line elaborating lambda-light chain
      protein.
AB  - A human myeloma cell line (KMM-56) producing lambda-light chain protein was
      established in vitro by cultivation of the cells in the pleural effusion obtained
      from a patient with IgD-lambda-myeloma. The cells proliferate in suspension and
      do not aggregate or attach to the culture dish. Surface marker analysis revealed
      that the cells were negative for E-rosette, and surface immunoglobulin.
      Immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and immunofluorescence with various
      antibodies demonstrated no heavy chains, while lambda-light chains were detected
      in the cytoplasm of the cells. Using the immunodiffusion technique, only lambda
      light chains were detected in the frozen and thawed cell extract, the
      concentrated supernatant of the cell culture, and the urine of the patient.
      Electron microscopic examination revealed the plasmablastoid appearance of the
      cells. This cell line may be useful for future studies of human immunoglobulin
      genes and for the material of human-human hybridoma, which could produce
      monoclonal human immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6429257
TI  - A field trial of a new serological method for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6429258
TI  - [The 58th meeting of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. April 19
      21, 1984, Tokyo. Abstracts].

PMID- 6429259
TI  - [Study on human pituitary gonadotropin synthesis and release in amenorrhea and
      anovulation by LH-RH two step test].
AB  - The pituitary gonadotropin response of synthesis and release to two step
      stimulation at a 60 minute interval with 100 micrograms of luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LH-RH) was studied by radioimmunoassay of hLH and hFSH in the
      normal menstrual cycle, amenorrhea and anovulation. The definition of delta 1 and
      delta 2 was as follows: delta 1 = 30 (or 60) min. value-0 min. value. delta 2 =
      90 (or 120, 180) min. value-60 min. value. delta 1, delta 2 ratio = delta 2/delta
      1. Serum mean levels of hLH in follicular and luteal phase increased after the
      first injection of LH-RH. The second injection of the hormone induced an increase
      to above the first peak, indicating the priming effect of the first LH-RH on the
      second peak. The first peak is presumed to be the pituitary gonadotropin release
      due to the first injection of LH-RH, and the second peak can be composed in part
      of hLH newly synthesized by the first LH-RH stimulation. The response of hLH in
      the ovulatory phase increased after the first administration, but showed no
      significant peak after the second. The LH-RH two step test in normoestrogenic and
      PCO type amenorrhea produced two peaks of the mean levels of hLH. In ovarian
      anovulation, an hLH value higher than the others was detected before the first LH
      RH stimulation. The first injection caused an increase in serum hLH but after the
      second there is no significant peak. In contrast, serum hLH and hFSH values were
      lower than in the normal menstrual cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429260
TI  - A major role of ADP in thromboxane transfer experiments: studies in patients with
      platelet secretion defects.
AB  - Because of its unstable nature, previous studies of the effect of thromboxane A2
      on platelets have been performed by incubating normal platelets with arachidonic
      acid (generating system) and transferring aliquots of platelet suspensions or
      their supernates containing thromboxane A2 to indomethacin-treated platelets
      (recipient system). These studies concluded that thromboxane A2 could induce
      irreversible aggregation of and 14C-serotonin secretion from the recipient
      platelets. Our studies indicate that ADP plays a major role in the responses
      induced by such transferred aliquots in recipient platelets, and that the effects
      previously attributed solely to thromboxane A2 occur because of a synergism
      between thromboxane A2 and ADP, which consists of ADP transferred passively and
      ADP secreted by the recipient platelets. We found optimum dense granule secretion
      to be dependent on the presence of an intact cyclooxygenase pathway in the
      recipient platelets and on close cell contact, suggesting that thromboxane A2 may
      not be as strong an agonist (direct inducer of secretion) as generally
      considered. Several investigators have performed similar transfer experiments
      using platelets from patients with secretion defects despite normal granule
      contents. On the basis of diminished response in the patients' platelets to
      aliquots of normal platelets stimulated with arachidonic acid, they concluded
      that the defective platelet secretion was caused by an impaired response to
      thromboxane A2. Because of the role of ADP demonstrated, we caution against such
      an inference regarding responsiveness of platelets to thromboxane A2 based purely
      on the results of the transfer experiments.

PMID- 6429261
TI  - Cancer of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavities. Part I. Clinical features.

PMID- 6429262
TI  - The Case Mix System.
AB  - The Case Mix System (CMS) was developed as a broad-based decision support system
      for planning and managing effectiveness in the product line environment. CMS is
      proven in a range of hospital settings and provides the information needed to
      meet todays health care management challenges.

PMID- 6429263
TI  - New input to hospital decision making.
AB  - To respond to the rapidly changing environment of the hospital industry and to
      the impact of a prospective reimbursement experiment, the Genesee Hospital has
      established a new structure and process to combine clinical and administrative
      expertise in management and planning activities. Various analyses and
      recommendations are developed from a data base of merged clinical and financial
      information. The result has been both better-informed decision-makers and more
      comprehensive analyses on which to base decisions.

PMID- 6429264
TI  - An autoradiographic study of the taste bud following injections of labeled
      biogenic amine precursors.

PMID- 6429265
TI  - Gut mucosal mast cells. Origin, traffic, and differentiation.
AB  - Gut mucosal mast cells (MMC), which are nearly absent in normal mice are abundant
      during nematode infection. In normal mice, study of MMC precursors (MMC-P: cells
      giving rise to MMC colonies in the presence of IL-3) show that: (a) their
      frequency, judged by limiting dilution is very high in bone marrow (BM) and gut,
      and very low in most lymphoid organs and thoracic duct lymph (TDL); (b) gut MMC-P
      are Thy-1- Lyt-1-2- and are not rapidly replicating; (c) they are the progeny of
      less differentiated BM MMC-P which are attracted from the blood to the gut mucosa
      by local factor(s), other than antigen and T cell factors (since normal amounts
      of gut MMC-P are found in germ-free, nude, and newborn mice). In mice bearing the
      Wehi 3 tumor (which releases enough IL-3 to produce detectable blood levels)
      spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (LN) show increased MMC-P frequency, the
      greatest increase being in the gut and BM, where numerous differentiated MMC are
      found. In Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb)-infested mice (known to develop a
      large, T cell-dependent, gut MMC infiltration), gut MMC-P proliferation is
      induced by IL-3 released from gut mucosal Thy-1+ Lyt-2- cells, whose in vitro IL
      3 release capability is much higher than that of similar cells from normal mice.
      Both Nb-stimulated T blasts and proliferating MMC-P undergo cyclic traffic,
      migrating into the TDL and then seeding the whole length of the gut (a process
      which allows a widespread immune defense after a local antigenic stimulus).
      Experiments using 2-d interruption of this traffic and fetal gut grafts, suggest
      that the continuous homing of T blasts back to the gut which leads to permanent
      Nb-stimulated IL-3 release, is essential for the full maturation of MMC. Transfer
      experiments in the rat show that TDL circulating MMC-P rapidly mature into MMC
      when they home back to the Nb-infested gut. It is proposed that gut MMC arise
      after several stages of progressive differentiation of MMC-P, influenced both by
      IL-3 and unidentified gut factor(s).

PMID- 6429266
TI  - Ethnic differences in the lymphocyte proliferative response induced by a murine
      IgG1 antibody, Leu-4, to the T3 molecule.
AB  - The mitogenic effects of isotypically diverse antibodies to the T3 molecule were
      examined in genetically diverse population groups. Whereas the OKT3 antibody
      (IgG2a) was mitogenic for blood mononuclear cells from all individuals tested,
      the 38.1 antibody (IgM) was consistently nonmitogenic. In contrast, studies of
      the mitogenic effects of the Leu-4 antibody (IgG1) revealed striking ethnic
      differences. More than 80% of Caucasians and Negroes were good Leu-4 responders,
      whereas most individuals of Asian origin, including Indian, Japanese, and
      Chinese, were either Leu-4 nonresponders or Leu-4 low responders. However, the
      majority of American Indians, as well as a significant minority of Chinese, were
      good responders. Cell separation studies confirmed that monocytes govern the
      different mitogenic effects of the anti-T3 antibodies. The results reveal
      interesting ethnic differences in monocyte accessory function probably mediated
      via the Fc-gamma receptor, in the stimulation of T lymphocytes by an IgG1
      antibody against the T3 molecule.

PMID- 6429267
TI  - Immune response-associated production of neopterin. Release from macrophages
      primarily under control of interferon-gamma.
AB  - Neopterin, a compound derived from GTP, represents a precursor molecule of
      biopterin that is an essential cofactor in neurotransmitter synthesis. We have
      recently reported that in vivo as well as in vitro immune responses are
      accompanied by an increased release of neopterin and that this phenomenon can be
      used for the biochemical monitoring of diseases accompanied by hyperimmune
      stimulation. This article deals with the cellular origin and the control of this
      immune response-associated neopterin release in vitro. Using highly purified or
      monoclonal cellular reagents we demonstrate that macrophages (M phi) stimulated
      with supernatants from activated T cells release large amounts of neopterin into
      culture supernatants. Further experiments involving induction of neopterin
      release from M phi with various human recombinant interferons (IFNs) or
      neutralization of the effect of T cell supernatants with various monoclonal anti
      IFN antibodies revealed immune IFN as the active principle. It thus appears that
      a metabolic pathway so far exclusively known in context with the generation of an
      essential cofactor of neurotransmitter-synthesis during immune responses is also
      activated in M phi under stringent control by immune IFN-like lymphokines.

PMID- 6429268
TI  - Five doubly unsaturated metabolites of valproic acid in urine and plasma of
      patients on valproic acid therapy.
AB  - The urine and plasma of epileptic patients receiving therapeutic doses of
      valproic acid (2-propyl- pentanoic acid) was found to contain five doubly
      unsaturated metabolites of valproic acid, which were identified as their
      trimethylsilyl derivatives by GC/MS. A series of reference substances was
      synthesized but only two of them were identical with native metabolites: 2(2
      propenyl)-4-pentenoic acid (= 4.4'-diene) and E-2-propyl-2.4- pentadienoic acid
      (E-2.4-diene). The mass-spectra of the five native metabolites are given.
      Preliminary quantitative data obtained from four groups of patients indicate
      increased formation of doubly unsaturated metabolites when valproic acid-induced
      side-effects are present, and in cases of fatal hepatic failure. The 4.4'-diene
      has hitherto been found only in fatal cases with hepatic injury. Quantitative
      data are presented as % of the sum of valproic acid plus all its detected
      metabolites.

PMID- 6429269
TI  - Calcium ultrastructural localization in Xenopus laevis eggs following activation
      by pricking or by calcium ionophore A 23187.
AB  - In the egg of Xenopus laevis a cortical network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      (SER) surrounds and interconnects each cortical granule (CG) (Campanella and
      Andreuccetti, '77). This network is a possible intracellular site of calcium
      storage to be called into action for CG exocytosis. In our experiments, Xenopus
      eggs, unfertilized or activated by pricking or by calcium ionophore A 23187, have
      been fixed in osmium-pyroantimonate for calcium localization. Our data show that
      deposits can be detected only in activated eggs. The calcium chelator edetate
      (EGTA) and x-ray microprobe analysis demonstrate that they contain calcium.
      Deposits are found on liposomes and on all intraovular cytomembranes, which
      therefore appear to be possible sites of calcium sequestration. In the case of
      ionophore-activated eggs, deposits are detectable independently of the presence
      of extracellular calcium. These data show that in Xenopus at activation an
      intracellular liberation of calcium occurs similar to that described in other
      species. Furthermore, the fact that antimony deposits are observed only after
      activation makes Xenopus eggs appropriate material in which to follow the
      temporal and spatial sequence of appearance of the deposits during the early
      stages of activation. Our results show that antimony deposits appear first in SER
      vesicles between the plasma membrane and CGs and then spread to the rest of the
      egg cytomembranes. These data corroborate our hypothesis that in Xenopus the
      cortical SER network is the first intracellular site where calcium is released at
      activation. The possible mechanism of calcium release and propagation along the
      egg cortex is discussed.

PMID- 6429270
TI  - Fish liver protein synthesis during cold acclimatization: seasonal changes of the
      ultrastructure of the carp hepatocyte.
AB  - A cell-free system, active in protein synthesis, was constructed using ribosomes
      and supernatant factors isolated from the livers of winter-acclimatized carps.
      Upon seasonal adaptation, the hepatocytes of these fishes exhibited distinctive
      morphological features that were not sex dependent. The cytoarchitecture of the
      liver cell from summer carps is consistent with the cellular arrangements found
      when the rate of gene expression is high. During winter, several morphological
      features reveal that macromolecular synthetic activity may be clearly diminished.

PMID- 6429271
TI  - Influence of ethanol on chromosome segregation during the first and second
      meiotic divisions in the mouse egg.
AB  - This study was carried out to investigate the influence of ethanol on chromosome
      segregation during the first and second meiotic divisions. Female mice were given
      a single intragastric injection of a dilute solution of ethanol either just
      before or at various times after the HCG injection for inducing superovulation.
      The mice were mated, and the chromosome constitution of fertilized eggs was
      determined at the first cleavage mitosis. The technique employed allowed the male
      and female-derived pronuclear sets to remain as two discrete groups. Exposure
      from 1.5 h before to 17 h after the HCG injection induced a high incidence of
      aneuploidy (15-25%) involving in over 90% of cases only one chromosome, so that
      either 19 or 21 instead of the normal complement of 20 chromosomes were present
      in one of the two sets (a previous study using a "marker" chromosome has
      demonstrated that the nondisjunction induced here invariably involves the female
      set). We suggest these findings draw attention to the susceptibility of
      chromosome segregation in female germ cells to interference by ethanol and that
      the mode of action is likely to be via interference with the normal functioning
      of the spindle apparatus. It is possible that interference with meiotic
      chromosome segregation by spindle-acting agents such as ethanol might account for
      a proportion of human spontaneous abortions with similar chromosomal defects
      where no other obvious cause is apparent.

PMID- 6429272
TI  - Immunosuppression, graft-versus-host disease, and infection after bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 6429273
TI  - Some properties of old and new rhodopsin in single Bufo rods.
AB  - Rod photoreceptors renew the membranous disks of the outer segments (ROS). New
      disks are assembled at the proximal base and old disks are shed at the distal
      tip. Rhodopsin, the major protein of the disk, remains with the disk into which
      it was inserted. Thus, it is true that the oldest rhodopsin is at the tip and the
      newest at the base. A microspectrophotometer is used to examine the properties of
      rhodopsin in the two ends of the toad ROS. No differences between the two are
      found in absorption spectrum, concentration, dichroism, photoconversion rates, or
      lateral diffusion rates. Regeneration of rhodopsin from the bleached state is
      also studied but cannot be used to discriminate old from new rhodopsin because
      the point of entry of regeneration retinoids and/or their concentrations cannot
      be controlled. However, a new insight into pigment regeneration in the living
      toad eye is gained: regeneration is faster in the basal disks than in the distal.

PMID- 6429274
TI  - Control of wall band splitting in Streptococcus faecalis.
AB  - Computer reconstructions of 659 and 1325 whole mounted, shadowed cells, randomly
      chosen from cultures of Streptococcus faecalis undergoing balanced growth and
      doubling in mass every 83 min and 30 min, respectively, were used to analyse the
      cell cycle. The size limits and duration of phases of the cell cycle were
      estimated by applying a method previously described by the authors, details of
      which are given here to allow others to use the method. Deeply constricted cells
      whose primary septal radius, Rs, was less than or equal to 0.18 micron were
      considered as belonging to an E-phase ending the cell cycle. The statistical
      parameters of these E-phase cells were used to calculate the mean and coefficient
      of variation of dividing cells. These latter values, in turn, predicted the
      moments of the total population well enough so that the method's assumptions were
      judged adequately satisfied. Therefore, the method was considered applicable to
      other phases and sub-phases of the cell cycle of these two cultures. The E-phase
      cells were further classified as having either 0, 1 or 2 secondary growth zones,
      allowing us to calculate the percentage of newborn cells without growth zones. In
      the slow-growing cells, 69% of the cells arose with no growth zone. On the other
      hand, in more rapidly growing cells 16% of the cells or less arose with no growth
      zone. Our calculations showed that they could exist without a growth zone for
      only 2 and 0.1 min, respectively. We also classified cells as possessing a 'birth
      site' if the volume between the two daughter bands was greater than 0, but less
      than 0.06 micron3. From the statistical properties of such cells with new growth
      zones, the mean pole time, W, was estimated. We also estimated W from the size of
      cells in E-phase. The major conclusion is that the pole time is only slightly
      greater than the mass doubling time at both growth rates. Since DNA synthesis in
      S. faecalis takes longer (C = 50 to 52 min) than the mass doubling time in rich
      medium (30 min), a new round of chromosome replication must be initiated before
      the old round of synthesis is completed (dichotomous replication). Consequently,
      wall band splitting and initiation of chromosome replication do not occur
      simultaneously. It was also concluded that the cell initiates wall band
      splitting, resulting in pole formation and cell division, when the growth zones
      cannot function rapidly enough to allow the increase of surface area required to
      accommodate continuing production of cytoplasm.

PMID- 6429275
TI  - Chromosomal loci associated with antibiotic hypersensitivity in pulmonary
      isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - 492a and 492c were two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the sputum
      of a patient with cystic fibrosis. The strains were closely related but expressed
      different antibiograms. 492c was hypersensitive (10-100 times more sensitive than
      492a) to the beta-lactam antibiotics carbenicillin, methicillin, flucloxacillin,
      mecillinam and cefuroxime and the non-beta-lactam, nalidixic acid. 492c also
      showed enhanced sensitivity (4-8 times more sensitive than 492a) to
      chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and novobiocin. 492a and PAO8 expressed similar
      levels of antibiotic resistance, except for trimethoprim, to which 492a was five
      times more sensitive than PAO8. Two genes associated with antibiotic
      hypersensitivity were mapped in the 30 min region of the chromosome, by means of
      R68.45-mediated plate matings between a Leu - mutant of 492c and PAO8, followed
      by transductional analysis using phage F116L. The first of these genes, blsA1,
      was closely linked to nalB, and in a PAO background, was associated with
      hypersensitivity to the beta-lactams and a moderate increase in sensitivity to
      chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and novobiocin. A further increase
      in sensitivity to the latter three antibiotics was associated with the second
      gene, tpsA1, which mapped between ser-3 and hisV. This gene could also be
      transferred to PAO from 492a, thus 492c could have arisen from 492a in vivo
      following a single chromosomal mutation at the blsA locus. Isolation of a blsA
      mutant of PAO969 provided further evidence for this theory.

PMID- 6429276
TI  - Diagnostic value of anti-HBc IgM in high HBV prevalence areas.
AB  - The diagnostic value of an anti-mu-capture immunoassay for the detection of IgM
      antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was evaluated. Strongly
      positive results were obtained from the acute phase sera of the 25 acute
      hepatitis B patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and of
      the 18 confirmed acute hepatitis B patients who had already cleared HBsAg when
      symptoms developed. Negative results were obtained in 5 hepatitis A patients, 20
      non-A, non-B acute hepatitis patients serologically susceptible to HBV, 22
      patients with chronic hepatitis B liver disease, 15 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers,
      and 10 healthy patients immune from past HBV infection. Fourteen of the acute
      hepatitis patients remained HBsAg positive for a follow-up period of at least 6
      months, and 12 of these were found consistently anti-HBc IgM negative. These were
      considered as chronic HBsAg carriers with a superimposed form of acute liver
      injury. These data show that this assay can differentiate between acute from
      chronic (HBsAg positive) and recent from old (HBsAg negative) hepatitis B virus
      infection. Thus, it should be very useful in the complex diagnostic situations
      encountered commonly in areas with high prevalence of HBV infections.

PMID- 6429277
TI  - "On-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: correlation to the concentration of
      dopa in plasma.
AB  - To investigate the relation between "on-off" fluctuations in symptomatology and
      bioavailability of dopa in patients with Parkinson's disease, five Parkinsonian
      patients with pronounced "on-off" symptoms were studied. Continuously during the
      study the degree of disability in the patients was registered. Every one hour,
      and in addition, whenever there was a change from "on" to "off" or vice versa, a
      blood sample was collected for dopa determination. Since dopa is transported from
      plasma into the brain by a saturable carrier for which it has to compete with
      endogenous large neutral amino acids (LNAA), the concentrations of these
      competitors were measured too. In four of the patients there were considerable
      oscillations in the plasma dopa concentration during the day; in one of these
      patients the highest value was as much as 12 times higher than the lowest value.
      These dramatic fluctuations in the absolute concentration of dopa in plasma had a
      major influence on the relative dopa concentrations (calculated as the ratio
      dopa/sum of LNAA) as the fluctuations in the concentrations of LNAA in plasma
      were much less pronounced. Consequently, the absolute and the relative
      concentrations of dopa in plasma were highly parallelled. In four of the five
      patients "on"-periods began within one hour after a peak in the concentration of
      dopa in plasma and in the fifth patient five out of seven "on"-periods were
      preceded by a rise in plasma dopa concentration within the same time interval.
      From the present data it could be concluded that the "on-off" phenomenon in
      Parkinson's disease, at least partly, is due to oscillations in the concentration
      of dopa in plasma. A reduction in the variations of the concentration of dopa in
      plasma seems to be necessary to overcome the "on-off" problem. The introduction
      of a slow release preparation of dopa is therefore urgently warranted. The
      concentration of LNAA in plasma must, however, also be considered in this
      context.

PMID- 6429278
TI  - Ethanolamine glycerophospholipid formation by decarboxylation of serine
      glycerophospholipids in myelinating organ cultures of cerebellum.
AB  - Serine decarboxylation as a source of glycerophospholipid ethanolamine is known
      to occur in mammals. However, early investigators failed to demonstrate the
      pathway in brain. In the present study serine is shown to be decarboxylated to
      glycerophospholipid ethanolamine in myelinating organ cultures of rat cerebellum
      up to 32 days in vitro. The pattern of incorporation of L-[3-14C]serine into
      culture phospholipids strongly suggests a precursor-product relationship between
      serine glycerophospholipids (SGP) and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EGP),
      with serine label appearing in the ethanolamine moiety of EGP. The time course of
      labelling was similar for both acid-stable and acid-labile EGP. In contrast DL-[1
      14C]serine failed to label EGP significantly due to the loss of serine carbon C1
      on decarboxylation. Through the systematic hydrolysis of phospholipids from
      cerebellar cultures incubated with L-[3-14C], it was clear that in SGP, acid
      stable EGP, and acid-labile EGP greater than to 70% of radiolabel resides in the
      base moiety of each of these molecular species. It is proposed that serine
      decarboxylation as a source of EGP ethanolamine may be important in the early
      stages of brain development.

PMID- 6429279
TI  - Malonate, malonyl-coenzyme A, and acetyl-coenzyme A in developing rat brain.
AB  - Free malonate, malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA), and acetyl-CoA were assayed in
      rat brain at developmental ages from the 20th day of gestation to 60 days of
      postnatal life. The determination of malonate was based on its conversion to
      malonyl-CoA and decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA by enzyme extracts from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens. The resulting acetyl-CoA reacted with [4-14C]oxaloacetate to form [5
      14C]citrate, which was isolated by TLC. Malonyl-CoA in perchloric acid extracts
      from brain was converted to acetyl-CoA by rat liver mitochondrial malonyl-CoA
      decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.9). Acetyl-CoA derived from this step was assayed by a
      modified CoA-cycling procedure. Brain acetyl-CoA was also assayed by CoA cycling.
      Prenatal brain contained no free malonate but malonyl-CoA was present. The acetyl
      CoA level was relatively high just prior to birth and declined slightly with
      growth. Malonate concentrations after birth rose rapidly to reach 192 nmol/g wet
      weight at 60 days. Adult levels for malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA were 1.83 and 1.90
      nmol/g wet weight, respectively. The origin and natural role of free malonate in
      brain are not known but deacylation of malonyl-CoA by reversal of the malonyl-CoA
      synthetase reaction is postulated. Rat liver and kidney also contain substantial
      concentrations of free malonate.

PMID- 6429280
TI  - Degradation of neurofilament proteins by purified human brain cathepsin D.
AB  - Cathepsin D (CD) was purified to homogeneity from postmortem human cerebral
      cortex. Incubation of CD with human neurofilament proteins (NFPs) prepared by
      axonal flotation led to the rapid degradation of the 200,000, 160,000, and 70,000
      NFP subunits (200K, 160K, and 70K) which had been separated by one- or two
      dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
      Degradation was appreciable at enzyme activity-to-substrate protein ratios that
      were two- to threefold lower than those in unfractionated homogenates from
      cerebral cortex. Quantitative measurements of NFPs separated by PAGE revealed
      that, at early stages of digestion, the 160K NFP was somewhat more rapidly
      degraded than the 70K subunit while the 200K NFP had an intermediate rate of
      degradation. At sufficiently high enzyme concentrations, all endogenous proteins
      in human NF preparations were susceptible to the action of CD. Human brain CD
      also degraded cytoskeletal proteins in NF preparations from mouse brain with a
      similar specificity. To identify specific NFP break-down products, antisera
      against each of the major NFPs were applied to nitrocellulose electroblots of
      NFPs separated by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. In addition to detecting the 200K,
      160K, and 70K NFP in human NF preparations, the antisera also detected
      nonoverlapping groups of polypeptides resembling those in NF preparations from
      fresh rat brain. When human NF preparations were incubated with CD, additional
      polypeptides were released in specific patterns from each NFP subunit. Some of
      the immuno-cross-reactive fragments generated from NFPs by CD comigrated on two
      dimensional gels with polypeptides present in unincubated preparations. These
      results demonstrate that NFPs and other cytoskeletal proteins are substrates for
      CD. The physiological significance of these findings and the possible usefulness
      of analyzing protein degradation products for establishing the action of
      proteinases in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 6429281
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone enhances choline acetyltransferase and creatine
      kinase in cultured spinal ventral horn neurons.
AB  - The effect of 0.1 mM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on ventral horn neurons
      was investigated in eight experimental sets of tissue cultures established from
      ventral and dorsal portions of spinal cords of 13-15-day rat embryos. Cultures
      were treated with TRH from day 1 for 2-5 weeks. TRH-treated ventral spinal cord
      cultures (VSCC), compared with control VSCC, had more numerous and more healthy
      appearing neurons and thicker bundles of long cell processes. In TRH-treated
      VSCC, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was greater than 16 times (p less
      than 0.005) and creatine kinase greater than 3 times (p less than 0.005) that of
      control VSCC. Morphologic and biochemical parameters of dorsal spinal cord
      cultures remained unchanged by TRH treatment. Since lower motor neurons are
      numerous in the ventral spinal cord (and not present in the dorsal cord) and
      since lower motor neurons are the major ChAT-containing spinal cord cells, our
      data demonstrating a beneficial effect of TRH on VSCC suggest a tropic effect of
      TRH on lower motor neurons.

PMID- 6429282
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analog MK-771 increase the
      cerebroventricular perfusate content of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
AB  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its synthetic analog, pyro
      2-aminoadipyl-histidyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide (MK-771), were determined on
      the efflux of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) collected from push-pull
      cannulae chronically implanted into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats.
      Intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal injections of both peptides increased
      the efflux of DOPAC. These results suggest that TRH and MK-771 increase the
      activity of dopaminergic neurons that terminate in periventricular regions.

PMID- 6429283
TI  - Flavonoids with anti-cataract activity from Brickellia arguta.
AB  - Six flavonoids were isolated from Brickellia arguta and identified using chemical
      and spectral methods. The isolation and spectral data of a new flavonoid, 6-
      methoxykaempferol 3-O-beta-D- robinobioside (3), are reported for the first time.
      Three of these flavonoids were tested and showed inhibition of rat lens aldose
      reductase.

PMID- 6429284
TI  - Ventricular diverticulum.
AB  - A ventricular diverticulum was found on computed tomography in six out of 25
      cases of congenital obstructive hydrocephalus. In all six cases, the diverticulum
      was located on the medial wall of the trigone. In three cases, it was restricted
      to the tentorial hiatus with a recognisable superior cerebellar cistern (small).
      In two cases, it occupied the tentorial hiatus without a recognisable cistern
      (medium). The remaining case had a diverticulum extending into the posterior
      fossa that caused cerebellar ataxia (large). In all patients, the diverticulum
      regressed after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. The characteristics of the computed
      tomograms, the clinical significance and the pathogenesis of this phenomenon are
      discussed.

PMID- 6429285
TI  - Respiratory failure as initial symptom of acid maltase deficiency.
AB  - Nine patients with adult onset acid maltase deficiency were seen at the Nijmegen
      University Hospital and the St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg , during the period
      1970-1982. Five of these patients developed respiratory failure, and in four this
      was the initial symptom. The occurrence of respiratory failure as an early
      symptom of this muscular disease is discussed.

PMID- 6429286
TI  - Grand-mal as the major presenting symptom of infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 6429287
TI  - High affinity (3H) beta-alanine uptake by scar margins of ferric chloride-induced
      epileptogenic foci in rat isocortex.
AB  - Cortical astrocytes of normal mammalian brain are endowed with a high affinity
      uptake system for beta-Alanine which is competitively inhibited by gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter strongly implicated in
      epileptogenesis. We evaluated (3H) beta-Alanine uptake by reactive astrocytes
      proliferating within scar of epileptogenic foci induced in rat motor cortex by
      microinjections of 100 mM ferric chloride. Following in vitro incubation of scar
      tissue with (3H) beta-Alanine, ultrastructural morphometry of grain patterns at
      5, 30 and 120 days post injection revealed early and significant grain count
      increases (p less than 0.001) over astroglial processes, predominantly those
      related to perivascular glial end-feet. Astrocytic cell body and endothelial cell
      counts showed a more gradual and stepwise increase. Similar data were obtained by
      comparing visual and edited mean astrocytic grain counts. These results suggest
      that the enhanced uptake of reactive astrocytes may reflect a marked decrease of
      inhibitory GABAergic neurons within ferric chloride-induced scars.

PMID- 6429288
TI  - Leukoencephalopathy in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Immunohistochemical and
      electron microscopic observations.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of a case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
      with leukoencephalopathy are reported. Multiple cerebral foci of demyelination,
      accompanied to a lesser extent by axonal degeneration, were associated with
      perivascular infiltrates of plasmacytoid lymphocytes and with permeation of the
      white matter by macroglobulins. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a
      predominance of IgM kappa within the blood plasma, in cerebral blood vessel
      walls, in the foci of demyelination, and within perivascular histiocytes.
      Electron microscopy disclosed the presence, in macrophages and pericytes, of
      membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of tubular arrays, suggestive of
      cryoglobulin deposits. We hypothesize that the high serum levels of
      macroglobulins accompanied by lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates may, either by way of
      viscosity-related ischemia, or by a direct toxic effect, have caused abnormal
      vascular permeability, infiltration of the cerebral parenchyma by paraproteins,
      and, ultimately, focal degeneration of the white matter.

PMID- 6429289
TI  - Gold thioglucose, mimpa and lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus.

PMID- 6429290
TI  - The value of CT in diagnosis and prognosis of different inborn neurodegenerative
      disorders in childhood.
AB  - Inborn errors of metabolism in 40 children have been investigated by computed
      tomography to obtain data on the degree of cerebral involvement in
      neurodegenerative and storage disorders: 20 children had various
      mucopolysaccharidoses, 8 sphingolipidoses , 3 mucolipidoses, 2 oligosaccharidoses
      , 3 ceroidlipofuscinoses and 4 had various leucodystrophies . Diagnosis in all
      patients except Alexander's disease was established by biochemical or
      histological means. The main findings on CT were cerebral atrophy with
      enlargement of the ventricles and the subarachnoid spaces and hypodensity of the
      white matter. The degree of cerebral atrophy seemed to develop according to the
      age of the patients, as could be seen from the patients with
      mucopolysaccharidosis III, metachromatic leucodystrophy and GM1-gangliosidosis.
      Hypodensity of the white matter was found in mucopolysaccharidosis I-H, II-B, VI,
      in mucolipidosis II and in patients with leucodystrophies . On the other hand,
      there was great variability in these CT findings even in siblings, as seen in
      four patients with mucopolysaccharidosis VI. Among the series there were several
      patients who did not show any abnormalities in CT, so that a negative CT did not
      exclude these disorders, even the leucodystrophies . CT features such as cerebral
      atrophy or hypodensity were helpful in the evaluation of these disorders, though
      a diagnosis could not be made by CT alone.

PMID- 6429292
TI  - Induced hypertension in stroke.

PMID- 6429291
TI  - Electrophysiology of neurons of lateral thalamic nuclei in cat: mechanisms of
      long-lasting hyperpolarizations.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were performed in the lateral thalamic nuclei of cats
      under barbiturate anesthesia. The nature of cyclic hyperpolarizations triggered
      in relay cells by cortical stimulation was analyzed. These long-lasting
      hyperpolarizations were made of three different components. The early component,
      which was reversed by current and Cl injections, was identified as a Cl-dependent
      inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). A depolarizing hump was usually present
      in the depth of the long-lasting hyperpolarization. This intermediate component
      was identified as a voltage-dependent dendritic Ca conductance on the basis of
      recordings and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) injections performed in
      relay cell dendrites. The late phase of hyperpolarization was dissociated from
      the early IPSP by its differential sensitivity to current and Cl injections and
      to conditioning tetanic stimulation. This late component was abolished by EGTA
      and, thus, was interpreted as a Ca-dependent K conductance increase. Activation
      of intrinsic somatic or dendritic conductances by current pulses never generated
      rhythmic hyperpolarizations in thalamic relay neurons. Oscillations appear to be
      imposed on these cells by synaptic inputs. It is then proposed that other
      thalamic neurons would have pacemaker properties and/or that oscillations would
      be produced in thalamic cellular pools by feedback interconnections.

PMID- 6429293
TI  - The combined effects of dietary protein and fat on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
      induced breast cancer in rats.
AB  - A 3 X 3 factorial experiment was conducted to examine how protein content (8, 16,
      32% of kilocalories from casein) and fat content (12, 24, 48% of kilocalories
      from corn oil) interact to influence 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)
      induced breast carcinogenesis in rats. Forty weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were
      assigned to each of 9 diets fed ad libitum. After 4 weeks each rat received DMBA
      (20 mg/kg) via gastric intubation. No substantial statistical interactions of
      protein and fat were observed on tumor incidence. Increasing dietary corn oil
      increased the percentage of rats with palpable tumors. Rats fed diets containing
      12, 24 and 48% of kilocalories from corn oil showed 35, 49 and 70% tumor
      prevalence at necropsy, and the total number of tumors per fat level was 65, 81
      and 182, respectively. Each doubling of dietary fat concentration approximately
      doubled the odds of a rat developing a tumor. Multiple tumors were more common
      with the highest corn oil intake. The odds of finding a second tumor in rats with
      one tumor increased by a factor of 7.5 when fat kilocalories were increased from
      24 to 48% compared to a decrease of one-third when fat kilocalories were
      increased from 12 to 24%. Dietary corn oil significantly increased the prevalence
      of adenocarcinomas and adenomas but not fibroadenomas. Dietary protein did not
      significantly affect tumor prevalence. However, tumors palpated in rats fed 16%
      of kilocalories as protein regressed more frequently than in rats fed low or high
      protein diets. Multiple logistic-regression results indicate that, in addition to
      the response to dietary corn oil, tumorigenesis was increased in rats with
      greater ad libitum food consumption. This conclusion is supported by reanalysis
      that used direct rate adjustment and average partial association tests.

PMID- 6429294
TI  - Influence of reduced food intake on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in zinc
      deficient rats.
AB  - The influence of reduced food intake on metabolism of liver phospholipids (PL) in
      zinc-deficient (ZD) rats was measured. Wealing male Long-Evans rats were fed ad
      libitum zinc-deficient (2 micrograms Zn/g diet) and zinc-adequate (20 micrograms
      Zn/g diet) diets for 21 days. A pair-fed (PF) group was included. ZD and PF rats
      displayed significantly increased levels of linoleic (18:2 omega 6) and dihomo
      gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 omega 6). Both ZD and PF rats displayed increased
      levels of gamma-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 6), but the increase was significant
      only in PF rats. ZD and PF rats displayed decreased levels of arachidonic acid
      (20:4 omega 6), but the decrease was significant only in PF rats. Both ZD and PF
      rats displayed significantly reduced levels of 22:5 omega 6. Both ZD and PF rats
      displayed increased products of delta 6 desaturation and decreased products of
      delta 5 and delta 4 desaturation. Significantly increased products of delta 9
      desaturation were noted in both ZD and PF rats. ZD and PF rats displayed
      significant increases in C20 elongation products. ZD and PF rats displayed
      significantly decreased levels of omega 6 metabolites but not total omega 6
      acids. ZD rats showed significantly increased levels of total omega 3 acids and
      omega 3 metabolites. ZD and PF rats showed significant increases in omega 9 acids
      but not significant changes in omega 9 metabolites. This study does not indicate
      that zinc affects the delta 6 desaturase in the metabolism of essential fatty
      acids. The aberrations previously attributed to zinc deficiency are probably due
      to the accompanying decreased food intake.

PMID- 6429295
TI  - Are stress management programs cost effective?

PMID- 6429296
TI  - Carbohydrate composition of dental plaque from primates with irradiation caries.
AB  - Carbohydrate analyses were performed on dental plaque collected from the teeth of
      irradiated monkeys, non-irradiated monkeys and a group of Streptococcus mutans
      free animals, all of which were fed the same standard cariogenic diet. Glucose
      was the predominant sugar constituent in plaque and was detected in highest
      concentration in the irradiated animals. Small amounts of pentoses and other
      hexoses were also present. Plaque from irradiated animals contained, by
      comparison with the other groups, higher levels of Strep. mutans and lower levels
      of Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces.

PMID- 6429297
TI  - A qualitative ultrastructural study of the intercellular spaces between
      epithelial cells treated in vivo with DMBA.
AB  - One of the features of epithelial dysplasia at the histological level is known as
      "loss of cellular adherence" in which adjacent epithelial cells appear more
      widely separated from each other than in normal tissues. In this study we examine
      the effects of the carcinogen DMBA on the epithelium of the hamster cheek-pouch
      with particular emphasis on the dimensions of the intercellular spaces. DMBA
      induced lesions were processed for electron microscopy and assigned to
      hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma groups, using defined criteria on toluidine
      blue-stained 1 micron Araldite sections. Untreated pouches were used as a
      control. At the light-microscopical level, intercellular spaces in hyperplastic
      epithelium appeared similar to those present in untreated tissue but increased
      progressively in dysplastic and carcinomatous lesions. Spaces were generally
      wider between basal and spinous cells than between granular cells, although wide
      variations were observed between tissue blocks demonstrating similar histological
      features and also within adjacent areas of the same block. At the ultrastructural
      level, untreated and hyperplastic tissue showed only occasional focal separations
      of adjacent plasma membranes; these spaces were more frequent between cells of
      lower strata. In sections from dysplasias and carcinomas, spaces were always
      extensive and were occupied by numerous villous or foliate membrane-bound
      cytoplasmic extensions. These were often attached to each other by desmosomes of
      apparently normal morphology but of a lower frequency than in untreated
      epithelium. The increased epithelial separation as indicated by the increased
      intercellular spaces during chemical carcinogenesis may be a result of any or all
      of the following factors: desmosomal disruption or their failure to develop; the
      production of cell-surface molecules which are less adhesive; inflammatory oedema
      and direct alterations on intercellular junctions and cell-surface components by
      infiltrating inflammatory cells.

PMID- 6429298
TI  - Alterations in the volume of the intercellular space between epithelial cells of
      the hamster cheek-pouch: quantitative studies of normal and carcinogen-treated
      tissues.
AB  - The present report investigated the extent of the epithelial dysplastic feature
      known as "loss of cellular adherence" at the ultrastructural level by quantifying
      the volume of the intercellular space during hamster cheek-pouch carcinogenesis.
      Following topical application of DMBA to cheek-pouches, lesions were classified
      as hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma, with untreated pouches serving as a
      control. Stereological point counting procedures were used to determine the
      volume density of intercellular space in defined basal, spinous and granular
      layers for each group. In general, progressive increases in volume density were
      detected within each stratum during carcinogenesis. These results indicate that
      increasing separation of epithelial cells occurs during carcinogenesis, although
      it is not yet known whether this results from loss of cohesion between
      specialised (i.e., desmosomal) or nonspecialised membrane areas. In addition, a
      simple indicator of pathological alteration, the Pathological Alteration Ratio
      (PAR), is described and was used to evaluate existing published data for
      intercellular spaces in various oral mucosal conditions. Values of the PAR were
      found to be substantially higher in carcinogen-treated epithelia than in reports
      describing changes in wound healing, lichen planus and leukoplakia simplex. These
      objective techniques are of value for investigating the pathogenesis of diseased
      epithelium and may find applications in the diagnosis of oral premalignant
      lesions.

PMID- 6429299
TI  - Surface changes in rat gastric mucosa induced by sodium fluoride: a scanning
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - This paper describes the ultrastructural, topographical changes seen in rat
      gastric mucosa following application of 0.1 N HCl or 1, 10 or 50 mM NaF in 0.1 N
      HCl to the stomach. No morphological differences were noticed between the 0.1 N
      HCl (control) and 1 mM NaF in 0.1 N HCl specimens. Ten milliomolar NaF in 0.1 N
      HCl produced some desquamation of surface mucous epithelial cells while 50 mM NaF
      produced extensive damage to cells surrounding the gastric gland openings
      (foveolae) as well as interfoveolar cell loss.

PMID- 6429300
TI  - Effects of smoking on the prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida
      albicans.
AB  - To find out whether smoking affects the prevalence and intraoral distribution of
      Candida albicans, swabs and saliva samples from 100 healthy persons, smokers and
      non-smokers were cultured for the presence of this fungus. The prevalence was the
      same (35%) in both smokers and non-smokers. Among carriers, the mean
      concentration of C. albicans colony-forming units in saliva of smokers was twice
      that of the non-smokers, and the isolation frequency of C. albicans at each of 5
      mucosal sites was also higher in smokers than in non-smokers. However, a wide
      variation was found, and these differences were not significant at the 0.05
      level. Men were carriers more often than women (p less than 0.025), and the
      mucosal site from which C. albicans was recovered most often was the posterior
      dorsum of the tongue. Although it has previously been claimed that cigarette
      smoking influences the carrier state of C. albicans, the present study suggests
      that the effect is only slight.

PMID- 6429301
TI  - Stereologic analysis of the lymphoid stroma in parotid adenolymphoma.
AB  - In 2 parotid adenolymphomas, the composition of lymphoid stroma was analysed,
      using stereologic point-counting methods at the electron microscopic level. In
      the 2 lesions, the stroma was almost identical with respect to organization and
      composition. Most areas of the stroma showed accumulation of mixed cell
      populations. On average, the latter were comprised of 5.1% fibroblastic/reticular
      cells, 2.7% macrophages, 68.9% small and 18.8% medium/large lymphocytes, 0.5%
      blastforming T-lymphocytes, 2.3% blastforming B-lymphocytes, and 1.6% plasma
      cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mast cells were extremely rare. Areas
      corresponding to the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles were found to contain
      83.0% small and 15.8% medium/large lymphocytes. The present data seem to be in
      accordance with the speculation that the lymphoid stroma of adenolymphoma
      represents an immune reaction.

PMID- 6429302
TI  - Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour: a case showing features of malignancy.
AB  - A case of malignant calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour is reported in a 75
      year-old man. Evidence of local tissue invasion and lymph-node metastasis is
      presented. Immunoperoxidase studies of the neoplastic cells and tumour amyloid
      were negative for a variety of antigens, including the epithelial markers CEA and
      keratin. The histological and clinical findings are discussed.

PMID- 6429303
TI  - Cellular effects of human leukocyte hydrolases III: inflammatory exudate and
      synovial fibroblasts.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to determine whether lysosomal enzymes obtained from
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) might adversely affect the viability of
      human synovial fibroblasts. The effects of the PMN granule enzymes were
      additionally determined in the presence of an inflammatory exudate. These in
      vitro results indicated that as a result of these experimental conditions, the
      lysosomal enzymes, although present in relatively high concentration, were
      incapable of cell destruction and could only release cells from their growth
      surfaces; as could other proteases. However, even this effect was not expressed
      in the presence of naturally occurring inhibitors widely distributed in body
      fluids, such as serum; and most importantly which are also present in
      inflammatory exudates. This was in spite of the relatively high dilution of serum
      and inflammatory exudate used. So that, in effect, the relatively dilute
      inhibitors present in both serum and inflammatory exudates prevented the
      relatively concentrated lysosomal enzymes from exerting any discernible effects
      on either the cells, or the intercellular substance under these experimental
      conditions. This possibly suggests that the role of PMN granule enzymes as
      mediators of the cellular destruction observed in many inflammatory diseases,
      needs further elucidation.

PMID- 6429304
TI  - The histochemistry of glycosidases in human benign and malignant breast tissue.
AB  - Histochemical methods for the localization of four glycosidases (beta
      glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase and alpha
      mannosidase) have been applied to 40 cases of human normal and hyperplastic
      breast tissue and 100 human breast carcinomas. All tissues have been fixed in
      formol-calcium at 4 degrees C and washed in gum sucrose. beta-Glucuronidase and
      beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase have consistently been detected in essentially all
      cells of normal and hyperplastic tissue. A similar distribution has been found
      for better differentiated carcinomas but the number of cells with detectable
      enzyme decreases in the more poorly differentiated tumour. beta-D-Galactosidase
      and alpha-mannosidase have only been demonstrated in very occasional cells in
      normal breast tissue. The incidence increases in hyperplastic tissue, and in
      approximately half the carcinomas many cells have detectable enzyme. The
      localization of beta-D-galactosidase has not been related to tumour
      differentiation but the better differentiated carcinomas tend to have few cells
      with demonstrable alpha-mannosidase. Although it has been suggested that
      glycosidases can have an effect on membrane function no differences have been
      found between those carcinomas having a few or many cells with detectable enzyme
      and the presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastasis. Total enzyme
      activity cannot be detected in fixed tissue, nor can an accurate quantitative
      assessment be made, but under the conditions of this study it is possible to
      conclude that there are differences between normal and malignant breast tissue in
      the localization of glycosidases.

PMID- 6429305
TI  - Iron in the preterm infant: a pilot study comparing Fe2+ and Fe3+ tolerance and
      effect.

PMID- 6429306
TI  - Lysis of vector-transmissible, metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi by avian
      serum.

PMID- 6429307
TI  - IgG and IgE antibodies to Hymenolepis nana detected in infected mouse sera by gel
      diffusion and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests.

PMID- 6429308
TI  - Cross-transmission and in vitro excystation experiments with Sarcocystis muris.

PMID- 6429309
TI  - Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in coyotes in texas.

PMID- 6429310
TI  - Electrophoretic differences in the isoenzymes of two mosquito gregarines,
      Ascogregarina barretti and A. geniculati.
AB  - Cross-infection experiments demonstrated that Ascogregarina barretti, from Aedes
      triseriatus, completes its life cycle in Aedes geniculatus. Parasite numbers were
      comparable to infection with Ascogregarina geniculati, making the separation of
      these parasites by host preference difficult. However, electrophoresis readily
      distinguished isoenzymes from the two morphologically similar gregarine species.
      Different migration rates were obtained for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2,
      lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. The migration rates were also
      different for parasite and host isoenzymes. When a single, heavily infected gut
      was subjected to electrophoresis the isocitrate dehydrogenase bands of each were
      clearly distinguishable on the same electrophoretic track. Electrophoresis
      appears to be a reliable method for resolving taxonomic complications of mosquito
      gregarines, a group often with wide host specificities and variable taxonomic
      characters.

PMID- 6429311
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition with a new amino acid solution for infants.
AB  - The currently available, commercially prepared amino acid mixtures for
      intravenous usage do not result in completely normal plasma amino acid patterns.
      Taking into consideration the known imbalances that occur with the commercial
      preparations, we designed a new amino acid solution (AF). This solution was
      prepared to contain a low concentration of those amino acids usually found in
      increased concentrations in plasma during the course of total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) with a commercially prepared product (CF) and a high
      concentration of branched-chain amino acids and arginine. Plasma amino acid
      concentrations were determined for nine infants receiving CF (Group A) and eight
      infants receiving AF (Group B) as the protein source while on TPN for 5 days.
      These data were compared to 2-h postprandial values obtained from breast-fed,
      growing infants serving as controls. In comparison with controls, the plasma
      concentrations of threonine, glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and
      lysine were higher in infants in group A, while those of taurine, alanine,
      valine, cystine, isoleucine, and proline were lower. In group B, the levels of
      valine and leucine were slightly higher, while those of alanine, cystine,
      tyrosine, histidine, and proline were lower. Mean nitrogen balances in groups A
      and B were + 112 and + 170 mg/kg/day, respectively. Therefore, our new amino acid
      solution may be better for infants receiving TPN.

PMID- 6429312
TI  - Essential fatty acid status of the premature infant during short-term fat-free
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fat-free parenteral nutrition
      on the essential fatty acid status of a group of stable premature infants during
      the first 10 days of life. Nine infants had a gestational age of less than 32
      weeks (Group 1), and 10 infants, 32-34 weeks (Group 2). Five of nine infants in
      Group 1 and two of 10 infants in Group 2 developed essential fatty acid
      deficiency (EFAD) (triene/tetraene ratio greater than 0.4). In three infants,
      EFAD was present by 5 days of age; and in four, between 5 and 10 days of age. The
      difference in frequency of EFAD between Groups 1 and 2 is statistically
      significant (p less than 0.05). The development of EFAD as a function of
      postnatal age could be predicted using a simple regression, y = -0.14 + 0.07x (r
      = 0.64, p less than 0.0001), where y represents the triene/tetraene ratio and x
      the postnatal age in days. We conclude that (a) EFAD may develop rapidly in the
      premature infant; (b) the more immature the infant, the greater the risk of EFAD;
      (c) the degree of EFAD increases with the duration of fat-free parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6429313
TI  - [Purification of nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome P-450
      reductase from porcine adrenal microsomes and reconstitution of 17 alpha
      hydroxylase, C17,20 lyase and 21-hydroxylase activities].

PMID- 6429314
TI  - Novel anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 6429315
TI  - Freeze-drying of oxyhemoglobin: protection against oxidation in the presence of
      EDTA salts, sulfonic acid buffers, and pantothenic acid derivatives.
AB  - Hemoglobin was freeze-dried in the presence of salts of EDTA, sulfonic acids used
      as buffers, or derivatives of pantothenic acid. At 0.25 M most of the compounds
      effectively inhibited the formation of methemoglobin. The various model compounds
      used (sodium zinc EDTA, tris(hydroxymethyl) methylaminopropanesulfonic acid, and
      DL-pantothenol) produced similar decreases in methemoglobin formation as a
      function of the concentration of protective agent between 0.01 and 0.20 M.
      Experiments on the storage of the freeze-dried materials revealed substantial
      denaturation of oxyhemoglobin after 12 months at 4 degrees C. On the whole, these
      compounds were less effective than amino acid salts, during both desiccation and
      storage. The multiplicity of compounds that inhibit the denaturation of
      hemoglobin during freeze-drying indicates that their mode of action is
      nonspecific.

PMID- 6429316
TI  - Influence of isotonic agents on the stability of thimerosal in ophthalmic
      formulations.
AB  - Storage tests on the stability of thimerosal in trimethoprim-polymyxin B eyedrop
      formulations containing isotonic agents other than sodium chloride have been
      carried out. The HPLC assay of thimerosal in stored formulations containing boric
      acid and EDTA decreased with time and temperature, while formulations containing
      propylene glycol, glycerol, and mannitol showed no significant decrease in
      thimerosal assay compared with a formulation containing no isotonic agent. The
      latter group provide suitable alternatives to sodium chloride, which has been
      shown to have a seriously detrimental effect on thimerosal stability.

PMID- 6429317
TI  - Mechanical properties of toad slow muscle attributed to non-uniform sarcomere
      lengths.
AB  - Tension changes have been measured during shortening or stretching movements
      applied to actively contracting motor units of the tonus bundle of the
      iliofibularis muscle of the toad Bufo marinus. During a slow, constant-velocity
      release tension fell, initially rapidly and then more slowly. The size of the
      fall, particularly later in the movement, depended on a number of factors
      including the duration of the isometric contraction before the onset of
      shortening, the amount of tension developed by the motor unit and the length of
      the muscle. When an isometrically contracting motor unit was rapidly shortened,
      the rate of rise on re-development of tension following the release was
      significantly slower than at the onset of the contraction. This effect was more
      marked if the release was preceded by a longer period of isometric contraction,
      if the experiment was carried out at shorter muscle lengths or if a smaller motor
      unit was used. If, following a period of isometric contraction, stimulation was
      interrupted, and a release-stretch movement applied to quickly bring the level of
      force down to near zero, and then stimulation recommenced , the final level of re
      developed tension was less than that immediately before the release. The size of
      the tension deficit following re-development was larger for small motor units and
      at short muscle lengths. When the duration of the contraction before release was
      increased the size of the deficit also increased. A deficit could be prevented if
      the muscle was allowed to relax passively before the shortening movement was
      commenced. Stretch of actively contracting slow muscle produced an initial steep
      tension rise followed at times by a transient fall before tension slowly rose
      again. The transient fall became larger at short muscle lengths, and after long
      duration contractions before stretch. Its tension dependence was less easy to
      establish because of complications involving changes in the relative series
      compliance. All of the above observations could be accounted for by an
      explanation based on the development of sarcomere non- uniformities in slow
      muscle fibres, produced as a result of non-uniform activation of the fibre
      membrane through the distributed nerve supply.

PMID- 6429318
TI  - Responses of upper airway, intercostal and diaphragm muscle activity to
      stimulation of oesophageal afferents in dogs.
AB  - The effects of oesophageal distension on respiratory patterns and the moving
      average electromyogram (e.m.g.) activity of three upper airway muscles--the alae
      nasi, the genioglossus, and the posterior cricoarytenoid--and four chest wall
      muscles--the costal and crural diaphragm and the inspiratory and expiratory
      intercostals--were examined in ten anaesthetized, tracheostomized, spontaneously
      breathing dogs. Distension was produced by inflations of a balloon placed in the
      middle part of the thoracic oesophagus with volumes of air ranging from 50 to 200
      ml. Oesophageal distension increased respiratory frequency, mainly due to a
      significant shortening of the expiratory time. Activity of both the costal and
      crural parts of the diaphragm was inhibited with oesophageal distension, whereas
      that of the inspiratory intercostal muscles increased, tending to maintain a near
      normal tidal volume and end-tidal CO2. Phasic inspiratory activity of all three
      upper airway muscles increased in response to oesophageal distension, as did the
      activity of the expiratory intercostal muscles. The changes in the breathing
      pattern and the electrical activity of all muscles in response to oesophageal
      distension were immediate, occurring during the first breath after the balloon
      was inflated. The responses were graded, so that increases in the volume of the
      oesophageal balloon progressively increased the activity of the upper airway and
      intercostal muscles, and decreased diaphragm activity. Bilateral vagotomy
      abolished the effects of oesophageal distension on upper airway and chest wall
      muscle activity, suggesting that vagal afferents constitute the major pathway for
      the reflex.

PMID- 6429319
TI  - Alterations in the oxygen deficit-oxygen debt relationships with beta-adrenergic
      receptor blockade in man.
AB  - The effects of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (100 mg oral metoprolol) or
      matched placebo on gas exchange kinetics were studied in six males. Ventilation
      and gas exchange were monitored in four transitions for each treatment from
      loadless pedalling (0 W) to a selected work rate (100 W) and back to 0 W. Breath
      by-breath data were averaged for analysis. Oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics were
      significantly slowed at the onset of exercise and recovery by beta-blockade. This
      resulted in larger oxygen deficit and oxygen debt (671 +/- 115, 586 +/- 87 ml O2,
      respectively) for beta-blockade than for placebo (497 +/- 87, 474 +/- 104 ml O2).
      In addition, oxygen deficit was significantly larger than oxygen debt during beta
      blockade tests. These results can be explained by greater utilization of oxygen
      and creatine phosphate stores as well as anaerobic glycolysis at the onset of 100
      W exercise with beta-blockade. Carbon dioxide output (VCO2) kinetics were
      significantly slowed by beta-blockade only at the onset of exercise. Expired
      ventilation (VE) kinetics were not affected by beta-blockade. At 0 W, VE was
      significantly reduced by beta-blockade. Heart rate was lower at all times with
      beta-blockade. Kinetics of heart rate were not affected. These data for VO2
      kinetics at the start and end of exercise indicate that even in moderate
      intensity exercise, lactic acid production can contribute significantly to energy
      supply. The use of the term ' alactic ' to describe the deficit and debt
      associated with this exercise is not appropriate.

PMID- 6429320
TI  - Direct measurement of intracellular pH and buffering power in smooth muscle cells
      of guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - A double-barrelled, pH-sensitive micro-electrode suitable for use in mammalian
      smooth muscle has been developed. It was shown to be unaffected by alteration of
      Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl or CO2, and yielded the same results in mouse soleus muscle as
      had been obtained previously with the recessed-tip pH-sensitive glass electrode (
      Aickin & Thomas, 1977 a). Intracellular pH (pHi) of the surface cells of guinea
      pig vas deferens was 7.06 +/- 0.09 (n = 52, S.D. of an observation) in Krebs
      solution equilibrated with 3% CO2 at pH 7.35. The membrane potential (Em) was 
      65.5 +/- 6.7 mV. Thus pHi is about 0.8 units more alkaline than that predicted if
      H+ ions were passively distributed across the cell membrane. Alteration of
      extracellular pH (pHo) at constant CO2 caused a smaller change in pHi, by about
      40% of that in pHo. The change was complete in 6-12 min and was of a similar
      magnitude whether the alteration was made in the continual presence or absence of
      CO2. Alteration of the CO2 level at constant pHo caused a rapid change in pHi
      followed by a slower, complete recovery. Thus the same stabilized pHi was
      recorded in different CO2-containing solutions. When CO2 was removed, the
      expected intracellular alkalinization was reduced or even obscured by a
      considerable acidification. pHi then stabilized at a mean value of 6.81 +/- 0.11
      (n = 18) with an Em of -60.8 +/- 8.2 mV. The acidification expected on
      readmission of CO2 was minimized or obscured by a rapid recovery of pHi to the
      value previously recorded in CO2-containing solutions. A simultaneous increase in
      CO2 and decrease in pHo caused a rapid fall in pHi which increased in magnitude
      with decreasing pHo. This fall was followed by an incomplete recovery when pHo
      was above about 6.8 (but below 7.35), by no further change in pHi when pHo was
      about 6.7 and by a slow, continued fall in pHi when pHo was below 6.7. The
      intrinsic buffering power was calculated from the pHi changes observed on
      alteration of CO2. The values obtained increased in parallel with the extent to
      which pHi recovered following the imposed change, probably explained by an
      inseparable contribution to the minimization of the change by transport
      processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6429321
TI  - The role of chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the regulation of intracellular
      chloride in guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - The Cl-depleted smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig vas deferens rapidly restore
      their intracellular Cl activity ( aiCl ) to a level 5 times higher than that
      predicted by a passive distribution when Cl- ions are readmitted to the
      extracellular solution. Cl reaccumulation, measured using Cl-sensitive micro
      electrodes and the uptake of 36Cl, was slowed about 3-fold by the nominal absence
      of CO2 and HCO3 and about 10-fold by the presence of the anion exchange inhibitor
      DIDS (4-4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid). However, the usual
      level of intracellular Cl was eventually attained and neither condition reduced
      intracellular Cl in normal tissues. The loss of intracellular Cl that occurs when
      Cl- ions are removed from the extracellular solution was slowed about 3-fold by
      the nominal absence of CO2 and HCO3 and was accelerated by their readdition. DIDS
      slowed the fall in aiCl about 10-fold and reduced 36Cl efflux. Intracellular pH
      (pHi), measured using pH-sensitive micro-electrodes, increased by a mean of 0.73
      units when Cl was removed from the superfusing solution in the presence of CO2
      and HCO3, and rapidly decreased when Cl was readmitted. These changes are
      equivalent to an intracellular accumulation and loss of HCO3- ions respectively.
      The net transmembrane movement of HCO3- ions which would have caused these
      changes in pHi was calculated using the measured intracellular buffering power (
      Aickin , 1984). 25% fewer HCO3- ions than Cl- ions were accumulated and lost and
      the HCO3 movement was completed 2-3 times faster than the simultaneous Cl
      movement under the same conditions. The changes in pHi induced by alteration of
      extracellular Cl were reduced by the nominal absence of CO2 and HCO3 and
      abolished by the presence of DIDS. The acidification recorded on readmission of
      Cl in the nominal absence of CO2 and HCO3 was compatible with a metabolic
      production of about 0.1% CO2. We conclude that Cl-HCO3 exchange plays a major
      role in the regulation of intracellular Cl. The exchange carrier is reversible,
      is completely inhibited by DIDS, and accounts for about 75% of the net Cl
      movement that occurs when Cl is removed from or readmitted to the extracellular
      solution. The mechanism which is responsible for the remaining Cl movement
      remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6429322
TI  - Dark noise in the outer segment membrane current of green rod photoreceptors from
      toad retina.
AB  - The outer segment membrane current of single green rods from toad retina was
      recorded with a suction electrode, and the rate of spontaneous noise events
      similar to single-photon responses was measured at different temperatures. The
      activation energy, Gibbs free energy of activation, and entropy of activation for
      the process producing spontaneous events were similar to the values reported for
      thermal isomerization of free 11-cis-retinal (Hubbard, 1966), suggesting that
      thermal isomerization of the chromophore may be the trigger for the spontaneous
      events. The apparent rate constant for thermal activation of the green rod
      photopigment was about 4 times higher than in red rods but about 1000 times lower
      than for free 11-cis-retinal. Thus, both red and green rod opsin appear to
      stabilize 11-cis-retinal against thermal isomerization, but green rod opsin is
      somewhat less effective. The speed of the average dim-flash response increased as
      temperature was raised, as reported previously in both cone and rod
      photoreceptors. The reciprocal of the time-to-peak of the dim-flash response had
      an average Q10 of 3.3 between 20 and 30 degrees C. Changing temperature shifted
      the time scale of the response without altering response wave form, suggesting
      that all delay stages shaping the light response were approximately equally
      affected by temperature. At temperatures greater than 25 degrees C, flash
      responses were sometimes biphasic, i.e. inward dark current first decreased after
      a flash, then transiently increased beyond the resting dark level.

PMID- 6429323
TI  - Non-linear summation of tension in motor units of toad slow muscle.
AB  - Tension developed by single motor units and bundles of motor units has been
      recorded from the slow, non-twitch portion of the iliofibularis muscle of the
      toad Bufo marinus. Evidence was sought for the presence of individual muscle
      fibres within a motor unit which remained less than fully activated when the axon
      was maximally stimulated, i.e. at a rate and duration sufficient to produce
      maximum tension. When two motor units were stimulated separately and together,
      one at a low rate and the other at a maximal rate, the tension recorded on
      combined stimulation was greater than the sum of individual tensions, i.e.
      combined stimulation acted to 'facilitate' tension in a proportion of fibres.
      Adding the anticholinesterase eserine to the solution bathing the muscle produced
      a large increase in individual motor unit tensions but a rather smaller increase
      during combined stimulation of several axons. This suggested that in normal
      solution, maximally stimulating a single axon left many muscle fibres less than
      fully activated. When the local anaesthetic lignocaine was added to the bathing
      solution, tension in response to nerve stimulation fell, presumably because of
      impulse blockade in small terminal branches of the axon. However tension fell
      more steeply for single motor units than for combinations of motor units, again,
      we propose, because single motor units contain a larger fraction of incompletely
      activated fibres whose tension output depends critically on the level of
      activation. Overlap between two motor units is a measure of the proportion of
      fibres innervated by both axons. When overlap was measured over a range of
      different muscle lengths and using contractions of different durations, evidence
      was obtained in support of the notion that tension output of some muscle fibres
      was less than maximum not only because the fibre received too sparse an
      innervation to achieve a sufficient over-all level of depolarization but because
      they had been non-uniformly activated, leading to internal motion within the
      fibre and a consequent further drop in tension.

PMID- 6429324
TI  - The role of cilia and flagella in cell interactions.

PMID- 6429325
TI  - Diagnosis of hyperventilation syndrome on the basis of reported complaints.
AB  - Four hundred consecutive patients referred for diagnosis of hyperventilation
      syndrome were studied to assess the utility of self-reported complaints for
      making primary diagnoses of the syndrome. One-half of the subjects were
      unequivocally diagnosed as positive for the disorder, the other half as negative.
      This diagnosis was determined by the presence or absence of two criteria with
      established validity: (a) recognition of major presenting symptoms during a
      period of voluntary hyperventilation, and (b) slow return of end-tidal CO2 levels
      to pre-hyperventilation baseline values after the voluntary period of
      overbreathing. Analyses focused on differences in presenting symptoms between
      those patients with and those without the syndrome. Results revealed many
      significant differences in frequency of specific complaints between groups.
      However, there was much overlap between groups with regard to all complaints. A
      discriminant analysis of the complaint items led to a correct classification of
      66 per cent of the subjects. Our findings thus indicate that the risks of
      misclassification of hyperventilation syndrome are relatively large when
      diagnosis is solely based on presenting complaints. Consequently, reported
      symptoms characteristic of the disorder should be used as preliminary indications
      requiring further evaluation.

PMID- 6429326
TI  - Operative angiography in the management of massive rectal bleeding.

PMID- 6429327
TI  - A comparison of serologic reactivity among SLE patients with or without anti-Ro
      (SS-A) antibodies.
AB  - The serum from 112 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was examined
      to compare serologic reactivity among anti-Ro positive and anti-Ro negative
      patients. While hypergammaglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor (RF) and elevated Clq
      binding were significantly more frequent among the anti-Ro positive group there
      was no increase in the frequency of anti-dsDNA antibody measured by the Farr
      assay or antibodies to ssDNA, dsDNA, poly dG . poly dC, poly (dA-dT) and
      cardiolipin measured by ELISA. Patients with the highest levels of anti-DNA
      antibody by the Farr assay did not have any increased frequency of anti-Ro
      antibodies. We concluded that anti-Ro and anti-DNA antibodies are independently
      regulated. The frequent occurrence of RF in anti-Ro positive SLE patients may
      provide a useful screening assay for this autoantibody among pregnant SLE
      patients.

PMID- 6429328
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan content in the lung of the tight-skin mouse.
AB  - Morphologic and physiologic pulmonary changes have been described in the tight
      skin (TSK) mouse, but no biochemical studies have been done. We performed
      qualitative and quantitative analyses of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on lungs of the
      TSK mouse. Total GAG were determined by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation in
      whole lung specimens from TSK mice and normal (N) mice of different age groups:
      1, 6, and 12 months old. There was no significant difference in total GAG, GAG
      concentration, or dry lung weight between TSK and N mice in any of the 3 age
      groups. In addition, fractionation of the GAG by electrophoresis revealed similar
      amounts of individual GAG (predominantly dermatan sulfate and heparin) in TSK and
      N mice within each age group. Therefore, structural abnormalities in the TSK
      mouse lung were not demonstrated to be due to qualitative or quantitative changes
      in GAG.

PMID- 6429329
TI  - Liver dysfunction associated with gold therapy for RA.

PMID- 6429330
TI  - Assessment of sutures for use in colonic surgery: an experimental study.
AB  - Following injury, normal colon takes approximately 30 days to regain full
      breaking strength. This healing period can be lengthened by local infection.
      Colonic anastomoses are likely to be contaminated by intraluminal organisms, and
      suture material in such a situation is known to potentiate the development of
      sepsis. Experiments were designed to evaluate six suture materials used in
      colonic surgery to determine which retained adequate tensile strength and which
      excited least inflammatory response. The results indicate that absorbable
      sutures, with the exception of polydioxanone, lose strength too rapidly for use
      alone. Braided materials, notably silk, produce a prolonged tissue response and
      harbour bacteria. Monofilament materials are unreactive and appear least likely
      to delay healing. Polydioxanone, which is monofilament and absorbable, is
      recommended for use in the colon.

PMID- 6429331
TI  - Inhibition of arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase. An approach to the inhibition of
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
AB  - Arabinose 5-phosphate ( A5P ) isomerase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of
      lipopolysaccharide, an essential component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
      bacteria. The mechanism of the isomerase is envisioned to involve an enediol
      intermediate. A series of compounds, which are analogues of the substrates or
      intermediate, were tested as inhibitors of A5P isomerase with the belief that a
      good inhibitor would stop bacterial growth or render the cells more susceptible
      to other antibiotics or natural defenses. In a series of phosphorylated sugars,
      the order of isomerase inhibitory activity was as follows: aldonic acids greater
      than alditols greater than aldoses. Nonphosphorylated sugars were much less
      inhibitory. The best inhibitor was erythronic acid 4-phosphate (54), which had
      Km/Ki = 29. None of the compounds displayed antibacterial activity in vitro.

PMID- 6429332
TI  - Synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogues. 1. Complete dissociation of
      central nervous system effects from thyrotropin-releasing activity.
AB  - Twenty-four thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues containing mainly
      aliphatic amino acids in position 2 were synthesized and tested for central
      nervous system (CNS) and hormonal (TSH) activity. Application of the
      pentafluorophenyl ester method in the syntheses resulted in optimal yields and
      high purity of the products. The neutral tripeptides pGlu- Nva -Pro-NH2 (9), pGlu
      Nle-Pro-NH2 (10), and pGlu-Leu-Pro-NH2 (3) with a three- or four-membered
      straight or branched alkyl side chain in the position of the central amino acid
      had 2.5 to 10 times stronger anticataleptic effect than TRH, demonstrating that
      the presence of histidine is not essential for the CNS activity. Analogue 9
      exhibited tenfold anticataleptic activity as compared to TRH, and it was found to
      be fully inactive in the release of TSH.

PMID- 6429333
TI  - Troponoids. 6. Troponylpiperazines: a new class of dopamine agonists.
AB  - A series of alkyltroponylpiperazine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for
      dopaminergic activity in rats rendered hypokinetic by the bilateral injection of
      6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the anterolateral hypothalamus. Several members
      of the series were active, and a structure-activity relationship is presented. A
      few selected compounds were also evaluated with regard to their ability to induce
      contralateral rotational behavior in rats with a unilateral 6-OHDA-induced lesion
      of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. The compounds were compared to
      bromocriptine. The results indicate that dopaminergic activity is very sensitive
      to small changes in the troponylpiperazine moiety.

PMID- 6429334
TI  - Involvement of intracellular calcium in the phosphate efflux from mammalian
      nonmyelinated nerve fibers.
AB  - Phosphate efflux was measured as the fractional rate of loss of radioactivity
      from desheathed rabbit vagus nerves after loading with radiophosphate . The
      effects of strategies designed to increase intracellular calcium were
      investigated. At the same time, the exchangeable calcium content was measured
      using 45Ca. Application of calcium ionophore A23187 increased phosphate efflux in
      the presence of external calcium in parallel with an increase in calcium content.
      In the absence of external calcium, there was only a late, small increase in
      phosphate efflux. For nerves already treated with the calcium ionophore, the
      phosphate efflux was sensitive to small changes in external calcium, in the range
      0.2 to 2 mM calcium, whereas similar increases in calcium in absence of ionophore
      gave much smaller increases in phosphate efflux. Removal of external sodium
      (choline substitution) produced an initial increase in phosphate efflux followed
      by a fall. The initial increase in phosphate efflux was much larger in the
      presence of calcium, than in its absence. The difference was again paralleled by
      an increase in calcium content of the preparation, thought to be due to
      inhibition of Na/Ca exchange by removal of external sodium. Measurements of ATP
      content and ATP, ADP, phosphate and creatine phosphate ratios did not indicate
      significant metabolic changes when the calcium content was increased. Stimulation
      of phosphate efflux by an increase in intracellular calcium may be due to
      stimulation of phospholipid metabolism. Alternatively, it is suggested that
      stimulation of phosphate efflux is associated with the stimulation of calcium
      efflux, possibly by cotransport of calcium and phosphate.

PMID- 6429335
TI  - Demonstration of mitochondrial mineral deposits in osteoblasts after anhydrous
      fixation and processing.
AB  - The fine structure of early developing bone was examined using a modification of
      a new non-aqueous processing method in which anhydrous glutaraldehyde dissolved
      in dimethylsulphoxide (GLUT-DMSO) is used as a fixative. Preliminary results show
      that the basic morphological features of the cellular and extracellular
      compartments of developing bone were preserved. The cytoplasm of osteoblasts
      revealed numerous well-preserved mitochondria and other membranous organelles.
      Inside the mitochondria there were large and conspicuous electron-opaque granules
      of mineral which were more prominent and numerous than in specimens prepared by
      conventional aqueous procedures. The collagenous matrix also revealed electron
      opaque deposits of mineral. These results support the evidence for the existence
      of mitochondrial calcium phosphate in osteoblasts in the form of granules.

PMID- 6429336
TI  - Liquid propane jet-freezing, freeze-drying and rotary replication of the
      cytoskeleton and plasma membrane associated structures in human monocytes.
AB  - We have studied the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane associated structures of
      human monocytes using liquid propane jet-freezing, freeze-drying and rotary
      replication. We find that the cytoskeleton of these cells consists mainly of
      actin filaments. The actin filaments were identified by their ability to bind
      myosin sub-fragment S1. A large fraction of these actin filaments radiates from
      dense cytoskeletal foci. The presence of such actin filament rich foci also in
      unfrozen cells was demonstrated using immunofluorescence light microscopic
      techniques. In addition to coated pits a network of thin fibrils (diameter 4-5
      nm) were observed on the protoplasmic side of the plasma membrane facing the
      substrate. These results indicate that liquid propane jet-freezing may represent
      a simple, inexpensive alternative to impact freezing at liquid helium temperature
      for obtaining the high cooling rate necessary for successful freeze-drying and
      rotary replication of cytoskeletal structures.

PMID- 6429337
TI  - Extraction of lipids during freeze-substitution of Acholeplasma laidlawii-cells
      for electron microscopy.
AB  - Cells of the bacterium Acholeplasma laidlawii were rapidly frozen against a
      copper block cooled by liquid helium. The frozen cells were transferred to liquid
      nitrogen and subsequently to acetone or methanol at 183 K. After 24 h the cells
      were infiltrated at 203 K with a non-polar methacrylate resin of the same type as
      Lowicryl HM20. The resin was cured at the same temperature. Acetone extracted
      approximately 5% of the lipid content of the cells, methanol 15-45% and the resin
      only negligible amounts. Similar results were obtained with A. laidlawii-ghosts.
      The cells appeared well preserved when examined in the electron microscope.

PMID- 6429338
TI  - The phylogeny of the hominoid primates, as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization.
AB  - The living hominoid primates are Man, the chimpanzees, the Gorilla, the
      Orangutan, and the gibbons. The cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) are the
      sister group of the hominoids. The composition of the Hominoidea is not in
      dispute, but a consensus has not yet been reached concerning the phylogenetic
      branching pattern and the dating of divergence nodes. We have compared the single
      copy nuclear DNA sequences of the hominoid genera using DNA-DNA hybridization to
      produce a complete matrix of delta T50H values. The data show that the branching
      sequence of the lineages, from oldest to most recent, was: Old World monkeys,
      gibbons, Orangutan, Gorilla, chimpanzees, and Man. The calibration of the delta
      T50H scale in absolute time needs further refinement, but the ranges of our
      estimates of the datings of the divergence nodes are: Cercopithecoidea, 27-33
      million years ago (MYA); gibbons, 18-22 MYA; Orangutan, 13-16 MYA; Gorilla, 8-10
      MYA; and chimpanzees-Man, 6.3-7.7 MYA.

PMID- 6429339
TI  - Evidence for the wide distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in the genus
      Streptomyces.
AB  - Repeated DNA sequences were detected as rapidly reannealing sequences in the
      chromosomal DNA of 13 out of 14 Streptomyces species using either hypochromicity
      measurements or hydroxyapatite chromatography. These sequences made up between
      approximately 4% and 11% of the total DNA of these species; only in Streptomyces
      rimosus were repeated DNA sequences not detected. The repeated sequences fall
      into a number of distinct percentage G + C (%G + C) classes, many being of rather
      low %G + C. Analytical density ultracentrifugation of the DNA of these species
      indicated satellite bands of low %G + C, and high-resolution thermal denaturation
      profiles indicated the presence of blocks of DNA of low G + C content too. No
      such satellite band could be found in Streptomyces coelicolor and no low-%G + C
      DNA could be detected in its thermal denaturation profile. The possible
      relationship of this repeated DNA, an unusual occurrence in a procaryote, to
      genetic instability and genetic control mechanisms in Streptomyces is discussed.

PMID- 6429340
TI  - Nucleotide sequence comparison of the Adh gene in three drosophilids.
AB  - The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene has been isolated from Drosophila simulans
      and D. mauritiana by screening lambda clone libraries of each with a previously
      cloned Adh gene from D. melanogaster. The isolated lambda clones were subcloned
      and partially sequenced to determine the relatedness of these species and to
      examine details of evolutionary change in the structure of the Adh gene. We
      report the sequence of the first 704 nucleotides of each gene as well as 127
      bases in the 5' untranslated region. When these sequences are compared, D.
      melanogaster differs from D. simulans and D. mauritiana by 2.8% and 3.1%,
      respectively. D. simulans and D. mauritiana differ by only 1.8%, implying that
      they are more closely related to each other than either is to D. melanogaster.
      This is consistent with phylogenetic relationships established by a variety of
      genetic, biochemical, and morphological means and illustrates that DNA sequencing
      of a single gene may be used to assess the evolutionary relationships of species.

PMID- 6429341
TI  - Evolution of catalytic proteins or on the origin of enzyme species by means of
      natural selection.
AB  - It is believed that all present-day organisms descended from a common cellular
      ancestor. Such a cell must have evolved from more primitive and simpler
      precursors, but neither their organization nor the route such evolution took are
      accessible to the molecular techniques available today. We propose a mechanism,
      based on functional properties of enzymes and the kinetics of growth, which
      allows us to reconstruct the general course of early enzyme evolution. A
      precursor cell containing very few multifunctional enzymes with low catalytic
      activities is shown to lead inevitably to descendants with a large number of
      differentiated monofunctional enzymes with high turnover numbers. Mutation and
      natural selection for faster growth are shown to be the only conditions necessary
      for such a change to have occurred.

PMID- 6429342
TI  - Differential coupling efficiency of chemically activated amino acid to tRNA.
AB  - Interaction based on possible chemical affinity of an amino acid for tRNA was
      examined as a model for the aminoacylation of primitive tRNA without aid of an
      enzyme system. Two types of reaction were carried out and compared. One was the
      acyl linkage of amino acid to the 5'-terminal phosphate of a tRNA activated as an
      imidazolide. The other was the incorporation of an amino acid activated as an
      imidazolide into 2'(3')-hydroxyl groups of intact tRNA. Both types of reaction
      indicated that none of the amino acids tested had any selectivity for the tRNAs
      examined. However, the rates of reaction with a given tRNA were different among
      amino acids. In the second type of reaction, amino acids were found mainly at
      loop-out regions of tRNA, but not at either its 5'- or 3'-terminal sites.

PMID- 6429343
TI  - Binding constants of phenylalanine for the four mononucleotides.
AB  - Earlier work has shown that several properties of amino acids correlate directly
      with properties of their anticodonic nucleotides. Furthermore, in precipitation
      studies with thermal proteinoids and homopolyribonucleotides, an anticodonic
      preference was displayed between Lys-rich, Pro-rich and Gly-rich thermal
      proteinoids and their anticodonic polyribonucleotides. However, Phe-rich thermal
      proteinoid displayed a preference for its codonic nucleotide, poly U. This
      inconsistency seemed to be explained by a folding in of the hydrophobic residues
      of Phe causing the proteinoid to appear more hydrophilic. The present work used
      nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to resolve a limited question: To which of
      the four nucleotides does Phe bind most strongly? The results show quite clearly
      that Phe binds most strongly to its anticodonic nucleotide, AMP.

PMID- 6429344
TI  - Evolution vs the number of gene copies per primitive cell.
AB  - Computer simulations are presented of the rate at which an advantageous mutant
      would displace the prototype in a replicating system without an accurate
      segregation mechanism. If the number of gene copies in the system is indefinitely
      large, Darwinian evolution is essentially stopped because there is no coupling of
      phenotype with genotype, i.e., there is no growth advantage to the advantageous
      gene relative to the prototype and therefore no "survival of the fittest." The
      inhibition of evolution due to a number of gene copies less than 100 would have
      been not insurmountable. Although the presence of multiple copies would have
      allowed replacement by an advantageous mutant, it provided a way for the
      primitive cell to conserve less immediately useful genes that could evolve into
      different or more effective genes. This possibility was lost as accurate
      segregation mechanisms evolved and cells with few copies of each gene, such as
      modern procaryotes, arose.

PMID- 6429345
TI  - Evolutionary implications of error amplification in the self-replicating and
      protein-synthesizing machinery.
AB  - Evolutionary constraints operating on animal mitochondrial tRNA were estimated to
      be reduced to about 1/30 of those that apply to cytoplasmic tRNA. In the nuclear
      cytoplasmic system, an effect of a mutation in tRNA is likely to be amplified
      through positive feedback loops consisting of DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases,
      ribosomal proteins, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNA processing enzymes, and
      others. This amplification phenomenon is called an "error cascade" and the loops
      that cause it are called "error loops." The freedom of evolutionary change of
      cytoplasmic tRNA is expected to be severely restricted to avoid the error
      cascade. In fact, cytoplasmic tRNA is highly conserved during evolution. On the
      other hand, in the animal mitochondrial system, all of the proteins involved in
      error loops are coded for in the nuclear genome and imported from the cytoplasm,
      and accordingly the system is free from the error cascade. The difference in
      constraints operating on animal tRNA between cytoplasm and mitochondria is
      attributed to the presence or absence of error loops. It is shown that the
      constraints on mitochondrial tRNA in fungi are not as relaxed as those in
      animals. This observation is attributed to the presence of an error loop in
      fungal mitochondria, since at least one protein of the mitochondrial ribosome is
      coded for in the mitochondrial genome of fungi. The evolutionary rates of
      proteins involved in the processing of genetic information are discussed in
      relation to the error cascade.

PMID- 6429346
TI  - A new method for calculating evolutionary substitution rates.
AB  - In this paper we present a new method for analysing molecular evolution in
      homologous genes based on a general stationary Markov process. The elaborate
      statistical analysis necessary to apply the method effectively has been performed
      using Monte Carlo techniques. We have applied our method to the silent third
      position of the codon of the five mitochondrial genes coding for identified
      proteins of four mammalian species (rat, mouse, cow and man). We found that the
      method applies satisfactorily to the three former species, while the last appears
      to be outside the scope of the present approach. The method allows one to
      calculate the evolutionarily effective silent substitution rate (vs) for
      mitochondrial genes, which in the species mentioned above is 1.4 X 10(-8)
      nucleotide substitutions per site per year. We have also determined the
      divergence time ratios between the couples mouse-cow/rat-mouse and rat-cow/rat
      mouse. In both cases this value is approximately 1.4.

PMID- 6429347
TI  - Diagnosis of Hurler's syndrome with chest roentgenogram.
AB  - Hurler's syndrome is usually diagnosed by chemical means; however, characteristic
      roentgenographic findings of "hook-shaped" vertebral bodies or "oar-shaped" ribs
      may be helpful in diagnosing the disorder.

PMID- 6429348
TI  - Penetrating duodenal trauma.
AB  - Ten cases of penetrating injuries to the duodenum are presented. Six injuries
      were treated with primary repair, retrograde decompressing jejunostomy, and
      feeding jejunostomy. There was no postoperative duodenal leak in any patient
      treated with primary repair and retrograde decompressing jejunostomy. In a review
      of 563 cases of penetrating duodenal trauma, the superiority of primary repair of
      duodenal injuries with decompression of the suture line by a tube inserted in a
      remote site of the bowel (stomach or jejunum) was demonstrated. This technique
      afforded the lowest mortality and incidence of postoperative duodenal fistulae.
      When applicable, primary repair with retrograde decompressing jejunostomy and
      feeding jejunostomy is a rapid, simple, and safe method for the treatment of
      penetrating duodenal injuries.

PMID- 6429349
TI  - Malnutrition in malaria endemic villages of Bengkoka Peninsula, Sabah.

PMID- 6429350
TI  - Protein-energy malnutrition in Nigerian children in Savanna belt.

PMID- 6429351
TI  - Imprints of protein energy malnutrition on the skeleton of children.

PMID- 6429352
TI  - Bilateral primary carcinoma of the ureter: topical intraureteral thiotepa.
AB  - We report a rare case of bilateral simultaneous ureteral carcinoma. Management
      included instillation of thiotepa into the remaining ureter via a subcutaneous
      conduit after reoperation for recurrence.

PMID- 6429353
TI  - Susceptibility of pekin and muscovy ducks to Haemoproteus nettionis.
AB  - Domestic muscovy (Caririna moschata) and pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings
      were exposed to or injected with homogenates of Culicoides flies collected at
      White Pine, Michigan. Gametocytes of Haemoproteus nettionis were detected in both
      species of ducks at 16 days post-exposure. Culicoides downesi was indicated as a
      vector of H. nettionis in northern Michigan. Blood infections occurred with a
      higher prevalence and reached a higher intensity in muscovy ducks. Endogenous
      tissue stages of H. nettionis were located in endothelial cells of the lung and
      occasionally in the heart and spleen. Attempts to infect domestic ducklings by
      blood or tissue inoculations from wood ducks (Aix sponsa) infected with H.
      nettionis were not successful, even though schizonts of H. nettionis were seen in
      these wood ducks at necropsy. No morbidity or mortality was observed in any ducks
      infected with H. nettionis.

PMID- 6429354
TI  - Parasites of Chiroptera in Zambia.

PMID- 6429355
TI  - Serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (Alces
      alces) in Quebec.
AB  - Blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in La Verendrye and Matane Reserves
      and in Laurentides Park, Quebec, Canada. Sera were tested for antibodies to
      Brucella abortus, Leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa,
      hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and Francisella tularensis. Fifteen sera
      contained evidence of prior exposure to F. tularensis. Only one animal was a
      seroreactor to L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had
      antibodies to B. abortus.

PMID- 6429356
TI  - Landmark perspective: Landmarks in viral hepatitis.
AB  - Developments in viral hepatitis have been traced from Saul Krugman's distinction
      of two types, MS1 and MS2 (A and B), and Baruch S. Blumberg's discovery of
      Australia antigen. Hepatitis A has been grown in tissue culture, the structure of
      the virus is known, and the acute disease can be diagnosed. Knowledge of the
      molecular biology of the more complex hepatitis B virion has allowed the
      development of an effective vaccine and distinction of replicative and
      nonreplicative stages of infection. Integration, in the hepatocyte, of hepatitis
      B viral DNA into host DNA is the precursor of liver cancer. The infection of
      hepatitis B carriers with another infectious agent, delta, has added a new
      dimension to the problem. Other unidentified causes of hepatitis have been lumped
      together as non-A, non-B, and these remain to be defined and accurately
      diagnosed.

PMID- 6429357
TI  - Reduced serum testosterone and prolactin levels in male distance runners.
AB  - To investigate whether endurance running in men produced basal hormonal changes
      similar to those reported in women, we obtained blood samples from 31 men running
      at least 64 km each week and 18 sedentary controls for measurement of levels of
      total testosterone, non-sex hormone-binding globulin-bound and free testosterone,
      luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and cortisol. The
      mean levels of total and nonspecifically bound testosterone as well as prolactin
      were significantly lower than in controls, although levels remained within the
      physiological range. Other hormone levels were similar in both groups. The
      lowered testosterone and prolactin levels parallel the changes reported in women
      runners.

PMID- 6429358
TI  - Impaired osmoregulation at high altitude. Studies on Mt Everest.
AB  - Osmoregulation was studied in 13 mountaineers who had experienced long-term
      exposure to high altitude on Mt Everest. Serum osmolality rose from 290 +/- 1
      mOsm/kg to 295 +/- 2 mOsm/kg at 5,400 m and finally to 302 +/- 4 mOsm/kg at 6,300
      m after a mean of 26.5 days above 5,400 m. Despite this degree of
      osmoconcentration, plasma arginine-vasopressin concentration remained unchanged:
      1.1 +/-0.1 microU/mL at sea level, 0.8 +/- 0.1 microU/mL at 5,400 m, and 0.9 +/-
      0.1 microU/mL at 6,300 m. Urinary vasopressin excretion was also similar at all
      three altitudes. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high altitude may result
      in persistent impairment of osmoregulation, caused in part by an inappropriate
      arginine-vasopressin response to hyperosmolality.

PMID- 6429359
TI  - Decreased plasma fibronectin during starvation in man.
AB  - This study evaluated the effect of 5 days of starvation followed by 5 days of
      refeeding on immunoreactive plasma and serum fibronectin and associated opsonic
      activity as studied by peritoneal macrophage monolayer bioassay in 12 healthy
      women volunteers. The temporal alteration of fibronectin was compared with the
      serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, and retinol-binding protein levels.
      Fibronectin concentration and opsonic activity were also determined in two
      cachectic patients who were 61 and 78% of their ideal body weight. Prior to
      starvation, plasma fibronectin was 292 +/- 20 micrograms/ml and serum fibronectin
      was 182 +/- 16 in all subjects. After 5 days of starvation, immunoreactive
      fibronectin decreased (p less than 0.05) by 20-25%. This decrease was not great
      enough to impair opsonic activity as tested by the in vitro macrophage assay.
      Starvation caused no decrease in serum albumin or total iron-binding capacity,
      although retinol-binding protein decreased by 35%. During refeeding, subjects
      were randomized to a diet with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) carbohydrate. After 5
      days of refeeding, fibronectin levels were normalized on the carbohydrate
      containing diet, but were still low (82% of normal) on the carbohydrate-free
      diet. Retinol-binding protein did not fully normalize after 5 days of refeeding.
      In the two cachectic patients, fibronectin levels prior to total parenteral
      nutrition were 25 and 75% of normal. Thus, starvation can lower fibronectin
      levels and this protein is rapidly restored with adequate nutrition.

PMID- 6429360
TI  - The choice to treat all, some, or no patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery
      with nutritional support: a decision analysis approach.
AB  - We used decision analysis to compare three strategies for reducing the incidence
      of nutrition-associated complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal
      surgery: treat all patients with nutritional support, treat no patients, or
      perform a test which categorizes patients as high or low risk (treating only the
      high risk patients). We use the model to make management recommendations based on
      current knowledge and to set priorities for future research. The "test strategy"
      is optimal in the majority of cases which we believe are clinically encountered
      when the test involves subjective global assessment of nutritional status on
      admission (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.72) and nutritional support must be
      delivered by a central venous catheter. However, the result is particularly
      sensitive to the predictive properties associated with the test and is less
      sensitive to the effectiveness rate of nutritional support in reducing the
      incidence of postoperative complications. We conclude that in future research
      priority should be given to studying and improving the predictive properties of
      nutritional assessment techniques.

PMID- 6429361
TI  - Manganese content of large-volume parenteral solutions and of nutrient additives.
AB  - Manganese (Mn) was analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a
      variety of commercially produced solutions and additives commonly used in total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN). The amount of Mn in preparations tested varied among
      manufacturers and among lots. It was generally present in very small amounts with
      amino acid preparations supplying the major portion in the TPN formulas. Among
      amino acid solutions, Aminosyn 10% had the highest Mn content (5.2-17.0
      micrograms/liter) with Veinamine 8%, FreAmine II, 8.5%, Travasol 10%, and
      Nephramine having less than 6.7 micrograms/liter. Other large volume parenterals
      contained appreciably less Mn, eg, Dextrose 50% had 0.64-2.5 micrograms/liter.
      Some of the additives were high in Mn, eg, potassium phosphate--280
      micrograms/liter, magnesium sulfate 50%--up to 225 micrograms/liter, and Berocca
      C--245.8 micrograms/liter but their actual contributions to daily TPN intake was
      no more than 3.3 micrograms. The calculated Mn content in TPN formulas with
      varying source materials ranged from 8.07-21.75 micrograms per total daily
      volume. These values agreed with those obtained from analysis of actual TPN
      solutions. The values for 10% Intralipid and 20% Liposyn were 0.5 and 3.0
      micrograms/liter, respectively.

PMID- 6429362
TI  - Selenium status in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Selenium (Se) status was evaluated in patients with intestinal failure requiring
      home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Ninety-two percent of patients (11 of 12)
      studied just prior to starting HPN had low serum Se values, and the mean value
      was 42 ng/ml, significantly less than mean values in disease controls with
      Crohn's disease not on HPN (76 ng/ml) and healthy controls (88 ng/ml). Eighty
      five percent of patients (22 of 26) already on HPN for 2 to 109 months when
      studied had low serum Se levels (mean 38.4 ng/ml). The mean 24-hr urinary Se
      values were 3.7 micrograms in patients on HPN who did not have Crohn's disease,
      10.9 micrograms in HPN patients with Crohn's, and 17.9 micrograms in healthy
      controls. In patients with Crohn's disease on HPN, a significant direct
      correlation existed between serum Se and the activity of whole blood glutathione
      peroxidase, a selenoprotein ; and a significant inverse correlation was found
      between serum Se and months of HPN. This study confirms that Se deficiency is
      very common in patients before starting and during HPN. These data and recent
      reports of cardiomyopathies associated with Se deficiencies in patients on HPN
      increase the importance of proper Se replacement and maintenance.

PMID- 6429363
TI  - The effect of intravenous fat and total parenteral nutrition on biliary
      physiology.
AB  - Patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have an increased
      incidence of gallstones. To determine the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible
      for gallstone formation in these patients, we fed three groups of prairie dogs
      intravenously for 10 days with continuous infusions of isocaloric, isovolemic,
      and isonitrogenous solutions with either 0, 25, or 50% of nonprotein calories
      provided as Intralipid. A fourth group of prairie dogs was hyperalimented with
      the 25% solution for 28 days. Control animals were fed Purina rat Chow ad
      libitum. Each animal's bile salt pool was labeled with iv 3H-cholic acid 16 hr
      prior to collecting gallbladder and hepatic bile specimens. The ratio of
      gallbladder to hepatic bile 3H-cholic acid specific activity (dpm/mol of bile
      acid), an index of gallbladder stasis, was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower
      in TPN animals (less than 0.65 +/- 0.19) compared to controls (1.07 +/- 0.11).
      This finding indicates that gallbladder stasis developed in all animals fed by
      TPN. TPN did not alter gallbladder or hepatic bile lithogenic index. Two of five
      28-day TPN animals developed biliary sludge, and one of these animals formed
      pigment gallstones. TPN without lipid decreased serum cholesterol concentration.
      As the lipid concentration of the TPN solution was increased, serum cholesterol
      increased. These data indicate that TPN induces gallbladder stasis regardless of
      caloric source but does not increase bile lithogenic index despite a dose-related
      rise in serum cholesterol as the percent of calories provided as lipid is
      increased. We conclude that TPN-induced gallbladder disease results from
      gallbladder stasis and not from increased bile cholesterol saturation.

PMID- 6429364
TI  - Relationships between serum total iron-binding capacity and transferrin.
AB  - The relationship between serum transferrin ( TFN ) and serum total iron-binding
      capacity (TIBC) in a clinical setting was evaluated in two related studies. The
      initial study evaluated 101 blood samples representing a cross-section of
      hospitalized adults. The samples were double assayed for TIBC using clinical and
      research methodologies. TFN was assayed by a commercial radial immunodiffusion
      method. Clinical laboratory TIBC correlated well with research laboratory TIBC (r
      = 0.87, slope = 0.97, p less than 0.001, n = 50) and the relationship of TIBC to
      TFN yielded the following equation: TFN = 0.83 TIBC -5.6 (r = 0.82, p less than
      0.001, n = 101) where TFN = mg/100 ml and TIBC = micrograms/100 ml. The second
      study evaluated a new TIBC assay and its effect on the TIBC/ TFN relationship.
      Additionally, the TFN -TIBC relationship was evaluated at low normal and abnormal
      TIBC levels. In this second study, TFN = 1.0 TIBC -18.8 (r = 0.88, p less than
      0.01, n = 126). Subsample analysis for specimens with TIBC between 105 and 160
      showed a TIBC- TFN regression line that was not significantly different than the
      entire sample. Inclusion of ancillary patient data such as hemoglobin and
      hematocrit did not improve the relationship between TFN and TIBC in either study.
      The relationship was unaffected by age, sex, race, disease, treatment, fever,
      surgery, degree of nutritional support, blood transfusion, or blood chemistry
      parameters in either study. Laboratories deriving TFN from measured TIBC as a
      nutritional status indicator must determine the relationship for the specific
      procedures being used in their laboratories.

PMID- 6429365
TI  - Optimal levels of arginine in maintenance intravenous hyperalimentation.
AB  - The optimal levels of arginine (Arg) for growth and immunity were studied in
      mildly depleted, noninjured rats maintained on intravenous hyperalimentation.
      Three groups of S-D rats (eight/group, weighing 275-300 g) underwent catheter
      insertion, 1 day of fasting, and then 7 days of intravenous hyperalimentation
      consisting of 20% dextrose, adequate minerals and vitamins, and three amino acid
      regimens: (1) FreAmine II (1.55 g Arg/liter); (2) FreAmine III (4.05 g
      Arg/liter); (3) experimental (7.5 g Arg/liter). The increase in arginine levels
      was achieved by lowering the glycine levels. There were no differences among the
      groups in terms of body weight gain (6.9 vs 8.3 vs 10.0 g) or in cumulative N
      balance (574 vs 660 vs 642 mg). Liver, spleen, and adrenal weights did not
      differ. Thymus weight was greater in groups B and C: (A) 345 +/- 27 mg vs (B) 445
      +/- 34 mg, p less than 0.05, vs (C) 438 +/- 26 mg, p less than 0.05) as were the
      total number of lymphocytes/thymus (X 10(-9) (A) 0.93 +/- 0.12 vs (B) 1.37 +/-
      0.18, p less than 0.05, vs (C) 1.46 +/- 0.15, p less than 0.05). Mitogen-induced
      thymocyte blastogenesis (cpm) was greatest in group C in response to
      phytohemagglutinin: (A) 9.558 +/- 3,799 vs (B) 20,088 +/- 5,890, NS, vs (C)
      37,234 +/- 6,209, p less than 0.01 vs A and p less than 0.05 vs B) and
      Concanavalin A: (A) 71,035 +/- 15,228 vs (B) 111,734 +/- 15,021, NS, vs (C)
      172,967 +/- 19,861, p less than 0.01 vs A and p less than 0.05 vs B). In the
      intravenous hyperalimentation-maintained noninjured rat ARG concentrations more
      than 1.55 g/liter do not enhance N retention or growth. Larger doses of ARG have
      strong thymic immunostimulatory effects without any toxicity or growth reduction.

PMID- 6429366
TI  - Lipid infusion in premature infants suffering from sepsis.
AB  - In as much as possible side effects attributing to insufficient fat clearance
      with hyperlipemia, parenteral lipid administration to septic premature infants is
      controversial. In this study serum triglyceride and free fatty acid
      concentrations of nine low birth weight infants with septicemia and 21 low birth
      weight infants without septicemia were measured. Acidosis, hypoxia,
      hyperglycemia, and cardiovascular insufficiency were treated before parenteral
      lipid infusion was started. There was no occurrence of septic shock. In the
      course of fat infusion with 3 g/kg body weight per day in low birth weight
      infants without systemic infection we only found triglyceride concentrations of
      1.15 mmol/liter and free fatty acid levels of 1.05 mmol/liter. Premature infants
      with septicemia showed, under fat application of 2 g/kg body weight per day, mean
      triglyceride levels of 1.67 mmol/liter and free fatty acid values of 1.94
      mmol/liter. The highest concentrations occurred at 3 g fat/kg body weight per day
      with triglycerides of 2.02 mmol/liter and free fatty acids of 2.06 mmol/liter.
      They indicate a reduced clearance and support earlier findings of reduced
      utilization of infused fat in premature infants with septicemia. Triglyceride
      concentrations more than 1.7 mmol/liter probably induce an increase of
      phagocytosis of the fat particles with the effect of a partial block of the
      reticuloendothelial system and an impairment of pulmonary diffusion capacity.
      Therefore, we suggest dosages no higher than 2 g fat/kg body weight per day to
      low birth weight infants and we advise to check the triglycerides daily.
      Hypertriglyceridemia implicates an immediate reduction or total interruption of
      the lipid infusion until normal triglyceride values are regained.

PMID- 6429367
TI  - Experimental approach to prevention of catheter-related central venous
      thrombosis.
AB  - The role of catheter material in the formation of deep venous thrombosis during
      parenteral nutrition has been widely emphasized. Systematic venograms show
      central venous thrombosis in 20 to 33% of cases with polyethylene catheters and
      in 4% of cases with silicone catheters. Heparin infusion through the catheter
      diminishes but does not totally eliminate the risk of thrombosis. The aim of this
      study was to define the conditions under which the risk of thrombophlebitis was
      minimal. Four series of experiments were carried out, each on five rabbits.
      Catheters were inserted into the vena cava and, after 10 days, venograms were
      performed. The animals were then sacrificed, and the vena cava was
      macroscopically and microscopically studied. Plastic catheters were used in the
      first series, heparin-Benzalkonium-bonded plastic catheters in the second,
      silicone catheters in the third, and heparin-Benzalkonium-bonded silicone
      catheters in the fourth. The results revealed thrombosis of the vena cava and a
      fibrin sleeve around the catheters in series 1; thrombosis of the vena cava in
      series 2; a fibrin sleeve around the catheters in series 3; and neither
      thrombosis nor a fibrin sleeve in series 4. In conclusion, heparin-Benzalkonium
      bonded silicone catheters appear to provide the best protection against
      thrombophlebitis by reducing the damage caused to the intima by the catheters and
      by slowing down platelet-aggregation around them.

PMID- 6429368
TI  - The estimation of 24-hour urine urea nitrogen excretion from urine collections of
      shorter duration in continuously alimented patients.
AB  - Urine urea nitrogen excreted in 24 hr is used to estimate nitrogen balance in
      patients. Normal diurnal variation of urea excretion may be less pronounced in
      patients alimented continuously, and a urine collection of shorter duration may
      be representative of the 24-hr excretion. Five stabilized trauma center patients
      on continuous enteral or parenteral alimentation were studied with six
      consecutive 4-hr urine collections analyzed for urine urea nitrogen content.
      Excretion rates for various lengths of urine collection were compared with the 24
      hr excretion rate. Urine collections spanning 4 or 8 hr frequently exceeded an
      error of 10% in predicting 24-hr urea nitrogen excretion, while collections of 12
      hr or more had small errors. A comparison of three consecutive 8-hr collections
      was suggestive of diurnal variation existing under these conditions.

PMID- 6429369
TI  - Nutritional support as an adjunct to radiation therapy.
AB  - Patients with malignancies which are treated with therapeutic radiation are at
      risk for nutritional problems, both from their underlying malignancy as well as
      from their treatment. These effects may be acute or chronic and relate to the
      site of the tumor and regions irradiated. There is a large experience with
      nutritional intervention in irradiated patients, including oral feedings and
      enteral and parenteral nutritional support. The indications for the specific
      administration of nutritional support during radiotherapy depend on the
      nutritional status of the patient and the area irradiated, as well as the
      individual prognosis. Patients who are malnourished at the time of treatment are
      most likely to profit from nutritional intervention. To date, prospective
      randomized trials of nutritional support in patients undergoing radiotherapy fail
      to show a benefit of routine adjuvant nutritional intervention in terms of
      improved response and tolerance to treatment, improved local control or survival
      rates, or reduction of complications from therapy.

PMID- 6429370
TI  - Biotin deficiency in a patient with short bowel syndrome during home parenteral
      nutrition.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman with short bowel syndrome was supported with home parenteral
      nutrition. Six months after receiving 2200 kcal/day of balanced home parenteral
      nutrition without biotin, she developed biotin deficiency with complete hair
      loss, eczematous dermatitis, waxy pallor, lethargy, and hypersthesias . Blood and
      urine samples were collected prior to treatment. Serum zinc was 64 micrograms/dl
      (nl 50-150 micrograms/dl), and the triene/tetraene ratio was 0.068 (nl 0.4),
      thereby ruling out zinc and essential fatty acid deficiencies. Serum biotin was
      332 pg/ml (nl 520 +/- 220 pg/ml), and urine biotin was 5.22 ng/mg of creatinine
      (nl 4.3-95 with a mean of 30.2 ng/mg creatinine). The same parenteral nutrition
      regimen was contained and oral biotin was administered (10 mg/day). After 3 wk,
      serum and urine biotin levels were 650 pg/ml and 35.6 ng/mg creatinine,
      respectively. New hair growth was evident and all of her other symptoms resolved.
      Intravenous biotin was then provided (5 mg/day) for a month after which serum and
      urine biotin levels were 1316 pg/ml and 178 ng/mg creatine, respectively. The
      patient has been subsequently maintained on an intravenous multivitamin product
      containing 60 micrograms biotin per daily dose and remains free of signs and
      symptoms of biotin deficiency.

PMID- 6429371
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition using shunts.
AB  - Most workers have found use of shunts unworkable as a means of access for home
      parenteral nutrition. Our experience using arteriovenous loop vein grafts for
      this purpose is described including any problems encountered. One shunt could not
      be established. In four other patients arteriovenous loop vein grafts have been
      used successfully. They are in our opinion superior to indwelling catheters as a
      means of access in long-term patients.

PMID- 6429372
TI  - Cholestasis associated with parenteral nutrition develops more commonly with
      hematologic malignancy than with inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6429373
TI  - Outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis nosocomial infections in patients
      receiving total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6429374
TI  - Facial nerve paralysis.

PMID- 6429375
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy in Pakistan.

PMID- 6429376
TI  - Bacterial pneumonias.

PMID- 6429377
TI  - Incidence of typical and atypical mycobacteria in pulmonary infections at Lahore-
      a study of 500 cases.

PMID- 6429378
TI  - Chemical pleurodesis with tetracycline--a short term follow up.

PMID- 6429379
TI  - Oral prophylaxis of bronchial asthma in children.

PMID- 6429380
TI  - Bladder stone disease in children: clinical studies.

PMID- 6429381
TI  - Differential leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAPA) in chronic myeloid
      leukaemia (CML) and myeloid leukemoid reaction (MLR).

PMID- 6429382
TI  - Fat embolism.

PMID- 6429383
TI  - Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6429384
TI  - Role of infection in bladder stone disease in children.

PMID- 6429385
TI  - Combination of malaria and visceral leishmaniasis in a child of two years.

PMID- 6429387
TI  - [Effects of FOY on lysosomes in hemorrhagic hypotension--a histological
      analysis].

PMID- 6429386
TI  - Serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles after onset of acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins in serum following onset of
      acute myocardial infarction were measured periodically in eleven patients for 28
      days. Significant and sustained decrease in the concentration of HDL-cholesterol
      was observed by the seventh days post-infarction and remained low throughout the
      remainder of the study. The concentration of apo A-I and apo A-II assayed by
      electroimmunoassay was significantly low by 4th and 5th days post-infarction,
      remained low until day 10 and then began to increase but were not back to the
      initial values by 28 days post-infarction. Apo B, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E levels
      remained unchanged throughout the course. The concentrations of total
      cholesterol, triglycerides tended to fall reaching the lowest levels on day 7 and
      10, but were not significant. The concentration of serum phospholipids level
      tended to decrease and fall significantly by day 7 and 10. The concentration of
      the free fatty acids in the serum was elevated during the first 2 days post
      infarction and was within the normal range throughout the remainder of the study.

PMID- 6429388
TI  - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency clinical tests--panic
      values of blood gases and acid-base equilibrium].

PMID- 6429389
TI  - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency clinical tests--blood
      sugar].

PMID- 6429390
TI  - [EDTA reduces avidity of anti-CRP sera].

PMID- 6429391
TI  - [Changes in sex hormones due to irradiation to the ovaries].

PMID- 6429392
TI  - [Two cases of malignant hemangioendothelioma].

PMID- 6429393
TI  - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 3. Artificial lung].

PMID- 6429394
TI  - [IgG, IgA and IgM levels in human seminal plasma. Forensic immunological studies
      of body fluids and secretions, report XX].

PMID- 6429395
TI  - Bm: report of a family with review of literature.

PMID- 6429396
TI  - [Continuous care of an expectant patient with ileus by central venous
      hyperalimentation].

PMID- 6429397
TI  - Combination of hepatic arterial infusion and systemic chemotherapy for gastric
      cancer with synchronous hepatic metastases.
AB  - Between 1964 and 1981, seventy-two Japanese patients with gastric cancer
      associated with hepatic metastases, in whom the primary tumor had been resected,
      were treated in a nonrandomized manner at the Second Department of Surgery,
      Kyushu University Hospital. Fourteen received hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of
      5-FU and Mitomycin C (MMC) combined with systemic chemotherapy, 26 combination
      systemic chemotherapy of MMC, Futraful and PSK, 18 single drug (MMC) therapy, and
      14 no chemotherapy. The average survival was 264 days in HAI combined with
      systemic chemotherapy, 208 in the combination systemic chemotherapy, 156 in the
      single drug therapy and 135 in those given no chemotherapy. One year survival and
      nine month survival rates were 21.4 per cent and 42.9 per cent in HAI combined
      with systemic chemotherapy, 11.5 per cent and 19.2 per cent in the combination
      systemic chemotherapy, 5.6 per cent and 11.1 per cent in the single drug therapy
      and 7.1 per cent and 14.3 per cent in the no chemotherapy group, respectively
      (HAI vs single drug therapy and no chemotherapy, p less than 0.01). Five of 14
      patients treated with HAI combined with systemic chemotherapy showed a partial
      response (greater than 50 per cent reduction in tumor size), and the average
      survival time was 335 days, while that of nonresponders was 224 days. Six of 14
      patients treated with combination infusion therapy with MMC and 5-FU survived 314
      days, as compared to 201 days for patients with infusion of 5-FU alone.

PMID- 6429398
TI  - Perfusion preservation of cadaver rat pancreas: II. Culture after perfusion and
      successful transplantation.
AB  - We designed a new process for culturing pancreatic islets and applied this method
      to cultures of rat pancreatic islets which had degenerated during preservation by
      the perfusion-method for 6 hours under the condition of hypothermia and
      oxygenation. The objective was to determine the extent of the original function.
      Transplantation of these so-treated islets was also attempted. When pancreatic
      islets isolated from the pancreas after 6-hour-perfusion were cultured,
      morphological restoration was apparent within the first 3-4 days. Insulin
      contents of the culture media renewed every 3 days, ranged from 851 to 1,134
      microU/ml/two islets during culture period of 21 days. In the glucose-loading
      test, insulin secretion of the islets was the same as that of islets in the
      control experiments. Transplantation of these islets into the portal vein of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats resulted in a good recovery from the
      diabetic state.

PMID- 6429399
TI  - Combined cytotoxic and endocrine therapy for human breast carcinoma (Br-10)
      serially transplanted into nude mice.
AB  - Cytotoxic and endocrine therapy on a human breast carcinoma (Br-10) serially
      transplanted into nude mice was given with reference to the sequence of drug
      administration. Mitomycin C (MMC) was combined with 2.5 mg/kg of tamoxifen (TAM).
      MMC was dissolved in 0.2 ml of physiological saline and administered
      intraperitoneally once weekly. TAM was dissolved in 0.1 ml of sesame oil and
      administered intramuscularly twice weekly. Both drugs were administered in the
      reverse sequence for 2 or 3 weeks. Cytosol estrogen receptor (ERc), nuclear
      estrogen receptor (ERn) and progesterone receptor (PgR), and 3H-thymidine uptake
      labeling index (L.I.) were assayed after the treatment. When 1.5 mg/kg of MMC was
      combined with TAM, statistically significant differences were nil between the
      different sequential administrations. When the MMC administration was reduced to
      0.75 mg/kg and 2 weeks, respectively, the MMC----TAM sequence was more effective
      than the reversed sequential administration. MMC preserved ERc and depressed L.I.
      to almost half of that of the control tumor. TAM generated the ER systems and
      slightly depressed L.I. These different modes of action between MMC and TAM on ER
      systems and L.I. may explain the antitumor effects of different sequential
      administrations.

PMID- 6429400
TI  - [Effect of slime on phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human pulmonary
      alveolar macrophages].

PMID- 6429401
TI  - [Actions of beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: their effects
      on penicillin-binding proteins and on bactericidal activity of macrophages].

PMID- 6429403
TI  - [59th general meeting of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis. 8-9 April 1984,
      Tokyo, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 6429402
TI  - DL-Serine: promoting activity on renal tumorigenesis by N-ethyl-N
      hydroxyethylnitrosamine in rats.
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of DL-serine increased the number and size of renal
      tubular cell tumors in male W rats treated with 500 or 1,000 ppm N-ethyl-N
      hydroxyethylnitrosamine [(EHEN) CAS: 13147-25-6, 2-(ethylnitrosamino)ethanol]. At
      the end of the 32-week experiment, the incidences of renal tumors were 95% in
      rats treated with 1,000 ppm EHEN for 2 weeks and then given three sc injections
      of DL-serine every 2 weeks, 33% in rats treated with 1,000 ppm EHEN for 2 weeks,
      and 28% in rats treated with 500 ppm EHEN for 2 weeks and then given three sc
      injections of DL-serine every 2 weeks. No renal tumors were found in rats treated
      with 500 ppm EHEN alone or given three sc injections of DL-serine alone every 2
      weeks.

PMID- 6429404
TI  - Malnutrition as the main factor in morbidity and mortality of hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - We evaluated the nutritional status of 120 hemodialysis patients using the urea
      kinetic model. Protein catabolic rate (PCR), an indirect measurement of dietary
      protein intake, and urea volume of distribution were calculated. Their mid-week
      predialysis BUN was targeted at 80 +/- 10 mg/dl. The risk factors for chronic
      hemodialysis patients were analyzed, and since the diabetic patients were
      unevenly distributed we took them out of the study. This report thus comprises 98
      patients distributed in four groups according to their mean PCR and BUN: group 1,
      mean PCR of 0.63 g/kg/day and BUN of 51 mg/dl; group 2, mean PCR of 0.93 g/kg/day
      and BUN of 60 mg/dl; group 3, mean PCR of 1.02 g/kg/day and BUN of 79 mg/dl;
      group 4, mean PCR of 1.2 g/kg/day and BUN of 96 mg/dl. Patients in group 1 had a
      higher morbidity (number of hospitalizations and number of days in the hospital
      per patient per year) and a higher mortality (percent per year). The most common
      causes of hospitalization were infection and congestive heart failure. This group
      also had an unusually high incidence of pericarditis. Because their risk factors
      were similar to the other groups, the data suggest that malnutrition was the main
      cause of these patients' high morbidity and mortality. These patients must be
      considered at high risk and should be treated aggressively.

PMID- 6429405
TI  - Nutritional requirements for patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD) may be prone to develop protein depletion. This paper reviews
      data concerning glucose uptake, protein and amino acid losses, and nitrogen and
      mineral balances in clinically stable adult CAPD patients. Approximately 70% of
      the glucose instilled with dialysate was absorbed, and the glucose absorbed
      provided approximately 8 kcal/kg/day to the patient. Serum total protein and
      albumin losses into dialysate averaged 8.8 +/- (SEM) 0.5 and 5.7 +/- 0.4 g/day,
      respectively. The quantity of free amino acids removed with dialysis was less,
      3.4 +/- 0.3 g/day. The balance studies suggest that a safe dietary protein
      allowance for clinically stable CAPD patients who are ingesting high energy diets
      is 1.2 to 1.3 g/kg/day. Tentative dietary allowances for other nutrients in
      clinically stable CAPD patients are proposed.

PMID- 6429406
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition with high or low nitrogen intakes in patients with
      acute renal failure.
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess the clinical and metabolic responses to total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with acute renal failure who could not be
      nourished adequately through the enteral tract. The TPN provided either about 21
      g/day of essential amino acids (EAA) or a larger quantity of essential and
      nonessential amino acids (ENAA); the ratio of essential to nonessential amino
      acids in the latter preparation was 1.0:1.0. Attempts were made to give
      sufficient ENAA nitrogen to equal or slightly exceed the urea nitrogen appearance
      (UNA). Five patients were randomly assigned to receive TPN with EAA (2.3 g of
      nitrogen per day) and six patients to receive ENAA (11.3 g of nitrogen per day).
      Hypotension with trauma or infarcted intestine was the cause of acute renal
      failure in 10 of the 11 patients. Three of the five patients receiving EAA
      recovered renal function, and two survived. In the patients receiving ENAA, as
      compared with those given EAA, UNA was significantly greater (14 +/- 7.4 [SD] vs.
      7.5 +/- 3.0 g/day; P less than 0.01), and nitrogen balance, estimated from the
      difference between intake nitrogen and UNA was slightly, but not significantly,
      less negative (-3.0 +/- 4.0 vs. -5.2 +/- 2.9 g of nitrogen per day). These
      preliminary findings suggest that in comparison to TPN with EAA, there is no
      advantage to larger amounts of ENAA (76 +/- 13 g/day). Studies are indicated to
      assess whether a multifaced approach using TPN with ENAA and possibly a larger
      proportion of the branched-chain amino acids, higher energy intakes, anabolic
      agents, and continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration will improve morbidity and
      mortality in patients with acute renal failure.

PMID- 6429407
TI  - Intracellular amino acids in uremia.
AB  - Uremia is characterized by a specific intracellular amino acid (AA) pattern in
      muscle, which is not consistently reflected by that in plasma. Our results with
      different AA formulas indicate that abnormal intracellular AA concentrations can
      be corrected by nutritional therapy that adjusts for the specific AA
      abnormalities of uremia. Normalization of the intracellular free AA pools may be
      associated with improved nitrogen utilization. This implies that uremic patients
      require EAA in other proportions than those needed by normal man. Determination
      of intracellular free AA in muscle tissue obtained by needle biopsy technique is
      a valuable tool in tailoring AA supplement to uremic patients. Based on the above
      observations, our tentative recommendations would be that in patients treated
      with a low-protein diet, this should be supplemented with an EAA mixture
      containing tyrosine and with increased proportion of valine and decreased
      proportion of leucine as compared to those recommended for normal man. The
      nutritional effect of supplementation with valine should be studied in patients
      on hemodialysis, in whom reduced valine pools were found in spite of a protein
      intake of 1 g/kg/day.

PMID- 6429408
TI  - Acetate and energy metabolism during hemodialysis.
AB  - The oxidation of acetate infused in acetate infused in large quantities during
      acetate dialysis should provide considerable energy for the hemodialysis patient.
      Previous attempts to measure acetate oxidation rate and thus energy yield by
      measuring bicarbonate generation rate are flawed because bicarbonate generation
      occurs by equimolar proton consumption when acetate is activated to acetyl Co-A
      but before acetyl Co-A has entered the Krebs cycle. Besides the Krebs cycle,
      acetyl Co-A could enter many other nonoxidative pathways. By using the primed
      continuous infusion radioisotope (1-14C acetate) dilution technique of Steele, in
      conjunction with indirect calorimetry, we obtained direct measurements of acetate
      turnover and immediate oxidation rates and energy yield in 7 stable hemodialysis
      patients. Commercial dialysate contained glucose (12.4 mmoles/liter), acetate (38
      mmoles/liter), plus routine electrolytes. Acetate turnover was 57.2 +/- 2.9
      mumoles/min X kg. Of the acetate entering the body, 31.6 +/- 3.8 mumoles/min X kg
      were immediately oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, which accounted for 54.4
      +/- 5.2% of the turnover rate. The amount that entered the blood was 869 mmoles,
      and 472 mmoles (54.4%) were oxidized; 138 mmoles (15.8%) made up the steady-state
      pool, and 258 mmoles were directed into nonoxidative pathways (29.7%). During
      dialysis, 40.3 +/- 4.8% of the carbon dioxide output or metabolic rate was
      accounted for by acetate oxidation. Thus, acetate emerged as the major
      contributor to energy production, supplying up to 65% of the total caloric needs
      during dialysis. The RQ calculated from the lung carbon dioxide excretion was
      0.74 +/- 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429409
TI  - [Suppurative infection in diabetic patients].

PMID- 6429410
TI  - [Long-term proteolysis in the complex treatment of pleural empyema].

PMID- 6429411
TI  - [Specific immunity in patients with suppurative processes in the abdominal
      cavity].

PMID- 6429412
TI  - [Diverticulosis of the duodenum with 2 case reports].

PMID- 6429413
TI  - [Dynamics of indices of acid-base equilibrium of the blood and blood gases
      following prolonged peridural analgesia in children with peritonitis].

PMID- 6429414
TI  - [Drowning accidents in childhood].
AB  - This paper reviews the pathophysiology and therapy of the multiorgan failure
      which occurs with submersion injury of children. First, the influence of
      hypothermia, the pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurologic and renal changes and the
      blood gas, acid-base and bloodvolume and serum electrolyte disturbances are
      discussed in detail. The therapeutic procedures are separated in the
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the scene of the accident and in the management
      of the children within the hospital where all near-drowned children should be
      taken. The intensity of the treatment at the hospital depends on the level of
      consciousness and on the respiratory and cardiovascular problems of the near
      drowned child. For the treatment of comatose children with abnormal patterns of
      respiration and cardiovascular derangements the routine management and a more
      aggressive approach to therapy are presented. The rational for the aggressive
      therapy is to improve cerebral salvage. The urgency for an extensive monitoring
      system is underlined.

PMID- 6429415
TI  - [Quantitative aberrations in serum immunoglobulins in children with acute viral
      hepatitis].
AB  - Serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were determined by LASER nephelometry in 134
      patients with acute viral hepatitis. Different types of hepatitis were
      serologically differentiated by radioimmunoassays. 102 patients had hepatitis A,
      27 patients hepatitis B and 5 hepatitis non-A-non-B infections. 30 patients with
      hepatitis A and 9 with hepatitis B were checked in a follow-up-study. The IgA
      levels showed the least changes and were found to be within normal range in over
      75% in hepatitis types A and B. On the other hand, IgG levels and - to a greater
      extent - IgM levels were found to be elevated in a great number of these
      patients. Levels below the 2s-range were found only rarely. Children with
      hepatitis B had elevated IgG and IgM in 44,4% and 33,3% of the cases. In patients
      with hepatitis A IgG level elevations (above 2s-range) were found in 44,2% and
      IgM level elevations in 96, 1% of the cases. No significant differences were
      found between the age Groups 0-1 year, 1-2, 3-5, 6-8 and 9-15 years of patients
      with hepatitis A regarding their serum immunoglobulin levels. 14 days after
      diagnosis a decrease of the elevated IgM was found in patients with hepatitis A
      parallel to an increase in the IgG values. No significant changes were observed
      in patients with hepatitis B. The IgA levels remained constant both in patients
      with hepatitis A and B infections. For hepatitis non-A-non-B a statistical
      evaluation was not possible due to the small number of patients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429416
TI  - [Hormonal homeostasis in the pre- and postoperative period of stomach cancer
      patients].

PMID- 6429417
TI  - [DRGs' influence on nursing activities].

PMID- 6429418
TI  - [Nursing personnel put in a stake for better health].

PMID- 6429419
TI  - [Practical education in nursing for professional novices].

PMID- 6429420
TI  - [Nursing care is the product--documentation is the proof].

PMID- 6429421
TI  - [Disturbed physical function or a sick person? Comprehensive care and
      qualification effectively improve also the mental well-being of the patients].

PMID- 6429422
TI  - ["Information Day"--a method for public relations also in community nursing].

PMID- 6429423
TI  - [History of psychiatry. Relations with mental patient--yesterday and today. 1].

PMID- 6429424
TI  - [Nursing in the framework of hospital legislation and hospital financing].

PMID- 6429425
TI  - [Nursing care planning and nursing care documentation in community nursing].

PMID- 6429426
TI  - [Tt shouldn't always be rubbing alcohol. Presentation of a professional seminar
      for nursing personnel].

PMID- 6429427
TI  - [Quality of work in the O.R].

PMID- 6429428
TI  - [The status of foreign personnel in the O.R].

PMID- 6429429
TI  - [Disposable drapes in practice. Report of an experience].

PMID- 6429430
TI  - [Practical insertion of course participants in continued education for O.R.
      service. Task of nursing administration or task of nursing management of
      continued education].

PMID- 6429431
TI  - [Hygienic conditions in activities in the O.R. as examplified from O.R.
      practice].

PMID- 6429433
TI  - [Standardization in the field of sterile materials provision].

PMID- 6429432
TI  - [History of psychiatry. Relations with psychiatric patients - yesterday and
      today. 2].

PMID- 6429434
TI  - Immune functions in methylmalonicaciduria.
AB  - A variety of phagocytic cell and lymphocyte assays were employed to evaluate the
      immune status of four patients with methylmalonicaciduria . One patient had a
      depressed absolute granulocyte count and two patients had depressed neutrophil
      and monocyte chemotactic responses. All subjects had normal neutrophil phagocytic
      and bactericidal activities. One patient had a decreased T-cell number;
      blastogenic responses to phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were normal in
      all subjects. B lymphocyte measurements were variably abnormal; two children had
      decreased B-cell numbers; two had marginally decreased IgG levels; a third had an
      undetectable rubella titre; and two had elevated serum IgE concentrations. In
      vitro exposure of normal cells to methylmalonic acid concentrations up to 50
      mg/100 ml did not affect chemotactic or lymphoproliferative responses. In
      conclusion, although B-cell function may be affected, no consistent abnormality
      of lymphocyte or phagocytic cell functions could be attributed to the metabolic
      disorder.

PMID- 6429435
TI  - Stable isotope dilution analysis of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in amniotic fluid:
      contribution to the prenatal diagnosis of inherited disorders of leucine
      catabolism.
AB  - A quantitative assay for 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in amniotic fluid was developed
      using D6-3-hydroxyisovaleric acid as an internal standard. 3-Hydroxyisovaleric
      acid was isolated by liquid partition chromatography and the amount determined by
      selected ion monitoring, ammonia chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The concentration of 3
      hydroxyisovaleric acid in ten normal amniotic fluid was 4.52 +/- 1.73 mumol/l.
      The level was elevated eight-fold in the amniotic fluid from a pregnancy
      resulting in the birth of a child with biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase
      deficiency. The stable isotope dilution assay of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in
      amniotic fluid is a rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the prenatal
      diagnosis of this disorder, and may be of value in the prenatal diagnosis of
      other inherited disorders of leucine catabolism.

PMID- 6429436
TI  - Molecular basis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency lacking enzyme protein.
AB  - We report an ornithine transcarbamylase(OTC)-deficient male patient who had no
      detectable immunoreactive materials but did have active mRNA for OTC-related
      protein. The total absence of OTC activity in the liver of the patient was caused
      by a complete lack of immunoreactive material, as determined by Ouchterlony
      double immunodiffusion, single radial immunodiffusion, and sodium dodecylsulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitate and of liver homogenate.
      However, mRNA coding for the precursor of OTC was clearly detected in autopsy
      specimens of the patient's liver as well as of controls in a cell-free
      translation system consisting of rabbit reticulocyte lysates and [35S]methionine.
      The labelled precursor of OTC synthesized in vitro with mRNA from the patient
      could be transported into rat liver and kidney mitochondria and processed to form
      a protein with a molecular weight indistinguishable from mature OTC, suggesting
      that there was no defect in the protein structure necessary for its transport
      into mitochondria. These results suggest that the primary defect of the OTC
      deficiency was located in the structural gene and that the labile OTC-related
      protein, after being synthesized with its mRNA, was degraded too rapidly to be
      detected by the method used.

PMID- 6429437
TI  - Dichloroacetate in the treatment of congenital lactic acidosis.

PMID- 6429438
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip: a possible inborn error of collagen
      metabolism.
AB  - Significant changes in the type of collagen, the fibril diameter and the nature
      of the crosslinks have been demonstrated in the joint capsules of subjects with
      congenital displacement of the hip (CDH). These changes are probably tissue
      specific since no detectable change could be observed in the skin of these
      subjects compared to controls. These preliminary biochemical studies clearly
      demonstrate that CDH involves an error in collagen metabolism.

PMID- 6429439
TI  - Substrate specificity of manganese-activated prolidase in control and prolidase
      deficient cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts have a single enzyme, Mn2+-activated prolidase, that hydrolyses
      a range of amino acid-proline dipeptides. Two cases of prolidase deficiency
      showed a marked loss of activity against glycyl-proline irrespective of Mn2+
      conditions. However, the abnormal enzyme showed only moderate reductions in
      activity against phenylalanyl-, alanyl-, and leucyl-proline following
      preincubation with Mn2+ or addition of Mn2+ with the substrate. Control prolidase
      was stable to prolonged preincubation with Mn2+, whereas the abnormal prolidase
      was progressively inactivated. The findings indicate, for at least the present
      two cases, that prolidase deficiency results from an altered rather than a marked
      reduction in the amount of normal enzyme.

PMID- 6429440
TI  - Multiple sulphatase deficiency in homozygotic twins.
AB  - Multiple sulphatase deficiency was studied in 3 siblings--one pair of monozygotic
      twins and their sister. The children's psychomotor development was arrested at
      the age of 18 to 24 months, and the hypotonic syndrome combined with signs of
      spasticity appeared. There was marked hepatosplenomegaly, conspicuously dry scaly
      skin with the decortication syndrome developing and persisting in the presence of
      pronounced cachexia. Also present were numerous X-ray abnormalities,
      metachromatically staining granules in the urine, and Alder- Reilly 's bodies in
      the blood leukocytes and in specimens of bone marrow. Liver, skin and muscle
      biopsies performed simultaneously revealed accumulations of water-soluble
      mucopolysaccharides and deposits of sulphatides in the two twins. Enzyme assays
      demonstrated arylsulphatase A and B deficiency. The diagnosis was subsequently
      confirmed at all the three siblings' postmortem examinations.

PMID- 6429441
TI  - Biochemical and clinical changes in Wilson's disease heterozygotes.
AB  - This paper reports on a study of the heterozygous children of patients with
      Wilson's disease. A total of 16 children of 10 patients with the disease were
      followed up. Detailed biochemical, clinical and EEG tests were done. Nearly all
      the children were found to have reduced serum copper and caeruloplasmin levels
      and high rates of urine copper excretion following exposure to penicillamine.
      These findings were different from the results obtained in adult heterozygous
      carriers. Thirty per cent of the children had pathological neurological findings,
      and EEG abnormalities were found in 75%.

PMID- 6429442
TI  - Serum and hair zinc as predictors of clinical symptoms in acrodermatitis
      enteropathica.
AB  - Hair- and serum-zinc concentrations were measured in six patients with
      acrodermatitis enteropathica before and sequentially after cessation of zinc
      supplementation; supplementation was restarted when symptoms appeared. Serum zinc
      correlated accurately with zinc dosage and was lowest when symptoms of deficiency
      appeared. Hair zinc was initially age- and body size-related and was minimally
      influenced by the supplementation break. Adult patients had continuously normal
      concentrations. In paediatric patients hair zinc was low. Their serum
      concentrations should probably be maintained slightly above or at the upper limit
      of reference values for prolonged periods for normalization of hair and perhaps
      tissue zinc contents.

PMID- 6429443
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of argininaemia. Characteristics of arginase in human
      erythrocytes and tissues.

PMID- 6429444
TI  - The pH of mitochondria of fibroblasts from a hyperornithinaemia, hyperammonaemia,
      homocitrullinuria-syndrome patient.
AB  - The intracellular pH of control fibroblasts and of fibroblasts of a HHH -syndrome
      patient have been determined. Values of 6.94 +/- 0.15 and 7.05 +/- 0.14 for
      control and patient fibroblasts, respectively, were found. By means of analyses
      of malate in the cytosolic and particulate fractions of the fibroblasts the
      differences in pH between these two cellular compartments were estimated to be
      1.34 +/- 0.12 and 1.38 +/- 0.18 for control and patient, respectively. Neither
      difference was statistically significant. The decrease in the rate of ornithine
      uptake by mitochondria of the patient's fibroblast is therefore not due to an
      increased intramitochondrial pH.

PMID- 6429445
TI  - Distribution of fluid in bronchovascular bundles with permeability lung edema
      induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea in dogs. A morphometric study.
AB  - We utilized light microscopic morphometry to examine the distribution of fluid in
      bronchovascular bundles of different sizes. Permeability edema was induced in 10
      anesthetized dogs with 27 mg/kg of alpha-naphthylthiourea. Eight dogs served as
      controls. After moderately severe edema, diagnosed on chest radiographs and with
      decreasing arterial pO2, lobes were fixed with glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde or
      by freeze substitution. Postmortem wet weight to dry weight ratios were 7.82 +/-
      0.62 (mean +/- SE) in the edematous lungs and 4.38 +/- 0.25 in the controls.
      Bronchovascular bundles were photographed and grouped as follows: bundles
      composed of separated arteries and bronchioles, bundles with connected arteries
      and bronchioles, and bundles with connected arteries and bronchi. The
      transparencies were projected on a tablet interfaced to a computer and the
      following areas were determined: T, the total bundle area; V, the vessel (artery)
      area; B, the airway (bronchiole or bronchus) area; A1, the tight periarterial
      adventitial sheath area; A2, the loose periarterial interstitial area; and A3,
      the bronchiolar/bronchial interstitial area. In addition, edema ratios for
      arteries (A2/V) and airways (A3/B) were calculated. We found that (a) A1 was very
      small and did not change with edema; (b) A2 in all bundles increased 10-fold with
      edema (p less than 0.01), whereas A3 increased 2- to 3-fold; (c) A2/V increased 9
      to 15-fold in the edematous bundles (p less than 0.01) and (d) A3/B did not
      change in separated bundles (p greater than 0.05) but was approximately double
      after edema in the connected bundles with bronchioles and bronchi (p less than
      0.01). We conclude that edema in bronchovascular bundles accumulates
      preferentially in the loose periarterial interstitium and does not appear to
      accumulate around smaller bronchioles. These data may be explained by anatomical
      factors and by gradients of interstitial pressure.

PMID- 6429446
TI  - Exposure to glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 6429447
TI  - Patient assessment as a tool for use in long-term care.

PMID- 6429448
TI  - A trial of adjuvant combination chemoimmunotherapy for stage III carcinoma of
      stomach.
AB  - A chemoimmunotherapy program designed on the basis of experimental results was
      administered to 27 patients with stage III carcinoma of stomach following
      curative resection. The treatment regimen consisted of active immunotherapy with
      Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN)-treated autologous tumor cells admixed with
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy with drugs such as
      cyclophosphamide (CY), mitomycin C (MMC), and 5-fluorouracil (FU) which proved to
      enhance the immune response when administered at optimal dose and timing. Then,
      it was followed by long-term administration of tegafur (FT) and immunomodulators.
      This treatment significantly improved survival when compared to that of 41
      historical control patients treated with surgery alone (P less than 0.001). As
      compared to 31 control patients concurrently treated with a bolus dose of MMC
      followed by long-term FT and immunomodulators, survival had a tendency, but not
      significantly, to be improved in patients treated with this therapy (P less than
      0.1). However, the survival rate at 4.5 years was significantly higher than that
      of control patients (P less than 0.01). These results appeared to show that this
      type of adjuvant combination chemoimmunotherapy may be of benefit for this group
      of patients with gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 6429449
TI  - The pathophysiology of the jejunal conduit syndrome and its exacerbation by
      parenteral hyperalimentation.
AB  - Supravesical urinary diversion using a jejunal conduit may be associated with
      hyponatremia, hypochloremic-acidosis, hyperkalemia, azotemia, and a clinical
      picture of nausea, vomiting, dehydration, muscular weakness, elevated
      temperature, and lethargy. This syndrome is secondary to the loss of sodium
      chloride into the urine passing through the conduit and absorption of potassium
      and urea from it. Treatment and prevention of this syndrome consist of adequate
      supplements of sodium chloride and hydration. Intravenous hyperalimentation as
      the precipitating factor of a severe form of this syndrome and its successful
      management are described. The pathophysiology of the jejunal conduit syndrome is
      also discussed. Great selectivity and extreme caution are recommended with
      respect to the use of intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with jejunal
      conduits.

PMID- 6429450
TI  - [Neuroendocrine effects of a sodium valproate and diazepam combination in the
      male rat].
AB  - The effects of chronic administration of sodium valproate (200 mg/Kg/d i.p.) and
      diazepam (5 mg/Kg/d i.m.) alone or in association on the plasma levels of the
      pituitary hormones (prolactin, FSH and LH) were studied in the m ale rat. Sodium
      valproate increases prolactin plasma levels. This effect is antagonized by
      diazepam. Both molecules do not affect FSH levels, whereas they increase LH
      levels when given alone or in association. This pharmacological data state
      precisely the hypothalamohypophysiotropic effects of valproate and diazepam
      during its association.

PMID- 6429451
TI  - A new sensitive fluorometric method for measurement of vascular permeability.
AB  - A sensitive fluorometric method has been developed for the measurement of
      vascular permeability in carrageenin air-pouch inflammation in rats. Fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (F-BSA) was used as a tracer. This
      fluorometric method is as simple and reliable as the method using radioiodine
      labeled human serum albumin and has the advantages of low cost, no health hazard,
      and the fact that F-BSA can be stored over a long period. This fluorometric
      method is probably applicable to other inflammation models such as pleurisy and
      peritonitis in which inflammatory exudate can be collected.

PMID- 6429452
TI  - Characterization of various antiallergic agents using a new method for inducing
      systemic anaphylaxis in the rat.
AB  - Five different types of antiallergic agents were studied using a newly developed
      method for inducing IgE-mediated bronchial and cardiovascular anaphylaxis in the
      rat. With the exception of the histamine H1 antagonist mepyramine (no activity at
      all), each antiallergic tested showed a different and characteristic profile of
      antiallergic activity. Prednisolone and the SRS-A antagonist FPL 55712 protected
      the rats completely against mortality, whereas cromoglycate and ketotifen offered
      only partial protection. The cardiovascular events were favorably influenced by
      FPL 55712 and cromoglycate, but ketotifen was completely ineffective in this
      respect. However, ketotifen showed the highest activity in suppressing the
      antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, followed by cromoglycate and prednisolone,
      whereas FPL 55712 was practically inactive. It can be concluded that the
      antiallergic activity of various types of antiallergics can be characterized and
      differentiated by means of this highly reproducible method.

PMID- 6429453
TI  - Time series analysis of neuronal signals recorded in the cerebellum of trained
      monkeys.
AB  - Recordings from cerebellar neurones have been made in monkeys trained to track a
      target moving sinusoidally at 0.33 Hz. The neuronal point even time series was
      first low pass filtered at 0.33 Hz to compare with the target and monkey
      movements. Short lengths of data were then subjected to Fourier and
      autoregressive spectral analysis in order to characterize higher frequencies in
      the neuronal signal. Stable components were identified at around 0.33 Hz (when
      the monkey was tracking well), 1.0 Hz and 8.5 Hz. The variation of many of the
      intermediate frequencies was suggestive of entrainment interactions between the
      basic components. The power at 1.0 Hz may result from the operation of a
      visuomoter control loop, whilst 8.5 Hz may characterize proprioceptive control.

PMID- 6429454
TI  - Effect of methyltestosterone administration on microsomal drug metabolism in
      aging rats.
AB  - The effects of methyltestosterone administration (100 mg/kg for four days) on the
      hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system from old male rats was investigated.
      Age-related decreases in cytochrome P-450 content, cytochrome c reductase
      activity and benzphetamine N-demethylase activity were unaffected by
      methyltestosterone treatment. Administration of the androgen induced nitroanisole
      O-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities, resulting in a restoration of
      the latter to levels found in young-adult animals.

PMID- 6429455
TI  - Teaching cost-effective diagnostic test use to medical students.
AB  - The purpose of this project was to develop and evaluate a program to teach
      medical students how to order diagnostic tests in a cost-effective manner. The 1
      month educational program included a seminar, a simulated patient-care exercise,
      special case presentations by students, newsletters about diagnostic tests, and
      concurrent review of patients' bills. Content analysis of answers to open-ended
      questions and pretests and posttests were used to measure differences in the
      study and control groups. Although students said the program was useful, no
      significant differences were found in students' knowledge, attitudes, or
      simulated test-ordering behavior. The authors conclude that the lack of
      improvement in objective measures limits the potential effectiveness of
      restricted efforts such as this one and that the discrepancy between the
      subjective and objective measures reinforces the need for more rigorous
      evaluations of programs that teach cost-effective diagnostic test use.

PMID- 6429456
TI  - [Epidemiology of hepatitis A, B, and non-A, non-B in a hospital environment].

PMID- 6429457
TI  - [Prevention of hepatitis].

PMID- 6429458
TI  - [Viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6429459
TI  - [Use and abuse of the TRH-induced TSH stimulation test].

PMID- 6429460
TI  - [Primary bacterial resistance in tuberculosis patients in a general hospital].

PMID- 6429461
TI  - [Physiologic and physiopathologic implications of insulin-receptor interaction
      (III)].

PMID- 6429462
TI  - [Tuberculous empyema].

PMID- 6429463
TI  - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by estrogen-progestagen combined oral
      contraceptives].

PMID- 6429464
TI  - [Implantation of ultra thin naso-duodenal and naso-jejunal tubes for feeding].
AB  - Enteral nutrition through filiform naso-duodenal or naso-jejunal tubes with
      homogeneous low molecular nutritional solutions has a rather important place in
      therapy of different conditions; endoscopy can help to introduce these tubes into
      the intestinal tract in the following situations: A leak in the upper
      gastrointestinal tract, which may occur after surgical resections of the
      esophagus or stomach, or which may occur in rare cases after bouginage or after
      diagnostic procedures can be passed by with an ultrathin tube until it is healed
      of. Patients with stenotic lesions of the esophagus or the cardia, which can not
      be treated by surgery or conservative procedures like pertubation and dilation
      can be fed enterally if it is possible to move the tube beyond the stenosis.
      Patients with neurogenic swallowing dysfunction of different origine can be fed
      during long periods of time through such filiform naso-enteral tubes successfully
      and reach a perfect nutritional state. In acute treatment of Crohn's disease and
      other inflammatory intestinal diseases enteral nutrition through tubes is an
      essential therapeutic procedure.

PMID- 6429465
TI  - A simple, reliable and rapid method for increasing the responsiveness of the
      glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the analysis of biogenic amines by high
      performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC).
AB  - A simple procedure has been devised for reversing the passivation of the GCE that
      occurs during electrochemical analyses. Alumina polishing is unpredictable in
      that occasionally it may worsen the problem. The present procedure involves
      treating the GCE with a CrO3-H2SO4 solution. It is fast (30 seconds), reliable,
      and increases the responsiveness of the electrode above that obtainable by
      alumina polishing.

PMID- 6429466
TI  - Characteristics of renal UDP-glucuronyltransferase.
AB  - Rat renal microsomes catalyzed the glucuronidation of l-naphthol, 4
      methylumbelliferone and p-nitrophenol, whereas morphine and testosterone
      conjugation were not detected. In contrast, all five substrates were conjugated
      by hepatic microsomes; the activity was typically 5-10 times greater than with
      renal microsomes. Renal microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase toward l-naphthol
      was fully activated (six-fold) by 0.03% deoxycholate while the hepatic enzyme was
      fully activated (eight-fold) by 0.05% deoxycholate. Full activation of hepatic
      UDP-glucuronyltransferase occurred when microsomes had been preincubated at 0 C
      with deoxycholate for 20 min. This effect of preincubation was not observed with
      renal microsomes. The presence of 0.25M sucrose in the buffers during renal
      microsomal preparation resulted in a two-fold greater rate of l-naphthol
      conjugation in both unactivated and activated microsomes than renal microsomes
      prepared in phosphate buffers alone. Preparation of hepatic microsomes with or
      without 0.25M sucrose had no effect on UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity.
      Unactivated (-deoxycholate) renal enzyme was activated when incubations were done
      at a low pH (5.7), whereas fully activated (0.03% deoxycholate) renal microsomal
      UDP-glucuronyltransferase displayed a pH optimum at 6.5. Renal microsomal UDP
      glucuronyltransferase activity toward l-naphthol, p-nitrophenol and 4
      methylumbelliferone was induced by pretreatment of rats with beta-naphthoflavone
      and trans-stilbene oxide but not by phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. These
      data demonstrate that renal UDP-glucuronyltransferases are different from the
      hepatic enzymes with regard to biochemical properties, substrate specificity and
      in response to chemical inducers of xenobiotic metabolism.

PMID- 6429467
TI  - Regulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover, calcium metabolism and enzyme
      secretion by phorbol dibutyrate in neutrophils.
AB  - The action of the tumor promoter, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), on rabbit
      peritoneal and human neutrophils is associated with stimulation of 14C
      arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids within 1-2 min. Stimulated 14C
      arachidonate incorporation was relatively selective for phosphatidylinositol (PI)
      in rabbit neutrophils. In contrast, the secretory response of human neutrophils
      to PDBu coincided with stimulated label incorporation into phosphatidylserine
      (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid
      (PA) and PI. Significant increases in label incorporation were observed with PDBu
      concentrations as low as 2 nM, and the dose response of stimulated label
      incorporation paralleled that of evoked lysozyme secretion. A parallel, but
      partial, inhibition of PDBu-stimulated PI labeling and enzyme release was
      observed after exposing rabbit neutrophils to calcium-deprived medium, whereas
      calcium deprivation failed to significantly depress either of these stimulant
      actions of PDBu in human neutrophils. Further, in rabbit neutrophils PDBu
      elicited an increase in cell associated 45Ca. However, PDBu was unable to promote
      the incorporation of 32P orthophosphate into PI or enhance phospholipase A2
      activity in broken cells. These findings suggest that one expression of the
      interaction between phorbol esters and their receptors on neutrophils involves
      the turnover of arachidonic acid in phospholipids. This stimulated turnover of
      arachidonate may be a critical step in the cascade of events associated with
      neutrophil activation.

PMID- 6429468
TI  - Metabolism of arachidonate in rat testis: characterization of 26-30 carbon
      polyenoic acids.
AB  - Fatty acid methyl esters of long-chain polyenoic fatty acids (LCPA) from rat
      testis injected with [1-14C] arachidonate were analyzed and separated by reversed
      phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Earlier, all previously
      identified LCPA were prepared in high purity along with 4 previously unidentified
      fatty acids, which were further characterized by capillary gas chromatography
      (GC), catalytic hydrogenation and alkaline isomerization. Unidentified fatty
      acids proved to be 26:4, 26:5, 28:5 and 30:5. All of these LCPA incorporated 14C
      from arachidonate (20:4) to specific activities that were comparable to that of
      20:4 and previously identified metabolites of 20:4 and much greater than specific
      activities of 18:1n-9 or 22:6n-3. LCPA were analyzed on a capillary GC system
      capable of resolving known cis-trans and positional isomers of the n-3, n-6, n-7
      and n-9 families of unsaturated fatty acids. Log plots of isothermal retention
      times and normal plots of temperature programmed retention times were linear (r =
      0.999) in carbon number when values for known and previously unidentified LCPA of
      4 or 5 double bonds, respectively, were coplotted. Thus, the newly identified
      fatty acids belong to the n-6 family of fatty acids synthesized from arachidonic
      acid.

PMID- 6429470
TI  - A lack of correlation between linoleate and arachidonate in human breast milk.
AB  - The levels of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid found in the lipid fraction of
      human milk samples were compared. No correlation was found between the level of
      precursor linoleate and product arachidonate in 80 samples of colostrum (day 3-5)
      or 60 samples of mature breast milk. We attempted to test the hypothesis that the
      absence of a precursor-product relationship was caused by a constant level of
      arachidonate being secreted in the phospholipids (PL) of breast milk cells.
      Examination of the fatty acid (FA) composition of the PL and triglyceride
      fractions revealed arachidonate in high concentration in PL but that most of the
      total arachidonate existed in triglycerides.

PMID- 6429469
TI  - Fatty acid metabolism and cell proliferation. V. Evaluation of pathways for the
      generation of lipid peroxides.
AB  - Primary cultures of smooth muscle cells were established from the medial layer of
      guinea pig aorta. Confluent cells at passage level 4-6 were challenged with
      arachidonic acid and treated with a number of antioxidants and inhibitors of
      specific lipid peroxidation pathways. Lipid peroxidation was measured by the
      thiobarbituric acid test for malondialdehyde (MDA) and the isolation of
      hydroperoxy fatty acids (HPETE) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
      Prostanoids were measured by radioimmunoassay and the separation of labeled
      compounds by HPLC. MDA, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and PGE2 were formed when cells were
      challenged with arachidonic acid and these cells synthesized small amounts of one
      HPETE isomer, 15-HPETE. The HPETE isomers characteristic of the lipoxygenase
      pathway, 12-HPETE and 5-HPETE, were not detected. Furthermore, the lipoxygenase
      inhibitors, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (Esculetin),
      did not block MDA formation. These data show that MDA is not generated in the
      cells by a lipoxygenase pathway. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and
      ETYA, did not block MDA formation but these agents blocked the formation of 15
      HPETE. These data show both that 15-HPETE is generated by a cooxidation pathway
      and that 15-HPETE and cooxidation are not involved in MDA formation. Three
      inhibitors of cytochrome P450 linked lipid peroxidation, 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl
      6-benzyl-4, 5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno-[2,3-C]-pyridine (Tinoridine), 3-methyl-1,2-di
      3-pyridyl-1-propanone (Metyrapone) and phenobarbital, did not block MDA
      formation. These data support earlier studies that indicated that MDA is not
      generated by a P450 pathway. Cells contained a bound precursor that decomposed to
      MDA when cells were treated with Fe3+. The cells exhibited autofluorescence and
      concentric lamellae in lipid droplets that are characteristic of ceroid
      lipofuscin. These observations are consistent with lipid peroxidation through
      increased peroxisomal activity leading to the generation of MDA and the
      accumulation of ceroid-lipofuscin. The natural antioxidants, vitamin E and
      vitamin E quinone (EQ), and the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene
      and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), alpha-naphthol (alpha-N) and propyl gallate
      (PrGa), all blocked MDA formation in confluent smooth muscle cells, showing that
      these antioxidants did not function solely as specific inhibitors of
      lipoxygenase, cooxidation or P450 pathways. Cell proliferation was measured in
      cells challenged with arachidonic acid and treated with antioxidants and other
      inhibitors. The least cytotoxic and most potent antioxidant, EQ, blocked MDA
      formation in confluent cells and promoted grow

PMID- 6429471
TI  - [Urinary excretion of the ions of stable and radioactive potassium].

PMID- 6429472
TI  - [Radiotherapy of metastatic brain tumors].

PMID- 6429473
TI  - [Tuberculosis control in the regional health district of Mauritanian Adrar
      (September 1976 to September 1980)].
AB  - Two strategies toward tuberculosis control in the sanitary district of Adrar
      (Mauritania) are compared. From September 1976 to September 1978, tuberculosis
      control is centralized in few health centers where non standardized diagnosis
      methods are applied, with a curative and non-mobile scheme. From September 1978
      to September 1980, this control is decentralized, utilizing the purposely set up
      preventive medicine structures which are based on one pluri -disciplinary mobile
      team and on sanitary agents (del egu es sanitaires ). The comparative study
      indicates clearly that, during the second period, screening and monitoring of the
      patients is much more effective (significant decrease in the number of people no
      more recorded; increased number of the people either cured or presenting a
      favourable evolution). The author noticed in the area under investigation, that
      incidence of the disease did not depend upon both dwelling (urban or rural) and
      living conditions (nomadic or sedentary) In addition, the interest of
      paraclinical exams, bacilloscopy excepted, is rather inexistent in the screening
      of the pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6429474
TI  - Correlation of skeletal uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate and alkaline phosphatase
      before and after oral diphosphonate therapy in Paget's disease.
AB  - In Paget's disease of bone, quantitation of skeletal uptake of radiolabeled
      diphosphonate has been proposed as a means of monitoring response to therapy.
      However, the validity of such techniques has been questioned during oral
      diphosphonate therapy because of possible interaction between oral and
      radiolabeled diphosphonate. In the present study 18 patients with Paget's disease
      received a 6 month course of oral diphosphonate therapy. Measurements of 24 h
      whole body retention (WBR) of 99mTc-labeled hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate
      (HEDP), serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), and urinary hydroxyproline excretion
      were obtained before, during, and after treatment. WBR correlated well with SAP
      and urinary hydroxyproline throughout the course of therapy. In addition, the
      relationship between WBR and SAP was maintained after cessation of oral
      diphosphonate. It would thus appear that in Paget's disease 24 h WBR of HEDP, a
      quantitative measure of skeletal uptake of diphosphonate, will reflect disease
      activity even in the presence of an oral diphosphonate load.

PMID- 6429475
TI  - Lack of effects of 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D on parathyroid hormone
      response to hypocalcemia in cattle.
AB  - Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 or 24,25(OH)2D3 on plasma PTH were examined following
      induced hypocalcemia with EGTA. EGTA infusions caused an elevation of plasma PTH
      within 10 min. Sixty min after the start of EGTA infusions, 1,25(OH)2D3 or
      24,25(OH)2D3 were IV administered. Transient (within 5 min) elevations in plasma
      PTH were observed in two of five animals following the administration of
      1,25(OH)2D3 or of 24,25(OH)2D3. Neither secosterol had an effect on the induced
      elevations in plasma PTH during the remaining 60 min of the EGTA infusions.
      Twenty-two hr following 24,25(OH)2D3 administration, plasma PTH, ionized and
      total calcium, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium were normal, while plasma
      24,25(OH)2D was elevated. The plasma PTH response to EGTA-induced hypocalcemia
      was not significantly altered from that observed prior to the administration of
      24,25(OH)2D3. Animals, which were IV injected with 1,25(OH)2D3 received the same
      amount IM 60 min later. Twenty-two h following IM 1,25(OH)2D3, plasma 1,25(OH)2D,
      ionized and total calcium, and plasma inorganic phosphate were elevated. Plasma
      PTH and magnesium were lowered. The PTH response to EGTA-induced hypocalcemia was
      significantly reduced in these animals. A similar reduction in the PTH response
      to induced hypocalcemia was observed in animals receiving 7 hr IV infusions of
      calcium chloride. The findings suggest that the blunted response was, in part,
      the consequence of the preceding hypercalcemia. These results indicate that
      1,25(OH)2D3 does not directly regulate plasma PTH secretion and that 24,25(OH)2D3
      has no effect on plasma PTH during induced hypocalcemia in the bovine species.

PMID- 6429476
TI  - Renal tubule reabsorption of amino acids after lysine loading of cystinuric dogs.
AB  - The renal reabsorption of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine as well as
      other amino acids has been determined before and after lysine infusion in four
      normal and five cystinuric dogs. The large filtered load of lysine caused
      defective reabsorption of cystine in three of four normals and augmented the
      basal defect in all of the cystinuric dogs. Two of the cystinuric dogs responded
      with cystine clearances in excess of the glomerular filtration rate. The
      magnitude of increase of the reabsorptive defect for cystine observed after
      lysine infusion into the cystinuric dogs was unrelated to the extent of the basal
      defect. Two of the normal dogs and four of the five cystinuric dogs demonstrated
      defective arginine reabsorption after lysine loading, one of the cystinuric dogs
      having greater arginine excretion than the filtered load. Although normal dogs
      showed a moderate inability to reabsorb the large filtered load of lysine, three
      of the cystinuric dogs exhibited a -60 to -70% reabsorption, consistent with
      lysine secretion. Both normal and cystinuric dogs showed defective glycine
      absorption after lysine loading, but only cystinuric dogs showed variable defects
      in threonine, serine, histidine, methionine, and tyrosine when the basic amino
      acid was infused. Each cystinuric dog responded to lysine infusion in a different
      way, and the overall pattern of response differed from the normal, with evidence
      of induced secretion of cystine, lysine, and arginine in the affected dogs.

PMID- 6429477
TI  - DNA sequence and regulation of ermD, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B
      resistance element from Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - The DNA sequence of ermD , a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS)
      resistance determinant cloned from the chromosome of Bacillus licheniformis, has
      been determined. ermD encodes an erythromycin inducible protein of molecular
      weight 32,796. S1 nuclease mapping of the ermD promoter has revealed the presence
      of an approximately 354 base leader sequence on the ermD transcript. This leader
      contains a short open reading frame sufficient to encode a 14 amino acid peptide,
      which is preceded by a potential ribosomal binding site. The leader sequence has
      the potential to fold into several base paired structures, in some of which the
      ribosomal binding site for the ermD product would be sequestered. Deletion
      analysis demonstrated that the leader contains regulatory sequences. Removal of
      the ermD promoter and fusion to an upstream promoter did not interfere with
      induction, strongly suggestion that ermD regulation is posttranscriptional. Based
      on these features it appears likely that ermD is regulated by a translational
      attenuation mechanism, analogous to that suggested for ermC , a resistance
      element from Staphylococcus aureus ( Gryczan et al. 1980; Horinouchi and Weisblum
      1980). Comparison of the ermD sequence and that of its product to two other
      sequenced MLS determinants reveals substantial phylogenetic relatedness, although
      the three genes are not homologous by the criterion of Southern blot
      hybridization.

PMID- 6429478
TI  - Evolutionary relationships of the Bacillus licheniformis macrolide-lincosamide
      streptogramin B resistance elements.
AB  - Naturally occurring erythromycin (Em) resistance was found in 11 of the 18
      Bacillus licheniformis isolates tested but was absent from a wide variety of
      other Bacillus strains. The Em resistance elements confer inducible macrolide
      lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance and are related to ermD , an MLS
      resistance element previously cloned from the chromosome of B. licheniformis 749.
      The MLS sensitive B. licheniformis strains and the other sensitive Bacillus
      strains tested, lack sequences with detectable homology to ermD . The sensitive
      B. licheniformis strains do exhibit homology to sequences which flank ermD in B.
      licheniformis 749. The relative sizes of the homologous DNA fragments suggest
      that the sensitive strains are lacking a 3.6 kb segment which contains ermD . It
      is shown that ermD is homologous to chromosomal DNA from Streptomyces erythreus
      ATCC 11635, an Em producing organism. These observations suggest to us that MLS
      resistance may have arisen in the Streptomyces and spread to B. licheniformis,
      another gram positive bacterium found in soil. It is further proposed that ermD
      is or was located on a transposon-like element and has spread and evolved further
      to yield a variety of related Staphylococcal and Streptococcal MLS determinants.

PMID- 6429479
TI  - Sequence and evolution of the regions between thr rrn operons in the chloroplast
      genome of Euglena gracilis bacillaris.
AB  - The rRNA genes are arranged in three sequential operons preceded by a fourth
      partial operon. Part or all of a 1462 nucleotide sequence extending from within
      the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA gene, across the 5S rRNA gene and a presumptive
      transcription terminator, to within the first structural gene (for 16S rRNA) of
      the rrn operon was determined for each region between operons. Homologies of the
      3'-end of the 23S rRNA gene with the 4.5S rRNA genes of higher plant
      chloroplasts, and of the 5S rRNA gene with other 5S rRNA genes were examined. The
      region preceding the 16S rRNA gene, which is expected to contain sites for
      initiation and regulation of rrn transcription, includes a 305 base-pair sequence
      with substantial homology with structural genes elsewhere in the chloroplast
      genome. The homologies suggest that this portion of the leader evolved from
      copies of parts of the structural genes which had been inserted before the 16S
      rRNA genes. Thus the chloroplast rrn leader may provide a unique opportunity to
      study how a regulatory sequence evolved from well-defined structural genes.

PMID- 6429480
TI  - Prophage induction in thermosensitive DNA mutants of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Incubation of thermosensitive dna mutants of Bacillus subtilis at the non
      permissive temperature leads in some instances to induction of defective prophage
      PBSX and cell lysis. A clear distinction can be made between mutants affected in
      DNA replication at the growing point (extension mutants) and those unable to
      initiate new rounds of replication (initiation mutants). The former promote PBSX
      induction to a variable and mutation-specific extent, whereas the latter do not
      exhibit any signs of induction. Analysis of mutants carrying two dna mutations
      suggests that products of some dna genes involved in initiation and in extension
      are not essential for induction but can substantially amplify its extent.
      However, mitomycin C treatment of dna mutants which have completed their residual
      DNA synthesis leads to a PBSX induction essentially identical to that obtained by
      mitomycin C treatment of the wild-type strain, which precludes an essential role
      for any of the mutated proteins in this induction process. On the basis of our
      observations we propose that the induction signal is related to the number of
      blocked replication forks: the larger that number, the higher the proportion of
      induced cells within the population.

PMID- 6429481
TI  - Comparison of a triphasic oestradiol/norethisterone acetate preparation with and
      without an oestriol component in the treatment of climacteric complaints.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of oestriol in combination with
      oestradiol in the treatment of women with climacteric complaints. Forty-three
      post-menopausal women were randomly allocated to two groups on a double-blind
      basis. Over a 28-day cycle 23 of the women were treated sequentially for 12 days
      with 1 tablet containing 17 beta-oestradiol 2 mg plus oestriol 1 mg, then for 10
      days with 1 tablet containing the same oestrogens plus norethisterone acetate 1
      mg, thereafter for 6 days with 1 tablet containing 17 beta-oestradiol 1 mg plus
      oestriol 0.5 mg. The other 20 women received the same treatment but without the
      oestriol. No clinical, laboratory or histological differences were seen between
      the two groups. Both treatments were found to be equally effective in alleviating
      climacteric symptoms, with few side effects. It may be stated in conclusion that,
      on the basis of routine clinical and laboratory parameters no differences were
      found between the two preparations.

PMID- 6429483
TI  - Michigan physicians their own PPO experts.

PMID- 6429482
TI  - Role of the capsule produced by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 in the
      accumulation of metallic cations.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine if the capsule produced by Bacillus
      megaterium ATCC 19213 was capable of binding metallic ions. For non-toxic
      metallic ions, this was accomplished by determining the relative concentrations
      of Fe2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ removed from a chemically defined medium by
      the normally capsulated parent strain and two mutants with much smaller capsules.
      For toxic metals, the rates of respiration of the parent strain and a small
      capsule mutant in the presence of Cu2+, Hg2+, and Ag1+ were compared. It was
      found that the parent strain accumulated more Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. Accumulation
      of Fe2+ and Zn2+ was similar for the parent strain and the small capsule mutants.
      Respiration of the parent strain was less inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, and Ag1+,
      indicating that these metals are also bound to the capsule.

PMID- 6429484
TI  - Characterization and pathogenicity of hemolysis mutants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - Hemolysis mutants were produced by treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH-P24 strain
      with N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine and were classified into three different
      groups. The first group of mutants, strains P24-L1, L2, and L11, showed wide and
      clear hemolytic zones. Their attachment ability to erythrocytes of various
      animals and to hamster lung cells were the same as those of the parent strain.
      The second group, strain P24-S1, showed non-hemolysis and non-hemadsorption, but
      retained the attachment ability to lung cells, although not to erythrocytes. The
      third group, strain P24-S11, was non-hemolytic, had completely lost the attaching
      ability, and did not proliferate in vivo. Strains in the first group produced
      significant microscopic pneumonic lesions in hamsters while strain P24-S1
      produced milder lung lesions. Strain P24-S11 did not cause any lung lesions, and
      organisms were not recovered from the lungs of hamsters. The attachment of M.
      pneumoniae to respiratory epithelium as a cause of infection and the existence of
      a relationship between the hemolytic abilities of the organisms and
      histopathogenicity in the hamster lung tissue were further supported by the
      present data. It was also shown that the use of hemolysis mutants is useful for
      the elucidation of pathogenesis in mycoplasma infections.

PMID- 6429485
TI  - Fucoidan blocks macrophage activation in an inductive phase but promotes
      macrophage activation in an effector phase.
AB  - It has been suggested that some polysaccharides play important roles in immune
      responses. Therefore, we used various types of polysaccharides for analysis of
      macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing. We report here that fucoidan blocked
      macrophage activation occurs in an inductive phase but enhanced macrophage
      activation appears in an effector phase.

PMID- 6429486
TI  - When your patients ask about the long-term effects of vasectomy.

PMID- 6429487
TI  - [Calculation of the minimal substrate expenditures for energy metabolism in
      microorganisms].
AB  - The paper presents a method for calculating the minimal expenses of substrates
      from the medium necessary to compensate energy donor disbalances in an
      intracellular process under study (for instance, in the production of a unit
      biomass or in the synthesis of one mole of monomer) between the number of
      regeneration events and the number of events in which each energy donor is
      utilized. The method employs the performance tables of energetic processes and is
      based on linear programming method. The paper includes the performance tables RE,
      RU and RS describing the stoichiometry of energetic processes in Escherichia
      coli, and the results of calculation for the cases of E. coli growth on glucose
      and acetate as sources of carbon.

PMID- 6429488
TI  - [Bacterial interaction in a culture containing Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium in
      relation to hydrocarbon oxidation].
AB  - An experimental association of Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium was employed for a
      more complete oxidation of a hydrocarbon substrate. The maximum effect of
      combined cultivation (74% vs. 50 and 47% in the pure cultures of Mycobacterium
      and Pseudomonas, respectively) was obtained under steady-state conditions. The
      result is attributed to the processes of co-oxidation and the physiological
      properties of the microorganisms.

PMID- 6429489
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the development of strains of Fusidium
      coccineum differing in antibiotic activity in stab cultivation].
AB  - The object of the work was to study the morphological and functional
      characteristics of Fusidium coccineum strains producing fusidic acid and
      differing in the antibiotic activity. The high metabolic activity of the culture
      is accompanied by the following morphological characteristics: the cells are rich
      in ribosomes and mitochondria, they have early vacuolisation, are filled with
      lipid granules, and then the mycelium undergoes autolysis. As strains with a high
      activity grow, the structure of the cells changes, the number of ribosomes and
      mitochondria falls down, and the latter are destroyed. For a long time, the cells
      contain electron-dense granular structures limited with the membrane and capable
      of transformation into lipid granules and membranous structures. As was shown by
      cytochemical studies, the structures have not merely proteins and lipids, but
      also phosphorus compounds. Their functional role in the fungal metabolism is
      discussed. As soon as super-synthesis of fusidic acid commences, the cells of the
      highly active strains are filled with lipid granules associated possibly with the
      steroid antibiotic. These formations are released from the cell during local
      lysis of the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6429490
TI  - [Growth kinetics of microorganisms with various ecological strategies in a
      dialysis culture at low specific growth rates].
AB  - A dialysis culture was found to be most suitable for studying the metabolism of
      microorganisms at a low specific growth rate. The biomass of all microorganisms
      studied in the dialysis culture increased with time in a linear fashion; hence,
      the energy spent for growth decreased in proportion to a decrease in the specific
      growth rate. Microorganisms growing in oligotrophous environment (Arthrobacter
      globiformis and Lipomyces tetrasporus ) spent much less energy comparing to
      microorganisms from eutrophic habitats (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Debaryomyces
      formicarius ).

PMID- 6429491
TI  - [Expression of the resistance genes of plasmid RP4 in Escherichia coli cells
      grown by continuous cultivation].
AB  - The resistance to tetracycline decreased in Escherichia coli C600 cells
      containing plasmid RP4 and grown under the conditions of continuous cultivation.
      The population of cells containing plasmid RP4 is heterogeneous in the trait of
      tetracycline resistance, and most cells cannot grow in a selective medium with
      tetracycline at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. The decreased resistance to
      tetracycline was most pronounced for a glucose-limited chemostat culture and also
      in the presence of two plasmids, RP4 and pBS94 , in the cells. No decrease was
      found in the resistance to other drugs determined by plasmid genes.

PMID- 6429492
TI  - [Action of desiccation and low temperatures on mesospheric strains of Aspergillus
      niger and Penicillium chrysogenum].
AB  - Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum strains were isolated from the
      mesosphere and characterised. Their properties significant for migration in the
      atmosphere are discussed. The possibility of the anabiotic state of these fungi
      under the action of dehydration and low temperatures was studied as well as the
      degree of their resistance to the aforementioned extreme factors.

PMID- 6429493
TI  - [Effect of nitrogen sources on the kinetic growth parameters of a Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa culture oxidizing quinoline].
AB  - The object of the work was to study the kinetic parameters of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa P1 growth. Quinoline could be used as a sole nitrogen source during
      growth of the organism in a mineral medium. Reduced nitrogen forms were shown to
      be preferable for the growth.

PMID- 6429494
TI  - Haemophilia and ITP.

PMID- 6429495
TI  - Neutrons from high-energy x-ray medical accelerators: an estimate of risk to the
      radiotherapy patient.
AB  - The problem of neutrons produced by many of the high-energy x-ray therapy
      machines (10 MV and above) is reviewed, and the possible risk their presence
      poses to radiotherapy patients is estimated. A review of the regulatory
      background containing a summary of the recommendations of the U.S. Council of
      State Governments (USCSG), and of the International Electro-Technical Commission
      (IEC), as well as an indication that recommendations will be forthcoming from the
      National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) and the International Commission
      of Radiological Protection (ICRP) is presented. The neutrons in question are
      produced by high-energy photons (x rays) incident on the various materials of the
      target, flattening filter, collimators, and other essential components of the
      equipment. The neutron yield (per treatment dose) increases rapidly as the
      megavoltage is increased from 10 to 20 MV, but remains approximately constant
      above this. Measurements and calculations of the quantity, quality, and spatial
      distribution of these neutrons and their concomitant dose are summarized. Values
      of the neutron dose are presented as entrance dose, midline dose (10-cm depth),
      and integral dose, both within and outside of the treatment volume. These values
      are much less than the unavoidable photon doses which are largely responsible for
      treatment side effects. For typical equipment, the average neutron integral dose
      from accelerator-produced neutrons is about 4-7 g cGy (per treatment cGy),
      depending on the treatment plan. This translates into an average dose of neutrons
      [averaged over the body of a typical 70-kg (154 lb) patient] of 0.06-0.10 cGy for
      a treatment of 1000 cGy. Using these neutron doses and the best available neutron
      risk coefficients, it is estimated that 50 X 10(-6) fatal malignancies per year
      due to the neutrons may follow a typical treatment course of 5000 rads of 25-MV x
      rays. This is only about 1/60th of the average incidence of malignancies for the
      general population. Thus, the cancer risk to the radiotherapy patient from
      accelerator-produced neutrons poses an additional risk to the patient that is
      negligible in comparison.

PMID- 6429497
TI  - Microdosimetry of 10-15 MeV bremsstrahlung x rays.
AB  - Experimental techniques have been developed for obtaining microdosimetric spectra
      on a hospital-based linear accelerator. Teletherapy beams of 10 and 15 MeV
      bremsstrahlung x rays from a Varian Clinac-18 and Clinac-20, respectively, have
      been produced at ultralow dose rates (50-200 microGy/h) which enables direct
      measurements of lineal energy distributions with a conventional Rossi-type gas
      proportional counter. Extensive measurements have been made to insure that the
      dosimetric properties of these low dose rate beams are nearly identical to those
      produced under high dose rate clinical conditions. Analytical procedures have
      been developed to correct measured lineal energy spectra for pileup caused by the
      low duty factor of the linear accelerator. The lineal energy spectra of these
      megavoltage beams differ significantly from Co-60, with dose averaged lineal
      energies (yD) being 20%-30% lower than for Co-60. Although such differences may
      not be important at clinical doses, the theory of dual radiation action does
      predict a lower biological effectiveness for these beams at very low dose levels.

PMID- 6429496
TI  - Analytic calculation of electron beam isodose distributions.
AB  - Analytical techniques have been developed to generate electron beam isodose
      distributions from a modest set of experimental data. These techniques include
      (1) development of a compact yet powerful linear least-squares optimization
      program with a graphic display of the results, (2) coordinate transformations to
      allow straightforward fitting of the isodose distributions with simple polynomial
      functions, and (3) accurate interpolation methods to allow production of
      treatment planning dose matrices. The program, written in FORTRAN, has been
      implemented on a minicomputer and uses the standard peripherals of a commercially
      available treatment planning system (AECL TP-11). The computer-generated isodose
      and central-axis distributions correspond very closely with the data for electron
      energies from 5 to 20 MeV and for all field sizes.

PMID- 6429498
TI  - Improved lung dose calculation using tissue-maximum ratios in the Batho
      correction.
AB  - We have reexamined the Batho power law for computing the dose within and beyond
      lung irradiated with small and large fields of cobalt-60 and 6-MV x rays. Using
      slab phantoms consisting of two materials, agreement between calculated and
      measured doses was within 2% inside lung for 6-MV x irradiation, but much poorer
      (9%) for cobalt-60 irradiation. For cobalt-60 irradiation, tissue-air ratios
      (TARs) were used initially in the Batho equation, while for 6-MV x rays, tissue
      maximum ratios (TMRs) were used. When we substituted TMR values instead of TAR
      values for cobalt-60, we found marked improvement by nearly 5% in the accuracy of
      dose calculated within lung. This was confirmed by numerical comparison of the
      Batho expression with an analytic solution of the primary and first-scattered
      radiation. We therefore encourage the use of TMRs for cobalt-60 radiation,
      especially for larger radiation fields, and provide measured data tables for
      field sizes up to 50 X 50 cm2, and depths up to 30 cm. In addition to unifying
      the dosimetry for all megavoltage irradiation, this approach improves the
      accuracy of doses calculated within lung.

PMID- 6429499
TI  - On the steady-state drift conditions of a water calorimeter in clinical
      megavoltage photon and electron beams.
AB  - We have investigated the characteristic behavior of a water calorimeter in a
      clinical environment where the temperature is not strictly controlled. Since the
      ambient temperature plays a crucial role in the successful operation of a
      calorimeter, its effects were closely monitored. The results were compared with
      theoretical predictions based on a simple model of heat transfer by conduction.
      They were found useful in analyzing the radiation dose measurements. In
      particular, a relationship between the absorbed dose and the pre- and
      postirradiation thermal drifts was examined. Finally, some suggestions are made
      concerning the desirable conditions under which a water calorimeter may be
      operated.

PMID- 6429500
TI  - Dose in the buildup region outside the primary beam.
AB  - The dose received in the buildup region outside the primary beam has been
      measured for 60Co gamma rays and 6- and 18-MV X rays. The variation of this dose
      with field size and depth was evaluated. The effect of blocking trays and the
      importance of their design was determined.

PMID- 6429501
TI  - The use of the ferrous sulphate dosimeter for intercomparison of absorbed dose
      from electron beams.
AB  - An intercomparison of absorbed dose from high-energy electron beams using Fricke
      dosimetry at four radiotherapy centers in the north of Taiwan is described. Two
      water phantoms of 30 X 30 X 30 cm3 and a number of Fricke dosimeters were used at
      each center. The dosimeters were irradiated to an absorbed dose of approximately
      45 Gy (4500 rad) at different electron energies. The measurements, calibration
      procedures, and the factors affecting the response of the dosimeters are
      discussed. The results of the intercomparison of the four centers are given in
      detail.

PMID- 6429502
TI  - Effect of lanthanum on urinary acidification and sodium transport by the turtle
      and toad bladder.
AB  - Lanthanum has been extensively used to evaluate the role of extracellular and
      membrane-bound calcium on several aspects of cell function. In the present study
      we evaluated the effect of mucosal or serosal addition of lanthanum on Na and H+
      transport by the turtle bladder, in vitro, to gain insight concerning the role of
      calcium on these processes. Mucosal addition of lanthanum was associated with a
      decrease in Na transport and H+ secretion. The inhibition was of rapid onset,
      achieving a maximal inhibition at 10(-3) M for H+ secretion and 5 X 10(-4) for Na
      transport. The effect was rapidly and totally reversible with the removal of
      lanthanum. The mucosal effect of lanthanum addition was observed only at pH 7.4
      for H+ secretion and at pH 7.4, 6.4, and 5.4 for Na transport. Agents capable of
      'screening' the negative change of membrane proteins, such as cadmium or zinc,
      could neither elicit nor prevent the effect of lanthanum on H+ secretion. The
      effect of serosal addition of lanthanum on H+ or Na transport was different from
      that observed with mucosal addition; it was of slow onset, smaller magnitude,
      partially reversible, and only elicited by high concentrations (10 mM) of
      lanthanum. Serosal addition of lanthanum caused an early increase and a late
      decrease in radioactive calcium efflux. Mucosal addition of lanthanum caused an
      increase in calcium efflux. The data demonstrate that lanthanum inhibits Na and
      H+ transport in the turtle bladder and suggest that the mechanism of action of
      lanthanum is the result of either displacement of membrane-bound calcium or
      altered cell membrane permeability to calcium.

PMID- 6429503
TI  - The effect of hypocalcemia on renal bicarbonate absorption.
AB  - The effect of hypocalcemia on renal bicarbonate absorption (RHCO3/GFR) was
      examined in bicarbonate-loaded dogs. Following the infusion of ethylene
      bis(oxyethylenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in intact dogs, RHCO3/GFR fell from
      23.8 +/- 0.7 to 20.8 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.005) and in thyroparathyroidectomized
      (TPTX) dogs from 25.6 +/- 1.44 to 23.6 +/- 2.15 (p less than 0.025). By contrast,
      infusion of EGTA which had been titrated with calcium had no effect, RHCO3/GFR
      being 27.7 +/- 1.14, control and 28.5 +/- 0.38, during EGTA (p less than 0.05).
      Hypocalcemia also significantly depressed the renal absorption of phosphate.
      There were no effects on renal hemodynamics or electrolyte excretion. These
      studies suggest that plasma-ionized calcium may play a role in regulating renal
      bicarbonate and phosphate absorption.

PMID- 6429504
TI  - Skeletal muscle cell abnormalities in acute hypophosphatemia during total
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Muscle tissue H2O, Na, K, Mg, Cl and total P were studied in 23 patients with
      acute hypophosphatemia during P-deficient total parenteral nutrition. Increased
      muscle extracellular water and low intracellular K and Mg with high intracellular
      Na were found. These abnormalities were detected either in previously underfed
      patients with low muscle P or in well-nourished, acutely ill subjects with muscle
      P near to normal. These findings show that acute depletion of extracellular
      inorganic P is associated with changes of muscle cell composition independently
      of muscle cell P content.

PMID- 6429505
TI  - Injuries at a water slide--Washington.

PMID- 6429506
TI  - Salmonellosis associated with cheese consumption--Canada.

PMID- 6429507
TI  - Enterovirus surveillance--United States, 1984.

PMID- 6429508
TI  - Imported malaria among travelers--United States.

PMID- 6429509
TI  - Rabies prevention--United States, 1984.

PMID- 6429510
TI  - Chromosomally mediated resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae--United States.

PMID- 6429511
TI  - Fatalities from occupational heat exposure.

PMID- 6429512
TI  - Tuberculosis--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6429513
TI  - Influenza--United States, 1983-1984 season.

PMID- 6429514
TI  - Mumps outbreak--New Jersey.

PMID- 6429515
TI  - Heat-associated mortality--New York City.

PMID- 6429516
TI  - [Allotransplantation of isolated pancreatic islets in diabetic rats. Effect of
      culture on islet rejection].
AB  - Reduction of the immunogenicity of the tissue by tissue culture has been a
      controversial concept in transplantation immunology. In the present study,
      isolated islets were cultured prior to allotransplantation. The obtained results
      were compared in comparison with the results of the non-cultured islet
      allotransplantation group. Two kinds of rats differing from each other in
      histocompatibility antigen were used. WKA rats ( RT1k ) were donors, and LEJ rats
      ( RT1j ) recipients. No immunosuppressive agents were given. About 500 isolated
      islets of the donors were transplanted to the spleen of the recipients with
      streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. Although the mean survival time of non
      cultured islet was 12.2 +/- 4.3 days, that of 7-day cultured islet increased
      significantly to 26.4 +/- 4.8 days. The response of the lymphocytes to the islets
      was also examined by mixed lymphocyte-islet culture. Response of lymphocytes to
      non-cultured islet was compared with that of lymphocytes to 7-day cultured
      islets. The response of lymphocytes to the 7-day cultured islets was
      significantly decreased. These results suggested that the cultured islet prolongs
      survival time and islet culture diminish the concentration or availability of
      stimulatory antigens on the cell surface membranes.

PMID- 6429517
TI  - [Preserved human umbilical cord vessel as a small caliber vascular substitute:
      experimental and clinical study].
AB  - The author has studied glutaraldehyde stabilized human umbilical cord vessels
      (PHUV) both experimentally and clinically since Nov. 1976. The experimental
      findings showed that the PHUV is not organized and its patency depends on the
      blood compatibility of the fibrin net and blood flow. The histologic examination
      of the graft wall revealed a slight inflammatory response consisting of
      macrophages and occasional foreign body giant cells around the Dacron mesh but
      with very little reaction in the umbilical vein itself. Clinically, 72
      reconstructions using Biografts were performed in 52 cases with peripheral
      arterial occlusions. These consisted of 14 femoropopliteal (FP) bypasses above
      the knee, 26 below the knee, 10 femorotibial or peroneal and 16 other
      miscellaneous procedures including aorto-femoral and extra-anatomic bypasses. The
      cumulative patency rate at 5 years was 63.0% for the total group, 62.9% for the F
      P group and 20% for the femoro-tibial or peroneal group. Early failure was
      thought to be related to technical factors in most instances. The majority of the
      late failures were due to intimal hyperplasia at the anastomotic sites. Although
      it is reasonable to employ a Biograft at the popliteal level because of the
      encouraging results in its clinical use, it is important to study the mechanism
      of the intimal hyperplasia at the anastomotic sites in order to attain excellent
      long term results.

PMID- 6429518
TI  - The lactose synthase acceptor site: a structural map derived from acceptor
      studies.
AB  - A pictorial map of the lactose synthase (galactosyl transferase) acceptor binding
      site has been formulated from this and published studies on substrate analogs and
      inhibitors. The basic requirements are a pyranose, thiopyranose or inositol ring
      structure and equatorial substituents (if any) at C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-5. The
      aglycone (at C-1) may be either alpha or beta-, but alpha- is somewhat preferred.
      In the absence of alpha-lactalbumin galactosyl transferase will accept long chain
      2-N-acyl substituents on the glucosamine (GlcNH2) structure. An equatorial amino
      or N-acetyl substituent (e.g. mannosamine, N-acetylmannosamine) is also a
      suitable acceptor in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin since both N
      acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine have complementary binding loci for the
      N-acyl moiety. The aglycone moiety must be equatorial (beta-configuration).
      However, upon alpha-lactalbumin binding the aglycone specificity allows for axial
      (alpha-configuration) as well as equatorial substituents. Furthermore, the 2-N
      acyl substituent binding locus is blocked beyond a 2-N-hexanoyl group. It is
      suggested that alpha-lactalbumin binds to a hydrophobic site some distance from
      the C-2 group.

PMID- 6429519
TI  - The effect of ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the reaction between
      the guinea-pig C5 convertase and guinea-pig C5.
AB  - Guinea-pig C5 was reacted with EAC1423 in the washed-cell intermediate assay in
      the presence of glucose gelatin veronal buffer (GGVB), Zn2+-GGVB (0.025 mM),
      GGVB2+ containing Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ or EDTA (0.013 M)-GGVB. The EDTA inhibited the
      formation of competent SAC14235, while Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ had a slight enhancing
      effect compared to GGVB alone and Zn2+ gave a four-fold increase. Similar results
      were obtained by using human C5 with guinea-pig C5 convertase and functionally
      pure guinea-pig C6, C7, C8 and C9. When guinea-pig C6 was incorporated into these
      various reaction mixtures with guinea-pig C5, its addition markedly reduced the
      inhibition by EDTA, while Zn2+ still showed an enhancing effect. These results
      demonstrate that EDTA inhibited formation of competent SAC14235 by preventing
      activation of C5. The association of C6 with C5 can partially overcome the
      inhibition of C5 conversion by EDTA and may account for C5 activity in reaction
      mixtures containing C-EDTA.

PMID- 6429520
TI  - Evidence for 65 electrophoretically distinct groups of light chains in BALB/c and
      NZB myelomas.
AB  - Light chains of 426 randomly selected myelomas from BALB/c and NZB mice were
      characterized by isoelectric focusing (IF) and electrophoresis at pH 3.
      Approximately 50% of the light chains in each strain were found to have unique
      electrophoretic properties. The remaining 50% of light chains fell into groups of
      two or more proteins showing apparent identity. A total of 49 groups of light
      chains were identified in this way. On the basis of repeat frequencies, the total
      number of such groups has been estimated to be around 65. Analysis of light
      chains of known amino acid sequence suggests that many of the "IF-groups" may
      represent light chains belonging to single V-region subgroups. The large number
      of unique light chains could represent somatic mutants bearing charge differences
      from the germ-line-coded sequences or products of a subset of V-genes which are
      infrequently expressed in myeloma proteins. Comparison of the light chains of
      BALB/c and NZB myelomas indicated extensive overlap of IF-subgroups in the two
      strains. One clear difference between the two samples was the presence of three
      groups of light chains at an unexpectedly high frequency in the BALB/c myelomas.
      In contrast, no light chains belonging to these groups were found in the NZB
      myelomas. One of the anomalous groups corresponded to Vk-1A light chains, a
      subgroup previously shown to be absent in NZB serum light chain IF-profiles. A
      second group represented at an elevated level included MOPC467, a light chain
      closely related in sequence to Vk-1A. The third group included ADJPC5 and LPC1.
      The overrepresentation of these light chain groups in the BALB/c myelomas is not
      understood. Two light chain-like polypeptides were observed in approximately 3-5%
      of myelomas in the two mouse strains. It seems likely that in many instances this
      may be explained by the presence of two cell lines in early generation tumors.

PMID- 6429521
TI  - Cerebral blood flow in aging. Decrease of hyperfrontal distribution.

PMID- 6429522
TI  - Difference in critical rCBF level of ischemia between children and adults.

PMID- 6429523
TI  - Cerebral metabolic changes induced by an unconventional agent: experimental model
      for some human degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.

PMID- 6429524
TI  - Cerebrovascular and metabolic response of the aged rat to hypoxia.

PMID- 6429525
TI  - Sensitivity of Bloom syndrome fibroblasts to mitomycin C.
AB  - Lymphocytes and fibroblasts from people with Bloom syndrome, an autosomal
      recessive disorder associated with a predisposition to a wide variety of cancers,
      are known to be hypersensitive to ethylating agents as measured by sister
      chromatid exchange induction. Recently, hypersensitivity to cell killing by
      mitomycin C has also been reported in Bloom syndrome fibroblasts from three
      donors. We report here results which confirm the hypersensitivity of Bloom
      syndrome fibroblasts as measured by cell killing but show that they have a normal
      sensitivity to mitomycin C as measured by sister chromatid exchange induction.
      These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the diversity of
      response of Bloom syndrome cells to mutagens, and the nature of the primary
      defect in Bloom syndrome.

PMID- 6429526
TI  - Mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and inactivation of Bacillus subtilis
      transforming DNA induced by phenylhydroxylamine derivatives.
AB  - Phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) and its derivatives such as monomethyl (2-Me, 3-Me, 4
      Me) and dimethyl (2,3-diMe, 2,4-diMe, 2,5-diMe, 2,6-diMe, 3,4-diMe, 3,5-diMe)
      were tested for their mutagenicity and for their inducing ability to inactivate
      transforming DNA. All these compounds except PHA and 3,5-diMePHA were found to be
      mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 even in the absence of S9 mix, and
      their mutagenic potency was in the order: 2,6-diMe- greater than 2,4-diMe- = 3,4
      diMe- greater than 4-Me- greater than 2,3-diMe- = 2,5-diMe- greater than 2-Me- =
      3-MePHA. Besides mutagenicities, all the PHA derivatives except 2,6-diMePHA
      caused severe reductions in the activity of Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA.
      To establish the structure-activity relationship, we examined the correlation
      between these activities and the stabilities of the PHA derivatives, and the
      results indicated that the more chemically unstable the PHA derivatives were, the
      more active they were with respect to the mutations and to the inactivation of
      the transforming DNA. The mutagenic activity of 2,6-diMePHA was the sole
      exception, because it was most stable, but its induced mutation frequency was
      highest. From these results, we suggest that all the PHA derivatives, except 2,6
      diMePHA, cause DNA damage through the generation of active molecular species,
      such as nitrenium ions, without any enzymatic activation, while 2,6-diMePHA
      requires further metabolic activation by bacterial enzymes to stimulate
      mutagenesis.

PMID- 6429527
TI  - Corn oil and its minor constituents as inhibitors of DMBA-induced chromosomal
      breaks in vivo.
AB  - Inhibitory effects of corn oil and its constituents have been studied against
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced chromosomal breaks in B6C3F1 female
      mice using the in vivo bone-marrow micronucleus assay. We tested propyl gallate,
      alpha-tocopherol and beta-sitosterol as constituents of corn oil. In addition,
      sunflower oil was tested also to check whether corn oil differs from any other
      vegetable oil. Corn oil, propyl gallate, beta-sitosterol or sunflower oil were
      injected i.p. to mice for 2 days at 24-h intervals, prior to injecting DMBA i.p.
      alpha-Tocopherol was mixed in powdered food and the mice were fed on it for 4
      days before receiving DMBA. Bone-marrow samples were collected at various 24-h
      intervals. About 50-70% reduction in number of micronucleated polychromatic
      erythrocytes (MNPCE)/500 PCEs were observed in all the treatments wherever corn
      oil was used. Significant inhibitory effects were noted in treatments with alpha
      tocopherol and beta-sitosterol. Sunflower oil also showed an inhibitory effect,
      similar to that with corn oil.

PMID- 6429528
TI  - The effect of pretreatment of Escherichia coli CM891 with
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate on sensitivity to a variety of standard mutagens.
AB  - The effect of EDTA pretreatment on the sensitivity of E. coli CM891 to 10
      standard mutagens was assayed for cytotoxicity, trp- reversion and mutation to
      A2Cr . There was no obvious correlation of effect with molecular weight but good
      correlation with water solubility. EDTA pretreatment did not improve the
      sensitivity of E. coli to agents which were very soluble in water viz. MMS, CP,
      ACR, DR and GM. However, with very water-insoluble agents, EDTA pretreatment
      usually gave a significant, 2-5-fold increase in mutation, viz. with 2NF , BP and
      CAP (trp locus) but not with 9AA . 2AP , which was moderately soluble in
      distilled water, only showed a small significant increase at the A2C locus after
      EDTA pretreatment. Increases in mutation were not always paralleled by increases
      in cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6429530
TI  - Learning diagnostic restraint.

PMID- 6429529
TI  - Anion permeability of toad skeletal muscle incubated in plasma and ringer
      solution.
AB  - Isolated semitendinosus muscles of the toad were incubated in both Ringer
      solution and toad plasma for periods ranging from 45 to 170 minutes. The
      extracellular volume (ECV), as measured from the equilibrium distribution of
      35SO4(2-), was found to increase (in gram extracellular (EC) water/gram wet
      weight) from 0.15 +/- 0.01 to 0.20 +/- 0.02 in muscles incubated in Ringer
      solution, whereas the ECV was found to remain constant in tissues incubated in
      plasma (0.16 +/- 0.01 to 0.17 +/- 0.01), for periods up to 170 minutes. Since the
      true ECV, as measured morphometrically, was found to remain unchanged for muscles
      incubated in Ringer solution for up to 3 hours, the data for these muscles were
      interpreted to represent a change in anion permeability of the cellular membranes
      in response to the absence of some plasma fraction from the Ringer solution (with
      an electrolyte composition and pH similar to that of plasma). When toad plasma
      albumin was added to the Ringer solution, in physiological concentrations, the
      ECV of the muscles was observed to remain relatively constant during the 3-hour
      incubation period. This albumin effect on anion permeability was found to be
      albumin concentration-dependent. Further, other sources of albumin were found to
      have varying degrees of effect on the anion permeability of toad muscle, with
      bovine albumin serving as the most acceptable substitute for toad albumin, when
      incubating semitendinosus muscles.

PMID- 6429531
TI  - Government insults physicians.

PMID- 6429532
TI  - To buy or not to buy. Technology acquisition under prospective payment.

PMID- 6429533
TI  - Non-A, maybe-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6429534
TI  - Will payment based on diagnosis-related groups control hospital costs?
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the admission rates for a few surgical
      procedures, such as hysterectomy, vary extensively among hospital market areas,
      apparently because of differences in physicians' practice styles. To see whether
      such variations occur for most causes of admission, we classified all
      nonobstetrical medical and surgical hospitalizations in Maine for the years 1980
      through 1982 into diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and measured the variations in
      admission rates among 30 hospital market areas. Hysterectomy rates varied 3.5
      fold, but 90 per cent of medical and surgical admissions fell into DRGs for which
      admission rates were even more variable, suggesting that professional discretion
      plays an important part in determining hospitalization for most DRGs. Losses in
      hospital revenues resulting from the DRG payment system could be offset if
      physicians modified their admission policies to produce more profit, well within
      the current limits of medical appropriateness. If this occurred, the net effect
      of a DRG program would be to exacerbate hospital cost inflation. We conclude
      that, to be successful, cost-containment programs based on fixed, per-admission
      hospital prices will need to ensure effective control of hospitalization rates.

PMID- 6429535
TI  - The primary immunodeficiencies. (2).

PMID- 6429536
TI  - In vivo effectiveness of a high-yield factor VIII concentrate prepared in a blood
      bank.

PMID- 6429537
TI  - Cell-mediated immune responses in AIDS.

PMID- 6429538
TI  - Hunter's syndrome: activity of iduronate sulfate sulfatase in the serum of
      pregnant heterozygotes.

PMID- 6429539
TI  - Guiding the hand that feeds. Caring for the demented elderly.

PMID- 6429540
TI  - Application of immunoprecipitation techniques to the diagnosis of cutaneous and
      extracutaneous forms of sporotrichosis.
AB  - Sporotrichosis is a mycosis which in our country has been described as only
      producing cutaneous and subcutaneous infections; in other countries it has been
      reported as causing pulmonary, bone, joint and meningeal infections. Possibly the
      systemic form also occurs in Venezuela since, along with the causative agent, all
      other factors considered as predisposing to systemic infection exist here.
      Through immunodiffusion (ID) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and using a
      filamentous form metabolic antigen from Sporothrix schenckii, we were able to
      demonstrate precipitating antibodies against this fungus both in patients with
      cutaneous sporotrichosis, diagnosed by culture of the infecting agent, and in
      patients with pulmonary lesions. The IEP test showed the presence of an anodic
      arc which we have called the 'S' arc, which could be one of the specific antigens
      of S. schenckii.

PMID- 6429541
TI  - Effect of soil temperature and drought on peanut pod and stem temperatures
      relative to Aspergillus flavus invasion and aflatoxin contamination.
AB  - Peanut stem and pod temperatures of plants growing in irrigated, drought, drought
      heated soil, and drought-cooled soil treatments were determined near the end of
      the growing season. Mean soil temperatures of the treatments during this period
      were 21.5 degrees, 25.5 degrees, 30 degrees and 20 degrees C, respectively.
      Peanut stem temperatures in all drought treatments reached a maximum of ca. 40
      degrees C and for 6-7 h each day were as much as 10 degrees C warmer than
      irrigated peanut stems. Pod temperatures in drought-heated soil and drought
      treatments were ca. 34 degrees C and 30 degrees C, respectively, for several
      hours each day. As pod temperatures approached the optimum for A. flavus growth
      (ca. 35 degrees C), the proportion of kernels colonized and aflatoxin
      concentrations increased. Increased plant temperature without accompanying pod
      temperature increases (drought-cooled soil) resulted in colonization percentages
      and aflatoxin concentrations only slightly higher than those of the irrigated
      peanuts.

PMID- 6429542
TI  - Effect of aflatoxin B-1 on the proteolytic activity of some lactic-acid bacteria.
AB  - The proteolytic activity of five (ATCC) strains of lactic acid bacteria were
      investigated in the presence of different concentrations of aflatoxin B-1. The
      presented data revealed that aflatoxin in milk can affect the lactic acid
      bacteria which are used in the manufacture of dairy products. Such effect depends
      on toxin concentration and the species of lactic acid bacteria. This
      investigation is of practical value because it may explain the effect which
      occurs during cheese manufacture. This defect can be characterized by off flavour
      which can be very undesirable for a ripened cheese.

PMID- 6429543
TI  - Gamma interferon production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with
      gastric cancer.

PMID- 6429544
TI  - Gluconeogenesis and ammonia production in the isolated perfused rat kidney: the
      effect of starvation, acidosis and diabetic ketosis.

PMID- 6429545
TI  - [The effect of enzymatic modification on lysinoalanine formation in field-bean
      protein isolate and beta-casein].
AB  - Lysinoalanine (LAL) was determined in alkali-treated partial hydrolysates (PH) of
      casein, peptides isolated from these PH and in PH of field-bean protein to
      clarify whether intermolecular or intramolecular LAL bridges are preferentially
      formed. Furthermore, the formation of LAS in plasteins was studied as a
      contribution to plastein research. The formation of LAL in the peptide mixtures
      of beta-casein and the decrease of the LAL content in the PH (as compared to
      intact proteins) indicates that the formation of LAL favours the intramolecular
      cross-linking of polypeptide chains. The LAL content decreases as the degree of
      hydrolysis of the PH of the field-bean protein isolate increases, and depends
      upon the protease used in the production of the hydrolysates. The LAL contents of
      the alkali-treated plasteins are less than those of the initial hydrolysates. The
      decrease of the LAL content is directly proportional to the hydrolysis proceeding
      during the plastein reaction.

PMID- 6429546
TI  - Role of gamma-interferon in antibody-producing responses.
AB  - Interferon preparations, especially those containing gamma-interferon (IFN
      gamma), have long been known to modulate immune responses. However, because many
      studies used only partially purified interferons, it has been difficult to
      separate the immunoregulatory effects of the interferons from those of other
      biologically active molecules contaminating the preparations. Recently, with the
      cloning of the interferon genes in mouse and man, it has become possible to use
      these cloned interferons directly to test their effects in assays other than
      those involving the protection of cells from viruses. For example, cloned IFN
      gamma has been shown to be a potent inducer of Ia antigen expression on
      macrophages. Similarly, cloned IFN-gamma has been reported to act as a macrophage
      activation factors, as judged by the ability of activated macrophages to kill
      tumour cells in vitro. We demonstrate here that cloned murine IFN-gamma can also
      substitute for a late-acting helper factor which acts synergistically with other
      helper factors in the stimulation of B-cell antibody responses in vitro.

PMID- 6429547
TI  - Gamma-interferon is one of several direct B cell-maturing lymphokines.
AB  - Two classes of molecules often released after the interaction of T lymphocytes,
      macrophages and antigen are B-cell maturation factors (BMF)1-3 and immune (gamma)
      interferon (IFN-gamma)4-7. BMFs directly induce the maturation of resting B
      lymphocytes to the state of active immunoglobulin secretion, while IFN-gamma is
      defined by the reduction of viral infectivity in vitro. However, interferons have
      been shown to have a variety of effects and they have also been reported both to
      increase and decrease B-cell differentiation in intact animals and complex
      cellular mixtures in vitro. Here we show that murine IFN-gamma produced by
      recombinant DNA technology shows similar biological effects to BMFs from two
      other sources. All three preparations induce immunoglobulin secretion by both
      normal resting murine splenic B cells and the comparable B-cell tumour line WEHI
      279.1 (refs 1, 3). IFN-gamma and the other two BMFs are not identical, however,
      as anti-IFN-gamma antibodies block the effects on B cells of IFN-gamma, but not
      those of the other two lymphokines. IFN-gamma may be one of several molecules
      with a direct role in driving the maturation of resting B cells to active
      immunoglobulin secretion.

PMID- 6429548
TI  - Mechanism of sequential induction of cell-type specific mRNAs in Dictyostelium
      differentiation.
AB  - Upon starvation, the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum initiates a 24
      h programme of differentiation. Within 6 h, cells move towards aggregation
      centres in response to pulsatile synthesis and secretion of cyclic AMP. At about
      12 h, aggregates of 10(5) cells are formed, held together by newly made surface
      adhesion molecules. The cells then differentiate into the two principal types
      found in the terminal stage of development, spores and stalks. Here we show that
      the chemotaxis and aggregation stages of this developmental programme can be
      described as a series of sequential events in which these extracellular signals-
      starvation, cyclic AMP and cell-cell contact--induce specific, sequential changes
      in the pattern of gene expression.

PMID- 6429549
TI  - Fly and frog homoeo domains show homologies with yeast mating type regulatory
      proteins.
AB  - Homoeotic genes in the bithorax and Antennapedia complexes of Drosophila
      melanogaster appear to specify the developmental fate of segments of the fly.
      Some of these genes (Ultrabithorax, Antennapedia and fushi tarazu) share homology
      due to their conservation of a 'homoeo domain'1,2 consisting of 60 amino acids.
      Cross-hybridization and cloning experiments show that the homoeo domain is
      conserved in a frog (Xenopus laevis) gene expressed in early development and may
      also be present in earthworm, beetle, chicken, mouse and human genomes. The
      extreme conservation found in the amino acid sequences between the Drosophila and
      Xenopus domains suggests that the domain has a vital function in the control of
      early development. Here we report the results of a search made in the Dayhoff
      sequence bank, which reveals a lesser but apparently significant homology between
      the homoeo domain and the amino acids coded from parts of the a 1 and alpha 2
      mating type genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6429550
TI  - Detection of gametocytes in chickens recovered from natural infection with
      Leucocytozoon caulleryi.
AB  - Gametocytes of Leucocytozoon caulleryi were found again in two chickens from the
      peripheral blood of which they had been detected in the previous year. It was
      discussed from the results of agar gel precipitation tests whether these chickens
      were involved in the reinfection or the relapse of this organism.

PMID- 6429551
TI  - Why health economics?

PMID- 6429552
TI  - [Is there a relation between duodenal diverticula near Vater's papilla and
      biliary tract diseases?].

PMID- 6429553
TI  - [Vascular diseases and sterilization in man: nonsense?].

PMID- 6429554
TI  - [Problems in anti-rhesus (D) immunoprophylaxis].

PMID- 6429555
TI  - [Medical technology, a problem?].

PMID- 6429556
TI  - [A laboratory error with fatal results].

PMID- 6429557
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase from human uterine myoma. I. Purification and some
      properties.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase from human uterine myoma was purified to homogeneity by
      butanol extraction, acetone precipitation, column chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, QAE-Sephadex and Con-A-Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and
      preparative electrophoresis. The relative molecular mass (145 000), subunit mass
      (35 000), neutral sugars (7 micrograms/mg) and sialic acid (1 microgram/mg)
      content were estimated. pH optimum of the enzyme activity was 10.0-10.4, and Km
      for p-nitrophenyl phosphate was 0.23 mM. The enzyme was inhibited by Zn2+,
      phosphate, fluoride, EDTA and by treatment with neuraminidase. Mg2+ activated
      alkaline phosphatase and showed protective effect towards inhibition by EDTA and
      Zn2+. The uterine muscle alkaline phosphatase was also purified. It showed lower
      specific activity than myoma phosphatase, higher molecular mass (160 000) and
      subunit mass (76 400), higher neutral sugar and sialic acid content.

PMID- 6429558
TI  - Chronic hemodialysis: high risk patients for arrhythmias?
AB  - Patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing chronic maintenance dialysis
      (HD) are a high risk group for sudden death due to cardiovascular complications.
      It was the aim of the study to investigate the quantity and quality of
      arrhythmias during HD and between two consecutive HD (interval, I) with regard to
      the reproducibility of the expected results. 15 patients (8 males, 7 females)
      underwent continuous Holter monitoring (LT-ECG) under ambulatory conditions over
      96 h including two HD ( HD1 + HD2 ) and two intervals (I1 + I2). The LT-ECG
      recordings were analysed with the computer assisted ' Multipass -Scanning' system
      with regard to heart rate (HR), supraventricular premature beats (SPB),
      ventricular ectopics (PVC) and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. RESULTS: The HR
      demonstrated a typical, well-known circadian pattern with remarkable increase of
      the HR during each HD. Except for rare, single SPB and/or PVC, no
      supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias could be detected reproducibly.
      Single PVC occurred in patients with a lower potassium value. No malignant
      ventricular arrhythmias were found. In comparison to previously published
      studies, which demonstrated a high incidence of malignant ventricular
      arrhythmias, these conflicting results were due to differences in patients'
      recruitment (underlying disease, age, etc.), the performance of HD (duration, ion
      concentration of the dialysate etc.), serum potassium levels and drug medication
      (digitalis, quinidine). In summary, chronic HD per se did not enhance the risk of
      malignant arrhythmias in patients with end-stage kidney disease.

PMID- 6429559
TI  - Bacillus cereus as agent of peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6429560
TI  - Effects of some anticonvulsant drugs on brain GABA level and GAD and GABA-T
      activities.
AB  - The effect of anticonvulsant drugs was examined on brain GABA levels and GAD and
      GABA-T activities. The level of GABA was increased by the treatment with
      diphenylhydantoin. The drug had no effect on GABA-T activity, whereas GAD
      activity was inhibited. Carbamazepine increased the GABA level but did not effect
      GAD and GABA-T activities. Diazepam had no effect on GABA level and GAD activity,
      whereas it caused a slight inhibition of GABA-T activity. Phenobarbital
      administration decreased GABA level only at the higher concentration. Clonazepam
      effected only GAD activity. Some anticonvulsant drugs generally increase brain
      GABA level; however the lack of correlation with an effect on the GAD and GABA-T
      activities indicate that other factors than metabolism, such as membrane
      transport processes, are involved in the mechanism of action of anticonvulsant
      drugs.

PMID- 6429561
TI  - Administration of monosodium glutamate to neonatal male rats: alterations in the
      gonadotrophs and in gonadotrophin secretion.
AB  - We have studied the effect of administration of L-monosodium glutamate (MSG) to
      neonatal rats on gonadotroph morphology and gonadotrophin secretion in the
      prepubertal male rat. Rats were injected with MSG (4 mg/g body weight) or with
      0.1 ml saline/10 g body weight on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 of life (day of birth =
      day 0) and were used for experiment on day 40. Trunk blood was collected from 8
      saline- and 9 MSG-injected rats for assay of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations. One-half of the anterior
      pituitary gland was assayed for LH and FSH concentrations and the other half was
      placed in culture medium for a 30-min preincubation and then placed in fresh
      medium for a 2-hour incubation (basal LH and FSH release). An additional 4 rats
      in each group were killed and the pituitary glands were prepared for histological
      examination and immunocytochemical staining of LH and FSH cells and morphometric
      examination of these cells at the light microscopic level. The morphometric
      analyses were compared with those performed previously by us on adult male
      rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429562
TI  - Interactions of trazodone with serotonin neurons and receptors.
AB  - Trazodone, 2-[3-[4-(m-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl]-s- triazolo[4,3
      a]pyridin-3(2H)one, was evaluated as an inhibitor of uptake into serotonin
      neurons in vivo in the brains of mice and rats by determining its ability to
      antagonize the depletion of brain serotonin by p-chloroamphetamine. In mice,
      trazodone was inactive under conditions in which many antidepressant drugs and
      other inhibitors of uptake are potent antagonists of the depletion of serotonin
      in brain induced by p-chloroamphetamine. Weak inhibition of uptake into serotonin
      containing neurons in brain in vivo was demonstrated early after the injection of
      trazodone in rats, especially when the dose of p-chloroamphetamine was reduced to
      facilitate competitive inhibition of its effects. However, the effects of
      trazodone were short-lasting. Trazodone did not potentiate the elevation of serum
      corticosterone by L-5-hydroxytryptophan, in contrast to the effect of fluoxetine,
      a potent and selective inhibitor of the uptake of serotonin. Instead, trazodone
      antagonized a response mediated by a serotonin receptor, i.e. elevation of serum
      corticosterone by a serotonin agonist, quipazine, in rats. Trazodone also
      antagonized the serotonin-induced contraction of the rat jugular vein in vitro (a
      response mediated by 5-HT2 receptors), the pA2 being 8.79. These findings agree
      with previous reports that trazodone is a potent antagonist of serotonergic
      function. These data, together with earlier evidence, suggest it is unlikely that
      the inhibition of uptake of serotonin contributes to the clinical antidepressant
      effects of trazodone.

PMID- 6429563
TI  - Discrimination of the amphetamine cue. Effects of A, B and mixed type inhibitors
      of monoamine oxidase.
AB  - Rats were trained to discriminate between the effects of 0.6 mg/kg of (+)
      amphetamine given intraperitoneally saline in a two-lever operant task, according
      to a fixed ratio ( FR10 ) schedule of food reinforcement. Once trained (greater
      than 90% responding on the appropriate lever during sessions with drug and
      saline, respectively over 2 weeks), they were given tests of generalization with
      various type A, type B or mixed type monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).
      Generalization was tested during the first 100 sec of a 15 min trial during which
      no reinforcements were given (extinction) followed by reinforcement on both
      levers for the rest of the session. Generalization to amphetamine was estimated
      using both the percentage of responding on the "drug lever" and a measure of
      choice of lever. None of the type A MAOI's tested [ cimoxatone (MD 780515),
      clorgyline, LY 51641, moclobemide (Ro 11-1163), toloxatone] showed generalization
      towards the lever for amphetamine. Clear or partial amphetamine-like responding
      was observed with the B type MAOI (+/-)-deprenyl and LY 54761 but not with two
      other type B MAOI's MD 240928 or pargyline. (+/-)-Tranylcypromine, but not
      nialamide (mixed type MAOI's), induced dose-dependent responding on the lever for
      amphetamine. It was concluded that amphetamine-like activity was not an intrinsic
      property of A or B type MAOI's.

PMID- 6429564
TI  - Effects of a benzodiazepine antagonist on the diazepam-induced electrical brain
      activity modifications.
AB  - Brain electrical activity changes induced by Ro 15-1788, an antagonist of central
      benzodiazepine effects, were investigated in 10 normal subjects. The diazepam
      induced sedation, as ascertained by spontaneous EEG, was rapidly reversed after
      an intravenous injection of 5 mg Ro 15-1788. There appeared to be a good
      correlation between the EEG and evoked responses modifications; the decrease of
      the amplitude of the N2 wave may reflect an increase of alertness.

PMID- 6429565
TI  - Phenytoin pharmacokinetics in catamenial epilepsy.
AB  - It is not known why the frequency of seizures sometimes increases in the
      perimenstrual period (catamenial epilepsy). We have examined the possibility that
      changes in anticonvulsant pharmacokinetics may be responsible. Seventeen women
      with seizures who were taking phenytoin (DPH) and whose seizures were more
      frequent perimenstrually were examined twice each, once on the first or second
      menstrual day and again after 2 weeks. Mean serum DPH levels were lower during
      the menses. In seven women with seizures unrelated to menses, the fall of DPH
      levels was much smaller. In catamenial epilepsy, the fall was due to increased
      DPH clearance. At the time of ovulation, hepatic DPH metabolism may be slowed by
      competition from steroid hormones.

PMID- 6429566
TI  - Effect of recurrent seizures in pregnant rabbits on the development of fetal
      brain.

PMID- 6429567
TI  - Gunshot wounds: a historical perspective.

PMID- 6429568
TI  - Leading causes of death for active duty military personnel.

PMID- 6429569
TI  - A method to reduce work-related injuries during basic recruit training in the New
      Zealand Army.

PMID- 6429570
TI  - Military police traffic surveillance activity and occurrence of accidents in
      Israel.

PMID- 6429571
TI  - Wound management in military working dogs: a review.

PMID- 6429572
TI  - The canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) epizootic in Vietnam and
      its implications for the veterinary care of military working dogs.

PMID- 6429573
TI  - Report of a survey on the role of occupational therapy personnel in the event of
      mobilization.

PMID- 6429574
TI  - FDA and Naval approval processes for new drugs and devices.

PMID- 6429575
TI  - Developmental follow-up of military dependents requiring neonatal intensive care.

PMID- 6429576
TI  - Epistaxis and related problems.

PMID- 6429577
TI  - Emergency infusion through the bone.

PMID- 6429578
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 25) Thiamphenicol].

PMID- 6429579
TI  - Nursing service in transition: four perspectives. Interview by Kevin Morrissey.

PMID- 6429580
TI  - DRGs: a medical records perspective.

PMID- 6429581
TI  - In vivo digestion of yogurt lactose by yogurt lactase.

PMID- 6429582
TI  - Infection control in hospital and the community. Skin disinfection.

PMID- 6429583
TI  - Infection control in hospital and the community.

PMID- 6429584
TI  - Anatomy and physiology of respiration.

PMID- 6429585
TI  - Cost concepts and contribution margins.

PMID- 6429586
TI  - Nursing power in the DRG world.

PMID- 6429587
TI  - Law for the nurse manager. Decisions on food and fluid in life-sustaining
      measures.

PMID- 6429588
TI  - Circulating placental proteins in pregnancies complicated by RH isoimmunization.
AB  - Nine pregnant women with Rh isoimmunization who delivered newborns with hydrops
      fetalis were studied. The placental proteins, pregnancy specific beta 1
      glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen, and placental protein 5 (PP5) were
      measured in maternal serum by radioimmunoassays. The results indicate that both
      the serum human placental lactogen and PP5 levels were significantly higher than
      those observed in normal pregnancy. The strikingly higher circulating PP5 levels
      found in all nine patients with Rh isoimmunization studied suggests that serum
      PP5 may be specifically elevated in pregnant patients with Rh isoimmunization and
      hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 6429589
TI  - Fetal growth sustained by parenteral nutrition in pregnancy.
AB  - Severe maternal nutritional deprivation has been associated with intrauterine
      growth retardation, premature labor, and increased perinatal mortality and
      morbidity. The authors present four cases in which total parenteral nutrition was
      used successfully to support fetal growth in such diverse complications as twin
      pregnancy with maternal jejunoileal bypass, regional enteritis, and acute
      pancreatitis. Maintenance of fetal growth as evidenced by serial sonographic
      examination allows achievement of fetal lung maturation before delivery. In all
      the cases presented there was no perinatal mortality or morbidity. The main
      clinical implication of the report is the possible application of total
      parenteral nutrition to maintain adequate growth in fetuses small for gestational
      age because of maternal nutritional deprivation.

PMID- 6429590
TI  - Follicular phase treatment of luteal phase defect with follicle-stimulating
      hormone in infertile women.
AB  - Fifteen infertile women diagnosed by endometrial dating to have a luteal phase
      defect were treated with human pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) for
      45 cycles. Human follicle-stimulating hormone was administered intramuscularly in
      a dose of 50 IU/day (group 1) for 35 cycles and 100 IU/day (group 2) for ten
      cycles from either the third or fifth day of the cycle for five days. Plasma
      estrogen was measured daily during drug injection. Plasma progesterone was
      measured on the fourth, seventh, and tenth days after ovulation by basal body
      temperature during 11 pretreatment control cycles and 39 treatment cycles.
      Endometrial biopsies were performed on the seventh day after ovulation. The daily
      estrogen levels increased gradually during hFSH treatment. There was no
      significant difference between the two dosage groups. The mean progesterone
      levels were: 1) significantly (P less than .02) greater in the treatment cycles
      than in the control cycles, 2) significantly (P less than .05) greater in the
      pregnancy cycles than in the nonpregnancy cycles, 3) significantly (P less than
      .01) greater in the cycles with normal endometrial dating than in the cycles with
      abnormal endometrial dating after treatment, and 4) significantly (P less than
      .05) greater in group 1 than in group 2. After treatment, the endometrial biopsy
      specimens were improved to normal in 20 of 38 cycles. Five patients became
      pregnant during the treatment. The authors have concluded that hFSH may be useful
      in treatment of luteal phase defect.

PMID- 6429591
TI  - Correlation of ultrasonic epiphyseal centers and the lecithin: sphingomyelin
      ratio.
AB  - Ossification centers about the fetal knee were identified and measured by
      ultrasound in 133 nondiabetic patients who underwent amniocentesis for
      determination of the amniotic fluid lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio (L:S ratio)
      between 28 and 42 weeks' gestation. A distal femoral epiphysis measuring greater
      than or equal to 5 mm and a proximal tibial epiphysis measuring 3 mm or greater
      was seen at 34 to 35 weeks' gestation. A mature lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio
      (lecithin: sphingomyelin greater than or equal to 2.0) was present with 66, 94,
      and 100% of proximal tibial epiphysis measuring 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 7 mm,
      respectively. A mature lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio was present with 39, 76, and
      95% of distal femoral epiphysis measuring 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 7 mm,
      respectively. These results suggest that in nondiabetic patients, the
      ossification centers about the fetal knee as measured by ultrasound correlate
      well with amniotic fluid lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio.

PMID- 6429592
TI  - Canalization of human cervical mucus.
AB  - Cervical mucus forms channels when dried under a coverslip. The aim of the
      present work was: 1) to prove mucus canalization both in spontaneous ovulatory
      cycles and during ovulation induction with gonadotropins; 2) to prove the
      estrogen dependence of this phenomenon; 3) to check the importance of the
      proteidic and electrolytic concentration on chaneling; and 4) to use this
      phenomenon clinically, shortening the time in which it occurs. The number and
      arrangement of channels vary during the cycle. The phenomenon is estrogen
      dependent. The comparison between estradiol values and the number of channels
      during spontaneous ovulatory cycles and treatment with gonadotropins showed a
      linear relationship. Treatment with estradiol 17 beta-valerate and ethinyl
      estradiol induced channel formation in women with primary amenorrhea.
      Canalization and ferning disappeared after dialysis or treatment with proteolytic
      enzymes. It follows that the two phenomena have similar characteristics.
      Canalization increases daily, as does estradiol, whereas ferning maintains the
      same grade for a longer period, and when a grade of + + + is reached, it provides
      no further indications. With the use of a thermostat, canalization occurred in
      only a few hours. Chaneling, a more precise index, could therefore substitute for
      ferning, particularly when monitoring the induction of ovulation.

PMID- 6429593
TI  - Effects of experimental head compression on transcutaneous scalp PO2 in fetal
      lambs.
AB  - Equatorial compression of the fetal head is known to occur during labor; its
      effect on trancutaneous scalp PO2 (PtCO2) was investigated in acute experiments
      in four fetal lambs. Fetal PtCO2, and oxygen tension (PaO2) and flow in a carotid
      artery were continuously measured. Equatorial head compression was obtained by
      inflating a cuff around the fetal head. A strong relationship was shown to exist
      between PtCO2 and PaO2 values in the normoxemic and hypoxemic fetus. Stepwise
      compression of the fetal head resulted in a PtCO2 of zero at cuff pressures of 40
      to 50 mmHg. Laborlike fetal head compression with an intensity of 50 to 70 mmHg
      and a duration of one minute resulted in a 30 to 60% fall in PtCO2. Fetal PaO2
      remained stable in all experiments. The present findings indicate that values of
      PtCO2 during fetal head compression do not reflect fetal arterial oxygen tension.
      This questions the reliability of transcutaneous PO2 monitoring as a method of
      intrapartum surveillance.

PMID- 6429594
TI  - Thyroxine-binding globulin in serum and milk specimens from puerperal lactating
      women.
AB  - The whey fraction of human milk contains a thyroxine-binding protein analogous to
      serum thyroxine-binding globulin. To assess the method by which this binding
      protein appears in milk over the course of lactation, paired serum and milk
      specimens from 45 healthy, euthyroid women were assayed for thyroxine-binding
      globulin and whey thyroxine-binding globulin using a highly specific thyroxine
      binding globulin-radioimmunoassay. Elevated serum levels (39.2 +/- 4.72
      micrograms thyroxine-binding globulin/mL; mean + SD, N = 5) were found in samples
      drawn at less than two weeks post partum. These levels normalized rapidly over
      the next three weeks post partum (26.0 +/- 3.3 micrograms/mL, P less than .005, N
      = 5), and by five weeks, no further significant decreases were observed. As was
      the case for serum thyroxine-binding globulin, whey thyroxine-binding globulin
      was present in its highest concentrations (79.3 +/- 13.4 micrograms/dL, N = 7) in
      the colostrum and transitional milk. These levels are equivalent to approximately
      2 to 3% of serum concentrations. In contrast to serum thyroxine-binding globulin
      levels, however, whey thyroxine-binding globulin declined logarithmically over a
      protracted 12-week period, and no further significant changes in whey thyroxine
      binding globulin concentrations were observed up to 20 weeks post partum, at
      which time they were approximately equal to 1% of serum thyroxine-binding
      globulin levels. A strong linear correlation between serum and whey thyroxine
      binding globulin was found within the first five weeks post partum (r2 = .95, P
      less than .0005, N = 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429595
TI  - Evaluating health, safety services' cost effectiveness to small business.

PMID- 6429596
TI  - [Clinical and histopathological findings in an unknown oculocerebral abnormality
      syndrome].
AB  - 2 brothers of a genetically healthy family were born with multiple identical
      malformations and died at the age of 11 and 15 years. Clinically they presented
      hydrocephalus with convulsions, spastic dysplegia and blindness. Ophthalmologic
      investigations revealed one macrophthalmic eye with retinal malformations and
      deeply pigmented, partly occluded choroid, abnormal scleral pigmentation and
      optic atrophy. The other small eye showed meso- and ectodermal dysgenesis of the
      anterior segment and total retinal detachment as well as optic dysplasia. The
      brain was remarkably abnormal as well.

PMID- 6429597
TI  - Ocular neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A 4 1/2-month-old girl with unilateral congenital glaucoma of the left eye
      subsequently underwent five surgical procedures that proved to be unsuccessful in
      controlling the intraocular pressure. Neurofibromatosis was diagnosed at the age
      of 5 1/2 years when she was found to have a plexiform neuroma of the left eyelids
      and multiple cafe au lait spots including in the left temple. Two years later the
      buphthalmic left globe was enucleated. Histopathologic findings included a
      diffuse neurofibroma of the ciliary body and choroid, peripheral anterior
      synechiae, total angle closure, and endothelialization of the iris, all of which
      probably contributed to the glaucoma. Other interesting features were melanocytic
      hamartomas of the iris, an anterior subcapsular cataract and ovoid bodies in the
      diffuse neurofibroma of the choroid.

PMID- 6429598
TI  - Relating quality assurance to credentials and privileges.

PMID- 6429599
TI  - Initiating a quality assurance program in a public psychiatric outpatient
      service.

PMID- 6429600
TI  - Prospective quality assurance.

PMID- 6429601
TI  - Using a patient routing list to document preoperative instruction.

PMID- 6429602
TI  - Quality assurance in a CMHC: a program to use underutilized resources.

PMID- 6429603
TI  - Developing a QA plan for hospital-based education departments.
AB  - The educational QA plan and report provided better definition of the educator's
      role in a hospital setting; clearer understanding of relationships between QA
      professionals and management; more realistic goals and objectives reflecting the
      education department's capabilities; better communication and documentation of
      the education department's accomplishments including the rationale behind all
      decisions and actions; increased accountability for the educator, manager, and QA
      professional; and a mechanism for receiving and distributing problem referrals.

PMID- 6429604
TI  - [Our experience with the treatment of post-traumatic ossification of the elbow
      joint].

PMID- 6429605
TI  - The effect of radiation on connective tissue.

PMID- 6429606
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi variants with reduced virulence obtained by mutagenesis.
AB  - Previous reports have indicated that by mutagen treatment of mouse tumour cells
      in vitro it is possible to obtain at high frequency stable tumour cell variants
      that fail to form tumours in syngeneic mice because of increased immunogenicity.
      By analogy with these tumour cell variants, we examined whether variants with
      reduced virulence could be obtained by mutagen treatment of trypomastigotes
      derived from a Trypanosoma cruzi strain that was adapted to culture and produced
      lethal infections in DBA/2 mice at a dose of 5 X 10(4) parasites. A very large
      frequency of T. cruzi clones were obtained that failed to provoke an acute lethal
      infection after injection of 5 X 10(5) parasites. Most of these variants with
      reduced virulence (vir-) multiplied actively in normal mice until day 8 after
      injection. After that time the parasitaemia decreased gradually. For most
      variants a low level of residual parasitaemia persisted for more than 100 days.
      Unlike the situation encountered with mouse tumour cell variants it was not
      possible to demonstrate the presence of new antigens on the T. cruzi vir-
      variants. However, these variants seemed to have acquired an increased
      immunogenicity since they provoked the rejection of virulent parasites injected
      concomitantly. Mice that had been immunized with living vir- clones were
      protected against a challenge with a virulent clone derived from the original
      parasite population.

PMID- 6429607
TI  - [Relation between the antigenic properties of warble flies and their origin].
AB  - Common antigenic components were studied in 14 species and 7 genera of 3 families
      of gadflies. Common antigenic components of the family Hypodermatidae were
      studied most thouroughly. No antigenic affinity was found between the families of
      gadflies. As far as these characters are most distinct in quantitative respect in
      the family Hypodermatidae the author suggests a comparative youth of this family
      and recommends to use immunobiological reactions for classification and
      definition of phylogenetic affinity of gadflies and other endo and ectoparasites
      which have common antigenic structures. The possibility to use monopreparations
      for diagnosis and prophylaxis of diseases caused by gadflies larvae is
      considered.

PMID- 6429608
TI  - [Bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin on Gram-negative bacilli and strict
      anaerobic bacteria. Multicenter study].
AB  - This work reports a multicenter study of the bacteriostatic activity of
      apalcillin, a new N-acyl-penicillin, against 1 827 clinical isolates of Gram
      negative bacilli and obligate anaerobes. The modal minimal inhibitory
      concentrations (MICs) for susceptible strains are (mg/l) : Salmonella-Shigella :
      1 ; E. coli : 0.5-2 ; Klebsiella : 4 ; Citrobacter : 1-2 ; Enterobacter : 2 ;
      Serratia : 8 ; Proteus-Providencia : 1 ; Acinetobacter : 1-4 ; P. aeruginosa : 2
      ; H. influenzae : 0.06 ; C. perfringens : 0.03-01 ; Peptococcus : 0.2 ; B.
      fragilis : 16. Against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, apalcillin is as
      active as mezlocillin and piperacillin, and much more than carbenicillin. Against
      P. aeruginosa, apalcillin is the most active penicillin : 2 to 16 fold more
      active than azlocillin and piperacillin, and 2 to 128 fold more active than
      ticarcillin. Against H. influenzae, C. perfringens and Peptococcus, apalcillin
      has MICs similar to those of other N-acyl penicillins, and inferior to those of
      carboxypenicillins . Apalcillin, as other penicillins, is poorly active against
      B. fragilis.

PMID- 6429609
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity test. Comparative multicenter study of the gel diffusion
      and ATB methods].
AB  - The ATB method is a new method for antibiotic susceptibility testing. In a
      collaborative study, it was compared to a standard disc diffusion method. 23
      strains were tested to determine reproducibility and 969 strains were used in the
      comparative study. Reproducibility of both methods is equivalent; differences due
      to strains were observed. Agreement between both methods is 87,9%, minor
      discrepancies are 8,7% and major discrepancies are 3,3%. Significant differences
      were found for carbenicillin and cefalotin and confirmed by MIC determination
      using the agar dilution method. Overall results show that the ATB method is
      reliable and comparable to disc diffusion for routine susceptibility testing.

PMID- 6429610
TI  - [Resistance to pristinamycin (or virginiamycin) of strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus].
AB  - Resistance to pristinamycin (or virginiamycin) was first encountered in
      Staphylococcus aureus strains in 1975. These strains are usually multiresistant,
      in particular to streptogramin A components (SgA), macrolides, lincosamides and
      streptogramin B components (ML SgB ). Results of molecular analysis of 16 such
      strains, recently isolated, suggests that SgA resistance is not encoded by
      plasmid genes. Curing and mixed culture experiments allowed us to dissociate SgA
      from SgB resistance genes. Conversely, in a previous study on other strains, the
      same two resistance genes were shown to be carried by a single plasmid and could
      not be dissociated. Since 1981, a new type of pristinamycin -resistant S. aureus
      strains has been isolated. These strains are resistant to SgA and lincosamides
      but susceptible to macrolides and SgB . Eight such strains from 3 parisian
      hospitals have been studied. In mixed culture experiments, SgA resistance and
      penicillinase genes always transferred jointly. In some instances, these two
      determinants also cotransferred with genes encoding lincomycin, lincomycin and
      clindamycin, and/or aminoglycosides resistance.

PMID- 6429611
TI  - [Comparative in vitro activity of 5 beta-lactams (cefoperazone, cefsulodin,
      ceftazidime, azthreonam, N-formimidoyl-thienamycin) on 90 strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa with various levels of resistance to ticarcillin].
AB  - Five beta-lactams with anti-pseudomonal activity were tested against P.
      aeruginosa strains resistant to various concentrations of ticarcillin (from 256
      to 8192 mg/l). MIC geometric means found for the totality of strains were as
      follows: 1.52 mg/l for ceftazidime; 1.80 mg/l for N-f-thienamycin; 4.79 mg/l for
      azthreonam; 17.3 mg/l for cefsulodin; 50.9 mg/l for cefoperazone. Activities of
      ceftazidime, N-f-thienamycin and azthreonam were not related to the level of
      ticarcillin resistance. Cefoperazone and, to a lesser degree, cefsulodin showed
      cross resistance with ticarcillin: these drugs were not active when ticarcillin
      MICs reached 512 mg/l and 4 096 mg/l respectively.

PMID- 6429612
TI  - [In vitro comparative activity of 4 beta-lactams against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Role of cefoperazone].
AB  - The authors compared in vitro activity of cefoperazone, piperacillin,
      carbenicillin and ceftazidime against 100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar
      dilution method. Minimal bactericidal concentrations were measured using
      microplates. Eighty-two percent of strains were susceptible or intermediate to
      cefoperazone, with MICs less than 30 micrograms/ml. The geometric mean of the
      MICs of cefoperazone was 14.3 micrograms/ml; MIC 50 was 6.9 micrograms/ml.
      Activity of cefoperazone was comparable to that of carbenicillin, to which eighty
      three percent of strains were susceptible, with MICs less than or equal to 128
      micrograms/ml. Ceftazidime was also highly active against Pseudomonas, with a
      mean MIC of 3.29 micrograms/ml. MIC 50 was 1.9 micrograms/ml. Piperacillin was
      slightly less active, with MICs less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml for 35% of
      strains. Cefoperazone exhibited bactericidal activity on 50% of strains at a 28.8
      micrograms/ml concentration. These values must be interpreted with caution as
      they do not allow for the phenomenon of regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to
      the presence of microaggregates of the bacteria in vivo despite bactericidal
      concentrations of antibiotic.

PMID- 6429613
TI  - [Influence of the inoculum effect on the MIC and MBC of 5 beta-lactams against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - MICs and MBCs of five beta-lactams , i.e. ticarcillin, azlocillin, piperacillin,
      cefsulodin and ceftazidime for 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied
      with inocula ranging from 10(3) to 10(9) CFU/ml. Each antibiotic exhibited an
      inoculum effect at 10(5)-10(7) CFU/ml. However, ticarcillin had smaller MIC and
      MBC increments than the four other drugs, making it more suitable in certain
      cases.

PMID- 6429614
TI  - [Application of a millipore membrane transfer method to the study of the activity
      of 4 beta-lactams on Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - In vitro activities of four cephalosporins, i.e. cefoperazone, cefsulodin,
      ceftazidime and CM 40874, on 31 ticarcillin-susceptible or resistant Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa strains were compared. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal
      concentrations were determined by the conventional broth technique and by a
      filter membrane transfer method on agar. MICs determined by both methods were
      comparable for each strain. Some discrepancies were found for minimal
      bactericidal concentrations. Among the cephalosporins studied on ticarcillin
      susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, the most active was ceftazidime,
      followed by cefsulodin, CM 40874 and cefoperazone. Resistance of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa to ticarcillin was associated with an overall increase in resistance
      to the four cephalosporins studied. These cephalosporins can be classified
      according to bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect in the following decreasing
      order: ceftazidime, CM 40874, cefsulodin and cefoperazone.

PMID- 6429615
TI  - [In vivo-acquired resistance to cefsulodin by a strain of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa].
AB  - We isolated a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain which was initially cefsulodin
      susceptible (J1, MIC = 4 g/l) and became resistant (J2, MIC greater than 64 g/l)
      after 12 days of treatment of the patient with cefsulodin. Strain J2 had a
      constitutive beta-lactamase with hydrolytic activities similar to those of a
      cephalosporinase and an isoelectric point at 8.1. This enzyme (Case) may be
      related to the ld type. Concomitant development of resistances to various beta
      lactams stable to Case suggests that other mechanisms of resistance may be
      involved.

PMID- 6429616
TI  - [Action of pristinamycin on Chlamydia].
AB  - In vitro study on C. psittaci and C. trachomatis demonstrates that pristinamycin
      is active in a very small dose. With 5 g/l, inclusions are rare. To study
      pristinamycin activity in vivo, we used mice infected IP with C. psittaci.
      Mortality in the control group was 70%. Three groups of mice received 25 mg/kg,
      50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg pristinamycin respectively. The antibiotic was active in
      the 100 mg/kg dosage which is the therapeutic dosage. Due to its action on
      Gonococcus, it would be of interest to study pristinamycin in patients with
      sexually transmitted disease.

PMID- 6429617
TI  - Enzyme induction in neonates after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.
AB  - The 13C-AP breath test is shown to be a convenient, noninvasive method to monitor
      velocity and capacity of P450-dependent AP N-demethylation in infancy and
      childhood. According to 13C-AP breath tests, neonates have a very low capacity to
      eliminate 13CO2, which is only 15 to 21% of the activity in adults. During the
      first year of life AP N-demethylation increases to reach its maximum at about 2
      years; afterwards a slight decrease occurs. In 25 neonates exposed prenatally to
      different antiepileptic drugs 13C-AP breath test was efficiently used to prove
      that cytochrome AP N-demethylation was considerably stimulated. After
      primidone/phenobarbitone, especially in combination with phenytoin, 13C
      elimination reaches and even surpasses the range for older children. Valproate
      exposure during fetal life is not consistently followed by a significant increase
      in AP N-demethylation. The enzyme induction demonstrated by 13C-AP breath test
      was often accompanied by accelerated metabolic clearance and shortened half-life
      times of transplacentally acquired antiepileptic drugs. There was good agreement
      between 13C-AP breath tests and pharmacokinetic data for primidone/phenobarbitone
      but not for phenytoin. In contrast, in the case of phenytoin exposure during
      pregnancy the pharmacokinetic parameters and the 13C breath test data will
      transport very different informations about enzyme induction in these neonates.

PMID- 6429618
TI  - Serum protein binding of diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, furosemide, indomethacin,
      warfarin, and phenobarbital in human fetus, mother, and newborn infant.
AB  - The protein binding of diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, furosemide, indomethacin,
      warfarin, and phenobarbital in maternal and fetal cord serum at the time of
      birth, and in serum of neonates between 1 and 11 days of age was studied. The
      protein binding of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam was higher in the fetus than in
      the mother, thus explaining the fetal cumulation of these drugs in vivo. After
      birth, both drugs were partially displaced from neonatal binding sites. The
      decreased protein binding capacity in the mother and the neonate related to
      increased free fatty-acid levels. The pattern of protein binding of warfarin in
      the groups investigated was a mirror image of those of diazepam and its
      metabolite. The protein binding of indomethacin progressively decreased in the
      neonate during the first two postnatal weeks, while that of furosemide remained
      at lowered levels throughout this time interval. The protein binding of
      phenobarbital was similar in the groups investigated. Our results suggest that
      drugs such as diazepam, which can be displaced from binding sites by free fatty
      acids, may cumulate in the fetus and may exhibit much decreased protein binding
      and possibly unexpectedly strong effects in the neonate after birth.

PMID- 6429619
TI  - Factors associated with adverse drug reactions in the newborn.
AB  - Risk factors associated with the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were
      evaluated in 1,200 neonates in an intensive care setting. Three-hundred-and
      twenty-six neonates (27.1%) developed at least one ADR, 153 of whom had moderate
      to severe (fatal or life threatening) ADR. Severe prematurity (less than 28
      weeks) gestation and diseases of prematurity (eg, RDS, apnea, and necrotizing
      enterocolitis) as well as the use of mechanical ventilation and parenteral
      nutrition were associated with highly significant increase in ADR occurrence.
      Impairment of liver and renal function both predisposed neonates to develop ADR.

PMID- 6429620
TI  - Theophylline for chronic asthma: rationale for treatment, product selection, and
      dosage schedule.
AB  - Although theophylline has been available for over 50 years, only in the last 10
      years has an understanding of its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics permitted
      its use with optimal efficacy and safety. Serum concentrations between 10 and 20
      mcg/ml stabilize the hyperreactive airways that characterize asthma as measured
      by exercise-induced bronchospasm and clinical suppression of asthmatic symptoms,
      even among those patients not sufficiently controlled with bronchodilators alone
      who consequently require inhaled or oral corticosteroid therapy. Careful dosage
      titration prevents adverse effects, especially when final dosage is guided by
      measurement of serum concentration. Large interpatient variability in dose
      requirements is seen, but there is normally little intrapatient variability
      except when physiologic abnormalities or drug interactions alter the elimination
      of theophylline. Rapid elimination, rapid absorption from conventional products,
      and the narrow therapeutic range for theophylline result in clinically important
      fluctuations in serum concentration and consequent effect unless unrealistically
      short dosing intervals are maintained or reliable slow-release formulations are
      used. Slow-release theophylline products vary, however, and performance often
      does not match the manufacturer's claims. Assessment requires characterization of
      absorption rate, which then allows prediction of fluctuations in serum
      concentration at specified dose intervals and defined rates of elimination.

PMID- 6429621
TI  - Kinetics of uptake of L-leucine and glycylsarcosine into normal and protein
      malnourished young rat jejunum.
AB  - The impact of malnutrition on peptide and amino acid absorption has been studied
      in the immediate postweaning period. At this time peptide uptake is
      quantitatively more important than amino acid uptake and the vulnerability of the
      infant to malnutrition is great. Everted rings of rat jejunum were used to
      investigate the uptake of the peptide glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) and the amino
      acid L-leucine. The animals had been weaned on to isocaloric diets containing 18%
      or 4% protein. The rats deprived of protein at this age showed a marked growth
      disturbance with considerable reduction in gut length in addition to poor weight
      gain. Mediated influx of Gly-Sar and leucine per centimeter of jejunum was
      reduced in the malnourished animals: Vmax, 77 +/- 7.1 (SEM) and 65 +/- 3.6
      compared with 85 +/- 10.6 and 77 +/- 4.4 nmol . min-1 . cm-1., respectively. But,
      when expressed in relation to body weight, the maximal transport capacity showed
      a marked increase with malnutrition, values being 126 and 111 nmol-1 . cm-1 . 100
      g-1 body weight compared with 39 and 35 nmol-1 . cm-1 . 100 g-1 body weight for
      Gly-Sar and leucine respectively.

PMID- 6429622
TI  - Sanfilippo type C diagnosis: assay of acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N
      acetyltransferase using [14C]glucosamine as substrate and leukocytes as enzyme
      source.
AB  - We describe an assay for acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase
      using purified [14C]glucosamine as substrate, and leukocytes as enzyme source.
      The assay is suitable for the diagnosis of homozygous and heterozygous carriers
      of Sanfilippo syndrome type C.

PMID- 6429623
TI  - [Histamine level of basophils in children with pollinosis treated with pollinex].

PMID- 6429624
TI  - [Serological conflict in the maternal phenotype system Rh-D-/-D- and the neonatal
      system -D-/cde].

PMID- 6429625
TI  - Apnea of prematurity: I. Lung function and regulation of breathing.
AB  - It has been suggested that apnea of prematurity may be caused by "immaturity" of
      central control of breathing. To test the validity of this hypothesis tidal
      volume (VT), alveolar ventilation (VA), alveolar Pco2 (Paco2), esophageal
      pressure change, and the slope of the CO2 response curve (delta Ve [minute
      ventilation]/delta Paco2) were determined in 18 infants with apnea (mean of 32
      episodes of more than 20 seconds duration per day) and in 18 healthy newborns
      used as control subjects. The infants were matched for birth weight (1,068 g v
      1,065 g), gestational age (30.2 weeks v 30.2 weeks), and postnatal age (8.6 days
      v 8.3 days). The results were as follows: Vt (4.4 +/- 1.0 mL/kg v 5.3 +/- 1.6
      mL/kg), Va (96 +/- 21 mL/kg/min v 129 +/- 33 mL/kg/min), Paco2 (45.4 +/- 8.5 mm
      Hg v 35.6 +/- 4.7 mm Hg), esophageal pressure change (4.5 +/- 0.9 cm H2O v 6.0 +/
      1.8 cm H2O), delta Ve/delta Paco2 (20.2 +/- 10.6 mL/min/kg/mm Hg CO2 v 40.7 +/-
      19.9 mL/min/kg/mm Hg CO2). There was a significant difference between infants
      with and without apnea for all measurements. The results indicate a decreased
      respiratory center output and a depressed ventilatory response to CO2 in infants
      with apnea. As there was no difference between the two groups in pulmonary
      mechanics or oxygenation, the findings support the hypothesis that a central
      disturbance in regulation of breathing is the cause of apnea in these infants.

PMID- 6429626
TI  - Incidence of invasive bacterial disease in children with fever and petechiae.
AB  - The records of 129 patients admitted to the hospital with the findings of fever
      and petechiae were reviewed to determine the incidence of invasive bacterial
      disease in patients with this symptom complex. Twenty-six patients (20.2%) had
      culture-proven bacterial infections; 13 (11.1%) of the group had Neisseria
      meningitidis, eight had Haemophilus influenzae type B. No single laboratory test
      was sufficiently sensitive to detect all patients with life-threatening bacterial
      infections, but a combination of normal laboratory findings was highly specific
      for those without significant disease.

PMID- 6429627
TI  - [Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in pediatrics (1)].

PMID- 6429628
TI  - DRGs: changes and challenges.

PMID- 6429629
TI  - DRGs: regulatory adjustments.

PMID- 6429630
TI  - DRGs: a medical records perspective.

PMID- 6429631
TI  - Should patient care revenues be used to educate health professionals?

PMID- 6429632
TI  - The impact of DRGs on educational programs in nursing.

PMID- 6429633
TI  - DRGs: history and overview.

PMID- 6429634
TI  - DRGs as one of nine approaches to case mix in transition.

PMID- 6429635
TI  - Will your computer meet your case-mix informational needs?

PMID- 6429636
TI  - Relative intensity measures and the state of the art of reimbursement for nursing
      services.

PMID- 6429637
TI  - A nursing perspective of the DRG world.

PMID- 6429638
TI  - Nursing gears up for DRGs: management strategies.

PMID- 6429639
TI  - DRGs: imperative strategies for nursing service administration.

PMID- 6429640
TI  - The challenge: health care in crisis.

PMID- 6429641
TI  - Nursing and DRGs: proactive responses to prospective reimbursement.

PMID- 6429643
TI  - [Determination of secondary photon and neutron radiation doses from the linear
      accelerator Saturne-20].

PMID- 6429642
TI  - The nucleotide sequences of the 5 S rRNAs of seven molds and a yeast and their
      use in studying ascomycete phylogeny.
AB  - The sequences of the 5 S rRNAs isolated from 8 ascomycete species belonging to
      the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium and Candida are reported. Two of
      the examined strains each yielded a mixture of 3 slightly different 5 S RNAs,
      which were individually sequenced after fractionation. A previously published
      sequence for Aspergillus nidulans 5 S RNA was found to contain errors.
      Reconstruction of an evolutionary tree based on 5 S RNA sequences showed that the
      16 presently examined ascomycetes form three clusters. The same threefold
      partition can be observed in the secondary structure pattern, each cluster
      showing a slightly different variant of the general 5-helix model for 5 S rRNA
      (De Wachter, Chen and Vandenberghe (1982) Biochimie 64, 311-329), and different
      sets of secondary structure equilibrium forms in helices C and E of the
      aforementioned model.

PMID- 6429644
TI  - [Combined radiation therapy of cervical cancer (preliminary report)].

PMID- 6429645
TI  - [Hematologic side effects of cancer chemotherapy. General characteristics and
      principles of management].

PMID- 6429646
TI  - Simplified gentamicin dosing in neonates: a time- and cost-efficient approach.
AB  - A nomogram-based method for monitoring gentamicin therapy in neonates was
      developed and evaluated prospectively. Gentamicin dosage adjustment, based on
      analysis of a single blood sample collected between 8 and 12 hours after dose
      administration, resulted in satisfactory serum levels in 79% of the neonates.
      When compared to dosage adjustment methods requiring multiple blood samples, the
      nomogram method is a cost-effective and time-efficient technique for screening
      the appropriateness of gentamicin dosages in neonates.

PMID- 6429647
TI  - Detection of teichoic acid antibodies in children with staphylococcal infections.
AB  - The presence of serum antibodies to teichoic acid was evaluated by gel diffusion
      and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 14 patients with deep-seated
      staphylococcal infection, in 5 patients with superficial staphylococcal
      infections, in 10 patients with Gram-positive infections other than
      staphylococcal and in 12 age-matched, uninfected patients. Serum samples were
      obtained on admission and serially each week during hospitalization. Teichoic
      acid antibodies were detected by gel diffusion in only 5 of 14 patients with deep
      seated staphylococcal infections, in 1 of 10 patients with other Gram-positive
      infections and in none of the other patients. With the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay method all patients with deep-seated staphylococcal
      infections had concentrations of teichoic acid antibodies of 1:1600 or greater,
      and these titers were significantly larger than those in the other groups of
      patients. Using a titer of 1:3200 or greater as a diagnostic level in children
      with deep-seated Staphylococcus aureus infections, the sensitivity was 93% and
      the specificity was 89%. For all staphylococcal infections the sensitivity was
      79% and the specificity was 96%.

PMID- 6429648
TI  - [Testicular xanthogranuloma juvenile].

PMID- 6429649
TI  - Chronotropic response of isolated guinea pig atria to alterations in pCO2,
      bicarbonate, and pH.
AB  - The effect of respiratory and metabolic alterations of extracellular pH on the
      rate of spontaneous contractions of isolated atria of guinea pig hearts was
      examined using a CO2HCO3 buffer system. The rate of contractions increased with
      the increase in pH in the range of 6.8 to 8.25. Respiratory and metabolic
      alterations of pH produced quantitatively similar chronotropic responses.
      However, time-course of rhythm change was significantly faster during respiratory
      alterations of pH. When perfusate pCO2 and bicarbonate were simultaneously raised
      at constant pH, the rate of contractions initially fell and then returned to the
      control value. On the return to control solution a rapid rise in the rate of
      contractions was followed by a slow return to the control value. We conclude that
      the chronotropic responses to acid-base alterations are mediated by changes in
      the intracellular pH.

PMID- 6429650
TI  - Amphetamine anorexia: the effect of radio-frequency lesions and 6-OHDA injections
      into dopaminergic nigro-striatal bundle in cats.
AB  - The effect of radio-frequency (RF) and 6-OHDA lesions of two levels of
      dopaminergic nigro-striatal bundle on amphetamine anorexia was investigated in 4
      groups of cats. RF and 6-OHDA lesions of far-lateral hypothalamus produced
      significant facilitation of feeding after injection of amphetamine. RF and 6-OHDA
      destructions of substantia nigra were with slight or without (respectively)
      effect on amphetamine anorexia. The results suggest that nigrostriatal bundle is
      not essential for mechanisms mediating amphetamine anorexia.

PMID- 6429651
TI  - The influence of memantine on the anticonvulsant effects of the antiepileptic
      drugs.
AB  - 1,3-Dimethyl-5- aminoadamantine ( DMAA , D-145, memantine ( Memantine ) has
      anticonvulsant properties and potentiates the actions of phenytoin,
      carbamazepine, diazepam, clonazepam and valproic acid in the electrogenic
      convulsion tests on mice.

PMID- 6429652
TI  - Antigrowth effect of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on the Dunning R 3327-G
      prostatic tumor.
AB  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone
      (MGBG), when administered simultaneously, inhibited growth and were highly toxic
      to the Dunning R 3327-G hormone-resistant prostatic adenocarcinoma transplanted
      into Copenhagen rats. Neither DFMO (2%) nor MGBG at a nontoxic dose (15 mg/kg)
      inhibited tumor growth, but total (47% early cure rate) or near total suppression
      of growth of established tumors was observed in rats receiving both treatments.

PMID- 6429653
TI  - DRG's: prospective payment/ prospective horror.

PMID- 6429654
TI  - High serum thyroxine-binding globulin--an important cause of hyperthyroxinaemia.
AB  - Four patients are described who had a significant elevation of serum thyroxine
      binding globulin (TBG). Review of these patients indicated that inappropriate
      therapy for thyrotoxicosis had been given in three cases. A study of our
      laboratory records revealed that significant TBG elevation was a relatively
      common phenomenon which occurred in approximately 0.45% of our hospital
      population. Patients with this abnormality have serum thyroxine levels which are
      comparable to those with clinical thyrotoxicosis. Tri-iodothyronine is frequently
      elevated though less so than in patients with clinical thyrotoxicosis.
      Measurement of TBG is indicated in all cases of hyperthyroxinaemia in which the
      clinical features of thyrotoxicosis are doubtful. The TRH test was found to be
      most useful in evaluating the thyroid status of these patients.

PMID- 6429655
TI  - Hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate TSH secretion with associated
      hyperprolactinaemia--a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A patient with inappropriate thyrotrophin (TSH) secretion is described. She
      initially presented with classical hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, responded to
      propylthiouracil and, subsequently, had a normal delivery. Hyperthyroidism
      persisted and 7.5 months later a subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. After a
      further 16 months, mild symptoms of hyperthyroidism recurred. She again responded
      to propylthiouracil, but developed galactorrhoea. At that stage, it was noted
      that she had persistently elevated circulating TSH in the presence of elevated T4
      and T3 levels. Her symptomatology was mild, although objective indices of thyroid
      activity, including pulse rate, BMR, sex hormone binding globulin and
      cholesterol, were indicative of hyperthyroidism. CT scan and tomography of the
      sella were normal. She had a markedly exaggerated TSH response to thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH). Basal TSH and responsiveness to TRH was suppressed by
      high dose dexamethasone. The TSH response to TRH was partially suppressed by
      exogenous T3, but there was no effect on basal TSH levels. TSH also decreased
      slightly with L-dopa and bromocriptine. Circulating TSH rose markedly during
      methimazole administration. TSH alpha and beta subunits were elevated and
      appropriate for the high TSH. In addition, both subunits increased following TRH.
      The patient had basal hyperprolactinaemia with an impaired prolactin (PRL)
      response to TRH and metoclopramide. PRL suppressed with L-dopa and bromocriptine.
      The remaining anterior pituitary function was intact. Most of the laboratory
      findings argue against the presence of a TSH producing pituitary tumour and the
      most likely cause for inappropriate TSH secretion in this patient is selective
      resistance of the thyrotroph to thyroid hormones. A mild element of peripheral
      resistance might also be present. The hyperprolactinaemia could be related to
      lactotroph resistance to thyroid hormone. The complexities of treatment in this
      patient are stressed. Therapy was initially attempted with low dose
      dexamethasone, but this had no effect. T3 treatment produced an exacerbation of
      her symptomatology and did not influence basal TSH, thyroid hormones, or 131I
      uptake. Bromocriptine administration for 11 months partially suppressed basal TSH
      without influencing T3 and there was an increase in T4. Methimazole did decrease
      her T4 and T3, but TSH and PRL rose to even greater levels. Her hyperthyroidism
      was eventually controlled with an ablative dose of 131I. Thyroid hormone will be
      given in an attempt to suppress her TSH.

PMID- 6429656
TI  - Treatment of asthma in a general practice.
AB  - We examined the general practice treatment of 67 patients diagnosed as asthmatic.
      Compliance with treatment was poor in one-third of patients with severe asthma.
      Inhaled steroids were under-prescribed and our findings suggest that some severe
      asthmatics are receiving less than adequate therapy.

PMID- 6429657
TI  - Response of broiler chickens to dietary energy and lysine levels in a warm
      environment.
AB  - Two trials were conducted to determine the response of 23- to 47-day-old broiler
      chickens to dietary lysine and energy levels when reared in a 26.7 C environment.
      Broiler finishing diets, which contained 3100, 3175, 3250, or 3325 kcal ME/kg of
      feed were fed in combination with either .308 or .322% lysine/Mcal (kg) with a
      constant 18.7% dietary protein. Male and female body weights were not
      statistically different (P less than .05) among dietary energy levels when both
      sexes were fed .308% lysine/Mcal (kg). When the male chicks were fed .322%
      lysine/Mcal (kg), body weights increased with increasing dietary energy level.
      Feed utilization also increased with increasing dietary energy level when
      broilers were fed either .308 or .322% lysine/Mcal (kg). These data suggest that
      the body weight response to dietary energy level when broilers were reared in a
      warm environment will occur only when adequate amino acid levels are employed.
      The dietary energy requirement is at least 3250 kcal ME/kg of feed when 23- to 47
      day-old broilers are fed .322% lysine/Mcal (kg) and reared in a hot environment
      but appeared to be lower when broilers were fed .308% lysine/kg of feed.

PMID- 6429658
TI  - Virginiamycin and broiler performance.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with broilers to determine the effect of
      Virginiamycin supplementation on performance and shank pigmentation.
      Virginiamycin supplementation at 10 ppm resulted in significantly increased body
      weights in both experiments. Feed efficiency was significantly improved in
      Experiment 1 by the supplementation of 5 and 10 ppm Virginiamycin. In Experiment
      2, 20 ppm Virginiamycin was included and resulted in no greater response than
      that observed at 10 ppm. Pigmentation values as measured by a reflectance
      colorimeter and Roche color fan favored (P less than or equal to .05)
      Virginiamycin supplementation in both experiments. Data indicated that when the
      diet was supplemented with Virginiamycin an increase in the utilization of
      xanthophyll resulted. Mortality was not influenced by dietary treatment.

PMID- 6429659
TI  - Evidence for amelioration of steroid-mediated immunosuppression by ascorbic acid.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to determine if supplemental ascorbic acid (AA)
      would ameliorate the immunosuppression induced by exogenous cortisol (COL).
      Supplemental AA was provided in the diets at levels of 0 and 1000 ppm.
      Administration of COL significantly lowered plasma AA at both 0 and 10 days
      postimmunization, and AA supplementation elevated plasma AA at both times.
      Cortisol-treated chicks exhibited significantly reduced agglutinins to sheep red
      blood cells but not to Brucella abortus. Supplemental AA significantly
      ameliorated the immunosuppression associated with exogenous COL and may serve as
      an antiimmunosuppressive agent in the chicken.

PMID- 6429660
TI  - Two avian luteinizing hormone radioimmunoassay procedures compared by measurement
      of changes during the ovulatory cycle of turkey and broiler hens.
AB  - Two radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures for measuring avian luteinizing hormone
      (LH) were compared using divided aliquots of plasma samples collected during the
      ovulatory cycles of turkey and broiler breeder hens in three separate
      experiments. The RIA systems compared were the homologous turkey LH assay
      Wentworth et al. (1976) and the homologous chicken LH assay of Follett et al.
      (1972). Both assays provided the same assessment of circulating LH changes. The
      preovulatory surge of LH was observed 6 hr before ovulation in turkeys and 4 hr
      before ovulation in chickens. In addition, both assays detected an increase in
      chicken LH after ovulation, followed by a gradual decline prior to the next
      preovulatory surge. The correlation between RIA were highly significant (P less
      than .001) in each experiment. The crossreaction of purified ostrich LH, FSH, and
      TSH and of the alpha and beta subunits of turkey LH was assessed in each assay
      system. Ostrich LH, FSH, and TSH crossreacted in the chicken LH assay in a dose
      related manner: ostrich LH showed the highest activity. Only ostrich TSH produced
      a response in the turkey assay that was dose related. The alpha subunit, but not
      the beta subunit, of turkey LH was quite potent in the chicken LH RIA, but
      neither subunit competed as well as the native hormone in the turkey RIA. Thus,
      the two LH antisera recognize different portions of the LH molecule. The chicken
      antiserum apparently recognizes a site on the alpha subunit that may be at least
      partially masked in the FSH and TSH molecules. The turkey antiserum recognizes a
      site on the native LH molecule that is altered when the subunits are separated.

PMID- 6429661
TI  - [Interrelation of thyroid hormones and prolactin].

PMID- 6429662
TI  - The chromosome 14 breakpoint in neoplastic B cells with the t(11;14)
      translocation involves the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
AB  - We hybridized neoplastic cells from a patient with chromic lymphocytic leukemia
      of the B-cell type, which carried a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between
      chromosomes 11 (q13) and 14 (q32) with mouse plasmacytoma cells. The hybrid cells
      were studied for the presence, rearrangement, and expression of the human
      immunoglobulin mu chain locus. The results indicate that the expressed mu chain
      gene is located on the normal chromosome 14, whereas the 14q+ translocation
      chromosome carries the excluded immunoglobulin constant (C) region mu chain
      allele (C mu) but does not contain variable (V) region heavy chain genes (VH).
      Since we found that the heavy chain joining region DNA (JH) of the excluded mu
      chain gene is on the 14q+ chromosome, we can conclude that the chromosomal break
      observed in the leukemic cells occurred in a chromosomal region within or 5' of
      the JH region. With these results, it is logical to postulate that a gene, for
      which we suggest the name bcl-1, is located on band q13 of chromosome 11 and is
      activated by its translocation into close proximity with the rearranged heavy
      chain locus on chromosome 14q+, contributing to the neoplastic transformation of
      the B cells with the t(11;14) chromosomal translocation.

PMID- 6429664
TI  - Genetics, diabetes mellitus heterogeneity, and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6429663
TI  - Illegitimate recombination generates a class switch from C mu to C delta in an
      IgD-secreting plasmacytoma.
AB  - We present here the sequence characterization of a C mu----C delta immunoglobulin
      (Ig) heavy chain class switch. In the murine IgD-secreting plasmacytoma TEPC
      1017, deletion of most of the mu switch recombination region (S mu) and the
      entire C mu gene occurred in the absence of switch region sequences 5' to C
      delta. This unique rearrangement resulted from an illegitimate recombination of
      sequences with only patchy homology to each other. The infrequent and variable
      nature of illegitimate recombination may explain the low frequency of IgD
      secreting plasma cells in normal mouse tissues.

PMID- 6429665
TI  - HLA genes and disease susceptibility.

PMID- 6429666
TI  - Role of the blood bank in bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - The wide variety of special blood components, special procedures, increased red
      blood cell serologic testing, the complexity of ABO and Rh type changes,
      difficulty in selecting the correct ABO and Rh type of component, and necessity
      to irradiate all blood and components for these patients present a challenge to
      the internal operation of the blood bank. Although the blood transfusion
      supportive care required by bone marrow transplant patients is complex, it also
      opens many new and exciting possibilities for blood bank activities, and presents
      many opportunities to better understand the basic nature and clinical relevance
      of blood groups.

PMID- 6429667
TI  - Biological roles of tissue-specific and systemic alloantigens.

PMID- 6429668
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism by the non-pregnant human uterus.
AB  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in the non-pregnant human uterus was studied using
      short term incubations of human endometrium and myometrium with [14C] arachidonic
      acid followed by HPLC separation of the arachidonic acid metabolites formed.
      Lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase activity was found in both the endometrium
      and myometrium although the endometrium predominated in arachidonic acid product
      formation. The lipoxygenase products formed by these tissues included the
      monohydroxy acids 5-HETE and 12-HETE.

PMID- 6429669
TI  - Prostaglandin synthase inhibitory activity in the plasma of rhesus monkeys during
      late pregnancy: effect of dexamethasone.
AB  - Plasma from rhesus monkeys during late pregnancy contained a factor(s) that was
      inhibitory of prostaglandin synthase activity. There was no consistent trend in
      the inhibitory activity of plasma obtained between 120 days of gestation and term
      (approximately 167 days of gestation). Administration of dexamethasone (0.125 to
      1.0 mg twice daily) consistently increased inhibitory activity in plasma after an
      initial treatment period of 5-10 days. Administration of dexamethasone for
      several weeks is associated with prolongation of gestation in rhesus monkeys. We
      suggest that the action of dexamethasone, to delay parturition is related, in
      part, to an enhancement of the activity of a circulating factor(s) that is
      inhibitory of prostaglandin synthase activity.

PMID- 6429670
TI  - Effects of hydrogen peroxide on vascular arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released by granulocytes during phagocytosis has
      previously been demonstrated to affect the function of other cellular elements
      including red cells and platelets. We have evaluated the effect of H2O2 on
      vascular arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Exposure of human vascular segments to
      H2O2 (25 to 200 microM) results in a concentration dependent inhibition in the
      ability of these vessels to produce PGI2 either from endogenous stores of AA, or
      from exogenously provided substrate. The inhibition of PGI2 production was
      present at 5 minutes post addition of H2O2, with maximal inhibitory effect
      occurring by 15 minutes. Production of 6 Keto PGF1 alpha from exogenously
      provided 14C AA was similarly inhibited in isolated microsomes from these
      vessels, as was the production of the other vascular cyclo-oxygenase metabolites
      PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. These results demonstrate that the major effect of H2O2 on
      vascular AA metabolism appears to occur at the cyclo-oxygenase level. Vascular
      inhibition of PGI2 formation caused by the local release of H2O2 from
      phagocytizing cellular elements may play a role in the pathophysiology of the
      inflammatory process.

PMID- 6429671
TI  - Prostacyclin production by confluent and non-confluent human endothelial cells in
      culture.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells
      was examined by platelet bioassay and by radioimmunoassay of its stable
      metabolite 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha). Confluent cultures
      produced PGI2 in a burst of activity approx. 20 min after changing the growth
      medium. This occurred in either normal, serum-supplemented growth medium or in
      balanced salt solution. The mechanical action of changing the growth medium did
      not appear to be responsible for this burst of PGI2 production. PGI2 production
      by non-confluent cultures decreased as cell density increased towards confluence.
      Supplementing the growth medium with arachidonic acid did afford some protection
      against decreased PGI2 production, whilst the use of conditioned media
      potentiated this effect. Reduction of cell density by passaging confluent
      cultures further demonstrated the inverse relationship between PGI2 production
      and cell density. These results are discussed in relation to the control of PGI2
      production in cultured endothelial cells.

PMID- 6429672
TI  - Prostaglandin formation in the isolated human ductus arteriosus, aorta, pulmonary
      and umbilical arteries.
AB  - The prostaglandins comprise a large family of substances that includes primary
      prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane, all of which exhibit some vascular
      activity. The activity of each prostaglandin may be species - and organ -
      dependent, and the type of prostaglandin produced in a tissue is often dependent
      on the presence of terminal enzyme systems in that tissue. The prostaglandin
      endoperoxide PGH2 serves as a common intermediate for the enzymatic production of
      prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclin. We have obtained information on
      the biosynthesis of these compounds by the human ductus arteriosus, aorta,
      pulmonary and umbilical arteries in vitro. Vascular tissue samples were obtained
      from two fetuses of 16 to 18 weeks of gestation, two newborns of 26 and 35 weeks
      of gestation and in nine term infants. The vascular tissue samples were incubated
      with [1-14C]-arachidonic acid and/or [1-14C]-prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2).
      The study demonstrates the formation of prostaglandins and prostacyclins from all
      the vascular tissues and the formation of thromboxanes from the umbilical artery.
      The study implies that the above vessels contain "prostaglandin synthetase"
      enzymes as early as 16 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 6429673
TI  - Salicylate:aspirin ratios: relevance to aspirin's antithrombotic action.

PMID- 6429674
TI  - Six-hydroxydopamine induced hyperactivity: neither sex differences nor caffeine
      stimulation are found.
AB  - We investigated possible sex differences in the development of locomotor activity
      in rats treated neonatally with desmethylimipramine (DMI) followed by
      intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA). In addition, the locomotor response
      to the stimulant caffeine was investigated in the male rats after they had
      reached adulthood. Both male and female 6-HDA-treated rats exhibited increased
      activity relative to controls. No sex differences were seen in either the
      development or magnitude of this effect. Male rats were used to determine the
      dose effects function for caffeine (0.5, 5, 15, 30 mg/kg) on locomotor activity.
      Control rats exhibited increased locomotor activity whereas 6-HDA-treated rats
      showed no increases with any dose of caffeine. Large decreases in the dopamine
      content of the olfactory tubercle (-88%, -82%), nucleus accumbens (-96%, -95%),
      and striatum (-99%, -99%) were found in both male and female rats. Choline
      acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities were unchanged.

PMID- 6429675
TI  - Effects of 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens on the acquisition of self
      injection of heroin under schedule and non schedule conditions in rats.
AB  - Acquisition of heroin self injection is enhanced in bodyweight reduced rats if a
      non contingent food delivery schedule is operating (schedule-induced self
      injection). Dopamine depletion of the nucleus accumbens septum (NAS) reduces
      nicotine self injection and a number of other schedule-induced behaviours. In the
      present experiment 6-OHDA lesions in the NAS significantly reduced the levels of
      heroin self injection in 7 rats on a food delivery schedule compared with sham
      lesioned controls. The reduced heroin intake did not differ from that of lesioned
      or sham lesioned rats with no schedule present. The results confirm previous
      reports that intact dopaminergic neurones in the NAS are necessary for schedule
      induced behaviours to occur, and demonstrate that components of the same
      behaviour which are not schedule-induced can continue without disruption in the
      presence of the lesions.

PMID- 6429676
TI  - Lack of cross-tolerance between disodium cromoglycate and veratrum alkaloids.
AB  - We sought to determine if the hypotension and bradycardia caused by disodium
      cromoglycate (DSC) and veratrine sulfate were due to an action upon a common
      receptor. Tolerance rapidly developed to the hypotensive and bradycardic action
      of 10 micrograms/kg iv DSC in anesthetized dogs. Veratrine sulfate 30
      micrograms/kg iv given after tolerance had developed to DSC gave falls in blood
      pressure and heart rate identical to those produced by the alkaloid before DSC
      tolerance had set in. Thus, no cross-tolerance between DSC and veratrine was
      observed. This result excludes the possibility of a common site of action for DSC
      and veratrine.

PMID- 6429677
TI  - Intrinsic activity of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 in man: an
      electrophysiological investigation.
AB  - Ten healthy volunteers were injected i.v. with 5 mg Ro 15-1788, a specific
      benzodiazepine antagonist, or placebo in a double-blind randomised design. In the
      EEG, Ro 15-1788 led--with some topographical variations--to a diminution of theta
      and alpha power, an increase of alpha mean frequency and a decrease of delta mean
      frequency. In auditory evoked potentials, the N1P2 and P2N2 amplitudes decreased.
      The electrophysiological changes induced by Ro 15-1788 are consistent with a
      central stimulant action. Ro 15-1788 induced some slight behavioural and
      subjective changes.

PMID- 6429678
TI  - The measurement of high-energy photons with PTW ionisation chambers.

PMID- 6429679
TI  - DNA breakage caused by 334-nm ultraviolet light is enhanced by naturally
      occurring nucleic acid components and nucleotide coenzymes.

PMID- 6429680
TI  - Haptenic properties of drug metabolites with ortho- or para-aminophenolic
      structure.
AB  - 3-Hydroxy-sulfanilamide (3-HS), a biotransformation product of sulfanilamide, 3
      hydroxy-para-aminobenzoic acid (3- HPABA ), a biotransformation product of
      procaine and para-aminobenzoic acid, as well as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a
      bacterial split product of salicylazosulfapyridine (Sulfasalazine, Salazopyrin )
      in the gut, were shown to react spontaneously with and to bind covalently to
      proteins by simple incubation at alkaline pH. When administered incorporated in
      incomplete Freund adjuvant into rabbits, the conjugates of these haptens with
      normal rabbit serum proteins (NRS) give rise to both hapten specific and anti-NRS
      antibodies. The haptenic properties of these drug metabolites are apparently due
      to the presence in their molecules of an ortho- or para- aminophenolic structure
      that renders them capable to generate spontaneously highly reactive quinoneimines
      . Extensive cross immunological reactions were found between 3-HS, 3- HPABA and
      ortho-aminophenol (OAP) immunological systems, all of these haptens belonging to
      the ortho- aminophenolic (ortho- quinoneiminic ) system. Cross reactions were
      also found between 5-ASA and para-aminophenol (PAP) immunological systems, both
      of these haptens belonging to the para- aminophenolic (para- quinoneiminic )
      system. No cross reactions were, however, found between ortho- and para
      aminophenol immunological systems. The so-called "para" group of aminoaromatic
      compounds is not therefore immunochemically homogeneous. Some compounds included
      usually in this group give rise in the body to haptens belonging to the ortho-
      aminophenolic systems, while others belong really to the para- aminophenolic
      system. Antibodies against NRS proteins which served as carrier in the conjugates
      were formed by most animals inoculated with such conjugates. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429681
TI  - Effect of sevimol on the moulting of the fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium
      kistnensis.
AB  - Short-term toxicity tests and median lethal concentrations of the prawn,
      Macrobrachium kistnensis , using sevimol were calculated. Exposure to 0.0005 ppm
      sevimol did not differ much in intermoult period from control prawns . In 0.0006,
      0.0009 and 0.001 ppm of sevimol , the moulting frequency increased: in 0.001 ppm
      the duration decreased from 15 days at the beginning to 11 days at the third
      moult. The prawns in the proecdysial stage were more vulnerable to sevimol
      pollution than the other stage. Exuvia of prawns exposed to 0.0006 ppm were
      heavier than controls.

PMID- 6429682
TI  - Lipidogram structure and the exercise capacity in obesity.
AB  - 30 women, aged between 21 and 52, with 2nd and 3rd grade obesity were
      investigated. Total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, tryglicerides and
      lipoprotein electrophoretic fractions from blood plasma were determined. The
      subjects were tested at a submaximal exercise intensity of a triangular type on
      the ergometric bicycle, starting from zero Watt to a progressive increasing load
      of 10 Watt/min., till the maximal optimal heart rate was reached. The heart rate,
      blood pressure, CO2 produced and O2 consumption were determined at rest, during
      exercise at each step, and in the recovery period, predicted the maximum oxygen
      consumption, evaluated by the Astrand method. The subjective sensation concerning
      the effort was taken into consideration, based on the modified Borg scale and
      adaptability to exercise was evaluated, expressed by the "adaptability
      coefficient" (AC). The index of correlation between the plasma lipid fractions
      and AC was also determined. Lipidograma showed modifications of 94.44 percent of
      which 27.77 percent belonged to type IV of H-LP. AC diminished to 50.2 percent as
      opposed to the ideal values; the maximum oxygen consumption was diminished as
      well, with an important functional aerobic impairment. There was not found a
      statistically significant correlation between plasma lipid fractions and AC.

PMID- 6429683
TI  - Modern technique for following up changes in the mechanical and electric
      parameters of the heart.
AB  - The perfected experimental model described was developed for study of the action
      of various drugs on the isolated frog heart, recording concomitantly variations
      in the volume of the heart in the course of the cardiac cycle, the
      electrocardiogram and cardiac output. A description is given of the original
      components of the apparatus developed by the authors, as well as the normal
      values of the parameters studied.

PMID- 6429684
TI  - [Cardiodynamic changes caused by physical exertion at simulated altitude (4000 m)
      and under the influence of oxygen inhalation with intrapulmonary hyperpressure].

PMID- 6429685
TI  - [Results of ballistocardiographic studies during 12-hour cosmic flights].

PMID- 6429686
TI  - [Reactions of the digestive system to simulated and real space flight].

PMID- 6429687
TI  - An alternative: armament or health for all by the year 2000.

PMID- 6429688
TI  - [Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic diagnostic criteria in posterior
      left fascicular block].

PMID- 6429689
TI  - [Research concerning the influence of certain meteorological factors on the
      incidence of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6429690
TI  - Influence of pimozide on hypothalamo-pituitary function in children with
      behavioral disorders.
AB  - Hypothalamo-pituitary functions were examined in thirteen children with
      behavioral disorders (six with hyperkinesia, four with autism, two with tic and
      one with schizophrenia) before and during treatment with pimozide, an
      antidopaminergic drug. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) basal serum PRL level (24.5 +/- 4.2
      ng/ml) during pimozide treatment was significantly higher than that (12.4 +/- 3.2
      ng/ml) before treatment. Hyperresponse of PRL to TSH releasing hormone (TRH) was
      observed in five (three with hyperkinesia, one with tic and one with autism) of
      the thirteen patients before treatment and in seven (four with hyperkinesia, two
      with autism and one with tic) during treatment. Mean TSH response during
      treatment was not significantly different from that before treatment. However,
      three of the four autistic children showed hyperresponse of TSH to TRH before
      treatment, whereas only one also showed a hyperresponse during treatment. The
      pimozide treatment had no demonstrable influence on GH or cortisol secretion in
      response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, or on serum T4 and T3 levels.

PMID- 6429691
TI  - Provocative endocrine testing in recovered depressives.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients underwent a series of provocative endocrine tests an
      average of one year after their last admission for depression. Hypersecretion of
      cortisol, early escape of cortisol from dexamethasone suppression, diminished
      growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and altered thyrotropin
      response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone reported in acute primary depression
      were not observed after recovery. There were no differences in these measures
      after recovery between previous suppressors and nonsuppressors to dexamethasone.
      The cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was less than expected in 6
      of 16 recovered patients tested. There were significant differences in post
      dexamethasone urinary free cortisol and in basal and early post-insulin serum
      cortisol levels between patients who had been suppressors and those who had been
      nonsuppressors to dexamethasone during acute depression. Further studies need to
      be done to substantiate these findings. These data indicate that hormone
      responses in recovered depressives are largely normal, suggesting that
      abnormalities during depression are "state" related phenomena.

PMID- 6429693
TI  - Absolute bioavailability of imipramine: influence of food.
AB  - Imipramine hydrochloride (IMI) was administered to 12 healthy volunteers on three
      occasions in random sequence: 12.5 mg IV, 50 mg orally after overnight fast, and
      50 mg orally 30 min after eating a standardized breakfast. IMI concentrations
      were measured by gas-liquid chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorous detection
      and pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters determined by iterative
      nonlinear least-squares regression analysis. After IV administration, mean
      kinetic variables were: volume of distribution, 21.0 l/kg; total clearance, 12.8
      ml/min per kg, and elimination half-life, 21. h. Mean absolute bioavailability of
      IMI in the fasting state was 43.6%. When IMI was administered immediately after
      the standardized meal, absolute bioavailability was 44.1%. After oral
      administration, the time to peak IMI level was not changed by concurrent food
      ingestion (2.8 vs 3.2 h after dosage), and the peak IMI concentration was no
      different (35 vs 30 ng/ml). Thus concurrent food ingestion has no effect on IMI
      absolute bioavailability, peak concentration attained after oral dosage, or the
      time to peak concentration.

PMID- 6429694
TI  - The effect of smoking on perception of muscle tension.
AB  - It has been suggested that smoking may reduce affect in high-arousal situations
      by blocking peripheral physiological cues. The effects of smoking on perception
      of one type of physiological response, muscle activity, was evaluated in two
      studies. In study 1 male and female smokers were exposed to four conditions: high
      and low arousal crossed with smoking or deprivation. Results showed that smokers
      produce less muscle activity during high- than low-arousal situations, and that
      smoking reduced sensitivity to muscle activity in females, but enhanced it in
      males. These perception differences were not related to arousal as assessed by
      heart rate, which was elevated in all high-arousal situations. When compared to
      nonsmokers, smokers in a deprived state generate more muscle activity during the
      perception task, but showed no differences in sensitivity. These results
      represent the initial demonstration that smoking can alter the perception of
      physiological processes. Study 2 was designed to determine whether the effects of
      smoking were specific to muscle tension or indicative of a more generalized
      perceptual change. Perception of muscle tension and decibel levels were compared
      in smoking or deprived female smokers who were in the high-arousal situation.
      Results for muscle-tension perception in high-arousal situations were similar to
      those in study 1, but smoking did not alter perception of auditory stimuli.

PMID- 6429692
TI  - The validity of animal models of depression.
AB  - Eighteen animal models of depression are reviewed in relation to three sets of
      validating criteria. Of the 18 models, five could only be assessed for predictive
      validity, seven could be assessed for predictive and face validity, and six could
      potentially have predictive, face and construct validity. Some traditional models
      (reserpine reversal, amphetamine potentiation) are rejected as invalid; the
      models with the highest overall validity are the intracranial self-stimulation,
      chronic stress and learned helplessness models in rats, and the primate
      separation model.

PMID- 6429695
TI  - Sensory and associative effects of morphine and naloxone in classical
      conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response.
AB  - In Experiment I, classical conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane
      response was accomplished by the pairing of tone and light conditioned stimuli
      with a shock unconditioned stimulus applied to the paraorbital region of the
      head. Morphine (5 mg/kg) significantly retarded the acquisition of conditioned
      responses to both conditioned stimuli. Moreover, morphine had no effect on
      nonassociative responding (baseline responding or responding to tone and light
      stimuli) or on the latency and amplitude of the unconditioned response elicited
      by shock during the explicitly unpaired presentations of tone, light and shock
      stimuli. The retardant effect of morphine on acquisition of conditioned responses
      was blocked by naloxone (1 mg/kg). In Experiment II, morphine (0.2-10 mg/kg) had
      no effect on the intensity threshold of the shock unconditioned stimulus for
      elicitation of unconditioned responses or on the latencies of the elicited
      responses. However, morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg) did produce a small but significant
      decrease in the amplitude of unconditioned responses elicited by the two highest
      shock intensities employed (3 and 4 mA). This latter effect of morphine was
      completely blocked by naloxone (1 mg/kg). In Experiment III, morphine (5 mg/kg)
      blocked the sensory processing of a tone conditioned stimulus, in previously
      trained animals, as measured by a significant (24 dB) elevation in the intensity
      threshold of the conditioned stimulus for elicitation of conditioned responses
      and an increase in the latency of the elicited response. Naloxone (1 mg/kg)
      completely blocked the effects of morphine on the sensory processing of the tone
      conditioned stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429696
TI  - The comparative effects of benzodiazepines, progabide and PK 9084 on acquisition
      of passive avoidance in mice.
AB  - Acquisition of passive avoidance following aversive conditioning to a dark
      compartment was measured in mice under the influence of one of seven
      benzodiazepines, the GABA-mimetic drug progabide or PK 9084, a nonbenzodiazepine
      ligand on benzodiazepine receptors. The drugs were administered prior to the
      training trial and retention was measured in the absence of the drug 24 h later.
      Oral administration (dose in mg/kg in parentheses) of flunitrazepam (0.1),
      lorazepam (1.0), nitrazepam (3.0), diazepam (10), flurazepam (10) and
      chlordiazepoxide (30), all prevented retention whereas progabide (100-800) and
      PPK 9084 (10-100) were ineffective. In comparison to effects on motor capacity
      none of the benzodiazepines was outstanding in its acquisition interfering
      effects.

PMID- 6429697
TI  - An early phase II clinical trial of tomoxetine (LY139603) in the treatment of
      newly admitted depressed patients.
AB  - In a 6-week open-label study, ten newly admitted depressed patients were treated
      with tomoxetine , a selective inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake. After 7 days
      of drug washout, patients were given an initial dose of 40 mg/day which was
      gradually increased to a maximum of 70 mg/day (median 50 mg/day). There was a
      statistically (P less than 0.001) and clinically significant improvement in the
      mean symptomatology of the patients measured on the Hamilton Depression Rating
      Scale. The drug had an early onset of action, a specific effect on mood, and no
      sedative properties.

PMID- 6429698
TI  - Biochemical effects and drug levels in rats after long-term treatment with the
      specific 5-HT-uptake inhibitor, citalopram.
AB  - The effects in rats of long-term administration of the potent, specific 5-HT
      uptake inhibitor citalopram have been investigated. Citalopram hydrobromide (MW =
      405) was given in the diet, 99 or 25 mumol/kg daily, for 13 days or orally, 49
      mumol/kg twice a day, for 14 days. High plasma and brain levels of citalopram
      were found during the treatment period, whereas negligible amounts were found 24
      h after withdrawal. The 5-HT uptake mechanism in blood platelets was completely
      blocked, since levels of whole blood 5-HT during and shortly (2 days) after
      treatment were decreased by 75-90%. The drug load after the two highest doses in
      terms of plasma drug levels was the same as in depressed patients treated with
      citalopram. Receptor binding technique ex vivo was applied to different brain
      parts to measure receptor parameters for several neurotransmitters. All data were
      evaluated by Eadie- Hoffstee analysis. No changes were seen in Bmax and Kd for
      beta-receptors (3H-dihydroalprenolol) in frontal cortex, occipital + temporal
      cortex, whole cortex and limbic structures, 5-HT2 receptors (3H-spiroperidol) in
      frontal and whole cortex, alpha 1-receptors (3H-prazosin) in "rest of brain" and
      DA D-2 receptors (3H-spiroperidol) in corpus striatum and limbic structures. The
      uptake mechanism for 5-HT as well as the inhibitory effect of citalopram on this
      uptake remained unaffected in brain synaptosomes derived from control and from
      citalopram (99 mumol/kg)-treated rats. Thus long-term treatment with citalopram
      does not induce changes in neurotransmitter receptors as seen with most tricyclic
      as well as newer " atypical " antidepressants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429699
TI  - Effects of ascorbate on a dopaminergic response: apomorphine-induced modification
      of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice.
AB  - The threshold for pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced clonic seizures is below
      control levels 15 min after administration of apomorphine (APO) but above them 60
      min after APO administration. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (10 mg/kg) or the
      presence of ascorbic acid in the APO solution (1 mg/ml) inhibited the early (15
      min) decrease in seizure threshold caused by 60 mg/kg APO and reversed the
      increase in seizure threshold 60 min after a 50 mg/kg APO challenge. Ascorbate co
      administration concomitant with APO also counteracted the increase in seizure
      threshold 60 min after 70/kg APO. Results suggest a potential model for
      modulation of a seizure system through dietary supplementation.

PMID- 6429700
TI  - The effects of exposure to diazepam during various stages of gestation or during
      lactation on the development and behavior of rat pups.
AB  - In the present study we have investigated the effects of diazepam (DZP) (10
      mg/kg) treatment of rat dams during different periods of gestation or during
      lactation on the development and behavior of their offspring. The results show
      that DZP exposure during different phases of early development has differing
      effects on later behavior. Exposure during mid-gestation resulted in early and
      transient hyperactivity, but no learning or memory deficits at 2 months of age
      were observed. However, both late prenatal and early postnatal exposure to DZP
      resulted in significant behavioral changes. Late prenatal treatment caused no
      hyperactivity but resulted in poor performance on the learning and retention of a
      choice discrimination task, while early postnatal exposure resulted in consistent
      and lasting hyperactivity and in substantial discrimination learning and
      retention deficits at 2 months of age.

PMID- 6429701
TI  - Effects of inescapable shock and norepinephrine depletion induced by DSP4 on
      escape performance.
AB  - The potential contribution of dorsal bundle norepinephrine (NE) in the induction
      of escape disturbances engendered by inescapable shock was evaluated following
      administration of the NE neurotoxin, DSP4. Treatment with DSP4 produced marked NE
      reductions in the hippocampus and cortex, a moderate reduction of NE in the locus
      coeruleus, but only small effects on hypothalamic NE. In contrast to the effect
      of inescapable shock, DSP4 was found not to influence escape behavior among naive
      mice or mice that had received inescapable shock. Moreover, DSP4 was without
      effect on escape performance irrespective of whether animals were individually or
      group housed, a treatment that has been shown to be sensitive to manipulations
      that influence escape performance. Treatment with DSP4 was found not to influence
      the escape interference ordinarily provoked by either haloperidol or alpha-MpT.
      Interestingly, the escape interference ordinarily engendered by the dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase inhibitor, FLA-63, was eliminated among mice that had been pretreated
      with DSP4. The interference effect induced by inescapable shock is probably not
      attributable to NE alterations in the hippocampus and locus coeruleus. Serial or
      parallel effects of shock on more than a single transmitter system are likely to
      be responsible for the behavioral interference.

PMID- 6429702
TI  - Amphetamine-induced perseverative behavior in a radial arm maze following DSP4 or
      6-OHDA pretreatment.
AB  - Mice permitted to explore an 8-arm radial maze tended to visit those arms least
      recently entered. Treatment with D-amphetamine engendered a perseverative
      tendency, wherein mice repeatedly visited two arms of the maze. Administration of
      the norepinephrine (NE) neurotoxin, N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromo-benzylamine
      (DSP4), appreciably reduced NE in the hippocampus and cortex, moderately reduced
      NE in the locus coeruleus, and had only a small effect on hypothalamic NE. The
      DSP4 treatment resulted in a decrease of locomotor activity among amphetamine
      treated mice, coupled with an increase of stereotyped response patterns. Although
      the NE depletion did not affect the pattern of exploration that mice ordinarily
      displayed, DSP4 appreciably increased the perseverative tendency provoked by
      amphetamine. Reduction of dopamine (DA) and NE by intraventricular administration
      of the catecholamine neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), antagonized the
      effects of amphetamine, such that the frequency of alternation responses was
      increased and the proportion of perseverative responses was reduced. The
      effectiveness of the 6-OHDA treatment in antagonizing the amphetamine-induced
      perseveration was not reduced among mice that were pretreated with
      desmethylimipramine, which resulted in partial prevention of the NE reduction by
      6-OHDA administration. It is suggested that DA neuronal activity contributes to
      the amphetamine -provoked perseveration , whereas NE stimulation modifies the
      perseverative tendency by influencing exploration or habituation.

PMID- 6429703
TI  - Passive avoidance in rats: disruption by dopamine applied to the nucleus
      accumbens.
AB  - The acquisition of a one-trial step-through passive avoidance task was examined
      in rats following the administration of nialamide IP and dopamine (DA) or saline
      into the nucleus accumbens. DA-treated rats displayed impaired learning of the
      task as evidenced by their lower step-through latencies on a retest trial 7 days
      later. The specificity of this impairment was studied in a 2 x 2 design involving
      intracerebral injections prior to both training and testing trials. It was found
      that DA treatment prior to the training trial disrupted learning or memorization
      of the task but that DA did not affect performance or retrieval and did not
      induce state-dependent learning. These findings suggest that DA applied to the
      nucleus accumbens does not facilitate learning per se.

PMID- 6429704
TI  - Effect of diazepam on plasma corticosterone levels.
AB  - In light of the numerous but rather conflicting reports on the action of
      benzodiazepines upon the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal (HHA) axis activity, the
      effect of different doses of diazepam (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) administered 15,
      30, 60, 120 and 240 min before decapitation on plasma corticosterone level was
      studied in rats. While 0.1 mg/kg diazepam had no effect, 1.0 mg/kg diazepam
      decreased plasma corticosterone levels 30 and 60 min following drug
      administration. On the other hand, treatment with 10.0 mg/kg diazepam produced an
      increase in plasma corticosterone levels from 15-120 min following drug
      administration.

PMID- 6429705
TI  - Effect of nicotine on the tobacco withdrawal syndrome.
AB  - This study tested the ability of nicotine to alleviate the tobacco withdrawal
      syndrome. Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal were measured in 100 smokers
      who fulfilled DSM-III criteria for tobacco dependence and a past history of
      tobacco withdrawal. After 2 evenings of baseline measurement, subjects were
      randomly assigned to receive either nicotine or placebo gum in a double blind
      manner. Subjects then stopped smoking, chewed gum freely, and returned on the
      1st, 2nd, and 4th evenings of abstinence for further measurement. Nicotine
      reduced the increase in irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating,
      restlessness, impatience, and somatic complaints that subjects reported after
      cessation. Reductions in these withdrawal symptoms by nicotine were confirmed by
      ratings of significant others and by subjects' scores on the Profile of Mood
      States. Nicotine did not reduce the increases in cigarette craving, hunger,
      eating, insomnia, tremulousness , or supine heart rate after cessation. The
      effects of nicotine occurred immediately and persisted throughout the study.
      Although many subjects correctly identified their drug group, the efficacy of the
      gum was independent of subjects' identifications of drug. The relief of tobacco
      withdrawal by nicotine gum suggests that the tobacco withdrawal syndrome is
      caused, in part, by nicotine deprivation.

PMID- 6429706
TI  - Acquisition of behaviourally augmented tolerance to ethanol and its relationship
      to muscarinic receptors.
AB  - Two groups of adult male rats were injected daily with ethanol (1.5 g/kg IP in
      15% w/v solution) either before (the behaviourally augmented tolerant group) or
      after (the physiologically tolerant group) being placed in operant chambers. The
      control groups received daily isotonic saline injections either before or after
      the operant task. When challenged with ethanol (2.5 g/kg) on day 30 prior to the
      operant task, the control group was most impaired, while the behaviourally
      augmented tolerant group was significantly less impaired than the physiologically
      tolerant group. The two ethanol-treated groups were impaired to the same extent
      when challenged on day 60. Partial generalization of this behavioural tolerance
      to ethanol was observed, as the behaviourally augmented tolerant group was less
      impaired than the physiologically tolerant group for a tail flick response to
      painful stimuli after an ethanol challenge on day 30. However, the two ethanol
      treated groups exhibited similar impairments of locomotor activity after an
      ethanol challenge on day 40. No differences in muscarinic receptor binding among
      the control and two ethanol-treated groups were found. These findings demonstrate
      that behaviourally augmented tolerance to ethanol may be partially generalizable
      but is unrelated to changes in muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 6429707
TI  - Effects of nicotine on body weight and food consumption in rats.
AB  - Recent human and animal studies have found that cigarette smoking or nicotine
      administration is accompanied by decreased consumption of sweet-tasting, high
      caloric foods. Cessation of smoking or nicotine is accompanied by increased
      consumption of these foods. Changes in consumption of these specific foods may
      partially account for the inverse relationship between smoking or nicotine and
      body weight. The present research was designed to determine whether consumption
      of nonsweet food is affected by nicotine and whether continuous access to only
      nonsweet foods attenuates the body weight changes associated with nicotine
      administration and cessation of nicotine administration. Alzet miniosmotic pumps
      were implanted SC to administer saline or three different concentrations of
      nicotine to male Sprague-Dawley albino rats for 2-3 weeks. Two studies on a total
      of 80 rats found an inverse dose-response relationship between nicotine
      administration and body weight without changes in bland food or water
      consumption. After cessation of nicotine administration, there were no
      differences in food consumption or body weight changes between groups. The
      effects of nicotine on body weight, both during and after drug administration,
      were attenuated in comparison to the results of studies that provided sweet
      tasting foods.

PMID- 6429708
TI  - Differential effects of apomorphine in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated and aged rats.
AB  - Effects of dopamine depletion and old age were tested on the ability of rats to
      discriminate the interoceptive cue produced by IP administered apomorphine. In
      Experiment 1, rats were administered IC injections of 6-hydroxydopamine or its
      vehicle at 5 days of age. Administration of this dopamine neurotoxin resulted in
      significant depletion of whole-brain dopamine to 27.2% of controls as indicated
      when the brains of littermate rats, killed at 35 days of age, were analyzed by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography. Although this dopamine depletion was
      significant, toxin-treated rats learned to discriminate 0.16 mg/kg apomorphine
      from saline at the same rate as control rats. However, the dose-response curve
      for apomorphine discrimination after doses of 0.04-0.24 mg/kg suggested
      hypersensitivity to the dopamine agonist in toxin-treated rats. In Experiment 2,
      senescent rats were similarly trained to discriminate apomorphine in the two
      lever food-motivated operant task. Dose-response testing indicated
      hypersensitivity similar to that found in 6-OHDA-treated rats. This increased
      behavioral responsiveness of aged rats to dopamine agonists is discussed in
      relation to receptor supersensitivity, metabolic rates, and blood-brain barrier
      permeability.

PMID- 6429709
TI  - The TRH test in affective disorders: experience in a private clinical setting.

PMID- 6429710
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis of alternative programs of vaccination against rubella in
      Israel.

PMID- 6429712
TI  - Longevity of nonsmoking men and women.

PMID- 6429711
TI  - Health, make it last a lifetime.

PMID- 6429713
TI  - Others would get similar longevity results if they took greater care.

PMID- 6429714
TI  - Knowledge of health does not always begin with disease, Dr. Krause.

PMID- 6429715
TI  - Prison health care: training differences reflect age cohort differences.

PMID- 6429716
TI  - Investigative reporting of genetic testing in the workplace.

PMID- 6429717
TI  - Epidemiology and health policy: prevention initiatives, resource allocation,
      regulation, and control.

PMID- 6429718
TI  - Uses of epidemiology in the development of health policy.

PMID- 6429719
TI  - Epidemiology and health policy: some historical highlights.

PMID- 6429720
TI  - Israel's prevention programs and screening policies for cardiovascular disease.
AB  - For all four broad ethnic groups in Israel, mortality rates declined over the
      last decade for both ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease
      (CVD), the first and third most important causes of death in the country. The
      four broad ethnic groups consist of persons born in Israel, Asia, North Africa,
      and Europe. Mortality data also indicate a low male to female ratio in mortality
      from IHD, a definite female predominance in mortality from CVD, and high
      mortality rates for IHD and CVD in males and females born in North Africa.
      Morbidity data, especially incidence, are scarce for CVD in both sexes and IHD in
      females. The feasibility of preventive intervention needs to be tested under the
      specific conditions of Israel. Although a multiple risk factor trial in Jerusalem
      showed that such a program can be conducted in a primary care framework, it
      clearly still needs to be tested in clinics rather than in a model teaching
      institution. The best place for intervention would seem to be the primary health
      care system, which has almost complete access to the country's population. Kupat
      Holim (the Health Insurance Institute of the General Federation of Labour) is
      attempting systematically to identify and manage hypertension patients. To date,
      management of acute coronary disease has been emphasized in Israel. Although
      additional resources are needed for primary prevention services, other options
      are suggested for obtaining those services.

PMID- 6429721
TI  - Epidemiologic evidence for cardiovascular disease initiatives in Israel and the
      United States.
AB  - There seems to be much epidemiologic evidence implicating a variety of modifiable
      risk factors in the occurrence of coronary artery disease. Although "common
      sense" would imply modification of each of these risk factors, on both an
      individual and a national basis, in order to prevent the occurrence of coronary
      artery disease in middle and later life, the direct evidence for a beneficial
      effect from such modifications is, at present, quite meager. Nevertheless, there
      seems to be a growing awareness and also a growing change in lifestyle and health
      behaviors that will tend to accomplish the "common sense" recommendations. It is
      important that monitoring systems be put in place to document the extent of these
      lifestyle changes and to evaluate their effect on the continuing trends in
      coronary artery disease incidence and mortality. Joint efforts in the United
      States, Israel, and other countries will go far to quantitate these effects in
      these naturally occurring experiments.

PMID- 6429722
TI  - The pertussis vaccine controversy.
AB  - Over the past few years, there has been continuing controversy about whether the
      benefits of routine vaccination for pertussis outweight the potential risks. Some
      of the epidemiologic and technical issues include ascertainment and reporting of
      cases, case definition and laboratory confirmation, identification and
      purification of antigens, vaccine potency measurement, vaccine efficacy, and
      vaccine safety. Other factors include legal and economic issues, ethical
      concerns, emotional overlays, and the role of the media. Much of the evidence for
      the benefits of pertussis vaccination arises from epidemiologic studies regarding
      the incidence of the disease and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing
      it. The very nature of epidemiologic data has contributed to the controversy,
      since there is virtually no epidemiologic study with absolutely incontrovertible
      results that allow only one interpretation. Nonetheless, available evidence
      indicates that the benefits of pertussis vaccination far outweight the risks.

PMID- 6429723
TI  - Epidemiology: a step forward in the scientific approach to preventing cancer
      through chemoprevention.
AB  - Until quite recently, the rigor and systematic approach applied to clinical
      research had never been applied to cancer prevention research. During 1982-83,
      however, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) carefully reviewed the needs and
      potentials in cancer prevention and control and developed a new policy for
      prevention research, requiring that development of cancer intervention follow an
      orderly sequence of research phases. These phases provide systematic assessment
      of interventions so that only those proven to be effective are brought to
      widespread implementation. The author presents an overview of the new cancer
      prevention research policy; explains the manner in which epidemiologic studies
      contribute to development of policy and research; and describes NCI's research
      plan for chemoprevention, providing highlights of research studies that have
      contributed to its development and that will be implemented under the plan.

PMID- 6429724
TI  - The role of epidemiology in prevention of hypertension in Israel.
AB  - High blood pressure may be the most important modifiable determinant of severe
      morbidity and mortality in the adult population in Israel. Because hypertension
      control can effect a reduction in this morbidity and mortality, programs of
      secondary--and subsequently primary--prevention can have a far-reaching impact on
      the state of health in the nation. The primary care delivery system in Israel is
      structurally well suited to centrally directed initiatives. Major hypertension
      control programs are being introduced in Israel. The General Federation of Labour
      Sick Fund (Kupat Holim)--the nation's chief provider of primary care--has
      recently undertaken a wide-scale initiative for detection and treatment of high
      blood pressure in its neighborhood primary care clinics. A policy decision has
      thus been made on a national level; resources for intervention have been made
      available and activities initiated. The issue in need of resolution, the authors
      believe, is that of the integration of rigorous epidemiologic methodology into
      the planning and execution of the programs, particularly in program evaluation
      and resultant program modification. The authors outline selected epidemiologic
      characteristics of hypertension in Israel, emphasizing the major role that
      elevated blood pressure plays as a determinant of mortality; the present status
      of hypertension control; current programs for control; and the role of
      epidemiology in preventive programs.

PMID- 6429725
TI  - Prevention of measles in Israel: implications of a long-term partial immunization
      program.
AB  - Following the introduction of routine measles immunization in Israel in 1967,
      rapid and persistent modifications in the pattern of the disease were observed,
      including much more limited and more widely spaced epidemics, a change in the age
      distribution of measles cases, and a progressively increasing herd immunity that
      was estimated, following the 1982 epidemic, at 91.6 percent for the first 26
      generations. This pattern supports the expectation that measles can be eliminated
      in Israel provided a herd immunity greater than or equal to 94 percent can be
      achieved before the next epidemic, which is predicted for 1988-89. A logistic
      approach to the elimination of measles in Israel requires (a) maintenance of an
      immunization rate of at least 90 percent in each newborn generation; (b)
      identification and immunization of still susceptible children in the 1-5 year and
      6-9 year age groups, to attain vaccination coverage for at least 97 percent of
      this population (which should result in immunity among at least 94 percent); (c)
      provision of similar coverage for older, susceptible individuals in selected
      groups of children, adolescents, and young adults at high risk; (d) disease
      surveillance based on an early identification of the main sources of infection
      and monitoring of the active foci of disease in the neighbouring territories,
      which are an important potential source of the introduction of infection.

PMID- 6429726
TI  - Substance abuse by adolescents in Israel and France: a cross-cultural
      perspective.
AB  - Household surveys of urban youths 14-18 years of age were conducted in 1979 with
      609 Israeli adolescents and in 1977 with 499 French adolescents. The overall
      order in the prevalence of use of legal and illegal drugs was identical in both
      countries. Cigarettes and alcohol were used by a larger proportion of young
      people than the illegal drugs; marijuana was used much more frequently than any
      other illicit drug. The same cumulative sequence of drug use appeared in the
      survey data for French and Israeli adolescents as in comparative data for
      adolescents in the United States--cigarette and alcohol use preceded the use of
      illicit drugs. Striking cross-cultural differences appeared in the overall
      lifetime and current prevalences of use of all drugs, in the frequency of use,
      and in the age- and sex-specific rates for adolescents in Israel and in France.
      French youths uniformly reported greater lifetime and current use of all
      alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, and illegal drugs, more extensive involvement,
      and smaller sex differences than the Israeli youths. Prevalence of the use of
      drugs in a culture appears to be associated with four social processes: higher
      number of times each drug has been used; greater persistence of involvement, as
      reflected by the proportions of current users among those who ever tried a
      particular drug; earlier age of first use; and a spread of the phenomenon
      throughout all groups in society that attenuates group differences in drug
      experiences. These cross-cultural results suggest a relatively conservative
      position with regard to accessibility and availability of substances: reducing
      availability may be one way to reduce individual consumption by impinging not on
      individual persons directly but on society.

PMID- 6429727
TI  - Infant mortality--a progress report.

PMID- 6429728
TI  - Koch's postulates and the search for the AIDS agent.

PMID- 6429729
TI  - Hypertension control: meeting the 1990 objectives for the nation.
AB  - Hypertension (high blood pressure) is 1 of 15 health priorities of the Public
      Health Service set forth in the report, "Promoting Health/Preventing Disease:
      Objectives for the Nation." The nine objectives for hypertension include improved
      health status, reduced risk factors, increased public-professional awareness,
      improved services and protection, and improved surveillance-evaluation systems. A
      number of Federal agencies, coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
      Institute, are working to reach the hypertension objectives in cooperation with
      State, local, and voluntary agencies and organizations. A great deal of progress
      has been made toward the objectives, as reflected by a variety of indicators. By
      1980, for example, 34.1 percent of the population with hypertension had their
      blood pressure controlled at less than 160/95 mm Hg, but in 1972 only 16.5
      percent were so controlled. Since 1972, the age-adjusted death rate has dropped
      42 percent for stroke and 27 percent for coronary heart disease. Data indicate
      that the national goal for sodium ingestion (3-6 grams daily) may already have
      been met. Fifty-one percent of the population understand that hypertension may
      lead to stroke, meeting another objective. Public knowledge about hypertension as
      a "major likely cause of heart trouble" almost doubled in the 6-year period for
      which data are available. In 1982, 30 percent of processed food in grocery stores
      had sodium content labeling and almost 50 percent had calorie labeling, according
      to studies conducted by the Bureau of Foods of the Food and Drug Administration.
      Efforts are underway to develop a methodology for assessing incidence of
      hypertension and categories of hypertension control, a need spelled out in
      another objective.

PMID- 6429730
TI  - Family physicians' beliefs about screening for colorectal cancer using the stool
      guaiac slide test.
AB  - The stool guaiac slide test (SGST) is a relatively recent innovation in screening
      for colorectal cancer. The test detects occult blood in the stool that may
      indicate the presence of cancer. In recent years, the SGST has been widely
      promoted as a screening test to aid in the detection of colorectal cancer.
      However, data from public and mass screening programs indicate that many people
      are unaware of the test and that few have actually taken it. The findings from
      these studies suggest that many physicians may not be using the test in their
      medical practices. The literature on diffusion theory suggests that acceptance of
      an innovation is influenced by the potential adopter's perception of the
      innovation's relative advantages over those of the ideas it supersedes, its
      perceived complexity, and its compatibility with the existing values and
      practices of the receiver. This research examined these factors as they relate to
      use of the SGST among a sample of 131 family physicians in New York State. Eighty
      two percent of these physicians reported that they provide guaiac slides to at
      least some of their patients to collect stool specimens at home. The test was
      reportedly more commonly used for older patients than for younger ones. The
      physicians' beliefs about the relative effectiveness of the test in detecting
      early-stage colorectal cancer, compared with the effectiveness of alternative
      screening tests, and their perceptions about patients' willingness and ability to
      do the test at home were found to be important factors distinguishing between
      physicians who said they used the test and physicians who did not. The findings
      from this study suggest that future efforts aimed at promoting the use o1 theSGST
      among primary care physicians should emphasize the relative merits of the test in
      comparison with those of alternative screening procedures, especially with regard
      to its effectiveness in detecting early stage cancers, its simplicity, and its
      acceptance by patients.

PMID- 6429731
TI  - The Orphan Drug Act and the Federal Government's Orphan Products Development
      Program.
AB  - Through the combined efforts of agencies and organizations in the public and
      private sector, drugs have been made available that would not have been at hand
      without a specific focus on the orphan drug issue. It is anticipated that these
      cooperative efforts will continue beyond the first enthusiastic burst engendered
      by the inception of new and interesting activities.

PMID- 6429732
TI  - The population attributable risk of hypertension from heavy alcohol consumption.
AB  - The association between alcohol consumption and hypertension was studied in
      11,899 men aged 40-55 years. The prevalence of hypertension among heavy drinkers
      was significantly higher than among those who did not drink heavily. Heavy
      drinking was defined as consumption of five or more drinks daily or four or more
      drinks daily. A total of 136 persons fulfilled the five drinks or more per day
      definition and 230, the four drinks daily definition. The population-attributable
      risk of hypertension contributed by heavy drinking, depending on the diagnostic
      criteria used to define each endpoint, varied from 3 to 12 percent. There is
      reason to suspect that the contribution of alcohol to hypertension in the general
      population may be somewhat higher at the present time than in the late 1950s when
      the study was conducted. Moderation of alcohol consumption, in addition to weight
      reduction and salt restriction, is another important nonpharmacological means to
      control hypertension.

PMID- 6429733
TI  - Over-the-counter drugs: factors in adult use of sedatives, tranquilizers, and
      stimulants.
AB  - Despite a growing research interest in over-the-counter (OTC) drug use, little
      information has been available about the determinants of use for this category of
      medications. The researcher examined the effects of demographic, need, and
      physician utilization measures on the use of 10 OTC drugs that were categorized
      as sedatives, tranquilizers, or stimulants. A statewide survey in 1975 of drug
      using behavior in the previous year by Illinois adults ages 18-59 resulted in
      2,738 questionnaires that could be analyzed. Thirteen variables, representing the
      demographic, need, and physician utilization characteristics of the respondents,
      were entered as predictors into logistic multiple regression models to estimate
      their effects on drug use. Only 10.37 percent of the respondents indicated that
      they had used any of the OTC drugs in the previous year. Sedative use was found
      to be increased in persons who were tense or were having trouble sleeping. Having
      trouble sleeping also increased the probability of using OTC tranquilizers and
      stimulants. Women had a much higher probability of using OTC tranquilizers than
      men, and men had a higher probability of using stimulants. Non-whites had a
      higher probability of using tranquilizers than did whites. Stimulants were more
      likely to be used by younger adults and unmarried adults. Physician utilization,
      measured by the number of visits to physicians, did not significantly affect OTC
      drug use.

PMID- 6429734
TI  - [Results of neutron therapy in radiation resistant soft tissue tumors].

PMID- 6429735
TI  - Hip arthrography in infants and children: the inferomedial approach.
AB  - We describe the use of the inferomedial approach in hip arthrography in children
      and review the technical aspects of the procedure and its complications.

PMID- 6429737
TI  - Nurse education reform.

PMID- 6429736
TI  - [Occurrence of Listeria , Bedsonia, Leptospira and Brucella antibodies in workers
      on animal husbandry farms in Wielkopolska].

PMID- 6429738
TI  - Opening address.

PMID- 6429739
TI  - [Prognostic value of changes in serum histaminase (DAO) activity in cases of
      threatened abortion].

PMID- 6429740
TI  - [Automated synthesis system for production of 11C-glucose].
AB  - A fully automated synthesis system of 11C-glucose by the photosynthesis method
      has been developed for clinical use. This system has been designed to be as
      convenient as possible for routine use, and the full automation of the whole
      procedure from the target gas recovery to collection of the final 11C
      glucose/fructose mixture has been accomplished by microcomputer control. A
      mixture of 11C-glucose/fructose (1:1) was obtained with 20 approximately 35% of
      radiochemical yield within 60 min.

PMID- 6429741
TI  - A review of the Food and Drug Administration risk analysis for polychlorinated
      biphenyls in fish.
AB  - This paper reviews the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analysis of the risk to
      humans from consuming fish contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In
      brief, the FDA methodology employed "high" dose experiments on animals and
      extrapolated the observed rates of certain types of cancer at these elevated
      doses to the low doses found in human diets. These extrapolations were then used
      to define a recommended tolerance level of 5 ppm, and proposed reduction to 2
      ppm, for fish sold in interstate commerce. Unfortunately, as is shown here, such
      a procedure is extremely sensitive to the basis for extrapolation. Important
      elements of the FDA analysis include the following: (i) FDA assumed a particular
      form of the dose-response model: the one-hit model. Many other models have been
      proposed and, on balance, appear equally plausible. These models estimate lower
      risks than does the one-hit model. (ii) FDA calculated 99% upper confidence
      bounds on these risks and, moreover, emphasized cases of fish eaters who consume
      greater amounts of PCB-contaminated fish than do 98.5% of the U.S. population.
      (iii) FDA based PCB ingestion computations on consumption of raw fish, whereas
      most fish are cooked before eating, and it is known that PCB levels in cooked
      fish are lower than PCB levels in raw fish. (iv) FDA based estimates of cancer
      risk on the assumption that PCB levels in fish would be constant over the nominal
      70-year human life span used in the FDA "lifetime risk" computation. Recent data
      suggest that PCB levels have been declining in fish (particularly in sport fish)
      and humans as well. Such trends imply significantly lower cumulative lifetime PCB
      doses than were assumed in the FDA analysis. (v) FDA assumed that humans and test
      animals are equally sensitive to PCB ingestion when measured on a parts per
      million in diet basis. Extrapolations on an equivalent consumption per unit of
      body weight, thought appropriate by most researchers, result in much lower health
      risks. In short, when confronted with methodological choices, the FDA
      consistently selected "worst case" or conservative assumptions over other
      alternatives of at least equal plausibility. This philosophy of choice was
      explicitly acknowledged by the FDA. What was omitted from the FDA analysis,
      however, was the possible degree of overstatement of these risks. The results of
      replicate risk computations using alternative assumptions to examine the possible
      magnitude of overstatement of health risk are summarized in Table 12. As can be
      seen, this overstatement could easily account for a discrepancy of several orders
      of magnitude between actual and calculated risks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6429742
TI  - Risk estimation for environmental chemicals as a basis for decision making.
AB  - An account is given of the manner in which regulatory decisions for a number of
      environmental chemicals have been made in Canada. The sources of evidence for
      such decisions are reviewed and applied to tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate,
      drinking water contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, dioxins, and urea
      formaldehyde foam insulation. Finally, the societal implications of too
      mechanistic an approach to risk estimations are considered.

PMID- 6429743
TI  - [Enteral feeding--technical considerations, care and complications].

PMID- 6429744
TI  - [Fetal alcohol syndrome as a cause of secondary malnutrition].

PMID- 6429745
TI  - [Bacillus cereus infection in newborn infants].

PMID- 6429746
TI  - [Evaluation of an ambulatory program of psychomotor development stimulation in
      malnourished infants].

PMID- 6429747
TI  - [Association of Von Recklinghausen syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia (juvenile
      variety) and congenital bone abnormalities. Cytochemical study].

PMID- 6429748
TI  - [Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in diabetic ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6429749
TI  - [Pleural effusion as the first manifestation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].

PMID- 6429750
TI  - [Clinical significance of the monoclonal macroglobulinemias].

PMID- 6429751
TI  - [Gastric diverticuli. Report of 12 cases].

PMID- 6429752
TI  - [ECG-triggered NMR tomography of the heart].
AB  - The technique and scope of ECG-triggered NMR tomography of the heart are
      described. Correct attachment of the ECG electrodes and cables is important in
      order to avoid artifacts. The anatomical structure of the heart and mediastinum
      can be demonstrated with a clarity which has not been possible hitherto in all
      three planes (axial, frontal, sagittal). This results in considerable advantages
      when examining abnormal hearts, since it is possible to avoid the risk of
      contrast media.

PMID- 6429753
TI  - [Human testing of the nuclear spin tomographic contrast medium gadolinium-DTPA.
      Tolerance, contrast affect and the 1st clinical results].
AB  - In an initial clinical trial we examined the tolerance and the influence
      exercised on signals in nuclear magnetic resonance tomography by gadolinium-DTPA.
      In an open study, 4 dosages between 0.005 and 0.25 mmol Gd-DTPA/kg body-weight
      were tested on 5 healthy volunteers each. To ensure renal elimination of Gd-DTPA,
      NMR images were produced (0.35 T Magnetom) visualising the kidneys and urinary
      bladder before and more than 60 minutes after application of the contrast medium.
      The article shows in what manner the image is influenced by the dosage of the
      contrast medium and also by the time interval elapsing between injection of the
      contrast medium and production of the NMR tomogram. - Finally, first clinical
      results of NMR tomography contrast medium application are demonstrated in the
      case of 5 patients with cerebral tumours.

PMID- 6429754
TI  - [Diagnosis of renovascular hypertension by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography and renal sequential scintigraphy].
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 131J-hippuran clearance
      (NSS) were evaluated in 113 patients, both methods were made as screening tests
      for renovascular hypertension. In 9 examinations DSA was not diagnostic, in 18
      patients arterial wall lesions were found. The dynamic renal imaging with
      hippuran showed alterations in 86 patients, 2 patients with renal arterial
      stenosis had normal findings. Combination of both methods yields good results in
      estimation of the haemodynamic significance of a renal arterial narrowing.

PMID- 6429755
TI  - [Diagnosis of posttraumatic ruptures of the thoracic aorta in the full chest x
      ray and in angiography].
AB  - In the diagnosis of acute and chronic posttraumatic false aneurysms of the
      thoracic aorta the importance of imaging methods can't be overemphasized,
      especially, since clinical signs often are of no help. The findings in plain
      films and angiography in 17 patients with posttraumatic aortic rupture are
      described and discussed. The importance of angiography is stressed.

PMID- 6429756
TI  - [Selective embolization of the internal iliac artery in life-threatening
      hemorrhaging prostatic cancer].
AB  - The catheter embolization of the a. iliaca interna is a quick, little straining
      and effective method in order to control bleedings threatening life in the region
      of the organs of the small pelvis. It is superior to surgical ligature because of
      the better result and the less straining intervention. With the illustration of a
      case report the method will be demonstrated again and indications and
      complications will be discussed.

PMID- 6429757
TI  - [Adenomyomatosis and cholesterol polyps of the gallbladder. A comparison of
      radiological and sonographic diagnosis].
AB  - To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonic methods in diagnosing hyperplastic
      cholecystoses we performed sonography on 31 patients in whom adenomyomatosis of
      cholesterol polyps of the gall bladder had been diagnosed radiologically. Despite
      recent improvements in the image quality of ultrasound machines the ultrasonic
      method was no better in diagnosing cholesterol polyps than radiology and was
      inferior to radiology in diagnosing localized alterations of the gall bladder
      wall caused by adenomyomatosis. Thus for the latter radiology remains the method
      of choice.

PMID- 6429758
TI  - [Pancreaticorrhagia--imaging procedures compared].
AB  - Four patients with spontaneous bleeding from the pancreas are described.
      Transpapillary bleeding is diagnosed endoscopically. Angiography can demonstrate
      the eroded vessel directly. Ultrasound, CT and ERCP demonstrate the underlying
      abnormality in the pancreas. Bleeding into a cyst produces characteristic echoes,
      or an increase in density. NMR is able to demonstrate pancreatitis and pancreatic
      pseudo-cysts. Early diagnosis is extremely important, since without appropriate
      surgery, pancreatic bleeding is frequently fatal.

PMID- 6429759
TI  - [Significance of the esophagogram compared to computed tomography in esophageal
      cancer].
AB  - A comparison of the oesophagogram and computed tomography has shown that there is
      angulation of the axis of the oesophagus in 75% of patients with perioesophageal
      tumour spread. This angulation is more common due to tumour in the younger
      patient. Longer tumours tend to show deeper infiltration into the peri
      oesophageal tissue, although its frequency is not necessarily increased. Tumours
      longer than 8 cm. show infiltration in about 80% of cases.

PMID- 6429760
TI  - [Advances in the early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia by real-time
      sonography].
AB  - Twenty-four infants and children aged five days to three years had their hips
      examined by ultrasound, and in 17 the findings were compared with the
      radiographic appearances. Real-time sonography, because of its flexibility, is a
      suitable screening method for the early diagnosis of hip dysplasia. It has the
      typical characteristics of a screening method: so far there have been no false
      negative findings. False positive results are rare, but cannot be completely
      excluded. The patients examined so far were mostly abnormal, and a final
      assessment of false positive findings will have to await larger clinical
      material, including normals.

PMID- 6429761
TI  - [Computed tomography and the pathogenic potential of the medial parapatellar
      fold].
AB  - The anatomy of the synovial folds of the knee joint is described. Autopsy
      material and the authors' clinical experience are discussed and compared with the
      literature. CT is superior to conventional arthrography for demonstrating the
      synovial folds, even when Knutson's technique is used. The morphology of the
      plica and its relationship to chondropathia of the patella is discussed.

PMID- 6429762
TI  - [Early arthrosis of the finger joints. The results of soft-ray pictures in 3
      views].
AB  - Arthrosis of the digital joints begins predominantly on the volar joint surface
      and the volar-proximal margin of the head. Because of this localisation, and in
      order to obtain adequate contrast and definition, these early changes are best
      shown by means of low R.V. radiographs in three views. The early changes consist
      of the following local processes: intrachondral sclerosis, exomarginal and
      endomarginal subchondral sclerosis, discreet increase in the spongiosa; this
      leads to disrounding and hooklike form of the head; thickening or disappearance
      of the sub-marginal spongiosa and marginal defects. Artifacts produced by the
      projections or local bone variants must be recognised, as well as diffuse
      idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

PMID- 6429763
TI  - [Arthrography of the functionally disordered temporomandibular joint].
AB  - Arthrography provides accurate information concerning abnormal changes and
      function of the soft tissue components of the T.M.J. It is superior to all other
      clinical and radiological methods of examination for elucidating functional
      abnormalities. The increasing incidence of functional T.M.J. abnormalities and
      improvements in treatment make arthrography of the T.M.J. of increasing
      importance. The importance of views in the sagittal plane and of video recordings
      is stressed.

PMID- 6429764
TI  - [Value of digital projection radiography with a CT apparatus for thoracic
      diagnosis].
AB  - In order to examine the value of the digital projection radiography (DPR) for
      chest diagnostics, the digital radiograms of the chest have been compared with
      conventional radiograms in case of 350 patients. From 469 pathological diagnoses
      84.2% could be diagnosed by the conventional roentgen film technique and 93.4% by
      the DPR. The results show that the DPR proves to be superior in recognizing
      peripheral pulmonary foci of less density and mediastinal processes as against
      the chest radiogram. The cause for this is the high density respectively contrast
      resolving power of the system. Advantages may be expected by the development of
      CT independent units for the DPR of the chest with improved geometrical resolving
      power, by new image reconstruction methods, and by the dual energy subtraction.

PMID- 6429765
TI  - [Complex evaluation of film mammography imaging systems. I. Methodological
      principles].
AB  - Today the range of image-recording systems in film mammography is so wide that an
      evaluation is only possible taking each and every technical parameter into
      account. The signal-to-noise ratio as defined in our earlier publications (10,
      11) comprises all of these parameters. Trying to define the signal-to-noise
      ratio, especially the calculation of noise energy remains controversial and
      problematic. As its equivalent, the so-called noise-equivalent pass band of the
      human visual system for the different detail sizes is used. The signal-to-noise
      ratio is depicted as a matrix in an isometric plot. It demonstrates all of the
      imaging qualities of the recording system within the range covered by the
      experimental measurements. Different quality definitions of information theory,
      such as information quality and information capacity, can be deduced from the
      signal-to-noise matrices, enabling a comparison with digital storage media.

PMID- 6429766
TI  - [Compound technic: the effect on lateral resolution, acoustic shadowing and the
      detection threshold of calculi].
AB  - The examination under discussion shows the specialities of the compound
      technique, by example of the octoson machine. When the number of transducers is
      increased, i.e. as by compound technique, an improvement in the lateral
      resolution can be recognized. The transducers lying outside the C-curve of the
      octoson demonstrate the structure very nearly axial. The shadowing of concrements
      (which is very important for recognition) is only evident when using 1-2
      transducers and disappear in the compound technique. By increasing the number of
      transducers, shadowing behind air and bariumsulphate disappears.

PMID- 6429767
TI  - [Measurement of the modulation transfer function of film-screen combinations with
      a lead scanning pattern].
AB  - A lead bar pattern, with continuously varying frequencies, has been used for
      measurement of modulation transfer functions of screen-film combinations.
      Although the highest usable frequency of the grid is only 3.4 mm-1, evaluation of
      the first as well the third harmonic permits the expansion of the frequency range
      up to 10.2 mm-1. Automatic evaluation of the images of the bar pattern gives
      reproducible results. These are presented.

PMID- 6429768
TI  - Metastatic pulmonary calcification in a young patient with renal failure. Plain
      film and radionuclide evaluation.

PMID- 6429769
TI  - Liver calcifications following hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil,
      adriamycin and mitomycin C (FAM).

PMID- 6429770
TI  - [Mesenchymal, predominantly leiomyomatous, differentiated hamartoma of the
      liver].

PMID- 6429771
TI  - [Esophago-tracheal fistula in malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

PMID- 6429772
TI  - [Jugular vein reflux in the CT x-ray].

PMID- 6429773
TI  - [Dystopic cake kidney in the Klippel-Feil syndrome. Its sonographic diagnosis].

PMID- 6429774
TI  - Craniovertebral lesions in patient with CREST syndrome.

PMID- 6429775
TI  - [Comparative studies on imaging artificial bone lesions--conventional tomography
      and computed tomography].
AB  - Conventional tomography (T) and computer tomography (CT) were used for examining
      97 artificial bone lesions at various sites. The purpose of the study was to
      determine how far CT can replace T in the diagnosis of skeletal abnormalities.
      The results have shown that modern CT, particularly in its high resolution form,
      equals T and provides additional information (substrate of a lesion, its
      relationship to neighbouring tissues, simultaneous demonstration of soft tissues
      etc.). These cannot be shown successfully by T. It follows that CT is indicated
      as the primary method of examination for lesions of the facial skeleton, skull
      base, spine, pelvis and, to some extent, extremities.

PMID- 6429776
TI  - [The joints in the posterior part of the foot in the computed tomogram. Studies
      on amputation preparations and clinical observations].
AB  - CT of the foot often helps clarification of difficult problems where conventional
      radiology has proved inadequate. Sections in the coronary and transverse plane
      may demonstrate fractures, joint involvement and displacement of bone fragments.
      Ill-defined degenerative changes in the talo-calcaneal joint can be demonstrated.
      The extent and localisation of rare tumours of the foot can be shown and
      additional information may be obtained by densitometric studies.

PMID- 6429777
TI  - [Diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis. A subentity of intrapelvic fatty tumor].
AB  - Nineteen patients with various types of lipoma in the pelvis are described.
      Clinical findings, radiological examinations, and follow-up studies constitute a
      particular type of lipoma, diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis; this can be
      distinguished from other fatty tumours because of its localisation, extent,
      therapeutic results and long course. Computed tomography enables us to
      differentiate simple lipomatosis pelvis from diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis.
      Histological examination is essential for excluding a liposarcoma. Growth or
      malignant change of diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis is most easily recognized by
      computed tomographic serial observation.

PMID- 6429778
TI  - [Computed tomography in cervical lymphadenopathies].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of cervical lymphadenopathies were studied
      in 130 patients with special reference to differential diagnosis. The volume and
      contour of the lymph nodes, their radiosensitivity and contrast enhancement were
      judged for differential diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 6429779
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of computed tomographic staging of bladder
      carcinoma].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 27 proven cases of bladder cancer was made comparing
      the CT-results and the histopathological staging made at TUR and/or cystectomy or
      at autopsy. In about 80% of the cases a differentiation between tumors only
      infiltrating and those penetrating the bladder wall was possible. Tumors only
      involving the bladder wall could not be further differentiated by CT(T1S-T3a). In
      the more advanced stages wall edema and/or fibrous reactions of the paravesical
      tissue caused difficulties in staging. As a non-invasive procedure CT should be
      used to stage bladder tumors as it can give additional information about the
      paravesical soft tissue and thus contributes to the adequate management of the
      tumor.

PMID- 6429780
TI  - [Puerperal thrombophlebitis of the ovarian veins--diagnosis using CT].
AB  - Two cases of puerperal thrombophlebitis of the ovarian veins are described and
      the literature is reviewed. By means of computer tomography, it has become
      possible for the first time to make the diagnosis of this little-known and
      frequently missed condition by a non-invasive method. The patient is spared
      complicated angiographic procedures and possibly also surgery. The typical CT
      findings consist of: a) a thickened adnexa, b) a circular lesion extending from
      the adnexa to the hilum of the kidney, c) an obstructed ureter and c) an enlarged
      uterus.

PMID- 6429781
TI  - [Typical computed tomographic findings in neurofibromatosis].
AB  - Three patients with neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's disease) were examined by
      computer tomography. In this way, the exact extent and localisation of the
      neurofibromatous tumours could be demonstrated. In one patient, CT provided
      evidence of malignant change; this was verified histologically. The appearances
      of neurofibromatosis associated with elephantiasis is described. In each patient,
      treatment was significantly influenced by computer tomography.

PMID- 6429782
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow measurement by dynamic computed tomography before and after
      reconstructive vascular surgery].
AB  - Sequential changes of cerebral regional blood flow and parenchymal perfusion were
      examined with dynamic CT in 12 patients with arteriosclerotic occlusive disease
      before and after vascular reconstructive surgery. ROI density values were
      recorded bilaterally in corresponding regions of the brain tissue and vessels.
      Interpretation is based on transient time of the bolus (timing of peak), delay of
      the peak and amplitude of the change of density-time curve. Differences of
      hemodynamics before and after surgery are demonstrated, a practical technique for
      measuring the relative perfusion.

PMID- 6429783
TI  - [10-MHz-B-scan sonography of the cervical carotid arteries].
AB  - Two hundred and eighty-two consecutive patients with cerebro-vascular
      insufficiency, with non-specific neurological symptoms or asymptomatic murmurs,
      were examined prospectively by two-dimensional high resolution 10 MHz B-scan real
      time sonography. Arteriosclerotic plaques were usually semi-circular (77%), of
      high amplitude (64%) and homogeneous (80%). Ulcerating plaques were correctly
      diagnosed in only three out of eight cases demonstrated angiographically. So far
      there has been no definite relationship between the appearance of the plaques and
      clinical symptoms. Compared with arteriography (170 examinations) the specificity
      of sonography was 98% (62/63), the sensitivity for plaques was 100% (50/50), for
      stenoses it was 63% (5/8) to 93% (14/15), for occlusions it was 76% (13/17). The
      indications and drawbacks of the method are discussed.

PMID- 6429784
TI  - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - An abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected in 77 patients among 16 488 abdominal
      ultrasonographies (US) performed in 1978-1983. In 62 cases the US finding was
      confirmed by operation, autopsy or other imaging method, and the US finding
      proved true in 60 cases. The length and diameter were accurately estimated and
      accompanying thrombosis reliably visualised. An error rate of 24% was observed in
      assessing the relation of the aneurysm to the renal arteries. US is recommended
      as the primary imaging mode in suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm. Screening of
      the abdominal aorta is recommended in elderly patients with abdominal pain and/or
      referred for abdominal US.

PMID- 6429785
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the detection of spinal
      angiomas].
AB  - In every case in whom the myelogram suggests abnormal vascularity, a spinal
      arteriogram by means of intravenous DSA is indicated. This should be regarded as
      a screening method in order to confirm the suspected diagnosis of a spinal
      angioma and to ascertain its extent. After embolisation or surgery, intravenous
      DSA is a suitable method for observing the result of the treatment.

PMID- 6429786
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (i.v. DSA) of the leg arteries using
      a movable table].
AB  - Sixty-three I.V. DSA examinations of the lower limbs, using a movable table top,
      are reported. In 92% the examination was adequate. The amount of contrast
      required for each examination was reduced by having the movable table top. In 8%
      the examination was inadequate because of increased circulation time, movement of
      the patient during table top travel or reduced blood flow through severe or long
      stenoses.

PMID- 6429787
TI  - [Anatomic resolution of intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the
      kidney using different concentrations of contrast media].
AB  - In 40 patients in whom intra-arterial DSA of the kidney was carried out, the
      appearance of the vessels was compared between group A (20 patients) in whom 5
      ml. of Iopamidol 300 mg. I./ml. and 5 ml. Iopamidol 150 mg. I./ml. were used,
      with group B (20 patients) in whom 5 ml. Iopamidol 300 mg. I./ml. and 10 ml.
      Iopamidol 150 mg. I./ml. were used. Apart from the well known advantages of intra
      arterial DSA, no improvement was brought about by using lower concentration of
      contrast.

PMID- 6429788
TI  - [Primary duodenal carcinoma. Clinico-radiologic study].
AB  - Primary carcinoma of the duodenum represents about 0.35% of all gastrointestinal
      carcinomas and is thus a rare disease. The radiological diagnosis of a duodenal
      origin is made more difficult by the close proximity of the pancreas, biliary
      system, right kidney and transverse colon. Histologically, duodenal malignant
      tumours are usually adenocarcinomas. Between 1973 and 1983, eight patients with
      primary duodenal carcinomas were diagnosed at the University of Tubingen. Average
      age of the patients was 67 years. There was no sex difference. Average survival
      was 3.3 years.

PMID- 6429789
TI  - [Subligamentous resorption in the finger as an early sign of
      hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - Not infrequently, hyperparathyroidism first becomes manifest in the finger only
      by sub-ligamentous resorption at the point of attachment of the numerous
      structures or in combination with border-line subperiosteal resorption. A
      favourable target site are the bone prominences which serve for attachment of the
      cruciform part of the fibrous tendon sheath.

PMID- 6429790
TI  - [Complex evaluation of film mammographic imaging systems. 2. Comparison of 18
      systems using a signal-noise matrix].
AB  - The concept of the signal-noise matrix with physiological optical noise
      measurements for defining visibility thresholds provides a quantitative means for
      comparing film mammographic systems (9). Eighteen such systems were compared. A
      graded list can be produced relating the integrated signal-noise ratio to area
      and detail contrast (image quality) and to the required radiation dose (dose
      efficiency). For this, maximal dose (industrial film) and minimal image quality
      can be taken into consideration. In this list, in agreement with other
      publications (12) high resolution film-screen combinations, using industrial film
      (eg. Cronex 70/screen) come top. In combination with a grid technique, this
      system achieves a greatly superior image quality. Amongst commercial film-screen
      systems, only the Trimax mammography system with high resolution screens is
      comparable. All other commercial systems (single or double coated films) are
      unsatisfactory with respect to their dose efficiency and image quality. Some
      industrial films without screens (Mamoray M4) are intermediate between high
      definition and other commercial systems. Ninety-second, screenless films offered
      for mammography appear unsuitable for this purpose, both in view of their dose
      efficiency and image quality.

PMID- 6429791
TI  - [Application of ROC analysis to evaluating different methods of skeletal
      scintigraphy. Description of a practicable method].
AB  - Various techniques producing similar information can be compared by the use of
      ROC analysis. A practical and quick method of ROC analysis, which is otherwise
      very time-consuming, has been described for comparing various types of skeletal
      scintigraphy. Data is obtained by means of a phantom and evaluated with the help
      of a scheme which requires only moderate computational facilities.

PMID- 6429792
TI  - [Traumatic dissection and pseudoocclusion of the internal carotid artery and its
      spontaneous recanalization].

PMID- 6429793
TI  - [Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein].

PMID- 6429794
TI  - [Combined congenital malformations: intraluminal duodenal diverticulum and
      annular pancreas].

PMID- 6429795
TI  - [Removal of an obstruction in a bile duct prosthesis using a balloon catheter].

PMID- 6429796
TI  - [The calvarial "doughnut lesion"].

PMID- 6429797
TI  - [Aseptic osteochondronecrosis of the ischial tuberosity as a form of sports
      injury].

PMID- 6429798
TI  - [Localized interstitial calcinosis in the scintigraphic image].

PMID- 6429799
TI  - [Changes in pulmonary physiopathology in intensive care in abdominal injuries].

PMID- 6429800
TI  - [Perforated duodenal diverticulum diagnosed preoperatively].

PMID- 6429801
TI  - Structure-activity relationship in the effect of 1,4-benzodiazepines on morphine,
      aminopyrine and oestrone metabolism.
AB  - The influence of a number of 1,4-Benzodiazepines was investigated on morphine and
      aminopyrine metabolism and on oestrone and p-nitrophenol glucuronidation, in rat
      liver microsomes. Benzodiazepines inhibited in a differential degree the N
      demethylase activities for morphine and aminopyrine N-demethylation as well as
      glucuronyltransferase activity for morphine. Oestrone glucuronyltransferase
      activity was markedly stimulated by certain benzodiazepines whereas p-nitrophenol
      glucuronidation was not altered. A structure activity relationship in the
      inhibition of morphine and aminopyrine metabolism by benzodiazepines was
      observed. In fact, the presence of halogens at C-2, a methyl group at N-1 and a
      methylene substituent instead of a keto group at C-3 in the benzodiazepine
      structure increased the inhibitory effect. The possible role of these metabolic
      pathways of other substituents in the benzodiazepines, is discussed.

PMID- 6429802
TI  - Varied egg gas conductance, air cell gas tensions and development in Agapornis
      roseicollis.
AB  - Different color varieties of the small African parrot, Agapornis roseicollis ,
      lay eggs which differ by as much as a factor of 7 in gas conductance. Oxygen
      consumption (VO2) and air cell gas tensions (PAO2, PACO2) were measured
      repeatedly on individual eggs during development. No differences were observed in
      the ontogeny of VO2, incubation period, or hatchling mass of eggs with different
      gas conductances, in spite of large differences in PAO2 and PACO2. Low
      conductance eggs reached PAO2 as low as 46.0 torr (6.13 kPa) and PACO2 as high as
      90.5 torr (12.07 kPa). Although pipping occurred earlier in low conductance eggs,
      pipping did not occur at similar air cell gas tensions in eggs differing in
      conductance. Chorioallantoic membrane development was about 75% complete on day
      12 and not fully complete until day 18 of the 22-23 day incubation period. The
      capacity of avian embryos to develop and hatch normally in eggs of different
      conductances may be important in allowing adaptation to varying nesting
      environments.

PMID- 6429803
TI  - CO2 and naloxone modify sleep/wake state and activate breathing in the acute
      fetal lamb preparation.
AB  - We studied locally anesthetized lamb fetuses (140-144 days' gestation) in utero
      on the day of surgical preparation (the acute preparation) to correlate
      sleep/wake (S/W) states with fetal breathing movements (FBM) activated by CO2
      with and without endorphin displacement by naloxone. We placed electrodes for
      definition of S/W states, a carotid arterial catheter for injections and
      measurements of pressure, pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2, and intratracheal and
      intraesophageal catheters for measurement of FBM and esophageal motility. We
      recorded the onset, pattern and cessation of breathing and estimated fetal
      respiratory responsivity to CO2 rebreathing by the ewe using our fetal CO2 test
      (Moss, I.R. and Scarpelli , E.M., 1979, J. Appl. Physiol. 47: 527-531).
      Activation of breathing by CO2 either accompanied or followed wakefulness (W).
      FBM and W were sustained throughout CO2 stimulation. Cessation of breathing after
      the CO2 test was temporally associated with the resumption of sleep. When the
      test was started in active sleep (AS) and W, breathing threshold to CO2 was lower
      than when it was started in quiet sleep (QS). Naloxone treatment (1) resulted in
      activation of FBM in association with W, (2) lowered CO2 threshold as compared to
      that of CO2 tests entered in QS without naloxone, and (3) caused greater FBM
      responses to CO2 than without naloxone. These results extend previous reports
      from our laboratory in that they demonstrate the importance of W to normal
      respiratory responsivity to CO2 in the acute fetal preparation and the possible
      role of endorphins in respiratory control.

PMID- 6429804
TI  - 'Active' regulation of cutaneous gas exchange by capillary recruitment in
      amphibians: experimental evidence and a revised model for skin respiration.
AB  - Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide elimination, cutaneous and systemic blood flows
      (measured by microsphere technique) and the number of perfused capillaries in the
      hind foot web have been measured at 25 degrees C in unanaesthetized bullfrogs
      (Rana catesbeiana) both while breathing air as they float in water and while
      resting totally out of water in humidified air. The gas exchange ratio,
      approximately 1 while breathing with both water and air, fell to 0.5 or lower
      during 4 h of complete air exposure. A concomitant decrease occurred in both
      cutaneous blood flow and the proportion of perfused to non-perfused capillaries
      in the hind foot web. Upon returning to floating at the water surface, cutaneous
      blood flow and capillary recruitment increased again and the gas exchange ratio
      increased to above 2 for several hours. These data suggest that a partial
      inhibition of CO2 excretion is linked with a decrease in the extent and pattern
      of blood flow through the skin, which is the major site of CO2 elimination.
      Conventional models for cutaneous CO2 elimination in amphibians reveal major
      diffusion limitations but minor, even insignificant, perfusion limitations.
      Consequently, CO2 elimination is regarded as highly responsive to changes in
      blood PCO2, but nearly insensitive to changes in blood flow. Importantly,
      however, such models have treated the skin as a single blood compartment (i.e.,
      single 'capillary'), through which blood flow is varied. We propose a multi
      capillary model which incorporates changes in capillary recruitment, and thus
      changes in the surface area across which CO2 elimination from the blood can
      occur. In such a model, changes in the number of perfused capillaries cause major
      changes in CO2 elimination. Experimental data on CO2 elimination agrees well with
      predicted changes using this new multi-capillary model.

PMID- 6429805
TI  - Oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin from the white rhinoceros (beta 2-GLU)
      and the tapir.
AB  - The beta-chain of rhinoceros hemoglobin contains glutamic acid at position beta
      2, and important site for the binding of organic phosphates. We have investigated
      the oxygen binding properties of this hemoglobin and its interaction with ATP,
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate, CO2 and chloride. The results show that the presence of
      GLU at position beta 2 nearly abolishes the effect of organic phosphates and CO2,
      whereas the oxygen-linked binding of chloride is not affected. Thus rhinoceros
      hemoglobin has only protons and chloride anions as major allosteric effectors for
      the control of its oxygen affinity. From the results obtained with hemoglobin
      solutions it can be calculated that the blood oxygen affinity of the rhinoceros
      must be rather high with a P50 of about 20 torr at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, which
      conforms with observations obtained for other large mammals.

PMID- 6429806
TI  - Respiration of chemodenervated goats in acute metabolic acidosis.
AB  - In awake goats before and after ablation of carotid bodies (CBx) we studied the
      effect of acute metabolic acidosis (AMA) produced by intravenous infusion of HCl
      on composition of arterial blood and CSF, and on ventilatory responsiveness to
      hyperoxic CO2 rebreathing AMA caused decrease in PaCO2 (breathing air at rest)
      indicating that alveolar ventilation was increased relative to CO2 production;
      position of CO2 response curves was shifted toward lower values of PCO2. These
      changes were similar before and after CBx, though the levels of PCO2 in arterial
      blood during air breathing at rest, and in expired gas at a given level of
      ventilation during CO2 rebreathing, were higher after CBx. We conclude that a
      respiratory adaptation to AMA does occur in goats deprived of peripheral
      chemoreceptors, and is probably mediated by the central chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6429807
TI  - [Acquired inhibition of coagulation factor VIII].

PMID- 6429808
TI  - [Resistance to antitubercular drugs in Chile].

PMID- 6429809
TI  - [Energy and protein expenditure in the postoperative period: effect of glucose
      solutions with and without amino acids].

PMID- 6429810
TI  - [Terfenadine suspension versus clemastine syrup in children with acute hay
      fever].

PMID- 6429811
TI  - Abnormal cerebrovascular responses to CO2 in sleep apnea patients.
AB  - The responses of common carotid blood flow (CCF), pressure (BP), and resistance
      (R) to variations in respiratory gases were compared during waking periods in 10
      sleep apnea patients (SA) and 10 healthy controls (N) of similar age. Respiratory
      gases were altered by 3-min CO2 rebreathing (RB), 3-min hyperventilation (HV),
      and 4-min hypoxia (HYP) procedures. CCF was measured continuously by a 5-MHz
      pulsed Doppler duplex scanner and R was calculated using brachial BP. During RB,
      which increased end-tidal PCO2 (PACO2) by 15 mm Hg, SA had a lower CCF and
      greater BP response and therefore a significantly different (positive) change in
      R compared with N. The ventilatory responses to CO2 were not significantly
      different. With HV the PACO2 fell by 13 mm Hg in both groups and CCF fell more
      markedly in SA than N with the same change in BP; therefore, R was increased
      significantly more in SA. The HYP results did not demonstrate a difference
      between groups. These results suggest that abnormal cerebrovascular responses to
      PACO2, initiated either by unusual vasoactive properties of cerebral resistance
      vessels or peculiar venous outlow patterns, may initiate or potentiate periodic
      breathing in SA by prolonging lung-to-brain circulation time.

PMID- 6429812
TI  - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the
      developing world. XIII. Acute bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Three species of bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis,
      and Streptococcus pneumoniae) cause approximately three-quarters of all cases of
      acute bacterial meningitis in industrialized and developing countries. Infections
      due to N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae type b are endemic in
      most countries; major epidemics of meningococcal disease still occur regularly,
      especially in sub- Saharan Africa. Such epidemics may be large, involving many
      thousands of patients, with a mortality that can exceed 10%. Both
      chemoprophylaxis and immunization are used to prevent meningococcal,
      pneumococcal, and H. influenzae type b meningitis. Chemoprophylaxis may involve
      the use of expensive antibiotics, and it can encourage the emergence of drug
      resistance. Mass immunization with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine can
      effectively halt an epidemic of group A or group C meningococcal disease, and
      immunization protects close contacts. However, polysaccharide vaccines are
      ineffective in infants, who are very susceptible to bacterial meningitis. New
      protein-polysaccharide conjugated vaccines may be more effective in this young
      population.

PMID- 6429813
TI  - Live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine: problem areas in production.

PMID- 6429814
TI  - Inactivated poliovirus vaccine: current production methods and new developments.
AB  - The biotechnologic developments during the last decade have led to the production
      of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) on an industrial scale and at
      economically acceptable costs. Replacement of primary monkey kidney cells by
      subcultured monkey kidney, Vero, or human diploid cells as substrate for virus
      multiplication as well as the introduction of the microcarrier culture technique
      have made cell and virus cultivation in large fermentors of 100-1,000 liters
      feasible. Procedures for processing virus harvests into highly concentrated
      purified vaccines were developed; also, the safety and potency control tests were
      improved and simplified. It has been demonstrated that these more potent
      poliovirus vaccines, either alone or in combination with diphtheria-tetanus
      pertussis vaccine, induce a high immunity with reduced vaccination schedules. The
      overall costs of vaccination will be reduced considerably in this way. In
      addition, the results of biochemical and immunologic studies indicate that
      neutralizing antibodies can be induced by the viral proteins alone. These
      findings open up promising perspectives for production of subunit poliovirus
      vaccines with use of recombinant DNA and synthetic antigen, a method that has
      already proved feasible for producing vaccine against foot and mouth disease.
      These new techniques may lead to a further reduction of production costs and will
      improve the safety of the vaccine.

PMID- 6429815
TI  - Cost effectiveness of alternative strategies for poliomyelitis immunization in
      Brazil.
AB  - Costs for immunization programs are reported for 16 municipalities in Brazil
      (January to June 1982). Costs per immunization are higher for all immunizations
      when given by routinely available, on-demand services. Both intensification of
      services, in which the medical staff provides outreach immunization clinics, and
      mass campaign strategies have lower average costs than do the routine services.
      In the case of immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine, average costs fall from
      approximately +1.59 to +0.68 (U.S.) when routine and mass campaign strategies are
      compared. Choice of the most cost-effective immunization policy is shown to
      involve considerations of vaccine types and target groups as well as delivery
      strategies and thus involves linking the economic data to epidemiologic
      considerations (vaccine efficacy and morbidity and mortality levels with and
      without immunization). Multiple-vaccine programs are likely to have a greater
      impact per dollar spent than are single-vaccine programs because of the low
      incremental costs of providing additional vaccinations.

PMID- 6429816
TI  - Consequences of the introduction of the new inactivated poliovirus vaccine into
      the Expanded Programme on Immunization.
AB  - Use of the oral poliovirus vaccine in the Expanded Programme on Immunization
      (EPI) demands that the children vaccinated be seen four times during the first 10
      months of life. In practice, this necessity presents considerable difficulties,
      which are expressed in particular by the high drop-out rate. Introduction of the
      new inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into the vaccination program enables
      children to be effectively protected against the six diseases of the EPI in only
      two visits. Vaccination coverage is thus very significantly increased. At the
      same time, by reducing the number of visits, both the running costs and the
      investment costs can be decreased. However, the cost of the vaccines is going to
      rise noticeably because the production of the new IPV will remain a great deal
      more costly than the production of the live vaccine. An outline is provided of
      the likely price of the new concentrated and purified IPV. The efficacy/cost
      ratio, measured by the cost of completely vaccinating a child, will,
      nevertheless, be considerably improved. The new IPV therefore increases the
      feasibility of the EPI under most satisfactory economic conditions.

PMID- 6429817
TI  - [Hyperlipoprotein phenotypes as risk factors in ischemic cardiopathy. II.
      Clinical aspects].

PMID- 6429818
TI  - [Osteopetrosis associated with epidermolysis bullosa. Determination of HLA].

PMID- 6429819
TI  - [Congenital hepatic fibrosis associated with common bile duct cyst].

PMID- 6429820
TI  - [The Waardemburg syndrome. Considerations on 2 familial cases].

PMID- 6429821
TI  - [A new digestive disease in children: sarcosporidiosis].

PMID- 6429822
TI  - [Parents, physicians, people ...].

PMID- 6429823
TI  - [Acute poisoning in children. II].

PMID- 6429824
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in skin: a review.

PMID- 6429825
TI  - [Effect of amphotericin B on erythrocyte viability. Perspectives on its use in
      the prevention of Chagas' disease induced by blood transfusion].

PMID- 6429826
TI  - [Home parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6429827
TI  - [Socio-economic study of patients with megaesophagus: survey on 104 patients].

PMID- 6429828
TI  - [Vitamin C requirements in parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6429829
TI  - [Post-transfusion hepatitis: the point of view of the infectious disease
      specialist].

PMID- 6429830
TI  - [Currently available means for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis and
      criteria for their application].

PMID- 6429831
TI  - [Nitrogen balance in the surgical patient subjected to artificial nutrition: our
      system].

PMID- 6429832
TI  - [Polyneuritis and protein-calorie malnutrition. Description of 2 clinical cases].

PMID- 6429833
TI  - [Neurologic complications of parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6429834
TI  - [Ocular herpes].

PMID- 6429835
TI  - [Bacterial polysaccharide vaccines: Meningococcus, Pneumococcus, Haemophilus
      influenzae].

PMID- 6429836
TI  - The regulatory role of endogenous opiate peptides in the endocrine system.

PMID- 6429837
TI  - Endoscopic manometry of the sphincter of Oddi in patients with and without
      juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula.
AB  - The motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) has been evaluated, by
      endoscopic manometry, in 48 subjects, 8 with and 40 without duodenal
      juxtapapillary diverticula. All values were expressed in mm Hg, taking duodenal
      pressure as zero reference. In subjects with diverticula the SO basal pressure
      was 14.1 +/- 4.3 mm Hg, peak pressure was 52.3 +/- 17.2 mm Hg, and wave height
      was 39.75 +/- 14.19 mm Hg; in subjects without diverticula these values were 31.2
      +/- 8.9 mm Hg, 93.2 +/- 21.3 mm Hg, and 68.17 +/- 25.86, respectively. The
      difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001 for basal and peak
      pressure; P less than 0.002 for wave height). Wave frequency was not
      significantly different in controls (4.99 +/- 1.17/min) and in subjects with
      diverticula (4.98 +/- 1.13/min). These findings seem to indicate that in patients
      with diverticula the SO is insufficient or dysfunctioning . The insufficiency of
      the SO and a reflux of bacteria from the duodenum into the bile duct could play a
      major role in the formation of stones in patients with diverticula. The same
      mechanism could be responsible for duodenopancreatic reflux and possible
      pancreatic lesion.

PMID- 6429838
TI  - Dopaminergic and adrenergic influence on gastric acid and pepsin secretion
      stimulated by food. The role of vagal innervation.
AB  - Dopaminergic and adrenergic mechanisms were studied in a dog model which made
      possible physiological stimulation by food and comparison of vagally innervated
      and denervated acid and pepsin response at the same time. Five dogs were equipped
      with two pouches separated from the stomach, and stimulation was done by a
      standard meal - a mixture of liver, heart and bonemeal , 10 g/kg. The meal was
      combined with different doses of dopamine 0.1 - 2.0 - 20.0 - 40.0
      micrograms/kg/min and with single doses of phentolamine, propranolol and
      sulpiride separately and combined with dopamine. Acid and pepsin secretion were
      inhibited in dose-response manner by dopamine in innervated mucosa, but all other
      effects of the compounds were different in parietal cells and chief cells and in
      vagally innervated and denervated mucosa.

PMID- 6429839
TI  - The effect of chemical and surgical sympathectomy on gastric secretion and
      innervation.
AB  - The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effects of chemical and surgical
      sympathectomy on gastric acid secretion (GAS) and mucosal innervation in the dog.
      Chemical sympathectomy was achieved with 6-OHDA and surgical sympathectomy was
      performed by excising the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia. Gastric
      biopsies for fluorescence microscopy were taken before and after sympathectomy,
      as was pentagastrin (PPG) stimulated GAS. Each sympathectomy increased GAS in
      response to submaximal doses of PPG while simultaneously destroying adrenergic
      nerve terminals in the gastric mucosa. 6-OHDA caused a complete degeneration of
      nerve terminals at one week, but regeneration was complete by 9 weeks. The data
      support the concept that the sympathetic innervation of the stomach is an
      inhibitor of GAS.

PMID- 6429840
TI  - The effect of chemical sympathectomy on insulin-stimulated gastric secretion in
      dogs.
AB  - Administration of 6 hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) causes selective acute degeneration
      of the adrenergic nerve terminals, that is a reversible chemical sympathectomy.
      The effect of this drug was studied on the insulin stimulated gastric secretion.
      Insulin stimulated (0.15-0.4 IU/kg) gastric acid and pepsin output and serum
      gastrin was measured before and after 6 OHDA treatment (40 mg/kg) in gastric
      fistula dogs. Chemical sympathectomy resulted in a highly significant increase in
      acid and pepsin secretion. However, the hypoglycemic gastrin release was
      unaltered except the peak response, which showed a significant reduction. These
      data confirm earlier observations, that the sympathetic innervation of the
      stomach has an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion in the dog. Furthermore it
      seems that the adrenergic fibres in the vagus nerve might have some moduling
      effect on the insulin induced gastrin release.

PMID- 6429841
TI  - Infections as a problem in the intensive care unit.
AB  - Problems of infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) center on patients
      admitted because of sepsis, patients with compromised host defenses and patients
      subject to invasive procedures. The mortality rate in septic shock is high, 47%
      in our own study. Escherichia coli was found in half the cases. Multiple organ
      failure is often the common denominator in patients with sepsis. Hypovolaemia and
      low serum proteins make the patients more susceptible to infections. Typical ICU
      procedure, i.e. central venous catheters, arterial lines, Swan-Ganz catheters,
      endotracheal tubes and urinary catheters violate natural bacterial defence
      barriers and may be a source of infection. Use of corticosteroids and cimetidine
      may impair defence mechanisms. The use and abuse of antibiotics is vital to the
      successful control and treatment of infections in the ICU. Infection has been
      quoted as the most important single factor which determines the outcome of the
      intensive care patient.

PMID- 6429842
TI  - Stimulation by BW755C and inhibition by cysteamine of duodenal epithelial
      alkaline secretion suggest a role of endogenous prostaglandin in mucosal
      protection.
AB  - Alkaline secretion by 12 mm segments of duodenum just distal to the Brunner's
      glands area was titrated in situ in anesthetized rats. Intravenous injection of
      the lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C (10-20 mg/kg) increased the surface epithelial
      HCO3- secretion and pretreatment with indomethacin prevented this effect. This
      supports the view that endogenous production of prostaglandins is important in
      control of duodenal epithelial HCO3- secretion and ulceroprotection .
      Pretreatment with cysteamine (100 mg/kg) inhibited the ability of the duodenal
      surface epithelium to respond to luminal acid with a compensatory rise in
      alkaline secretion. Measurement of pH at the mucosal surface with microelectrodes
      revealed that acidification of this surface occurred simultaneously with the
      decline in alkaline secretion.

PMID- 6429843
TI  - Bile salt-induced, acute gastric mucosal damage in man: time course and effect of
      misoprostol, a PGE1-analogue.
AB  - A model is presented that allows the assessment of acute mucosal damage in man.
      Damage is revealed by changes of gastric mucosal potential difference (PD), urea
      net fluxes and DNA shedding. Sodium taurocholate (TC) damages the mucosa in a
      dose-dependent fashion: 1 mM TC leads to a transient drop of PD with a subsequent
      rise of DNA-, but not of urea net fluxes. With 5 mM TC, the drop of PD drop lasts
      for more than 15 min, urea net fluxes are increased, and the rise in DNA is more
      pronounced. We examined in this model, whether misoprostol (SC 29333), a
      prostaglandin E1 derivative, could prevent the TC-induced damage. Misoprostol in
      an antisecretory dose lead to an overall increase of PD even in presence of TC,
      but did neither prevent the TC-induced drop of PD, nor the changes in urea and
      DNA net fluxes. Similar results were obtained, when a non-antisecretory
      ('cytoprotective') dose of misoprostol was given prior to TC. Misoprostol has
      gastrin antisecretory properties, but no cytoprotective effects against acute,
      taurocholate-induced mucosal damage in man.

PMID- 6429844
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in alkaline secretion from the gastroduodenal mucosa
      exposed to acid and taurocholate.
AB  - Gastroduodenal mucosa produces alkaline secretion (AS) that is several times
      greater in the duodenum, particularly in its proximal part, than in the fundic or
      antral portions of the stomach. Exogenous prostaglandins (PGs) of E and F but not
      of I series are capable of augmenting AS. Similar stimulatory effects on AS were
      observed after topical administration of arachidonic acid and HCl solution.
      Endogenous PGs appear to mediate this AS as their release from the mucosa is
      increased upon exposure to arachidonic acid and the pretreatment with
      indomethacin reduced the alkaline response to arachidonic acid and HCl.
      Taurocholate-induced alkaline response is probably due to increased mucosal
      permeation for HCO3 as it was accompanied by a decrease in PD value and
      indomethacin failed to affect this response.

PMID- 6429845
TI  - Current concepts of gastroduodenal mucosal protection.
AB  - Mucosal protection against luminal acid and pepsin and recovery from acute damage
      in the upper gastrointestinal tract depends upon a number of interrelated
      mechanisms. The thin adherent mucus gel layer protects against shear and luminal
      pepsin and provides a mixing barrier for surface neutralization of H+ by HCO3-
      secreted from the underlying epithelia. Gastric HCO3- transport amounts to 2-10%
      of maximum H+ rate and involves a Cl- exchange mechanism. The rate of duodenal
      HCO3- transport is some 5-fold greater and both Cl- exchange and transcellular
      secretion of HCO3- occur. Blood flow ensures adequate oxygenation, provides a
      pool of HCO3- and maintains mucosal acid-base balance. Gastroduodenal mucosa has
      a high proliferative rate and in the stomach, the process of continual cell
      replacement is augmented by restitution of epithelial integrity following acute
      damage.

PMID- 6429846
TI  - The dialysis catheter and infectious peritonitis in intermittent peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - 118 episodes of infectious peritonitis registered among 156 patients treated with
      intermittent peritoneal dialysis over a 5-yr period were analysed with special
      reference to potential routes of infection associated with the dialysis catheter.
      Peritonitis was randomly distributed among the patients, and the change of
      keeping free of peritonitis declined exponentially with time. The main factor
      determining the individual number of episodes was the total space of time, in
      which a patient had been wearing a dialysis catheter, whereas the number of
      catheter disconnections played no significant role. A relative preponderance of
      cases due to Enterobacteriaceae was noted within the first week after catheter
      implantation. In contrast with this, peritonitis with skin microorganisms was not
      associated with the implantation of catheters.

PMID- 6429847
TI  - A long-term follow up study of amoebiasis treated with metronidazole.
AB  - Metronidazole, in a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses for 10 days
      was used to treat 194 patients infected with Entamoeba histolytica. When 166
      subjects were checked 1 month after treatment, with 3 stool samples taken on
      different days, 20 failures were found giving a parasitic cure rate of 88%. A
      lower-than-expected failure rate was noted in children, immigrants and
      asymptomatic subjects. No more failures were found in 78 patients who went
      through an extended follow-up, with examinations after 4 and 10-12 months.

PMID- 6429848
TI  - The history of burns treatment in Sweden.
AB  - The history of burns treatment in Sweden shows that not until an organized Burns
      Unit was established in 1954 was there any real progress in this field. From that
      date and onward the treatment of burns has continuously been improved based on
      results from experimental and clinical research. It is interesting to note that
      most of the burn research during this period has slowly changed from description
      of different organ failures towards studies of functional disturbances on cell
      level. The resuscitation following thermal injury is nowadays usually under
      control. The greatest problems arise later, caused by hypermetabolism,
      malnutrition and burn wound sepsis. The combined treatment with aggressive
      surgery, hyperalimentation, environmental control, avoidance of multiple organ
      failure etc., mainly based on results from the last 20 years of burn research,
      has significantly increased the survival rate of severe thermal injuries.

PMID- 6429849
TI  - [Cost benefit analysis of ulcer therapy].
AB  - Duodenal ulcer (DU) disease, one of the "common diseases" of economic importance,
      is widespread among the population. Epidemiological data indicate that in Germany
      (FRG) 400,000 patients underwent treatment in 1980. Some 625,000 ulcer attacks
      can be estimated for the total population, and 56,900 patients had to be
      hospitalized because of the disease. The overall effect of DU on the national
      economy was close to DM 1 billion (943.5 million). The average loss of working
      time cost DM 514 million (54.5%), and medical costs amounted to DM 429.5 million
      (45.5% for hospitalization and ambulatory care). Cimetidine, the H2-blocking
      agent, introduced in the FRG in 1977 as an antiulcer drug, has resulted in an
      economic gain of over DM 200 million to the national economy. If one deducts DM
      43.1 million for additional expenditures caused by DU treatment with cimetidine,
      the net benefit of the drug in Germany in 1980 was DM 170.5 million, which
      corresponds to a cost-benefit ratio of 4:1. In addition, intangible medical and
      social benefits have been generated which cannot be expressed in monetary terms,
      e.g. a gain in 40-50 pain-free weeks per 100 patients treated with cimetidine.

PMID- 6429850
TI  - [Comparative study of a new commercially produced combination solution (fat,
      carbohydrates, aminoacids) for complete parenteral feeding of surgery patients in
      intensive care].
AB  - In 10 randomly selected surgical ICU patients, a new regimen of total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) using a so-called all-in-one (AIO) solution was tested
      prospectively. Another 10 patients receiving conventional TPN served as a control
      group. For a minimum of 7 days the patients were given either an AIO solution
      containing 40 g crystalline L-aminoacids, 38 g fat, 75 g sorbitol and 45 g
      xylitol in 1000 ml or a conventional TPN with glucose and aminoacids. The
      regimens were identical regarding caloric intake and Joule/N ratio. Amounts of
      infused solutions were adjusted according to patient's weight. Both regimens were
      well tolerated and side effects requiring interruption of the protocol did not
      occur. A set of 36 laboratory parameters underwent detailed statistical analysis.
      Efficiency of both regimens in improving nutritional status was documented.
      Comparing the two groups, we found only two important differences: glucose levels
      in the AIO group were lower than in the control group, and the bilirubin increase
      observed in both groups (probably a sign of cholestasis) was higher in AIO
      patients. Immediate postoperative or posttraumatic nutrition with an AIO solution
      was safe and simple to administer. Because glucose metabolism is only minimally
      overstrained, AIO compares favorably with conventional TPN and is a promising
      alternative when stress-induced glucose intolerance occurs.

PMID- 6429851
TI  - [Endocardial myxoma. Current aspects of its histopathogenesis].
AB  - Primary tumours of the heart are rare. Among these the myxoma is not only the
      most common but also the most fascinating neoplasm, because some proponents have
      argued in favour of a thrombotic rather than a true neoplastic origin. The most
      compelling arguments against the theory of a thrombotic origin are based on
      ultrastructural characteristics. Using light-microscopy and immunohistochemistry,
      the authors attempt to clarify the histogenesis of this peculiar tumour which
      does not arise from any tissue normally occurring in the heart. It is assumed
      that the stem cell of the cardiac myxoma is a multipotential mesenchymal cell
      able to differentiate into fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and endothelial
      cells. The most striking feature of the myxoma is excessive production of
      gelatinous matrix. This abundance of mucoid ground substance is typically
      observed in embryonic tissue. It is suggested that cardiac myxoma derives from
      multipotential embryonic remnants of the subendocardium.

PMID- 6429852
TI  - [The effect of various cutaneously administered nitroglycerin preparations on
      coronary heart disease].
AB  - Sublingually administered nitroglycerin provides marked benefit in the treatment
      of angina pectoris due to occlusive coronary disease. Because of its brief
      duration of action, its usefulness as a prophylactic agent is limited. One way to
      prolong the beneficial effects is cutaneous administration of a nitroglycerin
      ointment, and the effects and duration of action of three different preparations
      of topical nitroglycerin on exercise performance have therefore been studied in a
      double-blind randomized manner in 44 patients with well documented coronary
      artery disease and stable angina pectoris. 30 mg 2% nitroglycerin
      ointment((Plantorgan Co.) produced significant improvement in maximal exercise
      capacity one and six hours after application; concomitantly there was a decrease
      in the sum of exercise induced ST-segment depression especially one hour, but
      less markedly six hours, later. 10 mg 2% nitroglycerin ointment (Pohl Boskamp
      Co.) also produced an increase in maximal exercise tolerance and a reduction in
      the degree of myocardial ischemia estimated by the magnitude of exercise-induced
      ST-segment depression one hour after application, but no clear effect could be
      measured four hours later. 25 mg nitroglycerin in the "transdermal therapeutic
      system" (Ciba Geigy) produced a significant improvement in maximal exercise
      capacity and a significant decrease in the sum of exercise-induced ST-segment
      depression one and five hours after cutaneous application. Side effects were not
      observed during these studies, and the topical compatibility of the different
      ointments was good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6429853
TI  - Interleukin 2 regulates expression of its receptor and synthesis of gamma
      interferon by human T lymphocytes.
AB  - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) has an important role in the regulation of the expression of
      IL-2 receptors and the synthesis of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by T
      lymphocytes. IL-2 is required for the optimum expression of IL-2 receptors on
      activated T lymphocytes and for maximum synthesis of IFN-gamma in vitro.
      Dexamethasone, an immunosuppressant drug that inhibits IL-2 synthesis, diminished
      the expression of IL-2 receptors and the synthesis of IFN-gamma. Anti-Tac, a
      monoclonal antibody known to prevent the binding of IL-2 to its receptor without
      inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, down-regulated the expression of the receptor and
      partially inhibited synthesis of IFN-gamma. In a population of T lymphocytes
      prevented from synthesizing IL-2 by dexamethasone and incapable of using IL-2 as
      a result of blockage of IL-2 receptors by anti-Tac, the number of receptor
      bearing cells and receptor density were diminished. Anti-Tac in combination with
      dexamethasone also exerted a synergistic effect on IFN-gamma synthesis,
      inhibiting it almost completely. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone IFN-gamma
      synthesis may be of clinical importance, since IFN-gamma activates macrophages
      and thereby triggers one of the defense mechanisms against bacterial infections.

PMID- 6429854
TI  - Intestinal uptake and metabolism of auranofin, a new oral gold-based
      antiarthritis drug.
AB  - Auranofin, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato-S-(triethy
      lphosphine)- gold(I), an experimental antiarthritis pharmaceutical, metabolized
      in contact with hamster or rat gut wall to yield the deacetylated form of the
      drug. This product, 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato-S-(triethylphosphine)gold(I),
      passed through hamster or rat intestinal wall in an everted gut experiment. The
      metabolite was separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and
      characterized by retention time, chemical reactivity to yield a known product,
      and comparison to a synthetic sample of the metabolite.

PMID- 6429855
TI  - A new ribosome structure.
AB  - Ribosomes derived from the sulfur-dependent archaebacteria are structurally
      distinct from those types found in ribosomes from eubacteria, eukaryotes, and
      other archaebacteria. All four ribosome types share a common structural core, but
      each type also has additional independent structural features. In the smaller
      subunit derived from sulfur-dependent archaebacteria ("eocytes"), lobes, similar
      to those found at the base of the eukaryotic small subunits, and an
      archaebacterial bill, similar to those found on the smaller subunit of
      archaebacteria and eukaryotes, are present. On the larger subunit from sulfur
      dependent archaebacteria, an eocytic lobe, eocytic gap, and eocytic bulge are
      present. These features, with the exception of the eocytic gap, are found in a
      slightly modified form on eukaryotic large subunits. These novel ribosomal
      properties are in general consistent with other molecular biological properties
      peculiar to these organisms.

PMID- 6429856
TI  - Inhibition of cholesterol crystal formation by apolipoproteins in supersaturated
      model bile.
AB  - Apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 were purified from human plasma. At concentrations
      present in human bile these proteins prolonged the nucleation time of cholesterol
      monohydrate crystals when added to model systems of supersaturated bile. In
      contrast, apolipoprotein C-3 and other serum proteins did not have this effect.
      Also, when human gallbladder bile was fractionated by gel filtration
      chromatography, apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 were among the proteins present in a
      fraction of bile enriched in potent inhibitors of cholesterol crystal nucleation.
      These findings suggest that apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 in supersaturated human
      gallbladder bile could inhibit the rate of formation of solid cholesterol
      crystals and thus help to prevent spontaneous cholesterol gallstone formation in
      humans.

PMID- 6429857
TI  - Human malarial gene cloned.

PMID- 6429859
TI  - The development of a patient classification system for nursing care in response
      to DRGs.

PMID- 6429858
TI  - Structure and function of protein C.

PMID- 6429860
TI  - Cerebral oxygenation of the fetus, newborn, and adult.

PMID- 6429861
TI  - A comparative analysis of Australian health policy in the 1970s.
AB  - In the decade of the 1970s there were some significant changes to the Australian
      health system while the health systems of most other countries remained stable.
      By comparing the Australian health system with that of a number of other
      countries in the 1970s, the paper examines both the causes and consequences of
      these changes. The substance of the various Australian health system initiatives
      was a change from a voluntary to a mandatory health insurance system and then,
      after a short period of 'catastrophic' health insurance, a return to a voluntary
      system. Most of these changes appeared to be motivated by political and
      ideological preferences rather than by a rational assessment of their likely
      efficiency or effectiveness. In any event, and despite claims to the contrary,
      these changes were minor when viewed in the broad context of international
      systems of health care. The conclusions of the analysis, while tentative, suggest
      that the health system changes had little, if any, direct impact on health costs,
      service use and indicators of health outcomes.

PMID- 6429862
TI  - [Broca 1984 or the humanization of medium and long-term geriatric care].

PMID- 6429863
TI  - The ghost of Christmas future.

PMID- 6429864
TI  - Indolent meningococcal meningitis: a cautionary tale.
AB  - Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency that is ordinarily rapidly
      progressive. We present three patients who had meningococcal meningitis with an
      indolent course. Symptoms were present from two days to four weeks before
      hospitalization. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures grew Neisseria meningitidis one to
      eight days before antibiotic therapy, yet all patients remained fully alert and
      clinically stable during this interval. All recovered after penicillin therapy.
      In the future earlier diagnosis should be facilitated by an awareness of
      differing manifestations of meningococcal meningitis, including benign CSF
      findings, intact sensorium, and an indolent progression. Immunologic studies will
      be required to clarify the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

PMID- 6429865
TI  - Cope needle biopsy.
AB  - I reviewed the results of 143 Cope needle biopsies in 121 patients. Diagnostic
      biopsies were obtained in 26 patients. Two patients with rheumatoid pleuritis had
      suggestive pleural fluid. Seventeen of the 19 patients with malignancy had
      diagnostic pleural fluid cytology. Seven additional patients with nondiagnostic
      biopsies had diagnostic pleural fluid cytology. In four of five patients with
      tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis grew from cultures of pleural fluid. One
      additional patient with a nondiagnostic biopsy also had a pleural fluid culture
      that grew M tuberculosis. Pleural biopsy was the sole means of diagnosis in only
      two patients. Diagnostic yield was not increased in the 21 patients who had
      multiple biopsies. In the diagnosis of malignancy, pleural fluid cytology was
      superior to pleural biopsy. In the diagnosis of tuberculosis, pleural fluid
      culture was as good as pleural biopsy. Cope needle biopsy should be done only
      when a strong suspicion of pleural malignancy or tuberculosis exists.

PMID- 6429866
TI  - Bacillus cereus meningitis and bacteremia associated with an Ommaya reservoir in
      a patient with lymphoma.
AB  - After placement of an Ommaya reservoir, meningitis and bacteremia due to Bacillus
      cereus occurred in a patient with stage IV lymphoblastic lymphoma and meningeal
      involvement. Bacillus species have been implicated as meningeal pathogens after
      lumbar punctures. These organisms have become an important cause of severe
      infection, especially in immunologically compromised patients.

PMID- 6429867
TI  - [Correction of water-electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in patients with chronic
      renal failure by gastrointestinal dialysis].

PMID- 6429868
TI  - Pathophysiology of mid-oesophageal and epiphrenic diverticula of the oesophagus.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with mid-oesophageal and epiphrenic diverticula were studied
      radiologically and manometrically. All patients had a motility disorder and
      gastro-oesophageal reflux was the usual precipitating factor. Most patients can
      be treated conservatively. In patients who do not respond to medical treatment
      surgery is necessary. The importance of surgical correction of the physiological
      abnormality should complement diverticulectomy.

PMID- 6429869
TI  - Prevention of septic complications in massive pelvic-perineal injuries. Case
      reports.
AB  - If they do not immediately lead to death, severe injuries of the pelvis and
      perineum are frequently complicated by serious invasive infection. This results
      in a considerable number of late deaths. Adherence to a strict treatment protocol
      aimed at the prevention of septic complications has undoubtedly reduced the
      mortality rate related to these injuries. The different aspects of our treatment
      protocol are outlined, and comprise: (i) antibiotic prophylaxis; (ii) assessment
      under general anaesthesia; (iii) radical surgical debridement; (iv) diversion of
      the faecal stream; (v) conservative management of urethral injuries; and
      (vi)frequent revision of the wounds at 24 - 48-hour intervals. Eight consecutive
      patients in whom septic complications were successfully prevented are reported
      on.

PMID- 6429870
TI  - [Inhibitory effects of EHDP on the formation of dental calculus].

PMID- 6429871
TI  - A three year experience with needle catheter jejunostomy in a community hospital.
AB  - Sixty-one needle catheter jejunostomy procedures have been performed in a
      community hospital setting with no morbidity. The procedure has been used as an
      adjunct to a variety of surgical procedures. Upon review of patients receiving a
      needle catheter jejunostomy, we believe that there should be a wider application
      of this technique especially in the area of trauma and malignant disease.

PMID- 6429873
TI  - The impact of DRG's on surgical practice.

PMID- 6429872
TI  - The effect of short term postoperative intravenous feeding upon cell-mediated
      immunity and serum suppressive activity in well nourished patients.
AB  - Thirty-four patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy were
      studied, and they were randomly allocated to a "fed group receiving amino acid
      dextrose solutions intravenously and fat emulsions or an "unfed" group receiving
      standard postoperative care. Cell-mediated immunity was measured by lymphocyte
      count, the in vitro response to the T-cell mitogen PHA and determination of T
      cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies. Serum suppressive activity was measured
      by the ability of the sera of the patient to suppress the response of normal
      lymphocytes to PHA. Feeding was continued for three to five days postoperatively
      until satisfactory oral intake was achieved. There was no significant improvement
      in lymphocyte count or blastogenesis postoperatively in the "fed" group, and
      operation did not lead to any alteration in the ratio of T-cell subsets, although
      there was a fall in T-cell count (OKT3 positive cells). We conclude that short
      term parenteral nutrition in well nourished patients, postoperatively, does not
      abrogate the depression of cell-mediated immunity which occurs after extensive
      operative procedures.

PMID- 6429874
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation and a ruptured giant aneurysm cured by emergency
      operation in a child.
AB  - An arteriovenous malformation with a giant aneurysm and an intracerebral
      hemorrhage in a 3-year-old girl is reported. The malformation, the ruptured giant
      aneurysm, and the hematoma were totally and successfully removed during an
      emergency operation with temporary occlusion of the feeding artery and
      administration of 20% mannitol to prolong the permissive occlusion time of the
      cerebral arteries.

PMID- 6429875
TI  - A prospective, randomized study of adjuvant parenteral nutrition in the treatment
      of sarcomas: results of metabolic and survival studies.
AB  - A prospective, randomized study was performed to evaluate the use of total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) in a group of young patients receiving aggressive
      chemotherapy for metastatic or locally recurrent sarcomas. Fourteen patients were
      randomly selected to receive TPN and 18 to receive conventional oral nutritional
      support (CN). During the study period (from first dose of chemotherapy to
      recovery from myelosuppression), the TPN patients received between 1020 and 2100
      calories/m2/day (median 1650) and between 5.3 and 12.4 gmN/m2/day (median 8.9),
      while the CN patients received between 380 and 880 calories/m2/day (median 685)
      and between 0.0 and 3.7 gmN/m2/day (median 1.5). The mean daily nitrogen balance
      during the study period for the TPN group (-3.0 to + 1.3 gmN/m2/day, median -0.7)
      was significantly higher (p = 0.005) than that of the CN group (-6.2 to -0.7
      gmN/m2/day, median -2.6). Serum protein levels (albumin, total protein, and
      transferrin) did not differ between the two treatment groups. The proportion of
      patients responding to therapy and the long-term survival rates were similar in
      the treatment groups. Thus despite established improvement in nitrogen balance,
      no survival or therapeutic advantage was demonstrated for the adjuvant parenteral
      nutrition group. Further studies of the role of parenteral nutrition as an
      adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy are needed to determine which populations of
      patients will benefit from its use.

PMID- 6429877
TI  - Therapeutic and diagnostic uses of EDTA salts.

PMID- 6429876
TI  - Norethisterone acetate and ethinylestradiol in early human pregnancy.
AB  - In a double-blind randomized trial, 25 women (8-9 weeks pregnant) received 20 mg
      norethisterone acetate (NET-AC) and 0.04 mg ethinylestradiol (EE2), 25 women
      receiving placebo. The patients were followed by ultrasound and the products at
      curettage studied macroscopically and microscopically. In an open trial, ten
      patients (5-9 weeks pregnant) received NET-AC + EE2, 11 serving as controls. The
      concentrations of plasma progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, norethisterone, and FSH were followed. The frequency of
      intrauterine hemorrhage in early pregnancy was not affected by NET-AC + EE2.
      Ultrasound was not reliable when studying the occurrence of decidual hemorrhages
      during early pregnancy. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of NET remain
      unchanged during early pregnancy. The treatment with NET-AC + EE2 had no effect
      on the heights and the time courses of the mean plasma values of progesterone,
      estradiol-17 beta, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and FSH. No differences were
      found between treated and nontreated patients in the pathology of the placenta or
      decidua as determined by both macroscopic and microscopic examinations. The
      hypothesis of Papp and Gardo, that decidual hemorrhages may be induced in early
      pregnancy as a consequence of a "withdrawal effect" of hormonal pregnancy tests,
      is not supported by the results of this investigation.

PMID- 6429878
TI  - Effect of antihistamines and antiallergic drugs on responses to allergen and
      histamine provocation tests in asthma.
AB  - The inhibition of immediate allergen or histamine induced airflow obstruction by
      inhaled ketotifen, clemastine, sodium cromoglycate, and placebo was studied in
      two groups of asthmatic subjects. Single doses of ketotifen (0.5 mg), clemastine
      (0.5 mg), sodium cromoglycate (20 mg), or placebo were administered by inhalation
      45 minutes before bronchial provocation testing at weekly intervals, double blind
      and in random order. Inhalation of ketotifen and clemastine, but not sodium
      cromoglycate, caused an increase in the amount of histamine which had to be
      administered to cause a 20% fall in FEV1 from control levels (PD20-FEV1) compared
      with placebo. The PD20-FEV1 for allergen increased significantly after inhalation
      of clemastine and sodium cromoglycate. Clemastine, primarily an H1 receptor
      antagonist, inhibited airflow obstruction after inhalation of both histamine and
      allergen. Its inhibitory effect on allergen induced asthma did not differ
      significantly from that of sodium cromoglycate. Ketotifen, when inhaled in a
      single dose of 0.5 mg before bronchial provocation testing, showed potent
      antihistamine activity, but there was no evidence of any additional
      "antianaphylactic" activity.

PMID- 6429879
TI  - Mycobacterial isolations in young adults with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - In 223 patients admitted to hospital with cystic fibrosis mycobacteria were found
      in the sputa of seven. All of these cases were identified over a six year period
      after the introduction of routine examination and culture of sputum for acid fast
      bacilli in patients with cystic fibrosis. The organisms isolated were
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three patients, M chelonei in one, M fortuitum in
      one, and unidentified mycobacteria in two. The diagnosis was not suspected on
      clinical grounds in any of the cases; in one patient, however, night sweats were
      a prominent feature before diagnosis. In four of the patients direct sputum smear
      examination did not reveal the organism, which was grown subsequently in culture.
      An unusual phenomenon of liquefaction of the Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium was
      encountered in five of the seven patients described, which in one case made
      identification and sensitivity testing of the organism impossible. This
      phenomenon has been observed in sputum cultures from other patients with cystic
      fibrosis but not in other pulmonary diseases. Immunological studies performed in
      three of the patients showed normal numbers of peripheral blood T and B
      lymphocyte in all three; in vitro lymphocyte transformation to tuberculin PPD
      was, however, reduced in the patient with extensive M fortuitum infection, which
      proved fatal. Mycobacteria may be present in the sputa of patients with cystic
      fibrosis more often than previously recognised and therefore sputum examination
      and culture for mycobacteria should be performed periodically in these patients.

PMID- 6429880
TI  - Effects of tris on responses of human and rabbit platelets to aggregating agents.
AB  - Despite reports that Tris [tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] affects platelets,
      it is often used to buffer suspending media. Human or rabbit platelets were
      washed and resuspended in Tyrode solution containing apyrase and 0.35% albumin.
      Addition of 15 mM Tris partially inhibited primary aggregation induced by 10
      microM ADP and inhibited aggregation and release of 14C-serotonin from
      prelabelled platelets stimulated with low concentrations of thrombin (0.05-0.2
      U/mL), or collagen. Platelets resuspended in 15 mM Tris, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.35%
      albumin, pH 7.5, did not aggregate in response to 10 microM ADP whereas platelets
      in Tyrode-albumin aggregated extensively. Ca2+ (5 mM) did not overcome the
      inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation. Tris (15 or 1.5 mM) potentiated
      aggregation and release induced by sodium arachidonate (20-50 microM) or the
      ionophore A23187 (0.6-1 microM). Pretreatment of platelets with aspirin did not
      prevent potentiation by A23187, indicating that it is not mediated through
      activation of the arachidonate pathway. The inhibitory and potentiating effects
      of Tris are similar to those of amino sugars, lysine, arginine and primary amines
      such as methylamine and cadaverine, and may represent general effects of amines
      on platelets. Potentiation of the effects of some aggregating agents and
      inhibition of others re-emphasizes the concept that there are several different
      mechanisms through which aggregation can occur. Tris-based buffers are unsuitable
      for platelet suspending media and their use as solvents for aggregating agents or
      inhibitors should be limited.

PMID- 6429881
TI  - A quick method for screening platelet dysfunctions using the whole blood lumi
      aggregometer.
AB  - Patients who present with a clinical history suggesting a bleeding disorder are
      often tested initially for a clotting defect rather than for platelet
      dysfunction, due to the length of time necessary to complete a platelet function
      study in platelet-rich plasma. We have developed a sensitive method for measuring
      platelet aggregation and release of ATP employing the Whole Blood Lumi 
      Aggregometer. This method makes it possible to quickly detect patients who
      require further study for possible platelet function disorders such as
      cyclooxygenase deficiency, storage-pool defect, thrombasthenia, and von
      Willebrand's disease. The results obtained with this electrical impedance
      instrument do not differ from those obtained with the conventional optical
      method. However, it is now possible to recognize a platelet function defect
      within 30 min of obtaining a 5 ml sample of citrated whole blood. Further,
      platelets of unusual size or density are not lost to testing through
      centrifugation.

PMID- 6429882
TI  - Further characterization of human platelet activation in the absence of
      aggregation: phosphorylations of specific proteins and relationship with platelet
      secretion.
AB  - Platelet aggregation and secretion have been described to be associated with
      phosphorylation reactions. Thrombasthenic and EDTA-treated control platelets
      undergo a normal serotonin release in the absence of aggregation. We now studied
      the phosphorylation of specific proteins associated with platelet secretion. In
      the presence of ionophore, significant increases occurred in the phosphorylation
      of two polypeptides of 43,000 and 20,000 molecular weight ( P43 and P20) in a
      concentration dependent manner, and this was accompanied by an increase in the
      14C-5HT release. The 32P-labelling of P43 and P20 reaches a peak within 1 min of
      platelet activation and is followed by a rapid dephosphorylation over the next 2
      10 min. While the P20 is identified as the myosin light chain, the identity and
      the function of the P43 remain unknown. Isoelectric focusing separates 4 proteins
      from P43 during two dimensional electrophoresis, but only one of them is
      phosphorylated by A 23187. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibit
      the P43 and P20 phosphorylation as well as the 14C-5HT release in a dose
      dependent manner. The inhibitory action of the drugs is more pronounced for P43
      than for P20, especially when the reactions are carried out at 20 degrees C
      instead of at 37 degrees C, while the release reaction is still inhibited under
      these conditions. These results allow different hypotheses for the relationship
      of phosphorylation-secretion and indicate the importance of one of these proteins
      ( P43 ) for the release reaction.

PMID- 6429883
TI  - Immunological alterations in haemophiliacs treated with lyophilized Factor VIII
      cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors.
AB  - We studied immune function in Belgian haemophiliacs treated with Factor VIII from
      volunteer donors. No patient had clinical evidence of immune deficiency. We found
      a decrease in T-helper cells (p less than 0.0005), in the ratio of T-helper over
      T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells (1.72 +/- 0.47 versus 2.24 +/- 0.82 in controls, p
      less than 0.005) and in lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens (p less than 0.05).
      These findings could not be linked to the amount of F VIII received over the last
      year, the time since last F VIII administration, circulating immune complexes
      (54% positive patients, 7% positive controls, p less than 0.005), increased ALT
      levels, antibodies to cytomegalo -virus (85% of the patients, 45% of the
      controls, p less than 0.005), antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, nor to the
      presence of HLA-DR 5 which was found in 56% of the haemophiliacs (20% of the
      overall Belgian population, p less than 0.005). Either F VIII induces long
      lasting immunological alterations unrelated to AIDS, or haemophilia is itself
      associated with such changes.

PMID- 6429884
TI  - The importance of corticoids added to continued treatment with Factor VIII
      concentrates in the suppression of inhibitors in haemophilia A.
AB  - A protocol is presented to suppress inhibitors in haemophilia A using continued
      treatment with f. VIII (50 U/kg b.w./day) and fluprednisolone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.,
      for 21 days) until reaching correct in vivo recovery after therapeutic
      administration. 5 high responder patients were treated whose inhibitors were
      detected at least 2 years before beginning the treatment. The inhibitors were
      eradicated in 4 patients using continued treatment for between 4 and 24 months.
      Patient 1 was treated exclusively with factor and the others also with corticoids
      when the level was 0 B.U. (or 20 B.U., patient 4). The patients began tri-weekly
      prophylactic treatment and rehabilitation exercises after recovery test
      normalization. After progressive reduction of the prophylactic treatment they
      started on demand treatment. After more than 5 months of this treatment no
      anamnestic response has been detected in any patient, in spite of several factor
      VIII administrations.

PMID- 6429885
TI  - Evidence that von Willebrand factor is not required for the clotting of plasma in
      the presence of platelets and kaolin (Hardisty-Hutton test).
AB  - Antihemophilic factor (AHF) essentially free of von Willebrand factor (vWF) was
      used to determine whether vWF affected the coagulant activity of AHF in a kaolin
      activated system using platelet-rich plasma. The AHF was prepared by sequential
      chromatography on solid-phase polyelectrolyte (PE E-5), and on Sepharose CL-4B in
      the presence of a high concentration of CaCl2. Residual traces of vWF antigen
      were removed by affinity chromatography with immobilized anti-vWF IgG. The
      essentially vWF-free AHF corrected the clotting defect of plasma from three
      patients with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWD) as measured by the kaolin
      activated clotting time in the presence of normal or vWD platelets ( Hardisty -
      Hutton test). Addition of hemophilic plasma as a source of vWF did not cause
      additional improvement, nor did a potent antibody to vWF raised in rabbits
      inhibit the ability of AHF to shorten the clotting time of vWD plasma. Thus we
      found no evidence that vWF is necessary for AHF to function in the coagulation of
      recalcified kaolin-activated vWF-deficient platelet-rich plasma.

PMID- 6429886
TI  - A study of a Caucasian family with variant von Willebrand's disease in
      association with vascular telangiectasia and haemoglobinopathy.
AB  - A family was identified which carries multi-haematological disorders including
      Type IIA von Willebrand's disease, vascular telangiectasia, and a
      haemoglobinopathy (haemoglobin S trait). In the affected individuals, the von
      Willebrand's disease varies in its expression from an asymptomatic form to a
      severe form especially in those patients with telangiectasia. Some patients have
      vascular telangiectasia in the mucous membranes of the mouth and lips. In two
      patients endoscopy disclosed telangiectasia in the mucous membranes of the
      gastrointestinal tract. All of the patients who had telangiectasia also had von
      Willebrand's disease. An incidental finding was the presence of an abnormal
      haemoglobin (haemoglobin S) in some family members. The pattern of inheritance of
      the haemoglobinopathy was unrelated to the inheritance pattern of von
      Willebrand's disease. The presence of haemoglobin S did not interfere with the
      aggregation of platelets in response to ristocetin.

PMID- 6429887
TI  - HLA-DR and Factor VIII antibodies in hemophilia A.

PMID- 6429888
TI  - Evidence for an endothelial cell dysfunction in association with Behcet's
      disease.
AB  - Suppression of the fibrinolytic system is a well-known phenomenon in patients
      with Behcet's disease regardless of whether they present thrombotic
      complications. This finding has been related to impaired production and/or
      release of plasminogen activators from the vascular endothelium. In previous
      studies a diminished release of PF4 upon heparin stimuli was observed in plasma
      from patients with Behcet's disease and interpreted as an additional indicator
      for endothelial cell dysfunction. In the present investigations, 12 patients and
      10 healthy volunteers received DDAVP infusions and euglobulin clot lysis time,
      factor VIII activities and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in plasma were repeatedly
      determined before and after infusions. At different times following DDAVP
      infusion, euglobulin clot lysis time was significantly longer and levels of
      F.VIII R:Ag were lower in patients than in normals. F. VIII:C activity increased
      in both groups, whereas no changes were seen in the plasma levels of 6-Keto-PGF1
      alpha either in normals or in patients. It is concluded that the disseminated
      damage of endothelial tissue associated with Behcet's disease correlates with
      multiple endothelial cell dysfunctions and subsequent hemostatic abnormalities.

PMID- 6429889
TI  - The role of the lysine binding sites of human plasminogen in the fibrinogen
      stimulated rate of active site formation in the streptokinase-plasminogen
      equimolar complex.
AB  - The effect of various concentrations of epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA) on the
      rate of active site formation in the human plasminogen moiety of the
      streptokinase-plasminogen equimolar complex has been studied in the absence and
      presence of human fibrinogen fragment D1 (FD1). In the absence of FD1, the pseudo
      first order rate constant (kobs) for active site development in this complex
      ranges from 8.4-17.9 x 10(-3) sec-1 with Glu1-plasminogen (Glu1-Pg), Lys77
      plasminogen (Lys77-Pg), and Val442-plasminogen (Val442-Pg), at levels of EACA
      from 0-25 mM. In the presence of 2 microM FD1, the kobs for active site formation
      in the SK . Glu1-Pg complex, of 60.1 x 10(-3) sec-1, was not altered
      significantly as the EACA level was increased to 25 mM. Similarly, in the SK .
      Lys77-Pg complex, the kobs for active site formation, of 62.1 x 10(-3) sec-1, was
      essentially unchanged as the EACA level was increased to 25 mM. Finally, the kobs
      for active site formation in the SK . Val442-Pg complex, of 113.6 x 10(-3) sec-1,
      was also unaffected at levels of EACA up to 5 mM, with a slight inhibition at 25
      mM EACA. These results show that the stimulation of active site formation in the
      equimolar Sk . Pg complex by fibrinogen fragment D1 is mediated by sites separate
      from the lysine binding sites of plasminogen.

PMID- 6429890
TI  - Effects of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs on the specific binding of platelet
      activating factor to membrane preparations of rabbit platelets.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of several antiinflammatory agents on the specific binding
      of tritiated 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, (platelet
      activating factor, PAF), with its receptor on isolated rabbit platelet plasma
      membranes were investigated. Several potent cyclooxygenase inhibitors do not
      inhibit 3H-PAF binding to its receptor sites. Yet, three others, indomethacin,
      phenylbutazone and sulfinpyrazone, as well as three non-cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors, the 3',4'-dimethoxy analog of indomethacin, the prodrug sulindac and
      its sulfone metabolite, are moderately active at relatively high concentrations
      (50 - 100 microM). Parallel inhibitions of 3H-PAF binding and PAF-induced
      platelet aggregation by derivatives of these antiinflammatory agents suggest that
      these inhibitors are probably interacting with the functional binding sites of
      PAF. The results clearly indicate that the configuration of PAF binding site is
      very different from the inhibitory site of cyclooxygenase. A preference for
      oxygenated substituents in these hydrophobic molecules to inhibit the PAF
      receptor binding is noted. Some binding characteristics of the receptor are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 6429891
TI  - Factor VIII inhibitor treatment with high doses of F VIII.
AB  - A hemophilic patient with F VIII inhibitor was treated with intermittent F VIII
      infusions of 40 - 50 units per kg bodyweight per week. Although the inhibitor
      declined during treatment, an anamnestic response was recorded on two occasions.
      A continuous high dose F VIII regimen of 200 units per kg per day resulted in
      reduction of the inhibitor concentration to less than 1 unit per ml. No
      anamnestic response was seen after a later exposure to intensive F VIII therapy.

PMID- 6429892
TI  - [Central venous catheters of silicone. Experiences from use in parenteral
      nutrition].

PMID- 6429893
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition. Experiences with a mixture of fat, amino acids and glucose
      in the same bag].

PMID- 6429894
TI  - [Zenker's diverticulum].

PMID- 6429895
TI  - Ultrastructure of the preparative phase of cell death in the larval fat body of
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Progressive changes in the ultrastructure of the larval fat body of Drosophila
      melanogaster were studied during the third instar. In addition to electron
      microscopy, light microscopy and morphometric stereology were employed to
      evaluate the tissue at five 12-hr intervals: 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hr after
      hatching from the egg. Lipid and glycogen were found stored throughout the
      instar, whereas protein is stored in the form of cytoplasmic granules mainly
      during the final 24 hr. The cells increased in cross-sectional area, and there
      was a concomitant increase in the relative amounts of these substances. Based on
      morphological characteristics there were three types of protein granules which we
      called dense granules (D), heterogeneous granules (H), and autophagic vacuoles.
      The morphology, size range, time of appearance, and changes in frequency of these
      granules suggested that the H type arose from D granules, and that the autophagic
      vacuoles were derived from D and H types. Morphological evidence indicated D
      granules have the unusual characteristic of forming in the intercellular space
      before entering the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6429896
TI  - Plasma growth hormone responses to sulpiride in patients with acromegaly.
AB  - The role of endogenous dopamine (DA) on plasma GH secretion was studied in 12
      patients with active acromegaly. After intramuscular administration of 100 mg
      sulpiride, 3 out of 12 patients showed distinct increases in their plasma GH
      (cases 1-3: sulpiride-responders). The GH increases far exceeded the ranges of
      physiological fluctuation in two cases studied (case 1 & 3). After domperidone
      administration, case 3 showed a quite similar GH increase as after sulpiride.
      Plasma GH responses to TRH and sulpiride were still observed in case 2 even after
      the basal GH levels were normalized by the transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The
      three sulpiride-responders showed so-called paradoxical GH decreases following
      the administration of L-dopa (500 mg, p.o.) or DA (5 micrograms/kg/min over 90
      min, i.v.). However, the basal plasma PRL levels and the responses to sulpiride
      in these 3 cases were not homogeneous. These results indicate that endogenous DA
      has a tonic inhibitory effect on GH secretion in some cases of acromegaly, and
      that tumorous somatotrophs rather than elevated GH levels are the critical factor
      for such inhibition. Further, the sensitivities of somatotrophs and lactotrophs
      to DA appeared to be heterogeneous in acromegalic patients.

PMID- 6429897
TI  - Law and legal concepts. Effective use of outside legal counsel.

PMID- 6429898
TI  - A role for serotonin in alpha-naphthylthiourea-induced pulmonary edema.
AB  - alpha-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU) damages the pulmonary capillary endothelium
      producing a marked pulmonary edema. Since the pulmonary microvasculature
      regulates the circulating levels of serotonin (5-HT), the role of 5-HT in the
      pathophysiology of ANTU-induced pulmonary edema was examined. Mice treated with
      ANTU (10 mg/kg, ip) rapidly developed pulmonary edema which was maximal at 3 hr
      and was resolved by 12 hr. The lung content of both endogenous 5-HT and a tracer
      dose of 5-[3H]HT paralleled the time course of the development and resolution of
      the pulmonary edema. ANTU produced a significant thrombocytopenia (58 to 72%) at
      all time points, and an elevated platelet content of 5-HT and 5-[3H]HT during the
      resolution phase (6 to 12 hr). Drugs possessing select effects on 5-HT were shown
      to alter the edematogenic response to ANTU. Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of
      5-HT uptake, potentiated the pulmonary edema, while clorgyline, an irreversible
      inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase, was without effect. Reserpine which
      depletes 5-HT stores prevented both thrombocytopenia and pulmonary edema in
      response to ANTU. Reloading the lung and platelet 5-HT stores of reserpinized
      animals reestablished the normal response to ANTU. Pretreatment with the
      selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, prevented the thrombocytopenia,
      the increase in lung content of 5-HT and 5-[3H]HT, and prevented the edematogenic
      response to ANTU by 70%. These data indicate a major role for 5-HT in the
      pathophysiology of acute lung microvascular injury produced by ANTU.

PMID- 6429899
TI  - Pulmonary reactions to inhaled cotton dust: an animal model for byssinosis.
AB  - Groups of guinea pigs were exposed to respirable particles of cotton dust
      obtained from opening and carding rooms of a textile mill. The bulk cotton dust
      was resuspended with a modified sonic sifter. Exposures were conducted 6 hr/day
      at concentrations varying between 16 and 25 mg/m3. The particle size for these
      exposures varied around a 3 micron aerodynamic equivalent diameter. In animals
      exposed for 5 days, a pulmonary effect began to develop 3 hr after the start of
      exposure on the first day and was maximal 18 hr postexposure. The pulmonary
      effect faded during the ensuing weekdays as daily exposures continued. In one
      group exposed for 6 weeks, 5 days/week, the pulmonary effect was apparent on each
      Monday and faded during the week. The pulmonary response can best be
      characterized as a reflex restriction of breathing from stimulation of vagal
      nerve endings, resulting in rapid shallow breathing. This effect was exaggerated
      upon challenge of the animals with air containing 10% CO2. In humans this pattern
      of rapid shallow breathing is associated with symptoms of shortness of breath,
      dyspnea, breathlessness, and fatigue upon exertion. Such symptoms are
      characteristic of those reported by workers exposed to cotton dust. This animal
      model is proposed for further evaluation of the possible relationship between the
      acute responses to cotton dust and the development of a chronic response.

PMID- 6429900
TI  - The toxicity of sixteen metallic compounds in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The toxicity of 16 metal salts to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was
      determined by measuring the cloning efficiency (CE) of CHO cells after exposure
      to the metals. CHO cells differed by a factor of 10(5) to 10(6) in their toxic
      response to these metal salts. While Cd(II) was the most toxic ion, Mg(II)
      exhibited the least toxicity based on either CE50 (concentration required to
      reduce the CE to 50%) or D0 (concentration increment which reduced the CE by
      63%). On the basis of CE50, the toxicity ranking was Ag greater than Tl for
      monovalent metals, Cd greater than Zn greater than Hg greater than Co greater Cu
      greater than Mn greater than Ni greater than Be greater than Pd greater than Sr
      greater than Mg for divalent metals, and In greater than Rh greater than Y for
      trivalent metals. A similar ranking was found for D0. For the 11 divalent metals,
      correlations of CE50 and D0 in the CHO cell assay and the Pearson-Mawby softness
      parameter for metals (sigma p) were reasonably strong. A good correlation exists
      between the results of this study on the toxic response in CHO cells and
      published data on toxicity in mice and Drosophila. It appears that the CHO cell
      cloning assay may be useful in preliminary screening of metallic compounds as an
      indicator of their predicted toxicity in higher organisms.

PMID- 6429901
TI  - The effects of carbon disulfide on the reproductive system of the male rat.
AB  - Two experimental protocols were employed to determine the effects of carbon
      disulfide (CS2) on the reproductive system of the male rat. In the first
      experiment, adult Long Evans hooded rats were exposed to 0, 350 or 600 ppm CS2
      vapor for 10 weeks (5 h/day, 5 days/week). CS2 exposure caused no change in
      reproductive organ weights nor in plasma gonadotropin levels. However, animals
      exposed to 600 ppm CS2 had slightly lower epididymal sperm counts and
      significantly reduced plasma testosterone levels. In order to determine if
      monitoring hormone levels and sperm status in the same male over time might
      increase the sensitivity of detecting a toxic reaction, the second protocol was
      employed. Male rats were exposed to 0 or 600 ppm CS2. After 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10
      weeks of exposure, males were observed for mating behavior, and ejaculated sperm
      count and plasma hormone levels were determined. Animals exposed to 600 ppm CS2
      had significantly shorter times to mount and to ejaculate and decreased
      ejaculated sperm counts. Plasma gonadotropin levels were similar in both groups
      while plasma testosterone levels were marginally depressed in CS2-exposed animals
      in the early weeks. These data indicate that CS2 is a toxin of the male
      reproductive system resulting in abnormal coital behavior and decreased sperm
      counts. The second experimental protocol proves to be a sensitive method for
      assessing adverse effects in the male reproductive system.

PMID- 6429902
TI  - Distal nephron function of the rat during acute aflatoxicosis.
AB  - The effect of an acute intoxication with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on some parameters
      of distal nephron function was examined in rats 48 h after a single i.p. dose of
      100 micrograms/kg body wt. The parameters tested were the capacity for the
      excretion of fixed acids and ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis and the
      concentration and dilution of urine applying conventional clearance techniques.
      The treated rats showed a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) approx. 50% lower than
      the controls, but they were able to reduce the urinary pH as were nonintoxicated
      animals. The ammonium excretion rate per ml of GFR was unimpaired in the treated
      rats, but the rate of excretion of fixed acids per ml of GFR was increased. The
      maximal urinary osmolality was significantly diminished in the intoxicated rats
      as was water reabsorption, when compared with data obtained in the controls. No
      differences between groups were seen in the free water formation although urinary
      excretion of electrolytes was significantly increased. The studies support the
      nephrotoxicity of AFB1 in the rat probably by interfering with transport function
      in the collecting tubule cells together with a diffuse impairment of proximal
      tubule function, as observed previously.

PMID- 6429903
TI  - Genotoxic effects of dioxolane and trioxane in mice evaluated by the micronucleus
      test.
AB  - The possible genotoxic effects of dioxolane and trioxane were studied using the
      micronucleus test. Mice were given dioxolane and trioxane i.p. in two doses at 24
      h intervals. Dioxolane at doses from 1500 mg/kg to 6000 mg/kg caused a
      significant increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow
      of mice as compared to the negative control value. Positive results in the
      micronucleus test provide evidence of genotoxic activity of dioxolane. I.p.
      administration of trioxane produced no chromosomal damage resulting in
      erythrocyte micronucleus formation, even at highly toxic doses.

PMID- 6429904
TI  - Effect of aflatoxin B1 on brain serotonin and catecholamines in chickens.
AB  - A single oral dose of aflatoxin B1 at 3 mg/kg body weight caused a significant
      increase in brain serotonin (5-HT) in 5-week-old chickens. Norepinephrine (NE)
      brain concentration significantly decreased, whereas the dopamine (DA)
      concentration remained unchanged. These results suggest that in modifying the
      concentrations of biogenic amines in the brain, aflatoxin B1 may affect brain
      function.

PMID- 6429905
TI  - Quarterly versus monthly supervision of CBD family planning programs: an
      experimental study in northeast Brazil.
AB  - The cost-effectiveness of reducing the frequency of routine supervision from
      monthly to quarterly was evaluated in a closely controlled field experiment
      conducted in a community-based distribution program in Piaui State in northeast
      Brazil. The results demonstrated substantial potential savings in supervisors'
      salaries and travel at no cost to program performance (new acceptors, revisits,
      distributor turnover). A possible reason for this finding was that most
      supervisory visits were primarily concerned with collecting inventory and service
      statistics, which probably contributed little to post performance. It was
      suggested that the number of supervisors and the frequency of supervision should
      be linked to productive rather than routine supervisory activities.

PMID- 6429906
TI  - [Functional disorders of the masticatory system. A discipline on the verge of a
      break-through? An interview with Prof. Dr. S. Palla].

PMID- 6429907
TI  - [Problems of biological adaptation of plastic denture bases].

PMID- 6429908
TI  - [Animal dentistry. Tooth of the tiger].

PMID- 6429909
TI  - [Tooth and periodontal diseases: therapy--the strategy of choice? Prevention,
      cure or repair?].

PMID- 6429910
TI  - Lack of significant correlation between circadian profiles of valproic acid serum
      levels and epileptiform electroencephalographic activity.
AB  - Using mobile long-term electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring in 7 absence
      epilepsy patients, the course of spike-wave discharge rate before and during
      valproate monotherapy was measured and compared to the profile of valproic acid
      serum level. Correlation analysis was done, taking into account an eventual time
      delay between drug concentration and effect on EEG. No significant correlation
      was found when comparing serum levels with the actual discharge profile or with
      the profile of changes in discharge rate.

PMID- 6429911
TI  - Determination of disopyramide phosphate in serum by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitation of disopyramide phosphate (Norpace) in
      serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. The analysis utilizes
      ultraviolet detection at 254 nm with a 5-micrometers reversed-phase column and a
      mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer,
      acetic acid, and water. The determination requires 100 microliters of serum
      sample and the analysis time (9 min) is rapid. Serum extraction is a two-step
      process using chloroform, sodium carbonate, and hydrochloric acid. Although acid
      is used, columns produced sharp peaks with consistent retention times for 6-8
      months. This method provides selectivity and sensitivity with a precision of
      3.8%, average recovery of 92.9% and no interference from 18 commonly administered
      drugs.

PMID- 6429912
TI  - Hepatic infarction following intraportal islet cell autotransplantation after
      near-total pancreatectomy.

PMID- 6429913
TI  - Unilateral seizures following vincristine intravenous injection.
AB  - A case of acute central nervous system toxicity following the intravenous
      injection of vincristine was observed in a patient treated with a chemotherapy
      regimen including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone for non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma. The neurological symptoms consisted of right-sided epileptiform
      jacksonian seizures limited to the face, that lasted about 10 min, followed by
      spontaneous recovery. A cerebrospinal fluid study and computed tomographic scan
      of the brain failed to reveal any central nervous system lymphomatous
      involvement.

PMID- 6429914
TI  - [Stupor associated with the treatment of epilepsy with valproate].

PMID- 6429915
TI  - Effect of repeated hyperbaric exposures on the menstrual cycle: preliminary
      study.
AB  - Two healthy female volunteers were subjected to hyperbaric air pressure of 5 ATA
      comparable to 130 feet of sea water (fsw) for 20 min 7 or 8 times during their
      menstrual cycles (experimental cycles). During the experimental cycles hormone
      assays for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
      estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were performed before and after each
      dive on alternate days between the 5th and 11th cycle days (follicular phase),
      daily during the time ovulation was expected to occur, and on alternate days
      during the luteal phase; these were compared with the same assays throughout
      control cycles, during which the subjects were not pressurized. Periodic
      pressurization produced no significant changes in hormone patterns; ovulation was
      not inhibited and menstrual periods were unchanged.

PMID- 6429916
TI  - The study of GnRH control of reproductive function.
AB  - The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is controlled by
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH, gonadotropins, and gonadal sex
      steroids are secreted in a pulsatile fashion. As the peripheral plasma
      concentrations of GnRH are too low for the existing assay systems, the pattern of
      pulsatile release of gonadotropins is often utilized for the indirect estimation
      of hypothalamic GnRH activity. In addition, the long-term pulsatile
      administration of exogenous GnRH in selected states of GnRH deficiency provides
      important information on the regulation of the HPG axis. Because of the limits of
      each approach, both investigational tools should be used complementary for the
      study of GnRH role in the control of pituitary and gonadal function. This article
      reviews recent information on GnRH physiology acquired with the use of these
      methods.

PMID- 6429917
TI  - Prolonged pulsatile LRH treatment in different frequency schedules in a
      hypogonadotropic male.
AB  - A 22 years old male patient with a pubertal arrest of unknown origin at P4, G3
      received LRH in three different schedules, each lasting for four weeks. 8 times
      per day 20 micrograms LRH iv, 16 times per day 20 micrograms LRH iv, 32 times per
      day 20 micrograms LRH iv. During the first period the low FSH levels increased
      into the normal adult range, while LH remained at the low level, a change also
      observed in early puberty. Testosterone increased to low normal adult values. In
      the second period LH as well as testosterone increased to normal adult values and
      in the third period LH, FSH as well as testosterone increased into the high
      normal range. There was no evidence of desensitization of the gonadotrophic cells
      during the third period. From these data we suggest that: 1. LRH treatment in a
      frequency higher than physiologic, as observed in adult men, does not result
      necessarily in desensitization of the gonadotrophic cells and 2. the change in
      gonadotropin secretion in early puberty may be the result of an increased LRH
      stimulation in a frequency lower than observed in adults.

PMID- 6429918
TI  - Induction of male puberty by long-term pulsatile subcutaneous LH-RH therapy.
AB  - Prolonged low dose LH-RH treatment was given to induce puberty in a 17.8-year-old
      male with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The patient had developed
      panhypopituitarism after transcranial surgery of a craniopharyngioma at the age
      of 16.8 years. One year after the operation he had no signs of pubertal
      development and was of short stature. A small portable automatically-timed
      infusion pump, connected to a subcutaneous (s.c.) catheter, was used for the 328
      day-long treatment, which was given in periods of between 16 to 185 days. Twenty
      micrograms of LH-RH s.c. was given every 90 min. Growth hormone therapy, 8 IU
      intramuscularly (i.m.) twice weekly, was instituted at the same time. During the
      prolonged LH-RH treatment the gonadotrophin secretion normalized. The serum
      concentration of testosterone increased to the normal range of adult males. Rapid
      pubertal progression occurred with development of pubic hair to adult type and
      increase in size of the penis. Testicular volume increased from 2 to 12 ml.
      Nocturnal emissions occurred after 30 weeks of pulsatile LH-RH treatment and
      sperms were found in the ejaculate after 43 weeks. The height of the patient
      increased from 162 to 176 cm. Thus, chronic pulsatile low dose LH-RH treatment
      can induce normal pituitary - gonadal function with pubertal maturation and
      spermatogenesis in primary male hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

PMID- 6429919
TI  - Failure of inosine to prevent ischemic damage in the canine and rat kidney
      models.
AB  - Intravenous, renal artery, and intraperitoneal administration of inosine at
      dosages of 100 to 200 mg/kg, 160 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, in the dog
      and rat was used to test its efficacy in preventing ischemic damage after 60 min
      of warm ischemia in an in situ solitary renal model. No improvement of renal
      function as compared with a control and a conventional mannitol/furosemide
      treatment group was detected. Rather, inosine at dosages of greater than or equal
      to 160 mg/kg resulted in significantly impaired renal function in the
      experimental groups of the dog model; no improvement was observed in the rat
      model. These results suggest that the use of inosine in human renal surgery and
      preservation should be approached cautiously.

PMID- 6429920
TI  - Case profile: pseudodiverticulum of renal pelvis.

PMID- 6429921
TI  - [Carbogen therapy in glaucoma].

PMID- 6429922
TI  - [Role of enteroviruses in the etiology of uveitis in children].

PMID- 6429923
TI  - Autoimmune skin disease of large animals.

PMID- 6429924
TI  - Redefinition of the feline urologic syndrome: feline lower urinary tract disease
      with heterogeneous causes.

PMID- 6429925
TI  - Medical management of male and female cats with nonobstructive lower urinary
      tract disease.
AB  - This case is typical of recurrent urolithiasis managed by repeated surgery.
      Retrospective assessment of the disorder indicates the need for quantitative
      analyses of uroliths removed by cystotomy. Compliance of the owners with
      recommendations to minimize recurrent urolithiasis might have been beneficial.
      Results of medical therapy designed to induce dissolution of uroliths in this
      case are representative of preliminary findings of medical dissolution of
      naturally occurring struvite uroliths in ten other cats. It is of interest that
      the uroliths dissolved even though no effort was made to induce diuresis. The
      underlying cause of UTI in this patient may have been damage to the lower urinary
      tract induced by previous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and/or sterile
      struvite uroliths that compromised local host defense mechanisms. Lack of urease
      production by the uropathogens suggests that they did not play a causative role
      in formation of uroliths. The need for preventative therapy of recurrent
      formation of uroliths after their medical dissolution is worthy of further
      comment. In this patient, specific measures to prevent urolith recurrence were
      not initiated because it is a part of a prospective clinical study. In the event
      uroliths recur, medical therapy designed to induce dissolution of uroliths would
      be repeated. Need for long-term preventative therapy would be dependent on the
      time interval between recurrent episodes (weeks, months, or years), and the
      effectiveness of medical therapy for urolith dissolution. Long-term prophylactic
      therapy would include urine acidifiers and diets low in magnesium.

PMID- 6429926
TI  - [Present status of radiotherapy of malignant tumors and basic trends in its
      development].

PMID- 6429927
TI  - [Clinical particulars of the most frequently encountered acute poisonings].

PMID- 6429928
TI  - [Acute respiratory failure in the infant].

PMID- 6429929
TI  - [Rational nutrition in the fight against obesity and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6429930
TI  - [The prevention of intra-hospital infections. Efficiency of postgraduate courses
      of ancillary health personnel].

PMID- 6429932
TI  - [The premature newborn infant].

PMID- 6429931
TI  - [Selection, education and efficient use of ancillary health personnel].

PMID- 6429933
TI  - [The diet in hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis].

PMID- 6429934
TI  - [Methods used in nurseries for the development of hygienic behavior in children].

PMID- 6429935
TI  - [Ambulatory care of patients with polycythemia vera].

PMID- 6429936
TI  - Distribution of collagen types I and III and basal lamina in human gastric
      carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Collagen types I and III were examined immunohistochemically in 32 cases of
      gastric carcinoma classified as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with
      scirrhous stroma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma with intermediate stroma, or
      poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma. In the stroma of
      scirrhous carcinoma, types I and III collagens were distributed abundantly in
      fibrillar or granular patterns with little difference in the intensity of
      staining. In well differentiated adenocarcinoma, type I collagen was diffusely
      distributed in the stroma with type III collagen distributed sparsely. In poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma, the two types of collagen
      were only found around capillaries, constituting the tumor interstitium. Electron
      microscopic examination of scirrhous carcinoma showed tumor cells partially
      covered with fibroblasts, and discontinuous basal lamina, collagen fibers and
      microfibrils present between tumor cells and fibroblasts. In well differentiated
      carcinoma, tumor cells were surrounded by fibroblasts, and well developed basal
      lamina was observed beneath the tumor cells. In poorly differentiated carcinoma
      with medullary stroma, the stroma consisted of capillaries and very few
      fibroblasts with discontinuous basal lamina occasionally being present between
      tumor cells and fibroblasts.

PMID- 6429937
TI  - The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of myofibroblasts: an immunofluorescence
      and ultrastructural study.
AB  - The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of stromal myofibroblasts from a series of
      twenty-eight infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas was examined by transmission
      electron microscopy (TEM) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF), the latter using
      antibodies to desmin, vimentin and prekeratin. Three cases of fibromatoses,
      selected as an additional source of myofibroblasts, were processed in the same
      manner. Stromal myofibroblasts from invasive ductal breast carcinomas rich in
      actin and readily identified by IF, were most numerous in the "young" edematous
      mesenchyme, areas corresponding to early stromal invasion or the peripheral
      invasive cellular front. Within the central sclerotic zone wherein clusters of
      neoplastic epithelial cells were surrounded by abundant collagen, most stromal
      cells corresponded by TEM to fibroblasts. In like fashion, myofibroblasts were
      most numerous in cellular, poorly collagenized portions of fibromatoses. By IF
      the only detectable intermediate filament protein of myofibroblasts in these two
      settings was vimentin. Since the appearance of stromal myofibroblasts appears to
      be associated with stromal invasion by malignant epithelium, their development by
      modulation of pre-existent periductal fibroblasts is postulated. With the
      exception of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, the only
      periductal mesenchymal cells shown to contain vimentin were fibroblasts. The lack
      of desmin in myofibroblasts constitutes evidence against an origin from vascular
      smooth muscle cells. Because the molecular markers (intermediate filament
      proteins) of stromal cell differentiation presented quantitative but not
      qualitative modifications, the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts
      is quite likely, suggesting that myofibroblasts may be more closely related to
      fibroblasts than to smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6429938
TI  - Immune aspects of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach: an immunohistochemical
      study.
AB  - Immune characteristics of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach were analyzed by
      the immunoperoxidase technique in frozen and paraffin-embedded specimens. In
      fetal and minimally inflamed adult gastric mucosa, secretory component (SC) was
      absent from epithelial cells. Non-intestinalized gastric mucosa with evident
      inflammatory changes showed weak SC immunoreactivity at the generative cell zone.
      Enhanced immunoreactivity of SC with evidence of transepithelial transport of IgA
      and IgM, but not of IgG, was demonstrated in intestinalized glands of either the
      complete or incomplete type. The number of inflammatory cells and lymphoid
      follicles was decreased in intestinalized mucosa when compared with that in non
      intestinalized gastritic mucosa; J chain-negative IgG plasma cells and T cells,
      both of which were fairly abundant in the latter mucosa, were remarkably
      decreased in the former mucosa, whereas the decrease of J chain-positive IgA or
      IgM plasma cells was slight or equivocal. In either mucosa, IgA was the most
      popular immunoglobulin class in plasma cells. IgD plasma cells were very rare. In
      the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles which were preferentially distributed
      in non-intestinalized gastritic mucosa, IgM or IgG germinocytes predominated over
      IgA germinocytes, and a few T cells and NK cells also were present.
      Intraepithelial lymphoid cells with a T-suppressor phenotype were detected in
      intestinalized glands. The possibility that intestinal metaplasia is an
      adaptation to long-standing chronic gastritis is discussed.

PMID- 6429939
TI  - Neurogenic sarcomas in patients with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's
      disease). Light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry study.
AB  - Thirteen soft tissue neurogenic sarcomas from twelve patients with
      neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's disease) were ultrastructurally examined.
      Electron microscopic studies revealed a wide spectrum of morphological
      manifestations varying from schwannian to fibroblastic, histiocytic,
      fibrohistiocytic and relatively undifferentiated cellular proliferations. A
      similar variation on light microscopic appearances has been previously reported
      in these neurogenic sarcomas. Neurogenic sarcomas occurring in patients with
      neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's disease), represent a heterogeneous group
      of neoplasms with various patterns of differentiation identified
      ultrastructurally. The morphologic expressions of these neurogenic neoplasms can
      be conceptualized as a disorderly growth of the various peripheral nerve cellular
      components, or, as has been previously suggested, as a result of the
      multipotential nature and metaplastic ability of Schwann cells. S-100 protein
      immunohistochemistry was only positive in those neoplasms ultrastructurally
      proven to represent schwannian cellular proliferations. This study serves to
      document the range of fine structure that may be found in neurogenic sarcomas, to
      correlate the ultrastructural findings with the light microscopic appearance of
      these tumors, to determine the specificity of the electron microscopic findings,
      and immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein and assess their possible value in
      differential diagnosis.

PMID- 6429940
TI  - Haemorrhagic tumour necrosis following endotoxin administration. I.
      Communication: morphological investigation on endotoxin-induced necrosis of the
      methylcholanthrene (Meth A) tumour in the mouse.
AB  - Endotoxin induced necrosis of the Meth A mouse tumour has been investigated using
      macroscopic, histological and ultrastructural examination methods. On the 8th day
      after tumour cell transplantation, the animals received a relatively non-toxic
      dose of the Salmonella abortus equi endotoxin intravenously. The natural history
      of the tumour necrosis took the following course: The earliest morphological
      changes could be seen with the electron microscope 90 min after administration of
      the endotoxin, and were seen as an interstitial oedema with separation of the
      tumour cells. Haemorrhagic necrosis of the tumour was complete 4 hours after
      injection, and could be easily recognized with the naked eye. Rejection of the
      necrotic malignant tumour was complete two weeks after LPS administration. Only
      minor residual scarring of the belly-wall remained. Haemorrhagic tumour necrosis
      due to endotoxin can be compared with the localized Shwartzman reaction and
      probably involves tumour necrotizing factor (TNF). For complete destruction of a
      tumour by haemorrhagic necrosis the size of the tumour is critical. Certain
      regression after endotoxin administration depends upon additional T-cell-mediated
      immunity (provided the tumour is immunogenic). In contrast to the haemorrhagic
      necrosis, BCG-induced tumour regression is accompanied by granulomatous
      inflammation, which may be responsible for destruction of the tumour.

PMID- 6429941
TI  - In situ immunological characterization of Langerhans cells with monoclonal
      antibodies: comparison with other dendritic cells in skin and lymph nodes.
AB  - The antigenic properties of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) were determined and
      compared with those of non-lymphoid dendritic dermal cells (DDC), interdigitating
      reticulum cells (IRC), dendritic reticulum cells (DRC), and histiocytic reticulum
      cells (HRC) by examination of serial and double immunoenzymatic and -fluorescence
      stained frozen sections of skin and lymph node biopsies. All of these cell types
      expressed leucocyte common antigen. LC, DDC, and IRC demonstrated similar
      antigenic phenotypes (HLA-DR+, Leu3+, OKT6+/-, anti-C3 receptor-, R4/23-, Ig
      complex-, MO2-), whereas the antigenic properties on DRC (HLA-DR-, Leu3-, OKT6-,
      anti-C3 receptor+, R4/23+, Ig-complex+, MO2-) and HRC (HLA-DR+/-, Leu3-, OKT6-,
      anti-C3 receptor+ R4/23-, Ig-complex+, MO2+) were markedly different. These data
      suggest that LC, DDC, and IRC are closely interrelated cell types, and support
      the concept that DRC and HRC are unique cell types which do not appear to be
      related to LC, DDC, or IRC. The lack of labelling of LC with monoclonal anti-C3b
      receptor antibody, and polyclonal antiserum recognizing C3b, C3bi, and C3d
      receptors strongly indicate that the EAC-rosetting of LC previously described is
      not due to the presence of C3 receptors on these cells. Alternatively, LC may
      express C3 receptor molecules different from those previously identified (C3b,
      C3bi, and C3d).

PMID- 6429942
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the histogenesis of localized fibrous tumours of
      the pleura (benign mesothelioma).
AB  - Five localized fibrous tumours of the pleura (benign mesothelioma) were studied
      ultrastructurally in order to elucidate their histogenesis. The histological
      subtypes of this benign fibrous lesion of the visceral pleura, i.e. the cellular,
      the collagenous, and the hyaline, were separately analysed. The tumours are
      composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, intermediate and differentiated
      fibroblasts as well as collagenous interstitial tissue. The varying distribution
      of these cell elements account for the various histological subtypes.
      Morphological similarities between the mesenchymal tumour cells and the
      superficial mesothelial cells, which are always separated from the true tumour
      tissue by an intact basement membrane, were not observed. The different cellular
      elements can be regarded as parts of a continuous spectrum of
      cytodifferentiation, in which the mature fibroblasts are derived via intermediate
      forms from the undifferentiated cells. It is concluded that the localized fibrous
      tumours of the pleura arise from immature mesenchymal stem cells, which seems to
      be normally found in the submesothelial layer of the visceral pleura.

PMID- 6429943
TI  - The embryonal carcinoma of the parotid gland. A rare example of an embryonal
      tumor.
AB  - Embryonal tumors are a neoplastic proliferation of cells of organ rudiments.
      Morphologically, these tumors are similar to the developmental stages of these
      organ rudiments. Embryonal tumors of the salivary glands have not been previously
      described. In the salivary gland register, reviewing the years 1965-1982 (n =
      8043), we diagnosed 2,878 tumors of the salivary glands, of these 73 were tumors
      in children. One case was a malignant epithelial tumor in a 12-year-old boy,
      which showed the criteria of an embryonal carcinoma in light- and electron
      microscopy. The tumor revealed solid undifferentiated areas, epidermoid
      structures with keratinization and acinic structures. Immunhistochemically, the
      better differentiated epidermoid cells reacted positively with anti-CEA and anti
      keratin, the acinic cells were positive with anti-amylase. The ultrastructure was
      characterized by primitive ductular epithelial cells and acinic cells with their
      typical morphological features. The embryonal carcinoma has to be distinguished
      from undifferentiated carcinomas of the salivary glands, which consist of
      primitive ductular structures only. The failure to detect other tumor markers
      (lactoferrin, tissue polypeptid antigen) indicates that poorly and well
      differentiated areas can exist simultaneously in embryonal carcinomas.

PMID- 6429944
TI  - Morphometric evidence for a striking B-cell reduction at the clinical onset of
      type 1 diabetes.
AB  - The distribution and volume of the pancreatic endocrine cells were studied in a
      case of type 1 diabetes with a duration of approximately 7 days.
      Immunocytochemical techniques combined with morphometry were used. The PP-cell
      rich lobe, making up about 10% of the total pancreatic volume, was not included
      in this study. The volume density and the absolute volume of the B-cells was
      found to be reduced to about one third to one seventh of the values determined in
      four controls of similar age and/or pancreatic volume. The A-cell volume was also
      diminished whereas the D- and PP-cell volume remained constant. As B-cell
      necroses could not be detected and insulitis was in the initial stages of
      development it is concluded that the destruction of B-cells proceeds slowly in
      type 1 diabetes. In the majority of cases it probably starts years before the
      clinical onset of the disease.

PMID- 6429945
TI  - Central intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the mandible.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic findings in papillary endothelial hyperplasia of
      the mandible in a 49-year-old female are reported. The endothelial cell-lined
      papillary projection into a cystic lumen was examined by light microscopy and
      characteristic features of the endothelial cells were found by electron
      microscopy. Factor VIII-related antigen was demonstrated in the endothelial cells
      by the immunoperoxidase technique.

PMID- 6429946
TI  - Cone response latency and log sensitivity: proportional changes with light
      adaptation.
AB  - Field adaptation causes proportional changes in cone response latency and log
      sensitivity for (1) psychophysical reaction times to threshold stimuli, (2)
      intracellular recordings of turtle cone responses, (3) local electroretinogram
      recordings of monkey cone responses and (4) theoretical impulse response
      functions derived from psychophysical flicker thresholds. To a good
      approximation, this relationship holds for all levels of cone adaptation except
      those that cause significant photopigment bleaching. For L and M cones, the
      proportionality constant between latency and log sensitivity appears to be cone
      specific and largely independent of spatiotemporal stimulus parameters. For S
      cones, the proportionality constant depends to some extent on influences from
      other cone types.

PMID- 6429947
TI  - Pathways in the hydrolysis of vertebrate rhodopsin.
AB  - A direct method for measuring the amount of retinal 387 was used along with
      spectral techniques to measure each of the intermediates in the photolysis of
      rhodopsin and to unequivocally determine the pathways in solution extracts of
      bovine rhodopsin and excised toad and skate retinas. Metarhodopsin II 380 was the
      earliest intermediate which hydrolyzed to retinal 387 plus opsin. In excised toad
      retinas three approaches were used to show that Meta III 465 decayed directly to
      retinal 387 plus opsin. The only pathway consistent with the data was: (Formula:
      See text). In solution extracts the formation and hydrolysis of N-Retinylidene
      Opsin was also observed.

PMID- 6429948
TI  - [Glycosphingolipid content and beta-galacto- and beta-glucosidase activity of the
      blood in acute myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis].
AB  - Content of acid and neutral glycosphingolipids was distinctly higher in blood
      plasma and cells of patients with acute myocardium infarction as compared with
      healthy persons. In leukocytes of the patients activity of beta-galactosidase,
      exhibiting pH optimum at pH 3.6, was decreased with simultaneous activation of
      beta-galactosidase at pH 5.5 and of beta-glucosidase (at pH 4.0 and 5.5). Content
      of glycosphingolipids in blood decreased in post-infractional myocardial
      cardiosclerosis but remained sufficiently high as compared with controls. In the
      cardiosclerosis activity of beta-galactosidase was increased at pH 3.6 as
      compared with the acute infarction; this activity was decreased at pH 5.5
      Activity of beta-glucosidase at the both pH values (pH 4.0 and 5.5) was decreased
      down to the normal values.

PMID- 6429949
TI  - [Change in the activity of the microsomal system of liver oxidation in rabbits in
      experimental atherosclerosis].
AB  - Oxidizing ability of rabbit liver tissue was studied in experimental
      atheromatosis, while the functional activity of microsomal enzymatic system was
      evaluated by content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well by estimation of the
      reductase activity and the rates of oxidation of aniline, dimethylalanine, p
      nitroanisole and amidopyrine with NADN and NADPH as cosubstrates. In rabbits with
      atheromatous impairment of aorta all the patterns studied were decreased by 30
      70%. Severity of the aorta impairment correlated directly with the liver tissue
      deterioration and the rate of alteration in activity of the microsomal system
      oxidation constituents. The most distinct changes were found in NADPH-dependent
      reactions and in cytochrome P-450. The data obtained suggest that experimental
      atheromatosis of rabbits, produced after cholesterol loading, is responsible for
      distinct impairment of liver microsomal enzymatic system. The most profound
      alterations were observed in the components involved in the cholesterol-7 alpha
      hydroxylase reaction.

PMID- 6429950
TI  - [Enterochromaffin cells of the intestinal mucosa during long-term parenteral and
      intragastric feeding].
AB  - The authors studied the response of enterochromaffin cells (Ec-cells) of the
      duodenal mucosa of rats during parenteral and intragastric administration of food
      mixtures containing a fatty emulsion venolipid (Japan) and of food mixtures
      containing no fat. The food mixture was administered round the clock, uniformly
      throughout 15 days. The Ec-cells were detected by the argentaffinity method
      modified by Phontane . It was discovered that during parenteral and intragastric
      administration of the food mixture containing a fatty emulsion, the amount of the
      Ec-cells in the duodenal mucosa was 3 times greater as compared with control.
      There were cells with varying intensity of the argentaffinity response, which
      attests to an active release of hormones synthesized by the Ec-cells. During
      intragastric administration of the food mixture containing no fatty emulsion, the
      status of the Ec-cells was the most similar to that seen in control. This is
      suggestive of an important role of the diet fat for changes in the Ec-cells. The
      changes found should be taken into consideration in the assessment of the effects
      of parenteral and intragastric feeding on the body and intestine and in the
      choice of the most optimal methods of feeding.

PMID- 6429951
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolism in various forms of protein-vitamin deficiency].
AB  - Experiments were made on rats to study the effect of protein deficiency, amino
      acid unbalance and vitamin B1, A, E, C deficiency on the weight gain of rats, on
      the eating up of feed, the blood content of nitrogenous components and their
      excretion with urine and feces. The feeding of the diets deficient in protein,
      essential amino acids and vitamins leads to substantial changes in nitrogenous
      metabolism. Such alimentary disorders are followed by the reduced assimilability
      and biological value of food proteins.

PMID- 6429952
TI  - [Various indicators of renal function in experimental malnutrition].
AB  - Study of renal function in rats during long-term choline-protein deficiency has
      demonstrated the development of renal failure in the late stages of experiments.
      After the period of recovery all the parameters under study returned to normal,
      with the exception of blood serum concentration of endogenous creatinine, which
      in experimental group animals was lower (p less than 0.025) as compared with this
      indicator in the control.

PMID- 6429953
TI  - [Evaluation of a food additive prepared from blood proteins].
AB  - The authors provide the data on the biological value of food additive
      manufactured from the slaughtered animals' blood upon its defibrinization . The
      biological value was determined from the effects of proteolytic enzymes on
      proteins and by the microbiological rapid method with the use of ciliary
      infusoria as test object. The relationship was found between the biological value
      of the food additive and the ratio in it of fibrin and coloring enzyme.

PMID- 6429954
TI  - [Medical aspects of elaboration of microbiological criteria for evaluating the
      quality and principles of microbiological standards of dried milk and other
      mixtures for children in the first year of life].
AB  - The author demonstrates the ability of St. aureus, E. coli O III, B. cereus and
      other opportunistic microorganisms to multiply in model media similar to those in
      the alimentary tract of children of the first year of life. Describes the
      principal differences between microbiological criteria of evaluating the quality
      and safety of infant food mixtures and other products intended for children of
      the first year of life and these criteria for consumer goods. Emphasizes that
      food mixtures for infant nutrition should not contain potentially pathogenic and
      pathogenic microorganisms. At the present stage of manufacturing food for
      children of the first year of life the microbiological criteria are based on an
      assay of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in 1 g (ml) and on the determination
      of the mass of the ready-made mixture or other product which should not contain
      E. coli that ferment glucose, coliform bacteria, lactose, E. coli, St. aureus,
      salmonella, yeast and mold.

PMID- 6429955
TI  - [Use of adapted Maliutka and Malysh Propionibacterium acidophilus mixtures in the
      combined treatment of acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in infants].
AB  - The efficacy of the adapted sweet, acidophilic and propionic-acidophilic mixtures
      Malyutka and Malysh included into a complex of therapeutic measures for acute
      gastroenterocolitis was studied and compared in 93 infants. The time course of
      gastroenterocolitis was the most favourable in children fed the propionic
      acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh. As compared to children given the sweet
      and acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh, those fed propionic-acidophilic
      versions of the mixtures demonstrated more rapid elimination of the major
      symptoms and syndromes of disease and improvement of erythropoiesis.

PMID- 6429956
TI  - Weak D antigen testing using the groupamatic system.
AB  - Reliable detection of the weak D (Du) antigen has been a problem for the
      Groupamatic typing equipment. Using several anti-D sera of known concentration
      and Du red cells, dose-response curves produced by the Groupamatic revealed
      variation in the ability to detect the Du antigen by commercial anti-D reagents.
      Variation in the reactivity of the Du antigen among Du-positive donors was noted.
      Studies were conducted to determine optimal conditions for the Groupamatic to
      detect the weakest Du cells. When these conditions were applied to the retesting,
      28 cell samples previously found falsely negative by a number of blood centers
      were accurately detected.

PMID- 6429957
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of anterior cartilaginous nodes of the lumbar vertebra
      bodies].

PMID- 6429958
TI  - [Indications and methods of megavolt therapy in prostatic cancer--evaluation of
      98 cases].
AB  - A report is given on 98 unselected cases of carcinoma of the prostate, treated at
      the University Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology of Vienna from January
      1974 till December 1979. 85% of the patients were over 60 years old. More than
      the half of them had been subjected to surgery or had undergone hormone therapy
      before starting radiotherapy. Moreover, more than 50% of the patients showed
      advanced disease (stages C or D). Local control was achieved in about 95% of
      cases. Long-term side effects such as irradiation damage to bladder or gut
      occurred in about 5% patients only. Survival rate was 75.5% after 3 years, 66.7%
      after 5 years and 46.7% after 7 years. Recommendations as to the management of
      such an unselected patient group are given. Our modified radiation technique is
      presented.

PMID- 6429959
TI  - Filtrable forms of mycobacteria tuberculosis.
AB  - An experimental investigation was carried out on 133 guinea pigs. It showed that
      the chemotherapy of the destructive pulmonary tuberculosis resulted in the
      culture negativation in the presence of destructive cavities. At the same time,
      manifestations of antigenemia and specific cellular and humoral immunity were
      observed. During repeated biological passages, a reversion of the filtrable forms
      of the tuberculosis agent into the typical bacterial forms took place. That was
      accompanied by an increase of the antigenemia (from passage to passage) and an
      increase of the immunological reactivity. It may be suggested that the filtrable
      forms of the tuberculosis agent have their role in the preservation of the long
      term immunity after the infection or after BCG vaccination. On the other hand,
      the filtrable forms, persisting in the organism, can cause, under favourable
      conditions, by reverting, a reactivation or a relapse of the tuberculosis
      disease.

PMID- 6429960
TI  - [Multiple primary malignant melanomas in psoriasis vulgaris under long-term
      methotrexate therapy].

PMID- 6429961
TI  - Anion-exchange separation for neotropical trypanosomes: a preliminary trial and a
      description of Trypanosoma devei from the tamarin Saguinus midas niger.
AB  - Anion-exchange separation trials using DEAE-cellulose columns were performed with
      blood from two single species of marsupial and edentate, three species of rodent
      and single species of carnivore, primate, cayman and lizard. Trypanosoma cruzi
      was isolated from Didelphis marsupialis, Dasypus novemcinctus and Coendou sp. T.
      (Megatrypanum) devei was isolated from the tamarin Saguinus midas niger and the
      mensural characters of the organism were redescribed. Anion-exchange separation
      was considered to be a valuable procedure for the taxonomist searching for new or
      little-known trypanosomes.

PMID- 6429962
TI  - Babesia bovis: vaccination of cattle against heterologous challenge with
      fractions of lysate from infected erythrocytes.
AB  - The distilled water lysate of erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis was
      separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G200. The void volume fraction or a pool
      of retained fractions which had immunodiffusion activity were injected into two
      groups of five cattle. These were challenged 2 weeks after the final vaccination
      with a heterologous strain of B. bovis. A control group of five cattle was
      similarly challenged. Two of the five control animals died from the challenge,
      whereas none of the vaccinated animals died. There were significant differences
      in parasitaemia and pathophysiological parameters between the vaccinated groups
      and the control group.

PMID- 6429963
TI  - Cancer trends: hyperalimentation of the cancer patient. An interview with Matthew
      J. Lambert 3d, conducted by Gerald Goldstein.

PMID- 6429964
TI  - [Pharmacological compatibility of the antineoplastic drugs ftorafur and 5
      fluorouracil with the psychotropic drugs aminazine and phenazepam (an
      experimental study)].

PMID- 6429965
TI  - [Immunoenzyme analysis in the diagnosis of gonorrhea using the gonozyme test].

PMID- 6429966
TI  - [Characteristics of transformation, stabilization and reversion of L forms of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae and features of their isolation].

PMID- 6429967
TI  - [Protease activity of gonococci in patients with various clinical forms of
      gonorrhea].

PMID- 6429968
TI  - [Effect of sectioning the mammillothalamic tract on neurons of limbic nuclei of
      the thalamus].
AB  - Neuronal activity of n. AV (n = 75) and n. AD (n = 55) of the thalamus was
      recorded extracellularly in unanaesthetized chronic rabbits after complete
      transection of the mammillo -thalamic tract (MTT). Elimination of this powerful
      afferent system produced a surprisingly small effect upon spontaneous and evoked
      neuronal activity. All types of responses were preserved in both nuclei, though
      some increase of multimodal diffuse tonic responses and decrease of more
      specialized phasic and complex on-effects occurred in n. AV. In both nuclei short
      latency responses (less than 14 ms) to auditory stimuli disappeared. The number
      of units with dynamic transformations of responses during repeated stimuli
      application (gradual emergence and shaping of responses, as well as their
      habituation) decreased 2-3-fold in both nuclei. The impulse activity travelling
      in MTT seems to be not critical for limbic nuclei sensory reactivity but
      significant for plasticity of the responses.

PMID- 6429969
TI  - [Supernumerary mammillary bodies--findings in a case of fetal alcohol syndrome].
AB  - A case of fetal alcohol syndrome is described, in which supernumerary corpora
      mamillaria were found and in which the exterior embryonal-cell granular layer of
      the cerebellum showed superficial indentations.

PMID- 6429970
TI  - [Indications and results of functional treatment of vertebral fractures].

PMID- 6429971
TI  - [Acute care of open frontobasal injuries--primary and late results].

PMID- 6429972
TI  - [Early post-traumatic epilepsy].

PMID- 6429973
TI  - [Pancreas injuries following blunt abdominal trauma].

PMID- 6429974
TI  - [Complex dorsal bilateral hip dislocation in polytrauma, neurolysis in sciatic
      nerve paralysis].

PMID- 6429975
TI  - [Soft tissue injuries with high invalidism].

PMID- 6429976
TI  - [Traumatic dislocation of the navicular bone of the hand].

PMID- 6429977
TI  - [Evaluation of the whiplash syndrome in legal accident insurance, in private
      accident insurance and in criminal and legal procedures].

PMID- 6429978
TI  - [Whiplash injury of the cervical spine in the disability evaluation. A medical or
      legal problem?].

PMID- 6429979
TI  - Pathogenesis and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in fertile hens' eggs.
AB  - The LD50 for 15-day old chicken embryos inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes
      into the allantoic sac was determined. The growth cycle of the organism was
      investigated in different tissues and fluids derived from embryonated eggs
      following inoculation with a suspension of L. monocytogenes equivalent to the
      LD50. Eggs receiving doses of 100 and 1000 times the LD50 were used to examine
      the effect of high doses on the pathogenesis and growth of Listeria in ovo. The
      pattern of growth of the organism in embryonic blood showed two distinct peaks
      and correlated with these was the development of large and small pock lesions on
      the chorioallantoic membrane. Bacterial growth in the internal organs exhibited a
      single peak. Histological and electron microscopic evidence indicated that the
      primary cellular damage was due to a soluble haemolysin present prior to the
      establishment of the organism within the tissues.

PMID- 6429980
TI  - [Effect of Neisseria meningitidis on the humoral response of various strains of
      mice immunized with ram erythrocytes].
AB  - The capacity of heat-killed meningococci and the polysaccharide-protein
      lipopolysaccharide fraction ( PPLF ) isolated from the microbial cell wall for
      changing nonspecific immunological reactivity was studied. In this investigation
      CBA mice with high response and C57BL/6 mice with low response to sheep red blood
      cells (SRBC) were used. Heat-killed N. meningitidis, serogroup A, and PPLF ,
      serogroups A and B, were found to enhance and suppress humoral response to the
      heterologous antigen. The effect of modulation depended on the dose of the
      antigen, the serogroup of meningococci, the scheme of the experiment and the
      strain of mice. The immune response of the vaccinated animals to the heterologous
      antigen was characterized by the following stages: the state of the adjuvant
      effect was replaced by the state of temporary immunodeficiency and then by
      enhanced response to SRBC.

PMID- 6429981
TI  - [Immunotyping of freshly isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - During 1972-1982 the bacteriological study of 1391 patients with thermal burns
      was carried out. As the result of clinico-bacteriological studies, the occurrence
      of P. aeruginosa was found to increase from 39.3% to 70.5% during this period.
      The immunotyping of P. aeruginosa cultures isolated in 3 burn-treatment centers
      showed that strains belonging to immunotypes 2, 3, 7 and 3/7 were most frequently
      isolated from burn wounds. These strains were found to be the cause of hospital
      infections in burn-treatment hospitals. In connection with the data thus obtained
      immunological preparations intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of P.
      aeruginosa infection should include P. aeruginosa strains, immunotypes 2, 3, 7
      and 3/7.

PMID- 6429982
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the meningococcus in logarithmic and stationary development
      phases].
AB  - The complex study of Neisseria meningitidis cultures A-208 in the time course of
      their development has disclosed that broth cultures in the logarithmic and
      stationary phases of their development are most valid on account of all their
      biological properties (the specific character of the reaction of agglutination,
      viability, the morphology of colonies and cells in light and electron
      microscopy). The use of scanning electron microscopy has made it possible to
      reveal bubbly endotoxin excretion in N. meningitidis and funnel-shaped
      depressions on their surface corresponding, probably, to nucleoid epicenters . In
      ultrathin sections some previously unknown features of the ultrastructure of N.
      meningitidis in the logarithmic and stationary phase of their development have
      been detected: (a) the morphological heterogeneity of N. meningitidis represented
      by cells of the "light" (L) and "dark" (D) types; (b) the surface structures of
      meningococcal cells from the cultures in the stationary phase of development show
      the tendency to smoothing out, which is accompanied by their sharper
      differentiation.

PMID- 6429983
TI  - [Nature of the interaction of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with the surface
      structures of epithelial cells].
AB  - The use of scanning electron microscopy has made it possible to reveal the
      character of changes in the topography of cell surface at different periods after
      the inoculation of CHO cells with enteropathogenic Escherichia. The process of
      the adhesion of the strains under study to the surface of epithelial cells in the
      in vitro system has been found to consist of two phases. The second phase of
      adhesion is characterized by the appearance of specific structures, ruffles, on
      the surface of the cells.

PMID- 6429984
TI  - [Suppurative bacterial meningitis and the outlook for specific prevention].

PMID- 6429985
TI  - [Use of paper indicator systems for the rapid identification of Corynebacterium
      diphtheriae, Neisseria meningitidis and the genus Staphylococcus].
AB  - The possibility of using paper indicator discs with glucose, saccharose, lactose
      and urea, manufactured at the Gorky Research Institute of Epidemiology and
      Microbiology, has been studied and the methods for the preparation of indicator
      discs with fructose, maltose, starch and sodium phenolphthalein-phosphate for the
      biochemical identification of C. diphtheriae, N. meningitidis and staphylococci
      have been proposed. The study of 395 C. diphtheriae strains, 98 N. meningitidis
      strains and 328 staphylococcal strains has shown that paper indicator systems are
      highly sensitive and specific, which makes it possible to recommend their
      introduction in laboratory practice for the rapid identification of the above
      mentioned organisms.

PMID- 6429986
TI  - [Multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the organs of mice with a single
      exposure to cyclophosphamide].
AB  - The injection of cyclophosphamide, used as an immunomodulating agent in a dose of
      100 mg/kg, into mice infected with M. tuberculosis induced an increase (a
      virulent culture) or a decrease (a culture with low virulence) in the
      multiplication of mycobacteria in the spleen. In mice infected with a virulent
      culture and protected from infection with streptomycin for 1 week
      cyclophosphamide induced a considerable decrease in the number of viable
      mycobacteria in the lungs by days 18-20 after infection.

PMID- 6429987
TI  - [Effect of glymarite on intracranial pressure in the postoperative period of
      severe craniocerebral injuries and hemorrhagic strokes].
AB  - The authors analyse the results of studying intracranial (subdural) pressure
      during and after glymarite (a solution of glycerin and mannitol) injection in
      patients who were subjected to operations for intracranial hematomas and
      aneurysms of the brain. Forty patients were examined. It was found that the
      features of the intracranial pressure dynamics were determined by the initial
      pressure values and by the type of the pathologic condition. The hypotensive
      effect of glymarite was obvious and was manifested from the 8-10th minute after
      the beginning of the injection. Maximum reduction of the pressure occurred
      approximately one hour after the injection and was 20-60% of the initial value.

PMID- 6429988
TI  - Somatomedin A increments are diminished in acromegaly with concomitant
      hyperprolactinaemia.
AB  - The influence of prolactin (Prl) on growth hormone (GH) regulated somatomedin A
      (SMA) levels was studied in 30 patients with acromegaly before and after
      transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Pre-operative GH levels were elevated in all
      patients and SMA levels in all but one patient. Eleven patients (33%) showed
      hyperprolactinaemia. There was no correlation between GH and SMA levels. Plasma
      GH did not differ in patients with GH and Prl producing adenomas compared to
      those with isolated GH hypersecretion. SMA levels, however, were significantly
      lower in patients with hyperprolactinaemia than in those with normal serum
      prolactin (P less than 0.001). After surgery GH decreased in all and SMA levels
      in all but one patient. Despite similar post-operative GH levels SMA decreased to
      significantly lower levels in patients with combined hypersecretion of GH and Prl
      compared to patients with normal prolactin levels (P less than 0.05). Nine of the
      11 patients with hyperprolactinaemia showed normal Prl after surgery. The SMA
      levels in patients with acromegaly seem to be suppressed in patients with pre
      operatively concomitant hyperprolactinaemia before as well as after adenomectomy
      regardless of the normalization of Prl. Our findings offer one explanation of the
      lack of correlation between SMA and GH levels in acromegaly.

PMID- 6429989
TI  - The effects of dopaminergic blockade on serum TSH and prolactin levels in
      thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - In the first part of this study, we have demonstrated that, in 7 patients with
      untreated thyrotoxicosis, a 7 day regime of the long acting dopamine antagonist
      metoclopramide (10 mg orally 8 hourly) produces more adequate dopaminergic
      blockade at pituitary level than a single oral 10 mg dose of the compound as
      assessed by serum prolactin responses. Subsequently, we have employed this
      protracted oral metoclopramide regime to evaluate the contribution of
      dopaminergic tone to the abnormal TSH and prolactin responsiveness of
      thyrotoxicosis. Serum TSH and prolactin responses to iv TRH (200 micrograms) were
      measured in 10 untreated thyrotoxic patients before and after a 7 day period of
      metoclopramide 10 mg orally 8 hourly. Ten euthyroid individuals were studied in
      similar fashion, their serum samples being analysed for prolactin levels alone,
      thus providing a control group for prolactin responsiveness to TRH, before and
      after metoclopramide. In the thyrotoxic patients basal TSH levels did not change
      as a consequence of metoclopramide therapy and the TSH response to TRH remained
      flat. Basal prolactin levels were similar in thyrotoxic and euthyroid individuals
      and the increase in prolactin, seen in both groups after metoclopramide, was
      smaller in the thyrotoxic group than in the euthyroid group. Prolactin
      responsiveness to TRH was significantly impaired in the thyrotoxic subjects as
      compared to euthyroid subjects. After metoclopramide there was a significant
      decline in prolactin responsiveness in the euthyroid group, and a similar, though
      insignificant, trend in the thyrotoxic patients. We conclude that in
      thyrotoxicosis dopaminergic tone plays no major part in the suppression of TSH
      levels, nor in the impaired prolactin responsiveness to TRH.

PMID- 6429990
TI  - Effects of chronic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment on
      dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the stumptailed macaque.
AB  - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a disorder which presents problems for
      effective treatment and management. We have utilized the ability of chronic LRH
      agonist treatment to suppress ovarian steroid production to examine its effects
      on stumptailed macaques with a detailed history of excessive days of menstrual
      bleeding. Five monkeys were treated for 6 months with daily injections of D
      Ser[But]6 LRH (1-9) nonapeptide-ethylamide. This was successful in suppressing
      ovarian steroid production in all monkeys as indicated by the maintenance of
      serum concentrations of oestradiol at less than 100 pg/ml and progesterone at
      less than 1 ng/ml. All monkeys menstruated for their typical time period during
      the first treatment cycle, but thereafter bleeding stopped in 2 monkeys and was
      considerably reduced in a further 2. In the remaining monkey, no significant
      improvement occurred. The results indicate that suppression of ovarian function
      in this way may have a significant role to play in the treatment of dysfunctional
      uterine bleeding.

PMID- 6429991
TI  - Prl, TSH, FSH, beta-hCG and oestriol responses to repetitive (triple) LRH/TRH
      administration in the third trimester of human pregnancy.
AB  - The effects of repetitive administration of 50 micrograms of LRH and 100
      micrograms of TRH in a single bolus at 0, 90 and 180 min on Prl, TSH, FSH, beta
      hCG and oestriol were tested in 11 healthy pregnant women in their third
      trimester of pregnancy. Basal hormonal levels were in agreement with previous
      reports. The Prl and TSH peaks after each injection of LRH/TRH were similar for
      each hormone. No significant changes in serum FSH, beta-hCG and oestriol were
      detected after repetitive administration of LRH/TRH. Thus, the responsiveness of
      lactotroph and thyrotroph cells to pulsatile stimulation with LRH/TRH is not
      altered during the last trimester of pregnancy, and FSH, beta-hCG and oestriol
      levels remain constant during the period of sampling.

PMID- 6429992
TI  - Gonadotropin levels in mothers who have had two sets of DZ twins.
AB  - Serum gonadotropin, estradiol, prolactin and alpha-1-antitrypsin levels were
      measured in the first four days of the menstrual cycle in 14 women who were
      cycling normally. FSH, and to a lesser extent LH levels, were significantly
      higher in a group of 8 women who had at least one set of DZ twins (6 of whom had
      2 sets) than in a control group of 6 women with no DZ twins. Estradiol levels
      also tended to be higher in mothers of twins but there were no significant
      differences in prolactin or alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations. There were no
      differences between the means of the two groups in age, height, weight or number
      of pregnancies.

PMID- 6429993
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus developing malignant lymphoma with monoclonal IgM:
      case report.

PMID- 6429994
TI  - Serum cobalamin concentration in sickle cell disease (HbSS).
AB  - The serum cobalamin, serum folate, erythrocyte folate concentrations and total
      leucocyte and neutrophil counts have been studied in sickle cell children (with
      HbSS) during the steady state. There was a significant reduction in serum
      cobalamin concentration with significant increases in both the total leucocyte
      count and neutrophil differential. A relationship was also observed between the
      serum cobalamin and erythrocyte folate. The lowest erythrocyte folate levels were
      observed in patients with the lowest serum cobalamin concentration. These
      abnormalities are discussed in relation to the possible role of cobalamin in the
      synthesis of erythrocyte folate polyglutamate and possible immunological role of
      cobalamin among these children. These results lend support to the view that daily
      cobalamin supplementation along with folate (which is being given) may prove
      beneficial to the sickle cell patients as it may lower the frequency and severity
      of infections.

PMID- 6429995
TI  - An acquired inhibitor of factor XIII with a qualitative abnormality of fibrin
      cross-linking.
AB  - A patient with an acquired inhibitor to factor XIII is reported. The patient's
      plasma produced a profound inhibition of factor XIII activity in normal plasma
      measured by a dansylcadaverine casein assay and stimulated a very abnormal
      pattern of fibrin cross-linking, not normally seen with factor XIII. Partial
      characterisation of the inhibitor suggests that it is heat stable and not an
      immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6429996
TI  - Unusual phenotype (Leu 7+, OKT4+, OKM1+) expressed by cells from a patient with
      an abnormal expansion of granular lymphocytes.
AB  - We report the case of a 70-year-old female with a lymphocytosis which was
      casually detected during a routine examination. Immunological studies revealed
      the expansion of granular lymphocytes (GL) with the following, previously
      undescribed phenotype: Leu 7+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKM1+. These cells were
      tested for their functional activities and found to exert neither helper nor
      suppressor functions in in vitro tests. Cytotoxic activities demonstrated a
      strong ADCC and a markedly reduced NK function. 1 year later the clinical course
      has remained good without any treatment and we suggest that this case should be
      classified as an abnormal expansion of GL, despite the OKT4 positivity of the
      cells. Our data point out the importance of a careful immunological study of
      cells from these rare patients and suggest the existence of a normal GL
      population expressing the OKT4 phenotype, which is possibly expanded in this
      patient.

PMID- 6429997
TI  - Levamisole in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a prospective study of 15 patients.
AB  - Several haematological and immunological parameters were studied before and after
      a 4-week trial of oral levamisole (300 mg/week) in 15 patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia. We found no statistically significant difference in the
      mean peripheral blood counts of total lymphocytes, E-rosette-forming lymphocytes,
      monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets. Mean serum
      levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, C3 and C4 were not statistically affected by
      levamisole nor was the mean lymphocyte stimulation modified by various mitogens
      (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, tuberculin, candidin).
      The mean IgE level was statistically increased (p less than 0.05) after
      levamisole administration but remained below the normal upper limit. A high rate
      (46%) of clinical and haematological adverse reactions (1 patient developed
      thrombocytopenia) was associated with levamisole administration. These results
      suggest that levamisole, as given in this trial, has no obvious beneficial effect
      and cannot be recommended in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 6429998
TI  - Lymphocyte populations and T cell subpopulations in blood of patients with non
      Hodgkin lymphomas.
AB  - Lymphocytic populations and T cell subsets were studied in the blood of patients
      with nonleukemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A statistically significant decrease of
      both the T lymphocytes and the OKT4-, OKT8-binding cells was detected in low
      grade malignant lymphomas (LGML). A significant decrease of the T cell population
      and of the OKT4-binding cells was also found in high-grade malignant lymphomas
      (HGML); in these, the OKT8-binding cells were not lowered. The amount of the
      circulating B lymphocytes was not found to be altered both in HGML and in LGML.

PMID- 6429999
TI  - Ultrastructure of human eosinophils genetically lacking peroxidase.
AB  - The structure of human eosinophils genetically lacking peroxidase is described.
      Structural changes were discerned in the specific granules of the deficient
      eosinophils as compared to normal eosinophils. Apart from the inhibition of
      peroxidase formation, this mutation also affects the structure of the specific
      granules - primarily the interrelationship between the matrix and the core.

PMID- 6430000
TI  - Red blood cell hexokinase in Fanconi's anemia.
AB  - The activity of ten red blood cell enzymes, including hexokinase, has been
      measured in 6 Fanconi's anemia patients. In disagreement with previous reports,
      in no instance were reduced or increased hexokinase levels found. Furthermore,
      the hexokinase isozymic pattern, thermostability, pH dependence of activity and
      kinetic properties were also in the normal range.

PMID- 6430001
TI  - Therapy of Waldenstrom's benign hypergammaglobulinaemia by regular
      plasmapheresis.
AB  - A patient with a 20-year history of Waldenstrom's hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura
      has over that time developed increasingly troublesome clinical symptoms of
      purpura and joint swelling, associated with a progressive increase in the level
      of polyclonal IgG. These symptoms have been controlled by the use of a regular
      plasmapheresis regime and associated with a reduction in IgG levels.

PMID- 6430002
TI  - Acute thrombocytopenia following ingestion of indomethacin.
AB  - A case of acute thrombocytopenia with shortened platelet survival following
      ingestion of indomethacin is reported. Drug history and absence of infection
      exclude both the role of other agents and an acute episode of idiopathic
      thrombocytopenia. The patient exhibited a poor response to immunosuppressive
      treatment and a slow resolution of the thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6430003
TI  - Pancoast's syndrome in multiple myeloma.
AB  - A 74-year-old patient developed IgG multiple myeloma. 7 months later a right
      Pancoast's syndrome was observed. Computerized tomography established the
      extrapleural origin of the tumor. Fine needle aspiration revealed pathological
      plasma cells. Partial reduction of plasmacytoma was noted following radiotherapy,
      but the patient succumbed to pneumonia. Autopsy confirmed that a plasmacytoma
      caused the Pancoast's syndrome. The importance of early diagnosis and accurate
      therapy of this rare manifestation of multiple myeloma is discussed.

PMID- 6430004
TI  - In vitro colony-forming cells in embryonic mouse liver, spleen and peripheral
      blood.
AB  - The number of in vitro colony-forming cells (CFC) was examined in embryonic
      livers, spleens, and peripheral blood of C57B1/6J mice from the 12th to the 19th
      day of gestation. Peaks of CFC in the liver and spleen were noted on days 13, and
      15, respectively, whereas the number of CFC in the peripheral blood remained
      almost constant. The possibility that CFC in the embryonic mouse are produced
      both in the yolk sac and in other hemopoietic sites is discussed.

PMID- 6430005
TI  - Plasma cell leukaemia relapsing in the dermis.

PMID- 6430006
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen measurement during one-lung anaesthesia.
AB  - The value of continuous transcutaneous oxygen tension (Ptco2) monitoring was
      assessed during the rapidly changing conditions of oxygenation associated with
      the commencement of one-lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery. In ten
      patients anaesthetized with enflurane-N2O (Fio2 0.5), Pao2, Ptco2, cardiac output
      and arterial pressure were measured first during two-lung ventilation (TLV) and
      thereafter at frequent intervals during OLV. These variables remained stable
      during TLV. The mean Pao2 dropped from 24.9 kPa to 11.4 kPa during the first 10
      min of OLV. The accompanying decrease in Ptco2 was slower, the mean Ptco2 being
      1.3-2.1 kPa higher than Pao2. Ptco2 correlated well with Pao2 during OLV (r =
      0.907). The elevated Ptco2 index (Ptco2/Pao2) may be partly due to the delayed
      response of the Ptco2-detection system in vivo. It is concluded that
      transcutaneous oxygen monitoring may be used to assess oxygenation in those cases
      where arterial cannulation is not feasible or if the laboratory conditions cause
      an undue delay between blood sampling and obtaining the blood-gas data.

PMID- 6430007
TI  - Differential ventilation and selective PEEP during anaesthesia in the lateral
      decubitus posture.
AB  - The potential of differential ventilation (DV) with selective positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been tested versus conventional ventilation with
      and without general PEEP. Gas exchange and central haemodynamics were studied in
      15 subjects with no clinical or radiological signs of pulmonary disease. The
      rationale of the method was to ensure ventilation of the well-perfused dependent
      lung and to counteract airway closure within that lung. The subjects were
      intubated with a double-lumen catheter prior to scheduled abdominal surgery.
      During general anaesthesia in the lateral posture, they were given DV. The mean
      inspired oxygen fraction was 0.32. Fifty per cent ("even" tidal volume (VT)
      distribution) or 70% ("inverted" VT distribution) of the inspired volume was
      administered to the dependent lung. Two synchronized ventilators were used. In
      eight subjects DV was also combined with PEEP applied solely to the dependent
      lung (selective PEEP). The major findings were that DV with even VT distribution
      reduced venous admixture by 26% (P less than 0.05) and the alveolo-arterial
      oxygen tension gradient (P(A-a)o2) by 30% (P less than 0.05) in comparison with
      conventional ventilation in the lateral position. The addition of selective PEEP
      further reduced the P(A-a)o2 by 13%. P(A-a)o2 was consequently 43% lower than
      during conventional ventilation without PEEP in the lateral posture (P less than
      0.01). Selective PEEP also had less impact on cardiac output than general PEEP (P
      less than 0.05). It is concluded that DV with even distribution of VT and
      selective PEEP can reduce the P(A-a)o2 in anaesthetized lung-healthy subjects in
      the lateral position.

PMID- 6430008
TI  - Alfentanil and skeletal muscle circulation, oxygen consumption and P50.
AB  - The preservation of blood flow to skeletal muscles has low priority in the intact
      organism. If cardiovascular function is disturbed, for example by anesthetic
      drugs, skeletal muscle circulation diminishes or stops. Skeletal muscle surface
      pH (m-pH) is a sensitive indicator of muscle cell oxygenation and a fall in m-pH
      therefore provides an early warning of deterioration in overall cardiovascular
      performance. In the present study we investigated the peripheral effects of a new
      short-acting fentanyl derivative, alfentanil. Twelve dogs were anesthetized with
      a bolus injection of alfentanil 0.16 mg . kg-1 i.v. M-pH was recorded
      continuously, while total body oxygen consumption, oxygen transport and P50 were
      calculated. No changes were found. In the second part of the study, we pretreated
      six of the dogs with the "calcium antagonist" verapamil 0.5 mg X kg-1, while the
      other six dogs served as controls. After a rechallenge dose of alfentanil, we
      again found the peripheral perfusion sufficient to meet the oxygen demand of the
      muscles. Side-effects to alfentanil were a decrease in Pao2, due to an increase
      in pulmonary shunting of venous blood, and an increase in PaCO2. The changes in
      pulmonary ventilation-perfusion relationships were, however, not of a magnitude
      that should cause concern when alfentanil is used in normal subjects.

PMID- 6430009
TI  - The influence of anticoagulation on acid-base status and blood-gas analysis.
AB  - The results of acid-base status and blood-gas analysis can be influenced
      massively by incorrect sampling. We found that the addition of heparin has no
      great effect on blood-gas measurement. Citric acid and fluoride can also be
      admixed to blood samples in the usual concentrations without severe side-effects.
      The major error in the determination of blood gases and acid-base status is a
      consequence of even minimal dilution: filling the deadspace of a syringe with any
      diluent leads to unacceptable results. Hence, we conclude that blood specimens
      for determination of blood gases and acid-base status should be taken in
      specially prepared syringes containing the anticoagulant in the form of a dry
      substance. We think that citric acid is also acceptable for anticoagulation.
      Fluoride should be added in order to minimize alterations of pH due to anaerobic
      glycolysis.

PMID- 6430010
TI  - Cardiorespiratory effects of nalbuphine and morphine premedication in adult
      cardiac surgical patients.
AB  - Premedication for cardiac surgical patients attempts to achieve relief of anxiety
      with minimal or no cardiorespiratory changes. Nalbuphine (NUBAIN) and morphine
      produced similar decreases in respiratory rate (1-3 breaths per min) and PaO2
      (averaging 1.34 kPa), and increases in arterial PaCO2 (averaging 0.56 kPa).
      Cardiovascular changes were not seen with either agent. A similar degree of
      sedation and relief of anxiety was achieved with both drugs. Side effects were
      minimal and infrequent. Nalbuphine produces respiratory depression and sedation
      without cardiovascular changes which is comparable to an equivalent dose of
      morphine in patients with either valvular or coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6430011
TI  - Failure of large tidal volumes to improve oxygen availability during anaesthesia.
AB  - Eight patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery were ventilated with small
      (5.3 ml/kg) and large (16.3 ml/kg) tidal volumes at a constant respiratory rate.
      Carbon dioxide was added to the inspired gases to maintain normal end-tidal
      levels. The use of large tidal volumes resulted in a significant increase in
      arterial oxygen tension and content, but, due to a reduction in cardiac output,
      failed to improve oxygen availability.

PMID- 6430012
TI  - Enzyme-enzyme interactions within human erythrocytes as suggested from prelytic
      release.
AB  - The molecular sieving property of human erythrocyte membrane in slightly
      hypotonic media has been utilized for studying the intracellular localization of
      some proteins (Cseke et al., 1978, FEBS Lett. 96 15-18). It is now shown that
      four proteins which appear to be uniformly distributed within the cell behave
      similarly irrespective of the membrane resistance differences caused by changes
      of temperature and metabolic energy supply. Five enzymes catalyzing consecutive
      reactions in the glycolytic pathway between triosephosphate formation and lactate
      production are released from erythrocytes in quantities deviating from those
      predicted on the basis of molecular sieving. The data are compatible with the
      assumption that these enzymes form complexes with each other under in vivo
      conditions and that complex formation is facilitated if glycolysis is working at
      high rate (37 degrees C).

PMID- 6430013
TI  - Identification of a fluorescent dye-containing peptide of glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The NAD-induced local conformational changes in the fluorescent dye-binding
      region of muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied (Ovadi et
      al., 1982). We have isolated a dominant peptide containing the fluorescent dye
      from the tryptic digest of labelled dehydrogenase, and identified this labelled
      amino acid residue. The data indicate that fluorescein isothiocyanate can react
      rather specifically with tyrosyl residue 91, which is not associated with the
      catalytic function of the enzyme. Tyrosyl-91 modified by the fluorescent dye does
      not interact directly with any part of the NAD bound at the active site of
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6430014
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nuclear hnRNP complexes from Drosophila
      melanogaster tissue culture cells.
AB  - Fractionation on sucrose gradients of nuclear described extracts prepared from
      cultured Drosophila melanogaster cells by sonication of the nuclei in the
      presence of rat liver cytosol RNAase inhibitor revealed a complex polysome-like
      pattern of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes. The bulk of these heterogeneous
      ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes sedimented in the 30S to 80S zone of the
      sucrose gradient. According to biochemical and morphological data, the monomer
      particle proved to be the 45S hnRNP and its average diameter was found by
      electron microscopy to be 24-26 nm. The buoyant density of both the mono and
      polyparticles was about 1.4 g/cm3, with a slight degree of heterogeneity. The
      proteins from different zones of the sucrose gradient were composed primarily of
      similar polypeptides of 47 000, 56 000, 64 000, 96 000 and 130 000 daltons.
      Complete dissociation of nuclear hnRNP complexes was observed by resedimentation
      of the particles in the presence of 0.7 M NaCl or 4 M urea. RNAase A digestion
      (0.1 microgram/ml at 0 degree C for 10 min) resulted in the solubilization of
      part of the hnRNP and aggregation of some particles. The bulk of the RNA isolated
      from the different sized hnRNP complexes sedimented in the 7 to 11S region in the
      sucrose gradient. The large hnRNP complexes contained hnRNA strands larger than
      15S, up to 28S. The base composition of the RNA from the 45S monoparticles proved
      to be AU type: A + U/G + C = 1.7. The RNAs from the 60-75S and 90- 100S
      polyparticles were also AU type, with an A + U/G + C ratio of 1.46 and 1.21,
      respectively. The hnRNP complexes exhibited marked heterogeneity in the electron
      microscope. Our biochemical and morphological observation point to a nonrandom
      organization of hnRNP particles in Drosophila melanogaster nuclei.

PMID- 6430015
TI  - Diagnostic experience in two cases of legionellosis.
AB  - Sera of 30 patients with atypical pneumonia were tested for antibodies against
      the representative strains of Legionella pneumophila 1-6 serogroups and 4 species
      of legionella-like organisms. Investigations were carried out with indirect
      immunofluorescence assay. The sera of 2 patients gave a titre of 2048 and 1024
      with serogroup 5 and 4, respectively. The high antilegionella IgM titres were
      indicative of recent infections. Legionellae were not detected in transtracheal
      aspirate and in autopsy material.

PMID- 6430016
TI  - Comparison of passive haemagglutination and radial immunodiffusion for C-reactive
      protein measurement.
AB  - Passive haemagglutination technique for C-reactive protein measurement using a
      commercially available C-polysaccharide and single radial immunodiffusion showed
      a close correlation. The haemagglutination method is very convenient to both
      routine clinical laboratories and experimental research.

PMID- 6430017
TI  - The effects of carbamazepine and valproate on folate metabolism in man.
AB  - The effect of carbamazepine and valproate treatment on folate metabolism was
      studied in 11 epileptic patients. The absorption of folic acid and of Pteroyl
      gamma-L-glutamyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid, a synthetic substrate for
      intestinal folate deconjugase , was measured prior to and after 2 months of
      antiepileptic therapy with either carbamazepine (5 cases) or valproate (6 cases).
      After 2 months' treatment, the area under plasma concentration versus time curve
      was significantly decreased and t-max (time when maximal plasma concentration is
      obtained) was significantly prolonged. No inhibition of intestinal folate
      deconjugation was observed and the liver metabolism of folic acid was found to be
      unaffected by the treatment. These findings are interpreted as an inhibition of
      intestinal folic acid absorption caused by the antiepileptic therapy.

PMID- 6430018
TI  - Effects of intravenous progesterone infusions on the epileptic discharge
      frequency in women with partial epilepsy.
AB  - Earlier work showed that in a group of women suffering from partial epilepsy,
      there is a decrease in seizure frequency during the luteal phase of the menstrual
      cycle. Moreover, iv progesterone infusions decrease the discharge frequency from
      penicillin epileptic foci in cats, when given in doses that reach plasma
      concentrations as observed during pregnancy. In the present study, iv
      progesterone infusions, reaching plasma concentrations as during the luteal
      phase, were given to 7 women with partial epilepsy. The inclusion criterion was
      that they should have more than one epileptic discharge per 5 min on an ordinary
      EEG . A 6 h EEG-registration was made. Blank and progesterone solutions were
      infused for 2 h respectively and the progesterone infusion was followed by a 2 h
      EEG recording period. 4 of the 7 patients showed a significant decrease in spike
      frequency during the infusion. In the patients not showing this effect, the
      plasma progesterone binding capacity was high. The 2 patients with the most
      marked progesterone effect had low progesterone binding capacity and no
      antiepileptic treatment. Somnolence during the test might also have influenced
      the results in 2 of the patients.

PMID- 6430019
TI  - The effects of various antiepileptic drugs on E-shock-induced amnesia in mice:
      dissociability of effects on convulsions and effects on memory.
AB  - Antiepileptic drugs prevent tonic convulsions induced by cerebral electroshocks.
      The present study investigated whether these drugs can also modulate the amnestic
      effect of the cerebral electroshock. It could be shown that phenytoin,
      ethosuximide, valproinate sodium, phenobarbitone, and clonazepam dose-dependently
      worsened the amnestic effect of electroshock (despite prevention of the
      convulsion). Carbamazepine, in contrast, significantly reduced the amnestic
      effect of the cerebral electroshock even at doses below the threshold for
      anticonvulsant activity.

PMID- 6430020
TI  - Potentiation of the anticonvulsant effects of antiepileptic drugs by
      "nootropics"; a potential new therapeutic approach.

PMID- 6430021
TI  - Summing up of the success so far gained through choice of drugs or combinations
      of drugs.

PMID- 6430022
TI  - CO2-laser treatment of condylomata acuminata.
AB  - Fifty-two consecutive patients with condylomata acuminata were treated with CO2
      laser under general anesthesia. In many of the cases, previous conventional
      treatment had failed. The effectiveness of the treatment was found to be between
      75 and 87%. It caused few complication or complains. Eighty-three percent of the
      patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment. Laser treatment of
      condylomata acuminata is an alternative to conventional treatment in tractable
      cases and in cases where conventional methods are contra-indicated.

PMID- 6430023
TI  - Does glucose administration affect the cerebral response to fetal asphyxia?
AB  - This study was designed to test whether the fetal brain has an increased
      resistance towards asphyxia at high levels of blood-glucose, compared with low
      levels. 35 fetal sheep were exteriorized and investigated under general
      anesthesia. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was estimated with the 133Xenon-washout
      method. Cerebral uptake of oxygen, glucose, and lactate was measured.
      Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded. The fetuses were subjected
      to controlled asphyxia by ventilating the ewes with gas mixtures low in oxygen.
      The blood sugar levels of the fetuses were varied over a four-fold range. During
      normal oxygenation of the fetus variations in the blood glucose concentration
      induced considerable changes in the cerebral glucose uptake, whereas CBF and
      oxygen uptake were unaffected. During asphyxia, hyperglycemia was associated with
      rapid development of acidosis and reduction in cerebral oxygen consumption
      together with deterioration of the neurophysiological characteristics of the
      brain. Far from being beneficial during asphyxia, fetal hyperglycemia appeared to
      reduce the tolerance of the fetal brain towards asphyxia. This report together
      with other evidence provides support for the view that extra glucose might be
      disadvantageous for the asphyxiated fetus.

PMID- 6430024
TI  - Interferon production in children with undue susceptibility to infections.
AB  - The interferon-producing ability of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes
      obtained from children with undue susceptibility to infections was investigated.
      Patients were grouped according to three clinical patterns, i.e. children with
      mainly upper respiratory tract infections, with lower respiratory tract
      infections and with frequent middle ear infections. There was no evidence of
      impaired mean interferon-alpha responses to the inducers Sendai virus and beta
      hemolytic Group G streptococci in patients compared with control children, and
      there were no differences in this respect between the patient subgroups. A
      tendency to increased Concanavalin A-induced interferon-gamma production was seen
      in patients, particularly those with middle ear infections. Leukocytes from
      patients displayed a higher proliferative response to the T cell mitogens
      Concanavalin A and Lens culinaris lectin. In a minority of patients (5/28)
      reproducibly low interferon responses to Sendai virus were found but only one of
      these patients showed a response below the -2 SD limit for the control group. The
      results therefore indicate no major defects in the interferon responses of
      infection-prone children, and at the most suggest that a minority of such
      patients may be low responders to a viral interferon inducer.

PMID- 6430025
TI  - Continuous intravenous infusion of ampicillin and gentamicin during parenteral
      nutrition to 36 newborn infants using a dosage schedule.
AB  - Ampicillin and gentamicin were given continuously i.v. to 36 newborn infants
      using a dosage schedule and the results were compared with those obtained in an
      earlier study including 88 infants who received individually calculated dosages.
      With the dosage schedule the variation in the serum concentrations of antibiotics
      was smaller in the same child throughout the treatment course, but greater
      between the infants. The 95% limits for the serum concentrations of antibiotics
      were, however, nearly the same in the two treatment groups, and the use of a
      dosage schedule is therefore recommended. Serum gentamicin concentration should
      be assayed about 3 half lives (18 hours) after beginning the treatment, and
      dosage adjustment be made if the serum gentamicin concentration is outside 3-5
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6430026
TI  - Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-testicular function in prepubertal boys with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia following chemotherapy and testicular radiotherapy.
AB  - Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-testicular function was studied in twenty-eight
      prepubertal boys with ALL in clinical and haematological remission. Eighteen were
      treated with combined systemic chemotherapy (24-36 months) and the other ten, who
      had testicular leukemic infiltrates, received chemotherapy (38-60 months) and
      testicular radiotherapy (2 000 rad). Plasma levels of LH and FSH were measured
      before and after stimulation with LHRH (100 micrograms i.v.) and plasma levels of
      testosterone before and after stimulation with hCG (1 500 IU/48 h/7 doses). In
      patients treated with chemotherapy alone, mean basal LH and FSH, mean responses
      to LHRH stimulation and mean testosterone levels after stimulation with hCG did
      not significantly differ from those of the controls. Five of these patients who
      had normal testosterone values after three doses of hCG had testosterone values
      below the normal range after seven doses. In patients treated with chemotherapy
      and testicular radiotherapy, mean basal FSH and mean responses to LHRH
      stimulation were significantly higher than those of the controls. Testosterone
      values after stimulation with hCG were low in three and very low in the other
      seven. In both groups of patients data from testicular biopsies were consistent
      with functional results. We conclude that chemotherapy causes slight testicular
      damage, but chemotherapy and testicular radiotherapy produce severe testicular
      damage in patients with testicular leukemic infiltrates.

PMID- 6430027
TI  - Comparison of plasma clearances of polyfructosan and 51Cr-EDTA in children.
AB  - Plasma clearances of polyfructosan and 51Cr-EDTA were determined in 38 children
      with renal diseases and in five healthy children in order to compare the values
      for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) obtained by single injection procedures.
      Both one-compartment (Cr-EDTA-1) and two-compartment (Cr-EDTA-2) analyses were
      made of the isotope decay curve. The children were divided into two age groups:
      (a) 24 children below 6 years, and (b) 19 children between 8 and 16 years of age.
      In both groups Cr-EDTA-1 GFR and Cr-EDTA-2 GFR correlated significantly with
      polyfructosan GFR. The correlation coefficients, however, were somewhat lower in
      the younger (r = 0.74, r = 0.73) than in the older children (r = 0.91, r = 0.93).
      There were no significant differences between simultaneously obtained
      polyfructosan GFR and Cr-EDTA-2 GFR based on paired observations while Cr-EDTA-1
      GFR was somewhat higher (16%) than the simultaneously obtained polyfructosan GFR.
      We conclude that estimates of GFR from polyfructosan and Cr-EDTA clearances based
      on two compartment analyses and single injection procedures are interchangeable.

PMID- 6430028
TI  - Thanatophoric dysplasia.
AB  - Two autopsy cases of thanatophoric dysplasia in male newborn infant are
      described. They have markedly short-limbs and narrow thoraxes. Histologically,
      generalized disruption of endochondral ossification with normal resting cartilage
      was seen at the epiphyseal region of femur. Differential diagnosis from other 3
      types of lethal chondrodysplasia is described and the histogenesis of
      thanatophoric dysplasia is considered with a survey of the literature.

PMID- 6430029
TI  - Primary carcinomas of urinary bladder diverticula.
AB  - Two cases of carcinoma arising from the urinary bladder diverticulum were found
      at autopsy. Both patients had hematuria as a chief complaint and were found to
      have a tumor mass in the bladder on cystoscopic examination. However, owing to
      various difficulties the tumors could not be diagnosed before death. Autopsy
      revealed that the tumors in both cases had arisen within diverticula and had
      grown into the orifice of the diverticula giving the appearance of ordinary
      bladder tumors. Histological examination showed that in Case 1, two carcinomas, a
      keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and a transitional cell carcinoma, had
      developed separately in a diverticulum. This may be the first case report of two
      cancers in a bladder diverticulum. There were no metastases in this case. Case 2
      had an undifferentiated carcinoma with metastases to many organs including the
      lung, liver, and lymph nodes.

PMID- 6430030
TI  - Von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis) associated with malignant
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - An autopsy case of von Recklinghausen's disease (vRD) associated with malignant
      pheochromocytoma is reported. The patient is a 36-year-old Japanese male and
      diagnosed as vRD both clinically and pathologically. He died from right adrenal
      tumor with wide spread metastases to lungs and bone marrow. The tumors presented
      satisfactory histological features in favor of pheochromocytoma and
      neurosecretory granules were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic lesions
      ultrastructurally. Statistical study of 182, 673 autopsy cases from Annuals of
      Japanese Autopsy Cases was also done in order to investigate the relationship
      between vRD and associating tumors including benign and malignant
      pheochromocytoma. Cases with vRD showed significantly higher incidences of
      malignant Schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, intracranial glioma, and
      pheochromocytoma compared to that of non-vRD cases. Other malignancies revealed
      rather smaller incidences than non-vRD cases. These neurogenic tumors are to be
      principal life threatening problems in patients with vRD. Rare incidence of
      malignant pheochromocytoma in vRD is to become from low incidence of
      pheochromocytoma, though significantly greater than that of non-vRD cases.

PMID- 6430031
TI  - An ultrastructural study of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma.
AB  - A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma was studied ultrastructurally,
      cytologically, and cytochemically. This tumor was, as in that of osseous origin,
      composed of densely packed highly undifferentiated blastemic cells and so-called
      "darker cells." The principal tumor cells were undifferentiated cells, which were
      characterized by the scant cytoplasm containing a variable amount of glycogen
      granules, large round or oval nuclei with dispersed chromatin, and rudimentary
      cytoplasmic junctional complexes. Some of the darker cells seemed to show
      somewhat histiocytic differentiation from principal blastemic cells, but the
      others were degenerating. Cytochemically, no tumor cells revealed the presence of
      peroxidase, lysozymes, and Factor VIII-related antigen. It is likely that both
      Ewing's sarcomas of osseous and extraosseous origin are defined as
      undifferentiated sarcoma merely characterized by the presence of glycogen.

PMID- 6430032
TI  - Study of "prostacyclin-like" activity in the rat blood vessel: changes in
      prostacyclin production related to body weight.
AB  - The prostacyclin-producing capacity of various blood vessels was studied using
      platelet aggregation bioassay in rats of different ages. Results showed that -
      the PGI2 producing capacity of arteries was five to tenfold of the respective
      veins; --in the arteries the PGI2 production calculated for unit vascular mass
      declined from the centre to the periphery, despite the relative increase of
      endothelial surface area. This points to the importance of other vascular
      elements in the control of PGI2 production; --the PGI2 forming activity of some
      blood vessels increased with the age up to a limit (300-400 g body weight),
      decreasing thereafter. Based on these results we conclude that major part of PGI2
      in systemic blood originates from the large arteries, whereas the low PGI2
      production of the veins might play a role, among others, in the more frequent
      occurrence of venous thrombosis.

PMID- 6430033
TI  - Ca2+-dependence of 3H-catecholamines release evoked by black widow spider venom
      gland extract in rat hypothalamus, occipital cortex and caudate nucleus.
AB  - The release of 3H-catecholamines evoked by Black Widow spider venom gland extract
      (BW-GE) has been studied in the isolated rat hypothalamus (HT), occipital cortex
      (OC), preloaded with 3H-noradrenaline, and isolated caudate nucleus (CN)
      preloaded with 3H-dopamine. The BWGE at a concentration of 0.04 gland/ml
      increased significantly 3H-output in isolated slices of rat HT, OC and CN. This
      effect was markedly depressed when control calcium concentration in the medium
      (1.68 mM) was reduced (0-0.56 mM) or enhanced (3 mM), as well as in the presence
      of an organic Ca2+ antagonist, verapamil (10 microM), or ionophore A 23187 (40
      microM), a substance that increases the influx of calcium into the cell. Morphine
      (up to 0.4 mM) evoked no effect upon 3H-noradrenaline release induced by BWGE.
      Morphine (10 microM), but not ionophore A 23187 or high Ca2+ (3 mM), reduced 3H
      noradrenaline release induced by 20 mM K+. Low Ca2+ and verapamil produced
      similar effects than those observed for BWGE. Our results demonstrate differences
      between BWGE and potassium stimuli, and indicate that BWGE releases 3H
      catecholamines by a calcium dependent process.

PMID- 6430034
TI  - Effect of glibenclamide on the osmotic resistance of pancreatic beta-cells.
AB  - The effect of glibenclamide on the osmotic resistance of beta-cells was measured
      using isolated beta-cells from ob/ob-mice. The beta-cells were incubated at
      different osmolarity and the diameters of the approximately spherical beta-cells
      were measured at 22 degrees C or at 37 degrees C with the aid of a screw
      micrometer eyepiece fitted to a light microscope. A near linear decrease of beta
      cell diameter was found with increasing osmolarity (111-617 mosm/l). Control
      experiments showed that the membrane stabilizers, imipramine (0.1 mmol/l) or
      tetracaine (1 mmol/l), strongly reduced the osmotic swelling induced by low
      osmolarity (180 mosm/l). Glibenclamide (0.001 or 0.2 mmol/l) did not affect the
      beta-cell diameter at normal osmolarity (317 mosm/l) but reduced the swelling
      induced by hypoosmolarity (180 mosm/l) and the shrinking induced by
      hyperosmolarity (617 mosm/l). It is suggested that glibenclamide increases the
      osmotic resistance of isolated beta-cells by changing transmembrane flow of ions.

PMID- 6430035
TI  - Further evidence for a glucose-activated secretory mechanism in the jejunum of
      the cat.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to further test the hypothesis of a glucose
      induced secretory mechanism in the jejunum of the cat (Sj ovall et al. 1983 b).
      The experimental design was based on the sodium dependence of active glucose
      uptake from the intestinal lumen. The rate of glucose uptake from a sodium-free
      and a sodium-containing perfusate was compared and we also investigated the
      effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation (SNS) on glucose absorption. The results
      revealed no difference in "resting" glucose uptake between the two groups.
      Glucose uptake from the sodium-free solution decreased on SNS whereas no such
      effect was seen in the sodium-containing segments. These findings can be
      explained by an SNS evoked inhibition of the glucose induced secretion of sodium
      from the crypts, which will be rate limiting for glucose uptake when no sodium is
      present in the perfusate. The findings are thus consistent with the concept of a
      glucose activated sodium secretion. Data are also presented which indicate that
      this secretory response is mediated by the enteric nervous system.

PMID- 6430036
TI  - Stimulation of mucosal bicarbonate secretion in rat duodenum in vivo by BW755C.
AB  - Bicarbonate secretion from 12 mm segments of duodenum just distal to the
      Brunner's gland area was titrated (pH 7.60) in situ in anesthetized rats.
      Intravenous BW755C (10-20 mg/kg) increased both bicarbonate secretion and the
      transmucosal electrical potential difference and pretreatment with indomethacin
      (3 mg/kg intravenously) prevented these effects. Indomethacin also inhibited
      stimulation of HCO3- secretion by luminal acid (10 mM HCl) but had no effect on
      the rise in secretion in response to exogenous (luminal) prostaglandin E2. The
      results support previous suggestions of a role for endogenous prostaglandins in
      mediation of the HCO3- response to acid and are consistent with the recent
      demonstration that BW755C increased prostaglandin formation in homogenates of rat
      intestinal mucosa. Stimulation of HCO3- secretion by BW755C was not enhanced but
      attenuated by preexposure to luminal acid, suggesting that the latter increases
      secretion by effects other than mucosal mobilization of arachidonate.

PMID- 6430037
TI  - Effect of sulfonylurea on glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses to a meal
      stimulus in a patient with type 2 diabetes and liver disease.
AB  - The influence of two sulfonylureas on blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) and C-peptide responses to a standardized meal was investigated in
      a patient with type 2 diabetes and a liver disease with enhanced peripheral
      levels of liver enzymes. The very high fasting values of plasma IRI and C-peptide
      were further elevated by the meal. This response to the meal was markedly
      enhanced by both sulfonylureas, glipizide and glibenclamide. The blood glucose
      increment after the meal was diminished by sulfonylureas. Sulfonylureas thus seem
      to have beneficial effects in this diabetic patient, who had a liver disease and
      markedly elevated basal levels of plasma IRI and C-peptide concentrations.

PMID- 6430038
TI  - Drug utilization and morbidity statistics for the evaluation of drug safety in
      Sweden.
AB  - For a continuous monitoring and evaluation of drug safety problems in Sweden, the
      Department of Drugs of the National Board of Health and Welfare has access to a
      number of computerised patient-, drug-, and disease-oriented registers. The
      usefulness and limitations of these registers are presented by examples. A recent
      increase in asthma deaths is presently being analysed by comparing information
      from death certificates and case records with drug sales and prescription data. A
      recent analysis of the cancer register showed no increased risk of malignant
      thyroid tumors after diagnostic or therapeutic doses of I 131. Similarly no
      increased risk of malformations after occupational exposure to hexachlorophene
      could be detected by analysing the malformation and medical birth-record
      registers in relation to hospital hexachlorophene use. The register of patient
      discharge diagnoses has been repeatedly used to analyse the incidence and pattern
      of drug induced blood dyscrasias and thromboembolism associated with oral
      contraceptives (OC). These analyses have resulted i.a. in the withdrawal of
      dipyrone and tenalidine and a decrease of the estrogen-content of OCs. At the
      same time about 1/3 of these serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) was found to
      have been reported to the ADR-register. By combining sales and prescription data
      with ADR-reports the risk of inducing lactic acidosis was found to be
      significantly higher for phenformin than for metformin. Also the incidence of
      tardive dyskinesia from longterm use of metoclopramide was found to be much
      higher than hitherto recognized. By use of these registers it is possible to
      obtain valuable information about the safety of drugs. The raw data must,
      however, be interpreted with care and often be supplemented with in depth studies
      of the various problems.

PMID- 6430039
TI  - Evaluation of anterior pituitary function in adult patients with
      craniopharyngiomas.
AB  - Serum LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, GH and cortisol levels were measured in 10 patients with
      a craniopharyngioma both before and after a combined insulin-induced
      hypoglycaemia, GnRH and TRH test. In pre-operative studies, only two patients did
      not show hormonal abnormalities, while eight patients had deficiencies of one or
      more hormones. The most frequent abnormality was GH deficiency (six cases),
      followed by gonadotropin (four cases), cortisol (four cases), and TSH (one case),
      whereas four patients showed high serum PRL values. In post-surgical studies, a
      significant improvement of pituitary function was observed in two cases, whereas
      an impairment of previously normal corticotropin reserve was recorded in another
      case. The data obtained suggest that endocrine abnormalities in patients with
      craniopharyngiomas are irreversible in most cases.

PMID- 6430040
TI  - [Test of collagen gel for the obturation of pulpless premolars in the child].

PMID- 6430041
TI  - Change in fixed-charge in the thick filament lattice of Limulus striated muscle
      with sarcomere shortening.
AB  - A highly significant increase in fixed-charge occurs in the A-bands of Limulus
      striated muscle following activation and sarcomere shortening. This is in
      striking contrast to vertebrate striated muscle. Treatment with either papain or
      alkaline phosphatase reduces this fixed-charge. The increase in charge may serve
      as a motive force in thick filament shortening.

PMID- 6430042
TI  - Angles of fluorescently labelled myosin heads and actin monomers in contracting
      and rigor stained muscle fiber.
AB  - The measurement of polarized fluorescence from a fluorescent ATP or ADP analog,
      epsilon-ATP or epsilon-ADP (1, N6-Etheno-ATP or ADP) bound to myosin heads in a
      glycerinated muscle fiber revealed that during isometric contraction at low
      concentrations of Mg-epsilon-ATP the bound nucleotides are highly oriented with
      respect to the fiber axis, and their mean angle is almost the same as that in
      rigor. Furthermore, the polarization of tryptophan fluorescence did not change
      when the fiber was transferred from a rigor state to an active state at low ATP
      concentrations. Thus, if a rotation of myosin heads occurs during contraction, it
      seems to be very limited. The angle of bound epsilon-ADP is not changed by
      passive stretching of the fiber in the presence of epsilon-ADP. By using the same
      technique, it was found that orientation of a phalloidin-FITC complex (Ph-FITC)
      specifically bound to F-actin in a glycerinated muscle fiber is significantly
      changed when the fiber is activated from relaxation or rigor to contraction. No
      change in orientation of Ph-FITC bound to F-actin is induced by simple addition
      of Mg-ADP or by passive stretching of the fiber in the absence of ATP. These
      results suggest that a rotation or a distortion of actin monomers occurs during
      contraction, which is involved in the process of active tension development.

PMID- 6430043
TI  - Tension transients in single isolated smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Tension transients have been recorded for the first time in a single smooth
      muscle cell. The transient contains a linear elastic response and a biphasic
      recovery which appear to originate from the cross-bridges. A comparison of
      transients in smooth and fast skeletal muscle fibers suggests that the cross
      bridge in smooth muscle is more compliant than in striated muscle and that
      transitions between several cross-bridge states occur more slowly.

PMID- 6430044
TI  - Adrenal medulla gangliosides.
AB  - The gangliosides were examined in adrenal glands of mouse, rat, guinea pig,
      rabbit, monkey, pig, ox and chicken. GM3 ganglioside was predominant in all
      examined animals except pig. In pig GD3 ganglioside was the major one. GM4
      ganglioside was found in guinea pig and chicken. The distribution of sialic acid
      varied in each species. NeuNGly containing gangliosides were not detected in rat,
      guinea pig, rabbit and chicken. The other animals have both NeuNAc and NeuNGly
      containing gangliosides. Chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla contain
      gangliosides at concentrations 3 and 7 times as great as microsomal and
      mitochondrial fractions, respectively. These gangliosides were NeuNAc-containing
      GM3 and NeuNGly containing GM3 in the same amount.

PMID- 6430045
TI  - The labeling of the retina and optic tectum gangliosides and glycoproteins of
      chickens in darkness or exposed to light.
AB  - Chickens that received an intraocular injection of 3H-ManNAc and were exposed to
      light had more labeled gangliosides in the retina ganglion cell layer and in the
      contralateral optic tectum than similarly treated animals that remained in
      darkness. The effect is not due to the turning on or off of the light. The sialyl
      groups of sialoglycoproteins showed similar effect but the labeling of proteins
      in chickens that received 3H-proline did not show significant differences. So far
      the effect has been obtained only with retina linked to the optic tectum through
      the optic nerve. If the nerve is severed the effect disappears. The gangliosides
      GD1a and GT1 are powerful inhibitors of the GM3-N-acetylgalactosaminyl
      transferase. The main effect of those gangliosides is expressed when they are
      linked to the membranes containing the enzyme in such a form that they are not
      released by washing with water. The hypothesis is advanced that the utilization
      of gangliosides in the nerve ending during the interneuronal transmission
      produces a small decrease in their concentration that in turn is transmitted
      backwards to the neuronal perikarya where it accelerates the synthesis of new
      gangliosides.

PMID- 6430046
TI  - Biosynthesis in vitro of gangliosides containing Gg- and Lc-cores.
AB  - On the basis of our previous and present studies with embryonic chicken brain
      system, we have proposed stepwise biosynthesis of GD1a (Gg-series) and LD1 (Lc
      series) gangliosides, starting from ceramide (Fig. 4). At least three different
      galactosyltransferases GalT-2 (UDP-Gal:Glc-Cer), GalT-3(UDP-Gal:GM2) and GalT
      4(UDP-Gal:LcOse3-Cer) and three different sialyltransferases SAT-1(CMP-NeuAc:Lac
      Cer), SAT-2(CMP-NeuAc:GM3) and SAT-3(CMP-NeuAc:nLcOse4 Cer) are involved in the
      biosynthesis in vitro of these gangliosides. All six of these
      glycosyltransferases have been solubilized using nonionic detergents. Two forms
      of glycolipid:galactosyltransferases (GalT-3 and GalT-4) have been separated by
      DEAE sepharose CL-6B chromatography from solubilized supernatant of 11- to 13-day
      old embryonic chicken brain. Using microisoelectric focusing (pH gradient 3 to 8)
      the galactosyltransferases (GalT-3 and GalT-4) have been separated from SAT-3.
      Two beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcT-2(UDP-GlcNAc:nLcOse4Cer(beta 1
      3] and GlcNAcT-3(UDP-GlcNAc:nLcOse4Cer(beta 1-6] have also been solubilized from
      mouse T-lymphoma, P-1798, using Triton CF-54. These enzymes are involved in the
      synthesis of Ii-core gangliosides and 3H-products have been characterized by
      methylation studies. Further separation of these two GlcNAcT's are in progress.

PMID- 6430047
TI  - Genetic regulation of GM2 (NeuGc) expression in liver of mouse.
AB  - GM2 containing NeuGc was a major ganglioside in mouse liver of inbred strains
      such as DBA/2, BALB/c, C57BL/10 and C3H/He, which are commonly used for
      biochemical and immunological studies. On the other hand, the liver of WHT/Ht, an
      inbred strain, contained GM3 (NeuGc) as a major ganglioside and lacked GM2
      (NeuGc). We report here that the GM2 (NeuGc) expression was analyzed in the liver
      of the progeny between WHT/Ht and DBA/2 and the positive expression of GM2
      (NeuGc) was proved to be a dominant trait regulated by an autosomal single gene.
      Moreover, the N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity to convert GM3 (NeuGc)
      to GM2 (NeuGc) was measured in the liver microsomal fraction of WHT/Ht, BALB/c
      and their F1. F1 expressed almost half of the activity in BALB/c and WHT/Ht did
      not express a detectable amount of activity. The backcross of F1 to WHT/Ht
      segregated into two groups. One expressed both GM2 (NeuGc) and the transferase
      activity and the other expressed neither of them. There was no exceptional
      individual which was not grouped into either of these two groups. These results
      indicate that GM2 (NeuGc) expression is directly regulated by the N 
      acetylgalactosaminyltregated into two groups. One expressed both GM2 (NeuGc) and
      the transferase activity and the other expressed neither of them. There was no
      exceptional individual which was not grouped into either of these two groups.
      These results indicate that GM2 (NeuGc) expression is directly regulated by the N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity, the expression of the enzyme activity
      is regulated by an autosomal single gene and WHT/Ht is a mutant of the recessive
      homozygote which cannot express the enzyme activity in its liver. WHT/Ht does not
      develop any neurological symptoms but grows and breeds well. The brain
      ganglioside composition was proved to be identical to those in BALB/c brain. The
      result suggests that WHT/Ht has N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase to convert GM3
      (NeuAc) to GM2 (NeuAc) in its brain. It is a subject for further study to
      elucidate what kind of defect is involved in the GM2 (NeuGc) biosynthesis of
      WHT/Ht liver.

PMID- 6430048
TI  - Cerebral and visceral organ gangliosides and related glycolipids in gm1
      gangliosidosis type 1, type 2 and chronic type.
AB  - Biochemical analyses of the samples of GM1-gangliosidosis Type 1, Type 2, and
      Chronic type at autopsy showed that GM1 and asialo-GM1 are markedly increased in
      the whole cerebral tissues of patients with Type 1 and Type 2, but mainly in the
      basal ganglia including caudate nucleus and putamen in the Chronic Type as
      already reported by Kobayashi and Suzuki in 1981. On the other hand, the finding
      that the Type 1 visceral organs contained unusual glycolipids rather than
      gangliosides was contrasted to those of Type 2 which seemed less abnormal. The
      unusual glycolipids included particularly fucolipid I and II consisting of
      glucose:galactose:N-acetylglucosamine:fucose (1:2:1:1) and (1:3:2:2),
      respectively. The chemical structure of oligosaccharide moiety of fucolipid I may
      be identical with Lacto-N-fucopentaose II or Lacto-N-fucopentaose III. The
      fucolipid II may be proposed to be Lacto-N-difucooctanose.

PMID- 6430049
TI  - [Combined administration of human chorionic gonadotropin and human menopausal
      gonadotropin in idiopathic male infertility].
AB  - Changes in sex hormone levels, testicular volume and sperm count during hCG/hMG
      therapy were studied in 44 cases of idiopathic male infertility. These patients
      were divided into two groups and treated for 12 weeks. In group I, which
      consisted of 5 cases of azoospermia, 10 cases of severe oligozoospermia (less
      than 10 X 10(6)/ml) and 12 cases of mild oligozoospermia (10-50 X 10(6)/ml),
      1,000 IU of hCG and 75 IU of hMG were both administered once a week. In group II,
      which consisted of 3 cases of azoospermia, 7 cases of severe oligozoospermia and
      7 cases of mild oligozoospermia, 1,000 IU of hCG and 150 IU of hMG were both
      administered once a week. After 12 weeks, increase in sperm count was observed in
      7 cases (26%) in group I and 4 cases (24%) in group II. Pregnancy was ensued in 4
      cases in group I. There was no significant changes in testicular volume or sex
      hormone levels during hCG/hMG therapy.

PMID- 6430050
TI  - Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in a child with portal hypertension.

PMID- 6430051
TI  - The cryptophthalmos syndrome.

PMID- 6430052
TI  - DRGs, Pac-Man and game theory.

PMID- 6430053
TI  - Antianginal effects of nitroglycerin patches.
AB  - Nitroglycerin (NTG) patches provide potentially therapeutic NTG blood levels for
      24 hours, but their effects on exercise tolerance (ExT) in patients with angina
      have not been well characterized. Therefore, blinded, randomized trials were
      performed of the acute effects of both low-dose and maximal-tolerated-dose NTG
      patches and placebo on ExT in 14 patients with coronary artery disease and
      typical exertional angina. The bicycle exercise protocol of the National
      Institutes of Health was used and sublingual NTG administered as a positive
      control. In 7 subjects, low-dose patches produced no statistically significant
      effect on ExT at 4, 8 or 24 hours after administration. Comparable doses of
      sublingual and oral isosorbide dinitrate, NTG ointment and transmucosal NTG in
      previous studies have produced effects similar to those of conventional doses of
      sublingual NTG. Maximally tolerated doses of 2 types of NTG patches were then
      tested. The first (n = 8, mean NTG dose delivered 25 mg) produced increases in
      ExT of 82 and 72 seconds at 4 and 8 hours, respectively (both p less than 0.01),
      but was ineffective at 24 hours. The second patch type (n = 5, mean NTG dose
      delivered 22 mg) was also ineffective at 24 hours. Furthermore, even at maximal
      doses, peak effects on ExT were about half of those of sublingual NTG. Thus, NTG
      patches, even at maximal doses, appear to have smaller therapeutic effects than
      other long-acting nitrates and are ineffective at 24 hours. These results suggest
      rapid attenuation of NTG effect during prolonged maintenance of constant blood
      levels.

PMID- 6430054
TI  - Sustained beneficial hemodynamic responses to large doses of transdermal
      nitroglycerin in congestive heart failure and comparison with intravenous
      nitroglycerin.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of a new transdermal preparation of nitroglycerin were
      evaluated in 9 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). A graded
      infusion of nitroglycerin was administered initially to establish the dose
      response relation for nitroglycerin and estimate the dose of topical
      nitroglycerin to be applied. Significant hemodynamic improvement was observed 0.5
      to 1.0 hour after the cutaneous application of the nitroglycerin-impregnated
      polymer. The peak effect occurred at 6 hours, with the left ventricular filling
      pressure decreasing from 24 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 1 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error of
      the mean) (p less than 0.01) and the cardiac index increasing from 2.0 +/- 0.2 to
      2.6 +/- 0.2 liters/min/m2 (p less than 0.01). The systemic vascular resistance
      decreased from 1,860 +/- 198 to 1,531 +/- 162 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.01).
      Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were unchanged. Significant hemodynamic
      benefit was observed for 24 hours, and no rebound deterioration occurred upon
      withdrawal of the drug. The average dose of transdermal nitroglycerin applied was
      51 +/- 6 cm2 (1.7 +/- 0.2 mg/kg; 6 of the 9 patients received 64 cm2). Thus,
      topical application of a new nitroglycerin-impregnated polymer induces an
      improvement in cardiac performance that is sustained for 24 hours in patients
      with chronic CHF. However, substantial doses of the drug may be required to
      produce a satisfactory hemodynamic response in most patients with CHF.

PMID- 6430055
TI  - Vasodilator effect on right ventricular function in congestive heart failure and
      pulmonary hypertension: end-systolic pressure--volume relation.
AB  - The right ventricular (RV) end-systolic pressure-volume relation during
      vasodilator administration was studied in 10 patients with pulmonary arterial
      (PA) hypertension, most of whom had biventricular failure. RV end-systolic
      volumes were estimated from equilibrium radionuclide RV counts and forward
      cardiac output. Simultaneous radionuclide and hemodynamic values were measured at
      rest and during nitroglycerin and nitroprusside infusion. Vasodilator
      administration resulted in decreases in PA mean and systolic pressures in all 10
      patients, with an average decrease in end-systolic pressure (p less than 0.001)
      from 48 +/- 11 to 38 +/- 9 and 35 +/- 10 mm Hg during nitroglycerin and
      nitroprusside administration, respectively. In each patient, a direct linear
      relation was observed between the vasodilator-induced decrease in PA end-systolic
      pressure and in RV end-systolic volume. Average RV end-systolic volume decreased
      (p less than 0.001), from 130 +/- 69 ml/m2 at baseline to 108 +/- 62 and 102 +/-
      55 ml/m2 during nitroglycerin and nitroprusside infusion, respectively. The slope
      of the RV end-systolic pressure-volume relation was directly related to RV
      ejection fraction. Thus, the vasodilator-induced decrease in PA systolic pressure
      is accompanied by a linear decrease in RV end-systolic volume, with a slope which
      is dependent on RV systolic function. This linear relation is analogous to the
      left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation.

PMID- 6430056
TI  - The brief saga of transdermal nitroglycerin discs: paradise lost?

PMID- 6430057
TI  - Transdermal isosorbide dinitrate in angina pectoris: effect of acute and
      sustained therapy.
AB  - Twelve patients with chronic, stable angina pectoris underwent hemodynamic
      investigations and treadmill exercise testing before and during a 24-hour period
      after the application of 100 mg of transdermal isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and
      matching placebo. Compared with placebo, there were no changes in systolic blood
      pressure or heart rate at rest or during exercise; but treadmill walking time to
      the onset of angina and to the development of moderate angina was significantly
      prolonged at 2, 4 and 8 hours, but not at 24 hours, after drug application.
      Patients subsequently received these same treatment regimens for 7 to 10 days and
      underwent repeat exercise testing. During this sustained phase of the
      investigation, treadmill walking time to the onset of angina and to the
      development of moderate angina was similar 4, 8 and 24 hours after application of
      ISDN and placebo. Thus, transdermal ISDN in a dose of 100 mg is effective for 8
      hours during acute therapy, but during sustained therapy tolerance developed and
      no antianginal effects of ISDN persisted.

PMID- 6430058
TI  - Calciuria in total parenteral nutrition: effects of amino acids and glucose in
      rats.
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is known to cause hypercalciuria and negative
      calcium balance in some patients. We have now shown that the administration of
      TPN to rats causes marked increases in urinary calcium losses. Moreover, urinary
      calcium excretion in the TPN rat responds to changes in the infusate
      concentration of calcium and amino acids similarly to what has been observed in
      TPN patients. For any given increase in the amount of calcium infused 130% more
      calcium was excreted in the urine by rats receiving TPN compared to rats
      receiving saline alone. At a fixed level of calcium infused, urinary calcium
      increased linearly when the amino acid content of the infusate was increased from
      0 to 2.75 to 4.25%. However, a reduction in the glucose load, via isocaloric
      substitution with lipid by 60%, had no effect on urinary calcium excretion. The
      TPN rat appears to be a promising animal model in which to investigate the
      hypercalciuretic effect of intravenous nutrition, particularly as calcium
      homeostasis may be affected by various nutritional components of the TPN
      solution.

PMID- 6430059
TI  - Nearly identical oral and intravenous nutritional support in the rat: effects on
      growth and body composition.
AB  - The physiological effects of administration of identical oral (amino acid diet)
      and intravenous (total parenteral nutrition) diets in the rat have not been
      examined. We designed a complete solid synthetic diet which is dissolved in water
      to produce nearly-identical liquid intravenous and solid oral diets. Minor
      differences in lipid and vitamin content were probably of little biological
      significance. The amino acid diet and total parenteral nutrition solution were
      compared in a 21-day trial with growing rats. Both groups of rats had similar
      weight gains. Total parenteral nutrition rats compared to the amino acid diet
      rats had significantly increased spleen and kidney weights; decreased stomach,
      small bowel, and testes weights; and unchanged heart, lung, liver, adrenal, and
      colon weights. Body composition studies suggested similar water and protein and
      increased fat accumulation by rats supported with the total parenteral nutrition
      solution when compared to rats fed the amino acid diet. These data indicate that
      the route of nutrient administration is an important determinant of nutritional
      result.

PMID- 6430060
TI  - Respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic effects of enteral hyperalimentation:
      influence of formula dose and composition.
AB  - Respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic changes were monitored during balance
      studies in undernourished patients receiving continuous enteral formula feeding.
      The nutrient solutions, either high carbohydrate (83% of kcal) or high fat (50%
      of kcal), were administered at doses ranging from 2.7 to 6.0 X 10(-2) kcal X kg
      fat free body mass-1 X min-1. For both formulas, the observed physiological
      changes between fasting and the lower rates of energy infusion (ie, maintenance
      slow growth) were either zero or relatively small. As formula dose was advanced
      into the rapid repletional range, physiological changes were more pronounced;
      there were linear increases in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production,
      minute ventilation, heat production, heat release, nitrogen balance, and change
      in heart rate from the base-line (all p less than 0.05 for both formulas). The
      rate at which carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, and heat production
      increased with advancing energy infusion rate was also greater for the high
      carbohydrate formula relative to the high fat formula (p less than 0.02, less
      than 0.07, and less than 0.06, respectively). The physiological changes caused by
      continuous intragastric feeding are therefore a function of formula infusion rate
      and composition. Knowledge of these changes can be applied to patients treated
      for semistarvation who suffer respiratory or cardiac insufficiency.

PMID- 6430061
TI  - Antibody affinity and immune complexes after immunization with tetanus toxoid in
      protein-energy malnutrition.
AB  - Protein-energy malnutrition reduced the affinity of antibody to tetanus toxoid,
      particularly after primary immunization. The effect on antibody affinity was more
      marked in patients with hypoproteinemia than in those with marasmus.
      Hemagglutinating antibody levels were comparable in undernourished and well
      nourished groups. Circulating immune complexes were detected in eight of 21
      children with protein-energy malnutrition and in one of the controls. Differences
      in antibody affinity in malnutrition may be an important determinant of altered
      host resistance and of complications of disease in nutritional deficiency.

PMID- 6430062
TI  - Influence of frequent and long-term consumption of legume seeds on excretion of
      intestinal gases.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the influence of long-term and
      frequent consumption of legume seeds on the excretion of fermentation gases. This
      was done by comparing gas excretion for one group (B) of individuals that
      habitually consumed legumes to that of another group (NB) of individuals that
      only infrequently consumed legumes. Gas excretion was measured during one diet
      period (control) when they consumed their normal diets and during one diet period
      (bean) when they consumed 100 g (dry weight), daily, of red kidney beans. Twelve
      men participated in this study on an outpatient basis and received each diet for
      23 days. We found that there was neither short-term (no difference throughout the
      23 days) nor long-term (NB and B groups were equivalent) adaptation in the
      quantity of gas that was excreted. However, both groups subjectively expressed
      greater tolerance and less physical discomfort as the bean-consuming period
      continued.

PMID- 6430063
TI  - Failure of lithium to limit neutropenia significantly during induction therapy of
      acute myelogenous leukemia. A Southeastern Cancer Study Group study.
AB  - Eight-five patients receiving cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin as induction
      therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia were randomly assigned to receive lithium
      carbonate 300 mg t.i.d. or no lithium. Treatment groups were similar with respect
      to age, gender, baseline granulocyte counts, and patients who were febrile at
      presentation. Granulocyte nadirs below 100/cu mm were observed in nearly all
      patients. The duration of neutropenia was not significantly shorter for patients
      receiving lithium (23.3 days) than for controls (24.1 days), p = 0.18. The
      incidence of fever and infection were similar in the two groups. The incidence of
      complete remission was significantly lower in patients receiving lithium, 75% vs,
      49%, p = 0.012, although no physiologic explanation attributable to lithium could
      be established. Toxicity was minimal, although lithium was discontinued in 44% of
      patients over the age of 50. The administration of lithium does not have apparent
      clinical efficacy as an adjuvant to therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 6430064
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of glycosphingolipid in urinary renal tubular
      cells in Fabry's disease.
AB  - Although the accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipid (GSL), principally
      globotriaosylceramide ( GbOse3Cer ), in the kidney of patients with Fabry's
      disease is well documented, little is known about the type and quantity of lipid
      present in the renal tubular cells shed in the urine. Using a variety of
      cytologic technics, the authors examined exfoliated cells found in the urine
      specimens of patients hemizygous and heterozygous for alpha-galactosidase A
      deficiency. Renal tubular cells contained periodic acid- Shiff positive material
      that could be identified easily by Papanicolaou stain. A fluorescein-labeled
      antibody specific for GbOse3Cer localized this lipid to the cytoplasm. Electron
      microscopy showed numerous electron-dense multilamellar membranous inclusions
      within phagolysosomes and electronlucent material within lysosomes of tubular
      cells. Based on immunofluorescence, heterozygote individuals had similar
      distribution but less quantity of cytoplasmic GSL. The authors conclude that in
      Fabry's disease GSL accumulates probably in lysosomes of renal tubular cells.
      These cells are exfoliated and can be identified specifically in voided urine
      specimens. Examination of renal tubular cells in urine using the fluorescein
      antibody technic described here affords a noninvasive means of diagnosing and
      following the effect of therapy in patients with Fabry's disease.

PMID- 6430065
TI  - Treatment of protracted diarrhea of infancy.
AB  - Ten patients with protracted diarrhea of infancy received either 8% or 16% of 130
      calories/kg/day as amino acids. Patients were treated initially with total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) and subsequently with an elemental diet. Nitrogen
      balance was better during TPN in those who received the higher amino acid intake.
      No differences were noted between groups in weight gain or restoration of muscle
      mass. Higher levels of serum urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase were noted in
      patients with the higher amino acid intake; cholestatic liver injury developed in
      two of these patients. The patients receiving the higher amount of amino acid
      demonstrated enhanced calciuria during TPN. Other than better nitrogen balance,
      no clinical benefits and more undesirable side effects were observed in patients
      receiving 16% amino acid calories.

PMID- 6430066
TI  - Effect of total parenteral nutrition on serum concentrations of eight proteins in
      Crohn's disease.
AB  - In 15 patients with Crohn's disease a study was made of the effect of total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) (nil per os) on the serum concentrations of albumin,
      transferrin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, IgG, IgA, and IgM,
      and on the hemoglobin concentration in blood and the erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate. The study covered 22 periods of TPN, each of at least 21 days. At
      introduction of TPN one group of steroid-free patients (group I) displayed
      clinical and laboratory signs of severe malnutrition and a high level of activity
      of the disease. Another group of patients without steroid medication showed signs
      of incipient or mild malnutrition and mild to moderate activity (group II). The
      patients receiving prednisolone were assigned to a separate group (group III).
      During the first 3 wk of TPN the S-albumin and S-transferrin levels increased in
      group I, whereas the S-orosomucoid and S-alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations
      decreased parallel with a clinical improvement. In groups II and III, however,
      there was no convincing biochemical sign of improvement during the initial 3-6 wk
      of TPN. In both groups I and II there was an increase in, particularly, the S-IgM
      level of the immunoglobulins. It is concluded that steroid-free patients with
      Crohn's disease displaying signs of severe malnutrition and highly active disease
      are likely to show biochemical and clinical evidence of improvement after 3 wk of
      TPN; the response to TPN is related to the initial status of the patient.

PMID- 6430067
TI  - Variations in the hereditary patterns of factor VIII complex in a large kindred:
      coexistence of hemophilia A with Von Willebrand.
AB  - Coagulation studies and clinical observations were carried out in 47 members
      belonging to three generations in one kindred. Classical Hemophilia A, Von
      Willebrand (VWD) variants, and normal individuals were revealed in this study.
      The coexistence of Hemophilia A and VWD in different siblings of the same
      progenitors indicates the difficulty to distinguish between these two major
      factor VIII abnormalities as two different traits. A hypothesis based on these
      findings is elaborated.

PMID- 6430068
TI  - Comparison of continuous and intermittent Factor VIII concentrate therapy in
      hemophilia A.
AB  - Comparison of continuous versus intermittent (every 12 h bolus) infusion of a
      high-purity Factor VIII concentrate in 12 severe hemophilia A patients undergoing
      surgical procedures indicated that a higher (50 u/dl versus 35 u/dl) minimal
      plasma level was seen with the same amount of product when given continuously. A
      continuous VIII concentrate infusion of 2 u/kg/h produces a mean VIIIc level of
      about 50 u/dl or, alternatively, about 0.04 u/kg/h raises the VIIIc level by 1
      u/dl (1%). None of the patients showed any abnormal bleeding. Higher plasma
      levels of VIIIc were noted by the two-stage VIIIc assay than by the one-stage
      VIIIc assay. Fibrinogen levels were normal or only slightly elevated, and the
      monomer test was consistently negative.

PMID- 6430069
TI  - Effects of time, temperature, and preservative on bacterial growth in enteral
      nutrient solutions.
AB  - Bacterial contamination and the effects of time, temperature, and preservative on
      bacterial growth in enteral nutrient solutions were studied. Bacteria were
      counted after 24-hour incubation of five samples of frozen Travasorb STD
      (Travenol Laboratories) from the pharmacy and five samples freshly reconstituted
      in the dietary department. Growth in samples of Travasorb STD prepared in the
      pharmacy was studied after (1) fresh mixing, 24-hour refrigeration, and 12 hours
      at room temperature, (2) freezing, thawing, and 12 hours at room temperature, and
      (3) freezing, thawing, 24-hour refrigeration, and 12 hours at room temperature.
      Duplicate samples of five products [Ensure (Ross Laboratories), Precision LR
      (Doyle Pharmaceuticals), Travasorb STD, Vital (Ross Laboratories), and Vivonex
      STD ( Norwich -Eaton)] were inoculated with Enterobacter cloacae, and growth
      curves for 24 hours were plotted. This challenge study was repeated using
      Travasorb STD as a control and Travasorb STD with potassium sorbate added.
      Bacterial contamination following reconstitution was not significantly different
      between pharmacy and dietary department samples. Growth after 12 hours at room
      temperature was not significantly different for the three sets of storage
      conditions. Logarithmic growth occurred only at room temperature. All products
      supported growth of E. cloacae, but growth was significantly lower in Vivonex STD
      (which contains potassium sorbate) and Precision LR. Growth was reduced by 70%
      versus control at 12 hours in Travasorb STD containing 0.036% potassium sorbate
      and by 90% with 0.2% potassium sorbate. Microbial growth in enteral nutrient
      solutions was dependent on the initial inoculum and the storage time at room
      temperature. Addition of potassium sorbate to these solutions may greatly reduce
      bacterial growth.

PMID- 6430070
TI  - Effect of aminoglycoside-use restrictions on drug cost.
AB  - The effect on drug costs of restricting aminoglycoside use in a teaching hospital
      is described. In October 1980, the pharmacy and therapeutics committee deleted
      tobramycin from the formulary because of its high cost and relative lack of
      therapeutic advantages compared with gentamicin. Amikacin use was restricted.
      Concurrently, physicians were instructed in the proper use and dosage of
      gentamicin via lectures and dosing nomograms provided by the clinical pharmacist.
      Chart reviews of patients receiving gentamicin showed that the incidence of
      nephrotoxicity (defined by an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dl) was 0%,
      4.5%, and 6.5% in fiscal years 1981, 1982, and 1983, respectively. Based on the
      percentage of total aminoglycoside use represented by tobramycin, gentamicin, and
      amikacin during the year before implementation of the policy, projected cost
      savings for three years was more than $42,000. Expensive and improper
      aminoglycoside use should be a prime target for reduced spending as budgetary
      constraints in hospitals increase.

PMID- 6430071
TI  - Growth of microorganisms in parenteral nutrient solutions.

PMID- 6430072
TI  - Second North American Conference on Nitroglycerin Therapy: perspectives and
      mechanisms. Casa de Campo, Dominican Republic, December 7-9,1983.

PMID- 6430073
TI  - Mechanism of action of nitrates. Role of changes in venous capacitance and in the
      left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relation.
AB  - Nitroglycerin, when administered to patients with heart failure, causes a marked
      reduction in left ventricular filling pressure but often an increase in stroke
      volume and stroke work; based on the Frank-Starling principle, such a reduction
      in "preload" would be expected to result in a decrease in left ventricular end
      diastolic volume and, therefore, a decline in stroke volume. Assessment of
      pressure-volume coordinates, however, has revealed that nitroglycerin produces a
      downward shift in the pressure-volume relationship. This apparent improvement in
      left ventricular compliance cannot be attributed to alterations in the elastic
      properties of the myocardium but rather appear to reflect a reduction in left
      ventricular external constraint. Recent animal and clinical investigations in our
      laboratory suggest that nitroglycerin causes venous dilatation (particularly in
      the mesenteric bed), thereby decreasing venous pressure at any given vascular
      volume. This decrease in cardiac filling pressure results in a decrease in heart
      size and, therefore, a reduction in pericardial pressure. Left ventricular
      transmural (intracavitary minus pericardial) pressure is little changed, however,
      so that end-diastolic volume and stroke volume are maintained.

PMID- 6430074
TI  - Pharmacokinetic determinants of nitrate action.
AB  - An update on some of the recent studies relating to organic nitrate
      pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is presented. The systemic clearance of
      nitroglycerin was found to be unaffected by portacaval shunting in animals. Thus,
      the liver only plays a minor role in the metabolism of systemic nitroglycerin.
      Organic nitrates are extensively taken up by blood vessels in which metabolic
      activation can occur to produce vascular activity. During sustained therapy,
      nitrate metabolites may decrease the systemic and hepatic clearance of the parent
      drug, thus increasing its plasma concentration. Metabolites could also decrease
      the extent of metabolism in vascular tissues, thus contributing to vascular
      nitrate tolerance. Therefore, during long-term angina therapy when metabolites
      are present, the same plasma nitrate concentration may produce less effects
      compared with that obtained after acute dosing. Nitrate action was shown to be
      possibly dependent on the rate of drug input. An alternate dosing mode is
      proposed that speculatively may provide an improvement in producing and
      maintaining nitrate action in long-term angina therapy.

PMID- 6430075
TI  - Specialized delivery systems for intravenous nitroglycerin. Are they necessary?
AB  - Nitroglycerin is absorbed in vitro into polyvinyl chloride tubing, and it has
      been recommended that nitroglycerin be administered intravenously through
      specialized polyethylene infusion sets. To determine if tubing type is essential
      to achieve physiologic effectiveness, we studied dose responses to intravenous
      nitroglycerin in 15 patients with heart failure using standard polyvinyl chloride
      tubing in seven (group 2) and special polyethylene infusion sets in seven (group
      1) (one patient was excluded from analysis because of technical difficulties). We
      monitored heart rate, blood pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery
      pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output. Cardiac index,
      systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, triple index, rate pressure product,
      stroke volume, stroke volume index, and stroke work index were calculated.
      Baseline and treatment measurements were obtained from five to 15 minutes after
      the infusion of 10, 20, 40, and 80 micrograms of nitroglycerin per minute. Over
      all, systolic blood pressure decreased (p less than 0.05) about 8 percent and
      mean blood pressure approximately 12 percent, mean pulmonary artery pressure and
      mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased 30 to 40 percent, and the
      decline in mean right atrial pressure was 35 percent of baseline (all p less than
      0.05). Heart rate and cardiac index did not change (p greater than 0.05).
      Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased slightly (p = 0.07) and systemic vascular
      resistance significantly (p less than 0.05). When the two groups were compared
      physiologic changes were virtually identical (p less than 0.05). Two-way analysis
      of variance for baseline corrected data proved no differences between tubing sets
      (p less than 0.05), but the infusion concentration rate was highly related to
      response (p = 0.0001). A significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in mean blood
      pressure and mean right atrial pressure was noted at lower dose rates (20
      micrograms per minute and 40 micrograms per minute, respectively) in group 1.
      Beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure patients can, then, be predicted
      to occur at 80 micrograms per minute infusion rates; these responses seem
      independent of the type of infusion tubing system employed. Additionally, when
      patients given intravenous nitroglycerin for various reasons were followed for 48
      hours, the majority receiving infusions via polyvinyl chloride tubing (group 2)
      did not require dosage adjustments. Also, at lower flow rates, more solution than
      calculated may be delivered when polyethylene tubing infusion sets are employed
      with volumetric infusion pumps.

PMID- 6430076
TI  - Nitrate delivery systems in perspective. A decade of progress.
AB  - In recent years the use of nitroglycerin and long-acting nitrate compounds in
      clinical practice has been increasing. Only 10 to 15 years ago these drugs, at
      least in oral formulation, were felt to have no clinical utility because of
      concern that potent hepatic enzyme activity would degrade sufficient amounts of
      the nitrate compounds from reaching the systemic circulation. However, it is now
      recognized that oral nitrate administration when given in sufficient amounts
      achieves therapeutic plasma concentrations and desired clinical effects. Nitrates
      are routinely used for the treatment of stable and unstable angina and also play
      a role in therapy for complications of myocardial infarction. Nitrates are very
      effective agents for preload reduction in vasodilator therapy of congestive heart
      failure. A wide variety of nitrate delivery systems, including the standard oral
      and sublingual formulations, and as well as the new transdermal nitroglycerin
      discs and buccal nitroglycerin, are now available. Sublingual nitroglycerin,
      isosorbide dinitrate, and buccal nitroglycerin are used for acute treatment of
      attacks of ischemic chest pain. For ambulatory patients, long-acting therapy can
      be administered by oral, topical ointment, transdermal disc, and buccal
      nitroglycerin formulations. Each compound has a slightly different onset and
      duration of action, which is in part dose-dependent. The relative merits and
      problems with each of the formulations are reviewed. Intravenous nitroglycerin is
      now commercially available and plays an increasing role in the intensive care
      units. It is an ideal drug for acute chest pain syndromes, including acute
      myocardial infarction. Specialized tubing does not need to be employed. The wide
      variety of nitrate delivery systems available to physicians makes use of this
      tried and true therapy practical and easy to carry out for clinicians.

PMID- 6430077
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin combined with diltiazem in patients with
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - Resting coronary and left ventricular hemodynamic effects of diltiazem and
      nitroglycerin, given intravenously in combination, were studied in 12 patients
      with coronary heart disease. Results observed with this combination were compared
      with those in seven patients given diltiazem initially (group I) and five
      patients given nitroglycerin initially (group II). The diltiazem-nitroglycerin
      combination reduced systolic blood pressure 27 percent (p less than or equal to
      0.05) with no significant change in heart rate to affect a 22 percent (p less
      than or equal to 0.05) decrease in the rate-pressure product. Left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure (-36 percent) and dp/dt (-6.4 percent) both declined (p
      less than or equal to 0.05). Coronary flow and cardiac output were both
      maintained. Diltiazem alone and nitroglycerin alone also reduced systolic
      pressure and the rate-pressure product but to a lesser degree than the
      combination. Diltiazem did not significantly affect left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure and dp/dt. Nitroglycerin reduced left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure to an extent similar to the reduction produced by the
      combination but increased heart rate whereas this determinant of myocardial
      oxygen demand did not increase significantly with the combination. These findings
      suggest that the combination of diltiazem and nitroglycerin produces a greater
      reduction in myocardial oxygen demand than either drug alone. In addition, the
      combination maintains coronary blood flow without increases in determinants of
      myocardial oxygen demand. This potentially beneficial drug combination warrants
      further trial in patients with myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6430078
TI  - Sustained release nitroglycerin improves myocardial thallium-201 images in men
      with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Ten men with coronary disease and angina-limited exercise participated in a study
      of the effects of sustained release nitroglycerin capsules on exercise
      performance and myocardial thallium images. Dose titration to ascertain the
      maximally tolerated dose, 6.5 to 26 mg orally four times a day, followed by
      double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over treatment was undertaken. Following
      the administration of sustained release nitroglycerin exercise performance and
      exercise thallium images improved and appeared to remain so for four hours.

PMID- 6430079
TI  - Long-acting nitrates: relative utility of nitroglycerin patches.
AB  - Cutaneous nitroglycerin patches offer an attractive, convenient approach to
      antianginal prophylaxis with nitroglycerin. Blood level data have suggested that
      nitroglycerin patches could have antianginal effects for 24 hours or more.
      However, direct documentation of antianginal efficacy is fragmentary at present.
      Existing studies using provocative exercise testing, with one exception, do not
      demonstrate antianginal effects of nitroglycerin patches at 24 hours, using
      either low or maximal tolerated doses in each subject. Furthermore, in contrast
      to other long-acting nitrates evaluated in similar fashion, the peak effects of
      nitroglycerin patches may not be as potent as those of sublingual nitroglycerin.
      Thus, at present, clinicians should not assume that nitroglycerin patches can
      provide 24-hour prophylaxis. Further, in patients on a patch regimen with
      continuing symptoms, consideration should be given to a trial of alternative or
      additional long-acting nitrates of other types.

PMID- 6430080
TI  - Nitroglycerin therapy in the management of pulmonary hypertensive disorders.
AB  - Vasodilator therapy has not been effective in patients with pulmonary
      hypertension because most of the drugs that have been utilized in treating this
      disorder do not exert selective effects on the pulmonary circulation.
      Nonselective agents may cause predominant systemic vasodilation and lead to
      severe hypotension; they may elicit reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous
      system and further elevate pulmonary artery pressures; or they may exert
      depressant effects on right ventricular function and aggravate right-sided heart
      failure. Nitroglycerin has theoretic appeal as a vasodilator drug in patients
      with pulmonary hypertension because it exerts a direct effect on the pulmonary
      circulation in doses that do not affect systemic resistance vessels or the
      myocardium and do not activate neurohumoral reflexes. Furthermore, the drug
      uniquely reduces pulmonary artery pressures in addition to pulmonary vascular
      resistance due to its ability to dilate venous capacitance vessels. Preliminary
      studies with sublingual and intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with pulmonary
      hypertension have shown that the drug produces marked hemodynamic improvement and
      that clinical benefits follow long-term therapy with transcutaneous or oral
      nitrates. However, treatment may provoke hypotensive events in some patients and
      systemic hypoxemia in others; still others may fail to benefit because the
      pulmonary vasculature is unresponsive to any vasodilator stimulus. Further work
      is needed to define the benefits and risks of nitroglycerin therapy in patients
      with pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6430081
TI  - Alkalemia in diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - A patient with a history of diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure was
      taking furosemide and metolazone as diuretics. Diabetic ketoacidosis developed,
      and the patient became lethargic and confused. Initial biochemical determinations
      showed an alkalemic pH, serum and urine ketones with an anion gap, and
      hyperventilation. The hyperventilation was appropriate for the degree of
      ketoacidosis but it was grossly inappropriate for the alkalemia. This could be
      explained by a direct effect of ketones on the respiratory center or a sudden
      increase in hydrogen ion concentration superimposed on previously chronic
      alkalemic pH due to the potent combination of furosemide and metolazone.

PMID- 6430082
TI  - Mycobacterial pulmonary infections after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients are prone to pulmonary infections
      caused by a wide spectrum of organisms. Nonetheless, the recognition of lung
      disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in two patients and Mycobacterium
      avium-intracellulare in a third patient at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson
      Hospital represents the first report of these agents occurring in allogeneic
      marrow recipients. Diagnosis can be difficult due to atypical presentations,
      initial negative culture results, and the presence of more than one pathogen in
      these compromised hosts. In the case involving Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
      infection, culture of material obtained by bronchoscopy established the diagnosis
      when repeated sputum samples showed no growth. A vigorous search for mycobacteria
      is suggested in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients with pulmonary
      infections.

PMID- 6430083
TI  - Duplication of part of chromosome 1q: clinical report and review of literature.
AB  - We report a male infant with a 47,XY, + der(22),t(1;22)(q32;q11)pat karyotype.
      Thus, he has duplication of chromosomes 1(q32----qter) and 22(pter----q11). Six
      patients with dup 1(q32----qter) and eight with dup 1(q42----qter) have been
      described. These two groups of patients share several manifestations, including
      postnatal growth retardation; relative macrocephaly with widely separated sutures
      or large fontanelles; prominent forehead; highly arched palate; micrognathia;
      downward slant of the palpebral fissures; broad, flat nasal bridge; and
      apparently low-set, malformed ears. Although many of these abnormalities are
      nonspecific, partial duplication of 1q should be considered in infants with
      relative macrocephaly, large fontanelles, and downward slant of the palpebral
      fissures. Our patient had duplication of the part of chromosome 22 that may be
      associated with the clinically variable cat-eye syndrome. Patients with dup
      22(pter----q11) may also have downward slant of the palpebral fissures,
      micrognathia, and apparently low-set, malformed ears. The structural gene locus
      for beta-glucosidase has been mapped to chromosome 1. beta-Glucosidase activity
      in fibroblasts from our patient was normal, and his parents' activities were not
      significantly different from those of control individuals. Therefore, either the
      locus for this enzyme is not present on 1(q32----qter) or the enzyme does not
      consistently show a substantial gene-dose effect.

PMID- 6430084
TI  - A comparison of three affected-sib-pair scoring methods to detect HLA-linked
      disease susceptibility genes.
AB  - Two widely used affected-sib-pair scoring procedures (the Green and Woodrow
      [1977] procedure, and the method of forming all possible affected-sib-pairs) are
      compared with a new method for their relative efficiency in detecting the
      presence of an HLA-linked disease susceptibility gene. Their relative performance
      is investigated by extensive computer simulations over a large number of disease
      transmission models. On the average, the new procedure appears to outperform the
      Green and Woodrow method and the "all-possible-pairs" method.

PMID- 6430085
TI  - Cyclopia and cebocephaly in two newborn infants with unbalanced segregation of a
      familial translocation rcp (1;7)(q32;q34).
AB  - This is a report of a family with a balanced reciprocal translocation, rcp
      (1;7)(q32;q34). Among pregnancies from translocation carriers, there were several
      miscarriages, and two unbalanced offspring with dup(1q32----qter) and del (7q34--
      -qter) who died perinatally. One was a male cyclops with additional brain
      malformations and hydronephrosis, the other was a cebocephalic female with
      multiple additional malformations of heart, kidneys, and skeleton. In both
      pregnancies, the brain and renal anomalies were detected prenatally by
      ultrasound, in the cyclops during the 32nd and in the cebocephalic fetus during
      the 28th week of gestation.

PMID- 6430086
TI  - The pathophysiology of neurofibromatosis: IX. Paternal age as a factor in the
      origin of new mutations.
AB  - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is characterized by a relatively large
      proportion of apparently nonfamilial cases, presumed spontaneous mutations. This
      paper analyzes the distribution of paternal and maternal ages for 187 patients
      with von Recklinghausen disease representing the first definite case in their
      respective families. Mean paternal age was 32.8 years and mean maternal age was
      27.4 years, both being significantly greater than for control populations (P
      equal to or less than .001). The advanced paternal age was not accounted for by
      the increase in maternal age. The methodology of controlling the general
      population paternal ages for each patient's birth year is described.

PMID- 6430087
TI  - Acid-base aspects of ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6430088
TI  - IgA nephropathy associated with HLA-DR4 antigen.
AB  - This report describes 2 siblings with IgA nephropathy. Patient No. 1 was a 38
      year-old woman with hematuria and proteinuria of 19 years duration. Her blood ABO
      type was A and Rh positive. She was found to have HLA-A2,Aw24; Bw54 , Bw48 ;Cwl,C
      ;DR1,DR4. Her renal specimen was diagnosed as the advanced stage of IgA
      nephropathy histologically. Patient No. 2 was a 41-year-old man who was a brother
      of patient No. 1. His blood ABO type was O and Rh positive. His serotype for the
      HLA was found to be HLA-Aw24,A-;Bw35, Bw54 ;Cw1,Cw3;DR4, DRw9 . His renal
      histology showed the advanced stage of IgA nephropathy. It is suggested that an
      abnormal immune response linked to gene coding for HLA-DR4 antigen might be
      involved in the development of IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 6430089
TI  - The interactions of exercise and pregnancy: a review.
AB  - Increasing numbers of women engage in relatively strenuous exercise during
      pregnancy. The interaction of the increased metabolic demands of physical
      activity with those of pregnancy is poorly understood. We review what is known
      and what is not known of the extent to which pregnancy affects a woman's ability
      to perform strenuous activity and the degree to which exercise affects the
      pregnant woman, the fetus, and the infant.

PMID- 6430090
TI  - Routine antenatal immunoglobulin in prophylaxis of rhesus isoimmunization.

PMID- 6430091
TI  - Rh isoimmunization following abdominal trauma: a case report.

PMID- 6430092
TI  - Chondroitin sulfate in a new cornea preservation medium.

PMID- 6430093
TI  - Evaluation versus research: outcomes or knowledge?

PMID- 6430094
TI  - Enhanced muscle glucose metabolism after exercise: modulation by local factors.
AB  - Studies in the rat suggest that after voluntary exercise there are two phases of
      glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle (preceding study). In phase I glucose
      utilization and glycogen synthesis are enhanced both in the presence and absence
      of insulin, whereas in phase II only the increase in the presence of insulin is
      found. To determine whether these alterations and in particular those mediated by
      insulin are due to local or systemic factors, one hindlimb of an anesthetized rat
      was electrically stimulated, and both hindlimbs were perfused immediately
      thereafter. Glucose and glycogen metabolism in the stimulated leg closely
      mimicked that observed previously after voluntary exercise on a treadmill. With
      no insulin added to the perfusate, glucose incorporation into glycogen was
      markedly enhanced in muscles that were glycogen depleted as were the uptake of 2
      deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose. Likewise, the stimulation of these processes
      by insulin was enhanced and continued to be so 2 h later when the muscles of the
      stimulated leg had substantially repleted their glycogen stores. The results
      suggest that the increases in insulin-mediated glucose utilization and glycogen
      synthesis in muscle after exercise are modulated by local contraction-induced
      factors.

PMID- 6430095
TI  - Polyamines in the response to intestinal obstruction.
AB  - The gastrointestinal mucosa immediately proximal to an intestinal obstruction
      becomes hyperplastic. Since mucosa that is distal to an obstruction atrophies, it
      appears that the adaptational response to obstruction is regulated by local
      factors. The hypothesis tested in these studies is that increased polyamine
      metabolism in the gut proximal to an obstruction is a required local event in the
      hyperplastic process. Ligation of either rat ileum or colon resulted within 66 h
      in a doubling of total RNA, DNA, and protein content in the 2 cm of mucosa
      immediately proximal to the tie. The trophic response was accompanied by an
      increase in primary amine content of the intestinal chyme in the segment of gut
      under investigation. These amines were not removed from intestinal chyme by 24 h
      of lyophilization, suggesting that the more volatile short-carbon-chain aliphatic
      amines were of limited importance. Subsequent studies focused on polyamine
      metabolism. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was increased in the mucosa
      proximal to obstruction. In the ileum, ODC activity was increased 10-fold over
      control values and in the colon about 2-fold. Increased ODC activity was
      accompanied by corresponding increases in mucosal polyamine content. Finally,
      treatment of rats with difluoromethylornithine, a selective, irreversible
      inhibitor of ODC, partially prevented the trophic response to intestinal
      obstruction.

PMID- 6430096
TI  - Direct measurement of duodenal acid-pepsin exposure at site of ulceration in
      rats.
AB  - A new technique for the preparation of a chronic duodenal fistula in the rat is
      described. The effect of cysteamine and propionitrile on the acidity of duodenal
      contents was studied, and the degree of acidity correlated with the respective
      duodenal ulcerogenicity of these two compounds. After subcutaneous administration
      of cysteamine, reduced duodenal acid was seen for 2-4 h, followed by large
      increases continuing up to 12 h and declining thereafter. Oral cysteamine
      administration produced acid increases of rapid onset and shorter duration,
      accompanied by increased pepsin activity. The weak duodenal ulcerogen
      propionitrile did not affect duodenal acidity. Cimetidine markedly reduced the
      duodenal acidification induced by cysteamine, whereas the dopamine agonist
      bromocriptine did not affect acid delivery to the duodenum but reduced the pepsin
      activity in the duodenal contents by 50%. The duodenal fistula rat provides a new
      model system for studies on the pathogenesis of experimental duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6430097
TI  - On the mechanism of luminal CO2 generation during jejunal bicarbonate absorption.
AB  - The mechanism of the increase in luminal CO2 tension (PCO2) that accompanies
      jejunal HCO-3 absorption is unknown. One possibility is that mucosal metabolism
      and the reaction of absorbed HCO-3 with blood buffers in mucosal capillaries
      govern luminal PCO2. To evaluate this possibility, jejunal segments of
      anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused in vivo with modified
      Ringer solutions with varying PCO2 levels (0-141 mmHg). Arterial PCO2 was varied
      by mechanical ventilation (20-70 mmHg). The net flux of CO2 gas into bulk luminal
      fluid varied directly with the transmucosal PCO2 gradient both in the absence (r
      = 0.98, P less than 0.001) and presence of net HCO-3 absorption (r = 0.97, P less
      than 0.001). The apparent permeability coefficient for CO2 gas across the jejunal
      mucosa was relatively low (2 X 10(-4) cm3 X s-1 X cm length -1) and was not
      affected by net HCO-3 absorption. Under conditions of equal arterial blood and
      perfusate PCO2 levels (40 mmHg), the PCO2 in mucosa and effluent was 51 and 44
      mmHg, respectively, in the absence and 62 and 48 mmHg, respectively, in the
      presence of net HCO-3 absorption. These results suggest that CO2 diffuses from
      the mucosal region into bulk liminal fluid during net HCO-3 absorption in the rat
      jejunum. In addition, we found in vitro that the elevation of mucosal PCO2 above
      arterial PCO2 during net HCO-3 absorption can be quantitatively accounted for by
      metabolism and the admixture of absorbed HCO-3 with blood buffers.

PMID- 6430098
TI  - Effects of sodium intake on steady-state potassium excretion.
AB  - The effects of changes in sodium intake on the steady-state relationship between
      plasma potassium concentration and potassium excretion were studied in 15
      chronically adrenalectomized dogs. Throughout the experiments the dogs received
      aldosterone at a rate of 50 micrograms/day and methylprednisolone at 1 mg/day.
      The relationship between plasma potassium and steady-state potassium excretion
      was obtained by changing potassium intake from 10 to 30 to 100 meq/day, each
      level being maintained for 7-10 days. At the conclusion of each period at a given
      level of potassium intake, plasma potassium and excretion were measured and
      plotted, plasma potassium being the independent variable. Such a relationship was
      obtained while the dogs were on three different levels of sodium intake: 10, 100,
      and 200 meq/day. The curves from the data obtained at 100 and 200 meq/day sodium
      intake both were shifted to the left of the curve obtained at 10 meq/day (P less
      than 0.05), although the 100 and 200 meq/day curves were not different from each
      other. On the basis of these data one could predict that, at a plasma potassium
      concentration of 4.0 meq/liter, the animals would excrete potassium at a rate of
      17 meq/day on a 10 meq/day sodium intake, 37 meq/day on a 100 meq/day sodium
      intake, and 47 meq/day on a 200 meq/day sodium intake. Urine flow and electrolyte
      concentration data are consistent with the hypothesis that the sodium intake
      effect on potassium excretion was mediated through increases in distal nephron
      flow rate and decreases in distal nephron potassium concentration.

PMID- 6430099
TI  - Anoxic cell swelling dissociated from excess permeability by poorly penetrating
      solutes.
AB  - Increased plasma membrane permeability, cell swelling, and cell death are
      consequences of metabolic energy deprivation. Rabbit retinas were incubated in an
      oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing glucose. The incubating
      medium was modified by causing anoxia and glucose deprivation with one of the
      following treatments: addition of 97 mM mannitol, equimolar substitution of
      choline+ for Na+, or substitution of isethionate- for Cl-. Some retinas were
      resupplied with oxygen and glucose to determine the consequences of solute
      manipulation. Water compartments and membrane permeability were assayed using
      [3H]inulin and [14C]mannitol. Abnormal nuclei were counted on blind-coded slides.
      Both treatments prevented doubling of inulin-free water of untreated retinas
      after 70 min of deprivation. Neither treatment preserved morphology or prevented
      massive swelling after restoration of oxygen and glucose and gradual removal of
      the treatment. Mannitol leaked into deprived cells only, even when swelling was
      prevented. We conclude that prophylaxis of cell swelling during metabolic energy
      deprivation prevents neither cell leakiness nor cell death.

PMID- 6430100
TI  - Cytoplasmic surface and intramembrane components of rat heart gap junctional
      proteins.
AB  - Gap junctions were purified from rat hearts in the presence of absence of
      proteolysis inhibitors and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electron microscopy of thin sections. In absence
      of proteolysis inhibitors or in presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or
      leupeptin, gap junctions contained a single major protein band at relative
      molecular weight (Mr) 29,500 and minor bands at Mr 44,000-47,000, 17,750, and
      16,500 and showed smooth cytoplasmic surfaces in electron micrographs. SDS-PAGE
      of junctions prepared with phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) showed markedly
      decreased intensity of the Mr 29,500 band and increased intensity of bands at Mr
      44,000, 45,500, and 47,000; electron microscopy of these gap junctions showed
      presence of a fuzzy layer on their cytoplasmic surfaces. Urea (8 M) could not
      remove this fuzzy layer. In electron micrographs of rat ventricular myocytes,
      cytoplasmic surfaces of gap junctions were fuzzy. We conclude that rat heart gap
      junction protein consists of an intramembrane component (Mr 29,500) that extends
      into the "gap" and a cytoplasmic surface component (Mr 14,500-17,500) that
      corresponds to the fuzzy layer and is hydrolyzable by a serine protease.

PMID- 6430101
TI  - Aggregate-carrying membranes during ADH stimulation and washout in toad bladder.
AB  - Aggregates of intramembrane particles are found in cytoplasmic structures that we
      now term "aggrephores." Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes aggrephores to fuse
      with the luminal membrane. Aggregates subsequently become dispersed in the
      membrane and behave as sites for water flow. In the present studies we examined
      further the behavior of aggrephores. 1) Bladders stimulated for 10, 30, or 60 min
      in the absence of an osmotic gradient had two to three times more fusions as
      those stimulated in the presence of a gradient, indicating that aggrephore fusion
      frequency is influenced by water flow. 2) ADH stimulation did not change the
      projected luminal surface area of granular cells. Thus fused aggrephores remain
      fixed while aggregates move from the aggrephore to flat areas of luminal
      membrane. 3) Horseradish peroxidase, present in the mucosal baths of bladders
      stimulated with and then washed of ADH, was found in the lumen of cytoplasmic
      aggrephores; aggrephores therefore detach from the luminal membrane during
      washout. The same bladders had about twice as many multivesicular body-type
      lysosomes as unstimulated bladders, suggesting that, after detachment,
      aggrephores may join or become lysosomes. 4) Colchicine did not affect the rate
      of disappearance of fusion sites during washout, whereas cytochalasin B slowed
      it, suggesting that aggrephore detachment depends of microfilaments, but not
      microtubules.

PMID- 6430102
TI  - Mechanisms of transport of L-histidine and beta-alanine in hamster small
      intestine.
AB  - Whole rings of hamster jejunum and ileum were used to study the uptake of L
      histidine (L-His) and beta-alanine (beta-Ala), the constituents of the dipeptide
      carnosine. The rate of uptake of L-His and beta-Ala (1 mM) was not significantly
      different in the jejunum compared with the ileum. Results of total influx (2 min)
      of 0.5-100 mM L-His suggested that transport was by more than one pathway, and
      the contribution of nonmediated component was calculated to be 0.24 mumol X g-1 X
      2 min-1 X mM-1 for both jejunum and ileum. The apparent affinity of L-His for a
      transporter was higher in the ileum (K iota, 8.0 mM) than the jejunum (Kt, 11.7
      mM). Influx (2 min) of beta-Ala was found to be linearly related to substrate
      concentration over the range 0.5-100 mM. The Kd (rate constant for nonmediated
      uptake of beta-Ala) was 0.23 and 0.14 mumol X g-1 X 2 min-1 X mM-1 for jejunum
      and ileum, respectively. Steady-state (20-min) uptake of L-His was significantly
      higher in the ileum than jejunum at substrate concentrations of 75 mM. L-His
      accumulated in the tissue up to a medium concentration of 50 mM in the jejunum
      and 75 mM in the ileum. In contrast, no evidence of tissue accumulation of beta
      Ala was found in 20-min incubations. beta-Ala steady-state uptake in the ileum
      was significantly higher than in the jejunum at substrate concentrations of 30
      and 75 mM.

PMID- 6430103
TI  - Pepsinogen secretion from dispersed chief cells from guinea pig stomach.
AB  - In the present study we examined the actions of various secretagogues on
      pepsinogen secretion from freshly dispersed chief cells prepared from guinea pig
      stomach. Chief cells were obtained by preparing dispersed gastric glands,
      subjecting the glands to mechanical disruption in the presence of EGTA, and
      fractionating the resulting mucosal cells on a Percoll density gradient. Chief
      cells constituted 90% of the final cell suspension and cell viability was 99%. In
      these cells, pepsinogen secretion was stimulated by agents whose actions are
      probably mediated by calcium: carbachol, cholecystokinin, and A23187. Pepsinogen
      secretion was also stimulated by agents whose actions are probably mediated by
      cAMP: secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and 8-bromo-cAMP. Reducing the
      incubation temperature from 37 degrees to 4 degrees C or adding carbonyl cyanide
      m-chlorophenylhydrazone abolished secretagogue-induced pepsinogen secretion.
      These results indicate that freshly dispersed chief cells from guinea pig stomach
      are responsive to secretagogues and provide a suitable model for investigating
      cellular mechanisms of secretagogue-induced pepsinogen secretion.

PMID- 6430104
TI  - Analysis of the factors influencing peritubular PCO2 in the rat.
AB  - We have developed a mathematical model to assess the relative contributions of
      several factors to the high CO2 partial pressures observed in rat peritubular
      capillaries. This model is based on a single nephron and focuses specifically on
      the CO2 partial pressure differences (delta PCO2) between peritubular capillaries
      and the afferent arteriole. The model is formulated by writing steady-state mass
      balances for the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and peritubular capillaries in
      addition to equilibrium relationships for CO2, HCO3-, blood protein buffers, and
      hemoglobin carbamino compounds. Principal input parameters include glomerular
      blood flow rate, rates of HCO3- and water reabsorption, and the rate of metabolic
      CO2 production. Under conditions representative of normal Munich-Wistar rats, the
      model predicts delta PCO2 to be 4.1 mmHg, in approximate agreement with
      experimental observations reported elsewhere. Metabolic CO2 production is
      responsible for roughly half of this predicted delta PCO2, the remainder being
      attributable to reabsorption processes. In examining the sensitivity of delta
      PCO2 to changes in physiological conditions, we consistently found it to be
      inversely related to glomerular blood flow rate. The influence of changes in HCO3
      reabsorption on delta PCO2 is variable and highly dependent on the arterial acid
      base status and the ratio of HCO3- reabsorption to water reabsorption.

PMID- 6430105
TI  - Proximal HCO3- reabsorption and the determinants of tubular and capillary PCO2 in
      the rat.
AB  - Studies were carried out in Munich-Wistar rats to define the CO2 partial pressure
      (PCO2) profile in the surface tubules and capillaries of the kidney and to relate
      these measurements to proximal tubular HCO3- reabsorption, renal blood flow, and
      O2 consumption. In euvolemic rats, PCO2 in Bowman's space (BS) was 12.5 mmHg
      higher than in arterial blood, indicating CO2 addition to the arterial tree as it
      traverses the cortex. PCO2 further rose by 3.9 mmHg between the efferent
      arteriole (EA) and the peritubular capillaries (PC) (P less than 0.01) and by 4.9
      mmHg between BS and the early proximal tubule (EP) (P less than 0.01). In studies
      with paired measurements, PCO2 in EP was 1.8 mmHg higher than in the adjacent PC
      (P less than 0.05). HCO3- reabsorption in EP (first 0.4-1.25 mm) was 579 pmol X
      min-1 X mm-1 (34.3 +/- 4.6% of the filtered load). By use of a model of
      facilitated diffusion of CO2 across the cell, the trans-epithelial PCO2 gradient
      in EP can be accounted for by the CO2 generated from HCO3- reabsorption, assuming
      an intracellular pH of 7.3. In the vascular compartment, roughly half the rise in
      PCO2 between the afferent arteriole (estimated to equal BS PCO2) and PC can be
      accounted for by metabolic CO2 production and half by titration of blood buffers
      by reabsorbed HCO3-.

PMID- 6430106
TI  - Effects of acidosis and carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the elasmobranch rectal
      gland.
AB  - We studied the effects of acidosis and carbonic anhydrase inhibition on rectal
      gland fluid secretion. In the anesthetized dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias,
      volume expanded by a constant infusion of Ringer solution, fluid formation was
      halved by severe systemic metabolic and respiratory acidosis (pH approximately
      7.10) and carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Mild respiratory acidosis (pH
      approximately 7.6) equivalent to the measured systemic pH during carbonic
      anhydrase inhibition was without effect. Inhibition of rectal gland enzyme
      produced severe glandular acidosis, which is indicated by an increase in gland
      fluid PCO2 (from 7 to 26 mmHg) and HCO3- (from 1.2 to 2.4 mM) and a decrease in
      pH (from 6.7 to 6.4). Gland tissue total CO2 dropped from 18 to 11 mmol/kg. These
      changes occurred despite nearly 50% reduction in fluid formation, O2 consumption,
      and CO2 output. We propose that carbonic anhydrase facilitates CO2 transfer from
      sites of metabolism to capillary blood by its conversion to HCO3-. This maintains
      a tolerable intracellular acid-base milieu during stimulated fluid secretion.

PMID- 6430107
TI  - The limits of cost-effectiveness.

PMID- 6430108
TI  - Creating a progressive health agenda. 1983 presidential address.

PMID- 6430109
TI  - Willingness to pay for reduction in fatality risk: an exploratory survey.
AB  - Willingness to pay surveys represent one method for measuring the benefit of
      health and life saving programs. However, the reliability and validity of survey
      responses to questions concerning the reduction of fatality or injury risks have
      been questioned. The results of a survey of 77 senior year undergraduate students
      show that reasonable appearing and consistent responses to willingness to pay
      questions on car crash protection can be obtained. However, the implied value of
      life was over 100 times greater for an unidentified life than for the
      respondent's own life. Also, no relationship was found between willingness to pay
      responses and variables reflecting respondent's rational considerations. These
      paradoxical results seem to be due to the mistaken assumptions that people employ
      rational considerations when responding to willingness to pay questions and that
      they are capable of matching their responses with the functional relationship
      (proportionality) underlying implied value of life calculations.

PMID- 6430110
TI  - Heterogeneous expression of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor by cardiac myxoma
      cells.
AB  - The expression of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF), a marker for
      endothelial differentiation, was examined immunohistochemically in normal cardiac
      tissue and seven cardiac myxomas. In normal tissue, FVIII/vWF was detected in the
      surface endocardial cells and the vascular endothelial cells. In tumors, the
      isolated myxoma cells and the small groups and cords of myxoma cells did not
      express FVIII/vWF. Some of the surface cells contained FVIII/v/WF, but most did
      not. The predominant sites of FVIII/vWF localization were the multilayered,
      concentric vascular structures. In most of these, FVIII/vWF was present only in
      the inner layer of cells immediately surrounding the vascular lumens. In some,
      however, intense staining was present in both the inner and outer cell layers. In
      general, the FVIII/vWF-positive cells had the appearance of endothelial cells.
      These observations correlate with the recognized histologic, histochemical, and
      ultrastructural heterogeneity of cardiac myxoma cells, and conform to the current
      view that such cellular heterogeneity arises via the divergent differentiation of
      multipotential mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 6430111
TI  - Percutaneous gastrostomy. A new simplified and cost-effective technique.
AB  - A refined endoscopically controlled percutaneous tube gastrostomy has been
      described in detail, and the experience gained in 28 patients has been reported
      herein. A majority of the patients had severe underlying neurologic disorders,
      malignancy of the oral pharynx or esophagus or chronic intestinal obstruction due
      to advanced malignancy. The three groups of patients were analyzed regarding
      mortality and morbidity. Three minor complications occurred in the entire group,
      and three in-hospital deaths occurred which were unrelated to the tube. In
      addition, four other patients died from their underlying disease several months
      after discharge from the hospital. Analysis of this technique has shown it to be
      safe, easy to perform, and acceptable to the patients and supporting personnel. A
      cost analysis showed significant savings when this technique was utilized instead
      of operative gastrostomy.

PMID- 6430112
TI  - Parenteral nutrition-induced gallbladder disease: a reason for early
      cholecystectomy.
AB  - Patients who receive long-term parenteral nutrition have an increased incidence
      of both calculous and acalculous cholecystitis. In an attempt to establish
      guidelines for the clinical management of patients with TPN-induced gallbladder
      disease, we have reviewed the records of 35 patients who have undergone
      cholecystectomy for this problem since 1976 at the UCLA Medical Center. The mean
      age of the 23 adult and 12 children who had cholecystectomy was 29.1 years. Forty
      percent of these patients required emergency cholecystectomy. The overall
      operative morbidity was 54 percent, and the hospital mortality was 11 percent.
      Significant factors contributing to this high rate of complications included a
      delay in diagnosis, especially in the young children, and increased operative
      difficulty due to extensive adhesions and intraoperative hemorrhage. Our analysis
      suggests that patients receiving long-term TPN should have a program of
      ultrasound surveillance for gallstone formation, elective cholecystectomy when
      stones first appear, and consideration of cholecystectomy at the time of
      laparotomy performed for other reasons. Whether TPN-induced gallstones can be
      prevented through daily stimulated gallbladder emptying awaits the results of
      future studies.

PMID- 6430113
TI  - [Characteristics of the changes in hypophyseal gonadotropic function during the
      treatment of uterine cancer patients].

PMID- 6430114
TI  - [Hormonal regulation of the gestation process].

PMID- 6430115
TI  - Erectile impotence in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - Erectile impotence is a common complaint in alcoholics, but its mechanism is
      unknown. We have studied nocturnal penile erection in 13 alcoholics who
      complained of impotence. Seven had normal erections and their impotence was
      therefore psychogenic. Six were found to have diminished or absent nocturnal
      erections. Plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
      luteinizing hormone (LH) were elevated in this latter group, with the exception
      of one patient who had only raised FSH. They also had more evidence of
      neurological damage than the other seven alcoholics, and two had evidence of
      damage to the parasympathetic nervous system. Investigation of erection during
      sleep in alcoholic patients with impotence may be useful in differentiating
      clinically between patients with psychogenic causes and patients with organic
      causes of impotence.

PMID- 6430116
TI  - Guanyl-C8-arylamination of DNA by the ultimate carcinogen of 4-nitroquinoline-1
      oxide: a spectrophotometric titration.
AB  - Native and denatured DNAs and polynucleotides were modified by 4
      acetoxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide, the ultimate carcinogen of 4-nitroquinoline-1
      oxide (4 NQO). The N-( deoxyguanosin -C8-yl)-4-aminoquinoline-1-oxide adduct, the
      so-called "dG III," was quantified on the DNA and on poly(dG-dC) in absorption
      spectroscopy, by using a spectral property of dG III, i.e., the variation of the
      absorption spectrum as a function of the pH. Using the "free-dG III" absorption
      reference spectra, a simple graphic determination of the percentage of dG III was
      established by recording the absorption spectra of the 4-acetoxyaminoquinoline-1
      oxide-modified polymers. It was found that the dG III adduct accounts for about
      30% of the total modification in the case of native modified DNA and poly(dG-dC)
      and for about 70% in the case of denatured modified DNA.

PMID- 6430117
TI  - An assay for selective determination of exo-1,4,-beta-glucanases in a mixture of
      cellulolytic enzymes.
AB  - A selective procedure using synthetic substrates for determination of exo-1,4,
      beta-glucanases in a mixture of exoglucanases , endoglucanases , and beta
      glucosidases is formulated. The heterobiosides , p- nithrophenyl -beta-D-
      cellobioside ( pNPC ) or p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-lactoside ( pNPL ), were used as
      selective substrates for the measurement of exoglucanase activity. The
      exoglucanases (especially cellobiohydrolases , which split off cellobiose units
      from the nonreducing end of the cellulose chain) specifically act on the
      agluconic bond (between p-nitrophenyl and the disaccharide moiety) and not on the
      holosidic bond (between the two glucose units of cellobiose). The interfering
      effect of beta-glucosidase, which acts on both agluconic and holosidic bonds, is
      overcome by the addition of D-glucono-1,5-delta-lactone, a specific inhibitor of
      beta-glucosidases. The interference of endoglucanases , which also act on both
      agluconic and holosidic bonds, can be compensated for by prior standardization of
      the assay procedure with a purified endoglucanase from the studied mixture of
      cellulases.

PMID- 6430118
TI  - Microquantitation of insoluble tissue collagen (types I and III) by radiodilution
      assay.
AB  - The individual collagen types of the extracellular matrix of small tissue samples
      have been difficult to quantitate accurately both due to their marked
      insolubility and their relatively low immunogenicity. Thus no microassay with the
      sensitivity of a radioimmunoassay is currently available for quantitation of
      insoluble collagen types I and III in extremely small tissue samples. A
      radiochemical assay has been developed which allows direct processing of small
      tissue samples containing as little as 1-3 micrograms of a given collagen alpha
      chain. Unprocessed lyophilized tissues were digested with cyanogen bromide (CNBr)
      in the presence of a tritiated probe containing a soluble mixture of 3H-alpha
      1(I) and 3H-alpha 1(III) collagen previously extracted and purified from tissue
      minces incubated with [3H]leucine. The resulting mix of radiolabeled peptides was
      separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gels. Reduction of
      the specific radioactivity of free leucine in acid hydrolysates of each
      individual CNBr peptide can be used to quantitate the amount of collagen types I
      or III in the original sample. Similar radiodilution analysis using a 3H-alpha
      2(I) probe indicated a normal 2:1 ratio of alpha chains of type I collagen in the
      tissues tested. This method is also applicable to cell culture, easily measuring
      the collagen associated with fibroblast cell layers or medium in individual
      microtiter wells. When applied to various tissues of known collagen-type
      composition, it provides reproducible results which compare well with values
      published in the literature.

PMID- 6430119
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay for secretin.
AB  - A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for secretin was developed with the
      use of enzyme-labeled antigens. Synthetic porcine secretin and its carboxy
      terminal fragments (residues 11-27 and 18-27) were conjugated with beta-D
      galactosidase for use in the immunoassay, and the assay method with the latter
      fragment (residues 18-27) linked to beta-D-galactosidase was found to be the most
      sensitive. The minimum amount of secretin detectable by this method was 1-2.5
      pg/assay. Serum levels of secretin after intravenous injection of the peptide in
      rats were determined by both the enzyme immunoassay and a commercial
      radioimmunoassay kit. The correlation coefficient between the levels measured by
      the two methods was 0.984. The enzyme immunoassay could detect immunoreactive
      secretin levels in normal human sera, giving a value of 16.9 +/- 2.2 pg/ml (mean
      +/- SE of six human subjects).

PMID- 6430120
TI  - Purification of human lysozyme from milk and pancreatic juice.
AB  - Human milk lysozyme was purified by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and
      Sepharose 4B gel-permeation chromatography. This procedure was also found
      applicable to the purification of human pancreatic juice lysozyme. Double
      diffusion analyses indicated that human milk lysozyme was immunochemically
      identical to human saliva and human pancreatic juice lysozyme. Based on the
      identity of the N-terminal 10-amino-acid-residue sequence analyzed, it was
      suggested that human milk lysozyme and human pancreatic juice lysozyme are
      identical molecular entities.

PMID- 6430121
TI  - Comparison of polyvinyl chloride membrane electrodes sensitive to
      alkylphosphonium ions for the determination of the electrical difference (delta
      psi) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei.
AB  - Polyvinyl chloride membrane electrodes sensitive to tetraphenyl phosphonium
      (TPP+), butyltriphenyl phosphonium ( bTPP +), and methyltriphenyl phosphonium (
      mTPP +) ions have been compared for the determination of the electrical potential
      difference (delta psi) of the oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans DR0001 /6 and
      Lactobacillus casei RB1014 . All three types of electrode proved suitable for
      determining delta psi, although the TPP+-sensitive electrode was particularly
      susceptible to interference by protonmotive force (delta p) dissipators known to
      inhibit sugar uptake by the bacteria. The mTPP +-sensitive electrode was the
      least affected. Similarly, both strains had a high nonspecific binding capacity
      for TPP+ and bTPP + ions, and this increased for all three ions when the bacteria
      were heated to 80 degrees C for 1 h to abolish glucose uptake and metabolism.
      This heat-treatment procedure is therefore not a suitable control for
      determination of nonspecific binding to cells. However, 1% (v/v) toluene, 20
      microM gramicidin, or 10 microM valinomycin effectively depolarized the bacteria
      without interfering with nonspecific binding. The ionophores were therefore used
      subsequently for the determination of nonspecific binding of the lipid-soluble
      cations. The mTPP + ion and corresponding electrode proved the most effective
      system, and delta psi values of -89 and -107 mV were obtained for S. mutans and
      L. casei, respectively, harvested from glucose-limited continuous cultures and
      incubated in 100 mM Hepes-KOH buffer (pH 7.0), containing 1 mM dithiothreitol and
      10 mM glucose. Although the delta psi of S. mutans decreased significantly in the
      presence of Mes-KOH and potassium phosphate buffers at pH 7.0, it increased to 
      119 mV in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430122
TI  - Pyridine borane as a reducing agent for proteins.
AB  - Pyridine borane has been reported as a superior reagent over a wide pH range, 5
      9, for the reductive methylation of amino groups of proteins with formaldehyde
      [J. C. Cabacungan , A. I. Ahmed , and R. E. Feeney (1982) Anal. Biochem. 124, 272
      278]. It has also been reported to reduce tryptophan to dihydrotryptophan and to
      inactivate lysozyme in trifluoroacetic acid [M. Kurata , Y. Kikugawa , T. Kuwae ,
      I. Koyama , and T. Takagi (1980) Chem. Pharm . Bull 28, 2274-2275]. In the
      present study the specificity of pyridine borane for the two different
      modifications under different reaction conditions has been demonstrated, and
      extended to the application to the synthesis of protein containing reductively
      attached carbohydrates. In the acid reduction, pyridine borane selectively
      reduced all six tryptophans in lysozyme to dihydrotryptophan while all other
      amino acids remained intact. On similar treatment no cleavage of the carbohydrate
      moiety from chicken ovomucoid, and no losses of activity of ovomucoid or
      ribonuclease, two proteins devoid of tryptophan, were observed. Nearly complete
      methylation of the lysines of lysozyme, chicken ovomucoid, and ribonuclease was
      achieved with formaldehyde at pH 7.0 after 2 h at room temperature, with the
      retention of full activity of the protein without any destruction of tryptophan.
      The same chemistry was applied to covalently attach glucose and lactose to bovine
      serum albumin. Parameters, including pH, temperature, and methanol, that affect
      the reactions were investigated. Incremental additions of pyridine borane during
      the course of the reactions increased the rate of modification. The covalent
      attachment of sugar to the epsilon-amino group of lysine was demonstrated by the
      synthesis of N-alpha- acetylglucitollysine and comparison with acid hydrolysates
      of the bovine serum albumin-sugar derivatives.

PMID- 6430123
TI  - Assay of galactosyltransferase by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Galactosyltransferase catalyzes transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to
      glucose or N-acetylglucosamine with resultant formation of galactosides and UDP.
      In this new assay galactosyltransferase activity is measured by determining UDP
      by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography on an amino-bonded column
      monitored spectrophotometrically. Concurrently, unreacted UDP-galactose and
      breakdown products arising from UDP-galactose (UMP and uridine) are also
      determined. The new technique does not require radioactive substrates, permits
      usage of saturating concentrations of UDP-galactose, and provides monitoring of
      side reactions.

PMID- 6430124
TI  - Use of 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide for the spectrophotometric determination of
      halogenated derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline.

PMID- 6430125
TI  - Correlation between serum immunoreactive inhibin, gonadotrophins and
      spermatogenesis.
AB  - Serum inhibin, LH and FSH were measured in infertile married men. A negative
      correlation between FSH/LH ratio and serum inhibin levels was observed.
      Comparison of serum inhibin and FSH levels with testicular histology indicated an
      association between the formation of spermatids and the elevation of inhibin
      levels. A plot of serum inhibin levels versus testicular inhibin levels (ng/100
      mg protein) showed an excellent correlation.

PMID- 6430126
TI  - Boar proacrosin correlation between total proacrosin content and sperm
      fertilizing capacity.
AB  - A method of acidic extraction at pH-1.3 was used for quantitative estimation of
      the proacrosin and acrosin content in boar spermatozoa after various times of
      storage in four different sperm dilutors. The proacrosin and acrosin contents
      were correlated with the results of biological tests for sperm penetration in
      zona-free hamster eggs and sperm survival. The results have shown that proacrosin
      quantitation should be a convenient biochemical test of sperm fertilizing
      capacity.

PMID- 6430127
TI  - Resting ventilation measurements may be misleading.

PMID- 6430128
TI  - Inadvertent inspiration of carbon dioxide.

PMID- 6430129
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of halothane anesthesia during chronic anemia.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of halothane anesthesia in chronically anemic mongrel
      dogs were evaluated. Control and anemic animals (13.7 +/- 0.4 g/dl hemoglobin
      mean +/- SE vs. 3.4 +/- 0.3 g/dl) were exposed to 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25% inspired
      halothane and changes in cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), dp/dt, heart work,
      heart efficiency, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), mean arterial blood
      pressure (MABP), central venous pressure (CVP), left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (LVDP), left coronary blood flow (CBF), systemic vascular resistance
      (SVR), and myocardial lactate metabolism were measured and compared. Anemic dogs
      showed a significantly lower SVR at each halothane dose when compared with
      controls. In addition, SVR progressively decreased with increasing halothane in
      anemic dogs, while SVR remained unchanged in controls. CO, CBF, MVO2, and heart
      work all were significantly greater in anemic canines compared with controls with
      each halothane concentration. Heart efficiency, dp/dt, HR, and MABP were not
      significantly different in anemic and control dogs. Neither control nor anemic
      dogs demonstrated myocardial hypoxia as evidenced by a lack of myocardial lactate
      production. The results from this study suggest that anemic animals appear to
      tolerate large concentrations of halothane.

PMID- 6430130
TI  - Halothane effects on ATP content and uridine uptake and phosphorylation in
      Tetrahymena pyriformis.
AB  - The effects of halothane on uptake and phosphorylation of uridine, and on
      cellular ATP content were studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliate protozoan.
      Exposure to halothane inhibited the accumulation of 14C-uridine into the
      following acid-soluble intracellular pools: UTP, UDP, UMP, and an unidentified
      compound. Halothane did not alter ATP content of intact cells. It is concluded
      that inhibition by halothane of uridine incorporation into RNA of T. pyriformis
      is due to effects on uridine uptake and/or phosphorylation and not due to
      inhibition of the RNA polymerase reaction or reduction of ATP content.

PMID- 6430131
TI  - [Controlled hypotension using intravenously administered nitroglycerin during
      combined general anesthesia and surgery].

PMID- 6430132
TI  - Emergency medicine redux: the rise and fall of a community medical specialty.
AB  - The specialty of Emergency Medicine has evolved circuitously . The poor relation
      of medicine, previously the domain of moonlighting dermatologists and semi
      retired physicians, we considered it a diamond in the rough, a wealth of
      opportunity hidden by the prejudice of established specialties . We tailored the
      discipline to meet our needs and desires. As we created form from void, we
      generated an interest in a practical area of medicine previously indulged only
      theoretically. Now we are enlarging geometrically as a specialty and have
      discovered that our actual role as practicing physicians in the community
      hospital setting has turned out differently than we had conceived in training. As
      we overpower the available market by expanding our numbers, we are learning about
      some practical realities that are only now becoming apparent.

PMID- 6430133
TI  - Facial paralysis and epistaxis in a diabetic: a typical presentation for
      rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
AB  - A 60-year-old, poorly controlled diabetic presented to the emergency department
      with "facial swelling." She was found to have epistaxis and ipsilateral palsies
      of cranial nerves I through IX. An ischemic area of the left hard palate was also
      noted, leading to the diagnosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. This disease,
      inevitably lethal if untreated, should be sought in all diabetics with signs or
      symptoms suggestive of sinus or neurological disease.

PMID- 6430134
TI  - Caprine aflatoxicosis: experimental disease and clinical pathologic changes.
AB  - Groups of 8 male crossbreed domestic goats were given 3 dosage levels of
      aflatoxin B1 [(AFB1) mg/kg of body weight/day] orally: 0.1 for 34 days; 0.2 for
      18 days; or 0.4 for 10 days. Clinical condition, feed consumption, and selected
      blood values were determined. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed
      consumption, slight-to-moderate loss of body weight, mucopurulent nasal
      discharge, dyspnea, coughing, lethargy, icterus, diarrhea (4 goats), and
      subnormal body temperature 24 to 48 hours before death. Clinicopathologic changes
      included increases in total RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum
      bilirubin concentration, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase,
      isocitric dehydrogenase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. Goats given the 2
      smaller dosage levels of AFB1 had slight increases of serum total protein (TP)
      concentration compared with control goats, but goats given the larger dosage
      levels of AFB1 initially had a slight decrease in TP. Aflatoxin had little effect
      on total WBC count. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in goats
      given the 2 larger dosage levels of AFB1 were similar to those of control goats,
      but goats given the smallest dosage level of AFB1 had increased serum ALT
      activities. Aflatoxin did not produce consistent dose-related changes in serum
      alkaline phosphatase activities. Seemingly, goats are susceptible to aflatoxin.
      Onset of clinical signs was dose-related. Onset and magnitude of increases in
      PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and activities of
      serum aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and isocitric
      dehydrogenase were dose-related. Changes in TP and activities of serum ALT and
      alkaline phosphatase were neither dose-related nor were they potentially useful
      indicators of toxicosis.

PMID- 6430135
TI  - Hemolysis in gel test for detection of bovine antibodies to Brucella abortus:
      comparison of antigens and test modifications.
AB  - Killed Brucella abortus strain 1119-3 cells were treated with hot phenol/water or
      dimethyl sulfoxide to extract soluble crude lipopolysaccharide antigen. Antigen
      preparations were characterized with respect to protein and lipopolysaccharide
      content and were compared for efficacy in the hemolysis-in-gel test (HIGT) for
      detecting anti-Brucella antibodies. All antigens were equally effective in
      sensitizing bovine RBC in the HIGT and in detecting the presence of anti-Brucella
      antibodies. A slide modification of the HIGT was developed and compared with the
      plate HIGT. Seemingly, both tests were comparable.

PMID- 6430136
TI  - Thiourea causes endothelial cells in tissue culture to produce neutrophil
      chemoattractant activity.
AB  - We describe neutrophil chemoattractant activity that is produced by cultured
      bovine aortic and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells when incubated with
      thiourea, a substance that causes increased permeability pulmonary edema in
      animals. The chemoattractant activity was present in culture supernates and cell
      lysates of endothelial cells incubated with thiourea but was not present in
      untreated cells. Production of chemoattractant activity was not associated with
      cell death; viable cell counts and cell homogenate angiotensin converting enzyme
      levels were not affected, and Cr release was only slightly elevated after
      incubation with thiourea. At least 1.5 h of incubation with 0.5 mM thiourea was
      necessary for generation of neutrophil chemoattractant activity. Culture
      supernates from pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and lung fibroblasts did
      not show increased neutrophil chemoattractant activity after incubation with
      thiourea. The chemoattractant had both chemokinetic and chemotactic properties,
      was heat stable, and was extractable into organic solvents. Meclofenamate, a
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor, minimally inhibited chemoattractant production, whereas
      5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase, completely abolished generation of chemoattractant activity,
      suggesting that the activity could be a product of arachidonic acid metabolism.
      These results demonstrate that endothelial cells can produce a substance(s) with
      neutrophil chemotactic activity. Production of neutrophil chemoattractant
      activity by endothelial cells could be important in polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      accumulation at injured vascular sites.

PMID- 6430137
TI  - Inspiratory muscle strength and body composition in patients receiving total
      parenteral nutrition therapy.
AB  - We examined the relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and body
      composition in 59 patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
      Inspiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory
      pressure (Pm) after a tidal expiration, with the patient supine and the nose
      occluded. Body composition was determined by multiple isotope dilution. Body cell
      mass (BCM) and extracellular mass were estimated by measuring total exchangeable
      potassium (Ke) and total exchangeable sodium (Nae), respectively; Nae/Ke, an
      index of the nutritional state, was calculated from these values. The effect of
      changes in muscle mass was evaluated in 29 of the patients by simultaneous
      determination of Pm and body composition, prior to and at 2-wk intervals during
      TPN therapy. The Pm was lower (mean +/- 1 SE:33.5 +/- 2.8 cm H2O) in malnourished
      patients than in those who were in the normal Nae/Ke range (45.3 +/- 4.8 cm H2O,
      p less than 0.05). Loss of strength was related to reduction in muscle mass
      because BCM was also reduced in malnourished patients (15.6 +/- 0.8 kg) when
      compared to those with normal Nae/Ke (19.3 +/- 0.9 kg), (p less than 0.05), and
      Pm was positively correlated with BCM (r = 0.27, p less than 0.01). Changes in
      BCM were accompanied by appropriate changes in Pm during the study period (r =
      0.44, p less than 0.01); the majority (21 patients) showed improvement in both
      BCM and Pm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430138
TI  - Interaction between hyperosmolar and IgE-mediated histamine release from
      basophils and mast cells.
AB  - Because both hyperosmolar and IgE-dependent stimuli may be encountered in the
      airway, and because hyperosmolarity causes histamine release in basophils, we
      examined the effects of the 2 stimuli on human lung mast cells. Mast cells
      prepared by enzymatic digestion of human lung were suspended in buffers made
      hyperosmolar with mannitol. Significant histamine release was seen above 360
      mOsm/kg H2O, increasing to 11.9 +/- 1.0% at 770 mOsm/kg H2O, and release was
      synergistically enhanced by anti-IgE. Cells that had been rendered unresponsive
      to IgE-dependent stimuli by exposure to anti-IgE in the absence of Ca++ became
      markedly more responsive to hyperosmolar stimulation, and released as much as 32
      +/- 2% histamine in hyperosmolar buffers alone. Antigen-induced histamine release
      from the basophils of allergic donors was also synergistically enhanced in
      buffers above 460 mOsm/kg H2O. These data show that immunologic and
      nonimmunologic stimuli may interact, and that human lung mast cells are capable
      of mediator release when exposed to osmolarities that may occur in the airway,
      especially during hyperventilation. Hyperosmolar mediator release is a plausible
      mechanism by which exercise-induced hyperventilation might induce asthma.

PMID- 6430139
TI  - Phage-typing and drug-resistance patterns as tools in mycobacterial epidemiology.
AB  - Phage-typing by itself was not sufficient to delineate the boundaries of a mini
      epidemic of tuberculosis in upstate New York. Drug-resistance patterns were
      needed as well. In a small upstate community, 79% of 14 isolates tested were
      resistant to one or more of the antituberculosis drugs. Of 15 isolates with phage
      types determined, 47% were type 1(13), 27% were type 7(7, 13), and 27% were type
      1(7, 12, 13). By combining phage-typing and sensitivity testing, we were able to
      demonstrate that 4 or possibly 5 of the 7 phage-type 1(13) strains are
      epidemiologically related.

PMID- 6430140
TI  - Colon operations without wound infection. Principles and techniques in 101 cases.
AB  - A total of 101 consecutive elective colon operations were performed with no
      postoperative wound infection. Patients with a wide variety of diagnoses and
      procedures were included in the series. Many factors contribute to the formation
      of postoperative wound infections. A comprehensive approach with attention to
      preoperative nutritional assessment, bowel preparation, wound protection, sterile
      technique, closure of the incision, and systemic prophylactic antibiotics
      contributed to the overall good results.

PMID- 6430141
TI  - Proteinuria in gold-treated rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Treatment records of 1800 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were included in
      the clinical trials of auranofin in the United States were examined for data on
      development of proteinuria. Three percent (41) of 1283 auranofin-treated patients
      had an abnormal 24-hour urine protein level: 15 had mild (0.15 to 1 g/d), 17 had
      moderate (1 to 3.5 g/d), and 9 had heavy (greater than 3.5 g/d) proteinuria.
      Permanent renal impairment did not occur, and proteinuria did not persist beyond
      12 months in most patients. Seven of eight patients who were rechallenged when
      the proteinuria had cleared were able to continue treatment without relapse. No
      clinically discernible risk factors were found. Biopsy specimens from 4 patients
      showed membranous glomerulonephritis, which indicates an underlying
      immunopathologic mechanism. In similar groups of patients, the risk of developing
      proteinuria with auranofin therapy is significantly less than that with
      parenteral gold therapy (p less than 0.05) and similar to that with background
      therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (p = 0.92). The lower incidence
      and relatively benign nature of proteinuria seen in this review support previous
      findings that auranofin is better tolerated than injectable gold.

PMID- 6430142
TI  - Oral base replacement in patients on hemodialysis.
AB  - In a double-blind study, 12 patients on chronic hemodialysis received daily an
      average of 1.3 meq/kg body weight of oral sodium citrate for 8 weeks and a
      placebo solution for 8 weeks. Sodium citrate corrected predialysis metabolic
      acidosis (plasma pH 7.41 compared to 7.35; serum bicarbonate, 21.1 compared to
      17.0 meq/L) and the plasma arterial PCO2 was higher (33.8 compared to 31.2).
      Postdialysis serum bicarbonate was slightly higher, 22.7 compared to 21.0 but
      there was no significant difference in arterial pH. Weight gain between dialysis
      periods was 0.4 kg higher with sodium citrate (2.9 compared to 2.5 kg). There
      were no significant differences in other routine values, blood pressure, or
      symptoms during dialysis. Similar results were found in patients on acetate
      dialysate and in patients on bicarbonate dialysate.

PMID- 6430143
TI  - The radiometric detection and identification by gas liquid chromatography of
      mycobacteria from clinical specimens.

PMID- 6430144
TI  - Biology and chemistry of the carbonic anhydrases.

PMID- 6430145
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase: the middle years, 1945-1960, and introduction to pharmacology
      of sulfonamides.

PMID- 6430146
TI  - Isotope and pH effects on the dehydration of acetaldehyde hydrate by carbonic
      anhydrase.

PMID- 6430147
TI  - Molecular basis for catalytic activity changes in active-site-modified carbonic
      anhydrases: a13C magnetic resonance view.

PMID- 6430148
TI  - Kinetics of the hydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase III from
      skeletal muscle of the cat.

PMID- 6430149
TI  - Denaturation and renaturation of bovine and human cobalt-carbonic anhydrases in
      guanidine-HCI.

PMID- 6430150
TI  - Magnetic circular dichroic spectra of various ligand adducts of bovine carbonic
      anhydrase and high performance liquid chromatography of carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430151
TI  - Dynamic 13C NMR studies on the active site structure and kinetics of human
      carbonic anhydrase I.

PMID- 6430152
TI  - 13C NMR study of human and bovine carbonic anhydrases II.

PMID- 6430153
TI  - Conformational dynamics of bovine carbonic anhydrase II in a solution state as
      probed by the positron lifetime technique.

PMID- 6430154
TI  - Discovery, characterization, and study of some inhibition properties of two
      mammalian muscle carbonic anhydrases III.

PMID- 6430155
TI  - Comparative carbon dioxide hydration kinetics and inhibition of carbonic
      anhydrase isozymes in vertebrates.

PMID- 6430156
TI  - Active site studies on muscle carbonic anhydrase III.

PMID- 6430157
TI  - Some perspectives on carbonic anhydrase since 1960.

PMID- 6430158
TI  - Primary structures and genetic changes in mammalian carbonic anhydrase isozymes.

PMID- 6430159
TI  - Properties of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430160
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase in human platelets: effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition
      on platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6430161
TI  - Biochemical demonstration of carbonic anhydrase in the rat parotid secretion
      granules.

PMID- 6430162
TI  - The localization, purification and partial characterization of carbonic anhydrase
      in the face fly, Musca autumnalis.

PMID- 6430163
TI  - Chemical properties, distribution, and physiology of plant and algal carbonic
      anhydrases.
AB  - Plant carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have a range of molecular weights (MW). Among
      flowering plants, dicotyledons with C3 photosynthesis have two isoenzymes of 140
      250K each with 6 subunits, while monocotyledons have two isoenzymes of 42-45K.
      Plant and animal CAs have a similar amino acid content, subunit size and zinc
      content, suggesting they are homologous proteins, although the higher plant CAs
      have no esterase activity and are not strongly inhibited by sulfonamides. Algal
      CAs vary widely in MW and some are highly sensitive to sulfonamides like the
      animal enzymes. The two plant isoenzymes, from the chloroplast and cytosol, can
      be separated by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequently
      visualized by enzymic H+ ion production. In plants, CAs probably facilitate
      diffusion of CO2 to the site of photosynthetic fixation; they may also have a
      role in pH regulation, in the use of bicarbonate by aquatic plants and in
      concentrating inorganic carbon within the chloroplast.

PMID- 6430164
TI  - Human red cell carbonic anhydrase variants in Australasia.

PMID- 6430165
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase: zinc and the mechanism of catalysis.

PMID- 6430166
TI  - The value of inherited deficiencies of human carbonic anhydrase isozymes in
      understanding their cellular roles.
AB  - Very little light has been shed on the role of the low-activity CA I isozyme in
      humans by studies on CA I-deficient individuals. On the other hand, CA II
      deficient individuals exhibit abnormalities of bone, kidney and brain,
      implicating a functional role for the high-activity CA II isozyme in cells from
      these tissues and organs. It also appears that the CA II-deficient red cell is
      capable of normal respiratory function under unstressed conditions. In addition,
      there is some preliminary evidence that those organs such as the eye which
      primarily contain the CA II isozyme, may be able to function effectively in the
      absence of CA II.

PMID- 6430167
TI  - Quantitative variation of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase levels.

PMID- 6430168
TI  - Red cells genetically deficient in carbonic anhydrase II have elevated levels of
      a carbonic anhydrase indistinguishable from muscle CA III.

PMID- 6430169
TI  - Hormonal control of carbonic anhydrase III.
AB  - Using radioimmunoassay, the concentration of carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) in
      the livers of adult male rats was found to be approximately 30 times greater than
      that observed in mature females. Castration of male rats led to a marked
      reduction in liver CA III concentrations that could be partially restored to
      control levels by testosterone replacement. Administration of testosterone to
      ovariectomized female rats induced about a 5-fold increase in liver CA III
      concentration. Immunoprecipitational analysis of the products of liver mRNA
      translation in vitro with antiserum specific for CA III showed that hormonal
      control of the levels of CA III in rat liver is mediated by changes in the amount
      of translatable CA III mRNA. Marked changes in liver CA III concentrations were
      also observed in developing and aging male rats. Different control mechanisms
      appear to operate in mouse and man.

PMID- 6430170
TI  - Inactive form of carbonic anhydrase I in erythrocytes from primary aldosteronism.
AB  - An inactive form of erythrocyte CA I was found in patients with primary
      aldosteronism. The levels of CA I in the patients were within the normal range:
      however, the specific esterase activity of CA I from three patients was in the
      range of 0.12-0.26 u/mg CA I (normal control: 0.66 +/- 0.1 u/mg CA I). In one
      subject, who had been treated with spironolactone, the specific activity of CA I
      was in the normal range. However after the termination of the drug the specific
      activity of CA I decreased to 0.3 u/mg CA I. Two months after adrenalectomy, the
      specific activity of the subjects was restored. The inactive CA I isolated from a
      patient was not immunologically distinguishable from that of normal individuals.
      The level of zinc in the inactive CA I was not different from that of normal CA
      I. The inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on the inactive CA I was weaker than
      that on normal CA I. The binding affinity of 3[H]acetazolamide to the inactive CA
      I was also lower than that of normal CA I. These results suggested the presence
      of a novel variant form of CA I in this disease.

PMID- 6430171
TI  - Activating effect of aldosterone on carbonic anhydrase activity of rat small
      intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 6430172
TI  - Expression of carbonic anhydrase and globin during erythropoiesis in vitro.

PMID- 6430173
TI  - Origins and molecular evolution of the carbonic anhydrase isozymes.
AB  - Work on membrane-bound and subcellular forms of CA at the protein level, and the
      possibility of multiple forms of the mouse CA II gene at the DNA level, indicate
      that CA may represent an extensive multigene family. A method for classifying
      newly sequenced CA molecules, or genes encoding them, is discussed. Phylogenetic
      trees based on the existing sequence data are presented and discussed in terms of
      gene evolution. The active-site residues of CA II have been more conserved in
      evolution than those of CA I or CA III. After the gene duplications, CA III and
      CA I initially evolved more rapidly than CA II. Since the mammalian radiation,
      the CA II molecule as a whole has been accepting substitutions more frequently
      than CA I, which in turn is evolving more rapidly than CA III. These findings can
      be explained if external regions of CA I and CA III have been conserved in
      evolution owing to interactions with other molecules. Two such regions appear to
      be residues 18-37 in CA I and 231-250 in CA III. Spinach CA was purified and a
      small amount of sequence data collected. The difficulty in aligning it with
      animal CAs suggests that a plant CA may not be suitable to shed light on the
      active site and character of the ancestral eukaryote CA.

PMID- 6430174
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of human carbonic anhydrase isozymes.

PMID- 6430175
TI  - The early days of research on carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430176
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) localization in the rat and guinea-pig small intestines.

PMID- 6430177
TI  - Localization of carbonic anhydrase in the rat choroid plexus epithelial cell.

PMID- 6430178
TI  - Examination of carbonic anhydrase activities in the peripheral nervous systems of
      humans, rhesus monkeys, cats, and rats.

PMID- 6430179
TI  - Extracellular, extravascular carbonic anhydrase in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6430180
TI  - Measurement of carbonic anhydrase activity inside cells and subcellular
      particles.

PMID- 6430181
TI  - Variable CA II compartmentalization in vertebrate retina.
AB  - We have generated a series of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to mammalian,
      avian, and osteichthian CA II for the purpose of studying its distribution in
      vertebrate nervous systems. In mature chicken retina, CA II is
      immunohistochemically detectable only in Muller glial cells. However, during
      embryonic development, CA II expression is suddenly "switched-on" early as a
      general constituent of all retinoblasts, later becoming restricted to Muller
      cells and transiently to a distinct type of amacrine neuron. A similar
      developmental pattern occurs in mouse. However, at maturity high CA II levels
      remain in certain amacrine neurons in addition to Muller cells. Comparative
      analyses of mature retinas of lower vertebrates show that reptiles parallel
      chicken with high CA II only in Muller cells, certain amphibians show CA II
      staining in Muller cells, amacrine neurons as in mouse, and in horizontal
      neurons, teleost and elasmobranch fish possess high CA II in Muller cells and the
      horizontal neurons, and lamprey eel shows CA II staining primarily in horizontal
      cells. An evolutionary sequence that will be discussed is thus suggested.

PMID- 6430182
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase and calcification.

PMID- 6430183
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase and calcium transport function of the chick embryonic
      chorioallantoic membrane.

PMID- 6430184
TI  - Current studies on the location and function of carbonic anhydrase in
      osteoclasts.

PMID- 6430185
TI  - Properties and function of brain carbonic anhydrase.
AB  - This chapter has described the characterization and biogenesis of soluble and
      membrane-bound CA in the central nervous system. The two forms of the enzyme
      appear to be quite similar in their molecular characteristics, however the data
      strongly indicate that they are synthesized on separate polysomal populations;
      the membrane-bound form resulting from synthesis on the RER. Our preliminary data
      suggest that the partitioning of mRNA for CA on the different polysomes results
      from the interaction of partial nascent chains with a specific receptor on the
      RER. We feel a function of membrane-associated synthesis is for the targeting of
      CA to sites in the cell where there are enzymes that can rapidly utilize the
      protons and bicarbonate produced by CA catalytic activity for ion exchange
      reactions. We have also presented arguments that CA may function as a bicarbonate
      source in the control of metabolism specifically in the acceleration of fatty
      acid synthesis in the oligodendrocyte.

PMID- 6430186
TI  - Structure, refinement, and function of carbonic anhydrase isozymes: refinement of
      human carbonic anhydrase I.
AB  - The structure of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I has been refined to a
      final R value of 19% to 2-A resolution by a combination of least squares
      refinement and model fitting in a three-dimensional graphics display. About 300
      solvent atoms have been located bound to the protein molecule. An interesting
      hydrogen bond network involving Zn2+, the liganded solvent, side chain groups of
      Thr-199, Glu-106, Thr-7, and His-64 through two solvent molecules have been found
      that may be important for the catalytic mechanism of the carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430187
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6430188
TI  - Localization of carbonic anhydrase in the cerebrum and cerebellum of normal and
      audiogenic seizure mice.

PMID- 6430189
TI  - The role of carbonic anhydrase in hepatocyte metabolism.

PMID- 6430190
TI  - A role for carbonic anhydrase in de novo fatty acid synthesis in liver.

PMID- 6430191
TI  - The function of invertebrate carbonic anhydrase in ion transport.

PMID- 6430192
TI  - The respiratory aspects of carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430193
TI  - Endothelial carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide exchange in lungs, legs, and
      kidneys.

PMID- 6430194
TI  - Kinetic parameters and activity of pulmonary vascular carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430195
TI  - The general physiology of reactions catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase and their
      inhibition by sulfonamides.

PMID- 6430196
TI  - The role of carbonic anhydrase in lens ion transport and metabolism.

PMID- 6430197
TI  - Cytochemical quantification of physiologic regulation of oxyntic cell carbonic
      anhydrase.
AB  - We have studied the physiologic factors regulating oxyntic cell activity using
      cytochemical quantification of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. Gastrin (10 (
      16) to 10(-12)M), histamine (10(-17) to 10(-13) M), and carbamylcholine (10(-13)
      to 10(-8) M) caused a dose-dependent increase in CA in the oxyntic cells in
      guinea pig gastric fundus, maximal at 90 sec. The stimulation of CA by all three
      secretagogues was inhibited by the CA inhibitor, acetazolamide. The agonist
      activities were selectively blocked by respective antagonists. The benzimidazole
      derivative compound Hassle 149/94 (10(-3)M) abolished the actions of all
      agonists. Thus, histamine, gastrin and carbamylcholine have independent actions
      on oxyntic cell CA. The inhibition of the activity of all three secretagogues by
      H149/94 suggests a close link between CA activity and the functioning of the
      proton pump H+ + K+-ATPase.

PMID- 6430198
TI  - Role of carbonic anhydrase in thyroidal iodide transport.

PMID- 6430199
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.
AB  - A mechanism model has been presented that can describe most known kinetic
      properties of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, and III. The essential
      features of this model include: Nucleophilic attack of metal-bound OH- on CO2 to
      form metal-bound HCO-3. Formation of metal-bound OH- from metal-bound H2O. In
      isoenzyme II, and probably also in isoenzyme I, this reaction step involves an
      intramolecular transfer of H+ between the metal site and a titratable histidine
      residue via a number of hydrogen-bonded H2O molecules. In isoenzyme II, this step
      limits the maximal rate of catalysis. Also in isoenzyme III, the H2O-splitting
      step may be rate limiting, but since this isoenzyme has no titratable active-site
      histidine, H+ transfer may take place directly with components of the solvent. In
      isoenzymes I and II, rapid H+ transfer between active site and solution proceeds
      in a reaction between the titratable histidine residue and buffer molecules. The
      model can also rationalize a variety of observed inhibition patterns.

PMID- 6430200
TI  - Fetal plasma carbonic anhydrase III and creatine kinase in Duchenne dystrophy.

PMID- 6430201
TI  - An electronic mechanism for the catalysis of carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6430202
TI  - The structure of cobalt(II)-substituted carbonic anhydrase and its implications
      for the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.

PMID- 6430203
TI  - Ligand exchange at the active site of the carbonic anhydrases: a "ping-ping-pong"
      view.
AB  - We emphasize that the interconversion of CO2 and HCO-3 catalyzed by carbonic
      anhydrase must be regarded as two-substrate, two-product reactions, involving
      CO2, H2O and HCO-3, H+. Questions then arise regarding the interactions of
      substrates and products with enzyme during catalysis. Hydration of CO2 has been
      described by others as a pair of half reactions in which HCO-3 product is
      released from enzyme, followed by (usually buffer-catalyzed) release of H+. This
      "ping-pong" view is extended here to a "ping-ping-pong" sequence; based on
      analyses of specific models for the several intermediate complexes, we conclude
      that the second "ping" relates to the rate of ligand exchange of H2O from a
      pentacoordinate enzyme-H2O-HCO-3 complex, about which little is known at present
      and that is difficult to investigate. We discuss the types of experiments used to
      measure enzymatic activity and note that (1) they generally measure the rate of
      the combined "ping-ping" sequence rather than either independently, and (2) the
      pathway for exchange of substrate H2O is unrelated to the exchange of H2O
      measured by proton magnetic relaxation and by loss of isotopically labeled oxygen
      from the CO2-HCO-3 system. The "ping-ping-pong" view, while giving new insights
      and raising new questions, is consistent with OH- as the ligand of the high-pH
      form of isozymes I and II, as well as with the results of magnetic relaxation,
      isotope mixing and loss, 13C NMR linewidths of CO2 and HCO-3 at equilibrium, and
      stopped-flow kinetic measurements.

PMID- 6430204
TI  - [Results of 2 prospective surveys on phototherapy of neonatal jaundice in 274
      subjects. Study of the influence of light energy intensity and continuous or
      discontinuous mode of treatment].

PMID- 6430205
TI  - The effects of protein malnutrition on wound contraction: an experimental study.
AB  - The effects of protein malnutrition on wound contraction experimentally produced
      in Wistar rats were studied. The wounds were photographed on the first, fourth,
      eighth, eleventh, fifteenth, eighteenth, and twenty-second days. From dressings
      made from the projection of transparencies the contracted wounds were measured
      with a planimeter. Open wounds contracted more slowly in the malnourished group.
      Matching these observations with histopathological findings based on serial
      observations in these same animals, the differences between the contraction of
      open wounds in poorly nourished animals and in the control group seem to be
      associated with delay in the formation and the poor quality of granulation tissue
      in the malnourished.

PMID- 6430206
TI  - Feasibility of cutaneous blood gas monitoring during exercise stress testing.
AB  - The feasibility of cutaneous blood gas monitoring in connection with exercise
      testing was evaluated in 113 consecutive patients. Arterial blood samples were
      taken immediately after exercise. Because of loosening of electrode tapes only 99
      satisfactory registrations of O2 and 98 registrations of CO2 were obtained at the
      end of exercise testing. In this phase the correlations between transcutaneous
      and arterial O2 and CO2 values were r = 0.60, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.66, p
      less than 0.001, respectively. Nevertheless, the correspondence for clinical work
      remains poor. The shape of the whole transcutaneous O2-CO2 registration curve is
      diagnostically more rewarding than single transcutaneous O2 and CO2 values.

PMID- 6430207
TI  - [Acromegaly, clinical expression of the production of growth hormone releasing
      factor in pancreatic tumors].
AB  - In exceptional cases, acromegaly develops as the clinical expression of an
      ectopic secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) or Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor
      (GRF), tumorous in origin. In the present report, we describe an instance of
      acromegaly caused by the secretion of GRF from a voluminous pancreatic tumor. The
      resection of this tumor resulted in a temporary disappearance of the biological
      and clinical symptoms of acromegaly, which then reappeared in conjunction with a
      rise in plasma GRF. From this pancreatic tumor, substances displaying a potent
      GRF activity were isolated and characterized. Amino acid analyses revealed that
      they were related to 3 peptides containing respectively 44, 40 and 37 aminoacids.
      The largest (hp GRF (1-44)-NH2) referred as hp GRF or somatocrinin is considered
      to be the primary molecule. The pancreatic tumor was multisecreting as proved by
      high plasma levels of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon,
      normalized after the tumor removal, taken together with the immunocytochemical
      demonstration of the presence of these peptides in the tissue and with the
      isolation of somatostatin. In contrast hypercalcemia associated with an elevated
      plasma level of IR-PTH was unmodified by tumor removal. Diagnosis of acromegaly
      as ectopic endocrine syndrome will probably be facilitated by plasma GRF
      radioimmunoassay, as a result of production of anti synthetic GRF antibodies.

PMID- 6430208
TI  - [Spironolactone in idiopathic hirsutism, clinical and biological evaluation of
      treatment].
AB  - Ten midly hirsute women with normal serum levels of testosterone were treated
      with spironolactone (100 mg die), and the effectiveness of this dose-schedule
      regimen was evaluated after six months of therapy. Hirsutism subsided partly in
      all women. We estimated however, that in 6 of the 10 women, the clinical benefit
      was out weighed by the side effects and other drawbacks of a long term therapy
      and their medication was then stopped 6 months after its initiation. The changes
      induced on the pituitary function were evaluated by measuring basal serum T3 T4
      and basal and stimulated (TRH-LHRH) TSH, PRL, FSH and LH, prior to and after one
      month of therapy. Spironolactone induced a greater response of TSH to TRH (p less
      than .025) but no change in T3 T4, PRL, FSH and LH. These data suggest that
      changes in TSH response are not explained by the speculated intrinsic oestrogenic
      activity of spironolactone but rather by a selective interaction with TSH
      secreting cells. We conclude that spironolactone therapy should not be
      recommended for the large category of normal women complaining of slight increase
      of facial hair.

PMID- 6430209
TI  - Biochemical heterozygosity as a predictor of developmental homeostasis in man.
AB  - The relationships between the variability of 48 morphological traits and the
      heterozygosity of four blood group loci were studied in 200 Israeli Jewish males
      of Eastern European origin aged 18-22 years. A definite correlation was observed
      between the level of heterozygosity and the variability of 17 traits and two
      indices. Of the latter traits only 10 were chosen for further analysis. Principal
      component analysis showed that seven of these traits were independent. For six of
      them, the frequency of modal individuals (average +/- 0.67 S.D.) in the
      tetraheterozygous group was the highest, diminishing proportionally with
      decreasing heterozygosity levels. The degree of heterozygosity also had a
      significant negative correlation with the coefficient of variation of the
      morphological characters and was positively associated with the kurtosis values.
      Only the variability of one of 10 traits showed an opposite trend and a
      correlation with biochemical homozygosity. The results are discussed in terms of
      developmental homeostasis.

PMID- 6430210
TI  - Juvenile progressive dystonia: a new phenotype of GM2 gangliosidosis.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy developed progressive dystonia and dementia. His symptoms had
      begun at age 2 1/2 years, and he had been unable to walk by 8 years. At age 10 he
      was severely dystonic, unable to use his hands to feed himself, and almost
      anarthric . He had dysphagia and urinary incontinence, and functioned at a 4-year
      old level of mental development. The mean percentages of beta-hexosaminidase A
      measured in serum, leukocytes, and fibroblasts by the heat denaturation method,
      each on three separate assays, were 5.9, 9.8, and 13.0%, respectively. These
      values are higher than in Tay-Sachs disease but are similar to levels seen in
      late-onset or adult cases of GM2 gangliosidosis. This patient appears to
      represent a new phenotype of juvenile GM2 gangliosidosis having dystonia as the
      dominant symptom.

PMID- 6430211
TI  - IgM demyelinative neuropathy with amyloidosis and biclonal gammopathy.
AB  - A 59-year-old man developed a sensorimotor neuropathy of the upper and lower
      limbs, associated with a biclonal gammopathy, within the space of a few months.
      Each of two paraproteins was coupled with a distinct IgM kappa IgG lambda light
      chain. Examination of a nerve biopsy specimen by electron microscopy revealed a
      demyelinative process with a widening of the interlaminar space in the myelin
      sheath, as well as deposits of amyloid substance between nerve fibers. Direct
      immunofluorescence revealed the presence of IgM and of the kappa light chain in
      certain Schwann cells, while the lambda IgG was fixed to the amyloid deposits.
      Immunoperoxidase histochemistry showed a positive reaction in normal human nerve
      tissue to the immune serum IgM and kappa light chain. The findings suggest that
      the widening of the interlaminar space of the diseased myelin corresponds to an
      active fixation of immunoglobulin on the sheath of the Schwann cell. The presence
      of two light chains in this patient's gammopathy caused a dual pathology: the
      kappa chain, a demyelinative neuropathy, and the lambda chain, a primary
      amyloidosis, with deposits in the peripheral nerve and in the kidney.

PMID- 6430212
TI  - Value of computed tomographic scan in the evaluation of adult patients after
      their first seizure.
AB  - The role of the computed tomographic (CT) scan in evaluating adults after their
      first seizure(s) was determined by reviewing the hospital records of 148 patients
      studied within 30 days of their ictus. Patients with alcohol or drug intoxication
      or withdrawal or with known brain tumor, craniotomy, or open skull fracture were
      excluded. Type of seizure; neurological, CT, and electroencephalographic
      findings; final diagnosis; and hospital outcome were cross correlated. The cause
      of seizure was established in 71 patients (48%); a structural lesion was
      identified by CT in 55 (37%), and 16 (11%) had metabolic seizures. CT findings
      agreed with the results of neurological examination 82% of the time. Structural
      lesions (including three tumors) were found by CT in 14 patients (15%) with
      nonfocal findings and in 12 (22%) of those with generalized
      electroencephalographic abnormalities. Our findings are similar to those reported
      in adult epileptics and lead us to conclude that the CT scan is a valuable aid in
      establishing the cause of seizures and in disclosing early lesions.

PMID- 6430213
TI  - Paraproteins in the spinal fluid of patients with paraproteinemic
      polyneuropathies.
AB  - High-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis, combined with immunofixation
      electrophoresis, was used to detect and identify immunoglobulins in the
      cerebrospinal fluid of six patients with paraproteinemic polyneuropathy. In four
      patients with serum IgM kappa monoclonal protein, we found a discrete band in the
      cerebrospinal fluid identified also as IgM kappa; one patient with serum IgG
      kappa had an IgG kappa cerebrospinal fluid band, and one patient with serum IgA
      kappa had an IgA kappa monoclonal band in the cerebrospinal fluid. The
      permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier was increased 3 to 10 times
      in all these patients. The findings indicate that in patients with
      paraproteinemic polyneuropathy, the increased permeability of the blood
      cerebrospinal fluid barrier results in influx of serum proteins into the
      cerebrospinal fluid, including high-molecular-weight IgM. Because monoclonal IgM,
      unlike monoclonal IgG and IgA, is not found in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      neurologically intact patients, its presence in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      patients with paraproteinemias should lead the physician to suspect neurological
      involvement and can be of diagnostic value.

PMID- 6430214
TI  - Radiation absorbed dose to tracheal mucosa from inhaled oxygen-15-labeled carbon
      dioxide.

PMID- 6430216
TI  - Crisis: what it is and is not.
AB  - Crisis is one example of a concept widely used and misused in the vocabulary of
      the nursing professional. The technique of concept analysis was used to develop
      four criteria for the diagnosis of a client as having attributes congruent with
      the concept of crisis and to differentiate crisis from related concepts, eg,
      stress and emergency. Variations of a model case were developed to illustrate
      what crisis is and what it is not. Antecedents, consequents, and empirical
      referents for crisis are also identified.

PMID- 6430215
TI  - The use of positron emission tomographic scanning in epilepsy.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose
      (18FDG) has demonstrated the epileptogenic lesion in partial epilepsy to be
      hypometabolic interictally . This finding is useful for localizing the area of
      resection when surgical therapy is contemplated. 18FDG scans during partial
      seizures show increased metabolism in areas of ictal onset and spread and in
      other regions of decreased metabolism that could reflect postictal effects. In
      the generalized epilepsies, petit mal absences and generalized convulsions
      induced by electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) are associated with global
      hypermetabolism, while global hypometabolism is seen in the postictal period
      following ECT. More information about the factors that influence the interictal
      hypometabolic zone in partial epilepsy should improve the diagnostic value of
      this finding for presurgical localization and perhaps also for the evaluation of
      other therapeutic regimens. New techniques for more dynamic PET studies with
      improved resolution, combined with computerized electroencephalographic analysis,
      should allow more accurate interpretation of ictal, as well as interictal,
      phenomena. Application of PET technology to other paroxysmal disorders may
      provide a basis for new diagnostic classifications that have therapeutic and
      prognostic value and may allow clearer differentiation among epileptic phenomena,
      myoclonus, and movement disorders. More clinical and animal research is needed,
      however, before we can delineate fundamental mechanisms of human epilepsy from
      PET data. To this end, it is now possible to use combined multidisciplinary
      parallel approaches in patients and animals to define specific aspects of
      epileptic disorders clinically, to intensively investigate them with experimental
      models in the animal laboratory, and to verify the relevance of these
      experimental results by returning to clinical studies.

PMID- 6430217
TI  - The concept of crisis: its utility for nursing.
AB  - The concept of crisis is important to nursing; yet, discrepancies exist in the
      way the term is viewed conceptually and applied clinically. This lack of clarity
      makes systematic research more difficult. In this article, crisis intervention
      theory is used to describe the concept of emotional crisis. Traditional and more
      recent constitutive definitions are discussed using related theories of stress
      and threat. The utility of crisis for nursing is outlined with a focus on crisis
      as a continuous entity as opposed to the dichotomous variable it is often
      considered to be. Implications for research and clinical practice are explored.

PMID- 6430218
TI  - Ethical issues and procedural dilemmas in measuring patient competence.
AB  - Patients can be judged incompetent when they begin to refuse treatments and
      nursing interventions believed to be important for their health, but finding
      agreement among health care providers on the concept of competency is sometimes
      an arduous task. This article reviews competency measurement models from the
      disciplines of law, medicine, and philosophy and compares the usefulness of these
      tests and criteria. Conclusions are stated about the use of these models in
      nursing to evaluate the patient's autonomous state.

PMID- 6430219
TI  - Hope: a factor influencing crisis resolution.
AB  - Hope is a concept often relegated to the realm of the "soft" sciences; yet, the
      survival value of hope has been documented in both animals and humans. This
      article develops an operational definition of hope by synthesizing definitions
      from other disciplines, contrasts hope with hopelessness, and presents a model of
      hope that represents a reconceptualization of the concepts as applied to health
      and the crises of stress and transition. The model is presented for critical
      review, and methods of empirical testing are proposed.

PMID- 6430220
TI  - Crisis of mate loss in the elderly.
AB  - The crisis of mate loss in the elderly has severe implications for the physical
      and mental health of the surviving spouse. During the dying process of the mate,
      the spouse experiences an imbalance in needs and resources. The nurse is in a
      unique position to facilitate the resources of the spouse, particularly during
      the mate's dying process. The conceptual model for crisis of mate loss in the
      elderly describes the dynamics of nursing intervention and facilitation of
      resources such as interpersonal support, religious-spiritual belief, and
      intrapersonal coping.

PMID- 6430221
TI  - Self-management: a nursing mode of therapeutic influence.
AB  - The use of self-management training as a mode of nursing action capitalizes on
      the current participative response of consumers of health. Self-management
      training offers guidance to alter physiological processes, cognitions, behavioral
      habits, and emotions by self-regulation. Especially responsive are patients with
      symptoms of stress disorders. Evaluation of this mode of nursing action focuses
      on the amount of reduction of stress responses and retention of training. The
      outcome for 322 patients demonstrates highly significant changes on multiple
      measures (P = .0001). Furthermore, at 6-month follow-up, the status of 182
      patients was maintained or improved (P = .001). A comparison group, tested prior
      to and after a waiting period, showed no improvement.

PMID- 6430222
TI  - Viewpoint: essay in response to republication of a biography (Florence
      Nightingale).
AB  - This article examines the biography of Florence Nightingale written by Cecil
      Woodham-Smith. Originally published in 1951, this biography was reprinted in 1983
      by Atheneum. Much has been written about the life and beliefs of Nightingale.
      Often these accounts are contradictory and confusing to the reader. This review
      contrasts and compares information provided in the Woodham-Smith biography and in
      current literature about Nightingale.

PMID- 6430223
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C in cancer patients during prolonged
      administration of the preparation].
AB  - The mitomycin C levels in the blood of patients subjected to prolonged
      intravenous injection of the drug in 200-300 ml of isotonic sodium chloride
      solution for 15-50 minutes were determined in the microbiological test system
      consisting of E. coli and 1.5 per cent of agar in the meat-peptone broth with
      restricted contents of the nutrients. Such administration of the drug usually
      provided lower blood levels than intravenous injections of the drug in analogous
      doses. However, the drug renal excretion was also less intensive. It suggested
      that the drug administered for a prolonged period was more completely absorbed by
      the host tissues. This was confirmed by much lower blood levels of the drug, when
      the tumors were large, as compared to those in patients with insignificant
      residues of the tumor tissue after surgical resections. The curves of mitomycin C
      distribution in the blood indicate that the pharmacokinetics of the drug in
      patients with tumors is a multi-factorial function.

PMID- 6430224
TI  - Inability of purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide to bind selected
      antibiotics.
AB  - It has been proposed that the exopolysaccharide (alginate) of mucoid Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa strains which infect cystic fibrosis patients might bind and hence
      protect this pathogen from antibiotics. To test this hypothesis, we employed
      equilibrium dialysis to measure the binding between several antibiotics and
      purified Pseudomonas alginate. Binding was calculated from the residual
      concentrations of antibiotics in free solution by a biological assay. The
      detectable binding of antibiotics to alginate was consistent with expectations;
      the positively charged antibiotics steptomycin and tobramycin, bound to the
      polyanion (0.047 and 0.024 mumol/mg of alginate, respectively), whereas the
      neutral species, clindamycin and penicillin, bound negligibly or not at all
      (0.0011 and 0 mumol/mg of alginate, respectively). When these experiments were
      performed in the presence of physiological concentrations of saline, none of the
      antibiotics bound to the polysaccharide. Since the binding observed was abrogated
      by salt concentrations typical of the tracheobronchial secretions of cystic
      fibrosis patients, the data suggest that tight binding of antibiotics to the
      exopolysaccharide of a mucoid P. aeruginosa strain does not provide increased
      antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 6430225
TI  - Probenecid: antibacterial action against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and interaction
      with benzylpenicillin.
AB  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains were used in an investigation of the antibacterial
      action of probenecid and its interaction with benzylpenicillin. The growth of 112
      routine isolates was inhibited by probenecid at concentrations of 100 to 500
      micrograms/ml incorporated in agar. Additive or synergistic effects of
      benzylpenicillin-probenecid combinations were graphically illustrated in gradient
      plates. In agar dilution tests with a resistant gonococcal strain, the MICs of
      benzylpenicillin alone and probenecid alone were 0.8 and 500 micrograms/ml,
      respectively; in contrast, the MICs of combinations of benzylpenicillin and
      probenecid were 0.45 and 75 micrograms/ml and 0.3 and 150 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. High concentrations of probenecid in broth were bactericidal.
      Probenecid alone at 50 to 100 micrograms/ml had little antibacterial effect, but
      in combination with an appropriate concentration of benzylpenicillin, it produced
      reductions of CFU in 6 h that were 100 to 300 times that produced by
      benzylpenicillin alone. Thus, in addition to its well-known pharmacological
      effects, probenecid potentiates the in vitro action of benzylpenicillin for
      gonococci. I suggest that synergism contributes to the beneficial effect of the
      benzylpenicillin-probenecid regimen for the treatment of gonorrhea. Furthermore,
      synergism may explain the reduction in the ratio of partially benzylpenicillin
      resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains to benzylpenicillin-susceptible strains that
      occurred in the United States between 1972 and 1978.

PMID- 6430226
TI  - Identification of an envelope mutation (env-10) resulting in increased antibiotic
      susceptibility and pyocin resistance in a clinical isolate of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - A mutation (env-10) conferring increased susceptibility to drugs, dyes, and
      detergents was detected in a clinical isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In
      certain strains, env-10 also affected susceptibility to pyocins. This mutation
      was phenotypically similar to but genotypically distinct from previously
      described env mutations.

PMID- 6430227
TI  - Membrane ultrafiltration: concentration of interleukin-3.
AB  - A pilot-plant-scale operation was used for studying membrane ultrafiltration and
      concentration of kiloliter quantities of the lymphokine interleukin-3 with a
      single set of membranes. Initial use of ammonium sulfate precipitation of
      interleukin-3 proved erratic in the recovery of biological activity and resulted
      in corrosion of the processing equipment. Membrane ultrafiltration proved to be
      effective in enabling control of the degree of concentration and predicting
      recovery of the biologically active protein.

PMID- 6430228
TI  - Trimethylamine oxide respiration of Alteromonas putrefaciens NCMB 1735: Na+
      stimulated anaerobic transport in cells and membrane vesicles.
AB  - Alteromonas putrefaciens NCMB 1735 required the presence of NaCl for anaerobic
      growth with serine, cysteine, and formate as substrate and trimethylamine oxide (
      TMAO ) as external electron acceptor. When lactate was substrate, the organism
      grew equally well in the absence of NaCl. Anaerobic uptake of glutamate,
      aspartate, serine, cysteine, and lactate in resting cells was strongly stimulated
      with NaCl, and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles energized by electron transfer from
      formate to TMAO displayed active Na+-dependent uptake of serine. The data
      suggested that participation in transport processes was the only vital function
      of Na+ in A. putrefaciens. Formate- and TMAO -dependent anaerobic serine uptake
      in vesicles was sensitive to the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl
      hydrazone and the ionophores valinomycin and gramicidin. Transport-active
      vesicles contained cytochromes of b and c type, and both serine uptake and TMAO
      reduction with formate were inhibited with the electron transfer inhibitor 2
      heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. Thus, reduction of TMAO to trimethylamine in
      A. putrefaciens appeared to be coupled with a chemiosmotic mechanism of energy
      conversion.

PMID- 6430229
TI  - New methodology for the isolation of Listeria microorganisms from heavily
      contaminated environments.
AB  - A new methodology was devised for the isolation of microorganisms of Listeria
      genus from heavily contaminated materials, by which 88% of tested sheep were
      identified as carriers. There were 286 strains isolated by our methodology versus
      19 by the classical system.

PMID- 6430230
TI  - Effects of pesticides on cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum and cyanophage LPP-1.
AB  - Cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum IU 594 and cyanophage LPP-1 were used as
      indicator organisms in a bioassay of 16 pesticides. Experiments such as spot
      tests, disk assays, growth curves, and one-step growth experiments were used to
      examine the effects of pesticides on the host and virus. Also, experiments were
      done in which host or virus was incubated in pesticide solutions and then assayed
      for PFU. P. boryanum was inhibited by four herbicides: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1
      dimethylurea (DCMU), 1,1-dimethyl-3-(alpha, alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (
      Fluometeron ), 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (Atrazine),
      2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine ( Ametryn ). One
      insecticide, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propionaldehyde O-( methylcarbamoyl )oxime
      (Aldicarb), also inhibited the cyanobacterium. Two insecticides inactivated LPP
      1, O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate (malathion) and
      Isotox . Isotox is a mixture of three pesticides: S-[2-( ethylsulfinyl )ethyl]O,O
      dimethyl phosphorothioate ( Metasystox -R), 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate ( Sevin )
      and 4,4'-dichloro-alpha- (trichloromethyl) benzhydrom ( Kelthane ). Two pesticide
      resistant strains of P. boryanum were isolated against DCMU and Atrazine. These
      mutants showed resistance to all four herbicides, which indicates a relationship
      between these phototoxic chemicals. The results indicate that P. boryanum may be
      a useful indicator species for phototoxic agents in bioassay procedures.

PMID- 6430231
TI  - Peptostreptococcus productus strain that grows rapidly with CO as the energy
      source.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria were enriched with a sewage digestor sludge inoculum and a
      mineral medium supplemented with B-vitamins and 0.05% yeast extract and with a
      50% CO-30% N2-20% CO2 (2 atm [202 kPa]) gas phase. Microscopic observation
      revealed an abundance of gram-positive cocci, 1.0 by 1.4 micron, which occurred
      in pairs or chains. The coccus, strain U-1, was isolated by using roll tubes with
      CO as the energy source. Based on morphology, sugars fermented, fermentation
      products from glucose (H2, acetate, lactate, and succinate), and other features,
      strain U-1 was identified as Peptostreptococcus productus IIb (similar to the
      type strain). The doubling time with up to 50% CO was 1.5 h; acetate and CO2 were
      the major products. In addition, no significant change in the doubling time was
      observed with 90% CO. Some stock strains were also able to use CO, although not
      as well. Strain U-1 produced acetate during growth with H2-CO2. Other C1
      compounds did not support growth. Most probable numbers of CO utilizers
      morphologically identical with strain U-1 were 7.5 X 10(6) and 1.1 X 10(5) cells
      per g for anaerobic digestor sludge and human feces, respectively.

PMID- 6430232
TI  - Characterization of pseudomonads isolated from diseased fleece.
AB  - A total of 59 Pseudomonas isolates was obtained from 11 samples of diseased
      fleece taken from live sheep. All but four of the isolates could be assigned to
      one of nine Pseudomonas species, of which P. aeruginosa, P. alcaligenes, P.
      mendocina , and P. putida were the most common. P. aeruginosa was found in four
      of the fleece samples and, when present, appeared to predominate. Although
      several of the isolates of P. aeruginosa lacked the ability to produce pyocyanin
      (and some produced neither pyocyanin nor fluorescein), nearly all produced
      several virulence factors. Of the other pseudomonads, many produced proteinase,
      esterase, and catalase, several were able to grow at 42 degrees C and reduce
      nitrate, and some also produced lipase and hemolysin and, like P. aeruginosa,
      might serve to initiate (or sustain) the dermatitis frequently associated with
      fleece rot in sheep.

PMID- 6430233
TI  - Mutagenicity of tetramic mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid.
AB  - Cyclopiazonic acid was shown to be mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and
      TA100 in the presence of metabolic activation. The activity of cyclopiazonic acid
      in the presence of aflatoxin B1 was studied in complete factorial experiments
      with strain TA98. Both mycotoxins produced significant mutagenic activity and in
      combination. The activity in combination appeared to be additive rather than
      synergistic. The specific activity of cyclopiazonic acid was estimated to be
      approximately 140 revertants per mu mol in strain TA98.

PMID- 6430234
TI  - Modulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and release from human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN): role of extracellular Ca2+.
AB  - Extracellular Ca2+ regulated the synthesis and release of platelet-activating
      factor (PAF) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated with N'
      formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in the presence of cytochalasin B.
      Maximum PAF synthesis and release required the presence of 0.14 mM Ca2+ whereas
      1.4 mM Ca2+ was necessary for maximum lysosomal enzyme secretion. The synthesis
      of PAF occurred within 2.5 min after PMN stimulation in the presence of 1.4 mM
      Ca2+; however, PAF release did not occur until 5 min after stimulation. Peak PAF
      release occurred by 7.5 min but accounted for only 30-40% of the total amount of
      PAF synthesized, the remainder being retained on or within the PMN. Stimulation
      of PMN in the presence of 0.01 M EDTA or EGTA decreased PAF synthesis and release
      by greater than 95%. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, stimulated PMN
      synthesized PAF in amounts that were 10-30% of maximum, but there was no release
      of the newly synthesized PAF. At Ca2+ concentrations greater than 0.01 mM, there
      was a dose-dependent (up to 0.14 mM) increase in PAF synthesis that was
      associated with the initiation and concomitant increase in the amount of PAF
      released. These data suggest the presence of a PAF synthesis-release coupling
      mechanism in which the extracellular Ca2+-dependent release of PAF stimulates
      additional PAF synthesis.

PMID- 6430235
TI  - The isoinhibitors of chymotrypsin/elastase from Ascaris lumbricoides: isolation
      by affinity chromatography and association with the enzymes.
AB  - Five isoinhibitors, proteins that inactivate chymotrypsin and elastase, were
      isolated from aqueous extracts of the intestinal parasite Ascaris lumbricoides
      var. suum by affinity chromatography. They were named in the order that they
      eluted from a CM-Sephadex C-25 column at pH 8.6 using a salt gradient.
      Isoinhibitor 1, first reported in this paper, is anionic on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis at pH 9.3. The other four isoinhibitors are cationic on
      electrophoresis at pH 9.3, separable from each other, and identical with those
      reported previously [R.J. Peanasky and G. M. Abu-Erreish (1971) in Proceedings
      International Research Conference on Proteinase Inhibitors (Fritz, H., and
      Tschesche, H., eds.), pp. 281-293, de Gruyter, New York]. Amino acid compositions
      show differences between the isoinhibitors. Antibody to isoinhibitor 1 reacts
      with its self-antigen only. Antibody to isoinhibitor 5 reacts with isoinhibitors
      2-5 but not with isoinhibitor 1. Association equilibrium constants show that each
      of the isoinhibitors interacts most avidly with alpha-chymotrypsin. For
      isoinhibitor 1, the K alpha for alpha-chymotrypsin was 2.6 X 10(11) M-1, for
      porcine elastase I 1.6 X 10(10) M-1, and for Subtilisin Carlsberg 3.3 X 10(7) M
      1. For isoinhibitors 2-5, the K alpha ranges were 7.1 X 10(10) to 1.3 X 10(11) M
      1 for alpha-chymotrypsin, 1.0 X 10(9) to 5.6 X 10(9) M-1 for porcine elastase I,
      and 6.0 X 10(8) to 1.3 X 10(9) M-1 for subtilisin Carlsberg. Because of the
      strong affinity of these inhibitors for alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase, two
      proteins in the normal environment of the nematode, the name isoinhibitors of
      chymotrypsin/elastase is suggested for these proteins.

PMID- 6430236
TI  - Comparative studies on calotropins DI and DII from the latex of Calotropis
      gigantea.
AB  - Autodigestion of two cysteine proteinases, calotropins DI and DII isolated from
      the latex of Calotropis gigantea, has been studied at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C in
      the presence of an activating agent. Calotropin DI is more susceptible to
      autodigestion than calotropin DII. During autodigestion no interconversion of one
      calotropin to another has occurred, as verified by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      Immunologically, both calotropins are closely related, but they differ from
      papain and ficin. Both calotropins have blocked N-terminal amino acid residues.
      Their C-terminal amino acid sequences, determined by treatment with
      carboxypeptidase Y, are -(Pro, Ala)-Ala-Val-Tyr for calotropin DI and -(Ala, Val)
      Ala-Pro-Tyr for calotropin DII. The tryptic peptide maps of their reduced and S
      carboxymethylated derivatives suggest that both calotropins share a high
      proportion of common regions in their amino acid sequences. Calotropins DI and
      DII are two distinct proteinases, and they do not appear to be produced by
      autodigestion of a single precursor. Although they are inert to the common
      synthetic substrates of papain and ficin, their specificities toward oxidized
      insulin B chain are comparable to those of papain and ficin.

PMID- 6430237
TI  - Effect of diethylpyrocarbonate on the biological activities of botulinum
      neurotoxin types A and E.
AB  - The single chain (unnicked) type-E and the dichain (nicked) type-A botulinum
      neurotoxins were modified with diethylpyrocarbonate (ethoxyformic anhydride), a
      reagent highly specific for histidine residues. The type-E neurotoxin could be
      completely detoxified without causing detectable damage to its serological
      reactivity. Under identical modification reaction conditions, the type A was
      incompletely detoxified with some alteration in its serological reactivity.
      Modification of histidine residues was evident from the increase in absorbance at
      240 nm, and reactivation of the detoxified proteins by reversing the modification
      with hydroxylamine. The completely detoxified type-E neurotoxin, used as toxoid,
      elicited antibodies in rabbits. The antiserum precipitated and neutralized the
      neurotoxin. This toxoid is homogeneous as tested by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the traditional toxoid produced with
      formaldehyde is heterogeneous.

PMID- 6430238
TI  - The catalytic effect of tyrosinase upon oxidation of 2-hydroxyestradiol in
      presence of catechol.
AB  - The hydroxylating activity of mushroom tyrosinase has been utilized for over a
      decade in the preparation of 2-hydroxyestradiol from estradiol, yet this same
      enzyme is known to function as an oxidant of o-dihydric compounds to the
      corresponding o-quinones. It was questioned why catechol estrogens do not react
      further, particularly since the tyrosinase activity (hydroxylating) is exceeded
      many fold by the diphenol oxidase activity of the enzyme. This report describes
      that the catechol estrogen will react in presence of enzyme but only if catechol
      is also present. Diphenol oxidase activity was measured either by the
      polarographic oxygen-utilization technique or by changes in the absorption
      spectrum at 206 and 256 nm. The enzyme activity was standardized with catechol
      (Km = 5.2 X 10(-4) M). The steroid did not react with the enzyme if catechol was
      absent. With catechol, the steroid reacted rapidly and completely (Km = 4.2 X 10(
      4) M). The consumption of oxygen with catechol and 2-hydroxyestradiol was
      additive and stoichiometric, 1 g-atom oxygen/mol of either substrate. Kinetic
      analysis shows that catechol functions as an activator of the tyrosinase.

PMID- 6430239
TI  - Complete primary structure of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Of the 14 cyanogen bromide fragments derived from Rhodospirillum rubrum
      ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, four are too large to permit complete
      sequencing by direct means [F. C. Hartman, C. D. Stringer, J. Omnaas, M. I.
      Donnelly, and B. Fraij (1982) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 219, 422-437]. These have
      now been digested with proteases, and the resultant peptides have been purified
      and sequenced, thereby providing the complete sequences of the original
      fragments. With the determination of these sequences, the total primary structure
      of the enzyme is provided. The polypeptide chain consists of 466 residues, 144
      (31%) of which are identical to those at corresponding positions of the large
      subunit of spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Despite the low
      overall homology, striking homology between the two species of enzyme is observed
      in those regions previously implicated at the catalytic and activator sites.

PMID- 6430240
TI  - Rat liver DT-diaphorase: regulation of functional mRNA levels by 3
      methylcholanthrene, trans-stilbene oxide, and phenobarbital.
AB  - Total liver poly(A+)-RNA isolated from untreated, and 3-methylcholanthrene-,
      trans-stilbene oxide-, and phenobarbital-treated rats has been translated in the
      rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in order to determine the effect of these
      xenobiotics on the level of translationally active DT-diaphorase mRNA. The in
      vitro translation systems were subjected to immunoprecipitation with rabbit IgG
      raised against purified DT-diaphorase and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The identity of the radiolabeled,
      immunoprecipitated product as DT-diaphorase was confirmed by limited peptide
      mapping using Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease. These quantitation results
      demonstrate that 3-methylcholanthrene leads to an eight-fold elevation in
      functional DT-diaphorase mRNA at 8 h after a single administration of 3
      methylcholanthrene; whereas, trans-stilbene oxide and phenobarbital produced only
      a modest elevation, two- to three-fold, in the functional DT-diaphorase mRNA
      level. These data indicate that the increase in the level of DT-diaphorase after
      3-methylcholanthrene administration noted previously [B. Hojeberg, K. Blomberg,
      S. Stenberg, and C. Lind (1981) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 207, 205-216] can be
      totally accounted for by an elevation in the mRNA level specific for this
      protein.

PMID- 6430241
TI  - Presence of a nonlysosomal endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the cellular
      slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Vegetative cells of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum have been
      found to contain an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.96) activity
      which hydrolyzes the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl linkage found in asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharides. In contrast to other previously characterized glycosyl
      hydrolases of Dictyostelium, this endoglycosidase is not secreted during
      vegetative growth or development nor is it developmentally regulated. Cellular
      fractionation studies showed that the endoglycosidase activity is not associated
      with lysosomes and remains soluble after centrifugation at 180,000g for 1 h. The
      enzyme has been partially purified (350-fold) from cell lysates, and its
      substrate specificity has been examined by its ability to hydrolyze several
      glycopeptides prepared from ovalbumin and from slime mold lysosomal enzymes.
      These preliminary studies revealed that the enzyme, called endoglycosidase S, has
      a substrate specificity similar to that of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase CII
      secreted by Clostridium perfringens.

PMID- 6430242
TI  - The similar effects of swainsonine and locoweed on tissue glycosidases and
      oligosaccharides of the pig indicate that the alkaloid is the principal toxin
      responsible for the induction of locoism.
AB  - A neurological condition resembling that observed in hereditary mannosidosis
      occurs in animals ingesting spotted locoweed and plants of the genus Swainsona.
      Swainsonine has been isolated from these plants and has been suggested to be the
      primary causative agent in inducing the pathological condition. This alkaloid has
      also been found to increase tissue acid alpha-D-mannosidase levels in rats while
      lowering liver Golgi mannosidase II levels. In the present study, the effects of
      locoweed and swainsonine were directly compared for the first time, with the pig
      as experimental animal. Both increased most lysosomal acid glycosidase activities
      in most tissues, decreased liver Golgi mannosidase II levels, increased plasma
      hydrolase levels, and greatly increased tissue oligosaccharide, especially
      Man5GlcNAc2 and Man4GlcNAc2. These results indicate that swainsonine is the agent
      in locoweed responsible for the enzymatic and oligosaccharide changes. The
      behavior of the animals was also similarly affected by swainsonine and locoweed.

PMID- 6430243
TI  - [Cumulative effects of lentinan and endocrine therapy on the growth of DMBA
      induced mammary tumor in rats].
AB  - The cumulative effects of Lentinan and endocrine therapy on the growth of DMBA
      (7, 12-dimethyl benzanthracene)-induced mammary tumors of rats were studied.
      Multiple injection of Lentinan alone resulted in a slight degree of regression of
      the tumor growth, when administered to rats bearing mammary tumors of about 1 cm
      in size. Ovariectomy-adrenalectomy, ovariectomy, and adrenalectomy, which are
      performed as surgical endocrine therapy, resulted in a more marked regression of
      the tumor than that produced by Lentinan treatment alone. Furthermore, multiple
      injection of Lentinan performed on these mammary tumor-bearing rats which had
      received surgical endocrine therapy 2 weeks previously evoked a marked regression
      of tumor growth. However, no changes in growth curves and survival rates,
      compared with those of saline controls were observed, indicating that Lentinan
      might be a useful agent when combined with surgical endocrine therapy. Concurrent
      injection of Lentinan resulted in a slight augmentation, although the histamine
      sensitivity of tumor bearing rats which had previously received surgical
      endocrine therapy elevated greatly, compared with that of controls. By contrast
      administration of Tamoxifen, which is used for medical endocrine therapy,
      resulted in a lesser degree of regression than that observed following surgical
      endocrine therapy, and was also not greatly affected by Lentinan injection.

PMID- 6430244
TI  - [Cooperative phase II study of releasing tegafur (SF-SP) against advanced
      digestive cancers].
AB  - A Phase II Study of single oral administration of SF-SP containing sustained
      release granules of tegafur was conducted in 37 cases of advanced cancers by 9
      institutions in the Hokkaido area. Two capsules each containing 200 or 250 mg of
      SF-SP were orally administered twice daily for a total of either 800 or 1000 mg
      per day. The results were as follows: Of the 24 evaluable cases PR was observed
      in 4 cases. (16.7%) The observed efficacy rate by cancer type was 23.5% for
      gastric cancer and toxicity was observed in 10 (27.8%) of 35 subject cases. These
      results thus indicate SF-SP to be therapeutically effective for treatment of
      gastric cancers, with mild toxicity.

PMID- 6430245
TI  - [A study of post-operative chemotherapy for renal pelvic and ureteral tumors].
AB  - A study was made of the relationship between post-operative chemotherapy and
      metastasis and recurrence of bladder tumor in 9 patients with renal pelvic and
      ureteral tumors. Within 6 months on average, post-operative metastasis was found
      in 33.3% (3 out of 9 cases). Differentiating according to the type of
      chemotherapy, the rate of occurrence of metastasis was 50% (2 out of 4) in the
      case of treatment with either a combination of FT-207, chromomycin A3 and
      cytosine arabinoside, or with FT-207 alone, while it was 100% (2 out of 2) in
      stage pT2 and pT3 patients. For combined administration of CDDP, FT-207 and
      cytosine arabinoside, or for that of CDDP and neocarzinostatin, on the other
      hand, the rate of occurrence of metastasis was only 20% (1 out of 5) in stage pT2
      and pT3 patients, while CDDP administration was found to be effective for
      preventing post-operative metastasis. However, while recurrence of bladder tumor
      was found in a total of 3 out of 9 cases (33.3%), recurrence occurred in 40% (2
      out of 5) of the cases treated with CDDP. The administration of CDDP was
      therefore not found to be effective for preventing recurrence of bladder tumor.

PMID- 6430246
TI  - Prescribing and formulating neonatal intravenous feeding solutions by
      microcomputer.
AB  - This paper describes a computer programme for a low cost microcomputer designed
      to assist in the task of administering total parenteral nutrition to neonates: no
      knowledge of computers is necessary to operate the system. The programme displays
      recommended values for each of the total parenteral nutrition constituents that
      must be prescribed, based on detailed analysis of all the pertinent variables.
      The recommended values may be rejected but they do provide a useful prompt,
      especially for the more junior doctors. The programme includes a number of
      safeguards that protect against entering potentially dangerous values. As soon as
      the operator has completed the procedure of entering total parenteral nutrition
      requirements the calculations necessary to formulate a solution containing these
      are automatically performed. The print out contains this data plus instructions
      on the infusion rate and an analysis of the formulation's calorific content. This
      system makes it easier to vary the quantity of individual total parenteral
      nutrition constituents and time has been saved which was previously wasted
      performing laborious calculations. One of the most important contributions has
      been the virtual elimination of errors in the complex task of prescribing and
      formulating total parenteral nutrition for sick neonates.

PMID- 6430247
TI  - Parenteral nutrition compared with transpyloric feeding.

PMID- 6430248
TI  - Rate of decrease and half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blood
      of mothers and their children occupationally exposed to PCBs.

PMID- 6430249
TI  - Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE, and mirex in waterfowl collected in New
      York State, 1979-1980.

PMID- 6430250
TI  - Mechanisms of depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis:
      the role of protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - The presence of anergy and its relationship to malnutrition was investigated in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in controls. A generalised reduction
      in delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to 7 recall antigens were found in 104 RA
      patients compared with 67 controls. No measured of the disease was capable of
      predicting cutaneous anergy, which was present in 36% of patients but none of the
      controls. A detailed dietary assessment in 30 RA patients and 30 controls
      revealed little evidence of clinically important malnutrition. It is therefore
      concluded that the cutaneous anergy of rheumatoid arthritis is not a consequence
      of nutritional factors.

PMID- 6430251
TI  - Ischaemic colitis and immune complexes during gold therapy for rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - A 35-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis developed an ischaemic colitis and
      circulating immune complexes following her fourth injection of sodium
      aurothiomalate. The immune-complex titres fell rapidly after resolution of the
      colitis, and a possible association of these immune complexes and the bowel
      pathology is suggested.

PMID- 6430252
TI  - Gold nephropathy due to auranofin obscured by tolmetin pseudoproteinuria.
AB  - A 63-year-old woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was successfully
      treated with auranofin for 12 months. Heavy proteinuria then developed and the
      drug was stopped. However, the proteinuria apparently became worse. This was
      later recognised to be a spurious effect due to the introduction of tolmetin.
      Renal biopsy showed a type I membranous glomerulonephropathy.

PMID- 6430253
TI  - Bacterial confirmation of gonococcal arthritis.

PMID- 6430254
TI  - [Induction of dominant lethal mutations in laboratory rats following cycle
      blockade by Suisynchron premix. 4. Mutagenicity studies of the gestogen
      Suisynchron in bacterial test systems].

PMID- 6430255
TI  - [Acute myelomonocytic leukemias in children with xanthomas. Xantholeukemia].
AB  - "Xantholeukemia" is a rare disease which combines a juvenile chronic granulocytic
      leukemia with skin xanthomas and normal serum cholesterol level. The prognosis is
      variable, usually lethal, sometimes chronic with possible spontaneous cure. We
      collected 11 patients aged 3 months to 3 years and half at diagnosis. Nine died,
      7 with a terminal "blastic" marrow. Blastic crisis was sometimes present at the
      onset, sometimes started later, between 9 months and 9 years after the onset. One
      child is still alive but in blastic crisis. One young girl is hematologically
      normal 13 years after the onset. At the onset, she had no bad prognostic signs.
      And she received no treatment. Five children had "cafe au lait" spots, 4 of them
      had familial history of neurofibromatosis. This frequent association confirms a
      genetic predisposition. Eight patients had one or several examinations of bone
      marrow and blood cytogenetics. Only one had an evident clonal abnormality:
      monosomy 7 (45 XY, -7) in all bone marrow cells. This monosomy 7 was discovered
      21 months after the onset and 3 months before the blastic crisis. No chemotherapy
      had been used before this karyotype. Chemotherapeutic agents were essentially
      corticosteroids, 6 mercaptopurine and cytarabine. They gave an imperfect result
      and did not influence the outcome; therefore an aggressive treatment or a bone
      marrow transplantation should be discussed.

PMID- 6430256
TI  - [Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with an accumulation of glycoproteins in
      chondrocytes].
AB  - A case presenting a peculiar type of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia was studied.
      Clinically, the normal height was striking. The X-rays showed large epiphysis and
      wide metaphysis. Bilateral coxa valga with very large femoral necks was present.
      The height of the vertebral bodies was slightly reduced. The study of the upper
      tibial growth cartilage showed glycoprotein inclusions in the chondrocytes and
      large dilatations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The gel electrophoresis of
      the non collagenous proteins extracted from the growth cartilage had an abnormal
      densitometric tracing. The type of inheritance of this syndrome is unknown, the
      patient being an isolated case in a normal family.

PMID- 6430257
TI  - l-Deprenyl in atypical depressives.
AB  - We investigated the antidepressant efficacy of l-deprenyl (selegiline), a
      selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (MAOI), in a six-week open trial of 17
      patients with atypical depression. Such patients have previously been shown to
      benefit from nonselective MAOIs such as phenelzine sulfate. Ten patients (59%)
      responded to l-deprenyl, but nine required dosages above the 10 to 20 mg/day used
      in previous investigations. l-Deprenyl was superior to six weeks of placebo
      administered to diagnostically similar patients in a separate double-blind study.
      In contrast with previous findings with pheneizine, responders to l-deprenyl
      differed from nonresponders by having lower baseline anxiety ratings. Even at
      high dosages, there appeared to be fewer side effects with l-deprenyl than with
      nonselective MAOIs.

PMID- 6430258
TI  - Pulmonary lesions in a patient with neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A 19-year-old man with neurofibromatosis died 1 1/2 years after diagnosis with no
      clinical evidence of visceral involvement. At autopsy, neurogenic tumors were
      found in the CNS, rectum, hypopharynx, skin, and lungs. The lung also contained a
      solitary extracranial meningioma.

PMID- 6430259
TI  - Shear flow characteristics of sodium hyaluronate. Relationship to performance in
      anterior segment surgery.
AB  - In this study, methods were developed for the in vitro evaluation of the surgical
      performance characteristics of viscoelastic fluids, such as sodium hyaluronate
      (Healon). Sodium hyaluronate exhibited superior surgical performance to
      chondroitin-6-sulfate. The superior performance of sodium hyaluronate resulted in
      part from its high viscosity, which is 20 times greater than that of chondroitin
      6-sulfate at shear rates on the order of 10 s-1. The gel-like character of sodium
      hyaluronate as evidenced by the creep flow behavior, was greater than that of
      chondroitin-6-sulfate and was important for maintaining depth in the anterior
      chamber. It was shown that a threshold of 80 poise for the shear viscosity (at
      approximately 10 s-1 was needed for useful performance in surgery. It was also
      shown that 0.42 USP units of hyaluronidase per 1.0 mg sodium hyaluronate produces
      a 90% decrease in the shear viscosity (at approximately 10 s-1) within
      approximately 2 1/2 hours. Use of sodium hyaluronate in conjunction with
      hyaluronidase would allow sodium hyaluronate to remain highly viscous during
      surgery, but would gradually become less viscous to facilitate aqueous outflow
      after surgery.

PMID- 6430260
TI  - Isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from wild birds in Western Australia, and
      the characterization of novel influenza A viruses.
AB  - As part of the World Health Organization's international programme on the ecology
      of influenza, cloacal swabs were collected from 3,736 birds belonging to 67
      species over a 3-year period in Western Australia for the isolation of ortho- and
      paramyxoviruses. A total of 24 influenza A viruses were isolated from various
      species of ducks, shearwaters , noddies , terns and a coot , and were subtyped as
      H1N9 , H3N8 , H4N4 , H4N6 , H6N2 , H6N4 , H?N2, H?N6 and H? N9 . The H?
      haemagglutinins did not react in tests with reference antisera. Whether they
      represent a novel haemagglutinin subtype or atypical members of an established
      subtype remains to be determined, although preliminary results indicate that they
      may be atypical members of the H7 subtype. The H1N9 isolate is the first reported
      isolate of this particular antigenic combination. A total of 17 Newcastle disease
      viruses was isolated from ducks, noddies , terns and a black- fronted plover :
      preliminary results suggest that they are avirulent for domestic chickens. This
      study indicates that ortho- and paramyxoviruses are present in a variety of wild
      birds in Australia.

PMID- 6430261
TI  - Synchronous chemotherapy and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the anal canal--an
      alternative to abdominoperineal resection.
AB  - Five patients with squamous or basaloid carcinoma of the anal canal have been
      treated with synchronous chemotherapy and external radiotherapy. Three were
      operable cases, of which one had abdominoperineal resection subsequently, while
      two had no surgery. The other two had a locally advanced inoperable tumour in one
      case and pelvic recurrence following abdominoperineal resection in the other. The
      chemotherapy regimen consisted of mitomycin C given as a single dose of 10 mg m-2
      at commencement of radiotherapy and two i.v. infusions of 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg
      m-2/day for 4 consecutive days approximately 4 weeks apart. The radiation dose
      ranged from 50 Gy to 70 Gy in 25-35 fractions. All patients remain disease free
      with a median follow up of 14 months. Eradication of tumour at the primary site
      has been confirmed histologically in the three operable cases. A growing volume
      of data from the medical literature suggests that patients with operable
      carcinoma of the anal canal treated with this regimen have a probability of cure
      at least equal to that of abdominoperineal resection and have the advantage of
      retaining normal anal function and avoiding permanent colostomy.

PMID- 6430262
TI  - Uncertainty in the amount of power delivered by CO2 medical lasers.
AB  - Carbon dioxide medical lasers are being used for various clinical applications
      with considerable success. Despite the bulk of the generating equipment, the use
      of light, articulated arms to deliver the power beam to either hand-held or
      microscope-mounted aiming heads allows accurate power placement. In addition, the
      beam can be focussed to a small spot size, minimizing damage to adjacent tissue
      provided that the output power and the precise duration of application are known,
      and the shielding of deeper tissue has been adequate. In an attempt to assess the
      reliability of the laser beam as a significant surgical tool (particularly
      suitable for fine cutting functions in microsurgical procedures), we tested the
      power output of some of the CO2 surgical lasers now available in Australia. An
      alarming discrepancy was found between the actual power delivered and the higher
      power value displayed as being delivered. As these medical lasers were tested and
      passed as fully functioning by their local agents, it is suggested that
      purchasers of CO2 lasers should be aware of these possible power inadequacies and
      subject their equipment to frequent power checks. Otherwise much longer
      applications of the laser beam will be needed to accomplish the cutting action
      required, with the consequent infliction of more damage to the surrounding
      tissues.

PMID- 6430263
TI  - Specificity controls on commercial serologic reagents for meat speciation by agar
      gel diffusion tests.

PMID- 6430264
TI  - Value of maternal anti-D concentration in predicting the outcome of Rh(D)
      haemolytic disease.
AB  - The outcomes of 43 pregnancies complicated by the presence of Rhesus antibodies
      were studied in relation to the peak concentrations of anti-D reached during
      pregnancy. Antibody concentration was measured by an automated method calibrated
      against the British Anti-D Working Standard. Where the anti-D concentration
      remained below 5 IU/ml, the infants at worst suffered only moderate jaundice
      controllable with phototherapy. Above this level the incidence of requirement for
      exchange or top-up transfusion was high with concentrations greater than 50 IU/ml
      being predictive of a very severely affected fetus. It is recommended that
      amniocentesis in these patients be deferred until maternal anti-D levels exceed 5
      IU/ml.

PMID- 6430265
TI  - Prostaglandin formation from exogenous precursor in homogenates of human cardiac
      tissue.
AB  - The ability of some different components of human cardiac tissue to synthesize
      prostaglandins (PGs) from exogenous precursor was investigated. Fractions of the
      cardiac tissue containing either parts of valve cusps and the papillary
      musculature or some selected tissue components such as myocytes, endocardial
      elements, endothelial cells and connective tissue were prepared and homogenized.
      Low-speed supernatants of the various homogenates thus obtained were incubated
      with [14C]-labelled arachidonate [( 14C]-AA]. [14C]-PGs formed in the incubates
      were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantified using
      liquid scintillation spectrometry. In the incubates of all the fractions [14C]-AA
      was converted to [14C]-PGs with a time-dependent yield, most effectively at 3
      minutes' incubation time. The "endocardial" and "endothelial" fractions were
      found to exhibit the highest cyclo-oxygenase activity, the [14C]-AA conversion
      rate in these incubates being twice as high as in the others. [14C]-labelled
      PGF2, PGE2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were found to be the principal PG products
      and there was no evidence of TxB2 formation in any of the incubates. [14C]-6-keto
      PGF1 alpha was the main PG formed, constituting about 40% or more of the [14C]-PG
      activity in the incubates of all the fractions, whereas labelled PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha were observed in considerably smaller and nearly equal amounts. The results
      demonstrate a considerable ability of human cardiac tissue to synthesize
      prostacyclin (PGI2) and, at the same time, the existence of local differences in
      tissue cyclo-oxygenase activity, which appears to be significantly higher in the
      endocardial layer than in the myocardium itself.

PMID- 6430266
TI  - Determination of mitochondrial calcium content in hepatocytes by a rapid cellular
      fractionation technique. Alpha-adrenergic agonists do not mobilize mitochondrial
      Ca2+.
AB  - A rapid cellular fractionation technique [the preceding paper, Shears & Kirk
      (1984) Biochem. J., 219, 375-382] was employed to separate a mitochondria-rich
      fraction from hepatocytes within seconds. Mitochondrial Ca was estimated to be no
      more than 41% of total cell Ca. At least half of the mitochondrial Ca was present
      in an energy-dependent pool; 20% of total cell Ca was accessible to EGTA within
      10s. The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine stimulated glycogen phosphorylase
      activity by 100% within 0.5 min and induced a loss of 20% of total cell Ca after
      10 min from the EGTA-inaccessible pool. However, between 0.5 and 10 min after the
      addition of phenylephrine to hepatocytes there was no significant change in the
      Ca content of the mitochondria-rich fraction. Hepatocytes that were preloaded
      with Ca2+ during 90 min incubation at 0-4 degrees C expelled this cation during
      20 min incubation at 37 degrees C. After this time, phenylephrine failed to alter
      the Ca content of a mitochondria-rich fraction. It is concluded that alpha
      adrenergic agonists do not mobilize Ca2+ from hepatocyte mitochondria.

PMID- 6430267
TI  - Kinetics of tryptic hydrolysis of the arginine-valine bond in folded and unfolded
      ribonuclease T1.
AB  - We have used ribonuclease T1 and its chemically modified derivatives as
      substrates, and trypsin as proteinase, to investigate the kinetics of proteolysis
      of a specific peptide bond in the folded and unfolded conformations of a protein.
      Steady-state kinetic studies showed that Km = 0.27 mM and Kcat. = 2.45 s-1 for
      the tryptic hydrolysis of the Arg(77)-Val(78) peptide bond in unfolded
      ribonuclease T1. This Km is somewhat lower than, and the kcat. value similar to,
      values found for the tryptic hydrolysis of comparable bonds in small peptides.
      Our data for the initial velocity of hydrolysis of the Arg(77)-Val(78) bond in a
      solution of the folded protein indicate that the bond is at least 1700 times less
      rapidly hydrolysed in the folded than in the unfolded conformation of
      ribonuclease T1, and do not exclude the possibility that the bond is completely
      resistant to hydrolysis in the folded protein.

PMID- 6430268
TI  - Cryoenzymology of trypsin. 13C-n.m.r. detection of an acyl-trypsin intermediate
      in the trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of a highly specific substrate at subzero
      temperature.
AB  - The kinetics of the trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of the highly specific substrate
      N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester were studied under
      cryoenzymological conditions by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy at pH approx. 3.0. The
      kinetics of this reaction are shown to be in agreement with similar studies made
      with the use of u.v.-visible-absorption-spectrophotometric techniques. A
      combination of 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy and cryoenzymology has for the first time
      detected an acyl-trypsin intermediate in the hydrolysis of this highly specific
      substrate. The advantages and difficulties of using 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy
      coupled with cryoenzymology in the detection and characterization of enzyme
      substrate intermediates are discussed.

PMID- 6430269
TI  - Collagen composition of normal and myxomatous human mitral heart valves.
AB  - The collagens were studied in 13 normal and 19 myxomatous human mitral valves.
      The collagens of the valve were completely solubilized by using a method
      consisting of guanidinium chloride extraction, limited pepsin digestions and CNBr
      cleavage of the residue. The normal valves contained 74% type I, 24% type III and
      2% type V collagen. The type I and type III collagens had similar solubility
      patterns, although only type I collagen was detected in the guanidinium chloride
      extract. Type V collagen was only detected in the first pepsin extract. The type
      I and III collagens had higher contents of hydroxylysine than did the same
      collagens from age-matched dermis. The two-dimensional electrophoretic 'maps' of
      CNBr-cleavage peptides showed low recoveries of the C-terminal alpha 1(I) CB6 and
      alpha 1(III) CB9 peptides, which are involved in forming intermolecular cross
      linkages. Most of the reducible cross-linkages were present in large-Mr peptide
      complexes, and these complexes were shown by labelling with 125I to include the
      tyrosine-containing alpha 1(I) CB6 peptide. The myxomatous valves contained 67%
      type I, 31% type III and 2% type V collagens. There was a significant increase in
      the concentration of each type of collagen, which consisted of a 9% increase of
      type I collagen, a 53% increase of type III collagen and a 25% increase of type V
      collagen. The contents of hydroxylysine in type I and III collagens and the
      electrophoretic 'maps' of the CNBr-cleavage peptides involved in cross-linkages
      did not differ significantly from the results obtained from the normal valves.
      The biochemical findings suggest that there is an increased production of
      collagen, in particular type III collagen, and glycosaminoglycan as well as a
      proliferation of cells as part of a repair process in the myxomatous valves.

PMID- 6430270
TI  - Characterization of two trehalases in baker's yeast.
AB  - Trehalase activities at pH 5 (not inhibited by EDTA) and pH 7 (inhibited by EDTA)
      were present in the soluble fraction of disintegrated commercial baker's yeast.
      The pH 5 activity binds strongly to concanavalin A, is only partially salted out
      by saturated (NH4)2SO4, has an apparent Mr of 215000 (by gel filtration) and is
      an acidic protein. It has a Km of 1.4 mM, a broad pH optimum (at 40 mM-trehalose)
      between pH 4 and 5, and is activated by about 30% by 20-300 mM neutral salts such
      as KCl, NaNO3 and MnCl2. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by acetic acid/acetate
      buffers, with a Ki of about 15 mM-acetic acid. The pH 7 activity does not bind to
      concanavalin A, is salted out at 20-32% (w/v) (NH4)2SO4 and has an Mr of 170000
      (by gel filtration). It is absolutely dependent on Ca2+ or Mn2+ ions (Mg2+ is
      ineffective) and strongly inhibited by neutral salts in the 20-100 mM range. It
      can be activated by treatment with MgATP in the presence of cyclic AMP.
      Activation decreases, but does not abolish, the Ca2+ requirement, and does not
      change the Km for trehalose (5.7 mM) or shift the sharp pH optimum at pH 6.7 (at
      40 mM-trehalose).

PMID- 6430271
TI  - Inhibition of steroid production in Leydig cells by non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory and related compounds: evidence for the involvement of lipoxygenase
      products in steroidogenesis.
AB  - The effect of inhibitors of the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of
      arachidonic acid metabolism on steroidogenesis in rat testis Leydig cells and rat
      tumour Leydig cells has been investigated. In the presence of
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid [NDGA; 4,4'-(2,3- dimethylbutan -1,4- diyl )bis[1,2-
      benzendiol ]], 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), BW 755C [3-amino-1-[3
      (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline hydrochloride] and benoxaprofen [ Opren ; 2
      (2-p-chlorophenyl- benzoxazol -5-yl)propionic acid)] (which inhibit lipoxygenase
      activity), but not indomethacin and aspirin (which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase
      activity), a dose-related inhibition of lutropin (LH)-stimulated testosterone and
      pregnenolone production was obtained (ID50 values of 2.5, 30, 25 and 30 microM
      for NDGA, ETYA, BW 755C and benoxaprofen were obtained, respectively). BW 755C
      and benoxaprofen had no significant effect on LH-stimulated cyclic AMP production
      except at the highest concentrations examined (330 and 380 microM, respectively),
      whereas NDGA and ETYA inhibited LH-stimulated cyclic AMP production in a dose
      dependent manner (ID50 7.0 and 22 microM respectively). However, NDGA and ETYA
      also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP-stimulated
      testosterone and pregnenolone production. The metabolism of exogenous ( 22R )
      hydroxycholesterol or pregnenolone to testosterone by Leydig cells was not
      inhibited by either NDGA, ETYA or indomethacin. At low concentrations of NDGA and
      ETYA a significant increase in the conversion of both pregnenolone and ( 22R )
      hydroxycholesterol to testosterone was obtained. Studies in which the metabolism
      of [14C]arachidonic acid by purified rat tumour Leydig cells was investigated
      indicate that products are formed by tumour Leydig cells that have similar
      mobilities in a thin layer chromatography system to 5-L-hydroxy-6,8,11,14
      eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and
      leukotriene B4. The formation of these products was inhibited to varying degrees
      by NDGA, BW 755C and benoxaprofen but not by aspirin and indomethacin. These
      studies demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of lipoxygenase activity
      but not cyclo-oxygenase activity causes an inhibition of LH- and dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP-stimulated steroid production and suggest a stimulatory role for products of
      the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in steroidogenesis. The
      site of this stimulation is apparently distal to the production of cyclic AMP and
      before the side chain cleavage of cholesterol.

PMID- 6430272
TI  - Calcium-ion-transporting activity in two microsomal subfractions from rat
      pancreatic acini. Modulation by carbamylcholine.
AB  - Two microsomal subfractions from isolated rat pancreatic acini were produced by
      centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient and characterized
      by biochemical markers. The denser fraction ( SF2 ) was a highly purified
      preparation of rough endoplasmic reticulum; the less-dense fraction ( SF1 ) was
      heterogeneous and contained Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes.
      45Ca2+ accumulation in the presence of ATP and its rapid release after treatment
      with the bivalent-cation ionophore A23187 were demonstrated in both fractions.
      The pH optimum for active 45Ca2+ uptake was approx. 6.8 for the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum ( SF2 ) and approx. 7.5 for SF1 . Initial rate measurements were used
      to determine the affinity of the rough-endoplasmic-reticulum uptake system for
      free Ca2+. An apparent Km of 0.16 +/- 0.06 microM and Vmax. of 21.5 +/- 5.6 nmol
      of Ca2+/min per mg of protein were obtained. 45Ca2+ uptake by SF1 was less
      sensitive to Ca2+, half-maximal uptake occurring at 1-2 microM-free Ca2+. When
      fractions were prepared from isolated acini stimulated with 3 microM
      carbamylcholine, 45Ca2+ uptake was increased in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
      The increased uptake was due to a higher Vmax. with no significant change in Km.
      No effect was observed on 45Ca2+ uptake by SF1 . In conclusion, two distinct non
      mitochondrial, ATP-dependent calcium-uptake systems have been demonstrated in rat
      pancreatic acini. One of these is located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but
      the precise location of the other has not been determined. We have shown that the
      Ca2+-transporting activity in the rough endoplasmic reticulum may have an
      important role in maintaining the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in resting
      acinar cells and is involved in Ca2+ movements which occur during stimulation of
      enzyme secretion.

PMID- 6430273
TI  - Inhibition of gluconeogenesis in rat liver by lipoic acid. Evidence for more than
      one site of action.
AB  - Hepatocytes obtained from starved rats were incubated in oxygenated Krebs
      bicarbonate buffer containing 2% defatted bovine serum albumin. DL-alpha-Lipoic
      (dithio-octanoic) acid (1.0 mM) caused striking reductions in hepatic glucose
      output in the presence of each of the following substrates: pyruvate, lactate,
      alanine, dihydroxyacetone, glycerol, and fructose. With lactate as substrate, 0.1
      1.0 mM-lipoate caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
      With the same substrate, e.g. lactate, 0.25-2.0 mM-octanoate abolished the effect
      of lipoate in a dose-dependent manner. Additional experimental data are presented
      which support the concept that the antigluconeogenic effects of lipoic acid in
      liver can be attributed largely, if not entirely, to sequestration of
      intramitochondrial coenzyme. A, presumably as lipoyl-CoA, bisnorlipoyl-CoA, or
      tetranorlipoyl-CoA.

PMID- 6430274
TI  - Phospholipid substrate-specificity of the L-serine base-exchange enzyme in rat
      liver microsomal fraction.
AB  - The specificity of the L-serine base-exchange enzyme towards the fatty acid
      composition of the phospholipid substrate was investigated with a rat liver
      microsomal fraction. The relative rates of L-serine incorporation into saturated
      hexaenoic, saturated-pentaenoic, saturated-tetraenoic, saturated-trienoic,
      dienoic-dienoic, monoenoic-dienoic, saturated-dienoic and saturated-monoenoic +
      saturated-saturated phosphatidylserine molecular species were 42, 5, 23, 4, 5, 4,
      5 and 11% respectively. This is similar to, but not identical with, the relative
      mass abundance of these molecular species in total liver cell
      phosphatidylserines. The results indicate that the substrate-specificity of the L
      serine base-exchange enzyme can at least in part explain the observed fatty acid
      composition of rat liver phosphatidylserines.

PMID- 6430275
TI  - Differential effects of 2-difluoromethylornithine and methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) on the testosterone-induced growth of ventral prostate and
      seminal vesicles of castrated rats.
AB  - 2-Difluoromethylornithine totally prevented any increases in putrescine and
      spermidine concentrations in the ventral prostate of castrated rats during a 6
      day testosterone treatment. Prostatic ornithine decarboxylase activity was
      inhibited by 80%, whereas S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was stimulated by
      more than 9-fold. In seminal vesicle, the inhibition of putrescine and spermidine
      accumulation, as well as of ornithine decarboxylase activity, was only minimal,
      and no stimulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was observed.
      Administration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) to castrated androgen
      treated rats resulted in a marked increase in concentrations of all prostatic
      polyamines. Prostatic ornithine decarboxylase activity was nearly 2 times and
      adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity 9 times higher than that of the
      testosterone-treated animals. In contrast with ventral prostate, methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) treatment inhibited moderately the accumulation of
      spermidine and spermine in seminal vesicle, although both ornithine decarboxylase
      and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities were stimulated.
      Difluoromethylornithine inhibited significantly the weight gain of ventral
      prostate, but methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) produced a substantial increase
      in prostatic weight. These changes were largely due to the fact that the volume
      of prostatic secretion was greatly decreased by difluoromethylornithine, whereas
      methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) increased the amount of secretion. Treatment
      with difluoromethylornithine strikingly increased the methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) content of both ventral prostate and seminal vesicle, but
      even under these conditions the drug concentration remained low in comparison
      with other tissues. The results indicate that a combined use of these two
      polyamine anti-metabolites does not necessarily result in a synergistic growth
      inhibition of the androgen-induced growth of male accessory sexual glands.

PMID- 6430276
TI  - Purification and characterization of a plasminogen activator secreted by a pig
      kidney cell line.
AB  - The plasminogen activator secreted by calcitonin-treated pig kidney cells was
      purified, characterized and compared with human urinary urokinase. The
      purification procedure was based on the following steps: sulphopropyl-Sephadex
      chromatography, p-aminobenzamidine-Sepharose chromatography, preparative sodium
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing. The
      purified enzyme was obtained from the conditioned medium with a yield of 13% and
      a purification factor of 390-fold. Analysis by sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions showed
      one closely spaced doublet with an Mr of 50 000; in the presence of reducing
      agents, two additional bands of Mr 30 000 and 20 000 appeared. The purified
      enzyme resembles the 53 000-Mr components of human urinary urokinase in amino
      acid composition and two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps and in its catalytic
      properties, and the two enzymes cross-react immunologically with rabbit
      antibodies raised against either. The enzyme appears to be different from tissue
      plasminogen activator secreted by HeLa cells.

PMID- 6430277
TI  - Quasi-elastic light scattering studies on dormant and germinating Bacillus
      subtilis spores.
AB  - Spores of Bacillus subtilis in suspension, both dormant and germinating, have
      been examined by light-scattering methods, both integrated intensity and
      correlation versions. When intensity of scatter at constant volume was plotted
      against angle, curves possessing a maximum at about 20 degrees were regularly
      obtained but without any noticeable features at higher angles. This indicated
      polydispersity and/or asymmetry among the population. Curves of the intensity
      correlation function for both dormant and germinating spores at different angles,
      theta, did not superimpose at the lower angles when plotted appropriately, but
      did so for theta greater than 35 degrees. This was considered to arise from
      asymmetry of the spores. By using the high-angle data the apparent diffusion
      coefficient was determined for both dormant spores and for germinating spores
      from 1 min after germinant addition. No appreciable difference was observed, from
      which volume changes greater than 6% during germination could be excluded. The
      occurrence of germination was confirmed by both absorbance and phase-contrast
      microscopy observations.

PMID- 6430278
TI  - The role of calcium in the stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by vasopressin
      in rabbit renal-medullary interstitial cells in tissue culture.
AB  - The role of Ca2+ in the stimulation of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by
      vasopressin was investigated in rabbit renal-medullary interstitial cells in
      tissue culture. A decrease in extracellular Ca2+ to less than 25 microM did not
      affect basal PGE2 production, but inhibited PGE2 synthesis stimulated by
      vasopressin, angiotensin and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 by 55, 65 and 95%
      respectively. The study of vasopressin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis in the absence
      of extracellular Ca2+ demonstrated that: (a) hormone-sensitive phospholipase
      activity was inhibited as measured by [3H]arachidonic acid release; (b) the
      maximal rate of vasopressin-stimulated activity was decreased without a change in
      the vasopressin concentration that evoked half-maximal stimulation of PGE2
      synthesis; and (c) the Ca2+-channel blocker verapamil and the Ca2+-calmodulin
      antagonist trifluoperazine mimicked the inhibitory effects of removing
      extracellular Ca2+. These agents had no effect in the absence of Ca2+. In
      contrast with their effects on vasopressin action, neither the removal of
      extracellular Ca2+ nor the addition of verapamil altered the ability of
      hyperosmotic mannitol to increase PGE2 synthesis. These data are consistent with
      the hypothesis that a component of vasopressin-stimulated PGE2 biosynthesis
      involves the influx of extracellular Ca2+, followed by the activation of Ca2+
      calmodulin-stimulated phospholipase(s).

PMID- 6430279
TI  - Sequence comparison of pepsin-resistant segments of basement-membrane collagen
      alpha 1(IV) chains from bovine lens capsule and mouse tumour.
AB  - The C-terminal peptic fragment P1 (about 518 amino acid residues) of bovine lens
      capsule collagen alpha 1(IV) chain was cleaved with CNBr and trypsin. The
      peptides were purified and characterized, allowing their ordering within the P1
      fragment by comparison with a corresponding section of mouse collagen alpha 1(IV)
      chain [Schuppan, Glanville & Timpl (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 123, 505-512]. About
      67% of the sequence of bovine collagen fragment P1 was determined by Edman
      degradation. Comparison with the sequence of the corresponding mouse collagen
      fragment P1 showed 76% identity for positions Xaa and Yaa of the triplet
      structures Gly-Xaa-Yaa. Invariance was found for the positions of two non-triplet
      interruptions and of 3-hydroxyproline residues, pointing to the functional
      importance of these structures.

PMID- 6430280
TI  - The activity state of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in rat
      tissues.
AB  - An assay is described to define the proportion of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid
      dehydrogenase complex that is present in the active state in rat tissues.
      Activities are measured in homogenates in two ways: actual activities, present in
      tissues, by blocking both the kinase and phosphatase of the enzyme complex during
      homogenization, preincubation, and incubation with 1-14C-labelled branched-chain
      2-oxo acid, and total activities by blocking only the kinase during the 5 min
      preincubation (necessary for activation). The kinase is blocked by 5 mM-ADP and
      absence of Mg2+ and the phosphatase by the simultaneous presence of 50 mM-NaF.
      About 6% of the enzyme is active in skeletal muscle of fed rats, 7% in heart, 20%
      in diaphragm, 47% in kidney, 60% in brain and 98% in liver. An entirely different
      assay, which measures activities in crude tissue extracts before and after
      treatment with a broad-specificity protein phosphatase, gave similar results for
      heart, liver and kidney. Advantages of our assay with homogenates are the
      presence of intact mitochondria, the simplicity, the short duration and the high
      sensitivity. The actual activities measured indicate that the degradation of
      branched-chain 2-oxo acids predominantly occurs in liver and kidney and is
      limited in skeletal muscle in the fed state.

PMID- 6430281
TI  - Collagen heterogeneity and quantification in developing bovine nuchal ligament.
AB  - The collagenous components were investigated in peptic digests of developing
      bovine nuchal ligament. Types I and III collagen were the major species isolated,
      but the presence of types IV, V and VI was also shown. Changes in the pepsin
      susceptibility of nuchal ligament during foetal development were observed. CNBr
      cleavage peptide analysis indicated that type I collagen became cross-linked
      rapidly, as evidenced by the lack of alpha 1(I)CB6. At present it is not clear if
      this decrease in pepsin-susceptibility is due to cross-linking of collagen, to
      increased deposition of elastin, or to both. Quantification of collagen types I
      and III was shown to depend on the method used. When pepsin-solubilized material
      was examined an apparent increase in type III collagen with respect to foetal age
      was observed, whereas when CNBr digests of intact ligament were examined a
      relatively constant amount of type III collagen (approx. 24%) was found. The
      constant amount of type III collagen observed during foetal development changed
      at birth and increased in mature nuchal ligament to represent approx. 45% of the
      total collagen.

PMID- 6430282
TI  - Glycogenolytic effects of the calcium ionophore A23187, but not of vasopressin or
      angiotensin, in foetal-rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Vasopressin, angiotensin and phenylephrine stimulate glycogenolysis in postnatal
      rat liver by a Ca2+-mediated mechanism not involving cyclic AMP. To determine
      whether these hormones promote glycogenolysis in foetal liver, we have examined
      their effects, and those of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, on glycogen metabolism in
      cultured foetal-rat hepatocytes. Vasopressin and angiotensin (0.1 nM-0.1 microM)
      had no effects on either glycogen synthesis (as assessed by [14C]glucose
      incorporation into glycogen) or phosphorylase a activity. However, A23187 at 1
      and 10 microM inhibited glycogen synthesis by 31.3 and 89.1% respectively (both P
      less than 0.001) and stimulated phosphorylase a activity by 66.9 and 184.1%
      respectively (both P less than 0.01). Incubation of cells in Ca2+-deficient
      medium attenuated the effects of 10 microM-A23187 on glycogen synthesis and
      abolished the effects of 1 microM-A23187. As in postnatal liver, glucagon (1 and
      20 nM) and isoprenaline (1 and 10 microM), which activate adenylate cyclase,
      inhibited glycogen synthesis and stimulated phosphorylase a activity in foetal
      hepatocytes. The minimal effective concentration of phenylephrine was 10 times
      that of isoprenaline. These results indicate striking differences in the ontogeny
      of cyclic AMP-mediated and Ca2+-mediated processes which regulate hepatic
      glycogenolysis. Since increases in cytosolic Ca2+ induce glycogenolysis in foetal
      rat liver, the weak or absent responses to vasopressin, angiotensin and the alpha
      adrenergic agonists may result from defects in hormone-receptor binding or in
      post-receptor events leading to the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores.

PMID- 6430283
TI  - Characterization of deoxyribonuclease activities derived from control and
      inflammation-associated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Native DNAase (deoxyribonuclease) activities derived from mouse peritoneal cavity
      and peripheral blood components were separated, detected, and characterized by
      electrophoresis into polyacrylamide gels containing DNA, followed by incubation
      of the gels, and staining of the substrate to reveal only the DNAase activities.
      Resident peritoneal macrophages contained 12 DNAase-II-like activities that were
      characteristic of that cell type, whereas lymphocytes and granulocytes each
      contained five DNAases. Induction of inflammation by peritoneal injection of
      thioglycollate resulted in changes in macrophage DNAase expression, including:
      increased total DNAase activity, a decrease in the number of activities from 12
      to 11, increased activity of a specific subset of the enzymes, and a change in
      the apparent size of a specific subset of the enzymes. Electrophoretic and
      enzymic properties and sensitivity to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H
      indicated that the macrophage activities probably represented charge variants of
      one or two parent peptide chains.

PMID- 6430284
TI  - High-affinity binding of Ca2+ to bovine alpha-lactalbumin in the absence and
      presence of EGTA.
AB  - Literature values for the Kd for Ca2+ in bovine alpha-lactalbumin range over 3
      orders of magnitude. There is a difference between two results obtained with EGTA
      as a metal-ion buffer, partly because different values for the Kd of Ca2+-EGTA
      were used in the calculations, and a much wider difference between results
      obtained in the presence and absence of EGTA, which has been attributed to an
      interaction between EGTA and the protein. Titrations in a flow-dialysis cell
      showed that Mn2+ competed with Ca2+ for the high-affinity site on the protein,
      and the results, combined with a Kd for Mn2+ of 2.1 +/- 0.1 microM, which was
      determined fluorimetrically, gave a Kd for Ca2+ of 1.3 +/- 0.1 nM. When alpha
      lactalbumin containing 45Ca2+ was titrated with EGTA in a flow-dialysis cell, and
      widely accepted metal-chelation data for EGTA were used in the calculations, a Kd
      for Ca2+ of 1.10 +/- 0.03 nM was obtained. The results from the two methods are
      so similar as to indicate that the affinity for Ca2+ was unaffected by the
      presence of EGTA.

PMID- 6430285
TI  - Structure elucidation of platelet activating factor derived from human
      neutrophils.
AB  - Platelet activating factor (PAF) synthesized by human neutrophils challenged by
      opsonized zymosan or calcium ionophore was isolated from cells and buffer using
      Bligh and Dyer extraction following the addition of tracer amounts of tritiated
      PAF. The extract was subjected to TLC separation of phospholipid classes,
      followed by reverse phase HPLC for molecular species separation. All fractions
      were measured for radioactivity, biological activity and fast atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry. While the radioactive tracer PAF could be separated into three
      molecular species, PAF biological activity eluted as a single component which was
      characterized as 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The lack of
      molecular species heterogeneity of PAF produced in response to stimuli implies a
      higher degree of control of biosynthesis than previously suspected.

PMID- 6430286
TI  - Deuterium magnetic resonance study of the interaction between chondroitin sulfate
      and human plasma low density lipoproteins.
AB  - [2H]Chondroitin sulfate was prepared by partial N-deacetylation of chondroitin
      sulfate (via hydrazinolysis) followed by treatment with [2H6]acetic anhydride. 2H
      NMR spectra of [2H]chondroitin sulfate in the presence of human plasma low
      density lipoprotein provide evidence for a soluble complex stoichiometry of 3
      (and possibly 2) lipoproteins per polysaccharide molecule, and allow a rough
      estimation of the dissociation constant Kd.

PMID- 6430287
TI  - The amino terminal sequences of boar sperm proacrosin and active acrosin are
      identical.
AB  - The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of boar sperm proacrosin was determined.
      The first 13 amino acid residues in the amino terminal sequence show an exact
      homology with the amino terminal sequence of boar sperm acrosin.

PMID- 6430288
TI  - Investigation of the kinetic and stereochemical recognition of arene and azaarene
      oxides by isozymes A2 and C2 of glutathione S-transferase.
AB  - The stereoselectivity of the closely related isozymes A2 and C2 of rat liver
      glutathione S-transferase toward several arene and azaarene oxides is examined.
      Isozyme C2 is stereospecific, catalyzing attack of glutathione at the oxirane
      carbon of R absolute configuration for a series of K-region arene oxides
      including phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, 1. Substitution of nitrogen in the biphenyl
      system of 1 causes a loss in stereospecificity. Isozyme A2 exhibits a low degree
      of stereoselectivity toward both arene and azaarene oxides. Kinetic studies of
      the two isozymes show that although isozyme C2 turns over 1 faster than does
      isozyme A2 the opposite is true when 4,5- diazaphenanthrene 9,10-oxide is the
      substrate. The kinetic and stereochemical behavior of the homodimeric isozymes A2
      and C2 can be used to predict the stereoselectivity of the heterodimeric isozyme
      AC perhaps suggesting that catalysis is insensitive to different subunit-subunit
      interactions in the three isozymes.

PMID- 6430289
TI  - Purification of cytochrome P-450 catalyzing 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 from
      rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 catalyzing 25-hydroxylation of cholecalciferol (cytochrome P-450
      cc25 ) was purified from rat liver microsomes based on its catalytic activity at
      each purification step. The specific cytochrome P-450 content of the final
      preparation was 15.1 nmol/mg of protein. Reconstituted activity of 25
      hydroxylation of cholecalciferol with the purified enzyme was 2.3 nmol/min/mg of
      protein, which was 4,300 times as high as that in microsomes. The minimum
      molecular weight of the enzyme was 50,000 based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoretogram. Amino terminal sequence of the P-450 cc25 was H2N-Met-Asp-Pro
      Val-Leu-Val-. Immunochemical study showed that the purified P-450 cc25 was
      homogeneous and the cytochrome was immunochemically different from either
      cytochrome P-450(PB-1) or cytochrome P-448(MC-1).

PMID- 6430290
TI  - The distribution and intracellular translocation of aflatoxin B1 in isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The distribution and intracellular translocation of AFB1 in various subcellular
      fractions was investigated in isolated hepatocytes by pulse-chase experiments.
      After labeling the hepatocytes with [3H]-AFB1 (14.5 nM) for 15 min, the highest
      concentration of [3H]-AFB1 was found in the cytosolic fraction where 66% was
      bound noncovalently and 1.5% covalently. The lowest concentration of [3H]-AFB1
      was found in the nuclear fraction; 36% and 4.9% were bound noncovalently and
      covalently respectively. When the [3H]-AFB1 loaded cells were chased with
      unlabeled AFB1 (1 microM), the radioactivity of [3H]-AFB1 in the cell lysate and
      cytosolic fraction decreased in time with an apparent rate of elimination (t1/2)
      of 93 min and 66 min, respectively. The levels of covalently bound AFB1 increased
      with time and reached a maximum at 60 min in nuclei (270%), and at 120 min in
      mitochondria (220%) and cytosol (430%) as compared to the zero time. Only in the
      microsomal fraction was there no significant increase with time in covalently
      bound AFB1. These results suggest that the toxin after activation by the
      microsomal mixed function oxidases was either detoxified or transported to other
      cellular organelles where covalent binding of macromolecules occurred.

PMID- 6430291
TI  - Chemical identity of the glucose transporter with the [3H]cytochalasin B
      photolabelled component of human erythrocyte membranes. Equal sensitivity to
      trypsin and endoglycosidase F.
AB  - The protein photolabelled by [3H]cytochalasin B and band 4.5, which contains the
      human erythrocyte hexose transporter, were compared by electrophoretically
      monitoring the effect of digestion with endoglycosidase F and trypsin. Band 4.5
      was found to consist of two minor components, Mr 58,000 and 52,000, and one main
      component, Mr 60,000-50,000. Deglycosylation by endoglycosidase F converted both
      the [3H]-labelled species and the main polypeptide of band 4.5 from a mixture of
      polypeptides of Mr 50,000-60,000 to a sharp component of Mr 46,000. Tryptic
      cleavage of the photolabelled protein produced a [3H]-labelled peptide of 19,000
      daltons, which corresponded to an analogous tryptic fragment of the main
      component of band 4.5. Endoglycosidase F treatment of trypsin-treated samples had
      no effect on the 19,000 dalton fragment or the labelled 19,000 component,
      indicating that both species lack the carbohydrate moiety of the parent protein.
      This parallel chemical behaviour indicates that the photolabelled polypeptide is
      representative of the main constituent of band 4.5. Photolabelling may be used
      with confidence to quantitate glucose transporters in other cells.

PMID- 6430292
TI  - Synthesis and in vitro bioactivity of human growth hormone-releasing factor
      analogs substituted at position-1.
AB  - Eight position-1 analogs of the 40-amino acid fragment and two position-1 analogs
      of human growth hormone-releasing factor were synthesized by solid phase
      methodology and their capacity to release growth hormone was determined using rat
      anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. Relative to hGRF(1-40)OH, which
      was arbitrarily assigned a potency value of 1, [D-Tyr1]hGRF(1-40)OH, [Phe1]hGRF(1
      40)OH, [Trp1]hGRF(1-40)OH, [His1]hGRF(1-40)OH, [Ala1]hGRF(1-40)OH, [(
      Ac)Tyr1]hGRF(1-40)OH, Arg0-hGRF(1-40)OH and Ala0-hGRF(1-40)OH have potencies of
      0.022, 0.038, 0.003, 0.351, 0.010, 0.032, 0.002 and 0.007 respectively. Relative
      to hGRF(1-44)NH2 = 1, [(3-Me)His1]hGRF(1-44)NH2 and [(O-Me)Tyr1]hGRF(1-44)NH2
      have potencies of 0.132 and 0.001 respectively. These results demonstrate the
      prerequisite for an aromatic residue at position-1 for potent biological activity
      and also suggest that the capacity for hydrogen bond formation with the first
      residue is required for full receptor-ligand interaction.

PMID- 6430293
TI  - Interaction of terbium with human platelets.
AB  - The effect of terbium on platelets has been studied by aggregation experiments
      and by fluorescence measurements. TbCl3 does not substitute for CaCl2 in the
      aggregation of platelets induced by ADP, but it may even inhibit, probably by a
      competition mechanism. It was impossible to observe a sensitized emission of Tb3+
      in the presence of platelets. Instead the lanthanide, like Ca2+, significantly
      increases the aggregation of platelets induced by A23187. The fluorescence yield
      of this compound is greater in the presence of platelets than in buffer alone.
      Energy transfer appears to take place from the aromatic amino acids of the
      platelet membrane to the bound ionophore.

PMID- 6430294
TI  - Conformations of adducts and kinetics of binding to DNA of the optically pure
      enantiomers of anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide.
AB  - Kinetic flow dichroism studies indicate that the (+) enantiomer of 7 beta, 8
      alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene
      physically bound at intercalative-type sites in double-stranded DNA undergoes
      covalent binding reactions to form adducts at external binding sites. The
      conformation of the non-covalent complex derived from the (-) stereoisomer is
      also intercalative in nature, but the conformations of the covalent adducts are
      heterogeneous and are characterized by both intercalative-type and external
      conformations. It is suggested that the distinctly higher biological activity of
      the (+) enantiomer relative to the activity of the (-) enantiomer may be related
      to the preponderance of 7,8,9-triol benzo(a)pyrene residues covalently linked to
      deoxyguanine and located at external binding sites in the DNA adducts.

PMID- 6430295
TI  - Na+/H+ exchange in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6311.
AB  - The cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6311 adapts to grow in 0.6 M NaCl by developing
      an efficient system for sodium extrusion. In the present investigation cells
      loaded with NaC1 were subjected to a large dilution. Changes in fluorescence
      quenching of acridine orange as a function of transmembrane Na+ gradients provide
      evidence that Na+/H+ exchange activity greatly enhanced in salt-adapted cells.

PMID- 6430296
TI  - Biosynthesis of intestinal microvillar proteins. Intracellular processing of
      lactase-phlorizin hydrolase.
AB  - The biosynthesis of pig small intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.23
      62) was studied by labelling of organ cultured mucosal explants with
      [35S]methionine. The earliest detactable form of the enzyme was an intracellular,
      membrane-bound polypeptide of Mr 225 000, sensitive to endo H as judged by its
      increased electrophoretic mobility (Mr 210 000 after treatment). The labelling of
      this form decreased during a chase of 120 min and instead two polypeptides of Mr
      245 000 and 160 000 occurred, which both barely had their electrophoretic
      mobility changed by treatment with endo H. The Mr 160 000 polypeptide is of the
      same size as the mature lactase-phlorizin hydrolase and was the only form
      expressed in the microvillar membrane. Together, these data are indicative of an
      intracellular proteolytic cleavage during transport. The presence of leupeptin
      during labelling prevented the appearance of the Mr 160 000 form but not that of
      the Mr 245 000 polypeptide, suggesting that the proteolytic cleavage takes place
      after trimming and complex glycosylation. The proteolytic cleavage was not
      essential for the transport since the precursor was expressed in the microvillar
      membrane in the presence of leupeptin.

PMID- 6430297
TI  - N-glucuronide formation of carcinogenic aromatic amines in rat and human liver
      microsomes.
AB  - (1) Sensitive fluorimetric assays were developed for the determination of
      microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 1- and 2-naphthylamine
      and 4-aminobiphenyl. (2) In rat liver microsomes, enzyme activity towards 1
      naphthylamine was orders of magnitude higher than the activities towards 2
      naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl or aniline. The differences were less marked with
      human liver microsomes. (3) Glucuronidation of aniline and 4-aminobiphenyl was
      not appreciably altered in rat liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene- or
      phenobarbital-treated rats. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 1- and
      2-naphthylamine were selectively increased (about 2-fold) by 3-methylcholanthrene
      treatment. However the increases were less marked than those observed with
      representative substrates of the 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible enzyme form. The
      results suggest that the arylamines investigated are predominantly conjugated by
      constitutive enzyme forms in rat liver. (4) Arylamine N-glucuronides were found
      to be susceptible to hydrolysis by E. coli beta-glucuronidase suggesting the
      release of carcinogenic arylamines in the gut and their enterohepatic
      circulation.

PMID- 6430298
TI  - The effect of cytochalasin B on the release of lysosomal enzymes and intra
      lysosomally-stored polyvinylpyrrolidone in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The uptake and subcellular distribution in vivo and release in vitro of 125I
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (125I-PVP) has been studied in rat liver. Using the
      techniques of sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation and isopycnic
      centrifugation, it was shown that 4-15 days after injection of 125I-PVP the
      majority of the radioactivity was still in a high-molecular-weight form and
      associated with the lysosomes of the liver, the size and density properties of
      which were not significantly altered. Practically all of the 125I-PVP found in
      the lysosomes was free in the lumen and not associated with the lysosomal
      membrane, its intra-lysosomal distribution being much more similar to that of
      beta-galactosidase than arylsulphatase or beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. In an
      isolated recirculating perfusion system the liver released all the enzymes
      studied (arylsulphatase, beta-galactosidase and lactate dehydrogenase) and, when
      previously loaded, 125I-PVP was also released into the perfusate. The magnitude
      of the release was always in the order 125I-PVP greater than beta-galactosidase
      greater than arylsulphatase. Preloading the lysosomes in vivo appeared to bring
      about an increase in the mean levels of release of all the enzymes, but the wide
      spread of data made this statistically significant only for lactate
      dehydrogenase. The microfilament poison cytochalasin B increased the release of
      arylsulphatase and beta-galactosidase, but not lactate dehydrogenase, in the
      perfused non-loaded livers, but failed to augment the release of any of the
      enzymes or 125I-PVP in the loaded livers. After perfusion, subcellular
      fractionation of the liver showed that the lysosomes had become enlarged and more
      fragile, especially so with those rich in 125I-PVP and beta-galactosidase rather
      than those rich in arylsulphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase.

PMID- 6430299
TI  - Serum albumin enhances the impairment of platelet aggregation with thromboxane
      synthase inhibition by increasing the formation of prostaglandin D2.
AB  - Dazoxiben, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, inhibits arachidonic acid induced
      aggregation in platelet-rich plasma from some donors only ("responders"). We have
      studied the effect of dazoxiben in vitro on platelet aggregation and
      prostaglandin (PG) metabolism and the influence of the incubation period and of
      exogenously added serum albumin (SA). SA, which increases the production of anti
      aggregatory PGD2 from cyclic endoperoxides, induced "non-responder" human
      platelets to respond. With rabbit platelets, however, that are insensitive to
      PGD2, exogenous SA failed to potentiate dazoxiben-induced inhibition. The ratio
      between PGD2 and TXB2 + PGE2 formed was crucial in determining the response of
      human platelets to dazoxiben: whenever this ratio was high, platelet aggregation
      was inhibited. SQ 22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, and NO164, a PGD2
      antagonist, reversed the inhibition by dazoxiben in human platelet-rich plasma,
      stressing the importance of a PGD2 mediated rise of cyclic AMP for the
      effectiveness of a thromboxane synthase inhibitor.

PMID- 6430300
TI  - Kinetics of methotrexate binding to dihydrofolate reductase from Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The kinetics of methotrexate inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae have been investigated. Methotrexate was shown to be a tight-binding
      inhibitor (Kt = 13 pM) competitive with dihydrofolate. However, "stoichiometric"
      or "pseudoirreversible" inhibition could not be demonstrated. Progress curves of
      inhibited assays quickly attained steady state regardless of the order of
      substrate addition, indicating that methotrexate association and dissociation
      processes were rapid. Kinetic techniques were used to measure the rate of
      methotrexate dissociation from the enzyme-NADPH-methotrexate ternary complex. At
      30 degrees, the first-order off-rate constant (koff) was calculated to be 0.56
      min-1. This value is approximately 40-fold greater than the dissociation rate
      constant of methotrexate for Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. At lower
      temperatures, progress curves of methotrexate-inhibited gonococcal enzyme assays
      displayed marked increases in both curvature and the time to reach steady state.
      At 9 degrees, the methotrexate dissociation rate was slow enough (koff = 0.04 min
      1) so that initial velocities of the reaction could be measured, and under these
      conditions methotrexate inhibition was shown to be "stoichiometric".

PMID- 6430301
TI  - Inhibition of bovine plasma amine oxidase by lead.

PMID- 6430302
TI  - Collagen-induced and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Post-immunization
      treatment with collagen to suppress or abrogate the arthritic response.
AB  - Immunization of Lewis rats with native type II collagen results in an
      inflammatory arthritis and increased humoral and cellular immune responses to
      type II collagen. The exposure of rats to native type II collagen at day 7 or 10
      after immunization suppressed the incidence of arthritis and anticollagen
      antibody levels, although the cellular response was not affected. The exposure to
      denatured type II collagen offered partial protection, while type I collagen had
      no significant effect. Rats immunized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis also showed
      reduced arthritic response when subsequently treated with type II collagen. The
      common modalities between the 2 models and the possible role of type II collagen
      in the interference with the inflammatory arthritic events are discussed.

PMID- 6430303
TI  - Association of HLA-Bw35 with mucocutaneous lesions in rheumatoid arthritis
      patients undergoing sodium aurothiomalate therapy.

PMID- 6430304
TI  - The effect of naftidrofuryl on cyanide-induced hypoxic damage to glucose and
      energy metabolism in brain cortex of rats.
AB  - Increasing life expectancy increases diseases of old age. Dementia is a highly
      age-related brain disease in which the metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose are
      predominantly disturbed. However, related changes in metabolism at the molecular
      level are rather little known. Knowledge on pharmacotherapeutic modification of
      the metabolic variations in the brains of demented people is also scanty. Since
      the vascular type of primary dementia is found to be associated with metabolic
      variations which resemble that of a cerebral hypoxia, hypoxic brain damage was
      produced by means of a sublethal dosage of cyanide in two-year-old rats. The
      cyanide-induced damage in brain metabolism was characterized by an increase of
      the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates succinate, fumarate and malate. This
      indicates disturbances of NAD+- and FAD+-dependent redox reactions also including
      pyruvate oxidation. Lactate production was found to be increased, and creatine
      phosphate formation reduced. Application of 3 mg/kg naftidrofuryl after cyanide
      damage produced a normalizing effect on the cyanide-induced changes in glucose
      and energy metabolism of brain cortex of rats. The tentative conclusion may thus
      be drawn that naftidrofuryl may have a beneficial effect on cyanide-induced
      hypoxic brain damage. Whether this drug might be useful in other brain hypoxic
      conditions remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6430305
TI  - Cardiac and haemodynamic effects of intravenous administrations of flunarizine in
      closed-chest anaesthetized mongrel dogs.
AB  - This study was performed to evaluate the cardiac and haemodynamic effects of 1
      cinnamyl-4-[bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazine dihydrochloride (flunarizine,
      Sibelium ). The compound was dissolved in distilled water acidified with tartaric
      acid in a concentration of 2 mg/ml (pH 1.8) and administered intravenously in
      cumulative doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg. Flunarizine induced
      systemic vasodilatation dose- relatedly starting with a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. as
      indicated by the decrease in systemic vascular resistance, while this compound
      had no vasodilating properties in the pulmonary circulation. Flunarizine caused
      an increase in heart rate following the administration of the higher doses. This
      effect is probably reflexogenic in nature and secondary to the decrease in aortic
      blood pressure. As a consequence the oxygen demand of the myocardium enhanced
      after these high doses of flunarizine as indicated by the increase in pressure
      rate product. Flunarizine did not affect the contractility and the conduction of
      the heart in the doses of 0.03 up to and including 1.0 mg/kg i.v., but could have
      some negative inotropic properties at the highest dose used. The end-tidal CO2
      concentration in the expired air increased after the administration of 0.3 up to
      and including 3.0 mg/kg i.v. From these results, it is concluded that flunarizine
      has systemic vasodilating properties without any cardiac effects at doses from
      0.03 up to and including 1.0 mg/kg i.v.

PMID- 6430306
TI  - Fibrinogen degradation products influence PGI2 synthesis by cultured porcine
      aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The synthesis of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) was found to decrease with age in
      cultured, porcine aortic endothelial cells. Arachidonic acid (AA)-induced PGI2
      synthesis per cell at low cell density was higher than that at high cell density.
      PGI2 synthesis by cultured porcine aortic smooth muscle cells, without exogenous
      AA, was higher than that by cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells, while AA
      induced PGI2 synthesis by cultured porcine aortic medial smooth muscle cells was
      lower than that by cultured endothelial cells. PGI2 synthesis by cultured smooth
      muscle cells incubated with fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) for 24 h
      decreased. After incubation with FDPs for 24 h, AA-induced PGI2 synthesis by
      endothelial cells also diminished. These data suggest that PGI2 synthesis in the
      vascular wall is affected by FDPs, and that FDPs probably play an important role
      in the initiation of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6430307
TI  - Serum apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and B levels and their discriminative values in
      relatives of patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and
      apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II and B concentrations were measured in 109 first
      degree relatives of patients with angiographically defined coronary artery
      disease (CAD). Age- and sex-matched healthy factory employees were chosen as a
      control group. Male relatives of the CAD patients had significantly higher serum
      triglyceride and apoB levels, and significantly lower serum HDL-C and apoA-I
      levels than the controls. Female relatives of the CAD patients also showed
      similar differences in serum HDL-C, apoA-I and apoB levels. Discriminant analysis
      indicated that apolipoproteins were better discriminators than lipids in both
      patients with CAD and their relatives. In univariate analysis, the best
      discriminator was apoB between male relatives and the controls, and apoA-I
      between female relatives and the controls. The percentage of exact classification
      achieved using three variables (serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-C) was
      74% in male relatives and 70% in female relatives. By adding variables of apoA-I
      and apoB, the percentage of correctly classified subjects was increased to 82%
      and 80%, respectively. These results indicate that serum apolipoprotein
      abnormalities are prevalent in relatives of the CAD patients. These abnormalities
      may explain the familial aggregation of CAD.

PMID- 6430308
TI  - Acidic glycosaminoglycans, water and lipids in normal and atherosclerotic human
      cerebral arteries.
AB  - The composition of acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) in normal and atherosclerotic
      human cerebral arteries was studied by enzymatic methods. The main cerebral trunk
      contained more AGAG than the distal branches. The content and relative proportion
      of heparan sulfates were greater in normal areas than in those affected, but the
      reverse was found for dermatan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Quantitative
      changes in AGAG with severity of the disease were compared with those in water
      and lipid content.

PMID- 6430309
TI  - [Radioisotopic angiography in the study of ejection velocity and left ventricular
      filling. Effects of trinitroglycerine].

PMID- 6430310
TI  - Comparison of morphine and sublingual buprenorphine following abdominal surgery.
AB  - In a prospective study, patients undergoing abdominal surgery were allocated
      randomly to receive intermittent morphine 10 mg i.m. (n = 41) or a single
      injection of buprenorphine 0.3 mg i.m. followed by sublingual buprenorphine 0.4
      mg every 6 h (n = 39) for 3 days following operation. Patients receiving
      buprenorphine were allowed additional morphine, if required. Pain scores (linear
      analogue scale) in those patients receiving regular sublingual buprenorphine were
      consistently less than in those receiving intermittent morphine i.m. Half the
      patients receiving buprenorphine required no additional analgesia; only 15%
      required additional analgesia after the first day following operation. Arterial
      blood-gas analyses showed significant hypoxaemia and significantly greater carbon
      dioxide tensions in those receiving buprenorphine. These results suggest that a
      regimen based on the use of sublingual buprenorphine provides pain relief
      comparable to that provided by intermittent opiates i.m.

PMID- 6430311
TI  - Alfentanil-supplemented anaesthesia for short procedures. A double-blind
      comparison with fentanyl.
AB  - Eighty unpremedicated female patients undergoing short gynaecological procedures
      were randomly allocated to four groups and received either alfentanil or fentanyl
      (double-blind), together with Althesin-oxygen or methohexitone-nitrous oxide'
      oxygen. Recovery from anaesthesia was assessed using the post-box test and the
      deletion of p. There was a significantly greater frequency of vomiting after
      operation (P less than 0.05) with methohexitone compared with Althesin and with
      fentanyl compared with alfentanil, and a significantly greater frequency of pain
      on injection (P less than 0.001) with methohexitone compared with Althesin. The
      alfentanil groups completed the post-box test significantly earlier after
      operation than the fentanyl groups (P less than 0.05). We conclude that
      alfentanil may offer a significant advantage over fentanyl as an analgesic
      supplement to i.v. anaesthesia for short procedures.

PMID- 6430312
TI  - Whole body oxygenation using intraperitoneal perfusion of fluorocarbons.
AB  - A preliminary study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of increasing the
      arterial oxygen tension, and decreasing the arterial carbon dioxide tension, in
      intact animals, by means of peritoneal perfusion with the perfluorocarbon
      containing, oxygen-transporting blood substitute, 20% Fluosol-DA. Perfusion was
      carried out in rabbits using a bubble oxygenator and circulator pump, delivering
      Fluosol at a rate of 25 ml min-1. Control blood-gas measurements were carried out
      at various FIO2 between 0.5 and (if the animal was not severely hypoxic) 0.16.
      The measurements were repeated during the intraperitoneal perfusion of Fluosol.
      At all values of FIO2, significant increases in PaO2 were seen (P less than
      0.05). Significant decreases of PaCO2 (P less than 0.05) were seen if the animals
      were not hypoxic (PaO2 greater than 10 kPa).

PMID- 6430313
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in the elderly.
AB  - The kinetics of a single oral dose of sodium valproate was studied in six healthy
      elderly patients (age 68-89 years) and six young control subjects (age 24-26
      years). The profiles of total plasma valproic acid (VPA) concentrations were very
      similar in the elderly and in the young. Half-lives (15.3 +/- 0.7 s.e. mean in
      the elderly vs 13.0 +/- 1.0 h in the young), volumes of distribution (0.16 +/-
      0.01 l/kg in the elderly vs 0.14 +/- 0.01 l/kg in the young) and clearance (7.5
      +/- 0.9 ml h-1 kg-1 in the elderly vs 7.7 +/- 0.6 ml h-1 kg-1 in the young) did
      not differ significantly between the two groups. Free VPA concentrations were
      significantly increased in the elderly. The clearance of the free drug (intrinsic
      clearance) was reduced from 127.0 +/- 12 ml h-1 kg-1 (control value in the young)
      to 77.7 +/- 5.5 ml h-1 kg-1 (P less than 0.02). Free VPA fraction was 9.5 +/-
      0.6% in the elderly and 6.6 +/- 0.5% in the young (P less than 0.02). These
      findings suggest that the pharmacokinetic alterations of VPA in old age are
      complex and include at least two separate mechanisms: a decrease in plasma
      protein binding and a reduction of drug metabolizing capacity resulting in
      decreased clearance of free drug by the liver.

PMID- 6430314
TI  - Differential transplacental binding of valproic acid: influence of free fatty
      acids.
AB  - The unbound fraction of valproic acid (VPA) was found to be significantly lower
      in cord serum (6.0 +/- 0.8%) than in maternal serum collected before oxytocin
      (12.2 +/- 2.7%) or after delivery (9.9 +/- 2.3%). The difference was probably due
      to the concentration of free fatty acids (acting as displacing agents) being
      higher in maternal serum. The transplacental binding gradient explains the
      clinical observation that total VPA levels at delivery are higher in the newborn
      than in the mother.

PMID- 6430315
TI  - Partial reversal of carbamazepine-induced water intolerance by demeclocycline.
AB  - The anti-diuretic action of carbamazepine, before and after concurrent treatment
      with demeclocycline, has been studied in a single epileptic subject, in whom two
      episodes of status epilepticus had been associated with excessive fluid intake
      and hyponatraemia. After addition of demeclocyline, free water clearance, plasma
      arginine vasopressin concentration and serum osmolality (all appreciably reduced
      after carbamazepine alone) increased but did not revert to normal. The findings
      are consistent with direct antagonism by demeclocycline of the enhancing effect
      of carbamazepine on endogenous ADH activity.

PMID- 6430316
TI  - Effect of valproate on free plasma phenytoin concentrations.
AB  - The plasma protein binding of phenytoin was studied in nine epileptic patients
      before and during addition of sodium valproate to the drug therapy. The free
      phenytoin fraction in plasma was significantly greater during sodium valproate
      treatment. The mean free fraction rose from 0.135 +/- 0.019 (s.d.) to 0.182 +/-
      0.030. Total plasma phenytoin concentration fell significantly from a range of
      4.3-26.2 micrograms/ml to 3.4-19.8 micrograms/ml during sodium valproate
      treatment. Neither the free plasma concentration nor the saliva concentration of
      phenytoin was significantly altered by sodium valproate. No significant
      correlation was found between plasma valproic acid concentrations and the change
      in phenytoin binding. We conclude that valproic acid displaces phenytoin from
      plasma protein binding sites but does not inhibit its metabolism.

PMID- 6430317
TI  - Modes and mechanisms of action of vasoactive drugs and especially of
      cyclandelate.

PMID- 6430318
TI  - Cyclandelate and a number of its metabolites inhibit discocyte-echinocyte
      transformations of human erythrocytes.

PMID- 6430319
TI  - The clinical efficacy of Cyclospasmol: a review of the literature.

PMID- 6430320
TI  - Inhibition of aldose reductase from rat nervous tissue by metabolites of
      cyclandelate.

PMID- 6430321
TI  - Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by cyclandelate.

PMID- 6430322
TI  - Inhibition of atherosclerosis in the rabbit by cyclandelate.

PMID- 6430323
TI  - The effect of cyclandelate on cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 6430324
TI  - The anti-hypoxaemic effect of cyclandelate in man measured in human volunteers
      using computer-assisted oculodynamic methodology.

PMID- 6430325
TI  - Benefits of cyclandelate in the treatment of disorders of ageing.

PMID- 6430326
TI  - Effects of cyclandelate on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 6430327
TI  - Clinical effects of Cyclospasmol in patients affected by chronic cerebrovascular
      disorders.

PMID- 6430328
TI  - Inhaled lactose-free sodium cromoglycate powder in the treatment of recurrent
      asthma.
AB  - Sodium cromoglycate is widely used in many countries as a first-line drug in the
      prevention of bronchial asthma, but in others, particularly the United States,
      there are doubts about its role. It has been suggested that the lactose, which
      was used as a carrier substance in the earlier preparation, might have
      contributed to the apparent efficacy of the drug. In view of this a double-blind
      controlled trial comparing inhaled lactose-free sodium cromoglycate powder (C)
      with placebo (P) has been undertaken in patients with chronic asthma not
      adequately controlled by bronchodilators. Thirty adult patients (15 C, 15 P) with
      demonstrable reversibility of their airflow obstruction of at least 20% and who
      were not taking corticosteroids or sodium cromoglycate were admitted to the
      study. The C patients had, on average, more severe asthma in the 4-week pretrial
      assessment period and were taking more bronchodilators. After 12 weeks on trial
      therapy the results for the C group were significantly better than for the P
      group in terms of changes in symptom scores, the amount of inhaled bronchodilator
      used and morning and evening peak flow rates. There was already evidence of
      greater improvement in the C group by 4 weeks. These results indicate that in
      this group of atopic patients with frequent asthma symptoms despite
      bronchodilator therapy, inhaled lactose-free sodium cromoglycate powder provided
      improved control of asthma symptoms.

PMID- 6430329
TI  - The effects on wound healing of three amino acids--a comparison of two models.
AB  - We have utilized two different models to evaluate the role of the amino acids L
      cysteine, glycine and DL-threonine in wound healing. Both studies used a double
      blind, placebo-controlled, randomized treatment plan. The first model involved
      the use of blister bases created on human forearm skin by the ammonium hydroxide
      technique, whilst the second model was that of hypostatic leg ulceration. We
      conclude that the amino acids did not contribute to the healing of blister bases
      but that they were of benefit in hypostatic leg ulceration.

PMID- 6430330
TI  - Study of lysosomal enzyme release by microspectrofluorometry on single cells.

PMID- 6430331
TI  - Differential inhibition of two molecular forms of melanoma cell plasminogen
      activator by a placental inhibitor.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of a placental urokinase inhibitor on the one- and two
      chain form of melanoma cell derived plasminogen activator (PA) was investigated.
      The melanoma cell PA has been shown to be similar to or identical with the PA
      found in normal tissue. With constant concentration of placental inhibitor the
      rate of inhibition of the two-chain form was fast in contrast to that of the one
      chain form. With constant incubation time but increasing concentrations of the
      placental inhibitor the two-chain form was inactivated to a greater extent at
      lower concentrations of placental inhibitor than was the one-chain form. The
      increased reactivity of the two-chain form of melanoma PA compared to the single
      chain form may explain the role of tissue PA in achieving high local
      concentrations of PA activity which facilitate selective fibrin clot lysis.

PMID- 6430332
TI  - Use of Adsol preservation solution for prolonged storage of low viscosity AS-1
      red blood cells.
AB  - A new red cell preservation solution is described in which the red cells may be
      stored for 49 d with greater than 75% mean post-transfusion recovery. Blood is
      drawn into Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Solution, centrifuged, the
      plasma removed and the cells resuspended in 100 ml of a solution containing
      saline, adenine, dextrose and mannitol (Adsol Preservation Solution, Fenwal
      Laboratories, Deerfield, Illinois). The final product, AS-1 Red Blood Cells, has
      a haematocrit of approximately 0.60 and flow properties that are similar to those
      of whole blood. After storage, red cell haemolysis is minimal and erythrocyte
      adenosine triphosphate is well preserved. This study documents that red cells may
      be stored in a protein-poor electrolyte medium for periods of 49 d with good post
      transfusion survival.

PMID- 6430333
TI  - Testosterone, erythropoietin and anaemia in patients with disseminated bronchial
      cancer.
AB  - In 21 newly diagnosed male patients with disseminated bronchial cancer, anaemia
      was associated with a reduced serum concentration of testosterone. Erythropoietin
      levels were increased in anaemic patients. The results suggest a normal
      erythropoietin response to anaemia in this condition. The reduced testosterone
      concentration is associated with normal levels of luteinizing hormone and its
      significance in the pathogenesis of the anaemia is uncertain.

PMID- 6430334
TI  - Annotation. Thromboembolism in pregnancy and its management.

PMID- 6430335
TI  - Fractionation of human antibody to factor VIII:C: and IRMA for phospholipid
      binding sites on factor VIII C:Ag.
AB  - Labelled Fab' fragments, derived from the plasma of a severe haemophiliac with
      antibody directed against factor VIII clotting antigen (VIII C:Ag), were
      fractionated by immunoabsorption with, first, a complex of phospholipid (PL)
      vesicles and factor VIII and, second, with factor VIII alone. Two pools of
      labelled anti-VIII C:Ag were obtained and were used in immunoradiometric assays
      (IRMAs) for VIII C:Ag. With one pool (non-PL-site antibody) VIII C:Ag assays were
      unaffected by pre-incubation of factor VIII with PL vesicles; however, binding of
      the second pool of antibody to VIII C:Ag was prevented by PL preincubation,
      indicating that these antibody molecules bind at or near a phospholipid binding
      site on VIII C:Ag (PL-site antibody). Assays of VIII C:Ag in an intermediate
      purity factor VIII concentrate with these two antibody pools indicate that more
      than one third of the VIII C:Ag may be bound to PL.

PMID- 6430336
TI  - The interpretation of platelet kinetic studies for the identification of sites of
      abnormal platelet destruction.
AB  - The kinetics of platelets labelled with 111In have been studied in a series of
      175 subjects including 18 normal volunteers, and 12 patients with idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), but excluding patients in whom there was
      scintigraphic evidence of intravascular platelet consumption. From analysis of
      the kinetics, the following parameters were calculated: splenic blood flow (SBF),
      intrasplenic platelet transit time (t-), splenic platelet pool capacity
      (expressed as a percentage of the total circulating platelet population), the
      fraction of the dose of labelled platelets ultimately destroyed in the spleen and
      the mean platelet life span (MPLS). SBF increased with increasing spleen size up
      to values of 25% total blood volume (TBV) per min. Some patients with immune
      complex related diseases were identified with elevated SBF (up to 24% TBV min-1)
      but without significant splenomegaly. Patients with cardiac decompensation had
      reduced SBF relative to spleen size. t- showed no relationship with spleen size.
      It tended to fall in patients who had high SBF relative to spleen size and to
      rise in those with low SBF relative to spleen size; i.e. it was inversely related
      to splenic perfusion (flow per unit tissue volume). The splenic platelet pool
      capacity is dependent on platelet input (SBF) and splenic platelet clearance
      (reciprocal of t-), and showed a close relationship with spleen size. When all
      subjects except those with ITP were considered, splenic platelet destruction
      showed a good correlation (r = 0.70, n = 42, P less than 0.001) with the splenic
      platelet pooling capacity. The ratio of the fraction of platelets destroyed in
      the spleen to the fraction pooling there, the D/P ratio, was approximately unity
      and did not appear to vary with MPLS, spleen size or the patient's condition,
      except in ITP where it varied between about 0.5 and 2. This variation in ITP was
      thought to be the result of an immune mediated re-direction of reticulo
      endothelial platelet destruction. It is suggested that the D/P ratio, rather than
      the absolute quantity of 111In labelled platelets destroyed in the spleen, may be
      a more useful predictor of response to splenectomy since it takes into account
      the observed, appropriate, tendency for the spleen to destroy platelets in
      proportion to its platelet pooling capacity.

PMID- 6430337
TI  - The effect of desamino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) and naloxone infusions on
      factor VIII and possible endothelial cell (EC) related activities.
AB  - Studies on the effect of DDAVP both in vitro and in vivo are reported. In order
      to define the extent of the DDAVP induced rise of circulating endothelial cell
      proteins in normal individuals and the endothelial cell defect in von
      Willebrand's disease (vWd) we have measured the effect of intravenous DDAVP on a
      range of possible endothelial cell markers in normal subjects and in patients
      with mild haemophilia and vWd. In a series of double blind cross over studies on
      normal volunteers we have tested the effect of naloxone, DDAVP or saline on
      circulating levels of factor VIII related activities (VIIIR) and plasminogen
      activator (PA). The results confirmed the effect of DDAVP on circulating levels
      of VIIIR and PA but showed that it did not induce release of these activities
      from cultured endothelial cells in vitro nor did it influence circulating levels
      of other endothelial cell markers including fibronectin, antithrombin III and
      platelet factor 4. Infusion of nalaxone did not significantly alter circulating
      levels of VIIIR or PA nor the response of these to DDAVP suggesting that normally
      these activities are not subjected to a vasopressin drive.

PMID- 6430338
TI  - The pelvis as a passageway. I. Evolution and adaptations.
AB  - Man has an unusual pelvis, a large fetal head, and a complicated mechanism of
      labour. The evolution of the pelvic girdle, like that of the hind limb, is a
      story with some chapters still missing. In mammals the pelvis has been modified
      in various interesting ways to effect compromises between its locomotor function
      and the requirements of parturition. Among the primates, the increasing size of
      the fetal brain may have necessitated a change in the attitude of the head from
      extension to flexion as it goes through the pelvis. The distinctive shape of the
      hominid pelvis is probably an adaptation to bipedal gait. The birth canal has
      changed from a shallow bony ring to a deep curved tube, through which the mature
      fetal head can only pass by rotating as it descends.

PMID- 6430339
TI  - A functional study of platelets in menstrual fluid.
AB  - Platelets were isolated from menstrual and peripheral venous blood samples taken
      from nine women during the first 2 days of menstruation. The washed platelets
      were tested for their ability to aggregate in response to arachidonic acid, ADP,
      and collagen, and to metabolize arachidonic acid. Menstrual platelets differed
      from venous platelets in (1) failing to aggregate when challenged with
      aggregatory stimuli and (2) producing no appreciable cyclo-oxygenase products
      from arachidonic acid as reflected in thromboxane B2 release. However, incubation
      of peripheral venous platelets with menstrual serum obtained from the same
      patients induced aggregation. The responses of menstrual and peripheral venous
      platelets were the same irrespective of the patients' total menstrual blood loss.
      Uterine venous platelets collected during menstruation from two patients at
      hysterectomy aggregated normally and produced thromboxane B2.

PMID- 6430340
TI  - Disc oedema in association with Hunter's syndrome: ocular histopathological
      findings.
AB  - The histopathology of the posterior half of one eye and the optic nerves of a man
      with Hunter's syndrome, who was known to have disc oedema without raised
      intracranial pressure for 11 years of his life, is reported. The possible
      pathogenesis of the disc oedema is discussed; an important contributory factor
      was the deposition of abnormal mucopolysaccharides within the sclera. This caused
      gross thickening of the sclera with compression of the optic nerve at the
      intrascleral level.

PMID- 6430341
TI  - The effect of dietary lysine levels on growth and metabolism of rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri; mean weight 5 g) were given diets
      containing 10, 12, 14, 17, 21, 24 and 26 g lysine/kg diet for 12 weeks. By
      analysis of the growth values the dietary requirement of lysine in this
      experiment was found to be 19 g/kg diet. A similar requirement value was obtained
      from a dose-response curve of expired 14CO2 (following an intraperitoneal
      injection of L-[U-14C]lysine) v. dietary lysine concentration. Liver
      concentrations of total lipid and carnitine and activities of lysine-alpha
      ketoglutarate reductase (saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, lysine-forming), EC
      1.5.1.8) in the liver were not significantly different in fish from the different
      dietary treatments. Hepatosomatic index, however, was higher in those fish given
      low levels of dietary lysine.

PMID- 6430342
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by 2-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene.
AB  - The azodye 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene inhibited oxidation and
      phosphorylation in tightly coupled rat liver mitochondria. Phosphorylation was
      more sensitive to the inhibitory action of the azodye than was the oxidation of
      succinate or ascorbate. The oxidation of NAD+-linked substrate was severely
      inhibited by the compound. In submitochondrial particles, only NADH oxidation was
      sensitive. The site of inhibition has been identified to lie between the
      dehydrogenase flavoprotein and ubiquinone.

PMID- 6430343
TI  - Catalytic properties and inhibition of Cd2+-carbonic anhydrases.
AB  - Cd2+ derivatives of human carbonic anhydrases I and II and bovine red cell
      carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) have been prepared. The
      metal ion in these derivatives is readily displaced by Zn2+. The Cd2+-carbonic
      anhydrases have appreciable 4-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolase activities. These
      activities increase with pH as if dependent on the basic form of a group with pKa
      near 10. The Cd2+-carbonic anhydrases also have significant CO2 hydration
      activities. The Cd2+ derivatives are strongly inhibited by monovalent anions. In
      particular, I- is a much more potent inhibitor of the Cd2+ enzymes than of the
      native enzymes. Acetazolamide (5-acetylamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole 2-sulfonamide) is
      also a strong inhibitor although its affinity for the Cd2+ enzyme is less than
      its affinity for the native enzyme.

PMID- 6430344
TI  - Affinity labelling of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase with 2-bromo-3-(5
      imidazolyl)propionic acid.
AB  - 2-Bromo-3-(5-imidazolyl)propionic acid, a zinc-directed thiol reagent,
      inactivates the enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from bovine liver (5
      aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing, EC
      4.2.1.24). The substrate, 5-aminolevulinic acid, completely protects against
      inactivation. The reagent inhibits the zinc-containing enzyme to a greater extent
      than the zinc-deprived enzyme; and it competes with the zinc chelator 1,10
      phenanthroline. The reagent alkylates essential sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme,
      since the extent of the inactivation depends on the reduction of the enzyme
      protein by thiol compounds. It is concluded that the zinc site, the substrate
      site and the essential sulfhydryl groups are in close proximity in the active
      site.

PMID- 6430345
TI  - Reaction of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase with micellar substrates.
      Effect of particle sizes.
AB  - Micellar, discoidal complexes were prepared from L-alpha
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or egg phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC),
      cholesterol, and human apolipoprotein A-I by the cholate dialysis method.
      Reaction mixtures containing from 70:7:1 to 500:50:1,
      PC/cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I (mol/mol) were fractionated by gel-filtration
      into various complex fractions. The isolated DPPC complexes ranged in size from
      103 to 380 A in diameter, and in composition from 70:7:1 to 470:45:1,
      PC/cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I (mol/mol), respectively. In contrast, the
      isolated egg-PC complexes only ranged in size from 105 to 214 A in diameter, and
      in composition from 65:5:1 to 153:17:1, PC/cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I
      (mol/mol), respectively. Measurements of fluorescence wavelength maxima and
      fluorescence polarization of tryptophan residues of apolipoprotein A-I, in both
      series of complexes, revealed uniform spectral properties for all the egg-PC
      containing complexes. The DPPC complexes, on the other hand, had maxima in the
      fluorescence parameters for complexes with diameters around 200 A. When reacted
      with purified human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, either at constant
      apolipoprotein A-I or at constant lipid concentration, all egg-PC complexes had
      very similar reaction rates, but the DPPC complex series exhibited major
      differences in reactivity. Minima in reaction rates occurred for DPPC complexes
      around 200 A in diameter, and optimal rates were observed with the small
      discoidal complexes (110 A in diameter). These reaction rates correlate well with
      the apolipoprotein A-I fluorescence properties and indicate that the
      apolipoprotein structure, reflected at the interface with phosphatidylcholine,
      may be the most important factor in determining complex reactivity with
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.

PMID- 6430346
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolic pathways in the rabbit pericardium.
AB  - Minced rabbit pericardium actively converts [1-14C]arachidonic acid into the
      known prostaglandins (6-[1-14C]ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, [1-14C]prostaglandin
      E2 and [1-14C]prostaglandin F2 alpha) and into several unidentified metabolites.
      The major metabolite was separated by C18 reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC
      MS) to be 6,15-[1-14C]diketo-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F1 alpha. The other
      nonpolar metabolites were 15-[1-14C]hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosa-tetraenoic acid (15
      HETE), 11-[1-14C]hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (11-HETE) and 12-[1
      14C]hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). Arachidonic acid
      metabolites actively produced by the pericardium could influence the tone of
      surface blood vessels on the myocardium.

PMID- 6430347
TI  - Analysis of pulmonary surfactant apoproteins by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Apoproteins of Mr 38 000, 32 000 and 26 000 are found in surfactant isolated from
      rat lungs. The surfactant isolated from monkey lungs, on the other hand, contains
      the 38 kDa apoprotein and not the 32 and 26 kDa apoproteins. These preparations
      of pulmonary surfactant contain, in addition, several serum proteins. We have
      used a combination of salt- and sucrose-density gradient centrifugations to
      isolate and further purify surfactant from the washings of rat lungs. Thus, a
      preparation of pulmonary surfactant was obtained which contained exclusively the
      38, 32, 26 and 10-12 kDa apoproteins, and which was rich in phosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylglycerol. Using an immunoassay and an immunoblotting technique,
      it was established that the 38, 32 and 26 kDa apoproteins are not serum proteins.
      The surfactant apoproteins of rat and monkey were further subjected to the high
      resolution of isoelectric focusing. Thus, rat surfactant apoproteins resolved
      into 11 bands in the pH range 4.64-5.53. A second-dimensional electrophoresis in
      a sodium dodecyl sulfate system led to the migration of the 11 bands, separated
      by first-dimensional isoelectric focusing, into three distinct groups with
      apparent molecular weights of 38 000, 32 000 and 26 000, respectively. Upon
      isoelectric focusing, the apoproteins from monkey lung surfactant also separated
      into several bands in the pH range 5.18-5.82. After electrophoresis in the second
      dimension as above, these bands migrated as a single group with an apparent
      molecular weight of 38 000. Neuraminidase treatment of rat surfactant
      apoproteins, and subsequent IEF, led to the disappearance of several low-pI
      variants with a concomitant increase in the amounts of higher-pI variants. Thus,
      the sialic acid content of surfactant apoproteins accounts for, in large part,
      the observed charge heterogeneity.

PMID- 6430348
TI  - Fatty acid oxidation in human and rat heart. Comparison of cell-free and cellular
      systems.
AB  - Oxidation rates of palmitate and activities of the mitochondrial marker enzymes
      cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase have been determined in homogenates,
      isolated mitochondria and slices of human and rat heart and in calcium-tolerant
      rat cardiac myocytes. Homogenates and mitochondria from rat heart showed a 6- and
      2.5-fold higher palmitate oxidation rate than the corresponding preparations from
      human heart. From the palmitate oxidation rates and cytochrome c oxidase and
      citrate synthase activities as parameters, the mitochondrial protein contents of
      human and rat heart were calculated to be about 18 and 45 mg/g wet weight,
      respectively. Based on citrate synthase activities, the fatty acid oxidation
      rates were about the same in homogenates and isolated mitochondria, much lower in
      myocytes and lowest in slices. In the cellular systems the palmitate molecule was
      more completely oxidized than in homogenates or isolated mitochondria. Fatty acid
      oxidation rates were concentration-dependent in slices, but not with myocytes.
      With the cellular systems, palmitate oxidation was synergistically stimulated by
      the addition of carnitine, coenzyme A and ATP to the incubation medium. This
      stimulation could be attributed only partly to an increased oxidation in damaged
      cells.

PMID- 6430349
TI  - Spectral properties of a mixture of fluorescent pigments produced by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The major chromophore of a mixture of fluorescent pigments produced by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 had pH-dependent absorption, excitation, and
      emission spectra, such that two ionic forms existed in the ground state and three
      in the excited states. The pigments could complex with several metal ions to
      change fluorescence and absorption spectra. Although the pigments were separable
      into several components, spectra indicated that the same fluorescent chromophore
      was present in each component. Hydrolysis of the mixture of pigments gave amino
      acids which did not include alanine or lysine. These pigments must therefore
      differ from those described by other workers, even though similarities of the
      chromophores were evident from comparisons with data in the literature, and from
      comparisons of a hydrolytic product of the mixture of pigments, termed compound
      F, with the chromophore of the fluorescent pigment of Azotobacter vinelandii.
      Drastic hydrolysis of the latter chromophore also yielded compound F.

PMID- 6430350
TI  - Purification and characterization of an intracellular N-terminal exopeptidase
      from Streptococcus durans.
AB  - An intracellular N-terminal exopeptidase isolated from cell extracts of
      Streptococcus durans has been purified 470-fold to homogeneity (specific activity
      of 12.0 mumol/min per mg). In the absence of thiol compounds, the purified
      aminopeptidase undergoes a slow oxidation with a 70% loss of activity, which can
      be restored by the addition of 2 mM beta-mercaptoethanol. The purified
      aminopeptidase (Mr 300000) preferred L-peptide and arylamide substrates with
      small nonpolar or basic side chains. SDS electrophoresis yielded a single protein
      band corresponding to a molecular weight of 49400, suggesting that the native
      enzyme is a hexameric protein. The enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of L-alanyl-p
      nitroanilide exhibited a bell-shaped pH dependence for log Vmax/Km (pK1 = 6.35;
      pK2 = 8.50) while the log Vmax versus pH profile showed only an acid limb (pK =
      6.35). Methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation of the enzyme resulted in the
      complete loss of activity, while L-leucine, a competitive inhibitor, partially
      protected against this inactivation. Amino acid analysis indicated that this
      photooxidative loss of activity corresponded to the modification of one histidine
      residue per enzyme monomer. N-Ethylmaleimide (100 mM) caused a 78% reduction in
      enzyme activity. Treatment of the enzyme with 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide resulted
      in the oxidation of two cysteine residues per enzyme monomer and caused a 70%
      decrease in the catalytic activity.

PMID- 6430351
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of hypusine in proteins and
      its distribution and developmental changes.
AB  - A simple and sensitive method for determining hypusine in proteins was developed.
      A greater part of amino acids in the acid hydrolysate of proteins was separated
      from hypusine by treatment with an ion-exchange resin. The sample containing
      partially purified hypusine was then analyzed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography using the post-column derivatization method with o-phthalaldehyde.
      The recovery rate of hypusine through the overall procedure was more than 95%.
      Using this method, the distribution and developmental changes of hypusine in
      proteins were determined. The amino acid was found in proteins of all examined
      organs of rat. Its concentration was 5-40 nmol/g protein. The subcellular
      distribution in rat liver was also determined. About 60% of total amount of
      hypusine was present in the proteins of cytoplasmic and microsomal fractions and
      its relative concentration was high in the proteins of microsome and lysosome and
      low in mitochondria. In developing rat, the concentration of hypusine in the
      brain proteins was relatively high during the first 2 or 3 weeks of postnatal
      life and then decreased until adulthood. Its concentration in the liver proteins
      was highest at birth and then decreased continuously to the adult level.

PMID- 6430352
TI  - The effect of carbohydrate depletion on procoagulant activity and in vivo
      survival of highly purified human factor VIII.
AB  - Human factor VIII procoagulant protein (factor VIII) was purified using a
      modification of our previously described method, in which Sephacryl S-400
      elution, rather than QAE-cellulose chromatography, served as the final
      purification step. The protein had a specific activity of more than 2500 U/mg and
      consisted of a single polypeptide (Mr 100 000) when analyzed by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Factor VIII was shown to be a glycoprotein by
      staining with periodic acid-Schiff's reagent following electrophoresis. Treatment
      of factor VIII with a mixture of exo- and endoglycosidases caused a reduction by
      about 50% in the intensity of periodic acid-Schiff staining, as determined by
      scanning densitometry, and an increase in electrophoretic mobility (equivalent to
      a new Mr 95 000). Removal of this portion of the total carbohydrate had no
      significant effect on factor VIII clotting activity or on thrombin potentiation
      of clotting activity. The in vivo survival curves of a native and sugar-depleted
      125I-labeled factor VIII both showed similar patterns of initial rapid decay to
      60 and 40% activity, respectively, followed by a one-half decay time of 4 h for
      both. These results suggest that the carbohydrate portion of human factor VIII
      does not contribute significantly to either clotting function in vitro or to
      biological turnover in vivo.

PMID- 6430353
TI  - Isolation of a storage and secretory organelle containing Von Willebrand protein
      from cultured human endothelial cells.
AB  - Von Willebrand protein was synthesized and secreted by human endothelial cells in
      culture. Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate stimulated the
      release of Von Willebrand protein from the cultured cells. Stimulated release was
      accompanied by the disappearance of rod-like structures from the cultured
      endothelial cells immunostained for Von Willebrand protein, suggesting the
      existence of a storage organelle for Von Willebrand protein in these cells
      (Loesberg, C., Gonsalves, M.D., Zandbergen, J., Willems, C., Van Aken, W.G.,
      Stel, H.V., Van Mourik, J.A. and De Groot, P.G. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      763, 160-168). Cultured human endothelial cells were fractionated on a density
      gradient of colloidal silica. Von Willebrand protein was found in two organelle
      populations: a buoyant one sedimenting with a variety of cell organelle marker
      enzymes, including those of the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes,
      peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane fragments (peak density of
      this fraction: 1.08 g X ml-1), and a dense one with a peak density of 1.12 g X ml
      1. The dense organelles containing Von Willebrand protein were apparently free of
      other organelles. Stimulating Von Willebrand protein release with phorbol
      myristate acetate or Ca2+ ionophore A23187 resulted in a decrease or even
      complete disappearance of Von Willebrand protein from the high-density organelle
      fraction, implying a role of this organelle in the stimulus-induced release of
      Von Willebrand protein. The Von Willebrand protein content of the buoyant
      fraction was lowered to some extent or did not change upon incubation of the
      cells with ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate. Restoration of Von
      Willebrand protein content of the dense organelle fraction after stimulation
      occurred within 2 days; this was accompanied by recurrence of immunostaining of
      rod-shaped structures in cells and an increase in cellular Von Willebrand
      protein. The excretion of restored Von Willebrand protein could be stimulated
      again.

PMID- 6430354
TI  - Stoichiometry of nitrite reduction catalyzed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite
      reductase.
AB  - The stoichiometry of the reduction of nitrite catalyzed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      nitrite-reductase (cytochrome cd1) has been shown to yield nitrous oxide as the
      final product. Gas chromatography experiments demonstrated that nitric oxide is
      also formed as a free intermediate. A sequential formation of NO and N2O is
      discussed as opposed to the parallel formation of the two products.

PMID- 6430355
TI  - [Isoenzymes of melanosomal tyrosinase isolated from transplanted hamster
      melanomas].
AB  - The isoenzyme profiles of tyrosinase isolated from melanosomal and cytoplasmic
      fractions of hamster melanoma were investigated. The liberation of the enzyme
      from the melanosomal membranes was achieved by their treatment with Triton X-100
      or alpha-chymotrypsin. The isoenzyme spectrum of tyrosinase liberated by use of
      Triton X-100 from melanosomes differing in the degree of melanization is
      identical to that of the cytoplasmic enzyme and gives three peaks on a
      densitogram. The liberation of melanosomal tyrosinase by alpha-chymotrypsin
      results in the appearance of an additional isoenzyme due to proteolytic
      degradation. The role of tyrosinase isoenzymes in the synthesis of melanin is
      discussed.

PMID- 6430356
TI  - Ontogeny and neonatology of circulating endogenous inhibitor(s) of prostaglandin
      synthase in the human.
AB  - To further understand the mechanism by which in vivo prostaglandin synthesis may
      be orchestrated, plasma levels of endogenous inhibitor(s) of prostaglandin
      synthase (EIPS) in the human fetus, neonate and adult have been measured. In
      general, a reciprocal relationship was found between plasma EIPS levels and
      previously reported plasma prostaglandin concentrations. This result supports a
      role for EIPS in the control of prostaglandin biosynthesis in the human.

PMID- 6430357
TI  - Effects of jaundice and phototherapy on gastric emptying in the newborn.
AB  - Gastric emptying rate was measured in term infants without jaundice, with mild
      jaundice, and with moderate jaundice before and after phototherapy. Gastric
      emptying was significantly delayed in the moderately jaundiced infants (serum
      unconjugated bilirubin 233-332 mumol/l) but returned to normal following
      phototherapy. Mild jaundice (serum unconjugated bilirubin 170-204 mumol/l) had no
      effect on gastric emptying. Jaundice appears to inhibit gastric emptying, and
      phototherapy influences emptying indirectly by lowering serum bilirubin
      concentration. This effect is likely to be of clinical significance in a small
      minority of jaundiced infants.

PMID- 6430358
TI  - The effects of prenatal exposure to structurally diverse chemicals on the
      ontogeny of rat dehydrogenases.
AB  - Activity levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were measured in the livers and brains
      of rats treated prenatally with 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB, 3 mg/kg/day),
      diethylstilbestrol (DES, 10 micrograms/kg/day), zeranol (ZN, 4mg/kg/day), and
      cadmium (Cd, 25 mg/kg/day) and compared with enzyme levels for control groups.
      Enzyme activities were measured at days 15, 17, 19, and 21 prenatally, and days
      1, 5, 10, 21, 35, and 56 postnatally. SDH activity was not altered by treatment
      with 4CB, DES, or ZN, but Cd produced reduced levels in both liver and brain of
      sexually mature offspring. The patterns of LDH and G6PDH, including sexual
      differentiation of the latter in adult liver, were not affected by any of the
      treatments in either tissue. The developmental profiles of each of these enzymes
      in untreated animals is unique, suggesting that a similar catalytic mechanism is
      not a factor in determining the patterns of their developmental accumulation.

PMID- 6430359
TI  - Decay in plasma lithium and normalization in red blood cell choline following
      cessation of lithium treatment in two elderly individuals with Alzheimer-type
      dementia.

PMID- 6430360
TI  - Amine inversion in proteins. A 13C-NMR study of proton exchange and nitrogen
      inversion rates in N epsilon,N epsilon,N alpha,N alpha-[13C]tetramethyllysine,N
      epsilon,N epsilon,N alpha,N alpha-[13C]tetramethyllysine methyl ester, and
      reductively methylated concanavalin A.
AB  - Exchange rates were calculated as a function of pH from line widths of
      methylamine resonances in 13C-NMR spectra of N epsilon,N epsilon,N alpha,N alpha
      [13C]tetramethyllysine (TML) and N epsilon,N epsilon,N alpha,N alpha
      tetramethyllysine methyl ester (TMLME). The pH dependence of the dimethyl alpha
      amine exchange rate could be adequately described by assuming base-catalyzed
      chemical exchange between two diastereotopic methyl populations related by
      nitrogen inversion. Deprotonation of the alpha-amine was assumed to occur by
      proton transfer to (1) OH-, (2) water, (3) a deprotonated amine or (4) RCO2-.
      Microscopic rate constants characterizing each of these transfer processes (k1,
      k2, k3 and k4, respectively) were determined by fitting the rates calculated from
      line width analysis to a steady-state kinetic model. Using this procedure it was
      determined that for both TML and TMLME k2 approximately equal to 1-10 M-1 s-1, k3
      approximately equal to 10(6) M-1 s-1 and ki, the rate constant for nitrogen
      inversion was about 10(8)-10(9) s-1. Upper limits of 10(12) and 10(3) M-1 s-1
      could be determined for k1 and k4, respectively. A similar kinetic analysis was
      used to explain pH-dependent line-broadening effects observed for the N-terminal
      dimethylalanyl resonance in 13C-NMR spectra of concanavalin A, reductively
      methylated using 90% [13C]formaldehyde. From exchange data below pH 4 it could be
      determined that amine inversion was limited by the proton transfer rate to the
      solvent, with a rate constant estimated at 20 M-1 s-1. Above pH 4, exchange was
      limited by proton transfer to other titrating groups in the protein structure.
      Based upon their proximity, the carboxylate side chains of Asp-2 and Asp-218
      appear to be likely candidates. The apparent first-order microscopic rate
      constant characterizing proton transfer to these groups was estimated to be about
      1 X 10(4) s-1. Rate constants characterizing nitrogen inversion (ki), proton
      transfer to OH- (k1) and proton transfer to the solvent (k2) were estimated to be
      of the same order of magnitude as those determined for the model compounds. On
      the basis of our results, it is proposed that chemical exchange processes
      associated with base-catalyzed nitrogen inversion may contribute to 15N or 13C
      spin-lattice relaxation times in reductively methylated peptides or proteins.

PMID- 6430361
TI  - Quantitative determination of nitroglycerol in human plasma by gas chromatography
      negative ion mass spectrometry using 15N labelled nitroglycerol as internal
      standard.
AB  - Negative ionization resulted in the simplification of a previously published
      method. The new method permits the determination of 0.25 nmol l-1 nitroglycerol
      in plasma with a coefficient of variation of 9.1%.

PMID- 6430362
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of intramuscular gold sodium thiomalate in normal
      volunteers.
AB  - Four normal male volunteers participated in a study designed to examine the
      disposition of gold given intramuscularly as gold sodium thiomalate. Blood
      samples were collected for 32 days following the administration of 10 mg of gold
      sodium thiomalate. Plasma gold concentrations were determined by atomic
      absorption spectrometry. A triphasic decay pattern in plasma gold concentrations
      was observed. Terminal log-linear phases corresponded to a mean disposition half
      life of 25 days. Apparent total body clearance of gold was 7.0 +/- 0.6 ml kg-1
      day-1 and the apparent volume of distribution was 0.26 +/- 0.051 kg-1. These
      pharmacokinetic data are in contrast to previous data from other investigators
      who have reported half-lives of approximately 5 days. Data from the current study
      provide a sound rationale for the currently used empiric dosing regimens.

PMID- 6430363
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of valpromide in dogs after various modes of administration.
AB  - Valpromide-Dipropylacetamide was administered to five dogs via five modes: Three
      oral formulations (solution, capsule, and enteric-coated tablet), intravenous and
      intramuscular injections. No significant change in the terminal half-life of
      valpromide could be observed after the various modes of administration in each
      dog. Valpromide was more rapidly absorbed after the administration of an oral
      solution than after i.m. injection. Similar data also were obtained for its
      metabolite--valproic acid. It was shown that valpromide in the dogs was partly
      biotransformed to valproic acid. The average fraction of valpromide that was
      transformed to valproic acid (fm) ranged from 30-55 per cent after all the oral
      and parenteral administrations, except for the enteric-coated tablet, which
      showed a very low bioavailability of valpromide.

PMID- 6430364
TI  - [Effect of gamma-aminobutyric and gamma-hydroxybutyric acids on the arousal of
      susliks from hibernation].
AB  - Experiments on male red-cheeked sousliks were made to examine the effects of
      substances interfering with different stages of GABA shunt on the animals'
      awakening assessed from the times of formation of the orthostatic reflex, the
      time course of rectal temperature, and the moment of the occurrence of active
      movements. The substances reducing (thiosemicarbazide) GABA content and elevating
      it (amino-oxyacetic acid) in the cerebral tissue have no effect on the above
      indicated parameters of awakening. Meanwhile, p-dipropyl acetate (depakin)
      provokes a distinct dose-dependent increase in the time required for the recovery
      of the orthostatic reflex and transition to an active state. Sodium gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) produces an analogous but more pronounced action. Both
      the drugs exhibit this effect when given even in low doses, in which they do not
      inhibit the thermogenesis. This evidence combined with the reported data on high
      GHBA concentration in brown fat suggests that GHBA may play a specific role in
      the mechanisms of hibernation.

PMID- 6430365
TI  - Platelet metabolism during storage of platelet concentrates at 22 degrees C.
AB  - The development of methods for storing platelet concentrates (PCs) at 22 degrees
      C for transfusion has been predominantly empiric, with minimal knowledge of
      metabolic events occurring during storage. It is known that a decrease in pH due
      to accelerated production of lactic acid in hypoxic conditions is a major cause
      for loss of platelet viability. In the current studies, we have measured
      metabolic parameters such as O2 and glucose consumption rates and CO2 and lactic
      acid production rates. We have also determined the O2 and CO2 transport
      capacities of various containers and the buffering capacity of plasma. The O2
      consumption rate was 1.10 +/- 0.16 (SD) nmol/min/10(9) platelets. In well
      oxygenated systems, lactic acid formation was 1.74 +/- 0.12 nmol/min/mL PC for
      PCs with a platelet count of 1 to 2 X 10(9)/mL; and 0.52 mol of glucose was
      consumed per 1 mol lactic acid produced. In a completely oxygen-free system,
      lactic acid production increased 5-8-fold. These calculations suggest that 85% of
      energy generation is derived through oxidative metabolism and that glucose may
      not be the primary substrate for this metabolism. Bicarbonate concentration,
      initially 22.1 +/- 1.6 mEq/L, decreased 1.41 +/- 0.18 nEq/min/mL PC for PCs with
      counts 1 to 2 X 10(9) platelets/mL. The loss of bicarbonate was caused by
      displacement by lactic acid and as a consequence of spontaneous CO2 efflux from
      the container. CO2 production, 2.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/min/10(9) platelets, was derived
      from oxygen consumption and the CO2 liberated from bicarbonate as it was
      consumed. A rapid fall in pH to levels below 7.0 (22 degrees C) took place when
      the bicarbonate concentration fell below 5 mEq/L as lactate concentrations
      reached 20 to 25 mmol/L. A further increase in lactate concentration from 25
      mmol/L to 40 mmol/L correlated with a further fall in pH to 5.8. Thus, the
      ultimate storage life of a PC is determined by continuous lactate production and
      the fixed buffering capacity of plasma and by the glucose concentration of the
      PC. With knowledge of these parameters, methods for predicting pH as a function
      of time, platelet count, and O2 and CO2 transport capability of the container
      have been developed as guidelines for future work.

PMID- 6430366
TI  - The treatment of haemophilia A inhibitor with high dose intravenous
      immunoglobulin.
AB  - In patients with Haemophilia A, the development of inhibitor is a life
      threatening complication of treatment. These patients are at high risk for
      dangerous bleeding as a result of this acquired resistance to human Factor VIII
      concentrate. Although treatment of bleeding complications has been improved with
      the introduction of an activated prothrombin complex preparation, therapy remains
      unsatisfactory. Two patients with Haemophilia A inhibitor were treated with high
      dose intravenous immunoglobulin in the expectation of an immunosuppressive
      effect. A rise in the antibody titre at the same time as the administration of
      factor VIII concentrate showed that this treatment was ineffective in patients
      with Haemophilia A inhibitor.

PMID- 6430367
TI  - Haemophilia due to factor VIII inhibitors in a patient suffering from an
      autoimmune disease: treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. A case report.
AB  - This paper describes a case of haemophilia due to factor VIII inhibitors
      occurring in a 13-year-old boy suffering from an autoimmune disease. The patient
      had autoantibodies to factor VIII. The haemophilia was controlled by vincristine
      and steroids, but this regimen had to be discontinued because of side effects,
      whereupon the haemophilia recurred. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin
      (IgG i.v.) produced a slow rise in factor VIII, and the factor VIII inhibitors
      disappeared. Although factor VIII activity was raised for only a few months and
      factor VIII inhibitors reappeared, immunoglobulin treatment was continued and the
      patient remained free of clinical symptoms. The mechanism of action of treatment
      with IgG is discussed.

PMID- 6430368
TI  - Treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura with rhesus antibodies (anti
      Rh0(D).
AB  - There is evidence that blockade of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) by
      sequestration of autologous red blood cells (RBC) leads to an elevation of
      platelet counts in immune thrombocytopenia. To substantiate this hypothesis, 10
      Rh0(D)-positive adult patients (9 female, 1 male) with chronic autoimmune
      thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (1 to 21 years duration) were treated with low
      doses of intravenous IgG-anti-Rh0(D) (200 to 1,000 micrograms per dose; 300 to
      3,600 micrograms per course; administration within 1 to 5 days). All patients
      improved clinically as indicated by cessation of bleeding. In eight out of ten
      patients there was a rise in platelet count. Platelet increments were excellent
      (greater than 100 X 10(9)/l) in one, good (50-100 X 10(9)/l) in three, fair (20
      50 X 10(9)/1) in two and low (10-20 X 10(9)/1) in two patients. Splenectomized
      patients (N = 4) had a poorer response than non-splenectomized patients (N = 6)
      with mean increments of 16 X 10(9)/l (range 5-43 X 10(9)/l) versus 60 X 10(9)/l
      (range 10-110 X 10(9)/l). The increase in platelet counts persisted for seven to
      over 150 days. Transient and slight signs of haemolysis developed in seven out of
      ten patients (haemoglobin remained stable; increase of lactate dehydrogenase
      (greater than 250 IU/l) in four, decrease of haptoglobin (less than 60 mg/dl) in
      five patients). The direct antiglobulin test became positive in all cases due to
      IgG1 without complement fixation. We conclude that the interaction of antibody
      coated RBC with macrophages (and, probably, other means of RBC alteration) is a
      feasible therapeutic approach in selected cases of ITP and related conditions.

PMID- 6430369
TI  - In vitro characterization of commercial Factor VIII concentrates: long-term
      follow-up.
AB  - Fifty batches of Factor VIII concentrates from 12 producers were characterized in
      a long-term follow-up. The following parameters were measured: Factor VIII: C,
      Factor VIIIR: AG, Factor VIII: Rcof, specific activity (U Factor VIII: C/mg
      protein), fibrinogen, IgG, IgM, IgA, isoagglutinins, Hbs-AG, heparin-like
      activity, thrombin-like activity, antithrombin III, Factor VIII-stability at room
      temperature, and the rate of complete dissolution of the lyophilizate. In most
      preparations there was an unacceptable batch-to-batch variation of both Factor
      VIII complex and contaminating proteins, which exceeded the inter-assay
      coefficient of variation of the applied test systems. Nevertheless, different
      brands could be recognized by their typical protein pattern. The results obtained
      suggest that the standardization of Factor VIII concentrates of unknown
      composition is still accompanied by considerable risks.

PMID- 6430370
TI  - Prolactin levels and molecular heterogeneity in rat strains with high and low
      incidence of DMBA-induced mammary tumors.
AB  - We compared the following parameters in Long-Evans (LE) and Sprague-Dawley (SD)
      female rats: 1) mammary tumor incidence after DMBA, 2) plasma prolactin (PRL)
      during the estrous cycle before and after DMBA, 3) plasma PRL in immature females
      from 0900 hr on day 29 to 0900 hr on day 30, 4) plasma PRL from 1200 to 1700 hr
      and before and 10 min after i.p. TRH administration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats
      treated with 200 micrograms polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), 5) anterior pituitary
      (AP) PRL concentration in OVX rats treated with 200 micrograms PEP, and 6) levels
      and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration patterns of plasma PRL 10 min after i.p. TRH
      administration in OVX rats treated with 200 micrograms PEP. We observed marked
      mammary tumor incidence in SD rats from one supplier (S-SD, Spartan) (96%)
      compared to SD from another supplier (CR-SD, Charles River) (40%) or LE rats
      (10%). Plasma PRL was significantly decreased on metestrus-diestrus and increased
      on proestrus-estrus in SD (both suppliers) but not in LE rats 90 days after DMBA
      compared to rats not given DMBA and sacrificed at same stages of the estrous
      cycle on day 55 of age. Immature LE and SD-CR females exhibited significant late
      afternoon and early morning prolactin surges on days 29-30 whereas SD-H rats had
      either no surges or poorly synchronized surges at the same times.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430371
TI  - Oxalic acid enhancement of recoveries of organochlorine insecticides and
      polychlorobiphenyls in estuarine sediment using cyclic steam distillation.

PMID- 6430372
TI  - Mutagenic activity of the liquid waste from the production of acetonitrile.

PMID- 6430373
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis. Fetoscopy.
AB  - Since its introduction just over a decade ago, fetoscopy has become an effective
      procedure for the diagnosis of at least 50 congenital abnormalities. It can also
      be employed as an aid to therapeutic interventions in utero.

PMID- 6430374
TI  - Pharmacological studies into cyclo-oxygenase, lipoxygenase and phospholipase in
      smooth muscle contraction in the isolated trachea.
AB  - Indomethacin (1 microM) enhanced histamine-induced contractions in pig and guinea
      pig isolated tracheae. Mepacrine (30-50 microM) abolished this effect of
      indomethacin suggesting that contractile metabolites of arachidonate are involved
      in the response to indomethacin. Mepacrine (100 microM) in the absence of
      indomethacin also markedly reduced histamine-induced contractions (81.2%
      inhibition) in the pig trachea, without affecting responses to acetylcholine.
      Histamine-induced responses in the guinea-pig trachea were similarly reduced, but
      with a higher concentration of mepacrine (300 microM). BW755c (226 microM)
      enhanced histamine-induced contractions in some pig tracheal preparations and
      caused inhibition in others. These effects of BW755c were negatively correlated
      to the initial reactivity of the muscle to histamine such that weak contractions
      were potentiated and strong contractions were inhibited. A similar effect was
      seen with phenidone (100 microM). The results with BW755c and phenidone suggest
      that muscle reactivity (to histamine) may be partly determined by the balance
      between the release of inhibitory and contractile arachidonate metabolites.
      Mepacrine exerts a different effect indicating that histamine-induced
      contractions are regulated by a mepacrine-sensitive process which appears to be
      separate from the metabolism of arachidonate.

PMID- 6430375
TI  - The platelet-independent release of thromboxane A2 by Paf-acether from guinea-pig
      lungs involves mechanisms distinct from those for leukotriene.
AB  - Intra-arterial injections of platelet-activating factor (Paf-acether, 10-300 ng)
      to the perfused guinea-pig lung induced a dose-related bronchoconstriction,
      followed by contraction of the rat aorta superfused with the lung effluent,
      indicating the release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) activity. These effects were
      matched with injections of bradykinin (Bk) at 100-1000 ng, leukotriene C4(LTC4)
      at 10-300 ng or arachidonic acid (AA) at 30-300 micrograms. Repeated doses of Paf
      acether led to a specific desensitization of the release of TXA2, under
      conditions where Bk, LTC4 and arachidonic acid retained their ability to release
      TXA2. Bronchoconstriction and the release of TXA2 induced by Paf-acether were
      suppressed when the lungs were perfused with acetylsalicylic acid, but not with
      salicylic acid. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromophenacyl bromide
      suppressed the release of TXA2 by Bk, but did not interfere with its formation
      from AA, nor with its release with Paf-acether and LTC4. The lipoxygenase
      inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, inhibited to a similar extent the release
      of TXA2 by Bk, LTC4 and Paf-acether but also reduced directly the formation of
      TXA2 from arachidonic acid, invalidating its use as a specific antilipoxygenase
      agent. The leukotriene C4/D4 antagonist, FPL 55712, suppressed the TXA2 releasing
      effects of LTC4, and was completely inactive against Paf-acether, Bk or
      arachidonic acid. The aerosol of Paf-acether was tested in the anaesthetized
      guinea-pig and resulted in bronchoconstriction, unaccompanied by
      thrombocytopenia. Unlike bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous Paf-acether,
      which is refractory to cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, the effects of the aerosol
      were suppressed by aspirin. Platelet depletion, which blocks the intravenous
      effects of Paf-acether, failed to interfere with those of the aerosol. Paf
      acether induced a marked contraction of the superfused guinea-pig isolated
      parenchyma lung strip, which was followed by total and irreversible
      desensitization to itself. The contractile effect was not inhibited by aspirin or
      indomethacin, atropine, mepyramine, methysergide, phenoxybenzamine or
      propranolol, indicating that cyclo-oxygenase products, cholinergic stimuli,
      histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and catecholamine mechanisms are not involved. Our
      results indicate that Paf-acether interacts with pulmonary sites distinct from
      those for Bk, LTC4 or AA, since no cross-desensitization between Paf-acether and
      the other agonists was noted, p-bromophenacyl bromide inhibited Bk only and FPL
      55712 inhibited only LTC4. The phospholipase A2 involved with the release of the
      arachidonate needed for the formation of TXA2 by Paf-acether or LTC4-stimulated
      lungs may differ from the enzyme accounting for its formation by Bk. The cellular
      sites with which Paf-acether interacts may also be distinct and less readily
      accessible to p-bromophenacyl bromide.

PMID- 6430376
TI  - Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors antagonize indirectly evoked contractions of the
      guinea-pig isolated ileum by inhibiting acetylcholine release.
AB  - The effects of indomethacin, sodium meclofenamate and ketoprofen on the
      contractile responses of the guinea-pig isolated ileum to directly and indirectly
      evoked stimuli were investigated. The effects of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
      on acetylcholine (ACh) release from plexus containing longitudinal muscle strips
      were also studied. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors reduced contractile responses
      to transmural stimulation (TMS) and nicotine at concentrations which had no
      effect on ACh-induced contractions. In whole ileum preparations (WIP)
      indomethacin and ketoprofen (40 micrograms ml-1) reduced TMS responses by 17 +/-
      1.8% and 12 +/- 1.8% (n = 6), respectively (30 min incubation). In longitudinal
      muscle strips (LMS) in which Auerbach's plexus is exposed, indomethacin and
      ketoprofen (1 microgram ml-1) reduced TMS responses by 28 +/- 2.3% and 34 +/-
      2.7% (n = 6), respectively (10 min incubation). Thus the cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitors were up to 80 times more effective in LMS than in WIP. The drugs were
      similarly more effective in blocking nicotine contractions in LMS than in WIP.
      The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors reduced basal and stimulated ACh release from LMS.
      For example, indomethacin (1 microgram ml-1) reduced stimulated ACh release by
      35% after 10 min incubation. The percentage inhibition increased to 79% after 40
      min incubation (n = 6). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (0.1-2.5 ng ml-1) restored the
      contractile responses and ACh release depressed by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
      but not the contractile responses depressed by atropine. PGF2 alpha had no effect
      on mechanical responses or ACh release depressed by the cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitors. 6 It is concluded that the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors studied reduced
      responses to transmural stimulation and nicotine by inhibiting ACh release. The
      site of action is the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve. 7 It is suggested
      that the reason why previous investigators needed to use high doses of
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor in the ileum is because the action of the inhibitor is
      limited by diffusion barriers. There was no evidence to support the view that
      there is more than one pool of cyclo-oxygenase in guinea-pig gut.

PMID- 6430377
TI  - The control of 86Rb efflux from rat isolated pancreatic islets by the
      sulphonylureas tolbutamide and glibenclamide.
AB  - The efflux of 86Rb from rat isolated pancreatic islets preloaded with the isotope
      and perifused in vitro, has been used to monitor the effects of sulphonylureas on
      the potassium permeability, Pk, of pancreatic beta-cells. Tolbutamide (5 microM
      to 5 mM) had a dual effect, causing initially a decrease in 86Rb efflux (the 'on'
      response) which was rapidly superseded on drug removal by a large phasic increase
      in 86Rb efflux (the 'off' response). Each kinetic response had a different dose
      dependency: the 'on' response was half-maximal at tolbutamide concentrations of
      0.02 mM, maximal at 0.2 mM and decreased by concentrations greater than 0.2 mM
      whereas the 'off' response was half-maximal at 0.07 mM, maximal at 0.7 mM, with
      further increases in concentration (up to 5 mM) causing no further change in
      magnitude. Analysis of the time- and concentration-dependency of tolbutamide
      action, by presenting increasing concentrations (0 to 1.4 mM) of tolbutamide as a
      ramp or step function, established a critical dependence of the kinetics of 86Rb
      efflux during and after exposure to tolbutamide upon the initial rate of increase
      of the tolbutamide concentration rather than its final steady state. In the
      presence of quinine (10 microM), D600 (50 microM), or tetraethylammonium (20 mM),
      the secondary increase in 86Rb following tolbutamide (0.7 mM) removal was totally
      inhibited. Co2+ (2.56 mM) not only blocked the secondary 'off' response but also
      potentiated the initial 'on' response of tolbutamide. Glibenclamide produced a
      rapid decrease in 86Rb efflux but at a much lower concentration (10 microM) than
      tolbutamide and with no 'off' response apparent over a wide range of
      concentration (1 to 100 microM); moreover the decrease in 86Rb efflux was
      sustained and only slowly reversible. It is concluded that tolbutamide has two
      opposing actions on islet beta-cell 86Rb efflux, and therefore PK: (i) a tendency
      to increase a calcium-sensitive PK by stimulating calcium entry into the cell and
      (ii) a decrease in PK that may be due to a direct effect on the calcium-sensitive
      PK itself. The more sustained pharmacological action of glibenclamide is
      explained by the longer-lasting decrease in PK that it produces.

PMID- 6430378
TI  - Thyroxine-binding prealbumin--an index of disease activity or nutritional status
      in rheumatoid arthritis?
AB  - Thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) concentrations were measured in 54 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 50 control subjects. TBPA levels were
      significantly depressed in the RA patients, of whom 15 had values below the
      laboratory reference range. Although significant negative correlations were seen
      between TBPA and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and alpha
      1-antichymotrypsin measurements, TBPA levels showed little relationship to
      disease activity as assessed clinically. On the other hand, RA patients with
      reduced TBPA had an increased frequency of associated anthropometric and serum
      visceral protein abnormalities indicating nutritional impairment. TBPA is
      probably subjected to diverse stimuli in patients with RA and should not be
      considered to act as a 'pure' negative acute phase reactant.

PMID- 6430379
TI  - The effect of pre-operative glucose loading on postoperative nitrogen metabolism.
AB  - The nitrogen sparing effect of glucose loading at either 1 mg kg-1 min-1 or 5 mg
      kg-1 min-1 from the evening before surgery was compared with similar glucose
      infusions commenced after elective surgery. Thirty-two patients undergoing
      abdominal surgery of moderate severity were studied. Glucose at 5 mg kg-1 min-1
      reduced urea excretion compared with glucose at 1 mg kg-1 min-1. The timing of
      the carbohydrate infusion was not critical in altering the overall extent of the
      protein sparing at either rate. High dose glucose infusions markedly reduced
      overall urea and 3-methylhistidine excretion. This implies a reduction in protein
      breakdown. A pre-operative high dose infusion of glucose may in particular
      improve protein synthesis for the first 24 h after surgery.

PMID- 6430380
TI  - Gastrocutaneous fistula as a late complication of fast neutron therapy for
      carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 6430381
TI  - Nocturnal diarrhoea: a feature of giant duodenal diverticulum.

PMID- 6430382
TI  - Tomato skins penetrating the small bowel.

PMID- 6430383
TI  - Rationing health care.

PMID- 6430384
TI  - Low osmolar contrast media.

PMID- 6430385
TI  - Night and day.

PMID- 6430386
TI  - Metabolic consequences of bilateral nephrectomy.

PMID- 6430387
TI  - Delayed psychological effects of perinatal deaths: the next pregnancy and the
      next generation.

PMID- 6430388
TI  - Diminished bronchial reactivity to cold air in diabetic patients with autonomic
      neuropathy.
AB  - To investigate the role of neural pathways in the nonasthmatic response to
      eucapnic hyperventilation with below freezing air five diabetic patients with
      severe symptomatic autonomic neuropathy were studied. Their responses were
      compared with those shown by five diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy
      and five non-diabetic controls. After bronchial provocation testing with cold air
      the diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy did not show a significant fall
      in specific airways conductance (mean (SE) maximum percentage fall 2.0 (3)%),
      whereas conductance fell in the diabetic patients without neuropathy by 30.8
      (2.0)% (p less than 0.001) and in the non-diabetic controls by 22.7 (4.6)% (p
      less than 0.02). In subjects who do not have asthma the bronchial response to
      cold air is mediated largely via neural mechanisms.

PMID- 6430389
TI  - Anti-Jo-1 antibody: a marker for myositis with interstitial lung disease.
AB  - An autoantibody known as anti-Jo-1 antibody is found in 25% of patients with
      myositis. Its prevalence in patients with both myositis and cryptogenic fibrosing
      alveolitis was 68% (13 out of 19 patients), compared with 7.5% in patients with
      myositis alone (four of 53) and 3% in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing
      alveolitis alone (two of 62). Anti-Jo-1 antibody may be useful in indicating
      patients with myositis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Raynaud's
      phenomenon, the sicca syndrome, and mild arthritis are also often part of the
      syndrome.

PMID- 6430390
TI  - Pilot study of combination treatment for gall stones with medium dose
      chenodeoxycholic acid and a terpene preparation.
AB  - Thirty patients with radiolucent stones in a radiologically functioning gall
      bladder were treated for up to two years with a combination of Rowachol (one
      capsule twice daily), a mixture of cyclic monoterpenes, and chenodeoxycholic acid
      (7.0-10.5 mg/kg/day). The patients were not selected for body weight or size of
      stones. All complete dissolutions diagnosed by oral cholecystography were
      confirmed or refuted by ultrasound examination. Control of symptoms was
      excellent, only one patient withdrawing from the study because of persistent
      biliary pain. No evidence of hepatotoxicity was detected biochemically, and
      diarrhoea due to chenodeoxycholic acid was minimal at this dose. Stones
      disappeared completely in 11 patients (37%) within one year and in 15 (50%)
      within two years. These results compared favourably with those obtained with
      similar doses of chenodeoxycholic acid alone, in particular those of the National
      Co-operative Gallstone Study (complete dissolution in 13.5% of patients at two
      years). Treatment with a combination of medium dose chenodeoxycholic acid with
      Rowachol for radiolucent gall stones is economical, effective, and likely to
      minimise persistent symptoms and adverse effects of treatment.

PMID- 6430391
TI  - Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.
AB  - One hundred and sixty nine patients admitted to hospital for stroke over 30
      months were examined to see whether treating hypertension had influenced the
      incidence of cerebral haemorrhage and infarction. Seventy eight (46%) of them had
      normal blood pressure, 47 (28%) previously diagnosed hypertension for which they
      were receiving treatment, and 44 (26%) previously undiagnosed and untreated
      hypertension. Haemorrhagic stroke was commoner among patients with untreated
      hypertension, whereas infarction was commoner in patients with treated
      hypertension. Infarction and haemorrhage were equally prevalent in patients with
      normal blood pressure. Effective treatment in this population seemed to have had
      a substantially different impact on vascular disease, giving rise to cerebral
      haemorrhage as opposed to infarction. This is consistent with evidence from other
      studies that treatment for hypertension has little or no effect on the
      progression of atheroma.

PMID- 6430392
TI  - Campylobacter infection mimicking Crohn's disease in an immuno-deficient patient.

PMID- 6430393
TI  - Skull radiography in epilepsy, dementia, and non-specific neurological symptoms.

PMID- 6430394
TI  - Spontaneous separation of fused labia minora in prepubertal girls.

PMID- 6430395
TI  - Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in falciparum malaria?

PMID- 6430396
TI  - Research in general practice. A minority interest: why?

PMID- 6430397
TI  - General practitioner attendance at emergencies notified to ambulance control.
AB  - For two years doctors from a small village went to the scene of emergency calls
      received by ambulance control. On 80% of the occasions when the doctor was called
      at the same time as the ambulance was dispatched the doctor arrived before the
      ambulance. There were 24 incidents, 16 of which were road traffic accidents. In
      two cases the doctor established a clear airway in an unconscious patient before
      the ambulance arrived. Two patients were trapped in their vehicles and were given
      parenteral analgesics. Four patients required intravenous fluids. The call out
      system provided first aid for patients before the ambulance arrived and medical
      assistance to the emergency services at serious accidents. Patients who did not
      require hospital attention could be examined and treated at the scene, making the
      ambulance available for other duties and reducing the number of patients taken to
      the hospital accident and emergency department.

PMID- 6430398
TI  - Handling of death in special care nurseries and parental grief.
AB  - The handling of death in a special care nursery and the needs of bereaved parents
      were studied in 12 families. Communication was good before death but less
      satisfactory thereafter, particularly with regard to postmortem results and
      advice concerning recurrence risk. Parents needed a lasting memory of their child
      and attached great importance to a tangible memento. Half had an abnormally high
      grief and Leeds scale score six months after the death, which seemed to be
      associated with poor marital support. All in the high scoring group favoured
      bereavement counselling. Communication with general practitioners needed
      improvement. As a result of this study a protocol for the handling of death was
      designed.

PMID- 6430399
TI  - Can nocturnal emergency surgery be reduced?
AB  - A prospective study of emergency operations was performed over three months in a
      district general hospital. Before starting surgery surgeons completed a
      questionnaire recording clinical details together with time of admission and were
      asked to state whether in their opinion the case could be safely deferred until
      the next morning assuming operating time was available. Of 251 operations
      performed, forms were completed for 244. According to the surgeons, 62 could have
      been safely deferred, and subsequent independent analysis indicated a further 24
      could also have been safely postponed, giving a total of 86 cases (35%). Of the
      remainder, 71 were started between 2300 and 0900, and of these 51 (71%) were
      major operations requiring an experienced surgeon. The results suggest that,
      although the volume of nocturnal major surgery could not be reduced, the
      introduction of a daily emergency theatre session for cases seen during the day
      and those which could be deferred from the previous night would appreciably
      reduce the overall workload of nocturnal surgery at present done by the resident
      junior staff. This study will have important implications if, as has been
      suggested, the number of junior medical staff on call at night for emergencies is
      reduced.

PMID- 6430400
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Diagnosis.

PMID- 6430401
TI  - Australian doctors on strike.

PMID- 6430402
TI  - Atypical falciparum malaria: case report.

PMID- 6430403
TI  - Hazards of ultrasound.

PMID- 6430404
TI  - The importance of pH and blood gas monitoring after overdoses of tricyclic
      antidepressants.

PMID- 6430405
TI  - Asthma in children.

PMID- 6430406
TI  - Deaths from asthma.

PMID- 6430407
TI  - Letters from hospitals to general practitioners.

PMID- 6430408
TI  - Paraneoplastic phenomena.

PMID- 6430409
TI  - Professional advice to the National Health Service--the medium or the message?

PMID- 6430410
TI  - A welcome report.

PMID- 6430411
TI  - Ascites.

PMID- 6430412
TI  - Atrial natriuretic factor: a new hormone?

PMID- 6430413
TI  - Doctors' attitudes to risk in difficult clinical decisions: application of
      decision analysis in hepatobiliary disease.
AB  - Twelve doctors with special training in hepatology independently reviewed two to
      five cases each from a group of seven cases of complicated hepatobiliary
      problems. A doctor's willingness to take risks to improve his patients' health
      was quantified by a wagering technique based on the probability of achieving a
      successful intervention. These probabilities were then used to calculate
      "utilities," which represented the average opinion of the doctors about the
      relative worth of each of six predefined states of health. The results showed
      that, in the context of risky decisions for severely ill patients, a year of life
      was considered by the doctors to be worth 44% of a full recovery; being mobile
      for that year increased this value to 57%. Survival for up to five years with
      restricted mobility was considered to be worth 70% of a full recovery and the
      ability to work during that period increased this value to 85%. It is concluded
      that in clinical decision making the uncertainty and preferences implicit in a
      course of action can be quantified and thus made explicit.

PMID- 6430414
TI  - Prevention of progression of coronary atherosclerosis by treatment of
      hyperlipidaemia: a seven year prospective angiographic study.
AB  - The progression of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by repeat angiography in
      28 patients and 20 controls with hyperlipidaemia (serum cholesterol concentration
      greater than 7.2 mmol/l (278 mg/100 ml) or serum triglyceride concentration
      greater than 2.0 mmol/l (177 mg/100 ml), or both) and symptomatic coronary artery
      disease of two or three vessels. Twenty eight patients (26 men and two women)
      were treated with diet and drugs (clofibrate or nicotinic acid, or both) to lower
      lipid concentrations. Twenty men taking part in a simultaneous study served as
      non-randomised controls. They received medical treatment for coronary artery
      disease but no treatment to reduce lipid concentrations. The initial levels of
      coronary risk factors and the angiographic state were comparable in the two
      groups. In the 28 patients total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were reduced by an average 18%, 38%, and
      19% respectively by treatment for hyperlipidaemia and high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol concentration was increased on average by 10%. The treatment
      maintained these concentrations during a follow up of seven years. By all
      criteria coronary lesions progressed significantly less in the patients than the
      controls: the angiographic state remained completely unchanged in nine (32%) of
      the patients compared with only one (8%) of the surviving controls; of the
      arterial segments at risk, 46 (16.5%) progressed in the patients compared with 50
      (38.2%) in the controls (p less than 0.001); and the coronary obstruction
      increased less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.05). Cardiac survival
      was 89% in seven years in the patients compared with 65% in five years in the
      controls (p less than 0.01). The anginal symptoms diminished or remained stable
      in 16 of the 24 patients who survived until the end of the study. The progression
      of coronary atheromatosis was significantly greater in those patients who during
      the seven years of treatment had an average total cholesterol concentration, VLDL
      plus LDL cholesterol concentration, or ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol
      concentration above the respective median value than in those with the
      corresponding values below median. On the other hand, the patients with HDL
      cholesterol concentrations above the median during treatment showed less
      progression than those with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations. The increase in
      coronary obstruction was inversely related to the average HDL cholesterol
      concentration during treatment. The progression was not, however, related to LDL
      cholesterol concentration during treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6430415
TI  - Deaths and paradoxes after intentional insulin overdosage.

PMID- 6430416
TI  - A hepatitis like picture in typhoid fever.

PMID- 6430417
TI  - Inadvertent self administration of superglue: a consumer hazard.

PMID- 6430418
TI  - Area variations in the process of care in urban general practice.
AB  - One hundred and eighty three practitioners collected data on 110 000
      consultations. Case mix and pattern of care are compared for doctors practising
      in different urban areas. Inner city areas are compared with outer areas and the
      most deprived with the most affluent. Case mix varies slightly between areas, but
      there are no systematic differences in the pattern of care, which is equally
      variable in different areas. The stereotype of inner city general practice is not
      confirmed.

PMID- 6430419
TI  - Seasonal variation and time trends of deaths from asthma in England and Wales
      1960-82.
AB  - Monthly trends in deaths attributed to asthma in the 5-34 year age group were
      examined for England and Wales over the period 1960-82. Deaths were most frequent
      in the third quarter (July to September) and peaked in August. Analysis of the
      1970-82 period showed that this variation was present in the three constituent
      age groups 5-14, 15-24, and 25-34 but was most pronounced in the 5-14 year olds.

PMID- 6430420
TI  - Seasonal variation and time trends in childhood asthma in England and Wales 1975
      81.
AB  - In England and Wales hospital admissions for childhood asthma almost trebled over
      the period 1975-81. This may have reflected a true increase in the incidence of
      acute asthma, a swing from primary to hospital care, or both. The trend was not
      due to a change in diagnostic fashion. Monthly admissions showed a pronounced
      seasonal variation with fewest admissions in winter, rising in spring and early
      summer to peak in the autumn. A deep admission trough was present in August. The
      monthly admission profile was very similar throughout England and Wales,
      suggesting that major "trigger" factors were responsible.

PMID- 6430421
TI  - The Warnock Committee.

PMID- 6430422
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Non-poisons.

PMID- 6430423
TI  - Writing a thesis on a word processor.

PMID- 6430424
TI  - Treatment of oesophageal cancer.

PMID- 6430426
TI  - Uterine prolapse and urinary tract obstruction.

PMID- 6430425
TI  - Video as a teaching aid.

PMID- 6430427
TI  - The doctor and the child with learning problems.

PMID- 6430428
TI  - Paunches and the prediction of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6430429
TI  - Autoimmune thyroid disease and pregnancy.

PMID- 6430430
TI  - Meningococcal septicaemia treated with combined plasmapheresis and leucapheresis
      or with blood exchange.

PMID- 6430431
TI  - The dangers of drycleaning.

PMID- 6430432
TI  - Are there lessons from abroad for the NHS?

PMID- 6430433
TI  - Screening for scoliosis.

PMID- 6430434
TI  - Acute self limited colitis.

PMID- 6430435
TI  - Surgical waiting lists.

PMID- 6430436
TI  - Effective treatment of Wilson's disease with oral zinc sulphate: two case
      reports.
AB  - Most patients with Wilson's disease are treated with the potentially toxic
      cupriuretic agent penicillamine. The toxicity of zinc taken by mouth is low, and
      long term administration induces a negative copper balance. Two patients with
      severe neurological symptoms were given zinc sulphate by mouth three times daily
      in doses of 200 mg, later increased to 300 mg. One patient, a 21 year old man,
      started to receive zinc sulphate after his condition had deteriorated during
      treatment with cupriuretic drugs. The other, a 27 year old woman, was treated
      from the start with zinc sulphate. The conditions of both patients improved
      appreciably, and they were still receiving treatment with zinc sulphate roughly
      two years later. Effective depletion of body copper stores was shown by an
      intravenous radiocopper loading test and liver biopsy. No side effects were
      found. Wilson's disease may effectively be treated with zinc sulphate alone.

PMID- 6430437
TI  - Observations on the mechanism of hypoxaemia in acute minor pulmonary embolism.
AB  - An automated computer analysis of ventilation-perfusion lung scans was used to
      derive graphical data from lung scans of 11 patients with acute minor pulmonary
      embolism, free of pre-existing cardiorespiratory disease, and with no evidence of
      intrapulmonary complication or pleural effusion. In each case the analysis showed
      the presence of areas of lung, remote from those affected by the pulmonary
      embolism, that had a pathological disturbance of ventilation-perfusion matching
      with relative overperfusion. Such a disturbance would cause hypoxaemia. When the
      extent of the mismatching was calculated in terms of relative blood flow and
      alveolar ventilation it correlated well with the degree of arterial hypoxaemia.
      It is proposed that in acute minor pulmonary embolism the development of
      ventilation-perfusion mismatching in areas of lung unaffected by the embolic
      event may be an important mechanism of hypoxaemia.

PMID- 6430438
TI  - The family history of uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus: an epidemiological
      study based on 270 probands.
AB  - A longitudinal study was carried out on the family history of 270 babies with
      uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus. They had 453 siblings of whom five
      (11.1/1000) had congenital hydrocephalus and nine (19.9/1000) neural tube
      defects. These data, together with those obtained from previously published
      reports indicate that the aetiology of the two conditions is probably the same in
      many cases, although there are unusual exceptions in special families even apart
      from those with the sex linked, recessively inherited hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6430439
TI  - Comparison of reliability of tests to distinguish upper from lower urinary tract
      infection.
AB  - The results of scintiphotography with gallium-67 (67Ga), renography with
      technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid, immunofluorescence of
      antibody coated bacteria, and determination of renal beta 2 microglobulin
      excretion were compared in 19 patients with upper and 15 patients with lower
      urinary tract infection. All patients with acute pyelonephritis showed an
      appreciable unilateral or bilateral uptake of 67Ga and an increased excretion of
      beta 2 microglobulin, whereas immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria
      yielded positive results in only 10. In patients with lower urinary tract
      infections excretion of beta 2 microglobulin and uptake of 67Ga were always
      normal, whereas immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria was positive in
      three cases. Scintiphotography with 67Ga and determination of renal beta 2
      microglobulin excretion are currently the most reliable non-invasive methods of
      detecting acute pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6430440
TI  - Role of glucocorticoids in management of malignant hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 6430441
TI  - Tamoxifen and liver damage.

PMID- 6430442
TI  - Severe peripheral ischaemia during concomitant use of beta blockers and ergot
      alkaloids.

PMID- 6430443
TI  - Metformin and glibenclamide: comparative risks.

PMID- 6430444
TI  - Vocational training for general practitioners: I.

PMID- 6430445
TI  - Measles in the Southern Health Board--implications for resources.
AB  - During a recent epidemic of measles in the Southern Health and Social Services
      Board in Northern Ireland it became apparent that the level of notifications of
      measles by general practitioners did not reflect the true incidence of the
      disease at that time. In trying to establish a more accurate measure of the
      incidence of measles it became clear that much money and manpower had been used
      to treat this outbreak. We tried to cost a defined period covering 1 January to
      30 June 1983 to draw attention to the possible benefits of a more effective
      measles vaccination programme in preventing disease and saving resources. The
      implications of our present poor rate of vaccination were measured for hospital
      services, primary medical care services, and related consequences. The costs for
      the defined period were approximately pounds 175 931, and if the outcome had been
      worse in a few cases it might have been as high as pounds 1 375 931.

PMID- 6430446
TI  - GPs and their staff. Rights of the expectant mother: legal labyrinth.

PMID- 6430447
TI  - Urinary tract infection in children.
AB  - During 1968-77, 572 consecutive children with one or more positive urine cultures
      who were referred by their family doctors to one paediatric surgical outpatient
      clinic were investigated and prospectively recorded. An abnormality requiring
      treatment was found in 45%. The yield of positive findings and need for operation
      were greater in those referred after one infection than in those with recurrent
      infection. Among those under 2 years old 90% had an abnormality. One third of
      children with vesicoureteric reflux showed renal scarring at the time of first
      attendance. The results of medical and surgical treatment over five to 15 years
      of follow up were analysed. They emphasised the importance of culturing the urine
      whenever there may be urinary infection in a child and of investigating
      immediately those with a positive urine culture.

PMID- 6430448
TI  - Unrecognised femoral fractures in patients with paraplegia due to multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 6430449
TI  - What price psychotherapy?

PMID- 6430450
TI  - Is routine episiotomy necessary?

PMID- 6430451
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6430452
TI  - Britain's failure to prevent deaths from cervical cancer.

PMID- 6430453
TI  - The rattled CSM should think again.

PMID- 6430454
TI  - Late failure of vasectomy.

PMID- 6430456
TI  - The Wormwood Scrubs Annexe.

PMID- 6430455
TI  - Management of obstructed balloon catheters.

PMID- 6430457
TI  - Women in prison.

PMID- 6430458
TI  - Evaluation of general practice records.

PMID- 6430459
TI  - Modifying risk of lung cancer by changing smoking habits.

PMID- 6430460
TI  - What should a doctor tell?

PMID- 6430461
TI  - Perspectives in NHS management. Issues in nursing management.

PMID- 6430462
TI  - Analysis of immune responses in genital tracts of mice immunised with purified
      ribosomal fractions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Immunisation of ddY mice with the purified ribosomal fraction of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae was found to protect against intravaginal challenge with homologous
      organisms. This protection correlated with the presence of bactericidal antibody
      to purified ribosomal fraction in serum as well as in vaginal secretions.
      Analysis of the vaginal fluids from control mice and those immunised with
      purified ribosomal fraction showed that the enhanced elimination of gonococci in
      immune mice might be because of an early response of leucocytes generated by the
      reaction mediated by antibody and complement. Absorption studies showed that
      there was at least one major protective antigen in purified ribosomal fraction,
      other than cell surface substances such as lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane
      proteins, and pili. Bactericidal assays mediated by antibody and complement
      showed that matched samples of serum and vaginal fluid from immune mice had
      comparable gonococcidal activity, which was augmented by the effect of
      progesterone. Although delayed hypersensitivity was produced in immune mice that
      were resistant to N gonorrhoeae, the exact role of cellular immunity could not be
      clarified in this study. These results suggest that antibody to purified
      ribosomal fraction plays a major part in protection against gonococcal infection
      in the genital tract, and that such protection may entail both cellular immunity
      and hormonal changes.

PMID- 6430463
TI  - Penicillin sensitivity of gonococci in Australia: development of Australian
      gonococcal surveillance programme. Members of the Australian Gonococcal
      Surveillance Programme.
AB  - We describe the development of the Australian gonococcal surveillance programme
      from February 1979 to July 1982. Participants in the programme were the major
      public health laboratories in each state, which perform quantitative sensitivity
      tests on about 5400 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae yearly. Participating
      laboratories conducted sensitivity tests by a standardised technique which is
      described, and the results from each centre were collated quarterly. Temporal and
      regional differences in gonococcal sensitivity patterns were noted and, in the
      twelve months ending June 1982, there was a trend towards a decrease in gonococci
      sensitive to penicillin. Increasing numbers of penicillinase producing gonococci
      were found, and the isolation rates of these strains varied in different regions
      at different times.

PMID- 6430464
TI  - Cefoperazone (Cefobid) for treating men with gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase
      producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The recent emergence of spectinomycin resistant penicillinase producing Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and the high prevalence of PPNG strains among the gonococcal
      isolates in Seoul represent a grave challenge to the programme for controlling
      sexually transmitted disease (STD). Fifty men with uncomplicated gonococcal
      urethritis caused by PPNG strains were treated with a single intramuscular
      injection of 1 g cefoperazone. Forty two patients were followed up. All patients
      recovered including three who became reinfected and required further treatment.
      Two patients (4.8%) developed postgonococcal urethritis (PGU). The MIC90 of
      cefoperazone measured by an agar dilution susceptibility test was 0.12 mg/l.

PMID- 6430465
TI  - Profiles of right hemisphere language and speech following brain bisection.
AB  - A variety of language tasks were administered to two patients who had undergone
      staged callosal section in an effort to control otherwise intractable epilepsy.
      Right hemisphere lexical capacity varied and preliminary results suggest that the
      case displaying greater semantic power also possessed some syntactic competence.
      This same case (V.P.) was also capable of expressive language from the right
      hemisphere. This rare capacity allowed for fresh observations on the dynamic
      interactions of conscious control that occur in this kind of patient.

PMID- 6430466
TI  - Neuroleptic-like disruption of the conditioned avoidance response requires
      destruction of both the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine systems.
AB  - An examination of the ability to learn an active avoidance response was made in
      rats subjected to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the individual terminal
      areas of the midbrain dopamine (DA) system or a lesion to all these terminal
      regions in one group. Lesions were made by infusing 8 micrograms (base) of 6-OHDA
      in 2 microliter of vehicle into the following forebrain regions (each region
      representing a separate group of rats); frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, corpus
      striatum and a double lesion of nucleus accumbens and corpus striatum. A separate
      group of rats received a smaller 6-OHDA lesion of the ventral substantia nigra.
      Only those rats with the combined double lesion of both the nucleus accumbens and
      corpus striatum (90% total depletion of dopamine) showed a severe deficit in
      acquisition of active avoidance. However, the rats with the separate 6-OHDA
      lesions to the mesolimbic or nigrostriatal DA systems did show the appropriate
      blockade of the amphetamine-induced locomotion or stereotyped behavior,
      respectively. In contrast, the rats with the double lesion showed no response to
      a low or high dose of amphetamine, remained cataleptic for the duration of the
      experiment but rapidly recovered from transient aphagia and adipsia (less than 10
      days post lesion). Results suggest that a severe deficit in acquisition of an
      active avoidance response, similar to that observed with high doses of
      neuroleptics, requires destruction of all of the dopamine innervation of nucleus
      accumbens and corpus striatum. Results also suggest that both the mesolimbic and
      nigrostriatal dopamine systems act in concert to produce response enabling to
      important environmental events, and that the severe response enabling deficits
      observed in Parkinson's disease involves not only degeneration of the
      nigrostriatal dopamine system, but of the mesolimbic dopamine system as well.

PMID- 6430467
TI  - Additional evidence that the suprachiasmatic nucleus is the center for regulation
      of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
AB  - The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in photoperiod-dependent
      hyperglycemia due to D-mannitol (MA) and D-glucose (GL) was investigated using
      SCN-lesioned rats. In control rats, intracranial injection of MA and GL caused
      hyperglycemia only in the light period and dark period, respectively. In SCN
      lesioned rats, administration of MA and GL caused no change in plasma glucose
      level, irrespective of the lighting condition. SCN-lesioned rats have higher
      plasma insulin levels than sham-operated rats through this experiment. From these
      findings, we propose that the SCN is involved in a glucose homeostasis and
      regulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 6430468
TI  - Differential binding of antibodies against the neurofilament triplet proteins in
      different avian neurons.
AB  - Using monospecific antisera against each of the three chicken neurofilament (NF)
      proteins, NF70, NF160 and NF180, the distribution of each of these proteins in
      several types of neurons was examined by immunohistochemistry. Striking
      differences were observed in the relative staining by the three antibodies when
      the soma of different types of neurons were compared, and also when the soma of
      some neurons were compared with their axons. Both the soma and axons of dorsal
      root sensory neurons were brightly stained by each of the antisera. The soma of
      spinal cord ventral horn neurons, however, were stained only by A-NF70 and A
      NF180, not by A-NF160. The axons of these neurons were uniformly stained by A
      NF70 and A-NF180, while only gradually becoming NF160-positive over the first
      several hundred microns. The lack of staining by A-NF160 was also observed in
      many neuronal soma in cultures of dissociated spinal cord cells. The soma and
      dendrites of adult cerebellar Purkinje cells were weakly stained by A-NF70 and A
      NF180 and not at all by A-NF160, but both A-NF70 and A-NF180 yielded prominent
      staining of immature Purkinje cells and dendrites. These results suggest that the
      three NF proteins may be unequally distributed within the soma and processes of
      different types of neurons and/or may be subject to regionally selective
      modification.

PMID- 6430469
TI  - Modulation of sensitivity to cervicovaginal stimulation during the estrous cycle:
      evidence for an extrapituitary action of LH-RH.
AB  - Single stimulations of the vagina and cervix were performed between proestrus and
      the first day of diestrus with a stimulator designed to grade the intravaginal
      penetration of a rod. The percent incidence of pseudopregnancy after this
      stimulation was exponentially related to the extent of intravaginal penetration
      and was also affected by the stage of the cycle at which the stimulation was
      performed. At 10.00 h on proestrus, an exponential increase in the incidence of
      pseudopregnancy was observed with shallow penetrations, while an exponential
      decrease was found when deeper penetrations were applied. Such negative
      exponential correlation had disappeared at 22.00 h on proestrus. At that time,
      also, some responses were elicited by very shallow penetrations (17 mm) and all
      the animals responded to penetrations of 20 mm or more. Sensitivity to
      cervicovaginal stimulation at 10.00 h on estrus was lower than that at 22.00 h on
      proestrus and it was even lower at 10.00 h on the first day of diestrus. The
      response to 18 mm of penetration was studied every 3 h between 10.00 h on
      proestrus and 10.00 h on estrus, and then every 12 h until 10.00 h on the first
      day of diestrus. This stimulation was usually ineffective to induce
      pseudopregnancy, except for a brief period encompassing the night between
      proestrus and estrus, when a peak in the incidence of responses was reached. This
      peak sensitivity could be advanced following the s.c. administration of 250 and
      500 ng of LH-RH at 11.00 h on proestrus. Other doses were ineffective. The
      peptide (500 ng) was unable to induce pseudopregnancy in rats that received no
      cervicovaginal stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430470
TI  - Olivocerebellar projections to paramedian lobule in tree shrew (Tupaia glis): a
      horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a retrograde tracer to identify the
      distribution pattern of labeled cells in the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) of
      Tupaia. Crystallized HRP was implanted into dorsal (DPML) and ventral (VPML)
      divisions of the paramedian lobule (PML) and, following appropriate survival
      times, the tissues were processed using diaminobenzidine and tetramethylbenzidine
      as chromogens. Subsequent to implants into lateral DPML and VPML, HRP-labeling is
      seen in rostral subgroup a of the medial accessory olive (MAO) and in the medial
      part of the dorsal accessory olive (DAOm) and ventral lamellae of the principal
      olive (VLPO) close to their rostral poles. The lateral bend and adjacent dorsal
      lamella of the principal olive and rostral subgroup c of MAO also contain HRP
      reactive somata following lateral DPML implants. Subsequent to implants in
      central DPML, labeling is seen in rostral DAOm and subgroup a of MAO. Central
      VPML implants result in additional clusters of labeled cells in VLPO, the lateral
      bend of the principal olive (PO), and subgroup c of MAO. Following implants of
      HRP into medial PML reactive somata are found in dorsomedial VLPO and DLPO, and
      clusters of labeled cells are present in caudal subgroup a of MAO and DAOm. In
      contrast to implants in central and lateral PML, rostral DAOm and PO are devoid
      of reactive neurons. These results show that olivocerebellar projections to PML
      of Tupaia are exclusively contralateral and topographically organized.
      Collectively these olivocerebellar data corroborate the existence of zones C1,
      C2, C3 and D in PML of Tupaia and show that their patterns are similar, in their
      essential features, to those seen in the corticonuclear pathway in this species.

PMID- 6430471
TI  - Decreased levels of brain cyclo-oxygenase products as a possible cause of
      increased seizure susceptibility in convulsion-prone gerbils.
AB  - Basal levels of 5 cerebral prostanoids (PGD2, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      and thromboxane/TX/B2) were measured radioimmunologically in normal and
      convulsion-prone gerbils. Significantly less PGD2,PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was
      found in the brain of seizure-sensitive animals. After treatment with
      indomethacin, which reduced the amount of brain cyclo-oxygenase products, also
      normal gerbils exhibited convulsions following environmental stress. The results
      are in accordance with the hypothesis that endogenous prostanoids play a role in
      the regulation of seizure susceptibility.

PMID- 6430472
TI  - [The OLA major histocompatibility complex of sheep. Genetic frequencies compared
      in Prelpe sheep with and without scrapie].
AB  - The OLA genic frequencies were studied in both normal "Prealpe" Sheep and those
      affected with Scrapie. In the non-affected Sheep of contaminated flocks,
      frequencies were generally decreased, compared with frequencies of the same
      factors in sick Sheep or in non-infected controls. Three OLA-A genes
      significantly decreased; at this locus, results in "Prealpe" and "Ile-de-France"
      Sheep were inversed. This observation excludes OLA genes being involved in
      pathogeny or resistance to the disease, but suggests the existence of a linkage
      between the OLA loci and at least one resistance or susceptibility locus.

PMID- 6430473
TI  - [A new specificity for anti-DNA antibodies].
AB  - A monoclonal antibody directed against double stranded DNA obtained by fusion
      between myeloma cells and spleen cells from auto-immune B/W Mice, binds to
      protein(s) at the plasma membrane of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines Raji.

PMID- 6430474
TI  - The hospice movement: an oncologist's viewpoint.
AB  - In this broad survey, we have touched on the recent creation of special
      facilities for patients with advanced cancer and their relevance to the overall
      program of cancer control. Also discussed were a number of ethical dilemmas
      arising from our efforts to provide improved care for the social and emotional
      problems afflicting our patients. When all is said and done, however, all our
      efforts are designed to alleviate human suffering. There may not be such a large
      gap between basic cancer research, medical oncology, and the hospice movement as
      has sometimes been perceived.

PMID- 6430475
TI  - Dilemmas of hospice: a critical look at its problems.

PMID- 6430476
TI  - Cancer patients' attitudes toward hospice services.

PMID- 6430477
TI  - Hospice: what it is not.

PMID- 6430478
TI  - The pivotal role of the nurse in hospice care.

PMID- 6430479
TI  - A tribute to Henry S. Kaplan, M.D.

PMID- 6430480
TI  - Henry Seymour Kaplan, M.D. (1918-1984), Maureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor,
      Department of Radiology. Director, Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Stanford
      University.

PMID- 6430481
TI  - The benefits of estrogen to the menopausal woman outweigh the risks of developing
      endometrial cancer.

PMID- 6430482
TI  - The benefits of estrogen to the menopausal woman outweigh the risks of developing
      endometrial cancer.
AB  - According to animal, human, and laboratory data, the major, life-threatening
      risks to the woman from exogenous estrogens are neoplastic and cardiovascular.
      These risks are, to some extent, related to dose, duration of therapy, and
      certain predisposing individual factors. Except for endometrial carcinoma, the
      risks have not been adequately studied and are therefore not defined. Because of
      their potential magnitude collectively, no intelligent assessment of the risk
      benefit ratios can be can be carried out until the effect, if any, on the
      susceptibility for breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and cardiovascular
      disease is determined.

PMID- 6430483
TI  - Unproven methods of cancer management. Immuno-augmentative therapy.

PMID- 6430484
TI  - Correction. The statistics on circumcision and penile cancer.

PMID- 6430485
TI  - Cancer and pregnancy.

PMID- 6430486
TI  - [Studies on the etiology of summer infant gastroenteritis].

PMID- 6430487
TI  - [Partial serial duplication of the short arm of human chromosome 3].

PMID- 6430488
TI  - [Applied anatomy of the preserved spleen segment].

PMID- 6430489
TI  - [Clinical X-ray study of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6430490
TI  - [Eight parameters of ventilatory function in evaluating the therapeutic effects
      of bronchodilators].

PMID- 6430491
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on the antigenicity of glutaraldehyde-treated
      porcine aortic valves].

PMID- 6430492
TI  - [Clinical observations on C3 and CH50 in the serum of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6430493
TI  - [Hyperallergic reactions induced by intradermal test of lung fluke antigen].

PMID- 6430495
TI  - [Chi-squared test].

PMID- 6430494
TI  - [Brain death and organ transplantation].

PMID- 6430496
TI  - Effect of aluminum and parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts and bone mineralization
      in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Bone aluminum, quantitative bone histology, and plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH)
      were compared in 29 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Histologic
      techniques included double tetracycline labeling and histochemical identification
      of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone aluminum was measured chemically by
      flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and histochemically. When measured
      chemically, the bone aluminum was 67 +/- 46 (SD) mg/kg dry weight (normal 2.4 +/-
      1.2 mg/kg); histochemically, aluminum was present at 2.9 +/- 4.4% of trabecular
      surface. The biochemical and histochemical results agreed well (r = 0.80, P less
      than 0.001). No double tetracycline labels were seen at the mineralization front
      where aluminum was deposited, indicating cessation of mineralization at these
      sites. The osteoblast surface correlated positively with plasma PTH (r = 0.67, P
      less than 0.001) and negatively with bone aluminum level (r = -0.42, P less than
      0.05). Multiple linear regression showed a correlation of aluminum with
      osteoblasts additional to that of PTH, consistent with a direct effect of
      aluminum in depressing osteoblast numbers. Though a relationship between PTH and
      chemically determined bone aluminum level could not be demonstrated, there was a
      negative correlation between osteoclast count and aluminum, and the nine patients
      with severe hyperparathyroid bone disease had lower chemically determined
      aluminum levels than the other patients. These results suggest that aluminum (a)
      directly inhibits mineralization, (b) is associated with decreased PTH activity
      and hence osteoblast numbers, and (c) directly reduces osteoblast numbers. In
      addition to inducing severe, resistant osteomalacia, aluminum appears to
      contribute to the mild osteomalacia commonly seen in renal failure, characterized
      by extensive thin osteoid and low tetracycline and osteoblast surfaces.

PMID- 6430497
TI  - Effects of weight loss on serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations in adults: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - During a review of 42 metabolic studies in healthy women and men we observed that
      serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations were directly correlated to the observed daily
      changes in body weight (r = 0.68; P less than 0.001) and to caloric intake/kg/day
      (r = 0.39; P = 0.01). These relationships could not be accounted for by related
      and physiologically expected changes in serum Ca or iPTH concentrations. However,
      serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations were observed to be inversely correlated to
      serum PO4 levels (r = -0.44; P = 0.004). In addition, serum PO4 levels were
      inversely correlated to the daily changes in body weight (r = -0.40; P = 0.009).
      Since dietary sodium intake averaged 142 mmol/day, it is unlikely that the
      observed changes in weight were the result of changes in salt and water balance.
      Thus it seems reasonable to speculate that serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations may
      vary directly with energy balance, as reflected by changes in body weight. This
      effect may be mediated by alterations in PO4 metabolism. The accurate assessment
      of serum 1,25-(OH)2-D levels thus appears to require several measurements over
      time periods during which body weight is stable.

PMID- 6430498
TI  - Comparative study of deflazacort, a new synthetic corticosteroid, and
      dexamethasone on the synthesis of collagen in different rat bone cell populations
      and rabbit articular chondrocytes.
AB  - Deflazacort is a new synthetic glucocorticoid which is an oxazoline derivative of
      prednisolone. In previous studies, it was shown that deflazacort, depending on
      the test model used, not only showed considerably more antiinflammatory potency
      than prednisolone in animals but also caused less deleterious effects on bone
      mineral metabolism than equivalent amounts of other glucocorticoids in man. In
      this study, we have compared the effects of deflazacort with those of
      dexamethasone on the synthesis of collagen in various rat bone cell populations
      and chondrocytes. Three bone cell populations were prepared by sequential time
      dependent collagenase treatment of 1-day-old rat calvaria. Each cell population
      was further purified on a Percoll gradient (10-90%) yielding three populations of
      which two are different in alkaline and acid phosphatase and response to
      parathyroid hormone. A 3-day treatment of bone cell populations with deflazacort
      and dexamethasone (10(-11)-10(-5) M) revealed that both glucocorticoids, although
      at different concentrations, inhibited collagen synthesis. 21-desacetyl
      deflazacort (5 beta, 11 beta, 16 beta)-11,21-dihydroxy-2'-methyl-5-H-pregna-1
      enol [17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione), the presumably active form of the steroid,
      which is formed in vivo after administration, produced nearly identical results
      as its precursor. Glucocorticoid concentrations at which inhibition was initially
      observed were 10(-9) M and 10(-7) M for dexamethasone and deflazacort
      respectively. Inhibition of collagen synthesis was significantly impaired only in
      cells isolated from bone during early tissue digestion, and not in those obtained
      during extensive collagenase treatment. Chondrocytes isolated from articular
      cartilage of 3-month-old rabbits and grown in primary cultures did not respond to
      either steroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430499
TI  - Effect of cortisol on periosteal and nonperiosteal collagen and DNA synthesis in
      cultured rat calvariae.
AB  - The effects of cortisol on bone formation are complex and may be modulated by the
      presence of periosteal cells or by factors released by the periosteal tissue. To
      test these possibilities, cortisol was examined for its effects on the
      incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and
      noncollagen protein (NCP), on DNA synthesis and on alkaline phosphatase activity
      in intact and in the periosteum and nonperiosteal bone of dissected calvariae
      from 21-day-old fetal rats. After 24 h of treatment, cortisol increased the
      incorporation of 3H-proline into CDP in intact bones and in the nonperiosteal
      bone of calvariae dissected after the culture. Cortisol inhibited the
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine into calvarial DNA but it caused a small increase
      in nonperiosteal DNA content. Cortisol did not affect the incorporation of 3H
      proline into CDP in calvariae dissected prior to the culture if the periosteum
      and nonperiosteal central bone were incubated separately; the stimulatory effect
      was observed only if the two tissues were cultured in the same vial and were in
      contact. In contrast, cortisol stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in the
      central nonperiosteal bone of calvariae dissected before or after the culture.
      After 72-96 h of treatment, cortisol inhibited the labeling of CDP, NCP, and DNA
      and the DNA content in intact bones and in both periosteal and nonperiosteal
      central bone of calvariae dissected after the culture. In contrast, when the
      periosteum was removed before the incubation, these inhibitory effects were
      observed in the periosteum and not in the nonperiosteal bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430500
TI  - Differential response in alveolar bone osteoclasts residing at two different bone
      sites.
AB  - Using a histochemical method for demonstrating acid phosphatase activity, we have
      studied osteoclasts residing at two different bone sites in rat incisor alveolar
      bone, one at the endosteum and the other at the tooth socket, and compared the
      response of these osteoclasts to systemic changes. After 12 days of calcium (0%)
      or phosphorus (0.2%) deprivation, the number of osteoclasts/cross section at the
      endosteum increased 463% (P less than 0.001) and 103% (P less than 0.002),
      respectively. After 10 days of calcium or phosphorus replenishment, the number of
      osteoclasts at this bone site decreased to levels not significantly different
      from those in the control. In contrast, the number of osteoclasts at the incisor
      socket remained insignificantly changed throughout the experimental period. A
      similar osteoclast differential response was also observed in the alveolar bone
      surrounding the first molar tooth. After 12 days of calcium deprivation, the
      number of osteoclasts/mm bone surface increased 371% (P less than 0.001) at the
      endosteum but remained insignificantly changed at the first molar socket. These
      results suggest that an osteoclast differential response exists in alveolar bone
      and that the response may be of significance inasmuch as the major function of
      alveolar bone is to support the teeth. The work described here supports the
      concept of local as well as systemic regulation of bone metabolism to
      simultaneously perform the dual functions of mineral homeostasis and mechanical
      support.

PMID- 6430501
TI  - Protamine: a powerful in vivo inhibitor of bone resorption.
AB  - Protamine is shown to be a powerful disrupter of calcium homeostasis, acutely
      inducing a severe hypocalcemia in both rabbits and rats. The magnitude of its
      effect correlates with bone turnover. Protamine does not significantly alter the
      renal excretion of calcium, and is effective whether or not there is calcium
      present in the gut. Protamine causes a significant fall in the specific activity
      of 45Ca in the blood in animals whose bone has been prelabeled with 45Ca. These
      data suggest that protamine induces hypocalcemia by blocking calcium efflux from
      bone. Further work seems indicated to define the biochemical mechanism of this
      action.

PMID- 6430502
TI  - Effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on calcium fluxes in intact chicken skeletal
      muscle and myoblasts cultured in vitro.
AB  - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      (1,25(OH)2D3) at physiological concentrations exerted direct effects on Ca fluxes
      in cultured vitamin D-deficient chick soleus muscle and myoblasts. Isotopic
      desaturation curves of soleus muscle prelabeled with 45Ca indicated that the
      action of 25OHD3 is localized in a slow-exchangeable Ca pool where it stimulates
      net Ca uptake. On the other hand, the predominant effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 consist
      in an increase of the rate constant of Ca efflux of this pool and in an increase
      of net Ca uptake in a fast-exchangeable pool. 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferal
      proved to be inactive on both Ca uptake and efflux. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3
      significantly increased 45Ca labeling of cultured chick myoblasts. These effects
      were accompanied by changes in the growth and differentiation of the cultures.
      The results suggest a direct involvement in vivo of 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 on
      muscle cellular calcium.

PMID- 6430503
TI  - 24,25(OH)2D3, bone formation, and bone resorption in vitamin D-deficient,
      azotemic rats.
AB  - Bone formation, mineralization, and resorption were measured in vitamin D
      deficient, azotemic rats given two different dosages of 24,25(OH)2D3 daily and in
      vehicle-treated controls (C). The intraperitoneal administration of 65 pmol over
      a 10 day period corrected the hypocalcemia observed in C, whereas 130 pmol
      produced mild hypercalcemia. Both dosages reduced osteoid width, osteoid area,
      and mineralization front width from control values. The rates of bone and matrix
      formation were unaffected by treatment. In C, matrix formation exceeded bone
      formation and resulted in osteoid accumulation; both dosages of 24,25(OH)2D3
      reversed this relationship such that bone formation exceeded matrix formation in
      each treatment group. The rates of osteoid maturation and initial mineralization
      increased during repletion with 24,25(OH)2D3 at both dosage levels. However, the
      serum calcium concentration was correlated with both osteoid maturation rate (r =
      0.68, P less than 0.01) and initial mineralization rate (r = 0.63, P less than
      0.01) when all three experimental groups were considered. Bone resorption was
      unchanged from control values during treatment with 24,25(OH)2D3. The results
      suggest that 24,25(OH)2D3 promotes the maturation and mineralization of osteoid,
      and that this metabolite differs in its effects on bone formation and resorption.
      It is not clear, however, that the changes in bone dynamics observed are
      independent of the calcemic response induced by metabolite repletion under the
      conditions of this experiment.

PMID- 6430504
TI  - Co-isolation of proteolipids and calcium-phospholipid-phosphate complexes.
AB  - This study demonstrates that calcium-phospholipid-phosphate complexes (CPLX) and
      calcifiable proteolipid are associated in vivo by establishing that they can be
      co-isolated from calcified bacteria. Both of these membrane constituents, which
      support apatite formation in vitro, have been isolated independently from
      Bacterionema matruchotii. However, isolation of proteolipid was preceded by
      demineralization in 2N formic acid, thereby dissociating bound Ca, whereas
      isolation of CPLX included sonication of calcified bacteria in 2:1:1.5
      chloroform:methanol:Tris buffer, thereby dissociating any protein. Co-isolation
      is possible by demineralizing the calcified bacteria with 50 mM phthalic acid, pH
      5.5, followed by extraction with 2:1 chloroform:methanol, and precipitation of
      crude phospholipid with acetone. CPLX and proteolipid are present in all Sephadex
      LH-20 chromatographic fractions of the crude phospholipid and of diethyl ether
      precipitates of the crude phospholipid. CPLXs contain protein:phospholipid:Ca:Pi
      but differ in relative composition from each other and from independently
      isolated CPLX. The Ca:phospholipid:Pi molar ratio of diethyl ether precipitable
      proteolipid-CPLX is most similar to previously published values for CPLX. The
      protein content of CPLX accounts for all of the proteolipid apoprotein in each
      Sephadex LH-20 fraction.

PMID- 6430505
TI  - High-resolution electron microscopy of octacalcium phosphate and its hydrolysis
      products.
AB  - The hydrolysis and dehydration products of synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP)
      were studied using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, chemical analysis,
      and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). A "collapsed OCP" phase,
      identified by a characteristic 16.5 A reflection in its X-ray diffraction
      pattern, was observed when OCP was dehydrated. High resolution electron
      microscopy of the hydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed reaction products also
      revealed local contrast features with an approximate 16.5 A periodicity. These
      features were consistent with a collapse of the OCP crystal structure and
      subsequent formation of epitaxial intergrowths of OCP and hydroxyapatite.
      Chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction of these samples were similar to
      previously reported calcium-deficient apatites. The hydrolysis of OCP to form
      calcium-deficient apatites is a reaction pathway which may be of importance in
      understanding the crystallographic changes occurring during the early stages of
      bone, calculus, and dental enamel formation.

PMID- 6430506
TI  - Systematic purification of free and matrix-bound phosphophoryns of bovine dentin:
      presence of matrix-bound phosphophoryn as a distinct molecular entity.
AB  - Free and matrix-bound phosphophoryns, both highly phosphorylated proteins in
      dentin, were prepared from EDTA extract and CNBr-digests of bovine dentin. The
      two components were purified by DEAE-cellulose, SP-Sephadex, and gel filtration
      chromatography. The matrix-bound component was eluted as a distinct peak from the
      free component in the above chromatographic systems. Amino acid composition of
      the purified matrix-bound component indicated that this component consisted of
      phosphophoryn and collagen in the ratio of 2:3 based on the number of the
      residues. The matrix-bound component could not be reconstituted by mixing
      phosphophoryn with collagen CNBr peptides. Artificial crosslink products of free
      phosphophoryn and collagen CNBr-peptides by the carbodiimide method showed
      similar properties to the physiological matrix-bound phosphophoryn. The bond
      between phosphophoryn and collagen of the matrix-bound component is assumed to be
      a covalent crosslink.

PMID- 6430507
TI  - The Kroc Foundation Conference on Functional Adaptation in Bone Tissue.

PMID- 6430508
TI  - Mathematical modeling and numerical solutions for functionally dependent bone
      remodeling.
AB  - The phenomenon of bone remodeling is a complex biological process which is
      dependent on genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and age-related factors as well as
      functional requirements. The possibility of successfully developing a
      mathematical model to describe and predict the adaptive response of bone to load
      will be significantly increased after identification of the nature of the
      transducer(s) which senses functional requirements and provides signals for the
      cellular processes responsible for bone synthesis and bone removal. In spite of
      the present limitations in knowledge about the functional dependence of bone
      remodeling, a phenomenological model has been developed that assumes that the
      output signal from the (as yet unspecified) transducer is a remodeling potential
      that can be modulated by genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors. An attempt has
      been made to cast the mathematical model in such a form that the constants and
      variables appearing in the equations are not mere abstractions, but can be
      related to biological parameters. In order to use the adaptive hypothesis with
      specific structural model examples, a numerical procedure has been developed to
      determine the strain distribution, predict the remodeling (assuming that the
      remodeling rate is related to the strain history), and update the model by
      changing the geometry and material properties in response to the remodeling. This
      numerical procedure is repeatedly iterated to determine the structural
      architecture at subsequent times. The numerical approach allows use of the
      remodeling concepts with models of irregular geometry, inhomogeneous material
      distribution, and anisotropic material properties.

PMID- 6430509
TI  - Skeletal strain and the functional significance of bone architecture.
AB  - Regulation of the magnitude and distribution of skeletal strain is achieved in
      limb bones both "internally" by alterations to bone morphology, and "externally"
      by coordination of muscle activity and modifications in the animal's behavior.
      Though not actually minimizing functional strain, these mechanisms conspire to
      produce a restricted strain environment, which allows an economical and optimized
      structure, and, in a variety of species over a wide range of activities, the
      architectural and behavioral modifications have resulted in remarkably similar
      peak functional strain magnitudes. This confined range of functional strains
      reflects a universal mechanism and objective of structural adaptation in bone.

PMID- 6430510
TI  - Local stresses and bone adaption around orthopedic implants.
AB  - The severest long-term complications of orthopedic joint-prostheses are
      associated with loosening of the implant-bone interface, due to adverse reactions
      in bone and subsequent weakening of the connection between the two materials.
      Mechanical stresses, caused by joint loading, play a key role in the adaption of
      interface bone and in the loosening process. In the present study, it is shown
      how local interface stress patterns can be evaluated using advanced methods of
      computer-based, engineering stress analyses (the Finite Element Method, FEM). The
      stress patterns are compared with the local bone structure and bone resorption
      phenomena as found in animal experiments. The results indicate that loosening and
      bone resorption is associated with high peak stresses at the interface in the
      immediate post-operative stage. In addition, there appears to be similarity
      between the local stress patterns and the bone morphology at the interface if
      resorption does not occur. Finally, it is found that implants of high local
      stiffness generate lower peak stresses in bone, as compared with low stiffness
      implants.

PMID- 6430511
TI  - Can strains give adequate information for adaptive bone remodeling?
AB  - For bone to remodel adaptively, the cells responsible should follow some
      algorithm. Nine different loading situations and structures are discussed. It
      seems that either algorithm must be extremely complex, or cells in different
      structures must follow different algorithms.

PMID- 6430512
TI  - Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: cellular
      mechanisms and biomechanical consequences.
AB  - It is proposed that there are two structurally different forms of bone loss with
      different rates, cellular mechanisms, and biomechanical effects. Rapid bone loss
      is the result of excessive depth of osteoclastic resorption cavities. This leads
      in trabecular bone to perforation of structural elements, increased size of
      marrow cavities, and discontinuity of the bone structure, and in cortical bone to
      subendosteal cavitation and conversion of the inner third of the cortex to a
      trabecularlike structure, which then undergoes the same changes as the trabecular
      bone originally present. These structural characteristics reduce the strength of
      the bones to a greater extent than the reduction in the amount of bone by itself
      would suggest. Slow bone loss results from incomplete refilling by osteoblasts of
      resorption cavities of normal or reduced size. This leads to simple thinning of
      residual structural elements in both trabecular and cortical bone, and reduces
      the strength of the bones in proportion to the reduction in the amount of bone.
      This concept, although derived mainly from an examination of postmenopausal bone
      loss, may be applicable to other osteopenic states. At the same time as bone loss
      is occurring on the endosteal surface, rapidly or slowly, bone is being added to
      the periosteal surface, but much more slowly than during growth. The cellular
      mechanism is the converse of that causing slow bone loss, consisting of slight
      overfilling of shallow resorption cavities. Slow periosteal gain serves to partly
      offset the structural weakness resulting from endosteal loss, but is not directly
      compensatory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430513
TI  - Bone involution decrease in exercising middle-aged women.
AB  - Physical activity is an important stimulus in the prevention of bone involution.
      Bilateral bone mineral mass and width of the radius, ulna, and humerus were
      measured by single photon absorptiometry on 200 women between the ages of 35 and
      65 over a 3-4 year period. Two groups were formed: 80 in a control group and 120
      in a physical activity group exercising 45 min/day, 3 days/week. The control and
      physical activity groups were similar in age, height, weight, and level of
      physical fitness at the beginning of the study. The control group lost bone
      mineral mass at a rate similar to that of the general population. The left radius
      bone mineral declined 2.44% per year. Similar rates of decline were observed in
      the other bones measured. The physical activity group increased in fitness by 13%
      in the first year of the study. The bone mineral mass of the exercise group
      declined the first year and then increased; thereby the bone mineral data for the
      exercise group was analyzed in two sets. During the first year of the program, a
      decline of 3.77% in bone mineral mass of the left radius, a significantly greater
      loss than that of the control group, was observed. Decline rates were similar in
      the other bones measured. In the second and third years, bone mineral mass of the
      left radius increased by 1.39% per year, and the rate of change was significantly
      different from that of the control group. There were similar increases in the
      other bones measured. The data from this study support the importance of physical
      activity in the prevention of bone mineral loss in the aging female.

PMID- 6430515
TI  - Disuse osteoporosis: physiological aspects.
AB  - Immobilization in plaster, bed rest, and the weightless state all result in
      calcium loss which if continued for a few months will result in detectable
      demineralization of the lower extremities. The upper extremities are "different"
      bones (presumably differently programmed genetically), for they have not been
      seen to develop X-ray-detectable demineralization except after several months of
      severe paralysis. The substantial losses of calcium in inactivity are accompanied
      by sizeable losses of nitrogen, reflective of muscle atrophy. Hence, we do not
      know how much of the bone loss in disuse is mediated by diminished direct
      physical forces on bone, how much by decreased muscle pull on periosteum, and how
      much perhaps by circulatory or other changes.

PMID- 6430514
TI  - Bone-derived factors active on bone cells.
AB  - Effects of systemic calcium regulating hormones have been studied extensively,
      yet mechanisms of bone volume regulation at the local level are poorly
      understood. Our laboratory has reported evidence for two locally mediated
      processes of bone volume regulation which function independently of systemic
      control: (1) coupling of bone formation and resorption and (2) repletion of
      resorbed bone. These local regulatory mechanisms have been shown to occur in vivo
      and in vitro. We have reported that embryonic chick tibiae in culture, stimulated
      to resorb, release a factor in the serum-free culture medium that stimulates bone
      cell proliferation and bone matrix formation in vitro. We have postulated that
      this factor could be involved in the coupling mechanism. Subsequently, a similar
      factor which stimulates bone cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and bone
      formation in vitro was extracted from embryonic and adult bones. The factor
      partially purified from human bone, designated as human skeletal growth factor,
      has molecular weight, heat sensitivity and biological activity similar to the
      factor found in bone conditioned medium. Many other biologically active factors
      have also been extracted from bone cells or demineralized bone by different
      laboratories. Their actions on bone cells range from chemotactic to mitogenic.
      These recently discovered bone factors emphasize that there is important
      regulation of bone metabolism at the local level.

PMID- 6430516
TI  - Skeletal calcium homeostasis and countermeasures to prevent disuse osteoporosis.
AB  - Maintenance of a skeleton capable of resisting the stresses of everyday life is
      dependent on the mechanical forces applied to the skeleton during normal activity
      in a 1-G environment. When the effects of 1-G on the longitudinal skeleton are
      removed, as with space travel or inactivity, bone and bone mineral are lost
      because bone resorption is greater than bone formation. Ninety healthy young men
      were studied during 5-36 weeks of continuous bed rest. During inactivity, urinary
      calcium increases rapidly and by the sixth week of bed rest, output has risen by
      100 mg/day, plateaus for several weeks, and then decreases but remains above
      ambulatory baseline thereafter. This occurred even though they received vitamin D
      supplements throughout the study. Calcium balance becomes negative after 2 weeks
      and by the end of the first month, 200 mg/day is lost. The loss continues at this
      rate for at least 36 weeks. Calcaneal mineral loses 5% of its mass each month.
      Attempts to prevent disuse osteoporosis with both mechanical and biochemical
      means, including exercise, skeletal compression, increased hydrostatic pressure
      to the lower body, supplemental calcium and/or phosphorus, calcitonin, or
      etidronate were not successful.

PMID- 6430517
TI  - Functional adaptation of the human locomotor system to normal and abnormal
      loading patterns.
AB  - The adaptation of bone to its mechanical environment can be understood only in
      the context of its relationships to the soft tissues of the locomotor system, and
      its dual requirements to provide structural support and preserve articular
      cartilage. Radiographic analysis of the human skeleton provides insights into the
      nature of load transmission. Bone's adaptation to abnormal situations such as
      arthritis, or total joint implants, provides information about the limits of its
      tolerance to altered load or strain patterns. Knowledge gained from analysis of
      the first 20 years of total joint arthroplasty should provide prostheses of
      improved design and materials in the future.

PMID- 6430518
TI  - Mechanical loading histories and cortical bone remodeling.
AB  - A conceptual framework is presented for understanding and investigating
      structural adaptation of cortical bone. The magnitudes, orientations, and sense
      (tension or compression) of the physiologically incurred cyclic principal strains
      vary markedly throughout the skeleton. It is probable, therefore, that the
      strain/remodeling response of bone is site specific. Furthermore, there is some
      indication that immature bone is more responsive to alterations of cyclic strains
      than mature bone. Animal experimental studies and complementary stress and strain
      analyses suggest that the structural adaptation due to changes in cyclic strain
      fields may be a very nonlinear response. Bone loss in mature animals due to
      immobilization is sensitive to even small changes in the cyclic bone strains.
      Under normal conditions, however, there appears to be a broad range of physical
      activity in which bone is relatively unresponsive to changes in loading history.
      With severe repeated loading, bone hypertrophy can be pronounced. These
      observations open the possibility that bone atrophy and hypertrophy are
      controlled by different mechanisms. Therefore, two (or more) complementary
      control systems may be involved in the regulation of bone mass by bone cyclic
      strain histories. It is probable that bone mechanical microdamage is one control
      stimulus for affecting an increase in bone mass.

PMID- 6430519
TI  - Bone remodeling due to continuously applied loads.
AB  - It has long been known that the stress history of bone tissue influences its
      structure; however, the nature of this relationship remains largely
      uncharacterized. The objective of this work was to induce a quantifiable change
      in the stress history of in vivo bone tissue and examine subsequent changes in
      structural and material properties that might occur. Continuous compressive loads
      were applied to the diaphysis of adult mongrel dogs for 2 months. The loads,
      ranging from 12-130 N, were superposed on the normal activity of the animals by
      implanting spring loading devices on the diaphysis of the femur. After the
      animals were sacrificed, mid-diaphysial specimens were subjected to compression
      testing to determine a structural bulk stiffness. The cross-sectional areas of
      original bone tissue and new bone deposition were then determined. The ash
      weights of selected specimens were also determined. The results indicate that a
      positive correlation between the increase in cross-sectional area and the
      superposed stress does exist. The new bone apposition was found almost entirely
      on the periosteal surface. Very little evidence of internal remodeling or
      endosteal movement was observed. The new tissue was found to have a lower ash
      weight and appeared to have a disorganized microstructure. Mechanical testing
      also suggests that the newly deposited tissue is far less stiff than the mature
      original bone.

PMID- 6430520
TI  - The effects of remodeling on the elastic properties of bone.
AB  - Cortical bone can be modeled as a complex hierarchical composite interrelating
      both structure and material properties on four levels of structural organization:
      molecular, ultrastructural, microscopic, and macroscopic. In young animals, the
      microstructural systems are long parallel lamellar units, plexiform bone, which
      in older or more mature animals converts by internal remodeling into multiple
      concentric lamellar units, secondary osteons, forming haversian bone. Ultrasonic
      wave propagation measurements performed on both plexiform and haversian bone
      clearly show a definitive relationship with microstructure; haversian bone can be
      described as a transversely symmetric material whereas plexiform bone appears to
      be orthotropic in nature. The anisotropy of the elastic constants are found to
      reflect the tissue symmetry; moreover, plexiform bone is stiffer and more rigid
      in all directions than is haversian bone. Similar experiments were performed on
      osteoporotic and osteopetrotic bone. While the results for osteoporotic bone are
      understandable in terms of the increased porosity, the results for the
      osteopetrotic bone are anomalous with respect to its density. Since Wolff, the
      remodeling of bone has been interpreted as a way of altering the mechanical
      properties to suit some need. For haversian remodeling from plexiform bone, the
      argument that adaptation occurs to optimize properties requires additional
      clarification since haversian bone appears to have inferior mechanical properties
      to plexiform bone.

PMID- 6430521
TI  - The cellular basis of bone remodeling: the quantum concept reexamined in light of
      recent advances in the cell biology of bone.
AB  - The cellular basis of the normal bone remodeling sequence in the human adult is
      discussed in relation to a cycle of five stages--quiescence, activation,
      resorption, reversal, formation, and return to quiescence. Normally, 80% or more
      of free bone surfaces are quiescent with respect to remodeling. The structure of
      the quiescent surface comprises 5 layers; listed in order out toward the bone
      marrow these are: the lamina limitans (the electron dense outer edge of the
      mineralized bone matrix), unmineralized connective tissue that may be confused
      with osteoid by light microscopy, flattened lining cells of osteoblast lineage
      separated by narrow gaps, more unmineralized connective tissue, and finally
      either the squamous sac cells of red marrow or the cytoplasm of fat cells of
      yellow marrow. Activation requires the recruitment of new osteoclasts derived
      from precursor cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (and so ultimately from
      the hematopoietic stem cell), a method for precursor cells to penetrate the
      cellular and connective tissue barrier of the quiescent surface, and so gain
      access to the bone mineral, and mechanisms for their attraction and binding to
      the mineralized surface, possibly in response to chemotactic signals released
      from bone matrix or mineral. Each of these three steps is probably mediated in
      some way by lining cells. Resorption is carried out by osteoclasts, most of which
      are multinucleated. The mean life span of individual nuclei is about 12.5 days;
      the additional nuclei needed to sustain resorption may be derived from local as
      well as blood-bone precursors, but nothing is known of their fate.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430522
TI  - Lamellar bone turnover system and its effector organ.
AB  - Juxtaposition of cell kinetics in the asymmetric, self-renewing osteoclast and
      osteoblast populations in the evolving secondary Haversian systems, which are in
      neutral balance, disclosed their genetically determined fixed and flexible or
      variable properties, the latter controllable. These jointly controlled cell
      populations (coupling) at local and organ level, constitute the Effector Organ of
      Lamellar Bone Turnover Systems (EO LBTS). In part genetically preprogrammed, this
      system also responds during growth and maturity to environmental (mainly
      biomechanical) factors that adjust structure to function. Since the pattern of
      signals and stimuli generated within the bones under the conditions of mechanical
      loads differs during growth and maturity, the two major expressions of the LBTS
      (i.e., modeling of bones during growth and their remodeling during growth and
      maturity) can be explained by the appropriate response of its EO to those
      patterns. Since normal physical activity has a limited range and bones sustain
      more or less predictable deforming forces, the signals and stimuli so generated
      must preserve more or less similar patterns. Considering also the constraints on
      the system (constants of the EO LBTS), modeling and remodeling patterns, as well
      as the gross and microscopic organization of bones, would vary little from one
      individual to another under normal circumstances. For its proper function, the EO
      LBTS requires the presence in the cell environment of specific and nonspecific
      permissive factors (as any cell or tissue in the organism) and it may be
      influenced further by modulatory factors which link it with the system
      maintaining calcium ion homeostasis in the body fluids. Mechanical failure of the
      skeleton in metabolic bone disease can be explained by the alterations in the
      biochemical or biomechanical milieu due to disorders of other organs and systems
      which interfere with the primary (structural) function of the EO LBTS.

PMID- 6430523
TI  - Functional strain as a determinant for bone remodeling.
AB  - Mechanical function has always been acknowledged to have a significant,
      continuing but hitherto unquantified influence on bone remodeling. The structural
      objective of this relationship is presumably to ensure that, at each location
      throughout the skeleton, there is sufficient bone tissue, appropriately placed,
      to withstand functional load-bearing without damage. The architectural
      modifications necessary to achieve and maintain this structural competence are
      made by the coordinated remodeling activity of populations of osteoblasts and
      osteoclasts. The specific structure-function objectives at each location remain
      undefined, as are the mechanisms by which tissue loading is transduced into
      cellular control. The remodeling responses following a variety of experimental
      alterations in bones' strain environment are presented. Their significance to the
      process of remodeling control is discussed, and a scheme for the interaction of
      mechanical and hormonal influences proposed.

PMID- 6430524
TI  - Circadian rhythm of mechanically mediated differentiation of osteoblasts.
AB  - Rats entrained to alternating 12 h light/dark periods were sacrificed at hourly
      intervals over one complete circadian cycle. Each animal was injected with 3H
      Thymidine 1 h before death. Autoradiographs of serial sections of maxillary first
      molar periodontal ligament (PDL) were prepared. Nuclear volume was determined for
      labeled fibroblastlike PDL cells along a physiological bone forming surface.
      Preosteoblasts (large nuclei), the immediate proliferating precursors of
      osteoblasts, were found to synthesize DNA primarily during the environmental
      light period and divide during the subsequent dark cycle. Less differentiated
      precursor cells (small nuclei), the proliferating predecessors of preosteoblasts,
      were in S phase primarily during the dark period and divided in the following
      light cycle. Since previous studies have indicated, the stress/strain-mediated
      increase in nuclear size to form preosteoblasts also requires about 8-12 h, the
      least complex osteoblast differentiation model, which is consistent with the
      present data, is a 60 h sequence involving at least four cell types and five
      alternating dark/light cycles. The principal rate-limiting step in osteoblast
      differentiation is the mechanically related shift in nuclear size (change in
      genomic expression) associated with formation of preosteoblasts.

PMID- 6430525
TI  - Tensile forces enhance prostaglandin E synthesis in osteoblastic cells grown on
      collagen ribbons.
AB  - An experimental system has been developed to examine the prostaglandin (PG)
      production induced by tensile mechanical forces in bone cells cultured on
      collagen ribbons. Fetal rat calvaria cells (osteoblast-enriched) were grown on
      collagen ribbons. The collagen ribbons were stretched under culture conditions in
      a machine that recorded force and displacement. Repeated stretching of the
      collagen ribbons (8 times, 5-10%, over 2 hours) increased the rate of
      prostaglandin synthesis approximately 3.5-fold over that of cells on nonstretched
      ribbons. This system should provide a suitable method to quantitatively study the
      effect of mechanical forces on various parameters of PG synthesis.

PMID- 6430526
TI  - What should bones be designed to do?
AB  - The variety of different mechanical functions required of whole bones is
      discussed. Often, the design optimizing the structure for one function is not
      optimal for another function.

PMID- 6430527
TI  - Behavior of fluid in stressed bone and cellular stimulation.
AB  - The behavior of the fluid in stressed bone is examined in order to determine what
      stimuli cells in bone would experience when bone is stressed. It is found that
      the fluid pressure in the vascular channels should have a very short relaxation
      time, on the order of milliseconds in vivo. The case for the lacunar-canalicular
      systems is more difficult to analyze, but the fluid pressure in these pore
      systems may not relax as rapidly. The experimental evidence concerning fluid flow
      is difficult to interpret because of the complicated porosity in bone and the
      dependence of the permeability on sample preparation techniques. Nevertheless,
      the data are consistent with a fast relaxation time for the vascular channels in
      vitro, which means that the long relaxation time observed in the
      electromechanical effect is due either to the flow in the lacunar-canalicular
      systems or to the flow in the microporosity.

PMID- 6430528
TI  - The electric double layer in bone and its influence on stress-generated
      potentials.
AB  - Stress-generated potential (SGP) studies in fluid-filled bone have been
      interpreted in terms of streaming potential theory. Variations in fluid
      conductivity and viscosity are in agreement with this theory. Experimental
      results also indicate that the zeta potential of bone is dependent upon the ion
      concentration of the fluid. In fact, the zeta potential is seen to reverse
      polarity at sufficiently high concentrations of NaCl and KCl. This observation
      indicates that the electric double layer at the fluid-bone matrix interface is an
      important region contributing to electromechanical effects in bone. The double
      layer may also have an effect on piezoelectric studies in dry bone since the
      charged species remain on the matrix after the bone specimens are dried.

PMID- 6430529
TI  - Mechanical modeling of the stress adaptation process in bone.
AB  - The philosophy, techniques, and concepts involved in the mechanical modeling of
      the process of stress adaptation in bone are described here. First, the idea of a
      control surface, across which all mechanical forces and fluid transport are
      monitored, is introduced and employed to totally enclose a living whole bone.
      Then the mechanical forces are related to local tissue stresses and the fluid
      transport to the local microcirculation. The concepts of strain, stress, and
      elasticity are introduced next and the applications of these concepts to
      biological tissue are discussed. It is argued that biological tissue can only
      sense strain and not stress; thus baroreceptors are, in fact, strain receptors.
      The concept of remodeling or stress adaptive equilibrium is then introduced and
      associated with a particular range of strain values called the band of remodeling
      equilibrium strains. The deposition or resorption of bone tissue is hypothesized
      to be a function of the amount of strain by which the actual strain at an
      anatomical site differs from values of strain in the band of remodeling
      equilibrium strains. The form of this functional dependence is discussed with
      regard to a number of points, including its variance from anatomical site to site
      and the particular features of the strain history which are the most significant
      in enhancing bone remodeling. In the closing section of the paper, the basic
      mechanistic ideas underlying our models of bone stress adaptation are presented.
      These are mechanical models for internal bone remodeling (remodeling) and surface
      bone remodeling (modeling).

PMID- 6430530
TI  - Comparative value of peripheral and central venous pCO2 in predicting normal
      paCO2 during anaesthesia.
AB  - The ability of venous pCO2 to predict arterial pCO2 within the normal range was
      tested by measuring pCO2 in blood sampled simultaneously from a large forearm
      vein (PER), from the superior vena cava (SVC), and from an artery in 35
      anaesthetized patients. The relationship between arterial and both venous pCO2's
      were studied in a first series of 15 patients (ASA physical status class I-II)
      anaesthetized with methohexitone, fentanyl, pancuronium and nitrous oxide/oxygen,
      and in a second series of 20 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery anaesthetized
      with flunitrazepam, fentanyl, pancuronium and nitrous oxide. A marked correlation
      was found between arterial and both venous pCO2's samples in the normal patients
      (a/PER: r = 0.922; a/SVC: r = 0.940); in the patients with abnormal
      cardiovascular status the correlation observed was less pronounced (a/PER: r =
      0.501; a/SVC: r = 0.507). In view of the similar correlation coefficients
      observed from the PER or SVC blood sampling sites, we conclude that the degree of
      accuracy of the prediction of paCO2 from the venous pCO2's is not modified by the
      origin of the venous blood. The differences between the coefficients of
      correlation found in the normal patients and in those with abnormal
      cardiovascular function indicate that venous pCO2 as estimate of paCO2 appears
      useful only in subjects with normal haemodynamic status.

PMID- 6430531
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the cornea and conjunctiva of a heterozygous woman
      with Fabry's disease.
AB  - Heterozygous females with Fabry's disease show a typical whorled pattern in the
      corneal epithelium. The patient presented in this paper also had symptoms of
      polymyositis, necrotizing vasculitis and angiokeratomas. The diagnosis was made
      from the corneal changes. Electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic electron
      dense deposits made up of lamellar stacks of uniform periodicity similar to
      myelin. These were present not only in the corneal epithelium but also in the
      epithelium, goblet cells, endothelium and mural cells of blood vessels in the
      conjunctiva. The material in the goblet cells may account for the known presence
      of ceramide trihexoside in the tears.

PMID- 6430532
TI  - Action of arachidonic acid in ureteral-ligated kidney of the anesthetized canine:
      possible lipoxygenase activity.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs 48 h after unilateral ureteral ligation, intra-arterial
      injection of arachidonic acid produced a transient increase followed by a
      prolonged decrease of resistance in the ureteral-ligated kidney; whereas, in the
      control kidney, only the prolonged decrease in resistance was observed in
      response to arachidonate. Indomethacin blocked not only the arachidonate-induced
      renal efflux of both immunoreactive 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane
      B2 but also vasodilation in both kidneys. In contrast, the initial
      vasoconstriction in the obstructed kidney was not affected by pretreatment with
      the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. Infusion of 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, an
      inhibitor of lipoxygenase activity, into the ureteral-ligated kidney after
      indomethacin markedly reduced the initial vasoconstrictor response to
      arachidonate. These data demonstrate that vascular reactivity to arachidonic acid
      is altered in the ureteral-obstructed kidney and are consistent with the
      hypothesis that formation of lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase derivatives
      may participate in the hemodynamic responses to arachidonic acid in this
      pathophysiologic model.

PMID- 6430533
TI  - Biotransformation of glyceryl trinitrate to glyceryl dinitrate by human
      hemoglobin.
AB  - The elimination of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) by man is rapid and its clearance
      exceeds cardiac output. It is therefore clear that a variety of tissues in
      addition to liver are involved in the biotransformation of GTN. Incubation of GTN
      with the 25 000 X g supernatant fraction of lysed human erythrocytes resulted in
      a 39.6% +/- 5.5 (SD) elimination of GTN after 40 min. After pretreatment of the
      lysate supernatant fraction with carbon monoxide, GTN elimination was only 26% +/
      4.5. These data indicated that hemoglobin might be involved in GTN elimination.
      When purified hemoglobin was incubated with GTN, a 77.1% +/- 6.4 elimination of
      GTN was observed, accompanied by glyceryl dinitrate formation. The
      biotransformation of GTN was inhibited by pretreatment with carbon monoxide. The
      results indicate that the biotransformation of GTN by human erythrocytes is due,
      at least in part, to interaction with hemoglobin.

PMID- 6430534
TI  - Direct and indirect actions of histamine on airway smooth muscle in guinea pigs.
AB  - Studies in guinea pigs showed that some forms of drug-induced bronchospasm are
      reflexogenic involving afferents in the glossopharyngeal nerve. At least two
      pathways appear to be involved. One pathway contains H1 receptors and is blocked
      by mepyramine and sodium cromoglycate (SCG), and its pharmacological
      characteristics are similar to those of active reflex vasodilation. The other
      appears to involve peripheral muscarinic receptors. The findings also indicate
      that SCG may act on efferent as well as afferent pathways.

PMID- 6430535
TI  - A catabolite-resistance mutation is localized in the rpo operon of Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - By transformation analysis, a mutation (crsE1), which makes Bacillus subtilis
      cells able to sporulate in the presence of relatively high concentrations of
      glucose and other carbon sources, was mapped in the rpoBC operon. The effect of
      crsE1 mutation can be suppressed by another mutation in the same operon, rfm11,
      which confers resistance to rifamycin. Mutants carrying stv or std mutations,
      which are also located in the rpoBC operon, showed partial resistance to
      catabolites in sporulation. It appears therefore that a change in the structure
      or synthesis of RNA polymerase may alter the response of cells to the inhibitory
      effect of catabolites on sporulation.

PMID- 6430536
TI  - Specific cross-protective antigonococcal immunity in the murine genital tract.
AB  - Specific acquired immunity to gonococci was studied in systemically immunized
      mice, challenged with 10(7) gonococci by intrauterine inoculation. Protection
      after intraperitoneal immunization was monitored by vaginal cultures taken 24 h
      post-challenge, since events during the first 24 h postexposure to gonococci are
      crucial in determining the outcome of infection. Mice were protected against
      gonococcal challenge by two inoculations with either live or boiled gonococci
      given 4 weeks apart, whereas immunization with one inoculation did not protect
      against challenge 1 week later. Protection was correlated with high titers of IgG
      antibody in serum after two immunizations, but not with the high titers of serum
      IgM antibody found after the one immunization. IgG antibodies, but not IgM
      antibodies, were shown to pass into genital secretions. Protection could be
      passively transferred by serum with high titers of antibody. Of most practical
      importance was the finding that not only were heat-stable antigens protective,
      but also heterologous protection resulted after immunization with three strains
      differing in source (disseminated gonococcal infection versus gonorrhea), opacity
      transparency characteristics, and serum sensitivity. The data indicate that IgG
      antibodies resulting from systemic immunization with heat-stable antigens may be
      able to provide cross-protection immunity against gonorrhea.

PMID- 6430537
TI  - Glucosamine substitution and muramidase susceptibility in Bacillus anthracis.
AB  - Cell walls of Bacillus anthracis were found to be resistant to lysozyme, and
      partially resistant to mutanolysin, a muramidase from Streptomyces globisporus.
      Following treatment with acetic anhydride, it was observed that the walls were
      highly susceptible to hydrolysis by lysozyme or mutanolysin. Analyses of cell
      walls, prior to and following derivatization with fluorodinitrobenzene, revealed
      that approximately 88% of the glucosamine residues and 34% of the muramic acid
      residues of the peptidoglycan contained unsubstituted amino groups, thereby
      providing an explanation for the resistance of the walls to lysozyme. The walls
      of B. anthracis were approximately 19% cross-linked, based on the findings that
      81% of the diaminopimelic acid residues could be modified by
      fluorodinitrobenzene. Walls of B. thuringiensis 4040 and B. cereus ATCC 19637
      also contained high percentages of unsubstituted amino sugars, and unless
      acetylated, were also relatively resistant to lysozyme and mutanolysin. When B.
      anthracis, B. cereus, or B. thuringiensis were grown in the presence of 100
      micrograms/mL lysozyme, there was a decrease in the average number of cells per
      chain, but there was no decrease in growth rates, suggesting that the enzyme was
      acting at septa. It is unlikely that lysozyme and autolysins act synergistically
      in Bacillus, because azide anion, which activates autolysins, did not enhance the
      lytic action of lysozyme in B. anthracis, B. cereus, or B. thuringiensis.

PMID- 6430538
TI  - Association of cholelithiasis with total parenteral nutrition and fasting in a
      preterm infant.
AB  - Cholelithiasis is uncommon in infants. A case of cholelithiasis in a preterm boy
      who required total parenteral nutrition (TPN) because of prolonged fasting is
      described. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography. Despite cholestasis,
      reintroduction of oral feeding and discontinuation of TPN resulted in the
      spontaneous disappearance of the gallstones.

PMID- 6430539
TI  - Relationship between the partial pressure of arterial oxygen and airflow
      limitation in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - To assess whether it would be possible to avoid repeated arterial blood sampling
      in children with cystic fibrosis, the relation between the forced expiratory flow
      at 25% to 75% of the vital capacity (FEF25%-75%) and the partial pressure of
      arterial oxygen (PaO2) was examined. The PaO2 and the logarithm of the FEF25%-75%
      (expressed as a percentage of that predicted) showed the strongest correlation (r
      = 0.89, p less than 0.001). Although this relation cannot be used when an
      accurate value for the PaO2 is required, it can sometimes be useful for
      determining the need for an arterial puncture.

PMID- 6430540
TI  - IgM-producing gastric plasmacytoma.
AB  - A case of gastric plasmacytoma is reported in an 81-year-old woman.
      Immunofluorescent and immunoelectrophoretic studies showed that the tumor cells
      produced IgM-lambda molecules, whereas no monoclonal immunoglobulin could be
      detected both in the serum and in the urine. Of more than 60 reported cases of
      gastric plasmacytoma, only a few reports referred to the production of monoclonal
      immunoglobulin by the tumor cells. This case is the first one of IgM-producing
      gastric plasmacytoma. Moreover, the produced IgM was found to be 7S-IgM. It is
      extremely rare that 7S-IgM alone is detected in the absence of 19S-IgM.

PMID- 6430541
TI  - Tamoxifen in advanced prostatic carcinoma. A dose escalation study.
AB  - Patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma who had received minimal or no prior
      therapy were treated with tamoxifen citrate in escalating doses from 10 to 50 mg
      orally twice a day. Twenty-nine courses were evaluated in 17 patients. Entry was
      limited to patients with measurable sites of disease. There were no objective
      responses at any dose level in these measurable sites. Acid and alkaline
      phosphatase were reduced in 0% and 18% of courses, respectively. Serum
      testosterone increased by an average of 119 ng/ml. Most increases were transient;
      no tumor flares were observed. Transperineal prostate biopsies in selected
      patients after completion of treatment showed no evidence of tumor necrosis or
      alteration in histologic grade of the tumors. Tamoxifen citrate, over the range
      of doses evaluated, has no activity in metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6430542
TI  - 111Indium-oxine-labeled leukocytes in the diagnosis of localized infection in
      patients with neoplastic disease.
AB  - One hundred twenty-nine 111In-oxine-labeled leukocyte scintiscans have been
      performed in 117 patients with cancer in order to diagnose localized infectious
      disease. Of the 115 contributive scans, 40 were in patients with localizing
      signs, whereas in 75 fever of unknown origin constituted the indication for this
      examination. The overall specificity of the method was 95.4%, the overall
      sensitivity 86%, and the global accuracy 91.3%. In 10 cases with localizing
      signs, the 111In-oxine granulocyte scintigram allowed exclusion of the diagnosis
      of infection, whereas in 17 instances without localizing signs, a focal
      infectious process was demonstrated. Heterologous donor leukocytes were used
      successfully in five instances. With the exception of accumulation of label at
      the site of an osteolytic metastasis in one case, no uptake was observed in
      primary or secondary tumors. It is concluded that 111In-oxine-labeled leukocytes
      constitute a valuable tool in the diagnosis and localization of infection in
      patients with malignant disease.

PMID- 6430543
TI  - Diurnal variation in the excretion of indican in rats fed saccharin containing
      diet.
AB  - The administration of a diet containing 7.5% saccharin ad libitum to adult male
      rats for 1 month increased the daily excretion of indican. The maximum urinary
      excretion of saccharin which occurred during the night (2000-0800 h), was
      associated with a reduced renal elimination of indican. This resulted in
      proportionately greater renal excretion of indican during the day, which has been
      shown previously to be the time of maximum distension of the urinary bladder in
      rats fed a saccharin containing diet. Thus the physiological and biochemical
      changes produced by high dietary levels of saccharin, i.e. saturation of renal
      tubular secretion, increased excretion of indican and bladder distension are
      inter-related such as to maximize the possible interaction of the bladder
      epithelium with endogenous substrates of renal tubular secretion.

PMID- 6430544
TI  - Participation of cytochrome P-450 in reductive metabolism of 1-nitropyrene by rat
      liver microsomes.
AB  - Reductive metabolism of carcinogenic 1-nitropyrene by rat liver microsomes and
      reconstituted cytochrome P-450 systems was investigated. Under the nitrogen
      atmosphere, 1-aminopyrene was the only detected metabolite of 1-nitropyrene. The
      reductase activity in liver 105,000 X g supernatant fraction was ascribed to DT
      diaphorase, aldehyde oxidase, and other unknown enzyme(s) from the results of
      cofactor requirements and inhibition experiments. The microsomal reductase
      activity was inhibited by oxygen, carbon monoxide, 2,4-dichloro-6
      phenylphenoxyethylamine, and n-octylamine. Flavin mononucleotide markedly
      enhanced the activity, and 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride
      also enhanced it, but slightly. The microsomal activity was induced by the
      pretreatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene, sodium phenobarbital, or
      polychlorinated biphenyl, and the increments of the activity correlated well with
      those of the specific contents of cytochrome P-450 in microsomes. The reductase
      activity could be reconstituted by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and forms of
      cytochrome P-450 purified from liver microsomes of polychlorinated biphenyl
      induced rats. Among four forms of cytochrome P-450 examined, an isozyme P-448-IId
      which showed high activity in hydroxylation of benzo(a)pyrene catalyzed most
      efficiently the reduction of 1-nitropyrene. The results of this study indicate
      the central role of cytochrome P-450 in the reductive metabolism of 1-nitropyrene
      in liver microsomes.

PMID- 6430545
TI  - Dietary fat versus caloric content in initiation and promotion of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.
AB  - Enhancement of mammary tumor formation by dietary fat may be mediated via
      increased caloric intake. Three experiments were performed to study this
      relationship in 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-treated female Sprague
      Dawley rats: (a) high- or low-fat isocaloric diets were fed in a crossover
      design; (b) low-fat, high-calorie and high-fat, low-calorie diets were fed in a
      crossover design; (c) pair-fed rats were restricted to 60% of the calories of
      controls with ad libitum access to food beginning 10 days after DMBA
      administration. The pair-fed rats received daily 60% of calories, the same level
      of fiber, and 115% more fat than did rats fed ad libitum. Tumor yield but not
      tumor incidence was greater in rats fed high-fat rather than low-fat isocaloric
      diets prior to initiation of tumorigenesis. A low-fat, high-calorie diet led to
      more tumor incidence and yield than was associated with feeding of a high-fat,
      low-calorie diet. Caloric restriction (although with concomitant intake of more
      fat) led to complete inhibition of tumor formation. These results indicate that
      both high-fat and high-calorie diets exhibit cocarginogenic, not merely
      promotional, properties. Caloric intake may be a greater determinant than dietary
      fat of a tumor-enhancing regimen. Finally, restriction of caloric intake during
      promotion markedly suppresses tumor formation, despite the increased fat content
      of the restricted diet, suggesting a permissive role for calories in tumor
      formation. The possibility remains that alterations in levels of other dietary
      components could also have contributed to the observed effects.

PMID- 6430546
TI  - Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine and recombinant interferon-alpha 2 on
      the growth of a human renal cell adenocarcinoma xenograft in nude mice.
AB  - The effects of human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) and alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as single agents and in combination were studied
      for efficacy against the renal cell adenocarcinoma (JDF-1) in an in vitro
      clonogenic assay and in vivo as xenografts in nude mice. In vitro studies showed
      dose-dependent inhibition of JDF-1 colony formation by IFN-alpha 2. DFMO alone
      did not significantly inhibit colony formation even though ornithine
      decarboxylase activity was significantly inhibited. The combination of IFN-alpha
      2 and DFMO synergistically inhibited JDF-1 colony formation. The synergism was
      more readily observed at low IFN-alpha 2 concentrations. In vivo studies showed a
      similar tumor growth inhibition pattern. JDF-1 tumors were implanted s.c. in nude
      mice, and drugs were administered continuously by Alza minipumps (IFN-alpha 2)
      and in drinking water (DFMO) for 28 days. IFN-alpha 2 alone significantly
      inhibited JDF-1 growth, while DFMO alone had no significant inhibitory effect.
      The combination of IFN-alpha 2 and DFMO inhibited tumor growth in an apparent
      additive manner at the doses used. This was reflected in the mean tumor weights
      obtained at the termination of the experiment: control, 1484 +/- 187 (S.E.) mg;
      DFMO only, 1106 +/- 129 mg; IFN-alpha 2 only, 941 +/- 186 mg; and DFMO plus IFN
      alpha 2, 620 +/- 109 mg. Assessment of mouse natural killer cell activity at the
      time of sacrifice showed that DFMO inhibited natural killer cell activity, while
      IFN-alpha 2 had no effect. DFMO was observed to inhibit ornithine decarboxylase
      activity in JDF-1 tumors by 78%, IFN-alpha 2 by 18%, and the combination by 78%.
      In addition, the drugs individually and in combination had similar inhibitory
      effects on JDF-1 spermidine content. One of the unexpected findings was the
      alteration in the spermine:spermidine ratio in the tumors treated with the
      combination of DFMO and IFN-alpha 2. The ratio in this group decreased to 0.44,
      while ratios for control, IFN-alpha 2 only, and DFMO only were 0.99, 0.66, and
      0.88, respectively. These results clearly show that combined therapy with DFMO
      and IFN-alpha 2 is more effective than is single-drug therapy. The mechanism by
      which these drugs coordinately inhibit tumor growth is unclear but appears to be
      associated with direct inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, possibly by
      modulation of polyamine metabolism.

PMID- 6430547
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in the rat and human colon.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of age, a high-fat diet, sodium deoxycholate, and
      the ornithine analogue alpha-difluoromethylornithine on ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) activity in the rat colon. The relative levels of ODC activity were also
      determined in normal mucosa and tumor tissue from rat and human colon. The
      colonic ODC activity induced by intrarectal instillation of sodium deoxycholate
      in male Sprague-Dawley rats was highest in young animals, and it decreased with
      increasing age. A high level of dietary fat caused both an increased in basal
      colonic ODC activity and enhanced ODC induction by deoxycholate. alpha
      Difluoromethylornithine given in drinking water inhibited, in a dose-dependent
      fashion, deoxycholate-induced ODC activity. The frequency of azoxymethane-induced
      intestinal tumors was also significantly reduced by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine. Since colonic ODC activity is increased in
      carcinogenesis by known promoting agents and decreased by tumor inhibitors, this
      short-term assay may provide a useful system for identifying colon tumor
      promoters and inhibitors. The ODC activity in colon tumors of Sprague-Dawley rats
      was found to be significantly higher than in normal-appearing mucosa in the same
      animals. Similarly, ODC activity in human colon cancer was found to be higher
      than that of the normal-appearing mucosa in the same specimen. These results
      strengthen the utilization of the rat model for studies, the results of which may
      apply to the human situation.

PMID- 6430548
TI  - Effect of melatonin on mammary carcinogenesis in intact and pinealectomized rats
      in varying photoperiods.
AB  - Exposure of female Holtzman rats to constant light (24 hr/day) immediately after
      birth significantly increased 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary
      cancer. Such "functionally pinealectomized" animals also revealed significant
      increase in the circulating level of prolactin and exaggerated development and
      proliferative activity of mammary epithelium, as measured by quantitation of
      terminal end buds and alveolar buds from the whole mounts and by DNA synthesis,
      respectively. Administration of melatonin (500 micrograms/day/rat i.p. given from
      52 to 145 days of age) completely abolished the effect of functional pinealectomy
      by sharply reducing 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced cancer incidence
      from 95% to 25% during the post-9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene observation
      period which lasted up to 180 days. On the other hand, administration of
      melatonin to surgically pinealectomized animals exposed to constant light
      reversed the effect only partially by reducing the cancer incidence from 83% to
      53%. Further, melatonin treatment in intact and surgically pinealectomized
      animals exposed to a short photoperiod revealed qualitatively similar differences
      in suppression of the cancer incidence. From these results, it is concluded that,
      to have an impressive antitumor effect, presence of the pineal gland is
      essential, and the probable site of melatonin action appears to be at both the
      pineal gland and the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6430549
TI  - Interaction between 5-fluorouracil and DNA of human colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the stability of DNA and the synthesis of DNA
      replication intermediates was analyzed in human colon adenocarcinoma cells.
      Density gradient analysis showed that some of the drug is incorporated into DNA.
      Moreover, DNA fragments are released when cells with drug-containing DNA are
      lysed in dilute alkali. The DNA fragments can be separated from the bulk DNA by
      agarose gel electrophoresis. The fragmentation of the DNA can be prevented by
      pretreatment with aphidicolin which inhibits DNA polymerase alpha. In 5
      fluorouracil-treated cells, a heterogeneous population of DNA replication
      intermediates is formed, instead of discrete DNA replication intermediates which
      are formed in untreated cells. Aphidicolin prevents the formation of the
      heterogeneous population of DNA fragments. However, replication intermediates
      formed before the blockade with aphidicolin are ligated to high-molecular-weight
      DNA. In cells released from aphidicolin inhibition, there is preferential
      labeling of the heterogeneous population of DNA fragments. This population,
      therefore, shows the same characteristics as the discrete DNA populations formed
      in untreated cells.

PMID- 6430550
TI  - Expression of pregnancy-specific genes in preneoplastic mouse mammary tissues
      from virgin mice.
AB  - Experimentally induced breast cancer is often preceded by the appearance of
      preneoplastic lesions which possess the attributes of hyperplastic normal tissue.
      These lesions can be isolated and carried as stably transplantable outgrowth
      lines which continue to morphologically resemble differentiating mammary tissue
      (Medina, D. Methods Cancer Res., 7: 3-53, 1973). We established seven serially
      transplantable hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) outgrowth lines from virgin
      mouse mammary tissues following induction by mouse mammary tumor virus,
      dimethylbenz(alpha)-anthracene, and/or pituitary isografts. The expression of
      mammary differentiation-specific casein genes was measured in these hyperplastic
      outgrowths by immunocytochemistry, specific radioimmune precipitation, and blot
      hybridization of total RNA. All seven HAN outgrowth lines were immunologically
      positive for casein both in situ and upon explant culture. Unlike explants from
      normal virgin mouse mammary gland, exposure to insulin, hydrocortisone, and
      prolactin induced an increase in casein synthesis in HAN explant cultures which
      was independent of DNA synthesis. [35S]Methionine-labeled polypeptides
      synthesized in explant cultures of HAN outgrowths freshly isolated from virgin
      hosts were analyzed by radioimmune precipitation and gel electrophoresis. This
      analysis demonstrated that all major species of casein, alpha (Mr 46,000), beta
      (Mr 27,000), and gamma (Mr 25,000), were constitutively (i.e., in the absence of
      lactogenic stimuli) expressed in these preneoplastic alveolar mammary outgrowths.
      In support of this observation, RNA homologous to beta- and alpha-casein cDNA
      probes was often detectable in total RNA preparations from freshly isolated
      fragments of HAN outgrowths. A second mammary differentiation specific gene
      product, alpha-lactalbumin, was also detected in HAN outgrowths both in situ and
      following explant culture. Enzymatically active alpha-lactalbumin was present in
      extracts of freshly isolated HAN outgrowth tissues and was detectable in these
      same tissues by immunoperoxidase. In general, alpha-lactalbumin synthesis was
      increased during explant culture in the presence of lactogenic hormones; however,
      in contrast to casein synthesis, insulin-hydrocortisone-prolactin-induced
      increase in alpha-lactalbumin production in vitro was occasionally dependent upon
      DNA synthesis as it is in explants from normal virgin mouse mammary
      tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6430551
TI  - Localization of adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens by the immunocolloidal
      gold method.
AB  - Adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen (ATLA) and adult T-cell leukemia virus
      (ATLV) antigens were localized in the MT-2 cell system by the immunocolloidal
      gold method using 71 human sera having various anti-ATLA titers and rabbit anti
      ATLV antisera. In the thin-section method with anti-ATLA-positive human sera and
      rabbit antisera, protein A-gold particles were preferentially observed on and
      around sectioned adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virions located in pericellular
      aggregates and within the cytoplasmic vacuoles but nowhere else in a significant
      number. The number of gold particles per ATL virion was statistically well
      correlated with the anti-ATLA titers of human sera applied (p less than 0.005).
      The preembedding method showed that pericellular ATL virions were specifically
      tagged with protein A-gold, but the antigens in question were not expressed on
      the plasma membrane of MT-2 cells. The absence of ATLA and ATLV antigens on the
      plasma membrane constitutes a unique pathobiological feature of ATL and ATLV as
      compared with other retrovirus systems.

PMID- 6430552
TI  - S-phase resistance of rat hematopoietic stem cells to 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene cytocide and its implications for leukemia development.
AB  - In the experimental rat leukemia system, induced by repeated 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) pulses, the sensitivity of the spleen colony
      forming hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-s) to the cytocidal action of a challenging
      DMBA injection (35 mg/kg body weight) varied with the number of pulses already
      applied and the organ source of CFU-s (femoral bone marrow or spleen). Assessment
      of the fraction of DNA-synthesizing CFU-s with the [3H]thymidine suicide
      technique at the time of DMBA challenge and comparison with the 20-hr CFU-s
      reduction values by DMBA in vivo showed an inverse correlation (p less than
      0.001). It was deduced, therefore, that S-phase CFU-s are relatively resistant to
      DMBA cytocide. Since initiation by chemical carcinogens has been shown to be
      relatively S-phase specific, S-phase-resistant cytocide would lead to a selection
      of initiated cells and, in the case of repeated applications, to a selection of
      cells with multiple successive initiation hits. Preferential differentiation and
      organ site of leukemia, as well as evolution in sequential morphological steps,
      fit this assumption.

PMID- 6430553
TI  - Intraclonal conversion from papilloma to carcinoma in the skin of Pgk-1a/Pgk-1b
      mice treated by a complete carcinogenesis process or by an initiation-promotion
      regimen.
AB  - Skin tumors were produced by either a complete carcinogenesis process or an
      initiation-promotion regimen in C57BL/6 X C3H/HeHa F1-Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a mice which
      carried X-chromosome inactivation mosaicism for the phosphoglycerate kinase gene.
      In the complete carcinogenesis process, 200 nmol of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were applied once weekly; in the initiation-promotion
      regimen, a single application of 200 nmol of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was
      followed by twice weekly applications of 17 nmol of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate. Most papillomas produced by either procedure contained only one type of
      phosphoglycerate kinase, suggesting the monoclonal origin of papillomas. When the
      carcinoma developed at the same place where the papilloma was observed, the
      phosphoglycerate kinase type of most carcinomas was consistent with that of the
      original papillomas. This suggests that the malignant tumor develops as a result
      of the intraclonal conversion from the benign tumor.

PMID- 6430554
TI  - N-acetylcysteine and sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate as sources of urinary
      thiol groups in the rat.
AB  - Increasing the urinary output of free thiol groups protects against
      cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity. In the present study, intact rats,
      isolated perfused kidneys, and freshly isolated cells from various rat organs are
      used to compare the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and sodium 2-mercaptoethane
      sulfonate (mesna) as sources of urinary thiols. In intact rats given a single
      i.v. dose of mesna, urinary thiol output is approximately 10-fold higher than in
      rats given an equimolar dose of N-acetylcysteine. this is partly due to the fact
      that N-acetylcysteine is rapidly absorbed by various types of cells, whereas
      mesna is transported selectively to the kidney, and partly to different renal
      handling of the two compounds. The results suggest that mesna is a more favorable
      drug than N-acetylcysteine for increasing urinary thiol excretion.

PMID- 6430555
TI  - Enhancement of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-induced cytotoxicity and DNA
      damage by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in L1210 leukemia cells.
AB  - Polyamine depletion by pretreatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a
      specific and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, potentiates the
      cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in L1210 leukemia
      cells grown in a modified soft agar system. The dose enhancement ratio was 1.97
      at a control colony formation level of 5%. The basis for this enhancement was
      investigated at the level of DNA damage using a modified fluorometric assay to
      quantitate the production of alkaline-labile strand breaks per relative DNA
      molecular mass. Pretreatment of cultured L1210 cells for 48 hr with 5 mM DFMO
      depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine (but not spermine) pools and
      resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in BCNU-induced (10 micrograms/ml, 2 hr) DNA
      strand breaks per relative DNA molecular mass. The inclusion of 10 microM
      spermidine during the DFMO pretreatment fully prevented growth inhibition and
      enhancement of BCNU-induced DNA damage while maintaining cellular spermidine
      pools at control levels. The inclusion of 2 microM putrescine or spermidine also
      prevented growth inhibition and enhancement of DNA damage while maintaining
      spermidine pools at only 25 to 35% of control. Thus, the portion of spermidine
      essential for cell growth appears to be associated with DNA. BCNU itself was
      found to reduce cellular polyamine levels by causing their leakage from cells. In
      addition, BCNU was found to react directly with spermidine in a cell-free system,
      resulting in a major reaction product detectable by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. While decreased interaction of BCNU with polyamines could
      account, in part, for enhancement effects of DFMO, it is more probable that
      alterations in DNA structure secondary to polyamine depletion are responsible for
      these effects.

PMID- 6430556
TI  - Lymphokine-induced migration inhibition of murine tumor cells derived from solid
      neoplasms.
AB  - We have previously described a noncytotoxic lymphokine, tumor migration
      inhibition factor, with the capacity of inhibiting the in vitro migration of a
      variety of tumor cells maintained by animal passage in ascitic form. In the
      present study, we demonstrate that it is possible to prepare viable, motile tumor
      cell suspensions from solid tumors and that those cells migrate better than cells
      that had been propagated in ascitic form. Such preparations derived from solid
      tumors are inhibited by tumor migration inhibition factor to a degree comparable
      to that achieved with cells from ascitic tumors. Comparative studies utilizing a
      methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma as well as solid and ascitic forms of
      P815 mastocytoma and Ehrlich tumor demonstrate that responsiveness to tumor
      migration inhibition factor is not merely a property conferred upon tumor cells
      by prior animal passage in suspension. These results provide a further suggestion
      that the capacity for lymphokine-induced migration inhibition is a general
      property of tumor cells. This in turn raises the possibility that this capacity
      might vary in a predictable manner with malignant potential.

PMID- 6430557
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study of partially pure gamma-interferon in cancer patients.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study was performed with partially pure immune (gamma)
      interferon (IFN-gamma) in patients with metastatic cancer. Nine patients were
      given IFN-gamma by the i.m. route in doses ranging from 1.5 X 10(5) to 9.6 X
      10(6) antiviral units. There was no detectable antiviral activity in patients'
      serum, and only minimal side effects were observed. Fifteen patients were given
      IFN-gamma by i.v. bolus infusion in doses ranging from 1.5 X 10(5) to 54 X 10(6)
      units. Serum clearance of antiviral activity was described by a monoexponential
      disappearance curve. The serum half-life was dose dependent (3 min at the lower
      doses and 34 min at the highest doses). There were few consistent biological
      effects observed in the patients. Based on these pharmacokinetic data, eight
      patients were treated by a 6-hr continuous infusion consisting of 3 X 10(6) units
      by i.v. bolus followed by 4 X 10(6) units/hr for 6 hr. This regimen resulted in
      consistent serum levels of IFN-gamma ranging from 40 to 60 units over the 6-hr
      period. Marked granulocytopenia occurred within 24 hr and was sustained during
      the 10-day infusion period. There was marked increase in serum beta 2
      microglobulin. We conclude that, in order to induce consistent serum antiviral
      activity, partially pure IFN-gamma, because of its rapid serum disappearance
      curve, must be administered by continuous i.v. infusion.

PMID- 6430558
TI  - Development and application of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for 7-N-(p
      hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C.
AB  - An antibody specific for 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C (M-83) was developed
      and used in a simple and sensitive enzyme immunoassay for detection of this
      anticancer drug in serum. The imino group of M-83 was covalently coupled to
      mercaptosuccinyl groups introduced into bovine serum albumin with a cross-linker,
      N-maleoylaminobutyric acid. The resulting conjugate was then used for the
      production of a specific antibody to M-83 in rabbits. Enzyme labeling of M-83 was
      performed using beta-D-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) via m-maleoylbenzoic acid.
      Antibody production was of sufficiently high titer in rabbits to allow the
      development of a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the free drug which
      accurately measures 15 pg of M-83 per assay tube. This assay was monospecific to
      M-83 and showed almost no cross-reactivity with a variety of other mitomycin
      analogues (mitomycin A, B, and C; porfiromycin; and acetylmitomycin C). Using
      this assay, preliminary pharmacokinetic study was undertaken using serial serum
      samples obtained from a patient who received the drug i.v., revealing a biphasic
      fashion of the kinetics, with an alpha-serum half-life of 9.7 min and a beta
      serum half life of 80 min. An i.v. injection of M-83 into rats and assay of serum
      concentration revealed a similar biphasic response with an alpha-serum half-life
      of 8.3 min and a beta-serum half-life of 62 min.

PMID- 6430559
TI  - Randomized trial of hexamethylmelamine versus 5-FU, doxorubicin, and
      cyclophosphamide (FAC) in advanced transitional cell bladder carcinoma: a
      Southwest Oncology Group study.

PMID- 6430560
TI  - Nonaggressive combination chemotherapy for resistant immunocytoma.
AB  - Two patients with advanced immunocytomas who had become resistant to conventional
      chemotherapy with developing pancytopenia were given cyclical courses of
      bleomycin, doxorubicin, vindesine, and prednisolone. Both patients showed an
      excellent response with recovery of peripheral blood cell counts, marked
      reduction in marrow involvement, and an increased sense of well-being.

PMID- 6430561
TI  - [Evaluation of the possible use of glutaraldehyde for disinfection and
      sterilization].

PMID- 6430562
TI  - [Role of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the regulation of thyrotropic hormone
      secretion (TSH) and the maintenance of the euthyroid state in healthy persons].

PMID- 6430563
TI  - Effects of angiographic contrast medium on left ventricular function: evaluation
      by contrast angiography and radionuclide angiography.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of angiographic contrast
      medium on left ventricular (LV) function in 26 patients undergoing diagnostic
      cardiac catheterization. Beat-by-beat analysis during contrast ventriculography
      showed that the ejection fraction (EF) was lower in the last beats than in the
      first beats (P less than .02). Radionuclide angiograms were obtained the day
      before, as well as 15 to 65 minutes after catheterization, which included
      contrast ventriculography and coronary anteriography. The EF by radionuclide
      angiography was lower after catheterization than before (43 +/- 14% vs 47 +/-
      17%, P less than .01). The EF decreased by greater than or equal to 5% in 11 of
      the 26 patients (42%) after catheterization. The decrease in EF in some patients
      was observed up to 65 minutes after catheterization and was not associated with
      symptoms or ST-T changes. The EF decreased in only one of nine patients who
      received nitroglycerin during catheterization, whereas it decreased in 10 of 17
      patients who did not receive nitroglycerin (P less than .05). The EF decreased in
      9 of 14 patients (64%) who had normal resting LV function, whereas it decreased
      in only 2 of 12 patients (17%) who had abnormal resting function (P less than
      .05). Thus, contrast material may depress LV function up to 1 hr and is more
      frequent in patients with normal resting EF. The use of nitroglycerin during
      catheterization may mask this effect.

PMID- 6430564
TI  - The Drosophila ras oncogenes: structure and nucleotide sequence.
AB  - Three Drosophila genes homologous to the Ha-ras probe were isolated and mapped to
      positions 85D, 64B, and 62B on chromosome 3. Two of these genes (termed Dras 1
      and Dras 2) were sequenced. In the case of Dras 1, which contains multiple
      introns, a cDNA clone was isolated and sequenced. In the case of Dras2, the
      nucleotide sequence fo the genomic clone was determined. Each gene codes for a
      protein with a predicted molecular weight of 21.6 kd. Alignment of the amino acid
      sequence of Dras 1 with the vertebrate Ha-ras protein shows that at the amino
      terminus and central portion (residues 1-121 and 137-164) the two proteins are
      remarkably similar, and have an overall homology of 75%. The Dras 2 gene lacks
      significant homology to the vertebrate counterpart at the extreme amino terminus
      and is homologous only between positions 28-120 and 139-161 (overall homology of
      50%). This result suggests that the N terminus of p21 forms a distinct regulatory
      or functional domain. At the carboxy terminus, the major region of variability
      among the vertebrate ras proteins, the two Drosophila sequences also display
      considerable variability. However, both appear to be more similar to exon 4B of
      the Ki-ras gene.

PMID- 6430565
TI  - Isolation of the putative structural gene for the lysine-arginine-cleaving
      endopeptidase required for processing of yeast prepro-alpha-factor.
AB  - S. cerevisiae kex2 mutants are defective for the production of two biologically
      active secreted peptides: killer toxin and the mating pheromone, alpha-factor.
      Both molecules are excised from larger precursor polypeptides. In normal cells,
      the alpha-factor precursor is core-glycosylated and proteolytically processed
      intracellularly. In kex2 mutants, however, prepro-alpha-factor is not
      proteolytically cleaved and is secreted in a highly glycosylated form. All kex2
      mutants examined (three independent alleles) lack a Zn++-sensitive membrane
      associated endopeptidase with specificity for cleaving on the carboxyl side of a
      pair of basic residues. Absence of this activity cosegregates with the other
      phenotypes of a kex2 lesion in genetic crosses. The normal KEX2 gene was isolated
      by complementation of three of the phenotypes conferred by the kex2-1 mutation.
      The cloned DNA, either on a multicopy plasmid or integrated into the genome,
      restores both enzymatic activity in vitro and the normal pattern of proteolytic
      processing and glycosylation of prepro-alpha-factor in vivo. Gene dosage effects
      suggest that KEX2 is the structural gene for the endopeptidase.

PMID- 6430566
TI  - A gene that regulates the bithorax complex differentially in larval and adult
      cells of Drosophila.
AB  - Loss-of-function mutations of a new homeotic gene, sxc, in Drosophila cause
      transformations of body segments, suggesting inappropriate expression of BX-C and
      ANT-C genes. I present evidence that sxc+ is required during embryogenesis for
      the selective repression of the BX-C in different larval segments and show that
      this requirement may be met entirely by maternally derived gene product. sxc+ is
      also required later in development to ensure the appropriate expression of ANT-C
      and BX-C genes in adult thoracic and abdominal segments. Absence of sxc+ in the
      mesothorax apparently results in the ectopic expression of the bx+ (or Ubx+)
      function in both the anterior and posterior compartments; this suggests that pbx
      mutations may define a regulatory rather than a structural function.

PMID- 6430567
TI  - Cloning and transcriptional analysis of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu of
      Drosophila.
AB  - In the course of studying the Antennapedia (Antp) locus, we found that one of the
      3' Antp exons has weak cross-homology to another gene affecting segmentation,
      fushi tarazu (ftz; meaning "not enough segments"), which is 30 kb to the left of
      Antp. Homozygous ftz- embryos die before hatching and lack alternate body
      segments. The reduced number of segments results from the fusion of the anterior
      portion of one segment with the posterior portion of the next segment. The ftz
      gene encodes a single 1.9 kb poly(A)+ RNA expressed exclusively from the early
      blastoderm to gastrula stages of embryonic development. The structure of the ftz
      gene has been analyzed by S1 nuclease mapping and by restriction mapping of a
      cDNA clone. The ftz gene consists of two exons, and it is the 3' exon that cross
      hybridizes with the 3' exon of Antp. The role of ftz in cell determination is
      discussed.

PMID- 6430568
TI  - Spatial distribution of transcripts from the segmentation gene fushi tarazu
      during Drosophila embryonic development.
AB  - The locus fushi tarazu appears to be involved in the establishment of the
      segmentation pattern of the Drosophila embryo. The cuticle of ftz mutant embryos
      is missing structures in alternating segments such that only half the normal
      number of segments are present. We have localized ftz+ transcripts in tissue
      sections of wild-type Drosophila embryos by in situ hybridization. Transcripts
      from the ftz+ gene were first detected during nuclear cleavage prior to cell
      formation. During the last two nuclear divisions ftz+ transcription becomes
      gradually restricted such that at the cellular blastoderm stage the ftz+
      transcripts are localized in seven evenly spaced bands of cells. The size of each
      band is similar to the size of the segment primordia at the blastoderm. By the
      time segmentation becomes morphologically distinct ftz+ transcripts are no longer
      detected. These results suggest that the ftz+ gene plays a key role in the
      determination of the segmentation pattern in the embryo.

PMID- 6430569
TI  - A molecular analysis of fushi tarazu, a gene in Drosophila melanogaster that
      encodes a product affecting embryonic segment number and cell fate.
AB  - Mutations at the fushi tarazu locus in Drosophila melanogaster affect both
      segment number and the pattern of cuticular structures on alternating segments of
      embryos. The ftz gene has been cloned and characterized. Two mutations, ftzw20
      and ftzRpl are associated with lesions in a 3.2 kb fragment of DNA cloned in the
      Antennepedia Complex (ANT-C) chromosome "walk." The structure of DNA isolated
      from the ftzw20 and ftzRpl chromosomes indicates that the mutations are
      associated with a 4.9 kb insertion of DNA and a chromosomal rearrangement
      breakpoint, respectively. The 3.2 kb genomic DNA fragment hybridizes to a 1.8 kb
      polyadenylated transcript which accumulates maximally at 2-4 hr of embryonic
      development. The ftzw20 and ftzRpl mutations have different phenotypic
      consequences for the developing embryo, although both mutations interrupt the 1.8
      kb transcription unit. The genetic and molecular data indicate that the 1.8 kb
      transcript derives from the ftz locus. The gene products are synthesized and
      utilized several hours prior to the visibly detectable morphogenetic events which
      the gene apparently regulates.

PMID- 6430570
TI  - The use of promoter fusions in Drosophila genetics: isolation of mutations
      affecting the heat shock response.
AB  - We have constructed a gene fusion using the promoter of Drosophila hsp70 and the
      structural gene for Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) and used this
      construct to transform Adh-deficient flies. In these transformants, Adh is
      expressed only after heat shock. Like hsp70 itself, this heat-shock-inducible Adh
      (Adhhs) is induced in a wide variety of tissues. It fails to be induced in
      primary spermatocytes. Although the tissue distribution of Adh activity is very
      different from wild type, this does not appear to be deleterious. Indeed, the
      induction of Adhhs allows flies to survive exposure to ethanol. We have used this
      latter characteristic to select dominant, trans-acting mutations that alter the
      response of flies to heat shock.

PMID- 6430571
TI  - Assessment of a role for phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid metabolism in
      human lymphocyte natural cytotoxicity.
AB  - The reagents quinacrine, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone have been assumed to
      affect phospholipase A2 (PA2) when they reduce natural killer (NK) activity.
      However, these reagents did not reduce lymphocyte incorporation of
      [14C]arachidonate, which implies that they are not acting as PA2 inhibitors in
      this lymphocyte system. However, p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), which is an
      active site inhibitor of PA2, irreversibly abrogated NK activity of pretreated
      lymphocytes, disrupted target cell binding, and reduced [14C]arachidonic acid
      incorporation by 70-80% as compared to controls. Other observations contrary to
      expectations for PA2 inhibitors were: (1) quinacrine inhibited NK lysis when
      lymphocytes were pretreated and (2) the glucocorticoids only inhibited NK
      activity when continuously present in the assay. Furthermore, NK inhibition by
      hydrocortisone did not require protein synthesis. The lipoxygenase inhibitors,
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), 5,8,11,14-eicosotetraynoic acid (ETYA), and
      hydroxyphenylretinamide, and not cycloxygenase inhibitors, reduced NK activity.
      These data suggest that arachidonate must be metabolized through the 5
      lipoxygenase pathway in order to function in NK.

PMID- 6430572
TI  - The effect of the administration of cobaltic protoporphyrin IX on drug
      metabolism, carbon tetrachloride activation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The effects of cobaltic protoporphyrin IX (CPP) administration on hepatic
      microsomal drug metabolism, carbon tetrachloride activation and lipid
      peroxidation have been investigated using male Wistar rats. CPP (125 mumol/kg, 72
      h before sacrifice) profoundly decreased the levels of hepatic microsomal heme,
      particularly cytochrome P-450. Consequently, the associated mixed-function
      oxidase systems were equally strongly depressed. An unexpected finding was that
      CPP administration also greatly decreased the activity of NADPH/cytochrome c
      reductase, a result not generally found with the administration of the more
      widely used cytochrome P-450 depleting agents, cobaltous chloride. Activation of
      carbon tetrachloride, measured as covalent binding of [14C] CCl4, spin-trapping
      of CCl3 and CCl4-stimulated lipid peroxidation, was much lower in liver
      microsomes from CPP-treated rats. Other microsomal lipid peroxidation systems,
      utilising cumene hydroperoxide or NADPH/ADP-Fe2+, were also depressed in parallel
      with the decrease in microsomal enzyme activities.

PMID- 6430573
TI  - Reactions of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,4-oxide with methionine, cysteine
      and glutathione in relation to the formation of methylthio-metabolites of
      2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the rat and mouse.
AB  - Non-enzymatic reactions of the 3,4-oxide of 2,2'5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB)
      with methionine or N-acetylmethionine in ethanol/neutral buffer at 37 degrees C
      proceeded very slowly to yield an approx. 1:1 ratio of 3- and 4-methylthio-TCB.
      Under similar conditions reaction of TCB 3,4-oxide with cysteine proceeded about
      100 times more rapidly to yield an approx. 1:1 ratio of 3- and 4-(cystein-S-yl)
      TCB as the major products. Cystein-S-yl-3,4-dihydro-hydroxy-TCB(s) was also
      formed as a minor product from reaction of TCB 3,4-oxide with cysteine in
      dimethyl sulfoxide/neutral buffer. TCB 3,4-oxide did not react detectably with
      glutathione in ethanol/neutral buffer at 37 degrees C or 70 degrees C, but
      reaction in ethanol/pH 8.7 buffer at 37 degrees C proceeded very rapidly to yield
      about a 1:1 ratio of 3- and 4-(glutathion-S-yl)-TCB and of two glutathion-S-yl
      TCB precursors. Glutathion-S-yl-TCB(s) and its precursor(s) were also formed
      rapidly in a rat liver cytosol-catalyzed reaction of TCB 3,4-oxide with
      glutathione at neutral pH. The glutathion-S-yl-TCBs readily degraded upon
      concentration in aqueous alcohol solutions under mild conditions to yield
      compounds tentatively identified as [N-(5-carboxy-1-pyrrolin-2-yl)-1
      glycinocystein-S-yl]-TCBs, (1-glycinocystein-S-yl)-TCBs and 2-oxopyrrolidine-5
      carboxylic acid. Rats given a single dose of TCB excreted about 0.07% of the dose
      in the feces during the first 4 days as 3-methylthio-TCB, 4-methylthio-TCB, 4
      methylsulfonyl-TCB, methylthio-hydroxy-TCBs (tentatively identified) and mercapto
      TCB(s) (tentatively identified) in about a 1:5:0.1:0.1:0.05 ratio, respectively.
      Rats given an equimolar dose of TCB 3,4-oxide excreted similar ratios of these
      fecal metabolites in approx. 10-fold greater quantities. Mice given TCB excreted
      about 0.1% of the dose in the feces during the first 4 days as 3-methylthio-TCB,
      4-methylthio-TCB and 3-methylsulfonyl-TCB in about a 1.5:1:0.05 ratio,
      respectively. Methylthio-TCBs were not detected (less than 0.0004% of the dose)
      in the bile of a cannulated rat given a single dose of TCB. About 1.5% of the TCB
      dose was excreted in the bile as glutathion-S-yl-TCB(s) and its precursor(s).
      Collectively, the data indicate that TCB 3,4-oxide is a primary metabolic
      intermediate in the formation of methylthio-metabolites of TCB.

PMID- 6430574
TI  - Interaction between human leukocyte elastase and chondroitin sulfate.
AB  - Chondroitin sulfate (Structum) interacts with human leukocyte elastase, a potent
      mediator of articular cartilage degradation, producing a partial inhibition of
      the enzyme activity (60% at saturation). Kinetically, the inhibition mechanism
      can be classified as simple intersecting, hyperbolic noncompetitive and is almost
      identical to that found earlier for similar compounds. The best inhibitory
      activity of chondroitin sulfate was found in fractions having at the same time a
      high proportion of chondroitin-6-sulfate relative to the corresponding 4-isomer
      and a high molecular mass. Thus, a fraction with high Mr and containing 92% of
      isomer 6 inhibited leukocyte elastase with Ki = 1.8 micrograms/ml, whereas a
      fraction with low Mr and almost equal composition of the 4- and 6-isomer had Ki =
      140 micrograms/ml. Ki for unfractionated chondroitin sulfate was 3.4
      micrograms/ml. It is suggested, that the modulation of the extracellular activity
      of cartilage-degrading enzymes by cartilage-derived factors may explain, at least
      in part, the beneficial effects of some therapeutically used chondroprotective
      agents.

PMID- 6430575
TI  - Characterization of aldose reductases Ia and Ib from rabbit lens.

PMID- 6430576
TI  - Inhibition of aldose reductases from rabbit lens by oxazole derivatives.

PMID- 6430577
TI  - Studies on peptides. CXIX. Synthesis of growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF-40
      OH).

PMID- 6430579
TI  - [Nursing of patients with hypoproteinemia treated with amino acid compound
      preparations].

PMID- 6430578
TI  - Studies on peptides. CXX. Synthesis of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF-37
      NH2) and N alpha-biotinyl-GRF-44-NH2.

PMID- 6430580
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 51 cases with Salmonella Group B infection].

PMID- 6430581
TI  - Relation of family history of hypertension to platelet aggregation, ratio of
      total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and urinary kallikrein excretion.
AB  - Some of the relatively easily measurable and possibly hypertension-associated
      parameters were evaluated in thirty normotensive young subjects divided into the
      PHT (either parent hypertensive) group and the PNT (both parents normotensive)
      group. In subjects of the PHT group, the platelet aggregating sensitivity to the
      arachidonic acid and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol were
      significantly (p less than 0.05) increased while urinary kallikrein excretion was
      decreased without simultaneously significant elevation of blood pressure. The
      enhanced platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the
      increased ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol suggest that subjects
      with a positive family history of hypertension might have a greater tendency to
      atherosclerosis and could contribute to the development of essential
      hypertension. Decreased urinary kallikrein excretion suggests that the
      vasodepressive activity of the kallikrein-kinin system might be inhibited in
      subjects with a positive family history of hypertension.

PMID- 6430582
TI  - High density lipoprotein and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The serum HDL2-C, HDL3-C, apo AI and apo AII levels were measured in the non
      insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDD) and normal subjects to study the
      metabolism of HDL in the diabetics. The serum HDL2-C levels in the insulin
      treated group were significantly higher than those in the normal group in which
      the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), obesity index and age were matched
      whereas there was no difference between the serum HDL2-C levels in the oral agent
      treated group or group treated by diet only and those in the normal group. These
      suggest that insulin increases the HDL2-C levels and the increase of the HDL2-C
      levels is not directly related to changes in the serum TC and TG levels, obesity
      index and age. No significant differences in the serum apo AI and apo AII levels
      were found between the insulin group and normal group. From these results it is
      suggested that in the insulin group the cholesterol/apoprotein ratio in the HDL2
      is higher than that in the normal group. The serum apo AI and apo AII levels were
      significantly lower in the diabetics with an ischemic heart disease (IHD) than
      those in the diabetics without the IHD. The results show that in the diabetics
      the apo AI and apo AII play an important role in preventing the development of
      IHD.

PMID- 6430583
TI  - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene--DNA adducts in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans
      female rats: the relationship of DNA adducts to mammary cancer.
AB  - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a powerful carcinogen to the mammary
      gland of the pubescent female Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rat but is a much less potent
      inducer of mammary adenocarcinoma in the female Long-Evans (L.E.) rat of the same
      age. The livers of both strains are refractory to DMBA. The maximum levels of
      DMBA--DNA adducts formed, in both the mammary gland and liver following i.p.
      administration of [3H]DMBA (21 mumol) were significantly higher (p less than
      0.01) in the resistant L.E. strain than the sensitive S.D. strain. Maximal levels
      of DMBA--DNA adducts were observed at approximately 48 h post administration of
      the hydrocarbon for both organs of both strains. For the S.D. animals no
      significant loss of adducts (relative to the 48 h maxima) was observed from
      either organ at the last time point (336 h). In contrast both organs of the L.E.
      strain showed some evidence of adduct removal. Analysis of the DMBA-
      deoxyribonucleoside adducts by h.p.l.c. following enzymatic hydrolysis of the
      purified DNA showed that A-ring diol-epoxide adducts of both DMBA and a major
      metabolite 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7OHM-12MBA) were present
      in both organs from both strains. In both strains the levels of 7OHM-12MBA
      adducts were less, relative to the DMBA adducts, in the mammary gland than in the
      liver. With respect to specific adduct removal, L.E. animals removed
      approximately 70% of the identifiable adducts from the liver DNA in the 48 h to
      336 h (12 d) time period. In contrast the S.D. animals showed no such capability
      for removing these adducts during this same time frame. These observations
      indicate that some factor(s) in addition to, or in conjunction with, the levels
      of DMBA--DNA adducts initially formed are responsible for the overall relative
      sensitivities of the S.D. and L.E. mammary gland to this hydrocarbon. One such
      parameter might be the relative propensity for specific adduct removal or the
      relative capacity of the two strains to repair DMBA-induced DNA damage.

PMID- 6430584
TI  - Azoreductase activity of Sprague Dawley and Wistar-derived rats towards both
      carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic analogues of 4-dimethylaminophenylazobenzene
      (DAB).
AB  - Azoreductase activity towards the hepatocarcinogen p
      dimethylaminophenylazobenzene (DAB) and four analogues has been measured in vitro
      in the liver and caecum of Sprague Dawley (Alpk/SD) and Alderley Park (Alpk/AP
      Wistar-derived) rats. Two carcinogenic DAB analogues, 3'-methyl-p
      dimethylaminophenylazobenzene (3M) and 6-p-dimethylaminophenylazobenzothiazole
      (6BT) and two non-carcinogenic analogues, 4-N-pyrrolidinylazobenzene (4N) and 5-p
      dimethylaminophenylazoindazole (5I) have been examined. The azoreductase activity
      towards DAB of a 9000 g supernatant of liver homogenate was greater in the SD
      than the AP strain between 6 and 13 weeks of age, but comparable to that of AP
      rats at 4 weeks of age. The activity towards DAB fell in both strains with
      increasing age. Animals of both strains fed a riboflavin-low diet (2-3 mg kg-1)
      had reduced azoreductase activity with DAB when compared to a standard diet at
      all ages studied, although the difference was less marked in the AP rats. 3M and
      4N were azoreduced by the livers of both strains of rat fed a standard diet at a
      rate of approximately 50% of that of DAB, whereas 5I and 6BT were cleaved at a
      much lower rate (5-20%). All the chemicals were reduced by an oxygen-insensitive
      enzyme in the liver preparation, as has previously been reported for DAB. DAB, 3M
      and 6BT were reduced at a similar rate to each other by a fraction containing
      caecal contents, both in and between the two strains of rat. Similarly, 4N and 5I
      were reduced by a caecal preparation at a similar rate to each other in and
      between both strains of rat, but at a rate of only 30-50% that shown by DAB, 3M
      and 6BT. In contrast to the conditions required by the liver azoreductase enzyme,
      anaerobic conditions were required for maximal activity of the caecal
      preparation. Liver azoreductase activity towards all the DAB analogues was
      reduced in both strains of rat maintained on a riboflavin-low diet, while the
      caecal azoreductase activity was unaffected. Neither the activity profile
      observed in vitro in the liver nor the caecum was found to correlate with the
      relative carcinogenicity reported for these compounds, suggesting that other
      factors are more important in determining this toxicity for the series of azo
      chemicals examined in this study.

PMID- 6430585
TI  - Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol
      9,10-epoxide to protein-binding products and glutathione conjugates in isolated
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Isolated hepatocytes from 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated rats metabolized
      trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) and (+/-)-7 beta,8
      alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti
      BPDE) to water soluble conjugates including glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Under
      the conditions employed 35% of total water soluble products derived from BP-7,8
      diol could be accounted for by GSH conjugates. The corresponding figure for anti
      BPDE was estimated to be greater than or equal to 80%. Isolated hepatocytes
      metabolized BP-7,8-diol and anti-BPDE to GSH conjugates at maximal rates of 0.5
      and 9 nmol per 10(6) cells per min, respectively. Thus, identifying the rate
      limiting step in the reaction sequence as the metabolism of BP-7,8-diol to the
      GSH conjugating intermediates. In addition to the direct conjugation of anti-BPDE
      with GSH, anti-BPDE but not the corresponding BP-tetraols, was further
      metabolized to reactive intermediates that subsequently bound to cellular
      proteins or reacted with GSH forming water soluble conjugates. The identity or
      identities of these novel reactive intermediates is discussed.

PMID- 6430586
TI  - 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene--DNA binding in mouse skin: response of different
      mouse strains and effects of various modifiers of carcinogenesis.
AB  - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)--deoxyribonucleoside adducts formed in
      mouse skin DNA were quantified in order to determine whether these changed in any
      systematic fashion under conditions where the tumorigenic activity of DMBA is
      modified. Similar distributions of adducts were found in male NIH Swiss mice and
      C57BL mice which exhibit different sensitivities to initiation-promotion using
      DMBA as initiator, though in both these strains of mice the bay region syn
      dihydrodiol epoxide is responsible for a greater fraction of total binding at
      higher DMBA doses. Pretreatment with various chemicals known to inhibit the tumor
      initiating activity of DMBA in mouse skin did not lead to selective inhibition of
      the formation of any adduct in female NIH Swiss mice. However, the effects of
      these agents ranged from a clear inhibition of overall DNA binding (7,8
      benzoflavone) to little or no effect on overall binding (butylated
      hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene). The lack of any effect of the
      antioxidants on DMBA--DNA adduct formation suggests that they may affect some
      step in tumor initiation other than adduct formation.

PMID- 6430587
TI  - Characterization, localization and regulation of a novel phenobarbital-inducible
      form of cytochrome P450, compared with three further P450-isoenzymes, NADPH P450
      reductase, glutathione transferases and microsomal epoxide hydrolase.
AB  - Two cytochromes P450 (PB1 and PB2) have been isolated from the livers of rats
      treated with phenobarbital. PB2 (mol. wt. 53 500) is novel and is the first
      example of a phenobarbital-inducible enzyme with a Soret peak at 447 nm. Using an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, some immunochemical and structural
      similarities were observed between these cytochromes. PB1 and PB2 were induced by
      phenobarbital, Aroclor 1254, trans-stilbene oxide and to a lesser extent by
      isosafrole. Immunohistochemical localization of these proteins in the liver of
      untreated rats showed PB1 to be localized in a large area and PB2 in a narrow
      range of cells around the central vein. This demonstrates the heterogeneity of
      hepatocytes even within the centrilobular area and indicates that the synthesis
      of these two proteins is regulated differently although both are induced by the
      same agent, phenobarbital. Two 3-methylcholanthrene inducible cytochromes MC1
      (mol. wt. 54 500) and MC2 (mol. wt. 57 000) were present at very low levels, MC2
      mostly in the periportal region but also diffusely distributed throughout the
      lobule including some centrilobular cells, MC1 concentrated in the centrilobular
      region. The localization of two major groups of glutathione transferases (GST's)
      was also different. 'C' type proteins (Yb Yb') and microsomal epoxide hydrolase
      (EH), were concentrated around the central vein, whereas the 'B' type proteins
      (Ya Yc) and cytochrome P450 reductase were distributed in a larger area of this
      region. Thus, the localization was different for some members of the same enzyme
      family, whilst similarities in the localization existed across the border of the
      families: (i) PB2, MC1, EH and GST 'C' type proteins were concentrated in a
      narrow area around the central vein; (ii) PB1 and GST 'B' type proteins occupied
      a large centrilobular area; (iii) MC2 levels were very low, predominantly
      periportal but also diffusely distributed throughout the lobule. Treatment of the
      animals with inducers increased the staining intensity and in several cases
      extended the areas of cells containing these proteins over the adjacent zone
      without fundamentally altering their distributions. However, treatment with beta
      naphthoflavone led to a shift of MC1 to the periportal area. This suggests that
      the expression of these proteins in certain cells is not an irreversible quality
      of differentiation but depends on the degree of suppression and derepression of
      regulatory components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6430588
TI  - Partnership with fathers in combating malnutrition: their views as to causes and
      treatment of protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - Fathers of children suffering from overt protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
      attending our Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were visited
      at their homes to enquire, by means of interview, about their perceptions of the
      local names given to PEM, its causes and treatment. From the 56 homes visited, 23
      fathers were met and participated in the study. Approximately 44% of the fathers
      recognized PEM as a cause of childhood disease. About 35% of the respondents
      attributed the cause of PEM to childhood infection and 26% attributed it to
      congenital disease transferred from pregnant mothers. One-sixth of the fathers
      were able to link PEM to lack of good feeding. Hospital-based treatment was
      advocated by 70% of the fathers, whilst 13% opted for traditional medicine and
      17% opted for modern medicine. About 35% of the fathers were of the view that
      child welfare should be mainly the responsibility of the mother. Ignorance,
      prolonged absence of fathers from the home and poor sanitation were found to be
      some of the important aetiological factors of PEM. Strategies for prevention of
      PEM through active involvement by the fathers, and the vital role of home visits
      are discussed.

PMID- 6430589
TI  - The time course of action potential repolarization affects delayed
      afterdepolarization amplitude in atrial fibers of the canine coronary sinus.
AB  - The effects of changing the time course of action potential repolarization on the
      amplitude and coupling interval of delayed afterdepolarizations were studied in
      small preparations of coronary sinus atrial fibers exposed to catecholamines.
      Repolarization was accelerated or retarded by current pulses passed through an
      intracellular microelectrode in the depolarizing or repolarizing direction.
      Acceleration of repolarization decreased the amplitude of delayed
      afterdepolarizations, prolonged their coupling interval to the action potential
      upstroke, and prevented triggered activity. Prolonging the time for
      repolarization increased afterdepolarization amplitude, shortened the coupling
      interval, and caused triggered activity. The afterdepolarization amplitude and
      coupling interval had a linear relationship to the duration of the action
      potential plateau. In some preparations, the action potential plateau increased
      spontaneously at stimulation rates that caused afterdepolarization amplitude to
      increase and triggering to occur, and this may have contributed to the occurrence
      of triggering. The effects of action potential repolarization on delayed
      afterdepolarizations suggest that pharmacological agents such as antiarrhythmic
      drugs which alter action potential duration should influence
      afterdepolarizations. Drugs which shorten action potential duration might prevent
      triggered activity from occurring, whereas drugs which prolong duration might
      cause triggering.

PMID- 6430590
TI  - Binding of charged ferritin to alveolar wall components and charge selectivity of
      macromolecular transport in permeability pulmonary edema in rats.
AB  - Rat lungs were inflated and incubated in either anionic or cationic ferritin, and
      alveolar and capillary basement membranes were examined by electron microscopy.
      Cationic ferritin bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the external surface
      of the alveolar basement membrane, whereas cationic ferritin bound to the lamina
      densa of the capillary basement membranes. Anionic and cationic ferritin was also
      perfused through the pulmonary circulation of lungs isolated from control rats
      and rats previously injected with alpha-naphthylthiourea, which produces
      permeability pulmonary edema. Neither anionic nor cationic ferritin leaked from
      the pulmonary capillaries in perfused controls; cationic, but not anionic,
      ferritin adhered to endothelial cell surfaces. In lungs with alpha
      naphthylthiourea pulmonary edema, perfused for 2-15 minutes, anionic ferritin
      leaked from pulmonary capillaries into the alveolar interstitium and alveolar
      space, while cationic ferritin remained within the capillary lumen. Five times as
      much anionic ferritin appeared in the capillary basement membranes on the thick
      side of the alveolar wall, as in the alveolar basement membranes on the thin side
      of the alveolar wall. In alpha-naphthylthiourea lungs perfused for 45-60 minutes,
      cationic ferritin also leaked through the injured endothelium and bound twice as
      much to the alveolar as the capillary basement membranes. The negatively charged
      pulmonary capillary endothelium, the positively charged capillary basement
      membranes, and the negatively charged alveolar basement membranes may influence
      the transport of macromolecules from the pulmonary circulation in permeability
      pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6430591
TI  - Diltiazem-induced blockade of sympathetically mediated constriction of normal and
      diseased coronary arteries: lack of epicardial coronary dilatory effect in
      humans.
AB  - To determine mechanisms of benefit from diltiazem, 13 patients with coronary
      disease performed sustained isometric handgrip exercise and repeated the
      procedure during intravenous infusion of diltiazem (0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by
      0.003 mg/kg/min). Cardiovascular responses to handgrip, diltiazem, their
      combination, and nitroglycerin were assessed by hemodynamic and
      electrocardiographic measurements and by computer-assisted measurements of normal
      and diseased segments of epicardial coronary arteries. Handgrip produced
      increases in heart rate (12%; p less than .001), pulmonary arterial pressure
      (19%; p less than .005), and pulmonary wedge pressure (33%; p less than .005).
      Diltiazem produced significant reductions in heart rate (7%; p less than .05) and
      aortic pressure (14%; p less than .001). Pulmonary arterial pressure and
      pulmonary wedge pressure were unchanged by diltiazem. Diltiazem did not prevent
      the increase in heart rate or in aortic or wedge pressure associated with
      handgrip. Diltiazem prolonged atrioventricular conduction from 0.18 +/- 0.03 to
      0.20 +/- 0.03 sec (p less than .001). Compared with control values, nitroglycerin
      reduced aortic pressure (14%; p less than .005), pulmonary arterial pressure
      (38%; p less than .001), and pulmonary wedge pressure (42%; p less than .005).
      Heart rate was unchanged. The constriction (20%) in lumen area of normal coronary
      arterial segments during handgrip was effectively prevented by infusion of
      diltiazem (1%; p less than .001). Nitroglycerin produced a significantly greater
      increase (20%) in diameter of normal coronary arterial segments than diltiazem
      (3%; p less than .001) and tended to have a more favorable effect than diltiazem
      on stenosis minimum area and flow resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430592
TI  - Luminal release of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 by arteries distal to small
      caliber prosthetic grafts.
AB  - Myointimal hyperplasia distal to prosthetic grafts may be due to a local
      imbalance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 that exaggerates platelet adherence.
      This study evaluated prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production by arteries
      distal to prosthetic grafts. In 12 dogs, control segments of both iliac arteries
      were excised and a 5 cm segment of polytetrafluoroethylene was grafted end to
      end. One iliac artery was circumferentially dissected from the distal anastomosis
      to the inguinal ligament. The contralateral artery was not dissected. Of the 24
      grafts, 19 remained patent and the arteries distal to these grafts were studied.
      After excision, each artery was analyzed for its ability to produce prostacyclin
      and thromboxane A2. Our data indicate that the luminal surface of a normal artery
      spontaneously produces both prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 and that the arterial
      wall distal to a prosthetic graft produces increased levels of these arachidonic
      acid metabolites. However, only those arteries not surgically dissected maintain
      a normal balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. The dissected artery may
      thus be more susceptible to platelet interaction and myointimal hyperplasia.

PMID- 6430593
TI  - Reduction of postischemic myocardial dysfunction by substrate repletion during
      reperfusion.
AB  - We studied the effect of selected metabolic substrates on recovery of myocardial
      function and ATP concentration when added to the reperfusate after normothermic
      ischemia. The hearts of 30 anesthetized, open-chest mongrel dogs were subjected
      to 45 min of global ischemia at 37 degrees C followed by 90 min of reperfusion.
      Left ventricular function curves were generated on right heart bypass before and
      at 30 min intervals after the ischemic period. ATP concentration was measured
      before, at the end of, and 90 min after the ischemic period. Experiments were
      randomized into five groups distinguished by the content of the myocardial
      reperfusate during the first 10 min of the reperfusion period. Hearts received
      either unmodified oxygenated pump blood (control; group I), normothermic
      oxygenated 28 mmol/liter potassium-blood cardioplegic solution (KBC; group II),
      25 mmol/liter glutamate in KBC (group III), 250 mumol/liter adenosine with 1 mg
      erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) and glutamate in KBC
      (group IV), or 2 mmol/liter ribose and glutamate (group V) in KBC. Hearts
      reperfused with KBC showed improvement early (group II vs group I; p less than
      .02) but not late recovery of left ventricular function over control. Glutamate,
      which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates lost during ischemia, increased
      functional recovery (group III vs group II; p less than .002). Ribose, which is
      important in purine salvage and resynthesis, added to glutamate-KBC further
      improved functional recovery (group V vs group III; p less than .01). Adenosine,
      a precursor of ATP, with EHNA, an inhibitor of rapid adenosine catabolism, added
      to glutamate-KBC depressed early recovery (group IV vs group III; p less than
      .01); however, recovery improved with time. Both glutamate and ribose with
      glutamate in KBC improved ATP recovery (groups III and V vs group II; p less than
      .002). Thus selective substrate repletion during initial reperfusion after severe
      normothermic ischemia can improve recovery of myocardial function and ATP
      concentration.

PMID- 6430594
TI  - The relative importance of alkalinity, temperature, and the washout effect of
      bicarbonate-buffered, multidose cardioplegic solution.
AB  - Recent experimental and clinical studies from our institution have shown that the
      administration of cold, bicarbonate-buffered, hyperkalemic crystalloid
      cardioplegic solution resulted in a significant rise in intramyocardial pH. This
      rise could theoretically be caused by (1) the alkalinity of the solution
      administered (pH 8.2 at 25 degrees C), (2) the washout of acid metabolites with
      each administration, and (3) hypothermia per se. To investigate the relative
      effects of each of these three factors on intramyocardial pH, dogs on
      cardiopulmonary bypass received crystalloid cardioplegic solution either at 10
      degrees C (n = 9) or at 37 degrees C (n = 8) every 30 min during 2 hr of aortic
      cross-clamping. Myocardial temperature, intramyocardial pH, and CO2 tension
      (Pmco2) were measured continuously. Needle biopsy specimens were taken every 30
      min for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Before aortic cross-clamping,
      intramyocardial pH was 7.07 +/- 0.06 in both groups (+/- SEM). Upon each
      administration of cardioplegic solution, hearts in the 10 degrees C group cooled
      to 10 degrees to 15 degrees C and intramyocardial pH increased on the average by
      0.31 +/- 0.03 units (p less than .001). In the 37 degrees C group intramyocardial
      pH was unaffected by cardioplegic solution. At the end of the cross-clamping
      period, intramyocardial pH had declined to 6.49 +/- 0.13 in the 10 degrees C
      group and to 5.60 +/- 0.08 in the 37 degrees C group, the fall in pH being
      significantly greater in the 37 degrees C group than in the 10 degrees C group (p
      less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430595
TI  - Assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition.
AB  - We critically review the various methods for assessing protein--calorie
      malnutrition. These tests are lacking in sensitivity and specificity, and
      currently no single one can be used as a reliable indicator of malnutrition.
      However, a combination of several of them can be used as prognostic indicators
      and are of help in selecting patients who may benefit from nutritional support.
      Body-composition analyses and functional tests hold the promise of greater
      applicability in the future. Newer and more nearly accurate tests for use in
      diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition as well as for objectively monitoring
      short-term changes in response to nutritional repletion are badly needed. Despite
      a lack of consensus on the desirability of objective nutritional assessment, we
      expect the use of these procedures in hospitals to increase.

PMID- 6430596
TI  - Influence of the hapten-fluorophore bridge on binding parameters in a
      fluoroimmunoassay for carbamazepine.
AB  - Raising antibodies to a hapten (drug or steroid) requires that it be coupled to a
      carrier protein through a bridge such that the hapten has maximum exposure with
      minimum changes in its configuration. In raising antisera in six sheep against
      carbamazepine (CBZ) coupled to bovine albumin, we found that some subpopulations
      of the antibodies recognized the bridge linking the drug to the carrier protein.
      To study the influence of the bridge on a fluoroimmunoassay for CBZ, we prepared
      four tracers by linking the carbamyl nitrogen of CBZ to fluorescein via four
      alkyl bridges of different lengths and structures. We calculated various binding
      parameters--including antibody affinity, binding capacity, and heterogeneity
      index--for each tracer and chose for the final fluoroimmunoassay the tracer that
      gave the best displacement with CBZ. We then optimized and validated the assay
      for direct measurement of CBZ in serum or plasma. The antibodies are coupled to
      magnetizable particles, which greatly facilitates separation and ensures removal
      of endogenous interferents.

PMID- 6430597
TI  - Formate concentrations in a case of methanol ingestion.
AB  - An eight-month-old infant ingested at least 3.5 g of methanol when he
      accidentally received 5 mL of amoxicillin suspended in 70% methanol. The serum
      methanol concentration 8 h later was 9.7 mmol/L (310 mg/L) and the formate
      concentration 23 mmol/L (1.0 g/L). At 18 h after the ingestion, total CO2 had
      decreased to 6.8 mmol/L. Throughout the second day, 21-32 h after the ingestion,
      the methanol concentration was 2.8-3.4 mmol/L (90-110 mg/L) and that of formate
      was 31-33 mmol/L (1.4-1.5 g/L). On the third day, 46 h after the ingestion,
      methanol was not detected and the formate concentration had declined to 16 mmol/L
      (720 mg/L). The patient was treated with activated charcoal 7 h after the
      ingestion and with ethanol, administered both orally and intravenously, 21 h
      after the ingestion. No abnormalities of the infant's eyes were noted upon
      ophthalmological examination approximately 55 h after the incident.

PMID- 6430598
TI  - DNA and enzyme studies on chorionic villi for use in antenatal diagnosis.
AB  - A study has been undertaken to determine the efficiency of current methods in
      providing an adequate amount of chorionic villus DNA for antenatal diagnosis
      using recombinant DNA techniques or enzyme assay. Chorionic biopsies were
      obtained from 40 women undergoing elective first trimester termination of
      pregnancy (8-12 weeks) under general anaesthesia. The villus tissue was isolated
      from maternal tissue under a dissection microscope and the presence of any
      remaining contamination was ascertained by conventional histology and immuno
      cytochemical examinations. A high level of success was achieved in obtaining a
      pure fetal sample. In the first 20 samples the DNA yield obtained using the
      method of Williamson et al [1] was found to be 0.5 +/- 0.5 micrograms/mg wet
      weight of villus tissue (mean +/- 1 SD). In the subsequent 20 biopsies using a
      modified procedure, the yield was significantly improved to 1.0 +/- 0.65 (p less
      than 0.002). A normal range for the enzyme iduronate sulphatase, which is
      deficient in Hunter's syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II), is also reported. It
      is suggested that as little as 20 mg of chorionic villi may be used to provide
      sufficient material for a reliable study using recombinant DNA or biochemical
      methods.

PMID- 6430599
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase subcomplex with lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency in a
      patient with lactic acidosis and branched chain ketoaciduria.
AB  - The overall and three component activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were
      measured in the liver and muscle from a patient who died at 1.9 years with
      increased concentrations of serum lactate, alpha-ketoglutarate and branched chain
      amino acids. The component activities of both lipoate acetyltransferase and
      pyruvate dehydrogenase were similar to those of normal controls, but the overall
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was 11 to 30% of controls and lipoamide
      dehydrogenase activity was not detected. The overall activity was significantly
      increased by the addition of lipoamide dehydrogenase purified from human liver.
      Immunochemical studies carried out with antibody prepared against lipoamide
      dehydrogenase from rat liver, could detect no immunoreactive material in liver
      and muscle homogenates from the patient, suggesting that the deficiency of
      lipoamide dehydrogenase activity was due to the lack of enzyme protein.

PMID- 6430600
TI  - Measurement of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine in asymptomatic subjects
      with high concentrations of serum TSH and a history of radioiodine therapy.
AB  - Total and free thyroid hormones were measured in a group of asymptomatic subjects
      with high circulating TSH concentrations and a previous history of radioiodine
      therapy. Subjects in the high TSH group all fell within the normal range for
      measurements of total T4, total T3 and T4/TBG ratio. Concentrations of free T4 or
      free T3 were below the normal range in more than half (9 out of 17) of the high
      TSH group suggesting that these measurements are more sensitive indices of
      thyroid failure than measurement of total hormones or T4/TBG ratio.

PMID- 6430601
TI  - Postpartum hypogonadotrophinism: evidence for increased opioid inhibition.
AB  - To investigate a proposed role for endogenous opioids in the inhibition of LH:RH
      gonadotrophin release in the postpartum hypogonadotrophic state, LH and FSH
      responses to naloxone infusion (1.6 mg/h for 2 h) and to a pulse of LHRH (10
      micrograms) were measured in five non breast-feeding women. Sequential studies
      were made at four intervals during the first 25 d postpartum. LH and FSH
      responses to naloxone were absent on Day 10 postpartum, but significant
      increments were observed in all studies performed between Days 13-25 postpartum.
      The relative increments of FSH and LH during naloxone varied as the puerperium
      progressed; a 3-fold greater release of FSH than LH was found on Day 13 to 15
      while the reverse was observed on Day 25. The intermediate days (17-20) yield an
      equal response. There was a positive linear correlation between the LH and FSH
      responses to naloxone infusion and to LHRH. These data suggest that the
      hypogonadotrophinism of the puerperium is due at least in part to increased
      opioid inhibition of LHRH secretion.

PMID- 6430602
TI  - The feminisation of gonadotrophin responses in intact male transsexuals.
AB  - In castrated animals and hypogonadal men other workers have shown an LH surge
      following oestrogen administration similar to that found in the normal female.
      However, there is no evidence that this can be achieved in intact males. We have
      therefore studied male transsexual patients before and after chronic oestrogen
      therapy given for at least three months to feminise the body habitus before
      undergoing plastic surgery. Subjects were assessed for the acute effects of
      oestradiol valerate on sex steroid hormone levels and gonadotrophin responses to
      gonadotrophin releasing hormone. The results showed that longterm treatment could
      transform the normal male pattern of a suppressive effect of oestrogen on
      gonadotrophin release to one where the oestrogen increased LH levels and
      amplified the effect of LHRH on gonadotrophin release. This pattern is similar to
      that found in normal women and indicates that longterm oestrogen treatment to
      males can feminise gonadotrophin responses.

PMID- 6430603
TI  - Alteration of hormone levels in normal males given the anabolic steroid
      stanozolol.
AB  - Anabolic steroids have widespread metabolic effects but, to date, their proven
      clinical indications have been limited. Recently the 17 alpha-alkylated steroid,
      stanozolol, has been shown to be of value in a variety of commonly occurring
      vascular diseases. Its endocrine effects have received little attention and we
      have investigated the effect of administering a 14 d course of stanozolol (10 mg
      orally per day) on a variety of important hormonal pathways in nine healthy male
      subjects. Significant changes occurred as follows: a 55% reduction in serum
      testosterone levels was noted and was accompanied by reductions in 'derived' free
      testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and LH levels; total T4 and T3 levels
      fell in association with a decrease in thyroxine binding globulin, but no
      alteration was detected in TSH or free T4 levels. Changes in vitamin D status,
      with falls in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and vitamin D binding globulin were also
      observed. These effects were reversible on stopping treatment. Stanozolol therapy
      therefore leads to a number of hormonal changes, probably by an action at both
      pituitary and hepatic levels.

PMID- 6430604
TI  - Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia: association with neonatal primary
      hyperparathyroidism, and possible linkage with HLA haplotype.
AB  - A kindred is described, six members of which fulfilled criteria for the syndrome
      of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH). The majority of these individuals
      were asymptomatic: their hypercalcaemia was revealed by biochemical screening
      after parathyroid surgery had failed to diminish the elevated serum calcium
      concentration of the index case. In contrast to those members of the family
      diagnosed as adults, the daughter subsequently born to the index case included in
      her expression of FHH clinical features of severe neonatal primary
      hyperparathyroidism. Four hyperplastic parathyroid glands were excised, and
      following surgical intervention the baby improved clinically and accelerated the
      healing of her skeletal lesions. Her case suggests that an association does exist
      between FHH and neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism. Of the ten individuals at
      risk, inheritance of hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia was paralleled in eight cases
      by inheritance of the HLA haplotype All BW55 CW3 DR4. Such possible linkage has
      not previously been reported.

PMID- 6430605
TI  - The effect of oestrogen (mestranol) on the thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone in postmenopausal oophorectomised women.
AB  - The thyrotrophin (TSH) responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in 16
      oophorectomised postmenopausal women on long term treatment with mestranol 24
      micrograms daily were compared to those in 16 oophorectomised postmenopausal
      women on placebo treatment. No significant difference between the groups was
      found in either basal TSH levels or the TSH response to TRH. It is therefore
      unlikely that the difference in TSH response to TRH between men and women of
      reproductive age is due to a direct stimulatory effect of oestrogen in women.

PMID- 6430606
TI  - Differential diagnosis between hypothalamic and pituitary hGH deficiency with the
      aid of synthetic GH-RH 1-44.
AB  - Synthetic GH-RH 1-44 administered as an intravenous bolus (1 microgram/kg) evoked
      a marked hGH rise (greater than 20 ng/ml) in three children with constitutional
      short stature and in two of eight children diagnosed as having hGH deficiency by
      insulin hypoglycaemia and/or clonidine tests. As judged by the intensity of the
      hGH response to the dose employed and the peak time, GH-RH 1-44 may be as potent
      as GH-RH 1-40 in children. It is concluded that GH-RH is an important addition to
      the endocrine armamentarium, providing the means for differentiation between
      hypothalamic and pituitary hGH deficiency in a simple test which is devoid of
      side effects.

PMID- 6430607
TI  - Suppression of bradykinin-induced renin release by indomethacin in anesthetized
      rats.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of bradykinin on renin
      release in relation to prostaglandins by use of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor, in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. A nonhypotensive dose of
      bradykinin (1 microgram/kg X min), which was infused intrarenally, significantly
      increased plasma renin activity approximately 1.8-fold as compared to the control
      period. In indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.v.)-pretreated rats, bradykinin did not
      significantly increase plasma renin activity. These results suggest that
      bradykinin does not directly increase plasma renin activity and that
      prostaglandins may participate in the bradykinin-induced renin release under
      these experimental conditions.

PMID- 6430608
TI  - Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 6430609
TI  - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute gastric mucosal lesions.
AB  - Stress ulcers are multiple superficial mucosal lesions which occur mainly in the
      fundus of stomachs of seriously ill patients and should be differentiated from
      reactivation of a pre-existent ulcer diathesis, Cushing's ulcer following head
      injury, or drug-induced gastritis. It is generally agreed that luminal acid and
      pepsin are required for ulceration to develop. Experimental evidence suggests
      that backdiffusion of acid is closely related to the formation of ulcers. In the
      absence of overt disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier, ischaemia appears to
      compromise the ability of the gastric mucosa to dispose of backdiffusing acid,
      which then results in a decrease in intramural pH and ulceration. Reflux of
      duodenal contents and diffusion of urea from the blood may contribute to the
      formation of ulcers. Although endoscopic studies have demonstrated gross mucosal
      injury within hours of the stressful event in nearly 100 per cent of patients
      examined, most stress ulcers heal when normal gastric defence mechanisms are
      restored. However, in a small percentage of patients, stress ulceration may lead
      to frank gastrointestinal haemorrhage requiring medical and/or surgical
      intervention. Endoscopic findings in conjunction with the history usually
      differentiates stress ulcer from other bleeding lesions. Angiography may be used
      if endoscopy fails to identify the bleeding site. Most episodes of bleeding from
      stress ulceration resolve on medical management consisting of saline lavage,
      antacids, and adequate supportive measures. Pharmacoangiography with selective
      infusion of vasopressin or embolization may be of benefit in selected patients
      with continued bleeding. Surgery is a last resort and has a predictably high
      mortality. The operation of choice is controversial, but vagotomy, pyloroplasty
      and oversewing the ulcers may be a good initial operation. Continued bleeding
      subsequent to vagotomy and pyloroplasty would require near total gastrectomy.
      Since results of surgical therapy in established stress ulcer disease are poor,
      the prevention of bleeding is the most rational approach to the management of
      this disease. The key to prophylaxis is the maintenance of normal intragastric
      pH. Antacids appear to be superior to cimetidine in preventing bleeding from
      stress ulcers, so long as the gastric content is buffered to a pH of 3.5 or
      greater. In seriously ill patients found in respiratory-surgical intensive care
      units, hourly titration with antacids is the standard against which other forms
      of prophylaxis must be rigidly compared.

PMID- 6430610
TI  - Heterogeneity, polypeptide chain composition and antigenic reactivity of
      autoantibodies (F-42) that are directed against the classical pathway C3
      convertase of complement and isolated from sera of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - F-42, an autoantibody found in the sera of some patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus, was isolated from sera of seven different patients. By binding of
      the autoantibodies to cell bound C42, the autoantibodies were purified to
      homogeneity and radiolabelled with 125I. Purified preparations of 125I-F-42 were
      bound for at least 96% by 10(9) erythrocytes bearing C4bhuC2hu. Analysis of all
      125I-F-42 preparations by SDS-PAGE demonstrated apparent mol. wts of
      approximately 150,000. After reduction in the presence of 8 M urea each 125I-F-42
      preparation yielded heavy and light chains. The heavy chains in some instances
      were slightly heavier than the heavy chain of normal human IgG. The reaction of
      125I-F-42 from the seven patients was positive with Sepharose bound antisera to
      IgG, kappa, lambda, gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3 and in one case to gamma 4. These
      studies indicate that F-42 is an autoantibody directed against antigens expressed
      by the classical C3 convertase, C42.

PMID- 6430611
TI  - IgG heavy chain allotype (Gm), a genetic marker for human chromosome 14q32, and
      haematopoietic malignancies.
AB  - IgG heavy chain constant region allotypes, Gm, the genetic marker of human
      chromosome 14q32, are markers for susceptibility to certain diseases. We tested
      Gm allotypes in 365 patients with various types of haematological malignancies,
      528 healthy controls and 35 healthy HTLV carriers. The frequency of specific Gm
      phenotypes was significantly increased in patients with adult onset null-ALL,
      AML, AMoL and CML in blastic crisis. Among these diseases, the frequency of
      Gm1,2,21 haplotype was significantly increased with adult onset null-ALL, AML and
      AMoL.

PMID- 6430612
TI  - Purified plasminogen activating factor produced by malignant lymphoid cells
      abrogates lymphocyte cytotoxicity.
AB  - Immunosuppression is a generally observed phenomenon in patients with
      malignancies. Here we report that plasminogen activating factor (PAF) produced by
      human (P3HR-1) and simian (B95-8) lymphoid cells of malignant origin abrogates
      lymphocyte cytotoxicity. PAF has been purified from Epstein-Barr (EB) virus
      genome carrying lymphocyte cytotoxicity. PAF has been purified from Epstein-Barr
      (EB) virus genome carrying lymphoid lines by affinity chromatography using lysine
      Sepharose columns. Purified PAF consistently inhibited Killer cell activity
      against the following targets: K-562, EB virus superinfected Raji cells and in
      vitro EB virus transformed autologous B lymphocytes. Furthermore PAF also
      inhibited the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The results presented
      also indicate that PAF affects the effector lymphocytes and not the target cells.
      Taken together, these observations emphasize the importance of factors such as
      PAF, released by malignant cells, as inhibitors/modulators of immune mechanisms
      effective against tumour cells.

PMID- 6430613
TI  - Human tonsil B lymphocyte function. I. The proliferative response to
      Staphylococcus aureus and pokeweed mitogen in relation to surface heavy chains mu
      and delta.
AB  - Human tonsil non-T cells were separated into surface IgD positive (sIgD+),
      surface IgD negative (sIgD-), sIgM+ and sIgM- fractions by rosetting and gradient
      centrifugation with ox red blood cells, coated with immunosorbent purified goat
      anti-human heavy chain antibodies. No activation or suppression was found as a
      result of the separation technique. The sIg patterns of the isolated B cell
      fractions showed the effectiveness of the separations; sIgD+ and sIgM+ fractions
      were to a great extent overlapping populations, but there was a definite
      population of s mu + delta- cells (about 20% of the sIgD- fraction). The isolated
      fractions were tested for proliferative responses to Staphylococcus aureus (Sta)
      and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The sIgM+ fraction showed the best response to Sta,
      eight times better than the sIgM- fraction, while the sIgD+ and sIgD- fraction
      showed equal responses to Sta. The sIgM- fraction responded best to PWM but all
      fractions responded quite well. Our results indicate that PWM is a mitogen to a
      whole variety of rather mature B cells while the Sta target B cell is restricted
      to the relatively immature sIgM+D- and sIgM+D+ cells.

PMID- 6430614
TI  - The distribution of microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody activity among the IgG
      subclasses.
AB  - The IgG subclass distribution of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) and
      thyroid microsomes (MicAb) in 13 Hashimoto's sera has been investigated using an
      ELISA technique based on monoclonal anti-subclass antibodies. Considerable
      subclass restriction was observed with TgAb predominantly but not exclusively
      associated with IgG4 (mean %TgAb activity associated with IgG4 = 60%) and MicAb
      predominantly associated with IgG 1 (mean = 49%) and IgG4 (mean = 38%). The
      tendency for TgAb to be associated with IgG4 accorded with the weak complement
      fixing properties of this antibody whereas the association of MicAb with IgG1 was
      consistent with its complement fixing and cytotoxic properties.

PMID- 6430615
TI  - Study of cellular immunity in experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice.
AB  - This study was undertaken to produce experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice,
      and to examine the role of liver specific lipoprotein (LSP), if any, and of
      cellular immunity in such a model. After immunization of three strains of mice
      (C57BL/6, C3H/He and BALB/c) with syngeneic crude liver proteins, most prominent
      liver changes histologically mimicking human hepatitis were produced in the liver
      of C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Antigenic and immunogenic activity of LSP in the crude
      liver proteins was decreased by the treatment of freezing and thawing, and the
      recovery of the antigenic activity seemed to correlate with the susceptibility of
      immunized mice to the induction of liver damage. Autoantibody against LSP was
      demonstrated in the serum of immunized B6 mice, but not in the sera of other
      strains after immunization. It was also found that EDTA contained in the buffer
      used for purification of LSP distinctly suppressed lymphocyte activity in vivo
      and in vitro. With the use of EDTA free LSP, it was shown that spleen cells of
      immunized B6 mice (especially of T cell enriched fraction) had a high reactivity
      studied by lymphocyte transformation test. Further examination showed that EDTA
      free LSP could induce mild liver lesions and lymphocyte reactivity against LSP,
      although neither histological change nor lymphocyte reactivity was found in the
      liver of B6 mice immunized with EDTA containing LSP.

PMID- 6430616
TI  - Effect of increased bile flow and bile acid secretion on the hepatic elimination
      of sodium valproate in the cat.
AB  - The effect of increased bile flow and hepatic bile acid flux on the systemic
      clearance and hepatic elimination of intravenously administered sodium valproate
      was studied in the bile fistula cat. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDC), tauro-3
      alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid (T12K), SC-2644, and
      secretin were infused intravenously to vary bile flow and biliary bile acid
      secretion. Control animals were infused with 0.15 mol/l NaCl. Less than 1% of the
      drug administered to controls appeared as unchanged valproate in the bile over 6
      h. Although SC-2644, T12K, and secretin significantly increased biliary excretion
      of valproate, it did not exceed 2% of the intravenous dose. Biliary clearance was
      directly related to the rate of bile flow, but not to the bile acid flux. By
      contrast, 18-19% of the dose appeared in bile as metabolite in controls, and none
      of the choleretic agents significantly increased this percentage. As a result,
      systemic clearance of valproate was unaltered. We conclude that the movement of
      unchanged valproate into bile is consistent with a process of simple diffusion.
      The fact that choleretic agents do not increase metabolite excretion into bile
      suggests that metabolite formation may be the rate-limiting step in the hepatic
      elimination of valproate, rather than transport and excretion of metabolites into
      bile.

PMID- 6430617
TI  - Protein-energy malnutrition alters theophylline effect on DNA synthesis in
      neonatal rat brain in vitro.
AB  - The rate of incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA in whole brain in response
      to various concentrations of theophylline was studied in normal and malnourished
      neonatal rats in vitro. Malnutrition appeared to produce an increased sensitivity
      to theophylline. [3H]-Thymidine uptake was significantly increased in normally
      nourished animals at a concentration of 2 X 10(-4) mol/l (36 micrograms/ml),
      while malnourished animals showed a similar effect at 1 X 10(-4) mol/l (18
      micrograms/ml). These data suggest that the nutritional status of a growing organ
      could be important determining the cellular effects of conventionally dosed
      theophylline under clinical conditions.

PMID- 6430618
TI  - Different effects of interventions suppressing free fatty acid metabolism on
      myocardial ischemia.
AB  - We studied the effects of different metabolic interventions, which stimulate
      oxidative myocardial carbohydrate metabolism, on ischemic stress during repeated
      coronary occlusions of three minutes in open-chest dog hearts. Increase of
      glucose concentration in plasma and decrease of peripheral lipolysis by glucose
      insulin-potassium (n = 6) had no substantial beneficial effects on myocardial
      damage indicated by hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and metabolic parameters.
      Infusion of lactate and pyruvate (10 mM, n = 6) was detrimental. Only activation
      of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetate (n = 6) without influence on plasma
      osmolality reduced epicardial ST-segment elevations (-42%) and myocardial release
      of potassium (-36%), phosphate (-58%), and lactate (-39%). Elevations of plasma
      osmolalities by 10 and 20 mOsm with the metabolically inert mannitol increased
      ECG changes, functional loss and release of potassium, phosphate, and lactate
      during ischemia in our model. It is suggested, that the oxygen-saving potency of
      metabolic interventions can exert univocal beneficial effects in experimental and
      in clinical conditions only when systemic hyperosmolality and hypervolemia are
      avoided.

PMID- 6430619
TI  - Does alcohol intensify the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin?
AB  - To evaluate the combined effects of alcohol and nitroglycerin on cardiovascular
      hemodynamics, M-mode echocardiography and sphygmomanometric blood pressure
      measurements were performed on two groups of normal subjects, before and after
      the administration of nitroglycerin, both in the sober state and during alcohol
      intoxication. In the first part of the study, 0.5 mg of nitroglycerin was given
      sublingually to 10 healthy volunteers 5-10 minutes after they had ingested 1 g/kg
      body weight of ethanol within a 30-minute period. Control experiments substituted
      juice for ethanol. The combined effects of ethanol and nitroglycerin on left
      ventricular diameters, systolic blood pressure, and wall stress were not
      significantly different from those of juice and nitroglycerin; heart rate and
      diastolic blood pressure were increased more (p less than 0.01) by ethanol and
      nitroglycerin. In the second part of the study, 1.0 mg of nitroglycerin was
      administered to a second group of 10 healthy volunteers, first in the control
      state and again 60 minutes after the subjects had ingested 1 g/kg body weight of
      ethanol within a 60-minute period. Systolic blood pressure and wall stress were
      significantly lower (p less than 0.01) after ethanol and nitroglycerin than after
      nitroglycerin before ethanol intake. We conclude that the nitroglycerin-induced
      reductions in left ventricular preload and afterload are not increased by alcohol
      during the very early phase of intoxication. However, 1 hour or more after
      alcohol ingestion nitroglycerin may decrease left ventricular afterload to a
      level significantly lower than that seen after nitroglycerin in the sober
      state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430620
TI  - Diverticulum of the urethra: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

PMID- 6430621
TI  - [A case of ankylosing spondylitis with spinal arachnoid diverticula].

PMID- 6430622
TI  - [Histopathological findings of the sural nerve in chronic polyneuropathy
      associated with skin hyperpigmentation and dysglobulinemia--comparison with those
      in chronic polyneuropathy associated with IgM kappa paraproteinemia].

PMID- 6430623
TI  - The antenatal management of the Rh sensitized woman.
AB  - The antenatal management of the Rh-sensitized woman is aimed at delivery of a
      living child with an optimum chance of survival. The author describes the
      improved methods of management that have dramatically reduced associated
      perinatal wastage and then goes on to describe the continuing search for new,
      more effective, and less invasive means of treating the Rh-sensitized pregnancy.

PMID- 6430624
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of antepartum prevention of Rh immunization.
AB  - While antepartum prophylaxis of Rh immunization is much more costly and the
      postpartum program is much more cost-effective, the question is whether the
      antepartum program is sufficiently cost-effective to warrant its use. How, in any
      given region, should the issue be tackled? This article addresses that question.

PMID- 6430625
TI  - The management of hyperbilirubinemia.
AB  - When pre-established "safe" limits of serum bilirubin are exceeded, or when
      hyperbilirubinemia is present in association with other conditions such as
      prematurity with respiratory distress, asphyxia, or neonatal infections, the need
      to lessen the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy requires specific and effective
      interventions to lower the unconjugated or indirect-reacting bilirubin level in
      infants at risk. To this end the authors examine the criteria for intervention,
      the means of decreasing serum bilirubin levels, phototherapy, exchange
      transfusion, and the problem of jaundice in breast-fed infants.

PMID- 6430626
TI  - A micropuncture and renal clearance study in the rat of the urinary excretion of
      heparin, chondroitin sulphate and metabolic breakdown products of connective
      tissue proteoglycans.
AB  - Commercial heparin and acid glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) prepared from normal female
      human urine were tritiated catalytically in aqueous solution. Nasal septal
      chondroitin sulphate was tritiated by NaB3H4 reduction of the aldehydes produced
      by very limited periodate oxidation. The refined products were characterized by
      electrophoresis and biochemical analysis. The tritiated products were infused
      into Munich-Wistar rats, and their kidney clearances were measured and compared
      with that of inulin. The passage of heparin and chondroitin sulphate at the
      glomerulus was restricted, as shown by the ratios of their concentrations in
      Bowman's space fluid and plasma. Comparison with whole kidney urine/plasma ratios
      indicated that some tubular reabsorption also occurred. The low whole kidney
      clearance of AGAG from normal female human urine probably also resulted from
      restricted glomerular passage and tubular reabsorption. The low whole kidney
      clearances, primarily caused by restricted transglomerular movement, are
      discussed on the bases of (a) the molecular sizes and shapes of the AGAG, (b) an
      electrostatic barrier at the basement membrane and (c) binding of AGAG to plasma
      colloids, thus reducing plasma levels of free AGAG. The implications of these
      findings in (a) heparin therapy and (b) urinalysis of disorders of connective
      tissue metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 6430627
TI  - Serum and secretory IgA immune response to Klebsiella pneumoniae in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Serum and salivary IgA antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae were estimated by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 53 patients with ankylosing
      spondylitis (AS) and 30 healthy controls. The concentrations of total serum IgA,
      salivary secretory component (SC) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were also
      measured. In the serum of AS patients there was a positive correlation between
      Klebsiella IgA antibodies and the CRP. Salivary anti-Klebsiella IgA was elevated
      in 39% of AS patients although this was not associated with disease activity.
      Serum and secretory IgA antibodies to E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      similar in patients and controls irrespective of disease activity. We conclude
      that part of the increase in salivary and serum IgA in AS may be due to a
      specific immune response to Klebsiella in the gastrointestinal tract and that
      serum antibodies reflect more closely those events associated with active
      inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6430628
TI  - Overlapping connective tissue diseases in children.
AB  - Of 18 children with different connective tissue diseases four were found to have
      overlaps. Two presented features of SLE and PSS or SLE and PM and 2 had features
      of SLE, PSS and JRA. In two of them antiribonucleoprotein antibodies were
      detected by radical immunodiffusion. But these antibodies were also detected in a
      few children suffering from a single connective tissue disease. On the other
      hand, the six children with anti-RNP were not characterized by a particular
      clinical picture or a better prognosis; when compared to adults, no significant
      difference could be observed except that the Raynaud phenomenon, sausage fingers
      and myositis seemed less frequent in childhood. It may be concluded that
      combinations of connective tissue disease can occur in children but anti-RNP does
      not appear as a good biological marker.

PMID- 6430629
TI  - Emergence of Streptococcus faecalis isolates with high-level resistance to
      multiple aminocyclitol aminoglycosides.
AB  - Isolates of Streptococcus faecalis were occasionally found to be resistant to
      gentamicin concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml in a microdilution tray.
      Additional tests were performed with 28 such isolates. They all demonstrated high
      level resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration greater than 2000
      micrograms/ml) to gentamicin, kanamycin, sisomicin, streptomycin, and tobramycin.
      This high-level aminoglycoside resistance was associated with total resistance to
      in vitro synergism when each aminoglycoside was combined with ampicillin. In
      addition to ampicillin-aminoglycoside combinations, ampicillin-vancomycin,
      ampicillin-rifampin, rifampin-vancomycin, and vancomycin-gentamicin combinations
      were also tested; all failed to exhibit an in vitro synergistic-bactericidal
      effect against these enterococci. The emergence of enterococci with high-level
      resistance to multiple aminoglycosides in this clinical population is a source of
      grave concern with obvious therapeutic implications in situations such as
      endocarditis, where an in vitro bactericidal effect is thought to be necessary
      for a cure. No drug or combination of drugs was found to be bactericidal for
      these isolates. It is suspected that similar isolates of group D streptococci
      with high-level resistance to gentamicin may emerge in other institutions but go
      unrecognized. Surveillance by others for identifying this newly emerging pathogen
      carrying multiple resistance and a continued search for a satisfactory
      chemotherapeutic agent(s) are encouraged.

PMID- 6430630
TI  - Use of and cost savings with morphologic criteria and the spot indole test as a
      routine means of identification of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The use of primary isolation plate colonial morphologic criteria (CMC) of a flat,
      nonmucoid, lactose-fermenting, gram-negative rod on MacConkey agar and the spot
      indole (SI) test from the sheep blood agar plate was evaluated as a means for
      identification of Escherichia coli in comparison to kit (Micro-ID, API-20E) and
      conventional biochemical testing. In this preliminary phase of comparison of
      accuracy, 427 isolates of E. coli (69.8%) from a total of 612 isolates of lactose
      fermenting gram-negative rods were evaluated. Of these E. coli isolates, 357
      (83.6%) fit the CMC and were SI positive; 3 (less than 1% error rate) were not E.
      coli. In the second phase of the evaluation, using CMC and SI alone as a means
      for identification of E. coli, 472 (57.6%) E. coli isolates from a total of 820
      Enterobacteriaceae isolates were assessed. Of these E. coli isolates, 326 could
      be identified using only CMC and SI (69.1% of the E. coli isolates and 39.8% of
      all Enterobacteriaceae isolates); 146 (30.9%) required additional biochemical
      testing because of atypical colonial morphology, because of the investigator's
      inability to differentiate colony types on both media or lack of isolated
      colonies on either of the two required media, or because as isolates from sterile
      body sites they were processed directly to Micro-ID kits. A minimum of 40%
      savings on Enterobacteriaceae identification schemes without compromising
      accuracy was calculated. As of November 1983, a direct (labor and materials) cost
      savings of approximately +200.80 per 100 Enterobacteriaceae identifications was
      projected.

PMID- 6430631
TI  - Enhanced recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diverse clinical specimens on a
      new selective agar.
AB  - A new agent, 9-chloro-9-(diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan (C-390), was
      compared to currently available selective agars for the recovery of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Media containing C-390 were highly selective for P. aeruginosa and
      enhanced recovery of the organism from clinical specimens because of the low
      background level of contaminating microorganisms.

PMID- 6430632
TI  - Haemophilus organisms: urinary tract pathogens in children?
AB  - The incidence and significance of isolation of Haemophilus species from urine
      specimens was determined at a pediatric referral center. The incidence was 0.27%,
      and half the isolates were pathogens. Evaluation of incidence and a cost analysis
      led to the conclusion that routine efforts to isolate Haemophilus from urine are
      not cost-effective.

PMID- 6430633
TI  - Effect of media and blood on the antimicrobial activity of cephalosporins on
      serogroup D streptococci: a review.
AB  - The influence of culture medium on in vitro of selected cephalosporins on on
      group D streptococci was investigated by agar diffusion and broth dilution
      methods. The activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoperazone were not
      substantially influenced by the type of culture medium used, but cefuroxime,
      ceftizoxime, cefotaxime (CTX), cefmenoxime, and ceftriaxone varied markedly with
      both the commercial brand and the blood content of the broth used. The
      differences were more likely to occur in some Mueller-Hinton media, particularly
      when supplemented with 5% lysed sheep blood, and resulted in susceptible results
      instead of the resistant results that were obtained with these same media without
      blood. Some strains of Streptococcus faecalis showed these discrepancies, but S.
      bovis did not. The influence of the media on in vitro activity suggests a complex
      interaction between some cephalosporins, media components, and organisms. The
      cephalosporins that were affected by media share an identical moiety at the 7
      acyl position (cefuroxime is slightly different); this structure is not shared by
      those cephalosporins that were not affected, however. It is possible that this
      structure may play a part in the phenomenon.

PMID- 6430634
TI  - Relative risk rates of nonmedical predictors of institutional care among elderly
      persons.

PMID- 6430635
TI  - Shock in elderly persons.

PMID- 6430636
TI  - Identification of an allotypic IgA in cattle serum.
AB  - Alloimmunization of cattle revealed a polymorphism carried on a serum antigen
      displayed beta-electrophoretic mobility. A genetic test indicated that the
      antigen is inherited in a Mendelian manner, as product of a dominant allele at an
      autosomal locus. By immunochemical investigation the allotypic determinant was
      found to be located on IgA: there were in fact no differences between the
      peptidic map of the molecule carrying the allotypic determinant and that of IgA
      from positive sera. Moreover the peptidic map of IgA from sera lacking of the
      allotype resulted lacking of an anodic peptide, thus suggesting that the
      polymorphism is indeed due to such a peptide.

PMID- 6430637
TI  - Conversion of glucose, acetate and lactate to CO2 and fatty acids in liver and
      adipose tissue of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).
AB  - Production of CO2 and fatty acids from acetate, glucose and lactate was
      determined in slices of liver and adipose tissue from prairie voles fed either a
      high-starch or a high-cellulose diet. Acetate and lactate were oxidized to CO2
      and converted to fatty acids at greater rates than was glucose in both liver and
      adipose tissue. Fatty acid synthesis occurred at greater rates in adipose tissue
      than in liver. Fatty acid synthesis per adipocyte increased with increased
      adipocyte diameter. Fiber content of diets had only minimal effect on metabolic
      activities of liver and adipose tissue.

PMID- 6430638
TI  - Ovarian function is effectively inhibited by a low-dose triphasic oral
      contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel.
AB  - For various metabolic and clinical reasons, it has been strongly advocated to
      reduce the dose of both the estrogen and progestogen components of oral
      contraceptives (OCs). In this study, we compared after 6 months of treatment, the
      action on various hormonal parameters of a standard-dose combined OC containing
      ethinylestradiol (EE) 0.050 mg and levonorgestrel (LNg) 0.250 mg and a low-dose
      triphasic combination containing a 59% reduced amount of the same steroids.
      Hormonal measurements in the last 3 days of OC intake indicated that basal levels
      of FSH and LH were less inhibited by the low-dose preparation, while PRL levels
      were unchanged. However, gonadal function was effectively inhibited by both high
      and low dose OCs, as demonstrated by equally low levels of E2, E1, P and 17-P.
      Consequently, no residual gonadal function could be anticipated from the observed
      low steroid concentrations. These results corroborated other studies (reviewed in
      this paper) in which serial hormonal measurements also revealed a complete lack
      of follicular maturation during low-dose triphasic OC treatment. Moreover,
      inhibition of circulating levels of A, DHEA, DHEAS, free T and DHT was similarly
      obtained with both preparations. Collectively, these data indicate that ovarian
      function is as effectively inhibited by a low-dose triphasic preparation as by a
      higher, standard-dose OC containing the same steroids.

PMID- 6430640
TI  - Plasma levels and progestational activity of levonorgestrel after repeated
      intravenous and subcutaneous administration in the beagle bitch.
AB  - In pharmacological test models providing repeated daily administrations of
      steroid hormones, differing time courses of the drug level depending upon the
      pharmacokinetics can be observed often. The present study should make a
      contribution to the question whether the time course of the drug level can have
      an influence on the effectiveness of a given dose of a synthetic gestagen. On the
      basis of existing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in the beagle dog,
      levonorgestrel (LN) was selected as progestogen. LN was administered daily in
      equal dosages (0.1 mg) over a period of 14 days subcutaneously (s.c.) and
      intravenously (i.v.). The gestagenic potency of LN was assessed in an established
      bioassay by the histological evaluation of the endometrial transformation.
      Whereas the s.c. administration resulted in a low, but almost constant, LN level,
      high peaks of short duration could be determined after i.v. administration.
      Following s.c. injection, LN was released only to a degree of 60% in the
      observation period compared with 100% after i.v. administration. Nevertheless,
      0.1 mg LN given s.c. had stronger endometrial effects than 0.1 mg LN given as
      bolus i.v.

PMID- 6430639
TI  - A two-year experience with Norplant implants in Assiut, Egypt.
AB  - This report describes the two-year experience of 250 acceptors of NORPLANT
      implants and 100 TCu-380-Ag IUD acceptors in Assiut, Egypt. The two-year net
      continuation rate was 67.9 per 100 for implant users and 52.3 per 100 for IUD
      users. The most important cause for NORPLANT removal was the disruption of
      menstrual rhythm. However, by the end of the second year, three-quarters of
      NORPLANT users had monthly menstrual periods and about 60 percent described the
      amount of blood loss as average, 15 percent as decreased, 15 percent as increased
      and 10 percent as variable. About 88 percent of the NORPLANT acceptors rated
      their experience with the contraceptive as good or excellent.

PMID- 6430641
TI  - Intracervical release of ST-1435 for contraception.
AB  - Seven women used an ST-1435-releasing intracervical contraceptive device (ST
      ICD), inserted immediately after the cessation of menstrual bleeding. Patterns of
      bleeding and clinical performance were evaluated and plasma concentrations of ST
      1435, estradiol, progesterone and gonadotropins were measured by
      radioimmunoassays. The results of ten months of treatment are presented. There
      were no uniform patterns of bleeding. No hormonal side-effects were registered.
      The plasma concentration of ST-1435 reached 100 pg/ml within two hours after
      insertion of an ST-ICD. No ovulations occurred during the initial three months of
      treatment. A rapid decline in the plasma concentrations of ST-1435 was observed;
      during the tenth month the concentration of ST-1435 was under the sensitivity of
      the radioimmunoassay of ST-1435. Hence, the release of ST-1435 from Silastic was
      too rapid for long-acting contraceptive purposes.

PMID- 6430642
TI  - Hormonal consequences of missing the pill during the first two days of three
      consecutive artificial cycles.
AB  - The hormonal effects of the deliberate omission of a low-dose combined oral
      contraceptive pill (30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol + 150 micrograms
      levonorgestrel) during the first two days of three consecutive artificial cycles
      were studied in 10 women. The plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone,
      levonorgestrel and--whenever justified--of LH were measured three times weekly
      (Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays) throughout a 90-day period, and the ovarian
      reaction to the prolongation of the pill-free period from 7 to 9 days was
      assessed. One subject (with a premature LH surge) showed a marked follicular and
      an inadequate luteal activity in 2 of 3 cycles. The remaining cycles were
      characterized by a varying degree of follicular activity associated with the
      absence of any luteal function. None of the subjects exhibited peripheral steroid
      levels indicating a normal ovulatory cycle. The results are interpreted as
      suggesting that repeated prolongation of the pill-free period from 7 to 9 days
      might result in a gradual increase in ovarian activity.

PMID- 6430643
TI  - Phenoxybenzamine--an effective male contraceptive pill.
AB  - Phenoxybenzamine (PBZ), administered in doses up to 20 mg/day, caused aspermia
      following male orgasm. This led to the development of a male contraceptive pill,
      PBZ being the active drug. It has been shown that small doses of the drug do not
      change the hormonal balance of the body, nor do they affect blood pressure. In 2
      to 3 days, PBZ blocks ejaculation; this is fully reversed with the cessation of
      treatment. The drug does not affect semen quality (testicular function), even
      after a long period of medication. During treatment, the vas deferens, the
      ampulla and the ejaculatory ducts are probably paralyzed. Cessation of medication
      brought full recovery of these effects and the reappearance of normal
      ejaculation. Men complaining of premature ejaculation reported marked improvement
      in their sexual performance. The recommended regimen for administering PBZ as a
      male contraceptive is discussed.

PMID- 6430644
TI  - Economic analysis and clinical trials.
AB  - Given the increasing interest in the economics of health care, the incorporation
      of economic analysis in clinical trials is more often being considered, both by
      medical researchers and by research funding bodies. This article proposes
      criteria for judging the appropriateness of including economic analysis in a
      given trial, suggests how that analysis could be phased in order to minimize the
      work involved, and discusses the wider implications for medical research of more
      frequent attention to economic concepts.

PMID- 6430645
TI  - Comparison of the sterility of long-term central venous catheterization using
      single lumen, triple lumen, and pulmonary artery catheters.
AB  - The incidence of thrombocytopenia and catheter-induced infection and colonization
      after the use of triple lumen (TLC), pulmonary artery (PA), and single lumen
      central venous (CVP) catheters was studied in 29 critically ill patients.
      Catheter-induced sepsis was documented in 7% of patients with TLC and 10% of
      patients with CVP and PA catheters. Thirty-three percent of TLC, 20% of PA and
      10% of CVP catheters became contaminated during the study. Staphylococcus
      epidermidis most commonly caused catheter sepsis and contamination. Only patients
      with PA catheters showed significant decrease in their platelet count. We
      conclude that use of TLC catheters in critically ill patients does not appear to
      increase the risk of infectious disease and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6430646
TI  - Metabolic profiles in patients with acute neurosurgical injuries.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with acute neurosurgical injuries were compared with 23
      patients with neurosurgical and multisystem injuries and 10 patients with multi
      system injuries without neurosurgical injuries. Patients with isolated acute
      neurosurgical injuries did not demonstrate a hypermetabolic state with increased
      loss of nitrogen and decreased circulating levels of albumin, prealbumin, and
      retinol-binding protein when compared to multisystem-injured patients. Patients
      with demonstrated hypermetabolism on day 1 were supported with parenteral
      nutrition which decreased their protein losses and stabilized other metabolic
      variables such as calcium and phosphorus. It is concluded that patients with
      neurosurgical and other multisystem injuries require close metabolic monitoring.
      Early institution of metabolic support in hypercatabolic patients may prevent
      clinically significant depletion states.

PMID- 6430647
TI  - Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on tissue gas tensions and oxygen
      transport.
AB  - To determine whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) impairs peripheral
      tissue oxygenation, hemodynamic variables including blood and subcutaneous tissue
      gas tensions were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O of PEEP, in 9 patients
      who were being mechanically ventilated for acute pulmonary failure. Increasing
      the level of PEEP produced parallel decreases in cardiac output and oxygen
      delivery (DO2 = cardiac output X arterial oxygen content); however, there were no
      significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), oxygen consumption
      (VO2), mixed-venous oxygen tension (PvO2), pH, or base excess. Subcutaneous
      tissue oxygen (PtO2) and carbon dioxide (PtCO2) tensions, which were directly
      measured in the femoral region by a mass spectrometer, also remained at their
      baseline levels (zero end-expiratory pressure). We concluded that peripheral
      tissue oxygenation is not impaired up to the level of 20 cm H2O of PEEP, even
      though DO2 significantly decreases.

PMID- 6430648
TI  - Cardiorespiratory responses to fluid administration in peritonitis.
AB  - Intravascular volume expansion was studied in 59 critically ill patients with a
      wide variety of sepsis and in a small group of 12 patients with peritonitis;
      either 500 ml of 5% albumin solution or 2 units of packed red blood cells were
      given over a 60-min period. During the 2-h period after volume loading,
      significant increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure (WP), central venous pressure (CVP), and oxygen consumption (VO2) were
      observed. One hour after fluid administration MAP had risen from 72 +/- 16 (SD)
      at baseline to 78 +/- 17 mm Hg (p less than .01), WP from 9 +/- 5 to 16 +/- 7 mm
      Hg (p less than .05), CVP from 7 +/- 4 to 9 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than .05) and VO2
      from 132 +/- 19 to 148 +/- 31 ml/min X m2 (p less than .01). Improvement in VO2
      after volume loading is consistent with the concept that circulatory problems in
      sepsis result in less VO2 than is needed and that intravascular volume expansion
      in normovolemic septic patients may improve peripheral perfusion as measured by
      oxygen uptake.

PMID- 6430649
TI  - Appliance for stabilizing orogastric and orotracheal tubes in infants.
AB  - The long-term use of orotracheal tubes in infants has been associated with airway
      damage, palatal groove formation, acquired cleft palate, and defective primary
      dentition. Nasotracheal intubation is associated with trauma to the nasal septum
      and deformities of the nares. Because the infant is an obligatory nose-breather,
      nasogastric feeding tubes obstruct the nares and cause mucosal edema. We have
      developed an intraoral appliance designed to stabilize orogastric feeding and
      orotracheal tubes, and prevent obstruction to the nares and trauma to the palate
      and alveolar ridge.

PMID- 6430650
TI  - Mechanical influences on the capnogram.
AB  - We found that altering aspirating flow rate (ASR) and sample tubing length (STL)
      affected the response time and capnogram of 2 different side-stream capnometers.
      Increased flow rate shortened rise time, transit time, and total delay time
      (TDT), whereas increased STL increased transit and TDTs but not rise time.
      Increasing rise time pushed the ascending limb of the capnogram to the right.
      Peak and baseline PCO2 values were accurate only when TDT did not exceed
      respiratory cycle time (RCT). Awareness of the potential for artifactual changes
      in the capnogram will avoid their misinterpretation as physiologic events.

PMID- 6430651
TI  - Conditioning of inspired air by a hygroscopic condenser humidifier.
AB  - The heat and water content of inspired air is critical to the pulmonary viability
      of patients with artificial airways. By continuously measuring gas conditions in
      the ventilator circuits of 6 adult ICU patients, we studied the heat and water
      reclaimed from expired air by a hygroscopic condenser humidifier (HCH) in the
      circuit. Temperature, partial pressure of water vapor (PH2O) and relative
      humidity (RH) were determined at the tracheal outlet of the endotracheal tube.
      The HCH was 63% efficient; the end-inspiratory gas delivered to the patients
      averaged 30.9 degrees C with a PH2O of 32.5 mm Hg and an RH of 97.3% or,
      equivalently, an RH of 69.2% referenced to 37 degrees C. These values are lower
      than those reported in the literature for gas in the trachea during nose
      breathing of ambient air, but greater than the values reported for mouth
      breathing of ambient air.

PMID- 6430652
TI  - Acrocyanosis of cold agglutinin disease successfully treated with antibiotics.
AB  - Two women were seen for evaluation of acrocyanosis and vasculitis limited to the
      toes. General studies showed only the presence of low titer cold hemagglutinins.
      Complete rapid clearing of the cutaneous changes was achieved after treatment
      with systemic cephradine in one case and penicillin in the other. This supports
      the view that cold agglutinins, arising as a result of occult bacterial
      infection, were responsible for the clinical presentation of blue toes.

PMID- 6430653
TI  - Peep titration using the PaCO2-PetCO2 gradient. Fact or fallacy?

PMID- 6430654
TI  - Fosfomycin, piperacillin, azlocillin. Correlation between therapeutic response of
      mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in vitro data.
AB  - Intramuscular infections of mice with eight different strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa were treated with three doses each of fosfomycin, piperacillin and
      azlocillin. The therapeutic response (measured as decrease in colony-forming
      units in the homogenized infected tissue) was compared with the 'aggregate
      suprainhibitory time' (the time for which the serum concentration exceeds the
      minimal inhibitory concentration of the infecting bacteria during the whole
      treatment period). The therapeutic response improved with increasing aggregate
      suprainhibitory time. The correlation was better for fosfomycin than for
      piperacillin and, especially, azlocillin.

PMID- 6430655
TI  - Medical foster family care: a cost-effective solution to a community problem.
AB  - In response to the special needs of a small number of abused and neglected
      children who were being cared for by unnecessary extended hospitalization, a
      medical foster family care program was established, at much lower cost, to
      provide the children with a home environment and assist their parents so that
      family reunification was possible.

PMID- 6430656
TI  - [Cytogenetic study on Turner's syndrome].

PMID- 6430657
TI  - Tuberculostatic effect in vitro of certain new antibiotics (amikin, dalacin C,
      clindamycin, netromycin, tobramycin, lincomycin) on mycobacteria, particularly on
      M. avium.

PMID- 6430658
TI  - Alternative drug therapies for mania: a literature review.
AB  - This article reviews the agents used to treat manic patients. It has been
      suggested that up to 20 percent of all manic patients are refractory to lithium.
      We reviewed studies suggesting that drugs affecting the serotoninergic,
      adrenergic, dopaminergic, and opioid neurotransmission systems, as well as
      anticonvulsants and others, are possible alternative treatments. Despite the
      large number of agents used, few large controlled studies carefully examine these
      interventions. Clinical assessments using specific manic rating scales are
      lacking in most studies. Among the successful alternative treatments reported,
      carbamazepine has received the most intensive research. Other suggested
      therapeutic agents, such as levothyroxine and clorgyline, require additional
      research to verify their effectiveness. From these pharmacological approaches and
      an understanding of the pathophysiology of mania, future therapeutic
      interventions can be formulated.

PMID- 6430659
TI  - Effect of nitrogen intake on urea appearance in patients receiving total
      parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis.
AB  - Hemodialysis results in significant amino acid and protein losses and increases
      the patient's need for, and tolerance to, standard doses of protein. Since urea
      accumulation increases proportionately with increasing doses of protein in
      patients with normal renal function, urea accumulation may result when protein
      intake is increased to offset losses occurring in the dialysate. As a
      consequence, an increased requirement for dialysis may occur that might be poorly
      tolerated by the critically ill patient. This study was designed to determine the
      relationship between nitrogen intake and urea appearance in five patients
      requiring hemodialysis and total parenteral nutrition. Daily caloric and nitrogen
      intakes were determined. Urea appearance was calculated from measures of urine
      urea nitrogen excretion and daily body urea accumulation. Results of 108
      measurements in treatment courses ranging from 23-79 days found that the average
      caloric intake (1984 +/- 55 calories/d) and nitrogen intake (11.0 +/- 0.4 g/d)
      resulted in a positive nitrogen balance (0.8 +/- 0.4 g/d) and a urea appearance
      rate of 9.4 +/- 0.8 g/d. Nitrogen intake correlated both with urea appearance (r
      = 0.59, p less than 0.001) and nitrogen balance (r = 0.49, p less than 0.001).
      Positive nitrogen balance was associated with improvements in measures of total
      iron binding capacity (p less than 0.05). Nitrogen intake directly relates to
      urea appearance, and positive nitrogen balance can be achieved without increasing
      dialysis requirements. In this group of patients, 28.3 calories per kg ideal body
      weight and 0.8 g of protein per kg ideal body weight were required to achieve
      nitrogen equilibrium.

PMID- 6430660
TI  - Appropriateness of long-term cimetidine prescribing.
AB  - The appropriateness of long-term cimetidine prescribing was evaluated
      retrospectively in an outpatient pharmacy setting. Criteria defining the
      acceptable use of cimetidine for greater than 8 wk were established. The
      prescribing of long-term cimetidine was found inappropriate in 34 of 51 patients
      (67 percent). In 16 patients, the duration of full-dose therapy was excessive.
      Eighteen patients lacked an acceptable indication for cimetidine. The patients
      falling into the unacceptable category were prescribed cimetidine either by
      general internists or gastroenterologists in 33 of 34 cases. There were no clear
      reasons for this prescribing pattern. Eliminating inappropriate long-term use of
      cimetidine could avoid potential drug interactions and be cost-effective.

PMID- 6430661
TI  - The impact of drug bulletins on physician prescribing habits in a health
      maintenance organization.
AB  - The concern over rising health care costs has created an environment that is
      favorable for the development of efficient health care programs. Pharmacists have
      been instrumental in developing and implementing programs to reduce drug costs,
      but many of these lack adequate documentation in the literature. One such area is
      the impact of disseminating drug bulletins to prescribers. This study was
      undertaken to assess quantitatively the impact of drug bulletins on physician
      prescribing habits and to measure the resultant changes in drug cost. This was a
      retrospective examination of Prime Health's acquisition of certain drugs
      described in five separate drug bulletins before and after issuance of the
      bulletins. We were able to demonstrate statistically significant changes in the
      proportions of drugs acquired after dissemination of each bulletin. In some
      cases, these changes persisted for the duration of the study (one year after
      issuance of the bulletin); in other cases, they reverted to pre-bulletin
      proportions. These changes resulted in mean drug cost reductions of 30 percent
      per calendar quarter for all of the post-bulletin period. Our findings suggest
      that the issuance of certain types of drug bulletins to prescribers is associated
      with a significant change in their prescribing habits, with resultant cost
      savings.

PMID- 6430662
TI  - Improving patient care and pharmacy management: the effect of hospital
      formularies.
AB  - A study of the organizational features and implementation procedures associated
      with formulary use in major acute-care hospitals throughout Australia was
      undertaken. Data were collected via a questionnaire mailed to 57 directors of
      pharmacy. An 86-percent response was obtained. A high proportion of formularies
      was found to rate poorly in terms of organizational features (e.g., content,
      compilation methods, format) and process variables (e.g., effectiveness as a
      communication document, prescribing aid, or management tool). Methods of
      improving formulary effectiveness are outlined in the context of practical and
      normative research, including improving the quality of drug therapy, use of
      formularies in cost control, and improving user acceptance. The results confirm
      previous research showing that methods of improving organizational features and
      implementation procedures associated with formulary compilation and use are
      neither widely applied nor widely known. There is an urgent need to reassess the
      usefulness of formularies and improve their effectiveness by adopting
      recommendations resulting from past research.

PMID- 6430663
TI  - [Catheter-related complications in long-term or ambulatory parenteral feeding].
AB  - Catheter-related complications represent the major risk in parenteral nutrition.
      The evaluation of 115 patients with a total of 16 836 days of mainly home
      parenteral nutrition showed 19 infected and 21 noninfected complications. Among
      these were two thromboses of the superior vena cava which had to be cleared
      surgically. Related to one year of parenteral nutrition the rate of infected and
      non-infected complications was 0.87 cases. There was no correlation between the
      duration of parenteral nutrition and the frequency of catheter-related
      septicaemia. Apart from the material used for catheters and a standardised
      technique of implantation and care the meticulous selection of patients is
      decisive for a low rate of complications.

PMID- 6430664
TI  - [Nitrate tolerance: pro and con].

PMID- 6430665
TI  - [Acute polyneuritis in non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - Neurologic involvement may occur in the course of acute viral hepatitis; acute
      polyneuritis is an extremely infrequent manifestation. Hepatic failure, leading
      to death on the 10th day of disease, became manifest in a 26-year-old man on the
      6th day of postinfectious polyneuritis Guillain-Barre-Strohl requiring
      ventilation. Clinical aspects, additional diagnostic assessment and post mortem
      findings supported diagnosis of nonA-non-B hepatitis. A causal connection between
      both disease entities appears likely.

PMID- 6430666
TI  - [Anti-anginal efficacy of oral nitroglycerin. A clinical double-blind study with
      dose-effect relationships].
AB  - Nitroglycerin, bound to polymerized cellulose (Nitroglin) was administered orally
      in single doses of 2.6 mg, 6.5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg (randomized sequence) on four
      different days to 12 patients with angina due to coronary heart disease. This was
      done within the framework of a placebo-controlled double-blind study with intra
      individual cross-over to assess dose-related reduction of the ischaemia reaction
      in the exercise ECG. The ischaemia reaction (sum of ST segment depressions) 30
      min after a placebo was 10.4 +/- 4.6 mm; after 2.6 mg nitroglycerin it was 8.0 +/
      4.3 mm (-23%, not significant); after 6.5 mg it was 6.4 +/- 3.4 mm (-38%, P less
      than 0.01), after 10 mg it was 4.7 +/- 2.9 mm (-55%, P less than 0.001), and
      after 20 mg 2.7 +/- 1.9 mm (-74%, P less than 0.0001). The dose-related effect of
      nitroglycerin was still demonstrable to the same extent three hours after intake.
      After 20 mg a reduction in ischaemia reaction by 55% compared with the placebo
      effect was still present 6 hours later (P less than 0.01). The arterial blood
      pressure on lying and standing as well as the heart rate on lying, standing and
      on exercise did not change significantly, regardless of dose. Taken by mouth
      nitroglycerin was well tolerated and had a dose-related anti-anginal effect.
      After single doses of 10-20 mg the anti-ischaemic effect was shown to persist for
      several hours.

PMID- 6430667
TI  - [Endoscopically and radiologically documented coloscopy. A method for the
      demonstration of pathologic findings].
AB  - Colo-ileoscopy is increasingly used in the primary diagnosis of diseases of the
      colon. But a disadvantage of the method is that the findings cannot be
      demonstrated spacially or documented. This can, however, be made up by instilling
      an iodine-containing, water-soluble contrast medium into the endoscopically
      demonstrated abnormal area and obtain a radiological documentation. The method is
      suitable for demonstrating benign and malignant stenoses and tumours of the
      colon, diverticula, ileocolic anastomoses, mucosal changes in ulcerative colitis
      of longer standing as well as Crohn's disease, fistulae, and the appendix or
      terminal ileum. If coloscopy is successful only as far as the right flexure, the
      ascending colon can be demonstrated radiologically by this method. Larger polyps
      can be removed at the same sitting after documentation. This form of examination
      was performed without complications in 104 patients. As it is simple it can be
      employed in the routine documentation of pathological findings in the colon.

PMID- 6430668
TI  - [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A new technic for enteral feeding].

PMID- 6430669
TI  - [Divergence between the pharmacologic and clinical effects of inhibitors of
      prostaglandin synthesis].

PMID- 6430670
TI  - [Misoprostol in duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6430671
TI  - [Resistance of pathogenic viruses--survey of literature].

PMID- 6430672
TI  - The reality of the DRG system.

PMID- 6430673
TI  - Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid
      axis in rats.
AB  - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on the hypothalamic
      pituitary-thyroid axis in rats were studied. VIP (250 micrograms kg-1) was
      injected i.v. and the rats were serially decapitated. Thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The hypothalamic immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) content
      significantly decreased after VIP injection, whereas its plasma concentration
      significantly increased. The plasma TSH level increased significantly in a dose
      related manner with a zenith at 20 min after the injection. The plasma thyroid
      hormone level also increased significantly. The plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses
      to cold as well as the plasma TSH response to TRH were significantly enhanced by
      VIP. Naloxone partially blocked VIP induced TSH release. In 5-hydroxytryptophan
      pretreated group the stimulatory effect of VIP on TSH release was prevented, but
      not in that pretreated with para-chlorophenylalanine, L-DOPA or haloperidol.
      These drugs alone did not affect plasma TSH levels in terms of the dose used. The
      inactivation of TRH immunoreactivity by plasma or hypothalamus did not differ
      from that of the control. These findings suggest that VIP acts on the
      hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid gland to stimulate TRH, TSH and thyroid
      hormone release, respectively, and that its effect may be at least partially
      modified by the serotonergic system and opioid peptides.

PMID- 6430674
TI  - Existence of multiple forms of follicle-stimulating hormone within the anterior
      pituitaries of cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - Ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys were treated with physiological levels of
      estradiol and progesterone. A reduction in serum levels of FSH was observed after
      steroid exposure. Anterior pituitary homogenates were prepared from monkeys after
      0, 12, 24, or 36 h of exposure to estradiol and progesterone and quantitated for
      FSH activity by radioreceptor assay (RRA) and RIA. Pituitary FSH activity
      (expressed as RRA/RIA) increased with duration of exposure to steroids. Forms of
      FSH within these pituitaries were separated by the column isoelectric focusing
      technique, chromatofocusing. All pituitary homogenates tested contained FSH
      isohormones that eluted at similar isoelectric points. Each FSH isohormone
      exhibited a mol wt similar to that of a purified FSH standard, but differed in
      ability to displace labeled FSH from a biological receptor preparation. FSH forms
      with basic isoelectric points exhibited greater RRA/RIA values than forms with
      more acidic isoelectric points. The relative proportion of the more basic FSH
      forms increased within pituitary tissue with duration of exposure to steroids.
      All FSH forms were secreted by pituitary cells in culture. The biochemical basis
      for the microheterogeneity appears to be the degree of sialic acid incorporation
      into the FSH molecule. The results of these studies demonstrate that the
      cynomolgus monkey pituitary responds to the surrounding hormonal milieu by
      altering the relative proportions of FSH forms present within that gland.

PMID- 6430675
TI  - Porcine ovarian inhibin preparations sensitize cultured ovine gonadotrophs to
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - Treatment of ovine pituitary cell cultures with an acetone powder of porcine
      follicular fluid (APPFF; 50 micrograms/ml) decreased FSH secretion 60%, did not
      alter basal LH secretion, but increased by 2- to 3-fold the effectiveness of LHRH
      or D-Lys6-LHRH (10(-8) M) in releasing LH. Chromatography of APPFF on Matrex Gel
      Red A (MGRA) yielded a protein fraction (MGRA-IV) in which both FSH-inhibiting
      and LHRH-enhancing activities were enriched 8-fold. Both activities were
      destroyed by trypsin, but both were highly resistant to heat. The apparent mol wt
      of the active substance(s) was greater than 10,000. The LHRH-enhancing effect of
      MGRA-IV was reversible and declined, with an apparent half-life of 7 h, when MGRA
      IV treatment was discontinued. There was too little estrogen in either APPFF or
      MGRA-IV to account for any of the activities. These results demonstrate that
      porcine follicular fluid contains LHRH-enhancing activity along with classical
      inhibin activity and that both activities may be linked in one molecule. These
      dual activities may be important in a number of species.

PMID- 6430676
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of pituitary neurointermediate lobes: revelation of
      various basic proteases.
AB  - Homogenates of rat neurointermediate lobes were purified by centrifugation on a
      Percoll gradient. Lysates of the Percoll gradient fractions were incubated with a
      synthetic octapeptide and pentapeptide substrate (N-acetyl Lys-Arg-Tyr-Asn-Leu
      Thr-Ser-Val-amide and N-acetyl Lys-Arg-Tyr-Asn-Leu-amide), and enzymatic
      characteristics were compiled. Early assays on nonamidated forms revealed
      carboxypeptidase activity, whereas with the amide derivatives no carboxypeptidase
      activity could be detected. These amide substrates were therefore used in all
      subsequent incubations. High levels of a Leu/Thr and Lys/Arg cleavage were
      present in fractions almost throughout the Percoll gradient. Cleavages at
      Tyr/Asn, Thr/Ser, and Arg/Tyr were localized at different regions of the Percoll
      gradient. Surprisingly, none of the five enzymatic activities appear to be
      localized in the secretory granule fractions as defined by the presence of
      immunoreactive beta-endorphin in the gradient. All of the five proteolytic
      activities have a basic pH optimum (pH 8-9), and four of them seem to be thiol
      proteases, as categorized by inhibitor studies. The fifth one, namely the Try/Asn
      cleavage, is more likely to be due to a metalloendopeptidase, since it is
      activated by Zn2+ and Co2+.

PMID- 6430677
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone administration on hepatic glycogen synthesis and
      accumulation in adrenalectomized fasted rats.
AB  - Adrenalectomized 24-h fasted rats lack the ability to synthesize and accumulate
      hepatic glycogen. In addition, the ability of liver glycogen synthase to respond
      to acute glucose administration is muted. The defect has been localized to the
      level of smooth endoplasmic reticulum-associated synthase phosphatase activity
      which is greatly reduced in adrenalectomized fasted rat liver. In vivo exposure
      to dexamethasone increases hepatic glucose output and hepatic glycogen synthesis
      and accumulation by 2-6 h after administration. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      synthase phosphatase activity is increased, and activation of glycogen synthase
      is restored. Ambient insulin concentrations are increased by steroid
      administration and appear to have a role in restoration of the ability to
      activate glycogen synthase, and consequently to restore the ability to synthesize
      and accumulate hepatic glycogen.

PMID- 6430678
TI  - Thyroid hormones regulate hepatic glycogen synthase.
AB  - Short term (48 h) in vivo administration of either T3 or T4 was associated with
      an increase in hepatic glycogen synthase activity in the rat. Administration of
      0.25 mg T3/kg BW 48, 24, and 2 h before enzyme preparation increased the total
      glycogen synthase activity by approximately 50% and increased the percentage of
      synthase in the I or active form from 19 +/- 1% to 63 +/- 3%. These effects of
      thyroid hormones on glycogen synthase were rapid (expressed within 24 h) and dose
      dependent with respect to T3 or T4. Fasting rats for 24 h increased hepatic
      glycogen synthase levels in control but not thyroid hormone-treated rats. Total
      glycogen synthase activity of rats administered thyroid hormone and fasted for 24
      h remained 1.4-fold greater than that of their fasted euthyroid controls. The
      percentage of synthase in the I form was 79 +/- 4% for the fasted T3-treated rats
      compared to 51 +/- 2% for their fasted euthyroid counterparts. Thus, both total
      hepatic glycogen synthase activity and the percentage of synthase in the I form
      are increased by short term administration of thyroid hormones in vivo.

PMID- 6430679
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates body weight gain and increases thyroid
      hormones and growth hormone in plasma of cockerels.
AB  - The effect of TRH on growth in 4-week-old cockerels was examined in two separate
      experiments. Daily injection of TRH via the brachial vein stimulated growth in 4
      week-old cockerels over 17 days of treatment in the first experiment and over 25
      days in the second. In the first experiment, TRH at 1.0 micrograms and 10.0
      micrograms/bird caused significant (P less than 0.05) increases of 12.0% and
      12.4%, respectively, in growth rate, whereas in the second experiment, only the
      1.0 micrograms/bird level of TRH caused an increase (P less than 0.05). In each
      experiment, the increase in body weight gain was not TRH dose dependent, and
      neither feed consumption nor feed efficiency was affected. Possible involvement
      of pituitary hormones in TRH-stimulated growth in cockerels was studied in a
      separate experiment, and the effects of TRH on plasma T3, T4, and GH were
      examined. TRH was given iv at 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 micrograms/bird daily for 5
      days, and plasma T3, T4, and GH concentrations were measured 15, 60, and 180 min
      postinjection by RIA on days 1, 3, and 5. The responses of T3 and T4 to TRH were
      greatest on day 1, were diminished by days 3 and 5, and were not dose-related.
      Significant, not dose-related, elevations of plasma GH concentrations were
      obtained at all doses of TRH. Based on these results, we suggest that TRH has the
      ability to promote a significant increase in body weight gain in 4-week-old
      cockerels, and the stimulatory effects may be mediated through GH and/or thyroid
      hormones.

PMID- 6430680
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and deamido-TRH in
      the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of TRH and its metabolite deamido-TRH (TRH-OH) were
      evaluated and compared. After a 60- to 90-min infusion of the appropriate peptide
      into rats, the MCR, half-life of disappearance (t 1/2), and volume of
      distribution were calculated. The MCR of TRH averaged 4 ml/min, whereas that of
      TRH-OH was 6.5 ml/min. The serum concentrations of both TRH and TRH-OH decreased
      in a biexponential manner after stopping the corresponding peptide infusions. The
      t 1/2 values were 2.4 and 3.9 min for the initial phase of disappearance and 14.1
      and 20.6 min for the later phase of disappearance for TRH and TRH-OH,
      respectively. The volume of distribution of TRH-OH was twice that of TRH. The
      fractional conversion rate of TRH to TRH-OH, based on serum TRH-OH concentrations
      measured during TRH infusions, was 0.7-1.4%. Less than 1 ng TRH-OH was excreted
      in the urine during the last 30 min of TRH infusion. The rapid clearance of TRH
      OH and low fractional conversion of TRH to TRH-OH, as measured in serum, suggest
      that little TRH secretion will be reflected in serum TRH-OH concentrations.

PMID- 6430681
TI  - Hormonal regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase beta activity in rat
      testis.
AB  - The content of DNA polymerase beta in whole rat testes drastically decreased upon
      hypophysectomy: at 1 and 2 weeks, to 12.5% and 5% of the control testes of sham
      operated rats, respectively. DNA polymerase beta activity per cell (per milligram
      DNA) also decreased to 14% of the control within 2 weeks after hypophysectomy.
      The DNA polymerase alpha in the testis also decreased, but the DNA polymerase
      gamma was relatively resistant to hypophysectomy. The testicular DNA polymerase
      beta from hypophysectomized rats sedimented at 4.5 S, whereas that from sham
      operated controls sedimented at 3.3 S. The reduced level of testicular DNA
      polymerase beta and the change in molecular size induced by hypophysectomy were
      largely reversed by daily injections of LH and FSH. The reduced activity was also
      fully reversed by the injection of testosterone. These results suggest that the
      level of DNA polymerase beta in the rat testis depends largely on the level of
      testosterone produced by Leydig cells in the testis itself, but is also regulated
      by pituitary gonadotropins.

PMID- 6430682
TI  - Estrogen modulation of nuclear matrix-associated steroid hormone binding.
AB  - Estrogen regulation of the intranuclear distribution of estrogen-binding proteins
      has been examined in the chicken liver. Administration of estrogen
      [diethylstilbestrol (DES)] resulted in a rapid, dose-dependent increase in two
      types of estrogen-binding sites associated with the nuclear matrix. Type I
      appeared to be the estrogen receptor (ER; Kd for estradiol = 2.0 nM), whereas
      type II was equivalent to binding sites previously defined in rat uterine nuclei
      (Kd = 15 nM). The association of nuclear ER and type II sites with the nuclear
      matrix followed a time course corresponding to the maximal accumulation of
      nuclear ER in the liver. A 2-fold enrichment (per U protein) of nuclear ER in the
      matrix was obtained at a dose of 20 micrograms DES/0.2 kg compared to control
      values. Further enrichment was observed with higher doses of DES (200 and 2000
      micrograms). The antiestrogens tamoxifen (tamoxifen-citrate) and zuclomiphine 2
      [p-(chloro-1,2-diphenyl-vinyl)phenoxyl]citrate) were potent inhibitors (greater
      than or equal to 50%) of the estrogen-stimulated association of both ER and type
      II sites with the matrix. However, they did not increase total nuclear or matrix
      ER concentrations when administered alone. These data demonstrate that the
      association of ER with liver nuclear matrix is estrogen dependent and suggest
      that the biological effects of estrogen at the nuclear level may be mediated by
      this association.

PMID- 6430683
TI  - Cysteamine inhibition of prolactin immunoassayability and secretion: studies with
      aminothiophenols and other analogs.
AB  - Analogs of the aminothiol cysteamine (CySH) have been studied to clarify the
      structural features required for exertion of inhibitory effects on PRL. The
      inhibited functions examined were the detectability of PRL by RIA and the release
      of PRL from suspensions of isolated secretory granules. The influence on GH
      assayability and release was also tested. The aromatic compounds 2
      aminothiophenol, 3-aminothiophenol, and 4-aminothiophenol shared with CySH the
      ability to inhibit PRL assayability and release, but were all more potent.
      Derivatization of the thiol, as in 4-aminothioanisole, was associated with a
      substantial loss of inhibitory potency, whereas derivatization of the primary
      amine, as in N-dimethylaminoethanethiol, had no influence. Thiols such as
      mercaptoethanol, cysteine, glutathione, and others without nearby amino groups
      were stimulators of PRL assayability and release. The inhibitory effects of the
      aminothiols were highly pH dependent, being marked at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5, but
      modest or marginal at 8.5. After CySH exposure, inhibition was reversible in part
      by extraction of samples with reduced glutathione or at pH 10.5. Though CySH and
      4-aminothiophenol induced changes in the electrophoretic migration of granule
      PRL, similar changes occurred in the migration of standard purified hormone
      despite the known absence of immunochemical effects. There was close quantitative
      correlation between the potency of a compound to inhibit PRL assayability and its
      potency to inhibit PRL release. We conclude that the inhibitory aminothiol action
      on PRL requires the thiol rather than the sulfide form and involves a reversible
      interaction which diminishes the immunochemical recognition of granule PRL. This
      change also results in diminished secretion.

PMID- 6430684
TI  - Antibodies to growth hormone-releasing factor inhibit somatic growth.
AB  - We have raised antibodies to rat growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) which,
      when acutely administered to rats, cause a complete inhibition of pulsatile GH
      release. Using this passive immunization technique, we have evaluated the role of
      GRF in normal somatic growth. Twenty-two-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (61 +/-
      2 g, mean +/- SEM) were treated for 16 days with either normal rabbit serum (n =
      7) or rabbit antiserum raised against GRF (n = 7). During this period the BW of
      rats treated with normal rabbit serum increased 8.3 +/- 0.4 g/day while rats
      treated with GRF antiserum increased 4.3 +/- 0.2 g/day (P less than 0.01). These
      rats were then left untreated for an additional 22 days to determine whether
      animals treated with GRF antiserum would demonstrate a period of catch-up growth.
      Rats treated with normal rabbit serum continued to increase in BW at 8.1 +/- 0.4
      g/day. Remarkably, rats treated with GRF antiserum continued to have a reduced
      growth rate, 5.4 +/- 0.6 g/day (P less than 0.01). This reduced growth rate was
      not due to long-term suppression of GH, since the patterns of pulsatile secretion
      and concentrations of plasma GH were not different between the two groups when
      measured three weeks after termination of the GRF antiserum treatment. These
      results demonstrate that GRF has a primary role in somatic growth and suggest
      that its presence during postnatal development is required to ensure subsequent
      normal somatic growth.

PMID- 6430685
TI  - A novel role for somatomedin-C in the cytodifferentiation of the ovarian
      granulosa cell.
AB  - The role of somatomedin-C (Sm-C) in the acquisition of granulosa cell
      progesterone biosynthesis was investigated in vitro in a primary culture of rat
      granulosa cells cultured for 72 h under serum-free conditions. Basal progesterone
      accumulation was negligible and remained unaffected by treatment with highly
      purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml). Whereas treatment with FSH (20 ng/ml) produced a 9-fold
      increase in progesterone accumulation, the concurrent application of increasing
      concentrations (0.3-50 ng/ml) of Sm-C brought about dose-dependent increments in
      the FSH-stimulated accumulation of progesterone with a median effective dose of
      4.0 +/- (SE) 0.3 ng/ml and a maximal response 9.6-fold greater than that induced
      by FSH alone. A monoclonal antibody raised against Sm-C (sm 1.2) produced
      complete immunoneutralization of the synergistic interaction between FSH and Sm
      C, supporting the specificity of the Sm-C effect and arguing against the possible
      involvement of copurified contaminant(s) in the preparation used. Treatment of
      granulosa cells with the highest dose of Sm-C tested (50 ng/ml), in the absence
      or presence of FSH, did not result in significant alterations in cell number, DNA
      content, plating efficiency or viability. Taken together, our findings indicate
      that Sm-C is capable of synergizing with FSH in the induction of granulosa cell
      progesterone biosynthesis. Significantly, this ability of Sm-C to augment
      differentiated phenotypic expression of the developing granulosa cell is distinct
      from its well established growth-promoting property and may thus represent a
      novel biologic effect of this polypeptide.

PMID- 6430686
TI  - Discrepancy between immunoactivity and bioactivity of big-big and big human
      growth hormones in acromegaly.
AB  - The heterogeneity of hGH in the sera, culture media of tumor cells and tumor
      extract from acromegalic patients was studied employing gel chromatography, RIA
      and lymphoma cell bioassay. The chromatographic profile of the sera on Sephadex G
      100 (superfine) column showed three peaks: the major peak eluted with 125I-hGH
      (little hGH), the less retarded small peak (big hGH) and the peak at void volume
      (big-big hGH). Bioassay to radioimmunoassay ratio of big-big, big and little hGH
      were 1.07-5.75, 0.25-0.70 and 0.70-1.56, respectively. These ratios were not
      significantly different among the acromegalic sera obtained before and after TRH
      test. The longer duration sera were kept for, the higher percent of big-big hGH
      and the lower percent of little hGH the sera contained by RIA. The percentage of
      big-big hGH was less in the culture media of tumor cells than that in acromegalic
      sera, and the least in tumor extract by RIA. Rechromatography of big-big hGH
      fraction of tumor extract showed the conversion of big-big hGH to big and little
      hGHs. These data suggest that big-big hGH was artificially made from little and
      big hGH during storage. Rechromatography of fractions between big-big hGH and big
      hGH produced another peak (medium-big hGH) with approximately 80 K-90 K daltons
      of molecular weight. This peak was converted to almost a little hGH peak after
      mercaptoethanol treatment and was supposed to be a tetramer of little hGH.

PMID- 6430687
TI  - Biphasic release of thyrotropin in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) from rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro: possible dependence on protein
      synthesis.
AB  - Mechanisms related to the biphasic release of TSH were studied using primary
      cultured cells of the rat anterior pituitary gland on micro-carrier beads in a
      superfusion system. Release of TSH in response to continuous exposure to TRH
      exhibited a biphasic pattern; the first phase was characterized by a rapid,
      transient and high-rate release (phase I) and the second phase by a chronic and
      low-rate release (phase II). The shift of the release from phase I to phase II
      occurred by treatment with TRH at concentrations from submaximal to maximal. When
      the Ca2+ concentration in the medium was decreased, the phase I release was
      partially inhibited, while the phase II release was completely inhibited,
      suggesting a difference between the mechanisms in phase I and phase II release.
      The phase I release was not suppressed by cycloheximide. This protein synthesis
      independent release of phase I seemed to be linked to the intracellular
      releasable pool of TSH. The phase II release was suppressed by the presence of a
      protein synthesis inhibitor. After the phase II release was suppressed by
      cycloheximide, the magnitude of phase I release in response to re-exposure to TRH
      markedly decreased. The decreased phase I release in response to TRH was observed
      with the cells which were previously stimulated by high K+ instead of TRH,
      suggesting that the decrease in the response of phase I reflects the depletion of
      a releasable pool of TSH rather than homologous desensitization of thyrotrophs
      with TRH. These results suggest that the phase I release of TSH depends on a
      portion of the previously prepared-releasable pool while phase II release depends
      on previously prepared plus newly prepared pools of TSH. Replenishment of the
      releasable TSH pool was considered to involve protein synthesis.

PMID- 6430688
TI  - Hormone levels of anterior pituitary gland and serum in Nagase analbuminemia
      rats.
AB  - The hormone levels in the anterior pituitary gland and serum in Nagase
      analbuminemia rats (NAR), a mutant strain established from Sprague-Dawley rats
      with hyperlipidemia, were examined. For the anterior pituitary gland, the
      prolactin, TSH, GH, LH and FSH contents in male NAR were significantly lower than
      those of normal rats. In female NAR, prolactin, TSH and LH levels were also lower
      than those in normal rats, whereas FSH and GH were normal. For the serum, the
      concentrations of TSH, total T3, total and free T4, estradiol-17 beta and
      testosterone were examined. The serum testosterone concentration in NAR was lower
      than that of normal rats. Histochemical examination of the hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (HSD) activity of testes was made in relation to the serum
      testosterone level. NAR testes, which are rather small compared with those of
      normal rats, have lower HSD activity. A higher level of serum TSH was seen in
      NAR. Total and free T4 concentrations were low in the male NAR only. Estradiol-17
      beta and T3 concentrations in NAR were unchanged. Changes in serum LH and FSH
      levels during the estrous cycle in NAR were also studied. Their patterns of
      change are normal.

PMID- 6430689
TI  - A randomised trial of strategies to improve patient compliance with
      anticonvulsant therapy.
AB  - Fifty-three hospital outpatients with epilepsy were randomly allocated to either
      a control or an intervention group. Patients in the intervention group were
      subjected to a combination of compliance-improving strategies: patient
      counselling, a special medication container, self-recording of medication intake
      and seizures, and mailed reminders to collect prescription refills and attend
      clinic appointments. Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy (as measured by
      plasma anticonvulsant levels and prescription refill frequencies), and seizure
      frequency, were evaluated in each patient prior to intervention and 6 months
      afterwards. Patient compliance and clinical control improved significantly in the
      intervention group patients. Seizure frequency was, on average, halved following
      intervention. Compliance and seizure frequency were unaltered in the control
      group. Intervention failed to improve clinic appointment keeping. Poor compliance
      with drug therapy commonly confounds the treatment of epilepsy. This study shows
      that compliance can be improved and seizure frequency lessened by strategies that
      are easily incorporated into the routine management of epileptic patients.

PMID- 6430690
TI  - Influence of therapeutic phenobarbital and phenytoin medication on the
      polygraphic sleep of patients with epilepsy.
AB  - Sleep is a modulator of seizure activity, and many antiepileptic drugs are
      modulators of sleep. Can influences on sleep organization be involved in
      antiepileptic drug action, and can these partly account for differences in drug
      response of various epileptic syndromes? Much more exact data must be collected
      before these questions can be adequately discussed. The polygraphic sleep of 40
      unmedicated epileptic patients was recorded and compared with polygraphy after
      adjustment to therapeutic steady states of phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (DPH)
      (as sequential sole agents in a crossover design with random sequence). With PB,
      patients fell asleep more rapidly and had fewer movements, movement arousals, and
      arousal awakenings, all of which could be beneficial, especially for patients
      with generalized epilepsy. Light sleep was increased, and REM sleep decreased.
      The usual sleep pattern was altered, with maximal deep sleep early and maximal
      REM sleep late in the night. PB seemed to have maximal effect in the first REM
      cycle. With DPH, sleep onset also came sooner, but light sleep was decreased and
      deep sleep increased, with no alteration of REM sleep. In contrast to PB, the
      changes in sleep organization were toward leveling the distribution of deep NREM
      sleep. The maximal alterations were observed in the third REM cycle. With both
      drugs, there were some differences in the response of generalized as opposed to
      focal epilepsies, and of awakening as opposed to sleep epilepsies. Thus, the
      early REM cycles seemed to be more modifiable by drugs in patients with
      generalized or awakening epilepsies than in patients with focal or sleep
      epilepsies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430691
TI  - Interactions between anticonvulsants and other commonly prescribed drugs.
AB  - Many drug interactions can be demonstrated, but only a few are so clinically
      significant that they necessitate adjusting drug dosages. The same drug
      combination may produce changes of variable extent or direction in different
      individuals. The reasons for this variability include genetic control of the rate
      and inducibility of drug metabolism, and environmental factors such as contact
      with chemicals. Among antimicrobial agents, chloramphenicol may cause
      accumulation of phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbital (PB), and isoniazid may cause
      PHT, carbamazepine (CBZ), and primidone (PRM) to accumulate. Erythromycin may
      cause accumulation of CBZ. Among anti-ulcer agents, antacids may reduce PHT
      concentration while cimetidine may cause accumulation of PHT, CBZ, and diazepam
      (DZP). Salicylates displace strongly binding drugs such as PHT, DZP, or valproate
      (VPA) from the binding sites in plasma proteins, which may lead to some decline
      of the total plasma level with an increase in the unbound drug percentage.
      Conversely, anticonvulsants may influence the dosage requirements of oral
      anticoagulants by inducing their metabolism. Failures of oral contraceptives have
      been attributed to anticonvulsants in some patients. Probably the most
      predictable interaction that necessitates dosage adjustment is accumulation of PB
      caused by VPA. Intentional inhibition of PRM metabolism by nicotinamide serves as
      an example of attempts to utilize an interaction for improved therapeutic effect.

PMID- 6430692
TI  - The relevance of secondary epileptogenesis to the treatment of epilepsy: kindling
      and the mirror focus.
AB  - Human beings with partial epilepsy and demonstrable cerebral lesions show, in
      addition to ipsilateral epileptiform EEG discharges, apparently independent
      epileptiform discharges from the opposite hemisphere. Patients with apparent
      unilateral focal onset of their partial seizures but without demonstrable lesions
      also frequently display what appear to be bilaterally independent EEG foci. When
      surgical treatment or medical prognosis is considered and there is no
      demonstrable lesion, the decision of which of the two apparent foci is primarily
      responsible for the seizures is often difficult. Even with a known structural
      lesion the question arises whether, following its removal, the contralateral
      focus will persist and will be epileptogenic. Two related experimental phenomena
      bear directly on these questions- kindling and the mirror focus. This
      presentation looks critically at existing evidence and finds that it fails to
      support the idea that kindling and the mirror focus have roles in human epilepsy
      that currently should influence clinical decisions.

PMID- 6430693
TI  - The use and impact of positron computed tomography scanning in epilepsy.
AB  - Through the effective combination of instrumentation, tracer kinetic principles,
      and radiopharmaceuticals, positron computed tomography (PET) allows for the
      analytic, noninvasive measurement of local tissue physiology in humans. A large
      number of studies have already been performed in patients with epilepsy using 18F
      fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to measure local cerebral glucose utilization. In
      patients with complex partial epilepsy who are candidates for surgery,
      hypometabolic zones have been seen consistently (70%) in the interictal state.
      These areas of hypometabolism have been related to electroencephalographic
      findings, surgical pathology, and clinical symptomatology. The complex anatomical
      and pathophysiological investigation of these hypometabolic zones is discussed.
      Ictal studies of patients with partial seizures have demonstrated a much more
      variable metabolic pattern which usually consists of hypermetabolism relative to
      baseline or interictal studies. Generalized epilepsy produced by
      electroconvulsive shock and petit mal epilepsy have been studied using FDG to
      estimate glucose metabolism. These studies demonstrated hypermetabolism in the
      ictal state, relative to interictal or postictal scans, but with a more
      generalized pattern than ictal studies of partial seizures. Methodological
      problems in the study of epilepsy with PET are discussed in detail. The
      investigation of interictal hypometabolism through animal models of epilepsy and
      quantitative autoradiography is described as a means to understand the human PET
      results. The impact and future direction of PET studies in epileptic populations
      will probably employ the use of behavioral, pharmacological, and
      electrophysiological maneuvers to provide more specific details about the
      fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of specific aspects of epilepsy. These
      techniques may allow for a truly pathophysiological classification system for the
      common and unusual types of epilepsy, and through this classification system
      improve the therapeutic and prognostic clinical approach to patients.

PMID- 6430694
TI  - Repeating functional domains in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Each polypeptide chain in the lipoate acetyltransferase (E2) core of the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli contains three repeating sequences in
      the N-terminal half of the molecule. The repeats are highly homologous in primary
      structure and each includes a lysine residue that is a potential site for
      lipoylation. We have shown that all three sites are lipoylated, at least in part,
      and that the three lipoylated segments of the E2 chain can be isolated as
      distinct functional domains after limited proteolysis. Each domain becomes partly
      acetylated in the intact complex in the presence of substrate. In the primary
      structure, the domains are separated by regions of polypeptide chain oddly rich
      in alanine and proline residues. These regions are probably the conformationally
      mobile segments observed in the 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of the complex and which are
      removed by tryptic cleavage at Lys-316. The C-terminal half of the molecule
      contains the acetyltransferase active site and the binding sites for E1, E3 and
      other E2 subunits. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of E. coli, which has a
      heterogeneous quaternary structure, is thus far unique among the 2-oxo acid
      dehydrogenase complexes in possessing more than one lipoyl domain per E2 chain,
      but this may be a general feature of the enzyme from Gram-negative organisms.

PMID- 6430695
TI  - The rare transcripts of interrupted rRNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster are
      processed or degraded during synthesis.
AB  - About 50% of the ribosomal transcription units in females of the bobbed 8 mutant
      of Drosophila melanogaster contain an intervening sequence of 5 kb in the 28S
      region of the gene. We analysed the transcription of ribosomal genes in this
      mutant using electron microscopy and found that the majority of the active
      ribosomal transcription units in larval fat bodies and guts are not long enough
      to contain the 5-kb intervening sequence; only approximately 1% of active
      transcription units have a length consistent with the presence of the 5-kb
      intervening sequence. Transcription units of this length show an interrupted
      gradient of nascent RNA fibril lengths indicative of processing or degradation
      during transcription. The position of the discontinuity in RNA length coincides
      with the position of the intervening sequence. This observation suggests that
      even though RNA polymerase may infrequently transcribe an entire interrupted
      gene, the process does not result in a full-length RNA.

PMID- 6430696
TI  - Antibodies against a fused 'lacZ-yeast mitochondrial intron' gene product allow
      identification of the mRNA maturase encoded by the fourth intron of the yeast cob
      box gene.
AB  - Several missense or nonsense mutations have been localized in the fourth intron
      open reading frame (ORF) of the yeast mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. These
      results and the phenotypes of mutants strongly suggested that a mRNA maturase,
      controlling the expression of both cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit I
      (COXI) genes, is encoded in this ORF. To investigate more directly the
      biosynthesis of mRNA maturase we raised antibodies against a part of the putative
      ORF translation product. For that purpose we inserted a fragment of the ORF
      sequence, in phase, into the C-terminal EcoRI site of lacZ gene. The hybrid gene
      was then expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of either the wild-type
      lac promoter or the thermoregulated lambda system PR/cI857. The hybrid protein
      was partially purified and antibodies were raised against it. These antibodies
      recognized a mitochondrially coded protein, p27, in intron mutants, whereas no
      such protein was detected in the wild-type cell. These results demonstrate that
      the p27 protein, previously shown to be associated with the mRNA maturase
      activity, is actually translated from the intron ORF. The autoregulated mRNA
      maturase synthesis model is discussed in relation to these results.

PMID- 6430697
TI  - Mutations affecting excision of the intron from a eukaryotic dimeric tRNA
      precursor.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe opal suppressor serine
      tRNA gene (sup9-e) and of 12 in vivo-generated mutant genes, which have lost the
      ability to suppress UGA mutations, have been determined. Analysis of the
      expression of these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro and in vivo
      systems has revealed defects in tRNA gene transcription and precursor tRNA
      processing. Single base changes in the D-loop, the intron and the extra arm
      affect the efficiency of splicing of the tRNA precursors while an anti-codon stem
      mutation may affect the accuracy of this process. Two mutations which occur in
      the intervening sequence of the sup9-e gene allow an alternate tRNA base pairing
      configuration. Transcription of the sup9-e gene and of the adjacent tRNAMet gene
      (located 7 bp downstream) is essentially abolished in vivo by a G----A19 mutation
      in the tRNASer gene, suggesting that tRNAMet may be derived solely via processing
      of the tRNASer-tRNAMet dimeric precursor.

PMID- 6430698
TI  - IgA protease of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: isolation and characterization of the gene
      and its extracellular product.
AB  - Gonococcal virulence is thought to rely on multiple characteristics including the
      production of an extracellular protease specific for human IgA1. Using a
      sensitive filter assay we have isolated an Escherichia coli clone which harbours
      the gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11 IgA protease on a multicopy number
      plasmid. This clone secrets IgA protease activity to an extent similar to that of
      the parental MS11 strain. By exonucleolytic digestion of the cloned insert we
      obtained a fragment of 4.6 kb which could not be shortened further without loss
      of IgA protease expression. Compared with the cloned IgA protease gene from N.
      gonorrhoeae F62, this minimal gene segment shows marked differences in the
      arrangement of restriction sites. We suppose that these differences determine
      strain-specific variations of N. gonorrhoeae IgA proteases and also affect the
      secretory properties of the enzyme when produced in E. coli. A novel purification
      procedure developed for IgA protease of N. gonorrhoeae allowed us to correlate
      the enzyme activity with a distinct protein band in SDS acrylamide gels. By
      comparison with the enzyme prepared from the E. coli clone, we identified a 105
      kd protein as the extracellular form of gonococcal IgA protease.

PMID- 6430699
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the archaebacterium
      Halococcus morrhua.
AB  - The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from the archaebacterium Halococcus morrhua was
      determined by the dideoxynucleotide sequencing method. It is 1475 nucleotides
      long. This is the second archaebacterial sequence to be determined and it
      provides sequence comparison evidence for the secondary structural elements
      confined to the RNAs of this kingdom and, also, support for controversial or
      additional base pairing in the eubacterial RNAs. Six structural features are
      localized that have varied during the evolution of the archaebacteria, eubacteria
      and eukaryotes. Moreover, although the secondary structures of both sequenced
      archaebacterial RNAs strongly resemble those of eubacteria, they contain
      sufficient eukaryotic-like structural characteristics to reinforce the view that
      they belong to a separate line of evolutionary descent.

PMID- 6430700
TI  - The pattern of epilepsy in Ethiopia: analysis of 468 cases.

PMID- 6430701
TI  - Modification of amino groups in EF-Tu.GTP and the ternary complex EF-Tu.GTP.valyl
      tRNAVal.
AB  - In an attempt to describe the binding region of EF-Tu . GTP for aminoacyl-tRNA,
      the epsilon-amino groups of the lysine residues of the protein molecule in the
      GTP and ternary complexes were modified with ethyl acetimidate. Using [14C]ethyl
      acetimidate, tryptic digestion, fractionation of peptides by high-performance
      liquid chromatography, and amino acid analysis, all reactive lysine residues
      could be unambiguously identified. 19 of the 23 lysine residues of EF-Tu were
      labelled under conditions for ternary complex stability. Of these only 8 showed
      differences in reactivity between free and complexed EF-Tu . GTP. In the ternary
      complex lysine residues 208 and 390 [Jones, M. D., Petersen, T. E., Nielsen, K.
      M., Magnusson, S., Sotterup-Jensen, L., Gausing, K. and Clark, B. F. C. (1980)
      Eur. J. Biochem. 108, 507-526] showed an increase in reactivity (60% and 30%
      respectively) and residues 2, 4, 237, 248, 263, and 282 showed a decrease in
      reactivity (between 85% and 37%) compared to the values observed with EF-Tu .
      GTP. The greatest changes in reactivity were observed for lysine residues 2, 4
      and 263. These data can be combined with the available structural information to
      identify possible areas of contact between the protein and nucleic acid moieties
      in the ternary complex.

PMID- 6430702
TI  - Structure of the capsular antigen of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup H.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup H is composed of
      the following repeating unit, Gro = glycerol; (formula; see text) Partial O
      acetylation of the D-Galp moieties is found for C-2 (21%) and C-3 (57%). The
      structural elucidation of the biopolymer is based on sugar analysis, methylation
      analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, using gas-liquid chromatography/mass
      spectrometry studies, and NMR spectroscopy with 1H, 13C and 31P.

PMID- 6430703
TI  - Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Partial purification of a chloroplast
      protease involved in the processing of important precursor polypeptides.
AB  - We have partially purified a soluble protease from Pisum sativum chloroplasts
      involved in the processing of precursor polypeptides imported into the organelle.
      The enzyme processes precursors of both stromal and thylakoid proteins to the
      mature size, but is inactive against all proteins so far tested other than
      precursors destined for the chloroplast. The enzyme processes precursors from
      wheat and barley, and is therefore not species-specific. It has a relative
      molecular mass of about 180 000 and a pH optimum near 9. The enzyme is inhibited
      by ethylenediamine tetraacetate and 1,10-phenanthroline but not by serine- or
      thiol-protease inhibitors.

PMID- 6430704
TI  - Enzymic synthesis of the iron-sulfur cluster of spinach ferredoxin.
AB  - A biologically active spinach ferredoxin was reconstituted from the apoprotein by
      incubation with catalytic amounts of the sulfurtransferase rhodanese in the
      presence of thiosulfate, reduced lipoate and ferric ammonium citrate. Analytical
      and spectroscopical features of the reconstituted ferredoxin were identical to
      those of the native one; yield of the reconstitution reaction was 80%. Yields and
      kinetic parameters of the enzymic and chemical reconstitution were also compared.
      The higher efficiency of the enzymic system is ascribed to a productive
      interaction between rhodanese and apoferredoxin favouring the process of cluster
      build-up and insertion. The physiological relevance of this synthetic activity is
      discussed.

PMID- 6430705
TI  - A kinetic evaluation of 14CO2 in expired air after 14C-methacetin administration
      in rats, used for the in vivo study of the metabolism of drugs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the blood level and the patterns of 14CO2 exhalation were
      determined simultaneously following i.v. administration of 14C-methacetin to the
      conscious rat. The pattern of exhalation of 14CO2 did not parallel the
      biexponential decline of radioactivity in the blood and a delay of 30-40 min
      preceded the maximal rate of 14CO2 exhalation. The total radioactivity exhaled
      remained constant at 56 +/- 4.5% (SD) of the applied dose throughout a tenfold
      dose range of methacetin (0.6, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg i.p.), administered to groups of
      three rats each and measured over a period of 4 hours. The pattern of radiolabel
      exhalation was biexponential with the low dose, linear with the medium dose and
      convex with the high dose. Although the total fraction of the label expired after
      4 hours remained constant, the rates of exhalation at the higher dosages
      exhibited saturation type kinetics. At the higher dosage, since the pattern of
      14CO2 exhalation did not accurately reflect the decline of methacetin seen in
      blood, one of the steps occurring between the demethylation process and the
      production of expired CO2 appears to be rate limiting. Significant increases in
      the amount of 14CO2 exhaled within 1 hour were obtained by pretreatment with
      phenobarbital, rifampicin and 3-methylcholanthrene. Again the proportion of
      radiolabel expired in 4 hours remained constant. Acute hepatic injury produced by
      pretreatment with graded doses of carbon tetrachloride resulted in graded
      reductions in the amount of 14CO2 exhaled in the first hour, although the total
      amount exhaled during the 4 hour collection period did not change.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430706
TI  - Phase II randomized trial of radiotherapy alone vs the sequential use of
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Phase II
      trial of chemotherapy alone in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - In order to clarify if the sequential combination of chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy offered any advantage over radiotherapy alone in stage III non-small
      cell lung cancer, 33 patients were randomized between radiotherapy alone or
      chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, then chemotherapy again. Chemotherapy
      consisted of a combination of cisplatinum, VP-16 and adriamycin. Twenty-four
      patients with stage IV disease received the same chemotherapy regimen alone for
      six cycles. Median survival for stage III patients receiving radiotherapy alone
      was 5 months. For patients receiving the sequential combination of chemotherapy
      and radiotherapy median survival was 11 months (log-rank test, P = 0.025). Median
      survival for stage IV patient receiving chemotherapy alone was 15 months. It is
      concluded that the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is
      significantly superior to radiotherapy alone in patients with stage III non-small
      cell lung cancer.

PMID- 6430707
TI  - Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts: responses to DNA-interacting agents and
      agents used in current clinical therapy.
AB  - A laboratory model of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has been used to evaluate
      cytotoxic agents used in current clinical protocols, and DNA-reacting agents that
      have had either limited or no evaluation in this histiotype. Seven lines of RMS
      each derived from a different patient were grown as xenografts in immune-deprived
      mice, six of these being from specimens derived from previously untreated
      patients. Of the 'conventional' agents, vincristine was the most effective. Of
      the other agents evaluated [L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP), mitomycin C and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)
      imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC)], L-PAM caused complete regressions in six of
      seven lines, including those resistant to cyclophosphamide. DTIC had marked
      activity in five tumors, and mitomycin C in three lines. Cyclophosphamide was
      active in five tumors, although efficacy was less marked in two lines in
      comparison to DTIC and mitomycin C.

PMID- 6430708
TI  - Spontaneous production of interleukin 3 by T lymphocytes from autoimmune MRL/MP
      lpr/lpr mice.
AB  - MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease and a
      massive generalized lymphadenopathy associated with proliferation of nonmalignant
      Thy-1+ Lyt-1+ cells. The mechanism(s) leading to outgrowth of these cells is
      unknown. We report here that Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, Lyt2- lymphocytes from spleens of
      MRL/lpr mice, but not from several strains of normal mice, spontaneously secrete
      IL3. The presence of IL3 is shown by: (a) the ability of the supernatants from
      unstimulated spleen cells of MRL/lpr (MRL/lpr SUP) to support growth of IL3 but
      not IL2 addicted cells and (b) the growth-promoting activity in MRL/lpr SUP was
      absorbed with IL3-dependent cells but not with IL2-dependent cells. Spontaneous
      release of IL3 was detected in supernatants from spleen cells of 6-week-old
      MRL/lpr mice and the titers of IL3 activity increased with age. Nylon wool
      enriched cells from spleens of MRL/lpr mice proliferated in response to purified
      IL3 and IL3 secreted by MRL/lpr T cells, in a manner similar to nylon wool-passed
      cells from normal mice. The cells responding to both sources of IL3 were Thy-1+,
      Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-. Thus, Thy-1+, Lyt-1+,2- cells from spleen of MRL/lpr mice
      spontaneously secrete IL3 and respond normally to this lymphokine. Four Thy-1+,
      Lyt-1+,2- cell lines derived from unstimulated spleen cells of MRL/lpr mice were
      established in culture with IL3. These IL3-sensitive T cell lines help syngeneic
      and H-2 compatible normal small "resting" B cells to mature into plasma cells
      secreting predominantly IgG1, IgG2 and IgA. Taken together, these data and
      previous findings that T cells from MRL/lpr mice have an impaired production of
      and response to IL2, strongly suggest that abnormal production of IL3 may account
      for the outgrowth of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+,2- cells in the MRL/lpr mouse. Finally, a
      mechanism linking abnormal production of IL3 and B cell hyperactivity in these
      animals is proposed.

PMID- 6430709
TI  - Characterization of human granular lymphocyte subpopulations expressing HNK-1
      (Leu-7) and Leu-11 antigens in the blood and lymphoid tissues from fetuses,
      neonates and adults.
AB  - Three subpopulations of human granular lymphocytes from blood and lymphoid
      tissues were characterized using combinations of the monoclonal antibodies (mAb)
      HNK-1 (Leu-7), Leu-11 and VEP13. Each subpopulation was confirmed to possess
      natural killer (NK) cell functional capability, but a different level of
      cytotoxic efficiency (HNK-1+leu-11- less than HNK-1+Leu-11+ less than HNK-1-Leu
      11+). In adult from 23 healthy donors, the subpopulations with HNK-1+Leu-11-, HNK
      1+Leu-11+ and HNK-1-Leu-11+ phenotypes comprised 4.7 +/- 3.0, 8.0 +/- 6.4 and 3.9
      +/- 3.5% of mononuclear cells, respectively. Despite their distinct surface
      marker phenotypes and NK functional ability, all 3 subpopulations exhibited
      granular lymphocyte morphology. One of these subpopulations, HNK-1+Leu-11-, also
      expressed the pan-T cell antigen Leu-4. Different patterns were observed in fetal
      bone marrow and cord blood, where the vast majority of HNK-1+ cells lacked the
      Leu-11 antigen (HNK-1+Leu-11+ cells). The HNK-1 antigen was not expressed on
      granulocytes and their precursors, whereas both Leu-11 and VEP13 antigens were
      expressed on these myeloid cells from fetal bone marrow and cord blood as well as
      adult bone marrow and spleen. Cell lines of granular lymphocytes cultured in the
      presence of interleukin 2 all possessed the HNK-1+Leu-4+ phenotype and NK
      functional capability but lacked the Leu-11 and VEP13 antigens on their surface
      after 15 days of culture. Although granular lymphocytes expressing the Fc
      receptors reacting with the mAb Leu-11 and VEP13, are the most functionally
      active NK cells, the HNK-1+ subpopulation lacking the Leu-11 and VEP13 antigens
      appears to be an important population (possibly an immature form of granular
      lymphocytes) for delineating the cell lineage(s) and differentiation of human
      granular lymphocytes. Although none of the currently available mAb react both
      inclusively and exclusively with human granular lymphocytes, the combination
      usage of these antibodies permits a more precise and comprehensive analysis of
      these subsets.

PMID- 6430710
TI  - Dissociation of responses measured by natural cytotoxicity and chemiluminescence.
AB  - Monocyte/macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity requires the generation of activated
      oxygen radicals, which can be measured by chemiluminescence (CL). To investigate
      whether natural killer (NK) cell activity required activated oxygen species, both
      cytotoxicity against K562 target cells and CL were measured in cell populations
      of human peripheral blood. The following results were obtained: (a) Peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (MNC) showed NK activity and a response in CL, which
      could be induced by viable or paraformaldehyde-fixed K562 target cells as well as
      by latex particles. (b) Both T cells and non-T cells exhibited NK activity, but T
      cells gave no K562- or latex-induced CL responses. (c) Depletion of phagocytic
      cells from MNC abolished CL, but only marginally affected NK activity. (d)
      Reconstitution of phagocyte-depleted MNC with adherent cells revealed a
      superadditive enhanced CL response, but had no augmenting effect on NK activity.
      (e) Phagocyte-depleted cell populations, enriched for NK activity by density
      gradient centrifugation, did not respond in K562- and latex-induced CL. (f) MNC,
      highly enriched for NK activity by cell sorting with a cytofluorograf using the
      fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-11a, responded
      only with reduced CL, whereas the NK activity was enriched up to 45-fold. From
      these results it is concluded that NK cell-mediated cytolysis of K562 target
      cells and K562-induced CL are not functionally correlated, but represent
      properties of two distinct cell populations, namely NK cells and monocytes.

PMID- 6430711
TI  - Frequency of lambda light chain subtypes in mouse antibodies to the 2,4
      dinitrophenyl (DNP) group.
AB  - Of the three lambda chain subtypes made by inbred mice, chains of the lambda 1
      subtype are much more frequent than those of the other subtypes (lambda 2,lambda
      3) in antibodies (Ab) to those few antigenic structures that are known to elicit
      responses, in which lambda chains are the predominant type of light chain [(4
      hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) and dextran]. The reason for the frequency
      differences are not understood, and the large difference between the lambda 1 and
      lambda 3 frequencies is particularly puzzling, because in nearly all (about 95%)
      chains of these subtypes the N-terminal 97 or 98 amino acids are endoded by the
      same V lambda-gene segment. In an effort to identify an Ab response that has
      different lambda subtype frequencies, we analyzed the light chains of the Ab made
      by BALB/c and B6 mice in response to 2,4-dinitrophenylated chicken gamma globulin
      (DNP-CGG). We found that approximately 40% of the elicited anti-DNP molecules had
      lambda chains and of these approximately 40% were of the lambda 2 or lambda 3
      subtype. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the lambda 2 and
      lambda 3 chains were about equally abundant. Similar lambda subtype frequencies
      were found in the anti-DNP Ab produced by the hybridoma made with spleen cells
      from the same immunized mice. In the anti-DNP Ab elicited by DNP-CGG and in the
      anti-NP Ab elicited by NP-CGG the different lambda subtype frequencies (lambda
      1/lambda 2 + lambda 3 = ca. 1.0-1.5 in anti-DNP and ca. 30 in anti-NP) were
      unaffected by immunizing mice with each of these antigens alone or with a mixture
      of the two. This finding, though preliminary, suggests that isotype-specific
      regulatory T cells are not responsible for the markedly different lambda subtype
      frequencies in anti-DNP and anti-NP Ab.

PMID- 6430712
TI  - Chylothorax as a complication of Waldenstrom's disease.
AB  - We describe a case of chylothorax associated with Waldenstrom's disease,
      interpreted as a rare complication of this disease. The chylothorax is probably
      caused by lympho-reticular infiltration of the thoracic duct. In non-traumatic
      chylothorax, occurring in an adult, Waldenstrom's disease should be considered as
      a possible primary cause.

PMID- 6430714
TI  - Differential lethality following treatment with ionizing radiations of various
      energies in Drosophila.
AB  - Male and female gametes of Drosophila were treated with various doses of ionizing
      radiations: X-rays at different energy, and gamma-rays from 2 sources given
      singly and in 2 temporal sequences. The induced lethality was assessed in
      successive developmental stages by scoring the number of eggs, larvae and adults.
      The results clearly show that the effects of various radiations appear in terms
      of difference among developmental stages and/or between treated sexes/genotypes.
      It is suggested that the various energies affect different gene functions which
      are not completely independent, as supported by the non-additive effects of the
      two temporal sequences.

PMID- 6430713
TI  - The effect of nifedipine and verapamil on KC1-induced rhythmic contractions of
      guinea pig ureter in vitro.
AB  - Addition of KC1 (40 mM) produced rhythmic contractions of guinea-pig ureters in
      vitro which were unaffected by phentolamine, atropine or tetrodotoxin. KC1 failed
      to elicit rhythmic contractions of ureters incubated in a Krebs solution with no
      added Ca++; in these conditions the addition of CaC12 in concentrations of 1.5
      mM, or higher, produced rhythmic contractions whose frequency, but not amplitude,
      was proportional to CaC12 concentration in the bathing medium. EDTA reduced the
      frequency of KC1-induced rhythmic contractions without affecting their amplitude.
      Nifedipine and verapamil reduced both the frequency and the amplitude of KC1
      induced rhythmic contraction; verapamil was more effective than nifedipine in
      reducing their amplitude. Urethane reduced the amplitude without significantly
      affecting the frequency of KC1-induced rhythmic contractions. An increase in the
      extracellular Ca++ concentration reverted the suppressive effect of all drugs
      under study. These results suggest that an influx of Ca++ from the extracellular
      space is responsible for the initiation of KC1-induced rhythmic contractions and
      is involved in the mechanism(s) which regulates their frequency, but that a
      separate mechanism regulates their amplitude.

PMID- 6430715
TI  - [Enrichment media used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

PMID- 6430716
TI  - Rate and duration of net glycogen synthesis following glucose administration to
      fasted human leukocytes.
AB  - When glucose was added to fasted human leukocytes in a final concentration of 0.5
      5 mM there was a phase of glycogen synthesis followed by a phase of glycogen
      breakdown. The duration of the phase of net glycogen synthesis increased with
      increasing concentrations of glucose applied, but the net rate of glycogen
      synthesis was inversely related to this figure and decreased from approx. 7
      nmol/10(7) cells per min at 0.5 mM glucose to an average of 4 nmol/10(7) cells
      per min at 5 mM glucose.

PMID- 6430717
TI  - Structural study of hemoglobin Hazebrouck, beta 38(C4)Thr----Pro. A new abnormal
      hemoglobin with instability and low oxygen affinity.
AB  - A new beta-variant has been detected and structurally defined in a French male,
      with a life-long history of hemolytic anemia. This variant is moderately unstable
      and has a low oxygen affinity. The abnormal hemoglobin was not detected by
      standard electrophoretic procedures. It moved slightly slower than Hb A during
      isoelectric focusing (IEF). Two minor fractions were also seen; the first
      migrated just cathodal to Hb F, as did partially oxidized Hb A or hemichrome
      derivatives of some unstable hemoglobins; the second in the position of free
      alpha-chains. The abnormal beta-chain was readily separated from both beta A- and
      alpha A-chains by acid-urea-Triton globin chain electrophoresis. Structural study
      was conducted simultaneously by fingerprinting and high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) of tryptic peptides. A new mutation beta 38(C4)Thr----Pro
      was found, which was named Hb Hazebrouck.

PMID- 6430718
TI  - Site-specific cleavage of double-strand DNA by hydroperoxide of linoleic acid.
AB  - The breakage of double-strand (ds) DNA by 13-L-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11
      octadecadienoic acid (LAHPO) was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis of
      supercoiled pBR322 DNA and the site of cleavage on the DNA molecule was
      determined by the method of DNA sequence analysis using 3'-end and 5'-end-labeled
      DNA fragments as substrates. LAHPO caused cleavage at the position of guanine
      nucleotide in dsDNA. LAHPO caused dsDNA breaks at specific sites, but linoleic
      acid (LA) and 13-L-hydroxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (LAHO) have no
      such effects on dsDNA. The active oxygen atom of the hydroperoxy group of LAHPO
      was perhaps responsible for the site-specific cleavage of dsDNA.

PMID- 6430719
TI  - Isozymes of glycogen synthase.
AB  - Antisera to rat skeletal muscle glycogen synthase failed to recognize liver
      glycogen synthase by electroblot analysis. The antisera recognized the enzyme in
      skeletal muscle, heart, fat, kidney, and brain. The results support the
      hypothesis that there are at least two isozymes of glycogen synthase, and that
      most tissues contain a form similar or identical to the skeletal muscle type.
      There is a virtual absence of the muscle-type enzyme in adult rat liver.

PMID- 6430720
TI  - Interaction between calmodulin and microtubule-associated proteins prepared at
      different stages of brain development.
AB  - Rat brain microtubules were prepared at the adult stage and from immature (i.e.,
      4-day-old) animals. At an early stage of development, the composition of
      microtubule-associated proteins is qualitatively different from that found at the
      adult stage [(1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 465-471]. The influence of calmodulin
      on the time course of assembly of second cycle microtubules was compared at both
      stages of brain development (i.e., microtubules originating from 4-day-old and
      adult animals). In the presence of Ca2+ the inhibition of microtubule assembly
      was more pronounced at a young stage of brain development than at the adult
      stage. Cross-linking studies with 125I-labeled calmodulin further established
      that the two major microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2 and TAU were able to
      bind to calmodulin at both stages of brain development but with different
      intensities. The labeling with 125I-labeled calmodulin was Ca2+-dependent,
      specific, displaced by unlabeled calmodulin and trifluoperazine.

PMID- 6430721
TI  - Two-dimensional NMR approaches to the study of protein structure and function.
AB  - Two-dimensional Fourier transform methods for homonuclear proton NMR spectroscopy
      have been introduced by Wuthrich and Ernst as a means of extending assignments in
      spectra of proteins. Multinuclear two-dimensional approaches also appear
      promising. We are applying current one- and two-dimensional NMR methods to
      protein family members that differ from one another by one or more amino acid
      substitutions. The overall goal is to elucidate relationships among the
      sequences, structures, and functions of these proteins: for example, to delineate
      primary structural requirements for changes in observable properties such as
      conformation, amino acid side chain dynamics, hydrogen exchange dynamics, pK'a
      values, and oxidation-reduction potentials. The ovomucoids from a variety of
      species of birds, which include a single set of 12 pairs of third-domain proteins
      (Mr = 6062 for turkey third domain, similar for others) that differ by single
      amino acid substitutions, provide a favorable system for the study of the
      structural and dynamic effects of single amino acid replacements. X-ray
      crystallographic structures of two ovomucoid third domains are available. Other
      series of proteins being studied by these methods include the photosynthetic
      electron transport proteins ferredoxin and plastocyanin.

PMID- 6430722
TI  - Delaying human chorionic gonadotropin administration in human menopausal
      gonadotropin-induced cycles decreases successful in vitro fertilization of human
      oocytes.
AB  - Correct timing of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in induced
      cycles for in vitro fertilization is of crucial importance to oocyte maturation
      and normal luteal function. The purpose of this work was to compare the effect of
      hCG timing on follicular development, oocyte maturation, and fertilization in
      vitro, as well as on the pattern of luteal phase hormone secretion. Ovulation was
      induced in 32 normally cycling women by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/hCG
      administration. In the first group (17 women) 10,000 IU hCG was administered 24
      hours after the last injection of hMG and in the second group (15 women) 48 to 72
      hours after the last hMG injection. Serum estradiol levels prior to oocyte
      aspiration were similar in both groups, as were the numbers of large follicles on
      the day of hCG administration (4.5 +/- 2.3 versus 4.1 +/- 1.9 follicles/woman,
      respectively). The distribution of oocyte-corona-cumulus complexes was similar in
      both groups and was comprised of 11% immature, 43% intermediate, and 45% mature
      complexes. The fertilization rate, however, was significantly (P less than 0.001)
      reduced in the group treated by delayed hCG injection (57% versus 84%), and the
      percentage of degenerated oocytes was increased (9% versus 1%). Luteal phase
      length as well as progesterone and estradiol levels were comparable in both
      groups. It is concluded that an interval longer than 24 hours between the last
      injection of hMG and the administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG does not
      affect follicular and luteal phase serum steroid patterns but may result in a
      decreased oocyte fertilization rate, possibly due to atretic changes in the
      follicles.

PMID- 6430723
TI  - Luteotropic effects of tamoxifen in infertile women.
AB  - Tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg/day for 5 days was given to five infertile women in
      the luteal phase. Daily serum samples were obtained during the luteal phase for
      radioimmunoassay of progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating
      hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin levels. The integrated luteal
      phase concentrations of serum P and E2 before and after cycles of tamoxifen
      treatment increased from 87.8 +/- 16.2 ng/ml and 1120 +/- 164.4 pg/ml to 131.6 +/
      18.9 ng/ml and 1461 +/- 205.2 pg/ml, respectively (P less than 0.01 and P less
      than 0.05). No apparent increase in circulating LH levels was seen in one of the
      five cases, but this patient's serum P and E2 levels rose nonetheless. This
      suggests that the significant increase in circulating P and E2 induced by
      tamoxifen is not consistently associated with an increase in serum LH
      concentration.

PMID- 6430724
TI  - Inhibin activity of preovulatory follicles of gonadotropin-treated and untreated
      women.
AB  - In order to determine whether treatment of endocrinologically normal women with
      human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) led to
      alternations in follicular fluid inhibin activity and steroids, both inhibin
      activity and steroid levels were measured in follicular fluid of 10 follicles of
      9 women treated with hMG/hCG and in follicular fluid of 15 preovulatory follicles
      of 15 untreated women. The women were given 150 IU hMG daily from day 3 until the
      serum estrogen levels were greater than 300 pg/ml, at which time hMG was
      discontinued and 10,000 IU hCG was given 50 hours later. Follicular fluid was
      aspirated from all visible follicles 36 hours after hCG. Women treated with
      hMG/hCG had multiple (two to five) follicles containing 1.5 to 4.5 ml of
      follicular fluid and a mature oocyte and elevated serum estrogen (400 to 800
      pg/ml) on the day after hCG treatment. At the time of follicular fluid recovery,
      there was more inhibin activity (204 +/- 14 U/10 ml) in the hMG/hCG-stimulated
      follicles than in unstimulated follicles of a control group of women (65 +/- 14,
      mean +/- standard error, P less than 0.05). Follicular fluid from follicles of
      hMG/hCG-treated women had lower estrogen and progesterone levels, compared with
      normal preovulatory women. These data show that treatment of patients with
      hMG/hCG is associated with elevated follicular fluid inhibin activity.

PMID- 6430725
TI  - Free L-carnitine in human semen: its variability in different andrologic
      pathologies.
AB  - Free L-carnitine was assayed in semen from patients with various andrologic
      diseases by an enzymatic-spectrophotometric method. Extremely low concentrations
      were found in semen from patients with agenesis of the vas deferens (31.8 +/-
      18.8 nm/ml). Semen from men with vasectomies contains a higher concentration of
      free carnitine (105.0 +/- 8.1 nm/ml). When comparing these data with those of ten
      fertile control subjects (817.0 +/- 200 nm/ml), we assume that seminal free L
      carnitine mainly originates from the epididymis. Semen from patients with
      azoospermia caused by testicular failure also contains a low carnitine
      concentration. In hypogonadotropic eunuchoids the gonadotropin treatment
      increased the low basal concentration. A correlation between semen carnitine
      content and sperm motility and number was also tested in 124 infertile patients.
      The results show a positive correlation between free L-carnitine and sperm count
      (r = 0.617; P less than 0.01), between free L-carnitine and sperm motility (r =
      0.614; P less than 0.01), and between free L-carnitine and the number of motile
      spermatozoa per milliliter (r = 0.646; P less than 0.01).

PMID- 6430726
TI  - Differential effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone infusion on
      testicular steroids in normal men and patients with idiopathic oligospermia.
AB  - Basal serum gonadotropin levels in 11 oligospermic men were significantly higher
      than in 9 euspermic control subjects, although most were still in the normal
      range. Basal serum testosterone (T), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and
      estradiol levels and their ratios did not differ significantly. Continuous
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) infusion (1 microgram/minute for
      180 minutes) during integrated blood sampling evoked similar gonadotropin
      responses in both groups but had a differential effect on T: in the control
      subjects T increased (P less than 0.01) within 15 minutes to 1.5 times baseline,
      whereas in the oligospermic men T decreased (P less than 0.01). From 60 minutes
      on, however, T also significantly rose in the oligospermic men, but the maximum
      increment was about half lower (P less than 0.01) than in the euspermic men,
      despite virtually similar rises in 17-OHP. Only in the oligospermic men did the
      17-OHP/T ratio increase (P less than 0.02) during LH-RH, which is compatible with
      the occurrence of a 17,20-lyase block. Serum estradiol did not increase in either
      group. In conclusion, continuous LH-RH infusion uncovers an intrinsic difference
      in acute Leydig cell stimulation between euspermic and oligospermic men.

PMID- 6430727
TI  - A quadruplet pregnancy following ovulation induction with pulsatile luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone.

PMID- 6430728
TI  - Arachidonic acid induced release of insulin and glucagon: role of endogenous
      prostaglandins in pancreatic hormone secretion.
AB  - The involvement of prostaglandins in the effects of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) on
      insulin and glucagon release was investigated, using the isolated, perfused rat
      pancreas model. 20:4n-6, the substrate for dienoic prostaglandins, or 20:3n-3, a
      fatty acid that cannot be metabolized to prostaglandins were perfused over 55
      min. 20: 4n-6 evoked triphasic insulin release: early and late phase during, and
      "off-response" following the perfusion. With 20:3n-3 the early phase of insulin
      release was 57% of that with 20:4n-6. 20:4n-6 stimulated only an early phase
      release of glucagon; 20:3n-3 had no effect. Indomethacin (10 microM, a
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor) inhibited by 50% the early phase of insulin and
      glucagon release induced by 20:4n-6, but did not modify insulin release during
      the early phase with 20:3n-3, or the late phase or off-response with either 20:4n
      6 or 20:3n-3. We conclude that 1) the early phase release of insulin and glucagon
      which occurs with arachidonic acid is due in part to pancreatic biosynthesis of
      prostaglandins; and 2) in the other phases of insulin release evoked by the fatty
      acids, alternate "nonspecific" mechanisms may be involved.

PMID- 6430729
TI  - Diabetes and insulin: actions and interactions upon the glucose metabolism of rat
      aorta.
AB  - We studied the glucose oxidation to CO2 and the incorporation of glucose into
      lipids by thoracic aorta from streptozotocin-diabetic rats in two circumstances:
      9 minutes exposure of the isolated aorta to insulin, perfused in situ; and one
      week treatment with either low--4 units (U)--or high--12 U--daily doses of
      insulin. Diabetes inhibited the glucose metabolism of media and adventitia.
      Perfusion with insulin did not influence the depressed metabolism of media but
      increased that of adventitia. Four units insulin treatment normalized the
      synthesis of glucose-derived lipids by the media, whereas 12-U treatment brought
      it to levels significantly higher (+23%) than those found in nondiabetic rats. We
      conclude that: (a) a haemodynamic explanation cannot account for the in vitro
      insulin resistance of media found in diabetes; (b) insulin treatment exerts a
      dose-dependent lipogenic effect upon the media, which might favour an atherogenic
      role for therapeutic hyperinsulinaemia in insulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 6430730
TI  - Hormonal characteristics of women with clinical features of the polycystic ovary
      syndrome.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine whether a group of patients
      selected on the basis of clinical features only is characterized by the typical
      hormonal findings as discussed in the literature concerning the PCO-syndrome. PCO
      patients had oligomenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea or otherwise evidence of
      chronic anovulation, as well as hirsutism and/or obesity. Control women had
      regular menstrual cycles and a normal body weight. Since androgen and estrogen
      production in women depends on the stage of follicular development, an effort was
      made to obtain endocrinological data under standardized conditions. Under well
      defined circumstances the PCO group (n = 20) had higher LH levels and lower FSH
      levels as compared with the control group (n = 10). Consequently the LH/FSH ratio
      was significantly elevated in the PCO group. Serum estrone and estradiol levels
      were significantly elevated in the PCO group, as were the serum levels of
      androstenedione and testosterone. Despite these differences a marked degree of
      overlap existed in the PCO patients and the control women for gonadotropin,
      estrogen and androgen levels. It was concluded that although the presence of
      polycystic ovaries in the investigated PCO group of women was not confirmed by
      laparoscopy, laparotomy or histological examination of the ovaries, these women
      had basal endocrinological characteristics similar to those found in well-proven
      PCO patients reported in the literature.

PMID- 6430731
TI  - Pituitary and ovarian responses to LHRH stimulation in women with clinical
      features of the polycystic ovary syndrome.
AB  - The gonadotrophin release and the changes in ovarian and adrenal steroid levels
      following the administration of a low dose of LHRH were assessed in a group of
      women with clinical features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO syndrome). The
      results were compared with those obtained in a group of normal ovulatory women. A
      significant increase in LH and FSH levels and a decrease in cortisol
      concentrations were demonstrated in both study groups following the
      administration of LHRH. The LH response was significantly exaggerated in the PCO
      group when compared with the control women. The estrone and estradiol levels did
      not change in either group. The androstenedione and testosterone concentrations
      did not change or decreased in the control group, whereas an increase of these
      hormones was seen in the PCO group. In the PCO group a positive correlation
      between the LH response and the androstenedione response was noticed. These
      findings indicate that the hyperandrogenic state encountered in PCO patients is
      at least in part of ovarian origin.

PMID- 6430732
TI  - Healthier mothers and children through family planning.

PMID- 6430733
TI  - NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation and peroxidase activity in thyroid particular
      fraction.
AB  - A NADPH-dependent H2O2 generating system associated with a thyroid particular
      fraction is described. H2O2 is measured by two different methods: iodination of
      NADPH itself when the system is supplemented with lactoperoxidase and
      [125I]iodide, and by the scopoletin method. It is shown that: H2O2 generation is
      inhibited by catalase and is dependent on NADPH or particulate protein
      concentration; radical scavengers of OH and of singlet oxygen have no effect
      while superoxide dismutase has only a marginal effect; disruption of the
      particular fraction by phospholipase A2 or digitonin treatment completely
      abolished H2O2 generation activity while thyroid peroxidase activity appears,
      suggesting different sites for the two activities in the membrane vesicles.

PMID- 6430734
TI  - Remodeling of sperm chromatin following fertilization: nucleosome repeat length
      and histone variant transitions in the absence of DNA synthesis.
AB  - Within the first cell cycle following fertilization the average nucleosomal
      repeat length of sea urchin male pronuclear chromatin declines by 30-40 base
      pairs to a value typical of that found in the embryo. This decline occurs after a
      lag of about 30 min postfertilization, and is accompanied by replication of the
      male chromatin and accumulation of cleavage-stage (CS) core histone variants.
      When replication is inhibited by greater than 95% with aphidicolin, the decline
      in repeat length still occurs, although it is slightly retarded. The decline in
      repeat length also occurs when protein synthesis is blocked by greater than 98%
      and DNA synthesis by 60-70% with emetine. The adjustment of nucleosome repeat
      length therefore can occur in vivo without extensive movement of replication
      forks across the length of the chromatin, or normal progression of the cell
      cycle, and appears to require no proteins synthesized postfertilization. Blocking
      of DNA synthesis or protein synthesis also does not prevent the normal histone
      variant transitions involved in male pronuclear chromatin remodeling. Although
      their accumulation is slowed, CS core variants eventually become the predominant
      male pronuclear histones in their classes when replication is inhibited. Since a
      shortening of the average nucleosomal repeat length of approximately 10-20% is
      not sufficient to account for this large acquisition of CS variants, some of the
      sperm (Sp) core histones are probably displaced from the replication-blocked
      pronucleus. Therefore, accumulation of CS H2A and CS H2B are temporally
      correlated with the repeat length transition, whereas replication, normal
      progression of the cell cycle, and the early histone transitions involving SpH1
      and SpH2B are not.

PMID- 6430735
TI  - Increased rate of capping of concanavalin A receptors during early Xenopus
      development is related to changes in protein and lipid mobility.
AB  - The mobility characteristics of plasma membrane constituents were studied in
      dissociated cells from embryos of Xenopus laevis at various stages of development
      from early blastula until neurulation. An increased rate of fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-concanavalin A induced patching and capping of Con A-binding
      proteins during this period of development was correlated with a threefold
      increase in the lateral mobility of the receptor molecules, as determined by the
      fluorescent photobleaching recovery (FPR) method, the major change occurring at
      the onset of gastrulation. Using the same method, it was demonstrated that the
      lateral mobility of plasma membrane lipids increases twofold during this period
      of development. The major change being detectable, however, at the late blastula
      stage. This is in coincidence with the initiation of cell motility in dissociated
      Xenopus embryo cells. It is concluded that the lateral mobility of membrane
      proteins and lipids increases significantly during early Xenopus development, but
      are at least in part subject to different control mechanisms. The results suggest
      that the initiation of morphogenetic movements is related to changes in the
      dynamic properties of plasma membrane constituents.

PMID- 6430736
TI  - Localized cell death in Drosophila imaginal wing disc epithelium caused by the
      mutation apterous-blot.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster carrying the mutation apterous-blot have blistered wings.
      Trypan blue stains a patch of dead cells localized to the wing pouch of imaginal
      discs and the same area shows acid phosphatase (AcPase) activity suggesting that
      the cell death is lysosomal. Autophagic vacuoles and other secondary lysosomes
      show AcPase activity within the disc epithelium and enzyme activity is found in
      fragments of dead cells which have been extruded basally. The cell death,
      although extensive and confined to the presumptive wing region, does not result
      in loss of adult structures.

PMID- 6430737
TI  - A U-shaped bioartificial pancreas with rapid glucose-insulin kinetics. In vitro
      evaluation and kinetic modelling.
AB  - The lag in insulin release in response to glucose is an obstacle to the
      development of hybrid pancreatic devices, in which an artificial membrane
      protects transplanted islets against immune rejection. We designed a U-shaped
      bioartificial pancreas, in which the blood channel surrounds the islet chamber
      consisting of two flat membranes; blood circulates successively above the first
      membrane and then in the reverse direction, below the second membrane. Isolated
      rat islets were introduced into the chamber, which was perfused with Krebs
      buffer, and the kinetics of insulin release in response to glucose was
      determined. During a 20-min, 2.8-20-mM, square-wave glucose stimulation, insulin
      release in the effluent of the device rose from 0.7 +/- 0.2 to 3.2 +/- 1.0 ng/100
      islets/min (P less than 0.05) within 3 min, and reached a maximal level of 12.8
      +/- 3.3 ng/100 islets/min at 10 min; 5 min after the return of the glucose
      concentration to substimulatory level, insulin release dropped from 11.3 +/- 1.5
      to 8.0 +/- 1.7 ng/100 islets/min (P less than 0.05), and reached basal value (1.0
      +/- 0.2 ng/100 islets/min) 40 min after the end of the stimulation. A 0.1
      mM/L/min ramp increase in glucose concentration triggered a significant rise in
      insulin release (P less than 0.02) when the glucose concentration reached 5.3 +/-
      0.2 mM; islets concomitantly perifused within a chamber set up without membrane
      responded to the same glucose stimulation 5 min earlier. For up to 1000 islets,
      insulin release in response to glucose was linearly correlated to the number of
      islets (N = 12, P less than 0.01), indicating that insulin did not significantly
      inhibit its own secretion in this system. Finally, during glucose stimulation,
      the insulin concentration in the effluent from the chamber was found to be four
      times the concentration present at the turning point of the blood channel,
      suggesting that insulin was transferred into the perfusing medium in part by a
      countercurrent flux of ultrafiltrate crossing the membranes. We present herein
      the kinetic modelling of glucose and insulin transfer in this "ultrafiltration
      chamber," whose functional characteristics are compatible with closed-loop
      insulin delivery.

PMID- 6430738
TI  - Pituitary response to growth hormone-releasing factor in diabetes. Failure of
      glucose-mediated suppression.
AB  - To evaluate the mechanism underlying raised growth hormone levels in diabetes, we
      compared the response to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) in type I diabetic
      and healthy control subjects. In 12 poorly controlled diabetic subjects (fasting
      plasma glucose 276 +/- 27 mg/dl) basal serum growth hormone levels were elevated
      by 200-300% (P less than 0.02), yet the incremental increase in growth hormone
      after GRF injection was no greater than in control subjects. Furthermore, five
      additional diabetic subjects with normal growth hormone levels after long-term
      insulin pump treatment also showed an identical response to GRF. Thus, raised
      basal growth hormone levels in diabetes and the fall that follows intensive
      insulin treatment may reflect changes in hypothalamic regulation of, rather than
      in pituitary responsiveness to, GRF. However, when five normal subjects were
      restudied during glucose infusion, even quite modest hyperglycemia (plasma
      glucose approximately 150 mg/dl) caused marked suppression of the response to GRF
      (P less than 0.005). Thus, the "normal" response to GRF in poorly controlled
      diabetes is actually inappropriate. Failure of the pituitary to suppress in
      response to hyperglycemia in diabetes implies a second abnormality that may
      further aggravate disordered growth hormone secretion.

PMID- 6430739
TI  - Fasting and food-stimulated plasma gastrin levels in chronic Chagas' disease.
AB  - Chagas' disease is known to be associated with extensive lesions of the
      intramural neurons of the digestive tract. In order to evaluate the contribution
      of the intramural plexuses to the control of plasma gastrin levels in man, we
      performed the following measurements: (a) fasting plasma gastrin in 18 chagasic
      patients and 16 control subjects; (b) integrated gastrin response to food in 9
      chagasic patients and 10 controls, (c) basal acid secretion and gastric acid
      responses to graded doses of pentagastrin in 14 chagasic and 13 controls. Fasting
      plasma gastrin levels and integrated gastrin response were significantly higher
      in chagasics than in controls. Basal and maximal acid secretion and
      responsiveness of acid-secreting gastric cells were lower in chagasics. These
      results indicate that the intramural plexuses play a role in the control of
      gastrin release in man.

PMID- 6430740
TI  - Stimulation of disaccharidase activities in the jejunal brush border membrane of
      adult rat by total parenteral nutrition. Effects of thyroid hormones.
AB  - This study examined the morphological and functional adaptations occurring in the
      jejunum of adult rats fed totally by parenteral nutrition during a 4-day period.
      Comparison was made with sham-operated animals receiving orally a similar
      isocaloric diet. The intravenously fed rats exhibited a 20% shortening of the
      villus height. The specific activity of aminopeptidase showed remarkable
      stability in all conditions. A major stimulation (2.5-fold) was measured for
      lactase-specific activity. Daily administration of thyroxine completely inhibited
      the rise of lactase activity. Thyroidectomy caused a significant increase of
      lactase activity in the orally fed controls, but did not exert any synergistic
      effect with parenteral nutrition on intestinal enzyme activities. In our
      experimental conditions intravenous feeding led to a 3-fold decrease in the
      concentration of thyroid hormones detected in the serum. The results show that
      total parenteral nutrition leads to a stimulation of the specific activity of
      brush border lactase in the intestine of adult rat which might be related to the
      level of thyroid hormones.

PMID- 6430741
TI  - Changes in hospital design: what will the future bring?

PMID- 6430742
TI  - Halogenated biphenyl transport by blood components.
AB  - Halogenated biphenyl transport by components of rat blood was studied under both
      in vivo and in vitro conditions. Fractionation of plasma components by gel
      filtration, ultracentrifugation, and chromatography on a column of fine glass
      beads indicate that halogenated biphenyls are associated with each major class of
      plasma proteins but are most concentrated in the lipoproteins. A significant
      portion of the total halogenated biphenyl in whole blood is also associated with
      the cellular component. Halogenated biphenyls are readily exchanged between
      plasma and the cellular component and between lipoproteins and other classes of
      plasma proteins. Partition of a series of halogenated biphenyls between
      lipoproteins and other plasma proteins indicated that the relative affinity of a
      biphenyl for each fraction was proportional to the lipid solubility of the
      biphenyl involved. Halogenated biphenyls in blood are not thought to be bound to
      specific sites on blood proteins but rather they are believed to be associated
      with hydrophobic sites on plasma proteins or the cellular component of blood. The
      rapid transfer of these compounds to tissues is thought to be by partition to
      similar sites on cellular proteins.

PMID- 6430743
TI  - Transient intraluminal diverticulum of the esophagus: a significant flow
      artifact.
AB  - Esophagography in 12 patients showed a characteristic oval- to oblong-shaped
      barium collection surrounded by a thin radiolucent margin. The collection closely
      resembled an intraluminal diverticulum. Twelve patients demonstrated these
      findings, 6 on single-contrast and 6 on double-contrast examinations. These
      findings were not reproducible on repeat barium swallows, and endoscopy failed to
      demonstrate an intraluminal diverticulum. Nine of the patients underwent
      esophagectomy and esophageal substitution. Pathologic examination of the gross
      specimen did not reveal evidence of intraluminal diverticula. The association of
      this radiologic appearance in patients with moderately severe motility disorder
      of the esophagus is emphasized.

PMID- 6430744
TI  - Treatment of chronic secretory diarrhea of unknown origin by lithium carbonate.
AB  - A 49-yr-old patient developed severe chronic secretory diarrhea associated with
      hypokalemia and gastric hypochlorhydria. Small bowel perfusion study revealed
      active proximal intestinal secretion. Despite thorough investigation, the cause
      of her secretory diarrhea was not elucidated. Her diarrhea was refractory to
      indomethacin, prednisone, and trifluoperazine therapy. The life-threatening
      profuse watery diarrhea responded, however, to oral lithium carbonate, an agent
      reported to inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis. Diarrhea stopped
      within 4 days of initiation of lithium chloride therapy. Discontinuation of
      lithium 2 wk later resulted in return of watery diarrhea. Lithium therapy was
      reinstituted and her diarrheal symptoms resolved completely. Three months later,
      lithium carbonate was discontinued. The patient continued to be well and remained
      asymptomatic 15 mo after discontinuation of therapy. Therefore, in patients with
      chronic secretory diarrhea in whom exhaustive tests fail to reveal an etiology, a
      trial of oral lithium therapy may be beneficial in ameliorating the disabling
      symptoms and could be life-saving.

PMID- 6430745
TI  - [Histological reaction of the endometrium to irritation by a probe in relation to
      the problem of embryo transfer during in-vitro fertilization].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to try to explain morphologically why a high
      percentage of artificially inseminated embryos fail to implant after intrauterine
      transfer. To investigate the problem we irritated with a probe the endometria of
      31 women of child-bearing age a few days before their scheduled hysterectomies.
      Our histological studies of the uteri were directed towards learning whether a
      localised decidual change had developed at the site of mechanical irritation. In
      addition, we measured the serum values of FSH, LH, prolactin, progesterone, beta
      estradiol, and cortisol of 22 of the patients on the day of mechanical irritation
      of the endometrium and on the day of hysterectomy. At the time of probe insertion
      six patients were in the proliferative phase. In three the endometrium responded
      with a slight crowding of enlarged stromal cells in the region of mechanical
      irritation. In three it failed to respond. In five patients who had continued to
      take oral contraceptives until their hysterectomy the endometrium also showed no
      response. In twelve patients of 17 in the secretory phase we found a focal
      predecidual to decidual change of the stroma. The hormonal values of these women
      were within normal limits. In the remaining five patients we found a deficient
      secretory phase without any evidence of decidual change. The serum values of
      progesterone for these patients were low. The results allow us to suggest that
      the mechanical irritation from transfer of an in vitro fertilised embryo in the
      early secretory phase might induce a premature decidual change, which could
      inhibit implantation of the embryo.

PMID- 6430746
TI  - [Polyploidy occurring during in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes: frequency
      and possible causes].
AB  - In an IVF-program a total of 585 oocytes (180 patients) was examined for the
      presence of pronuclei 16 to 20 hours after the addition of spermatozoa. The
      fertilization rate was 71% and in 58 (10%) of the fertilized oocytes three or
      more pronuclei, indicating a failure of the block to polyspermy with polyspermic
      fertilization, could be observed. The frequency of polyspermy was related to the
      maturity of the oocyte, determined according to morphological criteria. Immature
      oocytes showed a higher percentage of polyspermic fertilization (32%) compared to
      mature oocytes (6%). Preincubation of oocytes (0-1.5, 2-4, 5-8 hours) prior to
      the addition of spermatozoa increased the fertilization rate (67%, 70%, 83%,
      respectively). The polyspermy rate seemed to increase (13%, 14%, 19%). The
      observed frequency, however, was not significantly different between the various
      preincubation intervals. The polyspermy rate was affected by the number of
      spermatozoa used for in-vitro fertilization. Insemination with 0.5-0.8, 1.0 or
      1.5 X 10(6) spermatozoa/oocyte resulted in a polyspermy rate of 6%, 20%, 32%,
      respectively. The appearance of polyspermic fertilization was not related to the
      age of the patient (20 to 45 years) nor to the method of ovarian stimulation
      (Clomiphene, hMG, Clomiphene/hMG). Because of the high incidence of polyspermy
      under in-vitro conditions it seems to be important to examine the oocytes in the
      pronuclear stage on a routine basis. Reduction of the number of spermatozoa used
      for in-vitro fertilization and the exact timing of insemination according to the
      maturity of the oocyte might reduce the occurrence of polyspermic fertilization.

PMID- 6430747
TI  - Identification of mutations associated with macrofiber formation in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - A search was made for the genes responsible for the production of helical
      macrofibers in the original collection of macrofiber-producing strains of B.
      subtilis. Two loci were identified: fibA, located between hisA and tag-1, and
      fibB, linked to cysB. fibA governs a short-lived division suppression phenomenon
      associated with the production of rudimentary fibers, whereas fibB appears to be
      responsible for a persistent division suppression and a more highly organized
      helical macrofiber. Both mutations are recovered from each of the original
      macrofiber-producing strains which also carried the div IV-B1 mutation
      responsible for minicell production. The latter mutation by itself is not
      sufficient, however, for the production of macrofibers. Other known mutations
      leading to division suppression that map in the same region are shown not to be
      allelic to fibA or fibB. Neither fib locus appears to be responsible for helix
      hand determination.

PMID- 6430748
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of a segment of the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Males carrying a large deficiency in the long arm of the Y chromosome known to
      delete the fertility gene kl-2 are sterile and exhibit a complex phenotype: (1)
      First metaphase chromosomes are irregular in outline and appear sticky; (2)
      spermatids contain micronuclei; (3) the nebenkerns of the spermatids are
      nonuniform in size; (4) a high molecular weight protein ordinarily present in
      sperm is absent; and (5) crystals appear in the nucleus and cytoplasm of
      spermatocytes and spermatids. In such males that carry Ste+ on their X chromosome
      the crystals appear long and needle shaped; in Ste males the needles are much
      shorter and assemble into star-shaped aggregates. The large deficiency may be
      subdivided into two shorter component deficiencies. The more distal is male
      sterile and lacks the high molecular weight polypeptide; the more proximal is
      responsible for the remainder of the phenotype. Ste males carrying the more
      proximal component deficiency are sterile, but Ste+ males are fertile. Genetic
      studies of chromosome segregation in such males reveal that (1) both the sex
      chromosomes and the large autosomes undergo nondisjunction, (2) the fourth
      chromosomes disjoin regularly, (3) sex chromosome nondisjunction is more frequent
      in cells in which the second or third chromosomes nondisjoin than in cells in
      which autosomal disjunction is regular, (4) in doubly exceptional cells, the sex
      chromosomes tend to segregate to the opposite pole from the autosomes and (5)
      there is meiotic drive; i.e., reciprocal meiotic products are not recovered with
      equal frequencies, complements with fewer chromosomes being recovered more
      frequently than those with more chromosomes. The proximal component deficiency
      can itself be further subdivided into two smaller component deficiencies, both of
      which have nearly normal spermatogenic phenotypes as observed in the light
      microscope. Meiosis in Ste+ males carrying either of these small Y deficiencies
      is normal; Ste males, however, exhibit low levels of sex chromosome
      nondisjunction with either deficient Y. The meiotic phenotype is apparently
      sensitive to the amount of Y chromosome missing and to the Ste constitution of
      the X chromosome.

PMID- 6430750
TI  - Cost effectiveness and consultation psychiatry: reflecting on, and in, economic
      terms.

PMID- 6430749
TI  - Organization and mapping of a sequence on the Drosophila melanogaster X and Y
      chromosomes that is transcribed during spermatogenesis.
AB  - The D. melanogaster DNA segment in the recombinant phage lambda Dm2L1 contains at
      least eight copies of a tandemly repeated 1250-base pair (bp) sequence
      (henceforth called the 2L1 sequence). Testes from XO D. melanogaster males
      contain an abundant 800-base RNA species that is homologous to a 520-bp region of
      the 2L1 sequence. Blotting experiments show that the 2L1 sequence is repeated in
      the D. melanogaster genome and is present on both the X and Y chromosomes. With
      the use of X-Y translocations, the 2L1 sequence has been mapped to a region
      between kl-1 and kl-2 on the long arm of the Y chromosome. In Oregon-R wild type
      there are an estimated 200 copies of the 2L1 sequence on the X chromosome and
      probably at least 80 copies of the Y chromosome. In some other strains the
      repetition frequency on the Y chromosome is about the same, but the copy number
      on the X chromosome is much reduced. On the basis of the five strains
      investigated, there is a correlation between copy number of the 2L1 sequence on
      the X chromosome and the presence of a particular allele of the Stellate locus
      (Ste; 1-45.7). It seems that low copy number corresponds to Ste+ and high copy
      number corresponds to Ste. The Ste locus determines whether single or star-shaped
      crystals are observed in the spermatocytes of XO males. Studies using D. simulans
      and D. mauritiana DNA show that the 2L1 sequence is homologous to restriction
      fragments in male DNA but not female DNA, indicating that this sequence is
      present only on the Y chromosome in these two species. In DNA derived from D.
      erecta, D. teissieri and D. yakuba, there is very little, if any, hybridization
      with the 2L1 sequence probe.

PMID- 6430751
TI  - Making the case for consultation-liaison psychiatry: issues in cost-effectiveness
      analysis.
AB  - There is an increasing need to rationally allocate scarce resources to improve
      the efficiency of health care and reduce costs. Evidence suggests that
      consultation-liaison psychiatry has important clinical and economic benefits.
      This article defines cost-effectiveness and cost benefit analyses, describes
      basic principles for CEA and in that context critiques recent literature relevant
      to consultation-liaison psychiatry, and discusses potential contributions and
      dangers that such studies might offer. There is a need within the health care
      field for systemic and sophisticated decisions by policy makers. Well designed
      and comprehensively analyzed studies of the cost-effectiveness of consultation
      liaison programs will not only contribute toward advancing the field of
      consultation-liaison psychiatry but also toward informing the decisions of health
      policy makers.

PMID- 6430752
TI  - An SD (segregation distribution)-MR (male recombination) chromosome isolated from
      a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6430753
TI  - Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XIV. Variation of esterase 6
      levels controlled by unlinked genes in natural populations.

PMID- 6430754
TI  - Conflicting orientations to patient advocacy in long-term care.

PMID- 6430755
TI  - Degradation of cellulose within the gastrointestinal tract in man.
AB  - 14C-labelled cellulose was administered orally to 10 subjects without
      gastrointestinal disease and its absorption measured by faecal 14C excretion and
      14CO2 in expired air. A mean of 57.2% of oral cellulose was excreted in the
      faeces and up to 14% (mean 7.5 +/- 4.4 1SD) of faecal radioactivity was water
      soluble. Whole gut transit time did not correlate with the quantity of 14C
      cellulose excreted in the faeces. A significant quantity of 14CO2 appeared in the
      expired air as early as 30 minutes after administration of the labelled
      cellulose. The cumulative excretion of 14CO2 varied from 7.6-32.2% of the
      administered radioactivity but did not correlate with faecal 14C excretion. The
      present data show that a significant quantity of oral cellulose is metabolised
      within the human gastrointestinal tract and appears in the expired air as 14CO2.

PMID- 6430756
TI  - The preservation of ovarian function in young women undergoing pelvic radiation
      therapy.
AB  - Because cervical carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the ovaries, it became logical
      to preserve ovarian function by the method of lateral ovarian transposition as
      part of the management of young women with this disease. This technique prevents
      castration should subsequent radiation therapy be planned or become necessary.
      Forty patients with carcinoma of the cervix or vagina underwent unilateral or
      bilateral ovarian transposition. Eighteen patients received radiation therapy. Of
      these, 16 had gonadotropin measurements and only 6 (37%) had levels elevated to
      the postmenopausal range. If patients whose ovaries were not shielded or who
      received paraaortic radiotherapy are excluded, then only two (17%) had elevated
      gonadotropin values. It is concluded that, if properly performed, lateral ovarian
      transposition and ovarian shielding will protect ovarian function in patients
      receiving pelvic radiotherapy.

PMID- 6430757
TI  - Influence of acute estrogenic withdrawal on blood calcitonin.
AB  - As a model to investigate the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the
      involvement of calcitonin in the bone alterations, we chose surgical menopause,
      studying the influence of castration on blood calcitonin. After surgery, the
      hormone and calcemia were raised significantly over preoperative values in
      castrated women, but not so in a control group of patients undergoing
      hysterectomy without oophorectomy. The elevated concentration of calcitonin was
      maintained during at least 4 months. It is speculated that this mechanism of
      control of calcitonin secretion by gonadal hormones might be activated in the
      pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6430758
TI  - Experimental infection of hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) with Bhanja virus.

PMID- 6430759
TI  - [The effects of human and mouse pepsins on Masugi nephritis].
AB  - The effects of intravenous administration of human or mouse pepsin were
      investigated on Masugi nephritis in rats and mice, which is an experimental model
      of glomerulonephritis in humans. Injection of anti-kidney serum to rats
      significantly increased the urinary protein excretion, serum levels of
      fibrinogen, cholesterol and immune complex, significantly decreased serum
      immunoglobulin G and complement levels, and caused histopathological changes such
      as detachment of endothelial cells from basement membrane, thickening of basement
      membrane, fusion of foot process and increase in hyaline cast in renal tubuli.
      Deposit of anti-rat IgG on glomerular capillary wall was also observed. All of
      these changes were ameliorated or showed a tendency to be ameliorated by
      intravenous administration of human pepsin, and the mechanism responsible for
      these effects was suggested to be selective decomposition of immune complex.
      Marked increase in urinary protein excretion was also observed in mice that
      intravenously received anti-kidney serum. This increase was suppressed by
      intravenous administration of human or mouse serum, the latter showing a stronger
      effect.

PMID- 6430760
TI  - [Effect of mazindol on obesity induced by administration of gold thioglucose].
AB  - The present experiments were carried out to elucidate the effect of mazindol
      feeding on obese mice made by gold-thioglucose injection. Mazindol was added to
      the diet at the level of 0.5, 2, 10 mg/kg body weight. It was found that oral
      administration of mazindol reduced the body weight gain and perimetrial adipose
      tissue weights increased in GTG-obese mice. Decreased adipose tissue weights were
      correlated with the decreased level of size and volume of fat cells. Basal
      lipolytic activity and adrenaline-induced lipolysis were also significantly
      decreased in mazindol groups as compared to those in GTG-obese mice that were not
      administered mazindol. These results indicate that the weight reduction induced
      by mazindol administration might not be due to increase in fat mobilization. The
      increased level of liver and serum lipid induced by GTG-obesity was also found to
      be improved by mazindol. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the villous
      width of the small intestine were significantly smaller in the mazindol group
      that those in the GTG-obese group. Sucrase and esterase activities of the small
      intestine were also decreased by mazindol feeding as compared to those in the GTG
      obese mice. based on these results mechanisms of action of mazindol were
      discussed.

PMID- 6430761
TI  - The gamma 1 heavy-chain disease FOR protein is present in two molecular forms.
AB  - Heavy chain disease proteins (FOR) were isolated from human plasma. These
      proteins were also detected immunochemically in the urine of the patient. The
      proteins were disulphide-linked Fc-like dimers with molar mass 64.2 kg/mol and
      sedimentation rate S020,W = 0.356 ps (3.56 S). Similar amounts of aspartic acid
      and pyroglutamic acid were found at the N-terminus. After cyanogen bromide
      cleavage of the FOR proteins, three peptides were isolated and their amino acid
      composition and partial amino acid sequence was determined. We suggest that two
      Fc-like proteins of similar sizes are present in the plasma: (1) the first with N
      terminal aspartic acid corresponding to position 221 of gamma 1 EU chain and (2)
      the second with N-terminal pyroglutamic acid. The first protein and small amounts
      of related low-molar mass fragments found also in the plasma could be degradation
      products of the second protein. Evidence is given on structural differences
      between the FOR proteins and the corresponding portion of the gamma 1 EU chain.

PMID- 6430762
TI  - Heterogeneity of human polyclonal IgE reacting with staphylococcal protein A.
AB  - A small part of polyclonal IgE (6%) was bound to protein A-Sepharose from the
      serum of M.P., containing a high concentration of IgE. No monoclonal IgE isolated
      from the serum of V.L. was bound to this sorbent. This binding of polyclonal IgE
      appears to be heterogeneous since a multiphasic pattern was observed with
      discontinuous pH gradient elution from protein A-Sepharose. Also, like IgE from
      the whole serum, monomeric IgE isolated from the serum of M.P. on Sepharose 6B
      showed this binding heterogeneity. It is suggested that IgE molecules with
      different affinities for protein A could belong to different isotypic or
      allotypic variants.

PMID- 6430763
TI  - Formation of the ternary complex EF-Tu.GTP.Phe-tRNA in the translation system of
      Streptomyces aureofaciens.
AB  - The efficiency of formation of the ternary complex consisting of the elongation
      factor Tu and Phe-tRNA's from Escherichia coli and Streptomyces aureofaciens was
      tested to explain the lower activity of the in vitro poly(U) translation system
      from S. aureofaciens. Both factors were shown to be functionally interchangeable
      in the ternary complex formation with Phe-tRNA from either E. coli or S.
      aureofaciens. However, the efficiency of binding of S. aureofaciens Phe-tRNA to
      EF-Tu was much lower with both factors.

PMID- 6430764
TI  - Inactivation of quercetin mutagenicity.
AB  - Combinations of oxygen and alkaline pH were found to inactivate irreversibly the
      mutagenicity of quercetin towards Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. Exposure
      time, quercetin concentration and polyphenol oxidase were also important
      variables determining the extent of quercetin inactivation. Temperature had a
      relatively weak influence on the extent of inactivation. The metal salts,
      ferrous, ferric and copper sulphates also brought about inactivation but this
      effect was partially reversed when the pH of the incubation medium was reduced
      from 7 to 2. Ferric sulphate had a much smaller effect than did the ferrous salt
      except in the presence of tyrosinase and oxygen at pH 7. Zinc sulphate impaired
      quercetin mutagenicity only very slightly in the presence of tyrosinase and
      oxygen. When an oxygen-saturated solution of quercetin was exposed to tyrosinase
      at various pH values, the ultraviolet absorption maximum of quercetin near 370 nm
      decreased to an extent that correlated with the mutagenicity of quercetin under
      those conditions.

PMID- 6430765
TI  - Nitrate tolerance: a clinically significant problem?

PMID- 6430766
TI  - Nitrates for angina pectoris. A critical review of therapeutic efficacy and
      tolerance.
AB  - Nitrates are effective in the management of exertional angina pectoris primarily
      due to their peripheral effects i.e. venodilation and arterial dilation, and
      thereby reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. These drugs also improve
      collateral blood flow in ischemic areas and in some patients may increase
      coronary blood flow by modifying tonus in the conductive or conduit coronary
      vessels. Sublingual nitroglycerin is the most effective antianginal agent but its
      prophylactic use is limited by its short duration of action. Until recently, the
      efficacy of long-acting oral nitrates was seriously questioned. However, recent
      data suggests that when given acutely in adequate doses, oral nitrates,
      transcutaneous and buccal preparations of nitroglycerin all exert prolonged
      hemodynamic and antianginal effects. Development of tolerance to the circulatory
      and antianginal effects during chronic therapy, however, remains a concern.
      Published literature suggests that tolerance to the circulatory effects and to
      headaches develops rapidly during sustained therapy with long-acting nitrates.
      However, reports regarding the development of tolerance to the antianginal
      effects and reduction of ST segment depression remain conflicting. Partial
      tolerance to the antianginal effects has been well-documented during chronic
      therapy with isosorbide dinitrate. Duration of improvement in exercise tolerance
      during four times daily therapy with isosorbide dinitrate has been shown to be
      shortened compared to prolonged effects following acute therapy. Recent data
      suggests that given in high doses, beneficial effects of ST segment depression
      during exercise may also diminish during chronic therapy with long acting
      nitrates. Tolerance to antianginal and circulatory effects can be reversed by
      withholding long-acting nitrates for 24 to 36 hours. Furthermore, initial studies
      suggest that tolerance to antianginal effects during sustained therapy can be
      avoided by giving smaller but effective doses of ISDN (20 to 40 mg) twice a day
      rather than prescribing larger doses more frequently.

PMID- 6430767
TI  - Nitrate tolerance.
AB  - These studies have shown the following: Tolerance to the hemodynamic and
      antianginal effects of isosorbide dinitrate. Tolerance develops quickly and can
      be demonstrated within 24 hours. Tolerance is rapidly reversed and the return of
      normal responsiveness is seen within 21 hours withdrawal of isosorbide dinitrate.
      Cross-tolerance occurs between the hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate
      and nitroglycerin. When tolerance is present, the next dose of isosorbide
      dinitrate does exert an effect, although somewhat less in magnitude and duration.
      Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin restores exercise performance
      despite tolerance to oral isosorbide dinitrate.

PMID- 6430768
TI  - [Development of tolerance with regard to the anti-ischemic effect of isosorbide
      dinitrate in regular multiple daily administration].
AB  - In previous studies it had been shown that during longterm treatment of coronary
      artery disease with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in sustained-release form, there
      was no reduction in exercise-induced ST-segment depression, no decrease in the
      rate of anginal attacks or nitrate consumption and no changes in blood pressure
      or heart rate [1, 4]. To determine to what extent tolerance development is a
      fundamental property of longterm administration of ISDN, this study, carried out
      according to a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled protocol
      (Figure 1), was undertaken. The anti-ischemic effects of 40 mg ISDN were analyzed
      after acute administration and during longterm treatment with 40 mg four times
      daily in eleven patients with stable angina pectoris and reproducible ST-segment
      depression. Additionally, the influence of this therapy on the anti-ischemic
      effects of 0.8 mg sublingually-administered nitroglycerin (GTN) was assessed in
      ten of the eleven patients. On acute administration, 40 mg ISDN led to a
      reduction in ST-segment depression at one hour from 2.05 to 0.18 mm (p less than
      0.01), and at six hours from 2.35 to 1.20 mm (p less than 0.01) (Figure 2, Table
      1). During chronic treatment, statistically significant changes were no longer
      detectable. In eight of the eleven patients there was a complete loss of effects;
      in the remaining three, a marked attenuation was observed (Figure 3). Acute
      administration of 40 mg ISDN resulted in plasma concentrations of 221 ng/ml 5
      ISMN, 53 ng/ml 2-ISMN and 23 ng/ml ISDN (Figure 6, Table 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430769
TI  - [Long-term therapy with nitrates. Relation between dosage and tolerance effect].
AB  - In 56 patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease, the
      longterm effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5
      ISMN) on exercise hemodynamics and exercise capacity were assessed. The
      hemodynamic and antianginal acute and longterm effects of the respective agents
      were objectively analyzed on the basis of the tested parameters of mean pulmonary
      artery pressure and work capacity (watts X minutes). These parameters are
      unaffected by placebo and show reproducible changes at rest and during exercise
      after drug administration. After the standard 20 mg dose of ISDN or 5-ISMN, both
      at rest and during exercise, there was a marked decrease in pulmonary artery
      pressure as well as an increase in exercise capacity. The acute effects of 60 mg
      ISDN or 50 mg 5-ISMN were not substantially more marked than those of the 20 mg
      doses. During longterm treatment with 20 mg ISDN or 5-ISMN three times daily
      there was no attenuation of the hemodynamic effects, that is, no tolerance
      development; the increase in exercise capacity was maintained. In contrast, at
      the end of the four-week treatment period with 60 mg ISDN or 50 mg 5-ISMN three
      times daily there was a marked attenuation of the hemodynamic effects as well as
      the associated exercise capacity. The results of this study do not enable
      delineation of the mechanism responsible for the attenuated effect during high
      dose treatment. Most probably, it is due to a complex process, in which, in
      addition to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, alterations in various reflex
      and adaptive mechanisms also play a role.

PMID- 6430770
TI  - [The role of chrysothiotherapy in the treatment of progressive polyarthritis].

PMID- 6430771
TI  - [Effects of hypercapnia on cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 6430772
TI  - Human muscle carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III). Purification, immunohistochemical
      localization in the human skeletal muscle and its clinical application to the
      neuromuscular disease.
AB  - The aim of the present work was to investigate histological localization of newly
      found human muscle CA-III and its diagnostic value in neuromuscular diseases. The
      following results were obtained. CA-III was purified as a single band from human
      skeletal muscle nd specific anti-CA-III antiserum was raised in the rabbits. By
      the direct immunoperoxidase method in human biceps muscle, CA-III was localized
      mainly in Type I fibers (red muscle type). A radioimmunoassay was developed for
      CA-III which can detect 5 ng/ml of sample. Among several human tissues, CA-III
      was found virtually specific to the skeletal muscles with a level of 5 mg/gm wet
      tissue. Normal serum CA-III level (n = 20) was 22.5 +/- 15.3 (SD) ng/ml. Among
      140 cases of various diseases, elevated serum CA-III levels were found in 29
      cases, all of which were only from neuromuscular diseases including 17 various
      muscular dystrophies, 5 polymyositis, 2 other myopathies and 5 ALS. In acute
      myocardial infarction with highly elevated CPK, serum CA-III remained normal. In
      60 cases of various neuromuscular diseases, serum CA-III, CPK and aldolase were
      measured. Order of sensitivity (% frequency of elevated serum level) was CPK
      greater than CA-III greater than aldolase, however, CA-III was most frequently
      elevated in myotonic dystrophy which predominantly affects Type I fibers. In 15
      ALS, raised CA-III was found in 5 cases, which were all in relatively early
      stages showing rapidly progressive clinical courses. This result raises a
      possibility to use serum CA-III for evaluation of the prognosis in ALS. It is
      concluded that CA-III is clinically applicable as a new diagnostic marker for
      muscle diseases, and probably reflects Type-I fiber abnormalities more
      sensitively than CPK and aldolase.

PMID- 6430773
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in alcoholic patients with and
      without liver disease: on the relative roles of alcohol and liver injury.
AB  - In the present study, we report on alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein and
      apolipoprotein patterns in three separate populations of alcoholic patients, one
      without liver damage (Group I), a second presenting steatosis or mild alcoholic
      hepatitis or both (Group II) and a third with alcoholic cirrhosis (Group III),
      using a healthy, normolipidemic, nonalcoholic group as controls (Group C). Total
      plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in Groups II and III when compared with
      Groups I and C, while the ratio of esterified to free cholesterol was
      considerably lower in Group III than in the other groups. Plasma apo-AI levels
      were higher in Groups I and II than in Group C, but varied over a wide range in
      Group III. Apo-AII was present at higher concentrations in Groups I and II than
      in both Groups III and C. In contrast, no significant differences were detected
      in total apo-B levels, irrespective of the group. Modifications in the chemical
      composition of plasma lipoproteins primarily concerned a reduction in the
      cholesteryl ester content of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL) in Group III, this being compensated by a reciprocal increase
      in triglyceride. In addition, Group III lipoproteins, with the exception of HDL3
      (density 1.100 to 1.140 gm per ml), exhibited a greater content of phospholipids
      than those of corresponding density from patients in Groups I and II. No
      significant differences were found in very low-density lipoprotein
      concentrations, while LDL levels increased in parallel with the severity of liver
      injury. In Groups I and II, HDL2 concentrations were elevated relative to Group
      C, while HDL3 decreased in parallel with the degree of impairment of liver
      function and thus from Group C to Group III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430774
TI  - Electron microscopic evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis markers and virus-like
      particles in immunocompromised humans.
AB  - Characteristic pathological alterations of the liver in chimpanzees inoculated
      with non-A, non-B hepatitis sera have been described, but no corresponding
      findings have been reported in humans. Electron microscopic studies of the liver
      biopsy specimens of two homosexual patients with acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome, one without hepatitis (Patient 1) and one with chronic active hepatitis
      in remission (Patient 2), revealed the cytoplasmic tubular structures which are
      characteristic of chimpanzee non-A, non-B hepatitis. A cluster of 23 nm double
      shelled particles was also seen in the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte in patient 1 who
      had received a blood transfusion 8 days before the biopsy. These particles were
      smaller than the Dane particles, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus or herpes
      simplex virus, and different from hepatitis A virus particles; the antibodies to
      all of which are found in high concentration in acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome patients. These observations may reflect the morphologic findings for
      non-A, non-B hepatitis infection in humans.

PMID- 6430775
TI  - Enhancement by secretin of the apparently maximal hepatic transport of bilirubin
      in the rat.
AB  - The effect of secretin (0.4 C.U. per hr per 100 gm body weight) on bile flow and
      the apparent maximal hepatic transport of bilirubin (Tm) was investigated in the
      rat. When secretin was administered during an already established bilirubin-Tm
      condition, it increased bile flow and bilirubin-Tm by 15 to 20% over a 30- to 50
      min period. Enhancement of bilirubin output correlated with augmented flow and
      was sustained by an increased rate of excretion of monoglucuronides. When
      secretin was given for 90 min before bilirubin loading, it enhanced biliary
      bilirubin concentration and output, largely as diglucuronides. Bilirubin-Tm
      correlated positively with glururonyltransferase activity in liver homogenates.
      In the isolated perfused rat liver, injection of secretin in the portal cannula
      failed to produce choleresis. Bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase
      activity was lower than in intact rats and higher after treatment than in
      controls. The effect of secretin had an early effect on hepatocytic bile flow and
      a later effect on conjugation. Maximal hepatic bilirubin output was modulated
      both by flow and conjugation rate; the two mechanism may act independently.

PMID- 6430776
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia has a B-cell genotype.
AB  - The phenotype and, by inference, the cell of origin of some lymphocytic neoplasms
      has been defined by surface marker studies; however, the precise cellular origin
      of other neoplasms of the lymphoid system is still unknown. For example, with
      reference to hairy cell leukemia (HCL), cell marker data has been used in support
      of a monocytic, a T cell, or a B cell origin. If hairy cell leukemia is a B cell
      derived neoplasm, the controversy may be resolved by genotyping the cells, using
      the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes as a marker of the B cell nature of the
      process. Rearrangement of these genes is detected using the Southern blot
      technique and cloned probes specific for the JH segment of the immunoglobulin
      genes. In this study, the arrangement of the immunoglobulin genes was analysed in
      normal tissue, in two accepted B cell lymphomas and in nine cases of hairy cell
      leukemia. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes (two patients) and from the spleen
      (seven patients) revealed a discrete new JH restriction fragment length in the
      leukocytes of hairy cell leukemia cases. The presence of rearranged restriction
      fragments is interpreted as evidence of the existence of clonal B cell
      populations. Three of six samples had rearranged kappa light chain fragments. We
      conclude that most cases of hairy cell leukemia have a B cell genotype. The use
      of genotyping has wider application in the analysis of hematological
      malignancies.

PMID- 6430777
TI  - Differential cytotoxicity of deoxyguanosine and 8-aminoguanosine for human
      leukemic cell lines and normal bone marrow progenitor cells.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of deoxyguanosine (GdR) alone or in combination with the
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor, 8-aminoguanosine (AG) was tested
      on human T, B, cALL and myeloid leukaemia cell lines and on normal human bone
      marrow haemopoietic progenitor cells. GdR was found to be toxic to T-leukaemia
      cells. AG (100 microM) alone did not have any inhibitory effect, but when used
      with GdR (2.5 X 10(-5)M) a synergistic effect was seen towards T cells.
      Incubation with GdR and AG resulted in a marked decrease in cell viability
      (greater than 90 per cent in three and greater than 75 per cent in four of 5 T
      leukaemic cell lines tested at 72 h). This drug combination did not inhibit the
      growth of non-T leukaemic cells and was also non-toxic to normal bone marrow
      multipotent progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) in vitro. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) acts
      consecutively with PNP in purine degradation. The addition of an ADA inhibitor,
      deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine, however, did not enhance the toxicity of GdR
      and AG for T cell leukaemia. The possibility of using GdR and AG for in vitro
      removal of residual T leukaemic blasts with the sparing of normal bone marrow
      cells, prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation should be further
      explored.

PMID- 6430778
TI  - Extreme lithium intoxication without severe symptoms.

PMID- 6430779
TI  - Primary angiosarcoma of the mediastinum: light and electron microscopic
      demonstration of Factor VIII-related antigen in neoplastic cells.
AB  - An angiosarcoma developed in the superior mediastinum of a 50-year-old white
      woman. The ultrastructural appearance and the significance of Factor VIII-related
      antigen within the neoplastic cells are discussed.

PMID- 6430780
TI  - Where will the resources for the fifth year come from?
AB  - Of the approximately 635 residents in each year of pathology training, about 165
      are already meeting the Pathology Board's proposed requirement for a fifth year
      of resident training. The cost of a fifth year of training for the other 470
      residents is estimated to be approximately $20 million. Options for avoiding this
      expense or for finding the funds are discussed. It is concluded that, unless the
      Board modifies its position, redistribution of the current residency and
      fellowship slots, without increasing the program size, remains the only feasible
      alternative.

PMID- 6430781
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis of the human small intestine: a light and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Intestinal infection by the coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium is a well
      recognized condition in immunocompromised hosts and in some normal persons. The
      authors studied a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and
      cryptosporidiosis of the small intestine. The parasite inhabits the microvillous
      brush border of the intestinal epithelium and must be carefully sought on light
      microscopic examination of intestinal biopsy specimens. Characteristic life cycle
      stages are observed on electron microscopy. The absence of significant light
      microscopic alterations of the villous architecture in this patient's biopsy
      specimen and in other cases suggests that other factors, such as toxin
      elaboration by cryptosporidia or other organisms, may be involved in the
      pathogenesis of diarrhea. Abnormal aggregation of lysosomes at the apices of
      intestinal epithelial cells may reflect ineffective host phagocytic mechanisms.

PMID- 6430782
TI  - Coagulation factor XIII: a useful polymorphic genetic marker.
AB  - The plasmas of two groups of subjects were examined for blood coagulation Factor
      XIII-A (FXIII-A, F13A) by electrophoresis in agarose using a Tris-EDTA-borate
      buffer to separate the common variants, F13A*1, F13A*2, and F13A*3. Dimeric
      subunits were visualized in UV light as monodansyl cadaverine bound to casein at
      the position of the transglutaminase activity representing F13A. One test group
      consisted of 307 members of three large Caucasian families. The other consisted
      of 148 consecutive patients whose plasmas had been sent to the clinical
      laboratory for determination of prothrombin time. Segregation analysis and father
      to-son transmission confirmed that F13A is inherited as an autosomal co-dominant
      trait. The allelic frequencies in the random sample were F13A*1 = 0.82 and F13A*2
      = 0.18. This sample included both blacks and whites, and the gene frequencies
      were not significantly different in the two races. The gene frequencies among the
      unrelated spouses of the three white families were A*1 = 0.75, A*2 = 0.24, A*3 =
      0.01. Genetic equilibrium was present in both groups. The degree of polymorphism,
      the availability of blood, the ease of assessment, the absence of selective
      pressure, and the uniformity of gene frequencies in two major American ethnic
      groups make F13A a very useful marker for linkage studies and paternity testing.
      F13A has been provisionally assigned to chromosome 6. Linkage analysis of our
      family data did not provide evidence of linkage to two chromosome 6 markers,
      properdin factor B (BF) and glyoxalase 1 (GLO). The highest lod score (Z) was
      between F13A and the Kidd (Jk) blood group (theta = 0.68 at = 0.24).

PMID- 6430783
TI  - DNA polymerase alpha inhibition by aphidicolin induces gaps and breaks at common
      fragile sites in human chromosomes.
AB  - Aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, is known to induce
      chromosomal aberrations. At concentrations that did not greatly affect mitotic
      index, aphidicolin induced a striking number of chromosome gaps and breaks
      distributed in a highly nonrandom manner in cultured human lymphocytes. Specific
      chromosome bands, especially 2q31, 3p14, 6q26, 7q32, 16q23, and Xp22 were
      preferentially damaged in lymphocytes from each of 12 subjects studied. Total and
      site-specific damage was dose dependent and greatly increased when folic acid was
      removed from the medium. The sites most sensitive to aphidicolin damage include
      the "hot spots" seen under conditions of thymidylate stress and in studies of
      spontaneous chromosomal damage. The fragile X site, which can also be induced by
      thymidylate stress, was not induced by aphidicolin in lymphocytes, suggesting a
      separate mechanism for its induction. Aphidicolin represents a novel tool for
      detection of hot spots on human chromosomes through the mechanism of DNA
      polymerase alpha inhibition. The hot spots induced by aphidicolin represent a new
      class of fragile sites which we term common fragile sites.

PMID- 6430784
TI  - Ergotamine toxicity and serum concentrations of ergotamine in migraine patients.
AB  - Twenty-five migraine patients (9 males and 16 females) aged 22-71 who had used
      between 7 and 60 mg ergotamine tartrate per week for 1.5-30 y volunteered to
      participate in the study. Side-effects attributable to ergotamine were wide
      ranging and included daily headache and pain in the limbs. Wide variation in
      sensitivity to the drug was observed and side-effects were not always
      proportional to the dose of ergotamine. Random serum ergotamine concentrations
      were estimated in all patients and 10 of them volunteered to take a 2 mg oral
      challenge of ergotamine tartrate. Ergotamine was not detected in 44% of the
      random estimations even though all patients exhibited clinical signs of
      ergotamine tartrate overdose. The remaining 56% estimations all showed low drug
      concentrations. After the 2 mg oral challenge of ergotamine in the 10 patients,
      significantly higher concentrations, but still within therapeutic range, were
      detected in the sera when compared with mean concentrations achieved after the
      same oral dose of the drug in healthy, non-migrainous subjects.

PMID- 6430785
TI  - The double magnetic induction method for measuring eye movement--results in
      monkey and man.

PMID- 6430786
TI  - Internal images of rabbit immunoglobulin allotopes.

PMID- 6430787
TI  - [Regulatory factors in cellular immunity reactions].
AB  - The activation of B-cells can be studied by in vitro experiments. Various stages
      have been described: activation, proliferation and isotype specific
      differentiation into plasma cells are regulated by T-cells and macrophages. Their
      function is in part replaced by soluble factors. The availability of lymphokines
      derived from cloned T-cells allows a more precise analysis of the various
      differentiation steps for B-cells. A summary of the various lymphokines obtained
      from the murine and human system is demonstrated. As has been shown lymphokines
      reveal immunoregulatory properties which have to be correlated to in vitro
      results. The various unresolved questions concerning IgE-antibody regulation will
      be clarified when more defined lymphokines are available.

PMID- 6430788
TI  - Polymeric microspheres for immunoresearch.
AB  - New microspheres having functional aldehyde groups have been prepared by
      radiation polymerization of acrolein solution containing hydroxyethyl
      methacrylate and glutalardehyde. The size distribution in the microspheres was
      narrow and average particle diameter was 1 - 2 micron. The binding ability of the
      microspheres to antigen increased by increasing the concentration of
      glutalardehyde. The preparation procedure of the microspheres is simple. The
      microspheres can be used for immunoresearch.

PMID- 6430789
TI  - Carbohydrate exposure on salmonella and E. coli bacteria after reaction with
      antibody IgG and secretory IgA (SIgA) assessed with fluorescent lectins.
AB  - The carbohydrate moieties exposed on enterobacteria before and after antibody
      binding have been tested with fluorescent lectins. Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS
      (S-type) and its Rd-mutant MR10 were coated with hyperimmune anti-MS and anti-MR
      10 IgG, respectively. MR 10 bacteria and Escherichia coli O86 bacteria were
      coated with human colostral secretory IgA (SIgA). There was a conspicuous binding
      of some of the lectins to untreated bacteria not always closely related to the
      sugar composition of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other known
      sugar residues. Antibody IgG and SIgA binding modified the affinity for the
      lectins. The binding of some lectins was reduced, presumably by masking the
      bacterial sugars. Antibody IgG binding to S. typhimurium MS and R 10 enhanced the
      affinity for RCA-I (Gal) and to a smaller extent for WGA (GlcNAc) which may be
      explained by exposure of IgG oligosaccharide. Antibody SIgA binding to S.
      typhimurium R 10 and E. coli O86 enhanced the affinity for the above lectins to a
      larger extent as well as for Con A (Man, Glc). The corresponding sugars N
      acetylglucosamine, mannose and glucose are present in the carbohydrate chain of
      the secretory component as well as in IgA indicating that when SIgA antibody
      binds its sugar components are exposed.

PMID- 6430790
TI  - Interleukin 3 activity in tumor-bearing hosts: decreased splenocyte production of
      and responsiveness to IL 3.
AB  - A kinetic study assessing the relationship between tumor growth and the ability
      of BALB/c mouse splenocytes to produce Interleukin 3 (IL 3) indicated a
      concomitant decrease in IL 3 activity with tumor growth. Tumor-bearing host (TBH)
      splenocytes produced 600 pmoles/hr/10(8) cells of IL 3 activity at Day 0 but only
      62 pmoles/hr/10(8) cells by Day 28 post tumor cell inoculation. Nylon wool
      fractionation (to remove adherent suppressor cells) did not restore IL 3
      activity. Addition of purified IL 3 to mitogen proliferation assays showed that
      IL 3 alone was mitogenic for normal host but not TBH splenocytes. In concert with
      concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin, IL 3 augmented in vitro normal
      host splenocyte responsiveness but significantly further suppressed it in the
      TBH. An absorption assay indicated that fresh cells had acceptors to remove IL 3
      from supernatants. Con A-induced normal or TBH blast cells lost their ability to
      absorb IL 3. Intravenous inoculation of purified IL 3 into normal and TBH
      resulted in further suppression of TBH splenocyte mitogen-induced blastogenesis.
      The exacerbation of TBH spleen cell reactivity by IL 3 may be due to a tumor
      induced feedback inhibition mechanism further suppressing cellular
      differentiation critical to cytotoxic T lymphocyte maturation.

PMID- 6430791
TI  - Lysis of horse red blood cells mediated by antibody-independent activation of the
      alternative pathway of chicken complement.
AB  - Horse red blood cells (HRBC) were found to be lysed when incubated with fresh
      normal chicken serum (NCS). By comparison of the properties of the lysis of HRBC
      with those of the complement-dependent lysis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
      sensitized with haemolytic antibody via the classical pathway, the following
      differences were observed between the two haemolytic phenomena. (i) The lysis of
      HRBC was independent on antibody in contrast to the antibody dependence of the
      lysis of sensitized SRBC. (ii) The lysis of HRBC was dependent on Mg but not on
      Ca ion, whereas the lysis of sensitized SRBC required both Mg and Ca ions. (iii)
      Treatment of NCS with carrageenan that acts as an inactivator of the first
      component of complement (C1) inhibited the lysis of sensitized SRBC but not the
      lysis of HRBC. (iv) C1 was consumed in the lysis of sensitized SRBC but not in
      the lysis of HRBC. (v) Cobra venom factor (CVF), C3 inactivator via the
      alternative complement pathway, inhibited the lysis of HRBC but not the lysis of
      sensitized SRBC. (vi) Minimal reaction times for the lysis of HRBC and for the
      lysis of sensitized SRBC were 90 and 60 min, respectively. These findings
      indicate that the lysis of HRBC was caused by the antibody-independent activation
      of complement via the alternative pathway.

PMID- 6430792
TI  - Localization of histaminase to the specific granule of the human neutrophil.
AB  - The release of histaminase, a diamine oxidase of the human neutrophil, is
      initiated by soluble secretagogues. Histaminase is simultaneously inactivated by
      the reactive oxygen intermediates generated by the respiratory burst. Thus,
      quantitative assessment of histaminase release relative to other granule markers
      is best achieved in the presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Human
      neutrophils activated with secretagogues preferential for the specific granule,
      such as calcium ionophore A23187 in a limited concentration, phorbol myristate
      acetate (PMA), formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP), and concanavalin A,
      release vitamin B12-binding protein, lysozyme, and histaminase but not beta
      glucuronidase. PMA activation in the presence of cytochalasin B augments the
      release of lysozyme and initiates the release of beta glucuronidase through
      recruitment of the azurophilic granule but has no incremental effect on the
      release of vitamin B12-binding protein and histaminase observed with PMA alone.
      Subcellular fractionation of resting neutrophils by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation to separate specific granules from two classes of azurophilic
      granules selectively distributes vitamin B12-binding protein and histaminase to
      the specific granule fractions.

PMID- 6430793
TI  - A colorimetric method for quick identification and estimation of penicillins.

PMID- 6430794
TI  - C-band-like effect produced by mitomycin C on mouse ascites tumour chromosomes in
      vivo.

PMID- 6430795
TI  - Serial estimation of alpha-1-antitrypsin in active pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6430796
TI  - Monocyte/macrophage functions in Rh negative women.

PMID- 6430797
TI  - Beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6430798
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis: etiological spectrum in children in north India.

PMID- 6430799
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy and administration of prednisolone on gastric ulcer
      formation in forestomachectomized Shay albino rats.
AB  - The gastric ulcerogenic effect of the glucocorticoid, prednisolone, was studied
      in albino rats. Shay operation in forestomachectomized rats with intact adrenals
      induced acute gastric ulcers in the corpus, whereas adrenalectomy prevented the
      development of gastric ulcers in another group of forestomachectomized Shay rats.
      Only superficial erosion of gastric epithelium was noticed in 66.67% of these
      rats. Administration of prednisolone to another group of similarly operated rats
      increased the number and severity of gastric ulceration, whether the adrenals
      were ablated or otherwise. From the observation of acid and mucous content of the
      stomach, it is postulated that the reduced mucous secretion may be an important
      predisposing factor in gastric ulcerogenic effect of steroids.

PMID- 6430800
TI  - Negative ionotropic effect of sodium valproate on some isolated heart
      preparations.

PMID- 6430801
TI  - Differential effects of putative lipoxygenase inhibitors on arachidonic acid
      metabolism in cell-free and intact cell preparations.
AB  - The effects of nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), 3-amino-1-trifluoromethyl-)
      phenyl-2-pyrazoline (BW755c), eicostatetraynoic acid (ETYA), phenidone,
      quercetin, and indomethacin (INDO) on the synthesis of 15
      hydroxyeicosatatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) from soybean 15-lipoxygenase,
      leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from 5-lipoxygenase, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from
      cyclooxygenase enzymes of rat neutrophils and mouse peritoneal macrophages were
      investigated. All of the drugs caused a dose-related inhibition of increased
      oxygen consumption by soybean 15-lipoxygenase in the presence of arachidonic acid
      and the rank order of potency was phenidone greater than or equal to BW755c
      greater than ETYA greater than quercetin greater than NDGA greater than
      indomethacin. The reduction in oxygen consumption correlated with a reduction of
      15-HETE formation as identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Apart
      from indomethacin, these drugs were also effective against the rat neutrophil 5
      lipoxygenase, although the rank order of potency did not correlate with that
      obtained with soybean 15-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, in both A23187-activated rat
      neutrophils and zymosan-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages the synthesis of
      prostaglandins was inhibited by all of these drugs. In the neutrophils, the rank
      order of potency was INDO greater than ETYA greater than BW755c greater than
      quercetin greater than NDGA greater than phenidone, whereas in mouse peritoneal
      macrophages, the order was INDO greater than ETYA greater than BW755c greater
      than NDGA greater than quercetin greater than phenidone. These results suggest
      that putative lipoxygenase inhibitors exhibit both qualitative and quantitative
      differences in their effects on both lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases.

PMID- 6430802
TI  - Antiinflammatory properties of a hydroperoxide compound, structurally related to
      acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - 3-Hydroperoxy-3-methylphthalide (3-HMP), a structural analog of acetylsalicylic
      acid (ASA), was found to have some antiinflammatory properties which are distinct
      from those of ASA. 3-HMP inhibits human platelet aggregation and ATP release in
      response to low concentrations of collagen but is less effective than ASA. 3-HMP
      inhibits prostaglandin and thromboxane production from exogenous [14C]arachidonic
      acid by human platelet lysates in vitro and does so at lower concentrations than
      ASA (3-HMP IC50 = 10 microM; ASA IC50 = 50 microM). 3-HMP is also more effective
      than ASA as an inhibitor of prostacyclin-like activity production by rings of
      rabbit aorta. Human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte [14C]arachidonic acid
      metabolism is inhibited by 3-HMP but not ASA. In urethane-anesthetized rats, 3
      HMP (10 mg/kg intravenously) is effective in inhibiting PMN leukocyte
      accumulation in response to intrapleural carrageenan administration whereas ASA
      is ineffective (100 mg/kg intravenously). This hydroperoxy analog of ASA has
      antiinflammatory activity which may result from a combination of the ASA-like and
      hydroperoxide-related pharmacological properties.

PMID- 6430803
TI  - Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the in vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of
      human and mouse neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is reported to have antiinflammatory activity in
      various systems. Since resistance to bacterial infection can be thought of as a
      specialized type of inflammation, we were interested in determining the effect of
      DMSO on phagocyte bactericidal activity. The results indicated that in vitro DMSO
      treatment of human and mouse neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes caused a dose
      dependent inhibition of the killing of Escherichia coli and Listeria
      monocytogenes. However, pretreatment of mice with DMSO in vivo caused only a
      slight decrease in the subsequent in vitro bactericidal activity of neutrophils
      and macrophages from those mice. In addition, repeated injection of mice with a
      physiologically relevant dosage of DMSO did not enhance the lethality of either
      E. coli or L. monocytogenes, nor did it affect the clearance of a sublethal
      Listeria challenge from the spleen and liver. These results suggest that clinical
      usage of DMSO should not predispose human subjects to bacterial infection.

PMID- 6430804
TI  - Effect of mouse lymphokines and cloned mouse interferon-gamma on the interaction
      of Rickettsia prowazekii with mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.
AB  - We studied the effects of crude mouse lymphokines and cloned mouse interferon
      gamma on the interaction of Rickettsia prowazekii with mouse macrophage-like
      RAW264.7 cells. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with lymphokines before infection,
      after infection, or both before and after infection with R. prowazekii led to
      killing of a substantial proportion of the RAW264.7 cells. Such cytotoxicity
      required both lymphokines and viable R. prowazekii and did not occur in mouse
      fibroblastic L929 cells. Untreated cultures of RAW264.7 cells supported good
      growth of the Breinl strain of R. prowazekii, but in lymphokine-treated cultures,
      little or no rickettsial growth occurred in the cells that survived the cytotoxic
      reaction. In addition, treatment of RAW264.7 cells with lymphokines before
      rickettsial infection was associated with suppression of the initial infection.
      The effects of cloned mouse interferon-gamma were similar to the effects of crude
      mouse lymphokines. Assessment of cytotoxicity, inhibition of the initial
      infection, and inhibition of rickettsial growth in RAW264.7 cells pretreated with
      various concentrations of interferon-gamma indicated that the effects of the
      lymphokines could be explained by the interferon-gamma that was present in these
      preparations. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with interferon-gamma makes them
      unsuitable host cells for R. prowazekii.

PMID- 6430805
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from
      Fisher immunotype 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - A high-molecular-weight polysaccharide (PS) was isolated from the culture
      supernatant of a Fisher immunotype 3 (IT-3) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Consistent with previously reported findings for IT-1 and IT-2 PS, the
      preparation of IT-3 PS was found to be an immunogenic, nontoxic form of the O
      polysaccharide side chain on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The IT-3 PS was mainly
      carbohydrate in composition. It was serologically and chemically identical to LPS
      O side chain, but distinct from that structure in molecular size and
      immunogenicity. The IT-3 PS was nontoxic in mice and guinea pigs, nonpyrogenic in
      rabbits, and greater than 1,000-fold less reactive than IT-3 LPS in gelation of
      the Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Preliminary analyses by gas-liquid chromatography
      and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance have established the structural identity of IT
      3 high-molecular-weight PS and the IT-3 O side chain. IT-3 PS was immunogenic in
      rabbits and mice. After active immunization, mice were protected against P.
      aeruginosa IT-3 intraperitoneal infection and burn wound sepsis. IT-3 PS also
      elicited protection against challenge with an IT-5 strain of P. aeruginosa,
      indicating that low-level contamination of the IT-3 PS with IT-3 LPS was not
      responsible for the immunogenic activity. These findings demonstrate the
      feasibility of preparing nontoxic immunogenic IT-3 PS capable of eliciting
      serotype-specific protective antibodies, employing methods similar to those
      previously described for the isolation of PS from other P. aeruginosa
      immunotypes.

PMID- 6430806
TI  - Identification of an iron-regulated 37,000-dalton protein in the cell envelope of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - We examined the outer membrane proteins which appear during the growth of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae F62 in complex medium supplemented with 25 microM Desferal
      mesylate, a potent iron chelator. Outer membranes were prepared by Sarkosyl
      extraction and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Several higher-molecular-weight (74,000 to greater than 94,000)
      proteins increased under iron-limiting conditions. In addition we observed the
      appearance of an iron-regulated protein with an apparent molecular weight of
      37,000. This protein comigrated with the gonococcal protein I under normal
      Laemmli gel conditions. By increasing the ionic strength of the lower gel buffer,
      separation of protein I and the 37,000-dalton iron-regulated protein occurred.
      The 37,000-dalton protein stained poorly with Coomassie blue. However, when a
      silver stain was used, the protein appeared as a major component of the
      gonococcal outer membrane. Production of this 37,000-dalton protein was
      suppressed by the addition of iron to the medium. An iron-regulated protein with
      a similar molecular weight was observed in four clinical isolates and in an
      additional laboratory strain. Peptide mapping indicated that the 37,000-dalton
      protein was distinct from protein I and was identical between strains of the WI
      and WII serogroups.

PMID- 6430807
TI  - Phagosomal membranes of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-immune alveolar macrophages are
      resistant to disruption by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
AB  - Data obtained in this study reaffirm that virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      H37Rv has a potent phagosome-destroying capacity when ingested by normal alveolar
      macrophages. In contrast, Mycobacterium bovis BCG-immune alveolar macrophages are
      highly resistant to this virulence mechanism. BCG-immune sera incubated with BCG
      immune alveolar macrophages did not increase resistance of BCG-immune alveolar
      macrophages as compared with the data obtained from experiments with normal sera.
      BCG-immune sera failed to confer resistance to normal alveolar macrophages
      against the phagosomal membrane-destroying H37Rv virulence mechanism.

PMID- 6430808
TI  - Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae protein II phase variation by use of
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The protein II (P.II) outer membrane proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which
      have been implicated in gonococcal pathogenesis, have been previously shown to
      undergo a type of phase variation in which expression of any of several different
      forms of the proteins may be switched on or off. We identified six
      electrophoretically distinct forms of P.II proteins (designated P.IIa through
      P.IIf) within strain FA1090, and we isolated colonial variants of FA1090 that
      expressed only one of the six different P.II protein forms. Two monoclonal
      antibodies that bound specifically and differentially to P.II proteins were
      produced. One antibody bound to proteins P.IIb and P.IId and was bactericidal for
      all colonial variants expressing P.IIb. The second antibody bound to P.IIa and
      was bactericidal for colonial variants expressing P.IIa. P.II protein profiles of
      survivors of antibody killing indicated that multiple P.II protein species may be
      expressed on a single bacterium and that P.II protein switching in the gonococcus
      is nonrandom.

PMID- 6430809
TI  - Kinetic analysis of microbe opsonification based on stimulated polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte oxygenation activity.
AB  - With Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the target microbes and polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNL) as effector phagocytes, the microbe-specific, immunoglobulin G
      (IgG)-dependent opsonic capacities of preimmune and immune sera were measured as
      the rate of stimulated PMNL dioxygenation of luminol yielding chemiluminescence
      (CL). When the reactants other than opsonin are present in concentrations that
      are not rate limiting, the information-effector relationship linking specific
      opsonin concentration to effector PMNL stimulation is described by the rate
      equation: L' = k'[IgG]i, where L' is the peak CL velocity (photons per minute),
      k' is the proportionality constant, [IgG] is the concentration of specific
      opsonin, and the exponent i is the order of the reaction with respect to opsonin.
      Since the specific opsonins were polyclonal IgG of unknown absolute serum
      concentration, the reciprocal rate expression, L' = k'D-i, was employed for data
      presentation; D is the serum dilution (final volume/initial serum volume), and
      the sign of i is changed to negative. The relationships of integral, first
      derivative, and second-derivative expressions of the CL response to opsonin
      concentration are illustrated with experimentally obtained data. Based on peak CL
      velocity or peak CL acceleration measurements taken over different time intervals
      of testing, the estimated order with respect to opsonin is highest, and probably
      most accurate, using the shortest test interval allowing reasonably good
      precision of measurement. As an alternative temporal approach, microbe
      opsonification kinetics are analyzed based on nodal time (Tn) measurements. The
      Tn is the time point separating the acceleration and deceleration phases of the
      PMNL oxygenation response to stimulation and as such satisfies the criterion of a
      selected condition of PMNL activation.

PMID- 6430810
TI  - Interferon induction in human mixed leukocyte-tumor-cell reactions: evidence for
      restriction to a certain lineage expressing glycophorin A.
AB  - This study reports the induction of interferon (IFN) in human mononuclear cells
      (MNC) by hematopoietic tumor cells. Only 3 out of 15 cell lines were capable of
      inducing IFN in the mixed leukocyte/tumor-cell reaction (MLTR). K562, a
      pluripotent stem cell line and DUTKO-I, a hybrid between K562 and Daudi (Burkitt
      lymphoma) induced high levels of antiviral activity (ranging from 50-440 units
      IFN/ml). PUTKO-I, a hybrid between K562 and P3HR-I (Burkitt lymphoma) induced
      very low levels of IFN (10 units/ml). This antiviral activity was produced by HLA
      DR + adherent cells as revealed by different cell separation techniques, and
      shared well-known properties of IFN gamma (isoelectric point, inactivation by
      anti-human IFN gamma antibodies; species-restricted protection). MLTR-induced IFN
      induction could be blocked by enzyme treatment of tumor cells, but was still
      present when glutaraldehyde-fixed cells were used for induction. Analysis of the
      cells by flow cytometry for expression of glycophorin A (GpA) revealed that
      expression of GpA correlated with the ability to induce antiviral activity in
      MLTR. Furthermore, isolated GpA could be used as a stimulant as well and the
      response to either K562 cells or soluble GpA was enhanced up to ten-fold by the
      addition of a GpA-specific monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 6430811
TI  - Effects of long-term molsidomine treatment versus isosorbide dinitrate and
      placebo on exercise tolerance in stable angina.
AB  - A single-blind study (n = 59) was performed to assess the effect of long-term (4
      week) orally administered molsidomine (2 mg 4 X daily), isosorbide dinitrate (10
      mg 4 X daily), and placebo on exercise tolerance performed on the bicycle
      ergometer by patients with stable angina on effort and with significant coronary
      artery disease. Isosorbide dinitrate had similar effects to placebo, both failed
      to modify the pressure-rate product, the sustained work load, and the ST segment
      depression, but slightly decreased, although not significantly, the incidence of
      angina. Although not affecting the pressure-rate product and the mean blood
      pressure, molsidomine decreased significantly the ST segment depression (p less
      than .05). In conclusion, by markedly reducing preload and because of its long
      lasting effect (up to 6 h), the new vasodilator drug molsidomine plays a useful
      role in the long-term management of stable angina on effort.

PMID- 6430812
TI  - Long-term effect of pindolol on plasma lipids, apoproteins A, blood glucose, and
      serum insulin levels.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to study the effect of 12-month therapy
      with pindolol on serum lipids, apoproteins A, insulin, and blood glucose levels.
      The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.05)
      during the 1st month of therapy. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total
      cholesterol increased slightly during therapy, but this increase was significant
      (P less than 0.05) only after 6 months. The total serum cholesterol level was
      lower (p less than 0.05) after 6 months than after 1 month of therapy. The
      concentrations of LDL-cholesterol showed a slight tendency to decrease during
      treatment. The concentrations of serum free fatty acids and triglycerides
      remained about constant during treatment. No significant changes in the
      concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were found during the therapy with
      pindolol. Fasting blood glucose concentrations did not show a significant change
      after 12-month treatment with pindolol. During the oral glucose tolerance test,
      blood glucose values were raised after pindolol therapy slightly at 60 and
      significantly at 120 min. No significant changes in the levels of serum insulin
      during the glucose tolerance test were found after treatment with pindolol.
      Pindolol may induce glucose intolerance without impairment in insulin release. A
      comparison of the results of this study with previous reports on other beta
      blockers suggests that pindolol might have fewer untoward effects on lipid
      metabolism than other beta blockers.

PMID- 6430813
TI  - Hemopexin levels in mice.
AB  - Using a simple measurement system of hemopexin, single radial immunodiffusion
      plate, the following results were obtained; firstly the normal level of hemopexin
      concentration in mouse was 0.55-1.25 mg ml-1. Secondly, antitumor agents were
      classified into two types on the basis of changes of hemopexin levels after
      administration of the agents. Finally, a positive statistical correlation between
      solid type tumor weight and hemopexin concentration in the mouse was observed.

PMID- 6430814
TI  - Theoretical analysis of the pulmonary gas exchange at rest and during exercise.

PMID- 6430815
TI  - Nomograms for the pulmonary gas exchange at rest and during exercise.

PMID- 6430816
TI  - Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6430817
TI  - Studies on protracted tissue reactions and repair after circulatory and skeletal
      damage to the rat mandible.
AB  - The effect of circulatory and skeletal damage to the distal part of the mandible
      was studied on young growing rats after interruption of the inferior alveolar
      artery. The central part of the mandible including the incisor was most
      vulnerable to circulatory trauma. Maximal damage was seen when the inferior
      alveolar artery was interrupted combined with bilateral reflection of the
      mandibular periosteum. The damage produced then was a necrosis of the incisor
      pulp, odontoblasts and enamel organ and extensive resorption of the centrally
      located compact bone. When both sides of the mucoperiosteum remained intact,
      damage to the main vessels of the mandible did not produce total necrosis of the
      incisor pulp. Reparative events with production of a fibrous connective tissue of
      the pulp and osteodentin production were seen. After resorption of sequestered
      bone was finished, this was replaced by a cell-rich type of bone which also
      replaced the alveola of those animals which had had their incisors excised.
      Hypercementosis was seen in the molars after 1 year. No respiratory activity in
      the incisor pulps was seen after the circulatory damage.

PMID- 6430818
TI  - Primary oral malignant melanoma.
AB  - 3 cases of primary oral malignant melanoma are described. 2 of these patients
      died as a result of metastatic disease, one 12 months after the initial
      diagnosis, the other within 33 months. The 3rd patient, still alive after 27
      months, has metastatic melanoma deposits in the liver. The clinical presentation
      of oral malignant melanoma is discussed and reference is made to treatment and
      the overall prognosis of the lesion.

PMID- 6430819
TI  - Central neurilemmomas of the mandible. Report of a case.
AB  - Central neurilemmomas involving the jaws are rare benign tumours probably
      originating from the neural sheath. We report 2 cases involving the posterior
      part of the mandible. The 1st case (male, age 20 years) had no symptoms of a
      tumour, which was discovered by accident in an orthopantomogram. The 2nd case
      (female, age 66 years) had experienced pain because of a tumour. The radiographic
      appearance of these tumours seemed to be non-specific. These 2 neurilemmomas have
      recurred, probably due to incomplete primary removal of the tumour.

PMID- 6430820
TI  - An unusual radiopacity in the upper jaw.

PMID- 6430821
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws. (I). Clinicopathological features.
AB  - A clinicopathological study has been performed on a series of 42 well-documented
      examples of aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws recorded in the literature, and 4
      additional personally observed cases. Most occurred in the first three decades
      (93%), 2/3 of patients being younger than 20 years. There was a preponderance of
      females (62%). Both mandible and maxilla were involved, particularly the molar
      regions. A number of mandibular cases extended to the angle and ascending ramus.
      Swelling was usually present and there was frequently a history of rapid growth.
      Radiologically, they often appeared as multilocular radiolucencies with expansion
      and thinning of the cortical plates. Histologically, the lesions consisted of
      multiple cystic spaces of varying size, usually filled with blood. The
      intervening solid tissue frequently showed features of other pathological
      lesions, particularly the central giant cell granuloma, but occasionally as
      fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma and cementifying fibroma. Recurrences have
      been common probably because of technical difficulties in entirely removing very
      large lesions. Thorough curettage, if necessary by an extraoral approach, is the
      most favoured method of treatment.

PMID- 6430822
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws. (II). Pathogenesis.
AB  - The pathogenesis of the aneurysmal bone cyst is the subject of much controversy.
      This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the aneurysmal bone cyst is
      a secondary phenomenon which occurs in a primary lesion of bone. Histological
      material from 303 bone lesions was studied for evidence of development of
      aneurysmal bone cyst. Microcysts and blood-filled spaces, similar to those seen
      in aneurysmal bone cysts, were observed in 15 of 54 central giant cell granulomas
      studied (28%). The frequency was lower (10%) in 49 cases of fibrous dysplasia and
      very low in ossifying and cementifying fibromas. 1 of 7 cases of Paget's disease
      of bone showed large blood spaces. It is postulated that the initiating process
      of the aneurysmal bone cyst is the microcyst, which forms as a result of
      intercellular oedema in a primary lesion with loose, unsupported stroma. Rupture
      of vessels into the microcysts introduces blood under haemodynamic pressure. With
      little resistance provided by the stroma, the blood spaces resorb the surrounding
      bone and lift the periosteum, which produces a thin shell of new bone. Similar
      histological features were observed in 6 of 42 fibrosarcomas examined (14%) and
      in 8 of a series of 75 osteosarcomas (11%). While many of these lesions did not
      present with clinical similarity to the aneurysmal bone cyst, it is postulated
      that this type of case may account for the so-called malignant aneurysmal bone
      cyst occasionally reported.

PMID- 6430823
TI  - Advanced central myxoma of the jaws in Nigeria. Clinical features, treatment and
      pathogenesis.
AB  - 18 advanced cases of myxoma of the jaws are described. These had a typical age,
      sex and site distribution and characteristic clinical and radiographic features.
      Surgical treatment was radical as benefits large, poorly defined tumours, but
      there was no evidence that these were aggressive lesions. It is argued that the
      designation of myxoma as an odontogenic tumour is uncertain though not excluded.
      Attention is drawn to evidence that many myxomas of the jaws may be examples of
      myxomatous degeneration in other neoplasms.

PMID- 6430824
TI  - Intrabony ameloblastoma of the jaws. An analysis of 147 Thai patients.
AB  - In this study, 147 cases of intrabony ameloblastoma from the files of our
      departments were reviewed. Clinical findings showed an average age of 31.6 years
      and a sex ratio of 1.1:1. The average duration of the tumour was 2.7 years. The
      majority of the tumours, 93.9%, occurred in the mandible with 36.1% of the cases
      found in the molar area. Radiographically, 62.7% of the lesions were polycystic.
      Histopathologically, 49.0% had a follicular pattern. There seems to be no direct
      correlation between the histologic patterns and the radiographic appearances of
      the tumors but there is a slight indication that both monocystic and polycystic
      types tend to have the plexiform pattern, while the soap-bubble type tends to
      have the follicular pattern.

PMID- 6430825
TI  - Jaw fractures in the county of Stockholm (1978-1980) (I). General survey.
AB  - The material comprised patients from the Stockholm region with jaws fractured
      during the years 1978-1980. It is the first time a total material is reported
      from this area. The following data were registered from case sheets and
      radiographs: age, sex and nationality, time of injury, admittance clinic, time
      spent in hospital, delay before treatment, aetiology of injury, associated
      consumption of alcohol or narcotics, localisation and number of fractures,
      additional injuries, treatment complications and cooperation.

PMID- 6430826
TI  - Prophylaxis with tinidazole in oral surgery. Tissue penetration and effect on the
      oral microflora.
AB  - 10 patients with odontogenic cysts were given 500 mg tinidazole orally every 12 h
      for infection prophylaxis before cystectomy. The administration started 48 h
      before operation and lasted for 7 days. Samples for assay of tinidazole were
      collected from blood plasma and cystic fluid during surgery. Saliva samples for
      microbiological studies of the normal flora were obtained before, during and
      after the antibiotic administration period. Mean concentrations of tinidazole in
      plasma and cystic fluid were 10.7 mg/l and 10.0 mg/l, respectively. The anaerobic
      flora was suppressed in all patients and two patients were colonized with
      enterobacteria, and two with fungi. No anaerobic bacterial strains resistant to
      tinidazole emerged during the treatment period. It is concluded that tinidazole
      can be administered prophylactically 48 h before oral surgery, in order to obtain
      maximal tissue concentration, without risk of the emergence of resistant
      bacterial strains or severe ecological disturbances of the oral microflora.

PMID- 6430827
TI  - Influence on oropharyngeal and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus by
      dicloxacillin therapy in patients undergoing oral surgery.
AB  - 71 healthy oral, throat and nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus undergoing
      surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars were assigned to the
      following regimens. 40 patients received dicloxacillin 500 mg orally 60 min
      before the operation and then 500 mg dicloxacillin 3 times daily for 7 days and
      31 patients no antibiotic. Oropharyngeal and nasal cultures were obtained from
      each patient before, during and after the operation. Dicloxacillin reduced the
      carrier rates significantly. No increase in in vitro antibiotic resistance was
      observed in the staphylococcal isolates obtained after therapy. Dicloxacillin was
      well tolerated and toxicity was not encountered in any patient.

PMID- 6430828
TI  - A clinical and radiographic evaluation of cultivated and autotransplanted human
      teeth.
AB  - A vital periodontal membrane (PDM) is of ultimate importance for a successful
      periodontal healing of auto-transplanted teeth. It has been suggested that a
      damaged PDM may heal during an intermediate tissue culture period. In the present
      study, 26 canines, bicuspids and third molars were surgically removed and
      cultivated in a modified Eagle's medium for 3 to 17 weeks. The teeth were then
      transplanted to their new positions. 11 out of 18 (61%) transplanted teeth with
      complete root formation and 7 out of 8 (88%) transplanted teeth with incomplete
      root formation healed with an apparently normal periodontal ligament. 5 teeth,
      all canines, became ankylotic. Tissue cultivation of teeth to be transplanted
      resulted in approximately the same healing rate as has been reported for
      autotransplanted teeth without the tissue culture procedure.

PMID- 6430829
TI  - Epithelial dysplasia in oral lichen planus. A preliminary report of a Dutch
      Hungarian study of 100 cases.
AB  - In a combined study of the Free University, Amsterdam and the Semmelweis Medical
      University, Budapest, the presence of epithelial dysplasia was studied in 100
      cases of oral lichen planus. The criteria of epithelial dysplasia which were used
      in this study correspond with those reported by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
      Oral Precancerous Lesions in 1978. In approximately 25% of all cases, moderate or
      at least mild dysplasia was observed. The number of dysplastic changes per
      section did not show any significant correlation with the clinical type, nor with
      age or sex. There were no marked differences between the Amsterdam and Budapest
      material. Long-term data on the follow-up were not available yet. No comment can
      therefore be given about the meaning of the finding of epithelial dysplasia in
      lichen planus being a sign of premalignancy or not.

PMID- 6430830
TI  - Candida in patients with oral lichen planus.
AB  - The presence of yeasts in oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions was studied in
      cultivations from 41 OLP patients and by histological examination in 39 of these
      cases. The histological features of OLP were also recorded. The cultivation
      results were compared with those of a randomly selected, age- and sex-matched
      control group without mucosal changes. The extent of growth was recorded as
      "sparse" (1-10 colonies), "model-rate" (11-40 colonies), or "heavy" (greater than
      40 colonies). Yeasts were found to be present on cultures or histologic sections
      from a total of 19 OLP patients (46%). "Moderate-heavy" growth was obtained in
      29% of the OLP cases but in only 7% of the control group. Candida albicans
      accounted for over 80% of the yeasts. The histological examination revealed only
      3 cases of invasive fungal growth. Regarding the criteria of OLP, hyperortho- or
      hyperparakeratosis and a band-shaped subepithelial infiltration of lymphocytes
      were present in all specimens, basilar liquefaction degeneration in 87% and an
      eosinophilic zone in 77%. Local treatment with amphotericin B (Fungizone) in 18
      OLP patients with positive findings resulted in subjective relief of symptoms in
      89% of the patients. Clinical improvement was seen in 94%. The presence of
      Candida was significantly correlated to low secretion rate in unstimulated
      saliva.

PMID- 6430831
TI  - Morphological study of unnamed foramina in north Indian human mandibles and its
      possible role in neurovascular transmission.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate the different unnamed foramina in
      the mandible, placing more emphasis on the foramen present on the medial aspect
      of the mandible near the last molar teeth. Macerated mandibles in 4% of cases
      showed the presence of foramen. These were investigated for their possible role
      in neurovascular transmission. The unnamed medial foramen and the incisive
      foramen may transmit fibres from the nerve to mylohyoid, to supply the lower last
      molars and incisors, respectively, thereby providing escape of pain fibres to
      these teeth after the inferior dental nerve block by the local anaesthesia at the
      mandibular foramen. Mandibles dissected along with the attached muscles showed
      transmission of blood vessels through the foramina present at the insertion of
      muscles.

PMID- 6430832
TI  - Hemihypoplasia of the mandible combined with lateral open bite corrected by
      sandwich technique. A case report.
AB  - A hemihypoplasia of the body of the mandible and the ascending ramus on the left
      side, combined with a lateral open bite on the right side is described. Operative
      reconstruction on the left side was performed by sandwich technique. The
      correction of the lateral open bite involved the following: vertical ramus
      osteotomy on the right side, paramedian vertical body osteotomy on the left side,
      moving the body of the mandible upwards into the predetermined position.

PMID- 6430833
TI  - Cranial manifestations of hypophosphatasia in childhood nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - A 7-year-old boy was referred to the children's hospital because of gross oedema
      and tiredness. Massive proteinuria was found and the condition was diagnosed as a
      childhood nephrotic syndrome. Concomitantly, pathologically low levels of serum
      alkaline phosphatase were recorded, and this, together with generalized
      osteoporosis and premature synostosis of cranial sutures, led to a second
      diagnosis: hypophosphatasia. The patient's family history further confirmed this
      condition of a heritable defect of metabolism. Dental inspection revealed very
      carious teeth with characteristically enlarged pulp chambers in molars.
      Histological examination of an extracted tooth revealed an unusually wide zone of
      predentine with some other dentinal irregularities. No cement layer was found.
      The skeletal age and exfoliation of primary teeth, however, were normal, unlike
      most reported cases of hypophosphatasia. The patient's renal disease was treated
      mainly with corticosteroids. There is no treatment for hypophosphatasia.

PMID- 6430834
TI  - Atypical presentation of a solitary bone cyst.
AB  - Solitary bone cysts, also known as haemorrhagic, traumatic or simple bone cysts,
      of the jaws are a well-recognised entity, being found primarily in the mandible,
      occasionally in the maxilla and rarely in the zygoma. In this report, routine
      investigative measures confused the diagnosis of the lesion.

PMID- 6430835
TI  - Radical reactions in aqueous disulphide-thiol systems.
AB  - Absolute rate constants have been measured for the reaction of (CH3SSCH3)+. and
      sulphur centred radical cations of lipoic acid, lip (SS)+., with various thiols
      including penicillamine, cysteamine and cysteine. Under pulse radiolysis
      conditions no reactions was observed between the disulphide radical cations and
      the neutral thiols, RSH, i.e. kappa less than or equal to 10(7) M-1 s-1. Rate
      constants in the order of 10(9) M-1 s-1, i.e. close to the diffusion controlled
      limit, were, however, found for the corresponding reactions with the thiolates,
      RS-. In systems containing lipoate and cysteamine the lip (S therefore S)+.
      induced oxidation of CyaS- proceeds via CyaS., (CyaS therefore SCya)- and lip (S
      S)- as intermediates, i.e. results in a cysteamine mediated conversion of an
      oxidizing lip (S therefore S)+. radical cation to a reducing lip (S S)- radical
      anion along the reaction route. In other cases the reaction of disulphide radical
      cations with thiolate anions was found to proceed via an optically absorbing
      transient (lambda max approximately 380 nm) which is suggested to be an adduct
      radical. The mechanism of the (RSSR)+. induced oxidation of thiolate appears to
      depend on the stability of the 3-electron bonded disulphide radical anion.

PMID- 6430836
TI  - Esophageal foreign bodies in children.
AB  - In the diagnosis of esophageal foreign bodies in children, stridor and dyspnea as
      well as dysphagia are important. The history is often negative. Long-standing
      esophageal foreign bodies often present as a neck mass and develop Zenker-type
      diverticula in the cricopharyngeal sphincteric area. CT scanning has proven to be
      highly useful in delineating radio-transparent foreign bodies and their precise
      location in this clinical situation. Two cases with dysphagia and three cases
      with respiratory distress are presented and discussed.

PMID- 6430837
TI  - Central effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin on
      intraocular pressure in rabbits.
AB  - Administration of either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or arginine
      vasopressin (a-VP) into the rabbit third ventricle elevated intraocular pressure
      (IOP). IOP was increased 3.6 mmHg 45 min after TRH (10 ng/0.1 ml) administration
      and increased 6.4 mmHg 45 min following delivery of a-VP (5 micrograms/0.1 ml).
      Outflow facility and episcleral venous pressure were not altered by either agent.
      Estimated aqueous humor flow 45 min after third ventricle administration was
      increased 66% after TRH and 91% after a-VP delivery. Posterior chamber aqueous
      humor ascorbate was reduced 60 min after TRH administration. Pretreatment with
      either systemic or topical atropine prevented the TRH or a-VP induced increase in
      IOP. Body temperature (BT), which was unaltered after TRH administration, was
      elevated by third ventricle delivery of a-VP. The a-VP induced increase in BT was
      blocked by systemic pretreatment with either indomethacin or atropine.

PMID- 6430838
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytic inhibition by citrate, other metal chelators, and
      trifluoperazine. Evidence to support calcium binding protein involvement.
AB  - Corneal ulceration after severe alkali burns of the eye is thought to result
      principally from collagen breakdown as a consequence of local polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte (PMN) activities. The favorable effect of topical citrate on such burns
      suggested a direct effect on these inflammatory cells. These in vitro studies
      show that the stimulation of human PMN by opsonized zymosan can be inhibited by
      citrate, EDTA, and EGTA. These compounds interfere with opsonized zymosan
      attachment to PMN, preventing the respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and
      degranulation. Reversal of this inhibition by calcium and/or magnesium suggests
      that mechanism is calcium chelation. Trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibition of
      opsonized zymosan attachment and phagocytosis implicates the involvement of
      calmodulin. We propose that citrate, EDTA, and EGTA interfere with the receptor
      mediated attachment of opsonized zymosan to the PMN cell membrane, leaving the
      PMN in a resting, granulated state. Inhibition of the receptor system by calcium
      depletion may be the result of interference with calcium-calmodulin modulated
      microfilament and/or microtubule interfaces in the PMN plasma membrane. It is
      postulated that comparable events occur in the citrate treated alkali burned
      cornea. Citrate inhibition of PMN may be useful in other eye and systemic
      diseases.

PMID- 6430839
TI  - Endothelial repair following Nd:YAG laser injury.
AB  - Effects of different energy levels (1.2, 2.0, 2.8, 4.0 mj) of a mode-locked
      Nd:YAG laser beam focused directly on the corneal endothelium were evaluated in
      rabbit, cat, and owl monkey. The endothelial lesion observed by specular
      microscopy at 10 min; 8, 16, and 24 hr; 3, 5, 7, and 21 days measured up to 0.8
      mM in diameter. It showed focal destruction of Descemet's membrane and a larger
      area of endothelial denudation corresponding probably to the shock wave generated
      by the plasma. The size of the defect correlated with the amount of energy
      delivered. Even though healing was characterized by a phase of rapid endothelial
      migration during the first 24 hr, only about one-half of the defect was covered
      after 1 week in all animals. This lesion persisted with minimal endothelial
      proliferation for 3 weeks in the rabbit and for 3 months in the cat. The monkey
      was followed for only 1 week. Our findings indicate that the laser-tissue
      interaction is different from mechanical or thermal modes of injury and
      interferes with the specific endothelial functions in repair.

PMID- 6430840
TI  - Will the first Medicare generation be the last?

PMID- 6430841
TI  - Polymicrobal pneumonia in a corticosteroid-treated patient with chronic
      obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 6430842
TI  - Multiple Ia-like molecules characterize HLA-DR2-associated haplotypes which
      differ in HLA-D.
AB  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated human Ia-like molecules
      was used to investigate the structural relationship between HLA-D and HLA-DR2.
      Eight different lymphoblastoid lines derived from HLA-DR2-associated homozygous
      typing cells, representing five distinct HLA-D clusters, were compared. Two or
      three distinct beta chain molecules from DR-like loci were identified in the DR2
      homozygous cell lines studied. Furthermore, one of these molecules was present in
      all lines tested, while the others were highly variable. The electrophoretic
      mobility of these variable DR-like molecules correlated very well with HLA-D
      typing studies, suggesting that the HLA-DR specificity and the HLA-D specificity
      on these DR2 cells may be present on separate, but related, molecules.

PMID- 6430843
TI  - Visual development.

PMID- 6430844
TI  - Structural development of the visual system of man.
AB  - Advances in our knowledge of the developing visual system have come
      experimentally from animal studies and, more empirically, from clinical
      observations. Recently morphological techniques used in experimental animals have
      been applied to the study of human nervous tissue at various ages. It can be
      observed that the human visual system is very immature at birth, at the level of
      the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the visual cortex. In the
      LGN and cortex there is an increase in post-synaptic surfaces (dendrites and
      spines) during the first postnatal months with a subsequent decrease to a lower,
      "adult" level by the second year. Synaptogenesis in the cortex is rapid after
      birth, with a maximum synaptic density at about 8 months. Thereafter synapses are
      eliminated to reach "adult" levels at about 11 years. In the monkey similar
      phenomena have been observed, but with a time-scale about four times shorter. In
      both monkey and man these developmental changes manifested by an initial
      overgrowth of pre- and postsynaptic elements and a subsequent "pruning" to mature
      levels correspond to a period of physiological and behavioural changes in visual
      function. This period represents a critical phase in normal development at a time
      when the risk of the development of amblyopia is at its highest.

PMID- 6430845
TI  - Care of the child with a gastrostomy tube: common and practical concerns.

PMID- 6430846
TI  - Radiation therapy of conjunctival and orbital lymphoid tumors.
AB  - Lymphoid tumors of the conjunctiva and orbit are rare and remain localized in the
      majority of cases. Sometimes it is not possible either clinically or
      histologically to differentiate between a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and benign
      lymphoid hyperplasia. A series of 24 patients is reported. Nineteen were
      classified as having malignant NHL and 5 benign hyperplasia; 1 of these 5 later
      developed metastases, however. All patients had systemic work-up: 18 had Stage I,
      1 had Stage II, and 5 had Stage IV disease. All patients received local radiation
      therapy with doses of 2400 to 2750 rad in 2-3 weeks for lesions of the eyelid and
      conjunctiva, and between 3000 and 3750 rad in 3-4 weeks for retrobulbar lesions.
      The lens was shielded in all patients except in 2 who had NHL of the vitreous
      body. A method of shielding the lens with a lead block mounted on a "low vac
      lens" is described, and the dose distribution within the eye and orbit is
      presented. The dose to the ocular lens is reduced to about 10% of the tumor dose
      with this technique. Patients who were treated with doses higher than 3000 rad
      experienced conjunctivitis and skin erythema that resolved completely. No other
      effects of radiation on normal structures of the ocular adnexa were observed in
      the 20 patients who are alive and without signs of tumor 10-46 months with a
      median follow-up time of 22 months.

PMID- 6430847
TI  - Adjuvant radiation therapy for rectal cancer.
AB  - Since 1976, 104 patients with rectal cancer have been treated with a new approach
      of combined pre- and postoperative radiation. All patients were given 500 rad
      preoperative irradiation on the day of or the day before surgery. Surgery in the
      majority of patients was an abdominal perineal resection. The disease was then
      staged pathologically according to Astler-Coller's modification of Duke's
      staging. Patients with early stage cancer (Stages A and B1) were followed with no
      further therapy. Patients with poor prognostic characteristics (Stages B2, C1,
      C2) were given postoperative pelvic irradiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks). Twenty
      nine patients were found to have Stage A or B1 cancer and were followed with no
      further therapy. Of these 29 patients, 1 patient developed recurrence and one has
      died of metastatic disease. The excellent survival of patients with early tumors
      indicates that minimizing the role of adjuvant therapy in this group has not been
      detrimental to their survival. Fifteen were found to have liver metastases at
      laparotomy and had just a colostomy and palliative therapy. Sixty patients had
      Stage B2 and C disease. Thirty-one received postoperative irradiation as per
      protocol. Twenty-nine patients did not receive postoperative irradiation for a
      variety of reasons. Follow-up ranges from 1 to 7 years in these patients. Of the
      29 patients with Stage B2 and C disease who should have but did not receive
      postoperative radiation, 10 patients (34%) have developed a recurrence in the
      pelvis, and 5 other patients (17%) have developed metastatic disease. Of 31
      patients who received postoperative irradiation, only 2 patients (6%) developed a
      local recurrence and 4 patients (13%) have developed distant metastases. Survival
      at 3 years was 80% for patients receiving the combined treatment, as compared to
      42% for those not receiving the postoperative part of the treatment protocol.

PMID- 6430848
TI  - Cutaneous amyloidosis associated with a monoclonal gammopathy in a dog.

PMID- 6430849
TI  - Surgical, medical, and nutritional management of gastric adenocarcinoma in a dog.

PMID- 6430850
TI  - Agar gel immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of clinical paratuberculosis in
      cattle.
AB  - During a 19-month period, the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was used as an
      aid in differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis in 51 cattle with a history of
      chronic weight loss and/or chronic diarrhea. Thirty-three cattle were AGID test
      positive for paratuberculosis. Twenty-eight cattle (87.5%) yielded Mycobacterium
      paratuberculosis from bacterial culture of feces. Four cattle were confirmed as
      having paratuberculosis on necropsy. One had a negative fecal culture but was
      lost to follow-up. Thus, 32 of the 33 AGID test-positive cattle (96.9%) were
      confirmed as paratuberculous by culture or necropsy. Of the 18 cattle that were
      AGID test-negative, 17 (94%) also were culture-negative after 12 to 20 weeks'
      incubation of the culture tubes. Direct fecal smears from 29 confirmed
      paratuberculous cattle were examined. Twenty-three (79.3%) had smears positive
      for M paratuberculosis. Fifteen culture-negative cattle were examined by direct
      smear; the results were negative for all.

PMID- 6430851
TI  - Physiopathologic aspects of Leydig cell function in varicocele patients.
AB  - Leydig cell function was studied in 108 varicocele (V) patients with a mean age
      of 30.9 years, and a control group (C) of 46 men with a mean age of 30 years.
      Plasma gonadotropin levels were determined before and after GNRH stimulation.
      Testosterone (T), 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH-P), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and
      estradiol (E2) were also assayed. Mean plasma T levels were significantly
      decreased in varicocele patients (V = 416 +/- 12.9, n = 106; C = 487 +/- 19.9, n
      = 40; P less than 0.01), while the basal 17-OH-P/T ratio was significantly
      increased (V = 0.38 +/- 0.02, n = 56; C = 0.28 +/- 0.02, n = 40; 0.02 greater
      than P greater than 0.01) and remained higher after hCG stimulation (P less than
      0.01). No significant differences in mean sex steroid levels were observed when
      comparing varicocele patients with normal sperm counts (VN) and those who had
      oligozoospermia (VO). There was a significant negative linear correlation between
      age and 17-OH-P (n = 56; r = -0.47; P less than 0.01) and T values (n = 106; r =
      0.27; P less than 0.01) in varicocele patients, which contrasted with the absence
      of any significant correlation with age in the controls. These data suggest that
      the duration of idiopathic varicocele influences testicular hormone secretion.

PMID- 6430852
TI  - Heterogeneity of sperm density profiles following 20-week therapy with high-dose
      LHRH analog plus testosterone.
AB  - Eight normal male volunteers received an LHRH analog, 100 to 500 micrograms
      daily, for 20 weeks. Testosterone enanthate, 100 mg, was given by injection every
      second week. Sperm density fell to 5.5 X 10(6)/ml and to 0 in two of the subjects
      receiving 100 micrograms, but was unchanged in the third. Three of the subjects
      who received 500 micrograms displayed azoospermia, whereas the other two showed
      no significant change in sperm density. The reasons for the heterogeneity are not
      clear. Only one of the three nonresponders had testosterone values that were
      higher than the other subjects. Gonadotropin levels were similar in responders
      and nonresponders. It is possible that the response to LHRH analog in man is
      determined by the extent of the reduction in LH bioactivity.

PMID- 6430853
TI  - Semisynthesis of A23187 (calcimycin) analogs. II. Introduction of a methyl group
      on the benzoxazole ring.
AB  - Semisynthesis of two demethylamino A23187 with a methyl group in the 4- or 5
      position on the benzene ring were carried out via the cleavage of A23187 oxazole
      ring and rebuilding of modified benzoxazoles. These compounds were shown to
      release Ca++ and MG++ from mitochondria and to keep part the antibacterial
      activity of the natural metabolite.

PMID- 6430854
TI  - Inhibition of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin.
AB  - On the basis of kinetic studies on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase (EC
      5.3.1.19) from six bacteria sources it has been shown that the epoxyamino acid
      anticapsin, a glutamine analog, is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme in
      regard to glutamine with Km value of 10(-4) M and Ki varying from 10(-7) to 10(
      6) M. Unlike other glutamine analogs like 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine,
      chloropentanoic acid, L-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid
      or albizziin, anticapsin is not generally inhibitory to various
      amidotransferases. It does not inhibit xanthosine 5'-monophosphate
      amidotransferase, glutaminase or gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.

PMID- 6430855
TI  - Resistance to macrolide antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus susceptible to
      lincomycin and mikamycin B.

PMID- 6430856
TI  - Microbial transformation of aklanonic acid, a potential early intermediate in the
      biosynthesis of anthracyclines.

PMID- 6430857
TI  - Depression of glucuronyltransferase activity by glucocorticoids in adult female
      mice.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of glucocorticoids on
      glucuronidation in the adult female mouse. In the first experiment, four mice
      served as controls, while four other mice were each given 80 micrograms
      triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at 39, 25, 15 and 1 h before they were killed. Liver
      homogenates from all animals were assayed for activity of uridine diphospho
      glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT). The mean enzymatic activity was 115 and 58 nmol
      of rho-nitrophenol conjugated to glucuronic acid X h-1 X mg of hepatic protein-1
      for control and TA-treated mice, respectively (P less than .01). In Exp. 2, 48
      mice were divided randomly into 12 groups, with four groups of controls, and four
      each treated with either 100 micrograms TA or 100 micrograms dexamethasone (DEX)
      at -4 and 0 h. All of the mice were given 2.5 mmol phenolphthalein (P) at 0 h.
      The excretion of free P was similar for all groups: however, mice treated with TA
      or DEX excreted significantly less P-glucuronide and mice treated with TA
      excreted significantly less P-sulfate than did the controls. In the third
      experiment, 30 mice each served as controls or were treated with 80 micrograms TA
      or 500 micrograms metyrapone (M) at -4 and 0 h. Also at 0 h, animals were given
      .12, .15, .19, .24 or .29 mg rho-cresol/g of body weight. The LD50 of rho-cresol
      for the control, TA- and M-treated groups were .19, .15 and .24 mg of rho
      cresol/g of body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430858
TI  - Pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, hypothalamic content of GnRH and pituitary LH
      and FSH concentrations immediately preceding puberty in gilts.
AB  - To determine whether pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH),
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or hypothalamic content of gonadotropin
      releasing hormone (GnRH) change before puberty, 40 prepubertal gilts averaging 7
      mo of age were slaughtered before or on the second, third or fourth day after
      relocation and boar exposure. Some gilts responded to relocation and boar
      exposure as indicated by swollen vulvae, turgid uteri and enlarged ovarian
      follicles at the time of slaughter. Pituitary concentrations of LH and FSH and
      hypothalamic content of GnRH were similar between gilts that responded to
      relocation and boar exposure and gilts that did not respond. In addition, boar
      exposure and relocation had no effect on pituitary concentrations of LH and FSH
      or on hypothalamic content of GnRH. To determine whether pituitary responsiveness
      to GnRH changes before puberty, a third experiment was conducted in which 72
      gilts were injected with 400 micrograms of GnRH either before or on the second,
      third or fourth day after relocation and boar exposure. In gilts that
      subsequently responded (i.e., ovulated) as a result of relocation and boar
      exposure, pituitary responsiveness to GnRH was reduced as compared with gilts
      that failed to ovulate after relocation and boar exposure. Peak concentrations of
      serum LH after GnRH injection were 4.6 +/- 1.3 vs 9.8 +/- .8 ng/ml for responders
      vs nonresponders. Peak serum FSH after GnRH injection was also lower for
      responders than for nonresponders (29.5 +/- 4.2 vs 41.2 +/- 2.4 ng/ml). When
      compared with controls, relocation and boar exposure did not significantly affect
      GnRH-induced release of LH and FSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430859
TI  - Isolation-perfusion of ovine hind limbs. IV. Effects of level of activity on
      amino acid and glucose metabolism.
AB  - Twenty-one wether lambs averaging 30.0 kg were utilized in a study to determine
      the influence of level of muscular activity (via electrical stimulation) on
      metabolism of amino acids and glucose of isolated-perfused hind limbs. Treatments
      consisted of: (1) control, (2) low electrical stimulation and (3) high electrical
      stimulation. Mean perfusion flow rate was unaffected by treatment or time of
      perfusion. Perfusion pressure and hematocrit were increased (P less than .05) by
      stimulation. Glucose levels decreased from a pretreatment average of 44.7 to
      41.3, 26.8 and 20.0 mg/dl for treatments 1 to 3, respectively. Lactic acid levels
      increased from the pretreatment mean of 37.7 to 46.7, 63.8 and 69.4 mg/dl,
      respectively. Plasma-free fatty acids were utilized from the perfusate at .84,
      .76 and .68 meq X liter-1 X min-1, respectively. Perfusate urea N levels were
      unaffected by treatment or time of sampling, but perfusate ammonia levels
      increased in all treatments (ammonia levels for treatments 1 to 3 increased by
      .50, 1.09 and 1.47 mg/dl, respectively). Perfusate amino acid changes suggested a
      flux of some amino acids from muscle to perfusate due to electrical stimulation,
      but perfusate branched chain amino acid concentrations decreased in all treatment
      groups. Fifty microcuries of 14C-lysine were included in the initial perfusate.
      Total perfusate radioactivity in all treatments declined with time, reflective of
      lysine uptake by the muscle. Total perfusate lysine concentration changed less
      markedly, suggesting that muscle is contributing to maintenance of plasma amino
      acid levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6430860
TI  - Effects of graded levels of lysine and excess arginine and threonine on young
      pigs fed practical diets.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to estimate the lysine requirement of the
      weanling pig and the effects of excess arginine and threonine on that estimate.
      Feeding 1.15% dietary lysine in Exp. 1 and 1.20% in Exp. 2 maximized feed
      efficiency and resulted in the lowest plasma urea N values. Adding .15% threonine
      to the diets in Exp. 2 did not affect (P greater than .10) performance of the
      pigs, but increased (P less than .01) plasma urea N and decreased (P less than
      .01) plasma lysine concentrations. Supplemental arginine (.22%) did not affect
      performance of the growing pigs in Exp. 3, but it increased (P less than .01)
      plasma urea N. Pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet utilized feed more efficiently
      (P less than .05) than those fed a corn-fish meal-dried whey diet. The most
      likely cause for this response was that the corn-soybean diet contained more
      lysine (.82%) than expected, whereas the corn-fish meal-dried whey diet had close
      to the expected content of lysine (.72%). From these results, it was concluded
      that the lysine requirement of the weanling pig fed practical diets is at least
      1.15 or 1.20% of the diet. Also, added arginine or threonine did not adversely
      affect the performance of pigs.

PMID- 6430862
TI  - Radioactive labels for Protein A: evaluation in the indirect immunoradiometric
      assay (IRMA) for Bacillus anthracis spores.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (SpA) labelled with [125I] by the Bolton & Hunter
      (1973) method performed about as well as labelled sheep anti-rabbit globulin
      (SAR) in an indirect immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for Bacillus anthracis spores
      immobilized on multispot microscope slides. SpA labelled with [3H] by
      propionylation also performed well but would be expensive to use. SpA labelled
      with [3H] fluorodinitrobenzene, or labelled with [125I] by the chloramine T
      reaction gave erratic assay results, high noise values and low signal-to-noise
      ratios, indicating substantial direct binding of labelled SpA to the slide
      surface and to the bacterial preparation. The uptake of radioactively labelled
      SpA in the IRMA was compared with the fluorescence intensity of individual spores
      in a microfluorometric immunofluorescence (IF) test involving dual labelled
      fluorescein-[125I]-SpA. The maximum number of SAR molecules bound to the mixture
      of spores and cell-free antigens in the B. anthracis IRMA was about twice the
      maximum number of radioactively labelled SpA molecules bound. The SAR:SpA
      saturation binding ratio on the surface of the spores, however, was approximately
      the inverse of this. It is concluded that radioactively-labelled SpA is not
      recommended in preference to anti-species antibody reagents in bacterial IRMA
      tests but fluorescein-conjugated SpA deserves further consideration for use in
      microscope-based IF tests for bacterial antigens.

PMID- 6430861
TI  - Factors affecting ovarian compensation after unilateral ovariectomy in gilts.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to identify the temporal limits of an ovarian
      compensatory response after unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) in gilts and to examine
      ovarian and hormonal factors that might be related to this response. In the first
      study, all eight gilts that were unilaterally ovariectomized on d 12, 14 or 16 of
      an estrous cycle and two of four ULO on d 18 had a significant compensatory
      increase in ovulation rate per ovary compared with controls. Ovulatory
      compensation failed to occur, however, in two of four and four of four gilts ULO
      on d 18 or 19 of an estrous cycle, respectively. In the second study, blood
      samples were collected from 26 gilts beginning on d 14 of an estrous cycle, and
      animals were assigned to sham-surgery or ULO on d 17, 18 or 19. Ovarian
      compensation occurred after ULO on all 3 d of surgery in the second study, but
      most follicles failed to ovulate and formed large luteinized cysts. The ability
      to compensate was related positively to the number of medium-sized follicles on
      the intact ovary at the time of ULO, to an increase in concentrations of follicle
      stimulating hormone 12 to 18 h after ULO and to the interval from ULO to the
      preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. In a third experiment, interruption of
      the ovulatory mechanism and development of cystic follicles similar to those
      observed in the second study were induced simply by physical manipulation of the
      d 19 preovulatory ovary while contralateral untouched ovaries ovulated normally.

PMID- 6430863
TI  - Pad-plate diffusion assay for virginiamycin in mash-type feeds.
AB  - An assay procedure has been developed for virginiamycin in mash-type feeds which
      includes removing fat interferences from the feeds by a rapid petroleum ether
      wash, a citric acid extraction, an acetone extraction, and the use of the pad
      plate diffusion system. The procedure eliminates the need for compensatory curves
      prepared from feeds of the same or similar composition. Recoveries from 10
      laboratory-prepared feeds containing 11.0 micrograms virginiamycin/g averaged
      89.3% with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.76%. Recoveries from a laboratory
      prepared feed containing 13.2 micrograms virginiamycin/g averaged 89.9% (CV
      9.92%). The procedure is simple, reasonably accurate, and precise.

PMID- 6430864
TI  - Rapid assay for tetracycline in premixes and mixed feeds.
AB  - A rapid assay for tetracyclines in premixes and mixed feeds is described, which
      uses the extraction and dilution systems of AOAC methods, and a strain of
      Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 selected to grow at 40 degrees C. The
      incubation period is 4.5 h. The rapid assay yields results similar to those
      obtained using the AOAC methods. For a 50 g chlortetracycline (CTC)/lb commercial
      premix, the rapid procedure averaged 109.2% of label vs 104.4% obtained using the
      AOAC method; for a 20 g CTC/lb premix, the rapid procedure averaged 89.2% vs
      89.3% obtained with the AOAC method. In 2 commercial premixes containing 50 g
      oxytetracycline/lb, the rapid assay averaged 127.1 and 110.5% vs 134.7 and 113.5%
      obtained using the AOAC method. In feed extracts supplemented with CTC equivalent
      to 25-200 g/ton, rapid assay recoveries averaged 101.9%; recoveries using the
      AOAC method averaged 110.6%. For feed extracts supplemented with oxytetracycline
      at the same levels, recoveries by the rapid assay averaged 95.4%, and by the AOAC
      method, 106.0%.

PMID- 6430865
TI  - Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination and confirmation of aflatoxin
      M1 in cheese.
AB  - A systematic method is proposed for determination and confirmation of aflatoxin
      M1 in cheese by liquid chromatography (LC). A sample of cheese is extracted with
      chloroform, cleaned up on 2 silica gel columns followed by a Sep-Pak C18
      cartridge, and chromatographed on a 5 microns octadecyl silica column with
      fluorometric detection. The sample extract or standard is treated with n-hexane
      trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (4 + 1) for 30 min at 40 degrees C. Analysis by LC
      with TFA-treatment of the extract provides quantitative data. Multiple assays of
      5 samples of Gouda cheese spiked with aflatoxin M1 at levels of 0.5, 0.1, and
      0.05 ng/g showed average recoveries of 93.2, 91.6, and 92.4%, with coefficients
      of variation of 2.63, 3.97, and 4.52%, respectively. Assay of 5 naturally
      contaminated cheeses resulted in 0.051-0.448 ng/g of aflatoxin M1. Limit of
      quantitation is about 0.01 ng/g. The identity of aflatoxin M1 is confirmed by
      treating aflatoxin M1 or the M2a derivative with TFA-methanol (or ethanol) (3 +
      1). The TFA-methanol reaction products of M2a could be detected quantitatively.

PMID- 6430866
TI  - Simultaneous thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin B1 and
      ochratoxin A in black olives.
AB  - A screening method has been developed for simultaneous determination of aflatoxin
      B1 and ochratoxin A in black olives. The technique includes extraction of both
      mycotoxins with aqueous methanol, cleanup using lead acetate, defatting with
      hexane, partitioning in chloroform, and thin layer chromatography. Detection
      limits are 5-7 micrograms aflatoxin B1 and 20 micrograms ochratoxin A/kg.

PMID- 6430867
TI  - Enzymatic-ultraviolet method for measuring lactose in milk: collaborative study.
AB  - Collaborators in 8 dairy and food industry laboratories performed one lactose
      determination on each of 8 unknown samples of milk, lowfat milk, or skim milk, as
      3 pairs of blind duplicates. Two known samples were provided to gain experience
      prior to analysis of the unknown samples. All of the above samples were also
      analyzed for lactose content by the official AOAC gravimetric method (16.507) by
      a commercial laboratory. From the overall mean of results on all samples,
      determinations by the enzymatic method averaged 0.49% lower than by the AOAC
      method. This difference was significant by the t-test (P = 0.05), which indicated
      a lack of agreement between the compared methods in determining lactose content.
      Standard deviations were similar for the 3 sets of blind duplicates which ranged
      between 3.67 and 4.55% lactose content. F-values revealed that variations between
      means obtained by laboratories differed significantly as compared with variations
      within laboratory means. The method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 6430868
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of cyanoglucosides in cassava.
AB  - A new method is reported for determination of cyanoglucosides in cassava. The
      method is simple, rapid, and sensitive. Ten g cassava tuber is homogenized with
      warm (65-70 degrees C) 80% ethanol (1 + 6, w/v) to extract cyanoglucosides (CNG).
      The ethanol is evaporated, and an aliquot of the extract (0.1-0.2 mL) is
      incubated with added linamarase in pH 6.0 phosphate buffer for 15 min at 30
      degrees C. The reaction is stopped by adding 0.2 N sodium hydroxide, the solution
      is neutralized, and cyanide is estimated by adding chloramine T and barbituric
      acid-pyridine reagent and measuring the absorbance at 570 nm. Complete CNG
      extraction and rapid inactivation of endogenous linamarase is possible with 80%
      ethanol. There is no interference from extractives in the linamarase reaction or
      in the estimation of cyanide. Recovery of added linamarin (as cyanide) is 98% by
      this assay. The minimum detection limit of cyanide in the assay is 0.1
      micrograms/mL.

PMID- 6430869
TI  - "Great Expectations"-defined and refined.

PMID- 6430870
TI  - Long term propranolol and hydralazine in hypertension.

PMID- 6430871
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate and betamethasone valerate with sodium cromoglycate
      in steroid-dependent asthma in children.

PMID- 6430872
TI  - Respiratory failure precipitated by carbohydrate loads.

PMID- 6430873
TI  - Voltage clamp effects on bacterial chemotaxis.
AB  - To examine whether or not sensory signaling in bacteria is by way of fluctuations
      in membrane potential, we studied the effect of clamping the potential on
      bacterial chemotaxis. The potential was clamped by valinomycin, a K+ -specific
      ionophore, in the presence of K+. Despite the clamped potential, sensory
      signaling did occur: both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis cells were still
      excitable and adaptable under these conditions. It is concluded that signaling in
      the excitation and adaptation steps of chemotaxis is not by way of fluctuations
      in the membrane potential.

PMID- 6430874
TI  - Resistance, germination, and permeability correlates of Bacillus megaterium
      spores successively divested of integument layers.
AB  - A variant strain that produced spores lacking exosporium was isolated from a
      culture of Bacillus megaterium QM-B1551. Two additional spore morphotypes were
      obtained from the parent and variant strains by chemical removal of the complex
      of coat and outer membrane. Among the four morphotype spores, heat resistance did
      not correlate with total water content, wet density, refractive index, or
      dipicolinate or cation content, but did correlate with the volume ratio of
      protoplast to protoplast plus cortex. The divestment of integument layers
      exterior to the cortex had little influence on heat resistance. Moreover, the
      divestment did not change the response of either the parent or the variant spores
      to various germination-initiating agents, except for making the spores
      susceptible to germination by lysozyme. The primary permeability barrier to
      glucose for the intact parent and variant spores was found to be the outer
      membrane, whereas the barrier for the divested spores was the inner membrane.

PMID- 6430875
TI  - Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from the photosynthetic bacterium
      Rhodospirillum rubrum was purified over 600-fold by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography, heat treatment, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and preparative
      scale gel electrophoresis. In vitro, this enzyme catalyzed a two-electron
      oxidation of CO to form CO2 as the product. The reaction was dependent on the
      addition of an electron acceptor. The enzyme was oxygen labile, heat stable, and
      resistant to tryptic and chymotryptic digestion. Optimum in vitro activity
      occurred at pH 10.0. A sensitive, hemoglobin-based assay for measuring dissolved
      CO levels is presented. The in vitro Km for CO was determined to be 110 microM.
      CO, through an unknown mechanism, stimulated hydrogen evolution in whole cells,
      suggesting the presence of a reversible hydrogenase in R. rubrum which is CO
      insensitive in vivo.

PMID- 6430876
TI  - Order of ribosomal protein genes in the Rif cluster of Bacillus subtilis is
      identical to that of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis with electrophoretic variants of ribosomal protein
      L1, L5, L9, or L11 were used to determine the order of the genes for these
      proteins by transformation experiments. The proteins are homologous with
      Escherichia coli proteins L1, L10, L12, and L11, respectively; using the gene
      locus designations based on this correspondence, we determined the order of the
      loci to be cysA-rplK-rplA-rplJ-rplL-rpoB. The order of the last five loci was
      identical to that of E. coli.

PMID- 6430877
TI  - Panic anxiety: a new biological model.
AB  - Previously unrecognized similarities among metabolic responses to various
      maneuvers used to evoke anxiety in patients with panic disorder are described. On
      the basis of these observations, a new biological model is proposed for panic
      disorder, in which the primary defect--which is neuroendocrine rather than
      psychiatric--is operationally placed within the redox-regulating apparatus of the
      brain stem. This model is consistent with many clinical features of panic
      disorder and also provides a theoretical framework for further studies of the
      pathophysiology of this and related conditions (e.g., hyperventilation syndrome).

PMID- 6430878
TI  - Lithium-induced accentuation of extrapyramidal symptoms in individuals with
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Lithium treatment in 9 elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease led to a
      marked accentuation of extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS) in 5 of 6 patients with
      preexisting EPS. EPS scores significantly correlated with plasma and RBC lithium
      levels. Lithium treatment had no such effects in the 3 patients without
      preexisting extrapyramidal symptoms.

PMID- 6430879
TI  - Isolation of two novel proteinase inhibitors from hemolymph of silkworm larva,
      Bombyx mori. Comparison with human serum proteinase inhibitors.
AB  - Two protein proteinase inhibitors, anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin, were
      isolated from the hemolymph of silkworm larva, Bombyx mori, using conventional
      gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography techniques. They had similar
      physicochemical properties, in molecular weight (42,000 for anti-trypsin and
      43,000 for anti-chymotrypsin), in amino acid composition, and in CD spectrum.
      Further comparison of these characteristics with human serum inhibitors, alpha-1
      proteinase inhibitor and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, suggested the resemblance of
      silkworm and human inhibitors. But the N-terminal sequences were not homologous
      to each other and antiserum against each silkworm inhibitor only formed a
      precipitin lines with its own antigen. These results indicated differences in
      minute parts of the inhibitors.

PMID- 6430880
TI  - Purification and some properties of intracellular esterase from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens.
AB  - A novel esterase was found in Pseudomonas fluorescens cells and purified to
      homogeneity as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The esterase was
      extracted from the cells by freeze-thawing and hypotonic treatment. Purification
      was achieved by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by successive
      chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and benzylamine-agarose and then
      electrophoresis. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of methyl esters, such as
      methyl butyrate, but its hydrolyzing activity decreased with increase in the
      chain length of the alcohol moiety, and it did not catalyze the hydrolysis of
      triacylglycerols, such as triacetin. In contrast, the enzyme acted on various
      acyl residues in a series of methyl esters, such as dimethyl succinate, methyl
      methacrylate, and dimethyl malate. The optimum pH for activity of this enzyme
      with methyl butyrate was 7.0-8.5. The enzyme was inhibited by
      phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. Its molecular weight was estimated as 48,000 by
      molecular sieve electrophoresis and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150.

PMID- 6430881
TI  - Binding sites of rat liver 5S RNA to ribosomal protein L5.
AB  - The ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of 5S RNA and the protein L5 was
      prepared from the large subunit of rat liver ribosomes. The RNA in the complex
      was digested in situ with RNase A or RNase T1. The RNase-resistant RNA fragments
      bound to the protein were recovered and purified by 2D-PAGE, and their nucleotide
      sequences were determined in order to elucidate the binding sites of the RNA to
      the protein. The results showed that the fragments had arisen from the 5'-end
      region (residues 1-21), from the second hairpin loop (residues 77-102) and from
      the 3'-end region (residues 106-120). Harsher digestion trimmed these fragments
      to shorter fragments. It was concluded that the minimal interactive sequences of
      5S RNA to the protein L5 were residues 13-21, residues 85-102, and residues 106
      114. A part of the first hairpin loop, residues 41-52, was also suspected to
      interact with the protein. These protein-binding sites of rat liver 5S RNA were
      compared with those of Escherichia coli, Halobacterium cutirubrum and yeast, and
      their probable conservation from eubacteria to eukaryotes is discussed.

PMID- 6430882
TI  - New evidence of the substrate specificity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D.
AB  - The susceptibility of a variety of oligosaccharides to endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase D was investigated. The oligosaccharides having the
      structures of Man alpha 1----6 (GlcNAc beta 1----4Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1---
      4GlcNAc beta 1----4(+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAcOT, derived from complex type
      triantennary sugar chains, released +/- Fuc alpha 1----6GlcNAcOT upon incubation
      with the enzyme at almost the same rate as Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)Man
      beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT. When the reaction products were reduced
      with NaB3H4 and analyzed by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography, a new radioactive
      peak was detected in both cases. This new radioactive oligosaccharide was
      confirmed to be Man alpha 1----6(GlcNAc beta 1----4Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1---
      4GlcNAcOT in the former case and Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1---
      4GlcNAcOT in the latter. These results indicated that endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase D does not require the presence of a free hydroxyl group at
      the C-4 position of the alpha-mannosyl residue of the trisaccharide glycon: Man
      alpha 1----3Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----.

PMID- 6430883
TI  - Production and characterization of specific antibodies against 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl
      sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (a potent hypotensive and platelet-activating ether
      linked phospholipid).
AB  - Specific antibodies against 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
      (platelet activating factor, PAF) were raised in rabbits. The anti-PAF IgG
      significantly agglutinated the PAF antigen and inhibited the platelet aggregation
      induced by PAF. In the double immunodiffusion test, the anti-PAF IgG specifically
      produced a single precipitin line with only PAF. Neither the 1-acyl-linked nor
      the non-acetylated analogue exhibited antigenic properties, which implies that
      the precise chemical structure is essential for the antigenic expression. Cross
      reactivity with various PAF analogues was also examined by the
      radioimmunoprecipitation technique.

PMID- 6430884
TI  - Acidic isozyme of a chymotrypsin-like esteroprotease from mouse submandibular
      gland.
AB  - An acidic isozyme of a chymotrypsin-like esteroprotease from the mouse
      submandibular gland was purified and its properties were compared with those of
      the basic isozymes purified previously (Takuma, T., et al. (1983) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 755, 70-75), bovine pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin, and other
      chymotrypsin-like enzymes of mice. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme
      was pH 4.7, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 25,000 by gel filtration
      on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme hydrolyzed benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (Bz-Tyr
      OEt) 7 times more slowly than basic isozymes did, but hydrolyzed casein as slowly
      as the basic isozymes did. The acidic isozyme was 40 times more sensitive to
      chymostatin than basic isozymes were, but 10 times less sensitive than alpha
      chymotrypsin was. Moreover, acidic and basic isozymes were immunologically
      distinct. Chymotrypsin-like esteroproteases in the submandibular gland were
      antigenically unique among chymotrypsin-like enzymes in various tissues of mice.

PMID- 6430885
TI  - Modification of sialic acid carboxyl group of ganglioside.
AB  - A simple and quantitative method for the modification of sialic acid carboxyl
      group in ganglioside is described. Methyl iodide was added to the ganglioside in
      dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction was completed quickly at room temperature, giving
      the methyl ester with practically no by-products. Reduction of the methyl ester
      was achieved by sodium borohydride. These modified gangliosides were chemically
      characterized. Reduced GM1 has a strong antigenicity compared with the original
      GM1, and it raised high titer antisera which did not crossreact with the original
      GM1 nor with its methyl ester. Peanut agglutinin, which binds strongly to asialo
      GM1 but weakly to GM1, bound to the methyl ester of GM1 and reduced GM1. Cholera
      toxin, which is specific for GM1, also reacted with the methyl ester of GM1 and
      reduced GM1 to a certain extent.

PMID- 6430886
TI  - Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 with high affinity for 7
      alkoxycoumarins.
AB  - A unique form of cytochrome P-450 (called P-450(2] with high affinity for 7
      alkoxycoumarins was purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated
      rabbits with an overall yield of about 0.6%. The purified preparation had a
      specific cytochrome P-450 content of 15-16 nmol per mg of protein and was
      homogenous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The
      apparent molecular weight estimated for P-450(2) was 50,500. In the oxidized
      state its absorption spectrum was characteristic of low-spin cytochrome P-450.
      The activity of purified P-450(2) to catalyze O-dealkylation of several 7
      alkoxycoumarins in the reconstituted system was compared with those of P-450(1),
      the major phenobarbital-inducible form in rabbit liver microsomes, and rat P
      448(2), purified from liver microsomes of beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats. With
      7-ethoxycoumarin as substrate, the pH optimum for P-450(2) was 6.5, whereas those
      for P-450(1) and rat P-448(2) were 7.5-8.0. P-450(2) showed Km values of 0.38 to
      1.4 microM for the five alkoxycoumarins tested, whereas the corresponding Km
      values determined for P-450(1) and rat P-448(2) were 40- to 700-fold higher. The
      Km values of P-450(2) and P-450(1) were relatively unaffected by the length of
      the alkyl chain in the alkoxycoumarins, whereas those of rat P-448(2), decreased
      markedly as the length of the alkyl chain increased. For all the three forms of
      cytochrome P-450, the highest Vmax values were observed with 7-ethoxycoumarin,
      and Vmax values tended to decrease with increase in the alkyl chain length in the
      substrate. Only P-450(2) catalyzed 7-hydroxylation of coumarin, though at a low
      rate. Progressive and irreversible inactivation of P-450(2), but not P-450(1) and
      rat P-448(2), was observed during the catalysis of 7-methoxycoumarin O
      demethylation, and this inactivation was considerably prevented by inclusion of
      cytochrome b5 in the reconstituted system.

PMID- 6430887
TI  - Studies on two types of phospholipase B from Penicillium notatum.

PMID- 6430888
TI  - Phosphorylation of human fibrinogen in vitro by calcium-activated phospholipid
      dependent protein kinase from pig spleen.
AB  - Human plasma fibrinogen rapidly incorporated stoichiometric amounts of [32P]
      phosphate when incubated with [32P]ATP and calcium-activated, phospholipid
      dependent protein kinase purified from pig spleen. Half-maximal fibrinogen kinase
      activity was attained at less than 0.1 mM calcium acetate. The optimum
      concentration of phosphatidylserine was about 50 micrograms per ml. Diolein
      slightly potentiated the stimulatory effect of phosphatidylserine. The alpha
      chain of fibrinogen, which is reported to contain endogenous phosphate (Blomback,
      B., Blomback, M., Edman, P., & Hessel, B. (1962) Nature 193, 883-884 and
      Doolittle, R.F., Watt, K.W.K., Cottrell, B.A., Strong, D.D., & Riley, M. (1979)
      Nature 280, 464-468) was phosphorylated by the protein kinase. The apparent Km
      value for the phosphorylation reaction (0.3-0.6 microM fibrinogen) was comparable
      with the Km values reported for the hitherto most effective substrate proteins
      for protein kinase C. Up to 5 mol phosphate per mol fibrinogen could be
      incorporated, indicating at least three phosphorylatable sites per half molecule.

PMID- 6430889
TI  - Spirulina ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. The complete amino acid sequence.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase [EC 1.18.1.2, FNR]
      from Spirulina sp., a blue-green alga, was determined. Spirulina ferredoxin-NADP+
      oxidoreductase was composed of 294 amino acid residues and the molecular weight
      of the holoenzyme was 34,135. An apparent homology of the amino(N)-terminal
      region was found between ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases from Spirulina and spinach.
      We also found some sequence similarities in human erythrocyte glutathione
      reductase and p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, both of
      which are NADPH-dependent FAD enzymes.

PMID- 6430890
TI  - The mechanism of membrane response to chilling. Effect of temperature on
      phospholipid deacylation and reacylation reactions in the cell surface membrane.
AB  - The ciliary membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis is physically and metabolically
      remote from the main centers of lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, it possesses an
      independent capacity to modify its phospholipid molecular species composition
      rapidly under stress. The role of ciliary phospholipid deacylating and
      reacylating enzymes in this phenomenon has been evaluated. Isolated cilia showed
      substantial phospholipase A (combined A1 and A2), acyl-CoA synthetase and
      acyltransferase activities. Activities of all the three enzymes of cilia from 39
      degrees C-grown cells were greatly reduced when the cilia were incubated at 15
      degrees C. In contrast, the phospholipase A and acyltransferase activities in
      cilia from 15 degrees C-grown cells were surprisingly high at 15 degrees C and
      twice as high at 37 degrees C as were the equivalent activities in preparations
      from 39 degrees C-grown cells. While the in vivo substrate specificity of
      phospholipase A could not be meaningfully assessed, the acyltransferases
      exhibited a temperature-dependent substrate specificity in vivo. Growth
      temperature also affected the positional distribution of fatty acids incorporated
      into ciliary phospholipids in vivo. The ability of acyltransferases to utilize
      added [14C] acyl-CoA could be markedly stimulated, and their lipid class
      specificity could be significantly altered in vitro by supplementing the
      incubation mixture with exogenous lysophospholipid acceptors. These findings
      suggest that the rate-limiting factor in acyl chain turnover is not the activity
      of acyltransferases per se but rather the availability of suitable substrates and
      acceptors. Therefore, we postulate that temperature alters the rate and
      specificity of ciliary membrane phospholipid retailoring primarily by controlling
      the in situ phospholipase A activity.

PMID- 6430891
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism among human mononuclear leukocytes. Lipoxygenase
      related pathways.
AB  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and assessed for the
      presence of contaminating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets. Incubations
      of these cell isolates were performed in the presence or absence of the calcium
      ionophore A23187 and/or 1-14C-labeled or unlabeled arachidonic acid. Using
      reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with simultaneous monitoring of
      ultraviolet light absorption at 229 and 280 nm and, where appropriate, of
      radioactivity, our studies reveal that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      generate leukotrienes C4 and B4 (LTC4 and LTB4) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid (5-HETE) following stimulation with A23187. The ratio of LTC4 to LTB4 was
      approximately 10-fold greater among the mononuclear cells than among similar
      incubations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Furthermore, the mononuclear cells
      failed to metabolize LTB4 into the omega-hydroxy or omega-carboxy derivatives
      that were always present in, and very characteristic of incubations of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Depletion of monocytes from the mononuclear cells
      by double adherence resulted in virtual loss of the generation of 5-lipoxygenase
      derived products by the remaining nonadherent cells, supporting the conclusion
      that the monocytes and not the lymphocytes were the source of LTC4, LTB4, and 5
      HETE. The presence of both 12-HETE and the cyclooxygenase-derived 12
      hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid correlated with the degree of platelet
      contamination, suggesting that the platelets account for the presence of these
      compounds.

PMID- 6430892
TI  - Modulation by glycerol of hepatic glycero-3-phosphate concentration, ketogenesis,
      and output of triglyceride and glucose in perfused livers from hyperthyroid and
      euthyroid rats.
AB  - Decreased glycero-3-phosphate (glycero-3-P) concentration, decreased output of
      triglyceride and glucose, increased output of apolipoprotein A-I, and increased
      ketogenesis were observed with isolated perfused livers from triiodothyronine
      treated rats in comparison to livers from euthyroid animals. Infusion of glycerol
      produced a concentration-dependent accumulation of glycero-3-P in perfused livers
      from hyperthyroid and euthyroid rats, which was considerably enhanced in the
      euthyroid group. The antiketogenic effect of glycerol in livers from
      triiodothyronine-treated rats was accompanied by increased output of glucose and
      triglyceride, while no change in the output of apolipoprotein A-I was observed.
      The reduction of ketogenesis (49%) in euthyroid livers by glycerol was not
      accompanied by increased triglyceride output, while with the largest amount of
      glycerol infused, decreased output of apolipoprotein A-I was seen. Output of
      triglycerides by livers from hyperthyroid rats correlated with hepatic
      concentration of glycero-3-P and was maximal at a glycero-3-P concentration (0.5
      mumol/g), similar to that observed in livers from euthyroid rats in the absence
      of glycerol. Availability of glycero-3-P appears to be rate-limiting for
      synthesis and secretion of triglyceride by livers from hyperthyroid animals,
      whereas the glycero-3-P concentrations in euthyroid livers were sufficient to
      support maximal production of triglyceride limited only by the supply of free
      fatty acid.

PMID- 6430893
TI  - The shunt pathway of mevalonate metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The shunt pathway of mevalonate metabolism (Edmond, J., and Popjak, G. (1974) J.
      Biol. Chem. 249, 66-71) has been studied in isolated livers from fed rats
      perfused with physiological concentrations of variously labeled [14C]mevalonates.
      The measured rates of 14CO2 production were converted to rates of mitochondrial
      acetyl-CoA production from mevalonate by methods which take into account
      underestimations of metabolic rates derived from 14CO2 production. Our data
      confirm that the shunt pathway leads to mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. The apparent
      negligible rate of mevalonate shunting in liver, previously reported by others,
      stems from the very low contribution (congruent to 0.1%) of plasma mevalonate to
      total mevalonate metabolism in the liver. This contribution was assessed from the
      relative incorporations of 3H2O and [5-14C]mevalonate into sterols. In livers
      from fed rats, the shunt diverts about 5% of the production of mevalonate. The
      total rate of mevalonate shunting in the liver is about 200 times greater than in
      two kidneys. The liver is therefore the main site of mevalonate shunting in the
      rat.

PMID- 6430894
TI  - Stereoselectivity of cytochrome P-450c in the formation of naphthalene and
      anthracene 1,2-oxides.
AB  - Absolute configurations of the arene 1,2-oxides formed from napththalene and
      anthracene by cytochrome P-450c, the predominant isozyme of cytochrome P-450
      found in the livers of rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene, were determined
      via two different approaches. The first consisted of trapping the arene oxides
      with N-acetyl-L-cysteine to form S-conjugates, methylation of the conjugates with
      diazomethane, and separation of the resulting diastereomeric esters by reversed
      phase high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis by this procedure of the
      arene oxides formed from radioactive naphthalene and anthracene by a highly
      purified and reconstituted monooxygenase system containing cytochrome P-450c
      indicated that 73 and greater than or equal to 95%, respectively, of the
      metabolically formed arene oxides consisted of the (+)-(1R,2S)-enantiomer. In the
      second approach, each hydrocarbon was incubated with a reconstituted system
      containing both cytochrome P-450c and epoxide hydrolase. Under these conditions,
      the predominant metabolites are trans-1,2-dihydrodiols formed by epoxide
      hydrolase catalyzed trans-addition of water to the arene oxide intermediates. In
      both cases, the (-)-(1R,2R)-dihydrodiols predominated; 92% for naphthalene and
      99% for anthracene. Enzyme-catalyzed addition of water to (+)- and (-)-anthracene
      1,2-oxide and (+)-napthalene 1,2-oxide occurred exclusively (greater than 99%) at
      the allylic 2-position. The (-)-(1S,2R)-naphthalene 1,2-oxide, however, is
      converted to a 40:60 mixture of the (-)-(1R,2R)- and (+)-(1S,2S)-dihydrodiols by
      benzylic and allylic attack, respectively, resulting in increased enantiomeric
      purity of the dihydrodiol relative to the oxide. Thus, qualitatively and
      quantitatively both approaches indicate that the (+)-arene (1R,2S)-oxides
      predominate. The results are discussed in terms of the steric constraints of a
      proposed model for the catalytic binding site of cytochrome P-450c.

PMID- 6430895
TI  - Divalent metal is required for both phosphate transport and phosphate binding to
      phosphorin, a proteolipid isolated from brush-border membrane vesicles.
AB  - The Na+-dependent phosphate transport system in the brush border of rabbit kidney
      exhibits a positive requirement for a divalent metal ion. Treatment of the brush
      border membrane vesicles (BBMV) with a divalent metal chelator in combination
      with the divalent metal ionophore A23187 dramatically and selectively decreased
      the Na+-dependent uptake of phosphate; Na+-independent uptake of phosphate was
      not affected. The combination of chelator plus A23187 also inhibited uptake of
      phosphate in the presence of Na+ but in the absence of a gradient for sodium
      across the BBMV. This indicates that the inhibitor is not a result of an
      alteration in the Na+ gradient by chelator plus ionophore. The inhibited Na+
      gradient-dependent transport of phosphate was restored by removing the chelator
      and adding Mn2+ to the BBMV. The phosphate-binding proteolipid (phosphorin)
      isolated from rabbit kidney BBMV binds inorganic phosphate with high affinity and
      specificity. Binding of phosphate to phosphorin is also inhibited by divalent
      metal chelators and can be restored by addition of a divalent metal. We conclude
      that a divalent metal ion is required both for the Na+-dependent phosphate
      transport in BBMV and for the binding of phosphate to the proteolipid phosphorin.
      These findings are consistent with our suggestion that phosphorin is a component
      of the Na+-dependent phosphate transport system in renal brush-border membranes.

PMID- 6430896
TI  - Mechanism of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase-catalyzed import of
      acylcarnitines into mitochondria.
AB  - Mitochondrial imports of acylcarnitine and carnitine have been measured by new
      methods based on the monitoring of deacylation of acylcarnitines and the
      acetylation of carnitine in the matrix, subsequent to their entry. These methods
      have shown higher import rates than those calculated from the uptake of
      radioactive carnitines into mitochondria as employed until presently. This new
      approach has permitted the import of long chain acylcarnitine to be followed
      unambiguously; the results have confirmed that the carnitine acylcarnitine
      translocase is indeed involved in this import which also proceeds by a mole to
      mole exchange-diffusion against internal carnitine. Depletion of matrix carnitine
      greatly decreased the substrate import rates based on their uptake assay but much
      less so when the deacylation and acylation techniques were employed to monitor
      imports. These results have revealed that there is a small pool of carnitine in
      the matrix which readily equilibrates with the medium carnitine through the
      translocase but which equilibrates with the larger matrix carnitine pool slowly.
      This finding has necessitated reinterpretation of several previous observations
      on the translocase that were based on the assumption of a single matrix carnitine
      pool and in which the translocase was assumed to constitute the rate-limiting
      step in the activity measurements.

PMID- 6430897
TI  - Interaction between hepatic microsomal membrane lipids and apolipoprotein A-I.
AB  - Incubation of apoprotein A-I (apo-A-I), the major protein component of human high
      density lipoprotein, with rat liver microsomal membranes under conditions of
      elevated pH and ionic strength leads to the production of a soluble protein:lipid
      complex (A-I/MM complex). The A-I/MM complex, as purified by density gradient
      centrifugation and agarose column chromatography, possesses a lipid composition
      similar to the hepatic microsomal membrane and a protein/lipid ratio similar to
      that of plasma high density lipoproteins, but markedly different from that of
      recombinant particles prepared with synthetic lipids. The A-I/MM complex
      constitutes a more physiological recombinant particle than can be formed using
      synthetic lipids and may be a suitable model for the newly assembled
      intracellular high density lipoproteins. Incubation of the erythrocyte plasma
      membranes with apo-A-I under the same conditions as used with microsomal
      membranes fails to generate any lipid:apoprotein complexes. This membrane
      specificity for forming soluble lipoprotein complexes suggests that the
      microsomal membranes possess a unique feature, possibly their lipid composition,
      which render them particularly suitable to serve as lipid donors to the
      apoproteins which are undergoing assembly within the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi
      organelles.

PMID- 6430898
TI  - Human and murine class I MHC antigens share conserved serine 335, the site of HLA
      phosphorylation in vivo.
AB  - The site of phosphorylation of the HLA-B7 antigen in vivo is serine 335, which is
      located in the intracellular region. Pseudomonas fragi protease was used in
      limited proteolysis experiments of HLA antigens to identify the position of the
      phosphoserine residue. The intracellular region is composed of 30 amino acids at
      the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain; up to nine serine residues are located
      in this region. Four of the serines are found at the distal end, and are encoded
      by exon 7 in both human and murine class I MHC antigens. Alignment of the protein
      and DNA sequences of the intracellular regions of human and murine class I
      antigens demonstrates conservation of the serine positions located within this
      exon. Realignment of exon 7, by introducing a gap in the murine sequences,
      increases homology across species, and reveals two conserved serines at 332 and
      335 within the conserved sequence Ser-Asp/Glu-X-Ser(P)-Leu. The preservation of
      this sequence and the site of phosphorylation suggests that this modification of
      the intracellular region of histocompatibility antigens is functionally
      significant.

PMID- 6430899
TI  - Activation of protein formation and cell division by bradykinin and des-Arg9
      bradykinin.
AB  - We employed des-Arg9-bradykinin to investigate the relation between bradykinin
      induced prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and bradykinin-induced protein accumulation.
      In this feedback control system, bradykinin-induced PG synthesis limits
      bradykinin-induced protein production. At low concentration (5 X 10(-8) M), des
      Arg9-bradykinin was significantly less active than bradykinin in stimulating the
      formation of prostaglandins by human fetal lung fibroblasts in culture. At high
      concentration (5 X 10(-6) M), bradykinin induced a 24% increase in protein
      formation, while des-Arg9-bradykinin induced a 61% increase in collagen formation
      and an 80% increase in total protein accumulation. In the presence of
      indomethacin, bradykinin-induced protein formation was increased further, whereas
      des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced protein formation was unchanged. The bradykinin
      derivative increased the production of types I and III procollagens without
      affecting the distribution of procollagen types. The incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine into DNA in lung fibroblast cultures was increased 3-fold by des
      Arg9-bradykinin alone or by bradykinin in combination with indomethacin. Des-Arg9
      [Leu8]bradykinin inhibited the des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced protein formation and
      cell division. These data indicate that both bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin
      stimulate protein formation and cell division; des-Arg9-bradykinin alone
      stimulates protein formation and cell division without activating PG synthesis
      and PG feedback control.

PMID- 6430900
TI  - AMP and IMP binding to glycogen phosphorylase b. A calorimetric and equilibrium
      dialysis study.
AB  - Reaction microcalorimetry and equilibrium dialysis have been used to study the
      binding of AMP and IMP to glycogen phosphorylase b (EC 2.4.1.1) at 25 degrees C
      and pH 6.9. The combination of both techniques has enabled us to obtain some of
      the thermodynamic parameters for these binding processes. Four binding sites were
      found to be present in the dimeric active enzyme for both AMP and IMP. The
      binding to two high-affinity sites, which, in our opinion, correspond to the
      activator sites, seems to be cooperative. The two low-affinity sites, which would
      then correspond to the inhibitor sites, appear to be independent when the
      nucleotides bind to the enzyme. The negative delta G0 of binding/site at 25
      degrees C is the result in all cases of a balance between negative enthalpy and
      entropy changes. The large differences in delta H and delta S0 for the binding of
      AMP to the activator sites (-27 and -70 kJ mol-1; -22 and -150 J X K-1 mol-1)
      suggest the existence of rather extensive conformational changes taking place in
      phosphorylase b on binding with the allosteric activator. Whereas the affinity of
      AMP for the activator sites is about 1 order of magnitude higher than that of
      IMP, the affinity of both nucleotides, including their delta H and delta S0
      values, seems to be the same for the inhibitor sites.

PMID- 6430901
TI  - Mechanisms of Ca2+ transport in plasma membrane vesicles prepared from cultured
      pituitary cells. I. Characterization of Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity.
AB  - GH3 rat anterior pituitary cells possess a Na+/Ca2+ exchange transport mechanism
      which is present in purified plasma membrane vesicles prepared from these cells.
      Imposition of an outwardly directed Na+ gradient in vesicles results in a marked
      concentrative uptake of Ca2+ which is abolished by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.
      Transport activity depends on a sustained Na+ gradient. Dissipation of the
      driving force by treatment with Na+ ionophores or by passive gradient collapse
      abolished transport activity. The exchange reaction is completely reversible
      since addition of extravesicular Na+ enhances Ca2+ efflux from Ca2+ loaded
      vesicles. A kinetic analysis of Na+/Ca2+ exchange indicates saturation kinetics
      for both substrates with apparent values of Km for Na+ and Ca2+ of 17 mM and 5
      microM, respectively, and a Vmax of about 8 nmol/min/mg of protein for Ca2+
      uptake at 25 degrees C. In addition to Na+/Ca2+ exchange, the transporter
      functions in a Ca2+/Ca2+ exchange mode with an apparent Km of 20 microM and Vmax
      of 16 nmol/min/mg of protein for Ca2+ influx. Na+/Ca2+ exchange is not inhibited
      by protonophores indicating that Ca2+ flux does not occur via coupled Na+/H+,
      Ca2+/H+ exchange. Transport is inhibited by derivatives of the pyrazine diuretic
      amiloride. The pH dependency of Ca2+ uptake displays a sigmoidal relationship
      with stimulation of activity at alkaline pH and inhibition at acid pH.
      Furthermore, the reaction is electrogenic (i.e. more than 2 Na+ transported per
      Ca2+) as demonstrated by stimulated uptake of lipophilic cations during exchange
      and by effects of artificially imposed membrane potentials on the rate of Ca2+
      transport. Plasma membrane vesicles prepared from bovine anterior pituitary
      glands also display Na+/Ca2+ exchange with many of the same characteristics.
      These results support the notion that Na+/Ca2+ exchange functions in Ca2+
      homeostasis in pituitary cells.

PMID- 6430902
TI  - The action of virginiamycin M on the acceptor, donor, and catalytic sites of
      peptidyltransferase.
AB  - Virginiamycin M inhibits both peptide bond formation and binding of aminoacyl
      tRNA to bacterial ribosomes, and induces a lasting inactivation of the 50 S
      subunit (50 S). In the present work, the effects of this antibiotic on the
      acceptor and donor sites of peptidyltransferase have been explored, in the
      presence of virginiamycin M as well as after its removal. Virginiamycin M
      inhibited the binding of puromycin to ribosomes and reduced both the enzymatic
      and nonenzymatic binding of Phe-tRNA to the A site by inducing its release from
      the ribosomes (similar effects were observed with 50 S), whereas the antibiotic
      had no effect on the binding of unacylated tRNAPhe to the same site. Moreover,
      virginiamycin M caused Ac-Phe-tRNA or Phe-tRNA to be released from the ribosomal
      P site, when complexes were incubated with unacylated tRNA, elongation factor G,
      and GTP (similar finding with 50 S). Instead, peptide bond formation between Ac
      Phe-tRNA positioned at the P site and Phe-tRNA at the A site was found to take
      place, albeit at a very low rate, in the presence of the antibiotic. The overall
      conclusion is that both the acceptor and donor substrate binding sites of the
      peptidyltransferase, which interact with the aminoacyl moiety of tRNA, are
      permanently altered upon transient contact of ribosomes with virginiamycin M.

PMID- 6430903
TI  - Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases in vitro by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide
      modified substrates.
AB  - Covalent adducts formed from the ultimate carcinogen 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9
      alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[ a]pyrene inhibit the enzyme
      catalyzed transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to cytosine
      residues in DNA. Two DNA methyltransferase enzymes, isolated from the bacterium
      Haemophilus and mouse spleen nuclei, were tested for their ability to methylate
      carcinogen-modified substrates in vitro. These model enzymes possess the known
      methylation activities found in mammalian cells, de novo, and maintenance
      methylation of CpG-containing nucleotide sequences. The in vitro alkylation of
      DNA substrates by the carcinogen effectively decreases the methyltransferase
      reaction of both enzymes in a manner that is directly dependent upon the level of
      covalent modification of the DNA. Inhibition of de novo methylation activity can
      be detected at very low levels of carcinogen modification, 1 hydrocarbon residue
      per 20,000-40,000 nucleotides. Adduct levels in this range are capable of
      initiating transformation. Both enzymes are inactivated by direct reaction with
      the carcinogen in the absence of DNA. We also find that carcinogen adducts are
      capable of inhibiting DNA methylation at CpG sites removed from the primary
      lesion. These results support the proposal that carcinogen-induced DNA damage can
      cause alterations in methylation patterns that may eventually lead to heritable
      changes in gene expression.

PMID- 6430904
TI  - Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in rat kidney. Purification and
      physiocochemical and immunological characterization.
AB  - A vitamin D-dependent Mr = 28,000 calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been
      isolated from rat kidney. Rat renal CaBP was purified from heat-treated post
      mitochondrial supernatants by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 followed by
      preparative gel electrophoresis. The specific properties and characteristics of
      the protein were examined. Rat renal CaBP was found to have a pI of 4.8 and
      showed increased electrophoretic mobility during polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of 1 mM EDTA. Amino acid analysis of renal CaBP
      revealed a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids and a low level of
      methionine, histidine, cysteine, and tyrosine, similar but not identical to chick
      intestinal CaBP. Circular dichroism studies indicated that the alpha-helical
      content of renal CaBP was of the order of 31% and was changed to a minor degree
      by the addition of calcium. A study of the thermal stability indicated that renal
      CaBP is heat-stable up to 75 degrees C. Binding studies utilizing the technique
      of equilibrium dialysis established a dissociation constant of 2.1 X 10(-6) M and
      binding sites with a capacity of approximately 4 mol Ca2+/mol of CaBP.
      Immunologically, using Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, a precipitin line which
      joined with total coalescence with that due to purified renal CaBP was observed
      with extracts of rat brain and kidney but not with extracts of rat parathyroid,
      skeletal muscle, myocardium, bone, pancreas, intestine, and liver. In summary,
      these studies present the first purification and characterization of vitamin D
      dependent rat renal calcium-binding protein. The antibody as well as the protein
      will be useful for the development of a radioimmunoassay and for the
      determination of the molecular mechanisms of induction of renal calcium-binding
      protein.

PMID- 6430905
TI  - Formation of collagen fibrils by enzymic cleavage of precursors of type I
      collagen in vitro.
AB  - Two systems were used to generate collagen fibrils in vitro by enzymic cleavage
      of intermediates in the conversion of procollagen to collagen. In one system
      fibrils were generated by using procollagen NH2-terminal proteinase to cleave
      pNcollagen, the intermediate which contains the NH2-terminal but not the COOH
      terminal propeptides found in procollagen. When pNcollagen was incubated with
      procollagen NH2-terminal proteinase, the NH2-terminal propeptides were
      enzymically cleaved from the protein, and there was an increase in the turbidity
      of the solution over and above the turbidity observed with pNcollagen alone.
      Electron microscope examination of the samples demonstrated that the increase in
      turbidity was associated with the assembly of collagen fibrils. The fibrils had a
      mean diameter of 104 nm +/- 51.7 S.D. or about the same as fibrils formed from
      pNcollagen alone. However, the fibrils formed by enzymic cleavage of pNcollagen
      had a more distinct gap-overlap pattern and they appeared to be more tightly
      packed than fibrils of pNcollagen. Varying the concentration of enzyme varied
      both the rate of enzymic cleavage of the pNcollagen and the rate of fibril
      assembly, but there was no consistent effect on the diameter or morphology of the
      fibrils. In the second system, fibrils were generated with a recently described
      procedure (Miyahara, M., Njieha, F. K., and Prockop, D. J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem.
      257, 8442-8448) in which procollagen COOH-terminal proteinase is used to cleave
      pCcollagen, the intermediate containing the COOH-terminal but not the NH2
      terminal propeptides found in procollagen. When incubated with procollagen COOH
      terminal proteinase, the COOH-terminal propeptides were cleaved and collagen
      fibrils assembled. The collagen fibrils were unusually thick with a mean diameter
      of 1184 nm +/- 291 S.D. The large diameters of the fibrils made it possible to
      demonstrate by scanning electron microscopy that each fibril was comprised of a
      bundle of subfibrils packed into a right-handed helix. The fibrils frequently had
      branch points which appeared to consist of subfibrils which separated from the
      main axis of the structure. Also, the surface of the fibrils was scalloped at 270
      to 300-nm intervals, suggesting that some of the collagen molecules on the
      surface were in a 4D staggered array. The results suggested the hypothesis that
      the order in which the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal propeptides are cleaved in
      the conversion of procollagen to collagen may provide a mechanism for controlling
      the diameter, or both the diameter and morphology, of collagen fibrils.

PMID- 6430906
TI  - Dystrophic spinal deformities in neurofibromatosis. Treatment by anterior and
      posterior fusion.
AB  - Thirteen patients with dystrophic spinal deformities from neurofibromatosis
      treated by anterior and posterior fusion have been reviewed. The shortest follow
      up was five years, the average seven years. Combined fusion produced satisfactory
      results in patients with a smooth kyphoscoliosis or with scoliosis without
      kyphosis, but it was unsatisfactory in patients with an angular kyphoscoliosis.
      Of the five patients with angular kyphoscoliosis, one had a persistent
      pseudarthrosis after operation and all had progression of the kyphosis despite
      the treatment. The morbidity rate also was high in this group of patients. Many
      of the complications were related to soft-tissue manifestations of the disease.
      It is recommended that very special attention be paid to the dystrophic angular
      deformity in neurofibromatosis; even anterior and posterior spinal fusion may
      fail to control its progression.

PMID- 6430907
TI  - The risk of haematogenous infection in total joint replacements.
AB  - One thousand patients who received 1112 total joint replacements between 1966 and
      1980 were followed up prospectively for an average of six years. These patients
      were not advised to take antibiotics prophylactically to cover subsequent dental
      or surgical procedures and, so far, only three cases of haematogenous infection
      at the site of the joint replacement have developed. Two hundred and twenty-four
      patients did subsequently undergo dental or surgical procedures and 284 patients
      developed infections in the respiratory tract, urinary tract or at multiple
      sites; none of these patients developed haematogenous infection. But of 40
      patients who suffered recurrent skin ulceration and infection, three (7.5%)
      developed haematogenous infection of the replaced joint; two of these belonged to
      a group of 134 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that
      transient bacteraemia is not likely to infect a replaced joint in otherwise
      healthy patients. But an infected skin lesion producing chronic bacteraemia, or
      septicaemia due to a virulent organism, may well do so and patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis are at greater risk than those with osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6430908
TI  - Metabolism of methylazoxymethanol acetate in the F344 rat and strain-2 guinea pig
      and its inhibition by pyrazole and disulfiram.
AB  - The basic parameters of the metabolism of methylazoxymethanol-(N,N'-methyl-14C)
      acetate, in terms of exhaled 14CO2, urinary metabolites, and inhibition by
      pyrazole and disulfiram, were examined in F344 rats and strain-2 guinea pigs.
      After a 18.7 mg/kg SC dose, 45% (6 h) and 49.5% (24 h) was exhaled as 14CO2, and
      6.6% (24 h) of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine by the rats. After
      identical treatment, 36.5% (6 h) and 39.5% (24 h) was exhaled as 14CO2 and 3.5%
      (24 h) was excreted in the urine by the guinea pigs. Urea-14C and
      methylazoxymethanol(-14C) were the major urinary metabolites. In both species,
      pretreatment with pyrazole (40 or 360 mg/kg, IP) caused a significant reduction
      of exhaled 14CO2 and an increase in the amount of urinary methylazoxymethanol(
      14C). Similar but less pronounced effects were observed after pretreatment of
      rats with disulfiram (1 g/kg, PO). These results are discussed with respect to
      possible enzyme systems involved in the metabolic activation of
      methylazoxymethanol in vivo.

PMID- 6430909
TI  - A two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis study of lyngbyatoxin A.
AB  - A strong skin irritant, lyngbyatoxin A, isolated from the marine blue-green alga
      Lyngbya majuscula is structurally related to teleocidin. Since lyngbyatoxin A
      satisfied our short-term screening tests for possible tumor promoters, viz.
      irritation of mouse ear, induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mouse
      skin, and adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), a two-stage
      carcinogenesis experiment was carried out. Tumor incidences in the groups treated
      with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) plus lyngbyatoxin A and with DMBA plus
      12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were 86.7% and 93.3% in week 30,
      respectively. The average number of tumors per mouse was 3.7 in the former group
      and 10.5 in the latter group. This paper reports for the first time the potent
      tumor-promoting activity of lyngbyatoxin A and also the histological examination
      of tumors.

PMID- 6430910
TI  - Initiation of two-way cortical traffic after fertilization in sea urchin eggs.

PMID- 6430911
TI  - Interaction of actin filaments with microtubules.

PMID- 6430912
TI  - Microfilament-organizing centers in areas of cell contact: cytoskeletal
      interactions during cell attachment and locomotion.
AB  - In this article we discuss three aspects of cell contact formation: (a) the
      molecular architecture of the cytomatrix in cell-to-substrate focal contacts, (b)
      the dynamic properties of membrane- and microfilament-associated proteins in the
      contact areas, and (c) the involvement of microtubules in the coordinated and
      directed formation of new substrate contacts during cell locomotion. We show that
      different microfilament-associated proteins exhibit distinct patterns of
      association with focal contacts: some proteins are specifically associated with
      focal contacts (vinculin and talin); alpha-actinin is enriched in the contact
      areas but also is present along the stress fibers and in the lamellipodium; actin
      and filamin are detected throughout the contact areas but in apparently reduced
      amounts compared with the associated stress fibers; and tropomyosin, myosin, and
      spectrin are either absent from the endofacial surfaces of contact areas or are
      present in only very small amounts. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery analyses
      performed with living cells microinjected with fluorescently labeled actin,
      vinculin, and alpha-actinin indicate that each of these proteins maintains a
      dynamic equilibrium between a soluble cytoplasmic pool and a membrane-bound
      fraction. Correlation of the distribution of vinculin and tubulin in motile
      fibroblasts to local movements of the leading edge of the same cells indicates
      that free-end microtubules extend into actively ruffling areas along the
      lamellipodium and that new vinculin-containing contacts are preferentially formed
      in these protruding regions.

PMID- 6430913
TI  - Actin-membrane interaction in fibroblasts: what proteins are involved in this
      association?
AB  - In this review we discuss some of the proteins for which a role in linking actin
      to the fibroblast plasma membrane has been suggested. We focus on the family of
      proteins related to erythrocyte spectrin, proteins that have generally been
      viewed as having an organization and a function in actin-membrane attachment
      similar to those of erythrocyte spectrin. Experiments in which we precipitated
      the nonerythrocyte spectrin within living fibroblasts have led us to question
      this supposed similarity of organization and function of the nonerythrocyte and
      erythrocyte spectrins. Intracellular precipitation of fibroblast spectrin does
      not affect the integrity of the major actin-containing structures, the stress
      fiber microfilament bundles. Unexpectedly, however, we found that the
      precipitation of spectrin results in a condensation and altered distribution of
      the vimentin class of intermediate filaments in most cells examined. Although
      fibroblast spectrin may have a role in the attachment of some of the cortical,
      submembranous actin, it is surprising how little the intracellular
      immunoprecipitation of the spectrin affects the cells. Several proteins have been
      found concentrated at the ends of stress fibers, where the actin filaments
      terminate at focal contacts. Two of these proteins, alpha-actinin and fimbrin,
      have properties that suggest that they are not involved in the attachment of the
      ends of the bundles to the membrane but are more probably involved in the
      organization and cross-linking of the filaments within the bundles. On the other
      hand, vinculin and talin are two proteins that interact with each other and may
      form part of a chain of attachments between the ends of the microfilament bundles
      and the focal contact membrane. Their role in this attachment, however, has not
      been established and further work is needed to examine their interaction with
      actin and to identify any other components with which they may interact,
      particularly in the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6430914
TI  - Luminal material in microtubules of frog olfactory axons: structure and
      distribution.
AB  - The substructure and distribution of luminal material in microtubules of
      olfactory axons were studied in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. By using numerous
      fixation methods, with and without osmium tetroxide, the luminal component was
      shown not to be an artifact of fixation. The material consists of globular
      elements 4-5 nm in diameter loosely arranged within the lumen in a discontinuous
      column. Counts of microtubules showing luminal material were obtained for axons
      in the proximal and distal ends of the olfactory nerve, and it was found that 16
      18% more of the microtubules in the distal regions showed the luminal component.
      This raises the possibility that the material might be translocated within the
      microtubule lumen and tends to accumulate as it moves distally toward the axon
      terminal. In contrast to those of the olfactory axons, microtubules assembled in
      vitro from frog brain tubulin did not show luminal material. When microtubules in
      olfactory axons were depolymerized in situ by cold and calcium treatment and then
      induced to reassemble, most of those that were formed de novo showed empty
      lumina. Such evidence suggests that the luminal material is not an integral
      component of the microtubule. The hypothesis is discussed that material may be
      translocated within the lumina of microtubules. Furthermore, in the case of
      neuronal microtubules, the possibility is raised that they may serve as conduits
      for their own wall subunits.

PMID- 6430915
TI  - Surface charge distribution on the endothelial cell of liver sinusoids.
AB  - The topography of the charged residues on the endothelial cell surface of liver
      sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of
      different size and charge. The tracers used were native ferritin (pl 4.2-4.7) and
      its cationized (pl 8.4) and anionized (pl 3.7) derivatives, BSA coupled to
      colloidal gold (pl of the complex 5.1), hemeundecapeptide (pl 4.85), and alcian
      blue (pl greater than 10). The tracers were either injected in vivo or perfused
      in situ through the portal vein of the mouse liver. In some experiments, two
      tracers of opposite charge were sequentially perfused with extensive washing in
      between. The liver was processed for electron microscopy and the binding pattern
      of the injected markers was recorded. The electrostatic nature of the tracer
      binding was assessed by perfusion with high ionic strength solutions, by aldehyde
      quenching of the plasma membrane basic residues, and by substituting the cell
      surface acidic moieties with positively charged groups. Results indicate that the
      endothelial cells of the liver sinusoids expose on their surface both cationic
      and anionic residues. The density distribution of these charged groups on the
      cell surface is different. While the negative charge is randomly and patchily
      scattered all over the membrane, the cationic residues seem to be accumulated in
      coated pits. The charged groups co-exist in the same coated pit and bind the
      opposite charged macromolecule. It appears that the fixed positive and negative
      charges of the coated pit glycocalyx are mainly segregated in space. The layer of
      basic residues is located at 20-30-nm distance of the membrane, while most of the
      negative charges lie close to the external leaflet of the plasmalemma.

PMID- 6430916
TI  - Incorporation of fluorescent gangliosides into human fibroblasts: mobility, fate,
      and interaction with fibronectin.
AB  - Rhodamine- and fluorescein-labeled gangliosides were used as probes to
      investigate the distribution, dynamics, and fate of plasma membrane-bound
      gangliosides on cultured human fibroblasts. When sparse cultures of fibroblasts
      were incubated with the fluorescent ganglioside derivatives, their surfaces
      became highly fluorescent. The fluorescent gangliosides were taken up by the
      cells in a time- and temperature-dependent manner and were not removed from the
      cell surface by trypsin or serum. Thus, the gangliosides appeared to be stably
      incorporated into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Fluorescent
      photobleaching recovery measurements showed that the inserted gangliosides were
      free to diffuse in the plane of the membrane with a high diffusion coefficient of
      approximately 10(-8) cm2/s. When the ganglioside-treated cells were washed and
      incubated in fresh medium, the surface gangliosides became internalized with
      time, and localized in the perinuclear region of the fibroblasts. In dense
      cultures of fibroblasts, a large fraction of the fluorescent gangliosides were
      organized in a fibrillar network and were immobile on the time scale of
      fluorescent photobleaching recovery measurements. Using antifibronectin
      antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence, these gangliosides were found to co
      distribute with fibrillar fibronectin. Thus, exogenous gangliosides appear to be
      stably inserted into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and to diffuse
      freely in its plane as well as form a less mobile state with the fibrillar
      networks of fibronectin associated with the cells.

PMID- 6430917
TI  - Adhesion site composition of murine fibroblasts cultured on gelatin-coated
      substrata.
AB  - Fibroblasts in vivo adhere to a collagenous extracellular matrix. We present here
      a combined morphological and biochemical analysis of the adhesion sites of
      fibroblast-like cells cultured in vitro on gelatin-coated plastic, for comparison
      with earlier model studies using serum (plasma-fibronectin [pFn])-coated plastic.
      Scanning electron microscopy shows that cell adhesion to the gelatin is quite
      similar to that on plastic, but with some morphological differences reminiscent
      of those caused by higher concentrations of fibronectin adsorbed to the
      substratum. Measurement using 125I-radiolabeled pFn shows the level of substratum
      bound pFn adsorbed from serum in the growth medium is, however, comparable on
      gelatin or plastic; thus, differences due to pFn must be attributed to the
      quality of the adsorbed protein; not its absolute quantity. Gel electrophoretic
      analysis of cellular adhesion sites formed on the two substrata shows their
      compositions to be qualitatively similar, suggesting again that the same
      fundamental adhesion processes are involved. However, three protein bands do
      change; notably, cellular fibronectin is increased on gelatin. These three
      proteins are also the most resistant to saline extraction, suggesting their
      intrinsic importance in the adhesion sites. The nature of the growth substratum
      thus appears to modulate a fundamentally unvarying morphology and adhesion site
      composition of the cells that adhere to it.

PMID- 6430918
TI  - 25-Hydroxycholesterol-induced elevation in 45Ca uptake: correlation with
      depressed DNA synthesis.
AB  - The mechanism whereby 25-hydroxycholesterol, an inhibitor of the synthesis of
      cholesterol, depresses DNA synthesis in cycling P815 mastocytoma cells was
      investigated. The uptake of 45Ca into P815 cells treated with 1 microgram/ml 25
      hydroxycholesterol began to rise above control levels by 6 hours after initiation
      of treatment and was increased tenfold by 15 hours. Kinetic data of calcium
      uptake indicated the presence of at least two components of calcium uptake, fast
      and slow. The fast phase of calcium exchange at the cell surface was changed
      little by treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol. The slow phase of calcium
      exchange with the intracellular compartment was markedly affected by treatment
      with the inhibitor, there being a large increase in the flux and half-time of
      uptake, and a fall in the rate constant. This resulted in a large elevation of
      the intracellular compartment size. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA began
      to decline between 9 and 12 hours posttreatment in these cultures. Uptake of
      calcium and depression of DNA synthesis were shown to be directly related to the
      dose of 25-hydroxycholesterol used. The changes in 45Ca uptake and DNA synthesis
      due to 25-hydroxycholesterol treatment were abolished by addition of exogenous
      cholesterol to the incubation medium. The results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that 25-hydroxycholesterol, by inhibiting cholesterol production,
      depresses DNA synthesis via an elevation in the uptake of calcium into the cell
      to a level incompatible with continued DNA replication.

PMID- 6430919
TI  - Endocytosis and exocytosis of protein in capillary endothelium.
AB  - The transport of proteins across continuous capillary endothelium is believed to
      be mediated by micropinocytic vesicles which shuttle molecules between the
      lumenal and abluminal plasma membrane. We have studied the ability of capillary
      endothelial cells isolated from rat epididymal fat to endocytose fluorescently
      labelled ovalbumin within micropinocytic vesicles. Net association of fluorescent
      ovalbumin with endothelial cells reaches an equilibrium after 40 minutes of
      incubation. This equilibrium is presumably due to a balance between endocytosis
      and subsequent exocytosis of this protein. Capillaries equilibrated with
      fluorescent ovalbumin exhibited rapid exocytosis of this protein when it was
      removed from the external medium. The rate of endocytosis was concentration
      dependent and obeyed the kinetics expected for adsorptive phase endocytosis. High
      concentrations of ovalbumin stimulated the ingestion of 14C-sucrose, a marker of
      fluid endocytosis, suggesting that protein can affect the movement of vesicles
      within the endothelial cytoplasm. These results imply that capillary endothelium
      isolated from rat epididymal fat exhibits the ability to endocytose and
      subsequently exocytose protein. This demonstrates that the two components of
      endothelial vesicular transport or transcytosis can be observed and studied in a
      system of isolated capillary endothelium.

PMID- 6430920
TI  - Thermal down-regulation of exportable rRNA in nuclei.
AB  - The export of rRNP particles from nuclei isolated from Tetrahymena was
      investigated after preincubating the nuclei at different temperatures under
      nonpermissive export-conditions. We observed a new phenomenon: Temperature
      elevation from the sublethal cells' growth temperature, 8 degrees C, to the
      optimal temperature, 28 degrees C, lead to a gradual down-regulation in the
      maximal proportion of rRNP particles subsequently exported from nuclei at 28
      degrees C. This thermal down-regulation is apparently not due to qualitative
      changes in the exported rRNP particles, a derangement in the gross nuclear
      organization, a degradation and/or nicking of the nuclear rRNA, a gross
      decomposition of the major nuclear proteins, a random cross-linking of nuclear
      components by disulfide bonds, or an elution of nuclear factors possibly required
      for rRNP export. Moreover, there is a corresponding thermal down-regulation in
      nuclear envelope-free nuclei. Our data indicate that nuclei possess a mechanism
      that regulates the number of potentially exportable rRNP particles at a level
      preceding the rRNP passage through the nuclear envelope.

PMID- 6430921
TI  - The role of polyamines in somatomedin-stimulated differentiation of L6 myoblasts.
AB  - The somatomedins are potent stimulators of proliferation and differentiation of
      cultured myoblasts. In studies on the mechanism(s) of these actions, we have
      measured the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme associated
      with rapid cell proliferation, and creatine kinase (CK), a biochemical marker for
      muscle differentiation, after treatment of L6 myoblast cultures with
      Multiplication Stimulating Activity (MSA), a member of the somatomedin family of
      insulinlike growth factors. ODC levels reached a peak 24 hours after MSA addition
      (before any detectable differentiation of the myoblasts) and then decreased as
      differentiation commenced and CK activity increased. Addition of alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, caused a
      dramatic decrease in differentiation. Measurement of 3H-thymidine incorporation,
      DNA content, and cell number established that the effect of DFMO on
      differentiation was not a simple consequence of its antiproliferative actions.
      Cellular levels of putrescine and spermidine (but not spermine) decreased
      substantially following addition of DFMO to the cultures. The inhibitory effects
      of DFMO were abolished upon addition of exogenous polyamines to the medium.
      However, addition of polyamines in the absence of MSA or DFMO did not mimic the
      stimulation of differentiation by MSA. We conclude that polyamines play an
      essential role in the stimulation of L6 myoblast differentiation by somatomedins,
      but they are not sufficient to effect this stimulation.

PMID- 6430922
TI  - 3-Aminobenzamide is lethal to MMS-damaged human fibroblasts primarily during S
      phase.
AB  - 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB) interferes with DNA repair and enhances lethality in
      growing MMS (methyl methane sulfonate)-treated human fibroblasts. This
      sensitivity to 3-AB disappears slowly; MMS-treated cells are sensitive to 3-AB
      for up to 36 hours (Boorstein and Pardee, 1984). Evidence is now presented that 3
      AB potentiates the effects of MMS primarily during S phase. When cells were
      synchronized at the G1/S boundary, released, and then treated with MMS, 3-AB
      caused very substantial lethality in only 4 hours, and a 12-hour treatment gave
      maximum lethality. These cells also lost sensitivity to 3-AB within 12 hours of
      growth minus 3-AB. In contrast, MMS-treated quiescent (G0) cells did not lose
      sensitivity to 3-AB nor did 3-AB cause lethality during G0. Enhanced lethality
      occurred when damaged G0-arrested cells were subsequently allowed to proceed
      through S phase in the presence of 3-AB; this 3-AB sensitivity was removed only
      during growth in the absence of 3-AB. The lethality of 3-AB to a population of
      asynchronously cycling cells treated with MMS is thus the summation of effects on
      the cells as they traverse S phase. Aphidicolin prevented lethality of 3-AB to
      cells released from G1/S and treated with MMS. It also inhibited the loss of
      sensitivity to added 3-AB later. Correlation with the inhibition of DNA synthesis
      by this drug suggests that DNA synthesis is essential for the lethality
      enhancement by 3-AB. Cells treated first with MMS and then with 3-AB accumulated
      in G2. This G2 arrest depended on S-phase events and correlated with cell
      lethality. Cells treated with a nonlethal dose of MMS at the G1/S boundary were
      delayed briefly (3 hours) in their passage through S and G2. These cells, when
      also exposed to 3-AB, were delayed 6-9 hours in S and they became arrested in G2.
      There was no G2 arrest when 3-AB was added only after these cells had reached G2.
      Treatment with 3-AB during S phase thus resulted in both enhanced lethality and
      G2 arrest. 3-AB inhibited repair of DNA single-strand damage, shown by alkaline
      elution analysis, in both S-phase and quiescent cells. Aphidicolin inhibited
      disappearance of breaks and eliminated the difference between 3-AB-treated and
      untreated cells. Lethality did not correlate well with the measured single-strand
      damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6430923
TI  - The role of protein phosphorylation at tyrosine in transformation and
      mitogenesis.
AB  - In cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses or stimulated by growth factors,
      certain polypeptides become phosphorylated at tyrosine residues. It is not known
      if these cellular polypeptides are phosphorylated directly by the tyrosine-kinase
      activities which are associated with the viral transforming proteins and with
      growth factor receptors. It is also not clear if phosphorylation of these
      polypeptides is required for viral transformation or the response to growth
      factors. We describe here some observations which bear on these questions and
      discuss possible future approaches.

PMID- 6430924
TI  - Carcinogenesis and prevention strategy of liver cancer in areas of prevalence.

PMID- 6430925
TI  - An ultrastructural study of ovarian development in the otu7 mutant of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Females homozygous for the otu7 allele produce ovarian tumours, as well as egg
      chambers that reach a relatively late stage of development. Mutant ovarian nurse
      cells contain giant polytene chromosomes. These are transcriptionally active, and
      RNA is transported to the oocyte through ring canals, although at reduced rate.
      Vitellogenic oocytes are endocytotically active. Protein (alpha yolk) spheres are
      formed, but glycogen (beta yolk) spheres were never seen in the ooplasm. Follicle
      cells migrate normally and secrete more vitelline membrane and chorion than is
      required to cover the slowly growing oocyte. Specialized follicle cells also
      secrete relatively normal dorsal appendages. The micropylar cone is secreted by
      another cluster of specialized follicle cells called border cells. These are out
      of phase with the oocyte, and the forming micropylar cone prevents the nurse
      cells from passing the remainder of their cytoplasm to the oocyte. The result is
      a morphologically abnormal chamber blocked at the p-12 stage. Sections through
      the micropylar cone of a p-12 chamber demonstrated that one of the border cells
      formed a projection containing a bundle of microtubules. Secretions of the border
      cells were deposited against this tube, which later degenerates or is withdrawn.
      Normally this results in a canal, the micropyle, through which the sperm enters
      the egg. The slowed growth of the mutant oocyte presumably results from a defect
      in the transport of fluids or charged molecules to it, and the otu+ gene is
      therefore believed to play a vital role in this process.

PMID- 6430926
TI  - Irregular heart rates in two young children.

PMID- 6430927
TI  - Urinary tract disorders in children: new approaches.

PMID- 6430928
TI  - The man who did not invent the microscope.

PMID- 6430929
TI  - Successful psoriasis treatment then sudden 'cytotoxicity'.

PMID- 6430930
TI  - Ego niches.

PMID- 6430931
TI  - Serial knee infections with enteric pathogens.

PMID- 6430932
TI  - Keratitis in an old man with brain metastases.

PMID- 6430933
TI  - Cardiac failure XIV. Treatment by modification of circulatory dynamics.

PMID- 6430934
TI  - Fainting attacks and unusual T waves.

PMID- 6430935
TI  - Retinal manifestations of vascular diseases.

PMID- 6430936
TI  - Tracking cancer trends: incidence and survival.

PMID- 6430937
TI  - [Analysis of heptaminol in pharmaceutic preparations by liquid chromatography
      following derivatization with 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4-isothiocyanate].

PMID- 6430938
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic assay for endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
      in rat tissues.

PMID- 6430939
TI  - Determination of the partitioning, stability, and metabolite formation of
      isosorbide dinitrate in human and rat blood using an improved gas-liquid
      chromatographic assay.
AB  - A simple and highly sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic method using electron
      capture detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of
      isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its mononitrate metabolites in rat and human
      plasma. This method has a limit of quantitation of about 5 ng/ml for the
      mononitrates and of 1 ng/ml for ISDN using 0.1 ml of plasma, and is thus useful
      for pharmacokinetic studies of these compounds in small animals, and in humans
      when the available volume of blood is limited. Using this method, we found the
      apparent in vitro partitioning ratio of ISDN between erythrocyte and plasma in
      rat and human blood at 37 degrees C to be 0.22 and 0.13, respectively. In spite
      of this poor affinity for red blood cells, ISDN degradation in whole blood was
      mediated primarily via this blood fraction. Loss of ISDN in blood appeared to
      proceed exclusively through its mononitrate metabolites, resulting in a 6:1
      product ratio of the 5-mononitrate to its 2-isomer. These data suggest that
      although blood degradation of ISDN and erythrocyte partitioning occur per se,
      these phenomena do not contribute significantly to the very rapid in vivo
      clearance of ISDN observed in man and in the rat.

PMID- 6430940
TI  - Monitoring of S- and R-tocainide in human plasma after heptafluorobutyrylation,
      separation on Chirasil-Val and electron-capture detection.
AB  - The conditions for the heptafluorobutyrylation of tocainide have been studied. An
      almost instantaneous reaction was obtained with 0.01% of heptafluorobutyric
      anhydride in toluene at 40 degrees C. Higher anhydride concentration caused
      degradation of the initially formed derivative, mainly by the loss of water, as
      shown by mass spectral analysis. Tocainide was isolated from plasma by extraction
      into dichloromethane at alkaline pH. Gas chromatographic separation was performed
      with a fused-silica capillary column coated with a methyl silicone gum. The
      enantiomers were separated on a glass capillary column coated with Chirasil-Val.
      Upon analysing 0.1 ml of plasma eight times the precision was 4.7% at the 10
      mumol/1 level for the S-form of tocainide.

PMID- 6430941
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of
      cefpimizole in plasma and urine.
AB  - Quantitative analytical methods have been defined for the determination of
      cefpimizole, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, in plasma and urine
      specimens. The methods employ ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography with both ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and
      tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as pairing agents for separation and ultraviolet
      detection at 254 nm. Sample preparation for plasma aliquots consisted of
      acetonitrile protein precipitation followed by phase separation; the aqueous
      phase was filtered and assayed. For urine, sample preparation consisted of
      diluting an aliquot with chromatographic eluent, filtering, and assaying. The
      methods had a linear range of 17-0.3 micrograms/ml for plasma and 800-15
      micrograms/ml for urine and had sufficient precision and accuracy to provide
      quantitative data. Stability studies in plasma and urine indicated that
      cefpimizole degraded rapidly at room temperature. Addition of EDTA to the
      physiological fluid substantially increased the stability at room temperature,
      and little or no degradation was observed in plasma or urine stored at -30
      degrees C for over 100 days. Utility of the methods was demonstrated by assaying
      plasma and urine specimens obtained from a human volunteer receiving three dose
      levels. Estimates of various pharmacokinetic parameters are presented.

PMID- 6430942
TI  - Picogram detection of eicosanoids by ultraviolet absorbance after narrow-bore
      high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison with conventional-bore column.
AB  - Mobile-phase variations were employed to achieve optimal separation by narrow
      bore reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of eleven eicosanoids.
      Separation and quantitation by ultraviolet absorbance at 190 nm using
      conventional-bore ODS columns were compared. Using the improved sensitivity
      obtained by means of the narrow-bore column, i.e. 250-pg detection limits of a
      standard solution, analysis of eicosanoids in kidney medulla was achieved.
      Parallel quantitation by radioactivity, using [1-(14)C]arachidonic acid as
      substrate, was applied.

PMID- 6430943
TI  - Simple single-step high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the
      separation of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzyme metabolites of arachidonic
      acid.

PMID- 6430944
TI  - Binding of viruses from crude plant extracts to glutaraldehyde-treated plates for
      indirect ELISA.
AB  - A method for binding viruses from crude plant sap to ELISA microtitre plates not
      precoated with antibodies is described. Plates were coated with 3
      (triethoxysilyl)-propylamine, and virus particles were covalently coupled to the
      plate surface using glutaraldehyde. Detection of trapped viruses was carried out
      by an indirect ELISA procedure using crude antisera or IgGs as detecting
      antibodies and a protein A-peroxidase conjugate. The number of virus particles
      attached to the plates depended on the ratio of virus concentration to plant
      constituents rather than on the absolute amount of virus present in the samples.
      Binding of virus to glutaraldehyde-treated plates was much better than to
      untreated plates. Possible applications of the method for studies on the
      relationship and identification of plant viruses are discussed.

PMID- 6430945
TI  - Insulin sensitivity in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics after ketoacidosis and
      after three months of insulin therapy.
AB  - Tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic insulin clamp technique), hepatic
      glucose production (3-[3H]glucose infusion) and insulin binding to erythrocyte
      receptors were studied in 14 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients after the
      disappearance of ketosis and after 3 months of insulin therapy. The control group
      consisted of 14 normal subjects. During the two insulin clamp studies, plasma
      glucose in the diabetic patients was maintained at 5.0 +/- 0.04 (SEM) mmol/liter
      and 4.9 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter, with corresponding steady state free insulin levels
      of 90 +/- 4 mU/liter, and 67 +/- 6 mU/liter (P less than 0.02) during the first
      and second study, respectively. The decline in free insulin levels was due to the
      development of insulin antibodies during insulin therapy (10 +/- 0.1% vs. 18 +/-
      2%, P less than 0.001, serum insulin-binding capacity during the first and second
      study, respectively). In the normal subjects, steady state plasma glucose and
      insulin levels were 4.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter and 89 +/- 4 mU/liter, respectively.
      The rate of glucose metabolism (M) in the diabetic patients during the first
      study (5.13 +/- 0.65 mg/kg X min) was 35% lower than that in the normal subjects
      (7.94 +/- 0.50 mg/kg X min, P less than 0.005). After 3 months of insulin
      therapy, M increased by 35% to 6.92 +/- 0.58 mg/kg X min, which was comparable to
      that in the normal subjects. To compensate for the difference in plasma free
      insulin levels, we calculated an index for insulin sensitivity by dividing M by
      the ambient insulin concentration (I). During the 3 months of insulin therapy,
      M/I rose 2-fold to 11.63 +/- 1.10 mg/kg X min per mU insulin/liter X 100, which
      was similar to that in normal subjects (9.16 +/- 0.67 mg/kg X min per mU
      insulin/liter X 100). Five diabetic patients had a partial clinical remission, as
      determined by normal fasting C-peptide levels. In these patients, insulin
      sensitivity was 35-50% greater than in those who failed to have a remission (P
      less than 0.05). Basal hepatic glucose production in the diabetic patients during
      the first study (2.78 +/- 0.14 mg/kg X min) was 56% higher than in the normal
      subjects (1.78 +/- 0.04 mg/kg X min, P less than 0.001), and remained unchanged
      during insulin therapy. During the hyperinsulinemia induced by the clamp, hepatic
      glucose production was totally suppressed in both the diabetic and control
      subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6430946
TI  - Effect of porcine follicular fluid on the postcastration secretion of
      gonadotropins in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Porcine follicular fluid (pFF) contains a nonsteroidal factor(s) that modifies
      pituitary secretion of both FSH and LH under certain physiological and
      experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to further define the activity
      of pFF on basal and pulsatile gonadotropin secretion after bilateral oophorectomy
      in monkeys. Sexually mature female rhesus monkeys underwent bilateral
      oophorectomy during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. For 10
      consecutive days, beginning on the day of surgery, monkeys were given twice daily
      sc injections of 2.5 ml normal saline (group I, control; n = 3), 2.5 ml steroid
      free pFF (group II; n = 3), or 5.0 ml steroid-free pFF (group III; n = 3). Blood
      was drawn daily for 32 days, beginning the day before castration. One day before
      and on days 6 and 20 after castration, monkeys were placed in a restraining
      chair, and blood samples were drawn every 15 min for 6 h via an indwelling venous
      catheter. All samples were radioimmunoassayed for FSH and LH. In group I, a
      significant increase in serum FSH and LH occurred on days 3 and 6 postcastration,
      respectively. A significant increase in serum FSH did not occur until day 13
      postcastration in groups II and III. Serum LH was significantly increased on days
      10 and 9 postcastration in groups II and III, respectively. The LH pulse
      frequency ranged from 60-105 min and did not change after castration in control
      or pFF-treated animals. The LH pulse increment was significantly increased on day
      6 postcastration in group I, but not until day 20 postcastration in groups II and
      III. Only minor oscillations in FSH were found until day 20 postcastration, at
      which time there was no significant difference in FSH pulse frequency or
      increment among groups. These findings demonstrate that a nonsteroidal factor(s)
      in pFF suppresses basal FSH and LH concentrations and LH pulse increment in
      monkeys after surgical castration. Further, because LH, but not FSH,
      concentrations began to increase during pFF treatments, these data suggest a
      temporal disparity in the effects of pFF on FSH and LH secretory profiles.

PMID- 6430947
TI  - Hormone levels in the reproductive system of normospermic men and patients with
      oligospermia and varicocele.
AB  - The endocrine milieu on which spermatogenesis and sperm maturation mainly depend
      was evaluated quantitatively with simultaneous measurements of FSH, LH, PRL,
      testosterone, estrone, estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin
      concentrations in spermatic venous plasma, antecubital plasma, seminal fluid, and
      wash fluid from vas deferens in 16 normospermic men and 24 oligospermic patients.
      Anesthesia and surgical stress caused a rise of only PRL and E2 (P less than
      0.001-0.01). Mean FSH, LH, and PRL levels were comparable in antecubital and
      spermatic venous plasma, and antecubital values were higher in oligospermic
      patients for FSH and LH (P less than 0.05-0.001). Mean (+/- SD) T levels were
      similar for normospermic and oligospermic men in spermatic venous plasma (473 +/-
      75 and 439 +/- 270 ng/ml), in antecubital plasma (6.5 +/- 1.3 and 6.6 +/- 1.8),
      and in seminal fluid (0.3 +/- 0.1 for both). Minute quantities of testosterone
      were detected in pooled wash fluid (0.08 ng). For E2, similar concentration
      gradients from high to low levels were found in normospermic and oligospermic men
      (spermatic venous plasma = 926 +/- 205 pg/ml and 1090 +/- 262; antecubital plasma
      = 31.0 +/- 12.0 and 28.4 +/- 1.9; seminal fluid = 14.3 +/- 2.3 and 12.0 + 2.8).
      Estrone was also high in spermatic venous and low in antecubital plasma but
      higher in seminal fluid than in antecubital plasma. Sex hormone-binding globulin
      levels were slightly though not significantly lower in spermatic venous (23 +/-
      10 nmol/liter) than in antecubital plasma (28 +/- 6), but not measurable in
      seminal fluid. These results define important aspects of the endocrine milieu
      prevailing in the male reproductive tract and demonstrate a change of the
      relative activity of androgens and estrogens from the testis to the seminal
      fluid.

PMID- 6430948
TI  - Impaired pituitary thyrotroph function in uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus:
      normalization on recovery.
AB  - Altered thyroid hormone metabolism with decreased serum T3 and increased rT3
      concentrations in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus has been well
      documented. However, data regarding TSH secretion are sparse, especially the
      influence of glycemic control. Therefore, we examined serum T4, free T4, T3, rT3,
      T3 resin uptake, and TSH as well as the TSH response to TRH administration
      [expressed as TSH increment (delta TSH) and area under the curve (theta TSH)] in
      29 newly discovered type II diabetic patients (DM) before treatment and in 12
      normal subjects. The study was repeated in the DM patients after attainment of
      euglycemia and normalization of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) following therapy
      with diet and tolazamide for 8-12 weeks. Serum T4, free T4, and T3 resin uptake
      were not significantly different in DM compared to those in normal subjects.
      Serum T3 was low and rT3 was high in DM before treatment, and both normalized on
      achieving the euglycemic state. Basal TSH in uncontrolled DM was not
      significantly different from that in normal subjects and remained unchanged
      during treatment. However, delta TSH and theta TSH were significantly reduced (P
      less than 0.01) in uncontrolled DM. Both fasting plasma glucose (FBS) and HbA1C
      levels correlated inversely with delta TSH as well as theta TSH (FBS vs. delta
      TSH, r = -0.42; FBS vs. theta TSH, r = -0.38; HbA1C vs. delta TSH, r = -0.40;
      HbA1C vs. theta TSH, r = -0.42; P less than 0.05 for all correlations). Finally,
      TSH responses returned to normal on attainment of euglycemia and normal HbA1C
      concentrations. These studies indicate that regulation of TSH secretion is
      altered in DM during the decompensated state and normalizes when euglycemia is
      achieved.

PMID- 6430949
TI  - Diminished prolactin response to thyrotropin and insulin in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Although patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have a variety of endocrine
      disturbances, it generally is believed that the PRL response to stimulation is
      not altered in this disorder. We measured basal serum PRL values and serum PRL
      values after stimulation either with TRH (200 micrograms/m2) or with insulin (4
      IU/m2) in 27 women with AN and 9 normal women. Basal values in anorexic women and
      normal women did not differ significantly, whereas all stimulation variables
      (mean PRL stimulation values, maximum PRL values, sum of increments, and area
      under the stimulation curve) were significantly lower in AN patients than in
      normal women. Furthermore, after TRH stimulation most of these variables
      correlated positively with the percentage of ideal body wt of the patients,
      indicating that the diminished PRL response was wt dependent. This diminished PRL
      response in the patients may accompany starvation and low estradiol values. Both
      conditions per se are known for their association with diminished PRL responses.
      Hence, no hypothesis which posits hypothalamic dopamine excess as the basic
      disturbance in AN seems justified. Moreover, diminished PRL responses in AN are
      not consistent with an assumption of hypothalamic dopamine depletion in this
      disorder.

PMID- 6430950
TI  - Paradoxical response of thyrotropin to L-dopa and presence of dopaminergic
      receptors in a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
AB  - We studied the dopaminergic control of TSH secretion in a patient with
      hyperthyroidism due to a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. A 34-yr-old previously
      thyroidectomized woman had mild clinical hyperthyroidism and a diffuse goiter
      without exophthalmos. She complained of headaches and had bitemporal hemianopsia.
      Serum T4 and T3 by RIA were elevated, and TSH was 112 microU/ml (normal range,
      1.1-7.2). The alpha-subunit to TSH molar ratio was 1.7 (normal, less than 1), as
      reported in other patients with tumoral TSH hypersecretion. After TRH, a marked
      increase in TSH occurred. There was no evidence of pituitary deficiency. Skull x
      rays and computerized axial tomography revealed an intrasellar tumor with
      suprasellar extension. Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy was performed, and
      a pituitary tumor was removed. The tumor was almost entirely composed of cells
      reactive with antihuman beta TSH serum by indirect immunofluorescence. A unique
      feature of this patient was the marked increase in TSH levels after L-dopa
      administration. To our knowledge, this paradoxical response has never been
      reported previously in such patients. Using [3H]domperidone as ligand,
      dopaminergic receptors were demonstrated in the membranes of the adenomatous
      thyrotroph cells. The reason for the paradoxical response of TSH to dopaminergic
      agents is not known.

PMID- 6430951
TI  - [Germicidal potency of various disinfectants (3)].

PMID- 6430952
TI  - Use of a single-tube medium, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-phenylalanine
      motility sulfate, for screening of pathogenic members of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - A single-tube, multiple-test medium for the screening of Enterobacteriaceae in
      enteric and other clinical specimens is described. This medium allows the
      detection of motility, beta-galactosidase and phenylalanine deaminase activities,
      and H(2)S and indole production.

PMID- 6430953
TI  - Rapid screening assay for toxic shock syndrome toxin production by Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - A rapid immunoblot assay (TST-blot) was developed and used to screen
      Staphylococcus aureus isolates for toxic shock syndrome toxin (TST) production.
      Growth from an 18-h stab inoculum of S. aureus on brain heart infusion agar was
      transferred directly to a nitrocellulose sheet. Nonspecific protein binding sites
      were blocked with bovine serum albumin, and the nitrocellulose sheet was
      incubated with affinity-purified antibody to TST, followed by incubation with
      horseradish peroxidase-conjugated protein A. Toxin was visualized by detection of
      the peroxidase-conjugated protein A-anti TST-TST complex with 4-chloro-1-napthol.
      The sensitivities and specificities of the TST-blot and Ouchterlony microslide
      immunodiffusion assay were compared by screening 141 S. aureus isolates for TST
      production. In both assays, 53 of 141 isolates produced detectable levels of TST,
      whereas 88 isolates produced no toxin. A 100% concordance was found between the
      two assays. The TST-blot yielded the same results in less than 24 h as those
      yielded by the 3-day immunodiffusion assay. Thus, this rapid method for detection
      of TST in multiple samples appears to be well suited for diagnostic and
      epidemiological studies. Furthermore, it would appear to be ideal for use in TST
      genetics research.

PMID- 6430954
TI  - Exoantigen test for differentiation of Exophiala jeanselmei and Wangiella
      dermatitidis isolates from other dematiaceous fungi.
AB  - Concentrated (25X) exoantigens of 105 isolates of pathogenic and saprophytic
      dematiaceous fungi and 3 isolates of Sporothrix schenckii were analyzed by the
      microimmunodiffusion method. The reagents used were nonadsorbed and adsorbed sera
      produced in New Zealand rabbits. One set of rabbits was immunized with soluble
      antigens of a 1-month-old culture of Exophiala jeanselmei (ATCC 34123), and the
      other set was immunized with soluble antigens from a culture of Wangiella
      dermatitidis (ATCC 28869). The reference antigens were 25X-concentrated
      exoantigens of the above cultures. This exoantigen test permitted the
      differentiation of E. jeanselmei and W. dermatitidis from one another as well as
      from other Exophiala species, Fonsecaea species, Phialophora species,
      Cladosporium species, Rhinocladiella species, and Sporothrix schenckii by
      presence or absence of lines of identity or of partial identity, or lines of
      nonidentity. Using adsorbed serum eliminated the problems with cross-reactivity
      seen with nonadsorbed serum. Thus, with an adsorbed serum as the reagent, it was
      possible to presumptively differentiate E. jeanselmei and W. dermatitidis from
      one another and from other dematiaceous fungi.

PMID- 6430955
TI  - Revised pyocin typing method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - In the Gillies and Govan method of pyocin typing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa a
      cross-streaking technique was used, and 105 main types and 25 subtypes were
      identified by the patterns of inhibition observed on 13 indicator strains.
      Disadvantages of the technique included the need to remove test strain growth
      before application of the indicator strains, the 48-h period needed to obtain a
      result, and the inability to reliably type mucoid P. aeruginosa. Recent studies
      have enabled us to overcome these disadvantages and significantly improve the
      speed and application of pyocin typing. Our revised technique utilizes the same
      13 indicator strains which are already used internationally. Test strains were
      rapidly applied to the surface of agar plates with a multiple inoculator. After
      incubation for 6 h and exposure to chloroform, the indicator strains were applied
      in agar overlays without prior removal of the test strain growth. After 18 h of
      incubation, the pyocin type was recognized by inhibition of particular indicator
      strains. Additionally, the activity of particulate (R and F) and nonparticulate
      (S) pyocins could be distinguished on the basis of inhibition zone size, which
      thus allowed further discrimination. The revised technique allows typing within
      24 h, increases the number of identifiable types, and can be used to type mucoid
      strains.

PMID- 6430956
TI  - Trans-isolate medium: a new medium for primary culturing and transport of
      Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - A diphasic medium, Trans-Isolate medium, was developed for the transport of
      primary cultures of cerebrospinal fluids from patients with bacterial meningitis.
      It consists of a charcoal-starch agar slant and soybean-casein digest-gelatin
      broth buffered at pH 7.2 with 0.1 M 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid buffer.
      In the laboratory, this medium supported the growth and survival of stock
      cultures of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus
      influenzae for at least 3 months. Under field conditions in Africa, cerebrospinal
      fluids from patients suspected of having bacterial meningitis were inoculated
      directly onto plates of chocolate agar medium and into bottles of Trans-Isolate
      medium. An etiological agent was isolated from 52 spinal fluids by direct
      plating. After shipment to Atlanta, Ga., 2 to 4 weeks later, the same etiological
      agents were recovered from 38 bottles of Trans-Isolate medium.

PMID- 6430957
TI  - Differentiation of the major flagellar antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the
      slide coagglutination technique.
AB  - Antisera against the two major flagellar antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      obtained by immunization of rabbits with isolated flagella and absorption of
      contaminating antisomatic antibodies. In the conventional slide agglutination
      test, the pure H antisera did not agglutinate the flagellated cells of the
      homologous strains. The addition of protein A-bearing staphylococci to H
      antiserum and homologous flagellated cells, the so-called slide coagglutination,
      results in a rapid development of flaky clumps. H coagglutination tests of
      reference strains, which formerly have been H typed by long-term tube
      agglutination and by the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique, yielded exactly
      the same subdivision of the strains in H type a and H type b as the more
      laborious and time-consuming methods. O grouping and H typing of 181 isolates
      from clinical specimens revealed a free combination of the somatic and flagellar
      antigens. 25 OH serovars were found. The simple and rapid coagglutination
      technique can promote the serovar determination of P. aeruginosa, particularly
      for the purpose of hospital infection control.

PMID- 6430958
TI  - Acute lung injury in rat caused by immunoglobulin A immune complexes.
AB  - Mouse IgG and IgA, with reactivity to dinitrophenol conjugated to carrier
      protein, have been isolated from myeloma proteins by means of a variety of
      affinity techniques. The IgA was predominantly in the dimeric form. The in vitro
      and in vivo biological activities of IgA-containing immune complexes were
      assessed in the rat. IgA-containing immune complexes were demonstrated, in a dose
      dependent manner in vitro, to activate neutrophils and to generate O.-2. In
      addition, these immune complexes showed evidence of complement activation in
      vitro, by the use of immunofixation techniques. When IgA was instilled into the
      airways of rats and antigen was injected intravenously, acute lung injury
      occurred, as reflected by increases in lung permeability and morphological
      changes consisting of blebbing of endothelial cells, intra-alveolar hemorrhage,
      and fibrin deposition. The lung changes were directly proportional to the amount
      of IgA instilled into the airways and failed to occur if intravenous injection of
      antigen was omitted. Lung injury did not occur in animals that received an
      intravenous injection of antigen in the absence of an airway injection of IgA.
      Lung injury related to IgA-containing immune complexes was complement dependent
      but neutrophil independent. In companion studies with mouse IgG-containing immune
      complexes, acute lung injury also occurred and had morphological features similar
      to those associated with IgA-induced lung injury except that, in the case of IgG
      immune complex-induced damage, neutrophils were more evident. Acute lung injury
      induced by IgG-containing immune complexes, whether of mouse or rabbit origin,
      was complement and neutrophil dependent. The similarities and differences between
      IgG- and IgA-associated acute immune complex-induced injury of rat lung were
      reinforced by the use of morphometry techniques. Studies with another monoclonal
      IgA antibody-containing antigen-binding activity to phosphorylcholine also
      demonstrated the ability of IgA antibody to cause acute lung injury in the rat.
      Neither antibody alone nor antigen (phosphorylcholine linked to bovine serum
      albumin) alone produced evidence of lung injury. These studies indicate for the
      first time that immune complexes containing IgA have lung-damaging properties and
      that the pathogenic mechanisms are different from those associated with IgG
      associated immune complex-induced acute lung injury.

PMID- 6430959
TI  - Effects of asphyxia on lung fluid balance in baby lambs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of combined hypoxia and
      hypercapnia and of severe asphyxia on lung water balance and protein transport in
      newborn lambs. We studied ten 2-4-wk-old anesthetized lambs which were
      mechanically ventilated first with air for 2-3 h, then with 10-12% oxygen in
      nitrogen for 2-4 h, and then with 10-12% oxygen and 10-12% carbon dioxide in
      nitrogen for 2-4 h. Next we stopped their breathing for 1-2 min to produce severe
      asphyxia, after which we followed their recovery in air for 2-4 h. In 5 of the 10
      lambs we intravenously injected radioactive albumin and measured its turnover
      time between plasma and lymph during the baseline period and after recovery from
      asphyxia. During alveolar hypoxia alone, mean pulmonary arterial pressure
      increased 60% and lung lymph flow increased 74%, whereas lymph protein
      concentration decreased from 3.47 +/- 0.13 to 2.83 +/- 0.15 g/dl. Cardiac output,
      left atrial pressure, and plasma protein concentration did not change. When
      carbon dioxide was added to the inspired gas mixture, pulmonary arterial pressure
      increased 22%, cardiac output increased 13%, lung lymph flow increased 33%, and
      lymph protein concentration decreased from 2.83 +/- 0.15 to 2.41 +/- 0.13 g/dl.
      Left atrial pressure and plasma protein concentration did not change. After 60-90
      s of induced asphyxia, vascular pressures and lung lymph flow rapidly returned to
      values the same as those obtained during the baseline period. The turnover time
      for radioactive albumin between plasma and lymph was the same between the
      baseline and recovery periods (185 +/- 16 vs. 179 +/- 12 min). The ratio of
      albumin to globulin in lymph relative to the same ratio in plasma did not change
      during any phase of these experiments. Five lambs killed after recovery from
      asphyxia had significantly less blood and extravascular water in their lungs than
      control lambs had. We conclude that in the newborn lamb both alveolar hypoxia and
      alveolar hypoxia with hypercapnia increase lung lymph flow by increasing
      filtration pressure in the microcirculation, but neither hypoxia with hypercapnia
      nor brief severe asphyxia alters the protein permeability of the pulmonary
      microcirculation.

PMID- 6430960
TI  - Hepatic and extrahepatic glucuronidation of bile acids in man. Characterization
      of bile acid uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase in hepatic, renal,
      and intestinal microsomes.
AB  - Microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward the bile acids
      (chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, lithocholic, and
      glycolithocholic) has been detected in human specimens of liver, kidney, and
      intestinal mucosa. The characteristics of hepatic and extrahepatic UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activities toward these bile acids were compared with
      respect to kinetic parameters and other catalytic properties. Whereas no organ
      specific differences in the affinities of individual bile acids to hepatic and
      extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases were observed, the individual bile
      acids showed reaction rates in liver that were about twice the rates estimated in
      kidney and about twice to three times the rates observed in duodenal mucosa. In
      intestinal mucosa the rate of chenodeoxycholic acid glucuronidation exhibited a
      progressive decrease from duodenum to colon, where it was 30% of the duodenal
      level. Comparison of the glucuronidation rates that were estimated with different
      bile acids in hepatic or extrahepatic tissues showed that for each organ a bile
      acid structure-activity relationship existed, with highest activity observed for
      lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids, which was about twofold higher compared
      with chenodeoxycholic or deoxycholic acids. Lowest activity was estimated for
      glycolithocholic acid. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward
      chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in biopsy specimens of liver that were obtained
      from a large group of patients with the following liver diseases: liver
      cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, granulomatous hepatitis, fatty liver hepatitis, and
      fatty liver. A significant decrease in enzyme activity was observed in patients
      with liver cirrhosis and in patients with granulomatous hepatitis compared with
      patients without liver disease.

PMID- 6430961
TI  - Proton secretion by stimulated neutrophils. Significance of hexose monophosphate
      shunt activity as source of electrons and protons for the respiratory burst.
AB  - Phagocytosis by neutrophils is accompanied by a burst in O2 consumption and
      activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS). Proton secretion equal to
      the amount of O2 consumed is an additional feature of the respiratory burst, but
      its source has not been identified, nor has the source of all electrons donated
      to O2 in the respiratory burst. We chemically quantitated total CO2 generation in
      human neutrophils and found that proton secretion elicited by phagocytosis was
      accompanied by a stoichiometric increase in CO2 generation. Addition of carbonic
      anhydrase and its inhibitors had no effect on either the quantities of CO2
      measured or the quantities of protons secreted. Therefore, the CO2 generated in
      the respiratory burst of stimulated neutrophils is hydrated to form H2CO3, which
      then dissociates, accounting for the observed proton secretion. Furthermore, the
      CO2 generated corresponds to the O2 consumed with a respiratory quotient of
      nearly 1. We conclude on the basis of this and previous studies that the HMPS
      activity is the source of both the electrons for the NADPH oxidase and of protons
      secreted in association with the respiratory burst.

PMID- 6430962
TI  - Role of lipoxygenase products in murine pulmonary granuloma formation.
AB  - Various arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites are known to regulate immune cell
      function(s) and dictate the progression of both acute and chronic inflammatory
      reactions. Using a model of Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced hypersensitivity
      granulomas, we have delineated the in vivo effects of inhibitors of
      cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) pathways on granuloma development and
      granuloma macrophage I-region-associated (Ia) antigen expression. In addition, by
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) we have profiled the metabolism of
      AA by macrophages that are isolated from granulomatous foci, and have
      biochemically characterized the in vitro specificity and activity of selected CO
      and LO inhibitors. The development of hypersensitivity-type pulmonary granulomas
      in mice was dramatically suppressed by inhibitors with anti-LO activity
      (nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), nafazatrom, and BW755c) in a dose-dependent
      manner, while indomethacin, which is primarily CO-selective, had no significant
      effect. Furthermore, NDGA and nafazatrom profoundly arrested the normal
      progression of preformed granulomatous lesions. The inhibitors of the LO pathway
      also suppressed the in vivo kinetics of Ia antigen expression by granuloma
      macrophages. In contrast, indomethacin augmented Ia-antigen expression. The major
      AA metabolites that were synthesized by the granuloma macrophages were shown to
      be leukotriene C4 and mono-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. HPLC analysis of AA
      metabolites from granuloma macrophages that were treated with the various
      inhibitors confirmed that indomethacin was most CO-selective and NDGA most LO
      selective. Nafazatrom and BW755c inhibited AA metabolism by both pathways.
      Notably, high concentrations of the compounds (5 X 10(-5) M) tended to suppress
      all products. Our results suggest that LO products may be important in the
      generation and maintenance of immune granulomatous inflammatory responses.

PMID- 6430963
TI  - A cost-effective means of improving the statistical validity of an MMPI short
      form.
AB  - Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM) scales were K-corrected using the FAM K
      scale or the standard K scale (N = 1,258 normals; 1,181 psychiatric inpatients).
      The latter increased the correlation between abbreviated and standard scales by
      amounts proportional to the degree of K-correction. Because using the entire K
      scale involves the addition of only 11 items to the FAM while it improves the
      statistical validity of 4 scales in addition to K, this was proposed as a cost
      effective means of improving the FAM.

PMID- 6430964
TI  - Storage of mixtures for total parenteral nutrition. II. Microbiological control
      of large volume TPN mixtures.
AB  - Microbiological control of TPN mixtures can be performed either by controlling
      the aseptic filling procedure using culture medium instead of intravenous
      solutions, or by an end-product sterility test. A microbiological process control
      of the filling procedure is described, and it is shown that a hospital pharmacy
      can prepare 3-litre bags without contamination. The number of 3-litre bags
      necessary in the process control is discussed, as well as the frequency with
      which a control should be performed. A possible non-destructive system for
      testing each 3-litre bag microbiologically is outlined and discussed. This system
      may be used when TPN mixtures without lipid emulsion are stored for longer
      periods.

PMID- 6430965
TI  - Particle size stability of intralipid and mixed total parenteral nutrition
      mixtures.
AB  - The determination of the particle size of Intralipid fat emulsions by the non
      perturbing method of photon correlation spectroscopy has been extended to include
      particle size determination using the Coulter counter and optical microscopy.
      Although little increase in particle size in 3-litre bags containing total
      parenteral nutrition mixtures was observed with the methods involving large
      dilutions, creaming was observed and optical microscopy showed aggregation and
      some coalescence to have taken place. The problem of re-dispersion upon dilution
      of aggregated (but not coalesced) fat emulsions makes direct optical observation
      essential in assessing the stability and safety of such fat emulsion mixtures.
      The effect of electrolytes (NaCl and CaCl2) on creaming, particle size and
      electrophoretic mobility showed both minimum stability and minimum zeta potential
      at 3 X 10(-3) mol dm-3 CaCl2 and at 2.5 X 10(-1) mol dm-3 NaCl. Thus, these
      maximum levels for electrolytes in total parenteral mixtures are indicated.

PMID- 6430966
TI  - Factors influencing the stability of ascorbic acid in total parenteral nutrition
      infusions.
AB  - Ascorbic acid stability in TPN infusions in 3-litre plastic bags was examined.
      Vitamin C was found to degrade slowly in mixtures which do not contain trace
      elements. In the presence of copper, degradation proceeds rapidly until dissolved
      oxygen is depleted. Reducing the copper concentration had only a minor influence
      on degradation rate. However, this copper-catalyzed reaction was prevented if
      cysteine was present in the TPN regimen. The amount of ascorbic acid degraded
      depended on the dissolved oxygen content of the infusion, the amount of residual
      air in the bag after filling and the permeability of the plastic to oxygen. In
      the absence of copper, 20-30 mg ascorbic acid was broken down within 24 h at
      ambient temperatures, but if copper was present, 150-200 mg was degraded within 2
      4 h. The contribution of dehydroascorbic acid to the amount of vitamin C
      delivered to the patient was negligible. It is concluded that either vitamin C
      and trace element injections containing copper should not be added to the same
      bag, or an adequate coverage of ascorbic acid must be included to allow for
      losses by oxidation before and during administration.

PMID- 6430967
TI  - Effect of electrolytes in the presence of some trace elements on the stability of
      all-in-one emulsion mixtures for total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - In a previous study we showed that the 'all-in-one' emulsion mixtures
      investigated for total parenteral nutrition are stable for 1 month when kept in
      ethylene vinyl acetate polymer (EVA) bags and refrigerated at 4 degrees C.
      Analogous experiments were performed with the addition of two different solutions
      of trace-elements: one was prepared in the pharmacy while the other was
      commercially obtained (Addamel, Kabi Vitrum). A Coulter counter TA II with a 30
      microns orifice was used for globule size measurements. Particles with diameters
      ranging from 0.6 up to 16 microns were measured. No significant changes in
      particle size were noticed during storage and the routine addition of trace
      elements to the 'all-in-one' mixtures was thus possible. These emulsions can be
      stored without stability problems for at least 8 days.

PMID- 6430968
TI  - Individualization of Factor VIII dosage.
AB  - The usefulness of a calculator programme that enables individualization of the
      dosage of Factor VIII, based on the concentration-time data measured after a test
      dose, was assessed. The programme was tested in 12 haemophiliacs who required
      multiple-dose treatment with Factor VIII. Individual kinetic parameters were
      estimated in each patient from the plasma level data following the test-dose.
      Then, each patient received the multiple dose treatment with Factor VIII
      according to the dosage regimen suggested by the calculator programme. The time
      curve of Factor VIII plasma levels at steady state was predicted by using the
      kinetic variables previously estimated. The plasma levels of Factor VIII were
      measured in all patients at steady state. As a result, good agreement between
      predicted and measured steady state concentrations was observed (r2 = 0.9797; P
      less than 0.001). The calculator programme tested in the present study appears to
      be a useful tool for individualizing the dosage regimen of Factor VIII in
      haemophiliacs.

PMID- 6430969
TI  - Blood group lewis phenotype on erythrocytes and in saliva in alcoholic
      pancreatitis and chronic liver disease.
AB  - The distributions of ABO, rhesus, and Lewis blood group antigens were studied in
      patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic pancreatitis, chronic active
      hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. There were no differences in
      frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood group antigens between the groups or in
      comparison with a control group of blood donors. Lewis phenotype Le (a- b-),
      however, was more common on erythrocytes than in saliva in patients with
      alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic pancreatitis, and severe renal disease but equally
      common in saliva and on red blood cells in patients with non-alcoholic liver
      disease. It is suggested that Lewis typing should be performed on saliva because
      blood typing may give misleading results in some patients.

PMID- 6430970
TI  - Detection of toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae: results of a trial
      organised as part of the United Kingdom National External Microbiological Quality
      Assessment Scheme.
AB  - Four strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae were sent to UK participants in the
      UK National External Microbiological Quality Assessment Scheme, who were asked to
      examine the strains for toxin production by in vitro methods. Laboratories
      achieved 162/176 (92%) and 160/175 (91%) correct results with two rapid toxin
      producers and 145/175 (82%) with a slow toxin producer. With a non-toxigenic
      strain 26/175 (15%) laboratories reported toxin production. Of the 173
      laboratories reporting on all four strains, only 120 (69%) achieved the correct
      result for all. There was no significant association between the use of various
      methods and results, with the exception that laboratories using a full set of
      positive, weak positive, and negative controls made fewer errors than those not
      using controls. A number of unsatisfactory practices were revealed by the trial,
      however, and recommendations on preparation of inoculum, media, peptones, animal
      sera, and use of controls are made.

PMID- 6430971
TI  - C reactive protein rapid assay techniques for monitoring resolution of infection
      in immunosuppressed patients.
AB  - Three rapid assay techniques (latex agglutination, laser nephelometry, and EMIT
      enzyme immunoassay) have been evaluated for serial monitoring of the serum C
      reactive protein (CRP) concentration in immunosuppressed patients with fever.
      Radial immunodiffusion assay was used as a reference method. Latex agglutination
      reliably distinguished between normal and raised serum CRP concentrations. Enzyme
      immunoassay also provided a result within minutes, showed particularly close
      correlation (r = 0.967) with the reference method, and was free from interference
      by lipaemic or icteric sera. In 27% of 55 episodes of fever studied serially in
      immunosuppressed patients, the enzyme immunoassay provided clinically useful
      information by indicating incomplete resolution of infection despite resolution
      of fever.

PMID- 6430972
TI  - Local immunoglobulin synthesis in juvenile and adult periodontitis.
AB  - Local immunoglobulin synthesis by the gingival plasma cells in 5 patients with
      juvenile periodontitis (JP) was compared to that in 5 patients with adult
      periodontitis (AP). The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used with specific
      antisera to alpha, gamma, and mu heavy chains and kappa and lambda light chains.
      The following relative distribution of plasma cells in JP/AP was found: IgA
      22.7/19.5, IgG 75.6/78.5 IgM 1.7/2.0, kappa 55.5/53.5 and lambda 44.5/46.5,
      calculated as a % of their sum, indicating that the relative distribution of the
      different immunoglobulin chains was similar in both patient groups. The ratio
      light:heavy chains was 1.78 in JP and 1.72 in AP. The ratio kappa:lambda was 1.28
      in JP and 1.17 in AP, similar to the known free kappa:free lambda chain ratio in
      normal serum (1.2). This indicates that the excessive staining for light chains
      is caused by a physiological overproduction of light chains rather than a
      pathological imbalance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6430973
TI  - Assessing the cost-effectiveness of prevention.
AB  - In an era of limited resources, cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit
      analysis (CEA/CBA) can be significant policy-making aids. Because the often
      stated belief that prevention is cost-effective has not been systematically
      examined, we surveyed about 250 CEA/CBA articles concerning prevention. We found
      that few authors have followed generally accepted methodological standards, which
      raised questions concerning the validity of their findings and conclusions. In
      addition, prevention itself is a problem in CEA/CBA because of such factors as
      the long intervals between interventions and outcomes, problems which have rarely
      been considered in the CEA/CBA prevention literature. At the same time, a number
      of high quality studies concerning prevention indicates that United States policy
      makers have not aggressively pursued significant opportunities to improve health
      through prevention, for example by immunizing the elderly and by screening for
      and treating hypertension. We recommend that analysts follow general
      methodological principles in CEA/CBA prevention studies to assure both valid and
      credible results.

PMID- 6430975
TI  - CE evaluation. An approach to a self-study.

PMID- 6430976
TI  - Evaluating a continuing nursing education program.

PMID- 6430974
TI  - Monoclonal antibody identifies a 63,000 dalton antigen found in all central
      neuronal cell bodies but in only a subset of axons in the leech.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody Lan3-8 binds to all the neuronal cell bodies in midbody,
      head, tail, and supraesophageal ganglia in the mud leech (Haemopis marmorata) and
      the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis). In contrast to the general distribution
      of the antigen in cell bodies it is only found in a subset of axons, where
      electron microscopy suggests that it may be associated with a cytoskeletal
      filament system. Immunoblotting shows that the antibody binds to a 63,000 dalton
      band that is protease-sensitive. The same 63 kilodalton (kd)-antigen is found in
      all regions of the central nervous system, in proteins isolated from connectives
      (axons alone), and from hand-dissected identified cell types. The molecular
      weight and electron microscopic localization raised the possibility that this
      antigen is the core neurofilament protein, but the antigen does not comigrate
      with 67-kd intense coomassie blue band that binds another anti-intermediate
      filament antibody. The supraesophageal ganglia are known to have a different
      developmental or origin from the other structures in the leech central nervous
      system. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining show that, like
      the 63-kd antigen, many other proteins are very similar in these developmentally
      distinct neural structures.

PMID- 6430977
TI  - A continuing education program's performance versus ideals as seen by rural
      nurses.

PMID- 6430978
TI  - The effects of continuing education on the clinical behavior of nurses.

PMID- 6430979
TI  - Living history series. Evelyn K. Tomes. Interview by Patricia S. Yoder Wise.

PMID- 6430980
TI  - Mobile learning center--a creative teaching method.

PMID- 6430981
TI  - Hypertension education: a summative evaluation of direct and indirect care
      providers' knowledge, roles, and attitudes.

PMID- 6430982
TI  - Effects of enforced behavior change on attitudes.

PMID- 6430983
TI  - Evaluation of a workshop on patient education.

PMID- 6430984
TI  - Injectable copper and tissue composition of cattle.
AB  - Copper in blood plasma and liver and tissue reactions were compared for cattle
      injected with various amounts of copper salts of glycine or edetate. In young
      Holstein calves, initial concentrations of copper in blood plasma were normal (89
      micrograms/dl). At 1 h postinjection, concentrations in plasma and the change
      were higher for the edetate group than for the glycinate group. Thereafter no
      differences of plasma copper occurred between forms of copper. Differences
      between concentrations of copper in plasma, especially for higher injections,
      occurred during the first 24 h but only occasionally thereafter. Hemolysis was
      severe during the 1st wk when 240 mg of copper edetate was administered but
      without mortality. Copper edetate caused less tissue irritation than equivalent
      copper from glycinate. Calves apparently mobilize injected copper rapidly from
      the subcutaneous site of injection, especially copper edetate, but concentrations
      in plasma are only increased temporarily. Copper is stored rapidly in the liver
      postinjection and probably serves to minimize toxic hemoconcentrations of copper.

PMID- 6430985
TI  - Effect of long-term administration of fluoride on the levels of EDTA-soluble
      protein and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in rat incisor teeth.
AB  - EDTA-soluble material, extracted from incisor teeth of rats given 50 ppm fluoride
      (NaF) in drinking water ad libitum from conception to age nine wk, contained
      significantly higher levels of protein (P less than 0.01) and gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid (P less than 0.01) than did similar material from control
      rats. Tooth fluoride levels indicated that the incisors were mildly fluorosed.
      Analysis of these data indicates that mild fluorosis of rat incisor teeth
      involves not only the characteristic disturbances of pigmentation and mineral
      structure but also some alteration of the matrix protein.

PMID- 6430986
TI  - Bond strength between dentin and restorative resins mediated by mixtures of HEMA
      and glutaraldehyde.
AB  - We investigated the bond strength between restorative resin and dentin pre
      treated with mixtures of HEMA and glutaraldehyde. It is suggested that the
      mixture acts by forming a chemical bond of HEMA molecules to a collagen
      glutaraldehyde reaction complex. Subsequently applied resin will then co
      polymerize with the collagen-linked methacrylate groups. Statistical analysis of
      the results from varying mixtures of HEMA and glutaraldehyde revealed that the
      bond strength was highly dependent on the HEMA concentration, with a maximum at
      35%, and nearly independent of the glutaraldehyde concentration when greater than
      3%. The highest mean bond strength was about 1.8 kg/mm2, and bond strength of
      this order of size may be attractive for clinical use.

PMID- 6430987
TI  - Incisional biopsy and seeding in hamster cheek pouch carcinoma.
AB  - Surgical blades were contaminated by doing incisional biopsies on DMBA-induced
      cheek pouch carcinomas in hamsters. Contaminated blades were then used to: (1)
      make cytologic smears; (2) make incisions in the mucosal surface of the lower
      lip; (3) make incisions in the ventral surface of the tongue; (4) make incisions
      in the untreated left cheek pouch; and (5) make incisions in the pre-shaved back.
      One group of animals was killed three hr post-surgery. The second group was
      killed seven wk post-surgery. Tissues were excised and processed for microscopic
      study. Malignant cells were found in many of the incision sites of animals from
      the first group. In the animals of the second group, several tumors growing from
      the transplanted tumor cells were observed in the incision sites of the lower
      lips and the tongue. None was observed in the incision sites of the left cheek
      pouch or the back. Cervical lymph node metastases were found in approximately 50%
      of the animals of the second group.

PMID- 6430988
TI  - Measuring change in nursing practice.
AB  - This report gives an account of the development of a method to measure the
      effects of changes in nursing practice for a group of patients. Staff and nurses
      on a 20-bed female geriatric ward were observed for a 3-day period before the
      'nursing process' was gradually introduced. Two years later a second 3-day period
      of observation took place. Methodology is discussed in some detail and the
      results are presented.

PMID- 6430989
TI  - The teaching nursing home: past, present, and future.

PMID- 6430990
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis and the practicing physician.

PMID- 6430991
TI  - Malignant transformation in a plexiform neurofibroma of the median nerve.
AB  - A malignant schwannoma of the median nerve occurred in a 27-year-old woman with
      multiple neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). A growth had been
      present at the left wrist since birth and was partially excised at the age of 10
      years. The patient refused an amputation and radical local excision did not
      control this highly malignant tumor.

PMID- 6430992
TI  - Restoration of mutationally suppressed characters in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - We examined three strains of Drosophila melanogaster made wingless for periods of
      up to 40 years by homozygosity for the recessive mutant, vestigial. The intent
      was to quantify the degeneration of genes for wing structure and function that
      were not expressed during these periods. No increase in abnormality of wing
      morphology or use was found in the oldest strains despite up to 1000 generations
      of winglessness. We propose that these genes have remained intact because of
      important pleiotropic effects not connected with wing formation.

PMID- 6430993
TI  - Electron microscopic localization of concanavalin A receptor sites in pollen
      surface material after fixation with glutaraldehyde-cetylpyridinium chloride.
AB  - Pollen from birch trees (Betula pendula) was fixed in glutaraldehyde containing
      0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), incubated with concanavalin A (Con A)
      ferritin, postfixed in osmium, dehydrated, and embedded in Epon. On ultrathin
      sections, ferritin particles were observed closely associated with the electron
      dense material precipitated by CPC on the surface of the pollen grains. Controls
      for CPC, which were fixed in glutaraldehyde alone, showed no electron-dense
      material on the surface. In controls for Con A, which were incubated in Con A
      ferritin in the presence of the inhibitory sugar (alpha-methyl-D
      mannopyranoside), no ferritin particles were observed. The above-described
      procedure thus allows the localization of sugar residues in highly soluble pollen
      wall glycoproteins.

PMID- 6430994
TI  - A sero-epidemiologic study of a water-borne epidemic of viral hepatitis in
      Kolhapur City, India.
AB  - Between February and March 1981 an epidemic of hepatitis occurred in Kolhapur
      City, Maharashtra State, India. Approximately 1200 cases of jaundice were
      reported; more than 300 patients were hospitalized and three died. The
      epidemiological investigations showed a distinct concentration of cases in
      municipal ward E of the city. Investigations of the ward E water supply system
      disclosed gross contamination of raw water with sewage at source. The serological
      studies revealed that the aetiological agent responsible for this epidemic was
      neither hepatitis A virus nor hepatitis B virus but was likely to have been due
      to a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus.

PMID- 6430995
TI  - The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of gamma-interferon and human
      lymphotoxin.
AB  - Highly purified preparations of rHuIFN-gamma and HLT synergistically inhibit the
      in vitro proliferation of WI38VA13 cells, a SV40 virus-transformed derivative of
      the human cell line W138. The growth of nontumorigenic WI38 cells, established
      from normal diploid embryonic lung tissue, was not inhibited under identical
      incubation conditions; rMuIFN-gamma and HLT have the same in vitro effects on the
      murine melanoma B16. Thus, the combination of rMuIFN-gamma and HLT
      synergistically inhibits the growth of B16 cells, although incubation with either
      lymphokine alone has no significant anti-proliferative effect. Flow cytometric
      analysis of the cell cycle of asynchronous cells indicates that when B16 melanoma
      cells are treated with rMuIFN-gamma and HLT in combination, more cells accumulate
      in the G0/G1 phase than when the cells are treated with rMuIFN-gamma alone. It
      appears that populations of rapidly proliferating tumor cells, which normally
      contain a large percentage in the S+G2+M phases of the cell cycle, become
      arrested in the quiescent G0/G1 phase by the combination of IFN-gamma and HLT,
      resulting in the inhibition of cell growth.

PMID- 6430996
TI  - Ontogeny of B cell markers in the human fetal liver.
AB  - Human fetal liver was examined during various stages of gestation for the
      presence of B cells by using immunoglobulin isotype markers and monoclonal B cell
      antibodies. Frozen sections were studied with the use of single and double
      staining methods. The B cell monoclonal antibodies used were BA1, which defines
      both mature and immature B cells; B1, which identifies mature B cells; and B532,
      which binds to activated mature B cells. The data indicate that both BA1 and mu+
      cells are present at 12 wk gestation, and increase in frequency with age. Delta
      and B1-bearing cells are detected only later in fetal life. Phenotypically
      identifiable T cells are present at low frequencies in the fetal liver throughout
      the time period examined (12 to 21 wk). At 12 to 13 wk gestation, the numbers of
      kappa- and lambda-chain-positive cells are two to three times greater than the
      number of mu+ cells. Based on morphology and staining with OKM1, these light
      chain-bearing cells appear to be non-lymphoid, most likely cells of macrophage
      origin that have phagocytosed maternal IgG. Our results show that the monoclonal
      antibodies reacting with subsets of B cells in adults can also be used to define
      distinct subsets of B and pre-B cells in the fetal liver.

PMID- 6430997
TI  - Cord blood plasma lipoproteins inhibit mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte
      proliferation.
AB  - Lipoproteins were isolated from adult plasma and the umbilical cord blood plasma
      of newborn infants and were compared for their capacity to inhibit mitogen
      stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake of adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells in
      vitro. Relative to the comparable adult lipoproteins, cord blood low density
      lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins inhibited mitogen stimulation at
      twofold to fourfold lower total protein concentrations. Apoproteins AI, B, and E
      were quantitated by radioimmunoassay of each of the adult and cord blood
      lipoprotein fractions. A strong correlation was observed between inhibitory
      activity and the amount of apoprotein E in the cord blood low and high density
      lipoproteins. Further evidence that lipoproteins containing apoprotein E
      accounted for the difference in suppressive activity of cord blood low and high
      density lipoproteins relative to the adult lipoproteins was obtained by selective
      removal of the apoprotein E-containing lipoproteins by using immunoaffinity
      chromatography or heparin-agarose adsorption. The results indicated that cord
      blood lipoproteins containing apoprotein E in association with apoproteins AI or
      B are capable of suppressing lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.

PMID- 6430998
TI  - Preferential induction of specific lambda-isotypic antibodies in mice.
AB  - A high proportion (greater than 40%) of lambda-anti-NP antibodies were induced
      after the administration of hapten conjugates of the relatively T-independent
      antigen NP-Ficoll. In 11 of 12 strains, lambda 1 anti-NP antibodies were the
      predominant isotype. In lambda 1-defective SJL mice, lambda 2,3 anti-NP
      antibodies were the major species after NP-Ficoll immunization. In contrast, the
      ability to elicit a high proportion of lambda-anti-NP antibodies with the T
      dependent conjugate of ovalbumin, NP-OVA, varied among mouse strains. Igh-1b
      bearing mice were high producers of lambda 1 anti-NP antibodies (greater than 70%
      of the response); DBA/2 and BALB/c mice were moderate (40 to 50%) lambda 1 anti
      NP producers, and A.TL, AKR, NZB, and C3H mice were low lambda 1 anti-NP
      producers (less than 10%) after primary NP-OVA immunization. In the latter group,
      NP-OVA preferentially elicits kappa-bearing anti-NP antibodies. The parameters
      that influence the distribution of light chain isotypes were investigated. The
      preferential induction of lambda-anti-NP antibodies with NP-Ficoll was a)
      partially influenced by Igh-linked genes, b) adjuvant independent, and c)
      maintained on prolonged immunization. In contrast, induction of a high proportion
      of kappa-anti-NP antibodies by NP-OVA is (a) strictly regulated by Igh-linked
      genes and (b) enhanced after hyperimmunization. The immunochemical, genetic, and
      cellular bases for these observations are discussed.

PMID- 6430999
TI  - Evidence for restriction of the ability of complement to lyse homologous
      erythrocytes.
AB  - This research explored the possibility that a mechanism for the inhibition of C
      exists that is capable of restricting lysis of antibody-sensitized homologous E.
      The ability of C to lyse E from six species was compared by using a passive lysis
      system that employed E coated with B. abortus LPS and bovine antibodies specific
      for B. abortus. A system was developed that permitted comparisons of the
      hemolytic efficiencies of heterologous and homologous C target cell combinations.
      C from all of the species tested lysed heterologous E effectively, but homologous
      E were poorly lysed. Furthermore, a serum factor appeared to be involved with
      restriction of lysis of homologous E:LPS:Ab by heterologous C, and the
      restriction was specific for homologous E. Human E:LPS:Ab that were washed after
      incubation with CH were resistant to subsequent lysis by heterologous C. This
      restriction did not occur at 0 degrees C or in the absence of antibodies.
      Incubation of homologous C with EH:LPS:Ab resulted in consumption of C1, C2, C3,
      and C4, but not C5. The treated CH would lyse sheep EAC1423, but it would not
      lyse sheep EA, EACI, or EAC142. Late reacting C components (C5 through C9) were
      not detectable on EH:LPS:Ab after incubation with CH, but C4 and C3 were bound to
      the cells. Rat late-reacting C components (rat C-EDTA) were capable of detecting
      C3 convertase sites on EH:LPS:Ab that had been reacted with CH. However,
      homologous late-reacting components and guinea pig late-reacting components were
      unable to detect the C3 convertase sites.

PMID- 6431000
TI  - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE binding factor. VI. The activation
      of phospholipase by glycosylation enhancing factor.
AB  - Glycosylation enhancing factor (GEF) from rat T cells is a kallikrein-like enzyme
      and enhances the assembly of N-linked oligosaccharides to IgE binding factors
      during their biosynthesis, whereas another T cell factor, i.e., glycosylation
      inhibiting factor (GIF), is a fragment of phosphorylated lipomodulin (i.e.,
      phospholipase inhibitor), which when dephosphorylated inhibits phospholipase and
      the glycosylation process. The two T cell factors compete with each other when
      they are added to normal mesenteric lymph node cells during the formation of IgE
      binding factors. The addition of GEF to T cell hybridoma 23A4 cell switches the
      cells from the formation of unglycosylated IgE binding factor to the formation of
      N-glycosylated IgE binding factor. However, GEF neither inactivated GIF nor
      inhibited the formation of GIF by the T cell hybridoma. Stimulation of the T cell
      hybridoma with either affinity-purified GEF or bradykinin resulted in the release
      of GIF from the cells. GIF released by GEF stimulation had a m.w. of
      approximately 15,000 and bound to monoclonal antibody against lipomodulin. GEF
      and bradykinin also induced normal mesenteric lymph node cells to release GIF.
      Incorporation of 14C-arachidonic acid into 23A4 cells, followed by stimulation of
      the cells with GEF, resulted in the release of 14C-arachidonate. The results
      suggest that lipomodulin, a phospholipase inhibitory protein, is present in
      lymphocytes, and indicate that GEF and bradykinin induce the activation of
      phospholipase by stimulating cells to release lipomodulin.

PMID- 6431001
TI  - Restoration of in vitro immune responses of spleen cells from mice infected with
      Trypanosoma cruzi by supernatants containing interleukin 2.
AB  - During the course of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, mice become suppressed in the
      ability to produce IL 2. Addition of supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated
      normal spleen cells or supernatants from EL 4 cells enhanced the suppressed in
      vitro response of infected spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. This enhancement
      was demonstrable at various times after infection and was shown not to be the
      result of Con A stimulation alone. Spleen cells from infected mice respond to IL
      2-rich supernatants in Mishell-Dutton cultures in a dose-dependent fashion.
      Absorption of IL 2 activity from EL-4 supernatants by CTLL-2 cells results in a
      decrease in the enhancing effect of the supernatants on the in vitro antibody
      responses of infected spleen cells. Also, the reversal of suppression occurs only
      if IL 2-rich supernatants are added within 24 hr of the initiation of cultures.
      These results indicate that defective IL 2 production may play a role in the
      inability of mice infected with T. cruzi to respond appropriately to neoantigens.

PMID- 6431002
TI  - Defective vaccine-induced immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in P strain mice. II.
      Analysis of cellular responses.
AB  - Cellular immune responses against larval and adult schistosome antigens were
      studied in attenuated cercariae-vaccinated P and C57BL/6 mice to define
      differences correlating with the inability of P mice to develop vaccine-induced
      resistance to challenge Schistosoma mansoni infection. Vaccinated P mice failed
      to demonstrate delayed hypersensitivity upon skin-testing with soluble worm
      antigens, whereas mice of the highly resistant strain C57BL/6 developed a
      significant 24-hr response to worm antigens in vivo. Also, when schistosome
      antigens were injected i.p., vaccinated P mice failed to exhibit an activated
      macrophage response in vivo, whereas vaccinated C57BL/6 mice developed
      macrophages with significant larvicidal and tumoricidal activity at the site of
      specific antigen challenge. Immune sera from either vaccinated C57BL/6 or P mice
      were equally effective at opsonizing the schistosomula targets in the larvicidal
      assay. In vitro analyses of cellular defects revealed that although T lymphocytes
      from vaccinated P mice showed blastogenic responses to schistosome antigens that
      were similar in magnitude and kinetics to those of cells from the C57BL/6
      animals, T cells from C57BL/6 mice produced higher levels of macrophage
      activating lymphokines (LK), including gamma-interferon. Macrophages from control
      C57BL/6 mice were also more responsive to activation by LK than macrophages from
      P mice were, as assessed by stimulation of these cells to kill skin-stage
      schistosomula in vitro. These two aspects of cellular dysfunction in P mice had
      the combined effect of rendering P macrophages incapable of activation by LK from
      mice of their own strain, whereas macrophages from C57BL/6 mice were strongly
      activated by LK from vaccinated C57BL/6 mice in the same assays. Thus, a
      correlation exists between T lymphocyte/macrophage dysfunction and lack of
      resistance to challenge infection in vaccinated P mice, which suggests that
      delayed hypersensitivity response plays a major role in the immunity to S.
      mansoni infection that is induced by exposure to radiation-attenuated cercariae.

PMID- 6431003
TI  - Induction of crisis forms in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by
      gamma-interferon-activated, monocyte-derived macrophages.
AB  - Previous investigations on the mechanism by which the host mounts an immune
      response against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have not
      resolved whether cell-mediated responses, in the absence of circulating anti
      Plasmodial antibodies, can effect the destruction of the intraerythrocytic
      parasite. We report that the intraerythrocytic parasite P. falciparum is lethally
      susceptible to the imposition of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent
      factor(s) released by interferon-gamma-activated, monocyte-derived human
      macrophages. In addition, trophozoite-schizont stage intraerythrocytic parasites
      were killed on exposure to small amounts of H2O2 generated in cell-free enzyme
      assays. Although parasiticidal activity was markedly enhanced by the addition of
      lactoperoxidase and KI, killing was abrogated by the addition of catalase. The
      ability of freshly isolated human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM),
      and lymphokine-activated MDM to kill or inhibit the growth and multiplication of
      the malaria parasites was assessed. Parasites were killed when exposed to
      monocytes or lymphokine-activated MDM, but not when exposed to nonactivated
      macrophages. The capacity to activate MDM for microbicidal activity was abrogated
      on neutralization of crude lymphokines or recombinant interferon-gamma with a
      monoclonal antibody prepared against interferon-gamma. The intraerythrocytic
      parasites surviving the cytotoxicity assay were inhibited in their development
      and appeared to be degenerating, a characteristic of "crisis" forms. Killing of
      P. falciparum correlated positively with the magnitude of the oxidative response,
      as evidenced by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan in the
      mononuclear phagocytes, and by the detection of secreted H2O2. Of particular
      interest was the observation that only the later developing stage of the
      intracellular parasite triggered the respiratory burst in the absence of
      antibody. A role for oxygen-independent parasiticidal factors was suggested by
      the finding that lymphokine-activated macrophages from a patient with chronic
      granulomatous disease were able to partially inhibit the growth of P. falciparum,
      although oxidative metabolism in these cells was impaired.

PMID- 6431004
TI  - Intracellular processing of membrane and secreted immunoglobulin delta-chains.
AB  - Membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin delta-chains are synthesized by the
      mouse hybridoma B1-8 delta.1 as two primary translation products (45,000 and
      42,000, respectively) and are converted into three N-glycosylated forms. In
      addition to N-glycosylation, another modification, reflected in a size increase
      of 2000 to 3000, occurs within 8 min of synthesis and may be O-glycosylation.
      After these initial modifications, the N-linked carbohydrates of all three forms
      are partially trimmed, apparently in the endoplasmic reticulum. The secreted
      delta-chains acquire galactose and sialic acids less than 10 min before they are
      secreted. Monensin and CCCP, which are potent inhibitors of IgD secretion,
      inhibit the terminal glycosylation but not the other modifications of delta
      chains. CCCP blocks the intracellular transport of IgD at an earlier stage of
      trimming than monensin. Within 10 min of the removal of CCCP, some of the
      accumulated IgD is terminally glycosylated and secreted. Membrane IgD is
      processed similarly to secreted IgD up to the stage blocked by CCCP. These
      observations suggest that final trimming and terminal glycosylation of IgD occurs
      in the Golgi complex, and that the other modifications occur in pre-Golgi
      compartments, where secreted IgD spends most of its transit time. We suggest that
      the rate-limiting step in the intracellular transport of both types of IgD is the
      passage from the ER to the Golgi complex.

PMID- 6431005
TI  - An antigen characteristic of hairy cell leukemia cells is expressed on certain
      activated B cells.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody, anti-HC2, which reacts with hairy cell leukemia
      cells, was used to define the normal cell equivalent for the leukemic hairy cell.
      This antibody stained the membranes of 2.24% of normal peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. These cells were more common in T cell-depleted cell populations,
      and bore membrane immunoglobulin. Some B lymphoblastoid cell lines were also anti
      HC2-positive. Examination of normal B cell subpopulations revealed that HC2
      positive cells frequently co-express an activation antigen and membrane IgG. Cell
      populations enriched for HC2-positive cells contained the bulk of PWM-responsive
      B cells. These data suggest that HC2-bearing B cells are activated B cells. B
      cell differentiation induced in vitro by PWM with T cell helper factors resulted
      in an increase in the number of HC2-positive cells at day 4 or 5 of culture. The
      HC2-positive cells were no longer present at the time of maximal plasma cell
      differentiation on day 7 of culture. By using B cells from a patient with the
      hyper-IgM syndrome that are incapable of immunoglobulin heavy chain class
      switching, it was demonstrated that HC2 expression did not require prior heavy
      chain switch. The m.w. of the HC2 antigen was 52 to 63 KD. Four bands with
      different isoelectric points were discerned on two-dimensional analysis. We
      suggest that hairy cell leukemia represents a malignancy of activated B cells. A
      unique stage of B cell differentiation is identified by the HC2 activation
      antigen.

PMID- 6431006
TI  - Heterologous enzyme immunoassay for puromycin aminonucleoside using beta-D
      galactosidase as a label.
AB  - A heterologous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed to quantify puromycin
      aminonucleoside (PA). This double antibody assay was based on the use of anti
      puromycin (PU) antibody and used beta-D-galactosidase-labeled PA conjugate
      prepared via N-(m-maleimidobenzoyloxy)succinimide. The standard curve of the
      assay ranged from 1 ng to 30 ng, and the lower limit of detection was 22.7 nM (1
      ng/tube). The EIA was found to be approximately 20 times more sensitive than the
      homologous EIA for PA with anti-PA antibody and PA-beta-D-galactosidase
      conjugate. The heterologous EIA was free from interference by any purine or
      pyrimidine analogs and drug levels were easily determined in rat tissue following
      i.v. administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg. The sensitivity and specificity of the
      EIA should provide a valuable new tool for use in pharmacokinetic and toxicity
      studies of PA.

PMID- 6431007
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of specific binding of soluble Ia by I-region restricted
      alloactivated T cells.
AB  - An antigen binding assay has been developed for quantitation by flow cytometry of
      vesicular and soluble Ia binding by alloactivated T cells. Binding of stimulator
      membrane vesicles was detected by anti-Ly-6.2 or anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies
      coupled to fluorescent latex beads. Vesicle binding by an I-Ak specific A.TH anti
      A.TL T cell line occurred via I-Ak molecules, in that (a) vesicles expressing I
      Ak molecules bound much more effectively than vesicles of H-2b,q strains, and (b)
      inhibition of H-2k vesicle binding occurred with anti-I-Ak, but not anti-Kk, anti
      Ek, or anti-Dk antibodies. T cell receptor/Ia interactions were directly studied
      by inhibition of H-2k vesicle binding by T cells with partially purified Ia
      glycoproteins. Inhibition of binding occurred via Ia molecules since (a) affinity
      column partially purified allogeneic I-Ak molecules inhibited binding much more
      effectively than syngeneic I-As molecules and (b) depletion of I-Ak but not Ek
      molecules in Iak containing glycoprotein fractions abrogated the inhibitory
      effect. The ability of this method to detect specific binding of soluble Ia with
      antigen activated T cells makes it a useful tool for studying interaction of
      membrane free major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products with native T cell
      receptor.

PMID- 6431008
TI  - Evaluation of the proliferative response of lymphocytes by measurement of
      intracellular ATP.
AB  - The measurement of intracellular ATP levels by luciferin-luciferase-induced
      bioluminescence was used for the evaluation of proliferative responses of human
      mononuclear cells to lectins. A linear relationship was observed between the
      number of cells and the amount of ATP in the samples, and high reproducibility
      was obtained. The ATP content of samples containing lectin-stimulated mononuclear
      cells increased with time, and a significant difference from unstimulated cells
      was obtained 48 h after initiation of the culture. Furthermore pretreatment with
      mitomycin C strikingly increased the ATP level of lectin-stimulated cells, but
      not that of unstimulated cells was obtained. These findings suggest that the
      proliferative response of mononuclear cells can be measured simply without the
      use of isotopes, and that earlier events occurring in stimulated cells may be
      analyzed by this simple method.

PMID- 6431009
TI  - Establishment of human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody producing cell lines.
AB  - We developed a useful method for the establishment of stable cell lines producing
      human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody by in vitro Epstein-Barr virus infection. The
      practical limitation for the cloning was overcome by 2 procedures. One was a
      microculture system using a small number of the culture. Another was enrichment
      of anti-DNA producing cells at an early stage and prior to the cloning. The
      combination of these procedures allowed ready derivation of the cell lines
      secreting monoclonal anti-DNA antibody. Sixteen cell lines were cloned by
      utilizing colony formation methods in soft agarose. About 14-32 micrograms per ml
      of IgM with specific antibody activity were obtained in the supernatant of the
      cells. The antibody reacted with double-stranded and/or single-stranded DNA.
      These cells have been continuously producing the specific antibody for more than
      3 years. We may extend this procedure for obtaining other autoantibodies, such as
      anti-T cell antibodies.

PMID- 6431010
TI  - Flow cytometric assay for combined measurement of phagocytosis and intracellular
      killing of Candida albicans.
AB  - A rapid quantitative flow cytometric (FCM) assay for the combined kinetic
      measurement of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled Candida albicans is described. The fraction of
      phagocytosing leukocytes and the numbers of attached or internalized Candida
      albicans per phagocytosing leukocyte were quantified by FCM, using trypan blue
      and a fluorescence quenching technique. Results obtained by microscopy agreed
      with the FCM estimates of phagocytosis. Dead, but not live, Candida albicans
      stained by propidium iodide (PI). Thus, both viable and intracellularly killed
      fungi could be discriminated and measured by FCM. Phagocyte killing determined by
      the FCM assay correlated with killing measured by a standard microbiological test
      and by methylene blue staining. The method allows rapid and accurate testing of
      opsonic and phagocytic functions under both experimental and clinical conditions.

PMID- 6431011
TI  - Serum zinc in malnourished children.

PMID- 6431012
TI  - The critical role of CO2 in the morphogenesis of Coccidioides immitis in cell
      free subcutaneous chambers.
AB  - In order to ascertain the factors controlling conversion of Coccidioides immitis
      arthroconidia to endosporulating spherules, studies were conducted with the use
      of subcutaneously implanted dialysis chambers in mice. The dialysate had the
      following characteristics: pH approximately 7.36; CO2 partial pressure,
      approximately 50 mm Hg; O2 partial pressure, approximately 140 mm Hg; protein
      content, approximately 20 mg/ml; and no cells. When chambers were inoculated with
      arthroconidia, endosporulating spherules developed. Introduction of syngeneic
      phagocytes had no effect. When dialysate or autologous serum was studied in vitro
      in room air, arthroconidia converted to mycelia unless CO2 supplementation (CO2
      partial pressure, 20-80 mm Hg) was provided, in which case endosporulating
      spherules developed. The effect of CO2 could not be reproduced with either NaHCO3
      or other buffers. These studies indicate that CO2 at a partial pressure found in
      normal host tissues is essential for formation of endosporulating spherules and
      that host phagocytes are not needed for such conversion in tissue fluids, either
      in vivo or in vitro.

PMID- 6431013
TI  - Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with use of monoclonal
      antibodies to gonococcal outer membrane protein I.
AB  - Identification of strain-specific markers on Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are
      capable of differentiating gonococci into a large number of distinct classes
      could facilitate analysis of patterns of gonorrhea transmission and application
      of gonorrhea control measures. A panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies to gonococcal
      outer membrane protein IA (PrIA) and IB (PrIB) was used to classify 1,433 strains
      serologically in a worldwide survey. Eighteen PrIA and 28 PrIB serovars were
      identified, and a nomenclature is proposed. Gonococcal strains were classified
      further by auxotyping. Auxotyping and serotyping served to classify the 1,433
      isolates into 107 unique auxotype/serovar classes. Dual classification by
      auxotype and serovar can be used to identify epidemiologically related gonococcal
      infections in order to test the effectiveness of innovative, focused measures to
      control gonorrhea.

PMID- 6431014
TI  - A bacterial respiratory burst: stimulation of the metabolism of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae by human serum.
AB  - Exposure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human serum causes an immediate increase in
      metabolism, including a fourfold increase in O2 consumption and [14C]adenine
      uptake and a threefold increase in glucose consumption. These effects were
      detected at a serum concentration of 1.0% and were maximal at 20%. Serum
      stimulated gonococcal metabolism was inhibited by KCN but was not affected by
      heating or boiling of serum. Dialysis of serum with membrane tubing having a
      molecular weight exclusion of 3,500 eliminated stimulation of O2 consumption and
      reduced incorporation of [14C]adenine. Addition of lactate, pyruvate, or cysteine
      to dialyzed serum had no effect on bacterial metabolism. One in vitro
      ramification of this observation was demonstrated when gonococci, serum, and
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were incubated in an O2 monitor. Under these
      conditions O2 consumption by bacteria stimulated by serum confounded
      interpretation of results and would be expected to reduce the O2 concentration in
      the suspension available for microbicidal metabolism by PMNs.

PMID- 6431015
TI  - Immune response of infants and children to disseminated infections with Neisseria
      meningitidis.
AB  - Acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 34 children and 10 young adults were
      studied to determine if, at what age, and to which antigens of Neisseria
      meningitidis they respond during disseminated disease. Seven children older than
      two years of age who were infected with group C or Y strains developed
      significant increases in both binding and bactericidal antibody. Children
      infected with group B strains infrequently (eight [31%] of 26) had measurable
      increases in serum antibody to this capsular polysaccharide; response was meager
      when it did occur, was unrelated to age, and was considerably poorer than that of
      young adults, of whom 80% responded. Convalescent-phase sera from all children
      contained bactericidal antibody. Binding capacity for group B polysaccharide
      accounted for only 35% of the bactericidal activity in convalescent-phase sera of
      children infected with group B strains. Bactericidal antibody in the sera of
      children who did not respond to capsular polysaccharides was often to a
      lipooligosaccharide antigen.

PMID- 6431016
TI  - [Clinical application of a right ventricular pressure-volume loop determined by
      gated blood-pool imaging and simultaneously measured right ventricular pressure].
AB  - The data obtained by ECG-gated radionuclide angiography were collected
      simultaneously with right ventricular pressure and thermal cardiac output (CO)
      obtained by a Swan-Ganz catheter in Scintipac 1200 ( Shimazu Co) in order to
      create a right ventricular pressure-volume (RV P-V) loop. Subjects consisted of
      15 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI group), seven with angina pectoris
      (AP group), six with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM group) and five with
      neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA group). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (
      RVEDV ) was calculated as RVEDV = CO/(EF X HR) (CO = cardiac output; HR = heart
      rate). Systolic work (Ws), diastolic work (WD) and net work (WN) were calculated
      from a RV P-V loop by Simpson's method. The measurements were performed before
      and 5 min after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin (NG) (0.3 mg). The
      results were as follows: RV P-V loops shifted towards the left lower part of the
      P-V plane after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin, indicating the
      reduction of pressure and volume of the right ventricle. Right ventricular
      ejection fraction (RVEF) in the MI, AP and CCM groups showed smaller values than
      that of the NCA group. The CCM group presented a significantly smaller value than
      the NCA group (p less than 0.005). RVEF of each group increased after NG. In the
      AP and CCM groups, it increased significantly (p less than 0.005). Right
      ventricular end-diastolic volume index ( RVEDVI ) showed a converse relation with
      RVEF. The MI and CCM groups demonstrated significantly higher values (p less than
      0.05). After NG, RVEDVI of each group decreased significantly (p less than 0.001
      in the MI and NCA groups, and p less than 0.005 in the AP and CCM groups).
      Cardiac index in all groups decreased after NG and a statistical significance was
      seen in the MI, AP and NCA groups (p less than 0.05). RV Ws, RV WD and RV WN
      showed no difference among each group in the control state, and significantly
      decreased after NG. This was due to the reduction of RV pressure and volume. It
      was indicated that the principal cause was the systemic volume reduction. We
      conclude that the present method using RV P-V loop might be useful as a
      noninvasive bedside monitoring and permits the evaluation of RV function in a
      clinical setting.

PMID- 6431017
TI  - Effect of lithium on diffusion chamber granulopoiesis.
AB  - We studied the effect of lithium on diffusion chamber (DC) granulopoiesis. When
      DC loaded with bone marrow cells were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of
      mice previously injected with lithium carbonate, more proliferative and
      nonproliferative granulocytes were produced as compared to DC implanted into
      control hosts. The number of DC CFU-c was increased significantly in the lithium
      treated group, but there was no difference in the number of DC CFU-s. Levels of
      DC fluid CSF showed no evident correlation with DC myelopoiesis. These data
      suggest that a humoral factor other than CSF mediates the action of lithium in DC
      granulopoiesis, and that lithium's influence on DC hematopoietic stem cell
      proliferation occurs mainly at the CFU-c level.

PMID- 6431018
TI  - Inhibition of anticellular activity of mouse gamma interferon by an inhibitor of
      interferon action.
AB  - An inhibitor of interferon's (IFN) antiviral action was evaluated for its ability
      to block interferon's anticellular action. Crude and partially purified mouse
      immune interferon (MuIFN-gamma) preparations with high and low levels of an
      inhibitor of IFN's antiviral action were prepared. These preparations were
      examined for their relative antiviral and direct anticellular activities. The
      inhibitor present in the IFN-gamma preparations was found to be an equally potent
      inhibitor of both the antiviral and the direct anticellular activities of IFN
      gamma. Further, while the inhibitor of IFN-gamma was inherently present in most
      IFN-gamma preparations, it was not an inherent feature of all IFN-gamma
      molecules. Inhibitor-free IFN-gamma could be separated from inhibitor-containing
      IFN-gamma by column chromatography. The results suggest that the inhibitor
      generally antagonizes interferon action and should be taken into account when
      evaluating the biological properties of IFN-gamma preparations.

PMID- 6431019
TI  - Prevention of suppressed interferon gamma production in thermally injured mice by
      administration of a novel organogermanium compound, Ge-132.
AB  - As reported previously, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production was selectively
      decreased in thermally injured mice (TI-Mice) and spleen cell cultures from the
      mice following stimulation with various IFN inducers. The decrease in IFN
      production was associated with splenic suppressor macrophages. The present study
      demonstrated that TI-Mice treated with Ge-132 (TGe-Mice) produced IFN following
      stimulation with IFN-gamma inducers. The level of IFN activity detected in the
      sera of TGe-Mice approximated that of controls. Similar results were obtained
      when spleen cells prepared from TGe-Mice were stimulated with IFN-gamma inducers
      in vitro. While transfer of spleen cells from TI-Mice resulted in the suppression
      of IFN production in normal mice (N-Mice) stimulated with IFN-gamma inducers, the
      transfer of spleen cells derived from TGe-Mice did not induce suppression of IFN
      production in N-Mice. Mononuclear cells (MNC) prepared from N-Mice produced IFN
      following concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation when they were co-cultured with
      macrophage-enriched populations (PAC) obtained from the spleens of TGe-Mice. In
      contrast, MNC stimulated with Con A did not produce IFN activity when they were
      co-cultured with PAC of TI-Mice. These results suggest that the generation of
      suppressor macrophages in TI-Mice may be altered by the administration of Ge-132.

PMID- 6431020
TI  - Correlation of interferon gamma inducing ability to sugar binding specificities
      of various lectins.
AB  - Various lectins were examined to determine possible induction of gamma interferon
      (IFN-gamma) in human leukocytes. Among the seven positive lectins (Concanavalin
      A, pea lectin, lentil lectin, rice bran agglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, wheat germ
      agglutinin, phytohemagglutinin-P), six except rice bran agglutinin belonged to
      those which recognize carbohydrate chains connected to polypeptide through a
      glycosylamine linkage between N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and asparagine
      residues. The specificity of carbohydrate chain recognition of rice bran
      agglutinin, residual one positive lectin, has not been reported. Induction of IFN
      gamma by wheat germ agglutinin, one of the positive lectins, was inhibited by the
      addition of GlcNAc during the induction, but not by the addition of glucose,
      galactose, alpha-methylmannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, and
      lactose.

PMID- 6431021
TI  - Requirement for IFN gamma in potentiation of interferon's antiviral and
      anticellular activities: identity of mouse and human systems.
AB  - Potentiation was originally demonstrated as a nonadditive, synergistic
      enhancement of interferon (IFN) activity in the mouse system for mixed
      preparations containing MuIFN-alpha/beta and MuIFN-gamma. Potentiation of the
      antiviral and anticellular activities has now been studied for mouse and human
      systems, and in both systems IFN-alpha and IFN-beta interacted synergistically
      with IFN-gamma, but not with each other. Further, the antiviral and anticellular
      activities of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta were potentiated equally by IFN-gamma.
      Potentiation was demonstrated for HuIFNs with specific activities of 10(7) U/mg
      of protein and higher. Naturally produced and recombinant HuIFN-alpha s had the
      same relative abilities to be potentiated by HuIFN-gamma. It was concluded that
      IFN-gamma with either IFN-alpha or IFN-beta was essential for potentiation, that
      potentiation of anticellular and antiviral actions occurred in similar manners,
      and that a close correlation existed between potentiation in mouse and human
      systems. These results suggest that potentiation was caused by the interaction of
      two dissimilar IFN types (immune versus virus-type) and that potentiation studies
      in the mouse may be directly relevant for humans.

PMID- 6431022
TI  - Circulating interferon in rabbits after simultaneous intramuscular administration
      of human alpha and gamma interferons.

PMID- 6431023
TI  - Analysis by monoclonal antibodies of H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses in Japan
      and South East Asia during 1980-1982.

PMID- 6431024
TI  - [Bacteremia in the compromised host].

PMID- 6431025
TI  - [Bactericidal effect of disinfectants against Legionella pneumophila and
      Legionella bozemanii].

PMID- 6431026
TI  - [Isolation of Propionibacterium acnes and Enterobacter cloacae from a case of
      infective endocarditis].

PMID- 6431027
TI  - [Serotype, biotype and antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae
      isolated from clinical materials].

PMID- 6431028
TI  - [Bacteriological study on specimens from Department of Emergency and Critical
      Care Medicine (DECCM), Nippon Medical School. IV. Pseudomonas aeruginosa as
      viewed from the standpoint of opportunistic infection].

PMID- 6431029
TI  - [Types of organisms isolated from blood cultures].

PMID- 6431030
TI  - [An easy method for measurement of mumps neutralizing antibody and its
      application to epidemiology].

PMID- 6431031
TI  - [Influenza B outbreak in pediatrics and HA antigen analysis by monoclonal
      antibody].

PMID- 6431032
TI  - [Chemotherapy of leptospirosis--effects of tobramycin, dibekacin and amikacin on
      the Leptospira].

PMID- 6431033
TI  - [Prevalence of ectoparasites, endoparasites, bacteria and anti-Hantaan virus
      antibodies in wild rats captured in harbor area of Shimizu, Japan].

PMID- 6431034
TI  - [Polymicrobial infection in terminal pneumonia in the aged].

PMID- 6431035
TI  - In vitro investigation regarding the antibacterial effects of immunoglobulin
      alone and in combination with antibiotics.

PMID- 6431036
TI  - [A newly established melanoma cell line (GAK) with 5-S-cysteinyldopa phenotype].
AB  - The production of 5-S-cysteinyldopa by a newly established melanoma cell line GAK
      is reported. The cell line was derived from a metastatic inguinal lymph node of
      vulvar malignant melanoma. The cell line grew well without interruption for over
      4 years, GAK cells were proved to have melanin granules and tyrosinase activity
      in their cytoplasma by Masson's staining and dopa reaction, respectively. Melanin
      granules were ultrastructually identified as melanosomes in various maturing
      stages. The chromosomal number varied widely and showed aneuploidly, but the
      modal chromosomal number was stable in the hypotriploid range. GAK cells were
      transplanted to nude mice and produced tumors resembling the original. Because
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of GAK revealed a type B (slow) mobility
      pattern on electrophoresis, the possibility of Hela cell contamination could be
      completely excluded. High performance liquid chromatography revealed "5-S
      cysteinyldopa", a new tumor marker of malignant melanoma, in culture media of GAK
      cells. The cell line described may serve as a representative model system for
      basic and clinical studies on malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6431037
TI  - [Induction of ovulation with pulsatile LHRH in anovulatory women].
AB  - Nine anovulatory patients were treated by administering pulsatile LHRH (2-20
      micrograms, i.v. at 90 min intervals) for 15-58 days. These patients consisted of
      4 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, one women with oligomenorrhea, 2 women with
      polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and 2 women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
      Four of them were involuntarily infertile. The pulsatile LHRH therapy induced
      follicular maturation and ovulation, as evidenced by increased plasma estradiol
      levels followed by a midcycle LH surge and subsequent rise in plasma progesterone
      (P) levels, in 8 of the 9 patients. One patient with PCOD failed to ovulate. All
      of 11 treatment cycles were ovulatory in the 8 patients. A maximal P level of
      below 10 ng/ml was seen in 3 of the 11 induced ovulatory cycles, indicating
      corpus luteum insufficiency. Luteolysis occurred soon after discontinuing the
      pulsatile LHRH administration at the mid to late luteal phase in 3 ovulatory
      cycles. One of the 4 infertile women became pregnant. The results indicate that
      chronic pulsatile administration of LHRH is useful in inducing ovulation not only
      in hypothalamic amenorrhea, but also in PCOD and hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
      They also suggest that although a possible augmentation of the hypothalamic LHRH
      release at the preovulatory phase cannot be denied, a series of endocrine events
      during the human menstrual cycle may be regulated by the feedback action of the
      ovarian signals on the pituitary under a fixed input of the hypothalamic LHRH.

PMID- 6431038
TI  - [HMG-HCG therapy for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome].

PMID- 6431039
TI  - [Study on the hypothalamic dopaminergic activity in different stages of pregnancy
      and non-pregnancy].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate hypothalamic dopaminergic activity
      in pregnant women after the administration of metoclopramide (MCP), a dopamine
      receptor blocker, and to investigate the effects of MCP on the placental steroid
      and peptide hormones, and to clarify the prolactin (PRL) releasing mechanism in
      the hypothalamo-pituitary axis during pregnancy using dopaminergic agents and
      TRH. The following results were obtained. The plasma PRL levels following
      intravenous MCP remained significantly elevated for 180 minutes (p less than
      0.001-0.05) in all groups as compared to the control group, but there were no
      significant differences between early and late pregnant groups, and between
      pregnant and nonpregnant groups. Therefore, the dopaminergic activity of the
      hypothalamus remained unchanged during pregnancy as well as in the nonpregnant
      state. The administration of MCP or a sudden increase in plasma PRL had no effect
      on the maternal plasma estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, HCG or HPL during
      pregnancy. PRL release from the pituitary by MCP was suppressed significantly (p
      less than 0.01) by pretreatment with bromocriptine. PRL releasing activity of MCP
      10mg was significantly higher (p less than 0.01-0.05) than that of TRH 500
      micrograms in the pregnant women.

PMID- 6431040
TI  - [An experimental induction of teratomatous tumor in rats].
AB  - Extrauterine implantation of the fetal membrane was performed in Wistar King A
      strain rats by the technique of fetectomy at the time of the twentieth
      gestational day. Thirty-five rats received fetectomy alone, and in nineteen rats
      the fetectomy was combined with 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)
      application. The results obtained were as follows: In the fetectomy group,
      23(65.7%) tumors 17(73.9%) mature teratomas and 6(26.1%) yolk sac tumors
      occurred. In the group which also received the application of DMBA, the tumors
      were found in seven of 19 rats (36.8%). The incidence of yolk sac tumor was 28.6%
      in this group and the remaining five tumors were mature teratomas. The direct
      application of the carcinogen did not affect the incidence or histology of the
      induced tumor. To identify the exact histogenesis of these teratomatous tumors
      from the fetal membrane, further research is necessary.

PMID- 6431041
TI  - Biochemical evidence of flexor tendon participation in the repair process--an in
      vitro study.
AB  - Rabbit, dog, chicken and monkey flexor tendon explants were maintained for six
      weeks in vitro in organ culture media. Biochemical evidence of the intrinsic
      capacity of the explants to participate in the repair process is noted by an
      increase in DNA (i.e. cell number) and hydroxyproline (i.e. collagen content) of
      the cultured explants after six weeks on culture compared to the control
      specimens, as well as the incorporation of 3H Proline into the collagen molecule.

PMID- 6431042
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin: an old molecule assumes a new look.

PMID- 6431043
TI  - Effects of carbon dioxide and pH variations in vitro on blood respiratory
      functions, red blood cell volume, transmembrane pH gradients, and sickling in
      sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Findings that polymerization of hemoglobin S is an oxygen-linked function, and
      that CO2 has an O2 affinity-independent effect on deoxyhemoglobin S
      polymerization suggests that varying PCO2 might have different effects on
      respiratory functions and other red blood cell properties of blood in sickle cell
      anemia (SS) compared with normal blood (AA). We examined the O2 affinity, Bohr
      effect, transmembrane pH gradient, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and red
      blood cell sickling at half O2 saturation in whole SS and AA blood during CO2
      titration and acid-base titration at three PCO2 levels, 10, 40, and 80 mm Hg. The
      CO2-induced Bohr effect of SS blood was considerably larger than normal (maximum,
      0.91, referred to cell pH) and similar to that found with acid-base titration at
      PCO2 of 40. In contrast to AA blood, SS blood showed an increased O2 affinity
      when PCO2 was raised from 40 to 80, and at half O2 saturation showed biphasic or
      sigmoid Bohr curves, a fall in transmembrane pH gradient with rising PCO2, and an
      absence of the normal cell volume increase at low pH and PCO2. Sickling of SS
      cells at half O2 saturation was partly inhibited by increasing PCO2, particularly
      in the higher pH ranges. These complex differences in the behavior of SS blood
      are interpreted in terms of the balancing of several effects: the lowering of
      hemoglobin O2-affinity by polymerization, low pH and increased CO2 binding,
      inhibition of hemoglobin S polymerization by CO2 binding to beta s-chain amino
      termini, differences between hemoglobin S and A in competitive binding of CO2 and
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate at different pH levels, and an increased net negative
      charge exhibited by intracellular deoxyhemoglobin S polymers. From a clinical
      standpoint, in the absence of hypoxia or acidosis, an increased blood PCO2 might
      have a beneficial effect by inhibiting red blood cell sickling, whereas a
      metabolic acidosis, with low blood pH and PCO2, would be very hazardous.

PMID- 6431044
TI  - Effect of decreased O2 affinity of hemoglobin on work performance during exercise
      in healthy humans.
AB  - A reduction in O2 affinity of hemoglobin should increase tissue oxygenation or
      maintain tissue oxygenation and at the same time spare cardiac work. Large,
      sustained reductions in O2 affinity of hemoglobin are induced best by primary
      (non-Bohr effect) stimulation of red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG)
      caused by a dual, cumulative effect on O2 affinity for hemoglobin, direct, from
      DPG itself, and indirect, from DPG-induced red blood cell acidosis. In an attempt
      to induce significant, sustained reductions in O2 affinity of hemoglobin by
      primary DPG stimulation, six normal humans were given a diphosphonate (etidronate
      disodium [Didronel] 20 mg/kg/day p.o.) followed by infusion of 10% fructose (0.5
      L/hr for 3 hours) with added phosphate (0.28 mmol/kg/hr) and, subsequently,
      fructose-phosphate by itself. Participants underwent exercise testing (bicycle
      ergometer) and cardiopulmonary parameters were measured before and after
      administration of Didronel plus fructose-phosphate infusion, as well as before
      and after fructose-phosphate infusion alone. The sum of DPG and adenosine
      triphosphate as well as the P50 increased significantly after infusion of
      fructose-phosphate with and without prior administration of Didronel. DPG-ATP
      correlated closely with P50. When P50 was elevated, the cardiac index at high
      work load was lower than when P50 was normal (with comparable O2 consumption);
      changes in P50 correlated inversely with changes in cardiac index. Thus, with
      reduced O2 affinity of hemoglobin, participants could perform at comparable work
      loads and utilize the same amount of O2 with less cardiac work. Future studies
      should include adapting these findings to states of O2 deficit.

PMID- 6431045
TI  - Effects of high cholesterol diets on rat plasma lipoproteins and lipoprotein-cell
      interactions.
AB  - High fat, high cholesterol diets do not produce atherosclerotic lesions in some
      animal species such as the rat; however, when combined with experimentally
      induced hypothyroidism, such diets do produce lesions. While the diets or
      hypothyroidism each induce significant alterations in plasma lipoproteins, the
      combination produces marked hypercholesterolemia. If the atherosclerosis is
      related to the hyperlipidemia, the combination regimen could be provoking changes
      in the structure or compositions of lipoproteins which are not noted with either
      regimen alone. To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley male rats (approximately
      250 g) were treated as follows: Diet(a) = chow + 5% lard and 0.3% Na
      taurocholate; Diet(b) = Diet(a) + 2% cholesterol; Diet(c) = Diet(b) + 0.1%
      propylthiouracil (PTU). The major findings were as follows. 1) With Diet(b), slow
      floating very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (pre-beta) enriched in cholesteryl
      esters accumulated in plasma and low density lipoprotein (LDL) disappeared from
      its usual flotation position. 2) With Diet(c), changes in plasma concentration
      were more marked but were also qualitatively different. More VLDL accumulated,
      and distribution of VLDL was shifted toward even slower floating cholesteryl
      ester-rich particles. VLDL had "broad beta" mobility. Also, a beta-migrating
      intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) population appeared. 3) Lipoprotein (d
      less than 1.019 g/ml) and zonal subfractions of d less than 1.019 g/ml
      lipoproteins (isolated from rats on cholesterol Diet (b] stimulated [3H]oleate
      incorporation into cholesteryl esters of fibroblasts and macrophages, while the d
      less than 1.019 g/ml fractions of 5% fat (Diet(a]-fed rats did not. 4) The major
      finding of this study was that identically prepared d less than 1.019 g/ml
      fractions of Chol + PTU-treated rats (Diet(c] were approximately 2.5-fold more
      stimulatory than the lipoproteins of cholesterol-fed rats. The results could not
      be explained by differences in cholesterol contents of the cholesterol-rich
      lipoproteins, but significant differences in the apoprotein compositions of the
      fraction were found which could be important. The most active fractions had
      higher apoBL/apoBS and apoE/apoC ratios than less active fractions. Thus, the
      combination regimen of cholesterol and PTU produced changes in lipoprotein
      structure and composition which enhanced the abilities of the lipoproteins to
      interact with cells. The results suggest that analysis of lipoprotein-cell
      interactions in vitro may be predictive of the atherogenic potential of
      lipoproteins in vivo and that euthyroidism in rat protects against atherogenic
      hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 6431046
TI  - The inhibitory effect of opiates on gonadotrophin secretion is dependent upon
      gonadal steroids.
AB  - We have attempted to clarify the physiological involvement of endogenous opiates
      in the steroid-mediated control of gonadotrophin release. Our studies showed that
      there was an acute reduction in the inhibitory effects of endogenous opiates on
      LH and FSH release following gonadectomy in the rat. This was indicated by a
      significant reduction in the ability of naloxone to stimulate serum LH/FSH levels
      (sampled at 15 min) in 26-day-old female rats 48 h after ovariectomy. Luteinizing
      hormone was highly sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the synthetic met
      enkephalin analogue, FK 33-824, at this time (sampled at 90 min). An unexpected
      observation was that long-term absence of gonadal steroids also disrupted the
      ability of exogenous opiates, FK 33-824 and morphine, to influence LH release.
      This was seen as an inability of FK 33-824 (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg) to inhibit LH
      secretion. The effects of gonadectomy on opiate control of LH occurred at all
      developmental stages and were not due to a disruption of sexual maturation.
      Opiate involvement in prolactin secretion did not appear to be adversely affected
      by an absence of gonadal steroids. Another novel aspect of this work was that the
      opiatergic component in the control of gonadotrophin secretion could be
      reinstated in long-term gonadectomized rats by treatment with oestradiol benzoate
      or testosterone propionate. Similarly, priming with increasing dosages of
      oestradiol benzoate which resulted in progressively lower LH levels gave larger
      naloxone in progressively lower LH levels gave larger naloxone
      responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431047
TI  - Inhibition by testosterone of prolactin and growth hormone release from chicken
      anterior pituitary glands in vitro.
AB  - Pituitary glands and hypothalami from broiler fowl were incubated in medium
      containing testosterone, and prolactin and GH release were determined. Pituitary
      glands were also preincubated for 20 h in medium containing testosterone, and
      then in medium containing various secretagogues. Testosterone inhibited the
      release of prolactin directly from the pituitary gland in a concentration-related
      manner. The hypothalamus stimulated the release of prolactin, but by a lesser
      amount in the presence of testosterone. When pituitary glands were preincubated
      with testosterone, subsequent release of prolactin was inhibited, except with the
      highest concentration which stimulated prolactin release. Hypothalamic extract
      (HE) markedly stimulated prolactin release from control pituitary glands although
      testosterone-primed glands were less responsive. The stimulation of prolactin
      release by thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was
      also reduced by preincubation of the pituitary glands with testosterone. Priming
      with testosterone did not affect the release of GH from pituitary glands alone,
      but reduced the TRH-, HE- and PGE2-stimulated release of GH. These results
      demonstrate that testosterone directly inhibits prolactin secretion and reduces
      the sensitivity of pituitary lactotrophs and somatotrophs to provocative stimuli.

PMID- 6431048
TI  - Low incidence of schizophrenia in British Columbia coastal Indians.
AB  - Schizophrenia rates were obtained from a British Columbia coastal Indian group
      numbering 14 000. One subgroup numbering 12 200 showed an incidence of 10 cases
      per 100 000 population a year. An atypical subgroup of 1800 showed an incidence
      of 49 cases per 100 000 a year. These rates appear to be relevant to a hypothesis
      that suggests that schizophrenia may be caused by abnormal fatty acid metabolism.
      A study is reviewed which implies the existence of a delta-5 or delta-6
      desaturase enzyme mutation or both, in the Indian population under study.

PMID- 6431049
TI  - Arrest of intravitelline mitoses in Drosophila embryos by u.v. irradiation of the
      egg surface.
AB  - The intravitelline mitosis in Drosophila was arrested at the anaphase within the
      span of a single cell cycle after irradiation with 300 nm u.v. Embryos at and
      before the 8-nucleus stage were influenced by the u.v. only when irradiated
      anteriorly, while at and after the 16-nucleus stage, embryos are sensitive to
      either anterior or posterior irradiation. In embryos anteriorly irradiated at or
      before the 8-nucleus stage all nuclei in the embryo were prevented from
      performing mitosis. When irradiated at or after the 16-nucleus stage, inhibition
      of the intravitelline mitosis is limited to the nuclei in approximately anterior
      half region of embryos in anterior irradiation, and to those in approximately
      posterior-half region in posterior irradiation, resulting in incomplete
      blastoderm formation. Sites sensitive to 300 nm u.v. are postulated to be present
      in the peripheral cytoplasmic region of the embryo and not in the nucleus,
      because the half-attenuation thickness of 300 nm u.v. light for the Drosophila
      egg cytoplasm is 3 microns and nuclei are at least 50 microns away from the
      periphery at the stage of irradiation. In addition lateral irradiation of a
      portion of an egg where there is no nucleus underneath was also effective in
      arresting division of nuclei in the same egg. It is suggested that the effects of
      300 nm u.v. may not be conveyed to the nuclei from the periphery by simple
      diffusion of a substance, and a hypothesis is proposed for the involvement of
      cytoskeletal elements associated with the u.v. sensitive sites on the surface to
      the control mechanism of the intravitelline mitosis of the Drosophila embryo.

PMID- 6431050
TI  - Regulation of melanization of tobacco hornworm larval cuticle in vitro.
AB  - When tobacco hornworm larvae (Manduca sexta) are allatectomized 5-6 hr before
      head capsule slippage in the molt to the fifth (final) larval instar, the new
      cuticle melanizes 3 hr before ecdysis. After explantation between 7 and 3 hr
      before the onset of melanization, the new cuticle was found to melanize in vitro
      in Grace's medium only if beta-alanine was removed. When explanted at the onset
      of melanization, the presence of beta-alanine had no effect on melanization. The
      addition of either dopa or dopamine was found to be necessary for complete
      melanization of pieces explanted before the onset of melanization with 0.3 mM of
      either dopa or dopamine being optimal. Both of these compounds were incorporated
      into the cuticular melanin. In this optimal medium, melanization occurred over
      about a 9-hr period after a 5- to 6-hr lag period presumably required for
      adjustment to the medium. Fifty ng/ml 20-hydroxyecdysone was found to inhibit
      melanization of pieces explanted 7 hr but not 3 hr before melanization. The
      hormone neither inhibited uptake of dopa into the epidermis nor prevented
      melanization in the cuticle once the prophenoloxidase in the premelanin granules
      was activated. Therefore, 20-hydroxyecdysone may inhibit the activation of the
      phenoloxidase in the pre-melanin granules, or may inhibit the incorporation of
      dopa into the granules.

PMID- 6431052
TI  - Adrenergic innervation and noradrenaline content of the rat submandibular gland
      during the experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
AB  - Rat submandibular glands were tested histochemically for the presence of
      formaldehyde induced fluorescence 18, 32, 45, 60 and 100 days after inoculation
      with Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. At days 32, 60 and 100 the glandular
      noradrenaline content was also assayed fluorometrically. The fluorescent varicose
      nerve fibres of all the studied glands were severely reduced at days 18 and 32 of
      infection. At day 45 reduction was not so pronounced and by day 60 the density of
      adrenergic terminals was similar to that of the control glands. At day 32 of
      infection the glandular contents of noradrenaline expressed as ug/gland or ug/g
      of fresh tissue dropped to 50% of the control values. At day 64, the
      noradrenaline contents per gland were still different from the controls. However,
      at day 100 no difference was observed between the values for control and infected
      animals. These results indicate that the sympathetic innervation of the rat
      submandibular gland is affected during the acute phase of Chagas' disease but
      returns to normality during the chronic phase.

PMID- 6431051
TI  - Some characteristics of Ca2+- regulated force production in EGTA-treated muscles
      from rat heart.
AB  - McClellan and Winegrad (1980, J. Gen. Physiol., 75:283-295) have reported that in
      rat ventricular muscles that have reportedly been made "hyperpermeable" to small
      ions such as Ca2+, CaEGTA2-, and MgATP2- by a soak in EGTA, the maximum Ca2+
      regulated force can be permanently increased by a short exposure to positively
      inotropic drugs, such as epinephrine or cAMP plus theophylline, in the presence
      of the detergent Triton X-100. The experiments reported here were begun as an
      attempt to repeat and extend this important observation. However, no evidence
      could be found for a potentiation of force that was not merely produced by Triton
      alone. In addition, the thickest muscles used (250-440 microns diameter)
      exhibited very low values for force per unit cross-sectional area, which
      suggested that either Ca2+ reached only a fraction of the myofibrils or the
      myofibrils were in a state of low contractility. The results of further
      experiments that were designed to test the permeability characteristics of these
      EGTA-treated muscles indicated that the movement of certain ions into these
      preparations was restricted, even in thin muscles (80-200 microns diameter). The
      rate of development of Ca2+-regulated force was slow (t1/2 approximately equal to
      1-3 min), but was greatly accelerated after the muscles had been superfused with
      Triton X-100 (t1/2 approximately equal to 10-20 s). Removal of creatine phosphate
      (CP) in the presence of MgATP produced a partial rigor contracture in the EGTA
      treated muscles. The results were consistent with the suggestion that the EGTA
      treated muscles were permeable to some extent to Ca2+ and HCP2- ions but not to
      CaEGTA2- and MgATP2-. Thus, it would seem unlikely that the [Ca2+], [MgATP2-],
      and [Mg2+] in the immediate vicinity of the myofibrils in these preparations can
      be adequately controlled by the solution bathing the muscles.

PMID- 6431053
TI  - Opiates inhibit acetylcholine release from Torpedo nerve terminals by blocking
      Ca2+ influx.
AB  - In the present communication we report that Ca2+-dependent acetylcholine release
      from K+-depolarized Torpedo electric organ synaptosomes is inhibited by morphine,
      and that this effect is blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone. This finding
      suggests that the purely cholinergic Torpedo electric organ neurons contain
      presynaptic opiate receptors whose activation inhibits acetylcholine release. The
      mechanisms underlying this opiate inhibition were investigated by comparing the
      effects of morphine on acetylcholine release induced by K+ depolarization and by
      the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and by examining the effect of morphine on 45Ca2+
      influx into Torpedo nerve terminals. These experiments revealed that morphine
      inhibits 45Ca2+ influx into K+-depolarized Torpedo synaptosomes and that this
      effect is blocked by naloxone. The effects of morphine on K+ depolarization
      mediated 45Ca2+ influx and on acetylcholine release have similar dose
      dependencies (half-maximal inhibition at 0.5-1 microM), suggesting that opiate
      inhibition of release is due to blockage of the presynaptic voltage-dependent
      Ca2+ channel. This conclusion is supported by the finding that morphine does not
      inhibit acetylcholine release when the Ca2+ channel is bypassed by introducing
      Ca2+ into the Torpedo nerve terminals via the Ca2+ ionophore.

PMID- 6431054
TI  - Persistence of immunoreactive neurofilament protein breakdown products in
      transected rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - Alterations occurring in nerve proteins of transected nerves were studied in rat
      sciatic nerves using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to identify and monitor
      neurofilament (NF) epitopes among nerve proteins following their electrophoresis
      and transfer to nitrocellulose paper. Immunoblot methods identified NF epitopes
      in NF triplet proteins (Mr 200,000, 150,000, and 68,000) and in NF nontriplet
      proteins (all other immunobands below Mr 200,000 and above Mr 40,000). NF triplet
      and nontriplet proteins were Triton-insoluble in both untransected and transected
      nerves. Extensive loss of NF triplet and most nontriplet proteins occurred during
      the 24-48-h period following nerve transection and was attributed to proteolytic
      degradation. Loss of protease-labile NF proteins led to a markedly reduced level
      of NF immunoreactivity in 2-day transected nerve. NF proteins which survived the
      2-day posttransectional period were considered to represent protease-stable NF
      fragments. These fragments persisted in transected nerve for periods of at least
      35 days. Most protease-stable NF fragments which retained immunoreactivity had Mr
      of 57,000-65,000. Low concentrations of the same immunobands were present in
      untransected nerves.

PMID- 6431055
TI  - Inhibition of a membrane-bound enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase by bestatin
      analogs.
AB  - A variety of bestatin analogs were examined as potent inhibitors of a membrane
      bound enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase that was purified from monkey brain.
      Bestatinyl amino acid derivatives showed strong inhibition of this enzyme. The
      most effective was bestatin-L-Arg X AcOH, with a Ki value of 0.21 X 10(-8) M with
      Leu-enkephalin as substrate. It exhibited competitive kinetics and was about 100
      fold more potent than bestatin. This compound seems to be useful for
      pharmacological and other studies.

PMID- 6431056
TI  - Relationship between the circulating levels of adenohypophyseal hormones in blood
      and in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Concentrations of prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone
      and growth hormone were measured simultaneously in the serum and cerebrospinal
      fluid of 57 patients affected by neurologic disease without any pituitary or
      diencephalic involvement. Prolactin secretion was stimulated in another group of
      12 patients using sulpiride or metoclopramide, and the hormone concentration was
      measured simultaneously in serum and in CSF during the test. Basal studies showed
      that the concentrations of prolactin, FSH, LH and GH in serum and in CSF were
      directly correlated (p varying from less than 0.001 to less than 0.05). A
      negative correlation was found between the molecular weight of hormones reported
      in this and in other studies and the natural logarithm of the CSF/serum hormone
      concentration ratios. During prolactin stimulation the correlation between serum
      and CSF concentration was maintained, nevertheless a higher increase of prolactin
      in blood than in CSF was observed. This last finding suggests that other
      mechanisms in addition to filtration from blood into CSF can be responsible for
      the presence of adenohypophyseal hormones in CSF.

PMID- 6431057
TI  - Phenytoin-induced increase in growth hormone response to levodopa in adult males.
AB  - Growth hormone and prolactin response to levodopa were evaluated before and after
      long-term phenytoin treatment in five men with previously untreated partial
      epilepsy. After phenytoin treatment, growth hormone response to levodopa
      increased. There was a close relationship between growth hormone response to
      levodopa and plasma phenytoin concentrations. These findings suggest a phenytoin
      induced dopaminergic activity at the hypothalamic-pituitary level in adult males.

PMID- 6431058
TI  - Prolonged cortical somatosensory evoked potential latencies in progressive
      myoclonus epilepsy.
AB  - In 9 mildly affected and 7 severely affected patients with progressive myoclonus
      epilepsy, we observed a distinct slowing in the short-latency median nerve SEP
      components N 19 (5.2% and 24.7%), P 22 (14.6% and 37.1%) and N 30 (4.8% and
      17.1%, respectively). The P 22-N 30 amplitude increased in mild but decreased
      again in severe disease. These findings are indicative of mild affection of the
      peripheral and spinal sensory connections, and more severe involvement of the
      thalamocortical pathways. In controls, a clear correlation between the height and
      the latency of the N 19 and P 22 components was observed. We also often observed
      a small additional negative SEP component adjoining the P 22 component.

PMID- 6431059
TI  - Cerebrovascular permeability and delivery of gentamicin to normal brain and
      experimental brain abscess in rats.
AB  - Antibiotics vary widely in their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In
      studies of 70 rats, the permeability of the normal blood-brain barrier to
      gentamicin was shown to be poor. In experimental brain abscesses, during the
      cerebritic stage of development, the penetration of intravenous antibiotics was
      increased compared to normal brain but was very inconsistent. Antibiotic delivery
      to brain abscess was not significantly altered with the administration of high
      dose steroids, but the macrophage and glial response was markedly decreased with
      high-dose steroid therapy. Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier modification
      with mannitol increased the delivery of gentamicin both to brain abscess and to
      the surrounding brain. It also resulted in more consistent tissue drug levels.
      The clinical implications of these studies suggest that, because of the
      inconsistent delivery of gentamicin to brain abscess, the therapeutic efficacy of
      medical management alone may be quite variable. This mode of therapy could
      possibly increase the efficacy of medical management of brain abscesses,
      especially in patients with multiple or surgically inaccessible brain abscesses.

PMID- 6431060
TI  - Pituitary apoplexy associated with a triple bolus test. Case report.
AB  - The authors report a case of pituitary apoplexy resulting in bilateral internal
      carotid artery occlusion, with marked depression of consciousness and hemiplegia.
      After transsphenoidal tumor decompression, restoration of flow in both carotid
      arteries was documented angiographically and the patient made an excellent
      clinical recovery. The unique aspect of this case is that the pituitary apoplexy
      was apparently precipitated by neuroendocrine manipulation, performed as a
      preoperative test of pituitary function.

PMID- 6431061
TI  - Stoichiometric Tc-99m RBC labeling using stable kit solutions of stannous
      chloride and EDTA: concise communication.
AB  - An in vitro Tc-99m labeling method is described, which utilizes stable stock
      solutions of stannous chloride and disodium edetate (EDTA). The kit procedure
      requires as little as 1 ml of patient blood, can be performed in only 15 min, and
      gives labeling yields in excess of 98%. By using EDTA, the binding capacity of
      RBCs for technetium is sufficient to produce Tc-99m RBC doses with specific
      concentration greater than 50 mCi/ml for first-pass cardiac studies. Scintigrams
      reveal a slight amount of bladder activity and splenic uptake, but at no time has
      the thyroid, stomach, or normal bowel been visualized. The predominant 20-hr
      blood-clearance half-time results in excellent image quality for over 24 hr--an
      essential property for following intermittent GI bleeding or for performing
      repeat cardiac function studies over a several-hour time interval.

PMID- 6431062
TI  - The significance of chromosomal aberrations in indium-111-labeled lymphocytes.

PMID- 6431063
TI  - 157Dy-HEDTA for skeletal imaging. By G. Subramanian, J.G. McAfee, R.J. Blair,
      R.E. O'Mara, M.W. Greene and E. Lebowitz. 1971.

PMID- 6431064
TI  - Degradation of basement membrane collagens by metalloproteases released by human,
      murine and amphibian tumours.
AB  - In this investigation it has been found that naturally-occurring (i.e.
      indigenous, not transplanted) tumours of diverse organs in a spectrum of
      vertebrates from frogs to man can secrete enzymes which degrade basement membrane
      collagens (type IV and V). The enzymes are inhibited by chelating agents (EDTA)
      but not by other protease antagonists and are, therefore, specific
      metalloproteases. Individual tumours do not necessarily secrete collagenases
      active against all collagen types (I, IV and V) and release of these different
      enzymes does not, therefore, appear to be coordinated. These biochemical findings
      support those reported for serially transplanted tumour cell lines and provide a
      plausible mechanism for the destruction of basement membranes and stromal
      collagen fibres observed morphologically in tumour spread.

PMID- 6431065
TI  - Usefulness of enzyme-1 and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of juvenile
      xanthogranuloma.
AB  - Skin biopsies from two children with juvenile xanthogranuloma were studied.
      Enzyme- and immunohistochemistry was used to establish the mononuclear phagocytic
      nature of the proliferating dermal elements. The usefulness of both techniques in
      the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of this disease is suggested.

PMID- 6431066
TI  - Thyroid hormone abnormalities at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      in children.
AB  - Comprehensive evaluation of thyroid hormone indices was performed in 58 children
      with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) at the time of diagnosis and
      prior to insulin therapy. Two patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism,
      with markedly elevated TSH and very low T4, free T4, T3, and reverse T3
      concentrations. The remaining 56 patients had the transient alterations in
      thyroid hormone indices that are characteristic of "euthyroid sick" or "low T3"
      syndrome. Mean TSH and reverse T3 values were significantly higher and the mean
      T3, T4, and free T4 levels were significantly lower than those observed in the
      control population. Ten of the diabetic patients had elevated TSH concentrations
      and normal or low free T4 values; eight had normal TSH levels and low T4 and free
      T4 values. The remainder of the group had thyroid indices compatible with
      abnormal peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Elevated titers of
      antimicrosomal antibodies were found in 16% of the children with IDDM. We
      conclude that abnormal peripheral metabolism and altered hypothalamic-pituitary
      function are responsible for the transient changes in thyroid hormone indices in
      patients with untreated IDDM. The most reliable indicators of concomitant primary
      hypothyroidism in untreated IDDM are markedly elevated TSH and low reverse T3
      values.

PMID- 6431067
TI  - Effects of inspired CO2 on skin surface CO2 measurements.

PMID- 6431068
TI  - Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: effects on birth size and
      gestational age.
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), environmental pollutants that concentrate in
      the fatty tissue of predatory sports fish, cross the placenta in women exposed to
      ordinary dietary levels. Two hundred forty-two newborn infants whose mothers
      consumed moderate quantities of contaminated lake fish and 71 infants whose
      mothers did not each such fish were examined during the immediate postpartum
      period. PCB exposure, measured by both contaminated fish consumption and cord
      serum PCB levels, predicted lower birth weight and smaller head circumference.
      Exposed infants were 160 to 190 gm lighter than controls, and their heads were
      0.6 to 0.7 cm smaller. Head circumference was disproportionately small in
      relation to both birth weight and gestational age. Control analyses showed that
      none of these effects was attributable to any of 37 potential confounding
      variables, including socioeconomic status, maternal age, smoking during
      pregnancy, and exposure to polybrominated biphenyls. These findings are
      consistent with earlier reports from studies in laboratory animals.

PMID- 6431069
TI  - Gonadotropin excretion during puberty in malnourished children.
AB  - p6nadotropins were measured by radioimmunoassay of urine samples from 285
      privileged Nairobi adolescents and from 238 rural peripubertal Kenyan boys and
      girls who had had moderate malnutrition during childhood. Gonadotropins were
      reduced at all ages in the rural adolescents, but pubertal stage-matched
      comparisons showed no differences between children of the two study areas in
      middle or late phases of sexual maturity. These results document the pattern of
      gonadotropin changes in an environment of reduced caloric intake and confirm the
      presumed hypothalamic-pituitary origin of the delayed adolescence that occurs
      under such circumstances.

PMID- 6431070
TI  - Transient thyroid binding globulin deficiency with classic galactosemia.

PMID- 6431071
TI  - Delayed primary anastomosis in poor-risk patients with esophageal atresia
      associated with tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Twelve patients with esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) who
      were treated with delayed primary anastomosis were reviewed. All patients except
      two were classified as Waterston's group C, for whom multiple staged procedures
      usually can be considered. Gastrostomy for decompression was performed as the
      initial operation shortly after admission and adequate nutritional support was
      provided by a transpyloric or jejunostomy tube. Extrapleural division of the TEF
      and esophagoesophagostomy were delayed until these operations were considered
      safe to perform. Delayed primary anastomosis was done at varying ages from the
      11th day of life to the 150th day. Eleven patients survived. It is concluded that
      the therapeutic program consisting of gastrostomy, enteral feeding and delayed
      division of TEF and esophagoesophagostomy is useful in treating poor-risk
      patients and should replace multiple staged procedures.

PMID- 6431072
TI  - The CO2 laser in pediatric surgery.
AB  - The CO2 laser has found its place in surgery and is now an accepted modality in
      many fields. Its application in pediatric surgery is well based and it is our
      opinion that its use in this field should be more widespread.

PMID- 6431073
TI  - Caval catheterization in the intensive care nursery: a useful means for providing
      parenteral nutrition to the extremely low birth-weight infant.
AB  - We provided parenteral nutrition to 40 very low birth-weight premature infants
      (birth weight 815 +/- 17 grams, gestational age 27 +/- 2 weeks) with a superior
      vena cava catheter. To avoid the risk of transport, catheterization was performed
      under sterile conditions in the intensive care nursery. The central venous
      catheter facilitated administration of calories to sustain growth, especially in
      infants whose catheters remained in place for 3 weeks or longer. The overall
      incidence of catheter related sepsis was high (30%) but the majority of cases
      were due to Staphylococcus epidermidis and resolved without incident. Other
      complications of parenteral nutrition were minimal. This approach is a safe and
      effective means of providing nutrition to the very low birth-weight infant.

PMID- 6431074
TI  - Enhanced intestinal absorption of amino acids and amino acid-like drug by
      possible formation of enamine in administered solution by the presence of
      ethylacetoacetate.
AB  - Ethylacetoacetate promoted the colonic and the jejunal absorption of amino acids
      such as L-phenylalanine and D-phenylalanine when administered in aqueous
      solution. Enhanced absorption of these isomers of amino acid might occur via a
      formation of enamine, which was observed in aqueous solution by monitoring
      ultraviolet absorbance at 288 nm. Since mixture of L- or D-phenylalanine and
      ethylacetoacetate in aqueous solution enhanced colonic absorption of cefmetazole
      while the solution did not affect so much on the jejunal absorption of
      cefmetazole compared to the colonic absorption of it, enhancing action of enamine
      probably produced in aqueous solution may be more effective at the colonic
      compartment.

PMID- 6431075
TI  - Evaluation of two nitroglycerin dosage forms: a metered spray and a soft gelatin
      capsule.
AB  - Two studies were performed to evaluate two nitroglycerin dosage forms. The dosage
      forms of main interest were a metered 0.4 mg nitroglycerin spray and a soft
      gelatin capsule containing 0.8 mg nitroglycerin solution. Each of these two
      dosage forms was evaluated in a separate study, versus both a placebo and an
      equivalent sublingual nitroglycerin tablet dose. The studies employed the digital
      plethysmographic methodology for evaluation of organic nitrate antianginal dosage
      forms. The results indicated that all the nitroglycerin dose treatments generated
      significantly greater digital plethysmographic activity versus the placebo. Also,
      the metered spray and soft gelatin capsule treatments were as effective, or more
      effective, than the respective sublingual tablet treatment in generating a
      digital plethysmographic response. Several implications and applications of these
      results are discussed.

PMID- 6431076
TI  - Distribution of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl among lipoproteins during
      pregnancy and lactation in the rat.
AB  - The mechanism by which polychlorinated biphenyls are transferred from adipose
      tissue to the mammary gland during late pregnancy and lactation is unknown.
      Lipoproteins were investigated as a possible vehicle of transport. 2,4,5,2',4',5'
      [14C] Hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) distribution among very low-, low- and high
      density lipoproteins and the protein-rich bottom fraction was examined in virgin
      controls, in pregnant animals on days 9 and 18 of gestation, in mothers on day 10
      of lactation and in suckling pups. Plasma obtained 1 hr after an i.v. injection
      of 6-CB was separated into the various lipoprotein fractions and their lipid
      composition analyzed. With advancing pregnancy, there was a shift in 6-CB
      distribution from the higher to lower density lipoproteins. A linear increase was
      observed in the amount of very low-density lipoprotein as well as the proportion
      of plasma 6-CB associated with it. Corresponding decreases occurred in the
      proportion of 6-CB associated with low-density lipoprotein and the bottom
      fraction. During late pregnancy, very low-density lipoprotein became the primary
      carrier of 6-CB in vivo. The pattern of 6-CB distribution among lipoproteins on
      day 10 of lactation resembled that on day 9 of pregnancy. Suckling pups exhibited
      the highest proportion of plasma 6-CB in low- and high-density lipoprotein. The
      shifts in the distribution of 6-CB during pregnancy and lactation were related to
      changes in the lipid constituents of plasma and the individual lipoproteins.

PMID- 6431077
TI  - Effects of anticonvulsants on learning: performance of pigeons under a repeated
      acquisition procedure when exposed to phenobarbital, clonazepam, valproic acid,
      ethosuximide and phenytoin.
AB  - The effects of phenobarbital, clonazepam, valproic acid, ethosuximide and
      phenytoin were examined in pigeons performing under a repeated acquisition
      procedure. Clonazepam (0.06-0.75 mg/kg), valproic acid (40-120 mg/kg),
      ethosuximide (40-160 mg/kg) and phenytoin (2.5-15 mg/kg) produced generally dose
      dependent decreases in rate of responding, whereas phenobarbital (5-50 mg/kg) had
      little consistent effect on response rate across the dose range studied.
      Phenobarbital and clonazepam produced dose-dependent increases in error rates.
      Although valproic acid and phenytoin generally increased errors relative to
      control values, this effect was not directly dose-dependent or consistent across
      subjects. A within-session analysis of the distribution of drug-induced increases
      in errors revealed that the main effect of phenobarbital, clonazepam, valproic
      acid and phenytoin was to increase errors during early acquisition (i.e., before
      the procurement of 15 or fewer reinforcers). Later in the session, a similar
      number of errors per reinforcer was made during drug and control sessions. In
      contrast to the other anticonvulsants examined, ethosuximide had little effect on
      error rates. These results suggest that there are qualitative as well as
      quantitative differences in the effects of anticonvulsant drugs under the
      repeated acquisition procedure.

PMID- 6431078
TI  - Effects of diazepam on arterial blood gas concentrations and pH of adult rats
      acutely and chronically exposed to methadone.
AB  - The effects of diazepam alone, and in combination with acute and chronic exposure
      to methadone, on arterial pH, pCO2 and pO2 in the rat were evaluated.
      Measurements were made before drug administration and at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and
      240 min postadministration. Diazepam (20 mg/kg s.c.) did not cause any
      significant changes in arterial pCO2 or pH. However, it did cause a significant
      increase in arterial pO2 tension (P less than or equal to .05). The magnitude of
      this effect was essentially the same after acute and chronic diazepam treatment.
      The increase in arterial pO2 tension was attributed to a decrease in tissue
      uptake of oxygen associated with the decrease in body temperature that occurred
      after diazepam treatment. Acute and, to a far lesser extent, chronic
      administration of methadone (5 mg/kg/day i.p.) caused significant decreases in
      arterial pH and pO2 and increases in pCO2 (P less than or equal to .05). When
      given in combination with methadone, diazepam potentiated markedly the
      respiratory depressant effects of methadone. The most severe respiratory
      depression occurred when both drugs were used together acutely. The effects of
      the acute diazepam-chronic methadone treatment were 100 to 200% greater than
      those that occurred with the chronic diazepam-chronic methadone treatment,
      indicating the development of a tolerance to the potentiating ability of
      diazepam. These results show that there is a real potential for severe
      respiratory depression when these drugs, methadone and diazepam, are used
      concurrently, especially for the first time.

PMID- 6431079
TI  - Anticonvulsant and antipunishment effects of toluene.
AB  - Toluene can have striking acute behavioral effects and is subject to abuse by
      inhalation. To determine if its actions resemble those of drugs used in the
      treatment of anxiety ("anxiolytics"), two sets of experiments were undertaken.
      Inasmuch as prevention of pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions is an identifying
      property of this class of agents, we first demonstrated that pretreatment with
      injections of toluene delayed the onset of convulsive signs and prevented the
      tonic extension phase of the convulsant activity in a dose-related manner.
      Injections of another alkyl benzene, m-xylene, were of comparable potency to
      toluene. Inhalation of toluene delayed the time to death after pentylenetetrazol
      injection in a manner related to the duration and concentration of exposure; at
      lower convulsant doses, inhalation of moderate concentrations (EC50, 1311 ppm)
      prevented death. Treatment with a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (Ro 15-1788)
      failed to reduce the anticonvulsant activity of inhaled toluene. Anxiolytics also
      attenuate the reduction in response rate produced by punishment with electric
      shock. Toluene increased rates of responding suppressed by punishment when
      responding was maintained under a multiple fixed-interval fixed-interval
      punishment schedule of reinforcement. Distinct antipunishment effects were
      observed after 2 hr of exposure to 1780 and 3000 ppm of toluene; the rate
      increasing effects of toluene were related to concentration and to time after the
      termination of exposure. Thus, toluene and m-xylene resemble in several respects
      clinically useful drugs such as the benzodiazepines.

PMID- 6431080
TI  - Inhibitory effects of salicylate on contractility in skeletal muscle.
AB  - Salicylate (1-5 mM) had no effect on the peak amplitude (Pt) of twitches elicited
      at 0.05 to 0.05 Hz, but depressed the Pt in frog and toad "toe" muscles
      stimulated at 5 to 10 Hz. The maximal tetanic tension (Po) was not reduced
      significantly by salicylate, but the time to reach Po was increased to several
      seconds. K-induced contractures were reduced by ca 40 and 50%, respectively, in
      the presence of 5 and 10 mM salicylate. Pretreatment with salicylate (5 mM)
      reduced the twitch potentiation by quinine, shortened the duration of twitches in
      caffeine-treated muscles and inhibited the caffeine- and the quinine-induced
      contractures. Muscles in contracture because of a previous exposure to quinine
      relaxed promptly upon addition of salicylate to the bathing medium. The
      inhibitory effects of salicylate on Pt, on Po and on K- or drug-induced
      contractures were reversible and were not affected by changes in pH between 7.5
      and 6.5. Salicylate depressed the caffeine-rapid cooling contractures (RCC). In
      toad muscles, this effect was affected markedly by the order in which caffeine
      and salicylate were applied. Blockade of the caffeine-RCC by salicylate was
      enhanced by lowering the pH of the medium. Salicylamide (1-5 mM) reproduced the
      effects of salicylate on the caffeine- and the quinine-induced contractures and
      the caffeine-RCC. In addition, salicylamide reduced the twitch tension. It is
      proposed that salicylate and salicylamide affect Casequestration by the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6431081
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites in spontaneous and
      drug-induced contractions of rat urinary bladder.
AB  - The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and endogenous
      arachidonic acid (AA) depletion on spontaneous and drug-induced contractions of
      the rat urinary bladder have been determined by both in vivo and in vitro
      experiments. Our results suggest that some AA metabolites (presumably
      prostaglandins) are involved in the physiologic regulation of the micturition
      reflex in the rat. In vivo findings indicate that the ability of various NSAIDs
      to inhibit distension-induced rhythmic contractions is proportional to their anti
      inflammatory effectiveness. NSAIDs administration or depletion of endogenous AA
      at the detrusor muscle level by essential fatty acid-free diet (EFAFD) decreased
      the responsiveness of the urinary bladder to reflex activation. Topical AA
      triggered a series of neurogenic rhythmic contractions in the preparation which
      failed to respond to saline loading. This effect was prevented by NSAID
      pretreatment. The effect of topical AA was mimicked in NSAID-treated preparations
      by topical prostaglandins. Both NSAIDs and EFAFD reduced the responsiveness of
      the rat urinary bladder to acetylcholine and purinergic stimulation in vivo and
      in vitro. NSAIDs enhanced, while EFAFD reduced, the responsiveness of the
      isolated bladder to stable cholinomimetics. Responsiveness to KCl was unaffected
      by NSAIDs or EFAFD. These latter findings indicate that either blockade of AA
      metabolism along the cyclooxygenase pathway or endogenous AA depletion might
      alter bladder responsiveness at the postjunctional level. However, because the
      amplitude of distension-induced rhythmic contractions is unaffected by NSAIDs or
      EFAFD, it appears unlikely that endogenous prostanoids play a role in excitatory
      neurotransmission or in tension development during physiological-like activation
      of the bladder muscle. In vitro findings indicate that both NSAIDs and EFAFD
      reduce the myogenic contractility and the responsiveness to stretch of bladder
      muscle. These findings are suggestive that AA metabolites could regulate
      micturition by enhancing the amplitude of the myogenic contractions of the
      bladder muscle and, consequently, the discharge of vesical afferents to the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 6431082
TI  - The ventilatory response of the human respiratory system to sine waves of
      alveolar carbon dioxide and hypoxia.
AB  - Sine waves of alveolar CO2 at constant high alveolar O2, and sine waves of
      alveolar hypoxia (1/(PA, O2 -C), C congruent to 32 torr) at constant alveolar CO2
      have been administered to three subjects in each case. Sine waves of six
      different periods were studied, ranging between 900 and 30 s for the CO2 sine
      waves and 300 and 20 s for the hypoxic sine waves. The sinusoidal variations in
      ventilation produced by these manoeuvres, expressed as amplitudes and phase
      shifts, were compared with values predicted from the dynamic responses to
      alveolar steps of gas tension already to be found in the literature. For the CO2
      sine waves, the amplitudes of response agreed well with those predicted at the
      higher frequencies, but were less than predicted at the lower frequencies. For
      the hypoxic sine waves, the amplitude of response varied less with frequency than
      was predicted. For both the CO2 and the hypoxic sine waves, the phase shift of
      response was less than expected at the higher frequencies. An attempt was made to
      fit parameters to a simple model, based on the wash-in and wash-out of
      respiratory gases into and out of a tissue compartment, and used in the
      literature for describing the responses to step changes. No satisfactory fit was
      found. It is concluded that the simple model is unsatisfactory by itself for
      describing the responses to sinusoidal chemical stimulation; features additional
      to those included in the model are required to explain fully the responses seen.
      The possibilities for chemoreception at the higher frequencies are discussed in
      the light of the low phase shifts.

PMID- 6431083
TI  - The pattern of breathing in man in response to sine waves of alveolar carbon
      dioxide and hypoxia.
AB  - Sine waves of alveolar CO2 at constant high alveolar O2, and sine waves of
      alveolar hypoxia (1/(PA, O2 -C) where C congruent to 32 torr) at constant
      alveolar CO2 have been administered to three subjects in each case. Six different
      periods of the sine waves were studied, ranging between 900 and 30 s for the CO2
      sine waves and 300 and 20 s for the hypoxic sine waves. The sinusoidal variations
      in inspiratory and expiratory volumes (VT, I, VT, E), durations (TI, TE) and mean
      flows (vI, vE) produced by these manoeuvres were calculated, and the results
      analysed from the phase shifts of the responses. For the CO2 sine-wave results,
      the peak in the TI oscillation generally appeared after the minima for VT, I and
      vI, but before their maxima. The peak in the TE oscillation was variable. For the
      hypoxic sine-wave results, the peak in the TI oscillation showed no over-all
      tendency to lead or lag the peaks of VT, I and vI. The peak in the TE oscillation
      generally appeared after the maxima for VT, E and vE but before their minima. For
      the CO2 sine-wave results, expiratory mean flow led inspiratory mean flow, with
      the volumes showing no significant difference. For the hypoxic sine-wave results
      expiratory volumes and mean flows led inspiratory volumes and mean flows. The
      results are discussed in relation to the transient responses of the components of
      breathing pattern obtained from other perturbations of chemical drive.

PMID- 6431084
TI  - Characteristics of a cationic amino acid transport system in the basolateral
      membrane of the cat salivary epithelium.
AB  - The specificity and kinetics of L-lysine influx across the basolateral surface of
      the cat salivary epithelium have been investigated in the perfused cat
      submandibular gland using a high-resolution, paired-tracer dilution technique. L
      lysine influx was measured at several different perfusate concentrations (0.05
      2.5 mM) and was found to be saturable. A Michaelis-Menten analysis based on a
      single entry site gave a Km of 0.49 +/- 0.08 mM and a Vmax of 231 +/- 20 nmol/min
      X g. The uptake of L-lysine was highly stereospecific and markedly inhibited by L
      arginine (0.25-2.5 mM). The inhibitor constant (Ki) was 0.23 mM, suggesting that
      the carrier had a greater affinity for L-arginine than L-lysine. When the
      inhibitory effects of L-histidine (0.5-10 mM) were examined the Ki, estimated at
      10 mM, was 4.6 mM. Nine other neutral amino acids (L-alanine, L-serine, L
      cysteine, glycine, L-proline, L-homoserine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and L
      glutamine), and an acidic amino acid (L-aspartate) were also tested at 10 mM and,
      although several caused inhibition, the Ki was always at least 20 times higher
      than the measured Km for L-lysine. It is concluded the carrier is highly specific
      for the L-form of the basic amino acids. The sodium dependence of L-lysine influx
      was investigated over a range of L-lysine concentrations (0.05-1 mM), and total
      removal of sodium from the perfusate had no effect on L-lysine influx. In the
      presence of sodium, L-homoserine, an amino acid not normally present in animal
      tissues, inhibited L-lysine influx (Ki = 13 mM). This inhibition was not observed
      in the absence of sodium, and contrasts with the observation that the inhibitory
      action of L-histidine was sodium independent. The present data suggest that a
      specific cationic amino acid transport system is operative in the basolateral
      membrane of the cat salivary epithelium. The properties of this system appear to
      be similar to the system y+ which has been described in several other cell types.

PMID- 6431085
TI  - Analysis and interpretation of turning points and run lengths in breath-by-breath
      ventilatory variables.
AB  - Three healthy young male volunteers were studied for 10 min periods of steady
      state ventilation under the following conditions: air breathing, 50% inspired
      oxygen, hyperoxic hypercapnia and hypoxic hypercapnia. Eight variables were
      recorded breath-by-breath: inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes, mean flows
      and durations, total breath duration and expiratory ventilation. Each resulting
      sequence of breath-by-breath data was analysed in terms of the number of 'turning
      points' in the sequence and the concomitant mean 'run length' between turning
      points. The mean run length for all these variables was 1.600, 1.599 and 1.592 in
      the three subjects. These values are significantly greater than the expected
      value of 1.5 for random data sequences. There were no consistent significant
      differences between variables or subjects. Under conditions of hypoxic hypocapnia
      the mean run length of all variables was found to be 1.666, 1.724 and 1.568 in
      the three subjects. The two higher values corresponded with periodic breathing of
      period 10-30 s. These observations are lower than previously published values. A
      number of ways of interpreting a mean run length of greater than 1.5 are
      suggested.

PMID- 6431086
TI  - Drinking and renal responses to peripherally administered osmotic stimuli in the
      pigeon (Columbia livia).
AB  - Pigeons drank copiously in response to intravenous (I.V.) infusion of
      approximately equi-osmolar hypertonic solutions of NaCl (0.5 M), sucrose (1.0 M)
      or mannitol (1.0 M). I.V. infusions of hypertonic glucose (1.0 M) or urea (1.0 M)
      were less effective in causing drinking. The calculated percentage change in
      plasma osmolality at the onset of drinking was similar for the three hypertonic
      solutions, NaCl, sucrose and mannitol, irrespective of the concentration of the
      solution infused. A greater volume of water was drunk in response to I.V.
      infusion of 7 ml of 1.0 M-sucrose than in response to a similar volume of 1.0 M
      NaCl or mannitol. This appeared to be in response to the large diuresis caused by
      sucrose infusions. Excretion of the osmotic load was more rapid following I.V.
      hypertonic sucrose and mannitol than following hypertonic NaCl, glucose or urea
      in the 10 h of the experiment. In anaesthetized pigeons, I.V. infusion of
      hypertonic NaCl (0.5 M), sucrose (1.0 M) or urea (1.0 M) caused similar increases
      in plasma osmolality. The haematocrit was significantly reduced after NaCl or
      sucrose but not after urea. Plasma Na+ concentration was significantly increased
      after NaCl, and decreased after sucrose, whereas urea produced little change.
      Following I.V. hypertonic NaCl or urea, the Na+ concentration of the
      cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) was increased and its flow reduced compared with
      isotonic NaCl infusions. Hypertonic sucrose stopped the flow of c.s.f. almost
      completely during the course of the experiment. These experiments suggest that
      the drinking and renal responses of pigeons following osmotic stimuli are similar
      to those of mammals and that they appear to retain Na+.

PMID- 6431087
TI  - Mechanisms of action of noradrenaline and carbachol on smooth muscle of guinea
      pig anterior mesenteric artery.
AB  - Membrane potential was recorded by micro-electrode in segments of small (200-500
      microns o.d.) mesenteric arteries of guinea-pig. Isotonic shortening was recorded
      in helical strips cut from these arteries. Raising the external potassium
      concentration, [K+]o, caused shortening and substantial depolarization. The
      threshold for contraction was about 30 mM which corresponded to a membrane
      potential of about -45 mV. Since high-potassium contractions were abolished in
      calcium-free solution it was suggested that they occur due to potential-sensitive
      calcium channels opening positive to about -45 mV. Noradrenaline weakly
      depolarized the muscle and produced contractions resistant to calcium-free
      conditions. It was suggested that noradrenaline contractions are mainly caused by
      mechanisms other than the opening of potential-sensitive calcium channels, namely
      entry of calcium via other channels and release of stored calcium. Carbachol had
      no effect on basal tension but inhibited shortening by noradrenaline or by
      raising [K+]o. The inhibitory effect of carbachol on tension under various
      conditions was associated with hyperpolarization or depolarization in a range
      negative to -45 mV, or no effect on potential, so that modulation of the number
      of open potential-sensitive calcium channels could not be evoked to explain its
      relaxant action. Removal or destruction of the endothelium by rubbing or by
      distilled water perfusion left tension responses to noradrenaline or raised [K+]o
      essentially unchanged. However, the inhibitory effect of carbachol on tension was
      attenuated and hyperpolarization of the resting artery was converted to a
      depolarization. It was concluded that carbachol has both a strong inhibitory and
      a weak excitatory effect on these vascular smooth muscle cells. Membrane
      potential changes are not essential to its inhibitory action but may, by closing
      potential-sensitive calcium channels, sometimes reinforce it. Hyperpolarization
      by carbachol may be caused by a factor released by the action of carbachol on
      endothelial cells: in its absence carbachol may weakly depolarize but this alone
      is normally insufficient to generate tension.

PMID- 6431088
TI  - Intracellular calcium ions and calcium currents in perfused neurones of the
      snail, Lymnaea stagnalis.
AB  - Neuronal somata of Lymnaea stagnalis were internally perfused and voltage clamped
      using the suction pipette method. The cells were exposed to internal solutions
      buffered to various concentrations of Ca2+ while the cytoplasmic Ca2+ activity [(
      Ca2+]i) was monitored with a Ca2+ -sensitive micro-electrode. [Ca2+]i was usually
      about 10(-7) M when the cell was perfused with a solution buffered to any level
      of Ca2+ from 9 X 10(-7) to below 10(-8) M. With internal solutions buffered to
      10(-6) M-Ca2+ or greater, [Ca2+]i increased rapidly and overshot the perfusate
      Ca2+ activity by up to two orders of magnitude. It was thus virtually impossible
      to hold [Ca2+]i steady at any levels other than about 10(-7) M or 10(-4) M using
      internal perfusion of simple ionic internal solutions. The excess Ca2+ which
      caused the overshoot of [Ca2+]i entered the cell from the external solution
      through Cd2+ -sensitive channels. Cd2+ in the external solution prevented or
      reversed the overshoot of [Ca2+]i and brought [Ca2+]i to near the perfusate
      level. ATP added to the internal solution also prevented [Ca2+]i from
      overshooting the perfusate level during perfusion with high-Ca2+ buffers. By
      monitoring [Ca2+]i with a Ca2+ -sensitive micro-electrode, we were able to
      estimate the relationship between [Ca2+]i and the Ca2+ current (ICa) measured
      under voltage clamp. ICa was completely blocked as [Ca2+]i was raised to 10(-6)
      M. We believe that the discrepancy between our data and other estimates of the
      ICa vs. [Ca2+]i relationship using internal perfusion of molluscan nerve cells
      results from the incorrect assumption that [Ca2+]i is controlled adequately
      during internal perfusion.

PMID- 6431089
TI  - Comparative protective actions of gonadotrophins and testosterone against the
      antispermatogenic action of ethane dimethanesulphonate.
AB  - After a single dose of ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS) (75 mg/kg) to rats the
      prolonged antispermatogenic action is due to a temporary elimination of the
      functional Leydig cell population. Replacement therapy with testosterone
      propionate (3 mg/day) maintains the spermatogenic epithelium but the EDS effect
      develops when hormone treatment is discontinued. In contrast, a short treatment
      with hCG (10-100 i.u./day) or LH (714 micrograms/day), starting before the EDS
      dose, permanently protects the spermatogenic epithelium. FSH treatment was
      completely ineffective. Although histological protection of spermatogenesis
      appeared complete with testosterone or hCG, effects on fertility remained but
      over different periods of time. Antispermatogenic and antifertility effects were
      produced in mice using much higher doses of EDS (5 X 250 mg/kg) but there was no
      protection from androgen or hCG. It is suggested that EDS binds to Leydig cells
      irreversibly, interfering with the action of gonadotrophin. At the dose level
      used the evidence suggests that the degree of reaction renders most of the Leydig
      cell population non-viable. A direct cytotoxic effect of the compound upon the
      spermatogenic epithelium might account for the inability of testosterone or hCG
      alone or in combination to maintain fertility at normal levels.

PMID- 6431090
TI  - Abnormal gonadotrophin release from pituitaries of muscular dystrophic mice and
      hamsters.
AB  - LHRH-stimulated LH and FSH secretion was studied in hemipituitaries, in vitro,
      obtained from several dystrophic mouse mutants (male: 129/ReJ-dy; 129B6F1/J-dy;
      C57BL/6J-dy and C57BL/6J-dy2J; female: 129B6F1/J-dy) and a dystrophic hamster
      mutant (male and female CHF-147). Without exception, pituitary tissue from
      dystrophic animals released significantly more FSH than did tissue obtained from
      controls. LH secretion was more variable; in the male mice released was
      inhibited, whereas in the male dystrophic hamsters secretion was elevated above
      normal. The female mouse mutant pituitary released more LH whereas in the female
      hamster LH secretion was normal. The reduction in body weight of the mutants
      studied could have contributed to the observations of impaired anterior pituitary
      function.

PMID- 6431091
TI  - Darwin's illness: Chagas' disease resurgens.

PMID- 6431092
TI  - Laboratory safety and post secondary education: a North American perspective.

PMID- 6431093
TI  - Parental influences upon alcohol use by teenagers in Benin City, Nigeria.

PMID- 6431094
TI  - Staffing costs in primary health care.

PMID- 6431095
TI  - The core curriculum in diagnostic radiology residency training.

PMID- 6431096
TI  - Pediculosis among rural school children in Kelang, Selangor, Malaysia and their
      susceptibility to malathion, carbaryl, perigen and kerosene.

PMID- 6431097
TI  - Mothers' beliefs as to causation and prevention of birth defects in Ile-Ife,
      Nigeria.

PMID- 6431098
TI  - Appropriate sanitation technology for the decade in Africa.

PMID- 6431099
TI  - Alcohol and Australian industry.

PMID- 6431100
TI  - Paint lead levels in a restricted environment.

PMID- 6431101
TI  - Providing an information service on drugs and breast milk.

PMID- 6431102
TI  - C1-Methylated 5-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralins: central dopamine-receptor
      stimulating activity.
AB  - C1-Methylated derivatives of the potent dopaminergic agonist 5-hydroxy-2-(di-n
      propylamino)tetralin (6) have been synthesized and tested for central dopamine
      (DA) receptor stimulating activity, by using biochemical and behavioral tests in
      rats. Both cis- and trans-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (4 and
      3) may be classified as central DA-receptor agonists, albeit of lower potency
      than 6. The results obtained indicate that both 4 and 3 display DA-autoreceptor
      stimulation capacity. However, only one of the isomers, trans-3, is able to
      elicit clear-cut postsynaptic DA receptor agonist actions at larger doses. 5
      Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-2-(n-propylamino) tetralin (5) was found to be inactive.

PMID- 6431103
TI  - Substituted 5,6-dihydrofuro[3,2-f]-1,2-benzisoxazole-6-carboxylic acids: high
      ceiling diuretics with uricosuric activity.
AB  - A series of substituted 5,6-dihydrofuro[3,2-f]-1,2-benzisoxazoles was prepared
      and evaluated for their saluretic and uricosuric properties. Pharmacological
      evaluation of the title compounds was carried out in mice, rats, dogs, and
      monkeys. The diuretic/saluretic nature of these compounds was observed in all
      species, whereas the uricosuric activity was best seen in the Cebus monkey.
      Evaluation of the enantiomers of 8-chloro-3-(o-fluorophenyl)-5,6-dihydrofuro [3,2
      f]-1,2-benzisoxazole-6-carboxylic acid (15k) revealed that only the (+)
      enantiomer (29) displayed diuretic and saluretic activity, whereas both
      enantiomers possessed uricosuric activity. X-ray analysis showed that the (-)
      enantiomer (30) possesses the 2R configuration.

PMID- 6431104
TI  - Antiestrogens. 2. Structure-activity studies in a series of 3-aroyl-2
      arylbenzo[b]thiophene derivatives leading to [6-hydroxy-2-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]thien-3-yl] [4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]-phenyl]methanone
      hydrochloride (LY156758), a remarkably effective estrogen antagonist with only
      minimal intrinsic estrogenicity.
AB  - In an effort to prepare nonsteroidal antiestrogens demonstrating greater
      antagonism and less intrinsic estrogenicity than those currently available, a
      series of 3-aroyl-2-arylbenzo[b]thiophene derivatives was synthesized. These
      compounds were prepared by Friedel-Crafts aroylation of appropriate O-protected 2
      arylbenzo[b]thiophene nuclei with basic side-chain-bearing benzoyl chlorides
      followed by removal of the protective groups to provide the desired compounds
      containing both hydroxyl and basic side-chain functionality. A particularly
      useful method for the cleavage of aryl methoxy ethers without removal of
      (dialkylamino)ethoxy side chain functionality elsewhere in the molecule was found
      to be AlCl3/EtSH. The benzothiophene derivatives were tested for their ability to
      inhibit the growth-stimulating action of estradiol on the immature rat uterus.
      Seemingly minor changes in the side-chain amine moiety were found to have
      profound effects on the ability of the compounds to antagonize estradiol.
      Analogues having basic side chains containing cyclic (pyrrolidine, piperidine,
      and hexamethyleneamine) moieties were found to have less intrinsic estrogenicity
      and to antagonize estradiol action more completely than their noncyclic
      counterparts. The most effective antiestrogen in the series, compound 44, [6
      hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b] thien-3-yl]-[4-[2-(1
      piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methanone, elicited a modest uterotropic activity that
      did not increase with increasing dose. In antagonism of estradiol, 44 exhibited a
      degree of inhibition surpassing that of tamoxifen at any dose tested. The new
      benzothiophene antiestrogen was also shown to have high affinity for rat uterine
      cycloplasmic estrogen receptor and to be an inhibitor of the growth of DMBA
      induced rat mammary tumors.

PMID- 6431105
TI  - 2,5-Anhydro-1-deoxy-1-phosphono-D-altritol, an isosteric analogue of alpha-D
      ribofuranose 1-phosphate.
AB  - Condensation of tetramethyl methylenebisphosphonate with 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O
      trityl-D-ribose gave a mixture of 2,5-anhydro-1-deoxy-1-(diethoxyphosphinyl)-2,3 
      O-isopropylidene-5-O-trityl-D-altritol and -allitol. Separation of the isomers
      and deprotection gave 2,5-anhydro-1-deoxy-1-phosphono-D-altritol and -allitol.
      The former is the stable isosteric methylenephosphonate analogue of alpha-D
      ribose 1-phosphate, the ribose donor in nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzed
      nucleoside biosynthetic reactions. It did not, however, inhibit purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase at concentrations of 6 mM.

PMID- 6431106
TI  - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy.
AB  - We present a family with numerous first cousin marriages and several members
      affected with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy
      causing severe crippling and deformity. The extensive pedigree provides strong
      evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 6431107
TI  - Clinical and cytogenetic diversity in Fanconi's anaemia.
AB  - Abnormally high levels of spontaneous and mitomycin C or diepoxybutane induced
      chromosome breakage were observed in lymphocytes from eight out of nine
      previously undescribed patients clinically diagnosed as having Fanconi's anaemia.
      The results suggest that the combination of spontaneous and induced chromosome
      breakage is a good aid in the differential diagnosis and we suggest that
      increased chromosome breakage is pathognomonic for this recessive disorder. It
      is, however, not possible to demonstrate consistently raised levels of induced
      chromosome breakage in obligate carriers. The patient who had normal levels of
      chromosome breakage had an atypical haematological picture and may suffer from a
      disease genetically different from Fanconi's anaemia.

PMID- 6431108
TI  - A case of partial monosomy 21q22.2 associated with Rieger's syndrome.
AB  - A deleted chromosome 21 is reported in a mentally retarded girl with prominent
      occiput, high nasal bridge, downward slanting eyes, enophthalmus, atresia of the
      right lacrimal duct, displaced anal opening, and supernumerary ribs. Cytogenetic
      investigation of cultured lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts revealed a deletion of
      the long arm of chromosome 21 at sub-band q22.2 with satellites on both arms.
      Normal SOD-1 activity confirmed the breakpoint to be distal to band q22.1.

PMID- 6431109
TI  - Relationship of iron and extracellular virulence factors to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa lung infections.
AB  - The iron concentration in the culture medium used to prepare the inocula
      influenced the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a chronic pulmonary
      infection model in rats. Groups of rats were given transtracheal inocula of agar
      beads in which were embedded c.10(4) cfu of P. aeruginosa strain PAO and the
      mutants of strain PAO, Fe5 and Fe18. When strain PAO was grown in low-iron medium
      before infection, it caused severe parenchymal changes including a dense
      mononuclear cell infiltration in the alveolar spaces, as well as intra- and
      peribronchial inflammation. When strain PAO was grown in high-iron medium, the
      pathological changes in lungs were restricted to intra- and peribronchial
      inflammation. Strain Fe5, in which the effect of iron on yields of elastase is
      deregulated, produced similar pathological changes regardless of whether it was
      grown in low- or high-iron media. All rats infected with strain Fe18, in which
      the effect of iron on yields of toxin A is deregulated, died within 48 h after
      infection. These data indicate that the iron concentration of the culture medium
      can influence the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in a chronic respiratory
      infection. These studies also suggest that the regulation of extracellular
      virulence factors by iron is important in the determination of P. aeruginosa
      virulence.

PMID- 6431110
TI  - Characterisation of target antigen of cell-mediated immunity in Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis H37RV.
AB  - Antigen participating in cell-mediated immunity was isolated from a sonic extract
      of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The purified antigen had a mol. wt 150 000
      200 000, based upon its Rf in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulphate. In simple agarose gel electrophoresis it had an Rf of 0.85. The
      protein in its native state was identified in the sonic extract with an antiserum
      to the purified antigen; it too had an Rf of 0.85 in agarose gel electrophoresis.
      The purified antigen elicited a delayed hypersensitivity response and stimulated
      the generation of activated macrophages in mice immunised with M. tuberculosis
      H37Rv.

PMID- 6431111
TI  - The effect of chemically induced oral carcinomas on peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages derived from normal and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene
      (DMBA) treated, tumor bearing, Syrian hamsters were isolated and characterized.
      Peritoneal exudate cells from tumor bearing animals as compared to normal
      controls, showed that there was an increase in the total number of cells in the
      exudate. Specifically, there was an increase in macrophages as compared to other
      cell types. In terms of their cytochemical functions, these macrophages
      demonstrated a reduction in histochemical activity and functional capacity (Fc
      and C3 receptors), and cytotoxic specific lysis of DMBA squamous cell carcinoma
      tumor targets. There was also a significant increase in adherence and the number
      of resident macrophages as opposed to exudate macrophages of the peritoneal
      macrophages. These results seem to indicate an alteration in functional and
      cytochemical activity of macrophages derived from a hamster with a growing cheek
      pouch tumor induced by DMBA.

PMID- 6431112
TI  - Voltage-sensitive calcium flux promoted by vesicles in an isolated cardiac
      sarcolemma preparation.
AB  - The effect of membrane potential on the vesicular uptake of calcium in an
      isolated cardiac sarcolemma preparation from canine ventricle was evaluated.
      Membrane potentials were developed by the establishment of potassium gradients
      across the vesicular membranes. In the presence of valinomycin, the fluorescence
      changes of the voltage sensitive dye, diS-C3-(5) were consistent with the
      development of potassium equilibrium potentials. Using EGTA to remove endogenous
      calcium from the preparation and to maintain a low intravesicular calcium
      concentration over time, the uptake of calcium was linear from 5 to 100 sec, in
      the absence of sodium, at both -98 and -1 mV. The rate of calcium uptake (calcium
      influx) was approximately twofold greater at -1 mV than at -98 mV, and
      prepolarization of the membrane potential to -98 mV did not enhance calcium
      influx upon subsequent depolarization to -1 mV. Hence, calcium influx was voltage
      sensitive but not depolarization-induced and did not inactivate with time.
      Furthermore, the calcium influx was not inhibited by the organic calcium
      antagonists, which suggests that this flux did not occur via the transient
      calcium channel. Evaluation of calcium influx over a wide range of membrane
      potentials produced a profile consistent with the hypothesis that calcium entered
      the vesicles through the pathway responsible for the persistent inward current
      observed in voltage-clamped isolated myocytes. A model was proposed to account
      for these results.

PMID- 6431113
TI  - Cromolyn sodium and allergic conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6431114
TI  - Gender-transposition theory and homosexual genesis.
AB  - The genesis of homosexuality, and therefore of heterosexuality also, has
      traditionally been argued as either wholly biological or wholly social
      environmental. The theory of gender transposition integrates findings regarding
      both prenatal hormonal programming of the sexual brain, and postnatal social
      programming.

PMID- 6431115
TI  - Deep venous thrombophlebitis associated with lithium toxicity.
AB  - The development of deep venous thrombophlebitis in a lithium-intoxicated patient
      is described. The sedation, lassitude, and decreased activity of the toxic state
      are proposed as risk factors for the development of hemostasis and
      thrombophlebitis. The need for greater awareness of this possible complication in
      patients who are lithium toxic is advanced.

PMID- 6431116
TI  - Effect of enterally administered ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate on plasma and
      urinary amino acid levels after burn injury.
AB  - Eight severely burned patients received 10 grams twice a day of enterally
      administered ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate. Variations in their plasma and
      urinary amino acid levels were compared with those from six severely burned
      control patients. The study covered the period from the fourth day to the twenty
      eighth day after injury. Essential differences between the two groups were that
      plasma ornithine and proline increased until day 13 in the treated group, plasma
      phenylalanine levels were higher in the control group except on day 13, the peak,
      on the twenty-first day, in plasma concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine,
      tyrosine, lysine, proline, and ornithine, in the control group was not found in
      treated subjects, and urinary amino acids were lower on day 28 in the treated
      group. These results suggest that ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate administration
      lowered protein catabolism after injury, probably through a process mediated by
      increased secretion of insulin and human growth hormone.

PMID- 6431117
TI  - Lead poisoning among children in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Six Saudi children aged between 10 and 30 months were found to have lead
      poisoning. Two of them presented with encephalopathy. Twenty children with
      unexplained convulsions, some of whom died, were reported to have been admitted
      to the local district hospital recently. All our cases were diagnosed within 2
      weeks of diagnosing the index case. The source of lead was found to be a locally
      used teething powder known as 'Saoott' and 'Cebagin'. This was prescribed by a
      traditional healer. The lead content of this powder was found to be 51%. Chemical
      analysis of other locally used eye cosmetics and teething medicines showed a lead
      content of up to 88%. The difficulties faced in diagnosis and managements of
      these cases in developing countries are discussed. The importance of prevention
      is stressed.

PMID- 6431118
TI  - Interaction of Fasciola hepatica with albendazole and its metabolites.
AB  - Adult Fasciola hepatica recovered from sheep 12 and 24 h after a single oral dose
      of albendazole (20 mg/kg) contained significant amounts of two oxidized
      metabolites of albendazole (ABZ), a sulphoxide (SX) and a sulphone (SO), but not
      ABZ. Flukes incubated in vitro with 10 microM SX or SO contained these
      metabolites at a level two to three times the level observed in flukes recovered
      from sheep 24 h after a curative oral dose of ABZ. The concentration of ABZ in
      flukes was 10-fold greater than either SX or SO after a 24 h in vitro incubation
      in 10 microM of the respective drug. Flukes exposed to ABZ in vitro contained two
      fold higher SX levels than SX-treated flukes due to a combination of spontaneous
      oxidation in media and fluke-mediated oxidation of ABZ. Measurement of end
      products of glucose metabolism following 24 h incubation in 10 microM of either
      ABZ, SX or SO did not show a significant difference between treated and untreated
      flukes.

PMID- 6431119
TI  - Uncoating of influenza virus in endosomes.
AB  - The intracellular uncoating site of influenza virus was studied by measuring the
      fluorescence intensity of probes conjugated to the virus or the isolated
      hemagglutinin and also by assaying virus replication under various incubation
      conditions. Acidification of the viral environment was monitored by the decrease
      in the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate, and transport of the
      virus particles into secondary lysosomes was assayed by the increase in the
      fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate diphosphate. The
      intracellular pH was estimated by the ratio of fluorescence intensities excited
      at two different wavelengths. It was found that the viral environment became
      acidified to a pH value of 5.1 to 5.2 within 10 min at 37 degrees C or 1 h at 20
      degrees C after endocytosis. Addition of ammonium chloride to the medium rapidly
      raised the pH to 6.7. Transport of the virus particles into the secondary
      lysosomes was slower and negligibly low during those incubation periods. Virus
      replication occurred when the cells were incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C or
      for 1 h at 20 degrees C, followed by incubation in the presence of ammonium
      chloride for a total of 12 h. These results indicate the uncoating of influenza
      virus in endosomes before reaching the secondary lysosomes.

PMID- 6431120
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Chromosomally mediated resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae-
      United States.

PMID- 6431121
TI  - Long-term follow-up of transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy for prolactinoma.
AB  - Although transsphenoidal selective resection of prolactinoma has high cure rates
      and low morbidity, the frequency of late recurrence of adenoma is controversial.
      Long-term follow-up data were available on 29 of our patients having initial
      return to normal prolactin levels after microadenoma resection; in 24, prolactin
      levels remained normal at 50 +/- 3 months' (range, 11 to 81 months) follow-up.
      Five patients manifested hyperprolactinemia again after intervals of six to 16
      months. In five patients with normal prolactin levels immediately after
      macroadenoma resection, who were available for long-term follow-up, prolactin
      levels remained normal in four at 41 +/- 3 months; one patient had a relapse 78
      months after surgery. Testing of prolactin secretory dynamics six weeks
      postoperatively was not predictive of who would suffer relapse. It is not known
      whether these relapses are due to regrowth of tumor remnants or represent new
      tumor formation.

PMID- 6431122
TI  - Effect of total parenteral nutrition on free fatty acid metabolism in burned
      patients.
AB  - Free fatty acid (FFA) and energy metabolism were studied in six severely burned
      humans after an 8-hr fast, after 1 hr of total parenteral nutrition, and after 72
      hr of uninterrupted total parenteral nutrition. Caloric intake was twice the
      predicted basal metabolic rate, with 5 mg kg-1 min-1 of glucose, 2.5 g kg-1 day-1
      of amino acid and the remainder of calories supplied as a fat emulsion. 1,2-13C
      palmitate bound to albumin was continuously infused in order to quantitate FFA
      turnover and oxidation. Endogenous FFA turnover and oxidation were markedly
      suppressed by parenteral feeding, presumably due to increased insulin release. A
      modest recovery occurred in the initial suppression of FFA oxidation after 72 hr,
      but not in FFA turnover. Fat emulsion provided about one-quarter of the energy
      released during parenteral feeding, with endogenous FFA oxidation as the major
      component. This was roughly equivalent to the percentage of calories supplied as
      fat. This work indicates that the direct oxidation of a lipid emulsion
      contributes only a small amount of energy released in the setting of the severely
      traumatized human receiving total parenteral nutrition but serves mainly to
      preserve endogenous fat stores.

PMID- 6431123
TI  - Hypocaloric lipid emulsions and amino acid metabolism in injured rats.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine the degree and mechanism by which
      administration of medium-chain triglyceride emulsions spare body protein after
      injury. Forty male rats underwent venous catheterization and received nonsterile
      bilateral femur fractures. All rats received 2.5 g/day amino acids and either no
      additional calories (group I) or 20 kcal/day of either glucose (group II), a long
      chain triglyceride emulsion (group III), a medium-chain triglyceride emulsion
      (group IV), or a structured lipid emulsion composed of 40% sunflower oil and 60%
      medium-chain triglycerides (group V). The diets were administered for 3 days, and
      rates of plasma leucine flux, oxidation, and incorporation into protein as well
      as tissue protein synthetic rates in liver and muscle were measured using the
      constant infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine. Results demonstrated that the
      administration of glucose or various lipid emulsions improved cumulative nitrogen
      balance significantly when compared to a diet containing amino acids alone. In
      addition, the administration of glucose or lipid emulsions significantly
      stimulated protein synthesis in liver and muscle. Moreover, a structured lipid
      emulsion of medium- and long-chain fatty acids produced significant increases in
      liver protein synthesis greater than that observed with either glucose or long
      chain triglyceride emulsions. We conclude that added energy as fat or glucose
      reduces net protein catabolism and improves tissue protein synthesis in these
      injures rats and that lipid emulsions are as effective as dextrose. A structured
      triglyceride emulsion synthesized from medium- and long-chain fatty acids appears
      to better support hepatic protein synthesis.

PMID- 6431124
TI  - Rapid turnover transport proteins, plasma albumin, and growth in low birth weight
      infants.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to establish normative data and to
      determine the value of measuring rapid plasma turnover proteins in low birth
      weight infants during the neonatal period. Forty-three premature, adequate for
      gestational age infants were divided in three groups according to their birth
      weight: group A less than 1000 g, group B 1001 to 1500 g, group C 1501 to 2000 g.
      Weekly anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations were obtained.
      Anthropometric measurements included weight, crown heel length, midtricipital
      skinfold thickness, and midarm circumference. Biochemical studies in plasma
      included total proteins, albumin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein. A
      significant increase in prealbumin concentration preceded weight gain. The
      elevation in prealbumin concentration was statistically significant (p less than
      0.02) for the combined data from all groups and for infants included in group B
      and C (p less than 0.05). No concomitant changes were demonstrated in plasma
      retinol-binding protein, or total proteins. The transient rise in prealbumin
      plasma concentrations remains unexplained, but may be related to the infant's
      nutritional status.

PMID- 6431125
TI  - Active metabolic expenditure of gastroenterological surgical patients receiving
      intravenous nutrition.
AB  - The active metabolic expenditure of 30 gastroenterological surgical patients was
      measured by performing an energy balance study over 14 days of intravenous
      nutrition. The mean value of active metabolic expenditure in preoperative
      patients (559 +/- 384 kcal/day) was significantly higher (p less than 0.02) than
      postoperative patients (245 +/- 325 kcal/day) but there was wide individual
      variation within both groups. Combinations of these results with values of
      resting metabolic expenditure obtained in the same patients suggest that very few
      uncomplicated surgical patients will ever require more than 2000 kcal/day to
      achieve a positive energy balance.

PMID- 6431126
TI  - Pancreatic secretory responses to intravenous hyperalimentation and intraduodenal
      elemental and full liquid diets.
AB  - Intravenous hyperalimentation and enteral elemental diets have both been
      advocated for the nutritional support of patients with acute pancreatitis,
      pancreatic fistula, and proximal small bowel fistula. The exocrine pancreatic
      responses to these nutrients compared to one another and to full liquid diet have
      been inadequately studied. Therefore, pancreatic protein, volume, and bicarbonate
      responses to graded doses of (1) intravenous hyperalimentation, (2) intraduodenal
      elemental diet, and (3) intraduodenal full liquid diet were compared in duplicate
      experiments in five dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas. Both intraduodenal
      elemental and full liquid diets caused comparable and significant dose-related
      increases in pancreatic protein, volume, and bicarbonate outputs over basal
      levels (p less than 0.05). In contrast, there was no stimulation of pancreatic
      secretion by intravenous hyperalimentation. It therefore appears that of the
      methods studied, only intravenous hyperalimentation can provide full nutritional
      support while maintaining the pancreas at rest.

PMID- 6431127
TI  - The effects of intralipid and heparin on human monocyte and lymphocyte function.
AB  - A group of patients were studied during the infusion of Intralipid as part of a
      parenteral nutrition regimen. Peripheral blood lymphocyte function was
      unaffected, but monocyte function (chemotaxis) was significantly depressed. A
      group of healthy volunteers received an intravenous bolus of 20% Intralipid.
      Blood was taken before and 15 min afterward for immunological studies, and the
      same changes were seen following Intralipid. Prior subcutaneous injection of 5000
      U of heparin did not affect either immunological parameter, but completely
      prevented the changes in monocyte function caused by Intralipid.
      Electronmicrographs of monocytes from volunteers after injection of Intralipid,
      and autoradiographs of cells incubated with 14C-Intralipid in vitro, showed
      phagocytosis of fat particles by monocytes. These data suggest that Intralipid
      can have potentially serious side effects on the immune system, and that they may
      be alleviated by the use of subcutaneous heparin.

PMID- 6431128
TI  - Parenteral nutrition complications in a voluntary hospital.
AB  - A prospective study analyzing the complications in 307 patients who had
      specialized nutrition support administered by their private practitioners was
      performed and compared to other series in which a nutrition support service
      exclusively provided such care of patients. The mechanical complication rate of
      4.6%, septic complication rate of 2.9%, and metabolic complication rate of 4.2%
      compared favorably with the reported literature. A new category of complications,
      the judgmental complication, is described and was 12.7% in the reported series.
      The Saint Barnabas Medical Center experience suggests that individual
      practitioners can satisfactorily administer intravenous specialized nutrition
      support if in fact an involved nutrition support service functions
      administratively and supportively in the background.

PMID- 6431129
TI  - Blood culture as a guide for the diagnosis of central venous catheter sepsis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of peripheral (PBC)
      and central blood cultures (CBC) in the diagnosis of central venous catheter
      (CVC) sepsis (growth of the same microorganism in the peripheral blood and on the
      catheter tip). The contamination and sepsis rate of 256 CVCs and the relationship
      with PBC and CBC was evaluated in a series of cancer patients included in a
      prospective protocol on CVC infections at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan.
      Overall CVC contamination was 10.5% and sepsis rate was 3.1%. The positive
      predictive value for CVC sepsis was 46.7% for positive PBC + CBC, 38.1% for
      positive PBC and 16.6% for positive CBC. The small gain in the predictive
      positive value obtained with the use of PBC and CBC and the slight increase in
      the specificity does not justify, in our opinion, the use of both these
      parameters for the diagnosis of CVC sepsis.

PMID- 6431130
TI  - Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterization: a comparison between
      soft, antebrachial catheters of silicone elastomer and polyurethane.
AB  - In order to compare two types of long, soft central venous catheters with the
      same stiffness, 39 silicone elastomer (SE) and 36 polyurethane (PU) catheters
      were inserted in 75 patients via basilic or cephalic veins punctured at the
      cubital fossa. Mean duration of catheterization was 10.5 days. Scanning electron
      microscopy revealed that the SE catheters to have a more uniform, but somewhat
      rougher surface topography than the PU catheters. The platelet adhesion in vitro
      to the SE catheters was four times higher than to the PU catheters. The incidence
      of clinical thrombophlebitis in the arm veins was 36% with the SE catheters, and
      5.5% with the PU catheters (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were
      found between the SE and PU catheters regarding the number and size of radiologic
      thrombi in the peripheral and central veins, catheter occlusion rate, and
      platelet adhesion to the inner side of the catheter tip at withdrawal. Platelet
      adhesion in vivo correlated with the duration of catheterization in both groups
      of catheters. Mechanical trauma to the vein endothelium seems to be of vital
      importance in thrombus formation, but not in the induction of clinical
      thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 6431131
TI  - Effects of exogenous catecholamines on glucose and fat metabolism and on
      triglycerides in the rat liver during total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - An experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of a continuous infusion
      of catecholamines on glucose and fat metabolism as well as on nitrogen balance
      and the amount of triglycerides in the rat liver. The animals were nourished by
      total parenteral nutrition for 5 days and divided into six groups (n = 5 in each
      group) on the basis of nonprotein calories given with or without an infusion of
      catecholamines: group G received 100% of nonprotein calories with glucose, group
      F received 50% of nonprotein calories with glucose, and the remaining 50% with
      lipid emulsion, groups Epi-G and Epi-F received epinephrine (1 microgram/kg body
      weight/min) in addition to the same total parenteral nutrition solution as group
      G or F, and groups Nor-G and Nor-F received norepinephrine (1 microgram/kg/min)
      in a similar manner. Each group was administered the same number of total
      calories (252 cal/kg/day) and the same amount of nitrogen (1.49 g/kg/day).
      Nitrogen balance was better in group G than in group F. Under catecholamine
      infusion, there were no significant differences in nitrogen balance between
      groups Epi-G, Nor-G, Epi-F, and Nor-F, but this parameter improved significantly
      in group Nor-F in comparison to group F. Liver triglycerides was higher in groups
      Epi-G and Nor-G than in groups Epi-F and Nor-F. Liver triglycerides was directly
      related to the blood sugar level. These results indicate that nitrogen
      conservation is improved with lipid emulsion and that glucose rather than lipid
      plays a significant role in the genesis of fatty liver, when they are
      administered under catecholamine-induced stress.

PMID- 6431132
TI  - Effect of branched-chain amino acids and insulin on postinjury protein catabolism
      in growing animals.
AB  - Muscle proteolysis continues to occur in hypercatabolic states despite the
      administration of carbohydrates and proteins. Recent clinical and experimental
      studies have demonstrated that, under catabolic conditions, treatment with either
      branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or insulin may decrease negative nitrogen
      balance. However, the use of BCAA-enriched solutions to inhibit muscle
      proteolysis has never been tested in growing animals. A study was therefore
      undertaken to assess the effectiveness of such solutions, with or without
      insulin, as compared to a more balanced amino acid solution, in preventing or
      diminishing postinjury protein catabolism in growing animals. Fifteen-day-old
      rabbits, exposed to standard moderate trauma in the form of crushing the muscle
      mass of one rear thigh, received one of two amino acid formulations--a balanced
      amino acid solution (18.8% BCAA) or a 35% BCAA-enriched solution--for 96 hr.
      Insulin was given to subgroups of both series. The results indicate that: (1)
      nitrogen balance in nontraumatized animals is clearly superior when balanced
      amino acids are administered; (2) BCAA-enriched solutions may decrease postinjury
      muscle protein catabolism; (3) after trauma, insulin also has a nitrogen
      conserving effect, which is demonstrated when it is combined both with BCAA
      enriched (35%) and balanced amino acid (18.8%) solutions. However, a better
      nitrogen balance is achieved when insulin is associated with the balanced amino
      acid solution.

PMID- 6431133
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in experimental uremia: studies of acute and chronic
      renal failure in the growing rat.
AB  - The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on experimental acute and chronic
      renal failure were studied with special reference to age in the rat. TPN
      prolonged survival in acute renal failure. The young experimental animals
      benefitted more than the TPN. The accumulation of urea in the body was inhibited
      during TPN. In chronic renal failure, the low nitrogen TPN with essential amino
      acids as the source of nitrogen had no advantages over a regular diet fed ad
      libitum. Instead the TPN-rats had a markedly less positive nitrogen balance than
      the uremic and healthy controls. This difference was accentuated in the rapidly
      growing young animals. The results of this study suggest that TPN has a crucial
      role in the treatment of acute renal failure at an early age and are against the
      use of low protein diets in chronic renal failure if rapid growth is expected.

PMID- 6431134
TI  - Relationship between serum albumin and parenteral nutrition-associated
      cholestasis.
AB  - In a prospective study of 59 patients receiving total parenteral nutrition we
      found that patients with low serum albumin were more likely to develop
      cholestasis than patients with normal serum albumin. Only 25% of patients with a
      normal serum albumin developed cholestasis. Seventy-nine percent of patients with
      low serum albumin (less than 3.5 g/dl) developed cholestasis (p less than 0.01).
      In those patients who developed cholestasis, there was a significant correlation
      (r = 0.63, p less than 0.01) between the serum albumin and the number of days
      after onset of total parenteral nutrition when cholestasis appeared. The role of
      hypoalbuminemia in the development of total parenteral nutrition-associated
      cholestasis deserves further study.

PMID- 6431135
TI  - Fatal cardiac tamponade in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition via a
      silastic central venous catheter.
AB  - This is the first reported case of cardiac tamponade secondary to ventricular
      perforation involving a silastic catheter. The catheter had advanced into the
      right ventricle and become enmeshed in the trabeculae carnae. At autopsy there
      was an area of necrosis which we presumed was caused by the continuous direct
      contact of a small area of endocardium and subadjacent myocardium with the
      hypertonic infusate used for parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6431136
TI  - Bleeding disorder from the "fat overload" syndrome.
AB  - The fat overload syndrome developed in a 7-yr-old girl receiving total parenteral
      nutrition with 20% Intralipid. She developed a bleeding disorder characterized by
      severe hematemesis that appeared to be due to abnormal platelet function
      associated with platelet phagocytosis of lipid demonstrable by electron
      microscopy. The platelet defect and bleeding reversed when the lipemia cleared.

PMID- 6431137
TI  - Pneumothorax following attempted nasogastric intubation for nutritional support.
AB  - Nasogastric intubation is a routine procedure, performed daily by both medical
      and nursing staff. It is a simple procedure, but not without complications which
      can be life threatening. We present an unusual, life threatening complication
      which occurred when nasogastric intubation using a no. 8 polyurethane tube with
      its metal stilet resulted in a pneumothorax after intubation of the endotracheal
      tree in the presence of a cuffed endotracheal tube. We emphasize that the
      presence of a cuffed endotracheal tube should not be considered a safeguard
      against pulmonary intubation during nasogastric placement of a feeding catheter.

PMID- 6431139
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition via arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 6431138
TI  - Inadvertent intravenous administration of enteral diet.
AB  - Needle catheter jejunostomy feedings were instituted in a 64-yr-old man on
      postoperative day 1 following subtotal gastrectomy for carcinoma of the antrum.
      Several days later, the enteral tube catheter was inadvertently connected to the
      patient's peripheral intravenous cannula which resulted in the intravenous
      administration of the enteral formula solution. The administration was stopped
      immediately when recognized, but 4 hr later the patient became febrile,
      hypotensive, and tachycardic. Cultures from the enteral solution demonstrated
      Streptococcal viridans and yeast; the patient's blood cultures similarly
      demonstrated S. viridans. Broad spectrum antibiotics, hemodynamic monitoring, and
      intravascular support with crystalloid solutions resulted in a favorable outcome.
      Prevention of the complication could be assured by adopting luer connectors for
      enteral feeding sets which cannot be connected to intravenous cannulas. Until
      these are available, the addition of methylene blue to the tube feeding formula
      or utilization of color coded distal connecting tubing may prevent accidental
      intravenous administration of tube feeding formulas. The potential for this
      complication must be recognized by those dealing with enteral feeding.

PMID- 6431140
TI  - Effects of treadmill exercise on platelet functions and blood coagulating
      activities in healthy men.
AB  - The effects of treadmill exercise (up to 85% of the predicted maximum heart rate)
      on platelet functions and coagulating activities were studied in 26 normal men.
      Blood sampling for the measurements were performed from the antecubital vein at
      rest, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min during exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 6
      and 30 min after exercise. Measurements for blood analysis included the
      following: platelet sensitivity and percent aggregation to ADP, platelet counts,
      plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels, plasma
      epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, plasma fibrinogen level, activity of
      plasma antithrombin III, and of plasma factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII. No
      significant changes were induced by dynamic leg exercise in platelet
      sensitivities and the maximum and 3-min percent aggregation. The platelet counts
      increased during exercise in platelet-rich plasma without a significant change in
      that in whole blood. During exercise, plasma thromboxane B2 levels showed a
      tendency to increase, while plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels to
      decrease. Plasma epinephrine levels showed a tendency to increase and
      norepinephrine levels increased during exercise. Among coagulating factors,
      factor VIII activities and fibrinogen levels increased without altering
      activities of factors IX, XI, and XII. Antithrombin III activities also increased
      during exercise. In spite of significant changes in several coagulating factors,
      prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were not influenced by exercise.
      In conclusion, dynamic leg exercise of a moderate to high intensity produced a
      significantly elevated plasma level of factor VIII, fibrinogen, antithrombin III,
      and catecholamines without affecting the hemostatic balance in normal subjects.

PMID- 6431141
TI  - [Chemotherapy of unresectable Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer].
AB  - We have reported the results of our questionnaires collected from 108 hospitals
      all over Japan. The mainly used therapies were 5-FU, tegafur, and MMC in singular
      medications and 5-FU + MMC, MFC and tegafur + MMC in combined medications. The
      total cases judged as 'effective' in each hospitals were 71. The breakdown is as
      follows: 1) 'effective for the primary lesion'--47, 33--expansion of affected
      site proved by radiological and endoscopic views, 6--improvement only by
      endoscopic findings, 8--shrinkage of palpable tumor size. 2) 'ineffective for the
      primary lesion'--24, 11--disappearance or decrease in ascites, 13--improvement of
      sign and symptom. 50% survival period was 2.9 months in ineffective cases and 8.5
      months in all effective cases and 10.5 months in effective cases by radiological
      and endoscopic findings. Draft of the Criteria of Cancer Chemotherapy for Gastric
      Cancers proposed by Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, which including
      the evaluation of Borrmann type 4 cancer, was introduced.

PMID- 6431142
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Borrmann type 4 (diffuse) gastric cancer].
AB  - A total of 435 cases with stage II-IV gastric cancer resected in our department
      was investigated. Cases with Borrmann 4-type cancer showed the poorest prognosis
      in all stages compared with other types of cancer. None of three drugs-PS-K, FT
      207 and Levamisole-was specifically effective on Borrmann 4-type cancer in two
      randomized controlled trials. A study of in-vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to
      mitogens suggested the presence of a suppressive factor in the serum of the
      patient with poorly differentiated cancer. An immunofluorescent study using
      monoclonal antibodies against large and small intestinal mucin antigens showed
      strong positivity in poorly differentiated cancers.

PMID- 6431143
TI  - [Experimental studies on hepatic cancer chemo-embolization].
AB  - Mitomycin microspheres (MMC MS), which contain about 5% of MMC and have an
      average diameter of 45 +/- 8 microns, were administered into the rat hepatic
      artery in a preclinical study on antitumor treatment for human hepatic cancer.
      Plasma GOT and GPT activities increased markedly 24 hours after MMC MS injection;
      they decreased to within the normal range within 3 days of the injection. Hepatic
      necrobiosis was observed in the area adjacent to the hepatic arterioles
      containing MMC MS, but was not observed in rats injected with placebo
      microspheres. The hepatic vein blood of MMC MS treated rats contained a markedly
      high level of MMC, compared to rats treated in the conventional fashion with MMC.
      Furthermore, MMC MS remained within hepatic arterioles for over 3 weeks.

PMID- 6431144
TI  - [Constant intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy for advanced abdominal cancer--a
      technic and the effect in patients with peritoneal metastases].
AB  - Constant intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy using an artificial graft was
      performed in 39 patients with advanced abdominal cancer. This method was easy for
      insertion and re-insertion of the catheter; thus it is suitable for long-term and
      repeated constant infusion therapy. Complications encountered with the catheter
      were obstruction (8 cases); cracking (4 cases); cracking of the connector (4
      cases); infection of the graft (2 cases), and arterial thrombosis (1 case). Minor
      complications encountered upon using the catheter were solved by our method,
      however, infection represents a serious problem. In cases with peritoneal
      metastases, the response rate was excellent (43% by Karnofsky's criterion and 67%
      as determined by the ascitic effect) and this therapy was effective for symptoms
      resulting from peritoneal metastases. In conclusion, ours seems to be useful
      therapeutic method for advanced abdominal cancer with peritoneal metastases.

PMID- 6431145
TI  - [Therapeutic results of malignant ovarian tumor].
AB  - One hundred and fifty patients with malignant ovarian tumors were treated in the
      Cancer Institute Hospital between 1949 and 1977. Most (103; 68.7%) of the
      patients had simple primary ovarian cancer. A retrospective study was performed
      in these 103 patients to investigate the relationship between the 5-year survival
      rate and the clinical stage and primary treatment. The 103 patients were
      classified according to FIGO criteria. The survival rates for stages I, II, III
      and IV were 73.7%, 50.5%, 17.4% and 0%, respectively. As the primary treatment,
      operations were performed on 92 of the 103 patients. To conclude, of primary
      importance in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the surgical, complete as
      possible removal of the tumors. Postoperatively, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
      should be used. Recently, second look operations have come into wider use.
      General procedures for the surgical and postoperative treatment of progressive
      ovarian cancer have been established. Although surgical procedures for the
      treatment of early ovarian cancer have also been established, there are no
      consistent procedures for postoperative treatment. Since the incidence of ovarian
      cancer is increasing, the development of appropriate methods for early diagnosis
      and treatment of this carcinoma is eagerly awaited.

PMID- 6431146
TI  - [Regression of adenomas in Gardner's syndrome induced by systemic chemotherapy].
AB  - A 31-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with Gardner's syndrome and
      sigmoid colon cancer. Palliative resection (sigmoid colectomy) was performed due
      to hepatic and lymph node metastasis. Systemic chemotherapy with MMC, 5-FU and
      PSK was started postoperatively. Barium enema study on the 23rd successive post
      operative day and fiberscopic study on the 134th post-operative day showed
      regression of the size and number of the polyps in the remaining colon and
      rectum. We suggest that the administration of anticancer drugs may be useful in
      the treatment of familial polyposis or Gardner's syndrome which have been treated
      with only surgical therapy.

PMID- 6431147
TI  - [Chronic liver dysfunction in patients with hemophilia A. Effect of introduction
      of factor VIII concentrate].

PMID- 6431148
TI  - [A case of IgG-Bence Jones protein kappa type multiple myeloma complicated by
      adult Fanconi syndrome and osteomalacia].

PMID- 6431149
TI  - [New technic for the total body irradiation as a preparative method of the bone
      marrow transplantation].

PMID- 6431150
TI  - [Statistics on pharyngeal diverticula and its roentgenological diagnosis].

PMID- 6431151
TI  - [A case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica].

PMID- 6431152
TI  - [A study of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroidal axis in chronic liver disease].

PMID- 6431153
TI  - A case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda associated with osteosarcoma.

PMID- 6431154
TI  - [Breakthrough time of active carbon tubes for sampling organic vapors].

PMID- 6431155
TI  - [Intravascular electrodes for blood gas monitoring].

PMID- 6431156
TI  - [Transcutaneous electrodes for blood gas determination].

PMID- 6431157
TI  - Effects of treatment with glutaraldehyde and of storage in acid-citrate-dextrose
      solution on agglutinability of erythrocytes.

PMID- 6431158
TI  - The program for calculating the plausibility of paternity with a personal
      computer. 1. The Rh blood groups.

PMID- 6431159
TI  - A case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia with paraproteinemia (IgG Type lambda and
      IgA Type K).
AB  - An unusual case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia associated with paraproteinemia
      (IgG Type lambda and IgA Type K) was followed for 3 years. Clinical and
      hematological findings obtained during the entire course fulfil the previously
      reported criteria for the diagnosis of chronic neutrophilic leukemia. A marked
      infiltration of mature neutrophils in the spleen and liver was confirmed by
      postmortem examination.

PMID- 6431160
TI  - Characteristics of mitochondrial and synaptosomal monoamine oxidase in monkey
      brain.
AB  - Enzymic properties of monoamine oxidase (MAO) from monkey brain were studied.
      High MAO activity was observed in the mesencephalon and dienecephalon of the
      brain. Highest activity in every region of the brain was found with tyramine as a
      substrate. Monkey brain mitochondrial MAO showed a different substrate
      specificity and different Km and Vmax values than the enzyme from mice, rats,
      guinea pigs and rabbits. The pH activity curves were all bell-shaped, but the pH
      optima were remarkably different with the various substrates used. The activities
      of various substrates at pH 7.2 were compared with those at the pH optimum. At
      the pH optima, the activity was about 1.2-fold higher with tyramine and dopamine,
      2-fold higher with beta-phenylethylamine (beta-PEA) and 3-fold higher with
      serotonin (5-HT) and benzylamine. These results were almost similar when
      synaptosomes from monkey brain were used. MAO activities with 5-HT and beta-PEA
      were strongly inhibited by much lower concentrations of clorgyline and deprenyl,
      respectively. Plateau-shaped inhibition curves by these inhibitors were obtained
      with tyramine as the substrate. These results indicate that both the A- and B
      form of MAO appear to be uniformly distributed in monkey brain, and the A-form of
      MAO represents approximately 35% and 50% of the total MAO activity in
      mitochondria and synaptosomes, respectively.

PMID- 6431161
TI  - Effect of lipopolysaccharide (from Escherichia coli) on the hepatic drug
      metabolizing activities in successively LPS-treated mice.
AB  - The effect of an acute or a successive administration of endotoxin
      (lipopolysaccharide obtained from Escherichia coli, LPS) on the hepatic drug
      metabolizing system in vivo and in vitro was examined in mice. An acute LPS (5
      mg/kg, i.v.) administration or a successive LPS (5-20 mg/kg, i.p., a day for 6
      days) administration prolonged the duration of pentobarbital sleeping time and
      reduced the rate of hepatic microsomal metabolism of pentobarbital, aminopyrine,
      aniline and cyclophosphamide and reduced cytochrome P-450 content as compared
      with those in the control mice. No change of these parameters, however, was
      observed by an acute treatment with LPS to the successively LPS-treated mice. In
      addition, the LD50's of aminopyrine and pentobarbital and the ED50 of aminopyrine
      were reduced by an acute administration of LPS in control mice. No change of both
      parameters, however, was observed in the successively LPS-treated mice with or
      without an acute administration of LPS.

PMID- 6431162
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity of sera from gastric cancer patients.
AB  - Sera from 60 gastric cancer patients and 20 patients with benign gastric diseases
      and 8 healthy controls were tested for inhibitory effects on the humoral response
      to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by the plaque forming cell assay (PFC R.I.) using
      mouse spleen cells and on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis of
      normal mouse spleen cells (PHA S.R.). Gastric cancer patient sera showed a
      significantly lower PFC R.I. than did sera from benign gastric disease patients
      and from the healthy controls. However, there was no appreciable interstage
      difference in the degree of depression. The PHA-induced blastogenesis of normal
      spleen cells was also decreased in the presence of sera from cancer patients, as
      compared to that in the presence of sera from benign disease patients and from
      the healthy controls. The depression progressed with advancing stage of cancer.
      The PHA S.R. showed significant negative correlations with serum levels of IAP,
      IS, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 1-antitrypsin, but there were no such
      correlations between PFC R.I. and these glycoproteins in serum. There was also no
      correlation between the values of the PHA S.R. and the PFC R.I. These results
      suggest that these two assays may depict immunosuppressive activities operating
      through entirely different mechanisms.

PMID- 6431163
TI  - Iron deficiency anemia caused by a giant jejunal diverticulum.
AB  - We treated a patient with a jejunal diverticulum with a rare complication of iron
      deficiency anemia. The anemia was improved following resection of the
      diverticulum. It was revealed that the iron deficiency anemia was due to the
      malabsorption caused by the jejunal diverticulum.

PMID- 6431164
TI  - Combination chemoimmunotherapy for advanced gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were treated with a
      combination chemo-immunotherapy regimen that consisted of active immunotherapy
      with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) treated autologous tumor cells admixed
      with BCG and drugs including cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C (MMC) and 5
      fluorouracil, followed by long term tegafur (FT) and immunomodulators. This
      treatment significantly improved survival rate of patients in Stages III, IV and
      unresectable or recurrent carcinoma, compared to that of historical controls. As
      compared to controls treated with MMC followed by long term FT and
      immunomodulators concurrently, survival rate of those in Stage III tended to
      improve (P less than 0.1) and survival rate at 4.5 years in Stage III was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.01), although it was not improved in Stage
      IV. In patients with unresectable or recurrent tumor, survival time was not
      significantly lengthened with this therapy when compared with that in patients
      given BCG alone in the same treatment schedule (CCI-BCG group). However, none of
      19 patients in CCI-BCG group survived more than 15 months, although 4 of 28
      patients receiving this therapy survived. These results suggest that this
      combination chemo-immunotherapy is effective for a selected group of patients
      with advanced gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 6431165
TI  - Intra-arterial administration of heated albumin microspheres containing mitomycin
      C to rabbits with VX-2 tumor.
AB  - In an attempt to enhance antitumor effects, we prepared heated albumin
      microspheres containing mitomycin C (MMC). These MMC microspheres have an average
      diameter of 45 +/- 8 micrometers and contain about 5 per cent of MMC. The intra
      arterial MMC microsphere treatment, for albino rabbits with implanted VX-2 tumor,
      increased remarkably the tissue MMC levels, compared to that with conventional
      MMC, and resulted in conspicuous antitumor efficacy. This approach to antitumor
      chemotherapy should be effective for selected patients with malignant tumor
      receiving a blood supply from an end-artery.

PMID- 6431166
TI  - A 10% mannitol solution effective for colonic preparation for X-ray.
AB  - Hydroelectrolytic changes, the time of action and complications induced by oral
      administration of 10 per cent mannitol solution in the colonic preparation for X
      ray examination were examined. Twenty-six patients were examined using two
      different solution volumes: one liter in 15 patients and two liters in 11
      patients. No significant biochemical changes were noted. X-ray study of the colon
      revealed an insufficient evacuation in 3.8 per cent, sufficient in 7.6 per cent,
      and good in 88.6 per cent of cases. In 6 per cent nausea and vomiting occurred,
      in 11.7 per cent abdominal distention, and in 7.6 per cent hypotension. This
      approach was well tolerated, particularly when one liter of the solution was
      used.

PMID- 6431167
TI  - [Function of blood monocytes in bronchial asthma--numerical changes and beta
      galactosidase activity].

PMID- 6431168
TI  - [A case of surgical treatment for intrathoracic meningocele without
      neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6431169
TI  - Interferon production in non-immune and immune mice after Toxoplasma infection.

PMID- 6431170
TI  - Polyamines as mediators of estrogen action on the growth of experimental breast
      cancer in rats.
AB  - The role of polyamines as mediators of the mitogenic effect of 17 beta-estradiol
      (E2) was investigated in the N-nitrosomethylurea [(NMU) CAS: 684-93-5; N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea]-induced Sprague-Dawley rat mammary tumor grown in the soft agar
      clonogenic assay under serum-free medium conditions. Inhibition of polyamine
      biosynthesis with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) (1 mM), an irreversible
      inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely blocked the growth-promoting
      effect of E2 (10(-8) M) in this system. Exogenous administration of putrescine
      (2.5 mM), spermidine (0.1 mM), and spermine (0.1 mM) reversed the inhibitory
      effect of DFMO and completely restored the action of E2. These polyamines,
      however, had no effect on tumor growth when they were added alone in identical
      concentrations. The results indicate that polyamines are essential but probably
      not sufficient in mediating the E2 effect on the growth of the NMU-induced
      mammary tumor under these experimental conditions.

PMID- 6431171
TI  - Chromosome aberrations induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene in bone marrow
      cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar Kyoto (WKY)
      rats: time course and site specificity.
AB  - The frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) induced by iv injection of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [(DMBA) CAS: 57-97-6] was examined with the use of
      control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR
      appear to be analogous to hypertensive humans, since evidence has been reported
      of a difference in tumor susceptibility between SHR and WKY strains. Injection of
      DMBA evoked CA in bone marrow cells of both SHR and WKY rats. The frequency of CA
      in SHR was significantly higher than in WKY rats at 12 and 18 hours after DMBA
      treatment. With regard to the relative frequencies of aberrations in SHR and WKY
      rats, chromosomes 1 and 2 were more susceptible to DMBA-induced CA. The
      proportion of breaks that occur in the "hot spot" at 6 hours after DMBA treatment
      was distributed nonrandomly at a site approximately 40% of the total length from
      the centromere in chromosome 1 and at lengths of approximately 30 and 55% in
      chromosome 2. The specific distribution of CA seemed to be caused by a cell cycle
      specific effect. These results, confirming nonrandom CA induced by DMBA in bone
      marrow cells of WKY rats, are similar to previous reports in which Long-Evans
      rats were used. Thus they indicate that a common mode of action by DMBA at the
      chromosome level in rat bone marrow cells was observed in different strains and
      that SHR were more sensitive than WKY rats to CA induced by DMBA.

PMID- 6431172
TI  - [Investigation on failures in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with
      rifampicin. Tuberculosis Research Committee. RYOKEN].

PMID- 6431173
TI  - [Effect of temporary sequential atrioventricular electrocardiostimulation on
      hemodynamics].
AB  - A comparative study of the hemodynamic parameters in 22 patients with coronary
      heart disease and chronic atrioventricular block, Stage II and III, showed a
      favourable hemodynamic effect of atrioventricular versus ventricular
      electrocardiostimulation. Tests with isometric and nitroglycerin loads may be
      used to identify patients in the most urgent need for atrioventricular
      electrocardiostimulation.

PMID- 6431174
TI  - Opsonic antibodies of healthy human sera against some opportunistic pathogens.

PMID- 6431175
TI  - [Content and distribution of histamine in the retina and optic nerve. II. Results
      and discussion].

PMID- 6431176
TI  - Increased fructose-lysine of nail protein in diabetic patients.
AB  - Fructose-lysine, which is formed by binding glucose to lysine, is degraded on
      acid hydrolysis into furosine. Furosine was determined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography according to the method of Schleicher et al. Furosine values were
      significantly higher in diabetic patients than in healthy subjects, and
      significantly correlated with haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) values. These results suggest
      that furosine, like HbA1, may become an indicator of long-term blood glucose
      control in diabetic patients and be useful in investigating diabetic
      complications on the level of tissue.

PMID- 6431177
TI  - Chronic oesophageal fistulation for studying oropharyngeal and gastric influences
      on ingestive behaviour in the pigeon.
AB  - Surgical and postoperative procedures were developed in the pigeon to study the
      influence of oropharyngeal and postingestional factors in the control of food and
      water intake. Pigeons were prepared with an oesophageal fistula so that material
      swallowed emerged from a tube exteriorized at the neck. Nutrient solutions were
      injected into the lower portion of the oesophagus through a feeding tube inserted
      in the fistula. A postoperative tube-feeding regimen, using commercially
      available laboratory chow, was established to maintain the pigeon at its
      preoperative weight.

PMID- 6431178
TI  - A survey of the pathology of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) derived from a
      marmoset breeding unit.
AB  - The results of a survey of the major pathological conditions encountered in an
      established breeding colony of common cotton-eared marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
      is presented. 265 home-bred and 70 imported wild-caught marmosets were examined.
      A Heinz body haemolytic anaemia and skeletal muscle myopathy were the most common
      pathological findings and were considered to be a result of a complex nutritional
      deficiency involving vitamin E, selenium and protein. Inflammatory disease of the
      intestinal tract was also a major feature. Chronic colitis was particularly
      common in older marmosets. Pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and brain
      abscesses were important pathological findings in home-bred marmosets and were
      commonly associated with bacterial infections, particularly Bordetella
      bronchiseptica and Klebsiella species. Trichospirura leptostoma within pancreatic
      ducts of wild-caught marmosets was the only significant parasitic disease
      encountered. Mycotic infections of the upper alimentary tract with Candida
      species were occasional findings in debilitated animals. No pathological features
      suggesting viral diseases were found.

PMID- 6431179
TI  - Craniofacial growth in young marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - A cross-sectional study of craniofacial growth in young marmosets was performed.
      Selected linear craniofacial measurements were obtained from groups of 5 animals
      of each sex at 3 monthly intervals from birth to 1 year. These data provide a
      baseline for comparison with other colonies and in the assessment of teratogens
      on craniofacial development.

PMID- 6431180
TI  - An outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a small indoor breeding
      colony of red-bellied (Saguinus labiatus) tamarins.
AB  - A spontaneous outbreak of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
      serotype IIB occurred in a small indoor breeding colony of red-bellied tamarins
      (Saguinus labiatus) during the winter of 1981. Of 35 monkeys at risk 6 died of an
      acute or subacute infection over a period of 23 days. Clinical signs were
      anorexia, weakness, listlessness and depression. The disease was characterized by
      focal necrosis of the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, ulcerative
      enteritis, and the presence of colonies of Gram-negative bacilli in the lesions.
      Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes
      and kidney but not from the blood, lung or intestine. Contaminated food was
      believed to be the source of infection.

PMID- 6431181
TI  - An evaluation of tribromoethanol (TBE) as an anaesthetic agent in the Mongolian
      gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Mongolian gerbils injected i.p. with a 1.25% solution of tribromoethanol (TBE)
      quickly lost the righting reflex and showed good surgical anaesthesia, the
      duration of which was positively related to the dose administered. All levels
      (225-450 mg/kg bodyweight) of TBE injected s.c. resulted in loss of the righting
      reflex, though surgical anaesthesia was not attained. Following recovery from
      anaesthesia induced with 2.25% TBE i.p., or high doses of 1.25% TBE i.p.,
      visceral adhesions and deaths occurred. To avoid these TBE-induced fatalities
      such extreme care must be taken during the preparation, storage and
      administration of the agent that it is not recommended as a suitable anaesthetic
      for general use in the gerbil.

PMID- 6431182
TI  - An outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a colony of common
      marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - An outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia occurred in a breeding colony
      of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). 16 animals, all except one under 12
      months of age, died suddenly. Extensive lesions of pneumonia and pleurisy were
      found at necropsy and B. bronchiseptica was isolated from the nasopharynx,
      trachea and lungs. Older animals had only a mild rhinitis. Colonization of the
      nasal mucosa occurred in 71 of 156 marmosets.

PMID- 6431183
TI  - Tail lesions in C3H/He mice.
AB  - C3H/He mice obtained from different suppliers developed tail lesions shortly
      after arrival. Histologically no inclusion bodies could be shown. A serological
      survey of diseased mice was negative for those viruses which may cause skin
      lesions. The disease could not be transmitted to healthy mice and no virus could
      be cultured from the skin lesions. It is concluded that the syndrome was induced
      by stress, in this case transport from the United Kingdom to the Netherlands.

PMID- 6431184
TI  - Canine tooth root infection as a cause of facial abscess in the common marmoset
      (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - Facial abscesses in a colony of common marmosets were found to be caused by
      abscessation of an upper canine tooth root. Trauma to the upper canine, resulting
      in exposure of the pulp cavity, was thought to be the mode of infection.
      Radiography was the most useful diagnostic aid in establishing the nature and
      extent of the lesion. Antibiotic therapy alone was inadequate, and provision of
      drainage by extracting the tooth, in conjunction with antibiotics, proved the
      most effective treatment.

PMID- 6431185
TI  - Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset
      (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex.
AB  - Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were
      calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex
      on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with
      age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex
      differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in
      younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with
      increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and
      further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects
      were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase,
      malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate
      amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.

PMID- 6431186
TI  - The effect of haemolysis on some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset
      (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - The effect of haemolysis on the levels of commonly analysed plasma constituents
      was investigated in the common marmoset. Results were divided into a) low levels
      of extra haemolysis (less than 2 g/l plasma haemoglobin) and b) high levels of
      extra haemolysis (greater than 2 g/l plasma haemoglobin). Mean changes in plasma
      constituent levels were examined and the correlation with increased haemolysis
      measured. Large changes in malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were
      found at low levels of haemolysis. With higher levels of haemolysis there were
      statistically significant changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase,
      isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, bilirubin, aspartate
      aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. The significance of these findings
      is considered in relation to the interpretation of changes of plasma constituents
      as indicators of tissue/organ damage.

PMID- 6431187
TI  - Morphological assessment of testicular maturity in marmosets (Callithrix
      jacchus).
AB  - The onset of spermatogenesis in relation to age, bodyweight and testes weight in
      105 marmosets used in safety studies has been reviewed. The histological
      recognition of adverse effects on spermatogenesis is an important part of these
      studies and this survey indicates that male marmosets should be at least 50 weeks
      and preferably 60 weeks of age if an assessment of all stages of spermatogenesis
      is required for safety evaluation.

PMID- 6431188
TI  - Alloantibody to a sex-influenced esterase in rats (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - An antiserum to a serum protein from female ACI rats was produced in DONRYU rats
      by alloimmunization. The serum protein reacting with this antiserum was shown to
      be a sex-influenced esterase which is identified by zymogram techniques. Evidence
      for this is as follows: this protein migrated in the albumin region on agarose
      gel immunoelectrophoresis and was not present in sera from mature males; all rats
      possessing the protein were sex-influenced esterase in sera specifically
      disappeared after treatment with this antiserum. The attempt in ACI rats to
      produce antiserum to the esterases from DONRYU rats was unsuccessful.

PMID- 6431189
TI  - Euthanasia of small laboratory animals.

PMID- 6431190
TI  - The fetal and postnatal development of small intestinal disaccharidases in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The development of small intestinal enzymes (lactase, acid- and hetero beta
      galactosidases, cellobiase, maltase, trehalase, and sucrase) was studied from 18
      days after conception until birth in 24 rabbit fetuses, and during the postnatal
      period in 15 newborn, juvenile, and adult rabbits. Lactase, acid- and hetero beta
      galactosidases, cellobiase, and trehalase activities increased significantly
      during the fetal stage, while changes in sucrase and maltase activities were not
      substantial. In the postnatal period, lactase and cellobiase activities decreased
      significantly whereas maltase, sucrase, and trehalase activities increased
      significantly to reach adult values by 30 days of age. The acid- and hetero beta
      galactosidases remained unchanged.

PMID- 6431191
TI  - Reproductive performance of three species of Callitrichidae.
AB  - The reproductive performance of three species of Callitrichidae housed under
      identical conditions, including relatively spacious caging and visual screening,
      was compared. The three species were Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus fuscicollis,
      and Saguinus oedipus. Callithrix jacchus was the most reliable breeder, with the
      lowest percentage of stillborn and the highest post-weaning survival. While the
      reproductive performance of S oedipus was better than that generally reported for
      other colonies, the reproductive performance of the Saguinus species was still
      poorer than that of C jacchus. The two Saguinus species did not differ
      significantly in either percentage of stillborn or post-weaning survival. None of
      the species showed infertility due to lactation, but the mean inter-birth
      interval was significantly longer for S oedipus than for either C jacchus or S
      fuscicollis.

PMID- 6431192
TI  - Serum biochemical, hematological and body measurement data for common marmosets
      (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).
AB  - Blood samples were drawn and body measurements taken from healthy adult and
      juvenile common marmosets which had been housed under controlled environmental
      conditions for a minimum of 2 years. Blood was analyzed for serum biochemical and
      hematological constituents.

PMID- 6431193
TI  - Total pancreatectomy in dogs.
AB  - Total pancreatectomy in dogs has been an important laboratory maneuver for
      studies of the apancreatic state and transplantation. The shared blood supply of
      the pancreas and duodenum has been difficult to address surgically in a way which
      would preserve the duodenum. A duodenal branch of the gastroduodenal artery has
      been identified which can support the duodenum when the pancreaticoduodenal
      arcade is resected. Preservation of this artery in 80 dogs permitted complete
      pancreatectomy with minimal blood loss and allowed resection of the
      pancreaticoduodenal vessels. Preservation of the blood supply to the pancreas
      until the very end of the procedure was rewarded by excellent viability of the
      tissue. A few technical considerations make this a rather simple procedure which
      is easily taught. The postoperative management of apancreatic animals is greatly
      facilitated by utilizing this minimally traumatic procedure which has negligible
      blood loss.

PMID- 6431194
TI  - Polymerization of human transcortin in plasma.
AB  - Using radial immunodiffusion and antiserum raised against purified transcortin,
      polymers of native transcortin have been identified in plasma. They are
      characterized by multiple precipitin bands, the size of which diminishes on
      dilution, consistent with reversibility of this form of polymer.
      Spectrophotometric scans have been used to study the time course of
      polymerization in purified transcortin, in which dilution reversibility can be
      demonstrated also, and in which disaggregation may be produced by addition of
      sodium dodecyl sulphate and dithiothreitol, but apparently not by cortisol.

PMID- 6431195
TI  - Studies on cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal enzymes of testicular androgen
      and estrogen biosynthesis in a urodele amphibian, Necturus.
AB  - The microsomal fraction isolated from the testis of the urodele amphibian,
      Necturus maculosus, is very rich in cytochrome P-450 and three cytochrome P-450
      dependent steroidogenic enzyme activities, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C-17, 20-lyase,
      and aromatase. In this study, we investigated aspects of these reactions using
      both spectral and enzyme techniques. In animals obtained at different points in
      the annual cycle, Necturus testis microsomal P-450 concentrations ranged from 0.6
      1.8 nmol/mg protein. Substrates for the three enzymes generated type I difference
      spectra; progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone appeared to bind to one P
      450 species while the aromatase substrates, androstenedione, 19
      hydroxyandrostenedione, and testosterone, all bound to another P-450 species.
      Spectral binding constants (Ks) for these interactions were determined. Michaelis
      constants (Km) and maximum velocities were determined for progesterone 17 alpha
      hydroxylation, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone side-chain cleavage, and for the
      aromatization of androstenedione, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione, and testosterone.
      Measured either by spectral or kinetic methods, progesterone, androstenedione,
      and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione were high affinity substrates (Ks or Km less than
      0.3 microM), while 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone were low
      affinity substrates (Ks or Km = 0.6-4.8 microM). As evidence for the
      participation of cytochrome P-450 in these reactions, carbon monoxide was found
      to inhibit each of the enzyme activities studied. The activity of NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase, a component of cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions, was
      also high in Necturus testis microsomes.

PMID- 6431196
TI  - Clathrin lattice reorganization: theoretical considerations.
AB  - We wish to postulate a mechanism by which flat hexagonal lattices of clathrin
      trimers transform into coated pits. Using an established model for packing
      trimers into lattices, we explored the assembly process by single addition of
      trimers to form polygons. Subject to favorable conditions, removal of a single
      trimer from a hexagon could lead to the formation of a pentagon. Elimination of
      trimers from polygonal sheets can occur either at the center of the network or at
      the edges. Removal of a trimer from the center of these adjacent polygons, "hub
      transformation," is possible in very few instances, whereas removal from the
      edges of a polygonal sheet, "fringe transformation," is possible in a host of
      cases. These hypothetical constructs can be used effectively to explain
      intermediate structures actually observed in flat hexagonal lattices. The
      geometry of a purely hexagonal lattice seems to dictate that the first step in
      transformation must be a "fringe transformation," which then will allow
      subsequent "hub transformation" to take place leading to the introduction of
      pentagons into the center of the lattice and ultimately to the curvature of the
      clathrin lattice.

PMID- 6431197
TI  - Antibacterial activity of Achyrocline flaccida.

PMID- 6431198
TI  - Increased levels of circulating HLA-DR antigen in sera of patients with acute
      lymphoblastoid leukemia.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies that define HLA-DR antigen bind to a variety of human
      tumors, such as Burkitt lymphoma and melanoma cells grown in vitro and with the
      spent medium of these cultures. Two radioimmunoassays have been developed to
      detect HLA-DR antigen circulating in human sera. The inhibition assay is based on
      the inhibition of binding of monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR to the target
      preparation; the double-determinant assay traces antigen bound by a solid-phase
      monoclonal antibody by the use of a second 125I-labeled antibody. Twenty-six of
      39 sera from patients with acute lymphoblastoid leukemia, 2 of 29 sera from
      patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and 5 of 31 sera from patients with
      advanced metastatic melanoma showed increased levels of HLA-DR antigen, whereas
      none of 28 sera from patients with other malignancies had increased levels of HLA
      DR antigen, and only 2 of 155 sera from healthy donors bound monoclonal
      antibodies to HLA-DR at detectable levels. The detection of circulating HLA-DR
      antigen in sera of cancer patients may be useful in monitoring patients with
      certain malignancies.

PMID- 6431199
TI  - Biologic properties of factor-independent nonadherent hematopoietic and adherent
      preadipocyte cell lines derived from continuous bone marrow culture.
AB  - Cell lines dependent for growth upon an inducer T-cell synthesized glycoprotein
      factor interleukin-3 have been derived from continuous mouse bone marrow
      cultures. These factor-dependent (FD) lines have been shown to be multipotential
      (erythroid/basophil/neutrophil) or (eosinophil/basophil/neutrophil); or are
      unipotent basophil or neutrophil granulocyte cell lines. Both classes of cloned
      FD lines have maintained self-renewal in vitro for several years with absolute
      growth dependence on freshly added IL-3. In four instances, factor-independent
      (FI) variant cell lines were derived, one by subculture in medium containing
      hydrocortisone and 25% horse serum and three by evolution of variants from cloned
      FD lines. One class of (FI) lines demonstrated adherent fibroblast-like
      morphology with differentiation to differentiated adipocytes in medium containing
      10(-5) hydrocortisone. A second class of cell lines evolved from cloned FD lines
      and each grew in suspension culture to a saturation density over 10-fold greater
      than that for the parent FD line (greater than 10(7)/ml) and each contained no
      detectable hematopoietic cellular differentiation markers by histochemistry or
      cell surface receptors. In contrast to IL-3 dependent cell lines, (FI) cell lines
      failed to differentiate to mature granulocyte morphology in diffusion chambers in
      vivo. The FI cell lines formed no detectable CFUs in vivo, did not reconstitute
      hematopoiesis in irradiated mice and did not form tumors in vivo. The failure of
      the (FI) lines to form tumors and lack of detectable hematopoietic
      differentiation capacity indicates that these lines may represent an intermediate
      state between normally regulated hematopoietic cellular self-renewal and
      malignant transformation.

PMID- 6431200
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of human plasmacytoma cells prepared on affinity beads
      after exposure to anti-idiotype antibodies.
AB  - Mononuclear cells from a bone marrow infiltrated by plasmacytoma cells were
      examined by electron microscopy. An analysis was performed according to different
      cytoarchitectural forms of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Six types of plasma
      cells could be distinguished. The bone marrow cells were treated with an anti
      idiotype antiserum from a guinea pig prepared against the patient's monoclonal
      serum protein and with a FITC conjugated anti-guinea pig antiserum from the
      rabbit as second layer. Then the cells were passed through an affinity gel column
      with anti-FITC antibodies. The original preparation and the cells separated on
      the affinity gel were analysed by electron microscopy. It was found that an
      ultrastructurally distinct type of plasma cell was enriched 3.5-fold over the
      original sample by the separation procedure.

PMID- 6431201
TI  - The supportive care plan--its meaning and application: recommendations and
      guidelines. The Task Force on Supportive Care.

PMID- 6431202
TI  - P-cell stimulating factor and interferon-gamma: T-cell lymphokines with multiple
      targets.

PMID- 6431203
TI  - DRGs and the practice of psychiatry.

PMID- 6431204
TI  - DRGs in psychiatry. An empirical evaluation.
AB  - On October 1, 1983, Medicare began paying general hospitals by a prospective
      payment system based on DRGs. Psychiatric settings are exempted automatically or
      by request. By January 1985, however, a decision is required on how to integrate
      psychiatric settings into this system. This article provides an empirical
      analysis of the current DHHS DRGs categories for mental disorders. Current mental
      disorder DRGs and alternate DRGs examined here explain less than 3-12% of the
      variation in psychiatric length of stay. This is in contrast to 30-50% explained
      variation for other disorders. Alternatives and policy implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 6431205
TI  - [Changes in arterial blood gases after hemodialysis and the influence of platelet
      antiaggregation].

PMID- 6431206
TI  - [In vitro activity of azthreonam (SQ 26.776) against Gram-negative bacteria].

PMID- 6431207
TI  - Blood coagulation and coagulation tests.
AB  - The hemostatic mechanism has evolved to provide efficient protection from
      traumatic blood loss and yet maintain the blood in a fluid state in the
      circulation as a whole. Recent advances in biochemistry have provided both
      detailed understanding of hemostasis and clinically useful coagulation assays to
      exploit this understanding. Clinicians now have the means to delineate most of
      the hemostatic problems of clinical significance.

PMID- 6431208
TI  - Congenital bleeding disorders: hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - Treatment of hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease has become easier in recent
      years because of the development of more effective factor replacement products.
      The median age and the life expectancy of patients with hemophilia have risen
      markedly, as has the median age at death.

PMID- 6431209
TI  - Management of the immunocompromised host.
AB  - This article deals with the management of the immunocompromised host. Mechanisms
      of immunocompromise include alterations in skin and mucosal barriers, normal oral
      and intestinal flora, splenic function, and number or function of T cells, B
      cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. Discussed in this article are ways for
      maintaining those defenses not altered by the primary disease, minimizing the
      environmental risks to the patient, anticipating potential infections in order to
      institute appropriate prophylactic measures, and diagnosing and aggressively
      treating infections as they occur.

PMID- 6431210
TI  - An enzymatic approach to biotransformation.
AB  - An overall scheme for the biotransformation of organic compounds by routes other
      than hydrolysis of possible ester bonds is presented. Both phase I (oxidative)
      and phase II (conjugative) biotransformation reactions are discussed on an enzyme
      by enzyme basis. Whenever possible pesticides are used as examples of the
      mechanisms by which enzyme activities alter chemical structure
      (biotransformation) as well as the ways in which chemicals themselves can effect
      enzyme activities.

PMID- 6431211
TI  - Early clinical pharmacological trials with a new anti-epileptic, milacemide,
      using pharmaco-EEG and psychometry.
AB  - In a double-blind placebo-controlled study the encephalotropic and psychotropic
      properties of milacemide (CP 1552 S) - a new derivative of glycine showing anti
      convulsant action by increasing GABA concentrations and endogenous glycine pools
      in the brain - were studied in 12 normal subjects by means of quantitative EEG
      and psychometric analyses. They received randomized in weekly intervals single
      oral doses of 400 mg, 800 mg and 1600 mg milacemide, placebo as well as 600 mg
      sodium valproate and 1600 mg piracetam as reference compounds. EEG recordings and
      monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and side effects were done at the hours,
      0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8. Psychometric tests were performed at the hours 0, 2, 4, 6
      and 8. Computer-assisted spectral analysis of the EEG showed significant effects
      of milacemide on the central nervous system (CNS) as compared with placebo,
      characterized by an attenuation of the delta activity as well as by an
      acceleration of the centroid of the slow activity but also of the total activity
      after all 3 doses. In addition, we noted an increase of beta activity after 400
      mg, an increase of alpha activity after 800 mg, as well as an increase of alpha
      activity but decrease of beta activity after 1600 mg. These alterations, also
      seen after 600 mg sodium valproate, are reminiscent of quantitative EEG changes
      described after anti-epileptic drugs used in the treatment of Petit mal or
      generalized non-convulsive epilepsy. Moreover, they are also indicative of
      improvement in "vigilance" in the sense of Head which was also seen at the
      behavioural level specifically after the lowest doses of milacemide, as
      psychometric test demonstrated an improvement in attention, concentration,
      psychomotor activity and after-effect (indicating CNS-activation) as measured by
      means of the Archimedean spiral. This beneficial influence on performance
      declined with increasing doses. Evaluation of pulse, blood pressure and side
      effects demonstrated good tolerance after all administered substances. The
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 6431212
TI  - The effects of mesterolone, a male sex hormone in depressed patients (a double
      blind controlled study).
AB  - Based on computer EEG (CEEG) profiles, in high doses, antidepressant properties
      of mesterolone, a synthetic androgen, were predicted. In a double-blind placebo
      controlled study, the clinical effects of 300-450 mg daily mesterolone were
      investigated in 52 relatively young (age range 26-53 years, mean 42.7 years) male
      depressed outpatients. During 6 weeks of mesterolone treatment, there was a
      significant improvement of depressive symptomatology. However, since an
      improvement was also established during the placebo treatment, no statistically
      appreciable difference in the therapeutic effects of mesterolone was established
      compared to placebo. Mesterolone treatment significantly decreased both plasma
      testosterone and protein bound testosterone levels. Patients with high
      testosterone levels prior to treatment seem to have had more benefit from
      mesterolone treatment than patients with low testosterone levels. The degree of
      improvement weakly correlated to the decrease of testosterone levels during
      mesterolone treatment.

PMID- 6431213
TI  - Occasional review--HLA and leprosy: a re-evaluation.

PMID- 6431214
TI  - Effect of a potent gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist on pulsatile
      testosterone and gonadotropin secretion in the male nonhuman primate.
AB  - A potent gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist [Ac-delta 3Pro1,
      pFDPhe2, DTrp3,6]-GnRH was given to adult male monkeys to determine the acute
      effect on pulsatile testosterone and gonadotropin secretion. Blood was drawn at
      30 min intervals over 54 h without anesthesia using a mobile vest and tether
      assembly to support an indwelling catheter. After a 6 h control period, 0.1, 1.0,
      2.0, 4.0 mg GnRH antagonist/kg bw in 1 ml corn oil sc, was given to intact adult
      male monkeys. The highest dose of GnRH antagonist decreased circulating
      testosterone within 6 h and for approximately 24-36 h duration. These data
      demonstrate that this GnRH antagonist can reduce serum testosterone both acutely
      and for intervals greater than 24 h and that the effective dose in intact animals
      is several-fold (up to 20 times) greater than in castrate animals.

PMID- 6431215
TI  - Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of monoclonal anti-digoxin antibodies.
AB  - Eleven hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal anti-digoxin antibody have been
      produced. They are primarily gamma heavy chain and kappa light chain molecules.
      Affinity constants for digoxin range from 2 X 10(6) to 3.5 X 10(8) liters/mole.
      Fine specificity analysis using a series of digoxin congeners demonstrates that
      an unsaturated lactone ring attached to the aglycone at the C-17 position is
      necessary for hapten recognition. The impact of other changes in digoxin's
      structure on antibody binding were also studied. DNA hybridization analysis
      demonstrates that there are at least three different variable region gene
      arrangements used to produce the heavy chains of the different hybridoma
      antibodies. Correlations between antigen binding characteristics and antibody V
      gene arrangements are demonstrable.

PMID- 6431216
TI  - Release of dopamine, noradrenaline and dopamine B-hydroxylase from mouse
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - The murine C1300 neuroblastoma tumor was found to secrete dopamine, noradrenaline
      and dopamine B-hydroxylase into the circulation of tumor-bearing A/J mice. The
      plasma levels of dopamine, noradrenaline and dopamine B-hydroxylase increased
      with the size of the tumor, and the increase in noradrenaline paralleled the
      increase in dopamine B-hydroxylase (r = 0.86). The vesicular storage of dopamine
      and noradrenaline in the tumor was evidenced by a decrease of the tissue content
      of dopamine and noradrenaline 24 hours after the administration of reserpine (5
      micrograms/g) respectively to 17.6% and 7.8% of control values. A similar
      observation could be made for the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the
      plasma of reserpinized C1300 mice. The total activity of dopamine B-hydroxylase
      in the tumor and in plasma was unaffected by the reserpine treatment. Chronic
      administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (100 micrograms/g for 8 days) had no effect
      on the tissue contents of dopamine, noradrenaline or dopamine B-hydroxylase. The
      release of catecholamines and dopamine B-hydroxylase from the C1300 neuroblastoma
      was studied in vitro on superfused tumor slices. Stimulation of these slices with
      56 mM KC1 or with 5.10(-5) M tyramine failed to induce the release of endogenous
      dopamine, noradrenaline or dopamine B-hydroxylase above the basal outflow levels.
      These results are suggestive for a non-exocytotic release of catecholamines and
      dopamine B-hydroxylase from the neuroblastoma tumor.

PMID- 6431217
TI  - Stimulatory effect of peptide histidine isoleucine amide 1-27 on prolactin
      release in the rat.
AB  - Intravenous injection of pure peptide histidine isoleucine amide 1-27 (PHI)
      resulted in a prompt and significant increase of plasma prolactin (PRL) in
      conscious freely-moving male rats. Using a perifusion system of rat anterior
      pituitary tissues in vitro, effluent PRL levels were also increased by 10(-8)-10(
      7) M PHI. A PRL releasing potency of PHI was almost similar with that of
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or TRH both in vivo and in vitro. Coupled
      with the recent immunocytochemical studies showing the dense network of PHI
      immunoreactive fibers around the hypophysial portal vessels, PHI might be another
      candidate for PRL releasing factor.

PMID- 6431218
TI  - Effects of cyclopropene fatty acids on the lipid composition of the Morris
      hepatoma 7288C.
AB  - Fatty acids of Sterculia foetida were added to the medium used to maintain the
      Morris hepatoma 7288C in culture. The effect of this supplement on the lipid
      composition was examined. Overall, monoene levels were decreased with 18:1 levels
      reduced by 40%. Saturated fatty acid levels were increased, with stearate (18:0)
      levels 220% of control values. No effect occurred on the level of polyunsaturates
      (18:2, 20:4, 22:5, 22:6). These changes in fatty acid makeup were observed in
      both neutral and phospholipid fractions, and all lipid classes were affected.
      Triglycerides were most affected with a 66% decrease in 18:1. There appeared to
      be little specificity of effect in the phospholipids with 18:1 levels decreased
      40-60% in all classes. All classes were therefore dependent on an endogenous
      supply of 18:1. Examination of the distribution of geometrical isomers of 18:1
      reveals that in all lipid classes, except diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), the ratio
      of delta 11 to delta 9 isomer decreased toward the isomeric distribution
      displayed by total medium lipids. In DPG, although 18:1 levels were lowered, the
      isomeric distribution increased. DPG, synthesized and found in the mitochondria,
      may use a separate pool of 18:1 during synthesis. Cyclopropene fatty acids
      (sterculic and malvalic) were incorporated into both neutral and phospholipid
      fractions with preferential incorporation into triglycerides. Cyclopropene fatty
      acids were not selectively incorporated into any phospholipid species.
      Sphingomyelin did not incorporate cyclopropene fatty acids, indicating that a
      different class of acyltransferase is used in the formation of this phospholipid
      class.

PMID- 6431219
TI  - Plasma creatinine levels in diabetic ketosis: spurious elevation of levels using
      a kinetic reaction in a discrete analyser.

PMID- 6431220
TI  - [Radioimmunological method for determining Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the urine of
      urological patients].

PMID- 6431221
TI  - Validity of CO2-rebreathing cardiac output during rest and exercise in young
      adults.
AB  - To validate the CO2-rebreathing method ( Defare 's method) for estimating cardiac
      output in children and young adults, measurements were compared to thermodilution
      ( TDCO ) cardiac output in 16 subjects (age 7-19 yr) with congenital heart
      disease. Data were collected at rest (N = 11) and during 4-min stages of supine
      bicycle exercise (N = 13). Estimated arterial-venous (-v-a)CO2 content
      differences related linearly to the measured CO2 content difference (Y = 0. 29X +
      2.47, r = 0.65, P less than 0.001). With this (v-a)CO2 difference correction for
      all patients (N = 16), the correlation between CO2-rebreathing cardiac output and
      the TDCO was r = 0.87 (SEE = +/- 1.8 l X min-1). The correlation was higher for
      exercise (r = 0.81) than for rest (r = 0.65). We conclude that the CO2
      rebreathing method, with a (v-a)CO2 content difference adjustment, is a simple,
      noninvasive technique providing estimates of cardiac output in children and young
      adults with congenital heart disease. Individual estimates should be treated with
      caution, especially when used for clinical evaluations.

PMID- 6431222
TI  - [Morbidity of Chagas' disease. II - Sectional studies in 4 field areas in
      Brazil].

PMID- 6431223
TI  - [Efficacy of moxalactam in the treatment of purulent meningitis caused by
      Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis].

PMID- 6431224
TI  - [Research on Listeria monocytogenes in soils].

PMID- 6431225
TI  - Ossification of the paravertebral ligaments: a frequent complication of
      hypoparathyroidism.
AB  - Various forms of paravertebral ligamentous ossification (PVLO) were detected
      radiologically in 9 (53%) of 17 consecutive patients with hypoparathyroidism. A
      significant correlation was found between the period during which the patient was
      untreated and the incidence of ossification. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate,
      and their ionic product appeared not to influence the incidence. All the patients
      with PVLO exhibited evidence of ectopic calcification. The fact that ectopic
      ossification, which is histologically distinct from ectopic calcification, is
      frequently associated with hypoparathyroidism suggests that similar pathogenetic
      mechanisms are responsible for the development of these two conditions. The high
      incidence of PVLO in hypoparathyroid patients in this study may explain some of
      the neurologic findings in hypoparathyroidism that have been hard to explain
      simply on the basis of altered neuromuscular excitability.

PMID- 6431226
TI  - Effect of different detergent systems on the molecular size of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase and other microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - Mouse liver microsomes were solubilized in various detergent systems, and the
      resulting aggregate structures associated with cytochrome P-450, cytochrome c
      reductase, and UDP glucuronosyltransferase were sized by gel filtration
      chromatography. Cholate or its derivative, CHAPS, in combination with Emulgen 911
      or Lubrol 12A9 were necessary to generate a particle of about 140 k daltons, the
      smallest structure associated with cytochrome P-450. Cholate or CHAPS alone was
      sufficient to generate a minimally sized aggregate of 200 k daltons associated
      with NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. Cholate in combination with Emulgen
      911 or Lubrol 12A9 generated particles of about 280 k daltons associated with UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity. CHAPS alone also generated similarly sized
      particles under conditions in which UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity toward 1
      naphthol and morphine was two to about twenty times greater, respectively, than
      with the combination of detergents. This finding suggests that the zwitterionic
      CHAPS is superior to other detergent systems for studies concerned with the
      purification of transferase enzymes, a microsomal system in which investigation
      of the number of different forms has been hampered by the instability of the
      enzyme upon solubilization and subsequent manipulation.

PMID- 6431227
TI  - Characterization of penicillin-resistant beta-lactamase producing-strains of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Spain (1978-81).

PMID- 6431228
TI  - [Activity of the ciliate Onychodromus acuminatus against vaccinia virus added to
      the medium of the protozoan].

PMID- 6431229
TI  - Conjugal plasmids in group D streptococci.
AB  - 159 strains of group D streptococci isolated from clinical specimens were
      examinated for plasmids content. Our objective was to study some characters
      carried by plasmids: drug-resistance, hemolysins and bacteriocin activity. 73,6%
      of the strains were antibiotic resistant and in 69% of these, the drug-resistance
      was transferable by conjugation. In mating of S. faecalis subsp. zymogenes
      strains we could also isolate three different types of transconjugants in
      hemolytic activity. The interpretation of this observation was facilitated by the
      research of bacteriocin activity. We also classified the bacteriocins found in
      our strains into different types.

PMID- 6431230
TI  - Positive selection of colicin cured cells by mitomycin C in Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.
AB  - A colicinogenic strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae (MirM7cx) was treated with
      chemical and physical agents in an attempt to cure it from colicin. Mitomycin C
      was the only agent able to eliminate the extrachromosomal element from the
      strain. A simple method to isolate colicin cured cells of K. pneumoniae is
      described.

PMID- 6431231
TI  - Inhibition of histamine-induced protein leakage in rat skeletal muscle by
      blockade of prostaglandin synthesis.
AB  - The effects of two prostaglandin synthesis blockers, indomethacin and mefenemic
      acid, on both histamine-induced extravasation of albumin and arteriole dilation
      were studied using intravital fluorescent microscopy. Sprague-Dawley rats (140
      180 g) were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50mg/Kg) and the cremaster muscle
      was positioned in a Krebs bath (pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, PO2 = 35 mm Hg, temp =
      34 degrees). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin was injected
      intravascularly and the fluorescent image of the cremaster microcirculation was
      produced by illumination from an argon laser (488 nm). Videotape analysis of the
      experiments showed that increasing concentrations of histamine in the bath
      produced both a concentration-dependent arteriole dilation and a concentration
      dependent leakage of labeled albumin into the interstitium. Adding indomethacin
      (10 or 100 micrograms/ml) or mefenemic acid (10 micrograms/ml) to the Krebs bath
      significantly diminished the protein leakage induced by histamine but did not
      alter the arteriole dilation. These results indicate that prostaglandins may be
      directly involved in the histamine-induced increase in vascular permeability to
      macromolecules but not in the arteriole dilation histamine produces.

PMID- 6431232
TI  - Use of the CO2 laser in otolaryngology.

PMID- 6431233
TI  - CO2 lasers in urology.

PMID- 6431234
TI  - The use of the laser in plastic surgery.

PMID- 6431235
TI  - Laser and anesthesia.

PMID- 6431236
TI  - 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl (NP) acetyl-hapten specific lymphocyte proliferation. I.
      Mice bearing Igh-1b allotype can cross-react with 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl
      (NIP) acetyl hapten.
AB  - Hapten specific T cell proliferation was induced in several strains of mice. When
      lymph node T cells from 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-keyhole lympet hemocyanin
      (NP-KLH)-primed mice were stimulated in vitro with NP-polymer glutamic acid
      lysine-phenyl alanine (NP-GL phi) or NP-ovalbumin (NP-OVA), they displayed a good
      level of proliferative responses. It was observed that NP-GL phi could induce NP
      hapten specific proliferation even with NP-KLH lymphocytes from GL phi
      nonresponder strains. NP-KLH primed lymphocytes from C57BL/6 (H-2b, Igh-1b), CKB
      (H-2k, Igh-1b), CWB (H-2b, Igh-1b), and B10.BR (H-2k, Igh-1b) mice showed good
      proliferative responses to both 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl (NIP) acetyl-GL
      phi and NIP-OVA antigens. However, NP-KLH primed lymphocytes from C3H/He (H-2k,
      Igh-1j) and C3H. SW (H-2b, Igh-1j) mice displayed poor proliferative responses to
      NIP-GL phi and NIP-OVA antigen. These results suggested that the gene coding for
      the NIP-cross-reaction might be mapped in the Ig heavy-chain linked locus.

PMID- 6431237
TI  - Immunomodulation by Tetrahymena pyriformis.

PMID- 6431238
TI  - [Free mycolic acids of the cells of coryneform and Nocardia-like bacteria].
AB  - The composition of free mycolic acids was studied in the cells of Brevibacterium
      ammoniagenes ATCC 6871, B. flavum 22, B. stationis ATCC 14403, Corynebacterium
      divaricatum ATCC 14020 and Rhodococcus maris IMV 195. The acids are a mixture of
      saturated and unsaturated compounds with the total number of carbon atoms from 32
      to 36 and the number of C atoms in the alpha-chain from 10 to 15.

PMID- 6431239
TI  - [Effect of plasmids from various incompatibility groups on the development of
      bacteriophages specific to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida].
AB  - The aim of this work was to study the effect of plasmids belonging to different
      incompatibility groups on the growth of bacteriophages in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      and Pseudomonas putida strains. The growth of bacteriophages was shown to be
      limited most often due to the presence in cells of plasmids belonging to the P-2
      incompatibility group. Plasmids of the Inc P-2 group differed from one another in
      the spectrum of bacteriophages whose growth they limited. Phages whose growth was
      suppressed in strains containing plasmids of the P-5, P-9 or P-10 incompatibility
      groups were found. Some plasmids showed no specific interaction with
      bacteriophages. The plasmids investigated differed in the studied trait in P.
      aeruginosa and P. putida cells. In contrast to P. aeruginosa PAO, P. putida PpGI
      plasmid containing cells did not maintain the growth of donor-specific
      bacteriophages and, to a lesser degree, limited the growth of phages specific for
      P. putida PpGI.

PMID- 6431240
TI  - [Conditions for initiating heat stress in Pseudomonas geniculata].
AB  - The heating of Pseudomonas geniculata 338 at an elevated temperature causes a
      heat stress in the culture. The extent of the stress depends on the temperature
      and duration of heating. The incubation of the bacterium at 40 and 45 degrees C
      did not inhibit its growth after 30 min of heating, and no essential quantities
      of intracellular compounds absorbing at 260 nm were lost (E260 increased by 12
      19%). When the bacterium was heated at 50 degrees C for the same period of time,
      a three-hour lag-phase appeared during the subsequent cultivation of the
      bacterium whereas. E260 rose by a factor of 1.7. The resistance of the bacterium
      to heating depended on the physiological state of the culture: cells at the
      logarithmic growth phase were most susceptible to heating while the bacterium
      became more resistant to heating in the course of aging. The addition of NaCl at
      a concentration of 1.5% or of 10(-3)-10(-4) M EDTA to the reparation medium makes
      it possible to estimate the population of bacterial cells in the state of stress.

PMID- 6431241
TI  - [Action of dehydration on the survival, morphology and ultrastructure of the
      conidia of air-borne and culture collection strains of Aspergillus niger and
      Penicillium chrysogenum].
AB  - The effect of dehydration on the morphology and fine structure of conidia was
      studied with the atmospheric and collection strains of Aspergillus niger and
      Penicillium chrysogenum. Dehydration did not cause changes in the structure of
      most conidia. However, destructive changes in the conidial wall and membrane were
      found in some conidia. The cytological changes of conidia were either reversible
      or irreversible, which determined their survival rate during dehydration.

PMID- 6431242
TI  - [Agents of acute juvenile bacterial meningitis and the importance of bed-side
      culture].
AB  - In order to certify the significance of the bedside culture in acute bacterial
      meningitis (ABM), the results of CSF cultures performed at the bedside and in the
      laboratory were compared in 66 children with ABM. The etiologic agents were
      isolated in 83% of bedside cultures and in 62% of laboratory cultures. N.
      meningitidis was isolated from bedside cultures in 30 patients, 14 of these have
      failed to grow in laboratory cultures. There was no difference between the two
      methods for the isolation of bacteria other than N. meningitidis. Consequently,
      it can be said that the bedside culture is the most reliable culture method in
      ABM especially due to N. meningitidis.

PMID- 6431243
TI  - Gastrointestinal illness associated with imported brie cheese--District of
      Columbia.

PMID- 6431244
TI  - Antigenic analysis of recent influenza A(H1N1) viruses.

PMID- 6431245
TI  - Acute occupational exposure to sulfur dioxide--Missouri.

PMID- 6431246
TI  - Syphilis--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6431247
TI  - Investigating problems with respirators.

PMID- 6431248
TI  - Acute schistosomiasis with transverse myelitis in American students returning
      from Kenya.

PMID- 6431249
TI  - Influenza virus activity--Texas, 1983-1984 season.

PMID- 6431251
TI  - Update: incidence of low birth weight.

PMID- 6431250
TI  - Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with birth defects.

PMID- 6431252
TI  - Human rabies--Texas.

PMID- 6431254
TI  - Brain cancer--Texas.

PMID- 6431253
TI  - Cutaneous nocardiosis in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy injections-
      Bahamas.

PMID- 6431255
TI  - Plague pneumonia--California.

PMID- 6431256
TI  - Premature labor and neonatal sepsis caused by Campylobacter fetus, subsp. fetus-
      Ontario.

PMID- 6431257
TI  - School health assessment, planning, and evaluation project--New York City.

PMID- 6431258
TI  - [Toxic effects of endotoxin perfusion on isolated rat bowel].
AB  - The isolated small bowel from duodenojejunal junction to ileocecal junction with
      intact SMA and SMV was perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution intraluminally in rat.
      After all the branches from aorta and portal vein other than SMA and SMV were
      ligated, aorta and portal vein were cannulated and perfused with Krebs-Dextran
      solution. The isolated perfused bowel was transferred immediately to the chamber
      equipped with constant temperature and humidity. For the purpose of studying the
      direct toxicity to the bowel tissue, B4 endotoxin (Difco) was added to
      intravascular perfusate. Significant physiological and chemical changes listed
      below were observed as compared with those of the control group which was
      perfused with endotoxin free perfusate. Active transport of D-glucose was
      decreased. Net entry of water into the gut lumen was decreased. pH in
      intravascular fluid was significantly decreased. Lactic acid level in
      intravascular fluid was significantly high, which was well correlated with pH
      change. O2 consumption change was not marked, but CO2 accumulation in
      intravascular perfusate was significant. These were the results of the toxic
      effects of endotoxin on the rat bowel.

PMID- 6431259
TI  - [Experimental combination chemo-radiotherapy on human breast carcinoma (MX-1)
      transplanted into nude mice].
AB  - Experimental combination chemo-radiotherapy of mitomycin C (MMC) and Linac
      irradiation was performed on human breast carcinoma transplanted into nude mice.
      The treatment was started on 2 wks. after tumor inoculations and the effects were
      evaluated by T/C ratio of the tumor weight. Cell kinetic analysis was studied by
      flow cytometry, 3H-thymidine uptake labeling index (L.I.) and mitotic index
      (M.I.) on 24 hrs. after treatments. Effect of MMC (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) and
      irradiation (500, 1000 and 2000 rads/mouse) revealed exponential linear dose
      response curves against T/C ratio which was significantly correlated with L.I. In
      combination therapy, the synergistic action was observed when 500 rads/mouse and
      1 mg/kg were combined, and the effect was found to be more excellent when the
      radiation was performed 24 hrs. before MMC administration than the reversed
      sequence. By MMC and radiation, 2n and 3n cells increased with decrease of 4n
      cells. Whereas no change of M.I. was observed, L.I. was depressed. Increased 3n
      cells with depressed L.I. was supposed to be caused by S phase prolongation. As
      this change was more remarkable by radiation, the combination therapy was thought
      to be more effective when the radiation was performed before MMC administration.
      This nude mice-human tumor system was thought to be useful to analyze the
      combination chemoradiotherapy.

PMID- 6431260
TI  - Increased biliary GSSG efflux from rat livers perfused with thiocarbamide
      substrates for the flavin-containing monooxygenase.
AB  - Thiourea, phenylthiourea, and methimazole perfused into rat liver stimulated the
      biliary efflux of GSSG without affecting the excretion of GSH into either the
      bile or the caval perfusate. The thiocarbamide moiety appears essential, since
      perfusion with urea, phenylurea, or N-methylimidazole did not stimulate GSSG
      release. Hydrogen peroxide is also not an obligatory intermediate, since
      thiocarbamide-induced GSSG efflux was undiminished in livers from selenium
      deficient animals. The response was also not affected by N-benzylimidazole, a
      potent cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, which suggests that this monooxygenase is not
      involved. However, the results are consistent with a model based on S-oxygenation
      of thiocarbamides to formamadine sulfenates catalyzed exclusively by the flavin
      containing monooxygenase. The resulting sulfenate is reduced by GSH, yielding
      GSSG and the parent thiocarbamide. Rapid cellular oxidation of GSH by this
      mechanism leads to biliary efflux of the disulfide.

PMID- 6431261
TI  - Effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine incorporation on eukaryotic DNA
      template function.
AB  - 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) incorporates into DNA, and the extent
      of this incorporation correlates significantly with inhibition of DNA synthesis.
      The incorporated ara-C residue provides a poor primer terminus for further chain
      elongation. There is a highly significant relationship between formation of (ara
      C) DNA and loss of clonogenic survival. The present studies confirm that
      incorporation of ara-C into DNA, and not the competitive inhibition of DNA
      polymerase, is responsible for inducing lethal cellular events. The results also
      demonstrate that the incorporated ara-C residue is not excised from the DNA
      strand. Furthermore, the presistence of ara-C residues in DNA inhibits recovery
      of DNA synthesis following exposure to drug. The relative DNA chain-terminating
      effect of ara-C provides several mechanisms of action that explain
      internucleotide and chain terminus positioning of ara-C residues, reinitiation of
      previously replicated DNA segments, and DNA strand or chromosomal breaks. The
      precise mechanism of action is dependent upon dose scheduling of this drug.

PMID- 6431262
TI  - Membrane-disordering potency and anticonvulsant action of valproic acid and other
      short-chain fatty acids.
AB  - The cell membrane-disordering potencies of sodium valproate, the sodium salts of
      other short-chain fatty acids, and ethanol were compared using fluorescence
      polarization with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Valproate was about 7
      times more potent in fluidizing synaptosomal plasma membranes than ethanol, a
      prototypic disordering agent. The disordering potency of the straight-chain fatty
      acids pentanoate through octanoate increased by a factor of 2.2 with each
      additional methylene group. The sedative potencies of the drugs were assessed by
      determining the brain concentration at which Swiss Webster mice lost the ability
      to balance on a stationary wooden dowel. Relative anticonvulsant potency was
      measured by determining the ED50 for protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced
      seizures and then determining the brain levels of drug that were actually
      achieved at the time of seizure protection. The ability of the fatty acids and
      ethanol to disorder membranes in vitro correlated closely with their ability to
      cause sedation and protect mice against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. These
      data suggest that valproic acid might exert some of its effects by disordering
      brain cell membranes--the proposed mechanism of action of ethanol and the general
      anesthetics.

PMID- 6431263
TI  - Fractionation of the gene-size macronuclear chromatin fragments of the
      binucleated eukaryote Oxytricha.
AB  - The macronuclear chromatin of Oxytrichia nova consists of chromatin fragments
      which are fully soluble in 0.2 mM EDTA and whose DNA length varies from 500-25
      000 bp. The DNA migrates electrophoretically as a series of discrete bands, with
      specific genes present in only one or a few bands. The chromatin fragments are
      composed of nucleosomes and migrate electrophoretically in proportion to their
      DNA length. These results suggest schemes for the fractionation of undigested
      chromatin in order to enrich for specific genes, facilitating analysis of changes
      in chromatin structure associated with changes in gene expression.

PMID- 6431264
TI  - The phospholipid requirement for Rho(D) antigen activity: mode of inactivation by
      phospholipases and of protection by anti-Rh0(D) antibody.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested a membrane phospholipid requirement for Rho(D)
      antigen activity. Isolated erythrocyte membranes incubated with phospholipase A2
      from both bee venom and porcine pancreas undergo loss of Rh antigen activity. The
      mode of attenuation of this antigen activity as indicated by double-reciprocal
      binding plots suggests substantial loss of sites accompanied by an apparently
      increased association constant. In the presence of anti-Rho(D), but not anti-A,
      bound to group A Rho(D)-positive membranes prior to hydrolysis, there is marked
      protection: almost complete preservation of sites at the expense of a decreased
      association constant. This pattern of protection is not seen with phospholipase
      C, which cleaves the polar headgroup in contrast to the A2-enzymes, which
      hydrolyze the fatty acid in the 2-position. Analysis of the products of digestion
      shows a trend to protection of bulk phospholipids of all major classes in the
      presence of bound specific antibody. The hydrophobic fatty acid chain may be the
      site with which the bound anti-Rho(D) antibody is in closest proximity.

PMID- 6431265
TI  - A refined model for the variable domains (Fv) of the J539 beta(1,6)-D-galactan
      binding immunoglobulin.
AB  - A refined protocol for building a hypothetical model of the J539 Fv is described.
      Computer programs for positioning amino acid side chains and structure energy
      minimization [CHARMM program of Brooks et al., J. comp. Chem. 4, 187-217 (1983)]
      were employed. Computer modeling was accomplished on an Evans and Sutherland
      picture system which permitted structure visualization in three dimensions.
      Peptide backbone breaksites were rejoined by monitoring for correct distances and
      torsion angles. A physical model was then constructed and used as a basis for
      further refinements such as aligning conformations around remodeled sites,
      adjusting proline substitutions and optimizing hydrogen-bond-forming potentials.
      This structure (J539-ADO) was energy minimized and the final coordinates were
      obtained from the energy-refined model. The resulting hypothetical J539 structure
      can be compared to the structure of J539 now being determined by X-ray
      crystallography. The procedures described can be used for other Fv fragments.

PMID- 6431266
TI  - Immunoglobulin-mediated shifting of immune complexes to increased complement
      dependent solubility and immunoadherence.
AB  - The effect of a monomeric polyclonal polyspecific IgG preparation (mIgG) for i.v.
      use on the capacity of fresh normal human serum (NHS) to inhibit precipitation of
      immune complexes of tracer-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA (aBSA)
      rabbit antibody was investigated. Relative to heat-inactivated serum which showed
      no capacity to inhibit immune complex precipitation (CIICP), fresh NHS at a final
      dilution of 1:3 or 1:2 showed a 12 and 46% CIICP, respectively, with a BSA:aBSA
      ratio at equivalence. Addition of incremental amounts of mIgG dose-dependently
      enhanced CIICP of NHS to reach 63 and 90%, respectively, at a concn of 13.0 mg/ml
      mIgG. Human serum albumin instead of mIgG had no influence on CIICP of NHS
      indicating that the phenomenon was not dependent on non-specific protein-protein
      interactions. Although minimal amounts of BSA cross-reactivity could be
      demonstrated in mIgG, the extent of this activity was too small to explain the
      CIICP-supporting effect of mIgG as determined by comparing the effect of mIgG and
      aBSA serum on CIICP of fresh serum. Furthermore, absorption of mIgG on BSA
      Sepharose did not lead to impairment of its CIICP-supporting effect. A direct
      binding of tritium-labeled mIgG (3H-mIgG) to either insoluble BSA:aBSA complexes
      or latex-bound IgG (IgG-latex) was found. Incubation of 2.7 micrograms 3H-mIgG
      with 90 micrograms IgG-latex resulted in a specific binding of 5.2% of the
      labeled compound. Such binding could be inhibited by unlabeled mIgG. Binding of
      mIgG was mediated through the Fab as well as the Fc part of the molecules: the 3H
      Fc as well as the 3H-Fab fragment of mIgG bound to IgG-latex. The extent of
      binding of Fc was more than twice that of Fab and amounted to 70-90% of the
      binding found with intact mIgG. In an immune adherence hemagglutination system
      that depends on the interaction of complement-reacted immune complexes with C3b
      receptor-bearing erythrocytes, evidence was obtained that the mIgG preparation
      facilitated fixation of C3b to performed BSA:aBSA complexes. Addition of 1.45
      mg/ml mIgG reduced the quantity of antigen-complexed C3b-bearing aBSA antibodies
      required to show a given agglutination by a factor of 3-4. We conclude that the
      facilitating effect of high doses of mIgG on complement-dependent CIICP of NHS
      and on immune adherence hemagglutination is the amplifying effect of complement
      after an initial interaction of antigen-nonspecific polyclonal polyspecific IgG
      with antigen-reacted antibody.

PMID- 6431267
TI  - Antisera against catecholamines: specificity studies and physicochemical data for
      anti-dopamine and anti-p-tyramine antibodies.
AB  - Antibodies against dopamine and p-tyramine were raised in rabbits. The two
      catecholamines were conjugated to albumin by glutaraldehyde. The specificity of
      the antibodies was established by equilibrium dialysis competition experiments
      using an immunoreactive tritiated derivative synthesized by coupling dopamine or
      p-tyramine to N-alpha-acetyl-L-lysine N-methylamide with glutaraldehyde. Hence,
      these radiolabelled ligands mimicked the antigenic determinant of conjugated
      immunogens. A comparison of the data obtained showed the high specificity of each
      antiserum for its hapten coupled by glutaraldehyde. The anti-dopamine antibodies
      recognized dopamine-glutaraldehyde but not p-tyramine-glutaraldehyde. The
      opposite occurred for the anti-p-tyramine antibodies. A slight modification of
      the molecular structure provided the opportunity for a specific response against
      that molecule. But this difference was more important when related to the hapten
      region where the antibody affinity was maximal. The cross-reactivity was observed
      to be more important dopamine and p-tyramine than between dopamine and
      noradrenaline on the one hand and between p-tyramine and dopamine than p-tyramine
      and octopamine on the other hand.

PMID- 6431268
TI  - A search for site-filling ligands in the Mcg Bence-Jones dimer: crystal binding
      studies of fluorescent compounds.
AB  - In trigonal crystals grown in 1.9 M ammonium sulfate buffered at pH 6.2, the Mcg
      light-chain (Bence-Jones) dimer has a highly aromatic binding cavity accessible
      to a wide range of hydrophobic and aromatic ligands. A search was made for site
      filling ligands by diffusing compounds into the crystals and determining their
      locations, orientations and relative occupancies by difference Fourier analysis
      at 2.7-A resolution. 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate, a small ligand in
      comparison with the rest of the series, initially occupied a site in the main
      binding cavity. With time, however, this ligand changed its position to the deep
      binding pocket beyond the floor of the main cavity. The original binding site
      remained vacant, despite the presence of a large excess of ligand in the soaking
      solution. Ligands increasing in size from fluorescein to bis(N-methyl)acridine
      (lucigenin) to dimers of carboxytetramethylrhodamine were found to bind with
      stringent stereospecificity in the main cavity, but the mode of binding was
      different in each case. The dimer of the 6-isomer of carboxytetramethylrhodamine,
      in which the two carboxyl groups are in para positions on the phenyl moiety,
      proved to be an effective site-filling ligand. The differences in the binding
      properties of dimers of 5- and 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine led to an
      explanation for isomeric discrimination in the binding site. There were extensive
      conformational changes in the binding cavity to accommodate the ligands,
      particularly 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine. The second and third hypervariable
      loops proved very flexible, and moved in ways to expand the binding site. The
      side chains of key tyrosine and phenylalanine residues in the site were also
      highly mobile. Their orientations adjusted to optimize complementarity with the
      ligands. These conformational adjustments are consistent with the tenets of a
      limited neo-instructive theory of ligand binding.

PMID- 6431269
TI  - Characterization of antigenic polypeptides of the RNP, Sm and SS-B nuclear
      antigens from calf thymus.
AB  - Antinuclear autoantibodies are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. The RNP, Sm and
      SS-B nuclear antigens from calf thymus in whole tissue, nuclear extracts and
      fractions have been studied by using different techniques including
      immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and protein blotting. Such studies
      were done in order to obtain a precise characterization of the polypeptide
      components of those antigens. From our results it can be established that: one
      69.8 Kd polypeptide (for whole tissue and nuclei) and a number of well-defined 32
      38-Kd polypeptides (for nuclear extracts and ammonium sulfate fractions) show an
      antigenic character against anti-RNP sera; anti-Sm sera from different patients
      show in all cases a variable component of antigenic polypeptides, including one
      28.8, 29.7 Kd doublet and two singlets of 14.8 and 11.0 Kd; and a 52.0-Kd SS-B
      antigenic polypeptide is found for whole tissue, which is gradually degraded in
      nuclei and nuclear extracts to a more stable 47.1-Kd polypeptide.

PMID- 6431270
TI  - Lymphocyte differentiation and its microenvironment in the human thymus during
      aging.

PMID- 6431271
TI  - Polypeptide induction by recombinant human IFN-gamma.
AB  - Partially purified natural human IFN-gamma has been shown to induce the synthesis
      of a set of unique polypeptides that are not induced by comparable amounts of IFN
      alpha and IFN-beta. In addition, a set of polypeptides is induced in common by
      all three IFNs. The present study utilized a pure recombinant IFN-gamma and a
      monoclonal antibody against IFN-gamma to investigate whether the unique
      polypeptide-inducing properties previously reported are due to IFN-gamma itself.
      With the possible exception of two polypeptides, the results demonstrate
      conclusively that IFN-gamma is the sole molecular species responsible for the
      induction of all polypeptides, including those whose induction pattern is unique
      to IFN-gamma. Very high doses of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta induce some of the latter
      set of polypeptides to a limited extent. Thus the differential effects of IFN
      gamma compared to IFN-alpha and IFN-beta are, in part, quantitative rather than
      qualitative in nature.

PMID- 6431272
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups: physician and abstractor reliability and financial
      significance of errors.

PMID- 6431273
TI  - Prostaglandin synthase-catalyzed metabolic activation of some aromatic amines to
      genotoxic products.
AB  - Cultured human fibroblasts were incubated with different aromatic amines in the
      presence of different activation systems and the induction of strand breaks in
      fibroblast DNA was studied. In the presence of ram seminal vesicle microsomes and
      arachidonic acid, DNA strand breaks were induced by 2-naphthylamine, 2,4
      diaminotoluene and 4-methoxy-m-phenylenediamine. This effect was decreased when
      the prostaglandin synthase of the ram seminal vesicle microsomes was inhibited.
      The data suggest that metabolic activation catalyzed by prostaglandin synthase
      may be of importance in the formation of genotoxic products by certain urinary
      tract carcinogens.

PMID- 6431274
TI  - Effect of Japanese seaweed (Laminaria angustata) extracts on the mutagenicity of
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, a breast carcinogen, and of 3,2'-dimethyl-4
      aminobiphenyl, a colon and breast carcinogen.
AB  - Animal model studies suggest that diets containing Laminaria angustata, a brown
      seaweed commonly eaten in Japan, inhibit breast carcinogenesis. In order to
      identify the compound(s) in the seaweed responsible for tumor-inhibiting
      activity, we used Ames/mammalian microsome assay system to determine the
      antimutagenic (or anticarcinogenic) effect of various solvents and water extracts
      of Laminaria angustata. The antimutagenic effects of acetone, ether, chloroform,
      chloroform + methanol, hot water and cold water extracts on the mutagenicity
      induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a breast carcinogen, and 3,2'
      dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB), a colon and breast carcinogen, was studied using
      the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. All extracts were nonmutagenic
      in both bacterial tester strains. The addition of 10-100 mg solvent extracts of
      seaweed/plate greatly inhibited DMAB-induced mutagenicity in both tester strains
      (80-96% inhibition) and DMBA-induced mutagenicity in TA100 (about 82%), whereas
      hot and cold water extracts produced a moderate inhibition in a dose-related
      manner in both strains.

PMID- 6431275
TI  - Quality and frequency patterns of gamma- and neutron-induced visible mutations in
      Drosophila spermatozoa.

PMID- 6431276
TI  - Kinetics of micronucleus formation in relation to chromosomal aberrations in
      mouse bone marrow.
AB  - A simulation analysis of the kinetics of micronucleus formation in polychromatic
      erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow was performed after a single administration of
      3 chemicals--mitomycin C (MMC), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C)--with different modes of action. The time
      response patterns in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei
      after treatment with each chemical were compared and subjected to the simulation
      study with 3 parameters. Two of them, the time between the final mitotic
      metaphase of the erythroid series and nucleus expulsion (T1), and the duration of
      the polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) stage in the bone marrow (T2), were almost
      identical for the 3 chemicals. However, the coefficients of formation rate of
      micronucleated cells resulting from cells with chromosomal aberration(s) (k)
      differed: Ara-C differed from the other two. These results indicate that
      chromosomal aberrations, especially chromatid breaks and probably gaps, induced
      by this chemical, effectively contribute to micronucleus formation. The DNA
      content of micronuclei was also compared to the length of acentric fragments
      induced by Ara-C and it was found that their distributions were comparable. These
      findings strongly suggest that chromosomal aberrations induced by chemicals are
      essential events for the induction of micronuclei in the PCE of bone marrow.

PMID- 6431277
TI  - DNA lesions, chromosomal aberrations and G2 delay in CHO cells cultured in medium
      containing bromo- or chloro-deoxyuridine.
AB  - Experiments have been performed to investigate whether BrdUrd- and CldUrd
      substituted DNA contains lesions causing a delay in cell-cycle progression and
      induction of chromosomal aberrations. The presence of lesions has been determined
      directly by alkaline sucrose gradient and nucleoid sedimentation analysis and
      indirectly by screening for induced chromosomal aberrations. The influence of
      inhibitors of DNA repair (caffeine and 3-aminobenzamide) or DNA synthesis
      (hydroxyurea) on the frequencies of such aberrations has been estimated. It is
      found that BrdUrd and CldUrd are cytotoxic when present in DNA. No randomly
      located DNA breaks could be detected under neutral conditions, but BrdUrd
      substituted DNA was found to contain numerous alkali-labile sites. CldUrd at high
      concentrations causes G2 delay, similar to the action of known DNA-damaging
      agents. The extent of delay depends on the pattern of incorporation of the
      analogue, i.e., incorporation for two cell cycles causes the longest delay,
      growth for 12 h in CldUrd followed by 12 h in dThd-containing medium causes a
      lesser delay and the delay is not significant when the cells are incubated in the
      analogue for only 12 h prior to fixation. Numerous chromatid type aberrations are
      present in cells incubated at the highest CldUrd concentration, and their
      induction follows the pattern of induction of G2 delay, indicating the sharing of
      a common lesion. Caffeine, 3-aminobenzamide and hydroxyurea increase the number
      of chromosomal aberrations when added 2 h before fixation. The significance of
      these results is discussed.

PMID- 6431278
TI  - Alkaline elution of rat testicular DNA: detection of DNA strand breaks after in
      vivo treatment with chemical mutagens.
AB  - The alkaline elution technique was used to measure DNA strand breaks in rat
      testes after intraperitoneal injection of several chemicals known to cause
      heritable mutations in rodents. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl
      methanesulfonate, methylnitrosourea, and ethylnitrosourea all produced single
      strand breaks in rat testicular DNA. For both of these pairs of homologous
      alkylating agents the relative potency was methyl analog greater than ethyl
      analog. Strand breaks produced by MMS appeared rapidly (within 2 h) in rat
      testicular DNA and were partially repaired within 24 h. Studies with low doses of
      MMS indicate that the assay has the sensitivity to detect DNA strand breaks in
      the testis after a dose of only 5 mg/kg. Variability in DNA elution profiles for
      individual control animals and for individual animals given identical doses of
      MMS was small. In contrast to the results with known mutagens, intraperitoneal
      injection of nonmutagens such as dimethyl sulfoxide, phenol, and Triton X-15, did
      not produce strand breaks in testicular DNA. These data indicate that this assay
      detects DNA strand breaks in the rat testis. The results for several heritable
      mutagens and nonmutagens are qualitatively predictive of mutagenic activity in
      the testis.

PMID- 6431279
TI  - Chromosome mutation tests for mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. A report of
      the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program.
AB  - The term 'chromosome mutations' was chosen and defined for this review to refer
      to alterations of chromosome structure (reciprocal, heritable translocations), of
      chromosome number (loss or gain of a whole chromosome), or of chromosome content
      (loss or gain of a part of a chromosome). Chromosome mutations may result from
      chromosome breakage (clastogenesis) and its consequences or from disruption of
      chromosome behavior during cell division (nondisjunction). State-of-the-art
      protocols are outlined to test for heritable translocations, for whole-or partial
      chromosome loss (clastogenesis), and for whole chromosome loss or gain
      (nondisjunction). The literature up to 1980 was reviewed and 106 papers were
      selected for the evaluation of 116 chemicals for one or more chromosome mutation
      end points. The criteria used for acceptance of data from the literature were not
      stringent, as most of this work was done some time ago and for purposes other
      than testing. The main criterion was that germ cell stage sampling was correct.
      For the evaluation of the accepted data, numerical requirements were set up,
      using as a guide the control data from all the papers. Compounds were classified,
      when possible, as mutagenic (+) or nonmutagenic (-). Those not classifiable,
      usually due to insufficient numbers of chromosomes tested, were listed as
      inconclusive (inc). Of 61 compounds tested for heritable translocations, 27 were
      positive, 8 were negative, and 26 were inconclusive. Of the 35 with conclusive
      data, only 21 also have definitive carcinogenesis classifications (all positive).
      Of these, 19 were deemed mutagenic, which gives agreement of 90.5%. Of the 76
      compounds tested for clastogenesis by the chromosome loss test, 26 were positive,
      13 were negative, and 37 were inconclusive. Of the 39 with conclusive data, only
      20 also have definitive carcinogenesis classifications. 15 of the 19 carcinogens
      were positive. Four of the carcinogens were negative and 1 noncarcinogen was
      positive, for an overall agreement of 75%. Of 44 compounds tested for
      nondisjunction, 15 were positive, 13 were negative, 16 were inconclusive. Of the
      28 compounds with conclusive data, only 9 have definitive carcinogenesis
      classifications (all positive). Five of these were deemed negative and agreement
      was only 44%. It should be noted that these data do not fairly represent these
      short-term tests as conducted with current protocols. A more equitable comparison
      could be achieved with planned experiments that include the sex-linked recessive
      lethal (SLRL) test in the comparison.

PMID- 6431280
TI  - Genotoxicity of apomorphine and various catecholamines in the Salmonella
      mutagenicity test (Ames test) and in tests for primary DNA damage using DNA
      repair-deficient B. subtilis strains (rec assay).
AB  - Apomorphine, N-nor-N-propyl-apomorphine, dopamine, L-DOPA, 6-hydroxydopamine and
      adrenaline were evaluated for genotoxicity using the Ames test and DNA repair
      deficient and DNA repair-proficient Bacillus subtilis strains (rec assay,
      H17/M45; HLL3g/HJ-15). In the absence of an S9 liver homogenate, apomorphine
      induced frame-shift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, mainly in strain TA1537;
      no indication of DNA-damaging effects in B. subtilis was observed. N-Nor-N-propyl
      apomorphine was tested using strain TA1537 only and found to be mutagenic.
      Dopamine, L-DOPA, 6-hydroxydopamine and adrenaline were non-mutagenic when tested
      without S9, whereas they were all more toxic for DNA repair-deficient than for
      DNA repair-proficient B. subtilis strains, indicating a DNA-damaging potential.
      In a second set of experiments the mode of action of apomorphine and the
      relevance of the positive Ames test data were investigated. Glutathione in
      physiological concentrations reduced the mutagenic effect of apomorphine in a
      dose-dependent way, both in the presence and the absence of S9. S9 also reduced
      the mutagenicity of apomorphine. By comparing the effects of a complete S9 mix
      with those of a preparation without glucose-6-phosphate and NADP, it became clear
      that S9 also had an activating effect, overshadowed under standard conditions by
      its deactivating activity. Apomorphine was not mutagenic under anaerobic
      conditions. Superoxide dismutase and catalase reduced the mutagenic effect of
      apomorphine. All test conditions which reduced the mutagenic effect also
      inhibited the dark discoloration of the tester plates, indicating a retardation
      of apomorphine oxidation. It can, therefore, be concluded that oxidation of
      apomorphine leads to mutagenic products which induce frame-shift mutations in
      Salmonella typhimurium. This oxidation was prevented both by glutathione in
      concentrations well below physiological levels and/or by catalase and superoxide
      dismutase. Under these conditions, apomorphine was non-mutagenic in therapeutic
      concentrations as well as at higher dose levels. The possibility of genotoxic
      side effects occurring in patients treated with apomorphine as an emetic drug is
      therefore considered to be very unlikely.

PMID- 6431281
TI  - [Activity of various Candida antigens preparations in the lymphocyte
      transformation test and double radial immunodiffusion in agar gel].

PMID- 6431282
TI  - Major surface proteins and antigens on the different in vivo and in vitro forms
      of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - The surface proteins of six stages of Trypanosoma cruzi were labeled by Iodogen
      catalized surface iodination and analyzed by one and two dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These stages included bloodstream
      trypomastigotes, culture-form trypomastigotes, amastigotes, staphylomastigotes,
      epimastigotes, and metacyclic trypomastigotes. Antigens recognized by serum
      antibodies were detected by Western blotting against serum from mice
      hyperimmunized against bloodstream trypomastigotes. Bloodstream trypomastigotes,
      culture-form trypomastigotes and staphylomastigotes contained several surface
      proteins of molecular weight (Mr) 90 000 and isoelectric points (pI) between 5.0
      and 7.5. Western blotting reveals that at least two proteins of 90 000 Mr
      represent the major antigens seen on bloodstream trypomastigotes, culture-form
      trypomastigotes, staphylomastigotes and amastigotes. However, a 90 000 Mr protein
      was not detected by either Western blotting or surface iodination on
      epimastigotes or metacyclic trypomastigotes. The major surface proteins on these
      latter two stages were represented by several 72 000 Mr proteins with pI values
      between 5.2 and 5.8. An interesting result of this survey is that a 90 000 Mr
      surface antigen was present on staphylomastigotes, a stage which can be grown in
      cell free medium.

PMID- 6431283
TI  - Purine salvage in Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules.
AB  - Purine metabolism in developing Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules was
      investigated in erythrocyte-free and serum-free media to eliminate possible
      contamination from host metabolites or enzymes. The absence of de novo purine
      nucleotide synthesis in the parasite was confirmed by the lack of incorporation
      of radiolabeled glycine or formate into the nucleotide pool. Adenosine and
      adenine were equally incorporated into adenine nucleotides. The incorporation was
      not affected by hadacidin, an inhibitor of succinyl AMP synthetase. Adenosine and
      adenine therefore appear to be converted to AMP without forming IMP as an
      intermediate. Guanosine was first converted to guanine which was then
      incorporated into guanine nucleotides. There was no appreciable interconversion
      between adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides. Hypoxanthine was
      incorporated into all purine nucleotides, but most of it (90%) was found in the
      adenine nucleotides. The equilibrium however, was shifted by hadacidin in favor
      of guanine nucleotides; an indication that hypoxanthine was converted first to
      IMP and then to AMP or GMP. These findings, together with the previous
      observation that S. mansoni lacks functional purine nucleoside kinases lead to
      the conclusion that all purine nucleosides are primarily converted to the
      corresponding purine bases. The latter are then incorporated into the nucleotide
      pool via individual purine phosphoribosyl transferases. The three enzymic
      activities for salvaging adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine thus constitute the
      major network for purine salvage in S. mansoni schistosomules.

PMID- 6431284
TI  - Threonine uptake in Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - Threonine uptake by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei has been assessed
      using an oil-phase separation technique for measuring rapid amino acid fluxes. It
      was shown that the storage conditions for the organism were critical for the
      production of reproducible data. Using this method it has been shown that
      threonine uptake occurs rapidly, being linear for less than 30 s at 37 degrees C
      in contrast with previous reported results. Kinetic analysis of threonine uptake
      at 25 degrees C and at physiological plasma threonine levels (20-700 microM) gave
      a Km of 250 microM and a Vmax of 8 nmol mg-1 cell protein min-1. At these
      concentrations threonine uptake takes place against a concentration gradient.

PMID- 6431285
TI  - A calcium dependent endoribonuclease from Trypanosoma congolense cytoplasm.
AB  - A major endoribonuclease whose activity depends on the presence of calcium ions
      was isolated from the cytoplasm of Trypanosoma congolense. Like the Ca2+
      dependent endoribonuclease of T. brucei cytoplasm, this enzyme degraded poly(A)
      preferentially but also degraded to a lesser extent poly(U), tRNA and rRNA to
      give 5'-phosphoribosyl oligonucleotides. Neither enzyme hydrolyzes poly(G) or
      DNA. Both ribonucleases are inhibited by polyanions and heavy metal ions, and are
      heat-labile; N-ethylmaleimide has no effect on either activity. However, unlike
      the Ca2+-RNase of T. brucei cytoplasm, this endoribonuclease is also stimulated
      by Mg2+, acts maximally at around pH 8.9, and is virtually inactivate towards
      poly(C). It is inhibited by iodoacetamide but unaffected by spermine. Its
      molecular weight is about 42 000 as determined by gel filtration.

PMID- 6431286
TI  - Autologous anti-antiidiotypic clones in human beings.

PMID- 6431287
TI  - Public attitudes about health-care costs. A lesson in national schizophrenia.

PMID- 6431288
TI  - Correlation of epizootiological observations with experimental data: chemical
      induction of chromatophoromas in the croaker, Nibea mitsukurii.
AB  - Chromatophoromas in the croaker nibe, Nibea mitsukurii, are common neoplasms in
      feral fish which inhabit the shallow water in a unique geographic distribution
      along the Pacific coast of Japan. We undertook surveys of the epizootiology of
      tumor-bearing fish at 25 sites. The highest tumor incidence occurred at the
      station near the mouth of the Kumano river and was 47% (1,415 of 2,991). The
      incidence at 2 adjacent survey stations located approximately 18 and 30 km away
      were 2.7 and 2.5%, respectively. At the other survey stations, no tumor
      incidences were recorded or they were less than 5%. During the course of
      experimental studies on the chromatophoromas using tank-reared nibe, we found
      that nifurpirinol (NP), a drug used for the treatment of fish diseases, might
      also induce the chromatophoromas in the fish, as well as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine and 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. Therefore, tank-reared
      nibe 5 months of age were divided into 4 groups of about 50 each and exposed to
      water containing 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 ppm NP, respectively, fourteen times for 1 hour
      each time. Three hundred nibe were kept as untreated controls. The incidences of
      chromatophore hyperplasia or neoplasia per group at 13 months were as follows:
      the untreated: 2.9% (6 of 204), 0 ppm: 5.3% (2 of 38), 0.5 ppm: 73% (36 of 49), 1
      ppm: 87% (20 of 23), and 2 ppm: 100% (2 of 2). These and other results led us to
      believe that 1) NP is a carcinogen, 2) nibe have a high susceptibility to
      induction of chromatophoromas by chemical carcinogens, and 3) some environmental
      chemicals are causal factors in the hyperendemic occurrences of the tumors in
      wild nibe.

PMID- 6431289
TI  - Establishment of fish hepatocyte cultures for use in in vitro carcinogenicity
      studies.
AB  - Methods were developed for the isolation and primary culture of rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) liver cells. Using a
      two-step perfusion technique, I isolated an average of 2.75 and 2.87 liver
      cells/g body weight from the trout and catfish, respectively. Hepatocytes
      represented 91.4% (trout) and 90.1% (catfish) of the total liver cells isolated.
      Both catfish and trout hepatocytes in primary culture displayed a linear decrease
      in survival with increased duration of culture. The DNA synthesis in the
      hepatocytes during culture showed a similar decrease with increased time in
      culture. Approximately 2.8% (trout) and 3.5% (catfish) of the hepatocytes
      exhibited nuclear labeling with [3H]dThd immediately after isolation. The
      labeling index decreased for hepatocytes from both species to 0% by the tenth day
      of culture. Activities of cytochrome P-450 and B-5 initially declined rapidly for
      both trout and catfish hepatocytes after placement in culture; however, these
      activities leveled off at low but measurable values for the first 8 days of
      culture. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was induced in catfish and trout
      hepatocytes after exposure to dimethylnitrosamine, aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene,
      and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Trout hepatocytes displayed a decrease
      in UDS induction with aflatoxin B1 with increased age of the cultures. However,
      UDS induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine remained constant throughout
      the culture period.

PMID- 6431290
TI  - Dietary modification of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis: mechanism studies with
      isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout.
AB  - Hepatocytes were prepared from rainbow trout by perfusion in situ with
      collagenase and hyaluronidase. Preparations normally showed high initial
      viability (95 +/- 5% dye exclusion, 92 +/- 5% lactate dehydrogenase retention)
      and gradually decreased in viability and glutathione concentration over 5 hours.
      Cellular metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent hepatocarcinogen, was
      characterized by an investigation of the following parameters: kinetics of AFB1
      metabolism and DNA adduct formation, dose response, viabilities of detoxication
      and activation pathways with time, influence of organic solvents, and effect of
      variation in cell concentration. The AFB1 metabolites and DNA adducts were
      resolved and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. From these
      results a standardized assay procedure was derived which we used to examine AFB1
      metabolism and DNA adduct formation in hepatocytes from fish fed dietary
      substances known to alter the carcinogenic response to this mycotoxin. Dietary
      beta-naphthoflavone, which strongly inhibits AFB1 carcinogenesis in rainbow
      trout, dramatically and reproducibly altered AFB1 binding and metabolism in
      isolated hepatocytes. Overall rate of AFB1 metabolism and rates of detoxication
      reactions increased, whereas DNA binding decreased. Dietary cyclopropenoid fatty
      acids, powerful synergists and promoters of AFB1 carcinogenesis in trout, also
      repressed AFB1-DNA binding. Both dietary factors appeared to depress initial DNA
      damage by AFB1 but operated through different metabolic pathways to do so.

PMID- 6431291
TI  - Characteristics of a fish colony of Poeciliopsis and its use in carcinogenicity
      studies with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and diethylnitrosamine.
AB  - The viviparous fish Poeciliopsis from northwestern Mexico is characterized
      according to its potential in cancer research. A colony of these fishes started
      in 1961 includes inbred strains of P. lucida (M61-9, M61-31, M61-35, and S68-4),
      P. monacha (S68-4 and S68-5), and P. viriosa (M65-23), which have been
      demonstrated by electrophoresis and tissue graft analysis to be homozygous. All
      female species of hybrid origin are represented by 12 clones which, although
      highly heterozygous, are genetically identical or isogenic and readily accept
      within-clone tissue transplants. Two studies are cited in which hepatic tumors
      were chemically induced. In one, liver neoplasms were induced in P. lucida and P.
      monacha by repeated short-term exposures to an aqueous suspension of 5 ppm 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In the other, dose responses to the carcinogen
      diethylnitrosamine (DENA) were compared among 4 inbred strains, 3 hybrids from
      crosses between inbred strains, and 2 wild stocks of P. lucida. The incidence of
      hepatic tumors gradually increased from 0 to 93% depending on the concentration
      of the compound and the number of exposures, but no significant difference was
      found among the inbred strains, their hybrids, or the wild stocks. Hepatic
      tumors, initially induced with DENA have been successfully transplanted into the
      muscle tissue and abdominal cavity of members of the same strain.

PMID- 6431292
TI  - Usefulness of Cyprinodon variegatus and Fundulus grandis in carcinogenicity
      testing: advantages and special problems.
AB  - Cyprinodon variegatus and Fundulus grandis, two species of cyprinodontid fishes
      studied extensively and used in toxicological and biological investigations, are
      compared as laboratory test animals. Their ecology, general biology, and
      suitability for various types of experimentation are examined. A laboratory
      system for exposure of these species at critical life stages (embryos, fry,
      juveniles) to suspect carcinogens is described. A discussion of the use,
      findings, and potential of these species in oncological studies and carcinogen
      assays is presented, particularly in regard to responses to 3 known or suspect
      carcinogens (trifluralin, benzidine, and aflatoxin). Finally, advantages and
      disadvantages or special problems in using the species as carcinogen test animals
      are reviewed.

PMID- 6431293
TI  - RNA polymerase I promoters and transcription factors.

PMID- 6431294
TI  - Structural relationship of the SB beta-chain gene to HLA-D-region genes and
      murine I-region genes.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) regulates several aspects of the
      immune response. Class II antigens of the MHC control cellular interactions
      between lymphocytes. In man, at least three class II antigens (DR, DC and SB),
      consisting of distinct alpha- and beta-chains, are encoded in the HLA complex.
      Sequence analysis has established that the DR and DC antigens are the respective
      structural counterparts of the murine I-E and I-A antigens. Molecular cloning of
      the SB beta-chain gene has now enabled us to define its relationship to other
      class II genes. The DR, DC and SB beta genes have diverged from each other to the
      same extent. In murine DNA and in cloned genes from the I region, the best
      hybridization of SB beta DNA is with the E beta 2 sequence. E beta 2 may belong
      to a complete gene (E' beta) because first domain sequences were found adjacent
      to it.

PMID- 6431295
TI  - High expression of cloned immunoglobulin kappa gene in transgenic mice is
      restricted to B lymphocytes.
AB  - Immunoglobulin genes are normally expressed only in cells of the B lymphocyte
      lineage after a variable (V) and constant (C) gene rearrangement has occurred. To
      study the control of immunoglobulin gene expression in a defined situation, we
      have produced transgenic mice by microinjecting a rearranged mouse immunoglobulin
      kappa gene (designated pB1-14) into fertilized mouse eggs. We present here the
      analysis of six different kappa-transgenic mouse lines. All the transgenic mice
      express the microinjected kappa gene in a completely tissue-specific fashion.
      Transcripts from pB1-14 are found at a high level in the spleen, but are
      undetectable in nonlymphoid tissues of testis, liver, kidney, heart, muscle,
      brain and thyroid gland. In lymphoid cell subpopulations, the level of pB1-14
      transcripts is correlated with the relative number of B cells; there is no
      correlation with the proportion of T lymphocytes. We concluded, therefore, that
      the microinjected kappa gene contains target sequences for B lymphocyte-specific
      gene activation signals that override the influence of the integration site.

PMID- 6431296
TI  - Antibodies to a scrapie prion protein.
AB  - Scrapie is a slow infection of the nervous system which progresses in the absence
      of any apparent immune response. The recent development of a large-scale
      purification protocol for scrapie prions made it possible to obtain substantial
      quantities of electrophoretically purified prion protein (PrP 27-30) and we
      report here on the successful production of a rabbit antiserum to PrP 27-30. The
      antiserum reacted with PrP 27-30 and several lower molecular weight proteins as
      shown by Western blots; it did not react with protein preparations from
      uninfected brains. Discrete structures in the subependymal region of scrapie
      infected hamster brains were stained immunocytochemically. These same structures
      also stained with Congo red dye and showed green birefringence with polarized
      light, a characteristic of purified prion rods. This staining pattern suggests
      that they are amyloid plaques.

PMID- 6431297
TI  - Molecular genetics. Ciliates come of age.

PMID- 6431298
TI  - Posterior-to-anterior transformation in engrailed wing imaginal disks of
      Drosophila.
AB  - Segments in the Drosophila adult are divided into clonally distinct anterior and
      posterior compartments. Mutations at the engrailed locus can affect the pattern
      of cuticular structures in the posterior compartments of segments, but have no
      obvious effect on anterior structures; for example, bristles that are normally
      seen only on the anterior wing margin in wild-type flies can be found on the
      posterior margin of engrailed wings. These and clonal analysis data led to the
      hypothesis that engrailed causes a transformation of posterior to anterior
      identity in the wing cells. Despite some striking examples of this
      transformation, a common engrailed phenotype is the disruption or elimination of
      posterior pattern elements, without a clear replacement by anterior structures;
      this, together with indications that localized cell death can mimic some of the
      observed posterior-to-anterior transformations, has led some investigators to
      question the original engrailed hypothesis. Recently, monoclonal antibodies
      displaying region-specific binding patterns on the wing imaginal disk have been
      described, and one of these antibodies in particular provides a novel probe for
      the engrailed phenotype in the larval precursors of the adult wing. Here I
      compare the antibody binding patterns on engrailed and wild-type wing disks. The
      results strongly support the notion that engrailed mutations cause a posterior-to
      anterior transformation in these cells.

PMID- 6431299
TI  - Activation of c-Ha-ras-1 proto-oncogene by in vitro modification with a chemical
      carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide.
AB  - Chemical carcinogenesis generally proceeds via the formation of strongly
      electrophilic reactants, termed ultimate carcinogens. The observation that many
      ultimate carcinogens are potent mutagens and the results of studies on the
      covalent binding of carcinogens to cellular macromolecules suggest that tumour
      initiation results from mutations arising from the binding of ultimate
      carcinogens to DNA. Recently, gene transfer experiments have shown that some
      tumours contain activated oncogenes which are members of the ras gene family
      (reviewed in refs 6. 7) and which differ by single base pair substitutions from
      their non-transforming counterparts, the proto-oncogenes (see, for example, refs
      8-11). Here we have used clones of the c-Ha-ras-1 proto-oncogene to show that
      reaction in vitro with an ultimate carcinogen generates a transforming oncogene
      when the modified DNA is introduced into NIH 3T3 cells. As DNA is the only
      cellular macromolecule present in the reactions, our experiments also show that
      reaction of an ultimate carcinogen with DNA alone can lead to the induction of
      mutations in mammalian cells.

PMID- 6431300
TI  - Direct evidence that oncogenic tyrosine kinases and cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase have homologous ATP-binding sites.
AB  - p60src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), is a protein kinase
      that has a strict specificity for tyrosine. The phosphorylation of cellular
      proteins by p60src (ref. 4) results in transformation. Recently, Barker and
      Dayhoff discovered that residues 259-485 of p60src have 22% sequence identity
      with residues 33-258 of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase, an enzyme that has a specificity for serine. Because it was necessary to
      introduce eight gaps to align the two proteins, the question remained as to
      whether this apparent homology reflected a common evolutionary origin. We
      demonstrate here that the ATP analogue p-fluorosulphonylbenzoyl 5'-adenosine
      (FSBA) inactivates the tyrosine protein kinase activity of p60src by reacting
      with lysine 295. When aligned for maximum sequence identity, lysine 295 of p60src
      and the lysine in the catalytic subunit which also reacts specifically with FSBA
      are superimposed precisely. This functional homology is strong evidence that the
      protein kinases, irrespective of amino acid substrate specificity, comprise a
      single divergent gene family.

PMID- 6431301
TI  - Health care for Medicare beneficiaries: the HMO option.

PMID- 6431302
TI  - A cost-effective approach to quality assurance.

PMID- 6431303
TI  - From the bedside to independent practice at the bedside.

PMID- 6431304
TI  - [Bacillus cereus: a wound contaminant but also a causative agent of severe
      general infections?].

PMID- 6431305
TI  - Effect of hypoglycemia on the brain free fatty acid level and the uptake of fatty
      acids by phospholipids.
AB  - The effect of hypoglycemia on the uptake of [1-14C]arachidonate and [1-14C]oleate
      into a synaptosomal and microsomal glycerophospholipids was investigated. In the
      presence of ATP, Mg2+ and CoA, rat brain synaptosomes and microsomes catalyze the
      transfer of arachidonate and oleate into glycerophospholipids. Arachidonate was
      mainly incorporated into phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC),
      whereas oleate was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Hypoglycemia was produced by intraperitoneal
      injection of 10 or 100 units of crystalline insulin per kg body weight. Two hours
      after injection the blood glucose level decreased to 10-20 mg%. The content of
      brain phospholipids was slightly decreased but the change was not statistically
      significant. The level of free fatty acids (FFA) was increased. More pronounced
      and reproducible changes were found when hypoglycemia was produced by injection
      of 100 units of insulin per/kg body weight. Changes in brain cortex were similar
      to those observed in microsomes and synaptosomes. Hypoglycemia affected the
      incorporation of arachidonic acid into glycerophospholipids of brain membranes.
      Uptake of [1-14C]arachidonate was decreased selectively by 50% (into phosphatidic
      acid/PA/) when hypoglycemia was produced by injection of 10 units of insulin per
      kg body weight. The higher dose of insulin 100 units per kg body weight produced
      a 20% inhibition of arachidonate incorporation into synaptosomal PI and a 13%
      decrease of incorporation into microsomal phosphatidylcholine. Incorporation of
      [1-14C]oleate into membrane phospholipids was not changed by hypoglycemic insult.
      It is proposed that the disturbances in fatty acid level, particularly
      arachidonate, and decreased uptake of arachidonic acid by synaptosomal
      glycerophospholipids may be responsible for alteration of membrane function and
      changes of synaptic processes.

PMID- 6431306
TI  - [The incidence of postoperative epilepsy and prophylactic anticonvulsants in
      patients with intracranial aneurysm].
AB  - The occurrence of epileptic seizures is not rare after craniotomy. The authors
      examined the incidence of postoperative epilepsy in 150 patients of intracranial
      aneurysm. Anticonvulsants were given to all patients after operation, but in 12
      cases anticonvulsants were discontinued because of liver dysfunction. One hundred
      and eight out of 138 cases (78%) were prescribed polypharmaceutically, and 30 of
      138 cases (22%) were monopharmaceutically. The daily dose of anticonvulsants was
      as follows; diphenylhydantoin (DPH) was 150-300 mg, phenobarbital (PB) was 50-100
      mg, valproic acid (VPA) was 600-1200 mg, and carbamazepin (CBZ) was 200-600 mg.
      Postoperative epilepsy occurred in 14 of 150 cases (9.3%); 13 cases with
      anticonvulsants, and 1 case without anticonvulsants. The site of aneurysm was as
      follows; 6 cases (10.3%) of AC aneurysm, 3 cases (9.7%) of MC aneurysm, 1 case
      (2.4%) of IC aneurysm, and 4 cases (21.1%) of multiple aneurysm. The interval
      between operation and epileptic seizure was ranged 2 to 57 months (mean 19.8
      months); in 7 cases (50%) within 1 year, and in 13 cases (93%) within 3 years.
      The authors emphasize that prophylactic use of anticonvulsants is effective to
      control subclinical epileptic seizures, prescribing anticonvulsants to all
      patients after craniotomy in general. The medication of anticonvulsants for 3
      years would be necessary for avoiding postoperative epileptic seizure.

PMID- 6431307
TI  - [The effect of high frequency jet ventilation on intracranial pressure in the
      patients with severe head injury].
AB  - The effect of high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on intracranial pressure
      (ICP) in the series of seven patients with severe head injury was studied. These
      patients received mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure accompanied with
      neural damage or circulatory shock and for ICP control by decreasing PaCO2. ICP
      was measured continuously by subarachnoid catheter method connected to Gould P-50
      strain-gage transducer and controlled by hyperventilation and/or osmotic
      diuretics during acute phase. Arterial pressure, central venous pressure and
      intratracheal pressure were measured continuously in the same way. Arterial blood
      gases were analysed by BG-I of Technicon Co. Ltd. At the weaning from respirator,
      two methods were applied. One was conventional IMV (with PEEP) and/or CPAP by
      using IMV mode of Servo 900 respirator or T-piece together with PEEP valve and
      another was new-fashioned HFJV. Mean intratracheal pressure (mPit) was fixed at 0
      mmHg (control value), 5, 10 and 15mmHg in both methods by adjusting PEEP valve or
      driving pressure of HFJV. The result is that in the same patients ICP was
      significantly lower during HFJV than IMV/CPAP when mPit was 5 and 10mmHg. Only
      three cases having been studied at 15mmHg of mPit because circulatory condition
      would not permit it, significant difference of ICP between HFJV and IMV/CPAP was
      not detected. PaCO2, being suspected to be the cause of lower ICP of HFJV group,
      was studied too. But blood gas analysis showed no significant difference neither
      PaCO2 nor PaO2. The fluctuation of CVP reflecting the change of intrathracic
      pressure was smaller in HFJV group than in IMV/CPAP group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431308
TI  - Ontogeny of the neuroglandular system revealed with HPGRF 44 antibodies in human
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, an antiserum to synthetic hpGRF
      44 (the 44 residue peptide with high growth hormone releasing activity isolated
      from a human pancreatic tumor), antibodies of which interact with 40-44 C
      terminal amino acid sequence, stains a novel neuron system in the adult human
      hypothalamus. HpGRF-like immunoreactivity (GLI) containing neurons are different
      from previously known peptidergic systems. GLI perikarya are few in number and
      located mainly in the infundibular nucleus. In the median eminence, abundant GLI
      fibers terminate against portal capillaries in the same areas as somatostatin
      fibers which are morphologically different. No GLI staining was observed in
      hypothalami before 18 weeks of fetal development. GLI perikarya and
      intraeminential nerve terminals were simultaneously detected in 18-week-old
      fetuses attesting to a possible release of this peptide in the portal vessels as
      early as this stage. GLI neuron system was steadily revealed in 19- to 30-week
      old fetuses. It was not detectable in 6 out of the 7 studied hypothalami from
      newborn infants. In most infant and adult hypothalami, it is well developed.
      Results presented here support the hypothesis (1) that hpGRF antiserum stains the
      neuron system producing the somatocrinin and (2) that this neuron system may
      begin in controlling pituitary somatotrophs at the 18th week of fetal
      development, which is in agreement with previous hypotheses.

PMID- 6431309
TI  - Medial preoptic area, estrogen, and the peripubertal desensitization to the
      negative estrogen feedback in female rats.
AB  - Bilateral lesions placed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) markedly diminished
      the luteinizing hormone-(LH-) and follicle-stimulating hormone- (FSH-) inhibiting
      effects of s.c. injected or intrahypothalamically implanted estradiol benzoate
      (EB) in ovariectomized immature rats. Desensitization to the negative estrogen
      feedback was also recorded in immature rats implanted into the MPOA with a
      mixture of 1 part EB and 240 or 360 parts cholesterol. Estrogen implants located
      in the hypothalamic ventromedial-arcuate region were ineffective in this regard.
      Whereas precocious puberty resulted from the implantation of EB into the MPOA, a
      delay of puberty onset was induced by medial preoptic implants of the
      antiestrogen clomiphene citrate which also enhanced the LH-suppressing effect of
      s.c. administered EB in prepubertal females. It is proposed that an increase of
      the estrogen concentration in the MPOA inactivates medial preoptic neurons that
      exert a restraining influence on tonic LH (and FSH) secretion by sensitizing the
      mediobasal hypothalamus to the negative feedback action of estrogen. This
      mechanism may be involved in the control of the onset of puberty in female rats.

PMID- 6431310
TI  - The TRH analogue CG3509 increases in vivo catechol/ascorbate oxidation in the N.
      accumbens but not in the striatum of the rat.
AB  - The effects of injection of the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue,
      orotyl-histidyl-proline amide (CG3509) into the accumbens and striatum, was
      studied on dopamine metabolism by means of in vivo voltammetry. Forty minutes
      after infusion of CG3509 (1-5 micrograms) into the n. accumbens there was a
      significant dose-related increase in the oxidation peak, corresponding to the
      oxidation of the dopamine metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and
      ascorbic acid. The size of this peak returned to normal by 80 min after the
      infusion. There was no change in the indole oxidation peak. Infusion of CG3509 (5
      micrograms) had no effect on the size of either the catechol or the indole
      oxidation peaks recorded in the striatum. Intraventricular injection of CG3509
      (10 micrograms) also increased DOPAC/ascorbic acid oxidation peak recorded in the
      n. accumbens, without altering the indole peak. While the voltammetric technique
      used in the present experiments is not able fully to separate ascorbic acid and
      DOPAC in vivo, the results support the view that TRH and its analogues
      selectively increase dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic region.

PMID- 6431311
TI  - An involvement of acetylcholine in object discrimination learning and memory in
      the marmoset.
AB  - Five marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were tested, using a Wisconsin General Test
      Apparatus, on a series of junk object visual discrimination tasks, including new
      learning, 24-hr reversal and 24-hr retention. The effects of administering the
      cholinergic receptor blocking agent, scopolamine either just before or
      immediately after the new learning task, or just before the 24-hr reversal and
      retention tasks, were assessed. Results suggest that scopolamine impairs new
      learning and impairs the encoding of new information in long term memory. Some
      evidence of a mild retrieval deficit under scopolamine was also seen, while state
      dependent effects were not apparent.

PMID- 6431312
TI  - The synaptically evoked late hyperpolarisation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells
      is resistant to intracellular EGTA.
AB  - It has been suggested that the late hyperpolarisation following synaptic
      activation of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is activated by calcium influx.
      This hypothesis was examined using microelectrodes containing EGTA. Intracellular
      injection of EGTA blocked the afterhyperpolarisation which normally followed cell
      firing produced by injection of a depolarising current or the ionophoresis of
      glutamate onto the apical dendrites. In contrast, the hyperpolarisation following
      synaptic activation was resistant to EGTA. The results suggest that this
      potential is not dependent on intracellular Ca2+. Other possible mechanisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 6431313
TI  - Prospective payment DRGs: New Jersey and the USA.
AB  - Presently, DRGs are the law of the land; we have to live with the prospective
      payment program and all the good and bad it engenders. In fact, many believe that
      the DRG system may be superseded by even more restrictive regulations. Physicians
      can probably adjust to the present system. But we must be certain that patient
      care takes precedence over cost. There are several areas in which we can act: We,
      the physicians, must become involved in monitoring our own hospitals and in
      participating in hospital committees on patient care. We must also become
      involved in the PROs. It would be disastrous, in my opinion, for the fiscal
      intermediaries to run these monitoring programs. We may have to alter our
      practice patterns, participating in larger groups to practice the kind of
      medicine we believe best for our patients. We must participate in national
      programs to document the effects of DRGs on patient care. The American Society of
      Internal Medicine, the American College of Physicians, the Council of Medical
      Specialty Societies, and others will be involved.

PMID- 6431314
TI  - Bupropion in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Bupropion is an antidepressant, thought to be an indirect dopaminergic agonist.
      No significant sympathomimetic, anti-cholinergic, or MAO inhibitor effects have
      been reported. We evaluated this drug in 20 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's
      disease. Parkinsonism lessened by at least 30% (Northwestern University
      Disability Scale or Modified New York University Parkinson's Disease Scale) in
      half the patients. Depression, present in 12 of 20, was alleviated in only 5.
      Bupropion is mildly efficacious in Parkinson's disease, although side effects
      were frequent and were dose-limiting in five patients.

PMID- 6431315
TI  - Disposition of mephenytoin and its metabolite, nirvanol, in epileptic patients.
AB  - We investigated the conversion of mephenytoin to nirvanol in five patients with
      uncontrolled complex partial seizures. After a 50-mg single oral dose, mean peak
      mephenytoin level was 0.48 microgram/ml and nirvanol 0.37 microgram/ml. After 400
      mg, peak mephenytoin level was 3.9 micrograms/ml and nirvanol 2.5 micrograms/ml.
      On 400 mg daily, mephenytoin reached a mean steady-state level of 1.5
      micrograms/ml. Nirvanol mean steady-state level was 18 micrograms/ml. Mean plasma
      half-life was 17 hours for mephenytoin and 114 hours for nirvanol. Two patients
      had reduced seizures during mephenytoin therapy and one a transient increase
      during drug withdrawal. No toxicity was seen, but mephenytoin was not more
      effective than phenytoin.

PMID- 6431316
TI  - Valproate treatment and carnitine deficiency.

PMID- 6431317
TI  - Nursing process: report of a plan to increase involvement of nurse managers.

PMID- 6431318
TI  - The relationship between emergency room patient diagnoses and medical officer of
      the day training in a small military hospital.

PMID- 6431319
TI  - Serum vs breath alcohol levels and accidental injury: analysis among US Army
      personnel in an emergency room setting.

PMID- 6431320
TI  - Design and results of retesting in the National Defense University Health/Fitness
      Program.

PMID- 6431321
TI  - Jogging: Americans are running to catch up.

PMID- 6431322
TI  - Case for diagnosis. Hepatic amyloidosis.

PMID- 6431323
TI  - Enhanced patient care by optimal utilization of rehabilitation resources: a goal
      for military health care.

PMID- 6431324
TI  - Contrasts between Japanese and American medical education and clinical practice.

PMID- 6431325
TI  - Testing for cognitive dysfunction in the aging psychiatric patient.

PMID- 6431326
TI  - Current treatment approaches for gonorrhea in men: two for the price of one.

PMID- 6431327
TI  - Increased incidence of neonatal staphylococcal pyoderma in males.

PMID- 6431328
TI  - Comparative flow rates of intravenous catheters.

PMID- 6431329
TI  - Laryngeal sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6431330
TI  - [The frequency of malpositions of central venous catheters according to the
      different methods of intubation . Retrospective study of 1345 cases].

PMID- 6431331
TI  - [Home total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6431332
TI  - [Immunology of non-Hodgkin lymphomas].
AB  - Cytological and kinetic immunological homogeneity is typical of such lymphomas.
      Their cytogenesis is broadly connected to the development and differentiation of
      lymphocytes. It is mainly a question of proliferating B lymphocytes of which the
      monoclonal membrane receptors are tumoral markers. The final stage of B
      lymphocyte differentiation is the lymphoplasmacellular proliferation involving
      monoclonal Ig secretion and consequently the rarefaction and finally
      disappearance of surface receptors.

PMID- 6431333
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 18) Lincomycin].

PMID- 6431334
TI  - [Chemotherapy in advanced forms of carcinoma of the ovary].

PMID- 6431335
TI  - Intracranial self-stimulation distinguishes between two benzodiazepine
      antagonists.
AB  - Low doses of Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 were without effect on variable-interval
      self-stimulation, but completely abolished the enhancement of responding produced
      by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg). Higher doses of Ro 15-1788, unlike other
      benzodiazepine receptor antagonists, produced an increase in response rates
      similar to that found after chlordiazepoxide. This result is consistent with its
      suggested action as a partial agonist. The combination of a high (benzodiazepine
      like) dose of Ro 15-1788 with chlordiazepoxide produced a depression of
      responding similar to that seen with high doses of benzodiazepines. High doses of
      CGS 8216 produced a depression of self-stimulation, which was not reversed by
      chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg). Thus, the present procedure is able to distinguish
      contrasting behavioural effects of benzodiazepine antagonists.

PMID- 6431336
TI  - Phasic paradoxical sleep precipitates focal motor and limbic seizures.
AB  - The facilitatory or inhibitory effect of paradoxical sleep (PxS) was investigated
      in two models of focal epilepsy: focal motor seizures induced by alumina cream in
      the frontal cortex and limbic seizures produced by intra-amygdaloid kainic acid
      microinjections in cats. We found that phasic episodes of PxS could trigger both
      types of seizures. Interictal spikes were generally blocked during PxS. We
      conclude that PxS exerts facilitatory or inhibitory effects depending on the
      particular event under analysis and the degree of epileptogenicity. The capacity
      of phasic PxS to precipitate focal ictal discharges may depend on ponto-limbic
      excitatory influences.

PMID- 6431337
TI  - Health care financing policy: impact on nursing.

PMID- 6431338
TI  - Medicare, DRGs and nursing practice.

PMID- 6431339
TI  - Storage of glyceryl trinitrate tablets.

PMID- 6431340
TI  - Determining cost of direct nursing care by DRGs.

PMID- 6431341
TI  - Nursing operations as a profit center.

PMID- 6431343
TI  - Decisions on food and fluid in life-sustaining measures: part II.

PMID- 6431342
TI  - Relying on HMOs to trim Medicare and Medicaid spending.

PMID- 6431344
TI  - Medicare DRG price blend to change soon.

PMID- 6431345
TI  - Use of computers in clinical practice--advantages and limitations.

PMID- 6431346
TI  - Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with the CO2 laser: laser versus
      cryotherapy. A review of effectiveness and cost.
AB  - In the treatment of CIN, results of laser vaporization and those of cryotherapy
      have been comparable. Cryotherapy is much less expensive. It is techniquely
      easier to use and requires quieter, more reliable and less cumbersome equipment.
      Laser affords more precise tissue ablation, leaves less necrotic tissue, heals
      slightly faster, and may cause a transformation zone to move cephalad less
      frequently. Laser can be used for certain CIN lesions which cryotherapy would not
      cover. Patients frequently find laser less objectionable, when cost is not
      considered. At the present time, the expense of laser equipment does not seem
      warranted for the treatment of CIN alone. If laser equipment is available to the
      physician, it is as effective as other conservative modalities in the treatment
      of CIN and has applicability to a variety of vulvar and vaginal disorders not
      covered in this review.

PMID- 6431347
TI  - Role of maternal prolactin in early pregnancy failure.
AB  - To study the significance of maternal prolactin (PRL) secretion in early
      pregnancy failures, intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation
      tests were carried out in 39 women with normal or doomed early pregnancy, as
      verified by ultrasound examination, before the onset of clinical symptoms of
      abortion. The basal PRL levels did not differ between the women with normal early
      pregnancy (N = 15), blighted ovum (N = 13), or with missed abortion (N = 11).
      Thyrotropin-releasing hormone injection stimulated PRL secretion in all cases,
      but the response was smaller (P less than .01) in women with early pregnancy
      failure. It is concluded that PRL is not significant in the etiology or course of
      early pregnancy wastage and that its basal or stimulated measurement is of
      limited value in the prediction of pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 6431348
TI  - Serum prolactin levels in patients with fibrocystic breast disease.
AB  - In 193 patients suffering from fibrocystic breast disease, basal serum prolactin
      concentrations were determined and compared to serum prolactin levels in 193
      healthy women. In 45 additional patients and 23 healthy control subjects, a
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was performed. The response
      to TRH in seven healthy female volunteers and in one patient with fibrocystic
      breast disease, was correlated with the mean serum prolactin levels over 24
      hours. Serum prolactin levels were above normal in 45.6% of the patients and in
      21.2% of the control subjects. Mean values of the two groups were significantly
      different (P less than .001). The maximum prolactin response to TRH stimulation
      was significantly higher in the study patients than in the control subjects (P
      less than .001). The TRH-stimulated prolactin response correlated positively with
      the mean 24-hour level (P less than .01, r = 0.8705). These results indicate that
      a high proportion of patients with fibrocystic breast disease exhibit increased
      daily prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6431349
TI  - [Chemotherapy of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma].
AB  - The role of chemotherapy in the management of carcinoma of the ovary is becoming
      increasingly important. It is the first-line treatment of choice in all patients
      with stage III or IV of disease and where tumor deposits larger than 2 cm remain
      in the abdominal cavity after surgery. Until recently the main drugs have been
      used to treat ovarian cancer are the alkylating agents. In addition to these
      agents three new active drugs - hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin, cis-platinum -
      have been studied and their potential role is more carefully defined. Today the
      definition and better understanding of prognostic criteria play a primary role in
      the selection of treatment drugs. With continued efforts to define optimum
      treatment modalities and by application of some of the new treatment ideas coming
      from the laboratory, perhaps the poor survival of patients with ovarian
      epithelial malignancies will be further improved.

PMID- 6431350
TI  - [Radiotherapy of ovarian carcinoma].
AB  - It is important to select the patients for irradiation treatment with great care.
      A review will be made of the existing data on the value of radiotherapy. The main
      factors which must be taken into consideration in order to improve radiation
      results are: type of radiation, modalities of treatment volume and radiation
      dose, biological parameters, and the combination of cytostatic agents and
      radiotherapy. Recent studies taking these factors into account have demonstrated
      a significant improvement in the results of radiotherapy of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6431351
TI  - Mechanisms of senile cataract formation.
AB  - Research on the mechanisms of lens opacification during the past 20 years has
      revealed a number of individual, identifiable cataractogenic stresses in man.
      They include osmotic cataract formation (diabetic, galactosemic and hypoglycemic
      cataracts), radiation cataracts (X-irradiation, near U.V. radiation and microwave
      radiation) and in senile cataract the conversion of soluble low molecular weight
      cytoplasmic proteins to soluble high molecular weight aggregates, insoluble
      phases, and insoluble membrane-protein matrices. Oxidative stress has emerged as
      a common denominator of many changes in senile cataract. As we increase our
      understanding of these mechanisms, we may be able to intervene therapeutically to
      delay or prevent human cataract formation in man.

PMID- 6431352
TI  - Implementing quality assurance studies in ambulatory care.

PMID- 6431353
TI  - Risk management for allied health departments.

PMID- 6431354
TI  - Quality assurance in the residential and outpatient mental health setting.

PMID- 6431355
TI  - Long term care--new beginnings.

PMID- 6431356
TI  - A multidisciplinary approach to patient care in a long term care setting.

PMID- 6431357
TI  - Individual case review in the outpatient mental health department of an HMO.

PMID- 6431358
TI  - Formation of amino acids from CH4 -rich or CO2 -rich model atmosphere.

PMID- 6431359
TI  - Photobiology in space: an experiment on Spacelab I.
AB  - The joint European/US Spacelab Mission I, scheduled for October 1983 for a 9 day
      lasting Earth-orbiting flight, provides a laboratory system for various
      disciplines of science, including exobiology. On the pallet, in the experiment ES
      029 "Microorganisms and Biomolecules in Space Hard Environment" 316 dry samples
      of Bacillus subtilis spores will be exposed to space vacuum and/or selected
      wavelenghs of solar UV radiation. After recovery action spectra of inactivation,
      mutation induction, reparability and photochemical damage in DNA and protein will
      be determined. The results will contribute to the understanding of the mechanism
      of the increased UV sensitivity of bacterial spores in vacuo and to a better
      assessment of the chance of survival of resistant life forms in space and of
      interplanetary transfer of life.

PMID- 6431360
TI  - The professional voice and airline flight.

PMID- 6431361
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Since 1981 a new syndrome of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) has been
      recognized. Male homosexuals, male and female intravenous drug abusers, and
      recipients of blood products (i.e., hemophiliacs) appear to be the populations at
      risk. The syndrome has been manifested by community-acquired opportunistic
      infections and/or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Otolaryngologic manifestations of AIDS
      are not infrequent. Thirteen AIDS patients at the National Institutes of Health
      with KS of the head and neck region are presented. All 13 patients were
      homosexual or bisexual males. Nine initially presented with KS, five with KS of
      the head or neck. As a group the patients demonstrated lesions involving the
      oropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and gastrointestinal regions. Their clinical
      course and complications are presented in detail. The mortality rate in this
      subgroup of AIDS patients is extraordinarily high (62%), with an average
      longevity of 11 months following initial diagnosis.

PMID- 6431362
TI  - Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis.
AB  - Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis (CCNF) is a severe, progressive bacterial
      infection of the cervical fascia. The most significant manifestations of this
      disease are extensive fascial necrosis with widespread undermining of the
      surrounding tissues and extreme systemic toxicity. We are adding three cases to
      the 29 previously reported cases of CCNF. We will discuss the regional anatomy,
      focusing on the relationship of the cervical fascial planes to vital structures.
      Available data suggest that CCNF is a synergistic infection produced in most
      instances by a combination of facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic
      organisms. Although antimicrobial therapy should provide broad-spectrum activity
      against mixed flora, treatment also includes aggressive excision and debridement
      of involved fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and necrotic skin.

PMID- 6431363
TI  - Attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in
      vitro--mechanism of binding.
AB  - To colonize mucosal surfaces and to invade underlying tissues, bacteria need to
      bind to components of the mucosa. Unattached bacteria are transported away from
      the surface with the fluid flow. By binding to the nasopharyngeal mucosa,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae causing otitis media may persist at the site of
      infection. High binding capacity of the bacterium and increased receptivity of
      the epithelial cells for attaching bacteria may both contribute to the
      susceptibility of patients prone to otitis. Thus, epithelial cells from children
      with frequent episodes of otitis bind attaching bacteria more readily than do
      cells from age-matched controls. The binding mechanism probably involves
      bacterial surface proteins and epithelial cell surface glycoconjugate receptors.
      Evidence is presented that phosphorylcholine, a component of the bacterial
      surface, as well as epithelial cell receptor analogues, that is, natural or
      synthetic saccharides analogous to the lactoneoseries of glycolipids, inhibits
      pneumococcal attachment. Inhibition of bacterial binding in vivo may be a new
      approach to prophylaxis against otitis media.

PMID- 6431364
TI  - Split-rib graft for reconstruction of the mandible.
AB  - Defects in the mandible after tumor surgery were reconstructed with split-rib
      grafts in 23 patients. Twenty of the patients were preoperatively irradiated with
      fractioned radiotherapy, ranging from 40 to 85 gray. Partial sequestration
      appeared in five patients. The ingrowth of the transplant was examined with
      technetium scintigraphy. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were
      achieved in the great majority of the patients. Split-rib grafting is recommended
      for reconstruction of the mandible as a safe procedure with little increased
      operation time and morbidity for the patient and good functional and cosmetic
      results.

PMID- 6431365
TI  - Calcium sulfate as a mandibular implant.
AB  - Mandibular reconstruction has posed significant problems, particularly when
      dealing with loss of mandibular substance. Various implant substances have been
      utilized in attempts to repair mandibular defects. These have included metals,
      synthetic material, and organic substances. All have posed significant problems,
      particularly with rejection and inability of the implant to develop a stable
      fusion with the surrounding bone. Recently, calcium sulfate has been successfully
      used as an implant in frontal sinuses, mastoid cavities, and, in one report, as a
      mandibular implant. The present study looks at the ability of calcium sulfate to
      induce osteoneogenesis in canine mandibles with and without the presence of a
      periosteal covering around the implant. Infection somewhat limited the success of
      the study, but in those animals without major infections, successful replacement
      of the calcium sulfate by normal bone occurred both with and without the presence
      of periosteum.

PMID- 6431366
TI  - The role of electromyography in clinical laryngology.
AB  - Laryngeal electromyography (EMG) has been used primarily as a research tool with
      only limited application to clinical practice. We have performed laryngeal EMG in
      a clinical research setting for over 2 years and have found it a valuable adjunct
      in selected situations. The electrophysiology and technique of laryngeal EMG are
      reviewed. Laryngeal EMG is the most accurate method of determining compromise of
      the superior laryngeal nerve. It is valuable in evaluating patients with
      mechanical fixation of the vocal cords. The eventual outcome of recurrent
      laryngeal nerve paralysis may also be predicted in certain patients. Laryngeal
      EMG is safe, easy to perform, and should be considered when evaluating the
      patient with laryngeal dysfunction.

PMID- 6431367
TI  - Endolaryngeal devices for perioperative identification and functional testing of
      the recurrent nerve.
AB  - It has previously been shown that identification of the recurrent laryngeal
      nerves reduces the risk of injury to the nerves during thyroid surgery. To
      facilitate identification and to test the conductivity of the recurrent nerves we
      have used electrical stimulation of the nerves and simultaneous recording of the
      vocal cord movements with two different endolaryngeal devices. The experience
      gained with these devices indicates that it is possible to reduce the frequency
      of injury to the nerves, and the method accelerates the progress of the
      operation, especially in cancer surgery and repeat operations.

PMID- 6431368
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used routinely in the
      evaluation of patients referred with a thyroid swelling. The technique and the
      results in our series of 233 patients, which included 39 carcinomas, are
      presented. A relatively high diagnostic specificity of 81% was found, whereas the
      diagnostic sensitivity was considerably lower (58%). It is concluded that fine
      needle aspiration biopsy is a valuable diagnostic procedure in the preoperative
      assessment of patients with thyroid swellings. A definitive treatment, however,
      must never be based entirely on the results of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
      It is concluded that the results can be improved if the procedure is performed by
      a few highly skilled clinicians and pathologists.

PMID- 6431369
TI  - Thyroid surgery.
AB  - In a 5-year period we treated 233 patients referred to us with a thyroid
      swelling. Among them, 39 patients (17%) had a malignant tumor. Seventy-eight
      percent of the patients were women. The preoperative examination procedure is
      discussed. Preoperatively, recurrent nerve palsy was found in 2.6% of patients
      with benign tumors and in 28% of patients with malignant tumors. The histologic
      features of the benign and the malignant tumors are described. The operative
      procedure in the benign group consisted of enucleation, resection, or lobectomy.
      In the patients with malignant tumors a radical operation was performed,
      consisting of lobectomy (unilateral or bilateral) when possible, eventually
      combined with radical neck dissection. The operative complications are discussed.

PMID- 6431370
TI  - Role of the nasal airway in regulation of airway resistance during hypercapnia
      and exercise. Second-Place Resident Award at 1982 Research Forum.
AB  - Posterior mask rhinomanometry was used to measure nasal resistance during
      exercise and hypercapnia in 10 healthy adult volunteers. Exercise was produced by
      peddling a stationary bicycle at three loads. Hypercapnia was produced by
      breathing O2 mixtures containing 5%, 6%, and 8% CO2. The results showed that
      nasal resistance decreases linearly as expired CO2 levels and exercise levels
      increase, minute ventilation increases linearly as expired CO2 levels and
      exercise levels increase, and nasal resistance varies inversely with minute
      ventilation during both hypercapnia and exercise. The constant relationship
      between nasal resistance and minute ventilation during hypercapnia and exercise
      suggests that nasal resistance is regulated by the respiratory center to match
      the level of respiratory demand.

PMID- 6431371
TI  - Objective evaluation of anterior septal surgical reconstruction.
AB  - Fifty patients who underwent nasal septal reconstruction for anterior septal
      deformities were examined preoperatively and postoperatively with anterior mask
      rhinomanography. A high degree of correlation was found between the reduction in
      nasal resistance after operation and the patients' subjective assessment of
      improvement. Those patients who improved subjectively had a mean decrease in
      nasal resistance of 1.2 cm H2O/L/sec, whereas those patients who indicated no
      improvement had a mean increase in nasal resistance of 0.2 cm H2O/L/sec.

PMID- 6431372
TI  - Evacuation of the middle ear by sniffing: a cause of high negative pressure and
      development of middle ear disease.
AB  - Previous research on eustachian tube function has been devoted mainly to the
      study of the tubal opening ability and pressure equalization. This article
      summarizes a series of experimental studies focusing on the closing ability of
      the tube. Results support the belief that the purpose of the tube should be seen
      primarily as protecting the middle ear from the extensive pressure variations
      that physiologically take place in the nasopharynx. A number of studies of
      diseased ears have shown that tubal malfunction was characterized mainly by a
      reduced ability to withstand negative pressure in the nasopharynx. Sniffing can
      evacuate the middle ear, causing high negative intratympanic pressure. It seems
      likely that this mechanism is involved in the development of middle ear effusion
      and manifest retraction-type middle ear disease.

PMID- 6431373
TI  - Use of a composite autograft to prevent recurrent cholesteatoma caused by canal
      wall defects.
AB  - Recurrent cholesteatoma following atticotomy or combined-approach tympanoplasty
      remains a significant problem. The importance of closing defects created by
      surgery or disease in the posterosuperior bony canal is recognized, and numerous
      materials and techniques have been advocated. Our experience with a composite
      autograft of tragal cartilage and perichondrium in 40 ears is presented after 1
      to 6 years follow-up. The composite autograft performed satisfactorily in 38
      cases. In no case did recurrent cholesteatoma develop at the site of a defect
      that had been obliterated by the autograft.

PMID- 6431374
TI  - Reconstruction of the posterior canal wall with Proplast.
AB  - Many ears with prior radical or modified radical mastoidectomy operations can be
      rehabilitated by reconstruction of the posterior canal wall with the porous
      biocompatible implant material Proplast. Many techniques have been advanced for
      reconstruction of the posterior canal wall and/or obliteration of the mastoid
      bowl. We prefer reconstruction of the posterior canal wall to obliteration of the
      mastoid bowl on the theoretical grounds that with obliteration you lose the
      pneumatic buffer of the mastoid air cell system and you might be burying
      infection and/or cholesteatoma in the depths of the mastoid. In this article we
      shall present our results with elimination of the open mastoid bowl by
      reconstruction of the posterior canal wall with Proplast. A retrospective study
      of 83 consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction of the posterior canal
      wall with Proplast during the 5-year period 1974 to 1978 was undertaken. The
      surgical technique consisted of rebuilding the tympanic membrane, when necessary,
      repairing the ossicular chain, when necessary, and reconstructing the posterior
      canal wall. The overall success rate for the posterior canal wall reconstructions
      was 46% (38 of 83). However, after modifications were made in the technique,
      especially in the use of thicker fascia and/or perichondria and periosteum over
      the Proplast, the success rate increased dramatically to 68% (19 of 28).

PMID- 6431375
TI  - Intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomy.
AB  - In recent years closed-cavity (intact wall) tympanomastoidectomy has been
      described and recommended by many. The pendulum now is swinging back to open
      cavity tympanomastoidectomy. The literature in this regard is reviewed. In all
      patients with chronic otitis media and mastoiditis with intractable tissue
      pathology, the primary objective is total eradication of disease with a dry, safe
      ear; a concomitant but secondary objective is hearing retention and restoration
      with tympanoplasty techniques. Over a 3-year period we have used a one-stage
      procedure called intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomy (IBM) that fulfills the
      desirable objectives of both open- and closed-cavity tympanomastoidectomy. The
      salient features include good exposure as in open-cavity tympanomastoidectomy,
      maintenance and widening of the middle ear space by bony bridge retention and
      facial buttress sculpturing to enhance grafting and ossiculoplasty such as TORP
      or PORP as in canal-up tympanomastoidectomy, and enhancement of mastoid
      obliteration for large cavities by blocking the aditus with bone pate or
      cartilage and by providing a separation between middle ear and mastoid. Specific
      methods, techniques, and results will be presented and discussed.

PMID- 6431376
TI  - Failures with Plasti-Pore ossicular replacement prostheses.
AB  - Plasti-Pore ossicular prosthesis failures found in our series of 246 patients
      with regular follow-up are reported and analyzed. Extrusions as well as poor
      functional results (postoperative air-bone gap greater than 25 dB) of the
      prostheses with and without cartilage on top have been reviewed. The overall
      extrusion rate was 9.3%: a higher extrusion rate occurred with prostheses without
      cartilage (18.4%) than with cartilage (4.4%). Thirty-six patients among those
      with poor postoperative hearing improvement have undergone revision surgery: the
      main causes of failure were a short prosthesis, a fixed stapes or footplate,
      adhesions of the prosthesis to surrounding structures, and the displacement of
      the prosthesis.

PMID- 6431377
TI  - Histology of extruded Plasti-Pore ossicular prostheses.
AB  - Twenty-three Plasti-Pore ossicular prostheses removed from the human middle ear
      following partial or total extrusion were investigated by light microscopy. No
      specific tissue reaction other than the ingrowth of histiocytic cells elicited
      from the porous Plasti-Pore was found. The only histologic feature typical of
      extruded prostheses was the presence of granulocytes in all parts extruded. In
      our opinion this finding was the inflammatory reaction following the ischemic
      necrosis of tissue grown inside the pores and the superimposed bacterial
      colonization. We concluded that no histologic feature supports a biologic cause
      of extrusion, and that extrusion instead is related to biofunctional
      characteristics.

PMID- 6431378
TI  - [Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk method. Comparative evaluation of
      5 commercial systems].
AB  - The systems studied were: bioMerieux, Difco, Institut Pasteur Production, Oxoid
      (media, discs, standards of interpretation). Each batch was tested for pH value
      and calcium and magnesium concentrations. The activity of 19 antibiotics was
      determined by use of three reference strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC
      25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853). The most suitable inoculum was defined after
      testing three different methods of preparation. The susceptibility of each strain
      to each antibiotic was studied 30 times using each system. The reproducibility of
      the diameters with each system and the intersystem variance was calculated. This
      allowed groups of homogeneity between the different systems to be defined. The
      results were interpreted according to the various existing standards
      (manufacturer, French committee of SFM, WHO) yielding an overall discordance of
      0,29%, of little practical importance. Finally the reliability of each system was
      evaluated according to WHO, data. The Difco medium gave the most accurate results
      with the other media tending to produce excessively large zones of inhibition.

PMID- 6431379
TI  - [Sensitivity to fosfomycin of bacteria isolated at the Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital
      in 1982 and 1983].
AB  - Susceptibility of 16 056 strains isolated in 1982 and 1983 to fosfomycin (FOS)
      was tested with Mueller-Hinton medium and discs 50 micrograms FOS + 25 micrograms
      glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) (cutoff diameter 14 mm). For 3 411 strains, inhibition
      zone diameters were recorded. Almost all E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella and S.
      aureus were susceptible to FOS as well as 70% of Serratia, E. cloacae, P.
      mirabilis and 50% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter sp. Only 27% of P. aeruginosa,
      20% of indole positive Proteus and 8% of Acinetobacter were sensitive to FOS. E.
      coli, Citrobacter and S. aureus seem to exhibit the highest susceptibilities to
      FOS. Sensitivity rates of E. cloacae, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, and especially
      Klebsiella seemed slightly underestimated by the disk diffusion method, but
      differentiation between susceptible and resistant strains was facilitated by
      rating as susceptible those strains with inhibition zone diameters between 12 and
      14 mm. This method also seemed to underrate the sensitivity of susceptible
      Enterobacteriaceae, probably because of inadequate G6P concentrations at this
      point of the disk.

PMID- 6431380
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of meningococci isolated from patients and carriers].
AB  - Ninety-two strains of Neisseria meningitidis (twenty-four recovered from CSF,
      four from blood, and sixty-four from oropharyngeal swabs) were tested for
      susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, minocycline, chloramphenicol,
      rifampicin, erythromycin, spiramycin, josamycin, sulphamethoxazole, and
      trimethoprim. Antibiotic activity (MIC) was determined by agar dilution. Among
      the 92 cultures, strains were in the following decreasing order: group B,
      undefined groups, and group C. 75% of strains recovered from carriers and 50% of
      those recovered from CSF were susceptible to 8 mg/l of sulphamethoxazole. No
      strain was susceptible to trimethoprim (MIC 8 mg/l). All strains were susceptible
      to penicillin (range MICs: 0.007-0.25; mean MIC: 0.06), ampicillin (0.015-0.5;
      0.12), minocycline (0.03-0.05; 0.25), chloramphenicol (0.12-4; 0.5). and rifampin
      (0.007-0.25; 0.015). In vitro activity of macrolides was influenced by culture
      conditions. With 5 to 10% CO2, MICs were 2 to 4 times greater than those culture
      conditions. With 5 to 10% CO2, MICs were 2 to 4 times greater than those observed
      without CO2. Josamycin was more active than erythromycin and spiramycin.

PMID- 6431381
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of ticarcillin in 11 patients with
      cystic fibrosis].
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in cystic fibrosis patients.
      Concentrations of ticarcillin were assayed in serum and sputum samples from 11
      children. We found that antibiotic serum concentrations were consistent with
      those reported in the literature. Ticarcillin half-life was shorter in patients
      than in controls. No direct correlation was found between concentrations in serum
      and those in sputum. Among six children with P. aeruginosa infection, ticarcillin
      levels in sputum were sufficient to eliminate P. aeruginosa in 50% of cases.

PMID- 6431382
TI  - [Bactericidal efficacy of a disinfectant by AFNOR standards NF T 72-150 and NF T
      72-151. A collaborative study].
AB  - In this collaborative study, 23 French laboratories measured the bactericidal
      activity of the same disinfectant, a phenolic compound, on 3 bacterial strains
      (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and M. smegmatis), by AFNOR standards NF T 72-150
      (dilution-neutralization method) and NF T 72-151 (membrane filtration method).
      Minimal bactericidal concentrations determined by both methods were identical or
      very similar (deviation by one dilution only). Thus, both standard methods
      produce the same results. Only three laboratories gave erroneous results. The
      twenty others found bactericidal concentrations which can be considered as
      correct (between half and double of calculated mean) in 80 to 95% of cases,
      depending on methods and strains. It may be estimated that 8 laboratories out of
      10 master AFNOR techniques for evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants.

PMID- 6431383
TI  - [Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of an antiseptic by a photometric micromethod].
AB  - Cytotoxicity of an antiseptic is usually evaluated by microscopic examination of
      a cell culture, after a set time of contact with the antiseptic. As this
      evaluation is largely subjective, a photometric method is proposed. The procedure
      consists in staining the cells by methylene blue after contact with the ATS and
      measuring the dye in a photometer after elution. Different dilutions of ATS are
      added to a 24 h-monolayer of Vero cells in a 96-well microtissue culture plate (8
      wells for each dilution, 8 wells for cell control, and 8 wells for control of dye
      fixation by the plastic plate). The plate is incubated for three days at 37
      degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. The plate is washed with PBS to
      remove dead cells and adherent cells are fixed. The plate is then washed with
      borate buffer and allowed to dry. The dye is eluted by adding 200 microliter of
      HCl 0.1 N to each well. The plate is then read automatically at 650 nm on a
      Titertek Multiskan, a vertical light path photometer. Cytotoxicity is expressed
      as the percentage of damaged cells as compared to control wells. Cytotoxic assay
      of glutaraldehyde shows that this technique is more reliable and more sensitive
      than microscopic examination. Moreover, result of cytotoxic assay and of a method
      consisting in measurement of protein in residual cells after exposure to ATS are
      significantly correlated.

PMID- 6431384
TI  - [Malignant centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphoma. Results of a direct
      immunofluorescence study of 43 samples after inclusion in paraffin].
AB  - The immunosecreting character of tumour cells was shown using a direct
      immunofluorescent technique on histological sections of fixed tissue, included in
      paraffin, of 43 specimens from 39 patients suffering from highly malignant ML.
      These ML corresponded, in the Lennert-Kiel classification, to immunoblastic (9
      cases, 4 in plasmoblastic transformation) or polymorphic centroblastic ML (34
      cases). In seven patients, the highly malignant ML was secondary to a low grade
      malignancy ML (3 CLL; 1 lymphoplasmocytic ML; 1 centroblastic centrocytic
      follicular ML) or to previous dysimmune state (1 Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome 1
      lymphomatoid granulomatosis of Liebow). Of these 43 specimens from diverse
      tissues, but predominantly lymphatic lymph nodes (22 cases), 14 did not contain
      any monoclonal intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (12 polymorphic centroblastic ML;
      2 immunoblastic ML). On the other hand, 8 immunoblastic ML and 21 polymorphic
      centroblastic ML did secrete a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Among the 29 cases, 23
      contained a heavy chain associated with only one light chain. In one case of
      Richter's syndrome, a double population, one mu, the other gamma, associated to
      only the light chain Kappa, was demonstrated. The heavy chain mu was secreted in
      25 cases out of 29, associated 19 times to a Kappa chain and 4 times to a Lambda
      chain. The authors stress the morphological aspects of the positive fluorescent
      reactions, which plead in favour of a real secretion by the cells: perinuclear
      border with small grains projecting into the nucleus; intranuclear vacuoles;
      positive cytoplasmic reactions with more or less confluent granules,
      predominantly perinuclear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431385
TI  - Carcinogen-induced granulosa cell tumours in NZC/Bl mice.
AB  - Old NZC/Bl mice have a high incidence (33%) of unilateral spontaneous granulosa
      cell tumours. A single topical application of 300 micrograms of 7, 12
      dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) to the skin at 6 wk of age substantially
      enhanced the incidence of granulosa cell tumours (95%), a high proportion of
      which were bilateral. Lesions were detected at a much younger age than in mice
      not exposed to the carcinogen. Endometrial changes were observed frequently,
      irrespective of DMBA treatment, and with or without granulosa cell tumours. These
      observations suggest that the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, albeit
      substantially increased by DMBA treatment, is not necessarily dependent on
      granulosa cell tumour hormonal activity. Telangiectasia, principally affecting
      vessels in the ovary, uterus and small intestine, was a common finding in DMBA
      treated mice.

PMID- 6431386
TI  - An evaluation of latex particle agglutination to detect antigenemia in children.
AB  - Latex particle agglutination (LPA) was used to detect specific bacterial capsular
      antigen in sera collected at the time blood samples were taken from children with
      suspected bacteremia. Capsular polysaccharide antigens tested for were
      Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hi b), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp),
      Streptococcus agalactiae (Sa) and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) groups A and C. An
      adequate volume of serum was available for 1085 of the blood culture sets
      received. Antigenemia was detected in 47 children; 36 children from whom the
      homologous microorganism was isolated from the associated blood culture and 11
      children who had prior antibiotic therapy and whose blood culture grew no
      microorganism. Antigenemia was not detected in 46 children whose blood culture
      yielded a bacterium for which a homologous LPA reagent was available. Fifty
      children had positive blood cultures with microorganisms considered significant
      to which no LPA reagent was available. LPA was of value as a rapid diagnostic
      test in the identification of the etiological agent in severe infectious disease
      in children.

PMID- 6431387
TI  - New developments in medical therapy of obesity: thyroid and zinc.

PMID- 6431388
TI  - Limitations of transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 monitoring in infants with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Despite the well-documented correlation between transcutaneous and arterial PO2
      and PCO2 in sick neonates, the effect of maturation on this relationship has not
      been well characterized. Eight premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
      (BPD) and indwelling arterial lines beyond the immediate neonatal period were
      studied. Transcutaneous PO2 always underestimated PaO2 beyond 10 weeks of
      postnatal life, such that transcutaneous PO2 - PaO2 was -16 +/- 5 torr (P less
      than .001). Corrected transcutaneous PCO2 simultaneously overestimated PaCO2 by 9
      +/- 3 torr (P less than .001), although this occurred over a wider range of
      postnatal ages. Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring may be a useful tool for estimating
      PaO2 in this population, provided an appropriate correction is made beyond 10
      weeks of age. It is suggested that caution be exercised when using transcutaneous
      PCO2 measurements to estimate absolute arterial values in older infants with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 6431389
TI  - Bacterial contamination of the small intestine as an important cause of chronic
      diarrhea and abdominal pain: diagnosis by breath hydrogen test.
AB  - Unsuspected bacterial contamination of the small intestine was indicated by
      breath hydrogen testing in nine patients aged 2 to 34 months during physical
      examinations for chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. Elevated bacterial counts
      of questionable significance were found in duodenal aspirates before and after
      antibiotic treatment. There was no evidence of bile salt deconjugation or
      structural changes in the small intestine by light or electron microscopy. This
      may indicate that the site of colonization is distal to the biopsy site. Breath
      testing indicated lactose malabsorption in all patients, and four of five
      patients tested also malabsorbed sucrose. Duodenal disaccharidase levels in all
      patients were within the normal ranges, but in eight patients the lactase-sucrase
      ratio was greatly elevated (0.80 +/- 0.36; normal less than 0.45). Dietary
      restriction alone did not cause complete cessation of symptoms, whereas all
      patients responded dramatically to oral antibiotic therapy. When patients were
      well, the lactase-sucrase ratio had returned to normal in those tested, and all
      nine had normal lactose and lactulose breath hydrogen tests. Unsuspected
      bacterial contamination of the small intestine, which is easily detected using
      the breath hydrogen test, may be more commonly associated with chronic diarrhea
      in children than has been previously realized. In such cases, therapy should be
      directed at removing the contamination.

PMID- 6431390
TI  - Fatal myocardial infarction following therapy with prothrombin complex
      concentrates in a young man with hemophilia A.
AB  - A fatal myocardial infarction in a 22-year-old man with hemophilia A and a factor
      VIII inhibitor is described. The catastrophic event occurred while the patient
      was receiving high doses of unactivated prothrombin complex concentrates. Autopsy
      examination revealed myocardial hemorrhage with no evidence of coronary artery
      disease or thrombosis. There also was postmortem evidence of previous myocardial
      infarctions. This is the fourth documented case of myocardial infarction
      occurring in a young hemophiliac patient using unactivated prothrombin complex
      concentrates. It is concluded that utilization of prothrombin complex
      concentrates in hemophiliac patients must be limited and closely monitored.
      Therapeutic guidelines are recommended.

PMID- 6431391
TI  - [Hormonal and roentgenologic methods of differential diagnosis of pubertal
      disorders in boys].

PMID- 6431392
TI  - Experimental study of the nutritional biological characters of fermented milks.
AB  - Fermented milks (yogurt, kefir, sour milk), compared with milk for their non
      protein nitrogen and free amino-nitrogen contents gave higher values prior to as
      well as 1, 2 and 3 h after pepsin digestion in vitro. In feeding trials of 6
      weeks duration with diets based on casein, milk and fermented milks,
      respectively, those groups of weanling (50 to 60 g) male Wistar rats showed the
      maximum increments of body mass which had been fed the diets based on fermented
      milks. The highest values of the protein utilization index (increase in body mass
      in g per protein intake in g) were found in the animals kept on the fermented
      milk products. The favourable protein utilization and body mass increment on
      fermented milk diets are attributed to a better digestibility of proteins in
      these products.

PMID- 6431393
TI  - [Prevention of iatrogenic effects of artificial ventilation with transcutaneous
      monitoring of PO2 and PCO2 in the newborn infant].
AB  - The authors have monitored Tc PCO2, Tc PO2 and mean airway pressure in 25
      ventilated newborns, during 68 days. They show that the best blood gases values
      are not even obtained with the most aggressive artificial ventilation (A.V.). Tc
      PCO2 and Tc PO2 transcutaneous monitoring and mean airway pressure measurement
      allow an "a la carte" adaptation of the A.V. to bring in each case the most
      efficient and the least aggressive A.V. This method may decrease the iatrogenic
      complications of the A.V.

PMID- 6431394
TI  - Effects of long-lasting stimulation of extensor muscle nerves on pulmonary
      ventilation in cats.
AB  - Increments in pulmonary ventilation were shown to occur in anaesthetized cats
      during long-lasting stimulation of a peripherally cut extensor muscle nerve at
      maximal intensity for group I afferent fibers. However, these increments tended
      to gradually adapt to a lower value when stimuli were delivered at high frequency
      and constant rate whereas a tendency to potentiation, up to a steady state,
      occurred when stimulation was intermittent. End-tidal PCO2 initially decreased
      with a tendency to adaptation in the case of continuous stimulation, and
      decreased progressively in the case of intermittent stimulation. It is concluded
      that the nervous mechanisms producing hyperpnoea exhibit fatigue during their
      constant excitation while their effects sum up during intermittent stimulation.

PMID- 6431395
TI  - [Iron deficiency in domestic animals].
AB  - Iron is essential for the organism. In ionized forms (Fe++, Fe ), it constitutes
      an integrated part of a lot of different functional proteins (Figure 1). The most
      important functions are participation in oxygen transport in blood, oxygen
      storage in muscle tissues and oxidation of nutrients in the mitochondria. Iron is
      an essential part of cytochrome C and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, and
      early stages of iron deficiency may, therefore, cause disturbances in tissue
      metabolism before development of anaemia. Thus, haemoglobin determinations is not
      very suitable for diagnosing early iron deficiency. The content of iron in
      roughages, apart from root crops (Table II), is usually sufficient to cover the
      requirement of domestic animals (Table III), which is met by about 50 mg per kg
      feed dry matter. Iron deficiency is very often caused by a reduced absorption in
      the intestinal tract because of components in the feed forming complexes with
      iron of very low solubility or inhibitors reducing the absorption processes. The
      immune status of the organism and its resistance against infections depends on
      the iron supply. Iron deficiency inhibits the myeloperoxidase activity and thus
      decreases the bacteriocide effect of the leucocytes. In spite of this, when
      exposed to infections the physiological mechanisms reduce the blood concentration
      of available iron. By this mode of action, invading pathogens, needing iron like
      the host animals, will be restrained. The low content of iron in milk (Table II)
      combined with a high content of iron binding lactoferrin, is ideal to protect
      newborn and milk fed young animals against intestinal infections.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431396
TI  - [Clinical effects of ivermectin in the treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei var canis
      in farm foxes].
AB  - The efficacy of ivermectin against natural infection of the mange mite Sarcoptes
      scabiei var canis in foxes was evaluated. The investigations consisted of two
      field studies and one controlled study. In experiment 1, ivermectin was given as
      a single subcutaneous dose at 200 micrograms/kg in six foxes. In experiment 2,
      was one group, consisting of five animals, administered 200 micrograms
      ivermectin/kg s.c. twice with an interval of 35 days. Group two, consisting of
      four animals, was given one subcutaneous injection of 400 micrograms
      ivermectin/kg. In experiment 3, ten foxes were given 1 ml 0.2% Eqvalen s.c. (i.e.
      340-440 micrograms ivermectin/kg). A control group of ten animals was not
      medicated. Before and after treatment a clinical evaluation and skin scraping for
      microscopic examination was carried out in all three experiments. The results
      indicated that ivermectin was a good alternative in the therapy of the Sarcoptes
      mange in foxes by moderate mite infection. A progressive clinical improvement of
      the mange lesions was evident in the treated foxes. Mites were not detected in
      skinscraping, except in one animal in experiment 3. It was concluded that
      ivermectin should be administered, in an initial dose of 400 micrograms/kg and a
      repeated dose of 200 micrograms/kg 2-3 weeks after the first treatment.

PMID- 6431397
TI  - Transcription, export and turnover of Hsp70 and alpha beta, two Drosophila heat
      shock genes sharing a 400 nucleotide 5' upstream region.
AB  - A highly homologous 400 nucleotide sequence flanks the 5' end and extends 64 NT
      into the transcribed portion of all five hsp70 and seven alpha beta heat shock
      genes in Drosophila melanogaster (1-4). To determine the extent to which this
      sequence dictates coordinate regulation, we compared the total mass, continuous
      labeling and pulse-labeling of hsp70 and alpha beta RNAs at different times and
      temperatures of heat shock. By all these measurements, expression of both hsp70
      and alpha beta genes increased and decreased in parallel. Hsp70 RNA was generally
      synthesized at a higher rate and accumulated to a greater extent than alpha beta
      RNA. As the temperature of heat shock increased, however, the rate of synthesis
      and accumulation of hsp70 relative to alpha beta RNA decreased. Another
      difference was that a larger fraction of hsp 70, as compared to alpha beta RNA
      was exported from the nucleus. For both RNAs, export decreased as the heat shock
      temperature was increased. The hsp70 and alpha beta genes are thus expressed in
      parallel, but the homologous 5' upstream sequences do not dictate equal rates of
      transcription or export from the nucleus.

PMID- 6431398
TI  - Chloroplast gene for Mr 32000 polypeptide of photosystem II in Euglena gracilis
      is interrupted by four introns with conserved boundary sequences.
AB  - The gene for the Mr 32000 herbicide binding polypeptide of photosystem II has
      previously been mapped to the 5 kbp EcoRI fragment Eco I of Euglena gracilis
      chloroplast DNA. The nucleotide sequence of 3324 bp of Eco I, containing the psbA
      locus, has been determined. This locus encodes a polypeptide of 345 amino acids
      which is co-linear with, and has 86% derived amino acid sequence homology to
      sequences derived from four higher plants chloroplast psbA loci. The Euglena psbA
      gene contains four introns of size 435, 443, 434, and 617 bp. The four introns
      have conserved boundary sequences of the type previously described in the Euglena
      chloroplast gene (rbcL) for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase (Koller et al., Cell 36, 545-553, 1984).

PMID- 6431399
TI  - Plasma cholesterol concentration and extra lipid band in monoclonal gammopathies.
AB  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 21 patients with benign monoclonal
      gammopathy, 21 patients with multiple myeloma and seven patients with
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Results were compared with those of a control
      group, age and sex matched. Low plasma cholesterol levels in all three patient
      groups were associated with low HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Apo A-I, but not
      apo B, was significantly reduced. Sixty per cent of the patients exhibited an
      extra lipid band on plasma lipoprotein electrophoresis, which could be an
      immunoglobulin-lipid complex. In these patients plasma and LDL-cholesterol levels
      were significantly lower than in those patients in whom this band was absent. No
      correlation was found between the severity of the disease and plasma lipid
      pattern.

PMID- 6431400
TI  - Duodenal diverticula occurring in a family--chance or inheritance?
AB  - The incidence, aetiology and possible inheritance of duodenal diverticula remain
      controversial. These aspects are discussed through the presentation of a family,
      in which duodenal diverticula occurred in a man and his two sons. To the best of
      our knowledge, this is the first such family documented in the medical
      literature. This familial occurrence may be attributed solely to the high
      incidence of duodenal diverticula in the general population (set by various
      authors at up to 14.2%), and, therefore, of no hereditary significance at all. We
      believe a screening study of the families of individuals with proven duodenal
      diverticula is most desirable, for it could shed light upon the controversial
      questions of incidence, aetiology, and inheritance patterns of duodenal
      diverticula.

PMID- 6431401
TI  - Hyperventilation and the hyperventilation syndrome.

PMID- 6431402
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of Hunter syndrome.
AB  - Sixteen pregnancies at risk for Hunter syndrome have been monitored by
      amniocentesis. Iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase levels were measured in amniotic
      fluid, cultured amniotic fluid cells and cord blood. Thirteen of the pregnancies
      resulted in normal livebirths, two are continuing and one affected pregnancy was
      terminated. Reduced enzyme levels were observed in either amniotic fluid, cells
      or cord blood for four female fetuses. Such fetuses are likely to be carriers
      expressing reduced enzyme levels. The affected male fetus had reduced enzyme
      activity in amniotic fluid; insufficient cells were cultured for enzyme
      estimation, however no enzyme activity was detected in fetal liver after
      termination. Eight cord blood enzyme estimations have been performed, five
      confirming normal male infants.

PMID- 6431403
TI  - Mitomycin C induced chromosome damage in fetal blood cultures and prenatal
      diagnosis of Fanconi's anaemia.
AB  - We report the use of fetal blood for the prenatal diagnosis of Fanconi anaemia
      (FA). The clastogenic action of Mitomycin C (MMC) is compared in blood cultures
      from different fetuses, normal controls and FA heterozygotes. The fetus at risk
      is shown to suffer from FA on the grounds of excessive chromosome breakage, both
      spontaneous and MMC induced.

PMID- 6431405
TI  - Cost effectiveness of pain clinics.

PMID- 6431404
TI  - [Cysteine stability in aqueous amino acid solutions].
AB  - The effect of pH on the cysteine content in the model solution containing 17 L
      amino acids and D-sorbitol, as well as the effect of traditional antioxidants
      potassium metabisulfite and ascorbic acid on the cysteine stability were studied.
      Optimal conditions for cysteine stabilization in aqueous solutions of amino
      acids, available for parenteral protein feeding, were found.

PMID- 6431406
TI  - Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of human hypothalamic somatocrinin:
      growth hormone-releasing factor.
AB  - The hypophysiotropic peptide, growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), was isolated
      from human hypothalamic-hypophysial tissues by means of acid extraction,
      immunoaffinity chromatography, gel filtration, and two steps of reverse-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid sequence determination using a
      gas-phase sequencer and reverse-phase liquid chromatography of the native peptide
      and its synthetic replicates showed its primary structure to be as follows: H-Tyr
      Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln -Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys
      Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser -Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ala-Arg
      Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2, which is identical to that of the GRF recently isolated and
      characterized from a human pancreatic tumor that had caused acromegaly. Human
      hypothalamic GRF shows major homologies (93%, 89%, and 86%, respectively) when
      its primary structure is compared to that of the hypothalamic GRF from the
      porcine, bovine, caprine, and ovine species.

PMID- 6431407
TI  - Tumor promoters induce a specific morphological signature in the nuclear matrix
      intermediate filament scaffold of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell colonies.
AB  - Tumor promoters such as phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (TPA), mezerein,
      teleocidin, aplysiatoxin, and benzoyl peroxide, although structurally unrelated,
      induce similar, profound changes in morphology in differentiated epithelial Madin
      Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell colonies. The alteration is evident in the
      organization of intermediate filaments in intact cells and in whole mounts of the
      nuclear matrix-intermediate filament (NM-IF) scaffold of the epithelial sheet.
      This substructure, obtained by salt extraction of the cytoskeletal framework,
      represents only 5% of the total cell protein but contains all of the intermediate
      filaments, nuclear matrix, and desmosomal core proteins arranged essentially as
      in the intact cell. The NM-IF is profoundly reorganized after exposure to TPA and
      retains the morphological changes observed in intact cells. These include
      bundling of the intermediate filaments, disruption of cell-cell borders, and
      marked deformation of the polygonal geometry of epithelia. Thus, TPA and all
      other complete or second-stage tumor promoters examined have a characteristic
      morphological signature that is not induced by mitogens, metabolic inhibitors, or
      agents known to disrupt microtubules or microfilaments. This signature,
      characteristic of tumor promoters, occurs in the absence of both protein and RNA
      synthesis. These results suggest that this response is prior to and independent
      of other biochemical markers for tumor promoters. Of the major filament systems,
      the cytokeratin network is implicated as an early or possibly primary site of
      tumor-promoter action because characteristics of the promoted cytoskeletal
      signature are observed in epithelial colonies after prior exposure to colchicine
      or cytochalasin D. Despite the massive reorganization of cytoskeletal morphology
      induced by TPA, the distribution of prelabeled proteins into structural fractions
      (i.e., cytoskeletal, chromatin, and the NM-IF) remains essentially unchanged. The
      sensitivity and specificity of the epithelial cell response suggest its possible
      use as a screen for promoting compounds.

PMID- 6431408
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against murine gamma interferon.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against murine immune interferon (IFN-gamma) were produced
      by fusing the murine nonsecreting myeloma cell line P3.X63.Ag8.653 with spleen
      cells from rats immunized with IFN-gamma-containing supernatants obtained by
      stimulating a T-cell lymphoma, L12-R4, with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
      Supernatants from a twice-cloned hybridoma (AN-18.17.24) were found to neutralize
      and to adsorb in depletion experiments up to 27 units of mouse IFN-gamma but not
      equivalent amounts of mouse leukocyte or fibroblast IFNs. The AN-18.17.24
      monoclonal antibody neutralized to the same extent mouse IFN-gamma from different
      sources--namely, (i) concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells, (ii) alloantigen
      stimulated spleen cells, and (iii) monkey fibroblasts transfected with the cloned
      gene of murine IFN-gamma. Moreover, the monoclonal antibody displayed species
      specificity, since it did not neutralize IFN-gamma of human origin. Binding
      inhibition experiments with murine IFN-gamma preparations exposed to enzymatic or
      physicochemical degradation demonstrated that the protein moiety and not the
      carbohydrate residues were responsible for the binding to the AN-18.17.24
      monoclonal antibody. Finally, this monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated two
      molecular species of IFN-gamma of about 16.8 and 17.8 kilodaltons, respectively,
      from [35S]methionine- or [3H]glucosamine-labeled supernatants of stimulated L12
      R4 cells.

PMID- 6431409
TI  - Recombinant human gamma-interferon induces human monocyte polykaryon formation.
AB  - Monocyte or macrophage polykaryons (MP) are seen in different tissues in various
      inflammatory states and in normal bone (osteoclasts). The factors controlling the
      formation and the function of MP are not completely understood. This study was
      designed to evaluate the effects of the lymphokine gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma)
      on human monocyte function in vitro. Purified recombinant IFN-gamma [20-200
      units/ml (0.1-1.0 nM)] caused the appearance of MP in cultures of normal human
      monocytes cultured in 10% unheated autologous serum. The MP were noted by as
      early as 36 hr of culture with fusion indices of 40%-60% and up to 160 nuclei per
      cell. The effect was seen with both recombinant IFN-gamma and natural IFN-gamma
      produced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-stimulated lymphocytes, but IFN-alpha
      (leukocyte-derived and recombinant) and IFN-beta did not induce MP formation. The
      activity of the IFN-gamma was destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 4 hr,
      incubating at pH 2 for 3 hr, or incubating with antibody against IFN-gamma.
      Populations of monocytes incubated 3 days with 100 units of IFN-gamma per ml (0.5
      nM) had enhanced capacity to produce H2O2 in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13
      acetate and increased content of acid phosphatase and plasminogen activator. As
      determined by autoradiography, the MP did not incorporate [3H]dThd into their
      nuclei. Thus, the IFN-gamma appears to induce MP formation by a process of
      monocyte fusion, and to "activate" monocytes, as judged by various parameters.

PMID- 6431410
TI  - Different joining region J elements of the murine kappa immunoglobulin light
      chain locus are used at markedly different frequencies.
AB  - In order to assess whether DNA rearrangement occurs with equal frequency at each
      of the several J (joining region) elements in the mouse kappa light chain locus,
      we set out to determine the relative frequency of usage of J kappa segments in
      populations of B lymphocytes unperturbed by antigenic selection or cloning. To
      obtain such a population, we exposed a suspension of spleen cells to a mixture of
      mitogens capable of activating most B cells independently of their specificity
      for antigen. We estimated the relative usage of the J kappa elements in unspliced
      kappa chain gene transcripts in total and poly(A)-containing nuclear RNA, using
      an S1 nuclease protection assay, and in mature kappa chain mRNA, using a
      specifically primed cDNA hybridization assay. Both types of assay reveal a marked
      difference in the frequency of J kappa elements and indicate that their relative
      usage is: J1 approximately J2 much greater than J4 approximately J3. Comparison
      of the 5' flanking regions of the mouse J kappa elements, including the conserved
      putative recombination target sequences, shows no obvious differences consistent
      with the variation in recombinational efficiency, so we conclude that, although
      the consensus heptamer and nonamer signals may be sufficient to identify a
      recombination site, the probability that that site will be used depends also on
      other determinants. A review of published data suggests a nonequivalence of usage
      also among human J kappa elements and between mouse J lambda I and J lambda III
      loci. Extending the comparison to include these sets of sequences indicates that
      one of the determinants of frequency of J use may be the proximity of the
      consensus heptamer to a T-G dinucleotide within the J coding sequence, perhaps
      revealing an Escherichia coli gyrase-like substrate preference within a
      recombination enzyme.

PMID- 6431412
TI  - The lupus anticoagulant.

PMID- 6431411
TI  - Immune interferon activates multiple class II major histocompatibility complex
      genes and the associated invariant chain gene in human endothelial cells and
      dermal fibroblasts.
AB  - Immune interferon (IFN-gamma) increases the surface expression of HLA-A,B
      antigens and induces the surface expression of HLA-DR antigens on vascular
      endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. Here we report that IFN-gamma induces
      parallel expression of two other class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      antigens, SB and DC. Maximal surface expression of all three antigens is reached
      in 4-6 days, and HLA-DR and -SB are induced to a higher level of expression than
      HLA-DC. For all three class II antigens, induction is marked by the de novo
      appearance of detectable transcripts of class II heavy and light chains and of
      the non-MHC-encoded invariant chain, suggestive of the transcription of multiple
      previously silent genes. Class I message levels and antigen expression are also
      increased by IFN-gamma at similar rates but from initial levels that are 50% of
      maximal. After removal of IFN-gamma, class II antigen expression persists for at
      least 4 days, while mRNA levels decrease rapidly. The parallel induction and
      persistence of the several class II MHC antigens may be important in conferring
      immune accessory function on vascular and stromal cells.

PMID- 6431414
TI  - [The nursing profession today and professionalism. A conversation].

PMID- 6431413
TI  - Intact and carboxyterminal PTH do not cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid
      barrier.
AB  - In order to examine whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) enters the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF), the blood levels of the hormone were acutely elevated either by
      infusion of parathyroid extract or by stimulation of the parathyroid glands by
      hypocalcemia. Despite marked elevations in the blood levels of the hormone, PTH
      could not be detected in the CSF. The data indicate the intact PTH or its
      carboxyterminal fragment do not cross the blood-CSF interface of the blood-brain
      barrier. The results, therefore, suggest that the action of PTH on brain must be
      mediated by an effect on the blood-brain interface of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6431415
TI  - [Nursing school: an enigma to be solved].

PMID- 6431416
TI  - [Test of the direction biology-health. The experience of Gubbio].

PMID- 6431417
TI  - [A bank of items retrieved from the evaluation exercise completed on the teaching
      activities of the S.S.D.A.I. (Special School for Nurse Administrators) of the
      University "La Sapienza" of Rome].

PMID- 6431418
TI  - [Deontological aspects of the nursing profession].

PMID- 6431419
TI  - [The lesson of health education as an interaction between cognition-experience of
      the individual and the group and the theoretical knowledge of the subject].

PMID- 6431420
TI  - Overview of inhibitors to factor VIII and IX.
AB  - The studies related to inhibitors of factor VIII and IX have clearly shown that
      these inhibitors are antibodies whether they arise in hemophiliacs lacking one of
      the factors or in patients with diseases associated with altered immune
      functions. Some of the most interesting data relates to the etiology of these
      inhibitors. If inhibitors are more likely to arise in CRM- hemophilia patients
      and if inhibitor development is familial, is it possible to define beforehand
      which patients are likely to develop inhibitors? If a subpopulation of patients
      at risk for inhibitor development could be identified, how would one prevent the
      event from occurring? Should these patients receive immunosuppressive agents
      prior to infusion of the missing factor? What is the relationship between the
      actual gene defect and inhibitor development? Is the prevalence of inhibitors in
      hemophilia B less common and if so are severely affected hemophilia A patients
      more likely to exhibit gross gene defects? Are there relationships between gene
      defect and immune response genes? Other major questions involve therapy. Can one
      induce specific immune tolerance at acceptable cost using low doses of factor
      concentrates or would it be better to develop other ways of eradicating
      inhibitors after they appear? What will be the future use of concentrates
      designed to by-pass the inhibitor, and is bypassing activity due to factors that
      are complexed to lipids or other substances that protect them from inhibitors?
      This overview has raised more questions than answers, but perhaps that is the
      purpose of an overview.

PMID- 6431421
TI  - Factor VIII inhibitors. Proceedings of an international symposium held in
      Farmington, Connecticut, November 3-5, 1983.

PMID- 6431422
TI  - Antibodies to factor VIII-von Willebrand factor in congenital and acquired von
      Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6431423
TI  - Regulation of the immune response through idiotypic interactions.

PMID- 6431424
TI  - Prevention and treatment of induced antibodies to clotting factors in hemophilia-
      applications of advances in immunology.

PMID- 6431425
TI  - Assessment of response to treatment and design of clinical trials.
AB  - The assessment of response to treatment and design of clinical trials requires
      careful consideration of many factors. While there are problems in assessing the
      response of acute hemarthrosis to treatment, this common, non-life threatening
      type of bleeding does seem to lend itself reasonably well to clinical trial.
      Intramuscular hemorrhage involving an extremity (ex: thigh, calf or forearm) also
      allows objective as well as subjective assessment in a clinical trial setting.
      Nonetheless one must still determine the intervals for assessment and define what
      constitutes cessation of bleeding (i.e., how much of an improvement in joint
      mobility, how much reduction in pain, how much muscle softening or decrease in
      circumference?). One must also decide whether or not there is sufficient evidence
      that different joints in the same individual respond differently to justify
      separate randomization of each joint. If one is to conduct a truly blinded trial,
      those who will be assessing the response to treatment should not be able to
      discern which product is being given. The unknown products must appear similar in
      color, consistency and bottling characteristics. If this is not possible, the
      unknowns must be given at a center where the dissimilar unknown products are
      presented to the patient in an opaque syringe. A final but extremely important
      component in the design of clinical trials is to have adequate attention to
      appropriate statistical methodology as the trial is being planned. One must
      decide what difference one wishes to detect, and must determine the sample size
      needed to demonstrate such a difference if it exists. If one is to conduct a
      trial from which meaningful, reliable conclusions can be drawn, one must
      carefully consider statistical methodology, and must be aware of the limitations
      of the trial.

PMID- 6431426
TI  - Induced immunotolerance in factor VIII inhibitor patients.

PMID- 6431427
TI  - The natural history of factor VIII inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A.

PMID- 6431428
TI  - Comparison of factor VIII and prothrombin complex concentrates in the treatment
      of inhibitor patients.

PMID- 6431429
TI  - Porcine factor VIII: preparation and use in treatment of inhibitor patients.

PMID- 6431430
TI  - Extracorporeal protein A-sepharose and specific affinity chromatography for
      removal of antibodies.

PMID- 6431431
TI  - Effect of phospholipid on factor VIII inactivation.

PMID- 6431432
TI  - Use of an animal model to evaluate hemophilia therapies.

PMID- 6431433
TI  - Controlled clinical trials with prothrombin complex concentrates.
AB  - Since the introduction of PCC for treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophiliacs
      with inhibitors in 1972, many anecdotal reports and uncontrolled observations
      have been published, often with conflicting reports of efficacy. To date, three
      controlled double blind studies have been completed in which PCC have been
      evaluated. In each of the three studies acute hemarthrosis has been the only
      (Lusher et al 1980; Lusher et al 1983) or the predominant (Sjamsoedin 1981) type
      of bleeding evaluated. While acute joint bleeding lends itself well to clinical
      trial, there are recognized problems in evaluating response to treatment. Despite
      these limitations, it is noteworthy that non-activated PCC were found to be
      effective in approximately 50% of episodes in all three trials. Future trials are
      now being planned in an attempt to determine the role of activated PCC in the
      management of bleeding episodes in hemophiliacs with inhibitors. In the design of
      these trials, possible modifications to be considered are the exclusion (or
      separate randomization) of chronically disabled or "target" joints, more than one
      dose of unknown product, and longer periods of assessment.

PMID- 6431434
TI  - Treatment of inhibitor patients with activated prothrombin complex concentrates.
AB  - Anti-inhibitor protease complex products have demonstrated their efficacy in
      controlling bleeding in non-hemophilic and hemophilic patients with inhibitors to
      Factor VIII and IX. Treatment programs have been identified for 1) patients who
      develop spontaneous, mild to moderate bleeding episodes - low dose, 30 u/Kg at 8
      hour intervals; 2) surgical candidates or patients with severe bleeding and high
      inhibitor levels - high dose, 75-100 u/Kg at 4 to 8 hour intervals; and 3)
      surgical candidates with low inhibitor levels (less than 40 B.U.) - pheresis,
      followed by Factor VIII for 6 days, and then activated concentrates. Attempts to
      identify the anti-inhibitor principle in the product has led us to the conclusion
      that Factor X is necessary for this activity.

PMID- 6431435
TI  - Inhibitor treatment using unactivated prothrombin complex concentrates: the
      Pennsylvania experience--1978-1982.
AB  - Data were analyzed on 48 patients with Factor VIII:C inhibitors, 31 of whom were
      treated with more than 6.7 million units of unactivated prothrombin complex
      concentrates (PCC) during the years 1978 through 1982 for more than 1,000
      bleeding episodes. Twelve of the patients who were on home therapy used 3.1
      million units, or 47% of the total PCC usage. Only one patient had a severe life
      threatening allergic reaction to PCC, and no thrombotic complications were
      observed, supporting the concept that these products are safe when used in doses
      of 50-75 u/Kg. Fifty percent of hemarthroses and 65% of muscle hemorrhages were
      treated with no more than two infusions per episode, suggesting that PCC was
      effective at least half of the time. Comparison of the number of days
      hospitalized per year for inhibitor and non-inhibitor patients also indicated
      that PCC was effective, although not as effective as AHF therapy in non-inhibitor
      patients. The life styles of PCC treated patients were comparable to what might
      be expected for non-inhibitor patients with severe disease, and no deaths were
      attributed to PCC treatment failure during the four year period. Of major
      concern, however, was the cost of therapy. In 1981-82, the average use of PCC for
      inhibitor patients was 106,000 units per treated patient per year, compared to
      40,000 AHF units for all Factor VIII deficient treated patients per year. Much of
      this usage was for recurrent hemarthroses in a small number of patients requiring
      eight or more infusions per episode.

PMID- 6431436
TI  - Clinical patterns of hemophilic patients who develop inhibitors.
AB  - During a 4-year national cooperative study of factor VIII inhibitors in patients
      with classic hemophilia, new inhibitors were identified in 31 of 1,306 patients
      without this finding on entry. The age of patients upon detection of an inhibitor
      ranged from 2-62 years with a median age of 16 years. The incidence of new
      inhibitors was 8 per 1000 patient-years of observation. In 29 patients baseline
      VIII:C was less than or equal to 0.03 units/ml; the other two patients had levels
      of 0.06 and 0.07 units/ml. Factor VIII:CAg was measured in entry samples of
      plasma from 27 subjects and generally corresponded to levels of VIII:C; the
      levels of VIII:CAg ranged from 0.01-0.11 units/ml in 9 cases and were less than
      0.01 units/ml in the remaining 18. In no instance did an inhibitor develop
      without preceding exposure to infused VIII:C, appearing within 8-250 VIII:C
      exposure-days in all patients and within 75 exposure-days in 10 of 11 patients
      with maximum inhibitor values greater than 15 Bethesda units/ml. Development of
      an inhibitor could not be correlated with any of the following variables:
      bleeding tendency, intercurrent illness, drugs, and selected clinical laboratory
      tests including blood counts, liver enzymes, and immunoglobulins. On the basis of
      maximum activity and persistence of inhibitors, a spectrum of patterns could be
      identified. (1) In Group IA with 9 patients, inhibitors with maximum values
      greater than 15 Bethesda units/ml persisted throughout the remaining study
      period. (2) In Group IB with 2 patients with mild classic hemophilia, inhibitors
      with maximum values greater than 15 Bethesda units/ml disappeared despite varying
      continued exposure to VIII:C and PCC. (3) In Group IIA with 10 patients,
      inhibitors with maximum values less than or equal to 15 Bethesda units/ml
      persisted throughout the remaining study period. (4) In Group IIB with 3
      patients, maximum values less than or equal to 15 Bethesda units/ml disappeared
      within 18 months despite varying continued exposure to VIII:C and PCC. (5) In
      Group III with 7 patients, an inhibitor with a value of less than 5 Bethesda
      units/ml was conclusively documented on a sing study period. (4) In Group IIB
      with 3 patients, maximum values less than or equal to 15 Bethesda units/ml
      disappeared within 18 months despite varying continued exposure to VIII:C and
      PCC. (5) In Group III with 7 patients, an inhibitor with a value of less than 5
      Bethesda units/ml was conclusively documented on a sing study period.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6431437
TI  - Panel discussion on the treatment of patients with factor VIII inhibitors.

PMID- 6431438
TI  - The management of factor VIII inhibitors in non-hemophilic patients.
AB  - The experience of 118 coagulation specialists in the treatment of 215 non
      hemophilic patients with inhibitors to factor VIII:C was recently reviewed. In
      approximately half these patients there were no illnesses which may have
      predisposed to inhibitor formation, while "auto-immune" disorders such as
      rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were present in 18%. Major
      bleeding was reported in 87% of the patients, and 22% died as a consequence of
      having the inhibitor. While inhibitors in a few patients, particularly those that
      developed in association with pregnancy, disappeared without treatment, most
      patients were given prednisone in doses of up to 2 mg/kg per day. This therapy
      was most effective in patients without associated disorders, but disappearance of
      the inhibitor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis usually occurred only when
      cyclophosphamide or azathioprine was added to the therapeutic regimen. Subjects
      with inhibitor titers in excess of 10 Bethesda Units were usually refractory to
      all therapeutic modalities. The management of acute bleeding episodes in the
      patient with an inhibitor has been the subject of a number of recent reports.
      Successful stratagems have included intensive plasmapheresis combined with
      massive infusion of antihemophilic factor concentrates, the use of porcine factor
      VIII concentrates, and the administration of clotting factor concentrates which
      bypass the locus of factor VIII participation in clotting. All of these methods
      expose the patient to potential serious side-effects, and the ultimate solution
      to the problem of the development of factor VIII inhibitors will require insights
      into the reasons for the production of these antibodies and measures to regulate
      aberrant immune processes.

PMID- 6431439
TI  - Treatment of hemophiliacs with inhibitors: cost and effect on blood resources.

PMID- 6431440
TI  - New alternatives and strategies in the treatment of inhibitors.
AB  - It is clear that the challenge of factor VIII and factor IX inhibitors requires a
      multi-faceted approach. The emphasis on new data at this symposium has indicated
      that there are a number of ideas that are ready for laboratory and clinical
      testing. These opportunities will be explored as new approaches are considered
      for the identification of hemophiliacs at risk of inhibitor formation, the
      modification of the immune response in inhibitor patients and the treatment of
      inhibitor patients in a way that achieves more satisfactory hemostasis.

PMID- 6431441
TI  - Genetic predisposition to inhibitor formation.

PMID- 6431442
TI  - Structure and function of factor VIII procoagulant protein.

PMID- 6431443
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of factor VIII inhibitors.
AB  - Factor VIII inhibitors are antibodies, predominantly of the IgG class, that
      inactivate factor VIII procoagulant activity. They do not fix complement and
      cannot be detected by standard immunoprecipitin assays. Their immunochemical
      properties are unusual, for the alloantibodies have consistent light chain
      restriction (kappa) and most allo- and auto- anti-VIII:C are predominantly or
      exclusively IgG4. This property may be responsible for the lack of complement
      fixation and immunoprecipitation. Human anti-VIII:C react with several different
      VIII:C antigenic determinants, and recent studies have begun to characterize the
      major epitopes. In addition, anti-VIII:C idiotypes have been identified using
      both rabbit anti-idiotype serum and monoclonal antibodies. These reagents provide
      a new way to obtain more precise immunochemical characterization.

PMID- 6431444
TI  - Measurement of factor VIII inhibitors.

PMID- 6431445
TI  - The response to factor VIII infusion in inhibitor patients.

PMID- 6431446
TI  - Changes of arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine different from other lipids in
      kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats after feeding a linoleic acid-rich
      diet.
AB  - In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed a linoleic acid-rich (LAR) diet over
      22 weeks blood pressure could not be influenced when compared with SHR on
      linoleic acid-deficient (LAD) food. On the other hand, normotensive Wistar rats
      (WR) revealed a significantly lower blood pressure after feeding a LAR diet. The
      percentages of LA and AA were markedly increased in triglycerides and free fatty
      acids (FFA) in renal cortex and medulla of LAR-fed SHR and WR in comparison to
      LAD-fed animals. In renal phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) LA was also increased
      whereas AA remained unchanged. On the contrary, in phosphatidylcholine (PC) LA
      was only slightly augmented (in SHR) or even lowered (in WR), AA appearing
      decreased in SHR but increased in WR. These different changes in PE and PC
      indicate that individual phospholipids show a dissimilar behavior after dietary
      interventions, which can be masked by the evaluation of total phospholipids and
      might be of pathophysiological relevance.

PMID- 6431447
TI  - Effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors (OKY-046, OKY-1580) on the action of
      bronchoactive agents in guinea pig tracheal strips and on arachidonate metabolism
      in guinea pig lung lobes.
AB  - We investigated the effect of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitors, OKY-046 and
      OKY-1580, on the action of bronchoactive agents in guinea pig tracheal strips,
      and on arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated perfused guinea pig lung lobes.
      OKY-046 and OKY-1580 attenuated histamine-, serotonin-, acetylcholine-,
      bradykinin- and prostaglandin F2- induced contractile responses in guinea pig
      tracheal strips dose-dependently and potentiated isoproterenol-, salbutamol- and
      prostaglandin E2-induced relaxation in guinea pig tracheal strips dose
      dependently. In addition, OKY-046 and OKY-1580 inhibited the biosynthesis of
      thromboxane A2 and accelerated the production of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 from
      arachidonic acid in isolated perfused guinea pig lung lobes. The above results
      suggest that OKY-046 and OKY-1580 might be useful therapeutic agents for the
      treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism and chronic obstructive lung diseases.

PMID- 6431448
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids stimulate the formation of lipoxygenase and
      cyclooxygenase products in rat spleen lymphocytes.
AB  - Rat spleen lymphocytes prelabelled with [14C] arachidonate were suspended in
      fresh medium in the presence or absence of exogenous non-radioactive fatty acids
      added in ethanol. It was found that fatty acids stimulate thromboxane B2, PGE2,
      HHT and HETE formation. The effect is specific for unsaturated fatty acids. It
      occurs at 50 micron concentrations and is apparent after 20 minutes incubation.
      Unsaturated fatty acids may serve an important role in the regulation of
      prostaglandin and hydroxy fatty acid metabolism in vivo. This may indicate a
      mechanism for the action of fatty acids on the immune response.

PMID- 6431449
TI  - Modifications in food intake and energy metabolism in rats as a function of
      chronic naltrexone infusions.
AB  - The effects of chronic naltrexone infusions on food intake and energy balance
      were examined in male rats. Animals were fed either Purina Chow, or chow plus a
      32% sucrose solution. After one week of being maintained on these diets, animals
      were implanted (intrascapularly) with osmotic minipumps infusing either 200
      micrograms/kg/hr naltrexone hydrochloride or saline. Sucrose + chow-fed animals
      exhibited increased O2 consumption, increased CO2 production and an elevation in
      the respiratory quotient (RQ) relative to chow-fed controls. When infused with
      naltrexone, sucrose + chow-fed animals decreased food intake and body weight
      gain. While chow-fed animals also suppressed food intake and body weight gain,
      these decreases were not as great as those observed in sucrose + chow-fed
      animals. As a function of naltrexone administration, both chow-fed and sucrose +
      chow-fed animals altered their metabolism as reflected by decreased RQ and
      adiposity as determined by skinfold measurements. In addition, sucrose feeding
      led to a hyperthermia which was reversed by naltrexone infusions. Thus, chronic
      naltrexone administration depressed appetite, reduced energy production and
      induced hypothermia in rats. As naltrexone is thought to block the endogenous
      opioid system, this suggests that the endorphins are involved in the regulation
      of food intake and thermogenesis.

PMID- 6431450
TI  - Comparison of the CNS effects induced by TRH and bicuculline after microinjection
      into medial septum, substantia nigra and inferior colliculus: absence of support
      for a GABA antagonist action for TRH.
AB  - Antagonism of ethanol-induced depression of locomotion was observed after
      intracisternal injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and bicuculline
      methiodide (BICM), as well as after microinjection of these drugs into the medial
      septum. The present investigation compared the behavioral and physiological
      consequence of administering TRH and BICM into the medial septum, inferior
      colliculus and substantia nigra to quantitate the similarities between these
      compounds. BICM produced a major increase in locomotor activity when injected
      into the medial septum and stereotypies when injected into the substantia nigra,
      suggesting that GABA-containing neurons have widespread influences on motor
      function. The wild running and seizure activity observed after BICM injection
      into the inferior colliculus was also consistent with this latter view. The
      marked increase in rectal temperature observed when BICM was injected into the
      medial septum may also implicate GABAergic mechanisms in temperature control at
      this brain site. TRH produced no such behavioral or physiological changes when
      administered into these three sites. Thus, this work strongly suggests that TRH
      does not exert a widespread action as a GABA antagonist because TRH did not
      produce the same changes induced by BICM. The actions of BICM and TRH to
      antagonize ethanol-induced depression when microinjected into the medial septum
      suggests that this brain area may be a critical site for the depressant action of
      ethanol.

PMID- 6431451
TI  - Asymmetrical locomotor response to unilateral cortical injections of DSP-4.
AB  - The role of norepinephrine depletion in the lateralized production of spontaneous
      hyperactivity was assessed by unilateral fronto-cortical injections of either 10
      or 20 micrograms of the noradrenergic neurotoxin, DSP-4 (N-2-chlorethyl-N-ethyl
      bromobenzylamine hydrochloride). Ten micrograms of DSP-4 produced significant
      hyperkinesis only when injected into the right hemisphere. A 20 micrograms dose
      produced hyperactivity when injected into either hemisphere. DSP-4 injections
      resulted in significant NE and ipsilateral and contralateral 5HT depletions in
      the frontal cortex. The 20 micrograms right hemispheric injection significantly
      increased both DOPAC and DA levels in the contralateral caudate in a manner
      unrelated to behavior. These findings, in conjunction with results from previous
      neurotoxin studies, support a hypothesis of greater relative sensitivity to
      injury of right hemispheric NE terminal fields compared with injury to left
      hemispheric fields as demonstrated by spontaneous hyperactivity.

PMID- 6431452
TI  - Formation of 6-hydroxydopamine in caudate nucleus of the rat brain after a single
      large dose of methylamphetamine.
AB  - We now report that 6-hydroxydopamine (0.39 +/- 0.31 nanograms/mg of tissue at 2
      hr) is formed in the rat caudate nucleus after a single injection of
      methylamphetamine (100 mg/kg). The same dose of methylamphetamine causes
      approximately 50% depletion of caudate dopamine 2 weeks after the injection. We
      suggest that the formation of 6-hydroxydopamine from endogenous dopamine is
      responsible for the neurotoxicity to dopamine terminals seen after
      methylamphetamine administration.

PMID- 6431453
TI  - Vasoactive factors in the mechanism of renal sodium handling in cirrhotics: the
      effect of acute plasma expansion.
AB  - Twenty cirrhotic patients with ascites, divided into two groups of 10 each,
      according to their daily urinary sodium excretion (sodium retainers and sodium
      excretors) and given a diet of 75 mEq of sodium daily, underwent acute plasma
      volume expansion with 1,000 ml of 10% dextran in saline, infused through a
      catheter located in the right atrium. Even if a significant increase in sodium
      excretion was observed in both groups (p less than 0.001 in sodium excretors and
      p less than 0.05 in sodium retainers), plasma expansion did not reverse sodium
      retention in sodium retainers. A significant increase in creatinine clearance was
      found only in sodium retainers (p less than 0.02). Basal plasma renin activity
      and plasma aldosterone were elevated only in a few patients of both groups. The
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was highly responsive to plasma expansion.
      Sodium retainers, who showed an ineffective natriuretic response after expansion,
      were able to suppress both plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in an
      analogous manner to the sodium-excreting group. This result lends strong support
      to the concept that the elevated aldosterone level in cirrhosis is not the major
      determinant of sodium retention. The kallikrein-kinin system was responsive to
      volume stimulus, since a decrease in kallikrein excretion was noted. It was
      significant in sodium retainers (p less than 0.05). Plasma PGE1,2 levels were
      significantly higher in sodium retainers than in controls. This may suggest that
      there is an activation of the intrarenal prostaglandin system, which could play a
      protective role against renal ischaemia. After volume expansion, PGE1,2
      increased, but not significantly. Octopamine appeared unrelated to sodium
      excretion and unresponsive to volume stimulus. Endotoxins did not seem to be
      involved in renal sodium handling. Plasma volume expansion seemed effective in
      inducing a reduction of vasoconstrictor and sodium-retaining factors, such as the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. It is possible to suggest that volume
      expansion could increase PGE1,2. Plasma volume expansion produced different rates
      of sodium excretion in the two groups of patients and this suggests that impaired
      sodium handling in cirrhosis could, to some extent, be independent of effective
      plasma volume.

PMID- 6431454
TI  - Age-related changes in the effects of drugs on the sweat glands.

PMID- 6431455
TI  - Interference of 433 MHz microwaves with a megavoltage linear accelerator.

PMID- 6431456
TI  - Excitation and de-excitation processes in lanthanide chelates bearing aromatic
      sidechains.

PMID- 6431457
TI  - Transitory UV resistance during germination of UV-sensitive spores produced by a
      mutant of Bacillus cereus 569.

PMID- 6431458
TI  - Hematoporphyrin-sensitized photoinactivation of Streptococcus faecalis.

PMID- 6431459
TI  - Preservation of intestinal structure and function despite weight loss produced by
      ileal transposition in rats.
AB  - Transposition of a segment of ileum into the proximal small intestine affects
      eating behavior and body weight in rats. The effect of ileal transposition versus
      jejunal transposition or sham laparotomy on small intestinal structure and
      function was studied. Rats ate less after ileal transposition and lost weight
      compared to the other groups. Small intestinal and pancreatic mass increased
      after ileal transposition, especially the mass of the transposed segment.
      Specific activities of the brush border disaccharidases, sucrase and lactase,
      were not significantly affected by surgery. Enzyme activities in the proximal
      small intestine increased after ileal transposition when the increased mucosal
      mass was taken into account. The results of these studies confirm that ileal
      transposition depresses food intake. The lack of adverse effects on intestinal
      structure and function may represent an advantage of ileal transposition over
      other intestinal surgeries for weight reduction.

PMID- 6431460
TI  - Visual unit, EEG and sustained potential shift responses in the brains of toads
      (Bufo bufo) during alert and defensive behavior.
AB  - Cranially mounted differential preamplifiers allowed visual unit activity, EEGs
      and sustained potential shifts to be monitored from the tectum of freely moving
      toads (Bufo bufo). Alert behavior was elicited by a moving visual stimulus.
      Movement of the stimulus in the receptive field of a unit elicited its activity
      and increased the amplitude of the high frequency component of the local EEG,
      accompanied by a sustained potential shift. When an animal received a "prod" with
      a perspex rod, defensive behavior ensued accompanied by slight activity of the
      visual unit, a large increase in the amplitude of the lower frequency component
      of the EEG and a large, sustained, potential shift. The results are discussed in
      relation to the specific neuronal unit responses of the animal and to possible
      sensitising functions of the non-specific EEG and sustained potential shift
      responses.

PMID- 6431461
TI  - Amoxapine and amitriptyline. I. Relative speed of antidepressant action.
AB  - Speed of onset of antidepressant effect was studied in 20 depressed outpatients
      assigned double-blind to equipotent doses of amoxapine or amitriptyline. In
      counter-balanced order, each patient had 2 periods of 3 weeks on active agent
      interspersed with 2 similar periods of placebo control. On daily and weekly self
      ratings, amoxapine was found to reduce symptoms significantly more rapidly than
      amitriptyline. Psychiatrist-ratings were consonant with self-reports.

PMID- 6431462
TI  - Amoxapine and amitriptyline. II. Specificity of cognitive effects during brief
      treatment of depression.
AB  - Cognitive effects of brief antidepressant treatments were studied in depressed
      outpatients assigned double-blind to equipotent doses of amoxapine or
      amitriptyline in a 12-week double-crossover of 3-week periods of active agent and
      placebo. The two drugs had different profiles of effects: amitriptyline was
      associated with faster reaction time on tests of attention and immediate memory,
      reduced accuracy on an attention task, and impaired long-term memory (after 1 but
      not 3 weeks); amoxapine slowed performance and increased intraperson variability
      on a psychomotor coordination task. Amitriptyline facilitated performance in the
      more depressed patients, and amoxapine in the older patients. Both agents also
      increased pulse rate and reduced palmar sweating.

PMID- 6431463
TI  - Electroencephalographic and behavioral correlates in rats during repeated ethanol
      withdrawal syndromes.
AB  - Rats chronically implanted with electrodes in the amygdala, thalamus,
      hippocampus, and cortex were addicted twice, separated by an interval of 2 weeks,
      with 18 days of ethanol liquid diet. The diet consumption and the blood ethanol
      levels (BELs) were carefully controlled twice a day during both addictive phases.
      After ethanol removal the behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) changes
      were continuously monitored for 24 h. During each withdrawal the behavioral and
      EEG changes appeared at the same time, the EEG changes being of shorter duration.
      Behavioral and EEG changes (primarily in hippocampus) were more severe and of
      earlier onset during the second withdrawal. In spite of an ethanol liquid diet
      intake comparable to that of the first addiction, during the ethanol readdiction
      the BELs were found to fluctuate. The results support the hypothesis of an
      ethanol withdrawal potentiation through a mechanism of kindling of different
      brain areas related to the observed BEL fluctuations.

PMID- 6431464
TI  - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and a TRH analogue, MK-771, on
      punished responding of squirrel monkeys.
AB  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and an enzyme-resistant
      analogue, MK-771, were compared on punished responding of squirrel monkeys
      maintained either by food presentation or stimulus-shock termination. Both TRH
      and MK-771 (1.0-30 mg/kg IM) produced dose-related decreases in punished
      responding maintained by food presentation and dose-related increases in punished
      responding maintained by shock termination. TRH was more potent than MK-771 in
      altering punished response rates maintained by either event.

PMID- 6431465
TI  - Electroconvulsive treatment and haloperidol: effects on pre- and postsynaptic
      dopamine receptors in rat brain.
AB  - Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) has a transitory beneficial effect on patients
      with Parkinson's disease (PD). The possibility that this effect is mediated by
      dopamine (DA) receptors was investigated in the rat brain. Repeated ECT or
      chronic haloperidol treatment induced supersensitivity of putative autoreceptors
      in the nigrostrital and mesolimbic DA pathways as reflected by enhanced
      apomorphine-induced inhibition of DA synthesis. Effect of simultaneous
      administration of ECT plus haloperidol on DA receptor sensitivity were not
      additive. Chronic haloperidol treatment induced significant elevations in the
      density of 3[H]-spiperone striatal binding sites. Concurrent administration of
      ECT had no effect on the neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity. ECT alone was also
      without effect on 3[H]-spiperone binding. Thus, ECT-induced increases in the
      sensitivity of presynaptic autoinhibition of DA release was not reflected by
      changes in the striatal 3[H]-spiperone binding sites. This suggests that effects
      of ECT on the DA system are not mediated by dopamine D2 receptors.

PMID- 6431466
TI  - Alcohol is an effective cue in the conditional control of tolerance to alcohol.
AB  - To assess the effectiveness of a pharmacological cue as a conditional stimulus in
      the Pavlovian model of drug tolerance, two groups of Wistar rats received equal
      numbers of IP injections of a low and a high dose of alcohol. One group (Paired)
      received a low dose (0.8 g/kg) of alcohol followed 60 min later by the high dose
      (2.5 g/kg). Another group (Unpaired) received the low and high doses on an
      unpaired basis. When tested for tolerance to the hypothermic effect of the high
      dose of alcohol, only the Paired group showed tolerance, and only if the low dose
      preceded the high. When a saline injection preceded the high dose injection, the
      Paired group showed a loss of tolerance. The Paired group also showed a
      compensatory hyperthermia following the low dose injection. Animals from the
      Paired group that received repeated administrations of the low dose followed by
      saline, showed a significant extinction effect as compared with animals that
      received repeated saline injections only. These findings support the Pavlovian
      model of conditional tolerance, extending the realm of effective conditional
      stimuli to include a low dose of a drug.

PMID- 6431467
TI  - Opposite action of m-chlorophenylpiperazine on avoidance depression induced by
      trazodone and pimozide in CD-1 mice.
AB  - m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP) given in doses up to 2 mg/kg did not affect
      conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) of CD-1 mice pre-trained in a shuttle box.
      It reversed the inhibitory action of trazodone (10 mg/kg) on CAR, but dose
      dependently potentiated the inhibitory effect of pimozide (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg).
      Apparently, dopaminergic transmission is important for the attenuating effect of
      CPP on CAR inhibition.

PMID- 6431468
TI  - Effects of carbamazepine and anti-depressant drugs on endogenous catecholamine
      levels in the cerebroventricular compartment of the rat.
AB  - Concentrations of endogenous norepinephrine, dopamine and epinephrine in
      cerebroventricular perfusates were used to evaluate the effects of drugs on the
      availability of extracellular catecholamines in the intact rat brain.
      Administration of the antidepressant drugs imipramine, desmethylimipramine or
      tranylcypromine resulted in marked increases of both norepinephrine and dopamine
      concentrations while epinephrine levels were not affected. Treatment with a
      similar dose of carbamazepine - an anticonvulsant drug with antidepressant
      activity - resulted in a significant increase in dopamine concentrations without
      apparent effect on either norepinephrine or epinephrine. It is suggested that at
      the applied dose, carbamazepine may act to modify the uptake, release or
      metabolism of dopamine in brain areas adjacent to the cerebroventricular space
      without affecting the other catecholamines.

PMID- 6431469
TI  - Discriminative stimulus properties of fenfluramine: evidence for serotonergic
      involvement.
AB  - Rats were trained to discriminate 3 mg/kg fenfluramine (FEN) from saline using a
      milk-reinforced (FR 10 schedule) two-lever operant task. To assess the
      involvement of the serotonin (5-HT) system in elicitation of the FEN cue, 5-HT
      compounds were tested for their ability to substitute for or to antagonize the
      the discriminative stimulus produced by FEN. Following acquisition, the FEN cue
      was dose-dependent, had a rapid onset (10 min) and a long duration (12 h), and
      was stereospecific. The putative 5-HT receptor antagonists methysergide and
      cinanserin antagonized the FEN discriminative stimulus, while chlordiazepoxide,
      an indirect inhibitor of 5-HT turnover, did not. The FEN cue was also antagonized
      by the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Norfenfluramine, p-fluoro
      amphetamine, and p-chloroamphetamine, compounds structurally and
      pharmacologically similar to FEN, substituted for FEN, whereas fluoxetine,
      cinanserin, methysergide, and chlordiazepoxide did not. The 5-HT precursor 5
      hydroxytryptophan partially generalized to the FEN cue. It was further shown that
      the discriminative stimulus properties of FEN are not based on its anorectic
      action. These results suggest that the cue properties of FEN might be partially
      mediated through an interaction with the 5-HT system.

PMID- 6431470
TI  - Sleep pattern alterations by naloxone. Partial prevention by haloperidol.
AB  - A continuous intravenous infusion of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone, at
      doses ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 micrograms/kg/min (total dose 8.8-13.2 mg), was
      performed in eight normal subjects during the first 240 min of night sleep. A
      significant reduction in stage REM and in stage 4 percent duration was observed.
      Pretreatment with the dopamine receptor blocking agent haloperidol (2 mg
      intramuscularly before sleep onset) partially prevented the naloxone effect,
      suggesting that it is due, at least in part, to the stimulation of dopamine
      receptors.

PMID- 6431471
TI  - The nature of lorazepam-induced amnesia.
AB  - The effect of lorazepam (2.5 mg) was assessed in two tests of short-term
      retention (digit-span and Benton Visual Retention), and in verbal learning and
      picture recognition tests. Lorazepam was without effect in a test of digit-span,
      but it impaired performance in the Benton Visual Retention and picture
      recognition tests. In the verbal learning test lorazepam caused a severe
      anterograde amnesia. Increasing arousal during the presentation of material
      partially overcame this effect, but also improved the performance of controls.
      Lorazepam-treated subjects were able to learn a backwards-reading task at a rate
      no different from controls. The deficits caused by lorazepam are similar to those
      that have been observed in patients with the amnesic syndrome.

PMID- 6431472
TI  - Response changes after repeated low apomorphine: dopamine autoreceptor
      desensitization or learning?
AB  - Repeated injection of rats with low doses of apomorphine (APO), which selectively
      interact with dopamine (DA) autoreceptors, caused a change in yawning responses
      that suggests initial low-APO-induced desensitization of DA autoreceptors,
      followed by a long-lasting rebound hypersensitivity. Repeated treatment with low
      APO followed by open-field testing, however, yielded totally different results.
      APO accelerated intrasession response decrement and upon repeated administration
      enhanced the intersession response decrement. Both for yawning and open-field
      behavior, the response change after the second dose of APO was only evident when
      the first as well as the second APO injection were followed by exposure of the
      rat to the same test situation. These results indicate that response changes
      after repeated treatment with low APO are not due to a simple DA-agonist-induced
      change in receptor sensitivity but that drug experience combined with
      environmental influences play a decisive role.

PMID- 6431473
TI  - Abolition of the expression but not the acquisition of latent inhibition by
      chronic amphetamine in rats.
AB  - The animal amphetamine model of schizophrenia has been based primarily on
      stereotyped behavior. The present study sought to demonstrate an amphetamine
      induced deficit in attentional processes. To this end, the effects of acute and
      chronic (14 days) 1.5 mg/kg dl-amphetamine administration on the ability of rats
      to ignore irrelevant stimuli were examined using the paradigm of latent
      inhibition (LI) in a conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure. The
      procedure consisted of three stages: pre-exposure, in which the to-be-conditioned
      stimulus, tone, was presented without being followed by reinforcement;
      acquisition, in which the pre-exposed tone was paired with shock; and test, in
      which LI was indexed by animals' suppression of licking during tone presentation.
      Experiment 1 showed that chronic but not acute treatment abolished LI. Experiment
      2 showed that animals receiving chronic amphetamine pretreatment but pre-exposed
      and conditioned without the drug, exhibited normal LI. In Experiment 3, animals
      which received chronic amphetamine pretreatment and were pre-exposed under the
      drug but conditioned without it, also showed normal LI. The implications of these
      results for the animal amphetamine model of schizophrenia are discussed.

PMID- 6431474
TI  - Discriminative stimulus properties of pizotifen maleate (BC105): a putative
      serotonin antagonist.
AB  - Rats were trained to discriminate the putative serotonin (5-HT) antagonist,
      pizotifen maleate (BC105), from saline using a two-lever drug discrimination
      paradigm. Pizotifen maleate (6 mg/kg, 14.6 mumol/kg, IP) or saline was
      administered 55 min prior to the operant training session. The pizotifen
      discriminative stimulus (DS) had a rapid onset (less than 7 min) and was of long
      duration. The pizotifen DS was dose dependent. The pizotifen DS did not
      generalize to the putative 5-HT antagonists, methiothepin, xylamidine, and
      cinanserin. Partial generalization was observed to methysergide and metergoline,
      and complete generalization to cyrproheptadine and the phenothiazine
      antihistamine, promethazine. The pizotifen DS failed to generalize to the
      antipsychotic chlorpromazine, the ethanolamine antihistamine diphenhydramine, the
      CNS stimulant, d-amphetamine, and the putative 5-HT agonists, LSD and quipazine.
      LSD and quipazine failed to antagonize the pizotifen DS. The results of this
      study suggest that different DS properties are associated with the different
      putative 5-HT antagonists and that pizotifen and cyproheptadine, in addition to
      their reported 5-HT antagonist properties, share a common property that is also
      associated with promethazine, probably involving antihistaminergic activity.

PMID- 6431475
TI  - Speed of movement initiation performance predicts differences in [3H]spiroperidol
      receptor binding in normal rats.
AB  - Speed of movement initiation is altered in normal aging and in neurological
      disorders such as Parkinson's disease. This study was undertaken to extend our
      previous results, which suggested a relationship between nigrostriatal dopamine
      function and an animal model of movement initiation speed (reactive capacity).
      Fisher 344 rats exhibiting exceptionally fast or slow reactive capacity but
      otherwise normal were examined for differences in the striatal binding of the
      dopaminergic ligand, [3H]spiroperidol. Rats with fast reactive capacity (Fast
      rats) exhibited significantly higher binding than did rats with slow reactive
      capacity (Slow rats). Also, Fast rats responded nearly maximally on the reactive
      capacity task regardless of the duration of time provided in which to respond,
      whereas Slow rats reacted more slowly when more response time was provided. The
      differences in [3H]spiroperidol binding and the differential influence of time
      provided to respond on the response latency of these two normal groups of rats
      was similar to that observed in old or model Parkinson's disease rats having
      nigrostriatal dopamine deficits. These results strengthen the relationship
      between an animal model of reactive capacity and nigrostriatal dopamine function.

PMID- 6431477
TI  - Technology assessment, a private-public partnership.

PMID- 6431476
TI  - Methysergide decreases prolactin release after FK 33-824 [Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe
      Met(o)-ol], a potent analogue of methionine enkephalin. A study in man.
AB  - This study investigated the mechanisms which may underly the prolactin (PRL)
      stimulating effects of FK 33-824, a potent enkephalin analogue. FK 33-824 (1 mg)
      was infused in healthy volunteers before and after pretreatment with 3 mg
      methysergide, a serotonin receptor blocker. All subjects showed a release of PRL
      after FK 33-824, which was significantly diminished after pretreatment with
      methysergide.

PMID- 6431478
TI  - Laetrile: the regulatory challenge of an unproven remedy.
AB  - The controversy over Laetrile is nearly at an end, the worthlessness of the drug
      having been demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. But the Laetrile experience
      raised important questions of public policy, some of which remain unresolved and
      all of which are worthy of examination. Could the Laetrile phenomenon have been
      prevented? Did the regulatory system perform as intended? Could there be another
      Laetrile? The drug regulatory system administered under law by the Food and Drug
      Administration, like any other system carried out by Government in a free
      society, functions only so long and so far as the public will allow. Survey after
      survey shows that there is overwhelming support by the American people for the
      consumer health protection activities of the FDA. But, as the case of Laetrile
      proves, that support is neither absolute nor permanent. It can be selectively or
      totally withdrawn. In those circumstances, it would seem that the best, perhaps
      the only, recourse in a free society is for those institutions and groups that
      have a responsibility for protection of the public health--institutions outside
      Government as well as within it--to identify, expose, and halt quackery that
      threatens the public health and welfare. Their weapons in such a struggle are
      facts as well as laws, credibility as well as confidence, compassion as well as
      the scientific method. While the role of a drug regulatory agency may be limited,
      submission of scientific data as part of application for an investigational
      permit should be encouraged. If a promoter of an unproven remedy does not follow
      the usual channels to demonstrate safety and efficacy, consideration must be
      given by others to sponsoring such studies; however, concurrent regulatory
      (enforcement)and public education activities are to be encouraged and should not
      be seen as conflicting.

PMID- 6431479
TI  - The story of "Joseph M."--mass media against "medical bureaucracy".

PMID- 6431480
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome: chronology of state and federal epidemiologic studies and
      regulatory decision-making.

PMID- 6431481
TI  - The role of epidemiology in the regulation of oral contraceptives.
AB  - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has relied to a great degree on
      epidemiologic studies in the regulation of oral contraceptives (OC). These
      epidemiologic studies range from individual case reports of adverse reactions to
      case-control studies and cohort studies. Important findings about adverse
      reactions to OCs have been communicated through "labeling," which includes
      information leaflets provided as package inserts for physicians and patients.
      Also, the FDA communicates its position through publications in medical journals,
      the FDA Drug Bulletin, public advisory committee meetings, workshops, and
      symposia. The agency responds to new epidemiologic information; labeling
      guidelines are under continuing review and revision. Patterns of oral
      contraceptive use have been affected by the dissemination of this information.
      There has been a decline in the use of OCs, a shift to formulations with lesser
      steroidal content, and a greater emphasis on OC use in optimal groups, such as
      young, nonsmoking women. Considered for future epidemiologic studies that may
      have an impact on regulatory action are a clarification of the role of various
      progestins in regard to blood lipid alteration and atherogenesis, a delineation
      of the possible persistence of cardiovascular risk after termination of OC use,
      and further clarification in regard to neoplasia, particularly breast and
      cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 6431482
TI  - Investigational trials of anticancer drugs: establishing safeguards for
      experimentation.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute since 1955 has been charged with responsibility for
      discovering new anti-cancer agents and bringing them to clinical trial. These
      activities are carried out by NCI's Developmental Therapeutics Program, which has
      established systems for discovery, experimental testing, bulk synthesis,
      formulation, and toxicological testing of candidate drugs, and by the Cancer
      Therapy Evaluation Program, which conducts initial trials to establish safe doses
      of new agents and to determine their utility in treating specific forms of
      cancer. These clinical trials are conducted both at NCI in Bethesda, Md., and at
      selected cancer centers throughout the United States. This paper describes the
      safeguards that NCI has built into the clinical trials system in the past decade
      safeguards that ensure the safety of patients and the accuracy of data collected
      and at the same time allow efficient testing of each promising new agent in the
      fight against cancer. Recent improvements in cancer survival leave little doubt
      that patients are indeed benefiting from extensive efforts to discover and
      develop new drugs for cancer treatment.

PMID- 6431483
TI  - Nitrosamines in bacon: a case study of balancing risks.
AB  - Nitrite has been used for centuries to preserve, color, and flavor meat. Today,
      about 10 billion pounds of cured meat products are produced annually, accounting
      for some one-tenth of the American food supply. Regulators became concerned about
      the safety of using nitrite in the early 1960s when studies showed the presence
      of carcinogenic nitrosamines in cured meat products. In the early 1970s, a study
      at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology implicated nitrite itself as a
      carcinogen. As studies have raised concern over the safety of nitrite, regulators
      have had to weigh the potential risk from cancer against nitrite's proven role in
      protecting consumers from deadly food poisoning bacteria. Today there is little
      scientific support for the theory that nitrite is a direct carcinogen. To deal
      with the nitrosamine problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) lowered
      the permissible amount of nitrite in cured meats to that level considered
      necessary for botulism protection. Regulators, however, found it necessary to
      take additional steps with bacon because nitrosamines were found consistently in
      fried bacon samples. In addition to lowering the amount of nitrite that could be
      added to "pumped bacon" (cured by injecting liquid curing agents in the pork
      belly), USDA required the addition of nitrosamine inhibitors and began an
      intensive monitoring program in processing plants to ensure that fried bacon did
      not contain confirmable nitrosamines. The cooperative effort between Government
      and industry resulted in the virtual elimination of confirmable nitrosamines in
      pumped bacon by 1980. USDA is continuing its efforts to reduce nitrite in meats
      wherever possible. It is involved in active research programs in the Federal
      Government, academia, and industry.

PMID- 6431484
TI  - Using epidemiology to regulate food additives: saccharin case-control studies.
AB  - The increasing use of nonnutritive sweeteners and the widely publicized 1969 ban
      on cyclamate led to additional investigations in rodents of the carcinogenic
      potential of saccharin. Preliminary results of a long-term feeding study
      indicated formation of bladder tumors in rodents, and collective experimental
      evidence has demonstrated that high doses of the synthetic sweetener saccharin
      can cause bladder cancer in rodents. Based on the results of that and other
      rodent studies indicating an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with
      saccharin, the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration announced the
      agency's intention to propose a ban on saccharin. This intention was made known
      in April 1977 under the Delaney Clause of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The
      clause essentially states that no additive shall be deemed safe if it is found to
      induce cancer in man or animals, or if it is found, after tests appropriate for
      the evaluation of the safety of food additives, to induce cancer in man or
      animals. Also in 1977, a group of epidemiologists began to assess the available
      epidemiologic information to determine the potential human risk. This report
      describes the assessment of several human epidemiologic studies available then
      and the results of more recent epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 6431485
TI  - Thyroid tumors associated with radiation exposure.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies of medically and environmentally exposed populations have
      been central to establishing ionizing radiation as a cause of malignant and
      benign thyroid tumors. Issues currently under investigation concern low dose
      effects, age sensitivity, the relative effectiveness of X-rays and iodine-131 in
      inducing thyroid cancer, and other risk factors. Excess thyroid tumors continue
      to appear in irradiated populations under study more than three decades after
      exposure.

PMID- 6431486
TI  - The 1990 objectives for the nation for control of stress and violent behavior:
      progress report.
AB  - The control of stress and violent behavior is 1 of the 15 priority areas
      addressed in the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. The National
      Institute of Mental Health, which provides a national focus for the Federal
      effort to increase knowledge of, and promote effective strategies dealing with,
      issues associated with mental illness and mental health, has been designated the
      lead Federal agency in this priority area. The authors summarize progress
      achieved and further activities planned with respect to 10 objectives for control
      of stress and violent behavior that have been selected for Federal
      implementation. The objectives for control of stress include improved public and
      professional awareness of community agencies that can provide professional
      services, hotlines, and mutual support groups. The objectives for control of
      violent behavior address three major problems: deaths from homicide among young
      black males, suicide among the young, and child abuse. Achievement of several of
      the objectives is currently impeded by lack of a valid data base. Efforts have
      been initiated, both by individual agencies and through collaboration among the
      various participating Public Health Service components, to develop valid and
      reliable baseline data and surveillance procedures.

PMID- 6431487
TI  - The social desirability of preventive health behavior.
AB  - The relationship between measures of social desirability and various preventive
      health behaviors was examined directly for 235 females and 171 males from the
      British public and 182 females and 49 males from the University of Toronto,
      Canada. Both simple and partial correlations controlling for age showed that
      social desirability scores were related to total preventive behavior scores
      formed on the basis of the responses to 42 items, as well as many of the
      individual preventive behavior items. To ensure that this relationship was not
      unique to the present study, the response frequencies for 15 behavior items in
      this study were compared with those reported by another investigator who also
      used these 15 behavior items, and were found to be quite similar. Simple and
      partial correlations controlling for age showed that social desirability scores
      were significantly correlated with more of these 15 behaviors than one would
      expect by chance. The implications of the association of social desirability and
      preventive health behavior for the measurement of preventive health behavior,
      future research, and health education are discussed.

PMID- 6431488
TI  - High utilizers of ambulatory care services: 6-year followup at Alaska Native
      Medical Center.
AB  - In a retrospective study, 100 randomly selected, high utilizers of ambulatory
      care services in 1972 were followed for a 6-year period, 1973-78. The 22 men and
      78 women had visited the Alaska Native Medical Center in Anchorage 15 or more
      time in 1972. Each patient was matched by age and sex with a control patient who
      had made three or fewer visits. There were predominately more women than men in
      all age groups in the high-utilizer group and in all but one age group in the
      general clinic population. High-utilizer men as a group were older than high
      utilizer women. In the followup period, the men in the high-utilizer group had
      three times the number of hospitalizations as the controls, and women had two
      times the number. At the end of the followup period, 1 of every 4 men in the high
      utilizer group had died, and 1 of every 10 women had died. One-half of these
      deaths were associated with alcohol. Several approaches to high-utilizer patients
      are useful. A well-organized medical record, with a complete problem list and
      index, is imperative. Just as helpful is only having one or several health care
      providers consistently see the patient at each encounter. Until there is more
      study of these complex issues, high utilizers must be recognized as a subgroup of
      patients at high risk for hospitalization and early death.

PMID- 6431489
TI  - Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type B disease among Navajo Indians.
AB  - During a 7-year period ending June 30, 1980, the annual incidence of all
      Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among Navajo children less than 5 years old
      was 214 per 100,000, and that of H. influenzae meningitis was 152 per 100,000.
      Eighty-one percent of H. influenzae meningitis occurred in children 12 months of
      age or younger, and 64 percent clustered in children ages 4 through 8 months.
      Meningitis accounted for 70 percent of all invasive disease. No epiglottitis was
      observed. The epidemiology is similar to that in Yupik Eskimos, who have an even
      higher rate of H. influenzae type b disease than Navajos but are a much smaller
      population. Mortality from H. influenzae meningitis was low (4 percent) among
      Navajo children, but neurological sequelae were observed in at least 16 percent
      of the survivors. This high rate of sequelae may be due in part to clustering of
      cases in infancy. Among normal Navajo neonates, 79 percent had maternal capsular
      type b antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms per deciliter
      (microgram per dl), and the whole group had a geometric mean titer of 0.51
      micrograms per dl. By age 4 months, when meningitis cases became frequent, only
      14 percent of Navajo infants had antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.15
      micrograms per dl. Twelve of 67 asymptomatic infants (18 percent), each monitored
      every 2 months, had H. influenzae type b or a cross-reacting organism isolated
      from the pharynx on at least one occasion before they were 9 months old. Active
      immunization would be theoretically indicated in this population with high
      H.influenzae type b exposure and disease, but a vaccine would have to confer
      substantial immunity in very young infants.

PMID- 6431490
TI  - Analysis of the reversal in breast feeding trends in the early 1970s.
AB  - The long downward trend in the practice of breast feeding was reversed during the
      1972-73 period. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth conducted by the
      National Center for Health Statistics were used to investigate the social
      correlates of breast feeding during the periods 1970-72 and 1973-75 to determine
      if these factors were related to the reversal in the breast feeding trend. A
      multivariate log linear modeling technique was used to test hypotheses regarding
      the direct and indirect effects of education, race, employment status, and source
      of prenatal care. While education, race, and employment status were directly
      related to the breast feeding decision, the analysis showed that the trend in
      breast feeding was unrelated to these correlates. Two alternate conclusions may
      be drawn from these findings: first, it is possible that changes in infant
      feeding practices occur earlier in some groups than in others, but the
      characteristics that distinguish such groups are not included in conventional
      social demographic data. Alternately, it is possible that the practice of breast
      feeding appeals equally to all social groups, and changes in the practice occur
      in response to broad social forces which affect society as a whole.

PMID- 6431491
TI  - Marital status and its relation to the use of short-stay hospitals and nursing
      homes.
AB  - Marital status has been associated with a wide variety of health indices and
      health practices. To better understand the relation of marital status to use of
      health facilities, discharge data from two surveys conducted by the National
      Center for Health Statistics--the 1979 National Hospital Discharge Survey and the
      1976 National Nursing Home Survey--were examined by marital status, sex, age,
      diagnosed condition, and, for nursing home data, source of payment. For the four
      marital status categories considered in this analysis (married, never married,
      separated and divorced, and widowed), married and never married persons had the
      lowest overall discharge rates and widowed persons had the highest. Among men in
      each of the categories, those less than 45 years of age had the lowest rates,
      while never married and widowed men 45 and older generally had the highest rates.
      Among persons 45 years of age and older, the married-especially women-had the
      lowest rates and the never married-especially men-had the highest rates. A
      consistent finding was that, for never married persons, rates of use for both
      short-stay hospitals and nursing homes, as measured by discharge rates, increased
      to a greater degree with age than they did for the other marital groups. The
      possible reasons for the difference in use of health facilities by the different
      marital groups are discussed and the importance of marital status as a
      determinant of such use is stressed.

PMID- 6431492
TI  - Prescribing estrogen during menopause: physician survey of practices in 1974 and
      1981.
AB  - A physician survey was conducted in 13 counties surrounding Albany and Syracuse,
      N.Y., to determine estrogen prescribing patterns for treatment of problems
      associated with menopause. A case history of a 51-year-old woman was included in
      questionnaires sent to the physicians, who were asked how they would treat her in
      1981 and how they would have treated her in 1974. Of the 717 questionnaires
      mailed to gynecologists, internists, and family practitioners, 584 were returned,
      a response rate of 81 percent. When asked how they would treat the woman, who was
      described as having frequent, severe hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms,
      65 percent of the physicians practicing in both 1974 and 1981 would prescribe
      estrogen for the patient in 1981; 82 percent would have done so in 1974. Although
      87 percent of the gynecologists would have prescribed estrogen both years, the
      gynecologists surveyed would have decreased daily estrogen doses of 1.25 mg by 72
      percent and increased daily doses of .625 mg and .3 mg by 68 percent. Overall, 19
      percent of the physicians surveyed would prescribe a daily estrogen dose of 1.25
      mg or more for more than 6 months or .625 mg daily for 3 or more years in 1981,
      compared with 48 percent in 1974. These results suggest that many physicians have
      responded to the increasing evidence in the literature of a link between using
      estrogen to treat menopausal symptoms and endometrial cancer by switching from
      high doses of estrogen for long durations to smaller doses for shorter durations.
      Many physicians are also simply prescribing estrogens for fewer patients.

PMID- 6431493
TI  - Hyperechoic foci in the gallbladder wall as a sign of microabscess formation or
      diverticula.
AB  - Abdominal sonography in 7 patients with acute biliary disease revealed focal echo
      collections within the wall of the gallbladder in addition to cholelithiasis and
      diffuse mural thickening. A prospective study was conducted, comparing in vivo
      and in vitro sonography of the gallbladder with histopathological findings. In 3
      patients, microscopy of the hyperchoic tissue showed microabscesses. In 4,
      intramural diverticula containing inspissated bile, small stones, or cholesterol
      crystals were seen. The authors caution that hyperchoic foci within the wall of
      the gallbladder may indicate intrinsic disease separate from cholelithiasis or
      cholecystitis.

PMID- 6431494
TI  - [Proline iminopeptidase].

PMID- 6431495
TI  - [Microbial amine oxidase].

PMID- 6431496
TI  - [DABITC microsequence analysis of proteins].

PMID- 6431497
TI  - [Endo-beta-galactosidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae].

PMID- 6431498
TI  - [Endo-beta-galactosidase from Flavobacterium keratolyticus and Escherichia
      freundii].

PMID- 6431499
TI  - RHC 80267 inhibits thyrotropin-stimulated prostaglandin release from rat thyroid
      lobes.
AB  - In the present report, we studied the effect of the diglyceride (DG) lipase
      inhibitor, RHC 80267 on basal and thyrotropin (TSH)-stimulated prostaglandin (PG)
      release from rat thyroid lobes Further, we tested the effect of RHC 80267 on
      phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C (PIPLC), DG lipase, and arachidonate cyclo
      oxygenase activities in rat thyroid cytosol, plasma membrane, and whole
      homogenate preparations, respectively. Whereas RHC 80267 inhibited DG lipase
      activity in a dose-related manner from 0.5-10 microns (17-80% inhibition), it
      failed to inhibit either PIPLC or arachidonate cyclo-oxygenase activities by more
      than 9% when tested at 5 and 10 microns (n = 3). RHC 80267 reduced TSH-stimulated
      6-keto-PGF1alpha and PGF2alpha release by 100 +/- 14% and 57 +/- 12%,
      respectively (means + S.E.; p less than 0.01 for both; n = 10-12); the
      diglyceride lipase inhibitor did not reduce basal release of either PG. These
      data provide additional evidence which implicate a PIPLC-DG lipase pathway in TSH
      stimulated PG synthesis in thyroid.

PMID- 6431500
TI  - Iothalamate stimulates hydroperoxide formation by soybean lipoxygenase.
AB  - Sodium iothalamate produced a dose dependent increase in basal oxygen consumption
      when soybean lipoxygenase was incubated with arachidonic acid in 0.1M borate
      buffer pH 9.0. The increase in oxygen consumption was associated with an increase
      in absorbance at 234 nm indicating an increased conjugated diene formation. The
      stimulation of 02 consumption was demonstrated to be due to an increase in 1500H
      arachidonic formation. The increase in 1500H arachidonate formation could be
      blocked by mannitol which is an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase enzyme. N-methyl
      glucamine (meglumine) which is added to some preparations of iothalamate, was
      also able to suppress the increase in hydroperoxide formation in a dose dependent
      fashion.

PMID- 6431501
TI  - Leukotrienes and the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6431502
TI  - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus: presentation of a case].

PMID- 6431503
TI  - [Nutritional evaluation of pediatric cancer patients].

PMID- 6431504
TI  - [Imaging of blood flow-dependent curve parameters in the course of sequential
      computed tomography of the kidneys following intravenous injection of a contrast
      bolus].
AB  - Since the introduction of fast CT scanners with short scanning times the early
      density changes observed during the first transit of a contrast bolus can be
      clearly demonstrated and quantified. A theoretical curve can be fit to the CT
      data describing the density changes in the kidney according to the indicator
      dilution principle. A curve parameter can be obtained which characterizes the
      shape of the curve. Then an image can be calculated which reflects the selected
      curve parameter rather than tissue densities. Such images have been termed
      "functional images". Using this type of imaging we were able to demonstrate acute
      changes in renal perfusion.

PMID- 6431505
TI  - [Comparison of the electrocardiographic changes resulting from Urografin 76 and
      Iopamidol (Solutrast 370) during coronary angiography].
AB  - The electrocardiographic changes during, and immediately after, 410 injections in
      50 patients were studied and related to the findings on coronary angiography and
      to the type of contrast medium used; the contrast media were Urografin 76 and the
      non-ionic Iopamidol 370. The results showed that 1.E.C.G. changes are much less
      marked if there is a stenosis of the coronary vessels. 2. Iopamidol 370 showed
      much less electrocardiographic change than was produced by Urografin 76.

PMID- 6431506
TI  - [Infestation of the pancreas with Echinococcus cysticus].

PMID- 6431507
TI  - [Rare intrapericardial localization of Echinococcus granulosus].

PMID- 6431508
TI  - [Aspiration of barium sulfate as a fatal complication in dermatomyositis].

PMID- 6431509
TI  - [Computed tomographic classification of gunshot wounds of the head].
AB  - Twenty-four patients following head bullet injuries were analyzed by CT. The
      major part, concerning 10 patients, refers to acute perforating lesions. Five
      cases showed penetrating injuries, 3 cases bolt injuries, the other ones lesions
      of the facial skull and residues of former bullet injuries. Because of a tempory
      cavitation the bullet track is wider than the bullet itself. The position of the
      skull fragments gives a hint to the shot direction. A reconstruction of
      intracranial bullet movements and spontaneous bullet dislocations is made
      possible by CT. It further shows secondary posttraumatic lesions.

PMID- 6431510
TI  - Left side abdominal abscess from a retroperitoneal perforation of a duodenal
      ulcer.

PMID- 6431511
TI  - [Computed tomographic detection of massive intrathoracic hemorrhage due to
      phenprocoumon].

PMID- 6431512
TI  - [Roentgen morphology of a plastic ball plombage].

PMID- 6431513
TI  - [Localization of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas with CT cisternography].
AB  - Positive CT cisternography has proved a useful method for the accurate pre
      operative localisation of liquor fistulae from the skull base. In this way,
      planning of surgery can be improved with respect to the operative approach and
      the area to be covered. The risk of a recurrence is also reduced. It is
      necessary, however, to have a clinically recognisable leak at the time of the
      examination, since it is otherwise difficult to indicate the flow during the
      examination. We regard persistent or recurrent liquorrhoea as an indication for
      this examination, irrespective of its cause, provided it is intended to proceed
      to surgery after a positive finding. The method has few complications, is easy to
      perform and, in case of recurrence, can be repeated.

PMID- 6431514
TI  - [Herpes simplex encephalitis on the computed tomogram].
AB  - Referring to 9 patients of our own material we report on the pattern of
      distribution and the development of CT-changes in Herpes simplex encephalitis
      (HSE). Our cases include the outstanding findings of a primarily hemorrhagic HSE
      and an extensive calcification at the residual stage on the borderline of
      widespread tissue necrosis on a baby. With respect to literature we receive a
      quite homogeneous picture, reflecting the crucial characteristics of the disease
      as known from neuropathology.

PMID- 6431515
TI  - [Intravenous administration of contrast medium during computed tomography (CT) of
      the operated lumbar spine].
AB  - In 35 patients with recurrent radicular complaints which occurred 4 weeks to 38
      months after operation for lumbar disc herniation, the degree of contrast
      enhancement of hypertrophic scar tissue was examined. All patients were scanned
      before and immediately after intravenous contrast application (volume: 1.5-2.0
      ml/kg body weight, flow rate: 0.35 ml/sec). In 83% of the cases hypertrophic scar
      tissue did show definite contrast enhancement, whereas disc herniation remained
      unenhanced. Comparison between contrast enhancement and age of scar tissue
      produced poor correlation (r = 0.3012) with older scarring showing a trend
      towards lower enhancement levels. In cases where morphologic and topographic
      criteria in plain CT examination fail to yield a diagnosis, intravenous contrast
      application is recommended. Our data indicate that even those patients might
      benefit from the procedure who have been operated upon for disc herniation
      several months or years ago.

PMID- 6431516
TI  - [Value of computed tomography for the assessment of lymph node metastases in
      ovarian cancer].
AB  - The value of CT for demonstrating iliac and retroperitoneal lymph nodes involved
      by ovarian carcinoma was examined following primary or secondary laparotomy in 62
      patients. CT had an accuracy of 74%, sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 67%;
      there were false negatives in 20% and false positives in 33%. Local tumours of
      grade I and II, with no evidence of retroperitoneal metastases and normal
      palpation, must have intra-operative lymph node biopsies in order to exclude
      micrometastases. Under these circumstances, pre-operative lymphography need not
      be carried out.

PMID- 6431517
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker syndrome using sonography and computed
      tomography].
AB  - A case of Dandy-Walker-syndrome is presented, comparing the value of sonography
      and CT in intrauterine diagnosis. Together with a review of the literature of the
      subject, pathogenesis, morphology and prognosis in regard to the psychomotoric
      development are discussed.

PMID- 6431518
TI  - [Aortic arch angiography in the preoperative diagnosis of cerebrovascular
      diseases. Comparison of the conventional technic and intra-arterial DSA].
AB  - Demonstration of the aortic arch is necessary in the investigation of
      cerebrovascular insufficiency for showing the origins and course of the cerebral
      arteries and for detecting steal syndromes and anatomical variations. Intra
      arterial DSA is comparable in this respect with the traditional film technique;
      it has the advantage of reducing contrast doses by 75% and of reducing film costs
      and the examination time. Reliable evaluation of the carotid bifurcations is
      possible in less than half the cases. Selective carotid angiography cannot be
      replaced, therefore, by this technique. Selective angiography is also necessary
      for the pre-operative study of the intracranial vessels.

PMID- 6431519
TI  - [Functional images of the left ventricle using digital venous angiography].
AB  - Imaging and functional evaluation of the left ventricle are of great interest in
      cardiological diagnosis. So far, the left ventricle has been imaged by
      laevocardiography or by a nuclear medicine method (gated blood pool, first pass).
      The limited spatial and temporal resolution of nuclear methods and the
      invasiveness of selective laevocardiography are well known disadvantages of these
      techniques. With special software and hardware, it is possible to obtain
      functional images of the left ventricle by means of intravenous contrast
      injection; these provide definitive information concerning local myocardial
      contraction patterns.

PMID- 6431520
TI  - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery].
AB  - Various types of fibromuscular dysplasia of the extracranial portion of the
      internal carotid artery are described; morphologically, the common group shows
      abnormality of the media. The distribution, with sparing of the carotid
      bifurcation and of the artery in the carotid canal, as well as the sex and age of
      the patient, are typical. Possible treatment is discussed.

PMID- 6431521
TI  - [The so-called inflammatory aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of four patients with the rare inflammatory
      aneurysm of the abdominal aorta are described. The condition, whose aetiology is
      not known, affects mostly men in the fifth, sixth and seventh decade. Computed
      tomography shows, in addition to the typical changes due to an aortic aneurysm,
      horse-shoe shaped, circular, homogeneous peri-aneurysmal masses, which enhance
      after intravenous contrast. Bolus injection of contrast is necessary in order to
      differentiate these from a dissection or retroperitoneal lymphoma. Distinction
      between these conditions is possible as a result of the various types of
      enhancement which occur in the aortic lumen, in fibrosis and in lymphoma.

PMID- 6431522
TI  - [Computed tomography in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are
      described, with particular reference to localisation and haematoma formation.
      Emergency CT is recommended as the method of choice for investigating ruptured
      abdominal aortic aneurysms because of the wealth of information and high
      diagnostic precision.

PMID- 6431523
TI  - [Removal of retained bile duct stones through the T-tube drain].
AB  - Within seven years 23 patients were treated postoperatively by percutaneous bile
      stone extraction. This procedure was successful in 18 patients. Although an
      interval of 5-7 weeks between choledochotomy and percutaneous extraction is
      recommended, the procedure was done 11 to 31 days after surgery with no negative
      effects. In six cases the stones had to be dislodged into a more favorable
      position with a Fogarty-type balloon catheter. The papilla of Vater was dilated
      in two cases. With the development of newer techniques trans-T-tube extraction
      remains the treatment of choice in retained intra- and extrahepatic bile duct
      stones.

PMID- 6431524
TI  - [Prognostic criteria on the cranial computed tomogram of an ischemic cerebral
      infarct].
AB  - Two hundred and eighty-three cranial computer tomograms in 214 patients with
      supratentorial ischaemic infarcts were analysed with reference to the prognosis.
      Patients with large infarcts often have a poor prognosis. Contrast accumulation
      indicates a poor prognosis only in the first week. Enhancement in the second and
      third week was more common and more intense. Diapedesis from necrotic capillaries
      is thought to be responsible for early enhancement and increased pinocytosis in
      regenerated endothelium for late enhancement.

PMID- 6431525
TI  - [Focal liver diseases. Comparative study of computed tomography, conventional
      ultrasound and the automated multisector scanner (Octoson)].
AB  - A comparative study, on 251 patients, between CT, Octoson and conventional
      ultrasound, established that CT (with angio-CT) had the highest rate of
      sensitivity (95.86%). The Octoson examination had a higher sensitivity (92.58%)
      than the conventional ultrasonic examination (82.64%). This result is achieved
      because superficial and subdiaphragmatic metastases, which lie in the depth of
      the liver, are better presented by the Octoson than with a mechanical sector
      scanner. Superficial metastases need to be presented with a water-path transducer
      for superficial lesions and subdiaphragmatic metastases with a wide range focus
      transducer. These areas can also be accurately shown on scanners with a dynamic
      transducer. The specificity of these three methods lies between 90 and 96%.

PMID- 6431526
TI  - [Status of sonography versus roentgen and computed tomography in the diagnosis of
      nephrocalcinosis].
AB  - Sonography proves a highly sensitive instrument in recognition of
      nephrocalcinosis (nc). We demonstrate four cases of cortical and medullary nc of
      different etiology. While abdominal x-rays were unsuspective sonography
      demonstrated typical findings of nc. In the medullary type of nc the sonographic
      findings are typical. On the other hand cortical hyperechogenity does not prove
      nc but in extreme cases. Computerized tomography is able to measure Hounsfield
      Units and to demonstrate by this deposits of calcium without necessity of
      histology. We discuss the differential diagnosis of highly echogenic cortical and
      medullary renal tissue.

PMID- 6431527
TI  - [Arteriographic features of rare skin complications of chronic osteomyelitis].
AB  - In the period between 1970 and 1982, 6 carcinomas in scar tissue and 2
      pseudocarcinomatous skin papillomatosis were found on the basis of chronic
      osteomyelitides. Amputation specimens of two carcinomas and one papillomatosis
      were examined by arteriography. Macroscopically carcinomas in scar tissue showed
      an unspecific appearance and microscopically a scarefied and partly pathological
      vascular appearance. Pseudocarcinomatous skin papillomatosis was distinctly
      hypervascular. Therefore, indications with regard to the localisation of an
      required exploratory excision can only be obtained from the vascular appearance
      of papillomatosis but not in case of a scar tissue carcinoma after osteomyelitis.
      Due to the overall bad blood circulation osteomyelitic scar tissue carcinoma
      scarcely reacts positively to a chemotherapeutic treatment.

PMID- 6431528
TI  - Cervical spine involvements in Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - Cervical spine radiographs of 38 patients originating from 145 consecutive cases
      with Reiter's syndrome (RS) were reviewed. Five of these 145 patients (3.4%) had
      cervical spine manifestations: anterior atlanto-axial dislocation 2,
      craniovertebral lesions typical for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondylitis
      typical for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and anterior ossification, one each. Four
      of these patients were males. Cervical lesions in RS turned out to be rare. These
      lesions are alone indistinguishable from those of other chronic rheumatic
      inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 6431529
TI  - [Development of erosions in the finger phalanges during absorption of periosseous
      calcification].
AB  - Soft tissue calcification can occur at the many insertions of ligaments into the
      phalanges. During their absorption, erosions of the neighbouring bone may
      develop. This was observed in collagen diseases and hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6431530
TI  - [Measurement of image-producing properties of DSA equipment].
AB  - Measurements for quantifying the image characteristics were carried out on three
      DSA installations (DVI 1 - Philips, Angiotron - Siemens and DF 3000 - General
      Electric). Contrast resolution was measured with a vessel phantom (General
      Electric) and spatial resolution with a lead grid. A further parameter was the
      dose entering the image intensifier. The Angiotron was used with an intensifier
      with 53 cm. diameter and the DF 3000 with temporal subtraction of the video
      images and the subtraction of dual energy images (hybrid technique). These
      measurements can be carried out quickly and easily and are a step towards
      standardisation of measurements of image characteristics of DSA installations.

PMID- 6431531
TI  - [Exposure technics for computed scintigrams].
AB  - The technique of making copies on radiographic films or on multiformat cameras
      from computer scintigrams, computer tomograms, digital radiographs or other
      similar digital images should be carefully studied in order to make the best use
      of the characteristics of the film. Contrast transfer was studied using a nuclear
      medicine camera computer system with registration on radiographic film. Possible
      difficulties in obtaining copies and a simple software arrangement are described,
      which would influence contrast transmission.

PMID- 6431532
TI  - [High-resolution computed tomography of the petrous bone].
AB  - High resolution computed tomography provides the means for demonstration of small
      anatomical structures and their normal variants in the middle and inner ear. The
      anatomy is described systematically and in detail and is illustrated. Axial cuts
      are a convenient method of examination; it may be supplemented by coronal cuts
      for special problems. The wide scope of the method provides numerous indications
      for patients with otological and neurological problems.

PMID- 6431533
TI  - [Cerebral circulatory disorders--elucidation by intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography and computed tomography].
AB  - In 110 patients with signs of cerebral infarct computed tomography (CT) and
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed. With DSA 63
      arterial wall lesions could be seen, in CT 27 infarcts were found. In 9
      examinations DSA was not diagnostic. Combination of both methods makes it
      possible to relate vascular lesions with size and localisation of cerebral
      infarcts.

PMID- 6431534
TI  - [Computed tomography and scintigraphy in malignant pheochromocytoma].
AB  - Two patients with malignant metastasising phaeochromocytomas are described.
      Special attention is paid to the findings on computed tomography and scintigraphy
      with meta-I-benzylguanidine. The scintigraphic findings are not uniform. A review
      of the literature has shown that the sensitivity of scintigraphy is less for
      malignant phaeochromocytomas than it is for benign tumours.

PMID- 6431535
TI  - [Computed tomographic control of the conventional x-ray findings in space
      occupying lesions of the bony pelvis].
AB  - The CT and conventional radiological findings in 30 patients with space-occupying
      lesions of the pelvic bones were compared. 73% of the tumours diagnosed by CT
      were shown by conventional means and in 71% their extent was correctly estimated.
      Lesions at the ilio-sacral junction are not demonstrated as well by conventional
      methods as those near the hip joint. The lesions most frequently missed by
      conventional radiography lie in the dorsal part of the ilium and in the lateral
      mass of the sacrum.

PMID- 6431536
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in space-occupying kidney lesions].
AB  - The kidneys in 15 patients (8 renal tumours, 4 cysts and 7 normal patients) were
      examined by means of super-conductive NMR tomography in order to assess the value
      of the method and its use in tumour staging. The findings were compared with
      computed tomography, angiography and surgery. Parenchymal tumours and cysts are
      easily recognised and differentiated, as they are on CT. NMR demonstrates a
      pseudo-capsule, which can otherwise only be seen on the angiogram, or on angio
      CT. The extent in the peri- and pararenal space, infiltration into neighbouring
      organs and lymph nodes are equally well seen on NMR and CT. NMR equals
      angiography for demonstrating invasion into the renal vein and vena cava and, in
      this respect, is better than CT.

PMID- 6431537
TI  - [Radiological findings in malignant lymphoma of the stomach].
AB  - A retrospective review is presented of the clinical and roentgenographic findings
      of 40 patients with malignant lymphomas of the stomach treated at the Medical
      University Hannover during the period from 1971-1983. All cases of Non-Hodgkin
      Lymphoma (35 primary and 5 secondary) were classified by modified Kiel
      classification. All patients were staged retrospectively, using modified Ann
      Arbor staging. In 33 patients the primary choice of treatment were operation, in
      4 chemotherapy, and in three patients primary radiation therapy. The male-female
      ratio was 1:1, the average age at the moment of diagnosis was 58 years. The
      majority of the tumors were located in the corpus and the antrum with an average
      diameter of 8 cm. The evaluation of the roentgenographic presentation of gastric
      lymphoma showed in 75% a combination of different radiologic patterns. According
      to the main radiologic feature the ulcerating form was found in 11, the polypoid
      type in 10, the disruption of the mucosal picture (area, folds) in 12, and the
      gastric wall infiltration was found in 7 of all patients. The 5-year survival
      rate of all cases with primary lymphoma of the stomach was 55%.

PMID- 6431538
TI  - [Incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the course of the respiratory
      distress syndrome in premature infants].
AB  - The chest radiographs of 54 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome have been
      reviewed. 24% fell into stages I and II, 65% into stages III and IV and in 11%
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia developed. Infiltrations due to pneumonia or
      aspiration, persistent ductus arteriosus and pneumothorax can be differentiated
      radiologically. There was a strong correlation between the level of ventilatory
      pressure and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. After reducing
      ventilation pressure to below 15 cm of water with a frequency of 66 per minute,
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia dropped from 14.4% (35 cases) to 5.3% (19 cases).

PMID- 6431539
TI  - [Diagnosis of congenital pleuropericardial defects].
AB  - Pleuro-pericardial defects have been found incidentally during post mortems or
      chest surgery but, because of their usual lack of symptoms, are rarely found
      otherwise. If suspicion of such a malformation arises, it should be clarified
      because of possible herniation of the atrium or ventricle. The necessary
      diagnostic steps are discussed in relation to two patients and the value of chest
      x-rays is stressed. A pleuro-pericardial defect should be diagnosed because of
      the typical radiological changes of the cardiac contour. Only in exceptional
      cases should it be necessary to induce a diagnostic pneumothorax or to perform an
      exploratory thoracotomy.

PMID- 6431540
TI  - [Spontaneous closure of traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae--an effect of
      angiography?].
AB  - In two patients with a traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula, permanent occlusion
      of the lesion was observed following cerebral angiography and confirmed by
      further angiography. A delay is therefore recommended between performing
      angiography and carrying out further treatment, which may carry some risk.
      Possibly the use of ionic contrast media, which irritate the vessels, compression
      of the carotid artery, which reduces flow through the fistula, and general
      anaesthesia, which may drop the blood pressure, initiate thrombosis in the
      cavernous sinus.

PMID- 6431541
TI  - Neuropathic arthropathy (Charcot's joint) in dialysis patients.
AB  - To the author's knowledge, uraemic neuropathy has not been previously reported as
      a cause of Charcot's joint. In this paper they present three cases in which the
      association between clinical and radiographic patterns suggest the diagnosis of
      neuropathic arthropathy. The features of uraemic neuropathy are stressed and the
      role of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the development of this type of
      arthropathy is discussed. The extremely severe hyperparathyroidism reported here,
      may cause tendon and ligament disease, especially at the site of their bone
      insertion. Uraemic tendon and ligament failures weaken joints and produce further
      instability, which may be a precipitating factor of uraemic Charcot's joint in
      patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis.

PMID- 6431542
TI  - [Computer-aided evaluation of ultrasonic images of the thyroid].
AB  - Forty-two patients are described. The ultrasound patterns of normal and
      pathologically changed thyroid glands have been analysed with the aid of a
      computer. Using several parameters such as run-length histograms, brightness
      histograms, middle run length and standard deviation, we are able to classify the
      patterns of a thyroid lobe or of a part of it into 4 or 5 major groups. The
      estimation of the benign or malignant character of the lesions with the used
      parameters must be controlled by further investigation.

PMID- 6431543
TI  - Sensitivity of ultrasonography in the demonstration of common bile duct stones
      and its ranking in comparison with intravenous cholangiography and endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
AB  - A series of 75 patients with surgically verified common bile duct (CBD) stones
      were re-examined in retrospect, in order to ascertain the sensitivity of
      ultrasonography (US) in the detection of CBD. The sensitivity of US turned out to
      be 19%. US detected bile duct dilatation in 58% and all the CBD stones detected
      or suspected were seen in cases with bile duct dilatation. The sensitivity of
      intravenous cholangiography (IVC) proved to be 24%. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), however, was found to be by far the most
      sensitive method, since it demonstrated 84% of the CBD stones.

PMID- 6431544
TI  - [Sonographic visualization of the left ovarian vein. A contribution to the
      diagnosis of compression syndrome of the left renal vein].
AB  - Amongst 737 sonographic and CT examinations of women aged 18 to 60 years of age,
      seven cases of ectasia of the left ovarian vein were found (0.95%). The aetiology
      and significance of this finding in the context of the "compression syndrome of
      the left renal vein" are discussed. The value to sonography in elucidating this
      condition is stressed.

PMID- 6431545
TI  - [Demonstration of Wegener's granulomatosis in the mammogram].
AB  - Communication about two patients with Wegener's granulomatosis of the mamma. In
      both cases the rare disease was detected on the occasion of a mammographic
      examination. The results of the mammography could cause misinterpretations, e.g.
      it might be mistaken for an advanced mamma carcinoma. Up to now, the
      manifestation of a Wegener's disease of the female breast was neither mentioned
      in collective statistics of more than 324 cases nor it could be found in
      examining the publications of additional 231 cases. Both patients showed an
      unusual course of the disease with a slow progression as well as an unimportant
      affection of the respiratory tract. The regression of the tumor like lesions in
      the breast was remarkable.

PMID- 6431546
TI  - [Mammographic and sonographic appearances of traumatic changes in the female
      breast].
AB  - As a result of trauma, or surgery, haematomas develop which are visible and can
      be demonstrated by sonography; they either regress completely or leave circular
      foci after a period of days or weeks. Both the new and older lesions can usually
      be well shown by sonography. During these stages the sonogram may be valuable.
      Long-standing changes, such as fat necrosis, are best shown by mammography. There
      are three types of fat necrosis; oily cysts, mixed types or scarring leading to
      an appearance resembling a carcinoma. Oily cysts may undergo mural calcification
      leading to liponecrosis macrocystica or liponecrosis microcystica, depending on
      size.

PMID- 6431547
TI  - [Comparison of microwave and infrared thermography in detecting malignant breast
      tumors].
AB  - Microwave thermography is a new method in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The
      paper reports on the use of a microwave thermographic unit in the examination of
      190 patients. Evaluation criteria are defined and the results are compared with
      those obtained by infrared thermography.

PMID- 6431548
TI  - [Comparison of 133xenon and 123I-isopropylamphetamine for measuring regional
      cerebral circulation].
AB  - In 26 patients the regional cerebral blood flow was measured using 123I-isopropyl
      amphetamine. The measurement was performed with a dynamic single photon emission
      tomograph. In 16 patients we compared the findings with the results of the
      tomographic 133Xe-Clearance. Both methods seem to be suitable for the measurement
      of the effective perfusion and gave similar results. In the case of the
      tomographic 133Xe-clearance we need a more specialized technical equipment
      whereas the permanent costs are lower and the performance less complicated.
      Besides the applicability of this method is more universal. On the contrary the
      use of 123I-isopropyl-amphetamine makes a higher resolution possible depending on
      the available equipment and does not need an ability to cooperation of the
      patient. With the presently disposable radionuclides the hope was not yet
      adequately accomplished, to get a tomographic in-vivo-information of cerebral
      metabolic and receptor-functions by means of SPECT.

PMID- 6431549
TI  - [Radiation load to the gonads in the sclerosing treatment of varicocele].
AB  - Vague notions concerning the radiation dose to the gonads during sclerosing
      treatment of varicoceles have lead to the unjust neglect of this form of therapy.
      Accurate measurements have shown that the dose is less than the dose to the
      female breast resulting from chest radiographs in two planes, if the treatment
      proceeds without complication. Although the dose is so low, an attempt has been
      made to evaluate the risk.

PMID- 6431550
TI  - [Reduction of the radiation exposure in photofluorography by using rare earth
      based fluorescent screens].
AB  - The use of highly sensitive fluorescent screens based on gadolinium in
      photofluorography results in considerable reduction of radiation exposure
      compared with conventional screens. The exposure to radiation can be reduced to a
      value which is hardly higher than that of a large format image. The image quality
      is enhanced by the incorporation of new screens because of shorter exposure
      times. Gadolinium foils with high image amplification are already available on a
      commercial basis. Exchanging them in photofluorograph equipment presents no
      problem.

PMID- 6431551
TI  - [1st clinical use of gadolinium-DTPA in the nuclear magnetic resonance tomography
      visualization of a parapelvic kidney cyst].

PMID- 6431552
TI  - [Solitary infestation of the kidney with Echinococcus cysticus].

PMID- 6431553
TI  - [Bleeding into a pancreatic pseudocyst: diagnosis by arterial computed
      tomography].

PMID- 6431554
TI  - [Lung atelectasis in chronic posttraumatic aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 6431555
TI  - Occlusion of all aortic arch branches in a middle-aged man.

PMID- 6431556
TI  - [Colonico-bronchial fistula].

PMID- 6431557
TI  - [Adenolipoma of the thyroid (thyrolipoma). A case report of a rare fat cell tumor
      diagnosed by computed tomography].

PMID- 6431558
TI  - [Simulation of a radix nasi fracture by a glass splinter].

PMID- 6431559
TI  - [Primary valve failure in porcine glutaraldehyde-treated bioprosthesis].

PMID- 6431560
TI  - [Influence of parenteral nutrition in the course of chronic inflammatory diseases
      of the intestine].

PMID- 6431561
TI  - [Intraduodenal diverticulum: report of a new case].

PMID- 6431562
TI  - [Possible mechanism of action of a water-soluble tissue extract on arterial
      pressure in the rat].
AB  - A double hypo-hypertension effect is seen when a hydrosoluble splenic extract at
      pH 5 is injected to rats intravenously. The hypotensive effect may be caused by
      local vasodilating agents, such as histamine. The hypertensive one does not
      appear in adrenoprive animals or in rats treated with inhibitors of prostaglandin
      synthesis which suggests that the mechanism for this effect is complex.

PMID- 6431563
TI  - Effect of Anesthesia on rat respiration. A study in decerebrated, decerebrated
      anesthetized and intact-brain preparations.
AB  - The time course of respiratory parameters and blood pressure was studied in
      decerebrated rats (DR), decerebrated rats treated with a combination of
      thiopental plus urethane (DAR), and intact brain rats anesthetized with the same
      combination (IBAR). Moreover, the respiratory sensitivity to a stimulating dose
      of amphetamine was tested in the three preparations. DR exhibited a spontaneous
      and steady increase of ventilation which was absent in DAR. A steady increase of
      ventilation was also observed in IBAR, although of a lesser intensity.
      Amphetamine induced a clear respiratory stimulation which was decreased by the
      administration of anesthetics. A tendency to hypotension was seen in all animals.
      Therefore, the respiratory instability and the decreased pharmacological response
      observed in the presence of anesthetics are important factors to be considered
      when interpreting results obtained in this kind of preparations.

PMID- 6431564
TI  - [The evolution of the face and stomatognathic system].

PMID- 6431565
TI  - U-60,257 has no effect on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in nonstimulated
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - When human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were incubated with exogenous 14C
      arachidonic acid only traces of 5-lipoxygenase products including 5-HETE and
      leukotriene B4 were detected. On the other hand, considerable amounts of cyclo
      oxygenase metabolites including PGE2, TXB2, HHT, PGD2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha as well as mono-HETE's migrating in the vicinity of 12-HETE were formed.
      Coincubation of PMNL with platelets did not lead to any detectable activation of
      the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. 10 microM U-60,257, an inhibitor of leukotriene
      synthesis, had no effect on the low basal 5-lipoxygenase activity nor on other
      lipoxygenases in either PMNL or during coincubation of PMNL with platelets. The
      formation of cyclo-oxygenase products was neither affected by U-60,257. It also
      failed to have any effect on the aggregation of PMNL induced by arachidonic acid,
      leukotriene B4 or platelet activating factor. The present study indicates that U
      60,257, which has been reported to be a specific inhibitor of leukotriene
      synthesis, has no effect on the cyclo-oxygenase or on lipoxygenases other than
      the 5-lipoxygenase (i.e. 12- and possibly 15-) in human PMNL and obviously
      neither in human platelets.

PMID- 6431566
TI  - The effects of aspirin and OKY-1581 on the metabolism of exogenous arachidonic
      acid in rat alveolar macrophages.
AB  - When non-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages were incubated with exogenous 14C
      arachidonic acid (7 microM) both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites
      were formed. The major cyclo-oxygenase metabolites were PGE2, PGF2 alpha and
      TXB2. The detected amounts of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites were small. Aspirin
      inhibited the formation of all cyclo-oxygenase metabolites, but had no effect on
      the formation of the lipoxygenase metabolites. In the presence of OKY-1581, an
      inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, the formation of thromboxane B2 was
      decreased and that of the other cyclo-oxygenase metabolites was correspondingly
      increased. The present study indicates that OKY-1581 is a specific inhibitor of
      thromboxane synthetase also in rat alveolar macrophages and that the rate of
      formation of leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway is rather small in non
      stimulated rat alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 6431567
TI  - Effects of total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on the
      disposition kinetics of mitomycin-C in the rat.
AB  - The effects of total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on
      the disposition kinetics of intravenously-administered mitomycin-C have been
      studied in the Wistar-Furth rat. Five test animals received total body
      irradiation (1000 rads) followed by intravenous administration of 3 X 10(8) bone
      marrow cells per kg body weight. Five control animals were sham-irradiated and
      received an equal volume of blank suspension medium. One day after these
      treatments, each rat received mitomycin-C (10 mg/kg) by rapid intravenous
      injection and serial blood samples were obtained. Serum mitomycin-C
      concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and
      pharmcokinetic parameters were calculated after NONLIN analysis of data. Smaller
      total body clearances in test animals were probably due to radiation-induced
      inhibition of microsomal enzyme activity. Reduced volumes of distribution were
      observed in test animals although the reason for this is unclear. Future studies
      should assess the clinical significance of these results.

PMID- 6431568
TI  - Cephalexin: interpretation of sensitivity disc testing in veterinary practice.
AB  - A regression study using 30 micrograms cephalexin sensitivity discs with
      bacterial strains isolated from veterinary sources is described. Techniques
      suitable for use in veterinary investigation laboratories were used and critical
      zone sizes calculated from a linear regression analysis. Zone sizes of less than
      or equal to 18 mm, 19 to 20 mm and greater than or equal to 21 mm were found to
      be suitable to categorise strains as resistant, intermediate or sensitive,
      respectively. Experience in the use of these recommended critical zone sizes in
      clinical practice will be necessary before firm recommendations can be made.

PMID- 6431569
TI  - Comparison of saline incubation and pepsin digestion as methods for recovering
      Ostertagia circumcincta larvae from the abomasum of sheep.
AB  - Incubation in saline at 37 degrees C was compared with pepsin digestion as a
      quantitative method for recovering larval stages of Ostertagia circumcincta from
      the abomasal mucosa of sheep. Experiments showed that the techniques were of
      roughly similar efficiency even when the larvae were arrested but that the saline
      method was preferable because worm searching was easier and quicker.

PMID- 6431570
TI  - Classification of respiratory functional impairment in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - Starting from a paper published in 1964 by Wilson et al., we explored the
      possibility of classifying the clinical and functional deficit of patients with
      chronic obstructive lung disease into six classes, class 0 representing normality
      and class 5 greatest severity. Each symptom or sign was classified into six
      degrees of increasing severity. Next, we looked for a possible dependence of the
      collegially assigned score on anthropometric, clinical, or instrumental data in
      each case. More particularly, we tried (1) to identify such combinations of
      variables as would permit classification of the patient with the smallest
      possible error, and (2) to determine which of the variables reflected the
      severity of the case more faithfully. The results emerging from this study
      suggest the possibility of evaluating and classifying respiratory impairment in
      three different ways, as follows: (1) On the basis of clinical data only. This
      method is the easiest to use and affords a fairly good determination coefficient
      (R2 = 0.812). (2) Using only some combinations of laboratory data (static and
      dynamic pulmonary volumes, blood gases, etc.), with or without the addition of
      vital statistics and anthropometric data. These subensembles would allow a
      posteriori estimates in cases where the subject is no longer available for
      questioning and examination. In that case the best multiple regression affords a
      determination coefficient R2 = 0.82. (3) Using all clinical and laboratory data
      available. In that case, the best multiple regression (R2 = 0.899) for predictive
      purposes is that which includes the sum of clinical data, the pulmonary volumes
      before and after pharmacological bronchodilation, and the PaCO2 value. For
      practical purposes, however, the most convenient function is the one that
      includes the sum of clinical data plus FEV1 and RV (R2 = 0.863). Even with the
      best of the three functions proposed in this paper, however, the standard error
      of estimate entails tolerance limits sometimes amounting to one whole class of
      severity. Still, the probability of making an error exceeding one class of
      severity occurs in only 3.7% of the cases, an average which seems quite
      acceptable from the clinical point of view.

PMID- 6431571
TI  - Ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia in patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - Little is known of the effect of chronic renal failure (CRF) on ventilatory
      regulation. In 38 subjects (19 healthy, 19 with CRF before and after dialysis),
      we performed measurements of ventilation (VE) and occlusion pressure (P0.1) while
      the subjects were breathing air and hypercapnic gas mixtures. The results have
      shown that (1) during air ventilation, CRF patients exhibited lower values of VE
      and P0.1, which returned to normal after dialysis; (2) during hypercapnic
      ventilation, CRF patients had the same response as healthy subjects for VE but
      higher P0.1; hemodialysis induced an upward shift of the CO2 response curve in
      CRF patients. A twofold mechanism is probably involved: pulmonary edema, which
      reduces lung elasticity, and neuromuscular hypoexcitability, both implying a
      stronger central command.

PMID- 6431572
TI  - Effect of a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, in exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - The nifedipine effect was studied in 8 extrinsic asthmatic subjects with exercise
      induced asthma. Before the exercise the patients received, in a randomized double
      blind manner, either 20 mg nifedipine, sublingually or sodium cromoglycate by
      inhalation on 2 separate days. Nifedipine and sodium cromoglycate in all patients
      inhibited the exercise fall in FEV1. No differences were found between the two
      drugs. Nifedipine is a potent antagonist of calcium ion influx in smooth muscle
      and secretory cells, and these studies suggest that it may inhibit release of
      mast cell mediators and reduce bronchial smooth muscle contractility in asthma.

PMID- 6431573
TI  - The effects of brotizolam, a new hypnotic, on cardiac and respiratory function in
      volunteers.
AB  - In a double-blind, cross-over study we measured the effect of a 0.5-mg oral dose
      of brotizolam, a new thienodiazepine hypnotic, on cardiac and respiratory
      functions in 12 healthy volunteers. No deleterious effects on pulse, blood
      pressure, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, respiratory
      rate, mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) and ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide
      occurred over a 6-hour period. In the usual therapeutic dose, brotizolam does not
      suppress cardiac and respiratory functions in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 6431574
TI  - [Profile of the complement system in a family with hereditary angioedema].

PMID- 6431575
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease in 52 patients].

PMID- 6431576
TI  - External radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.

PMID- 6431577
TI  - Surgery of renal calculi.

PMID- 6431578
TI  - [Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum].

PMID- 6431579
TI  - [Enteral feeding: motility - absorption].

PMID- 6431580
TI  - [Enteral nutrition: equipment and technical problems].

PMID- 6431581
TI  - [Continuous enteral nutrition: complications and monitoring].

PMID- 6431582
TI  - [Enteral nutrition in the perioperative period: application to the multiple
      injured patient].

PMID- 6431583
TI  - [Enteral nutrition in oncology].

PMID- 6431584
TI  - [Prevention of digestive hemorrhage in seriously-ill patients by continuous
      enteral nutrition].

PMID- 6431585
TI  - [Renal glutamine metabolism in man during treatment with sodium valproate].
AB  - The administration of 1500 mg sodium valproate to 20 patients provoked in the
      kidney an increased glutamine uptake correlated with an increased ammonia
      release, as shown by the changes of the renal arterial-venous concentration
      differences of glutamine and ammonia. VPA's action on the renal cell may perhaps
      constitute a valid model for elucidating the effects of this drug on neurons.

PMID- 6431586
TI  - [Efficacy of sodium valproate in partial epilepsy. Crossed study of valproate and
      carbamazepine].
AB  - An open response-conditional cross-over study of valproate versus carbamazepine
      has been done in previously untreated patients with partial seizures. Thirty-one
      patients entered the study. Nineteen were followed up to one year. It appeared
      that valproate was at least as effective as carbamazepine: at one year, 11
      patients were seizure-free on valproate and only 8 were seizure-free on
      carbamazepine. Furthermore no side-effect was noted in valproate therapy, whereas
      carbamazepine was stopped in 2 patients because of skin rashes. The efficacy of
      sodium valproate in partial epilepsy remains controversial. It is of course
      limited when given as co-therapy in severe epilepsies, uncontrolled with other
      major antiepileptic drugs. However in naive patients, with recent and previously
      untreated partial epilepsies, a one-drug treatment with valproate appears to be
      as effective as carbamazepine or phenytoin. It has less unwanted side-effects and
      should be prescribed as first line treatment.

PMID- 6431587
TI  - [Parkinson's disease and epilepsy: hypothesis of biological incompatibility].
AB  - The case of a 74-year-old woman, affected since the age of 20 by generalized
      convulsive fits and who began to show at the age of 63 signs of Parkinson's
      disease is reported. The epileptic features showed no change while Parkinson's
      disease got worse. Further, every convulsive fit was followed by a transitory
      improvement of the extrapyramidal disorders. After a review of the literature on
      the rare association of Parkinson's disease with epilepsy, the hypothesis of a
      biological incompatibility between the two diseases is considered.

PMID- 6431588
TI  - [Quality control in immuno-hematology tests: evaluation and prospects].

PMID- 6431589
TI  - [Total hemolytic complement, C3 and C3 convertase levels in cardiac and
      indeterminate forms of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6431590
TI  - Identification and purification of a 55K polypeptide in Sjogren's syndrome A
      antigen.
AB  - The Sjogren's syndrome A antigen (SS-A) purified by affinity chromatography from
      human spleen was shown to contain a major polypeptide with a mol. wt. of 55 000
      daltons confirmed as SS-A by its reactivity with different anti-SS-A sera on
      affinity columns, immunodiffusion and the Western blot. A similar reactive
      polypeptide was demonstrated in extracts of rabbit liver, brain, spleen, kidney,
      lung and thymus.

PMID- 6431591
TI  - [The cost of educating a professional nurse].

PMID- 6431592
TI  - [Epidemiology and nursing: results of a course].

PMID- 6431593
TI  - [Experience of the Center for Cancer Information in the United States].

PMID- 6431594
TI  - [Drugs in pregnancy: experience of an inquiry].

PMID- 6431595
TI  - [Epileptic crisis: guide to a correct identification and appropriate management].

PMID- 6431596
TI  - [AIDS].

PMID- 6431597
TI  - [Oral contraceptives and breast tumors: which pill?].

PMID- 6431598
TI  - [Nutrition models, agribusiness, aid, hunger].

PMID- 6431599
TI  - [Alterations of the state of consciousness induced by valproic acid: 6 case
      reports].
AB  - Six epileptic patients are described to whom the addition of Valproic Acid (VPA)
      to a previously unsatisfactory antiepileptic treatment caused a toxic
      encephalopathy. This was characterized by alterations of the state of
      consciousness in all patients a few days after the beninning of the treatment
      with VPA. These ranged from a marked drowsiness to coma and were often associated
      with gastrointestinal and neurological (ataxia, asterixis) symptoms. In all cases
      very high blood ammonia values were found and the EEGs showed a diffuse slowing
      down of the activity. After the discontinuation of the drug the toxic symptoms
      quickly ceased and ammonia values returned to the normal values. It is
      hypothesized that the interference of VPA on the metabolism of ammonia could play
      an important role in the pathogenesis of the VPA-induced toxic encephalopathy.

PMID- 6431600
TI  - 1984 and beyond: what's ahead for nursing.

PMID- 6431602
TI  - Glyburide gets approval at last.

PMID- 6431601
TI  - Could you have foreseen this seizure?

PMID- 6431603
TI  - Variation in human oral lactobacilli following a change in sugar intake.
AB  - For 19 wk oral lactobacilli was registered continuously in 10 dental hygienist
      students. During the study period these subjects were submitted to a change in
      between-meals consumption, rinsing with chlorhexidine and determination of sugar
      clearance, flow rate and buffer effect of saliva. An increase in the frequency of
      sugar consumption increased the number of lactobacilli in saliva, and in
      particular of Lactobacillus casei. However, in spite of an hourly intake of sugar
      between 7 a.m. and 9 p.m. every day for 4 wk, this increase of lactobacilli was
      small. The probable reason for this was the very high dental health consciousness
      of the test subjects, with a perfect oral hygiene and a strong wish to have a
      clean taste in the mouth. The sugars were too rapidly eliminated to create such
      an acid oral environment as favors the aciduric lactobacilli. A week of twice
      daily rinsing with chlorhexidine had no obvious effect on the number of
      lactobacilli in saliva.

PMID- 6431604
TI  - In vivo metabolism of human tissue-type plasminogen activator.
AB  - The turnover of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), purified from
      cell culture fluids and radiolabelled with 125I, was studied in 2 healthy males.
      After injection, the plasma radioactivity initially disappeared with a half-life
      of about 3 min, but after 30 min reached a plateau level which persisted for
      several hours. The radioactive material had then already been converted to forms
      soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Surface counting rates indicated a
      rapid uptake in the liver during the first 10 min after injection, followed by a
      rapid release from the liver, beginning already at 25 min, which coincided with
      the appearance of the TCA-soluble radioactive material. After 18 h, about 80% of
      the injected dose had already been excreted in the urine. We conclude that, in
      humans, injected t-PA is rapidly cleared from the circulation, mainly by the
      liver, and within 30 min metabolized to low molecular weight forms which
      ultimately (within 1 d) appear in the urine.

PMID- 6431605
TI  - A postulated role in viral immunity for class-I major histocompatibility complex
      pseudogenes.

PMID- 6431606
TI  - On the heterologous interaction between beta 2-microglobulin and the heavy chain
      of rat major histocompatibility complex class 1 antigens.
AB  - The heterologous interaction between beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and rat major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) (RT1) antigens was measured in a two-step
      binding assay consisting of binding of radiolabelled beta 2m to RT1 antigens and
      immunoprecipitation of beta 2m-RT1 antigen complexes with RT1 antisera. The
      effects of varying the concentrations of the three reactants involved were
      studied. The molecular events taking place in the two steps were analysed by gel
      chromatography. The beta 2m-RT1 antigen complex had the apparent size of albumin
      and reacted completely with specific alloantisera. RT1 antigens prepared from
      Wistar/Furth (RT1u) and Brown Norway (RT1n), respectively, both effectively bound
      heterologous beta 2m. The times for association and dissociation, respectively,
      at 37 degrees C, were of the same order, but dissociation was slightly slower.
      Association was markedly temperature-dependent and was considerably slower at low
      temperatures. All these processes were slower for RT1n than for RT1u antigens.
      The association constant for the interaction between RT1u antigens and 125I-human
      beta 2m was estimated by Scatchard analysis to be about 10(9) M-1. Contribution
      to the heterologous interaction by products from various rat MHC subloci (A, B,
      and C) was investigated by the introduction of sublocus-specific antisera in step
      2. The reaction apparently involved neither class 2 antigens (sublocus B) nor the
      presumed rat Qa homologue (sublocus C). Classical class 1 antigens (sublocus A)
      clearly contributed to the binding. However, a monoclonal antibody against
      products from rat MHC class 1 genes only precipitated less than half of the RT1
      antigen-complexed beta 2m. Thus, at least two RT1u class 1 alloantigen molecules
      seem to participate in the reaction. This, in turn, indicates that the rat genome
      may contain multiple class 1 genes, as is the case for most other mammals
      investigated.

PMID- 6431607
TI  - A Swedish study of the utilization of the health care facilities.

PMID- 6431608
TI  - The development of dental health in Scandinavia in the 1970's.

PMID- 6431609
TI  - [Immunotherapy of chronic bronchitis: importance of humoral antibodies].
AB  - Properties and potentialities of passive and active immunization are discussed in
      relation to antibody deficiency syndromes (ADS) and in situations with increased
      risk of infections. Passive immunization with immunoglobulins is indicated
      whenever the specific antibodies needed for defence against an infectious agent
      are lacking. The protective effect provided by passive immunization is polyvalent
      and of immediate onset, but fades rapidly with a halflife of 2-3 weeks. Adequate
      protection can only be expected with a high dosage. Active immunization with
      specific vaccines provides longlasting protection against certain infectious
      diseases with high morbidity and lethality. Using the example of pneumococcal
      polysaccharide vaccine, the authors offer evidence that a single subcutaneous
      injection provides a high level of protection in immunologically normal young
      individuals, but not in old and immunocompromised subjects.

PMID- 6431610
TI  - [Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: 9 cases].

PMID- 6431611
TI  - [Modulation of secretion of follicular stimulating hormone in male: role of
      inhibin and plasma sex hormone].

PMID- 6431612
TI  - Antibodies to human c-myc oncogene product: evidence of an evolutionarily
      conserved protein induced during cell proliferation.
AB  - Antisera to a synthetic c-myc peptide and to c-myc antigens synthesized from
      various portions of the human gene expressed in Escherichia coli were used in
      order to characterize the protein product of the human c-myc oncogene. Although
      the deduced molecular weight of the human c-myc protein is 49,000, these antisera
      precipitate a protein from human cells that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel as if its molecular weight were 65,000. In addition, the mouse
      c-myc protein, whether synthesized in cells or in a cell-free system directed by
      pure, synthetic messenger RNA, has analogous properties and is immunoprecipitated
      by the antiserum to the human c-myc protein. Similar proteins are
      immunoprecipitated from monkey, rat, hamster, and frog cells, suggesting
      evolutionary conservation of antigenic structure of the c-myc protein among
      vertebrates. In addition, and in a manner consistent with the behavior of its
      messenger RNA, the immunoprecipitable c-myc protein is sharply induced by the
      action of mitogens on resting human T cells.

PMID- 6431613
TI  - Importance of symptoms in recognizing nitroprusside toxicity.
AB  - Symptoms of nitroprusside toxicity may precede the commonly described physiologic
      derangements. A characteristic sequence of symptoms associated with thiocyanate
      toxicity was exhibited by a patient who received a seven-day infusion of
      nitroprusside. The recognition of symptoms of nitroprusside toxicity is
      especially crucial when nitroprusside is infused over a prolonged period, in high
      doses, or in the presence of renal failure.

PMID- 6431614
TI  - Symposium on upper gastrointestinal motility disorders. Gastric motor disorders:
      an overview.
AB  - Disturbances of gastric emptying are being increasingly recognized as causes of
      clinical problems such as chronic nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Although
      much remains to be learned, enough information is available to enable the
      practicing physician to develop an approach to diagnosis and management of these
      often difficult problems. We review here relevant physiologic concepts of gastric
      motor activity during fasting and feeding, as well as its controlling mechanisms.
      These concepts are then applied to develop a rational classification of gastric
      motor disorders which incorporates clinical as well as pathophysiologic
      information. Further, we review pertinent diagnostic studies (including gastric
      emptying tests, manometry, and electrophysiologic measurements) and therapeutic
      approaches.

PMID- 6431615
TI  - [Use of enteral feeding in the surgical treatment of patients with cancer of the
      stomach and large intestine].

PMID- 6431616
TI  - [Economic aspects of the fight against cancer].

PMID- 6431617
TI  - [Orchialgia and tendoperiostosis inguinalis].

PMID- 6431618
TI  - Aspect of the pharmacokinetics of slow-release lithium carbonate.
AB  - The bio-availability of two forms of lithium carbonate, Lentolith and Camcolit,
      was investigated. Serum levels of lithium were measured over 24 hours after
      different oral dosages. Lentolith gave very adequate serum levels on single daily
      dosage schedules. Advantages for long-term treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6431619
TI  - Partial characterization of the extracellular keratinase from Microsporum canis.
AB  - The extracellular keratinase of Microsporum canis released peptides from alpha
      type fibrous protein and the membranous fraction isolated from human stratum
      corneum. Inhibition of the enzyme by phenylmethyl-sulfonylfluoride and its weak
      inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide and etheneglycol tetra-acetic acid indicated that
      it is probably a serine proteinase.

PMID- 6431620
TI  - Incidence of disseminated gonococcal infection correlated with the presence of
      AHU auxotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a community.
AB  - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae requiring arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil
      (AHU) may cause disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). A significant
      epidemiologic association was noted between the incidence of disseminated
      gonococcal infection and the presence of gonococci of the AHU auxotype in the
      community over a nine-year period. Thirty-nine patients with DGI were identified
      from hospital records of January 1974-December 1982. During this interval,
      gonococcal isolates from patients in the community were collected at a venereal
      disease clinic and a hospital emergency room. The incidence of patients
      hospitalized for DGI dropped significantly after 1978. The year of highest
      incidence of DGI was 1977, when there were 429 cases of DGI per 100,000 cases of
      uncomplicated gonorrhea; the incidence of gonococcal isolates of the AHU auxotype
      in that year was 26.3%. In contrast, this auxotype accounted for only 4.6% of
      gonococcal isolates in 1980, when the incidence of DGI had decreased to 58 cases
      per 100,000 cases of uncomplicated gonorrhea. When DGI and gonococci of the AHU
      auxotype from the community were ranked for incidence by year, a significant
      correlation between the two was found (P less than .001). Thus the incidence of
      patients with DGI in the hospital reflected the presence of gonococci of the AHU
      auxotype in the community.

PMID- 6431621
TI  - Serogrouping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: correlation of serogroup with disseminated
      gonococcal infection.
AB  - Gonococci can be divided into serogroups WI, WII, and WIII by coagglutination. To
      assess the clinical correlation of serogroups of gonococci, we studied isolates
      of gonococci from patients with disseminated and uncomplicated gonococcal
      infections in three cities in the United States. Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      belonging to serogroup WI represented 85 (84%) of 101 isolates from patients with
      disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and 68 (40%) of 168 isolates from
      patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea (P less than .001). The auxotype Arg-, Hyx
      , Ura- (AHU) represented 62 (61%) of 101 isolates from DGI and 54 (32%) of 168
      isolates from uncomplicated infection (p less than .001); all AHU isolates were
      serogroup WI. Among other auxotypes, WI strains represented 25 (64%) of 39
      isolates from patients with DGI and 14 (12%) of 114 from uncomplicated infections
      (P less than .001). In Atlanta only, 13 (34%) of 38 isolates from DGI were AHU,
      but 31 (82%) were serogroup WI (P less than .001). Thus gonococci of serogroup WI
      are associated with DGI in these cities of the United States, and this
      correlation appears to be independent of auxotype. Serogroup WI is correlated
      with serum resistance.

PMID- 6431622
TI  - The mechanism of hepatoprotection by epsilon aminocaproic acid and putrescine.
AB  - Hepatic neutral serine proteases (including plasminogen activator) and ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) are induced by the hepatotoxin galactosamine (GALN). We
      examined the hepatoprotection conferred by epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), a
      fibrinolytic inhibitor, putrescine (PUTR), the polyamine generated from ornithine
      by ODC, and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of
      ODC. GALN, 450 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally to Wistar-Lewis rats
      (group I). Groups II, III, and IV were also given EACA (80 mg/kg), PUTR (0.3
      mmol/kg), or DFMO (0.3 mmol/kg), respectively, 1 hour before and 3, 7, and 12
      hours after GALN. Rats were killed 2 hours after an intraperitoneal dose of 3H
      thymidine was administered, 30 or 45 hours after GALN. EACA and PUTR were
      effective protectants against necrosis as judged by enzymes and histologic
      findings. Neither increased thymidine incorporation above the levels seen with
      GALN only. DFMO offered no protection even though thymidine incorporation at 45
      hours was increased. Both EACA and PUTR, which have similar chemical structures,
      possessed significant antiprotease activity in vitro, suggesting that they act by
      inhibiting toxin-induced neutral serine protease activity and not by accelerating
      regeneration.

PMID- 6431624
TI  - [Hospital system. Hospital expenses increased at a slower rate than our
      earnings].

PMID- 6431623
TI  - Recovery of adenine nucleotide levels after global myocardial ischemia in dogs.
AB  - Loss of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia can result in
      decreased cardiac function. Postischemic ATP levels remain low, and the reason
      for this is poorly understood. Previous attempts to enhance ATP recovery after
      ischemia have been only partially successful. To determine the long-term dynamics
      of ATP recovery and evaluate the effect of providing ATP precursors, we devised a
      method of obtaining sequential ventricular biopsies in dogs after 20 minutes of
      normothermic global ischemia on cardiopulmonary bypass. Our kinetic data show
      adenine (A) is metabolically favored over adenosine to regenerate ATP levels when
      adequate ribose (R) is present to produce phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. Therefore
      A (20 mM) plus R (80 mM) or saline (NS) was infused (1.0 ml X min-1) into the
      right atrium of dogs for 48 hours after ischemia. During A infusion myocardial
      tissue A was 0.19 +/- 0.07 nmol X mg-1, arterial A was 18.3 +/- 1.3 microM,
      coronary sinus A was 11.0 +/- 1.6 microM, and extraction of A by the myocardium
      was 38% +/- 10%. We found that while the decrease in ATP levels during ischemia
      was at least 50% in both groups, the postischemic ATP recovery rate in A/R dogs
      was more than eightfold greater than de novo synthesis (2.8 +/- 0.59 versus 0.34
      +/- 0.06 nmoles X mg-1 X day). ATP levels in NS dogs were only 54% +/- 8% of
      preischemic values by 48 hours and required 9.9 +/- 1.4 days for full recovery.
      Recovery in A/R dogs required 1.2 +/- 0.2 days. Our results reveal that ATP
      recovery after a significant ischemic insult is slow, precursor availability is
      an important limiting factor in ATP recovery, and recovery time can be greatly
      shortened with precursor infusion even when started after the ischemic insult.

PMID- 6431625
TI  - Clinical implication and nutritional management of cardiac cachexia.

PMID- 6431626
TI  - Changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension during exercise in pulmonary emphysema.
AB  - Continuous measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) were made in 23
      patients with radiological evidence of emphysema, at rest and during a maximal
      progressive exercise test. tcPO2 during the final phase of exercise was compared
      with tcPO2 at rest; the mean change (exercising minus resting value) in tcPO2
      (delta tcPO2) was -0.8 mm Hg (SD 10.5, range -18 to +25) (-0.1 kPa (SD 1.4, range
      -2.4 to +3.3]. delta tcPO2 was correlated with: resting arterial oxygen tension
      (PaO2) (r = 0.606, p less than 0.005); resting arterial carbon dioxide tension
      (PaCO2) (r = -0.691, p less than 0.001); FEV1 % predicted (r = 0.688, p less than
      0.001); vital capacity % predicted (r = 0.543, p less than 0.01); and transfer
      factor (TLCO) % predicted (r = 0.604, p less than 0.005). There was no
      significant difference between the delta tcPO2 of 10 patients who regularly
      produced sputum and of 13 patients with no sputum. delta tcPO2 appears to be more
      closely related to the severity of emphysema than to the presence or absence of
      chronic bronchitis. Pretreatment with fenoterol aerosol resulted in an increased
      work load in three out of 10 patients. Overall there was no change in delta
      tcPO2. In all except one patient there was a rise in tcPO2 after the end of
      exercise. In the 11 patients whose tcPO2 fell during exercise, tcPO2 returned to
      the resting value within two minutes of the cessation of exercise; this was
      followed by a further rise beyond the resting value, and a single postexercise
      arterial sample is therefore a poor indicator of the response of PaO2 to
      exercise. Measurement of TcPO2 is of value in following rapid changes in PaO2
      during and after exercise and avoids the necessity for an indwelling arterial
      cannula.

PMID- 6431627
TI  - Respiratory responses of diabetics to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and exercise.
AB  - The respiratory responses of 52 diabetics and 65 non-diabetic controls to
      hypoxia, hypercapnia, and exercise were studied. Twenty five per cent of the
      diabetics had evidence of impaired sensitivity to hypoxia or decreased
      ventilatory response to hypercapnia, while 7% of the diabetics who performed the
      exercise tests had an abnormal pattern of respiration during exercise; 33% of the
      diabetics who performed all three tests of respiratory reflex action had at least
      one abnormal test response. There was no correlation between the presence of an
      abnormal respiratory response and the presence of clinical diabetic
      complications. Abnormal respiratory reflexes could not be predicted from the
      results of the "routine" pulmonary function tests. The possibility that the
      abnormal respiratory responses were due to autonomic neuropathy is discussed.

PMID- 6431628
TI  - [Nosographic classification of depressive syndromes and neuro-endocrine tests].

PMID- 6431629
TI  - Quantitation of the three normally-occurring plasma fibrinogens in health and
      during so-called "acute phase" by SDS electrophoresis of fibrin obtained from
      EDTA-plasma.
AB  - Normal human plasma contains fibrinogens of different molecular weight. To
      quantitate these fibrinogens, plasma was clotted at pH 6.4 with 7.5 NIH U/ml
      thrombin in the presence of 8 mM EDTA. The clots were dissolved in 6.6 M urea and
      submitted to SDS electrophoresis on gels containing 3% polyacrylamide/0.5%
      agarose, and the fractions quantitated by densitometric scanning. The
      reproducibility of this method was high with variation coefficient 1.5%. Three
      main fibrinogen fractions were found: High molecular weight fibrinogen (HMW, mw
      340 000), low molecular weight fibrinogen (LMW, mw 300 000) and LMW' (mw 280
      000). In addition 5 weak bands could be seen. In plasma from 123 healthy subjects
      of both sexes, aged 1-93 years, HMW constituted 69.7% +/- 5.1, LMW 26.5% +/- 4.8
      and LMW' 3.8% +/- 1.8 of the total fibrinogen. Women and older subjects displayed
      a small, but statistically significant reduction in the relative amounts of HMW
      (2-4%). Following surgery and extensive acute myocardial infarction the HMW/LMW
      ratio changed. The substantial increase in total fibrinogen regularly recorded
      was mainly due to HMW that reached maximal values after 3-4 days. LMW remained
      unchanged the first 2 days and then displayed a slight increase with a delayed
      maximum (8-11 days).

PMID- 6431630
TI  - Influence of exogenous and endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator on the
      lysability of clots in a plasma milieu in vitro.
AB  - The fibrinolytic potential of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) either
      incorporated in a clot (endogenous) or added to the surrounding plasma
      (exogenous), was studied in an in vitro system consisting of 125I-labeled human
      plasma clots (200 microliters) immersed in human plasma (2 ml). Clot lysis was
      measured as a function of endogenous t-PA concentration (in the absence of added
      exogenous t-PA), as a function of exogenous t-PA concentration (without added
      endogenous t-PA) and as a function of the same concentration of both endogenous
      and exogenous t-PA. Equivalent clot lysis was obtained with a 2 to 4 times lower
      concentration of endogenous t-PA as compared to exogenous t-PA, corresponding to
      a 20 to 40 times smaller total amount of endogenous versus exogenous t-PA. Fifty
      percent lysis in 5 hrs was obtained with about 5 IU/ml of endogenous t-PA or with
      10 IU/ml of exogenous t-PA. The presence of both exogenous (10 IU/ml) and
      endogenous (5 IU/ml) t-PA resulted in 50 percent lysis in 1.5 hrs, indicating
      that t-PA incorporated in a thrombus contributes significantly to its lysis by
      exogenous t-PA. Similar results were obtained with plasma obtained after 10 min
      of venous occlusion in seven healthy subjects. Spontaneous clot lysis within 5
      hrs was only observed with post-occlusion clots in pre- or post- occlusion plasma
      in two subjects in whom the t-PA level rose to 10-15 IU t-PA/ml. In the five
      other subjects with post-occlusion t-PA levels below 2 IU/ml, no clot lysis was
      observed within 24 hrs. The influence of the fast-acting inhibitor of t-PA on
      clot lysability by endogenous or exogenous t-PA was investigated by immersing
      clots prepared from normal or inhibitor-rich plasma (endogenous inhibitor) in
      normal or inhibitor-rich plasma (exogenous inhibitor). Exogenous t-PA inhibitor
      efficiently neutralizes clot lysis by both exogenous and endogenous t-PA.
      Endogenous t-PA inhibitor, however, efficiently neutralizes endogenous t-PA but
      has little influence on clot lysis by exogenous t-PA. These findings indicate
      that t-PA inhibitor is not concentrated into a clot and that t-PA inhibitor in
      plasma efficiently neutralizes t-PA incorporated in a clot. alpha 2-Antiplasmin
      depleted plasma clots were more susceptible to lysis by both endogenous and
      exogenous t-PA than normal clots.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6431631
TI  - [A study of the efficacy of disinfectants against anthrax spores].
AB  - The activity of disinfectants with regard to spores of Bacillus anthracis was
      determined in a suspension test. Creoline (10%) and also several other
      disinfectants for veterinary use showed no activity against spores of B.
      anthracis. Natriumdichloorisocyanuraat-dihydrate (2400 ppm active chlorine) and
      peracetic acid 0,25% demonstrated after 30 minutes of exposures at 20 degrees C
      in the presence of 4% horse serum a significant sporicidal effect. Under the same
      conditions formaldehyde 4% and glutaraldehyde 2% were also found to be sporicidal
      but only after 2 hours of exposure.

PMID- 6431632
TI  - Macrovacuolation induced by cytochalasin: its relation to the cytoskeleton;
      morphological and cytochemical observations.
AB  - At higher doses of cytochalasin (e.g. 3 micrograms/ml for 3-20 hr), cells of the
      rat fibroblastoid line, Hmf, undergo extreme retraction, arborization, and
      subsequent rounding, and develop big cystic vacuoles. These vacuoles are always
      closely invested by microfilamentous masses, the CD-induced derivatives of the
      actin-based cytoskeleton, which aggregate in the endoplasm. Vacuolation is
      progressive (e.g. 12% cells at 6 hr; greater than 80% at 18 hr), related to total
      dose (concentration X time); and to congener (CD greater than CB). Vacuole
      membranes have the same dimension (85 A), surface marker 5'-nucleotidase, and
      junctional specializations as those found at the cell surface; they lack the
      membrane markers associated with endomembrane systems (e.g. AcPase, TPPase,
      IDPase) and are not lysosomal. Vacuoles represent internalized plasma membrane;
      they apparently result from retention in the endoplasm, and fusion, of
      pinocytotic vesicles originating at the cell surface. Vacuole membrane is always
      in intimate relation to the actin-based microfilament aggregates that surround
      the vacuoles, and actin-membrane linker proteins fodrin and vinculin are
      localized at the vacuole boundaries. Vacuoles and their enveloping actin-filament
      aggregates are surrounded by arrays of vimentin-based intermediate filaments. A
      new membranous compartment with characteristics of plasma membrane is thus formed
      within the cell under the influence of CD. Rounding brought about by other means
      causes no vacuolization. Macrovacuolation, like the other changes caused by CD,
      is completely reversible on restoration of cells to normal medium.

PMID- 6431633
TI  - Removal of insect basal laminae using elastase.
AB  - We have used the enzyme elastase to remove the basal lamina of epithelia from two
      insects: the upper Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus and imaginal discs of
      Drosophila melanogaster. Removal of the basal lamina was confirmed using scanning
      and transmission electron microscopy. Use of the technique on the Malphighian
      tubules of Rhodnius reveals for the first time the three-dimensional organization
      of the circumferential folds of the basal plasma membrane. Elastase is much more
      effective in removing the basal lamina than are the enzymes hyaluronidase,
      collagenase, and chymotrypsin, either alone or in combination. Following elastase
      treatment, cells of the Malpighian tubules dissociate with only mild mechanical
      agitation into single, viable cells. Treatment with elastase removes the basal
      laminae of imaginal discs of Drosophila and accelerates evagination as has been
      previously described for trypsin. To obtain single cell preparations from
      elastase-treated imaginal discs, mechanical stirring in Ringer low in Ca2+ was
      required. In addition to its usefulness in cell isolation, elastase treatment
      allows examination of the effect of removal of basal laminae on the physiology
      and development of insect epithelia.

PMID- 6431634
TI  - Hormonal effects on glycosaminoglycans in thoracic aortas of rabbits.
AB  - Intima-media of thoracic aortas obtained from estrogen-treated, estrogen
      progesterone-treated and sham-treated ovariectomized rabbits were separately
      digested with pronase after extraction of fat. Glycosaminoglycan fractions were
      then separated from the resulting glycoconjugate fractions by precipitation with
      cetylpyridinium chloride. The glycosaminoglycan levels increased after treatments
      with estrogen and estrogen-progesterone. Glycosaminoglycan compositions were
      determined by sequential digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase,
      chondroitinase AC, chondroitinase ABC and heparitinase 1. The proportions of
      dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfates AC increased after treatments with
      these hormones, while those of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate decreased. The
      changes of the proportions of dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid were dramatic.
      The changes of the glycosaminoglycan compositions with these hormones are thought
      to be an anti-atherosclerotic effect of these female hormones.

PMID- 6431635
TI  - Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of common antigens between human and monkey sera.
AB  - To examine common antigens between human and monkey sera, sera from 19 kinds of
      monkey were investigated with crossed and rocket immunoelectrophoresis using
      antisera to human serum proteins. In the crossed immunoelectrophoresis, the
      number of precipitation lines, 40 in human and 8 in the lower primates, increased
      according to the order of phylogenetic classification, and the lines due to
      albumin and gamma-globulin were observed in all the monkey sera examined.
      Quantitative investigation was performed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis with 8
      kinds of mono-specific anti-serum protein. Alpha 2-Macroglobulin, orosomucoid,
      transferrin, IgG and IgM were not observed in monkeys of Loricidae family.
      Relatively large amounts of orosomucoid, albumin, IgG and transferrin were
      detected in monkeys of Cebidae family. It was considered that the distribution of
      serum proteins possessing antigens common to human is not related with the order
      of phylogenetic classification.

PMID- 6431636
TI  - The human fetal prolactin and estradiol levels, and their correlationship.
AB  - Serum prolactin and estradiol-17 beta levels were determined in umbilical cord
      sera obtained from 33 preterm, 118 full-term and 11 anencephalic infants and in
      peripheral sera obtained from 5 neonates. Prolactin levels increased from mid
      gestation toward term, and markedly decreased after birth. Those in anencephalic
      infants (253 +/- 86 ng/ml, mean +/- S.D.) were lower than in full-term infants
      (324 +/- 119 ng/ml), but the difference was not statistically significant. We
      also performed thyroid-releasing-hormone (TRH) (50-200 micrograms) test on 5
      anencephalic infants, but significant changes of serum prolactin levels were not
      found. Estradiol-17 beta levels in anencephalic infants were significantly lower
      than those in full-term infants. There was a significant positive correlation
      between cord prolactin and estradiol-17 beta levels in full-term infants. These
      results suggest one of the control factors for human fetal pituitary prolactin
      secretion is estrogen, and hypothalamic factors are not so important.

PMID- 6431637
TI  - Pepsin acid correlation in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - In 3 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastric pepsin and acid secretion,
      and pepsin acid correlation were studied. The results obtained are as follows. In
      nocturnal secretion, and histamine-, insulin- and gastrin-stimulated secretion,
      pepsin hypersecretion was not as conspicuous as acid hypersecretion, and so
      pepsin acid correlation showed low levels of less than 1.0. Not only before
      operation but also after vagotomy or distal gastrectomy, the same results were
      obtained. These results suggest that both before and after operation Zollinger
      Ellison syndrome should be suspected in patients with pepsin acid correlation of
      less than 1.0 in nocturnal secretion or stimulated secretion.

PMID- 6431638
TI  - Rh0(D) activity of red blood cells and stroma treated with proteolytic enzymes.
AB  - Agglutinability of red blood cells against anti-D increased remarkably when the
      cells were treated with proteolytic enzymes, such as bromelain, chymotrypsin,
      ficin, papain, pronase and trypsin. When stroma prepared from normal red blood
      cells was treated with any of proteolytic enzymes, however, Rh-Hr blood type
      activities were completely abolished. The similar results were obtained from
      stroma solubilized with detergents which was treated with enzymes after being
      prepared. Of all the enzymes, ficin acted more slowly than the others did.
      Neuraminidase or phospholipase A2 had no effect on Rh-Hr activities at all. SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of stroma prepared from bromelain,
      ficin and pronase-treated red blood cells were quite different from that of
      normal stroma.

PMID- 6431639
TI  - Correlations between polychlorinated biphenyl immunotoxicity, the aromatic
      hydrocarbon locus, and liver microsomal enzyme induction in C57BL/6 and DBA/2
      mice.
AB  - The suppression of the antibody response by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in
      mice is dependent on the planarity of the PCB molecule and on the expression of
      the aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. In this study, the hypothesis that this
      form of immunotoxicity is a consequence of the activation of the Ah gene complex
      and that other compounds which are Ah receptor ligands would also be immunotoxic
      was tested. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl
      (HCB), phenobarbital (PB), or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) was given ip to either
      C57BL/6 (B6,Ahb/Ahb) or DBA/2 (D2, Ahd/Ahd) mice 2 days before immunization with
      sheep erythrocytes. Organ weights, histopathology, hemagglutinating antibody
      titers, and the splenic direct antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response were
      evaluated on Day 5. Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction by these
      compounds and by 2,2',5,5'-TCB and 3,3',4,4'-TCB was measured as an indicator of
      Ah receptor binding and subsequent activation of the Ah gene complex by
      methylcholanthrene-type inducers, while aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND) was
      measured as an indicator of PB-type induction. 2,2',4,4'-TCB and PB had no
      effects on the immune parameters of either strain but induced APND activity in
      both strains. 2,2',5,5'-TCB slightly induced APND activity in B6 mice.
      2,3,3',4,4',5-HCB caused a 70% suppression of PFC per spleen, decreased the serum
      antibody titer, elevated cytochrome P-450 levels (193%), induced both APND (165%)
      and AHH (217%) activity in B6 mice, but it induced only APND (156%) activity in
      D2 mice. 3,3',4,4'-TCB elevated cytochrome P-450 levels (210%) and induced both
      APND (129%) and AHH (321%) activities in B6 mice but only increased APND
      activities (115%) in D2 mice. BNF elevated cytochrome P-450 (144%), caused a 49%
      suppression in PFC per spleen, and induced both APND (156%) and AHH (248%)
      activities but only in B6 mice. These results support the hypothesis that the
      immunotoxicity caused by halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is a
      consequence of activation of the Ah gene complex and suggests that this toxic
      effect can be initiated by any Ah receptor ligand.

PMID- 6431640
TI  - Evaluation of the pulmonary effects of wood smoke in guinea pigs by repeated CO2
      challenges.
AB  - Male, English smooth haired guinea pigs were exposed to thermal decomposition
      products, i.e., smoke, generated by heating Douglas fir in an open system.
      Various amounts of Douglas fir were placed in a furnace, at room temperature, and
      heated at a rate of 11 degrees C/min until completely decomposed. Major
      decomposition occurred between 160 and 490 degrees C, and the animals were
      exposed during this time for a period of 30 min. Immediately before exposure and
      at various times after exposure, each animal was evaluated by whole-body
      plethysmography to measure tidal volume and respiratory frequency during air
      breathing as well as during challenge with 10% CO2. Exposure to smoke from
      Douglas fir resulted in a diminished ventilatory response to 10% CO2. Comparing
      the effect of wood smoke to the effect of smoke from polyvinylchloride from
      previous experiments wood smoke was found to be 10 times less potent than smoke
      from polyvinylchloride and animals recovered much more rapidly than with smoke
      from polyvinylchloride.

PMID- 6431641
TI  - Disposition of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in the Fischer 344 rat: conventional and
      physiological pharmacokinetics.
AB  - To investigate the disposition of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP), [14C]-TCP was
      administered iv to male Fischer 344 rats. Unchanged TCP and total radiolabel were
      determined in tissues and excreta at varying intervals after administration. The
      compound was distributed and eliminated rapidly. Initial and terminal half-lives
      of unchanged TCP in the blood were 0.29 and 23 hr. Adipose tissue accumulated 37%
      of the dose within 15 min and retained more of the dose than any other tissue
      until 4 hr; most (69%) of the radiolabel in adipose tissue through 4 hr was
      unchanged TCP. After 4 hr, the liver contained the largest fraction of the dose,
      primarily as metabolites. Thus TCP disappeared from adipose tissue while
      metabolites appeared in liver and other tissues. Excretion was nearly complete
      (90% of the dose) in 24 hr and was predominantly via the urine (47% of the dose).
      Expiration was the only route by which unchanged TCP (5% of the dose) was
      excreted. In addition, 25% of the dose was expired as carbon dioxide. There were
      numerous other metabolites, none accounting for more than 10% of the dose.
      Nonvolatile metabolites were longer lived than the parent compound. On the basis
      of high water solubility, reaction with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and diminished
      radiolabel in bile of glycidol-treated rats, glutathione conjugation is suggested
      as an important metabolic route for TCP. A physiological pharmacokinetic model
      was developed to describe the time course of trichloropropane concentration in
      tissues. The model demonstrates the possibility of using physiological and
      pharmacokinetic data to predict concentration-time relations for toxic compounds.

PMID- 6431642
TI  - Metabolism, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in tracheal explants
      from Syrian hamster.
AB  - Metabolism, DNA binding and cytopathological effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were
      studied in isolated tracheal explants from Syrian golden hamsters. Explants were
      exposed to 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 microM [14C]AFB1 in Dulbeccos's modified Eagle medium
      for 24 h, then analyzed for AFB1-DNA binding and AFB1 metabolism. Binding (pmol
      AFB1/mg DNA) was dose-related (16.3 +/- 1.9 to 180.8 +/- 16.1) and analysis of
      the culture medium revealed the metabolic conversion products aflatoxicol (AFL)
      and aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1). Ultrastructural analysis of sections of tracheal
      epithelium revealed degenerative changes primarily in the non-ciliated epithelial
      cells. Autoradiographic analysis of the same treated explants, however, showed no
      discernible distribution of label with respect to either cell type or cell
      location, with the exception of increased grain densities overlying vacuoles
      containing dark droplets. In addition, S9 prepared from hamster trachea was shown
      to activate AFB1 to mutagens detectable by Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, but was
      approximately 70 times less active on a per mg protein basis than was S9 prepared
      from hamster liver. These results demonstrate the metabolic capabilities of
      tracheal epithelial cells in the activation of AFB1, thus indicating that AFB1
      present in respiratory particles may be activated by pulmonary mixed-function
      oxidases, posing a hazard to those exposed.

PMID- 6431643
TI  - Induction of Cd-metallothionein in cadmium exposed monkeys under different
      nutritional stresses.
AB  - Induction of cadmium metallothionein (MT) in chronic cadmium exposure in Rhesus
      monkeys undergoing protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) and calcium deficiency has
      been studied. A positive correlation between cadmium content and levels of MT in
      kidney, liver, intestine, testis, heart and lung, has been observed. The
      accumulation of cadmium and synthesis of MT in these tissues was highest in
      monkeys subjected to cadmium exposure during calcium deficiency. Although more of
      cadmium is directed towards kidneys of calcium-deficient monkeys the MT-inducing
      ability of kidney is lower than that of liver. Monkeys on PCM diet also showed
      enhanced accumulation of cadmium and MT as compared to those on normal diet
      during cadmium exposure.

PMID- 6431644
TI  - The hepatocarcinogenicity of diethylnitrosamine to rainbow trout and its
      enhancement by Aroclors 1242 and 1254.
AB  - Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed diets containing 100 ppm Aroclor 1242
      (AC42) or Aroclor 1254 (AC54) in combination with 1100 ppm diethylnitrosamine
      (DEN) for one year. The incidence of hepatocarcinomas was determined and compared
      with the incidence in trout fed 1100 ppm DEN alone. The two Aroclors dramatically
      enhanced tumor incidence from 10.2% in the positive controls (DEN alone) to 40.2%
      for AC42 and 21.6% for AC54. This is in contrast to previous results obtained
      when AC54 was fed concomitantly with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), where a substantial
      inhibition of carcinogenesis was observed. The alteration of chemical
      carcinogenesis in trout by PCB, therefore, depends upon the carcinogen involved
      and is not a generalized effect.

PMID- 6431645
TI  - [Parenteral feeding of patients with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis].

PMID- 6431646
TI  - [Characteristics of the induction properties of bone matrix obtained by
      demineralization in different solutions].

PMID- 6431647
TI  - [Results of curative radiotherapy in non-small cell bronchial cancer].
AB  - 172 patients with limited disease of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung were
      irradiated with curative intent. Complete remission and partial remission were
      achieved in 44%, and 39% respectively. The median survival time was 390 days in
      the whole group and 560 days in patients with stage T1,2N0M0. The 3-year survival
      rate was 14% in the whole group and 25% after complete remission. Comparisons
      with recent results of chemotherapy strongly indicate that alternative
      chemotherapy is not superior to irradiation in inoperable non-small cell lung
      cancer with limited disease.

PMID- 6431648
TI  - [Present status and possibilities of radiotherapy in the interdisciplinary
      treatment of malignant tumors of the stomach, pancreas and bile ducts. III.
      Extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder].
AB  - The malignant tumors of the gall bladder and the extrahepatic bile ducts belong
      to those having the most unfavorable prognosis. Similarly to the carcinomas of
      the pancreas, most of these tumors are in a very advanced stage when they are
      diagnosed. The survival times have not been improved by radical and ultraradical
      operation techniques, the operation mortality, however, has increased. In the
      meantime, the efficacy of radiotherapy has been proved for these tumors, too. So
      an additional application of radiotherapy seems indicated regarding the fact that
      most of these patients present postoperative locoregional recurrences. As for the
      carcinomas of the stomach and the pancreas, the best effect of radiotherapy can
      be expected in case of an intraoperative irradiation; furthermore direct
      percutaneous intraductal irradiation techniques have been developed for suitable
      cases. A possible efficacy of additional chemotherapy cannot be assessed yet; a
      locally adjuvant effect, as in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, could be
      imagined. The authors present the surgical, radiotherapeutic, and
      chemotherapeutic results achieved hitherto in the treatment of the carcinomas of
      the extrahepatic bile ducts and the gall bladder and propose further
      possibilities for the future use of radiotherapy. After the failure of surgery
      alone an improvement of the bad prognosis of these carcinomas by cooperative
      therapy conceptions is a vital necessity, the more as the role of obstructive
      jaundice as fatal factor has been eliminated by the non-surgical percutaneous
      transhepatic drainage of bile ducts.

PMID- 6431649
TI  - [Adverse effects of curative radiotherapy of prostate cancer].
AB  - The side effects of primary percutaneous radiotherapy in 100 patients with
      prostatic cancer were evaluated and classified into different degrees of gravity.
      It was shown that especially chronic side effects are benign in most of all
      cases. Severe - but not vitally dangerous - complications in bladder and
      intestine are rare (3%); their percentage corresponds roughly to the average
      mortality rate of surgical intervention (radical prostatectomy). Contrary to
      operation, troubles of the sexual function appear only in one third of the
      patients. Taking into consideration the similar therapeutic results of surgical
      intervention and radiotherapy, radiotherapy is more favorable with respect to
      side effects. This essential aspect should be considered when making a decision
      whether to apply a surgical or a radiotherapeutic treatment treatment.

PMID- 6431650
TI  - The cost effectiveness of CT-assisted radiotherapy planning.
AB  - The cross-sections displayed by computed tomography are an ideal basis for
      radiotherapy planning because the bodycontour, tumour target and adjacent normal
      tissues are accurately visualized. Using this format, dose distribution plans can
      be computed using an integrated radiotherapy planning system and these techniques
      make an important contribution to the management of many tumours. With an
      estimated improvement in cure rate of 4.5% and cost-effective factors of 5.0
      (Netherlands) and 3.3 (United Kingdom), CT-assisted radiotherapy planning appears
      to be a worthwhile procedure.

PMID- 6431651
TI  - [Cost-benefit studies of prevention-oriented pretreatment in primary dental
      care].

PMID- 6431652
TI  - The CO2 response in focal cerebral ischemia--sequential changes following
      recirculation.
AB  - The study was undertaken to determine the effects of various levels of ischemia
      on the CO2 response and on the development of infarction using the canine
      thalamic infarction model. Three groups were studied: those with severe ischemia
      (rCBF below 40% of the pre-occlusion levels), moderate ischemia (between 40% and
      70%) and mild ischemia (greater than 70%). The CO2 response was measured after 30
      minutes, 1, 2 and 6 hours of occlusion and then for 4 hours after recirculation.
      The CO2 response recovered after 30 minutes of occlusion in the severely ischemic
      animals, but in 8 of the 9 animals with 1 or more hours of occlusion, an impaired
      CO2 reactivity was found during occlusion and during recirculation. Among
      moderately ischemic animals, many showed impaired CO2 reactivity during
      occlusion, but following recirculation no single trend was observed. Among mildly
      ischemic animals, almost no abnormalities in the CO2 response were seen either
      during 6 hours of occlusion or thereafter. Among the 11 animals from all 3 groups
      which showed impaired CO2 reactivity, 10 developed infarction, while among the 10
      animals which showed no impaired CO2 reactivity, in 9 infarction did not arise.

PMID- 6431653
TI  - Prostaglandin release from isolated rabbit cerebral cortex micro-vessels-
      comparison of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and PGE2 release from micro-vessels incubated in
      100% O2, room air and 95% N2:5% CO2.
AB  - Prostaglandin release from microvessels isolated from the rabbit cerebral cortex
      was determined under three different atmospheric conditions: 100% O2 ("O2") room
      air, and 95% N2:5% CO2 ("N2-CO2"). Initial studies with homogenates prepared from
      rabbit cerebral microvessels (RCMV) indicated two pathways of enzymatic PGH2
      transformation, namely PGI2 synthase and GSH-dependent PGH-PGE isomerase. We
      measured the release of the principal products of these pathways, 6-keto PGF1
      alpha and PGE2 from freshly prepared RCMV. The release of 6-keto PGF1 alpha
      exceeded that of PGE2 in all three protocols. RCMV incubated in "N2-CO2"
      exhibited a reduction in the release of 6-keto PGF1 alpha compared to room air or
      "O2" incubated RCMV, evident at 30-60 min of incubation. No significant
      differences in the release of PGE2 were observed among the three incubation
      protocols. In all three incubation protocols the ratio of 6-keto PGF1 alpha to
      PGE2 did not differ during the initial 10 minutes of each incubation. After 30 to
      60 min of incubation, this ratio did not change from the "O2" or room air treated
      RCMV, but decreased significantly for the "N2-CO2" treated group. To determine
      the reversibility of the apparent "N2-CO2" induced decline in 6-keto PGF1 alpha
      release, microvessels were removed from the nitrogen atmosphere and incubated in
      room air. Release was measured during the initial 10 min following reintroduction
      to room air and was compared to room air pretreated controls treated in an
      identical manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431654
TI  - [Detection of antigen D of the Rhesus system in the organs and tissues of
      decomposed cadavers by the absorption-elution method].

PMID- 6431655
TI  - [Dental hygiene as adjunct to an accredited organization].

PMID- 6431656
TI  - Depression of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in
      enteric fever.
AB  - Ninety adult Indian typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever, EF) patients
      and 91 controls were tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
      deficiency using the fluorescent spot test (FST) and the quantitative
      methaemoglobin reduction test ( QMRT ). There was a threefold higher incidence of
      G6PD deficiency in North Indian EF patients (10.6%) than in controls (3.6%) (P =
      0.15) which may be attributable to the greater morbidity of the G6PD-deficient EF
      patients; six of nine had haemolytic anaemia. A transient depression of mean
      erythrocyte G6PD activity was observed in a subgroup of 49 non-deficient EF
      patients in whom the spectrophotometric G6PD assay was done. It did not appear to
      be related to reticulocyte count, chloramphenicol therapy, or differences in
      leucocyte contamination of the haemolysate used for the G6PD assay. If this
      depression of G6PD activity occurs in deficient patients as well, it may help to
      explain the haemolysis seen in them during EF. Of the three tests used, the QMRT
      and the spectrophotometric assay clearly identified G6PD deficiency in males
      during haemolysis, whereas the FST was unreliable in this situation.

PMID- 6431657
TI  - The use of microhaematocrit tubes for the rapid diagnosis of Chagas disease and
      malaria.

PMID- 6431658
TI  - Endocrine profile and seminal plasma composition in Hansen's disease.
AB  - Endocrine profile and seminal plasma composition in 45 patients with tuberculoid
      type Hansen's disease are reported. There was marked reduction in sperm count and
      motility (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01, respectively) with an increase in
      abnormal forms of spermatozoa (p less than 0.05). The levels of serum prolactin
      and oestradiol-17B were increased significantly (p less than 0.05, p less than
      0.05, respectively) with a marked reduction in serum FSH, LH and testosterone (p
      less than 0.05, p less than 0.05, p less than 0.05, respectively). The possible
      significance of these findings may help further to understand male reproductive
      function in Hansen's disease.

PMID- 6431659
TI  - Aflatoxin B1 in native millet beer brewed in Jos suburbs.

PMID- 6431660
TI  - Maintenance and propagation of human malaria parasites in culture using an
      ordinary CO2 incubator.

PMID- 6431661
TI  - Preparation of antihemophilic factor and fibronectin from human plasma
      cryoprecipitate.
AB  - Starting with human plasma cryoprecipitate, fibronectin was separated from
      antihemophilic factor (AHF) by fractional precipitation under mild conditions
      resulting in excellent recovery of AHF in the supernatant solution of the
      cryoprecipitate. Separation of fibronectin enabled accelerated sterile filtration
      of the supernatant solution containing AHF even after three- to fourfold
      concentration (by ultrafiltration) to desired potency. The sterile AHF
      concentrate, dispensed at 1000 u per vial and lyophilized, was completely
      dissolved within 3 minutes upon addition of 30 ml of pure water. The expected
      increment in circulating factor VIII and its hemostatic effects were found
      following intravenous infusion into factor VIII-deficient patients. Yield of AHF
      of five successive batches, each starting with the cryoprecipitate from some
      12,000 units of fresh-frozen plasma, averaged 51 percent. The fibronectin
      precipitate was purified by affinity on insolubilized gelatin with chaotropic
      elution at pH 5.5 followed by removal of the chaotrope by diafiltration. Thermal
      denaturation of adventitious fibrinogen resulted in electrophoretically pure
      fibronectin which, following lyophilization and reconstitution with pure water,
      retained biological properties in an in vitro assay designed to reflect opsonic
      activity. The yield of fibronectin for seven successive batches, each starting
      with the cryoprecipitate from some 900 units of fresh-frozen plasma, averaged 10
      percent.

PMID- 6431662
TI  - Intracerebral allotransplantation of purified pancreatic endocrine cells and
      pancreatic islets in diabetic rats.
AB  - Allogeneic pancreatic endocrine cells (PEC) and whole islets from inbred Lewis
      (AgB 1/1) and outbred Wistar rats were implanted intracerebrally (i.c.) into two
      designated areas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic ACI (AgB 4/4) rats across the
      major histocompatibility barrier. All the transplants of PEC from Lewis (n = 12)
      and Wistar (n = 7) donors remained functional for an observation period in excess
      of 200 days. In contrast, only 3/6 Lewis and 3/9 Wistar whole-islet transplants
      were able to maintain function for a prolonged period. Recipients with functional
      PEC or islet allografts had normalized nonfasting blood glucose (BG) in the 24
      hr. BG profile, and they maintained a steady body weight gain. ACI recipients of
      PEC from Lewis rats had glucose disappearance K rates of 1.3 +/- 0.3 (mean +/-
      SE) and a normal basal BG level in 4 hr following the i.v. glucose load.
      Histological section of the brain tissues with successful i.c. islet or PEC
      grafts up to a duration of 5 1/2 months revealed healthy endocrine cells in the
      cortex and the subarachnoid space. These grafts were permeated with capillaries
      but devoid of exocrine tissues or lymphoid cell infiltration. These observations
      suggest that the brain is an immunologically privileged site, and that it is a
      hospitable site for the pancreatic endocrine cell suspension. However, the
      immunological protection offered to allogeneic transplants by the brain is
      incomplete, and purified PEC must be employed to ensure consistent long-term
      allograft survival.

PMID- 6431663
TI  - Organ culture of human fetal pancreas for transplantation.

PMID- 6431664
TI  - Effects of duration of organ culture and gestational age on the function of fetal
      pancreas grafts.

PMID- 6431665
TI  - Islet cell subpopulations in cultured mouse fetal pancreas and pancreatic
      isografts.
AB  - Application of the immunoperoxidase technique proved very rewarding in
      determining the structure and function of cultured fetal pancreas and isografted
      tissue. Proliferation of endocrine beta-cells was highest during the first three
      weeks of culture but these cells rapidly declined in number thereafter as the
      delta-cell mass increased. Morphologically, the optimal culture time, based on
      beta-cell mass, was approximately ten to 14 days and this did not appear to be
      dependent on whether the tissue was cultured under conventional or high oxygen
      conditions. It is hoped that electron microscopy may reveal the fate of the
      diminishing population of insulin-producing cells. Immunoperoxidase staining of
      long-term isografts demonstrated the presence of large islets with the typical
      morphologic structure of normal adult pancreatic islets. It is believed that this
      may be of vital importance if pancreatic islet transplantation is to be fully
      effective in the control of blood glucose levels, which it is hoped will help
      prevent the longterm diabetic complications associated with insulin-dependent
      diabetes.

PMID- 6431666
TI  - Modification of immunogenicity in perinatal islets isolated and purified in
      vitro.

PMID- 6431667
TI  - Survival of organ-cultured islet allografts in partially major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC)-compatible mice.

PMID- 6431668
TI  - Control of diabetes: comparative immunogenicity and function of fetal pancreas
      and isolated islets.

PMID- 6431669
TI  - Lyt-2+ cells sensitized to graft alloantigens trigger the rejection of
      established cultured pancreatic islet allografts.

PMID- 6431670
TI  - Induction of tolerance using ultraviolet-irradiated cells.

PMID- 6431671
TI  - [Incidence of chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow of monkeys and their
      progeny after exposure to aflatoxin B1].
AB  - A mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was studied in somatic cells of
      primates. It is shown that AFB1 elevates the chromosome aberration frequency in
      bone marrow cells of two monkey species: Macaca mulatta and Papio hamadryas.
      Genome mutations were found in these experimental primates simultaneously with
      chromosome aberrations. The AFB1-induced chromosome aberrations were revealed at
      least during two years of the study. The fact of the chromosome aberration
      frequency increase was established in Macaca babies born from females who
      received AFB1 in pregnancy.

PMID- 6431672
TI  - Does trypsin extract soluble antigen meet the criteria of immunogenicity without
      allergenicity?
AB  - We were unable to confirm the finding of Crowle that TESA possesses the attribute
      of immunogenicity and absence of allergenicity which are desired in a non-living
      antituberculosis vaccine. This disagreement could be a function of the particular
      lot of TESA examined and/or differences in the animal test systems used for the
      assay of protective potency. The relative contribution of these two possibilities
      could be determined by the simultaneous assay of a potent TESA product in
      different laboratories using different animal models.

PMID- 6431673
TI  - [Enzymatic lipid peroxidation].
AB  - Biosynthesis of certain biologically active substances (prostaglandins,
      thromboxanes, prostacyclins and leukotrienes) in animal tissues occurs with
      participation of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, enzymic systems of lipid
      peroxidation. In normal physiological and pathological processes the enzymic
      lipid peroxidation by microsomal dioxygenases is considerably more active than
      the nonenzymic one in the same membrane structures. The molecular structure of
      the products of the enzymic and nonenzymic peroxidation of lipids also differs
      essentially. An assumption is advanced that cytosol lipoxygenase may be an easily
      dissociating component of the cyclooxygenase multienzymic complex and its
      transition from the biomembrane to the cell cytoplasm is accompanied by changes
      in the enzyme conformation and chemical nature of the products resulted from
      polyenic lipids oxidation catalyzed by the enzyme.

PMID- 6431674
TI  - Umbilical vein blood flow in the human fetus in cases of maternal and fetal
      anemia and uterine bleeding.
AB  - The umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) of the human fetus was studied by a method
      combining real-time and Doppler equipment in seven cases of maternal anemia, 20
      cases of Rh isoimmunization and 19 cases of uterine bleeding during the third
      trimester of pregnancy. The last individual UVBF value before delivery had in Rh
      isoimmunization a significant negative correlation with the cord hemoglobin level
      of the newborn infant (p less than 0.01), thus reflecting the severity of fetal
      hemolytic anemia. Severe isoimmunization (cord hemoglobin less than or equal to
      140 g/l) was associated with a significantly higher UVBF, blood velocity in the
      umbilical vein and umbilical vein diameter than was observed in mild-moderate
      anemia. Maternal anemia seems to be causally associated with increased UVBF
      levels. Uterine bleeding, especially before the 34th week, often leads to
      increased UVBF in the fetus. The method used seems not only to be able to
      contribute to our knowledge of hemodynamic regulation in the human fetus, but
      also provides a new practical means of evaluating the severity of fetal affection
      in cases of Rh isoimmunization.

PMID- 6431675
TI  - Rectovaginal fistulae following radiation treatment for cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 6431676
TI  - Peptide contraception in women. Inhibition of ovulation by chronic intranasal LRH
      agonist therapy.
AB  - Seventy-one healthy female volunteers used the LRH superagonist D-Ser(TBU) 6-EA10
      LRH (buserelin) for contraception during 3-26 months. One daily dose of 200-600
      micrograms was administered by the nasal route. No pregnancy occurred during the
      628 treatment months. The bleeding pattern varied from fairly regular menstrual
      bleedings (n = 26) to oligomenorrhoea (n = 27) and amenorrhoea (n = 18). No
      severe or dysfunctional bleeding disturbances were observed. No signs of
      hyperplastic changes of the endometrium were found in 57 endometrial biopsies.
      After cessation of the long-term treatment normal ovulation and menstruation
      returned after 41.3 days, on average. Thus, intranasal administration of an LRH
      agonist for inhibition of ovulation is a promising new contraceptive method for
      women.

PMID- 6431677
TI  - [The congruence and repeatability of electronic determinations of somatic cell
      counts in milk by diagnostic laboratories].
AB  - Six joint trials were conducted in six diagnostic laboratories equipped with the
      Coulter Counter Model D electronic computers. The congruence and repeatability of
      the determination of somatic cell counts in milk were determined in these trials.
      The results were confronted with similar trials performed in the Netherlands. The
      average differences in the results of determinations performed in the different
      laboratories exhibited a tendency of improvement as the joint tests proceeded, so
      that a satisfactory congruence of the results in all laboratories was obtained in
      the last trial. The standard deviation of the average difference and the average
      difference between parallel samples were characterized by high variedness . As
      found, the calibration of the computers by the plateau-and-trough method is not
      satisfactory and should be replaced by the calibration method of half the number
      and by the setting of an equal threshold size of the counted cells. The
      repeatability of determination will have to be improved by controlling rationing
      devices for milk dilution and by controlling the standard volumes counted by the
      apparatuses.

PMID- 6431678
TI  - [Submicroscopic aspects of the adherence of group B streptococci to vaginal
      epithelial cells].
AB  - The submicroscopic structure of surfaces in the streptococci of group B, type III
      (strain 13/63) and the ultrastructure of the interaction of this streptococcus
      strain with human vaginal cells were studied. The surface of the majority of B
      streptococci was smooth after using the conventional fixing techniques of
      electron microscopy; however, about 25% of streptococcal cells had an additional
      layer of filamentous protrusions on their surface. A marked layer of capsular
      material was visualized by means of the preincubation of this streptococcus
      strain with a type-specific antiserum. The incubation of B streptococci with
      vaginal cells without any addition of antibody allowed for the demonstration of
      the contact of a part of the cells of the bacterial population with the
      epithelial cells through filamentous protrusions. However, the majority of the
      smooth-surface cells was separated from vaginal cells by a gap wide up to 150 nm.
      It was demonstrated by additional incubation with type-specific antiserum that
      the above mentioned gap corresponded to the capsular substance of bacteria. Hence
      the capsule of streptococci in group B is the basic component of their surface
      responsible for adherence to vaginal cells. Adherence of B streptococci to
      vaginal epithelia was accompanied neither by bacterium ingestion nor by the
      destruction of epithelial cells.

PMID- 6431679
TI  - [Chromosome analysis of bulls in relation to disorders of sexual activity].
AB  - Chromosomal analysis was used for the examination of 16 bulls of different breeds
      from the Milhostov breeding station. The examined bulls exhibited disorders of
      sexual activity (disorders of spermiogenesis, aspermia, bad quality of semen,
      hypoplasia of testes, etc.). The examination was performed by the method after
      Moorhead et al. (1960) modified by Lojda et al. (1974): metaphase plates were
      evaluated microscopically (100 X 12) and from photos. The chromosomes were
      counted by means of the counting documator (from film negatives) and from photos.
      A card was prepared for each animal. Hyposomy (11 sires--68.75%) and hyperploidy
      (10 sires--62.5%) were found to be the most frequent numerical aberrations,
      followed by polysomy (4 sires--25.0%) and other aneuploidies (one case--6.2%). As
      to structural defects, breaks occurred in 14 sires (87.5%), bichromatid breaks in
      five sires (31.25%) and breaks on sexual chromosomes in three sires (18.75%).
      Centric fusion was observed in one case (6.25%), association in two cases (12.5%)
      and mixed aberrations in four cases (25.00%).

PMID- 6431680
TI  - [Salmonellosis in breeds of pigs with latent infections and in salmonellosis
      foci].
AB  - The occurrence of salmonellae in pigs in Slovakia is described for the period
      from 1971 to 1980. On the whole, 1430 strains (11 serological types) of
      salmonellae were isolated in stocks with latent infections. The proportions of
      the serological types were as follows: S. agona 0.69%, S. anatum 0.14%, S.
      arizona 0.07%, S. bareilly 0.14%, S. decatur 0.07%, S. enteritidis 1.12%, S. give
      0.28%, S. heidelberg 0.07%, S. choleraesuis 93.71%, S. panama 0.07% and S.
      typhimurium 2.45%. In 1315 salmonellosis foci 1333 strains (six serological
      types) of salmonellae were isolated. The proportions of the serological types
      were as follows: S. agona 0.37%, S. anatum 0.07%, S. bareilly 0.22%, S.
      enteritidis 1.20%, S. choleraesuis 90.59% and S. typhimurium 5.30%. The annual
      pattern of the occurrence of the most frequent serological types is described.

PMID- 6431681
TI  - [Mass occurrence of mycotic tracheitis in chickens].
AB  - An enzootic of chick mycosis, caused by the spores of the fungus Aspergillus
      fumigatus, is described. The mycotic infection affected the respiratory tract of
      the birds; pathological changes were located mainly in the region of the trachea.
      The changes had the nature of diphtheroid necrotic inflammation destroying the
      mucous membrane and causing almost an obstruction of the trachea. Deposits of
      granulomatous inflammation, containing fungus elements, were detected in the
      peritracheal tissue, and in individual birds also in the lungs. Litter
      contaminated with Aspergillus was the source of infection.

PMID- 6431682
TI  - [Detection of sarcocystosis in heifers and pigs using the indirect
      immunofluorescence method and trypsinization of muscle tissue].
AB  - The incidence of sarcocystosis was studied in cattle and pigs of different age
      categories by means of the methods of muscular tissue trypsinization and indirect
      immunofluorescence reaction (IFR). On the whole, 173 head of cattle and 107 pigs
      were examined. In the category of calves, a positive serological reaction was
      proved in 75% of cases, and positivity in the trypsinization of muscular tissue
      was found only in 15% of cases. In the category of beef bulls 64% of cases were
      serologically positive and 96% were positive in the trypsinization test. In the
      category of cows 70.84% of cases were positive serologically and 85.42% by
      trypsinization. In fattened pigs serological positivity was demonstrated in
      10.53% of cases but the direct determination of sarcocysts failed in all cases.
      On the other hand, trypsinization of sows was positive in 8% and IFR was negative
      in all cases. The discussion deals with the correlations of all results obtained
      by the above diagnostic methods.

PMID- 6431683
TI  - [The hygienic significance of aerobic sporulating microbes].

PMID- 6431684
TI  - Cellular lesions in intestinal mucosa of gnotobiotic calves experimentally
      infected with a new unclassified bovine virus (Breda virus).
AB  - Four gnotobiotic calves were inoculated intranasally with Breda virus within two
      hours after cesarean section. Three calves developed diarrhea between 48 and 60
      hours after inoculation; one calf was killed at 36 hours. Consistent microscopic
      findings in the intestinal mucosae of calves with diarrhea were cytopathologic
      changes in enterocytes of the lower small intestine, large intestine, and dome
      epithelial cells and an acute inflammatory response with cellular infiltration
      and subtle changes in capillaries. Virions with average dimensions of 35 x 80 nm
      were seen in rounded cells that had severe cell swelling, dilatation of the
      cytocavitary network, and hydropic degeneration. Virions were most often in
      multiple, large autophagolysosomes. There was a good correlation in detection of
      virus in cells with electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. No
      lesions were detectable in two control calves killed five days after inoculation.

PMID- 6431685
TI  - Vaccination of fish: a practical view.
AB  - Commercial vaccines giving protection against three important bacterial fish
      diseases (enteric redmouth, furunculosis and vibriosis) became available in the
      United Kingdom in 1983. The degree of protection obtained and the cost
      effectiveness vary according to the method of presentation (injection, dipping or
      spraying and oral dosing). These methods and the optimum time for vaccination are
      described.

PMID- 6431686
TI  - Malignant catarrhal fever.
AB  - Malignant catarrhal fever is briefly reviewed and recent findings are described.
      Initially the disease was observed as a disease of cattle in Europe where,
      although no cause could be identified, circumstantial evidence implicated sheep
      as a source of infection and it was thus designated 'sheep-associated' malignant
      catarrhal fever. Subsequently the disease was observed in Africa where it became
      evident that a herpesvirus which normally infects wildebeest was the cause. It is
      now apparent that deer are highly susceptible to both forms of the disease, the
      sheep-associated form being a serious problem in farmed deer. The wide spectrum
      of clinical and pathological changes that occur in affected deer are described. A
      major constraint to studies of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever has
      been the absence of an experimental laboratory system. However, from affected
      deer it has been possible to transmit the disease to rabbits and thus has allowed
      detailed pathogenesis studies to be made which are summarised in this paper. It
      is suggested that the agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever is a
      virus and that when a particular subpopulation of T-lymphocytes is infected a
      profound immunological perturbation results; the lesions of malignant catarrhal
      fever being explained by a benign T-lymphocyte hyperplasia accompanied by a
      deregulation of cytotoxic natural killer lymphocytes that gives rise to tissue
      necrosis.

PMID- 6431687
TI  - Isolation of anthrax bacillus from an elephant in Bangladesh.

PMID- 6431688
TI  - Observations on the incidence and control of Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli in the
      Arabian camel.

PMID- 6431689
TI  - A process for preparation of 'high-purity' factor VIII by controlled pore glass
      treatment.
AB  - A simple process for large-scale manufacture of 'high-purity' factor VIII is
      described in detail. A crude concentrate prepared from washed cryo is treated
      with controlled pore glass (CPG, 500 A pore diameter) in proportion of 20-30 ml
      of CPG to 1 g input of protein. The slurry is poured into a separation column and
      the effluent purified concentrate collected. The remaining factor VIII in the
      void volume is displaced by a wash solution. After passage through a 0.2 micron
      membrane filter the product is dispensed and lyophilized. Maintaining the
      operating pH at 6.5-6.7 and adding synthetic amino acids improved the yield and
      solubility. The current concentrate contains 1 unit of factor VIII per mg protein
      (10 units mg fibrinogen) with a recovery of 250 units/kg plasma. The CPG stage is
      non-destructive, yielding more than 90% of the input factor VIII. In 1980-1983,
      more than 3 X 10(6) units have been used in New South Wales, mostly for massive
      cover in surgical patients. In collaboration with the Commonwealth Serum
      Laboratories, it is intended to expand production for use in other Australian
      States.

PMID- 6431690
TI  - Improvement of enzyme-linked antiglobulin test by using an antiglobulin linked to
      glucose oxidase: description of the technique.
AB  - The classic enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) used to detect and quantify
      the amount of IgG antibodies on red blood cells (RBC) is sensitive to hemolysis
      and erythrocyte enzymatic activities. We describe a new ELAT by using glucose
      oxidase (GO) linked to antihuman IgG. The optical density base line of GO-ELAT,
      alkaline phosphatase-ELAT and peroxidase-ELAT were, respectively, 0.180, 0.350
      and 0.550. This very low baseline of GO-ELAT was due to the absence of hemolysis
      (the pH of the GO substrate is 6.5). This technique is ten times more sensitive
      than the indirect antiglobulin test and detects up to 1 ng/ml of anti-D
      alloantibodies. Additional advantages of the technique are (1) there is no
      intrinsic GO enzyme in RBC, and (2) it is not necessary to fix the RBC.

PMID- 6431691
TI  - Serology and genetics of an MNSs-associated antigen Dantu.
AB  - Dantu, a previously undescribed low-incidence red cell antigen, is inherited as a
      Mendelian dominant character. The Dantu antigen is associated with very weak s
      antigen, protease resistant N antigen and either very weak or no U antigen. Two
      of the propositi had previously been shown to have an unusual hybrid MNSs
      sialoglycoprotein, and it is probably this which carries these unusual N, s and U
      antigens as well as the Dantu antigen. A study of the family of one propositus
      suggests, by conventional genetics, that Dantu is not controlled by the MNSs
      locus; a possible explanation is given. Several examples of anti-Dantu are known,
      one was found to cause a positive direct antiglobulin reaction on neonatal red
      cells.

PMID- 6431692
TI  - Contributions to the optimal use of human blood. IX. Elimination of hepatitis B
      transmission by (potentially) infectious plasma derivatives.

PMID- 6431693
TI  - A patient, mosaic for Rh and Fy antigens lacking other signs of chimerism or
      chromosomal disorder.
AB  - A patient who shows two populations of RBC, differing in their Rh and Fy
      antigens, was investigated but no other sign of chimerism or mosaicism in a
      variety of other antigenic systems, including serum and enzyme polymorphisms and
      HLA antigens, was observed. His karyotype, as investigated on lymphocyte and
      fibroblast cultures, was normal. Possible explanations of the observed phenomenon
      are discussed.

PMID- 6431694
TI  - What are the costs and values of computers in blood services now, and what are
      they likely to be in 5 years, in the areas of management information and decision
      systems? Scientific applications? Robotics?

PMID- 6431695
TI  - The discovery of Rh hemolytic disease.

PMID- 6431696
TI  - Should chronic transfusions be matched for antigens other than ABO and Rho(D)?
AB  - It has been recommended that red blood cell transfusions to patients with
      hemoglobinopathy or aplastic anemia be matched for antigens other than ABO and
      Rho(D). We studied 1,010 patients with disorders that often lead to repetitive
      transfusion. The frequency of transfused patients with clinically important
      antibodies was not significantly different among the disease groups except for
      those with lymphocytic leukemia. The frequency of multiple red cell antibodies
      was about 3% overall. Most antibodies (71%) developed early in the transfusion
      course, before the 15th transfusion. From the standpoints of frequency of
      alloimmunization, multiplicity of antibodies, and time course of antibody
      development, patients with hemoglobinopathy and aplastic anemia were not
      significantly different from other transfused patients. Matching for antigens
      other than ABO or Rho(D) might increase costs in our hospital by 40,000-370,000
      dollars per year for these patients. Because morbidity or mortality due to these
      antibodies is rare, antigen matching for other than ABO and Rho(D) is not cost
      effective.

PMID- 6431697
TI  - Hemagglutination and the closest distance of approach of normal, neuraminidase-
      and papain-treated erythrocytes.
AB  - By means of potential energy versus distance diagrams, derived from
      electrophoretic and surface tension data, the minimum distances of approach of
      normal (NOR) and of neuraminidase-treated (NEU) and papain-treated (PAP) human
      erythrocytes could be determined. The minimum distances between the actual cell
      membranes of two opposing red cells are: 184 A (NOR), 111 A (NEU), and 113 A
      (PAP), which agrees well with the fact that anti-D (Rho) antibodies of the IgG
      class (which have a maximum distance of approximately 120 A between the two
      antibody-active sites) can hemagglutinate NEU and PAP cells, but are incapable of
      hemagglutinating normal D (Rho)-positive erythrocytes.

PMID- 6431698
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the biophysical properties of influenza A, B and
      C proteins].
AB  - A comparative analysis of electrophoregrams of influenza A, B, and C virus
      proteins in polyacrylamide gel and in agarose was made. Separation of proteins
      was similar in three influenza C virus strains tested and differed from that of
      influenza A and B virus proteins. The possibility of preparative isolation of
      supercapsid and internal proteins of influenza C virus with preservation of their
      antigenic and immunogenic properties was demonstrated. Antisera to internal
      proteins and hemagglutinin of influenza C virus were prepared. Both antisera
      reacted in the double immunodiffusion test and ELISA, and antiserum to
      hemagglutinin also in hemagglutination inhibition test.

PMID- 6431699
TI  - [A trial of targeted nutritional action in severe surgical abdominal intervention
      with complications].
AB  - A schedule for individual therapeutic nutrition is proposed after a grave
      abdominal surgical intervention. The dietetic effect is in conformity with the
      changes in the biochemical processes that develop during the period of long-term
      fasting after a grave operation and the recovery of the changes in organism
      during the period after the operation. The observations were carried out on one
      patient. The exemplary schedule of dietetic effect could be applied to other
      patients as well, but after a comprehensive study on the recommended indices--the
      foodstuffs and energy value of the diet should be corrected and individualized.

PMID- 6431700
TI  - Jail nurse.

PMID- 6431701
TI  - [Listeria infection in different periods of pregnancy].

PMID- 6431702
TI  - [Long-term therapy of juvenile drug addicts in the hospital as shown at the
      Erlenhof therapeutic facility].
AB  - The therapeutic community is the most important part of a multimodality treatment
      program for narcotic addicts. In Upper Austria, the Therapiestation Erlenhof was
      founded in 1981, being the third community of this kind in Austria. The
      therapeutic concept stresses four determinants: community life, work, leisure
      time, group psychotherapy. First results are reported. The importance of
      ideological issues and problems of aftercare are discussed.

PMID- 6431703
TI  - [Esophageal obturator tube, a new method for emergency artificial respiration].
AB  - Since several years, there are reports from the USA about the esophageal
      obturator airway, a simple device for emergency ventilatory support in the
      unconscious patient. The simplicity of its use is of advantage and may easily be
      achieved by paramedics too (blind insertion into the esophagus without the need
      of a laryngoscope). The occlusion of the esophagus prevents gastric inflation as
      well as regurgitation, emesis and aspiration. In our studies in anesthetized
      patients, the device proved to be effective. Still, preference should be given to
      endotracheal intubation whenever feasible. Several modifications of the EOA are
      discussed as well as possible complications.

PMID- 6431704
TI  - Road traffic accidents in developing countries. Report of a WHO meeting.

PMID- 6431705
TI  - [The task of hospitals in geriatric care as exemplified by the district hospital
      Ceske Budejovice].
AB  - The author gives a survey on the forms of care for the elderly in the district
      hospital Ceske Budejovice. He informs about activities of the hospital and its
      care-unit, especially in the department for "chronic-patients".

PMID- 6431706
TI  - [The obligation to report and differentiate viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6431707
TI  - [Amino acid metabolism in post-stress metabolism].
AB  - During the first four days after cholecystectomy 5 patients were nourished
      totally parenterally with the amino acid solution INFESOL 40 and carbohydrates.
      The utilization of the applied amino acids were observed by nitrogen balances,
      amino acid pattern in plasma and urine and other data. It was achieved a positive
      nitrogen balance at the 3rd postoperative day. The utilization of the amino acids
      typically was influenced by postaggression metabolism. For the application of
      INFESOL 40 in the postoperative period (posttraumatic period) some modifications
      of the amino acid pattern were recommended.

PMID- 6431708
TI  - [Protective effect of beta-carotene and canthaxanthin against UV reactions of the
      skin].
AB  - Clinical experiments could demonstrate that beta-carotene and canthaxanthin
      (Carotinoid-N), orally applied, decreases ultraviolet sensitivity such as
      manifests itself by erythematous reactions. The dosage administered was 4 dragees
      daily (1 dragee contains 25 mg beta-carotene and 35 mg canthaxanthin) for two
      weeks and 2 dragees daily for another two weeks. There was no induction of
      melanin production observed. In vitiligo, administration of Carotinoid-N failed
      to induce repigmentation, but the contrast between vitiliginous white patches and
      the surrounding pigmented skin was markedly reduced by carotinoids deposited in
      the skin. In addition, sun protection was afforded. Carotinoid-N induced a
      photoprotecting action in patients with pronounced ultraviolet sensitivity or
      with polymorphic light eruptions (PLE). In some cases, however, we recommend an
      additional pretreatment with ultraviolet light ("ultraviolet hyposensitization").
      With acne-lesions, the common sun lotions and creams should be avoided: only
      preparations without emulsifiers may be made use of.

PMID- 6431709
TI  - [We must build a bridge between long-term care and the mainland].

PMID- 6431710
TI  - [Interaction with cholinergic drugs in reversal of cycloheximide-induced amnesia
      by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analog DN-1417 in mice].
AB  - The reversal effect of drugs on experimental amnesia was studied using one-trial
      passive avoidance task in mice. Cycloheximide (120 mg/kg) given sc 30 min before
      the acquisition of avoidance response caused amnesia by showing short latency to
      enter from the safety compartment into the shocked compartment in the retention
      test conducted 24 hours later. In these cycloheximide-treated animals,
      physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH: 10-20 mg/kg) and
      DN-1417 (5-20 mg/kg) given sc 15-60 min before the retention test markedly
      prolonged response latency, indicating reversal of amnesia. The effects of all
      these drugs were almost completely antagonized by anticholinergic drug,
      scopolamine (0.4-10 mg/kg). Although physostigmine when administered in
      conjunction with TRH potentiated the reversal effect, there was no potentiation
      with DN-1417. Since these drugs did not affect test performance in the
      cycloheximide-treated mice which had experienced no foot-shock, it is unlikely
      that the amnesia-reversing effect of the drugs was a result of non-specific
      suppression on motor activity. These results suggest that cholinergic activation
      reverses cycloheximide-induced amnesia, and TRH and DN-1417, while they showed a
      difference in the action of potentiation with physostigmine, may also activate a
      retrieval process of memory by mediation of cholinergic mechanism.

PMID- 6431711
TI  - Examinations on the serodiagnosis of Sarcocystis infections. II. Class-specific
      immunoglobulin responses in mice, pigs, and sheep.
AB  - Mice, pigs and sheep were experimentally infected with Sarcocystis muris, S.
      miescheriana (syn. S. suicanis) and S. tenella (syn. S. ovicanis) respectively.
      Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays employing conjugates specific for the relevant
      host immunoglobulin classes M and G were then evaluated for use in serodiagnosing
      these infections. Soluble antigenic extracts were prepared from cystozoites
      harvested from macroscopic S. muris and S. gigantea (syn. S. ovifelis) cysts and
      from microscopic S. miescheriana cysts. Selected sera were firstly screened in
      the immunoassays for false positive and negative reactions which may have
      resulted from competition or interference occurring between the different
      antibody classes. No false reactions were detected as evidenced by the reactions
      of the sera before and after mercaptoethanol reduction of IgM and gel
      fractionation of IgM and IgG. The attempted absorption of IgG from the sera with
      Protein A proved ineffective in all 3 host animal species. Sera from the
      experimentally infected animals were then tested in the immunoassays against
      homologous and heterologous antigens and the kinetics of specific antibody
      development were determined. None of the antigens proved to be species-specific
      although heterologous reactions were usually weaker. Specific IgM-antibodies were
      detected early in the courses of all infections but they did not persist. These
      transitory responses occurred simultaneously with parasite merogonous
      proliferation in mice and sheep but later in pigs. Such responses may be of some
      value in the serodiagnosis of acute sarcocystosis. Specific IgG-antibodies were
      detected later in all infected animals and elevated levels were prominent after
      cyst formation by the parasite had occurred. These responses were therefore
      suitable for the serodiagnosis of latent and chronic Sarcocystis infections.

PMID- 6431712
TI  - Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in CSR from cerebrospinal fluid:
      preepidemic shift in serogroup and serotype distribution?
AB  - Antigenic properties of N. meningitidis strains isolated from CSF in CSR were
      surveyed. Capsular antigens (serogroups) were tested from 1970, noncapsular
      antigens (serotypes) from 1975. Results up to the end of 1982 are presented. In
      1980 shifts were encountered in the distribution of both capsular and noncapsular
      antigens. Serogroups. Group B predominated throughout the surveillance period,
      but from 1980 this predominance was significantly lower. Group C was the second
      most frequent throughout the observed period, but its frequency rose
      significantly from 1980 and stayed high. Group A was the third in frequency all
      the time, its relative prevalence increased (but not significantly) from 1980.
      Serotypes. Serotype 2 predominated during the whole period, but its predominance
      rose significantly from 1980. Serotype 4 was second in frequency, but from 1980
      its frequency also increased significantly. Serotypes other than 2 or 4 decreased
      significantly in frequency and variability from 1980, also nontypable strains
      decreased significantly from 1980. Changes in the distribution of the capsular
      and noncapsular antigens on N. meningitidis strains from CSR are characteristic
      of epidemic situation. The present finding is all the more serious because it
      comes in a context of rising meningococcal morbidity and a shift in the morbidity
      into older age groups.

PMID- 6431713
TI  - Meningococcal meningitis in CSR: a preepidemic situation?
AB  - Meningococcal meningitis has become a problem in many European countries, with
      epidemics occurring during the past 10-15 years. There have also been outbreaks
      in some non-European countries. The latest meningococcal meningitis epidemic
      recorded in the CSR (Czech Socialist Republic) occurred in 1953, with the
      morbidity reaching 14.8 per 100 000 population. After the mid 1950's there was a
      gradual decline in morbidity, the lowest value (0.3 per 100 000 population) being
      reached in 1974. Since 1975 there has been a continual rise in morbidity, the
      value notified for 1982 was 1.2 per 100 000 population. An analysis of the
      epidemiological situation in meningococcal meningitis in CSR for the past 30
      years was performed. Different indicators of the onset of epidemics were
      evaluated. Shift in the age distribution of patients was found to be the most
      valuable sign of changing epidemiological situtation. An attempt was made to
      prognosticate mathematically its further development. The analysis of the
      epidemiological data suggests that CSR is in a preepidemic situation. This
      finding is all the more important because a change has been found in the
      serogroup and serotype patterns of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6431714
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of erythrogenic toxins. VII. Study of the
      erythrogenic toxin type C produced by Streptococcus pyogenes].
AB  - Erythrogenic toxin (ET) type C was purified from culture filtrates of
      Streptococcus pyogenes strains NY 5, T 18, and AT 13. Methods used included
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, phosphate precipitation, column chromatography on
      CM-Sepharose and Sephadex G 100, and isoelectric focusing in Sephadex gel. The
      molecular weight was determined by SDS gel electrophoresis as 25,500. The
      preparation reacted only with homologous antiserum (anti-C), but not with
      antitoxins types A or B in double diffusion tests. The isoelectric point was
      determined to be 6.8 by analytical isoelectric focusing. Also the amino acid
      composition was determined. The toxin was found to be mitogenic (as well as
      pyrogenic and toxic for rabbits). The ET type C is digested by trypsin, pepsin,
      chymotrypsin and Pronase E, but is rather stable when treated with papain or
      streptococcal proteinase.

PMID- 6431715
TI  - Toxinogenic potential of Proteus mirabilis strains.
AB  - Live bacterial suspensions, original as well as concentrated filtrates of Proteus
      mirabilis cultures caused positive reaction in the rapid skin test (vascular
      permeability reaction) and also in the delayed test (combination of haemorrhagic
      reaction, dilatation of vessels and induration) as well as in the test of mice
      foot edema. The test on suckling mice did not prove the presence of thermostable
      enterotoxin. After separating the concentrated culture filtrates the biologic
      activity appeared in fraction 1 (relative molecular mass over 100 000) concerning
      the delayed skin test and in the fraction 2 (relative molecular mass approx. 40
      000) in the rapid skin test. The activity localized in the fraction 1 can be
      ascribed to a lipopolysaccharide. The fraction 2 with an expressed activity in
      the rapid skin test showed also cytotoxic and proteolytic activity. In both
      fractions the presence of active antigen substances with different mobility and
      different antigen specificity was demonstrated.

PMID- 6431716
TI  - [Characteristics of the filterable forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their
      significance in pathology].
AB  - The results of the present investigation indicate that antituberculosis therapy
      for a period of 6 months leads to qualitative changes in M. tuberculosis
      population. This is manifested by the appearance of the filterable forms of M.
      tuberculosis in pathological material. At the same time these forms retain the
      initial pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis and induce not only tuberculous, but
      also nonspecific inflammation. Among the population of these filterable forms
      organisms carrying the genetic information of the species and capable of
      replication processes have been detected.

PMID- 6431717
TI  - [Natural reproduction of all stages of a generalized meningococcal infection in
      mice].
AB  - The present work is based on the direct relationship, revealed in our
      investigations, between the hyaluronidase activity of meningococcal strains and
      their capacity to penetrate into the blood and the liquor. The use of the
      intranasal route (i.e. the natural route) for infecting previously untreated mice
      with meningococci in the presence of hyaluronidase made it possible to follow the
      generalized form of meningococcal infection in all its stages from the period of
      incubation and microbial invasion to bacteriemia, accompanied by the penetration
      of the infective agent into the meninges, and toxinemia. This route of infection
      ensured the penetration of the infective agent, but the natural specific
      resistance of mice to meningococci prevented their multiplication with the
      subsequent liberation of a sufficient amount of endotoxin killing the animals. To
      overcome natural immunity and increase toxicity, actinomycin D was injected
      intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.5 ml (5 gamma) simultaneously with the
      administration of the microbial culture and hyaluronidase, thus ensuring 40-60%
      mortality among the animals. Our model of the generalized form of meningococcal
      infection can be used in the study of pathogenesis and for the development of the
      methods of treatment and microbiological diagnosis.

PMID- 6431718
TI  - [Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of pesticin I from cells
      of Yersinia pestis strain EV].
AB  - Pesticin I has been isolated and purified from Y. pestis strain EV. The
      homogeneous preparation of Pesticin has been shown to be monomer protein with a
      molecular weight of 65000 daltons, having three immunologically identical alpha-,
      beta- and gamma-forms with different isoelectric points. The amino acid
      composition of Pesticin I is presented. Rabbit anti-serum to the beta-form of the
      preparation of Pesticin has been obtained.

PMID- 6431719
TI  - [Nutrient requirements of Bacillus anthracis strains and the growth
      characteristics of strain STI-1 in batch cultivation on synthetic broths].
AB  - A synthetic culture medium is proposed. This medium satisfies the nutritional
      requirements of most cultivated strains under study by a single amino acid:
      valine. The possibility of detecting strains with other nutritional requirements
      has been shown. The determination of LD50 in white mice has revealed no
      differences between the virulence of valine-dependent strains and that of strains
      with other nutritional requirements. During the batch cultivation of strain STI-1
      in a liquid medium glucose shows the effect of substrate limitation and
      inhibition. The optimum concentration of glucose can be different, depending on
      the composition of the medium. The influence of different amino acids, the
      sources of carbon and energy, and nitrogen on the growth of the strain is
      evaluated.

PMID- 6431720
TI  - [Immunoenzyme method of diagnosing suppurative-septic complications due to
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus].
AB  - Two test systems, based on the inhibition of the reaction of enzyme-labeled
      antibodies and on the indirect reaction of enzyme-labeled antibodies, have been
      developed with a view to diagnosing purulent and septic complications caused by
      P. aeruginosa and Proteus in accordance with the results of the determination of
      the corresponding microbial antigens and antibodies to these antigens in the
      patients' blood. An increase in the levels of P. aeruginosa and Proteus antigens
      during the first 3 days of the development of complications and in the titers of
      antibodies on days 7-10 indicates that the purulent septic complication is caused
      by the given infective agent. A high correlation of the results obtained by
      bacteriological and serological diagnostic methods has been observed.

PMID- 6431721
TI  - [Hospital aspergillosis].

PMID- 6431722
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic evaluation of the sequelae of closed craniocerebral
      injuries].
AB  - Sixty-four patients were examined clinically and immunologically at a long-term
      period following craniocerebral trauma. In patients with a history of head trauma
      impaired adaptation mechanisms were shown to underlie the neurologic disorders,
      which was reflected in changes in the natural immunity system. The severity and
      duration of natural resistance impairments were correlated with the gravity of
      clinical manifestations. The study of the time-course of natural resistance
      parameters allows the objective evaluation of the degree of central nervous
      system recovery following closed craniocerebral trauma.

PMID- 6431723
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with defects of the bones of the skull after
      craniocerebral injury].
AB  - Patients with defects of the cranial bones were followed up for from one to ten
      years and over by employing clinical, electrophysiological, psychological, and
      social research methods. Combined assessment of cerebral dysfunctions showed the
      presence of general cerebral symptomatology which, in the period of
      decompensation, manifested itself in hypertensive and hypothalamic crises, as
      well as in psychopathological disturbances. The latter were controlled by courses
      of rehabilitation treatment. In the period between the crises, the patients with
      a substituted defect of the cranial bones were capable of many kinds of working
      activities, which suggests that the acknowledgement of an "anatomical defect" in
      which event the degree of disability is established once and for all is warranted
      only in cases of unsubstituted defects of the cranial bones (3 X 1 cm, according
      to the Manual of identifying the degree of disability, 1956).

PMID- 6431724
TI  - [Various features of the mu-rhythm in epileptics].
AB  - Out of 502 epileptics studied, 54 patients showed the mu-rhythm on the EEG which
      was more pronounced on the side of the epileptic focus. It was usually sharply
      shaped and often attended by the central beta-rhythm. The diagnostic value of the
      paroxysmal mu-rhythm is evident although the latter occurs rather rarely. When
      the epileptic foci were located in the temporal lobe, the mu-rhythm was more
      disorganized as compared with the frontal-central localization. The authors
      failed to detect these characteristics of the mu-rhythm in 33 control subjects.
      The findings obtained may be used as an auxiliary topical-diagnostic criterion,
      particularly in cases where the EEG exhibits no epileptic phenomena in the
      interictal period.

PMID- 6431725
TI  - [Initial manifestations of epilepsy secondary to a residual organic lesion of the
      central nervous system].
AB  - Examination of 61 children suffering from epilepsy revealed the presence of
      premanifest asthenic conditions in cases where epilepsy was secondary to some
      residual organic injury. Early detection and adequate evaluation of these states
      may be conducive to the prevention of epileptic attacks.

PMID- 6431726
TI  - [Striopallidal form of subcortical epilepsy].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the structure of focal somatomotor fits with tonic
      convulsions of the upper limbs was carried out in connection with the
      unresponsiveness of these patients to surgical intervention into the sensomotor
      cortex. An analogy was revealed between the arm position during the paroxysm and
      its position in defense. Since the defense reflex is generated in the subcortical
      formations of the brain and above all in the caudate nucleus it is suggested that
      the latter is responsible for the generation of the described paroxysms. It is
      proposed, therefore, that the above paroxysms should be called a striopallidal
      form of subcortical epilepsy.

PMID- 6431727
TI  - [Epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis patients].
AB  - Epileptic seizures were one of the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis
      in 12 out of the 800 patients studied. They were more frequent during the disease
      exacerbation and served as an indicator of the pathological process activity. The
      significance of immunological impairments in the genesis of these attacks is
      outlined.

PMID- 6431728
TI  - [Clinical and electroencephalographic features of the action of the psychic
      stimulant sydnocarb in various forms of epilepsy].
AB  - The qualitative and quantitative values of the baseline EEG differed
      significantly in patients with primarily generalized epilepsy and temporal
      epilepsy. The administration of anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, finlepsin) leads
      to a considerable clinical effect and a decrease in the values of the integrated
      EEG in the functional states studied in conscious subjects. Additional inclusion
      of sydnocarb into the multimodality treatment results in the intensification of
      the therapeutic response in patients with petit mal epilepsy which is accompanied
      by EEG desynchronization, whereas in temporal epilepsy with psychomotor
      paroxysms, sydnocarb addition produces an opposite effect.

PMID- 6431729
TI  - [Alpha-tocopherol in the complex treatment of several forms of epilepsy].
AB  - Seventeen patients with various forms of epilepsy who had shown resistance to the
      routine anticonvulsant and psychotropic therapy were treated with alpha
      tocopherol (600 mg once daily). Prior to the tocopheral treatment all patients
      showed pathological changes on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and a two to ten
      fold increase in the plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. A
      beneficial effect was observed in all patients one month after the drug
      administration. In 11 cases, it was accompanied by decreased blood levels of LPO
      products and by positive changes on the EEG. The clinical action of alpha
      tocopherol was manifested first in the appearance of adequate emotional
      volitional activity and then in a reduced frequency of epileptic seizures. In
      four patients, generalized seizures were arrested completely. In five cases, the
      treatment did not affect the blood content of LPO products, although the
      prevalence and severity of affective phenomena were reduced. Thus, the inclusion
      of alpha-tocopherol into the multiple modality therapy of certain forms of
      epilepsy raises the efficacy of its treatment.

PMID- 6431730
TI  - [History of the study of Kozhevnikov epilepsy].

PMID- 6431731
TI  - Histochemical aspects concerning the synthesis and the fate of cholesterol into
      the epidermis.
AB  - By means of a suitable histochemical method free cholesterol and its esters could
      be detected into the epidermis layers. The results show that in the stratum
      spinosum keratinocytes free cholesterol appears as an amorphous or granular
      structure apparently protein unbound; into the stratum granulosum keratinocytes
      the cholesterol becomes protein-bound and its most part undergoes esterified. The
      extracellular compartment nearly the stratum granulosum contains a little amount
      of cholesterol esters loosely bound to proteins. The results suggest that free
      cholesterol after being synthesized into the cytoplasm of the stratum spinosum
      and granulosum keratinocytes, it is partially esterified and becomes protein
      bound, appearing as fine granules within the cytoplasm of the granulous cells.
      From this site it takes to fates:1. Its most part remains into the granulous cell
      cytoplasm and at the same time the granulous cell develop to the horny cell it is
      placed on the thick cell membrane inner surface contributing to its thickness; 2.
      Another part after reaching the extracellular compartment it is spread over the
      thick membrane out surface. Inside the thick cell membrane, into the horny layer,
      free cholesterol is continuously esterified since the keratinizing cell migrate
      to the periphery; however even at the most peripheral layers the free cholesterol
      predominates. Either free cholesterol or its esters, contained into the
      keratinizing cell thick membrane, were excreted throughout the horny layer
      exfoliation. The keratinizing cell cytoplasm does not contain neither free
      cholesterol nor its esters.

PMID- 6431732
TI  - Submandibular glands as organs of synthesis and accumulation of insulin-like
      protein.
AB  - Experiments are presented to determine the endocrine function of submandibular
      salivary glands in the light of a hypothesis about synthesis of insulin-like
      protein (ILP) and participation of these organs in regulation of the glucose
      level in the organism. ILP was discovered in submandibular glands of male mice,
      rats, hamsters, cats, rabbits, pigs, bulls, and men. Electrophoretical and
      immunological studies of insulin-like protein, extracted from these glands,
      showed its similarity with pancreatic insulin. Immunofluorescent studies showed
      that ILP was localized in the granular duct cells of mice and rats. Studies by
      immunoperoxidase method illustrated that insulin-like protein was distributed
      along the periphery of the electron-dense secretory granules. In submandibular
      glands of animals which do not contain granular ducts, ILP was revealed in the
      striated tubules (by immunofluorescent method). Study of submandibular glands in
      vitro showed that ILP was synthesized in glands and not simply accumulated there.
      Under the condition of insulin deficiency (in vivo) and increased glucose
      concentration in culture media (in vitro), duct cells of submandibular glands
      released ILP in increasing amounts. Injection of ILP into mice caused a decrease
      of glucose concentration in the blood and a convulsive reaction. This fact
      indicates the similarity of ILP with insulin in its physiological action. Our
      studies permit to draw the conclusion on the participation of submandibular
      glands in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 6431733
TI  - Distribution of lysozyme (muramidase) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in normal and
      neoplastic epithelial tissues: a survey.
AB  - Lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin are useful in differentiation of
      histiocytic tumours. Both enzymes, however, also can be expressed in epithelial
      tissues. In contrast to lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is more often found to
      be positive in non-histiocytic neoplasias. In general, the activity of parent
      tissue is retained in tumour cells. In malignant melanoma and in single cases of
      other epithelial tumours an activity of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was found which
      could not be demonstrated in normal parent tissue and which may find its
      explanation in a dedifferentiation of tumour cells.

PMID- 6431734
TI  - Histochemistry of mucosubstances in the frog respiratory epithelium.
AB  - The histochemical nature of the mucosubstances of the respiratory epithelium of
      the frog palate was studied. 3 main types of epithelial cells were identified:
      Goblet cells which contained some glycogen, some neutral mucins and a mixture of
      sialidase-resistant and sialidase-labile sialomucins, non ciliated columnar cells
      with a secretory activity restricted to their apical pole. These cells contained
      abundant glycogen, some neutral mucins and sialidase-resistant sialomucins,
      ciliated cells with no secretory activity. The surface mucous blanket was
      composed of a mixture of predominant sialomucins and some neutral mucins. The
      histochemistry of mucosubstances in the respiratory epithelium of the frog palate
      differed from that of human and most respiratory systems by the presence of
      glycogen and the absence of sulphated mucins.

PMID- 6431735
TI  - [Enzyme histochemical studies of the swine placenta. Histoptics of enzymes in
      interareolar placental epithelia].
AB  - In porcine interareolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were
      demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of
      pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta
      glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase,
      nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine
      aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate
      dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate
      dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The
      results show that most of the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during
      the period of investigation. Only G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH activities increased within
      the uterine epithelium and nonspecific esterase activity within uterine as well
      as chorionic epithelia during the 2nd half of pregnancy. Within chorionic and
      uterine epithelia, hydrolases but not dehydrogenases demonstrated a higher
      activity at the bases of chorionic villi as compared to the apices and flanks of
      the latter. The action and influence of the demonstrated enzymes on metabolism,
      energy transfer, secretory, and resorptive activities of chorionic and uterine
      epithelia are discussed.

PMID- 6431736
TI  - Polarization and electron microscopic studies on the collagen of intact and
      ruptured human tendons.
AB  - The intact and degenerated tendons were studied by the Picrosirius polarization
      microscopic method and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In the
      intact tendon, type I collagen were found as sole component. In the degenerated
      tendon, the collagen revealed histochemical and ultrastructural aspects with are
      typical of collagen type III. The formation of type III collagen must be an
      integral part of the disease process.

PMID- 6431737
TI  - [Biochemical and morphologic studies on the effect of bile acids on the
      epithelium of the rat jejunum].
AB  - The influence of bile salts on the mucosal surface of rat jejunum was tested with
      an in vivo technique of segmental perfusion. Sodium taurocholate and
      chenodesoxycholate were applied in a concentration of 3 mmol/l. The release of 5
      brush border membrane enzymes, 5 cytosolic, 1 mitochondrial, and 2 lysosomal
      enzymes during a perfusion time of 150 min as well as morphological alterations
      after bile salt treatment were investigated. Among the membrane enzymes, due to
      their superficial localization, the solubilization of enteropeptidase and alpha
      1,4-glucosidase was highest both in the control perfusion and in the presence of
      bile salts. At the same time, cytoplasmic enzyme activities were liberated
      extensively whereas lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes were scarcely detectable.
      This disproves any serious injury of the enterocytes. Electronmicroscopic results
      supported this suggestion. After administration of taurocholate (in physiological
      concentration), only an occasional diminution of the glycocalyx was observed and
      even chenodeoxycholate (in an unphysiological concentration) caused only
      negligible destructions of intestinal brush borders. Investigations with
      ruthenium red to contrast the glycocalyx showed a partially unchanged structure.
      Microvesiculation from the microvilli was observed in many electron microscopic
      photographs. That is a possibility for the release of membrane-bound and
      cytosolic enzymes without destruction of enterocytes.

PMID- 6431738
TI  - Etomidate and alfentanil infusion for major surgery.
AB  - An intravenous infusion of etomidate 125 mg together with alfentanil 5 mg diluted
      to 50 ml was used to induce and maintain anesthesia in 20 patients undergoing
      major surgery. A dose of etomidate 0.2 mg/kg, and alfentanil 8 micrograms/kg was
      used to induce anesthesia, which was initially maintained by one tenth of that
      dose given each minute by syringe pump. Subsequent dosage was regulated in
      response to cardiovascular, EEG and EMG changes, with infusion stopped a mean 7.3
      min. before the end of surgery. Alcuronium provided muscle relaxation. The
      technique was clinically successful, with effective anesthesia and rapid
      recovery. Good monitoring is important for optimal control of intravenous
      anesthesia. In this series the Datex ABM was used.

PMID- 6431739
TI  - Immunoserology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in man. II. effect of natural
      and immune anti-LPS antibodies on pseudomonas colonization and infection.
AB  - In 39 acute patients of a respiratory unit a comparatively high Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody level present on admission prevented
      colonization by the homologous pseudomonas serogroup. At lower natural antibody
      titres symptomless colonization occurred, and in patients with the lowest initial
      titres, later P. aeruginosa complications developed. A low antibody level also
      predisposed to pseudomonas infection in 9 chronic patients. When colonization
      occurred at high antibody titres, the presence of P. aeruginosa was only
      transient; however, the titre had no effect on the further duration of harbouring
      P. aeruginosa. Anti-LPS antibodies may play an important role not only in the
      outcome of pseudomonas infection, but also in other respects of pseudomonas-man
      interaction.

PMID- 6431740
TI  - Immunoserology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in man. I. Four types of
      interaction between host and bacterium.
AB  - Continuous survey of clinical symptoms, bacteriological findings and anti-LPS
      antibodies in 39 acute and 9 chronic patients at a respiratory department
      revealed four interaction-types between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and host: I,
      clinical complications with a serological response; II, the same without
      serological answer; III, rise of specific antibodies without clinical symptoms;
      and IV, no clinical or serological reaction despite the presence of P.
      aeruginosa. Exogenous factors like massiveness or mode of infection (e.g.
      instrumental) determined mainly the type of interaction in the absence of immune
      antibodies. P. aeruginosa colonization longer than a few days turned generally
      into manifest or subclinical infection. The lack of antibody production in severe
      infection was likely a consequence of an immune-paralysis, elicited by a massive
      infection. Antibody production was lower in subclinical than in manifest
      infection, yet IgG-type antibodies increased not only in the latter, but always
      in the former, too.

PMID- 6431741
TI  - A double-blind crossover study comparing sodium cromoglycate eye drops with
      placebo in the treatment of chronic conjunctivitis.
AB  - In a placebo controlled double-blind crossover study, 60 patients with chronic
      non-infections conjunctivitis were treated for 4 weeks with either sodium
      cromoglycate eye drops or with placebo followed by 4 weeks on the alternative
      treatment. The dose was one drop into each eye 4 times daily. The scores for a
      number of symptoms and signs were significantly lower after 4 weeks sodium
      cromoglycate treatment than after similar placebo treatment. In both the
      patients' and clinician's opinion significantly more patients responded to the
      active treatment than to the placebo treatment. At the end of the trial clinician
      recorded more preferences for sodium cromoglycate (27) than for placebo (9), and
      the difference was highly significant (P less than 0.01). No side effects were
      reported during the trial.

PMID- 6431742
TI  - Glutaraldehyde fixatives for preserving the chick's inner ear.
AB  - We preserved the inner ears of chicks in various concentrations of glutaraldehyde
      (2 to 3.5%) and cacodylate buffers (0.025 to 0.1 M). Buffer concentrations below
      0.1 M caused osmotic damage that higher glutaraldehyde concentrations only
      partially counteracted. The combination of 3.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.1 M
      cacodylate buffer optimally preserved the different cell types and also
      eliminated problems of swelling and shrinkage. We further improved cellular
      preservation by immediately immersing the dissected specimen into chilled (4
      degrees C), aerated fixative. The improved fixation greatly increased the
      retention of cytoplasmic ground substances, particularly in supporting cells and
      nerve terminals.

PMID- 6431743
TI  - The effect of noise and carbogen on cochlear vasculature.
AB  - Histological measures of cochlear vasculature and blood flow were examined in 24
      guinea pigs. Six animals were exposed to white noise at 120 dB SPL while
      breathing carbogen (10% CO2 and 90% O2) for 30 min. Six subjects were noise
      exposed while breathing air. Six breathed carbogen without noise exposure and six
      served as unexposed air-breathing controls. The statistically significant results
      indicate that noise resulted in reduced blood supply to the cochlea and that
      carbogen increased cochlear blood flow. When animals were exposed to both noise
      and carbogen, carbogen tended to counteract the reduced blood supply effects of
      noise.

PMID- 6431744
TI  - A prospective study of intrapulmonary fat accumulation in the newborn lung
      following intralipid infusion.
AB  - In order to assess the safety and stability of a parenteral fat emulsion
      (Intralipid) in total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 29 infants were infused Vamin
      glucose and Dextrose electrolyte solution as well as one of two isocaloric
      regimens; either 25% Dextrose (Group I) or 10% Intralipid (Group II). Regular
      biochemical monitoring was performed in all cases and no infants became lipaemic
      nor developed abnormally high levels of total free fatty acid. Eight infants died
      and only those who had received fat emulsion had lipid staining material
      distending the pulmonary vessels. One infant having low infusion rates of
      Intralipid had massive fat accumulation in the lungs, but biochemistry during
      life had been normal. We speculate that in ill infants the emulsion becomes less
      stable and agglomeration of fat particles occurs which are then fully filtered
      out by the lungs before metabolism of the exogenous fat can occur.

PMID- 6431745
TI  - Pulmonary fat embolism after intralipid therapy--a post-mortem artefact? Light
      and electron microscopic investigations in low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - The lungs of 22 low-birth-weight infants were investigated, mean gestational age
      29 weeks (range 25 to 35). Thirteen of the 22 newborns had been treated with
      Intralipid--10% for an average of 20 days (range 3 hours to 75 days). The mean
      maximum rate of fat infusion was 2.0 g/kg/day (range 0.5 to 3.6). Nine of the 22
      newborns had been fed formula and given supplemental amounts of amino acids and
      glucose intravenously, but no Intralipid. The lungs were fixated in situ
      immediately after death with glutaraldehyde. Neither in the Intralipid group nor
      in the non-Intralipid controls was intravascular fat accumulation identified,
      either by light microscopy or by electron microscopy. It is speculated that an
      agglomeration of lipoprotein globules to larger stainable lipid droplets cannot
      take place in the short interval between the actual time of death and the time of
      fixation of the lung tissue. Thus, fat globules found in lungs of premature
      infants and described as fat embolism might have been post mortem artefacts.

PMID- 6431746
TI  - Congenital liver damage after treatment of mother with valproic acid and
      phenytoin?
AB  - A female neonate, whose mother had been treated throughout pregnancy with
      valproic acid and phenytoin, showed evident signs of liver damage, confirmed by
      laboratory investigations and biopsy.

PMID- 6431747
TI  - Histochemical AMD electron microscopic studies of intercellular matrices of
      papilloma induced by painting DMBA on the skin of mice.
AB  - The localization and distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in papilloma tissue
      which was introduced by painting DMBA on the back skin of ICR mice were observed
      by light and electron microscopy. GAG consisting mainly of hyaluronic acid could
      be detected histochemically on the cell surface and extracellular matrices of the
      basal layer of the papilloma, but it could not be observed in the non-neoplastic
      epidermis. After incubation of tissue segments in a medium containing 35SO4, an
      autoradiograph was made, and 35S-radioactivity was observed in the interface
      between the papilloma epidermis and dermis. Ultrastructurally, the cell surface
      of keratinocytes in the basal layer of the papilloma was stained intensely with
      ruthenium red. A cell line was obtained from the papilloma, and GAG could be
      demonstrated on the cell surface and in the intercellular matrix of the
      cultivated keratinocytes by treatment with hyaluronidase. The significance of GAG
      in the proliferating squamous cells was discussed.

PMID- 6431748
TI  - Restoration of antigenicity of tissue antigens, cell-bound immunoglobulins and
      immune deposits in paraffin-embedded tissue. The influence of fixation and
      proteolytic enzymatic digestion.
AB  - The possibility of preservation and restoration of antigenicity of some antigens
      in paraffin-embedded tissue was evaluated by direct immunofluorescent technique
      on deparaffinized sections. Fixation with 96% ethanol-1% acetic acid, 10% neutral
      buffered formalin and p-formaldehyde was useful for the preservation of tissue
      antigens and immune deposits, whose antigenicity could be easily restored by
      trypsin digestion. Neutral buffered formalin was also a satisfactory fixative in
      immunofluorescent staining on lymphocyte/plasma cell-bound immunoglobulins.
      Fixation with alcohol-Bouin's fluid showed contrast results; feasible for
      staining of cell-bound immunoglobulins, but poor for that of glomerular immune
      deposits. After papain digestion, BSA and lysozyme, antigens of immune complexes,
      were easily detected in experimental chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis.
      Pepsin was more efficient than trypsin in restoring the antigenicity of renal
      tissue antigens such as fibronectin and polyantigenic basement membrane, but the
      brush border antigen of the proximal renal tubules was frail to the pepsin
      digestion. In general, the enzymatic digestion time necessary for the restoration
      of antigenicity was in parallel with fixation time. Results obtained have shown
      that deparaffinized sections could be used as satisfactory substrate for
      immunohistochemistry when proper fixation and efficient proteolytic enzymatic
      pretreatments were performed.

PMID- 6431749
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of thyroglobulin in the human thyroid
      gland.
AB  - The microidentification of the organelles containing thyroglobulin (TG) in the
      follicular cells of human thyroid glands were studied by the immunoelectron
      microscopic method. Fresh human thyroid glands were used for the purification of
      TG. TG was purified by differential salt fractionation and DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. Anti-human TG rabbit IgG antibody was obtained by immunization of
      this purified TG. F(ab')2 fragments of anti-TG rabbit IgG antibody were prepared
      by pepsin digestion. The specificity of the antibody was tested on an Ouchterlony
      immunodiffusion plate. Conjugation of the purified F(ab')2 fragments of anti-TG
      rabbit IgG antibody to horse radish peroxidase was performed in order to use the
      direct peroxidase labelled antibody method. Under immunohistochemical light
      microscopy, the luminal colloid and the follicular cells appeared heavily
      stained. Under immunoelectron microscopy, positive reactions were observed in the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and the apical cell border. To
      date, no clear direct evidence of the presence of TG in the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and the Golgi apparatus of human thyroid cells has ever been reported
      in immunoelectron microscopic studies. This study indicates that the use of
      F(ab')2 fragments of anti-TG rabbit IgG antibody in immunoelectron microscopic
      study is useful for the identification of TG in organelles of human thyroid
      follicular cells.

PMID- 6431750
TI  - A consecutive series of 30 malignant schwannomas. Survival in relation to clinico
      pathological parameters and treatment.
AB  - Thirty malignant schwannomas from an 18-year period were studied, and the
      patients were divided into 3 groups: one with Recklinghausen's disease, one with
      tumours related to nerves but without Recklinghausen's disease and finally one
      with a histopathology best compatible with malignant schwannoma. On all tumours a
      histopathological grading was performed, and all except two were found to be high
      grade malignant. The follow-up is from 2 to 20 years, and only two of the living
      patients have not yet been followed for 5 years. One patient has been lost during
      the follow-up period. In the remaining 27 patients the 5-year survival is 48%.
      The factors essential to the prognosis are: the tumour localization, size, grade
      of malignancy and radical surgical treatment. The coexistence of Recklinghausen's
      disease and malignant schwannoma seems not in itself to give a worse prognosis;
      it is rather the large tumours and unfavourable localizations in this group of
      patients that shortens the survival, the 5-year survival being 37.5%.

PMID- 6431751
TI  - The effects of metformin compared to the effects of phenformin on the lactate
      production and the metabolism of isolated parenchymal rat liver cell.
AB  - The metabolic effects of metformin were compared to the effects of phenformin on
      isolated parenchymal liver cells from fed and fasted rats with ethanol or
      glycerol as the only substrate. Both biguanides caused a fall in the hepatic
      oxygen-consumption, in the cellular ATP-content and in the ATP/ADP-ratio. The
      lactate production and the concentration-ratios of lactate/pyruvate and of beta
      hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate rose. The production rate of ketone bodies remained
      unchanged. This response was the same whether the hepatocytes were from fed or
      fasted rats and whether glycerol or ethanol was substrate. Only quantitative
      differences in the response on the biguanides were detected. The effects of the
      biguanides were dose dependent. Phenformin was ten times more potent than
      metformin. The same holds for their therapeutical potency. The findings indicate
      inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation by both biguanides resulting in
      reduction of the cytoplasmic and the mitochondrial redox potentials causing
      enhanced lactate production. It is concluded that metformin excerts the same
      effects as phenformin on the hepatic metabolism, when the concentration ratio is
      about ten to one. Both biguanides give rise to elevated lactate production. This
      effect is highly increased when ethanol is present.

PMID- 6431752
TI  - Reduced cofactor function of human high molecular weight kininogen induced by
      human plasma kallikrein.
AB  - Most reports in the literature state that human plasma kallikrein does not
      destroy the capacity of human high molecular weight kininogen (HMrK) to function
      as a cofactor in the contact phase activation of factor XII. In the present work
      preparations of highly purified human plasma kallikrein that showed high
      plasminogen activator (PGA) activities rapidly reduced the cofactor function of
      human HMrK. Gel electrophoresis with SDS without reduction showed that all
      kallikrein preparations tested contained two protein bands, one major band with a
      Mr of about 83,000, and one weak band with a Mr of 80,000. The main band is
      probably identical with kallikrein I, which Levison & Tomalin (1982b), using Ac
      Pro-Phe-Arg-OMe-HCl as substrate, found to be ten times more active (in terms of
      kcat/Km) than kallikrein II with Mr 3000 daltons lower. The rate of HMrK
      destruction in our experiments varied with the kallikrein preparation used, but
      assays of their hydrolytic activities against benzoyl arginine ethylester (BAEe)
      or the plasma kallikrein selective tripeptide substrate H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA (S
      2302) did not discriminate between enzyme preparations with different HMrK
      destroying capacities. Assay of PGA activities demonstrated a correlation between
      the level of PGA measured, and the HMrK-destroying capacity.

PMID- 6431753
TI  - Bronchial anaphylaxis in actively sensitized Sprague Dawley rats: studies on
      mediators involved.
AB  - Previous experiments have shown that SD rats actively sensitized to ovalbumin
      (OA) undergo bronchial anaphylaxis at intravenous challenge with a specific
      antigen. The inhibitory effect of antiallergic drugs in this experimental system
      and the relation of the response to serum reaginic antibody levels, depend on
      sensitization conditions (Dahlback 1981; Dahlback et al. 1982). The present
      experiments indicate that the main primary mediators of the respiratory
      anaphylaxis are serotonin and product(s) of the cyclooxygenase pathway of
      arachidonic acid metabolism. This is the case whether the animals are sensitized
      with 10 or 100 micrograms OA together with 100 mg alum and whether they are
      examined 2-3 or 5-6 weeks after sensitization. However, the bronchoconstrictory
      efficacy of exogenously added 5-HT varies with the immunization conditions of the
      animals: those given 100 micrograms OA together with alum are more reactive to 5
      HT at intravenous challenge than animals given 10 micrograms AO and alum.
      Moreover, compounds known to affect the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid
      metabolism influence the bronchial anaphylactic reaction in different ways
      depending on immunization and test conditions. These data suggest that 5-HT and
      some not yet identified product(s) of cyclooxygenase/thromboxane synthetase are
      main mediators of allergen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis in the rat and that
      products of the lipoxygenase pathway play a minor direct role but may modulate
      the response.

PMID- 6431754
TI  - Differential sensitivity to aphidicolin of replicative DNA synthesis and
      ultraviolet-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in vivo in mammalian cells.
AB  - In vivo in mammalian cells, ultraviolet-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis was
      less sensitive to aphidicolin than was replicative DNA synthesis. Replicative DNA
      synthesis in HeLa, HEp-2, WI-38 VA-13 and CV-1 cells was inhibited more than 97%
      by aphidicolin at 10 micrograms/ml, whereas aphidicolin inhibition of DNA
      synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated cells varied between 30% and 90% depending on
      cell types and assay conditions. Aphidicolin inhibition of unscheduled DNA
      synthesis (UDS) in HeLa cells increased gradually with increasing aphidicolin
      concentration and reached approximately 90% at 100 micrograms/ml aphidicolin. A
      significant fraction of UDS in ultraviolet-irradiated HEp-2 cells was resistant
      to aphidicolin even at 300 micrograms/ml. Considered along with related
      information reported previously, the present results suggest that both
      aphidicolin-sensitive and insensitive DNA polymerases, DNA polymerase alpha and a
      non-alpha DNA polymerase (possibly DNA polymerase beta), are involved in in situ
      UDS in these ultraviolet-irradiated cells. Comparison of staphylococcal nuclease
      sensitivity between DNAs repaired in the presence and in the absence of
      aphidicolin in HEp-2 cells suggested that the involvement of DNA polymerase alpha
      in UDS favored DNA synthesis in the intranucleosomal region.

PMID- 6431755
TI  - Improvement in freezing phenomenon of Parkinson's disease after DL-threo-3, 4
      dihydroxyphenylserine.
AB  - A 77-year-old man with Parkinson's disease of long standing, under treatment with
      L-DOPA and benserazide, was administered DL-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL
      threo-DOPS), a precursor of norepinephrine, for 10 days. With this administration
      the patient's freezing phenomenon was remarkably improved, and his dysarthria
      also showed improvement. When DL-threo-DOPS was suspended, the frozen gait
      returned on the third day to almost the former level, even though he continued to
      receive L-DOPA and benserazide. After administration of DL-threo-DOPS, the CSF
      level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of
      norepinephrine, was 127.5% of the pretreatment level. These observations suggest
      that DL-threo-DOPS can pass through the blood-brain barrier and change to
      norepinephrine, and that DL-threo-DOPS may be beneficial in the treatment of the
      freezing phenomenon of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6431756
TI  - Placental aldose reductase inhibition by Silybin (preliminary communication).

PMID- 6431757
TI  - The role of transcription in primary induction.
AB  - The present study shows that transcription is responsible for primary induction.
      Areas which have been already induced continue to differentiate and proliferate.
      From this it is evident that actinomycin D acts on Hensen's node and does not
      pass into the induced areas. On comparing the initial 17 hours differentiation
      and the 40 hours development it is evident that induction starts in the middle of
      the axis when Hensen's node matures, so that the anterior region of the axis.
      i.e., the brain, is induced both during elongation and regression of the
      primitive streak. The spinal region is induced only during the regression of the
      primitive streak.

PMID- 6431758
TI  - Development of intraductal protein plugs in rats fed with ethanol for 18 months.
AB  - The pancreatic tissue damage was investigated histologically in rats kept on
      liquid diet containing 6% ethanol for 18 months. Rats kept on a liquid diet
      without ethanol served as controls. The daily ethanol intake was 1.2 g/100 g b.w.
      The daily intake of liquid food was 26 ml/100 g b.w. (26 cal/100 g b.w.) (108
      Joule/100 g b.w.) without ethanol and about the same (24 ml/100 g b.w.) with
      ethanol. Mortality rate was 75% in the group fed with ethanol and 30% in the
      control group. Ethanol decreased both body weight and pancreatic weight but did
      not effect the relative pancreatic weight. In histological sections no difference
      in character, intensity or extent of the damage was observed between the ethanol
      fed rats and controls. In both groups there were protein plugs in the pancreatic
      ducts and ductules. The noncalcified intraductal protein plugs are thought to
      have been induced by the protein precipitant effect of the tissue fixative
      applied in histology.

PMID- 6431759
TI  - Teratogenic effects of cadmium acetate and sulphate upon development of the chick
      embryo.
AB  - The influence of cadmium acetate and sulphate on 42-hour-old chick embryos was
      studied. In all series, 1 microliters of a 0.01% solution was directly deposited
      on the blastoderm in ovo. Strophosomy was the most spectacular abnormality. It
      developed at acid pH. In some cases, strophosomy was exaggerated and led to
      anterior symmelia. Coelosomy was the most important anomaly caused by cadmium
      sulphate. With a buffered CdSO4 solution its rate was lower while it was absent
      when a buffered cadmium acetate solution was used. Solutions of alkaline pH did
      not elicit other abnormalities either and under their effect the percentage of
      normal embryos increased. It is concluded that these cadmium salts had a
      coelosomic effect completed by a strophosomic one under acid pH conditions.
      Phosphate buffer was able to reduce or to neutralize these effects.

PMID- 6431760
TI  - Polarization colours of collagen fibres: a sign of collagen production activity
      in fibrotic processes.
AB  - The maturation process of collagen fibres was investigated by the picro-sirius
      red/polarization light technique in experimental wound healing, in allyl-alcohol
      induced subacute and chronic liver fibrosis and in human biopsy material.
      Evidence was obtained that collagen fibres undergo a rapid maturation in fibrotic
      processes; the intensity of their birefringence increases and, at the same time,
      their polarization colour changes. Newly formed collagen fibres appear on the 4-6
      mum thick sections in green polarization colour. Later, in a more mature stage,
      they became yellow, orange or red under crossed polaroids. The findings suggest
      that the simple picro-sirius red/polarizing light technique may be useful to form
      an opinion about the activity of the fibrotic process.

PMID- 6431761
TI  - Atresia, stenosis and duplication of the gastro-intestinal tract: consideration
      of their origin.
AB  - Malformations of the intestinal tube were studied in 220 infants and in 15 human
      embryos. Comparison with data in the literature allowed that atresias, stenoses
      and duplications of the gastrointestinal tract result from some primary
      morphogenetic disturbance in early gestation more often than from a failure of
      recanalization, interference with blood supply in fetal life, or from enteritis
      or peritonitis. This is based on the association of these defects with
      chromosomal abnormalities (trisomies, partial monosomies, etc); association with
      malformations which cannot be explained by secondary lesions; the finding of
      oesophageal stenosis in 6 week-old embryo prior to the stage of epithelial
      proliferation; the lack of vascular disturbance in cases of the "apple-peel"
      syndrome and persistence of intramural ganglia in affected segments of bowel.

PMID- 6431762
TI  - Relationships between central nervous system noradrenergic function and plasma
      and urinary concentrations of norepinephrine metabolites.
AB  - The available evidence suggests that there is an interaction or linkage between
      brain adrenergic systems and the functioning of peripheral CA neurons,
      particularly those in the sympathetic nervous system. Significant correlations
      between brain, CSF, plasma, and urinary concentrations of NE and MHPG have been
      observed by several different groups, and these are reviewed and summarized.
      While these correlations may occur in part because of a direct contribution of
      brain MHPG to peripheral pools of MHPG, it is also likely that the mechanism
      underlying these relationships resides in an interactive linkage between central
      and peripheral adrenergic systems. The use of plasma and urinary MHPG as a probe
      for central adrenergic function is discussed in relationship to these noted
      correlations and the central-peripheral interactive paradigm. The question of how
      well a peripheral adrenergic measure reflects CNS NE neuronal activity is
      discussed. Finally, it is noted that the existence of interactions between
      central CA systems and the sympathetic nervous system broadens research
      strategies, since it can no longer be assumed that measures of plasma or urinary
      NE, NM, or VMA do not reflect central events because the quantities of these
      substances entering the periphery from brain are quite small.

PMID- 6431763
TI  - The generation of diversity in phosphorylcholine-binding antibodies.

PMID- 6431764
TI  - Immunoglobulin RNA rearrangements in B lymphocyte differentiation.

PMID- 6431765
TI  - Structure and function of Fc receptors for IgE on lymphocytes, monocytes, and
      macrophages.

PMID- 6431766
TI  - [Developmental eye abnormalities in mouse fetuses induced by ochratoxin A].

PMID- 6431767
TI  - Serum vitamin E and lipid peroxides in malnutrition, hyper and hypothyroidism.
AB  - Serum lipoperoxides were measured, by a modified thiobarbituric acid method, in
      25 children affected with malnutrition, 40 adults having hyperthyroidism and 40
      adults having hypothyroidism and compared with the serum lipoperoxides content of
      40 normal adults. The lipid peroxide content was 3.9 nmol/ml in normals, 1.8
      nmol/ml in malnutrition, 2.5 nmol/ml in hyperthyroidism and 3.1 nmol/ml in
      hypothyroidism. The vitamin E content of the serum in all the cases was found to
      vary in the same way as the amount of circulating lipid peroxides. The serum
      inhibitory capacity against in vitro lipid peroxidation, using rat brain
      homogenate as a model system, was totally abolished in malnutrition and was
      decreased to about 50% in hyperthyroidism and to about 33% in hypothyroidism, as
      compared to normal human serum. It is concluded that the level of circulating
      lipid peroxides in serum is related to the serum vitamin E concentration.

PMID- 6431768
TI  - NMR of the normal and pathologic eye and orbit.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of the eye and orbit were reviewed in a
      series of 100 normals and in four patients with orbital or ocular pathology. A
      rich retrobulbar fat content rendered the orbit well suited for NMR imaging. The
      lens, vitreous, optic nerve, and extraocular muscles were well visualized with
      spin-echo technique. However, NMR spatial resolution was inferior to that of high
      resolution computed tomography (CT). NMR was comparable to CT in demonstrating
      choroidal melanoma and orbital pseudotumor. NMR exhibited a particular
      sensitivity in displaying tissue contrast for infiltrative orbital fat lesions
      with a relatively long T1. This initial experience suggests a promising role for
      NMR in orbital imaging.

PMID- 6431769
TI  - Examination of the extracranial carotid bifurcation by thin-section dynamic CT:
      direct visualization of intimal atheroma in man (Part 1).
AB  - Because carotid angiography has been shown to have limitations in the detection
      of intimal disease at the bifurcation, a new method of examination of the
      extracranial carotid artery has been developed using thin-section dynamic
      computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Carotid atheroma and thrombi can be imaged
      directly on these sections. The intimal lesions are uniformly hypodense with
      respect to the carotid arterial wall. Radiologic-pathologic correlation studies
      using human carotid arteries in a neck phantom confirm that these hypodense
      lesions are atheromas or thrombi. There is good correlation between CT cross
      sectional images and cross-sectional postmortem artery sections. While a number
      of new computer-based methods of reformation of the carotid artery have been
      developed, consecutive thin slices through the carotid bifurcation display the
      pathologic lesions satisfactorily.

PMID- 6431770
TI  - Examination of the extracranial carotid bifurcation by thin-section dynamic CT:
      direct visualization of intimal atheroma in man (Part 2).
AB  - Examination of the extracranial carotid bifurcation by thin-section computed
      tomographic (CT) scans after bolus, high-volume contrast enhancement allowed
      detection of more disease than did arteriograms in six of eight consecutive
      patients with transient ischemic attacks. In four patients this was on the
      clinical side of the lesion; in two the disease was in the asymptomatic carotid
      artery. One patient appeared to show a carotid ulcer; the ulcer was detected on
      CT. However, at surgery and subsequent histology, the surface of the lesion was
      endothelialized. The carotid CT examination is performed in the scanner "dead
      time" between unenhanced and enhanced head CT scans using the same contrast
      material for both studies. The examinations covers 3-3.6 cm of the carotid
      bifurcation region. Thin-section CT of the extracranial carotid arteries is a
      noninvasive examination that on preliminary evaluations appears to have
      sensitivity at least equal to that of carotid angiography in the detection of
      intimal disease.

PMID- 6431771
TI  - Ischemic chiasmal syndrome and hypopituitarism associated with progressive
      cerebrovascular occlusive disease.
AB  - Two interesting patients are described with unique clinical and radiographic
      manifestations of progressive bilateral stenosis-occlusion of the distal internal
      carotid arteries. Their clinical presentations, ischemic chiasmal syndrome and
      hypopituitarism, are extremely rare, despite extensive occlusion of the circle of
      Willis. In one of these patients, the configuration of collateral vessels around
      the optic chiasm on computed tomography (CT) was so rounded and discrete that it
      actually had an appearance suggesting a pituitary tumor or an aneurysm. In the
      second patient, a pseudoaneurysm and a very large intracerebral hematoma with a
      ring of contrast enhancement were the radiographic manifestations.

PMID- 6431772
TI  - Metrizamide myelography and postmyelographic computed tomography: comparative
      adequacy in the cervical spine.
AB  - Metrizamide myelography and postmyelographic computed tomography (CT) were
      evaluated for relative efficacy when correlated with operative findings in a
      series of 30 patients. Fifty-seven levels were operated on in the 30 patients
      with 27 patients diagnosed as having diffuse cervical stenosis, hyperostotic
      spondylosis, or herniated nucleus pulposus. Metrizamide myelography and CT
      metrizamide myelography were equally useful in providing preoperative diagnostic
      information at 44 of 57 levels. Both radiographic techniques agreed with the
      degree of canal and neural forman stenosis found operatively at more than 80% of
      levels. This study indicates that either metrizamide myelography or CT
      myelography alone is sufficient, and that both should be performed only if one
      fails to answer the clinical question or if syringomyelia or cord tumors are
      suspected.

PMID- 6431773
TI  - Value of computed tomographic myelography in the recognition of cervical
      herniated disk.
AB  - Three patients with cervical radicular symptoms and normal metrizamide myelograms
      underwent thin-section high-resolution computed tomographic scanning because of a
      strong clinical suspicion of herniated disk. Herniated disk was demonstrated in
      all three cases. In two, the disk protrusions were recognized only by computed
      tomographic myelography, and in the third case, the diagnosis was made with plain
      computed tomography and confirmed by computed tomographic myelography.

PMID- 6431774
TI  - Intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children: localization by intraoperative
      sonography.
AB  - Intraoperative sonography was performed in 20 children in order to localize
      intramedullary spinal cord tumors. It provided excellent visualization of the
      extent and consistency of the tumor before surgical opening of the dura mater.
      The sonographic findings were used in selecting the site and extent of myelotomy.
      Intraoperative sonography proved to be a valuable adjunct to spinal cord surgery.

PMID- 6431775
TI  - Iohexol lumbar myelography: clinical study.
AB  - Forty-three patients underwent lumbar myelography with the new, nonionic contrast
      medium iohexol. Multiple laboratory examinations, neurologic examinations, and
      electrocardiograms showed no significant alterations after intrathecal injection
      of the contrast agent. Mild electroencephalographic changes were seen in one
      patient. Nineteen adverse reactions occurred in 13 patients; only one of them was
      considered severe. No patient experienced a seizure, auditory or visual
      hallucination, or similar neuropsychologic reaction. This is a distinct
      improvement over the side effects described for previous water-soluble contrast
      agents. The adverse reactions occurring with iohexol myelography are fewer in
      number and less severe than with metrizamide myelography, and radiographic
      visualization obtained with iohexol is equal to that obtained with metrizamide.
      With iohexol, it appears that the most disturbing and disabling neuropsychologic
      reactions have been reduced to an acceptable minimum.

PMID- 6431777
TI  - Percutaneous biopsy of a metastatic spinal nerve root nodule in a child.

PMID- 6431776
TI  - Relative uptake of low- and high-osmolality contrast media in CT of brain tumors.
AB  - The magnitude and time course of contrast enhancement in spontaneous canine brain
      tumors was determined for two contrast agents: meglumine iothalamate and sodium
      meglumine ioxaglate. Tumor enhancement during contrast infusion and at 5, 10, 15,
      30, and 45 min was measured using quantitative computed tomography. Blood iodine
      was measured using x-ray fluorescence. Peak contrast enhancement occurred during
      the infusion, and the magnitude was the same for both agents. Per gram of iodine
      infused, blood iodine was 12.4% higher with ioxaglate than iothalamate. The
      monoionic dimer ioxaglate is as effective as iothalamate for enhancement of
      canine brain tumors.

PMID- 6431778
TI  - Holoprosencephaly classified by computed tomography.
AB  - Five cases are presented to demonstrate the computed tomographic (CT) spectrum of
      holoprosencephaly. The classifications of alobar, semilobar, and lobar types A
      and B holoprosencephaly are each represented, with an additional case of
      semilobar holoprosencephaly complicated by a subdural effusion.

PMID- 6431779
TI  - Cystic periventricular leukomalacia: sonographic and CT findings.
AB  - Periventricular leukoencephalopathy (PVL) is a pathologic process that has
      attracted little attention in neurodiagnosis. It is the second most common
      acquired central nervous system abnormality in neonates, outranked only by
      germinal matrix hemorrhage. Autopsy series suggest a 7%-22% incidence, but
      clinical recognition is poor. The diagnosis usually signals a less favorable
      neurodevelopmental outcome. Twenty-one cases with PVL and later cavitation
      (cystic PVL) were reviewed. Sonography was compared with computed tomography (CT)
      where applicable. In this series 4.8% of all neonates referred from an intensive
      care nursery developed cystic PVL. Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms were
      observed. Sonography depicted both forms as strong periventricular echoes. Small
      cysts developed in the subacute phase. CT was unreliable in diagnosing the
      nonhemorrhagic form of PVL and had a tendency to miss the development of white
      matter cysts. Sonography proved to be an excellent method for establishing the
      initial diagnosis and recognizing late sequelae. Late CT changes consisted of
      periventricular cysts, irregularity of the ventricular wall, ventricular
      enlargement, and cerebral atrophy.

PMID- 6431780
TI  - Intracranial Serratia infection in preterm newborn infants.
AB  - Four cases of cerebral Serratia infection in preterm infants were diagnosed with
      the aid of real-time sector sonography. Three cases had brain abscesses and one
      case had ventriculitis. In two cases brain abscesses had ruptured into the
      ventricles. Serratia brain abscess was common in our series of brain abscesses.
      Sonographic patterns of cerebritis, abscess formation, and ventriculitis
      correlated well with computed tomographic scans. Bedside cerebral sonography
      proved to be useful for the diagnosis, location, and follow-up of intracranial
      Serratia infection.

PMID- 6431781
TI  - Pituitary hyperplasia secondary to thyroid failure: CT appearance.

PMID- 6431782
TI  - CT of multiple intracranial cryptococcoma.

PMID- 6431783
TI  - Primary extradural intracranial hydatid disease: CT appearance.

PMID- 6431784
TI  - Value of sagittal sonography and direct sagittal CT of the Dandy-Walker syndrome.

PMID- 6431785
TI  - Intraspinal tumor with lumbosacral agenesis.

PMID- 6431786
TI  - Pulmonary metastasis from intraspinal meningioma.

PMID- 6431787
TI  - Computed tomography of spinal cord necrosis from multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6431788
TI  - Magnetic resonance without nuclei?

PMID- 6431789
TI  - Pseudocyst of spinal cord on metrizamide ct.

PMID- 6431790
TI  - Treatment of epilepsy.
AB  - Seizure patterns usually reflect known functions of the involved areas of the
      brain. The causes of epilepsy vary with the age at onset. For the purposes of
      determining drug therapy, seizures are divided into three groups. Focal and tonic
      clonic seizures respond to one group of drugs, and absence seizures respond to
      another group. Surgical therapy may be beneficial in some patients with medically
      intractable epilepsy.

PMID- 6431791
TI  - Gonococcal proctitis with skin abscess.

PMID- 6431792
TI  - Effects of dilazep on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in humans.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of dilazep, a new antianginal drug, were investigated
      in 18 patients, who underwent cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography
      for the evaluation of chest pain. Dilazep, 0.2 mg/kg, was injected intravenously
      over 1 to 2 minutes. The changes induced by dilazep in coronary tone were
      assessed by quantitative angiography in four patients, changes in systemic and
      coronary hemodynamics and blood gases in eight patients, and changes in systemic
      and pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gases in six. In 6 of the 18 patients the
      effects on hemoglobin-O2 oxygen binding were also investigated. Following dilazep
      administration, we observed a marked reduction of coronary resistance (six
      patients) (0.5 vs 1.0 mm Hg X min X ml-1, p less than 0.01) and of aortic
      coronary sinus oxygen difference (seven patients) (4.6 vs 12.3 vol%, p less than
      0.01), and a 23% increase in coronary diameter (four patients) (p less than
      0.001). Total systemic resistance was also reduced by dilazep (six patients).
      Conversely, only minimal or insignificant changes were observed in heart rate (14
      patients), aortic pressure (14 patients), total pulmonary resistance (six
      patients), myocardial oxygen consumption (six patients), double product (14
      patients), blood gases (seven patients), and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (six
      patients). We conclude that dilazep exerts a powerful dilating action on coronary
      vasculature without appreciable increase of myocardial oxygen consumption and
      cardiac work simultaneously with a reduction of peripheral resistance.

PMID- 6431794
TI  - Remissive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6431793
TI  - Coronary lesions in neurofibromatosis associated with vasospasm and myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 6431795
TI  - Nitrate cross-tolerance: effect of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and
      nitroglycerin during sustained nitrate therapy.
AB  - In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 10 patients with stable, exercise
      induced angina pectoris were studied during sustained therapy with oral
      isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Circulatory changes and exercise performance were
      evaluated before and 6 hours after therapy with oral ISDN. One-half hour after
      this therapy, sublingual ISDN or nitroglycerin (NTG) was administered and
      exercise testing repeated. Treadmill walking time 6 hours after oral ISDN was
      similar to the control value. Subsequent administration of sublingual ISDN
      improved walking time from 429 +/- 156 to 513 +/- 166 seconds (p less than
      0.005), whereas after NTG improved from 411 +/- 159 to 480 +/- 158 second (p less
      than 0.005). The improvement in walking time with ISDN (23%) and NTG (18%) and
      the absolute walking times were not different. The standing systolic blood
      pressure decreased from 124 +/- 23 to 112 +/- 22 mm Hg (p less than 0.02) after
      therapy with sublingual ISDN and 122 +/- 23 to 110 +/- 24 mm Hg (p less than
      0.005) after administration of NTG. This study demonstrates that (1) during
      sustained ISDN therapy, walking time returns to control values by 6 hours; (2)
      administration of either sublingual ISDN or NTG results in significant
      circulatory changes and improvement in walking time; and (3) the changes in
      circulatory and exercise variables after administration of NTG in patients taking
      sustained ISDN therapy cannot be taken as evidence of an absence of cross
      tolerance between these agents.

PMID- 6431796
TI  - Electrophysiologic and clinical effects of intravenous and oral encainide in
      accessory atrioventricular pathway.
AB  - The effect of intravenous and oral encainide was studied in 12 patients with an
      accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP). Eight patients had Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome and 4 had a concealed AP. Electrophysiologic studies were performed
      before and after intravenous encainide, 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg, and 4 weeks after oral
      encainide, 75 to 200 mg/day. Mean follow-up was 19 +/- 6 months. During sinus
      rhythm, intravenous and oral encainide significantly prolonged the AH and HV
      intervals. In patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, after intravenous
      encainide, anterograde conduction over the AP was blocked in 3 patients, and the
      anterograde effective refractory period (ERP) of the AP was markedly increased in
      3. Five of these 6 patients had a control value of the anterograde AP ERP of less
      than 270 ms. Anterograde AP block was maintained in 2 patients after oral
      encainide therapy. Retrograde AP block or marked increase of retrograde AP ERP
      was seen in 4 of 9 patients after intravenous encainide and in 2 of 7 after oral
      therapy. Encainide either prevented induction of circus movement tachycardia
      (intravenous, 4 of 11 patients; oral, 2 of 7 patients) or significantly prolonged
      tachycardia cycle length (intravenous, 7 of 11 patients; oral, 5 of 7 patients).
      During long-term follow-up of 9 patients, 6 patients had no recurrences of
      tachyarrhythmia after individual adjustment of encainide dosage. One patient had
      worsening of supraventricular tachycardia after intravenous encainide therapy and
      4 patients complained of visual blurring; in 1 patient it was so severe that it
      required withdrawal of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431797
TI  - Immunocytochemical enhancement of basement membrane antigens by pepsin:
      applications in diagnostic pathology.
AB  - Basement membrane zone antigens, laminin, Type IV collagen, and Type V collagen
      each are enhanced selectively in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by
      pretreatment with pepsin (1 mg pepsin/mL 0.5 M acetic acid). Highly specific
      antibodies to laminin, Type IV collagen, and Type V collagen each demonstrate
      intense linear staining of epithelial and endothelial basement membranes in fresh
      tissue, but this staining is diminished markedly and often completely abolished
      in paraffin-embedded tissue. Pretreatment of this paraffin-embedded tissue with
      standard immunoperoxidase enhancement technics such as trypsin fails to increase
      immunoreactivity of these antigens. Pretreatment with other proteases with known
      collagenolytic activities such as bacterial collagenase and Type IV collagenase
      is likewise ineffective. In contrast, pepsin pretreatment markedly enhances
      immunoreactivity of laminin, Type IV collagen, and Type V collagen. Previous
      immunocytochemical studies of the basement membrane useful in the distinction of
      invasive tumors from their benign counterparts, for example, tubular carcinoma of
      the breast from sclerosing adenosis, which only could be done prospectively in
      fresh tissue now can be performed retrospectively in paraffin-embedded tissue.

PMID- 6431798
TI  - Sensitivity of routine blood bank methods for the detection of anti-D as
      determined during proficiency testing.
AB  - A proficiency testing program in immunohematology, involving over 240
      laboratories, was used to assess the detection of anti-D in six concentrations
      ranging from 11 to 8,500 ng/mL. Using the indirect antiglobulin test, more than
      98% of laboratories reporting detected anti-D at all concentrations. Enzyme and
      albumin antiglobulin methods as routinely practiced did not clearly increase
      sensitivity, and the direct agglutination methods used were much less sensitive
      than indirect antiglobulin methods. If proficiency testing truly reflects
      performance in practice in Ontario, Canada, the sensitivity of manual indirect
      antiglobulin methods in routine use for the detection of anti-D appears to meet
      reasonable expectations of these technics.

PMID- 6431799
TI  - Alpha heavy-chain disease presenting as goiter.
AB  - A patient with alpha heavy-chain disease (alpha HCD) originally had presented
      with a goiter from an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Alpha HCD was diagnosed by
      both standard laboratory procedures and high-resolution two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. The fragment of the alpha chain had a molecular weight of 38,000
      and consisted of seven major charge forms, with an isoelectric point range of 5.2
      5.6. Since alpha HCD usually involves the gastrointestinal tract, the thyroidal
      involvement in this case is unusual.

PMID- 6431800
TI  - Intestinal morphological changes during oral refeeding in a patient previously
      treated with total parenteral nutrition for small bowel resection.
AB  - This report describes a patient who, after a subtotal resection of small
      intestine for an embolic obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery, was
      maintained on total parenteral nutrition for 30 days and then refed.
      Cytoproliferative analysis of the intestinal mucosa, evaluated by peroral
      biopsies performed on days 1, 5, 14 and 30 after oral refeeding, demonstrated an
      increase in cell proliferation from 1 to 14 days after refeeding, followed by a
      return to starting values after 30 days. On days 1 and 5, we saw an intestinal
      hypoplasia that became a hyperplasia after 14 days of oral refeeding. Our data
      confirm the importance of oral nutrition for the small intestinal response after
      resection.

PMID- 6431801
TI  - Platelet-activating factor is a weak platelet agonist: evidence from normal human
      platelets and platelets with congenital secretion defects.
AB  - We have examined the effects of a novel platelet agonist, platelet activating
      factor (PAF), on human platelets. Irreversible aggregation and 14C-serotonin
      secretion in response to PAF (10(-5) M) was found to be dependent on both
      thromboxane production and secreted adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Liberation of
      arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane-bound phospholipids is a prerequisite step in
      platelet thromboxane production. Studies with 3H-AA-labeled platelets revealed
      that PAF (10(-5) M) was a weak stimulus for the mobilization of AA. In addition,
      PAF (10(-5) M) was found to be a weak inducer of thromboxane synthesis (mean = 6
      pmol/10(8) platelets) as compared to thrombin 5 U/ml (mean = 177 pmol/10(8)
      platelets), measured using a radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B2. Formation of
      phosphatidic acid is an early step in stimulus-response coupling in platelets.
      Our studies indicate that PAF is a weak stimulus for phosphatidic acid formation
      as well. To obtain further insights into its action, we examined the effect of
      PAF on platelets from three groups of patients with congenital secretion defects:
      patients with the storage pool deficiency, those with impaired thromboxane
      synthesis due to impaired liberation of AA from phospholipids, and those with
      impaired secretion despite normal granule stores and thromboxane production. The
      response to PAF was impaired in all patients, providing further evidence that PAF
      induced platelet activation is dependent on secreted ADP and thromboxane A2
      synthesis, and occurs by mechanisms common to a number of agonists. Overall,
      these studies indicate that PAF is a weak platelet agonist.

PMID- 6431803
TI  - DRGs and Medicare reimbursement for outpatient intravenous antibiotic programs.

PMID- 6431802
TI  - Ethylene oxide: an overview of toxicologic and epidemiologic research.
AB  - Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a reactive epoxide and potent biocide. It is used widely
      in gas sterilization of hospital equipment. An estimated 75,000 health care
      workers in the United States have potential exposure. EtO binds covalently to
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and has been shown in 13 species to cause point
      mutations. Apparently, as a consequence of its alkylating ability, EtO exposure
      can result in chromosomal damage. In monkeys EtO exposure produces increased
      frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations. In
      man, five cytogenetic studies have shown dose-related increased frequencies of
      either SCE or chromosomal aberrations; in one study SCEs developed after regular
      exposures lasting less than five minutes per day. EtO is a reproductive toxin. In
      adult male rats, exposure produces decreased fertility, increased fetal deaths,
      and heritable chromosomal translocations. In pregnant female rats and rabbits,
      exposure causes increased fetal losses, and in one study in pregnant mice
      exposure was associated with increased numbers of malformed fetuses. In male
      monkeys EtO causes dose-related reductions in sperm count and sperm motility. In
      pregnant women, one study suggests that brief occupational exposure twice daily
      in concentrations of 20 ppm or above was associated with increased spontaneous
      abortions. EtO is carcinogenic to animals. In rats it causes dose-related
      increases in mononuclear cell leukemias, peritoneal mesotheliomas, and cerebral
      gliomas. In man, exposure has been associated in two epidemiologic studies with
      increased leukemias: 3 leukemias observed versus 0.2 expected in one study, and 2
      observed versus 0.14 expected in the other; two additional small studies of
      limited power found no excess leukemias. Quantitative risk assessment indicates
      that from 634 to 1,093 excess deaths from cancer will occur per 10,000 workers
      exposed to EtO at 50 ppm over a working lifetime, and that 12 to 23 excess cancer
      deaths will occur per 10,000 workers exposed at 1 ppm. The National Institute for
      Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that EtO be regarded as a
      potential human carcinogen. NIOSH has recommended that eight-hour time-weighted
      average exposure to EtO be less than 0.1 ppm and that short-term peak exposure
      not exceed 5 ppm for more than ten minutes per working day.

PMID- 6431804
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of parenteral nutrient solutions containing cimetidine
      hydrochloride.

PMID- 6431805
TI  - Ibuprofen in the prevention of experimentally induced postoperative adhesions.
AB  - Using a five-dose 70 mg/kg regimen, of ibuprofen significantly reduced both
      overall adhesion formation and the severity of adhesions when given to rabbits in
      the immediate postoperative period. This reduction was apparently time- and dose
      related, as animals given smaller doses of ibuprofen at subsequent intervals had
      a tendency toward more adhesions and also more severe adhesions. A positive
      correlation was found between the severity of adhesions and the formation of new
      glycosaminoglycans and collagens.

PMID- 6431806
TI  - Research on ibuprofen for sepsis and respiratory failure.
AB  - According to an experimental study in 26 dogs, ibuprofen reversed the
      hypotension, increased the cardiac index, prevented the acidosis associated with
      endotoxic shock, and apparently improved survival. In animals given endotoxin
      followed by ibuprofen, an initial decrease in systemic blood pressure
      subsequently recovered to 150.2 +/- 4.1 mm Hg in 120 minutes (p less than 0.001).
      Cardiac index increased in ibuprofen-treated animals (2.3 +/- 0.28 1/m2 per
      minute), compared with animals given endotoxin alone (1.0 +/- 0.09 1/m2 per
      minute) by termination of the experiment. In addition, although arterial pH
      decreased to 7.18 +/- 0.03 by 120 minutes in animals given only endotoxin, final
      pH was 7.36 +/- 0.01 in the ibuprofen-treated group.

PMID- 6431807
TI  - Use of ibuprofen in unusual circumstances.
AB  - The clinical pharmacology of ibuprofen (Motrin, Upjohn) in relation to the
      pathophysiologic aspects of various diseases is explained. An understanding of
      prostaglandin's numerous effects can help the clinician to expand the use of
      ibuprofen (as in Barttern's syndrome) and to exercise caution as warranted, as
      when treating patients with renal disease. Knowledge of ibuprofen's clinical
      pharmacology may also enable practitioners to prescribe the drug rationally in
      situations not well represented in the literature, as in the elderly or in
      individuals with bleeding diatheses or severe liver disease. The use of ibuprofen
      in multiple-drug therapy with aspirin, warfarin, phenytoin, digoxin, or lithium
      is explored. Perusal of the literature enables the clinician to gain an awareness
      of patient subpopulations warranting careful use of medication, including the
      elderly or individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue
      disease, or aspirin-induced asthma.

PMID- 6431808
TI  - Mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
AB  - Recent data from several laboratories, which suggest that generally accepted
      concepts relating to the mechanism of action of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory
      drugs (NSAIDs) in rheumatoid arthritis may be incorrect, are reviewed. Over the
      past decade, most researchers have espoused the idea that NSAIDs act by
      inhibiting cyclooxygenase, thereby removing prostaglandins, which are thought to
      be responsible for pain and inflammation. Recent studies demonstrating that
      prostaglandins have important immunomodulating properties and that NSAIDs
      actually provide partial correction of several immunoregulatory dysfunctions in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis are described. In addition, some NSAIDs
      inhibit migration along with other monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      functions. Data suggest that these actions are not related to inhibition of
      cyclooxygenase.

PMID- 6431809
TI  - Evidence of increased parathyroid activity on discontinuation of high-aluminum
      dialysate in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
AB  - High-aluminum dialysate exposure has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of
      vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
      Parathyroid-mediated osteitis fibrosa is rare in these patients. Thirteen
      patients undergoing longterm hemodialysis were transferred from a center (Unit A)
      where water used to prepare dialysate was high in aluminum (100 to 450
      micrograms/liter) to a new center (Unit B) where dialysate was highly purified
      (aluminum concentration less than 10 micrograms/liter), and changes in calcium
      metabolism were studied over a 12-month period. After transfer of patients to
      Unit B, serum aluminum levels fell (p less than 0.01), whereas serum
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels rose (p less than 0.01) over 10 months.
      Over this time, predialysis serum calcium levels did not alter significantly,
      whereas postdialysis serum calcium levels declined slightly (p less than 0.05).
      Serum phosphate levels did not alter. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels rose
      progressively in Unit B (p less than 0.001). Discontinuation of dialysate high in
      aluminum in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis may facilitate a rise in
      parathyroid activity.

PMID- 6431810
TI  - Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis with mainly twice-weekly isoniazid and
      rifampin. Community physicians' seven-year experience with mainly outpatients.
AB  - The general medical community in the United States has been rather slow in
      adopting short-course bactericidal chemotherapy for tuberculosis despite the
      clear demonstration of the advantage by several carefully controlled clinical
      trials. Reported herein is experience between January 1976 and December 1982 in
      1,028 patients with bacteriologically proved pulmonary tuberculosis treated for
      nine months with isoniazid (300 mg) and rifampin (600 mg) daily for one month
      followed by twice-weekly isoniazid (900 mg) and rifampin (600 mg) for the other
      eight months. They were treated by 45 local practitioners and supervised by
      public health nurses through 60 Arkansas Department of Health chest clinics in
      the state. Outpatient therapy was mostly self-administered in the routine
      treatment program. Overall success was achieved in 95 percent of the 751 patients
      who completed therapy; in 21 (2.8 percent), sputum cultures failed to convert to
      negative, and 15 (2.1 percent) have had relapse since therapy was stopped.
      Therapy could not be completed in 26.9 percent due to deaths, drug toxicities,
      relocation, refusal, etc. Of 21 bacteriologic failures, 18 patients developed
      isoniazid resistance and were treated with additional two bactericidal drugs.
      Most of the relapses (nine of 15) occurred within 12 months after chemotherapy
      was stopped. However, four relapses occurred quite late during follow-up. Only
      three of 15 patients with relapse showed isoniazid resistance. Side effects of
      the drugs were encountered in 10.3 percent, but major toxicities occurred in 3.2
      percent (hepatitis in 2.6 percent, hematologic effects in 0.6 percent). Clinical
      surveillance for toxicity is preferred over routine and regular biochemical
      monitoring. Patient acceptance of the regimen was excellent, and compliance was
      good. Short-course chemotherapy is effective, with low drug toxicity, reduced
      cost of drugs, and ease of direct supervision when needed, and is acceptable to
      patients in routine treatment.

PMID- 6431811
TI  - Gas exchange during dialysis. Contrasting mechanisms contributing to comparable
      alterations with acetate and bicarbonate buffers.
AB  - Although arterial hypoxemia during hemodialysis is common and may contribute to
      dialysis morbidity, the mechanisms responsible remain uncertain. Additionally,
      controversy exists as to whether bicarbonate dialysate produces less hypoxemia
      than acetate dialysate. The short- and long-term effects of acetate dialysate and
      bicarbonate dialysate on gas exchange were compared in eight stable patients
      undergoing dialysis using a closed, proportioning system and a double-blind,
      crossover study design. Dialysate was sampled immediately proximal and distal to
      the dialyzer to determine its contribution to total carbon dioxide elimination.
      Ventilatory parameters and blood gas values were measured before dialysis, at one
      hour, and after dialysis. Arterial oxygen tension fell significantly and
      comparably at one hour with both dialysates, whereas the alveolar-arterial oxygen
      gradient increased only slightly. Despite hypoxemia, minute ventilation decreased
      by 4 to 18 percent, and arterial carbon dioxide tension was unchanged. Although
      total carbon dioxide elimination was unchanged in all groups, there was a
      significant decrease in lung total carbon dioxide elimination with acetate
      dialysate of 9.23 +/- 2.69 to 7.74 +/- 1.57 mmol per minute on Day 1 (mean +/-
      SD, p less than 0.025) concomitant with a loss of total carbon dioxide into the
      bath of 2.04 +/- 0.20 mmol per minute, resulting in a significant reduction in
      respiratory quotient (0.92 +/- 0.07 to 0.75 +/- 0.05, p less than 0.01). In
      contrast, there was a gain of total carbon dioxide into the blood of 1.64 +/-
      0.45 mmol per minute with bicarbonate dialysate, which resulted in an increased
      pH at one hour compared with acetate dialysate (7.39 +/- 0.04 versus 7.35 +/-
      0.03, p less than 0.05). Hypoxemia persisted after dialysis in all groups and was
      associated with an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in three of the
      four groups. It is concluded that transitory hypoventilation contributes to
      comparable hypoxemia with both acetate and bicarbonate dialysates by different
      mechanisms. With acetate dialysate, there is a decrease in carbon dioxide load to
      the lungs, whereas with bicarbonate dialysate, the mechanism responsible appears
      to be a suppression of respiratory drive resulting from a gain of bicarbonate
      from the dialysate. Additionally, neither dialysate prevents post-dialysis
      hypoxemia, which is associated with an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen
      gradient resulting from a mechanism that remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6431812
TI  - Hydralazine therapy in chronic congestive heart failure. Sustained central and
      regional hemodynamic responses.
AB  - Central and regional hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at baseline and
      following three months of placebo or hydralazine therapy (100 mg orally every
      eight hours) in 20 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Both control
      (placebo) and hydralazine groups were comparable with respect to functional
      classification (New York Heart Association classes III and IV) and baseline
      hemodynamic variables. In the hydralazine group, cardiac index increased 25
      percent (2.4 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.5 liters/minute/m2), renal blood flow increased
      26 percent (648 +/- 199 to 815 +/- 229 ml/minute), and limb blood flow was
      augmented by 35 percent (6.8 +/- 3.0 to 9.2 +/- 4.6 ml/dl/minute) with long-term
      therapy. These changes were significant (all p less than 0.05) when compared with
      both baseline values and values in the control group. Both central and regional
      hemodynamic parameters remained unaltered in the control group. Long-term
      hydralazine therapy (three months) elicited a favorable circulatory response in
      this group of patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Central or regional
      hemodynamic tolerance to oral hydralazine failed to develop in the majority of
      patients.

PMID- 6431813
TI  - Determinants of glucose and ketoacid concentrations in acutely hyperglycemic
      diabetic patients.
AB  - Diabetic hyperosmolar coma is a syndrome of marked hyperglycemia and minimal
      ketoacidosis. In general, the serum glucose concentrations are not predictive of
      the serum ketoacid concentrations in acutely decompensated diabetes. The
      endocrine factors that modulate glucose concentrations may be different from
      those that modulate ketoacid concentrations in patients with acutely
      decompensated diabetes. To test this hypothesis, regression analysis was used to
      determine the endocrine and metabolic characteristics that correlated with serum
      concentrations of glucose and ketoacids in 26 diabetic patients with spontaneous,
      acute hyperglycemia. All patients had a serum glucose level greater than 390
      mg/dl, and ketoacid levels were from 0.17 to 25.5 mM. Multiple regression
      analysis showed that increased serum glucose concentrations correlated with
      increased plasma glucagon levels (p = 0.0007, r2 = 0.45), but with no other
      factors. Increased total ketoacid levels (acetoacetate plus 3-hydroxybutyrate)
      correlated with increased free fatty acid levels (p = 0.0001), decreased C
      peptide levels (p = 0.002), and increased body mass index (p = 0.002) (r2 =
      0.72). Body mass index only correlated with ketoacid levels, when it was analyzed
      with C-peptide and free fatty acid levels. A model is proposed that predicts the
      serum glucose and ketoacid concentrations in patients with acutely decompensated
      diabetes. Glucagon modulates the serum glucose concentration in these patients
      with an absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Total serum ketoacid levels are
      determined by the serum free fatty acid concentration, residual pancreatic
      insulin secretion (as reflected by C-peptide), and the patient's body habitus.
      This model allows for the marked hyperglycemia and minimal ketosis of diabetic
      nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, as well as the glucose and ketoacid concentrations
      in other presentations of acutely decompensated diabetes.

PMID- 6431814
TI  - Pulmonary function in hemophiliac patients treated with commercial factor VIII
      concentrates.
AB  - Pulmonary function was tested before and after the administration of a commercial
      preparation of factor VIII concentrate in 20 patients with hemophilia A. The
      material was infused through the filter provided by the manufacturer, which is
      supposed to remove particles larger than 170 mu. Baseline information showed that
      patients who smoke had a lower pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
      than nonsmokers (22.9 +/- 4.2 ml/minute/mm Hg, p less than 0.01). The
      administration of factor VIII was not associated with clinical abnormalities.
      There was a small reduction in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (27 +/- 5.8 to
      26.2 +/- 5.9 ml/minute/mm Hg, p = 0.03), which was no longer significant after
      carbon monoxide diffusing capacity was corrected for lung volume (5.66 +/- 1.32
      to 5.54 +/- 1.34, p greater than 0.06). This study does not support the need for
      40 mu filtration of factor VIII concentrate.

PMID- 6431815
TI  - Prolonged bleeding time.
AB  - The bleeding time is the most frequently used test of platelet function. This
      review of the literature relating to the bleeding time outlines the causes and
      management of prolonged bleeding time. The bleeding time appears to have its
      greatest utility in evaluation of a patient with active bleeding or one with a
      well-documented bleeding history. It should not be used as a substitute for a
      clinical history, since there is insufficient information available to calculate
      its sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value with regard to peri- or
      postoperative hemorrhage.

PMID- 6431816
TI  - Primary hypothyroidism and hypopituitarism in a young woman.

PMID- 6431817
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita.
AB  - Two unrelated infants seen for evaluation of short stature at 14 and 27 months,
      respectively, had clinical and radiographic findings consistent with the
      diagnosis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SED congenita). No other
      anomalies were noted. Both sets of parents were normal, both family histories
      were unremarkable, and neither couple was consanguineous. Both families were
      counseled that SED congenita is an autosomal dominant disorder and that sporadic
      cases probably result from new mutations; a low recurrence risk was given. Both
      families subsequently produced a second affected child. Our experiences suggest
      that genocopies of autosomal dominant SED congenita exist that are clinically and
      radiographically indistinguishable, at least within the first 3 years. Autosomal
      recessive inheritance seems most likely, although alternative explanations are
      possible. Genetic heterogeneity should be considered when providing genetic
      counseling for sporadic SED congenita in young children.

PMID- 6431818
TI  - Analysis of gross anatomical variations in human triploidy.
AB  - Three cases of human triploidy were dissected in detail to determine whether or
      not there are any specific patterns of morphologic variation associated with this
      form of polyploidy. No specific constellations of anatomic variation were
      observed. However, each body did have a greater than normal number of variations
      among muscles that tend to be variable in the normal population. Two bodies
      showed a marked increase in the size of the thigh muscles, two bodies had
      eyeballs that were larger than normal, and two bodies had anomalous attachments
      of the extraocular muscles. The sample size is not large enough to draw any
      specific conclusions concerning the pathogenesis of these variations. However,
      the findings do suggest that careful examination of additional specimens will be
      of value in providing further information about the genotype/phenotype
      relationships in human triploidy.

PMID- 6431819
TI  - Mild manifestations of the Morquio syndrome.

PMID- 6431820
TI  - Comparative cervical microflora shifts after cefoxitin or cefazolin prophylaxis
      against infection following cesarean section.
AB  - The aerobic and anaerobic cervical microflora was determined before operation and
      on day 4 after operation in groups of women undergoing a clinical trial of
      prophylaxis with three doses of cefoxitin, cefazolin, or placebo for infectious
      complications of nonelective cesarean section. Floral shifts occurred post
      partum, with return of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis and a decrease
      in Candida colonization. No significant differences in flora existed
      preoperatively among patients receiving cefoxitin, cefazolin, or placebo, but by
      day 4, both antibiotic groups had greater enterococcal colonization. This
      difference was more marked with cefoxitin than with cefazolin. No difference in
      E. coli or B. fragilis colonization was noted by day 4 in placebo and antibiotic
      groups. Resistance developing in isolates in the antibiotic groups was mainly a
      result of enterococcal colonization. Results of this study indicate that a three
      dose cephalosporin prophylactic regimen resulted in a significant selection of
      resistant enterococcal colonization but there was no increase in nosocomial
      infection in the antibiotic groups compared to the placebo group. There did not
      appear to be significant differences in either species selection or antibiotic
      resistance of aerobic or anerobic microflora between the cefoxitin and cefazolin
      groups.

PMID- 6431822
TI  - Principal-components analysis of prehistoric South Asian crania.
AB  - Principal-components analysis is used as an investigative procedure for
      establishing temporal, spatial and evolutionary-developmental changes in Homo
      sapiens skeletal specimens from prehistoric sites in South Asia. It is concluded
      that cranial variables which cluster hunter-gatherers within the sample are
      related to facial architecture with respect to robusticity and size. Older models
      presumably reflecting genetic affinities and racial classifications of
      prehistoric South Asians which were based upon univariate-bivariate statistical
      analyses are not supported by the results of this principal-components analysis.

PMID- 6431821
TI  - Coronary myointimal hyperplasia in freshwater Lake Michigan salmon (genus
      Oncorhynchus). Evidence for lipoprotein-related atherosclerosis.
AB  - The relationship between plasma lipoprotein concentration and histologic
      myointimal proliferative lesions in the coronary vessels was examined in 37
      freshwater Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The fish were obtained
      during the migrating, schooling, and spawning periods of the fourth year of life.
      Plasma apoB polypeptides were maximally elevated in the migrating fish in
      correlation with a high degree of coronary vascular disease. Both the relative
      incidence and the severity of lesions were greater in migrating salmon as
      compared with spawning fish. In contrast, plasma apoA polypeptides were maximally
      elevated in association with reduced levels of plasma apoB in spawning fish in
      which coronary lesions were reduced in severity and incidence. Simultaneous
      observations confirmed the relative decrease in circulating thyroid hormone and
      increase in adrenal cortical hormones characteristic of the maturation process.
      These data in the mature freshwater Lake Michigan Chinook salmon provide direct
      support for the hypothesis that coronary proliferative atherogenesis proceeds in
      parallel with excessive exposure to apoB-containing lipoproteins and that
      reversal is associated with excessive exposure to apoA-containing lipoproteins.
      The temporal relationship to altered hormone status is described, but the
      pathophysiologic significance for atherogenesis cannot be determined from these
      data.

PMID- 6431823
TI  - Variations of rat skull bone robusticity evoked by malnutrition.
AB  - Weanling Holtzman rats of both sexes were fed a control (25% protein), a 10%
      protein, and a 2% protein semisynthetic diet. Protein deficit (PD) and protein
      calorie malnutrition (PCM) were estimated from comparisons between control and
      10% protein, and control and 2% protein-fed animals, respectively. Animals were
      killed when they were 56 days old and their skulls cleaned and disarticulated.
      Individual bones and incisors were ovendried to constant weight. Total weight
      (TW), maximal projected length (MPL), and robusticity index (RI) were determined
      on each bone and incisor. It was found that all the bones and incisors did not
      behave uniformly. They followed two main patterns: (1) Proportional variation. RI
      values were not affected by nutritional deficiencies. All basicranial bones and 4
      of 10 facial bones followed this pattern. (2) Non-proportional variation. RI
      values were affected by nutritional deficiencies. This pattern was subdivided
      into two trends: (2a) PD-diminished RI values. Both upper and lower incisors and
      1 of 10 facial bones followed this trend. (2b) PCM, but not PD, decreased RI
      values. All vault bones and the remaining five facial bones followed this trend.
      It was concluded that there was a differential robusticity response among cranial
      base, calvaria, and incisors. This response may be connected with the differences
      in both histogenetic characteristics of those components and the functional roles
      they have to perform. The nonvault intramembranous bones showed a nonspecific
      behavior. This fact precluded the classification of the facial region in some of
      the previously defined patterns.

PMID- 6431824
TI  - Interpretation of scanning electron microscopic images of abraded forming bone
      surfaces.
AB  - The experimental abrasion of forming bone surfaces was conducted so that such
      surfaces could be characterized. This is particularly important to bone
      remodeling studies utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of
      archeological material. Forming surfaces derived from subadult macaque cranial
      bone were treated by particle abrasion, water abrasion, sliding abrasion,
      brushing, manual rubbing, weight, exfoliation, chipping and replication. Acetic
      acid treatments were also performed. The effects of abrasive agents are specific
      but generally fall into rough (particle and water abrasion) and smooth (sliding
      abrasion, brushing, rubbing and weight) categories. Protohistoric human and Plio
      Pleistocene hominid subadult craniofacial remains were observed with the SEM for
      comparison with experimental data. The more recent material appeared smooth,
      probably as a result of specimen preparation procedures using brushes. Surfaces
      were still interpretable as forming, however, using a more abrasion-resistant
      feature called intervascular ridging (IVR) described in this study. The IVR
      pattern is also recognized on the hominid sample, confirming the possibility of
      performing remodeling studies on abraded fossil material. The abrasion
      characteristics are somewhat more difficult to classify, however. Abrasion is
      defined and discussed relative to remodeling studies and taphonomy. The
      usefulness of the experimental data reported here, however, in paleoenvironmental
      reconstruction, has yet to be fully realized. Acid and mechanical preparation
      techniques are briefly addressed. It is concluded that it is possible to
      characterize a forming surface as abraded according to the findings of this study
      and that acid, if handled with care, will more likely preserve microanatomical
      surface detail. It would also be in everyone's interest to employ a less abrasive
      cleaning regime on archeological specimens.

PMID- 6431825
TI  - Metabolism of round spermatids: evidence that lactate is preferred substrate.
AB  - Glucose was utilized at a rate of 17.9 +/- 1.0 nmol X 10(6) cells-1 X h-1, with
      5.2 and 9.5% accumulated as glucose and fructose 1,6-diphosphate, respectively,
      79.6% transformed into lactate, 2% oxidized by the trichloroacetic acid cycle,
      and little metabolized by the pentose cycle. Glucose utilization increased and
      reached a maximum at 1 mM glucose. The ATP level was maintained by approximately
      0.8 mM lactate, but not by glucose or pyruvate. Glucose decreased the ATP level
      to a value lower than the control level due partly to the fructose 6-phosphate
      fructose 1,6-diphosphate futile cycle. In the presence of lactate (0.01-20 mM),
      pyruvate production was increased, but the intracellular level of pyruvate (0.2
      0.3 mM) remained unchanged. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was increased,
      at a maximum rate, by 0.1-0.2 mM pyruvate but was inhibited beyond 0.3 mM (Ki =
      2.5 mM). The Km values of LDH for pyruvate and lactate were 24.4 +/- 4.2 microM
      and 2.36 +/- 0.14 mM, respectively. The importance of LDH in glucose and lactate
      metabolism by spermatids was described. These observations further support the
      hypothesis that lactate is the preferred substrate for spermatid metabolism.

PMID- 6431826
TI  - Uterus of the rat contains prolactin inhibitory activity.
AB  - Activity found in crude acid extracts of uterine tissue obtained from
      pseudopregnant, proestrous, or ovariectomized rats causes a dose-dependent
      inhibition of prolactin (PRL) release with a concurrent intracellular
      accumulation of PRL by anterior pituitary cells in culture. The absence of any
      significant effects imposed by the uterine extracts on basal luteinizing hormone
      or follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in these same cultures suggests that
      the activity is a noncytotoxic inhibitor of PRL secretion. Furthermore, failure
      of uterine extracts to degrade standard rat PRL after a 24-h coincubation at 37
      degrees C suggests that the inhibitory activity is also nonproteolytic. That the
      activity is tissue specific is supported by the fact that extracts of gut,
      cardiac muscle, and diaphragm failed to block PRL release, whereas similarly
      prepared uterine extracts retained the ability to significantly depress PRL
      secretion. Haloperidol or bicuculline, dopaminergic and GABAergic receptor
      blockers, respectively, were ineffective in reversing the inhibitory effects of
      uterine extract on PRL secretion, suggesting that the inhibition is not due to
      dopamine or GABA. In addition to affecting basal release of PRL, in vitro larger
      doses of uterine extract were able to reverse the stimulatory effects of
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone on PRL secretion, indicating that the uterine
      derived PRL inhibitory activity may also regulate stimulated PRL release. Taken
      together, these findings support the existence of a nondopaminergic, non
      GABAergic inhibitory factor of uterine origin that specifically suppresses basal
      and stimulated secretion of PRL from cultured anterior pituitary cells.

PMID- 6431827
TI  - Gastric mucosal protection with chronic mild restraint: role of endogenous
      prostaglandins.
AB  - The role of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) in adaptation of the rat gastric
      mucosa to chronic stress was examined. After 10 days of chronic mild restraint
      (CMR), gastric mucosal damage induced by orally administered 40% ethanol was
      significantly (P less than 0.01) less extensive than that to control mucosae.
      When the mucosal injury was produced by oral administration of acetylsalicylic
      acid (250 mg/kg), there was no protection afforded by prior exposure to CMR.
      Pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg ip) abolished the protective effects of
      CMR against ethanol injury. The indomethacin blockade of CMR protection was
      reversed by the subsequent administration of PGE2 (75 micrograms/kg po). Fundic
      samples from 10-day CMR rats synthesized three times as much PGE2 (P less than
      0.01) and twice as much 6-keto-PGF1alpha (P less than 0.05) as control samples.
      Thromboxane B2 synthesis by control and CMR samples was not significantly
      different. The capacity of gastric fundus and antrum to synthesize PGE2 in vitro
      was higher in samples from CMR rats than from controls. These results suggest
      that the resistance to gastric injury that develops during chronic stress is
      mediated by endogenous prostaglandins.

PMID- 6431828
TI  - Skeletal carbon dioxide stores during metabolic acidosis.
AB  - These experiments were performed to examine the buffering functions of skeletal
      carbon dioxide during metabolic acidosis. Acidosis of several days duration was
      produced in rats either by inclusion of acidogenic substances in the diet or by
      chemical induction of diabetic ketoacidosis. Titrimetric methods were used to
      measure the carbon dioxide content of bone, which was divided into readily
      exchangeable and slowly exchangeable pools according to a model described in the
      text. Acid feeding resulted in a mild acidemia (blood pH greater than 7.25),
      whereas profound metabolic acidemia occurred during diabetic ketoacidosis (blood
      pH less than 7.00). Total bone carbon dioxide was reduced during both forms of
      metabolic acidosis. This reduction in skeletal carbon dioxide occurred within the
      first 24 h after the onset of metabolic acidosis, was associated with a decline
      in the readily exchangeable fraction of skeletal carbon dioxide, and was directly
      proportional to the declines in extracellular bicarbonate concentration and
      plasma carbon dioxide tension.

PMID- 6431829
TI  - Protection of mitochondrial function by mannitol in ischemic acute renal failure.
AB  - The effect of isotonic mannitol to provide protection against ischemic renal
      injury was examined in the dog. Mannitol treatment attenuated the fall in
      glomerular filtration rate at both 1 and 24 h after the ischemic insult. The
      functional changes were associated with profound cellular protection, since
      normal mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial calcium uptake and release rates
      were preserved, and excessive mitochondrial calcium accumulation was prevented.
      These effects at the cellular level appear critical to the protective effect of
      mannitol after ischemia and are most likely due to prevention of cell swelling.

PMID- 6431830
TI  - Effects of nimodipine on cerebral vasoconstrictor responses.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine effects of nimodipine (Bay e 9736), a
      calcium blocker, on constrictor responses of cerebral vessels in vivo. Pial
      artery diameter was measured in anesthetized cats. In the control state,
      sympathetic nerve stimulation, acute hypertension, and hypocapnia produced
      maximal decreases in pial artery diameter of 13.7 +/- 1.4, 12.1 +/- 2.7, and 13.3
      +/- 2.7% (SE), respectively. Low doses of nimodipine (0.1-0.25 microgram X kg-1 X
      min-1) decreased the vasoconstrictor response to all three stimuli, and higher
      doses (0.5-1.0) virtually abolished the response (P less than 0.05 vs. control).
      In other experiments in cats and monkeys, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured
      with microspheres during acute increases in arterial pressure. Elevation of
      arterial pressure by approximately 40 mmHg in cats produced only a modest
      increase in CBF from 48 +/- 3 to 57 +/- 3 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 in the control
      state and a larger increase in CBF from 53 +/- 6 to 87 +/- 9 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1
      during nimodipine (P less than 0.05, control vs. nimodipine). Nimodipine also
      inhibited autoregulatory vasoconstriction in monkeys. Nimodipine, in the doses
      used, had only modest effects on resting vessel diameter, CBF, or arterial
      pressure. We conclude that nimodipine inhibits cerebral vasoconstrictor responses
      to several physiological stimuli in vivo.

PMID- 6431831
TI  - Specific depletion of body fat in parabiotic partners of tube-fed obese rats.
AB  - One member in each of 15 parabiosed pairs of rats was fed twice its normal food
      intake as four tube-fed meals per day. Seven other pairs ate ad libitum. Partners
      of overfed rats ate approximately 90% of the intake of individual members of ad
      libitum pairs. After 46 days of overfeeding, blood samples were taken and the
      rats were killed for carcass analysis. Tube-fed parabiotic rats had gained a
      considerable amount of fat and some protein. Their partners had a normal lean
      body mass but very little fat. Serum corticosterone, reverse triiodothyronine,
      free fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were the same in all parabionts. Serum
      triiodothyronine and insulin were increased and growth hormone was decreased in
      obese rats. Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were increased and glucose was
      decreased in their parabiotic partners. The results are discussed as evidence for
      a humoral factor that crossed the parabiotic union and acted as a "lipid
      depleting" agent in the partners of overfed rats.

PMID- 6431832
TI  - Effects of repeated isocaloric macronutrient loads on daily food intake of rats.
AB  - The effects of repeated administration of different macronutrient loads on
      spontaneous food intake and body weight of male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied.
      For 6 wk, eight groups of five rats each received two daily intragastric loads,
      3.5 h apart, consisting of isocaloric amounts of one of the following: albumin,
      sucrose, cornstarch, corn oil, a mixture of the preceding four loads, butter,
      medium-chain triglyceride, or a noncaloric load of water. Spontaneous intakes of
      rat chow were measured 3.5 and 24 h after the first daily load. All the
      macronutrient loads depressed subsequent 3.5-h intakes more than the water load
      (P less than 0.01), and protein loads depressed 3.5-h intakes the most (P less
      than 0.01). The macronutrient loads also depressed 24-h intakes more than water
      loads (P less than 0.01) but did not differ among themselves. The mixture load
      depressed 3.5- and 24-h food intakes by an amount comparable with the average
      effects of its component loads. Neither body weight nor body fat as measured by
      the Lee index differed among the groups after 6 wk. The results indicate that
      fairly accurate long-term regulation of spontaneous energy intake occurs
      regardless of the type of macronutrient in the load.

PMID- 6431833
TI  - Accurate measurement of RBC glycine.

PMID- 6431834
TI  - Prediction of relapse with the TRH test and prophylactic amitriptyline in 39
      patients with endogenous depression.
AB  - The authors conducted a double-blind prospective study of 39 patients with
      unipolar endogenous depression who recovered after ECT. Thyrotropin (TSH)
      releasing hormone (TRH) tests were performed before and after ECT. Patients were
      divided into three groups on the basis of their altered TSH response: Persistent
      remission was predicted for patients in group 1 (N = 15) and relapse was
      predicted for groups 2A (N = 13) and 2B (N = 11). Patients in groups 1 and 2A
      received placebo and those in group 2B received amitriptyline for 6 months. Fewer
      relapses occurred in groups 1 and 2B than in group 2A (p less than .05), showing
      that relapse can be predicted by the TRH test and prevented by amitriptyline.

PMID- 6431835
TI  - The effectiveness of low doses of lithium.

PMID- 6431836
TI  - Water supply and health in developing countries: selective primary health care
      revisited.
AB  - The inclusion of water supply and sanitation programs as a component of primary
      health care (PHC) has been questioned on the basis of calculations of the costs
      of these programs per infant death averted. In this paper the procedures used in
      these cost-effectiveness calculations are examined and found to be wanting. The
      calculations are misleading since gross rather than net costs have been used, and
      the health impact of these programs underestimated. It is also shown that the
      methodology used is biased against water supply and sanitation and other programs
      with multiple outputs. The time constraints facing mothers in implementing PHC
      programs, as well as the contribution of improved water supplies in alleviating
      these constraints are outlined. Data are presented to show that, if poor women in
      developing countries were to choose the mix of activities to be included in PHC
      programs, improved water supplies would frequently constitute part of that mix.

PMID- 6431837
TI  - Economics and ethics: issues of the eighties.

PMID- 6431838
TI  - [Histochemical characteristics of the endometrium in patients with uterine forms
      of amenorrhea and hypo-oligomenorrhea].

PMID- 6431839
TI  - [Several neuroendocrine aspects of sexual development of girls who had suffered
      asphyxia neonatorum or intracranial birth injury].

PMID- 6431840
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in
      childhood.
AB  - IgG-SRK (identical with Sandoglobulin) is a polyvalent IgG concentrate obtained
      by modified alcohol cryoprecipitation, including mild acidification at pH 4. This
      product was given in high doses intravenously for the treatment of six children
      with acute ITP, four children with intermittent ITP, and three children with
      severe chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). An impressive initial
      response was observed in all patients, the extent of which may be of prognostic
      significance in acute ITP. Maintenance therapy was required in two of six
      patients with acute ITP, in three out of four patients with intermittent ITP, and
      in all of the patients with severe chronic ITP. In the cases of severe chronic
      ITP, the disease could not be adequately controlled over long periods of time,
      but bleeding episodes subsided or became considerably less frequent. Although
      little is known of the effects of IgG-SRK, possible mechanisms were discussed. It
      is emphasized that a new model has been discovered to study the interrelations
      between structure and function of human immunoglobulin molecules.

PMID- 6431841
TI  - Role of total skin electron-beam therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skin in
      children: report of six cases.

PMID- 6431842
TI  - "Economic survival for the 80's--are we an endangered species?" DRGs effect on
      hospitals and physicians.

PMID- 6431843
TI  - Relevance of animal models for studies of immune regulation of atopic allergy.

PMID- 6431844
TI  - Acid-base control during hypothermia. Acid-base control in children during
      hypothermia without temperature correction of pH and PCO2.
AB  - In 28 children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia for open
      heart surgery, an attempt was made to maintain pH at 7.4 not corrected for
      temperature by varying the CO2 concentration supplied to the oxygenator so that
      the PaCO2 was 5.33 kPa, not corrected for temperature. One to two percent CO2
      gave satisfactory results. Five percent CO2 had previously been given. No adverse
      clinical side effects were noted, and the acid-base status remained stable for 24
      hours in 16 patients. There are strong theoretical reasons for maintaining a pH
      of 7.4, uncorrected for temperature, during hypothermia and a clinical impression
      was gained of better myocardial function and improved systemic and cerebral
      perfusion.

PMID- 6431845
TI  - Closed loop control of vasoactive drug infusion. A preliminary report.
AB  - A closed loop control system for vasoactive drug infusion is described using a
      dedicated bedside microcomputer and a single volumetric infusion pump. The signal
      from an indwelling arterial cannula is taken from the bedside monitor through an
      analogue/digital converter to a microcomputer. After signal validation changes of
      infusion rate are calculated and communicated to a volumetric infusion pump
      through an RS 232 interface. The system has been successfully employed in four
      patients during cardiac surgery prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and in six
      cardiac surgical patients in the postoperative period. In both groups mean
      arterial pressure was controlled within 5 mmHg of target value for 75% of
      infusion time, and within 10 mmHg for 90% of the duration of infusion.

PMID- 6431846
TI  - [Remarks on the article by K. A. Lehmann et al.:CO2 response curves as a measure
      of opiate-induced respiratory depression. Studies with fentanyl].

PMID- 6431847
TI  - The microscopic structure of fibrous articular surfaces: a review.
AB  - The present knowledge of the microscopic structure of fibrous articulating
      surface is reviewed. The influence of dissection, postmortem change, fixation,
      and dehydration on the microscopic appearances of these surfaces is considered.
      The results of those studies of surface morphology that investigate intact,
      supported specimens and that are controlled by surveys of fresh, unfixed, or
      frozen material are advantageous. New information on the effects of alterations
      in intermaxillary relationship on the morphology of fibrous articulating surfaces
      is presented. There is need for further work in this field of research.

PMID- 6431848
TI  - Semen quality and hormonal status of patients following testicular torsion.
AB  - 16 patients, 4 months to five years following unilateral torsion of the testis
      were evaluated as to semen quality and hormonal status. In patients operated
      within 12 hours of the onset of pain 44% had normal semen quality while in those
      operated following more than 12 hours only 20% had normal semen analysis. FSH, LH
      and testosterone levels were normal in 14 of the 16 patients. One patient had a
      low testosterone level and slightly elevated FSH, another patient had slightly
      elevated levels of both FSH and LH.

PMID- 6431849
TI  - Basal and LHRH-stimulated gonadotropin levels and the circadian rhythm of
      testosterone and the effect of exogenous testosterone thereon.
AB  - In seven eugonadal men, aged 20-26 years, a fall in plasma and saliva
      testosterone (T) levels between 8.00 and 16.00 h of the day was observed, but
      plasma oestradiol-17 beta levels did not show a significant variation. These
      findings substantiate the existence of a circadian rhythm in T levels. Concurrent
      with the decrease of T levels over the day, a small but significant rise in basal
      LH, but not in LHRH-stimulated LH levels were observed. Then the fall of plasma
      and saliva T levels over the day was prevented by the administration of 80 mg
      testosterone undecanoate (Andriol, Organon) by mouth at 8.00 h. A rise in plasma
      T and even more in saliva T levels was measured, which persisted till at least
      16.00 h. At this hour basal LH, but not LHRH-stimulated LH levels appeared to be
      slightly, though significantly depressed. From our data we conclude that
      fluctuations of T levels of the magnitude of 25% around the baseline values,
      affect slightly basal LH levels, but not LHRH-stimulated LH levels.

PMID- 6431850
TI  - The influence of lactic acid on the serum protein binding of bupivacaine: species
      differences.
AB  - Various animal models have been used for studies of bupivacaine cardiovascular
      toxicity. These studies are difficult to relate to the clinical situation, since
      the disposition of bupivacaine in the various species is unknown. The serum
      protein binding of bupivacaine, therefore, was determined in human, sheep,
      monkey, dog, and rat at physiologic pH using ultrafiltration. Since a mixed
      acidosis results during a systemic toxicity reaction to bupivacaine, the
      influences of an acidic pH, resulting from the addition of lactic acid, also was
      examined. All sera exhibited two classes of binding sites, a high-affinity, low
      capacity class (class 1) and a low-affinity, high-capacity class (class 2). When
      compared to human serum at physiologic pH, a significantly higher (P less than
      0.05) affinity constant for the class 1 sites was observed for all species
      studied, with the exception of the rat. All species studied exhibited a
      significantly lower (P less than 0.05) capacity for the class 1 sites. The
      binding parameters of the class 2 sites displayed no significant difference. An
      acid pH resulted in a decrease in bupivacaine protein binding over the entire
      concentration range studied for all species, with the exception of the monkey.
      Monkey serum exhibited no change in bupivacaine binding with a decrease in pH.
      Since protein binding explains only a portion of the total disposition of
      bupivacaine, further delineation of each animal model under both acidotic and
      physiologic conditions needs to be accomplished before the animal studies
      currently under investigation can be extrapolated to the clinical situation.

PMID- 6431851
TI  - Prevention of intraoperative myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery with
      intravenous nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6431852
TI  - Asthma, or variable obstructive intrabronchial disease (VOID): an in depth
      review.

PMID- 6431853
TI  - Bronchodilating effect of cromolyn sodium in asthmatic patients at rest and
      following exercise.
AB  - A total of 27 patients with extrinsic asthma participated in a double-blind trial
      comparing the effect of nebulized cromolyn sodium and placebo on pulmonary
      function both at rest and after exercise. At rest, cromolyn sodium improved lung
      function. Compared to baseline, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) increased by
      20.5 + 11.8% and 8.8 +/- 16.0% after cromolyn sodium and placebo, respectively.
      The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Following drug
      administration immediately after completing six minutes of free running exercise,
      PEFR increased by 2.3 +/- 8.2% with cromolyn sodium, whereas a fall of 19.8 +/-
      12.5% was observed with placebo. This difference is significant at the p less
      than 0.01 level. The results show that cromolyn sodium is capable of producing
      immediate bronchodilatation in asthmatic subjects, both at rest and following
      induction of bronchoconstriction by exercise. These findings suggest that
      cromolyn sodium may have mechanisms of action other than stabilizing mast cell
      degranulation.

PMID- 6431854
TI  - The pharyngeo-tracheal lumen airway: preliminary investigation of a new adjunct.
AB  - The technique of prehospital airway management is determined largely by the level
      of training and expertise of the prehospital care provider. We report preliminary
      observations and data in experimental animals and patients using a new airway
      adjunct--the pharyngeo-tracheal lumen (PTL) airway. The PTL airway employs a two
      tube, two-cuff system that is inserted in a "blind" fashion. The airway's design
      allows it to function as an endotracheal tube if the trachea is entered or as an
      esophageal obturator airway (EOA) if the esophagus is intubated. In the
      esophageal position, a face-to-mask seal is not required. Preliminary data in 23
      experimental animals suggest that the PTL (in the esophageal position) is as
      effective as a conventional cuffed endotracheal tube. Volumetric efficiency at
      optimal cuff inflation pressures was 100%, and arterial blood gas values obtained
      during PTL ventilation were not significantly different from those measured
      during ventilation with an endotracheal tube at comparable minute ventilations.
      In six arrest patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, arterial PO2 and
      PCO2 using the PTL airway (176 +/- 105 mm Hg and 36 +/- 12 mm Hg, respectively)
      were not significantly different from those measured during artificial
      ventilation with an endotracheal tube (PO2, 162 +/- 124 mm Hg; PCO2, 34 +/- 10 mm
      Hg). Although the numbers are small, the data suggest that the PTL airway may be
      an alternative method of emergency airway management when endotracheal intubation
      cannot be performed.

PMID- 6431855
TI  - Resuscitation and arterial blood gas abnormalities during prolonged
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the pattern of arterial blood gas (ABG)
      concentration in the canine model undergoing prolonged cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation (CPR) from fibrillatory arrest, and to determine the importance of
      acid base abnormalities in predicting resuscitation. Ventricular fibrillation was
      induced electrically in 12 dogs. CPR was begun at 3 minutes and continued for 27
      minutes, at which time the dogs were defibrillated. ABG samples were taken at 0,
      8, 18, and 28 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. Seven of the 12 dogs were
      resuscitated successfully. There was no difference in pH, PCO2, or PO2 between
      the survivors and nonsurvivors at any of the points measured. A pattern of pH and
      PCO2 abnormalities was noted in each dog over 30 minutes. Each developed a
      respiratory alkalosis that peaked at 8 minutes. During the next 22 minutes the pH
      gradually declined. This combination of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic
      acidosis resulted in normalization of the pH at about 18 minutes of fibrillation.
      We concluded that when adequate ventilation is provided in the canine model
      undergoing CPR, significant arterial acidemia does not occur for at least 18
      minutes. Further, acid base abnormalities did not correlate with successful
      resuscitation.

PMID- 6431856
TI  - Reliability of femoral artery sampling during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine whether femoral arterial blood gas (ABG)
      content adequately reflects central oxygenation and acid base status during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from fibrillatory arrest in the canine model.
      Six dogs were fibrillated electrically. After 3 minutes, CPR was begun. ABG
      samples were taken simultaneously from femoral and thoracic aortic catheters at
      0, 3, 8, 13, 23, and 28 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. Pair analysis
      revealed a statistically significant difference between aortic and femoral PO2
      values throughout the duration of external chest compression and assisted
      ventilation (P less than .05). The aortic PO2 was 12% more than the femoral PO2.
      There was no difference in pH and PCO2 between the femoral and aortic blood gas
      samples. The lower femoral PO2 observed may be the result of poorer blood flow to
      the lower half of the body. It was concluded that femoral PO2 underestimates
      aortic PO2 during external chest compression and assisted ventilation in the
      canine model.

PMID- 6431857
TI  - Determinants of the ventilatory responses to hypoxia during sleep.
AB  - Disagreement exists on the effect of sleep on hypoxic ventilatory responses. We
      hypothesized that these differences were due to variabilities in methodology of
      inducing hypoxia, specifically, as they pertained to the PCO2 level during the
      studies. We therefore measured ventilatory responses to hypoxia with (eucapnic)
      and without (hypocapnic) added CO2 during wakefulness and sleep in 7 goats.
      Eucapnic responses to hypoxia were significantly decreased during both slow wave
      (SWS) and REM sleep. This decrease was not apparent when hypocapnia was allowed
      to occur. In 4 goats also provided with electromagnetic flow probes for brain
      blood flow (BBF) measurements, hypocapnia significantly attenuated the increase
      in BBF induced by hypoxia during both the awake and SWS stages. Concomitantly
      measured cerebral venous blood also showed lower oxygen tension during
      hypocapnia. We postulate that under hypocapnic conditions, the depressant effects
      of brain hypoxia may contribute to the obscuring of differences in hypoxic
      responses during wakefulness and sleep.

PMID- 6431858
TI  - Susceptibility of Mycobacterium intracellulare to hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - The susceptibility to H2O2 of 5 strains of Mycobacterium intracellulare and both
      catalase-positive (TMC 102) and negative (TMC 303) strains of M. tuberculosis,
      H37RV, was tested at pH 7.0 and 4.0. All strains of M. intracellulare were
      significantly more resistant to this oxygen metabolite than were the two M.
      tuberculosis strains, even though the catalase activity of M. tuberculosis TMC
      102 was higher than most M. intracellulare strains. Even the catalase negative
      (Eggeman) strain of M. intracellulare showed greater resistance to 0.2% H2O2 than
      M. tuberculosis H37RV (TMC 102). This suggests that M. intracellulare is
      protected from H2O2 damage by factors additional to their catalase activity.

PMID- 6431859
TI  - Management of leakage from gastrostomy sites.
AB  - Enlargement of a gastrostomal orifice with leakage of gastric content is a
      bothersome complication of a tube gastrostomy resulting in skin excoriation,
      fluid loss, and loss of access for enteral nutrition. Thirteen patients with this
      complication of a Stamm gastrostomy have been treated successfully by replacing a
      large gastrostomy tube with small silastic tubes for gastric aspiration and
      decompression and in some cases a small silastic enteral feeding catheter guided
      endoscopically into the duodenum through the gastric stoma. Karaya pad placement
      about the stoma to seal the gastric fluids from skin contact was helpful in seven
      patients. Stomal closure occurred in all 13 patients until a tight cutaneous
      closure about a 20-24 F catheter was achieved.

PMID- 6431860
TI  - Cholecystectomy without drainage.
AB  - A review of 10 years' experience with cholecystectomy by one surgeon has been
      reported. The figures indicate that cholecystectomy without drainage is safe and
      substantially cost effective. The author urges all who are enamoured with the
      Penrose drain to reevaluate their technique.

PMID- 6431861
TI  - The elderly patient and colon surgery for cancer or diverticular disease.
AB  - The mortality and morbidity for 246 patients over the age of 50 who underwent
      colon resection for cancer or diverticular disease during a 5-year period were
      reviewed. The increased risk for patients over 70 years of age was based on the
      presence of two or more preoperative diseases, the occurrence of emergency
      surgery and the occurrence of postoperative complications, especially surgical
      infection.

PMID- 6431862
TI  - Bacteremia caused by Campylobacter-like organisms in two male homosexuals.
AB  - Bacteremia caused by newly described Campylobacter-like organisms occurred in two
      immunosuppressed homosexual patients with tuberculosis. Although these organisms
      grow well in aerobic bottles using a radiometric blood culture system, they are
      not readily seen in gram-stained smears and are easily missed if routine
      subculture methods are used. Microscopic examination of wet preparations and
      subculture to brucella agar base supplemented with 10% sheep blood and incubated
      in microaerophilic conditions are useful for identification and isolation. The
      recovery of Campylobacter-like organisms from the blood suggests that these
      organisms, formerly known only to be associated with proctocolitis or
      asymptomatic rectal infection in homosexual men, can also cause systemic
      infection in these patients.

PMID- 6431863
TI  - Treatable meningeal involvement in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6431864
TI  - Comparison of cell wall teichoic acid fractions isolated from three different
      encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - Teichoic acid preparations extracted from the cell wall of three serologically
      different encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, ATCC-31432
      (capsular type I), SE-360 (capsular type II) and SE-10 (capsular type III) were
      purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. The
      preparations showed immunological heterogeneity by an agar diffusion test. The
      chemical properties of the cell wall teichoic acid preparations of capsular types
      I and III were regarded as N-acetyl-glucosaminyl glycerol-phosphate polymers
      containing N-acetylglucosamine and phosphate at molar ratios of 0.22-1.0 and 0.33
      1.0, respectively. The preparation of capsular type II was assumed to be an alpha
      glucosyl glycerol-phosphate polymer containing glucose and phosphate at a molar
      ratio of 0.49-1.0, and it reacted strongly with concanavalin A. Moreover,
      alanine, glycine, serine and lysine were shown, among these preparations, to be a
      common amino acid composition. These results indicate that cell wall teichoic
      acids obtained from these strains were biochemically and immunologically
      different from each other.

PMID- 6431865
TI  - [Relearning and critical postoperative period in the restoration of nerve
      function. Example of vestibular compensation and clinical implications].
AB  - The role of sensorimotor activity in the recovery process after unilateral
      vestibular neurectomy was studied on cats and monkeys using behavioral and
      electrophysiological methods. It was analyzed by comparing the time-course of the
      recovery of posture, locomotion and equilibrium function in animals which
      remained free after surgery in their usual environment (unrestrained group) to
      others which were submitted to a postoperative sensorimotor restriction
      (restrained group). This sensorimotor restriction was applied at different
      postoperative times; the effects of short and long-lasting restrictions were also
      studied. Results showed that the functional recovery develops in active animals
      only, i.e. when they can use all available information elicited by an active
      sensorimotor exploration. It is blocked and delayed in the restrained group, the
      postoperative disorders being reduced much later when a long-lasting restriction
      is used. It is also demonstrated that the functional recovery is better and
      faster in animals having an early sensorimotor activity. It is concluded that
      vestibular compensation resembles a sensorimotor relearning process requiring the
      activity of the subject, and that a postoperative critical period may exist in
      functional recovery which may be crucial for achieving well-or maladapted
      behavior. The clinical implications of these findings are presented in the
      discussion as some general principles able to stimulate reflexions and improve
      the postoperative training methods.

PMID- 6431866
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser in subglottic hemangioma. An update.
AB  - Congenital subglottic hemangioma is a potentially life-threatening lesion which
      frequently presents before the age of 6 months. Many forms of therapy have been
      advocated for the treatment of this difficult lesion. The use of the carbon
      dioxide laser has been advocated in the past and this report represents an update
      in treating 31 patients from 1975 to 1983. The success rate was 94% and the
      complication rate was 6.5%. This form of therapy is an effective and valuable
      addition to those already available for this troublesome lesion.

PMID- 6431867
TI  - Histopathology of the ear and its clinical implications. A symposium in honor of
      Harold F. Schuknecht.

PMID- 6431868
TI  - Congenital anomalies of the inner ear.
AB  - This study investigated congenital anomalies occurring in the inner ear, with
      particular attention to their features, localizations, and frequencies. Seventy
      seven human temporal bones obtained from 53 individuals, aged one day to 39
      years, each of whom had anomalies of the external ear, middle ear, and/or inner
      ear, were used for this study. The temporal bones had been removed at autopsy,
      fixed, dehydrated, embedded in celloidin, and sectioned horizontally or
      vertically at 20 microns. Every tenth horizontal section or every 20th vertical
      section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, mounted, and studied under a
      light microscope. There were 206 inner ear anomalies (117 in the vestibular
      system, 79 in the cochlea, 10 in the internal auditory meatus) in the 51 bones
      studied. Fifty-four different features of anomalies were present at 33 different
      locations in the inner ear. The most frequent anomalies observed were shortened
      cochlea (23 bones), enlarged vestibule (17 bones), wide cochlear aqueduct (16
      bones), absence of lateral semicircular canal (14 bones), and large osseous
      lateral semicircular canal (10 bones). The most common site of inner ear
      anomalies was thus the lateral semicircular canal, which was involved in 46 of
      the 206 anomalies observed; the anomalies in this organ were variable in type.
      The implications of inner ear anomalies are discussed as they relate to fetal
      development, inner ear dysfunction, and clinical interpretation of
      polytomographic studies.

PMID- 6431869
TI  - Inner ear and renal diseases.
AB  - Certain conditions (Alport's syndrome, kidney transplantation, dialysis) are
      followed by a progressive inner ear hearing loss. On the other hand,
      pharmacological substances that act on the transport mechanisms of the tubular
      epithelium may also produce inner ear disturbance. Experimental data on the
      possible pathomechanisms are discussed in reference to results reported in the
      literature.

PMID- 6431870
TI  - Relevance of otopathological findings in the treatment of dizzy patients.
AB  - Dizziness is a common symptom in disorders of the brain and the ear. In a
      retrospective study of 1,000 cases, dizziness is attributed to a peripheral
      disorder in 25%, to a CNS disorder in 46%, and to undetermined causes in 29% of
      the cases. Peripheral disorders can be defined in terms of histopathological
      changes; the most frequent is cupulolithiasis, followed by endolymphatic hydrops
      and vestibular neuritis. These vestibular disorders are reviewed and discussed in
      connection with accepted facts and current hypotheses.

PMID- 6431871
TI  - Histology, pathogenesis, and treatment of cholesteatoma.
AB  - Factors present in cholesteatoma connective tissue induce bone resorption in
      chronic otitis media. The presence of skin and its products appears to exacerbate
      the destructive influence of connective tissue. One exacerbating factor is
      pressure, shown in an animal model to increase bone resorption by influencing the
      subepithelial connective tissue. Consideration of pathogenic factors provides a
      rationale for modifications in the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma.

PMID- 6431872
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma.
AB  - Based on biochemical and morphological studies, the significance of cholesterol
      in cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma is discussed. In cholesteatoma,
      cholesterol is synthesized through desmosterol and delta 7-cholestenol
      (lathosterol), possibly in the matrix. Cholesterol crystal might have educed from
      keratin layers or a cell-disintegrated layer adjacent to the matrix by a
      physicochemical rather than by a biochemical process. Production of cholesterol
      in the matrix may differ depending on the cell cycle. In cholesterol granuloma,
      cholesterol may be derived from blood with some other compositions such as
      albumin and cholestanol, although other sources cannot be denied. Crystallized
      cholesterol is treated by the surrounding tissue as a foreign body; this results
      in formation of granuloma. The delta 7-cholestenol is not involved in the
      biosynthesis of cholesterol in cholesterol granuloma.

PMID- 6431873
TI  - Complications of acute middle ear infections.
AB  - Although acute mastoiditis and intracranial otogenic complications occur less
      frequently in our time than in the preantibiotic period, the disease is
      nevertheless still a rather severe medical problem. Its mortality rate remains
      relatively high and the severity of its symptoms is often underrated or
      misinterpreted by the inexperienced physician. On the basis of some personal
      clinical observations made during the last decade, attention has been drawn to
      the most common intracranial and extracranial otogenic complications in adults
      and children. It may therefore be concluded that otitis media must still be
      considered a dangerous disease, necessitating fundamental knowledge of its
      underlying pathology, which provides a basis of early correct diagnosis and
      adequate intensive therapy.

PMID- 6431874
TI  - Labyrinthine fistula in chronic mastoiditis.
AB  - A series of 79 otic capsule fistulae occurring in 792 consecutive cases of
      chronic mastoiditis undergoing mastoidectomy was analyzed. The incidence (10%) is
      the same as in other large series, the primary difference being the location of
      the fistula. In all series cited, 90% of fistulae were in the lateral
      semicircular canal whereas in this series the comparable incidence was 75%. The
      20 (25%) fistulae located in areas other than the lateral semicircular canal
      enabled us to document a method of "reading" the fistula test preoperatively to
      establish its precise location. Eye responses to the test and the fistula site
      were entirely consonant with the physiology of the vestibular system. The
      location of the fistula, in other words, can be reliably predicted by the eye
      movement. Clinicopathologic correlates are cited.

PMID- 6431875
TI  - HFS: a personal perspective.

PMID- 6431876
TI  - Otoconia in health and disease. A review.
AB  - Mammalian otoconia are made up of inorganic calcium carbonate crystallites and
      organic substance, which is thought to be sulfated glycosaminoglycans and
      glycoprotein. Mouse otoconia are formed in situ, and the primitive otoconia
      assume spindle, trigonal, dumbbell, or quadrilobed forms. As the otoconia mature,
      they assume the typical barrel-shaped body with pointed tips formed by three
      surfaces. A variety of otoconial disorders have been reported. Otoconial
      degeneration can result from ototoxic drugs, infection, trauma, and aging.
      Abnormal otoconia are also known to occur as a result of genetic mutation, as
      well as ototoxicity. Otoconial deficiency may be genetic or caused by certain
      drugs, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or tetracycline, or manganese
      deficiency during the critical period of gestation when the otoconia are formed
      in utero. Otoconial deficiency has been found to produce head tilting, swimming
      difficulty, and reduction or failure of the air-righting reflexes in animals.

PMID- 6431877
TI  - Cupulolithiasis and posterior ampullary nerve transection.
AB  - Schuknecht's description of a degenerated otoconial mass embedded in the cupula
      of the posterior canal crista of the downmost ear in the Hallpike test has been
      termed cupulolithiasis to reflect the pathophysiology in the syndrome described
      by Barany. The hypothesis that the otoconial mass renders the cupula of the
      posterior canal gravity-sensitive has received considerable experimental and
      clinical support. Clinical support is provided here by the observation that
      complete relief of the paroxysmal positional vertigo followed transection of the
      posterior ampullary nerve (singular nerve) in 31 ears of 29 patients complaining
      of chronic cupulolithiasis. Two patients in the series exhibited bilateral
      cupulolithiasis and were relieved by sequential bilateral singular neurectomies.
      Twenty-seven patients were relieved by unilateral singular neurectomy. Although
      there were three instances of sensorineural hearing loss following surgery in the
      first 15 patients, no hearing loss has been observed following surgery in the
      last 16 operations. This low incidence of sensorineural hearing loss has resulted
      from modifications in surgical technique.

PMID- 6431878
TI  - Pathology of Meniere's disease.
AB  - From review of recent findings, the pathology of Meniere's disease is described
      and correlated with clinical signs. Since Meniere's disease can be seen only in
      humans, assessing its natural history is important. A recent survey of 500
      patients demonstrated the three major symptoms to be vestibular, auditory, and
      aural pressure. Meniere's disease (idiopathic) is distinguished from Meniere's
      syndrome (symptoms with likely cause), which accounted for approximately one
      fourth of the patients. Atypical forms include vestibular and cochlear Meniere's
      disease. A recent review of our temporal bone collection and detailed study of
      the pathological conditions of 134 temporal bones described in the literature
      revealed characteristic pathological findings. Patients with clear-cut histories
      of Meniere's disease may demonstrate little or no endolymphatic hydrops at death.
      Nevertheless, hydrops of the pars inferior remains the most significant
      pathological correlate of Meniere's disease. On the basis of these findings, the
      pathogenesis of the disease (malabsorption of endolymph) and the pathophysiology
      of the symptoms (physical and chemical) are discussed.

PMID- 6431879
TI  - Fistulae in the membranous labyrinth.
AB  - Fistulization at various parts of the membranous labyrinth has been currently in
      use as one of the treatments for the symptoms of Meniere's disease. The present
      report concerns our experience with membranous fistulae in experimental animal
      ears with and without manifestation of endolymphatic hydrops. The materials
      presented are mostly new; however, our previous data are also incorporated in
      order to bring this issue into better perspective. The first part describes the
      nonproduction aspect of endolymphatic hydrops in the rat, chinchilla, and
      squirrel monkey after obliteration of the endolymphatic duct in relation to the
      occurrence of spontaneous fistulae. The second part describes surgical
      fistulization of the vestibular membranous labyrinth and cochlear duct in order
      to prevent or control development of endolymphatic hydrops in the guinea pig, the
      species in which hydrops can be produced consistently. These results are
      tabulated and analyzed in terms of the pathological consequences that can be
      expected in performing fistulization of the membranous labyrinths in animals as
      well as in humans.

PMID- 6431880
TI  - Streptomycin treatment for Meniere's disease.
AB  - This paper describes the author's 10-year experience using streptomycin sulfate
      in the treatment of Meniere's disease in the following: the classical Schuknecht
      ablation of the vestibular system in bilateral Meniere's disease (eight
      patients); the classical Schuknecht ablation of the vestibular system in
      unilateral Meniere's disease in the only hearing ear (five patients); the
      intratympanic treatment of unilateral Meniere's disease (four patients); and low
      dose intramuscular outpatient treatment in unilateral Meniere's disease (five
      patients). The results of bilateral vestibular ablation were similar to those
      obtained previously by Schuknecht and others: patients developed profound ataxia
      with a wide-based gait and oscillopsia, which improved rapidly over a period of
      months; approximately 30% of patients experienced significant improvement in
      hearing, which usually deteriorated again after several months; and all patients
      were relieved of vertigo. Patients with unilateral Meniere's disease in the only
      hearing ear responded similarly, and hearing was preserved in all cases.
      Intramuscular streptomycin ablation of the vestibular system is strongly
      recommended in place of surgery in the only hearing ear in Meniere's disease.
      Controlled intratympanic injection of streptomycin is not successful as yet
      because of difficulty in controlling the dose. Low dose subototoxic streptomycin
      treatment on an outpatient basis offers promise for relief of Meniere's attacks,
      and may improve hearing in some cases without producing the temporary disabling
      effects of ataxia and oscillopsia. Streptomycin and similar drugs which may
      reduce endolymph production may eventually be the treatment of choice for
      Meniere's disease.

PMID- 6431881
TI  - Comparative morphometry of mammalian otolith organs.
AB  - The endolymphatic volume of the utricle and the saccule and the surface area of
      the saccular macula were measured in eight mammalian species, including humans.
      The results confirmed that all measurements increased slowly but consistently
      correlating with increases in body weight. However, differences in these
      endolymphatic volumes or macular surface areas might also be influenced by
      functional characteristics among different species rather than simply reflecting
      geometrical comparability.

PMID- 6431882
TI  - Cochlear pathology following experimental ablation of the vestibular labyrinth.
AB  - A surgical procedure was performed on 24 cats in which the oval window was
      entered and the vestibular sense organs were ablated. The operation incited a
      severe reparative response in the vestibule, characterized by proliferation of
      fibrous tissue and bone and blockage of the longitudinal flow of endolymph. One
      inner ear became infected resulting in degeneration of the labyrinth. Of the
      remaining 23 ears, 20 showed cochlear endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and three did
      not. All three ears without cochlear EH (as well as two ears with cochlear EH)
      had fistulae of their endolymphatic systems. The findings are consistent with the
      concept that fistulization of the membranous labyrinth prior to the blockage of
      longitudinal flow will prevent the formation of EH. Similarly, fistulization
      occurring after the onset of EH should arrest its progression. These observations
      are relevant for surgical procedures designed to control intractable vertigo
      caused by EH.

PMID- 6431883
TI  - Surgery for acoustic neurinomas: a proposal.
AB  - Surgery for resection of acoustic neurinomas (vestibular schwannomas) has been
      performed by way of the middle fossa craniotomy, suboccipital route, and
      translabyrinthine operation. The author has preferred the translabyrinthine
      operation for small tumors (less than 2 cm) for patients with poor hearing and
      the suboccipital approach for large tumors and for small tumors when attempting
      to preserve hearing. This paper proposes an operation designed for better tumor
      removal results, an improved technique for preservation of hearing, and fewer
      complications. During the first part of the operation, the posterior fossa dura
      posterior to the labyrinth, and also bound by the superior petrosal and sigmoid
      venous sinuses, is exposed by the mastoidectomy route. The mastoid is obliterated
      with adipose tissue. The suboccipital route is then used to resect large tumors
      and small tumors when attempting to preserve hearing. This operation would 1)
      facilitate dissection of the internal auditory meatus, 2) reduce chance for
      injury to the labyrinth with a resulting total hearing loss, and 3) eliminate the
      rather frequent (less than 10%) incidence of postoperative CSF otorhinorrhea and
      its complications.

PMID- 6431884
TI  - Auditory and vestibular system findings in patients with vascular loops in the
      internal auditory canal.
AB  - Many anatomic studies have shown that a loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar
      artery is frequently found in the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory
      canal. The concept of vascular cross-compression has been extended to the eighth
      cranial nerve, and patients with symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo
      have been treated surgically by separating the vascular loop from the nerve.
      Previous reports have emphasized vascular anatomy, surgical approaches, and
      treatment results. Our study provides details of audiometric and vestibular
      system test results in a series of ten patients with prominent vascular loops in
      the internal auditory canal diagnosed by computerized tomography after
      subarachnoid space air injection (pneumo-CT). All patients had a unilateral (or
      asymmetric) hearing loss on the side of the lesion, and no vascular loops were
      detected on the contralateral sides. Hearing losses ranged from mild to profound.
      Audiometric findings were generally of a cochlear type, and most patients had
      excellent speech discrimination. Spontaneous nystagmus was detected in all
      patients during neurotologic testing, and half of the patients had normal caloric
      test results. The variability of audiometric and vestibular system test results
      is probably a reflection of anatomic variations of the vascular loop and its
      branches. Auditory and vestibular symptoms may be due to a complex interaction
      between the eighth cranial nerve and the vascular loop, in which the loop
      compresses the nerve and the nerve compromises circulation to the inner ear.
      Although symptoms from vascular loops and eighth nerve tumors are similar, the
      findings of a cochlear type of hearing loss, excellent speech discrimination, and
      normal caloric test results should raise the suspicion of a vascular
      loop.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431885
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the temporal bone.
AB  - The temporal bone is the primary site for approximately 10% of rhabdomyosarcomas
      of the head and neck in children. Until recently it has been a uniformly fatal
      tumor despite treatment with radical surgery and radiation therapy. Although
      experience with the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study protocol-II is of
      relatively short duration, treatment of these children with radiation therapy and
      multiple-drug intravenous and intrathecal chemotherapy holds promise of
      significantly improved control rates.

PMID- 6431886
TI  - New insights in the evaluation of cochlear impairment.
AB  - A major new insight into cochlear mechanisms is the recognition of an active
      process, the cochlear amplifier, that contributes energy to the mechanical
      movement of the basilar membrane at low sound intensities. The extra energy makes
      possible the great sensitivity of hearing and also the very sharp tuning of
      individual neural units, ie, the tips of their tuning curves. The inner hair
      cells are the final receptor cells, but the outer hair cells are essential for
      the amplifier action. The amplifier is much more sensitive to anoxia, ototoxic
      drugs, noise, etc, than the inner hair cell system alone. Severe impairment of
      the amplifier causes a sensorineural hearing loss with recruitment. Only the
      tails of tuning curves remain. Thus the cochlea is a dual sensory system, a
      robust but insensitive broadly tuned passive component sided by a vulnerable,
      sensitive sharply tuned active component.

PMID- 6431887
TI  - Factors inducing retrograde degeneration of the cochlear nerve.
AB  - The process of retrograde secondary degeneration is described and its mechanism,
      discussed. The extent of degeneration following transection of the central or
      peripheral axon and following various types of damage to the organ of Corti,
      including the time course of degeneration, is presented in animal experimentation
      and human temporal bones. Of greatest practical importance is secondary neuronal
      degeneration induced by alteration in the organ of Corti. The effect of damage to
      the outer hair cells, inner hair cells, supporting structures in the Corti, and
      nerve endings or peripheral dendrites is analyzed and related to different types
      of inner ear disease.

PMID- 6431888
TI  - Click-evoked gross potentials and single-unit thresholds in acoustically
      traumatized cats.
AB  - Click-evoked gross potentials were recorded from the round windows of 29 cats
      previously exposed to high-level sounds. The latency and amplitude of the gross
      neural components of these responses were determined and compared with the
      patterns of threshold shift measured in single auditory nerve fibers from the
      same 29 animals. Both of these electrophysiological measures were compared with
      the patterns of hair cell loss as seen in celloidin sections through the temporal
      bone. The correlations between single-unit abnormalities and cochlear pathology
      in these cases have been documented elsewhere. In this report, the correlations
      between gross-potential abnormalities and cochlear pathology are examined. The
      diagnostic potential of these correlations is discussed.

PMID- 6431889
TI  - Harold F. Schuknecht: beginnings in experimental research.

PMID- 6431890
TI  - Electrically induced auditory brainstem response as a clinical tool in estimating
      nerve survival.
AB  - Nerve survival estimates in totally deaf ears of cats and humans can be easily
      obtained by auditory brainstem responses to electrical stimulation at the round
      window. In humans, electrically induced auditory brainstem responses require
      considerably more current than concurrently observed perceptual thresholds and
      "maximum loudnesses," and there is much variability from patient to patient. In
      cats, in which we also compared efficacy of stimulation sites, preliminary data
      analysis suggests that the scala tympani is clearly much more efficient than the
      round window, and the round window better than the promontory in ears with large
      populations of ganglion cells. In ears with no or nearly no ganglion cells, scala
      tympani and round window stimulations are about equal.

PMID- 6431891
TI  - Occurrence of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus (Apicomplexa, Haemosporina) in
      Falconiformes and Strigiformes of Italy.
AB  - Blood smears from Falconiformes (91 birds of 10 species) and Strigiformes (23
      birds of 5 species) captured in Italy, were examined for haematozoa.
      Leucocytozoon were found in Falco tinnuculus, Buteo buteo, Circus cyaneus, Circus
      pygargus, Accipiter nisus from Falconiformes and in Strix aluco, from
      Strigiformes. Haemoproteus were found in Falco tinnuculus and Strix aluco; this
      latter species harbored mixed infections Leucocytozoon-Haemoproteus. Prevalences
      were 20.80% in Falconiformes and 21.74% in Strigiformes.

PMID- 6431892
TI  - Decrease in rate of wound contraction with the temporary skin substitute
      biobrane.
AB  - In burn patients normal wound healing contraction may lead to contracture
      deformity requiring secondary reconstruction. Full-thickness skin grafts are
      observed to inhibit both contraction and myofibroblasts by an unknown mechanism.
      The temporary synthetic skin substitute Biobrane has become an acceptable
      alternative to cadaver allografts for many burn and reconstruction wounds. We
      have postulated that this synthetic membrane might also share the ability to
      inhibit wound contraction. By comparing open and Biobrane closed wounds in 20
      rats, we have demonstrated a significant (p less than 0.005) difference in wound
      size during the time that the Biobrane is adherent to the wound. Linear
      regression curves are used to express the rate of contraction and demonstrate a
      threefold decrease. Alternative mechanisms for this inhibition are postulated,
      including mechanical stenting versus direct inhibition of contractile
      myofibroblasts.

PMID- 6431893
TI  - Characteristics and natural history of alloimmunization following HLA-matched
      leukocyte transfusion in Hunter's syndrome.
AB  - The characteristics and natural history of alloimmunization to HLA were studied
      in five patients with Hunter's syndrome receiving long term transfusions of
      leukocytes collected from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched donors. Patients
      were not given any other blood component transfusions. All patients became
      alloimmunized at an average interval of eight months following an average of 15
      transfusions. All patients developed HLA alloantibodies to transfused cross
      reactive HLA antigens. Antibodies to transfused incompatible HLA antigens also
      developed in all patients. Multispecific HLA antibodies in which specificity
      determination could not be made were also seen in four patients. In a small
      number of patients in this study, despite matching for the private HLA
      specificities, HLA alloimmunization was not prevented. In fact, broad
      alloimmunization was seen uniformly in our patients.

PMID- 6431894
TI  - [The r(14) syndrome. 3 new observations].
AB  - Three observations of r(14) are reported. Constant features of r(14) syndrome are
      the following: moderate but typical craniofacial dysmorphism, seizures and other
      neurological abnormalities, abnormal retinal pigmentation, and recurrent
      respiratory infections. The value of gene dosage evaluation for genes mapped to
      the distal segment of 14q, particularly the Ig heavy chain genes, is emphasized.

PMID- 6431895
TI  - The role of lysosomal sialidase and beta-galactosidase in processing the complex
      carbohydrate chains on lysosomal enzymes and possibly other glycoproteins.
AB  - Previous studies using the lectin RCA-I from Ricinus communis have indicated that
      several lysosomal enzymes in the fibroblasts of patients deficient in beta
      galactosidase carry excess terminal galactose. Electrophoretic studies have shown
      that the same enzymes and the non-lysosomal adenosine deaminase also show excess
      terminal sialic acid in patients deficient in sialidase. In this paper we
      confirm, using Jack-bean beta-galactosidase, that the binding to RCA-I of the
      purified N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase from a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis
      depends on a terminal beta-linked galactose. We provide evidence, using bacterial
      sialidase and measuring the binding to RCA-I, for excess subterminal galactose on
      the enzymes of patients deficient in sialidase. We also show that adenosine
      deaminase from the fibroblasts of patients deficient in beta-galactosidase has
      increased binding to RCA-I. These observations suggest that in healthy
      individuals the carbohydrate structure of the precursors of lysosomal enzymes and
      possibly some other glycoproteins also includes extended carbohydrate side chains
      with terminal sialic acid and subterminal galactose, and that the mature enzyme
      extracted from tissues is the product of degradation.

PMID- 6431896
TI  - Linkage of the LW blood group locus with the complement C3 and Lutheran blood
      group loci.
AB  - Segregation data on LW in families of informative males show that the LW
      (Landsteiner-Wiener) blood group locus is closely linked to the complement C3
      locus and to the locus for the Lutheran blood group. This finding also confirms
      the presence of a larger linkage group on chromosome 19, including now the loci
      for apoE, Le, C3, LW, Lu, Se, H, PEPD, myotonic dystrophy (DM), neurofibromatosis
      (NF) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC). Linkage of LW with the Lewis blood
      group locus could not be definitely established by the present family data, but
      small positive scores between LW and Le suggest that the Le locus is situated
      outside the C3-LW region.

PMID- 6431897
TI  - The biological behavior of primary cerebral neuroblastoma: a reappraisal of the
      clinical course in a series of 70 cases.
AB  - The outcome in 70 patients with primary cerebral neuroblastoma was evaluated in
      light of their age incidence, histological subtypes, and modes of treatment. In
      more than 80% of the patients, primary cerebral neuroblastoma occurred in the
      first decade, most often before the age of 2 years (26%). Over half of the tumors
      were histologically of the classic variant, the remainder showing varying degrees
      of mesenchymal stromal response (desmoplastic or transitional variants). Patients
      with a tumor of the desmoplastic or transitional variant without ganglionic
      differentiation had a lower mean age at the time of diagnosis than those
      harboring a tumor of the classic variant. Age could not be correlated with the
      presence of ganglionic differentiation. The overall 3-year survival rate was 60%.
      At least 30% of patients have a 5-year postoperative survival. Eight patients
      survived 7 years after diagnosis, and 3 for more than 10 years. The period of
      risk for tumor recurrence or death was a function of the initial age at diagnosis
      (Collins's law). Most deaths or fatal recurrences occurred within the first 3
      years after operation. No correlation could be made between survival times and
      histological variant of the tumor or the presence of ganglionic differentiation.
      Our data do not indicate that, overall, postoperative irradiation with or without
      chemotherapy improved length of survival, but an occasional favorable clinical
      response to chemotherapy did occur. Because of the high incidence of local
      recurrence and the relative frequency of cerebrospinal metastasis, prophylactic
      whole brain and spinal irradiation is probably justified.

PMID- 6431898
TI  - Serum neuronal growth factor levels in von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A single neuronal cell biological assay was used to quantitate neuronal growth
      factors in 87 serum samples from 69 patients in 48 families with von
      Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, plus 16 samples from 16 comparison subjects.
      Mouse nerve growth factor was used as a standard for the bioassay, and results of
      serum assays were expressed as nerve growth factor equivalents. Antiserum to
      mouse nerve growth factor inhibited fractionally serum-induced neurite outgrowth,
      while kinetics of neurite outgrowth and maximal cellular response to serum
      differed from those induced by mouse nerve growth factor. The mean values (+/-
      SD) of neuronal growth factors for the patients were 20.5 +/- 15.7 pg/mg serum
      protein, while mean values for the comparison group as a whole were 22.3 +/- 15.6
      pg/mg serum protein. Sex, race/ethnicity, patient age, and date of sample
      collection did not significantly influence serum levels among patients or
      comparison subjects. Three to six serial samples taken from women before
      pregnancy, during the course of pregnancy, during delivery, and in the postpartum
      period did not show significant differences from one period to another. These
      data suggest that human serum does contain non-nerve-growth-factor neuronal
      growth factors, but that levels of the factors do not contribute to the
      identification of patients with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6431899
TI  - Congenital hydrocephalus and eye abnormalities with severe developmental brain
      defects: Warburg's syndrome.
AB  - Five patients are reported with Warburg's syndrome, characterized by: (1)
      congenital hydrocephalus, (2) severe neonatal neurological dysfunction, (3)
      abnormalities of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyes, (4) absence of
      known cause, and (5) severe developmental abnormalities of cortical gyration and
      architectonics. Fourteen similar published cases are reviewed. The syndrome can
      be diagnosed during life on the conjunction of the first four features listed.
      Evidence is adduced that this syndrome is a genetically determined condition with
      an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and with a 25% recurrence risk for
      offspring of the parents of an affected infant.

PMID- 6431901
TI  - Reflections on the footprints of the hominids found at Laetoli.
AB  - The prints of Laetoli are of considerable interest with respect to the
      evolutionary development of the foot and of the human mode of progression. The
      placing of the prints, with one foot behind the other and the absence of an angle
      of gait may be due to the condition of parallelism of the guides of the
      astralagus, an archaic characteristic, which, however, also occurs in the Olduvai
      foot and in other very old human astragali, but which also occurs sporadically in
      present-day feet. It is also of great relevance that the feet, which left these
      prints, show a hallux, which is longer than the second digit. This character has
      either been considered a relatively recent evolutionary development, but the
      prints at Laetoli demonstrate the contrary.

PMID- 6431900
TI  - Augmented anti-acetylcholine receptor response following long-term penicillamine
      administration.
AB  - Because of the association of D-penicillamine (DP) therapy with myasthenia
      gravis, we have studied long-term DP treatment in five inbred strains of mice
      with doses comparable to those used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No
      clinical weakness or anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody developed with
      up to 6 months of treatment, but augmented responses did occur to challenge with
      purified AChR in adjuvant. Anti-AChR antibody titers in C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice
      were significantly higher after challenge with AChR in DP-treated than in control
      mice. Augmented anti-AChR titers were not seen in strain A mice, but after 6
      months of DP treatment increased susceptibility developed to the induction of
      experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Nine weeks after challenge with
      purified AChR, 10 of 11 mice developed clinical weakness, leading to death in 6.
      Results of edrophonium testing were positive in 5 of 6 mice, and
      electrophysiological abnormalities were demonstrated in 3 of the surviving mice.
      Long-term DP treatment is associated with augmented anti-AChR antibody responses
      in C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice, and increased susceptibility to experimental
      autoimmune myasthenia gravis in strain A mice.

PMID- 6431902
TI  - [Morphological studies of facial skeleton asymmetry in pongidae and hominid
      primates].
AB  - On the question of asymmetry in the upper facial skeleton, ten samples of
      hominoid primates were investigated in a comparative metrical analysis.
      Generally, there was a slight dominance in the right-handed measurements. With
      one exception these findings could be confirmed statistically, whereas sexual
      dimorphism could not be shown to be significant in this respect. The question,
      whether the differences between right and left measurements show a bimodal
      distribution and so suggest a certain amount of reversed asymmetry, could not be
      answered clearly because the sample size was limited. Most of the distributions
      are explicable in accordance with this assumption.

PMID- 6431903
TI  - Application of immunodiffusion to the identification of Rhizobium meliloti
      strains competing for nodulation on Medicago sativa.
AB  - The immunodiffusion technique was successfully used to unambiguously recognize
      four strains of Rhizobium meliloti in a study of competition for nodulation with
      Medicago sativa cv. Apollo inoculated with two-, three- and four-strain mixtures.
      The serological reactions of all R. meliloti strains revealed no significant
      changes following plant passage indicating that the antigens involved in
      immunodiffusion were stable. R. meliloti 102F70 formed 50% or more of the nodules
      on M. sativa inoculated with two-, three- and four-strain mixtures. The remaining
      three strains were less competitive and produced similar proportions of nodules
      (14-20%) on plants inoculated with three- and four-strain mixtures. Cases of
      mixed-strain occupancy of nodules involving either two of three strains were
      detected in a sub-sample of nodules. The data also indicated considerable
      variation in the proportions of strains in the nodules of individual plants.

PMID- 6431904
TI  - Inhibition of fermentation and growth in batch cultures of the yeast
      Brettanomyces intermedius upon a shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions
      (Custers effect).
AB  - Aerobic growth of the yeast Brettanomyces intermedius CBS 1943 in batch culture
      on a medium containing glucose and yeast extract proceeded via a characteristic
      pattern. In the first phase of growth glucose was fermented to nearly equal
      amounts of ethanol and acetic acid. After glucose depletion, growth continued
      while the ethanol produced in the first phase was almost quantitatively converted
      to acetic acid. Finally, after a long lag phase, growth resumed with concomitant
      consumption of acetic acid. When the culture was made anaerobic during the first
      phase, growth, glucose consumption and metabolite production stopped immediately.
      This Custers effect (inhibition of alcoholic fermentation as a result of
      anaerobic conditions) was transient. After 7-8 h the culture was adapted to
      anaerobiosis, and growth and ethanol production resumed. The lag phase could be
      shortened at will by the introduction of hydrogen acceptors, such as oxygen or
      acetoin, into the culture. Glycerol production was not observed during any phase
      of growth. These results support the hypothesis that the Custers effect in this
      yeast is due to a disturbance of the redox balance, resulting from the tendency
      of the organism to produce acetic acid, and its inability to restore the balance
      by production of glycerol.

PMID- 6431905
TI  - Role of the electron transfer system in microsomal drug monooxygenase reaction
      catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Four protein components of the hepatic microsomal electron transfer system, NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome P-450, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, and
      cytochrome b5, all purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-pretreated
      rabbits, were co-reconstituted into liposomes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine.
      The electron transfer rates between the four protein components were measured
      directly by the stopped-flow method with the reconstituted systems of different
      compositions, and the effect of the change of the composition on the
      monooxygenase activity was simultaneously determined. The results obtained led to
      the following conclusions: (i) The first of the two electrons required for the
      monooxygenase reaction is exclusively supplied via NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase, whereas the second one is preferentially supplied via cytochrome b5.
      (ii) The rate-limiting step of the overall monooxygenase reaction is the
      introduction of the second electron, or a step later than that, if the second
      electron is sufficiently supplied. (iii) All four proteins seem to distribute
      randomly on the plane of liposomal membranes, and the interaction between them is
      caused by the lateral diffusion of the proteins.

PMID- 6431906
TI  - Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase by beta
      carboline and indole derivatives.
AB  - beta-Carboline derivatives inhibited both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and
      tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activities from various sources. Among them, norharman
      is most potent for both enzymes from mammalian sources. Kinetic studies revealed
      that norharman is uncompetitive (Ki = 0.12 mM) with L-tryptophan for rabbit
      intestinal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and linearly competitive (Ki = 0.29 mM)
      with L-tryptophan for mouse liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. In addition, some
      beta-carbolines selectively inhibited one enzyme or the other. Pseudomonad
      tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase was inhibited by a different spectrum of beta
      carbolines. Such a selective inhibition by the structure of substrate analogs is
      more evident by the use of indole derivatives. Indole-3-acetamide, indole-3
      acetonitrile and indole-3-acrylic acid exhibited a potent inhibition for
      mammalian tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, while they moderately inhibited the
      pseudomonad enzyme. However, they showed no inhibition for indoleamine 2,3
      dioxygenase. These results suggest the difference of the structures of the active
      sites among these enzymes from various sources.

PMID- 6431907
TI  - A carbon-13 NMR comparative study of metal ion substitutions in human carbonic
      anhydrase I carboxymethylated at active-site histidine-200.
AB  - Human carbonic anhydrase I (EC 4.2.1.1), the low-activity isozyme, has a reactive
      active-site Histidine-200 that is known to be specifically modified at N tau with
      haloacetates. Using [1-13C]bromoacetate, we previously introduced a highly
      sensitive 13C NMR probe into the active site of the enzyme and studied the
      interaction of the carboxymethyl carboxylate with the active-site zinc, as well
      as the ionization properties of the carboxymethylated histidine-200 side chain.
      In the present work, these studies have been extended to metalloderivatives of
      the enzyme in which the intrinsic zinc has been replaced by Cd2+, Hg2+, and Co2+.
      In the former two metals, spin-1/2 isotopes (113Cd and 199Hg) in the absence of
      inhibitory halides were utilized to search for two-bond spin-spin couplings in
      the spectrum of the 13C-enriched carboxymethyl carboxylate under conditions where
      coordination exists in the Zn and Co derivatives. The absence of splittings and
      titration studies of the chemical shift of the resonance both established the
      absence of coordination. The pH dependence of the carboxylate, which reflects the
      ionization of the CmHis-200 ring, was observed in the presence and absence of
      bound inhibitors. Marked differences were seen among the four metalloderivatives
      in all these properties, suggesting great sensitivity of the active site to the
      nature of the metal inserted. The data suggest extreme caution in extrapolating
      results from metal ion substitution studies to the native zinc enzyme, and may
      reflect functional significance of this sensitivity in the catalysis.

PMID- 6431908
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of progesterone, testosterone, and ecdysone
      in the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the ability of the cytochrome P-450
      present in hepatopancreas microsomes from the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, to
      catalyze oxidation of progesterone, testosterone, and ecdysone. Preparations of
      hepatopancreas microsomes fortified with NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase from
      pig liver efficiently catalyzed NADPH-dependent 16 alpha- and 6 beta
      hydroxylation of progesterone and testosterone, and 21-hydroxylation of
      progesterone. These products were also found if NADPH and NADPH cytochrome P-450
      reductase were replaced by cumene hydroperoxide. Cytochrome P-450 purified from
      hepatopancreas microsomes catalyzed NADPH- and reductase-dependent 16 alpha
      hydroxylation of progesterone and testosterone 10 times more rapidly than the
      original microsomal preparation. While ecdysone was not a substrate for the
      hepatopancreas microsomal cytochrome P-450, low ecdysone 20-monooxygenase
      activity was found in hepatopancreas mitochondria. Further studies showed that
      homogenates of green gland, ovaries, and testes had higher ecdysone monooxygenase
      activities than hepatopancreas, and that the activity in green gland was
      localized in mitochondria.

PMID- 6431909
TI  - Improvement of the anoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by membrane
      modulation.
AB  - The mitochondrial dysfunction induced by anoxia in vitro was improved with
      chlorpromazine, cepharanthine, bromophenacyl bromide, and mepacrine without
      affecting phospholipid or adenine nucleotide metabolisms. The drugs inhibited
      lipid peroxidation by Fe2+, mitochondrial disruption by Ca2+, and membrane
      perturbation by lysolecithin, and retained the activity to control H+
      permeability across mitochondrial membranes. The drugs appeared to preserve the
      functions by acting to suppress the development of membrane deterioration which
      may have resided in the deenergization of mitochondria in the absence of oxygen.

PMID- 6431910
TI  - Effects of detergents on the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction.
AB  - This paper describes the effect of an ionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS) and a
      nonionic detergent (Triton X-100) on the substrate and enzyme components of the
      lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) reaction. When the enzyme sources
      (purified or partially purified) or the respective substrates [high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL) or proteoliposomes] were preincubated with detergents, a
      consistent trend in LCAT activity was only seen when partially purified LCAT was
      used as the enzyme source. This trend indicated an approximately 25% increase in
      enzyme activity over the control when 10(-4) M SDS and 2 X 10(-3)% Triton X-100
      were present in the preincubation mixtures, respectively. Those observations
      suggested that, during the preincubations and subsequent assays, the enzyme (in
      the presence of detergents) was allowed to dissociate from the endogenous
      substrate and subsequently interact with the exogenous substrate molecules.
      Additional experiments utilizing molecular-sieve chromatography with whole plasma
      and partially purified enzyme also showed that dissociation of LCAT/lipoprotein
      complexes occurred in the presence of detergent. SDS was also shown to enhance
      the reaction of LCAT in whole plasma with anti-LCAT antibody in an enzyme-linked
      immunoassay system, indicating that the detergent treatment facilitated the
      exposure of additional antigenic sites, perhaps via dissociation of the enzyme
      from plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 6431911
TI  - Studies on cytochrome P-450-dependent lipid hydroperoxide reduction.
AB  - A reconstituted mixed-function oxidase system containing cytochrome P-450,
      cytochrome P-450 reductase, phosphatidylcholine, and NADPH catalyzed the
      reduction of 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid to 13-hydroxy-9,11
      octadecadienoic acid. Activity was stimulated by the addition of type I
      substrates, while carbon monoxide and oxygen inhibited the reaction. Perfluoro-n
      hexane stimulated the reduction of lipid hydroperoxide to lipid alcohol in the
      reconstituted system but not by cytochrome P-450 alone. Incubation of cytochrome
      P-450 with only lipid hydroperoxide resulted in destruction of the hemoprotein.
      Addition of substrates such as aminopyrine decreased cytochrome P-450
      destruction. Addition of reducing equivalents from a reconstituted electron
      transport system also decreased cytochrome P-450 destruction.

PMID- 6431912
TI  - Accumulation of trace elements, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls in
      sediments and the clam Corbicula manilensis of the Apalachicola River, Florida.

PMID- 6431913
TI  - The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors 1016 and 1254) on mortality,
      reproduction, and regeneration in Hydra oligactis.

PMID- 6431914
TI  - [Preliminary results of a randomized study between intravesical adriamycin and
      thio-tepa in the treatment of superficial tumors of bladder].

PMID- 6431915
TI  - Preparation of venous allografts. A comparison of techniques.
AB  - In order to evaluate alternate techniques of preparing veins for use as
      homografts, 102 femoral veins were harvested from adult mongrel dogs. The veins
      were treated in four different ways, then transplanted into recipient animals
      bypassing their ligated femoral arteries. Group I--24 veins (6 cm each) were
      harvested and immediately transplanted. Group II--24 veins were stored in 15%
      dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution at -120 C for 21 days prior to
      transplantation. Group III--26 veins were stored for 21 days in plasminate
      solution at -60 C prior to use as allografts. Group IV--28 veins were stored in
      0.5% gluteraldehyde solution for 21 days prior to implantation. Animals were
      randomly sacrificed at 1-month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month intervals. Patency
      of the transplant was determined weekly by ultrasound. Specimens were sent for
      light and scanning electron microscopy at the time of harvest, prior to
      implantation, and at sacrifice. Endothelial damage was graded on a scale of 0-16.
      Veins in Group II had a significantly higher patency rate (68% at 1 year) than
      Group III (35%) and Group IV (11%) (p less than 0.05). The intimal layer of all
      patent vessels was replaced by an organized mural thrombus. Partial
      endothelialization of the luminal surface was most prevalent in Group II. Intimal
      damage related to storage technique was significant in Group III (p less than
      0.01). At sacrifice, severe endothelial damage was present in all groups (p less
      than 0.01). In conclusion, veins stored in 15% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) solution
      at -120 C have immunologic and physical characteristics that yield patency rates
      acceptable for clinical use when autogenous tissue is not available.

PMID- 6431916
TI  - An unusual complication of naso-enteral feeding with small-diameter feeding
      tubes.

PMID- 6431917
TI  - Combined hormonal infusion simulates the metabolic response to injury.
AB  - To investigate the role of hormones as mediators of the metabolic response to
      injury, nine normal male volunteers received a continuous 74-hour infusion of the
      three 'stress' hormones: cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine. As a control, each
      subject received a saline infusion during another 4-day period. Diets were
      constant and matched on both occasions. Hormonal infusion achieved hormone
      concentrations similar to those seen following mild-moderate injury. With this
      alteration in the endocrine environment significant hypermetabolism, negative
      nitrogen and potassium balances, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin
      resistance, sodium retention, and peripheral leukocytosis were observed.
      Additional studies with single hormone infusions indicated that these responses
      resulted from both additive and synergistic interactions of the hormones. Triple
      hormone infusion simulated many of the metabolic responses observed following
      mild-moderate injury and other catabolic illnesses.

PMID- 6431918
TI  - Mechanism of prevention of postburn hypermetabolism and catabolism by early
      enteral feeding.
AB  - This study was performed to investigate the mechanism whereby immediate enteral
      feeding after burn injury reduces postburn hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism.
      Fifty-seven burned guinea pigs (30% TBSA) were divided into three groups: A (N =
      19), given 175 kcal/kg/day beginning 2 hours after burn; B (N = 20), given 175
      kcal/kg/day with an initial 72-hour adaptation period; and C (N = 18), given 200
      kcal/kg/day with the same adaptation period as B. Resting metabolic expenditure
      (RME) on PBD 13 was lowest in group A (109% of preburn level), compared with
      group B (144%, p less than 0.001) and group C (137%, p less than 0.01). On PBD 1,
      group A had the greatest jejunal mucosal weight and thickness (p less than
      0.001), and mucosal weight had negative correlations with plasma cortisol (r =
      0.829, p less than 0.001) and glucagon (r = 0.888, p less than 0.001). Two weeks
      after burn, urinary vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) excretion, plasma cortisol, and
      glucagon were lowest in group A (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.01). These
      hormones also significantly correlated with RME (p less than 0.01 to p less than
      0.001). These findings suggest that immediate postburn enteral feeding can
      prevent hypermetabolism via preservation of gut mucosal integrity and prevention
      of excessive secretion of catabolic hormones.

PMID- 6431919
TI  - Kappa-chain nephropathy associated with plasma cell leukemia.
AB  - A 45-year-old-woman had plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and mild renal insufficiency.
      Renal biopsy findings were compatible with kappa-chain nephropathy. Our case adds
      PCL to the list of plasma cell dyscrasias associated with kappa- and/or lambda
      chain nephropathy.

PMID- 6431920
TI  - [The injurious effect of granulocytes and mitomycin C added to cultured human
      vascular endothelium].

PMID- 6431921
TI  - [Effects of calmodulin antagonists on platelet aggregation and phospholipid
      metabolism].

PMID- 6431922
TI  - [Reoperations after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot].
AB  - Between 1970 and 1981, 40 patients (6%) were reoperated after surgical correction
      of Fallot's tetralogy. The average age of these patients was 7,5 years (range 2
      months to 37 years). The usual anatomical form was present in 30 cases and severe
      forms accounted for the other 10 cases (pulmonary atresia with septal defect were
      excluded). The 40 patients were divided into 3 groups according to the anatomical
      lesions corrected at reoperation: Group I: 16 patients with a residual isolated
      VSD; Group II: 14 patients with one or two residual right heart anomalies (RRHA)
      but without a septal defect; Group III: 10 patients with a residual VSD and RRHA.
      The only clinical difference between the patients of these 3 groups was the delay
      of onset of symptoms: the patients with residual VSD (Groups I and III) often
      developed cardiac failure immediately, whilst in those without residual VSD
      (Group II) cardiac failure was usually observed secondarily. Four patients (10%)
      died early after reoperation (less than 1 month). Three others died later, two
      during a third operation. The total mortality was similar in the three groups.
      The surgical result was assessed clinically after an average follow-up of 4,5 +/-
      3 years: patients with a residual isolated VSD (Group I) had the best long-term
      results. In 12 patients, M mode and 2D echocardiography showed normal left
      ventricular function but the ratio of end diastolic right ventricular and left
      ventricular dimensions was increased to an average of 0,72 +/- 0,2.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431923
TI  - [Surgical section of the bundle of Kent in the closed heart].
AB  - The conventional operation for ablation of accessory pathways (AP) in the WPW
      syndrome requires an endocardial approach and necessitates cardiopulmonary bypass
      and hypothermic cardiac arrest. Cryosurgical ablation of AP from the epicardial
      surface has been described but was limited to superficial AP. We report a new
      closed-heart technique combining dissection of AV pad and cryosurgery. Eight
      patients with WPW syndrome, aged 6-56, underwent surgery for ablation of AP
      associated with disabling tachyarrhythmia refractory to medical management. All
      AP were located in the left lateral AV sulcus as determined by preoperative and
      intraoperative electrophysiological assessment. The heart was exposed through a
      median sternotomy. The AV fat pad and its vascular contents were dissected away
      from the atrium at the site of the AP, sacrificing some atrial vessels. The
      dissection left some fat adherent to the thin-walled atrium close to the level of
      the mitral annulus. A small segment of the ventricle adjacent to the sulcus was
      exposed. The fat pad was retracted to avoid cryo-injury to the coronary vessels.
      A cryoprobe (1.5 cm diameter) was applied to the exposed AV junction (-60 degrees
      C for 2 minutes) to create transmural fibrosis. After verification of AP
      ablation, the chest was closed. All 8 patients have remained free of
      preexcitation during short term follow-up (1 to 8 months). This simplified
      technique is applicable to patients with free-wall AP, a group constituting the
      majority of symptomatic WPW patients at our institution.

PMID- 6431924
TI  - [Surgical atrioventricular disconnection in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].
AB  - Surgical atrioventricular disconnection is a possible means of treating patients
      with severe paroxysmal arrhythmias resistant to medical treatment due to the
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Between 1971 and April 1982 we operated 50
      patients (38 men and 12 women) with the WPW syndrome. Thirty seven patients were
      operated for arrhythmias (paroxysmal tachycardia) resistant to medical therapy or
      with a high risk of sudden death. Thirteen patients had associated cardiac
      disease with less severe arrhythmias (aortic valve disease: 6 cases; mitral and
      aortic valve disease: 3 cases; mitral valve disease: 3 cases, and atrial septal
      defect: 1 case). The causes of paroxysmal tachycardia were atrial fibrillation
      (13 cases), atrial flutter (2 cases), orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (30
      cases), with associated atrial fibrillation in 9 cases, and with associated
      atrial flutter in 4 cases. Antidromic reciprocating tachycardia was present in 2
      cases. In 3 cases, the preexcitation was a chance finding. Electrophysiological
      studies performed before and after antiarrhythmic drug administration showed type
      A WPW (LV preexcitation) in 23 cases, and type B WPW (RV preexcitation) in 20
      cases. The ECG was normal in the horizontal plane in 7 cases. The
      atrioventricular accessory pathway was permeable in both directions in 39 cases;
      in 9 cases the pathway was permeable only in the retrograde direction and in 2
      cases it was permeable only in the anterograde direction. In 7 patients an atrio
      hisian short circuit was demonstrated. The site of the accessory conduction
      pathway was located by epicardial mapping, the first surgical stage, in the left
      lateral region of the atrioventricular junction (28 cases), in the right lateral
      region (6 cases), in the posterior septal region (15 cases) (right sided in 4
      cases, left sided in 11 cases), and in the anterior septal region (1 case). The
      accessory pathway (so-called Bundle of Kent) was interrupted by atrioventricular
      disconnection. Six patients died during surgery, mainly at the beginning of the
      series; the operative risk is now low (1 death in the last 34 cases: 2,95%).
      Complete interruption of the accessory pathway was obtained in 38 cases, 1 of
      which had to be reoperated. Three patients had an incomplete result due to
      partial interruption or the presence of a second accessory pathway. However,
      these patients no longer have severe arrhythmias. Surgical section failed in 3
      cases, but the patients are now controlled by medical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6431925
TI  - [Left ventricular global and segmental function in pure mitral valve prolapse
      with poor tolerance for exertion].
AB  - Poor effort tolerance is observed in a small percentage of cases of idiopathic
      mitral valve prolapse (IMVP). The aim of this study was to assess the possible
      left ventricular dysfunction in such cases, responsible for poor effort
      tolerance. Left ventricular function and segmental wall motion were studied
      retrospectively in a group of 17 patients with IMVP. The patients, average age 53
      +/- 12 years, had poor effort tolerance (ST segment depression of 2 to 4 mm in 15
      cases, drop in blood pressure in 6 cases) justifying catheter and angiographic
      studies. All patients had IMVP confirmed on RAO left ventriculography. There was
      no associated mitral regurgitation or coronary artery disease. Left ventricular
      function was studied by parameters of global function (systolic and diastolic
      parameters, volume measurements) and by a quantitative study of segmental wall
      contraction. The method used for studying regional wall motion was an application
      of the Stanford method in which segmental shortening is studied over all the
      endocavitary contour of the LV during an angiographic cycle filmed at 50
      frames/second in the RAO projection. The time and velocity amplitudes of wall
      motion were measured during systole and diastole. The same methodology was
      applied to 21 normal control subjects. The results showed abnormal volumic
      compliance and wall motion in the IMVP group. Asynergy was mainly confined to the
      antero-lateral wall of the LV. The amplitude of contraction was generally normal
      but the contraction was slower and finished earlier. In the same zone, relaxation
      was abnormally early and lasted longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431926
TI  - [Differential diagnosis between constrictive pericarditis and cardiac amyloidosis
      by computerized M-mode echocardiography].
AB  - A diastole is a non specific haemodynamic syndrome which may result from
      constrictive pericarditis or from a restrictive cardiomyopathy. The aim of this
      study was to differentiate these two types of condition by analysis of
      computerised M mode recordings of the left ventricle. Three groups of patients
      were studied: 5 cases of confirmed cardiac amyloidosis (Am); 5 cases of
      constrictive pericarditis confirmed surgically (CP) and 10 normal subjects (NL).
      The study was based on analysis of parameters of ventricular filling and of
      diastolic thinning of the LV free wall. A significant difference was observed
      between AM and CP but not between PC and NL. Amyloidosis was characterised by a
      reduction in the maximum velocity of endocavitary diameter lengthening (AM 0,84
      +/- 0,56 cir/sec; PC 3,95 +/- 0,77, p less than 0,01), prolongation of the rapid
      filling phase (AM 0,42 +/- 0,17 sec; PC 0,16 +/- 0,06 sec, p less than 0,02) and
      a decrease in maximum velocity of free wall thinning (AM 0,45 +/- 0,23
      th/syst/sec; PC 4,79 +/- 2,1, p less than 0,01). The diastolic thickness of the
      free wall was greater in the amyloidosis group (AM 1,73 +/- 0,61 cm; PC 1,05 +/-
      0,21, p less than 0,05) and correlated with the reduction of maximum velocity of
      free wall thinning. Parameters of global diastolic filling did not distinguish
      the two conditions. The M mode recordings were therefore digitalised to provide
      graphs of chamber filling and wall thinning and their derivatives.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431927
TI  - [Cardiac manifestations of the hypereosinophilic syndrome. The value of 2
      dimensional echography (12 cases)].
AB  - The prognosis of the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HS) depends mainly on the
      development of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF). This complication may be overlooked
      at an early stage, although its presence is an indication for steroid or
      antimitotic therapy of the HS. Even at an advanced EMF and associated
      intracardiac thrombi may not be visualised by angiography. This study was
      undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of 2D echocardiography in 12 patients.
      The patients were all men (12 of them) aged 22 to 64 years with unexplained
      eosinophilia 1 500/mm3 for over 6 months, and visceral lesions. The patients were
      divided into 3 clinical groups. Group A comprised 4 "allergic" patients with
      chronic asthma and a significant elevation of IgE; Group B comprised 5
      "myeloproliferative" patients with splenomegaly and/or hepatomegaly and a
      significant elevation of serum B12 levels. The 3 remaining patients who could not
      be allocated to either Group A or B formed the third group (Group C). 2D
      echocardiography was carried out on average 30 months after diagnosis of the HS
      and six planes of examination were used systematically (two parasternal, two
      apical, one extreme apical and one subcostal). Right and left ventriculography
      was performed in 6 patients (less than one month before or after 2D-echo).
      Anatomical studies were obtained in 4 cases (2 operations, 3 autopsies).
      Echocardiographic signs of EMF were observed in 8 cases. Four patients had a
      restrictive cardiopathy associated to a large LV thrombus in 2 cases.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431928
TI  - [2-dimensional echography in the preoperative evaluation of mitral stenosis].
AB  - 2D echocardiography has become one of the most important investigations in the
      preoperative assessment of mitral stenosis. This study was undertaken to
      determine the reliability of the information so obtained, by comparison with the
      surgical appearances. The study population consisted of 104 patients (average age
      45 years, 76% women) undergoing open heart surgery for pure mitral stenosis (72%)
      or mixed mitral valve disease (28%) between 1980 and 1981. All underwent 2D echo
      using a phased array Aloka SSD 800 80 degrees sector scanner. Cardiac
      catheterisation was performed in 102 cases and left ventricular angiography in 89
      cases. The echocardiogramme was interpreted by an observer who had no knowledge
      of the surgical results. The mitral surface area, the condition of the valves and
      subvalvular apparatus and the predictive value of the possible surgical technique
      were analysed. The 2D echo mitral surface area was estimated by planimetry and
      quantitatively by using the Gorlin formula during catheterisation and by the
      surgical description preoperatively. 2D echo was more sensitive than M mode in
      the detection of severe mitral stenosis (90% vs 73%, p less than 0,01). The 2D
      echo-Gorlin correlation was quite good (R = 0,70, p less than 0,01) but was worse
      when the valves were very thickened. When compared with the surgical
      observations, 87% of the 2D echo data was correct. The thickness of the valves,
      their amplitude, the diastolic bowing of the anterior leaflet and the presence of
      calcification were assessed by 2D echo. The echo-surgical results matched
      perfectly in 76% of cases. The usual cause of error was underestimation of the
      degree of valvular damage. The valvular bowing and thickness were the most useful
      signs. Dense, brilliant echos of valvular calcification were found in only 58% of
      surgically proven cases of valvular calcification, but the error was often
      related to fine calcification, not visible on fluoroscopy, or to its localisation
      on the posterior leaflet. The subvalvular apparatus was evaluated in over 93% of
      patients, a complete study being possible in 73% of them. The 2D echo-surgical
      correlations were excellent in 90% of the cases in which it had been completely
      visualised. The chordal thickening was correctly predicted in 79% of cases. The
      surgical assessment was more pessimistic in 1/3 of cases in which the chordae
      appeared to be of normal thickness. The length of the chordae was correctly
      predicted in 68% of cases. The surgical assessment was more pessimistic in 1/2 of
      cases in which the chordae appeared to be of normal length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6431929
TI  - [Evaluation of ventricular tachycardia by endocavitary stimulation. Apropos of 46
      cases].
AB  - Thirty six patients (21 coronary artery disease, 8 cardiomyopathy, 3 mitral valve
      prolapse and 4 apparently normal) underwent endocavitary stimulation studies. The
      protocol consisted in delivering one or two right ventricular extrastimuli and
      twice the diastolic threshold either during spontaneous rhythm (S2 and S2-S3) or
      a paced ventricular rhythm (S1-S2 and S1-S2-S3). In 9 patients overdrive
      ventricular pacing at 150-200 bpm was required. Thirteen of the 15 documented
      sustained ventricular tachycardias could be induced by electrical stimulation
      (87%). In addition, 9 sustained ventricular tachycardias were induced in patients
      in whom the symptomatology corresponded to poorly tolerated tachycardia but in
      whom the documented arrhythmia was non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (4
      cases), frequent ventricular extrasystoles with doublets (2 cases) or rare,
      isolated ventricular extrasystoles (3 cases). The method was less sensitive in
      non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in which the arrhythmia was induced in 10
      of the 17 cases (59%). An antiarrhythmic drug was selected on the basis of these
      studies in 28 patients, 21 of whom had sustained ventricular tachycardia. There
      were 6 therapeutic failures with a follow-up of 6 to 24 months, three of which
      were observed in patients with coronary artery disease and a precarious
      haemodynamic state. This subgroup is not suitable for this type of evaluation.
      After reviewing other published series the authors emphasise the value of these
      investigations in chronic sustained ventricular tachycardia, in ventricular
      tachycardia with cardiovascular collapse and in the assessment of syncope of
      unknown origin. However, the systematic investigation of repetitive ventricular
      responses after ventricular stimulation in patients at high risk of sudden death
      remains controversial.

PMID- 6431930
TI  - [Angiographic study of the dynamics of the interventricular septum].
AB  - The interventricular septum was studied by biventricular angiography in 52
      patients divided into 4 groups: the first group consisted of 14 normal subjects;
      the second of 10 patients with hypertension (9 cases) or aortic stenosis (1
      case); the third, of 19 patients with echocardiographic asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy, and the fourth, of 9 cases of cardiomyopathy with dilatation. The
      following parameters were measured: septal thickness at 4 different points and
      mean septal thickness, the height (long axis) and surface of the septum in
      diastole and systole. The percentage variation was calculated. There were no
      significant differences between Group I and II; there was a significant
      difference (p less than 0,01) in the variations of septal thickness of the upper
      segments between Group I and III. This difference remained significant (p less
      than 0,05) for the variations of mean thickness between Group I (-38%) and Group
      III (-18%). There was also a significant difference (p less than 0,05) in the
      variation of height between Group I (23%) and Group IV (9%). None of the
      variations of septal surface reached the threshold of statistical significance
      between the four groups. Biventricular angiography can therefore demonstrate
      certain abnormalities of septal motion. In asymmetric septal hypertrophy, the
      variations in thickness are significantly less pronounced than in normal subjects
      but the motion in the longitudinal axis does not differ significantly. In
      cardiomyopathy with dilatation, however, the variation in septal height is the
      most affected parameter.

PMID- 6431931
TI  - [Sinoatrial and intra-atrial conductive disorders. The value of recording the
      sinus node potential].
AB  - Direct recording of the sinus node potential in the bipolar mode using two
      electrodes of a quadripolar recording catheter positioned in the region of the
      sinus node at the junction of the superior vena cava to the right atrium was
      performed in 24 patients. Asynchronous overdrive atrial pacing was carried out
      using Strauss 'technique. Pharmacological denervation was carried out using
      intravenous propranolol (0,02 mg/kg) and atropine (0,04 mg/kg) using Jose's
      technique. An intravenous injection of a bolus of 20 mg of ATP was given in 3
      cases. The sinus potential was identified by morphological criteria and confirmed
      after carotid sinus compression and atrial extrastimuli to exclude artefacts,
      especially the end of ventricular repolarisation of the preceding complex. The
      sinoatrial conduction time measured directly under basal conditions was
      considered normal when within 80 to 150 ms. Direct measurement of the sinus
      potential in the diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction seems to be less useful than
      the indirect techniques. On the other hand, it does confirm the diagnosis of
      sinoatrial block: five cases of special interest are described; in four cases the
      degree of sinoatrial block was variable: a significant increase of sinoatrial
      conduction time under basal conditions in 1 case; paroxysmal 3rd degree
      sinoatrial block revealed by programmed atrial stimulation in 2 cases; 2nd degree
      2/1 sinoatrial block after injection of ATP in which the direct sinoatrial
      conduction time and sinus node function had been considered to be normal (1
      case).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431932
TI  - [Aorto-septal angulation: a new cause of disorder in left ventricular ejection?
      (a 2-dimensional echocardiographic study apropos of 66 cases)].
AB  - Aorto-septal angulation is defined as an acute angled connection between the
      anterior aortic wall and the interventricular septum. It is quite a common 2D
      echo finding. Does it correspond to a simple anatomical curiosity or is it
      associated with certain well defined diseases? Could it be a cause of obstruction
      to left ventricular ejection? To try to answer these questions, 66 consecutive
      cases of aorto-septal angulation were analysed; the echocardiographic and
      clinical data were correlated. The dynamic features of angulation were studied
      during the cardiac cycle and the investigations were completed by a
      phonomecanogramme with pharmacodynamic stress tests. All patients had
      cardiovascular pathology: aorto-septal angulation was not observed in normal
      subjects. The dynamic 2D-echo study distinguished two types of angulation with
      respect to the cardiac cycle: predominantly diastolic angulation tending to
      correct itself in systole (16 patients: Group CI); the majority of these patients
      had severe compensated aortic regurgitation; fixed angulation with no significant
      change between diastole and systole (50 patients: Group C2). This group consisted
      of patients with ventricular deformation due to coronary artery disease and
      patients with hypertension associated in some cases with other pathologies.
      Phonomecanography with pharmacodynamic stress testing in Group C2 revealed the
      possibility of dynamic obstruction to left ventricular ejection (6 cases) and the
      apparition of an ejectional systolic murmur (2 cases). Aorto-septal angulation
      seems to be closely related to hypertension (57% of patients) irrespective of
      age. Therefore, it should not be classified exclusively as a change observed in
      the "aging heart" but it may be the direct consequence of an adaptation to
      systolic strain of the left ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431933
TI  - [Value of echocardiography in heart surgery].
AB  - Between October 15th 1981 and January 31st 1982, 297 echocardiogrammes were
      performed in the department of cardiac surgery at Broussais Hospital, 31 of which
      were requested and carried out as emergency procedures by day or night, 187 pre-
      or postoperatively and 79 in the out-patient clinic. M mode and 2D
      echocardiographies were performed at the bedside when necessary, namely in the
      intensive care unit pre- and postoperatively. The examination was performed by
      trained personnel, both in the out-patient clinic and in the intensive care unit.
      In the 31 cases in which the examination was requested as an emergency, the
      information obtained practically always contributed to establishing the right
      diagnosis and to correct therapeutic intervention. In 24 cases, the emergency
      occurred in the post-operative period: 18 cases of cardiac failure, of which
      echocardiography contributed to the indication of reoperation in 4 cases, the
      contra-indication of reoperation in 11 cases, and the need for emergency catheter
      studies in 2 cases. In one case the examination was unnecessary. In 6 other
      cases, suspected intracardiac thrombosis was excluded. There were 7 requests for
      emergency echocardiography in the preoperative period and the information
      obtained contributed to the indication for emergency surgery in 3 cases, and
      guided the operative strategy. The need for urgent surgery was refuted in 3
      cases. The examination was unnecessary in 1 case. The results of echocardiography
      were very reliable. It does not seem to have provided any misleading information;
      the examination was incomplete in only 10% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6431934
TI  - [Pericarditis and pulmonary embolism. A difficult differential diagnosis and a
      confusing association].
AB  - The association of pericarditis and pulmonary embolism may be the source of
      diagnostic error and delay in the administration of anticoagulant therapy. Two
      cases are reported. Pericarditis occurred late in patients with severe, chronic
      pulmonary embolism with electrocardiographic changes of acute cor pulmonale. Two
      physiopathological mechanisms for this association have been proposed. The first,
      haemodynamic, suggests friction between the pericardium and distended right
      ventricle and pulmonary artery. The second, an immunological hypothesis, compares
      the association of pericarditis and pulmonary embolism to that of the Dressler
      syndrome after myocardial infarction. This assimilation would imply the
      constitution of an anatomical pulmonary infarction. It is not justifiable to
      accept this pathogenesis on the evidence of transient pulmonary opacities
      resulting from intra-alveolar haemorrhage or of linear opacities of pulmonary
      atelectasis secondary to hypocapnic pneumoconstriction which are radiological
      signs of anatomo-physiological stages of pre-infarction.

PMID- 6431935
TI  - [Right ventricular fibroma. Value of different methods of invasive and
      noninvasive exploration].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 20 year old man with a primary cardiac tumour.
      The relative usefulness of invasive (catheterisation and angiography), and non
      invasive investigations (echocardiography, computerised axial tomography,
      myocardial scintigraphy and digitalised angiography) in determining operability
      and the benign or malignant nature of the tumour was evaluated. The patient was
      admitted to hospital for severe incapacitating effort dyspnoea. Cardiac
      auscultation was suggestive of pulmonary stenosis associated with tricuspid
      regurgitation. M mode and 2D echocardiography demonstrated a large mass within
      the right ventricular cavity and also its size shape, mobility and its
      relationship to the interventricular septum, tricuspid valve and the main
      pulmonary artery. Echo contrast studies confirmed tricuspid regurgitation and
      also demonstrated a patent foramen ovale. The cardiac CAT scan confirmed the
      preceding data. Myocardial scintigraphy demonstrated the vascular character of
      the tumour. Digitalised angiography showed the presence of a tumour in the right
      ventricle and the rest of the morphological information was identical to that
      obtained by conventional angiography. Cardiac catheterisation demonstrated an
      obstruction to right ventricular ejection and abnormal filling of both
      ventricles. It was the association of 2D echocardiography and Technetium 99
      myocardial scintigraphy which provided the most information. The results of the
      other investigations were not essential in deciding the operative indications. A
      230 g tumour was excised at surgery and the tricuspid valve replaced by a Hancock
      n 33 bioprosthesis. Anatomopathological examination showed the tumour to be a
      fibroma. The finding of a tricuspid diastolic rumble led to control catheter and
      angiographic studies 13 days after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431936
TI  - [Enhancement of the effect of captopril in the 1st 48 hours of treating
      refractory heart failure. A comparison with intravenous trinitrine].
AB  - The favourable haemodynamic effects of vasodilator drugs in refractory cardiac
      failure sometimes alter rapidly after the initial dose. This tachyphylactic
      phenomenon was looked for during captopril therapy in 14 patients with chronic
      cardiac failure resistant to digitalo-diuretic therapy and conventional
      vasodilator drugs. The average age of the patients was 64,4 +/- 3,8 years. Eleven
      patients had signs of congestive cardiac failure while the remaining three
      patients had only left ventricular failure. Four patients were classified as
      Stage III and the other ten Stage IV of the NYHA classification. Right heart
      catheter studies were performed with a Swan Ganz catheter and systemic pressures
      were measured by femoral artery catheterisation. Right and left pressures and
      cardiac output were measured under basal conditions, and 1 and 5 hours after a
      single dose of captopril (early and late periods). Captopril was given in between
      meals in 3 to 6 daily doses; in 10 of the 14 cases the dose was 50 mg 6 hourly.
      The haemodynamic parameters were recorded again during the early and late periods
      after the dose of captopril 24 and 48 hours after starting therapy. Captopril is
      a mixed vasodilator and is effective from the first hour of administration. It
      preferentially lowered pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) from 29,6 +/- 0,92 mmHg
      to 21,4 +/- 1,04 mmHg (delta PCP: -27,7%, p less than 0,01). Mean systemic blood
      pressure (MBP) fell less from 92,4 +/- 3,51 mmHg to 76,6 +/- 3,4 mmHg (delta MBP:
      -17%, p less than 0,01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6431937
TI  - [Electrophysiological effects of encainide in man].
AB  - Encainide is an antiarrhythmic agent under evaluation; it is effective in
      ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Its electrophysiological effects
      seem to differ according to the route of administration, oral or intravenous,
      probably because of the effects of active metabolites. Two electrophysiological
      studies were carried out in 20 patients, under basal conditions, and after 4 to
      10 days oral administration at doses ranging from 75 to 300 mg/day. Encainide
      depressed intra-atrial conduction (prolongation of the P-A interval from 29,7 +/-
      2,2 to 36 +/- 4,5 ms, p less than 0,01), slowed conduction in the
      atrioventricular mode (prolongation of the A-H interval from 74 +/- 14 to 98 +/-
      15 ms, p less than 0,01) and the His-Purkinje system (lengthening of H-V from 50
      +/- 3 to 70 +/- 6,2 ms, p less than 0,001). The sinus node function was depressed
      with lengthening of the corrected sinus node recovery time (297 +/- 64 to 387 +/-
      71 ms, p less than 0,01) and of the sinoatrial conduction time (173 +/- 25 to 219
      +/- 43, p less than 0,01). The atrial and ventricular refractory periods were
      significantly longer (245 +/- 16 ms to 273 +/- 10 ms, p less than 0,001, and 237
      +/- 12 to 266 +/- 19 ms, p less than 0,01, respectively). This new antiarrhythmic
      agent therefore seems to act at all levels which suggests that it may have wide
      ranging antiarrhythmic effects.

PMID- 6431938
TI  - [Indications for arteriography for chronic obliterative arteriopathy of the lower
      extremities].
AB  - The indications of aorto-arteriography and femoral arteriography in the
      investigation of chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs, were
      reviewed in 161 patients with respect to clinical parameters, age, associated
      risk factors, symptoms, the presence of a femoral pulse and with respect to
      treatment:revascularisation or not, and level of revascularisation. Ninety-four
      aorto-arteriographies and 67 femoral arteriographies were performed. Aortography
      was carried out more commonly in young patients (p less than 0,001) without
      associated risk factors, with exercise symptomatology (p less than 0,0001) and
      with reduced or absent femoral pulses (p less than 0,0001). Conversely, femoral
      arteriography was performed more frequently in elderly patients with associated
      diseases, in the presence of symptoms at rest and when the femoral pulses were
      present. The absence of revascularisation was not related to age, symptoms or
      type of arteriography performed. The level of revascularisation on the other
      hand, was related to clinical and angiographic parameters. An aorto-femoral
      revascularisation was performed more commonly in young patients (p less than
      0,01) with decreased or absent femoral pulses (p less than 0,001) in whom aorto
      arteriography had been performed (p less than 0,00001). The level of
      revascularisation was not related to clinical symptoms. An algorithm can be
      elaborated from this data on the respective indications of aorto-arteriography in
      the investigation of chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs based
      on clinical parameters and the therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 6431939
TI  - Cocaine abuse treatment. Open pilot trial with desipramine and lithium carbonate.
AB  - We conducted an open clinical trial of desipramine hydrochloride or lithium
      carbonate as adjuncts to psychotherapy in cocaine abusers. Subjects who were
      treated with desipramine hydrochloride showed marked decreases in a measure of
      cocaine craving after two to three weeks of treatment and became abstinent
      regardless of whether an affective disorder was also present. Lithium carbonate
      was effective only in cyclothymic subjects. Other subjects treated with lithium
      carbonate, as well as nonpharmacologically treated subjects, continued their
      cocaine use.

PMID- 6431940
TI  - True uterine diverticulum. A partial mullerian duct duplication?
AB  - True uterine diverticulum is an exceedingly rare entity. We report only the
      second case, to our knowledge, of a nulliparous uterus containing a diverticulum
      communicating with the endometrial cavity. True uterine diverticula probably
      arise from a localized duplication of the distal Mullerian duct on one side. They
      may be confused pathologically with uterine sacculations of pregnancy, but tend
      to have thicker walls. Associated conditions include "ectopic" pregnancy in the
      diverticulum, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal uterine bleeding.

PMID- 6431941
TI  - Telogen effluvium: hair loss after spinal cord injury.
AB  - A 26-year-old man sustained a C5 complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and displayed
      hysteric behavior which continued into the fourth month of hospitalization. Four
      months after injury, sudden loss of scalp hair was noted, consistent with
      psychogenic telogen effluvium. Other causes of hair loss were ruled out. During
      the sixth month, peak hair loss was noted over the back of the head. Four months
      after peak shedding, the loss of young club hairs was no longer observed.
      Recovery was complete seven months after peak loss, leaving a smaller permanent
      area of diffuse hair loss over the occiput. This pattern of hair loss has not
      been described previously in association with SCI.

PMID- 6431942
TI  - [Nonessential amino acid content in early weaned piglets following qualitatively
      and quantitively different protein supplies].
AB  - A total of 60 piglets of German Landrace weaned at the age of 2 weeks were fed ad
      libitum with isoenergetic diets of different proteins (casein + dried skim milk,
      soybean protein + dried skim milk, only soybean protein) and different protein
      levels in the diet (20, 27, 34, 40% in D.M.). After 4 weeks the piglets were
      homogenized and examined for their content of non essential amino acids in the
      whole body mass by ion exchange chromatography. On the fresh and dried material
      the content of the non essential amino acids Asx, Ser, Glx, Pro, Gly and Ala
      increased with the higher protein contents of the diet. Decreasing protein
      quality reduced the content of serine, whereas coincidently the concentration of
      glycine, especially on the protein levels of 20 and 27% in the diet increased. On
      the contrary the protein quality had no effect on the concentration of Asx, Glx,
      Pro and Ala. Related to the whole body protein the highest contents of the non
      essential amino acids, excepting serine, were found in piglets which got few
      protein of low quality. Influenced by the different protein supply the proportion
      of glycine to lysine varied from 1.28 to 2.17. The mentioned changes in the amino
      acid composition of the piglets are mainly discussed as shiftings in the
      proportion of organs and tissues and their protein composition.

PMID- 6431943
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolism in growing swine with special reference to the efficacy of
      lysine from various lysine sources].
AB  - The results of measurings of N-metabolism in relation to the utilisation of the
      limiting amino acids are discussed on the basis of N-balance experiments with 20
      growing female pigs (live weight 35-40 kg) with lysine-limited, highly digestible
      synthetic feed mixtures. Based on an N-utilisation model (Gebhardt, 1963),
      conclusions are drawn concerning the effectivity of lysine from various lysine
      sources. In accordance with literature, differences between synthetic lysine and
      microbial lysine concentrate could not be observed.

PMID- 6431944
TI  - [Exercise-induced pathophysiological changes in asthmatic children. VII. Late
      asthmatic response in exercise-induced asthma: changes in chemical mediators and
      effects of the use of a mask and drugs].

PMID- 6431945
TI  - Estradiol, testosterone, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipolytic
      enzymes in men with premature myocardial infarction and angiographically assessed
      coronary occlusion.
AB  - A series of thirty-three Venezuelan men with premature myocardial infarction
      (mean age (M +/- SEM) 45 +/- 1.5 yrs) and with greater than 50% occlusion of at
      least 2 coronary arteries, and 19 weight matched control men (age 44 +/- 2 yrs)
      with normal coronary arteries on coronary angiography were studied. The
      percentages of significantly abnormal (greater than +/- 2 S.D. of controls) serum
      or plasma concentrations of various measurements (in decreasing order) were:
      estradiol (33%), total apolipoprotein (apo)B (24%), estradiol/testosterone ratio
      (21%), low density lipoprotein (LDL) apo B (19%), apo AI (17%), apo AI/total
      plasma apo B ratio (17%), total cholesterol (17%), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)
      (11%). In addition, a multivariate discriminant function analysis showed that
      only estradiol, apo AI, LDL-C, estradiol/testosterone ratio and total cholesterol
      were statistically significant independent markers of myocardial infarction with
      occlusive coronary disease in these patients. Both serum estradiol and
      estradiol/testosterone ratio correlated positively with plasma apo B and LDL apo
      B, and inversely with apo AI; serum testosterone correlated inversely with plasma
      apo B (p less than 0.05). The data suggest that circulating sex hormones
      (estrogens, testosterone) are not only independent markers of coronary disease
      but may be pathogenetically linked to apo B and apo AI metabolism.

PMID- 6431946
TI  - Changes of apolipoprotein B molecular weight and immunoreactivity in
      malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoproteins.
AB  - ApoB molecular weight by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its
      immunoreactivity by either electroimmunoassay or radial immunodiffusion has been
      recorded in human malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoproteins.
      Malondialdehyde treatment of LDL leads to a reduction of the typical B-100 band
      and to the appearance of two heavier peptides that can be designated as B-126 and
      B-151 according to the centile nomenclature. A significant increase of the height
      of apoB rockets by electroimmunoassay and of the immunoprecipitates diameter by
      radial immunodiffusion was also recorded.

PMID- 6431947
TI  - [Localization of glycoconjugates in the tissue structures of man and animals].
AB  - By means of concanavalin A (Con A) labelled with fluorescein isotiocyonate in
      cryostate sections of some human and animal organs (skin, heart, thymus)
      localization of clycoconjugates containing hexoses and reacting with this lectin
      has been studied. Glycoconjugates are revealed along the periphery of all
      cellular elements, in Z-lines and in intercalated disks of the myocardial muscle
      fibers, in the connective tissue ground substance and also in that of the basal
      membranes of epithelium, endothelium, muscle fibers (sarcolemma), in cytoplasm of
      epithelioreticulocytes of the thymus. In fibroblasts of the L-cells culture,
      glycoconjugates are also localized in cytoplasm. When N-acetylglucosamin is added
      to the labelled Con A solution, the ability of lectin to react with tissue
      components is inhibited.

PMID- 6431948
TI  - [Selection of a method of tissue fixation for quantitative fluorescent
      microscopic study of protein transport].

PMID- 6431949
TI  - [Respiratory mycoplasmosis in surgical patients].
AB  - Respiratory organs of 35 patients older than 60 years, taken at random: dying
      after the operation with pneumonia, were studied. Pneumonia was of a various
      etiology, including respiratory mycoplasmosis in 13 patients. The latter was
      induced by Myc. pneumoniae, this being proved by immunofluorescent and
      serological examination. Small-focal lesions including characteristic changes of
      alveolocytes and bronchocytes were found in the lungs. Clinico-anatomical
      comparison allowed the conclusion that respiratory mycoplasmosis developed not
      infrequently before the operation.

PMID- 6431950
TI  - Efficacy of nifedipine therapy in patients with refractory angina pectoris:
      significance of the presence of coronary vasospasm.

PMID- 6431951
TI  - Effect of a single brief seizure on subsequent seizure susceptibility in the
      immature rat.
AB  - To determine whether a single seizure permanently affects the brain's
      susceptibility to further seizures, 27-day-old rats were subjected to a single
      seizure induced by either an electroshock or the administration of
      pentylenetetrazol. Three days following the seizure, the rats, along with age-
      and weight-matched control rats, underwent kindling. The rate of kindling did not
      differ between the control rats and those rats that had previously experienced a
      single electroshock or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure. At the present time,
      there is no conclusive evidence that a single brief seizure results in
      permanently increased susceptibility to future convulsions.

PMID- 6431952
TI  - Sucrose metabolism in situ by dental plaque in appliance-borne bovine enamel
      tooth fissure inserts in man.
AB  - Sucrose metabolism of dental plaque which accumulated in fissure-like spaces
      between small bovine enamel cubes on removable U-shaped appliances was analysed
      using radiolabelled techniques. The appliances were worn by 8 dental students for
      21 days. Half of the fissural inserts (3) on one wing of the appliance were
      exposed to a 10 per cent sucrose solution in normal saline and half (3) to normal
      saline as a control on the opposite wing, 8 x/day. At 21 days [14C]-sucrose (U)
      was applied directly to sucrose and saline-exposed inserts extra-orally for 60
      min at 37 degrees C (non-dispersed plaques, NDP). Adjacent inserts on both sides
      of the appliances were removed. The plaque was dispersed in buffer by sonication,
      cultured and was exposed to radiolabelled sucrose for the same incubation period
      (dispersed plaques, DP). The following observations were made: (1) quantitative
      values for sucrose consumption and lactic acid, cell-bound and insoluble product,
      soluble polysaccharide, carbon dioxide and total volatile acid formation did not
      differ between sucrose and saline exposed DP or sucrose- and saline-exposed NDP;
      (2) all DP consumed more sucrose and formed higher quantitative levels of all
      products than NDP counterparts, p less than 0.001; (3) sucrose-exposed DP and
      sucrose exposed NDP formed proportionally more lactic acid than saline-exposed
      counterparts, p less than 0.05; (4) sucrose-exposed NDP formed proportionally
      more lactic acid and less soluble polysaccharide than sucrose exposed DP, p less
      than 0.025; (5) concentrations of lactobacilli were higher in sucrose exposed
      plaques, p less than 0.049.

PMID- 6431953
TI  - Clinical, biochemical, and genetic features in familial disorders of high density
      lipoprotein deficiency.
AB  - This review assesses current knowledge of the clinical, genetic, and biochemical
      features of familial high density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency syndromes. The
      focus is on HDL deficiency states occurring in the absence of severe
      hypertriglyceridemia or lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. Specific
      entities falling within this category include Tangier disease, familial HDL
      deficiency with planar xanthomas, familial apolipoprotein A-I and C-III
      deficiency (formerly known as apolipoprotein A-I absence), familial deficiency of
      apolipoprotein A-I and C-III, fish-eye disease, familial
      hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and apolipoprotein A-I variants (apo A-I Milano, apo A
      I Marburg, apo A-I Giessen, and apo A-I Munster 1-3). Diffuse corneal
      opacification and premature coronary artery disease are common features in many
      of these kindreds. No striking clinical abnormalities have been noted in patients
      with currently known apolipoprotein A-I variants, possibly because these subjects
      are heterozygotes for their respective defects. The HDL deficiency in many of
      these disorders has been associated with abnormalities or deficiencies of
      apolipoprotein A-I. Further research will undoubtedly define the defects in all
      the disorders that have been described, uncover new mutations, as well as provide
      additional insights into the precise relationship between HDL deficiency and
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6431954
TI  - Physiologic and supraphysiologic increases in lipoprotein lipids and apoproteins
      in late pregnancy and postpartum. Possible markers for the diagnosis of
      "prelipemia".
AB  - A supraphysiologic (greater than 95th percentile) rise in plasma lipids in
      pregnancy may serve as a marker for "prelipemia" in the same way that gestational
      diabetes is a marker for prediabetes. To qualify as prelipemic, subjects with an
      abnormal lipid rise antepartum must return to normal postpartum but may have
      other identifying characteristics. This paper describes the antepartum-postpartum
      changes of lipoprotein lipids and apoproteins at 34 to 38 weeks of gestation and
      6 and 20 weeks postpartum in 23 subjects with physiologic and six subjects with
      supraphysiologic plasma lipid increases during pregnancy. These results are
      compared to measurements in 23 nonpregnant controls matched for weight, age, and
      race. In subjects with a physiologic antepartum lipid rise, postpartum total
      triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids (cholesterol and
      triglyceride) and apo B returned to baseline within 6 weeks. In contrast, low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) showed a slow postpartum decline in lipids and apo B
      with elevations remaining at 20 weeks postpartum. High density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol concentrations, elevated in pregnancy, remained elevated at 6 weeks
      postpartum, but fell to baseline by 20 weeks postpartum. HDL triglyceride and apo
      A-l concentrations, both elevated in pregnancy, returned to baseline by 6 weeks
      postpartum. A supraphysiologic triglyceride rise in pregnancy was associated with
      a slower return of total triglycerides and VLDL to baseline, reduced HDL
      cholesterol ante- and postpartum, atypical changes in LDL cholesterol during
      pregnancy and postpartum, and evidence of hyperlipidemia among family members.
      Two subjects with hypercholesterolemia in the nonpregnant state showed no marked
      exaggeration of total or LDL cholesterol concentrations in pregnancy. The data
      support the hypothesis that a supraphysiologic rise in plasma triglyceride
      concentrations in late pregnancy may serve as a marker of prelipemia. Proof of
      the hypothesis requires further investigation and longer follow-up.

PMID- 6431955
TI  - In vitro and in vivo interactions of Triton 1339 with plasma lipoproteins of
      normolipidemic rhesus monkeys. Preferential effects on high density lipoproteins.
AB  - Triton WR-1339 was incubated in vitro in various proportions with plasma from
      normolipidemic rhesus monkeys or with ultracentrifugally purified lipoproteins,
      and the products were examined by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation,
      agarose column chromatography, electrophoretic and immunochemical techniques, and
      electron microscopy. Some experiments used apo A-I, apo A-II, or Triton labeled
      with either 125I or 131I. At concentrations of less than 10 mg/ml plasma, Triton
      interacted preferentially with HDL, changing lipoprotein size and density; Triton
      was progressively incorporated into the HDL particles, displacing apo E, apo A-I,
      and apo A-II. At concentrations above 10 mg/ml plasma, Triton displaced all apo A
      I from the particle, and much lipid was dissolved into the Triton micelles. When
      Triton-treated HDL particles were used as a substrate for the enzyme LCAT, enzyme
      activity decreased in parallel to the displacement of apo A-I. There was no
      displacement of apo B from LDL nor any loss of lipids; but the particles became
      deformed and formed rouleaux. A single intravenous dose of Triton WR-1339
      administered to a normolipidemic monkey (N) and to a hypercholesterolemic monkey
      (H) resulted in concentration-dependent HDL changes similar to those observed in
      vitro. LDL was less affected by Triton, with changes occurring only at high
      doses. After these structural changes, intravenously injected 131I apo A-I
      disappeared rapidly from the circulation; 125I apo A-II disappeared less rapidly.
      These increased clearances were accompanied by a drop in apo A-I plasma levels
      and the disappearance of HDL particles from plasma. The lipoprotein and
      apolipoprotein patterns returned to normal 14 days after Triton. We conclude that
      Triton WR-1339, when exposed to rhesus plasma in vitro or in vivo, interacts
      preferentially with HDL in a dose-dependent manner. At low concentrations, Triton
      acts on surface components of the HDL particle; at higher concentrations, Triton
      penetrates the particle, causing structural disruption. Because of its high
      affinity for HDL, Triton WR-1339 is a useful reagent for study of HDL structure
      function relationships.

PMID- 6431956
TI  - The use of ultrasound and an EDTA-urea peroxide compound in the cleansing of root
      canals. An SEM study.

PMID- 6431957
TI  - Absence status: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two known epileptics presented with abnormal behaviour. One was inattentive,
      aggressive and ataxic. The other carried out quite complex, though purposeless
      activity. EEG's revealed that the patients' behavioural abnormalities were due to
      uncontrolled seizures. Absence Status is an uncommon condition and its various
      manifestations can lead to delays in its recognition and treatment. It should be
      considered as a possible diagnosis in any patient who presents with recurring
      episodes of confusion.

PMID- 6431959
TI  - Effectiveness of neonatal intensive care policies.

PMID- 6431958
TI  - Oral mucosal complications in cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Complications involving the oropharyngeal mucosa occur commonly in patients
      receiving chemotherapy for cancer. This communication presents a classification
      and description of the principal changes encountered, and suggests guidelines for
      their management.

PMID- 6431960
TI  - Hyperconnection.

PMID- 6431961
TI  - Malnutrition and oxygen at high pressure: influence on collagen synthesis in lung
      and heart of the newborn rat.
AB  - Rat dams were divided into a malnourished group fed 6% protein and a control
      group fed 25% protein. Newborns were selected from the two groups for injection
      with 14C-proline. Half of those injected were exposed to oxygen averaging 60
      psig. Malnutrition impaired collagen synthesis in the lung as early as day 10 and
      in the heart at day 5. At day 20 and 30, pups from malnourished dams showed less
      severe convulsion than did the controls. Malnourished group displayed less
      adverse effect on lung and heart relative to body weight than did controls. Lung
      and heart collagen content in the malnourished group at days 15 and 10,
      respectively, were less than the controls. Between day 5 and day 20, OHP does not
      affect the metabolism of the lung and heart connective tissues, but it does by
      day 30. Malnutrition affects collagen metabolism of the heart earlier than it
      does the lung.

PMID- 6431962
TI  - Adaptation of anterior pituitary hormones to chronic noise stress in male rats.
AB  - We have studied the effects of acute and chronic noise on serum levels of
      pituitary hormones in male Wistar rats. Acute noise increased serum levels of
      corticosterone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone and decreased serum GH. FSH
      was unaffected by this stressor. Chronic noise did not modify basal levels of any
      hormone studied, however responsiveness of some hormones to the same stimuli was
      altered. Reduced corticosterone, prolactin, and GH responses to noise was
      observed after previous chronic exposure to this stimuli. LH response followed
      the same pattern although it did not reach statistical significance. It might be
      concluded that adaptation to a repeated stress stimulus is not confined to the
      pituitary-adrenal axis, however, the degree of adaptation could vary between
      different hormones.

PMID- 6431963
TI  - The influence of dietary methionine, protein, and energy levels on glutamic
      oxalacetate and glutamic-pyruvate transaminases of chicken.
AB  - The variations were tested in dietary methionine, protein, and caloric density on
      the glutamic-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase
      (GTP). The GOT was not affected by the protein and methionine levels either in
      the plasma or liver. Plasma GTP tended to increase (P less than 0.01) between
      0.28% and 0.44% methionine levels in experiment I and between 0.26% and 0.50% in
      experiment 2. In the liver, the GTP activity was similar in both experiments. The
      interaction between methionine + cystine and protein was significant in their
      effect on the GTP activity. This enzyme decreased in the plasma with increasing
      methionine + cystine level, while it increased with increasing protein level. The
      GTP activity was negatively correlated (r = -0.52) with the energy level in the
      liver. From the trends of the GTP activity, the minimum and optimum methionine
      levels in broiler diets can be derived.

PMID- 6431964
TI  - Nonselective amplification of ribosomal DNA repeat units in compensating
      genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Compensation is a mechanism by which the X-chromosome nucleolus organizer region
      of Drosophila melanogaster can increase its ribosomal DNA content up to twofold.
      It occurs in somatic cells under specific genetic conditions and is mediated by a
      defined genetic site, the compensatory response locus. The In- and various type I
      ribosomal DNA repeat units were separated by restriction endonuclease digestion.
      Comparison of the percentages of these repeat unit types between compensating and
      noncompensating genotypes showed the same distribution. Therefore no selective
      amplification of these repeat unit types occurs during ribosomal DNA
      compensation. These results demonstrate that two processes of rDNA amplification
      in somatic cells, compensation and independent rDNA polytenization, are exclusive
      events.

PMID- 6431965
TI  - The purification and biochemical properties of alcohol dehydrogenase--"fast
      (Chateau Douglas)" from Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase has been purified from Drosophila melanogaster lines
      bearing the AdhF, AdhS, and AdhFCh.D. alleles. Biochemical investigations show
      that the properties of the purified enzymes are very similar to those of crude
      enzyme extracts except that the pure enzymes are more heat stable. ADH-FCh.D.
      resembles ADH-S very closely in specific activity, substrate specificity, and a
      number of kinetic parameters including limiting values for Km(app.) for ethanol.
      However, it is considerably more heat stable than either of the two common
      variants. ADH-F differs from ADH-S and ADH-FCh.D. particularly with regard to the
      rate of oxidation of secondary alcohols. Atomic absorbtion spectroscopy shows
      that all three allozymes lack zinc or other divalent cations as active-site
      components. Peptide mapping experiments identify one very active cysteinyl
      residue; and amide residues in the NAD+ binding domain.

PMID- 6431966
TI  - The existence of LSP-1 beta S in Drosophila melanogaster natural populations in
      two northern states.
AB  - LSP-1 beta S is present in Michigan and Massachusetts Drosophila melanogaster
      natural populations. Its frequency, 10%, is significantly higher in an East
      Jordan, Mich. (latitude, 45.10 degrees N), population than in East Lansing, Mich.
      (latitude 42.44 degrees N), or Hadley, Mass. (latitude, 42.21 degrees N),
      populations, where it averages 3% at each location. The average frequency of LSP
      2S is more comparable, 6, 5, and 7% at East Jordan, East Lansing, and Hadley,
      respectively. LSP-1 gamma F variants are also present. A total of 342 single
      third-instar larvae was scored for LSP-1 autosomal variants, and 323 for LSP-2
      variants. Each larva represented a newly established isofemale line from
      collections at East Jordan in 1981 and 1983, East Lansing in 1982, and Hadley in
      1981, 1982, and 1983. Within localities, frequencies of hemolymph protein
      variants did not differ significantly between years. Proteins 9, 10, 11, and 15
      correspond to the LSP-1 gamma, beta, and alpha triplet and LSP-2 polypeptide in
      D. melanogaster. Our results together with those of Singh and Coulthart [(1982).
      Genetics 102:437] indicate that D. melanogaster populations in north temperate
      climates maintain considerable genetic heterogeneity for the larval hemolymph
      proteins.

PMID- 6431967
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from guinea-pig liver mitochondria.
      Immunological evidence for increase in enzyme amount during neonatal development.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was purified from mitochondria of guinea-pig
      liver by affinity chromatography on GMP-Sepharose. The enzyme was purified 100
      fold to a high degree of electrophoretic homogeneity as judged by detection of a
      single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. The yield was
      about 16%. The Mr of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 68500 +/- 680 by
      analysis on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Antibodies raised in
      rabbits against the purified enzyme were highly specific for mitochondrial
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and did not precipitate the cytosolic form of
      this enzyme from either rat or guinea-pig liver cytosol. The use of this antibody
      showed that starvation does not increase the amount of the enzyme. However,
      neonatal-development-dependent increase in its activity is shown to be mediated
      by accumulation of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase-specific protein.

PMID- 6431968
TI  - Rat liver mitochondria prepared in mannitol media demonstrate increased
      mitochondrial volumes compared with mitochondria prepared in sucrose media.
      Relationship to the effect of glucagon on mitochondrial function.
AB  - Liver mitochondria isolated from glucagon-treated rats by using both mannitol-
      and sucrose-based media showed enhanced uncoupled succinate oxidation, pyruvate
      metabolism and citrulline synthesis. Mitochondria prepared in mannitol medium
      showed some stimulation of these parameters compared with those prepared in
      sucrose medium. This was accompanied by an increase in matrix volume of about
      20%. Some [14C]mannitol became permanently associated with mitochondria during
      preparation. It is suggested that mannitol may enter mitochondria during their
      preparation and cause swelling. The presence of 4mM-phosphate in the sucrose
      isolation medium stimulated the same parameters as did glucagon treatment, and
      also caused an increase in matrix volume of about 20%. These results confirm the
      conclusion that the mitochondrial volume may be important in the regulation of
      mitochondrial metabolism. They contradict the conclusion of others [Siess (1983)
      Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 364, 279-290, 835-838] that mannitol rather than
      sucrose should be used when studying hormonal effects on mitochondrial
      metabolism. Reasons for the discrepancies in the results between groups studying
      the effects of hormones on mitochondrial metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 6431969
TI  - Increased activity of plasminogen activators during involution of the rat ventral
      prostate.
AB  - Plasminogen activator was measured in the ventral prostates of non-castrated,
      castrated, and androgen-treated rats to determine whether changes in this
      activity correlated with the process of glandular involution. While the activity
      was very low in cytosolic extracts from the prostates of non-castrated rats, 2
      days following castration the plasminogen activator activity increased in a near
      linear fashion such that by day 7 it was 10-fold higher in terms of specific
      activity (per mg of protein) and cellular concentration (per mg of DNA). During
      this interval there was a rapid decrease in the cell population of the prostates.
      Treatment of the 7-day castrated rats with the potent androgen,
      dihydrotestosterone, both reduced the plasminogen activator activity and restored
      the cell number in a dose-related manner. Gel electrophoretic analysis revealed
      two major bands of plasminogen activator activity in the cytosolic extracts from
      4- and 7-day castrated rats, plus additional minor bands in samples from 10- and
      14-day castrated rats. Approx. 10% of the cellular concentration of plasminogen
      activator activity was recovered in association with an 18000g pellet fraction
      from the prostates; this fraction showed less heterogeneity of the plasminogen
      activator forms as observed by gel electrophoresis. Inhibitor studies indicated
      that the 18000g pellet fraction from the prostates of non-castrated rats
      possessed some plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, but the relative
      concentration of the inhibitor activity was small. We conclude that the
      involution of the prostate is probably associated with increased synthesis of
      plasminogen activators through a de-repression process which may involve loss of
      androgen receptors.

PMID- 6431970
TI  - Proteolytic and chemical dissection of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter.
AB  - Treatment of the purified, reconstituted, human erythrocyte glucose transporter
      with trypsin lowered its affinity for cytochalasin B more than 2-fold, and
      produced two large, membrane-bound fragments. The smaller fragment (apparent Mr
      18000) ran as a sharp band on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. When the transporter was photoaffinity labelled with [4
      3H]cytochalasin B before tryptic digestion, this fragment became radiolabelled
      and so probably comprises a part of the cytochalasin B binding site, which is
      known to lie on the cytoplasmic face of the erythrocyte membrane. In contrast,
      the larger fragment was not radiolabelled, and ran as a diffuse band on
      electrophoresis (apparent Mr 23000-42000). It could be converted to a sharper
      band (apparent Mr 23000) by treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase from
      Bacteroides fragilis and so probably contains one or more sites at which an
      oligosaccharide of the poly(N-acetyl-lactosamine) type is attached. Since the
      transporter bears oligosaccharides only on its extracellular domain, whereas
      trypsin is known to cleave the protein only at the cytoplasmic surface, this
      fragment must span the membrane. Cleavage of the intact, endo-beta-galactosidase
      treated, photoaffinity-labelled protein at its cysteine residues with 2-nitro-5
      thiocyanobenzoic acid yielded a prominent, unlabelled fragment of apparent Mr
      38000 and several smaller fragments which stained less intensely on
      SDS/polyacrylamide gels. Radioactivity was found predominantly in a fragment of
      apparent Mr 15500. Therefore it appears that the site(s) labelled by [4
      3H]cytochalasin B lies within the N-terminal or C-terminal third of the intact
      polypeptide chain.

PMID- 6431971
TI  - Dietary-induced increase in lactase activity and in immunoreactive lactase in
      adult rat jejunum.
AB  - Adult rats that had been fed on a low-starch high-fat diet for 7 days were force
      fed with either the same diet or isoenergetic diets containing 40% of energy as
      either sucrose or lactose. Within 12h, the increase in jejunal lactase activity
      in sucrose- and lactose-fed rats was accompanied by a corresponding increase in
      immunoreactive lactase protein.

PMID- 6431972
TI  - Different efflux rates may determine the cellular accumulation of various
      bis(guanylhydrazones).
AB  - Three bis(guanylhydrazones) (those of methylglyoxal, glyoxal and ethylglyoxal)
      were compared for their affinity for the putative polyamine carrier and for their
      cellular retention in L1210 mouse leukaemia cells. All the bis(guanylhydrazones)
      inhibited equally effectively the uptake of spermidine by the tumour cells,
      indicating that the compounds had roughly equal affinity for the polyamine
      carrier. The fact that methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and glyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) were much more effectively concentrated in the animal cells
      than was ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was obviously attributable to the
      finding that the efflux rate of ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) greatly
      exceeded that of the other bis(guanylhydrazones). The rate of efflux of the drugs
      was slowed down if the tumour cells were treated with 2-difluoromethylornithine
      before exposure to the bis(guanylhydrazones). These results suggest that
      intracellular binding of the bis(guanylhydrazones) determines their cellular
      accumulation.

PMID- 6431973
TI  - Dynamic interaction between functional groups in the active site of glycogen
      phosphorylase b.
AB  - The quenching of coenzyme fluorescence in glycogen phosphorylase b is
      reinvestigated. Data with anionic quenchers show deviations from the original
      Stern-Volmer kinetics. A kinetic analysis based on measured lifetime data
      indicates a collisional quenching process, which is, however, not diffusion
      controlled. It is proposed, that the quenching takes place primarily by enzyme
      bound quencher species. The observed inhibition of the enzyme reaction by I- and
      IO-3 is consistent with this hypothesis. The inhibition pattern and spectral
      investigation refer to a true competition with the substrate, glucose-1
      phosphate. So, this dynamic quenching can be regarded as an indicator of rapid
      conformational fluctuations which bring the two important active-site groups in
      contact. Effect of ligand binding on the quenching of coenzyme fluorescence
      should also be revaluated according to these results.

PMID- 6431974
TI  - Essentiality of the small subunit (B) in the catalysis of RuBP
      carboxylase/oxygenase is not related to substrate-binding in the large subunit
      (A).
AB  - The small subunit (B) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase
      from Aphanothece halophytica is absolutely required for the catalysis, but
      depletion of subunit B does not significantly affect the formation of the
      quaternary complex-[enzyme.activator CO2.Mg.carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate] in
      the catalytic core. The inhibition of RuBP carboxylase activity by the reaction
      of the epsilon-amino group of a lysine in the RuBP-binding site with pyridoxal 5
      P is the same whether subunit B is added to the catalytic core before or after
      the inactivating reaction. The function of subunit B is not related to the
      substrate binding.

PMID- 6431975
TI  - TPA-induced contraction of isolated rabbit vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Myosin light chain phosphorylation may not regulate the sustained phase of
      vascular smooth muscle contraction. Another, unidentified, calcium-dependent
      pathway may be involved in this process. TPA, an activator of C-kinase, at
      concentrations of 10 to 333 nM induces a calcium-dependent contraction of
      vascular smooth muscle which develops slowly but progressively to reach values of
      50-300 mm Hg. Arteries exposed to the ionophore A23187, in a calcium-free medium,
      display a uniform series of contractile responses when exposed to 1.5 mM Ca2+ for
      2 min once every 10 min. Exposure to 100 nM TPA as well as ionophore leads to a
      progressive enhancement of these calcium-induced, contractile responses. Arteries
      stimulated by brief (10 sec), repetitive (every 3 min) electrical pulses, respond
      with a series of comparable phase 1 responses. Prior exposure of vessels to 10 nM
      TPA, causes a progressive increase in the magnitude of these responses to
      repetitive electrical stimulation. Addition of 25 microM forskolin, an activator
      of adenylate cyclase, to TPA-treated, partially-contracted muscle leads to the
      immediate inhibition of the TPA-induced contraction. These data suggest that the
      activation of C-kinase plays a significant role in regulating vascular smooth
      muscle contraction.

PMID- 6431976
TI  - Ester synthesis catalyzed by polyethylene glycol-modified lipase in benzene.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase, which catalyzes hydrolysis of emulsified triglycerides or
      water-insoluble esters, was modified with 2,4-bis(o-methoxy-polyethylene glycol)
      6-chloro-s-triazine(activated PEG2). The modified lipase, in which 55% of the
      total amino groups in the lipase molecule, was soluble in organic solvents such
      as benzene, toluene, chloroform and dioxane. The modified lipase could catalyze
      ester synthesis reaction in benzene. When very hydrophobic substrates of lauryl
      alcohol and stearic acid were used, the ester synthesis reaction proceeded
      efficiently in the transparent benzene solution with the maximum activity of
      approximate 5.0 mumoles/min/mg of protein. Ester exchange and aminolysis
      reactions were also conducted with the modified lipase in benzene.

PMID- 6431977
TI  - Oxygen-dependent conjugation of dopa with cysteine catalysed by iron-EDTA
      complex.
AB  - Cytotoxicity of catechols has been ascribed to their binding with proteins
      through sulfhydryl groups. The possibility that iron-protein complexes catalyse
      this type of covalent binding was studied with a model system. Reaction of dopa
      and cysteine catalysed by iron-EDTA complexes at physiological pH resulted in the
      formation of not only cystine but also conjugation products, cysteinyldopas among
      which 5-S-cysteinyldopa was the major product. The reaction required iron ion,
      EDTA, and molecular oxygen. Fe3+ and Fe2+ were equally effective, while other
      transition metal ions examined had no effect on the formation of cysteinyldopas.
      Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and scavengers of hydroxyl radical inhibited to
      some extents the formation of 5-S-cysteinyldopa. Addition of both catalase and
      superoxide dismutase resulted in approximately 60% inhibition. These results
      indicated that the iron-EDTA-catalysed conjugation of dopa with cysteine was
      mainly mediated by hydroxyl radical.

PMID- 6431978
TI  - Activation of prostacyclin synthesis in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells by
      'diuretic-antihypertensive' drugs.
AB  - In cultured smooth muscle cells of rat aorta, four diuretic agents, furosemide,
      bumetanide, cicletanide and piretanide (all at 10(-6)-10(-5) M), significantly
      enhanced the transformation of exogenously added arachidonic acid (AA) to
      prostacyclin. Studies with cultured smooth muscle cells and human leukocytes
      revealed that these same agents failed to inhibit lipoxygenase pathways. Taken
      together, these results indicate that the diuretic properties of these agents
      might be associated with a general activation of the AA cascade.

PMID- 6431979
TI  - Effect of intrabiliary administration of Triton X-100 on biliary excretory
      function in the rat.
AB  - Intrabiliary administration of Triton X-100 is of interest in producing effects
      on biliary tree permeability and canalicular biliary excretory function.
      Treatment with 0.4% Triton (40 microliter) was shown to increase the biliary
      excretion of intraportally administered [3H]sucrose. It also decreased recovery
      of [3H]sucrose given into the biliary tree. Thus, we concluded that Triton
      treatment increased biliary tree permeability. Using a different set of marker
      compounds, canalicular transport of bromphenol blue, [14C]morphine glucuronide
      and [3H]ouabain was found to be decreased. The fact that [3H] taurocholate
      excretion into bile was not affected whereas that of [3H]ouabain was lends
      support to the concept that taurocholate and ouabain are not transported by a
      common pathway.

PMID- 6431980
TI  - Evidence against involvement of calcium in carbon tetrachloride-dependent
      inhibition of lipid secretion by isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced inhibition of very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL) secretion was studied in isolated hepatocytes. The hypothesis that
      inhibition of secretion is due to altered calcium homeostasis following CCl4
      dependent inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum calcium sequestration was
      investigated. Inhibition of VLDL secretion by CCl4 was not dependent on
      extracellular calcium, since inhibition occurred when extracellular calcium was
      reduced to 0.1 microM. CCl4 inhibited hepatocyte VLDL secretion more rapidly than
      it inhibited microsomal calcium sequestration. Further, the concentration of CCl4
      that produced half-maximal inhibition of VLDL secretion was about one-half the
      concentration required to produce half-maximal inhibition of microsomal calcium
      sequestration. The calcium ionophore A23187 did not mimic the action of CCl4 in
      inhibiting VLDL secretion under conditions in which A23187 altered cellular
      calcium homeostasis. The results that an alteration of calcium homeostasis is not
      involved in inhibition of VLDL secretion by carbon tetrachloride.

PMID- 6431981
TI  - Preparation and characterization of subcellular fractions suitable for studies of
      drug metabolism from the trunk kidney of the Northern pike (Esox lucius) and
      assay of certain enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in these subfractions.
AB  - The present study was designed to prepare and characterize subcellular fractions
      from the trunk kidney of the Northern pike (Esox lucius), with special emphasis
      on the preparation of a microsomal fraction suitable for studying xenobiotic
      metabolism. The purity of the different fractions obtained by differential
      centrifugation, as well as the recovery of different organelles, was determined
      using both enzyme markers and morphological examination with the electron
      microscope. Finally, the subcellular distributions of several drug-metabolizing
      enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADH-ferricyanide reductase, glutathione
      transferase, epoxide hydrolase) were determined. With the exception of NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase, the subcellular distributions obtained here for drug
      metabolizing and marker enzymes closely resembled those reported for rat liver.
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was apparently partially solubilized here from
      microsomal vesicles by an endogenous protease, which reduced its usefulness as a
      marker enzyme and raises questions concerning the measurement of activities
      catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 system in these subfractions. In other respects
      the microsomes and supernatant fraction prepared here from the trunk kidney of
      the pike seem to be as well suited for investigations of drug metabolism as are
      the corresponding fractions from rat and pike liver.

PMID- 6431982
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by sodium 2-[4-(2
      oxocyclopentylmethyl)phenyl] propionate dihydrate (CS-600), a new anti
      inflammatory drug, and its active metabolite in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - A new anti-inflammatory agent, sodium 2-[4-(2
      oxocyclopentylmethyl)phenyl]propionate dihydrate (CS-600), was investigated for
      its inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vivo and in vitro. CS-600
      caused a marked decrease in the level of urinary PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in rats. The
      dose of CS-600 which resulted in a 50% decrease of urinary PGE2 excretion was 1.9
      mg/kg, p.o., and this value agreed well with the ID50 of the drug for carrageenin
      edema (1.2 mg/kg, p.o.). This suggests that CS-600 inhibits prostaglandin
      synthesis in vivo. However, CS-600 had only weak inhibitory activity against in
      vitro prostaglandin synthesis by bovine seminal vesicle microsomes (IC50:760
      microM). A main plasma metabolite of CS-600, which was produced by stereospecific
      reduction of the cyclopentanone moiety to transhydroxy cyclopentane, exhibited
      potent inhibitory activity toward the prostaglandin synthetase of bovine seminal
      vesicle microsomes (IC50:11 microM). In cell cultures of 3T6 fibroblasts from
      mice, CS-600 inhibited production of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha by the cells at low
      concentrations (IC50 for PGE2:1.6 microM). The active metabolite exhibited more
      potent inhibition (IC50:0.29 microM), and conversion of CS-600 into the active
      metabolite occurred in the cell system. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in
      the membrane fraction of the fibroblast cells was also investigated. Available
      evidence indicates that CS-600 is a pro-drug and exerts its pharmacological
      activities after conversion to the active metabolite.

PMID- 6431983
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate intake on phenobarbital-, polychlorinated biphenyl- and 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced enhancement of drug oxidation in rat liver.

PMID- 6431984
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent lipid peroxidation in reconstituted membrane vesicles.

PMID- 6431985
TI  - Peroxisome-associated enzymes and serum lipids in tumour-bearing rats treated
      with peroxisome-proliferating agents.
AB  - Xenobiotic induction of liver peroxisomes is associated with hypolipidemia. To
      test the involvement of the peroxisome proliferation with the hypolipidemia, male
      rats were inoculated in the groin with five different tumors: an aflatoxin
      induced hepatoma, a lasiocarpine-induced hepatoma, an actinomycin-D-induced
      mesothelioma, a lasiocarpine-induced squamous cell carcinoma, and a
      methylnitrosourea-induced fibrosarcoma. After the tumours reached a suitable
      size, the rats were fed diets containing the peroxisome-proliferating
      hypolipidemic agents tibric acid (2-chloro-5-[3,5-dimethylpiperidinosulfonyl]
      benzoic acid) or Wy-14,643 ([4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic
      acid) for 2 weeks. Liver and tumor tissues were then assayed for the peroxisome
      associated enzymes, catalase and carnitine acetyltransferase, and correlated with
      serum levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. The presence of the tumors caused a
      predictable decrease in liver catalase and a slight elevation of liver carnitine
      acetyltransferase. Serum cholesterol was elevated slightly, while serum
      triglyceride levels were elevated, unchanged, or decreased in the tumor-bearing
      rats maintained on control diet. Inclusion of the xenobiotics in the diet caused
      increases in liver weight, catalase, and carnitine acetyltransferase. Serum
      triglycerides were decreased in the three groups which were not already
      decreased, but a decrease in serum cholesterol was only found in one group after
      only one of the treatments. The latter finding demonstrates that peroxisomal
      enzyme induction can be dissociated from the decrease in serum cholesterol. The
      data were further evaluated by testing for correlations between the changes in
      these components, comparing changes within groups and between groups. These
      correlations indicate an inverse biological association between liver catalase
      and serum cholesterol and between liver carnitine acetyltransferase and serum
      triglyceride. The latter correlation was inverse only for comparisons between
      groups, suggesting that carnitine acetyltransferase activity is associated with
      serum triglycerides only during the perturbational state.

PMID- 6431986
TI  - Simultaneous and independent versus antagonistic inhibition of muscle carbonic
      anhydrase (CA III) by acetazolamide and cyanate.
AB  - The inhibition by cyanate and acetazolamide of pig muscle carbonic anhydrase III
      (CA III) CO2 hydratase activity was studied in order to explore mechanistic
      features possibly unique to the muscle isoenzyme. The turnover number for CO2
      hydration was found to be 6000 sec-1 with a Km of 83 mM for CO2. Cyanate
      inhibition (Ki, 3 microM) and acetazolamide inhibition (Ki, 44 microM) were both
      found to be noncompetitive with respect to CO2. Significantly, acetazolamide and
      cyanate displayed non-exclusive binding to pig muscle carbonic anhydrase. The
      similarity of mode and degree of inhibition of muscle carbonic anhydrase by
      cyanate as compared with the inhibition of the erythrocyte isoenzymes suggests
      the existence of a similar metal environment. However, the observation that
      cyanate and acetazolamide bind simultaneously to CA III and the comparatively
      large Ki for acetazolamide per se appear to be more compatible with a different
      mode of coordination of the zinc with the sulfonamide, thus supporting a five
      coordinate zinc in the catalytic mechanism of CO2 hydration for CA III.

PMID- 6431987
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of nitrosamines and nitramines which stimulate
      UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in vitro.
AB  - Examination of twelve nitrosamines and seven nitramines revealed that nitramines
      modify UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in a manner similar to that of
      nitrosamines. Only N,N-diethyl-substituted nitrosamine and nitramine
      significantly stimulated transferase activity toward 2-aminophenol and 4
      nitrophenol but not toward phenolphthalein and androsterone. Elongation of the
      alkyl chains or introduction of carboxy, hydroxy, or oxo groups into the alkyl
      chains did not result in stimulatory ability, and some of these compounds
      inhibited the transferase activity.

PMID- 6431988
TI  - Inactivation of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase by sulfhydryl-reactive
      derivatives of menadione.
AB  - Five derivatives of menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) having
      electronegative substituents on allylic carbons were prepared for study as
      sulfhydryl-reactive inactivators of mouse liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase. Each of these naphthoquinones, incubated with dilute suspensions of
      microsomes, produced a loss of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity proportional
      to the initial naphthoquinone concentration. Each of the compounds also reacted
      with cysteine, as evidenced in the case of the halogenated compounds, by loss of
      reactive sulfhydryl groups and, in the case of 2-p-nitrophenoxymenadione, by the
      displacement of the leaving group, p-nitrophenol. Menadione, incubated under
      identical conditions, did not inactivate NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and was
      unreactive with cysteine. The requirement for a halogen or a nitrophenoxy
      substituent on at least one of the allylic carbons suggested that the mechanism
      of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase inactivation involves attack on critical
      microsomal nucleophiles, possibly sulfhydryl groups. The possible significance of
      these findings is discussed in relation to the antitumor activity and
      bioactivation of the halomethyl naphthoquinones.

PMID- 6431989
TI  - Role of the liver in the disposition of intravenous nitroglycerin in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that the liver is the main site of nitroglycerin
      (NTG) elimination when the drug is systematically infused. To examine this
      hypothesis, we measured the apparent systemic clearance (Cls) of nitroglycerin in
      anesthesized rats receiving a constant intravenous infusion at a dose of 100
      micrograms per kg per min. Animals were divided into shunt and sham groups; the
      former had undergone a portal vein ligation 10 days prior to the study, while the
      latter was subjected to a sham operation. On the study day, half of the animals
      of each group also received probenecid at 200 mg/kg, i.v., a drug previously
      reported to inhibit organic nitrate ester reductase (ONER) activity in rat liver.
      Arterial NTG samples were obtained at 41, 43 and 45 min of infusion in all four
      experimental groups; Cls was 439 +/- 32 ml per kg per min (mean +/- S.E.) in
      sham, 460 +/- 44 in sham and probenecid, 477 +/- 39 in shunt, and 461 +/- 34 in
      shunt and probenecid animals. During NTG infusion, hepatic blood flow (measured
      with a constant infusion of indocyanine green) was decreased markedly in shunted
      rats as was liver/body weight, indicating hepatic atrophy. The specific activity
      of hepatic ONER was similar in all four groups. In spite of marked differences in
      hepatic blood flow and hepatic mass, the Cls was similar in all four groups. The
      liver does not appear to be a major site for the elimination of systemic
      nitroglycerin as hitherto assumed.

PMID- 6431990
TI  - Effects of monocrotaline treatment on norepinephrine removal by isolated,
      perfused rat lungs.

PMID- 6431991
TI  - Stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis by nizofenone.
AB  - The effect of nizofenone on prostacyclin synthesis was investigated using rat
      arterial walls. Incubation of arterial walls with [14C] arachidonic acid resulted
      in a time-dependent formation of prostacyclin, which was radiochromatographically
      detected as the stable breakdown product, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha. The
      addition of nizofenone dose-dependently stimulated the prostacyclin formation,
      and significant increases of 47 and 106% were observed at 0.1 and 0.3 mM,
      respectively. No stimulation of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2 synthesis was
      observed in the experiments with ram seminal vesicle microsomes and human
      platelet microsomes. These findings suggest that nizofenone has a selective
      stimulatory action on prostacyclin synthesis.

PMID- 6431992
TI  - Biochemical studies on the ability of pentamethylmelamine to interact in vivo
      with DNA and proteins in a sensitive murine ovarian reticular cell sarcoma.
AB  - The metabolism of 14C-PMM and its irreversible interaction with DNA and proteins
      were studied in M5076/73A reticular cell sarcoma, a murine solid tumor previously
      shown to be sensitive to the drug. Metabolism and irreversible binding were
      determined 0.25, 1, 8 and 104 hours after a single i.p. injection of
      radiolabelled PMM, tumor and liver macromolecular binding were compared with two
      differently 14C-labelled PMM, i.e. ring- and methyl-PMM. Ring-PMM derived
      macromolecular binding appeared to have more relevance in vivo and had a similar
      time profile in both liver and tumor. Ring-PMM derived DNA binding was then
      related to metabolic steps between PMM and 2,2,4,6 TMM and 2,2,4,6 TMM itself and
      2,4,6 TriMM.

PMID- 6431993
TI  - A mathematical model of the kinetics of 5-fluorouracil and its catabolites in
      freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - A mathematical model for the kinetics of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) catabolism in
      liver cells is proposed. It is based on published data for the metabolism of FUra
      by isolated rat hepatocytes. The model relies on biochemical knowledge of the
      catabolic pathway. The key-steps are: the cellular uptake and the conversion of
      the unchanged drug to dihydrofluorouracil (FUH2) and subsequently to alpha-fluoro
      beta-alanine (FBAL); the cellular fluxes of the 2 catabolites, FUH2 and FBAL.
      Water is partitioned between the extracellular and intracellular spaces. The
      first step is described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the other processes by
      first-order kinetics. Satisfactory fitting of the model validates these
      simplifications and provides values for the parameters describing the process.
      The model indicates that the kinetics of FUra disappearance are non linear, the
      Vmax of the first step being between 3.1 and 5.0 microM/min and the Km between 12
      and 37 microM; the rate limiting step is the degradation of FUH2 (the major
      intracellular catabolite) with a rate constant of 0.1 to 0.02 min-1; the FUH2
      transmembrane exchange is active; the exchange of the final catabolite FBAL is by
      diffusion.

PMID- 6431994
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on calcium uptake and
      catecholamine release in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - The possibility that arachidonic acid metabolism is involved in the secretory
      process in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells was investigated by studying the
      effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on 45Ca2+ uptake
      and catecholamine release. Lipoxygenase inhibitors, which have different chemical
      structures, such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), 3-amino-1-(3
      trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-pyrazoline (BW755C) and 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy
      5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (AA861) all prevented the catecholamine
      release evoked by carbamylcholine and high K+. In contrast, cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors, such as aspirin and indomethacin failed to inhibit the
      carbamylcholine-evoked catecholamine release. Lipoxygenase inhibitors also
      inhibited 45Ca2+ uptake into the cells stimulated by carbamylcholine and high K+.
      Lipoxygenase inhibitors inhibited 45Ca2+ uptake and catecholamine release with
      similar potency. Slightly higher concentrations of lipoxygenase inhibitors were
      required to inhibit high K+-evoked effects compared to those evoked by
      carbamylcholine. The inhibitory effects of these inhibitors on carbamylcholine
      evoked catecholamine release was different in its nature from the inhibitory
      effect of verapamil, a blocker of the Ca2+ channel, and was not due to a
      competitive antagonism at cholinergic receptor site. Moreover, these lipoxygenase
      inhibitors did not inhibit the binding of [3H]nitrendipine to chromaffin cell
      homogenate. The data suggest that lipoxygenase inhibitors prevent the
      catecholamine release from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells by blocking Ca2+
      uptake. It might be possible that lipoxygenase product(s) is involved in the Ca2+
      translocation system in these cells.

PMID- 6431995
TI  - Phospholipid metabolism as a new target for malaria chemotherapy. Mechanism of
      action of D-2-amino-1-butanol.
AB  - A number of choline and ethanolamine analogs were evaluated as inhibitors of P.
      falciparum growth in vitro. 1-Aziridineethanol, DL-2-amino-1,3-propranediol and D
      or L-2-amino-1-butanol were the most efficient inhibitors of parasite
      multiplication, with an IC50 of 50-80 microM, whereas numerous other analogs were
      less active. The effect of D-2-amino-1-butanol on various metabolisms of P.
      knowlesi-infected simian erythrocytes was studied by incubating these cells with
      different labeled precursors of phospholipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and with
      radioactive glucose. In the presence of radioactive glycerol, oleate or
      lysophosphatidylcholine, the appearance of radioactivity in an unnatural
      phospholipid indicated that 2-aminobutanol was incorporated into a new PL which
      accounted for up to 30-40% of the total biosynthesized lipids. This new
      phospholipid accumulated primarily at the expense of PE biosynthesis and
      decreased the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine. These effects were not
      accompanied, over a large range of concentrations, by any parallel change in
      nucleic or protein synthesis, nor in glucose metabolism. These data demonstrate
      that the incorporation of analogs, instead of the natural polar head groups, into
      cellular phospholipids, and/or modification of phospholipid composition have a
      deleterious impact on the growth of Plasmodium. It follows that PL metabolism is
      a crucial process for Plasmodium growth and may constitute a potentially fruitful
      chemotherapeutic approach to malaria.

PMID- 6431996
TI  - Metabolic activation of procarbazine. Evidence for carbon-centered free-radical
      intermediates.
AB  - The metabolism of procarbazine was studied using spin-trapping techniques. The
      oxidation of procarbazine, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, prostaglandin
      synthetase [ram seminal vesicle (RSV) microsomes] or rat hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450, produced carbon-centered free radicals. Cytochrome P-450 also
      catalyzed this oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Horseradish
      peroxidase activation of procarbazine formed both the methyl radical and the N
      isopropylbenzylamide radical [(CH3)2CHNHCO(C6H4)CH2.]. In the presence of RSV or
      rat hepatic microsomes, mostly the benzyl-type radical was trapped, presumably
      due to the reactivity of the methyl radical.

PMID- 6431997
TI  - Decreased glucuronidation of bilirubin by diethyl ether anesthesia.

PMID- 6431998
TI  - Severe functional declines, work disability, and increased mortality in seventy
      five rheumatoid arthritis patients studied over nine years.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were reviewed 9 years after
      an extensive evaluation which included quantitative measures of functional
      capacity. These patients had received multiple intraarticular injections of
      thiotepa with corticosteroids early in their course, but appear demographically
      and functionally similar to other RA patients who had not received this therapy.
      Severe morbidity was seen over the 9-year period in the 55 surviving patients,
      including significantly lower overall functional capacity in 92% of patients
      studied, lower grip strength in 93%, and longer button test results in 84%. Work
      disability occurred in 85% of patients under age 65 who had been working full
      time at disease onset. There was increased mortality at the 9-year review,
      similar to most reported series of RA patients from referral centers; however, a
      significant increase in neoplasia, which was of concern because of the use of
      intraarticular thiotepa, was not seen. In terms of functional capacity, including
      responses to questions about ability to perform activities, walking time, and the
      button test, those patients who had died prior to review had significantly lower
      baseline values than did those who survived. Of the 75 patients, 20 had died and
      51 had lost significant functional capacity over a 9-year period, documented by
      quantitative measures of functional capacity.

PMID- 6431999
TI  - Lactobacillus casei cell wall-induced arthritis in rats: cell wall fragment
      distribution and persistence in chronic arthritis-susceptible LEW/N and 
      resistant F344/N rats.

PMID- 6432000
TI  - Reversible inhibition of thromboxane A2 production by imidazole 2-hydroxybenzoate
      (ITF 182) in the arachidonic acid injected rat. A comparison with acetylsalicylic
      acid and indometacin.
AB  - The behavior of imidazole 2-hydroxybenzoate (ITF 182), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
      and indometacin (INN; in some pharmacopoeias called indomethacin) in inhibiting
      thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin (PGs) production in the blood of the rat
      intravenously injected with arachidonic acid was studied. ITF 182 caused a
      selective inhibition of TXA2 production with a time-dependent reversible action.
      An irreversible inhibition of PGs production was shown by ASA whereas a
      reversible inhibition could be observed with indometacin. The PGs involved in the
      physiological processes, may be spared after ITF 182 administration contrary to
      what occurs after ASA or indometacin administration.

PMID- 6432001
TI  - Acute and chronic hypotensive effects of nifedipine and niludipine in
      hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The present study was aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic hypotensive effects
      of nifedipine (Bay a 1040, Adalat) and niludipine (Bay a 7168) in hypertensive
      patients with chronic renal failure. 1. The decrease of blood pressure lasted for
      at least 3 h and maximum decrement was achieved in 60 min (26% decrement, p less
      than 0.05) after oral administration of nifedipine (10 mg). On the other hand,
      niludipine (20 mg) caused decrease of blood pressure for at least 4 h and
      attained maximum decrement in 90 min (13% decrement, p less than 0.05) after oral
      administration. 2. In chronic studies of both drugs, the maximum decrease of
      blood pressure (p less than 0.05) was attained after one week and lasted at least
      4 weeks. There were no significant changes of pulse rate, body weight and urine
      volume in both nifedipine and niludipine groups. 3. Nifedipine caused great
      diurnal or day-to-day fluctuations of blood pressures after chronic
      administrations. On the other hand niludipine did not cause any significant
      fluctuations. Any serious complications could not be seen during these studies.
      In conclusion, these results provide clinical evidence that niludipine could be
      usefused great diurnal or day-to-day fluctuations of blood pressures after
      chronic administrations. On the other hand niludipine did not cause any
      significant fluctuations. Any serious complications could not be seen during
      these studies. In conclusion, these results provide clinical evidence that
      niludipine could be useful for treatment of hypertension associated with chronic
      renal failure. Results also suggest that the optimal efficacy of nifedipine and
      niludipine in part depends on the specific clinical situation at hand. For
      example, nifedipine seems to be the drug of choice in hypertensive emergencies
      when there is a need for rapid lowering of blood pressure.

PMID- 6432002
TI  - Changes in plasma apo B, apo E, apo A-I, and apo A-IV concentrations in dogs
      consuming different atherogenic diets.
AB  - To define the relationship between apoprotein levels and plasma cholesterol
      concentration in dogs, we measured the cholesterol, apo B, apo E, apo A-IV, and
      apo A-I levels in 6 dogs fed a synthetic diet (Diet I), and in 5 dogs fed dog
      chow supplemented with lard, cholesterol, bile salts, and propylthiouracil (Diet
      II). The diet-induced hypercholesterolemia exceeded 900 mg/dl in dogs fed Diet I
      and was accompanied by a 12-fold increase in apo B, a 30-fold increase in apo E,
      an 8-fold increase in apo A-IV, and a 1 1/2-fold increase in apo A-I. By
      contrast, the hypercholesterolemia averaged 1300 mg/dl in dogs fed Diet II and
      was accompanied by a 12-fold increase in apo B, an 11-fold increase in apo E, a 3
      fold increase in apo A-IV, and a 5-fold decrease in apo A-I levels. When 3 of the
      Diet I dogs were switched to dog chow, their plasma cholesterol, apo B, and apo E
      levels dropped to 30% of their peak value within 7 days. The change in apo B and
      apo E levels was found to be highly correlated with the change in plasma
      cholesterol concentrations in each of the Diet I animals (r2 ranged from 0.92 to
      0.99 for both apoproteins). A strong linear relationship was also observed
      between apo E and apo B (r2 ranged from 0.94 to 0.98), indicating that the plasma
      apo E to apo B ratio remained constant in these animals as the
      hypercholesterolemia progressed or regressed.

PMID- 6432003
TI  - Brain monoaminergic control of male reproductive behavior. II. Dopamine and the
      post-ejaculatory refractory period.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the role of central dopaminergic mechanisms in
      the control of copulation and the subsequent post-ejaculatory refractory period
      in the male rat. Disruption of central dopaminergic pathways was achieved in two
      separate groups of animals by: (1) selective electrolytic lesions of the
      substantia nigra (the major locus for dopamine cell bodies in the brain); or (2)
      localized intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, a specific neurotoxin for
      catecholaminergic pathways. A third group of animals was tested for sexual
      behavior following administration of the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide. Both
      electrolytic and neurochemical lesions localized in the substantia nigra produced
      a significant increase in the length of the post-ejaculatory refractory period.
      Dopamine receptor blockade following administration of pimozide also caused a
      significant increase in refractory period duration. These results support the
      hypothesis that central dopaminergic pathways are involved in the motivational or
      arousal component of copulation and may be integral to the maintenance of a
      normal post-ejaculatory refractory period.

PMID- 6432004
TI  - Effect of lithium carbonate on monocyte to macrophage maturation in cancer
      patients.
AB  - A decrease in the maturation process of monocytes into macrophage is observed in
      cancer patients. In this study the Authors examined: the maturation pattern of
      monocytes into macrophages in 14 patients of both sexes, between 45 and 70 years
      of age, with solid tumours of the lung, breast and gastrointestinal tract,
      without any infection; the variations induced on the maturation pattern as
      results of the administration of lithium carbonate. The results (evaluated
      statistically) show that in all patients there was a significant increase of
      monocytes-macrophages maturation from basal values, after 14 days of lithium
      carbonate treatment. Moreover, we also observed that 14 days after withdrawing of
      lithium carbonate, the values of monocytes-macrophages maturation return to their
      basal ones. The increase, as percentage of mean basal values, is higher in
      patients having low basal values of maturation.

PMID- 6432005
TI  - [Possible mechanism of action of drugs in the basic therapy of rheumatoid
      arthritis: effect on platelet aggregation].
AB  - As it is known that platelets play an important role in arising and maintaining
      the inflammation, the authors have studied "in vitro", the effect on platelet
      aggregation of three drugs (Sodium Aurothiomalate, Auranofin and Penicillamine)
      used in basic therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The drugs are used in
      different concentrations and at different times of preincubation. The study was
      based on the principle of Born and using the Coagg-Salus aggregometer. The
      platelet aggregation was induced by ADP 2.5 microM. The authors have demonstrated
      that the above-named drugs inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in
      different percentile, according to the concentrations adopted and the time of
      preincubation with platelets rich plasma. This study seems particularly
      interesting because it can offer a possible interpretation on the mechanism of
      action of basic therapy in RA.

PMID- 6432006
TI  - Mechanism of action and biological significance of prostaglandins and
      leukotrienes.

PMID- 6432007
TI  - Hydrosmotic effect of vasopressin in frog skin of Rana esculenta: effect of
      calcium ionophore A23187.

PMID- 6432008
TI  - Effect of vasopressin on the permeability of nonelectrolytes across the skins of
      Rana esculenta and Bufo bufo.

PMID- 6432009
TI  - Bone marrow evaluation: the relative merits of particle sections and smear
      preparations.
AB  - Bone marrow aspirates (311) from patients with various haematologic disorders
      were examined with both smear preparations and histologic sections. Adequate
      specimens for comparison were obtained in 77.4%. A wide discrepancy concerning
      the cellularity was noted between the two methods. The results confirm previous
      studies and indicate that histologic examination of bone marrow aspirates is
      particularly helpful in lymphoproliferative disorders. It is concluded that
      sectioning of aspirated marrow is an important procedure and should be included
      in the routine examination of bone marrow.

PMID- 6432010
TI  - The epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia.

PMID- 6432011
TI  - Nutrition and biochemistry of trans and positional fatty acid isomers in
      hydrogenated oils.

PMID- 6432012
TI  - Protein and energy nutrition during lactation.

PMID- 6432013
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition (HPN).

PMID- 6432014
TI  - Fetal-neonatal status following caesarean section for fetal distress.
AB  - Fetal biochemical and neonatal clinical data were compiled in 126 emergency
      Caesarean sections performed for fetal distress. The choice of anaesthetic
      technique was determined by the wishes of the mother. General anaesthesia was
      administered to 71 parturients and regional analgesia to 55 (subarachnoid block
      33, extension of extradural block 22). The aetiologies of fetal distress and the
      skin incision-delivery and uterine incision-delivery intervals were not
      significantly different between the two anaesthesia groups. Umbilical artery
      blood pH values were higher than the last scalp capillary blood pH values in 63%
      of the general anaesthesia and in 80% of the regional analgesia cases. Umbilical
      vein and artery blood-gas and pH data were similar in the two anaesthesia groups,
      but 1-min Apgar scores were significantly better following regional analgesia.
      Despite the presence of fetal distress, subarachnoid blockade was a most suitable
      method of anaesthesia in experienced hands.

PMID- 6432015
TI  - Carbon dioxide elimination from each lung during endobronchial anaesthesia.
      Effects of posture and pulmonary arterial pressure.
AB  - The ventilation and carbon dioxide elimination of each lung, and pulmonary
      arterial pressure, were studied in 17 patients during the early phases of
      anaesthesia for pulmonary surgery. The patients were ventilated mechanically to
      moderate hypocapnia. Expired tidal volume and carbon dioxide elimination rate of
      the lung to be operated on, and of the other lung, were similar in the supine
      position. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in ventilation and
      a decrease in end-tidal PCO2 of the upper lung after turning the patient on to
      the side. Simultaneously, the physiological deadspace fraction of tidal volume
      (VD/VT) increased from 42 to 45% (P less than 0.05). Mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure (MPAP) increased slightly as surgery on the chest wall commenced. A
      concomitant increase of carbon dioxide elimination from the upper lung occurred
      also, although the distribution of ventilation, between the lungs, was unchanged
      in comparison with the conditions during undisturbed anaesthesia. Individual
      changes in MPAP (delta MPAP) and corresponding changes in VD/VT (delta (VD/VT))
      were negatively correlated (r = -0.68, P less than 0.01). The regression equation
      was delta (VD/VT) (%) = 0.7 - 0.83 X delta MPAP (mmHg). It was concluded that
      variations in pulmonary arterial pressure during surgical stimulation may
      significantly affect the pattern of carbon dioxide elimination in the lungs.
      However, there was no evidence that these effects were important clinically.

PMID- 6432016
TI  - Anti-allergic and anti-obstructive therapy by mast cell protection: theophylline.

PMID- 6432017
TI  - Clinical results obtained from a new controlled release theophylline preparation.

PMID- 6432018
TI  - The tolerability of a new oral controlled release theophylline preparation in
      patients with obstructive airways diseases.

PMID- 6432019
TI  - New facts about the theophyllines.

PMID- 6432020
TI  - The effects of increasing the evening dose of controlled release theophylline in
      patients with reversible airways obstruction.

PMID- 6432021
TI  - The influence of controlled release theophylline on cold air induced
      bronchoconstriction in asthma.

PMID- 6432022
TI  - Serum theophylline levels in children after a single dose of Uniphyllin Unicontin
      tablets.

PMID- 6432023
TI  - How many plasma theophylline levels are needed to control therapy?

PMID- 6432024
TI  - Is circadian variation in theophylline trough levels determined by time of
      dosing?

PMID- 6432025
TI  - Chronobiology: a subject of importance to the rheumatologist?

PMID- 6432026
TI  - Biological rhythms and their effect in the assessment of disease activity in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6432027
TI  - Biological rhythms in cell-mediated immunity: their relevance in rheumatology.

PMID- 6432028
TI  - Biological rhythms in the humoral immune system: their possible significance in
      rheumatology.

PMID- 6432029
TI  - Morphology, function and time: its relation to drug action.

PMID- 6432030
TI  - Karyotype analysis of carcinogen-treated Chinese hamster cells in vitro evolving
      from a normal to a malignant phenotype.
AB  - The relationship of cytogenetic changes with the acquisition of an indefinite
      life span in vitro, the ability of cells to grow in soft agar and their
      tumourigenicity in syngeneic animals has been studied in control, trans-7,8
      dihydrodiolbenzo(a)pyrene and 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy
      7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)-pyrene-treated secondary cultures derived from
      Chinese hamster embryonic lung. Karyotype analysis revealed a sequence of
      chromosome changes as the cells progressed through culture. Aneuploidy, namely
      trisomy of chromosome 4, the long arm in particular, was an early dominant
      change. The possible association of this trisomy with the acquisition of
      immortality in vitro is implicated, although the involvement of other nonrandom
      chromosome changes cannot be eliminated, implying that there may be several
      genomic sites in the Chinese hamster which may potentially be involved with the
      acquisition of unlimited growth potential. Neither the ability of cells to grow
      in soft agar nor as tumours could be associated with any specific chromosome(s).
      Double minutes were observed in metaphases from the cell lines, agar colonies and
      tumours; their possible relationship with growth advantage is discussed.

PMID- 6432031
TI  - Studies on experimental chronic active hepatitis in the rabbit. II. Immunological
      findings.
AB  - The role played by humoral and cellular immune response to liver antigens in the
      pathogenesis of experimental chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was studied in
      rabbits which had been immunized with the two human liver-specific proteins LSP
      and LP2, with LSP alone, or with an extract of human skeletal muscle. Rabbits
      immunized with LSP, alone or with LP2, developed skin test reactivity and
      circulating antibody to homologous LSP; liver biopsy revealed immunoglobulin
      bound to the hepatocyte cell surface. It has been suggested that cellular
      immunity to homologous LSP or alternatively, antibody to an antigenic determinant
      shared by human and rabbit LSP, may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      experimental CAH, but both abnormalities were present in two rabbits which did
      not develop CAH despite observation for at least 18 months. Five normal rabbits
      given an intravenous injection of serum pooled from rabbits with CAH did not
      develop significant hepatic lesions. Immunity to homologous LSP or other
      hepatocyte cell surface antigens could not be detected in any rabbit which had
      been immunized with skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes from these rabbits did not
      have immunoglobulin on their cell surface. The pathogenesis of CAH in these
      animals is obscure. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than an auto
      immune response to LSP play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental
      chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 6432032
TI  - In vitro methylation and demethylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in
      Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis responds to attractants by demethylating a group of integral
      membrane proteins referred to as methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). We
      have studied the methylation and demethylation of these proteins in an in vitro
      system, consisting of membrane vesicles, and purified methyltransferase and
      methylesterase. The chemoattractant aspartate was found to inhibit methylation
      and stimulate demethylation of MCPs. Escherichia coli radiolabeled membranes in
      the presence of B. subtilis enzyme do not respond to aspartate by an increase
      demethylation rate. We also report that B. subtilis MCPs are multiply methylated,
      demethylation resulting in slower migrating proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 6432033
TI  - Effect of villin on the kinetics of actin polymerization.
AB  - The effect of villin on the critical concentration of actin and on the kinetics
      of its polymerization has been measured. In the presence of villin and 10 microM
      calcium, the critical concentration of actin increased from 0.2 to 0.9 microM.
      This effect of villin on the critical concentration was shown to be the result of
      its well-documented ability to block the "barbed" end of actin filaments, i.e.,
      the "high-affinity end" of a polymer with a different monomer binding constant at
      each end. Thus, below 0.8 microM actin polymerization was prevented when the
      ratio of villin to actin was about 1 in 1000. Furthermore, the effect of villin
      was saturable; i.e., the critical concentration remained constant with increasing
      villin concentration once the maximal change had been obtained. In addition,
      fragmentation of actin filaments previously capped with villin, producing
      uncapped filaments, caused a rapid, transient fall of the monomer concentration.
      With the disappearance of the uncapped filaments the actin monomer concentration
      returned to that measured before fragmentation. The binding constant of villin to
      the barbed end of the actin filament was calculated to be greater than 10(11) M
      1. The rate constants of elongation and of depolymerization at each end of an
      actin filament were measured. The depolymerization rate constant from the barbed
      end was about 10 times greater under conditions leading to complete
      depolymerization than under steady-state conditions. We discuss a possible
      explanation for the finding and its implication for possible regulatory
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6432034
TI  - Inhibition of the elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by N alpha-phosphoryl
      dipeptides and kinetics of spontaneous hydrolysis of the inhibitors.
AB  - The rates of hydrolysis of N-[(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)phospho]-L-leucyl-L
      tryptophan (phosphoramidon), N alpha-phosphoryl-L-leucyl-L-tryptophan
      (PO3LeuTrp), N alpha-phosphoryl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (PO3LeuPhe), and N alpha
      phosphoryl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide (PO3LeuPheNH2) were followed by proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The rates of hydrolysis (kobsd) of
      PO3LeuTrp, PO3LeuPhe, and PO3LeuPheNH2 were all first order in phosphorylamide
      concentration over the pH range studied (3.8-9.5). The values for kobsd at pH 7.3
      and 37 degrees C are as follows: PO3LeuTrp, 0.35 h-1; PO3LeuPhe, 0.63 h-1;
      PO3LeuPheNH2, 0.73 h-1. The values for kobsd do not significantly change between
      pH 5 and pH 8 but dramatically decreased with increasing pH. The hydrolysis of
      PO3LeuPhe and PO3LeuPheNH2 above a pH of approximately 5 was positively
      correlated with the concentration of monoanionic species (NHRPO3H)1-, and the
      values for the first-order rate constants for the respective monoanionic species
      were calculated to be 0.66 +/- 0.03 h-1 and 1.07 +/- 0.10 h-1. Phosphoramidon was
      not found to hydrolyze after 6 days at 37 degrees C at a pH of 4.6 and 7.7, while
      the phosphorylamide PO3LeuTrp, synthesized by the removal of L-rhamnose from
      phosphoramidon by base hydrolysis, was found to rapidly hydrolyze under these
      conditions. Solvolysis in aqueous methanol of PO3LeuPhe and PO3LeuPheNH2
      indicates that the hydrolysis reaction is bimolecular, proceeding by way of
      direct attack of solvent (H2O, CH3OH) on phosphorus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6432035
TI  - Purification and characterization of the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450
      involved in the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine, a prototype for genetic
      variation in oxidative drug metabolism.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism in oxidative drug metabolism is perhaps best exemplified in
      the case of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity, where the incidence of deficient
      metabolism ranges from 1% to 30% in various populations and this defect is also
      linked to an impaired ability to metabolize a number of other drugs effectively.
      Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats possess this activity, but females of the DA strain do
      not, although total cytochrome P-450 (P-450) levels are similar. We have
      purified, by using debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity as an assay, a minor P-450
      to electrophoretic homogeneity from male SD rats and designate this as P-450UT-H.
      P-450UT-H differs from eight other purified rat liver P-450s as judged by peptide
      mapping and immunochemical analysis and thus appears to be isozymic with these
      other P-450s. P-450UT-H exhibited considerably more debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
      activity than any of the other purified P-450s and, on a total P-450 basis, more
      than total microsomal P-450. Antibodies raised against P-450UT-H specifically
      recognized P-450UT-H and inhibited more than 90% of the debrisoquine hydroxylase
      activity present in SD rat liver microsomes. The level of P-450UT-H in SD rat
      liver microsomes accounted for less than 10% of the total P-450, as judged by
      immunochemical quantitation. These assays also indicated that the level of P
      450UT-H in female DA rat liver microsomes is only about 5% of that in male or
      female SD rat liver microsomes, consonant with the view that deficiency of this
      form of P-450 is responsible for the defective debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
      activity in the former animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432036
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of the 68 000-dalton protein of bovine
      neurofilaments.
AB  - The 68 000-dalton protein from bovine neurofilaments was purified by a
      combination of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and on hydroxylapatite in buffers
      containing 8 M urea. Although the separation of this protein from the other
      proteins of the neurofilament appeared to be hampered by a mixed association of
      the several components, a nearly homogeneous product was obtained for study.
      Sedimentation equilibrium experiments in buffers containing 8 M urea showed the
      molecule to be a monomer with a molecular weight of 70 600 +/- 2000. Circular
      dichroic spectra taken under the same conditions gave no evidence of residual
      alpha-helix. Molecular sieve chromatography in 8 M urea on controlled-pore glass
      showed that the molecule eluted at an unexpectedly small volume. The small
      elution volume did not depend significantly on protein concentration and is
      unlikely to be the result of intermolecular association. Rather, the monomer
      probably has a conformation more rigid or extended than a classical random coil.
      When dialyzed into 0.01 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/1 mM ethylene glycol
      bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/0.1 mM dithioerythritol, pH
      8.5, the protein does not assemble into filaments. Sedimentation velocity reveals
      that under these conditions it consists mainly of a 4.8S molecular species,
      containing few large particles; sedimentation equilibrium shows that it is
      composed of oligomers, the smallest present in significant concentration having a
      molecular weight approximately that of a trimer. Circular dichroism measurements
      lead to the interpretation that the molecule has refolded in this buffer into a
      structure that has approximately 55% alpha-helix. Assembly into filamentous
      particles resembling neurofilaments occurs when the protein is dialyzed against
      0.1 M 2-(N-morpholino)ethane-sulfonic acid/0.1% beta-mercaptoethanol/1 mM
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/0.17 M
      NaCl, pH 6.5. We suggest that the oligomeric species present in 0.01 M
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane may frequently be present in solubilized
      preparations of intermediate filaments and may represent an intermediate in the
      assembly process.

PMID- 6432037
TI  - Paramagnetic 1H and 13C NMR studies on cobalt-substituted human carbonic
      anhydrase I carboxymethylated at active site histidine-200: molecular basis for
      the changes in catalytic properties induced by the modification.
AB  - Using bromo[1-13C]acetate to modify N tau of His-200 of human carbonic anhydrase
      isozyme I leads to the introduction of a useful 13C NMR probe into the active
      site. To complement our previous diamagnetic NMR studies with this probe, we have
      now succeeded in directly observing the paramagnetically perturbed resonance of
      the carboxylate in the cobalt-substituted modified enzyme above pH 8. In the pH
      range 8-10, the resonance undergoes a pH-dependent slow-exchange process, with
      the more alkaline form having a much smaller pseudocontact shift and a narrower
      line width. Below pH 8, the resonance apparently undergoes a very large
      paramagnetic downfield shift that was estimated by extrapolation. An ionization
      of approximate pK of 6 appears to control this process. Paramagnetic spin
      relaxation studies on the resonance under conditions where it was directly
      observed yielded distance measurements between the carboxylate carbon and the
      active site cobalt ion. In inhibitor complexes, this distance was in the range of
      5-7 A. In the absence of inhibitors, the distance was approximately 3.0-3.2 A at
      pH 7.9, consistent with the coordination of the carboxylate to the metal.
      However, at pH 10, the distance was increased to 4.8 A. These distance
      determinations were aided by relaxation measurements of a paramagnetically
      shifted proton resonance at 60-65 ppm downfield assigned by others to a proton of
      a ligand histidine of metal and confirmed by us to be 5.2 +/- 0.1 A from the
      metal. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the observed changes in
      catalytic properties that accompany the carboxymethylation.

PMID- 6432038
TI  - Methyl motions in 13C-methylated concanavalin as studied by 13C magnetic
      resonance relaxation techniques.
AB  - The carbon- 13 spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements
      of the N epsilon-monomethyllysine, N epsilon,N epsilon-dimethyllysine, and N
      alpha,N alpha-dimethylalanine resonances of 13C-methylated concanavalin A have
      been measured at three carbon frequencies and compared to the relaxation
      parameters predicted by several motional models. The experimental parameters
      cannot be reproduced by a simple dipolar relaxation model which includes
      isotropic reorientation of the protein plus free internal rotational diffusion of
      the methyl groups but are well predicted by a wobble in a cone model which
      includes isotropic reorientation of the protein at 33 ns, free internal
      rotational diffusion of the methyl groups, and a wobble diffusion which reflects
      the net motion of the amino acid side chains. The analysis indicates that the
      methylated epsilon-amino side chains exhibit only slightly more motional freedom
      than does the methylated N-terminal alpha-amino group and suggests some
      restriction of methyl group rotation in the dimethylamino residues.

PMID- 6432039
TI  - Complement protein C9 labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate can be used to
      monitor C9 polymerization and formation of the cytolytic membrane lesion.
AB  - Human complement protein C9 was covalently labeled with the fluorescent
      chromophore fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) with only a small reduction in the
      cytolytic activity of the protein. Polymerization of the labeled protein--either
      by incubating with lipid vesicles treated with complement proteins C5b-8
      (activating the C5b-9 membrane lesion) or by heating the protein [Tschopp, J.,
      Muller-Eberhard, H.J., & Podack, E.R. (1982) Nature (London) 298, 534]--resulted
      in a 40-60% decrease in the fluorescence emission from FITC. The decrease in
      total fluorescence was accompanied by an increase in the steady-state anisotropy
      following activation and polymerization of FITC-C9 by C5b-8 membranes, while heat
      induced aggregation of the protein resulted in a dramatic depolarization of
      fluorescence. Only small changes in either the absorbance spectrum or
      fluorescence lifetime of the chromophore were detected upon FITC-C9
      polymerization. Evidence is presented that the measured changes in FITC
      fluorescence upon C9 activation are due to self energy transfer between closely
      apposed fluorescein chromophores which occur in the polymerized form of the
      protein. The significance of these observations to the molecular structure of the
      assembled C5b-9 complex is discussed, as are the potential applications of this
      fluorescent derivative of C9.

PMID- 6432040
TI  - Kinetics of polymerization of a fluoresceinated derivative of complement protein
      C9 by the membrane-bound complex of complement proteins C5b-8.
AB  - The fluorescence self-quenching by energy transfer of FITC-C9, a fluoresceinated
      derivative of human complement protein C9 [Sims, P.J. (1984) Biochemistry
      (preceding paper in this issue)], has been used to monitor the kinetics of C9
      polymerization induced by the membrane-associated complex of complement proteins
      C5b-8. Time-based measurements of the fluorescence change observed during
      incubation of FITC-C9 with C5b-8-treated sheep red blood cell ghost membranes at
      various temperatures revealed that C9 polymerization induced by the C5b-8
      proteins exhibits a temperature dependence similar to that previously reported
      for the complement-mediated hemolysis of these cells, with an Arrhenius
      activation energy for FITC-C9 polymerization of 13.3 +/- 3.2 kcal mol-1 (mean +/-
      2 SD). Similar measurements obtained with C5b-8-treated unilamellar vesicles
      composed of either egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (egg PC),
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)
      revealed activation energies of between 20 and 25 kcal mol-1 for FITC-C9
      polymerization by C5b-8 bound to these membranes. Temperature-dependent rates of
      C9 polymerization were observed to be largely unaffected by the phase state of
      membrane lipid in the target C5b-8 vesicles. The significance of these
      observations of the mechanism of C9 activation of membrane insertion is
      considered.

PMID- 6432041
TI  - Covalent binding efficiency of the third and fourth complement proteins in
      relation to pH, nucleophilicity, and availability of hydroxyl groups.
AB  - The binding of [3H]glycerol and [3H]putrescine to C3 was studied in a fluid-phase
      system using trypsin as the C3 convertase. The binding of glycerol showed little
      variation in the pH range between 6.0 and 10.0. The binding of putrescine (pKa =
      9.0) is rather ineffective below pH 7.5 but becomes more efficient as the pH of
      the reaction mixture increases. These results agree with the contention that the
      final step of the binding reaction is the transfer of the acyl group of the
      exposed thio ester of C3 to a nucleophile since the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl
      groups is rather independent of pH whereas only the unprotonated form of amino
      groups is nucleophilic. The inefficient reaction of amino groups with the exposed
      thio ester of C3 is also supported by the study of the inhibitory activity of
      serine and its two derivatives, N-acetylserine and O-methylserine, to the binding
      of [3H]glycerol to C3. N-Acetylserine showed an inhibitory activity equivalent to
      that of serine, whereas O-methylated serine showed only minimal activity. It can
      be concluded, therefore, that serine reacts with the thio ester of C3 by its
      hydroxyl group but not by its alpha-amino group. The ability of the alcohol group
      of various alkanes to inhibit the binding of [3H]glycerol to C3 was also studied.
      The primary alcohols inhibit the binding reaction with an efficiency that is
      similar to glycerol, and there are no significant differences in the binding
      efficiencies of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432042
TI  - Forster-type energy transfer as a probe for changes in local fluctuations of the
      protein matrix.
AB  - Much evidence, on both theoretical and experimental sides, indicates the
      importance of local fluctuations (in energy levels, conformational substates,
      etc.) of the macromolecular matrix in the biological activity of proteins. We
      describe here a novel application of the Forster-type energy-transfer process
      capable of monitoring changes both in local fluctuations and in conformational
      states of macromolecules. A new energy-transfer parameter, f, is defined as an
      average transfer efficiency, [E], normalized by the actual average quantum
      efficiency of the donor fluorescence, [phi D]. A simple oscillator model (for a
      one donor-one acceptor system) is presented to show the sensitivity of this
      parameter to changes in amplitudes of local fluctuations. The different modes of
      averaging (static, dynamic, and intermediate cases) occurring for a given value
      of the average transfer rate, [kt], and the experimental requirements as well as
      limitations of the method are also discussed. The experimental tests were
      performed on the ribonuclease T1-pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate conjugate (a one donor
      one acceptor system) by studying the change of the f parameter with temperature,
      an environmental parameter expectedly perturbing local fluctuations of proteins.
      The parameter f increased with increasing temperature as expected on the basis of
      the oscillator model, suggesting that it really reflects changes of fluctuation
      amplitudes (significant changes in the orientation factor, k2, as well as in the
      spectral properties of the fluorophores can be excluded by anisotropy
      measurements and spectral investigations). Possibilities of the general
      applicability of the method are also discussed.

PMID- 6432043
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a wound-induced trypsin inhibitor from alfalfa
      leaves.
AB  - A trypsin inhibitor from leaves of field-grown alfalfa plants has been purified
      and shown to be the same trypsin inhibitor that is wound induced in leaves of
      young growth chamber grown plants. This inhibitor accounts for the major trypsin
      inhibitory activity found in both field-grown and wound-induced plants. The
      inhibitor exhibits a molecular weight of about 7500 and is specific for trypsin
      with a Ki of 1 X 10(-10) M. Analysis of the purified inhibitor by cation-exchange
      high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of four isoinhibitor
      species that have identical immunological and inhibitory properties. The amino
      acid analysis of the four species indicates small but significant differences.
      Immunological double diffusion comparisons of the alfalfa inhibitor with the
      Bowman-Birk and Kunitz soybean inhibitors did not reveal any cross-reactivity
      although the amino acid content of the alfalfa inhibitor resembles those of
      Bowman-Birk family members.

PMID- 6432044
TI  - Ion selectivity of aqueous leaks induced in the erythrocyte membrane by
      crosslinking of membrane proteins.
AB  - The aqueous leak induced in the human erythrocyte membrane by crosslinking of
      spectrin via disulfide bridges formed in the presence of diamide (Deuticke, B.,
      Poser, B., Lutkemeier, P. and Haest, C.W.M. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 731,
      196-210) was further characterized with respect to its ion selectivity by means
      of (a) measurements of cell volume changes or hemolysis, (b) determination of
      membrane potentials and (c) analysis of potential-driven ion fluxes. The leak
      turned out to be slightly cation-selective (PK:PCl approximately equal to 4:1).
      It discriminates mono- from divalent ions (PNa:PMg greater than 100:1, PCl:PSO4
      greater than 10:1) and to a much lesser extent monovalent ions among each other.
      The selectivities for monovalent ions follow the sequence of free solution
      mobilities, increasing in the order Li+ less than or equal to Na+ less than K+
      less than or equal to Rb+ less than Cs+ and F- less than Cl- less than Br- less
      than I-. Polyatomic anions also fit into that order. Quantitatively, the ratios
      of permeabilities of the leak are larger than those of the ion mobilities in free
      solution. The ion permeability of the leak is concentration-independent up to at
      least 150 mM. The ion milieu, however, has marked effects on leak permeability,
      most pronounced for chaotropic ions (guanidinium, nitrate, thiocyanate), which
      increase leak fluxes of charged and uncharged solutes. The results support the
      view that, besides geometric constraints, weak coulombic or dipolar interactions
      between penetrating ions and structural elements of the leak determine
      permselectivity.

PMID- 6432045
TI  - Disaccharide uptake by brush-border membrane vesicles lacking the corresponding
      hydrolases.
AB  - Intestinal disaccharide uptake was studied with isolated brush-border membrane
      vesicles lacking the corresponding hydrolase. Either 15-day-old chick intestine,
      lacking both trehalase and lactase, or newborn pig intestine, lacking sucrase,
      was used. Both animal species yielded osmotically active vesicles capable of D
      glucose/Na+ cotransport with a positive overshoot test. Vesicles from either
      origin gave quantitatively similar results in regard to both initial uptake rates
      and relative vesicle volumes. The nontransported analogs D-mannitol and L-glucose
      were used as diffusion markers. When tested with the appropriate disaccharidase
      lacking vesicles, lactose, trehalose and sucrose exhibited uptake rates
      indistinguishable from those of D-mannitol and L-glucose. These uptakes were
      unaffected by the presence or absence of Na+, phlorizin and Tris. Chromatographic
      analysis confirmed the lack of hydrolysis of each disaccharide after prolonged
      incubation. The inescapable conclusion seems to be that intact disaccharides are
      not transported through the brush-border membrane, their uptake occurring through
      simple diffusion.

PMID- 6432046
TI  - Trans to cis proton concentration gradients accelerate ionophore A23187-mediated
      net fluxes of Ca2+ across the human red cell membrane.
AB  - Ionophore A23187-mediated net influx of Ca2+ in ATP-depleted human red cells was
      studied as a function of the pH and the proton concentration gradient across the
      membranes. Utilizing the Ca2+-induced increase in K+ conductance of the cell
      membranes, various CCCP-mediated proton gradients were raised across the
      membranes of cells suspended in unbuffered salt solutions with different K+
      concentrations. In ionophore-mediated equilibrium the concentration ratios of
      ionized Ca between ATP-depleted, DIDS-treated cells and their suspension medium
      were equal to the concentration ratios of protons raised to the second power.
      With no proton concentration gradient across the membranes the net influxes of
      Ca2+ as a function of pH resembled a titration curve of a weak acid, with half
      maximal net influx at pH 7.3, at 100 microM extracellular Ca2+. With cellular pH
      fixed at various values, the net influx of Ca2+ was determined as a function of
      the proton concentration gradient. A linear relationship between the logarithm of
      net influx and the difference between extracellular and cellular pH was found at
      all cellular pH values tested, but the proton concentration gradient acceleration
      was a function of the cellular pH. Accelerations between 10- and 40- times per
      unit delta pH were found and net effluxes were correspondingly decreased. The
      results are discussed in relation to present models of the mechanism of ionophore
      A23187-mediated Ca2+ transport. The importance of the proton concentration
      gradient dependency is discussed in relation to the induced oscillations in K+
      conductance of human red cell membranes previously reported (Vestergaard-Bogind
      and Bennekou (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 688, 37-44).

PMID- 6432047
TI  - Effect of para-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid and temperature on cell water
      osmotic permeability of proximal straight tubules.
AB  - The apparent Arrhenius energy of activation (Ea) of the water osmotic
      permeability (Pcos) of the basolateral plasma cell membrane of isolated rabbit
      proximal straight tubules has been measured under control conditions and after
      addition of 2.5 mM of the sulfhydryl reagent, para-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic
      acid (pCMBS), of mersalyl and of dithiothreitol. Ea (kcal/mol) was 3.2 +/- 1.4
      (controls) and 9.2 +/- 2.2 (pCMBS), while Pcos decreased with pCMBS to 0.26 +/-
      0.17 of its control value. Mersalyl also decreased Pcos both in vitro and in vivo
      (using therapeutical doses). These actions of pCMBS and mersalyl were quickly
      reverted with 5 mM dithiothreitol and prevented by 0.1 M thiourea. Ea for free
      viscous flow is 4.2 and greater than 10 for non-pore-containing lipid membranes.
      By analogy with these membranes and with red blood cells, where similar effects
      of pCMBS on Pos are observed, it is concluded that cell membranes of the proximal
      tubule are pierced by aqueous pores which are reversibly shut by pCMBS. Part of
      the action of mercurial diuretics can be explained by their action on Pcos.

PMID- 6432048
TI  - Kinetic study of the interaction between frog epidermis tyrosinase and chloride.
AB  - The effect of halide ions on frog epidermis tyrosinase has been characterized
      with the trypsin-activated enzyme. At pH 7, the order of inhibition is I- greater
      than Br- greater than Cl- greater than F-. Chloride, the most extensively studied
      halide, shows a competitive pattern with respect to the substrate, L-DOPA.
      Inhibition is strongly pH-dependent, with a pKa of 6.12 for the responsible
      protonatable group. Other kinetic constants are also calculated using a novel
      approach. The mechanism of interaction between chloride and the enzyme is
      discussed, and a model is proposed in which chloride interferes the tyrosinase
      activity by displacing a catalytically important ligand, probably a histidine
      residue of the side-chain, from the copper at the enzyme-active site.

PMID- 6432049
TI  - Purification and characterization of the major microsomal cytochrome P-450 form
      induced by trans-stilbene oxide in rat liver.
AB  - The major form of microsomal cytochrome P-450 induced by trans-stilbene oxide in
      the liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats was purified and characterized, and
      compared with the isolated cytochrome P-450 B2 forms from phenobarbital- and 3
      methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals. The apparent subunit molecular weight of
      the trans-stilbene oxide-induced cytochrome was found to be 53 000 using sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the absorbance maximum of
      the carbon monoxide complex of the ferrous cytochrome was 450 nm. Reconstitution
      of the N-demethylase activity towards three different substrates showed high and
      similar activities with the cytochrome P-450 B2 forms from trans-stilbene oxide
      or phenobarbital-treated rats, with one exception. Amino-acid analysis also
      showed a very high degree of similarity between these two forms. Upon proteinase
      treatment with three different proteinases the trans-stilbene oxide-induced
      cytochrome demonstrated in each case a peptide pattern identical to that obtained
      with the phenobarbital-induced B2 form. Furthermore, both forms are completely
      immunologically cross-reactive. We therefore conclude from these experiments that
      the liver microsomal P-450 B2 from trans-stilbene oxide and phenobarbital-treated
      rats are very closely related, if not identical.

PMID- 6432050
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus
      acidophilus R-26.
AB  - An intracellular aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase (cytosol), EC
      3.4.11.1) isolated from cell extracts of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 was
      purified 634-fold to homogeneity. This enzyme, which was responsible for all of
      the N-terminal exopeptidase and amidase activities observed in crude extracts,
      had no detectable endopeptidase or esterase activity. Although a broad range of L
      amino acid peptide, amide and p-nitroanilide derivatives possessing free alpha
      amino termini are attacked, the enzyme favored substrates with hydrophobic N
      terminal R groups. The native enzyme, which was found to be a tetramer of
      molecular weight 156000, contained 4 mol of tightly bound Zn2+. The catalytically
      inactive native zinc metalloenzyme was capable of being activated by either Zn2+,
      Co2+, Ni2+ or Mn2+. The shape of the log Vmax versus pH plot indicates that two
      active-center ionizable groups (pKES1 = 5.80; pKES2 = 8.00) may be involved in
      catalysis. Methylene-blue-sensitized photooxidation of the enzyme resulted in the
      complete loss of activity, while L-leucine, a competitive inhibitor, partially
      protected against this inactivation. Amino-acid analysis indicated that this
      photooxidative loss of activity corresponds to the modification of one histidine
      residue per monomer of protein.

PMID- 6432051
TI  - Enzymatic inactivation of human plasma C1-inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      by Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteinase and elastase.
AB  - Two major human plasma proteinase inhibitors, C1-inhibitor and alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin, were enzymatically inactivated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      elastase and proteinase. Incubation of C1-inhibitor with the Pseudomonas enzymes
      at inhibitor/enzyme molar ratios of 1000:1 (elastase) or 22:1 (proteinase)
      resulted in cleavage of the 104 kDa intact inhibitor to an 89 kDa intermediate
      which retained full inhibitory activity against plasmin and plasma kallikrein.
      The intermediate was then cleaved to an 83 kDa inactive product. The initial non
      inactivating cleavage of C1-inhibitor occurred in a region of the molecule
      readily accessible to limited proteolysis by both enzymes. The inactivating
      cleavage, however, occurred more readily with the elastase. alpha 1
      Antichymotrypsin was inactivated by P. aeruginosa proteinase and elastase by
      limited proteolysis at inhibitor/enzyme molar ratios of 14 000:1. The 64 kDa
      intact inhibitor was cleaved to form an inactive 60 kDa product, and a low
      molecular mass peptide fragment was observed. No stable enzyme-inhibitor
      complexes were detected, and no random proteolysis of the inactivated inhibitors
      was noted, even after prolonged incubation. Catalytic inactivation of C1
      inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by P. aeruginosa proteinase and elastase
      may contribute to the tissue damage and hemorrhagic lesions which occur during
      pseudomonal infections.

PMID- 6432052
TI  - Different primary specificity of porcine pancreatic beta-kallikrein-B and bovine
      beta-trypsin. A comparative steady-state and pre-steady-state study.
AB  - The values of pre-steady-state and steady-state parameters for the beta-trypsin
      catalyzed hydrolysis of Z-Arg-ONp and Z-Lys-ONp are superimposable between pH 2.4
      and 8. At variance, the kinetic parameters for the beta-kallikrein-B catalyzed
      hydrolysis of Z-Arg-ONp are more favourable than those observed for Z-Lys-ONp and
      depend on different pKa values. The different primary specificity and the
      catalytic behaviour of beta-trypsin and beta-kallikrein-B reflect structural
      differences at their S1 subsite, especially at level of the 226 residue as well
      as the 217-220 segment.

PMID- 6432053
TI  - Characterization of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in cultured
      human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Cultured human skin fibroblasts were incubated in the presence of
      [14C]arachidonic acid (50 microM; 1 m Ci/mmol) and the divalent cation ionophore
      A23187 at 37 degrees C for 60 min. The metabolites formed were extracted from the
      cell-free medium in diethyl ether, separated by thin layer chromatography and
      identified unequivocally by GC-MS. The distribution of the arachidonic acid
      metabolites as estimated from the recovered radioactivity showed as major product
      prostaglandin E2 (26%). Minor amounts of other prostaglandins, i.e., 6-oxo
      prostaglandin F1 alpha (1%), prostaglandin F2 alpha (1%), prostaglandin D2 (0.5%)
      and prostaglandin A2 (1%) were also present. In addition to the prostaglandins,
      monohydroxy fatty acids (4.5%) were also detected. This fraction contained 33% 12
      hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), 22% 11-hydroxy-5,8,11,14
      eicosatetraenoic acid (11-HETE) and 31% 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic
      acid (15-HETE). Lipid extracts of the cells did not show any detectable amount of
      the monohydroxy fatty acids, indicating that they are not incorporated
      metabolically in the cellular lipids. The monohydroxy fatty acids originate
      mainly from the exogenously added arachidonic acid as evidenced by the 2H/H ratio
      (30:1) from experiments with octadeuterated arachidonic acid [( 2H8]arachidonic
      acid). Indomethacin inhibited the formation of all prostaglandins, HHT and 11
      HETE; moreover, eicosatetraynoic acid (also blocked the formation of 15-HETE.
      From these results, it can be concluded that in human skin fibroblasts
      prostaglandin E2 is the major product of the cycloxygenase pathway, while 15-HETE
      is the main lipoxygenase product.

PMID- 6432054
TI  - Ca2+-dependent conversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidate in neutrophils
      stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe or ionophore A23187.
AB  - Human and rabbit neutrophils stimulated with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
      (fMet-Leu-Phe) and A23187 show a loss of phosphatidylinositol and an increase in
      phosphatidate. In cells prelabelled with 32Pi it would be expected that the newly
      synthesised phosphatidate would have the same specific activity as cellular ATP,
      provided that the loss of phosphatidylinositol is by phospholipase C attack and
      the resultant diacyglycerol is phosphorylated by ATP. Instead, it is demonstrated
      that the specific activity of newly-formed phosphatidate is less than a tenth of
      the specific activity of ATP initially followed by a gradual increase. The time
      course of mass and of [3H]glycerol-labelled phosphatidate formation (from cells
      pulse-labelled with [3H]glycerol) is similar to enzyme release but differs from
      the generation of 32P-labelled phosphatidate (from cells prelabelled with 32Pi).
      The source of the newly formed phosphatidate is most likely from
      phosphatidylinositol because: (a) The increase in phosphatidate is always
      accompanied by a loss of phosphatidylinositol with no changes in the other
      lipids. (b) Cells pulse-labelled with [3H]glycerol lose label from
      phosphatidylinositol only and this is accompanied by an increase in label in
      phosphatidate. (c) The specific activity of the newly synthesised phosphatidate
      is closest to the specific activity of phosphatidylinositol. One plausible
      explanation for these results is that phosphatidylinositol is directly converted
      to phosphatidate by phospholipase D action and the resulting phosphatidate
      accumulates radioactivity by exchange of its phosphate group with ATP. It is also
      shown that enzyme secretion and conversion of phosphatidylinositol to
      phosphatidate can depend on both intra- as well as extracellular Ca2+. Depletion
      of the intracellular pool of Ca2+ is essential to inhibit totally the enzyme
      secretion and the conversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidate in
      agreement with our previous results on rabbit neutrophils (Cockcroft, S., et al.
      (1981) Biochem. J. 200, 501-508).

PMID- 6432055
TI  - Aldose and aldehyde reductases in human tissues.
AB  - Immunochemical characterizations of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductases I
      and II, partially purified by DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) column chromatography from
      human tissues, were carried out by immunotitration, using antisera raised against
      the homogenous preparations of human and bovine lens aldose reductase and human
      placenta aldehyde reductase I and aldehyde reductase II. Anti-aldose antiserum
      cross-reacted with aldehyde reductase I, anti-aldehyde reductase I antiserum
      cross-reacted with aldose reductase and anti-aldehyde reductase II antiserum
      precipitated aldehyde reductase II, but did not cross-react with aldose reductase
      or aldehyde reductase I from all the tissues examined. DE-52 elution profiles,
      substrate specificity and immunochemical characterization indicate that aldose
      reductase is present in human aorta, brain, erythrocyte and muscle; aldehyde
      reductase I is present in human kidney, liver and placenta; and aldehyde
      reductase II is present in human brain, erythrocyte, kidney, liver, lung and
      placenta. Monospecific anti-alpha and anti-beta antisera were purified from
      placenta anti-aldehyde reductase I antiserum, using immunoaffinity techniques.
      Anti-alpha antiserum precipitated both aldehyde reductase I and aldose reductase,
      whereas anti-beta antibodies cross-reacted with only aldehyde reductase I. Based
      on these studies, a three gene loci model is proposed to explain the genetic
      interrelationships among these enzymes. Aldose reductase is a monomer of alpha
      subunits, aldehyde reductase I is a dimer of alpha and beta subunits and aldehyde
      reductase II is a monomer of delta subunits.

PMID- 6432056
TI  - Purification and isoelectric heterogeneity of chicken tyrosinase.
AB  - Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) was purified from regenerating chicken feathers. Most
      of the enzyme activity was in the insoluble fraction, which was solubilized with
      0.5% sodium cholate. Solubilized tyrosinase showed multiple forms on isoelectric
      focusing. The isoelectric points had the following pI values: 5.06, 4.83, 4.68,
      4.56, 4.44, 4.32, 4.24, 4.14, 4.06 and 3.97. This tyrosinase fraction was
      subjected to trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) cleavage, Sephacryl S-200, hydroxylapatite and
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Purified enzymatically active tyrosinase also
      showed multiple forms. Their isoelectric points were: 4.23, 4.14, 4.06, 3.99 and
      3.91. Each active form had almost the same molecular weight, estimated at 66 000.
      Staining for 1,2-diol groups of glycoproteins and neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)
      treatment suggested that chicken tyrosinase is a glycoprotein. The enzyme showed
      both dopa(L-3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine) oxidase activity and tyrosine
      hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 6432057
TI  - Attachment of immunoglobulin to liposomal membrane via protein carbohydrate.
AB  - A general method has been developed for the covalent attachment of immunoglobulin
      molecules to the outer layer of liposomal membranes. Aldehyde groups are
      generated by the mild oxidation with periodate or galactose oxidase of the
      carbohydrate groups on the constant region of the heavy chain. The oxidized
      protein is then reacted with a hydrazide group linked to a membrane component.
      Detailed studies were carried out with monomers of a monoclonal human IgM and two
      monoclonal murine IgM antibodies specific for the 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5
      sulfonyl (Dns) group. Two hydrazide-containing hydrophobic reagents were used: N
      alpha-lauroyl, N epsilon-Dns-lysine hydrazide and lauric acid hydrazide. The
      number of protein aldehyde groups formed was assayed by reaction with N-(2,4
      dinitrophenyl)-beta-alanylglycylglycine hydrazide. Measurement of the intrinsic
      affinity for Dns-lysine of the processed anti-Dns IgMs demonstrated no
      substantial impairment of the specific reactivity of the antibody either from the
      oxidation step or the subsequent attachment to small unilamellar vesicles. The
      extent of attachment of antibody to small unilamellar vesicles was evaluated with
      respect to the mol% of hydrazide in the membrane, the duration of the incubation
      period for the aldehyde-hydrazide reaction and the ratio of protein to hydrazide.
      The yield of attached protein was significantly dependent on each of these
      experimental parameters over the ranges tested. Under the most favorable
      conditions the extent of covalent attachment of IgMs to small unilamellar
      vesicles was 535 micrograms of protein per mumol of phospholipid, corresponding
      to 0.3 mol% of protein. Under these conditions, 61% of the total protein was
      associated with the small unilamellar vesicle fraction after fractionation by gel
      filtration. The attachment of the antibody to small unilamellar vesicles did not
      destroy the integrity of the vesicles, as demonstrated by the retention of
      carboxyfluorescein following initial encapsulation during the formation of small
      unilamellar vesicles.

PMID- 6432058
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis on insulin release by neonatal
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - In the pancreatic islet, eicosanoids may arise from both cyclooxygenase- and
      lipoxygenase-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid. The inclusion of
      inhibitors of selective steps in these pathways indicated that in cultured
      neonatal rat islets, arachidonic acid may be metabolised through both pathways,
      concurrent with insulin release stimulated by D-glucose, D-glyceraldehyde and 2
      ketoisocaproate. The effects of the inhibitors suggested that the products of the
      lipoxygenase pathway were necessary for the stimulatory effects of nutrients to
      be observed. In contrast to glucose, where insulin release was stimulated in the
      presence of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, the stimulatory action of D
      glyceraldehyde, 2-ketoisocaproate and melittin was only minimally affected by
      these inhibitors, although it was inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibition. These
      findings support a major stimulatory role for products of the lipoxygenase
      pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in nutrient-induced secretion, and a
      negative or modulatory role of cyclooxygenase pathway products on glucose
      stimulated insulin release in the neonatal islet.

PMID- 6432059
TI  - Purification of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and immunochemical characterization of its in vivo inactivation.
AB  - The 'high ammonia pathway' enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) is inactivated
      in cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa when the stationary phase of growth is
      reached. Purified glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) appeared to be a protein
      composed of six identical subunits with a molecular weight of 54 000. With
      antibodies raised against purified enzyme it was found that glutamate
      dehydrogenase (NADP+) inactivation is accompanied by a parallel decrease in
      immunologically reactive material. This suggests that glutamate dehydrogenase
      (NADP+) inactivation is caused or followed by rapid proteolysis.

PMID- 6432060
TI  - Dissociation of RNA synthesis from the calcium requirement for serum-increased
      ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat glioma cells.
AB  - When C6-2B rat glioma cells were stimulated with calf serum in the presence of
      calcium, ornithine decarboxylase activity increased maximally in 6-8 h after an
      initial 2-3 h lag period wherein RNA synthesis occurred. The increase of
      ornithine decarboxylase activity in serum-stimulated C6-2B cells was prevented by
      the calcium chelator EGTA, but EGTA had no effect upon RNA synthesis as judged by
      [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA. In addition, the calcium requirement for
      increased ornithine decarboxylase activity was temporally distal to the lag
      period. EGTA appeared to inhibit the synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase,
      because the half-life values of ornithine decarboxylase activity were similar (37
      47 min) in the presence of EGTA or protein synthesis inhibitors such as
      cycloheximide or emetine. Also, calcium readdition rapidly reversed EGTA
      inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity by a mechanism which could be
      blocked by cycloheximide.

PMID- 6432061
TI  - Calcium dependence for increased antizyme inhibitory activity of ornithine
      decarboxylase in rat glioma cells.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity was inhibited by the antizyme inhibitor protein
      in extracts from C6-2B rat glioma cells. Antizyme activity in C6-2B cells was
      increased 3- to 10-fold by micromolar concentrations of putrescine, spermidine
      and spermine. The calcium chelator EGTA (pCa 6.4) inhibited basal and polyamine
      stimulated antizyme activity, and this inhibition was prevented by concurrent
      incubation with calcium, but not with magnesium. EGTA appeared to block antizyme
      synthesis, because the half-life values of antizyme activity in the presence of
      EGTA or cycloheximide were similar (121-143 min). Also, calcium readdition
      rapidly reversed EGTA inhibition of antizyme activity by a mechanism which could
      be blocked by cycloheximide. The ability of EGTA to inhibit spermidine-stimulated
      antizyme activity was not due to reduced spermidine uptake, because EGTA actually
      stimulated [3H]spermidine accumulation in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble
      fraction of C6-2B cells after 3 h.

PMID- 6432062
TI  - Lack of effect of somatostatin on the stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by
      epinephrine in isolated canine hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of somatostatin on epinephrine's ability to stimulate glucose output
      have been examined in hepatocytes isolated from dogs fasted overnight. Half
      maximal stimulation of phosphorylase a activity and glucose output occurred at an
      epinephrine concentration of approx. 5 X 10(-9) M. Somatostatin at 10, 100 or
      1000 ng/ml had no effect on the ability of a maximal (1 X 10(-7) M) and a
      submaximal (1 X 10(-8) M) dose of epinephrine to activate phosphorylase at 2 min,
      or to stimulate glucose output over 20 min. Since the doses of somatostatin used
      in the present study are up to 50-fold higher than the blood concentrations
      commonly found when somatostatin is used in vivo to inhibit pancreatic hormone
      secretion, it seems unlikely that use of somatostatin in this way would affect
      stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by epinephrine in vivo.

PMID- 6432063
TI  - [Determination of the heat expansion coefficient of pepsin crystals. Anisotropy
      of conformation dynamics of the enzyme globule].
AB  - The microscopic study of heat expansion of monoclinic pepsin crystals was
      performed in temperature interval of -120 degrees C to +20 degrees C. The
      coefficient of heat expansion along the C axis was shown to be 8-10 times as
      large as along the B axis. This dynamics anisotropy is interpreted to reflect the
      domain mobility of the molecule.

PMID- 6432064
TI  - [Effect of the degree of phosphorylation of bovine pepsin A on its enzymatic
      activity].
AB  - Proteolytic and clotting activities of bovine pepsin A with respect to its degree
      of phosphorylation were studied on various substrates. The occurrence of
      phosphate group(s) on bovine pepsin A more or less strongly affects its enzymic
      properties according to the substrate and its environment. This is particularly
      obvious as far as kappa-casein is concerned. The specific flocculating activity
      of unphosphorylated (fA0) as well as dephosphorylated (treated with potato acid
      phosphatase) bovine pepsin A, determined on a 0.2% kappa-casein solution, is
      significantly higher than that observed with phosphorylated pepsins, especially
      after kappa-casein was treated with alpha-D.N-acetyl galactosaminyl
      oligosaccharidase, while specific milk clotting activity remains unchanged
      regardless to the level of phosphorylation of bovine pepsin A is. Using
      haemoglobin as substrate, unphosphorylated pepsin A exhibits the highest specific
      proteolytic activity and the less acidic pH optimum. Conversely, the amount of
      phosphate groups does not seem to have any effect on the peptidase activity
      assayed towards the synthetic chromophoric hexapeptide Leu-Ser-Phe(NO2)-Nle-Ala
      Leu-OMe. By treating whole bovine pepsin A with potato acid phosphatase during 24
      h at 37 degrees C and pH 5.6, using a 1/100 E/S ratio, almost complete
      dephosphorylation can be reached. The stability of different bovine pepsin A
      preparations, more or less phosphorylated, treated or not with phosphatase was
      also investigated. At pH 2.2, phosphorylated bovine pepsin A is twice more stable
      at 37 degrees C than the dephosphorylated enzymes while dephosphorylated pepsin
      does not exhibit any degradation at pH 5.6, judging by isoelectric focusing
      patterns, or loss of activity. Such a result suggests that post-translational
      phosphorylation might play an essential physiological function by improving the
      stability and integrity of pepsin in the bovine abomasum, the pH of which is very
      acidic (between 1.0 and 2.0).

PMID- 6432065
TI  - [Multiple forms of horse pepsin].
AB  - Using ion-exchange and affinity chromatography and isoelectrofocusing, eight
      forms of pepsin with pI 1.6, 1.8, 2.1, 2.3, 2.6, 2.8, 3.2 and 3.6, were isolated
      from horse gastric juice. The molecular weights, amino acid composition, N
      terminal sequence and functional activity of these multiple forms were
      determined. Partial primary structure of tryptic peptides of pepsin with pI 2.3
      was investigated. The analyzed partial sequences of the forms with pI 1.8, 2.1,
      2.3, and 2.6 have identical structures which differ from the amino acid sequence
      of pepsin with pI 3.2 by four substituents. In terms of their functional
      activity, horse pepsins differ only insignificantly. Presumably, the pepsins
      under study (at least the forms with pI 1.8, 2.1, 2.3, 2.6 and 3.2) arose
      comparatively recently as a result of duplication of the common precursor gene
      and exist at an early stage of structural and functional divergence. As far as
      their primary structure and functional properties are concerned, these pepsins
      are more related to pepsin A than to other isoenzymes of gastric aspartyl
      proteinases of mammalia, e. g., gastricsin or chymosin.

PMID- 6432066
TI  - [Identification and isolation of casein kinase type II from RNA-binding proteins
      of amphibian oocytes].
AB  - Protein kinase previously detected in RNA-binding proteins of amphibian oocytes
      phosphorylates casein far more efficiently than histones to form phosphoserine
      and phosphothreonine and utilizes both ATP and GTP. Heparin in concentrations
      below 1 microgram/ml inhibits protein kinase. This allows to relate the enzyme to
      casein kinases II. Protein kinase was extensively purified (more than 15000-fold)
      with respect to proteins of ribosome-free extract. The homogeneous enzyme
      consists of three polypeptide chains (Mr 43,000, 41,000, and 29,000). The 125I
      labelled enzyme possessing casein kinase and RNA-binding activities when injected
      into amphibian oocytes was detected in the particles identical to free
      cytoplasmic informosomes in terms of their sedimentation properties.

PMID- 6432067
TI  - Role of calcium and the calcium-calmodulin complex in resumption of meiosis,
      cumulus expansion, viability and hyaluronidase sensitivity of bovine cumulus
      oocyte complexes.
AB  - The necessity of calcium (Ca2+) and the Ca2+-calmodulin complex for resumption
      and completion of meiosis, expansion of cumulus cells, viability and
      hyaluronidase sensitivity of in vitro cultured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes
      was examined by inhibition of the Ca2+-calmodulin complex with eight graduated
      doses of trifluoperazine (TFP) and by Ca2+ deficiency or depletion. Doses of TFP
      greater than 2.5 microM decreased the percent of cumulus complexes surviving
      culture and oocytes completing meiosis, whereas cumulus expansion was unaffected
      until the cultures contained a near lethal dose (greater than 10 microM).
      Hyaluronidase caused dispersion of cumulus cells whenever they were expanded
      regardless of TFP dose. In TC-199 media the completion of meiosis I was
      suppressed by 0.1 to 1 mM ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA) (P less than
      0.05) and drastically reduced by 1.0 mM (P less than 0.05). Viability of the
      cumulus-oocyte complex was not reduced until the dose of EDTA was increased to
      1.0 mM (P less than 0.0001). Cumulus expansion was also not suppressed until the
      dose of EDTA reached 1.0 mM (P less than 0.05). In Ca2+-free (CF) basal media
      Eagles, completion of meiosis I was reduced by all doses of EDTA (P less than
      0.05), whereas viability of the cumulus-oocyte complex was decreased by Ca2+
      deficiency or by EDTA addition to basal media Eagles (P less than 0.01). Cumulus
      expansion was unaffected by Ca2+ removal or chelation. In all experiments,
      oocytes which were not degenerate underwent germinal vesicle breakdown regardless
      of treatment.

PMID- 6432068
TI  - Prostaglandin production by dispersed granulosa and theca interna cells from
      porcine preovulatory follicles.
AB  - Prepubertal gilts were treated with 750 IU pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin
      (PMSG) and 72 h later with 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce
      follicular growth and ovulation. Dispersed granulosa (GC) and theca interna (TIC)
      cells were prepared by microdissection and enzymatic digestion from follicles
      obtained 36, 72 and 108 h after PMSG treatment and incubated for up to 6 h in a
      chemically defined medium in the presence or absence of arachidonic acid,
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and indomethacin.
      Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) was
      measured by radioimmunoassay. Both GC and TIC had the capacity to produce
      prostaglandins, with production by each cell type increasing markedly with
      follicular maturation. PGE was the major prostaglandin produced by both cellular
      compartments. Only PGE production by GC was consistently enhanced by addition of
      arachidonic acid to the incubation medium. Neither cell type was responsive to
      FSH and LH in vitro. Indomethacin inhibited the production of PGE and PGF by both
      cell types. These results provide convincing evidence for an intrafollicular
      source of prostaglandins and indicate that both cellular compartments contribute
      significantly to the increased production of prostaglandins associated with
      follicular rupture.

PMID- 6432069
TI  - Androgen synthesis during follicular development: evidence that rat granulosa
      cell 17-ketosteroid reductase is independent of hormonal regulation.
AB  - Although androgens have been implicated in follicular atresia, ovarian follicular
      androgen synthesis is required for preovulatory follicular growth. To localize
      the site(s) of androgen biosynthesis and to obtain a better understanding of the
      regulation of the androgenic pathway(s) in rat ovarian follicles we examined the
      relative abilities of developing follicles to accumulate specific androgens
      [testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] using both radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) and 3H-substrate metabolism techniques. Small antral and preovulatory
      follicles were obtained from control or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-primed
      immature rats, respectively (Richards and Bogovich, 1982). Small antral
      follicles, theca and granulosa cells produced little immunoassayable androgen (T
      + DHT) when incubated with or without 8-bromo-cAMP. In contrast, preovulatory
      follicles and theca produced more androgen than small antral tissues and in a
      manner acutely stimulable by cAMP. Granulosa cells produced little androgen under
      these conditions. Inclusion of [3H] androstenedione in the incubates yielded
      increased accumulation of [3H] T and [3H] DHT for all small antral and
      preovulatory tissues. Indeed, granulosa cells from both small antral and
      preovulatory follicles possessed a remarkable ability to accumulate [3H] T. This
      ability was not altered by hypophysectomy or subsequent treatment with estradiol
      and/or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These results suggest that 17
      ketosteroid reductase may be a constitutive enzyme in granulosa cells.

PMID- 6432070
TI  - Transitory increases of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
      following luteectomy in hemiovariectomized primates significantly increase
      progesterone secretion in vitro by the subsequent corpus luteum.
AB  - Ten chronically hemiovariectomized cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys were
      luteectomized 5.5 +/- 0.3 days after the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surge in two consecutive cycles. The corpus
      luteum (CL) was removed, weighed, dispersed with collagenase and the luteal cells
      counted. Luteal cells (50,000/ml) were incubated in Ham's F10 medium for 3 h at
      37 degrees C either in the presence or absence of 100 ng/ml human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG). Daily blood samples were taken from the monkeys throughout
      the study for determination of LH, FSH, estradiol (E2) and progesterone levels.
      Within 5 days following each luteectomy (LX), all monkeys responded with a
      significant increase in FSH and LH (P less than 0.05). Ovulatory LH/FSH surges
      occurred 14.4 +/- 0.5 days after the first LX. Hormonal profiles of serum
      progesterone prior to the first and second LX, CL weight and number of luteal
      cells/CL were similar (P greater than 0.05). However, luteal cells obtained at
      the second LX produced more progesterone (P less than 0.05) in vitro under basal
      and hCG-stimulated conditions than cells from the first LX. The areas under the
      LH and FSH curves following the first LX were highly correlated (P less than
      0.05) with the in vitro progesterone production following the second LX. Thus,
      the monkeys with the largest areas under the LH and FSH curves subsequently had
      the highest in vitro progesterone production.

PMID- 6432071
TI  - Effect of unilateral ovariectomy on compensatory ovarian hypertrophy, peripheral
      concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and
      ovarian venous concentrations of estradiol-17 beta in prepuberal gilts.
AB  - A study was designed to characterize the compensatory ovarian response to
      unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) in prepuberal gilts and to investigate further the
      mechanisms involved in compensatory ovarian hypertrophy (COH). Forty-eight
      crossbred gilts were sham ovariectomized (Sham) or unilaterally ovariectomized at
      130 days of age (Day 0). Remaining ovaries in ULO gilts were removed and Sham
      gilts were bilaterally ovariectomized 2, 4 or 8 days later. A peripheral blood
      sample was taken before surgery and ovarian venous blood samples were taken
      before removal of each ovary. Serum estradiol-17 beta (E2) concentrations were
      determined. Mean wet and dry ovarian weights per ovary on Day 2 for ULO and Sham
      gilts were 3.4 versus 2.8 and 0.26 versus 0.24 g, respectively. Those weights on
      Days 4 and 8 were greater (P less than 0.01) for ULO than Sham gilts. Follicular
      fluid weight per ovary was greater (P less than 0.05) for ULO than Sham gilts on
      Days 2, 4 and 8. Ovarian venous E2 concentrations were greater (P less than 0.01)
      for ULO than for Sham gilts on Days 2 and 4 but were similar on Day 8. In a
      second experiment, 42 prepuberal gilts 130 days of-age were subjected to Sham (n
      = 18), ULO (n = 18) or bilateral ovariectomy (BLO; n = 6) to evaluate follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion immediately
      after surgical treatment. Release of FSH within the first 24 h was greater for
      BLO than ULO and for ULO than Sham gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432072
TI  - [Effect of T-activin on the production of immune interferon].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of T-activin on the biosynthesis of immune gamma
      interferon. It was shown that in 27% of patients with chronic nonspecific
      pulmonary diseases, production of gamma-interferon by lymphocytes was
      substantially reduced during exacerbation of inflammatory process in the lungs.
      It was discovered that T-activin was not an interferon inductor but enhanced its
      synthesis in patients with a low capacity of producing immune interferon even at
      small doses of interferon inductor. The preparation does not produce any effect
      on this process in normal subjects and in patients showing the normal level of
      gamma-interferon. Thus T-activin can be used for stimulation of
      interferonogenesis.

PMID- 6432073
TI  - [Changes in antitumor resistance during chemical carcinogenesis].
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of 4 mg DMBA to noninbred rats leads to a considerable
      decrease in host resistance to cancer, which progresses with tumor growth. The
      rats with inhibited host resistance to cancer accepted well, at the stage of
      tumor germ, the DMBA-induced tumors from other animals, permitting them to grow-
      the phenomenon that was not observed in normal noninbred young rats. At the stage
      of clinically demonstrable nodules at the sites of DMBA injections, the tumors
      with different transplantability did not only get adapted but developed distant
      metastases in part of the animals.

PMID- 6432074
TI  - Abnormal VIII: von Willebrand factor patterns in the plasma of patients with the
      hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
AB  - Plasma VIII:von Willebrand factor antigen (VIII:vWF) levels were elevated
      approximately two- to eightfold in seven patients (three adults and four
      children) during acute episodes of thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and hemolytic
      anemia (the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, HUS). In all seven patients, there was an
      alteration in plasma VIII:vWF patterns during these acute HUS episodes, so that
      the largest VIII:vWF forms were relatively decreased. Plasma VIII:vWF multimer
      patterns returned to normal, or nearly to normal, as platelet counts returned to
      preexisting levels, even in the patients whose recovery of renal function was
      incomplete and whose plasma VIII:vWF antigen level remained above normal. The
      sister of one of the HUS patients had a similar clinical prodrome
      (gastroenteritis) that was not followed by thrombocytopenia or renal failure and
      was not accompanied by an elevated level or abnormal forms of plasma VIII:vWF.
      These results suggest that an alteration in VIII:vWF metabolism, distribution, or
      interaction with platelets is associated with acute HUS episodes. In contrast to
      patients with chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, none of the
      HUS patients (either during or after the acute HUS episodes) had a defect in the
      conversion of unusually large VIII:vWF multimers derived from endothelial cells
      to the VIII:vWF forms found in normal plasma.

PMID- 6432075
TI  - Studies of the pathophysiology of acquired von Willebrand's disease in seven
      patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or benign monoclonal gammopathies.
AB  - In seven patients with acquired von Willebrand's disease (AvWD) associated with
      lymphoproliferative disorders or benign monoclonal gammopathies, the platelet
      contents of von Willebrand factor antigen and ristocetin cofactor (vWF:Ag and
      vWF:RiCof, respectively) were normal. All the multimers of vWF:Ag could be seen
      in the 1.6% SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis patterns of plasma and platelet
      lysates. Infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) augmented plasma
      levels of vWF:Ag and vWF:RiCof of all patients and corrected prolonged bleeding
      times (BT). However, compared with patients with congenital vWD type I and
      comparable degrees of baseline abnormalities treated in the same way, vWF:Ag and
      vWF:RiCof were increased less and cleared more rapidly from plasma and the BT
      remained normal for a shorter period of time. These studies provide evidence that
      these AvWD patients have qualitatively normal vWF in plasma, but at lower
      concentrations, that vWF in platelets is normal both qualitatively and
      quantitatively, and that cellular vWF can be rapidly released into plasma by
      DDAVP to correct the hemostatic abnormalities. However, vWF is removed rapidly
      from plasma, making the correction more transient than in congenital vWD type I.

PMID- 6432076
TI  - The idiotypic characteristics of human antibodies to factor VIII.
AB  - We have prepared an antiidiotype antibody that specifically reacts with and
      inactivates a human autoantibody to factor VIII (VIII:C). The antiidiotype
      specificity of this rabbit antibody was evident in solution, as specific
      inhibition of anti-VIII:C activity, and in solid-phase studies. The antiidiotype
      antibody inhibited both plasma anti-VIII:C and Fab' fragments prepared from that
      plasma's IgG. Although the antibody had a greater inhibitory effect on the anti
      VIII:C used for immunization than it did for other anti-VIII:C, partial
      inhibition was identified with ten of 25 other human anti-VIII:C. The
      demonstration that antiidiotype antibodies can be prepared to human anti-VIII:C
      indicates the feasibility of this approach to the immunochemical characterization
      of human anti-VIII:C inhibitors. Moreover, antiidiotype reagents have a potential
      role in the treatment of inhibitor patients.

PMID- 6432077
TI  - Persistence and fate of methyl parathion in sea water.

PMID- 6432078
TI  - Metabolism of chlorobiphenyls in soil.

PMID- 6432079
TI  - Hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary PCBs (Aroclor 1254) in Fischer rats.

PMID- 6432080
TI  - Oil and PCB interactions on the uptake and excretion in midges.

PMID- 6432081
TI  - Effect of insecticides on soil algal population.

PMID- 6432082
TI  - Community care in Camberwell. A two-year follow-up of a cohort of long-term
      users.
AB  - A census was taken of all patients in psychiatric hostels and homes, psychiatric
      day care, and short-term in-patient care who also had at least one year's history
      of contact with services. During the following two years, 61% of the patients
      stayed continuously in day or residential care, while 17% were discharged from
      care within the first year and made no further use of day or residential
      services. Two main patterns of contact were evident-repeated short-term in
      patient care or longer-term care in services outside hospital. Their most
      important determinant was whether a viable marriage still existed for the
      patient.

PMID- 6432083
TI  - Drug combinations for chronic depression.

PMID- 6432084
TI  - Maximum oxygen consumption rate and dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids in humans.
AB  - The relationship of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) with dihydrogenated ergot
      alkaloids was investigated in twelve young men. They were subjected to graded
      bicycle exercise with work loads corresponding to 75% and 120% of the load
      necessary to elicit VO2 max. The exercise tests were performed after intravenous
      administration of 2 mg dihydroergostin (DE-145) as well as after saline as
      control, both preparations were given double-blind. VO2 max averaged (SD) 3.36
      (0.41) 1/min and no significant difference was disclosed between the DE-145 and
      the control situation. Normal relationships were observed between VO2 and work
      load, ventilation, heart rate, cardiac output, central venous pressure and acid
      base data, and these relations were unaffected by DE-145 administration. Nausea
      was constantly seen in all subjects tested with DE-145. It is concluded, that the
      present dose of DE-145 has no influence on the functional capacity of the oxygen
      transporting system in sedentary young men.

PMID- 6432085
TI  - Snoring and its treatment.

PMID- 6432086
TI  - A fair trial?

PMID- 6432087
TI  - Ultrasound brain scanning in the newborn.

PMID- 6432088
TI  - Autoantibodies in lupus and its variants: experience in 1000 patients.

PMID- 6432089
TI  - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and iritis: an association suggesting an
      immunological cause.
AB  - Of 47 insulin requiring diabetics aged 21-40 years with autonomic neuropathy
      (heart rate variability less than 10), 14 had previously developed iritis. In all
      except two cases the iritis preceded the autonomic symptoms. The autonomic
      neuropathy was very severe, 10 patients having two or more characteristic
      symptoms. Ten of the patients with iritis were women. The association of iritis
      (itself an immune disorder) with severe symptomatic autonomic neuropathy raises
      the possibility of an underlying immunological basis for autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 6432090
TI  - Risk of minor and major fetal malformations in diabetics with high haemoglobin
      A1c values in early pregnancy.
AB  - Maternal haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were measured before the end of the 15th
      week of gestation in 142 pregnancies in women with insulin dependent diabetes. In
      pregnancies complicated by fetal malformations (n = 17) the mean initial HbA1c
      value was 9.5 (SD 1.8)% of the total haemoglobin concentration, which was
      significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than in pregnancies without
      malformations (8.0 (SD 1.4)%; n = 125). HbA1c values did not differ between
      pregnancies complicated by minor and major fetal malformations, but the rate of
      malformations showed a positive relation to the HbA1c value in early pregnancy
      (chi 2 = 11.9; p = 0.001). Fetal malformations occurred in six out of 17
      pregnancies (35.3%) in mothers whose initial HbA1c value was 10% or more, in
      eight out of 62 pregnancies (12.9%) in mothers with initial values between 8.0%
      and 9.9%, and in only three out of 63 pregnancies (4.8%) in mothers with an
      initial value below 8.0%. These data support the hypothesis that the increased
      incidence of fetal malformations in mothers with insulin dependent diabetes is
      associated with maternal hyperglycaemia during organogenesis. Hence diabetic
      women who are planning to have a child--especially those with a high HbA1c value-
      should receive intensified metabolic control.

PMID- 6432091
TI  - Metabolic acidosis induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and salicylates in
      patients with normal renal function.
AB  - Two young patients with unimpaired renal and hepatic function were found to have
      developed metabolic acidosis after treatment for glaucoma and joint pain with a
      combination of salicylates and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in normal doses.
      Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors appear to interact with salicylates to produce
      serious metabolic acidosis in patients without the predisposing factors generally
      considered to constitute risks. It is recommended that treatment combining
      salicylates and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is either kept to a minimum or
      avoided.

PMID- 6432092
TI  - Trends in sales of drugs for asthma in New Zealand, Australia, and the United
      Kingdom, 1975-81.
AB  - As part of an investigation into the recent epidemic of deaths from asthma in New
      Zealand, trends in the sales of drugs for asthma in New Zealand, Australia, and
      the United Kingdom during 1975-81 were examined. Data on sales of drugs were
      obtained from an international pharmaceutical market research organisation. A
      striking increase in sales of sympathomimetic aerosols, steroid aerosols, and
      theophylline per caput occurred in all three countries, with the greatest
      increase occurring in New Zealand. Sales of sodium cromoglycate also increased in
      New Zealand and the UK but fell in Australia. By 1981 New Zealand had the highest
      sales of all these drugs per caput. Explanations for the rising mortality from
      asthma in New Zealand despite large increases in drug sales need to be explored.
      Although the temporal association between mortality and sales of drugs suggests
      that direct drug toxicity is unlikely, there may be more subtle adverse effects
      of drug use.

PMID- 6432093
TI  - Diazepam tolerance: effect of age, regular sedation, and alcohol.
AB  - The dose of intravenous diazepam required for sedation was estimated in a series
      of 78 patients aged 17-85 years given the drug for dental and endoscopic
      procedures. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation (r =
      0.71; p less than 0.001) between dose and age, body weight, the taking of regular
      sedation, and the taking of more than 40 g alcohol daily, but there were no
      differences in the doses required between men and women, smokers and non-smokers,
      inpatients and outpatients, or dental and endoscopy patients. Patients aged 80
      required an average dose of 10 mg and patients aged 20 an average dose of 30 mg,
      and the dose required was much higher in those receiving regular sedation or
      having a high alcohol intake. Plasma total and free diazepam concentrations were
      measured in the second half of the series of patients (n = 37). Plasma
      concentrations required for sedation fell twofold to threefold between the ages
      of 20 and 80 and were significantly higher in those taking regular sedation or
      alcohol. Differences in the acute response to diazepam appeared to be due to
      differences in the sensitivity of the central nervous system (pharmacodynamic
      tolerance) rather than to differences in pharmacokinetic factors.

PMID- 6432094
TI  - Idiosyncratic reactions to carbamazepine mimicking viral infection in children.

PMID- 6432095
TI  - Doses of aminophylline given intravenously in casualty department and resulting
      serum theophylline concentrations.

PMID- 6432096
TI  - Can Trichomonas vaginalis cause pneumonia in newborn babies?

PMID- 6432097
TI  - Argyll Robertson pupils due to neurosarcoidosis: evidence for site of lesion.

PMID- 6432098
TI  - Getting the run around.

PMID- 6432099
TI  - Vocational training for general practitioners: II.

PMID- 6432100
TI  - Ablative radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism: long term follow up study.
AB  - A total of 225 patients were treated for hyperthyroidism with 555 MBq (15 mCi)
      radioiodine to ablate the thyroid and induce early hypothyroidism. The efficacy
      of this treatment in eradicating hyperthyroidism and problems of follow up were
      assessed one to six years later from case records and questionnaires. Information
      was received from 197 out of 219 live patients (90%) and from 160 doctors
      concerning 207 patients (92%). Only three patients were not traced and six had
      died since treatment. The modal time to hypothyroidism was three months, and 64%
      of patients were hypothyroid at one year; 5.6% had failed to become euthyroid
      within one year. Ninety five per cent of patients had been seen by the doctor and
      82% had had a thyroid test done within the past two years. Most doctors preferred
      patients to be returned to their care once thyroxine treatment was stabilised. An
      ablative dose of 131I is recommended as an effective means of treatment which has
      clear advantages over conventional methods. Good communications and effective
      follow up should ensure success.

PMID- 6432101
TI  - Teaching medical ethics.

PMID- 6432102
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Eliminating poisons.

PMID- 6432103
TI  - Aneurysm of anterior communicating artery masquerading as Adams-Stokes disease.

PMID- 6432104
TI  - Can nocturnal emergency surgery be reduced?

PMID- 6432105
TI  - Treatment of oesophageal cancer: proposal for a national society.

PMID- 6432106
TI  - Low osmolar contrast media.

PMID- 6432107
TI  - Leptospirosis in cattle and man.

PMID- 6432108
TI  - Private rest homes.

PMID- 6432109
TI  - Experts can already tell the government why children smoke: no psychiatrist
      needed.

PMID- 6432110
TI  - Perspectives in NHS management. Doctors have management responsibilities too.

PMID- 6432111
TI  - Taming high technology.

PMID- 6432112
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta 1984.

PMID- 6432113
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolaemia: renewed interest in an old problem.

PMID- 6432114
TI  - Medical education and manpower in the European Economic Community.

PMID- 6432115
TI  - Metoclopramide and tardive dyskinesia in the elderly.

PMID- 6432116
TI  - Graves' disease and atrial fibrillation: the case for even higher doses of
      therapeutic iodine-131.
AB  - Seventy five consecutive patients with Graves' disease complicated by atrial
      fibrillation were given a large single therapeutic dose of 600 MBq (16.2 mCi)
      iodine-131 in an effort to control their hyperthyroidism rapidly and thus restore
      sinus rhythm. Patients were initially followed up every three months after
      treatment and then at yearly intervals. The mean period of follow up was 3.1
      years. A total of 44 of the patients became hypothyroid and 31 euthyroid, and 33
      (75%) and 14 (45%) of these patients, respectively, reverted to sinus rhythm (p
      less than 0.01). Of the 33 who became hypothyroid and reverted to sinus rhythm,
      30 had developed the hypothyroidism within six months after treatment. These
      results are a strong case for increasing the dose of radioiodine in patients with
      Graves' disease complicated by atrial fibrillation in an effort to speed the
      onset of thyroid failure and thus maximise the rate of reversion to sinus rhythm.

PMID- 6432117
TI  - Deposition of eosinophil cationic protein in granulomas in allergic
      granulomatosis and vasculitis: the Churg-Strauss syndrome.
AB  - Biopsy specimens and tissues obtained at necropsy from two women who died after
      developing the Churg-Strauss syndrome were analysed to see whether granulomas in
      these patients contained activated eosinophils or secreted eosinophil cationic
      proteins, or both. Immunocytochemical studies with monoclonal antibody EG2 showed
      large amounts of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein-X (which are
      toxic for heart cells and other tissues) in the granulomas. Many activated and
      degranulating eosinophils were seen to be migrating from the blood into these
      areas. Eosinophils may play a central part in the development of lesions in the
      heart and other tissues in the Churg-Strauss syndrome.

PMID- 6432118
TI  - Home care for patients with suspected myocardial infarction: use made by general
      practitioners of a hospital team for initial management.
AB  - Two hundred and sixty three general practitioners were offered the use of a
      hospital based service consisting of a medical senior house officer, a nurse
      attached to a coronary care unit, and a specially equipped ambulance estate car
      to help with the initial management of patients with suspected myocardial
      infarction who might be suitable for home care. One hundred and sixty nine
      general practitioners registered as potential users of this service; during 22
      months they called the hospital team to see 271 patients, 235 of whom the team
      suspected had indeed suffered a myocardial infarction. During the same period,
      however, these general practitioners also admitted 317 patients with suspected
      myocardial infarction directly to hospital. Other general practitioners admitted
      323 patients and deputising doctors 258. A further 529 patients with suspected
      infarction were admitted without the intervention of a general practitioner. Of
      the patients seen by the team, 54 required immediate admission to hospital; 17 of
      the remaining patients who initially appeared suitable for home care later
      required admission to hospital. In a large city such as Nottingham the provision
      of hospital based facilities to help general practitioners with home management
      is unlikely to make an appreciable impact on the overall pattern of care of
      patients with suspected myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6432119
TI  - Beta blockade, diuretics, and salt restriction for the management of mild
      hypertension: a randomised double blind trial.
AB  - Ninety four patients with mild hypertension (average supine diastolic blood
      pressure (phase V) 95-110 mm Hg) were allocated at random to receive restriction
      of dietary sodium (maximum allowed 70 mmol(mEq)/24 h) or a normal diet. In
      addition, they received in random order 25 mg chlorthalidone, 200 mg metoprolol
      (slow release), and a fixed combination of these two drugs. Each drug treatment
      was given for four weeks and alternated with four weeks of placebo. Forty four
      patients were allocated to sodium restriction (group 1) and 50 to normal diet
      (group 2). The mean 24 hour urinary sodium excretion in group 1 was 74 (SD 31)
      mmol(mEq)/24 h, and in group 2 132 (51) mmol/24 h. Compared with the screening
      blood pressure the average decrement of the supine blood pressure in group 1 was
      16.0/8.6 mm Hg with placebo, 21.7/11.5 mm Hg with the diuretic, 28.5/17.8 mm Hg
      with the beta blocker, and 28.9/18.4 mm Hg with the combined agent; in group 2
      these values were 13.3/6.1, 20.3/9.7, 21.3/12.9, and 29.4/16.8 mm Hg,
      respectively. There was a sharp decrease of the average potassium concentration
      during chlorthalidone and combination treatment periods (average value 3.3
      mmol(mEq)/1). These results suggest that moderate salt restriction used as sole
      treatment has a limited though demonstrable blood pressure lowering effect but
      that when it is used as an adjuvant to beta blocker treatment its value is
      greatly enhanced.

PMID- 6432120
TI  - The lupus syndrome induced by hydralazine: a common complication with low dose
      treatment.
AB  - The true incidence of the lupus syndrome induced by hydralazine was determined in
      a longitudinal study of 281 patients consecutively starting hydralazine for
      hypertension over a 51 month period. Data on the duration of treatment and the
      maximum dose achieved were examined using life table analysis. After three years'
      treatment with hydralazine the incidence of the lupus syndrome was 6.7% (95%
      confidence limits 3.2-10.2%). The incidence was dose dependent, with no cases
      recorded in patients taking 50 mg daily and incidences of 5.4% with 100 mg daily
      and of 10.4% with 200 mg daily. The incidence was higher in women (11.6%) than in
      men (2.8%). In women taking 200 mg daily the three year incidence was 19.4%.
      Hydralazine is an effective antihypertensive drug that has come to be used in
      restricted dosage (not more than 200 mg daily) because of its risk of inducing
      the lupus syndrome. This study shows that the true incidence of the syndrome is
      still unacceptably high even when the drug is prescribed according to current
      recommendations.

PMID- 6432121
TI  - Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests.

PMID- 6432122
TI  - Availability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs over the counter:
      information needed.

PMID- 6432123
TI  - Formed visual hallucinations with pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 6432124
TI  - Age-sex registers as a screening tool for general practice: size of the wrong
      address problem.
AB  - Age-sex registers were compiled and updated for the east London general practices
      participating in a screening study for hypertension. Of 1435 addresses in the
      registers of two practices that were checked, 228 (16%) were incorrect, according
      to the return by the post office of the screening invitations and checking the
      addresses of the non-responders using telephone directories and the medical
      records. The non-responders to the screening invitation for whom a new address
      was not found, were visited at the address as recorded on the age-sex register.
      This showed that the true address error rate from the original age-sex registers
      was 26% and thus substantially greater than that calculated from returned
      letters. It is concluded that the non-acceptance rate of screening in general
      practice might be exaggerated as a result of the lack of a correct address for a
      substantial proportion of the patients on a general practice list.

PMID- 6432125
TI  - Looking after your new employee.

PMID- 6432126
TI  - Which patients are likely to die in an accident and emergency department?
AB  - Four hundred and eighty-eight deaths occurring in an accident and emergency
      department over five years were analysed. Their causes were categorised as
      medical, surgical, or traumatic. Medical causes accounted for 87% of the deaths,
      of which 60% were from cardiac conditions. Blood loss was an important factor in
      over half the deaths from surgical and traumatic causes. Lives might have been
      saved by considering infectious disease in patients with medical conditions and
      by undertaking more rapid blood transfusion, earlier chest drainage, and lateral
      cervical spine x rays in appropriate surgical or traumatic cases. The admission
      to casualty departments of people with terminal neoplasms should be discouraged.
      The management of medical emergencies should be emphasised when training accident
      and emergency department staff.

PMID- 6432127
TI  - Computer assisted management of warfarin treatment.
AB  - Maintenance of anticoagulation is laborious and costly, and the results are often
      indifferent. An automatic system which adjusts the dose of warfarin has been
      designed using a formula devised after a survey of prescribing habits. Programs
      running on a microcomputer maintain a file of the necessary information and deal
      with the bulk of the weekly clinic. Dosage is advised, the date of the next visit
      determined, and the file updated. A doctor uses the console to advise some 10% of
      patients reserved for special reasons. The system produces clinic and ambulance
      lists, copies of the advice sent to patients, and, as a protection against
      machine failure, a weekly copy of the updated file. The results after 16 months
      are at least as good as those achieved manually. Medical and secretarial time is
      saved, and statistics about the clinic and its efficacy are made available.

PMID- 6432128
TI  - "I have a bone stuck in my throat".
AB  - Any patient claiming to have swallowed a bone and to have it stuck in his throat
      should be believed. The bone will probably not show in a lateral radiograph of
      the neck. The bone must be looked for and removed: otherwise the patient may die
      of septic complications.

PMID- 6432129
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Laboratory investigations in acute poisoning.

PMID- 6432130
TI  - Which deliveries require paediatricians in attendance?

PMID- 6432131
TI  - Diabetogenic effects of nifedipine.

PMID- 6432132
TI  - Appropriate technology: child health.

PMID- 6432133
TI  - Selenium in coeliac disease.

PMID- 6432134
TI  - Active and passive smoking.

PMID- 6432135
TI  - Aiding and abetting suicide.

PMID- 6432136
TI  - Analysis of the work of independent acute hospitals in England and Wales, 1981.

PMID- 6432137
TI  - Whistle for your wind.

PMID- 6432138
TI  - True left ventricular aneurysm.

PMID- 6432139
TI  - Deputising services.

PMID- 6432140
TI  - Circulating growth hormone releasing factor concentrations in normal subjects and
      patients with acromegaly.
AB  - A highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed for measuring
      circulating growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) in human plasma. Before
      measuring immunoreactive GRF plasma samples were extracted on to Vycor glass.
      Immunoreactive GRF concentrations in plasma samples from 37 fasting normal
      subjects ranged from less than 10 to 60 ng/l (mean 21 ng/l). Fasting
      concentrations in 76 out of 80 acromegalic subjects were within the normal range,
      but the remaining four patients had values of 92 to 25 000 ng/l. Of these, only
      the patient with the highest concentration had evidence of ectopic GRF secretion
      from a disseminated carcinoid tumour. Two of the others had longstanding
      pituitary tumours, and the fourth patient had a pituitary growth hormone (GH)
      secreting tumour proved by its removal and subsequent remission of acromegaly.
      There was no correlation between serum GH and plasma immunoreactive GRF
      concentrations, irrespective of whether the patients were untreated or had been
      given radiotherapy or dopamine agonists. The assay should help elucidate the
      physiological role(s) of GRF and may also prove useful in differentiating between
      pituitary and hypothalamic defects in patients with acromegaly.

PMID- 6432141
TI  - Severe hypophosphataemia during recovery from acute respiratory acidosis.
AB  - Three elderly patients with established chronic obstructive airways disease were
      admitted with a short history of increasing dyspnoea and tiredness and (in two
      cases) a deterioration in mental state. Acute respiratory acidosis was diagnosed
      and mechanical ventilation instituted. Two hours after beginning mechanical
      ventilation the mean arterial pH had risen to 7.40, but all patients showed a
      dramatic fall in the serum phosphate concentration (lowest value 0.3 mmol/l (0.9
      mg/100 ml] accompanied by a low urinary excretion of phosphate. No patient could
      tolerate withdrawal of mechanical ventilation until the serum and urinary
      concentrations of phosphate had returned to normal. Recovery from acute
      respiratory acidosis should be added to the list of conditions associated with
      severe hypophosphataemia.

PMID- 6432142
TI  - Increasing saliva (free) oestriol to progesterone ratio in late pregnancy: a role
      for oestriol in initiating spontaneous labour in man?
AB  - Oestriol and progesterone concentrations were measured in samples of saliva
      obtained daily from six normal women during the final four weeks before the
      spontaneous onset of labour. Progesterone concentrations were found to plateau
      whereas oestriol concentrations continued to rise so that the mean ratio of
      saliva oestriol to progesterone increased from 0.80 to 1.43 between 29 days and
      one day before labour. Saliva oestriol concentrations were 15 times higher than
      saliva oestradiol concentrations. As saliva steroid concentrations reflect the
      unbound unconjugated (free) plasma steroid concentrations these data suggest that
      a changing ratio of oestriol to progesterone may play a part in initiating
      spontaneous labour in man.

PMID- 6432143
TI  - Bereavement and cancer: some data on deaths of spouses from the longitudinal
      study of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.
AB  - Registration of cancer and mortality after the death of a spouse were assessed
      using data from the longitudinal study of the Office of Population Censuses and
      Surveys (OPCS). The study population comprised 1% of the people counted in
      England and Wales in the 1971 census, for whom data on subsequent vital events
      were linked with their census records. There was little evidence of an increase
      in registrations of cancer after the death of a spouse and only a slight
      suggestion of increased mortality from cancer. For other causes of death there
      was some evidence of increases in mortality during widow(er)hood. In so far as
      the death of a spouse is often a very stressful event, these data may be
      interpreted as providing little support for the hypothesis that stress is
      implicated in the aetiology of cancer.

PMID- 6432144
TI  - Death certification in cancer of the breast.
AB  - The cause of death entered on the death certificates of 193 patients originally
      diagnosed as having cancer of the breast was compared with information obtained
      from clinical records, cancer registry records, and necropsy findings to
      determine the accuracy of death certification and the proportion of patients who,
      though dying from another cause, still had overt signs of cancer of the breast.
      It was found that the overall error in certifying cause of death as breast cancer
      was small, being an underestimate of about 4%. About a third of patients with
      breast cancer dying from other causes had overt signs of breast cancer at the
      time of death.

PMID- 6432145
TI  - Intermittent self catheterisation in adults.

PMID- 6432146
TI  - Deputising services: the portsmouth experience.
AB  - An analysis of the deputising service in the city of Portsmouth showed that the
      workload of doctors was not excessive and there was no evidence that the number
      of calls was higher than in areas where no deputising service exists. Sixty seven
      per cent of patients were seen within one hour of requesting a call and 93%
      within two hours. Seven per cent of patients were admitted to hospital and 88% of
      these were seen within one hour of requesting medical care. Drugs were prescribed
      at 65% of all contacts between doctor and patient which compares favourably with
      prescribing rates for consultations in general practice. A notable feature of the
      Portsmouth scheme is that all subscribers who use the deputising service have to
      agree to participate as a deputy, with 90% of deputies being practising general
      practitioners or eligible to be principals in general practice. This has probably
      conserved costs and hospital resources.

PMID- 6432148
TI  - Becoming pregnant for the first time.

PMID- 6432147
TI  - Use of deputising services and night visit rates in general practice.
AB  - Examining all of the claim forms for night visits submitted to the Nottingham
      Family Practitioner Committee over a three month period allowed us to calculate
      the night visit rate for all 184 practices in Nottinghamshire. To take all of the
      practices together the mean night visit rate (covering all visits requested and
      made between 11 00 pm and 7 00 am) was 15.5 visits per 1000 patients a year,
      range 1.2 to 46.1. Whether or not a deputising service is used accounted for 12%
      of the total variance detected, while the other factors studied, such as area of
      practice, patient list size, and number of partners, accounted for approximately
      1% each. The local deputising service responds to 97% of night calls with a visit
      to the patient, whereas the patient's own doctor is more likely to provide advice
      over the telephone. The ability to provide telephone advice, however, will vary
      according to the breakdown of the practice by age and social class.

PMID- 6432149
TI  - Screening cord blood for sickle haemoglobinopathies in Brent.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1983, 3165 consecutive specimens of cord blood were tested at
      the Central Middlesex Hospital for the presence of an abnormal haemoglobin: the
      incidence of sickle cell trait was 2.8%, of HbC trait 0.9%, and the overall
      incidence of an abnormal haemoglobin at birth was 6.9%. Five babies with
      homozygous sickle cell disease, three with HbSC, and three with either HbCC or
      HbC beta thalassaemia were detected. Twenty two per cent of the mothers were of
      Afro-Caribbean origin. The cost of the test was 30p. An H6000 blood count was
      carried out on 1000 consecutive cord blood samples. The mean red cell volume was
      97.95 (SD 3.67) fl. Thirteen cord blood samples had a mean cell volume below 85
      fl, and all contained Hb Barts. In addition, six samples with a mean cell volume
      between 86 and 92 fl also showed Hb Barts on electrophoresis. The overall
      incidence of Hb Barts was 2.1%. These results indicate that the incidence of HbSS
      and HbSC on neonatal screening in Brent is similar to that found in the urban
      areas of North America and that the number may be predicted from the number of
      births to mothers of Afro-Caribbean origin.

PMID- 6432150
TI  - Do you shake hands with mothers of floppy babies?

PMID- 6432151
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Problems in children.

PMID- 6432152
TI  - How might we improve surgical services for rural populations in developing
      countries?

PMID- 6432153
TI  - Surgical waiting lists.

PMID- 6432154
TI  - AIDS: an old disease from Africa?

PMID- 6432155
TI  - Rifampicin in non-tuberculous infections.

PMID- 6432156
TI  - Doctor's attitudes to risk in difficult clinical decisions.

PMID- 6432158
TI  - Letters from general practitioners to hospitals.

PMID- 6432157
TI  - Quetelet index in diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6432159
TI  - The spleen preserved.

PMID- 6432160
TI  - Doubts about linear analogue scales.

PMID- 6432161
TI  - Campylobacter infection mimicking Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6432162
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infection in thalassemia major.

PMID- 6432163
TI  - Unrecognised femoral fractures in patients with paraplegia due to multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 6432164
TI  - End of static decade for coronary disease?

PMID- 6432165
TI  - Psittacosis.

PMID- 6432166
TI  - Disaster at the dining table.

PMID- 6432167
TI  - Prophylaxis against unipolar depression.

PMID- 6432168
TI  - Double first in Wales.

PMID- 6432169
TI  - Management of chronic urinary retention.

PMID- 6432170
TI  - Impaired osteoblast function in osteoporosis: comparison between calcium balance
      and dynamic histomorphometry.
AB  - Osteoblast function was investigated in 27 patients with idiopathic osteoporosis.
      Transiliac bone biopsy specimens were taken after double labelling with
      tetracycline, and metabolic calcium balance was studied almost simultaneously.
      Many of the patients showed poor double labelling of their otherwise unremarkable
      trabecular osteoid, suggesting impaired formation of bone at many of these
      surfaces. This phenomenon was not accompanied by increased width of osteoid seams
      (as seen in osteomalacia), indicating that formation of the matrix and its
      mineralisation were in equilibrium. For the first time, highly significant
      positive correlations (p less than 0.01) were found between indices of bone
      formation, determined by labelling with tetracycline, and calcium balance. Thus
      some patients with osteoporosis who are rapidly losing bone have low rates of
      formation of trabecular bone both by individual osteoblasts and in relation to
      available bone surfaces. As histological indices of bone resorption also
      independently correlated strongly and inversely (p less than 0.01) with calcium
      balance the rate of initiation of new basic multicellular units by osteoclastic
      resorption of trabecular surfaces (or the depth of resorption at these surfaces)
      also appears to be an important determinant of mineral balance. The mechanisms
      that regulate the effective life span of mature osteoblasts require further
      investigation, particularly as some promising treatments that can increase
      trabecular bone volume in osteoporosis, such as parathyroid peptide hPTH (1-34)
      and sodium fluoride, must work through a reversal of osteoblastic depression.

PMID- 6432172
TI  - Omeprazole in duodenal ulceration: acid inhibition, symptom relief, endoscopic
      healing, and recurrence. Cooperative study.
AB  - In a preliminary study to compare the effects of different doses of omeprazole 44
      patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulceration randomly received
      omeprazole 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, or 60 mg daily for four weeks. After four weeks
      the ulcer had healed in 41 of the 43 patients who completed the course of
      treatment; the proportions of patients whose ulcer healed were similar between
      the four dosage groups. Most patients were symptom free after one week of
      treatment. Seven patients reported a total of eight adverse events. With the
      exception of one patient who had persistent nausea and was withdrawn from the
      study, all the adverse events resolved spontaneously during continued treatment
      with the same dose of omeprazole. Pentagastrin tests were performed before the
      study and after four weeks' treatment. The mean inhibition of peak acid output
      measured 24 hours after the last dose was 61%, 94%, 91%, and 81% with omeprazole
      20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, and 60 mg respectively. During the first six months after
      the end of treatment 11 out of 36 patients had a symptomatic, endoscopically
      diagnosed recurrence of ulceration; the median time to relapse was 10 (range 6
      23) weeks.

PMID- 6432171
TI  - Plasma lipids and insulin in gall stone disease: a case-control study.
AB  - Fasting plasma lipid and insulin concentrations were measured in 173 patients
      with gall stones and 284 hospital controls to investigate their relationship to
      this disease. Multivariate methods of analysis were used to estimate the net
      associations between individual plasma variables and the risk of developing gall
      stones. In both sexes increased plasma insulin values were associated with an
      increased risk of gall stones independently of plasma triglyceride values;
      increased plasma triglyceride concentrations were associated with an increased
      risk of gall stones in young subjects only; increased plasma total cholesterol
      concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of gall stones only after
      controlling for plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations; while increased
      plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were associated with a
      decreased risk of gall stones, but were confounded by plasma insulin and
      triglyceride values. These associations were independent of obesity and dietary
      intake.

PMID- 6432173
TI  - Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation in the treatment of
      fissure in ano in outpatients: a prospective randomised study.
AB  - Fifty eight patients with idiopathic chronic anal fissure were included in a
      randomised prospective trial of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus simple
      anal dilatation carried out as outpatient procedures. Operations were performed
      under local anaesthesia and the patients reviewed 10-30 months later (median
      follow up time 18 months). Altogether 30 patients were treated by lateral
      subcutaneous sphincterotomy and 28 by anal dilatation. No serious complications
      were observed in either group. One recurrence was observed in the group treated
      by sphincterotomy, whereas eight occurred in the other group (p less than 0.05).
      Functional results with respect to impaired control of flatus and soiling of
      underwear were significantly better after sphincterotomy (p less than 0.002). It
      is concluded that lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice
      for idiopathic chronic anal fissure resistant to conservative measures.

PMID- 6432174
TI  - Current practice of diagnostic lumbar puncture.

PMID- 6432175
TI  - Oral contraceptives and stroke: findings in a large prospective study.

PMID- 6432176
TI  - Polymicrobial septicaemia due to Clostridium difficile and Bacteroides fragilis.

PMID- 6432177
TI  - Oral rehydration without added bicarbonate for childhood gastroenteritis.

PMID- 6432178
TI  - DRCOG: Time for change?

PMID- 6432179
TI  - General practitioner and health promotion: what patients think.
AB  - Although there has been growing interest in general practitioners' participation
      in promoting health, little is known about the attitudes of their patients. Thus
      we sent a copy of a self administered questionnaire (the Health Survey
      Questionnaire) to 3452 patients aged 17-70 who were registered with two practices
      in north west London. Questions about attitudes to and perceptions of general
      practitioners' interest in weight, smoking, drinking, and fitness problems were
      included. The patients were also asked whether they thought that they had a
      problem in any of these areas. The response rate was 72%. Of those who responded,
      the proportions who thought that their general practitioners should be interested
      ranged from 72% in the case of fitness to 83% for weight, but only 38% thought
      that general practitioners had in fact been interested in fitness and only 48%
      thought so about weight. Forty one per cent of the respondents thought that they
      had a fitness problem, 42% a weight problem, and 59% of the smokers thought that
      they had a smoking problem. Four per cent of respondents stated that they had a
      drinking problem. Of those patients who said that they had a problem, the
      proportions who thought that their general practitioners had seemed interested
      ranged from 43% for fitness to 69% for smoking. The findings of this study
      suggest that greater participation by general practitioners in health promotion
      would be well received by most patients and that currently there may be
      considerable discrepancies between patients' expectations and their perception of
      their general practitioner's interest in these areas of preventive medicine.

PMID- 6432180
TI  - Preliminary experience with a hospital blood pressure follow up clinic with nurse
      practitioner assessment and microprocessor based data retrieval.
AB  - Experience over two years with 376 hypertensive patients managed at a clinic
      where the primary observations are made by a trained nurse, clinical information
      is held on a microprocessor, and treatment follows a standard stepped care
      approach has been assessed. Blood pressure control after both one and two years
      was appreciably improved, with over 70% of patients having diastolic pressure
      below 90 mm Hg compared with 22% of patients when they first attended the new
      clinic. The non-attendance rate was half that of the conventional hospital
      outpatient clinic. A computer based record system with a nurse run hypertension
      clinic is acceptable to patients and offers the possibility of more effective
      long term control of blood pressure in large numbers of patients.

PMID- 6432181
TI  - Food and heart disease.

PMID- 6432182
TI  - Chlamydial perihepatitis (Curtis-Fitz-Hugh-syndrome) after hydrotubation.

PMID- 6432183
TI  - ABC of poisoning. The elderly.

PMID- 6432184
TI  - Equipment for the gastroenterologist.

PMID- 6432185
TI  - Snoring and its treatment.

PMID- 6432186
TI  - Drugs for asthma in New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6432187
TI  - Deaths from asthma.

PMID- 6432188
TI  - Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc sulphate.

PMID- 6432189
TI  - Acute self limited colitis.

PMID- 6432190
TI  - Hypercalcaemia precipitated by oliguria during total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6432191
TI  - Prospective comparison of three non-invasive tests for pancreatic disease.

PMID- 6432192
TI  - Unwanted life.

PMID- 6432193
TI  - Computer aided decision making in medicine.

PMID- 6432194
TI  - Falls in older age.

PMID- 6432195
TI  - Early posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6432196
TI  - The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6432197
TI  - Degos' disease: association with anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus
      anticoagulant.
AB  - A woman presented with multiple cerebral thromboses and skin lesions
      characteristic of Degos' disease. Her serum contained high titres of
      anticardiolipin antibodies and showed lupus anticoagulant activity, both known to
      be strong markers of a thrombotic tendency in systemic lupus erythematosus. This
      finding may have therapeutic implications for this usually fatal disease.

PMID- 6432198
TI  - Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with ketanserin in patients with connective
      tissue disorders.
AB  - The serotonin receptor blocker ketanserin was given orally in a double blind
      crossover study to 10 patients with connective tissue disorders and Raynaud's
      phenomenon. Eight of the 10 patients improved clinically on ketanserin and none
      on placebo. Digital blood flow was assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF),
      photoplethysmography, and skin temperature measurements. Laser Doppler flowmetry
      was the most useful method, showing a significant reduction in recovery time
      after a standard cold provocation. Although the resting flow was not
      significantly improved, digital ulcers healed in four out of five patients,
      providing evidence of increased nutritive flow. The results of this study suggest
      that orally administered ketanserin may be an effective and well tolerated
      treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon associated with connective tissue disorders,
      especially scleroderma.

PMID- 6432199
TI  - Antidiuretic function in Sheehan's syndrome.
AB  - Twenty patients with postpartum hypopituitarism underwent a dehydration test
      followed by the administration of synthetic arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP;
      desmopressin). Panhypopituitarism was confirmed by hormonal assays in the basal
      state and after stimulation with combined luteinising hormone releasing hormone
      thyrotrophin releasing hormone-insulin. All the patients were given replacement
      therapy with hydrocortisone and thyroid hormones. Results were compared with
      those in 12 normal women. Urinary concentrating ability was diminished in the
      patients as compared with the controls (maximum urine osmolality 688 (SEM 23)
      mmol (mosmol)/kg in the patients v 967 (SEM 29) mmol/kg in the controls). Also
      the change in urine osmolality after administration of desmopressin was greater
      in the patients (+9.55 (SEM 1.98)% in the patients v 2.49 (SEM 0.96)% in the
      controls). Partial diabetes insipidus is apparently common in Sheehan's syndrome.
      This association should be borne in mind when managing these patients, especially
      those in acute failure.

PMID- 6432200
TI  - Naftidrofuryl and the nitrogen, carbohydrate, and lipid responses to moderate
      surgery.
AB  - The effect of twice daily infusions of 200 mg naftidrofuryl on the six day
      cumulative losses of urinary nitrogen after moderate surgery was studied in 32
      patients maintained on an intravenous infusion of 4% dextrose and saline. A
      previous report of the ability of naftidrofuryl to reduce loss of nitrogen was
      not substantiated, although changes in metabolism in the immediate postoperative
      period suggested that the drug might exert some advantageous metabolic effect.
      Further investigations with other nutritional regimens are warranted.

PMID- 6432201
TI  - West Berkshire perineal management trial.
AB  - One thousand women were allocated at random to one of two perineal management
      policies, both intended to minimise trauma during spontaneous vaginal delivery.
      In one the aim was to restrict episiotomy to fetal indications; in the other the
      operation was to be used more liberally to prevent perineal tears. The resultant
      episiotomy rates were 10% and 51% respectively. An intact perineum was more
      common among those allocated to the restrictive policy. This group experienced
      more perineal and labial tears, however, and included four of the five cases of
      severe trauma. There were no significant differences between the two groups
      either in neonatal state or in maternal pain and urinary symptoms 10 days and
      three months post partum. Women allocated to the restrictive policy were more
      likely to have resumed sexual intercourse within a month after delivery. These
      findings provide little support either for liberal use of episiotomy or for
      claims that reduced use of the operation decreases postpartum morbidity.

PMID- 6432202
TI  - Unilateral sacroiliac overuse syndrome in military recruits.

PMID- 6432203
TI  - Fatal overdosage of phenylpropanolamine.

PMID- 6432204
TI  - Treatment of septic arthritis due to Mycobacterium kansasii.

PMID- 6432205
TI  - Stress reduction by oxprenolol and placebo: controlled investigation of the
      pharmacological and non-specific effects.

PMID- 6432206
TI  - Computer controlled repeat prescribing used to analyse drug management.
AB  - In a practice that has been using a computer routinely for more than two years to
      print, monitor, and audit repeat prescriptions a program was written to analyse
      combinations of drug treatments. A method is described in which for given
      diagnoses the computer can identify the appropriate drugs and add them together
      in a systematic way to produce detailed printouts of the drug management in the
      practice. A technique by which the computer user can analyse them further on a
      pharmacological basis is shown.

PMID- 6432207
TI  - Absence from work.

PMID- 6432208
TI  - Divorce.

PMID- 6432209
TI  - Dermatitis.

PMID- 6432210
TI  - The cardiologist in the Third World.

PMID- 6432211
TI  - Anticholinergic drug abuse: a common problem?

PMID- 6432212
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Respiratory complications.

PMID- 6432213
TI  - Which patients are likely to die in an accident and emergency department?

PMID- 6432214
TI  - Spinal cord disease due to Schistosoma mansoni successfully treated with
      oxamniquine.

PMID- 6432215
TI  - Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests.

PMID- 6432216
TI  - Thiamine concentration in liver disease.

PMID- 6432217
TI  - Lithium attenuates the development of lesion-induced behavioral supersensitivity
      to apomorphine.
AB  - The unilateral nigrostriatal lesion preparation was used to examine the effect of
      long-term treatment with lithium on rotation in response to the dopamine agonists
      apomorphine and amphetamine. Rats with unilateral striatal denervation received
      daily injections of either lithium chloride or saline for 14 days, beginning 24 h
      after surgery. Rats treated with lithium showed a reversible reduction in
      apomorphine-induced contralateral rotation. Lithium treatment failed to
      substantially alter amphetamine-induced ipsilateral rotation. When treatment was
      initiated 14 days after surgery, rats treated with lithium showed no reduction in
      apomorphine-induced contralateral rotation. These findings suggest that lithium
      attenuates the development of lesion-induced behavioral supersensitivity but
      fails to alter supersensitivity which has developed previously.

PMID- 6432219
TI  - Ontogeny of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. II. Electroencephalographic effects.
AB  - The ontogeny of petit mal-like seizures induced by gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
      was investigated. The prodrug of GHB, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) was administered
      in varying dosages under continuous EEG monitoring from cortical and depth
      electrodes to rats varying in postnatal age from 1 to 85 days. The brain
      pharmacokinetics of GHB were determined at various ages as was the effect of
      ethosuximide on GBL-induced EEG changes. In adult rats, GBL produced a
      predictable sequence of electrical events beginning with spike bursts and
      progressing to polyspiking separated by low voltage activity. In 1-day-old rats,
      GBL produced voltage suppression with stupor. Poorly organized spiking appeared
      at postnatal day 3 and by day 9 marked burst suppression with polyspiking
      separated by low voltage activity was noted. However, the full array of
      electrical events seen in adult rats did not appear until day 28. Ethosuximide
      was ineffective against GHB seizure until the third postnatal week of life. GHB
      had a longer half-life in brain in the first week of postnatal life. These data
      suggest that in the rodent, petit mal-like seizure activity may require a fully
      mature brain and raise the possibility of different mechanisms being responsible
      for the various stages of EEG changes induced by GBL.

PMID- 6432218
TI  - Development and characterization of glucocorticoid receptors in rat superior
      cervical ganglion.
AB  - Glucocorticoids have many effects on the development and regulation of
      catecholamine systems in sympathetic neurons. Although it has been suggested that
      some of these effects may be mediated by cytoplasmic steroid receptors, the
      presence of high affinity glucocorticoid receptors in sympathetic cells has not
      been established. To determine whether such receptors are present and whether
      receptor levels change during development, glucocorticoid binding was measured in
      the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of perfused rats 24 h after adrenalectomy
      using [3H]dexamethasone [( 3H]Dex). Binding was optimal when [3H]Dex was added
      directly to tissue homogenates in the presence of 20 mM molybdate prior to
      preparing cytosol fractions. In the SCG of adult rats, 5.3 +/- 0.9 X 10(-15) mol
      of [3H]Dex was bound/ganglion. The affinity and specificity of the SCG receptors
      were characteristic of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors in other tissues.
      Binding of [3H]Dex was completely inhibited by dexamethasone and corticosterone,
      partially inhibited by progesterone, and not inhibited by estradiol or
      testosterone. The Kd was estimated to be 1-2.5 nM from IC50 values. The ontogeny
      of glucocorticoid receptor binding was measured at 2, 10 and 60 days of age.
      Receptor concentration was highest at 2 days, 99 +/- 9 X 10(-15) mol/mg protein,
      and decreased to 29 +/- 4 X 10(-15) mol/mg protein at 60 days. This decrease was
      entirely accounted for by the developmental increase in ganglion protein, whereas
      total binding remained constant at approximately 5 X 10(-15) mol/ganglion at all
      ages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432220
TI  - Basal forebrain efferents reach the whole cerebral cortex of the cat.
AB  - Efferent projections from the basal forebrain to the cat's cerebral cortex were
      traced with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique. Different areas of
      the cerebral cortex of 51 cats were injected with small amounts of horseradish
      peroxidase. The entire basal forebrain was screened for labeled neurons.
      Following all injections, retrogradely labeled neurons could be detected in
      either the medial septum, or the vertical and horizontal limb of the diagonal
      band of Broca, or the substantia innominata, or in several of these structures.
      All three basal forebrain structures project heavily to allocortical regions, but
      only weakly to neocortical regions. An exception is the medial prefrontal cortex
      which is densily innervated by the substantia innominata (i.e., comparably dense
      as allocortical regions are innervated by the substantia innominata). Large
      injections into he basal temporal cortex (including the perirhinal cortex) and
      into the insular cortex also led to a considerable number of labeled cells in the
      substantia innominata. The results indicate a widespread innervation of the cat's
      cerebral cortex by the basal forebrain. This diffuse projection to the cortex has
      recently been found also in monkeys and rats. Anatomical and functional
      implications of these projections in the cat are discussed and related to
      findings in other species.

PMID- 6432221
TI  - [Changes in the acid-base equilibrium in rats during deep hypothermia].

PMID- 6432222
TI  - [Use of ultrasound to hasten glutaraldehyde fixation of animal tissues for
      electron microscopy].

PMID- 6432223
TI  - [Production of monoclonal antibodies against gliofibrillary acid protein (GFAP)
      and their specificity].
AB  - Splenic Mice cells immunized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were
      fused with SP 2/0 myeloma cells. After screening and cloning we obtained two
      types of hybridomas. Some of them secrete IgG class antibodies, the others IgM
      class antibodies. The specificity of these antibodies has been tested by three
      immunoenzymatic methods. The results are that IgG monoclonal antibodies identify
      an astrocyte-GFAP specific epitope and IgM monoclonal antibodies cross-react with
      a common epitope to GFAP and vimentin.

PMID- 6432224
TI  - [Production of monoclonal autoantibodies inhibiting the secretion of insulin by
      the islets of Langerhans].
AB  - Monoclonal autoantibodies cytotoxic for murine islet cells have been obtained by
      cell fusion using spleen cells from non-immunized diabetic C57BL/KsJ (db/db)
      Mice. These monoclonals, of IgG2a subclass, blocked in vitro insulin secretion
      induced by arginine in Mouse pancreatic cells.

PMID- 6432225
TI  - [Demonstration and quantitative analysis of mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and
      tissue macrophages) in the sinusoid capillaries of the rat adrenal cortex].
AB  - Mononuclear phagocytes of the Rat adrenal cortex were identified by light
      microscopy after injection of Chinese ink or colloidal iron (Imferon 200). They
      may be found as endothelial, periendothelial or intracapillary cells. The number
      of mononuclear phagocytes was much greater in the adult than in the young Rat,
      with a significant peak 3 hrs. after injection of Chinese ink in the young Rat
      and two peaks, 4 and 12 hrs. after injection in the adult.

PMID- 6432226
TI  - [Bioaccumulation of lanthanum by the mussels Mytilus edulis collected from French
      coasts. Microanalysis by X-ray spectrography and secondary ion emission].
AB  - The common marine mussel Mytilus edulis collected from French coastal waters of
      the Channel, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea was shown to contain lanthanum;
      higher levels were found in the samples collected from the Eastern Channel and
      more particularly from the Baie de Seine. 139La+ was detected within lysosomes of
      digestive gland, labial palp and gill epithelium, macrophage hemocytes and
      chitinous tissue. Lanthanum was always associated with high phosphorus contents
      in the lysosomes. Thus, lanthanum which exists in sea water at trace level is
      taken up by the Mussel, via gill and digestive tractus, in a soluble form and
      then concentrated in the form of an insoluble phosphate in the storage
      organelles. A comparison is made between the behaviour of lanthanides and
      actinides in the biological systems.

PMID- 6432227
TI  - [Demonstration of an effect of (3H)-L-proline on the number of dendritic spines
      on stellate cells of the primary visual cortex in Macaca during the critical
      period].
AB  - A morphometric study in cortical layer IVC of Macaca area 17 was performed during
      the critical period. A 20% increase in the number of dendritic spines was
      observed in neurons with horizontal dendritic tree in the cortical sublayer IVC
      alpha after an intraocular injection of (3H)-L-proline. A neuroactive role of
      this amino acid is discussed.

PMID- 6432228
TI  - [Effects of pretreatment with isoprenaline and conditions of perfusion on the
      specific radioactivity of ATP in rat heart].
AB  - 14C adenine was supplied to isolated Rat heart retrograde perfused. The
      experiment was continued by aortic or atrial perfusion and the evolution of the
      specific radioactivity of ATP was estimated. Aortic perfusion did not reduce ATP
      content and the specific radioactivity decreased, expressing the turnover of
      adenine nucleotides. On the contrary, working heart perfusion provoked a
      breakdown of ATP and an increase of ATP specific radioactivity. When myocardial
      ATP was decreased prior to the perfusion with isoproterenol, the incorporation of
      14C adenine was enhanced, a further aortic perfusion induced a greater decrease
      of ATP specific activity than in controls. Atrial perfusion did not change the
      concentration and the specific activity of ATP. These data seem to provide
      experimental evidences for a compartmentalization of myocardial ATP.

PMID- 6432229
TI  - [Microheterogeneity of tubulin in the central nervous system of the quail
      (Coturnix coturnix japonica)].
AB  - Tubulin from the central nervous system of the Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
      was analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Either in soluble extracts
      or in tubulin enriched fractions, tubulin of forebrain, cerebellum and spinal
      cord is resolved into 3 components alpha, beta' and beta, characterized by their
      electrophoretic coordinates (alpha: pI = 5.4, MW = 54 kd, beta: pI = 5.2, MW = 52
      kd; beta': pI = de mapping, by comparison with mouse brain alpha, beta and beta'
      tubulin components. With highly resolutional isoelectric focusing 6 alpha
      isotubulins and 14 beta isotubulins are found in enriched-tubulin fractions of
      Quail forebrain and cerebellum.

PMID- 6432230
TI  - [Abnormal aortic arches in infants and children (experience with 322 cases)].
AB  - It is very rare that the knowledge of the human embryology helps the medical
      diagnosis and guides the surgical treatment when it is necessary. With the
      oesophagogramm it is possible to obtain the exact topography of the abnormal
      vascular ring and to perform live saving operation. Our experience of 322 cases
      is the most important published up to now.

PMID- 6432231
TI  - [Demonstration in human plasma of 2 factors inhibiting hepatocyte multiplication
      by blocking the cell cycle at the level of G1-S transition].
AB  - A factor which inhibits the G1-S transition of synchronized proliferating
      hepatocytes is detected in human serum or plasma. This activity is associated
      with an electronegatively charged component of high molecular weight in the
      native serum. Serum and plasma submitted to trypsin hydrolysis or to liver
      microsomes, release an ultrafiltrable component of low molecular weight which
      displays the same activity as the high molecular weight one from the native
      serum. This inhibitory system of hepatocyte proliferation is similar to that
      already described in Rat serum. It is species independent.

PMID- 6432232
TI  - [A 45 kDa phosphorylated protein, resistant to alkaline treatment, appears at the
      time of rupture of the nuclear envelope during the 1st meiotic division of the
      Xenopus oocyte].
AB  - Xenopus oocytes were prelabeled with 32PO4 and induced to mature by progesterone
      treatment (1 microM). At the time of the breakdown of the germinal vesicle
      (nucleus), an alkali stable 45 kDa phosphoprotein appears in the 165 000 X g
      oocyte supernatant. Phospho-amino acid analysis shows that the 45 kDa protein is
      phosphorylated at threonine residues.

PMID- 6432233
TI  - [Chromosomal R-banding with an anti-native DNA (dG-dC specificity) monoclonal
      antibody].
AB  - Chromosomal R-banding was obtained by the use of an anti ds-DNA monoclonal
      antibody, specific for dG-dC, at an appropriate dilution. Better results were
      observed when chromosome preparations were trypsinized for 10 sec. with 0.02%
      trypsin solution. Antibody fixation could be evidence either by immunofluorescent
      or by immunoenzymatic staining.

PMID- 6432234
TI  - [Demonstration of urinary excretion of 19-nortestosterone of endogenous origin in
      the male horse].

PMID- 6432235
TI  - [Development of early erythroid precursors (BFUe) from mouse bone marrow in a
      serum-free culture media. Effect of hemin].
AB  - In culture medium containing albumin, iron saturated transferrin, phospholipids,
      cholesterol and erythropoietin, BFUe growth requires foetal Calf serum. Without
      serum the BFUe development is advantageously restored by the addition of hemin
      associated with spleen conditioned medium. In erythropoietin supplemented serum
      free medium the growth of primitive erythroid precursor cells is closely
      dependent on growth factor supply found in spleen conditioned medium. Using this
      medium allows us to clearly distinguish between the respective effects of
      erythropoietin and of BPA on erythroid progenitor cells.

PMID- 6432236
TI  - [Antehypophyseal gonadotropic cells are mediators of the early induction of
      prolactin cell differentiation by gonadoliberin].
AB  - To study lactotrope differentiation in the fetal rat, immunocytochemistry with
      anti-rat prolactin antiserum was performed on pituitary primordia explanted from
      12 to 14 day-old fetuses and cultured in different media until the equivalent of
      21 days of gestation. At this time, lactotrope differentiation was observed when
      culture medium was enriched with fetal calf serum. Estradiol was not involved in
      lactotrope differentiation. Immunoreactive lactotropes were detected when the
      synthetic medium was enriched with GnRH (10(-9) M) instead of fetal calf serum.
      But the induced GnRH lactotrope differentiation was inhibited when an anti-rat LH
      serum was added to the culture medium. These data suggest that the effect of GnRH
      on lactotrope differentiation is mediated by the gonadotroph cells.

PMID- 6432237
TI  - Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer: a cause for concern?
AB  - Until recently, the use of smokeless tobacco had been restricted to a relatively
      small percentage of the United States population. The increased promotion and use
      of both snuff and chewing tobacco raise the question: What effect will such
      habits have on oral disease and the incidence of oral cancer? Although
      information for the US is sparse, extensive epidemiologic data are available from
      India, where the use of tobacco is prevalent and the incidence of oral cancer
      very high. The Indian data suggest that oral cancer and precancerous lesions
      occur almost solely among those with tobacco habits, the rate of malignant
      transformation of precancerous lesions is not greater than in the West, the
      relative risk of developing oral cancer is similar in India and in the US, and
      this risk rises with duration of use. Thus, it seems likely that increased usage
      of smokeless tobacco in the US will eventually lead to an increased incidence of
      precancerous and cancerous oral lesions in Americans.

PMID- 6432238
TI  - A comparison of the use of smokeless tobacco in rural and urban teenagers.
AB  - This paper compared the use of smokeless tobacco and its effects in rural and
      urban teenagers. A random sample of 445 subjects from rural Colorado were
      examined: 82.9 percent of the total sample were Caucasian, and 94.6 percent of
      those who used smokeless tobacco were Caucasian. This percentage supports the
      findings of an earlier urban study that the habit is predominantly one of male
      Caucasians. The average age of the users was 16.7 years, slightly older than in
      the urban study. Of the rural users, 62.5 percent had lesions of the oral
      tissues, compared with 48.7 percent lesional incidence in urban users. In both
      studies, those subjects with lesions had longer daily contact with smokeless
      tobacco, as well as a longer history of use than those without lesions. These are
      numerical averages that reflect great individual variations in susceptibility.
      The average duration of use for rural and urban users with lesions was almost the
      same; the development of lesions appears to be related to the length of daily
      exposure, which, on the average, was greater among rural users than urban users.
      Additionally, more than twice as many degree 3 lesions were found among users in
      the rural study. The habituating effects of nicotine and the influence of this
      substance on the future tobacco-usage patterns of youngsters who presently use
      smokeless tobacco are areas of concern. It is hoped that additional research will
      further delineate the scope of this current health problem.

PMID- 6432239
TI  - Screening for oral and oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas.

PMID- 6432240
TI  - Classics in oncology. Survival in untreated and treated cancer.
AB  - During 1935 to 1951, a total of 75,494 cancer cases occurred among the
      inhabitants of Connecticut, of whom there were 2,000,000 in 1950. The five-year
      survival rate has improved gradually from 12 and 19 percent of all males and
      females, respectively, in 1935 to 1940, to 20 and 32 percent, respectively,
      during 1947 to 1951. This improvement is not due to earlier diagnosis of the
      cases, as can be seen from the similar distribution of localized and disseminated
      cases during the whole period of study. The improvement has occurred in cancer
      that is diagnosed when it is clinically localized and when it involves regional
      areas, but not when it is disseminated. The most marked improvement is recorded
      for cancers of the colon and rectum in both sexes, and of the uterine cervix in
      women. The data are compared with survival rates anticipated in untreated
      neoplastic disease. A new era of detection and treatment of cancer is being
      entered through the studies on in situ and occult cancers among the population.

PMID- 6432241
TI  - Neurofibrosarcoma and the sign of Leser-Trelat.

PMID- 6432242
TI  - Correction. Thyroid cancer.

PMID- 6432243
TI  - Correction. Smoking and cervical cancer.

PMID- 6432244
TI  - Correction. The study of the patterns of clinical care in radiation therapy in
      the United States.

PMID- 6432245
TI  - [Changes in the cerebral level of enkephalins during ischemia and recirculation
      in Mongolian gerbils].

PMID- 6432246
TI  - [The eugenic significance of HLA determination in congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia].

PMID- 6432247
TI  - [Iron-deficiency in late pregnancy--observation on free erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation and marrow iron in 16 cases].

PMID- 6432248
TI  - [Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in Beijing residents and discussion on
      serological method of diagnosis].

PMID- 6432249
TI  - [Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of amebiasis].

PMID- 6432250
TI  - [Isolation of the antigens of Schistosoma japonicum and their clinical
      application].

PMID- 6432251
TI  - [A clinical study on the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis with praziquantel].

PMID- 6432253
TI  - [Sex differences in pathophysiology of experimental myocardial infarction in
      rats].

PMID- 6432252
TI  - [A family with fragile X syndrome].

PMID- 6432254
TI  - [Electromyographic findings in 310 normal Chinese].

PMID- 6432256
TI  - [Education and supervision of diabetic patients].

PMID- 6432255
TI  - [Catecholamines and their metabolites in hepatic surgery].

PMID- 6432257
TI  - [Diet therapy for diabetes].

PMID- 6432258
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic keto-acidosis].

PMID- 6432259
TI  - [Treatment of nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma].

PMID- 6432260
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic lactic acidosis].

PMID- 6432261
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes with insulin].

PMID- 6432262
TI  - [Some problems in designing and application of the portable insulin infusion
      pump].

PMID- 6432263
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes by oral administration of hypoglycemic agents].

PMID- 6432264
TI  - [Study on transplantation of the pancreatic islet].

PMID- 6432265
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes by physical exercise].

PMID- 6432266
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 6432267
TI  - [Rating standards for the control of diabetic conditions].

PMID- 6432268
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 6432269
TI  - [Diabetes and surgery].

PMID- 6432271
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes complicated by tuberculosis].

PMID- 6432270
TI  - [Supervision and education of diabetic pregnant women].

PMID- 6432272
TI  - [Treatment and management of diabetes in children].

PMID- 6432273
TI  - [Effect of glibenclamide therapy on the plasma insulin level in non-insulin
      dependent diabetes].

PMID- 6432274
TI  - [Monitoring of blood sugar levels during insulin treatment of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6432275
TI  - [Treatment of the diabetic gangrenous foot wih anisodamine and insulin--a case
      report].

PMID- 6432276
TI  - [Report of 3 cases of diabetes complicated by lactic acidosis].

PMID- 6432277
TI  - [Detection of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies and its clinical significance].

PMID- 6432278
TI  - [Preliminary study on the monoclonal antibody to a human IgM cryoglobulin].

PMID- 6432279
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory study of 56 cases of primary humoral immunodeficiency].

PMID- 6432280
TI  - [HLA-BW35 and children's tuberculosis].

PMID- 6432281
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on the basement membrane of patients with oral
      leukoplakia].

PMID- 6432282
TI  - [Effect of carbon disulfide on human embryo and fetal development].

PMID- 6432283
TI  - [Renal surface microcirculation in normal rabbits].

PMID- 6432284
TI  - [Nasal mucous membrane biopsy in Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 6432285
TI  - [Long-term effect of gliclazide on platelet function in diabetes].

PMID- 6432286
TI  - [Praziquantel in the treatment of helminthiasis].

PMID- 6432287
TI  - Effects of prednisone and deflazacort on mineral metabolism and parathyroid
      hormone activity in humans.
AB  - The effects of two different glucocorticoids, prednisone and deflazacort, (an
      oxazoline derivative of prednisolone) on bone metabolism were analyzed in 10
      patients with disorders that required glucocorticoid therapy. Significant
      elevations in blood immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and
      urinary calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and nephrogenous cyclic AMP were
      observed during prednisone therapy in addition to an increase in the exchangeable
      calcium pool as estimated by 47Ca-kinetic analyses. In contrast to these changes,
      deflazacort therapy induced minimal, and in some instances, no changes in these
      indices. In fact, in studies wherein prednisone therapy was followed by
      deflazacort alterations in bone metabolism, iPTH, and nephrogenous cAMP observed
      during prednisone were reversed. The data are consistent with the fact that the
      skeletal effects of prednisone therapy are mediated, at least in part, by
      increased parathyroid hormone activity, and that deflazacort is less potent in
      this regard.

PMID- 6432288
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with decreased insulin receptor binding
      and glucose intolerance.
AB  - We studied insulin receptor-binding and carbohydrate and metabolism in 15
      patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in comparison with 20
      healthy controls. Insulin binding to monocytes and erythrocytes was measured by
      radioreceptor-ligand-assay. Furthermore, patients and controls were characterized
      by testing oral (100 g glucose load) glucose tolerance as well as insulin
      tolerance (0.1U insulin/kg body weight). Compared with controls, patients with
      primary hyperparathyroidism exhibited marked hyperinsulinemia (P less than 0.01)
      and significantly higher glucose levels (P less than 0.01) after an oral glucose
      load. The glucose lowering effect of intravenous insulin was significantly
      diminished in primary hyperparathyroidism compared with controls (P less than
      0.01). Receptor studies revealed a significantly lower (P less than 0.01) insulin
      binding to monocytes and to erythrocytes in patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism compared with controls. The present data indicate an insulin
      resistant state in primary hyperparathyroidism, which is caused at least in part,
      by a downregulation of insulin receptors.

PMID- 6432289
TI  - Isolation of phosphophoryn from human dentin organic matrix.
AB  - Normal human dentin was demineralized in 0.6 N HCl and then extracted in 1.0 M
      NaCl, 0.5 M Tris/HCl, pH 7.6 in the presence of neutral protease inhibitors. All
      of the soluble phosphorus-containing proteins were extracted directly in the 0.6
      N HCl demineralizing solution; none were collected in the 1.0 M NaCl neutral pH
      extraction. The principal phosphoprotein was precipitated from solution by 1.0 M
      CaCl2 and subjected to further chromatographic purification. This fraction proved
      to be a typical phosphophoryn with Asp and Ser + PSer, in near equimolar amounts,
      accounting for approximately 75 residue percent of the protein. The second major
      organic phosphate-containing component was a peptide, Mr approximately 2,000. It
      was calcium precipitable and its amino acid composition showed a relationship to
      phosphophoryn. The residual collagenous matrix, which also contained organic
      phosphate, was digested with CNBr and the phosphate-containing moiety isolated.
      This had a composition indicative of a complex of collagen and phosphophoryn.
      Thus, in spite of the reports by Leaver and colleagues that human dentin contains
      neither soluble nor matrix-bound phosphophoryns, these data show that human
      dentin, like rat, hamster, rabbit, porcine, and bovine dentins, does contain a
      phosphophoryn as a major noncollagenous protein.

PMID- 6432290
TI  - Vitamin D deficiency in mothers of rachitic infants.
AB  - The existence of nutritional deficiency rickets among infants in sunny Riyadh was
      confirmed radiologically. Most of the rachitic infants were breast-fed, some
      received unsupplemented infant feeding formulae, and all live in an environment
      that is devoid of sunlight. Their mean age at the time of onset was 10.5 months.
      25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were found to be low in mothers of the
      rachitic infants. This maternal deficiency as a factor in pathogenesis of rickets
      in the infant is discussed. Proposals are made to prevent the occurrence of
      rickets on this scale.

PMID- 6432291
TI  - Mineral loss in cortical and trabecular bone during high-dose prednisone
      treatment.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of prednisone and triple treatment (sodium fluoride,
      calcium, and vitamin D) on trabecular and cortical bone serial bone mineral
      content (BMC) measurements were made at a metaphyseal (BMCD) and diaphyseal
      (BMCP) site on the forearm on 31 consecutive and previously bone-healthy patients
      scheduled for at least 24 weeks high-dose prednisone treatment. The patients were
      randomized into two further treatment groups: group I (n = 16) received
      prednisone plus triple treatment and group II (n = 15) received only prednisone.
      The two groups were similar with regard to age, sex, prednisone dose, and initial
      BMC. During 24 weeks treatment, BMCD (partially representing trabecular bone) and
      BMCP (mainly representing cortical bone) fell significantly and similarly,
      demonstrating that there is no preventive effect on bone mineral loss on the
      triple regimen. The BMC fall after 12 weeks was significantly more pronounced for
      metaphyseal (partially trabecular) than for diaphyseal (cortical) bone, whereas
      the values did not differ significantly after 24 weeks; this indicates a greater
      sensitivity to the hormone treatment of trabecular bone. In the entire group, the
      fall in BMC correlated positively with individual prednisone dose, significant at
      the diaphyseal site (r = 0.39, P less than 0.05), but not at the metaphyseal site
      (r = 0.31, P = 0.08). It is concluded that corticosteroid-induced osteopenia is a
      diffuse bone disease which affects trabecular as well as cortical bone,
      suggesting that BMC measured on the forearm reflects changes in bone mineral at
      other locations.

PMID- 6432292
TI  - Extrarenal metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the rat: regulation by 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - To determine the role of the kidney in regulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      (25OHD3, metabolism, the effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3]
      on 3H-25OHD3 were compared in intact and nephrectomized vitamin D-deficient rats.
      Sixteen hours after the intravenous administration of 3H-25OHD3, extracts of
      serum and pooled small intestinal mucosa were fractionated by Sephadex LH-20
      column chromatography followed by high performance liquid chromatography. In
      intact rats, 1,25(OH)2D3 (50 ng/day i.p. for 7 days) increased mean serum 3H
      24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [3H-24,25(OH)2D3] from 2 +/- 2-210 +/- 80 fmol/ml
      (mean +/- 1 SD), increased mean serum 3H-25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol [3H
      25,26(OH)2D3] from 2 +/- 2-12 +/- 6 fmol/ml and lowered mean serum 3H-1,25(OH)2D3
      from 210 +/- 40-4 +/- 4 fmol/ml. Similarly, in nephrectomized animals,
      1,25(OH)2D3 increased mean serum 3H-24,25-(OH)2D3 from 6 +/- 11-115 +/- 30
      fmol/ml and increased mean serum 3H-25,26(OH)2D3 from 3 +/- 3-26 +/- 10 fmol/ml.
      Nephrectomy increased serum 3H-25(OH)D3 in untreated (from 1450 +/- 225-2675 +/-
      225 fmol/ml serum) and 1,25(OH)2D3 treated rats (from 1600 +/- 175-3075 +/- 100
      fmol/ml). 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 averaged 74 +/- 16% of total radioactivity in intestinal
      mucosa of untreated intact rats and was not detected in either the serum or
      intestinal mucosa of nephrectomized animals. The results suggest that in intact
      animals, extrarenal synthesis can account for substantial 24,25(OH)2D3 production
      and for most 25,26(OH)2D3 production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432293
TI  - Failure to detect an amorphous calcium-phosphate solid phase in bone mineral: a
      radial distribution function study.
AB  - X-ray diffraction radial distribution function analysis was used to determine if
      a significant amount of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate exists in
      bone, and if so, whether the amount varies as a function of age and maturation.
      Unfractionated cortical bone from embryonic and posthatch chicks of various ages
      and a low-density fraction of embryonic bone were studied. No evidence was found
      for the presence of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate in any of the
      samples studied, including the recently deposited bone mineral of the low density
      fraction of embryonic bone. As little as 12.5% of synthetic amorphous calcium
      phosphate (ACP) added to bone was readily detected by the radial distribution
      function technique used. The results clearly indicate that the concept that ACP
      is the initial solid mineral phase deposited in bone, and the major mineral
      constituent of young bone is no longer tenable. The concept does not provide an
      accurate description of the nature of the initial bone mineral deposited, or the
      changes that occur with maturation, nor can it account for the compositional and
      X-ray diffraction changes that the mineral component undergoes during maturation
      and aging.

PMID- 6432295
TI  - Phosphate modulation of calcium transport by a calcium-phospholipid-phosphate
      complex of calcifying tissues.
AB  - The ionophoretic activities of a stable Ca-PS-Pi complex were examined in a three
      compartment lipid-aqueous phase transport system. It was found that the complex
      transported Ca2+ at a slower rate than free PS. Analysis of the transport
      process, using an equilibrium partitioning model, revealed that Ca2+ binding to
      the complex was the rate-limiting step. This inhibition was overcome by the
      addition of exogeneous Pi. It was concluded that the complex acted as an
      ionophore and that the presence of coordinated Ca and P atoms facilitated Pi
      modulation of Ca2+ transport.

PMID- 6432294
TI  - Identification of the noncollagenous proteins of bovine bone by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis.
AB  - We have characterized the noncollagenous proteins of bovine bone using two high
      resolution gel electrophoretic techniques. Proteins were extracted from bone
      tissue by extended dialysis against 0.5 M EDTA. In some cases, a preextraction
      was done in guanidine HCl. Bovine plasma was also examined to identify the
      proteins in bone that might also be present in blood. We have scored 160 major,
      reproducible spots on our standard preparation bone map. These comprise about 40
      individual protein groups. There are many more minor spots present which puts the
      total number present over 200. Of these groups, 15 are not present on plasma
      maps. Bone proteins identified in this way include actin, bone Gla-protein, and
      osteonectin. The remainder are unknown. Bone Gla-protein is present in bovine
      bone in four isoelectric forms, pI = 3.95-4.50. Electroblotting analysis of EDTA
      and guanidine HCl extracted material failed to reveal any higher molecular weight
      immunologically reactive species. The plasma proteins found in bone include, but
      are not limited to albumin, apo A-I lipoprotein, IgG, IgM, transferrin, alpha-2
      HS-glycoprotein, and hemoglobin. Extraction with guanidine HCl plus EDTA
      significantly enriches the yield for the nonplasma proteins but does not appear
      to extract any additional bone proteins.

PMID- 6432296
TI  - Discordant effects of glucocorticoids on active and passive transport of calcium
      in the rat duodenum.
AB  - The effect of glucocorticoids on duodenal active and passive calcium transport
      was studied by the in situ intestinal loop technique, using 2.0 mM and 50 mM
      concentrations of calcium. The administration of prednisolone resulted in a
      significant increase of fluid and sodium absorption. The final luminal calcium
      concentration was increased in the prednisolone-treated group. Under conditions
      where active transport predominates (2 mM), glucocorticoids decreased lumen-to
      plasma and increased plasma-to-lumen calcium flux, resulting in a decrease of net
      calcium absorption. Under conditions where passive transport predominates (50
      mM), glucocorticoids did not decrease calcium absorption in the duodenum. These
      data suggest that under conditions where passive transport predominates,
      glucocorticoids indirectly enhance calcium absorption by an effect on water
      movement. Water movement enhances calcium absorption by concentrating unabsorbed
      calcium within the intestinal lumen. The increase in passive diffusion of calcium
      in the duodenum compensates for the inhibition of the active transport of calcium
      by glucocorticoids.

PMID- 6432297
TI  - Proteolipid-lipid relationships in normal and vitamin D-deficient chick
      cartilage.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that in vitro calcification of chick epiphyseal
      cartilage matrix vesicles is proteolipid-dependent. The purpose of this research
      is to examine the role of proteolipid in cartilage calcification in vivo by
      comparing the proteolipid concentration of normal and vitamin D-deficient chick
      epiphyseal cartilage, the relationship of proteolipid to other tissue lipids, and
      its ability to support in vitro apatite formation. Proteolipid was isolated from
      the upper growth centers (reserve cell zone, upper proliferative zone) and lower
      growth centers (lower proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcified cartilage zones)
      of long-bone epiphyses from 3-week-old normal and rachitic male white leghorn
      chicks by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography of the crude phospholipid component of
      the total lipid extract. In both normal and rachitic tissue the proteolipid/dry
      weight and proteolipid/total lipid ratios were greater in the lower growth center
      than in the upper zones. No statistically significant change in the
      proteolipid/total lipid ratio in rachitic tissues relative to comparable cell
      zones in normal cartilages was observed. However, there was an increase in the
      nonproteolipid phospholipid content of rachitic tissues, altering the relative
      proteolipid/phospholipid composition. Whereas proteolipids from normal tissue
      supported in vitro calcification, proteolipids from rachitic tissues did not,
      indicating a direct effect of vitamin D on proteolipid structure. These data
      support the hypothesis that failure of rachitic cartilage to calcify in vivo may
      be due in part to alterations in phospholipid and proteolipid metabolism.

PMID- 6432298
TI  - Marrow changes in paraplegic patients.

PMID- 6432299
TI  - Preliminary observations of a form of coherence therapy for osteoporosis.
AB  - Five patients suffering from osteoporosis were subjected to from three to eight
      cycles of a form of Coherence Therapy for Osteoporosis (1) used at this center.
      Assessment of the patients' trabecular bone remodeling activity as measured by
      histomorphometric analyses of trans-iliac crest bone biopsies showed a marked
      improvement.

PMID- 6432300
TI  - An increased incorporation of fatty acid into triacylglycerols of neuronal nuclei
      in vitro in the presence of CMP and EGTA.
AB  - Neuronal nuclei (N1) were isolated from cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits.
      With the addition of both EGTA and CMP the incorporation of radioactive oleate
      into N1 triacylglycerols in vitro (in the presence of ATP, CoA, and MgCl2) was
      increased threefold. The same large increase could not be achieved using citrate
      or EDTA in the presence of CMP or using AMP, UMP, or TMP in the presence of EGTA.
      The increased labelling of N1 triacylglycerols could be greatly reduced when CDP
      choline was added to incubations containing EGTA and CMP. Levels of endogenous N1
      diacylglycerols increased threefold following a 10-min incubation in the presence
      of buffer (pH 7.4) and MgCl2, when CMP and EGTA were also added. Of the major N1
      phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine was most similar in fatty acid composition to
      the enlarged endogenous diacylglycerol pool. The rate of formation of oleoyl-CoA
      in fraction N1 was not significantly changed by the presence of EGTA and CMP.
      Rates of triacylglycerol labelling could only be modestly increased when EGTA and
      CMP were added to incubations containing N1 samples with artificially enlarged
      endogenous diacylglycerol pools (produced by phospholipase C preincubations). It
      is suggested that EGTA, as a Ca2+ chelator, and CMP, as a substrate, may allow an
      enhanced diacylglycerol production mediated by the back reaction of
      cholinephosphotransferase in N1. The endogenous N1 diacylglycerol produced in the
      absence of EGTA and CMP may come from another metabolic route.

PMID- 6432301
TI  - Luminescence and circular-dichroism analysis of terbium binding by pig intestinal
      calcium-binding protein (relative mass = 9000).
AB  - The structure and conformations of pig intestinal Ca-binding protein (CaBP) have
      been studied by terbium luminescence enhancement and circular dichroism. The two
      cation-binding sites bind Tb3+ sequentially; the affinity of the first site is
      greater than 10(7) M-1 and the affinity of the second site is approximately 10(5)
      M-1. Filling of the first site enhances the fluorescence of the single tyrosine
      residue, whereas Tb3+ in the second site quenches the fluorescence. Excitation
      spectra of the Tb3+-bound forms of CaBP show that considerable energy transfer
      takes place from phenylalanine residues to the bound Tb3+, although some transfer
      from tyrosine is also detected. The sequence in which the sites are filled was
      deduced from these results and the published three-dimensional structure of the
      cow intestinal CaBP. Tb3+ bound approximately 20 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) from the
      tyrosine induced a large increase in the optical activity of this residue. We
      argue that a potentially important conformational change is induced in CaBP by
      cation binding.

PMID- 6432302
TI  - Migraine: new views on an old theory.

PMID- 6432303
TI  - Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in rectal cancer.
AB  - Chemotherapy by intra-arterial infusion, using mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil,
      was administered to six patients with cancer of the rectum. In three patients who
      presented initially with an inoperable rectal tumour, medication was infused
      through the inferior mesenteric artery. Tumour regression was documented in all
      three, allowing subsequent resection in two. Of three other patients with locally
      recurrent rectal cancer, none showed tumour regression after infusion, but two
      experienced substantial relief of perineal pain, with improvement in the quality
      of life. Unexpected complications occurred in the form of a reversible ischemic
      colitis in two patients and an arterioenteric fistula in a third.

PMID- 6432304
TI  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with divergent differentiation.
AB  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are uncommon sarcomas of Schwann cell or
      fibroblastic derivation which occasionally show histologic evidence of focal
      divergent differentiation to rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma,
      angiosarcoma, epithelial elements, or a combination thereof. The finding of these
      heterotopic elements in nerve sheath sarcomas is believed to illustrate the
      differentiating capacity of neuroectodermal tissue. The authors present the
      clinicopathologic features of 17 such tumors, which represent 14.7% of the
      malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the authors' institutional
      experience. Most of the lesions were associated with von Recklinghausen's
      disease. These tumors do not seem to differ from ordinary malignant peripheral
      nerve sheath tumors in presentation, operative, gross, and microscopic features,
      response to therapy, or prognosis.

PMID- 6432305
TI  - Therapeutic effects of single-push or fractionated injections or continuous
      infusion of oxazaphosphorines (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, Asta Z 7557).
AB  - This report describes some experimental and clinical studies showing the
      following: (1) in animals under protection of mesna the dose of ifosfamide (Ifo)
      can be increased significantly; (2) fractionated administration of Ifo,
      cyclophosphamide (CPA), or the stabilized metabolite of cyclophosphamide (ASTA Z
      7557) is less toxic than single push-injection of the same total daily dose and
      therapeutically more effective; and (3) in humans under the protection of mesna
      the continuous infusions of ifosfamide over 5 days leads to an increase of the
      MTD compared with single daily short-term infusion and responses in some solid
      tumors, e.g., soft tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 6432306
TI  - Growth inhibition and prostaglandin metabolism in the R3230AC mammary
      adenocarcinoma by reduced glutathione.
AB  - The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) administered to tumor-bearing rats was
      studied on growth of the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma. A significant inhibition
      in both tumor weight and volume was observed in rats given 2 g/kg body weight/day
      of GSH. Prostaglandin content of processed tumors was measured (ng/g wet weight
      tissue) and in vitro prostaglandin synthesis by microsomal prostaglandin
      synthetase was studied (ng/mg protein/15 min). Tumor PGE2 content and in vitro
      synthesis were decreased in tumors from GSH-treated rats. However, PGE1, PGF2
      alpha, 6-keto-PG-F1 alpha and TXB2 content of these tumors was increased, and
      with the exception of PGE1, the trends in tumor content and in vitro enzyme
      activity were similar. The effect of GSH treatment on PGE2 content of normal
      mammary tissue was similar to that observed in the mammary tumors. These studies
      suggest that a selective inhibition in tumor PGE2 by in vivo treatment of rats
      with GSH may be associated with GSH-induced tumor growth inhibition.

PMID- 6432307
TI  - Enhancement of the rate of spontaneous mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance in
      mammalian cells by polyamine depletion.
AB  - Several lines of evidence have suggested, but not proved, that polyamines are
      associated with DNA in intact cells. In an attempt to investigate the roles of
      polyamines in gene-associated functions, we examined the effects of polyamine
      depletion on the spontaneous mutation rate in a rat basophilic leukemia cell
      line. The frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutant cells increased by
      approximately 9-fold as a result of the treatment with alpha
      difluoromethylornithine, a potent inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (EC
      4.1.1.17). This increase was prevented by supplementing the cultures with
      putrescine, suggesting that polyamine depletion, but not the direct mutagenic
      action of the enzyme inhibitor, is responsible for the mutant-increasing effect.
      These results suggest that polyamines may participate in the conservation of
      genetic information at either the chromosome or gene level.

PMID- 6432308
TI  - Polyamine requirements for induction of HL-60 promyelocyte differentiation by
      leukocyte-conditioned medium and phorbol ester.
AB  - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine have been implicated in the
      regulation of both proliferation and differentiation. Spermidine is required for
      DNA replication, and the intracellular depletion of this polyamine can be used to
      distinguish cellular events related to proliferation. We have demonstrated
      previously that depletion of intracellular spermidine results in cytostasis of
      human HL-60 promyelocytes. The inhibition of HL-60 proliferation is associated
      with inhibition of differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylene
      bisacetamide, butyric acid, and retinoic acid. The present studies extend these
      findings by monitoring the effects of spermidine depletion and inhibition of DNA
      replication on induction of HL-60 differentiation by leukocyte-conditioned medium
      and phorbol ester. The results demonstrate that both inducers enhance
      intracellular polyamine levels. However, depletion of intracellular spermidine
      inhibits induction of HL-60 differentiation by leukocyte-conditioned medium, but
      not by phorbol ester. Further, the addition of exogenous spermidine abrogates the
      inhibition of proliferation, and leukocyte-conditioned medium induced HL-60
      differentiation, confirming the requirement of this polyamine for the expression
      of a differentiated phenotype. The present results and our previous findings
      suggest that spermidine is required for induction of HL-60 differentiation by a
      variety of agents, including leukocyte-conditioned medium, but that phorbol ester
      induces HL-60 differentiation in the absence of polyamine biosynthesis and DNA
      replication.

PMID- 6432309
TI  - Effects of pH and temperature on the stability and decomposition of N,N'N"
      triethylenethiophosphoramide in urine and buffer.
AB  - N,N',N"-Triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa) was dissolved at 100
      micrograms/ml in urine or in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer and incubated at 37
      degrees or 22 degrees. After 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of incubation, 0.1-ml
      samples were extracted into ethyl acetate and analyzed by gas-liquid
      chromatography (1.8-m X 2-mm column packed with 3% OV225 on 100/120 Supelcoport;
      oven at 180 degrees; injection port and nitrogen-phosphorus detector at 230
      degrees). Thiotepa was more stable at 22 degrees than at 37 degrees and at pH 6
      to 7 than at pH 4 to 5.5. After 2 hr of incubation at 37 degrees, thiotepa
      concentrations decreased by 40% at pH 5.0 but only 10% at pH 6 or 7. Although
      thiotepa concentrations declined as described above, alkylating activity, as
      assessed by p-nitrobenzyl pyridine reactivity, was stable at all temperatures and
      pHs tested. Partition coefficients of thiotepa degradation products into toluene,
      ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, and hexane were determined after 0 and 120 min of
      incubation in urine at pH 4.0. The extractability of alkylating activity into
      these organic solvents decreased dramatically after 120 min. Thiotepa degradation
      products were extracted from urine at pH 4.0 after 0, 30, 60, and 120 min
      incubation at 37 degrees and were separated by thin-layer chromatography. In
      addition to thiotepa (Rf 0.15), 3 degradation products possessing p-nitrobenzyl
      pyridine alkylating activity (Rf 0.35, 0.52, and 0.60) were observed during the
      course of incubation. The structures of the materials with Rf 0.35 and 0.52 were
      identified by mass spectrometry and indicated that thiotepa degradation occurs by
      successive addition of HCl molecules with opening of the aziridine rings and
      conversion to 2-chloroethyl moieties.

PMID- 6432310
TI  - Expression of Ca antigen in relation to cell cycle in cultured human tumor cells.
AB  - In order to explain the heterogeneity of Ca antigen (Ca) expression observed
      previously on human malignant cells, a relationship of antigen content with
      events in the cell cycle was studied by multiparameter flow cytometry on four
      continuous human cell lines, HeLaS3, C4l, HT29, and T24, grown exponentially in
      culture. In the four cell lines studied, there was an increase in Ca expression
      during the G1 and G2 + M phases whereas, during the S phase, the Ca expression
      was relatively constant. Although the level of Ca varied among the four cell
      lines, the mean amount of Ca expressed during the G2 + M phase was from 58 to 94%
      higher than the mean for the G1 phase. The G1 and G2 + M cell populations also
      displayed considerably greater variability of Ca content when compared with cells
      in the S phase. The level of Ca among cell lines appeared to have an inverse
      relationship to DNA content expressed as DNA index. Ca expression appeared to be
      related to RNA content and hence, presumably, ribosomal content, across the cell
      cycle. This study suggests that some of the heterogeneity of Ca expression in
      human cancer cells may be related to cell cycle events.

PMID- 6432311
TI  - Inhibition of mouse bladder tumor proliferation by murine interferon-gamma and
      its synergism with interferon-beta.
AB  - We studied the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and mouse L-cell interferon
      (IFN-beta) on the proliferation of a mouse bladder tumor, MBT-2. A liquid culture
      clonogenic assay was used, and a linear relationship was obtained between the
      number of cells plated and the number of colonies formed. When the cells were
      assayed in the presence of various doses of murine IFN-gamma or IFN-beta, colony
      formation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Partially purified IFN-gamma
      was more effective than IFN-beta in inhibiting MBT-2 colony formation in that IFN
      beta exhibited a 50% inhibition dose of approximately 1000 units/ml, while the
      50% inhibition dose for the partially purified IFN-gamma was approximately 70
      units/ml. The 50% inhibition dose for recombinant IFN-gamma was 700 units/ml,
      suggesting that multiple lymphokines were active in the partially purified
      preparation. Further studies with partially purified IFN-gamma showed that the
      inhibitory effect was time dependent with the maximal effect observed after 48 hr
      of exposure in a 5-day assay. Treatment of partially purified IFN-gamma for 24 hr
      at pH 2.0 resulted in the abrogation of the antiproliferative effect. Studies in
      which partially purified IFN-gamma preparations were treated with a monoclonal
      antibody against IFN-gamma also resulted in abrogation of antiproliferative
      activity, confirming the nature of the antiproliferative agent to be IFN-gamma.
      Further studies showed that murine recombinant IFN-gamma also inhibited MBT-2
      proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, confirming that IFN-gamma alone
      mediates antiproliferative activity. Combinations of IFN-beta and recombinant IFN
      gamma acted synergistically in the inhibition of MBT-2 proliferation.

PMID- 6432312
TI  - Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)
      on the growth of experimental renal adenocarcinoma in mice.
AB  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone)
      (MGBG) were tested against a murine renal adenocarcinoma, because polyamines are
      necessary for neoplastic cell growth and because human renal adenocarcinomas
      contain higher levels of spermidine than do normal renal cells; MGBG inhibits
      spermidine synthesis and has some activity against human renal tumors; DFMO
      irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, the first rate-limiting enzyme
      controlling polyamine biosynthesis; and DFMO promotes intracellular accumulation
      of MGBG in experimental tumor models and human leukemia. DFMO (2%) in drinking
      water, MGBG (15 mg/kg i.p.), or a combination of DFMO and MGBG was administered
      daily to BALB/c mice (n = 80) with intrarenal transplants of renal adenocarcinoma
      cells. At 28 days, renal carcinomas weighed 64 and 73% less, respectively, in
      DFMO- and DFMO-MGBG-treated mice than in control animals (p less than 0.01). MGBG
      alone had no antigrowth effect. DFMO-MGBG reduced the total metastatic index
      (total number of metastases/total number of animals) to 1.2 versus 3.6 in control
      animals (p less than 0.01) and increased survival by 12.3 +/- 1.5 (S.E.) days,
      from 30.8 to 42.5 days (p less than 0.05). Compared with control, DFMO-, or MGBG
      treated animals, DFMO-MGBG exposure reduced tumor growth and the number of
      metastases, prevented metastases in some animals (47%), and increased survival of
      mice bearing renal adenocarcinomas. DFMO also appeared to selectively increase
      the uptake of [14C]MGBG by tumor tissue, which may help to explain the enhanced
      synergistic antigrowth effect of DFMO and MGBG against this murine renal
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6432313
TI  - Decreased cell kill of vincristine and methotrexate against 9L rat brain tumor
      cells in vitro caused by alpha-difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine
      depletion.
AB  - The effect of polyamine depletion on the cell kill caused by the cell cycle
      specific agents vincristine (VCR) and methotrexate (MTX) was studied in 9L rat
      brain tumor cells in vitro using a colony-forming efficiency assay as the
      experimental end point. The cell kill produced by a 24-hr treatment with VCR or
      MTX was decreased in 9L cells pretreated with 1 mM alpha-difluoromethylornithine,
      an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Reversal of the alpha
      difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine depletion with 1 mM exogenous
      putrescine prevented the decrease in VCR and MTX cytotoxicity. After a 48-hr
      treatment with 1 mM alpha-difluoromethylornithine, the number of mitotic cells in
      asynchronously growing 9L cell cultures was reduced markedly. The decreased cell
      kill of VCR and MTX appeared to be the result of polyamine depletion-induced
      inhibition of 9L cell cycle traverse, which reduced the number of cells in drug
      sensitive phases of the cell cycle and thereby reduced the cell kill caused by
      the drugs.

PMID- 6432314
TI  - Potent activation of mouse macrophages by recombinant interferon-gamma.
AB  - The ability of recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to activate mouse
      macrophages was investigated. The use of recombinant IFN-gamma has the advantage
      of being devoid of contaminating lymphokines. Two preparations of IFN-gamma were
      utilized, one which was not glycosylated and which was highly purified from
      Escherichia coli another which was glycosylated and which was from transfected
      COS-7 monkey cells. Both preparations of recombinant IFN-gamma activated murine
      macrophages to kill lymphoma and melanoma tumor targets, suggesting that
      glycosylation of the protein or the presence of other mammalian proteins is not
      essential for activation. Significant levels of cytolytic activity were induced
      from IFN-gamma (1 to 10 units/ml). This activity was undiminished by treatment of
      the IFN-gamma preparations with polymixin B at doses which neutralized endotoxin
      (50 micrograms/ml). Similarly, IFN-gamma, at low concentrations, induced an
      inhibition of migration by macrophages. Based on antiviral activity, IFN-gamma
      was shown to be 100 to 1000 times more potent than was IFN-beta as a macrophage
      activating agent. Taken together, these results demonstrate that murine IFN-gamma
      is a macrophage-activating factor which is effective at physiological
      concentrations. Of particular interest is the observation that the
      nonglycosylated E. coli-derived IFN-gamma is active and therefore may be of value
      for therapeutic studies, since it can be easily produced in large amounts.

PMID- 6432315
TI  - Factors influencing expression of mammary ductal dysplasia in cell dissociation
      derived murine mammary outgrowths.
AB  - The expression of mammary ductal dysplasia has been shown to be enhanced in
      mammary outgrowths derived from enzymatically dissociated mammary cells and
      influenced by the number of cells used to derive the outgrowths. The present
      study was designed to examine this cell dose effect further and to determine if
      the developmental state of the outgrowths or the time between carcinogen
      administration and cell dissociation affects the expression and persistence of
      the ductal dysplasias. Mammary outgrowths were derived by injecting 10(4) or
      10(5) enzymatically dissociated mammary cells into gland-free fat pads of 3-week
      old female BALB/c mice. Donor animals were untreated or were exposed to either
      7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or gamma-ray irradiation. The outgrowths were
      examined at 4.5, 8, 10, or 16 weeks after transplantation, depending on the
      experiment, and classified as having normal or dysplastic growth. The data
      indicated that expression of ductal dysplasia was greater in outgrowths derived
      from 10(4) than from 10(5) cells regardless of the developmental state of the
      outgrowths. When 24 hr elapsed between carcinogen exposure and cell dissociation,
      expression of lesions in outgrowths derived from 10(4) cells required active
      ductal growth, in that lesions that were present in developing outgrowths
      remodeled and were no longer detectable when the outgrowths completely filled the
      fat pad. When second-transplant-generation outgrowths were derived from cells of
      full (non-growing) first-generation outgrowths, ductal dysplasias were
      reexpressed but, once again, only within developing outgrowths. Increasing the
      time between carcinogen treatment and cell dissociation, i.e., 6 days or longer,
      resulted in both increased frequencies of ductal dysplasias and substantial
      numbers of lesions which persisted within full outgrowths. These results
      suggested that the acquisition of the altered growth potential which resulted in
      ductal dysplasias and the ability of these lesions to gain some autonomy from
      growth-regulatory mechanisms were separate events that occurred at different
      times after carcinogen treatment.

PMID- 6432316
TI  - Induction of major chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a specific irreversible inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and has antitumor effects. In this paper,
      we show that DFMO inhibits the growth of and causes severe chromosomal damage in
      Chinese hamster ovary cell strain A7 which grows without serum but has deficient
      arginase activity and therefore requires ornithine or polyamines for continuous
      replication. In ornithine-containing medium, the A7 cells had very few chromosome
      aberrations, but incubation of these cells with 0.5 mM DFMO for 7 days induced
      chromosome aberrations in 12 to 46% of the mitoses. Depletion of polyamines by
      omitting ornithine from the medium also caused chromosome aberrations. The
      chromosomal damage found after DFMO treatment alone and ornithine deprivation
      alone were of similar nature. In addition to chromosome breaks, there were
      chromosome fragmentation and structurally changed chromosomes including rings,
      chromatid exchange configurations, and chromosome elongations. A phenomenon
      resembling premature chromosome condensation was also seen. Double-minute
      chromosomes were visible in some mitoses, and the chromosome elongations
      sometimes gave an impression of homogeneously staining regions.

PMID- 6432317
TI  - Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-one cases of newly diagnosed nonlymphocytic leukemia were subjected to
      analysis of immunoglobulin gene organization. Although immunoglobulin gene
      organization is an essential property of B-lineage cells, immunoglobulin gene
      rearrangement has also been observed in mouse T-cells and occasionally in
      cultured human T-cell leukemic cells. Here we report the first case of acute
      myelogenous leukemia in which mu-chain gene rearrangement is demonstrated. This
      finding provides a further step in our understanding of both normal and abnormal
      hematopoietic cell differentiation and the heterogeneity of nonlymphocytic
      leukemia.

PMID- 6432318
TI  - A new type of carbohydrate-containing synthetic antigen: synthesis of
      carbohydrate-containing polyacrylamide copolymers having the specificity of O:3
      and O:4 factors of Salmonella.
AB  - The synthesis of a new type of synthetic antigen that contains no protein is
      described. Two linear polyacrylamide copolymers with carbohydrate branches were
      obtained via radical copolymerisation of the allyl glycosides of the
      oligosaccharide determinants O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-L
      rhamnopyranosyl-(1----3 )-beta-D- galactopyranose and O-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo
      hexopyranosyl-(1----3)-alpha-D-mannopyranose with acrylamide. These copolymers,
      which contained 30% of carbohydrate and had molecular masses exceeding 100
      kilodaltons, had the group specificity E and B of Salmonella.

PMID- 6432319
TI  - Characterization of anti-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine antibodies elicited through
      haptenated liposomes.
AB  - Antiserum was raised in rabbits against p-aminophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D
      glucoside covalently coupled to phosphatidylaminoethanol-containing lecithin
      liposomes. The affinity-purified antibodies were found to be IgM. The properties
      of the antibodies were studied by ligand inhibition of quantitative
      precipitation, fluorescence titration with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and
      complement lysis of haptenated liposomes.

PMID- 6432320
TI  - Chemical modification and serological properties of the 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2
      octulosonic acid-containing polysaccharide from Escherichia coli LP1092.
AB  - The alpha-D configuration of the 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosylonic acid residues in
      the E. coli LP1092 polysaccharide was definitively assigned by a comparison of
      its c.d. spectrum with those of methyl 3-deoxy-alpha- and -beta-D-manno-2
      octulopyranosidonic acid. The c.d. spectrum of the polysaccharide showed a
      negative n----pi transition at 211 nm, associated with carboxyl groups, which
      correlated well with the negative band at 218 nm exhibited in the c.d. spectrum
      of the methyl alpha-D-glycoside. In contrast, the methyl beta-D-glycoside gave a
      positive band in the same region of its c.d. spectrum, at 221 nm. Treatment of
      the E. coli LP1092 polysaccharide with 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1
      ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride yielded a modified polysaccharide containing O
      acylisourea groups and intramolecular lactones, in addition to some unesterified
      carboxyl groups. Both forms of ester could be reduced to hydroxymethyl groups by
      sodium borohydride. Although immuno-precipitation of an antiserum specific for
      the E. coli LP1092 polysaccharide is not sensitive to the introduction of O
      acylisourea groups into the polysaccharide, precipitation was completely
      eliminated when approximately half of the carboxyl groups of the polysaccharide
      were converted either into lactone or hydroxymethyl groups. Failure to
      precipitate the antiserum can be attributed to significant conformational changes
      in the polysaccharide brought about by the introduction of the latter two groups.

PMID- 6432321
TI  - A sensitive assay for endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H using a native
      glycoenzyme as substrate.

PMID- 6432322
TI  - A simple and rapid method for purification of the beta-D-galactosidase from
      bovine testes.

PMID- 6432323
TI  - Synthesis and mass spectra of the partially methylated and partially ethylated
      anhydro-D-mannitol acetates derived by reductive cleavage of permethylated and
      perethylated Saccharomyces cerevisiae D-mannans.
AB  - Reductive cleavage of per-O-ethylated or per-O-methylated Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae D-mannans and subsequent acetylation had previously been shown to
      produce the expected derivatives of 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol. Described herein is
      the independent synthesis of each of these derivatives, namely, 1,5-anhydro
      2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-, -2,3,4,6-tetra-O-ethyl-, -2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-methyl
      , -2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-ethyl-, -3-O-acetyl-2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-, -3-O-acetyl
      2,4,6-tri-O-ethyl-, -6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-, -6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O
      ethyl-, -2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-methyl-, -2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-ethyl-, -3,6
      di-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-, and -3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-ethyl-D-mannitol. The
      1H-n.m.r. spectra, chemical-ionization (NH3) mass spectra, and electron-impact
      mass spectra for all of these derivatives are tabulated.

PMID- 6432324
TI  - In vitro properties of ceftazidime, a highly active broad-spectrum cephalosporin
      with antipseudomonal activity.
AB  - Ceftazidime is an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that exhibits a high level of
      broad-spectrum activity, with particularly good activity against Pseudomonas sp.
      Although activity in vitro against staphylococci is moderate, the majority of
      enterobacteria are susceptible, with MIC50 values in the range from 0.06 to 4
      micrograms/ml. This cephalosporin is also highly active against indole-positive
      Proteus sp, Providencia sp, Citrobacter sp, and Serratia sp, with MIC50 values
      ranging from less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.13 microgram/ml. Good activity
      against Pseudomonas sp is a notable feature, with MIC90 values in the range of 4
      to 8 micrograms/ml. Ceftazidime is bactericidal at concentrations identical or
      close to the MIC. Antibiotic performance in vitro appears to be unaffected by the
      presence of body fluids. Good stability to hydrolysis by a range of the prevalent
      beta-lactamases, good penetration into the intact bacterium, and a high affinity
      for the essential penicillin-binding proteins combine to account for the broad
      spectrum and high activity of ceftazidime. Comparative in vitro studies have
      shown ceftazidime to be as active and sometimes more active than available
      aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since the mode of action of ceftazidime differs
      fundamentally from that of the aminoglycosides, high activity is maintained
      against the majority of aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. Ceftazidime should
      therefore represent a viable and potentially safer alternative to aminoglycoside
      antibiotics.

PMID- 6432325
TI  - Intravenous ketoprofen in renal colic: a placebo-controlled pilot study.
AB  - In a double-blind trial 30 patients with renal colic were allocated at random to
      receive 200 mg of ketoprofen, 1 gm of lysine acetylsalicylate, or placebo by
      intravenous bolus injection. The patients were asked to rate their pain at
      intervals within three hours of injection and to indicate on a visual analogue
      scale the overall pain relief obtained. Both ketoprofen and lysine
      acetylsalicylate proved significantly more effective than placebo, with no
      apparent difference between them. Complete relief of pain was obtained in seven
      of ten patients in each of the active treatment groups compared with only one of
      ten patients given placebo. No untoward events were observed in any patient.

PMID- 6432326
TI  - Long-term follow-up study of hypertensive patients by practicing internists after
      a controlled drug trial.
AB  - Thirty patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were treated for an
      average of 44 months by 14 internists in private practice. All patients had
      previously participated in a controlled comparative trial of antihypertensive
      drugs carried out by the same physicians in their offices. During the long-term
      follow-up period, ie, after completion of the initial trial, the physicians
      administered antihypertensive therapy based on their best judgment; the drugs
      they most commonly prescribed were diuretics (80% of patients) and beta-blocking
      agents (60% of patients). Although 80% of the patients received at least two
      different antihypertensive agents, diastolic pressures fell below 96 mmHg in
      approximately 60% of the patients and below 90 mmHg in only a small fraction.
      Thus it appears that it is not easy for physicians in private practice to
      optimally reduce blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients despite the
      availability of numerous antihypertensive drugs. The tendency of practitioners to
      approximate blood pressure levels to multiples of 5 or even 10 mmHg may be
      partially responsible for the unsatisfactory results.

PMID- 6432327
TI  - Intra-abdominal infection: microbiological and clinical aspects, with special
      reference to piperacillin prophylaxis and therapy.

PMID- 6432328
TI  - Abundance of tubulin mRNA on polysomes following deciliation and during the
      synchronous cell cycle of Tetrahymena.
AB  - The protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis GL, was used as a model system for studying
      polysomal mRNA during the cell cycle and during cilia regeneration. Our previous
      work has shown a substantial induction of tubulin synthesis following deciliation
      and during G2 of the synchronous cell cycle. In the present study, the abundance
      of tubulin mRNA on polysomes was examined in order to determine whether more
      tubulin mRNA was being translated during the periods of peak tubulin synthesis.
      Polysomes isolated at sequential times following deciliation and during the
      synchronous cell cycle were translated in a cell-free translation system derived
      from wheat germ. The abundance of tubulin mRNA on polysomes was inferred from the
      amount of tubulin translated in vitro. Following deciliation and prior to the
      peak period of tubulin synthesis, the abundance of tubulin mRNA (at 140 min post
      deciliation) increases to 25 times the initial value observed (at 20 min post
      deciliation). Since the increase in tubulin mRNA abundance precedes the peak in
      tubulin synthesis, induction of tubulin synthesis appears to be mRNA-dependent. A
      similar analysis of tubulin mRNA abundance on polysomes during the synchronous
      cell cycle revealed a peak of tubulin mRNA prior to each peak of tubulin
      synthesis. These studies suggest that the periodic fluctuations in the synthesis
      of tubulin are dependent upon fluctuating levels of tubulin mRNA on polysomes.

PMID- 6432329
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the
      hypothalamus of the monkey, Macaca fuscata.
AB  - The distributional pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the
      hypothalamus of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was analyzed with the use of the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in conjunction with a highly sensitive and
      specific anti-serotonin serum. The highest concentrations of serotonin
      immunoreactive varicose fibers were found in the nucleus praeopticus medialis,
      nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, and the complex of mammillary nuclei (nucleus
      praemamillaris, supramamillaris, mamillaris medialis et lateralis). However, the
      nucleus suprachiasmaticus, where numerous serotoninergic fibers have been
      reported to occur in the rat, appeared to be almost devoid of these fibers. The
      infundibular stalk and the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary
      contained considerable numbers of immunoreactive fibers. The present study
      provides a morphological basis for possible clarification of the influence of
      serotoninergic projections on various neuroendocrine mechanisms in primates.
      Furthermore, an attempt was made to clarify the differences and similarities
      concerning the distributional patterns of serotoninergic nerve fibers within the
      monkey hypothalamus in contrast to the rat hypothalamus.

PMID- 6432330
TI  - Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on hypertonicity-induced changes in toad
      urinary bladder.
AB  - Coincident with an increase in the water permeability of toad urinary bladder
      induced by serosal hypertonicity, a transformation of the ridge-like surface
      structures of the granular cells into individual microvillous structures occurs.
      This study was initiated to establish whether the transformation is mediated by
      the cytoskeletal network and, thus, can be prevented by disruption of microtubule
      microfilament function with colchicine or cytochalasin B (CB). Scanning electron
      microscopy revealed the characteristic branching ridges on granular cells of
      control bladder incubated with colchicine or CB. In contrast, transformation of
      ridges to discrete microvilli was observed in experimental bladders exposed to
      serosal hypertonicity alone or in combination with either colchicine or CB. These
      results suggest that the mechanism underlying hypertonicity-induced surface
      changes which are associated with increased water permeability does not involve
      either microtubules or microfilaments.

PMID- 6432331
TI  - Ovarian sympathectomy in the guinea pig. II. Effects on follicular development
      during the prepubertal period and following exogenous gonadotropin stimulation.
AB  - The role of ovarian adrenergic nerves in follicular growth was studied in
      prepubertal guinea pigs by determining the effect of sympathectomy on follicle
      populations and follicular development following exogenous gonadotropin
      administration. Selective unilateral ovarian sympathectomy was achieved by
      injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into a surgically closed periovarian bursa on day 20
      postpartum. The contralateral surgically closed ovarian bursa was injected with
      the vehicle used for 6-hydroxydopamine. On day 25, animals were injected with
      pregnant mare serum or saline followed by human chorionic gonadotropin or saline
      48 h later. All animals were laparotomized on day 28 and blood from utero-ovarian
      veins was collected bilaterally for androstenedione determination. Ovaries were
      processed for morphometric analysis of follicles. The sympathectomized ovary in
      saline-injected animals had a significant decrease in preantral follicles
      (characterized by less than or equal to 2 layers of granulosa cells without
      antrum formation), an increase in 310-500 micron diameter atretic follicles and
      an increase in follicles greater than or equal to 700 micron compared to the
      contralateral control ovary. There were no differences in androstenedione levels
      from the two sides, ovarian weights or the total number of follicles per ovary.
      Neither ovary had corpora lutea. The sympathectomized ovary in animals injected
      with gonadotropins was not different from the contralateral ovary in any of the
      parameters measured. Both control and sympathectomized ovaries had newly formed
      corpora lutea in response to the exogenous gonadotropins. These results suggest
      that ovarian adrenergic nerves normally participate in follicular development in
      the prepubertal guinea pig. However, exogenous gonadotropins may override neural
      influences on the prepubertal ovary.

PMID- 6432332
TI  - Identification of the acid proteinase in human seminal fluid as a gastricsin
      originating in the prostate.
AB  - On the basis of a) kinetic data obtained with a synthetic substrate and two
      peptide inhibitors and b) immunological cross-reactivity, it is shown that the
      aspartic proteinase of human seminal fluid is a gastricsin. The source of the
      precursor (progastricsin) in the male genital tract is identified to be the
      prostate.

PMID- 6432333
TI  - The control of protein synthesis during heat shock in Drosophila cells involves
      altered polypeptide elongation rates.
AB  - When Drosophila tissue culture cells are shifted from 25 to 36 degrees C (heat
      shocked) the pre-existing mRNAs (25 degrees C mRNAs) remain in the cytoplasm but
      their translation products are underrepresented relative to the induced heat
      shock proteins. Many of these undertranslated 25 degrees C mRNAs are found in
      association with polysomes of similar size in heat-shocked and control cells.
      Furthermore, the messages encoding alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and actin are
      found associated with one-third to one-half as many total ribosomes in heat
      shocked cells as in cells incubated at 25 degrees C. Increased temperature should
      lead to increased output of protein per ribosome. However, the 25 degrees C
      proteins are actually synthesized at less than 10% of 25 degrees C levels in heat
      shocked cells. Thus, the rates of both elongation and initiation of translation
      are significantly (15- to 30-fold) slower on 25 degrees C mRNAs than they are on
      heat shock mRNAs in heat-shocked cells.

PMID- 6432334
TI  - Transcripts of the six Drosophila actin genes accumulate in a stage- and tissue
      specific manner.
AB  - We have surveyed expression of the six Drosophila actin genes during ontogeny.
      Unique portions of cloned actin genes were used to monitor levels of respective
      mRNAs in developmentally staged whole organisms and dissected body parts. We find
      that each gene is transcribed to form functional mRNA, which accumulates with a
      distinct pattern. Two of the genes, act5C and act42A, are expressed in
      undifferentiated cells and probably encode cytoplasmic actins. Act57A and act87E
      are expressed predominantly in larval, pupal, and adult intersegmental muscles;
      act88F in muscles of the adult thorax; and act79B in the thorax and leg muscles.
      These composite data define three main patterns of actin gene expression which
      are correlated with changing Drosophila morphology, particularly muscle
      differentiation and reorganization.

PMID- 6432335
TI  - The messenger RNA for alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster differs in
      its 5' end in different developmental stages.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) of Drosophila melanogaster is coded by a
      single structural gene, active in both larvae and adults. The major larval and
      adult transcripts of Adh differ in their 5'-untranslated regions. The major
      larval mRNA is about 1100 bases long, some 50 bases shorter than the major adult
      transcript. The 5' end of the larval mRNA is colinear with the genomic sequence
      immediately adjacent to the coding region, starting 70 base pairs (bp) upstream
      of the initiation codon. By contrast, the adult mRNA shares only 36 of its 123 5'
      untranslated bases with the larval mRNA; the remaining 87 are encoded by a
      sequence 654 bp upstream. Both initiation sites are preceded by a TATA box some
      24 bp upstream. The developmental specificity of Adh expression is seen,
      therefore, to have a counterpart in the specificity of transcription initiation
      at the two separate promoter regions.

PMID- 6432336
TI  - Secretion of a lambda 2 immunoglobulin chain is prevented by a single amino acid
      substitution in its variable region.
AB  - We have studied two derivatives of the IgA (lambda 2) secreting myeloma cell line
      MOPC315:MOPC315.26, which produces and secretes a lambda 2 light chain, and
      MOPC315.37, which produces but does not secrete the lambda 2 chain. It has been
      reported that the only alteration in the MOPC315-37 lambda 2 chain is located in
      the variable region (Mosmann and Williamson, (1980) Cell 20, 283-292). In order
      to determine the nature of this alteration, we cloned the fragment of the
      chromosome containing the rearranged lambda 2 gene from both the nonsecreting
      variant MOPC315-37 and the normal lambda 2-secreting parent MOPC315-26 and
      determined their nucleotide sequence. We found that the nucleotide sequences
      coding for the leader peptide and for the constant region of the lambda 2 chain
      were identical in the secretor and nonsecretor. The sequences of the variable
      region differed at a single base pair corresponding to the first nucleotide in
      the codon for amino acid number 15. MOPC315-26 has a G in this position creating
      the codon GGT which codes for glycine, and MOPC315-37 has a C in this position
      creating the codon CGT which codes for arginine. Thus, we have demonstrated that
      a single amino acid substitution of a neutral amino acid, glycine, for a
      positively charged amino acid, arginine, results in the failure of a protein to
      be secreted.

PMID- 6432337
TI  - Molecular basis of a mouse strain-specific anti-hapten response.
AB  - The response of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to immunization with proteins coupled to
      (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) is dominated by distinctly different sets of
      antibodies. The VH gene family previously shown to be involved in the C57BL/6
      response has now been shown to have highly homologous counterparts in BALB/c but
      of five sequenced BALB/c VH regions, none appeared likely to be able to encode an
      NP-binding protein. The active VH region from a BALB/c hybridoma making a
      characteristic anti-NP antibody was recovered and sequenced and shown to be quite
      different from the VH gene family involved in the C57BL/6 response. Comparison of
      the variation of the closely related VH regions between the two mouse strains
      showed that there are separate types of evolutionary pressures on the framework
      and complementarity-determining regions. The molecular basis for strain-specific
      immune responses appears to be that the structural divergence of VH regions
      between mouse strains is great enough that different strains use different VH
      regions for making the predominant class of antibodies to a specific hapten.

PMID- 6432338
TI  - Localization of endoplasmic reticulum in living and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells
      with fluorescent dyes.
AB  - Certain fluorescent dyes, previously reported to localize mitochondria, when used
      at higher concentrations also localize a continuous net-like structure in both
      living and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. A similar reticular structure can be
      detected by phase-contrast microscopy and whole-mount electron microscopy in
      potassium permanganate-fixed cells as well. This structure is mostly tubular,
      with some patch-like areas, and is likely to be the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
      The organization of the reticular structure is sensitive to colchicine and
      rotenone but not to cytochalasin B, taxol, monensin, the calcium ionophore
      A23187, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, or hydrocortisone.

PMID- 6432339
TI  - Purification and structural studies of a major scrapie prion protein.
AB  - Scrapie is a degenerative, neurological disorder caused by a slow infectious
      agent or prion. Extensively purified preparations of prions were denatured by
      boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate and the major protein component (PrP 27-30) was
      isolated by preparative HPLC size exclusion chromatography after proteinase K
      digestion. The purified PrP 27-30 molecules were not infectious. Ultraviolet
      absorption spectra of purified PrP 27-30 demonstrated the absence of covalently
      linked polynucleotides. Amino acid composition studies showed that PrP 27-30
      contains at least 17 naturally occurring amino acids. A single N-terminal amino
      acid sequence for PrP 27-30 was obtained; the sequence is N-Gly-Gln-Gly-Gly-Gly
      Thr-His-Asn-Gln-Trp-Asn-Lys-Pro-Ser-Lys and it does not share homology with any
      known proteins. The same amino acid sequence was found when an extensively
      purified preparation of prions aggregated into rods and containing approximately
      10(9.5) ID50 U/ml was sequenced directly. Knowledge of the amino acid sequence
      should permit determination of the genetic origin and replication mechanism of
      prions.

PMID- 6432340
TI  - A homing receptor-bearing cortical thymocyte subset: implications for thymus cell
      migration and the nature of cortisone-resistant thymocytes.
AB  - The thymus exports a selected subset of virgin T lymphocytes to the peripheral
      lymphoid organs. The mature phenotype of these thymus emigrants is similar to
      that of medullary thymocytes and has been cited as supporting a medullary rather
      than cortical exit site. Using the monoclonal antibody MEL-14, we identify a 1%
      3% subpopulation of thymocytes that expresses high levels of a receptor molecule
      involved in lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes. We present evidence that
      these rare MEL-14hi thymocytes are predominantly of mature phenotype and
      represent the major source of thymus emigrants. Surprisingly, MEL-14hi thymocytes
      are exclusively cortical in location, although their mature phenotype may allow
      them to masquerade as medullary cells in conventional studies. We also
      demonstrate that unlike medullary thymocytes, many cortisone-resistant thymocytes
      (CRT) are MEL-14hi. Thus, in contrast to current dogma, CRT do not represent a
      sample of medullary thymocytes as they are found in situ and their level of
      immunocompetence does not necessarily reflect that of the medullary population.
      Our findings refute the hypothesis that phenotypically and functionally mature
      cells are restricted to the medulla, and support our proposition that most thymus
      emigrants are derived from the MEL-14hi cortical subset.

PMID- 6432341
TI  - Of fruit flies, mice, and men: the illicit review of science.

PMID- 6432342
TI  - Upstream elements necessary for optimal function of the hsp 70 promoter in
      transformed flies.
AB  - Deletion mutants of the Drosophila hsp 70 promoter region have been fused to a
      truncated Drosophila Adh gene lacking its own promoter. These fusion genes were
      introduced into the Drosophila genome using the P-element transformation system.
      S1 mapping of fusion transcripts in transformed flies shows that their expression
      is completely dependent on the function of the hsp 70 promoter, and that 97 bp of
      hsp 70 5'-flanking DNA is sufficient to induce transcription upon heat shock to a
      level similar to that of the wild-type hsp 70 gene. By contrast, a deletion
      containing 68 bp of 5'-flanking DNA is only inducible to a low level even though
      this deletion retains the consensus sequence, which is sufficient for induction
      and maximal expression of this gene in COS cells and Xenopus oocytes. A sequence
      centered at -125 with the potential for forming an S1 nuclease-sensitive
      structure does not affect inducibility or efficiency of expression.

PMID- 6432343
TI  - The 3' end of drosophila histone H3 mRNA is produced by a processing activity in
      vitro.
AB  - We have examined the process by which the 3' terminus of the Drosophila histone
      H3 mRNA is produced in vitro. When a template containing a portion of DNA that
      flanks the normal 3' end of the histone H3 gene and an oligo dC tail on the
      template strand is transcribed in vitro by Drosophila RNA polymerase II,
      transcription continues beyond the 3' end of the H3 gene. A processing activity
      was identified that cleaves the precursor transcript generating an RNA species
      with the same 3' end as the mature H3 mRNA. The processing activity was partially
      purified by ion exchange chromatography and sucrose gradient sedimentation. The
      isolated activity was found to require Mg++ but did not require addition of a
      nucleoside triphosphate for activity. The activity sedimented with a molecular
      weight of approximately 140,000 daltons. Transcription of the template and
      processing of the RNA can be uncoupled in vitro.

PMID- 6432344
TI  - Chromatin structure of the molecular ends of Oxytricha macronuclear DNA: phased
      nucleosomes and a telomeric complex.
AB  - Oxytricha macronuclear DNA exists as approximately 24 X 10(6) gene-sized
      molecules terminating with a C4A4 repeat. DNA-protein interactions at the ends of
      bulk macronuclear molecules were probed with micrococcal nuclease and
      methidiumpropyl-EDTA X Fe(II) (MPE X Fe[II]). The ends were indirectly labeled by
      hybridizing with (C4A4)2. Alternatively, a novel method using MPE X FE(II) as a
      probe and directly labeling the 3' ends with terminal transferase was
      implemented. A terminal complex involving approximately 100 bp with nucleosomes
      phased inward from the complex was found to be characteristic of most or all of
      the ends. Analysis of two specific genes confirmed the pattern and showed that
      the special structure was on both ends of each molecule. We conclude that a DNA
      protein complex involving 100 bp and terminating with the C4A4 repeat can be
      sufficient to provide the fundamental functions of telomeres, allowing linear DNA
      replication and conferring stability of linear DNA.

PMID- 6432345
TI  - Pre- and post-Golgi vacuoles operate in the transport of Semliki Forest virus
      membrane glycoproteins to the cell surface.
AB  - The effect of reduced temperature on synchronized transport of SFV membrane
      proteins from the ER via the Golgi complex to the surface of BHK-21 cells
      revealed two membrane compartments where transport could be arrested. At 15
      degrees C the proteins could leave the ER but failed to enter the Golgi cisternae
      and accumulated in pre-Golgi vacuolar elements. At 20 degrees C the proteins
      passed through Golgi stacks but accumulated in trans-Golgi cisternae, vacuoles,
      and vesicular elements because of a block affecting a distal stage in transport.
      Both blocks were reversible, allowing study of the synchronous passage of viral
      membrane proteins through the Golgi complex at high resolution by immunolabeling
      in electron microscopy. We propose that membrane proteins enter the Golgi stack
      via tubular extensions of the pre-Golgi vacuolar elements which generate the
      Golgi cisternae. The proteins pass across the Golgi apparatus following cisternal
      progression and enter the post-Golgi vacuolar elements to be routed to the cell
      surface.

PMID- 6432346
TI  - Resistance and susceptibility to infection in inbred murine strains. IV. Effects
      of dietary zinc.
AB  - Mice of several inbred strains have been fed diets containing either large
      amounts of zinc (300 ppm Zn), small amounts of zinc (5 ppm Zn), or routine
      laboratory mouse chow. When the mice are fed on a high-zinc diet, murine strains,
      such as C3H/HeJ, AKR/J, and CBA/CaJ, which are normally susceptible to infection
      with Candida albicans and which normally release low titers of migration
      inhibition factor (MIF) in vivo into the circulation, become more resistant to
      infection with C. albicans and release higher titers of MIF in vivo into the
      circulation. In addition, their capacity to elicit delayed type hypersensitivity
      responses may be enhanced. When the mice are maintained on a low-zinc diet,
      murine strains, such as C57Bl/10SNJ, which are normally resistant to infection
      with C. albicans and which normally release high titers of MIF in vivo into the
      circulation on appropriate antigenic challenge, become more susceptible to
      infection and release lower titers of MIF into the circulation. Under these
      conditions of low-zinc concentrations in the diet, their capacity to elicit
      delayed type hypersensitivity may be reduced. Thus, the concentration of zinc in
      the diet may have a pronounced effect on some in vivo parameters of cell-mediated
      immunity.

PMID- 6432347
TI  - Calcium mediates one of the signals required for interleukin 1 and 2 production
      by murine cell lines.
AB  - The murine T lymphoma cell line EL-4 can be induced to produce interleukin 2 (IL
      2) by concurrent stimulation with interleukin 1 (IL-1) and a T-cell lectin such
      as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A). The results presented here
      demonstrate that the requirement for the lectin, but not IL-1, could be
      completely replaced by the calcium ionophore A23187. The optimal effective
      concentration of A23187 was found to be 2.5 X 10(-7) M, and the costimulating
      effect of IL-1 was dose-dependent. The stimulatory effect of A23187 was
      completely eliminated by incorporation of 5 mM ethylene glycol bis (beta
      aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid (EGTA) in the culture medium, and
      this inhibition could in turn be reversed by addition of 5 mM CaCl2 to the
      medium. Release of IL-2 from IL-1/A23187-stimulated EL-4 was detected within 5 hr
      after initiation of the cultures, and both signals were required at the same time
      to initiate synthesis or release of IL-2. In addition, the calcium ionophore also
      augmented release of IL-1 from the P388D1 murine macrophage cell line. These
      results suggest that a calcium-mediated event may serve as a common mechanism for
      the induction of secretion of lymphokines and monokines from murine cell lines.

PMID- 6432348
TI  - [Premature menopause].

PMID- 6432349
TI  - [Do nootropic substances have only a metabolic effect?].

PMID- 6432350
TI  - Characterization of the purified microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase from
      mouse and pig liver.
AB  - The FAD-containing monooxygenase (FMO) has been purified from both mouse and pig
      liver microsomes by similar purification procedures. Characterization of the
      enzyme from these two sources has revealed significant differences in catalytic
      and immunological properties. The pH optimum of mouse FMO is slightly higher than
      that of pig FMO (9.2 vs. 8.7) and, while pig FMO is activated 2-fold by n
      octylamine, mouse FMO is activated less than 20%. Compounds, including primary,
      secondary and tertiary amines, sulfides, sulfoxides, thiols, thioureas and
      mercaptoimidazoles were tested as substrates for both the mouse and pig liver
      FMO. Km- and Vmax-values were determined for substrates representative of each of
      these groups. In general, the mouse FMO had higher Km-values for all of the
      amines and disulfides tested. Mouse FMO had Km-values similar to those of pig FMO
      for sulfides, mercaptoimidazoles, thioureas, thiobenzamide and cysteamine. Vmax
      values for mouse FMO with most substrates was approximately equal, indicating
      that as with pig FMO, breakdown of the hydroxyflavin is the rate limiting step in
      the reaction mechanism. Either NADPH or NADH will serve as an electron donor for
      FMO, however, NADPH is the preferred donor. Pig and mouse FMOs have similar
      affinity for NADPH (Km = 0.97 and 1.1 microM, respectively) and for NADH (Km = 48
      and 73 microM, respectively). An antibody, prepared by immunizing rabbits with
      purified pig liver FMO, reacts with purified pig liver FMO but not with mouse
      liver FMO, indicating structural differences between these two enzymes. This
      antibody inhibited pig FMO activity up to 60%.

PMID- 6432351
TI  - Hypoglycemic activity of aldose reductase inhibitor, 1-[(p
      bromophenyl)sulfonyl]hydantoin.

PMID- 6432352
TI  - [The immune system of the mucous membranes in healthy and diseased subjects,
      particularly in subjects with parasitic diseases].

PMID- 6432353
TI  - A randomized trial of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur (ACF) and
      adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur, methotrexate (ACFM) in patients with
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial was conducted comparing the clinical response of
      60 patients with advanced breast cancer to a combination of adriamycin,
      cyclophosphamide, and oral ftorafur (ACF), or to a combination of ACF plus
      methotrexate (ACFM). The response rate was 12 of 28 (43%) in ACF and 18 of 30
      (60%) in ACFM. Responses were seen more frequently in patients in whom fewer than
      two organs were involved, and responses at dominant metastatic sites were equal
      for the two arms. The response duration was 21 + (3.5-49.5+) months with ACF, as
      against 6.9 (1.9-30.8+) months with ACFM (P less than 0.05). The median survival
      time from start of therapy was 20.8+ months for ACF, while that for ACFM was 13+
      months (statistically not significant). The major toxicities were hair loss, GI
      toxicity, and leukopenia. The response rate with ACFM was higher than that with
      ACF, but the addition of methotrexate to ACF did not increase the complete
      response rate or prolong response duration.

PMID- 6432354
TI  - Fatty acid-induced modifications of mouse mammary alveolar lesions in organ
      culture.
AB  - A newly developed adult RIII mouse mammary gland organ culture system was used to
      examine the effects of fatty acids and a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor on the
      survival and/or growth of lactogenic hormone-independent mammary alveolar lesions
      (MAL). The number of MAL per gland that persisted in the absence of lactogenic
      hormones was increased in cultures treated with arachidonic acid (24.0 +/- 3.4),
      and was decreased after treatment with stearic acid (4.0 +/- 3.4) or indomethacin
      (5.0 +/- 0.6). Arachidonic acid also induced higher incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine into the cellular DNA of MAL containing glands. A comparison of
      [3H]arachidonic acid uptake into intact (MAL containing) glands and parenchyma
      free fat pads revealed a selectively higher incorporation of the labeled fatty
      acid in the intact glands. Arachidonic acid exposure produced higher cumulative
      amounts (4.02 ng) of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which was significantly inhibited
      (1.66 ng) by indomethacin (p less than 0.001). In contrast, exposure to stearic
      acid did not lower PGE2 levels below that of controls. A concomitant increase in
      MAL number and PGE2 production by arachidonic acid and a decrease in both caused
      by indomethacin suggest that arachidonic acid conversion to PGE2 may have a
      facilitative role in the survival of MAL.

PMID- 6432355
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of DNA complexes formed after reaction with anti
      benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide enantiomers of different carcinogenic
      potency.
AB  - Light absorption, fluorescence and linear dichroism (l.d.) spectroscopy and
      fluorescence lifetime measurements reveal characteristic differences that arise
      from structural differences between the DNA complexes with the optical
      enantiomers (+)- and (-)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxides
      (BPDE), a strong and a weak carcinogen, respectively. Both types of complexes
      appear heterogeneous but can be described as composed of two major complex types
      I and II, in different proportions. Like previously observed for DNA modified by
      racemic anti-BPDE, the only distinguishable spectral component of (+)-anti-BPDE
      DNA is the type II complex, whereas the (-)-anti-BPDE-DNA is a mixture of both
      types I and II complexes. The type I complex is characterized by negative I.d., a
      light absorption and excitation spectrum maximum (above 300 nm) at 354 nm and
      strong fluorescence quenching in native DNA, properties expected for an
      intercalation complex in the classical sense. The type II complex on the other
      hand is characterized by positive I.d., a light absorption and excitation
      spectrum maximum (above 300 nm) at 345 nm, and moderate fluorescence quenching in
      native DNA, properties not consistent with intercalation geometry. Rather, the
      BPDE chromophore forms less than 55 degree angle with the mean direction of the
      helix axis. Its interaction with the DNA bases seems to be less than in complex
      I, and is highly sensitive to Ag+ ions. The type II complex may be associated
      with local obstruction of base-pairing properties of native DNA. Since DNA
      binding of chemical carcinogens is considered crucial for tumour initiation it
      follows that the unique properties of the type II BPDE-DNA complex may be of
      fundamental importance in benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6432356
TI  - Clinical chemistry of polyamines.

PMID- 6432357
TI  - Integrity of glycoprotein complex sugars is required for homing but not for
      several other membrane-mediated functions.
AB  - In order to correlate the biochemistry of cell surface carbohydrates with cell
      function, we have treated cells with swainsonine and followed the biochemical and
      functional modifications induced by this compound. After treatment with
      swainsonine, surface glycoproteins had a lower apparent molecular weight and a
      higher isoelectric point. This is compatible with the replacement of complex
      carbohydrates by hybrid or high-mannose carbohydrates. Several functional tests
      were unaffected. However, swainsonine-treated cells displayed an altered pattern
      of in vivo homing, suggesting that carbohydrates play a role in this process.

PMID- 6432358
TI  - Polyamines in Entamoeba invadens.
AB  - The polyamine content of Entamoeba was measured by a procedure that involved
      benzoylation followed by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). A
      high concentration of putrescine and significant amounts of spermidine and
      spermine were found in actively growing trophozoites and in the cyst forms of the
      organism. In contrast, trophozoites in stationary phase had greatly reduced
      amounts of putrescine and exhibited peaks in h.p.l.c., possibly indicative of
      acetylated polyamines. alpha-D,L-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) lowered the
      concentration of polyamines in growing trophozoites, but did not inhibit the
      degree of proliferation. There is evidence for pathways of polyamine biosynthesis
      in Entamoeba other than through ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).

PMID- 6432359
TI  - Hypotension produced by platelet-activating factor is reversed by thyrotropin
      releasing hormone.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a vasoactive phospholipid implicated in
      anaphylactic reactions, causes severe hypotension in experimental animals that is
      highly resistant to pharmacological therapy. In the present studies, we showed
      that PAF (1 nmol/600 g body weight, IV) produced profound hypotension in
      unanesthetized guinea pigs that was promptly and completely reversed by
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (2 mg/kg, IV) or by the synthetic TRH analog
      MK771 (2 mg/kg, IV). TRH also reversed this hypotension when administered
      intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at a dose (0.02 mg/kg) that was systemically
      ineffective. The opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg) was less effective
      than TRH in reversing the cardiovascular consequences of PAF administration.
      These data suggest that TRH reverses PAF-induced shock through central receptor
      mediated mechanisms. This therapeutic action of TRH may partially account for the
      beneficial cardiovascular effects of this peptide in anaphylactic shock.

PMID- 6432360
TI  - Oxygen radicals mediate the cerebral arteriolar dilation from arachidonate and
      bradykinin in cats.
AB  - Topical application of sodium arachidonate (50-200 micrograms/ml) or bradykinin
      (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) on the brain surface of anesthetized cats caused dose
      dependent cerebral arteriolar dilation. This dilation was blocked by 67-100% in
      the presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase. These enzymes did not affect
      the changes in arteriolar diameter caused by alterations in arterial blood PCO2,
      or the arteriolar dilation from topical acetylcholine. Enzymes inactivated by
      heat had no effect on the vasodilation from arachidonate or bradykinin.
      Superoxide dismutase alone or catalase alone reduced the dilation during
      application of 200 micrograms/ml of arachidonate for 15 minutes; they also
      completely prevented the residual dilation seen 1 hour after washout, as well as
      the reduction in the vasoconstrictive effects of arterial hypocapnia observed at
      this time. The results show that superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide,
      or radicals derived from them, such as the hydroxyl radical, are mediators of the
      cerebral arteriolar dilation from sodium arachidonate or bradykinin. These
      radicals are not the endothelium-derived relaxant factor released by
      acetylcholine. The presence of both superoxide anion radical and hydrogen
      peroxide is required for the production of the vascular damage seen during
      prolonged application of high concentrations of sodium arachidonate.

PMID- 6432361
TI  - [Grand mal epilepsy caused by pyquiton in the treatment of clonorchiasis].

PMID- 6432362
TI  - [Study on an agar gel diffusion method for the identification of mosquito blood
      meals].

PMID- 6432363
TI  - New separation method for monoclonal immunoradiometric assays and its application
      to assays for thyrotropin and human choriogonadotropin.
AB  - We describe a novel separation procedure for immunoradiometric assays involving
      monoclonal antibodies in which both radiolabeled and capture antibodies are used
      in solution, the capture antibody being labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate
      (FITC). Separation is achieved by incubation with anti-FITC antibodies on
      magnetic particles. This technique enhances reaction kinetics relative to those
      of assays in which a solid-phase capture antibody is used, thus allowing faster
      reaction times and more economic use of the monoclonal antibodies. The use of
      anti-FITC magnetic solid phase produces an assay having a highly specific
      separation method, minimal nonspecific binding, and high sensitivity. The method
      is illustrated by application to assays for thyrotropin and human
      choriogonadotropin.

PMID- 6432364
TI  - Affinity-column-mediated immunoenzymometric assays: influence of affinity-column
      ligand and valency of antibody-enzyme conjugates.
AB  - We describe an affinity-column-mediated, enzyme-linked immunometric assay that is
      highly sensitive and adaptable to automation. Digoxin is the model test analyte.
      A comparison of digoxin with its analog, ouabain, for use as the immobilized
      ligand on the affinity column showed ouabain to be superior. We also report the
      effect of column elution rate. Antibody-enzyme conjugates prepared with the
      monovalent Fab'-fragment and the divalent F(ab')2-fragment coupled to beta
      galactosidase are compared in terms of their overall assay performance. Although
      the monovalent Fab'--beta-galactosidase conjugate yields a more sensitive assay
      and dose-response curves that are linear over a wider range, the divalent F(ab')2
      -beta-galactosidase conjugate provides an assay with adequate sensitivity and
      extremely good precision, and is generally easier to synthesize reproducibly.
      This fully automated, rapid, and precise assay for digoxin is compatible with the
      Du Pont aca discrete clinical analyzer.

PMID- 6432365
TI  - Lymphokines and monokines as regulators of human lymphoproliferation.
AB  - The development of a competent immunoregulatory response in the face of an
      antigenic challenge is modulated by soluble proteins of relatively low molecular
      mass. Lymphokines and monokines, secreted by cells of T lineage and cells of the
      monocyte/microphage series, respectively, function in a bimodal amplification
      network that results in the proliferation and differentiation of the
      immunoregulatory cells. Interleukin 1 is typically assayed by its effect on
      thymocytes or by its ability to promote the T cell-dependent release of
      interleukin 2. Interleukin 2 is routinely measured by its ability to support the
      long-term growth of cultured T cells, whereas B cell growth factor is measured by
      its ability to support the long-term growth of cultured B lymphocytes. The
      availability of homogeneous purified factors and the subsequent availability of
      monoclonal antibodies against these reagents should allow for the development of
      rapid quantitative assays for these analytes in diverse biological fluids. In
      addition, large quantities of purified reagents will promote studies to determine
      therapeutic efficacy in several immunodeficiency syndromes.

PMID- 6432366
TI  - Stability of gastric-juice pepsin, and a method for its preservation.

PMID- 6432367
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of absence seizures.

PMID- 6432368
TI  - Complex partial seizures of childhood onset: a clinical and encephalographic
      study.

PMID- 6432369
TI  - Trauma, high density lipoproteins, and serum amyloid protein A.
AB  - Several apoproteins not readily detectable in normal serum lipoproteins were
      found in markedly increased amounts in the lipoprotein density interval 1.125
      1.21 g/ml (HDL3) of serum obtained from victims of severe trauma. Following
      electrophoretic separations, they were shown to be isotypes of the acute-phase
      protein serum amyloid A (SAA) by immunoreaction with antiserum to the
      structurally related tissue amyloid protein A (AA). The two principal apoSAA
      isotypes in the HDL3 of trauma patients appear to be identical to the two
      principal isotypes (apoSAA1 and apoSAA2) previously isolated from the HDL3 of
      pooled serum representing an unselected patient population. Concentrations of
      apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in the HDL3 of the trauma patients were
      significantly lower than in the HDL3 of normal serum. Evidence is presented that
      several recently described 'new' families of HDL apoproteins, all of an acute
      phase nature, are SAA apoproteins, which are emerging as sensitive indicators of
      tissue damage.

PMID- 6432370
TI  - Alterations in human serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme by chronic
      administration of lithium.
AB  - There are conflicting data on the effects of lithium on bone metabolism. Bone
      formation is known to be reflected by the activity of alkaline phosphatase of the
      bone tissue. We have found significant differences in mean serum alkaline
      phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme levels between a group receiving lithium and a
      control group. In this study increased bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase
      activity above the normal range was found in 27 of 41 patients treated with
      lithium carbonate. In 19 of 41 patients treated with lithium the activity of bone
      isoenzyme was increased above the normal range even in the absence of increased
      activity of serum total alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6432371
TI  - Application of a GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase microassay method to
      diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis.
AB  - The enzymatic diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis, including the diagnosis of
      heterozygosity, requires a microassay of GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase
      activity in lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. We have adopted high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to the assay of this enzyme and can
      measure the activity in crude samples fluorometrically. Reaction conditions were
      examined to determine those optimal for the assay of GM1 ganglioside beta
      galactosidase activity in lymphocyte and skin fibroblast homogenates. Under these
      optimal conditions, reduced enzymatic activities could be detected in lymphocytes
      and cultured skin fibroblasts from three patients with GM1 gangliosidosis. Thus,
      this assay can be used for the diagnosis, rather than the usual assays employing
      radioactive or artificial substrates.

PMID- 6432372
TI  - Monoclonal 7S IgM: a rapid screening technique.

PMID- 6432373
TI  - Grand mal discharge.
AB  - Two hundred nineteen grand mal discharges were reviewed in 50 epileptic patients.
      It was commonly seen in patients with prenatal and perinatal causes, mental
      deficiency with neurological deficits, and multiple types of seizures. Eighty
      eight percent of the discharges were bilaterally synchronous with 49 percent of
      bifrontal predominance. Fifty-eight percent were associated with drowsiness or
      sleep, and 64 percent were associated with clinical accompaniments. The most
      common clinical signs were tonic movement of arms, legs or neck, eye opening, eye
      fluttering, head drop, etc. The increased frequency of clinical seizures usually
      observed during the occurrence of this pattern may provide some clues that the
      antiepileptic medication should be reassessed to control the oncoming seizure
      attacks.

PMID- 6432374
TI  - The thyroid function in young men during prolonged exercise and the effect of
      energy and sleep deprivation.
AB  - Thyroid function has been investigated in 24 young military cadets participating
      in a 5 d ranger training course with heavy physical exercise, calorie deficiency
      and deprivation of sleep. The cadets were divided into three groups, each
      differing in the amount of sleep and food consumption. The serum levels of
      thyroid hormones (T4, FT4, T3, rT3) and TBG showed a biphasic pattern during the
      course. Initially there was an increased secretion concomitant with an increased
      deiodination of T4 to T3 and rT3 mainly due to physical exercise. When the
      activities lasted for several days without sufficient food supply the thyroid
      secretion decreased simultaneously with an alteration of the peripheral
      conversion of T4 to rT3 instead of T3. A significant correlation was found
      between the changes in total and free thyroxine (r = 0.9) and between the
      increase in rT3 and decrease in T3 (r = 0.6). TSH decreased during the first day
      of activities and remained low throughout the course. The TSH response to TRH
      stimulation was greatly reduced during the course due to physical exercise and
      calorie deficiency. The present investigation demonstrates that the thyroid
      function is strongly affected by prolonged physical exercise and a negative
      energy balance, whereas sleep deprivation does not have any significant
      influence. The results indicate that the alteration observed is not regulated
      just by the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid-axis alone.

PMID- 6432375
TI  - The effects of bromocriptine on the sexual behaviour of hyperprolactinaemic man:
      a controlled case study.
AB  - A 44-year old man presented with loss of sexual interest and erectile failure and
      together with his wife was treated successfully with sexual counselling. He was
      subsequently found to have been hyperprolactinaemic before and after sex therapy.
      Comparison of bromocriptine with placebo in two double blind studies showed a
      modest increase in sexual interest when his prolactin levels fell to normal. In
      this case, the principal effect of hyperprolactinaemia was on sexual interest.
      His main problems, erectile impotence and decline in sexual activity, resulted
      from his and his wife's psychological reaction to this modest hormonal effect.
      Hyperprolactinaemia appears to have a similar effect to testosterone deficiency
      in men.

PMID- 6432376
TI  - Contraception with an LHRH agonist: effect on gonadotrophin and steroid secretion
      patterns.
AB  - Chronic treatment with the LHRH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-LHRH (1-9)-EA (buserelin) has
      been suggested as a contraceptive method since it has been shown to inhibit
      ovulation. To elucidate the mechanism of this paradoxical action, we investigated
      the pattern of gonadotrophin and steroid secretion after the daily intranasal
      application of 300 micrograms of the agonist. Ten volunteers with ovulatory
      cycles received the analogue from Day 1 to Day 22 and 5 mg norethisterone acetate
      from Day 16 to Day 22. Blood samples were taken on Day 1, 15, and 21 every 15 min
      for 6 h after the application of the agonist. LH secretion was increased nine
      fold on the first treatment day as compared to Day 2 of the preceding control
      cycle. Thereafter, it decreased slowly but was still elevated five-fold on Day 21
      of treatment. FSH release increased three-fold on Day 1 but decreased thereafter
      to values similar to those of the controls. During treatment with the analogue,
      the LH/FSH ratio changed from 1.3 (controls) to 3.8 on Day 1 and to 5.5 on Day 15
      and 21 of treatment. Although the ovary retained follicular activity, ovulation
      was inhibited in every treatment cycle. This seemed to be due to an impairment of
      follicular steroid synthesis as indicated by a significant increase of 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone levels for several hours after the
      application of the analogue. It appears that at least during the first treatment
      cycle of daily administration of buserelin the abolishment of pulsatile
      gonadotrophin release, and the abnormally increased ratio of LH/FSH secretion may
      possibly impair follicular maturation and thus contribute to the inhibition of
      ovulation.

PMID- 6432377
TI  - The treatment of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in men by the pulsatile infusion
      of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - The effects of chronic subcutaneous infusion of luteinising hormone-releasing
      hormone (LHRH) have been studied in a group of 17 male patients with
      hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH). Ten of the patients had primary and seven
      secondary failure of gonadotrophin release, and all but four had previously been
      treated with gonadotrophin injections. Treatment was continued for between one
      and 18 months and was well tolerated by all except one patient who became
      allergic to LHRH. An increase in the basal gonadotrophin concentrations occurred
      in all except four patients within one week of the initiation of therapy, and
      this was associated with a rise in the serum testosterone level in eight
      patients. Increased spermatogenesis was demonstrated in seven cases and three
      pregnancies have resulted thus far. Pituitary desensitisation to the effects of
      LHRH was found in five subjects with primary HH who failed to produce any
      increase in testosterone secretion despite an initial stimulation of
      gonadotrophin release. We conclude that chronic pulsatile infusion of LHRH is an
      effective technique for the treatment of some cases of hypogonadotrophic
      hypogonadism.

PMID- 6432378
TI  - Potential uses of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor 1-44 amide.
AB  - A family of growth hormone releasing peptides have been isolated and
      characterized from human pancreatic islet cell tumours. We have compared the
      growth hormone release in normal volunteers and patients with various hypothalamo
      pituitary disorders, following direct stimulation of the pituitary using 50
      micrograms of the most potent homologue, hp GRF 1-44 amide i.v. with that
      following indirect stimulation using oral clonidine 0.15 mg/m2, which depends on
      intact hypothalamic mechanisms. These tests both produced a wide variation in GH
      response in normal volunteers, considerable GH release following hp GRF 1-44
      amide but little after clonidine in idiopathic GH deficiency, and
      indistinguishable, negligible responses in patients with craniopharyngiomas and
      pituitary tumours associated with GH deficiency. Two untreated acromegalics
      showed GH increments in the normal range despite elevated basal levels. It is
      concluded that hp GRF 1-44 amide is of limited diagnostic value by itself, but
      may be of considerable therapeutic use in patients with idiopathic GH deficiency.

PMID- 6432379
TI  - Primary radiation therapy for T1 glottic cancer. Factors influencing local
      control.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-four patients with early glottic cancer received
      radiation therapy on the kV250 and cobalt 60 machines. Crude survival rates at 5,
      10 and 15 years were 83%, 73% and 60%, respectively. Salvage surgery for
      locoregional recurrences was successful in 85% of the patients. A significantly
      higher failure rate was noted in patients with a pre-existing chronic laryngitis,
      with lesions confined to the left vocal cord and in those treated with KV250
      irradiation. The rate of second primaries in this case material was 11%, 70% of
      which were noted in the respiratory tract. Megavoltage radiotherapy offers
      excellent chances for cure in T1 laryngeal carcinoma with preservation of good
      voice in most patients. Patients with chronic laryngitis carry a high risk of
      local recurrence and therefore should be considered for primary conservation
      surgery.

PMID- 6432380
TI  - Reduced plasma concentrations of total, low density lipoprotein and high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with Gaucher type I disease.
AB  - Plasma lipid and serum apoprotein concentrations were determined in twenty-nine
      individuals with Gaucher type I disease. Plasma total cholesterol, low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were
      all significantly reduced in the patients with Gaucher disease compared to a
      group of matched control subjects. Total, LDL and HDL cholesterol were lower in
      males than in females with Gaucher disease. These sex differences appeared to be
      inversely correlated with the severity of disease manifestations which were
      greater in the males. Serum levels of apoprotein-B and apoprotein-AI, the major
      structural apoproteins of LDL and HDL, respectively, were decreased in the
      subjects with Gaucher disease. Thus, the reductions in LDL and HDL cholesterol
      were associated with reduced numbers of lipoprotein particles in plasma. In
      contrast, apoprotein-E, a protein which is secreted by several tissues, including
      activated macrophages and which may mediate hepatic catabolism of lipoproteins,
      was elevated in the patients. Since macrophages may also catabolize lipoproteins,
      Gaucher disease may serve as a model for the effect of activated macrophages upon
      human lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 6432381
TI  - Combined sialidase (neuraminidase) and beta-galactosidase deficiency. Clinical,
      morphological and enzymological observations in a patient.
AB  - A patient with combined deficiency of sialidase and beta-galactosidase is
      described. This now 39-year-old man, who is of Japanese origin, showed gradually
      progressive clinical features from the age of six years. Many of these features
      are commonly found in sialidosis type 2 or in GM1-gangliosidosis. Both sialidase
      and beta-galactosidase activities were deficient in leucocytes and cultured
      fibroblasts. Leucocytes of his mother showed activities of both enzymes in the
      lower limit of the control range. Morphologically, the pattern of storage
      products in a skin biopsy resembled in many respects that seen in GM1
      gangliosidosis. Moreover, storage products which could be typical of sialidosis
      were also observed. Since the patient showed angiokeratomata, the morphological
      findings were compared with those specific to Fabry's disease, but no
      similarities were found. An enzymological diagnosis of the disease is most
      reliable on cultured fibroblasts, discriminating it from sialidosis type 2 and
      GM1-gangliosidosis. In view of recent findings, leucocytes seem to be less
      suitable for the establishment of the diagnosis galactosialidosis.

PMID- 6432382
TI  - J chain synthesis and ultrastructural changes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
      cells during in vitro differentiation.
AB  - The synthesis of J chain and the ultrastructural changes in chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia (CLL) cells during in vitro cultures stimulated with PWM and/or
      allogenic T cells were investigated by immunoelectron microscopy,
      radioimmunoassay and anti-idiotype antibodies, in an attempt to demonstrate
      changes in the maturation stage of CLL cells. The cells from four patients showed
      the induction of J chain synthesis in parallel with the increase of Ig synthesis.
      Two of revealed cytological transformations, in which CLL cells resembled
      immunoblasts or plasmacytoid cells. These findings suggest that some CLL cells
      are not 'frozen' within the original maturation stage and can be induced to
      differentiate to a more mature stage.

PMID- 6432383
TI  - Human mononuclear phagocytes from different anatomical sites differ in their
      capacity to metabolize arachidonic acid.
AB  - Human mononuclear phagocytes have the capacity to metabolize arachidonic acid
      (AA) into prostaglandins (PG) endowed with potent activities in immune responses
      and inflammatory processes. We have evaluated AA metabolism in human mononuclear
      phagocytes harvested from different anatomical sites (blood monocytes,
      macrophages from milk, peritoneal cavity and alveolar spaces). At thin layer
      radiochromatography, the AA metabolites mainly present were PGE2, TxB2 and, only
      in bronchoalveolar macrophages, a peak comigrating with PGD2. No appreciable
      levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were observed. These data were confirmed using
      specific radioimmunoassays for TxB2, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Blood monocytes
      and bronchoalveolar macrophages were the poorest producers of PG, with the
      possible exception of PGD2 in bronchoalveolar macrophages. The high amounts of
      TxB2 and PGE2 produced by milk macrophages could contribute to the levels of PG
      in human milk. Thus, human mononuclear phagocytes obtained from diverse
      anatomical sites are considerably heterogeneous in terms of AA metabolism.

PMID- 6432384
TI  - Antibodies to liver cell membrane antigens in chronic active hepatitis (CAH).
      III. Partial characterization of the liver cell membrane antigens and comparison
      of reactivities in sera from patients with various liver diseases.
AB  - The reactivity of sera in liver diseases was investigated by an immunoradiometric
      assay for antibody to liver membrane antigens (LMAg). Serum reactivity was
      similar using glutaraldehyde treated hepatocytes from man and several animals,
      but the reactivity with human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was weak and
      irregular. F(ab)2 fragments from reactive sera were used in competitive
      inhibition experiments to ascertain whether anti-LMAg from different liver
      diseases reacted with the same or different antigenic determinants of the liver
      membrane. Sera from different patients with autoimmune CAH reacted predominantly
      with the same membrane components, as did sera from hepatitis B virus associated
      CAH (CAH-B); however sera from acute viral hepatitis A did not and, since such
      sera were reactive to LMAg in the assay, other membrane antigens are presumably
      involved. Enzymatic treatment of viable hepatocytes was performed to determine
      the nature of the reactive antigen(s): proteases or periodate resulted in reduced
      binding of reactive sera, but neuraminidase did not, suggesting that the LMAg
      recognized by CAH sera comprises species non-specific membrane glycoproteins. We
      conclude, on the basis of quantitative data from a immunoradiometric assay, that
      antibody to LMAg is more probably reactive than pathogenic, and that assessment
      of the antigenicity of specific membrane components is necessary.

PMID- 6432385
TI  - HLA phenotype and insulin antibody production.
AB  - HLA phenotypes have been determined in 79 patients as part of a prospective study
      of factors governing the immune response to injected insulin. IgG insulin
      antibody levels 6 months after starting treatment with bovine insulin were
      significantly higher in patients bearing HLA-DR7 and this in conjunction with the
      lack of a similar pattern in the IgG response to Helix pomatia haemocyanin,
      suggests the presence of an immune response gene for insulin. The
      hyporesponsiveness of HLA-B8/DR3/C4AQ0 positive individuals is more likely to
      reflect a non-specific abnormality of immunity.

PMID- 6432386
TI  - Differential precipitation of the Clq subcomponent of the first complement
      component (C1) by polyethylene glycol from normal human serum and sera of
      patients with collagen diseases.
AB  - Sera were, under strictly standardized conditions, centrifuged in the presence of
      0-5% PEG and the Clq concentration in the precipitates was measured by radial
      immunodiffusion. The presence of circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid
      factor(s) resulted in a shift of Clq precipitation to lower PEG concentrations.
      Clq precipitation at 1.5% PEG was shown to be specific for sera containing immune
      complexes. Under similar conditions addition of aggregated IgG to normal human
      serum gave rise to Clq precipitation directly proportional to the amount of
      aggregated IgG. Precipitation of endogenous Clq at 1.5% PEG and assay by radial
      immunodiffusion may therefore be useful for the detection and quantitation of
      immune complexes in human serum.

PMID- 6432387
TI  - Interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients
      with Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (MNC) from patients with Behcet's syndrome was compared with production by MNC
      from control donors. There was no evidence of significant spontaneous production
      of either IFN-gamma or interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) by unstimulated MNC from
      patients or controls but phytohaemagglutinin treatment of MNC induced IFN-gamma
      in both patient and control groups. Significantly higher titres of IFN-gamma were
      produced by MNC from patients with Behcet's syndrome than MNC from patients with
      other inflammatory diseases (P = 0.005), hospital controls (P = 0.036) or healthy
      controls (P = 0.009). No IFN was detected in plasma from patients or controls.

PMID- 6432388
TI  - Alterations in immunological function in streptozotocin-induced murine diabetes
      mellitus: correction by islet cell transplantation.
AB  - Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of streptozotocin-induced diabetic
      mice were evaluated using in vivo and in vitro immunological assays. C57BL/6 mice
      were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of 125-200 mg/kg of
      streptozotocin. Immunological studies were performed after the mice were diabetic
      (mean +/- SEM serum glucose 537 +/- 14 mg/dl) for a minimum of 4 weeks. Spleen
      cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice exhibited significantly
      diminished direct IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses following either in
      vivo or in vitro immunization with sheep erythrocytes, markedly impaired
      cytotoxic cell responses following in vivo or in vitro allogeneic stimulation,
      and diminished blastogenic response to the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and
      concanavalin A. In contrast the blastogenic response of diabetic spleen cells to
      lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen, was normal. The defects in in vivo PFC
      responses and in vivo cytotoxic cell responses were corrected by islet cell
      transplantation, suggesting that the abnormalities in immunological function of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice are a consequence of the diabetic state and
      not of direct streptozotocin toxicity to lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6432389
TI  - Defective interferon-gamma production in ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - The in vitro production of interferon-alpha and -gamma (IFN) by peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells from four patients with ataxia-telangiectasia was compared to
      that of healthy controls. Normal values of IFN-alpha were obtained in all cases.
      However, patients with ataxia-telangiectasia showed a great reduction or absence
      of IFN-gamma production after induction with either staphylococcal enterotoxin B
      or galactose oxidase. This defect was accompanied by the absence of secretion of
      another lymphokine, namely, interleukin 2 (IL-2), in one case.
      Lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was severely depressed
      in all patients. Near normal values of T lymphocytes were found, but the ratio of
      OKT4+/OKT8+ subsets was reduced in most patients, due to a decrease of OKT4+
      lymphocytes. Deficiency of IFN-gamma may contribute to the abnormalities of
      immune functions and immunoregulation observed in ataxia-telangiectasia, and it
      may represent an additional cause of the high incidence of viral infections and
      neoplasia in this disease.

PMID- 6432390
TI  - Erythropoiesis in culture.

PMID- 6432392
TI  - Acetazolamide and cerebral oxygenation in dogs.
AB  - Acetazolamide could theoretically impair oxygen delivery to cerebral tissue by
      inhibiting local acidification of capillary blood. There is considerable
      evidence, however, that acetazolamide improves cerebral oxygen tension. This
      experiment was designed to demonstrate increased deep cerebral oxygen tension
      after acetazolamide. Three groups of dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital
      and ventilated with a respirator. A Teflon-coated stainless steel catheter was
      placed through a craniotomy into the parietal lobe and advanced into the corona
      radiata to monitor cerebral pO2 and pCO2 with a mass spectrometer. Group one dogs
      were normoxic and eucapneic. Group two dogs were hypoxemic, and Group three dogs
      were hypocapneic. After control cerebral and arterial gas tensions had been
      recorded, acetazolamide (30 mg kg-1) was injected intravenously. Cerebral gas
      tensions were monitored continuously and arterial gases were analyzed at 30, 60,
      90 and 120 min. Cerebral oxygen tension was not decreased by acetazolamide in any
      of the dogs. Cerebral carbon dioxide tension was increased by acetazolamide in
      all dogs. We conclude that acetazolamide does not deplete cerebral oxygen tension
      even in the face of hypoxemia or acute hypocapnea.

PMID- 6432391
TI  - Colony formation by lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6432393
TI  - [D,L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (D,L-threo-DOPS) treatment on the patients
      with Parkinson's disease or pure akinesia].

PMID- 6432394
TI  - Hemangioma with consumptive coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome) detection by
      indium-111 oxine-labeled platelets.
AB  - A 4-year-old boy presented with consumptive coagulopathy suspected to be due to
      Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Localization of homologous indium-111 platelets in the
      region of the right sacral ala confirmed that this was the site of disease and
      facilitated radiation treatment, which proved to be curative.

PMID- 6432395
TI  - Radionuclide venography in subclavian vein thrombosis complicating parenteral
      nutrition.
AB  - Subclavian vein thrombosis and thrombophlebitis are common complications of
      subclavian vein catheterization for parenteral nutrition. We report two cases
      that demonstrate that radionuclide venography can be used to diagnose subclavian
      vein obstruction before classic clinical signs develop.

PMID- 6432396
TI  - Insertion of a central venous catheter for long-term venous access in a child
      with severe hemophilia and recurrent intracranial hemorrhage.

PMID- 6432397
TI  - Splenic abscess caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

PMID- 6432398
TI  - DL-Threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine does not exert a pressor effect in orthostatic
      hypotension.
AB  - DL-Threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-DOPS) was given to six subjects with
      severe orthostatic hypotension (OH). On separate days each subject took either
      600 or 800 mg DL-DOPS or placebo. DL-DOPS increased norepinephrine (NE) excretion
      10,000% and urinary normetanephrine and dihydroxyphenylglycol excretion 400%. DL
      DOPS, however, led to only slight increases in excretion of the major NE
      metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and vanillylmandelic acid. Only
      approximately 2.2% +/- 0.5% (range 0.65% to 3.8%) of the L-stereoisomer (L-DOPS),
      when given as DL-DOPS, is converted to NE in vivo over 24 hr. DL-DOPS did not
      affect either supine or upright blood pressure in our subjects. Our findings do
      not support reports that DL-DOPS may be therapeutically useful in OH.

PMID- 6432399
TI  - Endocrine and clinical effects of leuprolide in prostatic cancer.
AB  - Twenty-nine subjects with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate received daily
      subcutaneous injections of leuprolide, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      analog. After transient gonadotropin and androgen stimulation, leuprolide induced
      long-term suppression of serum testosterone and gonadotropins production. In 25
      subjects there was objective disease stabilization or tumor regression. Eleven
      subjects subsequently relapsed (median = 10 mo) after initiation of treatment.
      Except for vasomotor hot flashes, leuprolide appears to be well tolerated by
      patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6432400
TI  - Ceftazidime disposition in acute and stable cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Ceftazidime disposition after an intravenous dose of 50 mg/kg infused over 20 min
      was followed in 10 subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized with acute
      pulmonary exacerbations and in 10 healthy subjects. Serum ceftazidime elimination
      t 1/2 decreased from 105.3 +/- 12.4 min (mean +/- SD) in controls to 90.0 +/-
      11.1 min in subjects with CF. Calculated distribution volumes were both larger in
      subjects with CF. When normalized for body surface area, total body clearance
      (Cl) was 41.9% greater in the CF group (142.4 +/- 16.9 and 100.5 +/- 10.3
      ml/min/1.73 m2). Normalization for body weight revealed 64.8% greater Cl in
      subjects with CF. Fraction of dose recovered in urine was of the same order for
      each group, while renal clearance (ClR) was 40.9% greater in the subjects with CF
      (130.1 +/- 11.4 and 92.7 +/- 11.6 ml/min/1.73 m2). Five subjects with CF were
      restudied while infection-free 119 to 219 days after the original study day. With
      the exception of a 10% increase in the volume of distribution at steady state
      while infection-free, kinetic parameters were much the same. No changes in Cl or
      ClR were evident from one study day to the next. Acute pulmonary infection does
      not appear to alter ceftazidime clearance in CF. The mechanism underlying
      increased ceftazidime Cl and ClR in CF is not apparent from the present data.

PMID- 6432401
TI  - Glycogen metabolism in psoriatic epidermis and in regenerating epidermis.
AB  - The observation that the glycogen content of epidermis from psoriatic lesions and
      from regenerating wound epithelium is increased has been confirmed by
      quantitative estimation. In epidermis from psoriatic lesions, although the
      proportion of glycogen synthase in the I form is only about 5% of the total and
      similar to control values, total glycogen synthase activity is increased
      approximately 4-fold and hence glycogen synthase I activity is increased to the
      same extent. In contrast, total phosphorylase activity is only slightly increased
      and, since the proportion of the enzyme in the a form is reduced, phosphorylase a
      activity is similar to control values. In epidermis from psoriatic lesions, the
      concentration of UDP-glucose is approximately doubled, and the concentrations of
      fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and of 6-phosphogluconate are increased approximately 5
      fold. It is concluded that rates of glycogen synthesis, of glycolysis and of the
      pentose phosphate pathway are all enhanced in vivo and in consequence the rate of
      glucose uptake by psoriatic epidermis must be increased. In the non-involved
      epidermis of psoriatic patients the glycogen content is within normal limits, and
      although total glycogen synthase activity is increased the ratio of glycogen
      synthase I to phosphorylase a is maintained at normal levels by the appropriate
      phosphorylation of both enzymes. In regenerating wound epithelium in the pig, the
      changes in enzyme activity and in metabolite concentration closely resemble those
      found in epithelium from psoriatic lesions except that in wound epithelium the
      proportion of phosphorylase in the a form is increased relative to normal
      epithelium.

PMID- 6432402
TI  - Sequential joint scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In this sequential study joint scintigraphy was compared with clinical and
      rontgenological evaluation in 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scintigraphy
      sometimes preceded clinical and radiological abnormalities and scan results were
      independent of radiological findings showing no differences when large and small
      joints were compared. Scan findings in 2 patients with arthralgias only were
      negative, suggesting that arthritis was unlikely.

PMID- 6432403
TI  - Gold-induced thrombocytopenia: detection of anti-platelet antibody.
AB  - We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed a sudden, severe
      thrombocytopenia during the early stages of treatment with sodium aurothiomalate.
      There were no haemorrhagic manifestations and the thrombocytopenia was rapidly
      corrected by corticosteroid treatment. The presence of anti-platelet IgG was
      demonstrated in serial serum specimens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). Although most of this reactivity proved to be directed against
      allogeneic antigens on donor platelets, IgG reactive with autologous platelets
      was detected in the first serum sample obtained.

PMID- 6432404
TI  - Failure of sodium aurothiomalate and triethyl phosphine gold to cause renal
      tubular injury in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for the aetiology of gold
      related nephropathy.
AB  - The urinary excretion of two proteins, B-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and N-acetyl-B
      D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Although beta 2M excretion
      was normal NAG excretion was raised. As NAG excretion by a group of
      osteoarthritis patients receiving similar doses of NSAIDs was normal, it is
      concluded that rheumatoid disease per se may be associated with mild renal
      tubular dysfunction. Twelve of the above 25 patients were then given oral
      triethylphosphine-gold (auranofin) 6 mg daily and urinary beta 2M and NAG were
      measured after 6 months' treatment. Urinary excretion of beta 2M and NAG was also
      measured in 13 patients with RA established on intramuscular sodium
      aurothiomalate (MGST) and NSAIDs. Neither auranofin nor myocrisin were found to
      further significantly increase beta 2M and NAG excretion. These results suggest
      that gold compounds are not toxic to renal tubular epithelium.

PMID- 6432405
TI  - Plasma levels and response to prednisolone therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Plasma prednisolone levels were measured in parallel with clinical and laboratory
      assessments in seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis on single daily doses of
      prednisolone which were reduced at weekly intervals from 10 mg. to 7, 6 and 5 mg.
      A significant negative rank correlation was observed between prednisolone dose
      and the duration of morning stiffness (p less than 0.05). No significant
      correlation was observed between plasma prednisolone levels, other clinical
      assessment criteria or laboratory indices.

PMID- 6432406
TI  - Glutathione and selenium in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The concentration of selenium in serum (S-Se) was studied in 20 patients and
      glutathione in erythrocytes (E-GSH) in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      at onset and after 3 and 6 months of antirheumatic therapy with aurothiomalate
      (19 cases) or with D-penicillamine (one case). The values were compared to those
      of age and sex matched healthy controls. S-Se was significantly (p less than
      0.01) lower in RA patients at the onset of the trial, but increased to the level
      of the controls during the follow-up. On the other hand, there was no difference
      in E-GSH between the patients and their controls before the onset of
      antirheumatic medication but the increase in E-GSH of RA patients during the
      trial was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Nevertheless, neither S-Se nor
      E-GSH correlated to changes in clinical or laboratory indicators of disease
      activity or to the development of new erosions in X-ray. It is concluded that
      changes in rheumatoid activity or disease progress occur independently of changes
      in S-Se or E-GSH.

PMID- 6432407
TI  - Auranofin in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. An open label, non-controlled study.
AB  - An open label, non-controlled trial of six-month duration was designed to
      determine the safety and efficacy of auranofin in the treatment of 13 children
      with polyarticular JRA. Adverse reactions were observed in 5 of the 13 patients
      (38%) but only in one was it serious enough to discontinue treatment. None of the
      patients developed diarrhea or hematologic abnormalities. Therapeutic response
      was evaluated in the 11 patients who completed the six-month treatment. According
      to the final overall assessment 9 of the 11 children had improved, one remained
      unchanged and one worsened. After four months of treatment serum gold levels in
      11 patients ranged between 28 and 59 micrograms/dl, with a mean value of 34
      micrograms/dl. There was no correlation between serum gold levels and the
      frequency and severity of side effects.

PMID- 6432408
TI  - Worldwide clinical experience with auranofin.

PMID- 6432409
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of triethylphosphine gold (auranofin) and gold
      sodium thiomalate (GST).
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) and triethylphosphine gold
      (auranofin; AF) are different. Gold sodium thiomalate (GST) is completely
      bioavailable while only 15-25% of auranofin (AF) is absorbed. Protein binding of
      AF occurs to a larger extent to macroglobulins than does GST and total body
      retention of GST is much greater than AF at six months (30% versus approximately
      1%). While terminal serum half-lives are approximately equal, total body half
      lives are 250 days for GST and 69 days for AF. In addition, excretory pathways
      contrast markedly, with 85% of AF appearing in the feces while only 30% of GST is
      excreted by this route; 15% of AF gold appears in the urine and approximately 70%
      of GST gold is excreted via this route. With all the above differences one would
      expect that organ and cellular distribution of these compounds would differ.
      While gold from both drugs is concentrated in kidney, the percent of the dose
      found in the kidneys is less for AF than GST, at least in animals (0.4% vs 4.8%).
      Minute quantities are found in other organs but more study is needed to more
      clearly define organ distribution of these gold compounds, particularly in man.

PMID- 6432410
TI  - Changes in mononuclear cell function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      following treatment with auranofin.
AB  - Gold salts in vitro modulate lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens and antigens
      and macrophage phagocytosis. These effects are not confined to gold salts; D
      penicillamine and chloroquine as well as some of the non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have in vivo immunoregulatory effects. Peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells during treatment with Myocrisin (gold sodium thiomalate,
      GSTM) show changes that differ from in vitro effects and are related to
      therapeutic response rather than GSTM administration. This discrepancy between in
      vitro and ex vivo responses prompted us to measure cellular functions during
      auranofin therapy. Twenty-nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis took part in a
      placebo-controlled trial of auranofin. We examined the spontaneous immunoglobulin
      (IgG and IgM) and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF) production by cultured
      mononuclear cells, lymphocyte transformation to concanavalin A and macrophage
      phagocytosis of Candida albicans. There was a significant fall in IgG synthesis
      (p less than 0.005) and IgM RF synthesis (p less than 0.005) over the first 4
      months of treatment, whereas in the control group there were no significant
      changes. There was no significant change in IgM production. In the auranofin
      treated group the lymphocyte response to concanavalin A fell progressively during
      6 months of therapy (at 2 months p less than 0.05, at 4 months p less than 0.01,
      and at 6 months p less than 0.005). Auranofin therapy had variable effects on
      monocyte phagocytosis of C. albicans. Therefore, in contrast to GSTM, auranofin
      suppressed both in vitro and ex vivo lymphocyte functions. This effect is
      probably related to the direct effect of auranofin on lymphocyte membranes.

PMID- 6432411
TI  - An European open multicentre trial with auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In 8 European countries a multicentre trial was started in 672 patients with RA.
      The safety and efficacy of Auranofin (oral gold), was evaluated. There seems to
      be no difference in response to treatment between patients treated with Auranofin
      3 mg twice daily or 6 mg once daily. From the fourth month of treatment there is
      a statistically difference in improvements for following parameters : activity
      index of Chalkins, articular index of Lansbury, ESR, pain, morning stiffness,
      grip strength, number of swollen joints and number of tender joints. These data
      suggest that Auranofin can be considered as a valuable disease modifying
      antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in RA and that early onset of therapy can be advised.
      In most cases the treatment is well tolerated.

PMID- 6432412
TI  - Auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate, and placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis. Cooperative systematic studies of rheumatic diseases.
AB  - Two hundred eight patients were studied in a prospective, controlled, double
      blind multicenter trial comparing auranofin (AUR), gold sodium thiomalate (GST),
      and placebo. One hundred sixty-one patients completed at least 20 weeks of
      therapy. Response to a variety of measures of efficacy was generally modest for
      both gold treatment groups although improvement was continuing in both groups at
      the end of the study. There was statistically significant improvement with both
      gold preparations compared to placebo for the number of tender joints, the joint
      tenderness score, and physician assessment of disease severity. GST was also
      significantly better than placebo for the joint swelling score. GST demonstrated
      more improvement in patients with anemia and thrombocytosis compared to the other
      treatment groups and both gold preparations were superior to placebo in
      improvement of an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Twenty-seven percent
      of patients on GST were withdrawn from the study for adverse drug reaction with
      rash and stomatitis being the predominant cause. Only 6% of patients on AUR were
      withdrawn for untoward drug effect. The time of onset of the adverse reactions is
      discussed. The two gold preparations were similar in efficacy although AUR was
      better tolerated.

PMID- 6432413
TI  - Progress in the characterization of gold drugs.
AB  - As used clinically, Myocrisin appears to contain largely polymeric (Autm)n, in
      which thiomalate (tm) sulphurs bridge between Au(I) ions, together with small
      amounts of a more reactive gold-bound thiomalate, and free thiomalate, as well as
      glycerol, unidentified yellow-products from autoclaving and phenylmercury
      adducts. Solganal usually contains thioglucose sulphinic acid as an impurity.
      Auranofin, on the other hand, has been crystallised. It is monomeric and Au(I) is
      almost linearly coordinated by P and S from triethylphosphine and tetraacetyl
      beta-D-thioglucose, the latter adopting the chair conformation in the solid state
      and in solution. The major reaction of auranofin in acidic aqueous solutions
      appears to be hydrolysis of the sugar acetyl groups but other products arise if
      methanol is also present in the medium. NMR methods are used to examine in vitro
      the partition of auranofin between plasma and blood cells. The displacement of
      the thioglucose ligand and release of PEt3 from gold as OPEt3 are discussed.

PMID- 6432414
TI  - Comparison of auranofin and aurothioglucose in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis: a single blind study.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a single blind trial
      comparing aurothioglucose and auranofin. The duration of the study was 52 weeks.
      Twenty-six patients, 13 in each treatment group, dropped out during the first
      year of treatment. The main reason for discontinuing treatment with
      aurothioglucose was adverse reactions and, in the auranofin group, lack of
      efficacy. In those patients who continued therapy the results of treatment were
      comparable; patients on aurothioglucose improved slightly more than auranofin
      treated patients, although the difference was not statistically significant.

PMID- 6432415
TI  - A single-blind comparative study of auranofin and hydroxychloroquine in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly allocated to treatment
      with auranofin 3 mg b.d. or hydroxychloroquine 200 mg b.d. Twenty patients
      received each drug. Efficacy was analysed by comparing patients with available
      data at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48 with baseline within each treatment group, and
      between treatment groups at each of these same time points. There were
      statistically significant improvements in all measured parameters of clinical
      efficacy among hydroxychloroquine treated patients, and in all efficacy
      parameters except one (time to onset of fatigue) in the auranofin treatment
      group. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups for any
      parameter of clinical efficacy. Of the laboratory parameters measured, only
      auranofin treatment produced statistically significant decreases in the
      concentration of IgA, IgG and IgM, with significant differences between
      treatments being detected in the case of IgA and IgG. Eight auranofin-treated and
      three hydroxychloroquine-treated patients were withdrawn because of adverse
      reactions before completing 48 weeks treatment. The commonest reason for stopping
      auranofin treatment was diarrhoea (5 cases). Three hydroxychloroquine-treated and
      two auranofin-treated patients were withdrawn from the study because of
      inefficacy of the trial drug. Auranofin had a more 'potent' biochemical profile
      than hydroxychloroquine, although more patients tolerated one year of treatment
      with the latter drug.

PMID- 6432416
TI  - Longterm experience with oral gold in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic
      arthritis.
AB  - Oral gold (auranofin) has been used in 31 patients, 20 with active rheumatoid
      arthritis and 11 with active psoriatic arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis the
      oral gold treatment was compared to parenteral gold treatment in a patient blind
      trial for two years. The psoriatic arthritis cases were incorporated in an open
      trial. Auranofin 6 mg once daily reduced significantly the activity in rheumatoid
      arthritis and in psoriatic arthritis. The beneficial effect obtained with
      auranofin at a dose of 6 mg/day during the first year of treatment could not be
      maintained by 3 mg/day in the second year. Auranofin compared to parenteral gold
      had a distinct advantage of better systemic tolerability, although parenteral
      gold was found to be more potent. There was no greater risk for toxic skin
      reaction to oral gold in psoriatic arthritis than in rheumatoid arthritis. The
      overall conclusion of this longterm study is that oral gold (auranofin) 6 mg once
      daily, although slightly less effective than parenteral gold, can be considered
      to be the first choice of gold treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic
      arthritis, because the compliance, which is a reflection of a combination of
      tolerance and efficacy, for oral gold therapy was, in our hands, undoubtedly
      superior to parenteral gold.

PMID- 6432417
TI  - Auranofin and D-penicillamine: a one year comparative study of safety and
      efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed by a two year open
      assessment of auranofin.
AB  - Forty-six patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis participated
      in a prospective clinical trial comparing auranofin 6 mg/day (26 patients) with D
      penicillamine 500 mg/day (20 patients) during one year. NSAIDs were also given
      throughout the study period. After the first year, patients receiving auranofin
      with a satisfactory response continued for a further two years with a reduced
      dose of 3 mg/day. However the 6 mg dose could be reinstituted in patients showing
      deterioration after dose reduction. This paper only discusses the long-term
      treatment with auranofin. Seven out of 26 patients did not complete the one year
      treatment period; three because they did not return to follow-up, one because of
      inefficacy, and 3 because of untoward events. During the second year 5 more
      patients discontinued treatment, one because he was lost to follow-up, two
      because of inefficacy, one because of untoward events and another one because of
      a surgical procedure of the left knee. Two more patients discontinued auranofin
      treatment during the third year, one because of a flare up of his disease
      activity, and one because of a rash. Statistically significant improvements in
      the number of tender joints, activity and articular indices, duration of morning
      stiffness, pain score and ESR were observed at each time analysed. Statistically
      significant reductions in the number of swollen joints were seen throughout the
      first two years of treatment. Increases in grip strength were statistically
      significant at 6, 24 and 30 months. A statistically significant reduction was
      seen after 6 months of treatment in serum IgA and IgM concentrations.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432418
TI  - Oral gold: a comparison with placebo and with intramuscular sodium
      aurothiomalate.
AB  - The therapeutic and toxic effects of the orally absorbed gold compound auranofin
      have been compared with placebo and parenterally administered sodium
      aurothiomalate (GST) in 90 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis over one
      year. At the end of this period 57% of patients on auranofin, 73% on GST and 0%
      on placebo remained on therapy. Toxicity caused discontinuation of therapy in 10%
      of patients on auranofin, 20% on GST and 7% on placebo. Lack of response to
      therapy led to withdrawal of 20% on auranofin, 0% on GST and 90% on placebo.
      Multiple clinical and biochemical assessments were performed during this study.
      Analysing them separately, and in the case of 6 of them grouped together in a
      disease activity index, the same trend is apparent throughout, namely that
      placebo has no effect on active inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis, and that both
      gold drugs are beneficial. GST has an earlier effect and tends to produce a
      greater change but after one year there was no significant difference between the
      2 gold drugs for any parameter assessed. Gold levels in plasma or erythrocytes
      did not predict or correlate with either the development of toxicity or clinical
      efficacy. This study has demonstrated the second-line potential of auranofin
      which seems to be effective at gold concentrations in the blood below those
      observed with GST therapy. Toxicity limits the use of gold salts in RA. If the
      reduced incidence of adverse reaction with auranofin observed in this study is
      substantiated in larger numbers over prolonged periods, the use of gold at an
      earlier stage of disease may be facilitated.

PMID- 6432419
TI  - The effects of auranofin and parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis: an X-ray analysis.
AB  - X-rays from patients in comparative studies of auranofin and parenteral gold were
      obtained before and during treatment, and analysed using a modification of the
      method of Larsen. One hundred and nineteen auranofin-treated and 113 parenteral
      gold-treated patients contributed data, which were analysed for changes from 0-6
      months, 0-12 months and from 0-6 and 12 months. Progression of erosive processes
      and of joint grade occurred with both treatments, but the proportion of patients
      with progression in the first six months was greater with auranofin treatment.
      However, there was evidence that both treatments produced slowing of the erosive
      process during the second six months of treatment.

PMID- 6432420
TI  - Third-generation cephalosporins: a critical evaluation.
AB  - Six third-generation cephalosporins--cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone,
      ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefmenoxime--are reviewed; covered are chemistry
      and structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, spectra of activity,
      pharmacokinetics, clinical utility, adverse effects, and cost effectiveness. The
      third-generation cephalosporins have a similar mechanism of action to that of
      other beta-lactam antibiotics. None of the agents is particularly active against
      certain gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus; the drugs are effective against gonococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and
      Neisseria meningitidis. Several common gram-negative pathogens are susceptible to
      the third-generation cephalosporins, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella,
      Citrobacter diversus, Proteus, and Morganella. About 50% of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa isolates are susceptible. Only moxalactam has good activity against
      Bacteriodes fragilis. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the six agents reveal some
      important differences. The half-life of ceftriaxone allows once-daily dosing in
      many patients; the half-lives of ceftizoxime and cefoperazone permit dosing every
      8-12 hours. Cefoperazone and ceftriaxone are highly protein bound, but the
      clinical relevance of this is unknown. Generally, the agents penetrate most body
      tissues and fluids well. Moxalactam and cefotaxime and possibly ceftriaxone
      effectively penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid well. The third-generation
      cephalosporins have become the accepted drugs of choice for the treatment of
      adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis; as more experience is gained, they are
      likely to become the drugs of first choice for neonatal (with ampicillin) and
      childhood (except for moxalactam) meningitis. Serious infections of
      Enterobacteriaceae can be treated with these agents, thereby avoiding use of the
      aminoglycosides. Moxalactam is comparable with combination therapy in treating
      intra-abdominal infections. Adverse effects associated with use of the third
      generation cephalosporins are generally similar to those that occur with other
      beta-lactam antibiotics with the exception of coagulopathies and the disulfiram
      reaction seen with moxalactam and cefoperazone. Despite the relatively high cost
      of the third-generation cephalosporins, they are often cost effective because of
      their reduced dosing frequencies, broad spectra of activity, and effectiveness in
      serious infections for which more toxic antibiotics have been required in the
      past.

PMID- 6432422
TI  - Observations during L-carnitine infusion in two long-term critically ill
      patients.

PMID- 6432421
TI  - Accuracy of two-hour urine urea nitrogen determinations in critically ill
      patients.
AB  - The accuracy of two-hour versus 24-hour urine urea nitrogen (UUN) determinations
      in critically ill patients was compared. A 24-hour urine collection for UUN
      determinations was obtained each day for five days in 20 patients who had been
      receiving parenteral nutrition at a constant rate for at least 36 hours. For each
      patient, the UUN value obtained from a two-hour sample was projected using the
      actual 24-hour urine output to determine an estimated daily UUN excretion.
      Creatinine clearance determinations were performed to evaluate the effects of
      impaired renal function on the correlation of two-hour and 24-hour UUN excretion.
      A significant correlation (r = 0.889) was found between the two-hour and 24-hour
      UUN excretions. However, in three patients with creatinine clearances less than
      30 ml/min and two patients with gram-negative sepsis, correlations between two
      hour and 24-hour UUN excretion were poor. Total urine volumes in the 20 patients
      varied considerably but did not affect the correlation between UUN
      determinations. A two-hour UUN determination may be a valuable tool for
      monitoring the nutritional status of critically ill patients. The rate of
      intravenous nutrition must be kept constant, however, to minimize diurnal
      variations in nitrogen excretion. Conditions such a shock, sepsis, or acute renal
      failure may limit the use of a shorter urine collection period for urea nitrogen
      determination.

PMID- 6432423
TI  - Dental care expenditures in the Netherlands and the USA: a design for historical
      and international comparison.
AB  - Policymakers face the problem that virtually no standards are available to judge
      whether the amount of dental care provided is satisfactory or to weight the
      interests of dental care against other health and economic interests. It is
      suggested that international comparison of a number of standardized indicators
      and analyses of their development over time constitutes a practical approach to
      the partial solution of these problems. A specific set of basic data and seven
      indicators are suggested. Of the indicators, two serve as measures for the total
      volume of dental care available to the individual, two could help to assess the
      productivity of dental care workers, and three are intended to put the
      expenditures for dental care in the perspective of health care expenditures in
      general and the national economy at large. The practicality of the approach is
      subsequently demonstrated by the comparison of the basic data and the indicators
      for the Netherlands and the USA over the period 1972 through 1979.

PMID- 6432424
TI  - The development of a program classification of health services for the South
      Australian Health Commission--reflections on the first three years.

PMID- 6432425
TI  - Novel purification of carbonic anhydrase III from human, rat and baboon muscle.
AB  - A new method of inhibitor elution from DEAE cellulose is described for carbonic
      anhydrase III. Highly purified fractions free of other isozymes were obtained
      after one column elution.

PMID- 6432426
TI  - Oxygen binding and acid base status of the blood from the freshwater turtle,
      Phrynops hilarii.
AB  - Oxygenation studies with the whole blood of Phrynops hilarii show a P50 of 38
      torr at extracellular pH (pHe) of 7.4 which corresponds to an intracellular pH
      (pHi) of 7.05 at 25 degrees C. The blood CO2 Bohr effect was -0.56 when related
      to pHi. pHi is related to pHe by the following equation: pHi = 0.75.pHe + 1.54 (r
      = 0.99); pHi = 0.72. pHe + 1.72 (r = 0.96) at 10 and 25 degrees C respectively.
      Blood pHe, for 25 degrees C, was 7.519 +/- 0.254 (n = 6). Blood gas partial
      pressures were: pCO2 = 25.8 +/- 3.8 torr (n = 6); pO2 = 61.7 +/- 21.2 torr (n =
      6). The major red cell phosphates, in mmole/l erythrocytes, n = 6, were: ATP
      (3.66 +/- 0.86); GTP (0.53 +/- 0.28); 2.3-DPG (0.32 +/- 0.12) and inorganic
      phosphates (2.00 +/- 0.35). The plasma inorganic ion composition, n = 6, was, in
      mEq/l: K+ (3.04 +/- 0.40); Na+ (148.4 +/- 12.6); Ca2+ (4.75 +/- 1.32); Cl- (106.6
      +/- 5.0). Additional blood parameters of interest (n = 6) were: lactate (2.07 +/-
      1.72 mM in plasma); erythrocytes/mm3 (416 X 10(3) +/- 4.6 X 10(3));
      leucocytes/mm3 (44636 +/- 2618); haematocrit (%) (14.5 +/- 3.6); haemoglobin,
      g/dl (3.2 +/- 0.5); plasma protein g/dl (4.4 +/- 0.4); osmolarity (293 +/- 10
      mOsm/l). The non-bicarbonate buffer value was -22.6 mmol/kg H2O/pH. For a
      constant CO2 content, delta pHe/delta t = 0.0141 +/- 0.002 (n = 18) and delta
      pHi/delta t = 0.0157 +/- 0.003 (n = 18).

PMID- 6432427
TI  - A comparison of mitochondrial respiration and membrane lipid composition in the
      rat and marmoset following dietary lipid supplementation.
AB  - Rats and marmosets were fed different lipid supplemented diets and the
      phospholipid fatty acid composition and the respiration rate of liver and heart
      mitochondria were determined. For both species, diets of differing lipid
      saturation had little effect on the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids
      in the mitochondrial membranes, however the omega 6/omega 3 unsaturated fatty
      acid ratio was significantly altered by diets of different lipid saturation. In
      comparison to animals fed low fat diets, mitochondrial respiration in the
      marmoset was reduced by high fat diets irrespective of the dietary level of lipid
      saturation. This effect of high fat diets on mitochondrial respiration was not
      observed for the rat.

PMID- 6432428
TI  - The current status of fissure sealants and priorities for future research. Part
      II.

PMID- 6432429
TI  - Neutrophil degranulation.

PMID- 6432430
TI  - Exocytosis by neutrophils.

PMID- 6432431
TI  - Results of establishing medical guidelines for selecting oral contraceptive types
      in family planning agencies.
AB  - Family planning agencies are attempting to increase their efficiency and cost
      effectiveness in delivering services, as federal funding is diminishing. We have
      examined the effects of establishing guidelines in a family planning agency,
      outlining the types of OCs to be routinely prescribed. We found that substantial
      savings in purchase costs were achieved, in addition to simplified inventory and
      distribution. These savings were accomplished with no perceptible change in
      patients' satisfaction. The equivalence of modern OCs in safety and effectiveness
      allows the creation of guidelines which are medically sound.

PMID- 6432432
TI  - A study of interaction between levonorgestrel and ethanol.
AB  - Female Wistar rats were pair-fed a diet containing either ethanol (5%) or
      isocaloric carbohydrate substituent. After 6 weeks, a single dose (5
      micrograms/kg) of levonorgestrel was given to the animals in each group either
      orally, subcutaneously or intravenously. Plasma levels of levonorgestrel at
      different time intervals were measured by RIA. Chronic alcohol administration did
      not affect plasma levels of levonorgestrel after oral administration. When the
      drug was given subcutaneously, plasma levels and AUC were significantly decreased
      in the alcoholic compared to control group. Following intravenous administration,
      the elimination half-life of levonorgestrel was shorter while the metabolic
      clearance was higher in the alcohol-treated group rather than the control group.

PMID- 6432433
TI  - Comparative effects of intrauterine instillation of analogues of quinacrine and
      tetracycline on uterine morphology in the rat.
AB  - Currently, intrauterine instillation of quinacrine hydrochloride is used to
      induce closure of the uterotubal junction in women, thus constituting a chemical
      method of sterilization. Questions regarding the safety of this drug have been
      raised. The purpose of the present study is to screen other drugs for their
      sterilizing potential by comparing quinacrine-induced changes in uterine
      morphology in the rat which have previously been correlated with decreased
      fertility with the changes induced by other drugs. The drugs tested include
      quinacrine-like compounds, namely chloroquine, primaquine and trimethoprim; and
      tetracycline and its analogues which are known sclerosing agents. The quinacrine
      like drugs were relatively ineffective in producing uterine lesions similar to
      those of quinacrine, but like quinacrine, chloroquine and primaquine showed some
      toxicity. Tetracycline and its analogues produced quinacrine-like morphologic
      changes in the rat uterus and showed no toxicity for the doses tested. These
      results prompt further testing of tetracycline and its analogues as sterilizing
      agents.

PMID- 6432434
TI  - Effect of intrauterine administration of tetracyclines on cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - Cynomolgus monkeys were used to screen for chemicals which potentially could be
      used as tubal occluding agents. Intrauterine administrations of solution or
      pellets of tetracycline and its analogues (100 mg doses) were tested for their
      effects on morphologic changes in the reproductive tract of monkeys. These
      effects were compared to monkeys receiving intrauterine administration of
      quinacrine pellets (36 mg) since quinacrine has been used successfully in the
      clinical setting. Blood levels of drugs, blood chemistry and hematology
      determinations and liver and kidney pathology data were also obtained as indices
      for toxicity. Morphologic damage to the uterine lining and intramural section of
      the tube (including necrosis, inflammation or scarring) was elicited by
      intrauterine tetracycline and doxycycline in the same frequency and severity as
      quinacrine. In contrast, saline or sham control monkeys showed no morphological
      damage of the tube or uterus. Although all drugs could be detected in the blood 4
      hours after intrauterine administration, levels were near or below the limit of
      detection by one week. No evidence was found for toxicity of tetracycline or its
      analogues for the dosage given. Because of these results and the extensive
      literature on tetracycline toxicity, further studies should be directed toward
      the use of tetracycline as a sterilizing agent in women.

PMID- 6432435
TI  - Multiple apparent Sarcocystis abortion in four bovine herds.
AB  - Foetuses recovered from multiple abortions in four dairy herds had multifocal
      nonsuppurative encephalitis, myocarditis and hepatitis. Focal placentitis was
      usually present. Sarcocystis-like protozoa were found in the brains of foetuses
      from two of the outbreaks. Apart from excess salivation in a few cows in one
      herd, farmers reported no clinical abnormalities prior to the abortions, and all
      cows remained normal after the abortions. Dogs and cats fed an affected foetus
      and neonatal calves from the affected herds failed to excrete protozoa in their
      faeces. The identity of the protozoa in the foetal brain was not confirmed.

PMID- 6432436
TI  - Mechanisms affecting gas transport during high-frequency oscillation.
AB  - Traditional concepts of gas transport in the lung cannot explain the adequate
      alveolar ventilation observed during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) with tidal
      volumes (VT) less than the anatomic dead space (VD). Different physical
      mechanisms enhance and limit gas exchange during HFV. Mechanisms enhancing
      transport include: diffusion, the spontaneous intermingling of the molecules of 2
      gases due to Brownian motion; convective mechanisms which depend on bulk flow,
      such as direct alveolar ventilation, pendelluft, and streaming; and the combined
      effects of convection and diffusion, often termed augmented transport. Equations
      describing some of these mechanisms have been incorporated into theorectical
      models of gas transport which predict that the efficiency of HFV is proportional
      to faVTb, where f is frequency and b is greater than a. These predictions
      generally agree with experimental results obtained in healthy animals and humans.
      However, experimental results in subjects with lung disease show that, at a fixed
      VT, gas transport efficiency plateaus as f increases. One explanation for this
      plateau is that in subjects with increased peripheral airway resistance, the
      upper airways act as a shunt compliance, absorbing a fraction of the delivered
      VT. Experimental results to date have not confirmed or refuted any specific
      theory, but it seems likely that gas mixing during HFV is enhanced by a number of
      the mechanisms mentioned above and that the mechanical properties of the lungs
      might limit gas transport, especially in patients with peripheral airway
      obstruction.

PMID- 6432437
TI  - Airway pressure as a measure of gas exchange during high-frequency jet
      ventilation.
AB  - Airway pressure during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) reflects safety,
      ventilator performance, and gas exchange. The value of airway pressure as a
      monitoring and control variable for predicting the effectiveness of gas exchange
      was examined in 2 studies using healthy dogs. In the first study, HFJV was
      delivered to the airway via an extra lumen in the wall of an endotracheal tube,
      at a frequency of 150 cycle/min and 30% inspiratory time. Airway pressures (peak,
      mean, trough) were measured at various locations, from 5 cm below to 30 cm above
      the jet port. Pressures measured above the jet were misleading, but the proper
      measurement distance below the jet remains uncertain. The second study used the
      same ventilator settings but varied the airway pressure difference between peak
      and end-expiratory pressures (2, 4, or 6 cm H2O), and either the mean airway
      pressure (6 or 10 cm H2O) or the positive end-expiratory pressure (0, 5, 10, or
      15 cm H2O). The airway pressure difference correlated strongly with efficiency of
      gas exchange for both CO2 elimination and oxygenation. Mean and end-expiratory
      pressures showed little influence over moderate ranges, but use of 15 cm H2O of
      PEEP decreased efficiency of both CO2 elimination and oxygenation, presumably due
      to increased dead space because of lung overdistension. We conclude that the
      airway pressure difference, measured as far distal in the airway as is safe and
      practical, can be useful for monitoring and controlling HFJV.

PMID- 6432438
TI  - Comparison of high-frequency jet ventilation with conventional mechanical
      ventilation in saline-lavaged rabbits.
AB  - A surfactant-depletion lung-injury model was produced in 37 New Zealand white
      rabbits by saline lavage. During the next 2 to 3 h, rabbits were ventilated with
      conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV, group 1), high-frequency jet
      ventilation (HFJV, group 2), or CMV for 1 h followed by HFJV for 2 h (CMV/HFJV,
      group 3). Survival until planned termination of the protocol was 56%, 77%, and
      63% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Causes of early demise were usually
      pneumothorax or metabolic acidosis. There were no statistically significant
      differences among the groups with respect to survival, incidence of pneumothorax
      or metabolic acidosis. Arterial oxygenation was more efficient with HFJV (group
      2) (P[A-a]O2 = 372 +/- 51 torr [mean +/- SE] at 2 h) than with CMV (group 1) (P[A
      a]O2 = 512 +/- 18 torr at 2 h, p less than .01). Furthermore, oxygen gas exchange
      in 3 of 5 group 3 rabbits improved after institution of HFJV. In contrast to
      previous findings with high-frequency oscillation (HFO), there were no
      qualitative histologic differences between lungs ventilated with HFJV vs. CMV.
      Thus, although HFJV produced more efficient gas exchange in this model, it did
      not improve pulmonary pathology. HFO may be preferable to HFJV in infant
      respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6432439
TI  - Gas exchange during conventional and high-frequency pulse ventilation in the
      surfactant-deficient lung: influence of positive end-expiratory pressure.
AB  - High-frequency pulse ventilation (HFPV) was compared to conventional ventilation
      (CV) in a model of severe respiratory failure induced by serial lung lavages with
      warm saline in 8 mongrel dogs. Before the lavage, during HFPV at 4 Hz with a
      pulse volume (PV) of 125 ml, mean PaO2 was 107 torr and mean PaCO2 was 34 torr.
      After the last lavage, during CV at an inspired oxygen fraction FIO2 of 1.0 and a
      tidal volume (VT) of 535 ml, the PaO2 averaged 60 torr and PaCO2 was 45 torr. At
      an FIO2 of 0.21, 20 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was applied
      to prevent hypoxemia. The resulting PaO2 was 87 torr; PaCO2 was 40 torr. Peak
      airway pressure (Ppa) rose from 21 to 51 cm H2O. When ventilation was switched to
      HFPV on room air, a PV similar to the control levels was associated with severe
      hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 45 torr, PaCO2 greater than 50 torr). As PV was
      increased PaO2 improved, reaching 113 torr at a PV of about 470 ml. The
      corresponding mean airway pressure (Paw) was about 20 cm H2O. Thus, application
      of PEEP during HFPV at low PV did not improve PaO2 even when measured Paw
      approximated 20 cm H2O. This suggests that HFPV with high PV is more effective
      than either CV with PEEP, or HFPV with low PV and PEEP.

PMID- 6432440
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation in weaning the ventilator-dependent patient.
AB  - Nine ventilator-dependent patients were successfully weaned from mechanical
      ventilatory support by high-frequency jet ventilation. All patients had been on
      ventilatory support for at least 2 wk, and had not responded to attempts at
      weaning by intermittent mandatory ventilation.

PMID- 6432441
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation and tracheobronchial suctioning.
AB  - Oxygenation and ventilation were assessed in 15 postoperative patients before,
      immediately after, and 3 min after 15 sec of tracheobronchial suctioning in the
      presence or in the absence of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). When HFJV
      was continued during suctioning, the mean PaO2 decrease was only 15 +/- 9 torr,
      compared to a 90 +/- 16 torr decrease when HFJV was discontinued. This difference
      demonstrates that continuation of HFJV during tracheobronchial suctioning
      prevents a decrease in PaO2.

PMID- 6432442
TI  - Intraoperative application of high-frequency ventilation.
AB  - High-frequency pulsation (HFP), a modified high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV)
      technique, was applied intraoperatively as an alternative to conventional inter
      mittent positive-pressure ventilation in 16 patients undergoing major thoracic
      operations. Gas exchange and hemodynamic stability were maintained at a frequency
      of 300 cycle/min. Surgical maneuvers were easier because the lungs were almost
      completely immobilized.

PMID- 6432443
TI  - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation with the MA-1 ventilator.
AB  - A conventional, low-frequency ventilator was modified to ventilate dogs at high
      frequencies of 85 to 185 cycle/min while cardiovascular and pulmonary variables
      were monitored. Although gas transport was adequate, cardiac output was
      diminished when compared to low-frequency ventilation. The addition of an in-line
      pneumotachograph markedly increased PaCO2 during high-frequency ventilation.
      Carbon dioxide transport was primarily dependent upon the magnitude of the tidal
      volume at all high frequencies tested.

PMID- 6432444
TI  - Humidification and airway pressures during high-frequency jet ventilation
      delivered through the suction-biopsy channel of a flexible bronchofiberscope.
AB  - The suction-biopsy channel (SBC) of a flexible bronchofiberscope was used to
      deliver gas into the trachea during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at a
      rate of 95 cycle/min and a tidal volume (VT) of 95 ml. A Portex epidural catheter
      inserted into the SBC was used to entrain water for humidification by the
      injector principle. Inspired humidity (IH) was regulated by adjusting the
      distance (D) between the injector and jet portals. Airway pressures, pulmonary
      gas exchange and IH levels were measured in 11 dogs. In addition, tracheal
      cytology scores (TCS, a sensitive index of tracheal epithelial damage caused by
      breathing dry gases) were assessed in 12 patients. The system maintained adequate
      pulmonary gas exchange in both dogs and humans. In dogs the mean tracheal
      pressure was 2.8 +/- 0.5 (SD) torr with a peak pressure of 3.8 +/- 0.5 torr. The
      upper-airway pressure was subatmospheric (-2 +/- 0.2 torr) during the first half
      of jet inspiration, but peaked synchronously with tracheal pressures during the
      second half. Both the upper airway and the trachea had a positive end-expiratory
      pressure (PEEP) of 1.8 +/- 0.2 torr. When D was 0.3 cm, the system delivered gas
      with an IH of 44 mg H2O/L (almost saturated at 37 degrees C). Human TCS did not
      change significantly after 2 h of humidified HFJV, suggesting efficient
      humidification.

PMID- 6432445
TI  - Measuring gas leakage from bronchopleural fistulas during high-frequency jet
      ventilation.
AB  - A simple volumetric system can be used to measure leakage from bronchopleural
      fistulas even when inspiratory volumes are unknown or when constant suction is
      required.

PMID- 6432446
TI  - Application of acrylamide as an embedding medium in studies of lectin and
      antibody binding in the vertebrate retina.
AB  - The use of acrylamide as an embedding medium for vertebrate retinal tissue and
      its applicability to lectin and antibody-based cytochemical studies is described.
      The acrylamide technique has numerous advantages over those using fresh-frozen or
      paraffin embedded material. The morphological integrity of retinal tissue
      prepared in acrylamide is equivalent to that obtainable with paraffin and
      superior to that of fresh-frozen material. In addition, this technique alleviates
      problems often encountered with the thermal and chemical treatments required in
      the paraffin method. The acrylamide technique allows the localization of lectin
      and antibody-binding sites essentially unaltered by the fixation and embedding
      protocol, as in frozen sections, while maintaining tissue morphology similar to
      that of paraffin-embedded tissue. It is hoped that this approach will be useful
      to other workers in vision research employing lectin, antibody or other
      cytochemical approaches to the study of cellular structure and function.

PMID- 6432447
TI  - Lasers in surgery.

PMID- 6432448
TI  - Scleral discoloration associated with long-term prednisone administration.
AB  - A case of scleral thinning and discoloration associated with long-term prednisone
      administration to a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus is reported. Other
      medications which can cause this discoloration were not found in the history. The
      clinician should be aware of this complication.

PMID- 6432449
TI  - [Dental unit chairs--a discussion].

PMID- 6432450
TI  - [New composite resin restoration system--Palfique].

PMID- 6432451
TI  - [New composite resin bonding system--Miradapt].

PMID- 6432452
TI  - [Soft lasers in dentistry].

PMID- 6432453
TI  - [Analysis of non-precious alloys for porcelain bonding and crown bridges].

PMID- 6432454
TI  - [Restoration without forming air bubbles with visible light curing type resins].

PMID- 6432455
TI  - Physiologic aspects of human heart-lung transplantation. Pulmonary function
      status of the post-transplanted lung.
AB  - Pulmonary function measurements were performed before and after heart-lung
      transplantation in nine patients who had undergone surgery for end-stage
      pulmonary hypertension. In seven of them, sequential follow-up studies were
      performed at variable times postoperatively with the longest period 27 months.
      Pre-transplant studies showed a mild restrictive defect in 33 percent and
      obstructive disease in 50 percent of the patients, respectively. Arterial
      hypoxemia was present in all patients. The degree of mechanical changes found did
      not appear severe enough to account for the marked dyspnea and disability
      characterizing this group of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Following
      transplantation, all patients showed striking improvement of symptoms and general
      physical status. In the early post-transplant period, there was a marked decrease
      in most lung volumes resulting in a moderately severe restrictive ventilatory
      defect. Flow parameters that were reduced could be related to decreased volumes
      and not to intrinsic airway obstruction. Arterial O2 tensions improved
      dramatically and gas exchange was maintained at essentially normal levels. Lung
      function tended to improve progressively following transplantation with the
      passage of time. Heart-lung transplant is consistent with an adequate long-term
      pulmonary functional state which has the capacity to sustain the normal
      activities of daily living. From the standpoint of lung function, heart-lung
      transplantation appears to be acceptable as a form of therapy in selected
      patients.

PMID- 6432456
TI  - Pulmonary edema following relief of upper airway obstruction.
AB  - In six pediatric patients, pulmonary edema (PE) appeared on chest x-ray film
      following intubation for upper airway obstruction (UAO). In spite of the x-ray
      appearance of PE, there was generally no concomitant physiologic or clinical
      decline. Only one of the patients required positive airway pressure following
      intubation. We conclude that PE on chest x-ray film following intubation for UAO
      is not uncommon, and may not be a harbinger of clinical and/or physiologic
      deterioration.

PMID- 6432457
TI  - False-positive cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - During a single week in April 1982, cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were
      reported positive from nine patients who did not appear clinically to have active
      infection. Each of the patients had only one positive culture out of multiple
      specimens cultured. At the time of investigation, five specimens were available
      and were found to be all of the same phage type which strongly suggested cross
      contamination. Four patients received antituberculosis chemotherapy. In one year
      of follow-up of the five who did not receive chemotherapy, none developed
      clinical disease. The contamination was probably due to faulty laboratory
      technique, but the source of the contaminant is uncertain. This investigation
      suggests that patients without clinical evidence of active infection and with
      isolated positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be carefully
      evaluated before they are subjected to a prolonged, potentially toxic, and
      expensive course of chemotherapy.

PMID- 6432458
TI  - Kappa light-chain myeloma with pleural involvement.
AB  - A case of kappa light-chain myeloma with pleural involvement is reported. The
      diagnosis was made by pleural biopsy, pleural fluid cytology, and urine
      immunoelectrophoresis. A review of the literature on pleural involvement in
      multiple myeloma revealed that this is the first reported case in patients with
      light-chain myeloma.

PMID- 6432459
TI  - Toxic oil syndrome. Some considerations in pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6432460
TI  - Clinical study of atrial wave in impedance cardiogram.

PMID- 6432461
TI  - Os calcis fracture treated by percutaneous poking reduction and internal
      fixation.

PMID- 6432462
TI  - Experimental rickets. Roentgenographic, pathologic and microangiographic
      observations on bone.

PMID- 6432463
TI  - Estimation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 6432464
TI  - Cochlear gentamicin ototoxicity.

PMID- 6432465
TI  - Cryosurgery in 80 cases of tongue carcinoma.

PMID- 6432466
TI  - Changes in cholelithiasis in Tianjin in the past 30 years.

PMID- 6432467
TI  - A case report of macrotia.

PMID- 6432468
TI  - Serum C1q assay in infectious hepatitis.

PMID- 6432469
TI  - Neonatal congenital cardiovascular anomalies. Analysis of 66 autopsy cases.

PMID- 6432470
TI  - Value and limitations of sinus node function test by atrial pacing in sick sinus
      syndrome diagnosis.

PMID- 6432471
TI  - Persistent migration of Ancylostoma duodenale larvae in human infection.

PMID- 6432472
TI  - Continuous in vitro cultivation of erythrocytic Plasmodium cynomolgi.

PMID- 6432473
TI  - Congenital cataract.

PMID- 6432474
TI  - The rhesus monkey erythrocytes rosette test and its significance in human
      lymphocytic classification.

PMID- 6432475
TI  - Health manpower planning for primary care in Ghana.

PMID- 6432477
TI  - An attempt to infect human body lice, Pediculus humanus var corporis on a mild
      case of murine typhus.

PMID- 6432476
TI  - Variants of von Willebrand's disease. Analysis of 55 cases.

PMID- 6432478
TI  - Clinical value of determination of serum concentration of antiepileptics.

PMID- 6432479
TI  - A reappraisal of the changing proportion of the various types of heart diseases
      in Shanghai and its relationship to serum cholesterol levels.

PMID- 6432480
TI  - Mesocaval shunt in treatment of rebleeding after splenectomy for portal
      hypertension.

PMID- 6432481
TI  - Trench fever. A resume of literature and a note on some obscure phases of the
      disease.

PMID- 6432482
TI  - Menstrual patterns in Chinese women.

PMID- 6432483
TI  - Natural course of septic shock in a canine model. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic
      parameters.

PMID- 6432484
TI  - Long-term observation of total temporal bone resection in carcinoma of the middle
      ear and temporal bone.

PMID- 6432485
TI  - Evidence for the nonpathogenicity of alpha1-antitrypsin variant Etokyo.

PMID- 6432486
TI  - Ascorbic acid inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene induced carcinoma of glandular
      stomach in mice.

PMID- 6432487
TI  - Investigations of some hereditary eye diseases causing blindness.

PMID- 6432488
TI  - [Production of elastase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

PMID- 6432489
TI  - [Radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas].

PMID- 6432490
TI  - [Side effects of different irrigation solutions in orthograde intestinal lavage].
AB  - Irrigants for whole gut irrigation nearly exclusively influence the fluid-,
      electrolyte- and acid-base-balance. Mannitol and sodium sulphate solutions have
      badly been tolerated and left a bowel full of gas and fluid. Mannitol showed only
      small changes in serum electrolytes. Sodium sulphate led to a marked hypocalemia.
      Mannitol plus electrolytes led to a gas-filled bowel. Ringer's lactate showed
      only small changes in serum electrolytes and a good compatibility. None of the
      investigated solutions were better than modified Hewitt's solution, so that we
      are doing our whole gut irrigations with this solution.

PMID- 6432491
TI  - [Changes in blood chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone levels and estradiol in
      midterm labor induced by rivanol].

PMID- 6432493
TI  - [Clinical research on regional cerebral blood flow of ischemic complete stroke].

PMID- 6432492
TI  - Inhibitors of DNA synthesis induce sister chromatid exchanges at the early S
      phase of the cell cycle.
AB  - To investigate the origin of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by
      inhibitors of DNA synthesis, V79/AP4 Chinese hamster cells were treated with
      aphidicolin, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, and thymidine. At the end of the
      treatments we determined both the distribution of the cells in the various phases
      of the cell cycle and the induction of SCEs. Our data indicate that the cells
      that were replicating their DNA were arrested at various stages of the S phase.
      By analyzing the patterns of SCE distribution, we found that the metaphases of
      the treated cells exhibited either "normal" or enhanced levels of SCEs. Our
      results suggest that the inhibitors of DNA synthesis induce SCEs in the cells in
      early S phase probably by activation of potential replicative origins.

PMID- 6432494
TI  - [Recent advance in experimental research of pancreatic islet transplantation].

PMID- 6432495
TI  - [Studies on growth promotion of tubercle bacilli by sodium pyruvate--basic
      experiment and isolation culture].

PMID- 6432496
TI  - [Comparison of the two pretreatment methods and five media in examining tubercle
      bacilli].

PMID- 6432497
TI  - [Effect of baizhi culture media on the growth of tubercle bacilli].

PMID- 6432498
TI  - Effects of very low doses of atropine on basal acid and pepsin secretion,
      gastrin, and heart rate in normals and DU.
AB  - Muscarinic mechanisms in basal acid and pepsin secretion in man were quantitated
      by graded intravenous doses of atropine (1-16 micrograms/kg). Secretion was dose
      responsively inhibited in six healthy controls. For the mean dose response,
      maximum inhibition (Imax) was 100%, and D50 (dose inhibiting 50%) was 0.31 +/-
      0.06 and 0.93 +/- 0.13 micrograms/kg, respectively, for acid and pepsin. In 24
      patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), calculated Imax was also 100%, and D50S were
      1.2 +/- 0.27 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms/kg, respectively. The low D50 values and
      the 100% calculated maximum inhibition indicated that in both groups basal
      secretion was largely or completely cholinergic dependent. We also found that
      atropine raised heart rate in controls by 44 +/- 1 beats per min (bpm) (D50 = 6
      +/- 1.1 micrograms/kg), while the mean maximum increase in DU was only 23 +/- 2
      bpm (P less than 0.01) with (D50 = 5.3 +/- 1.0 micrograms/kg (NS)). In DU
      atropine increased fasting serum gastrin from 62 to 82 pg/ml (P less than 0.05);
      the increase in normals from 32 to 38 pg/ml was not significant. Thus, while both
      normals and DU exhibited the same qualitative responses to muscarinic receptor
      antagonism by atropine with respect to gastric secretion, gastrin levels, and
      heart rate, there were quantitative differences in all three parameters.

PMID- 6432499
TI  - Omeprazole inhibits nocturnal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in
      man.
AB  - The effect of omeprazole on the overnight and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric
      secretion of acid and pepsin have been studied in healthy male volunteers. After
      treatment with omeprazole, 30 mg or 60 mg daily for one week, overnight secretion
      of acid was reduced by 48 and 73%, respectively. During stimulation with
      pentagastrin, a single dose of 40 mg omeprazole reduced acid output by 98%, while
      after 80 mg, secretion of acid and pepsin was completely abolished. Omeprazole is
      one of the most potent gastric secretory inhibitors available at present, with
      potential for use in the therapy of ulcer disease.

PMID- 6432500
TI  - Small intestinal permeability to mannitol, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol 400
      in celiac disease.
AB  - Mannitol (molecular weight 182), lactulose (342), and polyethylene glycol 400
      (range 242-550) absorption was studied in 25 controls, 22 untreated celiacs, and
      13 treated celiacs. Untreated celiacs absorbed less mannitol and more lactulose
      than controls. Absorption of higher as well as lower molecular-weight
      polyethylene glycols was reduced in untreated celiac disease. Absorption returned
      towards normal on treatment. Polyethylene glycol and lactulose absorption was
      enhanced by administering them in a hypertonic solution. Polyethylene glycol 400
      but not lactulose or mannitol was lipid soluble in vitro. It was concluded that
      the mucosa in untreated celiac disease was more "leaky" than normal. Polyethylene
      glycol 400 absorption data suggested that its absorption may largely be
      determined by its lipid solubility and was decreased in celiac disease because of
      the reduced surface area of the small intestine. Polyethylene glycol 400 cannot
      be recommended as a suitable marker for permeability studies of the small
      intestine.

PMID- 6432501
TI  - Acute necrosis of the intestinal mucosa with high serum levels of diamine
      oxidase.
AB  - A patient with acute necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and high serum diamine
      oxidase activity is described. The 71-year-old woman, with a history of
      hypertension and cardiovascular and peripheral arteriosclerotic disease,
      presented with acute epigastric pain, vomiting, and a deteriorating hemodynamic
      condition. Serum level of the intestinal enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) obtained on
      admission, approximately 24 hr after the onset of symptoms, was 7.4 times above
      the normal value. An exploratory laparotomy performed 6 hr later revealed
      cyanosis and areas of transmural necrosis involving the entire small bowel. The
      bowel was not resected because of the extent of lesion. Thirty hours after the
      first sample was taken and 2 hr before death, the serum DAO level was only
      slightly above normal. It is suggested that this biochemical marker could provide
      a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of intestinal ischemia.

PMID- 6432502
TI  - Recurrent ketoacidosis in acquired, total lipodystrophy (lipoatrophic diabetes).
AB  - The absence of ketoacidosis is thought to be characteristic of generalized
      lipoatrophic diabetes. It is widely believed that lipoatrophic diabetic patients
      are able to tolerate starvation and therapeutic insulin withdrawal, due to
      absence of subcutaneous body fat, the substrate essential for ketogenesis. In
      this article, we document nine episodes of acidosis and accelerated ketone body
      formation in a 24-yr-old woman whose deterioration followed episodes of dietary
      excesses without evidence of intercurrent infection or other identifiable forms
      of metabolic stress. Serum C-peptide measurements demonstrated that an absolute
      insulin deficiency did not exist. During short-term, experimental, dietary
      manipulations, excess dietary calories worsened the hyperglycemia and
      hyperlipidemia but did not reproduce the ketoacidotic state. Excess fat added to
      the diet was the most poorly tolerated of the food groups, causing ketonuria,
      hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal pain. Our experience with this patient
      suggests that increased food consumption, insufficient insulin relative to an
      insulin-resistant state, and increased amounts of insulin counterregulatory
      hormones (stress), acted in concert to cause acidosis and increased ketone body
      formation.

PMID- 6432503
TI  - Early carbohydrate metabolism after pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6432504
TI  - Hyperosmolarity response of ocular standing potential as a clinical test for
      retinal pigment epithelium activity. Normative data.
AB  - The standing potential of the eye is decreased by intravenous administration of
      hypertonic solutions. This hyperosmolarity-induced response has been recorded in
      normal subjects by the use of electro-oculography (EOG) in the dark. An
      intravenous administration of Fructmanit (1.4 X 10(3) mOsmol) (150 approximately
      500 ml, 2.37 approximately 9.70 ml/kg, 0.08 approximately 0.36 ml/kg/min) was
      used to evoke the hyperosmolarity response. The amplitude of the response was
      expressed in percentage, V0-Vmin/V0 X 100, where V0 is the base value of the EOG
      before administration of the hypertonic solution and Vmin is a minimum EOG
      amplitude after administration. The distribution of the amplitude of the
      hyperosmolarity response was approximated by the normal distribution in normal
      subjects. The minimum, the maximum, the mean and the standard deviation of the
      amplitude of the hyperosmolarity response were respectively 34.2%, 52.3%, 42.6%
      and 4.6% in normal subjects. The normal range of the hyperosmolarity response
      would be 33.4 approximately 51.8% (M +/- 2SD). The hyperosmolarity response,
      which originates mainly in the retinal pigment epithelium, is a useful new
      quantitative and specific test of the activity of the retinal pigment epithelium
      in clinical practice.

PMID- 6432505
TI  - Hyperosmolarity response of ocular standing potential as a clinical test for
      retinal pigment epithelium activity. Chorioretinal dystrophies.
AB  - The hyperosmolarity response of the standing potential was recorded in retinitis
      pigmentosa (20 eyes), central (pericentral) retinitis pigmentosa (4 eyes),
      pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (2 eyes), fundus albipunctatus (8
      eyes), and Stargardt's disease (or fundus flavimaculatus) (14 eyes). The light
      peak/dark trough ratio (the L/D ratio) and the Diamox response were also
      determined. The hyperosmolarity response was greatly suppressed (less than M-4SD;
      M and SD indicate respectively the mean and the standard deviation in normal
      control subjects) in all examined eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (20 eyes)
      including retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento (8 eyes), central (pericentral)
      retinitis pigmentosa (4 eyes), and pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
      (2 eyes). The L/D ratio was larger than 1.26 (M-2.5 SD) in the half of the eyes
      with the above-described diseases. The hyperosmolarity response was abnormal
      (less than M-2 SD) in 4 of 8 eyes with fundus albipunctatus. The L/D ratio was
      normal in all 8 eyes. The hyperosmolarity response was abnormal (less than M-2
      SD) in all 14 eyes with Stargardt's disease or fundus flavimaculatus. The L/D
      ratio was abnormal in 5 of these 14 eyes. The hyperosmolarity response was more
      frequently abnormal than the L/D ratio in the chorioretinal dystrophies mentioned
      above, and hence is useful particularly for early diagnosis of these disorders.

PMID- 6432506
TI  - [5-methylcytosine is lacking in the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila
      virilis].

PMID- 6432507
TI  - [Characteristics of human somatotropin synthesized in bacteria by genetic
      engineering methods].

PMID- 6432508
TI  - [Animal lipoxygenases as an instrument for the peroxidation of membrane
      phospholipids].

PMID- 6432509
TI  - [Effect of the transplantation of noradrenergic nerve tissue on the brain
      noradrenaline level and on the behavior of rats with destroyed catecholaminergic
      systems].

PMID- 6432510
TI  - [Experimental insertion of eukaryotic DNA into the chromosome of the bacterial
      cell].

PMID- 6432511
TI  - Influence of dietary thiamin on phenobarbital induction of rat hepatic enzymes
      responsible for metabolizing drugs and carcinogens.
AB  - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed synthetic diets deficient in or
      supplemented with thiamin for 2 or 3 weeks. One group of rats receiving the
      thiamin-supplemented diet was pair-fed the amount consumed by rats fed the
      thiamin-deficient diet. One-half of each group was administered phenobarbital
      sodium for four consecutive days prior to decapitation. Rats fed the thiamin
      deficient diet had higher NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aniline hydroxylase, and
      ethylmorphine N-demethylase activities than those fed high levels of thiamin. In
      addition, these animals generally responded more vigorously to induction by
      phenobarbital in their synthesis of microsomal protein, and increased activities
      of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aniline hydroxylase, and ethylmorphine N
      demethylase. Cytochrome P-450 concentration was higher in the microsomes from
      thiamin-deficient rats and was induced to a greater degree by phenobarbital than
      in microsomes from rats fed thiamin-supplemented diets ad libitum. Phenobarbital
      enhanced metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) by liver 9,000 g supernatant
      as evidenced by approximately two-fold increases in formaldehyde formed per gram
      liver. This increase in DMN metabolism in male rats is due at least in part to
      the increased concentration of microsomal protein, since metabolism per milligram
      microsomal protein was not increased. The fact that DMN metabolism per unit of
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 in phenobarbital-treated animals is decreased to
      about one-half of that in controls indicates that DMN is either metabolized by a
      non-cytochrome P-450-dependent system or that it is metabolized by a form of P
      450 not induced by phenobarbital. A sex difference was evident in these
      experiments, females generally being more sensitive to the influence of varying
      levels of dietary thiamin. Also female rats but not males fed high-thiamin diets
      responded to phenobarbital with increased DMN metabolism per milligram microsomal
      protein.

PMID- 6432512
TI  - [Dissolution of recurrent stones in the choledochus by a modified irrigation
      treatment via an indwelling nasobiliary catheter].
AB  - Alternating fluid rinsing with a modified glyceromono-octanoate (GMOC) and bile
      salt-EDTA (BA-EDTA) solution via an endoscopically placed indwelling nasal
      biliary catheter was performed on 15 patients (13 women, 2 men) with recurrent
      stones in the choledochal duct after cholecystectomy. Of 12 radiotranslucent and
      three radioopaque concrements with a mean diameter of 1.72 X 2.05 cm (largest
      concrement: 3.0 X 3.5, smallest 1.0 X 2.1 cm) 13 were dissolved (87% success
      rate). In one patient chemolitholysis had to be stopped because of electrolyte
      abnormalities, before treatment had been completed. After the end of treatment
      all patients were free of symptoms and during a fairly long follow-up period no
      stone recurrences were observed.

PMID- 6432513
TI  - [Retroperitoneal gas accumulations: diagnosis using imaging procedures].
AB  - In 17 patients, signs of retroperitoneal gas accumulations were assessed on two
      planes by plain radiographs, and also by means of sonography and computed
      tomography. In some cases, diagnosis is possible via the plain radiographs if one
      knows the retroperitoneal compartments and the typical paths of propagation of
      both gas and inflammatory processes. Provided that conditions of examination are
      favourable, sonography can help to determine the seat and aetiology of the
      disease. In any case, however, computed tomography is clearly superior to both
      methods. Besides enabling the definite identification of gas accumulations, it
      provides a means for the exact localization in the retroperitoneal area, and in
      most cases also for arriving at the final diagnosis. This is important for
      effective treatment planning.

PMID- 6432514
TI  - [Social equivalents of the biological protective-adaptive mechanisms of animals
      and pharmacology].

PMID- 6432515
TI  - [Changes in reaction potentials in neurotic depression].
AB  - An investigation, comparing the event related potential (ERP) of depressive
      patients and a control group is presented. The components N100, P200, N200 and
      P300 have been recorded during the Stroop colour-word-interference test. The task
      is to name the colour of a colour word presented in a different colour, to read
      the word of an achromatic colour word and to name the colour of colour strips.
      The reaction time to name the colour or the word resulted in a general
      retardation for the patients with neurotic depression in comparison to the
      control group. The components of the acoustic evoked potentials, recorded after a
      warning stimulus S1, 4 s before the single Stroop stimuli showed no differences
      in amplitude or latency. The visual evoked potentials, associated to the Stroop
      stimuli showed, in case of the neurotic depressive patients an increase of the
      P300-amplitude. This result is interpreted as an increased cognitive effort of
      the patients in case of the employed experimental approach.

PMID- 6432516
TI  - [EEG activation with bemegride in epilepsy diagnosis. 1: Literature review].
AB  - In patients with suspected epilepsy, an EEG "activation" with bemegride can be
      performed as last link of the diagnostic chain. The administration of bemegride
      intends the activation of epileptiform discharges in the EEG of patients with a
      disposition for epilepsy. This activation is not supposed to occur in healthy
      subjects at the same dosage. The occurrence of generalized and focal epileptiform
      discharges during the intravenous administration of bemegride is regarded as a
      positive test result by most investigators. Changes like a slowing of the
      background activity, dysrhythmias, parenrhythmias, and focal changes are not
      reliable. The provocation of seizures should be avoided. Dosage and injection
      rate must be chosen in such a way that false negative results are more probable
      than false positive. The result of the bemegride test is influenced by sex, type
      of seizures, age and alcohol intake. Slight side effects of the intravenous
      administration of bemegride are relatively common, severe side effects rather
      uncommon when the test is carefully performed. According to the literature and
      personal experience, the activation of typical epileptiform discharges in the EEG
      by bemegride in adults with doubtful episodes of unconsciousness indicates the
      possible presence of epilepsy (epileptic seizures respectively), but does not
      confirm this. In our opinion, the bemegride test is contraindicated in patients
      with established epilepsy (epileptic seizures respectively) or in cases in whom
      the occurrence of epileptic seizures is probable.

PMID- 6432517
TI  - [Statistical VEP analysis for approximate determination of latency distribution
      of visually evoked single cortical stimulus responses].
AB  - It is suggested that disturbances of excitation velocity in optic nerve disease
      go along with a temporal heterogenity of impulse conduction which subsequently
      may be responsible for an increased variability of latencies of cortical visual
      evoked potentials. Since the latencies of each single evoked response, being
      superimposed by EEG-background activity, cannot be measured, we developed a
      computer-assisted statistical technique in an attempt to quantify this
      variability. Random samples (n = 30) were taken from the whole of stimulus
      correlated EEG-segments recorded during a clinical routine examination (n = 200)
      and averaged to give a number (n = 30) of randomly sampled VEP's. The results of
      the statistical analysis, by calculating the variability of the latency values of
      these samples, can be taken as an approximation of the real variability of
      latency of single evoked potentials. It could be demonstrated that the
      variability of latency of the first clearly defined positive component P2 of the
      pattern-induced VEP is increased even in cases of clinically suspected
      retrobulbar neuritis or disseminated encephalomyelitis, where the summed VER
      latency turned out to be within normal limits. Based upon these results, the
      statistical analysis proposed here has proven to be of differential diagnostic
      significance as an additional parameter - besides the ordinary measurement of
      latency - especially in borderline cases.

PMID- 6432518
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials following stimulation of the lateral femoral
      cutaneous nerve in normal persons and in patients with meralgia paraesthetica].
AB  - Cortical somatosensory potentials evoked by stimulation of the N. cutaneus
      femoris lateralis at two different places (proximal and distal) were investigated
      in normal persons and patients with sensory disorders of this nerve. A relatively
      constant early peak (P 32 and P 37 respectively) proved to be a useful diagnostic
      parameter for normal and delayed nerve conduction. Abnormalities were found in
      two thirds of cases on the side clinically affected. Peripheral sensory nerve
      potentials, evoked by orthodromic or antidromic nerve stimulation, have been
      found to be of limited value because frequently they could not be recorded in
      normals and also because lesions of the nerve may be localized proximally from
      the section that is accessible with peripheral electroneurography.

PMID- 6432519
TI  - [Detection of EMG artifacts for use in automatic routine analysis of clinical
      EEG's].
AB  - Automatic computerized EEG-evaluation in several stages requires information
      about whether or not EMG-artifacts are present. Furthermore, algorithms for
      recognition of EMG-artifacts may be helpful while reproducing low pass filtered
      EEG-signals. Depending on the kind of application three algorithms for the
      recognition of EMG-artifacts are proposed, taking into account the different kind
      of results required as well as the different nature of input data. The algorithms
      have been constructed under the guideline of numerical simplicity to match the
      requirements of routine EEG-evaluation. They have shown to be a sufficient tool
      for any EMG-recognition task arising from computerized analysis of clinical EEG
      signals.

PMID- 6432520
TI  - [Electromyography in function disorders of the cricothyroid muscle following
      trauma and strumectomy].
AB  - 32 patients with a disturbed function of the cricothyroid muscle were examined
      electromyographically and some also electroneurographically. Thyroid surgery had
      preceded in 22 patients and a traumatic lesion in 10 patients. Clinical
      observation showed that all patients suffered from an instability and lowering of
      the speaking voice as well as a reduction of vocal range. This was caused by a
      deficient tension of the vocal cords due to an insufficiently innervated
      cricothyroid muscle. In healthy subjects a continuous muscle activity of the
      cricothyroid muscle can be noted even in a resting position. During phonation the
      density and amplitude of this activity increases, showing a spindle-shaped
      pattern. In our strumectomised patients the resting activity of the impaired side
      was either greatly diminished when compared with the healthy side, or showed
      signs of denervation including the recording of fibrillations and positive sharp
      waves. The activity during phonation was reduced or completely missing.
      Electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve produced a delayed
      indirect muscle response. In those patients with traumatic lesions, the resting
      activity was reduced while a regular activity increase during phonation was
      completely missing. However, no signs of denervation were found in these
      patients. Our findings show evidence of neurogenic damage during thyroid surgery
      and an impairment of structures of the muscle itself following traumatic lesions.

PMID- 6432521
TI  - Aspects of the ecology of viral hepatitis.
AB  - Human viral hepatitis, a major public health problem throughout the world, is
      caused by several different viruses. Hepatitis A virus is a member of the
      enterovirus genus. Hepatitis B is as yet an unclassified DNA virus. A number of
      unidentified viruses cause at least two different types of non-A, non-B
      hepatitis. The delta agent, which has been described more recently, is a
      transmissible agent which is dependent for its replication on a helper function
      provided by hepatitis B virus. Aspects of the ecology of viral hepatitis are
      described.

PMID- 6432522
TI  - Flux measurement in single cells by fluorescence microphotolysis.
AB  - Fluorescence microphotolysis--widely employed for diffusion studies--can be used
      to measure transfer (flux) of fluorescent solutes through membranes in single
      cells and organelles. This article analyses the methodological basis of flux
      measurements, provides experimental tests, and discusses potential applications.
      The principle of the method is to equilibrate cells, organelles or vesicles with
      a fluorescent solute, to deplete the interior of individual cells etc. of
      fluorescein by the pulse of a high-intensity microbeam, and to monitor influx of
      solute by microfluorometry. Simple equations are given and a computer curve
      fitting program is described by which rate constants of influx and membrane
      permeability coefficients can be derived from fluorescence measurements. The
      permeability of individual "leaky" human erythrocyte ghosts to fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-labelled bovine serum albumin has been measured under various
      conditions. Multiple exposure to the high-intensity microbeam had no effect on
      permeability within experimental error. Flux measurements have been also
      performed on individual vesicles of 1-2 micron radius which had been derived from
      ghosts. The potential application of the method to sub-lightmicroscopic vesicles
      and to organelles within living cells is discussed.

PMID- 6432523
TI  - The relationship between lethal mutation yield and intake of ethylnitrosourea
      (ENU) in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - To estimate the absorbed dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) ingested in
      Drosophila melanogaster, males were fed with sucrose solutions containing various
      concentrations of ENU plus 3H-labeled sucrose for 24 hr. Flies showed decreasing
      intakes with increase in ENU concentration when monitored by intake 3H
      radioactivity. Absorbed dose, D, per male can be estimated by the following
      formula: D = v . C, where v is intake volume per male of sucrose solution at
      concentration C. Estimating the v value for each ENU solution from 3H
      radioactivities in male flies, and using the above formula, we reached the
      conclusion that average absorbed doses of ENU were 0.064, 0.221, and 0.302 nmol,
      respectively, for the ENU concentrations of 0.03, 0.3, and 1.0 mM. Sex-linked
      recessive lethals were measured for males exposed to these sucrose solutions at
      three different ENU concentrations. Their frequencies increased nonlinearly with
      increasing exposure doses--ie, ENU concentration C--but linearly with increasing
      absorbed doses estimated in the above-mentioned way.

PMID- 6432524
TI  - Comparative studies of dose-response curves for recessive lethal mutations
      induced by ethylnitrosourea in spermatogonia and in spermatozoa of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Induction of recessive lethal mutations by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) was
      studied for the second chromosome of spermatogonia and spermatozoa in Drosophila
      melanogaster. ENU (0.03, 0.3, and 1.0 mM) was given to flies by dissolving it in
      feeding sucrose solution. Since flies are known to show increased avoidance of
      the feeding solution with increase in ENU concentration, the absorbed doses of
      ENU by flies were estimated from the previously determined empirical data for
      relation of ENU concentration in the feeding solution and the intake volumes of
      the solution by flies as measured indirectly via intake radioactivities of 3H
      labeled sucrose added to the solution. When plotted against absorbed doses of
      ENU, the observed frequencies of recessive lethals showed a linear relationship
      for induction in spermatozoa but a sigmoidal relationship for induction in
      spermatogonia. These results suggest that in spermatogonia ENU-induced mutational
      damage is more repairable in a lower dose range of ENU. Mosaic lethal mutations
      were induced by ENU but not in spermatogonia.

PMID- 6432525
TI  - Use of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver homogenate in the assaying of promutagens
      in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Seven promutagens belonging to two chemical classes--polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAHs) (benzo[a]pyrene, dimethyl benz[a]anthracene, 3
      methylcholanthrene, fluoranthene) and alkyl nitrosamines (dimethyl, diethyl, and
      dibutyl nitrosamine)--were studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Findings
      of practical importance in the use of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver homogenate
      (S9) in the CHO/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutation
      assay were made. Our novel findings are (1) the inclusion of CaCl2 in the S9
      cofactor mixture dramatically decreased the cytotoxicity of S9, and (2) different
      S9 optimum concentrations were observed for structurally similar promutagens. The
      inclusion of CaCl2 in the S9 cofactor mixture and the testing of each chemical of
      unknown S9 requirement at several S9 concentrations are therefore recommended for
      assaying promutagens in the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay.

PMID- 6432526
TI  - Studies on NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. II. Steady-state kinetic properties of
      the crystalline enzyme from ale yeast.
AB  - From a study of the steady-state kinetics (at pH 7.6, 30 degrees C) of the
      reduction of cytochrome c, a 'ping-pong' mechanism may be postulated for the
      crystalline NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from ale yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      [1], a result derivable from a three-substrate ordered system with a rapid
      equilibrium random sequence in substrates, NADPH and FAD, followed by reactions
      of the third substrate, Cyt C3+. On this basis, estimates for the kinetic
      parameters were made together with the inhibitor dissociation constants for NADP+
      (competitive with respect to NADPH as variable substrate, but noncompetitive with
      respect to cytochrome c3+ as the variable substrate). A noncompetitive type of
      inhibition was also found for cytochrome c2+ with NADPH as variable substrate, in
      confirmation of the proposed mechanism. With 2,6-dichloroindophenol as the
      acceptor, in place of cytochrome c3+, a value for KNADPH could be estimated which
      agreed with that estimated above, with cytochrome c3+ as the acceptor, again, in
      confirmation of the postulated mechanism. The reactions with molecular O2
      catalyzed by the enzyme with NADPH as the reductant have been studied
      polarographically, and its Km for O2 estimated to be about 0.15 mmol/l at pH 7.6,
      25 degrees C. The product of the reaction appears to be H2O2, which acts as a
      noncompetitive inhibitor for NADPH (Ki = 0.5 mmol/l), and tentatively an enzyme
      ternary complex containing oxygen and FADoh (semiquinone of FAD) may be assumed
      to be the kinetically important intermediate, which may be postulated to be in
      quasi-equilibrium with an enzyme ternary complex containing Oo2 (superoxide) and
      FAD.

PMID- 6432527
TI  - Diamine oxidase in rat small bowel: distribution in different segments and
      cellular location.
AB  - Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme with high activity found in the small bowel
      mucosa of the rat and man, and only with very low activity in all other tissues.
      The present study was designed to investigate the enzymatic distribution along 8
      consecutive small bowel segments of mucosa and to test the DAO concentration on
      brush border membranes obtained from whole mucosal homogenate in Wistar rats. Our
      data document that DAO activity is mainly distributed in intermediate and distal
      small bowel segments and is not significantly associated with enterocyte brush
      border.

PMID- 6432528
TI  - Further increase in high density lipoprotein in trained males after enhanced
      training.
AB  - Eight well-trained males were studied before, during and after 6 months of a
      progressively increased amount of endurance training in order to elucidate the
      effects on the apoproteins and apolipoproteins. Initially high HDL-cholesterol
      levels were revealed (1.62 +/- 0.15 mmol X 1(-1), mean +/- SE.). After a
      transient but not significant, slight decline at the onset of the increased
      training program (1.57 +/- 0.06 mmol X 1(-1] HDL-cholesterol increased gradually
      to the end of the training period (1.92 +/- 0.12 mmol X 1(-1). There was an
      increased aerobic capacity as judged by maximal oxygen uptake and by lactate
      concentration during standardized submaximal work. However, at the end of the
      training period, a levelling off in maximal oxygen uptake was revealed, while HDL
      cholesterol was still increasing. The present data demonstrate that HDL can be
      influenced by training at all levels of aerobic capacity.

PMID- 6432529
TI  - Enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay (ELLA) for detecting Bacillus anthracis.
AB  - An enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay (ELLA) has been developed for the rapid
      identification of Bacillus anthracis. Using two different lectin-conjugates, the
      ELLA test can differentiate Bacillus anthracis from closely related species, such
      as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides, in approximately two hours.
      In addition to having high specificity, the test can also detect small numbers of
      the bacterium.

PMID- 6432530
TI  - Immunochemistry, genuine size and tissue localization of collagen VI.
AB  - Collagen VI was solubilized with pepsin from human placenta and used for
      preparing rabbit antisera. Major antigenic determinants were located in the
      central region of the antigen including triple-helical and globular structures.
      Antisera prepared against a constituent-chain showed preferential reactions with
      unfolded structures. Antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography and
      failed to cross-react with other collagen types I-V and with fibronectin. These
      antibodies demonstrated intracellular and extracellular collagen VI in fibroblast
      and smooth muscle cell cultures. Immunoblotting identified a disulfide-bonded
      constituent chain about twice as large as those of the pepsin fragments in both
      cell cultures and tissue extracts. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy indicated
      that the increase in mass is due to larger globular domains present at both ends
      of collagen VI monomers. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated a wide
      occurrence of collagen VI in connective tissue particularly of large vessels,
      kidney, skin, liver and muscle. Collagen VI is apparently not a typical
      constituent of cartilage or of basement membranes. Ultrastructural studies using
      the immunoferritin technique showed collagen VI along thin filaments or in
      amorphous regions of aortic media or placenta but not in association with thick,
      cross-striated collagen fibrils or elastin. This supports previous suggestions
      that collagen VI is a constituent of microfibrillar structures of the body.

PMID- 6432531
TI  - Control of glycogen synthase phosphorylation in isolated rat hepatocytes by
      epinephrine, vasopressin and glucagon.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in a medium containing 0.1 mM
      [32P]phosphate (0.1 mCi/ml) before exposure to epinephrine, glucagon or
      vasopressin. 32P-labeled glycogen synthase was purified from extracts of control
      or hormone-treated cells by the use of specific antibodies raised to rabbit
      skeletal muscle glycogen synthase. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      indicated that a single 32P-labeled polypeptide, apparent Mr 88000, was removed
      specifically by the antibodies and corresponded to glycogen synthase. Similar
      electrophoretic analysis of CNBr fragments prepared from the immunoprecipitate
      revealed that 32P was distributed between two fragments, of apparent Mr 14000 (CB
      1) and 28000 (CB-2). Epinephrine, vasopressin or glucagon increased the 32P
      content of the glycogen synthase subunit. CB-2 phosphorylation was increased by
      all three hormones while CB-1 was most affected by epinephrine and vasopressin.
      These effects correlated with a decrease in glycogen synthase activity. From
      studies using rat liver glycogen synthase, purified by conventional methods and
      phosphorylated in vitro by individual protein kinases, it was found that
      electrophoretically similar CNBr fragments could be obtained. However, neither
      cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase nor three different Ca2+-dependent enzymes
      (phosphorylase kinase, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase C)
      were effective in phosphorylating CB-2. The protein kinases most effective
      towards CB-2 were the Ca2+ and cyclic-nucleotide-independent enzymes casein
      kinase II (PC0.7) and FA/GSK-3. The results demonstrate that rat liver glycogen
      synthase undergoes multiple phosphorylation in whole cells and that stimulation
      of cells by glycogenolytic hormones can modify the phosphorylation of at least
      two distinct sites in the enzyme. The specificity of the hormones, however,
      cannot be explained simply by the direct action of any known protein kinase
      dependent on cyclic nucleotide or Ca2+. Therefore, either control of other
      protein kinases, such as FA/GSK-3, is involved or phosphatase activity is
      regulated, or both.

PMID- 6432532
TI  - Tyrosine modification of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium. Effect
      of tetranitromethane on the enzyme in the tetrameric and monomeric state.
AB  - The active tetrameric glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium is rapidly
      inactivated upon reaction with tetranitromethane. The inactivation is correlated
      with the nitration of a single tyrosine residue/subunit. The nitration does not
      influence the dissociation-reassociation process of the enzyme. The inactivation
      is prevented by the presence of NAD, AMP, ATP. The sequence around the nitrated
      tyrosine residue was determined and the residue was identified as Tyr-254 in the
      covalent structure of the enzyme. After dissociation of the enzyme into its
      monomers two tyrosine residues become susceptible to nitration. The nitrated
      subunits are unable to reassociate to the tetramer. Isolation and sequence
      analysis of the peptides containing nitrotyrosine indicated that two different
      tyrosine residues are predominantly modified. One residue is Tyr-254 which is
      essential for the catalytic activity and the other one is Tyr-160 which seems to
      be located in the subunit binding area.

PMID- 6432533
TI  - Pressure dependence of thermolysin catalysis.
AB  - A comparison of the pressure and temperature dependences of the catalytic
      reaction of thermolysin, a thermostable neutral protease from Bacillus
      thermoproteolyticus, with those of a non-thermostable neutral protease from
      Bacillus subtilis revealed a distinct difference in Km values of these enzymes
      for 3-(2-furyl)acrylyl-blocked dipeptide and tripeptide substrates, but not for
      Kcat. Namely, the volume changes for the binding process (delta V) for these
      substrates and several competitive inhibitors were -20- -30 ml/mol for
      thermolysin and nearly 0 ml/mol for the non-thermostable neutral protease. The
      enthalpy and entropy changes for the binding process were negative for
      thermolysin, but positive for the latter enzyme. The activation volumes (delta V
      not equal to) for the kcat process were 25 -35 ml/mol for both proteases, and
      activation enthalpy and entropy showed no significant difference between the two
      enzymes. The characteristic difference in the pressure and the temperature
      dependences seen for the binding process is discussed in relation to the
      thermostability of the proteases.

PMID- 6432534
TI  - Evidence for a structural relationship between apoB75kDa and human plasma
      apolipoprotein B 100, from translation of human liver mRNA in vitro and
      immunochemical studies with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - We have investigated the relation between an 80-kDa protein synthesized in vitro
      in protein-synthesizing system programmed with human liver mRNA [Olofsson, S.-O.,
      Elias, P., Bostrom, K., Lundholm, K., Norfeldt, P.-I., Wiklund, O., Fager, G.,
      and Bondjers, G. (1983) FEBS Lett. 156, 63-66] and a 70-80-kDa protein,
      apoB75kDa, isolated from the low-density lipoproteins-2 (LDL-2) [Olofson, S.-O.,
      Bostrom, K., Svanberg, U., and Bondjers, G. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 1059-1064].
      Five monoclonal antibodies directed against LDL-2 as well as polyclonal
      antibodies against a narrow density cut of LDL-2 (d = 1.030 - 1.055) were used to
      precipitate apoB-related proteins synthesized in vitro in a protein-synthesizing
      system programmed with human liver mRNA (or total RNA fraction). With all
      monoclonal antibodies as well as the polyclonal antibodies, a protein with an
      estimated molecular mass of 80 +/- 1.3 kDa (mean +/- SD, n = 12) could be
      precipitated. The observation that all monoclonal antibodies used reacted with
      apoB75kDa indicates a close immunological relation between this 80-kDa protein
      and apoB75kDa. Limited proteolysis of the 80-kDa protein (synthesized in the
      presence of [35S]-methionine) with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease generated
      six [35S]-methionine-containing bands that could be separated on a polyacrylamide
      gradient gel (12-20%). All these radioactive bands corresponded to major protein
      stained bands obtained after limited proteolysis of apoB75kDa. This observation
      suggests a structural relation between the two proteins. Taken together, our
      results indicate that a protein corresponding to apoB75kDa is synthesized in
      vitro in a protein synthesizing system programmed with human liver mRNA (or total
      RNA fraction). We have also compared apoB75kDa and the major component of apoLDL
      2, apoB100 [Kane, J. P., Hardman, D.A., and Paulus, H.E. (1980) Proc. Natl Acad.
      Sci USA 77, 2465-2469] by immunochemical methods. We could demonstrate that six
      monoclonal antibodies directed against four to six different epitopes on LDL-2,
      as well as polyclonal antibodies to apoB100 and apoB75kDa, all reacted with
      apoB75kDa and apoB100. These observations indicate a close immunological relation
      between the two proteins. Taken together our results support the hypothesis that
      apoB100 has a subunit structure. We therefore suggest that apoB75kDa is a subunit
      of apoB100 synthesized in human liver.

PMID- 6432535
TI  - Equilibria in 5-S ribosomal RNA secondary structure. Bulges and interior loops in
      5-S RNA secondary structure may serve as articulations for a flexible molecule.
AB  - The basic assumption in this paper is that the secondary structure of a 5-S
      ribosomal RNA cannot be represented by a single model. We propose that the
      molecule can adopt, at least within the ribosome, a series of slightly different
      structures of nearly equal stability. The different structures arise from the
      existence of ambiguous base-pairing opportunities in bulged helices and the
      adjacent interior loops. In eubacterial 5-S RNAs there is one such an area, in
      eukaryotic 5-S RNAs two such areas that can give rise to structural switches. We
      explain how a change in secondary structure in these areas may influence the
      relative orientation of the surrounding helices, in other words how bulges and
      interior loops may serve as articulations and give rise to a flexible tertiary
      structure.

PMID- 6432536
TI  - Rapid relaxation processes in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens revealed by subnanosecond-resolved laser-induced fluorescence.
AB  - Time-resolved fluorescence studies were carried out on the FAD bound to p
      hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The transient
      fluorescence exhibits complex decay kinetics with at least a short lifetime
      component in the 50-500-ps time region and a longer one in the range 1.5-3.5 ns.
      The shorter-lifetime component has a larger contribution in the presence of
      substrate (p-hydroxybenzoate) or inhibitor (p-aminobenzoate). The quenching of
      the fluorescence is both static and dynamic in nature. The decay of fluorescence
      anisotropy shows that the FAD environment is both flexible and rigid. The FAD
      mobility can be enhanced by dilution of the enzyme, by raising the temperature,
      or by the binding of substrate or inhibitors. The anisotropy results are
      interpreted in part in terms of a monomer-dimer equilibrium, whereby the FAD in
      the monomer contains much more flexibility. The above-mentioned effects induce a
      shift of the equilibrium to the monomeric side. From a constrained parameter
      fitting the dissociation constant is estimated to be about 1 microM for the free
      enzyme and somewhat higher for the binary complexes between the enzyme and
      substrate or inhibitor. pH variation has only a slight effect on fluorescence or
      anisotropy decay parameters, while dimethylsulfoxide appears to promote
      dissociation into monomers by weakening hydrophobic interaction between the
      subunits. The results are discussed in the light of newly developed insights into
      the functional role of rapid structural fluctuations in enzyme catalysis.

PMID- 6432537
TI  - Interactions at the active site of glycogen phosphorylase b. A new laser probe.
AB  - The flash excitation of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor of glycogen
      phosphorylase b by an ultraviolet laser produces a transient state from a proton
      transfer of the bound cofactor. The rate of decay of this transient state is
      sensitive to the ionization state of the cofactor. This proved a useful probe for
      the ionization state of the 5'-phosphate group of the cofactor on the binding by
      the enzyme of various substrates. The decay rate data show, for the binding of
      glucose 1-phosphate, a partially negative 5'-HPO4- and evidence for a PO4-PO4
      interaction. The data is interpreted in terms of a dynamic shift of substrates at
      the active site.

PMID- 6432538
TI  - Effect of pH on the binding of Vicia graminea lectin to erythrocytes. Dependence
      on the chemical character of red-cell receptors.
AB  - Binding of the radioactive Vicia graminea lectin to human blood-group M and N
      erythrocytes and to horse erythrocytes was studied at pH 6-10. Binding of the
      lectin to untreated human erythrocytes and to those treated with Vibrio cholerae
      neuraminidase increased severalfold from pH 6 to pH 8 and was maintained at the
      maximal level up to pH 9/9.5. On the other hand, interaction of V. graminea
      lectin with native or desialylated horse erythrocytes was not significantly
      affected by pH and small differences in the binding were opposite to those found
      with human erythrocytes: the binding decreased when pH increased from 6 to 9.5.
      Binding of the lectin to all erythrocytes tested at pH 10 was lowered to about
      80% of the maximal values. The differences in pH dependence of V. graminea lectin
      binding to human and horse erythrocytes most probably resulted from the presence
      of amino groups in human red-cell receptors and their absence from receptors of
      horse erythrocytes. The earlier data on the enhancing effect of amino group
      modification on the interaction of human red-cell glycopeptides with V. graminea
      lectin support the conclusion that an increase in the lectin binding to human
      erythrocytes at pH 6-8 is confined to the decreased protonization of the receptor
      amino groups. V. graminea lectin was irreversibly inactivated at pH 3 and was
      inactivated by EDTA at pH 7.4 and reactivated by Ca2+ or Mn2+. This suggested
      that the lectin is a metaloprotein, requiring bivalent cations for the full
      binding activity. Some quantitative differences between the binding properties of
      V. graminea lectin, prepared from different batches of seeds, are reported.

PMID- 6432539
TI  - Ossification of the thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament.
AB  - Presentation of a case of thoracic OPLL in a non-Japanese woman with myelographic
      abnormalities at both the cervical and thoracic levels, and widespread spinal
      manifestations of DISH.

PMID- 6432540
TI  - A simple and safe technique for sterile autologous platelet labelling using
      "Monovette" vials.
AB  - A simple technique of autologous platelet labelling is described, which allows
      labelling within 40 min, and has the advantage of low costs, as no laminar air
      flow is required. Blood (16 ml) was withdrawn into 4 ml ACD, 500 ng prostacyclin
      was added. After 10 min sedimentation the vials were centrifuged for 5 min at 150
      g. The plateletrich plasma in the supernatant was centrifuged at 500 g for 10 min
      to obtain a platelet pellet. The platelet-poor plasma was preserved in a sterile
      syringe and the platelet pellet was resuspended in 1 ml tyrode buffer. The cell
      suspension was labelled at 37 degrees C for 5 min with 100 muCi 111In-oxine
      sulphate and reinjected after dilution with the plasma. Mean labelling efficiency
      was 90% +/- 3%, mean recovery 2 h after reinjection 76% +/- 3% (mean +/- SD).

PMID- 6432541
TI  - Increased high density lipoproteins in diabetic children.
AB  - Serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations were determined in 27
      diabetic children (5-18 years old) and 13 matched healthy controls. The serum
      cholesterol concentrations in the diabetics were slightly higher than in the
      controls (P less than 0.05) due to a significantly higher level of the high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (P less than 0.01). Also the serum concentration
      of apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein constituent of the high density
      lipoprotein fraction, was higher in the diabetic children (P = 0.05). There were
      no significant differences between the groups with regard to the serum
      triglyceride concentrations or the apolipoprotein C-II and C-III concentrations.
      Neither the lipoprotein lipid nor the apolipoprotein levels were significantly
      correlated with variables related to the degree of regulation of the diabetic
      disease. No obvious explanation, based on the present data, can be given for the
      increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in insulin-treated
      diabetics in comparison with the healthy children. It is possible, however, that
      the increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration may be caused by
      an increased level of insulin in the circulation of insulin-treated diabetic
      children.

PMID- 6432542
TI  - Radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: present progress and future
      perspectives.

PMID- 6432543
TI  - Abstracts and index of the 18th annual meeting of the European Society for
      Clinical Investigation, April 17-19, Milan, Italy.

PMID- 6432544
TI  - The place of animal models in gerontological research.

PMID- 6432545
TI  - Direct and indirect measurement of urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with
      essential hypertension and normotensives: relation to age and plasma renin and
      aldosterone levels.
AB  - The relevance of age and activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to
      the excretion of urinary kallikrein (Ukal) was studied in twenty-five patients
      with essential hypertension and forty normotensive controls. The age range for
      both study groups was 20-60 years. Ukal was measured by radioimmunoassay and by
      an amidolytic assay. Results of both assays correlated closely (r = 0.93, n = 65,
      P less than 0.001). For all hypertensives Ukal excretion was not significantly
      different from that of controls. However, older hypertensives (greater than 40
      years, n = 13) had a significantly lower Ukal excretion than normotensives of the
      same age (n = 20) (radioimmunoassay 67.2 (SEM 7.2) v. 105.1 (SEM 8.4) micrograms
      (24 h)-1; and amidolytic method 0.84 (SEM 0.10) v. 1.13 (SEM 0.08) U (24 h)-1).
      No correlation was found between Ukal excretion and plasma renin or aldosterone.
      In fact, the aldosterone level was highest in older hypertensives. In conclusion,
      the lower Ukal excretion in hypertensives over 40 is likely to be secondary to
      the long-standing high blood pressure. Under basal conditions, Ukal excretion
      seems little influenced by the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
      system.

PMID- 6432546
TI  - Tissue distribution of human calcium-binding protein (28 000 g mol-1).
AB  - Immunoreactive calcium-binding protein (28 000 g mol-1, L-CaBP) has been
      quantified using a specific radioimmunoassay to human cerebellar L-CaBP. The
      level of L-CaBP in post-mortem tissue samples varied from undetectable in muscle
      to 8 micrograms/mg-1 protein in the cerebellum and 16 micrograms mg-1 protein in
      the dentate nucleus. L-CaBP was found to be widely distributed throughout the
      nervous system while the only non-nervous tissue which contained appreciable
      levels was the renal cortex.

PMID- 6432547
TI  - Rapid proteolysis of puromycyl peptides in non-thalassaemic and thalassaemic
      erythroid cells.
AB  - The proteolytic degradation of labelled pyromycyl polypeptides was investigated
      in human intact erythroid cells derived from the bone marrow of eight non
      thalassaemic patients and the peripheral blood of eleven thalassaemics (eight
      splenectomized beta thalassaemia heterozygotes and three sickle-cell beta
      thalassaemics). These abnormal polypeptides are rapidly degraded to soluble
      trichloroacetic-acid (TCA) fragments with a half-life of 12 min both in bone
      marrow and peripheral blood. This comes very close to the half-life reported for
      the puromycyl peptide degradative system in rabbit reticulocytes (15 min). The
      relationship of the present proteolytic system to the ATP-dependent one,
      described in rabbit reticulocytes, and to that responsible for the free alpha
      chain degradation in beta thalassaemia is discussed.

PMID- 6432548
TI  - UV treatment of uraemic pruritus reduces the vitamin A content of the skin.
AB  - The effect of phototherapy on uraemic pruritus and vitamin A content in serum and
      epidermis was investigated in ten patients with chronic renal failure. The
      patients and five healthy controls were given repeated whole-body irradiation of
      UV-A + UV-B (total dose 7.9 + 1.3 J cm-2). Serum and skin samples were obtained
      before and after the treatment. Serum samples were analysed for retinol, retinol
      binding protein and carotene and epidermis samples for retinol, 3-dehydroretinol
      and carotene. Before treatment, the retinol concentrations in serum and epidermis
      were higher in patients than in controls. The treatment, which relieved seven
      patients of pruritus, reduced the epidermal retinol from 11.6 +/- 4.5 to 7.0 +/-
      3.8 nmol g-1 protein (P less than 0.02). A similar reduction occurred in the
      controls (4.5 +/- 1.0 v. 1.7 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.01). No changes of epidermal
      3-dehydroretinol, carotene or the serum parameters occurred in either patients or
      controls. The putative relationship between uraemic pruritus and hypervitaminosis
      A and the response of this condition to UV therapy is discussed.

PMID- 6432549
TI  - Abnormal plasma lipoprotein composition in hypercholesterolaemic patients induces
      platelet activation.
AB  - Increased platelet activation has been shown to be a feature of patients with
      familial hypercholesterolaemia. Plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition
      were studied in eleven male patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and in
      ten age-matched healthy controls. Increased levels of cholesterol were found in
      very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (53 and 275%, respectively), whereas in
      high-density lipoprotein, both cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were decreased
      by 21 and 26%, respectively. On incubation of gel-filtered platelets derived from
      normolipidaemic controls with identical concentrations of lipoproteins derived
      from either nomolipidaemic controls or hypercholesterolaemic patients very-low-
      and low-density lipoproteins from the patients caused significantly greater
      thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (P less than 0.01). High-density
      lipoprotein from normal subjects reduced platelet release by 22%, whereas the
      patients' high-density lipoprotein had no significant effect on platelet release.
      Lipoprotein-deficient plasma from both groups augmented platelet function to a
      similar extent. Lipoprotein composition has an important effect on platelet
      function in vitro. The abnormal lipid and protein composition of the lipoproteins
      derived from hypercholesterolaemic patients appears to be the cause of platelet
      hyperactivity observed in these patients.

PMID- 6432550
TI  - Abnormal processing of antral gastrin in active duodenal ulcer disease.
AB  - The concentrations of gastrins containing the active C-terminal tetrapeptide
      amide (mainly gastrin-34 and gastrin-17) and the N-terminal tridecapeptide
      fragment of gastrin-17 were measured in antral and duodenal biopsy specimens. The
      antral concentration of the N-terminal gastrin fragment was much higher in
      patients with active duodenal ulcer (33.4 +/- 6.8 nmol g-1, mean +/- SEM, n = 15)
      than in controls (5.6 +/- 2.9 nmol g-1, n = 10), patients with gastric ulcer (5.6
      +/- 1.8 nmol g-1, n = 10) or patients with pernicious anaemia (7.7 +/- 2.5 nmol g
      1, n = 6). No differences were found between the groups regarding gastrin-34 and
      gastrin-17 concentrations. In duodenal extracts, the N- and C-terminal gastrin
      concentrations were similar in all groups of patients. These data suggest that
      the posttranslational processing of antral gastrin is abnormal in patients with
      active duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 6432551
TI  - Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E phenotypes in relatives of
      patients with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Eighty-six relatives of nineteen probands with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia
      were studied to determine the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and to investigate
      the relation between apo E phenotypes, the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia, and the
      composition of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. Thirty-nine
      relatives were hyperlipidaemic: four type IIa or IIb, nine type III and twenty
      six type IV. The predisposition for hyperlipidaemia was independent of the apo E
      phenotype. Hyperlipidaemic relatives with apo E phenotype E2/2 had a
      significantly (P less than 0.01) higher VLDL-cholesterol/VLDL-triglycerides ratio
      (1.26 +/- 0.35, n = 9) than those heterozygous for apo E allele epsilon 2 (0.66
      +/- 0.12, n = 23) or without apo E allele epsilon 2 (0.69 +/- 0.11, n = 7).
      Normolipidaemic homozygous apo E-2 relatives had also a significantly (P less
      than 0.05) higher ratio (0.97 +/- 0.19, n = 6) than those heterozygous for (0.77
      +/- 0.19, n = 31) or without the apo E allele epsilon 2 (0.74 +/- 0.13, n = 10).
      Thus, both hyper- and normolipidaemic apo E2 homozygotes have higher
      concentrations of VLDL remnants than the subjects heterozygous or without allele
      epsilon 2.

PMID- 6432552
TI  - Serum concentrations of PRL, GH, LH, FSH, TSH and cortisol after single
      administration to man of a new synthetic narcotic analgesic butorphanol.
AB  - The i.m. administration to 6 healthy adult male volunteers of 2 mg butorphanol, a
      potent synthetic opiate analgesic, resulted in a significant rise in serum PRL
      level, without affecting GH, LH, FSH, TSH or cortisol secretion. These effects
      indicate that in man butorphanol exerts an opiate agonist rather than an opiate
      antagonist effect at the hypothalamic and/or pituitary level.

PMID- 6432553
TI  - Alcohol and bupropion pharmacokinetics in healthy male volunteers.
AB  - A study was performed to determine whether there is a pharmacokinetic interaction
      between alcohol and the novel antidepressant bupropion. In the first part 8
      healthy male volunteers received single doses of 100 mg bupropion hydrochloride
      orally on 2 occasions accompanied by either ethanol in orange or plain orange
      drink according to a balanced cross over design. Plasma bupropion concentrations
      were determined by radioimmunoassay and kinetics analysed with the aid of NONLIN.
      Blood alcohol levels were assessed by breathalyser. The disposition of bupropion
      was adequately described by a 2 compartment model and kinetic parameters were not
      significantly altered by the presence of alcohol. In the second part of the study
      the same subjects received 40 ml ethanol in orange drink 3.5 h after ingestion of
      100 mg bupropion or dummy tablet in a double blind cross over fashion. Bupropion
      did not affect alcohol kinetics. In contrast to many other psychotropic drugs
      there is no evidence for a kinetic interaction between bupropion and alcohol.

PMID- 6432554
TI  - The E receptor regulates interferon-gamma production: four-receptor model for
      human lymphocyte activation.
AB  - The E receptor (binds sheep erythrocytes) is found on virtually all human T
      cells. Here we show that a monoclonal antibody 9.6, which recognizes and binds
      the E receptor, inhibited interferon-gamma production by human peripheral blood
      mononuclear leukocytes induced with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin
      A, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A and the monoclonal antibody OKT3. Metabolic
      activation (RNA and DNA synthesis) in human peripheral blood mononuclear
      leukocytes in response to mitogens was also sharply inhibited by 9.6. This
      inhibitory effect occurred early during the induction phase since 9.6 had much
      diminished inhibitory effects when added 15-24 h after induction; peak IFN-gamma
      production and DNA synthesis occurred 3-4 days post induction. An early event
      inhibited by 9.6 appeared to be interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor formation since:
      (a) the ability of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to
      absorb IL 2 was inhibited by 9.6, and (b) lines of T lymphocytes which already
      expressed IL 2 receptors were largely resistant to the inhibitory effects of 9.6
      on IFN-gamma production and DNA synthesis. The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl
      phorbol-13-acetate and teleocidin largely reversed the inhibition by 9.6 of IFN
      gamma production and metabolic activation induced by mitogens. A model for the
      control of IFN-gamma induction involving four receptors, those for mitogens,
      tumor promoter, IL 2 and erythrocyte, is proposed.

PMID- 6432555
TI  - A Mott cell hybridoma.
AB  - A hybridoma is described that exhibits all the characteristic features of Mott
      cells. It has spherules (Russell bodies) in the cytoplasm made up of dilated
      rough endoplasmatic reticulum and containing condensed immunoglobulin (lambda 1
      light chains). Some of the cells appear to be very fragile, and free spherules
      are often found on cell smears. Cells with the Mott cell characteristics are
      still able to divide, but they do not secrete immunoglobulin. Hybridomas of this
      kind should be useful for determining the place of the Mott cell within the
      scheme of B cell differentiation.

PMID- 6432556
TI  - Inhibition of human platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity by sulfinpyrazone and three
      of its metabolites.
AB  - Sulfinpyrazone and three of its major metabolites were compared in vitro for
      their inhibitory effect on human platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity.
      Sulfinpyrazone appeared to be about 15-20 times less potent than its sulfide
      metabolite (G25671) and 6-7 times less potent than the other two compounds, the
      sulfone metabolite (G31442) and p-hydroxysulfide (G33378). All four compounds
      were apparently competitive inhibitors of platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity.
      Comparison of the potency of sulfinpyrazone and its metabolites, as determined in
      the present study and the plasma levels previously measured in man, indicates
      that sulfinpyrazone and G33378 were not potent enough to be effective in man.
      G31442 showed inhibitory potency slightly lower than its corresponding plasma
      levels, whereas G25671 was effective at concentrations well below those found in
      human plasma. This study supports the hypothesis that sulfinpyrazone metabolites
      (in particular the sulfide) rather than the drug itself affect platelet function
      when administered therapeutically.

PMID- 6432557
TI  - Ontogeny of mechanisms which regulate light/dark differences in retinal dopamine
      synthesis.
AB  - The ability of bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, to enhance dopamine (DA) synthesis
      in retinas of rats 1, 4, 7, 15 and 60 days after eye opening was assessed and
      compared to the time course of postnatal development of the light-induced
      increase in DA synthesis. The accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)
      following administration of the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor,
      NSD 1015, was used to estimate DA synthesis. In dark-adapted rats, neither
      bicuculline nor light enhanced DOPA accumulation 1 day after eye opening, but on
      the remaining days either treatment significantly augmented DA synthesis, and by
      day 15 the effects were as great as those observed in adult retinas. At each time
      point, the magnitude of the drug effect on DA synthesis in the dark was similar
      to that observed following light exposure. These results suggest that an
      endogenous GABAergic input to the DA neurons appears at the same time as the
      acquisition of the dopaminergic response to light. The effect of bicuculline
      treatment on DA synthesis in light-exposed animals was also assessed. At 4 and 7
      days the drug significantly enhanced DOPA accumulation over that produced by
      exposure to light alone, but on later days bicuculline exerted no such additive
      effect. These data imply that early in the maturation of the light response
      mechanisms other than removal of an inhibitory GABAergic tone may be partially
      responsible for excitation of the DA neurons.

PMID- 6432558
TI  - Leukotriene D4 elicits a non-sustained contraction of the guinea pig trachea in
      calcium-free buffer.
AB  - The contraction of the isolated guinea pig trachea elicited by leukotriene D4
      (LTD4) in Ca2+-free buffer (containing 10(-4) M EGTA) achieved a maximum at 6-8
      min and relaxed back to baseline approximately 25 min after challenge with LTD4.
      In contrast, LTD4 elicited a sustained contraction in the presence of 1.8 mM
      calcium. This sustained contraction in the presence of calcium was reproduced
      upon repeated LTD4 challenge, whereas in Ca2+-free buffer, only one LTD4-induced
      contraction could be obtained. The amplitude of the LTD4-induced contraction in
      Ca2+-free buffer decreased in a time-dependent manner which was also dependent
      upon the concentration of LTD4. At 10(-7) and 10(-6) M LTD4, small contractions
      (11% and 20% of control, respectively) were measured after 30 min in Ca2+-free
      buffer, whereas 10(-8) M LTD4 elicited a contraction at 15 min but not after 30
      min in Ca2+-free buffer. Whereas washing the trachea for 5 min with LaCl3 (1.8
      mM) only partially suppressed the LTD4-induced contraction in the presence of
      calcium, the contraction elicited by LTD4 in Ca2+-free buffer was not affected by
      LaCl3. The LTD4-induced contraction in Ca2+-free buffer was not affected by
      verapamil (10(-6) M); in contrast, the putative intracellular calcium antagonist,
      TMB-8 (10(-4) M), blocked the LTD4-induced contraction. These results provide
      evidence that the release of an intracellular calcium store plays an important
      role in the initiation of the LTD4-induced contraction of the guinea pig trachea.
      In addition, these results suggest that an extracellular calcium source may
      account for a small part of the LTD4-induced contraction.

PMID- 6432559
TI  - Certain dopamine agonists increase dopamine synthesis in the striatum of rat
      brain.
AB  - N,N-Dipropylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetrahydronaphthalene (DP-5,6-ADTN) induced a
      rapid and dose-related rise in dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum of rat brain.
      The increase of DA was less pronounced in the tuberculum olfactorium and there
      was no change in the frontal cortex. DP-5,6-ADTN and DP-6,7-ADTN also caused a
      rapid increase in striatal DA synthesis (evaluated from the rise of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine after decarboxylase inhibition) which lasted about 20 min
      and was followed by a decrease. The increase in DA synthesis rate after the DP
      ADTNs was restricted to the striatum, only a decrease was observed in mesolimbic
      areas and frontal cortex. Dose-effect curves showed that the ED 50% for the
      stimulation of DA synthesis was somewhat higher (approx. 0.2 mumol/kg) than the
      ED 50% for the decreasing effect (approx. 0.01 mumol/kg). The increase in
      striatal DA biosynthesis was not seen after the DA agonists piribedil, TL-99 or
      apomorphine. Pretreatment of rats with gamma-hydroxybutyrolactone or haloperidol
      prevented the DP-5,6-ADTN-induced increase in DA synthesis.

PMID- 6432560
TI  - Genetic variations in albumin and transferrin as species markers in plasma of
      Callithricidae.
AB  - Albumin (Alb) and transferrin (Tf) polymorphism in plasma of Callithricidae was
      investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis. In 52 blood samples of three
      species (Saguinus mystax, S. oedipus and S. labiatus), four Alb phenotypes (Alb
      1, Alb 2, Alb 3 and Alb 2-3) and two Tf phenotypes (Tf 1 and Tf 2) were observed.
      No Alb variant was found in S. oedipus and S. mystax.

PMID- 6432561
TI  - [Recent findings on cell wall-free prokaryotes associated with experimental
      animals].

PMID- 6432562
TI  - Genetic variants found in plasma alpha-amylase and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase
      in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus).
AB  - Genetic variants of plasma alpha-amylase and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase in
      the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) were found by electrophoreses using cellulose
      acetate plates. It was demonstrated that phenotypic differences of alpha-amylase
      are controlled by two codominant alleles (Amy-1a and Amy-1b) at a single
      autosomal locus (Amy-1). The segregation data of the carbonic anhydrase
      phenotypes in the progeny supported the genetic theory of two codominant alleles
      (Car-1a and Car-1b) at a single autosomal locus (Car-1). The data suggested that
      there was no close linkage between the two loci, Amy-1 and Car-1. The Car-1 locus
      was fixed with one of the two alleles in each of the four lines, i.e. Nag, Oki ,
      Tar and Jak originating from wild animals captured in Nagasaki and Naha and
      Tarama Island, Okinawa, Japan, and in Jakarta, Indonesia, respectively. Oki and
      Tar lines still showed segregation of the two alleles at the Amy-1 locus.

PMID- 6432563
TI  - The relationship between serum hormone levels and reproductive ability in aging
      male rats.
AB  - The relation between fertility and hormonal levels was studied in aging male
      rats. Reproductive ability was inspected at 30, 31, 59, 60, 93 and 94 weeks of
      age, and the serum hormone levels were determined by the radioimmunoassay.
      Reproductive ability decreased with aging (mating rates: 15/20, 11/20, 3/20 and
      6/20 at 30, 31, 59 and 60 weeks, respectively) and no male mated at 93 and 94
      weeks. Serum testosterone levels in males without reproductive activity were
      significantly lower than those in males with reproductive activity. LH and FSH
      showed the lowest level in 95 weeks. The highest value of LH was found at 60
      weeks in males without reproductive activity having low testosterone levels. The
      highest value of prolactin appeared in 95 weeks which was three times higher than
      those in the other groups. The results suggest that the loss in the reproductive
      activity in aging rats starts with a decrease in libido, which is followed by a
      high gonadotropin and low testosterone condition, and accomplished under a low
      gonadotropin and high prolactin circumstance.

PMID- 6432564
TI  - Calcitonin inhibits TRH-induced TSH secretion.
AB  - The authors investigated in 14 healthy volunteers the effect of a single dose of
      50 MRCU of synthetic salmon calcitonin on plasma levels of thyroxine (T4),
      triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and
      on the thyrotropic secretory reserve assessed by means of the TRH test. T4 and T3
      levels did not change significantly within 120 min after administration of
      calcitonin. TSH levels during the 60th minute declined insignificantly. TRH
      stimulated TSH levels after administration of calcitonin were significantly
      lower, as compared with control values (p less than 0.01). The thyrotrophic
      secretory reserve determined as the difference of TSH values at rest and after
      stimulation was significantly inhibited by calcitonin (p less than 0.01). The
      phosphorus and magnesium levels did not change significantly after calcitonin,
      the calcium levels displayed only a slightly declining trend. No correlation was
      revealed between the secretory response of TSH and calcium, phosphorus and
      magnesium levels. The inhibitory action of calcitonin on TSH secretion is
      probably not mediated by changes in the extracellular concentration of these ions
      but is most probably the consequence of the direct influence on the secretory
      mechanism inside the thyrotrophic cell.

PMID- 6432565
TI  - Studies on the inhibitory effect of apomorphine and bromocryptine on basal and
      TRH induced level of TSH and PRL in hypothyroid rats under pentobarbiturate
      anesthesia.
AB  - Groups of male rats were inserted with polyethylene tubings into femoral artery
      and vein under pentobarbiturate anesthesia and small blood samples were
      frequently taken for the estimation of TSH and PRL under maintaining isovolemia.
      After a single injection of apomorphine (12 mg kg-1) or bromocryptine (20 mg kg
      1) much more expressed effect of these drugs on a decrease of PRL level in plasma
      was found than that on a decrease of TSH level and similar observation was made
      with the use of continuous i.v. infusion of apomorphine (50 micrograms in 20
      microliter per min for 180 min). Finally, under the above dose of infused
      apomorphine, the effect of TRH on the increase of TSH level was depressed at the
      30th min as compared to that 0 and 120th min of infusion. In addition, at 120 min
      of infusion the effect of TRH was significantly higher than that at 0 min. These
      results suggest that the effect of apomorphine may take place at the pituitary
      level.

PMID- 6432566
TI  - Influence of STS 557 on the mitotic activity in the endometrium of ovariectomized
      mice and comparison with the effects of progesterone and levonorgestrel.
AB  - The numbers of mitoses in the epithelial and stromal tissues of mouse uteri were
      recorded after treatment with various doses of progesterone (P), levonorgestrel
      (LN), and STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-diene-3
      one). All three progestins induced mitotic activity in the stromal tissue of the
      endometrium in which P and LN were much more active than STS 557. While the cell
      divisions in the luminal and glandular epithelium induced by P were only rare, LN
      and STS 557 enhanced the mitosis rates in these tissues significantly at a daily
      dose of 1.0 mg/animal on 5 consecutive days. The results are discussed with
      special regard to the post-coital antifertility effect of STS 557.

PMID- 6432567
TI  - Decrease of prolactin response to TRH during ageing in women.
AB  - The response of prolactin after thyreoliberin decreased with ageing. The role of
      estrogen secretion in this phenomenon is discussed.

PMID- 6432568
TI  - Expression of embryonic and MHC antigens in heterokaryons of murine embryonal
      carcinoma and human melanoma cells.
AB  - Mouse embryonal carcinoma cells were fused with human melanoma cells or with
      cytoplasts of these cells. The expression of embryonic and major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens was studied in single heterokaryons and
      cybrids in the population after fusion. Recognition of heterokaryons by
      differential staining of mouse and human nuclei was combined with indirect
      immunofluorescent staining of specific membrane antigens. Complete suppression of
      embryonic antigen expression was found in heterokaryons within 2 days after
      fusion. Cybrids, formed by fusion of embryonal carcinoma cells with melanoma
      cytoplasts, showed a transient decrease in the expression of embryonic antigens.
      The expression of human MHC antigens, both class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II
      (HLA-DR), was only slightly influenced in heterokaryons. No activation of mouse
      MHC antigens was found. The results indicate that melanoma cells contain trans
      acting factors exerting a negative control on the expression of embryonic
      antigens. In contrast the continued expression of human MHC antigens in
      heterokaryons suggests that embryonal carcinoma cells either are devoid of or
      contain only a very limited amount of trans-acting factors controlling the
      expression of MHC antigens.

PMID- 6432569
TI  - The identification of transferrin, an iron-binding protein in rabbit tears.
AB  - The iron-binding protein activity in rabbit tears was analysed using
      immunochemical techniques. Ouchterlony analysis showed that rabbit tears contain
      the iron-binding protein transferrin and that tear transferrin has complete
      antigenic identity with serum and milk transferrin. Immunoelectrophoresis showed
      that tear transferrin had the same electrophoretic mobility as serum transferrin.
      SDS-PAGE analysis of rabbit tears in the presence of purified milk transferrin
      was used to identify the tear transferrin band. The amount of transferrin in
      rabbit tears, quantified by an ELISA technique, ranged from 80 to 464 micrograms
      ml-1 with a mean of 285 micrograms ml-1. The origin of transferrin in rabbit
      tears is not yet clear. Immunofluorescence studies showed the presence of
      transferrin in cells lining the lacrimal ducts. The results presented here show
      that rabbit tears are markedly different from human tears. Rabbit tears contain
      transferrin and probably lack lactoferrin, whereas human tears contain large
      amounts of lactoferrin and hardly any detectable transferrin.

PMID- 6432570
TI  - Lung functional follow-up in children after severe viral infection.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed in 12 children after viral
      infection (VI) due to an adenovirus in 9 cases and occurring before the age of 4
      in 10. Functional residual capacity (FRC), thoracic gas volume (TGV), total lung
      resistance (R1), dynamic lung compliance (C1dyn), expiratory flows and blood
      gases were measured during three periods after VI: from 3 to 12 months (n = 10),
      from 1 yr 6 months to 3 yr 8 months (n = 8), and from 4 yr 7 months to 8 yr (n =
      6). In the short term period one child had normal PFT, while in the remaining
      cases there was increased R1, decreased C1dyn and hypoxemia. R1, C1dyn and blood
      gases did not significantly change between short and mid term periods. In the
      long term period the children had overinflation with trapped gases, airways
      obstruction and hypoxemia. These functional sequelae may be related to structural
      lesions due to VI and abnormal postnatal lung growth.

PMID- 6432571
TI  - The stability of 6-hydroxydopamine under minipump conditions.
AB  - A number of investigators have recently used osmotic minipumps to continuously
      deliver the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to kitten cerebral cortex for
      periods up to 7 days. Because this compound is known to be particularly labile,
      we studied the stability of 6-OHDA stored under conditions similar to those found
      in an osmotic minipump. In 0.4% ascorbic acid, 4 mM 6-OHDA-HBr was found to be
      stable for at least one week as determined by (1) assay of the drug by high
      performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection and (2) test of
      the drug's ability to deplete mouse heart norepinephrine.

PMID- 6432572
TI  - Differential effects of flurothyl- and electro-convulsive shock on sexual
      maturation and prolactin release in the rat.
AB  - The effects of single and repeated seizures on luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin secretion and on the onset of sexual
      maturation in rats are described. In addition, the influence of convulsions
      generated electrically (electroconvulsive shock, ECS) and chemically (using
      flurothyl) are compared. Repeated flurothyl convulsions and ECS (one daily
      convulsion from age 24 days) significantly delay vaginal opening in female rats.
      The incidence of first ovulation at maturation is reduced to 20% compared with 70
      100% for untreated groups. Body and adrenal weights in immature rats are not
      modified by flurothyl convulsions. Repeated ECS does not influence adrenal weight
      although somatic growth is inhibited. In an effort to clarify the mechanism of
      action of convulsions on puberty onset, we examined acute changes in LH, FSH and
      prolactin secretion and the surge response of LH/FSH to gonadal steroid priming.
      A single flurothyl convulsion potently inhibits prolactin secretion. In contrast,
      an ECS acutely stimulates prolactin release in male and female rats. Convulsive
      seizures do not consistently alter tonic gonadotropin output. However, both
      flurothyl convulsions and ECS attenuate estradiol benzoate/progesterone-induced
      LH and FSH surges in ovariectomized rats though this is apparently not mediated
      by dopamine/prolactin since bromocriptine treatment delays sexual maturation
      without preventing ovulation at first estrus. Similarly, bromocriptine does not
      disrupt LH/FSH surges induced by gonadal steroid treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432573
TI  - Release of labile cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid from kidney by
      endotoxin.
AB  - The possible release of prostaglandin (PG)-like substances was studied in
      isolated perfused kidneys from intact and from intrarenal endotoxin
      (Lipopolysaccharide-LPS)-injected rabbits, using the venous outflow superflow
      superfuse assay organ technique. Injection of LPS into the renal artery of an LPS
      pretreated kidney caused a release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin
      (PGI2)-like materials into the venous effluent as verified by the responses of
      the specific assay organs. No detectable release of these substances was found in
      the venous outflow of LPS-injected intact kidney. The possible role of labile
      cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid in the Shwartzman reaction is
      discussed.

PMID- 6432574
TI  - Preadult lethality in four populations of Drosophila melanogaster treated with
      formaldehyde.
AB  - Samples from 4 populations of D. melanogaster were treated with formaldehyde by
      the larval feeding method, and induced lethality was scored. The results showed
      relevant differences among the populations analyzed.

PMID- 6432575
TI  - Localization of gold in the anterior pituitary gland of rats exposed to sodium
      aurothiomalate.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of gold in the anterior pituitary of rats
      injected intraperitoneally with sodium aurothiomalate has been demonstrated using
      a histochemical technique that visualizes minute traces of gold. Gold was located
      intracellularly within lysosome-like bodies of marginal layer cells, follicular
      cells, and thyrotrophs. Gold was not seen within secretion granules. The possible
      mechanism by which gold is taken up into the cells is discussed.

PMID- 6432576
TI  - Public funding of contraceptive, sterilization and abortion services, 1982.
AB  - The federal government and the states spent $328 million to support the provision
      of contraceptive services in fiscal 1982, 13 percent less than they had spent the
      previous year. Federal funds for family planning services came from Title X of
      the Public Health Service Act, Title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid),
      and the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and Social Services block grants, which
      are administered by the states. Title X continued to provide the largest,
      although a diminishing, share of public funds for contraceptive services--36
      percent of all such funds in 1982. (In 1980, Title X had accounted for 44 percent
      of public funding.) Medicaid expenditures for family planning totaled $94
      million; $17 million was spent under the MCH block grant, and $46 million under
      the Social Services block grant. State governments contributed an additional $53
      million, about the same figure reported for the previous year, indicating that
      the states did not use their own funds to soften the impact of cuts in federal
      expenditures for contraceptive services in 1982. The federal government and the
      states spent an estimated $55 million, almost all of it through Medicaid, to
      provide sterilization services for poor women. The states spent $67 million and
      the federal government spent $1 million to provide abortions for 210,000 indigent
      women. These figures come from the 11th annual survey of state health and welfare
      agencies and state Medicaid programs by The Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI). The
      AGI conducted this survey in January 1983 to determine the levels and sources of
      public funding for contraceptive, sterilization and abortion services in each
      state during FY 1982.

PMID- 6432577
TI  - A weighted least-squares approach for fitting to kinetic models the plasma
      concentration data of phenytoin and Factor VIII.

PMID- 6432578
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of analgesic and
      antiinflammatory 4-aminopyrroles.
AB  - The synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of a series of analgesic,
      antiinflammatory beta-aminopyrroles is described. Qualitative structure activity
      relationships are discussed. One of the compounds reported in the study is a
      candidate for toxicological and clinical trials.

PMID- 6432579
TI  - Computer graphics modelling of human renin. Specificity, catalytic activity and
      intron-exon junctions.
AB  - A model has been constructed using computer graphics for human renin based on the
      sequence derived from that of the gene and the 3-dimensional structure defined at
      high resolution for other homologous aspartic proteinases. Human renin can adopt
      a 3-dimensional structure close to that of other aspartic proteinases, in which
      amino acids corresponding to intron-exon junctions in the gene are at surface
      regions in the 3-dimensional structure. As expected, the essential catalytic
      residues are retained and the nearby residue 304 is alanine as in the mouse
      sequence, supporting the idea that Asp 304 of other aspartic proteinases may
      contribute to the low pH of their optimal activity. There are interesting
      differences at subsite S3' which may contribute to the specificity of human
      renin. Certain residues at the surface of the enzyme adjacent to the active site
      cleft are unique to renins and may play a role in recognition and binding of
      angiotensinogen.

PMID- 6432580
TI  - Hydrocortisone inhibits prostaglandin production but not arachidonic acid release
      from cultured macrophages.
AB  - We have investigated the action of hydrocortisosone on arachidonic acid
      mobilisation in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages, mouse L929 cells and
      the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264. Hydrocortisone inhibits both
      arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production by L929 cells. However,
      prostaglandin production by macrophages or RAW264 cells is inhibited with a
      concomitant stimulation rather than inhibition of arachidonic acid release. These
      data suggest that hydrocortisone acts at the level of phospholipase activity in
      fibroblasts but at a later stage of prostanoid production in macrophages.

PMID- 6432581
TI  - The Rhesus (D) polypeptide is linked to the human erythrocyte cytoskeleton.
AB  - Cytoskeleton preparations derived from lactoperoxidase-radioiodinated human
      erythrocytes were found to be enriched in a labelled component with the same
      apparent molecular mass as the Rhesus (D) (Rh(D] antigen polypeptide. Immune
      precipitation from the cytoskeleton preparations confirmed that this component is
      the Rh(D) polypeptide. The results suggest that the Rh(D) polypeptide may be
      linked to the erythrocyte skeletal matrix. The possibility that the Rh(D) antigen
      is involved in maintaining the shape and viability of the erythrocyte is
      discussed.

PMID- 6432582
TI  - [Acute kidney failure].

PMID- 6432583
TI  - [Care of patients with different traumatic injuries].

PMID- 6432584
TI  - Clomiphene citrate: mechanism(s) and site(s) of action--a hypothesis revisited.

PMID- 6432585
TI  - Sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human
      chorionic gonadotropin in human in vitro fertilization. II. Study of luteal phase
      adequacy following aspiration of the preovulatory follicles.
AB  - The 88 patients included in the in vitro fertilization program during 113 cycles
      were submitted to superovulation by sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human
      menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. No correlation was
      found between estradiol and progesterone levels during the luteal phase and
      estradiol on the days preceding administration of human chorionic gonadotropin.
      Nineteen biopsies of the endometrium were carried out. The importance of the
      increase of estradiol between the day before and the day of administration of
      human chorionic gonadotropin is positively correlated with the quality of the
      endometrium.

PMID- 6432586
TI  - Asynchrony between human cumulus-corona cell complex and oocyte maturation after
      human menopausal gonadotropin treatment for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - One hundred seventeen oocyte-cumulus-corona cell complexes (CCCs) were obtained
      from 15 women undergoing in vitro fertilization after human menopausal
      gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin follicular stimulation. In each woman,
      five oocyte-CCCs were left intact, and the remaining one to five oocytes were
      freed of their CCCs by hyaluronidase (300 IU/ml) dispersal treatment. Dispersal
      time for individual CCCs correlated well with their degree of mucification and
      was significantly shorter in 20 mature CCCs as compared with 24 intermediate CCCs
      (1.20 +/- 0.05 versus 2.35 +/- 0.13 minutes, respectively; P less than 0.001).
      Oocyte maturation at collection and after 8 hours of in vitro incubation was not
      related to the CCC type present at harvest. Maturation of oocytes progressed
      regardless of CCC type; so that after 8 hours of preincubation, 73% of the
      oocytes attained a polar body while 20% were still at the germinal vesicle
      breakdown stage and 7% at the germinal vesicle stage. Overall, the 44 denuded
      oocytes and 72 intact oocyte-CCCs were comparable in rate of fertilization (64%
      versus 68%) and subsequent cleavage (75% versus 82% of all fertilized oocytes).
      It is concluded that in human menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated cycles,
      asynchrony between individual CCC mucification and oocyte maturation may occur,
      and that the absence of CCC does not seem to affect in vitro fertilization and
      cleavage rates.

PMID- 6432587
TI  - Hypothalamic function in amenorrheic runners.
AB  - We have examined temperature regulation in eight amenorrheic runners and
      gonadotropin response to an opioid antagonist in seven amenorrheic runners, 18 to
      29 years of age, running 20 to 70 miles a week. Following equilibration, oral
      temperature was measured continuously, first in a cold room at 39 degrees F and
      then in a sauna at 172 degrees F in eight amenorrheic runners, in eight
      eumenorrheic runners, and in eight control subjects in the early follicular phase
      of the menstrual cycle. Studies were terminated if a subject's temperature fell
      below 94 degrees F or rose above 102 degrees F, and all studies were conducted in
      the afternoon. The rates of temperature change, calculated from total net
      temperature change divided by elapsed time in the test chamber, were not
      significantly different among the three groups of women. Seven other amenorrheic
      runners failed to have any significant changes in luteinizing hormone or follicle
      stimulating hormone levels in response to the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone
      administered as an intravenous infusion at 1.6 mg/hour for 4 hours. If opioids
      inhibit gonadotropin secretion in exercise-associated amenorrhea, an increase in
      gonadotropins in response to naloxone would have been anticipated. Although it is
      possible that the dose of naloxone selected was inappropriate and that
      temperature responses under other conditions might differ from those of normal
      women, these data suggest that endogenous opiates do not play a direct role in
      the amenorrhea associated with exercise and that temperature regulatory centers
      in the hypothalamus are intact in this disorder, compared with other causes of
      amenorrhea such as anorexia nervosa. Further studies of hypothalamic function are
      warranted to test these possibilities.

PMID- 6432588
TI  - Evaluation of oxytocin administration on luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone during the
      menstrual cycle of normal women.
AB  - In order to determine whether oxytocin modifies luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in response to LH-releasing hormone
      (LH-RH), a group of normal women, 23 to 30 years of age, was studied in the
      follicular, periovulatory, and luteal phases. LH and FSH response to LH-RH was
      evaluated in the serum under control conditions and after oxytocin infusion.
      Oxytocin administration failed to modify LH and FSH release induced by LH-RH.
      These results suggest that this neuropeptide is not involved in the control of LH
      and FSH at the level of the anterior pituitary.

PMID- 6432589
TI  - Endocrine consequences of prolonged ovarian hyperstimulation: hyperprolactinemia,
      follicular atresia, and premature luteinization.
AB  - Eighteen normal ovulatory cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys were given an
      extended fixed-dose regimen of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), which was
      followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Ovarian
      hyperstimulation developed in responsive subjects to various degrees. Based on
      their serum estradiol (E2) response, 16 were arbitrarily categorized as high
      responders (E2 greater than 1000 pg/ml), 3 were medium responders (E2 500 to 1000
      pg/ml), and 2 were low responders (E2 150 to 500 pg/ml). Interestingly, one
      female did not respond to exogenous gonadotropin therapy. The endocrine
      consequences of prolonged ovarian hyperstimulation include (1) hyperprolactinemia
      in the luteal phase of 50% of responsive monkeys; (2) frequent atresia of growing
      follicles, marked by a precipitous decline in serum E2, despite continuous hMG
      therapy; and (3) seven monkeys with premature serum progesterone elevations up to
      1 week before hCG injection, without an overt luteinizing hormone surge. Only 1
      of 18 females manifested a typical midcycle luteinizing hormone surge during
      hMG/hCG treatment. These findings have physiologic implications that are relevant
      to ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization therapy in infertile women.

PMID- 6432590
TI  - Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone upon estrogen and progesterone secretion
      by cultures of monkey granulosa cells recovered during the periovulatory period.
AB  - For determination of how exposure of the monkey follicle to the preovulatory
      luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surge alters its
      responsiveness to FSH in terms of estrogen and progesterone secretory ability,
      monkey thecal tissue and granulosa cells were harvested prior to and during the
      midcycle LH/FSH surge and cultured for 8 days with testosterone and with and
      without 100 ng human FSH. The addition of FSH enhanced estrogen secretion in
      culture (6.8 and 7 times on the average after 6 and 8 days, respectively; P less
      than 0.05) by granulosa cells if they were harvested prior to, but not during,
      the midcycle LH/FSH surge. In contrast, the FSH could stimulate granulosa cell
      progesterone secretion if the cells were harvested both prior to (60- to 100-fold
      stimulation) and during the midcycle LH/FSH surge (10- to 60-fold stimulation; P
      less than 0.05). It can be concluded that exposure of the preovulatory monkey
      follicle to the midcycle LH/FSH surge alters its responsiveness to FSH in terms
      of estrogen secretion.

PMID- 6432591
TI  - Inhibin activity and steroid hormone levels in ovarian extracts and ovarian vein
      plasma of female monkeys during postnatal development.
AB  - Inhibin activity, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-suppressing substance,
      estrogen, progesterone, and androstenedione were measured in charcoal-treated
      ovarian tissue and ovarian venous and peripheral blood of eight rhesus monkeys
      ranging from 12 to 48 months of age. All of the monkeys demonstrated inhibin
      activity in ovarian tissue, which, if expressed per milligram protein, was
      relatively constant throughout development. However, if the activity was
      expressed per ovary, the amount of ovarian FSH-suppressing substance increased
      between 26 and 48 months; it was present in detectable amounts in ovarian venous
      blood only in one 26-month-old monkey. Detectable levels of estrogen were present
      in ovarian venous blood of the 26-month-old and the 48-month-old monkeys but not
      in the younger monkeys. It is possible that the secretion of inhibin activity may
      be in part responsible for low levels of serum FSH observed prior to puberty,
      because it has been observed by others that bilateral ovariectomy in the
      prepubertal monkey can result in a rise in FSH and that administration of
      charcoal-treated ovarian follicular fluid can suppress serum FSH in castrated
      prepubertal and adult rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6432592
TI  - Effects of short-term hyperprolactinemia on the endocrine reproductive system in
      male rabbits.
AB  - We have systematically studied the effects of short-term hyperprolactinemia on
      reproductive function in male rabbits. Purified ovine prolactin (PRL) was
      administered intravenously, as bolus injections or by constant infusion, to
      unanesthetized animals bearing two chronically implanted Silastic catheters;
      blood samples were obtained via the second catheter. Short-term
      hyperprolactinemia did not modify serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations in either castrated or intact rabbits.
      However, in spite of no changes in LH and FSH, short-term PRL administration
      lowered the serum testosterone (T) in intact animals. Furthermore, while PRL had
      no effect on the LH and FSH response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, it did
      inhibit the testicular secretion of T in response to the increased endogenous LH.
      PRL also inhibited human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated T secretion by the
      testes. All of these studies indicate that PRL interferes with the testicular
      response to LH. The fact that LH and FSH did not rise in response to the lowered
      T in intact animals suggested that PRL also altered the steroid feedback control
      of LH and FSH secretion. To assess this, PRL or saline was repeatedly injected
      after castration. PRL prevented the postcastration rise in LH and FSH. These
      studies indicate that PRL acts at at least two sites in the reproductive system
      in rabbits: (1) directly at a gonadal level by interfering with gonadotropin
      action and (2) at a hypothalamic-pituitary central level by preventing the
      expected rise in gonadotropins in response to low gonadal steroids.

PMID- 6432593
TI  - Viral hepatitis update: transmission and outcome.

PMID- 6432594
TI  - [Arndt-Gottron scleromyxedema and associated phenomena].
AB  - Scleromyxedema is an uncommon fibromucinous connective tissue disease
      characterized by accumulation of mucinous material in the dermis. A monoclonal
      paraprotein is regularly identified. A review of the literature (57 cases) shows
      the exceptional association of scleromyxedema with multiple myeloma (8.7%) and
      macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom (3.5%). A man with scleromyxedema, IgG lambda
      paraproteinemia, and sclerodactylia--as a special sign of scleromyxedema--is
      reported. Melphalan is the drug of choice in serious cases, but not effective in
      sclerodactylia.

PMID- 6432595
TI  - Is there a place for beta-carotene/canthaxanthin in photochemotherapy for
      psoriasis?
AB  - A randomised study of beta-carotene/canthaxanthin or placebo in chronic plaque
      psoriasis has failed to show any significant difference in the time to clearing
      and in the total accumulative dose required. Orange discolouration and
      hyperpigmentation of the skin occurred in the test group. In patients studied
      outside the randomised comparison, 2 patients who had not been able to tolerate
      PUVA therapy because of burning were subsequently able to do so when beta
      carotene/canthaxanthin was added to their treatment regimen.

PMID- 6432596
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa treated with oral disodium cromoglycate.
AB  - 4 patients with urticaria pigmentosa were treated with oral disodium cromoglycate
      (DSCG) for 2 months. During the treatment urine excretion of the main histamine
      metabolite, 1,4-methylimidazoleacetic acid (MIAA), was determined, and sequential
      skin biopsies were examined. DSCG was found to have beneficial effect on pruritus
      and whealing in 3 patients. The one treatment failure was in a patient without
      pruritus. The skin lesions remained unchanged. DSCG treatment had no effect on
      MIAA excretion or on the number of mast cells found in the skin biopsies.

PMID- 6432597
TI  - Ornithine uptake by isolated hepatocytes and distribution within the cell.
AB  - Uptake of ornithine by isolated hepatocytes and its distribution within the cell
      was investigated. Ornithine uptake was energy independent and exhibited a
      saturable and a nonsaturable component. The Km value of the saturable component
      was 1.3 mM. At an external ornithine concentration of 0.5 mM the rate of
      ornithine uptake was 127 +/- 19 nmol/g. Lysine inhibited ornithine uptake,
      indicating the existence of an ornithine transport system. It was concluded that
      ornithine transport can limit urea synthesis in the state of transition from a
      low ammonia to a high ammonia supply.

PMID- 6432598
TI  - The cytosol origin of macromolecules extruded by cultured chick embryo fibroblast
      cells.
AB  - The DNA and protein extruded by chick embryo fibroblast cells has been analysed
      by chromatography. A high proportion of the DNA is in the form of a protein
      complex of size around 5 X 10(5) dalton. The patterns of the DNA and protein
      extruded into the supernatant are closely similar in many respects to those found
      in the cell cytosol. It is concluded that the macromolecular material extruded by
      cells in culture is of cytosol origin: a possible function in terms of
      "information" carriage is proposed.

PMID- 6432599
TI  - The uptake of ornithine and lysine by isolated hepatocytes and fibroblasts.
AB  - The uptake of ornithine and lysine by isolated hepatocytes and cultured human
      skin fibroblasts were studied. Both types of cells can accumulate these amino
      acids via a saturable and a non-saturable process, the latter being active at
      high substrate concentration. The apparent Km for ornithine and lysine for the
      saturable process in hepatocytes were 0.26 and 0.94 mM respectively, those values
      for fibroblasts were found to be 0.43 and 0.57 mM respectively. Fractionation of
      the cells by the digitonin technique into a cytosolic compartment and a
      particulate compartment, showed that a rapid equilibration occurs between the
      external medium and the cytosolic compartment of hepatocytes and fibroblasts.

PMID- 6432600
TI  - DNA-cytosine-5-methyltransferase from P815 mouse mastocytoma cells: "maintenance"
      and "de novo" activities are carried out by the same enzyme molecule.
AB  - DNA-5-methyltransferase has been purified (about 1400-fold) from rapidly
      proliferating mouse P815 mastocytoma cells by chromatographies on DEAE cellulose,
      hydroxyapatite and a heparine-agarose affinity step. The isolated enzyme has an
      isoelectric point of 7.3 and in neutral 10-30% glycerol gradient it bands in an
      area corresponding to molecular weight of 135,000 dalton. During the enzymatic
      reaction, the enzyme first interacts with DNA and then accomplishes a series of
      methyl group transfers without being detached. The formation of the initial DNA
      enzyme complexes is probably random and independent of the cofactor, S-adenosyl-L
      methionine, as well as the sequences recognized as methylation sites. The
      "maintenance" and "de novo" types of activity have been monitored using
      hemimethylated and completely unmethylated DNA as methyl group accepting
      polymers. Both these activities copurify in three different chromatographic
      procedures. This, together with the fact that the enzyme purified near to
      homogeneity possesses both types of activities suggests that "de novo" and
      "maintenance" DNA methyltransferase activities are exercised by the same enzyme
      molecule.

PMID- 6432601
TI  - The binding and hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus)
      as shown by 31P NMR.
AB  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that heavily inactivated
      phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) initially caused line broadening in the 31P
      resonance from sphingomyelin thus indicating enzyme-lipid association. Using
      larger amounts of enzyme or longer preincubation caused a displacement of the 31P
      resonance to a position suggesting phosphorylcholine formation. Incubation of the
      heavily inactivated enzyme with a phosphonolipid caused a displacement of the 31P
      resonance suggesting hydrolysis.

PMID- 6432602
TI  - Rat liver microsomal cholesterol biosynthesis and drug oxidase activity are
      affected by chromium ions (Cr3+) in vitro.
AB  - Chromium ions (Cr3+)evoked a biphasic curve of changes of rat liver microsomal
      cholesterol biosynthesis using [14C]acetate and/or [14C]mevalonate as precursors.
      While for the lower range of Cr3+ concentrations the rate of cholesterol
      biosynthesis rises, at concentrations above 8 X 10(-6) M they evoke a decrease in
      the cholesterol biosynthesis, up to 50% down on its control value at a
      concentration of 8 X 10(-4) M. Differences were more pronounced when using
      [14C]mevalonate instead of [14C]acetate as precursor. The activity of the
      microsomal enzyme biphenyl-4-hydroxylase showed an equally intense rise to that
      of cholesterol biosynthesis up to a 8 X 10(-6) M Cr3+ concentration. Above this
      concentration, however, the activity of the enzyme starts to drop. NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase and NADPH-oxidase were decreased at all Cr3+
      concentrations used, which cover a 100-fold range. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the
      cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase demonstrated an uncompetitive
      mechanism of inhibition by Cr3+ ions. The results are discussed in terms of the
      possible significance of the Cr3+ concentration-dependent effects on cholesterol
      biosynthesis, with the observed atherosclerosis in Cr-deficient humans.

PMID- 6432603
TI  - LHRH rapidly stimulates phosphatidylinositol metabolism in enriched gonadotrophs.
AB  - The effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and human pancreatic
      growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF(1-40)-NH2) on phospholipid metabolism were
      studied in rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. In a 4-fold enriched
      population of gonadotrophs, 30 nM LHRH increased 32Pi incorporation into
      phosphatidic acid (PA) as early as 1 min after its addition. Phosphatidylinositol
      (PI) labeling was increased 1 min later. The stimulatory action of LHRH was
      observed in both phospholipids up to 100 min, the last time interval studied. The
      decapeptide did not affect 32Pi labeling of phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysoPC,
      phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine. Dose-response studies performed
      after 25 min of incubation showed an ED50 value of LHRH action at approximately 1
      nM for PI labeling. In contrast, the addition of 0.1 microM GRF to anterior
      pituitary cells enhanced 32Pi incorporation only into PC after a 60 min
      incubation period. The present data suggest that stimulation of acidic
      phospholipid metabolism, particularly an increase in PA-PI turnover, may
      represent an early event in the mechanism of action of LHRH but not GRF in the
      anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 6432604
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide causes a calcium-dependent stimulation of prolactin
      secretion in GH4C1 cells.
AB  - We have studied the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on PRL
      secretion in a Bio-Gel column parafusion system containing rat pituitary tumour
      cells (GH4C1). A dose-dependent increase in PRL release was observed with half
      maximal and maximal effect (2.1-fold) at 8 X 10(-8) and 5 X 10(-6) M,
      respectively. The PRL-stimulatory effect of VIP was instantaneous and maintained
      during the parafusion experiments (up to 60 min). On a molar basis VIP was always
      less effective than thyroliberin (THR), and the maximum stimulation of PRL
      release obtained with TRH was 1.2-3.0-fold higher (n = 12) than the maximum
      effect seen after VIP administration. The PRL-releasing effects of VIP, THR and
      high extracellular K+ were almost completely abolished in the presence of two
      inhibitors of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, CoCl2 (10(-3) M) and verapamil
      (10(-4) M). In Ca2+-free buffer VIP, TRH and high extracellular K+ had only
      negligible effects, but the responses were fully restored in the presence of
      normal concentrations of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast to TRH, VIP had no
      demonstrable effect on the Ca2+-dependent action potentials of the GH4 cells.

PMID- 6432605
TI  - Rat anterior pituitary cells maintained on artificial capillaries: responses of
      thyrotrophs and lactotrophs to depolarization, TRH and dopamine.
AB  - Rat anterior pituitary cells have been maintained over an 18-day period in a
      perfusion system designed around artificial capillaries. Using novel methodology
      the cells have been visualized by light microscopy and appear as aggregates,
      closely attached to and sometimes stretching around the capillaries. Their
      morphology is consistent with previous histology at the level of light
      microscopy. The techniques described are compatible with immunohistochemistry and
      electron microscopy. The functional integrity of thyrotrophs and lactotrophs
      maintained in the system has been examined by measuring the dynamics of TSH and
      PRL secretion in response to depolarization, TRH and dopamine (DA). TSH and PRL
      were significantly and reproducibly released by TRH over a 7-day period. On each
      day the release was dose-dependent with a threshold of at least 28 pg.
      Qualitatively the responses were rapid in onset (within minutes) for both
      hormones. Similar responses were measured in response to high K+ depolarization.
      Basal secretion of TSH and PRL was rapidly and significantly inhibited by DA in a
      dose-dependent manner (ED50 20 +/- 25 nM for TSH and 70 +/- 40 nM for PRL).
      Inhibition was dependent on the continued presence of DA and could be mimicked by
      bromocriptine and stereospecifically prevented by the active but not the inactive
      isomer of the DA receptor antagonist butaclamol. Simultaneous administration of
      10(-6) M DA with 10(-8) M TRH prevented the release of TSH and PRL. The effect of
      DA was transient, subsequent TRH responses being qualitatively and quantitatively
      normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432606
TI  - Regulation of tyrosine-specific kinase activity at fertilization.
AB  - The sea urchin egg contains a protein kinase which phosphorylates tyrosine
      residues of endogenous membrane proteins as well as synthetic peptide substrates.
      Fertilization results in an increase in tyrosine kinase activity which first
      becomes apparent 20-30 min postinsemination and continues throughout the early
      cleavage stages. This effect can be duplicated by treating unfertilized eggs with
      the calcium ionophore A23187. The kinase activity begins to increase about 20 min
      after addition of the ionophore and continues to increase for at least 1 hr. Both
      the time course and the extent of kinase activity in ionophore treated eggs
      closely resemble the effects of fertilization. The concentration of ionophore
      necessary to induce the increase in enzyme activity (2-5 microM) is also
      effective in inducing the cortical reaction. Neither A23187 nor calcium has a
      significant effect on the kinase activity of egg homogenates solubilized in NP40,
      suggesting that the ionophore affects tyrosine phosphorylation indirectly,
      possibly acting through other calcium-sensitive enzymes.

PMID- 6432607
TI  - Identification and cytogenetic localization of vitelline membrane messenger RNAs
      in Drosophila.
AB  - During stages 9 and 10 of oogenesis in Drosophila the major proteins involved in
      vitelline membrane (VM) formation are synthesized and secreted by the somatic
      follicle cells surrounding the oocyte. To identify potential mRNAs involved in VM
      protein synthesis, newly synthesized poly(A)-containing RNA from egg chambers of
      different developmental stages was studied. Urea-agarose gel electrophoresis
      revealed two RNA bands in stage 10 egg chambers in the size range expected for
      those which encode the smaller VM proteins. These RNA bands, T1 and T2, are
      specifically enriched in stage 10 follicle cell preparations. In vitro
      translations in reticulocyte lysates in the absence and presence of microsomal
      membranes showed both RNA bands code for products that are synthesized in
      precursor forms which are processed to species that comigrate with VM proteins.
      T2 directed the synthesis of processed species that comigrated with the 23- to 24
      kDa and 17.5-kDa VM proteins (J. Fargnoli and G.L. Waring, 1982, Dev. Biol. 92,
      306-314) while the T1 translation product comigrated with the 14-kDa protein. To
      determine the cytogenetic location of the genes encoding T1 and T2 RNAs,
      radiolabeled T1 and T2 RNAs were hybridized in situ to salivary gland
      chromosomes. The results suggest that the structural genes coding for the small
      vitelline membrane proteins are localized at two sites on the second chromosome:
      39DE and 42A.

PMID- 6432608
TI  - Gene expression during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis: analysis by in situ
      hybridization to tissue sections.
AB  - The pattern of gene expression for specific genes during oogenesis has been
      examined by in situ hybridization to RNA in sectioned ovarian preparations. The
      accumulation (1) of RNA complementary to heat-shock genes, both before and after
      heat shock; (2) of RNA complementary to three lambda phage recombinants which
      contain sequences expressed during oogenesis; and (3) of RNA complementary to the
      rudimentary gene have been analyzed. Gene expression in the ovaries is found to
      be dependent on both the cell type and the developmental stage of the ovarian
      chamber. In the nurse cells, the onset of vitellogenesis (stages 8-11) appears to
      be accompanied by a substantial activation of many different genes and there is a
      pronounced increase in the level of accumulation of complementary RNAs. Moreover,
      much of the RNA synthesized in nurse cells during vitellogenesis is ultimately
      transported into the growing oocyte where it accumulates. It is likely that this
      accumulation of RNA provides a source of gene products, either as message or
      proteins, for embryogenesis.

PMID- 6432609
TI  - Altered responses to androgen in diabetic male rats.
AB  - In male rats, experimentally induced diabetes mellitus has been reported to be
      associated with reduced serum levels of gonadotropins and testosterone as well as
      decreased sex accessory organ weights. The purpose of the present study was to
      determine if the decreased accessory organ weights and gonadotropin levels
      observed in diabetic animals result from alterations in the ability of target
      tissues to respond to testosterone. Adult, male, Wistar rats were injected with
      streptozotocin (STZ) and either maintained as untreated diabetics or treated with
      daily injections of insulin. Semi-starved animals were included to control for
      any effects on the reproductive system due to body weight change alone. These
      three groups, plus intact controls, were maintained for 30 days with one-half of
      the animals from each group receiving silastic tubing implants of testosterone of
      various lengths. It was determined that, in uncontrolled diabetic and semi
      starved animals, the serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone were decreased, as
      were the weights of seminal vesicles and ventral prostate glands. Insulin
      treatment restored LH, FSH, and testosterone levels to normal. Sex accessory
      glands exhibited slight, but significant, recovery in diabetic animals treated
      with insulin. Implants of testosterone that resulted in physiologic serum levels
      of testosterone were effective in depressing serum LH and FSH levels as well as
      in maintaining normal seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights in control and
      semi-starved animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432610
TI  - Mechanism of improvement in glucose metabolism after chronic glyburide therapy.
AB  - The effect of glyburide on glucose metabolism was examined in 10 non-insulin
      dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM) and 7 young, control subjects. After 3 mo of
      glyburide treatment in NIDDM, fasting plasma glucose declined from 198 to 141
      mg/dl (P less than 0.01) without change in fasting insulin levels. Basal hepatic
      glucose production (HGP) was slightly elevated in NIDDM versus controls (2.35
      versus 2.18 mg/kg X min, P = NS) and was positively correlated with the fasting
      glucose concentration (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001). With chronic glyburide
      therapy, HGP declined to 1.72 mg/kg X min (P less than 0.01 versus preglyburide)
      and remained highly correlated with the fasting glucose concentration (r = 0.85,
      P less than 0.005). Basal glucose clearance in NIDDM was reduced by 48% compared
      with age-matched controls (1.22 versus 2.32 ml/kg X min, P less than 0.001) and
      was unchanged after 3 mo of glyburide. Thus, the most important factor
      responsible for the decline in fasting plasma glucose concentration was an
      inhibition of hepatic glucose output. The decrease in basal hepatic glucose
      production and fasting plasma glucose concentration occurred without any change
      in fasting plasma insulin or C-peptide concentration. Insulin-mediated glucose
      metabolism (insulin clamp technique) was reduced by 55% in NIDDM (2.91 versus
      6.39 mg/kg X min, P less than 0.001). After glyburide, insulin-mediated glucose
      metabolism increased by 26% to 3.67 mg/kg X min (P less than 0.01). This increase
      in tissue sensitivity to insulin was unassociated with any change in insulin
      binding to monocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432611
TI  - Possible dissociation between insulin binding and insulin action in isolated
      fetal rat hepatocytes.
AB  - To directly examine the relationship between insulin receptors and insulin action
      in fetal tissue, we compared insulin receptor characteristics and insulin
      mediated 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen, as well as glycogen synthase
      activity, in freshly isolated hepatocytes from 21-day fetal (F) and adult (A)
      rats. Viability of hepatocytes was documented by trypan blue exclusion (greater
      than 90%), time-dependent 14C-leucine incorporation into protein, and dose
      related incorporation of glucose into glycogen. Percent specific binding of 125I
      insulin per unit protein was significantly higher in F than A liver plasma
      membranes (32.2 +/- 0.3 versus 18 +/- 2.4; P less than 0.01) and Scatchard plots
      revealed twice the number of receptors in F. Similarly, receptor number per cell
      surface area was threefold higher in F than in A (150 versus 50 sites/micron2).
      At a fixed medium glucose concentration of 11.2 mM, insulin stimulated 14C
      glucose incorporation into glycogen in a dose-related manner in A with an
      apparent Km of 1.0 ng/ml and Vmax at 5-10 ng/ml corresponding to 30-40% of total
      receptor occupancy; no effect was obtained in F with insulin up to 100 ng/ml. Net
      glucose incorporation into glycogen (nmol/10(6) cells/h) increased progressively
      with increasing medium glucose concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 27.8 mM;
      incorporation by F was significantly greater than by A at each glucose
      concentration. However, whereas insulin at 100 ng/ml significantly augmented net
      glucose incorporation at each glucose concentration in A, no effect of insulin
      was apparent in F.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432612
TI  - Renal subcapsular islet cell transplantation.
AB  - Islet cell transplantation has been associated with ultimate graft rejection.
      This preliminary study investigates the use of the renal subcapsular region as a
      site for placement of canine islet cell allografts. A new noncollagenase
      mechanical technique was used for preparation of the allografts. Animals in group
      I (N = 6) died of hyperglycemia in 4.0 +/- 1.89 days (X +/- SD) after
      pancreatectomy without subsequent islet cell transplant. Normoglycemia and
      excellent survival (greater than 60 days) was obtained in pancreatectomized
      animals in group II (N = 6) and in group III (N = 6), who received an islet cell
      allograft to the renal subcapsular site. Group II recipients were given no
      immunosuppression, and animals in group III received minimal immunosuppression
      with azathioprine. Dependence on the islet cell allograft for maintenance of
      normoglycemia was confirmed in the majority of the recipients by nephrectomy, to
      remove the graft, with resulting hyperglycemia and death. One normoglycemic
      animal in group II died on day 6 from peritonitis. One recipient in group II was
      normoglycemic at greater than 1 mo after removal of the first graft by
      nephrectomy, followed by retransplantation of islet cells from a third-party
      donor. Two other recipients are being studied on a long-term basis, and have been
      normoglycemic for greater than 6 mo and greater than 4 mo after transplantation.
      These studies encourage further investigation in this area for application of
      islet cell transplantation in man, and elucidation of the possible mechanisms for
      prolongation of islet cell allograft survival at the renal subcapsular site.

PMID- 6432613
TI  - Hearing loss in Hunter's syndrome--mucopolysaccharidosis II.
AB  - Hunter's syndrome [mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II)] is a genetic, metabolic
      disease of excessive mucopolysaccharide storage leading to mental and skeletal
      abnormalities, distinctive facial features, and increased incidence of hearing
      loss. However, the hearing impairment in MPS II has not been well described in
      the literature. This paper examines the auditory aspects of MPS II by reviewing
      the literature and by presenting two affected brothers. Each subject had mixed
      hearing disorders, fluctuating between moderate and severe degrees associated
      with recurrent middle ear effusions. Hearing loss appears to be a frequent
      concomitant of MPS II and is usually of mixed nature. The conductive component
      may persist after myringotomy. Aggressive audiological and otological management
      are required to enhance communicative development.

PMID- 6432614
TI  - Assessing and diffusing today's medical technologies.

PMID- 6432616
TI  - [Differential expression of class II HLA antigens in human cells treated with
      gamma interferon].

PMID- 6432615
TI  - Clinical and neurophysiological studies with the aldose reductase inhibitor,
      sorbinil, in symptomatic diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - The effect of sorbinil (200 mg daily for 4 weeks) was examined in 13 patients,
      mean age 59.7 years (range 42-72 years), with symptomatic diabetic neuropathy of
      mean duration 6 year (range 1-18 years). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled
      crossover trial, studies were made of motor, sensory and autonomic nerve
      function, severity of painful symptoms and duration of sleep. One patient was
      withdrawn because of an adverse reaction to sorbinil. In the other 12, constant
      mean values for glycosylated haemoglobin A1 between 11% and 12% indicated stable
      though not ideal diabetic control throughout the study. Example values for nerve
      conduction velocity on placebo and active treatment were: 44.3 +/- 5.9 and 44.8
      +/- 5.1 metres/s (mean +/- SD) for median motor nerve, 38.4 +/- 8.2 and 37.2 +/-
      7.7 metres/s for median sensory nerve. Thus there was no significant effect of
      sorbinil on conduction velocity in these or any other of the motor and sensory
      nerves tested. Abnormal autonomic function was not improved by sorbinil.
      Subjective pain scores on a 10 cm visual analogue scale were 4.2 +/- 2.4 on
      placebo and 4.3 +/- 2.4 after sorbinil. Duration of sleep on placebo and active
      treatment was 6.1 +/- 1.6 and 6.2 +/- 1.7 h/night, respectively. We were not able
      to detect any beneficial effect of sorbinil on painful diabetic neuropathy in our
      patients.

PMID- 6432617
TI  - [Monotherapy of gonorrhea with new cephalosporins in cases of intrinsic or
      enzymatic resistance to penicillin G?].

PMID- 6432618
TI  - [Effects of enzyme inducers in various organs and animals on cyclophosphamide
      activation to mutagenic products in vitro].

PMID- 6432619
TI  - Cancer-associated alteration of beta-glucuronidase in human lung cancer: elevated
      activity and increased phosphorylation.
AB  - beta-Glucuronidase from human lung neoplasms of various histological types and
      from uninvolved tissues was studied. A significant elevation of beta
      glucuronidase activity was observed in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
      of the lung as compared with the corresponding uninvolved tissues (P less than
      0.01). Saccharo-1,4-lactone, a strong inhibitor of the enzyme, exhibited a
      substantially greater stabilizing effect on the adenocarcinoma enzyme than on the
      other enzymes. However, removal of the carbohydrate moiety from the
      adenocarcinoma enzyme by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase H
      (endoglycosidase H) brought about a decrease in the stabilizing effect. Tumor
      beta-glucuronidase showed considerable negative charge heterogeneity in the pI
      range from 4.2 to 6.2 in isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. Upon
      treatment with exogenous alkaline phosphatase or endoglycosidase H, the
      heterogenous variant forms of the tumor enzyme appeared to partly or completely
      lose their negative charge and to be converted into forms similar to those of the
      normal lung enzyme. These data strongly suggest that the variants are highly
      phosphorylated on the oligosaccharide chains of the enzyme. An experiment on the
      labelling of beta-glucuronidase with [32P]-phosphoric acid provided further
      evidence that the acidic variants found in lung cancers are extensively
      phosphorylated forms of the enzyme.

PMID- 6432620
TI  - [Combined use of plasma substitutes and mannitol for the treatment of acute
      experimental hemorrhage].

PMID- 6432621
TI  - [Prevention of immunization of CCdee genotype donors with erythrocytes of ccDee
      genotype].

PMID- 6432622
TI  - [Preparation of universal anti-Rh serum using fruglumin].

PMID- 6432623
TI  - [Effect of supplementary nasogastric tube feeding on the fatty acid spectrum of
      burn patients].

PMID- 6432624
TI  - Effects of catecholaminergic agonists and antagonists on serum gonadotropin
      concentrations and ovulation in goldfish: evidence for specificity of dopamine
      inhibition of gonadotropin secretion.
AB  - The elevated serum gonadotropin (GtH) levels in goldfish receiving two injections
      of des Gly10, [D-Ala6] LH-RH ethylamide (LH-RH-A), given 12-hr apart, were
      reduced by apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, injected at either the first or the
      second LH-RH-A injection. Serum GtH concentrations in goldfish given two
      injections of LH-RH-A at a 3-hr interval were also depressed by bromocriptine, a
      specific D-2 dopamine receptor agonist, administered simultaneously with both LH
      RH-A injections. Injections of dopamine antagonists, pimozide or metoclopramide
      (a specific D-2 antagonist) caused increased serum GtH concentrations in normal
      goldfish, but no changes were found following injections of the alpha-adrenergic
      antagonist phentolamine, the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, or the
      sympathomimetic agent octopamine. Injection of pimozide or metoclopramide at the
      time of the second of two LH-RH-A injections given at an interval of 12 hr
      potentiated the LH-RH-A-induced increase in serum GtH concentrations; injections
      of phentolamine, propranolol, or octopamine did not alter the response to LH-RH
      A. Injections of pimozide or metoclopramide also increased the frequency of
      ovulation in LH-RH-A-injected gravid female goldfish. These results suggest that
      stimulation of dopamine receptors can block the potentiating effect of multiple
      injections of GtH-releasing hormone, as well as ongoing LH-RH-A-stimulated
      release. The results also indicate that the dopamine inhibition of GtH secretion
      is specific and may be mediated by receptors resembling the D-2 type receptors in
      mammals.

PMID- 6432625
TI  - Pituitary gonadotropin release by graded electrical stimulation of the preoptic
      area in the male bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
AB  - Acute (5 min) graded electrical stimulation (biphasic pulses: amplitude, 50, 200,
      and 500 microA; frequency, 10 Hz; duration, 0.5 msec) of the medial preoptic area
      (including the medial and lateral septal nuclei and amygdala, pars medialis)
      induced significant elevations in circulating gonadotropins (more luteinizing
      hormone, LH, than follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) in male bullfrogs, Rana
      catesbeiana. Pituitary response to all currents was rapid and of brief duration;
      levels of plasma gonadotropins (LH and FSH) peaked at 5 min (the end of
      stimulation) and decreased rapidly thereafter (LH by at least 50% after 30 min).
      A stimulus-response relationship was apparent; the magnitude of LH maxima was
      directly dependent on current intensity between 50 and 500 microA. In general,
      pituitary responses characteristic of acute electrical stimulation were similar
      to those induced by injection of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
      This is the first direct physiological demonstration of GnRH-like activity in the
      brain of the bullfrog.

PMID- 6432626
TI  - Ecdysteroids in the shrimp Palaemon serratus: relations with molt cycle.
AB  - Ecdysteroids were studied during the molt cycle of the shrimp Palaemon serratus
      using radioimmunoassay and HPLC. Continuous presence of ecdysteroids was observed
      in whole extracts, with two hormonal peaks: a minor peak during stage B and a
      major one during stage D2. The ecdysteroid titers were generally higher in
      females than in males. The ecdysteroid peak at stage B was more pronounced in the
      integument (cuticle and epidermis) than in other tissues and, at this time, 20
      hydroxyecdysone was the predominant form. The observed 20-hydroxyecdysone peaks
      in stages B and D2 are correlatable to the previously reported rise in
      integumental carbonic anhydrase activity.

PMID- 6432627
TI  - A comparison of the luteinizing hormone-releasing activities of synthetic chicken
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), synthetic porcine LH-RH, and
      buserelin, an LH-RH analogue, in the domestic fowl.
AB  - The luteinizing hormone-releasing activities of synthetic chicken luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone (chLH-RH), synthetic porcine LH-RH (pLH-RH), and an
      analogue of LH-RH (buserelin, D-Ser-(But)6-des-Gly10-LH-RH ethylamide) were
      compared in the domestic fowl. In adult cockerels, intravenous injections of 0.5
      or 1 microgram chLH-RH/kg released the same amount of LH as the same doses of pLH
      RH; subcutaneous injections of 0.5 or 1 microgram buserelin/kg were about twice
      as effective as the same doses of pLH-RH. In laying hens, injections of 1, 10,
      20, and 50 micrograms buserelin induced more sustained releases of LH than the
      corresponding doses of pLH-RH. Daily injections of 1 or 10 micrograms
      buserelin/bird or of 10 micrograms pLH-RH/bird for 12 days synchronized the
      timing of most ovipositions showing that the injections of releasing hormone
      could induce preovulatory surges of LH. In contrast with mammals, daily
      injections of buserelin in laying hens did not reduce pituitary responsiveness to
      the analogue. It is concluded that the structural difference between mammalian
      and chicken LH-RH does not affect their LH-releasing activities in the domestic
      fowl. Although the LH-releasing activity of buserelin in the hen is greater than
      that of pLH-RH, the difference in activity is not as great as that observed in
      most mammals. This view is strengthened by the finding that chronic treatment
      with buserelin, which exerts an antagonistic effect on ovulation in mammals, does
      not do so in the domestic hen.

PMID- 6432628
TI  - Stimulation of growth hormone secretion in dwarf chickens by thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH) or human pancreatic growth-hormone-releasing factor
      (hpGRF).
AB  - The basal plasma growth hormone (GH) level in adult sex-linked dwarf hens was
      elevated in comparison with autosomal dwarf hens and with control (Cornell K
      strain) laying hens. The iv administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) (10 micrograms/kg) had no effect on GH secretion in control hens but
      slightly (1.2-fold) and transiently (for 10 min) increased the GH level in the
      autosomal dwarfs and greatly (8.7-fold) increased the GH level in the sex-linked
      dwarfs, in which it remained elevated for at least 30 min after injection. The iv
      administration of human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (hpGRF) (10 micrograms/kg)
      stimulated GH release in each strain. The response in the sex-linked dwarfs was
      greater than that in the autosomal dwarfs and the control hens but less than that
      elicited by TRH. These results suggest that the increased basal GH level in the
      sex-linked dwarfs results from an increased responsiveness to provocative
      stimulation.

PMID- 6432629
TI  - NMR studies on interactions of ribonuclease Sa with Guo-3'-P.
AB  - Some features of the interaction of guanyloribonuclease Sa from Streptomyces
      aureofaciens with its competitive inhibitor Guo-3'-P were investigated by 1H and
      31P NMR spectroscopy. The pH dependence of chemical shifts of C(2)-H protons of
      the histidine residue of the enzyme were analysed, in the absence and presence of
      Guo-3'-P. This analysis showed that only one of the two histidines of
      ribonuclease Sa is located in the active site of the enzyme. 31P NMR resonances
      of the nucleotide and of its complex with the enzyme indicated that this
      histidine interacts with the phosphate group of the substrate. The possible
      relationship between the observed perturbation of the NMR titration curve of the
      active site of histidine and a conformational change in the enzyme molecule at a
      pH of approximately 7.5 is also discussed.

PMID- 6432630
TI  - Redistribution of intracellular Ca2+ in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The fluorescent probe chlortetracycline (CTC) was used to investigate
      redistribution of intracellular Ca2+ in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. The addition of the mitogen to CTC-equilibrated
      lymphocytes induced (within 10 to 15 minutes) a Con A-concentration dependent
      decrease in CTC fluorescence indicating the release of membrane-bound Ca2+. The
      effect was independent of the level of extracellular Ca2+ and could be observed
      in the presence of EGTA; it was suppressed by the metabolic inhibitors FCCP,
      antimycin and sodium cyanide. Analysis of the excitation spectra of CTC
      fluorescence indicated that the observed effect is caused by redistribution of
      intracellular Ca2+ rather than Mg2+. Thus the lectin interaction with the
      lymphocyte plasma membrane results in Ca2+ release into the cytosol from the
      intracellular stores.

PMID- 6432631
TI  - Characterization of endogenous phosphorylation in isolated cardiac sarcolemma.
AB  - The cardiac sarcolemma contains kinases which catalyze the incorporation of 32P
      phosphate into acid stable and acid precipitable membrane components of low
      molecular weight. The phosphorylation is not influenced by cyclic AMP or
      calmodulin. Analysis of phosphorylation products using proteolytic digestion,
      organic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography and gel filtration reveals
      both polypeptides and lipids as kinase substrates. Polypeptides are
      phosphorylated at their serine and threonine residues, while lipid
      phosphorylation gives rise to 32P-labelled phosphatidylinositol phosphates and
      some nonidentified compounds. Phosphorylated polypeptides and phosphorylated
      lipids do not separate in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On the basis of
      the fast time course of 32P-phosphate incorporation, it may be supposed that
      endogenous phosphorylation may play a role in the short term regulation of the
      cardiac sarcolemmal function.

PMID- 6432632
TI  - [Cloning of the Bacillus subtilis DNA fragment containing the genes for lysine
      and riboflavin biosynthesis].
AB  - The SalI fragment of chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis carrying the gene for
      lysine biosynthesis and the regulatory operator region (ribO) from the riboflavin
      gene was cloned into Escherichia coli cells. This fragment was shown to contain
      the gene coding for lysine synthesizing enzyme. Localization of this gene in Bac.
      subtili was determined. New plasmids pLRS33 and pLRB4 were constructed using
      pBR322; they carry a fragment homologous to pLP102 plasmid containing the operon
      for riboflavin biosynthesis.

PMID- 6432633
TI  - Genetic variation in the dietary sucrose modulation of enzyme activities in
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6432634
TI  - Early organogenesis of human small intestine: scanning electron microscopy and
      brush border enzymology.
AB  - Human small bowel early organogenesis was studied by scanning electron microscopy
      and found to be correlated to brush border enzymology. The appearance of the
      brush border enzymes sucrase, lactase, and aminopeptidase (measured in a purified
      apical membrane fraction) coincides with the first outgrowth of villi (eight
      weeks). Alkaline phosphatase was detected at seven weeks. The content of these
      enzymes furthermore increased up to the 14th week when both sucrase and
      aminopeptidase activities were comparable with adult values.

PMID- 6432635
TI  - Effect of pectin on jejunal glucose absorption and unstirred layer thickness in
      normal man.
AB  - The effect of high methoxy apple pectin, a carbohydrate gelling agent, on the
      intestinal absorption of glucose, water, and sodium was studied in man. The
      effect of intraluminal fibre was evaluated in 22 healthy volunteers by the
      intestinal perfusion technique under an occlusive balloon. The test solutions
      (NaCl 130 mM, KCl 5 mM, glucose or mannitol 30 mM, PEG 4000 5 g/l) were perfused
      just beyond the ligament of Treitz at a rate of 10 ml/min. A 25 cm segment was
      studied. Three concentrations of pectin were tested: 6, 10, and 15 g/l. The
      effect of this pectin at two concentrations, 6 and 10 g/l, on the jejunal
      unstirred layer thickness was evaluated in nine other healthy subjects by an
      electrical technique. In mannitol solution, pectin reversed water and sodium
      absorption, whatever its concentration was, while in glucose solution it
      significantly reduced absorption of water and sodium at 10 and 15 g/l only (p
      less than 0.01). It significantly reduced glucose absorption at all
      concentrations (p less than 0.01). This reduction was found to be correlated with
      the solution viscosity (p less than 0.01). Pectin did not alter the glucose
      dependent sodium transport but increased significantly (p less than 0.001) the
      unstirred layer thickness. These results suggested that, in healthy man, pectin
      acutely given may impair intestinal absorption by means of an increased unstirred
      layer resistance. This effect could contribute to the diminished postprandial
      glycaemia observed in human subjects fed pectin.

PMID- 6432636
TI  - The effect of chemotherapy on lymphocyte subpopulations and cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Chemotherapy using adriamycin with cyclophosphamide, and cyclophosphamide with
      hexamethylmelamine or with alkeran causes no significant reduction in the total
      lymphocyte count, in the percentage subpopulations of T cells and B cells or in
      mononuclear cell cytotoxicity in patients with Stage II carcinoma of the ovary
      during their first course of chemotherapy.

PMID- 6432637
TI  - Evidence for associations of DA-DAPI fluorescent regions in a subset of
      peripheral blood lymphocyte nuclei in man (Homo sapiens L.) and domestic pig (Sus
      scrofa dom. L.).

PMID- 6432638
TI  - Possible mechanism of action of ticlopidine on committed granulocyte macrophage
      precursors.

PMID- 6432639
TI  - Clinical evaluation of erythrocyte zinc-protoporphyrin as a parameter of iron
      status in man.

PMID- 6432640
TI  - Cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A
      survey of 94 cases.

PMID- 6432641
TI  - Philadelphia chromosome-positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Serial
      chromosome studies in 5 patients.

PMID- 6432642
TI  - Rate of M-component changes and clinical course of 23 responsive myeloma
      patients.

PMID- 6432643
TI  - Prolonged reticulocytopenia and transient erythroid hypoplasia in a child with
      autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.

PMID- 6432644
TI  - Chronic granulocytic leukemia with loss of Philadelphia chromosome and
      development of a Philadelphia negative diploid clone.

PMID- 6432645
TI  - Acute promyelocytic leukaemia developing in essential thrombocythaemia: blastic
      crisis or secondary acute leukaemia? Case report.

PMID- 6432646
TI  - Hodgkin's disease and pregnancy.

PMID- 6432647
TI  - T-cell subsets in children with pertussis.

PMID- 6432648
TI  - The immunohistological analysis of undecalcified human bone marrow trephine
      biopsies. Technical and diagnostic aspects.

PMID- 6432650
TI  - Comment related to the cytologic demonstration of Reed-Sternberg cells in the
      sputum from a patient with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6432649
TI  - Alpha-naphthyl-butyrate-esterase stain by Hemalog D reagents.

PMID- 6432651
TI  - Acquired factor VIII inhibitor in a non-haemophilic patient: successful treatment
      with plasma exchange associated with factor VIII concentrate and
      immunosuppressors.
AB  - We report the successful treatment of a 55-year-old man with an acquired factor
      VIII inhibitor, the appearance of which followed surgery for a carcinoma of the
      biliary tract. The patient, who had recurrent life-threatening bleeding episodes,
      was treated with intensive plasmapheresis, factor VIII concentrates, azathioprine
      and methylprednisolone. Disappearance of the inhibitor was observed after the
      second series of plasma exchanges. Controls 2 and 3 months after treatment
      confirmed the complete absence of the inhibitor and normal levels of factor VIII.
      The crucial role of plasma exchange is considered and discussed.

PMID- 6432652
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition combined with surgery for severe radiation
      enteritis].

PMID- 6432653
TI  - [Acid-base balance and respiratory gases in the pleural effusions of congestive
      heart failure].

PMID- 6432654
TI  - [Neurofibrosarcoma of the posterior mediastinum in neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6432655
TI  - [Laryngeal involvement in von Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6432656
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory activity of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent,
      oxaprozin, in experimental models].
AB  - Anti-inflammatory activity and mode of action of oxaprozin, a new non-steroidal
      anti-inflammatory agent, were investigated in experimental animal models and in
      vitro tests. Anti-inflammatory potency of oxaprozin was almost equal to that of
      aspirin in acetic acid vascular permeability, carrageenin hind paw edema, cotton
      pellet granuloma and adjuvant arthritis tests in rats. On the other hand, in
      mice, oxaprozin was more potent than aspirin, ibuprofen and phenylbutazone, and
      it was as potent as sulindac and fenbufen in acetic acid vascular permeability
      and carrageenin hind paw edema tests. In adrenalectomized rats, the anti-edema
      activity of oxaprozin in the carrageenin hind paw edema test was the same as that
      in intact rats. Oxaprozin inhibited erythema formation induced by ultra-violet
      rays in guinea pigs. The inhibitory potency of oxaprozin against prostaglandin E2
      biosynthesis in vitro was equal to that of ibuprofen. Oxaprozin showed a
      concentration-dependent inhibition of heat-induced denaturation of bovine serum
      albumin and lysis of rabbit erythrocytes in vitro. However, oxaprozin did not
      inhibit rat hind paw edemas induced by dextran, formalin and serotonin. It was
      suggested from these results that the mode of action of oxaprozin is similar to
      those of other acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ulcerogenicity of
      oxaprozin was weaker than those of phenylbutazone and aspirin in rats. Species
      differences in the metabolic rate of oxaprozin were shown. The blood
      concentration of oxaprozin in rats is extremely low because the metabolic rate of
      oxaprozin is rapid in rats. Therefore, in rats, oxaprozin exhibited a weak anti
      inflammatory effect. However, in mice, oxaprozin had a low metabolic rate, and
      the effect of oxaprozin was as potent as sulindac and fenbufen. The elimination
      half-life of oxaprozin is extended, 49 to 69 hr, in humans. It was suggested from
      these findings that oxaprozin is a potent and long acting anti-inflammatory drug
      in clinical use.

PMID- 6432657
TI  - [The inhibitory effect of oxaprozin, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,
      on platelet aggregation].
AB  - The inhibitory effects of oxaprozin, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,
      on platelet aggregation and prostaglandin (PG) synthetase activity were studied.
      In arachidonic acid (AA)-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro, oxaprozin
      exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, and its median inhibitory
      concentration was 124.2 microM. The effect of oxaprozin was less potent than that
      of indomethacin and piroxicam, equipotent as that of aspirin and phenylbutazone,
      and 2 times as potent as that of ibuprofen. In collagen-induced rat platelet
      aggregation ex vivo, oxaprozin showed a weak but significant inhibitory effect
      with oral dose of 300 mg/kg. Indomethacin, aspirin and ibuprofen exhibited an
      inhibitory effect with 100 mg/kg. Although phenylbutazone also exhibited an
      inhibitory effect with 300 mg/kg, the effect was more potent than that of
      oxaprozin. ADP-induced platelet aggregation both in rabbit in vitro and rat ex
      vivo was not affected by oxaprozin. Moreover, oxaprozin administered orally
      inhibited dose-dependently AA-induced pulmonary thrombotic mortality in mice, and
      its median effective dose was 56.4 mg/kg. The effect of oxaprozin was less potent
      than of sulindac, piroxicam and ibuprofen, equipotent as that of aspirin, and 5
      times as potent as that of phenylbutazone. On the other hand, oxaprozin inhibited
      dose-dependently PG synthetase activity. The inhibitory effect of oxaprozin was
      less potent than that of indomethacin and piroxicam, almost equipotent as that of
      ibuprofen, and more potent than that of phenylbutazone and aspirin. These results
      suggest that oxaprozin, like many other acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs, suppresses platelet aggregation by mainly inhibiting PG synthetase
      activity.

PMID- 6432658
TI  - Reproductive status of adult daughters in family groups of common marmosets
      (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).
AB  - Urine samples were collected from 6 pubertal female common marmosets at
      approximately 3-day intervals over a period of 3-7 months. All 6 females were the
      eldest daughters in their family groups. 3 of these females were subsequently
      removed from their families and sampled in isolation for another 2-3 months.
      Levels of urinary pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in order to establish whether these females showed ovarian
      cyclicity. No cyclical fluctuations in the levels of pregnanediol were observed
      in the females housed with their families even though the females were of a
      reproductively mature age. Cyclicity was quickly established (within 18-22 days)
      when the females were removed from the family. These results are discussed in the
      light of similar recent investigations on callitrichid reproduction and the
      behavioural implications are considered.

PMID- 6432659
TI  - Effect of dietary selenium on the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in turkeys.
AB  - To investigate the biochemical mechanism of the previously reported protective
      effect of dietary selenium against aflatoxin toxicity, the hepatic metabolism of
      aflatoxin B1 in turkey poults was examined at various dietary selenium
      concentrations. Diets were supplemented with 0.2, 2.0 or 4.0 ppm selenium (as
      sodium selenite) and 500 ng aflatoxin B1/g diet in an 18-day trial. Free and
      conjugated aflatoxin and metabolites were quantified using high-performance
      liquid chromatography. The proportion of liver aflatoxins in conjugated forms
      increased and the ratio of free aflatoxin B1/M1 decreased with increasing dietary
      selenium concentrations. These in vivo results provide evidence of selenium
      induced enhancement of aflatoxin detoxification processes. In a similar
      experiment using 2.0 ppm selenium and 750 ng aflatoxin B1/g diet, the
      concentration of hepatic reduced glutathione, cytochrome P-450 and the activity
      of enzymes involved in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and glutathione were
      determined. Although the selenium supplement increased glutathione peroxidase
      activity, dietary selenium had no effect on reduced glutathione or cytochrome P
      450 concentrations or on the activities of glutathione transferase E, glucuronyl
      transferase and cytochrome c reductase. These data indicate that the protective
      action of selenium is not mediated by an increase in glutathione availability for
      aflatoxin conjugation or by effects on the activities of these enzymes as
      measured in vitro.

PMID- 6432660
TI  - Elimination and distribution of 2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in laying hens.
AB  - Laying hens were given a single oral dose of 2,2',4,5'-tetrachloro[14C]biphenyl
      ([14C]TCB). Within 11 days of administration, 54.8% of the original dose was
      excreted in the faeces. Examination of eggs laid within this period showed that
      11.7% of the original dose was present in the yolks. The biological half-life of
      [14C]TCB in hens was 7 days. In hens killed on day 7, radioactivity could be
      detected in all the main tissues and organs. In both faeces and yolk, about 60%
      of the radioactivity could be attributed to metabolites.

PMID- 6432661
TI  - [Iatrogenic and environmentally dependent diseases of the skeletal system in old
      age].
AB  - After an introduction to the physiology of bone metabolism with special reference
      to old age, in a review, iatrogenic and environmental factors in the geriatric
      patient are discussed. Drugs, surgical procedures or ecological problems can
      cause osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteonecrosis, fluorosis or ectopic
      calcification.

PMID- 6432662
TI  - Cytochemistry for carbonic anhydrase activity in rat Brunner's gland.

PMID- 6432663
TI  - Variations data and the regulatory rationale.

PMID- 6432664
TI  - Variations in medical practice: implications for health policy.

PMID- 6432665
TI  - Variations in Medicare expenditures per elder.

PMID- 6432666
TI  - Dealing with medical practice variations: a proposal for action. ReViews.

PMID- 6432667
TI  - Dealing with medical practice variations: a proposal for action.

PMID- 6432668
TI  - Geographic variations in the use of services: do they have any clinical
      significance?

PMID- 6432669
TI  - Follow-up of circulating immune complexes in the course of acute viral hepatitis,
      and correlation with serologically relevant parameters.
AB  - Type A, type B and type non-A, non-B hepatitis patients were followed up. Several
      parameters were checked at ten day intervals. Circulating immune complexes (CIC)
      were detected in a large percentage of patients by using the PEG test and an
      assay that makes use of bovine conglutinin (K) as recognition unit, and an
      enzymatically labelled immune complex as the probe. The decrease in the mean
      level of CIC in the patients correlated with the decrease in serum transaminases
      and bilirubinaemia in type A and type B hepatitis. Although the pattern of the
      mean values of the two assays was similar for type A and type B hepatitis, when
      the two CIC assays were compared for each patient, no significant correlation was
      found. In light of these and previous results, the necessity for performing CIC
      monitoring with more than one assay is also discussed.

PMID- 6432670
TI  - Effects of anti-thyrotropin-releasing hormone anti-serum treatment during the
      neonatal period on the development of rat thyroid function.
AB  - Effects of anti-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) anti-serum treatment during
      the neonatal period on the development of rat thyroid function were studied. On
      postnatal days 2 and 4, rats were administered anti-TRH anti-serum ip, and they
      were serially decapitated at the 4th, 8th and 12th week after birth. TRH,
      thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) were measured
      by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) in the hypothalamus did not
      change significantly after anti-TRH anti-serum treatment, and plasma ir-TRH
      tended to decrease. The plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold were
      significantly inhibited. The plasma TSH response to TRH was also significantly
      inhibited. The plasma basal TSH levels were significantly lower than in controls.
      The plasma T4 and T3 levels were found to be lower than those in the controls.
      Findings suggested that treatment with anti-TRH anti-serum during the neonatal
      period disturbed the development of rat thyroid function, inhibiting TRH release
      and altering thyrotroph sensitivity to TRH.

PMID- 6432671
TI  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) distribution in the rat adrenal gland.

PMID- 6432672
TI  - Influence of intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone on serum calcium in
      patients with thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6432673
TI  - HCFA facing growing opposition to DRG weight cuts.

PMID- 6432674
TI  - Granulomatous prostatitis: distinction among allergic, nonspecific, and post
      transurethral resection lesions.
AB  - A variety of granulomatous lesions of the prostate, with and without extensive
      infiltration by eosinophils, have been described. Differing concepts of their
      pathogenesis, and especially of their relation to allergic states, have produced
      confusion and controversy. In a review of 62 patients in whom granulomatous
      lesions in the prostate were diagnosed from 1950 to 1982 at The Johns Hopkins
      Hospital, the authors identified four major categories. In nine cases specific
      granulomatous prostatitis was caused by tuberculosis and had typical caseous
      foci. Nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis was present in 31 cases. These
      lesions were densely cellular, granulomatous reactions extending throughout
      entire lobules; three were also characterized by extensive infiltration by
      eosinophils. Post-transurethral resection granulomas were found in 13 patients
      who had recently undergone prostatic surgery. These granulomas closely resembled
      rheumatoid nodules, and four were surrounded by numerous eosinophils. In nine
      patients the causes of granulomatous prostatitis were varied: two patients had
      malacoplakia, one had sarcoid, and six had foreign body-type granulomatous. No
      cases of allergic granulomatous prostatitis were identified. Nonspecific and post
      transurethral resection granulomatous prostatitis may both show abundant
      infiltration by eosinophils and appear histologically identical to the condition
      that has been described as allergic granulomatous prostatitis; however, in this
      series both occurred in the absence of asthma or other allergies. The distinction
      between the rare allergic granulomatous prostatitis, as a reflection of a more
      generalized allergic reaction, and both post-transurethral resection granulomas
      and nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis is important, given the differences in
      clinical outcome and treatment.

PMID- 6432675
TI  - Hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system: nature of the stromal cells as
      studied by the immunoperoxidase technique.
AB  - Ten hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system were examined by an
      immunoperoxidase technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100
      protein, and Factor VIII-related antigen to determine the origin of the stromal
      cells. In seven cases scattered stromal cells were positive for GFAP, and eight
      cases showed variable numbers of S-100 protein-positive cells. These positive
      cells were present throughout the tumors. S-100 protein-positive stromal cells
      corresponded to GFAP-positive cells, but the former were more numerous than the
      latter. Staining for Factor VIII-related antigen was negative in stromal cells,
      except in endothelial cells lining capillaries. It was suggested that stromal
      cells of capillary hemangioblastomas are composed by heterogeneous cell
      populations.

PMID- 6432676
TI  - A study of lactose absorption capacity in twins.
AB  - Lactose absorption capacity was determined by lactose tolerance tests with breath
      hydrogen determination in 102 healthy, adult, Hungarian pairs of twins in order
      to test monogenic Mendelian inheritance of the absorptive lactase phenotypes,
      lactose absorber and lactose malabsorber. Of the total, 52 pairs were monozygous
      (MZ) and 50 dizygous (DZ) twins of identical sex. All MZ twins were concordant
      with respect to lactase phenotype. Among DZ twins, the distribution of lactase
      phenotypes was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations derived from the
      frequencies of the hypolactasia gene in DZ and MZ twins, and in the general
      Budapest population. In the second part of the study, three commonly used methods
      of lactose tolerance testing, the blood glucose, the blood galactose, and the
      breath hydrogen tests, were compared in 49 pairs of twins concordant for lactase
      phenotype. Blood galactose concentration showed the greatest and only significant
      difference between the intrapair correlation coefficients of MZ and DZ, and no
      overlap between lactose absorbers and lactose malabsorbers. The intrapair
      correlation coefficients of peak breath hydrogen concentration in MZ and DZ twins
      did not significantly differ from zero, but the resolution of lactase phenotypes
      was satisfactory. Differences in glucose absorption and concentration in lactose
      absorbers and malobsorbers overlapped considerably, and among lactose absorbers
      correlation coefficients in DZ were higher than in MZ twins. In MZ and DZ twins,
      the difference in concordance and constancy of lactose intolerance symptoms was
      not significant.

PMID- 6432677
TI  - Third example of anti-Tar and segregation of the Tar (Targett, Rh 40) antigen in
      a Danish family.
AB  - The third example of anti-Tar and a large Danish pedigree in which Tar antigen is
      segregating with the Rh haplotype CDTe are reported.

PMID- 6432678
TI  - Further biochemical studies of the human B-cell differentiation antigens B1 and
      B2.
AB  - Two human B lymphocyte-associated antigens, B1 and B2, were studied by
      immunoprecipitation using monoclonal antibodies. B1 was found to be a
      nonglycosylated protein of MW 35 kD, phosphorylated at serine and threonine. B2,
      a 140 kD MW antigen, was characterized as a glycoprotein without phosphorylated
      sites. Both proteins were found to contain portions which could be labeled with
      125I-iodonaphthylazide. The B1 protein displayed hydrophobic properties whereas
      B2 had a more amphiphilic character.

PMID- 6432679
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to murine immunoglobulin isotypes.
AB  - We have obtained cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against mu, alpha,
      lambda, and lambda 1 by fusing the mouse myeloma P3X63Ag8.653 with spleen cells
      from Lewis rats immunized with several lambda 1 bearing myeloma proteins. The
      anti-lambda 1 antibody is particularly useful. It was shown to be suitable for
      radioimmunoassays, for ELISAs when coupled to alkaline phosphatase, and for
      indirect fluorescence staining of the membrane as well as the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6432680
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for the b5 allotype of rabbit kappa light chains.
AB  - The mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb), 3B5 and 4B5, which recognize rabbit kappa
      light chains bearing the b5 allotype, were produced from separate fusions. The
      specificity of the mAbs was determined by solid-phase inhibition
      radioimmunoassay. Nonimmune sera of 15 b5b5 rabbits of various heavy chain
      haplotypes inhibited the binding of both mAbs to b5 IgG, whereas 20 sera from
      rabbits not expressing the b5 allotype were not inhibitory. In addition, the
      binding of both mAbs was inhibited by purified b5 light chains, but not by b4
      light chains. The b5 epitope recognized by the mAbs was shown by sequential
      precipitation to be present on all b5-bearing molecules that are defined by an
      alloantiserum produced in a b4b4 rabbit. Antibody 4B5 forms strong precipitin
      bands with b5 serum and Ig in gel diffusion assays. An anomalous reaction of
      nonidentity was observed when mAb was compared to rabbit anti-b5 antiserum and a
      hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is proposed.

PMID- 6432681
TI  - Induction of proliferation and differentiation of murine B cells bearing surface
      Ig lambda by rat monoclonal antibody to lambda chain.
AB  - Rats were immunized with the purified BCL1-IgM lambda 3(1) and their spleen cells
      were fused with Sp2/0 cells. Hybridomas secreting antibodies reactive with lambda
      1-, lambda 2-, and lambda 3-containing myeloma proteins were subcloned and
      propagated in spinner culture. The antibodies were tested in a solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay and by indirect immunofluorescence using either BCL1 cells or
      normal mouse spleen cells. One of the monoclonal antibodies was purified to 95%
      homogeneity on DEAE-Sephadex. The purified anti-lambda anti-body, coupled to
      Sepharose, was mitogenic for lambda-bearing normal B cells and BCL1 cells, and in
      the presence of a supernatant from Concanavalin-A (Con A) stimulated these cells
      to secrete IgM lambda.

PMID- 6432682
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibody with specificity for human interferon gamma.
AB  - We developed a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for human interferon gamma
      (HuIFN-gamma) by hybridizing cells from the NS-1 myeloma cell line with spleen
      lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with partially purified HuIFN-gamma.
      Hybridoma culture supernatants were screened for neutralization of antiviral
      activity of HuIFN-gamma by the method determining the inhibition of nucleic acid
      synthesis assay (INAS), employing human fibroblasts infected with
      encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC). Clones exhibiting neutralization of antiviral
      activity of HuIFN-gamma were recloned, retested and an MAb with maximum
      neutralization activity was selected. This MAb was of IgM subclass and was
      specific for HuIFN-gamma. Antiviral activities either of human leukocyte-derived
      (HuIFN-alpha) or human fibroblast-derived interferon (HuIFN-beta) were not
      affected by this monoclonal antibody as determined by the INAS test. The
      specificity of the MAb for HuIFN-gamma was further confirmed by an indirect
      immunoprecipitation method, where monoclonal antibody-HuIFN-gamma complexes were
      immunoprecipitated with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin and remaining IFN
      activity in the supernatants was determined by virus yield reduction assay.
      Ammonium sulfate precipitated preparations of this MAb were able to significantly
      increase (range of 230- to 1300-fold) the virus yield when compared with that
      obtained in the presence of IFN-gamma. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the MAb
      immunoprecipitates a molecule of Mr = 47 kD under nonreducing conditions. Under
      reducing conditions, two additional bands of Mr = 26 kD (major band) and Mr = 21
      kD (minor band) were observed. A sepharose affinity column was constructed using
      this MAb and was able to retain approximately 60% of the partially purified HuIFN
      gamma preparation applied. Significant amounts of HuIFN-gamma were eluted by
      increasing the ionic strength and decreasing the pH. HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-beta
      were not retained by this column.

PMID- 6432683
TI  - Lymphatic endothelial and smooth-muscle cells in tissue culture.
AB  - Endothelial and smooth-muscle cells from bovine mesenteric lymphatic vessels have
      been collected and cultured in vitro. The endothelial cells grew as a monolayer
      exhibiting a "cobblestone" appearance with individual cells tending to be more
      flattened at confluence than their blood vascular counterparts. Approximately 30%
      of these cells expressed Factor VIII antigen compared with bovine mesenteric
      artery or human umbilical-vein endothelium in which the majority of cells were
      positive. The lymphatic smooth-muscle cells exhibited focal areas of
      multilayering and were Factor VIII negative. The availability of lymphatic
      endothelial and smooth-muscle cells in culture will provide a new tool for the
      investigation of the biological properties of the lymphatic vessels and their
      role in homeostasis.

PMID- 6432684
TI  - Studies on the adjuvant action of beryllium. II. Systemic effects with particular
      reference to secretory immunity.
AB  - When 5 mg doses of beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)2, were injected intravenously
      (i.v.) into rats, much of the injected material was retained in the lungs. When
      the injection of Be(OH)2 was accompanied by particulate antigens such as killed
      B. abortus organisms or SRBC, immune responses took place in the intra-thoracic
      lymph nodes (ITLN) so that antibodies of the IgA class were generated and endowed
      the bile with significant agglutinating activity. This did not happen when the
      antigens were injected without the beryllium adjuvant. Similarly, a soluble
      antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA) only gave rise to significant amounts of
      biliary and serum antibodies after i.v. injection if Be(OH)2 was used too. The
      highest titres occurred when the antigen followed the adjuvant after an interval
      of a few seconds but substantial titres still resulted if the injection of
      antigen was delayed for 24 hr. The amounts of biliary antibodies generated by the
      parenteral injection of antigen and adjuvant were comparable to those that
      occurred after the same materials were injected directly into the GALT. The
      adjuvant action of Be(OH)2 was able to induce in athymic (nude) rats the
      production of measurable amounts of both biliary and serum antibodies to SRBC.

PMID- 6432685
TI  - The in vivo functions and properties of persisting cell-stimulating factor.
AB  - We present evidence that persisting (P) cell-stimulating factor (PSF), a T cell
      lymphokine, is produced and active in vivo. Mice injected in one footpad with
      keyhole limpet haemocyanin or intravenously with sheep erythrocytes had
      substantial increases in numbers of splenic P cell precursors; the increase
      following the sheep erythrocytes did not occur in athymic mice implying a
      dependence on T lymphocytes. The increase in P cell precursors correlated with
      the local release of PSF; thus cells from the ipsilateral draining lymph node of
      mice injected in one footpad with KLH, but not cells from the contralateral node,
      showed both increased numbers of P cell precursors and the production of PSF. PSF
      could, in other situations, enter the circulation and exert effects distal to its
      release. Mice bearing a localized tumour that produced PSF (WEHI-3B), but not
      those bearing a non-producing subline, showed both a significant increase in P
      cell precursors in the spleen and bone marrow, and a marked increase in the
      numbers of mast cells, megakaryocytes, metamyelocytes and polymorphs in the
      spleen. PSF was detected in the serum of the mice bearing the PSF-producing
      tumour. Following intravenous injection of PSF into normal mice there was a rapid
      initial clearance (t 1/2 4 min), followed after 10 mins by a phase of slower
      clearance (t 1/2 40 min). This was due to removal of PSF rather than inhibition
      or destruction by serum factors, as when PSF was mixed in vitro with mouse serum
      for 24 hr at 37 degrees, no activity was lost.

PMID- 6432686
TI  - HLA-B27, a dominant restricting element in antiviral responses?

PMID- 6432687
TI  - Duodenal ulcer: maintenance treatment with cimetidine.

PMID- 6432688
TI  - Acute complications of jejunal diverticulosis.

PMID- 6432689
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6432690
TI  - Pancreatic functions in marasmic children: effect of dietary therapy.

PMID- 6432691
TI  - Conversion of the C3 component of complement in sera of hanseniasis patients.
AB  - The levels of total C3 (native C3 plus its degradation products) and the degree
      of conversion of native C3 into its breakdown products were studied in sera of
      Virchowian (V), tuberculoid (T), indeterminate (I), and Virchowian with erythema
      nodosum Hansenicum (ENH) patients. Sera from normal individuals (N) were also
      analysed. While the levels of total C3 were not significantly different among the
      groups, the percentage of conversion of C3 into its degradation products was
      significantly higher in V and ENH sera. The activation of the complement system
      and the involvement of immune complexes (IC) are discussed.

PMID- 6432692
TI  - [Change in cell-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium
      marinum in Hansen's disease patients].
AB  - The cell mediated immunity (CMI) to protein purified derivates of Mycobacterium
      leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium marinum
      was studied. Leukocyte Migration Inhibition (LMI) and Delayed Hypersensitivity
      skin reactions to these antigens were examined in 44 hanseniasis patients (20
      quiescent Virchowians, 13 reactional Virchowians and 11 tuberculoid patients) and
      15 healthy subjects. An impairment in LMI and Delayed Hypersensitivity tests to
      M. leprae and M. marinum was observed in Virchowians patients both quiescent and
      reactional. The CMI response to all mycobacterial antigens was increased in
      tuberculoid patients and was observed a poor response to M. leprae and M. marinum
      in healthy controls. Our results show a high correlation between the CMI response
      to M. leprae and to M. marinum (r = + 0,8). This close relationship between both
      antigens may express cross-reactivity.

PMID- 6432693
TI  - Heterogeneity of molecular size and antigenic expression within
      lipooligosaccharides of individual strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria
      meningitidis.
AB  - We determined the Mr of neisserial lipooligosaccharides (LOS) by using
      discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, minimal
      loading concentrations, and Salmonella isogenic rough mutant LOS as Mr standards.
      Salmonella LOS were resolved into three components. The migration distance of
      each component was linearly related to its theoretical Mr (r = 0.99). Neisserial
      LOS also contained multiple components whose calculated Mr ranged from 3,200 to
      7,100. The relative abundance of components and their MrS varied greatly among
      strains. Meningococcal LOS were composed almost exclusively of two closely
      migrating components; gonococcal LOS were more heterogeneous. LOS from a
      gonococcus selected for resistance to a Pseudomonas pyocin contained only a
      single component that was different from and of intermediate Mr among the three
      components of the parent strain. A monoclonal antibody directed against the
      meningococcal L8 LOS epitope was used to determine whether heterogeneity of
      antigen expression reflected Mr heterogeneity. Single components of the L8
      meningococcal LOS and of the LOS of 3 of 19 gonococcal strains bound the
      monoclonal antibody. Gonococcal LOS components that expressed the L8 epitope were
      of a similar Mr (4,800). Smaller components of these same LOS did not express the
      epitope.

PMID- 6432694
TI  - Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease nicks cholera enterotoxin.
AB  - Unnicked cholera enterotoxin was isolated from culture supernatants of Vibrio
      cholerae 569B by either rapid processing of flask-grown cultures or by growing
      and processing fermentor cultures in the presence of ethylene glycol-bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid, an inhibitor of the previously
      described V. cholerae hemagglutinin/protease. When unnicked cholera enterotoxin
      was incubated with purified hemagglutinin/protease, the unnicked A subunit was
      converted to a molecular weight consistent with that of the A1 subunit as
      demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and
      its specific activity for Y1 adrenal cells increased.

PMID- 6432695
TI  - Activated complex of L-cells and Rickettsia prowazekii with N-ethylmaleimide
      insensitive phospholipase A.
AB  - The interaction of large numbers of viable Rickettsia prowazekii cells with L
      cells results in the expression of a phospholipase A activity with the
      concomitant release of free fatty acids and lysophosphatides from the
      phospholipids of the L-cell. About 50% of rickettsiae present in the suspension
      that was centrifuged onto an L-cell monolayer at 0 degree C to effect this
      interaction formed a tight L-cell-rickettsiae association from which the
      rickettsiae could not be removed by simple washing. Both the L-cell-rickettsiae
      association and the rickettsiae before association with L-cells interact with N
      ethylmaleimide, so that the subsequent expression of the phospholipase A activity
      was inhibited (treatment of the L-cells with N-ethylmaleimide before
      centrifugation does not inhibit phospholipase activity). However, treatment of
      this association with 2,4-dinitrophenol and KCN caused much less inhibition of
      this phospholipase A activity than did treatment of the rickettsiae with these
      agents before centrifugation onto the L-cells. Incubation of the L-cell
      rickettsiae association for a short time at 35 degrees C resulted in a very low
      level of free fatty acid formation and changed this association to an activated
      complex in which the phospholipase A activity was no longer sensitive to the
      inhibitory effects of N-ethylmaleimide. The characteristics of the association
      and activated complex were stable: after a 2-h incubation at 0 degrees C, the
      association and the activated complex retained both their basal phospholipase A
      activities and their characteristic responses to N-ethylmaleimide treatment. In
      scanning electron micrographs of the activated complexes, the rickettsiae that
      were initially attached were no longer visible after 45 min at 35 degrees C, and
      the surface of the L-cell appeared to have been etched away. These activated
      complexes provide a system in which modulators of the phospholipase A can be
      investigated without the confusion caused by the first-step receptor interaction
      between rickettsiae and their host cells.

PMID- 6432696
TI  - In vitro and in vivo studies of cellular lysis of oral bacteria by a lysozyme
      protease-inorganic monovalent anion antibacterial system.
AB  - Compared with anion-activated cell lysis of oral bacteria damaged with either
      lysozyme or trypsin, cells which were treated with both of these enzymes showed a
      far greater degree of lysis. This was true regardless of whether turbidimetric,
      DNA release, or electron microscopic assays were used to monitor the lytic
      process. At an acidic pH of 5.2 and an NaHCO3 concentration of 100 mM, the
      kinetics of lysis for two different serotype c strains of Streptococcus mutans
      were similar. At 0 to 100 mM bicarbonate, however, differences in the lytic
      susceptibilities of the two strains were evident. At pH 5.2, NaHCO3, but not
      NaSCN, NaCl, or NaF, was effective in promoting cell lysis of the oral bacteria.
      At apparent sublytic concentrations of NaHCO3, lysis was achieved by adding
      appropriate concentrations of NaSCN, NaCl, or NaF to the lysozyme-protease
      damaged cells. In in vivo studies, hamsters given a combination of NaHCO3, NaCl,
      and NaSCN were found to have significantly reduced levels of S. mutans on their
      molar teeth compared with that found in controls or animals exposed to any one of
      the salts alone or to a combination of chloride and thiocyanate only. The results
      suggest that bicarbonate is an essential anion which, together with the other
      major salivary inorganic monovalent anions, plays an active role in the lysis and
      ultimate elimination of cariogenic bacteria.

PMID- 6432697
TI  - Pulmonary cellular response to chronic irritation and chronic Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa pneumonia in cats.
AB  - A model of chronic pulmonary infection was used for studying cellular events in a
      sequential manner. In this model, agarose beads containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      were instilled endotracheally into cats. Nine cats were inoculated with agarose
      beads containing P. aeruginosa, and four others were inoculated with sterile
      beads. With a fiberoptic bronchoscope, bronchial washings were obtained biweekly
      for up to 30 weeks. The quantitative pulmonary inflammatory cell response and
      alveolar macrophage morphology of the animals exposed to P. aeruginosa were
      compared with those for the animals exposed to a chronic irritant (agarose
      beads). Bronchial washings of all animals before inoculation showed that 70 to
      90% of the cells were macrophages. After inoculation with P. aeruginosa, a
      persistent inflammatory response was observed (60 to 70% granulocytes). In the
      sterile-bead-inoculated group, the response was less prominent (30 to 40%
      granulocytes). As early as 2 weeks after inoculation, alveolar macrophages from
      infected animals were larger and had cytoplasmic features that differed from
      those of controls. Electron microscope examination showed prominent surface
      alterations in alveolar macrophages from the infected cats. These alterations
      persisted from 2 to 12 weeks after infection. In animals inoculated with sterile
      beads, alveolar macrophages exhibited less extensive surface changes that had
      resolved by week 8. Histologically, chronic bronchiolitis and pneumonia were more
      severe in the infected animals than in controls. This model of chronic
      inflammation and macrophage stimulation, which is similar to the chronic
      pneumonia of cystic fibrosis, may be a useful approach to answer questions on the
      role of macrophage activation in chronic lung disease.

PMID- 6432698
TI  - Serum sensitivity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid strain.
AB  - The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 144M (a mucoid strain isolated from
      the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient) to the bactericidal activity of pooled
      fresh normal human serum (FHS) was examined. FHS at concentrations of greater
      than or equal to 2.5% was capable of killing greater than 95% of strain 144M.
      Strain 144M was killed by FHS in a dose-dependent manner. Although either
      immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG was bactericidal in the presence of complement, IgM
      was about 10 times as effective as IgG. However, optimal killing activity
      required both IgM and IgG and complement, activated by the classical pathway. A
      role for lysozyme in the killing of 144M was demonstrated only when low
      concentrations of FHS were used. In contrast to 144M, P. aeruginosa strains 144NM
      and 144M(SR) were totally resistant to FHS at all of the concentrations tested
      (up to 50%). Neither the FHS susceptibility of 144M nor the FHS resistance of
      144NM or 144M(SR) was altered by choice of growth medium, growth phase, or
      temperature of growth. Results of absorption studies with whole organisms,
      isolated outer membrane preparations, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from each
      strain suggest that the antigen(s) which binds the bactericidal immunoglobulins
      is accessible on the surface of 144M but not on the surface of 144NM or 144M(SR),
      is insensitive to trypsin treatment, and is believed to be LPS. Sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the three LPS preparations
      demonstrated that 144M LPS contained primarily lipid-A-core polysaccharide
      components, whereas the LPS from 144NM and 144M(SR) were heterogeneous, with
      various degrees of O-side-chain substitution. These results suggest that at least
      one target for bactericidal antibody on the surface of 144M is contained in the
      rough LPS of this strain.

PMID- 6432699
TI  - Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin on thymidine incorporation by murine
      splenocytes.
AB  - The interaction of highly purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin (PAC) with
      murine splenocytes was examined. Added at culture initiation, PAC (0.1 to 0.5
      microgram/ml) inhibited subsequent [3H]deoxythymidine incorporation measured
      between 42 to 48 h. Incorporation of [3H]deoxythymidine was inhibited 50% in
      lipopolysaccharide-, phytohemagglutinin-, and concanavalin A-stimulated cultures
      by 0.20, 0.32, and 0.39 microgram of PAC per ml, respectively. It is concluded
      that PAC exhibits a narrow inhibitory concentration response range of 0.1 to 0.5
      microgram/ml which, secondarily, is affected by the presence of mitogens.
      Antitoxin added at splenocyte culture initiation, directly after PAC, yielded
      greater than or equal to 86% protection against PAC inhibition of
      [3H]deoxythymidine incorporation. Addition of antitoxin to cultures at different
      times after PAC demonstrated a time-dependent loss of antitoxin protective effect
      over a 12-h period, indicating that PAC became cell associated and refractory to
      antitoxin within this time period. PAC preincubated with splenocytes at 4 degrees
      C for less than or equal to 1 h could not be removed by washing of cells and was
      fully inhibitory to [3H]deoxythymidine incorporation when these cells were
      cultured at 37 degrees C. This finding was confirmed by demonstrating that 125I
      labeled PAC bound immediately to cells. It is concluded that PAC action on
      splenocytes is dose- and time-dependent and consists of a two-phase process: (i)
      a very rapid binding of PAC to the cell surface available to antitoxin, and (ii)
      a slower toxicity development phase of ca. 12 h, during which PAC becomes
      refractory to antitoxin.

PMID- 6432700
TI  - Immunoelectrophoretic analysis, toxicity, and kinetics of in vitro production of
      the protective antigen and lethal factor components of Bacillus anthracis toxin.
AB  - The kinetics of Bacillus anthracis toxin production in culture and its lethal
      activity in rats, mice, and guinea pigs were investigated. Lethal toxin activity
      was produced in vitro throughout exponential growth at essentially identical
      rates in both encapsulated virulent and nonencapsulated avirulent strains. The
      two toxin proteins which produce lethality when in combination, lethal factor
      (LF) and protective antigen (PA), could be quantitated directly from culture
      fluids by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Using purified preparations of these
      proteins, we determined that a combination of 8 micrograms of LF and 40
      micrograms of PA was required for a maximal rate of killing (39 to 40 min) in
      Fischer 344 rats (250 to 300 g). Conversely, a minimum of 0.6 microgram of LF and
      3 micrograms of PA was required for lethality. The 50% lethal dose for Hartley
      guinea pigs was 50 micrograms of LF and 250 micrograms of PA, and for Swiss mice
      it was 2.5 micrograms of LF and 12.5 micrograms of PA. Analyses classically
      reserved for enzyme kinetic studies were used to study the kinetics of lethal
      activity in the rat model after intravenous injection of LF-PA mixtures. The
      amounts of LF and PA which were required to give half the rate of killing (i.e.,
      double the minimum time to death) were 1.2 and 5.8 micrograms, respectively. A
      theoretical minimum time to death was determined to be 38 min. A third anthrax
      toxin component, edema factor, was shown to inhibit lethal toxin activity. Edema
      factor could not be quantitated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis because the
      protein did not form distinct precipitin bands with available antisera.

PMID- 6432701
TI  - Interferon-gamma inhibits growth of Coxiella burnetii in mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - We studied the effects of various mouse interferon preparations on the growth of
      Coxiella burnetii in mouse fibroblasts. The addition of both recombinant
      interferon-gamma and a crude lymphokine preparation that contained interferon
      gamma to infected L929 cells inhibited the growth of C. burnetii, whereas the
      addition of a crude preparation of type I interferons did not. Cycloheximide
      suppressed the inhibitory effects of recombinant interferon-gamma and crude
      lymphokines.

PMID- 6432702
TI  - Comparative study of the serum bactericidal activity of cefoperazone alone and in
      combination with amikacin or mezlocillin against gram-negative bacilli and
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) was studied in vitro after intravenous
      administration of cefoperazone alone or in combination with mezlocillin or
      amikacin to human volunteers. One hour after the infusion, cefoperazone (2 g),
      cefoperazone + mezlocillin (5 g) and cefoperazone + amikacin (500 mg) achieved
      comparable activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (100% of
      the strains being killed by a 1:8 or greater dilution). The activity of the three
      regimens was also similar against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (87-96% of the sera had
      an SBA greater than or equal to 1:8) and somewhat less for Staphylococcus aureus
      (52-60% with SBA greater than or equal to 1:8). Six and ten hours after
      administration, the SBAs were much lower for all regimens; a small advantage for
      cefoperazone + mezlocillin against K. pneumoniae could be shown in comparison to
      the other regimens.

PMID- 6432703
TI  - In vitro and in vivo effect of immunoglobulin G on the integrity of bacterial
      membranes.
AB  - The interaction between a modified 7S immunoglobulin (MISG) and bacterial
      membranes was studied by adopting in vitro as well as in vivo techniques.
      Preincubation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MISG resulted
      in a release of enzymatic markers from the periplasmic space, whereas no
      cytoplasmic or membrane-bound enzymes were liberated. Due to the interaction of
      MISG with the outer membrane of gram-negative rods, the bacteria became more
      susceptible to the antibacterial action of poorly penetrating penicillins because
      of a significantly increased rate of uptake. These in vitro effects were
      corroborated under in vivo conditions by adopting the granuloma pouch model. A
      single intravenous injection of MISG enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of
      mezlocillin against E. coli; similarly, the antibacterial activity of penicillin
      G, oxacillin, cephalothin and cefamandole against Staphylococcus aureus was
      augmented by MISG. These in vivo effects of MISG were not due to an increased
      rate of phagocytosis or complement activity. Thus, MISG sensitized bacteria to
      several beta-lactam antibiotics by disorganizing their outer membrane.

PMID- 6432704
TI  - Arachidonate metabolites in acute and chronic allergic air pouch inflammation in
      rats and the anti-inflammatory effects of indomethacin and dexamethasone.
AB  - Two types of allergic air pouch inflammation, the acute and the chronic types,
      were induced in the dorsum of rats. 1, 8, and 24 h after the immunologic
      challenge injection, the exudate contents of cyclooxygenase products,
      prostaglandin (PG)E2, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, PGI2 (measured as 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha) and PGD2, and the lipoxygenase products, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids
      (HETEs) and 6-sulfido-peptide-containing leukotrienes (SRS) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The effects of locally injected indomethacin or dexamethasone
      on the exudate volumes and the number of cells in the exudates in both types of
      allergic inflammation and the effects of these drugs on the contents of the
      cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products in the exudates 8 h after the challenge
      injection were examined.

PMID- 6432705
TI  - Modulation of sulfur dioxide-induced airways hyperresponsiveness in the conscious
      dog.
AB  - Brief exposure of conscious dogs to 30 ppm SO2 directly into the lungs resulted
      in a transient bronchoconstriction followed by a period of hypersensitivity to
      aerosolized methacholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The hypersensitivity was
      maximal 4 h after exposure to SO2. Both Wy-41,195 and disodium cromoglycate, two
      antiallergic drugs, inhibited the hypersensitivity to methacholine when
      administered just prior to methacholine challenge. Neither drug significantly
      influenced SO2-induced bronchospasm nor influenced methacholine hypersensitivity
      when administered just prior to SO2 exposure. Furthermore, Wy-41,195 was
      ineffective against methacholine hypersensitivity when administered orally for 4
      days. SO2-induced airway hypersensitivity in the dog may thus provide a useful
      model for exploring mechanisms and pharmacologic modulation of bronchial
      hyperreactivity, a common feature of asthma.

PMID- 6432706
TI  - Regulation of canine mucus secretion by a novel leukotriene synthesis inhibitor
      (U-60,257).
AB  - A novel leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, piriprost (U-60,257) was characterized
      in three quantitated assays of secretion in the canine in vivo trachea. The
      normal baseline secretion rate was inhibited in a dose-related fashion when the
      inhibitor was given via the cranial thyroid artery (decrease compared to control
      dogs: 27 +/- 3.11% at 0.1 mg, n = 3, p less than 0.05; 56 +/- 4.85% at 0.5 mg, n
      = 3, p less than 0.01; 61.5 +/- 6.8% at 1.0 mg, n = 14, p less than 0.001).
      Hypoxia gas mixtures (8% O2 and 92% N2 4 min) delivered into the lung caused a
      mean increase in secretion of 160 +/- 11.2% (p less than 0.05). When the
      leukotriene inhibitor (1.0 mg) was given into the close arterial segment before
      hypoxia, this increased secretion response was blocked (160 +/- 11.2 to 40 +/-
      16.7%; p less than 0.05). Finally, arachidonic acid caused a potent and long
      lasting enhancement in secretion (179 +/- 9.0% of control; p less than 0.01) that
      was partially blocked by 5 mg/kg indomethacin 30 min before (90 +/- 12.7% of
      arachidonic acid; p less than 0.01), and when 1.0 mg U-60,257 preceded the
      arachidonic acid, an additional inhibition of 50% of the indomethacin inhibition
      was seen (p less than 0.01; n = 14). These findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that canine secretion is modulated by arachidonic acid metabolites
      that act as agonists for secretion both by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase
      pathways.

PMID- 6432707
TI  - Computing disease severity: staging.

PMID- 6432708
TI  - Microcomputer analysis of hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic steady-state kinetics.
AB  - A BASIC computer program has been developed which has been used to show that
      bovine lens aldose reductase with NADPH as substrate follows a 1:1 function,
      while rabbit lens hexokinase has a rate equation of minimum degree 2:2, and
      bovine lens polyol dehydrogenase has a rate equation of minimum degree 1:2 with
      xylitol as substrate. The parameter estimates obtained are very close to those
      from the BMDP3R curvefitting program on an ICL 2980 mainframe computer, with
      identical conclusions as to the minimum degree of the rate equation. The computer
      program can be run on any microcomputer with high resolution graphics in less
      than 48 K of random access memory.

PMID- 6432709
TI  - Modulation of anti-tumour immunity induced by syngeneic mitomycin C-treated
      murine tumour cells.
AB  - Experiments were performed to examine the kinetics of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) to mitomycin-C-treated syngeneic murine fibrosarcomas
      inoculated into the footpads of mice. Evidence is presented to show that a
      "strongly" antigenic tumour, designated H7, elicits consecutive waves of footpad
      swelling in both primary and secondary responses. Periods of anti-tumour
      resistance coincided with the expression of each successive wave of footpad
      swelling in normal and immune mice. The down-regulation of the response, between
      the successive peaks of footpad swelling, was accompanied by active tumour
      growth. In contrast, the non-cross-reacting "weakly" antigenic tumour, designated
      H1, induced footpad swelling which was expressed only once after either primary
      or secondary sensitization. Unlike that induced by the "strongly" antigenic H7
      tumour, the anti-tumour immunity to the H1 tumour was not sustained beyond its
      initial specific phase. Consequently, H1 tumour cells which survived the initial
      phase of anti-tumour immunity appeared to encounter no further resistance. Thus
      the distinctive feature of the "weakly" antigenic H1 tumour was its inability to
      sustain consecutive waves of tumour resistance as exhibited by the "strongly"
      antigenic H7 tumour. It is proposed that "weakly" and "strongly" antigenic
      tumours are distinguished by their different abilities to down-regulate the anti
      tumour immune response. The "weakly" antigenic tumour induces specific immunity
      which is rapidly down-regulated while that induced by the "strongly" antigenic
      tumour is sustained by successive waves of anti-tumour activity of diminishing
      intensity. Suppression of some but not all waves of footpad swelling occurred in
      mice with growing H7 tumours.

PMID- 6432710
TI  - Comparative study on the effects of acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and
      paracetamol on metabolites of arachidonic acid in plasma, serum and urine in man.
AB  - The effects of acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and paracetamol on the plasma
      and serum levels and the urinary excretion of arachidonic acid metabolites in man
      were demonstrated. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis was reflected better
      in the urinary excretions than in the plasma levels of arachidonic acid
      metabolites. A clear-cut reduction by acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin in
      serum T X B2 can be reached within 24 h. Paracetamol had no uniform influence on
      the prostaglandins studied. The values returned to the initial level in seven
      days after indomethacin and in two weeks after acetylsalicylic acid treatment. In
      some cases a rebound overshoot in prostaglandin concentrations was observed after
      the discontinuation of the treatment.

PMID- 6432711
TI  - Non-invasive methods for the assessment of hepatic drug disposition.
AB  - Assessment of hepatic drug metabolism by clearance techniques requires frequent
      blood sampling and has therefore received only limited application. Non-invasive
      methods enjoy better patient acceptance, but of necessity are indirect and
      therefore require extensive validation. The clinical usefulness of the
      aminopyrine breath test is now well established but it may yield abnormal results
      if the functioning liver cell mass is reduced irrespective of the aetiology of
      the disease. It is thus primarily an indicator for prognosis rather than
      diagnosis. It may also be influenced by drug interactions. In view of the
      different metabolic fate of glyceryl trinitrate this test compound may be used
      for the non-invasive detection of portal-systemic shunting, rather than for
      changes in the functional capacity of the liver. Thus, non-invasive tests of
      hepatic drug disposition can now be used to assess at least two different
      physiological derangements in patients with liver disease.

PMID- 6432712
TI  - Comparative study of four hypolipidaemic agents on the activity of drug
      metabolizing enzymes in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - In order to understand the secondary effects of hypolipidaemic agents in human
      therapy, the authors have studied the inductive properties of four of these
      drugs, clofibrate, F1379, fenofibrate and probucol, on hepatic drug metabolizing
      enzymes in the rat. Each hypolipidaemic molecule was administered once a day for
      five days at doses ranging from 100 to 450 mg/kg/day. All the drugs tested caused
      hepatomegaly, the effect being particularly marked in the case of F1379 and
      fenofibrate; on the other hand they decreased the microsomal protein content,
      especially after F1379 or probucol treatment. Cytochrome P-450 concentration was
      not greatly affected, with only a 40% increase by clofibrate (dose 200 mg/kg/day)
      and by F1379 at the lower dose. It is of interest that all the hypolipidaemic
      agents tested enhanced the activity of epoxide hydrolase with 4, 5 benzo(a)pyrene
      oxide as the substrate. Except for fenofibrate and probucol at the lower dose,
      they all strongly increased the activity. The greatest change was effected by
      F1379 which led to a three to eight-fold increase over the control values. We
      also measured UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities using two substrates
      belonging to group I (4-nitrophenol) and group II (4-hydroxybiphenyl). It appears
      that the changes in enzyme activity found depended both on the type and the dose
      of the drug administered and on the chemical structure of the substrate. This
      study showed that hypolipidaemic drugs which are chemically related to clofibrate
      could greatly modify the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and therefore
      alter the transformation of drugs administered concomitantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432713
TI  - Correlation between the demethylation rate of 14C-aminopyrine (breath-test) and
      haemodynamic parameters in congestive heart failure.
AB  - In 18 patients with congestive heart failure, the 14C-aminopyrine demethylation
      rate was studied by the breath-test, 24 hours after the measurement of
      haemodynamic parameters. In the 12 patients with a cardiac index higher than 2.2
      l/m2/min, the half life of 14CO2 specific activity in breath was found to be
      significantly correlated (p less than 0.001, r = 0,82) with the telediastolic
      pressure of the right ventricle. On the other hand, in the 6 patients with a
      cardiac index below 2.2 l/m2/min the 14C-aminopyrine half life was higher than
      the value predicted by this correlation. Congestive heart failure probably
      reduces hepatic demethylation of aminopyrine through altered hepatic microsomal
      function associated with congestion and possibly hypoxia.

PMID- 6432714
TI  - Reduction of the antihypertensive effect of captopril induced by prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibition.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibition by indomethacin on blood
      pressure and hormonal variations induced by captopril were studied in eight
      patients with essential hypertension and in six nonhypertensive subjects.
      Captopril antihypertensive effect and captopril-induced plasma renin increase
      were almost totally abolished by a short-term administration of indomethacin (50
      mg t.i.d.). These results support the hypothesis that prostaglandins contribute
      to the antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors. It may be of clinical
      importance that anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit PG-synthetase can also blunt
      the antihypertensive action of ACE inhibitors.

PMID- 6432715
TI  - Effects of long-term amiodarone treatment on thyroid function.
AB  - Serum determinations of total T4, total T3, reverse T3, free T3 index, free T4,
      free T4 index, TBG, T4/TBG ratio, TSH and cholesterol were carried out on 18
      euthyroid patients with coronary heart disease. Serum samples were obtained
      before treatment and after 15 days, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 months of
      treatment with amiodarone (400 mg/day). Patients were divided into two groups,
      according to patterns of TSH response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH):
      (I) patients with normal responses (n = 12), and (II) patients with subnormal
      responses (n = 6). Patients of group I showed total T4, free T4 and reverse T3
      increments and total T3 and free T3 index decreases, whereas patients of group II
      were distinguished by the absence of T3 decreases and a rise in free T4 levels
      that showed a significant correlation with a drop in serum cholesterol (r = 
      0.767; p. less than 0.001). No patient of either group showed clinical signs of
      thyroid dysfunction. These results show that the appearance of hormonal patterns
      of hyperthyroidism is unpredictable and very frequent in patients with no
      previous thyroid abnormalities undergoing long-term treatment with the drug.

PMID- 6432716
TI  - [Viral hepatitis as a risk factor in dentistry: current knowledge of
      immunopreventive vaccination].

PMID- 6432717
TI  - [Pulp reaction to the use of so-called mummifying or desensitizing drugs. II.
      Glutaraldehyde].

PMID- 6432718
TI  - In vivo comparison of the nailfold capillary diameter as determined by using the
      erythrocyte column and FITC-labelled albumin.
AB  - The diameter of nailfold capillaries in conventional intravital microscopy is
      estimated by measuring th width of the erythrocyte-columns. We determined the
      diameter of the fluorescence-marked microscopy in 33 capillary loops in the
      nailfold of 12 subjects and compared it with that of the ec-columns. 400-500 mg
      FITC-albumin were injected into the brachial artery through cannulas inserted for
      bloodgas analysis. The FITC-marked capillary lumen exceeded the width of the ec
      columns of 10.8 +/- 3.0 microns by 4.2 +/- 0.7 microns or by 38% on the
      arteriolar side, and that of 12.0 +/- 2.7 microns by 4.6 +/- 0.8 microns (p less
      than 0.01), on the venular side. Venous occlusion produced a significant
      enlargement of the ec-columns by 13% (p less than 0.01), but no significant
      increase in the FITC-marked capillary lumen. The difference of 405 microns
      between the full capillary lumen as represented by the fluorescent plasma space
      and the width of the ec-columns corresponds presumably to the plasmatic zone
      between red cells and the vessel wall. No extravasation of FITC-HA was observed
      neither before nor after venous occlusion.

PMID- 6432719
TI  - Capillary patency and permeability in the endometrium surrounding the implanting
      rat blastocyst.
AB  - The patency and permeability of the endometrial vasculature surrounding the
      implanting rat blastocyst on day six of pregnancy were investigated using
      vascular corrosion casting/scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy,
      transmission electron microscopy and the intravascular (i.v.) injection of Evans'
      blue dye and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tagged albumin. Vascular casting
      revealed an absence of subepithelial endometrial capillaries at the centre of the
      implantation site resulting in an ovoid space in the casts averaging
      approximately 420 microns long by 210 microns in diameter. Fluorescent microscope
      observations on sections of implantation sites cut after an i.v. injection of
      FITC albumin showed an absence of patent vessels within an area approximately 350
      microns long by 200 microns wide of the blastocyst, while there had been
      extensive leakage of FITC albumin around this area due to a massive increase in
      vascular permeability in the surrounding endometrium. Similar sections from areas
      between implantation sites showed patent vessels throughout the endometrium and
      no leakage of FITC albumin into the interstitial tissue. Subsequent haematoxylin
      eosin (H & E) staining of these same sections revealed that the avascular area
      surrounding each blastocyst was the primary decidual zone. Possible mechanisms by
      which the vessels closest to the blastocyst are shut down, and by which those
      nearby undergo the demonstrated large increase in permeability are discussed. Two
      possibilities as to why the maternal blood supply to the blastocyst is reduced at
      this critical time are firstly that it may weaken the maternal tissues, thus
      enhancing trophoblastic invasion, and secondly that it may be involved in the
      mechanism whereby the blastocyst gains immunological privilege from the mother.

PMID- 6432720
TI  - Immediate and long-term results of parathyroid autotransplantation in primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The authors review the experience of total parathyroidectomy with microsurgical
      autotransplantation with reference to the long-term results. This method--after
      further control investigations--may be envisaged for making a definitive
      evaluation of the results.

PMID- 6432721
TI  - Usefulness of abrin as a positive control for the human tumor clonogenic assay.
AB  - A series of approaches were tested in order to develop a simple technique for
      introducing a routine positive control into the Human Tumor Clonogenic Assay. Of
      the various techniques tested, the best proved to be the addition of the toxic
      plant lectin abrin to the culture system. When added to the agar underlayer of
      the culture system so that the final abrin concentration in culture was 10
      micrograms/ml, survival of human tumor colony-forming units (TCFU) was reduced to
      less than 1% of control in 16/34 (47%) of human tumors, to less than 10% in 33/34
      (97%) and to less than 30% in all tumors tested (100%). A clear dose-response
      relationship to fractional survival was observed for individual tumors tested at
      multiple dose levels of abrin. When the dosage of abrin was reduced to 1
      micrograms/ml, survival of TCFU was reduced to less than 30% in 25/28 (89.2%) of
      experiments. Inclusion of abrin controls in clonogenic assays thus provides an
      excellent and reproducible positive control to which cytotoxic effects of a
      variety of therapeutic agents can be compared.

PMID- 6432723
TI  - Effects of diflubenzuron on growth of malignant melanoma and skin carcinoma
      tumors in mice.
AB  - The insect growth regulator diflubenzuron (DFB), which may also inhibit growth of
      imaginal epidermal cells in insects, was studied for antitumor activity in two
      mouse tumor models of epidermal origin. DFB inhibits chitin deposition, but the
      mechanisms by which DFB controls chitin deposition or regulates growth of insect
      epidermal cells are unknown. A single injection of 20 mg (800 mg/kg) of DFB into
      C57BL/6 mice with B16 malignant melanomas or AKR mice with skin tumors (CA 1025)
      induced a rapid (24 h) decrease in tumor volume in 78% and 66% of the tumors,
      respectively. In contrast, 85% of the melanomas and 91% of skin tumors in control
      mice increased in volume during the same 24-h period. Tumor volume decreased by
      as much as 55% for about 1% of the tumors, but the median decrease was 20% for
      both types of tumors. Since control tumors concommitantly increased, DFB-treated
      tumors decreased, relatively, to 60% of the volume of matched control tumors.
      After the initial volume decrease, both types of tumors resumed exponential
      growth resulting in an average growth curve delay, calculated for 12-14 days, of
      about 2.0 days. Subsequent treatment of melanomas with DFB 24 h after the initial
      treatment resulted in a further decrease in relative tumor volume to 40-50% of
      control tumor volume and a growth curve delay of 2.6 days. The most effective
      regimen used was 5 daily, 20-mg doses of DFB. Melanomas decreased to 40% of
      control tumor volume after the third injection and the mean growth curve delay
      was extended to 4.3 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432722
TI  - The cytokinetic and cytotoxic effects of ICRF-159 and ICRF-187 in vitro and ICRF
      187 in human bone marrow in vivo.
AB  - The cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of ICRF-159 and its d-enantiomer ICRF-187
      have been examined in vitro. The effects of both agents were identical.
      Cytotoxicity is dependent on both the drug concentration and the duration of drug
      exposure. Drug exposure for twice the cell cycle time is necessary for maximum
      effect. Cytotoxicity is also dependent upon the rate of cell proliferation. A
      rapidly growing cell population is more sensitive to brief drug exposure than a
      slowly growing population. The cytokinetic effects were studied using flow
      cytometry, determination of [3H]-thymidine incorporation and mitotic index. ICRF
      159/187 appears to act only during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. There is no
      detectable delay in cell passage through the G1/S boundary or in transit through
      S phase. Inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs only after the G2 block prevents
      subsequent entry of cells in S phase. A fraction of the cells, depending upon
      drug concentration, undergo further DNA synthesis without cell division,
      resulting in a tetrapoid cell population. The cytokinetic effects were determined
      in the bone marrow of patients receiving ICRF-187. All dose-rates produced G2/M
      accumulation in the marrow with depletion of S phase cells. One patient was given
      a single injection of 1.0 gm/M2 . G2/M accumulation was observed 24 h after
      treatment, with recovery to a pretreatment DNA cycle distribution 24 h later.
      These studies suggest that a continuous drug infusion, or intermittent infusions
      timed to allow the normal cell population to recover, may produce superior
      clinical activity with this agent. A Phase I study of such an intermittent
      schedule is indicated.

PMID- 6432724
TI  - Effect of pH and KCl on aggregation state and sulphydryl groups reactivity of rat
      skeletal muscle AMP deaminase.
AB  - The effects of pH and KCl on sedimentation properties and SH groups reactivity of
      rat skeletal muscle AMP deaminase have been investigated. The values obtained for
      apparent molecular weight are consistent with an association of AMP deaminase
      subunits in response to increasing KCl concentration. Increasing pH value from
      6.0 to 8.0 causes a reduction in the apparent molecular weight of the enzyme at
      high KCl concentration, which can be interpreted as due to a deprotonation
      induced isomerization process. Removal of Zn2+ from AMP deaminase has effect
      similar to alkalinization in modifying the sedimentation properties of the
      enzyme. In the native enzyme at high K+ concentration about 7, 9 and 12 SH groups
      can be titrated with Nbs2, approximately 1, 2 and 4 SH groups reacting as fast
      sets, at pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0, respectively. Substitution of the 12 SH groups
      reactive with Nbs2 at pH 8.0 has no effect on the pH-dependent allosteric
      behaviour of the enzyme. Removal of K+ causes considerable changes in the
      reactivity of AMP deaminase towards Nbs2, unmasking a class of additional SH
      groups, so that the total number of titratable SH groups approaches that of 30
      determined in denaturing conditions. In the enzyme previously treated with N
      ethylmaleimide to alkylate the fast reacting class of SH groups, the class of
      additional SH groups are substituted by Nbs2 at basic pH, but not at acidic pH,
      with a concomitant reduction of the enzyme activity.

PMID- 6432726
TI  - Rectal administration of sodium valproate in children.
AB  - A study of VPA based on a comparison of mean plasma levels, plasma peak latency
      times and plasma half-lives after rectal and oral administration was conducted in
      9 children between 6 months and 10 years of age suffering from various forms of
      epileptic seizure, before they received chronic VPA treatment. Each child
      received an oral dose of 20 mg/kg and after two days a rectal dose of 20 mg/kg
      and the mean plasma concentrations were determined at intervals for both modes of
      administration. An identical plasma concentration for both after 24 h showed that
      the quantity of drug absorbed was the same. The mean half-life varied according
      to age: 11 +/- 2 h for children over 3 years of age and 9 +/- 1 h for those under
      3. The results of the study, in line with the few other available published data,
      thus confirm the validity of rectal VPA administration.

PMID- 6432727
TI  - Cervical myelopathy secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal
      ligament (a case report).
AB  - A case of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, documented by
      spinal X-ray, myelography and CT scanning of the spinal cord is reported. The
      patient underwent decompressive laminectomy by posterior approach, which was
      successful. The case is discussed in the light of recent published data.

PMID- 6432725
TI  - Seeing with the visual cortex.
AB  - A short analysis of the input-output organization of the primary visual cortical
      areas in the cat and monkey is followed by a description of the salient
      microelectrophysiological properties of retino-geniculo-cortical system neurons.
      It is concluded that a strict hierarchical model of cortical processing of visual
      information is no longer tenable.

PMID- 6432728
TI  - The distribution of ABO, MNSs, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood groups of Jews
      originating from 20 countries.
AB  - The distribution of red blood cell antigens of 10,000 Jewish Israeli men are
      presented by their country of birth. The ABO, MNSs, Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd
      blood groups were examined, and their frequencies were analyzed for each of 20
      countries of birth. These results can serve as control and reference data for
      various studies, both basic and applied, concerning Jewish communities. The data
      are shown in various ways: phenotype and allele frequencies are presented
      alphabetically by countries of birth, and the allele frequencies are also shown
      by lowest to highest frequencies among the communities. The data indicate that
      Jews from Europe and Morocco tend to have intermediate allele frequencies. At the
      extremes are mainly Jews from Yemen, Aden and Yugoslavia. These observations are
      in accordance with previous studies on genetic distances.

PMID- 6432729
TI  - Freshwater near-drowning: our experience in life-supportive treatment.
AB  - Eight freshwater near-drowning victims were treated in the General Intensive Care
      Unit. The most prominent findings upon arrival were respiratory failure,
      hypoxemia and coma. Routine treatment, including mechanical ventilation and brain
      resuscitation, was initiated in all patients. Six patients were discharged fully
      recovered from the unit on the 3rd to 6th day; one patient who recovered fully
      but had amnesia was discharged after 8 months; and one patient remained
      decerebrated and died 5 months later. A more aggressive treatment of near
      drowning victims is justified and recommended.

PMID- 6432730
TI  - Effect of spironolactone on testosterone and LHRH responsiveness in women with
      polycystic ovarian disease.

PMID- 6432731
TI  - Lack of inhibition of diamine oxidase during hydralazine therapy.

PMID- 6432732
TI  - Monkey-caused injuries in the region served by the Beer Sheva District Health
      Office, 1978-82.

PMID- 6432733
TI  - Control of hypoglycemia by the Biostator.

PMID- 6432735
TI  - How DRG's will shape the profession of nursing.

PMID- 6432734
TI  - Inhibition by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine of the pokeweed mitogen-induced
      immunoglobulin production in cultured human lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMeOrn), an irreversible
      inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, on immunoglobulin production were studied
      in vitro using human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed
      mitogen. DFMeOrn inhibits in a concentration-dependent manner the usual pokeweed
      mitogen-induced increases of polyamine contents (putrescine, spermidine,
      spermine) and of [3H]thymidine incorporation. In parallel with the reduction of
      polyamine content and of thymidine incorporation, IgG and IgM productions are
      diminished, a 70% decrease being observed at 5 mM DFMeOrn concentration.
      Therefore, it appears that inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis may ultimately
      interfere with the cellular immunologic response by blocking cell proliferation.
      These findings certainly deserve further consideration both under in vitro and in
      vivo conditions.

PMID- 6432736
TI  - Results of long-term treatment of osteoporosis with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and
      calcium.
AB  - The results of long-term treatment of osteoporotic patients with 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-OHD3) and calcium supplements during periods up to 3
      years were evaluated. This treatment showed an increased bone density, especially
      in patients classified as postmenopausal osteoporis.

PMID- 6432737
TI  - The osteochondroses. A new pathological concept.
AB  - In all histopathological studies of the osteochondroses, the one constant finding
      is a dysplastic change in the cartilaginous epiphysis and apophysis. This gives
      rise to disturbances of enchondral ossification, diminished mechanical resistance
      of the abnormal cartilage, and to ischaemic changes in the ossific nucleus. This
      has been demonstrated histologically only in Perthes disease and Kohler's disease
      and probably reflects vascular damage provoked by abnormal cartilaginous growth.
      Cartilage dysplasia could constitute the fundamental pathogenetic background
      common to all the osteochondroses.

PMID- 6432738
TI  - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. (A review of 19 cases).
AB  - Nineteen cases of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica are presented. Eleven were
      single and 8 were multiple. The writers illustrate the clinical and radiographic
      aspects of this condition, and stress the importance of surgical treatment as
      soon as the first clinical symptoms appear.

PMID- 6432740
TI  - Massive pulmonary necrosis in children.

PMID- 6432739
TI  - [Metabolism of arachidonic acid of the skin and its significance in the
      pathophysiology of inflammatory dermatosis].
AB  - Arachidonic acid can be converted via the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase
      pathways to biologically extremely potent products. The arachidonic acid
      metabolites - prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxane, leukotrienes and hydroxy
      fatty acids - are assumed to play a major role in the pathophysiology of
      inflammation. The skin shows an active arachidonic acid metabolism which is
      believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and different forms of
      dermatitis. Research into the biochemical basis of inflammation should lead to
      the introduction of new, pathogenetically oriented pharmacological principles in
      the treatment of these dermatoses.

PMID- 6432741
TI  - Abnormal serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme due to complex of lactate
      dehydrogenase and immunoglobulin G (kappa type).

PMID- 6432742
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of co-administration of uracil and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5
      fluorouracil (FT-207) for malignant brain tumors.

PMID- 6432743
TI  - Comparative studies on the localization of esteroproteases and kallikrein-like
      activity in primate organs.
AB  - Various organs of three species of monkey were screened histochemically for
      esteroproteases using N-acethyl-L-methionine-alpha-naphthylester (alpha N-O-met)
      as the substrate and also for enzymes with kallikrein-like activity using D-Val
      Leu-Arg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide as the substrate. Characteristic differences
      were found in the localization of the reaction products obtained with both
      substrates. In the main salivary glands, esteroproteases (alpha N-O-met
      reactivity) were found in mucous cells (submandibular gland), intercalated duct
      cells (parotid gland), acinar cells (sublingual gland), striated and interlobular
      duct cells (all glands). They were also localized in superficial lining
      epithelial cells of the digestive system, in liver cells, and acinar cells of the
      pancreas. Enzymes with kallikrein-like activity were found only in the striated
      and interlobular duct cells of salivary glands, in acinar cells of the pancreas,
      and in proximal tubular cells of the kidney. Free cells (including mast cells)
      normally distributed in the connective tissue of various organs showed reactivity
      towards alpha N-O-met. Some of these cells were also reactive against Val-Leu-Arg
      4-MNA.

PMID- 6432744
TI  - Phenazine methosulphate in NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase cytochemistry.

PMID- 6432746
TI  - Cytochemical studies on the localization and functional properties of calcium in
      anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - The localization of calcium and its functional properties in anterior pituitary
      cells were studied using a potassium pyroantimonate technique. In all kinds of
      secretory cells, the precipitates of the calcium-pyroantimonate complex were
      distributed on the limiting membrane of the secretory granule. They were present
      also in the cytoplasmic matrix, the mitochondrial matrix, small smooth vesicles,
      coated vesicles, and in the nuclear euchromatin area. The precipitates were
      usually seen at the contact region between the limiting membranes of two adjacent
      secretory granules, or between the granule limiting membrane and the plasma
      membrane. When the tissues were incubated in the medium containing A23187 (10
      microM) for 5 min, the deposits on the granule limiting membrane were increased
      in number and those on the mitochondrial matrix were decreased; the reaction
      products almost disappeared on the limiting membranes of the secretory granules
      after membrane fusion following single or multigranular exocytosis induced by
      A23187-treatment. In addition, small vesicles in the capillary endothelium
      contained reaction precipitates. Based on these results we propose a hypothetical
      model for the relationship between the localization of calcium and secretory
      activity.

PMID- 6432745
TI  - Lectin binding sites of the mouse ovary, intraovarian and ovulated ova.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled lectins were used to study the
      distribution of specific binding sites in histologic sections of mouse ovaries as
      well as ovulated ova. Four distinct patterns of reactivity of the components of
      the follicle (exclusive of the ovum) and the surrounding ovarian stroma were
      recognized: uniform staining of granulosa cells, theca cells and surrounding
      stroma; weak to moderate staining of the granulosa cells and strong staining of
      the theca cells and stromal cells; no reactivity of the granulosa cells coupled
      with strong reactivity of the theca and stromal cells; no reactivity with any
      component of the cumulus oophorus. Three lectins (from Triticum vulgare, Arachis
      hypogaea and Maclura pomifera) distinctly accentuated the basal lamina of the
      cumulus oophorus. The reaction of lectins with oocytes and zona pellucida
      revealed six distinct patterns: no reactivity with either structure; weak
      reactivity with the cytoplasm of the oocyte and no reactivity with the zona
      pellucida; very strong reactivity with the cytoplasm of the oocyte and no
      reactivity with the zona pellucida; moderate reactivity with both the oocyte and
      the zona pellucida; moderate reactivity with the oocyte and very strong
      reactivity with the zona pellucida; no reactivity with the oocyte and moderate
      reactivity with the zona pellucida. The same pattern of reactivity was seen in
      the ovulated ova in the oviduct except for the lectin from Arachis hypogaea, the
      reactivity of which changed upon ovulation and/or fertilization of the ovum.
      These data provide a list of lectin markers for distinct components of the mouse
      ovary.

PMID- 6432747
TI  - Hypoxic cell sensitizers and heavy charged particle beams may play complementary
      roles in killing hypoxic tumor cells.
AB  - The analysis of growth delay data of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumor system with and
      without misonidazole and irradiated with spread-peak heavy-ion radiation yields
      two conclusions that bear on the relative efficacy of the two modes of treatment
      and imply a complementary role of the two modes which enhances the effects of
      either given separately. 1. For both carbon and neon ion peak radiation given in
      four fractions, RBE values for tumor growth delay are significantly greater than
      the enhancement ratio for an X ray plus misonidazole fractionation scheme [2.0
      2.3 (carbon) and 2.6-2.8 (neon) vs. 1.2-1.5 (X rays plus misonidazole)]. This
      implies that high LET killing is considerably more effective in this tumor system
      (hypoxic fraction of about 35%) than the hypoxic cell sensitization caused by
      misonidazole. 2. When misonidazole is given in conjunction with the heavy ion
      beam irradiations, an increased growth delay is seen, greater than when either
      heavy ions or misonidazole plus X rays are given separately. The product of the
      sensitizer enhancement ratio for heavy ions and the RBE for no sensitizer yields
      a measure of the overall enhancement of effect relative to an X ray treatment.
      The values of this product for the carbon beam (2.4-2.5) and neon beam (3.4) show
      high effectiveness for either beam plus misonidazole. The interpretation is that
      heavy ion beams reach and kill hypoxic cells not penetrated by the misonidazole,
      and some hypoxic cells not killed by the high LET component receive low LET
      damage which is made lethal by the drug. Thus, the net hypoxic cell killing is
      enhanced by the high LET beams and in a complementary way by the combination of
      the drug and the low LET portion of the radiation.

PMID- 6432748
TI  - Radiation and concurrent chemotherapy for the treatment of Lewis lung tumor and
      B16 melanoma tumor in C57/BL mice.
AB  - C57/BL mice bearing either Lewis lung tumor or B16 melanoma tumor were treated
      with radiation and concurrent chemotherapy. The treatment results were determined
      in vivo by tumor regrowth delay assay. When continuous infusion of either
      Cyclophosphamide (CYCLO) or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or Adriamycin (ADRIA) or
      Mitomycin-C (MITO-C) was used in combination with continuous radiation at 1
      cGy/min, no increase in tumor regrowth delay was observed over that of radiation
      alone. When multiple drug chemotherapy, FAM (5-FU, ADRIA, MITO-C) was
      administered in combination with radiation at 80 cGy/min, no increase in tumor
      regrowth delay was observed over that of radiation alone. In these two murine
      tumor models, when clinically relevant concentrations of commonly used
      chemotherapy agents were combined with radiation, no therapeutic advantage was
      observed.

PMID- 6432749
TI  - Human whole-blood oxygen affinity: effect of carbon monoxide.
AB  - Oxygen dissociation curves (ODC) were recorded in the presence of
      carboxyhemoglobin fractions (FHbCO) up to 60%. The gradual shift to the left of
      the ODC at increasing amounts of HbCO was reflected in a gradual fall in the half
      saturation pressure of the remaining Hb and was accompanied by a gradual change
      in the shape of the ODC to a hyperbolic one. The H+ factor (delta log PO2/delta
      pH) was determined over the entire oxygen saturation (SO2) range at three
      different FHbCO levels (14, 30, and 52%). At FHbCO = 14 and 30% and for the SO2
      range 20-90%, the H+ factor vs. SO2 curve was not significantly different from
      that in the absence of HbCO. At FHbCO = 52%, however, the value found for the H+
      factor (-0.55) was appreciably more negative than in the case of blood containing
      less than 1% HbCO (-0.44), and there was no dependence on SO2. Comparison of
      measured and calculated ODCs at varying HbCO fractions showed, for FHbCO less
      than or equal to 50%, that measured and calculated ODCs coincide over the greater
      part of the SO2 range. For FHbCO greater than 50%, the measured ODC was situated
      to the left of the calculated one over the entire SO2 range. We conclude that the
      heme-heme interaction for CO is appreciably larger than for O2 only for FHbCO
      greater than 50%, whereas for FHbCO less than 50% there is virtually no
      difference.

PMID- 6432750
TI  - Errors in seminal papers on within-breath time course of alveolar PCO2.

PMID- 6432751
TI  - Ventilation and arousal responses to hypercapnia in normal sleeping humans.
AB  - We measured arousal and ventilatory responses to rebreathing from a small bag,
      initially approximately 7% CO2 in 40% O2, via a nose mask in 13 normal human
      adults. With deepening non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM), males aroused at
      increasing alveolar PCO2 (mean +/- SE: stage II 58.6 +/- 1.7, stage III 61.2 +/-
      1.0, stage IV 63.8 +/- 0.8 Torr), whereas in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM),
      arousal alveolar PCO2 was 57.7 +/- 0.7 Torr, i.e., much lower than in stage III
      and IV NREM. Females showed no significant change in arousal alveolar PCO2, (II
      57.6 +/- 0.9, III 57.3 +/- 1.3, IV 59.4 +/- 0.9, REM 56.3 +/- 1.0 Torr). Male
      ventilatory response was 2.5 +/- 0.1 (SE) 1 X min-1 X Torr-1 and fell by 49% in
      NREM (1.29 +/- 0.13) and by 69% in REM (0.78 +/- 0.18). Female response was
      little affected by state, being similar to male NREM response (wake 1.39 +/-
      0.14, NREM 1.40 +/- 0.13, REM 1.11 +/- 0.26 1 X min-1 X Torr-1). In NREM tests,
      there was no change in sleep state until arousal, whereas in REM, subjects awoke
      abruptly with the onset of rebreathing (11 cases), showed a transient arousal
      with onset but continued in REM until final arousal (21 cases), or changed to
      NREM at onset (2 cases). These arousal results contrast sharply with findings in
      tracheostomized dogs and in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, where asphyxic
      arousal is later in REM than in NREM, suggesting that the events at test onset in
      REM in the present study may be related to upper airway sensitivity to CO2
      specific to REM.

PMID- 6432752
TI  - CO2 elimination as a function of frequency and tidal volume in rabbits during
      HFO.
AB  - CO2 elimination (VCO2) was monitored during high-frequency oscillation (HFO) over
      a frequency (f) range of 2-30 Hz in anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits to
      determine whether effective gas exchange could be achieved in this species, to
      determine the f and tidal volume (VT) dependence of gas exchange in this species,
      and to compare these results with those from dog and human studies. We were able
      to produce VCO2 levels during HFO that exceeded normal steady-state levels of CO2
      production with VT's less than the total dead space volume. VCO2 was related to f
      in a curvilinear fashion, whereas in some rabbits VCO2 became independent of f at
      higher frequencies. This curvilinear relationship between f and VCO2 is similar
      to data from humans but contrasts with the linear relationship found in dogs.
      Evidence is presented indicating frequency-dependent behavior of gas exchange is
      correlated with a frequency-dependent decrease in respiratory system resistance.
      We propose that the frequency-dependent mechanical properties of the rabbit lung
      may also account for the species differences in HFO gas exchange.

PMID- 6432753
TI  - Indomethacin-induced fetal breathing: mechanism and site of action.
AB  - The mechanism and site of action of indomethacin-induced fetal breathing (FB) was
      investigated in 26 chronically prepared fetal lambs. Indomethacin, which
      preferentially blocks prostaglandin production, was infused into the fetal
      circulation in two stages, 60 mg in 10 min and 60 mg over 7 h. Indomethacin
      stimulated sleep-state independent FB that was greatly reduced or abolished by
      infusions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Infusions of nordihydroguaiaretic acid,
      which preferentially blocks the synthesis of leukotrienes, had no consistent
      effect on either fetal sleep or breathing activity when administered alone or
      after indomethacin. This suggests that the characteristic FB induced by
      indomethacin is due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (PGE2) and not due
      to an overproduction of leukotrienes. The indomethacin effect on FB was observed
      in all fetuses tested including those deprived of peripheral chemoreceptor
      function, vagotomy, decortication, or spinal cord section at the T1 level.
      Complete constriction of the ductus arteriosus for many hours had no effect on
      FB. We conclude that inhibition of PGE2 synthesis stimulates FB by a central
      mechanism other than the cortex.

PMID- 6432754
TI  - Gas mixing during high-frequency ventilation: an improved model.
AB  - A model for gas transport during high-frequency ventilation incorporating
      recently derived empirical forms for the effective diffusivity in oscillatory gas
      flow through a symmetrical branching network is proposed. The model accounts for
      the movement of gas among airways with changing cross-sectional area by using a
      moving-reference-frame analysis. The analysis technique incorporates the
      convective purging of the bias flow at the airway opening. The model predicts
      that although the cycle-averaged CO2 elimination rate (VCO2) depends most
      strongly on the product of frequency and tidal volume (VT), VT has an effect on
      its own, a finding consistent with published observations. This "VT effect" is
      due primarily to the oscillatory movement of gas from more central regions into
      peripheral regions where large cross-sectional areas promote efficient CO2
      transport by molecular diffusion. Although the VT effect exists independent of
      the presence of a bias flow, placing the bias flow near the main carina can
      enhance the VT effect substantially. As VT is increased to values in the range of
      ordinary tidal breaths, VCO2 predicted by the model achieves close agreement with
      VCO2 deduced from conventional gas exchange theory.

PMID- 6432755
TI  - Effect of varied lactate levels on bicycle ergometer performance.
AB  - Six subjects exercised on the bicycle ergometer on three separate occasions. Each
      of the three tests that each subject performed consisted of a 5-min work period
      [95% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max)], followed by a 4-min rest period, and then a
      performance task to exhaustion (90% VO2max). Each test varied only in the
      inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) (16, 21, or 60% O2 in N2) that was breathed during
      the initial 5-min work period. The remainder of each test was carried out with
      21% O2. Total power output was the same for each subject during the initial 5-min
      work bout. However, the varied FIO2 breathed during this initial work period
      resulted in significantly different mean blood lactate (and H+) concentrations at
      the start of the performance task (P less than 0.05). Mean performance time was
      significantly greater (P = 0.04) after the hyperoxic treatment (14.8 min) when
      compared with the hypoxic (9.1 min). Mean blood lactate and H+ levels at
      exhaustion were not significantly different. These data demonstrate that when
      various blood (or muscle) lactate and H+ levels were induced on different
      occasions by leg muscles, the subsequent performance of those muscles was
      significantly affected.

PMID- 6432756
TI  - Cutaneous mastocytoma in a ferret.

PMID- 6432757
TI  - Economic benefits derived from animal health care expenditures.

PMID- 6432758
TI  - The hormonal regulation of premeiotic steps of spermatogenesis in the newborn
      rat.
AB  - .he effect of high doses of testosterone propionate (TP) on the development of
      the first spermatogenic wave was systematically analyzed to determine the period
      of maximal susceptibility to testosterone. Two mg of TP were administered daily
      to groups of immature male rats, starting from birth, or days 5, 10, 15, and 20
      until day 35 of life. Animals injected from birth or day 5 showed severe
      testicular atrophy, with reductions of more than 70% of testicular weight,
      diminished tubular diameters, and spermatogenic arrest during the meiotic
      prophase. Groups treated from days 10 or 15 showed increasing testicular weights
      with qualitatively normal spermatogenesis. When treatment started at 20 days,
      completely normal testicular development was achieved. To test the responsiveness
      of the neonatal hypothalamo-pituitary axis to TP administration, groups of 5-day
      old male rats received daily injections of TP, and plasma FSH was determined at
      ten, 20, and 35 days. FSH levels were not detectable at ten and 20 days, and
      extremely depressed at 35. A group of 5-day-old male rats was injected
      simultaneously with 2 mg of TP and 14 IU of FSH (human menopausal gonadotropin:
      71 IU of FSH and 80 IU of LH/ml) until day 35. Testicular weights and tubular
      diameters were increased compared to controls, and spermatid differentiation had
      proceeded to more mature steps than those seen in control animals. Inhibition of
      testicular development by neonatal TP administration was paralleled by a sharp
      decrease in circulating FSH levels and reversed by FSH replacement.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432759
TI  - Bromocriptine in the management of infertile men after surgery of prolactin
      secreting adenomas.
AB  - This study evaluated bromocriptine treatment in nine patients with prolactin
      secreting adenomas who continued to have elevated circulating levels of prolactin
      after surgery, and who were interested in improving their sperm counts. These
      patients were brought into the study 3.2 +/- 1.8 years (mean +/- SD) after
      surgery. All of them presented with high circulating levels of prolactin, and
      eight of the patients had oligozoospermia (range 0-10 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml). LH
      and testosterone levels were low in seven patients, and eight patients had low
      FSH values. All patients were treated for 90 days with 7.5 mg/day of
      bromocriptine. After treatment, prolactin levels decreased significantly in all
      patients, while sperm counts increased significantly in five of them.
      Testosterone levels increased in four subjects. Bromocriptine therefore seems
      useful in the management of this type of patient because of the observed decline
      in prolactin levels and the increase in sperm counts. Possible mechanisms
      involved in this action are discussed.

PMID- 6432760
TI  - A new aminoglycoside antibiotic G-367 S1, 2'-N-formylsisomicin fermentation,
      isolation and characterization.
AB  - A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, G-367 S1 (2'-N-formylsisomicin, C20H37N5O8)
      produced by a rare actinomycetes, Dactylosporangium thailandense G-367 (FERM-P
      4840) has been isolated by column chromatography on a cation-exchange resin. G
      367 S1 is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6432761
TI  - The myxovalargins, new peptide antibiotics from Myxococcus fulvus
      (Myxobacterales). I. Cultivation, isolation, and some chemical and biological
      properties.
AB  - Antibiotic activity was isolated from the culture supernatant of the
      myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus strain Mx f65. It was active against Gram
      positive bacteria (MIC 0.3 approximately 5 micrograms/ml), at higher
      concentrations also against Gram-negative ones (MIC 6 approximately 100
      micrograms/ml), and not at all against yeasts and molds. The activity could be
      resolved into 4 closely related peptides, the myxovalargins. One of them,
      myxovalargin A, was by far the most plentiful. The compounds appear to be new
      antibiotics and seem to interfere with protein synthesis.

PMID- 6432762
TI  - Prumycin produced by Bacillus cereus.

PMID- 6432763
TI  - A new antitumor antibiotic, kazusamycin.
AB  - A new antibiotic kazusamycin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces
      sp. No. 81-484, which shows antitumor activity against experimental murine
      tumors. This antibiotic did not possess antibacterial activity against Gram
      positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but showed strong cytotoxic activity against
      HeLa cells in vitro. The chemical and physico-chemical properties of kazusamycin
      suggest that the molecular formula of this antibiotic is C33H48O7 (MW 556).

PMID- 6432764
TI  - Carbon catabolite repression of penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium
      chrysogenum.
AB  - The addition of glucose to batch cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78
      reduced the biosynthesis of penicillin. This regulatory effect was also observed
      in penicillin biosynthesis by nitrogen-limited resting cells when cultures were
      previously grown in high concentrations of glucose. The effect of glucose was
      concentration-dependent in the range of 28-140 mM. Incorporation of L-[U
      14C]valine into penicillin in nitrogen-limited resting cultures was reduced by
      70% when cells were grown on 140 mM glucose, as compared with that grown on
      lactose. It was not affected when the sugar was added to the resting cell system,
      in which penicillin biosynthesis took place without growth. Fructose, galactose
      and sucrose exerted the regulatory effect to the same extent as glucose (64 to
      70%). Lactose did not exert suppression of penicillin biosynthesis. Penicillin
      synthesizing activity in control cultures with lactose reached a peak at 24 hours
      of incubation and decreased slowly thereafter, as studied with resting cell
      cultures in which further protein synthesis was blocked with cycloheximide.
      Glucose repressed the formation of penicillin-synthesizing enzymes, but had no
      effect on the activity of these enzymes. These results suggest that glucose
      represses but does not inhibit penicillin biosynthesis.

PMID- 6432765
TI  - Obafluorin, a novel beta-lactone produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Taxonomy,
      fermentation and biological properties.

PMID- 6432766
TI  - Detection of antibodies in sera of leprosy patients and contacts by enzyme linked
      immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA).

PMID- 6432767
TI  - Use of polyethylene glycol in the radioimmunoassay of aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to separate the antibody-bound ligand from the
      free ligand in the radioimmunoassay of aflatoxin B1. Conditions affecting
      precipitation of the bound ligand are described. Maximal precipitation of
      antibody-bound aflatoxin B1 requires an aqueous PEG concentration of 15-20% and
      0.4 mg of carrier gamma-globulin. Precipitation is unaffected by pH variations
      from 6 to 9, by NaCl concentrations below 0.28 M, and by Tris-HCl concentrations
      below 0.2 M. The radioimmunoassay procedure is simple, rapid, and sensitive and
      could be used to assay aflatoxin B1 in unextracted sera or in peanut butter after
      solvent extraction.

PMID- 6432768
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in rat adjuvant arthritis and its inhibition by indomethacin.
AB  - Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats by the injection of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis, and its severity was scored according to the macroscopic findings
      of the legs, tails, and ears. The average score so obtained was lower when the
      rats also received indomethacin (1.5 mg/kg/day). The depression of the
      albumin/globulin ratio was inhibited significantly by the administration of
      indomethacin. The levels of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated
      after the injection of an adjuvant, but they decreased to some extent in rats
      administered indomethacin. The levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive
      substances in the sera and synovia were elevated at 2 weeks after the injection
      of adjuvant and decreased thereafter. In rats administered 1.5 mg/kg of
      indomethacin, the increase in both serum and synovial levels of TBA reactants was
      inhibited significantly. These observations suggest that the aggravation of
      adjuvant arthritis may be associated with lipid peroxidation and that
      indomethacin may, in part, exert its anti-inflammatory effect by preventing lipid
      peroxide-induced damage of the synovial membrane.

PMID- 6432769
TI  - Proteinase affinity chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose.
AB  - Antibiotic-cyclopeptide bacitracin covalently bound to Sepharose proved to be an
      efficient general ligand for affinity chromatography of aspartyl, serine, and
      metalloproteinases from various sources. The yields of purified enzymes varied
      from 50 to 180%. New experimental data extend the application of bacitracin
      Sepharose for affinity chromatography of cysteine proteinases--papain, bromelain,
      and ficin. Hence, bacitracin acts as a ligand which more or less efficiently
      binds proteinases that belong to all the main classes of these enzymes.
      Bacitracin, being a weak proteinase inhibitor of broad specificity, interacts
      with the substrate-binding sites of proteinases, which explains its efficiency as
      a ligand.

PMID- 6432770
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk.
AB  - The official AOAC method for aflatoxin M1 in milk was modified by replacing
      cellulose column chromatography with cartridge chromatographic cleanup and
      replacing thin layer chromatographic (TLC) determination with liquid
      chromatographic (LC) quantitation to yield a new method for bovine and porcine
      milk. An acetone extract of milk is treated with lead acetate and defatted with
      hexane, and M1 is partitioned into chloroform as in the AOAC method. Chloroform
      is removed by evaporation under a stream of nitrogen at 50 degrees C. The residue
      is dissolved in chloroform, the vessel is rinsed with hexane, and the 2 solutions
      are applied in sequence to a hexane-activated silica Sep-Pak cartridge. Less
      polar impurities are removed with hexane-ethyl ether, and M1 is eluted with
      chloroform-methanol, and determined by C18 reverse phase LC using fluorescence
      detection. Recoveries of M1 added to bovine milk at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 ng/mL
      were 90.8, 93.4, and 94.1%, respectively. The limit of detection was less than
      0.1 ng M1/mL for both bovine and porcine milk.

PMID- 6432771
TI  - Improved Storherr tube for assisted and sweep co-distillation cleanup of
      pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pentachlorophenol from animal fats.
AB  - A procedure is presented for the simultaneous extraction from animal fat and
      quantitation of 15 pesticide residues, 4 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
      formulations, and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Silanization of the Storherr tube
      packing reduces thermal decomposition and allows for residue recoveries in excess
      of 88% from pork, beef, chicken, sheep, and rabbit fat. This Storherr tube
      performs well in either the assisted distillation or sweep co-distillation mode
      of operation. Detection limits of 2-5 ppb for the pesticides and 10 ppb for the
      PCBs are readily attained.

PMID- 6432772
TI  - Neuroendocrine dysfunction and response to tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Patients with DSM-III unipolar major depression (N = 26) were treated with
      tricyclic antidepressants after 2 weeks of inpatient drug-free observation and
      neuroendocrine testing. Medication was prescribed with individualized dosages and
      was monitored with blood levels. Treatment response (greater than or equal to 50%
      decrease in Hamilton depression score after 4 weeks) was seen in 6 of 13 patients
      given desipramine and 7 of 13 given nortriptyline. Of the 13 nonresponders, 9
      accepted treatment with another drug and/or ECT; 5 responded. Thus, 18 of the 26
      patients responded to treatment. Abnormal pretreatment DST was correlated with
      increased responsiveness to treatment, although all patients had a high
      probability of response.

PMID- 6432773
TI  - Genetically regulated expression of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: GM3(NeuGc) N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase [EC 2.4.1.92] activity in mouse liver.
AB  - GM2 containing NeuGc was a major ganglioside in the liver of mouse strains such
      as BALB/c, DBA/2, C3H/He, and C57BL/10, whereas WHT/Ht mouse liver did not
      contain GM2(NeuGc) but contained GM3(NeuGc) as a major ganglioside. Since
      GM3(NeuGc) is a biosynthetic precursor of GM2(NeuGc), WHT/Ht liver was considered
      to lack the ability to synthesize GM2(NeuGc) from GM3(NeuGc) (Hashimoto, Y., et
      al. (1983) J. Biochem. 93, 895-901). In this study we measured the activity of
      UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine : GM3(NeuGc) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in the
      liver of BALB/c, WHT/Ht, and their progeny. The transferase activity in the
      microsomal fraction of BALB/c liver was 2.10 +/- 0.32 X 10(-5) units/mg protein
      (means +/- S.D.), whereas no activity was detected in that of WHT/Ht liver, F1
      hybrids between BALB/c and WHT/Ht expressed GM2(NeuGc) as well as the enzyme
      activity, the level of which was almost half that in BALB/c liver 1.10 +/- 0.12 X
      10(-5) units/mg protein). The backcross generation of F1 to WHT/Ht segregated
      into two groups with respect to expression of GM2(NeuGc) and the transferase
      activity: 11 of the 21 mice analyzed expressed both GM2(NeuGc) and the
      transferase activity (1.28 +/- 0.18 X 10(-5) units/mg protein), whereas the rest
      expressed neither. These results suggest that the expression of GM2(NeuGc) is
      directly regulated by the activity of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: GM3(NeuGc) N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in mouse liver.

PMID- 6432774
TI  - Glucagon and glucose as major regulators of glycogen metabolism in primary
      cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The short-term controls of glycogen synthase [EC 2.4.1.11] and glycogen
      phosphorylase [EC 2.4.1.1] by major regulators, such as insulin, glucose,
      catecholamine, and glucagon, were compared in a simple, yet organized
      experimental system, i.e., adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Glycogen
      synthase was activated by glucose markedly and dose-dependently (5-40 mM), but
      insulin alone (1 X 10(-8) M) activated this enzyme only two-fold. Therefore,
      activation of the enzyme by the two regulators together was mostly due to
      activation by glucose. Glucagon at a concentration of 5 X 10(-10) M suppressed
      this activation almost completely. Glucagon at this concentration activated
      phosphorylase considerably and this activation was slightly inhibited by insulin.
      Phenylephrine also activated phosphorylase, and this activation was inhibited by
      phenoxybenzamine or prazosin, suggesting that activation by catecholamine is
      through the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor. Similarly a high concentration of
      glucose diminished the effects of glucagon and phenylephrine. These results
      suggest that in rat liver, glycogen metabolism is controlled mainly by glucagon,
      catecholamine, and glucose; the former two activate phosphorylase and inactivate
      synthase, while glucose activates synthase strongly and inactivates phosphorylase
      partially. Insulin plays a minor role in both reactions. Thus, the liver is
      primarily an organ for glucose production, which is regulated by hormones, not
      for glycogen storage, which is increased only by a high glucose concentration in
      the portal blood.

PMID- 6432775
TI  - Tetrahymena histone H3. Purification and two variant sequences.
AB  - The H3 histone of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis was obtained as described
      previously (Fusauchi, Y. & Iwai, K. (1983) J. Biochem. 93, 1487-1497) and further
      purified by Sephadex G-50 chromatography after reduction and carboxymethylation.
      The purified H3 was shown to comprise two variants, 75 mol% of H3(1) and 25 mol%
      of H3(2). The H3 mixture was directly sequenced by Edman degradation from the N
      terminal through residue 104. Sequence determination was further performed with
      tryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments derived from the H3 mixture.
      Thus, the total sequences of H3(1) and H3(2) were completely determined; both
      consist of a total of 135 amino acid residues (the molecular weights in the
      unmodified form are 15,336 for H3(1) and 15,424 for H3(2), and both are partially
      acetylated or methylated at the same six lysine residues to similar extents. The
      H3(1) and H3(2) sequences differ in 14 positions from each other, and in 17 and
      21 positions from those of human spleen H3 (Ohe, Y. & Iwai, K. (1981) J. Biochem.
      90, 1205-1211). The implications of these results for the structure-function
      relationship of this histone species and also for the phylogeny of protozoa are
      discussed.

PMID- 6432776
TI  - Assay of tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase based on
      rapid separation of the reaction product by high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A rapid separation of 5-hydroxytryptophan by high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) was achieved for the assay of tryptophan hydroxylase. "Bulk
      separation" of the product from all other components in the reaction mixture by
      HPLC was achieved by 1) the choice of a suitable column-solvent system so as to
      elute the reaction product ahead of other components in the sample mixture, 2)
      the use of a monitor selective for the reaction product, 3) minimization of the
      column length so as to achieve rapid separation of the product from the
      substrate. The method finally employed a reversed phase column of 5 cm length,
      relatively rapid elution at 2 ml/min and fluorescence detection at 350 nm with an
      excitation at 302 nm. The assay is convenient and as sensitive as the
      radioisotope method. The advantages of the method are 1) almost no pretreatment
      of samples, 2) repeatability every 2 min, 3) wide latitude of product
      determination from picomole to nanomole amounts per assay. The method was
      extended to the assay of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase by essentially the
      same procedures.

PMID- 6432777
TI  - Adrenodoxin interaction with adrenodoxin reductase and cytochrome P-450scc. Cross
      linking of protein complexes and effects of adrenodoxin modification by 1-ethyl-3
      (3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide.
AB  - Modification of the three carboxyl groups on adrenodoxin using a water-soluble
      carbodiimide (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) caused a weakening
      of the binding of this iron-sulfur protein to both its electron donor protein,
      adrenodoxin reductase, and its electron acceptor protein, cytochrome P-450scc.
      Based upon the proximity of the modified groups, the site on adrenodoxin for
      interaction with the other two proteins is likely to be either identical or
      highly overlapping, and formation of a ternary complex among the proteins is
      precluded. Upon incubation of adrenodoxin and either adrenodoxin reductase or
      cytochrome P-450 plus the carbodiimide (1:1), covalently cross-linked species
      were formed. When all three proteins were incubated with the cross-linker, only
      the binary complexes were formed, and no higher order (e.g. 1:1:1 or 1:2:1)
      complexes were seen. These studies indicate that adrenodoxin forms exclusive
      binary complexes with its electron transfer partner proteins, and thus provide a
      physical explanation for the proposed role of adrenodoxin as a mobile electron
      shuttle between NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase and cytochrome P-450scc.

PMID- 6432778
TI  - Effect of iron deficiency on succinate- and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases in
      skeletal muscle mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of iron deficiency on the NADH- and succinate-oxidizing complexes of
      rat skeletal muscle mitochondria have been investigated. Both systems were
      similarly affected: activities were about 30% of normal in dehydrogenase,
      ubiquinone reductase, and oxidase assays, and similar reductions in the
      concentration of their respective flavin prosthetic groups were also evident in
      the iron-deficient membranes. Thus, the turnover numbers of the two enzymes were
      unchanged in iron deficiency. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed similarly reduced levels of those peptide components of
      Complexes I and II that could be unequivocally distinguished. Soluble beef heart
      succinate dehydrogenase added to alkaline-treated rat skeletal muscle
      mitochondrial membranes attached to binding sites exposed by the treatment,
      forming a hybrid complex indistinguishable from the original skeletal muscle
      complex, with restoration of succinoxidase and succinate-ubiquinone reductase
      activities to the levels observed in the original rat membranes. Iron-deficient
      particles behaved like the normal in these tests. No unfilled binding sites for
      the enzyme could be detected prior to alkaline treatment. The data are
      interpreted as indicating that the lower activities of these two respiratory
      complexes in iron deficiency are due to lower content of the enzymes rather than
      to the presence of impaired enzymes in the membrane, that only fully competent
      complexes are present in these membranes, and that iron-deficient complexes are
      either not assembled or are lost after assembly.

PMID- 6432779
TI  - Abnormal lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation by a human
      apolipoprotein A-I variant in which a single lysine residue is deleted.
AB  - An apolipoprotein (apo) A-I variant that has a relative charge of -1 compared to
      normal apo-A-I on isoelectric focusing gels has been identified in five unrelated
      families as a result of screening a large number of individuals. The cause of the
      electrophoretic abnormality has been examined by analyzing the variant apo-A-I
      structure. The evidence suggests that a single amino acid, lysine 107, has been
      deleted in the variant apo-A-I of all affected individuals studied from these
      families, with the remainder of the variant apo-A-I sequence being unaffected.
      The deletion of this single basic amino acid residue is sufficient to account for
      the charge difference between the variant and normal apo-A-I as seen on
      isoelectric focusing gels. This variant, previously referred to as A-I-Marburg or
      A-I-Munster-2, can now be designated by the structural abnormality apo-A-I(Lys107
      ---0). The evidence from extensive pedigree analysis suggests the likelihood that
      the deletion mutant gene is allelic to the normal apo-A-I gene. At the same time,
      the kindred analyses have failed to yield a lipid abnormality that can be
      unequivocally related to the presence of this deletion mutant of apo-A-I.
      However, all subjects expressing apo-A-I(Lys107----0) also express normal apo-A
      I, so that any abnormality caused by the variant apo-A-I might be adequately
      compensated for by the normal apo-A-I. To examine directly the functional
      consequence of the lysine deletion, the isolated variant was tested in vitro for
      its ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, the principal
      cholesterol-esterifying enzyme in plasma. It was found that apo-A-I(Lys107----0)
      is deficient in its ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase,
      having only 40-60% of the cofactor activity of normal apo-A-I. The cofactor
      activity of the pro-apo-A-I component of the variant was also reduced to about
      60% of either normal A-I or normal pro-apo-A-I. The functional defect is probably
      related to a disruption in the secondary and/or tertiary structure of the protein
      caused by the deletion of lysine 107 in the primary structure.

PMID- 6432780
TI  - 13C NMR studies of the thermal properties of a model high density lipoprotein.
      Apolipoprotein A-I-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine complex.
AB  - The most abundant lipid and protein components of human plasma high density
      lipoproteins are phosphatidylcholine and apolipoprotein A-I (A-I). Under
      appropriate conditions, A-I spontaneously associates with
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) to quantitatively form a lipid-protein
      complex with a DMPC/A-I molar ratio of 100:1. Differential scanning calorimetry
      of this complex reveals two broad thermal transitions centered at approximately
      27 and 72 degrees C. 13C NMR spectra of the complex have been obtained above, at,
      and below the lower transition temperature. The 13C resonance arising from the 3'
      carbon of the fatty acyl chains is a doublet, split by approximately 0.2 ppm,
      suggesting that the 3' carbon nuclei occupy two magnetically inequivalent sites.
      By replacing the sn-2 fatty acyl chain with myristate selectively 13C-enriched at
      carbon 3', we have shown that the splitting is, in fact, a result of magnetic
      inequivalence of the two sites and have assigned the lower field resonance to the
      3' carbon nucleus of the sn-2 chain. The temperature dependence of the NMR
      relaxation rates indicates that the endothermic transition at 27 degrees C is
      associated with increased motional freedom for the phospholipids within this
      complex. The temperature dependence of the fatty acyl chain methylene 13C
      chemical shifts suggests that the population of gauche conformers increases above
      the transition temperature. These dynamic and conformational changes are
      characteristic of gel----liquid crystalline phase transitions observed in pure
      phospholipid systems. For the DMPC-A-I complex at 37 degrees C, the chemical
      shifts of the fatty acyl C 4'- 11' methylene envelope and of the C 7' and C 13'
      resonances occur significantly downfield from the corresponding chemical shifts
      for the DMPC vesicle. These results suggest that the apoprotein rigidifies the
      acyl chains by increasing their number of trans conformers.

PMID- 6432781
TI  - Cystathionine gamma-lyase of Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. The occurrence of
      cystathionine gamma-lyase in filamentous bacteria and its purification and
      characterization.
AB  - Cystathionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1) is widely distributed in actinomycetes,
      e.g. genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Micropolyspora, Mycobacterium,
      Nocardia, Streptosporangium, and Streptoverticillium. The enzyme was purified
      from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes (IFO 3105) in nine steps. After the last
      steps, the enzyme appeared to be homogenous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, analytical centrifugation, and double diffusion in agarose. The
      enzyme crystallized in the apo form with the addition of ammonium sulfate. The
      enzyme has a molecular weight of about 166,000 and consists of four subunits
      identical in molecular weight. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 and
      421 nm and contains 4 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol of enzyme. L
      Cystathionine, L-homoserine, DL-lanthionine, L-djenkolic acid, and L-cystine are
      cleaved as preferred substrates by the Streptomyces enzyme. The alpha, beta
      elimination reaction of L-cystathionine is also catalyzed by the enzyme at a
      ratio of about one-seventh of the alpha, gamma-elimination reaction.
      Cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) and cystathionine gamma-synthase (EC
      4.2.99.9) activities were also detected in crude extracts of S. phaeochromogenes,
      but cystathionine beta-lyase (EC 4.4.1.8) was not. Consequently, the reverse
      transsulfuration pathway in actinomycetes may be similar to that in yeast and
      molds.

PMID- 6432782
TI  - Mode of action and substrate specificities of cellulases from cloned bacterial
      genes.
AB  - Three recombinant plasmids, pEC1, pEC2, and pEC3, each containing a unique
      Cellulomonas fimi chromosomal DNA insert, expressed Cm-cellulase activities in
      Escherichia coli C600 (Whittle, D. J., Kilburn, D. H., Warren, R. A. J., and
      Miller, R. C., Jr. (1982) Gene (Amst.) 17, 139-145; Gilkes, N. R., Kilburn, D.
      G., Langsford, M. L., Miller, R. C., Jr., Wakarchuk, W. W., Warren, R. A. J.,
      Whittle, D. J., and Wong, W. K. R. (1984) J. Gen. Microbiol. 130, 1377-1384).
      Viscometric and chemical analyses showed that the enzymes encoded by pEC2 and
      pEC3 behaved as endoglucanases, whereas that encoded by pEC1 behaved as an
      exoglucanase. The activities of the exoglucanase and the pEC2-encoded
      endodglucanase were additive on Cm-cellulose as substrate. The pEC1-encoded
      enzyme also hydrolyzed xylan and p-nitrophenyl cellobioside. Two substrate-bound
      Cm-cellulases were isolated from the residual cellulose in a C. fimi culture by
      guanidine hydrochloride elution, affinity chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Both were glycoproteins of apparent Mr = 58,000 and 56,000,
      respectively. The 56-kDa enzyme appeared to be identical with the pEC1-encoded
      product, suggesting that they arise from the same gene.

PMID- 6432783
TI  - Circular polymerization of the membranolytic ninth component of complement.
      Dependence on metal ions.
AB  - The ninth component of complement (C9) polymerizes to tubules either
      spontaneously at a very slow rate (3 days at 37 degrees C) or within minutes if
      induced by C5b-8 as part of the membrane attack assembly (Tschopp, J., Podack, E.
      R., and Muller-Eberhard, H. J. (1984) J. Immunol., in press). The spontaneous
      formation of tubular sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant C9 polymers was completely
      inhibited in the presence of 1 mM EDTA. In contrast, the presence of Cu2+, Zn2+,
      and Cd2+ accelerated C9 polymerization. Zn2+ was the most efficient metal ion. At
      a molar ratio of one Zn2+ per monomeric C9, all C9 polymerized within 2 h. At
      Zn2+ concentrations above 10(-3) M, tubular C9 formation was inhibited due to
      nonspecific aggregation of C9. It is concluded that the presence of metal ions is
      required for the formation of tubular poly C9 and that Zn2+ in particular
      catalyzes C9 polymerization.

PMID- 6432784
TI  - Dissipative structures in proteoglycan solutions.
AB  - Diffusion in multicomponent solutions containing proteoglycan is shown to result
      in the formation of coherent, fluid structures (known as dissipative structures)
      and induction of rapid polymer transport. These phenomena occur over a wide range
      of conditions (i.e. varying solute distribution, concentration, size, and
      chemical composition) which are envisaged to occur in the extracellular matrix of
      connective tissues. A concentration gradient of chondroitin sulfate in a
      proteoglycan matrix of uniform concentration yields dissipative structures which
      transport the proteoglycan up to 300-fold faster than its transport in the
      absence of the gradient component. Similar behavior was observed with other
      polysaccharide and monosaccharide concentration gradient components.
      Amplification of structure formation and rapid transport was achieved by 1)
      increasing the concentration of proteoglycan matrix, 2) increasing the magnitude
      of the concentration gradient, 3) decreasing the molecular weight of the gradient
      forming component, and 4) decreasing the concentration gradient of proteoglycan
      in the matrix. Dissipative structure morphology exhibits a marked dependence on
      the initial component distribution. Non-specific, excluded volume interactions
      between the proteoglycan and the gradient component are believed to induce
      coupled diffusive transport of the proteoglycan. This leads to microscopic
      density inversions which nucleate and develop into macroscopic convective flows.
      These results are similar to those previously observed in ternary solutions of
      uncharged polymers (i.e. dextran/polyvinylpyrrolidone). We have demonstrated that
      dissipative structures may transport Micrococcus luteus cells as well as various
      solutes. Flows were also observed in proteoglycan solutions after localized
      addition of small amounts of either a proteolytic enzyme or hyaluronic acid. It
      is likely that the prerequisites for this spontaneous macroscopic self
      organization, as manifested by the flow phenomenon, are present in the
      extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

PMID- 6432785
TI  - Cytochrome b558 from (bovine) granulocytes. Partial purification from Triton X
      114 extracts and properties of the isolated cytochrome.
AB  - A membrane-associated b-type cytochrome (a proposed component in the neutrophil
      microbicidal superoxide generating system) has been partially purified from
      nonactivated beef granulocytes to a specific heme content of 20 nmol of heme/mg
      of protein, a value about 10-fold higher than those previously reported. The
      hemoprotein was solubilized at low temperature (4 degrees C) from mixed granule
      (30,000 X g) cell fractions using Triton X-114 detergent. Warming the extract to
      25 degrees C allowed separation into detergent and aqueous phases; cytochrome
      b558 partitioned exclusively into the detergent phase, allowing separation from
      other visible-absorbing species (e.g. myeloperoxidase) and indicated an intrinsic
      membrane localization (Bordier, C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1604-1607). The
      partitioned cytochrome was chromatographed on hydroxylapatite and a hydrophobic
      affinity matrix, allowing a 185-fold (heme content) purification from the granule
      extract. The cytochrome preparation revealed three equal-staining protein bands
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; apparent
      molecular weights were 14,000, 12,000, and 11,000. The question of heterogeneity
      of the preparation versus subunit structure is not resolved at present. The
      hemoprotein binds carbon monoxide, consistent with a proposed role as a terminal
      oxidase, and has an unusually negative oxidation-reduction potential (-225 mV)
      similar to that observed in granulocyte membranes. The preparation is devoid of
      NAD(P)H-diaphorase and cytochrome c reductase activities.

PMID- 6432786
TI  - Proximity of 5.8 S RNA-binding proteins and A-site proteins in yeast ribosomes
      inferred from cross-linking.
AB  - In order to probe the spatial arrangement of proteins within the 5.8 S rRNA
      domain of the intact ribosomal subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 60 S
      ribosomal subunits were treated with 2-iminothiolane. Proteins were extracted
      from the cross-linked ribosomes, fractionated by Sephadex G-150 column
      chromatography, and analyzed by diagonal polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gel electrophoresis. Constituent proteins of cross-linked pairs were identified
      by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nine cross-links involving
      five of the 11 5.8 S rRNA-binding proteins were analyzed. A model showing the
      network of cross-links is presented. Several of the 5.8 S rRNA-binding proteins
      are in sufficiently close proximity of the ribosomal A-site proteins to be cross
      linked.

PMID- 6432787
TI  - Mechanism-based inactivation of bacterial kynureninase by beta-substituted amino
      acids.
AB  - Kynureninase from Pseudomonas marginalis has been shown to catalyze the
      elimination of beta-functionalities of beta-substituted amino acids such as beta
      chloro-L-alanine, resulting in the formation of aminoacrylate-pyridoxal phosphate
      enzyme complex. This intermediate can be processed further to produce either
      pyruvate, ammonia, and active enzyme or an inactive enzyme complex. Approximately
      1 in 500 turnovers leads to inactivation of the enzyme. The mechanism of
      inactivation appears to involve nucleophilic addition of a carboxylate group at
      the active site to the beta-carbon of the aminoacrylate complex. Both subunits of
      kynureninase have been shown to be catalytically competent although the native
      enzyme contains only one pyridoxal phosphate per dimer. Since both aspartate beta
      decarboxylase and kynureninase catalyze mechanistically similar reactions, these
      results further support the notion that the two active sites may have several
      common features.

PMID- 6432788
TI  - Carnitine biosynthesis from gamma-butyrobetaine and from exogenous protein-bound
      6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine by the perfused guinea pig liver. Effect of ascorbate
      deficiency on the in situ activity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase.
AB  - The production of carnitine from peptide-bound 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine (Lys(Me3))
      or 4-N-trimethyl-aminobutyrate(gamma-butyrobetaine) perfused through isolated
      guinea pig livers was investigated. [Methyl-3H] Lys(Me3)-labeled agalacto
      orosomucoid (AGOR) and asialofetuin were rapidly taken up and degraded by the
      perfused liver. Most of the free Lys(Me3) derived from Lys(Me3)-AGOR was released
      unmodified into the perfusion medium. However, Lys(Me3), arising from Lys(Me3)
      asialofetuin was converted mostly to gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine. gamma
      Butyrobetaine added to the perfusion medium was hydroxylated to carnitine by the
      liver at a rate of 2.3 mumol/h. Guinea pigs maintained on an ascorbate-free diet
      for 17-60 days showed lowered ascorbate contents in all tissues measured and,
      coincidentally, a sharp reduction in carnitine levels in kidney, liver, and
      cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Carnitine production from [1,2,3,4-14C]gamma
      butyrobetaine and [methyl-3H]Lys(Me3)-asialofetuin was reduced in perfused livers
      obtained from ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs. Although hydroxylation of gamma
      butyrobetaine to carnitine was effectively depressed in the perfused isolated
      livers from ascorbate-deficient animals, hydroxylation of [methyl-3H]Lys(Me3)
      (derived from asialofetuin) to [methyl-3H]3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine was
      unaffected. Prior administration of ascorbate to the medium perfusing the
      isolated livers caused carnitine biosynthesis from all precursors examined to
      return to control values.

PMID- 6432789
TI  - Purification of a fluoroacetate-specific defluorinase from mouse liver cytosol.
AB  - Fluoraocetate-specific defluorinase, an enzyme which catalyzes the release of
      fluoride ion from the rodenticide fluoroacetate, has been purified 347-fold from
      mouse liver cytosol and shown to be distinct from multiple cationic and anionic
      glutathione S-transferase isozymes. Fluoroacetate-specific defluorinase was
      obtained at a final specific activity of 659 nmol of F-/min/mg of protein and was
      prepared in an overall yield of 12%. The isoelectric point of this hepatic enzyme
      was acidic, at pH 6.4, as determined by column chromatofocusing. The molecular
      weight of the active species was estimated at 41,000, and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels of the purified defluorinase demonstrated a predominant
      subunit, Mr = 27,000. Chromatofocusing completely partitioned the fluoroacetate
      specific defluorinase from two separate peaks of murine anionic glutathione S
      transferase activity. Rabbit antibodies prepared against the purified hepatic
      defluorinase quantitatively precipitated native defluorinase from mouse and rat
      liver, but were unable to immunoprecipitate cationic or anionic glutathione S
      transferase enzymes from the same preparation. The evidence presented suggests
      that fluoroacetate-specific defluorinase and glutathione S-transferase activities
      are catalyzed by separate proteins present in the cytosol of mouse liver.

PMID- 6432790
TI  - Structure of sialylated fucosyl lactosaminoglycan isolated from human
      granulocytes.
AB  - Sialylated fucosyl lactosaminoglycan was isolated from human neutrophilic
      granulocytes and its structure was elucidated. The lactosaminoglycan
      glycopeptides were digested by endo-beta-galactosidase and "the core portion" and
      released oligosaccharides were analyzed by permethylation, fast atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry, and exoglycosidases. In addition, lactosaminoglycan
      saccharides were obtained by hydrazinolysis and the structures of fractionated
      sialyl oligosaccharides were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry
      and permethylation coupled with exoglycosidase treatment. The structure of one of
      the major components was found to be: (Formula: see text). This structure is
      unique in that 1) four linear polylactosaminyl side chains are attached to the
      core portion, 2) the side chain arising from position 4 of 2,4-linked mannose
      contains one or more alpha 1----3 fucosyl residues, 3) the side chain arising
      from position 6 of 2,6-linked mannose is terminated with NeuNAc alpha 2---
      3Gal(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc, sialyl Lex, and 4) the side chain arising from
      position 2 of 2,4-linked mannose is terminated with sialic acid through alpha 2--
      -6 linkage.

PMID- 6432791
TI  - Human lung tryptase. Purification and characterization.
AB  - Human lung tryptase, a mast cell-derived trypsin-like serine protease, has been
      isolated from whole human lung tissue obtained at autopsy. Increased yields from
      this purification process have allowed extensive characterization of the enzyme.
      One of the critical steps in the purification scheme is the use of a linear
      heparin gradient to elute active material from cellulose phosphate. Gel
      filtration studies in 1.0 M NaCl yielded an apparent Mr = 135,000, and subsequent
      electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels demonstrated the
      presence of two active species with apparent Mr = 30,900 and 31,600. Enzymatic
      activity was sensitive to NaCl concentrations above 0.05 M and was only 50% in
      0.15 M NaCl, decreasing to 18% in 0.6 M NaCl. The effects of synthetic and
      natural inhibitors have also been studied, confirming the enzyme's trypsin-like
      characteristics and demonstrating that naturally occurring serum inhibitors are
      incapable of diminishing its activity. A complete amino acid analysis showed a
      high tryptophan content. Lastly, antisera to human lung tryptase have been
      generated, and the immunological identity of active fractions has been
      investigated as well as the localization of the enzyme to the mast cell granule
      by immunohistochemical staining.

PMID- 6432792
TI  - High ratio of alkali-sensitive lesions to total DNA modification induced by
      benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide.
AB  - The ratio of alkali-labile lesions to total DNA adducts for DNA modified by an
      active metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene was investigated using DNA sequencing
      methodology. About 40% of the adducts formed result in alkali-labile sites. About
      25% of the lesions were alkali-labile at positions of guanine, 10% at adenine,
      and 5% at cytosine. This study highlights the potential role of adducts other
      than the N2-substituted guanine in mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of
      benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 6432793
TI  - Threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Chinese hamster ovary cells is phosphorylated on
      serine.
AB  - A Chinese hamster ovary cell line, 2000A, in which threonyl-tRNA synthetase
      accounts for 1.5% of the total soluble protein, was used to demonstrate that this
      enzyme is a phosphoprotein. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase was isolated by
      immunoprecipitation from cells labeled with 32Pi for 18 h. Phosphoamino acid
      analysis of radiolabeled threonyl-tRNA synthetase showed that phosphorylation
      occurs on serine.

PMID- 6432794
TI  - Modification of glutathione levels in C3H/10T1/2 cells and its relationship to
      benzo(a)pyrene anti-7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-epoxide-induced cytotoxicity.
AB  - Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in C3H/10T1/2 cells were selectively altered
      to determine what quantitative role GSH transferase-catalyzed conjugation plays
      in regulating the cytotoxic effects of benzo(a)pyrene anti-7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10
      epoxide (r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene, anti
      diol epoxide). A 65% decrease in 10T1/2 cell GSH content from 0.16 mM (control
      cell GSH concentration) to 0.06 mM was accompanied by a 46% decrease in the anti
      diol epoxide LD80; a 98% increase in GSH content resulted in a 44% increase in
      anti-diol epoxide LD80. This nonlinear relationship between changes in cellular
      GSH concentration and anti-diol epoxide LD80 was directly relatable to the
      nonlinear change in the rate of anti-diol epoxide conjugation which was catalyzed
      by 10T1/2 cell GSH transferases. Purified 10T1/2 cell cytosol catalyzed the GSH
      conjugation of anti-diol epoxide to yield a GSH conjugation product with a
      distinct UV absorbance spectrum; the apparent GSH Km for this cell cytosol
      catalyzed reaction was 0.20 mM. Variations in the cellular GSH concentration
      around the GSH Km resulted in a nonlinear change in the amount of anti-diol
      epoxide-GSH conjugate formed, and a reciprocal change in the amount of free anti
      diol epoxide available for cytotoxic alkylation events. These results clarify in
      quantitative, biochemical terms how GSH transferase-catalyzed conjugation can
      regulate the level of an electrophilic carcinogen metabolite in a biological
      system.

PMID- 6432795
TI  - Effects of a 6-fluoro substituent on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene 7,8
      dihydrodiol to bay-region diol epoxides by rat liver enzymes.
AB  - Metabolism of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6-fluorobenzo(a)pyrene by liver
      microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats and by a highly purified
      monooxygenase system, reconstituted with cytochrome P-450c, has been examined.
      Although both the fluorinated and unfluorinated 7,8-dihydrodiol formed from
      benzo(a)pyrene by liver microsomes share (R,R)-absolute configuration, the
      fluorinated dihydrodiol prefers the conformation in which the hydroxyl groups are
      pseudodiaxial due to the proximate fluorine. The fluorinated 4,5- and 9,10
      dihydrodiols are also greater than 97% the (R,R)-enantiomers. For benzo(a)pyrene,
      metabolism of the (7R,8R)-dihydrodiol to a bay-region 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide in
      which the benzylic hydroxyl group and epoxide oxygen are trans constitutes the
      only known pathway to an ultimate carcinogen. With the microsomal and the
      purified monooxygenase system, this pathway accounts for 76-82% of the total
      metabolites from the 7,8-dihydrodiol. In contrast, only 32-49% of the
      corresponding diol epoxide is obtained from the fluorinated dihydrodiol and this
      fluorinated diol epoxide has altered conformation in that its hydroxyl groups
      prefer to be pseudodiaxial. Much smaller amounts of the diastereomeric 7,8-diol
      9,10-epoxides in which the benzylic hydroxyl groups and the epoxide oxygen are
      cis are formed from both dihydrodiols. As the fluorinated diol epoxides are
      weaker mutagens toward bacteria and mammalian cells relative to the unfluorinated
      diol epoxides, conformation appears to be an important determinant in modulating
      the biological activity of diol epoxides. One of the more interesting metabolites
      of 6-fluorinated 7,8-dihydrodiol was a relatively stable arene oxide, probably
      the 4,5-oxide, which is resistant to the action of epoxide hydrolase.

PMID- 6432796
TI  - Structure of ethanol-inhibited porcine pepsin at 2-A resolution and binding of
      the methyl ester of phenylalanyl-diiodotyrosine to the enzyme.
AB  - An account of x-ray crystallographic studies of monoclinic porcine pepsin
      crystals is presented. The chain fold specific for aspartyl proteases is
      described in detail. As the results of 2-A refinement have shown, the actual
      structure is that of ethanol-inhibited pepsin. The structure, although close to
      those of fungal aspartyl proteases, has some specific features: one of them is an
      insertion near the S'1 site which restricts the position of dipeptide substrates
      and makes their productive binding more probable than in the fungal enzymes. 3-A
      resolution data on the binding of the dipeptide phenylalanyl-diiodotyrosine
      methyl ester are discussed.

PMID- 6432797
TI  - The ribonucleoprotein substrate for a ribosomal RNA-processing nuclease.
AB  - The Bacillus subtilis RNase M5 activity, responsible for the endonucleolytic
      maturation of 5 S rRNA, requires two proteins, alpha and beta. The beta component
      has been purified to homogeneity and shown to correspond to ribosomal protein
      BL16. The BL16 protein evidently corresponds functionally to Escherichia coli
      ribosomal protein EL18, as that latter protein also will complement the B.
      subtilis alpha protein in the RNase M5 reaction. A filter binding assay for the
      formation of B. subtilis 5 S rRNA-protein complexes was characterized and used to
      evaluate the association of BL16 protein with some RNAs. A native precursor of 5
      S rRNA, containing extra sequences at both termini of the mature domain, binds
      the ribosomal protein no better than the mature 5 S rRNA; the precursor sequences
      do not facilitate that interaction. A model is considered in which the precursor
      segments facilitate, by refolding, the dissociation of processing products prior
      to the RNase M5 step. Electrostatic versus nonelectrostatic contributions to the
      BL16-5 S rRNA complex formation were inspected by analyzing variation in apparent
      association constants as a function of ionic strength. Electrostatic interactions
      were seen to contribute approximately 65% to the overall binding energy.

PMID- 6432798
TI  - The catalytic element of a ribosomal RNA-processing complex.
AB  - The Bacillus subtilis RNase M5 complex, responsible for the terminal maturation
      of 5 S rRNA, includes two proteins. One of these proteins is ribosomal protein
      BL16 (equivalent to Escherichia coli EL18); the other, the alpha component, is
      required for catalysis. The RNase M5 alpha component has been purified in bulk
      extensively, and the active polypeptide (Mr approximately 24,000) identified
      following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reaction conditions (20-30%
      dimethyl sulfoxide) are reported which render RNase M5 activity independent of
      ribosomal protein BL16. This proves that alpha indeed is the catalytic element,
      the actual RNase M5, which normally attacks a ribonucleoprotein substrate
      consisting of protein BL16 in complex with the 5 S rRNA precursor. Kinetic
      analyses of the BL16-dependent and independent reactions suggest that any alpha
      BL16 association contributes little to the energetics of the alpha
      ribonucleoprotein substrate interaction. It is postulated that the BL16 protein
      serves as a scaffold, to lock the precursor mRNA into a conformation recognizable
      by the nuclease.

PMID- 6432799
TI  - Characterization of a transformation-sensitive protein in the extracellular
      matrix of chicken embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - The extracellular matrix of cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts undergoes a
      number of modifications during the early stages of oncogenic transformation. One
      alteration is increased production of a small protein (Mr approximately 21,000)
      which is transiently deposited in the matrix by transforming cells infected with
      LA24, a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (Blenis, J., and
      Hawkes, S.P. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 770-774). This protein is a
      major component of substratum-associated material (material which remains
      attached to culture dishes after removal of cells with ethylene glycol bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). Its synthesis is stimulated by
      transformation of cells with NY68, another ts mutant of RSV, and also by
      treatment of normal, uninfected cells with the tumor promoter, phorbol myristate
      acetate. Accessibility of the 21-kDa protein to lactoperoxidase-catalyzed
      iodination indicates an exposed location within the matrix. The protein binds
      strongly to the culture dish and/or other matrix components. This interaction can
      be disrupted by sodium dodecyl sulfate but not by several nonionic detergents,
      unless beta-mercaptoethanol or KCl (0.5 M) are also present. High concentrations
      of urea or guanidine hydrochloride also remove the protein from the matrix. The
      21-kDa protein is resistant to trypsin, collagenase, and the hydrolytic enzymes
      associated with cells transformed by the wild-type Prague A RSV but not to
      Pronase or chymotrypsin. A 21-kDa protein with properties similar to those
      described above is also detected in the medium and binds to the matrix,
      suggesting that a potential route of deposition of the 21-kDa protein in the
      matrix may be via shedding and subsequent interaction with other matrix
      components.

PMID- 6432800
TI  - Preliminary structural studies of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
      from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) from Rhodospirillum
      rubrum has been crystallized in a form that is suitable for structural studies by
      x-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of the crystal contains one dimeric enzyme
      molecule of molecular mass 101,000 Da. The enzyme was activated prior to
      crystallization and is presumed to be in the CO2-activated state in the crystal.
      The method of hydrophobicity correlation has been used to compare the amino acid
      sequence of this molecule (466 residues) to that of the large subunit of a higher
      plant ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (477 residues in Nicotiana
      tabacum). The pattern of residue hydrophobicities is similar along the two
      polypeptides. This suggests that the three-dimensional folding of the large
      polypeptide chains may be similar in plant and bacterial enzymes. If this is so,
      knowing the structure of either the plant or bacterial ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase/oxygenase should aid in learning the structure of the other.

PMID- 6432801
TI  - Stomach lysozymes of ruminants. I. Distribution and catalytic properties.
AB  - A major regulatory shift affecting the expression of lysozyme c may have been
      involved in the origin of two groups of mammals whose nutrition depends on
      foregut bacteria. A survey of 23 mammalian species reveals that the lysozyme c
      activity per g of stomach mucosa is many times higher for ruminants and a leaf
      eating monkey than for animals lacking a foregut. The implication is that stomach
      lysozyme c functions as a major digestive enzyme in ruminant-like mammals,
      helping to make those bacterial which enter the stomach from the foregut
      available for hydrolysis by conventional digestive enzymes. The high level of
      stomach lysozyme is due to more enzyme molecules rather than to an increase in
      the activity of each molecule. This was shown for the cow by purifying the three,
      non-allelic lysozymes c that account for the lysozyme activity in gastric mucosa
      and measuring their specific activities and for other foregut fermenters by
      immunological titration. Lysozyme appears in the stomach mucosa before birth and
      reaches adult levels before weaning. Other tissues tested from cattle lack
      lysozyme c and may instead have low levels of another lysozyme that could belong
      to the g class, the first indication that lysozyme g may be present in mammals.
      The lysozymes of eight ruminants, four Old World monkeys, and 12 other animals
      were compared as regards the ability to lyse bacterial cells under various
      conditions and to resist inactivation by pepsin. There are differences among
      these species in the dependence of the rate of bacterial lysis on time, pH, and
      ionic strength. Although not every lysozyme was tested in all of these catalytic
      respects, there were no exceptions to the following generalizations. First, at
      ionic strengths above 0.1 and pH values above 5, the rate of lysis by ruminant
      and monkey lysozymes c rose with the time of reaction, whereas the rate was more
      nearly constant for the other animal lysozymes. Second, the lytic activity at
      neutral pH is lower than at pH 5 for the ruminant and monkey lysozymes c when the
      ionic strength is over 0.1; by contrast, for other lysozymes c under these
      conditions the activity at neutral pH is about as high as at pH 5. This latter
      property, which may be viewed as an adaptation for functioning as a digestive
      enzyme in the stomach, can be explained in part by differences in electrostatic
      interactions between lysozyme and the substrate due to the relatively non-basic
      nature of ruminant and monkey lysozymes compared to other lysozymes c.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6432802
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in nervous
      tissue. I. Adult brain, retina, and peripheral nerve.
AB  - Monospecific antibodies were prepared to a previously characterized chondroitin
      sulfate proteoglycan of brain and used in conjunction with the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique to localize the proteoglycan by immunoelectron
      microscopy. The proteoglycan was found to be exclusively intracellular in adult
      cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord. Some neurons and astrocytes
      (including Golgi epithelial cells and Bergmann fibers) showed strong cytoplasmic
      staining. Although in the central nervous system there was heavy axoplasmic
      staining of many myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, not all axons stained.
      Staining was also seen in retinal neurons and glia (ganglion cells, horizontal
      cells, and Muller cells), but several central nervous tissue elements were
      consistently unstained, including Purkinje cells, oligodendrocytes, myelin, optic
      nerve axons, nerve endings, and synaptic vesicles. In sympathetic ganglion and
      peripheral nerve there was no staining of neuronal cell bodies, axons, myelin, or
      Schwann cells, but in sciatic nerve the Schwann cell basal lamina was stained, as
      was the extracellular matrix surrounding collagen fibrils. Staining was also
      observed in connective tissue surrounding the trachea and in the lacunae of
      tracheal hyaline cartilage. These findings are consistent with immunochemical
      studies demonstrating that antibodies to the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of
      brain also cross-react to various degrees with certain connective tissue
      proteoglycans.

PMID- 6432804
TI  - The natural heterogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi: biological and medical
      implications.
AB  - Trypanosoma cruzi is a heterogeneous group of parasites. The imposition of
      natural or artificial pressures can result in the selection of subsets of the
      population with concomitant changes in characteristics used to evaluate the
      group. In order to ascertain the extent of heterogeneity, stocks of single-cell
      clones were prepared from various sources. Selected cell biological, biochemical,
      immunochemical, parasitological, and histopathological parameters of these clones
      have been studied. A ten-fold difference in the rate of growth of the
      epimastigote stage of T cruzi clones has been observed. The extracellular growth
      rates of the clones correlate with the rate of growth of the obligate
      intracellular amastigote stage and consequently, the length of intracellular
      cycle of the parasite. A 40% difference in the amount of total DNA/parasite has
      been found between clones. Although the amount of DNA/kinetoplast and nucleus
      varies between clones, the major contribution to the differences in total
      DNA/parasite appears to be the nucleus. From 16 to 35 antigens have been
      demonstrated in the T cruzi clones assayed to date. Five to seven of these
      antigens are common to all of the stocks assayed. However, both isolate- and
      clone-specific antigens have also been demonstrated. The susceptibility of inbred
      strains of mice to T cruzi clones varies with the clone of the parasite. These
      data imply that the genetics of the parasite as well as the host modulate both
      the course and outcome of a T cruzi infection. The influence of monosaccharides
      on the receptor-mediated infection of vertebrate cells by trypomastigotes of T
      cruzi also varies between clones. The implications of these findings upon our
      concept and understanding of present and future problems in Chagas disease are
      discussed.

PMID- 6432803
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced changes in intracellular [Ca2+] measured by
      microspectrofluorometry on individual quin2-loaded cells.
AB  - We have developed an accurate and practical method for measuring intracellular
      Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in single cells in monolayer culture using the
      fluorescent Ca2+-binding dye quin2. Quin2 was loaded into cells as a membrane
      permeant ester which is hydrolyzed in the cytoplasm to the impermeant free acid,
      which is the indicator form (Tsien, R.Y., T. Pozzan, and T.J. Rink, 1982, J. Cell
      Biol., 94:325-334). The method involves the measurement of fluorescence at 340-nm
      excitation (I340), where dye fluorescence is dependent on Ca2+, and at 360-nm
      excitation (I360), where dye fluorescence is independent of Ca2+. The ratio of
      these two values (I340/I360) is thus related to the concentration of Ca2+ but
      independent of dye concentration and can be used as a measure of [Ca2+]. To test
      the ratio method in the microscope, we measured [Ca2+]i in GH3 cells in monolayer
      culture. We found a resting [Ca2+]i of 44 +/- 28 nM (mean +/- SD, n = 34), as
      compared with a suspension value (Gershengorn, M., and C. Thaw, 1983,
      Endocrinology, 113:1522-1524) of 118 +/- 18 nM. We also measured [Ca2+]i during
      stimulation of the cells with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and found a 2.4
      fold increase above resting levels within 20 s, a trough at 73% of resting at 90
      100 s, and a peak slightly above resting at 3 min. Depolarization of the plasma
      membrane with KCl produced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. All of these data are
      in good agreement with the results of Gershengorn and Thaw on suspension
      cultures. When measuring both resting [Ca2+]i and the effects of TRH and KCl on
      small groups of cells, we found some variation among experiments. Using an image
      intensifier-video camera, we videotaped cells during TRH stimulation. Digital
      image analysis of these pictures demonstrated that there was a large variation in
      responsiveness from cell to cell. The microscope ratio method offers the
      possibility of resolving regions of differing [Ca2+] within the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6432805
TI  - Stimulation by glutamine of the formation of N6-hydroxylysine in a cell-free
      extract from Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1.
AB  - Glutamine may serve as an activator and/or regulator of the N6-hydroxylase (E.C.
      1.14.99) of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. Activation and stabilization of N6
      hydroxylase activity was observed both in vivo and in vitro. Growth in a
      glutamine-supplemented medium resulted in (1) maximum N6-hydroxylase activity at
      an earlier stage of growth and (2) higher N6-hydroxylase activity and continued
      aerobactin synthesis into stationary phase. Storage of P2 in the presence of L
      glutamine (1 mM) significantly increased the lifetime of the labile N6
      hydroxylase activity. Inclusion of L-glutamine in the incubation mixture
      typically resulted in a 2-3-fold activation of the hydroxylase activity. The
      stimulatory effect of glutamine was independent of and additive to the
      enhancement of N6-hydroxylation by the active component(s) in the supernatant, S2
      fraction. Glutamic acid-gamma-semihydrazide activated slightly in the absence of
      glutamine but activation of the system by glutamine was decreased by this
      compound. Azaserine was shown to be an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to
      lysine and this inhibition was not reversed by glutamine.

PMID- 6432806
TI  - Measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability with positron emission tomography
      and [68Ga]EDTA.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) was employed to examine time-dependent changes
      in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to [68Ga]ethylenediaminetetraacetate
      (EDTA) in the rhesus monkey, following reversible barrier opening by intracarotid
      infusion of a hypertonic mannitol solution. The PET technique, when combined with
      measurements of plasma radioactivity, provided a quantitative measure of the
      cerebrovascular permeability-area product (PA) at different times following
      mannitol infusion. Hypertonic mannitol treatment reversibly increased PA to
      [68Ga]EDTA more than 10-fold; much of the barrier effect was over by 10 min after
      mannitol treatment. The results show that PET can be used to measure transient
      changes in BBB integrity in specific brain regions, under in vivo, noninvasive
      conditions.

PMID- 6432807
TI  - Total cerebral ischemia: effect of alterations in arterial PCO2 on cerebral
      microcirculation.
AB  - Radiolabeled 15-microns microspheres were used to examine alterations in regional
      CBF and cerebrovascular resistance in response to changes in arterial PCO2. Flow
      measurements were obtained before and 1-3 and 24 h after 12 min of total cerebral
      ischemia. Striking sensitivity of blood flow in all areas of the central nervous
      system was shown to changes in arterial PCO2 between 24 and 50 mm Hg during the
      control nonischemic period. Following 12 min of total cerebral ischemia,
      cerebrovascular resistance increased, producing a decrease in regional blood flow
      when the important controlling variables for CBF were held constant. One to 3 h
      after total cerebral ischemia, the effect of variations in arterial PCO2 on
      cerebral blood flow was almost completely abolished. Within 24 h after total
      cerebral ischemia, the sensitivity of CBF to changes in PCO2 was almost
      completely restored, whereas the secondary severe neurologic deficit remained.
      Therapeutic interventions following global cerebral ischemia, designed to
      ameliorate the "no-reflow" phenomenon and minimize residual ischemic neurologic
      damage, must take into account this marked early post-ischemic reduction in
      sensitivity to normally potent cerebrovasodilatory influences.

PMID- 6432808
TI  - Dependency of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery on end-tidal
      carbon dioxide partial pressure--a transcranial ultrasound Doppler study.
AB  - The end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) response curves for the flow
      velocity in the middle cerebral artery were studied in 31 normal subjects with
      transcranial Doppler techniques. An exponential curve with an exponent of 0.034
      mm Hg-1 was found to be a good fit to the recorded data. By means of this
      relationship, recordings of flow velocity in cerebral arteries can be normalized
      to a standard value of PCO2. Physiological aspects of cerebrovascular reactivity
      to PCO2 and the clinical implications of the PCO2 response curve are discussed.
      The normal material provides a reference for assessing pathological responses.

PMID- 6432809
TI  - Significance of the cerebrovascular effects of immobilization stress in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The question of the significance of the cerebrovascular effects of stressful
      situations in animals is still controversial. In the present article, an
      experimental model of immobilization stress in the rabbit is described, and its
      specificity in relation to arterial blood pressure and PaCO2 is investigated. CBF
      was measured with the multiregional tissue sampling technique using [14C]-ethanol
      as tracer. After dissipation of althesin anesthesia, the stress reaction was
      elicited by tactile abdominal stimuli. The response was evidenced by an
      instantaneous acute hypertension (+33.8% during the CBF measurement period).
      Within the first minute of the reaction, the CBF was significantly increased in
      all nine structures studied by 39% (caudate nucleus) to 82% (parieto-temporal
      cortex). The study of the influence of arterial blood pressure and the PaCO2 on
      CBF showed that cerebrovascular autoregulation and CO2 sensitivity were
      differently affected in the various structures during the stress reaction.
      However, the stress response of the brain circulation could not be entirely
      ascribed to one or both of these two systemic factors, thus suggesting the
      contribution of a local intrinsic activation. The model presented here could be
      useful for long-term studies of cerebrovascular repercussions of repeated acute
      hypertensions of a stressful nature.

PMID- 6432810
TI  - Delayed postischemic hypoperfusion: evidence against involvement of the
      noradrenergic locus ceruleus system.
AB  - This study explores the possibility that the delayed hypoperfusion observed after
      an ischemic insult might be due to vasoconstriction induced by the release of
      noradrenaline from nerves originating in the locus ceruleus. Bilateral 6
      hydroxydopamine lesions of the ascending bundles from the locus ceruleus were
      carried out in the caudal mesencephalon of rats. Local CBF was measured with an
      autoradiographic technique 60 min following the start of recirculation after
      incomplete forebrain ischemia. No significant differences in CBF between
      nonoperated, sham-operated, and noradrenaline-depleted animals were observed in
      any structure of the forebrain. It is concluded that the noradrenergic locus
      ceruleus system does not contribute to the development of delayed postischemic
      hypoperfusion.

PMID- 6432811
TI  - Measurement of regional cerebral pH in human subjects using continuous inhalation
      of 11CO2 and positron emission tomography.
AB  - The cerebral pH of four normal human subjects has been measured using continuous
      inhalation of 11CO2 and positron emission tomography (PET). 11CO2 was
      administered to each subject at a constant rate for 15 min, during which time
      serial arterial plasma 11C levels were determined and serial 11C cerebral uptake
      PET scans were performed at a fixed axial tomographic level. 11C uptake kinetics
      were analysed using a three-compartment model. Rate constants have been estimated
      for the free exchange of 11CO2 between plasma and cerebral compartments for each
      subject, and their cerebral pH calculated. Whole brain pH values ranged from 6.96
      to 7.05, and no significant pH difference between regions containing
      predominantly grey or white matter was noted. Best fits to 11C uptake data were
      achieved by effectively neglecting the metabolic fixation of 11C by cerebral
      tissue. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of pH measurement
      using the 11CO2 continuous inhalation technique. It is concluded from the results
      and the error analysis that continuous 11CO2 inhalation combined with PET is
      potentially a simple and useful method for determining regional cerebral pH.

PMID- 6432812
TI  - [Retrograde endoscopic cholangiography after biliary surgery].
AB  - Retrograde cholangiography was conducted in 310 patients early or late after
      biliary system surgery. Principal indications for the investigation were
      angiocholitis (37% of cases), isolated jaundice (30%) or acute hepatic colic
      (17%). Biliary tract lesions were excluded in 7% of patients while in the
      remaining 93% it was possible to determine the precise cause of the disorder. In
      30% of cases the disorder was unrelated to the previous operation or the
      lithiasic disease, whereas in 63% it was related to the latter (remaining or
      reformed stone, odditis) or to the surgical procedure (stenosis, common bile duct
      ligature or injury to main bile duct). These results, and those reported in the
      ligature, suggest that retrograde cholangiography can provide a precise diagnosis
      and ensure adapted therapy after biliary surgery.

PMID- 6432813
TI  - A Pakistani woman who arrived with diarrhea.

PMID- 6432814
TI  - Reye's syndrome or its metabolic mimics?

PMID- 6432815
TI  - Socioeconomic pathogenicity.

PMID- 6432816
TI  - Pain relief during labor.

PMID- 6432817
TI  - Advanced cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 6432819
TI  - Coffee.

PMID- 6432818
TI  - Candida colonization and allergic phenomena.

PMID- 6432820
TI  - A neonate and her diabetic mother.

PMID- 6432821
TI  - A man with a royal pain in the abdomen.

PMID- 6432822
TI  - Which MI patient has 'second-event' risk?

PMID- 6432823
TI  - Anterior infarct with inferior injury.

PMID- 6432824
TI  - Anemia: accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

PMID- 6432825
TI  - Diagnosis of eyelid and periorbital abnormalities.

PMID- 6432826
TI  - A Jehovah's Witness with thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6432827
TI  - Diagnosis of rheumatic diseases: tests and traps.

PMID- 6432828
TI  - A thrombotic diathesis in a young woman.

PMID- 6432829
TI  - Advances in tumor imaging.

PMID- 6432830
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of deferoxamine and ferrioxamine:
      interference by iron present in the chromatographic system.
AB  - The assay of the complexed (ferrioxamine) and uncomplexed forms of deferoxamine,
      a strong iron(III) chelating agent, by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography was investigated. Complex formation with trace amounts of iron in
      the chromatographic system hinders the assay of deferoxamine by causing
      appearance of unexpected peaks, reaction zones and variations in retention time.
      By purging the column with deferoxamine and using EDTA in the mobile phase, these
      adverse effects in the determination of deferoxamine were eliminated. No
      interference by iron contamination of the chromatographic system was found in the
      assay of ferrioxamine, which is facilitated by the strong absorption of the
      analyte at 430 nm.

PMID- 6432831
TI  - Differential primary plating medium for enhancement of pigment production by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - A cost-effective and more rapid means of detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in
      cultures from clinical specimens would be very advantageous. We have developed a
      modified MacConkey agar (MMA), which enhances pigment production of P. aeruginosa
      and which, if pyocyanin pigment is present, provides a relatively rapid and very
      cost-effective identification. The MMA medium inhibits the gram-positive
      organisms, while lactose- and non-lactose-fermenting gram-negative rods are
      easily distinguishable from pigment-producing pseudomonads. Organisms that
      produce pyocyanin, pyoverdin, or pyorubin, or both pyocyanin and pyoverdin, are
      easily recognized on the medium. Pyocyanin production is clearly distinguishable
      from other Pseudomonas pigments on MMA. In a comparative study, MMA identified
      97% of the P. aeruginosa strains 24 h earlier than routine laboratory biochemical
      methods. Highly mucoid strains which did not produce detectable pigments on
      standard biochemicals produced detectable pigments on the MMA within 48 h. This
      medium can provide a very practical, reliable, and cost-effective means for early
      characterization of P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6432832
TI  - Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-negative clinical isolates
      with the AutoMicrobic system.
AB  - Comparisons of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of
      the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were made by using Kirby
      Bauer disk diffusion, the MicroMedia system broth microdilution, and the
      AutoMicrobic system. The Kirby-Bauer system compared favorably with the
      MicroMedia system (95% essential correlation with 90% complete agreement). The
      AutoMicrobic system also compared favorably with both the Kirby-Bauer system (93%
      essential correlation with 87% complete agreement) and the MicroMedia system (97%
      essential correlation with 85% complete agreement). These data indicate that the
      AutoMicrobic system results are comparable to those of the MicroMedia and the
      Kirby-Bauer systems. Furthermore, the AutoMicrobic system offers a more rapid
      system (6 to 10 h), than the traditional systems, without sacrificing accuracy
      (16 to 24 h).

PMID- 6432833
TI  - Interpretive criteria and tentative quality control limits for apalcillin disk
      susceptibility tests.
AB  - In vitro studies with 661 bacterial isolates were performed to establish
      interpretive criteria. In addition, a nine-laboratory study was performed to
      establish quality control limits for tests with 100-micrograms apalcillin disks
      and to confirm testing criteria for tests with 100-micrograms piperacillin disks.
      The two drugs were very similar, and nearly identical criteria were recommended
      for interpretation and for control of the two types of disks. Neither disk is
      recommended for testing Staphylococcus spp. or Haemophilus spp.; with other
      microorganisms, zone size limits of less than or equal to 13 mm (resistant) and
      greater than or equal to 18 mm (susceptible) are proposed for tests with 100
      micrograms apalcillin disks.

PMID- 6432834
TI  - Suitability of the ASM-2 standard test of the National Committee for Clinical
      Laboratory Standards for evaluation of antimicrobial disk potency.
AB  - Standard disks of 25 antimicrobial agents were prepared and tested at three
      levels of potency (67, 100, and 150% of labeled quantity). The method used was a
      modification of the approved standard M2-A2 of the National Committee for
      Clinical Laboratory Standards. Forty-seven susceptibility tests were performed at
      each potency level by using one to three test organisms. Labeled-potency (100%)
      disks were within accuracy limits for 85% of the tests and were within daily
      control limits for 94% of the tests. All susceptibility test data for labeled
      disks, however, were considered acceptable. The majority (63%) of mean zone
      diameter data for labeled-content disks were in the upper-one-third percentile of
      accuracy control limits. A significant proportion (91%) of low-potency disks and
      considerably fewer (34%) of the high-potency disks were found acceptable when
      daily control limits were applied. Of most concern are those antimicrobial agents
      whose low-potency disks approach the lower region of control limits. Zone
      diameter data from standard disks in the range of potency levels tested suggest
      that control ranges are excessive for some antimicrobial agent-test organism
      combinations.

PMID- 6432835
TI  - Effects of manganese on the growth and morphology of Ureaplasma urealyticum.
AB  - All of the 14 serotype standard strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum were inhibited
      to varying degrees by manganese. A 1 mM concentration of this cation either
      stopped growth or reduced the rate of growth in liquid medium. The presence of
      manganese also altered colonial morphology and cellular ultrastructure.
      Inhibition was dose dependent and strain specific. This differential response
      allowed the serotype strains to be divided into two broad biotypes. For the first
      biotype (serotypes 1, 3, 6, and 14), inhibition of growth in broth was temporary.
      For the second biotype (serotypes 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12), inhibition
      was permanent. Serotype 13 gave an intermediate response and was not classified.
      The effect of manganese could be at least partially blocked by magnesium but not
      by calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, or zinc. The concentration
      of magnesium yielding the maximum blocking effect was directly related to
      manganese sensitivity. Wild-type isolates of ureaplasma and Mycoplasma hominis
      also showed a differential response to manganese. Laboratory-adapted strains
      representing species of the genus Mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. fermentans, and M.
      pneumoniae) were inhibited by 5 but not by 1 mM manganese. The latter
      concentration inhibited the growth of Acholeplasma laidlawii and Staphylococcus
      aureus, and 5 mM manganese had no effect on Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6432836
TI  - Comparison of Transgrow and Gonozyme for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      in mailed specimens.
AB  - The Transgrow culture system and Gonozyme (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago,
      Ill.), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure, were compared by examining
      510 patients (320 females, 190 males) from whom duplicate genital swabs were
      obtained for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Both Transgrow and
      the Gonozyme swabs were mailed to the laboratory. Clinical, epidemiological, and
      laboratory data for the 30 specimens for which there were discrepancies were
      evaluated to determine the probability of gonorrhea. At the same time, Gonozyme
      was compared to on-site Thayer-Martin cultures from 258 of the 510 patients, with
      a 93% agreement. When sensitivity and specificity were calculated on the basis of
      clinical, epidemiological, and on-site laboratory data, Gonozyme had a
      sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 99%. Transgrow culture was considered to
      have a 100% specificity and a sensitivity of 69%. Gonozyme appeared to be a
      superior method for the diagnosis of gonorrhea by means of mailed specimens.

PMID- 6432837
TI  - Differentiation of Brucella ovis from Brucella abortus by gas-liquid
      chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids.
AB  - The cellular fatty acid composition of Brucella ovis and Brucella abortus strains
      was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Both species were characterized by
      the presence of fatty acids 16:0, 17:0, 17:0 cyclopropane, 18:0, 18:1, and 19:0
      cyclopropane; B. ovis also contained some 15:0. There were differences in the
      relative proportions of the fatty acids present, and it was possible to
      differentiate B. ovis from B. abortus on the basis of the absence of 15:0, lower
      concentrations of 17:0 and 18:1, and higher concentrations of 19:0 cyclopropane
      in B. abortus. The data indicate that analysis of cellular fatty acid composition
      by gas-liquid chromatography can be used for the identification of B. ovis and
      its differentiation from B. abortus.

PMID- 6432838
TI  - Demonstration of uronic acid capsular material in the cerebrospinal fluid of a
      patient with meningitis caused by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - A 39-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed Rhizopus
      infection of the maxillary sinus. Subsequent to successful treatment with
      amphotericin B and surgical debridement, she developed purulent meningitis due to
      a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid
      documented the presence of a uronic acid polymer at a concentration of 40
      micrograms/ml. In spite of parenteral and intrathecal antibiotic therapy, the
      patient died. This case illustrates that mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa may
      result in fatal infection and that alginate capsule is produced in vivo in
      humans.

PMID- 6432839
TI  - Cost-effective method of triple-site culturing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The efficacy of the use of a single modified Thayer-Martin triplate versus that
      of three separate modified Thayer-Martin plates for the recovery of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae from pharyngeal, anal, and genital sites were studied. A total of 98
      males and 74 females who showed intracellular gram-negative diplococci on genital
      Gram stain were studied. Of 172 patients, 164 had gonorrhea at one or more sites.
      In the first group of 45 males and 21 females, a single swab from each site was
      used to inoculate randomly both a standard plate (100 mm in diameter) and one
      third of a triplate. In the second group of 53 males and 53 females, two swabs
      were used for collection from each site. One of each pair of swabs was randomly
      inoculated onto a standard plate and a triplate. There was no significant
      difference between the results obtained by inoculation with single swabs and
      those obtained by inoculation with two swabs. There were no significant
      differences between the positivity rates obtained with the triplate and those
      obtained with three standard plates used at each site. Cost (39% that of three
      separate plates) and acceptance by clinic and laboratory personnel make the
      triplate method an economical, accurate, and effective triple-site screening
      system.

PMID- 6432840
TI  - Kohler's disease of the tarsal navicular: long-term follow-up of 12 cases.
AB  - Twelve patients with Kohler's disease of the tarsal navicular were reviewed at
      follow-up averaging 33 years after diagnosis. All patients were asymptomatic.
      Neither alteration of the navicular shape nor osteoarthritis was observed
      radiographically. The type of treatment did not affect the time required for bone
      restoration, which took an average of 8 months. Weightbearing plaster casts for 3
      months rendered the patients pain-free, whereas arch supports only decreased
      local pain, which lasted for an average of 7 months.

PMID- 6432841
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty performed during adolescence.
AB  - Six adolescent patients with 10 severely arthritic hips underwent total hip
      arthroplasty to regain mobility. Significant intraoperative complications,
      including difficult intubations, excessive blood loss, and poor fitting
      components, were encountered. At an average of 7 years 11 months after surgery,
      33% of the acetabular components had been revised for symptomatic loosening. In
      spite of the high failure rates, the psychological and social benefits of
      improved mobility were substantial.

PMID- 6432842
TI  - A long-term retrospective study of proximal hamstring release for hamstring
      contracture in cerebral palsy.
AB  - Proximal hamstring release was used exclusively for hamstring contracture in
      patients with spastic cerebral palsy. Average follow-up was 9 years 5 months.
      Thirty-two of 78 patients were examined retrospectively. Straight leg raising
      increased from 30 to 68 degrees. Knee flexion contracture decreased from 16 to 9
      degrees. Knee flexion contractures of greater than 10 degrees were not
      permanently corrected. Only four of 64 knees were in mild (5-10 degrees)
      recurvatum at follow-up. Lumbar lordosis averaged 53 degrees at follow-up, and
      hip flexion contracture release apparently had little effect on lumbar lordosis.
      Proximal hamstring release can be used by this described technique without severe
      lumbar lordosis or devastating genu recurvatum.

PMID- 6432843
TI  - Talonavicular coalition following avascular necrosis of the tarsal navicular.
AB  - A 9-year follow-up of a case of acquired talonavicular coalition following
      avascular necrosis of the tarsal navicular is presented. A review of the
      literature suggests that this is the only reported case of acquired talonavicular
      coalition.

PMID- 6432844
TI  - Effects of neutrophil elastase and other proteases on porcine aortic endothelial
      prostaglandin I2 production, adenine nucleotide release, and responses to
      vasoactive agents.
AB  - The effects of neutrophil elastase on endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2) production,
      nucleotide release, and responsiveness to vasoactive agents were compared with
      the effects of cathepsin G (the other major neutral protease of neutrophils),
      pancreatic elastase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and thrombin. PGI2 production by pig
      aortic endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads and perfused in columns
      was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cathepsin
      G (1-100 micrograms/ml for 3 min). Thrombin, while active at low concentrations
      (0.1-10 National Institutes of Health U/ml), induced smaller responses.
      Neutrophil and pancreatic elastase had little or no effect on PGI2 production.
      Dose-dependent, selective release of adenine nucleotides was induced by
      neutrophil elastase (3-30 micrograms/ml). The other proteases were much less
      active; for example, trypsin (100 micrograms/ml) induced a response only
      approximately 5% as great as did 30 micrograms/ml neutrophil elastase. After
      exposure to 30 micrograms/ml neutrophil elastase, cells did not exhibit the
      characteristic burst of PGI2 production in response to extracellular ATP;
      responsiveness gradually returned after 40-120 min. This effect was not seen with
      the other proteases. Elastase partly inhibited responses to bradykinin and had no
      effect on PGI2 production that was stimulated by ionophore A23187. There was no
      evidence of cytotoxicity, as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase.
      Neutrophil degranulation can generate concentrations of elastase and cathepsin G
      comparable with those tested in the present study, and the effects of these
      enzymes on endothelial function lead us to suggest that they may play a role in
      vasoregulation and vascular pathology.

PMID- 6432845
TI  - Comparative in vitro study of the pro-apolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein A-I
      converting activity between normal and Tangier plasma.
AB  - We examined the ability of the plasma of a 52-yr-old male Tangier patient to
      effect the conversion of radiolabeled pro-apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), isolated
      from hepatoma cell culture media, into mature apo A-I. The conversion was
      assessed by amino-terminal sequence analysis, isoform patterns with two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis, and a rapid assay based on the different
      solubilities of intact pro-apo A-I and its hexapeptide prosegment in 10%
      trichloroacetic acid. We found that the converting activity of Tangier plasma was
      comparable to that exhibited by control normolipidemic plasma and that in both
      cases pro-apo A-I was correctly processed at the Gln-Asp bond. After
      ultracentrifugal fractionation of Tangier plasma at d = 1.21 g/ml, the pro-apo A
      I-to-mature apo A-I converting activity was mainly recovered in the middle
      fraction of d = 1.225 g/ml and was at least 10-fold more effective than the top
      and bottom fractions. In contrast, in normal plasma the activity was only present
      in the top and bottom fractions. It has been previously established that in
      Tangier plasma the pro-apo A-I/apo A-I ratio is significantly higher than normal
      (1 vs. 0.02). Our studies suggest that this abnormal ratio is not the result of a
      reduced converting enzyme activity and may relate to differences in turnover
      rates between Tangier and normal plasma apolipoproteins.

PMID- 6432846
TI  - Selective inhibition of human diploid fibroblast collagen synthesis by
      interferons.
AB  - The effects of alpha- and gamma-interferons (IFNs) on collagen production by
      confluent human diploid fibroblasts in culture were examined. It was found that
      partially purified alpha-IFNs and affinity purified gamma-IFNs caused greater
      than 50% inhibition of collagen synthesis by these cells independently of their
      effect on cell proliferation. Recombinant alpha-IFNs showed a similar effect
      (38.8% inhibition), indicating that collagen synthesis inhibition was a
      constitutive property of IFNs. Collagen synthesis inhibition by IFNs was
      concentration dependent. Gel filtration chromatography of the newly synthesized
      proteins from the media of fibroblasts incubated with partially purified alpha
      IFNs demonstrated a selective depression of molecules eluting in the region of
      procollagen. No detectable increase in collagen degradation products or
      underhydroxylation of procollagen was observed. Short-term kinetic studies
      further demonstrated that the major effect of IFNs was due to a net decrease in
      fibroblast collagen production rather than to impairment of secretion or
      increased extracellular degradation of the newly synthesized molecules. These
      results indicate that alpha- and gamma-IFNs are potent inhibitors of human
      fibroblast collagen production and suggest that they may play an important role
      in the regulation of normal and pathologic fibrogenesis.

PMID- 6432847
TI  - Deficiency of the iron-sulfur clusters of mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in an infant with
      congenital lactic acidosis.
AB  - We report the case of an infant with hypoglycemia, progressive lactic acidosis,
      an increased serum lactate/pyruvate ratio, and elevated plasma alanine, who had a
      moderate to profound decrease in the ability of mitochondria from four organs to
      oxidize pyruvate, malate plus glutamate, citrate, and other NAD+-linked
      respiratory substrates. The capacity to oxidize the flavin adenine dinucleotide
      linked substrate, succinate, was normal. The most pronounced deficiency was in
      skeletal muscle, the least in kidney mitochondria. Enzymatic assays on isolated
      mitochondria ruled out defects in complexes II, III, and IV of the respiratory
      chain. Further studies showed that the defect was localized in the inner membrane
      mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). When ferricyanide was
      used as an artificial electron acceptor, complex I activity was normal,
      indicating that electrons from NADH could reduce the flavin mononucleotide
      cofactor. However, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy performed on
      liver submitochondrial particles showed an almost total loss of the iron-sulfur
      clusters characteristic of complex I, whereas normal signals were noted for other
      mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters. This infant is presented as the first
      reported case of congenital lactic acidosis caused by a deficiency of the iron
      sulfur clusters of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

PMID- 6432848
TI  - Inhibition of intestinal epithelial DNA synthesis and adaptive hyperplasia after
      jejunectomy in the rat by suppression of polyamine biosynthesis.
AB  - Transient increases in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first
      and rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, may be critical to initiation
      of cell growth. We previously reported such increases in ODC activity, and the
      polyamines, putrescine, and spermidine in rat ileal mucosa between days 1 and 4
      after intestinal resection. During this time, there is initiation of mucosal cell
      hyperplasia, as measured morphologically and biochemically. Intestinal weight and
      mucosal thickness increase, as do mucosal DNA content and DNA synthesis. In the
      present study, we gave rats the specific irreversible ODC inhibitor, alpha
      difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO), beginning 3 d before jejunectomy. DFMO
      completely suppressed the increases in ODC activity and polyamine content in the
      intestinal mucosa. The suppression in ODC activity was associated with an 87%
      suppression of DNA synthesis, and resulted in a complete abolition of intestinal
      adaptation, as manifested by the absence of intestinal weight gain, increase in
      mucosal thickness, or increase in crypt cell production. Our results indicate
      that the increases in ODC activity and polyamine biosynthesis are critical for
      adaptive postresectional crypt cell proliferation in vivo, and that the critical
      step mediated by polyamines in this adaptive process is the onset of new DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 6432849
TI  - Evidence for size and charge permselectivity of rat ascending colon. Effects of
      ricinoleate and bile salts on oxalic acid and neutral sugar transport.
AB  - We have measured unidirectional transmural fluxes of oxalate and neutral sugars
      across rat ascending colon in vitro, under short-circuit conditions, to
      characterize permeability barriers selective for size and charge. Ionic oxalate
      appears to be transported preferentially to sodium oxalate. Mucosal addition of
      taurocholate (1 mM), deoxycholate (1 mM), or ricinoleate (1 mM) increased
      bidirectional oxalate fluxes, and the ricinoleate effects were independent of
      medium calcium. Bidirectional fluxes of uncharged sugar molecules fell sharply at
      molecular weights above 76 (molecular radius above 3 A), and oxalate transport
      was retarded relative to that of uncharged molecules of similar size, suggesting
      that there is both size and charge permselectivity. Ricinoleate increased fluxes
      of all neutral molecules tested but changed neither the exclusion limits nor the
      cation selectivity of the epithelium. Bile salts and ricinoleate increase oxalate
      transport, probably by making more channels available, but do not alter size and
      charge selectivity.

PMID- 6432850
TI  - Staphylococcal alpha-toxin elicits hypertension in isolated rabbit lungs.
      Evidence for thromboxane formation and the role of extracellular calcium.
AB  - Staphylococcal alpha-toxin is known to damage mammalian cell membranes. Studies
      of erythrocytes indicate that the native toxin generates a discrete transmembrane
      channel with an effective diameter of 2-3 nm. (Fussle, R., S. Bhakdi, A.
      Szeigoleit, J. Tranum-Jensen, T. Kranz, and H.J. Wellensiek. 1981. J. Cell Biol.
      91:83-94.) In isolated rabbit lungs, perfused with recirculating blood- and
      plasma-free perfusion fluid, the mediation of a toxin-provoked vascular pressor
      response by the triggering of the arachidonic acid cascade and its dependence on
      extracellular calcium were investigated. Dose-dependent pulmonary artery pressor
      responses were elicited by the injection of 0.5-5 micrograms staphylococcal alpha
      toxin into the pulmonary artery. The pressor responses were completely abolished
      by preincubation of the toxin with neutralizing antibodies or by preformation of
      alpha-toxin hexamers in vitro. They were accompanied by the release of the
      arachidonic acid metabolites thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha
      (stable metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2, respectively) into
      the perfusion fluid. They were blocked by inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase,
      cyclooxygenase, and phospholipase, as well as by substances that interfere with
      calcium-calmodulin function. alpha-Toxin induced selective release of potassium,
      but not lactatedehydrogenase into the medium. Calcium depletion of the
      intravascular space did not suppress the toxin-dependent potassium release but
      did abrogate the pressor response and the release of the arachidonic acid
      metabolites. When calcium was reintroduced into the circulation without the
      application of a second toxin stimulus, marked pressor responses paralleled by
      the release of arachidonic acid metabolites occurred. The conclusion drawn from
      these studies is that staphylococcal alpha-toxin provokes pulmonary vascular
      hypertension which is apparently mediated by thromboxane A2 formation, which
      surpasses the biological effect of the simultaneously formed prostaglandin I2.
      The triggering of the arachidonic acid cascade is strictly dependent on
      extracellular calcium and may be mediated by a nonphysiological calcium bypass
      through transmembrane toxin channels with subsequent stimulation of phospholipase
      activity.

PMID- 6432852
TI  - Prostaglandin I2 is not a major metabolite of arachidonic acid in cultured
      endothelial cells from human foreskin microvessels.
AB  - Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet
      aggregation, is a major product of arachidonic acid metabolism in endothelial
      cells that are derived from large blood vessels (e.g., umbilical veins). We have
      examined whether PGI2 is also a major product of arachidonic acid metabolism in
      cultured endothelial cells that are derived from dermal microvessels in human
      newborn foreskin. Supernatants from confluent monolayers of endothelial cells
      that had been incubated for 20 min with [3H]arachidonic acid and the calcium
      ionophore A23187 (10 microM) were assayed for prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2
      alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha)
      (the stable metabolite of PGI2) by using authentic standards and high performance
      liquid chromatography. Whereas supernates from stimulated umbilical vein
      endothelial cells contained 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha much greater than PGF 2 alpha much
      greater than PGE2, supernates from stimulated foreskin microvessel endothelial
      cells contained PGF 2 alpha congruent to PGE2 much greater than 6-keto-PGF 1
      alpha. Similar results were obtained when supernates from stimulated, unlabeled
      endothelial cells were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. These data indicate that
      PGI2 is not a major metabolite of arachidonic acid in cultured endothelial cells
      from human foreskin microvessels.

PMID- 6432851
TI  - Differential expression of Ia molecules by human monocytes.
AB  - Human immune response genes can be divided into three distinct loci, each of
      which codes for three distinct families of Ia molecules: HLA-SB, HLA-DC, and HLA
      DR. The tissue distribution and function of only one of these Ia molecules, HLA
      DR, has been thoroughly studied. Using monoclonal antibodies, we examined the
      display of HLA-DR and HLA-DC molecules by adherent, human peripheral blood
      monocytes. The results of these studies demonstrate that although all human
      peripheral blood monocytes display easily detectable HLA-DR molecules, only 50%
      display easily detectable HLA-DC molecules. Separation of peripheral blood
      monocytes into HLA-DC+ and HLA-DC- cells demonstrates that each population
      displays an equivalent density of HLA-DR molecules. Therefore, on the basis of
      differences in their display of these two Ia molecules, adherent peripheral blood
      monocytes can be divided into two broad populations: HLA-DR+, HLA-DC+, and HLA
      DR+, HLA-DC-. Despite the dis-coordinate display of these Ia antigens, the
      expression of both HLA-DR and HLA-DC can be regulated by a common signal, gamma
      interferon (IFN-gamma). Incubation of monocytes for 96 h in autologous serum
      leads to a marked decrease in the expression of both HLA-DR and HLA-DC. Addition
      of recombinant IFN-gamma to the cultures leads to reexpression of both HLA-DR and
      HLA-DC to levels comparable to those seen in fresh monocytes. In addition,
      although IFN-gamma does not modulate all monocyte surface markers, it can be
      demonstrated to modulate expression of one marker, MAC 120, in a manner similar
      to that observed for Ia antigens. These studies demonstrate that among human
      peripheral blood monocytes, the distribution of the Ia molecule, HLA-DC, is not
      coordinate with that of HLA-DR, although both respond to the same regulatory
      signal.

PMID- 6432853
TI  - Pseudomonas exotoxin-anti-TAC. Cell-specific immunotoxin active against cells
      expressing the human T cell growth factor receptor.
AB  - An immunotoxin was constructed with an activity that discriminated between two T
      cell lines based on the expression of the T cell growth factor (TCGF) receptor on
      their cell surface. A toxic protein conjugate, designated PE-anti-TAC, was made
      by chemically coupling pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) to a monoclonal antibody (anti
      TAC) that recognizes the human TCGF receptor. This conjugate was toxic to HUT-102
      cells, a cell line that expresses the TCGF receptor, but was nontoxic for MOLT-4
      cells, a receptor-negative line. The toxicity of PE-anti-TAC was enhanced 50-fold
      in the presence of human adenovirus type II and was reduced to control levels by
      adding excess anti-TAC antibody. The toxicity of PE-anti-TAC for HUT-102 cells
      was compared with PE-anti-transferrin receptor. To compare the route of entry for
      both anti-TAC and anti-TFR using electron microscopy, protein conjugates were
      made by coupling horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to each antibody. Anti-TFR-HRP
      entered HUT-102 cells by concentrative adsorptive endocytosis via coated pits,
      and the majority of the antibodies bound to the cell surface at 4 degrees C were
      seen in receptosomes by 10 min after warming to 37 degrees C. Anti-TAC-HRP was
      also found to enter HUT-102 cells via coated pits and receptosomes; but, in
      contrast to anti-TFR, anti-TAC did not selectively concentrate in coated pits,
      and therefore the majority of this surface-bound antibody were not internalized
      in HUT-102 cells by 10 min at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 6432854
TI  - Simultaneous inheritance and expression of classical haemophilia A and type IIA
      von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - A family is described in which the mother is a haemophilia carrier, the father
      has asymptomatic type IIA von Willebrand's disease, and their second son has
      simultaneously inherited both severe haemophilia and type IIA von Willebrand's
      disease. This is the first report of both diseases occurring simultaneously. The
      inheritance patterns and laboratory data on the family are presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 6432855
TI  - Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility results obtained with Adatab and disc
      methods.
AB  - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      faecal streptococci, Proteus spp, and Klebsiella spp were distributed on two
      occasions to two groups of laboratories, one using a commercially produced break
      point method (Adatab, Mast Laboratories Ltd) and the other using a disc method
      for susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of a range of
      antibiotics were determined for each of the strains in the Division of
      Microbiological Reagents and Quality Control and a correct result of sensitive or
      resistant was assigned where possible to each combination of strain and
      antibiotic. Laboratories were asked to determine the susceptibility of the
      strains to those antibiotics that they would test in routine practice. Results
      from each laboratory were compared with the correct results. The overall error
      rates obtained with the Adatab and disc methods, 8% and 8.2% respectively, were
      not significantly different. Fewer errors were made with trimethoprim,
      ticarcillin, and nitrofurantoin by laboratories using Adatabs than those using
      discs. Fewer errors were made with gentamicin by laboratories using discs than
      those using Adatabs. There was no significant difference between the two groups
      of laboratories in reproducibility of results on repeated testing of the same
      strains. Laboratories using Adatabs used a wide range of different break point
      concentrations. The Adatab method appeared to offer no overall advantages in
      terms of reduced error rates or increased reproducibility of results with the
      strains tested.

PMID- 6432856
TI  - Microimmunofluorescence technique for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma
      genitalium.

PMID- 6432857
TI  - Selective response to the anticonvulsant carbamazepine in manic-depressive
      illness: a case study.
AB  - Acute and prophylactic effects of carbamazepine are documented in a double-blind
      clinical trial in a 55-year-old treatment-refractory, lithium-non-responsive,
      manic-depressive patient. Double-blind crossover to two other anticonvulsants was
      also achieved; the patient showed no evidence of response to phenytoin or
      valproic acid. The clinical and theoretical issues raised by the selective
      response to carbamazepine in this patient are discussed.

PMID- 6432858
TI  - The distribution and origin of a novel brain peptide, neuropeptide Y, in the
      spinal cord of several mammals.
AB  - The distribution of neuropeptide Y [NPY]-immunoreactive material was examined in
      the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of rat, guinea-pig, cat, marmoset, and
      horse. Considerable concentrations of NPY and similar distribution patterns of
      immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in the spinal cord of all species
      investigated. The dorsal root ganglia of the cat and the horse contained numerous
      immunoreactive nerve fibres, but in these species, as in the other three studied
      [rat, guinea-pig, marmoset], no positively stained cell bodies were found.
      Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves were observed at all levels of the spinal
      cord, being most concentrated in the dorsal horn. In the rat, guinea-pig, and
      marmoset, there was a marked increase of NPY-immunoreactive fibres in the
      lumbosacral regions of the spinal cord, and this was reflected by a considerable
      increase of extractable NPY. Estimations of NPY-immunoreactive material in the
      various regions of the rat spinal cord were as follows: cervical, 13.8 +/- 1.0;
      thoracic, 21.1 +/- 2.5; lumbar, 16.3 +/- 2.9; sacral, 92.4 +/- 8.5 pmol/gm wet
      weight of tissue +/- SEM. In the ventral portion of the guinea-pig spinal cord
      they were as follows: cervical, 7.1 +/- 1.2; thoracic, 8.2 +/- 3.6; lumbar, 22.6
      +/- 7.0; sacral, 36.7 +/- 9.5 pmol/gm wet weight of tissue +/- SEM. Analysis of
      spinal cord extracts by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
      [HPLC] demonstrated that NPY-immunoreactive material elutes in the position of
      pure NPY standard. No changes in the concentration and distribution of the NPY
      like material in the rat spinal cord were observed following a variety of
      surgical and pharmacological manipulations, including cervical rhizotomy, sciatic
      nerve section and ligation, and local application of capsaicin [50 mM] to one
      sciatic nerve. It is therefore suggested that most of the NPY-immunoreactive
      material in the spinal cord is derived either from intrinsic nerve cell bodies or
      from supraspinal tracts.

PMID- 6432859
TI  - 6-Hydroxydopamine induced ectopia of external granule cells in the subarachnoid
      space covering the cerebellum. II. Differentiation of granule cells: a scanning
      and transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - The present report describes the morphological differentiation of ectopic granule
      cells from external granule cells that have been induced to escape from the
      cerebellar cortex into the subarachnoid space by injecting neonatal rats with 100
      microgram 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the cisterna magna. The following cell
      types were observed in the period between 5 and 25 days postinjection (dpi): (1)
      unipolar cells with one process bearing a growth cone at its tip; (2) bipolar
      cells with two thin beaded processes originating from opposite cell poles,
      bearing growth cones at their tips; (3) bipolar cells with a T-like process at
      one pole and a short process lacking a terminal growth cone at the opposite pole;
      (4) multipolar cells with one thin beaded process and two or more short processes
      bearing growth cones of a different morphology at their tips; (5) intermediate
      stages. In the late second week p.i., cell aggregates were observed that
      continually increased in size up to 30 dpi. On the basis of our light,
      transmission, and scanning electron microscopic findings, we interpret these cell
      types to be equivalent to the individual stages of granule cell differentiation
      that characterize axon formation, migration, and aggregation. In the period
      between 30 and 365 dpi, granule cells were almost exclusively organized into cell
      colonies of different sizes, but small cell clusters and single granule cells
      exhibited the scanning electron microscopic features of adult granule cells,
      i.e., a small spherical cell body, a single axon with parent axonal stem, T
      junction, and parallel fiber, and dendrites engaged in synaptic glomeruli. The
      parallel fibers ran in fasciculi of different sizes, often parallel to each
      other, but without preferential orientation over the cerebellar surface. During
      migration and aggregation, the granule cells and their processes were associated
      with a substrate of glial sheets that in turn were connected to intracortical
      Bergmann glia fibers. Our findings indicate that (1) granule cells differentiate
      normally in an ectopic environment in the presence of glia, (2) ectopic Bergmann
      glia contain no directional information to guide aberrant migratory granule cells
      to their correct destination, (3) granule cells can survive outside the brain
      parenchyma for periods up to one year (the longest postinjection interval
      studied).

PMID- 6432860
TI  - The architecture and some of the interconnections of the rat's amygdala and
      lateral periallocortex.
AB  - The connections between the cerebral cortex and amygdala were studied in the rat
      by means of silver degeneration techniques. To help define the sites of origin
      and termination of cortico-amygdaloid connections, the architecture of the cortex
      and the amygdala was studied in sections from normal brains stained for cells,
      fibers, acetylcholinesterase activity, and heavy metals (Timm staining). The
      amygdalopetal cortex on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the rat brain is
      limited to a narrow strip of periallocortex that forms the dorsal wall and lip of
      the rhinal sulcus. Histochemical stains indicate that this cortex comprises
      several stages of cortical differentiation that are intermediate between the
      ventrally adjacent allocortices and the dorsally adjacent neocortices. The
      lateral periallocortex consists of two major divisions, the agranular insula
      (area 13) anteriorly, and a temporal agranular cortex (areas 35 and 36)
      posteriorly. The principal amygdaloid target for this cortex is the lateral
      nucleus. Anterior area 13 and posterior area 35 project to the anterior and
      posterior halves, respectively, of the medial division of this nucleus, while
      posterior area 13 and anterior area 35 projects to the lateral division of this
      nucleus. All divisions of periallocortex also send projections to a part of the
      putamen that surrounds the lateral half of the central nucleus. All of area 13
      also sends efferents to the anterior part of the basal nucleus, while the
      anterior half of area 13 sends an additional projection to the central nucleus.
      Comparison of these data with those obtained in the cat and monkey suggests that
      a constant feature of eutherian brains is the existence of a subset of efferents
      from each of the four neocortical sensory systems that is routed so as to provide
      subcortical limbic structures with modality-specific information. The initial
      sequence in this sensorilimbic system consists of one or more modality-specific
      corticocortical relays that originate in the primary sensory cortices and
      terminate in one of four topographically adjacent, modality-specific areas of the
      insular and temporal cortices. These insular and temporal areas then each
      establish modality-specific connections within the amygdaloid complex. The final
      set of relays presumably comprises the connection that each of these amygdaloid
      areas makes with the autonomic and endocrine nuclei of the brain.

PMID- 6432861
TI  - Somatosensory thalamocortical connections in the raccoon: an HRP study.
AB  - In the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor), representations of the glabrous
      surfaces of the hand digits are found within separate subnuclei of the thalamic
      ventrobasal complex (VB) and on separate subgyri of the somatosensory cortex
      (SmI). In the present study, the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase
      from SmI to VB was utilized to study relationships between physiologically
      identified cortical subgyri and somatotopically corresponding thalamic subnuclei.
      Single large or multiple small injections confined to a single gyral crown led to
      retrograde labeling of large groupings of cells filling the entire VB subnucleus
      for the appropriate digit. In the aggregate, the regions of label appeared as
      thin, wedge-shaped sheets extended in the dorsoventral and anteroposterior
      dimensions, but flattened mediolaterally, and curving to form a laterally
      directed convexity; these appear to correspond to the lamellae of monkey VB
      described by others. These large injections led to labeling of approximately 80%
      of all large (18-30-micron diameter) cells within the lamella. Single, small,
      focal injections of a gyral crown led to variable amounts of labeling, ranging
      from an entire digital lamella to only a small focal cluster of cells. No
      evidence was obtained for the existence of anteroposteriorly extending "rods" of
      cells, as reported in primates. Finally, there was a sparse, but consistent
      labeling of cells of the posterior nuclear group (Po) following gyral crown
      injections. These results are in agreement with expectations based on prior
      electrophysiological studies of raccoon VB and SmI, as well as prior anatomical
      studies of thalamocortical relationships.

PMID- 6432862
TI  - Undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasal tissues in the common marmoset.
AB  - The occurrence of undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasal tissues in 3 adult
      marmosets is described. The tumours appeared to arise from the respiratory
      epithelium of the turbinate bones and nasal septum. They were poorly
      differentiated, invaded the paranasal sinuses and hard palate and metastasized to
      the lungs or liver.

PMID- 6432863
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification and crossreactions of amyloid-A fibril protein
      in man and eleven other species.
AB  - Antisera were prepared in rabbits, sheep or chicken against purified amyloid
      fibril protein AA from man, mouse, stone marten, dog, cow and hamster. These
      antisera were tested by immunodiffusion against all purified antigens and applied
      to tissue sections containing amyloid from man, mouse, hamster, guinea pig,
      rabbit, cat, dog, mink, stone marten, pine marten, cow and horse. The binding of
      the antibodies to amyloid in tissue sections was assessed by the indirect
      immunoperoxidase method. The strongest reactions in the immunodiffusion and
      immunohistochemical methods were found between amyloid deposits of members of a
      given species and an antibody raised against protein AA from the same species. In
      contrast to the lack of cross-reactivity in immunodiffusion (except in the mouse
      man relationship), extensive cross-reactions were observed immunohistochemically
      in phylogenetically related species, e.g. between stone marten, pine marten and
      mink, or between hamster and mouse. However, cross-reactions were also observed
      in combinations such as man-mouse, man-dog, man-cat, mouse-horse, and dog-cow. In
      addition, individual antisera showed variations in immunohistochemical reactivity
      with amyloid deposits of different members of one given species. Moreover,
      antisera prepared in rabbits reacted more restrictedly than those prepared in
      sheep, while rabbit antisera against any AA-protein did not react with rabbit
      amyloid. Finally, the widest degree of cross-reactivity including almost all
      mammalian species investigated was observed with a chicken antiserum to human
      amyloid AA protein.

PMID- 6432864
TI  - Blood-brain barrier disruption due to cerebral arteriography: CT findings.
AB  - Computed tomography was performed in two cases of blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      disruption due to cerebral arteriography. The first case showed diffuse contrast
      enhancement in the right frontotemporal region in the distribution of the middle
      cerebral artery; in the second case patchy contrast enhancement in both gray and
      white matter of both hemispheres was demonstrated. The possible mechanism for BBB
      disruption in these patients is discussed.

PMID- 6432865
TI  - Localized juvenile periodontitis.

PMID- 6432866
TI  - A clinical evaluation of the Neosono-M electronic apex locator.

PMID- 6432867
TI  - Orthodontic-surgical treatment of micrognathia associated with hypoglossia
      hypodactylomelia syndrome.

PMID- 6432868
TI  - An economic analysis of the return on investment for dental education.
AB  - This paper examines the costs and benefits the dental school applicant might
      consider before selecting dentistry as a career. The costs and benefits of
      pursuing dentistry are compared to those of selecting engineering. The rate of
      return to dentistry when compared to engineering is calculated for three time
      periods: 1974, 1978, and 1982. The rate is a proxy for the financial returns an
      applicant expects to recognize if he or she decides to become a dentist. The
      study finds that the rate of return to dentistry has declined from 23.6 percent
      in 1974 to 18.7 percent in 1978 and to 14.3 percent in 1982. The decline in the
      rate of return is greater on average for students attending private dental
      schools than for those attending publicly supported dental schools.

PMID- 6432869
TI  - A preliminary double-blind study of intravenous nitroglycerin in acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of a 48-h
      intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin (NG) in 140 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction has been carried out. The patients were randomised to placebo or
      active treatment within 12 h of the onset of symptoms. Those patients treated
      with nitroglycerin showed a significant reduction on both days in systolic blood
      pressure, haemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. There was also a
      significant reduction in diamorphine usage in the first 24 h. There was a higher
      incidence (non-significant) of dysrhythmia in the placebo group despite an
      increased usage of antidysrhythmic therapy. The mortality rate in the placebo
      group was 13%, and 7.8% in the active treatment group, but this difference was
      not significant. At the 3-month follow-up, 83% of treated patients as opposed to
      60% of placebo group were able to resume normal or near-normal activities.
      Preliminary findings suggest that intravenous NG may be useful treatment for
      patients with acute myocardial infarction and a larger-scale trial is warranted.

PMID- 6432870
TI  - Combined use of HFPPV with low-rate ventilation in traumatic respiratory
      insufficiency.
AB  - Two patients with chest injuries, flail chest and respiratory failure were
      mechanically ventilated by a system composed of 2 Bennett respirators and an
      independent source of gas. This system provides high-frequency positive pressure
      ventilation (HFPPV), low-frequency conventional mechanical ventilation (LFCMV)
      and high inspiratory flow of fresh gas (HIF), through the independent source.
      This system made use of the advantages of HFPPV and also solved the problem of
      possible CO2 retention. Using this system we could ventilate the patients while
      they were fully conscious and cooperative, thus eliminating the need for
      sedatives and muscle relaxants. Time of mechanical ventilation was shortened
      since the internal pneumatic fixation was very good and made it possible for the
      fractured ribs to unite rapidly. Restoration of spontaneous breathing was
      immediate after disconnection from the ventilator. We suggest this method as
      another mode of ventilation for patients with flail chest and respiratory
      failure.

PMID- 6432871
TI  - Development of human gastrointestinal functions: interaction of changes in diet
      composition, hormonal maturation, and fetal genetic programming.
AB  - Two aspects of the physiology of the developing gastrointestinal tract are
      discussed. The first one deals with functional peculiarities of the developing
      gastrointestinal tract. Examples are shown that less active function in the
      suckling (eg, low pepsin digestion in the newborn stomach) may actually give the
      suckling an advantage for another process. The existence of pH close to
      neutrality in the suckling's stomach enables "survival" of the milk and lingual
      lipases that are then "cooperating" with low pancreatic lipase known to be
      present in the sucklings. The other aspect discussed deals with the role of
      various factors involved in postnatal maturation of the gastrointestinal
      function. Using sucrase activity as an example, the important role and mutual
      interaction of fetal (genetic?) programming, dietary changes, and hormonal
      maturation are reviewed.

PMID- 6432872
TI  - Nutrition in the treatment of cancer in children.
AB  - Most malnutrition in children is iatrogenic, which, like all iatrogenic
      complications, ought to be averted. Data showing the consequences of malnutrition
      on the outcome of the child with cancer is examined, with a recommendation made
      for taking the nutritional state of such a patient into account. Efficacy of
      nutritional intervention is discussed, as are the role of micronutrients. On
      these bases, the suggestion to treat malnutrition in the child with cancer is
      strongly urged.

PMID- 6432873
TI  - Proceedings of a conference on regulation of cellular activities by leukotrienes
      and other lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid. November 14-18, 1983, Santa
      Ynez, California.

PMID- 6432874
TI  - Eosinophil-rich human polymorphonuclear leukocyte preparations characteristically
      release leukotriene C4 on ionophore A23187 challenge.
AB  - Blood samples were obtained from a group of 20 patients with hypereosinophilia
      (greater than or equal to 1500 eosinophils/mm3). The polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNLs) were prepared from blood treated with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid by
      successive dextran sedimentation of the red blood cells, separation of
      mononuclear leukocytes and PMNLs on Ficoll-Paque, and ammonium chloride treatment
      of the PMNL fraction. The eosinophil content of the final PMNL preparations
      ranged from 15% to 75%, as assessed by Wright-stained smears, and the remaining
      leukocytes were predominantly neutrophils with only 3% to 5% mononuclear cells.
      The eosinophil-rich PMNL preparations as well as PMNL preparations from normal
      volunteers were incubated under various conditions and the arachidonic acid
      metabolites were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase products was strongly stimulated
      by the ionophore A23187 in both normal and eosinophil-rich PMNL preparations.
      Whereas the normal PMNL preparations, which were eosinophil poor, produced 10 to
      25 times more leukotriene B4 than leukotriene C4, the eosinophil-rich PMNL
      preparations characteristically released leukotriene C4 in equal or up to 20
      times greater amounts than leukotriene B4.

PMID- 6432875
TI  - The cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities of platelet-depleted human
      monocytes.
AB  - The significant numbers of platelet contaminants bound to the surface of freshly
      isolated human monocytes can be removed during incubations in fresh human serum.
      We used cells purified by these means to examine the cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid synthesized in response to various
      stimuli. Thromboxane is the single major product synthesized by human monocytes
      in response to inflammatory particles (opsonized zymosan or immunoglobulin G
      complex-coated beads). The molar amounts produced were equivalent to those by
      platelets stimulated with thrombin. In contrast, exposure to calcium ionophore
      A23187 led to greatly enhanced lipoxygenase metabolite synthesis. Under these
      conditions, levels of leukotriene B4 (30 to 70 pmol/10(6) cells) and leukotriene
      C4 (up to 20 pmol/10(6) cells) production were five- to tenfold higher than those
      observed with particulate stimuli. The circulating human monocyte is a source of
      a variety of vasoactive mediators derived from arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6432876
TI  - Lipoxygenases and leukotrienes.

PMID- 6432877
TI  - Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and its new inhibitors.
AB  - The 5-lipoxygenases of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and of
      rat basophilic leukemia cells have been solubilized, purified partially by
      affinity chromatography, and shown to convert arachidonic acid principally to 5
      hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14- eicosatetraenoic acid. The activity of both 5
      lipoxygenases is calcium dependent and enhanced by adenosine triphosphate and
      other nucleotides in the presence of calcium ion. Both 5-lipoxygenase activity
      and leukotriene generation by sensitized guinea pig lung tissue challenged with
      antigen were suppressed substantially by specific benzoquinone and flavonoid
      inhibitors. The in vivo significance of the findings will be explored with potent
      and selective lipoxygenase inhibitors, which are delineated in the 5-lipoxygenase
      model systems.

PMID- 6432878
TI  - Action and metabolism of circulating leukotriene C.
AB  - The microvascular permeability effects of intravenously administered leukotriene
      C4 were assessed by fluorometric determinations of extravasated Evans blue dye in
      various tissues of guinea pigs. The effects were widespread, with intensity
      differences between different vascular beds, which in part reflected the tissue
      distribution of tritium-labeled leukotriene C3 in mice. Local tissue specificity
      favored permeability effects in the urinary tract, pulmonary airways, esophagus,
      and distal colon. The permeability effects may contribute to the hypotensive
      actions of leukotriene C4 and enhance airway obstruction by edema formation in
      addition to smooth muscle contraction.

PMID- 6432879
TI  - Regulation of epithelial electrolyte transport by metabolites of arachidonic
      acid.
AB  - Intestine (both small and large) secretes chloride in response to prostaglandins
      and agents, such as bradykinin, that increase prostaglandin synthesis. The colon,
      but not the small intestine, can also be stimulated to secrete chloride by
      certain lipoxygenase products, such as 5-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and 5
      hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, but not by leukotrienes. Intestine generates these
      compounds and leukotriene B4 (but not C, D, and E) and their synthesis is
      increased by melittin, calcium ionophore A23187, and bradykinin.

PMID- 6432881
TI  - Human and murine natural killer cell activity may require lipoxygenation of
      arachidonic acid.
AB  - Natural killing (spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity) by either human blood
      cells or mouse spleen cells is reversibly inhibited by nordihydroquaiaretic acid
      or BW755C, agents that antagonize the lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid.
      Cultured mouse natural killer cells are similarly inhibited. These studies
      suggest that natural killing may be dependent on the lipoxygenation of
      arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6432880
TI  - Oxygenation products of arachidonic acid: third messengers for insulin release.
AB  - Although an association between membrane phospholipid turnover and exocytotic
      hormone release has long been recognized, a causal relationship has not been
      firmly established. Recent studies suggest that glucose (and probably other
      insulin secretagogues) activates phospholipases and thereby releases membrane
      bound arachidonic acid (AA). AA is then converted through islet 12-lipoxygenase
      to mediators or modulators of insulin release (tentatively identified as
      peroxides and epoxides of arachidonate). These products may be critical links in
      stimulus-secretion coupling, since blockade of either AA release or
      lipoxygenation abrogates insulin release induced by glucose and many other (but
      not all) stimuli. Cogeneration of prostaglandins from AA through the
      cyclooxygenase pathway may directly or indirectly modulate the formation and/or
      effect of lipoxygenase products. A critical role for lipoxygenase products (and
      possibly metabolites of AA synthesized by other pathways, such as P-450-dependent
      monooxygenases) may extend to many secretory cells in addition to pancreatic beta
      cells. The phasic release of AA described in many cells could explain the
      biphasic pattern of insulin release induced by glucose. Since some phospholipases
      and lipoxygenases are Ca++ activated, the release of AA in conjunction with its
      oxygenation appears to be a concerted system generating "third messengers" for
      hormone release.

PMID- 6432882
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs stimulate 15-lipoxygenase/leukotriene
      pathway in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - [14C]Arachidonic acid metabolism in human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes
      proceeds predominantly through the 5- and 15-lipoxygenase pathways. The major
      products are 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and 15-HETE.
      Three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit 5-HETE production.
      Concentrations of drugs required for 50% inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase were 0.17mM
      for indomethacin, 0.60mM for ibuprofen, and 3.4mM for aspirin. A surprising
      result was that the human PMN leukocyte 15-lipoxygenase/leukotriene pathway was
      selectively activated by 1mM to 5mM ibuprofen. Metabolites were identified by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry or by retention times on high-performance liquid
      chromatography in comparison with authentic standards. The major product was 15
      HETE; in all 19 human donors tested, 15-HETE formation was stimulated up to
      twentyfold by 5mM ibuprofen. Other identified products include 5,15-DiHETE, 8,15
      DiHETE, and 12-HETE. This ibuprofen-induced activation of 15-HETE formation
      occurred even in the presence of 10% serum. When the effects of aspirin,
      indomethacin, and ibuprofen were compared in PMN leukocytes from six donors,
      ibuprofen caused an average ninefold stimulation of 15-lipoxygenase, whereas
      aspirin and indomethacin exhibited an average 150% and 200% enhancement,
      respectively. Results suggest that ibuprofen acts at the postphospholipase stage
      and may mimic an endogenous activator, initiate a physiologic activation process,
      or displace a naturally occurring inhibitor of the 15-lipoxygenase. The capacity
      of NSAIDs to activate the 15-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid provides a novel
      mechanism for the stimulation of 15-HETE production, which may indirectly
      stimulate the generation of leukotrienes by tissue mast cells.

PMID- 6432883
TI  - Regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferative responses by arachidonate metabolites:
      effects on membrane-directed versus intracellular activators.
AB  - Immunoregulatory effects of the oxidative metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) on
      proliferation of B-lymphocytes were assessed in a serum-free culture system.
      Activation of B cells by membrane-directed ligands and intracellular activators
      was regulated by AA metabolites in very distinct fashions. Thus exogenous
      cyclooxygenase products (particularly prostaglandins E1 and E2) amplified the
      response to anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, whereas lipoxygenase products damped
      this response. In contrast, B cell activation with 8-mercaptoguanosine (an
      intracellular activator) was inhibited by cyclooxygenase products and remained
      relatively unaffected by several lipoxygenase products tested. This pattern of
      results was confirmed in studies with pathway inhibitors. Moreover, when
      liberation of endogenous AA was induced by stimulation of phospholipase A2
      activity with melittin, inhibition of the response to each class of activator was
      counteracted with the appropriate pathway inhibitor. Results suggest that the two
      major groups of AA oxidation products function as a system of counterbalancing
      regulatory influences, serving to modulate B cell activation at the plasma
      membrane and to downregulate B cell activation at the intracellular level.

PMID- 6432884
TI  - Modulation of epidermal cell division and growth by oxygenation products of
      arachidonic acid.
AB  - Recently accumulated data have shown that arachidonic acid derivatives play a
      role not only in cutaneous inflammation, but also in regulation of epidermal
      growth. Today, the best evidence for the involvement of leukotrienes in human
      skin disease is psoriasis. Such evidence includes: the presence of leukotrienes
      B4, C4, and D4 and monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids in psoriatic skin lesions;
      the presence of these compounds in amounts capable of mediating epidermal
      proliferation, neutrophil accumulation, and vasodilatation characteristic of
      psoriasis; and improvement of psoriasis by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

PMID- 6432885
TI  - DRG--the second revolution in health care for the elderly.

PMID- 6432886
TI  - [Demonstration of the effects on the corneal epithelium of a mucomimetic
      collyrium. Study using scanning microscopy].
AB  - Ocular surface drying was studied in rabbits using an experimental model of
      blinking interruption. This model produces a discontinuity in the pre-corneal
      tear film after a few minutes of exposure to air. Changes in superficial
      epithelial cell structure were studied using a scan microscope. A decrease of
      micro-folds and an increase in epithelial cell desquamation were observed.
      Prolonged exposure to air produced similar cellular lesions in deeper layers. The
      instillation of a single mucomimetic eye-drop containing chondroitin sulphate
      prevented total interruption of epithelial humidification, kept the epithelial
      surface intact and preserved normal cellular structure.

PMID- 6432887
TI  - [Acyclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic kerato-uveitis. A comparative
      clinical study. Indications for corticoid therapy].
AB  - The relative efficacy of aciclovir (ACV) and trifluorothymidine (TFT) was
      evaluated in a randomized, open clinical trial of 37 patients with herpetic
      kerato-uveitis. Twenty-one patients were treated with ACV and 16 with TFT.
      Topical steroids were withheld as long as the degree of inflammation permitted.
      Although both drugs were effective in healing the herpetic corneal ulcers, TFT
      had a significantly shorter healing time than ACV. However, ACV was more
      effective in treating the iridocyclitis than TFT. In 5 cases the keratouveitis
      responded to ACV alone, while only one case was successfully managed with TFT
      alone. Both drugs seemed to prevent steroid-induced epithelial complications and
      no significant side-effects were observed with either drug. The treatment of
      herpetic keratouveitis with single agents such as ACV and TFT is dependent upon
      rapidly instituting therapy and minimizing the use of topical steroids. The
      apparently good intraocular penetration of ACV and TFT may decrease the need for
      adjunctive steroid therapy and thereby minimize the risks of facilitated viral
      replication and steroid-dependence.

PMID- 6432888
TI  - Sexual maturation and adrenal function in girls with thalassemia.
AB  - Adrenal steroid production was evaluated in 12 thalassemic girls aged between 18
      and 22 years and at stage P1 of sexual maturation according to Tanner. The values
      found in these patients were compared with those in 12 normal girls of the same
      age at stage P4-5 of sexual maturation. Pregnelone, dehydroepiandrosterone,
      dehydroepiandosterone sulfate, progesterone, 17-OH-P, androstenedione,
      testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol were found to be significantly
      reduced (p less than 0.001) in the thalassemic group, while cortisol levels
      showed a slight but not statistically significant reduction. Plasma ferritin
      levels were greatly increased and showed a highly significant (p less than 0.001)
      correlation coefficient when plotted against each hormone. The present results
      suggest that the impaired adrenal function plays an important role in determining
      the delayed sexual maturation almost always present in the thalassemic patients
      and that this disorder may be due to iron overload.

PMID- 6432889
TI  - Growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF)-stimulation test in normal controls and
      acromegalic patients.
AB  - Recently a growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) has been isolated from a
      pancreatic tumor of an acromegalic patient. This peptide with 44 aminoacids
      (hpGRF1-44) has been synthesized and has been shown to have growth hormone
      releasing property in vivo and in vitro. We have examined the growth hormone
      response to synthetic hpGRF1-44 in 10 normal male and 5 normal female subjects,
      in 4 patients with active acromegaly and in one patient with hypothalamic
      pituitary insufficiency. After the injection of 100 micrograms hpGRF1-44, growth
      hormone increased in all normal controls within 5-15 min from a mean basal level
      of 0.64 +/- 0.06 ng/ml +/- SE to a peak of 16.7 +/- 3.3 ng/ml 30 min after hpGRF1
      44. No significant side effects were recorded. All other anterior pituitary
      hormones showed no increase after hpGRF1-44. In addition, no significant change
      of blood glucose, pulse rate or blood pressure was recorded after hpGRF1-44. In 4
      normal subjects the growth hormone response to 100 micrograms hpGRF1-44 was
      compared with the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. There was no
      significant difference between the maximum increase of growth hormone after
      hpGRF1-44 and hypoglycemia. In 3 out of 4 patients with active acromegaly 100
      micrograms hpGRF1-44 led to a clear-cut increase with a peak value at 15 min,
      whereas one patient with postoperative active acromegaly showed no GH increase
      after 100 micrograms hpGRF1-44. One acromegalic was tested before and 6 weeks
      after incomplete transsphenoidal surgery with the same response from a lower
      basal level after surgery as before.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432890
TI  - Prolactin secretion in pubertal and adult male subjects.
AB  - Prolactin, LH and FSH circadian secretion were studied in a group of 20 boys in
      various pubertal stages and in 13 normal male adults. Prolactin 24-hour
      integrated concentration was similar in all groups except in stage 2 boys, in
      which it was significantly higher with respect to stage 3-4 boys. This pattern
      was observed also for nocturnal, but not for diurnal concentration. As already
      described by other authors, LH showed and amplified circadian secretion in stage
      2 and 3-4 boys, particularly during night time. FSH increase was less evident,
      and reached the peak 24-hour mean concentration in stage 2 subjects. Our results
      suggest that during puberty the hypothalamic pituitary system increases its
      activity not only with regard to gonadotropins but also to prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6432891
TI  - Long-term variations in plasma gonadotropins in early castrated male rabbits.
AB  - LH and FSH levels were determined by RIA in plasma samples collected every 10
      days from 30 to 90 days and at 4, 5 and 6 months in control male rabbits and in
      rabbits castrated at 30 days of age. At all stages studied gonadotropin levels
      were significantly increased in castrates. Mean LH levels were not influenced by
      age in controls or in castrates. Mean FSH levels were age dependent and increased
      during sexual maturation in both groups. The results showed that the secretion of
      FSH, but not that of LH, may be stimulated during prepubertal and pubertal stages
      in males where steroidal inhibition is absent.

PMID- 6432892
TI  - Absence of H-Y antigen in a case of sporadic pure gonadal dysgenesis.
AB  - H-Y activity, endocrine function and gonadal histology were studied in a
      phenotypic female presenting with features of sporadic 46,XY pure gonadal
      dysgenesis. H-Y activity was absent, hormonal data revealed a primary ovarian
      failure with a blunted response of FSH to LHRH; there was no testicular tissue
      nor microscopic evidence of gonadal tumor in the gonads. The current view on the
      role of H-Y antigen in the differentiation of the gonads and in the occurrence of
      gonocytoma is discussed.

PMID- 6432893
TI  - Hypothalamic hypothyroidism due to isolated thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      deficiency.
AB  - Cold intolerance and secondary amenorrhea developed in a patient who had
      meningoencephalitis 4 yr prior to study. A clinical diagnosis of hypothalamic
      hypothyroidism was made on the basis of low serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine
      levels, and low plasma thyrotropin concentrations, which were responsive to
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The secretion of the remaining pituitary
      hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropin and gonadotropins) was
      intact. Not only was thyroid function normalized by oral administration of TRH,
      but also menses resumed after adequate replacement therapy with thyroid hormone.
      These results imply that hypothyroidism in this patient was due to isolated
      dysfunction of hypothalamic TRH release.

PMID- 6432894
TI  - The growth hormone responses to L-dopa and TRH in acromegaly.
AB  - The GH responses to TRH and L-dopa were investigated in 14 Indian and African
      patients with untreated acromegaly. A positive response to L-dopa (greater than
      50% change from basal) was obtained in 6 of the 14 patients tested while a
      positive response to TRH (greater than 100% change from basal) was found in 5 of
      12 patients tested. While 9 patients responded to at least one agent, only 2 had
      a positive response to both agents. Positive responders appeared to be hyper
      prolactinemic and have evidence of abnormal glucose tolerance as compared to
      nonresponders.

PMID- 6432895
TI  - Growth-hormone releasing factor and clonidine in children with constitutional
      growth delay. Evidence for defective pituitary growth hormone reserve.
AB  - Six male prepubertal children with constitutional growth delay (CGD), and a
      subnormal growth hormone (GH) response to insulin hypoglycemia, and four normal
      prepubertal children were given in different occasions 1 microgram/Kg iv
      synthetic hpGRF-40 or a single oral dose of 0.15 mg/m2 clonidine (Clon), an
      effective growth hormone (GH) secretagogue. In the normal children brisk and
      clear-cut GH rises were detected in plasma after hpGRF-40 (peak GH levels at 15
      30 min) or clonidine (peak GH levels 60-90 min). In CGD children hpGRF-40 induced
      a biphasic response, e.g. a slight increase in plasma GH at 15 min followed by a
      delayed and erratic GH rise occurring 45-120 min post-injection. Also the GH
      response to Clon was sluggish and delayed and peak plasma GH levels were attained
      only 90-180 min post-drug administration. These data indicate that the CGD
      children of our study have a defect in the pituitary GH reserve.

PMID- 6432896
TI  - Quantitative studies of the evolution of the thalamus in primates.
AB  - A quantitative study of the thalamus and metathalamus has been carried out on
      brains of six different primate species. The allometric formula devised by
      Stephan, Bauchot and Andy (1970) has been slightly modified as two steps have
      been utilized in order to attain the required magnification of the final
      photomicrograph (a positive print, as opposed to Stephan et al's negative print).
      The thalamic and metathalamic structures are divided on the basis of their
      developmental stages into two groups--paleothalamus and neothalamus, so that
      their proportions to each other in primate phylogeny can be estimated. The
      results show that the neothalamus extends the paleothalamus by two-thirds
      (2/3rds) in Tupaia and by more than three-quarters (3/4ths) in Cercopithecus. Of
      all the thalamic groups, the dorsolateral thalamic nuclear group is most dominant
      in all primate species, except Tupaia, where the ventrolateral thalamic nuclei
      are larger than all other nuclei. The pulvinar is the most dominant nucleus in
      all species except Tupaia. These quantitative results conform, in most places,
      with the observations of other researchers, while they do not agree much with the
      qualitative observations of the thalamus in the same species (Simmons 1974). How
      this study has a bearing on the phylogenetic positions of the Tupaioidea and the
      Tarsioidea in the Primate Order, is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6432897
TI  - The mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 in the Cricetulus griseus hamster and
      Macaca mulatta monkey.
AB  - Chromosome aberrations were scored in bone marrow cells of Cricetulus griseus
      hamsters and Macaca mulatta monkeys given a single i.p. injection of aflatoxin B1
      (AFB1). The mutagenic activity of AFB1 was assessed by the percentage of cells
      bearing aberrations and by the total frequency of chromosome and chromatid
      breaks. Chinese hamsters were treated with five different doses of AFB1 ranging
      from 1 microgram to 5 mg/kg (LD50/30 = 12.2 mg/kg) and the aberration yields at
      each AFB1 dose level tested were determined at 24 h intervals for 5 consecutive
      days. Compared to controls the increase in the two types of chromosome
      abnormalities was significant in all tests. At 5 mg/kg of AFB1 the tests were
      carried out over a period of 92 days to assure the analysis of aberration yields
      with time. All chromosome aberration assays conducted during this period showed
      significant increases in the frequencies of aberrant cells and chromosome and
      chromatid breaks in comparison to controls. Macaque monkeys were treated in the
      same fashion using 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg of AFB1 and the dynamics of chromosome
      aberration yields was analyzed for a period of 730 days. Similarly as in the case
      of Chinese hamsters the percentage of cells with aberrations and the frequency of
      chromosome and chromatid breaks were always higher in this period than the
      control value. Long-term aberration yield data obtained experimentally were
      expressed in the form of analytical curves which allowed to establish the time
      when the yields of aberrant cells reached their maxima and when they returned to
      the control level. In both animal species tested the courses of analytical curves
      had a similar dynamics. Factors that might be responsible for a long-term
      persistence and relatively great fluctuations of the chromosome aberration yields
      encountered after a single injection of AFB1 are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6432898
TI  - Diagnostic possibilities of serology in diseases caused by members of the genus
      Candida berkhout.
AB  - Up to now, the diagnosis of candidiases has been an intriguing problem chiefly
      because the detection of Candida in the sick organism is no conclusive evidence
      of its etiological involvement. The endeavour to use serological methods in the
      diagnosis has not been successful and their use has so far practically been
      limited to taxonomic studies. In an effort to find a serological approach to the
      diagnosis, we found the agarimmunodiffusion assay of Ouchterlony to be the most
      promising method and used it in our own modification. The first stage of the work
      was to select and prepare the most suitable type of antigen for this reaction
      (described in the present paper). Sixteen antigen types classifiable into four
      groups were prepared: simple water-extracted antigens, alcohol-extracted
      antigens, antigens obtained on disrupting cells by repeated freezing and thawing,
      and antigens prepared by boiling cultures. Cultures for antigen preparation were
      grown on Salvin's medium or on liquid Sabourad's medium and the antigens obtained
      were either used in their native form or dialysed. Serological tests with
      hyperimmune rabbit sera prepared by our own schedule were done repeatedly. By far
      the best were simple water-extracted antigens, nondialysed, from cultures grown
      on Sabouraud's medium. They reacted the most sensitively, gave high antibody
      detection rates and assessable precipitin reactions and showed high species
      specificity. Tests with positive human sera fully confirmed these findings; in
      fact, species specificity was even somewhat higher here.

PMID- 6432899
TI  - R plasmids in the newborns: transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Enterobacteria.

PMID- 6432900
TI  - Selective activation by thymus-dependent antigens of distinct B cell
      subpopulations expressing a major cross-reactive idiotype.
AB  - We determined the B cell subpopulations that produce the major cross-reactive
      idiotype (CRIA) associated with the anti-phenylarsonate (ARS) antibody response
      of A/J mice. Specifically, we examined the B2 subpopulation found in normal mice
      which, in H-2b mice, bears the I-Ab-encoded determinant Ia.W39; the B1
      subpopulation found in mice expressing the CBA/N X-linked immunodeficiency trait
      (xid); and the B1 subpopulation found in normal mice after the cytotoxic
      elimination of B2 cells with anti-Ia. W39 and complement. CRIA is expressed in
      each of these B cell subpopulations. Antigen plays a selective role in the
      stimulation of distinct B cell sets. ARS conjugates of keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      (KLH) can activate both the B1 and B2 subpopulations. In contrast, ARS conjugates
      of synthetic polypeptides under Ir gene control selectively activate the B2
      subpopulation in strains that are genetic responders to the carrier. This leads
      to the establishment of CRIA dominance where CRIA+ anti-ARS antibody is 70 to 95%
      of the total anti-arsonate antibody response. This class of antigens fails to
      activate the B1 cells in either normal or xid mice. We compared the CRIA+
      antibody produced by selectively activated B2 cells to that produced by the B1
      subpopulation in xid mice. For these comparisons, we used competitive
      radioimmunoassays that employed polyspecific anti-CRIA antiserum or monoclonal
      anti-CRIA antibodies specific for distinct idiotopes on the heavy chain of CRIA+
      antibody. B2 cells produce a CRIA+ anti-ARS antibody that is idiotopically
      uniform among individual mice, and that closely approximates the hybridoma
      protein 36-65 (the heavy chain of 36-65 represents the germ line-encoded sequence
      of the unique CRIA structural gene (25]. In contrast, the CRIA+ antibody produced
      by the B1 cell subset of xid mice is idiotopically diverse among individual mice,
      and differs markedly from the 36-65 hybridoma protein. The extent of
      diversification found in CRIA+ antibody depends on the B cell subpopulation that
      produces it.

PMID- 6432901
TI  - Sequential substages of natural killer cell-derived cytolytic factor (NKCF)
      mediated cytolysis as defined by glutaraldehyde modulation of the target cell.
AB  - The substages of natural killer cell-derived cytolytic factor (NKCF)-mediated
      cytolysis have been examined by using the bifunctional protein cross-linking
      reagent glutaraldehyde. Glutaraldehyde (2 X 10(-4%)) enhanced both the level and
      rate of lysis mediated by NKCF when the factor was prebound to the L929 target
      cell. However, glutaraldehyde enhanced lysis only when added at specific time
      points (2 to 4 hr after addition of NKCF, which was 6 to 8 hr before any lysis
      occurred), indicating that NKCF-mediated lysis is a dynamic process. When 10(-3%)
      glutaraldehyde was added at the same time as NKCF, inhibition of lysis was
      observed. Pretreatment of L929 target cells, but not of NKCF, with glutaraldehyde
      resulted in inhibition of NKCF-mediated cytolysis. In addition, it was shown that
      glutaraldehyde-pretreated L929 and K562 cold target cells were not as effective
      in competing for binding of NKCF in a cold target competition assay, or as
      effective in absorbing NKCF at 4 degrees C, indicating that glutaraldehyde
      modified the NKCF receptor to block binding of NKCF to the target cell. Thus,
      NKCF-mediated cytolysis can be divided into at least four substages based upon
      sequential modulation by glutaraldehyde: 1) NKCF binding stage (inhibited by
      glutaraldehyde), 2) glutaraldehyde-enhanceable nonlytic stage, 3) glutaraldehyde
      nonenhanceable nonlytic stage, and 4) glutaraldehyde-nonenhanceable lytic stage.

PMID- 6432902
TI  - Phorbol esters enhance spontaneous cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes, abrogate Fc
      receptor expression, and inhibit antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated
      cytotoxicity.
AB  - Phorbol esters with tumor promoter activity enhance the spontaneous cytotoxicity
      of human lymphocytes against a variety of target cell lines, with an efficiency
      that correlates with their potency as tumor promoters or skin irritants. Analysis
      of surface marker expression of the lymphocytes cytotoxic after treatment with
      phorbol ester identified the cytotoxic cell subset as that containing natural
      killer cells. Although gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) is produced by T cells
      treated with phorbol esters, IFN gamma is probably not the mediator of
      enhancement of natural killer cell activity, because anti-IFN gamma antibodies
      failed to block this enhancement. Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity is
      inhibited when phorbol esters are present during the cytotoxic assay, but is
      enhanced when the effector cells are pretreated with these agents. On the other
      hand, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by lymphocytes is inhibited by
      phorbol ester pretreatment of the effector cells or by phorbol esters present
      during the cytotoxic assay. Treatment of lymphocytes with phorbol esters at 37
      degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C, completely abrogates in 1 to 2 hr the
      expression of the receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG, as detected by rosette
      formation with IgG-sensitized erythrocytes and by reactivity with anti-Fc
      receptor antibodies. The inhibition of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by phorbol
      esters is probably secondary to their effect on the Fc receptor.

PMID- 6432903
TI  - Human cytolytic T lymphocyte interactions with vascular endothelium and
      fibroblasts: role of effector and target cell molecules.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against cell surface structures have been used to
      identify several molecules involved in the interaction of human cytolytic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) with lymphoid and other bone marrow-derived targets. In
      allograft rejection or in graft-vs-host disease, however, major cellular targets
      are vascular and stromal cells, especially endothelium. Yet little is known about
      whether the same cell surface molecules are involved in the interactions of CTL
      with these cell types. We assessed the ability of mAb against effector or target
      cell structures to inhibit cytolysis of susceptible, cultured human vascular
      endothelium or dermal fibroblasts by a cloned human CTL line. Using mAb reactive
      with T3, T4, LFA-1, LFA-2, LFA-3, and HLA-DR, we found a qualitatively similar
      but quantitatively different pattern of inhibition of cytolysis as previously
      established for lymphoid targets by using the same CTL clone. These results have
      two implications: 1) the target cell structures recognized by CTL molecules such
      as T4, LFA-1 and LFA-2 are present on diverse cell types; and 2) the relative
      importance of such interactions may vary with target cell type. Furthermore, our
      studies provide several insights into the mechanisms of the interacting
      molecules. Our model system, and the use of pathophysiologically important target
      cells, may be useful for further analysis of CTL-mediated immune injury.

PMID- 6432904
TI  - The murine IL 2 receptor. II. Monoclonal anti-IL 2 receptor antibodies as
      specific inhibitors of T cell function in vitro.
AB  - We assessed the dependency of a variety of immune responses for IL 2 in vitro by
      using anti-IL 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies as specific inhibitors of IL 2
      function. The generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and
      maximal thymocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and IL 1 was readily
      susceptible to inhibition by these antibodies. Furthermore, the IL 2 receptor
      positive, IL 2-responsive cell in the CTL cultures expressed killer cell
      activity. A greater variability in susceptibility to anti-IL 2 receptor antibody
      inhibition was noted for proliferation of T cells to concanavalin A, PHA, or
      allogeneic cells. Under certain conditions, however, each of these responses was
      almost completely inhibited. In most instances, the failure to block a response
      could be accounted for by either high levels of endogenous IL 2 production or
      high density of cell surface IL 2 receptors, which represent two known variables
      that influence the level of inhibition by these antibodies. Analysis of IL 2
      receptor expression by mitogen-stimulated T cells suggested that accessory cells
      may play a role in the optimal expression of the IL 2 receptor. These experiments
      demonstrate that IL 2 is the predominant growth factor by which T lymphocytes
      proliferate, but do not exclude the possibility of an IL 2-independent pathway
      for growth.

PMID- 6432905
TI  - Biologic properties of interleukin 3. II. Serologic comparison of 20-alpha-SDH
      inducing activity, colony-stimulating activity, and WEHI-3 growth factor activity
      by using an antiserum against IL 3.
AB  - An antiserum was prepared against IL 3 and was characterized. Purified Ig from
      the serum precipitated iodinated IL 3. By using conditioned media from 35S
      labeled WEHI-3 cells, a 28,000 dalton protein and a 14/16,000 dalton doublet were
      specifically immune-precipitated, indicating that the immune Ig reacted with a
      limited number of WEHI-3-derived proteins. The immune Ig comparably inhibited the
      ability of purified IL 3 to induce the expression of 20-alpha-SDH, to induce
      proliferation of the FDC-P1 factor-dependent cell line, or to induce colony
      formation by bone marrow cells in soft agar. These results support the concept
      that IL 3 mediates these diverse biologic activities. By using conditioned media
      from WEHI-3 cells or from an MLR, the immune Ig completely inhibited induction of
      20-alpha-SDH or proliferation of FDC-P1 cells, demonstrating that all of the
      activity is associated with a factor serologically identical to IL 3 purified
      from WEHI-3-conditioned media. In contrast, the immune Ig did not inhibit bone
      marrow colony formation by partially purified CSF-2, demonstrating that
      serologically as well as biochemically, CSF-2 is distinguishable from IL 3.
      Similarly, the immune Ig did not inhibit IL 2-induced proliferation of a cloned
      cytotoxic T cell line.

PMID- 6432906
TI  - Analysis of the reactivity of four anti-mouse IgM allotype antibodies with mu+ B
      lineage cells at various stages of differentiation.
AB  - We have used two rat monoclonal antibodies (Mab) (Bet-1 and 331.12), a mouse Mab
      (AF6-78.25), and an alloantiserum (SJA anti-BAB/14) in two-color
      immunofluorescence analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to examine the
      expression of IgM allotypes at various stages of mouse B cell development,
      especially at the pre-B cell stage. In agreement with findings previously
      reported by others, these antibodies displayed the patterns of allotypic
      reactivity with IgM+ B cells and plasma cells from the appropriate strains of
      mice: Bet-1 antibody is specific for a allotype, AF6-78.25 and SJA anti-BAB/14
      for b allotype, and 331.12 for both a and b allotypes but not e allotype. These
      antibodies, however, did not react with isolated mu-heavy chains prepared from
      secreted molecules or synthesized in situ by normal pre-B cells or pre-B cell
      derived hybridomas. The requirement of light chain participation in the
      expression of IgM allotypic determinant(s) was additionally suggested by analysis
      of a fetal liver-derived hybridoma (F1-26-11) that has been shown to secrete IgM
      heteromolecules composed of C57BL/6-derived mu-chain and BALB/c-derived kappa
      chains. In contrast to the nonreactivity with C57BL/6 mu-only pre-B cell-derived
      hybridomas, all three antibodies with specificity for the b allotype (AF6-78.25,
      SJA anti-BAB/14, and 331.12) reacted with this particular hybridoma. After
      treating surface IgM molecules on B lymphocytes with papain to cleave Fab
      fragments, the b allotype reactivity of AF6-78.25 mouse Mab, but not 331.12 rat
      Mab, disappeared, whereas the a allotype reactivities of two rat Mab (Bet-1,
      331.12) were not altered. These results suggest that the IgM allotypic epitopes
      defined by these antibodies appear to be sterically dependent on the assembly of
      the whole IgM molecules, and rat Mab 331.12 and mouse Mab AF6-78.25 define two
      separate b allotype specificities, one on the Fc portion and the other on the Fab
      portion of the IgM molecules, respectively.

PMID- 6432907
TI  - Macrophages release arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane in
      response to late complement components.
AB  - Rat peritoneal macrophages released arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and
      thromboxane B2 when treated with normal rabbit or C6-deficient rabbit complement
      in vitro. Normal rabbit complement, however, was more efficient, which indicates
      that late complement components, in addition to the known effects of C3a and C3b,
      were responsible for an enhanced arachidonic acid turnover. Indeed, in the
      absence of the C3 cleavage products, the purified late complement components
      C5b6, C7, C8, and C9 stimulated the arachidonic acid, as well as the
      prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 release. Incubation of C5b6, C7, C8, and C9
      for 1 hr at 37 degrees C before addition to the macrophages abolished the
      stimulatory activity, being in complete agreement with the fact that a fluid
      phase-formed complex of C5-9 loses its membrane-binding capacity. Although the
      mechanism by which C5b-9-membrane interaction affects the arachidonic acid
      metabolism remains unclear, the data describe a new function of the late
      complement components.

PMID- 6432908
TI  - In vivo transfer of persisting (P) cells; further evidence for their identity
      with T-dependent mast cells.
AB  - Previously we described the persistent in vitro growth of lines of cells
      (persisting [P] cells) that shared many cytochemical, biochemical, and functional
      characteristics with mast cells and depended for their survival and growth on a
      specific T cell-derived factor, P cell-stimulating factor (PSF). Here we present
      further evidence for their identity with the T-dependent or atypical subset of
      mast cells and show that they retain characteristics of T-dependent mast cells
      when transferred in vivo. One week after the injection of P cells into the dermis
      of mutant Wf/Wf mice, which have a genetically determined deficiency in mast
      cells, large numbers of mast cells were present at the injection site, although
      by 2 wk or later these had disappeared. These mast cells resembled T-dependent
      mast cells rather than connective tissue mast cells in terms of their size and
      staining characteristics. Further evidence that these mast cells belonged to the
      T-dependent subset was that they retained their sensitivity to PSF. Thus, if P
      cells were injected into the dermis of Wf/Wf mice that bore in one groin a
      subcutaneous tumor (WEHI-3B) that produced PSF, increased numbers of mast cells
      were still evident at the injection site 4 wk later; this was not the case in
      mice bearing a non-PSF-producing variant of the same tumor. Experiments with
      cloned P cells generated from mice bearing the beige (bgJ/bgJ) mutation and with
      the giant granules of cells of this genotype used as a marker showed conclusively
      that the mast cells at the injection sites were derived from the injected P
      cells. P cells sensitized in vitro with monoclonal antigen-specific IgE or IgG1
      antibodies and then injected intracutaneously into W/Wv mice transferred local
      cutaneous anaphylactic responses. P cells sensitized with IgG1 transferred local
      cutaneous anaphylactic responses to rats. These results support the view that P
      cell lines are cognate with the atypical or T-dependent subset of mast cells and
      that these cells retain their functional capabilities when injected in vivo.

PMID- 6432909
TI  - Reversible defect in antigen-induced lymphokine and gamma-interferon generation
      in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with progressive Leishmania
      mexicana (LM) infection were examined for responses to mitogen and antigen
      before, during, and after successful treatment. Before therapy, his cells
      proliferated normally and secreted effective macrophage-activating lymphokines in
      response to concanavalin A (Con A) and Toxoplasma gondii antigen, but failed to
      show any response to LM antigen. At this time, suppressive humoral factors were
      not present, the intracellular antimicrobial activity of the patient's monocytes
      was intact, and once stimulated with normal lymphokines, his monocyte-derived
      macrophages readily killed his own infecting LM strain. One month after initial
      treatment, the patient's T cells showed variable but measurable responses to LM
      antigen, and by 6 mo, these responses were fully developed in proliferative and
      lymphokine-generating assays. The patient's lymphokines were examined for gamma
      interferon (IFN-gamma) because a) a monoclonal anti-human IFN-gamma antibody
      abolished the capacity of lymphokines to activate normal macrophages to kill LM,
      and b) partially purified and recombinant IFN-gamma alone could induce macrophage
      leishmanicidal activity. The patient's pretreatment Con A- and T. gondii antigen
      stimulated lymphocyte supernatants (which activated macrophages to kill LM)
      contained 2000 to 3000 U/ml of IFN-gamma, whereas his LM antigen lymphokine was
      devoid of activity (less than 10 U/ml). At 1 and 6 mo after therapy, however, the
      latter lymphokine showed 20 and 600 U/ml of IFN-gamma, respectively, paralleling
      the development of antigen-specific proliferation and active lymphokine
      generation and the clinical status of his infection. These results appear to
      support previous suggestions that the ability of T cells to secrete antigen
      induced macrophage-activating lymphokines (particularly IFN-gamma) is a key
      cellular immune response to intracellular Leishmania infections.

PMID- 6432910
TI  - Rabbit class I MHC genes: cDNA clones define full-length transcripts of an
      expressed gene and a putative pseudogene.
AB  - The rabbit cell line RL-5 was recently found to express only a single detectable
      major histocompatibility complex class I protein, in contrast to the multiple
      class I proteins expressed in cells of the mouse (K, D, and L) and human (A, B,
      and C). To clarify this difference in the rabbit major histocompatibility
      complex, we have begun an investigation of the class I genes expressed in the RL
      5 cell line and here report the construction of 31 class I cDNA clones derived
      from RL-5 mRNA. Restriction endonuclease mapping has allowed classification of
      these clones into five groups, apparently representing five distinct class I mRNA
      transcripts. The sequence of a full-length cDNA from the predominant group
      (representing 26 of the 31 clones) reveals a typical class I structure, with an
      amino terminus that exactly matches the 36 amino terminal residues previously
      determined for the class I protein immunoprecipitated from RL-5. Complete
      sequence of a second distinct class I mRNA transcript was deduced from cDNA
      clones of the second largest group (representing two of the 31 clones). Although
      this transcript corresponds to a complete class I sequence, an anomaly in
      initiation sequence may preclude its translation in the proper reading frame.
      Comparison of the rabbit class I sequences to those of mouse and human revealed
      significantly higher homologies between the rabbit and the human than between
      mouse and rabbit or mouse and human sequences.

PMID- 6432911
TI  - A simple rapid technique to measure neutrophil or serum bactericidal activity.
AB  - A rapid and simple technique to measure both serum and neutrophil bactericidal
      activity is described. It is based on microtitre equipment and avoids the
      cumbersome and time consuming serial dilution and plate counting of conventional
      experiments. A constant concentration of neutrophils and/or serum is incubated
      with a series of dilutions of bacterial suspensions. Bacterial survival is
      estimated at various times from their ability to form colonies on agar and the
      results conveniently expressed as the largest bacterial population that can be
      eliminated by either neutrophils or serum alone. The technique is as simple and
      quick as a standard microtitre MBC test commonly used for antibiotics and scoring
      of the results takes only a few seconds per sample. Data are presented showing
      the close correlation between results obtained using this technique and those
      from conventional tests of neutrophil bactericidal activity and phagocytosis
      associated chemiluminescence.

PMID- 6432912
TI  - Rapid method of extraction of antibodies from hen egg yolk.
AB  - Antibodies were raised in laying hens and isolated from the yolk of their eggs by
      precipitation with precooled (-20 degrees C) propane-2-ol and removing lipid
      material with propane-2-ol and acetone. The dried precipitate was extracted with
      phosphate buffer and shown to contain IgG antibodies and a small amount of
      additional protein. By Ouchterlony gel diffusion and rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis, the concentration and quality of specific antibodies in
      the extracts were comparable to those found in the serum of rabbits or to the IgG
      separated from yolk by other methods. The new isolation procedure is rapid,
      reliable and convenient.

PMID- 6432913
TI  - Effects of oral aspirin and oxaprozin on the development of lupus-like disease in
      MRL/1 mice.
AB  - We examined the effects of two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, aspirin and
      oxaprozin, on the development of lupus-like disease in MRL/1 mice. Daily oral
      administration of 100 mg/kg of these compounds over a period of 3 months
      significantly reduced thymic lymphoid hyperplasia. In addition, aspirin but not
      oxaprozin significantly lowered total lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood.
      Other drug-related changes, including reduced hyperplasia in the spleen and lymph
      nodes and an improvement in kidney vasculitis by aspirin, did not reach
      statistical significance. Neither aspirin nor oxaprozin influenced the
      circulating levels of anti-ds DNA antibodies or the severity of kidney
      glomerulonephritis. While the overall effects of these cyclooxygenase inhibitors
      were not dramatic, the results do indicate that further studies are warranted to
      determine the precise therapeutic role, if any, for PG-synthetase inhibitors in
      lupus-like disease.

PMID- 6432914
TI  - Incidence of penicillin insensitive and beta-lactamase producing strains of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Visakhapatnam.

PMID- 6432915
TI  - Diabetic emergencies.

PMID- 6432916
TI  - Deficiency of interleukin-2 production and interleukin-2 receptor expression on
      peripheral blood leukocytes after phytohemagglutinin stimulation in pemphigus.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 pemphigus patients with active disease
      and 30 normal subjects were evaluated for interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and IL
      2 receptor expression following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P).
      The IL-2 levels were lower in patients compared to corresponding controls and the
      production was delayed after PHA stimulation. This deficiency was most pronounced
      in severely affected patients. IL-2 receptor appearance also was lower after PHA
      stimulation in a small number of patients tested. These results indicate that
      some cellular immune functions are altered in pemphigus.

PMID- 6432917
TI  - The nature and origin of the melanin macroglobule.
AB  - The melanin macroglobule (MMG), formerly called "macromelanosome," is a
      cytoplasmic spherical granule formed in the melanocyte, varying in size from one
      to several microns, much larger than normal ellipsoidal melanosomes. Although
      ultrastructural features of MMG have been adequately described in the past, there
      has been a disagreement about the formation process of MMG. In order to further
      elucidate the nature and origin of MMG, electron microscopic studies were
      conducted in several pigmentary disorders. Our findings included: (1) The most
      remarkable characteristics of MMG are (a) the pleomorphism of their internal
      structure and (b) the variation of their size. (2) MMG do not represent true
      melanosomes but unique forms of autolysosomes resulting from the fusion of
      autophagosomes (containing various numbers of melanosomes) with primary and/or
      secondary lysosomes. (3) MMG are retained within melanocytes or transferred to
      keratinocytes and to Langerhans cells in the epidermis, and to macrophages in the
      dermis in any of their developmental stages. After transfer, MMG can fuse with
      other heterolysosomes and probably increase in size in these cells. We regard
      melanosome complexes as but one step in an autophagic process within melanocytes
      which can, on occasion, produce MMG as residual bodies.

PMID- 6432918
TI  - Dopachrome oxidoreductase: a new enzyme in the pigment pathway.
AB  - We report our preliminary characterization of a new enzyme in the pigment pathway
      which we propose to call dopachrome oxidoreductase (DCOR). This enzyme, prepared
      from mouse melanoma, catalyzed the conversion of dopachrome to 5,6
      dihydroxyindole and also appeared to block the pigment pathway at this latter
      compound in the absence of tyrosinase. DCOR was protease-sensitive, heat-labile,
      and showed maximum stability in the range of pH 6-8. The molecular weight of DCOR
      was estimated to be 34,000 by gel filtration. DCOR had a subcellular distribution
      within the melanocyte which was similar to that of tyrosinase, but DCOR activity
      was found in melanocytes devoid of tyrosinase activity and was not inhibited by
      tyrosinase inhibitors. DCOR may prove to be an active regulatory enzyme in
      melanogenesis.

PMID- 6432919
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI: collagen type specificity of defective lysyl
      hydroxylation in various tissues.
AB  - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI is an inherited disorder of collagen
      metabolism characterized by a defective lysyl hydroxylase. The resulting lack of
      hydroxylysine has been found in several connective tissues, all of which show
      varying degrees of clinical symptoms. In the present study, collagen was isolated
      from different connective tissues and the degree of hydroxylation of lysyl
      residues was determined. Subsequently, collagen types I, II, III, IV, and V have
      been prepared from a number of tissues. Insufficient hydroxylation of lysyl
      residues was found in type I and type III collagen, whereas types II, IV, and V
      showed normal amounts of hydroxylysine. The expression of the defect, even for
      type I and type III collagen, varied widely from one tissue to another. A
      complete lack of hydroxylysine was observed in skin, while it was less pronounced
      in tissues such as bone, tendon, lung, or kidney. The data suggest the presence
      of several isoenzymes having varying affinities to the different collagen types.

PMID- 6432920
TI  - Functional analysis of tyrosinase isozymes of cultured malignant melanoma cells
      during the recovery period following interrupted melanogenesis induced by
      glycosylation inhibitors.
AB  - Multiple forms of tyrosinase, T1, T2, T3, have been shown to differ with respect
      to carbohydrate moieties of these isozymes. We demonstrated that, in cultured B
      16 melanoma cells, melanization can be completely interrupted by glycosylation
      inhibitors, such as glucosamine and tunicamycin, and that these inhibitors cause
      a selective loss of membrane-bound T3. It is further found that inhibition of
      melanization induced by glucosamine occurs even in the presence of protease
      inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and leupeptin, and that
      melanization inhibition is reversible upon removal of the inhibitor. In this
      report we have also examined the process of development and recovery of the
      tyrosinase isozymes in cells in which the interruption of melanogenesis has been
      released by the removal of these glycosylation inhibitors. The recovery process,
      which occurs during the period after interrupted melanogenesis and is a process
      of remelanization, has been biochemically followed. Tyrosinases obtained from the
      deoxycholate-solubilized large-granule fraction of these melanoma cells have been
      analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Immediately after removal (0 h recovery) of the glycosylation inhibitor, loss of
      melanization and T3 is accompanied by T1 heterogeneity which is visualized as two
      electrophoretically distinct species, T1' and T1''. At this time, T1' and T1'' do
      not have a concanavalin A affinitive carbohydrate moiety but do possess in vitro
      dopa reactivity. When recovery of melanization begins visibly 24 h later, T3 is
      re-formed with disappearance of T1 heterogeneity. By 48 h, the previous normal
      level of melanization is almost attained. These results suggest that maturation
      of tyrosinase may occur via T1' and T1'' as precursors of T3, or possibly T1
      through the addition of N-glycosydically linked oligosaccharide moieties which
      can be interrupted by glucosamine and tunicamycin.

PMID- 6432922
TI  - Reduction in risk of hepatitis transmission by heat-treatment of a human Factor
      VIII concentrate.
AB  - A human Factor VIII concentrate containing both a non-A, non-B hepatitis agent
      and 300 or 30,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of added hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      was heated to 60 C in the lyophilized state for more than 10 hr. None of the four
      test chimpanzees that received the heated concentrate developed biochemical or
      ultrastructural evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas both control animals
      receiving unheated product acquired the disease four to five weeks after
      infusion. In one of these animals the alanine aminotransferase level remained
      elevated, a finding indicating unresolved or persistent liver disease. Challenge
      inoculations with unheated Factor VIII base product (without HBV) resulted in the
      development of non-A, non-B hepatitis in one of two chimpanzees that previously
      received the heated product. Hepatitis B infection developed in the control
      animal that resolved its non-A, non-B hepatitis infection but not in the non-A,
      non-B hepatitis carrier chimpanzee. Both chimpanzees receiving the heated Factor
      VIII containing 300 chimpanzee infectious doses of HBV failed to develop
      hepatitis B until 32 and 40 weeks postinoculation, whereas the two chimpanzees
      that received heated concentrate containing 30,000 infectious doses of HBV became
      infected within the expected time. Product characterization and human safety
      trials have revealed no significant difference between the heated and unheated
      Factor VIII lots and recovery of product has been exceptionally good.

PMID- 6432921
TI  - Mediation of the killing of rough, mucoid isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from
      patients with cystic fibrosis by the alternative pathway of complement.
AB  - The mechanism of killing of 12 serum-sensitive strains of mucoid Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated. A
      quantitative assay indicated that more than 90% of cells were killed in 50%
      normal human serum (NHS). All strains failed to grow in NHS concentrations of
      greater than 10%. Killing was unaffected by adsorption of NHS with the mucoid
      bacteria or chelation with MgCl2-ethyleneglycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N1
      tetraacetate (MgCl2-EGTA) but was abolished in serum heated to 50 C for 20 min.
      Incubation of NHS with mucoid P. aeruginosa reduced the hemolytic capability of
      MgCl2-EGTA-chelated NHS against rabbit red blood cells by 56%-99%. Killing of the
      serum-sensitive mucoid strains was also seen in hypogammaglobulinemic serum.
      These data suggest that killing of such strains by NHS can occur via antibody
      independent activation of the alternative pathway of complement. The importance
      of this finding lies in the implication that complement levels in the lungs of
      patients with cystic fibrosis who are colonized by these organisms are inadequate
      to deal with this chronic, progressive infection.

PMID- 6432923
TI  - [Metabolic disorders of glycoproteins in congenital glycosidase deficiencies].

PMID- 6432924
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on CT gas myelography of the cervical spine].
AB  - We applied CT gas myelography at the cervical spinal region and investigated the
      clinical value of CT gas myelography as a supplementary diagnostic method for the
      spinal cord and vertebral diseases. Fundamental studies of the conditions of
      window width and window height and the permitted limit of the angle of incidence
      were made with phantoms of human neck to establish proper conditions of these
      factors. In clinical studies, 23 adult persons, who had no abnormality in the
      cervical spine and in the cervical spinal cord were observed to have normal CT
      gas myelograms of the cervical region, whereas 37, of clinical cases including 18
      of cervical spondylosis, 10 of OPLL, 2 of cervical discopathy, 3 of fracture and
      dislocation of the cervical spine, 2 of cervical vertebral tumor and 2 of CYL,
      were found to show clear pathologic findings in the cross sections of the
      vertebral foramen, subarachnoidal space and spinal cord on the CT gas myelograms.
      The representative cases of these diseases were presented. The gas myelograms
      were morphologically classified and investigated in relation to the clinical
      findings. From the result of these investigations, CT gas myelography appears to
      be highly useful as a supplementary diagnostic method for diseases of the
      cervical spine and the cervical spinal cord. Furthermore, we compared the effect
      of this method with that of CT myelography using metrizamide, a recently
      developed water-soluble contrast medium.

PMID- 6432925
TI  - [Extensive pressure-releasing laminectomy].

PMID- 6432926
TI  - Joint position statement on long term care.

PMID- 6432927
TI  - Distribution of portal blood flow in the liver of the rat: a microsphere study.
AB  - We sought to determine whether streamlining of portal venous blood occurs in
      normal anaesthetized rats under basal conditions and with variations in hepatic
      blood flow. We catheterized the ileocolic vein and injected 15 micron
      microspheres labeled with 85Sr and 141Ce into this vein and into the spleen,
      respectively. The hepatic lobar distribution of microspheres was studied in a
      group under basal conditions and after hepatic blood flow was increased
      (infusions of nitroglycerin or glucagon) or decreased (infusion of vasopressin or
      ligation of the superior mesenteric artery); this blood flow was measured with a
      constant infusion of indocyanine green. Measured results (expressed as proportion
      of total liver counts per minute) were compared with a reference group in which
      the portal vein of rats had been partially ligated 10 days prior to study and in
      which similarly injected microspheres that lodged in the liver were assumed to be
      completely mixed with portal blood. No differences were seen within groups and
      between the reference and experimental groups. We conclude that under these
      experimental conditions, portal venous blood flow appears to be distributed
      homogeneously between hepatic lobes.

PMID- 6432928
TI  - The cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in human oral cancer tissue.
AB  - This paper reports on the synthesis of prostaglandins in oral squamous epithelial
      carcinomas. Using radio-thin-layer chromatography, we observed the conversion of
      14C-labelled arachidonic acid into the prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2 and
      PGD2. We also observed an approximately equal production of hydroxy fatty acids.
      The role of the above-mentioned substances in the growth of malignant tumours and
      the process of metastasis is discussed.

PMID- 6432929
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A retrospective study at Siriraj Hospital.

PMID- 6432930
TI  - Pulpal and periapical reactions to glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde pulpotomy
      dressing in monkeys.

PMID- 6432931
TI  - T cell antiidiotypic antibodies reveal differences between two human leukemias.
AB  - Two different human T cell leukemias were compared, using antiidiotype-like
      murine monoclonal antibodies. In each case these antibodies immunoprecipitated
      disulfide-linked heterodimer molecules from their respective leukemic cells. On
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of
      the two idiotype-bearing molecules a major difference in molecular weight was
      observed, which could be attributed to a similar difference in size of the
      heavily iodinated chain of either heterodimer. The lightly iodinated chains of
      both molecules co-migrated at 43 Kd, but appeared to have different isoelectric
      points on two-dimensional gel analysis. The possibility that these two different
      heterodimers correspond to different classes of the putative T cell receptor for
      antigen is discussed. Assays of proliferation of the leukemic cells using
      Sepharose-bound antiidiotype-like monoclonal antibody showed that one of the
      leukemic cell types proliferated readily in response to its antiidiotypic
      antibody. This proliferation was not associated with measurable production of IL
      2 and appeared to be a direct effect of the antiidiotypic antibody, which may
      mimic antigen in its interaction with the T cell receptor for antigen. The other
      leukemic cell type did not respond to Sepharose-bound antiidiotypic antibody and
      was generally unresponsive to lymphokines and mitogens. It is possible that the
      two leukemic cell types represent different stages of T cell differentiation.

PMID- 6432932
TI  - A major anti-myoglobin idiotype. Influence of H-2-linked Ir genes on idiotype
      expression.
AB  - A rabbit antiidiotypic antiserum raised against an A.SW IgG1K monoclonal anti
      sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) antibody, HAL19, and extensively absorbed with normal
      mouse immunoglobulin and MOPC 21 (IgG1K), was found to detect a common or major
      anti-Mb idiotype expressed by some but not all anti-Mb monoclonal antibodies,
      regardless of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, and by 40-50% of the anti-Mb
      antibodies in immune serum from five high responder strains of mice representing
      five different Igh allotypes. It did not inhibit antibodies to three unrelated
      protein antigens. The fraction of antibodies expressing this idiotype, denoted
      IdHAL19, was regulated by H-2-linked genes that correlated exactly in four
      independent haplotypes and an F1 with the known Mb immune response (Ir) genes and
      may be identical to these. Whereas less than 50% of antibodies from high
      responder mice were inhibitable by anti-IdHAL19, greater than 80% of antibodies
      from low responder mice, tested at comparable final antibody concentration, were
      inhibitable. This result was true for both low responder haplotypes, H-2b (B10)
      and H-2k (B10.BR). The idiotype was found to be present on antibodies that bound
      to native Mb but not fragments 1-55 or 132-153 of Mb or a denatured form, S
      methyl Mb. This specificity for native Mb paralleled that of the monoclonal
      idiotype HAL19 itself. Therefore, the production of antibodies specific for
      native in contrast to denatured Mb was studied in H-2-congenic high and low
      responder strains. Strikingly, low responders produced antibodies that reacted
      almost exclusively with the native conformation, whereas a larger proportion of
      antibodies from high responder mice also reacted with the denatured form, S
      methyl Mb. Bypassing of the Ir gene defect by immunization with Mb attached to a
      carrier, F gamma G, resulted in low responder antisera resembling higher
      responder sera in both idiotype expression and conformational specificity. The
      simplest explanation of these results is that H-2-linked Ir genes control
      antibody fine specificity, which is reflected in the idiotypes of the variable
      regions expressed. We suggest that low responder mice produce a more limited
      repertoire of antibodies consisting primarily of IdHAL19-positive antibodies
      specific for the native conformation of Mb. High responder mice produce a greater
      diversity of antibodies to Mb, so that the IdHAL19-positive, conformation
      specific population represents a smaller proportion of the total. Similarly, the
      use of carrier-specific helper T cells in low responder mice results in a greater
      diversity of antibodies, which dilutes out the IdHAL19 subset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6432933
TI  - Interleukin-induced increase in Ia expression by normal mouse B cells.
AB  - The constitutive culture supernatant (SN) of the macrophage tumor line P388D1
      (P388 SN) and the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced culture supernatant of the T
      cell hybridoma FS6-14.13 (FS6 Con A SN) were shown to contain nonspecific factors
      capable of inducing increased Ia expression by normal resting B cells in a dose
      dependent manner. In six consecutive experiments the relative increase in Ia
      expression induced by P388 SN was 4.9 +/- 0.9, with FS6 Con A SN 10.7 +/- 1.5,
      and with a combination of both preparations 13.0 +/- 1.7. This increase in Ia
      expression was observed to occur in virtually all the B cells, reaching maximum
      levels within 24 h of culture. The interleukin-induced increase in B cell Ia
      expression occurred in the absence of ancillary signals provided by ligand
      receptor Ig cross-linking and despite the fact that virtually all the control B
      cells, cultured in the absence of factors, remained in G0. These results suggest
      that functional receptors for at least some interleukins are expressed on normal
      resting B cells and their effects can be manifest in the absence of additional
      activating signals. The increased Ia expression induced by the nonspecific factor
      preparations was shown to be correlated with enhanced antigen-presenting capacity
      by the B cells to T cell hybridomas. The nature of the interleukins responsible
      for these effects remains to be definitively determined, however, the activity of
      FS6 Con A SN was shown to correlate with B cell growth factor activity and
      increased B cell Ia expression was not observed using interleukin 2 (IL-2) or
      interferon-gamma, prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

PMID- 6432934
TI  - Sequence similarities among kappa IIIb chains of monoclonal human IgM kappa
      autoantibodies.
AB  - Light chains of the serologically and chemically defined V region sub-subgroup
      kappa IIIb are preferentially associated with several types of human IgM kappa
      (monoclonal) autoantibodies and are remarkably homologous in primary structure,
      as evidenced by partial amino acid sequence data. To establish the extent of
      homology among such proteins, we have determined the complete variable region (V)
      sequence of the light chains of four monoclonal IgM kappa autoantibodies, of
      which two (GAR and GOT) are rheumatoid factors (RFs), the third (SON) has anti
      apo beta lipoprotein specificity, and the fourth (PIE) binds specifically to
      intermediate filaments. The region encoded by the V kappa segment gene (positions
      1-95) in all four light (L) chains is virtually identical in sequence, differing
      by only one residue in the FR3 of protein SON and in the first CDR of protein
      GOT. Further, the CDR3 of kappa chain SON contains an additional residue (prolyl)
      located at the carboxyl-terminus of the V segment. The region encoded by the J
      gene (positions 96-108) is identical after position 96 for the two RFs GAR and
      GOT (J kappa 2), but different in proteins SON (J kappa 4) and PIE (J kappa 1).
      The amino acid residue at position 96, located in CDR3 at the site of
      combinatoriaL joining of the V kappa and J kappa gene segments and involved as a
      contacting residue in the hapten binding site, is different in all four light
      chains. These results demonstrate the extensive homology in sequence among light
      chains of IgM kappa autoantibodies and indicate that a particular V kappa germ
      line gene, kappa IIIb, is expressed as a phylogenetic response to certain self
      antigens or as part of a selection process by which these autoimmune responses
      are regulated.

PMID- 6432936
TI  - An evaluation of four different luminescence immunoassay systems: CELIA
      (chemiluminescent immunoassay), SPALT (solid-phase antigen luminescence
      technique), ILMA (immunoluminometric assay) and ILSA (immunoluminometric labelled
      second antibody). A critical study of macro solid phases for use in immunoassay
      systems, Part III.
AB  - The performance of different solid-phase luminescence immunoassays has been
      documented using four different assay concepts. These are CELIA
      (chemiluminescence immunoassay), SPALT (solid-phase antigen luminescence
      technique), ILMA (immunoluminometric assay) and ILSA (immunoluminometric labelled
      second-antibody assay). CELIA is analogous to a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and
      uses a labelled antigen, SPALT and ILSA use a labelled second (species-specific)
      antibody and ILMA a labelled substance-specific antibody, i.e. analogous to the
      immunoradiometric assay. Both bioluminescent and chemiluminescent labels have
      been used. Pyruvate kinase was used for bioluminescence and diazoluminol and N-(4
      amino-butyl)-N-ethyl isoluminol hemisuccinamide for chemiluminescence. Relevant
      quality-control parameters and reference ranges have been given for the optimised
      assays. Assays described are: thyroxine, thyroxine binding globulin, cortisol,
      caeruloplasmin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. Luminescence immunoassays with
      coefficients of variation comparable with radioimmunoassay have been designed,
      values of under 5% being obtainable within the working range of the assay.

PMID- 6432935
TI  - Functional isotypes are not encoded by the constant region genes of the beta
      subunit of the T cell receptor for antigen/major histocompatibility complex.
AB  - Human T cell clones and a cDNA probe specific for constant regions of the beta
      subunit of the antigen/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) receptor, TiC beta
      1 and TiC beta 2, were employed to determine whether these genes were
      differentially used by functional classes of T lymphocytes. DNA from 10
      interleukin-2-dependent T cell clones including class I and class II MHC-specific
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes (n = 6), T4+ inducer T lymphocytes (n = 2), and T8+
      suppressor T lymphocytes (n = 2) showed rearrangement of the TiC beta 1 gene on
      Southern blot analysis with or without deletion of the other TiC beta 1 allele.
      In contrast, TiC beta 2 always remained in germline configuration. Moreover, the
      finding that one additional suppressor clone deleted both TiC beta 1 alleles,
      maintained a germline TiC beta 2 configuration, and yet actively transcribed TiC
      beta 2 message suggested that TiC beta 2 is not a pseudogene. Rather, it appeared
      to be used less frequently than the TiC beta 1 gene and in the absence of
      detectable DNA rearrangements. Together, these results demonstrate that the
      functional repertoire (or isotype) of a given subclass of T cells is not encoded
      within the Ti beta genes.

PMID- 6432937
TI  - Compensatory testicular hypertrophy in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.
AB  - In reproductively responsive, male Anolis carolinensis undergoing artificially
      induced testicular recrudescence, unilateral orchidectomy of the left testis
      produced compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis. Testosterone inhibited
      this compensatory testicular hypertrophy on a weight basis, but did not reduce
      the rate of spermatogenic development. These results suggest that there is a
      mechanism of testosterone feedback in Anolis carolinensis that controls
      gonadotropin secretion during the recrudescent phase. In reproductively
      thermorefractory lizards, unilateral orchidectomy had no effect on the remaining
      testis. Administration of exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone to refractory
      animals increased testicular weight and stage of spermatogenic development.
      Sensitivity to gonadotropin, as well as failure of unilateral orchidectomy to
      produce compensatory hypertrophy in refractory male anoles, suggests that the
      control of the refractory period in A. carolinensis results from physiological
      mechanisms in the pituitary gland or brain rather than in the testis.

PMID- 6432938
TI  - Human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF) stimulates growth
      hormone release in goldfish.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF) was injected
      intraperitoneally in different dosages, either as one injection or two injections
      3 hours apart, into goldfish. Serum GH levels were increased by certain dosages
      of hpGRF under both treatments. This is the first demonstration of GH-releasing
      activity of hpGRF in a teleost fish.

PMID- 6432939
TI  - Beta-alanine transport in the isolated hepatocytes of the elasmobranch Raja
      erinacea.
AB  - Cells were isolated from the liver of the skate and the uptake of beta-alanine
      followed using [14C]-beta-alanine. The isolated hepatocytes showed good
      viability, were found to accumulate beta-alanine from the incubation medium, and
      did so in a manner indicating a transport system involving a saturable carrier.
      The data for the rate of beta-alanine uptake suggest that this may be a rate
      limiting step in the oxidation of the amino acid by the liver. Experiments
      indicated that the transport system could distinguish beta-alanine from certain
      structurally similar molecules (L-alanine and taurine, but not gamma-amino
      butyrate). Cells isolated from fish adapted to a diluted environment (50%
      seawater) showed no significant change in the uptake rate. However, evidence
      indicates that, over the range of beta-alanine concentrations occurring in the
      fish, the uptake rate would be acutely sensitive to small changes in the
      concentration in the blood, thus forming a self-regulating system for the
      metabolism of beta-alanine.

PMID- 6432940
TI  - Utilization of exogenous fat emulsion at early stage of injury in rats.

PMID- 6432941
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning.

PMID- 6432942
TI  - [Current status and limitations of CO2 laser surgery and prospects for the
      future].

PMID- 6432943
TI  - Stimulation of germination of unactivated Bacillus cereus spores by ammonia.
AB  - Inclusion of ammonia in germinant mixtures containing L-alanine and inosine
      stimulated germination of unactivated Bacillus cereus spores at rates equal to
      those obtained using heat-activated spores without ammonia. D-Alanine had little
      effect on germination of heat-activated spores, but severely inhibited
      germination of unactivated spores in the presence of ammonia. Ammonia did not
      replace the requirement for either L-alanine or inosine: all three compounds were
      required for rapid germination. Kinetic analysis suggested that the functions of
      ammonia and L-alanine were more closely related than the functions of ammonia and
      inosine. With rate-saturating concentrations of L-alanine and inosine,
      germination rates showed saturation kinetics for ammonia with a Km for NH4Cl of 5
      mM. Comparisons of the effects of salts, amines and pH on germination rates
      suggested that NH4OH rather than NH+4 was the rate-limiting form of ammonia. In
      comparisons of various strains of B. cereus, stimulation of germination by
      ammonia occurred in all cases, although spores of most soil isolates germinated
      more rapidly than B. cereus T spores in the absence of ammonia.

PMID- 6432944
TI  - Synthesis and activity of nitrogenase in Klebsiella pneumoniae exposed to low
      concentrations of oxygen.
AB  - Effects of very low concentrations of dissolved O2 on nitrogenase activity in
      Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied in a stirred chamber system which enabled
      simultaneous measurements of steady-state O2 concentrations, O2 consumption and
      C2H2 reduction. A strain carrying a chromosomal nifH::lac fusion as well as the
      Nif+ plasmid pRD1, expressed nitrogenase activity with 80 nM-O2, a concentration
      known to inhibit nifH::lac expression by about 50% Thus nitrogenase activity in
      vivo was no more sensitive to O2 than expression of nifH::lac. When compared with
      anaerobic treatments, dissolved O2 near 30 nM apparently stimulated nitrogenase
      derepression and enhanced the activity of nitrogenase synthesized anaerobically.
      Thus, in this organism, N2 fixation occurs in microaerobic as well as anaerobic
      conditions.

PMID- 6432945
TI  - Pleiotropic effects of a butyrolactone-type autoregulator on mutants of
      Streptomyces griseus blocked in cytodifferentiation.
AB  - Mutants of Streptomyces griseus blocked in cytodifferentiation regained their
      capacity to form differentiated mycelia and/or anthracycline pigments in the
      presence of butyrolactone-type autoregulatory effectors such as trans-2-(6'
      methylheptanol-1'-yl)-3-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide+ ++. In the pertinent
      indicator strains, the effect has been correlated with the increase of lipid
      synthesis, with changes in the composition of lipid fraction and with the
      restoration of the production of neutral proteinases. The results suggest that
      autoregulatory butyrolactones from streptomycetes stimulate cytodifferentiation
      of their producers at an early stage of development.

PMID- 6432946
TI  - Bacillus subtilis 168 mutants resistant to arginine hydroxamate in the presence
      of ornithine or citrulline.
AB  - Mutations in Bacillus subtilis 168 have been isolated that confer resistance to
      arginine hydroxamate in the presence, but not absence, of ornithine. Seven such
      Ahor mutants have been studied in detail. In common with certain classes of Ahr
      mutant (resistant to arginine hydroxamate in the absence of arginine precursors)
      described previously, these Ahor mutants showed little or no inducibility of
      enzymes of arginine catabolism. Mutants that showed no inducibility were unable
      to utilize arginine or ornithine as sole nitrogen source. The only biosynthetic
      enzyme to show any consistent differences in activity from the parent was
      ornithine carbamoyltransferase, whose level was slightly elevated in cells grown
      in the presence of ornithine or citrulline. PBS1 transduction crosses showed that
      two of the ahor mutations map at the ahrA locus, while a third (unique in its
      resistance to arginine hydroxamate in the presence of citrulline) mapped at a
      hitherto undescribed locus closely linked to metC, designated ahrD.

PMID- 6432947
TI  - Identification of a new sporulation locus, spoIIIF, in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - We have isolated a mutant of Bacillus subtilis, strain 590, which is blocked at
      stage III of sporulation. The spo mutation which is carried by this strain is
      linked to pheA by transformation and defines a previously unidentified locus,
      spoIIIF. The spoIIIF locus is contiguous with the spoVB locus, in which a
      mutation causes a block at stage V of sporulation. We also give a detailed
      genetic map of the pheA region of the chromosome.

PMID- 6432948
TI  - Use of temperature-sensitive mutants to study gene expression of two closely
      linked sporulation loci in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The spoOB and spoIVF loci are contiguous on the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis,
      so that genes in these loci may be parts of a single polycistronic operon.
      Temperature-sensitive strains having mutations in these loci were isolated, and
      temperature-shift experiments were carried out to investigate expression of the
      genes. The temperature-sensitive periods of spoOB mutants extended from the
      beginning of sporulation until the end of the stage II. The temperature-sensitive
      periods of spoIVF strains were during stage IV of sporulation. Therefore,
      although the spoOB and spoIVF loci are contiguous on the chromosome it is
      unlikely that genes in them are parts of a single polycistronic operon.

PMID- 6432949
TI  - Alteration of pyocin-sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is associated
      with induced resistance to killing by human serum.
AB  - A laboratory-grown strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, selected in vivo, BS4 (agar),
      is susceptible to complement-mediated killing by fresh human serum but is
      relatively resistant to killing by human phagocytes. It can be induced to serum
      resistance by incubation with a small molecular weight fraction of guinea pig
      serum. The serum-susceptible and induced-resistant forms show differences in
      pyocin sensitivity tests. This indicates either differences in the structure of
      their lipopolysaccharides or masking of some determinant(s). The pyocin
      sensitivity pattern of BS4 (agar) is only slightly different from that of a
      closely related strain, BSSH, which is more susceptible to killing by human
      phagocytes.

PMID- 6432950
TI  - Gene amplification in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A strain of Bacillus subtilis that carries in its genome a staphylococcal
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (from pC194) responds to growth at
      different concentrations of chloramphenicol by an alteration in the number of
      copies per genome of the sequences encoding the gene. Growth at 20 micrograms
      chloramphenicol ml-1 results in a 15-fold amplification of the sequences, whereas
      growth in the absence of chloramphenicol results in their loss. The mechanism of
      in situ amplification probably has much in common with that involved in 'R factor
      transitioning'. The hybridization procedures that have been used for accurately
      determining the number of copies of the amplified DNA sequences are potentially
      useful for plasmid copy number determination. The findings reported here also
      provide a potentially useful alternative to more conventional cloning strategies
      that are based on autonomous plasmids in B. subtilis. The particular advantages
      that can be envisaged include enhanced stability of the cloned sequences and
      control of the number of copies that are present.

PMID- 6432951
TI  - The effect of oxygen on the growth and mannitol fermentation of Streptococcus
      mutants.
AB  - The effects of oxygen on growth and mannitol fermentation of eight strains of
      Streptococcus mutans were compared under aerobic and strictly anaerobic
      conditions. The growth of three strains was severely inhibited by oxygen, whereas
      the others were oxygen-tolerant. The growth of two of the oxygen-tolerant strains
      was significantly enhanced by oxygen. The activities of superoxide dismutase and
      NADH oxidase in extracts from aerobically grown bacteria showed a positive
      correlation with the growth rate under aerobic conditions. The activities of
      these enzymes in oxygen-sensitive strains grown aerobically were as small as
      those in anaerobically grown cultures. Moreover, the enzyme activities increased
      during aeration of anaerobically grown oxygen-tolerant strains, but not in oxygen
      sensitive strains. In all strains, oxygen changed mannitol catabolism from
      heterolactic to homolactic fermentation. It was concluded that oxygen-tolerance
      of S. mutans is dependent on the ability of strains to induce NADH oxidase and
      superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 6432952
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in a new obligate methanotroph, 'Methylosinus' strain 6.
AB  - A new obligate methanotroph was isolated and characterized. It was classified as
      a 'Methylosinus' species and named 'Methylosinus' sp. strain 6. Nitrogen
      metabolism in 'Methylosinus' 6 was found to be similar to other Type II
      methanotrophs, including the assimilation of nitrogen exclusively by the
      glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase system. However, unlike other Type II
      methanotrophs, it appeared that glutamine synthetase activity was regulated by
      adenylylation in this organism. 'Methylosinus' 6 was grown in continuous culture
      with either dinitrogen or nitrate as sole nitrogen source under various dissolved
      oxygen tensions. Higher rates of methane oxidation and a more developed
      intracytoplasmic membrane system were found at lower oxygen tensions with nitrate
      as the nitrogen source but at higher oxygen tensions with dinitrogen as the
      nitrogen source. This suggested that carbon metabolism was influenced by nitrogen
      metabolism in this organism.

PMID- 6432953
TI  - Identification of Bacillus strains using the API system.
AB  - A system is described for the rapid and accurate identification of Bacillus
      isolates using a matrix of results from tests in the API 20E and API 50CHB strips
      and from supplementary tests. API System tests have been shown to be more
      reproducible than the classical tests. A taxonomy based upon API tests is in good
      agreement with those obtained by other methods. The results matrix can also be
      used in computer assisted identification.

PMID- 6432954
TI  - Magnesium and the regulation of germ-tube formation in Candida albicans.
AB  - Candida albicans requires Mg2+ for germ-tube formation. Mg-deficient media, metal
      ion chelators and the ionophore A23187 inhibited germ-tube formation. Cell Mg
      content during exponential yeast-phase growth remained constant but increased
      throughout germ-tube formation. The onset of germ-tube formation coincided with a
      sharp peak in Mg concentration within the cells. Yeast-phase cells of strain CA2,
      which did not form germ-tubes, had a lower Mg content and failed to accumulate Mg
      when incubated under conditions for germ-tube formation. Mg also increased the
      uptake and incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine. These findings point to a
      central regulatory role for Mg in C. albicans morphogenesis.

PMID- 6432955
TI  - Effect of growth rate on streptomycin accumulation by Escherichia coli and
      Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - The rate of accumulation of streptomycin by streptomycin-sensitive strains of
      Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium, grown in chemostats, was related to the
      growth rate prior to addition of the antibiotic. For E. coli the length of the
      lag period that preceded accumulation was also growth rate-dependent. Thus faster
      growing cultures accumulated streptomycin more rapidly and with a shorter lag
      than slower growing cultures. The rate of efflux of streptomycin from bacteria
      that had accumulated streptomycin was not greatly influenced by growth rates of
      the cultures. At a particular growth rate, accumulation of streptomycin was found
      to be faster at higher concentrations of the antibiotic. Rapid accumulation of
      streptomycin was not observed with continuous cultures of a streptomycin
      resistant strain of E. coli. Accumulation of streptomycin was abolished when
      growth was inhibited by either terminating the flow of fresh medium to a
      chemostat or by adding inhibitors that block protein synthesis. These results
      suggest that the rate of accumulation of streptomycin is related to the
      concentration of streptomycin-sensitive ribosomes that are actively engaged in
      protein synthesis within the bacterial cells.

PMID- 6432956
TI  - Microthrix parvicella, a filamentous bacterium from activated sludge: growth on
      Tween 80 as carbon and energy source.
AB  - Microthrix parvicella, cultivated in a medium with Tween 80 and Casamino acids,
      utilized only the oleic acid moiety of Tween 80 as carbon and energy source. The
      cell yield from Tween 80 was about 0.32 g dry weight of cells per g of Tween 80
      consumed. As only the oleic acid moiety of Tween 80 was utilized, the cell yield
      from oleic acid was 1.3 g dry weight of cells per g oleic acid consumed. The
      amount of carbon produced as CO2 was less than 30% of the oleic acid-carbon and
      this low value was in agreement with the high cell yield. In batch culture M.
      parvicella stored large amounts of lipid material during the early growth phase.
      The fatty acids of the lipid globules were similar to the fatty acids supplied as
      carbon source. The percentage composition of the biomass changed to give C/N
      percentage ratios of about 15 during the early growth phase due to the high
      concentration of internal lipids and the low concentration of protein. The growth
      rate in batch culture was about 0.016 h-1 but was affected by the concentration
      of Casamino acids in the medium.

PMID- 6432957
TI  - Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a cluster of mutations in the spoVA
      locus of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Twenty-nine mutants blocked during stage V of sporulation have been isolated
      following directed mutagenesis of the lys-1 region of the Bacillus subtilis 168
      chromosome. All of a sample of eight mutants tested are unaffected in sporulation
      marker events up to stage IV but did not produce dipicolinic acid. They produced
      stable 'phase white' spores that were released from the mother cell, and were
      partially resistant to toluene and lysozyme but sensitive to chloroform and heat.
      Mutation spoV A89, known to be in the lys-1 region, showed similar phenotypic
      characteristics. Three-factor transformation crosses and recombination indices
      showed that the new mutations and spoV A89 lie in a single linkage group, which
      maps between lys-1 and another sporulation locus, spoIIA. The size of the spoV A
      locus is such that it probably contains several genes, and these may be
      contiguous with the cluster of genes included within the spoIIA locus.

PMID- 6432958
TI  - Reversible inhibition of bovine parvovirus DNA replication by aphidicolin and L
      canavanine.
AB  - The replication of the autonomous parvovirus, bovine parvovirus (BPV), has been
      studied in virus-infected cells. Gel electrophoresis was used to determine the
      effect of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, and L
      canavanine, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, on viral DNA replication.
      Synchronized cell cultures were infected with 32P-labelled or unlabelled BPV in
      the presence or absence of aphidicolin and L-canavanine. Cells were harvested at
      various times post-infection, and DNA was electrophoresed and blotted. When
      aphidicolin was added to cells at the time of infection, then removed 8 h later,
      BPV replicative form DNA (RF) synthesis began within 2 h after its removal. This
      preceded the peak of cellular DNA synthesis by 2 h, unlike an uninhibited
      infection, when viral RF synthesis follows the peak of S phase by 2 to 4 h.
      Furthermore, if aphidicolin was added at any point during the replication cycle,
      BPV DNA synthesis stopped. This effect was shown to be completely reversible and
      indicated that aphidicolin did not disrupt the replication apparatus required for
      viral DNA synthesis. L-Canavanine inhibited synthesis of the virus-specific
      proteins NP-1 and VP3 and synthesis of BPV DNA. Upon removal of L-canavanine,
      viral protein synthesis was detected by 30 min followed by viral DNA synthesis.
      These results indicate that a specific S phase function other than cellular DNA
      synthesis is required for initiation of BPV DNA synthesis, that DNA polymerase
      alpha plays a major role in BPV DNA replication in vivo, and that these
      inhibitors can be used to inhibit reversibly various stages of BPV DNA
      replication.

PMID- 6432959
TI  - Evidence for sequence heterogeneity among the double-stranded RNA segments of
      Penicillium chrysogenum mycovirus.
AB  - We have examined the dsRNA segments of the multipartite virus from Penicillium
      chrysogenum (ATCC 9480). A fourth RNA segment has been detected recently and, in
      the present work, we separated the four RNA segments and looked for possible
      homologies among them by thermal denaturation and electron microscopical
      heteroduplex studies. Differences were found between the differential melting
      profiles of the separated RNA segments, and no extensive regions of homology were
      detected among the various RNA segments by heteroduplex analyses. The results
      suggest that each RNA segment contains unique sequences. A comparison of the
      lengths of the RNA segments determined by electron microscopy with those
      determined by gel electrophoresis suggests that one of the segments has a
      distinct tertiary structure.

PMID- 6432960
TI  - A thiol oxidation interpretation of the Cu2+ effects on rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - A comparative study of the Cu2+ effects, binding and reduction, has been
      performed on rat liver mitochondria. In the first minutes, Cu2+ (less than or
      equal to 50 micron) is massively bound and reduced to the extent of 70%-80% while
      a simultaneous activation of respiration takes place. Then the remaining 20% or
      so of Cu2+ are progressively bound and reduced while respiratory inhibition, Ca2+
      and Mg2+ effluxes, and swelling are observed. EDTA, used as a copper chelator,
      prevents or reduces the copper effects and removes part of the bound copper,
      according to the time of introduction in the incubation medium after Cu2+. The
      results suggest that the two steps of the copper binding and the effects
      following involve mainly first the outer (cytosol side) proteins of the inner
      membrane and then those of the inner membrane. 100 microM dithiothreitol and 100
      microM glutathione used as antioxidant thiol reagents prevent, as does EDTA, but
      do not reverse the 25 microM copper effects. They also decrease the copper
      binding; however, no relationship between binding and preventive action is
      observed. It is shown that glutathione and dithiothreitol have a specific potent
      ability to reduce Cu2+, which explains that in presence of these reagents copper
      may react with mitochondria partly or entirely in the form of Cu+. These findings
      suggest that Cu2+ in its Cu+ form has no mitochondrial effect. A mechanism of
      copper action involving oxidation of some membrane thiol groups is discussed.

PMID- 6432961
TI  - Presence of phospholipid-N-methyltransferases and base-exchange enzymes in rat
      central nervous system axolemma-enriched fractions.
AB  - Rat CNS myelinated axons were fractionated by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation with a zonal rotor. Fraction VI, obtained at 28-30% sucrose,
      appeared, on the basis of the presence of related marker enzymes, to be enriched
      in axolemma. Phospholipid-N-methyltransferases (PMTs) and base-exchange enzymes
      were associated with fraction VI. PMT activity was significantly stimulated by
      the addition of either phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine or
      phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine but the PMT activity of the homogenate or the
      myelinated axons was unresponsive. Recoveries of the ethanolamine, serine, and
      choline base-exchange activities were 14.4%, 13.8%, and 3.4%, respectively, of
      that present in the myelinated axons. The myelin-rich fraction obtained
      simultaneously seems contaminated with other membrane fractions.

PMID- 6432962
TI  - Neurofilament proteins in cultured chromaffin cells.
AB  - Antibodies were raised against the 200-kd, 145-kd, and 68-kd subunits of a rat
      neurofilament preparation. Immunoblots showed that each antibody was specific for
      its antigen and that it did not cross-react with any of the two other
      neurofilament polypeptides. Use of the three antibody preparations to stain
      bovine chromaffin cells in culture by the indirect immunofluorescence technique
      indicated that the three neurofilament polypeptides are present in chromaffin
      cells maintained in culture for 3 or 7 days. The three anti-neurofilament
      antibodies labelled the cells in a similar pattern: very thin filaments
      specifically localized around the nucleus were observed whereas neurites and
      growth cones, developed by cultured chromaffin cells, were generally not stained.
      Some fibroblasts were present in our cultures but they were never stained by any
      of the neurofilament antibodies. This indicated that the antibodies used do not
      react with vimentin, the major intermediate filament protein found in
      fibroblasts. The three neurofilament antibodies were also used to
      immunoprecipitate specifically three proteins of molecular weights 210 kd, 160
      kd, 70 kd from solubilized extracts of cultured chromaffin cells that were
      radiolabelled with [35S]methionine. These proteins correspond in molecular weight
      to the neurofilament triplet found in bovine brain. Finally, the presence of
      neurofilaments in freshly isolated chromaffin cells was tested by immunoblotting
      using the 68-kd antibody. A 70-kd protein was specifically stained by this
      antibody, suggesting that neurofilaments are not only present in cultured
      chromaffin cells but also in the adrenal gland in vivo. It is concluded from
      these results that chromaffin cells contain completely assembled neurofilaments.
      This additional neuronal property again illustrates that chromaffin cells are
      closely related to neurons and therefore represent an attractive model system for
      the study of functional aspects of adrenergic neurons.

PMID- 6432963
TI  - Evidence that the neurotrophic actions of alpha-MSH may derive from its ability
      to mimick the actions of a peptide formed in degenerating nerve stumps.
AB  - The ability of alpha-MSH to facilitate the recovery of sensorimotor nerve
      function following crush lesion is restricted to a critical period following such
      a lesion. This period coincided with the initiation of sprouting and the
      disappearance of the 150 kD neurofilament protein from the degenerating distal
      stump of the nerve. Degenerating nerve contains a factor that is active in a
      bioassay system for MSH. This factor could not be detected in control nerves. The
      hypothesis is forwarded that a neurotrophic factor known to be present in
      degenerating nerve stumps is an alpha-MSH-like peptide formed by the breakdown of
      the 150 kD neurofilament protein.

PMID- 6432964
TI  - The vasculature of experimental brain tumours. Part 4. The quantification of
      vascular permeability.
AB  - In order to quantify changes in vessel permeability seen previously in
      experimental astrocytomas produced in rats by an intracerebral injection of
      cultured neoplastic glial cells, the flux of mannitol across the vascular
      endothelium from the blood into the normal brain or tumour tissue was measured
      using a specially devised technique by which a steady level of radioactively
      labelled mannitol can be achieved rapidly and maintained in the bloodstream. This
      is done by a continuous injection given at a rate which is adjusted by a
      predetermined programme so as to replace the tracer at the rate at which it has
      been found to leave the circulation in previous experiments. In separate
      experiments on both tumour-bearing and control rats steady levels of the tracer
      were maintained in the circulation for progressively longer times of up to 30
      min. The kinetic parameters of the process gave estimates for the apparent
      transfer constant of mannitol across the vascular endothelium and of the size of
      the extravascular extracellular mannitol space in the tumours. The apparent
      transfer constant for the movement of mannitol across the blood-brain barrier was
      increased more than a hundred-fold in the region of the tumour compared to the
      values for the brain of control rats or that of tumour-bearing rats remote from
      the tumour site. The extracellular extravascular space within the tumour was
      estimated to be 22%, somewhat larger than accepted normal values.

PMID- 6432965
TI  - Clinical observation: ocular abnormalities in a patient with Pfeiffer syndrome
      (acrocephalosyndactyly, type V).

PMID- 6432966
TI  - Craniofacial and CNS anomalies with body asymmetry, severe retardation, and other
      malformations.

PMID- 6432967
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intraventricular administration.
AB  - The widespread use of neurosurgical devices for intraventricular drug delivery
      has led to an escalation in the number of CSF pharmacokinetic studies. When
      experimental data for ventricular CSF concentration vs. time are normalized for
      dose and plotted for drugs with a wide range of physical properties, there is a
      remarkably narrow range. Simulations from a distributed model for the central
      nervous system suggest that the narrow range of observed CSF half-times following
      bolus administration is a consequence of physiologic limits upon rate of drug
      removal from CSF. Whereas bulk flow of CSF establishes minimum rate of drug
      washout, diffusion through brain tissue and subsequent removal by capillaries
      establishes a maximum rate of drug egress which is only seven times the minimum
      rate. Predictions of CSF concentration vs. time can be made based upon the
      capillary exchange rate for a particular drug, which could be estimated or
      calculated from CSF concentration measurements following systemic administration.
      Simulations are also presented of steady-state CSF concentrations during
      continuous ventricular infusions.

PMID- 6432968
TI  - Anesthetic management for supratentorial tumor surgery.
AB  - The principles of the perioperative anesthetic management of patients with
      supratentorial tumors are reviewed. Emphasis is placed upon intracranial pressure
      (ICP) dynamics and the multiple causes of intracranial hypertension which may
      occur during the perioperative period. The author describes his experiences using
      routine ICP monitoring in these cases, arguing that this may help both the
      neurosurgeon and the neuroanesthetist to avoid many of the pitfalls currently
      associated with the perioperative care of these patients.

PMID- 6432969
TI  - Human central nervous system pharmacology of pentamethylmelamine and its
      metabolites.
AB  - Pentamethylmelamine (PMM) 80 mg/m2 was administered I.V. to 8 patients during
      surgical resection of intracerebral tumors. PMM concentrations in tumors were
      generally much higher than concurrent plasma concentrations, ranging from
      undetectable (less than .01 micrograms/g) to as high as 4.47 micrograms/g and
      were much higher in malignant melanoma samples than in astrocytoma samples. PMM
      was barely detectable or undetectable in most samples of edematous brain tissue
      adjacent to intracerebral tumor and in temporalis muscle. The PMM metabolites
      tetramethylmelamine (TeMM), trimethylmelamine (TrMM), and dimethylmelamine (DMM)
      were each detectable in tumor samples from one or two patients.
      Monomethylmelamine (MMM) was present in tumor samples from all except one
      patient. MMM was noted in samples of edematous brain tissue adjacent to tumor
      from 4 of 8 patients. It was the only PMM metabolite found in brain. TrMM, DMM,
      and MMM but not PMM, and TeMM were found in tumor cyst fluid from a patient with
      an intracerebral malignant melanoma. Two patients receiving therapeutic doses of
      PMM had biopsies taken of subcutaneous malignant melanoma deposits. PMM was
      undetectable in samples from one patient but reached high concentrations in the
      other patient. In both patients, MMM was the major metabolite. There was no
      indication that PMM penetrated into extracerebral tumors more readily than into
      intracerebral tumors Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from one
      patient without neurological toxicity who received low doses of PMM and from 4
      patients receiving high doses of PMM who had developed neurological
      toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6432970
TI  - Cellular mechanisms for modulation of posture by octopamine and serotonin in the
      lobster.
AB  - Injection of the monoamines octopamine and serotonin into the hemolymph of
      lobsters causes them to assume opposing static postures: octopamine causes a
      tonic extension of all extremities, while serotonin induces a tonic flexion.
      These amines have been shown previously to act as circulating neurohormones and
      to cause contraction of isolated exoskeletal muscles. The opposing postures
      elicited by amine injection do not appear to arise from peripheral actions,
      however, since serotonin and octopamine have similar effects on both flexor and
      extensor muscles. Instead, the amines are present within the central nervous
      system where they are probably released synaptically to activate coordinated
      patterns of tonic motor activity generating the observed postures. These motor
      patterns have been recorded from abdominal ganglia and involve the synchronized
      activation and inhibition of multiple excitatory and inhibitory motoneurons
      innervating the postural flexor and extensor muscles. These effects can be
      observed in an isolated abdominal ganglion. To begin a search for the cellular
      targets of amine action within the central nervous system, we recorded from
      identified postural motoneurons in abdominal ganglia. In two motoneurons that act
      to produce postural extension, octopamine reduced and serotonin raised the
      apparent threshold for action potential generation recorded in the somata. The
      amines do not significantly affect the resting potential or input resistance of
      the motoneurons measured in the cell bodies. Although the amine effect on
      motoneuron excitability could be due to actions directly on the motoneurons, our
      evidence suggests that at least part of the effect results from activation or
      inhibition of premotor interneurons: (1) an increase in EPSP frequency is
      observed in the motoneurons during octopamine superfusion, while a small decrease
      is observed during serotonin superfusion; (2) the amine effects on action
      potential threshold are abolished by cobalt ion. These results suggest that
      octopamine and serotonin have dual effects on posture: within the central nervous
      system, they act specifically to generate coordinated motor patterns for flexion
      or extension; as circulating neurohormones, they act nonspecifically to enhance
      the responses of exoskeletal muscles to motoneuronal activation.

PMID- 6432971
TI  - Initial expression of neurofilaments and vimentin in the central and peripheral
      nervous system of the mouse embryo in vivo.
AB  - The appearance of neurofilaments (NFs) and vimentin (Vim) in the nervous system
      of the mouse embryo was documented using immunohistochemical techniques. The
      three NF protein subunits appear early and simultaneously in central and
      peripheral neurons at 9 to 10 days of gestation. The onset of NF expression is
      concomitant with axon elongation and correlates extremely well with
      neurofibrillar differentiation and, in the case of autonomic ganglia, with the
      expression of adrenergic neurotransmitter properties. In the central and
      peripheral nervous system, NF expression is preceded by that of Vim, and both
      types of intermediate filaments coexist within the same cell for a short period
      of time.

PMID- 6432972
TI  - Effect of mannitol on ICP and CBF and correlation with pressure autoregulation in
      severely head-injured patients.
AB  - In a previous paper, the authors showed that mannitol causes cerebral
      vasoconstriction in response to blood viscosity decreases in cats. The present
      paper describes the changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood
      flow (CBF) after mannitol administration in a group of severely head-injured
      patients with intact or defective autoregulation. The xenon-133 inhalation method
      was used to measure CBF. Autoregulation was tested by slowly increasing or
      decreasing the blood pressure by 30% and measuring CBF again. Mannitol was
      administered intravenously in a dose of 0.66 gm/kg; 25 minutes later, CBF and ICP
      were measured once again. In the group with intact autoregulation, mannitol had
      decreased ICP by 27.2%, but CBF remained unchanged. In the group with defective
      autoregulation, ICP had decreased by only 4.7%, but CBF increased 17.9%. One of
      the possible explanations for these findings is based on strong indications that
      autoregulation is mediated through alterations in the level of adenosine in
      response to oxygen availability changes in cerebral tissue. The decrease in blood
      viscosity after mannitol administration leads to an improved oxygen transport to
      the brain. When autoregulation is intact, more oxygen leads to decreased
      adenosine levels, resulting in vasoconstriction. The decrease in resistance to
      flow from the decreased blood viscosity is balanced by increased resistance from
      vasoconstriction, so that CBF remains the same. This might be called blood
      viscosity autoregulation of CBF, analogous to pressure autoregulation.
      Vasoconstriction also reduces cerebral blood volume, which enhances the effect of
      mannitol on ICP through dehydration of the brain. When autoregulation is not
      intact there is no vasoconstriction in response to increased oxygen availability;
      thus, CBF increases with decreased viscosity. With the lack of vasoconstriction,
      the effect on ICP through dehydration is not enhanced, so that the resulting
      decrease in ICP is much smaller. Such a mechanism explains why osmotic agents do
      not change CBF but decrease ICP in normal animals or patients with intact
      vasoconstriction, but do (temporarily) increase CBF in the absence of major ICP
      changes after stroke.

PMID- 6432973
TI  - Staff counseling specialist. Responding sensitively to workers.
AB  - Due to changes in the health care environment that have expanded their role,
      nurse administrators have less opportunity to respond adequately to employee
      concerns. The position of staff counseling specialist was designed to assist
      nurse administrators at the University of Minnesota Hospitals and Clinics meet
      the increased demands of their staff. The staff counseling specialist provides a
      means of narrowing the gap between the staff and nurse executives by addressing
      employee concerns such as inadequate leadership, communication breakdown,
      dissonant physician-nurse relations, and other matters adversely affecting the
      work climate.

PMID- 6432974
TI  - Parenteral feeding at two hypocaloric levels for comparison of glucose-glycerol
      mixture with the monoglyceride of acetoacetate on urinary nitrogen losses of the
      rat.
AB  - The monoglyceride of acetoacetate (monoacetoacetin) is a synthetic compound that
      might serve to reduce the glucose contribution to nonprotein energy in total
      parenteral nutrition provided it is an effective nutritional source. This study
      compared monoacetoacetin and glucose-glycerol mixtures as energy in hypocaloric,
      parenteral feeding of the rat. Four groups of rats were infused with
      approximately 425 mg N/day along with 11 or 21 kcal/day supplied either by
      monoacetoacetin or the glucose-glycerol mixture. Body weight and urinary nitrogen
      were followed for 7 days, and leucine kinetics was measured on day 7. At 11 or 21
      kcal/day, rats infused with the monoacetoacetin or the glucose-glycerol mixture
      had similar body weight losses, urinary nitrogen losses, leucine flux and leucine
      oxidation rates. When rats receiving the same energy substrate at 11 or 21
      kcal/day were compared, the rats receiving the 21 kcal/day by vein lost less body
      weight and less urinary nitrogen and had a smaller leucine flux. The leucine
      oxidation rate was unchanged. These data demonstrate that alterations in nitrogen
      parameters are dependent on the quantity of energy but are independent of the
      source of energy when monoacetoacetin and glucose-glycerol mixtures are compared.
      Monoacetoacetin interacts with nitrogen metabolism in healthy rats as effectively
      a glucose-glycerol mixtures at the hypocaloric levels studied.

PMID- 6432975
TI  - Metabolic rate and thyroid status in rats fed diets of different protein-energy
      value: the importance of free T3.
AB  - Oxygen consumption and thyroid hormone status have been investigated in relation
      to dietary protein and energy intake in young growing rats fed a control diet of
      18% protein as well as diets containing 9 and 4.5% protein fed ad libitum and an
      18% protein diet fed at a restricted intake for up to 14 days. Measurements of
      growth rate, food intake and oxygen consumption indicated that the rats fed a
      4.5% protein diet ad libitum and those fed restricted amounts of an 18% protein
      diet have behaved similarly with severely arrested growth and reduced rates of
      oxygen consumption and food intake. However, the rats fed the 9% protein diet ad
      libitum differed from the control group only in terms of a reduced growth rate.
      Among all the rats thyroid hormone status was associated with the metabolic rate
      only in the case of the concentration of free L-3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3),
      which was reduced in the groups fed 4.5% protein and 18% protein (restricted).
      Total T3 was actually increased in the rats fed 9% and 4.5% protein and unchanged
      in the restricted group. These differences in the concentrations of free and
      total T3 appeared to reflect the fact that the binding capacity for T3 increased
      with decreasing levels of dietary protein. It is concluded therefore that
      measurement of free rather than total T3 is the appropriate index of
      physiological thyroid status in protein-energy malnutrition, at least in the rat.

PMID- 6432976
TI  - Effects of dietary lipid saturation on prolactin secretion, carcinogen metabolism
      and mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - Isoenergetic diets containing 20% corn oil, 20% beef tallow, or an equal mixture
      of 10% corn oil and 10% beef tallow (mixed fat) were fed to 30 rats per diet for
      28 weeks following weaning. DMBA [7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene] was
      administered (1.75 mg/100 g body weight) in a single oral dose after 4 weeks of
      feeding. After 28 weeks, 70% of the rats fed corn oil had mammary tumors versus
      47% for mixed fat and 30% for tallow. Diet had no effect on the number of tumors
      per tumor-bearing rat or the proportion of tumors that were adenocarcinomas.
      Other rats assigned to each of the three diets were killed at the time
      corresponding to DMBA administration for examination of hepatic mixed-function
      oxidase activity. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity and cytochrome P-450
      content were higher in rats fed corn oil or mixed fat rather than tallow.
      However, no significant differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, glutathione
      transferase, and uridine-diphosphoglucuronide transferase activities were
      observed. The effects of dietary fat saturation on enzyme activity failed to show
      a clear association with DMBA carcinogenesis. In other rats assigned to the three
      dietary treatments for 4 or 16 weeks, lipid saturation did not change serum
      prolactin (PRL) concentrations during diestrus or proestrus. PRL secretion was
      examined following a provocative stimulus (perphenazine) in rats fed the
      experimental diets for 4 or 10-22 weeks. Although perphenazine increased serum
      PRL and depleted the pituitary of PRL, differences in dietary lipid saturation
      caused no significant changes in these indices. These data show that the
      incidence of mammary tumors in rats fed high fat diets (20% by weight) was
      greater in those fed corn oil compared to beef tallow. The effect of dietary
      lipid source on tumorigenesis was not associated with changes in carcinogen
      metabolizing enzyme activity or PRL secretion.

PMID- 6432977
TI  - In vitro activity of netilmicin.

PMID- 6432978
TI  - Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Available data in United States on morbidity, mortality and survival is reviewed
      and trends discussed. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a small problem in
      numerical terms, but is a highly lethal disease. The diagnosis is not difficult
      for the competent pathologist but problems arise in the diagnosis and prognosis
      of potentially malignant conditions. Our understanding of the behavior of
      dysplastic lesions is limited and any attempts to determine individuals "at risk"
      should be encouraged.

PMID- 6432979
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: ultrastructural and histogenetic aspects.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (4 from parotid
      salivary gland and 2 from lung) was used to investigate tumor cell types, their
      interrelationship, histogenetic aspects and factors involved in the multiplicity
      of histological patterns in this tumor. On the basis of light-microscopic
      cellular features, mucoepidermoid carcinomas are generally thought to be formed
      by 3 principal cell types, mucinous, squamous and intermediate. However, low
      magnification electron micrographs reveal that there are 2 basic tumor-cell types
      interpreted as modified luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Both cell
      types may independently show a range of fine structural modification and
      organizational arrangement. Luminal epithelial cells have varying degrees of
      mucin production and lumen formation in some regions, while modification of these
      cells is one mechanism for squamoid and frankly squamous appearances in other
      areas. Preferential proliferation of the second type of tumor cell aligned on the
      outer aspect of luminal epithelial cells is responsible for the development of
      isomorphic regions composed of intermediate cells. Squamous metaplasia can also
      occur in relationship to these latter cells. Based on these observations and
      recent ultrastructural and histochemical studies of salivary gland tumors, it is
      suggested that, in addition to the excretory duct, neoplastically altered cells
      in the acinar-intercalated duct region must be considered as a potential source
      for the development of mucoepidermoid carcinomas.

PMID- 6432980
TI  - Dental abnormalities in aging sand rats (Psammomys obesus).
AB  - Sand rats transferred from their natural environment to laboratory conditions
      develop diabetes, cataracts, vertebral lesions, liver tumors, malocclusion and
      gingival inflammation. In the present study 43 sand rats of different ages were
      randomly chosen from a colony maintained for 13 years in the laboratory.
      Macroscopical, microscopical and radiographical examinations of the dental
      apparatus showed marked abnormalities in animals older than 6 months. The
      incisors were affected more than molars with an asymmetry between the right and
      left side of the jaw. Pathological alterations in the incisors included
      variations in length and curvature, lateral inclination, coronal fractures and
      pulpal calcifications. The enamel on the buccal aspect of these teeth had a
      scalloped appearance with corresponding metaplastic changes and folding of the
      ameloblastic layer. Coronal fractures were also found in molar teeth and were
      accompanied by marked hypercementosis. These changes are consistent with those
      reported in rodents with induced hormonal imbalance and may be associated with
      the diabetic state of aging sand rats. These gerbils are suggested as a model for
      studying the role of age-related disorders in the pathogenesis of certain dental
      abnormalities.

PMID- 6432981
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the mandible: diagnosis as aided by immunohistochemical
      demonstration of desmin and laminin.
AB  - A mandibular spindle-cell sarcoma originally diagnosed as malignant fibrous
      histiocytoma displayed a whorl-like histological structure and cellular
      pleomorphism. By electron microscopy the tumor cells showed prominent basal
      laminae around the tumor cells and bundles of myofilaments with attachment
      plaques. In support of the ultrastructural observations, immunofluorescence (IF)
      microscopy with antibodies to laminin, the major component of basal lamina, gave
      a bright pericellular staining of the tumor cells. IF microscopy using antibodies
      against intermediate filament (IMF) proteins revealed the presence of desmin, the
      muscle-type of IMF protein, in most tumor cells. On the other hand, staining for
      myoglobin was negative. The data are consistent with the diagnosis of
      leiomyosarcoma rather than malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and suggest that
      expression of desmin and laminin can be useful markers of smooth-muscle
      derivation of sarcomatous tumors.

PMID- 6432982
TI  - Effects of 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on oral epithelium in vitro.
AB  - TPA, a tumor promotor whose initial site of action is the cell membrane, was
      examined for its actions on hamster oral mucosa using light and scanning electron
      microscopic procedures. Hamster cheek-pouch explants were cultured in vitro, then
      treated for 72 h with 1.6 X 10(-8) M TPA. Treated cultures showed a higher
      mitotic index and more extensive growth than control cultures. Epithelial cells
      in the control cultures appeared polygonal, with thin, small to medium
      microvilli. The cells in the treated cultures showed variable shape and surface
      morphology. Some were interconnected by broad cytoplasmic extensions while others
      demonstrated long, thin processes that traversed great distances. The unusual
      surface morphology may be a manifestation of altered phospholipid metabolism that
      produces a more "fluid" cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6432983
TI  - The oral carriage of yeasts and coliforms in patients on cytotoxic therapy.
AB  - The oral carriage of yeasts and coliforms in a healthy adult population and a
      group of patients with malignancies, undergoing cytotoxic therapy was
      investigated. A quantitative increase in the intra-oral carriage of Candida
      species and coliforms was observed during cytotoxic therapy. The most frequent
      yeast and the coliform isolated were Candida albicans and Escherichia coli,
      respectively. Thus, the oral cavity may constitute a reservoir of potentially
      pathogenic flora in patients on cytotoxic therapy.

PMID- 6432984
TI  - Fatty-acid metabolism in oral mucosal epithelium of the hamster.
AB  - Little is known about the role of lipid metabolism in oral mucosal epithelia,
      although lipids probably play significant roles in the barrier function and in
      the production of energy for the various epithelial biosynthetic activities. The
      metabolic fate of exogenously added 14C-labelled oleic acid in pure epithelial
      sheets from hamster cheek-pouch has been investigated. Significant amounts of the
      label from the fatty acid were found in phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and
      triglyceride fractions. Lesser amounts were found in cholesterol, cholesterol
      ester, ceramide and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Estimations of the amount of ATP
      produced by both glycolysis and by fatty-acid beta-oxidation indicated that the 2
      activities were essentially equal, which is in contrast to that reported for the
      epidermis. The results suggest that the oral mucosal epithelium, like the
      epidermis, is an active lipid-metabolizing tissue.

PMID- 6432985
TI  - Altered H-antigen reactivity as an early indicator of malignant transformation in
      oral epithelium.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether or not the blood group H-antigen
      reactivity of oral epithelium has value in predicting malignant transformation.
      Tissue from 3 groups of patients was studied retrospectively, using an
      immunoperoxidase technique. Two biopsy specimens from each patient, obtained at
      different times but from the same site, were examined for the presence of H
      antigen. Group I consisted of 16 patients in which the initial biopsy was
      histologically benign, but the subsequent biopsy revealed epidermoid carcinoma.
      The initial biopsies in Groups II (17 patients) and III (17 patients) revealed
      epithelial dysplasia. Whereas the subsequent biopsy in Group II revealed
      carcinoma, the subsequent biopsy in Group III remained non-invasive. Normal
      epithelium from 64 patients was also studied. The results showed that in normal
      epithelium, H-antigen-negative cells are rarely seen, but 81% of the initial
      benign specimens of Group I showed antigen-negative areas. Therefore, it was
      concluded that altered H-antigen reactivity in histologically benign epithelium
      may serve to predict eventual malignant transformation, and that immunologic
      dedifferentiation precedes histologic dedifferentiation. A comparison between the
      initial biopsy specimens of Groups II and III yielded nearly identical results
      and showed that it was not possible, on the basis of the H-antigen reactivity, to
      predict which dysplastic lesions would progress to epidermoid carcinoma.

PMID- 6432986
TI  - Histochemical studies on Concanavalin A-binding in experimental carcinoma of the
      mouse submandibular gland.
AB  - The lectin, Concanavalin A(Con A) has been used to localize specific sugar
      residues (D-glucose, D-mannose and D-fructose) in premalignant lesions and
      squamous-cell carcinomas induced following cryosurgery of the mouse submandibular
      gland. The original Con A-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique as well as its
      combination with periodate oxidation and subsequent reduction by borohydrate were
      used to compare the epithelial elements during submandibular gland
      carcinogenesis. Granules in the granular convoluted tubule cells which were
      weakly reactive to the Con A-HRP method were not present in the premalignant duct
      like structures. The epithelium of premalignant lesions, duct-like structures,
      multicystic lesions, and squamous-cell carcinomas were positive for the cell
      surface and intercellular substances; and basement membranes and stromal fibers
      were also positive. The results indicated that throughout malignant
      transformation of the ductal segments, premalignant epithelia lost Con A-HRP
      staining granules and that Con A-binding patterns in induced squamous-cell
      carcinomas were similar to those found in squamous-cell epithelium.

PMID- 6432987
TI  - Adenolymphoma: an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies against
      lymphocyte antigens.
AB  - Twenty-two adenolymphomas (Warthin's tumours) were investigated with respect to
      their lymphoid stroma; 4 were analyzed by monoclonal antibodies against B-cells
      and T-cells. A slight predominance of B-cells was found. In the T-cell fraction,
      the T-helper cells outnumbered the T-suppressor cells by a factor of 4. These and
      other cell types were found in the stroma and in the epithelium. Mast cells were
      associated with those adenolymphomas having a high proportion of epithelium.

PMID- 6432988
TI  - Ultrastructural and histochemical studies of granular-cell ameloblastoma.
AB  - Four cases of granular-cell ameloblastoma were studied by light and electron
      microscopy, histochemistry and electron enzyme histochemistry. Microscopically,
      granular cells commonly occurred in a follicular pattern, but, in one case, they
      were in a plexiform pattern. The high activity of acid phosphatase and electron
      microscopic features revealed that the cytoplasmic granularity was ascribed to
      the high content of lysosomes. It was speculated that granular-cell ameloblastoma
      occurs due to the altered dysfunction of tumor cells, and the age factor is
      related to the pathogenesis of this tumor.

PMID- 6432989
TI  - Estimation of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in newborn infants using
      skin surface blood gas electrodes.
AB  - Using only skin surface blood gas measurements, we calculated the ventilatory
      response to inhaled carbon dioxide from changes in skin surface PCO2 (PSCO2).
      This new method is based on the fact that if CO2 elimination is nearly constant,
      the change in alveolar ventilation from one steady state level to another is
      inversely proportional to the change in PSCO2. From this we derived a ventilatory
      ratio (VR) for 0%, 2%, and 4% CO2 breathing. A ventilatory response slope is then
      calculated from the three VR values, and is similar to a standard CO2 response
      slope. We serially studied 20 infants (28 to 40 weeks gestation) 2 to 9 weeks of
      age. Ten infants had serious apnea, ten did not. The infants breathed each test
      gas for 8 to 10 minutes during quiet sleep with skin surface electrodes attached.
      Infants with apnea were studied before and after apneic spells resolved. We found
      that apneic infants had a significantly reduced VR slope compared with that in
      the nonapneic infants, regardless of age. When apnea disappeared, the ventilatory
      ratio slope always increased into the range measured in nonapneic infants. In
      nonapneic infants the ventilatory ratio slope significantly increased with
      postnatal age. We conclude that infants with serious apnea have a reduced
      ventilatory response to CO2 and that the resolution of apnea is associated with
      the development of a normal CO2 response.

PMID- 6432990
TI  - Efficacy and neurologic outcome of profound hypocapneic alkalosis for the
      treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in infancy.
AB  - Twenty-three newborn infants with severe bilateral pulmonary disease and
      persistent pulmonary hypertension received mechanical ventilation to pH greater
      than 7.55 and PaCO2 less than 25 torr. Response, as defined by attainment of a
      PaO2 greater than 100 torr, occurred in 87% of patients. Analysis of sequential
      arterial pH determinations revealed a linear increase in the number of infants
      responding as arterial pH increased. However, individual patients varied greatly
      in the optimal pH necessary to correct hypoxemia (range pH 7.50 to 7.75). Sixteen
      patients who had received mechanical hyperventilation were observed for 11.1 +/-
      2.3 months. Virtually all had normal growth and development on follow-up physical
      and neurologic examinations, often despite profound or prolonged alkalosis and
      hypocarbia. In 11 infants at a corrected gestational age of 1 year, Bayley Scales
      of Infant Development revealed normal mental developmental indices (mean 106.2 +/
      15.4) and normal, but significantly lower, psychomotor developmental indices
      (93.2 +/- 11.7) (P less than 0.005). Although response and short-term outcome of
      neonatal hyperventilation appear favorable, this technique should be reserved for
      critically ill infants, because its long-term effects on the central nervous
      system are unknown.

PMID- 6432991
TI  - Increased risk of primary hypothyroidism in preterm infants.
AB  - Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free
      T4, thyroxine-binding globulin, reverse T3, and the TSH secretory areas and peak
      T3 after intravenous injection of 40 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      were determined weekly from day 5 to 6 to 11 weeks of age in 42 unselected full
      term and 61 preterm Belgian infants. The results on day 5 indicated a progressive
      deficit of thyroid function related to the degree of prematurity. In 92 infants
      this deficit progressively decreased with age and disappeared at 5 to 7 weeks.
      However, 11 infants developed biochemical evidence of overt but transient
      hypothyroidism. Belgian neonates are relatively iodine deficient, and this factor
      affects the constitution of iodine stores within the thyroid gland: (1) the
      urinary concentrations of iodine in the 103 infants studied in Belgium were
      markedly lower than in 30 infants from California; and (2) The iodine
      concentration of the thyroid gland in preterm infants who died during the 10
      first days of life was almost three times lower in Brussels than in Toronto. The
      results indicate that, in Belgium, the effects of relative iodine deficiency on
      thyroid function are superimposed on and mask the physiologic state of tertiary
      hypothyroidism in prematurity.

PMID- 6432992
TI  - Allergen concentration in Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda).

PMID- 6432993
TI  - [In vitro liberation of nitroglycerin from percutaneous galenical formulations.
      II].

PMID- 6432994
TI  - Effects on gastric acid secretion of a steroidal alkaloid, epipachysamine-A,
      extracted from Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc.
AB  - Effect of a steroidal alkaloid, epipachysamine-A, extracted from Pachysandra
      terminalis Sieb. et Zucc. on gastric acid secretion was studied in rats.
      Epipachysamine-A prevented 2-deoxy-D-glucose- or thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      stimulated gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats. However, the compound did
      not influence bethanechol- or electrical vagal stimulation-induced gastric acid
      secretion. These results suggest that the effect of epipachysamine-A is due to
      the influence on the central nervous regulatory mechanism in the gastric acid
      secretion.

PMID- 6432995
TI  - Nursing aspects of dialyzer reuse.

PMID- 6432996
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin after parenteral and oral dosing in the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin was characterized in detail using venous
      plasma after different intravenous bolus doses (0.15-2.48 mg/kg), intra-arterial
      infusion (8.2 micrograms/min over 5 h), and oral doses (7-100 mg/kg). Venous
      plasma clearance was found to be approximately 650 mL/kg and was independent of
      the intravenous or intra-arterial dose. This confirmed earlier reports that the
      venous plasma clearance of nitroglycerin in rats exceeded the value of normal
      cardiac output. A terminal half-life of approximately 15 min was observed after
      high intravenous bolus doses of nitroglycerin. This slow disappearance phase was
      likely rate limited by redistribution of drug back into the plasma. The
      bioavailability of oral nitroglycerin (F) showed an apparent Michaelis-Menten
      dependency on dose. F was less than 5% at doses less than 20 mg/kg, but increased
      to a plateau of approximately 20% from 50-100 mg/kg. First-pass metabolism of
      nitroglycerin is thus apparently controlled by at least two systems (sites or
      enzymes). Coadministration of mannitol hexanitrate, a potential competitive
      inhibitor of first-pass metabolism, did not increase F.

PMID- 6432997
TI  - Determination of picogram nitroglycerin plasma concentrations using capillary gas
      chromatography with on-column injection.
AB  - A specific, sensitive, and precise capillary gas chromatographic (GC) assay
      capable of analyzing picogram concentrations of nitroglycerin in human plasma was
      developed. The analytical procedure involves a double extraction of 1 mL of
      plasma with pentane, after the addition of internal standard (1 ng of 2,6
      dinitrotoluene), followed by evaporation and reconstitution in 50 microL of
      heptane. The extract (1 microL) was injected onto a capillary column using the on
      column injection technique. The GC oven temperature was programmed from 120
      degrees C to 180 degrees C at a rate of 5 degrees C/min. The oven temperature was
      then programmed to 250 degrees C and was maintained for 10 min. The nitroglycerin
      and internal standard retention times were 8.6 and 11.4 min, respectively. The
      position of the end of the capillary column inside the detector is a critical
      determinant of sensitivity: the column exit must be positioned such that
      nitroglycerin adsorption to the detector is minimized (i.e., sensitivity
      maximized). The assay limit of quantitation was 25 pg/mL (CV = 7.6%) using 1 mL
      of plasma. This GC assay, specific for nitroglycerin in the presence of its
      metabolites, isosorbide dinitrate, and several other drugs, may be used to
      quantitate plasma levels obtained after therapeutic nitroglycerin doses.

PMID- 6432998
TI  - Rapid gas chromatographic assay for monitoring valproic acid and valpromide in
      plasma.
AB  - A gas chromatographic (GC) method for monitoring valproic acid and valpromide in
      plasma was developed. The procedure involved a single solvent extraction of drugs
      from acidified plasma samples, followed by a GC injection of the organic phase.
      This rapid, sensitive, specific, and reproducible method is a key factor in
      pharmacokinetic and stability studies of valpromide. Pharmacokinetic application
      of the new GC method is presented by a simultaneous plasma monitoring of
      valpromide and valproic acid levels obtained after intravenous administration of
      valpromide to a dog.

PMID- 6432999
TI  - Production and antagonism of cutaneous vascular permeability in the guinea pig in
      response to histamine, leukotrienes and A23187.
AB  - The method of Katayama et al. (Microbiol. Immunol. 22:89-101, 1978) for assessing
      cutaneous vascular permeability was modified and used to evaluate responses of
      the dermal vasculature to histamine, leukotriene (LT)C4, LTD4 and the ionophore
      A23187. These agonists were given intradermally, whereas antagonists and other
      types of inhibitors were administered i.v. Histamine was shown to cause vascular
      leakage via an H1 receptor. No evidence for H2 receptor activation or involvement
      of cyclooxygenase products was found. The results also suggested that a portion
      of the response to histamine was due to the liberation of LTD4. LTC4 produced a
      mixed response comprised of vasoconstriction and increased vascular permeability,
      the latter possibly due to its conversion to LTD4. FPL 55712 antagonized LTD4
      induced permeability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas indomethacin had no
      effect. Neither pyrilamine nor FPL 55712 reduced the response to A23187. A dose
      of indomethacin that did not affect the response to A23187 when given alone
      markedly reduced the ability of ionophore to cause vascular leakage when combined
      with either pyrilamine or FPL 55712. Thus, histamine and LTD4, in combination
      with one or more of the cyclooxygenase products, may be involved in A23187
      induced cutaneous vascular permeability. Finally, two calcium channel blocking
      agents, nifedipine and diltiazem, did not block the vascular leakage caused by
      A23187.

PMID- 6433000
TI  - Pharmacologic profile of a novel potent direct-acting dopamine agonist, (+)-4
      propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine [(+)-PHNO].
AB  - The (+)-enantiomer of 1,2,3,4a,5,6-hexahydro-9-hydroxy-4-n-propyl-4H-naphth[1,2
      b][ 1,4]-oxazine [(+)-PHNO] is demonstrated to be a potent and direct dopamine
      (DA) agonist in several in vivo and in vitro test procedures. In vitro (+)-PHNO
      inhibited binding of [3H]apomorphine (IC50 = 23 nM) or [3H]spiperone (IC50 = 55
      nM) to rat striatal membranes. Because (+)-PHNO failed to stimulate adenylate
      cyclase in carp retina, it was classified as a D-2 agonist. ED50 values (shown in
      parentheses) derived in DA receptor-related in vivo tests were as follows: in
      mice, (+)-PHNO produced hypothermia (13 micrograms/kg i.p.) and postural
      asymmetry in the unilaterally caudectomized animal (4 micrograms/kg i.p.). In the
      rat, (+)-PHNO produced stereotypy (10 micrograms/kg i.p.) and contralateral
      turning in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals (5 micrograms/kg i.p.) that lasted
      1 to 3 hr. Whereas both of the latter effects were blocked by haloperidol, prior
      treatment with depletors of endogenous catecholamines, reserpine or alpha
      methylparatyrosine failed to reduce (+)-PHNO-induced stereotypy. The
      naphthoxazine also produced emesis in beagles (0.05 micrograms/kg i.v.) that was
      blocked by L-646,462, a peripherally selective DA receptor antagonist. (+)-PHNO
      was well absorbed when given p.o., producing contralateral turning (10
      micrograms/kg) with a ratio of p.o. to i.p. ED50 values of 2. This ratio was much
      lower than those derived for n-propylnorapomorphine (60) and apomorphine (54). At
      the DA autoreceptor, (+)-PHNO inhibited the accumulation of dOPA in the gamma
      butyrolactone-treated rat (11 micrograms/kg i.p.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6433001
TI  - Effects of metal cations and calmodulin antagonists on [3H] nitrendipine binding
      in smooth and cardiac muscle.
AB  - It was previously reported that [3H]nitrendipine binding to a microsomal fraction
      from intestinal smooth muscle was dependent upon the presence of divalent metal
      cations (Bolger et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 225: 291-309, 1983). The effects
      of cations and calmodulin antagonists on [3H]nitrendipine binding in smooth and
      cardiac muscle have been studied further. Treatment of ileal and aortic smooth
      muscle and cardiac muscle with EDTA reduced specific [3H]nitrendipine binding by
      70 to 95%. Microsomes from rabbit ventricle were more resistant to EDTA treatment
      than were those from ileal smooth muscle, but low concentrations of Ca++ (less
      than 10(-5) M) produced half-maximal restoration of binding in both tissues. The
      ability of cations at a concentration of 10(-3) M to restore binding to membranes
      from guinea-pig ileum was in the sequence, Ca++ = Sr++ greater than Mg++ = Mn++ =
      Co++ greater than Ba++ = Ni++ greater than Zn++ = Cd++ greater than La = Sm = Tm
      . In contrast to the activation of calmodulin-dependent processes, the ability of
      these cations to restore [3H]nitrendipine binding did not correlate linearly with
      ionic radius. However, calmodulin antagonists were found to inhibit
      [3H]nitrendipine binding with the order of potency: pimozide greater than less
      than calmidazolium (R 24571) greater than trifluoperazine greater than
      chlorpromazine greater than promethazine greater than chlorpromazine sulfoxide,
      that correlates quite well with the potency of these drugs as inhibitors of
      calmodulin-dependent processes. The results suggest that calmodulin antagonists
      bind to a protein associated with the [3H]nitrendipine binding site that has a
      hydrophobic domain similar to that exposed on calmodulin by Ca++, but that this
      protein is not calmodulin itself.

PMID- 6433002
TI  - Structure-activity relationship between guanidine alkyl derivatives and
      norepinephrine release: site(s) and mechanism(s) of action.
AB  - The effect of guanidine alkyl derivatives on the evoked release of
      [3H]norepinephrine [( 3H]NE) from spleen strips was examined. Guanidine, methyl
      guanidine and N,N-dimethyl guanidine all enhanced the field-stimulated release of
      [3H]NE 2- to 3-fold, whereas N,N'-dimethyl guanidine and propyl guanidine were
      without effect. The latter compound blocked the stimulatory effect of an
      equimolor concentration (4 mM) of guanidine. Guanidine enhanced moderately the
      field-stimulated release of [3H]NE from spleen strips pretreated with
      phenoxybenzamine. The efflux of [3H]NE from spleen slices induced by calcium
      ionophore A-23187 was not altered by guanidine incubation. The effect of
      guanidine on intracellular calcium movement was also tested by monitoring the
      effect of the drug on evoked secretion of ATP from human platelets. Guanidine did
      not modify this release. It is concluded that guanidine and its active structural
      derivatives augment [3H]NE release by increasing the influx of calcium through
      the voltage-sensitive calcium channels, but not by the mobilization of
      intracellular calcium pools. The biochemical basis for the action of the
      guanidinium cation is discussed.

PMID- 6433003
TI  - [Determination of the presence of pepsin in the crop of the chicken (white
      Leghorn)].
AB  - The presence of pepsin in the crop of chicken (white Leghorn) with fistula
      cannula is determined in this research. Methodological conditions and importance
      of such a determination from a physiological digestion point of view are
      described. In addition, the effect of histamine on different secretory parameters
      (volume, total acidity and proteolytic activity) of the crop is analysed. The
      results obtained indicate that histamine correlatively increases these secretory
      parameters.

PMID- 6433004
TI  - [Ontogenetic changes of effects of carbon dioxide on the electroretinographic
      responses of Locusta migratoria cinerascens: influence of the animal breeding
      conditions].
AB  - Short term exposition of locusts to CO2 (1 min) greatly reduces the amplitude of
      electroretinographic responses induced by a lengthened light stimulation (5 s).
      The effects are significant immediately at the end of the treatment and may alter
      the visual responses for a prolonged period (10 min up to 60 min). In the course
      of ontogenesis, the reactivity of animals to CO2 decreases as shown by the
      increased delay necessary to obtain the maximum effect and by the reduction of
      the time-course of the effects. The breeding condition of locusts influences
      their responsiveness to CO2. Animals bred in grouping are less sensitive to CO2
      action than isolated animals or crowded ones submitted to a daily CO2 narcosis.
      Discussion of the results is developed in relation with the CO2 action mechanisms
      and the functioning of the compound eye of the insect as well as in relation with
      the inhibition of the effects of crowding induced by CO2, possibly as a result of
      the reduction of the "sensorial flux" in high density population.

PMID- 6433005
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: inoculation schedules and re-isolation methods select
      individual strains from doubly infected mice, as demonstrated by schizodeme and
      zymodeme analyses.
AB  - Groups of mice received double infections with the Y and F strains of Trypanosoma
      cruzi, the first inoculum of either strain being followed by a second inoculum of
      the other strain on day 5, 15, 30-40, or 60-65. Parasites were re-isolated from
      blood into culture, either directly or with an intermediate passage in gamma
      irradiated mice, at intervals between 7 and 35 days after the second inoculation.
      Strain identification in the re-isolated material was by electrophoresis of kDNA
      fragments generated by the EcoRI restriction endonuclease and by electrophoresis
      for glucosephosphate isomerase isozymes. Both strains were identified in 22% of
      re-isolates originating from the experimental mice and only one of them was
      present in the remaining re-isolates, strain F being the most frequent. In some
      instances either Y or F was re-isolated from the same blood source, depending on
      whether culturing had been preceded or not by passage through a mouse. These
      results are certainly related to strain differences in the various aspects of
      host-parasite relationship and, possibly, growth rates in culture. The results
      demonstrate that: (1) more than one strain of T. cruzi can coexist in the same
      host; (2) the timing and method of parasite isolation from the vertebrate host
      act as selective factors, and further passages (in mice or cultures) may
      completely eliminate one (or more) strain from originally mixed trypanosome
      population, and (3) kDNA restriction "fingerprints" and isozyme profiles are
      simple, sensitive, and reliable techniques for strain identification both in
      single and mixed preparations.

PMID- 6433006
TI  - Studies on the cimetidine resistant duodenal ulcer: a summary of work performed
      at the Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar.

PMID- 6433007
TI  - Effect of follicular atresia on inhibin production by bovine granulosa cells in
      vitro and inhibin concentrations in the follicular fluid.
AB  - The ability of bovine granulosa cells to produce inhibin and to synthesize
      oestradiol-17 beta increased with increasing follicle size in healthy but not
      atretic follicles. Granulosa cells from small (less than or equal to 5 mm diam.)
      healthy follicles were indistinguishable from cells of atretic follicles in terms
      of their ability to produce inhibin and to aromatize androgen. However, granulosa
      cells from healthy and atretic follicles, irrespective of size, differed markedly
      in their morphological appearance after culture for 24 h. Testosterone (1
      microgram/ml) stimulated inhibin production by granulosa cells from healthy and
      atretic follicles while FSH (100 ng/ml) stimulated inhibin production by
      granulosa cells from healthy follicles only. The relative ability of granulosa
      cells from different sizes of healthy and atretic follicles to produce inhibin in
      vitro was reflected in inhibin concentrations in follicular fluid. There was a
      significant positive correlation between inhibin concentration in follicular
      fluid and the number of granulosa cells per follicle. There was also a
      significant positive correlation between follicular diameter and inhibin
      concentration in follicular fluid, but only in healthy follicles. These findings
      show that both follicular size and atresia influence follicular inhibin
      production.

PMID- 6433008
TI  - Serum concentration patterns of an LHRH agonist, gonadotrophins and sex steroids
      after subcutaneous, vaginal, rectal and nasal administration of the agonist to
      pregnant rats.
AB  - A highly potent LHRH agonist, des-Gly10-[D-Leu6]-LHRH-ethylamide (TAP-144), was
      administered by subcutaneous, vaginal, rectal and nasal routes to pregnant rats
      on Day 10. After subcutaneous administration, almost all the TAP-144 was rapidly
      absorbed and eliminated. After vaginal administration, the fraction of the dose
      that reached the systemic circulation, the F value, was very high but the rate of
      absorption was very low; consequently there was a low peak level and persistence
      of serum level. After rectal administration, the F value was very low and the
      rate of absorption was lower than that by the subcutaneous route; consequently
      the terminal phase half-life was between those of the subcutaneous and vaginal
      routes. After nasal administration, the F value was also very low but the rate of
      absorption was enormously high and there was a rapid decrease in serum
      concentration. The pregnancy-terminating effectiveness of the peptide by these
      routes of administration was not proportional to the transient high
      concentrations of the peptide but attributable to its persistence in the serum.
      Serum LH and FSH concentrations after TAP-144 administration showed similar
      patterns with the different routes but the peak concentration of LH after vaginal
      administration was higher than that after other routes. Serum levels of
      progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta showed small peaks within 2 h after TAP-144
      was administered by any route and fluctuated thereafter but the level dropped
      only in the rats given a dose of TAP-144 that was 100% effective in terminating
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6433009
TI  - Changes in FSH and the pulsatile secretion of LH during the delay in oestrus
      induced by treatment of ewes with bovine follicular fluid.
AB  - Treatment of Welsh Mountain ewes with i.v. injections of untreated or charcoal
      treated bovine follicular fluid (BFF) after prostaglandin-induced luteal
      regression resulted in a significant delay in the onset of oestrous behaviour.
      Injections of BFF caused a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of FSH
      but levels were only suppressed below those in control ewes during the first 24 h
      of the 48-h period of treatment. At the end of BFF treatment there was a
      substantial increase in plasma FSH levels. In contrast, there were no significant
      effects of BFF treatment on basal plasma concentrations of LH or pulse frequency
      or amplitude of LH secretion. Corpus luteum function, as measured by plasma
      concentrations of progesterone, in BFF-treated ewes was normal. These results
      suggest that the delay in oestrus caused by treatment of ewes with BFF is due to
      a specific suppression of plasma levels of FSH while LH secretion remains
      unaffected.

PMID- 6433010
TI  - Modulatory action of FSH on LH-induced follicular growth in rats.
AB  - Three to four ovaries from rats on the day of di-oestrus I were placed in
      perifusion culture at 10:30 h and exposed to (1) no gonadotrophin (in-vitro
      controls); (2) tonic FSH (200 ng RP-1/ml); (3) tonic LH (30 ng RP-1/ml); (4)
      tonic FSH + tonic LH; or (5) tonic FSH plus hourly pulses of LH (amplitude = 50
      ng/ml). The total amount of LH administered was 3060 ng RP-1 regardless of mode
      of delivery. After culture for 3 h, the ovaries were prepared for histological
      analysis. Compared to in-vitro controls, tonic LH stimulation increased the
      number of follicles with greater than 1.6 X 10(5) granulosa cells (P less than
      0.05); it was estimated that each follicle in the larger size class increased by
      5.5 +/- 2.7 X 10(4) cells. Tonic FSH or tonic FSH + tonic LH treatment did not
      promote growth into the 1.6 X 10(5) cell class. In the presence of tonic FSH,
      hourly LH pulses induced follicular growth similar to that observed after tonic
      LH treatment. The data demonstrate that LH promotes the growth of follicles in
      vitro. FSH modulates this stimulatory action of LH, allowing it to be expressed
      when LH is administered in hourly pulses.

PMID- 6433011
TI  - Timing of sexual receptivity and the release of gonadotrophins during puberty in
      female rats.
AB  - In about 60% of rats that were paired with fertile males before vaginal opening,
      vaginal opening occurred between 15:00 and 21:00 h under controlled lighting
      conditions (lights on 06:00-18:00 h). No rats mated before 12:00 h or after 03:00
      h. Most of the rats (52/82) mated within 3 h after vaginal opening. About 90% of
      the rats that were paired with fertile males before vaginal opening mated and
      most conceived. Serum LH and FSH levels rose from 14:00 h to a peak at 18:00 h,
      whereas hypothalamic LHRH content suddenly decreased by 18:00 h. This study shows
      that the timing of sexual receptivity, ovulation and the release of
      gonadotrophins during puberty are similar to those at pro-oestrus in adult rats
      and suggest that the diurnal rhythm of hormonal changes plays an important role
      in timing of the first oestrus.

PMID- 6433012
TI  - Concentration of gonadotrophins in the plasma of sheep given gonadal steroid
      antisera to raise ovulation rate.
AB  - The concentration of FSH and LH in peripheral plasma was studied in sheep from 8
      h before to 17.5 h after injection (i.v.) with antisera to the steroids
      androstenedione, oestradiol, oestrone and testosterone. The fitted mean
      concentration of LH increases after all treatments and the increase was
      associated with a higher frequency of LH pulses. The greater concentration was
      evident for all groups by the period 3.5-6.5 h after injection, but by the end of
      the sampling period the concentration had returned to or towards the values in
      the controls. For FSH, significant change was limited to those animals given anti
      oestrogen sera but it was more rapid than for LH, both groups receiving anti
      oestrogen sera showing an increase during the period 0.5-3.0 h after injection.
      The ovulation rate was increased by treatment and an effect close to 0.75 corpora
      lutea per ewe was maintained by treatment in subsequent oestrous cycles. This
      declined to 0.25 corpora lutea after two oestrous cycles without treatment.

PMID- 6433013
TI  - Co-operating in caring.

PMID- 6433014
TI  - The influence of socioeconomic status on health-related knowledge and habits of
      middle-aged males.

PMID- 6433015
TI  - Timber frame construction.

PMID- 6433016
TI  - Malaria vaccination and chemotherapy: practical considerations for tropical
      countries.

PMID- 6433017
TI  - Evaluation of the Scottish Health Education Group's 1981-1982 environmental
      health campaign.

PMID- 6433018
TI  - Problems of instability in old age.

PMID- 6433019
TI  - Health knowledge among teachers: case study of teacher's training college in
      Benin City, Nigeria.

PMID- 6433020
TI  - How I try to keep myself alive and well.

PMID- 6433021
TI  - Epidemiology of motor vehicle accidents in a developing country--a case of Oyo
      State of Nigeria.

PMID- 6433022
TI  - Benzylamines: synthesis and evaluation of antimycobacterial properties.
AB  - The synthesis of benzylamines with various N-alkyl chains and substituents in the
      aromatic system as well as their evaluation on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Ra
      are described. The most active compounds in this test, N-methyl-3
      chlorobenzylamine (19, MIC 10.2 micrograms/mL), N-methyl-3,5-dichlorobenzylamine
      (93, MIC 10.2 micrograms/mL), and N-butyl-3,5-difluorobenzylamine (103, MIC 6.4
      micrograms/mL), also exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium
      marinum and Mycobacterium lufu used for the determination of antileprotic
      properties. The combinations of 93 with aminosalicylic acid, streptomycin, or
      dapsone exert marked supra-additive effects on M. tuberculosis H 37 Ra.

PMID- 6433023
TI  - Case report: pancreatic pseudocyst associated with valproic acid therapy.

PMID- 6433024
TI  - Commentary: DRG--New Jersey and the federal system.

PMID- 6433025
TI  - Commentary: DRG--the executive director's view.

PMID- 6433026
TI  - Further evidence that thromboxane exacerbates arrhythmias: effects of UK38485
      during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in anaesthetized greyhounds.
AB  - The administration of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor UK38485, 3 mg/kg i.v.
      30 min prior to occlusion of the LAD in chloralose-anaesthetized dogs reduced the
      number of extrasystoles that occurred in the first 30 min of ischaemia from 832
      +/- 158 in controls to 193 +/- 126 (P less than 0.01). VF induced by the release
      of the occlusion after 40 min was also markedly reduced from seven out of nine in
      controls to two out of seven in the drug group. UK38485 did not alter blood gases
      or haemodynamics prior to LAD occlusion and the changes in PO2, PCO2 and pH in
      blood draining from the ischaemic myocardium during occlusion were similar in
      control and drug-treated dogs. The haemodynamic changes induced by coronary
      artery occlusion were attenuated by UK38485. This drug also prevented the
      thromboxane release that normally occurs during acute myocardial ischaemia but
      did not suppress prostacyclin release. These results provide further evidence in
      support of the hypothesis that thromboxane is arrhythmogenic during acute
      myocardial ischaemia and is a particularly important contributory factor in
      reperfusion-induced VF.

PMID- 6433027
TI  - Mechanism of reduction of action potential duration of ventricular myocardium by
      exogenous lactate.
AB  - Shortening of the action potential duration and the attendant reduction of
      refractory period in regional myocardial ischaemia might set the stage for the
      genesis and re-entry of ectopic impulses. We investigated the mechanism by which
      neutral lactate shortens the action potential duration since lactate accumulates
      highest in regions where coronary flow is lowest after experimental coronary
      artery occlusion. In preliminary experiments (unpublished) when 10 mM of L(+)-Na
      lactate was substituted for glucose (10 mM), action potential duration shortened
      in the majority of guinea pig papillary muscles. In some of the muscles, the
      action potential duration lengthened. When the perfusate contained neither
      glucose nor lactate (i.e. substrate free) action potential duration shortened in
      the majority of experiments. As mechanism, we supposed that the relatively high
      contraction rate of the preparations (120/min) could exhaust glycogen stores
      thereby limiting glycolysis and shortening the action potential duration. Thus
      variable action potential duration during lactate or substrate-free superfusion,
      might be explained by a corresponding variability of pre-existing glycogen
      stores. Therefore, in the present study we attempted to reduce the demand on
      glycogen stores by decreasing the contraction rate to 30/min. In the latter
      preparation, when the diastolic (passive) tension was completely normal, lactate
      (10 mM) shortened the action potential duration by 30%, whereas the action
      potential duration was not altered during substrate free superfusion. We then
      explored the possibility that lactate shortened the action potential duration by
      inhibition of glycolysis. First, muscles were made to perform external work by
      increasing passive tension to the peak of the active length-tension
      curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433028
TI  - Structural features are as important as sequence homologies in Drosophila heat
      shock gene upstream regions.
AB  - Pelham has shown that the Drosophila hsp 70 gene is not transcribed under heat
      shock conditions unless a given upstream region is present. Davidson et al. have
      recently compiled a list of sequences homologous to this region in other
      Drosophila heat shock genes. They proposed that a set of unlinked genes, such as
      the heat shock genes, could be coordinately induced through an interaction in cis
      with a common regulatory molecule. That this interaction involves structural
      elements is suggested by the fact that these upstream regions share inverted
      repeats as well as areas of Z-DNA potential. Furthermore, using the Calladine
      Dickerson rules for local helical parameters, we show that these regions share
      structural homology. This is significant because the presence of regions
      homologous to a derived consensus sequence does not necessarily imply structural
      similarity. Therefore, we suggest that these structural features are at least as
      important as the sequence homologies in enabling the heat shock response.

PMID- 6433029
TI  - Strong doublet preferences in nucleotide sequences and DNA geometry.
AB  - Analysis of the sequence data available today, comprising more than 500,000
      bases, confirms the previously observed phenomenon that there are distinct
      dinucleotide preferences in DNA sequences. Consistent behaviour is observed in
      the major sequence groups analysed here in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and
      mitochondria. Some doublet preferences are common to all groups and are found in
      most sequences of the Los Alamos Library. The patterns seen in such large data
      sets are very significant statistically and biologically. Since they are present
      in numerous and diverse nucleotide sequences, one may conclude that they confer
      evolutionary advantages on the organism. In eukaryotes RR and YY dinucleotides
      are preferred over YR and RY (where R is a purine and Y a pyrimidine). Since
      opposite-chain nearest-neighbour purine clashes are major determinants of DNA
      structure, it appears that the tight packaging of DNA in nucleosomes disfavors,
      in general, such (YR and RY) steric repulsion.

PMID- 6433030
TI  - Classification of scorpion toxins according to amino acid composition and
      sequence.
AB  - Scorpion venom toxins were systematically classified according to amino acid
      composition, insertion/deletion events and sequence. The significance of each
      comparison method and its outcome is discussed in relation to known immunological
      and structural properties. A general classification of the toxins is proposed
      that accounts for both the immunological groupings and the differences in mode of
      action.

PMID- 6433031
TI  - Classification of elapid snake neurotoxins and cytotoxins according to chain
      length: evolutionary implications.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the 139 homologous "short" neurotoxins, "long"
      neurotoxins and cytotoxins so far characterised from elapid snake venoms were
      compared on the basis of the amino acid deletion/insertion events that have
      occurred during evolution. Systematic grouping of the toxins according to
      similarity suggests that the short neurotoxins resemble the cytotoxins more
      closely than they do the long neurotoxins. The significance of this finding is
      discussed in relation to the methodology, the conformations of the toxins (as
      represented by circular dichroism spectra) and the outcome of the study that
      would have been obtained. had more traditional methods been used. It appears
      probable that the cytotoxins evolved relatively recently from neurotoxic
      ancestors.

PMID- 6433032
TI  - Divided genomes and intrinsic noise.
AB  - Segmental genomes (i.e., genomes in which the genetic information is dispersed
      between two or more discrete molecules) are abundant in RNA viruses, but
      virtually absent in DNA viruses. It has been suggested that the division of
      information in RNA viruses expands the pool of variation available to natural
      selection by providing for the reassortment of modular RNAs from different
      genetic sources. This explanation is based on the apparent inability of related
      RNA molecules to undergo the kinds of physical recombination that generate
      variation among related DNA molecules. In this paper we propose a radically
      different hypothesis. Self-replicating RNA genomes have an error rate of about
      10(-3) - 10(-4) substitutions per base per generation, whereas for DNA genomes
      the corresponding figure is 10(-9) - 10(-11). Thus the level of noise in the RNA
      copier process is five to eight orders of magnitude higher than that in the DNA
      process. Since a small module of information has a higher chance of passing
      undamaged through a noisy channel than does a large one, the division of RNA
      viral information among separate small units increases its overall chances of
      survival. The selective advantage of genome segmentation is most easily modelled
      for modular RNAs wrapped up in separate viral coats. If modular RNAs are brought
      together in a common viral coat, segmentation is advantageous only when
      interactions among the modular RNAs are selective enough to provide some degree
      of discrimination against miscopied sequences. This requirement is most clearly
      met by the reoviruses.

PMID- 6433033
TI  - Stereoselective aminoacylation of a dinucleoside monophosphate by the
      imidazolides of DL-alanine and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine.
AB  - The aminoacylation of diinosine monophosphate (IpI) was studied. When the
      acylating agent was the imidazolide of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine, a 40%
      enantiomeric excess of the L isomer was incorporated at the internal 2' site and
      the positions of equilibrium for the 2' in equilibrium with 3' migration reaction
      differed for the D and L enantiomers. The reactivity of the nucleoside hydroxyl
      groups decreased in the order 2'(3') greater than internal 2' greater than 5',
      and the extent of reaction was affected by the concentration of the imidazole
      buffer (pH 7.1). In contrast, reaction of IpI with the imidazolide of unprotected
      DL-alanine led to an excess of the D isomer at the internal 2' site, while
      reaction with the N-carboxy anhydride of DL-alanine proceeded without detectable
      stereoselection. The relevance of these results to the evolution of optical
      activity and the origin of genetically directed protein synthesis is discussed.

PMID- 6433034
TI  - Nonenzymatic formation of "energy-rich" lactoyl and glyceroyl thioesters from
      glyceraldehyde and a thiol.
AB  - The "energy-rich" thioester, N-acetyl-S-lactoylcysteine, is formed under
      anaerobic conditions from glyceraldehyde and N-acetylcysteine at ambient
      temperature in aqueous solutions of sodium phosphate (pH 7.0). The conversion of
      glyceraldehyde to lactoyl thioester occurs at a rate of about 0.4%/day in
      reactions with 10 mM glyceraldehyde, 10 mM thiol, and 500 mM sodium phosphate (pH
      7.0). Thioester formation proceeds at an estimated efficiency of 76%, since a
      similar reaction with 12.5 mM thiol yields 50.7% lactate at 6 months from only
      66.5% of the glyceraldehyde (or its isomer, dihydroxyacetone). The formation of
      lactoyl thioester most likely occurs by the phosphate-catalyzed dehydration of
      glyceraldehyde to give pyruvaldehyde, which combines with thiol to form a
      hemithioacetal that rearranges to the thioester. A second energy-rich thioester,
      N-acetyl-S-glyceroylcysteine, is also produced from glyceraldehyde when these
      reactions are carried out in the presence of oxygen and to a limited extent in
      the absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen the formation of glyceroyl
      thioester continues until the thiol disappears completely by oxidation. The
      significance of these reactions to the energetics of the origin of life is
      discussed.

PMID- 6433035
TI  - Cluster analysis of genes in codon space.
AB  - We construct a "codon space" in which a given DNA sequence can be plotted as a
      function of its base composition in each of the three codon positions. We
      demonstrate that the base composition is very highly nonrandom, with sequences
      from more primitive organisms having the least random compositions. By using
      cluster analysis on the points plotted in codon space we show that there is a
      strong correlation between base composition and type of organism, with the most
      primitive organisms having the highest A or T content in the second and third
      codon positions. A smooth transition toward lower A + T and higher G + C content
      is observed in the second and third codon positions as the evolutionary
      complexity of the organism increases. Besides this general trend, more detailed
      structure can be observed in the clustering that will become clearer as the data
      base is increased.

PMID- 6433036
TI  - The alignment of sets of sequences and the construction of phyletic trees: an
      integrated method.
AB  - In this paper we argue that the alignment of sets of sequences and the
      construction of phyletic trees cannot be treated separately. The concept of 'good
      alignment' is meaningless without reference to a phyletic tree, and the
      construction of phyletic trees presupposes alignment of the sequences. We propose
      an integrated method that generates both an alignment of a set of sequences and a
      phyletic tree. In this method a putative tree is used to align the sequences and
      the alignment obtained is used to adjust the tree; this process is iterated. As a
      demonstration we apply the method to the analysis of the evolution of 5S rRNA
      sequences in prokaryotes.

PMID- 6433038
TI  - Interview with Frank Jirka, MD, president of the American Medical Association.

PMID- 6433037
TI  - Demographic influences on mitochondrial DNA lineage survivorship in animal
      populations.
AB  - Probability models of branching processes and computer simulations of these
      models are used to examine stochastic survivorship of female lineages under a
      variety of demographic scenarios. A parameter II, defined as the probability of
      survival of two or more independent lineages over G generations, is monitored as
      a function of founding size of a population, population size at carrying
      capacity, and the frequency distributions of surviving progeny. Stochastic
      lineage extinction can be very rapid under certain biologically plausible
      demographic conditions. For stable-sized populations initiated by n females
      and/or regulated about carrying capacity k = n, it is highly probable that within
      about 4n generations all descendants will trace their ancestries to a single
      founder female. For a given mean family size, increased variance decreases
      lineage survivorship. In expanding populations, however, lineage extinction is
      dramatically slowed, and the final k value is a far more important determinant of
      II than is the size of the population at founding. The results are discussed in
      the context of recent empirical observations of low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
      sequence heterogeneity in humans and expected distributions of asexually
      transmitted traits among sexually reproducing species.

PMID- 6433039
TI  - Effect of mitomycin C on bone marrow cells in mice.
AB  - The total and differential cell counts of femoral bone marrow and peripheral
      reticulocyte counts were determined in male ddY mice up to day 11 after an
      intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg of mitomycin C. Total marrow cell counts
      showed a minimum value on day 2 after the injection, and then recovered to the
      control level on day 7. In the differential cell counts, the minimum values were
      observed on day 1 for proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts, on day 2 for
      polychromatic erythroblasts, and on day 4 for mature neutrophils. Recovery was
      seen from the 4th to 7th days after injection. Marrow lymphocytes showed a
      maximum value when the total counts were minimum. The peripheral reticulocytes
      almost disappeared 4 days after the injection, and recovered to the pretreatment
      level on day 11.

PMID- 6433040
TI  - Membrane recycling after endocytosis of cationized ferritin in cultured rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Cultured hepatocytes from adult rat livers were incubated for various durations
      (2 to 120 min) with cationized ferritin (CF) to trace the fate of surface
      membrane. CF was taken up by endocytosis in clathrin-coated vesicles and was
      found within 15-60 min in endosomes and mainly in multivesicular bodies (MVB).
      Lysosomes exhibited but scanty labeling, and the marker was not found in Golgi
      cisternae even at the longer incubation time. Two main observations result from
      our ultrastructural study: smooth vesicles seem to pinch off from the MVB to move
      toward the cell surface; moreover, smooth or coated vesicles fuse with secretion
      vesicles and recycle back to the plasma membrane. The present data thus
      demonstrate in cultured hepatocytes, the existence of intracellular pathways of
      plasma membrane that short-cut the Golgi cisternae and the lysosomal compartment.

PMID- 6433041
TI  - Intranuclear inclusions in hypothalamic neurons: a study in the ageing hamster.
AB  - Intranuclear inclusions have been observed in a wide variety of locations
      throughout the nervous system. In the present work we have studied the inclusions
      that appear within the nucleus of non-secretory neurons from both paraventricular
      and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus of the ageing hamster. We described
      four morphological types, namely, micro-filamentous, crystalloid, circular and
      capsuled inclusions. Their relationships with both the nuclear membrane and the
      nucleolus are discussed in the light of their ultrastructural features.

PMID- 6433042
TI  - Skin cancer of the head--treatment by radiotherapy.
AB  - A retrospective review of 498 patients with 584 skin cancers occurring on the
      head and seen between 1971 and 1976 is reported. All were treated by
      radiotherapy. There were 433 basal cell and 151 squamous cell carcinomas for a
      ratio of 2.9:1. The median age for developing skin cancer was 69 (22-92) years
      and there was a male to female advantage of approximately 1.5:1. Overall, the
      primary tumor was controlled at three years in 553 instances (94.7%). None of the
      basal cell carcinomas metastasized. Cervical node metastases developed in 12
      patients (8%) with squamous cell carcinoma. Overall there were four (0.8%) tumor
      related deaths.

PMID- 6433043
TI  - Verapamil enhancement of chemotherapeutic efficacy in human bladder cancer cells.
AB  - The calcium influx blocker verapamil has been used to overcome drug resistance in
      several tumor systems. The possible in vitro enhancement of drug efficacy was
      assessed in bladder cancer cell line T24. Combination of thiotepa and doxorubicin
      hydrochloride with verapamil significantly reduced the survival and growth of T24
      cells after as little as 1 hour of drug exposure. An increase in doxorubicin
      hydrochloride-induced inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake resulted when verapamil
      was administered. However, this trend was not demonstrated when combined with
      thiotepa. It appears that verapamil enhances thiotepa-induced cytotoxicity while
      it potentiates the antimitotic nature of doxorubicin hydrochloride. The data
      presented is consistent with the postulate that verapamil alters active efflux of
      drug from malignant cells and suggests that verapamil has a role in the clinical
      management of bladder cancer.

PMID- 6433044
TI  - Prevention of cyclophosphamide cystitis with 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate: a
      histologic study.
AB  - The ability of 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate to prevent histologic damage to
      the bladder from cyclophosphamide was studied. Male rats receiving 2
      mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate in conjunction with cyclophosphamide had a
      statistically significant decrease in ulceration, inflammation and edema of the
      bladder compared to those treated with cyclophosphamide alone. Most bladders of
      animals given prophylactic 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate with a dose of
      cyclophosphamide were histologically indistinguishable from controls receiving
      neither drug. The relevance of these findings to the short and long-term effects
      of cyclophosphamide on the urothelium is discussed.

PMID- 6433045
TI  - Mitomycin C reused: an in vitro cost-effectiveness study.
AB  - The use of mitomycin C, an effective agent in the intravesical treatment of
      superficial bladder cancer, is limited by its high cost. An in vitro study was
      done to determine whether mitomycin C could be recovered after intravesical
      administration and reused in the same patient. Cultured human transitional
      carcinoma cells from line 253-J were exposed to: medium alone; fresh mitomycin C
      (1 mg./ml.); mitomycin C stored for 1, 2 and 4 weeks; and mitomycin C recovered
      from patients after intravesical use, tested immediately and stored and tested
      after serial dilution after 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Results were assessed by cell
      counts 2 and 5 days after 2-hour exposure to the test solutions. With fresh
      mitomycin C and that stored up to 4 weeks, cell growth was less than 1 per cent
      of control (medium alone) at 2 and 5 days. Mitomycin C was also effective when
      recovered after intravesical use for up to 2 weeks, at which time cell growth was
      9.7 and 3.1 per cent of control at 2 and 5 days, respectively. However, at 3
      weeks, cell counts were 11.5 and 18.3 per cent of control at 2 and 5 days,
      suggesting that mitomycin C loses potency with dilution. We conclude that
      mitomycin C might be recovered, stored and reused for at least 2 weeks in
      individual patients, a practice that could result in a substantial reduction of
      treatment cost.

PMID- 6433046
TI  - Pituitary and gonadal function in prepubertal boys with hypospadias.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin tests were
      performed to examine the pituitary gonadal axis in 31 prepubertal boys with
      hypospadias. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone responses to
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in these boys with hypospadias were
      significantly higher than those in prepubertal control subjects (luteinizing
      hormone, p less than 0.01). follicle stimulating hormone, p less than 0.05).
      Prepubertal boys with hypospadias had remarkably reduced testosterone responses
      to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation compared to controls (p less than
      0.01). Hormonal milieus were further analyzed in the subtypes of hypospadias
      depending on their severity (distal vs. proximal). Nine of the 31 boys with
      hypospadias were classified as the proximal type. Basal luteinizing hormone
      levels in the proximal type were significantly higher than in the distal type (p
      less than 0.05). Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone responses
      to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and responses of testosterone to human
      chorionic gonadotropin were not significantly different in the 2 types. Seven of
      the 31 boys with hypospadias had a history of maternal progestin ingestion. Basal
      luteinizing hormone levels and responses of luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone were also
      significantly higher in these subjects than in controls (p less than 0.005),
      though basal levels and responses of testosterone to human chorionic gonadotropin
      were not different from those of controls. Tests conducted to determine
      luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone levels
      using luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin
      stimulation revealed no statistical differences between the boys with hypospadias
      who had a history of maternal progestin ingestion and those without such a
      history. The majority of prepubertal boys with hypospadias had varying degrees of
      deficient testicular activity. The testicular function of these patients should
      be evaluated longitudinally at puberty and thereafter in order to insure the
      completion of secondary sexual development.

PMID- 6433047
TI  - Enhanced lethality by methylxanthines in human bladder cancer cells treated with
      thiotepa.
AB  - Cytotoxicity of thiotepa or doxorubicin hydrochloride in human bladder cancer
      cells was investigated alone and in combination with methylxanthines.
      Methylxanthines can potentiate cytotoxicity of some DNA-damaging agents used in
      cancer therapy by preventing DNA repair. However, the potential clinical utility
      of these drug combinations has not been defined. Nontoxic concentrations of two
      methylxanthines, theobromine and caffeine, markedly enhanced lethality in T-24
      human bladder cancer cells treated with thiotepa. Thiotepa cytotoxicity was
      increased over 10-fold by continuous treatment with nontoxic concentrations of
      methylxanthines (0.5 mM), but the major enhancing effect was observed in the 1st
      24 hours after thiotepa exposure. By contrast, no such enhanced lethality was
      observed using higher methylxanthine concentrations and equal or greater
      cytotoxic treatments with doxorubicin hydrochloride. The amount of enhanced
      lethality by methylxanthines correlated directly with growth rate of the cells in
      culture, suggesting that differential enhanced therapeutic effects could be
      achieved in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors based on the increased
      proliferative rate of neoplastic bladder cells compared to normal bladder
      urothelium.

PMID- 6433048
TI  - Growth hormone releasing factor may lower somatotropin demand.

PMID- 6433049
TI  - NIH testing sorbinil to prevent diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 6433050
TI  - From the NIH. Consensus statement on 'mood disorders: pharmacologic prevention of
      recurrences'.

PMID- 6433051
TI  - Anaphylactic reactivity to streptokinase.
AB  - Streptokinase is used worldwide as a thrombolytic agent. Allergic reactions have
      been observed to streptokinase; however, the immunologic mechanisms have not been
      described. In a case of an anaphylactic reaction to intravenously administered
      streptokinase during the evolution of a myocardial infarction, the patient had
      elevated specific IgE and IgG levels to this agent demonstrated by in vitro
      methods. In vivo testing demonstrated cutaneous immediate-type hypersensitivity
      with a typical wheal and flare reaction. Critically ill patients receive short
      term treatment with streptokinase. Because of the potential danger of anaphylaxis
      in these patients, we provide an approach that may identify those at risk. The
      urgency of the requirement for immediate administration of streptokinase is such
      that an in vitro test cannot be used; thus, results of appropriate skin testing
      must be evaluated.

PMID- 6433052
TI  - Opiate antagonists and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. II. Potential role in the
      treatment of central nervous system injury.

PMID- 6433053
TI  - Nasogastric feeding in the elderly.

PMID- 6433054
TI  - Attributed causes for syncope in the elderly.

PMID- 6433055
TI  - Analysis of urinary calculi by chemical methods.

PMID- 6433056
TI  - Pattern of non tuberculosis admission at a thoracic unit.

PMID- 6433057
TI  - Mental retardation in children.

PMID- 6433058
TI  - Analysis of leprosy control programme in Pakistan.

PMID- 6433059
TI  - Comprehensive haemotherapy programme for developing countries.

PMID- 6433060
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 6433061
TI  - Idiopathic retroperitoneal abscesses.

PMID- 6433062
TI  - [Effects of mannitol on brain blood flow and metabolism during resuscitation].

PMID- 6433063
TI  - [Pre- and post-operative management of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome].

PMID- 6433064
TI  - [Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated
      from urinary tract infections (1982). I. Susceptibility distribution].
AB  - In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated
      from patients with urinary tract infections were investigated by dilution method
      using MIC 2000 (Dynatec) during July to October in 1982. The summarized results
      are as follows: PMPC and CCL have showed potent activities against E coli among
      the oral antimicrobial agents. PMPC and CCL at 3.13 micrograms/ml inhibited 90%
      of E. coli tested. CTM, CTX, CZX, CMX and LMOX at concentrations of 0.39
      microgram/ml or less among the parenteral antimicrobial agents inhibited 90% of
      E. coli tested. The value of MIC90 (concentration at which 90% of isolates are
      inhibited) against K. pneumoniae results in the resistant range for ABPC, NA,
      CEX, CCL and ST. Among the parenteral cephems, CMX seemed most effective against
      K. pneumoniae tested. C. freundii seemed generally low susceptible to
      antimicrobial agents tested. Among the oral agents, PMPC, PPA and ST have showed
      moderate activity against C. freundii. Among the parenteral agents, CMX and LMOX
      also showed moderate activity against C. freundii, inhibiting 50% of the strains
      tested at 6.25 micrograms/ml. Among the oral agents, PMPC showed the most potent
      activity against E. cloacae. E. cloacae tested were highly resistant to the first
      and second generation cephems. Among the third generation, CMX seemed the most
      potent activity against E. cloacae isolated. However, CMX concentration of 1.56
      micrograms/ml was necessary to inhibit 50% of tested E. cloacae. P. mirabilis
      tested was resistant to all oral antimicrobial agents except CCL and ST. The
      value of MIC90 of the first and second generation cephems against P. mirabilis
      results in the moderately susceptible range (6.25-25 micrograms/ml). The third
      generation seemed most effective against P. mirabilis tested. PMPC, NA, PPA and
      ST concentrations of 0.78-1.56 micrograms/ml were necessary to inhibit 50% of
      tested P. vulgaris. CEZ and CTM, seemed less potent activity than CFX and CMZ
      against P. vulgaris. CTX, CZX, CMX and LMOX except CPZ have showed potent
      activities against P. vulgaris, these at 0.1 micrograms/ml or less inhibited 50%
      of P. vulgaris tested. P. aeruginosa has been resistant to the third generation
      cephems except CPZ, but TOB, GM, AMK, CFS, PIPC and CPZ have showed high
      activities against P. aeruginosa, inhibiting 50% of the strains tested at 0.39
      6.25 micrograms/ml. The oral antimicrobial agents, and first and second
      generation cephems had not showed significant activity against S. marcescens. And
      strains of S. marcescens were relatively susceptible to the third generation
      cephems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6433065
TI  - [Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated
      from urinary tract infections (1982). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].
AB  - In vitro susceptibilities have been investigated against several species isolated
      from patients with simple and complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) during
      1980-1982. Antimicrobial activities of the third generation cephems against E.
      coli isolated from patients with complicated UTI were found to decrease slightly
      in 1982. And those against Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients with simple and
      complicated UTI were also found to decrease similarly. Against P. mirabilis, all
      the drugs tested have showed relatively potent activities and slight changes in
      the susceptibility. The marked decrease of susceptibility against Citrobacter
      spp. isolated from UTI have been found even in the third generation cephems.
      Especially, Citrobacter spp. exhibited a greater degree of resistant to CZX and
      CPZ. Strains of P. aeruginosa were on the whole susceptible to the drugs tested,
      CFS, GM, TOB and AMK, inhibiting 50-80% of the strains tested at 1.56
      micrograms/ml. CTX, CZX and CMX seemed most effective against S. marcescens among
      the third generation cephems, inhibiting 50-90% of the strains tested at 3.13
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6433066
TI  - [Intra-hepato-arterial administration of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum II (CDDP)
      for primary or metastatic hepatic cancer].
AB  - To study the effectiveness of CDDP for hepatic cancer, intra-hepato-arterial
      administration of CDDP (0.8-1.0 mg/kg/week) combined with 5-FU (250 mg/body/day)
      was performed for 10 patients with primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. As the
      results, partial response was obtained in 6 of 8 evaluable patients. However, the
      adverse effect was very high rate; leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and vomiting
      (nausea) were observed in 9, 6 and 6 of 10 patients respectively. The dose
      limiting factor of CDDP was not a nephrotoxicity but a bone marrow depression in
      this series. Though a noticeable antitumor effect of this modality was obtained,
      some improvements should be applied to it to decrease the adverse effect.

PMID- 6433067
TI  - [A case of malignant schwannoma of the mesentery in a patient with von
      Recklinghausen's disease].
AB  - A 23-year-old man with Von Recklinghausen's disease was admitted because of
      abdominal pain. The preoperative diagnosis was malignant mesenteric tumor.
      Laparotomy was done and the tumor was located in the mesentery of the ileum which
      showed numerous tortuous cords or bulbous projections from the surface. Partial
      resection of the involved ileum and the mesentery was performed. Histological
      examination revealed plexiform neurofibroma and malignant Schwannoma of the
      mesentery. It is very difficult to preoperatively diagnose early associated
      lesions of Von Recklinghausen's disease. Therefore, careful examination of the GI
      tract is important so that earlier therapy can be carried out.

PMID- 6433068
TI  - [Experimental chemotherapy of human gastrointestinal and breast cancers in nude
      mice and its correlation to clinical effect].
AB  - For evaluating the predictive value of experimental chemotherapy of human cancers
      xenografted to nude mice, two types of comparison between experimental responses
      in nude mouse system and their clinical results were made. The responses of 12
      experimental therapies with single agent or drug combination were directly
      compared with those of the same kinds of therapy in each donor patient.
      Satisfactory agreement between the two results was shown in every comparison,
      with 3 true positives and 9 true negatives. Using 15 human cancer lines
      consisting of 7 gastric, 3 colorectal, 2 pancreatic and 3 breast cancers, single
      agent treatment with 6 drugs (MMC, ADR, ACNU, FT-207, 5'-DFUR) were performed.
      The effectiveness of each drug to these xenografts was in good accordance with
      the known clinical effect of each drug in the same type of cancer. Nude mouse
      human cancer panel is useful for the secondary screening of the new drug.

PMID- 6433069
TI  - [Sensitivity test of anticancer agents using human tumor xenografts in nude mice
      with special reference on correlation between clinical effects and chemotherapy].
AB  - In order to improve the response rate of chemotherapy, we have investigated to
      the method for rapid and accurate prediction of the most appropriate anticancer
      agents. Thus, a rapid method using nude mice has been established as in vivo
      model for assessing chemosensitivity of individual human tumors, in which the
      final evaluation was made with 3H-thymidine incorporation and histological
      changes of tumor cells treated. Correlation between the sensitivity of anticancer
      agents and retrospective results of gastrectomy in stage IV gastric cancer was
      investigated. Our sensitivity test indicated a good correlation with clinical
      therapeutic and immunological effects. From these results, it seems reasonable to
      conclude that the sensitivity test using human tumor/nude mouse system may be
      useful for selection of appropriate agents to treat patients with cancer.

PMID- 6433070
TI  - [An autopsy case of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with gamma-chain in serum and urine
      preceded by collagen disease].

PMID- 6433071
TI  - [A case of IgD (lambda) myeloma with acute renal failure due to Bence Jones
      protein nephropathy successfully treated by plasma exchange].

PMID- 6433072
TI  - [Lymphokines. Their diversity and biological activities].

PMID- 6433073
TI  - [A case of non-secretory myeloma (accompanied with gastric carcinoma) analyzed
      with plaque forming cell assay].

PMID- 6433074
TI  - [A case of primary macroglobulinemia with blood coagulation disorder: successful
      surgical treatment of pathologic fracture of the femur].

PMID- 6433075
TI  - [Bence Jones protein (lambda) myeloma with non-secretory IgD: report of a case].

PMID- 6433076
TI  - [Trends in the development of antibiotics].

PMID- 6433077
TI  - [Future development of antibiotics. 4. Tetracycline antibiotics].

PMID- 6433078
TI  - [Drug resistance of bacteria--the current status and future prospect. 5.
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

PMID- 6433079
TI  - [Tsutsugamushi disease--on the recent multiple incidences of a new type].

PMID- 6433080
TI  - [Measurement of serum guanase activity and prevention of non-A, non-B hepatitis].

PMID- 6433081
TI  - [Hereditary connective tissue diseases. Mucopolysaccharidosis].

PMID- 6433082
TI  - [Liver fibrosis].

PMID- 6433083
TI  - [Therapeutic evaluation of human malignant melanoma by urinary 5-S-cysteinyldopa
      dynamics: chemotherapy and surgery].

PMID- 6433084
TI  - Antitumor activity in the culture supernatant fluid of Fusobacterium nucleatum
      strain KO-31.
AB  - Antitumor activity of Fusobacterium nucleatum strain KO-31, which had been
      isolated from the oral cavity, was investigated in Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing
      mice. The strain KO-31 was cultured in TF medium for 48 hr. One-half ml of the
      culture supernatant fluid was injected intraperitoneally during a 7-day period to
      mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The survival time of the treated mice
      prolonged remarkably. A significant reduction in size of the solid Ehrlich tumor
      was also achieved with the supernatant. Antitumor activity was not observed in
      the cell extract.

PMID- 6433085
TI  - [Gastric secretion and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6433086
TI  - [A case of ulcerative colitis associated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-and
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-binding immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6433087
TI  - [A research of protein loss during CAPD].

PMID- 6433088
TI  - [Prognosis of threatened abortion and serum levels of TBG].

PMID- 6433089
TI  - [Fundamental studies of leukemic cell labeling with 111In-oxine and their
      applications to cell kinetics in patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 6433090
TI  - [Islands of Langerhans transplantation--possibility in clinical applications].

PMID- 6433091
TI  - The Bohr effect and the Haldane effect in human hemoglobin.
AB  - Protons and carbon dioxide are physiological regulators for the oxygen affinity
      of hemoglobin. The heterotropic allosteric interaction between the non-heme
      ligands and oxygen, collectively called the Bohr effect, facilitates not only the
      transport of oxygen but also the exchange of carbon dioxide. Several types of
      interactions can be thermodynamically formulated. The Bohr and Haldane
      coefficients and the classical Bohr and Haldane coefficients are thus explicitly
      defined, which will save confusion about the use of the term "Bohr effect" seen
      in the literature. Molecular mechanism and the physiological significance of the
      classical Bohr and Haldane effects are outlined. The latter effect seems to play
      a far greater physiological role than the reciprocal influence of carbon dioxide
      on oxygen transport--the classical Bohr effect.

PMID- 6433092
TI  - A new indirect method for measuring arteriovenous O2 content difference and
      cardiac output from O2 and CO2 concentrations by rebreathing air.
AB  - A new indirect method for measuring the arteriovenous O2 content difference
      (avDO2) was developed. The avDO2 was calculated by dividing the gradient of the
      CO2 dissociation curve by that of a gas exchange ratio against PCO2. The latter
      slope was obtained from O2 and CO2 concentrations in rebreathing air. The
      validity of the method was tested preliminarily in human subjects by comparing
      the cardiac output calculated from avDO2 and O2 uptake (VO2) with that measured
      hitherto by other authors, and then in dogs by comparing the calculated avDO2
      with the measured value. In the dog experiments, the rebreathing was performed 7
      times in each of 7 dogs. Immediately after the rebreathing arterial and mixed
      venous blood were sampled and analyzed for avDO2. For each rebreathing period the
      avDO2 was calculated by using the CO2 dissociation curve obtained in the
      individual dogs. The correlation coefficient between the measured and calculated
      avDO2 was 0.87, demonstrating reasonable validity of the method. The VO2 was
      further measured from the time interval during which a known amount of pure O2
      was consumed. Then, the cardiac output was calculated by dividing the VO2 by the
      measured and calculated avDO2. The correlation coefficient between the respective
      cardiac output values was 0.88, indicating the reliability of using the
      calculated avDO2.

PMID- 6433093
TI  - Sex difference in the inhibitory effect of aspirin on prostacyclin production of
      rat aortae.
AB  - The effect of aspirin on the prostacyclin (PGI2) production of rat aorta was
      investigated, and the influence of sex hormones on the effect of aspirin was
      studied by the treatments of hormone administration, ovariectomy and castration.
      There was no significant sex difference in the arterial production of PGI2
      between male and female rats. However, the PGI2 production was decreased with
      aspirin treatment, and the effect of aspirin was more efficient in male rats. The
      inhibitory effect of aspirin was reduced in the rats treated with estradiol and
      the castrated male rats, but it was potentiated in the rats treated with
      testosterone and the ovariectomized female rats. These results suggest that sex
      hormones may regulate the effect of aspirin on the PGI2 production in the aorta.

PMID- 6433094
TI  - Time-dependent inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis by nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs; time-dependent alteration of inhibitory effect and
      characteristics of its active site.
AB  - The characteristics of the time-dependency of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
      (NSAIDs) and their active sites in inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity were
      investigated using bovine seminal vesicle microsomal fraction. The Hill's
      coefficients of the inhibition curve of most NSAIDs were approximately 1.0,
      except for some drugs which had Hill's coefficients that were obviously more than
      1.0. The values for indomethacin, diclofenac and flurbiprofen were approximately
      1.5, 1.7 and 2.0, respectively. A time-dependent cyclooxygenase inhibiting effect
      was observed only with the NSAIDs in the group which had Hill's coefficients that
      were significantly more than 1.0. A time-dependent increase in inhibiting
      activity of these drugs was observed by the change in the inhibition curve. Time
      dependently, the Hill's coefficient of the curve of the NSAIDs approached 1.0
      from more than 1.0. With this change, the shift of the curve to the left was also
      observed time-dependently. These changes in the curve were no longer seen when
      the Hill's coefficient dropped to 1.0. These time-dependent effects were
      protected by salicylic acid, which did not have any effect on cyclooxygenase
      activity in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that the
      two classes of NSAIDs, time-dependent and non-time-dependent, are clearly
      differentiated by the slope of the inhibition curve of NSAIDs. Furthermore, the
      present results indicate that the degree of time-dependence of the NSAIDs depends
      on the Hill's coefficient of the inhibition curve, and the value is important for
      the potency of the cyclooxygenase inhibition, in addition to the affinity for the
      catalytic site of the enzyme.

PMID- 6433095
TI  - [Studies on immune interferon production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in
      patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 6433096
TI  - [Usefulness of the drug sensitivity test for the treatment of the patients with
      cystitis in view of cost effectiveness].

PMID- 6433097
TI  - Alterations of the intestinal microflora by diet, oral antibiotics, and
      Lactobacillus: decreased production of free amines from aromatic nitro compounds,
      azo dyes, and glucuronides.
AB  - F344 rats were fed compounds containing a nitro, azo, or amine-glucuronide group
      2-nitronaphthalene (CAS: 581-89-5), 2-nitrofluorene (CAS: 607-57-8; 2-nitro-9H
      fluorene), 4-phenylazo-2-naphthol (CAS: 6410-10-2; 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-2
      naphthol), and 2-naphthylamine-N-D-glucuronide--and the formation of free amines
      was measured in the feces. The effects of diet (mean vs. grain), administration
      of antibiotic, and the feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus were evaluated. Meat
      fed rats given 2-nitronaphthalene had approximately 4 times higher concentration
      of free amines in their feces as compared to the concentration in grain-fed rats.
      In a similar experiment with 2-naphthylamine-N-D-glucuronide, the meat-fed
      animals had approximately 1.5 times more of the free amines and 50% less of the
      conjugates in their feces. When meat-fed animals were given L. acidophilus with 2
      nitrofluorene or 2-naphthylamine-N-D-glucuronide, they had significantly lower
      free amines and higher concentrations of conjugates in their feces than did the
      meat-fed controls. Similarly, erythromycin or tetracycline decreased the fecal
      amine production in meat-fed animals that had received 2-nitrofluorene or 4
      phenylazo-2-naphthol. In another experiment, erythromycin inhibited the
      production of free amines from 2-naphthylamine-N-D-glucuronide in rats fed a high
      fat diet. Studies of fecal enzymes revealed lower levels of beta-D-glucuronidase,
      nitroreductase, and azoreductase in grain-fed rats and in meat-fed animals also
      given antibiotics or lactobacilli. These experiments showed that intestinal flora
      have the ability to convert exogenously administered aromatic nitro and azo
      compounds and an amine-glucuronide compound to free amines. The rate of these
      conversions was affected by diet and by oral administration of antibiotics and
      lactobacilli.

PMID- 6433098
TI  - Renal cortical drug and xenobiotic metabolism following urinary tract
      obstruction.
AB  - Renal cortical metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics was assessed with microsomes
      prepared from normal, contralateral and 4-day postobstructive hydronephrotic
      kidneys. Microsomal mixed-function oxidase and prostaglandin H synthase systems
      were determined in control and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rabbits. Cytochrome
      P450 content and biphenyl-4-hydroxylase activity but not cytochrome c reductase
      activity were reduced in the hydronephrotic kidney. 3-Methylcholanthrene
      treatment increased cytochrome P450 content and biphenyl-4-hydroxylase and
      acetanilide-4-hydroxylase activities in normal, contralateral, and hydronephrotic
      kidneys. However, even after 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, hydronephrotic
      kidney cytochrome P450 content and acetanilide-4-hydroxylase activity were not
      more than 20% of the corresponding normal kidney values. Prostaglandin H synthase
      metabolism of benzidine was observed in the hydronephrotic kidney but was at the
      limit of detection in normal or contralateral kidneys with or without 3
      methylcholanthrene treatment. Characteristics of benzidine metabolism were
      consistent with the hydroperoxidase rather than the fatty acid cyclooxygenase
      activity of prostaglandin H synthase. Therefore, hydronephrosis alters the drug
      and xenobiotic metabolic profile of the renal cortex from a primarily mixed
      function oxidase-dependent system to one with the potential for metabolism by the
      hydroperoxide component of prostaglandin H synthase.

PMID- 6433099
TI  - Carbon dioxide removal in acetate hemodialysis: effects on acid base balance.
AB  - Studies were performed in patients on maintenance acetate hemodialysis to assess
      the quantity and processes involved in the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) during
      the treatment. For this purpose the CO2 losses from whole blood were evaluated in
      vivo using a mass balance technique. The data demonstrated that the CO2 recovered
      in the dialysate exceeded the amount calculated to have left the blood in the
      same period. This observation suggested that CO2 may be generated by the blood
      cells as they go through the dialyzer. In vitro studies confirmed this
      observation and established that the uremic blood cells can generate CO2 when
      exposed to a low PCO2 and/or HCO3. The net effect of this CO2 generation may be
      hydrogen ion gain by the patient. The contribution of ultrafiltration to the
      losses of CO2 depends on the volume of ultrafiltrate and the plasma HCO3
      concentration. The dialysance of total CO2 was found to be equal to that of urea
      nitrogen. Treatments with high urea dialysance may interfere with the acute and
      chronic correction of the acid base balance in these patients. The data presented
      suggest that multiple factors related to the removal of CO2 during acetate
      dialysis may be responsible in part for the low plasma bicarbonate observed in
      patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 6433100
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase in the human kidney: a histochemical and immunocytochemical
      study.
AB  - The intracellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase was studied in nine human
      donor kidneys by the histochemical method of Hansson and by an immunofluorescence
      technique using antisera specific against the cytoplasmic isoenzymes HCA B and
      HCA C. Only HCA C was found in the renal tubules. Convoluted proximal tubules
      showed enzyme staining at the brush border and the basolateral membranes, and in
      the cytoplasm. No staining was observed in straight proximal tubules. The initial
      part of the thin limb of Henle's loop displayed cytoplasmic staining, whereas the
      distal part was unstained in most nephrons. In the medullary ascending thick limb
      enzyme was present at apical and basolateral cell membranes as well as in the
      cytoplasm, whereas in the apical cell region of the cortical ascending thick limb
      there was no distinct staining. The cells of the macula densa showed staining
      only at the cell membranes. The distal convoluted tubule exhibited heavy staining
      in the cytoplasm and at the cell membranes. In the initial collecting tubule and
      the collecting duct very intensely stained intercalated cells were found among
      less strongly stained chief cells. In the inner medullary segment of the
      collecting duct, the staining for carbonic anhydrase gradually disappeared. Many
      peritubular capillaries showed enzyme staining, while glomerular capillaries and
      larger vessels were negative. Specific fluorescence for HCA B was observed in the
      capillary walls.

PMID- 6433101
TI  - Time-dependent changes in inner medullary plasma flow rate during potassium
      depletion.
AB  - Renal concentrating ability becomes impaired after approximately 2 weeks of
      dietary potassium (K) depletion in the rat. Since inner medullary plasma flow
      (IMPF) has been shown to be reduced after 3 weeks of K-depletion, IMPF was
      measured after 2 and 3 weeks of dietary K-deprivation to determine if the change
      in IMPF is present at the time the renal concentrating defect first appears. In
      the present study, similar reductions in maximal urine concentration were present
      in rats K-depleted for 2 and 3 weeks. IMPF measured by the 125I albumin
      accumulation method, however, was normal after 2 weeks of K-depletion (control,
      35.1 +/- 1.93 vs. K-depletion 2 weeks, 32.8 +/- 1.52 ml/min/100 g IM), and was
      reduced after 3 weeks of this dietary regime (K-depletion, 3 weeks: 13.8 +/-
      1.84). To determine the mechanism of the decrease in IMPF after 3 weeks of K
      depletion, rats were treated acutely with indomethacin. There was no significant
      change in IMPF in control or 3-week K-depleted rats following treatment with
      indomethacin. These results suggest that the reduction in medullary solute
      content after 2 weeks of K-depletion cannot be attributed to a reduction in IMPF.
      In addition, products of the cyclooxygenase enzyme systems do not appear to
      contribute in a major way to the reduction in IMPF measured after 3 weeks of
      dietary K-depletion.

PMID- 6433102
TI  - [Parenteral feeding of the newborn and young infants].

PMID- 6433103
TI  - [Titration acidity and pH of solutions used in Bulgaria for parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6433104
TI  - [Use of dibunol in the therapy of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6433105
TI  - Chromosome translocations and B cell neoplasia.

PMID- 6433106
TI  - Thymic epithelial antigen, acquired during ontogeny and defined by the anti-p19
      monoclonal antibody, is lost in thymomas.
AB  - The protein defined by the anti-p19 monoclonal antibody (raised against a 19
      kilodalton protein from human T leukemia virus) and normally acquired during the
      ontogenesis of the human thymic epithelium was studied by indirect
      immunofluorescence in thymomas and thymic hyperplasias. Hyperplastic (and
      involuted) thymuses from patients with myasthenia gravis exhibited a clear-cut
      expression of this differentiation antigen exclusively in epithelial cells, thus
      qualitatively similar to what was observed in the normal thymus. In thymoma
      epithelial cells, however, this expression was strongly altered: in the 12
      malignant thymomas studied, no anti-p19 reactivity was found. In the four benign
      cases, a variable number of epithelial cells expressed this antigen. These
      results suggest that the differentiation antigen of the human thymic epithelium
      defined by the anti-p19 monoclonal antibody is lost during the malignant
      transformation occurring in thymomas. Furthermore, this monoclonal antibody
      provides an additional tool for the study of the degree of dedifferentiation of
      thymomas.

PMID- 6433107
TI  - DRG's: cost savings or wasting.

PMID- 6433108
TI  - Analytical method for minute amounts of polychlorinated biphenyl methylsulfones
      from fatty tissue.
AB  - Five methylsulfone (MSF) derivatives of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
      containing 2 to 6 chlorine atoms were synthesized and fortified in bovine fat.
      The samples were saponified in sodium hydroxide ethanol solution, extracted with
      n-hexane after dilution with a double volume of water, and chromatographed on a
      column of silica gel eluting successively with n-hexane and 5% and 50% diethyl
      ether in n-hexane. The third eluate was partitioned between n-hexane and
      concentrated sulfuric acid and back-extracted with n-hexane from 70% sulfuric
      acid solution. The extract was further partitioned between n-hexane and 90%
      acetonitrile and back-extracted with n-hexane from 20% acetonitrile solution. The
      final extract was analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.
      Recovery of the MSF-PCBs from the bovine fat by the clean-up procedure was
      greater than 93% in most cases. The method can determine 5 ng and 100 ng each of
      the MSF-PCBs in a 5-g fatty sample with ca. 10 and 6% precision, respectively.

PMID- 6433109
TI  - The role of patient assessment in placement, level of care determination, and
      discharge planning.

PMID- 6433110
TI  - Health care for an aged population.

PMID- 6433111
TI  - Optimal intraoperative protection of myocardium distal to coronary stenoses.
AB  - Metabolic evidence of improved delivery of cardioplegic solutions by adjuvant use
      of nitroglycerin (NTG) and reinfusing these solutions distal to an obstructed
      coronary artery was sought in 40 dogs subjected to cold cardioplegic arrest. The
      left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded prior to initiating arrest
      by intra-aortic root infusion. Cardioplegic solution was reinfused with the left
      anterior descending occluded throughout ischemia (Group I), or with this artery
      reopened, to simulate a completed distal anastomosis (Group II). Serial biopsy
      specimens of the left ventricular apex were assayed for adenosine triphosphate
      and creatine phosphate, while specimens from the posterior left ventricular wall
      served as controls. Regional myocardial temperatures were recorded throughout
      ischemia. Half of the hearts in each group received 300 micrograms of
      nitroglycerin in the cardioplegic solution. Adenosine triphosphate was preserved
      in myocardium distal to a patent coronary artery whether nitroglycerin was added
      to the cardioplegic solution or not (control, control + NTG). Moreover,
      nitroglycerin did not prevent the 26% to 34% (p less than 0.05) decline in
      adenosine triphosphate levels when the left anterior descending remained
      obstructed throughout ischemia (Group I, I + NTG). However, opening the left
      anterior descending for reinfusion of cardioplegic solution allowed adenosine
      triphosphate to be preserved at end-ischemia (Group II, II + NTG). In addition,
      the metabolic reperfusion injury manifested by a 37% (p less than 0.01) decline
      in adenosine triphosphate levels after aortic unclamping (Group II) was obviated
      when nitroglycerin was added to the cardioplegic solution delivered in this
      manner (II + NTG). The depletion of cardioplegic solution stores during ischemia
      was more severe in the experimental groups than in controls (p less than 0.05).
      These metabolic changes did not correlate with regional myocardial temperature
      gradients. The data indicate that myocardium jeopardized by coronary stenoses can
      be preserved as well as myocardium supplied by a patent coronary artery by
      adjuvant use of nitroglycerin and varying the mode of delivery of the
      cardioplegic solution.

PMID- 6433112
TI  - Effect of allitridi on platelet aggregation, a preliminary study.

PMID- 6433113
TI  - Regional mapping of the human immunoglobulin lambda light chain to the
      Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - The lambda light chain immunoglobulin constant region (C lambda) locus was mapped
      on human chromosome 22. A DNA probe containing part of the C lambda locus was
      isolated from a human chromosome 22 genomic library, and a series of rodent X
      human somatic cell hybrids (each of which contained different translocated parts
      of chromosome 22) were constructed and characterized. The hybridization of the C
      lambda probe to DNA from these cell hybrids was then studied by Southern blot
      analysis. The results demonstrates that the C lambda locus is situated very close
      to the translocation breakpoint on human chromosome 22 which is characteristic of
      chronic myeloid leukaemia, and at least part if not at all of the locus is
      situated on the Philadelphia chromosome.

PMID- 6433114
TI  - Biotechnical aspects of a new hybrid artificial endocrine pancreas.

PMID- 6433115
TI  - The effect of spironolactone in hypertensive patients on regular haemodialysis
      and after renal allotransplantation.
AB  - To determine the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the
      maintenance of hypertension in patients with end stage renal disease, twenty four
      hypertensive patients were studied on regular haemodialysis treatment (RDT) and
      after successful kidney transplantation. The first group consisted of nine
      patients on RDT with their own kidneys in situ, and the second group consisted of
      nine kidney transplants. All 18 patients were given spironolactone 300 mg daily
      for three weeks following a control period of the same duration. In addition,
      three anephric patients on RDT were studied with the above protocol and three
      other patients on RDT were given the same dose for only six days. Blood pressure
      (BP), body weight, plasma K-Na, aldosterone and renin activity in all patients,
      and Na and aldosterone in urine in the second group were measured. In the first
      group of patients on RDT plasma potassium and renin activity increased
      significantly but BP remained unchanged. In the second group of transplanted
      patients plasma potassium, renin activity, and aldosterone were increased and BP
      diminished significantly. In the group of three anephric patients plasma
      potassium increased but plasma renin activity remained very low. Finally, in the
      patients on dialysis who received spironolactone for only six days there was a
      parallel increase of serum potassium and plasma renin activity. These findings
      suggest that in patients on RDT spironolactone stimulates renin secretion and
      potassium retention possibly by an effect on the remaining nephrons and/or the
      intestinal wall. On the contrary, in the transplanted patients the effect of
      spironolactone on the renal tubule is capable of producing sodium depletion and
      fall in BP.

PMID- 6433116
TI  - Relationship of haemopoietic growth factor to lymphocytes and interleukin 3: a
      short review.

PMID- 6433117
TI  - Biological and biochemical properties of lymphokines produced by the EL 4 thymoma
      cell line.

PMID- 6433118
TI  - Mast cell growth factor.

PMID- 6433119
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolites of human lymphatics.
AB  - Human lymphatics convert exogenously added 14C-arachidonic acid into PGE2, PGF2
      alpha and the main metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Thromboxane formation is
      undetectable either by radiothinlayer-chromatography or by radioimmunology. These
      data confirm and extend our earlier findings indicating an important PGI2
      synthetic mechanism in human lymphatics. Assuming that lymphatic contractility is
      regulated at least in part by thromboxane A2, we propose that this derivative of
      arachidonic acid derives from extralymphatic sources.

PMID- 6433120
TI  - Carotid sinus hypersensitivity and syncope.
AB  - The patient with a hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex and syncope may pose
      special challenges in evaluation and treatment. Specifically, although the
      finding of carotid sinus hypersensitivity may indeed indicate an exaggerated
      vagal tone that causes syncope, it may also be a chance association in a patient
      with syncope due to another cause. Careful clinical and electrophysiologic
      testing may be needed to distinguish these two possibilities. Furthermore, the
      need for drug therapy or cardiac pacing (or both) must be determined on an
      individual basis, depending on the relative contributions of cardioinhibitory and
      vasodepressor components to the patient's symptoms and also on the degree of
      patient limitation.

PMID- 6433121
TI  - The effect of a Medicaid drug copayment program on the utilization and cost of
      prescription services.
AB  - The effect of a copayment for pharmaceutical services in a Medicaid program is
      presented. Data were collected from Medicaid claim files in South Carolina
      (experimental program) and Tennessee (control program) for a 4-year period, 1976
      1979. Utilization rates and expenditures for 1 year prior to copayment and 3
      years after copayment were computed from a stratified sample of 18 counties. Both
      the level of prescriptions per eligible recipient and the slope of the
      utilization function after copayment were found to have declined with the
      implementation of copayment in South Carolina. The level of the expenditure
      series after copayment also declined, but the series retained a positive trend.
      Subsequent analysis of prescription quantity concluded that the increasing
      expenditure function was attributed to the inflation in cost of ingredients
      rather than an increase in average prescription size. The study concluded that a
      small (50) copayment for prescription service is a successful mechanism to
      control the cost and assist in financing a Medicaid prescription drug program.

PMID- 6433122
TI  - Arachidonic acid cascade and anti-hypoxic drugs.
AB  - The anti-hypoxic effect of drugs that inhibit different steps of arachidonic acid
      metabolism was studied using an experimental model of acute hypobaric hypoxia in
      mice. The drugs investigated were chloroquine, betamethasone, chlorpromazine
      (phospholipase A2 inhibitors), ketoprofen (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) and
      imidazole (TxA2 synthetase inhibitor). Prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGF2 alpha were
      also studied. The results show that all the inhibitors of arachidonic acid
      metabolism manifest an anti-hypoxic effect of a various degree. PGF2 alpha had a
      deleterious effect, and PGI2 showed a marked anti-hypoxic effect. The results
      suggest that it is advantageous to search for anti-hypoxic drugs among the
      blockers of arachidonic acid cascade.

PMID- 6433123
TI  - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticula--a rare cause of a common disease].

PMID- 6433124
TI  - [Gonococcal endocarditis--continued occurrence of sporadic cases].

PMID- 6433125
TI  - [Experiences with heart-lung transplants at Stanford].

PMID- 6433126
TI  - Nonspecific necrotizing petrositis: an unusual complication of otitis in
      children.
AB  - Three cases of an unusual form of suppurative chronic otitis media in children 2
      and 3 years old are presented. The clinical feature common to all cases was
      otorrhea, beginning at the first months of life, with a silent evolution to a
      complete peripheral facial paralysis. In one case the facial paralysis was
      bilateral. The treatment applied was surgical: subtotal petrosectomy. The
      surgical findings were bloody granulation tissue, sequestering completely the
      otic capsule. The facial nerve was destroyed almost the total length of the
      Fallopian canal in all cases. The histopathologic examination revealed a
      destructive and nonspecific chronic inflammatory process. The culture showed Gram
      negative organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis.
      Etiologic aspects involved in the process are discussed and the name non-specific
      necrotizing petrositis is suggested to individualize this rare form of otitis
      which, with morbidity, leads to severe complications such as facial paralysis and
      deafness.

PMID- 6433127
TI  - Radiotherapy in sarcoidosis of the larynx: case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Sarcoidosis infrequently involves the larynx, but resultant airway obstruction
      will often prompt the need for therapeutic intervention. Systemic and
      intralesional corticosteroids as well as various surgical approaches have been
      advocated. We report a case of a 36-year-old man with biopsy proven laryngeal
      sarcoidosis. The patient became refractory to corticosteroids and was treated
      with megavoltage radiotherapy as an alternative to tracheostomy. A gradual and
      complete clinical recovery was observed. The radiation techniques are presented,
      and the literature regarding laryngeal sarcoidosis is reviewed. Megavoltage
      radiotherapy is a viable treatment option in this disorder.

PMID- 6433128
TI  - [Diet and secondary immunodeficiencies in children].

PMID- 6433129
TI  - A decrease in thymus-mediated immune responses as a result of treatment of
      neonatal rats with glutamate.
AB  - We investigated whether administration of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) to
      neonatal rats would disrupt immune responses in intact and orchidectomized adult
      male rats. Neonatal male rats were treated with saline or MSG which causes severe
      endocrine abnormalities. Half of each group of animals were orchidectomized as
      adults and killed one week later along with intact rats. MSG treatment resulted
      in suppressed serum LH levels in intact rats. Thymus weight and spleen
      cellularity in intact animals were not affected by MSG treatment, but thymus
      weight increased within one week after orchidectomy in both saline- and MSG
      treated groups. In intact rats, lymphocyte stimulation by the T cell specific
      mitogens (concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin) or the B cell specific mitogen
      (lipopolysaccharide) was unaffected by prior treatment with MSG. However, MSG
      treatment blocked the decrease attributable to orchidectomy in concanavalin A and
      phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis. The results suggest
      that administration of MSG to neonatal male rats can alter some immune responses
      in the adult animal.

PMID- 6433130
TI  - Cyclic response of hypophysectomized rats to ovulation induced by LHRH agonist:
      mediation by prostaglandins.
AB  - Further confirmation that the LHRH/LHRH agonist-induced ovulation in the
      hypophysectomized (hypx) rat is due to a direct ovarian effect and not mediated
      by LH release from residual pituitary tissue or other CNS sites is provided by
      the persistence of this effect despite concomitant median eminence lesion or
      passive immunization to LH. Adrenalectomy did not affect the ovulatory activity
      of the LHRH agonist, D-Trp6-N alpha MeLeu7-DesGly10-Pro9-NHEt-LHRH (Wy-40,972),
      in the hypx rat. Prior administration of a potent LHRH antagonist blocked
      ovulation induced in hypx proestrous rats by Wy-40,972 but not by LH-S19.
      Ovulation can be induced by Wy-40,972 one day earlier (e.g. metestrus) in the
      intact rat than it can in the hypx rat. Results in the hypx metestrous rat
      indicate that the ovulatory responsiveness of the intact rat at this stage of the
      cycle may occur by complementary action of Wy-40,972-stimulated endogenous LH
      release and a direct ovarian effect of the agonist. Prostaglandins (PG) are
      involved in the ovulatory mechanism of Wy-40,972 in the hypx proestrous rat as
      evidenced by the dose-dependent inhibition of this effect by PG synthetase
      inhibitors, indomethacin and Fentiazac. Moreover, there were significant
      increases in ovarian concentrations of PGF2 alpha and PGE2-PGE1 in response to Wy
      40,972 that could be prevented by indomethacin. However, exogenous administration
      of either of these PG's was not effective in inducing ovulation in the hypx rat.

PMID- 6433131
TI  - Analgesic effects of ethylketocyclazocine and morphine in rat and toad.
AB  - We have previously found rat and toad (Bufo marinus) brain to contain inverse
      ratios of benzomorphan-preferring (kappa/sigma) and morphine-preferring (mu)
      opioid receptor types. The aim of the present study was to compare in vivo
      pharmacologic activity of a benzomorphan, ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and morphine
      sulfate (MS) in rat and toad. Footshock intensity thresholds for eliciting
      locomotion were determined and dose-response curves for EKC and MS analgesia were
      obtained. Drugs were injected subcutaneously. In rats (high mu, low kappa in
      brain), both compounds produced analgesia and displayed similar sensitivity to
      naloxone antagonism. The analgesic effects of EKC and MS may, therefore, be
      mediated by a common receptor type (mu) in this pain test in rats. In toads (high
      kappa, low mu in brain), MS produced naloxone-reversible analgesia at doses 20
      fold higher than were effective in rats. Toads did not display EKC analgesia at
      doses below those producing motor impairment. Moreover, 50-fold higher doses were
      required to produce such impairment in toads. Thirty minutes following
      subcutaneous injection of 3H-EKC, similar concentrations were found in rat and
      toad brain. Uptake into brain is probably not a factor in the behavioral
      resistance of toads to EKC.

PMID- 6433132
TI  - Continuing education for community health nurses.

PMID- 6433133
TI  - Prevention and management of varicella in high-risk individuals.

PMID- 6433134
TI  - Children still aren't being buckled up.

PMID- 6433135
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring for sick neonates.

PMID- 6433136
TI  - Pregnancy and the underweight woman.

PMID- 6433137
TI  - Diagnosing and managing type I and type III glycogen storage diseases.

PMID- 6433138
TI  - MCN keys to research. Determining relationships.

PMID- 6433139
TI  - Phenobarbital for neonatal seizures.

PMID- 6433140
TI  - Feasibility of willingness-to-pay measurement in chronic arthritis.
AB  - Quantification of nonmonetary aspects of disease is a major challenge for
      economic analysts. Using the amounts of money recipients are willing to pay for
      nonmonetary benefits has theoretical appeal, but it has proven difficult to
      implement. Difficulties encountered include noncomprehension by subjects,
      misrepresentation of preferences, extraneous determinants of answers, and ethical
      concerns. In a preliminary exploration of feasibility, 184 patients with
      osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were asked their willingness to pay (WTP)
      for hypothetical complete cure. With minimal pressure put on the patients to
      respond, 27 percent gave plausible answers. People with more schooling, with paid
      employment, or who were having more treatments for their arthritis were more
      likely to respond. Patients were willing on average to pay 17 percent of family
      income for arthritis cure. Methods for measuring WTP are being strengthened and
      may soon play an important role in health services research.

PMID- 6433141
TI  - [Function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian system during radiotherapy of
      patients with cervical cancer].
AB  - Radioimmunoassay of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian interrelationships was
      performed in 87 patients with cervical cancer and 37 practically healthy women.
      The patients were examined before concomitant radiation therapy, after
      administration of the half dose to the focus, immediately after irradiation and 3
      12 mos. and 2-5 yrs. after it. The basal level of the follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol as well as their response
      to the administration of the releasing factor of the hypothalamus (luliberin)
      were studied. Some disorders that manifested themselves in the decreased level of
      estradiol, were established in the patients with cervical cancer even before
      irradiation. Concomitant radiation therapy resulted in pronounced changes in the
      activities of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian system that manifested
      themselves in the lowered rate of LH increment in response to the administration
      of luliberin and the absence of estradiol response to the load. These changes
      persisted long after the termination of concomitant radiation therapy.

PMID- 6433142
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of human hydatidosis. Detection of anti-antigen 5 antibodies by
      the electrosyneresis test in cellulose acetate].

PMID- 6433143
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia with lambda light chain. Presentation of a case with
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructure study of the spleen].

PMID- 6433144
TI  - [Possible use of tissue amastigotes of T. cruzi for serological
      immunofluorescence tests].

PMID- 6433145
TI  - Complement deficiency states and infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and
      consequences of neisserial and other infections in an immune deficiency.
AB  - Inherited deficiencies of the complement proteins are rare in unselected
      populations. Examination of patients with the clinical correlates of complement
      deficiency (autoimmune disease and certain bacterial infections) shows the
      frequency of inherited complement deficiency to rise enormously (5.9% of patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus, 10 to 25% of adults with sporadic
      meningococcal disease). Autoimmune diseases of all types, but especially systemic
      lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus and glomerulonephritis, are seen in all
      categories of complement deficiency, most typically in those of the early
      classical pathway (C1, C4, C2). Pneumococcal infections are characteristic of
      deficiencies of the early classical pathway, as well. Deficiencies of C3 are
      associated with severe disease including autoimmune phenomena, pneumococcal and
      neisserial infections. C3-deficient patients become ill substantially earlier in
      life. Infections with N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae are most typical of the
      late component deficiencies, with over 40% of homozygotes affected. Despite the
      presence of this deficiency from birth and the peak age-specific incidence of
      meningococcal disease in the general population at ages 3-8 months, the median
      age of first infection in the late component-deficient patients is 17 years.
      Relapse of infection is ten times more common in these patients, and discrete
      recurrences are seen in 45% of affected individuals. An unusual and unexplained
      predilection for infection with serogroup Y N. meningitidis exists. Despite an
      immune deficiency, and problems with ascertainment bias, it appears that persons
      with late component complement deficiency enjoy less mortality than normals who
      contract meningococcal disease. Attempts to explain the pathogenesis of
      neisserial infection in late component deficiencies have focused on the concept
      that normally non-pathogenic serum-sensitive bacteria are etiologic in the
      absence of serum bactericidal activity. Data to support this concept remain to be
      developed and contrary data exist. A separate mechanism may predispose properdin
      deficient patients to meningococcal infection, since they appear to develop
      fulminant infections with high mortality.

PMID- 6433146
TI  - Preliminary report: kinetic studies on the modulation of high-density
      lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and subfraction metabolism by sex steroids in a
      postmenopausal woman.
AB  - To investigate the effects of estrogens and androgens on the metabolism of high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL), a normolipidemic
      postmenopausal woman was studied under the following conditions: (1) during
      supplementation with ethinyl estradiol (0.06 mg/d); (2) without sex steroid
      therapy; (3) during treatment with stanozolol, an androgenic, anabolic steroid (6
      mg/d). During these manipulations HDL and LDL cholesterol levels fluctuated
      widely but reciprocally: during estrogen supplementation HDL increased while LDL
      decreased; during stanozolol HDL-C decreased while LDL-C increased. Simultaneous
      changes in post-heparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase activity paralleled
      those of LDL (and opposed those of HDL), decreasing with estrogen and increasing
      with stanozolol. During all three phases, autologous 125I-HDL turnover studies
      disclosed similarities between HDL2 and apolipoprotein A-I metabolism and between
      HDL3 and apolipoprotein A-II metabolism. In the untreated state the residence
      times of HDL2 and apo A-I were only half those of HDL3 and apo A-II. During
      estrogen treatment HDL2 and apo A-I, residence times were selectively prolonged,
      coming to resemble those of HDL3 and apo A-II, which remained unchanged. By
      contrast, during stanozolol treatment HDL3 and apo A-II residence times were
      selectively reduced, coming to resemble those of HDL2 and apo A-I, which remained
      unchanged. Apo A-I levels increased on estrogen and decreased on stanozolol,
      while apo A-II remained stable. Hence, estrogen increased HDL primarily by
      retarding the catabolism of the HDL2 subfraction rich in apo A-I, whereas
      stanozolol decreased HDL by accelerating the catabolism of HDL3, relatively rich
      in apo A-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433147
TI  - Successful intracerebral allotransplantation of pancreatic endocrine cells in
      spontaneous diabetic BB rats without immunosuppression.
AB  - An approach for pancreatic-islet transplantation in the spontaneous diabetic Bio
      Breeding (BB) Wistar rat is described in which purified allogeneic pancreatic
      endocrine cells (PEC) are inoculated intracerebrally in the diabetic recipients.
      Without immunosuppression, 12/12 of the recipient animals responded to the
      transplanted PEC with no further need of insulin administration. Also, 8/12
      showed normalization of nonfasting blood glucose (BG), 24-hour urine output, and
      gradual increase in body weight (BW) for a mean observation period of over 122.1
      +/- 13.6 days. They had a glucose disappearance K rate of 1.7 +/- 0.3 (mean +/-
      SE), following intravenous (IV) glucose load. The grafted PEC remain functional
      and apparently are not affected by the usual immunorejection and/or original
      disease process during the whole period of observation. This achievement of long
      term allograft function without immunosuppression would provide an opportunity to
      study the recurrence of diabetes and the effect of islet-cell transplantation in
      chronic diabetic complication in the spontaneous diabetic BB rat model which
      closely resembles human type 1 diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6433148
TI  - Calculation of short-term changes in body fat from measurement of respiratory gas
      exchange.
AB  - A method is presented where the gain in body fat of patients receiving
      intravenous nutrition (IVN) may be computed using indirect calorimetry. When
      patients are administered their nutritional requirements soley in the form of
      glucose and amino acids, metabolism of these will result in changes in the
      exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Since net fat synthesis results in the
      production of excess carbon dioxide whereas degradation results in a net
      reduction in the production of carbon dioxide, changes in RQ will reflect
      underlying changes in net fat balance. A correction may be applied to these
      measurements to allow for net protein balance. The basic equations and
      stoichiometry for the synthesis of tripalmitin from glucose are shown together
      with the derivation of the formulae that enable the calculation of fat changes to
      be made. A group of 13 patients was used to assess the technique and given energy
      at 1.5 times resting metabolic expenditure together with adequate nitrogen as
      amino acids to maintain protein balance. The patients were monitored daily in the
      resting state and fed at a constant rate so that errors due to discontinuous
      intake or exercise were avoided. The group was found to gain 874 +/- 243 g fat
      during the 14 day study. Although individual changes of fat in patients ranged
      from -169 to +2487 g, net synthesis of fat was found in ten of them. It is
      suggested that indirect calorimetry is useful not only in the assessment of
      actual expenditure in patients but can also be used to quantify the fate of
      administered fuels during intravenous nutrition.

PMID- 6433149
TI  - Immunoglobulin allotype markers and HLA DR genes in type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Although it is now well established that insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes
      mellitus is closely associated with genes of the HLA-DR locus, the genetics of
      the disease remains an area of controversy. It is generally believed that the HLA
      linked diabetes genes provide the majority of disease susceptibility to type I
      diabetes, however, there is some evidence for the existence of other non-HLA
      linked genetic loci predisposing to this disorder. Therefore, allotypes of the Gm
      (immunoglobulin heavy chain) locus on chromosome 14 and of Km (immunoglobulin
      light chain) locus on chromosome 2 were studied in 180 caucasoid type I diabetic
      patients. No association between immunoglobulin allotype markers and the whole
      group of type I diabetes could be observed. However, a particular immunoglobulin
      allotype, G1m(a), and a particular Gm immunoglobulin phenotype (a-x-f+b+) showed
      a significant heterogeneity within the diabetics subdivided by HLA-DR type. The
      data of this study support the concept that (1) the genes in the HLA region
      provide the majority of, but not the only, genetic susceptibility to type I
      diabetes mellitus and (2) Gm-associated genes could interact with these
      susceptibility genes at least in the DR3+4 heterozygote type I diabetics. Further
      studies should be undertaken in order to elucidate a possible role of these
      factors in the humoral immune response of type I diabetics and their families.

PMID- 6433150
TI  - Decreased free fraction of serum thyroid hormones during carbohydrate
      overfeeding.
AB  - The impact of the increased T3 production induced by overfeeding is likely to be
      lessened if overfeeding also decreases the free fraction of thyroid hormones.
      Therefore, we examined the effect of 17 to 20 days of carbohydrate overfeeding of
      five men on total serum T4 and T3 concentrations, the free fraction of these
      hormones, and serum concentrations of thyroid-hormone binding proteins, TBG,
      TBPA, and albumin. Total serum T4 concentrations were unchanged by overfeeding
      and total serum T3 concentrations increased 42%. However, the free fraction of
      both T4 and T3 decreased during the overfeeding period, so that free T3
      concentrations increased only 21% and free T4 concentrations decreased 17%. There
      was an increase in serum concentrations of both TBG (12%) and TBPA (20%), but no
      change in the concentration of albumin. We conclude that there is an increase in
      free T3 concentrations during overfeeding, in spite of a decrease in the free
      fraction of T3. However, the physiological effects of this increase in free T3
      concentrations may be diminished by the decrease in free T4 concentrations.

PMID- 6433151
TI  - A non-homogeneous Markov chain model for follow-up studies with application to
      epilepsy.

PMID- 6433152
TI  - Physical structure and genetic expression of the sulfonamide-resistance plasmid
      pLS80 and its derivatives in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The 10-kb chromosomal fragment of Streptococcus pneumoniae cloned in pLS80
      contains the sul-d allele of the pneumococcal gene for dihydropteroate synthase.
      As a single copy in the chromosome this allele confers resistance to
      sulfanilamide at 0.2 mg/ml; in the multicopy plasmid it confers resistance to 2.0
      mg/ml. The sul-d mutation was mapped by restriction analysis to a 0.4-kb region.
      By the mechanism of chromosomal facilitation, in which the chromosome restores
      information to an entering plasmid fragment, a BamHI fragment missing the sul-d
      region of pLS80 established the full-sized plasmid, but with the sul-s allele of
      the recipient chromosome. A spontaneous deletion beginning approximately 1.5 kb
      to the right of the sul-d mutation prevented gene function, possibly by removing
      a promoter. This region could be restored by chromosomal facilitation and be
      demonstrated in the plasmid by selection for sulfonamide resistance. Under
      selection for a vector marker, tetracycline resistance, only the deleted plasmid
      was detectable, apparently as a result of plasmid segregation and the
      advantageous growth rates of cells with smaller plasmids. When such cells were
      selected for sulfonamide resistance, the deleted region returned to the plasmid,
      presumably by equilibration between the chromosome and the plasmid pool, to give
      a low frequency (approximately 10(-3) of cells resistant to sulfanilamide at 2.0
      mg/ml. Models for the mechanisms of chromosomal facilitation and equilibration
      are proposed. Several derivatives of pLS80 could be transferred to Bacillus
      subtilis, where they conferred resistance to sulfanilamide at 2 mg/ml, thereby
      demonstrating cross-species expression of the pneumococcal gene.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433153
TI  - Functional substitution of the recE gene of Bacillus subtilis by the recA gene of
      Proteus mirabilis.
AB  - Rec mutants of Bacillus subtilis have been tested for complementation by the recA
      gene of Proteus mirabilis (recApm) which was introduced into B. subtilis via the
      plasmid pHP334. In the recE4 mutant of B. subtilis the plasmid pHP334 restored
      significantly the defects in RecE functions tested: UV-sensitivity, homologous
      recombination (transduction and transformation) and prophage induction. Although
      serological methods to detect the presence of RecApm protein in B. subtilis have
      been unsuccessful, our results strongly indicate that the recE function of B.
      subtilis is analogous to the recA function of P. mirabilis.

PMID- 6433154
TI  - Sexual expression and its determinants in the post-menopausal woman.
AB  - Anatomic, hormonal, psychosocial and psychosexual variables of sexual expression
      were evaluated in 69 non-patient post-menopausal women. Subjects received a 2-h
      individually administered interview, a gynecologic examination with subjective
      scoring of vaginal atrophy, and serum determinations of estrone, estradiol, and
      androstenedione, testosterone, FSH and LH. Sexual repertoire of the 34 coitally
      active (coitus greater than 3 X monthly) was compared to the 29 coitally inactive
      (coitus less than 10 X yearly) subjects. The majority of subjects engaged in
      traditional sexual activities, with emphasis on physical affection and coitus.
      The active and inactive women were similar on all demographic variables except
      family income and weight/height ratio. The inactive women were slightly more
      obese and had lower incomes. Post-menopausal patterns of sexual activity
      correlated with post-menopausal sexual expression as did partner availability and
      function. The active women had a significantly higher LH level. No correlation
      was found between current or ideal sexual frequency and androgen or estrogen
      levels.

PMID- 6433155
TI  - Third party reimbursement. Nursing: a cost-effective alternative. Michigan Nurses
      Association.

PMID- 6433156
TI  - Immune interferon production by TH69, a lyophilized preparation of Streptococcus
      faecalis, in murine spleen cell cultures.
AB  - In mouse spleen cell cultures, TH69, a live Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 31663)
      preparation, at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml induced immune interferon
      (IFN gamma) with molecular weight ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 daltons together
      with a small amount of IFN alpha/beta. By using nonsensitized mouse spleen cells,
      the fact that both T-cells and macrophages are required for this IFN production
      was established. When these spleen cells were obtained from mice sensitized 12
      days earlier with 4 mg of TH69, twice as much IFN was produced than in cells
      obtained from nonsensitized mice. This increase was explained by the presence of
      both sensitized macrophages and T-cells in a reconstitution experiment.

PMID- 6433157
TI  - Mianserin. An example of balancing benefits and risks in therapy.

PMID- 6433158
TI  - Glyburide and glipizide.

PMID- 6433159
TI  - Effects of culture media on inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by normal human
      saliva.

PMID- 6433160
TI  - The DRG experience in New Jersey.

PMID- 6433161
TI  - Delta hepatitis--Massachusetts.

PMID- 6433162
TI  - Outbreak of diarrhea linked to dietetic candies--New Hampshire.

PMID- 6433163
TI  - Measles--United States, first 26 weeks, 1984.

PMID- 6433164
TI  - Salmonellosis from inadequately pasteurized milk--Kentucky.

PMID- 6433166
TI  - Diarrheal diseases control program: global activities, 1983.

PMID- 6433165
TI  - Outbreaks of respiratory illness among employees in large office buildings-
      Tennessee, District of Columbia.

PMID- 6433167
TI  - Influenza--southern hemisphere, Asia, the tropics, 1984.

PMID- 6433168
TI  - Trichinosis--Texas.

PMID- 6433169
TI  - Heat-related mortality--Latium Region, Italy, summer 1983.

PMID- 6433170
TI  - Chronic diarrhea associated with raw milk consumption--Minnesota.

PMID- 6433171
TI  - Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--United States, 1983-1984.

PMID- 6433172
TI  - Mumps--United States, 1983-1984.

PMID- 6433173
TI  - Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever--Republic of South Africa.

PMID- 6433174
TI  - Behavioral risk factor surveillance, 1981-1983.

PMID- 6433175
TI  - Plague in the United States, 1983.

PMID- 6433176
TI  - Maternal mortality surveillance, 1974-1978.

PMID- 6433177
TI  - Dengue in the United States, 1982.

PMID- 6433178
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric sequelae following severe brain injuries in childhood and
      adolescence].

PMID- 6433179
TI  - [Artificial respiration of newborn infants. Definition, monitoring and
      possibilities for errors].

PMID- 6433180
TI  - [Pediatric surgical aspects of pre- and postoperative intensive therapy in the
      neonatal period].

PMID- 6433181
TI  - [Prognostic values of the determination of sleep-related gonadotropin rhythm in
      delayed puberty].
AB  - Sleep-related gonadotropin rhythms are specific for puberty. Sleep-dependent
      increases of prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
      hormone (LH) were studied in 6 boys and 1 girl with constitutional delay of
      growth and puberty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether
      gonadotropin rhythms occur in the same hormonal sequence in children with
      constitutional delay of puberty as in normal children. At the onset of puberty a
      sleep-related FSH increase was detectable, followed by LH-rhythms 1 to 2 years
      later. The findings of a sleep-dependent FSH increase excludes a hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism and triggers the development of secondary sex characteristics.

PMID- 6433182
TI  - [Clinical aspects of gastro-colic fistula in the neonatal period].
AB  - A gastrocolic fistula in a newborn was caused iatrogenicly by a feeding tube, and
      treated by resection of the fistula. This case is discussed with regard to the
      literature.

PMID- 6433183
TI  - [Sequelae of craniocerebral injuries in children].

PMID- 6433184
TI  - Mutagenicity to Salmonella of the mono methylamino and N-cyanoethyl analogues of
      4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) and 6-dimethylaminophenylazobenzthiazole (6BT).
AB  - Replacement of one of the methyl groups of the carcinogens 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) and 6-dimethylaminophenylazobenzthiazole (6BT) with
      a cyanoethyl (-CH2CH2CN) substituent dramatically increases their mutagenic
      potency to Salmonella (strain TA98). The corresponding monomethylamino
      derivatives (-NHCH3) are more mutagenic than the parent dimethylamino [-N(CH3)2]
      compounds, but substantially less mutagenic than the cyanoethyl derivatives. All
      of these mutagenic activities are liver-S-9-dependent. The very similar dose
      response curves observed for the two cyanoethyl compounds argues for the
      formation of a common electrophilic intermediate from each.

PMID- 6433185
TI  - Stage-specific induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in utero.
AB  - In order to correlate the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) to
      biological endpoints, and elucidate aspects of this relationships, 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), chemicals
      with different biological actions at different stages in development, have been
      evaluated for their ability to induce SCE at different gestational ages in the
      Sprague-Dawley rat. Transplacental exposure to these agents was accomplished by a
      recently developed intraperitoneal infusion technique to replenish metabolically
      degraded 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine used for SCE visualization. Maternal bone marrow
      and whole fetal tissue, fetal liver and fetal brain were compared. Day-9 embryo
      was found to be very sensitive to the effects of both agents, with the ability to
      induce SCE declining in development in whole fetus and fetal organs. The
      embryotoxic effects of the agents seem to be ones best correlated with the
      capacity of the agents to induce SCE. Also, fetal liver is more sensitive than
      fetal brain to the effects of DMBA compared with MMS, suggesting fetal metabolic
      activation may have occurred. Measurement of the amount of radiolabelled DMBA
      reaching the fetal tissue used to estimate SCE indicates that the amount of
      chemical reaching the fetus does not account for the increased sensitivity,
      especially at Day 9. Some factor(s) in development, such as differentiation
      stage, rather than the fetal accessibility to chemical, seem to be important in
      the induction of SCE in utero.

PMID- 6433186
TI  - Lethal mutations induced in Drosophila melanogaster by direct or indirect action
      of pteridines.
AB  - The experiments described in this paper show that synthetic pteridines,
      especially biopterin and pterin, injected directly into Drosophila melanogaster
      induce recessive lethals. On the contrary, D-neopterin seems to have little
      effect. A mutagenic effect has previously been shown for an extract of Pieris
      brassicae in diapause, treated with these pteridines and tetrahydrofolic acid
      (FH4). It appears that chromosome II is more sensitive to these mutagenic
      treatments than chromosome X.

PMID- 6433187
TI  - Effect of L-ethionine on spontaneous and MMC-induced SCEs in G0 and G1 human
      lymphocytes under liquid-holding recovery conditions.
AB  - L-Ethionine is an ethyl analogue of the amino acid, methionine, well known as a
      carcinogen but not as a mutagen. Its activity is clearly related to its capacity
      to hypomethylate DNA and RNA. At a final concentration of 5 mM, L-ethionine
      completely inhibits DNA synthesis in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes, probably
      acting on a methylation reaction critical for the initiation of the S phase. This
      block can be reversed. Utilizing this capacity of L-ethionine to block cell
      proliferation, we have studied the influence of G0 and G1 repair of premutational
      damage (PMD) (equivalent to liquid-holding recovery in bacteria) on spontaneous
      and MMC-induced SCEs in human lymphocytes. Our results clearly show that L
      ethionine in our experimental conditions significantly increases the frequencies
      of spontaneous and MMC-induced SCEs. In view of the hypomethylating activity of
      the analogue, we hypothesize that this action at the replication fork level may
      increase the error-prone ligation of unrepaired lesions, thus influencing the
      frequency of occurrence of SCEs.

PMID- 6433188
TI  - SCE frequencies in lymphocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
AB  - The frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was investigated in peripheral
      lymphocytes of lupus erythematosus patients and compared with values obtained for
      healthy controls. Irrespective of the kind of medical treatment, an increased
      level of spontaneously occurring SCEs could be demonstrated in lupus patients. In
      addition to spontaneously occurring SCEs, mitomycin C (MMC)-induced SCEs were
      evaluated. No difference between patients and controls was found with respect to
      MMC-induced SCEs.

PMID- 6433189
TI  - Morphological and cytogenetic studies of dominant lethality induced by mitomycin
      C and cyclophosphamide in female germ cells. The use of Robertsonian
      translocations as a 'marker system' to identify the zygote pronuclei.
AB  - Dominant lethal tests were performed on female mice injected intraperitoneally
      with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) or with mitomycin C (0.2 or 5 mg/kg) at the
      preovulatory stage of oogenesis. Complementary experiments were undertaken to
      clarify the results obtained. Embryo culture showed that sterility found after
      treatment with cyclophosphamide or with the high dose of mitomycin C was the
      reflection of true dominant lethal effects. Mortality after cyclophosphamide
      treatment occurred predominantly at the 2- and 3-cell stages, while it was
      reported in all preimplantation stages after treatment with the high dose of
      mitomycin C. Embryos treated with the low dose of mitomycin C developed normally
      to the blastocyst stage, confirming the absence of preimplantation effects found
      with this dose in the dominant lethal test. Cytogenetic analysis of female
      pronuclei at the first cleavage division were performed after mating treated
      females with males homozygous for one Robertsonian translocation. This method
      allowed one to distinguish easily the female pronuclei from the male ones, which
      exhibited one translocated 'marker' chromosome. After treatment with
      cyclophosphamide, most female pronuclei showed multiple chromatid exchanges or
      shattering of the entire genome. After treatment with the high dose of mitomycin
      C, various types of premature chromosome condensation were found, and they were
      often accompanied by important interchromosome associations. After treatment with
      the low dose of mitomycin C, no structural chromosome aberrations were found, and
      the number of numerical anomalies was not significantly different from that found
      in control embryos. These last results suggest that the increase in rate of
      postimplantation loss obtained in the dominant lethal test with the low dose of
      mitomycin C was not due to clastogenic effects of this compound in the female
      germ cells, but rather to indirect effects on the maternal organism.

PMID- 6433190
TI  - Expression of the SOS response following simultaneous treatment with methyl
      nitrosoguanidine and mitomycin C in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Simultaneous treatment of Escherichia coli cultures with methyl-nitrosoguanidine
      and mitomycin C induces recA-dependent inhibition of respiration but not
      inhibition of cell division. This pattern of SOS functions expression is the same
      as that is found following treatment with methyl-nitrosoguanidine alone and
      contrary to the pattern induced after mitomycin C addition. The same result is
      obtained when a culture of E. coli RecA441 (formerly tif) is shifted to 42
      degrees C and treated simultaneously with methyl-nitrosoguanidine. The suppressor
      effect of this compound over the pattern of SOS functions expression induced by
      mitomycin C or high temperature in recA441 mutants is directly related to the
      increase in its dose. Moreover, the division temperature-sensitive mutant ftsA
      treated with methyl-nitrosoguanidine and high temperature does not show any
      decrease in its normal filamentous growth when cultured at 42 degrees C. This
      indicates that the effect of methyl-nitrosoguanidine on the recA-independent
      inhibition of cell division is not due to any indiscriminate effect of this
      compound over the division process. These results suggest that the specific kind
      of lesion caused in DNA is very important in determining which SOS function is
      induced.

PMID- 6433191
TI  - Mutagenic activation of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole(Trp-P-1) and
      3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-2) by primary cultures of adult
      rat hepatocytes: effect of Aroclor induction in vitro.
AB  - The mutagenic activation of tryptophan pyrolysis products, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2,
      was studied in a Salmonella TA98/hepatocyte mutagenesis assay. Adult rat
      hepatocytes in primary culture were either untreated or induced by the addition
      of Aroclor 1254 (2 micrograms/ml) 18-20 h before the mutagenesis test which was
      performed at day 1 and at day 2 after the isolation of hepatocytes. The mutagenic
      activation of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 was studied as a function of the time of
      incubation and of the concentration of chemical. Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 incubated
      for 20 min in the presence of untreated hepatocytes and bacteria gave rise to a
      weak number of revertants which doubled the level of spontaneous mutants. Aroclor
      induced hepatocytes became highly competent in mutagenic activation of tryptophan
      pyrolysis products and the induction ratio reached 4.9 and 7.1 for Trp-P-1 and
      Trp-P-2, respectively, after 60 min of incubation, on day 2 of the experiment. It
      should be noted that the induction ratio was higher on day 2 than on day 1. When
      conditions were standardized, i.e. Aroclor-induced hepatocytes on day 2, final
      concentration of cellular protein about 1 mg/ml, 20 min of incubation, the
      Salmonella/hepatocyte assay produced a linear concentration-dependent mutagenic
      response for Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2. By comparing the results obtained with Aroclor
      induced hepatocytes and Aroclor-induced liver S9 fraction in the Salmonella test,
      it could be estimated that hepatocytes were 3 times less active than the S9
      fraction with regard to mutagenic activation of both Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2.

PMID- 6433192
TI  - Lack of mutagenicity of diphenylhydantoin in in vitro short-term tests.
AB  - The mutagenicity of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and its major metabolite, 5-(p
      hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), has been re-evaluated by the Ames test
      using Salmonella typhimurium and, for DPH only, by an in vitro cytogenetic test
      with human lymphocytes and a turbidimetric assay of tubulin polymerization. As
      negative results were obtained in all test systems used here, one has to conclude
      that DPH is devoid of mutagenic properties.

PMID- 6433193
TI  - Toxicity of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in Chinese hamster ovary cells: influence of
      cell density and of position in the cell cycle.
AB  - Various factors influencing toxicity of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells were determined. Cell density during 4-NQO treatment
      and volume of treatment medium had a great effect on cell survival indicating
      that not the 4-NQO concentration per se, but the amount of 4-NQO per cell
      determines the toxic effect. When the cell-cycle response for 4-NQO-induced cell
      killing was measured in synchronous cells, a characteristic age response was seen
      in wild-type cells with greatly increased sensitivity in late G1 to early S and
      resistance increasing through the S-phase. In contrast, a UV-hypersensitive
      mutant, which is also more sensitive to 4-NQO showed only minor cell-cycle
      variations in its response to 4-NQO. Therefore, it appears that the cell-cycle
      pattern observed in the wild-type cells is associated with DNA repair.

PMID- 6433194
TI  - Prevention of cyclical attacks of acute intermittent porphyria with a long-acting
      agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

PMID- 6433195
TI  - Lithium increases platelet count.

PMID- 6433196
TI  - Can we solve the hospital-cost problem in our democracy?

PMID- 6433197
TI  - Cost effectiveness of alternatives to coronary-care-unit admission.

PMID- 6433198
TI  - Differences between faculty and community services in a university hospital.

PMID- 6433199
TI  - Why not try preventing illness as a way of controlling Medicare costs?

PMID- 6433200
TI  - The impact of new cloning techniques on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 6433201
TI  - The prognosis for seizure control in newly diagnosed epilepsy.
AB  - We assessed the prognosis for seizure control in 106 patients who were referred
      to an adult neurology clinic with previously untreated tonic-clonic, partial, or
      mixed seizures and were followed prospectively for a median of 66 months (range,
      6 to 96). Twenty-six patients remained completely free of seizures for as long as
      they were followed. Actuarial analysis showed that 35 per cent of patients could
      be expected to enter a seizure-free period of at least two years at the start of
      treatment, 73 per cent would have had a two-year seizure-free period at the end
      of four years, and 82 per cent would have had a two-year seizure-free period at
      the end of eight years. Of 79 patients whose seizures were completely controlled
      for at least two years, 51 subsequently remained seizure-free. If seizures
      continued for up to two years after the start of treatment, the probability of
      subsequent seizure control fell by half. The presence of partial seizures; a high
      frequency of tonic-clonic seizures before treatment; a neurologic, social, or
      psychiatric handicap; and a family history of epilepsy each indicated a worse
      prognosis. We conclude that the long-term pattern of seizure control is largely
      established during the first two years of treatment.

PMID- 6433202
TI  - [The nutritional status in malabsorption syndrome following gastrointestinal
      operations].
AB  - The nutritional status which includes selected biochemical, anthropometric and
      immunologic parameters was determined in 36 patients with malabsorption syndromes
      following gastrointestinal operations. The examinations revealed: Postoperative
      malabsorption syndromes often lead to considerable nutritional disturbances which
      cannot be sufficiently estimated by the sole determination of body mass. The
      nutritional status is a precious tool in judging deficiency symptoms, in
      instituting a targeted alimentary or substitutive therapy,and in evaluating the
      therapeutic accomplishment. Optimal long-time alimentary or substitutive therapy
      permits to achieve and maintain a good or sufficient nutritional status in
      patients with malabsorption syndromes even if the syndromes are due to extended
      gastrointestinal operations.

PMID- 6433203
TI  - [Use of the gnotobiotic rat for determination of the in vivo activity of
      Bifidobacterium beta-galactosidase].
AB  - Under the conditions of in vitro cultivation, the height of the beta
      galactosidase activity of Bifidobacterium spec. is essentially influenced by the
      composition of the culture medium. The use of gnotobiotic (germ-free and
      monoassociated with Bifidobacterium longum) rats permitted to differentiate in
      the chyme between beta-galactosidase activities of mucosal and microbial origin.
      In germ-free animals, the chyme in the small intestine and the colon contains
      nearly 10-20% of the activity measured in the mucosa (in each case expressed as g
      on a wet-weight basis). Monoassociation with B. longum does not affect the
      lactose-splitting activity of the chyme in the small intestine, but increases the
      activity of the chyme in the colon to twice the value of the mucosal activity. In
      the monoassociated animals, feeding of lactose leads to a further multiple
      increase of the chymal beta-galactosidase activity in the caecum, colon and
      faeces.

PMID- 6433204
TI  - Inducible expression of H-2 and Ia antigens on brain cells.
AB  - Cells in the brain express unusually low levels of antigens encoded by the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC). This is somewhat surprising as class I (H-2)
      and class II (Ia) MHC antigens have critical roles in immune responses. The
      activation of T lymphocytes is associated with the enhanced expression of these
      antigens and this effect is mediated by a specific T-cell lymphokine, gamma
      interferon (IFN-gamma). Here we show that IFN-gamma induces a dramatic increase
      in the expression of H-2 antigens on the cells of the brain. After exposure to
      IFN-gamma in vitro, all surviving cells, including most astrocytes,
      oligodendrocytes, microglia and at least some neurones, express H-2 antigens.
      Direct injection of IFN-gamma into the brains of mice indicated that H-2 antigens
      were also induced in vivo. Furthermore, IFN-gamma induced Ia antigens on a
      subpopulation of astrocytes. The induction of H-2 antigens by IFN-gamma may
      render brain cells competent to initiate and participate in immune reactions and
      may therefore contribute to both immunoprotective and immunopathological
      responses in the brain.

PMID- 6433205
TI  - Defect in the generation of light-chain diversity in bursectomized chickens.
AB  - The avian bursa of Fabricius has been regarded as a central organ for B-cell
      development, but there is controversy about the existence of other sites for
      differentiation of B cells. We have recently shown that chickens surgically
      bursectomized as early embryos, before the bursal primordium appears, can produce
      cytoplasmic, surface and serum immunoglobulins of IgM, IgG and IgA classes but
      are unable to generate specific antibodies in response to antigen. We have
      therefore examined the structure and diversity of immunoglobulins of
      bursectomized chickens. Analysis of serum IgG revealed normal gamma-heavy chains
      but altered light chains with more basic and less diverse isoelectric points than
      normal. These light chains may represent germ-line specificities not diversified
      by somatic mutations. Thus the bursa of Fabricius appears not to be necessary for
      the production of immunoglobulin molecules as such but to function in the
      creation and expansion of the antibody repertoire, possibly by providing a
      microenvironment for somatic mutations.

PMID- 6433206
TI  - Direct evidence for an integrated function of J chain and secretory component in
      epithelial transport of immunoglobulins.
AB  - J chain is a polypeptide of molecular weight (Mr) approximately 15,000 common to
      human dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM. These immunoglobulin polymers show a high
      affinity for secretory component (SC) in vitro, a feature that, in some studies,
      has been claimed to be a function of the J chain. SC is a glycoprotein of Mr
      approximately 80,000 which is expressed on the basolateral surfaces of secretory
      epithelial cells where, according to a current hypothesis, it may act as a
      receptor for dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM which are selectively transported
      through secretory epithelial cells into exocrine fluids. Previous studies,
      however, have not excluded the possibility that secretory cells express isotype
      specific Fc receptors for IgA and IgM which may be involved in epithelial
      transport. We now report that the adsorption of immunoglobulin polymers to SC
      expressing epithelial cells depends solely on a J chain-determined binding site.
      This finding lends biological significance to the striking J-chain expression
      shown by immunoglobulin-producing immunocytes in secretory tissues.

PMID- 6433207
TI  - Immunoglobulin kappa light-chain diversity in rabbit is based on the 3' length
      heterogeneity of germ-line variable genes.
AB  - Antibody diversity is generated by the combinatorial association of multiple
      distinct genetic segments (variable (V), joining (J) and diversity (D) light (L)
      and heavy (H) chains--VL, JL and VH, D, JH) and amplified somatically by three or
      four different mechanisms. The kappa system in mouse and human consists of 50-100
      V kappa segments associated with a cluster of four or five functional J kappa
      segments, located 2.5 kilobases (kb) 5' to a single C kappa gene. The third
      hypervariable region (CDR3), which is part of the antibody combining site, is
      usually nine amino acids long in human and mouse kappa chains. It is encoded by
      the last seven codons of the V kappa segment and the first two of the J kappa
      segment, one codon sometimes being added or deleted between V and J by junctional
      variation. In the rabbit, the C kappa 1 gene which encodes the major isotype, is
      associated with a cluster of five J kappa segments, only one of which seems to be
      functional, thus significantly decreasing the combinatorial potential. However,
      amino acid sequence comparison has revealed extensive heterogeneity in the length
      of rabbit CDR3 , suggesting the existence of a D segment analogous to that in the
      heavy-chain system. We show here that rabbit V kappa genes have several
      additional nucleotides at their 3' ends. Thus, even with a single functional J
      kappa segment, high CDR3 diversity can be generated based on the length
      heterogeneity of V kappa germ-line segments and their greater length, which might
      leave scope for an increased junctional deletion.

PMID- 6433208
TI  - Unilateral striatal dopamine denervation: reduced motor inhibitory effects of
      dopamine antagonists revealed in models of asymmetric and circling behaviour.
AB  - Circling and asymmetric behaviours to apomorphine (dopamine agonist/antagonist)
      challenge were studied in rats with unilateral striatal electrolesions or 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions, each induced by combined lesions at 3 striatal
      locations, to allow an assessment of drug action on 'normal' receptors in the
      intact striatum or 'supersensitive' receptors in the lesioned striatum
      respectively. The minimally effective dose of 6-OHDA (given in the presence of
      DMI and tranylcypromine) to cause functional change was 3 X 8 micrograms, with 3
      X 32 micrograms providing maximal change. Electrolesions were shown
      histologically to be confined to striatal tissue, and dopamine depletions caused
      by 6-OHDA were selective for the striatum. Temporal differences were recorded for
      onset of asymmetry and circling behaviour, both between behaviours and between
      lesions. Thus, asymmetry developed during the 2nd-4th days after 6-OHDA lesion
      but circling developed more abruptly on postoperative days 10-12. In contrast,
      both asymmetry and circling behaviours were apparent from the first day following
      electrolesion. The dose-dependent effects of apomorphine were apparent at much
      lower doses in 6-OHDA lesioned than electrolesioned rats. This potency difference
      was also demonstrated for two further dopamine agonists, 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6
      dihydroxytetralin and SK & F 38393. In contrast, the agonist-induced asymmetric
      and circling behaviours of electrolesioned rats were some 9-44 times more
      sensitive than those of 6-OHDA lesioned rats to antagonism by the neuroleptic
      agents haloperidol, alpha-flupenthixol and oxiperomide, although tiapride
      antagonism was very similar in both the electrolesioned and 6-OHDA-lesioned
      rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433209
TI  - Behavioural effects of pentylenetetrazole reversed by chlordiazepoxide and
      enhanced by RO 15-1788.
AB  - The effects of low doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) on exploratory behaviour and
      locomotor activity in the rat, were measured in the holeboard apparatus. PTZ (30
      mg/kg) significantly reduced exploratory head-dipping, an effect that was
      significantly reversed by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) and enhanced by RO 15-1788
      (20 mg/kg). RO 15-1788 (20 mg/kg) also significantly enhanced the reduction in
      locomotor activity produced by PTZ (30 mg/kg); although this reduction was not
      reversed by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) the reduction in locomotor activity with
      the drug combination was no greater than that with either drug alone. The results
      are discussed with respect to a coupling between the benzodiazepine receptors and
      the site at which PTZ acts.

PMID- 6433210
TI  - Termination without extreme prejudice--Amanita phalloides.

PMID- 6433211
TI  - Monoclonal cryoglobulins and pyroglobulins.
AB  - In a series of 1182 monoclonal Ig, the authors demonstrated 10 cases with
      monoclonal cryoglobulin (0.8%) and 5 cases with pyroglobulin (0.42%) in the
      serum; in two of these cases both thermoproteins were present simultaneously. One
      observation revealed mixed cryoglobulin consisting of monoclonal IgM-kappa and
      polyclonal IgG. In 70 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemias, monoclonal cryoglobulin
      occurred in 10%, pyroglobulin in 5.71%. In a subgroup of 744 monoclonal IgG,
      monoclonal cryoglobulin was demonstrated in 3 cases (0.4%), pyroglobulin in one
      case (0.13%).

PMID- 6433212
TI  - Dose response effect of retinyl acetate on DMBA induced carcinogenesis in the
      hamster cheek pouch.
AB  - The role of vitamin A in the induction and growth of chemically induced tumors is
      still controversial. While in some studies vitamin A influenced inhibition of
      chemically induced tumors was observed, other studies report on an enhancing
      influence of this substance on tumor induction. The cheek pouch epithelium of
      sixty five Syrian golden hamsters was exposed to DMBA and different doses of
      retinyl acetate, singly and in combination with DMBA. The findings suggest that
      1) a significant delay occurs in tumor induction in animals treated with DMBA in
      combination with a higher concentration (2.0%) of retinyl acetate, 2) retinyl
      acetate at lower concentration (0.5 and 1.0%) does not inhibit or delay tumor
      induction.

PMID- 6433213
TI  - [The use of glutardialdehyde in endodontics. II. Its use in general practice].

PMID- 6433214
TI  - Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins AI, AII, and B in renal
      transplanted children: what risk for accelerated atherosclerosis?
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the atherosclerosis risk factors related
      to hyperlipidemia in renal transplanted children. Plasma cholesterol,
      triglycerides, apolipoproteins (Apo) AI, AII and B, and the major lipoprotein
      classes separated by gradient ultracentrifugation were compared in 30 renal
      transplanted patients and 14 healthy children. Hyperlipidemia was present in 66%
      of the transplanted children. 'Positive' risk factors for atherosclerosis (high
      plasma cholesterol and Apo B) were present in hypercholesterolemic and combined
      hyperlipidemic subgroups. All transplanted children, whether normo- or
      hyperlipidemic, presented essentially 'negative' risk factors for
      atherosclerosis, i.e. significantly higher levels of Apo AI and AII in plasma and
      in high-density lipoprotein HDL2 and higher Apo AI/Apo B and/or Apo AII/B ratios.
      Repeated evaluations (over a 12-month period) in transplanted children indicated
      relatively frequent individual changes in the lipid pattern, but not in Apo AI
      and AII content. These results suggest that the risks for accelerated
      atherosclerosis related to hyperlipidemia may be considered as moderate in
      transplanted children.

PMID- 6433215
TI  - Considerations for the design, implementation, and interpretation of animal
      models of fetal alcohol effects.
AB  - Animal models have provided clear insights into the clinical manifestations of
      fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). The value of such
      models depends upon the strengths of the experimental procedures. Researchers
      interested in fetal alcohol effects must be aware of issues and considerations
      which strengthen their investigations and those issues which place limitations
      upon interpretations. Methodological considerations associated with the use of
      animal models, choice of a test animal, method of ethanol administration, control
      groups, and data analysis are discussed.

PMID- 6433216
TI  - beta-Alanine transport into plasma membrane vesicles derived from rat brain
      synaptosomes.
AB  - Transport of beta-alanine has been demonstrated in membrane vesicles isolated
      from rat brain, using artificially imposed ion gradients as the sole energy
      source. The uptake of beta-alanine is strictly dependent on the presence of Na+
      and Cl- in the medium, and the process can be driven either by an Na+ gradient
      (out greater than in) or by a Cl- gradient (out greater than in) when the other
      essential ion is present. The process is stimulated by a membrane potential
      (negative inside) as demonstrated by the effect of ionophore valinomycin and
      anions with different permeabilities. beta-Alanine uptake is inhibited by the
      presence of GABA.

PMID- 6433217
TI  - Median eminence serotonin involved in the proestrus gonadotropin release.
AB  - Numerous studies have suggested that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the
      regulation of anterior pituitary hormone release. In the present study, the 5-HT
      concentrations of the median eminence and anterior pituitary lobe were measured
      during the estrous cycle and lactation in order to correlate changes in 5-HT
      levels with changes in serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone,
      and prolactin. On the day of proestrus, median eminence 5-HT concentrations
      declined significantly between 14.00 and 16.30 h at the beginning of the
      gonadotropin and prolactin surges. No changes in 5-HT concentrations were found
      between the morning and afternoon on other days of the cycle. In the anterior
      pituitary, the levels of 5-HT did not change during the estrous cycle. 5-HT
      turnover rates were also estimated in the median eminence on proestrus and
      diestrus 1. The median eminence 5-HT synthesis rate increased in the afternoon of
      proestrus at 16.30 h. 5-HT was also measured in the anterior pituitary and the
      median eminence of lactating rats in four experimental situations: mothers with
      their litter until decapitation, mothers separated from their pups 4 h earlier,
      and mothers separated from their pups 4 h earlier, after which the pups were
      allowed to suckle for 5 or 30 min. In spite of the acute changes in circulating
      prolactin, 5-HT levels in the median eminence were not affected in any situation
      studied. These results suggest that 5-HT in the median eminence is involved in
      the control of gonadotropin release. The data further suggest that 5-HT does not
      act directly on the anterior pituitary to modulate gonadotropin or prolactin
      release.

PMID- 6433218
TI  - Effects of monoamine neurotoxins injected in different brain areas on
      gonadotropin and androgen secretion in the male.
AB  - In order to investigate the relative contribution of the serotoninergic and
      catecholaminergic innervation of different brain structures to the control of
      gonadotropin secretion in the male, adult rats were given bilateral injections of
      the selective neurotoxins, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and 6-hydroxydopamine, into
      the mediobasal hypothalamus, the medial preoptic area, the amygdala, and the
      medial forebrain bundle. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone, testosterone, pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone, and LH
      content were measured 15 days later. The medial preoptic area 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine injections were followed by 2- to 3-fold increases of serum
      LH and testosterone levels and pituitary LH concentration. The 6-hydroxydopamine
      injections in the medial forebrain bundle resulted in a 60% decrease of pituitary
      LH content, associated with serum levels of LH and testosterone which were
      lowered, although not significantly. None of the treatments seemed to influence
      either serum or pituitary concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone. These
      results suggest a hitherto undocumented major function of the serotoninergic
      innervation of the medial preoptic area in the control of LH secretion in the
      male and confirm previous reports indicating that some of the catecholaminergic
      fibers carried by the medial forebrain bundle can be modulatory for LH secretion.

PMID- 6433219
TI  - Influence of continuous illumination on estrous cycle of rats: time course of
      changes in levels of gonadotropins and ovarian steroids until occurrence of
      persistent estrus.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, 17 beta-estradiol, estrone and progesterone
      were determined chronologically by radioimmunoassays in two groups of adult
      female rats exposed to continuous illumination (LL). Group 1 rats showing vaginal
      estrous cycles were sacrificed at 3- to 6-hour intervals during late proestrus
      through early estrus of the first 5 cycles after exposure to LL. Group 2 animals
      which displayed persistent vaginal estrus in an early period of exposure to LL
      were killed on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 7th days of vaginal estrus. In Group 1
      rats, surges of the hormones, except estrone, took place in all the 5 cycles. The
      occurrence of peak hormone levels in each cycle was invariably delayed after
      transfer of animals to LL. According to regression analyses, the lengths of
      secretion cycles of LH, FSH, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in rats under LL
      were 100.89, 100.46, 101.14 and 101.06 h, respectively. Elevation of 17 beta
      estradiol levels was observed prior to the LH surge, and peaks of progesterone
      and FSH occurred following it. However, the secretion patterns of these hormones
      appear to be disrupted with length of exposure to LL. In group 2 rats, the mean
      concentration of LH during persistent estrus was approximately similar to that on
      the morning of the days of proestrus of the 4-day cycles of rats placed under an
      alternating 12-hour light-dark regimen (LD), whereas the mean FSH concentration
      was continuously low. While the concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and estrone
      in persistent-estrous rats were elevated, progesterone levels remained
      low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433220
TI  - Effects of behaviorally active doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its
      analog MK-771 on dopaminergic neuronal systems in the brain of the rat.
AB  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and an analog of this hormone,
      MK-771, were determined on body shaking behavior and on biochemical estimates of
      the activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the rat. Both compounds elicited dose
      related episodes of "wet-dog shakes". A dose of TRH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) which caused
      marked shaking behavior did not alter the steady-state concentration of DA in any
      brain region, but, after an injection of alpha-methyltyrosine did enhance the
      rate of decline of DA in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum of
      olfactory tubercle. The same dose of TRH increased the concentration of
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid selectively in the nucleus accumbens, and caused a
      marked increase in the rate of synthesis of DA (accumulation of DOPA after the
      administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor) in the nucleus accumbens, and a
      modest and inconsistent increase in the striatum and olfactory tubercle. A single
      injection of MK-771 (3-100 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to change the rate of synthesis of
      DA in any brain region, while two injections of this compound (20 mg/kg, i.p.)
      slightly increased the rate of synthesis of DA in the striatum. These results
      suggest that TRH selectively increases the activity of DA neurons which terminate
      in the nucleus accumbens whereas its synthetic analog, MK-771, lacks this
      property. Since both compounds elicit similar body shaking behavior, it would
      appear that this behavior is not causally related to the actions of TRH on
      mesolimbic DA neurons which terminate in the nucleus accumbens.

PMID- 6433221
TI  - Differential effect of fluorinated analogs of TRH on the cardiovascular system
      and prolactin release.
AB  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and the TRH-analogs, 4-fluoro
      Im-TRH (4-F-TRH) and 2-trifluoromethyl-Im-TRH (2-TFM-TRH), on the cardiovascular
      system and prolactin (PRL) release were examined in conscious rats. TRH (2.8 or
      28 nmol) injected into the anterior hypothalamus produced dose-dependent
      increments in blood pressure and heart rate; plasma PRL was increased twofold
      after the higher dose of TRH. 4-F-TRH had effects similar to those of TRH on both
      the cardiovascular and PRL response. In contrast, the 2-TFM-TRH was significantly
      less active than TRH or 4-F-TRH in eliciting tachycardia, yet was noticeably more
      potent in affecting PRL release. These data suggest that the receptors for TRH
      induced PRL release may be different from TRH-receptors which mediate central
      cardiovascular responses.

PMID- 6433222
TI  - Use of phenelzine in continuation therapy.
AB  - In 18 depressed patients, phenelzine had proved to be a beneficial drug during
      treatment of the acute illness. Following 4 weeks' remission induced by either 45
      or 60 mg/day, patients were assigned to take part in a double-blind study in
      which the dose either remained fixed at the original dose, or was decreased by 15
      mg/month and eventually replaced by placebo. 15 patients completed the study.
      Patients who remained at the same dose did significantly better on measures of
      anxiety and depression. The dropout rate ('relapse' rate) also differed
      significantly between the two dose groups. It is concluded that in this group of
      patients, maintenance of the full dose of phenelzine is recommended for at least
      6 months.

PMID- 6433223
TI  - Efficacy and cost-containment in hospital pharmacotherapy: state of the art and
      future directions.

PMID- 6433224
TI  - William Saunders: the United States Army's first dentist--West Point's forgotten
      man.

PMID- 6433225
TI  - Health care among the Sinai Bedouin.

PMID- 6433226
TI  - The use of stratified sampling and discriminant analysis in patient perception
      surveying: results of a study at an Army Community Hospital.

PMID- 6433227
TI  - Gruener Laubfrosch 83: a medical unit exercise.

PMID- 6433228
TI  - Design of an automated dental epidemiology system.

PMID- 6433229
TI  - Mass screening for tuberculosis in an isolated United States Army outpost.

PMID- 6433230
TI  - Comparison between radiography, bone scan, and ultrasound in the diagnosis of
      stress fractures.

PMID- 6433231
TI  - Neonatal circumcision: attitudes and practices of United States Air Force
      physicians.

PMID- 6433232
TI  - Analysis of survival in breast cancer: a critical look at the relationship
      between time to diagnosis and ultimate survival.

PMID- 6433234
TI  - Preparation and stability of cardioplegic solutions at a USAF Medical Center.

PMID- 6433233
TI  - Intraoral sagittal split osteotomy and two-step genioplasty: case report.

PMID- 6433235
TI  - Freeze-frame videorecording systems for fluoroscopy.

PMID- 6433236
TI  - Esophageal stricture following esophagitis in a patient with herpes zoster: case
      report.

PMID- 6433237
TI  - Silo filler's disease.

PMID- 6433238
TI  - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage--the Brooke Army Medical Center experience.

PMID- 6433239
TI  - [Induced barbiturate coma in neurosurgical resuscitation].

PMID- 6433240
TI  - [Nitroglycerin ointment and peripheral venous cannulation].

PMID- 6433241
TI  - [Quintuplet pregnancy with a positive outcome induced by a minimum dosage of HMG
      + HCG].

PMID- 6433242
TI  - GABA neurons in the mammalian central nervous system: model for a minimal basic
      neural unit.
AB  - My current working models of nervous system function place particular emphasis on
      the roles of inhibitory GABAergic neurons in information processing in the
      central nervous system. It is proposed that in behavioral sequences, innate or
      learned, preprogrammed neural circuits are released to function at varying rates
      and in various combinations largely by disinhibition of pacemaker neurons whose
      activities are under the dual tonic inhibitory control of GABAergic local circuit
      neurons and projection command neurons. According to this view, disinhibition is
      permissive and excitatory input to pacemaker neurons has mainly a modulatory
      role. Disturbances in GABAergic function probably occur in a variety of
      neurologic and psychologic disorders.

PMID- 6433244
TI  - Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor.

PMID- 6433243
TI  - Action of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 in humans after sleep
      withdrawal.
AB  - Subsequent to one night of sleep withdrawal the specific benzodiazepine
      antagonist Ro 15-1788 was infused to 5 healthy volunteers using a double-blind
      placebo-controlled cross-over design. Using several standardized psychological
      tests (viso-motor tracking task, complex choice reaction time, trail making test,
      visual attention and concentration), no performance-improving effects of Ro 15
      1788 could be demonstrated. The results are discussed regarding the possible
      existence of endogenous benzodiazepine ligands.

PMID- 6433245
TI  - Ankle sprains revisited.

PMID- 6433246
TI  - Looking closely at nutrition support.

PMID- 6433247
TI  - Nursing standards should determine nursing's price.

PMID- 6433248
TI  - Financial management. Regulations proposed for second PPS year.

PMID- 6433249
TI  - Death quotas and PROs.

PMID- 6433250
TI  - Pregnancy after bromocriptine-induced reduction of an extrasellar prolactin
      secreting pituitary macroadenoma.
AB  - In patients with a large prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma, a marked
      reduction in tumor size may be achieved with bromocriptine therapy. However,
      before consideration of pregnancy, surgical removal of the lesion usually is
      advised. A 36-year-old woman with a large extrasellar pituitary macroadenoma was
      treated with bromocriptine, 10 mg/day, which resulted in dramatic reduction of
      the tumor mass. Subsequently, she became pregnant and drug therapy was maintained
      throughout gestation. This case illustrates the use of bromocriptine in the
      management of large prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors and the necessity for
      adequate radiologic follow-up.

PMID- 6433251
TI  - Complete development of secondary sex characteristics in a case of 46,XY pure
      gonadal dysgenesis.
AB  - Although pubertal development is unusual in 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, it may
      occur in association with gonadal tumors. The authors report a case of 46,XY
      gonadal dysgenesis in a 17-year-old girl remarkable for H-Y+ phenotype and
      bilateral gonadoblastomas accompanied by dysgerminomatous change and nearly
      complete female secondary sex development. Endocrinologic activity of the gonads
      was indicated by marked decrease in sex steroid production after gonadectomy.
      Occurrence of gonadal neoplasia in this case is consistent with the observation
      that neoplastic transformation is likely in H-Y+ cases of 46,XY gonadal
      dysgenesis.

PMID- 6433252
TI  - The different approach to containing health care costs.

PMID- 6433253
TI  - [Epidemiological study of oral diseases in the Greek population. Pediatric
      population. 4. The Larissa district].

PMID- 6433254
TI  - [Multiple nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Report of case].

PMID- 6433255
TI  - [Clinicopathological study of 255 cases of oral ulcerations].

PMID- 6433256
TI  - [Diseases of the oral cavity in children. Statistical analysis of 384 cases].

PMID- 6433257
TI  - [Dental caries as a dynamic equilibrium between demineralization and
      remineralization].

PMID- 6433258
TI  - [Preventive dentistry for children and adolescents].

PMID- 6433259
TI  - [Local anaesthesia in children].

PMID- 6433260
TI  - [The magnification of the teeth in the orthopantomograph].

PMID- 6433261
TI  - [Conservative treatment of esthetic problems of the anterior teeth].

PMID- 6433262
TI  - [Foreign bodies in and around the jaw. Review of the literature and report of
      cases].

PMID- 6433263
TI  - [Intraoral manifestations of acute leukemias].

PMID- 6433264
TI  - [Unusual foreign body reaction of the oral soft tissues].

PMID- 6433265
TI  - [Occlusal radiographs].

PMID- 6433266
TI  - [Leukoplakia of the mouth. Clinicopathological study of 108 cases].

PMID- 6433267
TI  - [The use of toluidine blue stain in the early diagnosis of oral cancer].

PMID- 6433268
TI  - [Occlusion and normal function of the masticatory system].

PMID- 6433269
TI  - [The teeth of neolithic Cypriots (5800-3000 B.C.)].

PMID- 6433270
TI  - [Preformed stainless steel crowns].

PMID- 6433271
TI  - [The role of the dentist in the early diagnosis and management of oral cancer].

PMID- 6433272
TI  - [Enamel remineralization: experimental studies and their application to the
      clinical management of caries].

PMID- 6433273
TI  - [Current concepts in local anesthetics. 2. Mode of use--biological properties-
      dosage].

PMID- 6433274
TI  - [Apical plugging of the root canal with dentin chips. An in vitro study of the
      sealing ability of the dentinal plug].

PMID- 6433275
TI  - [Premature loss of the primary cuspids].

PMID- 6433276
TI  - [The management by the general dental practitioner of postextraction
      complications involving the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 6433277
TI  - [Iatrogenic lesions of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 6433278
TI  - [Fixed orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 6433279
TI  - [Bleaching of discolored endodontically-treated teeth].

PMID- 6433280
TI  - [Changes and poorly adjusted older dentures].

PMID- 6433281
TI  - [Secondary impaction of deciduous molars].

PMID- 6433282
TI  - [Current concepts in local anesthetics. 3. Systemic complications and their
      treatment].

PMID- 6433283
TI  - [Recurrence of periodontal disease. Recall system in the maintenance of
      periodontal health].

PMID- 6433284
TI  - [Multiple myeloma. Report of case with mandibular involvement].

PMID- 6433285
TI  - [Dental prosthetics with acid-etching technics and composite resins].

PMID- 6433286
TI  - [Critical review of treatment concepts for functional disturbances of the
      stomatognathic system].

PMID- 6433287
TI  - Prospective payment in psychiatric-mental health care: is the party over?

PMID- 6433288
TI  - A fork in the road of medical care. Is a two-tiered health care system just
      around the bend?

PMID- 6433289
TI  - [Activation of glycogenolysis during electrostimulation of the skeletal muscles
      in the chick embryo under aerobic conditions].
AB  - A cooperative activation of glycogenolysis was found in the chick embryo skeletal
      muscles (upon electrostimulation) on the 13th day of incubation (stage 39 after
      Hamburger, Hamilton, 1951).

PMID- 6433290
TI  - Emerging patterns of microbial resistance.
AB  - Microbial resistance arises by mutation or by inheritance. The latter is plasmid
      mediated and transferable and may erode multidrug resistance to beta-lactams,
      aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, sulfonamides, and
      trimethoprim. Resistance genes may transfer from one plasmid to another or from a
      plasmid to the chromosome or to a bacteriophage, thereby allowing rapid
      dissemination of resistance among bacteria. Mutational or chromosomal resistance
      is not readily transferable between different bacterial species or genera but is
      nonetheless medically important for resistance to isoniazid, methicillin,
      nalidixic acid, rifampin, and expanded spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID- 6433291
TI  - Multidisciplinary input on institutional ethics committees: a nursing
      perspective.

PMID- 6433292
TI  - Biliary tract surgery: cost versus quality of care in three hospitals.

PMID- 6433293
TI  - Safe handling of cytotoxic drugs in hospitals.

PMID- 6433294
TI  - Computer-assisted controlled substance inventory system.

PMID- 6433295
TI  - Nonantibiotic drug utilization review.

PMID- 6433296
TI  - Nursing evaluation of pediatric blood pressure measurement.

PMID- 6433297
TI  - Changing physician behavior: the peer data method.

PMID- 6433298
TI  - Hospital compliance with JCAH nursing standards: findings from 1982 surveys.

PMID- 6433299
TI  - Establishing hospital quality circles.
AB  - Since the success of the pediatrics quality circle, the QA committee at Bronx
      Lebanon Hospital Center has identified areas in the hospital that might benefit
      from a quality circle, such as the medical record department and the alcohol
      detoxification unit. The QA committee established these circles but will no
      longer play as active a role. An individual within each department or unit will
      be designated as circle leader, and the circle will be charged with implementing
      solutions.

PMID- 6433300
TI  - Maximizing UR and QA resources through innovative models of practice.

PMID- 6433301
TI  - Annual meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery,
      Inc. Las Vegas, Nevada, September 16-20, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 6433302
TI  - Chemotherapy in the physician's office.

PMID- 6433303
TI  - Financial 'heyday' of health care is past. But what about quality assurance under
      DRG's?

PMID- 6433304
TI  - The effect of protein restriction on the development of protective immunity to
      Leishmania mexicana.
AB  - Protein deprived C57BL/6 mice infected with 10(3) amastigotes of Leishmania
      mexicana showed early arrest of lesion progression during the first 5 weeks of
      infection with subsequent development of progressive non-healing lesions. In
      contrast, well nourished mice similarly infected developed gradual healing
      lesions. The early resistance of malnourished mice to 10(3) amastigotes was
      overcome by a larger dose. After a primary inoculation with 10(3) amastigotes
      protein deprived mice failed to express protective immunity to a challenge
      inoculum given at 5 weeks of infection. When challenge was delayed until 10
      weeks, protein deprived mice developed lesions at the site of challenge which
      tended to regress but were unable to manifest the high level of protective
      immunity seen in normally nourished reinfected controls. A challenge infection
      given at 5 or 10 weeks prejudiced the control of primary lesions particularly in
      the group of protein deprived mice challenged at 10 weeks. Equivalent levels of
      specific delayed hypersensitivity responses were found in protein deprived and
      normally nourished uninfected mice immunized with killed parasites which imply
      that the impaired protective immunity observed in protein deprived mice is not
      due to a deleterious effect of protein deprivation on the ability of the host to
      develop cellular responses such as delayed type hypersensitivity to Leishmania
      antigens.

PMID- 6433305
TI  - Lymphatic filariasis in man: demonstration of circulating antigens in Wuchereria
      bancrofti infection.
AB  - Five hundred and twenty-nine sera obtained from people dwelling in an area
      endemic for bancroftian filariasis were analysed for the presence of soluble
      circulating antigens (SCA) of filarial origin by counter immunoelectrophoresis
      and 303 were found positive. It, therefore, appears that 57.3% subjects could be
      diagnosed by the detection of SCA irrespective of their clinical status. Of the
      three groups investigated, microfilaraemic, amicrofilaraemic and clinical, SCA
      could be demonstrated in maximum number of sera obtained from clinical cases. The
      parasite specificity of the SCA was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA), immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), counter
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and gel diffusion (GD) using antisera raised against
      Litomosoides carinii in rabbits and antigens derived from Wuchereria bancrofti
      microfilariae or antigens present in sera of patients with bancroftian
      filariasis. This anti-carinii hyperimmune serum under study did not show positive
      reactions with parasites other than filaria, or with the sera obtained from pre
      immunized rabbits and non-endemic controls. A demonstration of a distinct
      precipitin band in CIEP and GD indicates that either monospecific hyperimmune
      sera or monoclonal antibodies could be raised for the development of a simple
      method for immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis.

PMID- 6433306
TI  - Monoclonal antibody neutralizes the sporozoite stage of different Theileria parva
      stocks.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against sporozoites of Theileria parva. One of
      these antibodies (MAbD1) neutralized the infectivity of sporozoites for
      lymphocytes in vitro and for cattle in vivo. Neutralization seemed to occur by
      blocking sporozoite entry into the cell. MAbD1 neutralized sporozoites of four
      unrelated stocks of T. parva, indicating the presence of a common antigenic
      determinant which may be important in initiating protective immunity.

PMID- 6433307
TI  - Trauma and fractures: meeting your patient's nutritional needs.

PMID- 6433308
TI  - Selective metabolism of L-serine by Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in vitro.
AB  - In a series of in vitro experiments, adult male and female Moniliformis dubius
      were incubated at pH 6.88 and 37 degrees C for 3 h in a 2.5 mM solution of 18
      amino acids. Fifteen of these were absorbed slightly from the medium, but L
      serine was almost completely absorbed while the concentrations of glycine and
      alanine in the medium increased during the course of the incubation. By using L
      [U-14C]serine, it was found that labelled ethanol and CO2 were the main end
      products of metabolism excreted into the medium, with smaller amounts of labelled
      alanine, lactate and acetate. Small amounts of cystathionine with high specific
      radioactivity were found in extracts of the worms at the end of incubation,
      together with other radioactive metabolites including glucose, ethanol, lactate,
      succinate, malate, serine, glycine and alanine. Ammonia was found to be an
      excretory product of the amino acid metabolism of M. dubius. Possible metabolic
      pathways and suggestions for the significance of serine metabolism in this
      parasite are discussed.

PMID- 6433309
TI  - [Action of peptides in hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 6433310
TI  - Acute tuberculous septicemia.

PMID- 6433311
TI  - Cortisol facilitates ovine fetal/maternal water transfer.
AB  - After the infusion of 500 ml 20% mannitol to 12 pregnant ewes, we studied fetal
      plasma osmolality responses in chronically catheterized fetal lambs at 129-140
      days' gestation. To compare the effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) alone and AVT
      plus cortisol on fetal/maternal water transfer, the mannitol infusion was
      repeated during a 2-h fetal infusion of AVT alone (7 microU/kg/min) and during
      infusion of AVT with cortisol (50 micrograms/h) (eight and six animals,
      respectively). The fetal osmolar response to maternal mannitol administration was
      compared to the response following the baseline mannitol study in the same sheep.
      In four of the ewes, an identical (sham) study was performed substituting 500 ml
      normal saline for the mannitol infusion to the ewe. Fetal AVT infusion
      significantly obtunded the fetal osmolality increment induced by maternal
      mannitol alone [P less than 0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Fetal AVT
      administered concurrently with cortisol produced an increment in fetal plasma
      osmolality in response to maternal mannitol that was significantly enhanced
      compared with that during fetal AVT infusion alone (P less than 0.001, ANOVA).
      The response to AVT with cortisol was similar to that following mannitol alone.
      Normal saline (sham protocol) produced no change in maternal or fetal osmolality.
      These results indicate that fetal AVT inhibits fetal to maternal water transfer
      following an osmotic stimulus to the ewe, while cortisol (infused with AVT) tends
      to counteract the inhibitory effect of AVT on fetal/maternal water transfer.

PMID- 6433312
TI  - Diamine oxidase and disaccharidase activities in small intestinal biopsies of
      children.
AB  - A relationship between disaccharidase and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities was
      looked for by measuring these enzyme activities in histologically normal small
      intestinal biopsies of 18 children. The range for disaccharidase activities
      expressed in U g-1 wet weight was 0.1-5.7, 7.1-36.7, and 2.3-8.5 for lactase,
      maltase, and sucrase, respectively. The range for DAO activities expressed in
      nmol h-1 g-1 wet weight was 202-974. Significant correlations were found between
      disaccharidase and DAO activities (lactase versus DAO: n = 17, r = 0.80, P less
      than 0.001; maltase versus DAO: n = 18, r = 0.70, P less than 0.001; sucrase
      versus DAO: n = 18, r = 0.55, P less than 0.05). Our results further support the
      hypothesis that DAO is a marker of small intestinal functional integrity in
      children.

PMID- 6433313
TI  - Glutaric aciduria type II: evidence for a defect related to the electron transfer
      flavoprotein or its dehydrogenase.
AB  - Incubation of intact fibroblasts from a patients with glutaric aciduria type II
      with [2-14C]riboflavin showed normal synthesis of flavin mononucleotide and
      flavin adenine dinucleotide. This is taken as evidence for normal transport of
      riboflavin into the cells and normal activity of riboflavin kinase (EC 2.7.1.26)
      and flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.2). The ability of intact
      fibroblasts to oxidize 1-14C-fatty acids and [6-14C]lysine is impaired in the
      patient which together with the urinary excretion pattern of organic acids
      indicates a defective dehydrogenation of fatty acid acyl-CoAs and glutaryl-CoA.
      However, dehydrogenation of (C6-C10) fatty acid acyl-CoA derivatives and glutaryl
      CoA was normal when the dehydrogenases were measured in fibroblast homogenate
      with artificial electron acceptors. In vivo, these dehydrogenases transfer their
      electrons to CoQ10 in the main electron transport chain via electron transfer
      flavoprotein and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase. Glutaric aciduria
      type II fibroblasts showed very diminished activity when the glutaryl-CoA
      dehydrogenase activity was measured without artificial electron acceptor but with
      intact endogenous electron transport system. As the NADH and succinate oxidation
      seems normal in glutaric aciduria type II patients, this is strong evidence for a
      defect in either the electron transfer flavoprotein or the electron transfer
      flavoprotein dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6433314
TI  - The effect of hypocarbia on the cardiovascular system of puppies.
AB  - Respiratory alkalosis (hypocapnia) is used to treat persistent pulmonary
      hypertension in newborns. With the exception of the brain, there are no data on
      the effects of hypocapnia on organ blood flow in the neonate. Therefore, we
      examined the effects of 2 h of hypocapnia on blood pressure, oxygen consumption,
      cardiac output and organ blood flows in puppies. In six animals (group I),
      reducing the PaCO2 to 21.8 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (pH 7.62 +/- 0.04) caused an immediate
      and sustained reduction in cerebral blood flow (40%) and in myocardial blood flow
      (25%). There were no significant changes in arterial blood pressure, total body
      oxygen consumption, cardiac output, right and left ventricular rate-pressure
      product, or blood flow to the gut, liver, muscle, and kidneys. In four control
      animals (group II)(PaCO2 39.8 +/- 3.0, pH 7.38 +/- 0.04), there were no changes
      in any of the measured variables (arterial blood pressure, total body oxygen
      consumption, cardiac output, or blood flow to any organ, including brain and
      heart) during 2 h of normocarbic ventilation. We did not determine whether the
      reductions in cerebral and myocardial blood flows were detrimental. We suspect
      that they were not because the animals did not develop metabolic acidosis and
      they had normal cardiac outputs, and ventricular rate-pressure products
      throughout the study.

PMID- 6433315
TI  - Stable isotope dilution analysis of galactitol in amniotic fluid: an accurate
      approach to the prenatal diagnosis of galactosemia.
AB  - A stable isotope dilution assay for galactitol in amniotic fluid has been
      developed using selected ion monitoring chemical ionization gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry of the hexaacetate derivative. [1,1-2H2]Galactitol was
      synthesized for use as the internal standard. Galactitol is a component of normal
      amniotic fluid with a mean concentration of 0.70 +/- 0.18 mumol/liter (n = 5).
      The amniotic fluid of a fetus with galactosemia had a concentration of 7.96
      mumol/liter. Mannitol, sorbitol, and inositol were also found to be normal
      constituents of amniotic fluid. This stable isotope dilution assay is a rapid
      accurate method for measurement of galactitol in amniotic fluid for prenatal
      diagnosis of galactosemia.

PMID- 6433316
TI  - Distribution of cardiac output in fetal and neonatal lambs with acute respiratory
      acidosis.
AB  - The effects of changes in PaCO2 on the circulation are complex, involving local
      vasodilation, vasodilation mediated by the pulmonary inflation reflex, and
      vasoconstriction due to effects on central vasomotor centers and peripheral
      chemoreceptors. One might anticipate that some or all of these might differ
      between the fetus in utero and the newborn. Distribution of cardiac output was
      measured in unanesthetized fetal (n = 6) and newborn (n = 7) sheep, using the
      radioactive microsphere technique. PaCO2 rose from 44 to 70 (fetus) and 38 to 60
      torr (newborn) with the addition of CO2 to room air. In the fetus, there were
      significant increases in central nervous system (CNS), diaphragm, and lung blood
      flows. No organ showed a significant decrease in flow. Local vasodilation by CO2
      was the likely cause of the increased flow to CNS. The large increase in
      pulmonary blood flow was most likely due to the associated rise in fetal PaO2 (23
      to 28 torr) that accompanied respiratory acidosis and the presence of fetal
      breathing movements. The rise in diaphragmatic blood flow was likely the result
      of fetal breathing. In the newborn, CNS and diaphragm flows rose, but unlike the
      fetus, spleen and stomach flows decreased. These decreased flows in the
      hypercapnic newborn may have been due to stimulation of either central vasomotor
      centers or peripheral chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6433317
TI  - Cysteine supplementation of total parenteral nutrition: the effect in beagle
      pups.
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition solutions supplemented with cysteine-HCl (S-TPN, 0.8
      mmol/kg/day) were infused into beagle pups from day 10 of life to day 20 (n = 6).
      Another group of pups received unsupplemented TPN solutions (US-TPN) (n = 6).
      Fluid, protein, and energy intake from nonprotein sources were similar in both
      groups. Data from these two groups were compared and similar measurements in
      normally suckled pups were also compared with the two TPN groups (n = 6). There
      were significant differences in the rate of weight gain between the pups that
      received TPN and the pups that were suckled (P less than 0.01). Weight gain,
      hepatic DNA and protein concentrations, and cerebral DNA and protein
      concentrations in the pups that received TPN supplemented with cysteine were not
      different from similar measurements in pups that received unsupplemented TPN.
      Plasma total cyst(e)ine (Cyst(e)ine refers to the mixture in any proportion of
      the sulfhydryl (cysteine) and the disulfide (cystine) forms of this compound)
      concentrations in the cysteine-supplemented pups (7.9 +/- 1.2 mumol/DL, X +/- SD)
      were significantly greater than in the unsupplemented pups (4.9 +/- 1.8
      mumol/DL). Hepatic glutathione concentrations in the supplemented pups (583 +/-
      85 mumol/100 g liver) were also significantly greater than in the unsupplemented
      pups (392 +/- 113 mumol/100 g liver). These data suggest that the supplementation
      of TPN solutions with cysteine, even in an animal enzymatically capable of
      cysteine synthesis, has significant effects on glutathione synthesis.

PMID- 6433318
TI  - Phototherapy in full-term infants with hemolytic disease secondary to ABO
      incompatibility.
AB  - Current guidelines for treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn make no
      differentiation between ABO and Rh incompatibility. A protocol that prolonged the
      observation period in full-term, ABO-incompatible infants with positive Coombs'
      tests who were otherwise healthy was tested. Postponement of treatment made it
      possible to determine more accurately which infants needed phototherapy. This
      dramatically decreased the number of infants treated without increasing their
      risk of requiring exchange transfusion.

PMID- 6433319
TI  - Heparinization of alimentation solutions administered through peripheral veins in
      premature infants: a controlled study.
AB  - A randomized controlled study was done to determine whether the addition of
      heparin (1 U/mL) to peripheral intravenous alimentation solutions would affect
      the incidence of phlebitis and duration of patency of intravenous catheters in
      premature infants. Twenty-two-gauge Teflon catheters were uniformly used. One
      hundred five catheters infused with heparin were placed in 13 infants, and 122
      catheters were placed in the control group of 13 infants. The time, nature, and
      incidence of complications were noted for each infusion site. Infusion of heparin
      was found to double the duration of patency of intravenous catheters and to
      reduce significantly the incidence of phlebitis. No complications related to the
      administration of heparin were noted. Heparinization of intravenous alimentation
      solutions should therefore be considered in premature infants as a means of
      reducing the work load and incidence of complications associated with peripheral
      lines.

PMID- 6433320
TI  - Effects of polycythemia and hyperviscosity on cutaneous blood flow and
      transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 in the neonate.
AB  - Neonatal hyperviscosity syndrome is known to affect multiple organ systems. The
      effects of polycythemic hyperviscosity on cutaneous blood flow and transcutaneous
      PO2 and PCO2 were compared in ten term infants prior to and following correction
      of the hyperviscous state. Cutaneous blood flow was measured by the heat
      clearance method; transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 were detected by a polarographic O2
      cathode and a potentiometric pH-sensitive glass electrode, respectively. Whole
      blood viscosity was measured at five shear rates from 11.25/s to 225/s using a
      Wells-Brookfield viscometer. Following partial exchange transfusion with fresh
      frozen plasma, there was a significant decrease in arterial blood hematocrit from
      62.7% +/- 5.9% to 48.4% +/- 4.8% (P less than .001) and in whole blood viscosity
      from 13.9 +/- 2.9 cps to 8.5 +/- 1.8 cps (P less than .001) at a shear rate of
      11.25/s. The arterial and transcutaneous O2 and CO2 tensions were in the normal
      range in the hyperviscous state and remained unchanged following exchange
      transfusion. The static measure of cutaneous blood flow increased 36% from 208 +/
      54 mW to 283 +/- 75 mW (P less than .01) while the dynamic measure of cutaneous
      blood flow increased 38% to 41% (P less than .01). The lack of demonstrable
      cutaneous hypoxia and hypercapnia, despite a significant decrease in blood flow
      in the hyperviscous state, may be due to one or more factors.

PMID- 6433321
TI  - Transport of L-cystine in isolated perfused proximal straight tubules.
AB  - Unidirectional fluxes of L-35S-cystine and intracellular 35S activity were
      measured in isolated perfused segments of rabbit proximal straight tubule. The
      absorptive (lumen-to-both) flux of L-35S-cysteine showed a tendency toward
      saturation within the concentration limits imposed by the low solubility of
      cystine (0.3 mmol . l-1). In contrast, for the bath-to-lumen fluxes, there was a
      linear relation between the bathing solution concentration of L-35S-cystine and
      the rate of 35S appearance in the lumen. Nonlinear fitting of both sets of
      unidirectional flux data gave a maximal cystine transport rate (Jmax) of 1.45 +/-
      0.27 (SEM) pmol min-1 mm-1, a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.20 +/- 0.07 mmol . l
      1, and an apparent permeability coefficient of 0.27 +/- 0.11 pmol min-1 mm-1
      (mmol . l-1)-1 (approximately 0.06 micrometer/s). The 35S concentration in the
      cell exceeded that in the lumen by almost 60-fold during the lumen-to-bath flux,
      and exceeded the bathing solution concentration by 4.7-fold during the bath-to
      lumen flux. Thus cystine was accumulated by the cells across either membrane, but
      over 77% of the intracellular activity was in the form of cysteine. Although the
      presence of luminal L-lysine or cycloleucine inhibited the absorptive flux of
      cystine, neither amino acid affected the bath-to-lumen flux.

PMID- 6433322
TI  - Vanadate and ouabain: a comparative study in toad skin.
AB  - In this study we compare the effects of two inhibitors of the Na,K-ATPase,
      ouabain and vanadate, upon transport properties of the isolated short-circuited
      toad skin: The main conclusions are: Both inhibitors induce a similar decline in
      short-circuit current (SCC). They differ regarding skin electrical resistance
      (R). Ouabain induces an increase in resistance that, after some delay, builds up
      slowly after its addition to the preparation, while vanadate causes a fast
      increase in resistance that remains constant for most of the experimental period.
      Vanadate, but not ouabain, promotes an unspecific increase in skin permeability
      characterized by a delayed and progressive rise of 42K (JK eff) and 14C sucrose
      (J suc eff) effluxes. Vanadate effect upon skin permeability, as measured by JK
      eff, is not affected by pre-treating the skin with DIDS, a stilbene derivative,
      indicating that anion-exchange is not an important step for the entrance of
      vanadate into the epithelial cells to trigger its effect. Vanadate effect upon JK
      eff is also not affected by previous ouabain inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase,
      showing that this effect is not mediated by the inhibition of this enzyme.
      Vanadate action in toad skin seems to occur at junctional structures opening
      paracellular routes. A possible mechanism for the effect of vanadate is discussed
      in terms of cytosolic Ca2+ balance, cytoskeleton and their interplay with the
      sealing of tight junctions.

PMID- 6433324
TI  - Implementing DRGs.

PMID- 6433325
TI  - 186Re-HEDP: a potential therapeutic bone agent.
AB  - A lyophilized kit preparation of HEDP for labelling with 186Re has been developed
      as a potential bone agent useful for both diagnosis and therapy. High pressure
      liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the 186Re-HEDP is a mixture of
      several components. Preliminary in vivo studies in several animal species showed
      that both the 186Re-HEDP mixture and the HPLC-purified main component are bone
      seeking agents with slow blood and soft-tissue clearance rates. HPLC purification
      slightly improved the quality of the image. In mice and rats with trauma-induced
      osteogenetic activity in one leg, the bone uptake of the traumatized leg was 1.7
      1.9 times higher than of the normal leg. The lesion-to-normal bone ratio was 4
      5.4.

PMID- 6433323
TI  - Cardiovascular and blood gas responses to shivering produced by external and
      central cooling in the pigeon.
AB  - Cardiovascular and blood gas responses of pigeons to spinal cord cooling (35-36
      degrees C) were measured at thermoneutral (28 degrees C) and low (5 degrees C)
      ambient temperatures. Spinal cord cooling at thermoneutral temperatures caused
      immediate shivering and increases in heat production (223%), heart rate (152%)
      and cardiac output (169%), but blood pressure and stroke volume did not change.
      PaCO2 and PvCO2 increased slightly during the cooling; PaO2 and CaO2 decreased
      slightly while PvO2 and CvO2 decreased considerably (10 Torr and 1.7 mmol . l-1,
      respectively), resulting in a greater a-v difference in O2 content. Ambient
      cooling produced responses comparable to spinal cord cooling. Simultaneous spinal
      cord and ambient cooling produced similar responses that were generally greater
      in magnitude than either kind of cooling alone. Consequently, heart rate, cardiac
      output and O2 extraction from the blood were all significantly, linearly related
      to heat production over the wide range studied. Comparisons are made between
      cardiovascular responses of birds to shivering and exercise in regards to the
      relative importance of increases in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure.
      It is suggested that exercise and shivering may effect cardiovascular responses
      through similar receptor mechanisms.

PMID- 6433326
TI  - So much to learn: long-stay wards.

PMID- 6433327
TI  - Meningococcal mesenteric adenitis and peritonitis in a child.

PMID- 6433328
TI  - The distribution and origin of VIP in the spinal cord of six mammalian species.
AB  - The distribution of VIP-immunoreactivity was studied in the spinal cord and
      dorsal root ganglia of 6 mammalian species. Immunoreactive fibres and cell bodies
      were most apparent in the dorsal horn, dorsolateral funiculus, intermediolateral
      cell columns and the area around the central canal. The distribution of VIP
      immunoreactivity was similar in all species studied, mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat,
      horse and the marmoset monkey. There were fewer VIP fibres in the dorsal horn of
      cervical and thoracic segments than in lumbosacral segments. Using
      radioimmunoassay this gradient increase was quantitatively most marked in the
      sacral spinal cord of the cat. In dorsal root ganglia few nerve cell bodies but
      numerous fibres were present. A dual origin for VIP in the spinal cord is
      suggested: (A) Extrinsic, from dorsal root afferent fibres since immunoreactivity
      was decreased in dorsally rhizotomized animals (cats and rats) and in capsaicin
      pretreated rats (microinjection of dorsal root ganglia). (B) From local cell
      bodies intrinsic to the spinal cord which became visible after colchicine
      pretreatment of rats.

PMID- 6433329
TI  - Effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on gonadotrophins in the
      hamster.
AB  - The changes in serum gonadotrophins in male hamsters following one injection of
      15 micrograms luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) (Group A) were
      compared with those following the last injection of LHRH in animals receiving an
      injection approximately every 12 hr for 4 days (Group B) or 12 days (Group C).
      Peak follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (ng/ml) were 1776 +/- 218 (Group
      A), 2904 +/- 346 (Group B), and 4336 +/- 449 (Group C). Peak luteinizing hormone
      (LH) values (ng/ml) were 1352 +/- 80 (Group A), 410 +/- 12 (Group B), and 498 +/-
      53 (Group C). Serum FSH:LH ratios, calculated from the concentrations measured 16
      hr after the last LHRH injections, were higher in Groups B and C than in Group A.
      Similar injections of LHRH (100 ng or 15 micrograms/injection) for 6 days
      elevated the serum FSH:LH ratio in intact males. Five such LHRH injections (100
      ng/injection) blunted the rise in serum LH in orchidectomized hamsters. Direct
      effects of LHRH on gonadotrophin secretory dynamics or altered brain-pituitary
      testicular interactions may alter the ratio of FSH to LH in the hamster.

PMID- 6433330
TI  - Bombesin increases dopamine function in rat brain areas.
AB  - Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide heterogenously distributed in the mammalian brain.
      Bombesin (45 micrograms) given intracisternally (IC) to unanesthetized rats
      increased the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in striatum,
      olfactory tubercles and hypothalamus after DOPA-decarboxylase inhibition, thus
      indicating an increased dopamine synthesis. A dose-dependent increase in
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), the principal
      dopamine metabolites, was seen in several brain areas 1 hr after IC injection of
      bombesin (0-60 micrograms). In striatum and olfactory tubercles HVA increased
      more than DOPAC with a maximal increase after 30-45 micrograms. In a time-course
      experiment a biphasic change of dopamine metabolites was observed in the
      olfactory tubercles with an actual decrease in metabolite levels 4 hr after 60
      micrograms IC bombesin injection. Co-administration of bombesin and naloxone (8
      mg/kg IP) or ethanol (2.25 g/kg IP) did not affect the increase in dopamine
      metabolites seen after bombesin alone. The action of IC administered bombesin on
      dopamine function was most pronounced in hypothalamus indicating a neuroendocrine
      regulatory of the peptide.

PMID- 6433331
TI  - Potentiation of foot shock analgesia by thyrotropin releasing hormone.
AB  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) interacts with both opioid and non-opioid
      systems in mediating hypothermic, hypoactive, cataleptic, respiratory and
      analgesic effects. While TRH neither antagonizes opioid analgesia nor alters pain
      thresholds itself, it blocks neurotensin analgesia. Different forms of pain
      inhibition in rats can be activated by selectively altering the parameters of
      shock: while analgesia induced by 20 inescapable tail-shocks is not reversed by
      naltrexone, exposure to 60 or 80 shocks does elicit naltrexone-reversible
      analgesia. The first experiment examined whether intracerebroventricular
      administration of TRH (0, 10, or 50 micrograms) would alter the elevations in
      tail-flick latencies in rats induced by 20 or 80 foot shocks and found that TRH
      significantly lengthened the duration and magnitude of analgesia induced by 20
      and 80 foot shocks in a dose-dependent manner. The second experiment extended
      these findings to the writhing test, a visceral pain test. While the number and
      duration of writhes of vehicle-treated rats exposed to 80 foot shocks failed to
      differ from baseline values. TRH (50 micrograms)-treated rats exposed to 80 foot
      shocks displayed significant decreases in the number and duration of writhes. The
      third experiment indicated that the differential effects of naltrexone upon
      analgesia induced by 20 or 80 tail shocks were not apparent when foot shocks were
      employed, precluding a definitive statement that TRH may be involved in the
      modulation of both opioid and non-opioid forms of analgesia.

PMID- 6433332
TI  - Eating disorders: a variant of mood disorders?
AB  - Symptoms of mood disorders, particularly depression, are frequently associated
      with both anorexia nervosa and bulimia although the nature of this relationship
      is unclear. This article reviews the relevant studies in this area and examines
      evidence for two hypotheses regarding the relationship between mood disorders and
      eating disorders.

PMID- 6433333
TI  - [X-ray examination of the lungs--always or sometimes?].

PMID- 6433334
TI  - [Economic aspect of the biological indications for antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 6433335
TI  - [Economic aspects of antibiotic use in hospitals (specific aspects)].

PMID- 6433336
TI  - [Determination of the therapeutic dose of lithium carbonate--Polfa on the basis
      of 24-hour load].

PMID- 6433337
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome--I. Aetiology and mechanisms.

PMID- 6433338
TI  - Seasonal allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 6433339
TI  - The role of arachidonic acid products in asthma.

PMID- 6433340
TI  - Parenteral nutrition at home.

PMID- 6433341
TI  - [Purification of soybean trypsin inhibitor by an immunosorption method].
AB  - A technique for isolation of the trypsin inhibitor from soya beans (Kunitz
      inhibitor) was developed with affinity chromatography as a main step, the
      immobilized antibodies of the inhibitor being used as a sorbent. The inhibitor
      obtained was homogeneous according to the data of electrophoresis in PAAG and had
      the specific activity equal to that of an inhibitor preparation obtained by
      affinity chromatography on trypsin-sepharose.

PMID- 6433342
TI  - [Proteolysis of horse blood serum proteins at various stages of antitoxic sera
      production by the Diaferm-3 method].
AB  - When preparing antitoxic sera by the method "Diaferm-3", it was found that
      proteolysis of the horse blood serum occurs not only at the fermentation step
      (pepsin treatment at the enzyme-substrate ratio of 1/10, t 20-23 degrees for an
      hour at pH 3.3 and for the next hour at pH 4.2), but also at the heat treatment
      step (45 min at pH 4.3, t 56-58 degrees in the presence of ammonium sulfate at a
      concentration of 140-145 g/l). At the fermentation step immunoglobulins do not
      split completely into F(ab')2 fragments, 40% of the antitoxic activity being lost
      at this step. Some ballast proteins--albumin, fibrinogen, etc.--quickly split up
      into peptides, while other proteins undergo only limited proteolysis. Structural
      destabilization of serum proteins during thermodenaturing is favorable for the
      pepsin action and provides for a complete conversion of immunoglobulins to
      F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments. At this step about 15% of the antitoxic activity is
      additionally lost. Thus, proteolysis at the thermodenaturation step is an
      essential part of the "Diaferm-3" process.

PMID- 6433343
TI  - Binding of [3H]forskolin to rat brain membranes.
AB  - [12-3H]Forskolin (27 Ci/mmol) has been used to study binding sites in rat brain
      tissue by using both centrifugation and filtration assays. The binding isotherm
      measured in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 by using the centrifugation assay is
      described best by a two-site model: Kd1 = 15 nM, Bmax1 (maximal binding) = 270
      fmol/mg of protein; Kd2 = 1.1 microM; Bmax2 = 4.2 pmol/mg of protein. Only the
      high-affinity binding sites are detected when the binding is determined by using
      a filtration assay; Kd = 26 nM, Bmax = 400 fmol/mg of protein. Analogs of
      forskolin that do not activate adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) do not compete
      effectively for [3H]forskolin binding sites. Analogs of forskolin that are less
      potent than forskolin in activating adenylate cyclase are also less potent in
      competing for forskolin binding sites. The presence of 5 mM MgCl2 or MnCl2 was
      found to enhance binding. In the presence of 1 mM EDTA the amount of high
      affinity binding is reduced to 110 fmol/mg of protein with no change in Kd. There
      is no effect of CaCl2 (20 mM) or NaCl (100 mM) on the binding. No high-affinity
      binding can be detected in membranes from ram sperm, which contains an adenylate
      cyclase that is not activated by forskolin. It is proposed that the high-affinity
      binding sites for forskolin are associated with the activated complex of
      catalytic subunit and stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein.

PMID- 6433344
TI  - Regulation of glutathione transferase and DT-diaphorase mRNAs in persistent
      hepatocyte nodules during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - We have utilized cDNA probes and in vitro translation analysis to quantitate the
      levels of rat liver glutathione transferase (glutathione S-aralkyltransferase;
      RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) and DT-diaphorase [NAD-(P)H:quinone
      acceptor oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2] mRNAs in persistent hepatocyte nodules
      induced by chemical carcinogens. Our results indicate that within the nodules,
      glutathione transferase mRNAs specific for the Ya/Yc and Yb subunits are
      increased 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively, over the levels observed in normal
      liver or in the liver tissue surrounding the nodules. Similarly, the level of DT
      diaphorase mRNA is increased 5- to 7-fold within the nodules as compared to
      surrounding liver tissue or normal liver. When animals were administered 3
      methylcholanthrene, a typical inducer of these mRNAs in normal animals, a further
      increase in the glutathione transferase Yb mRNA(s) and DT-diaphorase mRNA was
      observed in the nodules; however, the Ya/Yc mRNA levels remained unaffected. Our
      data indicate that during chemically induced neoplastic transformation, the mRNA
      levels for the Yb subunit of glutathione transferase and DT-diaphorase are
      increased in the nodules but still retain the capacity to be regulated by 3
      methylcholanthrene. Although the glutathione transferase Ya/Yc mRNAs are also
      increased in the nodules, they lost their ability to be regulated by 3
      methylcholanthrene. These latter data suggest that within the nodules there is a
      specific defect in the regulatory mechanism(s) that leads to an induction of the
      Ya/Yc mRNAs in normal tissue by xenobiotics.

PMID- 6433345
TI  - 5' untranslated sequences are required for the translational control of a yeast
      regulatory gene.
AB  - In yeast, many genes encoding amino acid biosynthetic enzymes are subject to a
      common regulatory system called the general control of amino acid biosynthesis.
      The product of the regulatory gene GCN4 is required for an increase in
      transcription of general control-regulated genes when yeast are grown under amino
      acid-starvation conditions. In this report, we show that the expression of the
      GCN4 gene is regulated at the translational level: the efficiency of translation
      of the GCN4 mRNA is dramatically increased during growth under amino acid
      starvation conditions. The complete nucleotide sequence of the GCN4 gene,
      presented here, reveals the existence of an unusually long 5' untranslated region
      in the corresponding mRNA. In vivo analysis of the effects of a deletion in this
      5' leader has enabled us to define a region required for the translational
      regulation of the GCN4 mRNA.

PMID- 6433346
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies as sensitive and specific probes for biologically
      active human gamma-interferon.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies B1 and B3 are specific for natural and Escherichia
      coli-derived recombinant human gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). The two antibodies
      recognize different epitopes of the IFN-gamma molecule and do not compete with
      each other's binding. We have used these two antibodies to construct a solid
      phase, sandwich immunoradiometric assay for human IFN-gamma. Purified antibody B1
      was coated on polystyrene beads (0.64 cm in diameter) and used as the solid-phase
      immunoadsorbent and antibody B3 was labeled with 125I and used as tracer. This
      assay can be completed in about 4 hr and is capable of detecting IFN-gamma levels
      in human serum or tissue culture fluids as low as 0.1 NIH reference unit/ml.
      Recombinant human IFN-gamma derived from E. coli was detectable at a
      concentration of 0.02 ng/ml. The assay appears to be specific for the
      biologically active forms of IFN-gamma, since after exposure to pH 2, 37 degrees
      C, or 56 degrees C, biological activity and reactivity in the immunoradiometric
      assay decreased in parallel. The immunoradiometric assay can be employed for the
      analysis of the structural characteristics of the human IFN-gamma molecule.

PMID- 6433347
TI  - 125I-labeled crosslinking reagent that is hydrophilic, photoactivatable, and
      cleavable through an azo linkage.
AB  - A radioactive crosslinking reagent, N-[4-(p-azido-m-[125I]iodophenylazo)benzoyl]
      3-aminopropyl-N' -oxysulfosuccinimide ester, has been synthesized. The reagent is
      photoactivatable, water-soluble, cleavable through an azo linkage, and labeled
      with 125I at the carrier-free specific activity of 2000 Ci/mmol. Any protein
      derivatized with the reagent is thus converted into an 125I-labeled photoaffinity
      probe. Crosslinks are formed following photolysis with 366-nm light, and cleavage
      by sodium dithionite results in the donation of radioactivity to the distal
      partner in crosslinked complexes. The newly labeled proteins are then analyzed by
      gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The compound was prepared by iodination
      of N-[4-(p-aminophenylazo)benzoyl]-3-aminopropionic acid using carrier-free
      Na125I and chloramine-T, followed by azide formation and conversion to the water
      soluble sulfosuccinimide ester. As a model system, protein A-Sepharose was
      derivatized with the reagent under subdued light. Each derivatized protein A
      molecule contained only one crosslinker. The derivatized protein A-Sepharose was
      then photolyzed in the presence of human serum and subsequently treated with
      sodium dithionite. Analysis of the serum by gel electrophoresis revealed that
      1.1% of the radioactive label originally present on the protein A-Sepharose was
      transferred to the heavy chain of IgG, which was the most intensely labeled
      protein in the gel. The next most intensely labeled protein was IgG light chain,
      which incorporated radioactivity that was lower by a factor of 3.6 than that of
      the heavy chain. These results demonstrated the specificity of the derivatized
      protein A-Sepharose as a photoaffinity probe. Photolabeling of IgG was the result
      of nitrene-mediated reactions and was not due to the incorporation of free 125I.

PMID- 6433348
TI  - Characterization and purification of a phage phi 29-encoded DNA polymerase
      required for the initiation of replication.
AB  - The phage phi 29 protein p2, required for the formation of the protein p3-dAMP
      initiation complex, has been purified from Escherichia coli cells harboring a
      gene 2-containing recombinant plasmid. The purified protein p2, of molecular
      weight 68,000, had a specific DNA polymerase activity that elongated the p3-dAMP
      initiation complex when phi 29 DNA-protein p3 was used as template. In addition,
      the purified protein p2 was active in catalyzing the initiation reaction when
      complemented with phi 29 mutant sus2-infected Bacillus subtilis or plasmid
      containing E. coli extracts providing protein p3, in the presence of phi 29 DNA
      protein p3 as template. However, when purified protein p3 was used in the
      complementation assay, a very low amount of initiation complex was formed;
      addition of extracts from uninfected B. subtilis or E. coli strongly stimulated
      the initiation reaction, indicating that, in addition to proteins p2 and p3 and
      the phi 29 DNA-protein p3 template, some host factor(s) is required for the
      formation of the p3-dAMP initiation complex. The results show that phage phi 29
      encodes a DNA polymerase that is required at the initiation step of protein
      primed DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6433349
TI  - Replication of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA in vitro: the roles of terminal protein
      and DNA polymerase.
AB  - phi 29 DNA replication is initiated by the formation of a covalent complex
      between the viral-coded terminal protein and dAMP (TP-dAMP). This initiation
      reaction system has been reconstituted from two phage-encoded proteins, the
      terminal protein and DNA polymerase. The phi 29 DNA polymerase was purified from
      phage-infected cells by using poly(dA) X p(dT)12-18 as an assay template. The
      purified polymerase has an apparent molecular mass of 68 kDa in its native form
      and it appears to function as a monomer. The terminal protein was purified to
      homogeneity from Escherichia coli cells harboring a cloned plasmid that contained
      a phi 29 gene 3 segment. The molecular mass of the purified terminal protein was
      about 30 kDa in both the denatured and the native form. The protein apparently
      functions as a monomer. When the terminal protein and DNA polymerase were
      incubated in the presence of dATP, Mg2+, and phi 29 DNA-protein as template, the
      terminal protein bound covalently to dAMP. This reaction did not require ATP. In
      addition, these two purified fractions catalyzed DNA chain elongation from both
      ends of phi 29 DNA, yielding the expected 9- to 12-base fragment when assayed in
      the presence of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine triphosphate. These results indicate that
      phi 29 DNA polymerase catalyzes formation of the terminal protein-dAMP complex
      and can also catalyze chain elongation at least 9-12 bases from both ends of phi
      29 DNA.

PMID- 6433350
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of human inhibin-like peptide-(1-31).
AB  - A peptide containing 31 amino acids with inhibin-like activity has been
      synthesized by the solid-phase method. The synthetic product was shown to be
      homogeneous in high-performance liquid chromatography and paper electrophoresis.
      In the mouse pituitary incubation system, the follitropin-suppressing activity of
      the synthetic peptide was comparable to that of the natural product. It was also
      active in suppressing lutropin-releasing hormone-induced follitropin release in
      vivo in immature male rats.

PMID- 6433351
TI  - The use of simple compartmental models in sheep metabolism studies.

PMID- 6433352
TI  - A cysteine metalloproteinase from mouse liver cytosol.
AB  - A cysteine metalloproteinase that degrades 125I-insulin B chain at neutral pH
      values was isolated from C3H mouse liver. The enzyme was partially purified from
      the 100,000g supernatant fraction by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE
      cellulose chromatography, and fast protein liquid chromatography. The molecular
      weight of the proteinase was estimated to be 190,000 by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-200. Degradation of 125I-insulin B chain by the proteinase was
      inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) and iodoacetate (cysteine proteinase
      inhibitors) and by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1,10-phenanthroline
      (metalloproteinase inhibitors). The proteinase also degraded 125I-glucagon but
      did not hydrolyze 125I-insulin, leucine-2-naphthylamide, or several large
      proteins. Equivalent levels of EDTA- and PHMB-inhibitable 125I-insulin B chain
      degrading activity were observed in the 100,000g supernatant fractions of brain,
      liver, lung, kidney, heart, and spleen from four mouse strains (C3H/HeN, CBA/J,
      ICR, and C57BL/6). High levels of 125I-insulin B chain-degrading activity were
      found in the particulate fraction of kidneys and lungs from these four mouse
      strains; these activities were inhibited by EDTA but not by PHMB. The activity of
      the soluble liver cysteine metalloproteinase was not altered in C3H mice treated
      ip with metal chelators, bacterial endotoxin, phenobarbital, dexamethasone, or
      insulin. Starvation for 24 or 48 hr and alloxan-induced diabetes diminished total
      activity of this enzyme in liver by about 50 and 30%, respectively. This soluble
      polypeptide-degrading enzyme appears to be ubiquitous in mice and to be regulated
      by nutritional conditions.

PMID- 6433353
TI  - Effects of caffeine on the growth of mandible and long bone in protein-energy
      malnourished newborn rats.
AB  - Rat dams with eight pups each were divided into six groups upon delivery; the
      first three were fed 6, 12 or 20% protein diets, and the second three the same
      diets but with caffeine added in the amount of 2 mg/100 g body wt. At Day 15,
      randomly selected pups were injected with [14C]proline to determine collagen
      synthesis of mandible and long bone. Other pups were used to determine the
      calcium content of these bones. The body, mandibular, and long bone weight of the
      pups whose dams were fed the 6% protein diet with caffeine increased compared to
      the noncaffeine group. Calcium content of the mandible and the collagen synthesis
      of the long bone were also increased. However, calcium content of long bone,
      collagen synthesis of mandible, and hydroxyproline content of mandible and long
      bone showed no difference between the caffeine and noncaffeine groups. In the
      pups whose dams were fed the 12% protein diet with caffeine, body and mandibular
      weight, collagen synthesis, and hydroxyproline and calcium contents in mandibles
      and long bones of pups showed no difference from those of the noncaffeine group,
      but long bones were heavier. In the pups whose dams were fed the 20% protein diet
      with caffeine, the body and long bone weight and hydroxyproline and calcium
      contents of the long bone of pups were lower than those of the noncaffeine group.
      Mandibular weight, calcium content, and hydroxyproline showed no difference
      between caffeine and noncaffeine animals, but collagen synthesis of the mandible
      was increased. Current data indicate that nutritional state and caffeine intake
      of the mother have a close relation to growth and development of the offspring.

PMID- 6433354
TI  - Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in extracellular matrices: sulphation
      specificity in relation to cellular differentiation.

PMID- 6433355
TI  - Chemical dissolution of common bile duct stones.
AB  - Dissolution of bile duct calculi is complicated by the facts that about 30-40% of
      them are pigment stones and the stone cannot be unambiguously identified by
      radiography before the start of therapy. Thus it does not appear logical only to
      infuse irrigation media that dissolve cholesterol (cholate, Capmul) but to use
      solutions that also dissolve calcium bilirubinate. Calcium bilirubinate is the
      most important compound in primary pigment stones in the bile duct. Thin sections
      of calcium bilirubinate stones can be dissolved in EDTA 4Na. The rate is
      determined by the temperature, the pH, and the surface tension of the solution.
      In vitro experiments showed that cholesterol stones and composition stones can be
      dissolved more rapidly by alternating therapy with an EDTA solution and a Capmul
      preparation than by monotherapy with glycerol octanoate, and that bovine pigment
      stones can also be disaggregated. Since calcium bilirubinate stones consist up to
      20-60% of an organic matrix, a mixture of glycerol octanoate and EDTA was
      prepared containing SH-activated papain. It was possible, by using this mixture,
      to disaggregate human calcium bilirubinate stones. The process of dissolution is
      complex and is not yet understood in detail. It is supposed that the important
      steps are the extraction of calcium, the chemical solution and molecular
      dispersion of bilirubin and cholesterol, and the disaggregation of the structure
      of the stone by surface-active substances. The irrigation media have but little
      effect on black pigment stones. Toxicity studies have shown that cholate,
      glycerol octanoate, and glycerol octanoate preparations are locally toxic and can
      lead to cholangitis and cholecystitis in animals. EDTA solutions bring about
      lesser changes. In humans, it has not been possible to distinguish these
      inflammatory changes unambiguously from those found in untreated gallstone
      patients.

PMID- 6433356
TI  - Intravesical chemotherapy in the management of superficial bladder tumors.

PMID- 6433357
TI  - Rationale for intensive intravesical chemotherapy.

PMID- 6433358
TI  - Disorders of fertilization, transport, and implantation.

PMID- 6433359
TI  - The endocrinology of male infertility.

PMID- 6433360
TI  - The effect of acetylsalicylate on aggregation and arachidonate metabolism by
      human platelets suspended in plasma or buffer.
AB  - Acetylsalicylate inhibits prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human
      platelets suspended in plasma or buffer. Acetylsalicylate inhibits arachidonate
      induced aggregation of human platelets suspended in plasma, but the effect of
      acetylsalicylate on arachidonate-induced aggregation of human washed platelets in
      buffer has not been reported. We have therefore studied this in relation to
      arachidonate metabolism in human platelets suspended in plasma or buffer.
      Platelets suspended in plasma and in buffer were both prepared from each donor,
      who had not taken acetylsalicylate or like-acting drugs for at least 7 days.
      Acetylsalicylate was 1500 times less potent in inhibiting arachidonate-induced
      aggregation in buffer (IC50 = 27.3 +/- 7.5 (s.e.m.)mM) than it was in plasma
      (IC50 = 18.3 +/- 6.0 microM); whereas it was only 4 times less potent in
      inhibiting thromboxane production in buffer (IC50 = 110 +/- 51.0 microM) than in
      plasma (IC50 = 25.3 +/- 8.9 microM). The acetylsalicylate concentration required
      to inhibit aggregation in buffer was sufficient to inhibit 12
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production whereas the concentration that inhibited
      thromboxane production in buffer was not. These results indicate that
      arachidonate-induced aggregation of platelets in buffer may depend on product(s)
      of lipoxygenase rather than of cyclooxygenase, and is hence insensitive to
      inhibition by acetylsalicylate compared with arachidonate-induced aggregation of
      platelets in plasma.

PMID- 6433361
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism by neonatal lungs perfused with Krebs bicarbonate
      buffer.
AB  - We characterized and quantified products of exogenous arachidonic acid metabolism
      by neonatal lamb lungs perfused with Krebs solution and determined effects of
      alveolar hypoxia upon this metabolism. The predominant metabolite was PGI2 (62.4
      +/- 5.8 (SEM)% of the total prostanoids (PGs) produced). An additional 23.1 +/-
      6.7% was metabolized PGI2. PGE2 (1.7 +/- 3.0%) was produced also. Little
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (3.3 +/- 1.7%) was synthesized by these platelet-free
      lungs. Although the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to arachidonic acid
      infusion reached a plateau in 71 +/- 19 seconds, the PG efflux was greater 8-15
      minutes after beginning arachidonic acid infusion (3066 +/- 1353 ng/min) than 1-8
      minutes into the infusion (899 +/- 343 ng/min). Reduction of FIO2 from 20% to 3%
      O2 which produces vasoconstriction in the absence of exogenous arachidonic acid,
      did not alter the PG profile nor quantity produced. With respect to the neonatal
      lamb pulmonary vasculature perfused with Krebs solution, we conclude: 1)
      exogenous arachidonic acid ultimately is metabolized predominantly to PGI2, 2)
      arachidonic acid-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction is not caused by TXA2, 3)
      short term hypoxia does not alter the conversion of excess arachidonic acid to
      PGs, and 4) a lag between intrapulmonary PG synthesis and pulmonary venous efflux
      may occur.

PMID- 6433362
TI  - Inhibition of cyclooxygenase production does not prevent arachidonate from
      increasing extravascular lung water and albumin in an isolated dog lung.
AB  - We examined the hypothesis that arachidonic acid can lead to pulmonary edema,
      increased pulmonary vascular permeability, and increased pulmonary vascular
      resistance (PVR) in an isolated dog lung. The lung was perfused with a dextran
      salt solution to remove blood elements. Compared to controls, 20 mg/min sodium
      arachidonate into the pulmonary circulation led to edema and to an increase in a
      permeability and surface area index (PSI%), PVR, and cyclooxygenase (i.e.
      prostaglandin) production as measured by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2 and PGF2 alpha.
      With 20 mg/min arachidonate, indomethacin inhibited the increase in
      cyclooxygenase production, reduced the increase in PVR and increased the edema
      and PSI%. Indomethacin, alone, did not produce edema or an increase in PSI% or
      PVR. Lower doses of arachidonate (0.1 to 5 mg/min) led to increasing
      cyclooxygenase production without obvious edema or an increase in PSI% or PVR. We
      conclude: 1) arachidonate can lead to pulmonary edema and an increase in PVR, and
      may lead to an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability; these effects of
      arachidonate do not require normal numbers of circulating blood elements; 2)
      arachidonate appears to contribute to pulmonary edema and increased PSI% by a
      noncyclooxygenase effect since inhibition of cyclooxygenase production did not
      prevent, and lower doses of cyclooxygenase production did not produce edema or an
      increase in PSI%; 3) the increase in PVR appeared to have a cyclooxygenase
      component since inhibition of cyclooxygenase production reduced the increase, and
      4) indomethacin can increase the magnitude of edema and PSI% from arachidonate by
      an undefined mechanism.

PMID- 6433363
TI  - Effects of the serine protease inhibitor gabexate mesilate on purified pancreatic
      phospholipase A2.
AB  - The catalytic activity of purified porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 is
      competitively inhibited by the cationic amphiphilic serine protease inhibitor
      gabexate mesilate (ethyl 4-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy) benzoate methanesulfonate). A
      Ki of 1.3 X 10(-4)M was found when 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine
      was used as a substrate. The main metabolites of this drug, 6-guanidinocaproic
      acid and ethyl p-hydroxy-benzoate, had no effect in concentrations up to 10(-2)M.
      From the high gabexate mesilate concentrations required to reduce phospholipase
      A2 activity and from the considerably lower drug concentrations sufficient to
      cause beneficial effects in acute pancreatitis it is concluded that direct
      inhibition of pancreatic phospholipase A2 cannot be the cause of the therapeutic
      results, improvement of the symptoms and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6433364
TI  - Rat pulmonary artery responses to some mediators of anaphylaxis: modifications by
      indomethacin.
AB  - Rat extralobar pulmonary artery responses to some anaphylactic mediators and
      arachidonic acid metabolites were studied on "in vitro". Histamine (H), serotonin
      (5HT), bradykinin (Bk) and norepinephrine (NE) contract the pulmonary arteries;
      all the arachidonic acid metabolites tested (PGE2 - PGF2 alpha - PGI2 - LTC4)
      also exert a vasocontractile activity and among these PGF2 alpha is the most
      active whereas LTC4 exerts only a weak effect. Isoproterenol, papaverine and
      adenosine weakly relax the vascular preparation, while acetylcholine and PAF
      acether have no effect. The interference of indomethacin on NE-5HT-H-induced
      contractions has been investigated. Indomethacin reduced the contractile activity
      of H while the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor did not significantly interfere with the
      effect of NE and 5HT. The possible relationships between some anaphylactic
      mediators and the arachidonic acid metabolites have been discussed.

PMID- 6433365
TI  - Effects of valproic acid derivatives on the acquisition of active avoidance
      behavior in the rat.
AB  - The effects of valproic acid derivatives on the acquisition of active avoidance
      behavior have been studied in the rat. Sodium valproate (50 and 100 mg/kg),
      magnesium valproate (100 mg/kg) and dipropylacetamide (100 mg/kg) were
      administered intraperitoneally 1 hr prior to the behavioral test (shuttle-box,
      single session). Acquisition of active avoidance behavior was facilitated by
      sodium valproate, unaffected by magnesium valproate, and inhibited by
      dipropylacetamide. These findings suggest that behavioral effects of valproic
      acid derivatives cannot be explained only in terms of a general inhibitory action
      on the central nervous system.

PMID- 6433366
TI  - Induction of cytochrome P450 by xenobiotics.
AB  - It is apparent that the exposure of animals to xenobiotics has a profound effect
      upon the expression of cytochrome P450. In this manuscript, phenobarbital and 3MC
      have been selected from the many xenobiotics capable of eliciting this affect to
      demonstrate the magnitude of changes occurring at the level of the nucleic acids.
      We have seen that effects include increased levels of particular RNA polymerase
      isozymes; stabilization of ribosomes and increased synthesis of ribosomal RNA;
      increase in the amount of mature messenger RNA for individual cytochrome P450
      components; and an increase in the amount of nuclear RNA precursors. How these
      effects come about is a matter for speculation. However, it is clear that the
      mechanisms by which this is accomplished differ substantially for both
      phenobarbital and 3MC. 3MC may induce cytochrome P450c through its interaction
      with a cytosolic "receptor" and subsequent activation of chromatin. The details
      must await further study.

PMID- 6433367
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on experimentally induced
      convulsions in rats.
AB  - To investigate the relationship of prostaglandins (PGs) to seizure induction, the
      effects of six PG synthetase inhibitors on convulsions induced by flurothyl,
      picrotoxin, pentetrazol (PTZ), electroshock or bicuculline were evaluated.
      Ibuprofen, sulindac, mefenamic acid, and low dose meclofenamic acid increased the
      latency-to-onset in the flurothyl and/or PTZ models; the electroshock, picrotoxin
      and bicuculline models were not significantly affected by any of the pretreatment
      agents. These results suggest that PGs are involved in the mechanism(s)
      underlying fluorthyl- and PTZ-induced convulsions, but not picrotoxin-,
      electroshock-, or bicuculline-induced convulsions.

PMID- 6433368
TI  - A new approach to overcome the inconveniences in electron dosimetry associated
      with the beam scanning technique in linacs.
AB  - The therapeutic advantages of scanned electron beams from medical linear
      accelerators are accompanied by difficulties in electron dosimetry. Owing to
      short-time dose inhomogeneities in the treatment field, implicit in the system,
      time-consuming point-by-point measurements of dose distributions are normally
      required. However, by triggering the measuring time synchronously with the slow
      scan frequency, the time necessary to record reliable dose distributions can be
      shortened considerably. The instrumentation for the computer-controlled dosimetry
      system developed for this task is described. The results of our measurements show
      that reproducibility in dose within +/- 1% is achievable in less than 6.3 s per
      point for scanned electron beams.

PMID- 6433369
TI  - Blood flow in the feet of diabetic patients measured with a MWPC positron camera
      and inhalation of C15O2.

PMID- 6433370
TI  - Financial model to determine the effect of clinical education programs on
      physical therapy departments.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a financial model to help administrators
      determine the financial effect of physical therapy clinical education programs on
      facilities. I developed the model from an analysis of actual field data collected
      on the financial and time variables involved in the clinical education process.
      Therapists with and without students were matched in six (three large, three
      small) physical therapy departments. Each completed a modified time-motion study
      for a sample of typical days during 2 six-week student affiliation periods and
      for a one-week period without students. I identified and field tested five
      factors that can be integrated into a simple financial model. The field results
      also supported the concept that a clinical education program was profitable,
      producing an $89 per day per student net benefit, even though therapists working
      with students spent less time in income-generating activities.

PMID- 6433371
TI  - The use of drugs in rheumatic diseases.
AB  - Specific information concerning the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents,
      salicylates, analgesics, remittive drugs, and other adjunctive treatments used
      for rheumatic diseases are addressed. Based on a good diagnosis, pharmacotherapy
      combined with other approaches can result in successful treatment of most cases
      of arthritis.

PMID- 6433372
TI  - The effects of carbamazepine on the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone.
AB  - A thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) stimulation test with thyroid
      releasing hormone (TRH) was performed on six patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of
      major depressive disorder, both before and during a trial of carbamazepine.
      Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant effective in the treatment of affective illness,
      caused a reduction in the TSH response to TRH. This finding suggests that
      carbamazepine may decrease thyroid function primarily at the level of the
      pituitary in affectively ill patients.

PMID- 6433373
TI  - Esther Menaker.

PMID- 6433374
TI  - On being seventy-five.

PMID- 6433375
TI  - The response to self development: on the necessity of parallel development in
      analyst and patient.

PMID- 6433376
TI  - The therapeutic object relationship.
AB  - This paper introduces the concept of the therapeutic object relationship in order
      to clarify our understanding of the nature of fully analytic work with the more
      regressive patient, which has unsystematically developed over the last 30 or 40
      years. The need for such a clarifying concept seems to arise from several
      sources. Our analytic work with the more regressed patient appears to entail a
      relationship demand factor which cannot be usefully treated only as resistance to
      the development of the transference. These are patients with what may be
      described as object hunger emanating from faulted ego development and a
      disordered internal object world. This object hunger cannot be adequately met
      within the framework of the tacit, ordinary, good-enough environment of the
      concerned and nonjudgmental analyst. In addition, the literature on this subject
      still dichotomizes the relationship factor of treatment from the transference.
      The concept of the therapeutic object relationship appears to offer the
      possibility of a clinical and theoretical unification between transference and
      relationship. The major point of the paper may be described in terms of the
      manner in which we have progressed from Eissler's parameter paper of 1953 to the
      widened scope of analytic work made possible by object relations theory,
      developmental theory and observation of infant and child development. The face of
      analysis seems to have undergone profound modification from the early classical
      model to one in which developmental maturation, in addition to making unconscious
      conflict conscious, has become a matter for our concern. This change seems to
      require seeing the analyst as a special form of real object with whom the patient
      passes through a revised version of certain developmental pathways. The
      therapeutic object relationship is viewed as a potentially unifying concept which
      may make possible higher degrees of generalization about the variously
      unsystematized approaches to analyzing the more regressive, but nonpsychotic
      patient. Some history of definition of the analytic relationship in terms of
      transference or relationship is presented. In the course of the paper the
      therapeutic object relationship is gradually defined as one of: primal intimacy;
      increased permeability of boundaries between self and other; intensive empathic
      interaction; the evolution of self and object definition in a context of intimate
      relation with an object that is instrumental in this process; and the activation
      of transcendant forms of symbolic-creative intercommunication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6433377
TI  - Perspectives on self and object.
AB  - The normal adult is able both to experience himself and to know himself as an
      object in the world; he is capable of both subjective and objective self
      awareness. Both types of awareness are developmental achievements, and their
      integration is related to the development of self-constancy and the sense of
      reality and identify. They are perspectives depending on where the line is drawn
      between the self observing and the self observed, and they vary in altered states
      of consciousness. Psychological theories also vary along these dimensions and
      although psychoanalysis is distinctive in attempting to integrate both
      viewpoints, the language of the theory and certain technical parameters change as
      the emphasis changes from defects in objective self-awareness to defects in
      subjective awareness.

PMID- 6433378
TI  - The anxiety of influence in the creation of theory.

PMID- 6433379
TI  - Psychoanalysis and human evolution.

PMID- 6433380
TI  - Courage and masochism in psychotherapy.

PMID- 6433381
TI  - Preoedipal girls need fathers.

PMID- 6433382
TI  - The psychoanalytic paradox: the self as a transitional object.
AB  - I have focused upon a group of patients whose biological needs for nurture and
      comfort were adequately met but whose mothers never related to them beyond simple
      caretaking. They never smiled at their children inasmuch as they derived no
      pleasure from playing with them or in their emerging sense of aliveness. From
      both the analyses of mothers and these patients, it appears that the mothers used
      their children as transitional objects. In turn, the children's emotional
      development became fixated in the in-between transition space. This fixation led
      to specific types of character structure and ego defects. Early development
      levels did not form a smooth continuum with higher later acquired adaptive ego
      states. There seem to be extensive lacunae in the middle layers of the psychic
      apparatus which manifested themselves as defective modulating elements. These
      patients showed extremes of behavior, marked polarities of sane, sensitive
      rationality to psychoticlike irrational episodes. There were no transitional gray
      areas between black and white. They exhibited a peculiar kind of fragmentation or
      splitting in which connecting bridges between higher and lower levels were
      missing. There are many such patients who seek treatment. However, they present
      special problems in therapy which can be explained in terms of the psychoanalytic
      paradox. The psychoanalytic paradox refers to a treatment impasse caused by an
      imbrication of psychopathology and various attributes of the psychoanalytic
      method. The mother's attitude toward her infant child has some similarity to the
      low-keyed objective analytic attitude, what has been sometimes referred to as
      analytic neutrality. These patients require different modes of relating which
      indicate that the therapist is, unlike the mother, very much concerned with their
      patient's developing autonomy and their entering and exploring the external
      world. These variations of analysis are not modifications or deviations of
      analysis. They are elements of the analytic process necessary for the treatment
      of specific types of psychopathology. Just as each patient is unique and the
      transference manifests itself in a particular fashion which then causes the
      analyst to make certain interpretations, the variations of technique discussed in
      this article address themselves to the construction of a holding environment
      appropriate for this group of patients.

PMID- 6433383
TI  - Validity of the Goldberg rules for classifying psychopathology in epilepsy.

PMID- 6433384
TI  - Studies on the age-dependent nature of the response to LHRH given via different
      routes.
AB  - The effect of synthetic LHRH on circulating levels of LH and FSH in three groups
      of male rats, prepubertal, pubertal and adult, was compared after intravenous,
      intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration. In two further series of
      experiments, infusion of LHRH over 120 min or two i.v. bolus injection at an
      interval of 60 min were carried out. Blood was collected from individual animals
      at each time-point before and after LHRH administration. The results indicate
      that the responsiveness of LH and FSH to LHRH was dependent not only on the
      routes of injection but also on the maturation of the animals. The infusion of
      LHRH induced the greatest response of LH and FSH in all the groups of animals.
      The pubertal group demonstrated greater responsiveness of LH than the other two
      groups. The second bolus injection of LHRH after 60 min elicited a much greater
      response for both gonadotropins in all age groups than that following the first
      injection. This indicates the existence of a priming effect of LHRH on LH and
      FSH; this effect was observed in all groups irrespective of their maturational
      status.

PMID- 6433385
TI  - A critique of the vasopressin-memory hypothesis.
AB  - During the past 20 years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that the
      neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) enhances memory by acting on central mechanisms,
      and that oxytocin (OT) has amnestic effects. In this review, the evidence for the
      memory hypothesis with respect to VP is considered and alternative
      interpretations evaluated. A critical approach has been adopted; negative
      findings, design considerations and problems with the various hypotheses are
      given prominence. It is concluded that the memory hypothesis fails to provide an
      adequate account, and some alternative theories and suggestions are discussed. It
      is speculated that the peptide may affect behaviour by two distinct mechanisms:
      peripheral action may involve reinforcement mechanisms, but its central role may
      be to modulate arousal level, especially in stressful situations.

PMID- 6433386
TI  - Enkephalinase inhibition antagonizes the increased susceptibility to seizure
      induced by REM sleep deprivation.
AB  - In order to elucidate the relationship between REM sleep and the enkephalinergic
      system, the effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMSD), stress and the
      enkephalinase inhibitor phosphoramidon on handling-induced convulsions were
      studied in mice. REMSD, stress and phosphoramidon (25-500 micrograms icv)
      increased the frequency of handling-induced convulsions (HIC) in normal mice.
      However, only in the last two groups were HIC antagonized by naloxone (1 mg/kg
      IP). In REMSD mice, phosphoramidon decreased the frequency of HIC, this effect
      being abolished by naloxone. The increase of neuronal excitability during REMSD
      is suggested to be associated with an insufficiency of the enkephalinergic
      system.

PMID- 6433387
TI  - Effects of drug-induced differences in reinforcement frequency on discriminative
      stimulus properties of fentanyl.
AB  - Rats were trained to discriminate between fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg) and saline in a
      two-lever procedure. Using a FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement, drug-induced
      differences between the number of reinforcers obtained under fentanyl and saline
      conditions were observed. The effect of eliminating these differences on the
      outcome of generalization tests was investigated by different manipulations. In
      one group (N = 10), the FR 10 schedule used during saline sessions was changed to
      FR 6 during drug sessions. In a second group (N = 12), saline sessions ended
      after the number of reinforcers obtained was equal to the number obtained during
      the preceding drug session. A control group (N = 10) was trained using a FR 10
      schedule under both conditions. Elimination of differences in reinforcement
      frequency accelerated the acquisition of the discrimination, diminished response
      bias, flattened the slope and reduced the ED50 value of generalization gradients
      of fentanyl, morphine and sufentanil and increased the ED50 value of naloxone in
      antagonizing 0.04 mg/kg fentanyl. It is concluded that the unconditioned effects
      of 0.04 mg/kg fentanyl on response rate in a FR 10 procedure lead to differences
      between saline and drug sessions which contribute to the apparent discriminative
      stimulus properties of fentanyl.

PMID- 6433388
TI  - Differential response to cholinergic stimulation in psychogenitically selected
      rat lines.
AB  - Male and female rats of two lines psychogenetically selected for bipolar extremes
      in shuttle box avoidance were evaluated for tremor, salivation,
      chromodacryoorhea, and hypothermia following treatment with the muscarinic
      cholinergic agonist oxotremorine. Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA/Verh) rats exhibited
      more pronounced oxotremorine-induced tremor, chromodacryorrhea, and hypothermia
      than Roman High-Avoidance (RHA/Verh) rats. There was a sex difference only for a
      chromodacryorrhea response, with females exhibiting a greater response following
      oxotremorine than males. In a subsequent experiment using female rats of both rat
      lines, it was demonstrated that pre-treatment with the cholinergic antagonist
      scopolamine blocked oxotremorine-induced tremor, salivation and chromodacryorrhea
      responses in both rat lines and reduced the hypothermic effect observed in
      RLA/Verh rats (but not the much weaker hypothermia found in RHA/Verh rats) after
      oxotremorine injection. Pretreatment with the peripherally active cholinergic
      antagonist methscopolamine significantly reduced oxotremorine-induced salivation
      and chromocacryorrhea and somewhat decreased tremor and hypothermic responses in
      both rat lines. These results stand in contrast to the results of earlier
      research in which RHA/Verh rats exhibited greater behavioral depression in a
      tunnel maze than RLA/Verh rats following cholinergic manipulations. In view of
      evidence that these rat lines do not differ in number of muscarinic brain
      receptors, the present results may be due to genetic differences in other aspects
      of cholinergic neurotransmitter function, differences in the function of other
      neurochemical systems, or differences in the absorption, distribution, or
      metabolism of oxotremorine.

PMID- 6433389
TI  - Effects of ethanol on murine aggression assessed by biting of an inanimate
      target.
AB  - The effects of acutely administered ethanol (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, IP) were
      studied in a tube-restraint/target biting model of "aggressive" responding using
      naive group- and individually-housed male Swiss mice. Behavioural measures were
      the latency to the first bite and the biting frequency. In saline-injected
      control animals, the levels of responding were significantly higher in group
      housed than isolated mice. Animals given alcohol exhibited a dose-dependent
      suppression of biting frequency, and an increase in biting latency. Mice
      experienced in the tube-testing situation showed reduced baseline levels of
      biting, but alcohol produced similar effects to those in naive mice. There was no
      evidence of a biphasic action of alcohol.

PMID- 6433390
TI  - Alcohol increases both locomotion and immobility in mice: an ethological analysis
      of spontaneous motor activity.
AB  - The effects of alcohol on locomotor activity of group- and individually-housed
      mice were studied using direct ethological observations, including a detailed
      postural analysis and measures of both locomotion and immobility. Ethanol (0,
      0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, IP) was given to subjects placed alone in a novel cage,
      and videotape recordings of behaviour were made. Locomotor activity was unchanged
      or increased by alcohol administration. Immobility was profoundly increased,
      however, at both the intermediate and high doses of alcohol, so that there was a
      simultaneous increase in measures of both locomotion and immobility. These
      increases were possible because of a decrease in certain active but non-locomotor
      elements of behaviour, such as rearing and digging. There generally appeared to
      be little effect of differential housing, although blood alcohol levels were
      significantly higher in group-housed animals. This depressant effect of alcohol
      would probably not be detected by simply recording locomotor activity, since
      ambulation itself was unchanged or increased. Measurements of both locomotion and
      immobility may thus more accurately detect stimulant and depressant effects of
      drugs.

PMID- 6433391
TI  - Long term effects of chronic chlordiazepoxide (CDP) administration.
AB  - Three experiments were carried out to test the long-term behavioral effects of 12
      days administration of CDP (5 mg/kg/day) in rats. In the first two experiments, 4
      weeks after the end of drug administration (CDP or placebo), and after 2 weeks of
      training to run a straight alley for food reward, animals were tested in
      extinction, i.e., following omission of reward (Expt. 1) or with punishment,
      i.e., 0.3 mA electric shock in addition to the food reward (Expt. 2). Drug
      treated animals showed significantly increased resistance to extinction and to
      punishment compared with controls. In the third experiment, 10 weeks after drug
      administration, animals were exposed to 60 s of intense noise to induce
      audiogenic seizures. The convulsant metrazol was injected 5 min prior to
      successive sessions (10 min apart) with doses starting at 10 mg/kg an increased
      by 10 mg/kg each session up to 40 mg/kg. Drug-treated animals were significantly
      less susceptible to seizures than their placebo controls. These results suggest
      that chronic benzodiazepine treatment causes long-term neurochemical changes
      which are responsible for the observed behavioral effects.

PMID- 6433392
TI  - 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion of the dopamine mesocorticolimbic cell bodies increases
      (+)-amphetamine self-administration.
AB  - The effect of 6-OHDA lesions of the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic cell bodies on
      intravenous (+)-amphetamine self-administration in the rat was assessed. An
      acquisition paradigm was used in which the rat had to discriminate between an
      active and an inactive lever. Each press on the active lever delivered 7.5
      micrograms/kg (+)-amphetamine. The lesioned animals acquired this discrimination
      faster and hence self-administered a larger amount of drug. Thus dysfunction of
      dopaminergic neurons can induce an enhanced vulnerability to drugs which may be
      abused by humans.

PMID- 6433393
TI  - Alaproclate--an open clinical study in depressive illness.
AB  - This open study of alaproclate points towards an antidepressant effect in a a
      relatively chronic and drug-resistant group of depressives. Five patients had an
      average improvement of more than 21 points on the Hamilton Rating Scale for
      Depression and six had an average improvement of seven points. Several patients
      had anticholinergic side effects, abnormal results in liver functional tests and
      faecal occult blood, but none were bad enough to require being taken off the drug
      and most side effects improved before the end of the trial. The biochemical
      results suggested that the responders and non-responders constituted two distinct
      biological groups. In the patients who responded well to treatment there were
      increases in Km values consistent with treatment. The Km and 5-HT values
      correlated strongly with plasma drug values. There was a strong correlation
      between Hamilton Rating scores in the 4th week and Km values in the 4th week,
      although there were only five cases. However, there were no significant
      relationships between improvement and any pretreatment value. These results are
      sufficiently promising to suggest that a controlled clinical trial would yield
      information on alaproclate as a therapeutic aid.

PMID- 6433394
TI  - Opioid peptides and self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat.
AB  - The possible involvement of opioid peptides as part of the neurochemical
      substrates of self-stimulation (SS) in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) of the
      rat was investigated in two different groups of rats bilaterally implanted with
      monopolar electrodes in the MPC. In the first group, morphine (5, 10, and 20
      micrograms) and an enkephalin analogue (BW 180) (5, 10, 20 and 40 micrograms)
      were injected through cannulae implanted into the lateral ventricles (IV). In the
      second group, naloxone (0.04, 0.4, and 1.6 micrograms) and morphine (5, 10 and 20
      micrograms) were injected through cannulae implanted into the MPC, 1.5 mm above
      the tip of the stimulating electrodes. In the first group, spontaneous motor
      activity (SMA) was measured as a control for non-specific effects (sedation or
      motor dysfunction). In the second group SS, contralateral to the microinjected
      side, served as control. SS and SMA were were measured 1 and 2 h postinjection.
      One hour after IV injection of morphine SS was not affected, although SMA was
      decreased. Two hours postinjection, on the contrary, SS was increased while SMA
      remained decreased. Similar effects were found with IV microinjections of BW 180.
      Naloxone, intraperitoneally injected, reversed all these effects. Naloxone or
      morphine injected intracerebrally (MPC) produced no changes in SS either in the
      injected or in the contralateral side, which served as control. The present
      results suggest that the effects found with IV injections of opioids on SS of the
      MPC are indirect (through activation of other brain areas) and not mediated by a
      direct action on the neurochemical substrates underlying this behaviour in the
      MPC.

PMID- 6433395
TI  - Supersensitivity psychosis in schizophrenic patients after sudden clozapine
      withdrawal.
AB  - In two patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were on clozapine medication for
      more than 6 months, a sudden withdrawal of the drug resulted in a very pronounced
      deterioration of the psychosis within 24-48 h. The most prominent symptoms were
      auditory hallucinations and persecutory ideas and one patient tried to commit
      suicide. These observations are interpreted as supersensitivity psychoses induced
      by the very effective clozapine treatment.

PMID- 6433396
TI  - Comparison of therapeutic response to long-term treatment with lecithin versus
      piracetam plus lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6433397
TI  - [Use of purine derivatives for normalizing the hypothalamic function of rats
      subjected to gamma-neutron irradiation].
AB  - In this work, the authors have made an attempt to correct pharmacologically the
      disorders in the regulatory function of hypothalamus caused by gamma/neutron
      irradiation. For this purpose purine derivatives, ethymisol and meradin, were
      used. These preparations were effective in correcting fully or partially the
      postirradiation shifts in the balance between the hypothalamus mediators,
      catecholamines, and their biosynthetic precursor, dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA). In
      addition, meradin increased the firmness of the bone regenerator in the
      traumatized extremity of the animal.

PMID- 6433398
TI  - [Labeling of erythrocytes with indium oxinate].

PMID- 6433399
TI  - Some telltales and pitfalls in chest radiology.
AB  - The chest radiograph may contain a wealth of information concerning the patient's
      condition and habits. Moreover, looking at the neck and chest wall and below the
      diaphragm is an integral part of reading the chest radiograph. A few pitfalls are
      also described in this article.

PMID- 6433400
TI  - Nonpulmonary abnormalities recognizable in pediatric chest radiographs.
AB  - Systemic disorders can often be recognized or suspected from chest radiographs.
      This is often true in pediatric radiology. In this article, the author presents a
      sampling of metabolic, hematologic, and endocrine diseases as well as
      malformations that are recognizable on pediatric chest radiographs.

PMID- 6433401
TI  - Thoracic manifestations of neurocutaneous diseases.
AB  - Classic neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia can
      affect the chest and respiratory system. These diseases are reviewed with
      particular emphasis on their thoracic and radiographic manifestations.

PMID- 6433402
TI  - Intravascular contrast agents suitable for magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Two paramagnetic chelates, chromium EDTA and gadolinium DTPA, were evaluated as
      potential intravenous contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MR) using a
      0.5-T superconducting scanner. After evaluating both agents in vitro, in vivo
      studies were conducted in dogs to document changes in renal appearance produced
      by contrast injection. Acute splenic and renal infarction were diagnosed with
      contrast-enhanced MR and confirmed by gamma camera imaging following
      administration of Tc-99m-labeled DMSA and sulfur colloid. The authors conclude
      that intravenous paramagnetic contrast agents presently offer the best mechanism
      for assessment of tissue function and changes in perfusion with MR.

PMID- 6433403
TI  - Feed-forward inhibition in the hippocampal formation.
AB  - An overview of the current literature reveals a richness and complexity of
      anatomical, pharmacological and physiological features of the input systems to
      the archicortex. Evidence is cited to demonstrate that several afferent paths
      terminate on and directly excite hippocampal formation interneurons ("non
      principal" cells) besides their contacts with pyramidal and granule cells
      (principal cells). Since all interneurons are thought to be inhibitory, afferent
      excitation results in a dual effect: direct excitation of principal cells is
      coupled with concurrent disynaptic feed-forward inhibition. Interneuron
      activation generally precedes principal cell activation when both are driven by a
      given afferent path. At least some interneurons take a part in both feed-back and
      feed-forward inhibition. It is suggested that most of the major inputs to the
      hippocampal formation dually innervate both interneurons and principal cells and
      that the excitability of the principal cells depends upon the relative strengths
      of the inputs to these two cell types. The hypothesis of dual innervation appears
      powerful in resolving existing anatomical and physiological controversies.

PMID- 6433404
TI  - [Nursing administrative practice in the network of health services].

PMID- 6433405
TI  - [Nutritional status in a rural school age population].

PMID- 6433406
TI  - [Non-surgical macrocephaly].

PMID- 6433407
TI  - [Effect of a new immunomodulator on the function of macrophages in mice].

PMID- 6433408
TI  - [Anatomo-pathological changes in the heart in Fabry's disease. Report of a case].

PMID- 6433409
TI  - [Carcinoma of pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum].

PMID- 6433410
TI  - Increased cardiovascular responsiveness to GABAergic stimulation in DOCA-salt
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cerebral glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats
      showed a significant increase in the mesencephalon and a significant decrease in
      the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum, compared to that observed in
      mononephrectomized normotensive animals. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection
      of muscimol (0.5, 1 and 2 micrograms), a GABA receptor agonist, produced a dose
      dependent decrease in heart rate (HR), significantly greater in freely moving
      hypertensive animals than in normotensive controls. Muscimol also reduced mean
      arterial pressure (MAP). The hypotensive effect induced by muscimol (2
      micrograms) was significantly higher in hypertensive animals. Ethanolamine-O
      sulphate (5, 10, 20 and 40 microM), an inhibitor of GABA breakdown, determined a
      decrease in MAP and in HR greater in hypertensive than in normotensive rats.
      Intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid (50-100 mg/Kg/die) for 6 weeks
      significantly reduced the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. The anti
      hypertensive effect became significant during the 4th week and was dose
      dependent. DOCA-salt animals, daily treated with 50 mg/Kg of valproic acid,
      showed an increased pressor response to intravenous injection of phenylephrine
      (0.1, 0.5 and 1 microgram/Kg). Data strongly support an impairment of cerebral
      GABA control of blood pressure and heart rate in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6433411
TI  - The limit of hyperthermic strain on skeletal muscle tissue during regional
      perfusion.
AB  - In experiments with dogs (n = 43), we studied the influence of different
      temperatures on the hind leg subjected to an isolated perfusion over a period of
      1 and 2 h. The main supplying vessels of a hind leg were clamped, cannulated, and
      connected to an extracorporeal circulation unit which consisted of a roller pump,
      an oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Whole blood was used for the regional
      perfusion at a flow rate of 10 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1 of tissue. Intramuscular
      (i.m.) temperatures were set at 38 degrees 40 degrees, 42 degrees, and 43.5
      degrees C, respectively. The perfusion pressure, the osmotic resistance of the
      erythrocytes and the metabolic status in specimens of skeletal muscle obtained at
      the end of the perfusion period or after an 8-day follow-up observation served as
      parameters. A perfusion of 1 and 2 h at temperatures of up to 42 degrees C did
      not result in alterations of the energy metabolism. When the i.m. temperature was
      raised to 43.5 degrees C, a significant decrease in muscular high-energy
      compounds and an accumulation of lactate occurred. Only under this condition was
      there a rise in the perfusion pressure and a drastic reduction in the blood pH
      value in the venous line of the extracorporeal circulation. Acidosis and
      hyperthermia of 43.5 degrees C produced a marked reduction in the osmotic
      resistance of the erythrocytes.

PMID- 6433412
TI  - Effect of lysine-acetylsalicylate and phenylbutazone premedication on the protein
      content of secondary aqueous humour in the dog.
AB  - Inhibitory effects of the anti-inflammatory agents lysine-acetylsalicylate (LAS)
      and phenylbutazone (PBZ) on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier by
      paracentesis were studied in canine eyes using protein determination of ocular
      fluid. In the untreated eyes the aqueous protein value was raised from 0.29 +/-
      0.17 (mean +/- SD) g litre-1 at the initial paracentesis to 14.47 +/- 4.10 g
      litre-1 at the second paracentesis. Pretreatment with LAS or PBZ had no
      significant effect on the protein concentration of the primary aqueous humour.
      However the secondary aqueous protein concentration was only 10.05 +/- 7.00 g
      litre-1 with LAS and 5.80 +/- 3.83 g litre-1 with PBZ. With both drugs the
      maximum inhibitory effect was observed on the gammaglobulins and albumin. These
      results suggest that prostaglandins may be involved in the response of the canine
      eye to paracentesis and that premedication with LAS or PBZ may be of value in
      reducing postoperative ocular inflammation.

PMID- 6433413
TI  - Hypersensitivity to dietary components in young farm animals: isolation and
      partial purification of bovine immunoglobulin E.
AB  - An antibody of known specificity and active in long (72 hours) latent period
      passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions, was isolated and partially purified
      from bovine serum. This antibody was not associated with immunoglobulins IgG, IgM
      or IgA. A rabbit antiserum raised against this antibody and used as an
      immunoabsorbent, successfully recovered skin sensitising antibody from bovine
      reaginic serum.

PMID- 6433414
TI  - Alveolar gas pressure changes with resistive loads in man.
AB  - Respiratory responses to a single breath during which a resistive load was
      applied were studied in 8 conscious subjects. There was an increase in
      inspiratory time (TI), an increase in end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) and a decrease in
      end-tidal PO2 (PETO2) on the resisted breath. 12 subjects were given a single
      inspiration of a mixture of air containing increased CO2 and reduced O2. This gas
      mixture induced changes in PETCO2 and PETO2 approximately double those seen with
      the resistive loads. There was no change in tidal volume (VT), TI or expiratory
      time during the first breath. During the following breath there was a small
      increase in TI and VT. The results indicate that although resistive loading may
      cause changes in PETCO2 and PETO2, these changes are unlikely to contribute to
      the respiratory responses during the first loaded breath.

PMID- 6433415
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with
      respiratory insufficiency without acute failure.
AB  - Permanent pulmonary arterial hypertension is a standard part of the prognosis for
      patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. As a decrease of pulmonary
      arterial hypoxic vasoconstriction may be obtained by calcium antagonists, we
      studied the effects of nifedipine (10 mg sublingually) in 10 patients with
      chronic respiratory insufficiency without acute respiratory failure. Our results
      show that maximal expiratory air flow was not altered. The pulmonary
      antihypertensive action of this drug, which is less effective than oxygen
      breathing at low concentration, was associated with a constant decrease of
      arterial oxygen partial pressure; the oxygen transport was not sustained for
      every patient. This result suggests that considerable caution should be exercised
      in using this drug for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in
      patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency without acute failure.

PMID- 6433416
TI  - [Peripheral chemosensitivity with special reference to the respiratory activities
      in the patients with bilateral carotid body resection].

PMID- 6433417
TI  - Inhibition properties and inhibition kinetics of an extracellular carbonic
      anhydrase in perfused skeletal muscle.
AB  - We have investigated the properties of the carbonic anhydrase which is
      functionally available to CO2 and HCO3- in the capillary bed of skeletal muscle.
      We used essentially the indicator-dilution technique of Effros and Weissman (J.
      Appl. Physiol. 47, 1090-1098, 1979). Into hindlimbs of rabbits perfused with
      dextran solution we injected boli containing H14CO3- or 36Cl-, and 3H-dextran (MW
      80 000) as an intravasal indicator, and observed the washout of these indicators
      by fractionated collection and analysis of the venous effluent. In agreement with
      previous studies we found that addition of 10(-4) M of the carbonic anhydrase
      inhibitor acetazolamide to the perfusate considerably speeds up the washout of
      14C, reducing the extraction of 14C from 0.72 to 0.45. A half-maximal effect on
      14C extraction was achieved with 1 x 10(-6) M acetazolamide (IC50). The carbonic
      anhydrase inhibitors methazolamide and benzolamide both yielded IC50 values of
      10(-5) M. This pattern of inhibitory potency of the three sulfonamides is
      incompatible with their inhibitory effects on the two known cytosolic isoenzymes
      of skeletal muscle, CAII and CAIII. While cells take up acetazolamide and
      benzolamide extremely slowly, with half-times of several minutes to hours, the
      effect of both sulfonamides on 14C washout occurred very rapidly: less than 1
      min, probably not more than a few seconds, were necessary to achieve inhibitory
      effects. We conclude that (1) a tissue carbonic anhydrase converts the injected
      H14CO3- quickly into 14CO2 which then diffuses into the intracellular space thus
      causing a washout of 14C that is much slower than that of the intravasal
      indicator or that of 36Cl-, (2) this carbonic anhydrase is not intra- but
      extracellular and presumably membrane-bound, and (3) its properties suggest that
      it is distinct from the well-known cytosolic carbonic anhydrases and represents a
      different isoenzyme.

PMID- 6433418
TI  - Effect of furosemide on cerebrospinal fluid composition.
AB  - Electrolyte composition of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is important in
      central respiratory drive. The relationship between [Cl-] and [HCO3-] is of
      particular interest in maintenance of electrolyte balance. Therefore, the effect
      of furosemide, an inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride transport, on CSF
      electrolyte homeostasis was studied under conditions of normocapnia and
      hypercapnia in anesthetized dogs. The drug was given intravenously (IV) or in the
      lateral cerebral ventricles (CV). With normocapnia, there was no change in CSF or
      arterial PCO2, pH, [K+], [Cl-], or [HCO3-], while CSF [NA+] decreased 1.7 mM in
      dogs receiving IV furosemide. With 5% CO2 breathing and IV furosemide, CSF PCO2,
      pH, [K+], [Cl-], and [HCO3-] changed as has been reported for 5% CO2 breathing
      alone. 5% CO2 and CV furosemide, however, led to a greater reduction in CSF [Cl-]
      and no change in CSF [HCO3-]. Thus CV furosemide alters the CSF [Cl-] and [HCO3-]
      in hypercapnia, suggesting that sodium-coupled chloride transport plays a role in
      regulation of CSF acid-base homeostasis.

PMID- 6433419
TI  - [Hypertrophic myocardiopathy and von Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6433420
TI  - [Transient monoclonal gammopathy and acute hepatitis].

PMID- 6433421
TI  - [Segregation anomalies of the ABO blood-group system associated with the Rh
      system. Interpretation of the SAN effect].

PMID- 6433422
TI  - [Nutritional impact of a new infant food (soup-puree)].

PMID- 6433423
TI  - Gonorrhoea caused by a mixture of penicillinase-positive and -negative gonococci:
      a case report.
AB  - A 23-year-old unmarried man was infected with gonorrhoea from a prostitute in
      Fukuoka City and was treated with ampicillin which resulted in failure. By a
      rapid iodometric test it was found that the isolates before the treatment were
      penicillinase-negative. After the ampicillin treatment, however, the isolates
      turned to penicillinase-positive but were, in fact, a mixture of penicillinase
      positive and penicillinase-negative gonococcal strains. Treatment by
      spectinomycin and doxycycline resulted in failure but the gonorrhoea was cured by
      ribostamycin.

PMID- 6433424
TI  - Surgery and intravesical chemotherapy in the management of superficial bladder
      cancer.

PMID- 6433425
TI  - Management of invasive bladder neoplasms.

PMID- 6433426
TI  - [Sprain injuries of the foot].

PMID- 6433427
TI  - [Digestive fistulas: considerations on surgical treatment].

PMID- 6433428
TI  - [Differences of involvement of peristalsis between the upper and lower parts of
      the esophagus in Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6433429
TI  - [Principles of nursing care in enteral nutrition].

PMID- 6433430
TI  - [Organization of a unit for the preparation of parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6433431
TI  - Suppression of humoral immunity and lymphocyte responsiveness during experimental
      Trypanosoma cruzi infections.

PMID- 6433433
TI  - Duodenal diverticula.

PMID- 6433432
TI  - [Use, in polytransfusions, of the research on anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti
      Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies to detect recent postransfusion infections].

PMID- 6433435
TI  - Effect of doxepin on gastric secretion in man.
AB  - The effect of doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressive agent, on gastric secretion of
      acid and pepsin was studied in five healthy students. Dose-response studies were
      carried out on different days with increasing doses of doxepin on a constant
      background stimulation with pentagastrin and with increasing doses of
      pentagastrin in combination with a constant dose of doxepin. Doxepin reduced
      gastric acid secretion when serum values of doxepin were above 60 nmol/l.

PMID- 6433434
TI  - Neurotensin-induced mast cell degranulation in human jejunal mucosa. Additive
      effects of IgE or compound 48/80 and inhibition by sodium cromoglycate.
AB  - The effect of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on neurotensin- and compound 48/80
      induced mast cell degranulation and the effect of combining these secretagogues
      with each other and with an immunological mast cell degranulation system was
      studied. Neurotensin reduced the number of intact mast cells from 119 (60
      190)/mm2 to 50 (20-101)/mm2. This figure was 76 (34-164)/mm2 when SCG was added
      to neurotensin, a change that was statistically significant. No such inhibitory
      effect on mast cell degranulation was seen when SCG was added to compound 48/80,
      which was active only in high doses. When neurotensin or compound 48/80 was
      followed by antigen in sensitized tissue specimens, mast cell degranulation was
      enhanced compared with that taking place with only one of the secretagogues.
      Neurotensin and compound 48/80 did not cause further mast cell degranulation when
      applied after IgE followed by antigen or when applied after one another. It is
      concluded that neurotensin may act through a selective release mechanism, whereas
      compound 48/80 acts by a cytotoxic mechanism, but that they act on the same group
      of cells.

PMID- 6433436
TI  - Immunoglobulin abnormalities in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - The association of monoclonal gammopathy and lymphoma was investigated in 100
      consecutive, untreated cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of B-cell type, classified according to the criteria of
      Lukes & Collins (9). The overall incidence of monoclonal immunoglobulins (Ig) was
      24%. The highest incidence (57%) was seen in plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma
      and the lowest (7.9%) in cases of CLL. IgM was the predominant class of
      monoclonal Ig. It is concluded that the presence of monoclonal gammopathy in NHL
      reflects the stage of differentiation and maturation of the malignant B-cell
      clone.

PMID- 6433437
TI  - Acquired factor VIII:C inhibitor (IgG) and positive direct Coombs' test (IgM) in
      a patient with lung carcinoma. Clinical course and immunochemical studies.
AB  - A 73-year-old man with lung squamous-cell carcinoma simultaneously developed a
      factor VIII:C inhibitor and a transient positive direct Coombs' test. The factor
      VIII:C inhibitor was characterized as a mixture of IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 with kappa
      and lambda light chains. The Coombs' test was IgM-specific. TREATMENT: blood
      transfusions (packed red cells), cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Bleeding
      subsided without factor VIII-replacement therapy. Before death, in spite of the
      tumour-mass progression, factor VIII:C was normal.

PMID- 6433438
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibition on captopril-induced changes in
      renal function in Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - Three patients with Bartter's syndrome were studied under metabolic ward
      conditions. Renal function and the reninangiotensin system were evaluated in
      three different settings: before and during captopril treatment and during
      administration of captopril and indomethacin. Captopril induced renal
      vasodilation with an increase in renal plasma flow by 23%. The addition of
      indomethacin abolished this change. Captopril increased the release of renin and
      the concentration of angiotensin II in plasma decreased without being completely
      normalized. Indomethacin thereafter reduced plasma concentration of renin, which
      was, however, still higher than the control level. The plasma concentration of
      angiotensin II did not change significantly. In conclusion, prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibition annihilated the effect of captopril on renal hemodynamics
      and renin release.

PMID- 6433439
TI  - Improving yield in the manufacture of factor VIII concentrates.

PMID- 6433440
TI  - Heparin and factor VIII.

PMID- 6433441
TI  - Parameters affecting the fractionation of FVIII:C activity in production of very
      high purity AHF concentrate.

PMID- 6433442
TI  - Freezing of plasma to obtain better yield of factor VIII:C.

PMID- 6433443
TI  - International and national standards for factor VIII.

PMID- 6433444
TI  - Assay of factor VIII:C with a chromogenic substrate.

PMID- 6433445
TI  - Standardisation of concentrates: a manufacturer's view.

PMID- 6433446
TI  - North American study of factor VIII concentrate potency.

PMID- 6433447
TI  - Principles of in vivo recovery and survival studies.

PMID- 6433448
TI  - Calculations of factor VIII in vivo recovery and half-life.

PMID- 6433449
TI  - The nature of the antibody response.

PMID- 6433450
TI  - Markers for the factor VIII antibody response in hemophilia A.

PMID- 6433451
TI  - The management of haemophiliacs who have antibodies to factor VIII.

PMID- 6433452
TI  - The role of prothrombin complex concentrates in the treatment of hemophiliacs
      with factor VIII inhibitors.

PMID- 6433453
TI  - Overcoming factor VIII inhibitors: a possible new approach.

PMID- 6433454
TI  - In memory of Erik Jorpes. von Willebrand's disease from 1926-1983.

PMID- 6433455
TI  - A tissue culture model of cartilage breakdown in haemophilic arthropathy.

PMID- 6433456
TI  - Review of the transmission of hepatitis by clotting factor concentrates.

PMID- 6433457
TI  - Removal of hepatitis virus infectivity from clotting factor concentrates.

PMID- 6433458
TI  - The impact of donor selection in avoiding hepatitis virus transmission.

PMID- 6433459
TI  - Side effects of substitution therapy.

PMID- 6433460
TI  - Liver disease and pathology in hemophilia.

PMID- 6433461
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in hemophiliacs.

PMID- 6433462
TI  - Haemophilia in children. Current immunologic status of a pediatric population.

PMID- 6433463
TI  - AIDS and immunologic abnormalities in European and American hemophiliacs.

PMID- 6433464
TI  - Immunological dysfunction and persistent lymphadenopathy in patients with classic
      hemophilia.

PMID- 6433465
TI  - Von Willebrand's disease: state of the art.

PMID- 6433466
TI  - The development of blood coagulation laboratory facilities in China and their use
      in hemophilia.

PMID- 6433467
TI  - Report on first international workshop of pediatric management in hemophilia.

PMID- 6433468
TI  - Worldwide overview of plasma procurement and fractionation.

PMID- 6433469
TI  - To what extent can plasma supply for factor VIII production, be obtained within
      the frame of a blood component program?

PMID- 6433470
TI  - Factor VIII production and usage in Hungary.

PMID- 6433471
TI  - Production of antihemophilic factor in France.

PMID- 6433472
TI  - Plasma resource planning in Canada.

PMID- 6433473
TI  - Obtention production and use of factor VIII in Costa Rica.

PMID- 6433474
TI  - Fractionation of factor VIII and IX--an overview.

PMID- 6433475
TI  - Innovative alternatives to human factor VIII.

PMID- 6433476
TI  - Financial aspects of hemophilia care.

PMID- 6433477
TI  - A scheme for the future.

PMID- 6433478
TI  - The use of desmopressin (DDAVP) in the preparation of improved factor VIII
      concentrate.

PMID- 6433479
TI  - [Cyanide poisoning].
AB  - Acute cyanide poisoning is a rare but usually fatal intoxication. Rapid diagnosis
      and immediate initiation of therapy are important, since a number of effective
      and potentially life-saving antidotes are available. Pathophysiology, signs,
      symptoms, course and therapy are discussed, and three personal observations are
      presented.

PMID- 6433480
TI  - The Taub case.

PMID- 6433481
TI  - Studying enzyme mechanism by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - High-resolution carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of enzyme
      inhibitor and enzyme-substrate complexes provide detailed structural and
      stereochemical information on the mechanism of enzyme action. The proteases
      trypsin and papain are shown to form tetrahedrally coordinated complexes and acyl
      derivatives with a variety of compounds artificially enriched at the site or
      sites of interest. These results are compared with the structural information
      derived from x-ray diffraction. Detailed NMR studies have provided a clearer
      picture of the ionization state of the residues participating in enzyme-catalyzed
      processes than other more classical techniques. The dynamics of enzymic catalysis
      can be observed at sub-zero temperatures by a combination of cryoenzymology and
      carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. With these powerful techniques, transient, covalently
      bound intermediates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be detected and their
      structures rigorously assigned.

PMID- 6433482
TI  - Cell surface changes associated with cellular immune reactions in Drosophila.
AB  - In Drosophila melanogaster a temperature-induced change in immune competence
      accompanies cell surface alterations that cause its blood cells to adhere and to
      encapsulate a parasite. At 29 degrees C the blood cells of the tumorous-lethal
      (Tuml) mutant show a high degree of immune competence and encapsulate the eggs of
      the parasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma. At 21 degrees C the blood cells are
      essentially immune incompetent. High percentages of lectin binding cells were
      found under conditions which potentiated cellular encapsulation responses. Some
      immune reactive blood cells did not bind lectin. The low percentages of lectin
      binding cells in susceptible hosts suggest that developing parasites alter the
      cell surface of the blood cells of immune reactive hosts.

PMID- 6433483
TI  - Neurosciences: an integrative discipline.

PMID- 6433484
TI  - Brain enzyme is the target of drug toxin.

PMID- 6433485
TI  - Interruption of the mammillothalamic tract prevents seizures in guinea pigs.
AB  - Interruption of the connection between the mammillary bodies and the anterior
      nucleus of the thalamus in guinea pigs, by discrete bilateral electrolytic
      lesions of the mammillothalamic tract, resulted in essentially complete
      protection from the behavioral and electroencephalographic convulsant action and
      lethal effect of pentylenetetrazol. This result demonstrates that the mammillary
      bodies and their rostral efferent connections are important for the propagation
      and perhaps initiation of generalized seizures.

PMID- 6433486
TI  - Labeled cells in patients with malignancy.
AB  - The use of radioisotopes for cell labeling has been a major tool in hematology
      laboratory research. Chromium-51-labeling of hematologic cells and lymphocytes
      has been used for years to study the migration and sequestration of these cells
      in the spleen and other sites. The substantial recirculation of lymphocytes from
      blood into lymphoid tissue and back into blood is well described. Recently, new
      approaches for radiosotopic cell labeling have gained prominence in the
      investigation of various aspects of malignant diseases and in the clinical care
      of such patients. Isotopes such as indium-111 can be visualized with standard
      scanning techniques providing further information about the migration of normal
      and malignant cells has been discovered. In vivo studies have been performed with
      indium-111 in animals and humans, including comparisons of the migration of
      abnormal cells (malignant) and of lymphocytes to abnormal nodes. Evaluation and
      comparison of the migration of carcinoma cells, normal lymphoid cells, and
      malignant lymphoid cells in animals show markedly different patterns of
      distribution, which could have bearing on investigations of mechanisms of
      metastasis. In vivo human studies also have evaluated the migration patterns of
      lymphoid cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and well
      differentiated lymphoma, showing very different migrating behavior between these
      two polarities of a similar disease. These types of studies, while initially
      phenomenonologic, may provide a basis for a better understanding of these
      diseases. There are concerns about the use of an isotope such as indium-111 for
      the labeling of long-lived cells such as lymphocytes. Laboratory studies have
      demonstrated impaired cell function at high concentrations of radioactivity. Some
      workers have expressed concern about long-term changes in cells that recirculate.
      Others cite precedents of other long-term uses of isotopes, therapeutically,
      without detrimental effects. These concerns continue to be investigated. Finally,
      an area of much interest in the use of indium-111 is the labeling of
      granulocytes. This technique has been useful diagnostically, to localize
      infections. The major value in patients with malignancy, primarily with
      hematologic malignancies, is to evaluate the potential benefit of granulocyte
      transfusions. Many of these patients develop prolonged granulocytopenia and
      become infected, and granulocyte transfusions may become a therapeutic
      consideration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6433487
TI  - [A direct central action of Bradykinin (2)].

PMID- 6433488
TI  - Prednisolone therapy for lupus anticoagulant in B-thalassemia major.

PMID- 6433489
TI  - Mouse immune interferon (IFN-gamma) gene is on chromosome 10.
AB  - A cDNA clone for mouse immune interferon has been used to map the mouse
      interferon gamma gene (Ifg) to a specific chromosome. This clone, which contains
      a 638-bp insert detects an 18-kb HindIII fragment of mouse DNA. The presence of
      the mouse Ifg gene in cel hybrids and its chromosomal location were determined by
      assaying cell hybrid DNA for the presence of the 18-kb HindIII fragment by
      Southern filter hybridization. Under the hybridization conditions used, Chinese
      hamster DNA did not hybridize to the cDNA probe. The segregation of mouse
      chromosomes in cell hybrids indicated that Ifg is located on chromosome 10.
      Previously, we have mapped immune interferon to the p12.05----qter region of
      chromosome 12 in humans (1). This region of chromosome 12 also contains the genes
      for peptidase B and citrate synthase. The homologous genes in mouse are also
      located on chromosome 10, suggesting that these genes comprise a conserved
      linkage group.

PMID- 6433490
TI  - [Injuries of the biliary tract].

PMID- 6433491
TI  - Role of nutrition in wound healing.
AB  - Nutritional cofactors play a major role in the wound-healing process.
      Deficiencies of specific nutrients, especially proteins, vitamins, and minerals,
      may significantly impair the healing process. The recognition of deficits and
      understanding of methods of repletion are a critical part of modern surgical
      practice.

PMID- 6433492
TI  - Laboratory screening prior to hand surgery. A life-saving endeavor.
AB  - Routine preoperative testing on patients undergoing elective and emergency
      surgery has identified life-threatening illnesses unknown to the patient. Over a
      six-year period, 34 patients were found to have such medical problems, including
      cancer, diabetes, heart disease, tuberculosis, pneumonia, Paget's disease, and
      sarcoid.

PMID- 6433493
TI  - Wound healing with diabetes mellitus. Better glucose control for better wound
      healing in diabetes.
AB  - Wound healing is impaired in diabetic patients with infection or hyperglycemia.
      Several approaches to glucose management are discussed for patients whose
      diabetic history has been stable and also for those whose diabetic condition is
      labile or poorly controlled.

PMID- 6433494
TI  - Increased thromboxane B2 levels in the plasma of burned and septic burned
      patients.
AB  - Levels of both thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1a, the stable
      metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, respectively, were quantitated in
      plasma samples from burn patients at various times postinjury. Our results
      indicate that, although thromboxane B2 levels were elevated throughout the burn
      course, quite large increases occurred both in the acute stage (less than three
      days postinjury) and during septic episodes. The results of our study demonstrate
      that, at the same time thromboxane B2 levels were elevated, 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1a levels were unchanged and remained at control levels. Increased production of
      thromboxane B2 without a concomitant increase in 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1a in the
      plasma of burn patients gives support to the hypothesis that elevated thromboxane
      A2 production contributes to post-thermal injury systemic responses, both in the
      acute phase as well as during sepsis.

PMID- 6433495
TI  - Improvement in amino acid use in the critically ill patient with parenteral
      formulas enriched with branched chain amino acids.
AB  - To assess the value of BCAA enriched solutions in patients under stress, we
      studied five critically ill, intensive care unit patients requiring total
      parenteral nutrition. Two complete feeding solutions were compared: one
      containing 15.6 per cent of the amino acids as BCAA and the other enriched to
      contain 50 per cent as BCAA. These solutions were prepared to be isocaloric and
      isonitrogenous and were administered in consecutive 24 hour periods. The order of
      administration was determined randomly. In the last ten hours of each infusion
      day, 50 microcuries of L-[1-14C]leucine were added to the solution to estimate
      leucine kinetics. Increased plasma leucine appearance (from 3.92 +/- 0.48 to 6.26
      +/- 0.51 millimoles per hour, p less than 0.05), oxidation (from 0.83 +/- 0.23 to
      + 1.41 +/- 0.33 millimoles per hour, p less than 0.05) and net leucine balance
      (from + 0.48 +/- 0.23 to + 1.41 +/- 0.33 millimoles per hour, p less than 0.05)
      were found in patients while receiving the solution enriched to contain 50 per
      cent of the amino acids as BCAA. Plasma leucine, isoleucine and valine
      concentrations were also significantly increased with administration of the BCAA
      enriched solution, whereas plasma levels of glycine, tyrosine and phenylalanine
      were significantly reduced. These changes represent a normalization of plasma
      amino acid levels with administration of BCAA enriched solution. In addition, the
      improved net leucine balance observed during administration of BCAA suggests
      patients have an improved protein balance while receiving BCAA enriched
      solutions.

PMID- 6433496
TI  - Air embolism after central venous catheterization.
AB  - Air embolism--the most dangerous complication of central venous catheterization-
      may occur in several ways. The most frequent is from disconnection of the
      catheter from the related intravenous tubing. An embolism may present with a
      sucking sound, tachypnea, air hunger, wheezing, hypotension and a "mill wheel"
      murmur. A later manifestation is severe pulmonary edema. In a review of 24
      patients, the mortality was 50 per cent. Among the survivors, five (42 per cent)
      had neurologic damage. Immediate treatment includes placing the patient in the
      left lateral and Trendelenberg positions, administration of oxygen and aspiration
      of air from the heart. Cardiac massage and emergency cardiopulmonary bypass may
      be necessary. Most instances can be prevented by inserting the cannula with the
      patient in the Trendelenberg position, occluding the cannula hub except briefly
      while the catheter is inserted, fixation of the catheter hub to its connections
      and occlusive dressing over the track after removal of the catheter.

PMID- 6433498
TI  - Solitary intracerebral schwannoma in von Recklinghausen's disease.
AB  - A case of intracerebral schwannoma of the frontal region in a patient with mixed
      neurofibromatosis is reported. The possible origins of the tumor are discussed.

PMID- 6433497
TI  - Histologic factors of the esophageal transection ring as clues to the
      pathogenesis of bleeding varices.
AB  - In the absence of other precipitating factors, such as Sengstaken intubation,
      there is little evidence for acute esophagitis being a major factor in
      precipitating hemorrhage from varices. Superficial blood filled channels are
      described lying within the epithelium. They appear to arise from papillae, extend
      close to the esophageal lumen and are lined by epithelial-like cells. It is
      proposed that rupture of these channels may initiate variceal bleeding and, being
      connected to the underlying larger vessels, give rise to substantial hemorrhage.
      It is also suggested that these superficial vascular channels may correspond to
      the cherry red spots seen on endoscopic examination.

PMID- 6433499
TI  - Adjuvant parenteral nutrition in the patient with cancer.

PMID- 6433500
TI  - [Rare forms of paraproteinemic hemoblastosis].
AB  - The paper is concerned with 10 cases of multiple myeloma with myeloid (myeloma
      myeloid) splenomegaly and myelemia; 4 cases of chronic subleukemic (or aleukemic)
      lymphocyte plasma cell leukemia with paraproteinemia G which do not differ in the
      clinical or morphological picture from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
      ("Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia without macroglobulinemia"), and 2 cases of
      macroglobulinemia lymphocyte plasma cell lymphoma of the stomach and lymph nodes
      of the abdominal cavity with chronic plasma cell leukemia. The pathogenetic
      aspects of these rare forms of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses, problems of the
      diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6433501
TI  - [Stimulating effect of lithium carbonate on neutropoiesis in iatrogenic
      neutropenia].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of lithium carbonate on the blood leukocyte count,
      absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts in 32 patients with neutropenia caused by
      the use of a specific treatment for lymphogranulomatosis (LGM), malignant
      lymphomas and multiple myeloma (MM), and in 5 patients with hypoplastic anemia
      (HA). Administration of lithium carbonate led to a significant increase in the
      total leukocyte and neutrophil counts in patients with LGM, malignant lymphomas
      and MM but not in patients with HA. The rise of the neutrophil count detected
      before (after 3 days) suggests that lithium may exert a direct stimulant action
      on relatively mature myeloid cells (promyelocytes and even myelocytes) but not on
      the undifferentiated colony-forming cells. The exponential dependence was found
      between an increase in the neutrophil count and duration of lithium intake, which
      permits forecasting the expected rise in the counts of these cells.

PMID- 6433502
TI  - Pulmonary vascular lesions in the toxic oil syndrome in Spain.

PMID- 6433503
TI  - Effect of chlorpropamide and gliclazide on plasminogen activator activity in
      vascular walls in patients with maturity onset diabetes.
AB  - The components of the fibrinolytic system were studied in patients with maturity
      onset diabetes, treated with chlorpropamide for three years or more. Half of the
      patients (7/15) were shown to have abnormally low plasminogen activator activity
      of the vascular walls. The patients were then shifted to gliclazide, a new
      sulfonylurea, and after six months all patients had a normal vascular plasminogen
      activator activity. At follow up after 24 and 48 months the results remained the
      same. The normalization of the vascular fibrinolytic defence system could not be
      explained by improvement of glucose control.

PMID- 6433504
TI  - The interaction between factor VIII clotting antigen and phospholipids in genetic
      variants of hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - The interaction of factor VIII with phospholipids was investigated in 11 patients
      with mild and moderate hemophilia A, 7 patients with von Willebrand's disease and
      in 10 healthy people as controls. The addition of phospholipid vesicles
      containing phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine to normal plasma and
      that of patients with von Willebrand's disease resulted in the loss of almost two
      thirds of the factor VIII clotting antigen (VIII:CAg) measurable by IRMA.
      Defective interaction of phospholipids with VIII:CAg was noted in some genetic
      variants of mild and moderate hemophilia A. Thus four of the five families tested
      showed decreased binding of VIII:CAg to phospholipids. One of the families tested
      belonged to a genetic variant with much more VIII:CAg than VIII:C, and it was in
      members of this family that the binding capacity was most reduced. The most
      probable explanations for the defective interaction with phospholipids is that
      molecular defects of VIII:CAg result in either decreased binding to phospholipids
      or might lead to a stronger binding between VIII:CAg and the von Willebrand
      factor (VIIIR:Ag) in the factor VIII complex and thereby preventing the normal
      separation of the complex.

PMID- 6433505
TI  - [Warnings in massive infusion therapy].

PMID- 6433506
TI  - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans synthesized in rabbit uterus.
AB  - The uteri obtained from the estrogen-treated rabbits were incubated with [35S]
      sulfate for 6 hr. The medium and the tissues were then separated from the
      incubation mixture and digested with pronase. Each digest was fractionated by
      DEAE-Sephadex A-25 (Cl- form) column chromatography. The radioactivity in the
      subfractions (M-0.9 M Fr and EI-0.9 M Fr) eluted with 0.9 M NaCl was the highest
      among six subfractions in both cases. The compositions of sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans in M-0.9 M Fr and EI-0.9 M Fr were examined by electrophoresis
      on cellulose acetate membrane and by gel filtration through Sephadex G-50, in
      combination with nitrous acid treatment and chondroitinase AC II digestion. The
      electrophoretograms indicated that sulfated glycosaminoglycans in EI-0.9 M Fr
      were chondroitin sulfates A and (or) C, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate,
      while those in M-0.9 M Fr were mostly chondroitin sulfates A and (or) C. Although
      heparan sulfate in M-0.9 M Fr was not detected on the electrophoretogram by
      staining with Alcian blue, it was considerably labelled with [35S]sulfate. This
      finding suggested that the specific radioactivity of this heparan sulfate was
      very high. The present data indicate that the estrogen-treated rabbit uterus
      actively synthesized sulfated glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 6433507
TI  - The effect of divalent cations on the rosette formation via C3 receptors.
AB  - The indicator cells with the specificity for the various C3 receptors were
      prepared using highly purified complement components. The effect of EDTA and
      divalent cations on the rosette formation of these indicators with human blood
      cells and lymphoblastoid cells were investigated. B lymphocytes form rosettes
      with EACl-3b, EACl-3bH, EACl-3bi and EACl-3d irrespective of the presence of
      cations. PMN and monocytes form rosettes with EACl-3b and EACl-3bH independent of
      cations, but their formation with EAC1-3bi needs the presence of magnesium. In
      this case calcium shows a cooperative effect with magnesium. PMN and monocytes do
      not react with EACl-3d even in the presence of magnesium. Although Raji cells do
      not react with EACl-3b, they react with EACl-3bH independent of divalent cations.
      EACm has a similar reactivity to EACl-3bi, and by the treatment with trypsin it
      becomes similar to EACl-3d.

PMID- 6433508
TI  - Comparative effects of Ca-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ZnEDTA, and
      ZnCaEDTA in mobilizing lead.
AB  - Male Long-Evans rats weighing approximately 240 g were given (Pb) at 14 mg/kg as
      the acetate by slow iv infusion 17 days prior to chelate treatment. The chelating
      agents were administered by continuous iv infusion at either 1 mmol/kg over 6 hr
      or 6 mmol/kg over 24 hr or at 0.16 mmol/kg/day by sc injections. ZnEDTA was 60%
      and ZnCaEDTA 76% as effective as CaEDTA in promoting urinary Pb excretion at 1
      mmol/kg over 6 hr, iv. At 6 mmol/kg/24 hr, iv, ZnEDTA was 76% and ZnCaEDTA 98% as
      effective as CaEDTA. Mean urinary Pb excretion for each chelate via the sc route
      and the lowest iv route of administration was the same. Blood delta
      aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity (an indicator of Pb toxicity)
      was enhanced approximately twofold by CaEDTA, two and one-half-fold by ZnCaEDTA,
      and fivefold by ZnEDTA treatment. It is suggested that the safety of EDTA can be
      markedly enhanced if administered as a ZnCaEDTA chelate without appreciably
      diminishing its efficacy in promoting urinary Pb excretion.

PMID- 6433509
TI  - Liver, kidney, and central nervous system toxicity of aluminum given
      intraperitoneally to rats: a multiple-dose subchronic study using aluminum
      nitrilotriacetate.
AB  - In the first test, aluminum nitrilotriacetate (Al-NTA), aluminum chloride,
      aluminum potassium sulfate, or saline was injected ip, employing male Wistar
      rats. Each group consisted of ten rats. Al was given in a dose of 5 mg Al/kg body
      wt/day, for 14 days. Only those rats given Al-NTA showed morphological damage of
      the liver and kidney. Damages included diffuse midzonal coagulation necrosis of
      hepatocytes and acute proximal tubular necrosis of the kidney at Day 4. Seven of
      ten rats given Al-NTA died within 5 days. The second test was performed in
      metabolic cages. Al-NTA, in a dose of 1.5 to 2.0 mg Al/kg body wt/day, and NTA,
      of an equivalent dose, were injected ip for 54 days. Midzonal coagulation
      necrosis and some regenerative changes were observed in the hepatic parenchyma at
      Day 8. At the end of the study, complete regeneration occurred in the liver.
      Biochemical tests at Days 6, 13, and 28 showed high amounts of GOT, GPT, LDH,
      gamma-GTP, and ALP. Necrosis of proximal tubular cells of the kidney and some
      regeneration was noted at Day 8. Metabolic acidosis was demonstrated at Days 6,
      13, and 28. Moreover, from Day 38 on, atrophy of the nerve cells of the cerebrum
      and demyelination of the brain stem were observed. Control rats given NTA did not
      exhibit any organ damage. It is concluded that a relatively small dose of Al can
      produce toxicosis when given with certain metal chelators.

PMID- 6433510
TI  - The effects of dexamethasone on palate mesenchymal cell phospholipase activity.
AB  - Corticosteroids will induce cleft palate in mice. One suggested mechanism for
      this effect is through inhibition of phospholipase activity. This hypothesis was
      tested by measuring the effects of dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid, on
      phospholipase activity in cultures of palate mesenchymal cells. Palate
      mesenchymal cells were prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid. The cells were
      subsequently treated with various concentrations of dexamethasone. Concurrently,
      cultures of M-MSV-transformed 3T3 cells were prepared identically. After
      treatment, phospholipase activity was stimulated by the addition of serum or
      epidermal growth factor (EGF), and radioactivity released into the medium was
      taken as a measure of phospholipase activity. Dexamethasone (1 X 10(-5) or 1 X
      10(-4) M) could inhibit serum-stimulated phospholipase activity in transformed
      3T3 cells after 1 to 24 hr of treatment. However, no inhibition of activity was
      measured in palate mesenchymal cells following this period of treatment. Not
      until 120 hr of treatment with dexamethasone (1 X 10(-4) M) was any significant
      inhibition of serum-stimulated phospholipase activity observed in palate
      mesenchymal cells. When EGF was used to stimulate phospholipase activity,
      dexamethasone (1 X 10(-5) M) caused an increase in phospholipase activity in
      palate mesenchymal cells. These observations suggested that phospholipase in
      transformed 3T3 cells was sensitive to inhibition by dexamethasone. However,
      palate mesenchymal cell phospholipase is only minimally sensitive to
      dexamethasone, and in certain instances can be enhanced. These results cannot
      support the hypothesis that corticosteroids mediate their teratogenic effect via
      inhibition of phospholipase activity.

PMID- 6433511
TI  - Pathology of chronic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) feeding in rats.
AB  - The hepatocarcinogenic effect of Clophen A 30 and Clophen A 60 was tested in male
      weanling rats by long-term feeding over a period of 832 days. The mortality rate
      was investigated in 100-day intervals. In the first 800 days liver carcinoma
      accounted for 21% of necropsies in the Clophen A 60 group but only 2% of the
      necropsies in the Clophen A 30 group and none in the control animals. The tumors
      were first observed after 700 days. After 800 days hepatocellular carcinoma was
      the most common lesion observed in the Clophen A 60 animals (61%) whereas it was
      only observed in 3% of animals in the Clophen A 30 group and 2% in the controls.
      Preneoplastic lesions, such as foci of hepatocellular alterations and neoplastic
      nodules, were first observed after Day 500. The incidence of foci predominated in
      all time intervals, but an increase in neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular
      carcinomas was observed with increased time. There was a marked trend from foci
      to neoplastic nodule to hepatocellular carcinoma with time. The total mortality
      rate and the incidence of thymoma, inflammatory lesions of the urogenital tract,
      in the experiment were significantly reduced by Clophen administration. Whether
      this protective effect could be induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is
      discussed.

PMID- 6433512
TI  - Immunosuppression following 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure in B6C3F1
      mice. I. Effects on humoral immunity and host resistance.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
      (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), suppresses the terminal step in B-cell
      differentiation, resulting in a decrease in antibody production to T-dependent
      and B-2 T-independent antigens. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if
      this effect was common to carcinogenic PAHs or specific for B[a]P. The PAH 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was administered to B6C3F1 female mice by ten sc
      injections of 0.5, 5, or 10 micrograms/g over a 2-week period (i.e., total dose
      of 5, 50, and 100 micrograms/g). Immune function and host resistance assays were
      performed 3 to 5 days following the last injection. The 10 micrograms/g dosage
      resulted in a marked decrease in spleen weights and spleen and bone marrow
      cellularity, while thymus and body weights were not significantly altered. The
      ability to generate B-lymphocyte colonies in vitro from spleen precursor cells
      was also suppressed at the 10 micrograms/g dose. Exposure to DMBA at 5
      micrograms/g or greater resulted in a reduction of up to 97% in the number of IgM
      plaque-forming cells in response to the T-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells
      (SRBC). The IgG response to SRBC was similarly depressed. The IgM response to the
      hapten-conjugated T-independent antigens trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP
      LPS) (specific for B-1 cells) and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll (specific for B-2
      cells) was also depressed (88 and 97%, respectively) at 10 micrograms/g. DMBA
      exposure resulted in an increased susceptibility to challenge with the PYB6
      transplantable sarcoma and the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, in contrast to
      B[a]P exposure, which had no effect on host resistance assays. Thus, DMBA, a more
      potent carcinogen than B[a]P, produces a more extensive B-cell suppression than
      B[a]P as well as alters host resistance to tumor and bacterial challenge.

PMID- 6433513
TI  - Disposition of [14C]methyl bromide in Fischer-344 rats after oral or
      intraperitoneal administration.
AB  - Methyl bromide is used as a disinfectant to fumigate soil. The intent of our
      study was to determine the disposition of methyl bromide following a single acute
      administration. Male Fischer-344 rats were given 250 mumol of [14C] methyl
      bromide/kg body wt by either oral or i.p. administration. Urine, feces and
      expired air were collected and at the end of 72 h the rats were sacrificed and
      tissues analyzed to determine 14C excretion and tissue distribution. After i.p.
      administration of methyl bromide, the dominant route of excretion was exhalation
      of 14CO2, with 46% of the dose exhaled as 14CO2. In contrast, urinary excretion
      of 14C was the major route of elimination (43% of the dose) when methyl bromide
      was given orally. Very little of the 14C appeared in the feces (less than 3% of
      the dose) regardless of route of administration. In rats with bile duct
      cannulations, 46% of an oral dose appeared in the bile over a 24-h period.
      Collection of bile significantly decreased the exhalation of 14CO2 and 14C
      excreted in urine compared to controls. At 72 h after oral or i.p.
      administration, 14-17% of the 14C remained in the rats, with liver and kidney
      being the major organs of retention. Results indicate that route of
      administration can affect the pathways for excretion. In addition, excretion of
      14C in bile, coupled with the low levels of radioactivity found in the feces,
      indicates that reabsorption of biliary metabolites from the gut plays a
      significant role in the disposition of [14C] methyl bromide.

PMID- 6433514
TI  - Purification of a proteinase (Ac5-proteinase) and characterization of hemorrhagic
      toxins from the venom of the hundred-pace snake (Agkistrodon acutus).
AB  - Ac5-Proteinase (15.2 mg) was isolated from Agkistrodon acutus venom (1 g) by
      column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, CM-Sephadex C-50 and CM-Cellulose. Ac5
      Proteinase was homogeneous by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at pH
      4.3 and also by SDS-disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ac1-, Ac2-, Ac3- and
      Ac5-proteinases possessed lethal and hemorrhagic activities, but Ac4-proteinase
      had no lethal activity. These activities were inhibited completely by
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1,10-phenanthroline or cysteine. The
      molecular weights of Ac1-, Ac2-, Ac3-, Ac4- and Ac5-proteinases were
      approximately 24,500, 25,000, 57,000, 33,000 and 24,000, respectively. Ac1-, Ac2
      , Ac4- and Ac5-proteinases did not contain any carbohydrates, but Ac3-proteinase
      contained 0.1% carbohydrate by weight.

PMID- 6433515
TI  - Decalcification for electron microscopy with L-ascorbic acid.
AB  - L-Ascorbic acid decalcification was used for electron microscopy of mammalian
      tooth germs and bone after fixation in a glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde mixture.
      The recommended decalcifying solution is 2% with respect to L-ascorbic acid and
      0.9% with respect to sodium chloride. The method has the advantage that
      decalcification is complete within a quarter of the time required with EDTA. The
      fine structure of ameloblasts and hard tissue is preserved as well as with EDTA.

PMID- 6433516
TI  - Epidemiology of acute cerebrovascular disease before the age of 55 in the
      Stockholm County 1973-77: I. Incidence and mortality rates.
AB  - The incidence and mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) before age 55
      were estimated for the Stockholm county between 1973 and 1977 using community
      based diagnosis and death statistics registers. Annual validation procedures
      concluded that less than 5% of hospitalized patients may have escaped
      registration. During the study period a diagnosis of CVD (initial stroke or TIA)
      was reported in 2,103 individuals, giving annual average crude incidence rates
      for stroke and TIA of 34 and 4 respectively per 100,000 inhabitants under age 55.
      Hemorrhagic lesions were reported in 45.4% of the cases, ischemic lesions in
      33.1% and unclassified lesions in 21.5%. For all diagnostic categories a strong
      correlation to age is found, and for most categories the male:female ratio is
      high. The mortality rates are high for hemorrhagic lesions and low for ischemic
      and unclassified lesions. Incidence rates are higher than in Uppsala and
      Gothenburg, Sweden, but lower than in North Karelia, Finland. Mortality rates are
      similar to those reported by most other investigators.

PMID- 6433517
TI  - The effect of Fluosol-DA on oxygen availability in focal cerebral ischemia.
AB  - The effects of Fluosol-DA 35% (15 ml/Kg, IV) on cortical oxygen availability
      (O2a), a relative measurement of cortical oxygen tension, were examined in 16
      cats subjected to temporary middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. The cats were
      divided equally into control and treatment groups and half of each group
      underwent MCA occlusion at room air ventilation and the other half at 100% O2
      ventilation. Prior to occlusion, Fluosol had no effect on arterial PO2 or
      cortical O2a at normoxia, however, there was a significant increase in both
      arterial PO2 and O2a following 100% O2 ventilation (pre vs post Fluosol). In an
      additional 5 cats, Fluosol resulted in a transient decrease in blood oxygen
      content due to hemodilution. Concurrent to this decrease, cerebral blood flow
      increased substantially resulting in a net increase in oxygen delivery. Within
      ipsilateral hemispheres, MCA occlusion resulted in decreased O2a to levels below
      the pre-occlusion normoxic values in all animals except those treated with
      Fluosol and ventilated with 100% O2. During reperfusion, O2a immediately
      recovered to hyperoxic levels in the Fluosol 100% O2 animals, whereas in the
      other three groups, O2a returned more gradually towards the pre-occlusion value.
      Since neither 100% O2 alone nor Fluosol plus room air ventilation significantly
      improved O2a in the ischemic cortex, we conclude that increased delivery of
      plasma plus Fluosol bound oxygen was responsible for the observed improvements in
      O2a following MCA occlusion.

PMID- 6433518
TI  - Cerebral blood flow responses to hypocapnia during hypotension.
AB  - Cerebral vascular responses to hypocapnia during hypotension to a mean arterial
      blood pressure (MAP) = 50 mm Hg induced with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, n = 12)
      or trimethaphan (TMP, n = 12) were examined in dogs. Cerebral vascular resistance
      (CVR) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) at PaCO2 = 40 mm Hg, and PaCO2 = 20 mm Hg
      were examined first at normal MAP then at hypotension in six dogs in the SNP
      group and six dogs in the TMP group. In both the SNP group and the TMP group, CO2
      responsiveness, as indicated by increased CVR and decreased CBF, was intact at
      normal MAP, but absent during hypotension. In the remaining 6 of 12 dogs in the
      SNP group and 6 of 12 dogs in the TMP group, CO2 responsiveness at MAP = 50 mm Hg
      was examined without prior determination of CO2 responsiveness at normal MAP.
      These additional studies were performed to rule out the possibility that absent
      CO2 responsiveness during hypotension in the initial groups resulted from (1)
      physiologic deterioration of the preparation with time, or (2) adaptation of
      brain extracellular fluid pH to a preceding period of hypocapnia. Again, during
      both SNP- or TMP-induced hypotension CO2 responsiveness was absent.

PMID- 6433519
TI  - Structure and function of respiratory membranes in cyanobacteria (blue-green
      algae).

PMID- 6433520
TI  - Migration of FITC-labeled lymphocytes into rat tissues from the lumens of
      surgically isolated ileal segments.

PMID- 6433521
TI  - [Dynamics of a 3H-lysine pulse label in the culturing of L cells].
AB  - Using autoradiography, 3H-lysine, 3H-thymidine, and 3H-tryptophane puls labeled L
      cells were examined as long as through four passages. Our studies demonstrate
      that no renewal of 3H-lysine labels takes place in chromosomes and nuclei.
      Unlike, the cytoplasmic labels of 3H-lysine and chromosomal, nuclear and
      cytoplasmic labels of 3H-tryptophane showed an intensive renewal. A question of
      renewal of lysine-rich histones is discussed.

PMID- 6433522
TI  - [Effect of nonelectrolytes on the polymerization of G-actin].
AB  - The non-electrolytes--urea, thiourea, sucrose, glycerin, polyethylendioxid,
      glutaraldehyde--inhibit polymerization of G-actin in vitro. The results are
      discussed in association with the capability of some non-electrolytes preventing
      colloid reactions of alterated protoplasm and increasing the stability of cells
      to injuring agents.

PMID- 6433523
TI  - Cooperative effect of exogenous heparin-like compounds and secreted
      glucocorticoid-induced inhibitor on plasminogen activator in 3T3 cell cultures.
AB  - Balb/c 3T3 cultures grown in the absence of serum release both plasminogen
      activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor in the culture medium. Cellular
      transformation with SV-40 virus increased the level of the activator, whereas
      dexamethasone increased the level of the inhibitor. Heparin added to the medium
      potentiated the glucocorticoid-induced inhibitory activity, strongly decreasing
      or completely abolishing the activity of plasminogen activator. Heparin sulfate
      showed similar effects to heparin, although at higher concentrations. It is
      suggested that heparin-like compounds are involved in the regulation of
      plasminogen activator, acting as inhibitory cofactors.

PMID- 6433524
TI  - [Embolization of the internal iliac arteries in hemorrhaging bladder tumors].

PMID- 6433525
TI  - Congenital diverticulum of male urethra.
AB  - Congenital diverticulum of the male urethra is an uncommon condition. Urinary
      tract infection, urethral obstruction, and disturbances in micturition are the
      most common symptoms. Six cases of congenital diverticulum of the male urethra
      were studied with regard to diagnosis and treatment. Four patients underwent
      endoscopic treatment of the diverticulum. The procedure is simple and rapid, with
      low incidence of complications and high rates of success.

PMID- 6433526
TI  - Dibasic amino acid transport: lessons from human disease.

PMID- 6433527
TI  - Comparison of the effects of selective inhibition of thromboxane synthase with
      those of inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme in man.

PMID- 6433528
TI  - The hypertrophy of modern medicine and the handling of medical information.

PMID- 6433529
TI  - Opportunistic infections and impaired cell-mediated immune responses in patients
      with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6433530
TI  - [Tumors of the urinary bladder in children].
AB  - The clinical picture, diagnosis and surgical methods of treatment of tumors of
      the urinary bladder are described in 7 children aged from 6 months to 2,5 years.
      Malignant tumors were found in 5, benign in 2 children.

PMID- 6433531
TI  - [Experience with the use of Chronicin foam and Masticort PS in the nonselective
      treatment of milk cows during the dry period].
AB  - The effect of the non-selective treatment of dairy cows with antibiotics
      (Chronicin foam--Galena, and Masticort PS--Poland) and the effect of teat
      disinfection (Jodonal A--Lachema) at the last milking in lactation was studied as
      exerted on the reduction in the occurrence of infection processes in mammary
      gland after calving. The trials were performed with 180 cows in three groups of
      60 animals. At the last milking the mammary secretion of each cow was sampled for
      bacteriological examination. Two cow groups were treated at the same time. The
      occurrence of infection processes in the mammary gland in the period after
      calving can be characterized as follows: a) in the period after calving the
      control group had an increased proportion of cows with an infection process in
      their udders (from 58.3% at the end of lactation to 68.3% in the period of 14
      days following calving); b) in the group treated with Chronicin foam the
      infection was reduced by 3/5, i. e. from 71.7% of cows infected at the start of
      drying off to 28.3% with infection process after calving; c) in the group treated
      with Masticort PS the infection after calving was reduced by 3/4 as compared with
      the infection at the onset of drying off, i. e. from 80% to 20%. In the control
      group 20% of the cows recovered spontaneously. The preparation Chronicin foam
      showed 79.1% therapeutic effectiveness. Therapy with Masticort PS was successful
      in 81.3% of the animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433532
TI  - [The usefulness of determining urea levels and the acidity of milk for evaluating
      protein nutrition in cows].
AB  - Samples of blood, urine and milk were examined in 94 clinically healthy cows of
      10 herds. The average milk samples and the feed ration used in these herds were
      also examined. The determination of urea concentration and milk acidity was
      evaluated as to its suitability for the assessment of the protein-glycide ratio
      and acid-base activity of feed ration. The determination of urea content in an
      average milk sample was found to be an expeditious procedure. The results of this
      examination can be used for the evaluation of the protein supply to cows with the
      same reliability as the determination of serum urea. The passage of urea from
      serum to milk was proportional. The correlation coefficient for the relation of
      both parameters was statistically highly significant (r = 0.940). According to
      the calculated equation of regression line (f2 = 0.734 + 0.669 X f1), the values
      from 2.94 to 4.10 mmol/l are approximately adequate to the reference range of
      serum urea from 3.30 to 5.00 mmol/l in milk used in Czechoslovakia. The acidity
      of milk was found to have a low sensitivity for being used with success for the
      determination of the acid-base activity of feed ration. The examination of the
      net acid-base urinary output cannot be replaced by the determination of milk
      acidity.

PMID- 6433533
TI  - [The effect of heat stress on acid-base homeostasis in pigs].
AB  - Thermal stress was induced experimentally in the hybrid pigs LW X L, weighing 45
      to 52 kg. The trials were repeated in boxes heated to the temperature of 43 to 47
      degrees C. The pigs were examined for the values of tremor, pH, partial pressure
      of carbon dioxide (pCO2), base excess (BE), buffer base (BB), standard and actual
      bicarbonate (SB and AB), total carbon dioxide (tCO2) and partial oxygen pressure
      in blood (pO2). Thermal stress caused marked tachycardia, polypnoea, higher body
      temperature, increased blood pH, reduction of partial carbon dioxide pressure.
      Respiratory alkalosis was accompanied by cardiovascular weakness, general
      excitation followed by apathy, cyanosis and dyspnoea.

PMID- 6433534
TI  - [Morphological changes in brucellosis in guinea pigs due to experimental
      infection with Brucella suis].
AB  - Sixty-four guinea-pigs were infected with the germs of Brucella suis. biotype 2
      via the vaginal, peroral, intranasal, conjunctival and subcutaneous routes. In
      the subcutaneous infection the length of the trial was 151 days and in the other
      methods of infection 56 days. As found, guinea-pigs are highly sensitive and
      brucellosis lesions were detected in all cases. Brucellosis was chronical and
      spread locally in the guinea-pigs. In the haematogenic spreading of the disease,
      lesions were constantly recorded in liver, spleen and lungs. In the cases of
      subcutaneous infection lesions were also observed in regional lymph nodes at the
      places of infection. The lesions had amorphous structure and regular borders. The
      lesions were characterized by pronounced exudation and the exudate was subject to
      caseous necrosis, followed by colliquation. Secondary central colliquation was
      regularly observed in older granulomas, so that colliquation is considered as a
      characteristic morphological trait of brucellosis process in guinea-pigs.
      Histiocytary granuloma constituted the microscopic basis of the lesions. In older
      granulomas the central necroses were wide and contained a large amount of nuclear
      detritus, owing to the karyorhexis of cells, mainly neutrophiles. In the necroses
      of caseous type lipoid droplets were found and calcification was observed on the
      151st day. Big cells of Langhans type occurred sometimes in the histiocytary
      layer of granulomas; they were present most frequently in the lesions affecting
      lymph nodes. Interstitial pneumonia was a characteristic symptom in liver and big
      cells of Sternberg type were found in the granulomas. Follicular tumor was
      constantly observed in spleens. Morphologically detectable lesions first
      developed in liver after about 7 days from conjunctival infection and
      subcutaneous infection, after 21 days from vaginal and intranasal infection, and
      after 28 days from peroral infection. In the case of subcutaneous infection,
      granulomas were found in the regional lymph nodes on the 14th day. The most
      expressive lesions in organs, mainly liver, were found from the 49th to 56th day
      from infection.

PMID- 6433535
TI  - [Detection of parvoviruses in dogs using the hemagglutination test].
AB  - The haemagglutination activity of the causal agent of canine parvovirosis is
      described. Out of the tested erythrocytes of pig, monkey, cat, horse, cattle,
      sheep, rabbit and guinea-pig, a positive reaction was recorded only in the
      erythrocytes of pig and monkey at the temperature of 4 degrees C. As a result of
      the examination of 20 faeces samples of hospitalized dogs by the method of
      haemagglutination reaction, a positive reaction typical of canine parvovirosis
      was obtained in 17 cases. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by
      antiserum against the virus of panleucopenia of cat in the haemagglutination
      inhibition test.

PMID- 6433536
TI  - The selection of antigens for the diagnosis, prognosis and evolutive study of
      parasitic diseases.
AB  - The hypothesis is set forth that schizodeme (kDNA) typing of Trypanosoma cruzi,
      and possible other parasites, may be used to resolve the problem associated with
      the protean clinical manifestations of the disease. kDNA typing of T. cruzi
      clones may turn out to be useful in: (1) diagnosis; (2) prognosis; (3) production
      of species (generic) vaccines; (4) the study of autoimmunity. We recommend that
      an international culture bank of schizodeme-type T. cruzi be established.

PMID- 6433537
TI  - Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA): comparison with standard ELISA
      and complement fixation assays for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA), standard ELISA and the
      complement fixation (CF) tests were compared in the serodiagnosis of African
      visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Assay sensitivity was determined using sera
      from 44 patients with parasitologically confirmed kala-azar. Using the Dot-ELISA,
      42 of 44 patients (95%) were positive at a reciprocal titer of greater than or
      equal to 32 (titer range 512-524 288). In the standard ELISA technique, 43 of 44
      patients (98%) were positive (titer range 32-32 768). At a reciprocal titer of
      greater than or equal to 8 in the CF test, 35 patients (80%) were positive, 1
      (2%) was negative and 8 patients (18%) showed anticomplementary (AC) activity
      (titer range 8-2048). Specificity, determined using 33 sera from healthy
      individuals not living in endemic areas, was 97% in both the Dot-ELISA and the
      standard ELISA (32 of 33 sera); in he CF test, all sera were negative except 1
      (3%) which showed AC activity. Sera from patients with Chagas' disease cross
      reacted in the dot-ELISA up to a titer of 512. In the standard ELISA, cross
      reactions occurred mainly using sera from patients with Chagas' disease, malaria
      and syphilis, and to a lesser extent with sera from amebiasis, schistosomiasis
      and trichinosis patients. Overall titer agreement in replicate experiments was
      highest in the Dot-ELISA (89%), followed by the standard ELISA (80%) and the CF
      test (72%).

PMID- 6433538
TI  - Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: distribution of agent in the pulp and stroma of
      infected spleens.
AB  - Fourteen spleens were collected from mice infected with the 139A strain of
      scrapie, at a time when the concentration of agent in spleen was at a plateau.
      Scrapie infectivity was present in both the pulp and stromal fractions, but the
      concentration in stroma was about 10 times greater than that in pulp. On average,
      1000 pulp cells were required to give 1 LD50 unit of scrapie infectivity. Linear
      regression analysis of data from 64 mouse spleens showed that the total
      infectivity correlated with tissue weight (P less than 0.001). The titres of the
      14 stromal fractions were significantly correlated with whole spleen weight (P
      less than 0.02) and with the weight of stroma (P less than 0.02), but not with
      pulp weight. Hence, the titres in the isolated stroma probably reflect those of
      the stroma in vivo. In contrast, there was no correlation between total pulp
      titre and spleen weight, pulp weight or pulp cell number. Moreover, gentle
      washing of pulp cells removed about 80% of the total infectivity. This suggests
      that much of the pulp titre is adventitiously associated with cells and is in
      fact agent released from damaged stroma.

PMID- 6433539
TI  - The thermostability of proteases from virulent and benign strains of Bacteroides
      nodosus.
AB  - Protease enzymes, produced by Bacteroides nodosus strains isolated from animals
      with virulent and benign forms of ovine footrot, were partially purified by ultra
      filtration, ion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Each
      enzyme had a similar pH optimum, was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
      (PMSF), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethyleneglycot-bis
      aminoethylether-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), but was not inhibited by 1,10
      phenanthroline. The results suggest that these enzymes are serine proteases that
      require divalent cations for activity. The enzymes could be distinguished by
      their differential temperature stability and differing susceptibility to
      irreversible inactivation by EDTA. Both enzymes were stabilised by incubation in
      the presence of Ca2+, but the enzyme purified from the virulent isolate required
      less Ca2+ for maximum stability. These results suggest that the differential
      thermostability of the protease activity detected in virulence tests is an
      intrinsic property of the protease enzymes.

PMID- 6433540
TI  - Evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination assay as a practical serodiagnostic
      test for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.
AB  - Sera from swine experimentally or naturally infected with Mycoplasma
      hyopneumoniae (the etiological agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine, MPS) were
      tested by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the complement fixation (CF) test. The IHA
      detected antibody at comparable times and levels to the other 2 serological tests
      following experimentally-induced infection. In the late antibody response
      (greater than or equal to 86 days post-infection), the ELISA titres were higher
      than either the IHA or the CF test. The IHA appeared least satisfactory when it
      was used to test sera from commercial swine herds. When 1000 sera were tested,
      the IHA was positive for only 30 (22%) of 135 sera which were positive by the
      ELISA and the CF test. The IHA titres were low; 20 of the 30 sera had a titre of
      only 10. The end-points for the IHA were difficult to read for sera of this low
      titre. The relationship between positive IHA results for the herd sera obtained
      at necropsy, and the occurrence of gross or microscopic lesions typical of MPS
      was poor (41 and 50% agreement, respectively). An agreement of 39% was noted
      between positive IHA results and the localization of mycoplasmal antigens by an
      indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test. However, IHA results correlated
      significantly (P less than 0.05) with gross and microscopic lesions, but not with
      the IIF test. No significant correlation was noted between the IHA (or the other
      2 serologic tests) and the cultural isolation of M. hyopneumoniae or M.
      flocculare. On the basis of these results, the IHA appears to have limited
      promise as a practical test for the diagnosis of MPS in commercial swine herds
      because of the low titres observed, poor correlation of the IHA and other
      indicators of MPS, the necessarily subjective determination of end-points, and
      other inherent technical limitations of the test.

PMID- 6433541
TI  - Reliability of thermonuclease production for the identification of human and
      animal Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - A total of 314 clinical and non-clinical isolates of the genus Staphylococcus was
      tested for coagulase production and glucose and mannitol fermentation. The
      isolates were tested for thermonuclease production and agglutination by sera 17H
      and 61218, which were specific for human and canine S. aureus biotypes,
      respectively. All produced coagulase and fermented glucose. A majority fermented
      mannitol anaerobically except for the canine isolates. A majority of human
      isolates produced thermonuclease (64.3%) and most were agglutinated by serum 17H.
      There was good correlation between thermonuclease production and agglutination by
      serum 17H of human and bovine clinical isolates (86.6 and 80%, respectively).
      This was also true of clinical canine isolates agglutinated by serum 61218, of
      which 75% were thermonuclease-positive. Over half of canine isolates (52.8%) were
      thermonuclease-positive and most were agglutinated by serum 61218. Bovine and
      caprine isolates were 34.1 and 25% thermonuclease-positive, respectively, while
      ovine isolates were only 14.2% thermonuclease-positive. Isolates from these
      ruminant sources were also poorly agglutinated by either serum. It was concluded
      that a greater number of clinical human and canine biotypes of S. aureus produced
      thermonuclease than their non-clinical isolates, and that a majority of other
      animal isolates were negative for thermonuclease. Therefore, the thermonuclease
      test may not be very useful for confirming the animal origin of S. aureus
      isolates.

PMID- 6433542
TI  - In honour of Wilhelm Doerr. On the occasion of his 70th birthday.

PMID- 6433543
TI  - Lipid-rich cell adenoma of the thyroid gland. Report of a peculiar thyroid
      tumour.
AB  - A thyroid adenoma consisting of lipid-rich follicle cells is presented which has
      not previously been described in this organ. The discussion focuses on the
      possibility of its metaplastic origin and on its histological analogy to lipid
      rich carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 6433544
TI  - Gastric plasmacytoma and multisystem autoimmune disease.
AB  - A 54-year-old women with solitary gastric plasmacytoma, Ig M and kappa-light
      chain type, associated with multisystem autoimmune disease is described. The
      gastric plasmacytoma developed seven years after the diagnosis of Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis, primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjogren's syndrome. We speculate that
      this plasmacytoma developed in association with an immunodeficient and/or
      immunosuppressed state resulting from multisystem autoimmune disease and therapy.

PMID- 6433545
TI  - Glicentin-containing cells in intestinal metaplasia, adenoma and carcinoma of the
      stomach.
AB  - Glicentin-containing cells (Glic. cells) in intestinal metaplasia, adenoma and
      carcinoma of the stomach were examined using immuno-histochemical techniques.
      Glic. cells first occurred in the gastric mucosa of the transitional area between
      metaplastic and intact gastric glands. They frequently showed hyperplasia or
      micronoduli in the budding area of the deeper metaplastic glands, but in
      completely intestinalized mucosa these endocrine cells decreased remarkably.
      Gastric adenomas with mild dysplasia had a good number of glicentin
      immunoreactive cells which were located in the deeper adenoma glands. Gastrin-
      and somatostatin-positive cells were also detected in the adenomas. The incidence
      of glicentin-positive tumor cells was significantly higher in well differentiated
      adenocarcinoma than in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Among the seven
      cases of scirrhous argyrophil cell carcinoma, three showed glicentin- and
      glucagon-immunoreactivity in the same area of the tumor. These findings suggest
      that the selective increase of Glic. cells in intestinal metaplasia may be
      closely related to the development of gastric adenoma. Glicentin positive tumor
      cells in gastric carcinomas can be regarded to be an expression of intestinal or
      fetal markers.

PMID- 6433546
TI  - Ultrastructure and membrane permeability of cultured pancreatic beta-cells
      exposed to alloxan or 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - Stereological techniques on electron microscopy micrographs were used to evaluate
      the morphological changes of cultured islet beta cells that had been exposed to
      alloxan or 6-hydroxydopamine. Trypan Blue exclusion by cells cultured for 3 days
      indicated that the cells were 100% viable. Electron microscopy revealed that
      nearly all of the surviving cultured cells were beta cells. Exposure to 5 mmol/l
      alloxan or 1-5 mmol/l 6-hydroxydopamine for 10 or 30 min caused a general
      swelling of the cultured cells with a concomitant swelling of mitochondria and
      nuclei. The size of the secretory granules was not affected by the drugs. Only 3
      10% of the cells excluded Trypan Blue after exposure to 5 mmol/l alloxan or 6
      hydroxydopamine. The data conform with the hypothesis that a primary action of
      alloxan and 6-hydroxydopamine is at the plasma membrane level of beta cells.

PMID- 6433547
TI  - Endocrine cells in the anal canal.
AB  - Endocrine cells are normal inhabitants of the anal canal. While numerous
      endocrine cells are distributed throughout anal ducts and crypts, few are
      dispersed in the anal transitional zone. All these cells were characterized as
      serotonin-storing cells, and this endocrine profile is quite distinctive from
      that of adjacent mucosae. Rectal epithelium contains serotonin, somatostatin,
      enteroglucagon, BPP and HPP immunoreactive cells; endocrine cells are lacking in
      the pectinal folds and perianal skin. It is suggested that this distinctive
      hormonal profile may be regarded as a specific marker of this anal territory. The
      same pattern is found in the fetal transitional lining of anal canal. Evidence of
      serotonin-storing cells in the transitional epithelium of anal glands and crypts
      and in the ATZ epithelium, reinforces the homology between these linings and
      urothelium. The presence of a similar fetal epithelium implies that ATZ
      epithelium in adults is not necessarily metaplastic. All derivatives of the
      cloaca may therefore share the same endocrine profile.

PMID- 6433548
TI  - Morphometric analysis of small intestinal mucosa. I. Methodology, epithelial
      volume compartments and enumeration of inter-epithelial space lymphocytes.
AB  - Morphometric techniques for quantitating cytologic and volumetric changes in
      small intestinal mucosae are described: measurements were controlled with respect
      to a constant 'test area' of muscularis mucosae, thus following valid comparisons
      between normal and damaged mucosae. Procedures for enumerating cell populations
      within mucosal volume compartments are illustrated by analyzing lymphocytes
      within surface epithelium. These techniques serve to distinguish (i) absolute
      cell counts from (ii) relative cell counts ("densities") the latter being shown
      to be considerably affected by changes in epithelial volume. They also permit
      construction of mathematical models e.g. cubes of equivalent volume, volume
      density graphs, proportional volumes, which are illustrated. Use of these
      morphometric procedures showed that there is no major difference in epithelial
      lymphocyte populations between untreated coeliac disease, and control, mucosae.
      The data thus fail to support the widespread view that "infiltration" of coeliac
      disease epithelium by lymphocytes represents a local cell-mediated immune
      reaction to gluten.

PMID- 6433549
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of neuronal and glial markers in retinoblastoma.
AB  - An immunocytochemical study of 30 retinoblastomas was carried out using
      antibodies to neuronal and glial markers. The tumours were found to react with
      antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a marker for neuronal elements, and
      S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), both of which are proteins
      present in glia. Two distinct cell populations were found within the tumour: the
      first, composed of anaplastic tumour cells at various stages of differentiation,
      showed both NSE and S-100 immunoreactivity; the second cell type, which immuno
      stained for S-100 and GFAP, resembled mature glial cells. The results of this
      study indicate that the retinoblastoma may arise from a pluripotential primitive
      cell partially retaining neuronal and glial characteristics.

PMID- 6433550
TI  - Stromal cells of the fibroadenoma of the human breast. An immunohistochemical and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Fourteen fibroadenomas of the human breast were examined by light and electron
      microscopy, and by immunohistochemistry for actin. They were classified into 3
      groups according to their stromal patterns; myxoid, fibrous-cellular and
      sclerotic. Actin immunohistochemistry revealed that the stromal areas were
      strongly positive in the fibrous-cellular group and weakly positive in the myxoid
      and sclerotic groups. By electron microscopy the stromal cells in most cases of
      the myxoid and fibrous-cellular groups were fibroblasts, containing varying
      amounts of microfilaments, 5-7 nm in diameter (actin type filaments). However, a
      dense body was not usually present suggesting these stromal cells were variants
      of myofibroblasts. The amount of microfilaments in fibroblasts was greater in the
      fibrous-cellular group than in the myxoid group. This was consistent with the
      results of actin immunohistochemistry. In 3 cases of the fibrous-cellular group
      peculiar structures simulating Z-lines of striated muscles were noted in some
      stromal cells. Since no myosin filaments were detected, they were regarded as
      intermediate structures between Z-lines of striated muscles and dense bodies of
      smooth muscles. In the sclerotic group, stromal fibroblasts were sparse and had
      fewer organelles.

PMID- 6433551
TI  - The nature of iron deposits in haemophilic synovitis. An immunohistochemical,
      ultrastructural and X-ray microanalytical study.
AB  - Using a computerized electron-probe X-ray microanalytical technique to measure
      phosphorus/iron ratios we have defined the iron saturation of ferritin in vitro
      from prepared ferritin standards of known iron loading. This technique has been
      applied to the study of 5 haemophilic synovial membranes. At light microscope
      level the distribution and relationship of iron/ferritin were defined using
      Perls' reaction and an immunoperoxidase technique respectively. The synovia from
      all cases contained intra and extra-cellular deposits of Perls' positive material
      which were granular in nature in the most superficial synovial cells. There were
      increasing numbers of pheomorphic (1-12 micron diameter ovate bodies in the
      deeper synovial layers. Immunoperoxidase ferritin staining produced a strongly
      positive reaction in the granular material but the ovate bodies were negative
      with the exception of some peripheral staining. X-ray microanalysis showed the
      granular material to be highly iron saturated ferritin and the ovate bodies to be
      almost pure iron. We suggest that iron saturated ferritin in the synovial
      membrane could increase/perpetuate inflammation by promoting lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6433552
TI  - Adenolipoma (thyrolipoma) of the thyroid gland report of two cases and review of
      literature.
AB  - Rare fat cell-containing adenomas (adenolipomas) found in the thyroid gland of
      two patients are presented. Previously documented cases are reviewed. An origin
      from embryonic rests for these tumours as for diffuse lipomatosis of the thyroid
      is discussed.

PMID- 6433553
TI  - Effects of low [Ca2+]0 upon [K+]0 during and after maintained illumination of the
      isolated retina of the toad.
AB  - Using K+-selective microelectrodes, [K+]0 was measured in the receptor layer of
      the isolated retina of the toad, Bufo marinus, during and after maintained
      adapting illumination. Lowering [Ca2+]0 to one-tenth of its control value
      produced larger, more rapid changes in [K+]0 at light onset and offset than under
      control conditions. Lowering [Ca+]0 also produced rod membrane depolarization in
      the dark and larger light-evoked changes in rod membrane voltage. The observed
      effects are consistent with a mechanism by which lowering [Ca+]0 increases sodium
      conductance in rods in the dark, which in turn increases [Na+]i and stimulates
      the rods' NA+/K+ pump. This putative mechanism may be used to explain several
      effects of low [Ca+]0 upon rod function observed previously.

PMID- 6433554
TI  - [Epidemiology of typhoid-parathypoid infections and their prevention in the armed
      forces].

PMID- 6433555
TI  - [A bathtub for conducting experimental procedures using gas-emitting water].

PMID- 6433556
TI  - [A device for the determination of carbon dioxide eliminated through the lungs
      and skin of animals as a function of time].

PMID- 6433557
TI  - [The use of immunological method for the determination of acid alpha-glucosidase
      activity in human muscles].
AB  - Homogeneous preparation of acid alpha-glucosidase, obtained from human placenta,
      was used for immunization of rabbits and production of specific antiserum.
      Immunological procedure was developed for estimation of acid alpha-glucosidase
      activity from human muscles in presence of the enzyme neutral form. Activity of
      acid alpha-glucosidase was measured in 20 patients with various types of nervous
      system impairments. Total activity of alpha-glucosidase in muscles of the
      patients was 11.4 +/- 0.7 nM/min/g of the tissue and activity of the acid form
      constituted about 84.8 +/- 1.7% of the total activity.

PMID- 6433558
TI  - [Protein metabolism in malnutrition and exposure to N-nitrosopiperidine].

PMID- 6433559
TI  - [Morphological criteria of the effectiveness of nitroglycerin, dipyridamole and
      propranolol hydrochloride in an experimental metabolic lesion of the myocardium].

PMID- 6433560
TI  - [Pathophysiology and therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis and of non-ketoacidotic
      hyperosmolar diabetic coma].
AB  - Metabolic derangements in diabetic coma are the sequelae of insulin deficiency.
      These defects are aggravated by the actions of insulin counteracting
      ("diabetogenic") hormones and hypertonic dehydration, which both impair insulin
      action. Conversely, it has been shown that hypo-osmolar rehydration of a
      hyperosmolar, severely hyperglycaemic diabetic patient reduces insulin resistance
      and restores biological responsiveness of previously dehydrated insulin-dependent
      tissues towards insulin. Thus treatment of diabetic coma requires appropriate
      fluid and electrolyte replacement as a life-saving emergency action alongside
      insulin replacement. The use of proper rehydration during the past decade might
      also explain the reported fall in the insulin requirement for the treatment of
      diabetic coma from approximately 1,000 units per coma to low-dose insulin
      therapy. In order to guarantee proper treatment of severe hyperglycaemia and
      normalization of the hyperosmolar state, we feel that hypo-osmolar rehydration
      has to be initiated in parallel with low-dose insulin therapy (5 to 6 U/h) to
      restore the physiological response of the respective target tissues to insulin
      action and to ameliorate glucose utilization. This approach probably avoids a too
      rapid fall in plasma osmolarity, minimizes the risk of cerebral oedema and
      hypokalaemia, and improves survival. The development of severe diabetic
      ketoacidosis or of hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma should be prevented by
      advice to patients on the importance of metabolic monitoring, which can be done
      by proper self-monitoring of blood glucose. In addition, information should be
      provided on the detrimental metabolic effects of both dehydration and stress.

PMID- 6433561
TI  - Effect of protein-energy malnutrition on drug metabolism in man.

PMID- 6433562
TI  - Interactions between nutrition, food and drugs in man.

PMID- 6433563
TI  - Valproate-induced hyperammonemia: role of diet.

PMID- 6433564
TI  - Nutritional and health implications of lysine carnitine relationship.

PMID- 6433565
TI  - Aspects of the metabolism of valproic acid.
AB  - The metabolic routes of valproic acid (VPA) were studied by i.p. administration
      of the mono-unsaturated and hydroxylated metabolites to rats. Conjugation with
      glucuronic acid was a major metabolic route for VPA and its metabolites.
      Conjugation with glycine was a minor route for VPA, but was of more importance
      with the unsaturated metabolites. The hydroxylated metabolites, which were
      further oxidized to oxo-derivatives and subsequently to the dicarboxylic acids,
      were not metabolically dehydrated to form unsaturated metabolites. Multiple
      metabolic pathways, including dehydrogenation, isomerization, hydration,
      hydroxylation, reduction and epoxidation were inferred from the metabolites
      obtained after dosage of the unsaturated metabolites. Six dien-VPA metabolites
      were detected in VPA-treated rats, four of which are present in patients. It was
      concluded that 3-en-VPA and 4-en-VPA pathways, originating through
      dehydrogenation, are distinct from the omega- and omega-1-hydroxylation pathways.
      Enzyme induction from co-administration of phenobarbital caused enhancement of
      the minor omega-1-oxidation pathway, yet the largest effect on clearance came
      from increases in glucuronidation. Mitochondrial processes were unaffected,
      resulting in decreased contribution to the total clearance.

PMID- 6433566
TI  - Mycoplasma and bacterial proteins resembling contractile proteins: a review.
AB  - The basis of gliding motility in prokaryotes including certain mycoplasmas and
      the ability of mycoplasmas to retain their characteristic cell shapes in the
      absence of a supporting cell wall is unexplained. This review examines the
      available studies describing proteins resembling contractile proteins and
      cytoskeletal proteins in prokaryotes. Proteins with a significant degree of amino
      acid sequence homology to the myofibrillar proteins actin and myosin Al light
      chain and to tropomyosin have been described in prokaryotes. In addition, protein
      preparations from Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been shown to bind heavy meromyosin
      fragments, anti-actin antibody, and phalloidin; however, it remains to be proved
      that proteins in these preparations sharing properties with actin are synthesized
      by the mycoplasma.

PMID- 6433568
TI  - Immunologic mechanisms suggested in the association of M. pneumoniae infection
      and extrapulmonary disease: a review.
AB  - Numerous case reports and retrospective studies suggest an association between M.
      pneumoniae respiratory infection and extrapulmonary complications, the most
      common of which involve the central nervous system. There is insufficient
      evidence based on prospective, carefully controlled observations to confirm this
      association at the present time. A variety of mechanisms has been suggested to
      explain the involvement of distant organ systems. These include metastatic
      infection, autoimmunity, toxin generation, and altered host immunity. While none
      of these is based on evidence to prove an association, the state of anergy which
      accompanies M. pneumoniae pneumonia deserves consideration and further study as
      the most plausible link between infecting organisms and extrapulmonary
      manifestations.

PMID- 6433567
TI  - Manifestations and complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: a review.
AB  - Over the past 20 years the annual number of reports on extrapulmonary symptoms
      during Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae disease has increased. Clinical and
      epidemiological data indicate that symptoms from the skin and mucous membranes,
      from the central nervous system, from the heart, and perhaps from other organs as
      well are not quite uncommon manifestations of M. pneumoniae disease. Reports on
      unusual courses of the disease have also accumulated, including cases of severe
      respiratory symptoms, sometimes seen in patients with underlying disease or with
      a concomitant viral infection. Serious extrapulmonary manifestations have been
      common in fatal cases of M. pneumoniae disease. Some observations and
      experimental data on these manifestations and on the possible pathogenic
      mechanisms are dealt with. The conclusion is that such mechanisms are still
      largely unknown.

PMID- 6433569
TI  - Clinical complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease--central nervous system.
AB  - The mechanism of the neurologic complications associated with primary atypical
      pneumonia is unknown. To examine the ability of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to enter
      the brain of experimental animals, the organism was inoculated into adult and
      suckling mice by various routes. After intranasal infection, M. pneumoniae was
      isolated from brains and lungs of both groups of mice. After intracerebral
      inoculation, the high levels of the mycoplasma persisted for two months or more
      in the brains of suckling mice. In addition, after intravenous infection, the
      systemic spread of infection occurred in the mice treated with high doses of
      cyclophosphamide. Our results suggest that M. pneumoniae may be able to reach the
      brain via blood and it may occur with relative ease in compromised hosts.

PMID- 6433570
TI  - New laboratory techniques for isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - The SP-4 culture medium, developed originally for newly isolated plant and insect
      mycoplasmas (spiroplasmas), has markedly improved the recovery of Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae from human clinical materials. This medium, in combination with a
      direct fluorescent antibody test, can enhance the recovery and identification of
      the organism by 30-40 percent over conventional culture procedures. Although
      these modifications are a clear improvement in diagnostic techniques for M.
      pneumoniae, the time required for growth and identification of the agent is still
      a major disadvantage for rapid clinical diagnosis. Thus, there remains a critical
      need for techniques that can specifically identify the major antigens (or other
      components) of the organism within the first week of the infection.

PMID- 6433571
TI  - Serodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA).
AB  - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for detection of
      antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The results of ELISA and its
      sensitivity compared with other serological methods, such as complement fixation
      (CF), metabolic inhibition (MI), mycoplasmacidal test (MC), and
      radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) are reported. ELISA and MC showed greater
      sensitivity than CF and MI, while RIP showed serum titer two- to 16-fold higher.
      ELISA was specific as determined using other human mycoplasma. A simplified
      method based on the determination of ELISA antibody end-point titer by a single
      serum dilution has been proposed. ELISA presented several advantages:
      sensitivity, rapidity, and low cost and, if adequately standardized, could become
      a reliable method for the serodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 6433572
TI  - The role of mycoplasmas in non-gonococcal urethritis: a review.
AB  - The criteria that need to be fulfilled before regarding a mycoplasma as a cause
      of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) are outlined. Of the seven mycoplasmas that
      have been isolated from the human genitourinary tract, most cannot be considered
      as contenders for causing NGU. Although there is no evidence to support an
      etiological role for Mycoplasma hominis, it may be unwise to ignore this
      mycoplasma in view of its known pathogenicity in other situations. The cumulative
      weight of evidence indicates that strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasmas)
      cause NGU in some patients. The reason for their occurrence in the urethra of
      some men without disease needs to be established. Ureaplasmas do not seem to
      cause post-gonococcal urethritis. The role in NGU of M. genitalium, newly
      discovered in the male urethra, is unknown, but its biological features,
      morphological appearance, and ability to cause genital disease in marmosets
      suggest that it may be pathogenic for man.

PMID- 6433573
TI  - H2 gene control and biological activities of a T-cell mitogen derived from
      Mycoplasma arthritidis: a review.
AB  - Mycoplasma arthritidis generates a soluble, non-dialysable, polyclonal mitogen
      which is active for murine and human T lymphocytes in the presence of an
      adherent, radio-resistant, Ia-bearing accessory cell population. Genetic analysis
      has established that the I-E sub-region of the murine H2 gene complex controls
      responses to the mitogen and that this control is exercised at the level of the
      Ia-bearing accessory cell. Lymphocyte proliferation, induction of cytotoxic
      lymphocytes, and interferon induction are all under Ir gene control and appear to
      be dependent upon binding of the mitogen to a specific Ia antigen present on a
      subset of splenic cells. This mycoplasma mitogen provides a new model system to
      define the mechanisms of Ir gene control of lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6433574
TI  - Mycoplasma interaction with lymphocytes and phagocytes: role of hydrogen peroxide
      released from M. pneumoniae.
AB  - Interferon (IFN) production by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with M.
      pneumoniae was investigated. The hydrogen peroxide released from M. pneumoniae
      was responsible for the induction of IFN from lymphocytes, since horseradish
      peroxidase inhibited the IFN production and abrogated the activity of IFN
      production in the supernatant of M. pneumoniae. The antiserum neutralizing IFN
      alpha and IFN beta failed to neutralize partially interferon produced by
      lymphocytes. Treatment either with pH 2.0 or antiserum neutralizing human IFN
      gamma resulted in a partial reduction of interferon. These results indicate that
      interferon produced by human lymphocytes stimulated with M. pneumoniae includes
      both types of IFN gamma and IFN beta.

PMID- 6433575
TI  - Non-specific polyclonal antibody response induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - The ability of heat-killed Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) organisms to induce
      polyclonal antibody production in cultures of blood lymphocytes of healthy
      subjects was studied. MP induced both IgM and IgG production, with a predominance
      of IgM. Supernatants of MP-stimulated lymphocyte cultures were tested by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to measles, rubella, and herpes
      simplex virus. MP as well as pokeweed mitogen induced production of viral
      antibodies of IgG class in lymphocytes of donors who had serum antibodies to the
      corresponding viral antigens. The MP-induced non-specific antibody response was T
      cell-dependent. Lymphocytes from four patients with MP pneumonia, collected nine
      to 13 days after onset of illness, were tested for in vitro Ig production in the
      absence of MP. These lymphocytes spontaneously produced increased amounts of IgM
      and/or IgG. Lymphocytes from three of these four patients spontaneously produced
      viral IgG antibodies to measles and/or varicella antigens, indicating that MP had
      induced non-specific activation of memory B cells in vivo. Spontaneous viral
      antibody production was not found in lymphocyte cultures of healthy donors. The
      non-specific activation of blood B cells in vitro is probably induced by non
      specific helper factors from MP-activated T cells. It is possible that in vivo MP
      also may have a direct activating effect on B cells.

PMID- 6433576
TI  - Mycoplasma attachment to solid surfaces: a review.
AB  - Mycoplasma attachment to glass in a protein-containing environment requires
      energization of the cells, probably to provide more accessibility of binding
      sites. The substance mediating attachment is of protein nature. Studies with
      monoclonal antibodies on M. pneumoniae suggest a concentration of the binding
      sites at the tip structure.

PMID- 6433577
TI  - Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to tracheal monolayer outgrowths.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. It attaches
      to the ciliated respiratory epithelium by means of its attachment tip and the
      sialoglycoprotein receptor site on host cells. To study the mechanical and
      biochemical features of the attachment process, we developed a new in vitro
      biological model of respiratory tissue. The ciliated monolayer system involved a
      collagenase treatment of rodent tracheal explants, followed by incubation in
      Waymouth's MAB 87/3 medium. Epithelial migration led to the development of
      patches of cell monolayers both interior and exterior to the tracheal lumen.
      After seven days of incubation, monolayer patches contained 20 percent ciliated
      cells. Ciliary motion was active for several days after the explant was removed.
      When exposed to M. pneumoniae for two hours, the ciliated cells became covered
      with pathogen. The mycoplasmas were in close association with the host cell
      membranes, and could lie horizontally along the membrane when not physically held
      in a vertical orientation by cilia. Cytonecrosis developed within 48 to 72 hours.

PMID- 6433578
TI  - Purification of attachment moiety: a review.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. gallisepticum possess binding sites of protein
      nature which mediate attachment to neuraminidase-sensitive regions on both
      respiratory epithelium and red blood cells. The binding sites of these organisms
      are similar though not identical. Several approaches were applied for the
      isolation of the binding sites. Of these, the use of affinity chromatography
      yield the least complex protein fraction. We have recently been using
      sialoglycopeptides as the ligands in affinity chromatography. The availability of
      monoclonal antibodies which inhibit the attachment of M. pneumoniae to host cells
      should provide a very specific tool for the isolation of the attachment moiety.
      It should be mentioned that not all mycoplasmas adhere to host cells via sialic
      acid specific receptors, and other approaches should be developed to study these
      mycoplasmas' attachment moieties.

PMID- 6433579
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae attachment to WiDr cell cultures: competitive inhibition
      assays.
AB  - Attachment of radiolabeled M. pneumoniae to human WiDr cell culture monolayers
      was dependent on the WiDr cell density and the concentration of M. pneumoniae.
      Saturation of confluent monolayers grown on 5 mm coverslips was attained with
      only 40 micrograms of M. pneumoniae protein. Preincubating the WiDr monolayers
      with unlabeled M. pneumoniae or with a protein-rich extract prepared from M.
      pneumoniae inhibited subsequent attachment of radiolabeled organisms. Attachment
      inhibition by the M. pneumoniae extract provided a quantitative assay for
      mycoplasmal binding components. Treatment of radiolabeled M. pneumoniae with
      orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin, and gangliosides inhibited attachment to WiDr cells.
      These sialoglycoconjugates may be structural analogues of the target cell
      receptor.

PMID- 6433580
TI  - Association between M. pneumoniae hemolysis, attachment, and pulmonary
      pathogenicity.
AB  - Three different groups of hemolysis mutants were produced by treatment of the M.
      pneumoniae FH-P24 strain with N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine. The first group
      of mutants, strains P24-L1, L2, and L11, showed wide and clear hemolytic zones,
      and attaching ability to erythrocytes and to hamster lung cells were the same as
      the properties of the parent strain and produced significant microscopic lung
      lesions. Mutant P24-S1 showed non-hemolysis and non-hemadsorption, yet retained
      the attaching ability to lung cells and produced milder lung lesions. Mutant P24
      S11 showed none of those activities, did not cause any lung lesion, and was never
      recovered from the lungs of hamsters. A close relationship between the hemolytic
      ability of M. pneumoniae and the histopathogenicity in the hamster lung is
      suggested in this study. The attaching ability of organisms seems to be an
      important factor at the initial stage of infection.

PMID- 6433581
TI  - Medium components adsorbed to mycoplasmal cells.
AB  - Washed cells of Mycoplasma pneumoniae mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant were
      capable of producing lethal anaphylactic shock in mice when injected repeatedly
      into the foot pad. The causative agent is associated with horse serum contained
      in the culture medium but cannot be removed from mycoplasmal cells by repeated
      washing with phosphate buffered saline. Mycoplasmas grown in medium containing
      rabbit serum had a similar effect. No lethal anaphylaxis occurs when M.
      pneumoniae is injected without adjuvant.

PMID- 6433582
TI  - Supramolecular structures in mycoplasmas.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells treated with Triton X-100 showed a detergent
      resistant cytoskeleton. This cytoskeleton consists of microfilaments which seem
      related to eukaryotic actin filaments, both morphologically and in some chemical
      properties, including specific staining by anti-actin antibodies and rhodamine
      labeled phalloidin. The degree of homology, however, is still unclear. In motile
      cells the filaments form an irregular network in the cytoplasm of the cell body
      and a bundle in the frontal projection corresponding to the leading edge of the
      gliding cells. This particular arrangement may reflect different functions. The
      microfilaments could be isolated by differential centrifugation. Analysis of the
      microfilament fraction by SDS gel electrophoresis revealed five major polypeptide
      bands. One of these proteins, with a molecular weight of 42.5 kd, co-migrated
      with rabbit muscle actin. No filaments could be found in a nonmotile mutant, M
      22.

PMID- 6433583
TI  - Interspecies and intraspecies DNA homology among established species of
      Acholeplasma: a review.
AB  - Radiolabeled DNA probes prepared in vitro by the nick translation method were
      used to determine the nucleotide sequence homology among the eight established
      and one unclassified species of Acholeplasma. Very little DNA homology (2 to 21
      percent) was found among these nine distinct species and the heteroduplexes
      showed at least 15 percent mismatching as determined by thermal elution
      endpoints. The data obtained by hybridization analyses paralleled the results
      obtained by the growth inhibition and epi-immunofluorescence serologic
      procedures. The small amount of nucleotide sequence homology among the nine
      distinct species indicate that the Acholeplasma species are quite distinct and
      unrelated to each other genomically, findings which should provide useful insight
      on the molecular biology and evolutionary pathways of these organisms. Labeled 3H
      DNA probes to five strains of either A. laidlawii or A. axanthum hybridized to a
      varying degree to excess amounts of unlabeled DNAs from 12 strains of A.
      laidlawii and six strains of A. axanthum, respectively. Nucleic acid
      hybridization analyses showed a wide variation (48 to 100 percent) in DNA
      homologies among different strains of the two species. The results demonstrate
      that strains of A. laidlawii and/or A. axanthum isolated from diverse hosts and
      habitats (birds, rodents, cats, swine, sheep, cattle, horses, goats, primates,
      and plants) exhibit extensive genotypic variations. 3H-DNA-DNA hybridization
      procedures were found to be extremely useful in establishing or confirming the
      existence of distinct species within the genus Acholeplasma.

PMID- 6433584
TI  - Biological properties of a plaque-inducing agent obtained from Acholeplasma
      oculi.
AB  - A plaque-forming agent arose spontaneously during cloning of Acholeplasma oculi
      19L. The agent produced plaques on A. oculi 19L and A. oculi-i, but not on A.
      laidlawii, A. modicum, or wild isolates of A. oculi. The agent required horse
      serum for plaque formation as well as for adsorption to the indicator lawn;
      however, it was extremely sensitive to an inhibitor in some horse sera. The agent
      retained infectivity after passage through a 50 nm filter and was heat-, Nonidet
      P-40-, and chloroform-labile, but relatively ether-stable. It was not determined
      whether the agent is a virus or a bacteriocin-like substance.

PMID- 6433585
TI  - Binding of MVL-2 virus to A. laidlawii cells.
AB  - Binding of MVL-2 virus, whose envelope lipids were radioactively labeled, to A.
      laidlawii JA1 cells was determined and characterized. The binding followed first
      order kinetics and was temperature-dependent. All MVL-2 particles were capable of
      binding to A. laidlawii cells. At least 75 percent of radioactive MVL-2 bound
      represented specific binding which was markedly inhibited by EDTA. Virus
      infectivity was not essential for binding as inactivation of the virus by
      ultraviolet irradiation did not affect binding. Nevertheless, protein denaturing
      agents or proteolytic enzymes markedly inhibited MVL-2 binding, suggesting that
      the binding site of MVL-2 is of proteinaceous nature.

PMID- 6433586
TI  - Nutritional support of children in the intensive care unit.
AB  - Nutritional support is an integral and essential part of the management of 5-10
      percent of hospitalized children. Children in the intensive care unit are
      particularly likely to develop malnutrition because of the nature and duration of
      their illness, and their inability to eat by mouth. This article reviews the
      physiology of starvation and the development of malnutrition in children. A
      method of estimating the nutritional requirements of children is presented. The
      techniques of nutritional support, including enteral, peripheral, and central
      parenteral nutrition are discussed in detail. Appropriate formulas are given for
      different age groups. Electrolyte, vitamin, and mineral supplements are
      discussed. Guidelines are provided for choosing between peripheral and central
      total parenteral nutrition. A monitoring protocol is suggested and complications
      of nutritional therapy are reviewed. Safe and effective nutritional support
      requires considerable investment of time and effort by members of the nutrition
      team.

PMID- 6433587
TI  - Acute hepatic failure in children.
AB  - Many diseases may present as acute hepatic failure in the pediatric age group,
      including viral hepatitis A and B, adverse drug reactions, both toxic and
      "hepatitic," and inherited metabolic disorders such as tyrosinemia, alpha 1
      antitrypsin deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Management is primarily supportive,
      with care taken to anticipate the known complications of hepatic failure. Few
      "curative" therapies are known, although attempts at stimulating hepatic
      regeneration may be helpful.

PMID- 6433588
TI  - [Protein biosynthesis following heat shock in Bacillus subtilis].
AB  - Heat-activated spores of Bacillus subtilis synthesize during the early outgrowth
      special proteins which are absent from vegetative cells (Hecker 1983). Some of
      these outgrowth-specific proteins may be synthesized in response to heat
      activation of spores. In vegetative cells of B. subtilis synthesis of several
      proteins is markedly induced when temperature is shifted up from 30 to 44 degrees
      C. None of these putative heat shock proteins is synthesized during early
      outgrowth of heat-activated spores at 30 degrees C.

PMID- 6433589
TI  - [Initial experiences with CO2-gas insufflation].

PMID- 6433590
TI  - [Fine structure and development of Sarcocystis aucheniae in llamas].
AB  - Isolated cysts of Sarcocystis aucheniae of the llama (Lama glama) were fed to one
      dog and one cat. Only the dog excreted sporocysts, measuring 13.1-15.7 (15.0 +/-
      0.54) X 9.0-11.3 (10.4 +/- 0.36) micron after 11 days for 21 days. A second cat,
      which had ingested meat of a llama containing macrocysts of S. aucheniae as well
      as sarcosporidial cysts visible only under a microscope also did not excrete
      sporocysts. The cysts of S. aucheniae are surrounded by a folded primary cyst
      wall forming cauliflower-like protrusions into the muscle fibre. The protrusions
      contain numerous microfilaments. In addition, the primary cyst wall forms
      numerous tiny vesicles. The parasitized muscle fibre is located in a large cavity
      within the normal muscle tissue. The cyst wall of S. aucheniae is similarly
      structured to that of S. gigantea of the sheep.

PMID- 6433591
TI  - [Comparative study of the L-antigen content in strains of the gonococcus].

PMID- 6433592
TI  - [Natural abrasion and its gnathological consequences].

PMID- 6433593
TI  - Optimal and age-related experimental conditions for the characterization of the
      relationship between renal and hepatic excretion of drugs in the rat.

PMID- 6433594
TI  - [Incidence of Bacillus cereus and various pathogenic microorganisms in food for
      infants and small children].
AB  - 206 samples of commercially available infant food and their ingredients were
      examined for the content of B. cereus and coagulase-positive staphylococci as
      well as for the presence of salmonellae. B. cereus could be isolated from 64
      samples with numbers between 3 and 460/g (only 2 samples greater than 100/g). Two
      samples contained coagulase-positive staphylococci (4/g each), and no sample
      salmonellae. Growth of B. cereus in reconstituted samples with counts of less
      than or equal to 100/g incubated at 20 and 25 degrees C, reached counts of 10(3)
      10(4)/g after 6-9 h and 3-6 h, respectively. With regard to productivity and
      selectivity no differences between the media used (mannitol-egg yolk-phenolred
      polymyxin-agar according to Mossel, Koopman and Jongerius, and polymyxin-pyruvate
      egg yolk-mannitol-bromthymol blue-agar according to Holbrook and Anderson) could
      be observed.

PMID- 6433595
TI  - [Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in waste water and its behavior under
      biological treatment].
AB  - 103 days long, the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined in 206
      samples of raw wastewater and of the activated sludge after the biological step
      in the wastewater pretreatment plant of Braunschweig. 2594 strains of P.
      aeruginosa were isolated, 95.8% of them showed production of pyocyanin. The
      concentration of P. aeruginosa varied between 2.6 X 10(1) and 4.8 X 10(4)
      cells/ml. Neglecting some exceptions, there were about ten times more P.
      aeruginosa in the sludge than in the clearly filtered wastewater and about one
      hundred times more than in the clearly filtered effluent. In general, P.
      aeruginosa seem not to be reduced by the biological oxidation during the
      wastewater treatment. On the contrary, we observed a multiplication in 69% of all
      cases. The multiplication of P. aeruginosa during the biological oxidation is
      discussed. Finally, the hygienic role of sludge is discussed because P.
      aeruginosa are concentrated herein.

PMID- 6433596
TI  - [Isolation and germ count of Listeria monocytogenes in raw and biologically
      treated waste water].
AB  - The concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was determined in 66 samples of waste
      water and of the effluent after the biological step in the waste water
      pretreatment plant of Braunschweig. 697 strains of Listeria were isolated, 84 per
      cent of them were L. monocytogenes. The concentration of Listeria varied between
      10(3)-2.4 X 10(5) cells/l. Neglecting some exceptions, there were about ten times
      more Listeria in the sludge than in the clearly filtered waste water. In general,
      Listeria seem to be not reduced by the biological oxidation during the waste
      water treatment. On the contrary, we observed a multiplication in 45 percent of
      all cases. The propagation of Listeria within amoebae or other protozoa is
      discussed. Finally, the hygienic role of sludge is discussed because Listeria are
      concentrated in it and they are able to survive many months up to some years.

PMID- 6433597
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition of newborn and premature infants during general bacterial
      infections].

PMID- 6433598
TI  - [Prognostic value of immunoglobulin determination in women with threatened
      abortion].
AB  - Determinations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM were performed with serum and
      uterine blood of women who suffered from threatened abortion. In 40 of the
      examined women the pregnancy could be maintained and finished with normal
      delivery, and in 40 other women spontaneous abortion happened. Mean values of
      IgG, IgA and IgM of serum and uterine blood were significantly higher in women
      with spontaneous abortion than in women with delivery. Prognosis of threatened
      abortion is more unfavourable, if concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum and
      especially in uterine blood increase.

PMID- 6433599
TI  - [Studies on magnesium. 2. Effect of magnesium chloride and magnesium aspartate
      hydrochloride on stress reactions].

PMID- 6433600
TI  - [Studies on magnesium. 3. Effect of magnesium aspartate hydrochloride on stress
      reactions in magnesium-deficient animals].

PMID- 6433601
TI  - Milk and blood ketone bodies, blood isopropanol and plasma glucose in dairy cows;
      methodological studies and diurnal variations.

PMID- 6433602
TI  - Effects of monensin in the ration on milk fat production and some rumen
      metabolites in cows during early and mid-lactation.

PMID- 6433603
TI  - Plasma fibrinogen measurement: prognostic value in calf bronchopneumonia?

PMID- 6433604
TI  - [Biomorphological differentiation of cumulus-ovocyte complexes in swine during
      preovulatory follicular development].

PMID- 6433605
TI  - Periparturient release of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the goat.

PMID- 6433606
TI  - Some morphological relations in the heart of non-trained horses.

PMID- 6433607
TI  - [Fetal homeostasis and antenatal pathology of the brain (a review)].

PMID- 6433608
TI  - [Primary dysplastic ossification of the hip joints].

PMID- 6433609
TI  - Biochemical characterization of ketosis-resistant young diabetics of northern
      India. In vivo effects of i.v. glucose, s.c. epinephrine and i.v. glucagon and in
      vitro effects of anti-insulin serum on adipose tissue lipolysis.
AB  - Epinephrine (10 micrograms/kg body weight) s.c., glucagon (1 microgram/kg body
      weight) i.v. and glucose (0.5 g/kg body weight) i.v. were injected in groups of
      ketosis-prone young diabetics, ketosis-resistant young diabetics, maturity-onset
      diabetics, young and mature controls, each group comprising 8 subjects. Samples
      were drawn at timed intervals and analyzed for glucose, FFA, acetone, citrate and
      plasma free insulin. FFA and glycerol release by the adipose tissue in vitro was
      studied in 6 of each of the following groups: young diabetics and young controls
      in the presence of norepinephrine, anti-insulin serum or both. Failure of the
      adipose tissue of ketosis-resistant young diabetics to respond to lipolytic and
      ketogenic hormones has been suggested by others as the basis for the clinically
      observed resistance to ketoacidosis. The present data do not confirm any failure
      of the liver or adipose tissue to respond to glucagon, epinephrine or
      norepinephrine in these diabetics. The ketosis-resistant young diabetics have
      some endogenous insulin secretory capacity still preserved as evident from their
      basal and post-glucose free insulin levels and effects of anti-insulin serum on
      in vitro lipolysis by their adipose tissues. The available endogenous insulin
      though adequate in preventing excessive lipolysis and ketogenesis, appears
      insufficient to check hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6433610
TI  - The measurement of hemoglobin A1. Evaluation of an 'aldimine eliminator'.
AB  - The efficiency of a newly introduced 'hemoglobin A1 aldimine eliminator' in
      minimizing the effect of recent fluxes of glucose on the determination of total
      glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) was evaluated by comparing HbA1 values measured
      during morning fast and again 6 h postprandially in 26 insulin-dependent diabetic
      subjects by Isolab's Fast Hemoglobin Test System employing dialyzed and aldimine
      eliminator-added non-dialyzed hemolysate. The HbA1 values determined by this
      microcolumn procedure were also compared with those of the conventional
      macrocolumn method of Trivelli. HbA1 measured by the microcolumn procedure and
      aldimine eliminator using non-dialyzed hemolysates did not differ from the HbA1
      values based on dialyzed hemolysates, and a good correlation was found between
      the macrocolumn method and the Isolab's Fast Hemoglobin Test System employing
      both aldimine eliminator added non-dialyzed hemolysate (r = 0.88, p less than
      0.001) and dialyzed hemolysate (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001). When 6 h changes
      were assessed, the mean blood glucose had increased from 11.7 to 15.5 mmol/l (p
      less than 0.001), and no significant increase in HbA1 occurred when HbA1 was
      assayed in aldimine eliminator-added non-dialyzed hemolysates (mean fast HbA1:
      11.7% and mean postprandial HbA1: 11.8%). Therefore, the use of the HbA1 aldimine
      eliminator appears to be valuable, practical and time-saving.

PMID- 6433611
TI  - Desensitization of the pituitary gland induced in vivo by luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LRH) or by the LRH-analogue buserelin does not affect the
      autonomous secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone as
      observed in vitro.
AB  - Three-weeks ovariectomized rats were sc implanted with Alzet osmotic minipumps
      which released either LRH or the LRH-analogue buserelin at the rate of 250 ng/h.
      Control rats were implanted with a silastic 'shampump'. After explantation, 6
      days later, the pituitary glands of part of these rats were exposed to the
      maximally active LRH concentration of 1 micrograms/ml for a period of 6 h, using
      a perifusion system. In a second group of rats explantation and perifusion was
      done not directly, but 5 days after cessation of the LRH pre-treatment. After 6
      days in vivo pre-treatment with LRH or with buserelin the pituitary LH and FSH
      stores were partially depleted, the depletion after buserelin being stronger than
      after LRH. The pituitary glands of the first group of rats showed rates of both
      maximally LRH-stimulated and unstimulated (autonomous) LH- and FSH-secretion
      which were strongly impaired, the impairment after buserelin being stronger than
      after LRH. In the group with a 5 days interval between in vivo LRH/buserelin pre
      treatment and explantation the pituitary LH and FSH stores were restored to the
      range of pre-treatment levels. Of these pituitaries the autonomous secretion of
      LH and FSH as well as the maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of FSH was restored
      to the normal level; the maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of LH, however,
      remained depressed, indicating that 5 days after cessation of exposure to LRH or
      to buserelin, and in spite of restored pituitary LH/FSH contents, the sensitivity
      of the LH releasing system to LRH was still subnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6433612
TI  - A new clonal strain of rat pituitary tumour cells: a model for non-regulated
      secretion of prolactin.
AB  - A new clonal strain of Prl-secreting cells derived from the transplantable rat
      pituitary tumour, 7315a, has been established in culture. The cells of this
      strain, designed 235-1, have a highly developed Golgi complex, an extensive rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, and a few small but no large dense-core granules. When
      inoculated into athymic mice and rats of the Buffalo strain, the 235-1 cells
      produce tumours, and the host animals have hypertrophied mammary glands that
      produce milk, indicating that Prl secreted by these cells has mammotrophic
      activity. In monolayer culture, the doubling time of 235-1 cells is 31 +/- 1 h
      (mean +/- SE). The cells secrete Prl, a trace quantity of GH, but no LH, FSH,
      TSH, ACTH, or alpha-MSH. Prl is released at a rate of 257 +/- 12 fg per h per
      cell. The cellular content of Prl is 424 +/- 23 fg per cell. Prl secretion by 235
      1 cells is not affected by dopaminergic agonists and antagonists, TRH, or
      oestradiol-17 beta but is inhibited in the presence of EGTA or monensin, an
      ionophore that is believed to act at the level of the Golgi complex. The
      subcellular distribution of Prl in 235-1 cells is different from that in rat
      pituitary cells. In 235-1 cells, Prl is associated not with a single set of dense
      particles as it is in pituitary cells but with 2 sets of subcellular particles,
      of which 1 set cosedimented with particles having lysosomal enzyme activity.
      These findings suggest that Prl secretion by 235-1 cells involves secretory
      pathways that are different from those seen in normal lactotrophs.

PMID- 6433613
TI  - Inhibition of folliculogenesis in the monkey following early follicular phase
      administration of an LRH agonist.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine if early follicular phase administration
      of a synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) agonist would produce
      luteal phase defects in the monkey. [D-His(im-Bzl)6,Pro9]LRH N-ethylamide was
      administered to groups of rhesus monkeys on days 1-3 of the menstrual cycle. Two
      responses were observed: a) anovulatory menstrual cycles of less than 14 days
      duration, and b) ovulatory menstrual cycles characterized by unusually long
      follicular phases. All 4 monkeys with shortened menstrual cycles had prominent
      increases in serum gonadotrophin and oestradiol concentrations during treatment
      with the LRH agonist; early menses in these animals was attributed to uterine
      bleeding upon oestrogen withdrawal. Serum FSH concentrations declined, serum LH
      concentrations were unaltered, and only 2 of 8 monkeys had elevations in serum
      oestradiol during ovulatory menstrual cycles. The mean interval from cessation of
      treatment with the LRH agonist to the next preovulatory gonadotrophin surge was
      21.5 +/- 3.2 days in ovulatory menstrual cycles. Corpus luteum function was
      normal following treatment with the LRH agonist in ovulatory cycles. The results
      indicate that both the long and short menstrual cycles observed following early
      follicular phase administration of the LRH agonist to monkeys can be attributed
      to a profound inhibition in follicle recruitment. [D-His(im-Bzl)6,Pro9]LRH N
      ethylamide did not alter corpus luteum function in the monkeys.

PMID- 6433614
TI  - Hormonal bases of the correspondence between microscopic and ultramicroscopic
      features of human cervical mucus.
AB  - By studying the changes of microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of cervical
      mucus and the corresponding changes of ovarian hormone levels throughout the
      cycle, a close correspondence was found between micro and ultramicrostructures.
      The optical structure of non canalized mucus and the electronic features of
      membranous mucus maintained a similarly unvaried morphology in spite of the
      striking changes in hormonal levels during the cycle. On the contrary, a varied
      morphology corresponding to the changes of cyclic levels of ovarian hormones was
      observed in the optical structure of canalized mucus and in the electronic
      features of filamentous mucus. Therefore, whatever its micro or ultramicroscopic
      features, the dehydrated mucus showed two components, one dependent and the other
      independent of ovarian hormones. A similar conclusion has also been reached for
      fresh mucus components.

PMID- 6433615
TI  - Influence of Danazol on gonadotropin secretion and synthesis by rat pituitary
      cells in cultures. Comparison with gonadal steroids.
AB  - Increasing concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone (1.10(-10) to
      1.10(-7] and Danazol (1.10(-9) to 1.10(-6) M) have been added to male rat
      pituitary cells maintained in monolayer cultures for a preincubation period of
      three days followed by a six hour incubation with or without GnRH (1.10(-8) M).
      Concentrations of LH and FSH have been assessed in the culture media and in the
      cells at the end of the experiments allowing an estimation of the influence of
      these steroids on gonadotropin release and synthesis. In these experimental
      conditions, estradiol does not modify basal and GnRH induced FSH release and
      synthesis but reduces the GnRH-induced response of LH. Testosterone and
      progesterone stimulate synthesis of FSH but inhibit synthesis and secretion of LH
      in the presence of GnRH. These results have been compared with those of
      literature. Danazol, in the same experimental conditions, stimulates synthesis of
      gonadotropins and simultaneously inhibits their release induced by the presence
      of GnRH. We conclude that Danazol is able to act at the pituitary level as
      testosterone which is in good agreement with its androgenic properties.

PMID- 6433616
TI  - Erythrocyte density distribution in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Density distributions were determined for sickle cell erythrocytes from 27
      patients with HbSS genotype using the phthalate ester microcapillary differential
      flotation method of Danon and Marikovsky. Mean density distribution curves showed
      HbSS erythrocytes to have trimodal populations with significant increases in both
      dense and light cell fractions when compared to 20 normal controls of HbAA
      genotype (p less than 0.05). Irreversibly sickled cell (ISC) and reticulocyte
      counts were compared with density distributions. Integrated unit areas under the
      dense cell population curves correlated with ISC percentages, while corresponding
      unit areas for light populations correlated to a lesser extent with reticulocyte
      percentages. Mean cell density, D50, varied widely among patients and correlated
      poorly with the ISC or reticulocyte percentage; however, D50 did correlate with
      the net change in integrated unit areas. Several patients had repeated density
      distributions over a 2-year time period. All HbSS patients showed increased but
      variable dense cell fractions which could not be definitively correlated with the
      clinical state of the patient. Transfusion reproducibly resulted in a lowering of
      the dense cell fraction. Erythrocytes from the HbSC patients showed a uniform
      increase in density and absence of the large dense cell fraction seen in most
      HbSS patients. This method provides a simple means for quantitation of the light
      and dense cell fraction in blood of patients with sickling disorders and displays
      the profile of erythrocyte density heterogeneity for the individual sickle cell
      patient.

PMID- 6433617
TI  - Phagocytosis-dependent neutrophil-mediated extracellular cytotoxicity against
      different target cells.
AB  - Normal human neutrophils, incubated with 0.2 mg/ml opsonized zymosan particles,
      were found to lyse human (H), ox (O) and chicken (C) red blood cell (RBC) targets
      as determined by the 51Cr release assay. The susceptibility to the lysis of the
      different target cells was HRBC less than ORBC less than CRBC. An intact
      neutrophil metabolic burst was essential for the cytotoxic event, since
      neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease failed to kill all
      three target cells. HRBC and ORBC destruction was prevented by catalase and
      unaffected by azide, suggesting the requirement of hydrogen peroxide alone in the
      lethal hit. CRBC destruction was abolished by catalase and azide, suggesting the
      involvement of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system. Thus, different
      neutrophil cytolytic systems may become operative and may vary in their
      efficiency depending on the type of target cells.

PMID- 6433618
TI  - Assessment of therapeutic control of anticoagulation.
AB  - The control achieved in two anticoagulant clinics over 1 year was studied. The
      result of 430 patient years of treatment in 732 patients was assessed. Overall,
      the patients were maintained in the therapeutic range (British ratio 2.0-4.0) 85%
      of the time, 'under-anticoagulated' 10% and 'overtreated' 5% of the time.
      Patients on long-term treatment had better control than those on short-term
      treatment (87 and 72% of time in therapeutic range, respectively). Short-term
      patients were 'undertreated' one quarter of the time. Assessment of the
      percentage of time individual patients spent within the therapeutic range was a
      useful index: 77% short-term patients and 99% long-term patients were controlled
      more than half the time; and 30% short-term plus 40% long-term patients were
      controlled all the time. Two complementary methods of assessing therapeutic
      control are used. The standard of control compares favourably with other reports,
      but shows areas where improvements can be made. For assessment of clinical
      benefit from anticoagulants, close quality control of treatment by such methods
      is essential.

PMID- 6433619
TI  - Association of the hemophilia A carrier state and hemorrhagic thrombocytopathy
      with dilatation of the platelet membrane complex.
AB  - Associations of hereditary abnormalities of the factor VIII complex and
      hereditary platelet disorders have previously been reported in 12 families.
      Another family is reported in which 6 members had a bleeding tendency and
      thrombocytopathy characterized by impaired platelet aggregation and dilatation of
      the platelet membrane complex. Apart from the platelet function abnormalities the
      proband had diminished levels of factor VIII clotting activity (36 U/dl) and
      factor VIII clotting antigen (31%) while factor VIII-related antigen and
      ristocetin cofactor were normal. The other affected family members had normal
      levels of factor VIII:C. Consequently, the proband was defined as a hemophilia A
      carrier manifesting also hereditary thrombocytopathy.

PMID- 6433620
TI  - Congenital afibrinogenaemia in a Saudi family: a case report and family study.
AB  - Afibrinogenaemia in a female Saudi child is reported. Two siblings died of
      bleeding. The parents, who are first cousins, a brother and two sisters are
      asymptomatic heterozygotes with fibrinogen levels of less than 1.5 g/l. The
      presentation was described and compared to other cases reported.

PMID- 6433621
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: report of an unusual case with hepatomegaly due to a large
      vascular tumor of the liver, mediastinal mass and pleural effusion containing
      hairy cells.
AB  - An unusual patient with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) who developed marked
      hepatomegaly due to a large vascular tumor in the liver is reported. The relation
      of this vascular tumor to the microscopic splenic pseudosinuses and hepatic
      angiomatous lesions encountered in HCL is discussed. To the best of our knowledge
      this represents the first case report of the association of HCL with large
      macroscopic hemangioma of the liver causing hepatomegaly. The patient also
      developed a large paratracheal mediastinal mass with a recurrent pleural effusion
      which was shown to contain many typical hairy cells. This rare finding is
      discussed in relation to the isolated cases of lymphocytic lymphoma who present
      with clinical and morphological features mimicking HCL. This patient had HCL
      according to all established criteria with characteristic morphological,
      cytochemical and ultrastructural features and the pleural effusion and
      mediastinal mass were most probably part of the HCL neoplasia, despite the fact
      that biopsy was not performed.

PMID- 6433622
TI  - Generalized Castleman's disease with urinary elimination of heavy chain
      fragments.
AB  - A generalized form of Castleman's disease of transitional type is reported in a
      66-year-old male who was found in addition to have gamma heavy chain fragments in
      his urine. One portion of them was constituted by Fc fragments and the other ones
      by fragments which reacted with anti-Fab/IgG and anti-Fc/IgG antisera but not
      with anti-kappa and anti-lambda antisera. The findings of the present case
      support an immunological basis for Castleman's disease.

PMID- 6433623
TI  - Monocytic sarcoma of the sclera.
AB  - A patient with acute monocytic leukaemia and gross ocular involvement
      successfully treated with local irradiation is described. Leukaemic infiltration
      of the sclera developed at a time when the patient appeared to be in
      haematological remission. Despite the frequency of extramedullary disease in
      monocytic leukaemia the diagnosis of monocytic sarcoma may be very difficult.

PMID- 6433624
TI  - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and P50 after exercise.

PMID- 6433625
TI  - Expression of HLA-DR antigens and cell proliferation in acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia of children.
AB  - Non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children can be further
      subdivided into common, null/undifferentiated and pre-B ALL. The overall
      labelling indices (LI) showed comparable values for these 3 subtypes of ALL. By
      sequential immunological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies on single bone
      marrow cells, combined with morphological evaluation, blast cells could be
      attributed to the compartments of E-Ia+sIgM- and E-Ia-sIgM- cells, in pre-B/B ALL
      also to the compartment of E-Ia+sIgM+ cells. In all 30 patients investigated, the
      LI of Ia+ blast cells was higher than the LI of Ia- blast cells (p less than
      0.001). However, no correlation between the percentage of Ia+ blast cells and the
      overall LI could be found in these patients (r = 0.284; p greater than 0.1).

PMID- 6433626
TI  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome and plasmocytoma. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - The 4th case of plasma cell neoplasm associated with a hypereosinophilic syndrome
      is described and compared with the previous reports. Hypereosinophilia in the
      present patient displayed some borderline traits with eosinophilic leukemia.
      Myeloproliferative disorders of the eosinophilic line often present as a
      precancerous state, but sometimes they seem to acquire malignant independence. In
      our patient the occurrence of a plasmocytoma with a dramatic course leads to
      suspect an underlying complex genetic aberration.

PMID- 6433627
TI  - Response to vincristine treatment in a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic
      syndrome with multiple clinical manifestations.
AB  - A case is reported of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome involving many organs
      and systems and with a wide range of clinical findings: hematologic,
      cardiovascular, skin, pulmonary, spleen, liver, and gastrointestinal. Mortality
      in such patients is very high, but aggressive medical treatment (vincristine 2
      mg/week for 5 weeks) produced a significant clinical benefit and considerably
      improved our patient's prognosis.

PMID- 6433628
TI  - Elliptocytosis preceding myelofibrosis in a patient with polycythemia vera.
AB  - A patient with polycythemia vera showed marked elliptocytosis in the peripheral
      blood, 2 years after the diagnosis was established. 4 years later on, the patient
      developed myelofibrosis. The significance of elliptocytosis, which appears during
      the course of polycythemia vera, as an early indicator for the development of
      myelofibrosis is discussed.

PMID- 6433629
TI  - Hereditary spherocytosis presenting in pregnancy.
AB  - A family with hereditary spherocytosis is described in which 3 sisters had
      haemolytic episodes during six pregnancies. None was treated with splenectomy and
      each pregnancy has resulted in the birth of mature live infants. Other members of
      the family were asymptomatic. When not pregnant, the 3 sisters were also
      asymptomatic. The spectrum of clinical and haematological features in hereditary
      spherocytosis is discussed. In patients presenting with hereditary spherocytosis
      and haemolysis during pregnancy, the necessity for splenectomy is assessed.

PMID- 6433630
TI  - A glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant, Gd(-) Santamaria found in Costa
      Rica.
AB  - Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-chromosomal
      linked abnormality often associated with hemolytic anemia. The G6PD variants
      obtained from 2 unrelated males, one associated with enzyme deficiency and
      history of hemolytic jaundice, and the other associated with enzyme deficiency
      but no hemolytic problems, were examined. Although the 2 subjects have no known
      consanguinity, the two enzymes could not be distinguished from each other in
      respect to their electrophoretic mobilities and kinetic properties, both
      exhibiting slower than normal anodal electrophoretic mobility, lower Km for G6P
      and NADP and higher rate of utilization of 2-deoxy-G6P and deamino-NADP. An
      unique double-banded pattern was observed in starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0
      and pH 8.6. The variant is distinguished from all reported Gd variants, and it is
      designated Gd(-) Santamaria.

PMID- 6433631
TI  - Acquired hemoglobin H disease in a case of refractory anemia with excess of
      blasts (RAEB) evolving into acute nonlymphoid leukemia.
AB  - A new case of refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) with acquired
      Hemoglobin H disease (HbH) evolving into acute nonlymphoid leukemia (ANLL) is
      reported. In this patient, both family and personal history were negative for
      alpha thalassemia. At time of diagnosis of RAEB, 'golf ball' erythrocytic
      inclusions, typical of HbH, were found. The cellulose acetate electrophoresis (pH
      8.9) revealed a fast moving band, corresponding to HbH. An evolution into ANLL,
      M1 subtype, 25 months later, has been documented.

PMID- 6433632
TI  - Burkitt-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia--presentation of an unusual case:
      clinical features and diagnostic criteria.
AB  - An unusual case of a 61-year-old woman with Burkitt-like acute lymphoblastic
      leukemic (ALL) is presented. The disease was confined to peripheral blood and
      bone marrow. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria as reviewed from the
      literature are described. Burkitt-like ALL seems to be a separate entity in the
      spectrum of B-cell diseases.

PMID- 6433633
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia in a patient with polycythemia vera.
AB  - A 70-year-old female patient is described in whom classical hairy cell leukemia
      developed following a 15-year course of polycythemia vera continued by
      myelofibrosis. This association has not been described previously.

PMID- 6433634
TI  - IgD plasma cell leukemia and uterine malignant mixed Mullerian tumor.
AB  - The case of a 74-year-old female with an IgD kappa plasma cell leukemia is
      presented. In contrast to the majority of the cases in the literature, this
      patient responded rather well to melphalan and prednisolone and survived for 20
      months after starting treatment. Another remarkable feature was the simultaneous
      occurrence of a double uterine neoplasm, a malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of the
      homologous variety (also called carcinosarcoma).

PMID- 6433635
TI  - Multiple neoplasms in hairy cell leukaemia.
AB  - A patient who presented simultaneously with typical hairy cell leukaemia (HCL)
      and multiple myeloma (MM) is described. He was treated with melphalan and
      irradiation and 18 months later presented with an adenocarcinoma. The occurrence
      of multiple neoplasms in this patient may reflect an underlying predisposition to
      neoplasia secondary to the immunological defects common in B cell
      lymphoproliferative diseases.

PMID- 6433636
TI  - Treatment of sickle cell diseases with aspirin.
AB  - The effects of long-term aspirin for the treatment of sickle cell disease were
      compared with placebo in a double-blind trial completed by 29 patients. Each
      patient was submitted to a 5-month period of treatment with aspirin (median dose
      31 mg/kg/day) and an equivalent period with placebo. No clinical or laboratory
      differences were observed between the two phases, including the frequency of
      painful crises and infectious episodes, hemoglobin concentration, PCV,
      reticulocytes, Hb F, bilirubin, irreversibly sickled cells, filterability of red
      cell, sickling in vitro and hypoxia-induced potassium loss.

PMID- 6433637
TI  - Age-related effect of high-dose IgG infusion in autoimmune thrombocytopenia
      (ATP). Analysis of 87 treated patients reported in 13 studies.

PMID- 6433638
TI  - Differences in capping behavior between immunological phenotypes in childhood
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A study with ConA and an anti-HLA-ABC backbone.
AB  - Capping with concanavalin A (ConA) and monoclonal anti-HLA-ABC backbone was
      studied in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Capping with ConA and
      HLA gave quite different results, both in common ALL and T-ALL. With ConA most
      cases capped poorly, comparable to results described in chronic lymphatic
      leukemia and lymphoma, but in several cases capping was comparable to that of
      normal lymphocytes. In HLA capping T-ALL cells capped better than common ALL
      cells. HLA capping of T-ALL cells is comparable to that of normal lymphocytes.
      HLA capping results in handmirror cell formation giving support to the hypothesis
      that capping and motility are associated events.

PMID- 6433639
TI  - Schistosome circulating antigens (CSA) as a possible diagnostic parameter for
      active infections.

PMID- 6433640
TI  - Neurofibromatosis tumor and skin cells in culture. II. Structural proteins with
      special reference to the cytoskeletal and cell surface components.
AB  - Structural proteins of cultured neurofibromatosis (NF) tumor and skin cells were
      studied with reference to control skin fibroblasts. In polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE)/fluorography the banding patterns of the cell lysates were
      markedly similar. NF tumor cells, however, produced a 60 kD band with a stronger
      and a 48 kD band with a lighter protein staining and metabolic labeling
      intensity. Furthermore, skin cells were also characterized by a 26 kD protein and
      the tumor cells by a 22 kD protein with high metabolic labeling intensity.
      Neuraminidase/galactose oxidase/NaB3H4-labeled NF skin and control skin cells
      possessed a 220 kD protein that was less intensively labeled in the tumor cells.
      The banding pattern of the skin cells was also characterized by a protein with
      slightly lower molecular weight (86 kD) than that of the tumor cell lysates (90
      kD). In all cell lines studied indirect immunofluorescence stainings revealed
      bright arrays of vimentin type intermediary filaments but no desmin, cytokeratin,
      glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or neurofilament proteins. NF skin and
      control skin cells possessed well developed actin-containing bundles of
      microfilaments, while those of the tumor cells lacked a typical stress-fiber
      organization. The general morphology of the tumor cell cultures was also
      irregular. Transmission electron microscopy revealed no basic differences in the
      structure of intermediary filaments or microfilaments. The present data provide
      basic knowledge of neurofibromatosis skin and tumor cells and demonstrate that
      cultured cells originating from neurofibromas are defective in both their
      intracellular and extracellular organization.

PMID- 6433641
TI  - The occurrence and significance of myelin with unusually large periodicity.
AB  - The occurrence of myelin with an unusually large periodicity has been noted in a
      variety of human and animal diseases by many authors. It has also proved possible
      to create regular alterations in periodicity by various treatments of fresh
      unfixed nerve. We have quantified the changes found in material from a variety of
      sources and conclude that they are compatible with the occurrence of
      physicochemical changes in the myelin membranes, leading to overhydration.

PMID- 6433642
TI  - Congenital ventricular diverticulum in the brainstem. Report of four cases.
AB  - This report concerns rare ventricular malformations observed in four fetal
      brains. Multiple aqueductal diverticula were the only malformation of the central
      nervous system (CNS) in one case, unilateral diverticula of the 4th ventricle in
      a holoprosencephaly and a hydrocephaly, and a ventral accessory aqueduct in a
      fetus with trisomy 18. These findings are the pathologic progression of embryonal
      ventricular recesses which may be seen in normal brains.

PMID- 6433643
TI  - Neuropathologic study on chronic neurotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and its masked
      compounds in dogs.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil (FU) and its masked compounds tegafur (FT) and carmofur (HCFU)
      were administered orally to Beagle dogs daily for 6 months, and their chronic
      neurotoxic effects were examined morphologically. In ten dogs that survived the 6
      month treatment large vacuoles produced by splitting of the intraperiod line of
      myelin were observed in the fornix in the wall of the third ventricle. In
      severely affected dogs large vacuoles developed in the medial preoptic area,
      medial portion of the internal capsule, the area around the subthalamic nucleus
      and the mammillo-thalamic tract. Axons of myelinated fibers affected by
      vacuolation were generally well maintained, and destruction of myelin was not
      detected. Though proliferation of glia cells or abnormality of oligodendroglia
      was not detected, a lipid deposit covered by a single layer membrane was observed
      in the cell bodies and processes of astrocytes. No abnormality was detected by
      electron microscopy in the cerebrum, inferior colliculus, cerebellum, or pons. Of
      eight dogs that died during the treatment period, large vacuoles were observed in
      the fornix in the wall of the third ventricle of four dogs treated for more than
      1 month, and large vacuoles were present in the inferior colliculus in two dogs
      of the FT group in the above four dogs. In the HCFU group, the interruption of
      treatment for 6 months resulted in alleviation or disappearance of the vacuolar
      lesions. The above findings suggest that the neurotoxicity of FU and its masked
      compounds FT and HCFU in long-term treatment produces changes morphologically
      identical with one another in respect to the site of their manifestation and
      nature of lesion, that their common degraded product alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine
      (FBAL) plays a crucial role in their neurotoxic actions, and that vacuolar
      lesions, to which myelin was more vulnerable than neurons, can develop where the
      toxic substance readily deposits and accumulates.

PMID- 6433644
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of neurofilament protein in neuronal
      degenerations.
AB  - The immunohistochemical localization of human neurofilament proteins was studied
      in a variety of neuronal changes by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using
      antisera raised against each of the subunit proteins of human neurofilament.
      Torpedoes of the cerebellum, axonal spheroids of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as
      well as of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, and neurofibrillary changes in a case
      of Pick's disease were consistently immunostained. Occasionally, a positive
      immunoreactivity was also observed in Lewy bodies, in neurofibrillary tangles of
      progressive supranuclear palsy, and in neuritic processes of senile plaques.
      Neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer type and Pick's bodies, however, did not
      react with the antisera. These data indicate that the human neurofilament does
      not share major antigenic determinants of its subunit protein with either
      Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles or Pick's bodies.

PMID- 6433645
TI  - Effect of D, L-alpha-aminoadipate on the mediobasal hypothalamus and endocrine
      function in the rat.
AB  - Using the glutamate analog, D,L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (D,L-alpha AA),
      experiments were conducted to examine the nature, extent, and specificity of its
      toxicity in the mediobasal hypothalamus and to determine its effect on endocrine
      homeostasis. Neonatal rats received daily injections of D,L-alpha AA (4 g/kg BW)
      on postnatal days 5-10 and were killed at various post-treatment intervals. Sex
      matched littermates were given equimolar amounts of NaCl and served as controls.
      Treated rats killed 18 days post injection weighed slightly less than controls
      and had reduced testicular, ovarian, and uterine weights, but the differences
      were not statistically significant. In D,L-alpha AA treated rats serum and
      pituitary levels of TSH and PRL were comparable to control values. Pituitary
      content of LH (male's and female's) and FSH (female's), however, was lower (P
      less than 0.05) in D,L-alpha AA treated rats than in controls, but serum levels
      were not significantly different. Distinct cytopathologic changes were evident in
      the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of D,L-alpha AA-treated rats killed at 2
      and 6 h post injection only. By 12 h evidence of acute damage had largely
      disappeared. Both glial and ependymal cells underwent edematous swelling and
      necrosis, but neurons were largely unaffected. Evidence of reactive changes, such
      as gliosis, infiltration of microglia, and removal of debris, however, were not
      very conspicious. A random sample of mediobasal hypothalami of rats killed 18
      days post injection failed to show any detectable lesion or residual effects of
      earlier pathology. Age at the time of exposure to the gliotoxin was found to be
      an important variable affecting both extent and duration of injury. The most
      deleterious effects were observed when the gliotoxin was administered in the form
      of a single injection on postnatal day 5 only. The results suggest that normal
      neuronal activity and endocrine homeostasis, specifically gonadotropin, may be
      irreversibly altered as a consequence of transient disruption of the glial
      compartment.

PMID- 6433646
TI  - Benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood. Diagnostic significance of vestibular
      examination and headache provocation tests.
AB  - Sixteen children with benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) are presented. The great
      majority had a family history of migraine, neurological and autonomic signs
      associated with vertiginous attacks, and headache or other sign of the periodic
      syndrome (motion sickness, cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain) unrelated to the
      attacks. Vestibular examination, including bithermal caloric and rotational
      testing with ENG recording, showed normal or transiently decreased vestibular
      function. Headache provocation tests with nitroglycerin, histamine and
      fenfluramine were positive in 9 of the 13 patients examined, and in 4 cases
      induced a typical vertiginous attack instead of headache. BPV can be considered a
      migraine precursor or a migraine equivalent, attributable to the same vascular
      and/or biochemical disturbances responsible for migraine.

PMID- 6433647
TI  - [Effect of gossypol acetic acid on testosterone, LH and FSH levels of male rats].

PMID- 6433648
TI  - Somatostatin release and plasma molecular somatostatin components in man.
AB  - The present paper describes a sensitive, precise and specific radioimmunoassay
      method for measurements of plasma somatostatin; significant rises in plasma
      somatostatin following a test meal, intraduodenal infusion of fat and HCl, and
      intravenous injection of insulin; and separation of immunoreactive plasma
      somatostatin into two components probably representing bound and free molecular
      forms of somatostatin both in fasting and postprandial human plasmas.

PMID- 6433649
TI  - The effect of lighting conditions on plasma levels of gonadotropins in castrated
      male rats.
AB  - Plasma levels of LH and FSH were measured in castrated male rats kept in a 12/12
      h light/dark cycle (control lighting), continuous light or continuous darkness.
      In Experiment I, the animals were kept in the three illumination conditions for 5
      weeks. They were then decapitated for blood collection. In Experiment II, the
      blood samples were collected daily via permanently implanted aortic cannulae
      after 7 days of adaptation to the experimental lighting condition. In both
      experiments, the plasma levels of LH and FSH were higher in the rats kept in
      continuous light than in those kept in control conditions. After exposure to
      darkness for 5 weeks, the gonadotropin levels did not differ from the control
      values. In Experiment II, the levels of FSH were lower in darkness than in the
      control lighting, but the levels of LH did not change.

PMID- 6433650
TI  - The effect of blood sampling on plasma levels of LH and FSH in male rats.
AB  - Plasma levels of LH and FSH in male rats were compared in blood samples collected
      by decapitation or through permanently implanted aortic cannulae. The hormone
      levels were higher in the samples taken by decapitation. After cannulation, the
      gonadotropin levels remained unchanged when sampling occurred only once a day and
      each rat was bled 1-3 times over a period of 7 days (sample volume 2.3 ml). The
      hematocrits of these rats decreased from 42% to 34% after two samplings. In
      another experiment the LH and FSH levels increased when seven samples had been
      taken during 24 h. In this experiment the blood cells were reinfused into the
      circulation, and as a result after 5 samples the hematocrit decreased only from
      45% to 40%. A drop in food consumption was observed after cannulation. It is
      suggested that the increase in gonadotropin levels may be due to the acute stress
      caused by handling during and before decapitation or decrease in gonadotropin
      levels may be due to the chronic stress caused by the implanted cannula. The
      frequent bleedings and cell infusions into the cannulated rats may stimulate the
      secretion of gonadotropins, opposing the effect of chronic stress.

PMID- 6433651
TI  - Renal venous and urinary PGE2 output during intrarenal arachidonic acid infusion
      in dogs.
AB  - Inferences about total renal (venous and urinary) PGE2 output from determinations
      of urinary excretion rates (U PGE2 V) cannot be made unless the distribution of
      PGE2 between renal venous plasma and urine is known. Therefore, in the present
      study on intact kidneys of anesthetized dogs both urinary excretion of PGE2 and
      the renal venous output (the product of plasma flow and venous concentration of
      PGE2) was determined during low and high rates of renal PGE2 synthesis. PGE2 was
      measured in urine and arterial and renal venous plasma by radioimmunoassay during
      the following conditions: (1) Hydropenia. In the control condition U PGE2 V
      averaged 0.041 +/- 0.012 pmol/g . min and varied between 4 and 70% of the total
      PGE2 output. With infusion of arachidonic acid (AA, 160 micrograms/kg . min) into
      the renal artery total PGE2 output increased from 0.18 +/- 0.03 to 3.23 +/- 0.51
      pmol/g . min, whereas arterial concentrations of PGE2 were unchanged. The urinary
      fraction still varied between 6 and 46% of total renal PGE2 output. (2) High
      urine flows caused by mannitol, saline or saline and ethacrynic acid (ECA)
      infusion. These procedures did not stimulate total renal PGE2 output and the
      urinary fraction varied between 4 and 49%. ECA combined with saline infusion
      increased the urinary fraction significantly to 34.7 +/- 4.0%. AA increased the
      total PGE2 output as during hydropenia, but the urinary fraction fell to 13% in
      13 dogs and was unchanged at about 8% in six dogs. On average the urinary
      fraction of total PGE2 output was significantly lower than in hydropenia. Thus,
      the urinary fraction of total renal PGE2 output is not constant, and urinary
      excretion of PGE2 does not give reliable information about renal synthetic rates
      of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6433652
TI  - Potential applications of synchrotron radiation in clinical practice.

PMID- 6433653
TI  - Potentialities of synchrotron radiation in experimental and clinical radiation
      surgery.

PMID- 6433654
TI  - Selection of intravascular contrast media in clinical radiology.
AB  - From previous experimental investigations and from the present clinical
      experience in more than 2000 examinations it is clear that the adverse reactions
      of Omnipaque are markedly less when compared with those of conventional contrast
      media for intravascular use. Similar observations have been made for other low
      osmolar contrast media. These new media should therefore replace the conventional
      media for intravascular use. The economical consequences are discussed.

PMID- 6433655
TI  - Human pharmacologic trials with iohexol.
AB  - Injections of iohexol in two series of volunteers, 20 in 1980 and 16 in 1982 are
      briefly reported. Intravenous injections of iohexol in doses from 125 to 1500 mg
      I/kg body weight were well tolerated. Iohexol was completely excreted in
      unchanged form. The results indicate that iohexol may safely be used in clinical
      trials.

PMID- 6433656
TI  - Cost-benefit in treatment of mild hypertension.

PMID- 6433657
TI  - [Diverticula of the female urethra. Apropos of 3 cases. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 6433658
TI  - Polyamine biosynthetic enzymes as targets in cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - In this chapter we focus attention on recent developments in the biosynthesis of
      putrescine, spermidine and spermine and their linkage to salvage pathways of
      methionine and adenine nucleotide synthesis. We describe the use of specific
      inhibitors of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes for studying the role of
      polyamines in cell growth and division as well as in cell differentiation. Some
      novel findings are presented which suggest that part of the inhibitory action
      that polyamine synthesis inhibitors exert on DNA synthesis may be due to the
      accumulation of ADP and ATP. We show that polyamine synthesis inhibitors are
      capable of inducing terminal differentiation of neoplastic cells to forms with no
      further proliferative potential, and briefly discuss the potential use of this
      approach in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6433659
TI  - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases of normal tissues.
AB  - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases from normal tissue have been studied using
      synthetic peptides as substrate. Spleen had much higher activity of the enzyme in
      the particulate fraction than any other normal tissue (except purified T
      lymphocytes). The tyrosine protein kinase from the particulate fraction of rat
      spleen was partially purified and characterized. The kinase could phosphorylate
      src-related as well as unrelated peptides and casein at tyrosine residues. The
      enzyme in the membrane seemed to have somewhat different substrate specificity
      than the solubilized, partially purified enzyme. Serum containing antibody to
      pp60v-src did not precipitate the kinase; however, the protein kinase could
      phosphorylate the heavy chain of IgG from TBR serum (but not from normal serum).
      The possible relationship of the tyrosine-specific protein kinase of spleen with
      pp60c-src and other tyrosine-specific protein kinases is discussed.

PMID- 6433660
TI  - Enzymatic activation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate via conversion to 5, 10
      methenyltetrahydrofolate.
AB  - The ATP-dependent conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (folinate) to the 5,10
      methenyl derivative, catalyzed by 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (EC
      6.3.3.2), is of considerable importance in cancer chemotherapy, since it provides
      the basis for the administration of folinate to counteract the deleterious
      effects of high-dose Methotrexate regimens. Methenyltetrahydrofote synthetase has
      been purified 10,000-fold from L. casei using sequential affinity chromatography
      on immobilized folinate and ATP. The monomeric enzyme is homogeneous upon SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has a molecular weight of 23,000 (confirmed
      by gel filtration), and contains a single cysteine residue. The turnover number
      is ca. 250 min-1, and the Km values at pH 6 for 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and Mg
      ATP are 0.6 and 1.0 microM, respectively; the equilibrium constant is 0.7-1.0 mM.
      Methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and folate are not inhibitory. The
      mechanism for the reaction is proposed to involve phosphorylation of the formyl
      group to create an enol phosphate; subsequent attack on the methenyl carbon by N
      10 would generate a tetrahedral intermediate, with release of the phosphate
      providing the driving force for ring closure.

PMID- 6433661
TI  - Probing the infra-structure of thymidylate synthase and deoxycytidylate
      deaminase.
AB  - Methods are described for preparing and structurally analyzing two enzymes
      involved in the formation of dTMP, deoxycytidylate deaminase and thymidylate
      synthase. In the latter case, it has been possible through the use of recombinant
      DNA techniques with an amplification plasmid to obtain sufficient amounts of the
      E. coli and T4-phage synthases to complete the entire sequence of both enzymes by
      employing a combination of protein and DNA sequencing methods. A comparative
      analysis of the L. casei and E. coli synthases has revealed a 62% conservation of
      sequences but an even greater homology in their hydrophobic active site regions
      (82%), which are primarily hydrophobic in nature. The homology between these
      enzymes becomes apparent by deleting a 51 amino acid segment (residues 89-139)
      from the L. casei synthase, which accounts for the difference in size between
      these enzymes. Methods for obtaining the binding sites of both substrates are
      described, one being the activation of the carboxyls of folate with a water
      soluble carbodiimide and the other, the activation of dUMP by ultraviolet light.
      The DNA and protein sequence of the T4-phage synthase has recently been clarified
      by us and is in preparation. Of great interest is the finding by Purohit and
      Mathews (42), based on our sequence data for the synthase, that the gene segment
      for the carboxyl terminal end of dihydrofolate reductase overlaps with the amino
      end of the gene for thymidylate synthase. The complete amino acid sequence of T2
      phage deoxycytidylate deaminase has been elucidated by conventional protein
      sequencing methods. The binding characteristics of this enzyme for its positive
      allosteric effectors and substrates, as determined by equilibrium dialysis, are
      consistent with the cooperative nature of its kinetic responses. Consistent with
      these findings was the demonstration that each of the enzyme's six subunits bound
      an equivalent amount of substrate or allosteric modifier. Similarly the deaminase
      showed a marked negative change in ellipticity at 280 nm in response to
      increasing concentrations of dCTP, changes which could be reversed by dTTP. From
      the information on the enzyme's primary sequence, it should be possible to define
      the substrate and allosteric binding regions within the deaminase with the
      appropriately activated compounds. A start in this direction has been initiated
      by the finding that dTTP is rapidly and apparently covalently fixed to the amino
      terminal cyanogen bromide peptide of the enzyme in the presence of ultraviolet
      light.

PMID- 6433662
TI  - The catechol dioxygenases.

PMID- 6433663
TI  - Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of diuretic-induced hyponatremia.

PMID- 6433664
TI  - Dopamine: vascular and renal effects and alterations in hypertension.

PMID- 6433665
TI  - Forces determining selection of uremia therapy.

PMID- 6433666
TI  - Conception and development of strategies for treating end-stage renal failure at
      Necker Hospital.

PMID- 6433667
TI  - Granulomatous interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 6433668
TI  - Recent advances in familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 6433669
TI  - Role of lithium-ADH interaction in lithium-induced polyuria.

PMID- 6433670
TI  - Metabolism and secretion of antidiuretic hormone in patients with renal failure,
      cardiac insufficiency, and liver insufficiency.

PMID- 6433671
TI  - Dialysis and transplantation in Newcastle upon Tyne.

PMID- 6433672
TI  - Role of vasopressin in cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and adrenal disorders.

PMID- 6433673
TI  - Coagulation and thromboembolic complications in the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6433674
TI  - The humoral immune response in tuberculosis: its nature, biological role and
      diagnostic usefulness.

PMID- 6433675
TI  - Research on BCG vaccination.
AB  - BCG vaccination against tuberculosis has been used for many years in practically
      all national tuberculosis programmes. It is often the mainstay of the programme
      as regards young children, in whom case-finding and treatment remain deficient,
      especially regarding the serious meningeal and miliary forms of tuberculosis.
      Following contradictory reports on the effectiveness of BCG vaccination, a large
      scale controlled trial was carried out in south India, under the sponsorship of
      WHO. The early results of this trial showed that BCG vaccination provided no
      protection whatsoever against bacillary disease in adults. To examine this
      unexpected finding WHO convened a Scientific Group, which considered that the
      reported results per se are valid but might not apply in general. Since the
      effectiveness of a potentially very useful and generally applied control measure
      appeared seriously challenged, a Study Group was convened by WHO. The Group
      considered that under the circumstances BCG vaccination, especially of young
      children, should be continued, but that the effectiveness of BCG vaccination
      should be evaluated forthwith. A comprehensive programme has been formulated
      accordingly. The primary objective of the programme is to evaluate in an
      expedient manner the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in children. A number of
      problems inherent to the special situation had to be circumvented. In the case of
      tuberculosis, community trials of the classical type have to be prolonged and are
      extremely costly. Moreover, since BCG vaccination has been used widely, it is
      virtually impossible to find a suitable trial area; many countries are reluctant
      to conduct such trials for ethical reasons because they require an unvaccinated
      group. Retrospective studies, although providing no conclusive scientific
      evidence when carried out in isolation, may give useful information if organized
      in a comprehensive evaluation programme. Another approach proposed is based on
      the active follow-up of child contacts of newly detected cases of tuberculosis.
      This provides information on the magnitude of the tuberculosis problem in
      children as well as a powerful retrospective evaluation of the protective effect
      of vaccination; in the case that the results are inconclusive a prospective
      approach on the same principle would be ethically justified. The study population
      is only a small fraction of that required in a community trial, and the follow-up
      of each individual is reduced to a few months. In addition to providing
      information on the effectiveness of BCG vaccination, the field studies, supported
      by other research, may clarify the variations in protection observed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6433676
TI  - The antiinflammatory profile of (5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5-ylidene)acetic
      acid (WY-41,770), an agent possessing weak prostaglandin synthetase inhibitory
      activity that is devoid of gastric side effects.
AB  - Wy-41,770 [(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)acetic acid], a novel acrylic
      acid, was compared to indomethacin and aspirin in standard antiinflammatory,
      analgesic and antipyretic animal models. The acute antiinflammatory, analgesic
      and antipyretic activity of Wy-41,770 (oral ED50S 50-170 mg/kg) was similar to
      aspirin; however, it was considerably more potent orally in adjuvant arthritis in
      the rat (ED50, 16 mg/kg) and urate-induced synovitis in the dog (ED50, 4.5
      mg/kg). Wy-41,770 was a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis and did not
      inhibit either 5- or 15-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, the cellular migration
      characteristic of carrageenan pleurisy was not affected by Wy-41,770. Unlike a
      majority of NSAIDs, it produced no gastric irritation in rats after either acute
      or chronic oral administration over the range 400-800 mg/kg. The major mechanism
      of action of Wy-41,770 has yet to be identified but does not seem to involve
      interference of arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6433677
TI  - Effect of gold salts, D-penicillamine and benoxaprofen on type II collagen
      induced arthritis in rats.
AB  - We investigated the therapeutic effect of two gold salts, gold sodium thiomalate
      (GST, i.m.) and auranofin (p.o.), D-penicillamine (p.o.) and benoxaprofen (p.o.)
      in rat collagen-induced arthritis using type II collagen from fetal bovine
      articular cartilage. GST, but not auranofin, reduced hind paw edema and bone
      pathology. However, auranofin reduced serum copper and zymosan-induced
      prostaglandin production from peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, GST increased
      both serum copper and macrophage prostaglandin production by zymosan.
      Benoxaprofen reduced both hind paw edema and pathology, whereas D-penicillamine
      was without effect. None of these treatments influenced the circulating level of
      antibody to type II collagen.

PMID- 6433678
TI  - Pharmacological control of leukotriene and prostaglandin production from mouse
      peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Leukotriene and prostaglandin production by mouse peritoneal macrophages was
      investigated. It could be shown that the tumour promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate initiated the release of prostaglandin E2 but had
      little effect on the release of leukotriene C4-like immunoreactivity. The
      divalent cation ionophore A 23187 at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-8)
      mol/l initiated prostaglandin as well as leukotriene release. This prostaglandin
      and leukotriene release could be modulated by drugs. Non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs including benoxaprofen inhibited prostaglandin release but
      simultaneously enhanced leukotriene production. The analgesics paracetamol and 4
      methylaminoantipyrine had similar effects at high concentrations. The
      experimental compound BW 755 c inhibited prostaglandin and leukotriene production
      while the antithrombotic compound nafazatrom inhibited the production of
      leukotriene C4-like immunoreactivity but enhanced prostaglandin E2 production.
      Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited prostaglandin and leukotriene production. The
      results show that the metabolism of arachidonic acid in macrophages via the
      cyclooxygenase or the lipoxygenase pathway is dependent on the stimulus applied.
      Both pathways can be inhibited conjointly or selectively by drugs. Our results do
      not provide evidence that differences in anti-inflammatory activity claimed for
      some of the drugs tested can be explained by differential inhibition of either
      pathway. The experimental system described may be used for assessing the potency
      of drugs to inhibit the lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase pathway of
      arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6433679
TI  - Novel concepts in the mode of action of anti-inflammatory steroids.
AB  - Since the discovery that cortisone could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent,
      this compound and synthetic anti-inflammatory steroids have been widely used in
      all inflammatory and allergic diseases. Anti-inflammatory steroids have been
      reported to act on almost all steps of the inflammatory reaction. Nevertheless
      their molecular mechanism of action has remained poorly understood, in opposition
      to non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs whose mechanism is now well known. We
      report here recent data concerning their molecular mechanism of action. These
      recent results have all led to the conclusion that part of their action can be
      explained by the synthesis "de novo" of one or more proteins which then will
      inhibit the deacylation of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Whether
      the action of this or these proteins can explain all the known anti-inflammatory
      actions of steroids remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6433680
TI  - Regulation of the oxidative burst of macrophages by lipid mediators.
AB  - Macrophages, on stimulation, generate both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase
      products of arachidonic acid as well as the acetylated phospholipid, PAF-acether.
      The latter induces the oxidative burst in C. parvum-activated macrophages, but
      has little activity on resident macrophages. Mouse macrophages are generally
      rather insensitive to PAF-acether. Prostaglandin (PG)E2, on the other hand is a
      potent inhibitor of the macrophage oxidative burst, though its activity is also
      dependent upon the source of the macrophages and the stimulus used. Several
      lipoxygenase inhibitors inhibit the oxidative burst of mouse peritoneal
      macrophages, while other authors have reported stimulatory effects of
      lipoxygenase products on different macrophage populations. The differential
      actions of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase products on the macrophage oxidative
      burst are reflected by the effect of arachidonic acid on the zymosan induced
      response of mouse resident peritoneal cells: initial enhancement, followed by
      prolonged inhibition, the latter being indomethacin-sensitive. While PAF-acether
      is probably an important initiator of the macrophage oxidative burst in vivo,
      arachidonic acid modulates the response by a "see-saw mechanism", lipoxygenase
      products being stimulatory and cyclo-oxygenase products (mainly PGE2) being
      inhibitory.

PMID- 6433681
TI  - The metabolism of arachidonic and linoleic acid in rabbit peritoneal tissue: a
      short review.
AB  - The results obtained in the biotransformation studies demonstrate that
      lipoxygenase and PG-cyclo-oxygenase reactions represent major pathways in the
      metabolism of both arachidonic and linoleic acid in rabbit peritoneal tissue.
      Although the physiological significance of the hydroxy derivatives of arachidonic
      acid and linoleic acid is still unclear, it is tempting to assume that in tissues
      containing lipoxygenase activity, some of the effects ascribed to hydroxy
      arachidonates and their hydroperoxy precursors, e.g. inhibition of leukotriene
      and of PGI2 biosynthesis (16, 17) could for a great part be invoked by linoleic
      acid derivatives, as these products can be formed in larger quantities than the
      corresponding arachidonate derivatives.

PMID- 6433682
TI  - Macrophage regulation by arachidonic acid metabolites: can this physiological
      control process serve as a model for novel pharmacotherapy of immuno-inflammatory
      conditions?

PMID- 6433683
TI  - [Microflora of dentobacterial plaque on approximal surfaces].

PMID- 6433684
TI  - Short bowel syndrome.
AB  - This syndrome can result from surgical resection of large amounts of the small
      intestine. The hallmark is malabsorption, which can result in diarrhea,
      malnutrition, and a number of severe and possibly lethal metabolic abnormalities.
      New techniques for parenteral nutrition in the home have permitted patients with
      this syndrome to lead relatively normal lives, while allowing continuing
      adaptation of the remaining small intestine.

PMID- 6433685
TI  - Pericardial pressure assessed by right atrial pressure: a basis for calculation
      of left ventricular transmural pressure.

PMID- 6433686
TI  - Black-white differences in plasma levels of apolipoproteins: the Evans County
      Heart Study.
AB  - Evans County black males had lower ischemic heart disease (IHD) prevalence,
      incidence, and mortality than white males. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol was lower in IHD cases than in subjects without IHD. HDL cholesterol
      and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) were higher and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and Apo C-II were
      lower in black than white males. Of the black-white male HDL cholesterol
      difference, 22% was statistically explained by Apo A-I. Controlling for Apo C-II
      reduced the black-white differences in total cholesterol 87%, LDL cholesterol
      44%, VLDL cholesterol 83%, and total triglyceride 83%. There were negative
      associations between Apo A-I and age, Quetelet index, and cigarettes smoked; the
      association between Apo A-I and alcohol was positive. Only body mass index and
      race were strong correlates of Apo C-II. The ratios of Apo A-I to Apo A-II and of
      HDL cholesterol to Apo A-II were higher in black than white males with adjustment
      for age, body mass, and cigarette and alcohol consumption. Thus black-white
      differences in total lipids, lipoprotein lipids, and lipoprotein apoproteins were
      observed, indicating a relatively antiatherogenic profile in black males only
      partially explained by known correlates.

PMID- 6433687
TI  - Transdermal nitroglycerin in angina pectoris.
AB  - The hemodynamic and antianginal efficacy of transdermal nitroglycerin (TGTN)
      patches were assessed in patients with chronic, stable angina pectoris. In 11
      patients, acute dosing with 10, 20 and 30 cm2 of TGTN (designed to deliver 5, 10
      and 15 mg GTN over 24 hours) improved treadmill walking time 2 and 4 hours after
      application, but no clinical effects were seen at 24 hours. In a second study in
      6 patients with doses of 30, 60 and 90 cm2 of TGTN treadmill walking time was
      improved at 2 and 4 hours, but no changes were seen at 24 hours except with the
      90-cm2 preparation. After daily therapy with 30-cm2 patches of TGTN for 1 to 2
      weeks, exercise tolerance was similar to that seen during daily placebo therapy.
      These results suggest that TGTN patches are of inadequate size to produce 24-hour
      antianginal protection. During sustained therapy, tolerance develops to the
      antianginal efficacy of this form of GTN administration.

PMID- 6433688
TI  - Clinical efficacy and electrophysiologic effects of intravenous and oral
      encainide in patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways and
      supraventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The electrophysiologic effects and clinical efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) and
      oral encainide were studied in 13 patients with accessory atrioventricular (AV)
      pathways (7 overt, 1 intermittent and 5 concealed) and drug-resistant
      supraventricular arrhythmias (5 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 1 atrial
      tachycardia and 7 with orthodromic circus movement tachycardia). Previously,
      therapy had failed with a mean of 3 conventional antiarrhythmic agents. In 5
      patients, amiodarone administration had also been unsuccessful. All patients
      underwent programmed electrical stimulation of the heart before and after 1.5
      mg/kg of i.v. encainide. Seven patients were restudied during oral encainide
      therapy (mean 155.8 +/- 54.2 mg/day) 3 days to 6 weeks (average 21 days) later.
      Anterograde conduction over the accessory AV pathway blocked in 4 of 7 patients
      after i.v. encainide. Oral encainide blocked anterograde conduction over the
      accessory pathway or prolonged the refractory period of the accessory pathway in
      3 of 4 patients. This change in anterograde conduction was independent of the
      predrug value for the anterograde refractory period of the accessory AV pathway.
      Intravenous and oral encainide had minimal effects on retrograde conduction over
      the accessory AV pathway. The clinical effect of oral encainide was studied in 12
      patients. Four patients responded to oral encainide and have been free of
      arrhythmia or side effects for 2 to 20 months (average 10.5). Encainide failed to
      prevent the clinical arrhythmia in 2 patients. In 4 patients with atrial
      arrhythmias, circus movement tachycardia developed during oral encainide therapy.
      In 1 patient the frequency of circus movement tachycardia increased with oral
      encainide treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433689
TI  - Left ventricular mechanics in dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The influence of altered chamber shape on the evaluation of left ventricular (LV)
      mechanics in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is unknown. Nine patients
      with IDC and 7 subjects with normal LV function were studied with simultaneous LV
      pressure and M-mode echographic recordings in order to derive LV meridional wall
      stress. The major axis of the left ventricle, determined from the left
      ventriculogram at rest, allowed for derivation of circumferential wall stress.
      The IDC group was characterized by larger end-diastolic and end-systolic LV
      volumes, increased LV mass, depressed angiographic ejection fraction and more
      spherical LV chamber shape. Both end-systolic meridional (114 +/- 30 kdyne/cm2)
      and circumferential (251 +/- 73 kdyne/cm2) wall stresses were elevated in
      patients with IDC, although the ratio of these stresses was less than normal (2.2
      +/- 0.1 vs 2.7 +/- 0.2, respectively). LV load alteration with phenylephrine or
      nitroglycerin allowed for construction of end-systolic stress-minor-axis
      dimension and end-systolic stress-minor-axis shortening relations. Similar mean
      slopes of the meridional end-systolic stress-dimension relation were noted in IDC
      and normal subjects, although the line was displaced to the right in IDC. The
      slope of the circumferential end-systolic stress-dimension relation was, however,
      decreased in patients with IDC. Moreover, the end-systolic stress-fractional
      minor-axis shortening relation in patients with IDC was displaced downward from
      the normal relation supporting depressed contractile function in these IDC
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433690
TI  - Sudden death during continuous Holter monitoring out of hospital after
      nitroglycerin consumption.

PMID- 6433691
TI  - Formaldehyde- versus glutaraldehyde-processed porcine bioprostheses in the aortic
      valve position: long-term follow-up.

PMID- 6433692
TI  - Antigen processing and presentation by macrophages.
AB  - The classical macrophage is one of the most important cells involved in
      presenting antigen to helper T cells, because of its ability to regulate its
      expression of Ia molecules and to encounter and process particulate and soluble
      antigens. We have summarized in this report studies examining the handling by
      macrophages of two different antigens, the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and
      the protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). The purpose was to identify potential
      sources of immunogenic peptides. Presentation of Listeria required an
      intracellular processing stage sensitive to lysosomotropic drugs. The Listeria
      required internalization and processing, after which immunogenic molecules were
      recognized by T cells on the macrophage surface. Metabolic studies showed that
      Listeria-derived peptides were released by macrophages that had phagocytosized
      the bacteria. The release of these peptides was a temperature-dependent process,
      unaffected by inhibiting lysosomal catabolism by treatment with chloroquine.
      Listeria-derived peptides were also detected on the surface of the macrophage.
      These peptides behaved like integral membrane proteins, some of which persisted
      for at least 24 hr at the macrophage surface. When tested for immunogenicity, the
      released peptides were very weakly immunogenic. The membrane-associated peptides
      alone could not stimulate Listeria-specific T cells, but could be reprocessed by
      additional macrophages and subsequently stimulate the T cells. A defined antigen
      system using HEL-specific T-cell hybridomas was used to examine the processing of
      HEL. Presentation of HEL required a chloroquine-sensitive intracellular
      processing stage. In examining two T-cell hybridomas, a differential requirement
      for antigen processing was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433693
TI  - Serum lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein (B and A-I) responses to saturated fat
      rich diet in cynomolgus monkeys: effects of carbohydrate type and cholesterol.
AB  - The effects of carbohydrate type and cholesterol in a high saturated fat diet
      (40% cal) on serum lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein responses were studied in 12
      male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). For 6 wk each monkey was fed one
      of four semipurified diets that provided by calorie 49% as starch or sucrose
      without and with 1 mg/kcal cholesterol. Starch and sucrose diets without added
      cholesterol resulted in similar levels of serum total cholesterol and apoB;
      whereas starch produced significantly higher values for these variables than
      sucrose when cholesterol was added to these diets. Starch diet, irrespective of
      dietary cholesterol, yielded significantly lower apoA-I levels than sucrose diet.
      Carbohydrate type did not affect serum triglyceride levels. Cholesterol-enriched
      starch diet resulted in relatively higher intermediate- and low-density
      lipoproteins and lower high-density lipoproteins in comparison to similar sucrose
      diet. Thus, the magnitude of responses of serum lipoproteins can be affected by
      the type of carbohydrate.

PMID- 6433694
TI  - The effect of dietary lactose on the early recovery from protein-energy
      malnutrition. I. Clinical and anthropometric indices.
AB  - To assess the advisability of using lactose-containing formulas in the
      rehabilitation of severely malnourished children, indices of clinical recovery,
      growth and restoration of body proteins and gastrointestinal function were
      measured longitudinally during the initial 45 days of hospitalization in 20 male,
      preschool children with kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor. All patients
      received a diet based on cows' milk, but half were allocated to a formula
      pretreated with beta-galactosidase to hydrolyze the lactose, while the others
      received the untreated, intact milk. The groups were identical with respect to
      clinical criteria on admission. For the final 37 days of the protocol, the
      subjects received 4 g of protein and 150 kcal of energy per kg per day. More
      diarrhea was experienced by the intact lactose group during early
      hospitalization. Overall, recovery was satisfactory in both cohorts, and there
      were no differences in rates of growth, body protein repletion, restoration of
      energy reserves nor intestinal functions. In conclusion, the routine reduction of
      lactose content from a milk-based diet for severe protein-energy malnutrition
      offers no advantages.

PMID- 6433695
TI  - The effect of dietary lactose on the early recovery from protein-energy
      malnutrition. II. Indices of nutrient absorption.
AB  - Absorption of dietary energy, nitrogen, carbohydrates and calcium, and retention
      of nitrogen and calcium were studied in 20 children with protein-energy
      malnutrition of the edematous type, using metabolic balance techniques and breath
      H2 analysis, to assess the advisability of using lactose-containing formulas in
      the rehabilitation of severely malnourished children. Ten patients received for
      45 days a diet formula based on cows' milk (intact milk) and 10 similar children
      received the same formula pretreated with beta-galactosidase to hydrolyze the
      lactose (hydrolyzed milk). Dietary intakes were gradually increased to reach, on
      the 8th day, 4 g of protein and 150 kcal/kg. There were no differences between
      groups with respect to absorption or retention of the index nutrients.
      Postprandial carbohydrate malabsorption was occasionally observed in two patients
      with servings of the intact milk formula, and in one with the hydrolyzed milk
      diet. When the nutritional quality of a diet is assessed, the amount of nutrients
      that are absorbed and utilized are more important than the small, incompletely
      absorbed fractions that do not have significant metabolic or clinical
      implications. Therefore, the use of milk as the protein source for recovery diets
      is not contraindicated in the routine treatment of PEM.

PMID- 6433696
TI  - Evaluation of the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test as a screening test for high
      level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci.
AB  - The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test was evaluated as a test to detect high-level
      aminoglycoside (streptomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin) resistance
      in isolates of enterococci. The authors found that high-level resistance could
      not be predicted accurately with the diffusion test.

PMID- 6433697
TI  - Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in cervical swabs using the Gonozyme enzyme
      immunoassay. Clinical evaluation in a university family planning clinic.
AB  - The authors performed a prospective clinical evaluation of the Gonozyme (Abbott
      Laboratories, Chicago, IL) assay in a family planning clinic population. One
      thousand five hundred eighty-eight female patients were screened for gonococcal
      infection using culture and Gonozyme assay. One hundred nine patients were
      culture positive (6.9% disease prevalence). The sensitivity and specificity of
      the Gonozyme assay in this setting was 87.2% and 89.1%, respectively. The
      predictive value of a positive and negative test, given a disease prevalence of
      6.9%, was 37.2% and 98.9%, respectively. The false-positive and false-negative
      rate was 10.9% and 12.8%, respectively. The authors prospectively followed
      patients with true-positive and false-positive Gonozyme results. The Gonozyme
      test showed a 83% correlation with test of cure cultures and, thus, should not be
      used for test cure analysis. False-positive Gonozyme tests could not be explained
      on the basis of cross-reacting bacteria or detection of vancomycin-sensitive
      gonococci. The authors' results suggest that the Gonozyme test should not be used
      in lieu of culture in a clinical setting with a similar population.

PMID- 6433698
TI  - Factor VIII-related antigen in malignant hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid:
      additional evidence for the endothelial origin of this tumor.
AB  - Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid gland, which most often originates
      in a hemorrhagic nodule, is a well-known entity in European alpine regions with
      endemic goiter. In other parts of the world it very rarely has been diagnosed.
      This tumor may display considerable morphologic variation and often has been
      interpreted as a variant of undifferentiated carcinoma. In 13 out of 20 thyroid
      tumors, classified by light microscopy as malignant hemangioendothelioma, Factor
      VIII-related antigen, a marker for endothelial cells, was demonstrated in
      neoplastic cells with the help of immunohistochemical technics applied to
      conventional paraffin sections. In one case, in which material suitable for
      electron microscopy was available, Weibel-Palade bodies were found in tumor
      cells. These findings add strong support to the notion of an endothelial origin
      of this neoplasm.

PMID- 6433699
TI  - On the toxicity of valproic acid.

PMID- 6433700
TI  - Spontaneous chylothorax in newborns.
AB  - During a 22-year period, 12 cases of spontaneous chylothorax in newborns were
      diagnosed at a large pediatric tertiary care center. Seven infants had right
      sided effusions; only one effusion occurred on the left. Severe bilateral
      accumulations occurred in four nonimmune hydropic premature infants. The
      diagnosis was made by the milky appearance and/or the presence of more than 80%
      lymphocytes in the pleural fluid. Early diagnosis of the pleural effusion as
      chyle was associated with a less protracted course than when diagnosis was
      delayed. The total pleural fluid losses varied from 130 to 3,308 mL. Initial
      treatment included chest taps and/or drains in all the infants and mechanical
      ventilation in six. Oral feedings with standard or medium-chain triglyceride
      formulas were given in five; total parenteral nutrition was administered in
      seven. The conditions of two infants with copious and persistent drainage
      improved following surgery. All but one infant survived, and the chylothoraxes
      never recurred.

PMID- 6433701
TI  - A widespread epidemic of mild necrotizing enterocolitis of unknown cause.
AB  - Within a 28-day period, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) developed in 20 of 38
      infants (53%). Patients with NEC were compared with the remaining 18 infants
      hospitalized at the same time who did not acquire the disease. Complications of
      pregnancy and labor-delivery and infant care practices did not differ between
      groups. Mean chronologic age was significantly different between patients with
      NEC and those without, 29 days v 77 days. Mean postconceptional age at the time
      of the outbreak was also significantly different, 33.4 weeks v 42.3 weeks. None
      of the cultures demonstrated a specific common pathogen. The low mortality (5%)
      and the large number of infants affected suggest an atypical out-break of NEC. We
      could not isolate a causative agent despite extensive epidemiologic
      investigation, and suggest that postconceptional age delineates those at risk.

PMID- 6433702
TI  - Bloom's syndrome. Possible pitfalls in clinical diagnosis.
AB  - We treated two patients with Bloom's syndrome and conducted extensive endocrine
      studies. In one patient, we studied longitudinal growth and pubertal development
      and the effect of exogenous human growth hormone on growth velocity. Establishing
      a diagnosis of Bloom's syndrome is difficult in clinical practice. Measurement of
      the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges is essential in patients with growth
      retardation of intrauterine origin.

PMID- 6433703
TI  - Efficacy of several plasma components in a young boy with chronic
      thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia who responds repeatedly to normal plasma
      infusions.
AB  - This report describes a patient with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic
      anemia, proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria that could be transiently improved
      by the infusion of plasma or various plasma components. An increase in platelet
      count following the transfusion of normal plasma was predictable and
      reproducible. In therapeutic trials with commercially available plasma
      components, factor VIII preparations were effective for inducing an increase in
      the platelet count and improving hemolytic anemia, but albumin, gamma-globulin,
      factor IX, and fibronectin preparations were ineffective. Serum from normal
      donors also relieved the symptoms of this condition in our patient. Partial
      plasma exchange (1,000 ml/m2 of body surface area) was performed with albumin
      instead of normal plasma, but there was no significant effect on platelet count
      or anemia. Large, multimeric von Willebrand factor components of the factor VIII
      complex (VIII/vWF) were found in the patient's plasma when his platelet count was
      normal, but their levels were reduced when the platelet count was decreased. The
      multimers of the patient's plasma were larger than those in normal plasma, but
      smaller than those in normal platelet lysate. Although the pathogenesis of this
      disease remains unknown, we conclude that transfusions of normal plasma, serum or
      factor VIII concentrate provide a factor that causes significant improvement in
      the thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, large VIII/vWF multimers
      are possibly directly involved in pathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 6433704
TI  - Viral transformation of skin fibroblasts from persons affected with
      neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6433705
TI  - Stability of nitroglycerin in intravenous admixtures.

PMID- 6433706
TI  - Reimbursement dilemma regarding home health-care products and services.
AB  - Reimbursement mechanisms for home health-care products and services are discussed
      in detail. The two major categories of the home health-care industry--(1) skilled
      nursing, homemaker, and other services, and (2) equipment, supplies, and other
      products (including drugs)--are reimbursed by third-party payers differently.
      While prospective pricing of inpatient care encourages the growth of home-care
      services, government administrators are concerned about potential spending growth
      at a time of ballooning deficits, and private health insurers are uncertain about
      coverage criteria. Nuances of Medicare coverage criteria and private insurance
      reimbursement for home health-care services are described. Medicaid coverage of
      drugs and biologicals for home patients is also described. The Health Care
      Financing Administration (HCFA) is expected to clarify and restrict Medicare
      coverage and payment of home-care products, equipment, and supplies. Medical
      justification will probably become more specific with greater attention to
      patient diagnoses and prognosis of patient therapies. Per-case payment methods
      will be refined to encompass home care. The government and private insurance
      programs will move toward capitation payment methods under which institutions
      will have even greater incentives to develop sophisticated home-care programs to
      substitute for institutional care.

PMID- 6433707
TI  - Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after chlorine inhalation.
AB  - Chlorine gas inhalation is usually accompanied by pulmonary toxicity and
      hypoxemia; the associated acidemia, when present, has been attributed to lactic
      acidosis. This case report describes the development of hyperchloremic metabolic
      acidosis following accidental chlorine gas exposure. The mechanism postulated for
      the production of this acidosis is the absorption of hydrochloric acid following
      the reaction of chlorine gas with tissue water. This may be the first case of
      chlorine toxicity in which the mechanism of the acidosis has been determined.

PMID- 6433708
TI  - Apparent allelism of the Hurler, Scheie, and Hurler/Scheie syndromes.
AB  - The Hurler, Scheie, and Hurler/Scheie syndromes are clinically distinct disorders
      due to inherited deficiencies of lysosomal alpha-iduronidase activity. The
      genetic relationship of these disorders was investigated by complementation
      analysis using a heterokaryon enrichment procedure. Fusions between fibroblasts
      derived from Hurler, Scheie, or Hurler/Scheie subjects in any combination
      resulted in no detectable correction of alpha-iduronidase activity, indicating
      that they form a single complementation group. Control fusions between these
      fibroblasts and mucolipidosis II or III cells, which are also alpha-iduronidase
      deficient due to an enzyme processing defect, resulted in restoration of up to
      57% of normal alpha-iduronidase activity. These results also suggest allelism of
      the Hurler, Scheie, and Hurler/Scheie syndromes. However, the genetic make-up of
      the Hurler/Scheie syndrome was not resolved.

PMID- 6433709
TI  - The pursuit of hepatitis in dialysis units.
AB  - Chronic hemodialysis patients were prospectively followed at monthly intervals
      with hepatitis B serologic (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) and aminotransferase
      determinations. Over this 1 year, 53/176 (30%) had two or more abnormal
      aminotransferase values. In at least 34 of these 53 patients, viral liver disease
      appeared to be the responsible factor. Although patients with anti-HBc were more
      likely to have abnormal aminotransferases, it is probable that most viral
      hepatitis in dialysis units is due to non-A, non-B hepatitis. After a further 2
      1/2 years of follow-up, no clinical evidence of hepatic failure was seen in any
      of the patients with hepatitis. The ultimate course of this disease, however, is
      not yet established.

PMID- 6433710
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis and chronic dialysis--another dilemma.
AB  - To define the incidence of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and evaluate possible
      risk factors, we reviewed records of 163 patients on chronic dialysis during a 3
      year period. 23 cases of NANB hepatitis occurred, 13 (27%) in 49 center dialysis,
      8 (10%) in 77 home hemodialysis (p less than 0.02) and 2 (5%) in 37 peritoneal
      dialysis patients (p less than 0.01). Hepatitis patients received significantly
      more transfusions than controls. Numbers of transfusions and of patients
      transfused were not significantly different in center patients compared to home
      and peritoneal. 8 NANB patients received no transfusions. NANB was the most
      common cause of hepatitis in our unit (68%). Although transfusions were a likely
      etiologic factor, to explain the increased risk in center dialysis patients,
      disease in patients not transfused and development of NANB hepatitis without a
      known parenteral exposure in a physician assigned to the Nephrology Service, we
      feel another etiologic factor was important, the dialysis center.

PMID- 6433711
TI  - Hypoxemia during hemodialysis using acetate versus bicarbonate dialysate.
AB  - To evaluate the extent and cause(s) of dialysis-related hypoxemia, we studied 10
      patients, 7 days apart using acetate (AC) and bicarbonate dialysate (HCO3). We
      measured arterial blood gases, WBC, minute ventilation (VE) and inspired and
      expired gas concentrations and calculated the respiratory quotient (R) and the
      alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a)DO2 before and during hemodialysis. 8
      patients developed hypoxemia. Arterial PO2 (PaO2) dropped similarly at 30 min
      from 93 +/- 5 to 78 +/- 6 (p less than 0.05) and 89 +/- 4 to 79 +/- 5 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.05) with AC and HCO3, respectively. R and VE decreased during AC (p
      less than 0.05). (A-a)DO2 increased at 30 min and correlated with the drop in
      PaO2 during both AC (r = 0.68, p less than 0.025) and HCO3 (r = 0.76, p less than
      0.025). The fall in PaO2 also correlated with the fall in WBC count for both AC
      and HCO3 (r = 0.63, p less than 0.005). The increase in arterial pH during HCO3
      (up to 7.45 +/- 0.01) was significantly greater than that during AC (up to 7.42
      +/- 0.01) (p less than 0.025), and coincided with a relative decrease in VE. We
      conclude that (1) HCO3 does not prevent hypoxemia, and (2) hypoventilation V/Q
      abnormalities and increase in arterial pH, contribute variably to dialysis
      related hypoxemia depending on the type of dialysate and the time during
      dialysis.

PMID- 6433712
TI  - Outcome of fetuses with lactic acidemia.
AB  - Umbilical arterial lactate, pH, PO2, PCO2, and base deficit were measured at
      delivery of 468 live-born infants. The correlation between the 1-minute Apgar
      score and lactate (r = -0.34) was comparable to that between the 1-minute Apgar
      score and pH (r = 0.30). The multiple correlation coefficient between the 1
      minute Apgar score and all five parameters combined (lactate, pH, PO2, PCO2, and
      base deficit) was 0.36. This was not significantly higher than the simple
      correlation coefficient for pH alone (0.30). Similar correlation coefficients
      were noted for the 5-minute Apgar score. The dividing point between normal and
      pathologic lactate levels was 3.70 mmol/L. A pH less than 7.20 and a lactate
      level greater than or equal to 3.70 mmol/L had the same sensitivity, specificity,
      and positive and negative predictive values for low Apgar scores (less than 7).
      While pH and lactate are equally correlated with fetal outcome, their combination
      with each other and with other blood gas parameters does not predict outcome
      better than either pH or lactate alone.

PMID- 6433713
TI  - Transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurements in the fetus during labor.
AB  - Transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (transcutaneous PCO2) was
      measured in 55 fetuses during labor with a carbon dioxide electrode applied to
      the fetal scalp by a suction ring. The application procedure was simple and
      reliable, with reapplication required only 0.6 times per patient. The
      transcutaneous PCO2 recordings were of good quality and were correlated to carbon
      dioxide tensions in the umbilical artery (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001) and vein
      (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001) as well as to capillary PCO2 obtained by fetal
      scalp blood sampling (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001). If fetal distress occurred,
      transcutaneous PCO2 was significantly higher than in the uncompromised fetus.
      Although transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring might be useful for surveillance of the
      fetus during labor, it must still be reserved for scientific purposes for the
      time being.

PMID- 6433714
TI  - Rhesus isoimmunization in twin gestation.
AB  - The incidence of Rh isoimmunized twin gestation is extremely low. There are
      several perinatal risks inherent to twinning. Rhesus isoimmunization further
      increases hazards of such a compromised gestation. This paper reports three cases
      of rhesus isoimmunization in twin gestation, discusses the selective problems of
      such pregnancies, and reviews the pertinent literature.

PMID- 6433715
TI  - The effectiveness of sensory stimulation for geropsychiatric inpatients.
AB  - The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the effectiveness of sensory
      stimulation therapy under controlled conditions, and (b) to ascertain the short
      term effectiveness after treatment ceased. Thirty geropsychiatric patients were
      divided into three treatment condition groups: sensory stimulation, staff
      attention, and standard hospital treatment. Twenty-seven subjects completed the
      12 weeks of treatment and 6 weeks of follow-up. Assessments were made prior to
      treatment, upon completion of treatment, and six weeks after treatment was
      completed. The results showed that those subjects who completed the sensory
      stimulation treatment significantly improved and maintained their improvement in
      the areas of personal hygiene and interest in group activities relative to the
      subjects in the other two treatment approaches studied. Discussion focuses on the
      implications of sensory stimulation for the treatment of elderly psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 6433716
TI  - Relative cheek-tooth size in Australopithecus.
AB  - Until the discovery of Australopithecus afarensis, cheek-tooth megadontia was
      unequivocally one of the defining characteristics of the australopithecine grade
      in human evolution along with bipedalism and small brains. This species, however,
      has an average postcanine area of 757 mm2, which is more like Homo habilis (759
      mm2) than A. africanus (856 mm2). But what is its relative cheek-tooth size in
      comparison to body size? One approach to this question is to compare postcanine
      tooth area to estimated body weight. By this method all Australopithecus species
      are megadont: they have cheek teeth 1.7 to 2.3 times larger than modern hominoids
      of similar body size. The series from A. afarensis to A. africanus to A. robustus
      to A. boisei shows strong positive allometry indicating increasing megadontia
      through time. The series from H. habilis to H. erectus to H. sapiens shows strong
      negative allometry which implies a sharp reduction in the relative size of the
      posterior teeth. Postcanine megadontia in Australopithecus species can also be
      demonstrated by comparing tooth size and body size in associated skeletons: A.
      afarensis (represented by A.L. 288-1) has a cheek-tooth size 2.8 times larger
      than expected from modern hominoids; A. africanus (Sts 7) and A. robustus (TM
      1517) are over twice the expected size. The evolutionary transition from the
      megadont condition of Australopithecus to the trend of decreasing megadontia seen
      in the Homo lineage may have occurred between 3.0 and 2.5 m.y. from A. afarensis
      to H.habilis but other evidence indicates that it is more likely to have occurred
      between 2.5 to 2.0 m.y. from an A. africanus-like form to H. habilis.

PMID- 6433717
TI  - Electron-microscopic study of the apical region of the toad bladder epithelial
      cell.
AB  - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes fusion of cytoplasmic tubules with the
      luminal membrane and delivery of particles from the tubules to the membrane. The
      particles are believed to be the water-conducting elements in the membrane. We
      have employed several scanning (SEM) and transmission electron-microscopic (TEM)
      techniques to study the relationship of the cytoplasmic tubules to the luminal
      membrane and to the apical cytoskeleton of the toad bladder epithelial cell. This
      paper reports the results of freeze-crack SEM and tannic acid-fixed TEM studies,
      as well as studies with a resinless method of embedding. Freeze-cracked
      epithelial cells reveal that the tubules are anchored in a matrix of cytoskeleton
      and granules just below the luminal membrane, and many, if not all, retain their
      anchorage to the matrix after ADH-induced fusion. Tannic acid-fixed specimens
      show that the tubules in unstimulated cells lie horizontally. Fusion appears to
      involve an angulation of the tubules, and this may be the major mode of ADH
      induced tubule movement. There are suggestions in the tannic acid sections of
      filamentous attachments of tubules to the surrounding cytoskeleton. In addition
      there are prominent microfilament bundles running down the microvilli and a dense
      concentration of filaments just below the luminal membrane. The presence of these
      filaments is confirmed in the resinless sections, and their possible role in ADH
      action is discussed.

PMID- 6433718
TI  - Excretion and metabolism of dopa and dopamine by isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - The renal metabolism and handling of dopa and dopamine were studied with the use
      of the isolated perfused rat kidney to elucidate the source of urinary dopamine.
      Dopa added to the perfusate was rapidly metabolized, and a significant amount of
      urinary dopamine excretion was observed, whereas dopa was not detected in the
      urine. When the perfusate dopa concentration was near the plasma dopa
      concentration in normal rats, urinary dopamine excretion was comparable with
      physiological values. Carbidopa, a dopa decarboxylase blocker, added to the
      perfusate markedly reduced the urinary excretion of dopamine. When the
      physiological concentration of dopamine was added to the medium, the perfusate
      dopamine rapidly decreased and urinary dopamine excretion was much less than that
      seen in normal rats. In studies with nonfiltering kidneys, a marked decrease of
      dopa and slight increase of dopamine in the perfusate were observed. It is
      suggested that the process of glomerular filtration and tubular reuptake of dopa
      is not essential for renal dopamine formation. These data indicate that urinary
      free dopamine is mainly derived from plasma dopa, which is converted by dopa
      decarboxylase in the kidney.

PMID- 6433719
TI  - Role of calcium ions in insulin action on hexose transport in L6 muscle cells.
AB  - It has been proposed that Ca2+ ions mediate the stimulation by insulin of glucose
      uptake in muscle (Clausen, T., Cell Calcium 1:311-325, 1980). However, absolute
      measurements of the concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, during the
      course of insulin action have not been made. The stimulation of hexose uptake by
      insulin was studied in an in vitro model system of muscle cells, the L6 cell
      line. The following evidence suggests that Ca2+ ions are not likely to fulfill
      the purported role. 1) Insulin in Ca2+-free media induced stimulation of 2-deoxy
      D-glucose uptake. 2) Elevation of [Ca2+]i with the ionophore A23187 did not
      enhance hexose uptake. 3) Insulin action was not diminished when the hormone was
      added to Ca2+-depleted cells in Ca2+-free media with A23187. 4) Hexose uptake was
      not affected by a number of agents thought to modify [Ca2+]i including
      epinephrine, caffeine, 2,4-dinitrophenol, hyperosmolar mannitol, salicylate,
      vanadate, veratrine, and trypsin. 5) Direct determinations of [Ca2+]i by
      fluorescence of the novel indicator Quin-2 did not show differences between basal
      and insulin-stimulated cells; under identical conditions hexose uptake was
      stimulated by the hormone. 6) Chelation of [Ca2+]i with Quin-2 in Ca2+-free media
      did not affect the response to insulin. 7) Low concentrations of trypsin (7.5
      micrograms/ml) elevated [Ca2+]i but did not increase the rate of hexose uptake.

PMID- 6433720
TI  - Renal osmotic effect of mannitol in the neonatal and adult dog.
AB  - The renal response to mannitol loading was studied in 21 newborn dogs aged 1-19
      days and in 12 adult dogs. One group of animals (protocol B) underwent distal
      nephron blockade with ethacrynic acid and amiloride prior to and during infusion
      of mannitol to estimate proximal tubule function. The other group of animals
      (protocol A) received mannitol without the diuretics. Mannitol was infused at
      progressively increasing dosages, resulting in progressively increasing mannitol
      excretion rates. For all groups of animals, as mannitol excretion rates
      increased, urine flow and sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion rates
      increased. However, there was no correlation between mannitol excretion and
      bicarbonate excretion. The osmotic effect of mannitol was quantitated from the
      slope of the plot of mannitol excretion vs. sodium excretion (dNa/dMan). In both
      pups and adults dNa/dMan was greater in protocol B (1.47 for pups, 0.70 for
      adults) than in protocol A (0.18 for pups, 0.07 for adults). In addition, in
      protocol B dNa/dMan was greater in the newborn than in the adult and decreased
      logarithmically with age in pups. In protocol B, as mannitol excretion increased,
      the urine-to-plasma sodium ratio declined in adults but did not change in pups.
      Urine-to-plasma osmolality ratio remained at unity throughout the experiment in
      both age groups in protocol B. These results indicate that 1) the osmotic effect
      of mannitol is greater in the immature than in the mature kidney, and 2) the
      greater osmotic effect in the neonatal kidney is related to inability of the
      immature proximal tubule to generate and sustain a transtubular sodium gradient.

PMID- 6433721
TI  - Bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffer system: a determinant of the mitochondrial pH
      gradient.
AB  - The influence of the bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffer system on the pH gradient
      (delta pH) across the inner membrane of mitochondria from rabbit renal cortex was
      studied with and without phosphate in the medium. delta pH with bicarbonate
      buffer or phosphate in the medium was greater at low than at high medium pH so
      that the difference (delta delta pH) between delta pH at pH 7.1 and at 7.6 was
      positive. Varying the concentration of phosphate from 0 to 10 mM had little
      effect on delta delta pH produced by bicarbonate buffer. Inhibition of the
      phosphate-hydroxyl carrier with N-ethylmaleimide abolished delta delta pH when
      phosphate was present in non-bicarbonate-containing media. With bicarbonate
      buffer present, N-ethylmaleimide increased delta delta pH. Similar effects were
      observed in mitochondria from liver and heart as well as from kidney. The effects
      of the bicarbonate buffer system on delta pH may result either from an inner
      membrane permeable to carbon dioxide but not to bicarbonate ion or from an active
      carrier for bicarbonate ion in the inner membrane. In intact kidney cells, the
      influence of the bicarbonate buffer system on delta pH may provide a mechanism
      for regulating substrate metabolism in response to acid-base changes. It may also
      serve in many organs to reduce fluctuations in matrix pH when alterations in
      cytoplasmic pH occur.

PMID- 6433722
TI  - Analysis of the determinants of renal cortical PCO2.
AB  - Recent studies employing Pco2 microelectrodes demonstrated CO2 tensions in the
      renal cortex (60-65 mmHg) that are significantly greater than systemic arterial
      Pco2. Three sources for CO2 generation have been proposed: 1) luminal production
      from H+ and HCO-3,2) addition of HCO-3 to peritubular plasma with disequilibrium
      for H+/HCO-3/CO2, and 3) metabolic CO2 production. None of these mechanisms alone
      can adequately explain the findings. The purpose of this study was to examine
      mechanisms of elevated renal cortical Pco2 generation and maintenance by
      developing a mathematical model for the reaction and transport processes involved
      in proximal tubule HCO-3 reabsorption. Steady-state calculations of pH, Pco2, and
      [HCO-3] for luminal, cellular, and vascular compartments employing simple mass
      balance considerations are presented. Besides exploring the role of metabolic CO2
      production in the genesis and maintenance of elevated renal cortical Pco2, we
      also propose and examine the additional mechanism of diffusive transfer of CO2
      between renal cortical venular and afferent arteriolar capillaries. Our results
      show that the required magnitude of either metabolic CO2 production or diffusive
      CO2 transfer alone is large (3 mmol/liter RBF). However, vascular-vascular
      exchange of CO2 gas in combination with accepted levels of metabolic CO2
      production can adequately explain the findings of an elevated renal cortical Pco2
      of approximately 65 mmHg as measured experimentally in vivo.

PMID- 6433723
TI  - In situ PCO2 in the renal cortex, liver, muscle, and brain of the New Zealand
      white rabbit.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that in situ PCO2 in rat renal cortical structures far
      exceeds systemic arterial PCO2. These results were opposite to previous
      assumptions that renal proximal tubule fluid PCO2 approximated arterial PCO2. The
      present studies examined the species and organ specificity of the elevated PCO2
      in 39 New Zealand White rabbits studied under normal acid-base conditions. In
      situ PCO2 was measured in renal cortex, superficial hepatic parenchyma, skeletal
      muscle, superficial cerebral cortex, and femoral nerve, artery, and vein. The
      results showed rabbit renal cortical PCO2 (57.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg) to be higher than
      both systemic arterial (39.1 +/- 2.0 mmHg) and venous PCO2 (45.4 +/- 2.1 mmHg).
      Similarly, liver PCO2 (64.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg) was found to be significantly higher
      than systemic arterial and venous PCO2 and also higher than portal and hepatic
      vein PCO2. Skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex, and femoral nerve PCO2 levels were
      usually greater than systemic arterial PCO2 but less than systemic venous PCO2.
      These observations show that in situ PCO2 is significantly elevated above
      afferent and efferent blood PCO2 in the kidney and liver but not in muscle or
      brain. A possible explanation for these findings in the former two organs may be
      high CO2 production and/or trapping of CO2 by their vascular systems.

PMID- 6433724
TI  - Effects of metabolized and unmetabolized arachidonate on rat platelet shape
      change.
AB  - Arachidonate (0.12-1.5 mM) initiated a concentration-dependent, saturable shape
      change of rat platelets suspended in citrated plasma. Interaction of arachidonate
      with platelets led to the formation of active metabolites that appeared to be the
      actual inducers of shape change. Among these, prostaglandin endoperoxides rather
      than thromboxane A2 seemed necessary for shape change. No role of the products of
      the lipoxygenase pathway could be shown. In the presence of cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase inhibitors, arachidonate (0.25-0.5 mM) prevented platelet shape
      change induced by the endoperoxide analog U-46619 but not by other agonists such
      as ADP or serotonin. Arachidonate acts therefore as both an agonist and an
      antagonist of platelet shape change. The agonistic effect requires arachidonate
      metabolism while the antagonistic activity seems to be linked to the fatty acid
      molecule itself.

PMID- 6433725
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on coronary blood flow during graded treadmill exercise in
      the dog.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that metabolites of arachidonic acid may
      contribute to the coronary vascular response to physiological increases of
      myocardial O2 consumption that occur during exercise. Studies were performed in
      eight chronically instrumented dogs with electromagnetic flowmeter probes on the
      left circumflex coronary artery and aortic and coronary sinus catheters. Data
      were obtained at rest and during graded treadmill exercise during control
      conditions and after administration of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin.
      During control conditions heart rate, aortic pressure, and coronary blood flow
      increased progressively during exercise; this was accompanied by a significant
      increase in myocardial O2 extraction, as evidenced by a decrease in coronary
      venous O2 tension (Po2) particularly during the first stage of exercise.
      Indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv) resulted in marked blunting of the coronary vasodilator
      response to intracoronary arachidonic acid in anesthetized open-chest dogs. After
      administration of indomethacin to awake dogs, resting heart rate, aortic
      pressure, and coronary venous Po2 were unaltered, and the response of these
      variables to exercise was not changed. The increase in coronary blood flow during
      exercise was also unchanged after indomethacin, so that the relationship between
      myocardial O2 consumption and coronary blood flow was unaltered by cyclooxygenase
      inhibition. Thus we were unable to demonstrate a significant effect of the
      prostaglandin system in mediating the coronary vascular response to exercise.

PMID- 6433726
TI  - Myocardial cell volume and coronary resistance during diminished coronary
      perfusion.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine whether diminished coronary blood
      flow without abrupt reperfusion results in myocardial cell swelling and, if so,
      whether the increment in tissue water is related to an increase in coronary
      vascular resistance. In 19 anesthetized open-chest dogs on right heart bypass
      with controlled coronary perfusion a decrease in coronary flow resulted in an
      increase in intracellular water and a progressive increase in coronary
      resistance. In 15 additional dogs, 180 min of ischemia produced by partially
      occluding the circumflex coronary artery resulted in significant increases in
      myocardial water content and progressive decreases in regional myocardial blood
      flow (microsphere technique). A significant correlation was found between the
      progressive decreases in myocardial flow and the increases in myocardial water (r
      = -0.82, P less than 0.001). In five experiments, hypertonic mannitol prevented
      water accumulation and progressive decreases in blood flow in the ischemic
      tissue. Thus myocardial ischemia produced by a decrease in antegrade coronary
      perfusion results in myocardial cell swelling and an associated progressive
      perfusion deficit.

PMID- 6433727
TI  - Regulation of fetal placental blood flow in the lamb.
AB  - Inflatable occluders were placed on the distal aorta of 11 fetal lambs. After 1
      wk of control measurements, fetal placental blood flow was reduced to about two
      thirds of its control value for an average period of 2 wk. No allowance was made
      for fetal growth. During the period of flow restriction, fetal growth was 2%/day.
      Femoral arterial blood pressure was reduced from a control value of 41 to 27 mmHg
      (P less than 0.001). There was an insignificant increase in carotid arterial
      blood pressure from 48 to 50 mmHg. Placental resistance to flow did not decrease
      more than could be accounted for by the increase in gestational age in the course
      of the experiment. It is concluded that fetal placental blood flow is not under
      feedback control, since neither of the determinants of flow (i.e., driving
      pressure and resistance) responded to its chronic reduction.

PMID- 6433728
TI  - Long-term cannulation model for blood sampling and intragastric infusion in the
      rat.
AB  - An improved methodology is described for long-term venous and gastric cannulation
      in the rat. The long-term efficacy of the cannulas for blood sampling and
      intragastric infusion of liquid diet was determined in 18 rats. No animals died
      after surgery, and weight gain was normal. During the first 6 wk, blood could be
      drawn repetitively in 94% of the rats, and continuous intragastric infusion of
      diet was maintained in all the animals. For an extended period of 11 wk, success
      rates for blood sampling and dietary infusion were 75 and 100%, respectively.
      Standard hematological, histopathological, and clinical laboratory tests showed
      no abnormal changes. Furthermore, plasma corticosterone levels were consistently
      low (0.5 +/- 0.11 to 1.52 +/- 0.55 micrograms/dl) from the third postoperative
      day throughout a period of 6 wk, indicating that animals were under minimal
      stress.

PMID- 6433729
TI  - Polybrominated biphenyls and fetal mortality in Michigan.
AB  - The contamination of the Michigan food supply by polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
      in the mid-1970s appears to have had little or no impact on fetal mortality.
      Comparison of fetal death rates among residents of Lower Peninsula counties with
      a high percentage of quarantined farms and among residents of Upper Peninsula
      counties with no quarantined farms reveals no important differences in rates or
      trends after the contamination. Since counts of early spontaneous abortions are
      lacking, a complete assessment of the possible impact on reproductive outcome
      cannot be made.

PMID- 6433730
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls: influence on birthweight and gestation.
AB  - Fifty-one infants born to women employed at two capacitor manufacturing
      facilities with a history of high exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
      had a mean birthweight of 153 grams less than that of 337 infants born to women
      who had worked in low-exposure areas (90 per cent confidence interval, -286 to 
      20 g); mean gestational age was 6.6 days shorter in the high-exposure infants (90
      per cent CI, -10.3 to -2.9 days). After adjusting for gestational age, the
      difference in birthweight was markedly reduced, indicating that the observed
      reduction in birthweight was due mainly to shortening of gestational age in the
      high-exposure group.

PMID- 6433731
TI  - Charting the future course for corporate management of health risks.

PMID- 6433732
TI  - Comment on water supply and health in developing countries.

PMID- 6433733
TI  - Connective tissue disease antibodies and pregnancy.

PMID- 6433734
TI  - Role of enterococcus in intraabdominal sepsis.
AB  - Although enterococcus is well recognized as a pathogen in endocarditis, urinary
      tract infections, and biliary sepsis, its role in other forms of intraabdominal
      sepsis remains controversial. Antibiotics that lack activity against enterococcus
      can often be employed successfully in intraabdominal infections, even when
      enterococci are present as part of the polymicrobial flora. Furthermore, the
      enterococcus rarely emerges as a blood borne pathogen in such a setting.
      Breakthrough enterococcal septicemia may occur, however, in the immunodepressed
      host, particularly in the face of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy not specific
      for enterococcus. Like infections with other opportunistic pathogens,
      enterococcal sepsis under these circumstances carries a high mortality. Specific
      antienterococcal drug therapy may be indicated as an adjunct to surgical
      management in selected patients with intraabdominal sepsis.

PMID- 6433735
TI  - [Light and electron microscopy studies of experimental oral tumors. DMBA
      application and wounding].

PMID- 6433736
TI  - [Diet therapy in pregnancy toxicoses].

PMID- 6433737
TI  - [The use of neuroleptanesthesia in adenotonsillectomy in children].
AB  - Two groups of 100 children each who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy
      were anaesthetised by halothane 1% or by a neuroleptic technique (NLA) using
      fentanyl 0.0025 mg/kg and droperidol 0.125 mg/kg as a fixed combination
      (Thalamonal). Both techniques were supplemented with nitrous oxide/oxygen 4/2 l.
      All children were premedicated with atropine 0.015 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.0025 mg/kg
      and droperidol 0.125 mg/kg i.m. Quality of premedication and postoperative
      behaviour and analgesia were assessed by standardised criteria. 93% of the
      patients arrived at the theatre sleeping or detached, 75% showed almost no
      reactions to venipuncture. Heart rate during surgery in both groups increased by
      13%, mean arterial blood pressure in the NLA group increased by 9% and in the
      halothane group dropped by 5%. Postoperatively blood pressure in NLA patients
      returned to normal, while in the halothane group there was a transient rise by
      10%. Protective reflexes and consciousness were restored in the NLA group
      earlier. After halothane, stridor occurred in eight cases upon extubation.
      Postoperative analgesia scores in NLA patients were double those in the halothane
      group. Moderate metabolic acidosis and slight hypercapnia were postoperatively
      present in both groups twice. Modified neuroleptanaesthesia proved equal to
      halothane anaesthesia for ENT surgery. No respiratory depression was seen.
      Advantages like uncomplicated quick recovery and protracted postoperative
      analgesia are opposed by disadvantages like inferior vegetative blockade and
      inferior pharmacokinetics. Close postoperative supervision in a recovery room is
      a prerequisite to using this NLA technique.

PMID- 6433738
TI  - A report on the use of the new Capiox hollow-fibre membrane oxygenator.

PMID- 6433739
TI  - The airway in mucopolysaccharidoses.

PMID- 6433740
TI  - Purification of pepsins and cathepsin D by affinity chromatography on Sepharose
      4B with an immobilized synthetic inhibitor.
AB  - Val-D-Leu-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val-D-Leu, a specific inhibitor of aspartate proteinases of
      the pepsin type, was synthesized. Its bonding to activated 6-aminohexanoic acid
      Sepharose 4B afforded an affinity support suitable for the purification of human,
      porcine, and chicken pepsin, human gastricsin, and bovine cathepsin D. These
      enzymes bind to the support over the pH range 2-5 at 0-1.5 M concentration of
      NaCl. A buffer at pH greater than or equal to 6, low ionic strength, and
      containing 20% dioxane can serve as a general desorption agent. The proteinases
      were isolated from the crude extracts by a single-step procedure in a high degree
      of purity and in yields exceeding 70%; human pepsin, however, was not separated
      from human gastricsin. The support does not show any binding capacity for rat
      plasma renin at pH 7.4 and for some cysteine endopeptidases (cathepsin B, H, and
      L) at pH 3-5. The cathepsin D preparations isolated by affinity chromatography on
      the new support and on pepstatin-Sepharose were of the same degree of purity as
      evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N
      terminal amino acid sequences, and specific activity.

PMID- 6433741
TI  - Optimized assay for mammalian tyrosinase (polyhydroxyl phenyloxidase).
AB  - Tyrosinase is an important enzyme in the formation of pigment throughout the
      animal kingdom and many assays have been described for measuring its activity.
      This paper describes an assay which has been optimized to measure the enzymatic
      activity of mammalian tyrosinase and describes the procedures from which the
      optimum conditions were determined. The preparation and storage of the stock
      reagents required to perform the assay are also described in detail as well as
      some discussion pertaining to the preparation of samples prior to assay.

PMID- 6433742
TI  - Detection of depolymerase isoenzymes after electrophoresis or electrofocusing, or
      in titration curves.
AB  - The cup-plate technique makes it possible to detect enzyme activities after
      diffusion into buffered, substrate-containing agar gels. This technique has been
      used after nondenaturing blotting transfer in order to detect depolymerizing
      enzyme activities once analytical protein separation (e.g., by electrophoresis,
      electrofocusing, or titration curves) has been completed. This rapid and very
      sensitive method was successfully applied to the enzymes polygalacturonate lyase,
      polygalacturonate hydrolase, endoglucanase, and xylan hydrolase. Other possible
      applications are presented.

PMID- 6433743
TI  - Purification of component A of the soluble methane monooxygenase of Methylococcus
      capsulatus (Bath) by high-pressure gel permeation chromatography.
AB  - A major improvement in the purification of the oxygenase protein (component A) of
      the methane monooxygenase has been effected. By employing high-pressure gel
      permeation chromatography several purification steps may be omitted from the
      previously published scheme. Furthermore the yield of the protein is enhanced and
      more importantly the recovered protein displays an increased specific activity,
      unlike that purified by other techniques.

PMID- 6433744
TI  - Quantitative neuroanatomy of the brain of the La Plata dolphin, Pontoporia
      blainvillei.
AB  - The brain of the La Plata dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, was studied with
      methods of quantitative morphology. The volumes and the progression indices of
      the main brain structures were determined and compared with corresponding data of
      other Cetacea, Insectivora and Primates. In Pontoporia, encephalization and
      neocorticalization are clearly greater than in primitive ("basal") Insectivora.
      The indices are in the lower part of the range for simian monkeys. The
      paleocortex is regressive in accordance with the total reduction of the olfactory
      bulb and olfactory tract. In contrast to the situation in primates, the septum,
      schizocortex and archicortex are not progressive in Pontoporia. The striatum and
      cerebellum are strongly progressive, corresponding to the efficiency and
      importance of the motor system in the three-dimensional habitat. The
      diencephalon, mesencephalon and medulla oblongata show considerable progression.
      Obviously, this is correlated with the extensive development of structures of the
      acoustic system. The superficial correspondence of the brains of dolphins and
      primates in relative size and in the degree of gyrencephaly is rather a rough
      morphological convergence than a sign of functional equivalence. It is coupled to
      a strongly divergent development of the various functional systems in the two
      mammalian orders according to their specific evolution.

PMID- 6433745
TI  - Germ cell degeneration in normal and microwave-irradiated rats: potential sperm
      production rates at different developmental steps in spermatogenesis.
AB  - Germ cell degeneration in 14 normal and 14 microwave-irradiated, adult (400-500
      gm), Sprague-Dawley rats was compared by evaluating potential sperm production
      rates at different developmental steps in spermatogenesis. Following 9 days of
      irradiation at 1.3 GHz (6 hours/day at 6.3 mW/gm using 1-mu sec pulsewidth at 600
      pulses/second) or sham treatment, rats were killed at 6.5, 13.0, 26.0, or 52.0
      days following treatment. Testes were perfused with 2% glutaraldehyde, embedded
      in Epon, and sectioned at 0.5 micron for morphometric analyses. Plasma LH and FSH
      concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay from blood collected on the
      day of death. Considering nuclear size, percentage of nuclei in the parenchyma,
      and life span of different cells, potential daily sperm production was determined
      for type B spermatogonia, preleptotene or pachytene primary spermatocytes, or
      spermatids with round nuclei. No differences (P greater than .05) in parameters
      tested were found among time periods following irradiation. With the possible
      exception of sperm production per testis (P less than .05) based on pachytene
      spermatocytes, microwave irradiation had no effect on the parameters evaluated.
      No degeneration was detected in spermatogenesis when potential sperm production
      rates were determined either from type B spermatogonia to spermatids or from type
      B spermatogonia to a posttesticular approximation of sperm production rate. Thus,
      it appears that regulation of sperm production rates must take place during
      spermatogonial mitoses, since once the number of type B spermatogonia is
      determined, there is essentially no subsequent alteration in sperm production
      potential in normal or irradiated adult rats.

PMID- 6433746
TI  - Androgens in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion in men: effects of
      administration of dihydrotestosterone to eugonadal and agonadal subjects and of
      spironolactone to eugonadal subjects.
AB  - To study the role of androgens in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin
      secretion, we measured the effects of administration of dihydrotestosterone
      undecanoate (DHTU) and of spironolactone. Basal and LRH stimulated LH/FSH levels
      were determined in: Six eugonadal men, before and after six weeks' DHTU 120
      mg/day. Six agonadal subjects after 12 weeks' DHTU 120 mg/day. The results of B
      were compared to those of Six agonadal subjects without sex steroid treatment.
      Six eugonadal subjects were studied before and after six weeks' administration of
      spironolactone. In the two groups of eugonadal subjects, administration of either
      dihydrotestosterone or spironolactone had no effect on basal and LRH-stimulated
      gonadotropin levels. A clear but modest suppression was observed in agonadal
      subjects. Possibly DHT exerts some suppressive effect on gonadotropin secretion
      in the absence of other testicular products (estradiol, testosterone, inhibin),
      known to play a role in the negative feedback regulation. From these data it
      seems unlikely that in the eugonadal male circulating DHT has an important role
      in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 6433747
TI  - Restoration and maintenance of spermatogenesis by HCG therapy in patients with
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal damage.
AB  - Both gonadotropins are necessary to induce spermatogenesis in man and to recover
      hypophysectomized males. The patients who suffer from tumoral or traumatic
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal lesion use to have low endogenous gonadotropins (opposite
      to hypophysectomized patients), which can produce a minor involution of
      spermatogenesis. Three patients with postpubertal hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
      and oligozoospermia were studied. Two of them were operated on for chromophobous
      adenoma of pituitary, and the other patient had traumatic hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      lesion. The three patients were treated with 5000 IU HCG/week, associated with
      testosterone enanthate, in two cases and with bromocryptine in the remaining one.
      All the patients had normalized spermiogram, but when HCG was interrupted, the
      sperm count regressed to pretreatment levels in spite of the maintenance of
      treatment with testosterone or bromocryptine. Minimal amounts of FSH together the
      testosterone supplied by Leydig cell under the HCG stimulus, are able to recover
      and maintain the spermatogenesis in these patients.

PMID- 6433748
TI  - Halothane diminishes changes in cardiac fiber action potential duration induced
      by hypocarbia and hypercarbia.
AB  - Both halothane (HAL) and acid-base changes produce cardiac arrhythmias in humans.
      The authors' aim was to determine if HAL alters the effects of hypercapnic
      acidosis and hypocapnic alkalosis on action potential (AP) properties of
      ventricular muscle fibers. They superfused the paced right ventricle of 15 guinea
      pig hearts with non-HCO3- buffered salt solution and recorded transmembrane APs
      with 3 M KCl microelectrodes in 35 subendocardial cells. Random changes in the
      fractions of HAL were made during low (12% CO2 in O2), normal (5% CO2 in O2), and
      high (0% CO2 in O2) pH. Compared with controls at pH 7.44, AP duration (APD) and
      effective refractory period (ERP) significantly decreased by 7 and 4% at pH 8.08
      and increased by 7 and 9% at pH 7.09. At pH 7.44, 0.7-2.1% HAL produced no change
      in APD; but 2.1% increased ERP, while 3.5% HAL decreased ERP. At pH 8.08, the
      decrease in ERP induced with alkalosis alone was converted to an increase with
      1.4 and 2.1% HAL. At pH 7.09, 0.7-1.4% HAL had no additional effect on the
      acidosis-induced increases in APD and ERP, but 2.1 and 2.8% HAL greatly reduced
      these responses. At HAL fractions greater than 1.4% the marked inverse changes in
      APD and ERP, induced alone by acidosis and alkalosis, were no longer
      significantly different from control. This study shows that the opposing effects
      of alkalosis to shorten and of acidosis to lengthen APD and ERP were attenuated
      at low levels and abolished at high levels of HAL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6433749
TI  - Evaluation of a system for on-line analysis of VO2 and VCO2 for clinical
      applicability.
AB  - The authors evaluated the accuracy of a system to measure respiratory gas
      exchange on an on-line basis by comparing it with a gas collection method. The
      system incorporates a hot-wire flowmeter, a mass spectrometer, and a
      microcomputer. It performs on-line compensation for both transport delay and
      dynamic response of the mass spectrometer. Compensation of flow measurement for
      changing gas fractions also is performed. Excellent linear correlations were
      obtained between the two methods: 1) in animals during mechanical ventilation
      with room air (VO2:r = 0.995; VCO2:r = 0.993), and nitrous oxide in oxygen (VO2:r
      = 0.975; VCO2:r = 0.976); and 2) in men spontaneously breathing room air at
      different workloads (VO2:r = 0.999; VCO2:r = 0.998), and higher inspired oxygen
      fractions (FIO2 0.38 to 0.75) (VO2:r = 0.910; VCO2:r = 0.988). The authors
      consider that the system is suited for accurate and continuous measurement of
      respiratory gas exchange during mechanical ventilation, anesthesia, and exercise
      testing.

PMID- 6433750
TI  - Optimization of the radioimmunoassays for measuring fentanyl and alfentanil in
      human serum.
AB  - Measurement of serum fentanyl and alfentanil concentrations by radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) may result in significant errors and high variability when the technique
      described in the available fentanyl and alfentanil RIA kits is used. The authors
      found a 29-94% overestimation of measured fentanyl and alfentanil serum levels
      when 3H-fentanyl or 3H-alfentanil was added lastly to the mixture of antiserum
      and sample. This finding is related to a reduction in binding sites for the
      labeled compounds after preincubation of sample and antiserum. If this sequence
      is used, it becomes necessary to extend the incubation period up to 6 h for
      fentanyl and up to 10 h for alfentanil in order to achieve equilibration between
      unlabeled and labeled drug with respect to antiserum binding. However, when
      antiserum is added lastly to the mixture of sample and labeled drug, measurement
      accuracy and precision for fentanyl and alfentanil serum concentrations are
      enhanced markedly. In addition, it is important to perform the calibration curves
      and sample measurements using the same medium (i.e., serum alone or a
      serum/buffer dilution). In summary, to optimize the RIA for fentanyl and
      alfentanil, the authors recommend the following: 1) adding the antiserum lastly
      to the mixture of sample and labeled drug; 2) performing calibration curves using
      patient's blank serum when possible; 3) carefully examining and standardizing
      each step of the RIA procedure to reduce variability, and, finally; 4) comparing
      results with those of other established RIA laboratories.

PMID- 6433751
TI  - Coronary artery spasms after coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 6433752
TI  - Physical-chemical compatibility of cromolyn sodium nebulizer solution-
      bronchodilator inhalant solution admixtures.
AB  - Cromolyn sodium nebulizer solution, 1%, is physically and chemically compatible
      (stable) for up to 60 minutes when mixed in vitro with metaproterenol,
      isoproterenol, isoetharine, epinephrine, terbutaline, and acetylcysteine inhalant
      solutions, respectively. Similarly, cromolyn does not adversely affect the
      stability of the individual bronchodilator/mucolytic drugs in the admixtures.
      Adding a bronchodilator/mucolytic agent to a cromolyn nebulizer solution should
      not negatively influence the in vivo efficacy or safety of either active
      ingredient.

PMID- 6433753
TI  - [Blood prealbumin: comparison of 2 methods of assay and correlation with the
      retinol binding protein].
AB  - Prealbumin was determined by radial immunodiffusion and laser immunonephelometry
      methods in serum or plasma from 86 adult subjects. Both methods were reliable in
      physiologic prealbumin range but immunonephelometry only was reliable for lower
      levels. Physiologic prealbumin level was 346 +/- 67 mg/l in adult males and 319
      +/- 48 mg/l in adult females; no difference was noted for retinol binding protein
      (60 +/- 14 mg/l). When prealbumin and retinol binding protein levels were low, no
      close correlation was noted in their variations.

PMID- 6433754
TI  - [Metabolic acidosis in children and newborn infants. Treatment with buffers].

PMID- 6433755
TI  - Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico: data gathering
      and survey results.
AB  - Data for path analysis on the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis were gathered
      from 184 premises in Mexicali Valley, Mexico, that had dairy cattle, swine,
      and/or goats. Each farmer manager or owner was interviewed, using a pretested set
      of questions, and the livestock on the premises were serotested for Brucella
      antibodies. The focus in gathering these data was to identify the characteristics
      of premises with seropositive cattle in comparison with characteristics of
      premises with no seropositive cattle.

PMID- 6433756
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune responses in cattle and sheep inoculated with
      Sarcocystis.
AB  - Cattle inoculated with Sarcocystis bovicanis (= Sarcocystis cruzi) and sheep
      inoculated with Sarcocystis ovicanis were monitored for the appearance of
      Sarcocystis-specific antibodies and lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation.
      Anti-Sarcocystis antibody was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
      whereas antigen-reactive lymphocytes were discerned by an in vitro lymphocyte
      blastogenic assay. The antigens used were the soluble fraction recovered from
      disrupted bradyzoites of mature sarcocysts. Cattle developed anti-Sarcocystis
      immunoglobulin (Ig)M responses, beginning 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation, and
      IgG1 antibody responses, beginning 5 to 6 weeks after inoculation. The increase
      in IgM antibody was relatively brief, returning to near preinfection levels in 2
      to 3 months. In contrast, IgG1 antibody levels remained high for at least 5 to 6
      months. Neither IgG2 nor IgA antibody responses were demonstrable in cattle. In
      sheep, the IgG antibody levels followed a time course similar to that seen in
      cattle, except that the increase was slightly delayed (6 to 8 weeks after
      inoculation was done). Measurable IgM antibody response was not seen in sheep.
      Cellular immunoresponsiveness as judged by in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis in
      cattle was different from that in sheep. Sarcocystis-specific lymphocytes were
      demonstrable in the circulation of cattle within 15 days after they were
      inoculated, but the activity decreased rapidly. In sheep, reactive cells were not
      evident until 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation were done, but peripheral blood
      lymphocytes taken from these sheep as long as 5 to 6 weeks after the inoculations
      remained capable of mounting strong blastogenic responses. Neither the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay nor the blastogenic assay showed species specificity.
      Animals immunized with a given species of Sarcocystis gave similar in vitro
      responses to antigens from the immunizing species and to other species of
      Sarcocystis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433757
TI  - Identification and characterization of neutrophil chemotactic activity in aspirin
      induced asthma.
AB  - In order to determine if mast cell mediators are released during aspirin
      challenge in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics, we measured neutrophil chemotactic
      activity, which has been shown to be an indicator of mast cell degranulation.
      Four aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects were given doses of aspirin (60 to 325
      mg) previously determined to cause a 20 to 30% fall in forced expiratory volume
      in one second (FEV1); pulmonary function was followed by serial spirograms and
      body plethysmography. Serum was obtained before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and
      240 min after challenge, corresponding to the times of pulmonary function
      measurements. Neutrophil chemotactic activity was measured using a modified
      Boyden chamber assay. Maximal bronchoconstriction occurred 60 to 120 min after
      aspirin ingestion. An increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity of 300 to 600%
      over baseline was detected in all subjects. In 3 subjects, neutrophil chemotactic
      activity release paralleled bronchoconstriction, and in 1 subject, it followed
      onset of bronchoconstriction. Physicochemical analysis showed that the neutrophil
      chemotactic activity eluted in the void volume of a Sephadex G-200 column
      (greater than or equal to 250,000 daltons) and from Sephadex QAE anion exchange
      chromatography in a region corresponding to 0.2 to 0.3 M NaCl. Its isoelectric
      point was in the pH range 6.5 to 7.5. These characteristics are compatible with
      neutrophil chemotactic factor of mast cell origin. Pretreatment with sodium
      cromolyn (40 mg) completely eliminated neutrophil chemotactic factor release, but
      only partially suppressed the fall in FEV1 in 2 subjects and had no effect on
      FEV1 fall in a third.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433758
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon cutaneum.
AB  - We isolated Trichosporon cutaneum from the houses of patients with
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis and investigated its possible role as an etiologic
      agent in 21 cases of the disease. A high titer of anti-T. cutaneum antibody was
      observed in serum samples from 20 (95.2%) of the 21 patients, but only a low
      titer was found in less than 9% of the control serum samples. Anti-Cryptococcus
      neoformans antibody was also observed in the patients' serum samples, but it
      appeared, in most samples, to be a cross-reaction to T. cutaneum antigen. This
      was because the anti-C. neoformans antibody was completely absorbed with T.
      cutaneum, but the anti-T. cutaneum antibody was only partly absorbed with C.
      neoformans. Besides, no C. neoformans was isolated from the patients'
      environment. A bronchoprovocation test with T. cutaneum was done on one patient,
      with a positive result. We also found T. cutaneum in bird droppings containing
      nutrients for this organism. To our knowledge, this is the first report on
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by T. cutaneum.

PMID- 6433759
TI  - Definition and clinical relevance of antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein and
      other nuclear antigens in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
AB  - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were studied in 122 patients with cryptogenic
      fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) and compared with age- and sex-matched control
      subjects. Fluorescent ANA were detected in 32% of the patients and showed a
      correlation with the presence of a systemic connective tissue disease; ANA were
      present in 6% of the control subjects, 21% of the patients with CFA alone, and
      46% of those with CFA and an associated connective tissue disease. Antibodies to
      the defined nuclear antigens: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein (nRNP), the Sm antigen, and Sjogren's syndrome A and B antigens
      (SS-A and SS-B) were examined to establish whether their presence was diagnostic
      of the associated diseases. Antibodies to DNA and Sm antigens identified 3
      patients with CFA and systemic lupus erythematosus. The frequency of antibodies
      to SS-A and SS-B did not differ from that in control subjects. Antibodies to
      nRNP, detected in 15 (12%) of the patients (at a high titer in 5), were
      associated with females, the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, and rheumatoid
      factor in the serum. However, despite the detection of these antibodies, none of
      these patients met fully the proposed criteria for the diagnosis of mixed
      connective tissue disease.

PMID- 6433760
TI  - Pulmonary bacterial clearance and alveolar macrophage function in septic shock
      lung.
AB  - The association between the pulmonary bacterial clearance and the development of
      septic shock lung has been demonstrated in porcine and canine experimental
      models. In order to elucidate the role of the pulmonary reticuloendothelial
      system in bacterial clearance, the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM)
      obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage were studied. Five piglets were infused
      intravenously with Pseudomonas aeruginosa labeled with tritiated thymidine at 3
      to 6 X 10(8) CFU/kg/min. Septic shock and manifestations like those of the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome developed within 1 h, and the pigs died within 2 to
      3 h. Pulmonary bacterial clearance was 93% initially, and progressively decreased
      to 29%, as Pao2 decreased and lung water increased. The number of bacteria in the
      serial lung biopsy specimens increased steadily, although the distribution was
      not homogeneous. Differential centrifugations, repeated washings, and
      scintillation countings of the lavage fluid showed that in vivo AM phagocytosis
      was nil, despite the abundant bacteria found in the lavage fluid. However, when
      these AM were washed and tested in vitro in the presence of optimal
      concentrations of opsonin and oxygen, their phagocytic capability was well
      preserved, and was not significantly different from that of prebacterial infusion
      baseline values. It is concluded that in the septic shock lung, the lung clears
      bacteria not primarily by AM uptake but by other mechanisms, such as mechanical
      leakage into the pulmonary space, or by pulmonary intravascular leukocyte uptake.
      The apparent AM dysfunction in vivo is not intrinsic, and is likely to be caused
      by microenvironmental factors, such as lack of adequate opsonin and oxygen.

PMID- 6433762
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood: analysis of 4 cases].
AB  - A critical retrospective evaluation of four cases of xanthogranulomatous
      pyelonephritis (XPG) treated between 1966 and 1980. Incidence was 1.93%. Age
      range was from 1.5 and 24 months. Interval since first symptoms to diagnosis was
      between one and 14 months. Clinical presentation was nonspecific in two and
      urinary symptoms in the rest, abdominal mass present in all, the fourth had an
      onset similar to an acute leucosis. There were was a grossly dilated pelvis and
      calices in two patients and nonfunctioning kidney in the others, one with
      multiple calculi. Ureteral stenosis was present in two and three showed a
      vesiureteral reflux grade IV. Urinculture yielded E. coli and Proteus mirabilis.
      In all cases diagnosis was confirmed by macro and microscopic examination.
      Nephrectomy was effectively cure in all four children. All patients are well at
      the end of follow-up, between one and four years.

PMID- 6433761
TI  - Pathogenesis of the granulomatous lung diseases.

PMID- 6433763
TI  - [Generalized GM1 gangliosidosis. Report of a case and review of the literature].
AB  - Authors present the case of a child, daughter of non related parents with
      neurologic progressive affectation, retina and visceral implication with certain
      pseudogargolic clinical aspect without near familiar antecedents suggestive of
      this disease. Biochemistry and histologic studies revealed a B-galactosidase
      enzyme deficiency and lipidic intracellular increase in different viscera.
      Biochemistry, hystological and clinical aspects exposed are fundamentally
      differential of another causes of pseudo-Hurler syndrome.

PMID- 6433764
TI  - Ethanol intoxication complicating intravenous nitroglycerin therapy.

PMID- 6433765
TI  - Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy after intravenous infusion of high-dose
      nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6433766
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition and human insulin.

PMID- 6433767
TI  - [Evaluation of 6 years of CO2 laser microsurgery in laryngology].
AB  - Laryngeal microsurgery has been performed using a CO2 laser since 1978. It is
      essential to conduct a strict phoniatric pre-operative examination and to ensure
      correct anesthesia. Results after 735 operations underline the advantages of this
      technique for the treatment of benign laryngeal lesions (diffuse papillomatosis,
      sessile polyps, granuloma), in phonosurgery (nodules, bundle edema, corditis) and
      in the repermeabilization of the laryngeal network (paralysis, stenosis,
      laryngeal edema).

PMID- 6433768
TI  - Have chemical tests a role in diagnosing malabsorption?

PMID- 6433769
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and effects of glibenclamide in two formulations, HB 419 and HB
      420, in type 2 diabetes.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and effects of glibenclamide in two formulations, the
      established formulation, HB 419 (5 mg) and the new micronized formulation, HB 420
      (3.5 mg) were compared after once daily administration of each to eight type 2
      diabetics in a double blind crossover trial. On the second day of administration
      of each formulation, blood glucose and serum C-peptide, insulin and glibenclamide
      concentrations (radioimmunoassays) were measured for eight hours after tablet
      ingestion. Although the amount of glibenclamide per tablet of HB 420 was lower
      than the amount of glibenclamide per tablet of HB 419, serum concentrations of
      drug were higher after HB 420 than after HB 419, and were also less variable
      between individuals. However, there were no corresponding differences in serum C
      peptide and insulin levels, or in blood glucose levels. Thus intestinal
      absorption of glibenclamide appeared to be greater and less variable from HB 420
      than from HB 419 but both formulations apparently produced drug concentrations in
      the serum well above that needed for maximum therapeutic response in the patients
      studied.

PMID- 6433770
TI  - A double-blind comparison of two glibenclamide preparations, HB 419 and HB 420,
      in maturity-onset (type 2) diabetic patients.
AB  - A double-blind cross-over study was performed to compare the efficacy in maturity
      onset (type 2) diabetes of two glibenclamide preparations, HB 419, currently in
      general use, and HB 420, a new product with more complete absorption. Nineteen
      diabetic outpatients participated in the study. Seventeen completed the trial.
      Before the trial, fasting blood glucose levels in all patients were over 7.0
      mmol/l, relative body weights were below 130% and daily glibenclamide doses
      ranged from 10 to 15 mg. The study was made up of two periods, each lasting for
      two months. The trial dosage of HB 419 was 5 mg twice a day and of HB 420 3.5 mg
      twice a day. Fasting blood glucose levels, diurnal glucose excretion,
      glycohaemoglobin A1 (GHbA1) levels, body weight and blood pressure levels were
      determined. The mean (+/- SEM) fasting blood glucose concentration was 11.5 +/-
      0.6 mmol/l at the end of the baseline period. After one month of treatment, the
      mean fasting blood glucose level was 11.4 +/- 0.6 mmol/l in patients on HB 419
      and 12.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/l in patients on HB 420 (p less than 0.01) but at the end
      of the two treatment periods the mean fasting blood glucose value was the same
      (11.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) for both glibenclamide preparations. No significant
      differences were found in GHbA1 values, diurnal glucose excretion, body weight or
      blood pressure levels between the treatment regimens.

PMID- 6433771
TI  - Effect of methods of platelet resuspension on stored platelets.
AB  - Platelets are prepared from whole blood by differential centrifugation. Following
      their isolation as a platelet button, platelets are allowed to rest for a short
      period in the residual plasma before resuspension. In this study, the feasibility
      of resuspending platelets without this rest period is studied. A total of 35
      platelet concentrates (PC) were prepared from blood collected in CPDA-1 and
      resuspended by one of the following four methods: (1) no resting period, PC
      placed on a rotator immediately after preparation, (2) a 1.5 hour rest period and
      gentle shaking prior to rotation, (3) no rest period and immediate gentle shaking
      prior to rotation, and (4) a 1.5 hour resting phase and no shaking prior to
      rotation. Following the previous processing, all platelet concentrates were
      stored for 72 hours on an elliptical platelet rotator at 20 to 24 degrees C to
      provide continuous agitation. A number of in vitro tests were used as indicators
      of platelet viability during storage. These included platelet morphology, pO2,
      pCO2, pH, osmotic recovery, number of platelets in the concentrate, and platelet
      volume distribution. Our findings demonstrate that platelets are of similar
      quality after storage in all of the four groups described. Our studies suggest
      that the resting phase is unnecessary for platelet preparation. The elimination
      of the resting phase would allow platelet concentrates to be available sooner and
      improve cost-effectiveness of platelet preparation.

PMID- 6433772
TI  - The effect of the physicochemical state of factor VIII on its interaction with
      human antibodies.
AB  - To assess the effect of the physicochemical state of factor VIII on its
      interaction with human antibodies, this interaction was examined using buffer
      conditions which would insure dissociation of the factor VIII complex. Anti
      factor VIII titers were increased 2 to 2.5 fold under such conditions. When
      isolated factor VIII procoagulant material was used as the antigen source, the
      antibody titers were increased but no difference was noted in the presence or
      absence of the high ionic strength buffers. These studies indicate that factor
      VIII-related antigen in some manner retards the interaction of the procoagulant
      portion of factor VIII with human antibodies and may explain the peculiar time
      dependence of factor VIII inactivation by these antibodies.

PMID- 6433773
TI  - Role of T lymphocytes in the resistance and immunopathology of experimental
      Chagas' disease. I. Histopathological studies.
AB  - The results reported here show that Trypanosoma cruzi can parasitize almost all
      tissues of mice; however, the T-dependent immune response controls parasite
      invasion, leading undesirable immunopathological effects. Inflammatory infiltrate
      was rare in heart or skeletal muscle and other organs of Nu/Nu, but was abundant
      in tissues of Nu/+ mice. Cellular inflammatory lesions could be induced in Nude
      mice by the transfer of lymph node cells from Nu/+ animals infected with T.
      cruzi.

PMID- 6433774
TI  - Effect of oral administration of a variety of bacteria on depressed macrophage
      functions in tumour-bearing rats.
AB  - In consideration of the well documented influence of normal microbial flora on
      the level of activation of macrophages, we evaluated the effects of oral
      administration of bacteria on rats with depressed macrophage functions. An oral,
      killed polyvalent vaccine (Diplococcus pneumoniae types I, II and III,
      Streptococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae),
      the live lyophilized Streptococcus faecium and spores of Bacillus subtilis,
      respectively, were administered orally to immuno-depressed rats. Results
      demonstrate the restoration of phagocytosis, intracellular killing and the
      chemotactic activity of macrophages. These experimental observations suggest that
      bacterial flora associated with mucosae can influence the level of activation of
      peritoneal macrophages.

PMID- 6433775
TI  - Ionophore A23-187 induces responses to TCGF in mouse lymphocytes.
AB  - The process of activation of T lymphocytes by ionophoric substances was analysed
      according to current concepts of T-lymphocyte activation. Proliferation induced
      by the ionophore A23-187 was found to be strictly dependent on the exogenous
      availability of growth factors. Lack of production of growth factors in spleen
      cell cultures containing the ionophore A23-187 explained the failure to directly
      stimulate mouse T-lymphocyte proliferation. It was concluded that the main action
      of A23-187 is the induction of expression of growth receptors, and that the
      increase in Ca++ uptake is, in itself, not sufficient to induce mitotic events.

PMID- 6433776
TI  - Ir genes: that other question.

PMID- 6433777
TI  - The interactions between antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T lymphocytes.

PMID- 6433778
TI  - H-2 and non-H-2 Ir genes.

PMID- 6433779
TI  - 2nd Forum in Immunology: "Ir genes." Discussion.

PMID- 6433780
TI  - The conundrum of immune response: two Ia loci specifically control multiple
      immune responses.

PMID- 6433781
TI  - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus following metrizamide myelography.
AB  - Epileptic seizures are a known complication of metrizamide myelography. To our
      knowledge, this is the first report of a case of nonconvulsive status epilepticus
      of the absence type following metrizamide myelography. There was symptomatic and
      electroencephalographic improvement after intravenous administration of
      antiepileptic drugs, and there was no neurological residual. Nonconvulsive status
      epilepticus should be considered when impairment of consciousness supervenes
      after radiographic procedures using metrizamide.

PMID- 6433782
TI  - Suicide substrates, mechanism-based enzyme inactivators: recent developments.

PMID- 6433783
TI  - Cell-surface glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 6433784
TI  - [Growth of test microorganisms used in determining antibiotic activity on
      synthetic nutrient media].
AB  - The growth of gram-negative sporulating bacteria and yeast-like fungi used in a
      microbilogical assay of antibiotic activity was studied on solid synthetic media
      of simple composition. Their reproduction with the microbial growth of different
      density was shown to be possible on media containing available and strictly
      standardized components, such as salts, glucose and disubstituted sodium
      phosphate. The cultures tested were not similar by their growth requirements.

PMID- 6433785
TI  - [Determination of beta-lactamase types of clinical strains of bacteria using a
      modified microiodometric method].
AB  - The substrate profiles and sensitivity to dicloxacillin inhibition were studied
      in the enzymes of the clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the
      transconjugants of E. coli carrying the plasmids discovered earlier in P.
      aeruginosa. The study was performed with a modified microiodometric method for
      determination of the activity of beta-lactamases. According to the M. Richmond
      classification of beta-lactamases the enzymes detected in P. aeruginosa strains
      4529, 5290 and 9902 may correspond to the 5th class, the enzymes of P. aeruginosa
      strain 8208 to the 2nd class and the beta-lactamases of the E. coli
      transconjugants to the 3rd class. Two different beta-lactamases were detected in
      P. aeruginosa strain 10294.

PMID- 6433786
TI  - Comparative activities of ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, and tobramycin against
      experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin, an investigational quinoline
      derivative, was compared with those of ticarcillin and tobramycin in guinea pigs
      with experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Guinea pigs challenged with
      tracheal instillations of 10(8) CFU of P. aeruginosa developed acute pneumonia,
      for which survival rates were: controls, 0%; ticarcillin treatment, 37%;
      ciprofloxacin treatment, 57%; and tobramycin treatment, 69%. Intrapulmonary
      killing of P. aeruginosa was greater (P less than 0.05) in animals treated with
      ciprofloxacin or tobramycin than in groups treated with ticarcillin. A more
      chronic, nonfatal form of bronchopneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa was induced
      with agar beads impregnated with bacteria for pulmonary challenge. In this model,
      ciprofloxacin treatment resulted in significantly (P less than 0.001) greater
      intrapulmonary killing than did any other therapy. These data suggest that
      ciprofloxacin may be useful in the treatment of acute and more-chronic forms of
      pulmonary infection caused by P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6433787
TI  - Inoculum effect of new beta-lactam antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The degree of the inoculum effect shown by the new beta-lactam antibiotics with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated, and the antibiotics were divided into
      three groups based upon the observations. The group 1 antibiotics (cefotaxime,
      moxalactam, cefoperazone, azlocillin, piperacillin, and aztreonam) demonstrated a
      large inoculum effect, were poorly bactericidal, produced aberrant, elongated
      bacilli, and did not inhibit the increase in turbidity of high inocula during an
      18-h incubation. The group 2 antibiotics (ceftazidime and ticarcillin) were
      slowly bactericidal, caused minimal formation of aberrant, elongated bacilli, and
      slowly decreased the turbidity of high inocula. The group 3 antibiotics (imipenem
      and gentamicin) were bactericidal, did not cause the formation of elongated
      bacilli, and decreased the turbidity of high inocula rapidly. Data are presented
      which suggest that the inoculum effect seen with the group 1 beta-lactam
      antibiotics is related to (i) the poor intrinsic antibactericidal activity of
      these antibiotics for P. aeruginosa at the inocula tested and (ii) failure of
      these antibiotics to inhibit the formation of aberrant and filamentous bacilli,
      which can result in increased bacterial mass and turbidity.

PMID- 6433788
TI  - Compounds which increase the permeability of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer
      membrane.
AB  - Hydrolysis of the chromogenic beta-lactam nitrocefin by periplasmic beta
      lactamase in intact Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells was used to assess the influence
      of various compounds on the permeability of the P. aeruginosa outer membrane. In
      addition to the five previously described outer membrane-active compounds EDTA,
      polymyxin B, gentamicin, poly-L-lysine, and Tris, seven other compounds were
      shown to increase outer membrane permeability to nitrocefin by 14- to 63-fold.
      These other compounds included poly-L-ornithine, neomycin, cetyltrimethylammonium
      bromide, nitrilotriacetate, L-ascorbate, and acetylsalicylate. In each case, Mg2+
      ions antagonized, to different extents, the enhancement of outer membrane
      permeability. The same compounds increased the permeability of the outer membrane
      to the protein lysozyme and to the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1-N
      phenylnaphthylamine, although L-ascorbate and acetylsalicylate showed only very
      weak enhancement of uptake in these assays. In this report, we discuss the
      possibility that these compounds act at a common outer membrane site at which
      divalent cations noncovalently cross-bridge adjacent lipopolysaccharide
      molecules.

PMID- 6433789
TI  - Mechanisms of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics in eucaryotic protein
      synthesis.
AB  - Tetrahymena thermophila is a eucaryotic organism that is highly susceptible to
      growth inhibition by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Concentrations of paromomycin,
      gentamicin G418, and hygromycin B at 22, 10, and 17 microM, respectively,
      inhibited growth by 50%. A combination of in vitro and in vivo methods was used
      to determine the mechanisms of action of these aminoglycoside antibiotics on
      protein synthesis in T. thermophila. Analysis of polysome profiles from
      paromomycin- and gentamicin G418-treated cells showed clear, progressive
      depletions of polysomes concomitant with an inhibition of in vivo [14C] lysine
      incorporation. In vitro, paromomycin and gentamicin G418, which are disubstituted
      2-deoxystreptamine-containing molecules, were not very effective inhibitors of
      either the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA or the elongation of nascent
      polypeptide chains on polysomes. In contrast, we found that the translocation of
      phe-tRNA on polyuridylate programmed ribosomes was susceptible to inhibition by
      paromomycin. We conclude that the primary inhibitory action of paromomycin and
      gentamicin G418 was at (i) an early stage of elongation after initiation, (ii)
      the initiation stage of translation, or (iii) a stage of translation before
      initiation. Hygromycin B, which is a monosubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine
      containing aminoglycoside, potently inhibited the elongation of nascent chains
      during the translation of polysomes. In addition, the in vitro translation of
      polysomes from two hygromycin B-resistant mutants was resistant to the inhibition
      of elongation caused by hygromycin B.

PMID- 6433790
TI  - DRG Update.

PMID- 6433791
TI  - Tyrosine decarboxylase. Spectrophotometric assay and application in determining
      pyridoxal-5'-phosphate.
AB  - We have developed a highly sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric assay for
      tyrosine decarboxylase that can be applied to determining pyridoxal-5'-phosphate.
      In the assay, tyramine, a product of tyrosine decarboxylation, reacts with 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to give a product soluble in toluene whereas
      tyrosine does not. We determined the amount of tyramine produced enzymatically by
      reading the absorbance at 340 nm of a toluene extract of the reaction mixture.
      This method is capable of detecting as low as 2.9 micrograms/mL of the enzyme.
      Using this method, we find the Km for tyrosine decarboxylase from Streptococcus
      faecalis to be 3.55 X 10(-4)M. We have also developed a specific and extremely
      sensitive method for determining pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, a cofactor of the
      enzyme, by using this spectrophotometric assay with apotyrosine decarboxylase.

PMID- 6433792
TI  - Penicillin fermentation in a 200-liter tower fermentor using cells confined to
      microbeads.
AB  - The scale-up of the penicillin fermentation through cell confinement in a 200-L
      tower fermentor is described. P. chrysogenum spores were adsorbed into Celite
      microbeads having diameters greater than 180 microns. Fed-batch fermentations
      were performed using both free and confined cells. Cell growth and penicillin
      concentrations were measured during the fermentation. In addition, the oxygen
      transfer rate, the aeration rate, and the level of dissolved oxygen were also
      measured. Significant improvement in the mass transfer coefficient was found when
      the cells were anchored onto the microbeads. This improved oxygen transfer rate
      was accompanied by higher production of penicillin at a lower aeration rate.
      Besides the improved oxygen transfer rate into the mycelial broth, a reduction of
      the energy input for the oxygen transfer was observed. The confinement of the
      cells to this microcarrier furthermore allowed the intermittent harvesting of
      fermentation broth without reducing the cell mass in the fermentor.

PMID- 6433793
TI  - Conformational studies of soluble and immobilized frog epidermis tyrosinase by
      fluorescence.
AB  - Fluorescence spectra and soluble quenching of intrinsic protein fluorescence were
      used as indexes of conformational changes suffered by frog epidermis tyrosinase.
      The activation process and the immobilization of the enzyme involving either free
      amino groups or its carbohydrate moiety were studied. The conformational changes
      resulting from denaturation of each one of the protein derivatives, as well as
      the effect of active center copper extraction, were followed by fluorescence
      studies. The results showed that: both activation and immobilization were
      accompanied by conformational changes of the protein leading to more unfolded
      states; neither enzyme nor immobilized enzyme were fully unfolded upon
      denaturation although enzymic activity was lost; the enzyme immobilized through
      its carbohydrate moiety was more unfolded upon denaturation than the enzyme
      immobilized through amino groups, thus pointing to a higher conformational
      stabilization in the last situation; and that tryptophyl residues moved to a
      localization near the active site upon activation.

PMID- 6433794
TI  - Proline transport increases growth efficiency in salt-stressed Streptomyces
      griseus.
AB  - Streptomyces griseus synthesizes proline for osmoregulation under salt stress.
      Uptake of exogenous [14C]proline and internal synthesis of proline were
      quantified in cells growing at salt concentrations from 0 to 1 M NaCl. Externally
      supplied proline accounted for an increased proportion of the intracellular pool
      of free proline as salt concentration was increased, but neither the
      concentration nor the composition of the internal amino acid pool was
      substantially altered by supply of exogenous proline. Uptake of exogenous proline
      significantly increased the specific growth yield of S. griseus growing under
      salt stress; the increased yield was proportional to reductions in proline
      synthesis.

PMID- 6433795
TI  - Rapidly growing rumen methanogenic organism that synthesizes coenzyme M and has a
      high affinity for formate.
AB  - Methanogenic bacteria with a coccobacillus morphology similar to
      Methanobrevibacter ruminantium were isolated from the bovine rumen. One isolate,
      10-16B, represented a previously undescribed rumen population that, unlike M.
      ruminantium, synthesized coenzyme M, grew rapidly (mu = 0.24 h-1) on H2-CO2 in a
      complex medium, had simple nutritional requirements, and metabolized formate at
      reported rumen concentrations. H2 was metabolized to partial pressures 10-fold
      lower than those reported for the rumen. After H2 starvation for 26 h, strain 10
      16B rapidly resumed growth when H2 was made available. The minimum concentrations
      of acetate (6 mM) and ammonia (less than 7 mM) that were required for optimal
      growth were lower than the reported acetate and ammonia concentrations in the
      rumen. Isoleucine and leucine stimulated growth, but only at concentrations
      (greater than 50 microM) higher than those reported for the rumen. Another
      coccobacillary methanogenic organism that synthesized coenzyme M was isolated
      from a different animal as were organisms that required an exogenous supply of
      coenzyme M. In general, methanogenic bacteria that required an exogenous supply
      of coenzyme M had lower maximum growth rates and more complex nutritional
      requirements than organisms that synthesized the cofactor. The ability of all
      isolates to metabolize formate below the detection limit of 10 microM indicated
      that, in contrast to previous reports, methanogenic bacteria have the potential
      to directly metabolize formate in the rumen. This study demonstrated that there
      are physiologically diverse populations of coccobacillary methanogenic bacteria
      in the rumen that can interact competitively and cooperatively.

PMID- 6433796
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of intrathecal chemotherapy and clinical problems].
AB  - The Central Nervous System has often been classified as a "drug sanctuary" as
      most anticancer drugs do not achieve effective penetration of the blood-brain
      barrier. With more effective systemic chemotherapy programs (especially in acute
      leukemia in children), the incidence of meningeal tumor involvement has
      increased. Even though a number of systemically administered agents might be used
      in treating the CNS, only three have been used intrathecally with good clinical
      results: the antimetabolites methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)
      and the alkylating derivative thiophosphoramide (thio-TEPA). Drug distribution in
      the CSF which is injected by lumbar puncture does not generally allow for
      delivery of effective quantities of drug to the cisternae nor the ventricles.
      Thus direct intraventricular injection via a subcutaneously implanted (Ommaya)
      reservoir is necessary to achieve adequate drug levels in the higher CNS
      cavities. The peak ventricular concentration of MTX, which was administered by
      Ommaya reservoir, at a dose of 15mg/m2, was 2.5 +/- 0.9 X 10(-4)M, and remained
      as a level of 10(-6)M for 72 hours with a half-life of 10.5 hours. During an
      intravenous 6 hour-infusion at a dose of 750-3,000mg/m2, MTX concentration in CSF
      reached 8.2 X 10(-7)M to 2.7 X 10(-6)M. The drug content in CSF had a linear
      concentration related to the drug level in plasma. Intrathecal MTX and Ara-C
      frequently cause symptoms of meningeal irritation. Occasionally cases of weakness
      and paralysis and rare instances of severe encephalopathy may occur. The best
      established causes of these symptoms is high concentration of these drugs in the
      CSF, or prolonged exposure of the brain to low CSF concentration.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433797
TI  - [Intraabdominal administration of MMC adsorbed on activated carbon for management
      of carcinomatous peritonitis].
AB  - When Mitomycin C, adsorbed on to activated carbon particles (MMC-CH) was
      administered intraperitoneally, it was absorbed well by the omentum and
      peritoneum, and eventually by the lymphatic system. MMC-CH yielded high drug
      concentrations in intraabdominal tissues and exhibited remarkably low levels in
      extra-abdominal tissues and peripheral blood. We conducted clinical trials with
      MMC-CH in 26 patients with carcinomatous peritonitis. High MMC concentrations
      persisted in ascites, while drug concentrations were extremely low in peripheral
      blood. Eighteen of the 26 patients studied responded well to MMC-CH and were able
      to tolerate about 5 times the conventional dose of MMC. Serious adverse effects
      were not observed, despite the administration of such a large dose.

PMID- 6433798
TI  - [Increased cytotoxic effects of various anticancer drugs by alpha-interferon
      (HLBI) on human tumor xenografts in nude mice].
AB  - Since interferon (IFN) has a mechanism of action very different from
      chemotherapeutic agents, it is possible that a combination of two may be of
      therapeutic value. The authors studied increased cytotoxic effects of anticancer
      drugs by IFN on human tumors xenografts in nude mice. Tumor used in this study
      were "SH-10", "S-7379" (gastric cancer) and "O-7294" (malignant melanoma),
      serially transplanted subcutaneously. IFN was injected, 5 X 10(5) mu/mouse, every
      day for 2 weeks and a single drug was administered 3 times every fourth day.
      Cytotoxic effect was determined by tumor size on day 16 after treatment. Of the 7
      drugs, MMC and ADM were most effective. Other drugs showed a slight inhibition of
      tumor growth by combination therapy with drugs and IFN.

PMID- 6433799
TI  - [Study on the concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in serum, lymph nodes and tissues
      after administration of FT-207 suppositories].
AB  - In 21 cancer patients receiving administration of FT-207 suppositories, we
      studied the concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in the blood before surgery, and in
      the blood and tissues-tumor, normal and lymph node-sampled during surgery. These
      21 cases were comprised of 12 cases of stomach cancer, 1 case of lymphosarcoma, 4
      cases of rectal cancer, 2 cases of sigmoid cancer and 2 cases of breast cancer.
      Two hours after administration, the concentration of 5-FU reached its highest
      level and continued to maintain a level at which it could be expected to bring
      about clinical results even after four hours. The concentration of 5-FU in tumors
      and lymph nodes was high, especially in tumors compared with normal tissue (p
      less than 0.01). No difference could be found in the concentrations of FT-207 and
      5-FU in serum and tissues from each 12 cases of stomach cancer, not only between
      of the early cancer and advanced cancer but also between patients more than 60
      years old and those under 60 years old. No side-effects occurred in any case
      during suppository administration.

PMID- 6433800
TI  - [Anti-tumor effects of adriamycin, 4'-Epi-adriamycin, THP-adriamycin and
      mitoxantrone on rat mammary cancer induced by 7,12-dimethyl benz (A) anthracene].
AB  - Comparative studies of the anti-tumor effects of Adriamycin, 4'-Epi-Adriamycin,
      THP-Adriamycin and Mitoxantrone on rat mammary cancer induced by 7, 12-DMBA were
      performed. All 4 drugs were effective on the tumors, three administrations of
      Adriamycin, 4'-Epi-Adriamycin or Mitoxantrone at 1-week intervals showed
      remarkable tumor regression in each group. Mitoxantrone was not so effective in
      comparison with the other 3 drugs. Decrease in the body weight of the rats was
      most remarkably observed in the Mitoxantrone-treated group.

PMID- 6433801
TI  - [A case of recurrent breast cancer responding to long-term administration of
      tamoxifen].
AB  - A 44-year-old premenopausal woman with metastatic breast cancer to the bones was
      treated with tamoxifen and tegafur followed by a minimal dose of tamoxifen alone,
      with complete response for more than 90 months. Initially, tamoxifen was given
      with a dose of 20 mg daily in combination with 600 mg daily of tegafur for 22
      months, a remission of low back pain and recalcification of the lytic lesion in
      the pelvis. After reduction of tamoxifen dose to 10 mg/daily and withdrawal of
      tegafur, regression of the disease continued for another 68+ months. Bone
      metastasis completely disappeared, and the patient is still in remission. No
      significant side effects from tamoxifen were encountered. Tamoxifen appears to be
      a useful and safe treatment for recurrent breast cancer.

PMID- 6433802
TI  - [UFT].

PMID- 6433803
TI  - [Thermotherapy for cancer of the urinary bladder in combination with tegafur and
      picibanil--with special reference to the serum bladder and bladder cancer tissue
      concentrations of tegafur in a perfusion fluid].
AB  - Thermotherapy combined with Tegafur and Picibanil was performed in 32 patients
      with cancer of the urinary bladder. The thermotherapy was performed with a closed
      circulation type of thermotherapeutic apparatus manufactured for trial, using a 3
      way catheter. The flow quantity of the perfusate was 150 ml/min at a constant
      temperature of 43 degrees C. The temperature was monitored at the inlet and
      outlet catheter at the urethral meatus. The thermotherapy was performed for 6
      hours once a week. Tegafur and Picibanil were added to the perfusate at the time
      of thermotherapy. No anesthesia was used. Complete disappearance of tumor
      occurred in 9 cases. The concentration of Tegafur in the serum, tumor and bladder
      wall was simultaneously measured. The serum levels after two hours of
      thermotherapy with 16 gm of dissolved Tegafur showed that FT-207 was 28.837
      mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.028 mcg/ml. After 4 hours the FT-207 was 36.464 mcg/ml and 5
      FU, 0.040 mcg/ml. By the 6th hour FT-207 was 39.430 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.049
      mcg/ml. After 24 hours FT-207 was 11.242 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.013 mcg/ml in the
      serum, while FT-207 was 8.205 mcg/g and 5-FU, 0.274 mcg/g in the bladder tumor,
      and FT-207 was 17.029 mcg/g and 5-FU, 0.157 mcg/g in the bladder wall. Nausea was
      observed in 1 case in which a large quantity of Tegafur was absorbed. No other
      side effects were noted.

PMID- 6433804
TI  - [Clinical trials of plasma exchange therapy in patients with recurrent colon
      cancer].
AB  - Plasma exchange was performed in patients with recurrent colon cancer with
      evaluable liver metastasis or abdominal tumor with dissemination. This therapy
      was undertaken a total of 19 times in 11 cases. The cases were divided into
      effective and ineffective cases according in terms of the clinical effects, and
      changes in blood parameters and prognosis were examined in each case. Subjective
      symptoms, such as increase in appetite and disappearance of general fatigue or
      pain, were remarkably improved in 6 cases, and these patients were allowed to be
      discharged from the hospital. Marked regression of hepatomegalia was observed in
      2 cases out of these 6 cases, but no remarkable effect was noted in patients with
      abdominal dissemination. In the effective cases the following parameters were
      significantly improved; beta- and gamma-globulin of serum protein fractions, IgG,
      IgA and IgM of immunoglobulin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, and
      transferrin. However, since these effects are temporal and short-lived, one must
      consider applying plasma exchange therapy in conjunction with anticancer drugs,
      and the like. Plasma exchange seems applicable to cases of colon cancer with
      metastasis in the liver, because this therapy showed improvement in clinical
      symptoms, decreased hepatomegaly and prolonged survival.

PMID- 6433805
TI  - [A randomized trial of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur (ACF) and
      adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ftorafur, methotrexate (ACFM) in patients with
      advanced breast cancer].
AB  - A prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare the clinical responses of
      sixty patients with advanced breast cancer to a combination of adriamycin,
      cyclophosphamide and oral ftorafur (ACF), or to a combination of ACF plus
      methotrexate (ACFM). The response rate was 12/28 (43%) for ACF compared with
      18/30 (60%) for ACFM. Responses were seen more frequently in the cases which had
      less than 2 organs involved and responses of dominant metastatic sites were equal
      for the two arms. The duration of response for ACF was 21+ (3.5-49.5+) months as
      compared to 6.9 (1.9-30.8) months for ACFM (p less than 0.05). The median
      survival time from the start of chemotherapy for ACF was 20.8+ months, while that
      for ACFM was 13+ months. The major non-hematological toxicities were hair loss
      and GI symptoms. Hematological toxicity was similar in the two arms and
      manageable. No serious cardiac, renal and liver damage was seen in either arm.
      The response rate for ACFM was higher than that in ACF, but the addition of
      methotrexate to the ACF regimen did not increase complete response and prolong
      response duration.

PMID- 6433806
TI  - [Influence of PSK on the metabolism of FT-207].
AB  - The influence of PSK on the metabolism of FT-207 was studied in patients with
      gastric cancer. The 5-FU concentration in the blood was determined 15 min, 30
      min, 1 hour and 3 hours after intravenous injection of FT-207, 400mg. The blood
      level of 5-FU remained constant in 86% of patients after administration of PSK
      for 7 days, but decreased in 14% of patients. After administration of PSK for 8
      to 14 months, no change in the blood level of 5-FU was detected. These results
      suggest that PSK has no distinct influence on the activation of FT-207.

PMID- 6433807
TI  - [Antitumor effect of FU-O-G, new antitumor agent, following long term
      administration].
AB  - FU-O-G, the O-glucuronide methylester of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is a compound
      with a unique chemical structure. It is an antitumor agent of the prodrug type
      which exerts its activity by enzymatically liberating 5-FU in tumor tissues. It
      has been reported that the antitumor activity of this compound is superior to
      those of 5-FU and Tegafur (FT-207) in the treatment of various transplantable
      tumors. In this study, long-term administration of FU-O-G to mice bearing
      relatively slow-growing tumors such as Lewis lung carcinoma, mammary tumor FM3 A
      and hepatoma MH-134 was carried out. Consequently, FU-O-G was shown to be
      remarkably effective against those tumors, whereas 5-FU and FT-207 were hardly
      effective. Long-term daily administration was shown to be more effective than
      intermittent dosage in the treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma. In combination
      therapies of FU-O-G with other antitumor drugs, FU-O-G exhibited a synergistic
      effect against Lewis lung carcinoma when combined with Carboquone (CQ) or
      Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU).

PMID- 6433808
TI  - [A randomized study on the long-term adjuvant chemotherapy with ftorafur and
      mitomycin C for gastric cancer: the second study (III)].
AB  - The Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer
      adopted, as a second cooperative study, a prospective randomized trial on three
      groups: MMC alone, Ftorafur alone, and a combination of MMC and Ftorafur. The
      number of patients subjected to this analysis was 3033. The usefulness of long
      term adjuvant chemotherapy was studied, based on a follow-up period of 4 years
      after surgery. No definite differences were observed in general. However,
      classified by prognostic factors, both the survival and disease free rates were
      improved in patients with stage III, n (+) ps (+) advanced cancer, to whom
      Ftorafur alone was administered for a long-term period. In patients who underwent
      of curative resection, the long-term administration of Ftorafur alone tended to
      prevent recurrence postoperatively, especially within the first two postoperative
      years. However the survival and disease free rates in the group receiving
      Ftorafur combined with MMC were higher than those of the group receiving Ftorafur
      alone. Moreover the combination of MMC and Ftorafur prolonged survival even in
      patients who did not undergo curative resection, and was found to be particularly
      useful in such patients, as designated by more than two prognostic factors.

PMID- 6433809
TI  - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in two sisters with galactosaemia.
AB  - Two sisters with transferase deficiency galactosaemia presented with
      hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. In the younger girl galactosaemia was documented
      first at 9 months of age, although she had never been exposed to exogenous
      galactose in utero or after birth.

PMID- 6433810
TI  - Effect of theophylline on the transport of tyrosine in cultured B-16 mouse
      melanoma cells.
AB  - The effect of theophylline, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, on tyrosine (Tyr)
      transport across cell membrane was studied using cultured B-16 mouse melanoma
      cells. 1.5 mM Theophylline in culture medium increased Tyr uptake velocity in
      linear fashion up to 36 h, after which it reached a plateau at which the cells
      showed about a 60% increase in Tyr transport velocity. This increase was
      independent of extracellular Na, essentially unaffected by cell density, and
      partially inhibited by concomitantly added cycloheximide. These results suggested
      that biosynthesis of macromolecules, probably acting as System L transporter, was
      induced by theophylline treatment.

PMID- 6433811
TI  - An immunoperoxidase study of S-100 protein, lysozyme and NCA protein distribution
      in histiocytosis X and allied disorders.

PMID- 6433812
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent production of chemotactic arachidonate metabolites
      from human neutrophils.

PMID- 6433813
TI  - [Renal pseudotumor caused by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a girl].

PMID- 6433814
TI  - Epidemiological study of HLA and GM in rheumatoid arthritis and related symptoms
      in an open Dutch population.
AB  - This report deals with the question of whether or not the established association
      of HLA-DR4 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can also be detected in cases of RA as
      diagnosed in a population survey. For this purpose 6584 persons older than 19
      years living in a single community in The Netherlands were investigated for the
      presence of rheumatoid arthritis and related abnormalities. After five years 83
      patients with RA, 30 with only erosive abnormalities on radiological examination
      (Rad), and 48 with only rheumatoid factor (RF) were reinvestigated and typed for
      HLA and allotypes of immunoglobulin G heavy chain (GM). On the classification of
      the initial survey no significant association of HLA-DR4 or GM could be detected
      in any of the three categories. When the information of the follow-up
      investigation was taken into account, a reappraisal of the classification
      resulted in 53 cases with RA, 18 with Rad only, and 35 with RF only. The
      frequencies of HLA-DR4 and GM in the three categories were also about the same as
      those in normal controls. However, an increase in the frequency of HLA-DR4 was
      observed in cases of RA positive for Rad, RF, or both. We found no evidence for
      an interaction between HLA-DR4 and GM. Our results suggest that rheumatoid
      arthritis is a heterogeneous disorder, only a fraction of which is associated
      with HLA-DR4. At present no single determinant of RA such as Rad or RF can
      characterise the HLA-DR4-associated, and most probably more severe, type of RA.

PMID- 6433815
TI  - Leishmaniasis in Greece II. Isolation and identification of the parasite causing
      cutaneous leishmaniasis in man.
AB  - The serological and biochemical identity of four Greek leishmanial strains
      isolated from cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis was determined. All four strains
      were identical and shown to be Leishmania tropica (formerly L. t. minor). The
      cases are described; two came from the Greek mainland and two from Greek islands,
      one of the latter being a case of leishmaniasis recidivans. The significance of
      the results is discussed, in particular the co-existence in Greece of strains of
      L. tropica and L. donovani infantum.

PMID- 6433816
TI  - Occurrence of rickettsia-like symbionts among species of the Aedes scutellaris
      group (Diptera:Culicidae).
AB  - Rickettsia-like organisms were seen by electron microscopy in the oocytes and
      nurse cells of Aedes hebrideus and A. scutellaris scutellaris and in the oocytes
      of A. pseudoscutellaris, a Samoan stock of A. polynesiensis and in three Fijian
      stocks of A. polynesiensis. None were found in the ovaries of A. alcasidi, A. s.
      katherinensis, A. cooki nor in a second stock of Samoan A. polynesiensis. It is
      suggested that the distribution of rickettsia-like symbionts among species of the
      A. scutellaris group conflicts in some cases with the hypothesis that these
      organisms are responsible for cytoplasmic incompatibility in the group.

PMID- 6433817
TI  - The development of Theileria annulata in the salivary glands of the vector tick
      Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.
AB  - The development at 28 degrees C of Theileria annulata (Hissar) in the salivary
      glands of its tick vector, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, was studied using
      Giemsa-stained smears, methyl green-pyronin-stained preparations of whole glands,
      and electron microscopy. Nymphs which had engorged on T. annulata-infected calves
      showed kinetes in the haemolymph from Day 7 to Day 14 post engorgement, when all
      ticks had completed moult. Intracellular sporonts were observed within salivary
      gland acini from Day 7 onwards and these developed by rapid nuclear division and
      cytoplasmic proliferation to form primary sporoblasts. Further development was
      stimulated by feeding on a rabbit or by incubation at 36 degrees C. The primary
      sporoblasts appeared to become organized into membrane-bound subunits. Within 48
      hours of attachment to the host, or 72 hours of 36 degrees C incubation, these
      units dissociated to form secondary sporoblasts. The final phase of development
      resulted in the progressive formation of discrete, uninuclear sporozoites within
      these secondary sporoblasts. No morphological differences were observed in
      parasite maturation between the fed and incubated groups although development was
      retarded by at least 24 hours in the latter. In the incubated group there was
      also a marked decrease in the degree of synchrony of development which resulted
      in fewer sporozoites being present at any one time.

PMID- 6433818
TI  - Passage of host serum components, including antibodies specific for Theileria
      sergenti, across the digestive tract of argasid and ixodid ticks.

PMID- 6433819
TI  - Long-term survival following diverticulectomy for cancer in pharyngoesophageal
      (Zenker's) diverticulum.
AB  - The incidence of cancer in a pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) diverticulum was 0.4%
      among 1,249 patients treated for such diverticula at the Mayo Clinic in a 53-year
      period. Twenty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma arising in a
      pharyngoesophageal diverticulum have been reported by others. However, most of
      the patients died of the malignancy within 2 years of treatment, and there were
      no long-term survivors. We describe 2 long-term survivors who were without
      evidence of tumor or diverticulum recurrence 4 1/4 and 8 years after one-stage
      pharyngoesophageal diverticulectomy. Review of the literature revealed that most
      patients with cancer in pharyngoesophageal diverticulum should be managed in a
      manner similar to that for patients with ordinary cervical esophageal malignancy.
      However, our data suggest that when the tumor is well localized without full
      thickness penetration, nodal metastasis, or extension to the line of resection
      (as in the 2 patients discussed), diverticulectomy alone can provide satisfactory
      control of cancer with minimal therapeutic risk.

PMID- 6433820
TI  - Endocrine profile in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with Klinefelter's Syndrome, aged 19-38 years were divided
      according to the basal testosterone (T) levels into sub-eugonadal (less than or
      equal to 3 ng/ml) and eugonadal (greater than 3ng/ml) groups. The pretreatment T
      level was 3.21 +/- 1.59 ng/ml. The LH and FSH levels, 14.54 +/- 6.68 mIU/ml and
      21.51 +/- 10.74 mIU/ml respectively, were above the upper eugonadal range. Short
      term hCG treatment stimulated T production significantly and a further increase
      was observed following long-term hCG treatment. In patients with sub-eugonadal
      levels of basal T, a greater relative increment of the T level was observed
      following the hCG stimulation but not in the absolute T increase. Thus, the
      assumption that in Klinefelter's patients, the low basal T levels and the
      relative refractoriness to hCG stimulation are secondary to chronic exposure to
      elevated LH levels, could not be supported. Higher FSH levels were associated
      with elevated plasma T levels (p less than 0.025). No such association was
      established with the LH.

PMID- 6433821
TI  - Effect of cryopreservation on the nuclear chromatin decondensation ability of
      human spermatozoa.
AB  - The possible effect of cryopreservation on human sperm chromatin decondensation
      ability has been investigated. Comparisons of the actions of the decondensation
      inducing agent 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate + 6 mM EDTA were made on 30
      ejaculates between spermatozoa in seminal plasma, spermatozoa in semen diluted
      with cryoprotective medium (CPM) and spermatozoa frozen and thawed in the semen
      CPM mixture. The results, analyzed as paired series, showed no significant
      differences between the spermatozoa under the three treatment conditions. Thus,
      spermatozoa cryopreserved by a method routinely used for semen storage for
      subsequent artificial insemination showed a nuclear stability equivalent to that
      of fresh semen. The CPM by itself had no effect upon chromatin instability. No
      correlation was found between the percentage recovery of post-thaw motility (an
      usual index for judging semen cryopreservation) and the tests of chromatin
      decondensation.

PMID- 6433822
TI  - Serum inhibin levels after administration of hCG.
AB  - Administration of hCG to normal healthy men caused 40 fold increase in
      circulating levels of inhibin at 24 hr. FSH levels decreased between 72-120 hr of
      hCG injection. Although, testosterone levels were maintained at higher levels
      during hCG therapy for more than 10 days, inhibin and FSH levels returned back to
      pretreatment levels, indicating involvement of hCG in the regulation of
      circulating levels of inhibin.

PMID- 6433823
TI  - Role of thyroid in testicular development of immature rat.
AB  - Prepubertal spermatogenic cells in immature rats show pronounced dependency on
      thyroid hormone. In thyroidectomized immature male rats widespread regression of
      these cells were observed. These changes could be prevented by administration of
      small doses of thyroxine. In unthyroidectomized immature rats, thyroxine in the
      same dosage, caused an increased degree of growth and development of testicular
      tissues as compared to control.

PMID- 6433824
TI  - Direct and indirect actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the rat isolated vas
      deferens.
AB  - The contractile effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the rat isolated vas deferens
      was analyzed. In tissues from reserpine-pretreated animals 5-hydroxytryptamine (1
      X 10(-6) M-3 X 10(-4) M) induced effects which were much lower than those induced
      in tissues from normal animals; the effects of low and medium concentrations of 5
      hydroxytryptamine were antagonized by methysergide, those of medium and high
      concentrations were inhibited by phentolamine. In tissues from normal animals 5
      hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions were compared with those induced by
      noradrenaline. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was less potent than noradrenaline and
      exhibited tachyphylaxis when the time interval between two successive exposures
      was too short. Phentolamine and dihydroergocristine reduced the effects of 5
      hydroxytryptamine at concentrations lower than those necessary to antagonize
      noradrenaline-induced effects. Methysergide only reduced the effects of lower
      concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Cross-protection experiments showed that
      when noradrenaline was added before dibenamine, responses to both 5
      hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline were maintained to a very similar degree,
      while when 5-hydroxytryptamine was used as a protecting agent only a small degree
      of protection was found both towards noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine
      induced effects. Cocaine potentiated the effects of low concentrations of 5
      hydroxytryptamine while inhibiting those of high concentrations. The present
      study provides direct and indirect evidences that the contractile effect of 5
      hydroxytryptamine on the rat vas deferens is prevailingly due to the release of
      noradrenaline; in the lower part of the concentration-response curve also direct
      effects are involved which are mediated by an interaction with both
      tryptaminergic "D" receptors and alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 6433825
TI  - A study on the influence of ketamine on systemic and regional haemodynamics in
      conscious rabbits.
AB  - Effects of ketamine hydrochloride (2, 6 and 18 mg X kg-1, i.v.) were investigated
      on systemic and regional haemodynamics using a radioactive microsphere method in
      conscious rabbits. Ketamine decreased respiratory frequency in a dose-dependent
      manner for up to 5 min. A significant fall in the mean arterial blood pressure
      (with the two highest doses), together with a short lasting tachycardia, was
      observed with ketamine. The cardiac output and blood flow to many tissues were
      not changed by this anaesthetic agent. However, increased blood flow was noticed
      in discrete regions of the brain (cerebral hemispheres) and heart (left
      ventricular endocardium). Vasodilation in the cerebral hemispheres with this
      agent producing dissociative anaesthesia is in contrast to the generally observed
      decrease in cerebral blood flow with other anaesthetic agents.

PMID- 6433826
TI  - Electrical alternans. An association with coronary artery spasm.
AB  - A patient's condition was unique for having both QRS- and ST-segment alternans.
      The close association between ST-segment alternans and ischemic episodes is
      reproducible in an animal experimental study. Although such phenomena are usually
      associated with extensive myocardial disease, the postulated mechanism is far
      from perfected. It is more than likely that no single hypothesis will explain all
      types of phasic cardiac electrical phenomena.

PMID- 6433827
TI  - Nonsedative regimens in the treatment of epilepsy.
AB  - Trends in the diagnosis of epilepsy have continued to focus on the fundamental
      cause of the seizures, as well as the seizure type. It is the latter that
      determines symptomatic therapy. New drugs have improved the lives of many
      epileptic patients, and emphasis on nonsedative medications, both new and old, is
      now possible and desirable in most patients. Finally, new and better drugs are
      needed for the many severely affected epileptic patients who are not helped by
      the currently available antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 6433828
TI  - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6433829
TI  - Estimation of a physiologic replacement dose of levothyroxine in elderly patients
      with hypothyroidism.
AB  - We gave graded doses of levothyroxine sodium to 11 elderly hypothyroid subjects
      (mean age, 66.1 years). The daily levothyroxine sodium dose was initially 75
      micrograms or less, and was increased by 25 micrograms every six weeks. Serum
      total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, and basal thyrotropin levels were
      measured at the start of the study and at the end of each six-week dose period. A
      protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) test was performed when the
      thyrotropin level returned to normal. Mean daily levothyroxine sodium doses that
      normalized serum thyrotropin levels and protirelin test were 110 +/- 8 micrograms
      and 113 +/- 9 micrograms, respectively. Serial basal thyrotropin determinations
      during stepwise increments in levothyroxine dose indicated physiologic hormone
      replacement. As determined in our elderly patients, levothyroxine replacement
      dose was a third less than that formerly recommended.

PMID- 6433830
TI  - Potential impact of newer health care legislation on the character and quality of
      cardiovascular care. Is the profession at risk?

PMID- 6433831
TI  - [Nutritional rehabilitation and evaluation of the nutritional state. Validity of
      anthropometric measures for following, in hospitalized patients, the course of
      nutritional status and of body compartments during nutritional recovery].
AB  - A population suffering from a serious form of malnutrition was examined. The
      effectiveness of nutritional rehabilitation is demonstrated by the statistically
      significant changes observed in clinical and laboratory indicators. Several
      anthropometric measurements related to nutritional status are also compared with
      total body potassium (TBK) in patients with a positive nitrogen balance during
      the process of nutritional rehabilitation. It is concluded that weight (W), arm
      circumference (AC), middle arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and skinfold thickness
      (ST) measures are useful, and sufficiently accurate and precise to follow the
      evolution of nutritional status and body compartments.

PMID- 6433832
TI  - [Social cost effectiveness of 2 systems of treatment of malnourished children, in
      Chile].
AB  - Two approaches in the care of malnourished children were evaluated in order to
      ascertain both their medical and economical effectiveness. One was a group of 745
      children under an ambulatory nutritional rehabilitation program that included
      health care, supplementary foods and nutrition education; a second group of 420
      children attended Day Care Centers (8 hours a day and five days per week) where
      they received a balanced diet, psychomotor stimulation according to age, and
      health care. The evolution of nutritional status was followed up and plotted
      against the NCHS/WHO weight-for-height tables. The rate of recovery was
      unsatisfactory; below 50% in mild cases of malnutrition, and even less in the
      more severe cases. The average length of time for attaining normality was longer
      for moderate malnutrition and for the ambulatory program. When the calculation
      included a correction for the probability of recovery for each system, the
      advantage of the Day Care Centers became even more evident: the mean length of
      time for recovery was 33.2% less than the ambulatory program. The social cost per
      child, per day, was substantially lower in the ambulatory program. The integral
      calculus of social cost per child, per day, and the corrected mean time for
      recovery provided the social cost-effectiveness of nutritional recovery. This
      figure was clearly adventageous for the ambulatory program for all ages and
      degrees of malnutrition, exception made for moderately malnourished children
      below two years of age. In this case, the Day Care Centers appeared to be the
      most effective therapeutic alternative. This type of analysis is a contribution
      to the evaluation of medico-social programs for the recuperation of malnutrition.
      The advantage lies in the fact that it allows an optimization in the allocation
      of resources, when the previous step is the choice of best therapeutic
      alternative based upon the patient's age and nutritional status.

PMID- 6433833
TI  - [Nutritional impact of supplemented food in relation to the duration and severity
      of infectious episodes].
AB  - The nutritional impact of three different programs of supplementary feeding
      implemented with children aged 6-24 months, was examined in relation to the
      duration and the severity of infectious diseases. After a 2-month intervention,
      statistically significant changes in weight for length were found in two of the
      groups (those supplemented with rice and beans, and those supplemented with rice
      cereal enriched with oil). No significant changes in weight for length were found
      in the other groups (those supplemented with banana cereal and the control
      group), nor were statistically significant changes found in any of the four
      groups in relation to weight for age, nor length for age. No statistically
      significant changes were found on the incidence, duration, and severity of
      infectious diseases. As a result of these findings it can be postulated that
      despite a high frequency of infectious episodes, often severe and of long
      duration, supplementary feeding on the early part of life can be effective when
      there is a high risk of malnutrition.

PMID- 6433834
TI  - [Triple valve replacement. Evaluation of 90 surgically treated patients].
AB  - Ninety patients, aged 17 to 59 years (average 39.8 yrs) underwent triple valve
      replacement from January 1967 to December 1979. The aetiology was rheumatic
      carditis in 84% of cases. There had been previous surgery in 29 cases (19 mitral
      commissurotomies). All patients were severely symptomatic: 68 (76%) had atrial
      fibrillation and the cardiothoracic ratio was 0.70 +/- 0.085. In 24 cases, triple
      valve stenosis (aortic, mitral and tricuspid) was observed; 13 patients had
      triple regurgitation and 53 patients had mixed lesions (stenosis and
      regurgitation). Triple mechanical valve prostheses were implanted in 35 cases
      (Bjork or Starr), triple bioprostheses were implanted in 12 cases, and 43
      patients received a combination of mechanical and bioprostheses (tricuspid
      bioprostheses in all 43 cases). The patients were divided into two groups
      according to the type of valve replacement; Group I: 57 patients, subdivided into
      Group IA (35 cases, 39%) with triple mechanical prosthesis, and Group IB (22
      cases, 25%) with mechanical aortic and mitral valve prostheses and tricuspid
      bioprostheses; Group II, 33 patients, subdivided into Group IIA (12 patients,
      13%) with triple bioprostheses, and Group IIB (21 patients, 23%) with mitral and
      tricuspid bioprostheses and a mechanical aortic valve prosthesis. Techniques of
      myocardial protection have have improved since the beginning of this series and
      at present comprise cardioplegia associated with general hypothermia to 25
      degrees C and pericardial irrigation with ice cold saline. The overall operative
      mortality was 37% (34/90) but in 1979 alone it was only 10%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433835
TI  - [Long-duration electrocardiographic recording in 33 patients with obstructive
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - A prospective study of arrhythmias was performed in 33 patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy with obstruction by Holter monitoring. The aim of the study was to
      assess the incidence of "occult" arrhythmias in this condition and to establish a
      "profile" of high risk patients from clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic
      data. The Holter monitoring demonstrated asymptomatic arrhythmias in 31 of the 33
      patients (94%). A supraventricular arrhythmia was detected in 15 cases (45%),
      including 7 episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (21%). Ventricular
      arrhythmias were observed in 28 patients (85%), including 5 episodes of
      ventricular tachycardia (15%). Some patients presented several types of
      arrhythmia. A number of patients with arrhythmia including short bursts of
      ventricular tachycardia were asymptomatic during Holter monitoring; conversely,
      other patients complained of dizziness or syncope but had no arrhythmias. A
      retrospective study of clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic data showed
      no difference between patients with and patients without arrhythmias. Medium-dose
      betablocker therapy (propranolol, 110 mg/day) did not seem to protect patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction from arrhythmias. We conclude
      that Holter monitoring should form part of the routine evaluation of patients
      with cardiomyopathy with obstruction, and that potentially dangerous arrhythmias
      should be treated by anti-arrhythmic agents other than betablockers. This
      attitude could reduce the incidence of syncope and eventually decrease the risk
      of sudden death in this condition.

PMID- 6433836
TI  - [Captopril in cardiac insufficiency. Immediate and long-term effects].
AB  - Captopril was administered to 23 patients in cardiac failure refractory to
      digitalo-diuretic therapy. Four patients had a large fall in systolic blood
      pressure (less than 70 mmHg) with a single dose of 25 mg of captopril. In the
      other 19 patients a significant fall in mean pulmonary capillary pressure (16,8
      +/- 6,1 mmHg vs 27,2 +/- 8,5 mmHg, p less than 0,001), mean pulmonary artery
      pressure (26,3 +/- 11,3 mmHg vs 38,3 +/- 12,4 mmHg, p less than 0,001), mean
      right atrial pressure (5 +/- 5 mmHg vs 8 +/- 6 mmHg, p less than 0,01) was
      observed: there was a moderate fall in mean systemic arterial pressure (13%, p
      less than 0,001). There was a significant fall in pulmonary resistance (27%, p
      less than 0,001). The cardiac index increased (2,8 +/- 0,5 l/min/m2, p less than
      0,001) and systemic resistance fell by 25% (p less than 0,001). The heart rate
      decreased by an average of 7 beats/min (p less than 0,02). The treatment was
      stopped in one patient because of the inefficacy of captopril at 100 mg per dose.
      The average daily dose in the 18 patients on long-term treatment was 212,5 +/-
      106,8 mg. At the second month, the haemodynamic parameters were remeasured before
      the morning dose of captopril. The effects observed after the single dose were
      maintained apart from the systemic blood pressure, heart rate and systemic
      resistances which had returned to the value observed before administration of
      captopril. The mean pulmonary capillary pressure was significantly lower than
      before treatment but was higher than after the single dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433837
TI  - [Energy cost of postextrasystolic potentiation in man].
AB  - The energetic costs of post-extrasystolic potentiation (PEP) were assessed by
      evaluating left ventricular function and coronary blood flow in 16 patients with
      different forms of cardiac disease during cardiac catheterisation under basal
      conditions and sustained coupled right ventricular pacing. The coronary blood
      flow was measured by thermodilution techniques with sampling in the aorta and
      coronary sinus to measure O2 concentration, glucose, and plasma lactate and
      catecholamine levels. Parameters of LV function were calculated from data
      obtained from biplane left cineventriculography. During PEP, the ejection
      fraction increased from 0.48 +/- 0.8 to 0.62 +/- 0.22, the mean velocity of
      circumferential fibre shortening from 0.79 +/- 0.37 to 1.12 +/- 0.45 circ/s (p
      less than 0.001) and systolic work from 97 +/- 46 to 139 +/- 67 g/m2 (p less than
      0.05). Coronary blood flow increased from 176 +/- 60 to 305 +/- 155 ml/min;
      myocardial oxygen consumption per potentialized beat rose from 0.15 +/- 0.07 to
      0.50 +/- 0.33 ml/beat (p less than 0.001) whilst cardiac efficiency fell from
      19.1 +/- 8 to 9.2 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001). PEP was associated with increased
      myocardial noradrenaline secretion (-3.1 +/- 31.5 ng/min under basal conditions
      to 30.2 +/- 42.8 ng/min, p less than 0.05). Therefore, the inotropic effect of
      PEP imposes a high metabolic demand and is associated with increased myocardial
      noradrenaline secretion.

PMID- 6433838
TI  - [Course of ventricular arrhythmias following myocardial infarction. Results of a
      2-year follow-up].
AB  - The incidence, evolution and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias
      after myocardial infarctions were studied over a 2 year period in 144 patients
      (108 men, 36 women: mean age 64 +/- 2 years) by Holter monitoring on the 20th
      day, 6th month (104 recordings), 12th month (94 recordings), 18th month (76
      recordings) and 24th month (82 recordings). A total of 500 recordings was
      obtained, 471 of which were of good enough quality to be interpreted. On the 20th
      day, the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias was independent of the site of
      myocardial infarction: they were classified as follows (Lown and Wolff grading):
      no ventricular arrhythmias (34 patients); moderate (Grade I) arrhythmias (73
      patients, 50%); severe ventricular arrhythmias (Grades 2, 3, 4, 5) (37 patients,
      26%). Fourty-seven patients underwent all 5 Holter recordings, the evolution of
      the arrhythmias could therefore be followed in detail. Despite considerable
      individual variation, the overall evolution indicated a clear aggravation at 6
      months compared to the recording taken on the 20th day. At the 12th month, there
      was a higher incidence of arrhythmias but they were of a lower grade in 72% of
      cases: there was a steady improvement thereafter until the 24th month with the
      incidences falling to those observed on the 20th day. At the end of 2 years,
      there were 102 survivors; 41 patients died, and one was lost to follow-up. Over
      half the deaths (23 cases) occurred during the first 6 months, 4 during the
      second, 7 during the third and 7 during the fourth 6 months. The cause of death
      was cardiac in 21 cases, was of other causes in 4 cases and was unknown in 16
      cases. The correlation between the death rate and results of Holter monitoring on
      the 20th day showed: only 4 of the 41 deaths had no recorded ventricular
      arrhythmia, there was a moderate or severe ventricular arrhythmia in 37 cases; in
      these patients, the cause of death (cardiac or other) was not related to the
      degree of arrhythmia. These results confirm previously reported preliminary
      studies indicating the value of Holter monitoring on the 20th day of myocardial
      infarction for assessing the 2 year prognosis. Death occurred in I ou of 10
      Patients without ventricular arrhythmias, in 1 out of 4 patients with a moderate
      ventricular arrhythmia, and in 1 out of 2 patients with severe arrhythmias (p
      less than 0.001). The evolution was characterised by a "critical period", the
      first year, during which most deaths and aggravation of ventricular arrhythmias
      (in survivors) were observed; during the second year, there was a progressive
      improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6433839
TI  - [Value of provocation tests in the evaluation of the treatment of ventricular
      tachycardias with amiodarone].
AB  - The role of provocation tests for the assessment of amiodarone therapy in
      patients with ventricular tachycardia remains a subject of controversy: recent
      studies seem to show that the ability to initiate VT in patients on amiodarone is
      compatible with a good long-term result. Eighteen patients, 16 male and 2 female,
      average age 56 years, were treated with amiodarone (600 mg/day in 15 cases, and
      400 mg/day in 3 cases) and submitted to provocative tests before and after
      treatment. The mean follow-up period was 14 +/- 4 months. In Group I (5
      patients), VT could not be initiated after treatment and there were no relapses
      of the arrhythmia. In Group II (6 patients), non-sustained VT could be initiated
      and only one relapse was observed after a close reduction from 600 to 400 mg/day;
      Group III comprised 5 patients with spontaneous recurrences. An identical VT
      could be initiated during electrophysiological investigation which served as a
      basis for selection of an effective antiarrhythmic association. Two patients
      could not be studied after drug impregnation (1 sudden death, 1 exacerbation of
      VT). The results of this study show that provocative pacing can be useful in
      evaluating the efficacy of amiodarone, as in Groups I and II (61% of patients) a
      favourable prognosis could be predicted in 91% of cases. In cases of therapeutic
      failure with spontaneous recurrences of VT, the same provocation tests enabled a
      more effective drug combination to be selected.

PMID- 6433840
TI  - [Multicenter study of 2 urokinase protocols in severe pulmonary embolism.
      Research Group on Urokinase and Pulmonary Embolism].
AB  - The results of a multicentre trial (10 centres) of urokinase (UK) extracted from
      human urine in patients with recent massive pulmonary embolism (PE) are reported.
      The aim of this trial was to compare the efficacy of two protocols of UK therapy:
      low dose UK: 2 000 IU/kg/hour (UKl) associated with heparin, against high dose
      UK: 4 400 IU/kg/hour for 12 hours (UKh) followed by heparin. This randomised
      single blind trial included patients under 80 years of age. The clinical
      diagnosis of recent PE (less than 5 days) was confirmed by pulmonary angiography
      showing over 30% vascular obstruction (Miller index greater than 11). The
      efficacy of treatment was assessed by the degree of early revascularisation on
      pulmonary angiography 30 to 48 hours after the start of thrombolytic therapy, as
      analysed by 4 independent vascular radiologists. A total of 133 patients entered
      the trial between November 1978 and October 1981: 2 died before receiving
      treatment, 2 were excluded, 129 patients were retained (67 UKl and 62 UKh). The
      initial clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic parameters were comparable in the
      two groups: Miller index; 22.6 +/- 3.7 (UKl) and 22.6 +/- 3.4 (UKh), an average
      vascularisation defect of 66%. The efficacy of treatment was the same: 26% and
      20% respectively. The incidence of haemorrhagic complications was the same in
      both groups: 24% and 29% respectively, but only 2% of patients had spontaneous
      severe bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433841
TI  - [Should closed-heart mitral commissurotomies still be performed? Apropos of 168
      operations, 108 open-heart and 60 closed-heart].
AB  - Mitral commissurotomy is known to give good results but the best surgical
      technique (open heart or closed heart) remains uncertain. Results of open heart
      commissurotomy (OC), 108 patients (Group I) and closed heart commissurotomy (CC),
      60 patients (Group II) were compared. The population comprised 81% females and
      the average age was 39 +/- 12 years. Only cases of pure or very predominant
      mitral stenosis (MS) were included. The preoperative state of the patients in
      Group I was poorer than the one in Group II (repeat commissurotomy 8.3% compared
      to 1.7%, p less than 0.04; associated mitral regurgitation 41% compared to 27%, p
      less than 0.04; cardiothoracic ratio 0.54 +/- 0.07 compared to 0.51 +/- 0.06, p
      less than 0.01). A more complete surgical cure was possible in Group I. Both
      commissures were liberated in 99% of OC compared to 25% CC (p less than 0.001).
      Mitral valvuloplasty was associated in 87% of OC (63 cases on the papillary
      muscles, 21 cases on the chordae tendinae and 60 cases on the mitral annulus).
      Operative mortality was low and did not differ significantly between the two
      groups (zero in CC; 1.8% in OC). Overall survival rates were excellent (95% 5
      year survival, 85% 7 year survival). The reoperation rate at 5 years was 7.4% and
      at 7 years, 23.9%, and did not differ with the surgical technique used. The
      functional result was good (patients in Class I or II of the NYHA classification
      84% at 5 years; 75% at 7 years; identical for both groups). Significant late
      valvular "dysfunction" was rare after OC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433842
TI  - [Anomalies of the T wave following treatment of complete chronic left branch
      block by massage of the carotid sinus or injection of adenosine triphosphate].
AB  - We studied the T wave during normal conduction in 25 patients aged 42 to 81 years
      (average 62 +/- 5) during sinus rhythm and complete left bundle branch block
      which regressed transiently after carotid sinus massage (22 cases) or injection
      of adenosine triphosphate (5 cases). Six patients had angina pectoris; coronary
      arteriography in 3 of the other 19 patients was normal. The reversion to normal
      intraventricular conduction was obtained with a lengthening of the ventricular
      cycle in all patients. The T wave axis with narrow QRS complexes was between + 70
      degrees and -140 degrees (normal T axis in 11/25 patients); in the horizontal
      plane, the T wave was negative in V2 in 4 patients, in V2-V4 in 12 patients, in
      V2-V6 in 7 patients and in V4 in 1 patient. The amplitude of inversion in V2
      varied from 0.1 to 1.5 mV; there was no significant difference between the
      patients with angina (0.50 +/- 0.31) and the remainder (0.43 +/- 0.16). In normal
      conduction, the T wave changes were more common in the horizontal plane (24/25
      patients: 96%) than in the frontal plane (14/25 patients, 56%). The high
      incidence of abnormalities of ventricular repolarisation after regression of
      complete left bundle branch block does not appear to be related to coronary
      artery disease. Another explanation is proposed because of the analogy with the
      changes observed after terminating right ventricular pacing and after regression
      of a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. An abnormality of initial ventricular
      depolarisation--common to left bundle branch block, the Wolff syndrome and right
      ventricular pacing--could be responsible for these T wave changes during normal
      conduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433843
TI  - [Conservative valve surgery in endomyocardial fibrosis. Apropos of 8 cases among
      46 surgically treated patients].
AB  - The authors report their experience of conservative valvular surgery in
      endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) (8 cases among 46 surgical cases). These patients
      were divided into 3 groups: Group I: bilateral EMF predominating on the left side
      with associated tricuspid involvement (n: 3). Group II: bilateral EMF
      predominating on the right side with moderate associated mitral involvement (n:
      3). Group III: unilateral EMF with massive mitral insufficiency, (n: 2). At
      surgery, on the side of the conserved valve, the patients had a transvalvular
      endocardectomy (n: 3) and a valvuloplasty either tricuspid (n: 3) or mitral (n:
      5). The results of the valvuloplasty were satisfactory. Two patients died in the
      post-operative period. Their death was unrelated with the conservative procedure.
      The authors study the literature concerning the cases of valvular conservative
      surgery in EMF (n: 4) and define the conditions under which this surgery can be
      done. They report 2 original cases of pure left sided limited EMF with massive
      mitral insufficiency successfully treated by a valvuloplasty.

PMID- 6433844
TI  - [Hemodynamic study during 48 hours of delayed-release isosorbide dinitrate
      (repeated oral administration) in the acute phase of myocardial infarction
      complicated by left ventricular insufficiency].
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of slow release
      isosorbide dinitrate (IDN) 40 mg oral preparation over a 48 hour period in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular
      failure. Fourteen patients (8 male, 6 female) were treated by repeat dose ISD (8
      hourly) and the haemodynamic changes were recorded at 1 hr, 2 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs,
      24 hrs, and 48 hrs. After 48 hours treatment the heart rate was unchanged; mean
      arterial blood pressure fell from 109.5 +/- 5.6 mmHg to 93.5 +/- 6.2 mmHg (-15%)
      (p less than 0.01). Cardiac index rose from 2.4 +/- 0.57 1/min/m2 to 2.8 +/- 0.65
      1/min/m2 (+16%) (NS); diastolic pulmonary artery pressure fell from 22.5 +/- 7.07
      mmHg to 13.7 +/- 4.5 mmHg (-39%) (p less than 0.003); systolic pulmonary artery
      pressure fell from 40.5 +/- 12.2 mmHg to 28.6 +/- 11.6 mmHg (-30%) (NS). Systemic
      vascular resistance fell from 2 095.2 +/- 63 dynes/s/cm5 to 1 537 +/- 60
      dynes/s/cm5 (-22.3%) (NS). Finally, total pulmonary resistance fell from 561.9 +/
      15 dynes/s/cm5 to 301.9 +/- 14.5 dynes/s/cm5 (-47%) (p less than 0.003). The
      most valuable effect was therefore the reduction in left ventricular filling
      pressures which was maximal after about 48 hours. Two groups of patients were
      identified according to the clinical outcome. The patients in Group I (11 cases)
      were improved by the fall in diastolic pulmonary artery pressure, the rise in
      cardiac index and the reduction of systemic valvular resistance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433845
TI  - [Treatment by endocavitary fulguration of recurrent ventricular tachycardia
      caused by right ventricular dysplasia].
AB  - A 27 year old man had recurrent ventricular tachycardia since the age of 16.
      Different antiarrhythmic drugs were used successively without success
      (mexiletine, amiodarone, acebutolol, propafenone, sotalol). The diagnosis of VT
      due to arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was suggested by the morphology
      of the tachycardia (left-sided delay), surface ECG appearances (right bundle
      branch block and potential after the QRS in right precordial leads) and the
      presence of delayed potentials on right ventricular endocavitary recordings.
      However, there were no obvious RV changes on echo or angiographic examination.
      The arrhythmogenic zone was localised in the postero-basal zone of the RV using
      three electrophysiological criteria: the recording of delayed systolic potential
      in sinus rhythm which overlapped into diastole during tachycardia, mapping of
      ventricular depolarisation during VT and results of RV "pacemapping" reproducing
      the appearances of the spontaneous tachycardia. VT was reproducible on stress
      testing (non-sustained VT at the beginning of the recovery phase) and on
      endocavitary stimulation. One 250 joule electric discharge between the
      endocavitary electrodes and a large dorsal surface electrode prevented any
      further attacks without antiarrhythmic therapy (follow-up: one year). Control
      electrophysiological investigation after 4 months showed another potentially
      arrhythmogenic zone which is quiescent at present.

PMID- 6433846
TI  - [Rare complication of extracorporeal circulation: diffuse coronary fibrosis;
      giant cell myocarditis].
AB  - A 38 year old woman developed severe coronary stenosis several months after
      double valve replacement. Aorto-coronary bypass surgery was performed but the
      patient died of a peroperative myocardial infarction. Histological studies showed
      not only fibrous thickening of the intima of the whole coronary arterial tree,
      but also variable medial changes with inflammatory infiltration. In addition,
      inflammatory granulomata with giant cells were found in the myocardium. These
      coronary lesions and their association with a giant cell myocarditis cannot be
      satisfactorily explained by known pathological conditions. The usual mechanisms
      of coronary disease were not operative in this case. There remains the hypothesis
      of a primary change of the coronary wall related to either cannulation, anoxic
      arrest or perfusion fluid, or a combination of these factors. The coronary
      lesions could have developed by an immunological process which would also explain
      the giant cell myocarditis.

PMID- 6433847
TI  - [Sustained ventricular tachycardia 7 years after complete correction of tetralogy
      of Fallot].
AB  - The authors report a case of sustained ventricular tachycardia which occurred
      seven years after complete surgical correction of Fallot's tetralogy in a 13 year
      old girl. This arrhythmia was well tolerated haemodynamically, showed right-sided
      delay and was associated with mitral valve prolapse. After reviewing the
      literature, several physiopathological mechanisms are discussed: --the role of
      residual intraventricular conduction defects in sustaining the tachycardia; --the
      role of the ventriculotomy scar or of other associated lesions (mitral valve
      prolapse in this case) in the genesis of ventricular extrasystoles; --the
      postoperative haemodynamic status in the tolerance of the arrhythmias. This is a
      rare complication with an incidence of less than 2% of survivors followed-up over
      long periods. There is a risk of sudden death in 38% of these patients with
      ventricular arrhythmias which justifies Holter monitoring and ECG stress testing
      for their detection.

PMID- 6433848
TI  - [Abnormal origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery,
      fortuitously discovered in an adult].
AB  - The authors report a case of an anomalous left coronary artery discovered by
      chance in a totally asymptomatic 39 year old man. Appearances of anterior
      myocardial infarction were observed on routine preoperative ECG in a man with
      multiple injuries. Coronary angiography showed an anomalous left coronary artery
      arising from the main pulmonary artery. Left ventricular function was poor with
      associated mitral regurgitation. Surgical correction consisted in an end-to-end
      venous graft between the ostium of the coronary artery detached from the
      pulmonary artery and the right anterior border of the ascending aorta. Left
      ventricular function did not improve four months after surgical correction. The
      irreversibility of the myocardial lesions argues in favour of an early correction
      of this malformation.

PMID- 6433849
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains unable to
      assimilate nitrate.
AB  - Single-site mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that lack the ability aerobically
      to assimilate nitrate and nitrite as sole sources of nitrogen have been isolated.
      Twenty-one of these have been subdivided into four groups by transductional
      analysis. Mutants in only one group, designated nis, lost assimilatory nitrite
      reductase activity. Mutants in the other three transductional groups, designated
      ntmA, ntmB, ntmC, display a pleiotropic phenotype: utilization of a number of
      nitrogen-containing compounds including nitrite as sole nitrogen sources is
      impaired. Assimilatory nitrite reductase was shown to be the major route by which
      hydroxylamine is reduced in aerobically-grown cells.

PMID- 6433850
TI  - Evidence for an arene oxide-NIH shift pathway in the transformation of
      naphthalene to 1-naphthol by Bacillus cereus.
AB  - Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 transformed naphthalene predominately to 1-naphthol.
      Experiments with [14C]naphthalene showed that over a 24 h period, B. cereus
      oxidized 5.2% of the added naphthalene. 1-Naphthol accounted for approximately
      80% of the total metabolites. B. cereus incubated with naphthalene under the
      presence of 18O2 led to the isolation of 1-naphthol that contained 94% 18O. The
      metabolism of [1-2H]- and [2-2H]-naphthalene by B. cereus yielded 1-naphthol
      which retained 95% and 94% deuterium, respectively, as determined by mass
      spectral analysis. NMR spectroscopic analysis of the deuterated 1-naphthol formed
      from [1-2H]-naphthalene indicated an NIH shift mechanism in which 19% of the
      deuterium migrated from the C-1 to the C-2 position. The 18O2 and NIH shift
      experiments implicate naphthalene-1,2-oxide as an intermediate in the formation
      of 1-naphthol from naphthalene by B. cereus.

PMID- 6433851
TI  - [Efficacy of long-term treatment with DSCG of asthma in painters].

PMID- 6433852
TI  - Influence of phospholipids from Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus
      on the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Investigations were carried out on an influence of phospholipids from A.
      fumigatus and L. monocytogenes on the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of
      mouse peritoneal macrophages. L. monocytogenes bacilli and C. neoformans fungi
      served as the experimental microorganisms. Phospholipids from A. fumigatus and L.
      monocytogenes were shown to significantly increase macrophage activity under in
      vivo and in vitro conditions. This was accompanied by an intensified bactericidal
      and fungicidal activity of extracts from the lysosomal fraction of phagocyte
      examined. Phospholipid-stimulated macrophages were observed to liberate
      bactericidal factors into the culture fluid. Lymphocytes had no influence upon
      this process.

PMID- 6433853
TI  - Application of series of monoclonal antibodies against human white cell
      differentiation antigens and the common ALL antigen in the characterization of
      leukemia cells.
AB  - The specificity and the clinical usefulness of the hybridoma derived monoclonal
      antibodies raised against the differentiation antigens of granulocytes (VIM-D5,
      VIM-C6), monocytes (VIM-D2), B lymphocytes (VIB-C5, VIC-Y1), erythrocytes (VIE
      G4) and CALLA (VIL-A1) was studied in leukemic cells isolated from peripheral
      blood and bone marrow of 41 adults with acute leukemia by using indirect
      fluorescence method. The VIL-A1 positivity was observed in 4/9 of ALL and in none
      of myeloid leukemia. It was accompanied in 3/4 of cases by VIB-C5 positivity and
      in one case by VIE-G4 positivity. It is important that 2 out 3 unclassifiable
      cases (PAS-) could be diagnosed as common ALL due to their VIL-A1 positivity. VIM
      D5 like VIM-C6 reacted specifially with granulocytic cells only and gave positive
      results in 20/30 of acute myeloid leukemias. When classified according to the FAB
      scheme, the proportion of VIM-D5 + patients rose from M1 toward more mature
      subtypes, including M4/5. It allowed to identify as AML 2/6 of unclassifiable-Mo
      leukemias, VIC-Y1 appeared to be helpful in characterization of B cell
      malignancies and of myelomonocytic leukemias. It is concluded that the monoclonal
      antibodies of VI series are specific and allow a more precise definition of
      leukemia, thus helping in optimalization of treatment.

PMID- 6433854
TI  - [Theoretical studies of the interaction between drugs and receptor models. 4. The
      sulfonamide inhibitor-human erythrocyte-carboanhydrase C complex].

PMID- 6433855
TI  - Tetracycline double-labelling in post-traumatic osteopenia in man.
AB  - Biopsy specimens were taken from parts of earlier fractured bones in seven
      patients with post-traumatic osteopenia and one healthy volunteer, who were all
      administered a double dose of tetracycline for the purpose of prelabelling. In
      the volunteer, specimens were taken from both the proximal tibia epiphysis and
      the iliac crest. The fraction of labelled surfaces and the rate of apposition
      were calculated. The results were also compared with normative data from the
      iliac crest. At least in the first year after fracture, post-traumatic osteopenia
      appears to be a condition with an increased appositional activity.

PMID- 6433856
TI  - Heterotopic ossification and HLA antigens.
AB  - Thirty patients with neurogenic (nontraumatic) heterotopic ossification following
      spinal cord injury in 20 and head injury in 10, were comprehensively screened for
      HLA antigens. The frequencies of 68 HLA-A, -B and -C antigens were examined. The
      HLA-A2 locus was present in 18 patients (60%) as compared to the phenotypically
      adjusted normal of 48.4% and was not statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
      No statistically significant increased frequency of the HLS-B18 or HLA-B27
      antigens was detected. A positive correlation does not exist between the HLA
      antigen system and patient susceptibility to heterotopic ossification following
      head injury or spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6433857
TI  - Focal motor seizures complicating carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - We studied four patients with focal motor seizures complicating carotid
      endarterectomy and compared them with 14 other cases reported previously.
      Seventeen of the 18 patients had high-grade carotid stenoses. A severe unilateral
      headache usually preceded seizure activity, which was followed by prolonged
      Todd's paralysis. Eight patients had histories of ipsilateral stroke. There was
      no association with perioperative hypertension. Two patients who were receiving
      heparin sodium had intracerebral hemorrhages that caused one of the two
      postoperative deaths. The patency of all endarterectomized carotid arteries was
      recorded by arteriography or noninvasive studies. These data suggest that
      patients who have severe unilateral headaches following ipsilateral carotid
      endarterectomy for high-grade stenoses are at risk for focal motor seizures. The
      roles of antithrombotic agents and anti-seizure medication in this setting are
      unclear.

PMID- 6433858
TI  - [Ultrastructural identification of argyrophil and argentaffin cells of the
      gastric mucosa in the rat].
AB  - Ultrastructure of endocrine cells impregnated in the rat gastric mucosa by
      Grimelius method (identification of argyrophilia) and by Masson--Hamperl method
      (identification of argentaffinity) and influence of various fixatives on the
      structure and properties of the secretory granules in these cells have been
      studied. Fixation of the material in paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde varies in
      its effect on the granule structure of EC-, D1- and ECL-cells, while its
      influence on the granule structure of G-, D- and AL-cells is identical. The
      granules of EC-, ECL- and G-cells are argyrophil, and only those of EC-cells are
      argentaffin. Weak argyrophilia, which is evidently not appearant at the light
      optical level, is specific for granules of D1- and AL-cells. Fixation in
      paraformaldehyde and especially the subsequent treatment in osmium tetroxide
      results in increasing argyrophilia of the endocrine cells, as compared to
      fixation in glutaraldehyde. Varieties in the effect of the fixatives do not
      prevent ultrastructural and histochemical identification of the endocrine cell
      types.

PMID- 6433859
TI  - Epilepsia partialis continua. Epileptogenic focus in motor cortex and its
      participation in transcortical reflexes.
AB  - We performed electrophysiologic and neuroradiologic studies on a patient who had
      epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanism of
      repeated myoclonic jerks confined to the right toes. A computed tomographic scan
      revealed a small cortical lesion in the left parasagittal rolandic area
      corresponding to the sensorimotor cortex of the right toes. A pretrigger EEG
      analysis with a jerk-locked averaging technique revealed a positive spike 32 ms
      before the jerks. A similar positive spike was evoked at a latency of 48 ms after
      an electrical stimulation of the right posterior tibial nerve; it was followed by
      a myoclonic jerk with a 32-ms latency. We suppose that in our patient, an
      epileptogenic focus in the motor cortex and transcortical long-loop reflexes
      played an important role in generating EPC.

PMID- 6433860
TI  - Lithium salt intoxication and neurologic sequelae.

PMID- 6433861
TI  - Prognostic factors for life expectancy after penetrating head injury.
AB  - Survival curves were made for 190 World War II veterans with penetrating head
      injuries, and for 106 WW II veterans with peripheral nerve injuries who matched
      the subjects with head injuries with respect to age at injury, years of formal
      education, and preinjury intelligence-test score. The results indicated that
      penetrating head injury coupled with posttraumatic epilepsy shortened life
      expectancy in subjects who survived the early postinjury period, but that head
      injury alone did not. Educational level was also a significant variable
      independent of seizures: subjects with more education survived longer than those
      with less education. Age at injury and the difference between preinjury and
      postinjury intelligence-test scores did not predict survival status.

PMID- 6433862
TI  - Molecular size distribution of proteoglycans in human inflamed gingival tissue.
AB  - Proteoglycans were extracted from human gingiva with 2 M CaCl2. The extracts were
      examined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-400 in 2 M CaCl2 under dissociative
      conditions. The 280 nm absorbance profiles of clinically uninflamed, inflamed and
      severely-inflamed tissues showed that material was present with molecular weights
      of between 2 X 10(6) or greater, and 16,000. Proteoglycans were examined by
      cellulose-acetate electrophoresis with subsequent identification of the
      constituent glycosaminoglycans after protease digestion, and finally by
      chondroitinase AC digestion of the liberated glycosaminoglycans. The relative
      proportion of each glycosaminoglycan was calculated by scanning each cellulose
      acetate sheet on an integrating densitometer. Heparan sulphate was found only in
      fraction I (mol. wt 2 X 10(6) or greater), together with hyaluronic acid and
      chondroitin-4-sulphate, these being present in all of the glycosaminoglycan
      containing fractions (I-IV). Dermatan sulphate was absent from fraction I, but
      present in II-IV, apparently existing on the same protein core as chondroitin-4
      sulphate. The relative proportions of these two glycosaminoglycans was related to
      molecular size, and with the degree of inflammation for a given molecular
      species.

PMID- 6433863
TI  - Changes in acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves of the submandibular salivary
      gland during experimental infection with a protozoon, Trypanosoma cruzi, in rats.
AB  - Using a thiocholine acetylcholinesterase histochemical technique, an appreciable
      reduction of the innervation was demonstrated in the submandibular glands of rats
      inoculated with the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, at the early chronic phase of
      the infection. During the chronic phase of the disease there was recovery of the
      normal pattern of innervation in all infected animals.

PMID- 6433864
TI  - Quantitative adherence of bacteria to human corneal epithelial cells.
AB  - An in vitro assay was used to quantitatively determine the ability of a variety
      of bacteria to adhere to human corneal epithelial cells. Staphylococcus aureus,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to adhere to
      corneal epithelium significantly better than other species that were tested.
      However, there was considerable variability in the adherence of individual
      strains of these bacterial species. The results of this study support the
      hypothesis that the frequency with which certain species of bacteria cause
      bacterial corneal ulceration may be related to the ability of those organisms to
      adhere to corneal epithelium. In addition, differences in pathogenicity between
      strains of a given species may be related to the variability of adherence within
      a species.

PMID- 6433865
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups. 'Only the lead dog sees a change of scenery'.

PMID- 6433866
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups analysis of medical care in four American cities.
AB  - The introduction of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) into American medical care is
      having a considerable impact on hospital finance and utilization. Patterns of
      patient care for individual physicians will also be assessable with this system.
      We evaluated a one-year sample of data on hospital admissions for ear, nose, and
      throat disorders in four comparable American cities for length of stay
      variations. The trends from city to city included a wide variation in rates of
      admission per population of 100,000, especially in the major head and neck
      surgery category. Patterns of disease, specifically with regard to dysequilibrium
      and childhood salivary glands, may be a potentially unknown problem for the
      communities involved. Even though the present DRG system may be an oversimplified
      method of describing medical care, it does provide useful information for
      otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons.

PMID- 6433867
TI  - The recognition and early management of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Chest pain is one of the most common and important symptoms in medical practice
      and its causes vary from trivial to life threatening. The high pre hospital
      mortality from myocardial infarction can be reduced by prompt and appropriate
      early management.

PMID- 6433869
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition. Part 1. From the Royal Melbourne Hospital Pharmacy
      Department.

PMID- 6433868
TI  - Nutritional support for the burn patient.

PMID- 6433870
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition. Part two. Problems associated with parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6433871
TI  - Whole skin electron beam rotational therapy using a Varian Clinac 18/10 linear
      accelerator.

PMID- 6433872
TI  - A quantitative assessment of protein depletion and increased hydration in
      severely ill surgical patients using prompt gamma in vivo neutron activation
      analysis.

PMID- 6433873
TI  - Immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood.
AB  - An immunochemical test for fecal occult blood has been evaluated. It has been
      found to be specific for human hemoglobin and to be reproducible, accurate and
      four times more sensitive than chemical occult blood tests. Storage of prepared
      slides at -20 degrees C prevented reduction in sensitivity. To determine the
      effect of blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract, six volunteers ingested
      100 ml of their own blood. Positive chemical, but no positive immunochemical
      tests were produced. In 20 healthy subjects, challenge with red meat and
      vegetables with high peroxidase content increased the positivity rate of chemical
      tests but had no effect on the positivity rate of the immunochemical test. The
      immunochemical method for fecal occult blood has advantages over chemical testing
      in that it is specific for human blood and for lower gut bleeding. Its increased
      sensitivity should result in a high detection rate of colorectal neoplastic
      lesions. However, this same increased sensitivity may also reduce its
      effectiveness in bowel cancer screening because of positive results in patients
      with trivial blood loss from non-neoplastic colonic sources.

PMID- 6433874
TI  - Low molecular weight IgM in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
AB  - Circulating low molecular weight (LMW) IgM was demonstrated in five of 38
      patients with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. These five patients all had
      malignant disease and could be subdivided into two groups. In the first group
      were three patients, each with an associated serum IgM paraprotein; two had
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and one lymphocytic lymphoma. The two patients
      of the second group did not have IgM paraproteins; one had lymphocytic lymphoma
      and one chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Both these patients also had acquired C1
      esterase inhibitor deficiency, a previously recognised association with
      circulating LMW IgM. None of the 16 patients with benign IgM macroglobulinemia
      had circulating LMW IgM. In those positive sera with LMW IgM this moiety
      contributed between 10.5% and 37.5% of the total IgM. There was no apparent
      association between LMW IgM and total IgM levels, kappa/lambda typing or the
      presence of Bence Jones proteinuria, but rheumatoid factor, immune complexes and
      cryoglobulins occurred in many of the sera which contained LMW IgM. Pokeweed
      mitogen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two patients with
      circulating LMW IgM secreted considerable quantities of this moiety in vitro but
      this did not occur in two patients with benign IgM macroglobulinemia. We conclude
      that LMW IgM is found in the malignant but not the benign forms of B cell
      lymphoproliferative disorders and is frequently associated with other serological
      abnormalities. The basic abnormality causing defective IgM polymerisation in
      these disorders is obscure.

PMID- 6433875
TI  - Invasive aspergillosis demonstrating the air crescent sign: occurrence in a
      previously healthy alcoholic.

PMID- 6433876
TI  - Efficacy of trauma X-rays.

PMID- 6433877
TI  - [Premedication in ambulatory patients and its forensic significance].

PMID- 6433878
TI  - [Post-transfusion hepatitis and its sequelae in the treatment of hemophilia].
AB  - As a result of the frequent application of factor VIII and IX concentrates of
      single donor cryoprecipitates as well as of concentrates from large plasma pools
      a very important side-effect became evident: the transmission of serum hepatitis
      in its two forms B and Non A Non B. Dependent on the factor dosage, up to 100% of
      the patients showed signs of an active hepatitis or contact of the defense system
      with hepatitis viruses. With increasing frequency of chronic hepatitis (65%)
      there is also an increase in the aggravation to liver cirrhosis which manifests
      itself 13 years earlier than in the normal population. In future, greatest
      attention will have to be devoted to avoiding the transmission of hepatitis and
      other viral infections by concentrates of clotting factors.

PMID- 6433879
TI  - Specificity of murine monoclonal antibodies induced by a choriocarcinoma cell
      line (BEWO).
AB  - The specificity of two murine monoclonal antibodies (BW 252/104, IgG3 and BW
      241/10, IgM) which recognize two different antigens is described. BW 252/104
      recognizes an epitope detectable on all human cell lines and most of the human
      tissues tested. On account of this reactivity this antibody could be said to
      possess a "pan human" specificity. BW 241/10 is mainly reactive with human
      granulocytes but shows some binding to certain solid tissues (breast, stomach).
      Because of its lack of reactivity to human lymphocytes and monocytes this
      antibody could be of interest in the detection of human granulocytes.

PMID- 6433880
TI  - Carbamazepine and behavior therapy for aggressive behavior. Treatment of a
      mentally retarded, postencephalitic adolescent with seizure disorder.

PMID- 6433881
TI  - [Family studies in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis--a clinical study].

PMID- 6433882
TI  - Human 'creatine kinase conversion factor' identified as a carboxypeptidase.
AB  - The effect of partially purified 'creatine kinase conversion factor' on rabbit
      muscle creatine kinase is shown to be that of a carboxypeptidase, removing the C
      terminal lysine residue from both subunits. These changes fully explain the three
      banded electrophoretic patterns of the partially and the fully modified rabbit
      and human enzymes. The factor also produces a similar electrophoretic pattern
      with haemoglobin A; comparison with the effects of carboxypeptidases A and B
      permits the inference that the C-terminal residues of both alpha- and beta
      subunits are removed. Small synthetic peptides are poor or non-substrates. A low
      activity with hippuryl-L-lysine may be due to contamination of the preparation
      with carboxypeptidase N. The possibility has been excluded that the action of
      conversion factor on creatine kinase involves modification of the protein thiol
      groups. Mr, substrate-specificity, pH-activity profile and the effects of metal
      ions distinguish creatine kinase conversion factor from carboxypeptidases A, B
      and N. On the basis of this evidence it is proposed to give the conversion factor
      the provisional name of carboxypeptidase K.

PMID- 6433883
TI  - Glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) as an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis in tumour
      cells.
AB  - Glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), the parent compound of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone), was synthesized and tested for its ability to inhibit the
      biosynthesis of polyamines. It was found to be a powerful competitive inhibitor
      of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), yet the lack of the methyl
      group at the glyoxal portion increased the apparent Ki value for the enzyme by
      about 30-fold in comparison with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). Glyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) inhibited diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity as
      effectively as did methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). The cellular accumulation
      curves of glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in L1210 cells were practically
      superimposable with those of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), and the uptake
      of both compounds was distinctly stimulated by a prior treatment with 2
      difluoromethylornithine. The drug decreased the concentration of spermidine in a
      dose-dependent manner and, in contrast with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone),
      without a concomitant accumulation of putrescine. The fact that putrescine
      concentrations were decreased in cells exposed to glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)
      was, at least in part, attributable to an inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase
      (EC 4.1.1.17) activity in cells treated with the compound. Under these
      experimental conditions equivalent concentrations of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) [1,1'-[(methylethanediylidine)dinitrilo]diguanidine]
      elicited large increases in the enzyme activity. When combined with
      difluoromethylornithine, glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) potentiated the growth
      inhibitory effect of that drug. Taking into consideration the proven anti
      leukaemic activity of glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), its effectiveness to inhibit
      spermidine biosynthesis (without raising the concentration of putrescine) as well
      as its suitability for combined use with inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase,
      this drug is apparently worthy of further testing in tumour-bearing animals,
      especially in combination with difluoromethylornithine or related inhibitors of
      ornithine decarboxylase.

PMID- 6433884
TI  - Molecular forms of aconitase and their interconversions.
AB  - Aconitase, as isolated from mammalian mitochondria by traditional methods, is
      virtually inactive and contains an oxidized [3Fe-4S]+ cluster. The activation of
      the enzyme and attendant conformational change have been studied by monitoring
      the changes in activity, in tryptophan fluorescence, and in the electron
      paramagnetic resonance of the cluster on incubation with dithionite, with and
      without added Fe2+. Restoration of the full activity is achieved with one
      electron per 3Fe cluster and at least 0.6 g-atoms of Fe2+ per mol. The process
      involves building up of [4Fe-4S]2+ clusters. Other metal ions do not substitute
      for Fe2+. Reduction alone, in the absence of added Fe2+, yields up to 70% of the
      maximum activity, but requires approx. 1.8 electrons of reductant per cluster.
      The results presented are consistent with the view that activation without added
      Fe2+ involves the destruction of some of the [3Fe-4S] clusters and the
      incorporation of the Fe so liberated into other clusters to yield a tetra-nuclear
      one. In particular, the effect of EDTA and of other iron chelators in inhibiting
      activation by dithionite alone is in accord with this view, although recent
      magnetic-circular-dichroism studies do not support this interpretation. The rates
      of increase in activity and tryptophan fluorescence are the same when Fe2+ is
      present, but in its absence, activation is very much slower than the increase in
      fluorescence, suggesting that the protein conformational change triggered by
      reduction of the Fe-S clusters precedes the insertion of the iron. Consistent
      with this view is the observation that iron chelators inhibit activation by
      dithionite, but not the increase in fluorescence and, hence, the conformational
      change. The results are discussed in light of data in the literature on the forms
      of the cluster and its possible function in catalysis.

PMID- 6433885
TI  - The light-intensity-dependence of the efficacy of 2-(3-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl)
      anilino-3,5-dinitrothiophene (Ant2p) to inhibit the photosystem 2 reactions of
      chloroplasts.
AB  - The mechanism by which Ant2p [2-(3-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl)anilino-3, 5
      dinitrothiophene] inhibits the oxygen evolution capacity of chloroplasts is
      thought to be due to a rapid reduction of the S2 and S3 oxidation states of the
      oxygen-evolving complex mediated by the oxidation of endogenous donors such as
      cytochrome b559. The results presented in this paper show that the degree of
      inhibition by Ant2p of the photosystem 2-supported electron transfer reactions,
      registered by the light-dependent rate of dichlorophenolindophenol reduction,
      varies according to the actinic light intensity. Moreover, a similar intensity
      dependence can be detected in the extent of the Ant2p-induced cytochrome b559HP
      photo-oxidation. We show, however, that the dependence of the cytochrome
      oxidation is not due to the oxidation per se, but reflects changes in the high
      light-driven re-reduction reaction. The close correlation between the two Ant2p
      reactions is interpreted as indicating that the effect of Ant2p might be due to
      an inhibition of the S-state turnovers and not necessarily due to a deactivation
      process.

PMID- 6433886
TI  - Chemical modifications of metallothionein. Preparation and characterization of
      polymers.
AB  - Reaction of rat liver metallothionein-II with two bifunctional cross-linking
      reagents, glutaraldehyde and dimethyl suberimidate, produces high yields of
      polymeric species. It is argued that cross-linking is trapping preformed
      aggregates of the protein, which therefore represent a stabilized quaternary
      structure of metallothionein. The two polymeric species differ in a number of
      respects. With dimethyl suberimidate, the polymer retains all metal-binding sites
      of the monomer, and has an unaltered isoelectric point. Reaction with
      glutaraldehyde causes loss of one or two Cd2+/Zn2+-binding sites and elevates the
      pI. Both species are nearly spherical aggregates, in contrast with the highly
      asymmetrical metallothionein. Both polymers are linked through lysine residues,
      and the thiol groups remain reduced. The biological significance of these
      aggregates is discussed.

PMID- 6433887
TI  - Swainsonine-induced oligosaccharide excretion in sheep. Time-dependent changes in
      the oligosaccharide profile.
AB  - Urinary oligosaccharides isolated from locoweed-intoxicated sheep were separated
      and quantified by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography of the
      perbenzoylated alditols. Mannose-containing oligosaccharides were elevated as
      early as day 3 of feeding, but maximum levels (approx. 1 mumol/ml) were not
      attained until after 6 weeks of feeding. The relative abundance of individual
      oligosaccharides changed over the course of the feeding period. Man3GlcNAc2
      reached a peak on day 3 and then rapidly declined. Two isomers were shown to be
      present in this fraction and the relative proportions altered with the duration
      of locoweed treatment. The major isomer present at early time points (less than 8
      days) co-eluted with synthetic Man(alpha 1-3)[Man(alpha 1-6)]Man(beta 1
      4)GlcNAc(beta 1-4)GlcNAc, was digested by endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase D,
      and is probably derived from the trimannosyl core of complex glycoproteins
      synthesized prior to locoweed treatment. Man3GlcNAc2 isolated from day 53 urine
      was resistant to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D digestion but was cleaved by
      endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. This isomer has the probable structure
      Man(alpha 1-3)Man(alpha 1-6)Man(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-4)GlcNAc, indicative of
      its origin from hybrid or high-mannose glycoproteins. Man5GlcNAc2 reached a peak
      on day 13 and then slowly declined, whereas Man4GlcNAc2 increased concomitantly.
      The rapid increase in Man5GlcNAc2 can probably be attributed to the breakdown of
      hybrid glycans produced as a result of swainsonine inhibition of Golgi alpha-D
      mannosidase II. The onset of observable clinical signs on day 38 closely
      correlated with the time point at which the level of Man4GlcNAc2 exceeded
      Man5GlcNAc2. After locoweed feeding was discontinued, the amount of urinary
      oligosaccharides declined rapidly and reached baseline levels within 12 days.

PMID- 6433888
TI  - Rat lung glutathione S-transferases. Evidence for two distinct types of 22000-Mr
      subunits.
AB  - Two immunologically distinct types of 22000-Mr subunits are present in rat lung
      glutathione S-transferases. One of these subunits is probably similar to Ya
      subunits of rat liver glutathione S-transferases, whereas the other subunit Ya'
      is immunologically distinct. Glutathione S-transferase II (pI7.2) of rat lung is
      a heterodimer (YaYa') of these subunits, and glutathione S-transferase VI (pI4.8)
      of rat lung is a homodimer of Ya' subunits. On hybridization in vitro of the
      subunits of glutathione S-transferase II of rat lung three active dimers having
      pI values 9.4, 7.2 and 4.8 are obtained. Immunological properties and substrate
      specificities indicate that the hybridized enzymes having pI7.2 and 4.8
      correspond to glutathione S-transferases II and VI of rat lung respectively.

PMID- 6433889
TI  - Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and Alcian Blue staining of sulphated
      glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.
AB  - Oligosaccharide fragments of glycosaminoglycans may be separated for rapid
      analysis by electrophoresis through a 10% polyacrylamide matrix. An extensive
      ladder-like set of bands is observed for partial testicular hyaluronidase digests
      of chondroitin 4- or 6-sulphate, and for dermatan sulphate. Co-electrophoresis of
      purified oligosaccharides has established that the major bands of these patterns
      represent fragments differing in chain length by one disaccharide unit, with the
      smallest fragments having the greatest mobility. Additional minor bands,
      representing heterogeneity in the repeating unit structure, are also observed.
      There are slight differences in the mobilities of oligosaccharides derived from
      the three major types of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Alcian Blue is employed
      for visualization of the digest fragments. Sample loads of 5-10 micrograms per
      band appear optimum. The smallest oligosaccharide which may be stained by this
      method is the hexasaccharide. After consideration of this effect, a good
      correlation is found to exist between densitometric scans of the gel
      electrophoretic patterns and gel-filtration chromatographic profiles based on
      uronic acid concentration.

PMID- 6433890
TI  - The role of cytoplasmic free calcium in the responses of quin2-loaded human
      platelets to vasopressin.
AB  - Responses to vasopressin were studied in human platelets loaded with the
      fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, quin2. In the presence of 1 mM external Ca2+,
      vasopressin caused a transient rise in [Ca2+]i from the basal level near 100nM to
      about 700 nM; peak [Ca2+]i was reached in a few seconds and the level then
      declined towards resting over several minutes. In the absence of external Ca2+
      there was a much smaller rise of similar time-course, suggesting that vasopressin
      increases [Ca2+]i mainly by stimulated-influx across the plasma membrane but also
      by partly releasing internal Ca2+. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation
      somewhat reduced the peak [Ca2+]i in the presence of external Ca2+, but had no
      effect on the response attributed to release of internal Ca2+. With external
      Ca2+, vasopressin stimulated shape-change, secretion and aggregation. Secretion
      and aggregation were decreased by about half following blockage of thromboxane
      production. The ability of vasopressin to induce shape-change and secretion even
      at near basal [Ca2+]i suggests that activators other than Ca2+ are involved.

PMID- 6433891
TI  - Effect of calcium chelators on the Ca2+-dependent luminescence of aequorin.
AB  - The luminescence of aequorin, a useful tool for studying intracellular Ca2+, was
      recently found to be inhibited by the free EDTA and EGTA that are present in
      calcium buffers. In the present study we have examined the effect of the free
      forms of various chelators in the calibration of [Ca2+] with aequorin. Free EDTA
      and EGTA in low-ionic-strength solutions strongly inhibited the Ca2+-triggered
      luminescence of aequorin, causing large errors in the calibration of [Ca2+]
      (approx. 2 pCa units), whereas in solutions containing 150mM-KCl, errors were
      relatively small (0.2-0.3 pCa units). Citric acid in low-ionic-strength solutions
      and [(carbamoylmethyl)imino]diacetic acid in high-ionic-strength solutions showed
      no inhibition and did not cause detectable error in the calibration of [Ca2+],
      indicating that they are better chelators than EDTA and EGTA for use with
      aequorin.

PMID- 6433892
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase II isoenzyme in rat liver is under hormonal control.
AB  - A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)
      was developed. Rat livers were perfused with Ringer's solution and the hepatic
      CAII was measured. Concentrations of CAII in female liver were significantly
      higher than those in male liver. Castration increased the concentration in male
      liver, though not to that in females, and diethylstilboestrol treatment of
      castrated males gave values higher than those in females.

PMID- 6433893
TI  - Rhnull human erythrocytes have an abnormal membrane phospholipid organization.
AB  - Rhnull human erythrocytes lack the antigens of the Rhesus blood group system,
      have an abnormal shape and an increased osmotic fragility, and are associated
      with mild chronic haemolytic anaemia. Studies with phospholipase A2 and
      sphingomyelinase C show that the asymmetric distribution of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) in the membrane of these cells differs from
      that found in control cells. The amount of PtdEtn which can be hydrolysed by
      phospholipase A2 in the presence of sphingomyelinase C in intact Rhnull cells is
      twice as high as that in normal erythrocytes. In intact Rhnull cells all of the
      phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) present in the membrane can be readily exchanged
      with a PtdCho-specific exchange protein, whereas in control cells 75% is readily
      exchanged and 25% at a much lower rate. This indicates that PtdCho experiences a
      relatively fast transbilayer movement in the Rhnull cells. The observation that
      the loss of two membrane polypeptides in the Rhnull cells leads to abnormal
      shape, increased osmotic fragility, abnormal PtdEtn distribution and enhanced
      transbilayer mobility of PtdCho strongly suggests that one or both polypeptides
      are essential for the maintenance of a proper membrane-membrane skeleton
      interaction.

PMID- 6433894
TI  - Activation of human platelet phospholipase C by ionophore A23187 is totally
      dependent upon cyclo-oxygenase products and ADP.
AB  - Human platelets exposed to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 form cyclo-oxygenase
      metabolites from liberated arachidonic acid and secrete dense granule
      substituents such as ADP. I have shown previously that A23187 causes activation
      of phospholipase A2 and some stimulation of phospholipase C. I now report that,
      in contrast to the case for thrombin, the activation of phospholipase C in
      response to ionophore is completely dependent upon the formation of cyclo
      oxygenase products and the presence of ADP. The addition of A23187 to human
      platelets induces a transient drop in the amount of phosphatidylinositol 4,5
      bisphosphate, a decrease in the amount of phosphatidylinositol, and the formation
      of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. In addition, lysophosphatidylinositol
      and free arachidonic acid are produced. The presence of cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitors or agents which remove ADP partially impairs these changes. When both
      types of inhibitor are present, the changes in phosphatidylinositol 4,5
      bisphosphate and the formation of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid are
      blocked entirely, whereas formation of lysophosphatidylinositol and free
      arachidonic acid are relatively unaffected. The prostaglandin H2 analogue U46619
      activates phospholipase C. This stimulation is inhibited partially by competitors
      for ADP. I conclude that phospholipase C is not activated by Ca2+ in the
      platelet, and suggest that stimulation is totally dependent upon a receptor
      coupled event.

PMID- 6433895
TI  - Incorporation of serine into Paramecium ethanolamine phospholipid and
      phosphonolipid head groups.
AB  - Ethanolamine phospholipid head groups in Paramecium were synthesized directly
      from ethanolamine. As in other cell types, radioactivity from ethanolamine failed
      to incorporate significantly into head groups of ethanolamine phosphonolipids,
      indicating that the phosphonolipids are not derived from their phospholipid
      analogues. Unlike other systems previously examined, radioactivity from serine is
      incorporated into both ethanolamine phospholipid and phosphonolipid head groups
      of glycerolipids and sphingolipids in this ciliate. These observations suggest
      that synthesis of ethanolamine phosphonolipids involves synthesis de novo of free
      phosphonoserine, which is then incorporated into lipids, and then lipid-bound
      phosphonoserine intermediates (glycerolipids or sphingolipids) undergo
      decarboxylation, forming lipidbound phosphonoethanolamine compounds.

PMID- 6433896
TI  - Modification of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (porphobilinogen deaminase) by
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Demonstration of an essential lysine residue.
AB  - When hydroxymethylbilane synthase (porphobilinogen deaminase) from Euglena
      gracilis is incubated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH 7.0 and 0 degree C, it
      rapidly loses part of its activity. The proportion of activity that remains
      decreases as the concentration of the modifier increases up to approx. 2mM, above
      which no further significant inactivation occurs. Dialysis of the partly
      inactivated enzyme restores its activity, whereas reduction with NaBH4 makes the
      inactivation permanent. The maximum inactivation achievable from one cycle of the
      treatment with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, then with borohydride, is 53 +/- 5%;
      taking this modified enzyme through second and third cycles causes further loss
      of activity. The enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides behaves similarly, but
      there are quantitative differences. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that the
      inactivation procedure modifies lysine residues, and labelling studies show that
      epsilon-N-pyridoxyl-L-lysine is a product when permanently inactivated enzyme is
      completely hydrolysed. Several lysine residues per molecule of the E. gracilis
      enzyme are modified by the treatment with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and borohydride,
      but only one appears to be essential for enzymic activity, since porphobilinogen
      protects the enzyme against inactivation and then one fewer lysine residue per
      molecule of enzyme is affected. It is suggested that, during the biosynthesis of
      hydroxymethylbilane, the first porphobilinogen unit is covalently bound to the
      enzyme through the epsilon-amino group of the essential lysine.

PMID- 6433897
TI  - Effects of steroid hormones and xenobiotics on the pubertal development of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activities towards androsterone and 4-nitrophenol in
      Wistar rats.
AB  - Oestradiol benzoate, testosterone propionate, progesterone, corticosterone, 3
      methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital were administered to Wistar rats at the
      pubertal period, and their effects on hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
      activities were determined. Pretreatment with oestradiol benzoate had a temporary
      suppressive effect on androsterone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in rats
      with the high-activity phenotype of androsterone glucuronidation. The effect was
      marked in 40-day-old rats, but was not found in older rats. Androsterone UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity was induced by phenobarbital in rats with the
      high-activity phenotype, but not in rats with the low-activity phenotype. Foster
      feeding experiments showed that breast milk did not alter the genetically
      determined expression of androsterone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in
      Wistar rats. In contrast, 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was
      not affected by steroid hormones, but was highly induced by 3-methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 6433898
TI  - Stimulation of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and citrulline synthesis by
      dexamethasone. Effect of isolation and incubation media.
AB  - Hepatic mitochondria isolated in 0.3 M-sucrose or 0.3 M-mannitol from rats
      treated for 3h with dexamethasone displayed stimulated rates of pyruvate
      carboxylation and decarboxylation and citrulline synthesis when compared with
      organelles from control animals. Mitochondria isolated in mannitol also displayed
      elevated rates of pyruvate carboxylation and decarboxylation when compared with
      those isolated in sucrose, and this stimulation was shown to be independent of
      the lengthy isolation procedure. Citrulline synthesis proceeded at similar rates
      in mitochondria isolated in either sugar. The concentration of exchangeable
      adenine nucleotides was identical in mitochondria isolated in sucrose or
      mannitol, suggesting that those prepared in the former sugar are not more
      permeable to metabolites than those prepared in the latter. The matrix volume of
      mitochondria isolated in mannitol was greater than that of mitochondria isolated
      in sucrose, and the effect of mannitol on pyruvate metabolism was mimicked by
      swelling the organelles in hypo-osmotic sucrose. Measurements of the extra-matrix
      volume by using [14C]sucrose or [14C]mannitol suggest that mannitol can permeate
      mitochondria to a greater extent than can sucrose. The possibility that mannitol
      elicits its effect by entering the mitochondrial matrix and so initiating
      swelling is discussed.

PMID- 6433899
TI  - Effect of phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) on freshly isolated and 4-day-stored
      human platelets.
AB  - Phospholipase C (from Bacillus cereus) was used to study fresh and stored human
      platelets. Provided that the enzyme was inactivated before lipid extraction, no
      significant degradation of phospholipid in fresh cells was noted, even when
      platelets were activated or induced to change shape by ADP, collagen or thrombin.
      With platelets isolated from concentrates stored for transfusion for 4 days at 22
      degrees C, membrane phospholipids were degraded by the enzyme to an extent
      depending on the pH in the platelet concentrate at day 4 of storage. The extent
      of phospholipid hydrolysis in platelets correlated well with the extent of
      release of lactate dehydrogenase during storage, with both being minimal for
      platelets from concentrates of final pH 6.5-6.9. Under non-lytic conditions,
      phosphatidylcholine was the phospholipid most degraded (40%), with no significant
      degradation of phosphatidylserine being detected. Storage does not seem to alter
      the distribution of phospholipids at the external leaflet of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6433900
TI  - Oxidation of tyrosine residues in proteins by tyrosinase. Formation of protein
      bonded 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-S-cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
AB  - A simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and 5-S-cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (5-S
      cysteinyldopa) in proteins with the use of high-pressure liquid chromatography.
      With this method, it is demonstrated that mushroom tyrosinase can catalyse
      hydroxylation of tyrosine residues in proteins to dopa and subsequent oxidation
      to dopaquinone residues. The dopaquinone residues in proteins combine with
      cysteine residues to form 5-S-cysteinyldopa in bovine serum albumin and yeast
      alcohol dehydrogenase, whereas dopa is the major product in bovine insulin, which
      lacks cysteine residues.

PMID- 6433901
TI  - Characterization of the calcium-sequestering process associated with human
      platelet intracellular membranes isolated by free-flow electrophoresis.
AB  - By using density-gradient fractionation and high-voltage free-flow
      electrophoresis, human platelet membranes were separated into highly purified
      subfractions of surface (SM) and intracellular (IM) origin. Associated
      exclusively with the IM fraction is an ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake that, in the
      absence of oxalate, reaches steady-state levels in 5-10 min. When Ca2+-EGTA
      buffers were used to control the external Ca2+ concentrations (range 0.1-50
      microM) there was an increase in the intravesicle steady-state level of Ca2+ up
      to 10 microM external Ca2+ concentration. Above this level the intravesicle space
      becomes saturated at a concentration between 10 and 20 nmol of Ca2+ X (mg of
      protein)-1. The ionophore A23187 promotes a rapid and almost total release of the
      sequestered Ca2+ (greater than 90%, t1/2 1-2 min). The presence of oxalate in the
      external medium greatly enhances the Ca2+ accumulation to levels as high as 200
      nmol X (mg of protein)-1, but the uptake process is more variable and rarely
      reaches steady-state level even after 2 h incubation. Moreover, accumulation in
      the presence of oxalate effects ionophore release with less than 80% depletion in
      45-60 min. These findings, taken together with the known presence in the platelet
      of a wide variety of functional and metabolic processes triggered by this cation,
      suggest that the platelet IM has a key role in controlling cytosolic Ca2+
      concentrations.

PMID- 6433902
TI  - Subcellular localization and some properties of lipoxygenase activity in human
      blood platelets.
AB  - Lipoxygenase activity was measured in human platelet subcellular fractions. From
      a sonicated platelet preparation, a granule fraction, mixed membranes (surface
      and intracellular) and cytosol fractions were separated by differential
      centrifugation. With respect to activities in the sonicated preparation, the
      lipoxygenase was slightly enriched in both the cytosol and mixed-membrane
      fractions and consistently de-enriched in the granule fractions. Approx. 65% and
      20% of the total cell enzyme activity were found in the cytosol and mixed
      membranes respectively, with only 8% present in the granule fraction.
      Additionally we measured the lipoxygenase activity in purified surface- and
      intracellular-membrane subfractions prepared from the mixed membranes by free
      flow electrophoresis. There was a slight enrichment in activity in the
      intracellular membrane fraction compared with that in the mixed membranes, and a
      depletion of activity in the surface membranes. Characterization of the enzyme
      activity, i.e. time course, pH-dependence, Ca2+-dependence, Vmax. and Km for
      arachidonic acid, and the carbon-position specificity for this acid, failed to
      reveal any significant differences between the membrane-bound and soluble forms
      of the lipoxygenase. These findings suggest that in human platelets the same
      lipoxygenase is associated with the membranes as in the cytosol and that the
      membrane-bound activity predominates in intracellular membrane elements.

PMID- 6433903
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane in protein-energy malnutrition: A23187-induced changes in
      osmotic fragility of human and rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Erythrocytes from protein-energy malnourished children have been shown to have
      increased resistance to osmotic lysis (4). Osmotic fragility studies were carried
      out in protein-energy malnourished rats and A23187-induced changes in osmotic
      fragility were studied in rat and human erythrocytes. Rat erythrocytes were found
      to be much more sensitive to A23187 effect on osmotic fragility as compared to
      the human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes from protein-deficient rats but not from the
      energy-restricted rats showed increased resistance to osmotic lysis. A23187 (+
      Ca)-induced changes in osmotic fragility were not different between control and
      experimental erythrocytes, either for humans or rats. There was, however, a
      difference in the extent to which Na accumulation and K depletion occurred in
      erythrocytes from control and experimental animals after A23187 + Ca2+ treatment.

PMID- 6433904
TI  - Bioartificial pancreas. Present state and future prospects.
AB  - The bioartificial (hybrid) pancreas separates transplanted tissue (i.e. islets of
      Langerhans) from the diabetic host and thus protects it against immune rejection.
      The membranes employed in such devices must be impermeable for immunocytes and
      immunoglobulins but--due to the particular construction of the devices--more or
      less selectively permeable for glucose and insulin. A short survey is presented
      on different systems from the viewpoint of the transport functions realized, i.e.
      diffusion systems, ultrafiltration systems, and combined diffusion
      ultrafiltration systems. All these devices are still in a developmental stage.

PMID- 6433905
TI  - Photochemical (PUVA) treatment of isolated rat islets.
AB  - Isolated rat islets were irradiated with long-wave ultraviolet light alone or in
      combination with the photosensitizer 8-methoxypsoralen. The influences on
      specific beta cell functions were determined with the aim of finding out
      experimental conditions which allow the use of such islets for transplantation.
      Short-term effects: Ultraviolet light affected [3H]leucine incorporation into
      (pro)insulin (5 J/cm2: 53.8%, 10 J/cm2: 41.0% of the controls) and insulin
      release was slightly reduced. 8-methoxypsoralen enhanced the irradiation effect.
      Long-term effects: A restoration of irradiation-affected beta cell function was
      detected after 5 days of culture unless the dose exceeded 2 J/cm2 (0.1 microM 8
      methoxypsoralen) or 1 J/cm2 (1 microM 8-methoxypsoralen). After functional
      restoration islets can be used for transplantation experiments.

PMID- 6433906
TI  - Insulin stimulates the dephosphorylation of phosphothreonine from fat-pad ATP
      citrate lyase.
AB  - ATP-citrate lyase is phosphorylated in vivo at three amino acid residues on two
      peptide sequences (peptides a and b). Insulin action is known to increase the
      phosphorylation of peptide a. To study the effect of insulin on peptide b
      phosphorylation ATP-citrate lyase was radiolabeled in vivo by incubating fat pads
      with 32Pi. Following "cold chase", insulin action decreased the calculated
      specific radioactivity of peptide b to less than 30% of control whereas the
      specific radioactivity of peptide a increased 5-6 fold. The insulin induced
      decrease in peptide b phosphorylation was mainly due to a decrease in
      phosphothreonine phosphorylation. Isoproterenol treatment increased peptide a
      phosphorylation 4-6 fold but did not decrease peptide b phosphorylation. Specific
      radioactivity of ATP did not change significantly with hormone treatment. These
      results suggest that insulin action increases the dephosphorylation of peptide b
      by increasing the activity of a putative phosphothreonine phosphatase.

PMID- 6433907
TI  - Deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool of mouse FM3A cell lines unaffected by mutagen
      treatment.
AB  - The size of deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool in cultured mouse FM3A cells and
      mutator mutants isolated from this cell line was determined by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography after treatment of the cells with ultraviolet light, N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or mitomycin C. The results showed that, in
      all the FM3A cell clones, no large increase in the dATP or TTP pool was induced
      after treatment, while in some cases 40-50% decrease in dCTP pool was observed.
      It is concluded that the induction of large increase in dNTP pool is not the
      general effect of the mutagens.

PMID- 6433908
TI  - Metabolism of valproic acid by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Incubation of valproic acid with rat liver microsomes led to the formation of 3-,
      4- and 5-hydroxy-valproic acid. The latter two metabolites, which have been
      characterized previously from in vivo studies, may be regarded as products of
      fatty acid omega-1 and omega hydroxylation, respectively. 3-Hydroxy-valproic
      acid, however, had been thought to derive from the beta-oxidation pathway in
      mitochondria. Conversion of valproic acid to all three metabolites in microsomes
      required NADPH (NADH was less effective), utilized molecular oxygen, was
      suppressed by inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 and was stimulated (notably at C-3
      and C-4) by phenobarbital pretreatment of the rats. It is concluded that rat
      liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 catalyzes omega-2 hydroxylation of valproic
      acid, a reaction not detected previously with fatty acids in mammalian systems,
      and that the product, 3-hydroxy-valproic acid, should not be used to assess in
      vivo metabolism of valproate via the beta-oxidation pathway.

PMID- 6433909
TI  - Dissociated regulation of growth and ornithine decarboxylase activity by estrogen
      in the rat uterus.
AB  - To evaluate the role of polyamines in mediating the effect of estrogen on growth
      of the rat uterus, we examined the effect of an irreversible inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), 5 alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), on
      estrogen-stimulated uterine growth. Estradiol alone evoked two major surges of
      ODC activity at 5 h and at 16 h, and 2-fold increases in the concentration of
      spermidine in the uterus. When DFMO was administered to either intact or
      ovariectomized immature (20 day-old) rats for 2 or 6 days prior to and then
      during the 1 or 3 days of estradiol treatment, uterine ODC activity was
      completely suppressed as was the associated increase in spermidine concentration,
      but the magnitude of uterine growth stimulated by estradiol was equally great in
      the presence or absence of DFMO. These observations suggest that although uterine
      growth stimulation by estrogen is normally accompanied by marked increases in ODC
      activity and spermidine accumulation, these changes are not essential for
      hormonally regulated uterine cell proliferation in vivo.

PMID- 6433910
TI  - T7 DNA polymerase is not a zinc-metalloenzyme and the polymerase and exonuclease
      activities are inhibited by zinc ions.
AB  - Phage T7 DNA polymerase purified to homogeneity by an antithioredoxin
      immunoadsorbent technique was resolved into its active subunits the gene 5
      protein and Escherichia coli thioredoxin by a novel technique involving
      chromatography on Sephadex G-50 at pH 11.5. Analysis of the metal content of the
      holoenzyme by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that it did not contain
      stoichiometric amounts of zinc. Determination of polymerase and exonuclease
      activities of the holoenzyme and the gene 5 protein in assay mixtures containing
      enzyme concentrations in excess of the Zn2+ concentration showed full activity.
      Addition of Zn2+ resulted in no stimulation and the activities were completely
      inhibited by 0.1 mM Zn2+. These results demonstrate that the essential T7 DNA
      polymerase is not a zinc-metalloenzyme and suggest that DNA polymerases show no
      functional requirement for Zn2+.

PMID- 6433911
TI  - Cleavage of nascent UDP glucuronosyltransferase from rat liver by dog pancreatic
      microsomes.
AB  - Antibody to mouse UDP glucuronosyltransferase, previously shown to cross-react
      with rat transferase [1], immunoadsorbed 3 electrophoretically distinct
      transferase forms from the microsomes of untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats
      and 4 forms from 3-methylcholanthrene treated animals. The forms from
      phenobarbital-treated or control animals ranged in molecular weights from 49,000
      to 52,000 daltons, and those from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats ranged from
      51,000 to 57,000 daltons. The intensity of the electrophoretic bands indicated
      that the levels of at least two forms were increased by the administration of
      either compound. In contrast, only a 52,000-dalton electrophoretic band was
      observed after immunoadsorption of in vitro translated products using poly(A) RNA
      isolated from either control, phenobarbital-, or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated
      rats. When dog pancreatic microsomes were included in the in vitro translation
      assay for either of the poly(A) RNA preparations, part of the 52,000-dalton band
      remained and a new band of about 50,000 daltons was generated. This processed
      transferase form(s) appeared to be inserted into or sequestered by the
      microsomes. These results indicate that some of the electrophoretic variants of
      rat liver transferase arise by posttranslational modifications and that at least
      one rat transferase form undergoes proteolytic cleavage of an approximate 2,000
      dalton peptide fragment during insertion into the membrane.

PMID- 6433912
TI  - The human apolipoprotein A-II gene is located on chromosome 1.
AB  - Apolipoprotein (apo) A-II is a major constituent of high density lipoproteins
      (HDL). The gene for apoA-II has been localized to the p21----qter region of
      chromosome 1 in man by Southern blot hybridization analysis of DNA from human
      mouse cell hybrids using a cloned human apoA-II cDNA probe. The regional
      assignment was established using two hybrids carrying a reciprocal translocation
      involving chromosomes 1 and 2. Comparison with previously established gene loci
      on chromosomes 1 suggests that apoA-II may reside in a conserved linkage group
      with renin and peptidase C. On the other hand, apoA-II is not linked to the apoA
      I gene, which has been localized previously to chromosome 11.

PMID- 6433913
TI  - Membrane protein carboxyl methylation does not appear to be involved in the
      response of erythrocytes to cytoskeletal stress.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of changes of human erythrocyte cell shape on the
      degree of covalent modification by carboxyl methylation of membrane cytoskeletal
      proteins. The results indicate that the cell probably does not utilize carboxyl
      methylation to respond to cytoskeletal perturbations caused by such agents as
      A23187, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and chlorpromazine, all of which are known to cause
      large changes in cell shape. Protein carboxyl methylation also remained unchanged
      in the presence of cytochalasin B, which prevents such changes in cell shape.
      These results are not consistent with a cytoskeletal regulatory role for protein
      methylation reactions in the intact erythrocyte.

PMID- 6433914
TI  - Electrolysis-mediated irreversible inactivation of lipoxygenase directed toward
      electroaffinity labelling.
AB  - Irreversible inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase-1 (SL-1) was accomplished via a
      controlled potential oxidative electrolysis of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,5-DHN)
      at +0.8 V vs SCE. The inactivation of SL-1 with this known inhibitor was greatly
      enhanced under these electrolytic conditions to which the enzyme itself was
      stable. Electrolyses were run at 0 degree C in a 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0,
      using graphite cloth electrodes. The rate of inactivation was observed to be
      limited by and dependent on the anodic oxidation of 1,5-DHN. The non-oxidizable
      (at this potential) inhibitor indomethacin was shown to protect the enzyme from
      irreversible inactivation, however, an external nucleophile (2-mercaptoethanol)
      had little effect. These initial studies support the capability of such
      electrochemical methods for the site-specific covalent modification (affinity
      labelling) of lipoxygenase, and perhaps other enzymes.

PMID- 6433915
TI  - Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) of rat heart mitochondria by
      glyburide.
AB  - The effects of the second generation sulfonylurea, glyburide, on the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDC) of rat myocardial tissue were examined
      using rat ventricular slices and isolated mitochondria. Therapeutic
      concentrations (10(-7) to 10(-6)M) of glyburide produced a 30% increase in the
      decarboxylation of [1(-14)C] pyruvate by the PDC of ventricular tissue. Addition
      of glyburide to intact rat heart mitochondria stimulated activity of the PDC in a
      time- and concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal stimulation of the enzyme
      occurred with 6 X 10(-5)M glyburide and maximal activation of the enzyme was
      achieved with 1 X 10(-4)M glyburide. At the height of stimulation, PDC activities
      were 6-fold greater than those observed under control conditions with succinate
      alone. When mitochondria were disrupted by sonication or freeze-thawing,
      glyburide produced no stimulation of pyruvate decarboxylation. We conclude that
      glyburide directly stimulates the decarboxylation of pyruvate by the PDC of the
      myocardium. Furthermore, the presence of intact mitochondria is necessary for the
      stimulatory action of glyburide on the PDC.

PMID- 6433916
TI  - Inhibition of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system by NAD+ and NADP+ in
      cell-extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri.
AB  - In cell extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri, the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase
      system with H2 as the electron donor was inhibited by NAD+ and NADP+, but NADH
      and NADPH had no effect on enzyme activity. NAD+ (4 and 8 mM) shifted the
      saturation curve for methylcoenzyme M from hyperbolic (Hill coefficient [nH] =
      1.0; concentration of substrate giving half maximal velocity [Km] = 0.21 mM) to
      sigmoidal (nH = 1.5 and 2.0), increased Km (Km = 0.25 and 0.34 mM), and slightly
      decreased Vmax. Similarly NADP+ at 4m and 8 mM increased nH to 1.6 and 1.85
      respectively, but the Km values (0.3 and 0.56 mM) indicated that NADP+ was a more
      efficient inhibitor than NAD+.

PMID- 6433917
TI  - Trapping of mannitol in rat-liver mitochondria and lysosomes.
AB  - When injected into rats, a certain amount of mannitol is taken up by the liver
      and is associated with sedimentable structures. Isopycnic centrifugation in a
      sucrose gradient shows that a large part of mannitol is present in mitochondria,
      what remains is located in the lysosomes. The hypotonic release of mannitol
      present in organelles shows that the polyol is shared between mitochondria and
      lysosomes. The trapping of mannitol in lysosomes could result from the
      heterophagic or autophagic function of the lysosomes; the mechanism of its
      accumulation in mitochondria is still unexplained.

PMID- 6433918
TI  - Vanadate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide insensitive proton extrusion from oxygen
      pulsed cells of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans.
AB  - Oxygen pulses applied to dark anaerobic suspensions of Anacystis nidulans
      provoked immediate acidification of the external medium. The reaction was
      inhibited only 75% by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3
      diazole at concentrations which completely arrested all oxidative
      phosphorylation. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone eliminated the
      acidification of oxygen pulsed cell suspensions while ortho-vanadate and
      diethylstilbestrol had no effect. No lag occurred between the onset of
      respiration and proton extrusion. H+/O ratios were 4.1 +/- 0.5 in the absence,
      and 1.9 +/- 0.4 in the presence, of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These results are
      consistent with a recently described proton-translocating aa3-type cytochrome c
      oxidase (H+/O = 1.6 +/- 0.4) in the cell membrane of A. nidulans (G.A. Peschek,
      J. Bacteriol. 153 (1983) 539-542).

PMID- 6433919
TI  - Transcriptional control of human diploid fibroblast collagen synthesis by gamma
      interferon.
AB  - Recombinant gamma-interferon (rec gamma-IFN) caused potent inhibition of collagen
      synthesis by cultured confluent human diploid fibroblasts in a dose-dependent
      manner. Gel electrophoresis of the newly synthesized proteins from the culture
      media of rec gamma-IFN-treated fibroblasts demonstrated a selective depression of
      procollagen without a significant change in non-collagenous proteins. Dot blot
      hybridization to a Type I procollagen cDNA probe showed that the inhibition of
      collagen production was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of collagen mRNA.
      These results indicate that rec gamma-IFN is capable of exerting transcriptional
      modulation of collagen biosynthesis and suggest that it may play an important
      role in regulation of normal and pathologic fibrogenesis.

PMID- 6433920
TI  - Diacylglycerols enhance human neutrophil degranulation responses: relevancy to a
      multiple mediator hypothesis of cell function.
AB  - At 10 microM, 1-0-oleoyl-, 1-0-palmitoyl-, and 1-0-myristoyl-2-0-acetyl-glycerol
      weakly stimulated neutrophils to release lysozyme, an enzyme in secondary
      granules, but had no such effect on the release of a primary granule enzyme, beta
      glucuronidase. The glycerides (1-10 microM) had a second effect on both granule
      populations: they enhanced the degranulating potencies of leukotriene B4,
      platelet-activating factor, a formylated oligopeptide, and C5a by 10- to 30-fold.
      In contrast, they were much less effective in enhancing responses to ionophore
      A23187 and partially inhibited responses to phorbol myristate acetate. The
      diether analogue, 1-0-hexadecyl-2-0-ethylglycerol was inactive in these regards.
      We suggest that diacylglycerols are a novel class of bioactive products mobilized
      from phosphoglycerides in stimulated neutrophils; as co-products of this
      mobilization, platelet-activating factor and leukotriene B4 may interact with
      diacylglycerols to promote cell function.

PMID- 6433921
TI  - Synthesis of the disaccharide 6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      galactose using immobilized beta-galactosidase.
AB  - The disaccharide 6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose has
      been synthesized by transfer of the beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue from lactose
      to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose utilizing the transferase activity of beta
      galactosidase from E. coli. To make the enzyme reusable, it was applied in an
      immobilized form covalently bound to Sepharose CL-4B. The yield of the
      disaccharide was about 20%, calculated on the amount of acetamido-deoxy-D
      galactose added. The disaccharide could also be obtained by reversal of the
      hydrolytic activity of the enzyme, using D-galactose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      galactose as substrate. The yield in this reaction, however, was only 2-3% under
      the conditions applied.

PMID- 6433922
TI  - ATP-dependence of 125I-insulin binding by rat soleus muscle.
AB  - Muscle ATP levels were lowered by incubating rat soleus muscles under anaerobic
      conditions, or in the presence of 2:4-dinitrophenol (0.5 mM), EDTA (5 mM) or
      mannitol (400 mM). 125I-insulin binding, measured under equilibrium conditions at
      25 degrees C, was reduced by 49-71% in ATP-depleted muscles. Insulin binding was
      also determined using two other procedures which minimized internalization of
      125I-insulin: these were (a) 5 min at 25 degrees C, and (b) 24 h at 3 degrees C.
      Under these conditions, 125I-insulin binding was reduced by 28-55% in ATP
      depleted muscles. These results confirm that in soleus muscle the effect of ATP
      depletion on 125I-insulin binding is actually concerned with the binding step
      itself and not merely a reflection of ATP-dependent internalization of the bound
      hormone.

PMID- 6433923
TI  - Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 from kidney cortex microsomes of rabbits
      treated with phenobarbital.
AB  - Two distinct forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450), referred to as P-450a and P-450b,
      were separated and purified from kidney cortex microsomes of rabbits treated with
      phenobarbital. P-450a had a monomeric molecular weight of 53,000, and its CO
      reduced difference spectral peak was at 450 nm. It catalyzed the omega
      hydroxylation of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), and the omega- and (omega-1)
      hydroxylation of myristate, but it was inactive toward exogenous compounds
      tested. On the other hand, P-450b had a monomeric molecular weight of 49,000, and
      its CO-reduced difference spectral peak was at 451 nm. This cytochrome was not
      able to hydroxylate PGA1 at all. It hydroxylated myristate much more slowly than
      P-450a, and preferentially at the (omega-1)-position. Unlike P-450a, P-450b
      efficiently metabolized exogenous compounds such as benzphetamine, aminopyrine, 7
      ethoxycoumarin and p-nitroanisole. It is suggested that P-450a and P-450b are
      specialized for the metabolism of PGA1 and exogenous compounds, respectively, in
      kidney cortex microsomes.

PMID- 6433924
TI  - Soluble and particulate forms of muscle alkaline proteinase show differential
      sensitivity to endogenous inhibitor(s).
AB  - Membrane-free washed myofibrils derived from rat skeletal muscle homogenates
      contained a chymostatin-sensitive protease(s) which acted on associated
      myofibrillar proteins, at an optimum pH of 8.5, much less rapidly at low ionic
      strength (insoluble myofilaments) than at high salt concentrations (solubilized
      proteins). When the myofibrillar fraction was added to the particle-free cytosol
      prepared from the muscle extracts, proteins of the cytosol were also degraded,
      but the activity in this case was much more pronounced at low ionic strength.
      This was because inhibitor(s) of the proteinase present in the cytosol fraction
      were only effective at high ionic strength when all the myofibrillar (and
      associated) proteins were in solution. The protease was separated from the bulk
      of the myofibrillar proteins by gel chromatography at high ionic strength. On
      dialysis against a low-salt buffer, part of the enzyme was precipitated. The
      putative cytosolic inhibitor(s) were again only effective on the soluble enzyme
      at high ionic strength.

PMID- 6433925
TI  - Induction of beta-galactosidase in beta-galactosidase-alpha-neuraminidase
      deficiency: effects of leupeptin and sucrose.
AB  - beta-Galactosidase was normalized by a serine-thiol protease inhibitor, leupeptin
      with concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients
      with beta-galactosidase-alpha-neuraminidase deficiency (beta-Gal-/Neu-). The
      induction of this enzyme was not observed in normal cells. Because the enzymic
      activity of cathepsin B1 increased significantly both in beta-Gal-/Neu- and
      normal cells by leupeptin loading, the restoration of beta-galactosidase in beta
      Gal-/Neu- cells can not be explained by the theory that leupeptin inhibited
      intracellular degradation of beta-galactosidase molecules. The effects of
      leupeptin and sucrose on lysosomal hydrolase induction were compared.

PMID- 6433926
TI  - Purification of C-reactive protein.
AB  - A concise method was designed for preparation of C-reactive protein (CRP) from
      pleural effusion. By addition of L-alpha-lecithin to the pleural effusion in the
      presence of calcium ions, a flocculence of the CRP-lecithin complex formed.
      Subsequent treatment of the CRP-lecithin complex with chloroform and sodium
      citrate buffer enabled extraction of the CRP in the buffer layer. This extracted
      CRP was further purified by sequential treatment on column chromatography of DEAE
      cellulose (DE52) and gel filtration using Sephacryl S-300. The isolated protein
      was proved to be native CRP with a high degree of purity, as determined by
      electrophoretical and immunological analysis. The yield was 41.8% recovery from
      the starting material. E1%(280) of the CRP preparation was estimated to be 18.75.

PMID- 6433927
TI  - Essential arginine residues for catalytic and regulatory functions of alpha
      ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from pigeon breast muscle.
AB  - The number of arginine residues of pigeon breast muscle alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase modified by 2,3-butanedione and 2,4-pentanedione was determined. It
      was shown that two of the 40 arginine residues in the enzyme monomer (Mr =
      86,000) are accessible to the action of dicarbonyl compounds and are functionally
      significant. The protective effect of alpha-ketoglutarate and ADP against enzyme
      modification by 2,3-butanedione suggests the participation of alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase arginine residues in the binding of substrate and allosteric
      activator, ADP.

PMID- 6433928
TI  - On the inhibition of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens
      by adenosine nucleotides and metal ion complexes.
AB  - The flavoprotein p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase is inhibited by adenosine
      nucleotides, Cibacron blue, phosphate ions and metal ion complexes. The
      inhibition of the enzyme is competitive with respect to NADPH. The most potent
      inhibitors of the enzyme are Cibacron blue and the metal ion complexes whereas
      the inhibition by the adenosine nucleotides is comparable to that by halogen
      ions. Some inhibitors cause quenching of the fluorescence emission of the protein
      bound prosthetic group or perturb the absorption spectrum of the enzyme in the
      visible region allowing determination of the dissociation constant of the
      interaction between the free or the substrate-complexed enzyme and the
      inhibitors. The inhibition constants are in good agreement with the dissociation
      constants.

PMID- 6433929
TI  - The amine oxidase of human blood lymphocytes and granulocytes.
AB  - The deamination of some monoamines in human blood lymphocytes and granulocytes is
      dependent on the presence of two different enzymes: a mitochondrial (type B)
      monoamine oxidase and a "benzylamine oxidase" similar to the plasma BAO which is
      inhibited by semicarbazide and resistant to clorgyline.

PMID- 6433930
TI  - Regulation of muscle phosphorylase kinase by actin and calmodulin.
AB  - The activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase b by actin has been studied. F
      actin which is polymerized by 2 mM MgCl2 is a more effective activator of
      phosphorylase kinase than F-actin polymerized by 50 mM KCl. There is evidence
      suggesting that the activation of phosphorylase kinase by actin is not due to
      trace contamination of actin preparations with calmodulin: (1) Troponin I and
      trifluoperazine inhibit the activation of phosphorylase kinase by calmodulin but
      do not inhibit the activation of phosphorylase kinase by F-actin. (2) The
      activation induced by saturating concentrations of calmodulin and actin is
      additive both at pH 8.2 and at pH 6.8. (3) The activation of phosphorylase kinase
      by calmodulin and actin has different pH profiles. An addition of F-actin does
      not affect the apparent Km value for ATP but increases the sensitivity to
      phosphorylase b and the value of Vmax.

PMID- 6433931
TI  - The role of cysteinyl residues in the phosphorylase kinase activity as revealed
      by iodacetamide modification.
AB  - In native nonactivated phosphorylase kinase [14C] iodacetamide interacts with 50
      cysteinyl residues per enzyme molecule (alpha beta gamma delta)4. According to
      their reactivity towards iodacetamide these residues can be classified into 3
      groups. The most reactive cysteinyl residues are involved in the enzyme
      activation caused by modification of SH-groups. The enzyme inhibition is
      biphasic. The fast and slow inactivation reactions follow the pseudo-first order
      kinetics. The rate of inactivation is increased by Ca2+. Mg-ATP effectively
      protects the enzyme against the inactivation and chemical modification of three
      SH-groups per protomer (apha beta gamma delta). The kinetics of inactivation and
      of the [14C] iodacetamide label incorporation demonstrate that two cysteinyl
      residues per enzyme protomer (alpha beta gamma delta) are essential for the
      enzyme activity. These residues are located near the ATP-binding site of the beta
      and gamma subunits of phosphorylase kinase.

PMID- 6433932
TI  - The primary structure of ribonuclease F1 from Fusarium moniliforme.
AB  - The primary structure of ribonuclease F1, the guanine specific ribonuclease from
      Fusarium moniliforme, has been determined. Ribonuclease F1 consists of 106 amino
      acid residues and has a molecular weight of 10,980. It has a pyroglutamyl residue
      at the N-terminus. Comparison of the primary structures of four fungal
      ribonucleases so far sequenced shows that the amino acid sequences around the
      assumed active site residues are indeed well conserved. However, structurally
      important half cystine residues are arranged variously.

PMID- 6433933
TI  - Reformation of reduced disulfide bonds of pepsinogen and pepsin: role of the
      phosphate group.
AB  - Reduction of the disulfide bonds in pepsinogen and pepsin with 2-mercaptoethanol
      eliminated the proteolytic activity of the enzyme and the potential proteolytic
      activity of the zymogen. Removal of the reducing agent followed by airation
      resulted in reformation of the disulfide bonds in the phospho-forms of pepsinogen
      and pepsin, but not in the dephospho-forms. To account for the role of the
      phosphate group in the stabilization of the native conformation even at reduced
      states of the zymogen and the enzyme, it is suggested that the group which is
      linked to the seryl residue is also linked to another amino acid residue in the
      form of anhydride, hydrogen bond(s), or/and ionic interaction.

PMID- 6433934
TI  - An anion binding site in the active centre of phospholipase C from Bacillus
      cereus.
AB  - The bi-Zn2+-enzyme phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) is readilly inhibited by
      univalent anions. N.m.r. studies on the 113Cd-substituted enzyme showed the
      presence of an inert and a perturbable metal, neither of which seemed affected by
      I-. X-ray crystallographic analysis showed the binding of one I- to the enzyme
      4.8 A from the nearest metal (too far for a metal-halide bond). Phospholipase C
      contains an arginine residue apparently necessary for substrate binding and I-
      partially protected against inactivation by an arginine reagent. Thus an arginine
      residue may represent the binding site for univalent anions in the enzyme active
      centre.

PMID- 6433935
TI  - Decrease in phosphatidylserine synthesis in brain microsomes of Shambling mutant
      mouse.
AB  - In the brain microsomes of the ataxic Shambling mutant mouse, the rate of
      phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis was decreased to 60%, and that in the
      heterozygous nonataxic mutant, to 80%, of the control. By introducing calmodulin
      to the PS synthetic system, it was concluded that the decrease in PS synthesis in
      the ataxic mutant mouse corresponded to the amount of calmodulin-sensitive PS
      synthesis in control brain microsomes. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which
      is known to enhance locomotion of animals, also enhanced the rate of PS synthesis
      to compensate for the genetic defect in the rate of PS synthesis in vitro.

PMID- 6433936
TI  - The heterogeneity and acceptor specificity of human serum galactosyltransferase.
AB  - Human serum was fractionated by high resolution agarose isoelectricfocusing and
      the galactosyltransferase activity profile was determined using the ovalbumin,
      mucin, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine acceptor assays. The four acceptors gave
      very similar activity profiles. There were minor quantitative differences in some
      of the 12 or more peaks of activity detected and the only qualitative difference
      between them was a minor peak at pH 3.90 (2% of the total activity) which reacted
      only with the mucin acceptor. This suggests that most of the isoenzymes of human
      serum galactosyltransferase have broad and similar acceptor specificities and
      that the heterogeneity seen in serum cannot be accounted for by acceptor-specific
      forms of the enzyme.

PMID- 6433937
TI  - A new serologic marker in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Sera of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were screened for the presence
      of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence staining of polytene chromosomes of
      Drosophila melanogaster. Thirty-nine percent of the sera tested contained
      antibodies which selectively reacted with an antigen(s) present at the
      chromosomal locus 93D after heat shock treatment. This indicates a novel antibody
      specificity in a subgroup of AS patients and may provide a new aid in the
      diagnosis of AS.

PMID- 6433938
TI  - Decreased pokeweed mitogen-induced IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor synthesis in
      rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with gold sodium thiomalate or
      penicillamine.
AB  - Prospective and retrospective analysis of data obtained on 119 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis suggested a relationship between clinical response induced
      by gold salts or D-penicillamine and decreased in vitro antibody synthesis by
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A subgroup of 21 patients with inactive
      disease receiving these drugs was found to have decreased pokeweed mitogen
      induced in vitro synthesis of IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor. Detailed analysis of
      the cellular mechanisms responsible for this decreased responsiveness
      demonstrated markedly decreased B cell function. Patients treated with D
      penicillamine also had altered T cell helper function manifested by incomplete
      reconstitution of the normal IgM response, while patients treated with gold salts
      had normal T cell function. Monocytes appeared not to have a major role in the
      decreased in vitro responsiveness. The results suggest that, in patients who
      respond to gold salts or D-penicillamine, antibody synthesis by circulating B
      cells is profoundly decreased, probably due to an indirect effect of these
      disease-modifying agents.

PMID- 6433939
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein changes during abstinence in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - Plasma lipoprotein changes during a 2-week period of abstinence were followed in
      6 male, chronic alcoholics without evidence of severe liver disease and with
      initial HDL cholesterol (HDL-CH) greater than 60 mg/dl. Fasting blood samples
      were obtained on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of the study. Reference data were obtained
      from healthy non-alcoholic normolipidemic men who had abstained from alcohol for
      10 days. At day 1, plasma- and HDL-CH (by the heparin-Mn2+ technique) were 17 and
      69% higher, respectively, than those of controls. During abstinence, VLDL-CH
      increased 52% whereas HDL-CH decreased 30% compared to day 1 values. (IDL + LDL)
      CH increased during abstinence to levels 33% higher than that of controls.
      Plasma, SF greater than 400, VLDL- and d greater than 1.006 g/ml-triglycerides
      (TG) were not significantly different from those of the control group. Only the d
      greater than 1.006 g/ml-TG showed a significant effect of abstinence, increasing
      by 37%. Initial plasma and d greater than 1.006 g/ml-phospholipid (PL)
      concentrations were 17 and 31% higher, respectively, than those of controls; and
      the latter was the only fraction to change significantly with abstinence,
      decreasing by 13%. Density gradient ultracentrifugation was employed to further
      resolve the d greater than 1.006 g/ml fraction into IDL, LDL, HDL and VHDL
      subfractions. Initial levels of IDL- and LDL-CH and -PL in the alcoholic group
      did not differ from those of controls. IDL-CH and -PL were invariant during
      abstinence, whereas LDL-CH and -PL levels increased 38 and 28%, during this
      period. Apo A-I, CH and PL contained in the 'lighter' density HDL region of the
      gradient (d = 1.063-1.125 g/ml) were 70-108% increased over the corresponding
      parameters for controls; and with abstinence decreased 30-40% between days 1 and
      14. CH and PL in the 'heavier' density HDL region (d = 1.125-1.21 g/ml) were 30%
      increased over those of controls, while apo A-I levels were similar to controls.
      During abstinence, 'heavy' HDL-CH, -PL and -apo A-I decreased 25% compared to day
      1 values. Inspection of 'difference' density gradient plots indicated that the
      dominant decrease in HDL occurred in the 'light' HDL subspecies in only one-half
      of the subjects. Other investigators have reported a preferential decrease in
      'light' HDL subspecies during abstinence in chronic alcoholics, and have related
      the decrease to decreased TG turnover. We conclude that additional mechanisms
      related to the synthesis and/or catabolism of HDL may need to be considered in
      explaining decreases in HDL subspecies in alcoholics during abstinence.

PMID- 6433940
TI  - Clinical stage and immunological findings in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The total and T-lymphocyte counts, different types of lymphocytic surface
      immunoglobulins and levels of serum immunoglobulins were studied in 112
      consecutive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in order to investigate
      possible correlations between the immunological picture and the different stages
      according to the staging criteria recently proposed by Binet et al. Patients were
      also subdivided according to the form of their disease, "indolent" or "active",
      and correlations with the immunological picture investigated. The total
      lymphocyte count showed a significantly increasing trend through the three
      different stage (p less than 0.01), and it was higher in the "active" than in the
      "indolent" disease (p less than 0.01). Also the number of T-lymphocytes increased
      in the "active" forms (p less than 0.01). No statistically significant
      correlations were observed between the different surface immunoglobulin
      subclasses and the clinical pattern. As regard the various classes of serum
      immunoglobulins, the number of patients, with a reduction of at least one of the
      classes tended to increase with worsening of the clinical stage.

PMID- 6433941
TI  - [Fourier harmonic analysis of the sagittal profile of the Plesianthropus
      transvaalensis (STS5) skull].
AB  - An analytical morphometrical investigation of fronto facial profile of
      Plesianthropus transvaalensis was carried out by means of Fourier spectral
      series. Amplitude of contributors was evaluated in comparison with harmonic sets
      of a modern skull and two "mosaics" obtained by a convenient merging of segments
      of modern and hominid skull profiles. Patterns are distinctly different in
      Plesianthropus and modern profile because amplitude of second harmonic is greater
      than first in the former and viceversa in the latter; moreover while in
      Plesianthropus first and second harmonic give the same phase, it does not occur
      for modern skull. Fourier series of "mosaic" obtained by frontal profile of
      Plesianthropus and facial profile of modern resembles the set of modern skull
      while "mosaic" of modern frontal profile and hominid facial one resembles closely
      pattern of Plesianthropus.

PMID- 6433942
TI  - Changes in circulating iodothyronines in diabetics with various degrees of
      metabolic control.
AB  - Plasma TSH, total and free T3 and T4, reverse T3, blood pH, HbAlc, ketonuria and
      glycosuria were evaluated in 8 subjects with diabetic ketoacidosis, in 54
      diabetics of group 1 and group 2 without severe metabolic derangement and in 10
      control women. The diabetics with ketoacidosis showed before intensive therapy
      low T3, total and free, and high reverse T3 concentrations as compared to
      controls (unpaired t-test, p less than 0.001). After one day of intensive therapy
      the decrease of hyperglycemia and pH increase (p less than 0.001, paired t-test),
      glycosuria and ketonuria are not related to significant variations of
      iodothyronines and TSH. The significant variations (paired t-test, p less than
      0.001) in total and free T3 and in reverse T3 concentrations were found only six
      days after remission of ketoacidosis. In diabetics (type 1 and 2) without recent
      history of ketoacidosis no differences were found in mean total and free T3 and
      T4, in reverse T3 and in plasma concentrations although mean blood glucose and
      HbAlc were statistically different (t-test, p less than 0.001). The changes in
      serum T3 (total and free) and reverse T3 are useful indicators of total metabolic
      control during the management of diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6433943
TI  - The main causes of death in malnutrition.
AB  - The great killers in the developing countries are the classical contagious
      diseases and diarrhoea. The high incidence of these diseases is mainly due to the
      enormously increased exposure to infectious agents in a milieu of incredibly low
      hygienic standards. Malnutrition on the other hand, is responsible for the long
      duration and the often malignant course of these diseases. Undermined immunity in
      malnutrition may lead to septicaemia. Diarrhoea, besides the danger of
      hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, acceleration of the wasting process may lead to
      hypovolaemic shock. Other types of circulatory disturbance are caused by very low
      serum albumin values, by the overloading of the wasted heart by fluid, by hight
      salt or calorie intake. Further dangers are hypoglycaemia and hypothermia. The
      briefly summarized dangers can rather exceptionally also be encountered in the
      advanced countries. Malnutrition in these parts of the world is brought about by
      organic diseases, by intractable diarrhoea or by psychologic disturbances.

PMID- 6433944
TI  - Blood levels of total carnitine and lipid utilization with and without carnitine
      supplementation in newborn infants.
AB  - Postnatal changes of the plasma carnitine level were compared in orally and
      parenterally fed newborn infants. As expected, in contrast to the increasing
      plasma level of carnitine in infants fed with human milk, a gradual and
      significant fall was observed during parenteral feeding. Next, the effect of
      carnitine supplementation on the elimination rate of an Intralipid load was
      tested. The increased disappearance rate of triglycerides associated with the
      exogenously administered carnitine suggested an increased lipid utilization
      during the carnitine supplemented period of parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6433945
TI  - Setting calcium hydroxide base materials. Studies on their antibacterial effects
      in vitro.

PMID- 6433946
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease with the
      nuclear probe during intervention studies.
AB  - The nuclear probe was used for measuring left ventricular function in 11 normal
      subjects and the results compared with those using a digital gammacamera. The
      probe was then used to measure left ventricular function in patients with
      coronary artery disease during dynamic exercise and stress atrial pacing. The
      ability of the probe to detect changes induced by glyceryl trinitrate was also
      evaluated in separate parallel studies. In the 11 normal subjects there was a
      good correlation between the left ventricular ejection fraction measured by the
      gammacamera and the nuclear probe both at rest and during exercise. Exercise
      increased this value by at least 5% in all normal subjects during measurements
      with both the gammacamera and the nuclear probe. The mean (SD) difference was 
      0.3% (2.60) at rest and 2.3% (5.02) at peak exercise. Both exercise and pacing
      produced angina in the patient group and the mean (SEM) value fell from 52% (3.5)
      to 28% (2.6) and from 46% (5.1) to 34% (3.2) respectively. Glyceryl trinitrate
      prolonged the exercise and pacing times, and the corresponding falls in ejection
      fraction were significantly reduced. The non-imaging nuclear probe is a cheap and
      portable instrument capable of assessing left ventricular function in patients
      with cardiac disease. It is designed for high count rate acquisition over a short
      period of time and can thus provide both beat to beat and summated left
      ventricular time activity curves suitable for quantitative analysis. It therefore
      has important advantages in the clinical setting and during controlled
      interventions compared with the gammacameras.

PMID- 6433947
TI  - Isoflurane and cranial extradural pressure. A study in neurosurgical patients.
AB  - The effect of isoflurane on cranial extradural pressure (EDP) was studied in 10
      patients. In eight patients with normal intracranial pressure, the addition of
      1.0% isoflurane to nitrous oxide plus fentanyl in oxygen anaesthesia, at
      physiological carbon dioxide tensions, did not cause any significant change in
      EDP; 1.5% resulted in a small but significant increase. In two patients with
      clinical evidence of increased intracranial pressure isoflurane decreased EDP
      during the administration of isoflurane. In all patients, hyperventilation (3.2%
      carbon dioxide concentration) decreased EDP rapidly. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
      was decreased significantly at the higher isoflurane concentration. It was
      concluded that use of isoflurane is not contraindicated in patients with mass
      lesions, either at normocapnic or hypocapnic concentrations of carbon dioxide and
      would appear to be suitable for use in neurosurgical anaesthesia.

PMID- 6433948
TI  - Early extubation of the trachea after open heart surgery for congenital heart
      disease. A review of 3 years' experience.
AB  - The results of early extubation after open heart surgery for congenital heart
      disease in 209 consecutive patients have been reviewed. No patient younger than 3
      months of age, 52% of those between 3 and 12 months, and 88% of those older than
      12 months had the tracheal tube removed in the operating theatre. Four patients
      required reintubation of the trachea, three because of respiratory difficulty and
      one because of cerebral oedema. There were two deaths in the extubated group.
      Twelve patients had PaO2 values less than 8.0 kPa after operation, despite
      adequate oxygen therapy. In four of these, this was related to persistent
      intracardiac shunting. It is concluded that early extubation after open heart
      surgery for congenital heart disease has minimal risk in carefully selected
      patients.

PMID- 6433949
TI  - In vitro interaction of diazepam and oxazepam with pancuronium and suxamethonium.
AB  - In vitro studies using the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation were
      performed to investigate the effects of diazepam and three of its metabolites on
      indirectly evoked twitch tension. Diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and temazepam alone
      caused an increase in twitch tension in lower concentrations, followed by
      complete depression in higher concentrations. Oxazepam did not cause an initial
      increase in twitch tension, but showed an immediate and dose-dependent
      depression. Cumulative concentration-response curves for pancuronium and
      suxamethonium in the presence of different concentrations of diazepam or oxazepam
      showed that small concentrations of diazepam, which did not change twitch tension
      alone, caused antagonism of the action of pancuronium, but not of suxamethonium.
      With oxazepam no such antagonism was observed. In liminal and supraliminal
      concentrations, both diazepam and oxazepam potentiated the action of pancuronium
      and suxamethonium. Possible implications for in vivo interactions are discussed.

PMID- 6433950
TI  - Antagonism of the effects of midazolam on phrenic nerve activity in the dog by Ro
      15-1788 and Ro 15-3505.
AB  - Experiments were performed on 14 anaesthetized, artifically ventilated dogs, in
      which efferent activity in the phrenic nerve was recorded and blood-gas tensions,
      arterial pH and core temperature were controlled. Doses of midazolam between 0.2
      mg kg-1 and 2 mg kg-1 abolished phrenic nerve activity for periods between 30 and
      90 min. Ro 15-1788 in doses between 0.06 mg kg-1 and 1 mg kg-1 and Ro 15-3505 0.2
      2 mg kg-1 reversed the effects of midazolam on phrenic nerve activity. Prior
      administration of these drugs either abolished or greatly inhibited the action of
      midazolam. When the preparations were observed for up to 2 h, there was no
      evidence of return of the action of midazolam, suggesting that both antagonists
      had a duration of action at least as long as that of midazolam.

PMID- 6433951
TI  - Foam elastomer and gauze dressings in the management of open perineal wounds: a
      cost-effectiveness study.

PMID- 6433952
TI  - Sustained release theophyllines: factors influencing disposition and therapeutic
      effect. Proceedings of a symposium. Koln, West Germany, 13 April 1984.

PMID- 6433953
TI  - Inter- and intra-subject variability in theophylline pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 6433954
TI  - Circadian variation in the absorption of three sustained release theophylline
      products in asthmatic children and the effect of food on absorption of
      Somophyllin-CRT.

PMID- 6433955
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of theophylline in children.

PMID- 6433956
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline.

PMID- 6433957
TI  - Food and fasting intake of sustained release theophylline preparations.

PMID- 6433958
TI  - Clinical aspects of sustained release theophylline therapy: chairman's opening
      remarks.

PMID- 6433959
TI  - In vitro modelling and its relation to in vivo absorption.

PMID- 6433960
TI  - A comparison of the plasma profiles of two slow release theophylline preparations
      in asthmatic patients and healthy volunteers.

PMID- 6433961
TI  - Assessment of a sustained release capsule and a tablet formulation of
      theophylline.

PMID- 6433962
TI  - Dose-effect relationship of a controlled release theophylline preparation in pre
      school children.

PMID- 6433963
TI  - Circadian rhythms in theophylline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in
      asthmatic children.

PMID- 6433964
TI  - Use of sustained release Somophyllin-12 capsules in young asthmatic children.

PMID- 6433965
TI  - Bioavailability of Somophyllin-CRT capsules.

PMID- 6433966
TI  - Use of a superactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist in the
      treatment of menorrhagia.
AB  - A luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist, D-Ser(But)6des Gly10-LHRH
      ethylamide, was administered intranasally to four women with unexplained
      ovulatory menorrhagia. Dramatic reductions in excessive menstrual blood losses
      were induced without significant side-effects, although the pattern of loss
      returned to pretreatment levels within 2 months of ceasing therapy.

PMID- 6433967
TI  - Traumatic coma during pregnancy with persistent vegetative state. Case report.

PMID- 6433968
TI  - Measurement of short-term changes in the fat content of the body: a comparison of
      three methods in patients receiving intravenous nutrition.
AB  - Three methods of measuring changes in body fat were compared in seventeen
      patients undergoing a 2-week course of intravenous nutrition. Patients received
      all nutrition intravenously at a steady rate of infusion, calculated to supply
      energy at a rate equal to 1.5 times the resting metabolic expenditure measured
      before feeding. Fat change was estimated from measurements of skinfold thickness,
      by isotopic methods (neutron-activation analysis and dilution of tritiated water)
      and by daily analysis of expired gases. The mean (with 1 SEM) gain in fat over
      the 2-week period was 1.14 (0.30) kg for skinfold measurement, 0.53 (0.62) kg for
      isotopic determination and 1.29 (0.22) kg for expired-gas analysis. There were no
      significant differences between the mean gains in fat measured by the three
      methods. The results show that expired-gas analysis is the most sensitive
      technique, measuring change in fat content with an estimated precision of 0.26
      kg. The isotopic method is less sensitive, with a precision of 2.38 kg, but
      provides a detailed description of body composition. In contrast to these highly
      specialized techniques, both of which have limited application, the simple
      technique of measurement of skinfolds occupies an intermediate position of
      sensitivity, with a precision for measuring change in fat content of 0.85 kg, and
      also has the potential to measure total body fat content.

PMID- 6433969
TI  - Nutritional availability of amino acids from protein cross-linked to protect
      against degradation in the rumen.
AB  - Casein was labelled with pairs of radioactive amino acids, lysine, tyrosine and
      leucine, one with 14C and the other with 3H, by jugular infusion into lactating
      goats followed by isolation of the double-labelled casein from the milk. Total
      milk protein was similarly labelled by jugular infusion of [35S]cystine. U-14C
      labelled fraction-1 leaf protein was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa)
      grown in an atmosphere of 14CO2. The proteins were treated with different levels
      (333 and 667 mmol/kg protein) of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal.
      Absorption from the small intestine was measured in sheep with fistulas in the
      abomasum and terminal ileum, using Cr-EDTA as the digesta flow marker, by
      introducing radioactive casein into the abomasum. Lysine, tyrosine and cystine
      became increasingly unavailable for absorption from the small intestine of sheep
      with increasing levels of aldehyde. At the lower level (333 mmol/kg) the
      proportions of the amino acids that were unavailable were 0.192, 0.051 and 0.123
      respectively. At the higher level of formaldehyde (667 mmol/kg) the corresponding
      values were 0.335, 0.201 and 0.432 respectively. Leucine was not made unavailable
      with formaldehyde. The proportions of lysine, tyrosine and leucine that were
      unavailable were higher, on a molar basis, after treatment of the proteins with
      the dialdehydes glutaraldehyde and glyoxal than after treatment with
      formaldehyde. However, the extent of protein protection provided by the
      dialdehydes in the rumen, measured using an in vitro procedure, was lower.

PMID- 6433970
TI  - Methane formation in faunated and ciliate-free cattle and its relationship with
      rumen volatile fatty acid proportions.
AB  - Twelve steers fitted with rumen cannulas were used in three separate experiments
      to investigate the effects of the presence or absence of rumen ciliate protozoa
      on methane production. The diet consisted of 850 g barley and 150 g protein
      supplement/kg, and was given in three feeds daily at a restricted level of 61
      g/kg live weight 0.75. Animals were defaunated initially by allowing ad lib.
      consumption of this diet and were then maintained ciliate-free by isolation or
      were faunated by inoculation with a mixed ciliate suspension. Samples of rumen
      fluid were taken routinely for the assessment of microbial populations and for
      volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis and energy and nitrogen balances and
      digestibility measurements were made at intervals while animals were confined in
      respiration chambers. In each experiment the rumen VFA proportions changed from a
      high-propionate pattern under ciliate-free conditions to a low-propionate, high
      butyrate pattern in the presence of ciliates: differences between treatments were
      highly significant (P less than 0.001). There were also marked differences
      between treatments in CH4 production but a reliable comparison was possible only
      in Expt 3, in which CH4 was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the
      presence of a rumen ciliate population. In Expt 3 the increased loss of energy as
      CH4 in the faunated animals amounted to 4.8 MJ/100 MJ energy intake.
      Stoichiometric estimates of CH4 production derived from the observed VFA
      proportions showed good agreement with CH4 production as measured in respiration
      chambers. On average, the stoichiometric CH4 values overestimated CH4 production
      by a factor of 1.08. Highly significant linear relationships (P less than 0.001)
      were observed between the molar proportion of each major VFA and the quantity of
      CH4 produced: the proportion of propionic acid was inversely related to CH4 and
      showed the lowest residual standard deviation of all the relationships examined.
      The losses of energy in faeces and urine did not differ between treatments hence
      the increased loss of energy as CH4 in the faunated animals resulted in a
      significant reduction in the metabolizability of the diet from 0.73 to 0.69 (P
      less than 0.05). No significant differences were detected between treatments in
      heat production, apparent digestibility coefficients or N balance. It is
      suggested that the rumen ciliates, by modifying the rumen VFA proportions, are
      directly responsible for the increased CH4 production in faunated animals.

PMID- 6433971
TI  - The effect of formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde application to lucerne before
      ensiling on silage fermentation and silage N digestion in sheep.
AB  - The primary growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa) was ensiled after treatment with
      either formic acid alone (4.1 litres/t; silage F) or with formic acid and either
      formaldehyde (30.5 g/kg crude protein (nitrogen X 6.25; CP); silage FF),
      glutaraldehyde (44.2 g/kg CP; silage FG) or a mixture of the two aldehydes at
      approximately half their individual application rates (silage FFG). Compared with
      formic acid alone, both formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde reduced protein breakdown
      and carbohydrate fermentation during ensiling. The extent of protein protection
      afforded within the silo was similar for the two aldehydes, whereas formaldehyde
      was more effective in restricting carbohydrate fermentation. The effect of
      treatment FFG on silage fermentation was confounded by the silo bag bursting and
      the development of a clostridial-type fermentation. All aldehyde treatments
      reduced silage soluble-N content but N disappearance when the silages were
      incubated in polyester bags in the rumen was high for all silages and reductions
      due to the aldehydes were small. Silage digestion was studied in four mature
      sheep each fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal
      duodenum and distal ileum. The apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) in
      the whole tract was reduced (P less than 0.05) to a similar extent by both
      aldehydes, whereas rumen OM digestion was reduced (P less than 0.05) more by
      glutaraldehyde than by formaldehyde. The effects on digestion appeared to be due
      to the action of the aldehydes on the foods rather than to any adverse influences
      of the aldehydes on the metabolism of the rumen microbes because, although rumen
      ammonia levels were lower (P less than 0.05) when the aldehyde-treated silages
      were given, rumen casein-degrading activity, the degradation of different
      feedstuffs when incubated in polyester bags in the rumen and microbial N flow at
      the duodenum did not differ (P greater than 0.05) between silages. All aldehyde
      treatments decreased (P less than 0.05) the apparent digestibility of N in the
      whole tract. Silage N degradability in the rumen was also decreased (P less than
      0.05) from 0.82 for silage F to 0.67, 0.60 and 0.62 for silages FF, FG and FFG
      respectively, and consequently non-ammonia-N (NAN) flow at the duodenum increased
      (P less than 0.05). The aldehydes did not adversely affect the apparent
      digestibility of NAN in the small intestine, and net NAN absorption from the
      small intestine increased from 8.8 g/d with silage F to 11.4, 15.3 and 14.2 g/d
      with silages FF, FG and FFG respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6433972
TI  - Dismutation of dihydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase.
AB  - Degradation of 7,8-dihydrofolate (H2folate) in the presence of dihydrofolate
      reductase (DHFR) has been shown due not to an oxygenase activity of the reductase
      as previously reported but to dismutation of H2folate to folate and 5,6,7,8
      tetrahydrofolate (H4folate). The reaction can be followed spectrophotometrically
      or by analysis of the reaction mixture by high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC). The products have also been isolated and characterized. Oxygen uptake
      during the reaction is much less than stoichiometric with H2folate disappearance
      and is attributed to autoxidation of the H4folate formed. The dismutation
      activity is a property of highly purified Streptococcus faecium DHFR isoenzyme 2
      (but not isoenzyme 1) and of Lactobacillus casei DHFR, but not of bovine liver
      DHFR. The activity is dependent on tightly bound NADP+ and/or NADPH. Removal of
      the nucleotide results in loss of dismutation activity, which is restored by
      adding NADP+ or NADPH. Maximum activity is obtained when approximately 1 mol
      equiv of nucleotide is added per mol of DHFR. It is proposed that in the
      dismutation reaction bound NADP(H) is alternately reduced and oxidized by
      incoming molecules of H2folate with release of folate and H4folate, respectively.
      The relatively slow rate of folate formation presumably limits the rate of the
      overall reaction. The equilibrium constant for the dismutation reaction is 19.4
      +/- 7.4 at 22 degrees C and pH 7.0. Calculation of standard oxidation-reduction
      potentials at pH 7 gave values of -0.230 V for the H2folate/H4 folate pair and 
      0.268 V for the folate/H2folate pair. The mechanism by which NADP+ is retained by
      the enzyme from some sources during purification procedures is unclear.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433973
TI  - Pyrimidine catabolism: individual characterization of the three sequential
      enzymes with a new assay.
AB  - We have developed a one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography procedure that
      resolves the initial substrate uracil and its catabolic derivatives
      dihydrouracil, N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine (NCBA) and beta-alanine. This separation
      scheme also simplifies the preparation of the radioisotopes of N-carbamoyl-beta
      alanine and dihydrouracil. Combined, these methods make it possible to assay
      easily and unambiguously, jointly or individually, all three enzyme activities of
      uracil catabolism: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, dihydropyrimidinase, and N
      carbamoyl-beta-alanine amidohydrolase. Earlier reports had presented data
      suggesting that these three enzyme activities were combined in a complex because
      they appeared to be controlled at a single genetic locus [Dagg, C. P., Coleman,
      D.L., & Fraser, G.M. (1964) Genetics 49, 979-989] and because they appeared able
      to channel metabolites [Barrett, H.W., Munavalli, S.N., & Newmark, P. (1964)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 91, 199-204]. Although the three enzymes from rat liver
      have similar sizes, with apparent molecular weights of 218 000 for
      dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, 226 000 for dihydropyrimidinase, and 234 000 for
      NC beta A amidohydrolase, they are easily separated from each other. Kinetic
      studies show no evidence of substrate channeling and therefore do not support a
      model for an enzyme complex. The earlier reports may be explained by our studies
      on the amidohydrolase, which suggest that under certain conditions this enzyme
      may become the rate-limiting step in uracil catabolism.

PMID- 6433974
TI  - Base pairing in Bacillus subtilis ribosomal 5S RNA as measured by ultraviolet
      absorption and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry.
AB  - Ultraviolet (260 and 280 nm) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of
      Bacillus subtilis ribosomal 5S RNA have been acquired between 20 and 90 degrees
      C. In the presence of added Mg2+, the average UV melting midpoint, Tm, is 60
      (A260) or 62 degrees C (A280), resolving into two components (Tm = 54 and 68
      degrees C). In the presence of 10 mM Mg2+, the normalized A260 increases by about
      5%, and the average Tm increases to 70 degrees C (A260 or A280), resolving into
      components at 63 and 73 degrees C at 260 nm but not resolved at 280 nm. From the
      difference of the 5S RNA FT-IR spectra between 90 and 30 degrees C, the number of
      base pairs in B. subtilis 5S RNA was determined by the procedure outlined in the
      accompanying paper [Li, S.-J., Burkey, K. O., Luoma, G. A., Alben, J. O., &
      Marshall, A. G. (1984) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Addition of
      10 mM Mg2+ increases the number of A-U pairs by 1 (from 11 to 12) and the number
      of G-C pairs by 2 (from 15 to 17). FT-IR melting curve midpoints show that
      addition of Mg2+ increases the melting point for both A-U and G-C pairs in B.
      subtilis 5S RNA. The A-U pairs melt before G-C pairs (56 vs. 64 degrees C) in the
      absence of Mg2+, but both types of pairs melt at the same temperature (67 vs. 70
      degrees C) in the presence of Mg2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433975
TI  - A collagen-like glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix is the undegraded form
      of type VI collagen.
AB  - The 140 000-dalton collagenous glycoprotein (CGP) from calf aorta and ligament
      characterized by Gibson & Cleary (1982) [Gibson, M.A., & Cleary, E.G. (1982)
      Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105, 1288-1295] has been studied. In the electron
      microscope, rotary-shadowed CGP molecules appear similar to the dimers of type VI
      collagen (short-chain collagen, intima collagen) described by other authors
      [Furthmayr, H., Wiedemann, H., Timpl, R., Odermatt, E., & Engel, J. (1983)
      Biochem. J. 211, 303-311] except that they have larger globular domains. As shown
      by gel electrophoresis, pepsin treatment of CGP at 4 degrees C either before or
      after reduction releases polypeptide chains corresponding in size to those of
      type VI collagen. Electron microscopic examination shows that pepsin digestion of
      nonreduced CGP removes the outer globular domains, reduces the size of the inner
      ones, and separates the paired central strands. The residual structures look like
      type VI collagen dimers. When intact CGP is reduced, monomers with two large
      globular ends are obtained. Pepsin digestion of monomers removes most or all of
      both globular domains. In immunoblots, CGP and its pepsin-derived fragments react
      with antibodies directed against type VI collagen. The results indicate that type
      VI collagen is an integral component of CGP.

PMID- 6433976
TI  - Tissue plasminogen activator: peptide analyses confirm an indirectly derived
      amino acid sequence, identify the active site serine residue, establish
      glycosylation sites, and localize variant differences.
AB  - Tissue plasminogen activator, separated into variants I and II (differing in Mr
      by 2000-3000), was reduced and [14C]carboxymethylated. Fragments from cleavages
      with enzymes and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) were separated by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography and subjected to sequence degradations. All
      seven CNBr fragments were purified and found to be compatible with the cDNA
      derived amino acid sequence [Pennica, D., Holmes, W. E., Kohr, W. J., Harkins, R.
      N., Vehar, G. A., Ward, C. A., Bennett, W. F., Ylverton, E., Seeburg, P. H.,
      Heynecker, H. L., Goeddel, D. V., & Collen, D. (1983) Nature (London) 301, 214
      221]. Chemical characterization of 93% of the 527 residues recovered in 50
      peptides confirmed the indirectly deduced primary structure of the protein. The
      tryptic peptide patterns from the two variants were found to differ for one
      peptide (T15). Since carbohydrate was present in this peptide for variant I and
      since a marked difference in chromatographic behavior for T15 was observed in
      variant II, we conclude that carbohydrate differences in this peptide (i.e., Asn
      184 in the numbering system of the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence) are the
      explanation for the size differences between variants I and II. Carbohydrate was
      also found at two other positions in the protein, corresponding to Asn-117 and
      Asn-448. However, a fourth potential glycosylation site, Asn-218, is apparently
      not utilized for carbohydrate attachment. The enzyme is inactivated by
      diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, which covalently modifies the serine residue
      corresponding to position 478, identifying this as the active site serine
      residue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433977
TI  - Possible role for peptide-oligosaccharide interactions in differential
      oligosaccharide processing at asparagine-107 of the light chain and asparagine
      297 of the heavy chain in a monoclonal IgG1 kappa.
AB  - The carbohydrate attached at Asn-107 of the light chain of a human myeloma IgG1
      kappa (Hom) was isolated and the structure determined by 1H NMR. Two
      oligosaccharides were found corresponding to mono- and disialylated forms of the
      bisected biantennary class of glycopeptides. Both structures had Fuc alpha 1-6
      linked to the GlcNAc residue attached to Asn and NeuNAc residues linked alpha 2
      6. Because of the unusual nature of these structures, the Asn-297
      oligosaccharides of the same IgG were prepared from Fc fragments and heavy
      chains. Comparison of the structures of the latter glycopeptides with structures
      from the same site on a second human myeloma IgG1 kappa (Tem) showed them to be
      quite similar in that the majority of the structures were biantennary but not
      bisected. We suggest that the completely bisected nature of the light-chain
      oligosaccharides comes from a high level of activity of GlcNAc-T-III (the enzyme
      responsible for the attachment of the bisecting GlcNAc) in the cells producing
      the IgG. We suggest a mechanism for differential glycosylation between the Asn
      107 and Asn-297 sites based on the stabilization of the Asn-297 oligosaccharide
      in a conformation with the torsional angle omega about the C5-C6 bond of the Man
      alpha 1-6 linkage equal to -60 degrees. It has previously been postulated that
      this conformation is not a substrate for GlcNAc-T-III [Brisson, J.-R., & Carver,
      J. P. (1983) Can. J. Biochem. 61, 1067-1078].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6433978
TI  - Synthesis and processing of 5 S rRNA from an rrnB minigene in a plasmid.
AB  - A recombinant plasmid containing the promoters, terminators and only the intact 5
      S rRNA gene of rrnB is expressed efficiently in Escherichia coli cells. In
      strains containing a thermolabile RNAase E (rne) full-length transcripts of the
      rrnB region from the plasmid and a partially processed intermediate product
      accumulate at non-permissive temperatures. Upon addition of chloramphenicol two
      additional plasmid-specific RNA molecules appear. They are shorter than the full
      length transcripts. These species contain the 3'-end region of the full-length
      transcripts. Even though the 5' ends of these RNAs were most likely produced by
      degradative enzymes these 5' ends are not ragged. All these plasmid-specific RNAs
      are specific substrates for the two endonucleolytic RNA processing enzymes,
      RNAase E and RNAase III.

PMID- 6433979
TI  - Anion inhibition of CO2 hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II.
      Mechanistic implications.
AB  - Five monovalent anions, I-, N3-, SCN-, NCO- and Au(CN)2-, were investigated as
      inhibitors of CO2 hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II (carbonate
      hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1). Predominantly uncompetitive inhibition patterns were
      observed at pH near 9 in all cases. While Dixon plots of Km/V vs. inhibitor
      concentration were linear, all the investigated anions except NCO- gave nonlinear
      Dixon plots of 1/V vs. inhibitor concentration. The anion SCN- was also tested at
      pH 7.4 and 6.4. Essentially noncompetitive patterns of inhibition of CO2
      hydration were obtained at both these pH values. These results are analyzed in
      terms of two rivaling mechanism models, a kinetic scheme originally proposed by
      Steiner et al. (Steiner, H., Jonsson, B.-H. and Lindskog, S. (1975) Eur. J.
      Biochem. 59, 253-259) and a rapid-equilibrium kinetic scheme proposed by Pocker
      and Deits (Pocker, Y. and Deits, T.L. (1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 2424-2434).
      It is concluded that the observed steady-state inhibition patterns are compatible
      with both models, but that discriminatory data, strongly favouring the model of
      Steiner et al., are available in the literature.

PMID- 6433980
TI  - Characterization of fibronectin from fetal human plasma in comparison with adult
      plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin was purified from fetal human plasma and characterized in comparison
      with fibronectin from adult human plasma. Fetal plasma fibronectin had an amino
      acid composition, immunological properties, and cell-attachment-promoting
      activity similar to those of adult plasma fibronectin. However, fetal plasma
      fibronectin was shown to have a distinct carbohydrate composition which is
      characterized by the presence of fucose. To ascertain the differences in the
      carbohydrate moiety, 14C-labeled glycopeptides were prepared and sequentially
      analyzed with columns of immobilized concanavalin A and lentil lectin.
      Glycopeptides from fetal plasma fibronectin contained a population of
      glycopeptides which bound to both lectin gels. Almost all of the glycopeptides in
      this population lost their ability to bind to lentil lectin upon fucosidase
      digestion, indicating that fetal plasma fibronectin possesses a substantial
      amount of fucosylated biantennary glycans. In contrast, glycopeptides from adult
      plasma fibronectin practically lacked such glycopeptides. Another difference
      observed was that fetal plasma fibronectin had a larger amount of concanavalin A
      unbound glycopeptides than did adult plasma fibronectin. These results indicate
      the presence of age-related variation in glycosylation of human plasma
      fibronectin.

PMID- 6433981
TI  - Studies on haptoglobin binding to concanavalin A.
AB  - Ascitic fluid haptoglobins 1-1, 2-1 and 2-2 and their tryptic glycopeptides were
      fractionated by affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose. Three peaks were
      obtained, corresponding to non-binding, weakly binding and strongly binding
      fractions. Concanavalin A-non-binding and concanavalin A-binding fractions of
      haptoglobin and of glycopeptide III 2-2 consisted of a series of polymers with
      increasing molecular mass, except for the non-binding fraction of glycopeptide
      III 1-1. After reduction there was no difference between the subunit composition
      of the glycopeptides and their concanavalin A fraction. Concanavalin A-non
      binding fractions from haptoglobin 2-1 and glycopeptides III 1-1 and III 2-2 did
      not form an active complex with hemoglobin and, in crossed immunodiffusion,
      showed a reaction of partial identity with haptoglobin 2-1, glycopeptides III 1
      1, III 2-2 and their concanavalin A-binding fractions. Concanavalin A-binding
      fractions of the above preparations exhibited with hemoglobin higher peroxidase
      activity than before their separation on Con A-Sepharose and immunodiffusion gave
      a reaction of identity among themselves and with unfractionated preparations. The
      concanavalin A-binding glycopeptide III is the biologically active part of the
      haptoglobin beta-chain.

PMID- 6433982
TI  - Human vascular endothelial cells synthesize and release 24- and 26-carbon
      polyunsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - Vascular endothelial cells from human umbilical vein readily incorporate
      [14C]eicosatrienoate (20:3 (n - 6) and desaturate it to synthesize
      [14C]arachidonate (20:4) and [14C]docosatetraenoate (22:4). Both substrate and
      metabolites are extensively esterified in cellular phospholipids and
      triacylglycerol. After these cells are incubated for 24-48 h with 4.5 microM
      [14C]20:3 in culture medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum, the medium contains a
      number of radiolabeled free fatty acids. In addition to arachidonate and
      docosatetraenoate, these include still longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
      We have identified these as 24:4, 24:5, 26:4 and 26:5 by both radio-gas
      chromatography and HPLC. Although the 24- and 26-carbon polyunsaturated fatty
      acids represent a negligible percentage of cellular 14C-labeled fatty acids, they
      are each present in the medium at a concentration of 10-40 nM, whereas
      [14C]arachidonate is 60-100 nM. In particular, products of delta 4 desaturation
      are a significant component of radiolabeled polyunsaturated fatty acids in medium
      but not in the cells. Since docosapolyenoic fatty acids have recently been shown
      to give rise to biologically active oxygenated derivatives, the selective release
      and possible subsequent metabolism of even longer polyunsaturated fatty acids
      warrants further investigation.

PMID- 6433983
TI  - Regulation of intracellular arachidonate in normal and stressed endothelial
      cells.
AB  - The uptake of arachidonate and stearate from serum-free media by endothelial
      cells was investigated over a 48 h period. Arachidonate was rapidly incorporated
      into both the phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Triacylglycerol incorporation
      reached a maximum at 2 h and then rapidly declined with a concomitant increase in
      phospholipid incorporation. High initial arachidonate incorporation into
      phosphatidylcholine was followed by a partial transfer of that arachidonate to
      phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast, stearate was slowly incorporated into all
      of the phospholipids and was not incorporated into the triacylglycerols. Cells
      stimulated with A23187 for 24 h cleaved stearate from all the phospholipids
      equally, whereas more arachidonate was cleaved from phosphatidylethanolamine than
      from the other phospholipids. Released arachidonate was both metabolized and
      reacylated into the triacylglycerols. Our results suggest that triacylglycerols
      serve as a modulator of intracellular arachidonate concentrations in endothelial
      cells.

PMID- 6433984
TI  - Arachidonate synthesis and uptake in isolated guinea-pig megakaryocytes and
      platelets.
AB  - Arachidonic acid (20:4) synthesis and uptake were studied in guinea-pig
      megakaryocytes and platelets. Isolated megakaryocytes and platelets were
      incubated with [3H]20:4, 8,11,14-[14C]eicosatrienoic acid (gamma-20:3) and
      [14C]linoleic acid (18:2) and their lipids were analyzed for radioactivity. The
      study showed that there was 0.153 microM of unesterified 20:3 and 0.237 microM of
      20:4 in guinea-pig plasma in nonfasting animals. At these concentrations, 42.6
      pmol of gamma-20:3 and 53.3 pmol of 20:4 were taken up per h per 10(5)
      megakaryocytes in vitro. Megakaryocytes desaturated 27% of the gamma-20:3 to 20:4
      but could not desaturate 18:2. Platelets could not desaturate gamma-20:3 or 18:2.
      In megakaryocytes, the distribution of 20:4 synthesized by the desaturation of
      gamma-20:3 and 20:4 taken up reflected the endogenous distribution of 20:4 in
      megakaryocyte phospholipids and 20:4 was predominantly incorporated into
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In contrast, the distribution of [3H]20:4 taken up
      into platelets did not reflect the endogenous distribution. 20:4 was primarily
      incorporated into platelet phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. The
      study showed that megakaryocytes but not platelets possess a delta 5 desaturase
      and can synthesize 20:4 from gamma-20:3. Neither cell was shown to have a delta 6
      desaturase. Megakaryocytes appear to have the capacity to determine the
      composition of all pools of platelet 20:4 either by uptake or synthesis of 20:4.
      Platelets, most likely, have a limited capacity to alter structural pools of 20:4
      contained primarily in PE and phosphatidylserine (PS).

PMID- 6433985
TI  - Lysophosphatidic acid can activate platelets without increasing 32P-labelling of
      phosphatidic acid.
AB  - Stimulation of platelets by thrombin produced a rise in [32P]phosphatidic acid
      labelling of platelets which was greater in medium without added calcium than in
      medium with 2.5 mM calcium. A rise in [32P]lysophosphatidic acid was also seen in
      platelets stimulated by thrombin in the presence of 2.5 mM extracellular calcium,
      though it was of lesser magnitude (average 35%) than the rise in phosphatidic
      acid. In platelets resuspended without added calcium no change in
      [32P]lysophosphatidic acid was seen in response to thrombin. Lysophosphatidic
      acid can itself induce platelet aggregation. Similarly to the calcium ionophore
      A23187, lysophosphatidic acid produced minimal change (in medium with no added
      calcium) to no change (in medium with 2.5 mM external calcium) in
      [32P]lysophosphatidic acid. The endoperoxide analog U46619 produced changes in
      32P-labelling of platelet phosphatidic and lysophosphatidic acid similar to those
      produced by thrombin but of lesser magnitude. The results of these studies show
      that the action of lysophosphatidic acid on platelets differs from the action of
      thrombin, U46619 and platelet-activating factor, which produce a rapid rise in
      [32P]phosphatidic acid, and suggests that lysophosphatidic acid, like A23187,
      largely bypasses the initial receptor-coupled breakdown of phosphoinositides
      leading to formation of diacylglycerols and phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 6433986
TI  - The activity and biosynthesis of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme in
      cultured immature pig testis cells.
AB  - An IgG fraction from antiserum raised against cholesterol side-chain cleavage
      cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome P-450scc) purified from bovine adrenocortical
      mitochondria cross-reacted with immature pig testis cytochrome P-450scc in an
      Ouchterlony double diffusion system. This property of the IgG fraction was
      utilized for the immunoisolation of cytochrome P-450scc of immature pig testis
      cells in culture. The molecular weight of the immunoisolate from [35S]methionine
      labeled pig testis Leydig cells was similar to that of purified bovine
      adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc (49 000). The testis iron-sulfur protein
      similarly immunoisolated using an IgG fraction from antiserum raised against
      adrenodoxin purified from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria was also of
      molecular weight similar to that of adrenodoxin (13 000). The rates of synthesis
      of cytochrome P-450scc and testis iron-sulfur protein in immature pig testis
      cells in culture, when incubated with hCG (100 mU/ml) for 48 h, were 3- and 6
      fold greater, respectively, than those in cells incubated in the absence of hCG.
      This result is suggestive that the synthesis of cytochrome P-450scc and testis
      iron-sulfur protein of immature pig testis tissue is stimulated by gonadotropin.

PMID- 6433987
TI  - Pentane formation during the anaerobic reactions of reticulocyte lipoxygenase.
      Comparison with lipoxygenases from soybeans and green pea seeds.
AB  - The lipoxygenases from reticulocytes, soybeans and green pea seeds produce
      pentane in an anaerobic assay containing 13Ls-hydroperoxy-9-cis, 11-trans
      octadecadienoic acid and 9,12-all-cis-octadecadienoic acid. The presence of
      oxygen strongly inhibits pentane formation by the three enzymes. Relative to the
      lipoxygenase activity with linoleic acid as substrate, soybean lipoxygenase is 4
      times as effective in pentane formation as the lipoxygenases from reticulocytes
      or green pea seeds. Pentane formation by the reticulocyte lipoxygenase is
      completely inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitors (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid,
      3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol) but only partially by radical scavengers which do not
      influence the oxygenase activity (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene). From the
      temperature dependence below 20 degrees C an activation energy of the pentane
      production by the reticulocyte lipoxygenase of about 28 kJ/mol was calculated,
      which is somewhat higher than that for the oxygenase activity. During the
      anaerobic reaction of both reticulocyte and soybean lipoxygenase C18-oxodienes,
      C13-oxodienes, linoleic acid dimers and a polar compound proposed to be epoxy
      hydroxyoctadecenoic acid are produced in a similar pattern. Reticulocyte
      lipoxygenase produces pentane with submitochondrial particles only under
      anaerobic conditions after an aerobic preincubation. During the incubation of
      intact reticulocytes with the calcium ionophore A23187 or arachidonic acid,
      pentane is released. Preincubation of the cells with lipoxygenase inhibitors
      completely abolishes the pentane formation. Erythrocytes do not form any pentane
      under the same experimental conditions.

PMID- 6433988
TI  - Effect of K+ depolarization on the synthesis of prostaglandins and
      hydroxyeicosatetra(5,8,11,14)enoic acids (HETE) in the rat retina. Evidence for
      esterification of 12-HETE in lipids.
AB  - [14C]Arachidonic acid is metabolized to prostaglandins and
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in the rat retina. After intravitreal injection of
      [14C]arachidonic acid, 25% of the injected radiolabel was recovered in the
      retinal lipids. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol were most actively
      labeled; however, all glycerolipids incorporated arachidonic acid. The synthesis
      of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, D2, 6-keto-F1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids was measured by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The identity of 12-HETE was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Incubation of prelabeled retinas in vitro promoted the release of
      [14C]arachidonic acid from glycerolipids. A 12-fold increase in the synthesis of
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids occurred with no change in the synthesis of
      prostaglandins. Incubation in a depolarizing medium (45 mM K+) resulted in a
      selective increase in hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, an effect that was blocked
      by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (1 microM) and eicosatetraynoic acid (10 microM). 12
      [3H8]Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, intravitreally injected, was incorporated into
      retinal lipids with a distribution similar to arachidonic acid. When retinas
      labeled with 12-[3H8]hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were incubated, there was a
      large release of the incorporated radioactivity, and metabolism to other products
      with the chromatographic properties of dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The
      release of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was not affected by depolarizing
      conditions (45 mM K+); however, the conversion of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
      to dihydroxy isomers was stimulated by K+. These experiments demonstrate active
      pathways for the generation of eicosanoids in the rat retina that are sensitive
      to membrane depolarization and lipoxygenase inhibitors.

PMID- 6433989
TI  - Influence of octopamine on trehalase activity in muscle and hemolymph of the
      American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L.
AB  - Injection of adult male cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) with 10 microliter 1
      microM octopamine causes elevated activity of trehalase (alpha, alpha-trehalose
      glucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.28) in hemolymph and muscle but not in gut. Tyramine,
      dopamine and glutamate, at the same concentration, failed to elicit any effect on
      trehalase activity. Determination of some kinetic parameters for muscle and
      hemolymph trehalases reveal that octopamine causes an increase in Vmax without
      any significant alteration in the Km of the enzyme for trehalose. The results are
      discussed in terms of the physiological significance of octopamine-mediated
      activation of tissue trehalases.

PMID- 6433990
TI  - Immunochemical study and acinar localization of AM1, a murine submandibular
      glycoprotein with esterolytic activity.
AB  - Glycoprotein AM1, a glycoprotein from the submandibular glands of the mouse was
      isolated from the 100 000 X g tissue extract by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. An antiserum to purified glycoprotein AM1 was prepared, and its
      specificity was tested by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Glycoprotein
      AM1 could be detected in large quantity only in the submandibular glands of the
      mouse and in very small amounts in the parotid and sublingual glands and in
      serum. No glycoprotein AM1 was found in the murine brain, heart, lung, liver,
      spleen, kidney, pancreas, spinal cord and testis. In addition, glycoprotein AM1
      was not detectable in the submandibular glands of the rat and rabbit, and in
      whole human saliva. No cross-reactivity was found with murine submandibular
      proteinase A and porcine pancreatic kallikrein. The cellular localization of
      glycoprotein AM1 was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. In
      the submandibular glands bright fluorescence was only present in the acinar
      cells, throughout the whole gland. In the sublingual glands faint fluorescence
      was detectable as a diffuse network around the acini and possibly in the serous
      acinar demilune cells. On a subcellular level, glycoprotein AM1 could be
      demonstrated in the extract of the SMC secretory granular fraction, which
      originates largely from the acinar cells. On the other hand, glycoprotein AM1 was
      hardly detectable in the SMB secretory granular fraction, which originates
      predominantly from the granular convoluted tubular cells. Concomitantly,
      glycoprotein AM1 was secreted in vivo and could be detected in whole saliva,
      particularly after stimulation with isoproterenol and carbamylcholine, and also
      with phenylephrine, but to a much lesser extent.

PMID- 6433991
TI  - Stimulation of hepatic and renal diamine oxidase activity after acute ethanol
      administration.
AB  - The effect of a single administration of ethanol (2 g/kg body weight) on hepatic
      and renal diamine oxidase activity was studied in fasted rats. Diamine oxidase
      activity significantly increased in liver and kidney 6 h after ethanol
      intubation. Pyrazole (an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase), cycloheximide or
      actinomycin D (inhibitors of macromolecular syntheses), as well as prior
      adrenalectomy, prevented the ethanol-induced stimulation of diamine oxidase in
      the liver, but not in the kidney. The results demonstrated that the enhancement
      of diamine oxidase activity in the liver was due to an enzyme induction mediated
      by alcohol metabolism as well as by adrenals. In contrast, the stimulation of
      diamine oxidase activity in the kidney did not depend on synthesis of new enzyme
      molecules and was not mediated by ethanol metabolism or adrenal hormones.

PMID- 6433992
TI  - Effect of calmidazolium and phorbol ester on catecholamine secretion from adrenal
      chromaffin cells.
AB  - Carbamylcholine-stimulated catecholamine release from adrenal chromaffin cells
      was completely inhibited by pretreatment of the cells for 10 min with 1 microM
      calmidazolium. Catecholamine release due to 55 mM K+ and ionophore A23187 was
      also inhibited by calmidazolium but less effectively than release due to
      carbamylcholine. Inhibition of release appeared to be due to an effect of
      calmidazolium on a step distal to Ca2+ entry, since the carbamylcholine
      stimulated rise in the concentration of intracellular free calcium, monitored
      using quin-2, was unaffected by calmidazolium. The possibility was considered
      that calmidazolium inhibited secretion through an effect on protein kinase C
      rather than calmodulin. However, the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate (TPA), had no demonstrable effect on catecholamine release, arguing
      against a significant role for protein kinase C in secretion from adrenal
      chromaffin cells. These results give further support to the notion that
      calmodulin plays a role in the secretory process in chromaffin cells.

PMID- 6433993
TI  - Changes in the distribution of platelet membrane proteins revealed by energy
      transfer.
AB  - The redistribution of platelet membrane proteins in response to platelet
      activation was studied. To investigate this process we prepared a variety of
      platelet ligands, including di- and tetrameric concanavalin A, IgG, thrombin,
      wheat-germ agglutinin and other lectins. These ligands were conjugated either
      with acceptor (rhodamine isothiocyanate) or donor (fluoresceine isothiocyanate)
      fluorophore. Platelets exposed to various combinations of ligand species were
      stimulated with different aggregating agents, and changes in sensitized
      fluorescence emission or donor quenching were recorded. Energy transfer was
      observed with thrombin, dimeric concanavalin A after addition of thrombin and
      various combinations of dimeric concanavalin A with other membrane ligands. The
      preincubation of platelets with colchicine prevented energy transfer between
      appropriate ligand pairs and platelet activator. Our studies show that
      nonradiative energy transfer can be used to analyze redistribution of membrane
      receptor sites in platelets.

PMID- 6433994
TI  - Hormonal response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone following rest-activity
      reversal in normal men.
AB  - The prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) response to an intravenous dose (400
      micrograms) of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in eight healthy
      young men in the morning (0800 hr), in the evening (2000 hr), and after an acute
      12-hr shift of the rest-activity cycle. The PRL and TSH response to TRH was
      significantly greater in the evening than the morning. The increased PRL and TSH
      responses observed in the evening were significantly reduced following rest
      activity reversal. Our findings underscore the importance of temporal factors in
      determining response to TRH. These factors may be relevant in clarifying the
      mechanisms underlying abnormal hormonal responses to TRH in patients with
      affective disorders.

PMID- 6433996
TI  - [Pathophysiologic aspects in the treatment of diabetic patients during acetate
      and bicarbonate dialysis].

PMID- 6433995
TI  - Intestinal assimilation of intact peptides and proteins from the diet--a
      neglected field?

PMID- 6433997
TI  - Preparation of CO2 from blood and protein-bound amino acid carboxyl groups for
      quantification and 13C-isotope measurements.
AB  - Measurements of protein and amino acid metabolism in man using stable isotopes
      and selected ion monitoring gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques are
      limited by the requirement of relatively high levels of labelling for adequate
      precision (greater than 0.05 at % excess). We describe here a means of extending
      the scope of such studies by measurement of lower levels of enrichment achieved
      in gaseous CO2 derived from whole blood or protein-bound amino acids following
      the administration of tracer amounts of appropriately labelled substrates.
      Construction and operation of a novel glass vacuum line required for this work
      are described in detail and specific applications relevant to clinical
      investigations are outlined. Measurements of both the total amount of CO2 and its
      13C enrichment are performed in an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer which provides
      acceptable levels of accuracy and reproducibility for both measurements (+/- 0.1%
      and +/- 0.0001 at % excess respectively).

PMID- 6433998
TI  - Binding of benzo[a]pyrene to different chromatin domains following activation at
      the nuclear membrane.
AB  - When isolated liver nuclei from methylcholanthrene-treated rats are incubated
      with benzopyrene, covalent adducts are formed between DNA and the ultimate
      carcinogen, benzopyrene diol epoxide. Brief digestion with DNaseI, or micrococcal
      nuclease has been used to demonstrate that benzopyrene metabolites bind more
      readily to DNA in chromatin regions with a more open, active conformation than to
      inactive chromatin.

PMID- 6433999
TI  - Activation of mammalian skeletal-muscle carbonic anhydrase III by arginine
      modification.
AB  - Purified carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and III (CA I, CA II, CA III) from
      various sources were treated with 2,3-butanedione and their bicarbonate
      dehydration reactions followed. The specific activities of human and bovine CA I
      and CA II and chicken CA III were not affected by the butanedione treatment,
      whereas the activities of human, gorilla, and bovine CA III were rapidly
      activated. These findings suggest that one, or both, of the two arginyl residues
      which appear to be unique to the active sites of the mammalian CA III isozymes
      are modified by butanedione.

PMID- 6434000
TI  - The relationship between secretion and intracellular free calcium in bovine
      adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - The effect of carbamylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 on catecholamine
      release and intracellular free calcium, [Ca2+]i, in bovine adrenal chromaffin
      cells was determined. At 10(-4) M carbamylcholine maximal release occurred with
      an accompanying increase in [Ca2+]i from a basal level of 168 nM to less than 300
      nM. An increase in [Ca2+]i of a similar magnitude was found following challenge
      with 40 nM A23187. However, in this case, no catecholamine release occurred.
      These results suggest that stimulation of secretion from chromaffin cells by
      carbamylcholine may involve additional triggers which stimulate secretion at low
      [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 6434001
TI  - The missing negative effect of red cell aggregation upon blood flow in small
      capillaries at low shear forces.
AB  - Flow resistance of EDTA or defibrinized blood was measured in a vertical
      capillary viscometer. (Capillary I.D. = 0.3 mm, 1 = 475 mm, tau w = 0.27 to 0.036
      Pa). With decreasing shear forces the apparent viscosity increased from 12 to 16
      mPa X s, i.e. by about 30%. There was no significant difference in flow
      resistance between red cells suspended in plasma or serum. The apparent viscosity
      of the same blood sample increased from 14 to 45 mPa X s for RBC in plasma i.e.
      by about 320% if measured with a rotational viscometer. The attempt is made to
      explain this difference in flow resistance with the different effect of shear
      resistant RBC-aggregates upon a parabolic streaming profile in a capillary, or
      upon the quasi linear profile within the annular gap of a rotational viscometer.

PMID- 6434002
TI  - Erythrometer: a new device for measuring erythrocyte filterability and plasma
      viscosity.
AB  - The Erythrometer is a new device capable of determining both red blood cell
      filterability and plasma viscosity. In the case of filterability measurements, a
      suspension of washed red blood cells is filtered at a steady flow rate through a
      3 or 5 microns pore-diameter membrane. Pressure drop across the membrane is
      recorded and a red blood cell filterability index can be calculated according to
      the change in pressure. The authors describe the instrument's operating principle
      and performance and present some of the results obtained.

PMID- 6434003
TI  - Anticoagulants and erythrocyte filterability.
AB  - Positive-pressure and initial-flow-rate (Hemorheometre) filtration systems were
      used to study the deformability of erythrocytes from whole blood stored in EDTA
      or heparin. When all contaminating platelets and leucocytes were removed from the
      erythrocyte suspension there was no significant anticoagulant effect on
      erythrocyte filtration. Blood may therefore be stored in K2EDTA (1.5 mg/ml blood)
      or lithium heparin (15 IU/ml blood) for up to 6 hours at room temperature prior
      to measurement of erythrocyte filterability.

PMID- 6434004
TI  - Different colony-stimulating factors are detected by the "interleukin-3"
      dependent cell lines FDC-Pl and 32D cl-23.
AB  - The cell lines FDC-Pl and 32D cl-23 have previously been used as unique
      indicators for the growth-promoting activity of interleukin-3. We show that FDC
      Pl cells respond to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, CSF
      2) as well as to interleukin-3. In keeping with this finding, FDC-Pl cells
      express the macrophage-specific marker, F4/80. FDC-Pl cells do not, however,
      respond to macrophage CSF (M-CSF, CSF-1). In contrast, 32D cl-23 cells do not
      respond to GM-CSF and lack F4/80. Instead, 32D cl-23 cells respond to an as yet
      undefined factor in conditioned medium (CM) from the primate T cell line, MLA
      144, and CM from mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes (HLCM). 32D cl-23 cells are
      Lyt-1+. Both FDC-Pl and 32D cl-23 cells consume interleukin-3, but only FDC Pl
      cells consume GM-CSF. Similarly, 32D cl-23, but not FDC-Pl, cells consume 32D cl
      23 growth factor from MLA-144 CM and HLCM. Interleukin-3-dependent cell lines
      must therefore concurrently express different functional cell surface receptors
      for a variety of biochemically distinct growth factors.

PMID- 6434005
TI  - Abnormal prothrombin crossed-immunoelectrophoresis in patients with lupus
      inhibitors.
AB  - Prothrombin deficiency has been known to occur in association with lupus
      inhibitors for over 25 years. We studied 21 patients with lupus inhibitors and
      found that four of five with prothrombin deficiency and ten of 16 with
      quantitatively normal prothrombin had abnormal prothrombin crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) characterized by material moving slower in the first
      dimension of electrophoresis than normal prothrombin. In two patients with
      prothrombin deficiency, all prothrombin measured by quantitative assay and all
      slow-moving material on CIEP were removed by treatment with Staphylococcal
      protein A (SPA). These patients had free antibody, which bound to normal plasma
      prothrombin, forming larger amounts of slow-moving material on CIEP. A third
      patient with prothrombin deficiency had only partial removal of prothrombin after
      SPA treatment. Two patients with quantitatively normal prothrombin had all slow
      moving material on CIEP and about one fourth of the prothrombin by quantitative
      assay removed by SPA treatment. There was no correlation among the strength of
      the inhibitor, the presence of a "cofactor effect," and the prothrombin
      abnormality. These data suggest that heterogeneous antiprothrombin antibodies,
      with or without prothrombin deficiency, are present in the majority of patients
      with lupus inhibitors.

PMID- 6434006
TI  - Demonstration of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators in human
      plasma.
AB  - This report describes a plasmatic, fast-acting, specific inhibitor
      (antiactivator) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (UK).
      After addition of t-PA to human plasma, biexponential decay of activity occurred.
      The initial rapid inhibition of t-PA activity (half-life of approximately one
      minute) was correlated with the formation of a complex of a molecular weight of
      110,000, suggesting a molecular weight in the order of 40,000 for the
      antiactivator. Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-inactivated t-PA did not form
      complexes with antiactivator. The second-order rate constant for the interaction
      of t-PA with antiactivator is in the order of 10(7) mol/L-1 sec-1. In plasma, UK
      added at low concentrations rapidly formed complexes of a mol wt of 95,000.
      Preincubation of the plasma with t-PA prevented complex formation of UK, and vice
      versa, suggesting that the same inhibitor inactivates both t-PA and UK. After
      exhaustion of the antiactivator, t-PA and UK formed complexes with alpha 2
      antiplasmin and C1'-inhibitor at a low rate.

PMID- 6434007
TI  - Contamination of silos in Switzerland by PCB residues in coatings.

PMID- 6434008
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) partitioning between adipose tissue and serum.

PMID- 6434009
TI  - A model for cell-cell recognition and control of cell growth mediated by sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - This review describes some structural details and the metabolism of the sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans in animal cells in a variety of physiological conditions and
      presents views on the possible role that these compounds may play in cell self
      recognition, neoplastic transformation and in the control of cell growth.

PMID- 6434010
TI  - Histophysiological study of vasectomized rats.
AB  - An histophysiological evaluation was performed of adult rat testes 30 days after
      vasectomy. A higher frequency of stage VII-VIII of the tubular cycle was
      observed, indicating sperm accumulation. Seminiferous tubules and tubular lumen
      having increased diameters were also observed, but these results cannot be
      explained only in terms of increase in retrograde intratubular pressure. The rise
      in basal gonadotrophin levels as well as in testosterone levels observed under
      basal conditions and 30 and 60 min after stimulation with human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG) suggested hyperactivity of the Leydig cells. The observed
      increased frequency of Leydig cells with smaller nuclear volumes may be
      correlated with higher luteinizing hormone levels. The results are discussed in
      terms of the possible role of neuromotor components resected during vasectomy,
      which may alter the spermatogenic and the secretory functions of the testis.

PMID- 6434011
TI  - Requirements for an effective nutrition teaching program in medical schools:
      essential personnel and medical center resources.

PMID- 6434012
TI  - Pharmacological investigations of the vasodilator nerves supplying the duck's
      foot.
AB  - Vasodilator responses to electrical nerve stimulation and to various putative
      autonomic inhibitory neurotransmitters were studied in the Krebs-perfused foot of
      the domestic duck. Electrical stimulation resulted in frequency-dependent
      vasoconstrictor responses which were abolished by the infusion of guanethidine.
      After abolition of the vasoconstriction, electrical stimulation produced a
      frequency-dependent vasodilatation. The putative inhibitory transmitter
      substances tested were substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide, adenosine triphosphate and dopamine. Of these only dopamine produced
      dilator responses similar in appearance to those following nerve stimulation.
      Infusion of metoclopramide (170 microM) greatly reduced dilator responses to
      nerve stimulation and to dopamine but not those to glyceryl trinitrate. These
      results suggest that the vasculature of the duck foot may be supplied by
      dopaminergic vasodilator nerves.

PMID- 6434013
TI  - Differential effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on antigen- and ionophore
      induced release of slow reacting substance from fragmented guinea-pig lung.
AB  - The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) indomethacin and mefenamic acid,
      at concentrations ranging from 3 microM to 18 microM, enhanced antigen-induced
      slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) release from sensitized fragmented
      guinea-pig lung. In contrast, these agents had no effect on SRS-A release from
      nonsensitized guinea-pig lung induced by several concentrations of the calcium
      ionophore, A23187. Neither increasing preincubation time with the NSAID nor the
      use of sensitized tissue resulted in an enhancement of A23187-induced SRS-A
      release by indomethacin. NSAID did not alter histamine release by either
      stimulus. These results suggest that antigen and A23187 induce SRS-A release from
      different sources or by different mechanisms in guinea-pig lung.

PMID- 6434014
TI  - RBE and clinical response in radiotherapy with neutron beams.
AB  - Consideration of the clinical results reported, when a cyclotron produced neutron
      beam was used for treatments in the pelvis region, suggested that a constant RBE
      of 3 should not have been used for all neutron doses. Instead a variable RBE,
      which increased from approximately 3 to 8 (with decreasing dose), should have
      been used. Although some of these RBE values are much higher than 3, they have
      been observed in clinical practice. An "equivalent photon" isodose plan was
      produced by employing a variable RBE and, by taking a TDF limit of 86 for bowel,
      an isoeffect plan was produced. This shows that in the clinical situation under
      consideration much of the pelvis was overdosed. Doses to tumour cells and late
      effects are also briefly considered. It is suggested that, in neutron therapy,
      both an "equivalent photon" isodose plan and an isoeffect plan should be produced
      prior to treatment.

PMID- 6434015
TI  - A realistic approach to cost-benefit analysis in radiation protection.

PMID- 6434016
TI  - Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients.

PMID- 6434018
TI  - Drugs and intravenous fluids.

PMID- 6434017
TI  - Postmyocardial infarction syndrome.

PMID- 6434020
TI  - Patient controlled analgesia.

PMID- 6434019
TI  - Common bacterial pathogens and resistance to antibiotics.

PMID- 6434021
TI  - Population growth and politics.

PMID- 6434022
TI  - Lymphadenopathy and selective IgA deficiency.
AB  - Four men presented with unexplained lymphadenopathy. Three had a history of
      recurrent respiratory infections for several years, and two had lymph node or
      hepatic granulomas. None was noted to have symptoms of immunodeficiency at the
      time of presentation. In one patient routine direct immunofluorescence study
      failed to detect IgA, and immunological investigations were therefore conducted
      in the rest. In all patients the findings were similar and characterised by a
      severe deficiency of IgA. In the absence of a more serious cause selective IgA
      deficiency may be enough to explain "idiopathic" lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 6434023
TI  - Red cell ferritin content: a re-evaluation of indices for iron deficiency in the
      anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In iron deficiency anaemia basic red cell content of ferritin is appreciably
      reduced. This variable was determined in 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to
      evaluate conventional laboratory indices for iron deficiency in the anaemia of
      rheumatoid arthritis. For 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normocytic
      anaemia irrespective of plasma ferritin concentration, red cell ferritin content
      did not differ significantly from that for non-anaemic patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. For 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and microcytic anaemia, the
      mean red cell ferritin content for patients with a plasma ferritin concentration
      in the 13-110 micrograms/l range was appreciably reduced. It was
      indistinguishable from that for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and classical
      iron deficiency anaemia, indicated by plasma ferritin concentrations of less than
      12 micrograms/l. In contrast, the mean red cell ferritin content for patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis, microcytic anaemia, and plasma ferritin concentrations
      above 110 micrograms/l did not differ from that for patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and normocytic anaemia. Oral treatment with iron in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis, microcytic anaemia, and appreciably reduced red cell
      ferritin concentrations was accompanied by significant increases in haemoglobin
      concentration (p less than 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (p less than 0.01), and
      red cell ferritin contents (p less than 0.05). This treatment, however, did not
      produce any appreciable change in haemoglobin concentration in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis, normocytic anaemia, and normal red cell ferritin contents.
      These findings suggest that the indices for iron deficiency in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis and anaemia should include peripheral blood microcytosis
      together with a plasma ferritin concentration of less than 110 micrograms/l.

PMID- 6434024
TI  - Combined oral and nasal beclomethasone diproprionate in children with atopic
      eczema: a randomised controlled trial.
AB  - In a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial in 26 children with severe
      atopic eczema those receiving four weeks' treatment with combined oral plus nasal
      beclomethasone diproprionate improved significantly more than those receiving
      placebo. No adverse effects were observed, but 24 hour urinary cortisol excretion
      was slightly reduced. This combination may provide effective treatment in
      refractory atopic eczema with relatively little of the danger associated with
      systemic administration of prednisolone and other traditional corticosteroids.

PMID- 6434025
TI  - Acute cholecystitis and thiazides.
AB  - Drugs purchased by a random sample (17 000) of the population of Jamtland county,
      Sweden, are continuously monitored. Patients who had been admitted to the
      county's only hospital with acute cholecystitis and who were part of this sample
      were studied, and controls matched for age and sex were drawn from the sample.
      The purchase of thiazides and other drugs prescribed to the patients with acute
      cholecystitis was compared with that of the controls. The estimated relative risk
      of developing acute cholecystitis in patients who had purchased thiazides in the
      year before admission to hospital, as compared with those who had not, was 2.1
      (95% confidence limit 1.1-3.9). As it has been reliably reported that the use of
      thiazides is not itself associated with cholelithiasis, the association found
      between thiazides and cholecystitis suggests that thiazides may increase the risk
      of acute cholecystitis developing in a patient with gall stones.

PMID- 6434026
TI  - Psychiatric illness in inpatients with neurological disorders: patients' views on
      discussion of emotional problems with neurologists.
AB  - The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in inpatients with neurological disorders
      and the extent to which it is detected by neurologists were measured by using a
      two stage model of psychiatric assessment and from information recorded in the
      patients' medical notes. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was estimated as
      39%, of which 72% was unrecognised by the neurologists. Only a minority of
      patients with an uncertain physical diagnosis had a psychiatric illness, showing
      the error in assuming that a patient's physical symptoms arise from a
      psychological disturbance if an organic aetiology cannot be determined. When the
      patients were interviewed on their discharge from hospital they were divided on
      whether they had wished to discuss their mood with neurologists while they were
      in hospital. The reasons that they gave suggested that interactions between
      patients and doctors and the lack of ward facilities for private consultations
      with doctors are important determinants of hidden psychiatric morbidity in
      medical inpatients.

PMID- 6434027
TI  - Aeromonas spp in travellers' diarrhoea.

PMID- 6434028
TI  - Hyponatraemia during treatment with chlorpropamide and Moduretic (amiloride plus
      hydrochlorothiazide).

PMID- 6434029
TI  - Beta blockers and verapamil: a cautionary tale.

PMID- 6434030
TI  - Infantile colic and parental smoking.

PMID- 6434031
TI  - Provision of remedial therapists in geriatric medicine.

PMID- 6434032
TI  - Pituitary infarction and development of the empty sella syndrome after
      gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

PMID- 6434033
TI  - Factors affecting day to day incidence of stroke in Nottingham.

PMID- 6434035
TI  - Life changes: death of a spouse.

PMID- 6434034
TI  - Night workload in one health district.
AB  - The night work (11 pm-7 am) in primary care in one health district (population
      195 212 with 93 general practitioners) was studied over a three month period,
      starting 1 January 1983. The workload proved to be small (15% of all "out of
      hours" work for general practitioners). An average of three night visits was done
      a night in the whole health district, and 26 general practitioners were available
      for these. On average, over seven doctors were available each night for each
      patient who required a visit in primary care in the health district. It is
      concluded that there is only sufficient work for (at maximum) two doctors, and a
      system is proposed to make more efficient use of the general practitioner's time.

PMID- 6434036
TI  - GPs and their staff: dismissals: fair or unfair?

PMID- 6434037
TI  - Town Hall, Whitehall, and the NHS: health implications of controlling local
      government.

PMID- 6434038
TI  - The respiratory physician in a Third World district hospital.

PMID- 6434039
TI  - Dangers of adding insulin to intravenous infusion bags with fixed needle
      syringes.

PMID- 6434040
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Cardiovascular, neurological, and other complications.

PMID- 6434041
TI  - Facial rashes.

PMID- 6434042
TI  - Familial history of congenital hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6434043
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies in pregnancy.

PMID- 6434044
TI  - Smoking and insulin absorption.

PMID- 6434045
TI  - Low osmolar contrast media.

PMID- 6434046
TI  - Total and free thyroid hormone concentrations in patients receiving replacement
      treatment with thyroxine.

PMID- 6434047
TI  - Believing your husband has been replaced by an impostor because you have a
      pituitary tumour.

PMID- 6434048
TI  - The career structure--an indication for major surgery?

PMID- 6434049
TI  - Does moderate drinking cause mental impairment?

PMID- 6434050
TI  - Diabetes care: whose responsibility?

PMID- 6434051
TI  - Costs of teaching hospitals.

PMID- 6434052
TI  - Delayed deterioration of consciousness after trivial head injury in childhood.

PMID- 6434053
TI  - Intragastric bacterial activity and nitrosation before, during, and after
      treatment with omeprazole.
AB  - Ten healthy volunteers were studied before, during, and after treatment with
      omeprazole 30 mg daily for two weeks. On the 14th night mean nocturnal (2100
      0700) intragastric acidity was significantly decreased by 75% (p less than
      0.001). At 0700, 22 hours after the last dose of omeprazole, there were
      significant increases in the bacterial count and the nitrite and N-nitrosamine
      concentrations in the gastric juice (p less than 0.001). Three days later these
      changes had resolved. Short term treatment of healthy volunteers with omeprazole
      is associated with a short lived increase in the gastric bacterial flora, with
      endogenous production of N-nitroso compounds.

PMID- 6434054
TI  - Vasodepressor carotid sinus syncope.
AB  - There have been few reports of vasodepressor carotid sinus syncope, as opposed to
      the cardioinhibitory type, and no definitive treatment has been described. A 58
      year old man developed episodes of syncope after surgery and radiotherapy for a
      laryngeal tumour. The episodes were characterised by hypotension, sharp pain in
      the right neck, dizziness, and bradycardia. A temporary pacemaker failed to
      prevent the symptoms, but ephedrine and fludrocortisone produced substantial
      improvement. Of the four types of treatment used in carotid sinus syncope,
      irradiation was ruled out because the patient had had irradiation before
      developing syncope, surgery was inappropriate because of the laryngeal tumour,
      and pacing failed. Combined drug treatment with a vasoconstrictor and plasma
      volume expander produced an improvement in symptoms but did not eliminate them.

PMID- 6434055
TI  - Home births in England and Wales, 1979: perinatal mortality according to intended
      place of delivery.
AB  - A survey was carried out of all 8856 births occurring at home in England and
      Wales in 1979. Of these births, 67% had been booked for delivery at home, 21% had
      been booked for delivery in hospital, 3% had not been booked, and for 9% the
      intended place of delivery was unknown. The perinatal mortality varied almost 50
      fold according to the intended place of delivery, ranging from 4.1/1000 births in
      those booked for delivery at home to 196.6/1000 unbooked births. Deliveries that
      occurred at home but had been booked for a hospital consultant unit were
      associated with a perinatal mortality of 67.5/1000. Births that had been booked
      for delivery at home included the smallest proportion of babies of low birth
      weight: 2.5% weighed 2500 g or less compared with 18% of those booked for
      consultant units and 29% of those not booked. Within these low birthweight groups
      there were noticeable differences in perinatal mortality; births booked to occur
      at home had the lowest mortality and unbooked births had the highest. Perinatal
      mortality among babies who weighed more than 2500 g was generally low
      irrespective of the intended place of delivery; the only exception was in babies
      whose delivery had not been booked. In all groups perinatal mortality was
      considerably higher in nulliparous than parous women. Women booking a delivery at
      home are clearly a selected group, and some may have been transferred to hospital
      during labour and were thus not included in the survey. Nevertheless, these data
      suggest that the perinatal mortality among births booked to occur at home is low,
      especially for parous women.

PMID- 6434056
TI  - Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the elderly.
AB  - Two hundred subjects aged 60-89 were selected for a study aimed at defining a
      reference range for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the elderly. The study
      extended a previous survey in subjects aged 20-65. The results confirmed that the
      sedimentation rate increases with age and that women have higher values than men
      but suggested that over half of elderly patients with disease would have rates
      within the previously defined "normal" range. It is therefore suggested that an
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate exceeding 19 mm in the first hour in elderly men
      and 22 mm in the first hour in elderly women warrants investigation.

PMID- 6434057
TI  - Metabolic control of diabetes in general practice clinics: comparison with a
      hospital clinic.
AB  - An assessment was made of the degree of metabolic control achieved in diabetic
      patients attending mini clinics run by general practitioners compared with that
      in matched diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic. Patients were grouped
      according to whether they were being treated with diet alone, an oral
      hypoglycaemic, insulin once daily, or insulin twice daily. Statistical analysis
      showed no significant difference between patients attending mini clinics and
      those attending the hospital clinic in retrospective mean blood glucose,
      retrospective mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1), or prospective HbA1
      concentrations. General practitioners providing diabetic care on an organised
      basis can achieve a degree of glycaemic control in diabetic patients equal to
      that reached by a hospital clinic.

PMID- 6434058
TI  - Randomised controlled trial of routine hospital clinic care versus routine
      general practice care for type II diabetics.
AB  - Two hundred patients with type II diabetes were entered into a randomised
      controlled trial lasting five years to compare routine care of this condition by
      a hospital diabetic clinic with routine care in general practice. Fewer patients
      in the group being cared for by their general practitioner (general practice
      group) were regularly reviewed or had regular estimations of blood glucose
      concentration. More patients in the general practice group than in the hospital
      group were admitted to hospital for medical reasons during the study (25 (24%)
      compared with 17 (18%] and more patients in the general practice group died (18)
      than did in the hospital group (6). At the end of the study mean concentrations
      of haemoglobin A1 were higher in the general practice group (10.4%) than in the
      hospital group (9.5%). Routine care in general practice for patients with type II
      diabetes was less satisfactory than care by the hospital diabetic clinic.

PMID- 6434059
TI  - Kingella kingae septicaemia with a clinical presentation resembling disseminated
      gonococcal infection.

PMID- 6434060
TI  - Agranulocytosis caused by spironolactone.

PMID- 6434061
TI  - Relation between use of tampons and urogenital carriage of group B streptococci.

PMID- 6434062
TI  - Type A behaviour and heart disease prevalent in men in the Caerphilly study.

PMID- 6434063
TI  - Haemoglobin A1c concentrations in men and women with diabetes.

PMID- 6434064
TI  - Influence of patient characteristics on test ordering in general practice.
AB  - Information regarding all consultations was collected in seven general practices
      for one year. From these data we report on the use of laboratory tests and its
      association with patient characteristics--including social class, age, sex, and
      diagnosis--and with which doctor was consulted. Most of the requests were for
      technically simple tests of low cost. There was a noticeable variation in the use
      of tests with regard to all patient characteristics. Diagnosis, identity of
      doctor, age of patient, and social class were each shown by multivariate
      techniques to be independently related to use of tests. Whereas fewer tests were
      used per consultation for social classes III-V compared with other social
      classes, more were used per patient per year for these same groups, reflecting in
      part the higher consultation rates of social classes III-V. Variation in
      diagnoses fully accounted for the greater test ordering for women. Nearly two
      thirds of all tests were ordered for 10% of all patients who consulted and 7% of
      all registered patients. The results of our analysis suggest that this
      concentration is determined primarily by those patient characteristics most
      indicative of medical need and by which doctor is providing care.

PMID- 6434065
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Emergency drugs: agents used in the treatment of poisoning.

PMID- 6434066
TI  - Orthopaedic aids at low cost.

PMID- 6434067
TI  - Generalised pruritus.

PMID- 6434068
TI  - 'I have a bone stuck in my throat'.

PMID- 6434069
TI  - End of static decade for coronary disease?

PMID- 6434070
TI  - AIDS: an old disease from Africa?

PMID- 6434071
TI  - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and iritis: an association suggesting an
      immunological cause.

PMID- 6434072
TI  - Snoring and its treatment.

PMID- 6434073
TI  - Doses of aminophylline given intravenously in casualty.

PMID- 6434074
TI  - Deputising services.

PMID- 6434075
TI  - Planning health care in Scotland.

PMID- 6434076
TI  - Further developments in psychogeriatrics in Britain.

PMID- 6434077
TI  - How to induce ovarian cancer: and how not to.

PMID- 6434078
TI  - At least one centimetre for each millimetre.

PMID- 6434079
TI  - Do minor affective disorders need medication?

PMID- 6434080
TI  - Bedside neurology.

PMID- 6434081
TI  - Safety of treatment for subclinical osteomalacia in the elderly.
AB  - Forty one elderly patients admitted to hospital for acute illnesses were also
      found to have subclinical osteomalacia. Immediately before discharge, therefore,
      all were randomised to receive either vitamin D2 25 micrograms daily,
      alfacalcidol 0.5 micrograms daily, or placebo. Treatment was given for at least
      three months, those allocated to placebo then being switched to an active drug.
      Within the first three months of treatment with either of the active drugs most
      patients had exhibited a fall to normal in osteoid values. In only four treatment
      periods was there a mild increase in serum calcium concentration, and in no
      patient was this accompanied by deterioration in renal function. Any increase in
      serum creatinine concentration was invariably attributable to the underlying
      disease for which the patient had been admitted in the first place. Subclinical
      osteomalacia in the elderly may be corrected by relatively low doses of
      alfacalcidol (0.5 micrograms daily) or vitamin D2 (25 micrograms daily) given for
      three months. Such treatment is safe and not accompanied by a serious risk of
      hypercalcaemia or renal impairment.

PMID- 6434082
TI  - Is there a link between cot death and child abuse?
AB  - Forty five babies delivered in Oxford obstetric units who subsequently died
      unexpectedly in infancy were compared with 134 controls matched for maternal age,
      social class, parity, and year of birth to see whether five factors identified in
      an earlier study as predictive of subsequent child abuse would also predict the
      sudden infant death syndrome. Epidemiological findings had suggested certain
      similarities between the two events. In contrast with babies who were abused,
      four of the five factors did not distinguish between babies who died suddenly and
      unexpectedly and their controls, but there was a slight increase in the
      proportion of mothers of babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly for whom
      nursing staff thought that support and advice on feeding the baby were needed.
      Factors predictive of child abuse did not predict sudden infant death in this
      study.

PMID- 6434083
TI  - Lower cranial nerve motor function in unilateral vascular lesions of the cerebral
      hemisphere.
AB  - Motor function subserved by cranial nerves V, VII, X, XI, and XII was assessed in
      100 patients with hemiparesis due to a unilateral vascular lesion of the cerebral
      hemisphere. Several of the findings were not described clearly in many of the
      standard textbooks of neurology. Weakness of sternomastoid when present was
      always contralateral to the hemiparesis. This emphasises the principle that the
      cerebral hemisphere controls movement of the body parts in or towards the
      contralateral half of the body rather than simply the contralateral muscle
      groups. An apparent exception to this was seen, however, in the small group of
      patients who had unilateral weakness of the tongue. In those patients deviation
      of the tongue was towards the hemiparetic side--that is, the cerebral hemisphere
      controlled the contralateral half of the tongue and hence protrusion towards the
      ipsilateral side. Mild dysarthria was common with both right and left sided
      hemiparesis.

PMID- 6434084
TI  - Placebo controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum in general practice.
AB  - Of 2110 adult cigarette smokers originally recruited to a study of the effect of
      antismoking advice in general practice, 429 who reported at follow up after one
      year that they had tried unsuccessfully to stop smoking were offered "a special
      antismoking chewing gum," either nicotine gum or a placebo gum, in a double blind
      study. Of 200 who were willing to try the gum, 101 were randomly allocated to the
      nicotine gum and 99 to the placebo gum. They were followed up at six months by an
      unannounced home visit, at which they were interviewed and asked to provide a
      breath sample for analysis of carbon monoxide. Twenty five claimed that they had
      stopped smoking, but, of them, seven exhaled levels of carbon monoxide indicative
      of continued smoking. Of the 18 in whom giving up smoking was validated, 10 had
      received active gum and eight placebo gum, a difference which was not significant
      (odds in favour of nicotine gum = 1.25, 95% confidence limits 0.47-3.31). The
      value of nicotine chewing gum, if any, can be quite small when it is used in
      general practice.

PMID- 6434085
TI  - Diabetic thoracic polyradiculopathy presenting as abdominal swelling.

PMID- 6434086
TI  - Accumulation of midazolam after repeated dosage in patients receiving mechanical
      ventilation in an intensive care unit.

PMID- 6434087
TI  - Alerting close relatives of patients with glaucoma.

PMID- 6434088
TI  - Hypoxia, depression of testosterone, and impotence in pickwickian syndrome
      reversed by weight reduction.

PMID- 6434089
TI  - Recording the consultation: model for assessment.
AB  - A model has been devised that provides at a glance, a summary of the relative
      importance of the physical, psychological, and social aspects of a patient's
      problem as assessed at the consultation. Its presence in the notes, alongside a
      medical diagnosis, allows treatment to be planned along recognised lines, while
      still keeping other aspects of the problem in perspective. It is suggested that
      this may lead to more appropriate management.

PMID- 6434090
TI  - The team in general practice.

PMID- 6434091
TI  - How to beautify your old hospital.

PMID- 6434092
TI  - Ophthalmology in developing countries.

PMID- 6434094
TI  - Brucellosis in Britain.

PMID- 6434093
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in an urban community.
AB  - Over three months Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in faecal samples from
      43 (5%) of 867 patients presenting to their general practitioners with
      gastrointestinal symptoms. Cryptosporidium was the second most common enteric
      pathogen identified. Of the 867 patients, 329 were children aged under 5, of whom
      24 (7%) excreted Cryptosporidium. A characteristic clinical presentation of
      infection with Cryptosporidium was recognised--namely, mild gastroenteritis with
      four to six watery, mucoid, and offensive motions a day, which lasted for one to
      two weeks. The source of infection was not identified, but direct contact with
      farm animals was not a feature and no association with a common water supply
      could be established.

PMID- 6434095
TI  - Recent widespread scaly rashes.

PMID- 6434096
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Analgesic poisoning: I--salicylates.

PMID- 6434097
TI  - Current practice of diagnostic lumbar puncture.

PMID- 6434098
TI  - Indigenous amoebiasis: an important differential diagnosis of chronic
      inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6434099
TI  - Motor neurone disease: can we do better? A study of 42 patients.

PMID- 6434100
TI  - Ablative radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism: a long term follow up study.

PMID- 6434101
TI  - Prospective comparison of three non-invasive tests for pancreatic disease.

PMID- 6434102
TI  - Medical problems with breath testing of drunk drivers.

PMID- 6434103
TI  - Plasma lipids and insulin--gall stone disease: a case control study.

PMID- 6434104
TI  - Severe hypophosphataemia during recovery from acute respiratory acidosis.

PMID- 6434105
TI  - End of static decade for coronary disease?

PMID- 6434106
TI  - Psittacosis.

PMID- 6434107
TI  - Who does what, and how much in the preschool child health services in England.

PMID- 6434108
TI  - Failures of the cervical cytology screening programme.

PMID- 6434109
TI  - Children on motorcycles: a cause for concern.

PMID- 6434110
TI  - Replacement of surfactant in hyaline membrane disease.

PMID- 6434111
TI  - Sepsis and cholestasis.

PMID- 6434112
TI  - Cysticercosis: a new hope.

PMID- 6434113
TI  - Oral gold for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6434114
TI  - Return of splenic function after splenectomy: how much tissue is needed?
AB  - Ninety patients whose spleen had been removed either because of trauma (41 cases)
      or as an elective procedure (49) were investigated for return of splenic function
      by counting pitted red cells and examining spleen scans made after injection of
      heat damaged 99mTc labelled red cells. There was no significant difference in the
      proportion of pitted red cells between the two groups of patients. Evidence of
      splenic tissue in scintiscans was not invariably associated with low pitted red
      cell values, suggesting that the presence of splenic tissue did not necessarily
      mean return of splenic function. In every patient whose proportion of pitted red
      cells was less than 16.2% the scintiscan showed splenic uptake. The proportion of
      patients with pitted red cell values below 16.2% was significantly higher in the
      group operated on for trauma, and it is concluded that this was due to splenosis.
      A high inverse correlation between pitted red cell counts and computed splenic
      volumes was found. Patients with pitted red cell values of less than 16.2% had
      computed volumes of 22-133 cm3; below this range the proportion of pitted red
      cells rose very sharply. These results confirm that splenosis occurs in adults,
      though less often than in children, and suggest that when splenic tissue is to be
      implanted a graft of at least 20-30 cm3 is needed to ensure satisfactory return
      of splenic function.

PMID- 6434115
TI  - Mortality among reverse chutta smokers in south India.
AB  - A 10 year follow up study was performed of tobacco usage and oral disease in a
      random sample of 10 169 persons in Srikakulam district between 1967 and 1976. Age
      adjusted mortality rates in those who indulged in reverse smoking of chuttas
      (coarse cheroots) were nearly twice those of non-users of tobacco. Oral cancer
      explained only a small fraction of the excess mortality but reliable information
      was not available for other causes of death.

PMID- 6434116
TI  - Mechanism of polyuria and natriuresis in atrioventricular nodal tachycardia.
AB  - A woman with tachycardia associated with polyuria was investigated.
      Electrophysiological analysis showed that the tachycardia was an atrioventricular
      nodal re-entrant tachycardia. Programmed stimulation was then used to provoke and
      sustain the tachycardia for 40 minutes. Polyuria, with an appreciable increase in
      free water clearance, was observed. This was associated with reduction in plasma
      and urinary arginine vasopressin concentrations. Appreciable natriuresis also
      developed. These results support the hypothesis that the polyuria with increased
      free water clearance and the natriuresis occurring during sustained tachycardia
      in man are due to inhibition of secretion of vasopressin and the release of
      natriuretic factor.

PMID- 6434117
TI  - Is there a place in the United Kingdom for intensive antacid treatment for
      chronic peptic ulceration?
AB  - Sixty nine patients with chronic duodenal or juxtapyloric ulceration were studied
      in a prospective double blind randomised trial to compare the efficacy of antacid
      and placebo at high (30 ml seven times daily) and low (10 ml as required) doses.
      After four weeks ulcers had healed in 12 out of 18 patients (67%) receiving "low
      dose" antacid compared with in six out of 17 patients (35%) receiving low dose
      placebo; ulcers had also healed in six out of 19 patients (32%) receiving "high
      dose" antacid compared with in two out of 15 patients (13%) receiving high dose
      placebo. Overall, the effect of antacid was superior to that of placebo in
      healing ulcers (p less than 0.05) and the effect of low dose treatment was
      superior to that of high dose treatment (p less than 0.01). There were no
      significant differences between antacid and placebo at eight weeks. Antacid was
      better than placebo in relieving pain, but the difference was not significant.
      Poor compliance and high incidence of diarrhoea made high dose antacid an
      impractical treatment. Low dose antacid was associated with a significantly
      better rate of healing than high dose antacid and was far better tolerated. This
      low dosage of antacid should be considered to be an active treatment in trials of
      ulcer healing.

PMID- 6434118
TI  - Blood lead concentration, blood pressure, and renal function.
AB  - Blood lead concentrations were related to blood pressure and indicators of renal
      function in a clinical survey of 7735 middle aged men from 24 British towns.
      There was no overall evidence that blood lead concentrations were associated with
      systolic or diastolic blood pressure (r = +0.03 and +0.01, respectively). In the
      74 men with a blood lead concentration of 1.8 mumol/l (37.3 micrograms/100 ml) or
      more there was some suggestion of increased hypertension, but this did not reach
      significance. Blood lead concentration did not have any relation with serum
      creatinine concentration. Moderate increases in blood lead concentration were
      associated with small increases in mean serum urate concentration and small
      decreases in mean serum urea concentration; these associations were both reduced
      when alcohol consumption was taken into account. There is no indication that
      exposure to lead at concentrations commonly encountered in British men is
      responsible for impaired renal function or increased blood pressure.

PMID- 6434119
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias during rewarming of patients with accidental hypothermia.
AB  - Accidental hypothermia has a high mortality and is associated with cardiac
      arrhythmias. To determine the incidence of arrhythmias and their importance 22
      patients with accidental hypothermia (core temperature less than 35 degrees C)
      were studied by 12 lead electrocardiography and continuous recording of cardiac
      rhythm. Although 14 of the patients died (64%), only six died while hypothermic.
      Prolongation of the Q-T interval and the presence of J waves were related to the
      severity of the hypothermia. Supraventricular arrhythmias, including atrial
      fibrillation, were common (nine cases) and benign. Ventricular extrasystoles were
      also common (10 cases), but ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation did not occur
      during rewarming. In eight patients who died while being monitored the terminal
      rhythm was asystole. There was no correlation between the severity of hypothermia
      or the rate of rewarming and the clinical outcome. In the absence of malignant
      arrhythmias there is no indication for using prophylactic antiarrhythmic
      treatment in patients with accidental hypothermia. The presence or absence of
      severe underlying disease is the main determinant of prognosis.

PMID- 6434120
TI  - Motorcycling injuries in children.

PMID- 6434121
TI  - Nocturnal deaths among patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

PMID- 6434122
TI  - Dexamethasone and high dose metoclopramide: efficacy in controlling cisplatin
      induced nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 6434123
TI  - Impaction of a foreign body in the palate.

PMID- 6434124
TI  - Indications for hepatitis B immunoglobulin for neonates of HBsAg carrier mothers.

PMID- 6434125
TI  - Immune response of neonates to oral poliomyelitis vaccine.

PMID- 6434126
TI  - Survival after prolonged cardiac arrest and accidental hypothermia.

PMID- 6434127
TI  - Is hypokalaemia the cause of paralysis in barium poisoning?

PMID- 6434128
TI  - Quinquennial cervical smears: every woman's right and every general
      practitioner's responsibility.
AB  - Out of 558 women aged 16 to 64 who were registered with one general practitioner,
      459 were eligible to be screened for cervical cancer. Even though the practice
      had been taking cervical smears for many years, they were predominantly from
      women under 35. Of the eligible women between 35 and 64, 111 (37%) had never had
      a smear. After short term intensive screening the uptake rates, defined by a
      smear done within the past five years, rose to 100% for women under 35, 94% for
      those aged 35 to 64, and 96% for all eligible women. Screening was rewarding both
      in its clinical yield and in the income generated by item of service payment. The
      success of screening was largely due to the participation of practice nurses in
      taking smears, and to a new method of recording smear results and claims for
      them. Some women, however, refused to have cervical smears.

PMID- 6434129
TI  - Discrimination in employment.

PMID- 6434130
TI  - Menopause: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6434131
TI  - Are patients with abnormal cervical smears adequately managed?
AB  - The outcome was assessed for all 1062 women in Nottingham who had a first report
      of abnormal cervical cytology in 1981. Satisfactory follow up could be found for
      only 628 (59%) of them. For 275 (26%) one subsequent normal smear had been
      reported but no further follow up requested. For 43 (4%), no subsequent test,
      after the abnormal smear, had been requested by the patient's general
      practitioner. Thirty patients (3%), 22 of whom had been tested at a special
      clinic, had not responded to a request for follow up. Even after extensive
      efforts we could not find the outcome in the remaining 86 (8%) of the patients.
      Adequate follow up of patients with abnormal cervical cytology is not being
      achieved. Improvements in the records systems and some changes in procedure
      should be made to reduce this problem.

PMID- 6434132
TI  - Organisation of a programme for cervical cancer screening. ICRF coordinating
      committee on cervical screening.

PMID- 6434133
TI  - Cervical smear histories of 500 women with invasive cervical cancer in Yorkshire.
AB  - The smear histories of 312 women with cancer of the cervix have been determined.
      Eighty nine women had had at least one negative smear reported in the 10 years
      before a diagnosis of cancer and 14 had had more than one negative smear. Fifty
      six of the 89 women had had a negative smear in the three years preceding the
      diagnosis of cancer. The highest number of negative smears (61) reported was
      among the 115 women aged under 45. Fifty eight slides reported as negative were
      submitted to independent review; 13 were subsequently reported as negative, 11 as
      unsatisfactory, and 34 as abnormal. These findings may in part explain why in
      this region there has been a disappointing reduction in the incidence of
      clinically invasive cervix cancer, and our findings may also apply elsewhere.
      Nevertheless, the confirmed negative smears chiefly occurred within three years
      of clinical cancer, particularly in the younger women, and this finding suggests
      that these women may have a short preinvasive phase.

PMID- 6434134
TI  - Care of the newborn.

PMID- 6434135
TI  - Pulmonary thromboembolism presenting as abdominal pain.

PMID- 6434136
TI  - Urticaria and angio-oedema.

PMID- 6434137
TI  - Brendoncare: an initiative in the care of the elderly.

PMID- 6434138
TI  - Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients.

PMID- 6434139
TI  - Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.

PMID- 6434140
TI  - General practitioners should be able to prescribe enuresis alarms on the NHS.

PMID- 6434141
TI  - Modifying risk of developing lung cancer by changing habits of cigarette smoking.

PMID- 6434142
TI  - Induction of aneuploidy, a cluster of babies with Down's syndrome, and a
      potential danger with in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 6434143
TI  - Drugs and intravenous fluids.

PMID- 6434144
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta 1984.

PMID- 6434145
TI  - Age-sex registers as a screening tool for general practice: size of the wrong
      address problem.

PMID- 6434146
TI  - An open letter to the chairman of the working party on part time postgraduate
      training.

PMID- 6434147
TI  - Growth hormone releasing factor increases growth hormone release from MtTW15
      pituitary tumors.
AB  - The MtTW15 pituitary tumor secretes growth hormone and prolactin. Perfusion of
      these dispersed MtTW15 tumor cells with 10 nM growth hormone releasing factor
      (GRF) increases growth hormone release without affecting prolactin release. This
      effect is dose-dependent between 0.001 and 0.1 nM and is blocked by 100 nM
      somatostatin. These findings suggest that this tumor and clones derived from it
      may be valuable tools in studying the cellular mechanisms of action of GRF and
      somatostatin.

PMID- 6434148
TI  - Effect of nomifensine on the toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine for mesotelencephalic
      dopamine neurons.
AB  - The ability of nomifensine to protect the dopaminergic cells of the substantia
      nigra and ventral tegmental areas against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced destruction
      was evaluated. Nomifensine at high doses (20 mg/kg, i.p.) protected the cells
      from the effects of low amounts of 6-hydroxydopamine (2 micrograms) injected
      intracerebrally. This protective effect was markedly decreased with an increased
      amount of 6-hydroxydopamine (8 micrograms), or by lower doses of nomifensine (6.7
      mg/kg). These doses of nomifensine are higher than those required to protect
      dopaminergic nerve terminals.

PMID- 6434149
TI  - The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, increases REM and slow wave sleep in
      the dog.
AB  - The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, increases REM and deep slow-wave in
      dogs at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally. These actions are opposite to that of
      diazepam. This suggests either that Ro 15-1788 possesses hitherto undescribed
      intrinsic partial inverse agonist activity or that it is antagonizing an
      endogenous benzodiazepine-like substance which is involved in modulating sleep
      wakefulness.

PMID- 6434150
TI  - Freeze-fracture ultrastructure of the perinodal astrocyte and associated glial
      junctions.
AB  - Freeze-fracture examination of nodes of Ranvier from adult rat optic nerve
      demonstrates the presence of astrocytic processes at the majority of nodes of
      Ranvier. Astrocytic processes often run along the entire length of the nodal gap,
      although they do not necessarily encircle the entire nodal circumference. The E-
      and P-fracture faces and the cross-fractured cytoplasm of these astrocytes
      (termed 'perinodal astrocytes') were examined. The cytoplasm of perinodal
      astrocytes contains 10-nm filaments. The P-faces of perinodal astrocytic
      membranes are characterized by orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particles
      ('assemblies'), with a center-to-center periodicity of approximately equal to 6
      nm. Complementary orthogonally arranged pits are observed on the E-faces of the
      astrocytic membranes. The density of these arrays in perinodal astrocytic
      membranes is similar to that in parenchymal astrocytic membranes, but is
      substantially lower than that at pericapillary astrocytic membranes. In addition,
      gap junctions are present between astrocytes, and between astrocytes and
      paranodal oligodendroglial layers. These findings indicate that astrocytic
      processes comprise an important structural component of central nodes of Ranvier,
      and provide a morphological basis for a possible astrocytic role in nodal
      function.

PMID- 6434151
TI  - Theoretical interpretation of extraction (in brain) of peptides including
      concentration variations.
AB  - The transport properties of several peptides across blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      have been investigated theoretically in terms of simple diffusion and facilitated
      diffusion processes. Comparison of the calculated results from the simple
      diffusion and the experimental data reveals the presence of the facilitated
      diffusion of these substances which we have conceived of as a carrier-mediated
      process. The values of the partition coefficients f for these peptides were in
      the range 7 X 10(-4) less than or equal to f less than or equal to 200 X 10(-4).
      The calculated f values gave permeabilities, Ps, in lipids between 10(-7) less
      than or equal to Ps less than or equal to 14 X 10(-7) cm/s. These values were
      then used to estimate the extraction for peptides from simple diffusion alone
      which vary from 0.3 to 3.5% compared with the experimental extraction (0.4-12%)
      indicating the inadequacy of the simple diffusion alone to explain the
      experimental data. As for the carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion process we
      have used the activated-complex theory. The extraction in this case depends on
      the maximal rate of transport (Tmax)f and the reciprocal of the affinity constant
      Kt for the transport of peptides through BBB. We have deduced that (Tmax)f
      approximately 0.46 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 0.35 nM for Met
      enkephalin (Met-ENK), Leu-enkephalin (Leu-ENK), glutathione, carnosine, alpha-MSH
      and MIF and (Tmax)f approximately 10 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 7
      nM for AVP, beta LT, beta E and alpha E to explain the observed results. We have
      also obtained the quantitative variation of extraction with concentration of
      peptides in the brain-capillary and have established that the extraction
      decreases with increasing concentration of peptides, tending to a small constant
      value at high concentrations. It has been inferred that carrier-mediated
      facilitated diffusion is important for the transport of peptides across BBB.

PMID- 6434152
TI  - The comparative distribution of xenopsin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity
      in Xenopus laevis and rat tissues.
AB  - The regional distribution of xenopsin-like immunoreactivity (XPLI) and of
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) was studied by radioimmunoassay in
      tissues of Xenopus laevis and rat. In Xenopus laevis, XPLI showed a wide
      distribution throughout central and peripheral tissues with the highest
      concentration in the skin; NTLI was found in both central and peripheral tissues
      with the exception of the skin. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25 was used in
      order to characterize the immunoreactive material; both XPLI and NTLI eluted in a
      single peak at the position of synthetic xenopsin and neurotensin. No XPLI could
      be detected in central and peripheral tissues from mouse, rat, guinea-pig, rabbit
      or cat. In contrast, NTLI was found in a variety of peripheral tissues of the rat
      and it coeluted with synthetic neurotensin on reverse phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography. It is probably present in preganglionic parasympathetic
      nerve fibres.

PMID- 6434153
TI  - Lesion-induced DA supersensitivity in aging C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Lesion-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity was investigated in 4-, 10-, and 28
      month-old C57BL/6J mice. Apomorphine-induced rotational behavior was examined 5,
      10, and 20 days after destruction of the dopamine-containing nigro-striatal
      pathway by intrastriatal infusion of 6-OHDA. No major differences between ages
      were observed in the extent or rate of development of contralateral rotation. It
      is concluded that age-differences in dopaminergic supersensitization are
      dependent upon the nature and/or severity of the sensitizing stimulus.

PMID- 6434154
TI  - The dorsal tegmental nucleus: an axoplasmic transport study.
AB  - The afferent and efferent connections of the dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN) were
      studied in the rat using axoplasmic transport techniques. Horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) and Fast Blue were injected stereotaxically into either pars centralis or
      pars ventromedialis of the DTN, two subdivisions of the nucleus with distinctive
      connections. The pars centralis is reciprocally connected with the ipsilateral
      lateral mammillary and interpeduncular nuclei; these projections constitute the
      major afferent and efferent systems of the DTN. Commissural fibers from the
      corresponding pars centralis and intrinsic fibers systems are massive and form a
      complex fiber meshwork within the subnucleus. The prepositus hypoglossi nucleus
      (ipsilateral) and supragenualis nuclei (bilateral) also project to the pars
      centralis. Smaller numbers of afferent fibers arise from the lateral habenular
      nucleus, the posterior hypothalamus and the brainstem reticular formation. The
      pars ventromedialis of the DTN receives diverse inputs which include the septal
      nuclei, diagonal band of Broca, preoptic area, anterior and lateral hypothalamus,
      lateral and medial habenular nuclei, medial mammillary nucleus and many nuclei of
      the brainstem reticular formation. Based on the differences of connections and
      cytoarchitecture between the pars centralis and the pars ventromedialis, the pars
      ventromedialis may be an entity separate from the dorsal tegmental nucleus.

PMID- 6434155
TI  - The anxiogenic action of Ro 15-1788 is reversed by chronic, but not by acute,
      treatment with chlordiazepoxide.
AB  - The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, Ro 15-1788 (10 mg/kg) is anxiogenic in
      the social interaction test. Acute administration of chlordiazepoxide (5 or 10
      mg/kg) did not reverse the anxiogenic effects of Ro 15-1788; however, in animals
      pretreated with chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) for 5 days prior to testing, there was
      a reduction in the anxiety produced by Ro 15-1788.

PMID- 6434156
TI  - Focal and diffuse metabolic changes in the spinal cord of the monkey elicited by
      microstimulation of differing motor cortical foci.
AB  - The pattern of projections from identified motor cortical efferent zones onto the
      spinal cord was examined in the monkey using a combination of microstimulation
      and [14C]2-deoxyglucose metabolic labeling. Regional differences were found in
      the branching patterns between the projections of proximal and distal forelimb
      foci of the motor cortex onto the spinal cord. Cortical efferent zones related to
      proximal movements project extensively within the spinal cord activating numerous
      motor nuclei. In contrast, the corticospinal projection of a distal movement zone
      was found to be significantly more restricted in overall rostrocaudal extent
      projecting with greatest density onto a small focal region of the ventrolateral
      horn.

PMID- 6434157
TI  - Simultaneous hypertrophy of cells related to each eye in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus of the infant monkey following short-term reverse suture.
AB  - Three infant monkeys were monocularly deprived from birth and reverse sutured at
      3 weeks of age for a further period of 1, 2 or 5 weeks before perfusion. Cell
      areas were measured in the lateral geniculate nuclei and compared to those in
      normal monkeys and in monkeys following monocular closure. One week after reverse
      suture, cells in the initially deprived parvocellular laminae were 17% larger
      than normal and those in the initially undeprived laminae were 28% larger than
      normal. The initially undeprived parvocellular cells then shrank back to 14%
      larger than normal at 2 and 5 weeks while the initially deprived cells also
      remained hypertrophied. Following reverse suture at 3 weeks of age cells in
      parvocellular LGN laminae related to both eyes are simultaneously hypertrophied
      until at least 8 weeks of age and the LGN is therefore markedly abnormal even
      though the size difference between initially deprived and undeprived cells has
      been cancelled.

PMID- 6434158
TI  - Deafferentation in animals as a model for the study of pain: an alternative
      hypothesis.
AB  - The notion that post-deafferentation autonomy is a pain response is unsupported
      by the results of studies with neurotoxins. The selective massive destruction of
      a fiber system considered essential to normal nociception--unmyelinated primary
      afferent axons--prior to deafferenting nerve lesions did not stop or even
      significantly impede post-denervation DI despite massive evidence from humans and
      animals that pain following nerve lesions originates in the periphery and is
      generated by abnormal discharges in the injured nerve. In addition, when a
      reduction in abnormal impulse discharges of both large and small injured sensory
      axons could be inferred following neonatal sympathectomy, DI was not reduced in
      incidence or severity. This latter observation (1) provides further support for a
      dissociation between DI and pain, since any contribution of myelinated primary
      afferent axons to painful pathology probably was substantially reduced by
      sympathectomy and (2) suggests that DI also may be unrelated to non-painful
      sensory pathology attributable to abnormal activity in the thick-diameter fiber
      population. These findings and an evaluation of other relevant observations
      suggest that DI may not be a manifestation of deafferentation pain and perhaps
      this animal model for the experimental study of pain should be discarded. An
      alternative view of DI, reconcilable with known properties of this behavior, is
      that it reflects a proclivity in some species and circumstances to shed a
      functionally-impaired insensate appendage.

PMID- 6434159
TI  - Plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone,
      androgen, growth hormone, prolactin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine during growth
      and sexual development in the cockerel.
AB  - Changes in concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), androgen, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl),
      thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured during growth and sexual
      maturation in broiler cockerels reared in continuous light to 7 weeks and 14 h
      light/d thereafter. Concentrations of LH and FSH began to increase between 13 and
      15 weeks, while those of androgens increased between 16 and 17 weeks. FSH
      concentration increased faster than that of LH. Concentrations of GH and Prl were
      high at 3 weeks; that of GH decreasing progressively between 3 and 14 weeks of
      age and thereafter remaining low, while that of Prl was low between 5 and 9
      weeks, relatively high between 10 and 13 weeks, and then temporarily decreasing
      before increasing progressively during sexual maturation. Concentrations of T3
      and T4 were higher in juvenile than in adult birds.

PMID- 6434160
TI  - [Immunologic identification: phylogenic implications].

PMID- 6434161
TI  - [Health economics].

PMID- 6434162
TI  - [Peroperative echography in hepatobiliary surgery].

PMID- 6434163
TI  - Fc and complement receptor integrity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells following
      thermal injury.
AB  - In patients sustaining thermal injury, a sequential study was formulated to
      evaluate Fc and complement receptor expression of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN).
      Additionally, the role of factors in burn sera and maturity of PMN cells in the
      circulation were studied. The salient features of the study were: Marked
      reduction in Fc receptor expression by the 5th day of injury in both survivors
      and non-survivors. Thereafter levels gradually increased in survivors, though
      they were still below the normal range. In non-survivors, the depression was
      severe and persistent. In contrast to Fc receptor expression, complement receptor
      integrity was not grossly affected in both survivors and non-survivors. Burn sera
      collected from survivors on the 5th and 13th post-burn day showed reduction in Fc
      receptor expression of normal PMN cells, whereas sera obtained a month after the
      injury exhibited no inhibitory effect. Non-survivors sera inhibited Fc receptor
      expression of normal PMN cells on 5th, 13th and 21st post-burn days. The
      appearance, increase and disappearance of immature PMN cells in the circulation
      was correlated with the clinical progress of the patient. Mechanisms involved in
      the aberrations and its implications are discussed.

PMID- 6434164
TI  - Purine metabolism in human T lymphocytes: role of the purine nucleoside cycle.
AB  - Human intrathymic T lymphocytes were separated by a bovine serum albumin density
      gradient into a population of G1-phase small thymocytes and a population of S
      phase-enriched large thymocytes. Purine metabolism was studied in these thymocyte
      populations, representing immature T lymphocytes, and compared with the
      metabolism of mature T lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood. De novo
      purine biosynthesis was highly cell cycle dependent; i.e., de novo purine
      biosynthetic activity was found only in large S-phase thymocytes, whereas both G1
      T-cell populations lacked any significant activity. Thus G1-phase small
      thymocytes and G1-phase peripheral blood T lymphocytes have only salvage pathways
      to maintain their purine nucleotide pools. Despite the similarity of purine
      salvage activities in G1 thymocytes and in peripheral blood T lymphocytes, small
      thymocytes have fourfold lower levels of purine nucleoside triphosphates. The
      decreased levels of purine nucleotides in G1 thymocytes may be the result of
      increased purine efflux. It was found that an unusually large proportion (24-48%)
      of hypoxanthine incorporated by G1 thymocytes is excreted into the medium in the
      form of inosine.

PMID- 6434165
TI  - Meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. V. Univalent behavior in In(1)sc4Lsc8R/BsY
      males.
AB  - Univalent behavior during meiosis has been examined in Drosophila melanogaster
      males possessing the In(1)sc4Lsc8R X chromosome using light microscopy and serial
      section electron microscopy. Males from two stocks, displaying high (0.40) and
      low (0.14) frequencies of sex chromosome nondisjunction, have been investigated.
      The results demonstrate that (i) sex chromosomes are more intimately paired
      during prometaphase I in males from the low nondisjunction stock than in males
      from the high nondisjunction stock, and (ii) the univalents are distributed to
      the poles in an unbiased manner during meiosis rather than by directed
      segregation of both univalents to the same pole as previously determined for
      other In(1)sc4Lsc8R/Y males.

PMID- 6434166
TI  - Lung lesions in bovine fetuses aborted by Brucella abortus.
AB  - Considering the poor facilities available for microbiological diagnosis in some
      countries where Brucella abortus is a frequent cause of bovine abortion, a study
      was conducted to determine if isolation of B. abortus from an aborted bovine
      fetus could be predicted from a detailed histological study of the formalized
      lung. Thirty-nine samples of B. abortus positive and 20 negative fetal samples
      were examined for the presence of 14 different pulmonary lesions. Differences in
      the frequency of observed lesions between the positive and negative groups, were
      determined by odds ratios and chi square statistic. The confidence of the
      prediction was calculated by means of the logistic computer model. The frequency
      of eight lung lesions was found to be significantly (p less than 0.05) different
      between the groups; nevertheless, these lesions were not specific enough to be
      able to incriminate B. abortus as the cause of abortion.

PMID- 6434167
TI  - Evaluation of criteria for the postmortem diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of
      swine.
AB  - Ten swine from each of five herds believed to be affected with mycoplasmal
      pneumonia of swine and ten swine from each of five herds believed to be
      mycoplasmal pneumonia-free were selected for postmortem study. Lungs from the 100
      swine were examined; grossly and microscopically for lesions typical of
      mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and culturally and by an indirect
      immunofluorescent procedure for the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
      Nineteen of the lungs had both gross and microscopic lesions typical of
      mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and 13 (68%) of these were infected, i.e. were
      culturally and/or indirect immunofluorescent positive. Absence of gross lesions
      did not prove freedom from mycoplasmal pneumonia, 14 of 73 (19%) grossly normal
      lungs were found to be infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Comparison of the indirect
      immunofluorescent and cultural examination, as methods of diagnosing mycoplasma
      pneumonia, revealed that neither procedure alone was reliable in the case of
      negative results. Ten lungs were indirect immunofluorescent negative and
      culturally positive and seven were culturally negative and indirect
      immunofluorescent positive (11 lungs were positive by both procedures). It was
      concluded that a definitive diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine requires
      that M. hyopneumoniae be visualized in indirect immunofluorescent stained lung
      sections or that it be recovered culturally.

PMID- 6434168
TI  - Treatment of seasonal conjunctivitis: comparison of 2% and 4% sodium cromoglycate
      ophthalmic solutions.
AB  - In a double-blind, noncrossover, group study a 2% ophthalmic solution of sodium
      cromoglycate (Opticrom) was compared with a 4% solution in the treatment of
      ragweed-pollen-induced conjunctivitis. The 22 female and 18 male patients,
      ranging in age from 10 to 61 years, had a history of troublesome eye symptoms
      during the ragweed season for at least 2 years and had previously obtained
      minimal relief with the 2% solution. They were randomly assigned to two treatment
      groups in matched pairs and instructed to use one drop of the medication in each
      eye four times a day for 4 weeks. Treatment efficacy was evaluated from the
      patients' daily diaries, periodic clinical assessments and subjective reports by
      the patients at the end of the trial. Analysis of the symptom severity scores and
      evaluations by both the patients and the clinician indicated that the 4% solution
      was more effective than the 2% solution in controlling the symptoms. No local or
      systemic side effects were encountered.

PMID- 6434169
TI  - [Retinopathy due to canthazanthine: 2. Predisposing factors].
AB  - A retrospective study of 14 cases of retinopathy due to canthaxanthine, a
      carotenoid recently used as a skin-tanning agent, revealed that several clinical
      factors were associated with an increased susceptibility to retinal deposits:
      focal epitheliopathy, ocular hypertension and, possibly, the concurrent use of
      beta-carotene. Age has already been established as such a factor.

PMID- 6434170
TI  - A turbidimetric and electron microscopic study of the effects of several
      parameters on the lysis of Streptococcus faecalis by lysozyme.
AB  - The lytic effect of lysozyme on Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 was studied by
      spectrophotometry and electron microscopy and it was found to be highly dependent
      on the ionic strength of the suspending media and on the ratio lysozyme to
      bacterial cell mass. When 7.2 X 10(8) bacteria/mL are exposed to 0.4 mg/mL of
      lysozyme in media with low ionic strength, the enzyme is bound in great amounts,
      as deduced from protein determinations and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS--PAGE); the binding prevents bacteriolysis in spite of
      the removal of the cell wall. Extensive lysis of S. faecalis could be obtained by
      reducing the ratio of lysozyme to bacterial cell mass. Stabilization of S.
      faecalis by lysozyme was also observed when exponential phase cells incubated
      under conditions that promote spontaneous autolysis (incubation in 0.05 M
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, pH 8.0, ionic strength = 0.01675) do not
      lyse and do not leak material which absorbs at 260 nm when lysozyme was present
      at the highest concentration.

PMID- 6434171
TI  - Tube duodenostomy--a safe method for managing perforated duodenal diverticulum.

PMID- 6434172
TI  - Priorities for research in continuing medical education: a Canadian perspective.

PMID- 6434173
TI  - Characteristics of clients generating high administrative workload in a long-term
      care program.

PMID- 6434174
TI  - A geriatric assessment unit in a long-term care facility.

PMID- 6434175
TI  - Depression and its treatment in alcoholics: a review.
AB  - The relationship between Affective Disorder and Alcoholism is complex and has
      been studied extensively. Increased rates of depression are reported in
      alcoholics and in families of alcoholics. Some studies report that drinking
      behaviour may be influenced by the coexistence of depressive disorder while
      others indicate that depressed mood has little impact on the course and treatment
      of alcoholism. Some people who are depressed turn to alcohol as a form of self
      medication and many of these have positive results from it, both due to the
      pharmacological effects of the drug and the self-limiting nature of most
      depressive episodes. Those with more severe depression, however, are less likely
      to benefit in this way. Excessive alcohol taken under such circumstances results
      in diminishing returns; alcohol becomes more of a contributor to the problem than
      a solution to it. There is no convincing evidence that drugs including anti
      depressants and lithium are effective in the treatment of depressed alcoholics,
      except for those minority of patients where the diagnosis of primary affective
      disorder can be established. In such cases the indications for lithium and anti
      depressant usage are similar as for non alcoholics with affective disorder.
      Decisions about the choice of treatment to be offered the alcoholic must be made
      as quickly and as accurately as possible and can only be done after a careful
      assessment, which may include hospitalization. It is worth noting that the
      pharmacologically induced depression of heavy drinking and the depression
      associated with the withdrawal phase may be clinically similar to the depression
      of primary affective disorder.

PMID- 6434176
TI  - Effects of intravesical instillation of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents on
      bladder carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.
AB  - The effects of intravesical instillation of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (ADR), and
      mitomycin C (MMC), as inhibitors of development of rat bladder tumors, were
      examined in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN).
      Intravesical instillation of ADR or MMC once a week for 12 weeks into rats
      pretreated with BBN for 4 weeks markedly enhanced development of bladder tumors.
      That is, one week after the end of intravesical instillation of these compounds
      the incidence of papillary or nodular hyperplasias, namely preneoplastic lesions,
      was significantly increased, and at the end of the experiment the incidence of
      not only papillary or nodular hyperplasias but also of papillomas and cancers was
      significantly increased. These results indicate that the intravesical
      instillation of ADR or MMC promotes two-stage bladder carcinogenesis in rats.

PMID- 6434177
TI  - Does total parenteral nutrition (TPN) really promote tumor growth? A morphometric
      study.
AB  - An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) on tumor growth in rats. Sato lung cancer was transplanted
      subcutaneously in male Donryu rats. Two weeks after inoculation, experimental
      animals were divided into three groups: Group I (5% G); Group II (21% G, 4% A.A;
      TPN) received intravenous infusion through cervical vein; Group III rats were
      maintained on a regular diet. All of the animals were killed on the eighth day.
      There was a significant increase in tumor volume and tumor weight in both G-II
      (7.3 +/- 3.9 cm3, 8.7 +/- 6.3 g) and G-III (7.4 +/- 4.6 cm3, 9.7 +/- 5.4 g), as
      compared with G-I (3.3 +/- 1.4 cm3, 3.7 +/- 1.9 g). In morphometric studies, an
      average area of tumor cell in G-II was 267 +/- 172 microns2, being significantly
      larger than in G-I (195 +/- 95 microns2) or G-III (185 +/- 93 microns2). The
      nuclear diameter of tumor cell was 9.9 +/- 2.2 microns in G-II, 9.2 +/- 1.9
      micron in G-III, and 8.5 +/- 1.5 micron in G-I, respectively. Total water balance
      throughout the experimental period was +84.0 +/- 14.5 ml/100 g BW in G-II, +86.3
      +/- 8.2 ml/100 g BW in G-III, and +44.8 +/- 22.5 ml/100 g body weight in G-I,
      respectively. Increased tumor volume and tumor weight found in G-II may not be
      due to hyperplasia of each tumor cell, but rather due possibly to water retention
      in tumor tissue.

PMID- 6434178
TI  - Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease in Algerians. II. Ultrastructural
      studies in alpha-chain disease.
AB  - The plasma cell infiltrate of the small intestine in alpha-chain disease has been
      studied ultrastructurally in an attempt to determine whether there is a
      significant nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony that could be used as evidence for the
      neoplastic nature of the disease, even in its early stages. No such asynchrony
      was identified. In the early stages of the disease, the infiltrate was mainly of
      slightly immature plasma cells indistinguishable from those of coeliac disease.
      Later stages were marked by the presence of less differentiated immunoblastic
      cells arising in the deep mucosa and infiltrating into glands. Multinucleate
      plasmacytoid cells were thought to be degenerate cells. The significance of these
      findings is discussed in relation to the nature of alpha-chain disease and
      immunoproliferative small intestinal disease in general.

PMID- 6434179
TI  - Cancer chromosome breakpoints and common fragile sites induced by aphidicolin.
AB  - A new class of fragile sites termed common fragile sites is induced by
      aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. Analysis of these common
      fragile sites and cancer chromosome breakpoints indicates that eight fragile
      sites are in bands with cancer breakpoints. This is unlikely to be due to chance
      (p less than 0.01). Common fragile sites are in both bands where breaks occur in
      carcinoma of the lung and in carcinoma of the ovary. Common fragile sites are in
      bands with breaks leading to constitutional chromosome abnormalities associated
      with cancer: hereditary renal cell carcinoma and aniridia-Wilms' tumor complex.
      Common fragile sites, thus, may predispose to chromosome breaks and
      rearrangements in cancer.

PMID- 6434180
TI  - Determination of cytotoxicity in vivo using 111indium-labeled human tumor cells.
AB  - Loss of radioactivity from nude mice was determined after inoculation of human
      tumor cells prelabeled with [111In]indium oxine (111InOx). Elimination of 111In
      was increased somewhat by treating the mice with diphtheria toxin (DT), which is
      toxic selectively for human cells compared to mice. Calcium disodium edetate
      (CaNa2EDTA), a metal chelating agent, facilitated elimination of 111In and
      increased the difference in the rates of loss of radioactivity from mice bearing
      viable compared to DT-killed cells.

PMID- 6434181
TI  - Formation of mutagens in cooked foods. VI. Modulation of mutagen formation by
      iron and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) in fried beef.
AB  - Mutagen formation during frying of beef is inhibited by the heavy metal chelator
      ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA). The addition of 1% EDTA prior to cooking
      reduces the mutagenicity of the basic extracts to about 60% of control values.
      The addition of iron as ferrous chloride or ferric chloride at 10 ppm
      (approximately 50% of endogenous concentrations) doubles the mutagenic activity
      of beef extracts. Iron, which can be released by denaturation of heme protein,
      therefore, can modulate the formation of mutagens in beef during cooking.

PMID- 6434182
TI  - Characterisation of a blood-group A-active tetrasaccharide synthesised by a blood
      group B gene-specified glycosyltransferase.
AB  - The B gene-specified alpha-D-(1----3)-galactosyltransferase, isolated from the
      serum of a blood-group B individual, was used to catalyse the transfer of N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine from UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to the blood-group H
      active trisaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose. The biosynthetic product had blood-group
      A activity and its structure was confirmed as alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-[alpha-L
      Fucp-(1----2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1--- -4)-D-Glc by methylation analysis and high
      resolution 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. This tetrasaccharide was structurally and
      serologically identical with that made from the same donor and acceptor
      substrates when the blood-group A gene-specified alpha-D-(1----3)-N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase was used as the enzyme source. The enzyme encoded
      by the B gene at the blood group ABO locus thus has overlapping donor substrate
      specificity with the enzyme encoded by the allelic A gene, and this property
      confers upon the B gene-specified alpha-D-1----3)-galactosyltransferase the
      potential to synthesise blood-group A-active structures.

PMID- 6434183
TI  - Aerosolized terbutaline sulfate in the treatment of bronchospasm.
AB  - Terbutaline sulfate, a relatively selective beta2 agonist, is indicated for the
      treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
      Studies have shown that when administered via an aerosol, terbutaline has a rapid
      onset, a prolonged duration of action, and a low incidence of systemic side
      effects. Because the drug is delivered directly to the bronchi, one can
      administer low doses of aerosolized terbutaline and achieve a bronchodilatory
      effect comparable to that achieved with higher doses of the oral form.

PMID- 6434184
TI  - Multicenter studies of 2% nitroglycerin ointment in patients with heart failure.
AB  - Nitroglycerin ointment (NTGO) was applied to the precordial area in 88 patients
      with heart failure arising from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or other types
      of heart disease, and its effects on hemodynamic parameters were determined.
      After NTGO was applied, patients' systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001),
      double product (heart rate X systolic pressure, P less than 0.001), pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure (P less than 0.001), and systemic vascular resistance (P
      less than 0.001) decreased significantly. These changes began 30 to 60 minutes
      after NTGO was applied and lasted two to six hours. Based on these hemodynamic
      changes, we conclude that NTGO is beneficial for patients with heart failure due
      to AMI or other heart disease.

PMID- 6434185
TI  - Interactions between immature porcine Leydig and Sertoli cells in vitro. An
      ultrastructural and biochemical study.
AB  - Interactions between Leydig and Sertoli cells, as well as a stimulatory effect of
      FSH on Leydig cell activity, have been reported in many studies. In order to
      investigate these interactions, the ultrastructure of immature pig Leydig cells
      under different culture conditions has been studied. When cultured alone in a
      chemically defined medium, there is a marked regression of the Leydig cell smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and a swelling of the mitochondria. Addition of FSH or hCG
      does not prevent these phenomena. Co-culturing of Leydig cells with Sertoli cells
      from the same animal maintains the smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the level seen
      in vivo and in freshly isolated Leydig cells. The addition of FSH to the co
      culture stimulates its development and increases Leydig cell activity, as
      assessed by an increase in hCG binding sites and an increased steroidogenic
      response to hCG. These results suggest that Sertoli cells exert a trophic effect
      on Leydig cells, and that the stimulatory effect of FSH on Leydig cell function
      is mediated via the Sertoli cells. These results reinforce the concept of a local
      regulatory control of Leydig cell steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6434186
TI  - Stimulatory effect of calcium chelators on Na+-Ca2+ exchange in cardiac
      sarcolemmal vesicles.
AB  - The calcium chelators EGTA, EDTA and cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid (CDTA)
      enhance initial rates of Nai+-dependent Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcolemmal
      vesicles. The affinity of the exchanger for calcium is increased in the presence
      of the chelators to an extent dependent on chelator concentration and on the
      range of free calcium concentrations over which the phenomenon is measured. For
      free Ca2+ in the range of 4 muM or less, the apparent Km is lowered to
      approximately 1 muM. The Ca-chelator complex appears to be the species which
      causes stimulation. The effect is not due to sequestration of contaminating heavy
      metal ions in the sarcolemmal membrane preparations or the solutions used in
      experiments. Caution is suggested in the use of EGTA or EDTA as calcium buffers
      when measuring calcium dependence of phenomena involving calcium binding and
      transport, because the added chelator may alter the properties of the system.

PMID- 6434187
TI  - A comparison of the effects of soluble stimuli on free cytoplasmic and membrane
      bound calcium in human neutrophils.
AB  - Calcium dynamics in human neutrophils have been studied using Quin 2 fluorescence
      as a measure of free cytoplasmic calcium and chlortetracycline fluorescence as an
      indicator of membrane-bound calcium. The results show that 1) FMLP-induced
      increased cytoplasmic calcium likely comes from at least two different pools.
      Calcium is released from one only after a high affinity receptor interaction and
      from the second also after a lower affinity interaction. The initial increment in
      cytosolic calcium does not appear to originate in the pool(s) reflected by CTC
      fluorescence. 2) Cytochalasin B strikingly alters the FMLP effect on membrane
      associated calcium, inducing a marked "recovery" phase which could be a
      reflection of fusion of granule membranes with the plasma membrane. 3) PMA, at
      concentrations inducing extensive specific granule release (less than or equal to
      10 ng/ml) has no measurable direct effect on membrane-bound or cytosolic calcium.
      However, PMA inhibits a subsequent CTC fluorescence response to FMLP and
      following the ionophore, A23187, it induces a clear decrease in cytosolic
      calcium. These indirect effects may be explained in terms of PMA's activation of
      protein kinase C.

PMID- 6434188
TI  - Dissociation of human interferon-gamma-like activity from migration-inhibition
      factor.
AB  - Supernatants harvested from concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral
      mononuclear cells after 24 hr of incubation contain one interferon species
      similar to human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with a pI of 4.6-5.3 (first day pH
      5 IFN-gamm). In contrast, during the subsequent 24 hr of incubation two species
      with properties of IFN-gamma are produced with pI of 3.6-4.0 (second day pH 4 IFN
      gamma) and 4.6-5.6 (second day pH 5 IFN-gamma), respectively. First day pH 5 IFN
      gamma and second day pH 5 IFN-gamma have been found to differ on the basis of
      trypsin sensitivity. This pattern of polymorphism is similar to the pattern
      previously described for human migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) which can be
      separated into first day pH 5 MIF, second day pH 3 MIF, and second day pH 5 MIF.
      However, IFN-gamma-like species can be differentiated from MIF biochemically and
      antigenically. Fractions with second day pH 4 IFN-gamma have no MIF activity and
      fractions with second day pH 3 MIF contain no IFN activity. In addition, first
      and second day pH 5 MIF, which also contain IFN-gamma activity, can be separated
      from the latter by precipitation as well as neutralization with polyclonal and
      monoclonal anti-human MIF antibodies.

PMID- 6434189
TI  - Substrates of the epidermal growth factor receptor-kinase.

PMID- 6434190
TI  - Role of polyamine synthesis in the stimulation of hexose transport by epidermal
      growth factor and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in cultured mouse
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6434191
TI  - Somatic cell genetics.

PMID- 6434192
TI  - Effects of mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes on lysosomal enzyme activity.
AB  - Changes in the activities of several lysosomal enzymes were studied during
      transformation of mouse spleen cells in vitro. The activity of beta-glucuronidase
      increased during culture in the presence of T or B-cell mitogens, and
      lymphoblasts contained higher levels of activity than did small, non-transformed
      lymphocytes. Moreover, lymphoblasts in well-transformed cultures had higher
      activities than those in poorly-transformed cultures. The activities of other
      lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta
      glucosidase) also increased during mitogenic stimulation, but each at different
      rates, although aryl sulphatase was unaffected. Such differences may be of
      importance when lymphocytes are used for diagnosis of inherited lysosomal
      deficiency diseases.

PMID- 6434193
TI  - Development of low cost supplementary foods for infants and children from locally
      available foods in Punjab (India).
AB  - Supplementary foods suited for weaning and feeding of infants were developed,
      using locally available foods in Punjab. Methods of cooking employed were those
      used commonly by low and middle income families. Cereal-pulse combinations along
      with some sesame seed and groundnuts were used to enhance the protein quality.
      The ratio used was such that the preparation did not deviate much from the
      accepted tastes of the population. Fresh green vegetables were also used. Fifteen
      recipes were standardized and acceptability trials carried out with mothers and
      infants of the different socio-economic groups. The preparations were highly
      accepted by all. Analysis of these were done for protein, calories, vitamin C and
      iron to see their contribution to the diet. The cost per serving of each recipe
      for various age groups was worked out and it was observed that at a very low cost
      a substantial amount of the above nutrients could be given to the infants by
      including these preparations in their diets. Education of mothers in making these
      recipes will go a long way towards popularizing such formulations.

PMID- 6434194
TI  - Failure of a protease inhibitor to affect the cardiopulmonary response to
      endotoxin when combined with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
AB  - The administration of endotoxin produces an early increase in hydrostatic
      pressure and pulmonary lymph flow, which is associated with elevated levels of
      thromboxane A2 in the lymph and can be blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor
      ibuprofen. Two hours after the administration of endotoxin a secondary response
      is seen. The pulmonary lymph flow is elevated in association with a change in
      microvascular permeability to protein, this phase of the response can be reduced
      by the administration of the proteolytic enzyme inhibitor gabexate mesilate. In
      the present study we administered both compounds to eight sheep prepared for
      chronic cardiopulmonary and lung lymph studies to reduce both phases with the
      drug combination. The phase I response was reduced but the changes in lung lymph
      flow, associated with the phase II response, were unaffected by treatment. It is
      concluded that the effect of gabexate mesilate on the secondary response to
      endotoxin must in some way be related to the release of prostanoids.

PMID- 6434195
TI  - Eicosanoids and the blood vessel wall.

PMID- 6434196
TI  - Intravenous infusion of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase in
      man: influence on thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels and
      platelet aggregation.
AB  - The effect of the selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor OKY-1581, a
      pyridine derivative [sodium (E)-3-(4-(3-pyridylmethyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-2
      propenoate], on thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels and
      platelet aggregation was studied in human volunteers. To clarify its
      effectiveness as an enzyme inhibitor, OKY-1581, at doses of 17, 83, 167, 417,
      833, and 1667 micrograms/kg (n = 5 for each group), was injected intravenously,
      or was infused (10 micrograms/kg/min; n = 5) over 3 hr on 3 successive days. OKY
      1580 (OKY-1581 free acid) was rapidly converted to its main beta-oxidized
      product, OKY-1565, and its reduced form, OKY-1558. During the study, plasma
      thromboxane B2 levels, inhibition of thromboxane B2 production in serum, and
      inhibition of rabbit platelet thromboxane A2 synthetase were monitored
      continuously. Twenty-five minutes after the injection of the above doses, plasma
      thromboxane B2 levels decreased by 4 +/- 7%, 40 +/- 14%, 57 +/- 7%, 68 +/- 6%, 93
      +/- 5%, and 96 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD), respectively. Thromboxane B2 production in
      serum was decreased by 2 +/- 8%, 70 +/- 10%, 75 +/- 8%, 81 +/- 10%, and 96 +/-
      8%, respectively, and rabbit platelet thromboxane A2 synthetase by 2 +/- 7%, 52
      +/- 8%, 79 +/- 10%, 80 +/- 9%, 96 +/- 8%, and 95 +/- 7%. These parameters
      returned to the control levels 24 hr after the injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434197
TI  - Artefactual decrease in total protein concentration in patients with monoclonal
      gammopathies: a method-dependent error.
AB  - We found total protein estimates in patients with monoclonal gammopathies to be
      erroneously low when using the Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer. This problem
      occurred only when a serum-water blank was used. This probably results from the
      precipitation of these proteins under conditions of low ionic strength resulting
      in high blank readings. The problem can be avoided if a serum-saline blank is
      used.

PMID- 6434198
TI  - Re-evaluation of the haptoglobin reference values with the radial immunodiffusion
      technique.
AB  - The reference values of the three main types of serum haptoglobin Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1,
      and Hp 2-2, as determined by radial immunodiffusion and with phenotype
      determination on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been re-evaluated for
      both sexes. For that purpose about 500 serum samples were collected from normal,
      healthy Dutch volunteers. The relative occurrence of the three main types of
      serum haptoglobin in Dutch men and women was found to be comparable to that
      reported for other whites, with the Hp 2-1 phenotype predominating in the Dutch
      population and phenotype Hp 0-0 being absent. The observed overall reference
      range of haptoglobin for the Dutch population, irrespective of the phenotype, was
      0.50-3.30 g/L serum. As reported by other investigators we found that the
      reference values for the three main types of haptoglobin significantly differed
      (Hp 1-1: 1.40 +/- 0.51; Hp 2-1: 2.10 +/- 0.76; and Hp 2-2: 1.65 +/- 0.73 g/L
      serum, mean +/- SD). However, in contrast to the data available in the
      literature, the reference values of haptoglobin for men and for women, as
      determined by the radial immunodiffusion technique, were not significantly
      different.

PMID- 6434199
TI  - Serum enzymes in the BB rat before and after onset of the overt diabetic
      syndrome.
AB  - As part of a six-month prospective study of the effects of neonatal thymectomy in
      the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat, activities of the following enzymes
      were determined: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic
      transaminase (GPT) and UDP-galactosyltransferase (UDPG). In prediabetics, AP and
      LDH levels were higher than in sham-operated, non-diabetic controls; however,
      this increase was seen in nearly all diabetes-prone BB rats, diminishing the
      usefulness of these changes in discerning potential diabetics from asymptomatic,
      diabetes-prone rats. After onset of the syndrome, there was a striking elevation
      of AP values in all diabetics with no similar alteration in asymptomatic,
      diabetes-prone rats suggesting this was a diabetes-related phenomenon. By
      contrast, UDPG was the only enzyme to decrease immediately following the onset of
      the syndrome. Both UDPG and AP levels correlated with blood glucose, the former
      negatively and the latter positively, suggesting a close relationship with
      changes occurring after onset of the syndrome. The remaining enzymes increased
      only in a portion of diabetics alone (GOT, GPT) or in a portion of both diabetics
      and asymptomatic, diabetes-prone BB rats (LDH, CPK).

PMID- 6434200
TI  - Determination of polyols in serum by selected ion monitoring.
AB  - We used gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry with selected
      ion monitoring of the (M-59)+ ions to determine polyols (as their peracetyl
      derivatives) in serum. The internal standard was 2-deoxygalactitol. Mean (and SD)
      polyol concentrations (mg/L) in 33 normal sera were: erythritol 0.45 (0.14),
      threitol 0.20 (0.06), adonitol 0.06 (0.02), arabinitol 0.37 (0.12), xylitol 0.05
      (0.02), mannitol 0.41 (0.45), galactitol 0.15 (0.11), sorbitol 0.16 (0.11).
      Arabinitol determined in the same 33 normal sera by trimethylsilylation was 0.39
      (0.13) mg/L. In 32 samples from cancer patients with normal creatinine, all
      polyol concentrations were in the normal range except for seven increased
      erythritol and one increased threitol concentrations. In all six patients with
      renal dysfunction we found increased erythritol and arabinitol, and increased
      threitol and mannitol in four of the six. Initial results showed that only
      arabinitol concentrations increased in invasive candidiasis.

PMID- 6434201
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cancer-associated galactosyltransferase
      isoenzyme.
AB  - We isolated galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22) from pleural effusions of a lung
      cancer patient and a patient with cirrhosis by precipitation with ammonium
      sulfate, followed by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, and affinity chromatography
      on columns of alpha-lactalbumin-agarose and protein A-Sepharose. By this
      procedure the enzyme from both sources was purified 40 000-fold with approximate
      yields of 37% and 60%, respectively, and did not contain immunoglobulin.
      Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel of the enzyme from the cancer patient
      (slower moving) and from the non-cancer patient (faster moving) gave one sharp
      band for each. Their respective relative molecular masses, 74 131 and 107 151,
      were estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      gel filtration, respectively. The isoenzymes were active between pH 5 and 8, most
      active at 7, and showed no activity below pH 4 or above pH 9. Activity was
      greatest at temperatures between 37 and 40 degrees C. At 30 degrees C or 50
      degrees C the activity was more than halved, and was lost completely above 60
      degrees C. The isoenzymes had an absolute requirement for Mn2+. Omitting the
      surfactant Triton X-100 from the buffer resulted in considerable loss in activity
      of both isoenzymes. Glucose can be used as an acceptor for these isoenzymes if
      alpha-lactalbumin is present in the assay mixture. These isoenzymes had different
      Km values for UDP-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and Mn2+.

PMID- 6434202
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of free thyroxin in serum.
AB  - We describe a double-antibody enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin (FT4) in serum
      with use of beta-D-galactosidase conjugated to thyroxin. The method is
      uninfluenced by thyroxin-binding globulin or albumin. Values for FT4 so
      determined correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98)
      and equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.89). The mean variability (CV) within and between
      assays was 7.4% and 7.6%, respectively. The measurable range of FT4 in serum was
      2.8 to 109 ng/L. The FT4 concentrations in serum as determined by this method
      were 8.4 to 15.5 ng/L for 26 normal adult subjects; 26 to greater than 109 ng/L
      for 10 patients with hyperthyroidism; less than 2.8 to 8.0 ng/L for seven
      patients with hypothyroidism; 7.3 to 15.8 ng/L for eight pregnant women; and 12.2
      and 13.5 ng/L for two patients with low concentrations of thyroxin-binding
      globulin.

PMID- 6434203
TI  - Biclonal IgA and IgM gammopathy in lymphocytic lymphoma.
AB  - We report the case of a 76-year-old white man with a diffuse, well-differentiated
      lymphocytic lymphoma at the base of his tongue. Although serum electrophoresis,
      immunoelectrophoresis, and immunofixation showed he had a biclonal IgA kappa and
      IgM kappa gammopathy, biopsy of the tumor showed a positive immunoperoxidase
      response only for IgM kappa. The biclonal pattern persisted after chemotherapy,
      despite shrinkage of the tumor mass. The association of IgA and IgM appears to be
      the least frequent combination of separate biclonal immunoglobulins, the clinical
      course of such patients being more often that of lymphoma or macroglobulinemia
      than of myeloma. However, the symptomatology can be highly variable, as our case
      uniquely demonstrates.

PMID- 6434204
TI  - Measurement of sex hormone binding globulin.

PMID- 6434205
TI  - Suppliers of kits for lutropin, follitropin, and prolactin should all use the
      same calibrators.

PMID- 6434206
TI  - Colorimetric vs enzymatic determination of serum phosphorus.

PMID- 6434207
TI  - Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid based on
      their light chain properties using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - A method for quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) on the basis of their light chain properties is described. The method
      is a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, based upon competitive binding of
      immunoglobulins in unknown and labeled immunoglobulin for antibody adsorbed to
      the wells of a microplate. The values for immunoglobulins kappa (Ig-k), lambda
      (Ig-l) and k/l ratio obtained from 38 subjects without neurological disorders
      were 8.6 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml, 7.0 +/- 2.6 micrograms/ml and 1.21 +/- 0.21,
      respectively (mean +/- SD). Our method is considered to be less influenced by the
      molecular size and weight of immunoglobulins than radial immunodiffusion, and
      thus may provide more precise values of Ig-k and Ig-l.

PMID- 6434208
TI  - Further purification and characterization of acid-stable protease inhibitor from
      ascites of an ovarian carcinoma patient.
AB  - An acid-stable protease inhibitor (AS-PI) has been previously demonstrated in
      ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian carcinoma. In this study, the AS-PI was
      further purified using DEAE-cellulose and isoelectric focusing (IEF), and a
      partial characterization was undertaken. On DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange column
      chromatography, AS-PI activity was observed in both adsorbed and non-adsorbed
      fractions. The former represented the main AS-PI peak. By IEF, the respective pI
      values were 1.6 and 4.5. By gel filtration, the molecular weight of the main
      (adsorbed fraction) AS-PI was 78 000. This AS-PI strongly inhibited trypsin and
      to a lesser extent chymotrypsin, but exerted no inhibitory effect on plasmin. It
      slightly inhibited SH proteases such as papain and ficin. Immunologically, AS-PI
      was distinct from alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, inter-alpha
      trypsin inhibitor, antithrombin III, C1-inactivator, alpha 2-macroglobulin and
      alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. The main AS-PI reacted with and was neutralized by
      antiurinary trypsin inhibitor serum, and on immunoelectrophoresis, had a mobility
      slightly cathodal to serum albumin.

PMID- 6434209
TI  - Lack of inhibition of anterior pituitary hormone release during chronic treatment
      with calcium antagonists.
AB  - Calcium antagonists are widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular
      disorders, especially ischaemic heart disease. It has been demonstrated that
      these drugs, either in vitro or acutely administered in humans, inhibit the basal
      and stimulated secretion of pituitary hormones by blocking calcium influx through
      slow calcium channels. To see if a similar effect could be detected after their
      chronic administration, we studied the basal, TRH- and LHRH-stimulated TSH, PRL,
      LH and FSH release in 18 male subjects with chronic stable angina before and on
      the 30th day of oral treatment with verapamil (n = 8;80 mg three times a day) or
      with nifedipine (n = 10; 10 mg three times a day). Neither drug had any effect on
      basal TSH, PRL, LH and FSH values or on their response to the specific
      hypothalamic-releasing hormones. These results suggest that the chronic
      administration of calcium antagonists, at the usual therapeutic doses, does not
      effect the process of stimulus-secretion coupling of anterior pituitary hormones,
      ruling out any impairment of the related target glands which have been expected
      on the basis of previous studies.

PMID- 6434210
TI  - Altered pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in hypogonadal men with
      hyperprolactinaemia.
AB  - To explore the mechanism for the hypogonadism associated with prolactin
      hypersecretion in men we examined luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory profiles in
      four hyperprolactinaemic men before and during treatment with bromocriptine.
      Pretreatment serum prolactin levels were increased 4-100 fold and serum
      testosterone levels were low in three men and low-normal in the fourth subject.
      Mean LH levels were low-normal and the frequency of spontaneous LH secretory
      episodes was less than normal in three of four men. Bromocriptine reduced serum
      prolactin levels to normal; subsequently, serum testosterone levels increased and
      libido and potency improved markedly in each man. The rise in serum testosterone
      levels was associated with an increase in mean LH concentrations and in LH pulse
      frequency. Mean follicle-stimulating hormone levels also increased during
      bromocriptine treatment. Insofar as each LH pulse is believed to reflect a
      discharge of gonadotrophin releasing hormone from the anterior hypothalamus, our
      data suggest that a major abnormality in hyperprolactinaemic men with
      hypogonadism is a disorder of the neuroregulatory mechanism for pulsatile
      gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion.

PMID- 6434211
TI  - Increased Ia expression, T lymphocyte subset abnormalities and autoimmunity in
      murine strains bearing the lpr gene.
AB  - Defects in cellular communication are fundamental to the development of
      autoimmune disease. Modulation of immunoregulatory events can be mediated by
      cellular expression of Ia antigens. We have analysed, by flow cytometry, the Ia
      antigenic levels on cells from mice expressing the lpr gene and their congenic
      counterparts. Surface Ia expression is dramatically increased on bone marrow,
      thymus, lymph node and spleen cells from lpr mice even prior to characteristic
      lymph node and spleen enlargement. In addition, IL-2 production abnormalities
      occur in the low density Lyt 1 subset of Thy 1.2 positive cells of normal mice
      which may be the counterpart of the majority cell type of lpr lymphocytes.
      Treatment of lpr mice with low dose whole body irradiation (300 rad) decreases
      lymphadenopathy, autoantibodies, proteinuria and the resident Ia positive cell
      population while increasing survival. We conclude that lymphoid alterations
      induced by irradiation reflect a recovery of immunological control associated
      with suppression of autoimmune manifestations.

PMID- 6434212
TI  - Pepsin like enzyme in macrophages and its role in the immune system.
AB  - Phagocytosis by DBA/2 or autoimmune NZB mouse macrophages of sheep erythrocytes,
      which are heterologous to these macrophages, was enhanced by mouse pepsin,
      whereas phagocytosis of homologous erythrocytes was suppressed by pepsin.
      Antibody production by DBA/2 or NZB mouse lymphocytes against heterologous
      erythrocytes was also enhanced by pepsin, but autoantibody production by NZB
      mouse lymphocytes was suppressed by pepsin. An acid protease present in
      macrophages was found to have biochemical properties quite close to those of
      pepsin, with regard to molecular weight, isoelectric point, and 50% inhibition
      dose of pepstatin. This acid protease was immunochemically identical with pepsin,
      reacting with anti-pepsin antibody. Taken together, these results indicate that
      pepsin modulates macrophage functions and that the pepsin like enzyme in
      macrophages may play important roles in the regulation of phagocytosis by
      macrophages and in antibody production.

PMID- 6434213
TI  - Precipitating autoantibodies to mitochondrial proteins in progressive systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - Sera from 88 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were examined for
      precipitating mitochondrial antibodies using sonicated rat liver mitochondrial
      fraction as an antigen source in immunodiffusion. Precipitin lines indicating the
      presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in 22 patients were detected.
      Only six of 22 sera had, additionally, precipitating antibodies to nuclear
      antigens. Standardized reference sera containing antibodies to mitochondrial
      antigens (M-A, M-B and M-C systems) were used to further characterize the type of
      mitochondrial antibodies. M-B antibody was most commonly detected (72.7%) either
      alone (eight patients) or in combination (eight patients) with M-A and M-C
      antibodies. M-A antibody was found in 12 patients (54.5%) and M-C antibody was
      present in three. The antigen related to M-B is DNAase and trypsin sensitive, in
      contrast to the resistant M-A antigen. AMA were detected in 21 of 22 patients by
      indirect immunofluorescence. When solid phase ELISA was used to detect AMA using
      mitochondrial fraction as antigen, a significant difference (P less than 0.005)
      was noted between sera with and without precipitating mitochondrial antibody. The
      antibody was frequently present in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis
      detected 2 or more years earlier (P less than 0.01). Three patients were found to
      have primary biliary cirrhosis and others had pruritus, hepatomegaly or abnormal
      liver function tests. The implication of the findings is discussed.

PMID- 6434214
TI  - Vasoformative tumor of the brain--immunohistology and ultrastructure.
AB  - A congenital vasoformative tumor in the brain of a 2-week-old boy manifested a
      variety of vascular spaces ranging from varices to solid cellular areas. The
      location of rod-shaped forms of reactivity to the immunoperoxidase stain for
      Factor VIII-related antigen corresponded with that of numerous Weibel-Palade
      bodies in the endothelial cell component of the tumor.

PMID- 6434215
TI  - Fabry's disease: an ultrastructural study of muscle and peripheral nerve.
AB  - A 9-year-old boy, presented with disseminated angiomatous lesions on the right
      leg. Ultrastructural examination of muscle and peripheral nerve showed numerous
      lamellar inclusions characteristic of Fabry's disease in the vessel's walls and
      perineurial cells. In addition, there were typical lamellar inclusions in some
      muscle fibers. Large myelinated fibers were reduced in number and some myelinated
      fibers showed segmental demyelination. Some lipid deposits displaying a lamellar
      pattern were occasionally seen in a few myelinated and unmyelinated axons. These
      abnormalities of nervous fibers are uncommon in Fabry's disease.

PMID- 6434216
TI  - Lasers in oncology.

PMID- 6434217
TI  - Congenital osteopetrotic mutations as probes of the origin, structure, and
      function of osteoclasts.
AB  - Progress has been made in recent years on the cell biology of the osteoclast and
      the pathogenesis of congenital osteopetrosis. New information is critically
      evaluated and summarized with respect to the origin, structure, and function of
      osteoclasts with special reference to osteopetroses. A broader perspective
      emerges from which to consider the biology of osteoclasts, the heterogeneities in
      the osteopetroses, and the value of each in elucidating the other, along with
      treatment of the disorder.

PMID- 6434218
TI  - Radionuclide esophagogram.
AB  - The authors present their experience with the radionuclide esophagogram. Cases
      illustrating achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus,
      oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, reflux esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux,
      Barrett's esophagus, hiatal hernias, pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, and
      malignant tumors of the esophagus are included. The radionuclide esophagogram
      proved to be a useful procedure in the diagnosis and follow-up of many esophageal
      diseases.

PMID- 6434219
TI  - Propranolol interactions with diazepam, lorazepam, and alprazolam.
AB  - Healthy subjects received single doses of diazepam (5 to 10 mg iv), lorazepam (2
      mg iv), or alprazolam (1 mg orally) on two occasions, once in the control state
      and once with propranolol, 80 mg three times a day. Compliance with the
      propranolol regimen was verified by measurement of serum propranolol levels
      (overall means: 100 ng/ml) and by reduction in sensitivity to intravenous
      metaproterenol to one-thirtieth that of the control value. Propranolol prolonged
      diazepam elimination t1/2 (58 and 49 hr), reduced its clearance (0.20 and 0.24
      ml/min/kg), and increased the 168-hr AUC for desmethyldiazepam, the major
      metabolite of diazepam (5.63 and 4.81 micrograms/ml . hr). Propranolol had no
      significant effect on lorazepam t1/2 (13.2 and 12.7 hr) or clearance (1.33 and
      1.36 ml/min/kg), nor on alprazolam t1/2 (15.9 and 18.5 hr) or clearance (1.1 and
      0.8 ml/min/kg). Thus propranolol induces a small but significant reduction in
      clearance of diazepam, biotransformed mainly by the oxidative reaction of N
      demethylation. Propranolol does not impair lorazepam clearance by glucuronide
      conjugation nor that of alprazolam by aliphatic hydroxylation.

PMID- 6434220
TI  - Propranolol prevents hemodynamic and humoral events after abrupt withdrawal of
      nitroprusside.
AB  - Hemodynamic and humoral events after intraoperative discontinuation of
      nitroprusside were studied in subjects without and with pretreatment with
      intravenous propranolol, 0.1 mg X kg-1. Nitroprusside-induced hypotension was
      associated with increases in heart rate, cardiac output, plasma renin activity
      (PRA), and catecholamine levels; these changes were prevented by propranolol. In
      subjects pretreated with propranolol, dose requirements of nitroprusside for
      hypotension of comparable degree and duration decreased 40%. On discontinuation
      of nitroprusside, mean systemic pressure rose to 100.2 mm Hg--a level higher than
      prehypotension and awake values--because of increased systemic vascular
      resistance. Hemodynamic events were associated with persistent elevations of PRA
      and catecholamine levels. These rebound changes were maximal 15 min after
      nitroprusside withdrawal and returned to control levels 30 to 60 min later.
      Pretreatment with propranolol completely prevented rebound hemodynamic events
      after nitroprusside. Persistent elevations of PRA and catecholamine levels after
      nitroprusside action subsided were responsible for the effects of withdrawal.

PMID- 6434221
TI  - Diazepam tapering in detoxification for high-dose benzodiazepine abuse.
AB  - The clinical characteristics and management of patients who abuse high doses of
      benzodiazepines are not well described. In a prospective open study, 23 subjects
      who abused high doses of benzodiazepines were admitted for detoxification. Urine
      or blood test results confirmed benzodiazepine use in all but one subject and
      multiple drug use in eight (35%). Median benzodiazepine dose was 150 mg (range 40
      to 500 mg) of diazepam equivalent. Initial plasma concentrations (diazepam:
      median = 1245 ng/ml; desmethyldiazepam: median = 2961 ng/ml) were 400% to 800%
      higher than usual therapeutic concentrations. For detoxification, subjects were
      given a loading dose of diazepam equal to approximately 40% their reported daily
      consumption. This was followed with daily tapering of diazepam by 10%. This
      regimen resulted in a slow and gradual decline in drug concentrations. Withdrawal
      symptoms were assessed daily. Sixteen subjects completed detoxification in the
      hospital without complications. One subject became paranoid and confused on day 7
      of withdrawal. This was attributed to a too-low initial loading dose and too
      rapid tapering, which resulted in rapid drug elimination. Gradual reduction of
      diazepam dose appears to be an effective and safe approach for detoxifying
      abusers of high doses of benzodiazepines.

PMID- 6434222
TI  - Distribution of dead space volume in the human lung.
AB  - The first four breaths from a multi-breath nitrogen wash-out have been analysed
      in 20 normal subjects by differentiation and data smoothing of phase II of the
      expired concentrations of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. This procedure yields a
      distribution curve which is skewed to the right, the mode of which represents the
      usual value of dead space. The minimum and maximum values were found by excluding
      2.5% of data points at each end of the distribution. The values of minimum, mode
      and maximum in men were 67.6, 147 and 300 ml. For women the values were 55.4, 109
      and 235 ml. It is suggested that this distribution reflects the asymmetrical
      nature of the bronchial tree and comparison with anatomical data suggests that
      anatomy is the principal determinant of the distribution of dead space. The
      contribution made by the spread of the stationary interface within individual
      bronchioles is evident but small.

PMID- 6434223
TI  - Correlation between platelet behaviour and cold-induced vasoconstriction in man,
      and the effects of epoprostenol infusion.
AB  - Drugs that cause vasodilatation tend to inhibit platelet behaviour whereas
      compounds that cause vasoconstriction stimulate platelet behaviour. Thus there
      appears to be a similarity between platelet behaviour and vascular tone. To
      investigate this relationship we have compared the maximum vasoconstrictor
      response in the forearm induced by cold stimulation with some aspects of platelet
      behaviour. In 26 normal volunteers there was a close correlation between the
      maximum vasoconstrictor response to cold and the threshold concentration of
      sodium arachidonate that was needed to induce platelets from each individual to
      aggregate and to undergo a release reaction (r = 0.774, P less than 0.001).
      Infusion of epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in five volunteers altered both the
      maximum vasoconstrictor response to cold and the threshold concentration of
      sodium arachidonate needed to induce platelet aggregation in a manner parallel to
      this relationship.

PMID- 6434224
TI  - Near-normal glycaemic control does not correct abnormal platelet reactivity in
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The effect of improved glycaemic control, effected by 16 weeks continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), on platelet aggregation and platelet
      prostaglandin biosynthesis has been assessed in a group of 11 diabetic patients
      with painful peripheral neuropathy. Before CSII and compared with results
      obtained on samples from age- and sex-matched control subjects, there was
      enhanced reactivity of the platelets from diabetic patients to ADP, collagen and
      sodium arachidonate (NaAA). There was also increased thromboxane B2 (TXB2)
      production after platelet stimulation by NaAA. In contrast, collagen-induced
      thromboxane production by platelets from diabetic patients was significantly less
      than that of platelets from controls. Treatment by CSII resulted in a
      statistically significant improvement in glycaemic control and this was
      maintained for the 16 week period of the study. At 16 weeks and in the presence
      of near-normal glycaemic control, the enhanced platelet reactivity in response to
      collagen and NaAA persisted and that to ADP was further increased. Collagen
      induced thromboxane production was, however, corrected by CSII.

PMID- 6434225
TI  - Immunologic techniques utilized in the diagnosis of occupational lung disease.
AB  - Humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses may contribute to the tissue injury
      in patients with certain types of occupational asthma, hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis, silicosis, and asbestosis. Numerous diagnostic modalities are
      available to the clinician investigating the etiology of these disorders. Among
      the current immunologic techniques discussed in this article are immunoassays for
      specific anti-IgE antibody, gel diffusion reactions, immunoelectrophoresis, ANA
      assays, complement studies, and immune complex assays.

PMID- 6434226
TI  - NADH-specific dihydropteridine reductase in mastocytoma P-815 cells.
AB  - NADH-specific dihydropteridine reductase [EC 1.6.99.7] was purified from mouse
      mastocytoma P-815 cells. Km values for NADH and NADPH were determined to be 1.4
      microM and 32 microM, respectively, using tetrahydro-6-methylpterin. Molecular
      weight was 50,000, and subunit molecular weight was 25,000. The enzymes from P
      815 and liver of host mouse (DBA/2) showed similar electrophoretic mobility on
      polyacrylamide gel. The P-815 enzyme reacted with antiserum against bovine liver
      NADH-specific dihydropteridine reductase, forming a single precipitin line.

PMID- 6434227
TI  - Comparative studies on the chemical and immunochemical properties of human milk,
      human pancreatic juice and bovine milk lactoferrin.
AB  - Lactoferrin from human milk, pancreatic juice and bovine milk were purified by
      heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography procedure. Urea-sodium dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these lactoferrin preparations indicated
      similar molecular weights (80,000). Metal analyses showed that lactoferrin of
      bovine milk contained the highest amount of iron while lactoferrin of human milk
      and human pancreatic juice were similar in content of iron, approximately four
      fold lower than bovine milk. All these lactoferrin preparations were also found
      to contain minor amounts of copper and manganese. Double diffusion analyses
      indicated that lactoferrin of human milk was immunochemically identical to
      lactoferrin of human pancreatic juice. On the other hand, immunochemically,
      bovine milk lactoferrin was not identical to human milk lactoferrin. Sequence
      analyses of human milk and pancreatic juice lactoferrin indicated that they
      shared the same N-terminal sequence for the 16 residues analyzed. Although human
      milk and bovine milk lactoferrin had sequence homologies, bovine milk lactoferrin
      had a closer homology to ovotransferrin than to human milk lactoferrin.

PMID- 6434228
TI  - Contraception with progestagens in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - To test the efficacy and tolerance of progestagens as contraceptives in systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), 200 mg IM norethisterone enanthate was administered to
      10 patients, 0.03 mg/day oral levonorgestrel to 15 patients and they were
      compared with 18 control patients. There were 4 episodes of active SLE in 48
      patient-months on norethisterone enantate and 6 episodes in 122 patient-months on
      levonorgestrel as compared with 9 episodes of active disease in 298 control
      patient-months (p = ns). There were no pregnancies and intermenstrual bleeding
      led to discontinuation of medication in 30% of patients. Progestagens may be an
      alternative contraceptive method in SLE.

PMID- 6434229
TI  - Antifertility activity and general pharmacological properties of ORF 13811: a
      synthetic analog of zoapatanol.
AB  - ORF 13811, a synthetic analog of zoapatanol, was evaluated in a variety of in
      vivo and in vitro biological test systems to determine antifertility and
      uterotonic activity as well as its general pharmacological profile. ORF 13811 is
      a potent antifertility agent after oral administration in a number of animal
      species including mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs and baboons. The single oral ED50
      for contragestational activity in the pregnant guinea pig (day 22), mouse (day
      16) and rat (day 16) is in the range of 6 to 10 mg/kg. In pregnant beagle dogs, a
      dose-related contragestational effect was obtained within several days after oral
      administration of ORF 13811 in the dosage range of 10 to 30 mg/kg. ORF 13811,
      when administered to pregnant baboons, caused dose-related vaginal bleeding and
      evacuation of uterine contents within 3 days following treatment with oral doses
      of 40 to 60 mg/kg. Serum progesterone levels were decreased in baboons and the
      degree of reduction correlated with contragestational activity. ORF 13811 was
      also effective in inhibiting implantation in mice, rats and hamsters, but
      required higher dose levels than those of the post-implantive treatments. In
      vitro uterotonic properties of ORF 13811 were demonstrated by its ability to
      induce contraction of uterine strips obtained from female guinea pigs at two
      different reproductive stages (day 15 of the estrous cycle and day 22 of
      pregnancy). In these preparations ORF 13811 was approximately 1/30 to 1/50th as
      potent as PGF2 alpha. In a series of pharmacological tests, ORF 13811 was found
      to possess slight sedative properties but was devoid of activity on pulmonary,
      gastrointestinal, and immune systems as well as in a number of biochemical tests,
      data not reported here. However, in cardiovascular studies, ORF 13811 appears to
      possess a vasoconstrictor profile in the dog, monkey and baboon as indicated by
      an increase in mean arterial blood pressure as well as total peripheral and
      regional vascular resistances. The in vitro pharmacological profile of ORF 13811
      was examined in myocardial tissue and vascular smooth muscle test systems and
      compared to PGF2 alpha. ORF 13811 was found to contract rat aortic strips, 15
      times less potent than PGF2 alpha. The compound had no direct effect on isolated
      guinea pig atria or papillary muscle. In summary, ORF 13811 is a potent orally
      active antifertility agent characterized primarily as a contractor of uterine and
      vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 6434230
TI  - Effect of a new contraceptive ring releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily
      on blood lipid levels and glucose tolerance.
AB  - Fifteen healthy subjects used a contraceptive device, namely an intravaginal ring
      releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily, for 12 weeks. High, low and very
      low density fractions of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids were
      measured, together with oral glucose tolerance before and after 12 weeks of use.
      There were no significant differences in any of the plasma lipid fractions or in
      glucose tolerance.

PMID- 6434232
TI  - Endometritis in the mare caused by a Coryneform organism--a case report and
      experimental studies.
AB  - Persistent purulent endometritis in a mare was attributed to an unclassified
      species of Corynebacterium. Following intrauterine infusions of 20% betadine for
      5 days the purulent vulval discharge ceased and the mare appeared clinically
      normal. Based on histological examination of endometrial biopsy samples, the
      severe acute inflammatory reaction had largely resolved 2 days after therapy.
      Three maiden mares considered resistant to bacterial endometritis received single
      intrauterine inoculations of 1.8 X 10(9) colony-forming units of the
      Corynebacterium species. The uterine response was followed by vaginal speculum
      examinations, uterine cultures and cytology, and endometrial histology. After an
      acute inflammatory reaction, each mare had recovered completely within 2 weeks.
      Most rapid recovery occurred in the mare in estrus at the time of inoculation.
      Subsequent secondary infections were detected in two mares. The uncertainty of
      correlations between results obtained by various diagnostic techniques emphasized
      the problems associated with each. This report illustrates the concept that
      endometritis in individual mares may relate more to as yet unidentified "mare
      factors" controlling uterine defense than to primary invasion by bacteria.

PMID- 6434231
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel in the rat.
AB  - Levonorgestrel was administered intravenously as a bolus to adult female rats and
      blood samples were collected at various time intervals. Serum concentrations of
      levonorgestrel were measured by radioimmunoassay. Analysis of data for two- and
      three-compartment open models indicated that in the rat, as in the human and the
      rabbit, a tri-exponential equation provided a better fit of the data. The half
      lives for the alpha, beta and gamma phases were 10.1 min, 42.7 min and 23.1
      hours, respectively. These values were closer to those reported for women than
      were the half-lives reported for the rabbit. The alpha and the beta phases
      appeared to last for 51 min and 1.3 hours, respectively, and the gamma phase was
      longer than 45 hours.

PMID- 6434233
TI  - The role of radiation in the treatment of cancer:radiobiologic and cell kinetic
      concepts.

PMID- 6434234
TI  - Impact of changes in payment for health care.

PMID- 6434235
TI  - Chromatin structural changes in the putative regulatory region of c-myc accompany
      the translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma.

PMID- 6434236
TI  - The action of an Lyb2.1-specific monoclonal antibody in soluble or immobilized
      form on resting and activated B cells.

PMID- 6434237
TI  - Mast cells: Part II.

PMID- 6434238
TI  - [Molar restoration with composite resins].

PMID- 6434239
TI  - [Molar restoration with composite resins].

PMID- 6434241
TI  - [Desk-top high frequency automatic centrifugal casting machine].

PMID- 6434240
TI  - [The desk-top automatic grinder "Teru"].

PMID- 6434242
TI  - [Visible light curing hard resin systems for crown preparations].

PMID- 6434243
TI  - [Testing the adhesive strength of dental cements].

PMID- 6434244
TI  - [Minimum rate of secondary caries occurrence].

PMID- 6434245
TI  - [Root canal measurement using the "Endo Cater" and "Endo Tape method"].

PMID- 6434246
TI  - [Carbonated titan wheels with electric conductivity].

PMID- 6434247
TI  - [Molar restoration with inlays].

PMID- 6434248
TI  - [Dental amalgam for molar restoration].

PMID- 6434249
TI  - [Amalgam restoration of molar cavities].

PMID- 6434250
TI  - Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers.
AB  - We carried out a medical and environmental survey to evaluate respiratory disease
      at two tungsten carbide (TC) production plants. The study population of 290
      subjects (19.2 percent of the total work force) was chosen to focus on those with
      the greatest potential exposures to cobalt, a binding agent which is probably the
      cause of interstitial fibrosis and airways disease in TC workers. We found peak
      air concentrations of cobalt exceeding 500 micrograms/m3 during many major steps
      in TC production. Nine subjects at plant A and two at plant B had interstitial
      infiltrates. Two of these nine from plant A had restriction (total lung capacity
      less than 80 percent of predicted). A lung biopsy specimen in one showed
      interstitial fibrosis. Two nonsmokers at plant A and one nonsmoker at plant B had
      obstructive defects. These results suggest that interstitial and obstructive lung
      disease occur in TC workers in association with elevated peak air concentrations
      of cobalt.

PMID- 6434252
TI  - Breathing and feeding.

PMID- 6434251
TI  - Experience with a prolonged respiratory care unit--revisited.
AB  - This article provides a review of patient care statistics for a Prolonged
      Respiratory Care Unit located at Bethesda Lutheran Medical Center in St. Paul,
      MN. This unique unit, originally reviewed in Chest, was originated to provide
      long-term respiratory care to patients who require extensive respiratory therapy
      modalities, but could not be maintained in the home or other institutional
      settings initially because of complications of their disease processes or because
      of their need for specialized care and equipment. Utilization of this cost
      effective unit has been beneficial to the medical community not only in the
      Midwest but throughout the United States. This statistical update further
      substantiates the need for care of patients with chronic or prolonged respiratory
      disease in similarly modelled units. The data present a strong argument for
      qualification of this unit for exemption status from DRG (diagnostic related
      grouping) Medicare-Medicaid reimbursement rules. An outgrowth of this unit is to
      provide home care service to ventilator-dependent patients and to possibly
      generate discussion and formulation of regional referral centers for care of
      patients with severe respiratory disease.

PMID- 6434253
TI  - Eight new biocybernetic indexes for evaluating brain function. Preliminary
      clinical application.

PMID- 6434254
TI  - Replantation of avulsively amputated thumb or degloved finger.

PMID- 6434255
TI  - Computed tomography in 100 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 6434256
TI  - Hemoperfusion with gelatin-encapsulated charcoal.

PMID- 6434257
TI  - Noninvasive method for detecting thyroid function. R-p time interval technique.

PMID- 6434258
TI  - Neurologic and psychiatric manifestations in hypoparathyroidism. Clinical
      analysis of 71 cases.

PMID- 6434259
TI  - Levels of serum lactic dehydrogenase in ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 6434260
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis with epidemic Staphylococcus in a neonatal intensive
      care unit.

PMID- 6434261
TI  - Traditional Chinese views on geriatric mental health.

PMID- 6434262
TI  - The effect of a single massive dose of vitamin D (D2 or D3), on calcium,
      phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism in osteomalacia.

PMID- 6434263
TI  - [Histocompatibility antigens in primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 6434264
TI  - [Study on "cui xing an" in lowering intraocular pressure and miosis. Part II.
      Preliminary observation on its therapeutic effect on primary open-angle
      glaucoma].

PMID- 6434265
TI  - [Study on aqueous humor dynamics: mechanism of the reduction of intraocular
      pressure by topical administration of timolol in the rabbit eye by means of the
      fluorescein concentration curve of the aqueous humor].

PMID- 6434266
TI  - [Ghost cell glaucoma].

PMID- 6434267
TI  - [Phakolytic glaucoma].

PMID- 6434268
TI  - [The ophthalmic artery and its main branches].

PMID- 6434269
TI  - [Study on vitamin A metabolism in the cultured human retinal pigment epithelium].

PMID- 6434270
TI  - [Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy--observation on platelet adhesiveness and
      aggregation].

PMID- 6434271
TI  - [Peripheral variation in normal fundus--findings in 202 eyes examined by slit
      lamp microscopy with an indentation contact glass].

PMID- 6434272
TI  - [Normal fundus appearance in young men].

PMID- 6434273
TI  - [Measurement of torsional fusional vergences in 232 normal youths].

PMID- 6434274
TI  - [Clinical application of silicone sponge as a postenucleation orbital cushion for
      ocular prosthesis].

PMID- 6434275
TI  - [Long-term effect of domestic timolol on patients with primary open-angle
      glaucoma].

PMID- 6434276
TI  - [Suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis in myeloma MORS 21 cells by an
      alkylating oligonucleotide derivative complementary to the mRNA coding for light
      chain immunoglobulin].

PMID- 6434277
TI  - A calculator program for individualizing factor VIII dosage.
AB  - We developed a calculator program to individualize Factor VIII dosage on the
      basis of the concentration-time data obtained after a single test-dose. The
      program is designed for the Hewlett-Packard 41-CV calculator. The calculation
      procedure is the 1977 version of the Sawchuk and Zaske method. The program
      performs model parameter estimation through a nonlinear iterative least-squares
      technique (the modified Gauss-Newton method). We tested our program in three
      patients with classic hemophilia who required multiple-dose treatment with Factor
      VIII. In each patient, individual kinetic parameters were estimated from the
      serial plasma levels measured after the test-dose. The predicted concentration
      time curve resulting from all the administered doses was calculated based on the
      estimated kinetic parameters. Good agreement between predicted and measured
      levels during the multiple-dose regimen was observed in all patients.

PMID- 6434278
TI  - [Systemic light-chain disease as a complication of plasmacytoma].
AB  - An asymptomatic multiple myeloma of the kappa-light chain type was found in a
      patient with nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. Light microscopy showed
      nodular glomerulosclerosis of the kidney similar to diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
      Diabetes mellitus could not be demonstrated. kappa-Light chain deposits could be
      shown by immunohistology in the mesangium and the glomerular and tubular basal
      membrane. In addition, massive kappa-light chain deposits in the sinusoidal walls
      of the liver and at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin and in the corium
      were found.

PMID- 6434279
TI  - [Oxygen treatment in obstructive lung disease].

PMID- 6434280
TI  - Disposition of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in the rat.
AB  - The disposition of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone was studied in male Sprague
      Dawley rats following a single iv injection. Plasma levels of the intact compound
      dropped rapidly within the first 6 hours after dosing with a half life of 1.90
      hours. Urinary excretion by 12 hours represented 74.9% of a 5 microCi dose while
      18.7% was excreted into the bile by 6 hours. 14C-activity attributed to the
      intact compound was found to be less than 0.59% of the dose in the urine and less
      than 0.46% in the bile. Tissue distribution studies showed that the liver and
      small intestines and contents contained the highest accumulation of 14C-activity
      up to 6 hours after administration of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone. Urine
      analyses performed for metabolite elucidation indicated that 12% of the
      radioactivity dosed was incorporated into acetate and the major remaining portion
      in species which appeared to be water soluble acidic compounds.

PMID- 6434281
TI  - Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on biliary excretion of xenobiotics and
      bile flow in rats.
AB  - A significant enhancement in the biliary excretion of iv injected
      sulfobromophthalein (BSP), phenol- 3,6 -dibromphthalein disulfonate (DBSP),
      procaine amide ethobromide (PAEB) and ouabain was observed in rats maintained on
      diets containing 0.25% BHT for periods of 10 days. The enhanced biliary excretion
      of these drugs in BHT treated rats appears to be correlated with the increase in
      bile flow produced by BHT. The increased bile flow was due to an increase in
      canalicular bile production rather than a change in net ductular secretion or
      reabsorption of fluid since bile to plasma concentration ratios of erythritol
      were unchanged and no permeability change in the biliary tree was observed when
      mannitol was administered by retrograde intrabiliary injection. The increase in
      bile flow was not due to an enhanced excretion of bile salts into bile, because
      both the biliary bile acid concentration and total biliary excretion of bile
      acids were lower in BHT-treated rats than in control rats. It appears that the
      increase in bile flow produced by BHT is due to the osmotic choleresis related to
      the secretion of BHT and its metabolites into bile.

PMID- 6434282
TI  - Effects of feed-pairing and different doses of doxorubicin on mortality and
      electrolyte changes in the mouse heart.
AB  - Various electrolyte changes have been documented in the hearts of different
      species of laboratory animals intoxicated with doxorubicin. However, it has not
      been determined what role the drug-induced relative nutritional lack plays in the
      electrolyte imbalance of this antineoplastic drug, nor to what extent the
      electrolyte imbalance is dose-related. A feed-pairing study performed after a
      single 20 mg/kg i.p. dose of doxorubicin demonstrated that relative heart weight
      was significantly increased in responding drug treated mice over ad libitum
      controls. The heart weights of feed-paired animals were also elevated to the same
      extent. Nutrition did not appear to have any effect on the drug-induced elevation
      of total ventricular calcium levels in responding animals. Although heart sodium
      concentrations were increased over ad libitum controls by feed restriction, they
      were still significantly lower than the doxorubicin-treated animals. Cardiac
      levels of magnesium and potassium were significantly decreased over both ad
      libitum and feed-paired controls. Calcium and sodium levels were increased
      significantly at 32 mg/kg but not at 50 or 80 mg/kg doxorubicin, while potassium
      and magnesium were depressed at these doses. Both the median time of death and
      total weight loss were inversely related to dose. It is concluded that the
      electrolyte disturbances are not due to the nutrition-related weight loss, and
      may be a proximal cause of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 6434283
TI  - The frequency of electroencephalographic abnormalities in healthy epileptic
      patients: a review of 92 cases.

PMID- 6434284
TI  - Blood group distribution in a west Kenya population.

PMID- 6434285
TI  - [Treatment of enterocutaneous small intestine fistula using parenteral nutrition
      therapy].
AB  - A retrospective and prospective analysis was carried out of 48 patients with 54
      enterocutaneous small bowel fistulae. 31 patients received total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) by 17 patients only the daily losses of fluids and electrolytes
      were covered. In 19 fistulae (39,5%) closed spontaneously (48,5% with TPN and
      14,3% without TPN). 10 patients underwent surgery; 5 fistulae closed operatively.
      The efficacy of treatment of enterocutaneous fistulae was influenced by the
      location of fistula, by the daily output, by the septic complications and by the
      use of TPN. Total parenteral nutrition can be the primary treatment or an
      effective adjunct to supplement the surgical management of postoperative small
      bowel fistulae.

PMID- 6434286
TI  - [Diabetic autonomic neuropathy of the heart and its treatment with thioctic
      acid].
AB  - The therapeutic effect of thioctic acid was studied in two groups of patients
      with peripheral diabetic neuropathy (N = 34 and 27, resp.), who had no evidence
      of cardiovascular or respiratory insufficiency. The immediate heart-rate response
      to standing up was measured in the first group of diabetics and in nondiabetic
      controls (N = 33). Each subject lay quietly for three minutes, then stood up
      (within five seconds) and remained motionless for one minute. A continuous ECG
      was recorded from one minute before to one minute after standing. For the
      Valsalva manoeuvre, the diabetics of the second group were asked to blow a column
      of mercury up to a height of 40 mm Hg for 10 seconds. The patients were treated
      with thioctic acid in daily oral doses of 3 X 150 mg for 21 days. No changes of
      heart rate were found in 80% (standing up) and 59% (Valsalva) resp., in the
      diabetics with peripheral neuropathy. However, non-diabetic controls of the same
      age group had likewise no changes of heart rate response in 19 and 5%,
      respectively. Treatment with thioctic acid did not alter the heart rate response
      to standing up or Valsalva manoeuvre of the diabetics with peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 6434287
TI  - Mineralocorticoid activity of 19-nor-corticosterone and 19-nor-progesterone in
      the toad bladder.
AB  - 19-Nor-corticosteroids are potentially important mineralocorticoids and
      hypertensive agents. We tested the mineralocorticoid potency of 19-nor
      progesterone (19-NOR-P) and 19-nor-corticosterone (19-NOR-B) compared with
      aldosterone using the toad bladder short-circuit current as a measure of sodium
      transport. 19-NOR-B (10(-7) M) increased sodium transport to a degree not
      different from that caused by aldosterone (10(-7) M). The onset of action and
      duration of activity also were not different from those of aldosterone. 19-NOR-P
      (10(-7) M), however, had no effect on sodium transport. We conclude that 19-NOR-B
      has significant mineralocorticoid activity, while under the conditions of these
      studies, 19-NOR-P exhibited no effect on sodium transport.

PMID- 6434288
TI  - Disparate effects of triphenylethylene antiestrogens on estrogen and progestin
      biosyntheses by cultured rat granulosa cells.
AB  - The influence of triphenylethylene antiestrogens on FSH-stimulated production of
      estrogen, progesterone, and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20 alpha-OH-P) was
      examined in cultured rat granulosa cells. The cells were cultured with increasing
      concentrations of FSH, with or without diethylstilbestrol (DES) or various
      antiestrogens. After 3 days, medium progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P contents were
      determined. Cells were reincubated for an additional 8 h with delta 4-androstene
      3,17-dione, and estrogen formation was measured. Steroid production was
      negligible by cultures treated with DES or antiestrogens alone. FSH treatment
      increased estrogen and progestin production, while the addition of DES (10(-7) M)
      further enhanced FSH-stimulated steroidogenesis. Likewise, treatment with 10(-6)
      M of the antiestrogens tamoxifen (Tam), nafoxidine (Naf), or clomiphene citrate
      (CC) also enhanced FSH-stimulated aromatase activity. In contrast, the
      antiestrogens each inhibited FSH stimulation of progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P
      production (greater than 73% inhibition at 300 ng/ml FSH). Increasing
      concentrations (3 X 10(-8)-10(-6) M) of the antiestrogens augmented the
      stimulatory effect of FSH (10 ng/ml) on estrogen production in a dose-related
      manner (CC greater than Tam greater than Naf). Similar doses of these
      antiestrogens inhibited the stimulatory effect of FSH (300 ng/ml) on progesterone
      and 20 alpha-OH-P production (Tam greater than CC greater than Naf). The observed
      inhibition of progestin production is associated with decreases in FSH-stimulated
      pregnenolone biosynthesis in antiestrogen-treated cells incubated with 10(-6) M
      cyanoketone. Furthermore, the antiestrogens inhibited the binding of
      [3H]estradiol to ovarian estrogen receptors with binding affinity constants of
      364, 437, and 2144 nM for CC, Tam, and Naf, respectively. Thus, antiestrogens
      exert disparate actions on granulosa cell estrogen and progestin biosyntheses.
      Like estrogens, CC, Tam, and Naf enhance FSH-stimulated aromatase activity with
      potencies comparable with their abilities to interact with ovarian estrogen
      receptors. However, unlike estrogens, the antiestrogens inhibit FSH-stimulated
      progestin biosynthesis, partially via suppression of pregnenolone biosynthesis.
      The present granulosa cell culture system provides a valuable model for
      elucidating the disparate actions of estrogens and antiestrogens on ovarian
      steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6434289
TI  - Changes in inhibin-like bioactivity in ovulatory and atretic follicles and utero
      ovarian venous blood after prostaglandin-induced luteolysis in heifers.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to develop a bioassay for measuring inhibin
      bioactivity in untreated samples of bovine follicular fluid (BFF) and then
      examine changes in inhibin bioactivity in ovulatory and atretic follicles and
      utero-ovarian venous blood during the periovulatory period in heifers. A rat
      pituitary cell culture system was used to bioassay inhibin-like activity.
      Addition of 0.005 to 1 microliter untreated (whole), unfiltered charcoal
      stripped, or filtered whole BFF to pituitary cultures caused a linear suppression
      of LHRH-induced FSH release but had no effect on LH secretion. Steroids in BFF
      did not suppress FSH secretion, since removal of steroids from BFF with charcoal
      did not remove the FSH-suppressive activity in BFF. Addition of ether extracts of
      BFF caused a slight but nonparallel suppression of FSH secretion; however,
      heating these extracts removed most of this suppressive activity. Removal of BFF
      from pituitary cultures completely restored the capacity of pituitary cultures to
      respond to LHRH. It was concluded that the inhibin bioassay was specific for
      detecting inhibin-like activity in fluids from individual follicles without
      interference of steroids. Within 12 h after a prostaglandin (PG) injection during
      the luteal phase of heifers, LH levels in serum increased 2- to 4-fold and
      remained at this level until the occurrence of the preovulatory gonadotropin
      surge. In contrast, FSH did not change before the gonadotropin surge. Inhibin
      bioactivity was measured in all follicles (greater than or equal to 6 mm) 0, 12,
      24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after and in utero-ovarian venous serum 0, 24, and 36 h
      after PG-induced luteolysis. From 0-36 h after PG administration, inhibin-like
      activity increased linearly in presumed ovulatory follicles and utero-ovarian
      venous serum. Then, from 48-72 h after PG treatment, before the preovulatory LH
      surge, inhibin activity decreased in ovulatory follicles. After the surge but
      before ovulation, inhibin-like activity increased in ovulatory follicles. Inhibin
      like activity in atretic follicles did not change after PG treatment and was
      lower in atretic than ovulatory follicles. Since a single hypothalamic releasing
      factor, LHRH, may control the secretion of LH and FSH, increased secretion of
      inhibin from preovulatory follicles before the preovulatory LH and FSH surges
      could account for the absence of a presurge rise in FSH in blood, as was observed
      for LH during this time in heifers. Diminished follicular production of inhibin
      during the gonadotropin surge could explain the preovulatory release of FSH along
      with LH during this time.

PMID- 6434290
TI  - Effects of human erythrocyte guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein on
      parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase from canine renal cortex.
AB  - We studied the effects of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (Gs)
      from human erythrocytes on PTH-responsive adenylate cyclase from partially
      purified membranes of canine renal cortex (CRC). Extracts of erythrocyte
      membranes, containing soluble Gs, was obtained by treatment with a detergent
      (Lubrol PX). Gs did not stimulate adenylate cyclase activity by itself, but
      amplified the response of adenylate cyclase in CRC membranes to both synthetic
      bovine PTH-(1-34) [bPTH-(1-34)] and to the hydrolysis-resistant GTP analog 5'
      guanylimido-diphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]. Gs increased PTH stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase activity in both the presence and absence of Gpp(NH)p. In the absence of
      Gpp(NH)p, the potentiating effect of Gs occurred only when the concentration of
      bPTH-(1-34) was greater than 10 ng/ml. bPTH-(1-34), Gpp(NH)p, and Gs each
      enhanced the catalytic activity of adenylate cyclase when added separately or in
      combination by increasing the apparent maximum velocity (Vmax) of the enzyme
      without altering the apparent Km for MgATP. The effect of Gs on CRC membrane
      adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of NaF (10 mM) and forskolin (100
      microM) was also examined. NaF- and forskolin-stimulated enzyme activities were
      significantly increased by Gs in both the presence and absence of Gpp(NH)p (100
      microM). Analysis of double reciprocal plots of substrate concentration and
      enzyme activity revealed that NaF and forskolin increased the Vmax of the
      catalytic activity and did not alter the apparent Km of the enzyme for MgATP.
      These data support the role of Gs as a regulator of the response of adenylate
      cyclase to hormones, guanyl nucleotides, NaF, and forskolin. Our studies address
      the relative functional stoichiometry between Gs and catalytic unit present in
      CRC membranes and suggest that the CRC adenylate cyclase system must contain
      insufficient Gs to couple with all available catalytic units. These results are
      consistent with the possibility that deficiency of Gs impairs hormonal
      stimulation by diminishing the apparent Vmax of the catalytic unit and does not
      alter the apparent affinity of the enzyme for MgATP.

PMID- 6434291
TI  - Preparation of thyrotroph cells from adult male rat pituitary glands by
      centrifugal elutriation.
AB  - To study the metabolism of thyrotrophs and dynamics of TSH secretion in vitro, it
      is desirable to have a highly enriched population of thyrotrophs. For that
      purpose, centrifugal elutriation, a recently developed cell isolation method
      based on the size and density of cells, was used to prepare thyrotrophs from a
      cell suspension of adult male rat pituitary cells. Trypsin-dispersed cells (4-8 X
      10(7] were loaded into the elutriation rotor (Beckman, JE-6) operating at 2800
      rpm. Twelve cell fractions were collected at variable rotor speed (2000-2800 rpm)
      and increasing medium flow rate (10-103 ml/min). Cell recovery was 77-98%. The
      viability of the cells after elutriation was 90-95% based on trypan blue
      exclusion. Each fraction was analyzed for TSH, GH, and PRL content and for TRH
      stimulated TSH release by RIA. Thyrotrophs were found predominantly in fractions
      8-11 (flow rate 38-75 ml/min) based on TSH RIA. The mean TSH concentration in
      these fractions was 56 +/- 13.6 (+/- SD) microU/10(3) cells compared with 7.6 +/-
      3.8 microU/10(3) cells in the initial cell suspension, representing a 7- to 8
      fold enrichment of the thyrotrophs. Incubation with 20 nM TRH for 3 h increased
      the TSH release of cells eluted in fractions 8-11 by 3- to 5-fold; there was no
      significant increase in TSH release in fractions 3-6. Centrifugal elutriation may
      be used to prepare a uniform highly enriched thyrotroph fraction with excellent
      recovery from a suspension of rat pituitary cells. This technique should be
      valuable for study of the metabolism of thyrotrophs.

PMID- 6434292
TI  - Norepinephrine in the rat ovary: ontogeny and de novo synthesis.
AB  - The aims of this study were to characterize the ontogeny of catecholamines (CA)
      in the rat ovary, to determine the ability of the immature ovary to synthetize
      norepinephrine (NE) in vitro, and to correlate between ovarian CA and plasma
      pituitary hormones. Ovaries, spleen (as a control tissue not subjected to
      endocrine regulation), and trunk blood were collected at 5-day intervals between
      days 5 and 40. Ovarian NE concentration increased markedly between days 20 and 35
      of life, whereas the major rise in splenic NE concentration occurred between days
      10 and 15. Ovarian and splenic tissues from neonatal females were capable of de
      novo synthesis of NE from tritiated tyrosine without an appreciable accumulation
      of L-Dopa and dopamine. The rate of NE synthesis by ovarian tissue taken from 20
      day-old rats was significantly lower than that from 30- and 40-day-old rats,
      whereas NE production by splenic tissue from 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats were
      similar. Plasma FSH concentration was significantly elevated between days 10 and
      20, whereas the major rise in plasma LH and PRL occurred between days 25 and 40.
      The following conclusions were reached. The delayed elevation of ovarian NE,
      compared to splenic NE, is attributable to a decreased production of NE by the
      ovary on day 20 and may involve a suppression or a delay in development of the
      activity of a key CA biosynthetic enzyme such as tyrosine hydroxylase. Given the
      temporal relationship between plasma gonadotropins, in particular FSH, and
      changes in ovarian NE, it is postulated that ovarian CA during neonatal
      development are subjected to regulation by circulating pituitary hormones.

PMID- 6434293
TI  - Does prolactin modify testosterone feedback in the hamster? Pituitary grafts
      alter the ability of testosterone to suppress luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone release in castrated male hamsters.
AB  - Adult male golden hamsters maintained in a long photoperiod (14 h of light and 10
      h of darkness) or in a short photoperiod (5 h of light and 19 h of darkness for 7
      weeks) were castrated and either given one anterior pituitary transplant under
      the kidney capsule or sham-operated. Additional animals were castrated and
      grafted or sham-grafted at the time of transfer to the short photoperiod.
      Starting 2 weeks after castration, all animals were injected three times a week
      with 20 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP). After 3 weeks, the dose of TP
      was increased to 80 micrograms and, after an additional 2 weeks, to 320
      micrograms per injection. Blood samples were collected 2 weeks after castration
      and 1 day after the last injection of 20, 80, and 320 micrograms TP. Short
      photoperiod reduced and pituitary grafts increased plasma PRL levels. Plasma
      testosterone levels were related to the dose of injected TP, but were not
      influenced by photoperiod or pituitary transplants. Before the onset of TP
      injections, plasma LH and FSH levels in grafted and sham-grafted hamsters did not
      differ. In each of the three photoperiod conditions, injections of TP were
      consistently less effective in suppressing plasma gonadotropin levels in
      pituitary-grafted animals than in sham-grafted controls. These results indicate
      that PRL modulates the effects of exogenous testosterone on LH and FSH release in
      adult castrated male golden hamsters, this effect of PRL is due to reducing the
      sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary system to feedback inhibition by
      testosterone, and suppression of pituitary PRL release in short photoperiod may
      be partially responsible for the concomitant increase in the sensitivity of LH
      and FSH release to inhibition by testosterone.

PMID- 6434294
TI  - Antiepileptic effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its new derivative, DN
      1417, examined in feline amygdaloid kindling preparation.
AB  - The comparative antiepileptic effects of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and
      its new derivative, gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide
      citrate (DN-1417), were examined in feline amygdaloid kindling preparations. When
      tested in kindled animals, both agents showed a transient and non-dose-dependent
      anticonvulsant effect, in addition to raising the generalized convulsive seizure
      triggering threshold for a prolonged period of time. Furthermore, DN-1417 exerted
      a significant effect on postictal events: shortening the electrographic silence,
      leaving the duration of slow activity intact, while prolonging the period of
      seizure refractoriness. When tested in kindling animals, DN-1417 showed a
      significant but non-dose-dependent prophylactic effect on both primary and
      secondary amygdaloid sites.

PMID- 6434295
TI  - The blood-brain barrier lesion and the systemic convulsant model of epilepsy.
AB  - Systemic kainic acid (KA) at 1 mg/kg crosses the normal blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      of rats to produce scattered sharp waves for approximately 10 min on the EEG, but
      is without observable effect, producing no EEG or behavioral changes, at 0.5
      mg/kg. When the BBB is opened in most of one hemisphere by 6,000 rads, the rats
      are clinically normal and have a normal EEG. When the irradiated rats are
      challenged with 0.5 mg/kg KA, intense, highly lateralized epileptiform bursts
      result; these bursts last 1-10 s and recur for 90 mins. This phenomenon is
      repeatable for the 1 week that the BBB is open. The results are identical when
      the BBB is opened with a pin lesion. Because endogenous glutamate agonists are
      common, these data suggest a possible pathophysiologic mechanism for human
      epilepsy.

PMID- 6434296
TI  - Disposition of progabide and valproic acid following intraperitoneal
      administration in rhesus monkey.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic characteristics of progabide, a new gamma-aminobutyric acid
      mimetic drug, were evaluated following single- and multiple-dose administration
      of a progabide suspension through a chronic intraperitoneal catheter. Several
      issues pertaining to the bioavailability of progabide were addressed: first-pass
      effect, incomplete dissolution, and dose and time dependency. Four male monkeys
      received five treatments: three intraperitoneal doses (50, 100, and 150 mg), one
      oral dose (50 mg), and one intravenous bolus dose (150 mg). Bioavailability
      following intraperitoneal administration was incomplete, consistent with a first
      pass effect predicted from intravenous data. There were no significant
      differences between the absolute bioavailabilities of the three intraperitoneal
      doses, which ranged between 40 and 49%. The apparent half-life (t 1/2) observed
      after intraperitoneal administration was significantly longer than the
      elimination half-life by the intravenous route and tended to increase with dose.
      This behavior is consistent with dissolution rate-limited absorption. The
      bioavailability of the suspension administered orally was compared with that of
      the intraperitoneal route, and no difference was found. However, the apparent t
      1/2 by the oral route was significantly longer than that of the intraperitoneal
      route. In multiple-dosing studies, four different dosing regimens (all
      intraperitoneal) were examined, including 50 mg every 2 or every 6 h, 20 mg every
      2 h, and 40 mg every 4 h. In all these regimens, plasma levels exhibited an
      accumulation compared with single-dose predictions. Large oscillations in plasma
      levels were observed when the dosing interval was 6 h and side effects were
      observed when the dosing interval was 2 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434297
TI  - Effects of SKF525A, phenobarbital, fasting, and carnitine on the anticonvulsant
      activity and neurotoxicity of valproate in mice.
AB  - The anticonvulsant potency of valproate (VPA), as measured by the maximal
      electroshock seizure model in mice, was improved by pretreatment with the
      microsomal inhibitor SKF525A and by fasting, but was reduced by chronic
      phenobarbital pretreatment. Carnitine did not significantly alter the
      anticonvulsant properties of VPA. These findings suggest that the efficacy of VPA
      can be improved by factors that alter its metabolic pattern.

PMID- 6434298
TI  - Mutagen sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster: VII. Alkylation mutagenesis of
      mature and immature oocytes of the excision-deficient mus (2) 201D1 mutant.

PMID- 6434299
TI  - Pulmonary function testing in small laboratory mammals.
AB  - The lung is the primary organ likely to be exposed by inhalation studies and,
      therefore, measurement of changes in lung function are of particular interest to
      the pulmonary physiologist and toxicologist. Tests of pulmonary function have
      been developed which can be used with small animals to measure spirometry (lung
      volumes), mechanics, distribution of ventilation, gas exchange or control of
      ventilation. These tests were designed on the basis of similar tests which are
      used in humans to diagnose and manage patients with lung disease. A major
      difference is that many of the measurements are performed in anesthetized
      animals, while human pulmonary function is usually measured in awake cooperating
      individuals. In addition, the measurement of respiratory events in small animals
      requires sensitive and rapidly responding equipment, because signals may be small
      and events can occur quickly. In general, the measurements described provide
      information on the change in normal lung function which results primarily from
      structural changes. These tests of pulmonary function can be repetitively and
      routinely accomplished and the results appear to be highly reproducible. Although
      some are quite sophisticated, many can be undertaken with relatively inexpensive
      equipment and provide useful information for toxicological testing.

PMID- 6434300
TI  - Proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas in male F344/N rats.
AB  - While the rat pancreas is susceptible to experimental cancer induction, the
      spontaneous incidence of pancreatic cancer in this species is reported to be very
      low. However, we observed unusually high incidences of focal acinar hyperplasia
      and acinar adenoma in vehicle control male F344/N rats of some NCI/NTP 2-year
      toxicological studies. The vehicle in these studies was corn oil given by gavage.
      Focal acinar hyperplasia, acinar adenoma, and acinar carcinoma (found rarely)
      represent a continuous spectrum of proliferative lesions of the exocrine
      pancreas. While the carcinomas have clear morphological indications of
      malignancy, the biological behavior of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar
      adenoma is not known. Although induction of acinar carcinomas is considered clear
      evidence of carcinogenicity of a test chemical, significantly increased
      incidences in treated rats of acinar adenomas but not carcinomas provides some
      evidence of carcinogenicity. The association of acinar hyperplasia and adenoma
      with vegetable oil gavage complicates the interpretation when marginally elevated
      incidences of these lesions are observed in rats administered the test chemical
      in vegetable oil vehicle. Studies of the biological behavior of exocrine
      pancreatic lesions in male rats would be helpful in assessing the significance of
      their presence when found after test compound administration.

PMID- 6434301
TI  - Physiological basis and interpretation of indices of pulmonary mechanics.
AB  - Tests of pulmonary mechanical function provide information about the state of the
      lungs, both airways and parenchyma. This information can be extracted from
      measurements made in experimental animals, especially the combined determination
      of pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance. This report discusses the
      rationale upon which effects of an intervention on the lung periphery can be
      distinguished from those on more central airways. Further, practical
      considerations involved in making these measurements are discussed.

PMID- 6434302
TI  - Further evidence for a separate enzymic entity for the synthesis of
      homocitrulline, distinct from the regular ornithine transcarbamylase.
AB  - Differential digitonin extraction of rat liver mitochondria and of mitochondria
      of livers of affected and unaffected male sparse fur mice released a lysine
      transcarbamylase activity from the mitochondria at a digitonin to protein ratio
      in between that for myokinase and glutamate dehydrogenase, but at a slightly
      lower ratio than the ornithine transcarbamylase activity. Homocitrulline
      formation by isolated rat liver mitochondria is independent of the uptake of
      lysine by mitochondria as evidenced by the insensitivity of homocitrulline
      formation to changes in the matrix pH, in contrast to citrulline formation from
      ornithine. High-performance liquid chromatography separates the lysine
      transcarbamylase activity from the ornithine transcarbamylase activity. It is
      concluded that the lysine transcarbamylase activity is localized outside the
      inner mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 6434303
TI  - Haemostatic mechanisms of the newborn foal: reduced platelet responsiveness.
AB  - Whole blood platelet counts, coagulation profiles and in vitro platelet function
      tests were monitored in newborn foals during the first week of life. Platelet
      counts, mean platelet volumes and thrombin-induced malondialdehyde production
      were not different from adult mares. Prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times
      were slightly, but not significantly, longer for neonatal blood samples than for
      mare samples. Platelet aggregation responses to serotonin, arachidonic acid or
      adrenaline did not change during the study. On the other hand, adenosine
      diphosphate-induced aggregation and collagen-induced aggregation increased
      progressively over the first week of life. Adrenaline exposure diminished
      adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation only during the first 12 h of life. The
      results of this study indicate that the haemostatic mechanisms of equine neonates
      are immature at birth and that, during the maturation period, the equine neonate
      may be at risk of platelet-associated haemorrhagic disorders.

PMID- 6434304
TI  - Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of the sleep apnea syndromes.

PMID- 6434305
TI  - Cloning and sequencing of a sheep metallothionein cDNA.
AB  - A partially purified metallothionein mRNA fraction from copper-injected sheep
      liver was used to synthesize double-stranded cDNA, which was dC-tailed, annealed
      to dG-tailed pBR322 and used to transform Escherichia coli MC1061. Of the 1500
      recombinant clones only one gave a positive signal when screened with a mouse
      metallothionein 1 probe. This clone (pSMT-1) contained an insert which included
      the entire coding region of a sheep metallothionein, the whole 3'-untranslated
      region, part of the poly(A)-tail and 25 bases of the 5'-untranslated region. DNA
      sequence analysis showed that this sheep metallothionein was very similar to
      other mammalian metallothioneins except for a threonine to proline change at
      amino acid 27. The clone also contained a different polyadenylation signal d(A-G
      T-A-A-A) from that usually found d(A-A-T-A-A-A). Comparison of the DNA sequence
      of the sheep metallothionein with those of other species revealed an interesting
      region of homology close to the poly(A) addition signal in the 3'-untranslated
      region of the mRNA.

PMID- 6434306
TI  - Structure of the oligosaccharides sensitive to endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase
      H in the glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus.
AB  - The surface glycoprotein (mixture of isoglycoproteins with Mr 69 000 and 71 000)
      was isolated from the particles of Friend murine leukemia virus, and was
      successively digested with protease and with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      from Streptomyces griseus. Roughly 20% (w/w) of the carbohydrates in this
      glycoprotein were thus released, and they were fractionated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography after reduction with KB3H4/NaBH4. The radioactive
      oligosaccharitol fractions obtained were analyzed by exoglycosidase digestion, by
      acetolysis, and, after permethylation, by fast atom-bombardment mass
      spectrometry, as well as by capillary gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
      following hydrolysis, reduction and peracetylation. Around 85% (mol/mol) of the
      endo-H-sensitive viral glycans were thus found to be oligomannosidic
      oligosaccharitols of size classes Man5GlcNAcOH, Man6GlcNAcOH, Man8GlcNAcOH,
      Man7GlcNAcOH, and Man9GlcNAcOH (in order of prevalence), and the major structural
      isomers of each size class were identified. About another 15% (mol/mol) of the
      oligosaccharitols were shown to be of the 'mixed type', comprising mainly four
      species in which the Man(alpha 1----6)-branch of the Man alpha 1----6 (Man alpha
      1----3) Man beta 1----4GlcNAcOH core is substituted by one or two additional
      alpha-mannoses, while the Man(alpha 1----3)-branch carries an N-acetyllactosamine
      unit substituted by sialic acid, or by Gal(alpha 1----3).

PMID- 6434307
TI  - Structure of human-basement-membrane (type IV) collagen. Complete amino-acid
      sequence of a 914-residue-long pepsin fragment from the alpha 1(IV) chain.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the 914-residue-long pepsin fragment alpha 1
      (IV)95 from the alpha 1 chain of human placental basement membrane (type IV)
      collagen is presented. This sequence contains 12 interruptions of the collagenous
      triplet sequence Gly-Xaa-Yaa which varied in length from 1 to 11 residues. The
      distribution of amino acids between the Xaa and Yaa position was similar to that
      found in interstitial collagens but the extent of proline and lysine
      hydroxylation differed. Computer comparisons of the alpha 1 (IV)95 sequence with
      those of the interstitial collagen chains did not reveal any homology, whereas a
      comparison with the partial sequences of mouse tumor and bovine lens capsule
      alpha 1 (IV) showed an approximately 85% identity. The unique sequence
      characteristics of type IV collagen are discussed in relation to its
      macromolecular structure and to the interstitial collagens.

PMID- 6434308
TI  - Immunochemical identification of a two-subunit NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
      from Paracoccus denitrificans.
AB  - Analysis by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis of Paracoccus denitrificans membrane
      vesicles has shown that only one antigen stains for NADH dehydrogenase activity.
      This activity could be partially purified by a combination of gel filtration and
      ion-exchange chromatography of membrane vesicles that had been solubilised in the
      non-ionic detergent Nonidet P-40. From the limited number of precipitates
      observed after crossed immunoelectrophoresis of this partially purified
      preparation of NADH dehydrogenase it was possible to excise specifically part of
      the precipitate that stained for NADH dehydrogenase. Excised precipitates
      containing NADH dehydrogenase that had been radiolabelled by growth of cells in
      the presence of [35S]SO2-(4) allowed the polypeptide composition of the enzyme to
      be determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulphate followed by fluorography. Two subunits were identified with
      estimated relative molecular masses of 48000 and 25000. Subunits of similar
      molecular weight are found in the flavoprotein fragment of the NADH dehydrogenase
      of the mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain. The latter has general
      similarities with the respiratory chain in the plasma membrane of P.
      denitrificans.

PMID- 6434309
TI  - Biosynthesis of N-acetylmannosaminuronic-acid-containing cell-wall polysaccharide
      of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The particulate enzyme from Bacillus subtilis AHU 1031 catalyzed the synthesis of
      a polysaccharide and glycolipids from UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid (UDP
      ManNAcUA), UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), and UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc). The
      polysaccharide synthesis required UDP-ManNAcUA and UDP-GlcNAc, proceeded
      optimally at pH 8.5 and in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 and 2.5 mM dithiothreitol,
      and was stimulated by the addition of UDP-Glc. The molar ratio of ManNAcUA,
      GlcNAc, and Glc incorporated into polysaccharide was calculated to be 1:1:1.8
      from chemical analysis involving reduction with water soluble carbodiimide; its
      relative molecular mass was estimated to be 12000. The analysis of Smith
      degradation products revealed that the polysaccharide backbone is composed of
      repeating trisaccharide units comprising ManNAcUA, GlcNAc, and Glc. Based on the
      data regarding the time course of the incorporation of glucose into the
      polysaccharide, extra glucose seems to be attached to the polysaccharide backbone
      as lateral branches. The saccharide moieties of the glycolipids were identified
      as GlcNAc, ManNAcUA-GlcNAc, and Glc-ManNAcUA-GlcNAc from several analytical
      criteria. The addition of antibiotic 24010, a tunicamycin-like antibiotic, at 10
      micrograms/ml resulted in almost complete inhibition of the synthesis of
      glycolipids and polysaccharide. It is therefore concluded that the glycolipids
      function as intermediates in polysaccharide formation. Incubation of the ManNAcUA
      GlcNAc-linked lipid. (labeled in the ManNAcUA moiety) with the particulate enzyme
      and UDP-Glc resulted incorporation of radioactivity into a trisaccharide-linked
      lipid and a polysaccharide. These results suggest that the particulate enzyme
      utilizes the trisaccharide moiety of the Glc-ManNAcUA-GlcNAc-linked lipid for the
      elongation of the main polysaccharide chain presumed to be cell wall acidic
      polysaccharide of this strain.

PMID- 6434310
TI  - Galactosyl transferases of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Characterization of
      two oligosaccharide products synthesised using bovine asialo submaxillary-gland
      mucin as acceptor.
AB  - Extracts of BHK (baby hamster kidney) cells catalyse incorporation of galactose
      from UDP-galactose into asialo bovine submaxillary gland mucin. The
      galactosylated oligosaccharide products were released by alkaline-borohydride
      treatment and purified by Bio-Gel P2 chromatography and high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The structures of the oligosaccharide sequences synthesised have
      been identified unequivocally by high resolution 500 MHz 1H-NMR as galactosyl
      (beta 1----3) N-acetylgalactosamine and galactosyl (beta 1----4) N
      acetylglucosaminyl (beta 1----3)-N-acetylgalactosamine. Characterization of the
      latter sequence shows the presence in bovine mucin of the type III core sequence
      N-acetylglucosamine-(beta 1----3) N-acetylgalactosamine. Fractionation of BHK
      cell extracts on alpha-lactalbumin-Agarose has shown that the (beta 1----4)
      galactosyl transferase responsible for synthesis of the trisaccharide binds to
      alpha-lactalbumin, a modulator of the (beta 1----4)-galactosyl transferase
      involved in N-glycan assembly. The evidence that the same transferase activity
      may be responsible for galactose transfer to both O-glycans and N-glycans is
      discussed.

PMID- 6434311
TI  - Uncoupled synthesis of H1o-like histone H1s during late erythropoiesis in Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - This study investigated the synthesis of Xenopus histones during erythropoiesis.
      Although cessation of DNA replication in the mid-stages of erythroid maturation
      is accompanied by arrested synthesis of histone H1 and core histones, synthesis
      of H1o (an H1o-like histone) was found to continue into late stages of
      erythropoiesis, as has been reported for avian erythrocyte histone H5. This was
      accompanied by a threefold increase in the relative amount of Xenopus H1s,
      similar to the accumulation reported for H5 during avian erythropoiesis and for
      H1o in some differentiated mammalian cells. The structural and metabolic
      homologies of avian H5, mammalian H1o, and Xenopus H1s imply that these lysine
      rich histones have closely related functions distinct from those of H1, and thus
      represent a subclass of lysine-rich histones.

PMID- 6434312
TI  - Vasoactive drugs and elastic properties of human arteries in vivo, with special
      reference to the action of nitroglycerine.
AB  - Pulsatile changes in the volume of an arm segment were recorded with an air
      filled plethysmograph and related to intra-arterial blood pressure. Alterations
      in transmural arterial pressure were obtained by changing the pressure in a large
      chamber surrounding the entire arm. Arterial compliance values were calculated in
      late diastole when pressure and volume changes were slow. Compliance varied with
      transmural arterial pressure in a hyperbolic manner, rising steeply at low
      pressure. Noradrenaline and hypertensin did not change the arterial compliance
      values, while dihydroergotamine reduced them. Nitroglycerine caused a pronounced
      increase in compliance values in doses that did not change cardiac output and
      arterial pressure.

PMID- 6434313
TI  - Financial analysis, personnel planning and organizational requirements for the
      installation of a kidney lithotripter in a urologic department.
AB  - The first clinical experiences with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)-
      the method of choice in noninvasive treatment of renal calculi--were so
      encouraging that more ESWL units are now being installed and a still larger
      number can be predicted. A cost-efficiency analysis shows that, in spite of high
      investment costs, a net saving of about DM 4,599 (deutsche marks) can be figured
      for each 'ESWL patient' compared to the expenses of an open operation. This
      benefit is due to the reduction of disability time, hospital stay and dialysis
      cases. For the management of an ESWL unit a trained team of urologists and
      anesthesiologists, as well as a clinic with an 'operative background' is
      necessary.

PMID- 6434314
TI  - Differences in DMBA-induced mammary neoplastic responses in two lines of Sprague
      Dawley rats.
AB  - It has been reported that female Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from a U.S. source
      and studied in the U.S. gave a larger and more rapid mammary neoplastic response
      to radiation than did female Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from a Dutch source and
      studied in The Netherlands. To learn if the different mammary neoplastic
      responses of the two 'lines' of Sprague-Dawley rats are due to inherent
      differences between the lines of rats or due to differences in experimental
      conditions, two groups of rats from the American source and one group from the
      Dutch source were studied for their response to a chemical carcinogen,
      dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), at the same laboratory. When 10 mg of DMBA per 100
      g body wt was given by stomach tube to 28 rats from the Dutch source, 367 days
      later approximately 25% of these rats had developed mammary carcinomas and
      approximately 18% had developed mammary fibroadenomas. When the same dose of DMBA
      was given to rats from the U.S. source, 300 days later 90 and 100% had developed
      mammary carcinomas and 83 and 95% had developed mammary fibroadenomas. Similar
      trends were found for the number of neoplasms per rat and the mean time of
      appearance of the neoplasms. It was concluded that there are inherent differences
      between Sprague-Dawley rats obtained in the U.S. and Sprague-Dawley rats obtained
      in The Netherlands in regard to their mammary neoplastic responses to DMBA, as
      well as in their responses to radiation. Genetic differences between the two
      lines were confirmed by establishing dissimilarities in the expression of
      erythrocyte antigens coded for by RT1 (major histocompatibility complex).

PMID- 6434316
TI  - Hazards in subgroups of human obesity.

PMID- 6434315
TI  - Endocrine effects of the combination of megestrol acetate and tamoxifen in the
      treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Six postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer, who responded to
      megestrol acetate after 6 weeks of treatment, were treated with the combination
      of megestrol acetate and tamoxifen during the next 6 weeks. The study was
      oriented towards the endocrine effects of this combination since it was known
      from our previous studies that megestrol acetate induces suppression of serum
      gonadotropins and of the pituitary-adrenal axis, a decrease of peripheral
      concentration of SHBG and of estradiol, and an increase of basal and TRH
      stimulated plasma prolactin concentration. Tamoxifen, on the other hand, produces
      a decrease of prolactin and gonadotropins, whilst estradiol remains unaffected.
      Although the role of prolactin in the growth of human breast cancer has not been
      elucidated yet and there is no unequivocal evidence that a decrease in plasma
      prolactin could be of benefit for treatment of metastatic breast cancer, we
      tested whether addition of tamoxifen to the treatment regimen eliminated
      megestrol acetate-induced hyperprolactinaemia. The results show that addition of
      tamoxifen to megestrol acetate treatment annihilated the hyper-response of
      prolactin to TRH stimulation, while basal prolactin levels remained unaffected.
      The negative effect on plasma gonadotropin concentration appeared to be
      amplified, while estradiol and cortisol were not affected and SHBG increased. The
      results of these endocrine investigations merit a further study, directed to
      antitumor effects of this combination modality.

PMID- 6434317
TI  - Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on cultured rabbit aortic myocytes and human
      platelets in vitro.
AB  - The recently reported finding that a moderate alcohol consumption may lower the
      risk of cardiovascular disease prompted a study of the effects of ethanol and
      acetaldehyde on proliferation, viability and collagen secretion of rabbit aortic
      myocytes in culture and on the spontaneous efflux reaction of human platelets in
      vitro. Ethanol had no effects on any of the systems and acetaldehyde did not
      influence platelets significantly. Fifty mumol 1(-1) acetaldehyde diminished the
      proliferation and collagen secretion of arterial myocytes by 20% (P less than
      0.01) and 100 mumol 1(-1) acetaldehyde by 39% (P less than 0.001) without
      affecting cell mass or cell death. A metabolic degradation, and some evaporation,
      of acetaldehyde was taking place and 50 mumol 1(-1) acetaldehyde was halved after
      approximately 2 h. The more 'physiological' concentration of acetaldehyde (5
      mumol 1(-1] influenced cell proliferation significantly (P less than 0.001) if
      the concentration was restored by 6-h intervals and the incubation time increased
      from 24 to 48 h. The weak aldehydedehydrogenase inhibitor chlorpropamide did not
      accentuate the effects of acetaldehyde.

PMID- 6434318
TI  - Early changes in sodium and water balances in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction: relationship to haemodynamics and creatine kinase.
AB  - The changes in sodium and water balances during the first 4 days after an
      uncomplicated transmural myocardial infarction (MI) were determined in forty
      patients. The sodium balance was positive 4 days after MI in 80% of the patients
      but negative in 20%. Neither in anterior (n = 23) nor in inferior (n = 17) MI
      were rank correlations found between the haemodynamic parameters (cardiac index,
      mean arterial pressure, mean right atrial or pulmonary capillary pressures, right
      or left ventricular work indices) and sodium balance. However, the sodium
      balances correlated with the total creatine kinase (CK) release in anterior MI
      after 1 day (r = 0.60; P less than 0.002) and after 4 days (r = 0.65; P less than
      0.001) but not in inferior MI. Furthermore, in anterior and inferior MI matched
      for their CK release, the sodium handling was different both after 1 day (-70 in
      anterior v. +44 mmol (24 h)-1 in inferior MI; P less than 0.001) and after 4 days
      (-36 v. +147 mmol (72 h)-1; P less than 0.01), a difference unexplained by
      differences in medical management or in sodium intake. Finally, sodium balance
      correlated with the changes in left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI)
      observed during this period (r = 0.48, P less than 0.001), LVSWI being more
      stable when sodium balance was more positive. In conclusion, sodium balance after
      uncomplicated acute MI is related to MI location, to the size of anterior MI, and
      cannot be predicted from initial haemodynamics. Finally, the relation between
      LVSWI stability and positive sodium balance suggests that arbitrary sodium
      restrictions or diuretics might be deleterious to the haemodynamics after
      uncomplicated myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6434319
TI  - Impaired plasma amino-acid clearance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and
      portocaval shunt--its relation to insulin resistance.
AB  - To study the interdependence of utilization of branched chain amino acids and
      glucose and of hyperinsulinaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis the plasma
      disappearance of glucose and amino acids was estimated in seven patients with
      cirrhosis and portocaval shunt and in seven healthy controls following infusion
      of glucose and essential amino acids during suppression of endogenous hormone
      release by somatostatin. Exogenous insulin was infused by means of an automated
      glucose controlled insulin infusion system. The data demonstrate that (i) insulin
      requirement almost doubled in patients as compared to controls to obtain similar
      blood glucose responses to i.v. glucose, and (ii) the plasma disappearance rates
      of the infused amino acids were reduced in the patients as compared to controls
      despite hyperinsulinaemia sufficient to achieve normal glucose assimilation.
      Thus, in cirrhotic patients insulin resistance may be overcome by excess insulin
      as far as glucose homoestasis is concerned, whereas amino-acid metabolism still
      remains impaired.

PMID- 6434320
TI  - Progressive renovascular hypertension by increasing aortic constriction in rats.
AB  - Moderate and progressive hypertension was produced experimentally in rats by
      progressive aortic constriction. The progression of the stenosis was assessed by
      the differences of pressure across the stenosis. Haemodynamic studies were
      performed 15, 30 and 60 days after the ligature was placed or after sham
      operation. Fifteen days after surgery, when the ligated rats did not show any
      increase in carotic pressure, they showed augmented cardiac output (50.3 +/- 5.4
      v. 29.7 +/- 2.0 ml min-1 100 g-1; mean +/- -SEM) and a decreased total peripheral
      resistance (2.23 +/- 0.21 v. 3.67 +/- 0.20 mmHg ml-1 min 100 g). They also had
      decreased vascular resistance in both kidneys and in skeletal muscle samples
      above and below the ligature as well as increased plasma renin content and normal
      values of plasma volume and extracellular volume. Later in the evolution of
      hypertension, carotic pressure and the pressure gradient across the stenosis
      increased (51.8 +/- 4.5 v. 0.9 +/- 1.6 mmHg in controls), cardiac output
      decreased to control values, total peripheral resistance as well as renal and
      muscular vascular resistances increased. Plasma and extracellular volume remained
      unchanged in ligated rats in contrast to controls where they decreased. Perfusion
      pressure of the kidney below the ligature did never fall below control values
      (97.2 +/- 3.4 v. 100.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg). A small but constant degree of elastosis
      and a double layer of myocytes in the renal arterioles above the ligature was the
      only histological finding.

PMID- 6434321
TI  - Studies of lipoprotein metabolism in a patient with fish-eye disease.
AB  - In the rare familial disorder fish-eye disease, hypertriglyceridaemia is
      associated with elevated levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and
      enrichment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with triglyceride. The kinetic basis
      of the dyslipoproteinaemia was investigated by studying the metabolism of the
      apolipoprotein-B moeity of VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL
      in a 68-year-old woman with this condition. The major kinetic abnormality was a
      pronounced reduction in the rate of fractional conversion of VLDL-B to IDL-B and
      of IDL-B to LDL-B, suggesting that the dyslipoproteinaemia represents
      accumulation in plasma of partly degraded products of VLDL metabolism. This
      kinetic disorder has features in common with type-III hyperlipoproteinaemia. In
      studies in vitro no defect in the enzyme, activator or substrate components of
      the lipoprotein lipase or hepatic lipase systems was observed.

PMID- 6434322
TI  - An erythrocyte transketolase isoenzyme pattern associated with the Wernicke
      Korsakoff syndrome.
AB  - Two techniques were used to seek variants of human erythrocyte transketolase and
      to test for any association of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a thiamin
      deficiency disease, with a particular variant of this thiamin-dependent enzyme.
      Apparent Km values for the cofactor thiamin diphosphate were similar for patients
      and controls. However, isoelectric focussing separated erythrocyte transketolase
      into different isoenzymes characterized by pI values in the range 6.6-9.2. Six
      distinct patterns of isoenzymes were found in thirty-six healthy control
      subjects. The isoenzyme pattern for thirty-nine out of forty-two patients
      suffering from the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome was identical to a pattern found
      in only eight of thirty-six control subjects, a highly significant association (P
      less than 0.001). This association suggests that a variant transketolase and
      thiamin deficiency together contribute to the pathogenesis of the brain damage of
      the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome by some mechanism independent of apparent Km
      values for thiamin diphosphate.

PMID- 6434323
TI  - Size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young women.
AB  - Muscle weakness and wasting may be evaluated objectively by dynamometry and
      compound ultrasound imaging. We have measured the voluntary isometric strength of
      the quadriceps muscles of healthy women in their 70s (n = 25) and in their 20s (n
      = 25) and have compared it with the mid-thigh cross-sectional area of the same
      muscles. The two groups of women showed similar variability when strength was
      measured on consecutive days (coefficients of variation: 8%). The older women
      were 35% weaker than the young women (P less than 0.001) and their quadriceps
      cross-sectional area was 33% less (P less than 0.001). Quadriceps strength and
      cross-sectional area were correlated (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001, elderly; r =
      0.53, P less than 0.01, young) and the principal axis of the relationship was
      closely similar for the two groups of women. There is therefore no difference in
      the intrinsic strength of the quadriceps muscles of healthy women in their third
      and eighth decades. This report also provides normative data for the objective
      evaluation of quadriceps weakness and/or wasting in female patients. The
      techniques involved are straightforward, the dynamometer is easily made, and
      compound ultrasound imaging is widely available.

PMID- 6434324
TI  - Early released lipid-soluble cardiodepressant factor and elevated oestrogenic
      substances in human septic shock.
AB  - A cardiodepressant factor (CDF) able to decrease contractile activity of cultured
      rat heart cells was determined to be located in the lipid-soluble fraction of
      sera from men in septic shock. This heat-stable CDF has a molecular weight under
      1000. Repeated fractionations of sera gave evidence of an oestrone-like
      chromatographic behaviour. Oestrone, oestradiol and cortisol were immunologically
      quantified in two groups (recovery and death) of men in septic shock. All of them
      were elevated in sera from patients with shock. Highest levels of oestrone 4330
      pmol 1(-1), (SEM +/- 851, n = 15), oestradiol 1030 pmol 1(-1), (SEM +/- 220, n =
      15) and cortisol 1096 pmol 1(-1), (SEM +/- 94, n = 15), were found in patients
      who failed to recover from shock. However, oestrone levels were the most
      striking, especially in the male. This study gives evidence for a polarity
      relationship between the CDF and oestrone, but natural oestrone does not appear
      to be a direct CDF. Moreover, this study shows that radioimmunoassay of oestrone
      could be an important index evaluating the severeness of septic shock.

PMID- 6434325
TI  - Quantitation of bilirubin conjugates with high-performance liquid chromatography
      in patients with low total serum bilirubin levels.
AB  - Bilirubin mono- and diconjugates were determined by alkaline methanolysis and
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in serum from patients with
      metastatic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. Conjugates could be detected and
      quantitated at normal or low total bilirubin levels. Comparison with serum
      alkaline phosphatase activity revealed that in cirrhosis bilirubin conjugates
      were sometimes detectable at normal or slightly elevated alkaline phosphatase
      activities. In patients with metastatic liver disease alkaline phosphatase
      activity was a more sensitive indicator. In normal controls and in patients with
      Gilbert's syndrome no bilirubin conjugates were detected whereas serum of
      patients with haemolysis contained conjugated bilirubin. Therefore HPLC appears
      to be an excellent method to diagnose Gilbert's syndrome. In liver cirrhosis HPLC
      is a useful liver function test.

PMID- 6434326
TI  - Blood acetaldehyde concentration gradient between hepatic and antecubital venous
      blood in ethanol-intoxicated alcoholics and controls.
AB  - After ethanol (0.8 g kg-1 body weight orally) significant concentrations of
      acetaldehyde (2-20 mumol 1(-1] were found in hepatic venous blood of moderately
      intoxicated non-alcoholic male Caucasians in spite of the absence of detectable
      levels (less than 2 mumol 1(-1] in simultaneously taken antecubital blood. In
      thirteen chronic alcoholics the elevation of blood acetaldehyde was more constant
      in the hepatic than in the peripheral vein. Fructose infusion caused a marked
      elevation of acetaldehyde both in the hepatic and peripheral vein of four
      controls, but not of four alcoholics, who eliminated ethanol about 50% faster
      than controls. The rate of disappearance of acetaldehyde from sampled and in
      vitro incubated hepatic venous blood was similar to that observed after addition
      of acetaldehyde in vitro to ethanol-free control blood (2 nmol ml-1 min-1 at 20
      mumol 1(-1) acetaldehyde; Km about 30 mumol 1(-1]. Uptake of acetaldehyde in
      blood was calculated to explain maximally 30-40% of the concentration gradient
      between central and peripheral blood.

PMID- 6434327
TI  - In vivo dopamine autoreceptor selectivity appears to be critically dependent upon
      the aromatic hydroxyl position in a series of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminotetralins.
AB  - The potencies of a number of 2-aminotetralin derivatives as centrally acting
      dopamine (DA) receptor agonists were investigated using the reversal of the gamma
      butyrolactone-induced increase in rat central DA biosynthesis rate as a measure
      of potency at DA autoreceptors and the reversal of the reserpine-induced
      immobility of mice as a measure of postsynaptic DA receptor stimulating potency.
      The results indicated that the compounds fell into two separate groups depending
      on their effectiveness in the postsynaptic test model. High postsynaptic
      effectiveness was achieved with compounds bearing a hydroxyl group at the 5
      position of the aminotetralin structure, whereas aminotetralins lacking this
      substitution pattern were found to possess high DA autoreceptor selectivity. The
      observed dichotomy of DA agonists is discussed in relation to the possible
      involvement of multiple DA receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 6434328
TI  - Peripheral administration of eel calcitonin inhibits thyrotropin secretion in
      rats.
AB  - The effects of peripheral administration of eel calcitonin on thyrotropin (TSH)
      and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion were studied in rats. Eel
      calcitonin (50 U/kg) was injected i.v. The hypothalamic immunoreactive TRH (ir
      TRH) contents increased significantly after calcitonin injection. Plasma TSH
      levels decreased in a dose-related manner with a nadir at 30 min after the
      injection. The plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold as well as the plasma TSH
      response to TRH were inhibited by calcitonin. The inhibitory effect of calcitonin
      on TSH levels was prevented in the haloperidol-, pimozide- or p
      chlorophenylalanine-pretreated group, but not in the L-DOPA- or 5
      hydroxytryptophan-pretreated group. The findings suggest that calcitonin acts on
      both the hypothalamus and the pituitary to inhibit TRH and TSH release, and that
      its effects may be modified by amines of the central nervous system.

PMID- 6434329
TI  - In vivo binding of N-n-propylnorapomorphine in the rat striatum: quantification
      after lesions produced by kainate, 6-hydroxydopamine and decortication.
AB  - The neuronal localization of in vivo N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) binding in
      the rat striatum was studied using 3 types of lesions. Striatal dopamine (DA)
      receptor densities (Bmax) were estimated from the relationships between total
      striatal and cerebellar NPA accumulation. A Bmax of 26.9 +/- 1.6 fmol X mg-1 wet
      weight tissue was found in the striata of non-lesioned (unoperated) rats. Similar
      values were obtained for striata with 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned dopaminergic
      fibres. Kainate (KA)-lesioned striata contained 4.6 +/- 0.5 fmol X mg-1 saturable
      NPA binding sites. After unilateral decortication the receptor densities were in
      both striata resulting in ipsi- and contralateral Bmax values of 23 and 36 fmol X
      mg-1 respectively. With a tracer dose of [3H]NPA less radioactivity accumulated
      in the KA-lesioned striatum, while after unilateral destruction of the
      dopaminergic pathway more radioactivity was found in the ipsilateral striatum and
      no bilateral differences in striatal radioactivity concentration were found after
      unilateral cortical ablation. These observations show that all in vivo saturable
      striatal NPA binding sites are situated on striatal neurons and cortico-striatal
      afferents and that the effects of lesions on striatal DA receptor densities
      cannot be predicted from bilateral differences in the accumulation of tracer
      doses of [3H]NPA.

PMID- 6434330
TI  - Effect of hyperosmotic xylitol on gastric secretion in the rat: lack of influence
      of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
AB  - The effects of hyperosmotic solutions of xylitol were tested on acid and
      bicarbonate outputs from the rat stomach as well as on acid back-diffusion.
      Hyperosmotic solutions were instilled into anesthetized rats by an esophageal
      cannula and drained through a duodenal catheter. Spontaneously secreting and
      histamine-stimulated rats were used in different experiments. Hyperosmotic
      xylitol solutions at concentrations of 18.4% or higher produced graded
      inhibitions of the histamine-induced acid secretion. A 34.5% xylitol solution
      also inhibited spontaneous acid secretion. The same solution also caused a
      certain degree of acid back-diffusion and increased output of bicarbonate.
      Neither the inhibition acid secretion nor stimulation of bicarbonate output were
      affected by cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin or flufenamic acid. It is
      concluded that hyperosmotic xylitol reduces gastric acidity by three mechanisms
      namely inhibition of acid secretion, increased bicarbonate output and increased
      back-diffusion of acid. None of these mechanisms seem to depend on prostaglandin
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6434331
TI  - Biphasic effects of Ro 15-1788 on spontaneous petit mal-like seizures in rats.
AB  - The effects of various doses of the potent and specific benzodiazepine antagonist
      Ro 15-1788 were investigated in rats with spontaneous non convulsive, petit mal
      like seizures. In preliminary experiments, Ro 15-1788, 2 mg/kg i.p., completely
      but transiently antagonized the antiepileptic action of diazepam, 2 mg/kg i.p. Ro
      15-1788, 2 mg/kg, given alone, exhibited no intrinsic activity. At 10-80 mg/kg,
      it acted as an antiepileptic; this dose-dependent suppressant effect developed
      slowly over 20-40 min after injection and was never total even at 80 mg/kg. At
      the highest dose, Ro 15-1788 also had a transient epileptogenic effect
      immediately following the injection. These results confirm that Ro 15-1788 is not
      a pure benzodiazepine antagonist but also has partial 'agonist' and 'inverse
      agonist' properties.

PMID- 6434332
TI  - The endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of acetylcholine: characterization
      of the endothelial relaxing factor with inhibitors of arachidonic acid
      metabolism.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of strips of rabbit
      thoracic aorta precontracted with noradrenaline if the endothelium was intact.
      More than ten-fold higher concentrations of ACh also stimulated the release of
      prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 from the strips. De-endothelialized strips released
      much smaller amounts of prostaglandins and contracted slightly to ACh. The
      endothelium-dependent vasodilation was resistant to cyclooxygenase inhibition by
      indomethacin, flurbiprofen and diclofenac. However, it could be reversed by six
      different inhibitors of lipoxygenase (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, phenidone,
      eicosatetraynoic acid, nafazatrom, compound BW 755C and caffeic acid). BW 755C
      and caffeic acid, a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, had comparatively weak
      effects on the relaxation. Eicosatetraynoic acid, which probably does not inhibit
      C-5-lipoxygenase, completely reversed the effect of ACh. It is concluded that ACh
      relaxes strips of rabbit aorta by a mechanism in involving a non-cyclooxygenase
      metabolite of arachidonic acid of endothelial origin. This compound is probably
      not a product of C-5-lipoxygenase.

PMID- 6434333
TI  - Evidence that desensitization to the negative estrogen feedback is a prepubertal
      and not a postpubertal event in female rats.
AB  - Female rats were ovariectomized at 31 days of age, on the day of proestrus, or on
      the day of the first vaginal estrus if corpora lutea were seen in the ovaries.
      Immediately after castration, estradiol-17 beta (E2) or oil was administered via
      s.c. silastics capsules, or a 1:240 mixture of estradiol benzoate (EB) and
      cholesterol or cholesterol alone was unilaterally implanted into the hypothalamic
      ventromedial-arcuate region. Forty-eight hours after surgery the rats were
      decapitated and the serum concentrations of LH and FSH estimated. In rats
      implanted s.c. with E2 in anestrus, proestrus or estrus, estrogen treatment
      reduced the circulating LH level to 9.4; 60.4 and 33.6% and that of FSH to 49.5;
      120.3 and 63%, respectively, of the concentration recorded in the corresponding
      controls implanted with oil. Following the intrahypothalamic implantation of EB,
      the serum concentration of LH was lowered to 20.8; 67.4 and 68.1% and that of FSH
      to 48.8; 87.0 and 62.0% as compared to the cholesterol-implanted controls. The
      findings clearly suggest that a major part of the change in sensitivity to the
      negative feedback of estrogen occurs prior to the first preovulatory surge of
      gonadotrophins.

PMID- 6434334
TI  - Depending on the dose 6-OHDA stimulates or inhibits the testis of immature rats.
AB  - The effect of the neurotoxic drug, 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) on the testicular
      growth, the compensatory testicular hypertrophy, the testicular cytology and the
      serum testosterone level was studied in immature rats. Unilateral injection of 33
      micrograms of 6-OHDA beneath the testicular capsule in animals with two testes
      did not alter the weight of the gonads but promoted the development of both
      testes. Unilateral injection of 333 micrograms of 6-OHDA resulted in a decreased
      weight and severe atrophy of the treated gonad, while a significant weight gain
      of the contralateral testis occurred. In hemicastrated rats 33 micrograms of 6
      OHDA into the remaining testis caused an enhanced compensatory testicular
      hypertrophy. When 333 micrograms of 6-OHDA was administered beneath the capsule
      of the remaining testis a diminished compensatory testicular hypertrophy occurred
      but no signs of degeneration could be observed. Data indicate that the testicular
      adrenergic elements play a role in the testicular growth, in the development of
      compensatory testicular hypertrophy and in the cytodifferentiation of the
      immature testis.

PMID- 6434335
TI  - Evidence that inhibition of medial preoptic dopaminergic activity may be involved
      in the prepubertal desensitization to the negative oestrogen feedback in female
      rats.
AB  - Immature female rats were bilaterally lesioned in the medial preoptic area (MPOA)
      or hypothalamic ventromedial-arcuate region (VMAR) at 21 days of age and daily
      injected with the dopamine (DA) agonist bromocriptine (CB-154) through day 26.
      Estimation of the serum LH and FSH concentrations following ovariectomy and two
      injections of 0.05 micrograms oestradiol benzoate (OB)/100 g b.w. revealed that
      the desensitization to the negative feedback effect of OB induced by lesioning of
      the MPOA was almost completely prevented by CB-154. A similar effect of the drug
      was not found in rats lesioned in the VMAR. The DA antagonist alpha-methyldopa
      (alpha-MD) was then bilaterally implanted in the MPOA or VMAR of 28-day-old
      females. Evaluation of the gonadotrophin-inhibiting effect of OB on days 30-31
      showed that medial preoptic, but not hypothalamic implants of alpha-MD reduced
      the sensitivity to the inhibitory action of OB. It is proposed that diminution of
      the dopaminergic activity in the MPOA may play a role in the prepubertal
      desensitization to the negative oestrogen feedback in female rats.

PMID- 6434336
TI  - Cellular proliferation and hypusine synthesis.
AB  - Hypusine (N(-)-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl) lysine), a spermidine-dependent post
      translational protein modification, is synthesized by various mammalian cells in
      culture. Experiments described in this paper demonstrated a relationship between
      rates of cellular growth and the synthesis of hypusine. Cells that divide at fast
      rates have a high rate of hypusine synthesis. In kinetic experiments, a positive
      relationship is evident between the rates of protein, DNA and hypusine synthesis.
      Cells seeded at high density, growing non-exponentially, synthesized less
      hypusine than logarithmically growing cells seeded at low density. Slowing the
      growth rate of cells by modification of the external milieu also results in a
      decreased rate of hypusine synthesis. These results provide additional evidence
      of the association of hypusine with cell proliferation in cultured cell lines and
      suggest a possible role for this unusual post-translational modification in the
      complex macromolecular events leading to cellular growth.

PMID- 6434337
TI  - The biology of strontium: interactions with the mammalian crystalline lens.
AB  - Rabbit lenses incubated in a Ca-free medium gain Na and lose K, but this effect
      is reduced by the presence of strontium. Little Sr enters the lens under in vitro
      conditions and that which is present does not appear to significantly enter the
      lenticular cells. The Sr present, however, appears to be displaced by lanthanum,
      suggesting that Sr is interacting with the cell surface. This outer 'bound' Sr
      does not interfere with exchanges of Ca across the cell membrane but it may
      contribute to the control of lens permeability to Na and K. Uptake of Sr can be
      enhanced by exposure of the lens to a Ca-free medium or the Ca-Mg ionophore
      A23187.

PMID- 6434338
TI  - Calcium-induced high molecular weight proteins in the intact rabbit lens.
AB  - We have investigated the ability of Ca2+ to induce the formation of high
      molecular weight (HMW) proteins in the intact lens. Ca2+ cataracts were produced
      in rabbit lenses by culturing the lenses for either four days in medium
      containing 20 mM Ca2+ or for three days in medium containing 100 mM Ca2+. Lenses
      cultured in 20 and 100 mM Ca2+ medium became opaque after 20 hr and contained 30
      and 200 times higher levels of Ca2+, respectively, than transparent lenses
      cultured in medium containing 1 mM Ca2+. Lenses exposed to 100 mM Mg2+ did not
      lose transparency. The opacification of the lenses extended to a depth of 1 mm
      into the cortical layer and did not involve the nucleus. No significant
      differences were found in the concentrations of either soluble or insoluble
      proteins present in freshly excised lenses and Ca2+ cataracts. Soluble HMW
      proteins, greater than 1.5 X 10(6) daltons, were in two- and five-fold greater
      amounts in the 20 and 100 mM Ca2+ cataracts, respectively, compared to controls.
      HMW protein present in the 100 mM Ca2+ cataract amounted to approximately 3% of
      the total soluble protein in the lens. The amount of Ca2+ present in the HMW
      fraction was 1 Ca2+ per 5 X 10(5) daltons, no higher than that present in the
      unaggregated crystallins. No evidence was found for covalent bonding in the
      aggregate. Results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and double
      immunodiffusion indicated the presence of alpha- and beta- but not gamma
      crystallin in the HMW protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434339
TI  - Does a relationship exist between spontaneous locomotor activity, fitness and
      lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster?
AB  - Spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), fecundity, fertility and lifespan were
      measured in a wild laboratory strain of Drosophila melanogaster in order to
      ascertain whether there is a genetic correlation between these traits. In females
      there is no correlation either between SLA and fecundity or between SLA and
      lifespan. It is concluded that, although a high level of SLA probably constitutes
      a favorable behavioral component of fitness, this does not mean that more active
      females have a larger number of offspring and live longer than less active ones.

PMID- 6434340
TI  - Thalamic kindling: electrical stimulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus
      produces photosensitive grand mal seizures.
AB  - Kindling is traditionally viewed as a chronic, focal epilepsy model which
      consistently induces complex partial seizures from limbic structures in animals.
      This study revealed that primary or exceedingly rapid secondary generalized
      seizures could also be kindled when stimulation was applied to the lateral
      geniculate nucleus, a thalamic region involved in sleep regulation and possibly
      also photosensitive epilepsy. Two experiments were conducted in cats. Experiment
      1 compared the development of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and associated
      sleep disorders following electrical stimulation of the lateral geniculate
      nucleus (N = 4) and the amygdala (N = 4). Experiment 2 described the effects of
      intermittent light stimulation on seizure thresholds in both groups. Three
      primary findings distinguished the epileptogenic process in those two brain
      regions. First, generalized electroencephalographic and clinical seizures
      accompanied the first afterdischarge obtained with thalamic stimulation. In
      contrast, focal seizures with secondary generalization appeared during a 3- to 4
      week period of afterdischarge elicitations from the amygdala. Second, amygdala
      kindled cats showed fewer sleep spindles during slow-wave sleep whereas cats
      kindled in the lateral geniculate nucleus had abnormal sleep spindles approaching
      spike wave-like activity. Third, only the latter cats showed reduced seizure
      thresholds in response to photic stimulation. Based on the anatomic substrates
      involved, the clinical and electrographic profiles observed during kindling and
      the type of sleep disturbance shown, we concluded that lateral geniculate nucleus
      kindling may represent primary generalized epilepsy, possibly of a photosensitive
      nature; alternatively, the rapid propagation of abnormal discharge was also
      consistent with the important role of the thalamus in secondary seizure
      generalization.

PMID- 6434341
TI  - Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on the DC potential difference between
      cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
AB  - The effect of cerebral carbonic anhydrase inhibition on the DC potential
      difference between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood (PD) was studied in
      anesthetized dogs by perfusing the ventriculocisternal system with artificial CSF
      containing the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide. The slope of the PD
      vs. arterial blood pH (delta PD/delta pHa) was calculated from PD and pHa values
      obtained during room-air breathing, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory
      alkalosis. delta PD/delta pHa decreased from -26.3 +/- 1.9 millivolts per pH unit
      (mV/U) before acetazolamide administration to 17.6 +/- 2.1 after acetazolamide (P
      less than 0.02). The PD at pH 7.4 (PD7.4) increased slightly from 2.9 +/- 0.5 mV
      before acetazolamide treatment to 3.9 +/- 0.6 after acetazolamide (P less than
      0.02). The results suggest that carbonic anhydrase could be involved in
      generating the PD between CSF and blood.

PMID- 6434342
TI  - [New heterocyclic derivatives of benzimidazole with germicidal activity. II.
      Mechanism of action of fluoro-5-(nitro-2'-furyl)-2-benzimidazole in B. subtilis
      and C. albicans].
AB  - Study of the microbiological activity of 5-fluoro-(2'-nitrofuryl)-2-benzimidazole
      F-O-NO2 (I) was continued. The substance was tested on cultures of B. subtilis
      and C. albicans. From the microbial strains studied, the mortality rate, the
      minimum inhibitory and bacterial concentrations and the cytotoxicity were
      determined. The action mechanism was studied using tritiated leucin, uracil and
      thymidine. Acute toxicity in the mouse (DL50 = 275 mg/kg) was also determined.
      The germicidal activity of (II), homologous N-ethyl derivative of (I), was also
      studied. On the basis of the results obtained, a possible mechanism of action of
      compound (I) is discussed.

PMID- 6434343
TI  - Hypophysectomy abolishes sexual dimorphism of liver carbonic anhydrase III.
AB  - Hypophysectomy was found to have no effect on the concentration of carbonic
      anhydrase III (CAIII) in male rat liver, whereas in the female, CAIII was
      elevated 10-fold, to male levels.

PMID- 6434344
TI  - An aminopeptidase activity in bovine pituitary secretory vesicles that cleaves
      the N-terminal arginine from beta-lipotropin60-65.
AB  - Secretory vesicles isolated from the neural and intermediate lobes of the bovine
      pituitary contained a membrane-bound aminopeptidase activity which cleaved
      arginine from beta-LPH60-65 (Arg-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) and Arg-MCA. Neither
      methionine enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) nor Substance P, which has an N
      terminal arginine followed by a proline, could serve as substrates for this
      aminopeptidase activity; nor could cathepsin B-like or chymotrypsin-like enzyme
      activities be detected in the vesicle preparations. Maximal enzyme activity was
      at pH 6.0, and the activity was inhibited by EDTA, stimulated by Co2+ and Zn2+,
      but was unaffected by leupeptin, pepstatin A, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and p
      chloromercuribenzenesulfonate, suggesting that the enzyme is a
      metalloaminopeptidase. The presence of this aminopeptidase activity in secretory
      vesicles suggests that it may be involved in peptide prohormone processing.

PMID- 6434345
TI  - A phorbol ester and A23187 act synergistically to release acetylcholine from the
      guinea pig ileum.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of guinea pig ileum preloaded with [3H]choline provokes
      the release of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This release
      was markedly increased by the tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The combination of the ionophore A23187
      and TPA produced the release of [3H]ACh up to a level equal to or exceeding a
      maximal response induced by electrical stimulation. A23187 alone gave only a
      minor response and TPA alone had no apparent effect on the [3H]ACh release. Thus,
      protein kinase C probably plays a role in cell surface signal transduction
      related to the release of transmitters from nerve endings.

PMID- 6434346
TI  - Oocyte adenylyl cyclase contains Ni, yet the guanine nucleotide-dependent
      inhibition by progesterone is not sensitive to pertussis toxin.
AB  - Membranes were obtained from Xenopus laevis oocytes after removal of follicular
      cells by collagenase treatment. [32P]ADP-ribosylation with pertussis toxin showed
      them to contain a single Mr = 40000 substrate for this toxin that co-migrates on
      sodium dodecylsufate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with pure human
      erythrocyte Ni, the inhibitory regulatory component of adenylyl cyclase. [32P]ADP
      ribosylation of oocyte membranes with cholera toxin also showed presence of a
      single substrate but of Mr = 42000. These results indicate, that the adenylyl
      cyclase system of oocytes, like that of somatic cells and unlike that of
      spermatozoids, contains the catalytic unit C and both of the known regulatory N
      components. The possible susceptibility to pertussis toxin of the guanine
      nucleotide-dependent inhibition of oocyte adenylyl cyclase by progesterone was
      investigated. This action of progesterone is mediated by a membrane bound
      receptor as opposed to a receptor of cytosolic or nuclear localization. However,
      the inhibitory effect of progesterone was unaffected by pertussis toxin, even
      though the oocyte membrane Ni was fully ADP-ribosylated with pertussis toxin, as
      revealed by lack of further [32P]ADP-ribosylation on subsequent re-incubation
      with pertussis toxin. These results indicate that the action of progesterone, in
      spite of being nucleotide-dependent, is either not mediated by Ni, suggesting the
      existence of an additional nucleotide regulatory component, or if mediated by Ni,
      involves a mode of regulation of this coupling protein that is different from
      that by which all other inhibitory hormones act on adenylyl cyclase.

PMID- 6434347
TI  - Glycogen synthase in rat adipocytes and skeletal muscle is phosphorylated on both
      serine and threonine.
AB  - Glycogen synthase is phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro on multiple sites
      per subunit. All phosphorylations of the enzyme thus far identified occur on
      serines which are found in two cyanogen bromide fragments, denoted CB-1 and CB-2.
      We have immunoprecipitated [32P]glycogen synthase from rat adipocytes and
      epitrochlearis muscles incubated with [32P]phosphate. Phosphoamino acid analyses
      by two-dimensional electrophoresis after acid hydrolysis revealed no
      [32P]phosphotyrosine, but significant levels of [32P]phosphothreonine (6-14% of
      the [32P](phosphoserine). The [32P]phosphothreonine was recovered in the large
      CNBr-fragment (CB-2), indicative of a hitherto unknown phosphorylation site(s).

PMID- 6434348
TI  - A model for the secondary structure of beta-lactamases.
AB  - A 3-dimensional model, common for the secondary structures of four beta
      lactamases obtained from Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus
      cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, is proposed. The predictions of the structures
      were made by the hydrophobicity profiles method complemented by the modified Chou
      and Fasman's method. The model proposed presents 56% constancy and can be
      described as a 2-domain structure, in agreement with low resolution X-ray data
      reported for the E. coli enzyme. The model would explain how a common function
      can be performed by enzymes of very different sizes, composition and sequence.

PMID- 6434349
TI  - Induction of human gamma interferon by Sarcophaga peregrina humoral lectin.
AB  - Humoral lectin isolated from the hemolymph of injured Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh
      fly) larvae was found to activate human peripheral blood cells to produce
      interferon activity. This interferon was inactivated by dialysis against a
      solution of pH 2.0 and by heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min, indicating
      that it was a gamma interferon. The role of this lectin in the defence mechanism
      is discussed from the viewpoint of comparative immunology.

PMID- 6434350
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of human seminal plasma beta-inhibin. Prediction of
      post Gln-Arg cleavage as a maturation site.
AB  - The complete sequence of a 94 amino acid human seminal plasma polypeptide
      exhibiting inhibin-like activity is presented. This molecule, called beta
      inhibin, selectively and specifically suppresses the release of pituitary FSH in
      vivo as well as in vitro. It does not affect the secretion of LH. Such a novel
      acidic protein contains a very basic C-terminal segment which is easily cleaved
      by mild tryptic digestion. It is predicted that the FSH inhibiting activity may
      reside within this region of the molecule. This would imply a post Gln-Arg
      cleavage to release the basic C-terminal active moiety.

PMID- 6434351
TI  - The combined use of selective deuteration and double resonance experiments in
      assigning the 1H resonances of valine and tyrosine residues of dihydrofolate
      reductase.
AB  - Selective deuteration is a general solution to the resolution problem which
      limits the application of double resonance experiments to the assignment of the
      1H NMR spectra of proteins. Spin-decoupling and NOE experiments have been carried
      out on Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase and on selectively deuterated
      derivatives of the enzyme containing either [gamma-2H6]Val or [alpha, delta 2,
      epsilon 1-2H3]His, [alpha, delta 1, delta 2, epsilon 1, epsilon 2, zeta-2H6]Phe,
      [alpha, delta 1, epsilon 3, zeta 2, zeta 3, eta 2-2H6]Trp and [alpha, epsilon 1,
      epsilon 2-2H3]Tyr. When combined with ring-current shift calculations based on
      the crystal structure of the enzyme, these experiments allow us to assign 1H
      resonances of Val 61, Val 115, Tyr 46 and Tyr 68.

PMID- 6434352
TI  - [Prevention of blood transfusion complications].

PMID- 6434353
TI  - [Role of sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of spontaneous
      hypertension in rats].
AB  - The structural component of resistance and vascular reactivity in posterior half
      of the rat body were studied in intact normotensive animals as well as in rats
      with hereditary hypertension. Chemical desympathization in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rats reduced the arterial pressure, cardiac outflow, structural
      component of the resistance and reactivity to noradrenaline, these parameters
      remaining, however, higher than in normal intact rats. 2-week hypoxic adaptation
      of young spontaneously hypertensive rats hinders increasing of the arterial
      pressure and structural component of resistance. The augmented sympathetic
      activity along with other factors (genetic, humoral) seem to increase the
      structural component of resistance and arterial pressure in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6434355
TI  - Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin on
      left and right gonads of female chick embryos in culture.
AB  - Organotypic cultures were made of right female gonads of chick embryos of 8 days,
      on medium containing follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone or
      prolactin (PRL), and of left ovaries of the same age on the medium containing
      PRL. Results indicate that the explants cultured on PRL resemble most closely the
      normal ovaries in vivo. It is suggested that PRL may have a function in the
      morphogenesis of the female gonads of chick embryos.

PMID- 6434354
TI  - [The measurement of N-protein activity in plasma membranes: the comparison of
      assay methods by reconstitution of cyc- membranes and cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP
      ribosylation].
AB  - The relationship between the assay values of the activities of the stimulatory
      guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (N-protein) of adenylate cyclase
      by two different methods: reconstitution of plasma membranes of cyc- S49 cells
      and ADP ribosylation catalyzed by cholera toxin, have not been fully elucidated
      yet. In the present study, the reconstitution and ADP ribosylation assay methods
      were utilized, and the relationship between the assay values of the N-protein
      activities of the erythrocyte membranes from normal subjects and patients with
      pseudohypoparathyroidism type I (PHP-I) measured by the two methods was
      investigated. When Lubrol extracts of human erythrocyte membranes were
      reconstituted with cyc- membranes, the rate of cyclic AMP synthesis reached a
      constant rate after incubation of 80 minutes at 30 degrees C. This reaction
      depended on the concentrations of cyc- membranes and Lubrol extracts of the
      erythrocyte membranes. N-protein activity in the erythrocyte membranes of normal
      subjects and PHP-I patients assayed by reconstitution of cyc- membranes (mean +/-
      SD, expressed by % of pooled standard preparation) was 100.1 +/- 13.5 (n = 29)
      and 82.3 +/- 28.0 (n = 19) respectively. The cholera toxin-catalyzed transfer of
      [32P]ADP ribose from [32P]NAD to the 42,000-dalton peptide subunit of human
      erythrocyte N-protein reached a plateau after incubation of 10 minutes at 30
      degrees C. This reaction depended on the concentrations of cholera toxin, NAD,
      and the erythrocyte membranes. N-protein activity in the erythrocyte membranes
      from normal subjects and PHP-I patients assayed by cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP
      ribosylation (pmol/mg of protein) was 1.33 +/- 0.20 (n = 7) and 1.15 +/- 0.43 (n
      = 5) respectively. The correlation between assay values of erythrocyte N-protein
      activity in PHP-I patients by reconstitution of cyc- membranes (X, % of pooled
      standard) and cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation (Y, % of pooled standard)
      was recognized as a linear regression: Y = 0.77X + 16.8 (r = 0.981, P less than
      0.001). It is thus concluded that the activity of N-protein in human erythrocyte
      membrane can be assayed by the ADP ribosylation method more simply than by the
      method of reconstitution of cyc- membranes, with highly close correlation between
      the values determined by these two methods.

PMID- 6434356
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of muscle tropomyosin in the contractile elements of
      the coelom-esophagus complex in sea urchin embryos.
AB  - The sea urchin morphogenesis, especially formation of the coelom-esophagus
      complex, was observed correlating the distribution of tropomyosin-specific
      immunofluorescence. Coelomic cells arranged at both sides of the esophagus
      extended their pseudopods toward the esophagus to form the contractile bands,
      which surrounded the esophagus and brought about the contraction of the
      esophagus. The earliest stage at which the tropomyosin-specific
      immunofluorescence was recognized coincided with the appearance of the coelomic
      pseudopods. The tropomyosin-specific immunofluorescence located at the
      contractile bands and the cell bodies from which they derived, when the ectoderm
      disrupted embryos were used to investigate the detailed distribution of
      tropomyosin. The tropomyosin-specific immunofluorescence remained in the same
      regions when the embryos were stained with the antiserum absorbed with egg
      tropomyosin, which detected only muscle tropomyosin. From these observations, the
      coelomic pseudopod-forming cells were conclusively shown to be muscle cells.

PMID- 6434357
TI  - Gap junction distribution in the Drosophila wing disc mutants vg, l(2)gd,
      l(3)c43hs1, and l(2)gl4.
AB  - The density of gap junctions in four Drosophila melanogaster mutants with
      abnormal wing disc development has been determined using quantitative electron
      microscopy and compared with the gap junction density in wild-type wing discs. No
      appreciable differences relative to wild-type controls were found in the cell
      death mutant vestigial or in the mildly hyperplastic mutant lethal giant disc
      which could not be accounted for in terms of altered lateral plasma membrane
      surface density or as an extension of the gap junction growth which normally
      occurs during the third larval stage of development in wild-type wing discs.
      However, both the severely hyperplastic mutant l(3)c43hs1 and the neoplastic
      mutant lethal giant larva have significant reductions in the gap junction surface
      density, the number of gap junctions, and the gap junction areal fraction of the
      lateral plasma membrane compared with wild-type controls. These differences
      cannot be attributed to altered lateral plasma membrane surface densities which
      are not significantly different from wild-type control wing discs. The reduced
      gap junction density in severely hyperplastic and neoplastic wing discs suggests
      that alterations in the number or distribution of gap junctions may be as
      disruptive to normal growth and development as their complete absence.

PMID- 6434358
TI  - Toad egg-jelly as a source of divalent cations essential for fertilization.
AB  - Dejellied uterine eggs of the toad Bufo bufo japonicus are not fertilizable in
      1/20 De Boer's solution (1/20 DB), but are fertilized when inseminated in a uv
      solubilized jelly (UVJ) or the dialyzate of UVJ (UVJD). The present study was
      carried out to define this fertilization-supporting activity of egg-jelly.
      Dejellied eggs were fertilized in a high frequency when inseminated in a medium
      containing the ashes obtained by heating UVJD at 600 degrees C for 16 hr.
      Similarly, a reconstituted salt solution (RSS), which mimics the ionic
      composition of UVJD, supported a high rate of fertilization. To be effective in
      fertilization, however, RSS had to be present at the time of insemination.
      Analyses of individual salts revealed that dejellied eggs are successfully
      fertilized in CaCl2 and/or MgCl2 at 1-5 mM, only slightly in KCl at 10 mM, but
      not at all in NaCl at any of the concentrations tested. The activity of UVJD was
      lost reversibly when divalent cations were chelated by EDTA. The fertilization of
      dejellied eggs is therefore possible in a medium without any organic components
      of egg-jelly, provided that 2-5 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+ is present. Sperm were motile in
      media containing cations below 20-25 mM, regardless of the ionic composition. The
      egg-jelly possessed cations in a concentration of about 130 mM, but most ions
      were lost from intact jelly on immersion of eggs in water for 2-3 min,
      accompanied by the acquisition of fertilizability by sperm. Examination of the
      behavior of salts on dialysis or gel-filtration of jelly molecules revealed that
      the jelly retains Ca2+ and Mg2+, and possibly K+ as well, but not Na+ and Cl-. We
      propose that toad egg-jelly plays a function in fertilization by retaining Ca2+
      and/or Mg2+ around each egg at the level necessary for successful sperm entrance
      into the egg.

PMID- 6434359
TI  - Radial arm maze performance in rats following neonatal dopamine depletion.
AB  - Neonatal dopamine (DA) depletion produces learning impairments both during
      development and throughout adulthood in the rat. The present experiment further
      investigated the memory capabilities of the dopamine-depleted rat by assessing
      performance in the radial arm maze. Results showed that, following neonatal
      injection of 6-hydroxydopamine and desmethylimipramine, lesioned rats per
      performed more accurately than controls. In this paradigm, DA-depleted rats
      tended to enter each arm to obtain a food pellet and not enter unbaited,
      incorrect arms. The difference in performance of control and treated rats could
      not be accounted for by differences in locomotor activity, body weights, or
      motivational factors. A computer analysis of the data revealed that DA-depleted
      animals adopted a strategy of choosing adjacent arms consecutively, which
      probably accounted for their superior performance. Results are discussed in terms
      using algorithms versus extra-maze cues to complete the maze following early
      brain injury.

PMID- 6434360
TI  - Possible role of endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites in stimulated release of
      insulin and glucagon from the isolated, perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Enhancement of arachidonic acid metabolism results in increased insulin
      secretion. To determine which pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism were
      involved in this stimulation, we studied the effects of various inhibitors of
      arachidonate metabolism on arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in the
      isolated, perfused rat pancreas. The release of PGE2 from the pancreas was
      monitored to document the efficacy of the inhibitory drugs. p-Bromophenacyl
      bromide, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, diminished PGE2 release and significantly
      inhibited both the early and late phases of insulin and glucagon release in
      response to arginine. Flurbiprofen, a specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor,
      decreased the early phase of insulin release and inhibited both phases of
      arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion; these decreases were concurrent with a
      large inhibition of PGE2 release. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase
      inhibitor, at a dose of 10(-5) M did not affect PGE2 release, inhibited the early
      phase of insulin release, and did not modify glucagon secretion. The combination
      of flurbiprofen and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, although the most potent in
      inhibiting PGE2, lowered only the early phase of insulin and had no effect on
      glucagon secretion. We conclude that: (1) endogenous cyclooxygenase-derived
      metabolites of arachidonic acid promote insulin and glucagon release, (2)
      endogenous lipoxygenase products preferentially stimulate insulin release, and
      (3) phospholipase A2 activity has an intrinsic modulatory effect on insulin and
      glucagon secretion.

PMID- 6434361
TI  - The onset of liver glycogen synthesis in fasted-refed rats. Effects of
      streptozocin diabetes and of peripheral insulin replacement.
AB  - The mechanism of liver glycogen synthesis after refeeding has been investigated
      in diabetic rats, diabetic insulin-treated rats, and in control rats fasted for
      48 h. The accumulation of liver glycogen was the same in diabetic rats and in
      control rats after 2 h of feeding, but did not proceed any further in the
      diabetic group during the next 2 h. Insulin-treated diabetic rats synthesized
      five times more hepatic glycogen than the control rats after 1 h of refeeding,
      but the amount accumulated at the end of the refeeding period was the same.
      Feeding resulted in a transient activation of glycogen synthase in untreated as
      well as in treated diabetic rats. In control rats, however, glycogen synthase was
      already partially in the active form before access to food, and the onset of
      glycogen synthesis occurred without further activation of the enzyme. A transient
      inactivation of phosphorylase was observed in all groups during the meal, but was
      very slight in the untreated diabetic rats in which phosphorylase a values were
      already reduced before the access to food. Peripheral glycemia was markedly
      increased upon refeeding in treated and untreated diabetic rats, but remained
      normal in control rats. Peripheral insulinemia was increased by feeding in the
      control rats and remained low in the diabetic rats and high in the insulin
      treated diabetic rats. The results indicate that, in normal controls in contrast
      to diabetic rats, synthase activation is not a prerequisite for the initiation of
      glycogen synthesis after a meal; phosphorylase inactivation may be of major
      importance in normal controls, but also appears to play a role in the diabetic
      animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434362
TI  - Syngeneic transplantation of cryopreserved fetal mouse proislets.
AB  - Proislets, derived from fetal mouse pancreata by collagenase digestion and
      subsequent organ culture, can be frozen to -196 degrees C and stored in a viable
      condition before successful syngeneic transplantation. Cryopreserved proislets
      are relatively undifferentiated morphologically, but continue to differentiate
      into mature islets after transplantation.

PMID- 6434363
TI  - Peroneal palsy produced by intravenous fluid infiltration in a newborn.
AB  - A premature infant developed peroneal palsy as a result of infiltration of
      intravenous fluids, a previously unrecognized cause. Electrophysiological
      evidence of peroneal-nerve injury is presented. Caution is advocated in the
      placement of intravenous lines in small infants.

PMID- 6434364
TI  - Recovery of the immune system in diabetic mice after transplantation of isolated
      islets of Langerhans.
AB  - Adult CBA/HZgb mice islets harvested by collagenase digestion were injected
      intraperitoneally in 52 singeneic diabetic recipients (CBA/Hgb leads to CBA/HZgb,
      450-600 islets per mouse). Normal serum glucose levels, 24-h urine volume,
      insulin levels and body weight were completely restored to normal in all
      recipients during the next 2-5 months. Immunological function was assessed in
      control, diabetic and diabetic-transplanted mice by following their responses to
      sheep erythrocytes (expressed as the number plaque-forming cells in the spleen).
      In transplanted mice, the plaque-forming cell responses were as follows: 1 month
      after transplantation--43% of the plaque-forming cell counts in control (normal,
      non-diabetic) mice; 2 months after transplantation--56% of the control value; and
      94% of the control value after 5 months. Ten months after the transplantation,
      the plaque-forming cell counts were slightly above the control value (148%). It
      appears, therefore that transplantated islet tissue positively affects the
      immunological as well as the diabetic state of the recipients.

PMID- 6434365
TI  - [Increase of fibronectin-dependent phagocytosis by immune interferon of the
      mouse].
AB  - In the present study we have investigated the capability of IFN-gamma to increase
      the Mac fibronectin-dependent phagocytosis. We demonstrate that IFN-gamma (50
      U/ml) induces an increase of phagocytosis by elicited (PP-Mac), but not by normal
      Mac (R-Mac) when latex-beads particles are coated with gelatin.

PMID- 6434366
TI  - [Action of various bacterial endotoxins on pleurisy and pulmonary edema induced
      by thiourea].
AB  - Administration of E. coli LPS prior to 3.5 mg/Kg dose of thiourea has been
      reported to protect rats against pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. However,
      LPS of Shigella sonnei (either in phase I or II) did not show any protective
      effect. These data might suggest a different mechanism of endotoxins on
      membranes.

PMID- 6434368
TI  - Fulminant viral hepatitis: role of non-A, non-B viruses.

PMID- 6434367
TI  - Enzyme replacement therapy for primary adult lactase deficiency. Effective
      reduction of lactose malabsorption and milk intolerance by direct addition of
      beta-galactosidase to milk at mealtime.
AB  - The addition of microbial beta-galactosidases directly to milk at mealtime
      represents a potential "enzyme replacement therapy" for primary lactase
      deficiency. We used the hydrogen breath test as the index of incomplete
      carbohydrate absorption to assess the efficacy of two enzymes--one from yeast,
      Kluyveromyces lactis (LactAid), and the other from the fungus Aspergillus niger
      (Lactase N)--to assist in the hydrolysis of 18 g of lactose in 360 ml (12 oz) of
      whole milk when consumed by an adult lactose malabsorber. Graded amounts of
      Lactase N produced, at best, a 53% relative reduction in breath hydrogen
      excretion, whereas quantitative elimination of excess hydrogen excretion was
      produced by 1 and 1.5 g of LactAid. A double-blind, controlled, crossover trial
      was subsequently performed in 50 healthy, unselected Mexican adults, to whom 360
      ml of cow's milk was presented in the three forms in a randomized order: intact
      milk, prehydrolyzed milk, and milk to which 1 g of LactAid was added immediately
      before consumption. Among the 25 subjects with incomplete carbohydrate absorption
      with intact milk, adding enzyme 5-min before consumption produced a 62% reduction
      in breath hydrogen excretion, and symptoms of intolerance were significantly
      reduced. The feasibility of effective enzyme replacement therapy with a beta
      galactosidase from K. lactis is demonstrated.

PMID- 6434369
TI  - [Cytologic and histologic studies of hormone dependence of the skin of the
      external female genitalia].
AB  - The value of vaginal cytology for functional hormonal diagnosis is generally
      recognized. Largely unknown was that the cornified cells obtained from the skin
      of the vulva likewise show morphologically demonstrable signs of hormonal
      effects. The cytological analysis of 429 cytological smears of the vulva obtained
      from 174 women during 88 cycles and the histological analysis of excisions of the
      vulva obtained at 65 female autopsies showed that the parakeratotic type of
      cornification is significantly more frequent in the premenopause than in the
      postmenopause. During the menstrual cycle a parakeratosis index can be identified
      which is parallel to the well known eosinophilic and karyopyknotic indices of
      cytological smears from the vagina and corresponds as well to the cyclic levels
      of estradiol in the serum. Exogenous administration of estrogen during the
      menopause results in a drastic increase of the parakeratotic index which is
      normally low following the menopause. These observations show that not only the
      uncornified squamous epithelium of the vagina but also the cornified squamous
      epithelium of the vulva reacts to endogenous and exogenous hormonal stimulation
      although in a different pattern.

PMID- 6434370
TI  - Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the chick embryo. VI.
      Midgestational adenohypophyseal sensitivity to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
AB  - The functional abilities of 9.5-, 10.5-, 11.5-, and 12.5-day-old chick embryos to
      respond to exogenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated by means
      of changes in plasma total thyroxine (T4). T4 concentrations were determined 3.0,
      6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hr after TRH treatment. The data of the present investigation
      show that chick embryo adenohypophyseal sensitivity to exogenous TRH, as
      evidenced by changes in plasma T4 levels, increase during the 10.5- to 12.5-day
      incubation interval; however, the pattern and magnitude of plasma T4 response to
      administered TRH change markedly between Days 10.5 and 11.5 of development. This
      modification of the adenohypophyseal response pattern corresponds in embryonic
      time with the previously reported increases in immunocytochemically demonstrable
      TSH cells within the adenohypophysis(R. C. Thommes, J. B. Martens, W. E. Hopkins,
      D. A. Griesbach, D. J. Williams, M. J. Sorrentino, P. Wernke, and J. E. Woods,
      1981, In 'Ninth International Symposium of Comparative Endocrinology"; R. C.
      Thommes, J. B. Martens, W. E. Hopkins, M. J. Sorrentino, J. C. Caliendo, and J.
      E. Woods, 1983, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 51, 434-443).

PMID- 6434371
TI  - Seasonal reproduction in the mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus. IV. Organ weight
      and hormone changes in the female.
AB  - The mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus, shows a well-defined breeding season in
      Hawaii. In this study, females were live-trapped throughout the year and
      sacrificed within 48 hr to obtain information about reproductive organ weights
      and gonadotropin levels. Pregnant females were found from February through
      September and lactating females from March through October. Body weight did not
      change significantly throughout the year, but anterior pituitary, adrenal,
      ovarian, and uterine weights were significantly reduced during the nonbreeding
      season. LH and FSH levels were extremely variable among individuals and, although
      mean values were higher during the breeding than during the non-breeding season,
      no significant differences could be demonstrated. After castration, there was not
      a clearcut rise in either LH or FSH, regardless of the season of the year, when
      animals were followed for up to l5 days. This contrasts with the male mongoose,
      where FSH rose significantly by 4 days after castration in either the breeding or
      nonbreeding season, while LH rose more slowly in the nonbreeding season but by l0
      days after castration was significantly elevated and comparable to values in
      males castrated in the breeding season. We conclude that the female mongoose
      population shows less synchrony in changes in gonadotropin levels than the males,
      in spite of the well-defined breeding season.

PMID- 6434372
TI  - Prolactin and acid stress in the teleost Oreochromis (formerly Sarotherodon)
      mossambicus.
AB  - Prolactin is probably implicated in the control of physiological adaptation to
      sublethal acid stress in tilapia. Exposure of fish to water at pH 3 caused death
      within 72 hr, which was associated with pronounced hemodilution. At pH 4
      mortality was low, although a substantial and rapid decrease in plasma
      osmolality, plasma Na+, and plasma total Ca was observed. These effects were at
      least partly due to increased permeability of the gills for water and ions. After
      a few days at pH 4, restoration of plasma osmolality, Na+, and total Ca was
      noticeable. Control levels were reached after 5 days for Ca, and after 10 days
      for osmolality, Na+, and branchial osmotic water permeability. Prolactin
      secretion increased markedly during acid exposure, as was established by
      morphometrical and biochemical methods. In tilapia, administration of prolactin
      is known to raise plasma osmolality, Na+, and plasma total Ca. This hormone
      further has been shown to reduce branchial osmotic water permeability. It is
      concluded therefore that the restoration of plasma electrolytes and branchial
      osmotic water permeability during chronic acid stress are causally connected with
      the observed stimulation of prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6434373
TI  - Salt and base sequence specific changes in the chiroptical properties of DNA.
AB  - Chiroptical properties of natural DNA molecules differing in base composition
      were studied in solutions with high concentrations of monovalent sodium and
      caesium salts. It was found that the properties were dependent on the DNA base
      sequence and nature of both cations and anions. A comparison with the behaviour
      of the synthetic molecules of DNA demonstrated that the salt-induced changes in
      the natural molecules of DNA could not be accounted for by the appearance of the
      left-handed Z conformation. On the other hand, the tendency of the alternating A-
      T sequence to assume the novel X--DNA conformation seems to play a role even in
      the conformational properties of natural DNA.

PMID- 6434374
TI  - Analysis of genetic mosaics of the nematode Caneorhabditis elegans.
AB  - A new method for producing genetic mosaics, which involves the spontaneous
      somatic loss of free chromosome fragments, is demonstrated. Four genes that
      affect the behavior of C. elegans were studied in mosaic animals. The analysis is
      known. Two of the mutant genes affect certain sensory responses and prevent
      uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by certain sensory neurons. Mosaic
      analysis indicated that one of these mutant genes is cell autonomous with respect
      to its effect on FITC uptake and the other is cell nonautonomous. In the latter
      case, the genotype of a non-neuronal supporting cell that surrounds the processes
      of the neurons that normally take up FITC probably is critical. The other two
      mutant genes affect animal movement. Mosaic analysis indicated that the
      expression of one of these genes is specific to certain neurons (motor neurons of
      the ventral and dorsal nerve cords are prime candidates and the expression of the
      other gene is specific to muscle cells.

PMID- 6434375
TI  - A case in which treatment proved the diagnosis.

PMID- 6434376
TI  - Vitreous morphology after carbon dioxide laser irradiation.
AB  - The immediate vitreous changes produced by a continuous-wave carbon-dioxide laser
      beam in freshly enucleated bovine and pig eyes were studied by gross examination
      with a dissecting microscope, and histopathologically by light microscopy and
      transmission electron microscopy. The lesions produced by the laser beam on the
      vitreous in an air tissue interface technique were remarkable for their ring
      shaped vitreous condensations. The diameter and density of these condensations
      increased with irradiance. With the same irradiation parameters the lesions at
      the anterior hyaloid membranes showed greater size and density than those in the
      central area of the vitreous. These vitreous condensations were demonstrated to
      consist of heat-denatured collagen fibrils. For light microscopic evaluation of
      the vitreous a modified method of tissue processing according to Szent Gyorgi has
      proven optimal in reducing vitreous shrinkage from dehydration. This method of
      fixation and tissue processing appeared to be useful in evaluating lesions of the
      vitreous and their relationship to their surroundings.

PMID- 6434377
TI  - Supply and need of factor VIII concentrates.
AB  - Demand for factor VIII varies greatly and exceeds supply in many places. Logical
      analysis of this difficult situation has been undertaken by observing actual
      usage, calculating potential need, and analysing factors which limit or influence
      production and distribution. Usage exceeds production potential in some places.
      It is concluded that factor VIII production/usage in the range of 20 000-60 000
      IU per hemophilia A patient per year is both feasible and adequate.
      Production/use below 10 000 IU is not adequate. Production above 60 000 IU is not
      practicable using current technology.

PMID- 6434378
TI  - Blood transmitted illnesses.

PMID- 6434379
TI  - Amblyospora indicola sp. n., a microsporidian pathogen of the mosquito culex
      sitiens.
AB  - A new microsporidian species Amblyospora indicola sp. n., parasite of fat body
      cells of Culex sitiens larvae, is described. Separation of diplokaryon nuclei
      occurs during the early sporulation phase of this microsporidian followed by the
      appearance of synaptonemal complexes in the nuclei suggesting that the first
      sporogonial division is meiotic.

PMID- 6434380
TI  - Repression of the synthesis of exocellular and intracellular proteinases in
      Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - The synthesis of exocellular proteinase decreases with increasing concentration
      of amino acids in the growth medium. After removal of amino acids the enzyme
      synthesis is gradually restored to normal values. The presence of inhibitors of
      transcription (actinomycin D) or translation (chloramphenicol) blocks the
      restoration of enzyme synthesis. No active or inactive precursors of the
      exocellular enzyme could be detected in the cell. It is likely that the enzyme
      synthesis is regulated by amino acids at the level of specific mRNA synthesis
      rather than at the translation level or at the level of secretion. The activity
      of the enzyme that has already been secreted to the external medium is partially
      inhibited by amino acids. The periplasmic proteinase is repressed by amino acids
      to the same extent as the exocellular enzyme. The content of the enzyme(s) inside
      the protoplast is also decreased during growth in the presence of amino acids.

PMID- 6434381
TI  - beta-D-galactosidase of Lactobacillus species.
AB  - The activity of beta-D-galactosidase was studied in 13 strains of lactobacilli
      (groups Streptobacterium, Thermobacterium and Betabacterium). Using 2-nitrophenyl
      galactopyranoside as substrate, the enzyme activity varied with the strain. The
      values found in the Thermobacterium group were superior to those in the
      Streptobacterium group. The optimum pH for the species belonging to the
      Thermobacterium group was uniform, in contrast to the pH for those from the
      Streptobacterium which varied according to the species. The optimum temperature
      was quite uniform within each group and higher in the Streptobacterium. Lactose
      acted as a competitive inhibitor. MgCl2 protected the enzyme from thermal
      denaturation. The calcium ions inhibited the activity in all cases. The behaviour
      of the protectors of the SH groups varied according to the strain. 6-Phospho-beta
      D-galactosidase activity was also determined, levels lower than beta-D
      galactosidase were found, except in Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and 14917.

PMID- 6434382
TI  - Standardization of parameters for the mycobacillin synthetase activity.
AB  - An effective method of preparation involving sonication was developed for cell
      free mycobacillin synthetase from Bacillus subtilis. The enzyme showed optimum
      activity at a buffer concentration of 50 mM (Tris-HCl) and pH 7.5. ATP and Mg2+
      which were essential for synthesis showed an optimum requirement at a ratio of
      1:1. The synthetase was markedly inhibited by ADP whereas AMP was without any
      effect. ATP or ATP-generating system could not be replaced by GTP, UTP or CTP.
      Co2+ and Mn2+ could to some extent substitute Mg2+. Mercapto reagents inhibited
      the antibiotic synthesis. Exogenous addition of pantothenic acid had no effect.

PMID- 6434383
TI  - [Lens opacities in pars plana vitrectomy: experimental studies on the effect of
      the infusion solution].

PMID- 6434384
TI  - [Ophthalmologic and computer tomographic findings in Recklinghausen disease].

PMID- 6434385
TI  - [New methods in the therapy of chronic heart failure. Is the positive inotropic
      action of L-dopa currently useful?].

PMID- 6434386
TI  - [Coma and praecoma diabeticum. Physiopathology, clinical aspects and therapy].
AB  - The diabetic coma is characterized by fundamental metabolic changes. Apart from
      the hyperglycaemia, exsiccosis and the disturbed electrolyte metabolism are
      considerable factors contributing to the coma. The treatment of diabetic coma
      puts great demands on the doctors, since the prognosis can only be improved by
      systematic and correct intervention. A fast filling up of the volume and a
      specific electrolyte (potassium) substitution are very important. In cases of
      ketoacidotic diabetic coma the acidosis must be carefully balanced, whereby the
      "rest-acidosis" up to pH 7.1 can be tolerated. The administration of insulin can
      only begin, when the volume and electrolyte substitution is guaranteed, otherwise
      dangerous insulin-induced hypokalaemia is unavoidable. By no means may the first
      treatment for the insulinisation be carried out ambulatory.

PMID- 6434387
TI  - [Comparison of the anti-ischemia effect of nisoldipine and verapamil. Double
      blind randomized cross-over and placebo-controlled acute and long-term study].
AB  - Nisoldipine (Bay K5552), a newly-developed dehydropyridine derivative with
      calcium antagonistic properties, was found to have a duration of action twice as
      long as its parent compound, nifedipine, in laboratory experiments. To evaluate
      the anti-ischemic potency and duration of action, the effects of 10 mg
      nisoldipine after acute administration and at the end of three weeks of treatment
      with 10 mg twice daily were compared with those of 120 mg verapamil three times
      daily in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study. In
      twelve patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease and
      stable exertional angina pectoris, bicycle ergometry was performed before and at
      three and seven hours after medication on the first and 21st days of the three
      respective treatment phases. The control value at 8 a.m. on the 21st day
      corresponded with the ten-hour value on the 20th day of treatment. Between the
      three treatment phases, there was a one-week wash-out period during which the
      patients received placebo three times daily. At the time of the ergometric
      studies, blood was drawn for determination of verapamil plasma concentrations
      and, additionally, each patient recorded anginal attacks and nitrate consumption.
      Analysis was carried out for ST-segment depression in each patient at the highest
      comparable workload achieved in all treatment phases, the time to onset of 1 mm
      ST-segment depression as well as the response of the heart rate, systolic
      arterial blood pressure and the heart rate-blood pressure double-product both at
      rest and during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434388
TI  - Changes of collagen types at various stages of human liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Macromolecular collagen components in normal liver and at the different stages of
      human liver cirrhosis were studied under various extraction conditions. The
      collagen content at the typical stage of liver cirrhosis was more than five-fold
      higher than that of the normal state. Pepsin-solubilized collagens extracted
      successively accounted for 90% of the total collagen and were subjected to
      determination of the collagen types by salt differentiated fractionation and SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both type I and III collagens, especially the
      former, increased, reflecting enhanced total collagen with the progression of
      liver cirrhosis. The ratio of type I to type III was 1.02 - 1.22 in normal liver
      and at the early stage of liver cirrhosis, but increased to 1.58 and 1.60 at the
      typical and advanced stages of liver cirrhosis, respectively. At the early stage,
      the remarkable increase in type V collagen started much earlier than at the
      typical stage when the ratio of type I to type III changed. The enhancement of
      type V collagen may result from a cell proliferative phenomenon at the earlier
      stage of liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6434389
TI  - [Analysis of the possible mechanism for decrease of intracranial pressure
      following arousal stimulation].
AB  - Although decrease of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow
      occurring following arousal from sleeping is well known phenomenon, its exact
      mechanism is poorly understood at the present time. The purpose of this study is
      to clarify its most possible mechanism, by analyzing clinical data mainly in
      comparison to the results obtained during hyperventilation. A small
      microtransducer, for ICP monitoring was placed over the dura at the time of
      closing of cranium and ICP was continuously recorded by ink-writing oscillograph.
      Systemic blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rates were continuously monitored
      and arterial PCO2 and pH before and after arousal stimulation were also
      determined. Above results are summarized as follows. There was no significant
      difference in time constant at decline of ICP between following arousal
      stimulation and hyperventilation, indicating that a response organ is the same
      between two groups and cerebrovascular wall is most likely as the response organ.
      However, since there was significant difference in time lag until initiation of
      decrease of ICP, the triggering mechanism for causing change of cerebrovascular
      tone must be different. In addition, there was no significant difference in
      arterial PCO2 and pH between at sleep and awake. On the basis of these results,
      the author concludes that rapid drop in ICP observed following arousal
      stimulation is due to neurogenic cerebral vasoconstriction.

PMID- 6434390
TI  - Prolonged maintenance of active cytochrome P-450 in adult rat hepatocytes co
      cultured with another liver cell type.
AB  - The cytochrome P-450 content promptly fell in adult rat hepatocytes cultured in
      conventional conditions whereas no obvious change was detected over a 10-day
      period when these cells were co-cultured with another rat liver epithelial cell
      type. A concomitant maintenance of the amino-pyrine N-demethylase activity and a
      high aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity was observed, and addition of
      phenobarbital to the culture medium produced about a 2-fold increase in
      cytochrome P-450 level. These results indicate that when placed in co-culture,
      adult hepatocytes remain differentiated for several days and suggest that such a
      co-culture system is an appropriate model for pharmacotoxicological studies.

PMID- 6434391
TI  - Reduction of hepatic tetrahydrofolate and inhibition of exhalation of 14CO2
      formed from [dimethylamino-14C]aminopyrine in nitrous oxide-treated rats.
AB  - The exhalation of 14CO2 after the administration of [dimethylamino
      14C]aminopyrine to an organism is assumed to reflect the demethylation of
      aminopyrine by hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. The formaldehyde formed
      as a result of the demethylation of aminopyrine is then sequentially oxidized to
      formic acid and CO2. The last step in the pathway, i.e., formate oxidation, is
      dependent upon tetrahydrofolate; thus, factors which alter hepatic
      tetrahydrofolate potentially may modify 14C-aminopyrine metabolism to 14CO2 in
      vivo. Exposure of rats to nitrous oxide (N2O) produces a significant reduction in
      hepatic tetrahydrofolate as a result of the inhibition of 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase activity (E.C. 2.1.1.13).
      In the present study, exposure of rats to N2O/O2 (1:1) for 4 hr prior to the
      administration of 14C-aminopyrine (40 or 400 mumoles per kg) produced a 60%
      reduction in the peak rate of 14CO2 exhalation and a 45% decrease in the total
      14CO2 exhaled within 2 hr. In control experiments, exposure of rats to
      nitrogen/O2 (1:1) produced no effect on 14C-aminopyrine metabolism to 14CO2.
      Administration of methionine (1.3 mmoles per kg) 30 min prior to 14C-aminopyrine
      administration reversed the inhibition of 14CO2 exhalation and reduction in
      hepatic tetrahydrofolate observed in N2O-exposed animals. Aminopyrine (400
      mumoles per kg) administration to air-breathing rats did not affect the level of
      urinary formate, but exposure to N2O produced a 40-fold increase. Aminopyrine
      administration to N2O-exposed rats produced a 75% increase in urinary formate as
      compared to rats treated with N2O alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434392
TI  - UDP-glucuronyltransferase-catalyzed deconjugation of bilirubin monoglucuronide.
AB  - Bilirubin monoglucuronide is rapidly deconjugated when incubated with UDP and rat
      liver microsomal preparations at pH 5.1. The following evidence was found that
      this reaction is catalyzed by UDP-glucuronyltransferase: (i) unconjugated
      bilirubin and UDP-glucuronic acid were identified as the reaction products; (ii)
      Gunn rat microsomal preparations lack bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      deficiency and do not catalyze the deconjugation reaction, and (iii) neither
      saccharo-1,4-lactone, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, nor butylated
      hydroxytoluene, an inhibitor of spontaneous isomerisation, affect the rate of the
      deconjugation reaction. Deconjugation appears to be the reverse of UDP
      glucuronyltransferase-catalyzed glucuronidation. The conditions for the reverse
      reaction differ in the following aspects from those of the forward reaction: (i)
      nucleotide triphosphates stimulate the reverse reaction probably allosterically;
      (ii) UDP-N-acetylglucosamine stimulates the forward reaction but has no effect on
      the reverse reaction; (iii) the optimal pH for the reverse reaction is pH 5.1 and
      for the forward reaction is pH 7.8, and (iv) Mg++ ion is not required for the
      reverse reaction but stimulates the forward reaction. Detergents stimulate both
      reactions. Stimulation of the reverse reaction by nucleotide triphosphates and
      detergents is mutually independent and additive which suggests different
      mechanisms of action. Deconjugation reactions may become important during
      parenchymatous liver disease when, as a result of anaerobic glycolysis,
      intracellular pH decreases. Elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the
      serum of patients with parenchymatous liver disease may be a sign of sick liver
      cells rather than decreased UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity.

PMID- 6434393
TI  - Pharmacogenetic perspectives: genes, drugs and disease.

PMID- 6434394
TI  - The etiology of pigment gallstones.
AB  - Pigment gallstones are of two major types, black and earthy brown, each
      consisting of calcium salts of bilirubin and other anions, along with an
      unmeasured residue that is largely mucin glycoproteins. Studies in model systems
      indicate that the small proportion of unconjugated bilirubin in bile is
      solubilized by bile salts and that the ionized bilirubin is more soluble than the
      protonated diacid. Solubility is decreased by added lecithin but is unaffected by
      cholesterol. At the pH of bile, unconjugated bilirubin exists mainly as a
      monoanion with sufficient solubility in mixed micelles not to precipitate, were
      it not for the presence of calcium, which forms highly insoluble salts with
      unconjugated bilirubin anions. Supersaturation of bile with calcium bilirubinates
      is inhibited by bile salts, which bind calcium, reducing the activity of free
      calcium ions. When supersaturation occurs, usually due to increased
      concentrations of bilirubinate anion, nucleation may be initiated by binding of
      calcium bilirubinate to mucin glycoproteins in bile. In earthy brown stones,
      which form mainly in the bile ducts, the pigment is mostly calcium bilirubinate,
      combined with calcium palmitate. These components form due to hydrolysis, by
      enzymes in infecting bacteria, of conjugated bilirubin and lecithin,
      respectively. In black stones, which form mainly in the gallbladder, the pigment
      is mostly a highly cross-linked network polymer of bilirubin, which is insoluble
      in all solvents. Concomitant polymerization and oxidation of calcium bilirubinate
      probably occur in the solid state, after precipitation of the pigment due to
      hydrolysis of conjugated bilirubin by endogenous beta-glucuronidase from the
      biliary tract and/or liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434395
TI  - Enhanced Ii expression after n-butyrate treatment of a P3HR-1 Burkitt's lymphoma
      subline which does not express HLA-D.
AB  - Treatment of P3HR-1 Burkitt's lymphoma cultured cells with 4 mM n-butyrate for 48
      h induced the abundant expression of a 35 000 dalton, microsomal membrane protein
      which was demonstrated to be the electrophoretically invariant Ii molecule. To
      prove this point, [35S]methionine-labelled, microsomal membrane proteins or
      immunoprecipitates of such detergent-solubilized proteins were subjected to
      electrophoresis either in SDS gels or in two-dimensional, nonequilibrium pH
      gradient gels. The induced p35 molecule was judged to be Ii by molecular weight
      and isoelectric characteristics and by immune complex associations. The abundant
      expression of Ii on butyrate-treated P3HR-1 cells mimicked the high level of
      expression of p35 or Ii on leukemic cells of a subset of patients with hairy cell
      leukemia. Alpha and beta chains of the HLA-D complex were absent from the P3HR-1
      cell line and present in the Jijoye parent from which mutant P3HR-1 was derived.
      This relatively simple model can lead to the study of inducible synthesis,
      processing and expression of Ii, with or without HLA-D alpha and beta chains.

PMID- 6434396
TI  - The light-harvesting polypeptides of Rhodospirillum rubrum. I. The amino-acid
      sequence of the second light-harvestng polypeptide B 880-beta (B 870-beta) of
      Rhodospirillum rubrum S 1 and the carotenoidless mutant G-9+. carotenoidless
      mutant G-9+.
AB  - The light-harvesting complex B 880 from Rhodospirillum rubrum S 1 (wild type) and
      B 870 from the carotenoidless mutant G-9+ was shown to consist mainly of an
      organic solvent-(chloroform/methanol-) soluble and an organic solvent-insoluble
      polypeptide. The isolation and separation of these two low-molecular-mass
      polypeptides (Mr 6101 and Mr 6079) were achieved by a two-step extraction
      procedure of chromatophores using in the first step chloroform/methanol
      containing 0.1M ammonium acetate. Following Sephadex LH-60 chromatography of this
      first extract a light-harvesting polypeptide (B 870-alpha) was isolated and its
      complete amino acid sequence was determined (R. Brunisholz et al. (1981) FEBS
      Lett. 129/1, 150-154, B 880-alpha: G. Gogel et al. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      746, 32-39). Upon reextraction of the chromatophore pellet with
      chloroform/methanol/ammonium acetate containing in addition acetic acid a second
      low-molecular-mass polypeptide (B 880-beta of B 870-beta) was generated. The
      complete amino acid sequences of the chloroform/methanol-insoluble light
      harvesting polypeptide of Rs. rubrum S 1 (B 880-beta) and of Rs. rubrum G-9+ (B
      870-beta) were determined. They are identical and consist of 54 amino acid
      residues. The conserved histidine residue within the hydrophobic stretch raises
      more evidence for ligand complexation of bacteriochlorophyll to this specific
      histidine residue which therefore possibly plays the key role in pigment-protein
      interactions. Both polypeptides (B 880-alpha and B 880-beta) are part of the
      light-harvesting complex B 880 in an apparent ratio of 1:1. Based on the primary
      structure data a possible arrangement of both light-harvesting polypeptides
      within the membrane will be discussed.

PMID- 6434397
TI  - The light-harvesting polypeptides of Rhodospirillum rubrum. II. Localisation of
      the amino-terminal regions of the light-harvesting polypeptides B 870-alpha and B
      870-beta and the reaction-centre subunit L at the cytoplasmic side of the
      photosynthetic membrane of Rhodospirillum rubrum G-9+.
AB  - The unspecific proteinase K and the specific proteases alpha-chymotrypsin,
      trypsin and S. aureus V 8 protease were used in order to determine the
      orientation of the polypeptides B 870-alpha and B 870-beta from the major antenna
      complex B 870 of Rs. rubrum G-9+ within the chromatophore membrane (inside-out
      vesicle). Although B 870-alpha exhibits cleavable peptide bonds, treatment with
      specific proteases yielded splitting only in B 870-beta within the N-terminal
      region. In the case of proteinase K, which was most effective, mainly 6 (B 870
      alpha) and 16 (B 870-beta) amino acid residues were removed from their N-terminal
      parts as proved by means of Edman degradation of cleavage products. The major
      peptide bonds cleaved were identified as Gln6-Leu7 in B 870-alpha and as Lys16
      Glu17 in B 870-beta. The central hydrophobic stretch regions and the relatively
      hydrophilic C-terminal parts of both light-harvesting polypeptides were not
      affected by proteinase K. On the basis of these degradation experiments a
      transmembrane orientation of B 870-alpha and B 870-beta is postulated, with their
      N-terminal towards the cytoplasm and their C-termini towards periplasm with
      regard to the photosynthetic membrane. This hypothesis is supported by the
      transmembrane model proposed by Brunisholz et al. (Hoppe-Seyler's Z., Physiol.
      Chem., (1984) 365, 675-688) in which the hydrophobic stretch of B 870-alpha and
      of B 870-beta forming an alpha-helix would span the membrane once. Organic
      solvent extraction of chromatophores treated with proteinase K yielded a fairly
      pure polypeptide fragment with an apparent molecular mass of 14000 Da. Its N
      terminal amino-acid sequence is identical with the sequence within the N-terminal
      region of the reaction centre subunit L of Rs. rubrum G-9+. Thus it is most
      likely that as in the case of B 870-beta, proteinase K removed 16 amino acid
      residues from the N-terminal part of subunit L. This subunit therefore also seems
      to be exposed at the surface of the cytoplasmic side of the chromatophore
      membrane.

PMID- 6434398
TI  - NIMH report. Conference recommends pharmacologic prevention of recurring mood
      disorders.

PMID- 6434399
TI  - 'An honest broker' for fine-tuning Medicare.

PMID- 6434400
TI  - Detailed costing system nets efficiency, savings.

PMID- 6434401
TI  - Insurers slow to use DRGs but interested.

PMID- 6434402
TI  - Is 'radiology on demand' dead?

PMID- 6434403
TI  - Ionophore-induced functional changes in macrophages.
AB  - Ca ionophore A 23187 and valinomycin known to induce Ca2+ influx, i.e. K+ efflux,
      appeared to induce activation-related changes in rat peritoneal macrophages (PM)
      at 10(-5)-10(-7) M concentrations as revealed by aggregation, nitro blue
      tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, superoxide anion production as well as beta
      glucuronidase release; however, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured
      in supernatants only after treatment with 10(-5) M of A 23187. The PM-activating
      effect of A 23187 was abolished in the presence of 5 mM EGTA, whereas the
      activating effect of K ionophore did not depend on the extracellular Ca2+. Fc
      receptor (FcR) mediated incorporation, intracellular killing as well as the
      antibody dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) were markedly inhibited upon incubation
      with Ca ionophore or valinomycin. C3bR mediated phagocytosis was found to be more
      resistant to the cation transport affecting drugs. The impairment of effector
      functions was elicited by nontoxic concentrations of ionophores, however, their
      inhibiting effects did not require extracellular Ca2+ at the time of ionophore
      exposition.

PMID- 6434404
TI  - Release of arachidonic acid: a new function of the late complement components.
AB  - Incubation of Ehrlich-ascites cells with sublytic complement doses results in
      degradation of membrane phospholipids and release of arachidonic acid.
      Phospholipase A2 blockers inhibit arachidonic acid release indicating a
      phospholipase dependent cleavage of the phospholipids. Phospholipase A2 is
      apparently activated during complement-membrane interaction, representing a new
      reactivity of the late complement components.

PMID- 6434405
TI  - Mitogen-induced gamma interferon production in peripheral blood lymphocytes from
      patients with colorectal tumors.
AB  - Mitogen-induced interferon production in peripheral blood lymphocytes from
      patients with colorectal tumors was not significantly different from that
      observed in patients with Crohn's disease and sex- and age-matched controls. In
      the group of patients with colorectal carcinomas, no correlation was obtained
      with regard to the interferon titer, the in vivo lymphocyte proliferation and the
      clinical stage of the disease or tumor staging and grading respectively. Most
      importantly, the data show that despite an obvious defect in T-lymphocyte
      proliferation, measurement of lymphokine production in mitogen-stimulated cell
      cultures was not impaired.

PMID- 6434406
TI  - Clinical significance of immunologic and immunogenetic evaluation in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - One hundred thirty-two patients were separated into clinically defined groups of
      definite, probable and possible multiple sclerosis (MS), the spinal cord variant
      of MS (SCV), and non MS neurologic disease. HLA antigens A3 and B7 occurred at
      increased frequencies in definite and probably MS patients when compared with
      neurologic controls and healthy adults. CSF elevations of either kappa/lambda
      ratio, IgG/total protein ratio, or IgG were seen in 65% of the definite, probable
      and SCV groups. Patients with HLA A3 and B7 antigens had a higher than predicted
      incidence of elevated kappa/lambda ratio, suggesting that there may be
      immunogenetic control mechanisms which influence this CSF parameter. Neither HLA
      antigens nor CSF protein abnormalities correlated with the age of onset,
      progression, or degree of disability of disease, thus limiting their prognostic
      usefulness.

PMID- 6434407
TI  - Some immunochemical properties of pig kidney DOPA decarboxylase.
AB  - Antibodies raised in rabbits against pig kidney DOPA decarboxylase show
      immunological cross-reactivity towards extracts from monkey, beef, rat and rabbit
      kidney. The influence of the immuno-reaction on the enzymatic activity has been
      investigated.

PMID- 6434408
TI  - Specific induction of the 93D puff in polytene nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster
      by colchicine.

PMID- 6434409
TI  - Effect of post-coital administration of inhibin enriched peptide on early
      pregnancy in the golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus.

PMID- 6434410
TI  - Experimental induction of mesothelioma using 9:10-dimethyl, 1:2-benzanthracene
      (DMBA) in chicken.

PMID- 6434411
TI  - Domicilliary management of severe PEM.

PMID- 6434412
TI  - [Protein-sparing mechanisms of parenteral feeding. II. Clinical aspects].
AB  - Based on primarily clinical findings this review tries to give a survey on the
      influence of parenteral application of single substrates, different nutritional
      regimens or special amino acids mixtures on acute protein losses. It can be
      emphasized that adequate amino acids substitution as such represents the
      dominating protein sparing mechanism during acute diseased states. The additional
      influence of calorie supply, however, is relatively limited, demonstrated by the
      fact, that already low-dosed carbohydrate supply shows a comparably favourable
      protein-sparing effect. At increased energy expenditure after major trauma or
      operation the relatively early use of fat emulsions--after decline of acute
      hormonal trauma reaction--for partial replacement of calories clearly seems to be
      of metabolic advantage compared to an exclusive and high-dosed carbohydrate
      supply. Further positive influence on acute protein losses can be expected by the
      adaption of the rates of amino acids supplementation to the trauma dependent
      alterations in behaviour of free amino acids, however, comprehensive clinical
      experiences are still lacking.

PMID- 6434413
TI  - Valuation of protein metabolism and albumin in patients submitted to peripheral
      parenteral nutrition (PPN).
AB  - A protein breakdown study was carried out in ten post-operative patients, 24
      hours after operation and after five days of peripheral parenteral nutrition;
      five of these patients were in a good nutritive condition (group A) and five were
      suffering from malnutrition and were critically ill (group B). Results indicate
      that the administration of amino-acids achieved a decrease in the degree of
      protein breakdown in the two groups under study, and also it was observed that
      better use was made of the nitrogen administered, particularly by the liver when
      the nitrogenous supply is completed with carbohydrates such as glucose. The
      difference obtained in values between the oxidized leucine and the leucine
      administered suggests that there is an endogenous donor pool, and the differences
      existing between breakdown and leucine oxidation values indicate that in group A,
      nourished solely with amino-acids, breakdown is lesser and oxidation greater than
      in group B, nourished with amino-acids and glucose, which suggests that there is
      more stimulation to re-use the amino-acids in this group.

PMID- 6434414
TI  - [Behavior of free amino acids in the severely burned patient (I: In plasma).
      Clinical study].
AB  - Plasma amino acids were measured in 10 severely burned patients during 4 weeks
      and were compared with plasma amino acids of 12 multiple injured patients
      measured in the first and second week after the accident. There is only little
      difference between the amino acid pattern of the two groups. The total amount of
      plasma amino acids was in the normal range in both groups. In burned patients the
      high ornithine level was striking, especially in the 1st week (140 mumol/l +/-
      46). During all 4 weeks glutamatic acid in burned patients was three to four
      times of the normal. The levels of asparagic acid were significantly higher in
      burned patients than in multiple injured patients and reached the highest value
      in the 2nd week (21,5 mumol/l +/- 8). The branched-chain amino acids decreased to
      low normal values in the 3rd and 4th week after an elevation in the 2nd week.
      Citrullin levels (mean 6-12 mumol/l) of both groups were below the normal range,
      as well as cystin levels (mean 5-36 mumol/l). A possible connection to the
      increased production of urea is pointed out and the consequence for the nutrition
      of burned patients is discussed.

PMID- 6434415
TI  - [Nutrition physiologic, immunologic and clinical parameters in prospective
      randomized patients by enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy following large
      intestine operations].
AB  - In a prospectively randomized study with 60 patients differences between enteral
      and parenteral nutrition were investigated especially with regard to short living
      proteins, immunoglobulins and clinical complications. Prealbumine as well as
      fibronectin and transferrin increased faster in enteral nourished patients
      postoperatively than in the parenterally nourished group. With this observation a
      reduced weight loss correlates in the enterally nourished group. From the
      immunoglobulins only IgM was significantly increased after enteral nutrition. An
      accumulation of postoperative infections seems to be in context with a delayed
      increase of IgM in the parenteral nourished group.

PMID- 6434416
TI  - [3-Methylhistidine as a parameter for the determination of muscle proteolysis in
      the post-stress syndrome and in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The renal excretion of 3-methylhistidine was measured in healthy human volunteers
      under different diets. The excretion of 3-methylhistidine and total nitrogen was
      increased in 8 surgical patients. These findings are referred to an increased
      proteolysis mainly in the skeletal muscle. In four insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients (IDDM) the excretion of 3-methylhistidine into urine was increased only
      when referred to body weight. The interpretation of the 3
      methylhistidine/creatinin ratio is discussed. In diabetic patients the total
      nitrogen excretion seems to be a better parameter for protein turnover than 3
      methylhistidine. The data suggest that 3-methylhistidine excretion into urine is
      a suitable parameter for the determination of muscle protein turnover.

PMID- 6434417
TI  - [Experimental model for long-term trials of parenteral nutrition in the growing
      rat].
AB  - Young male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing approximately 170 gs) are entirely
      maintained by parenteral nutrition over a period of 4 weeks. The nutrient
      solution - a mixture of amino acids, glucose, fat, electrolytes, vitamins, and
      trace elements in a composition optimal for rats - is infused by means of a
      roller pump through a catheter leading to the vena cava and having its outlet in
      the midscapular region. The animals are provided with a little harness and kept
      in metabolic cages. They are freely movable during the entire infusion period.
      The average weight gain with an energy supply of 350 kcal and 1 g N/kg/24 h was
      recorded to be 3.8g/day. Since the requirement of nitrogen and energy per unit of
      body weight decreases with growth, nitrogen balance becomes increasingly positive
      in the course of the experimental period. Cumulative nitrogen retention during 24
      days was 4.23 g. Operation techniques, treatment of the animals and composition
      of the infusion solutions are described in detail.

PMID- 6434418
TI  - Thermogenesis induced by nutrient administration in man.
AB  - After ingestion or intravenous infusion of a nutrient, the energy expenditure
      increases. This nutrient-induced thermogenesis represents 6 to 8% of the energy
      infused when glucose is infused with insulin (glucose clamp technique) to healthy
      subjects. At physiological plasma insulin levels (i.e. below 200 microU/ml),
      glucose induced thermogenesis (GIT) was 6%, whereas at supraphysiological levels
      (i.e. greater than 400 microU/ml) GIT was 8% of the energy content of glucose
      infused. This thermogenic response to glucose infusion includes two components:
      An "obligatory thermogenesis" which accounts for the energy cost of storing the
      nutrient and a "facultative thermogenesis" which is mainly due to a stimulation
      of sympathetic activity. The thermogenic response to lipid infusion (Intralipid
      20%) was 2 to 3% of the energy infused. The stimulation of energy expenditure
      following amino acid infusion has been studied less in healthy subjects; in
      depleted patients, the thermogenic response to amino acids has been evaluated to
      correspond to about 30 to 40% of the amino acid energy infused. In addition to
      the concept of the thermogenic response to nutrients, it is of interest to know
      the cost of nutrient storage; for glucose, it amounted to 12%, for lipid to 4% of
      the energy stored. It is concluded, that lipid induces a lower thermogenic
      response and has a smaller cost for storage than glucose. Thus, lipid infusion
      allows giving energy more efficiently to the patient than large amounts of
      glucose. In total parenteral nutrition, it is common practice to supply non
      protein energy roughly equally between glucose and fat; this is more economical
      than the infusion of large amounts of glucose.

PMID- 6434419
TI  - [Effect of Nutriflex 48 on the plasma amino acid pattern in surgical intensive
      care patients with infection].
AB  - Nutriflex 48 (48 g amino acids and 1250 nonprotein kcal/l), containing 20%
      branched chain amino acids, was infused in a dose of 2000 ml per day over a
      period of 14 days to 8 surgical intensive care patients with sepsis and
      concomitant liver dysfunction. Cumulative nitrogen balance was negative on each
      day of investigation, as aspected in those patients. The amino acid patterns in
      plasma showed increased concentrations of methionin, while the concentration of
      branched chain amino acids remained in the normal range until the end of the
      study. The concentration of plasma ammonium was always normal. These results seem
      to indicate that in septic patients a total parenteral nutrition with
      conventional amino acid solutions containing normal concentrations of branched
      chain amino acids, is possible. The results of the present study show that the
      necessity of parenteral nutrition in septic patients with highly branched chain
      amino acids can not be supported.

PMID- 6434420
TI  - [Dissociation behavior of peptide diets].
AB  - The solution stability of different diets (Peptisorb, Salvipeptid, Survimed and
      Survimed neutral) was investigated. All diets exert a more or less cream
      formation. Additionally in some of them one can observe the sedimentation of
      particulates. When these diets were pumped out of the nutrient bag, as usually
      done in clinical practice during enteral nutrition, some of them produce an
      effluent, which contains a high portion of sedimenting particulates at the
      beginning of the infusion. All of them show a very high colloidal portion in the
      last pumping fraction. The question is raised, whether these phenomena may lead
      to an osmotic burden of the bowel, thus in consequence, causing the often
      observed diarrhoea in tube fed patients.

PMID- 6434421
TI  - [A model for long-term parenteral feeding in the rat].
AB  - A model has been developed for the intravenous feeding in unrestrained rats, with
      use of simple technique and nutritional solutions, available in every hospital.
      The major survival time is 6-8 weeks. During the parenteral nutrition the rats
      gain weight and are in a excellent general health. The cumulative nitrogen
      balance is with a 95% retention highly positive.

PMID- 6434422
TI  - [Effect of metabolism-oriented substrate administration on energy and protein
      metabolism in polytraumatized artificial respiration patients].
AB  - An adequate "individually tailored" infusion and nutritional therapy is one of
      the essential prerequisites for an optimal healing process - especially in
      ventilated, polytraumatized patients with reduced compensatory capacities. There
      are nevertheless practically no publications dealing with the effect of substrate
      application adjusted to the measured metabolic rate on the energy and protein
      metabolism of the critically ill. In order to clarify this situation a
      prospective study was carried out on a group of 40 polytraumatized, ventilated
      patients, who were randomized into four groups, each receiving different infusion
      and nutritional regimen. The O2-consumption, energy expenditure, nitrogen balance
      and substrate concentrations in plasma and urine were determined, and the urea
      production rate and substrate turnover of all patients calculated. In the groups
      given nutritional support carbohydrate application adjusted to O2-consumption -
      lead to blood glucose concentrations which were persistently high. However,
      median values did not exceed 10 mmol/l and insulin application was never
      necessary. Energy expenditure - calculated from O2-consumption - averaged about
      3000 kcal/day and was clearly below values previously reported in the literature
      for patients comparable to those studied in this investigation. There was no
      difference in energy expenditure between the patients treated with various
      infusion regimen. In none of the groups the median plasma urea concentration did
      exceed reference range. Despite an apparent improvement in nitrogen retention
      rate - through an increased amino-acid intake and a balanced energy input - an
      increased urea production rate resulted. When a balanced delivery of energy
      yielding substrates is given, 2 g amino-acids/kg/day seems to be the upper limit
      of nitrogen support in the critically ill. 3-methylhistidine excretion in urine
      was parallel to urea production rate, indicating that the amino-acid sparing
      effect of carbohydrates is mainly derived from amino-acid conservation in muscle.
      These results seem to indicate that even in the early posttraumatic period a
      substrate application, adjusted to the measured turnover is possible without
      leading to a disturbance in homeostasis.

PMID- 6434423
TI  - [Effect of postoperative parenteral feeding on protein metabolism in heart
      surgery patients. A comparative study].
AB  - To investigate the importance of amino acid infusions in immediate postoperative
      parenteral nutrition, cardiac patients were randomly allocated into two groups.
      Applicating identical carbohydrate calories (2000 kcal/day) group 1 received only
      essential amino acids while in group 2 a combined pattern of essential and non
      essential amino acids was infused. In addition to routine laboratory data several
      parameters of protein metabolism including nitrogen balance were evaluated.
      Although nitrogen balance was positive only in group 2 the differences between
      the two groups concerning other parameters measured were minimal. The different
      infusion regimes are discussed revealing the significance of additional
      parenteral nutrition in these patients.

PMID- 6434424
TI  - Production of macrophage-activating and migration-inhibition factors in vitro by
      serologically selected and cloned Listeria monocytogenes-specific T cells of the
      Lyt 1+2- phenotype.
AB  - Lyt-selected Listeria-immune T lymphocytes from peritoneal exudates and cloned T
      cells were cocultured with heat-killed listeriae and peritoneal macrophages from
      nonimmune donors. Supernatants were assayed for: activation of macrophages for
      tumoristatic and tumoricidal activity via macrophage-activating factors and
      migration-inhibition factor activity. Peptone-induced peritoneal macrophages were
      activated by incubation with the supernatants for 24 h. For examination of
      cytocidal activity, 51Cr-labeled EL4 tumor cells were subsequently added, and
      51Cr release was determined. Cytostatic activity was measured by adding unlabeled
      EL4 tumor cells to the pretreated macrophages and determining [3H]thymidine
      incorporation 24 h later. Migration-inhibition factor production was examined in
      an agar microdroplet assay. Only Listeria-specific T cells of the phenotype Lyt
      1+2- proved active in these assays, whereas T cells of the phenotype Lyt 1-2+
      were not active. When T-cell clones were used, a single clone was capable of
      inducing macrophage-activating and migration-inhibition factor production at cell
      concentrations of ca. 10(3)/ml.

PMID- 6434425
TI  - Anaerobic growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae coupled to nitrite reduction.
AB  - A total of 204 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including 39 penicillinase
      producing strains, representing 64 distinct auxotype and serovar classes were
      tested for their ability to grow anaerobically with nitrite as a terminal
      electron acceptor. All strains grew anaerobically with subtoxic concentrations of
      nitrite, and all penicillinase-producing strains produced beta-lactamase when
      grown anaerobically. Nitrite reductase was produced constitutively under aerobic
      conditions in the absence of nitrite, and cytochrome oxidase was produced
      constitutively under anaerobic conditions. Strains could not grow anaerobically
      with sulfite as a terminal electron acceptor. Strain NRL 905 grew anaerobically
      in broth medium containing nitrite at a rate comparable to its growth rate under
      aerobic conditions. The feasibility and significance of in vivo anaerobic growth
      of N. gonorrhoeae is discussed.

PMID- 6434426
TI  - Comparison of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles
      and antigenic relatedness among outer membrane proteins of 49 Brucella abortus
      strains.
AB  - Outer membrane proteins were solubilized from 49 strains of Brucella abortus by
      sequential extraction of physically disrupted cells with N-lauroylsarcosinate and
      a dipolar ionic detergent (Verstreate et al., Infect. Immun. 35:979-989, 1982).
      The strains tested included standard agglutination test strain 1119, virulent
      strain 2308, and eight reference strains representing each of the biotypes; the
      remainder were isolates from cattle in North America with natural infections and
      included biotypes 1, 2, and 4. Three principal protein groups with apparent
      molecular weights of 88,000 to 94,000 (group 1), 35,000 to 40,000 (group 2, now
      established as porins [Douglas et al., Infect. Immun. 44:16-21, 1984]), and
      25,000 to 30,000 (group 3) were observed in every strain. Some variability in
      banding patterns occurred among strains, but intrastrain variation was sufficient
      to preclude the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      profiles of outer membrane proteins for differentiating among strains of B.
      abortus. One antigen ([b]) was shared among the porin proteins, and three others
      ([c], ([d], and ([ e]) were shared among the group 3 proteins of all of the
      strains tested, indicating that these relationships are probably species wide.
      These results suggest that it may be possible to use outer membrane proteins from
      a representative strain of B. abortus in a vaccine for species-wide immunization.

PMID- 6434427
TI  - Gamma interferon production in response to homologous and heterologous strain
      antigens in mice chronically infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi.
AB  - The ability of antigen-responsive, thymus-derived lymphocytes to produce immune
      (gamma) interferon was investigated during the development and expression of
      cellular immunity to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. C3H/HeDub mice infected
      subcutaneously with the Gilliam strain developed the ability to produce serum
      interferon in response to intravenously inoculated antigen which correlated with
      the development of resistance to intraperitoneal rechallenge. Antigen-responsive
      lymphocytes, measured by interferon production and proliferation, were first
      apparent in draining lymph node cells, but spleen cell responses were detectable
      relatively soon after the appearance of reactive lymph node cells. The peak
      spleen cell response was of a greater magnitude and was found to be relatively
      long-lived. Reactivity to heterologous strains of R. tsutsugamushi also developed
      after immunization and paralleled the homologous responses, although reactivity
      was greatest to homologous antigens. Responses to heterologous strains differed
      in magnitude and time of appearances; however, immune mice resisted challenge
      with all strains of R. tsutsugamushi tested.

PMID- 6434428
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to serotype 2 and serotype 15 outer membrane proteins of
      Neisseria meningitidis and their use in serotyping.
AB  - A series of murine monoclonal antibodies to serotype 2 and serotype 15 strains of
      Neisseria meningitidis were produced which were specific for outer membrane
      proteins of classes 1, 2, 3, and 5. A panel of eight monoclonal antibodies that
      exhibited a high degree of serotype specificity when reacted with prototype
      strains of known serotype were selected for study. Each of the corresponding
      epitopes was localized on a specific outer membrane protein by means of
      immunoprecipitation, electroblotting, or both. The serotype 2a-, 2b-, and 2c
      specific antibodies bound to the class 2 protein, the serotype 15-specific
      antibody bound to the class 3 protein, two antibodies (3-1-P1.2 and 3-1-P1.16)
      bound to class 1 proteins, and two antibodies (1-1-P5.1 and 3-1-P5.2) bound to
      class 5 proteins. Six of these monoclonal antibodies were used in a spot-blot
      procedure to survey 122 case isolates (groups B, C, Y, and W135) and 363 carrier
      isolates (all serogroups) for the presence of the 2a, 2b, 2c, 15, P1.2, and P1.16
      epitopes. A total of 66% of the case isolates and 30% of the carrier isolates
      reacted with one or more of the monoclonal antibodies. The use of monoclonal
      antibodies for serotyping of meningococci appears to be feasible and easy and
      appears to have significant advantages over the use of polyclonal typing sera.

PMID- 6434429
TI  - Interaction of anti-kojibiose antibody with the lipoteichoic acids from
      Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium.
AB  - Antisera prepared in rabbits by immunization with p-aminophenyl beta-kojibioside
      conjugated to bovine serum albumin (antikojibiose sera), readily agglutinated
      whole cells of Streptococcus faecalis or Streptococcus faecium, and showed
      specific reactions with the lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) of these streptococci by
      passive hemagglutination, microscale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The interaction of the antikojibiose sera with the
      LTAs was inhibited best by kojibiose [alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-D-glucose],
      somewhat less by the dextran from which the kojibiose was prepared, and not
      measurably by maltose [alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucose]. The sera
      reacted only minimally in only the most sensitive assay (microscale enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay) with LTA from group A streptococci (this LTA contains a
      single kojibiosyl residue as part of the glycolipid moiety of the molecule and
      failed to react with the Lactobacillus fermentum LTA which is substituted with
      alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----2)-D -glucosyl units.

PMID- 6434430
TI  - Induction of immune and adjuvant immunoglobulin G responses in mice by Brucella
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - The immunogenic and adjuvant properties of Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli
      lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were studied in endotoxin-responsive, athymic, and
      euthymic BALB/c mice and in responsive C3H/HeAu mice and congenic nonresponsive
      C3H/HeJ mice. Consistent with previous reports, E. coli LPS did not stimulate
      significant primary or secondary antibody responses in C3H/HeJ mice and induced
      the production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and low levels of IgG in C3H/HeAu mice.
      In contrast, B. abortus smooth and rough LPS stimulated primary and secondary
      antibody responses and induced the production of IgM and high levels of IgG in
      both responsive and nonresponsive strains of C3H/He mice and in nude mice. When
      used as adjuvant, B. abortus LPS augmented the IgG plaque-forming-cell response
      of C3H/HeAu and BALB/c euthymic mice to the T-dependent antigen sheep
      erythrocytes. E. coli LPS augmented only the IgM plaque-forming-cell response in
      the same mouse strains. Neither B. abortus nor E. coli LPS was adjuvant for
      C3H/HeJ or nude mice. The dichotomy between the antibody and adjuvant responses
      of both C3H/HeJ mice and athymic mice to B. abortus LPS may be a function of the
      true thymus independence and dependence of these responses. In addition, the
      refractiveness of C3H/HeJ and nude mice to B. abortus LPS as adjuvant, but not as
      mitogen or polyclonal B cell activator, clearly dissociates these phenomena.

PMID- 6434431
TI  - Future control of dental disease by immunization: vaccines and oral health.
AB  - The current status of vaccines against dental caries indicates that the present
      preparations are effective in animals and should be used in clinical trials to
      determine their effectiveness as an alternative to present methods of control. It
      is concluded that caries vaccination is a potentially valuable addition to
      fluoridation and dietary restriction. In regard to periodontal diseases, it is
      concluded that the present status of the microbial aspects of the disease are not
      sufficiently clear to allow vaccines, either mono-species or multi-species to be
      made. It must also be remembered that we do not yet know whether the immune
      response is damaging or protective in these diseases. Finally, a hypothesis is
      advanced to suggest that the IgG and IgA systems may synergize and thus protect
      against plaque bacteria.

PMID- 6434432
TI  - Selective shunting on the basis of EEG and regional CBF monitoring during carotid
      endarterectomy.

PMID- 6434433
TI  - Anesthetic considerations for carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6434434
TI  - Migration of bone marrow lymphocytes in mice: immunofluorescent staining using
      antiallotype serum.
AB  - Bone marrow cells from CSW (Igha) mice were injected intravenously into the
      congeneic CWB (Ighb) mice. The lymphoid tissues of the recipient CWB mice were
      examined for donor type surface immunoglobulin (SIg)-positive cells using
      fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antiallotype serum Ighb anti-Igha. Donor
      type SIg-positive cells were rarely found in the recipients immediately after
      injection. However, the donor type B cells increased in the recipient's spleen
      from days 1-2 and reached a plateau thereafter. The present method provides a
      useful means for studying the migration patterns and differentiation of bone
      marrow lymphocytes.

PMID- 6434435
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of testosterone enanthate and testosterone
      cyclohexanecarboxylate as assessed by serum and salivary testosterone levels in
      normal men.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 2 testosterone esters, testosterone enanthate and
      testosterone cyclohexanecarboxylate, were compared in a single blind crossover
      study in healthy young men. Their effects on serum and salivary levels of
      testosterone, as well as on the serum levels of LH, FSH and prolactin were
      measured after the injection of doses equivalent to 140 mg free testosterone.
      Both preparations yielded supraphysiological testosterone levels in serum and
      saliva as early as 2 h following injection, reaching peak levels 4 to 5 times
      above basal between 8 and 24 h. LH and FSH levels were suppressed as long as
      serum testosterone levels were elevated. Nine days after injecting testosterone
      enanthate and 7 days after giving testosterone cyclohexanecarboxylate, serum and
      salivary levels of testosterone had returned to basal. The longer activity of
      testosterone enanthate was also evidenced from more extended suppression of
      gonadotrophin levels. Although neither preparation is ideal because of the
      initial supraphysiological peaks, testosterone enanthate appears preferable for
      clinical use because of its slightly longer duration of action.

PMID- 6434436
TI  - Changes in testicular function induced by short-term exposure of the rat testis
      to heat: further evidence for interaction of germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig
      cells.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effects of a short episode of testicular
      heating (43 degrees C for 15 min) on spermatogenesis and Sertoli and Leydig cell
      function. Rats killed at intervals up to 156 days after heating were assessed by
      histological examination, and by measurement of serum FSH and LH, and by tests of
      Sertoli cell function consisting of fluid production, androgen binding protein
      (ABP) content of the ligated and unligated tests, together with the binding of
      [125I]FSH. Leydig cell function was assessed by in vitro testosterone production,
      serum testosterone levels and [125I]hCG binding to testes homogenates. Testis
      weight declined 7 days after heating to 70% of control and remained lower until
      82 days, whereas epididymal weight did not decrease significantly until 26 days
      and also recovered by 82 days. Fluid production was significantly lower in heated
      testes at 26 days and returned to normal at 56 days. ABP production measured as
      the difference between the ABP content of ligated and unligated testes was
      significantly reduced at 14 and 26 days, but subsequently recovered. Serum FSH
      levels were significantly elevated from 14-26 days in the heat treated group and
      the binding of [125I]FSH was reduced at 26 days post-heating. Basal and
      stimulated in vitro T production was significantly increased in the heat-treated
      testes at 14 days and subsequently returned to normal whilst [125I]hCG binding
      was significantly lower in the heat-treated testes from 7-26 days. Serum T and LH
      did not alter significantly during the study. Primary spermatocytes and young
      spermatids were the most heat sensitive germ cell type and a reduction in
      spermatogenesis was noted from 7 to 26 days, although recovery appeared complete
      by 56 days and thereafter. These results demonstrate that the transient
      spermatogenic disruption induced by heating is accompanied by significant
      alterations in Sertoli and Leydig cell function which are identical to those
      produced in other models of spermatogenic dysfunction. The results suggest that
      the duration of these changes appears to correlate closely with alterations
      occurring in the germ cell compartment.

PMID- 6434437
TI  - Effect of treatment with different doses of bromocriptine on plasma profiles of
      prolactin, gonadotrophins and testosterone in mature male rats and mice.
AB  - The influence of different doses of bromocriptine (CB-154) on plasma levels of
      prolactin (Prl), FSH, LH and testosterone (T) in mature male rats and mice was
      studied. Daily subcutaneous administration of 360 micrograms of CB-154 in sesame
      oil was sufficient to induce maximal suppression of plasma Prl levels in mature
      male rats whilst subcutaneous implantation of two pellets of CB-154 and
      cholesterol, each containing approximately 6 mg CB-154, was effective in
      suppressing serum Prl levels in mature rats for at least four weeks. This was
      accompanied by a significant elevation of plasma levels of LH and FSH. A similar
      dose-response study in mature male mice suggested that relatively higher doses of
      CB-154 are required to suppress plasma levels of Prl in this species, although
      large doses of CB-154 can still increase plasma levels of gonadotrophins and T in
      male mice.

PMID- 6434438
TI  - How useful is digitalis in patients with congestive heart failure and sinus
      rhythm?

PMID- 6434439
TI  - Abnormal prolactin response to thyrotrophic releasing hormone in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - The effect of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin (PRL) levels was
      studied in 11 patients with moderate essential hypertension (WHO phases I and II)
      and in 11 sex and age matched normal subjects. In 90.9 per cent of the patients
      with essential hypertension presenting normal or elevated basal PRL levels, the
      response to TRH was blunted. The abnormal response of PRL secretion to TRH
      administration may reflect the dysfunction of dopaminergic and noradrenergic
      hypothalamic systems in essential hypertension.

PMID- 6434440
TI  - Spontaneous regression of neurogenic heterotopic ossification.
AB  - A description is given of an unusual case of a 13 year old girl who showed
      complete regression of neurogenically induced heterotopic ossification following
      recovery from her head injury. The case report indicates that heterotopic
      ossification is not necessarily permanent following neurological disturbance, but
      may be a reversible condition resulting from temporary neurological stress. The
      cause of heterotopic ossification is not known and the detrimental effect of
      misapplied physiotherapy is considered.

PMID- 6434441
TI  - The effect of inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis on neutrophil-mediated
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: exacerbation by mitomycin C.
AB  - Previous work correlating 51chromium release with aggregate formation between
      neutrophils and target cells had indicated that unlike killing by lymphocytes,
      neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (NADCC) in the
      guinea-pig against hepatoma cells required that three or more neutrophils were
      simultaneously attached to the target cells. There was virtually no lysis when
      only one or two neutrophils were attached. This raised the possibility that the
      target cells could repair lesions inflicted by one or two cells and this was
      investigated using inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. Actinomycin D,
      cycloheximide, puromycin and adriamycin had no effect--militating against a
      repair mechanism. Surprisingly, mitomycin C led to an exacerbation of NADCC.
      Chlorambucil, which like mitomycin C is an alkylating agent, had a similar effect
      though less marked. One explanation of this phenomenon which seemed likely was
      that the drugs were affecting the cell cycle of the target cells, i.e. that being
      alkylating agents they might be holding the target cells in a susceptible phase
      of the cycle. Experiments in which the target cells alone were preincubated with
      mitomycin C for varying periods of time (2-18 h) before the start of the assay,
      did not confirm this. However a thirty minute preincubation with mitomycin C of
      either the neutrophils or neutrophils plus the target cells resulted in increased
      cytolysis. The results indicate that the effect of mitomycin C in exacerbating
      NADCC is primarily on the neutrophil.

PMID- 6434442
TI  - Involvement of prostaglandins in LPS-mediated regulation of plasminogen activator
      synthesis by inflammatory macrophages.
AB  - We have previously shown that production of plasminogen activator by inflammatory
      macrophages can be inhibited by immunomodulators of bacterial origin, especially
      LPS. In these experiments, the contribution of prostaglandins to this control was
      investigated. We examined the effect of two prostaglandin synthetase blockers,
      indomethacin and diclofenac. These drugs do not modify per se the production of
      plasminogen activator but they can partially prevent the inhibitory effect of
      LPS. Since restoration was not complete when plasminogen activator production was
      strongly inhibited, it is suggested that the immunomodulator acts through a
      mechanism involving more than one pathway only one of which would be mediated by
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 6434443
TI  - Pulmonary ventilation in relation to oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production
      during incremental load work.
AB  - The purposes of the present investigation were: (1) to describe the relationships
      between exercise pulmonary ventilation (VE) and oxygen uptake (VO2) and VE and
      carbon dioxide production (VCO2), (2) to determine the % VO2 max at the lowest
      ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (VEO2), and (3) to examine the relationship
      between the % VO2 max at the lowest VEO2 and maximal aerobic power (VO2 max).
      During incremental load work, VE increased exponentially in relation to
      elevations in VO2 and VCO2. Differentiation of the VE to VO2 exponential equation
      gives the minimum slope of the equation and corresponds to the lowest ventilatory
      equivalent for oxygen. In our subjects, VO2 max (mean +/- SD) was 3.84 +/- 0.71 l
      . min-1, and VO2 at the lowest VEO2 was 1.70 +/- 0.32 l . min-1. The VO2 at the
      lowest VEO2 was 44.3 +/- 4.0% VO2 max (range 37% to 53% VO2 max). The correlation
      coefficient (r) between VO2 at the lowest VEO2 and VO2 max was 0.90, while the r
      between % VO2 max at the lowest VEO2 and VO2 max was -0.24.

PMID- 6434444
TI  - Aggression and the XYY personality.

PMID- 6434445
TI  - Civilian maxillo-facial gunshot injuries.
AB  - Recently, in many parts of the world, there has been an increase in the number of
      civilian crimes involving guns and nowadays any oral surgeon in hospital may be
      confronted with this type of injury. This paper reviews the mechanism of wounding
      by different firearms to allow an appreciation of their effect on living tissues,
      and then outlines the clinical management of these injuries.

PMID- 6434446
TI  - Apertognathia (open bite) and its surgical management.
AB  - The etiology, diagnosis, and management of apertognathia are reviewed. 2
      apertognathia cases treated with LeFort I osteotomy and adjunctive procedures are
      presented.

PMID- 6434447
TI  - Champy plates in mandibular surgery.
AB  - Champy plates are becoming more and more accepted for the fixation of simple
      mandibular fractures, fixation of middle face fractures and fixation after Le
      Fort osteotomies. This area of indication can be extended by their use in cases
      of complicated mandibular fractures, fixation of bone graft, and immediate
      reconstruction following removal of mandibular tumours. Experience shows that
      Champy plates have the following advantages over other methods: the plates are
      small, flexible, easily adaptable and the monocortical screws allow a rapid
      surgical application. Some examples are presented.

PMID- 6434448
TI  - The bilateral eminectomy as definitive treatment. A review of 44 patients.
AB  - A report of 44 patients with chronic painful TMJ subluxation and dislocation, non
      amenable to conservative treatment, who underwent bilateral eminectomies is
      presented. A complete success rate of 82% and a tolerated improvement rate of 93%
      were obtained.

PMID- 6434449
TI  - Root resorption of upper permanent incisor caused by impacted canine. An analysis
      of 23 cases.
AB  - Unusual root resorption of 12 central and 11 lateral upper permanent incisors in
      11 patients is described. The degree of resorption ranged from loss of the apical
      1/4 to almost complete loss of root structure. Excepting 1 case, permanent
      canines were partially or completely impacted and their crowns were in close
      apposition to the resorbed surfaces of the incisors. The roots of the canines
      were either in the process of formation or completely formed. The findings
      suggest that the pressure from the canine which persists in moving downward
      despite the lack of space to permit normal eruption could cause root resorption
      of adjacent incisors even in the absence of systemic factors. Of 14 extracted
      incisors, 10 were replaced orthodontically by the impacted canines, whereas the
      spaces of the extracted incisors were restored by prosthetic means in the 4 other
      cases. 6 incisors were preserved without any treatment and 2 with the aid of a
      sapphire dento-osseous anchor pin. Since the resorbed incisors were mostly free
      of pain, early detection by radiographic examination is essential to establish a
      proper diagnosis.

PMID- 6434450
TI  - Biomechanical study on monocortical osteosynthesis for the fracture of the
      mandible.
AB  - In order to compare the rigidity of the fixation and resultant bone healing of
      monocortical versus bicortical osteosynthesis, biomechanical tests were performed
      in dogs. Use of a gnathotome made it possible to produce a mandibular fracture
      with minimal bone defect between fragments. An AO dynamic compression plate and a
      mini-plate were used for the fixation of each half side of the fractured
      mandible. The biomechanical tests revealed that bicortical osteosynthesis was
      superior to monocortical in the rigidity of the fixation. However, the results
      after removal of the plates, at 14 weeks postoperatively, showed that there was
      no apparent difference between the 2 sides. Monocortical osteosynthesis is useful
      in the treatment of mandibular fractures, except for fractures with bone defects,
      comminuted fragments and laceration of the lateral cortical bone.

PMID- 6434451
TI  - Influence of root development on periodontal and pulpal healing after
      replantation of incisors in monkeys.
AB  - The influence of root development on periodontal and pulpal healing after
      replantation was examined in 30 green vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in
      which a total of 50 teeth were replanted. Maxillary central incisors with
      different stages of root development (immature, young mature and mature root
      formation) were replanted with untreated pulps or after root canal treatment with
      gutta percha and Kerr sealer. The extra-alveolar period in all groups was 18 min.
      The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the teeth examined
      histologically. The following histologic parameters were registered for each
      tooth: surface resorption, inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption
      (ankylosis), downgrowth of pocket epithelium, periapical inflammatory changes and
      extent of vital pulp. Histologic analysis showed that the extent of vital pulp
      was significantly related to the stage of root development, being almost complete
      in teeth with immature roots and almost totally lacking in young mature and
      mature teeth. Surface resorption was found with the same frequency in the
      different root development groups while inflammatory resorption was slightly more
      frequent in young mature teeth than in mature teeth, a finding possibly related
      to a protective action of a thick cementum layer in the mature teeth. Replacement
      resorption was found with almost the same frequency in the different root
      development groups in non-endodontically treated teeth. As ankylosis is the most
      important factor determining the prognosis of replanted and autotransplanted
      teeth, the present findings indicate that replantation and autotransplantation of
      mature teeth could be of clinical use.

PMID- 6434452
TI  - Autotransplantation and replantation of tooth germs in monkeys. Effect of damage
      to the dental follicle and position of transplant in the alveolus.
AB  - The effect of damage to the follicle and of superficial positioning of tooth
      germs after replantation or autotransplantation was studied in green Vervet
      monkeys. Radiographs were taken immediately after surgery and 3, 6 and 9 months
      postoperatively, whereafter the animals were sacrificed. The tissue blocks were
      sectioned in step serial sections along a frontal plane and histologic and
      radiographic evaluation was made. Tooth germs whose follicle was either damaged
      or removed showed no sign of eruption, while tooth germs which were replanted
      with an intact follicle were fully erupted within 3 months. Non-operated control
      teeth were fully erupted within 6 months. Histologic examination revealed that
      roots of replanted teeth were only slightly shorter than the non-operated control
      teeth. Transplantation of tooth germs in different positions in relation to the
      alveolar crest showed that teeth placed in their original position attained an
      average tooth length of 12.5 mm, whereas teeth placed in a semi-erupted position
      achieved an average length of only 9.7 mm. A control group of non-operated
      incisors demonstrated an average tooth length of 13.7 mm. This study indicates
      that damage to the follicle at the time of replantation of tooth germs is of
      major importance for tooth eruption and that placing tooth germs in a semi
      erupted position adversely influences later root development.

PMID- 6434453
TI  - Immunological identification of plasminogen activators in normal and malignant
      tissues of the oral cavity in man.
AB  - Plasminogen-activator activity was examined qualitatively in normal and malignant
      mucosa of the oral cavity in humans, using an immunological histochemical fibrin
      slide technique. No fibrinolytic activity was observed in sections of normal
      mucosa when monospecific antibodies against a melanoma cell activator (anti-MA)
      were added. Antibodies against urokinase (anti-UK) did not react on the
      fibrinolytic activity which indicates that the activator is of tissue type. In
      malignant tissue, fibrinolytic activity was completely blocked by a mixture of
      anti-MA and anti-UK.

PMID- 6434454
TI  - Electrogalvanically-induced contact allergy of the oral mucosa. Report of a case.
AB  - A 69-year-old white female presented bilateral lesions of the oral mucosa
      possibly related to electrogalvanism. The lesions were histologically
      characterized as lichen planus and as mild epithelial dysplasia on the left and
      right sides, respectively. They disappeared after removing amalgam restorations
      opposing the lesions. Epicutaneous patch tests and lymphocyte-transformation
      tests showed that the patient suffered from a contact allergy to mercury
      compounds, indicating this as a mechanism by which electrogalvanism may induce
      lesions of the oral mucosa.

PMID- 6434455
TI  - Intraparotid hemangioma in an adult. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - We have reported a case of a vascular malformation within the parotid gland of an
      adult. The first symptom was acute onset of pain and swelling, consistent, in
      retrospect, with a thrombophlebitis and associated vascular congestion. Although
      the hemangioma of the parotid is not uncommon in young children, it is rare in
      the adult. Several clues to the diagnosis have been reviewed, all absent in the
      case reported. The potential confusion with primary salivary pathology is
      emphasized by this report.

PMID- 6434456
TI  - Bilateral ranula.

PMID- 6434457
TI  - Lingual osseous choristoma. Report of 2 cases.

PMID- 6434458
TI  - Chemical modification of ribonuclease A with 4-arsono-2-nitrofluorobenzene.
AB  - 4-Arsono-2-nitrofluorobenzene reacts selectively at the anion binding site of
      bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. The major derivative is the inactive 41-(4
      arsono-2-nitrophenyl) ribonuclease A (45% yield). Additional products are 1-alpha
      (4-arsono-2-nitrophenyl) ribonuclease A (11% yield) which is enzymatically active
      and the disubstituted, inactive 1,41-bis-(4-arsono-2-nitrophenyl) ribonuclease A
      (25% yield). 2' (3')-O-Bromoacetyluridine reacts with 41-(4-arsono-2-nitrophenyl)
      ribonuclease A exclusively at the histidine-12 residue at a rate which is
      approximately one-fourth the rate observed with the unmodified enzyme. Saturation
      kinetics are observed and the dissociation constant for the protein-inhibitor
      complex is 0.096 +/- 0.023 M. The first-order unimolecular decomposition constant
      for complex breakdown is 8.9 +/- 2.9 X 10(-4) s-1. 2'-Bromoacetamido-2'
      deoxyuridine reacts with 41-(4-arsono-2-nitrophenyl) ribonuclease A 25 times more
      slowly than 2'(3')-O-bromoacetyluridine. Bromoacetate reacts with 41-(4-arsono-2
      nitrophenyl) ribonuclease A predominantly at the histidine-119 residue at a rate
      45 times less than that found for the unmodified enzyme. The results of the
      alkylation studies imply that the dianionic arsonate does not occupy the
      phosphate binding site in the enzyme but is sufficiently proximate to account for
      a decrease in bromoacetate binding as well as a reduction in the nucleophilic
      reactivity of histidine-12 and -119. All these effects may be accounted for in
      terms of a local electrostatic perturbation of the active site region by the
      arsononitrophenyl group.

PMID- 6434459
TI  - Effect of antianginal agents on arteriolar diameter in normal and cholesterol-fed
      rabbits.
AB  - The effect of antianginal agents on the cutaneous arteriolar diameter in normal
      and cholesterol-fed rabbits was investigated. The change in the potency of
      trapidil to dilate arterioles in cholesterol-fed rabbits was relatively minor
      when compared with normal rabbits. On the other hand, the potencies of other
      agents decreased markedly in cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared with normal
      rabbits. For example, in arterioles of 45-50 micron in diameter, the effective
      doses of tapidil and dilazep at which the agents dilated the vessel by 20% (ED20)
      were 1.0 and 0.07 mg/kg i.v., respectively, in normal rabbits, and 2.3 and 2.0
      mg/kg i.v., respectively, in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The other agents, such as
      dipyridamole, diltiazem and nifedipine, virtually did not show any dilating
      effects on arterioles of cholesterol-fed rabbits at the doses which were
      effective in normal rabbits. The maximum changes in systemic blood pressure and
      carotid blood flow induced by the administration of trapidil, dilazep or
      dipyridamole did not decrease in cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared with normal
      rabbits. These results suggest that it is more desirable to evaluate the
      therapeutic potency of antianginal agents in cholesterol-fed rabbits than in
      normal rabbits, and that the action of antianginal agents on arterioles is not
      dependent on its action on systemic hemodynamics.

PMID- 6434460
TI  - The effect of DMSO treatment on the performance of [99mTc]HEDP.
AB  - The effect of treating a commercial skeletal imaging kit containing
      hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) prior to
      labeling with sodium pertechnetate, 99mTc[TcO4-], was investigated.
      Statistically, significant differences (P less than 0.05) in soft tissue
      retention (blood and muscle) were seen in rats after injection with the DMSO
      treated HEDP compared to the nontreated HEDP. Based on i.r. and HPLC data, it
      appears that DMSO acts as an extractant for certain Sn2+-HEDP complexes which
      contribute to greater soft-tissue retention.

PMID- 6434461
TI  - Investigation of the zinc status of surgical patients.
AB  - Zn kinetics were studied in two surgical patients and compared with the findings
      in three controls. One patient had malabsorption following resection of part of
      the small intestine, the other was suffering from malabsorption due to radiation
      enteropathy incurred more than 10 years earlier. Whole-body retention of i.v.
      administered 65Zn, measured with a simple linear scanner, showed a sharp initial
      drop in the first patient, followed by an increased retention. This was explained
      by large initial intestinal losses of Zn leading to a state of Zn deficiency. In
      the second patient, who had developed Zn deficiency over a period of years, the
      whole-body retention was increased from the beginning. Compared with other
      parameters, whole-body retention seems to be a good indicator for the Zn status
      of patients, although of limited clinical use because the measurements take too
      much time.

PMID- 6434462
TI  - 99mTc complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic and
      ethylenediaminetetraacetohydroxamic acids; labelling and biodistribution.

PMID- 6434463
TI  - A cost-effective employee health program.

PMID- 6434464
TI  - Current concepts in laser iridotomy.

PMID- 6434466
TI  - Vitamins in therapy and prevention. Current aspects in risk groups.

PMID- 6434467
TI  - Dietary limitations in the elderly.

PMID- 6434465
TI  - Gonadotrophin treatment of pathospermic patients.
AB  - The effectiveness of gonadotrophin treatment was studied in pathospermic
      patients. In the treatment of 10, 478 and 184 infertile men, Anthrogon,
      Choriogonin and Pergonal + HCG, respectively, were applied. Improvement of the
      spermiogram is anticipated especially when the pre-treatment plasma FSH level is
      low or normal. No success could be expected in hypergonadotrophic cases.
      Gonadotrophin treatment is not effective when infertility is due to genetic,
      mechanical, vascular or infectious diseases.

PMID- 6434468
TI  - Digestion and vitamin deficiency in the elderly.

PMID- 6434469
TI  - Physiological ageing and arteriosclerosis: prophylaxis of arteriosclerosis with
      vitamins.

PMID- 6434470
TI  - Immunocompetence in malnutrition. I. Correlation between nutritional parameters
      and the immune response.

PMID- 6434471
TI  - Immunocompetence in malnutrition. II. Mechanisms responsible for the
      immunodeficiency.

PMID- 6434472
TI  - The modulation of osteoarthritic development by vitamins C and E.

PMID- 6434474
TI  - Drug and vitamin interactions in adults.

PMID- 6434473
TI  - Vitamins in nutritional and metabolic imbalances.

PMID- 6434475
TI  - Prolonged parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6434476
TI  - Practical vitamin therapy in youth: prophylactic administration.

PMID- 6434477
TI  - Practical vitamin therapy in adult life "under stress conditions".

PMID- 6434478
TI  - Drug-induced vitamin deficiency in children.

PMID- 6434479
TI  - Vitamin deficiency.

PMID- 6434480
TI  - Correlation between protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin-mineral deficiencies
      in the young.

PMID- 6434481
TI  - Clinical and subclinical nutritional deficiencies.

PMID- 6434482
TI  - Feeding and nutrition in modern life.

PMID- 6434483
TI  - Stress and vitamin deficiency.

PMID- 6434484
TI  - Significance of vitamins in child health.

PMID- 6434485
TI  - An overview of the relationship between diet and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6434486
TI  - Nonlysozyme antibacterial factor in human tears. Fact or fiction?
AB  - The existence of nonlysozyme antibacterial activity in tear fluid was
      reinvestigated. Tear fluid was fractionated by ultrafiltration and affinity
      chromatography. The antibacterial activity, detected in native tear fluid,
      coincided with the presence of lysozyme in the fractions. No antibacterial
      activity could be detected by agar diffusion in the fractions that should contain
      the low molecular mass antibacterial factors of tear fluid, reported in the
      literature.

PMID- 6434487
TI  - The effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on aqueous humor chemistry and
      dynamics.
AB  - The effects of topical application of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
      trifluormethazolamide (TFM) on intraocular pressure (IOP), ascorbate and CO2
      concentrations in aqueous humor, and aqueous humor flow were studied in rabbits.
      These effects were compared with those produced by systemic treatment with
      methazolamide. The decrease in IOP observed after TFM was accompanied by changes
      in the composition of the aqueous humor. Posterior aqueous ascorbate
      concentration showed a marked increase (up to 1.7-fold), whereas the anterior
      aqueous ascorbate did not change significantly. Similar changes were found in
      rabbits after systemic treatment with methazolamide. A small but statistically
      significant decrease in the CO2 content of both posterior and anterior aqueous
      was observed after topical TFM application. Methazolamide yielded a more profound
      lowering in the CO2 content of the aqueous humor, a reflection of the significant
      decrease in plasma CO2 content. For topical TFM or systemic methazolamide doses
      yielding complete inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the eye, a 55-59% reduction
      of aqueous flow was calculated from the ascorbate data using the Kinsey and Palm
      equation. However, a 31-42% reduction in aqueous flow was obtained from the same
      data using an equation based only on posterior chamber data. The reasons for
      using only posterior aqueous ascorbate data for calculating the changes in
      aqueous humor flow are discussed.

PMID- 6434488
TI  - Decreased cerebrospinal fluid production by intravenous sodium diatrizoate.
AB  - Intravenous administration of the radiographic contrast agent sodium diatrizoate
      (50%, 2ml/kg) significantly decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in
      dogs for up to 40 minutes as measured from a lateral ventricular cannula. The
      magnitude of this decrease exceeded the decrease induced by hypertonic saline.
      Since hypertonicity could not explain the decrease, an enzymatic mechanism was
      sought. Choroid plexus carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been implicated in the
      elaboration of CSF. The assay of CA activity was a colorimetric measure of the
      hydration of CO2 where reaction time is related to the amount of active CA
      present. The inhibition of dog red blood cell and choroid plexus CA by sodium
      diatrizoate was compared with that by the known CA inhibitor acetazolamide.
      Acetazolamide (48 mM) produced almost complete inhibition whereas the inhibition
      by sodium diatrizoate (84 mM) was not significantly different from control. These
      results suggest that neither hypertonicity nor CA inhibition is the cause of the
      reduced CSF production after intravenous injection of sodium diatrizoate in dogs.

PMID- 6434489
TI  - Modification of platelet aggregation and thromboxane synthesis by intravascular
      contrast media.
AB  - Radiographic contrast media (RCM) decreased significantly platelet aggregation in
      human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) after addition of arachidonic acid (AA) or
      adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Unlike hypertonic saline, diatrizoate, ioxaglate,
      and iopamidol (40 and 160 mM) inhibited AA-induced aggregation. One hundred sixty
      mM ioxaglate inhibited slightly the concomitant formation of immunoreactive
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2). The ionic RCM ioxaglate (40 and 160 mM) and diatrizoate
      (160 mM), but not the nonionic iopamidol, decreased the ADP-induced aggregation
      more than hypertonic saline. When PRP was incubated with different RCM without
      any aggregating agents or with ADP, the formation of TXB2 was negligible. Results
      of this study show that inhibition of AA- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by
      RCM is partly due to hypertonicity and partly related to the chemical structure
      of the RCM molecule. The inhibition of AA-induced aggregation is not caused by
      the lack of formation of aggregatory TXA2.

PMID- 6434490
TI  - The case of Mary Hier: when substituted judgment becomes sleight of hand.

PMID- 6434491
TI  - [Therapy of atopic eczema].
AB  - When a decision is being made on the therapy of atopic eczema, the complex
      pathogenetic interactions involved in this disease have to be taken into
      consideration. The acute inflammatory changes respond to short-term
      glucocorticoid steroid treatment (topical); long-term steroid therapy should be
      avoided. In chronic lichen-type lesions, non-steroid topical applications can be
      helpful. Frequent acute infections of the skin require the application of
      antimicrobials. Intense pruritus is treated by antihistamines (possibly also H2
      antagonists). Due to the well-known psychosomatic influence in this disease,
      careful counseling of the patient (and if a child, of the family) is necessary.
      Pathogenetically relevant allergic reactions of the immediate type can be treated
      successfully in some cases by hyposensitization. Prophylactic measures include
      allergen avoidance (climate therapy, no pets, well-established food allergens
      etc.). Possible new perspectives may be seen in the development of agents acting
      at the disturbed T-cell regulation, as well as by the introduction of mast-cell
      blocking substances. The basis of every therapeutic approach in atopic eczema is,
      however, intensive skin care, using emollients and oil baths, especially during
      the remission phase.

PMID- 6434492
TI  - A silent hemoglobin variant detected by HPLC: hemoglobin City of Hope beta 69
      (E13) Gly----Ser.
AB  - A silent hemoglobin variant with substitution of serine for glycine at position
      69 of the beta-chain was discovered in a healthy individual. Reverse-phase HPLC
      was used for globin chain separation and to separate the tryptic peptides of the
      variant. This variant was undetectable by conventional methods of protein
      separation such as electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and ion-exchange
      chromatography. This observation demonstrates the potential of reverse-phase HPLC
      as a tool for the search and detection of neutral substitutions in variants of
      hemoglobin and other proteins, and its usefulness for screening genetic
      variations in human populations.

PMID- 6434493
TI  - Hb Albany-Suma (alpha 11 [A9] Lys----Asn), a hemoglobin variant with slightly
      elevated oxygen affinity in Japan.
AB  - A fast-moving abnormal hemoglobin was detected in a heterozygous condition from a
      patient with benign goiter. The hemoglobin has a slight but significant high
      oxygen affinity. The patient does not show any hematologic abnormality.
      Structural analysis indicated that a lysine residue normally present at alpha 11
      was substituted by an asparagine residue. This substitution which has not been
      described previously was discovered coincidentally by another laboratory (1). The
      new variant has been named Hb Albany-Suma to denote the origin of the variant in
      both the United States and Japan.

PMID- 6434494
TI  - Identical populations of phagocytes and dying neurons revealed by intravascularly
      injected horseradish peroxidase, and by endogenous glutaraldehyde-resistant acid
      phosphatase, in the brains of chick embryos.
AB  - Intravascularly injected horseradish peroxidase selectively labels certain
      classes of cells in the brains of chick embryos: phagocytes, which have
      characteristic distributions and resemble either gitter cells or microglia; and
      some, but not all, dying neurons. Healthy neurons are not labelled. If the isthmo
      optic nucleus is caused to degenerate by an intraocular injection of colchicine
      on the opposite side, most of its neurons take up peroxidase. However, destroying
      the afferents to the isthmo-optic nucleus increases its loss of neurons without
      affecting the number labelled. In sections double-reacted for horseradish
      peroxidase and endogenous acid phosphatase, all, and indeed only, the peroxidase
      labelled cells exhibit intense, clumped acid phosphatase activity which resists
      glutaraldehyde fixation. This is true of all cell types in both normal and
      operated embryos. Even healthy neurons exhibit acid phosphatase activity, but
      this can be distinguished, because it is largely inhibited by fixation with
      glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 6434495
TI  - The clusters of differentiation (CD) defined by the First International Workshop
      on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens.

PMID- 6434496
TI  - The hypoxia model in human psychopharmacology: neurophysiological and
      psychometric studies with aniracetam i.v.
AB  - Changes in human brain function and mental performance under hypoxic hypoxidosis
      as well as after intravenous injection of aniracetam - a new potentially
      nootropic 2-pyrrolidinone derivative - were investigated in a double-blind
      placebo-controlled study utilizing computer-assisted spectral analysis of the EEG
      and psychometric tests. Hypoxic hypoxidosis was induced by a fixed gas
      combination of 11.2% O2 and 88.8% N2, which was inhaled under normobaric
      conditions by 10 male healthy volunteers. The following substances were injected
      intravenously at weekly intervals according to a latin square design: placebo, 10
      mg and 100 mg aniracetam and the solvent under hypoxic conditions as well as
      placebo under normoxic conditions. Spectral analysis of the EEG recorded under
      hypoxia demonstrated neurophysiological alterations indicative of a deterioration
      in vigilance, which was also reflected by a deterioration in psychomotor activity
      and mnestic performance in the psychometric tests. Aniracetam i.v. attenuated the
      hypoxia-induced deterioration of brain function and mental performance, thus
      exhibiting protective properties against hypoxia in man. The usefulness of the
      hypoxia model in the screening of antihypoxidotic compounds is discussed.

PMID- 6434498
TI  - Chemopotentiation by CB 1954: the importance of postincubations and the possible
      involvement of poly(ADP-ribosylation).
AB  - CB 1954 potentiates the cytotoxic action of the bifunctional alkylating agent
      melphalan (L-PAM). In vitro, this potentiation does not require the preincubation
      in hypoxia normally needed for other nitroaromatic compounds such as
      misonidazole. Chemopotentiation is observed when cells are held in CB 1954 in air
      after treatment with L-PAM. This may reflect an inhibition of DNA repair
      process(es). Structural considerations suggested that CB 1954 might be acting as
      an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosylation). However, an inhibition of the drop in NAD
      levels consequent on exposure to melphalan was not obtained. Furthermore, unlike
      the known poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide, CB 1954 does not
      potentiate the cytotoxicity of the monofunctional alkylator N-methyl-N nitro N
      nitrosoguanidine, or inhibit NAD depletion caused by this agent. Therefore the
      evidence suggests that CB 1954 is not an inhibitor of poly(ADP ribosylation).

PMID- 6434497
TI  - Combination therapy with misonidazole and mitomycin C: lack of chemosensitization
      of EMT6 tumor cells in vivo or in vitro.
AB  - The effect of the nitroimidazole misonidazole on the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C
      was examined using EMT6 Rw tumors in mice and EMT6 cells in culture. In contrast
      to reports by others using a different tumor system, we were unable to detect any
      significant increase of mitomycin cytotoxicity by misonidazole in vivo using
      tumor cell survival or host toxicity endpoints. Studies with cells in vitro
      provided no evidence for marked chemosensitization of either hypoxic or aerobic
      cells.

PMID- 6434499
TI  - Enhanced accumulation of 5-fluorouracil in human tumors in athymic mice by co
      administration of Ftorafur and uracil.
AB  - Human colonic tumors grown in athymic mice were tested for the effect of
      coincident uracil (U) and Ftorafur (FT) exposure versus FT alone on 5
      Fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism. Serum and tumor FT and 5-FU levels were studied
      as a function of time after FT +/- U injections. The combination of U + FT led to
      significantly higher tumor/serum 5-FU ratios than FT alone. The data indicate
      that the metabolism of 5-FU released from FT can be modulated by coincident U
      exposure in human tumor cells in vivo. Such combinations may be of use in the
      development of oral 5-FU pro-drugs for applications using 5-FU as an out-patient
      non-invasive radiosensitizer.

PMID- 6434501
TI  - Economic decisions in food animal practice: to treat or not to treat?
AB  - The food animal practitioner is faced repeatedly with the dilemma of whether to
      intervene with treatment or to recommend sale of an animal for salvage value. An
      algorithm is presented that allows a clinician to choose between intervention or
      sale for salvage value in cases where the economics of the decision are not
      obvious. The algorithm allows an objective evaluation of the economic factors
      that are pertinent to such a decision. These factors are the cost of
      intervention, the salvage value of the animal, and the prognosis for a favorable
      outcome following intervention. A graphic approach has also been derived which
      allows rapid interpretation of the algorithm in field situations.

PMID- 6434500
TI  - Concurrent radiation, mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in poor prognosis carcinoma
      of cervix: preliminary results of a phase I-II study.
AB  - Between July 1981 and June 1983, 27 patients with advanced primary squamous cell
      carcinoma (SCC) of cervix (FIGO Stages IIIB, IVA or extensive nodal involvement)
      and 8 with recurrent disease were treated using a pilot regimen of combination
      chemotherapy (CT): Mitomycin C (MIT), 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU), and radiation
      therapy (RT). CT and RT doses on this Phase I-II Study were escalated to the
      current regimen. A split course of RT was used, either pelvic RT alone (4560 Gy
      in 28 fractions) or the same pelvic RT plus para-aortic RT (3600 Gy in 24
      fractions). CT was given: MIT 6 mg/M2 IV push day 1, and 5 FU 1.0 g/M2 (maximum
      daily 1.5 g) by continuous IV infusion days 1 through 4 of each half-course of
      RT. This was followed by one application of intrauterine 137Cs when possible.
      Three of the 8 patients with recurrence in the pelvis or para-aortic nodes had a
      complete response (CR) to CT-RT and are alive without disease at 19, 19 and 22
      months after treatment, respectively. Twenty of the 27 (74%) primary patients had
      a CR. With a median duration of follow-up of 6 months 4/20 have relapsed, 1 in RT
      field, 2 at distant sites, and 1 in both. Pelvic disease remains controlled in
      19/27 (70%) including one patient salvaged with surgery. The acute toxicity of
      this regimen was tolerable: 2/35 developed transient leukopenia with one febrile
      episode, 9/35 developed transient thrombocytopenia without bleeding. Symptomatic
      sigmoid strictures developed in two patients, one requiring surgical
      intervention. Sigmoid perforation occurred in one patient and contributed to
      death. Typically, near complete regression of tumor is noted on completion of the
      external RT, reproducing the dramatic responses that have been observed in SCC of
      the anal canal, esophagus and head and neck, with this CT-RT regimen. A Phase III
      Study is required to establish whether the enhanced response rates to CT-RT will
      result in increased pelvic control and cure rates compared to those after RT
      alone.

PMID- 6434502
TI  - Griseochelin, a novel carboxylic acid antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - Griseochelin, C33H60O7, isolated from an asporogenous strain of Streptomyces
      griseus represents a novel carboxylic acid antibiotic. The metabolite, which is
      active against Gram-positive bacteria, forms water-insoluble salts with mono- and
      divalent cations and binds alkaline-earth metal ions specifically in 2:1 (X2M)
      stoichiometry. Detailed spectral (IR, MS and NMR) studies provide full
      characterization of its constitution featuring a carboxylic acid function, a
      substituted tetrahydropyran ring, an allylic OH group which are accommodated
      within a tetrahydroxylated-octamethyl-C25 diene backbone.

PMID- 6434503
TI  - The effect of some antibiotics on endogenous phospholipase activity in rat liver.
AB  - In relation to a previous paper (J. Antibiotics 32: 734-739, 1979), the effect of
      some antibiotics on endogenous phospholipid degradation of rat liver was
      investigated by slice and perfusion techniques. Polymyxin B inhibited this
      degradation most strongly, benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol and peplomycin
      inhibited moderately, and carbenicillin, cephaloridine and streptomycin did not
      inhibit. Tetracaine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which are not
      antibiotics, also showed inhibitory effects. The results strongly suggest that
      besides their usual antibiotic actions, some antibiotics may participate in
      endogenous phospholipid metabolism and biomembrane functions of host cells.

PMID- 6434504
TI  - Comparison between the in-vitro activity of new agents on Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and other chronic infections.
AB  - The in-vitro activities of the newer antipseudomonal agents cefsulodin,
      ceftazidime, U-63196, aztreonam and piperacillin were compared, together with
      azlocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin and tobramycin against 98 strains of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On all of the 43 isolates from cystic fibrosis patients
      and the 55 strains from other chronically infected patients, ceftazidime (MIC90:
      5.0 and 2.8 mg/l respectively) and cefsulodin (MIC90: 8.2 and 3.1 mg/l) were the
      most active cephalosporins, and U-63196 the least active (MIC90: 40.1 and 46.1
      mg/l). A high incidence of resistance (23 of 55 strains) to tobramycin was found
      only in the non-cystic fibrosis isolates. The activity of the other agents was
      comparable in the cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis isolates. MIC90 for
      aztreonam were 15.8 and 13.6 mg/l. Piperacillin was the most active penicillin in
      both populations (MIC90: 25.8 and 21.8 mg/l). Cross resistance was demonstrated
      in both populations for the penicillin compounds.

PMID- 6434505
TI  - National survey of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The antibiotic susceptibility of 1866 consecutive non-replicate clinical isolates
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 24 British hospitals was examined. Antibiotics
      tested and resistance breakpoints selected were: carbenicillin (MIC greater than
      128 mg/l), azlocillin (greater than 32 mg/l), cefotaxime (greater than 16 mg/l),
      cefoperazone (greater than 16 mg/l), ceftazidime (greater than 16 mg/l), amikacin
      (greater than 4 mg/l) and gentamicin (greater than 2 mg/l). Resistance
      frequencies detected were: carbenicillin 9.6%, azlocillin 3.9%, cefotaxime 19.0%,
      cefoperazone 4.3%, ceftazidime 0.3%, amikacin 3.8%, and gentamicin 5.5%.

PMID- 6434506
TI  - Fungal glucoamylases.
AB  - Glucoamylase (alpha-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) from fungal sources is
      one of the microbial glycoproteins that has received considerable attention
      particularly because it is used in the commercial production of dextrose. Several
      investigators have isolated glucoamylase from various fungal sources. In many
      instances the presence of more than one form of enzyme is common. The enzymes
      from most sources have pH optima between 4 and 5 and exhibit maximum activity
      between 40 and 60 degrees C. The enzyme does not require any cofactors for
      activity or for stability. The enzyme has an Mr between 48,000 and 80,000 and
      usually has no subunit structure. The amino acid composition of multiple forms of
      glucoamylases differ in general, but all of them are glycoproteins. The
      carbohydrate content of the enzyme ranges from 3 to 30% containing mainly
      mannose, but glucose, galactose, and in some instances glucosamine and xylose are
      also present. In the enzyme from Aspergillus the carbohydrate structures are
      present as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide units linked O-glycosidically
      through mannose to the hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine. In the enzyme
      from Rhizopus part of the carbohydrate is present as disaccharide (Man-Man-)
      units linked O-glycosidically and the remainder is present as large
      heterosaccharide structures attached by N-glycosidic linkages involving aspargine
      and glucosamine. Carbohydrate moieties seem to have no influence on the enzyme
      activity or antigenicity but appear to stabilize the enzyme by preserving the
      three-dimensional structure.

PMID- 6434507
TI  - Isolation and properties of beta-galactosidase of a strain of Lactobacillus
      helveticus isolated from natural whey starter.
AB  - beta-Galactosidase has been isolated from Lactobacillus helveticus of a strain
      isolated from natural starters for the manufacture of Argentine hard cheeses and
      its properties have been studied. The enzyme was purified 14-fold (by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose 6B-DEAE-cellulose columns and by
      affinity chromatography in agarose-p-aminophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside). The
      purified extract exhibited a single band following polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Maximum enzymatic activity was observed at 42 degrees C and pH
      6.5 in 50 mM phosphate buffer. At pH values substantially different from the
      optimum, a positive cooperativity between substrate molecules was observed. The
      Km's for o-nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) and ONPG + 10 mM of lactose were 4.46 X
      10(-5) and 8.9 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Glucose, galactose, galactose 6
      phosphate, and lactate acted as noncompetitive inhibitors; MgCl2 protected the
      enzyme from thermal denaturation. The activation energy of enzymatic hydrolysis
      of ONPG was 11,400 cal/mol. The Mr was estimated to be 250,000. It is an
      oligomeric enzyme made of 4 subunits of Mr 65,000.

PMID- 6434508
TI  - beta-Xylosidase from Aspergillus niger 15: purification and properties.
AB  - Homogeneous (as judged by data from gel filtration, ultracentrifugation,
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS),
      and isoelectric focusing) beta-xylosidase showing beta-D-xylosidase, beta-D
      glucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and alpha-L-arabinosidase activities has been
      isolated from the hemicellulase preparation of the microscopic fungus Aspergillus
      niger 15 by ethanol fractionation and chromatography on Sephadex G-50, cellulose
      DE-52, and Sephadexes SP C-50 and G-200. The specific activity of the enzyme
      toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (p-NPX) increased 199-fold and was
      equal to 35.2 units/mg of protein; the activity yield was 43%. The sedimentation
      coefficient was equal to 10.6 S, and the molecular weight was 253,000 according
      to the gel filtration data and 122,000 according to the data from SDS
      electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was at pH 4.9. An amino acid analysis has
      shown that dicarboxylic and hydrophobic amino acids prevail in the enzyme. beta
      Xylosidase had no carbohydrate component, and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited
      its activity. The temperature optimum of beta-xylosidase activity toward p-NPX
      was at 70 degrees C, and the pH optimum was 3.8-4.0. The enzyme was stable at pH
      3 to 8 and did not lose its activity for 1 h at temperatures up to 50 degrees C.
      D-Xylose was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the beta-D-xylosidase
      activity of the enzyme with Ki = 2.9 mM. beta-Xylosidase showed transglycosylase
      activity.

PMID- 6434509
TI  - The 1980 William B. and Elizabeth S. Powell lecture: On purposes and politics:
      costs, prices and controls in the personal health services industry.

PMID- 6434510
TI  - Chromosomal mutation that affects excretion of hemolysin in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Two types of mutants unable to excrete hemolysin were obtained when E. coli 5K
      carrying the multicopy hemolytic recombinant plasmid pANN202-312 was mutagenized
      with Mu d1. One type is altered in the plasmid hly-specific gene, hlyBb, but the
      other is caused by an insertion of Mu d1 into a chromosomal locus.

PMID- 6434511
TI  - Bacillus cereus electron transport and proton motive force during aerotaxis.
AB  - Aerotaxis (migration towards oxygen) of Bacillus cereus M63, a motile strain, was
      inhibited by potassium cyanide and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide,
      indicating a requirement for both the terminal oxidase (cytochrome aa3) and the
      cytochrome b segment of the electron transport system. The concentration of
      oxygen that gave a half-maximal aerotactic response (K0.5) was 0.31 microM, which
      was similar to the Km for respiration (0.80 microM). The proton motive force
      increased from -135 to -177 mV when anaerobic cells were aerated, and it is
      proposed that the signal for aerotaxis is the increase in proton motive force
      that results from increased respiration. A strain of B. cereus T initially used
      in this study was immotile, grew as long chains of cells, and was deficient in
      autolytic enzyme. B. cereus M63 is a spontaneous derivative of B. cereus T that
      has normal motility.

PMID- 6434512
TI  - Regulation of transcription of the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase locus: studies with pck-lacZ operon fusions.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli containing genetic fusions of lacZ to the pck
      (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) locus were isolated by using Mu d(lacZ Ampr)
      bacteriophage. Synthesis of beta-galactosidase in these strains is regulated by
      cyclic AMP and glucose (catabolite repression). Synthesis of beta-galactosidase
      by pck-lacZ fusions was induced in log-phase cells growing on gluconeogenic
      media, was repressed by glucose, and was also induced up to 100-fold at the onset
      of stationary phase in LB medium. This stationary-phase induction required cyclic
      AMP and some other unknown regulatory signal.

PMID- 6434513
TI  - envZ mediates transcriptional control by local anesthetics but is not required
      for osmoregulation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Expression of a particular set of exported protein genes (ompF, ompC, phoA, and
      malE) can be specifically altered in three ways: variation in the osmotic
      strength of the growth medium, mutations in the regulatory locus envZ, or
      treatment with sublethal concentrations of the local anesthetic procaine. To
      clarify relationships among these factors in the regulation of transcription,
      expression of the affected genes was compared in envZ+ and envZ22(Am) mutant
      strains grown in media of differing osmolarities with and without procaine. Loss
      of the envZ product resulted in complete resistance of gene expression to
      procaine, supporting the hypothesis that envZ mediates procaine inhibition. The
      specific activity of the phoA product, alkaline phosphatase, was elevated in
      envZ22 mutant strains, while the amounts of both the OmpC and OmpF porins were
      reduced. Osmotic control of phoA and ompC was retained in the absence of envZ
      function, but osmoregulation of ompF was lost. Therefore, the envZ product is
      somehow involved in the complex regulation of all four target genes, but is not
      solely responsible for osmoregulation.

PMID- 6434514
TI  - Plasmidless, photosynthetically incompetent mutants of Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Ethyl methanesulfonate rendered a high percentage of Rhodospirillum rubrum cells
      plasmidless and photosynthetically incompetent (Kuhl et al., J. Bacteriol.
      156:737-742, 1983). By probing restriction endonuclease-digested chromosomal DNA
      from these plasmidless strains with 32P-labeled R. rubrum plasmid DNA, we showed
      that no homology exists between the plasmid and the chromosomal DNA of the
      mutant. Loss of the plasmid in all the nonphotosynthetic isolates was accompanied
      by the synthesis of spirilloxanthin under aerobic growth conditions, resistance
      to cycloserine and HgCl2, and loss of ability to grow fermentatively on fructose.
      Changes in both the protein and lipid composition of the membranes and the
      impaired uptake of 203HgCl2 in the plasmidless strains (compared with the wild
      type) suggest either that membrane modification occurs as a result of plasmid
      loss, accounting for several of the acquired phenotype characteristics of the
      cured strains, or that both membrane modification and plasmid loss are part of
      the same pleiotropic mutation.

PMID- 6434515
TI  - Synthesis of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid in Bacillus subtilis: role of the
      electrochemical proton gradient.
AB  - The effects of several ionophores and uncouplers on glycerol and N
      acetylglucosamine incorporation by Bacillus subtilis 61360, a glycerol auxotroph,
      were tested at different pH values. In particular, the effect of valinomycin on
      the synthesis of teichoic acid and peptidoglycan was examined in more detail in
      both growing cells and in vitro biosynthetic systems. Valinomycin inhibited
      synthesis of wall teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in whole cells but not in the
      comparable in vitro systems. It did not inhibit formation of free lipid or
      lipoteichoic acid. The results were consistent with a role for the
      electrochemical proton gradient in maintaining full activity of cell wall
      synthetic enzymes in intact cells. Such an energy source would be required for a
      model in which rotation or reorientation of synthetic enzyme complexes is
      envisaged for the translocation of wall precursor molecules across the
      cytoplasmic membrane (Harrington and Baddiley, J. Bacteriol. 155:776-792, 1983).

PMID- 6434516
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an alginase from mucoid strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which produce an alginate-like slime
      polysaccharide were shown to also synthesize an intracellular enzyme which can
      degrade these polysaccharides and the seaweed alginic acids. The enzyme acts as
      an eliminase introducing delta 4,5 unsaturation into the uronic acid moiety. It
      appears to be a polymannuronide lyase which degrades the polysaccharides,
      depending on their uronic acid composition, to a series of oligosaccharides, the
      smallest of which is a disaccharide. L-Guluronic acid linkages are not split. The
      Pseudomonas alginase resembles other bacterial alginases and enzymes from
      molluscs but differs in some important properties, such as extent of degradation
      and linkage preference. Nonmucoid forms of the organism produce detectable but
      much lower amounts of enzyme.

PMID- 6434517
TI  - Anaerobic and leucine-dependent expression of a peptide transport gene in
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Using Mu d1-mediated lac operon fusions, we studied the transcriptional
      regulation of the genes encoding two peptide transport systems, the oligopeptide
      permease and the tripeptide permease. The four opp genes were found to be
      constitutively expressed, whereas the genes encoding the tripeptide permease are
      under a complex set of regulatory controls. Two loci, tppA and tppB, are required
      for tripeptide permease function. Locus tppA is shown to be a positive regulator
      of tppB expression. In addition, tppB expression is specifically induced by
      exogeneous leucine or by anaerobiosis. Anaerobic induction of tppB is independent
      of the fnr gene product which is required for the anaerobic expression of several
      respiratory enzymes. Thus, there must be at least two distinct pathways for the
      anaerobic regulation of gene expression.

PMID- 6434518
TI  - Study of regulation and transport of hemolysin by using fusion of the beta
      galactosidase gene (lacZ) to hemolysin genes.
AB  - Operon and gene fusions between lacZ and the hemolysin genes, hlyC and hlyA, were
      performed. These two genes are essential for the synthesis of active hemolysin
      and are transcribed from a common promoter (p1). Whereas the amount of hemolysin
      produced in Escherichia coli is not changed by altering the hly gene dose, beta
      galactosidase activity follows the gene dosage in both types of fusions when lacZ
      comes under the control of p1. This indicates that hemolysin is not negatively
      regulated on the transcription or translation level. The products of the gene
      fusions hlyC::lacZ and hlyA::lacZ were identified in maxicells as stable proteins
      of 146,000 and 220,000 daltons, respectively. Both fusion proteins possess beta
      galactosidase activity indicating that the performed fusions of lacZ to the hly
      genes do not destroy the reading frame of hlyC and hlyA. The fusion proteins HlyC
      beta-gal and HlyA-beta-gal were predominantly detected in the cytoplasm,
      confirming previous data which suggested that the primary gene products of hlyC
      and hlyA are not transported across the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 6434520
TI  - Mutagenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: absence of error-prone repair.
AB  - The lethal and mutagenic effects of various mutagens on Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      were investigated. Lethality studies demonstrated that N. gonorrhoeae was
      relatively sensitive to ethyl methanesulfonate, UV light, and methyl
      methanesulfonate. Although N. gonorrhoeae was readily mutated by ethyl
      methanesulfonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine for the three genetic
      markers assayed, no increase in the mutation frequency was observed for any of
      the selective markers after UV irradiation or methyl methanesulfonate treatment.
      These results suggest that N. gonorrhoeae lacks an error-prone repair mechanism.

PMID- 6434519
TI  - Methylammonium transport in Anacystis nidulans R-2.
AB  - Methylammonium was taken up rapidly by illuminated cells of Anacystis nidulans R
      2, leading to internal concentrations of 1.3 +/- 0.1 mM within 1 min, and a
      gradient of up to 200 between the cells and medium. Accumulation of 14CH3NH3+
      required at least 5 mM NaCl, but the uptake rate was independent of medium pH
      between 6.5 and 9. The kinetics of uptake could be resolved into an initial fast
      phase lasting less than 1 min (approximate Km, 7.2 microM; Vmax, 12.5 nmol min-1
      mg of protein-1 at 15 degrees C). A second, slower phase associated with product
      formation was eliminated by preincubation with methionine sulfoximine, a specific
      inhibitor of glutamine synthetase; the rapid phase was unaffected by this
      treatment. Ammonium ions competed with 14CH3NH3+ for entry, and addition of 5
      microM NH4+ or 100 microM CH3NH3+ released 14CH3NH3+ accumulated during the rapid
      phase of entry. Small additions of NH4+ made at the same time as additions of
      14CH3NH3+ delayed the start of radioactivity uptake by a time which corresponded
      accurately with the period needed for the complete removal of the added NH4+. The
      effects of inhibitors on accumulation and carbocyanine dye fluorescence suggest
      that ATP-dependent membrane potential was needed to drive 14CH3NH3+ transport.
      Spheroplasts were as active as whole cells in accumulating NH4+ and 14CH3NH3+,
      indicating that soluble periplasmic components are not involved in the
      translocation. Some significant differences between the translocation of 14CH3NH3
      and that of NH4+ were observed: growth with NH4+ in place of NO3- repressed
      14CH3NH3+ accumulation ability without affecting the NH4+ uptake rate Na+ was not
      required for NH4+ uptake, and concentration of KCl inhibitory with 14C3NH3+ did
      not reduce NH4+ uptake.

PMID- 6434521
TI  - Transport of mevalonate by Pseudomonas sp. strain M.
AB  - Pseudomonas sp. M, isolated from soil by elective culture on R,S-mevalonate as
      the sole source of carbon, possessed an inducible transport system for
      mevalonate. This high-affinity system had a pH optimum of 7.0, a temperature
      optimum of 30 degrees C, a Km for R,S-mevalonate of 88 microM, and a V max of 26
      nmol of mevalonate transported per min/mg of cells (dry weight). Transport was
      energy dependent since azide, cyanide, or m-chlorophenylhydrazone caused complete
      cessation of transport activity. Transport of mevalonate was highly substrate
      specific. Of the 16 structural analogs of mevalonate tested, only acetoacetate,
      mevinolin, and mevaldehyde significantly inhibited transport. Growth of cells on
      mevalonate induced transport activity by 40- to 65-fold over that observed in
      cells grown on alternate carbon sources. A biphasic pattern for cell growth, as
      well as for induction of mevalonate transport activity, was observed when
      mevalonate was added to a culture actively growing on glucose. The induction of
      transport activity under these conditions began within 30 min after the addition
      of mevalonate and reached 60% of maximal activity during phase I. A further
      increase in mevalonate transport activity occurred during phase II of growth.
      Glucose was the preferred carbon source for growth during phase I, whereas
      mevalonate was preferred during phase II. Only one isomer of the R,S-mevalonate
      mixture appeared to be utilized, since growth ceased after 45 to 50% of the total
      mevalonate was depleted from the medium. However, nearly 30% of the preferred
      mevalonate isomer was depleted from the medium during phase I without significant
      metabolism to CO2. These results suggest that mevalonate or a mevalonate
      catabolite may accumulate in cells of Pseudomonas sp. M during phase I and that
      glucose metabolism may inhibit or repress the expression of enzymes further along
      the mevalonate catabolic pathway.

PMID- 6434522
TI  - Properties of ATP-dependent protein kinase from Streptococcus pyogenes that
      phosphorylates a seryl residue in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the
      phosphotransferase system.
AB  - Transport of sugars across the cytoplasmic membranes of gram-positive bacteria
      appears to be regulated by the action of a metabolite-activated, ATP-dependent
      protein kinase that phosphorylates a seryl residue in the phosphocarrier protein
      of the phosphotransferase system, HPr. We have developed a quantitative assay for
      measuring the activity of this enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes. The product of
      the in vitro protein kinase-catalyzed reaction was shown to be phosphoseryl-HPr
      by several independent criteria (rates of hydrolysis in the presence of various
      agents, detection of serine-phosphate in acid hydrolysates, immunological assay,
      and electrophoretic migration rates). HPrs isolated from four different gram
      positive bacteria (S. pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus,
      and Bacillus subtilis) were shown to be phosphorylated by the kinase from S.
      pyogenes. In contrast, Escherichia coli HPr was not a substrate of this enzyme.
      The soluble kinase released from the particulate fraction of the cells with high
      salt in the presence of a protease inhibitor was shown to have an approximate
      molecular weight of 60,000 as estimated by gel filtration. Its activity was
      dependent on divalent cations, with Mg2+ and Mn2+ being most active. EDTA, Pi,
      and high concentrations of salt were strongly inhibitory. The enzyme was
      optimally active at pH 7.0, exhibited high affinity for its substrates, and was
      dependent on the presence of one of several metabolites. Of these compounds,
      fructose 1-6-diphosphate was most active, with gluconate 6-phosphate, 2
      phosphoglycerate, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate
      exhibiting moderate to low stimulatory activities. Other compounds tested,
      including a variety of sugar phosphates, pyridine nucleotides, and other
      metabolites were without effect. The ATP-dependent phosphorylation of HPr on the
      seryl residue was strongly inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent
      phosphorylation of the active histidyl residue of this protein. Treatment of the
      kinase with diethyl pyrocarbonate strongly inhibited the ATP-dependent
      phosphorylation activity, although the sulfhydryl reagents N-ethylmaleimide, p
      chloromercuribenzoate, and iodoacetate were without effect. These results serve
      to characterize the HPr (serine) kinase, which apparently regulates the rates of
      carbohydrate transport in streptococcal cells via the phosphotransferase system.
      A primary role of this kinase in the control of cellular inducer levels and
      carbohydrate metabolic rates is proposed.

PMID- 6434523
TI  - Novel inducers of the xylan-degrading enzyme system of Cryptococcus albidus.
AB  - A series of compounds structurally related to xylan and 1,4-beta-xylobiose were
      tested as inducers of the xylan-degrading enzyme system of Cryptococcus albidus.
      Washed, glucose-grown cells were incubated with alpha- and beta-linked
      xylobioses, 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinopyranose, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl
      xylobiose, 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-cellobiose, cellobiose, and methyl beta-D
      xylopyranoside. All alpha-xylobioses and cellobiose were inactive as inducers of
      the xylan-degrading enzyme system. Other compounds served as inducers of varying
      efficiency, depending on their concentration in the induction medium and the time
      of incubation of cells. The most rapid response of the cells, i.e., the shortest
      induction period of beta-xyloside permease, beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), and
      beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), was observed with 1,4-beta-xylobiose, which was the
      most efficient inducer at low concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 mM). At higher
      concentrations (2 to 10 mM) and after long incubations, the highest enzyme yields
      were obtained with 1,2-beta-xylobiose. The results represent a new example of
      efficient induction of polysaccharide-degrading enzyme systems by positional
      isomers of dimers derived from the polysaccharide.

PMID- 6434524
TI  - Construction of a Bacillus subtilis double mutant deficient in extracellular
      alkaline and neutral proteases.
AB  - A mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis carrying lesions in the structural genes for
      extracellular neutral (nprE) and serine (aprA) proteases was constructed by the
      gene conversion technique. This mutant had less than 4% of the extracellular
      protease activity of the wild type and sporulated normally, indicating that
      neither of these sporulation-associated proteases is essential for development.

PMID- 6434525
TI  - Effects of cultivation gas phase on hydrogenase of the acetogen Clostridium
      thermoaceticum.
AB  - The effect of cultivation gas phase on the expression and activity of hydrogenase
      in heterotrophic cultures of Clostridium thermoaceticum was examined. Of the five
      gas phases tested, hydrogenase was maximal from cells cultivated under CO.
      Correlations were observed between the level of hydrogenase and the evolution of
      H2 by growing cultures. Activity stains of polyacrylamide gels revealed a single
      hydrogenase band in CO2 cells and multiple hydrogenase bands in CO cells.

PMID- 6434526
TI  - Respiratory system of vegetative and sporulating Bacillus cereus.
AB  - The composition and organization of the Bacillus cereus respiratory system were
      studied. The abolition of NADH-dependent respiration in vegetative and
      sporulating cell membranes by near-UV light (360 nm) indicated that electrons
      reduce oxygen only through a quinone-cytochrome pathway. Difference spectroscopy
      demonstrated the presence of cytochromes b555, c548, aa3, b562, and a2. This
      composition and studies with respiratory inhibitors suggested that cytochromes
      are organized in at least two branches, one being highly sensitive to cyanide.

PMID- 6434527
TI  - Regulatory role of phosphate and other anions in transport of ADP and ATP by
      Rickettsia prowazekii.
AB  - ADP and ATP were transported in Rickettsia prowazekii by an obligate exchange
      system without prior hydrolysis. The uptake of ATP and ADP by the obligate
      exchange system in R. prowazekii was dependent upon the anionic composition of
      the medium. The rate of transport of ATP was about three times greater than that
      of ADP in the absence of anions, and the rates of transport of both were about
      doubled by a variety of anions. However, phosphate anions were able to stimulate
      greatly the uptake of ADP so that in the presence of these anions, the uptake of
      ATP and that of ADP were about equal. Millimolar concentrations of anions were
      required to elicit the stimulation of ADP and ATP transport. The ADP-dependent
      efflux of ADP and ATP was also greatly stimulated by phosphate anions. The
      stimulation of ADP and ATP transport required that the anions be present in the
      external medium, as preincubation of the rickettsiae with phosphate anions was
      neither necessary nor sufficient. The competitive inhibition of ATP uptake by ADP
      required phosphate anions, indicating that phosphate anions increased the
      affinity of ADP for the transport system. The role of phosphate in the regulation
      of ATP and ADP exchange and its significance are discussed.

PMID- 6434529
TI  - Familial hyperlysinemias. Purification and characterization of the bifunctional
      aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase with lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and
      saccharopine dehydrogenase activities.
AB  - Familial hyperlysinemias are autosomal recessive disorders in the oxidative
      degradation of lysine. Hyperlysinemia type I is associated with a combined
      deficiency in lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase
      activities, the first two sequential steps in the lysine degradative pathway. In
      familial hyperlysinemia type II, only saccharopine dehydrogenase activity is
      deficient. We report here that these reductase and dehydrogenase activities occur
      on a single protein based on the following findings. (i) The activity ratio of
      reductase/dehydrogenase remained constant (close to unity) throughout a 500-fold
      purification of both enzyme activities from mitochondrial extracts of baboon and
      bovine livers. The activity profiles of the reductase and the dehydrogenase
      superimpose on each other as the enzyme was eluted from DEAE-cellulose and
      Sephacryl S-300 columns. (ii) Activity-staining of the native polyacrylamide gel
      showed that both activities migrated the same distance toward the anode. (iii)
      The highly purified enzyme with the reductase and dehydrogenase activities showed
      a single polypeptide band of Mr = 115,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native enzyme from baboon and bovine
      livers has an apparent Mr of 468,000 (Stokes radius = 69.5 A) as determined by
      gel filtration, which suggests a tetrameric structure of identical subunits. The
      presence in mammalian tissues of a single protein catalyzing both the reductase
      and dehydrogenase reactions explains the combined enzyme deficiency observed in
      hyperlysinemia type I. We propose that the bifunctional enzyme be called
      aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase.

PMID- 6434528
TI  - Molecular basis of isozyme formation of beta-galactosidases in Bacillus
      stearothermophilus: isolation of two beta-galactosidase genes, bgaA and bgaB.
AB  - Bacillus stearothermophilus IAM11001 produced three beta-galactosidases, beta
      galactosidase I, II, and III (beta-gal I, II, and III), which are detectable by
      polyacrylamide (nondenatured) gel electrophoresis. By connecting restriction
      fragments of the chromosomal DNA to plasmid vectors, followed by transformation
      of Escherichia coli, two beta-galactosidase genes (bgaA and bgaB) located close
      to each other on the chromosome were isolated. Identification of the gene
      products and Southern hybridization analyses with a 2.7-kilobase-pair EcoRI
      fragment containing the bgaA gene as probe revealed that a single bgaA gene
      exists on the genome and that beta-gal II and beta-gal III consist of a common
      subunit (the bgaA gene product; molecular weight, 120,000), but differ in their
      assembly (beta-gal II is a dimer, and beta-gal III is a tetramer). The bgaB gene
      product (molecular weight, 70,000) in Bacillus subtilis harboring pHG5 (a hybrid
      plasmid consisting of pUB110 and a 2.9-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment) was
      estimated to be the beta-gal I protein from its heat stability. Southern
      hybridization and immunological testing indicated that the two genes have no
      homology.

PMID- 6434530
TI  - In vitro association and phosphorylation of polyoma virus middle T antigen by
      cellular tyrosyl kinase activity.
AB  - We have observed increased phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the polyoma
      virus middle tumor antigen (MTAg) in in vitro kinase assays of the immune
      complexes immunoprecipitated from lysates of polyoma virus-infected mouse embryo
      cells to which increasing amounts of uninfected mouse embryo cell lysate had been
      added. The components from uninfected mouse cells responsible for increased MTAg
      phosphorylation were localized by subcellular fractionation to the plasma
      membrane and found to be sensitive to protease digestion, N-ethylmaleimide, and
      5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine inactivation. The majority of the membrane
      associated activity responsible for the increased MTAg phosphorylation in these
      assays could be cleared from lysates of uninfected mouse cell lysates by
      centrifugation after reaction with Sepharose-bound monoclonal antibodies which
      recognize pp60c-src. These results suggest that MTAg can associate with cellular
      tyrosyl kinases in vitro and be phosphorylated by these enzymes in immune-complex
      kinase assays. The identity of at least one of these cellular tryosyl kinases
      which can associate with MTAg in vitro is likely to be pp60c-src.

PMID- 6434531
TI  - [3H]guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid binding to tissue homogenates. Selective
      labeling of enkephalin convertase.
AB  - [3H]Guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid (GEMSA), a potent inhibitor of enkephalin
      convertase, binds to membrane and soluble fractions of tissue homogenates
      saturably and reversibly with a KD of 6 nM. Specific binding accounts for greater
      than 95% of total binding. The highest levels of [3H]GEMSA binding occur in the
      pituitary gland and the brain, with much lower levels in peripheral tissues.
      GEMSA, guanidinopropylsuccinic acid, 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinothiopropionic
      acid, aminopropylmercaptosuccinic acid, [Leu] enkephalin-Arg, and [Met]enkephalin
      Arg inhibit [3H] GEMSA binding to crude rat brain homogenates, to crude bovine
      pituitary homogenates, and to pure enkephalin convertase with equal potencies.
      Their Ki values against [3H]GEMSA binding are similar to their Ki values against
      enkephalin convertase activity. EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline markedly inhibit
      both binding and enzymatic activity. The ratio of the Vmax for 5
      dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-Phe-Leu-Arg to the Bmax (maximal number of
      binding sites) for [3H]GEMSA is about 2,000 min-1 in both pure enzyme
      preparations and crude tissue homogenates. [3H] GEMSA binding activity is found
      only in fractions containing enkephalin convertase during enzyme purification
      from bovine pituitary by L-arginine affinity chromatography. These data confirm
      that [3H]GEMSA binds only to enkephalin convertase in crude homogenates under our
      assay conditions. CoCl2 activates enzyme activity without altering the Ki of
      GEMSA against enzymatic hydrolysis and weakly inhibits [3H] GEMSA binding by
      increasing the KD.

PMID- 6434532
TI  - Thermal stability of human plasma fibronectin and its constituent domains.
AB  - Human plasma fibronectin undergoes thermal denaturation with a midpoint between
      62 and 64 degrees C. The irreversible transition is characterized by an increase
      in the intensity and wavelength of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, by an
      increase in the ability to enhance the fluorescence of 1,8-anilinonaphthalene
      sulfonate, and by an increase in the fluorescence polarization of covalently
      attached fluorescein. Addition of molecules which bind to fibronectin with high
      affinity, e.g. gelatin or heparin, had no stabilizing effect. This was attributed
      to the presence of multiple domains, all of which must be stabilized to prevent
      denaturation and aggregation. Further support for this interpretation came from
      studies of six different proteolytic fragments of fibronectin which collectively
      span almost the entire molecule. Cell-binding fragments derived from the central
      regions of the chain were least stable, exhibiting behavior similar to that of
      the whole protein. Fragments derived from the C-terminal regions were more stable
      by 7-8 degrees C, and those derived from the N-terminal region showed no thermal
      transition by any of the fluorescence parameters up to 85 degrees C in some
      experiments. A fluorescein-labeled 60-kilodalton gelatin-binding fragment which
      had been heated to 70 degrees C produced an increase in polarization upon
      addition of gelatin with Kd = 1.3 X 10(-7) M, similar to that of an unheated
      control. The intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the fragments had maxima which
      decreased progressively from 335 nm at the N terminus to 313 nm at the C
      terminus. These observations further elaborate the multidomain structure of human
      plasma fibronectin and reveal significant differences between the tertiary
      structure and stabilities of the various domains.

PMID- 6434533
TI  - Changes in asparagine-linked sugar chains of human promyelocytic leukemic cells
      (HL-60) during monocytoid differentiation and myeloid differentiation. Decrease
      of high-molecular-weight oligosaccharides in acidic fraction.
AB  - Asialo-oligosaccharides obtained by sialidase digestion of asparagine-linked
      acidic sugar chains of promyelocytic leukemic cells (HL-60) differed in size
      distribution from those of cells induced to undergo myeloid or monocytoid
      differentiation. High-molecular-weight oligosaccharides which are predominant in
      HL-60 cells, decreased slightly during myeloid differentiation and markedly
      during monocytoid differentiation with concomitant increase of biantennary
      oligosaccharides. Structural analyses revealed that the induced monocytoid cells
      contain a series of complex-type oligosaccharides with bi-, tri-, and
      tetraantennary structures and high-molecular-weight oligosaccharides with N
      acetyllactosamine repeating units, which show diversity in the presence or
      absence of the fucose residue linked to the reducing terminal N
      acetylglucosamine, of the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residue, and of the X
      antigenic determinant in their outer chain moieties. Methylation analysis of each
      class of oligosaccharides of HL-60 cells and of their differentiated counterparts
      revealed the presence of similar heterogeneity in their structures, indicating
      that the difference is only quantitative. The results show that the shifts in
      size of the oligosaccharides found in the differentiated cells are derived from
      changes in outer chain formation and elongation of N-acetyllactosamine repeating
      units, and thus suggests that the decreased expression of N
      acetylglucosaminyltransferases may be involved especially in the monocytoid
      differentiation program.

PMID- 6434534
TI  - Primary structure of human triosephosphate isomerase.
AB  - Human placental triosephosphate isomerase was isolated by an improved procedure
      and recovered with the highest specific activity ever reported. Employing this
      purification procedure, sufficient amounts of the enzyme were obtained for
      detailed primary structural studies. For sequences analysis, the enzyme was
      reduced and carboxymethylated and subjected to tryptic and chymotryptic
      digestions. The peptide mixtures were separated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography using octyl or alkylphenyl reverse-phase columns and
      trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile gradient elution systems. Sequence analyses of
      the intact enzyme, tryptic, chymotryptic, and cyanogen bromide peptides were
      accomplished using high-sensitivity solid-phase sequencing procedures with either
      4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate or phenylisothiocyanate. The
      primary structure of human triosephosphate isomerase is constructed from the
      alignment of the tryptic peptides with the analysis of the overlapping
      chymotryptic peptides. The enzyme is a dimeric molecule consisting of two
      identical polypeptide chains with 248 amino acid residues and a calculated
      subunit molecular mass of 26,750 daltons. A comparison of the amino acid
      sequences from the human placental enzyme and from other species such as rabbit,
      chicken, and coelacanth muscles showed relatively high sequence homology,
      indicating that the evolution of the enzyme is very conservative. The amino acids
      of the active-site pocket and the subunit-subunit contact sites exhibit few
      changes.

PMID- 6434535
TI  - 1-O-alkyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. A common source of platelet
      activating factor and arachidonate in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - 1-O-[3H]Alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-lyso-GPC)
      incubated with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) for 30 min is metabolized
      to 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-GPC containing greater than 80% arachidonate at the 2
      position (Chilton, F. H., O'Flaherty, J. T., Ellis, J. M., Swendsen, C. L., and
      Wykle, R. L. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7268-7271). PMN containing 1-O-[3H]alkyl
      2-arachidonoyl-GPC incorporated into their cellular phospholipids in this manner
      were stimulated with Ca2+ ionophore (A23187). Within 5 min after stimulation,
      14%, 7%, and 7% of the total 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC in the cells had
      been converted to 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-GPC (platelet-activating factor), 1-O
      [3H]alkyl-2-lyso-GPC, and 3H-labeled neutral lipid, respectively. Stimulation by
      opsonized zymosan yielded similar results. In related studies, cells were labeled
      with 1-O-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC containing a [methyl-14C] choline moiety.
      The nature of the long-chain acyl residues in the sn-2 position of the labeled 1
      O-hexadecyl-2-acyl-GPC remaining after stimulation with A23187 was examined.
      Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography using synthetic 1-O-hexadecyl
      2-acyl-GPC standards indicated there is a time-dependent loss of arachidonate
      from the 2 position of the labeled 1-O-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC followed by
      reacylation by other fatty acids (primarily linoleic and oleic). This shift in
      the acylation pattern exhibited after Ca2+ ionophore stimulation was further
      examined in PMN preincubated with A23187 and subsequently incubated with labeled
      1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-GPC; the stimulated cells produced 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-GPC
      (greater than 15% of total label) and 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-GPC containing
      linoleic acid and oleic acid, rather than arachidonic acid in the sn-2 position.
      The findings demonstrate that upon stimulation of PMN, 1-O-alkyl-2-arachidonoyl
      GPC can yield arachidonate and 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-GPC; the 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-GPC
      formed may be acetylated producing platelet-activating factor or reacylated with
      fatty acyl residues other than arachidonate.

PMID- 6434536
TI  - Insulin-induced rapid decrease of a major protein in fat cell plasma membranes.
AB  - In order to increase our understanding of the mode of action of insulin in rat
      fat cells, we investigated the effect of insulin on protein concentrations in
      purified fat cell fractions using two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination
      with an ultrasensitive color silver stain technique. Incubation of fat cells with
      insulin caused a 90% decrease in the plasma membrane concentration of a major
      plasma membrane protein with a molecular mass of 90 kDa. The insulin effect was
      dose-dependent with a half-maximal effect at 9.5 microunits/ml, and time
      dependent with a t 1/2 of less than 20 s. Insulin-like growth factor I,
      orthovanadate, and lanthanum mimicked the effect of insulin. Likewise,
      fractionation of adipocytes in the presence of divalent cation chelating agents
      caused a similar reduction in the concentration of the 90 kDa protein, and it was
      possible to overcome the effects of the chelating agents by adding equivalent
      amounts of calcium. This suggests the involvement of calcium. The 90 kDa protein
      was also found in low and high density microsomes, but it was not affected in
      those fractions by either insulin or chelators. It is suggested from the study
      that the movement of a 90 kDa protein in fat cell plasma membranes probably
      represents part of the transmission system in the mechanism of insulin action in
      rat adipocytes.

PMID- 6434537
TI  - The biosynthesis of hypusine (N epsilon-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine).
      Alignment of the butylamine segment and source of the secondary amino nitrogen.
AB  - The unusual amino acid hypusine is produced in a single protein of mammalian
      cells by a novel posttranslational event in which a lysine residue is conjugated
      with the four-carbon moiety from the polyamine spermidine to form an intermediate
      deoxyhypusine, and in which this intermediate is subsequently hydroxylated.
      Specifically isotopically labeled precursors of hypusine were used to identify
      the biosynthetic origin of some of the atoms of hypusine and thus to provide
      further insight into the mechanism of this in vivo chemical modification
      reaction. Radiolabel from [1,4-3H] putrescine, [1,8-3H]spermidine, and [5
      3H]spermidine entered hypusine during growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The
      occurrence of this label at positions 1 and 4, at position 4, and at position 1,
      respectively, in the 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl portion of hypusine revealed an
      alignment of atoms identical to that in the butylamine segment of spermidine.
      Growth of cells with [epsilon-15N]lysine as the source of lysine yielded hypusine
      enriched in 15N, whereas only isotope-free hypusine during growth by [4
      15N]spermidine. These was found in cells whose spermidine was replaced during
      growth by [4-15N]spermidine. These findings are in accordance with a proposal
      that the first phase of hypusine biosynthesis, the production of intermediate
      deoxyhypusine, occurs through transfer of the butylamine moiety from spermidine
      to the epsilon-amino nitrogen of protein-bound lysine. The technique of
      thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry provided
      positive identification of 15N in hypusine through final separation and on-column
      direct analysis of this amino acid. Methods of preparation are given for
      spermidine of high specific radioactivity, labeled specifically at position 5
      with 3H, and for spermidine with 15N at the 4-position.

PMID- 6434538
TI  - Characterization of lipoprotein particles isolated by immunoaffinity
      chromatography. Particles containing A-I and A-II and particles containing A-I
      but no A-II.
AB  - Two populations of A-I-containing lipoprotein particles: A-I-containing
      lipoprotein with A-II (Lp (A-I with A-II], and A-I-containing lipoprotein without
      A-II (Lp (A-I without A-II] have been isolated from plasma of 10 normolipidemic
      subjects by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized. Both types of
      particles possess alpha-electrophoretic mobility and hydrated density in the
      range of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Lp (A-I without A-II) and Lp (A
      I with A-II) are heterogeneous in size. Lp (A-I without A-II) comprised two
      distinct particle sizes with mean apparent molecular weight and Stokes diameter
      of 3.01 X 10(5), and 10.8 nm for Lp (A-I without A-II)1, and 1.64 X 10(5), and
      8.5 nm for Lp (A-I without A-II)2. Lp (A-I with A-II) usually contained particles
      of at least three distinct molecular sizes with mean apparent molecular weight
      and Stokes diameter of 2.28 X 10(5) and 9.6 nm for Lp (A-I with A-II)1, 1.80 X
      10(5) and 8.9 nm for Lp (A-I with A-II)2, and 1.25 X 10(5) and 8.0 nm for Lp (A-I
      with A-II)3. Apoproteins C, D, and E, and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase
      (LCAT) were detected in both Lp (A-I without A-II) and Lp (A-I with A-II) with
      most of the apoprotein D, and E, and LCAT (EC 2.3.1.43) in Lp (A-I with A-II)
      particles. Lp (A-I without A-II) had a slightly higher lipid/protein ratio than
      Lp (A-I with A-II). Lp (A-I with A-II) had an A-I/A-II molar ratio of
      approximately 2:1. The percentage of plasma A-I associated with Lp (A-I without A
      II) was highly correlated with the A-I/A-II ratio of plasma (r = 0.96, n = 10).
      The variation in A-I/A-II ratio of HDL density subfractions therefore reflects
      different proportions of two discrete types of particles: particles containing A
      I and A-II in a nearly constant ratio and particles containing A-II but no A-II.
      Each type of particle is heterogeneous in size and in apoprotein composition.

PMID- 6434539
TI  - Primary and secondary structure of 7-3 (K) RNA of Novikoff hepatoma.
AB  - 7-3 RNA (also known as K-RNA and 7SK-RNA) is a distinct small RNA found in insect
      to mammalian cells. Previous studies showed that this RNA is not capped, contains
      no modified nucleotides, is conserved through evolution, is synthesized by RNA
      polymerase III, and, in part, is associated by polyribosomes. In this study, the
      complete nucleotide sequence of 7-3 RNA was determined by RNA-sequencing methods,
      and the sequence is compared with several small RNAs and repetitive DNA sequences
      for homology. This 330-nucleotide-long RNA contained pppGp as its 5' terminus and
      exhibited heterogeneity with respect to the 3'-terminal AoH. The nucleotide
      sequence is: (sequence in text) The RNA is G-C rich, and evidence is presented
      that 7-3 RNA is in a ribonucleoprotein particle in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6434540
TI  - Mouse liver testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(16) alpha).
      Purification, regioselectivity, stereospecificity, and immunochemical
      characterization.
AB  - Microsomal testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(16) alpha) was
      purified from the livers of male 129/J mice based on enzyme activity in the
      eluates from columns of DEAE Bio-Gel A, hydroxylapatite, and isobutyl-Sepharose
      4B. The specific cytochrome P-450 content of the purified P-450(16) alpha
      fraction was 9.5 nmol/mg of protein. The specific testosterone 16 alpha
      hydroxylation activity of the purified P-450(16) alpha fraction was 80
      nmol/min/nmol of cytochrome P-450 or 764 nmol/min/mg of protein, and these values
      were about 40- and 400-fold higher, respectively, than the activity of
      solubilized microsomes. The purified P-450(16) alpha showed extremely high
      regioselectivity and stereospecificity for testosterone hydroxylation; more than
      90% of the testosterone metabolites formed by the purified P-450(16) alpha
      fraction was 16 alpha-hydroxytestosterone. The purified anti-P-450(16) alpha
      antibody exhibited absolute specificity for inhibition of testosterone 16 alpha
      hydroxytestosterone was inhibited by the anti-P-450(16) alpha. Anti-P-450(16)
      alpha inhibited the 16 alpha-hydroxylation activity of intact microsomes prepared
      from livers of male or female 129/J mice more than 90%, indicating that P-450(16)
      alpha is the major cytochrome P-450 isozyme catalyzing 16 alpha-hydroxylation
      activity of testosterone in these microsomal preparations. The purified P-450(16)
      alpha fraction also possessed high benzphetamine N-demethylation activity
      relative to the rates found with other xenobiotic substrates tested in this
      report.

PMID- 6434541
TI  - Characterization and amino acid sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate
      reductase.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase has been purified from a trimethoprim-resistant strain of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The enzyme showed a single component on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr = 18,000) and on isoelectric
      focusing in 5 M urea (pI = 6.8). Although gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing
      conditions resolved the preparation into two enzymatically active proteins
      (called form 1 and form 2), they were not genetically determined isozymes. Both
      had a similar dihydrofolate Km (2 microM), NADPH Km (10 microM), and trimethoprim
      Ki (20 nM), and form 2 (the slower migrating species) was shown to be generated
      from form 1 by the electrophoresis conditions. The complete covalent structure of
      the enzyme has also been determined. It is a single polypeptide composed of 162
      residues and containing 4 cysteines. The gonococcal dihydrofolate reductase
      shares a 35% homology with the chicken liver enzyme and a 40% homology with the
      Escherichia coli enzyme. Most of these identities are residues that have been
      implicated in the binding of NADPH and methotrexate to the E. coli and
      Lactobacillus casei reductases.

PMID- 6434542
TI  - Species-specific irreversible inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate
      reductase by a substituted 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine.
AB  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate reductase undergoes a time-dependent,
      irreversible inactivation by 2,4-diamino-5-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-(p
      bromoacetamidophenoxy)benzyl] pyrimidine. The kinetics of inactivation are
      consistent with the reversible formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex followed
      by covalent binding to the enzyme. The reversible component is competitive with
      dihydrofolate and has an inhibitor binding constant of 10 nM. Irreversible
      inactivation proceeds as a pseudo first-order process with a minimum inactivation
      half-time of 20 min and a Ki of 28 nM. Using radiolabeled inhibitor, it was shown
      that approximately 1 mol of ligand was covalently bound to the enzyme/mol of
      methotrexate binding site when the enzyme was completely inhibited. Radiolabeled
      inhibitor remained associated with the enzyme following denaturation and sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of
      the 14C-labeled enzyme-inhibitor complex yielded only one radioactive
      polypeptide, and sequence determinations showed that His-25 was modified by
      covalent attachment of the inhibitor. When dihydrofolate reductases from
      Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, SR-1 rodent
      lymphoma, and chicken liver were tested with the affinity label, only the L.
      casei enzyme showed a time-dependent increase in inhibition. These data, along
      with comparisons of known amino acid sequences and x-ray crystal structures, were
      used to make predictions concerning the three-dimensional conformation of the
      gonococcal enzyme.

PMID- 6434543
TI  - A micromethod for agglutination and antiglobulin tests for antibody to Brucella
      abortus.
AB  - A micromethod has been developed for the standard agglutination and antihuman
      globulin tests for serum antibodies to Brucella abortus. The test uses a
      haematoxylin-stained antigen. The test is simple and quick to perform and, in a
      comparison at two centres involving 367 sera, the micromethod was found to be
      more sensitive than the classical test. It is highly suitable both for routine
      serological screening and for large-scale surveys of occupationally exposed
      industrial groups.

PMID- 6434544
TI  - A collaborative study on the use of single radial immunodiffusion for the assay
      of rabies virus glycoprotein.
AB  - The single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) technique has been applied to the assay
      of the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines produced in cell cultures.
      Fourteen laboratories in seven countries participated in a collaborative study to
      evaluate the reproducibility of the SRD technique; some laboratories also
      examined vaccines in the mouse protection (NIH) test and by enzyme immunoassay.
      Good agreement was found between potency estimates using the SRD technique: the
      geometric coefficients of variation for combined potency estimates of all
      laboratories were about 10%. SRD assays appear to have a role for the in vitro
      assay of antigen content of vaccine and could complement results obtained in in
      vivo assays which are subject to wide variability.

PMID- 6434545
TI  - Thoracic lordoscoliosis in neurofibromatosis: treatment by a Harrington rod with
      sublaminar wiring. Report of two cases.

PMID- 6434546
TI  - Growth-inhibitory activity of lymphoid cell plasma membranes. I. Inhibition of
      lymphocyte and lymphoid tumor cell growth.
AB  - Membranes isolated from normal spleen cells or lymphoid tumor cells were found to
      inhibit in vitro growth of several murine tumor cell lines including a B cell
      hybridoma, a thymoma, and a mastocytoma. 50% inhibition occurred at membrane
      protein concentrations of 60-100 micrograms/ml. A similar concentration
      dependence was found for inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation by tumor
      cells and for the lipopolysaccharide-induced mitogenic response of normal spleen
      cells. The inhibitory activity co-purified with the plasma membrane upon
      fractionation of crude membranes. Membrane solubilization with deoxycholate
      followed by dialysis to remove the detergent gave good recovery of inhibitory
      activity in the resulting reconstituted membranes. Membrane-mediated growth
      inhibition resulted from a decreased rate of proliferation and not from increased
      cell death. A toxic effect of the membranes was further ruled out by the finding
      that increasing the fetal calf serum content of the medium could substantially
      reverse the growth inhibition. Thus, the plasma membrane of lymphoid cells
      contains a component that can slow or stop the growth of cells in culture. This
      membrane component may have a role in cell contact-mediated regulation of growth.

PMID- 6434547
TI  - A selective defect in arachidonic acid release from macrophage membranes in high
      potassium media.
AB  - Murine peritoneal macrophages cultured in minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM;
      118 mM Na+, 5 mM K+) released arachidonic acid (20:4) from phospholipids on
      encountering a phagocytic stimulus of unopsonized zymosan. In high concentrations
      of extracellular K+ (118 mM), 3H release from cells prelabeled with [3H]20:4 was
      inhibited 80% with minimal reduction (18%) in phagocytosis. The inhibitory effect
      of K+ on 20:4 release was fully reversed on returning cells to medium containing
      Na+ (118 mM). Preingestion of zymosan particles by macrophages maintained in high
      K+ medium resulted in cells being "primed" for 20:4 release, which was only
      effected (without the further addition of particles) by changing the medium to
      one containing Na+. In contrast, 20:4 release from cells stimulated with the
      calcium ionophore A23187 was unimpaired by the elevated K+ medium, suggesting no
      direct effect of high K+ on the phospholipase. Macrophages stimulated with
      zymosan in alpha-MEM metabolized the released 20:4 to prostacyclin, prostaglandin
      E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene C (LTC). The smaller quantity of released 20:4 in high
      K+ medium was recovered as 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha, the breakdown product of
      prostacyclin, and PGE2. No LTC was synthesized. In high K+, resting (no zymosan)
      macrophages synthesized hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids from exogeneously supplied
      20:4 in proportions similar to cells maintained in alpha-MEM. These findings and
      the similarity of products (including LTC) produced by A23187 stimulated cells in
      alpha-MEM and high K+ medium indicated that the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase
      pathway enzymes were not directly inhibited by high extracellular K+. We conclude
      that high concentrations of extracellular K+ uncouple phagocytosis of unopsonized
      zymosan from the induction of the phospholipase responsible for the 20:4 cascade
      and suggest that the lesion is at the level of signal transduction between the
      receptor-ligand complex and the phospholipase.

PMID- 6434548
TI  - Sperm surface proteins persist after fertilization.
AB  - Certain sperm components labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate or its
      radioactive derivative, 125I-diiodofluorescein isothiocyanate (125IFC), are
      transferred at fertilization to the egg, where they persist throughout early
      cleavage stages at a localized site in the embryo cytoplasm (Gabel, C. A., E. M.
      Eddy, and B. M. Shapiro, 1979, Cell, 18:207-215; Gundersen, G. G., C. A. Gabel,
      and B. M. Shapiro, 1982, Dev. Biol., 93:59-72). By using image intensification we
      have extended these observations in the sea urchin to the pluteus larval stage,
      in which greater than 60% of the embryos have localized fluorescent sperm
      components. Because of the unusual persistence of the sperm components in the
      embryo, a characterization of the nature of the labeled species in sea urchin
      sperm was undertaken. Approximately 10% of the 125IFC was in sperm polypeptides
      of Mr greater than 15,000. These proteins were on the sperm surface as shown by
      their sensitivity to externally added proteases. The remainder of the 125IFC in
      sperm was in several low-molecular-weight species, none of which was 125IFC
      derivatized phospholipid. To determine if any labeled sperm polypeptides remained
      intact in the embryo after fertilization, 125IFC-labeled sperm proteins were
      recovered from one-cell and late gastrula stage embryos by using an anti-IFC
      immunoadsorbent. Most of the labeled sperm proteins were degraded shortly after
      fertilization; however, distinct sets of labeled polypeptides were recovered from
      both one-cell and gastrula stage embryos. Six of the labeled polypeptides
      recovered from both embryonic stages had identical SDS gel mobilities as labeled
      sperm polypeptides. Other polypeptides in the embryos appeared to arise from
      limited proteolysis of sperm proteins. Thus, in this physiological cell fusion
      system, individual sperm proteins are transferred to the egg at fertilization,
      and some persist intact or after specific, limited degradation long after gamete
      fusion, until at least the late gastrula stage.

PMID- 6434550
TI  - Phosphoproteins and the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system in
      Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: evidence for IIImannose,
      IIIfructose, IIIglucitol, and the phosphorylation of enzyme IImannitol and enzyme
      IIN-acetylglucosamine.
AB  - Phosphoproteins produced by the incubation of crude extracts of Salmonella
      typhimurium and Escherichia coli with either [32P]phosphoenolpyruvate or [gamma
      32P]ATP have been resolved and detected using sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Simple techniques were
      found such that distinctions could be made between phosphoproteins containing
      acid-labile or stable phosphoamino acids and between N1-P-histidine and N3-P
      histidine. Phosphoproteins were found to be primarily formed from
      phosphoenolpyruvate, but because of an efficient phosphoexchange, ATP also led to
      the formation of the major phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphoproteins. These
      proteins had the following apparent subunit molecular weights: 65,000, 65,000,
      62,000, 48,000, 40,000, 33,000, 25,000, 20,000, 14,000, 13,000, 9,000, 8,000.
      Major ATP-dependent phosphoproteins were detected with apparent subunit molecular
      weights of 75,000, 46,000, 30,000, and 15,000. Other minor phosphoproteins were
      detected. The phosphorylation of the 48,000- and 25,000-MW proteins by
      phosphoenolpyruvate was independent of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar
      phosphotransferase system (PTS). The PTS phosphoproteins were identified as
      enzyme I (soluble; MW = 65,000); enzyme IIN-acetylglucosamine (membrane bound; MW
      = 65,000); enzyme IImannitol (membrane bound; MW = 62,000); IIIfructose (soluble;
      MW = 40,000); IIImannose (partially membrane associated; MW = 33,000); IIIglucose
      (soluble; MW = 20,000); IIIglucitol (soluble; MW = 13-14,000); HPr (soluble; MW =
      9,000); FPr (fructose induced HPr-like protein (soluble; MW = 8,000). HPr and FPr
      are phosphorylated on the N-1 position of a histidyl residue while all the others
      appear to be phosphorylated on an N-3 position of a histidyl residue. These
      studies identify some previously unknown proteins of the PTS and show the
      phosphorylation of others, which although previously known, had not been shown to
      be phosphoproteins.

PMID- 6434551
TI  - Therapy of neurologic disorders in the elderly.

PMID- 6434549
TI  - Intermediate-sized filaments in Drosophila tissue culture cells.
AB  - In using a monoclonal antibody against a major cytoplasmic protein of 46,000 mol
      wt, we have characterized an intermediate-sized (10 nm) filamentous cytoskeleton
      in Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells. Indirect immunofluorescence,
      immunoelectron microscopy, and protein blotting show that this cytoskeleton
      exhibits features typical of the vertebrate vimentin cytoskeleton, including the
      diameter and appearance of filaments, sensitivity to 10(-6) M colcemid, and
      insolubility in buffers containing 1% Triton X-100. The antibody cross-reacts
      with vimentin and desmin from baby hamster kidney cells and stains a vimentin
      cytoskeleton in the vertebrate Chinese hamster ovary cell line. We, therefore,
      conclude that the 46,000-mol wt Drosophila protein is homologous to vertebrate
      vimentin. Three minor, higher-molecular-weight polypeptides are also detected in
      the Drosophila cells that react with the antibody. At least two of these are
      members of a family of proteins with properties resembling those of the 46,000
      mol wt intermediate filament protein.

PMID- 6434552
TI  - A 'wasting' man with pleuritic pain.

PMID- 6434553
TI  - A firstborn child with multiple anomalies.

PMID- 6434554
TI  - Vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia in the elderly.

PMID- 6434555
TI  - The dizzy patient.

PMID- 6434556
TI  - Grandeur in the red blood cell.

PMID- 6434557
TI  - Intractable tachycardia and a dead battery.

PMID- 6434558
TI  - Salt and water balance.

PMID- 6434559
TI  - Acute epigastric pain and 'silent' lung infiltrate.

PMID- 6434560
TI  - Digital gangrene in a heavy smoker.

PMID- 6434561
TI  - Headache: the spectrum.

PMID- 6434562
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.

PMID- 6434563
TI  - Hyponatremia in a baby who refused to nurse.

PMID- 6434564
TI  - Loeb and a Gloria.

PMID- 6434565
TI  - The erythrocyte membrane skeleton: biochemistry.

PMID- 6434566
TI  - Persistent pain, fever after a trip to Mexico.

PMID- 6434567
TI  - Ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia?

PMID- 6434568
TI  - Intraocular tumors.

PMID- 6434569
TI  - Sensitive assay for diamine oxidase activity using high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6434570
TI  - Hydroxycarboxylic and oxocarboxylic acids in urine: products from branched-chain
      amino acid degradation and from ketogenesis.
AB  - Hydroxy- and oxomonocarboxylic acids in urine of healthy individuals and of
      patients with diabetic ketoacidosis are analysed as methyl esters and methyl
      esters/O-methyloximes, respectively, by gas chromatography and gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry. The derivatives are pre-fractionated by thin-layer
      chromatography. The acids originate mainly from ketogenesis and from the
      metabolism of valine, leucine and isoleucine. The amino acid metabolites fall
      into three groups: the 2-oxocarboxylic acids (2-oxoisovaleric acid, 2
      oxoisocaproic acid and 2-oxo-3-methylvaleric acid); the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids
      (2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric
      acid); and the 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids (3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3
      hydroxyisovaleric acid, 3-hydroxy-2-ethylpropionic acid, threo-3-hydroxy-2
      methylbutyric acid and erythro-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid). The threo form of
      3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid is the major constituent within the diastereomeric
      pair. Of the three groups of amino acid metabolites, the 3-hydroxycarboxylic
      acids in particular are elevated during ketoacidosis. The characteristic general
      features of the mass spectrometric fragmentation of the derivatives of the
      identified components are systematically described. The discussion of the
      fragmentation includes constituents of low concentrations, such as 3-oxocaproic
      acid, 4-oxobutyric acid and 5-oxocaproic acid, which can be detected only when
      the pre-fractionation technique is applied.

PMID- 6434571
TI  - Rapid analysis of valproic acid by gas chromatography.

PMID- 6434572
TI  - Growth hormone release in response to human pancreatic tumor growth hormone
      releasing hormone-40 in children with short stature.
AB  - Forty children with short stature were evaluated for GH reserve after
      pharmacological tests and after a single iv injection of human pancreatic tumor
      GH-releasing hormone [hpGRH-40). These children were grouped into four diagnostic
      categories: 1) idiopathic GH deficiency (n = 10); 2) organic hypopituitarism (n =
      7); 3) intrauterine growth retardation (n = 5); and 4) constitutional delay of
      growth and/or familial short stature (n = 18), by standard clinical criteria and
      physiological and pharmacological tests of GH reserve. Venous blood was sampled
      for GH concentrations on 2 consecutive days: on day 1, after the iv
      administration of L-arginine (0.5 g/kg for 30 min) and oral administration of L
      dopa (9 mg/kg), and on day 2, after the administration of hpGRH-40, 3.3
      micrograms/kg, as an iv bolus. No GH-deficient patient in categories 1 or 2
      increased his/her circulating GH concentration to more than 7 ng/ml after the
      arginine-L-dopa test; however, six children had marked GH responses after hpGRH
      40 administration. As a group the lowest peak responses (mean +/- SE) to GRH were
      found in the organic hypopituitary (3.4 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) and in the idiopathic GH
      deficiency (8.2 +/- 2.4 ng/ml) categories. All children in the intrauterine
      growth retardation and constitutional delay of growth (controls for the GH
      deficient children) responded briskly to hpGRH-40, although there was wide
      variation of the peak GH levels (5-51 ng/ml). Circulating concentrations of
      somatomedin-C did not differ in subjects in any category 24 h after hpGRH-40
      injection when compared to basal values. These data indicate that hpGRH-40 can be
      employed to evaluate GH reseve in short children and may be useful in the
      diagnosis of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders.

PMID- 6434573
TI  - Prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and
      metoclopramide in men with chronic alcoholism.
AB  - To investigate whether anterior pituitary function is disturbed in chronic
      alcoholic men after a period of alcoholic abuse, TSH and PRL secretagogues were
      given to such patients in the acute and late withdrawal states (1 and 8 days
      after admission to hospital, respectively). The TSH and PRL responses were
      compared with those obtained in a group of control patients without a history of
      alcohol abuse. Twenty five micrograms of TRH, injected iv in six alcoholic men
      during acute withdrawal, raised TSH by 1.6 +/- 0.8 (SEM) microU/ml and PRL by 18
      +/- 7 ng/ml. In the seven control patients the corresponding responses were
      significantly larger (7.8 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, P less than 0.01; and 56 +/- 10
      ng/ml, P less than 0.02, respectively). When the alcoholics were reinvestigated
      in the late withdrawal state their TSH and PRL responses increased significantly
      to 2.9 +/- 1.1 microU/ml (P less than 0.05) and 41 +/- 9 ng/ml (P less than
      0.05), respectively. To determine whether dopaminergic inhibition contributed to
      the reduced TSH and PRL responsiveness in the acute withdrawal state, six
      additional chronic alcoholic men were tested with oral metoclopramide. This drug,
      which has dopamine D2-receptor blocking properties, induced similar PRL responses
      (7- to 8-fold PRL increments) in the acute and late withdrawal states but did not
      alter TSH. Furthermore, TRH, injected 90 min after oral priming with
      metoclopramide in six additional alcoholics, elicited TSH and PRL increments in
      the acute withdrawal state which did not differ significantly from those obtained
      in the late withdrawal state (TSH, 3.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.2 microU/ml; PRL, 27
      +/- 3 vs. 24 +/- 6 ng/ml). These findings suggest that dopaminergic inhibition of
      the thyrotrophs and lactotrophs may be responsible for the blunted TSH and PRL
      responses to TRH during the acute withdrawal period in chronic alcoholic
      patients.

PMID- 6434574
TI  - Low thyroxine levels in some hyperprolactinemic patients due to dopaminergic
      suppression of thyrotropin.
AB  - The serum free T4 index (FT4I) was at or below the lower limit of normal in 8 of
      55 unselected patients with hyperprolactinemia. Serum levels of T3 were normal
      and none of the patients had clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. In patients
      with low FT4I the serum TSH was within the normal range and TSH was released
      normally after administration of TRH, indicating normal pituitary TSH reserve.
      Serum TSH also increased after administration of the dopamine antagonist
      domperidone. The TSH response to domperidone was significantly greater in the
      hyperprolactinemic group with low FT4I compared with either normal subjects or
      hyperprolactinemic patients with normal FT4I, suggesting that depression of FT4I
      was due to increased dopaminergic activity. Administration of the dopamine
      antagonist metoclopramide for 4 days led to a supranormal rise in FT4I in 3 of 5
      patients with low FT4I. Thus, a minority of hyperprolactinemic patients have a
      low FT4I which appears due to excessive hypothalamic production of dopamine.

PMID- 6434575
TI  - Hormonal profile of Leydig cell tumors with gynecomastia.
AB  - The hormonal profile of estrogen-secreting Leydig cell tumors was studied in four
      patients. Plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels varied from day-to
      day whereas the T/E2 ratios were decreased (22:85, normal 170 to 440). hCG
      administration induced a higher estrogen response in the patients than in normal
      men. The finding in the spermatic venous blood of the tumor-bearing testis of a
      particular biochemical profile, including a low T/E2 ratio (12:27), associated
      with high progesterone/17-hydroxyprogesterone ratios (0.13:0.26) and high 17
      hydroxyprogesterone-androstenedione ratios (26:44), allowed localization of a
      small testicular tumor when no testicular abnormality was found clinically. Also,
      the E2 level was moderately elevated in the spermatic vein of one patient
      compared with normal men. Spermatic venous blood also was obtained after hCG
      administration in two patients. Increased estrogen and reduced T responses were
      found in the tumoral testis in comparison with the contralateral testis. In
      conclusion, the hormone content of spermatic venous effluent from testes
      containing an interstitial cell tumor is abnormal in several respects and such
      abnormalities allow detection of the tumor when it is not recognizable
      clinically.

PMID- 6434576
TI  - A clinical syndrome of mild androgen insensitivity.
AB  - We studied four patients from three kindreds who had normal male body habitus and
      external genitalia except for short penile length and gynecomastia. Prostate size
      was small in all patients and spermatogenesis was decreased markedly in one and
      absent in three. Testicular biopsies in two patients revealed normal histology
      but evidence of spermatogenic arrest at the spermatocyte stage. Circulating
      levels of testosterone and LH were increased and the testosterone
      dihydrotestosterone ratios were normal. Plasma estradiol was elevated in three of
      the four patients. Serum FSH levels were significantly elevated in only one
      patient. The response of LH and FSH to LHRH stimulation was normal in the two
      patients who were tested. Despite the normal male phenotype, the laboratory
      studies suggested the diagnosis of androgen insensitivity. This was confirmed in
      two patients by finding decreased dihydrotestosterone-binding capacity in genital
      skin fibroblasts. Two of the patients had normal levels of androgen receptor
      binding, suggesting that their defect represented a mild form of androgen
      insensitivity with normal receptor activity. These results demonstrated that mild
      forms of androgen insensitivity exist in which the only obvious clinical
      manifestations may be the presence of reduced penile length, gynecomastia, and/or
      infertility. The incidence of androgen insensitivity among men with these subtle
      phenotypic abnormalities, including infertility, remains to be determined.

PMID- 6434577
TI  - Human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ovarian
      hyperstimulation with transient hyperprolactinemia: steroidogenesis enhanced
      during bromocriptine therapy in monkeys.
AB  - To examine the role of gonadotropin-induced hyperprolactinemia on reproductive
      function, 17 euprolactinemic ovulatory monkeys were given extended fixed dose
      regimens of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (12 days), followed by hCG the
      next day, and some animals then received bromocriptine. All animals were given
      hMG/hCG from day 3 (D3) until D14, with hCG on D15; those in group I (n = 12)
      received no further therapy, while those in group II (n = 5) received
      bromocriptine (0.25 mg/kg X day, im) daily from the day of hCG administration
      until menses. Ovarian hyperstimulation developed to various degrees in all
      animals. Based on serum estradiol (E2) levels, 13 were high responders (E2,
      greater than 1000 pg/ml), 2 were medium responders (E2, 500-1000 pg/ml), and 2
      were low responders (E2, 150-500 pg/ml). In group I, transient hyperprolactinemia
      occurred in the luteal phases in 8 of the 12 animals compared to the follicular
      phase levels in the same animals (P less than 0.01). In group II, bromocriptine
      treatment in the luteal phase prevented hyperprolactinemia, but there was no
      change in the menstrual cycle or luteal phase lengths; however, significant
      luteal phase increases in progesterone (P less than 0.005) and E2 (P less than
      0.02) secretion occurred during bromocriptine therapy. Deliberate hMG/hCG studies
      in euprolactinemic women seem indicated to learn whether women so treated
      experience estrogen-progesterone-induced hyperprolactinemia like that in monkeys
      and, if so, to determine its consequences on the reproductive process.

PMID- 6434578
TI  - Distribution of immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing hormone in the human
      brain and intestine and its production by tumors.
AB  - A recently developed RIA for human pancreatic tumor GH-releasing hormone (hpGRH1
      44NH2) was used to investigate its distribution in the human gastrointestinal
      tract and brain, and to determine the incidence of its production by tumors. GRH
      immunoreactivity (GRH-IR) was present in several regions of the human brain, the
      highest concentration occurring in the hypothalamus, septum, and substantia
      inominata. In the gastrointestinal tract GRH-IR was present in the upper
      intestine, where it was confined to the epithelial mucosa. Approximately one
      third of all tumors examined (35 out of 97) contained significant amounts of GRH
      IR. Gel chromatography of brain and intestinal extracts, and of several tumors,
      revealed the presence of two molecular forms of GRH-IR, one coeluting with the
      synthetic hpGRH1-44 amide standard (and also hpGRH1-40) and another eluting
      significantly later. The earlier eluting GRH-IR peak was found to be similar to
      the synthetic hpGRH1-44 NH2 and hpGRH1-40 on high pressure liquid chromatography
      analysis.

PMID- 6434579
TI  - Leydig cell numbers, daily sperm production, and serum gonadotropin levels in
      aging men.
AB  - Age-related changes in Leydig cell number, daily sperm production, and
      circulating hormone levels were studied in 15 men between 20 and 48 yr of age and
      15 men between 50 and 76 yr of age. Testes and blood samples were obtained at
      autopsy less than 15 h after death due to trauma or heart attack. Leydig cell
      number was determined by quantitative histometric estimation of the proportion of
      glutaraldehyde-perfused, decapsulated testicular parenchyma occupied by Leydig
      cell nuclei of measured average volume in both testes of each subject. Daily
      sperm production was determined by phase contrast cytometry of round spermatid
      nuclei in homogenates of both fixed testes from each individual. LH, FSH, PRL,
      and testosterone in serum from the heart or large veins were quantified by RIA.
      No relationship was detected between any of the testicular or hormonal values and
      postmortem time. The average total number of Leydig cells was reduced by 44% in
      the older men and was negatively correlated with age (p = -0.62) in all men. Mean
      serum LH was elevated more than 2-fold in the older men and was positively
      correlated with age (p = +0.53) in all men. Neither serum testosterone nor serum
      PRL changed significantly with age. Daily sperm production was more than 50%
      lower in older men and was negatively correlated with age (p = -0.76) in all men.
      Serum FSH was more than 3-fold higher in the older men and was positively
      correlated with age (p = +0.72) in all men. The highest FSH levels were found in
      men with the lowest rates of sperm production, and FSH and daily sperm production
      were inversely correlated even after the effects of age were removed. These
      findings show that the response of the human testis to aging is variable and that
      the predictive value of age for most testicular characteristics is weak at the
      level of individual men. Nevertheless, age accounts for more than a third of the
      variation in Leydig cell number, and it explains more than half the variation in
      daily sperm production. Hence, age is the largest single contributing factor yet
      identified in the search for explanations underlying the variation in testicular
      structure and function found in groups of normal men.

PMID- 6434580
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic androgen suppression by glucocorticoids on
      gonadotropin levels in hirsute women.
AB  - Hirsute women may have increased serum LH levels and increased ratios of LH to
      FSH in serum as well as increased serum androgen levels. Glucocorticoid therapy
      lowers serum testosterone (T) levels in some hirsute women, but no significant
      effects on gonadotropin levels have been reported. Sixty hirsute women had serum
      T, LH, and FSH levels measured before and after acute and chronic glucocorticoid
      administration. Both acute and chronic treatment resulted in significant
      suppression of T levels. Serum LH levels significantly decreased after chronic
      therapy. Significant direct correlations were found between T and LH or T and the
      LH to FSH ratio, both before and after therapy. In 11 women with normal T levels,
      acute or chronic glucocorticoid treatment did not produce a significant change in
      LH levels or LH to FSH ratios. Women (n = 26) with elevated T levels that were
      suppressed more than 50% during treatment had significant decreases in their mean
      LH levels and LH to FSH ratios. No significant change in mean LH or LH to FSH
      ratio occurred in women (n = 23) with elevated T levels that were not suppressed
      by 50%. These results demonstrate that chronic, but not acute, glucocorticoid
      induced suppression of T levels in hyperandrogenic hirsute women results in
      lowering of LH and LH to FSH ratios.

PMID- 6434581
TI  - The growth hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in insulin-dependent
      diabetics involves a cholinergic mechanism.
AB  - In order to establish whether cholinergic receptors mediate GH secretion induced
      by TRH in insulin-dependent diabetes, 10 patients were treated with pirenzepine,
      an anticholinergic agent, and tested with TRH. Basal concentrations of GH were
      elevated in these patients and 8 of 10 patients responded to TRH with a
      significant rise in GH levels. Pretreatment with pirenzepine (40 mg given iv 10
      min before TRH) suppressed the TRH-induced GH rise. Pirenzepine had no effect on
      TRH-induced TSH release. This finding suggests that a cholinergic mechanism is
      involved in the paradoxical response of GH to TRH in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6434582
TI  - Variable response to a long-acting agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone in girls with McCune-Albright syndrome.
AB  - Six girls with McCune-Albright syndrome were treated for at least 2 months with
      the long-acting LHRH agonist D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LHRH, which previously was found to
      be an effective treatment for true precocious puberty. Nocturnal and LHRH
      stimulated serum gonadotropin levels and plasma estradiol levels were measured
      before treatment and after 2-3 months of treatment. Five of the six girls had no
      decrease in serum gonadotropin or plasma estradiol levels during therapy, and
      their pubertal signs were unaffected by treatment. All five of these girls had
      serum gonadotropin levels that were within or below the normal prepubertal range.
      The sixth girl, who had gonadotropin levels in the normal pubertal range before
      treatment, had decreased serum gonadotropin and plasma estradiol levels during 1
      yr of LHRH analog therapy. This was associated with cessation of menses and
      regression of secondary sexual changes. The failure of LHRH analog to modify the
      course of precocious puberty in the five patients with prepubertal serum
      gonadotropin concentrations is further evidence that the mechanism of precocious
      puberty in most girls with McCune-Albright syndrome differs from that in patients
      with true precocious puberty.

PMID- 6434583
TI  - Effects of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor-40 on serum growth
      hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and
      somatomedin-C concentrations in normal women throughout the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Human pancreatic tumor GH-releasing factor-40 (hpGRF-40) selectively stimulates
      GH secretion in normal men and in some adults with GH deficiency. To study its
      effects in women, we administered hpGRF-40 (3.33 micrograms/kg) or an equivalent
      volume of vehicle as an iv bolus at 0900 h to 10 normal women during the early
      follicular, late follicular, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Serum
      concentrations of GH, PRL, LH, and FSH were measured at intervals between 0800
      1100 h. Serum somatomedin-C concentrations were measured before and 24 h after
      the administration of vehicle of hpGRF-40. Within 1-3 min after the injection of
      hpGRF-40 all women described warmth localized to the head and neck and exhibited
      facial flushing. No changes in pulse rate or blood pressure were noted. When
      expressed as change from baseline and compared to control values, peak levels of
      serum GH (nanograms per ml; mean +/- SEM) were higher after hpGRF-40 treatment
      during the early follicular (5.4 +/- 3.2 vs. 34.9 +/- 8.3; control vs. test day;
      P = 0.011), late follicular (5.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 25.2 +/- 6.8; P = 0.014), and luteal
      (0.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 32.7 +/- 12.8; P = 0.033) phases of the menstrual cycle.
      Similarly, integrated serum GH levels (nanograms per ml/h) were higher after
      hpGRF-40 administration during the early follicular (0.72 vs. 16.1; P = 0.011),
      late follicular (0.83 vs. 9.9; P = 0.037), and luteal (-1.54 vs. 17.0; P = 0.036)
      phases of the cycle. When the increases in serum GH after hpGRF-40 treatment were
      compared among the phases of the menstrual cycle, however, no differences were
      found. Serum somatomedin-C values 24 h after hpGRF-40 treatment were higher than
      those 24 h after vehicle at all stages of the menstrual cycle. hpGRF-40 did not
      stimulate the release of PRL, LH, or FSH. We conclude that hpGRF-40 stimulates
      the release of GH, but that in response to the dose used, hpGRF-40-stimulated GH
      release does not vary during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6434584
TI  - Blockade of hp-GRF-40-induced GH release in normal men by a cholinergic
      muscarinic antagonist.
AB  - In five healthy young men, pretreatment with the cholinergic muscarinic
      antagonist pirenzepine (0.6 mg/kg iv) almost completely abolished the rise in
      plasma growth hormone (GH) elicited by an iv bolus injection of 1 microgram/kg
      human pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-40 (hp-GRF-40). These data demonstrate
      that cholinergic receptor sites involved in GH-releasing mechanisms do not
      interact with GRF-secreting structures in the central nervous system. A mechanism
      mediated via hypothalamic release of somatostatin or, alternatively, a direct
      pituitary site of action, can be postulated for the blocking effect of
      pirenzepine.

PMID- 6434585
TI  - Extrahypothalamic growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF) secretion is a rare cause
      of acromegaly: plasma GRF levels in 177 acromegalic patients.
AB  - To assess the frequency with which acromegaly is caused by ectopic secretion of
      GRF, we collected plasma samples from 177 unselected acromegalic patients. The
      samples together with those of three acromegalic patients with previously
      diagnosed tumors secreting GRF and of normal subjects were assayed in 3
      independent GRF RIAs. Plasma immunoreactive GRF (IR-GRF) levels in normal
      subjects were either undetectable or detectable at levels up to 62.5 pg/ml. In
      none of the 177 specimens from acromegalic patients were IR-GRF values detectable
      in all assays, and in the most sensitive assay, the levels were similar to those
      in normal subjects, with the highest level measuring 82 pg/ml. In contrast,
      plasma IR-GRF found in the 3 patients with tumors that secreted GRF ranged from
      2.0-24.4 ng/ml. These data suggest that extrahypothalamic GRF secretion is a rare
      cause of acromegaly. However, it is important that this rare cause of acromegaly
      be diagnosed before the patient has unnecessary surgery and/or irradiation
      directed at the pituitary. We recommend that plasma IR-GRF be measured in each
      new acromegalic patient.

PMID- 6434586
TI  - Stimulation of sperm production by human luteinizing hormone in gonadotropin
      suppressed normal men.
AB  - The relative roles of FSH and LH in the control of human spermatogenesis are not
      well established. We previously reported that supraphysiological doses of hCG can
      stimulate sperm production in gonadotropin-suppressed normal men despite
      prepubertal FSH levels. To determine whether more nearly physiological levels of
      human LH (hLH) also can stimulate spermatogenesis when FSH levels are suppressed,
      we administered hLH to normal men whose endogenous gonadotropin levels and sperm
      production were suppressed by exogenous testosterone enanthate (T). After a 3
      month control period, 11 normal men received 200 mg T, im, weekly to suppress LH
      and FSH. T administration alone was continued for 3-4 months until 3 successive
      sperm concentrations (performed twice monthly) revealed azoospermia or severe
      oligospermia (sperm concentrations, less than 4 million/ml). Then, while
      continuing T, 4 of the 11 men (experimental subjects) simultaneously received
      1100 IU hLH, sc, daily for 4-6 months to replace LH activity, leaving FSH
      activity suppressed. The effect on sperm production of the selective FSH
      deficiency produced by hLH plus T administration was determined. The remaining 7
      men (control subjects) continued to receive T alone at the same dosage, without
      gonadotropin replacement, for an additional 6 months. In the four experimental
      subjects, sperm concentrations increased significantly from 0.7 +/- 0.7
      million/ml (mean +/- SEM) during T treatment alone to 19 +/- 4 million/ml during
      hLH plus T administration (P less than 0.001). However, none of the men achieved
      sperm concentrations consistently in their own pretreatment range. Sperm
      motilities and morphologies were normal in all four subjects by the end of hLH
      plus T administration. In contrast, sperm concentrations in the seven control
      subjects remained suppressed (less than 3 million/ml) throughout the entire
      period of prolonged T administration alone. Serum LH bioactivity, determined
      monthly by in vitro mouse Leydig cell bioassay in all four experimental subjects,
      was markedly suppressed during T administration alone (120 +/- 10 ng/ml) compared
      to that during the control period (390 +/- 20 ng/ml; P less than 0.001). With the
      addition of hLH to T, LH bioactivity returned to control levels (400 +/- 40
      ng/ml; P = NS compared to control value). Serum FSH levels determined monthly by
      RIA were reduced from 98 +/- 12 ng/ml during the control period to undetectable
      levels (less than 25 ng/ml) during the T alone and the hLH plus T periods (P less
      than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6434587
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog treatment of boys with hypothalamic
      hamartoma and true precocious puberty.
AB  - A long-acting analog of LRH (LRHa) has been shown to suppress pituitary
      gonadotropin and estradiol secretion to prepubertal levels in girls with
      idiopathic true precocious puberty. We treated six boys, aged 1-6 yr, with true
      precocious puberty due to hypothalamic hamartoma for 6-24 months with daily sc
      injections of LRHa. The patients had enlarged testes (6-25 ml), Tanner stage II
      IV pubic hair, facial and axillary hair, increased growth rate, and an advanced
      bone age. Frequent erections occurred in all patients. Computed tomography of the
      head showed abnormalities characteristic of hypothalamic hamartoma (0.5-3 cm in
      diameter) in each boy. Each patient had measurable LH and FSH levels, with pulsed
      nocturnal secretion, and pubertal LH and FSH responses to LRH. Serum testosterone
      was in the range for normal adult men (200-600 ng/dl). LRHa significantly
      decreased basal LH (P less than 0.005) and FSH levels (P less than 0.01), LRH
      stimulated gonadotropin levels (P less than 0.005), and serum testosterone levels
      (P less than 0.005). Testis size decreased significantly (P less than 0.005).
      Annualized growth velocity (centimeters per yr) decreased significantly compared
      to the pretreatment growth rate (P less than 0.01). Bone age advancement per yr
      slowed significantly during the course of LRHa treatment (P less than 0.01).
      Pubic hair, facial hair, and erections decreased in all patients. LRHa is an
      effective treatment for boys with precocious puberty associated with hypothalamic
      hamartoma. Chronic therapy will be required, however, to assess the ultimate
      effect of LRHa.

PMID- 6434588
TI  - Abnormal patterns of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in women with
      hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea: responses to bromocriptine.
AB  - Pulsatile gonadotropin secretion was examined in seven women with
      hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea by obtaining blood samples every 20 min for 24
      h. When plasma PRL had returned to normal and menses had resumed during
      bromocriptine treatment, five women were restudied in an identical manner during
      the early to midfollicular stage of their cycles. Gonadotropin responses to a
      small dose of synthetic GnRH (25 ng/kg, iv) were measured after the initial 24-h
      study in each patient. In addition, low dose pulses of GnRH (25 ng/kg) were
      administered iv every 2 h for 88 h to three hyperprolactinemic women, and LH and
      FSH responses were determined. Before treatment with bromocriptine, mean +/- SE
      plasma gonadotropin concentrations (LH, 5.8 +/- 0.2 mIU/ml; FSH, 4.4 +/- 0.1
      mIU/ml) were comparable to values during the follicular phase of normal menstrual
      cycles. LH pulse frequency during the pretreatment study in the
      hyperprolactinemic women (mean +/- SE, 7.6 +/- 1.2 pulses/24 h) was significantly
      less than that found during the early follicular stage of normal cycles (days 3
      5; mean, 15.4 +/- 1.1 pulses/24 h). Mean +/- SE LH pulse amplitude before
      bromocriptine was 5.2 +/- 0.6 mIU/ml. The pattern of pulsatile LH secretion was
      highly variable before treatment and was characterized by prolonged periods (6-11
      h) of low plasma LH concentrations. LH responses to GnRH were normal or increased
      (mean maximum increment in LH, 38.5 +/- 15.9; range, 4.3-125.2 mIU/ml), and no
      evidence of intermittent pituitary refractoriness was found during prolonged (88
      h) administration of GnRH pulses. Treatment with bromocriptine was associated
      with the resumption of menses, and no significant change in mean gonadotropin
      concentrations. LH pulse frequency was increased (mean +/- SE = 10.2 +/- 1.0
      pulses/24 h) and LH pulse amplitude was decreased (mean, 3.9 +/- 0.2 mIU/ml) in
      four of five patients receiving bromocriptine. Moreover, the pattern of pulsatile
      LH secretion was more uniform during treatment. We conclude that pituitary
      responsiveness to GnRH is not impaired in women with hyperprolactinemia and
      amenorrhea, and that periods of low LH secretion in these women are due to
      intermittent reductions in GnRH secretion. These observations suggest that the
      abnormal patterns of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion, and by inference GnRH
      secretion, are important factors in the etiology of amenorrhea associated with
      hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 6434589
TI  - Thyroglobulin release after graded endogenous thyrotropin stimulation in man:
      lack of correlation with thyroid hormone response.
AB  - The serum thyroglobulin (Tg), T3, and T4 responses to graded endogenous TSH
      stimulation were examined in 30 normal subjects for up to 96 h after TRH
      administration. Increasing TSH rises were elicited by TRH administration as
      follows: 1) 500 micrograms iv as a single bolus in 10 subjects [mean peak serum
      TSH, 14.3 +/- 1.8 (SE) microU/ml]; 2) 1000 micrograms infused iv in 2 h in 10
      subjects (mean peak TSH, 25.5 +/- 2.6 microU/ml); 3) 40 mg orally in 10 subjects
      (mean peak TSH, 27.5 +/- 3.0 microU/ml, with a delayed and more prolonged rise).
      Nine subjects received saline and were used as controls. A significant serum T3
      and T4 rise followed the TSH increase in all subjects, and the mean peak value
      was always reached 4 h after TRH. In contrast, a significant serum Tg increase
      occurred only in 3, 6, and 9 subjects after 500 micrograms, 1000 micrograms, and
      40 mg TRH, respectively. In addition, the time of the Tg peak and its duration
      was extremely variable but it was always delayed in respect to serum T3 and T4
      peaks, occurring 6 to 72 h after TRH administration. No correlation was found
      between serum Tg and T3 or T4 increases after TRH in any of the three groups.
      These studies indicate that a significant Tg release in man usually occurs only
      after intense and prolonged TSH stimulation of the thyroid. In addition, the Tg
      increase is delayed in respect to the thyroid hormone increase and it is not
      correlated with them.

PMID- 6434590
TI  - 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone production by human granulosa-luteal cells
      isolated from human menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated cycles for in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - The production of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone (Prog) by human granulosa
      luteal cells obtained from 24 aspirated follicles of 11 women undergoing
      laparoscopy in an in vitro fertilization program was studied. Follicular growth
      was stimulated with an individualized human menopausal gonadotropin regimen begun
      on either day 1 (group I; n = 5) or day 3 (group II; n = 6) of the menstrual
      cycle, and laparoscopy was performed 36 h after hCG administration. Granulosa
      luteal cells were cultured for 2 h in culture medium alone or in the presence of
      either pregnenolone (10(-7) M) or testosterone (10(-7) M). Aromatase activity was
      present in the granulosa-luteal cells, as evidenced by a significant (P less than
      0.001) increase in E2 production in the presence of testosterone. The addition of
      pregnenolone did not augment Prog production. Granulosa-luteal cells derived from
      Group II patients produced significantly (P less than 0.001) more Prog than those
      derived from group I patients. In addition, group II granulosa-luteal cells
      associated with mature oocyte-coronacumulus complexes produced significantly (P
      less than 0.001) more Prog than those in group I. Fertilization and pregnancy
      correlated with Prog production, in that granulosa-luteal cells associated with
      oocytes that were fertilized produced significantly (P less than 0.001) less Prog
      than those associated with nonfertilized oocytes. Granulosa-luteal cells from the
      2 patients in this series who conceived demonstrated a further significant (P
      less than 0.02) reduction in Prog production. It appears that administration of
      human menopausal gonadotropin early (day 1) in the follicular phase results in
      incomplete maturation of the granulosa cells. Furthermore, the optimal oocyte, in
      terms of successful fertilization, may be one derived from a follicle that has
      undergone appropriate stimulation resulting in adequate maturation, but has not
      surpassed that point.

PMID- 6434591
TI  - Oxygen free radicals in ischemic acute renal failure in the rat.
AB  - During renal ischemia, ATP is degraded to hypoxanthine. When xanthine oxidase
      converts hypoxanthine to xanthine in the presence of molecular oxygen, superoxide
      radical (O-2) is generated. We studied the role of O-2 and its reduction product
      OH X in mediating renal injury after ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent
      right nephrectomy followed by 60 min of occlusion of the left renal artery. The O
      2 scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) was given 8 min before clamping and before
      release of the renal artery clamp. Control rats received 5% dextrose instead.
      Plasma creatinine was lower in SOD treated rats: 1.5, 1.0, and 0.8 mg/dl vs. 2.5,
      2.5, and 2.1 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 h postischemia. 24 h after ischemia inulin
      clearance was higher in SOD treated rats than in controls (399 vs. 185
      microliter/min). Renal blood flow, measured after ischemia plus 15 min of reflow,
      was also greater in SOD treated than in control rats. Furthermore, tubular
      injury, judged histologically in perfusion fixed specimens, was less in SOD
      treated rats. Rats given SOD inactivated by prior incubation with
      diethyldithiocarbamate had plasma creatinine values no different from those of
      control rats. The OH X scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) was given before renal
      artery occlusion. DMTU treated rats had lower plasma creatinine than did
      controls: 1.7, 1.7, and 1.3 mg/dl vs. 3.2, 2.2, and 2.4 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 h
      postischemia. Neither SOD nor DMTU caused an increase in renal blood flow, urine
      flow rate, or solute excretion in normal rats. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor
      allopurinol was given before ischemia to prevent the generation of oxygen free
      radicals. Plasma creatinine was lower in allopurinol treated rats: 2.7, 2.2, and
      1.4 mg/dl vs. 3.6, 3.5, and 2.3 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 h postischemia. Catalase
      treatment did not protect against renal ischemia, perhaps because its large size
      limits glomerular filtration and access to the tubular lumen. Superoxide-mediated
      lipid peroxidation was studied after renal ischemia. 60 min of ischemia did not
      increase the renal content of the lipid peroxide malondialdehyde, whereas
      ischemia plus 15 min reflow resulted in a large increase in kidney lipid
      peroxides. Treatment with SOD before renal ischemia prevented the reflow-induced
      increase in lipid peroxidation in renal cortical mitochondria but not in crude
      cortical homogenates. In summary, the oxygen free radical scavengers SOD and
      DMTU, and allopurinol, which inhibits free radical generation, protected renal
      function after ischemia. Reperfusion after ischemia resulted in lipid
      peroxidation; SOD decreased lipid peroxidation in cortical mitochondria after
      renal ischemia and reflow. We concluded that restoration of oxygen supply to
      ischemic kidney results in the production of oxygen free radicals, which causes
      renal injury by lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6434592
TI  - Role of endogenous prostaglandin E2 in erythropoietin production and dome
      formation by human renal carcinoma cells in culture.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the role of endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in
      erythropoietin (Ep) production and dome formation in primary monolayer cultures
      of a human renal carcinoma from a patient with erythrocytosis that has been
      serially transplanted into BALB/c athymic nude mice. The metabolism of
      [14C]arachidonic acid (14C-AA) by cultured renal carcinoma cells, which were
      plated in 25-cm2 flasks at a density of 2 X 10(4) cells/cm2 and grown for 6, 12
      (confluence, 13 X 10(4) cells/cm2), 16, 24, and 30 d in Eagle's minimum essential
      medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, was examined by using
      radiometric thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC revealed PGE2 to be the major
      metabolite of 14C-AA produced by the cultured cells throughout the 30 d of
      cultivation. In addition, the cultured cells at each time period were incubated
      for 24 h in 5 ml of serum-free Eagle's MEM and the levels of PGE2 and Ep in the
      incubated media were measured via radioimmunoassay. PGE2 levels in the serum-free
      media incubated with the cultured cells grown for 6 d were significantly (P less
      than 0.001) elevated (174 +/- 2.5 pg/ml, n = 5), compared with the unincubated
      control media (1.5 +/- 0.19 pg/ml, n = 5) and gradually decreased at each time
      period to 97.6 +/- 4.4 pg/ml (n = 5) at 30 d. On the other hand, the levels of Ep
      in the incubated media of the cells grown for 6 d were 11.5 +/- 0.52 mU/ml (n =
      5) compared with 7.6 +/- 0.62 mU/ml (n = 5) in the control media. However, after
      the cultured cells became confluent, the levels of Ep in the incubated media
      showed a marked increase to 222.9 +/- 5.26 mU/ml (n = 5) at 30 d of cultivation.
      Multicellular hemicysts (domes) developed after the cultured cells reached
      confluence and their numbers increased with increasing time in confluence in
      parallel with the increase in Ep. Meclofenamate (MF) (3 X 10(-6)-3 X 10(-5) M), a
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, produced a significant dose-related decrease
      in PGE2, Ep, and dome formation without producing a significant effect on cell
      viability in the 30-d cells. This inhibitory effect of MF on Ep production and
      dome formation was completely abolished by the addition of 10(-8) M PGE2 to the
      incubation medium. In conclusion, endogenous PGE2 plays an important role in
      supporting and/or stimulating Ep production and dome formation in cultured renal
      carcinoma cells.

PMID- 6434593
TI  - Production of chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cultured
      rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol.
AB  - Acute alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by infiltration of the liver
      parenchyma with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. As a possible explanation for this
      phenomenon, we have found that ethanol stimulates cultured rat hepatocytes to
      generate potent chemotactic activity. Hepatocytes (greater than 99% pure),
      isolated from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats, responded to incubation with
      ethanol (2.0-10 mM) by releasing chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes into culture supernatants in a time- and concentration-dependent
      fashion. Chemotactic activity was maximal after incubation of hepatocytes with 10
      mM ethanol for 6 h. It was undetectable in the absence of ethanol and was reduced
      in the presence of either the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole,
      or the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, cyanamide. Ethanol failed to
      stimulate generation of chemotactic activity by either rat dermal fibroblasts,
      hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, or Kupffer cells. The chemotactic activity
      generated by ethanol-treated rat hepatocytes was recovered from culture
      supernatants in the lipid phase after extraction with chloroform/methanol. Thin
      layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography of
      chloroform/methanol extracts demonstrated that the chemotactic factor probably is
      a polar lipid. This chemotactic lipid may account, in part, for the leukocytic
      infiltration of the liver parenchyma that is observed during the course of acute
      alcoholic hepatitis.

PMID- 6434594
TI  - Detection and partial characterization of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator
      in human platelets.
AB  - In this study, we demonstrate the presence of a previously undescribed
      fibrinolytic inhibitor in human serum. It has an apparent molecular weight of
      50,000 and is not detected in serum derived from platelet-poor plasma, suggesting
      that it originates from platelets. This conclusion is supported by a number of
      observations. For example, extracts of washed, gel-filtered human platelets
      contain an inhibitor of similar activity and size, and physiological
      concentrations of thrombin induce its release from the platelets. Moreover, the
      kinetics and dose dependency of this release are similar to those observed for
      the release of platelet factor 4, and the release of both molecules is blocked by
      pretreating the platelets with prostaglandin E1 and theophylline. Mixing
      experiments, which were devised to investigate the specificity of the inhibitor,
      showed that the fibrinolytic activity initiated by both urokinase and tissue-type
      plasminogen activator was blocked by platelet releasate in a dose-dependent
      manner. In both cases, the amount of inhibition increased when the releasates
      were preincubated with the purified activators, indicating a direct interaction
      between the activators and an inhibitor(s). The inhibitory activity was removed
      by preincubating the releasates with antiserum prepared against an antiactivator
      purified from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. These results indicate
      that platelets contain an inhibitor which is released by thrombin, inhibits both
      urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and is immunologically similar
      to an inhibitor produced by endothelial cells. This molecule may represent a new
      class of inhibitors, the antiactivators, which function together with alpha 2
      antiplasmin to regulate the fibrinolytic system of the blood. Its release from
      platelets by thrombin may protect the growing thrombus against premature
      dissolution initiated by plasminogen activators released by the endothelium.

PMID- 6434595
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral treatment of depressed affect among epileptics: preliminary
      findings.
AB  - Controlled study showed skills training for the management of depression in an
      epilepsy population to be effective. Cognitive-behavioral methods were utilized
      in a structured learning format with 13 clinically depressed epileptic
      "students." Significantly greater reductions in dysphoria/depression as measured
      by the Depression Adjective Checklist and the Generalized Contentment Scale
      occurred among Ss in the treatment group than among control group Ss. Significant
      decreases in anger and anxiety/stress and increases in social activities were
      noted on the Community Adjustment Questionnaire (CAQ). Similar trends were
      evident on the Beck Depression Inventory and the CAQ depression scale.

PMID- 6434596
TI  - A synopsis of federal-state sponsored preventive child health.
AB  - This synopsis presents data on the impact of services and evaluation issues for
      the nation's largest preventive child health program, the Early and Periodic
      Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment program (EPSDT). The information is drawn from
      a series of six EPSDT demonstration/evaluation (D/E) projects sponsored by the
      Health Care Financing Administration between 1972 and 1979. These projects were
      implemented in order to learn how to provide preventive services for children
      participating in the Medicaid program. The results of D/E activities are revised
      in a methodological framework as defined by principles of epidemiology and
      evaluation research. Consideration of the major threats to valid interpretation
      of the D/E findings shows self-selection to be the most serious methodological
      problem. Data pertaining to the history of use of preventive services, number of
      children found to have problems in screening, the treatment status and subjective
      seriousness of these problems, and the resolution of conditions referred to
      diagnosis and treatment are presented within the context of this methodological
      critique. The information thus assembled also provides the basis for further,
      more rigorous assessments of EPSDT program accountability.

PMID- 6434597
TI  - Emergency room leavers: a demographic and interview profile.
AB  - Emergency rooms are used frequently by patients who do not require urgent
      treatment. Furthermore, a small but sizable number of these patients in busy
      emergency rooms leave (walk out) before they are actually examined by medical
      personnel. Data were analyzed for all patients presenting to a university
      affiliated hospital emergency room during a one-year period. Six hundred forty
      four persons left the emergency room before being seen (leavers). Based on a code
      routinely assigned to their presenting complaint, patients were divided into
      urgent and nonurgent categories. A random sample of 100 leavers was matched with
      nonurgent stayers by age, sex, race, and shift of presentation. Information was
      collected from medical records and telephone interviews. A multiple discriminant
      analysis revealed the following profile of the leaver: a person who lives within
      21/2 miles of the hospital has either Medicare/caid or no medical insurance, has
      no private physician, and has a nonserious presenting complaint. Stayers, on the
      other hand, have more serious complaints, tend to have medical insurance, more
      often have a private physician, and may live at any distance from the hospital.
      In addition, leavers presented with drug, alcohol, or psychiatric problems more
      frequently than stayers. Leavers, on the average, spend 90 minutes waiting for
      treatment they never receive. This study characterizes a small but problematic
      subgroup for emergency department planners and suggests the need for community
      based health education and referral of such patients to primary care centers.

PMID- 6434598
TI  - Localizing spinal-cord-projecting neurons in adult albino rats.
AB  - Following horseradish peroxidase injection into the cervical and lumbosacral
      cords of adult albino rats, labeled neurons were seen in the first cervical
      segment, brain stem, and cerebellar and diencephalic nuclei. A new pathway, the
      faciospinal projection, originating in the medial portion of the rostral part of
      the facial nucleus, was traced. Another new pathway, the olivospinal pathway, is
      probably also present. Our results for neurons projecting to the spinal cord
      (spinal-projecting neurons) from the nucleus ambiuus, dorsal motor nucleus of the
      vagus, superior vestibular nucleus and nucleus f, nucleus Darshevch, nucleus
      Rolleri, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, and nucleus of the posterior commissure
      have been reported before in other mammals but not in rats. Projections from the
      following regions are in general agreement with previous results in rats, but
      show significant topographical differences: the first cervical segment; nuclei
      gracilis, cuneatus, and cuneatus lateralis; the midline and lateral reticular
      nuclear complex; the trigeminal nuclear complex (spinal, principal, and
      mesencephalic); nucleus of the tractus solitarius; the medial, lateral, and
      descending vestibular nuclei, nuclei coeruleus and subcoeruleus; superior
      colliculus; interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and the deep cerebellar nuclei. The
      distribution of labeled neurons in the nucleus parabrachialis, nucleus
      tegmentolaterodorsalis, nucleus Kolliker-Fuse, nucleus Edinger-Westphal, and the
      hypothalamic nuclear complex confirmed that of previous reports in rats. With the
      exception of a few nuclear groups which project primarily to either lumbosacral
      (e.g., the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) or cervical segments
      (e.g., the facial motor nucleus and the superior colliculus) most of the other
      nuclear groups project to both the lumbar and cervical levels. There is no
      distinct somatotopy in the neuronal groups projecting to both cervical and
      lumbosacral levels. With only a few exceptions (e.g., the superior vestibular
      nucleus) most of the spinal-projecting neurons are bilaterally distributed, some
      with contralateral and others with ipsilateral predominance.

PMID- 6434599
TI  - A monoclonal antibody against neurofilament protein specifically labels a
      subpopulation of rat sensory neurones.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (RT97) against neurofilament protein specifically and
      exclusively labelled a subpopulation of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones.
      For seven ganglia (L4 and T13) studied quantitatively the frequency distribution
      histograms of the size of labelled cells could be fitted by a single normal
      distribution whose parameters were extremely close to those of the normally
      distributed large light cell population in that ganglion. On this basis and on
      the basis of a statistical analysis of the results it was suggested that this
      antibody can be used as a much needed specific label for the large light
      population of neurones in rat DRGs. The small dark neurone population was not
      labelled by this antibody. In one ganglion the subjective analysis of whether
      each neurone was labelled or not was directly compared with microdensitometric
      measurements of reaction product intensity. This analysis supported the above
      conclusion, and furthermore no subdivisions of the labelled population were
      apparent on the basis of neuronal size plotted against intensity of the reaction
      product. Other neuronal cell bodies strongly labelled by this antibody were found
      in association with small unlabelled neurones not only in DRGs, but also in the
      trigeminal ganglion, the vagal ganglia, and the mesencephalic V nucleus, all of
      which are made up of primary afferent neurones and all of which are completely or
      partially derived from the neural crest. Sympathetic and central nervous system
      neuronal cell bodies were unlabelled or occasionally very lightly labelled
      although immunoreactive fibres abound in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6434600
TI  - Branching and laminar origin of projections between visual cortical areas in the
      cat.
AB  - The laminar distribution and branching pattern of corticocortical neurons were
      studied in areas 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and the lateral suprasylvian areas of the
      adult cat neocortex. This was done by examining the laminar position of single
      labelled neurons and the proportions of double-labelled cells in these areas
      after paired injections of the fluorescent retrograde labels fast blue and
      diamidino yellow in areas 17, 18, and 19 of the ipsilateral hemisphere. After
      injections in areas 18 and 19, the labelled neurons in area 17 were mostly
      confined to the supragranular layers, with a small proportion of labelled cells
      in lamina 5 and upper lamina 6. Double-labelled neurons were rare and were found
      in the region of overlap between the two populations of labelled cells. They were
      mostly found in the upper laminae but a few were observed in laminae 5 and 6. The
      cells projecting to either area were often grouped in patches which were seen to
      overlap or interdigitate depending on the region examined. As a population, the
      neurons projecting to area 18 occupied a deeper position in laminae 2 and 3 than
      those projecting to area 19. Labelled cells in area 18 after injections in areas
      17 and 19 were mostly found in the upper laminae with a few double-labelled cells
      which were restricted to the region of overlap between the two populations of
      labelled cells. The pattern of labelling in area 19 after injections in areas 17
      and 18 was different from the one seen in areas 17 and 18. Neurons were almost
      equally distributed between the supra- and infragranular layers and there was a
      substantial proportion of double-labelled neurons (10%) which tended to belong
      mostly to lamina 5 and upper lamina 6. In area PMLS, the laminar position of
      corticocortical cells was somewhat similar to the one observed in area 19, in
      that a substantial number of labelled neurons were found in the deep laminae,
      especially after injections in 17 or 18. After injections in area 19, labelled
      cells were mostly found in the upper layers. Double-labelled cells were numerous
      (20%) when the injections were placed in areas 17 and 18 but quite rare in the
      other cases (17-19 and 18-19). Most of the double-labelled neurons were found in
      the deep layers. After injections in areas 17, 18, and 19, labelled cells were
      found in area 20, thus demonstrating a hitherto unknown projection from area 20
      to areas 17 and 18. Labelled cells in area 20 were almost exclusively confined to
      the infragranular layers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6434601
TI  - Survival and infectivity of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis and var. hominis.
AB  - Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis served as a suitable model for the study of S.
      scabiei var. hominis survival. S. scabiei var. canis and var. hominis mites were
      found to survive off the host for 24 to 36 hours at room conditions (21 degrees C
      and 40% to 80% relative humidity [RH]), and the canine variety survived 19 days
      at 10 degrees C and 97% RH. Female mites survived decidedly longer than male
      mites at comparable conditions. Generally, higher RH values and lower
      temperatures favored survival, whereas higher temperature and lower RH led to
      early death. Most canine scabies mites that were held off the host for 36 hours
      at 75% RH and 22 degrees to 24 degrees C remained infective and penetrated when
      returned to the host. Live mites of the human variety that were recovered from
      bed linen slept on by infested patients would also penetrate a host after being
      held off a host for 96 hours in alternating 12-hour periods of room conditions
      and refrigeration. Penetration required less than 30 minutes for all life stages
      of both varieties, and it was accomplished by a mite secretion that dissolved the
      host tissue. Dislodged mites, particularly those in close proximity to the
      source, can be a likely source of infestation.

PMID- 6434602
TI  - Computer technology for nursing staff learning need assessment.

PMID- 6434603
TI  - Alternate ways of offering CE. Computerization: the key to a more efficient
      record keeping system.

PMID- 6434604
TI  - Moving into nursing management: a CE video program for RNs.

PMID- 6434605
TI  - Alternate ways of offering CE. The media and the mode.

PMID- 6434606
TI  - Computer assisted evaluation of problem solving skills of primary health care
      providers.

PMID- 6434608
TI  - Dorothy H. Coye. Interview by Patricia S. Yoder Wise.

PMID- 6434607
TI  - The development of a hospitalwide computerized employee and physician education
      record keeping system.

PMID- 6434609
TI  - Notes on continuing education. I don't make the rules, I play the game.

PMID- 6434610
TI  - University utilization and future programming needs: a survey of a university
      nursing community.

PMID- 6434611
TI  - Entering a native American community to assess nurses' continuing education
      needs.

PMID- 6434612
TI  - S.H.A.R.E.--a model for consortium building.

PMID- 6434613
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser treatment of granuloma faciale.

PMID- 6434614
TI  - Biochemical study on gangliosides in neurofibromas and neurofibrosarcomas of
      Recklinghausen's disease.

PMID- 6434615
TI  - The sealant question, once more.

PMID- 6434617
TI  - Position paper of the American College of Physicians, 16 January 1984. Long-term
      care of the elderly.

PMID- 6434616
TI  - Dilution factors for commercial enteral formulas.
AB  - Dietitians must evaluate the procedures used in their institutions for diluting
      commercial enteral formulas to ensure that the desired product strength is
      obtained. Development and implementation of a formula dilution chart (Table 2)
      save dietitians' or technicians' time and ensure accurate mathematical
      calculations. Dietitians must be aware of the nutrient content of the enteral
      products carried at their institutions, as well as the appropriate procedures for
      initiating, advancing, and maintaining a patient on an enteral formula.

PMID- 6434618
TI  - Age effects on alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration and imipramine plasma
      protein binding.
AB  - Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration and imipramine binding to plasma proteins
      were determined in a cohort of 69 subjects, aged 20-97 years. No subject had
      evidence of acute or chronic inflammatory disease or malignancy, or was receiving
      tricyclic antidepressant therapy. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration
      increased significantly with increasing age (r = 0.28; P less than 0.02).
      Imipramine percentage not bound to plasma proteins was negatively related to
      alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration (r = -0.30; P less than 0.01); however,
      there was no relationship between subject age and percentage imipramine unbound.
      Though alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration increases with advancing age,
      because only a small proportion of the variability is explained by age, with
      other undefined factors being more important, drugs predominantly bound to alpha
      1-acid glycoprotein such as imipramine may not have a clinically or statistically
      significant change in protein binding with increasing age in the absence of overt
      clinical illness.

PMID- 6434619
TI  - Emergency treatment of an acute ankle fracture in a chronic alcohol abuser.

PMID- 6434620
TI  - Meal size: role of reflexly induced insulin release.
AB  - The amount of a particular food consumed during a meal is dependent on its
      sensory properties; moreover more food is consumed during a several course meal
      than during a single course one. The underlying physiological mechanisms are
      still unclear, but based on recent data, several hypotheses could be suggested.
      The determining effect of the sensory qualities of food on amount eaten could be
      dependent only on a direct action of incoming sensory information on the brain
      control systems. Reflex insulin secretions are triggered by sensory contact with
      food or food cues; the so-induced insulin secretions might play a crucial role in
      meal size determination. Finally, brain opiates possibly involved in the brain
      reward system might stimulate oral intake to a larger or lesser degree according
      to the hedonic hedonic properties of the presented food. Experimental arguments
      supporting these suggestions are presented.

PMID- 6434621
TI  - Metabolic and feeding patterns: role of sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent
      pathways.
AB  - The continuous transfer of fuel from the blood to tissues, and its adjustment to
      the rate of energy metabolism involve close relationships between the control of
      endogenous stores and that of the periodic intake of food. Neural and blood-borne
      signals to the brain and efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways seem
      responsible for three different metabolic and feeding cycles. The matching of
      input and output of glucose to and from the blood, i.e. the regulation of the
      blood glucose level proper, is achieved by a short-term feedback mechanism which
      involves the action of insulin and glucagon on hepatic glucose production and
      peripheral glucose utilization. Oscillations in level of blood glucose, plasma
      insulin and glucagon in 8-11 min cycles, as observed in certain species,
      presumably reflect the play of this short-term regulation of the blood glucose
      level. The respective role of a pancreatic feedback and of a neural loop in this
      short-term regulation is discussed. Signals to brain targets and efferent
      pathways determine the periodic onset of meals after the energy ingested in the
      preceding meal has been exhausted in free-fed and briefly deprived rats. New
      evidence has been provided that the fall in blood glucose level exerts a decisive
      and direct action on the brain to determine meal onset and/or meal size.
      Superimposed on this prandial periodicity, a lipostatic mechanism modulates the
      feeding pattern in a dark-light periodicity by the alternation of fat synthesis
      and fat mobilization. The effects of VMH lesions and vagotomy, either combined or
      separately, on daily metabolic and feeding patterns suggest that the neural input
      to the pancreas and adipose tissues plays a primary role in this endogenous cycle
      and is also involved in the regulation of a constant fat body mass.

PMID- 6434622
TI  - [Folliculogenesis].

PMID- 6434623
TI  - [Preservation of the ovaries in peri-menopause].
AB  - The authors analyse the motivation for allowing conservation of healthy ovaries
      when surgical operations are being undertaken round about the time of the
      menopause. When patients who are at risk are excluded, and when pathological
      ovaries are excluded, as also when there is a technical impossibility of
      conserving the ovaries, they can be conserved. This implies that one should check
      the ovary that is left behind histologically, especially looking for the risk of
      cancer developing later. Although this is slight it nevertheless has to be
      emphasised. The authors further their argument by reference to the anatomical,
      physiological and hormonal state of the ovary around the time of the menopause.
      Although the hormonal state changes and is less intense with a relative increase
      in the secretion of D4 androstenedione and sometimes even of oestradiol, the
      ovary does remain an organ that secretes actively around the time of the
      menopause and even past the confirmed menopausal state. The inclination to
      conserve ovaries should not be a systematic one but every case should be
      considered on its own merits.

PMID- 6434624
TI  - [Osteogenic metaplasia or residual embryonic endometrial ossification?].
AB  - There are only about 90 cases described in the literature of the presence of an
      intra-uterine osseous structure--so the condition is not a common one. Often the
      aetiology is unknown. The purpose of this work is to describe the clinical
      picture and the anatomo-pathological characteristics on one form which leaves
      practically no doubt as to how the presence of bony structures in the uterus
      arise. We call this residual endometrial-ossification (O.R.E.) and note
      osteogenic or osseous metaplasia. We define O.R.E. as the presence of an osseous
      structure inside the uterus which does not arise from metaplasia of the cells of
      the endometrium.

PMID- 6434625
TI  - Fetal CO2 kinetics.
AB  - Knowledge of CO2 kinetics in the fetus is important for the design and
      interpretation of fetal metabolic studies that use carbon-labelled tracers. To
      study fetal CO2 kinetics, four fetal sheep were infused at constant rate with
      NaH14CO3 to simulate a constant rate of fetal 14CO2 production from the
      metabolism of a 14C-labelled substrate. Uterine and umbilical blood flows, and
      concentrations of 14CO2 and total CO2 in umbilical arterial and venous blood and
      in uterine arterial and venous blood were measured. During steady state, the
      excretion of 14CO2 via the umbilical circulation was 99.6 +/- 1.0 (SEM)% of the
      NaH14CO3 infusion rate. The irreversible disposal rate of CO2 molecules from the
      fetal CO2 pool was approximately 5 times greater than the metabolic production of
      CO2 by the fetus. This evidence demonstrates that measurements of fetal 14CO2
      excretion via the umbilical circulation can provide an accurate measurement of
      fetal 14CO2 production and that the exchange rate of CO2 molecules between
      placenta and fetal blood is much greater than the net rate of excretion of CO2
      molecules from fetus to placenta.

PMID- 6434626
TI  - Drugs and insomnia. A National Institutes of Health Consensus Report Synopsis.

PMID- 6434627
TI  - Evaluation of potassium pyroantimonate/sucrose/glutaraldehyde concentration and
      incubation time as essential variables for localizing calcium bound to organic
      compounds in epiphyseal chondrocytes.
AB  - The solution chemistry of potassium pyroantimonate (PA) was clarified, enabling
      preparation of stable concentrated PA solutions. The soluble conjugate base of PA
      determines the pH of the solution; therefore, the pH reflects the maximum amount
      of conjugate base dissolved ("saturated") in solution. Spontaneous precipitation
      occurs just below the "saturation" pH. Sucrose (S) stabilizes the conjugate base
      exponentially, with precipitation of the sucrose-stabilized PA occurring far
      below the saturation pH in alkaline solution and at the saturation pH in neutral
      solution. Using glutaraldehyde (G) at 4% concentration to preserve the cells and
      using 2-7% PASG solutions at pH 8.5, calcium bound to organic compounds was
      localized in the hypertrophied chondrocytes at the zone of calcification with
      optimal reaction. The minimal incubation time for optimal reaction increased with
      decreasing PA concentration; from 2 hr for 7% PA to 36 hr for 2% PA. With optimal
      reaction, electron-dense granules were localized in the nucleus, nuclear
      membrane, endoplasmic reticulum cisterns, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus,
      intercisternal matrix, plasma membrane, intercellular matrix, and calcospherules.
      Ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid immersion and X-ray microprobe studies of the
      electron-dense granules indicated calcium as the predominant cation. Control
      tissues with implanted tricalcium phosphate crystals, and reaction kinetic
      between PA and cellular calcium, indicated that the calcium localized was not due
      to translocation but to calcium bound to organic compound that is synthesized by
      the hypertrophied cells in the zone of calcification.

PMID- 6434628
TI  - Synthetic neoglycoproteins: a class of regents for detection of sugar-recognizing
      substances.
AB  - Specific interactions between proteins and sugars have recently been emphasized
      in many biological systems. To detect sugar-recognizing substances, known as
      lectin-like substances or endogenous lectins, we describe a method in which
      various sugars were covalently bound to a carrier protein such as albumin. This
      neoglycoprotein was stable at -20 degrees C for a period of 6 months. It was
      conjugated to various cytochemical markers (125I, fluorescein isothiocyanate,
      colloidal gold, or latex minibead). Detection of the marker then indicates the
      presence of the sugar-binding protein. Control experiments in the presence of
      unlabeled neoglycoprotein or specific sugar indicated the specificity of the
      reaction. This method was used to analyze the kinetics of binding for a mannose
      recognition system in the mouse peritoneal macrophages. The data obtained were in
      agreement with those previously reported. The method can be used for detection of
      other sugar-recognizing systems as virtually every simple sugar can be bound to a
      carrier protein to produce these neoglycoproteins. Some of the consideration
      required for successful production of these reagents are discussed. These
      synthetic neoglycoproteins are useful in studying the distribution and kinetics
      of sugar-recognizing systems and may help to further our understanding of this
      rapidly developing area.

PMID- 6434629
TI  - Determination of protein loss during aqueous and phase partition fixation using
      formalin and glutaraldehyde.
AB  - In phase partition fixation tissue is immersed in an organic solvent at
      equilibrium with an aqueous phase containing a fixing agent. By using
      radioisotope labeling techniques the effects of phase partition fixation on
      protein retention during fixation of tissue with formalin and glutaraldehyde have
      been determined and compared with those of standard aqueous fixation using these
      fixatives. It has been shown that retention of protein in tissue during phase
      partition fixation was as good or better than during aqueous fixation. Improved
      retention provides further evidence that phase partition fixation may be a useful
      alternative to aqueous fixation.

PMID- 6434630
TI  - Tumor-activated NK cells trigger monocyte oxidative metabolism.
AB  - We have examined the hypothesis that tumor cells can stimulate a respiratory
      burst by human natural killer (NK) cells in vitro as measured by luminol
      dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Percoll-purified NK cells, containing 40% HNK
      1+ cells and less than 1 to 4% esterase-positive contaminating monocytes, can
      generate a strong CL response after stimulation with the NK-susceptible K562
      tumor but not with the NK-resistant P815 tumor cells. Although the response was
      NK dependent, as shown by depletion with NK-directed monoclonal antibodies (HNK
      1, OKT-11, and OKM-1), the cell generating the CL response was not the NK cell.
      On the basis of several independent experimental approaches the CL response
      always required the presence of monocytes in the NK preparation. a) Treatment
      with a monocyte-specific monoclonal antibody (MO2) and complement completely
      abolished CL. b) The cells producing the CL response were strongly adherent to
      nylon wool columns (NWC), and large granular lymphocyte preparations containing
      less than 0.1% esterase-positive cells were inactive. c) NK cells cultured in IL
      2-containing medium and tested over several days did not generate CL. d) Optimal
      numbers of monocytes (less than 1 to 2%) added to a non-CL NWC-purified NK
      population restored CL, whereas larger or smaller amounts were ineffective.
      Neither these procedures nor the addition of superoxide dismutase (which
      completely blocked CL) had any effect on NK lytic activity. We subsequently
      demonstrated that a factor present in supernatants obtained from NK/K562
      incubations, but not from NK or tumor cells alone, could stimulate monocyte CL.
      We therefore propose that the CL response measured in NK-enriched Percoll
      fractions originated from contaminating monocytes that were triggered by
      factor(s) released from tumor-activated NK cells, and that superoxide anion was
      not required for NK lysis.

PMID- 6434631
TI  - Stimulation of immunoglobulin secretion in human B lymphocytes as a direct effect
      of high concentrations of IL 2.
AB  - In certain human IgM and IgG cell lines, immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion is highly
      stimulated by a B cell inducing factor (BIF) that is free of interleukin 2 (IL
      2). BIF also induces Ig secretion in purified peripheral blood B cell populations
      that have been mitogenically stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Low
      concentrations of IL 2 (less than 20 U/ml) are not active in these systems. We
      now show that IL 2 at concentrations above 100 U/ml can induce Ig secretion in
      these blood B cells and B cell lines. Both conventional IL 2, purified from the
      human JURKAT and gibbon MLA-144 cell lines, and recombinant IL 2 are active. Very
      high concentrations approaching 10(4) U/ml are optimal for Ig secretion. Antibody
      to the T cell IL 2 receptor, anti-Tac, did not inhibit stimulation of the IgM
      cell line SKW6.4 by IL 2, and no Tac antigen was detected on the cells. The 9B11
      monoclonal anti-IL 2 antibody that neutralizes T cell growth activity also
      abrogates stimulation of Ig secretion by conventional and recombinant IL 2 in the
      SKW6.4 cell line. However, the 1H11 monoclonal anti-(conventional thr3
      glycosylated IL 2), which does not neutralize T cell growth activity, does
      inhibit induction of Ig secretion by the corresponding IL 2 in the B cell line.
      These results suggest that IL 2 stimulates B cells via a low-affinity interaction
      with a receptor different from the Tac receptor identified on T cells, and that
      the active site on the IL 2 molecule for B cells differs from that for T cell
      targets. If IL 2 promotes Ig secretion by binding with a low affinity to the B
      cell BIF receptor, IL 2 and BIF could be homologous proteins.

PMID- 6434632
TI  - T cells from autoimmune "IL 2-defective" MRL-lpr/lpr mice continue to grow in
      vitro and produce IL 2 constitutively.
AB  - MRL-lpr/lpr mice and other autoimmune strains that bear the lpr gene develop a
      profound lymphadenopathy characterized by an expansion of a unique dull Lyt-1+2-
      T cell population. Because fresh splenic and lymph node T cells from such mice
      stimulated Con A in vitro are extremely defective in IL 2 production and
      proliferation, T cell lines derived from MRL-lpr/lpr spleens were established and
      maintained for several months, and were analyzed for their factor production to
      define their growth requirements. The results indicate that cultivation in vitro
      leads to constitutive production of IL 2 and the capacity to respond to growth
      factors, thereby facilitating the continuous proliferation of T cells bearing the
      dull Lyt-1+2- phenotype in vitro in the absence of exogenous antigen or mitogen.
      These studies indicate that MRL-lpr/lpr T cells have the ability to produce IL 2
      and to respond to IL 2 with long-term proliferation. In addition, the impaired
      responsiveness to Con A of fresh MRL-lpr/lpr lymph node T cells was found to be
      quite transitory, because even short-term culture allowed MRL lpr/lpr T cells to
      respond normally.

PMID- 6434633
TI  - Idiotypic analysis of anti-I-Ak monoclonal antibodies. I. Production and
      characterization of syngeneic anti-idiotypic mAb against an anti-I-Ak mAb.
AB  - To analyze the idiotype (Id) of anti-Ia antibodies elicited during alloimmune
      responses, we produced syngeneic mouse anti-Id monoclonal antibodies (mAb)
      reactive with the Id of the 11-5.2.1.9 (11-5) mouse anti-I-Ak (BALB/c anti-CKB)
      mAb. Two such anti-Id mAb, IA2 (IgG2a) and IIID1 (IgG1), detect structurally
      related idiotopes located within the binding site of 11-5 for I-Ak antigens. A
      third anti-Id mAb, VC6 (IgG1), detects an idiotope located either inside or
      outside of, but presumably proximal to, the 11-5 antigen-binding site, because
      its expression correlates with the antigenic specificity of 11-5. None of the
      idiotopes detectable by these three anti-Id mAb are accessible when the binding
      site of 11-5 is occupied by an I-Ak molecule. The association constants of these
      anti-Id mAb for their cognate Fab-linked Id range from 2 X 10(9) to 1 X 10(10) M
      1. The three anti-Id-producing hybridomas were found with a frequency of 0.008%
      among growing hybrid colonies. Even though these anti-Id mAb detect public
      idiotopes (IdX) on 11-5, they do not detect the presence of such IdX markers in
      the sera of five syngeneic BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with C3H (I-Ak) spleen
      cells. This suggests that 11-5 represents a BALB/c idiotype infrequently
      expressed by serum immunoglobulins. The 11-5 idiotopes detectable by IA2, IIID1,
      and VC6 seem to be conformationally determined by the interaction of 11-5 H and L
      chains and are not confined to one or the other of these subunit polypeptides.
      Thus, the expression of the 11-5 Id may be regulated by both VH and VL genes.

PMID- 6434634
TI  - Capsular polysaccharides of nongroupable streptococci that cross-react with
      pneumococcal group 19.
AB  - The cross-reactivity and chemical characterization of the nongroupable
      streptococcal and pneumococcal group 19 polysaccharides (PS) have been studied.
      Extensive cross-reactions were observed between capsular PSs of streptococcal
      strains 14636/74, 4907, 4731 and pneumococcal type 19F and 19A antisera.
      Streptococcal 14636/74 PS had an identical composition to that of pneumococcal
      19F PS. Type 19F and 14636/74 PS were composed of equimolar amounts of rhamnose,
      glucose, N-acetyl mannosamine, and phosphorus. The capsular PS of strains 4731
      and 4907 contained rhamnose, glucose, ribose, N-acetyl mannosamine, and N-acetyl
      glucosamine in different molar ratios. Extensive immunologic reactivity was
      observed between the 19F and 14636/74 PS, as determined by light scattering rate
      nephelometry, passive immune hemolysis, and precipitin reaction. There was an
      identity reaction by immunodiffusion between type 19F and 14636/74 PS when
      reacted with rabbit antiserum against either organism. Biochemical studies showed
      that strain 14636/74 was not a pneumococcus, because it was optochin resistant,
      was bile insoluble, did not possess the C-carbohydrate antigen common to all
      pneumococci, and produced neither pneumolysin nor IgA protease. Furthermore, it
      grew in comparatively simple media in contrast to the complex nutritional
      requirements of pneumococci. The 13C-NMR spectra of the 19F and 14636/74 PS were
      identical. These two capsular PS can, therefore, be considered identical.

PMID- 6434635
TI  - Mechanisms of resistance to the intracellular protozoan Encephalitozoon cuniculi
      in mice.
AB  - Mechanisms of resistance to the obligate intracellular protozoan Encephalitozoon
      cuniculi were studied in BALB/c mice. Resistance to lethal disease was T cell
      dependent because transfer of T-enriched, but not T-depleted, spleen cells from
      sensitized BALB/c donors would protect infected BALB/c-nu mice. A modified focus
      forming assay was utilized to measure effects on E. cuniculi infectivity in
      vitro. The results show that antibodies exert an opsonization effect and may
      block parasite entry into nonphagocytic cells. No cytotoxic T cells were
      demonstrated. Supernatants from E. cuniculi-sensitized spleen cells incubated
      with E. cuniculi in vitro could induce adherent PEC to kill E. cuniculi.

PMID- 6434636
TI  - Structure of a germline rabbit immunoglobulin V kappa-region gene: implications
      for rabbit V kappa-J kappa recombination.
AB  - Rabbit kappa-immunoglobulin chains exhibit diversity in the number of amino acids
      between the invariant residues Cys 88 and Phe 98; this length diversity is
      formally similar to that found in the human and mouse heavy chain systems, in
      which it results from interposition of the D element between V and J. To explore
      the molecular basis for this length diversity in rabbit kappa-chains we have
      determined the nucleotide sequence of a rabbit germline V kappa immunoglobulin
      gene. The spacing between the 7-mer and 9-mer signal elements of this gene
      suggest that it could recombine with J kappa without a D element. We discuss
      alternative explanations for the length diversity of rabbit kappa-chains.

PMID- 6434637
TI  - Amino acid sequence diversity in mouse lambda 2 variable regions.
AB  - The lambda-chains of immunoglobulins from BALB/c mice constitute the simplest
      system presently available for studying patterns of variable-region diversity.
      The limited number of V lambda and J lambda germ-line gene segments facilitates
      comparison of expressed and germ-line sequences. We report here the complete
      amino acid sequence of the variable regions of three lambda 2 chains and of one
      chain representing a V lambda 2----J lambda 3 rearrangement. Together with the
      previously determined sequence of the lambda 2 chain from myeloma MOPC-315, the
      results illustrate the following types of variable-region diversification:
      expression of a single V gene segment with more than one J segment, variability
      at the V-J junction, and presumably, somatic mutation in V and in J. The extent
      of somatic diversification in these lambda 2 chains is limited, consistent with
      results obtained previously with lambda 1 chains.

PMID- 6434638
TI  - H-40, an antigen controlled by an Igh-linked gene and recognized by cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes. II. Recognition of H-40 as a tumor antigen in leukemic animals.
AB  - C.B-20 (Ighb) but not (C.B-20 X BALB/c)F1 mice reject BCL1, a sIg+ tumor that
      spontaneously arose in an Igh congenic BALB/c (Igha) mouse. C.B-20 immune T cells
      from mice immunized with either BCL1 or BALB/c splenocytes adoptively transfer
      tumor protection to sublethally irradiated C.B-20 but not BALB/c or (BALB/c X C.B
      20)F1 mice. These data suggest that BALB/c and BCL1 share an antigen, which if
      present in the host prevents the immune cells from eradicating the tumor. The
      antigen is controlled by H-40, a gene that maps to the C end of the Igh complex,
      telomeric to Tsu and in the region of Pre-1. The ability of H-40 to act as a
      tumor antigen for other BALB/c tumors inoculated into C.B-20 hosts was
      investigated. H-40 did not elicit rejection of P1798 (T lymphoma), Meth A
      (fibrosarcoma), or MOPC-315 (alpha, lambda myeloma) tumor cells. C.B-20 mice that
      previously rejected BCL1, however, showed partial resistance to a low challenge
      dose of the MOPC-104E (mu, lambda myeloma) tumor. These data suggest that H-40
      has a differential degree of expression on BALB/c tumor cells. The ability of the
      adoptively transferred cells to confer protection against BCL1 is abrogated by
      pretreatment of the cells with anti-Lyt-1 or anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. However, an
      admixture of anti-Lyt-1- and anti-Lyt-2-treated cells provided protection. These
      data, together with the results detected by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity
      in vitro, indicate that H-40 can serve as a target antigen for tumor rejection by
      CTL in allogeneic hosts. The implications of the results for allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation into leukemic individuals who benefit from a graft vs
      leukemia effect are discussed.

PMID- 6434639
TI  - Lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid by subcellular preparations from murine
      keratinocytes.
AB  - In these studies, we examined the possibility that cell-free preparations from
      murine keratinocytes possess 5-lipoxygenase activity in addition to the well
      established cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) in these cells. Our
      data demonstrated that the high-speed (105,000 g) supernatant preparations of the
      murine keratinocytes metabolized [14C]AA into labeled lipoxygenase products.
      Portions of these radioactive metabolites cochromatographed and comigrated with
      12-HETE (a marker for 12-lipoxygenase pathway) and with authentic LTB4 (a marker
      for 5-lipoxygenase pathway) on silicic acid column chromatography and by thin
      layer chromatography (TLC) in two solvent systems respectively. Identity of the
      novel 14C which comigrated with LTB4 on both TLC and column chromatography was
      verified further by cochromatography of the free acid with authentic LTB4 on a
      reverse phase (RP) and the methyl esters on a straight phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Incubation of the cell-free preparations with [14C]AA in the
      presence of ETYA, NDGA (inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways)
      as well as with 15-HETE (an inhibitor of lipoxygenase pathway) resulted in
      decreased formation of [14C] 12-HETE and the [14C]LTB4-like metabolite. On the
      contrary, incubations of the cell-free extracts with [14C] AA in the presence of
      indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) resulted in increased biosynthesis of
      the labeled lipoxygenase metabolites. These data indicate the existence of
      enzymes in soluble fraction of murine keratinocyte which can catalyze the
      transformation of [14C] AA into products of both the 12- and 5-lipoxygenase
      pathways.

PMID- 6434640
TI  - Conjugation of plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to other Neisseria species:
      potential reservoirs for the beta-lactamase plasmid.
AB  - The discovery that penicillinase production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae was plasmid
      mediated and the spread of the beta-lactamase encoding plasmids in gonococcal
      isolates since 1976, raise the possibility that a nonpathogenic indigenous
      bacterium could serve as a reservoir for these plasmids. We initiated studies to
      define the ability of commensal Neisseria species and Branhamella catarrhalis
      strains, as well as strains of the pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, to serve as
      recipients in conjugation with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We found that with N.
      gonorrhoeae as the donor, 3 of 5 Neisseria cinerea, 2 of 5 Neisseria flava, 0 of
      1 Neisseria flavescens, 1 of 3 Neisseria subflava, 0 of 6 B. catarrhalis, 0 of 7
      Neisseria lactamica, 1 of 5 Neisseria mucosa, 1 of 7 Neisseria perflava/sicca,
      and 0 of 13 N. meningitidis strains gave detectable conjugation frequencies
      (greater than 10(-8). N. cinerea was the only species found to maintain the
      gonococcal conjugal plasmid (pLE2451). A N. cinerea transconjugant containing
      pLE2451 was observed to transfer both the beta-lactamase plasmid and pLE2451 to
      N. gonorrhoeae at high frequency.

PMID- 6434641
TI  - Dopa-oxidase activity on ICRC bacilli.
AB  - Presence of O-phenoloxidase is regarded as M. leprae specific character. This
      enzyme activity was found to be present in ICRC bacilli, Strain C-44. Though this
      strain is cultivable 'in vitro', the expression of DOPA-Oxidase activity strongly
      suggests that it carries M. leprae genome. The ICRC bacilli, therefore, may thus
      from a group of M. leprae culture isolates, distinct from other known cultivable
      mycobacteria which do not possess this enzyme activity.

PMID- 6434642
TI  - Alanine dehydrogenase in mycobacteria--a preliminary report.
AB  - Various mycobacterial species namely M. phlei, M. vaccae, M. scrofulaceum, M.
      avium and M. tuberculosis have been investigated for the presence of enzyme
      alanine dehydrogenase which could be important for utilization of alanine by TCA
      cycle. It was found that alanine dehydrogenase was present in all species of
      mycobacteria tested irrespective of the fact whether they are rapid or slow
      growers. Electrophoretic mobilities of alanine dehydrogenase from different
      species of mycobacteria were not found to be significant for taxonomical
      differentiation of rapid and slow growers.

PMID- 6434643
TI  - [Serologic and clinical studies of chlamydial infection in children with
      respiratory tract infection].

PMID- 6434644
TI  - [Serological techniques for detection of capsul antigens in bacterial
      infections].

PMID- 6434645
TI  - [Suppression of IgE antibody production by component of Vibrio cholerae].

PMID- 6434646
TI  - [Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from patients with urethritis].

PMID- 6434647
TI  - [Studies on the clinical application of pneumococcal vaccine. Distribution of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae in Japan].

PMID- 6434648
TI  - [Case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in the aged].

PMID- 6434649
TI  - [Case of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia associated with respiratory syncytial
      (RS) virus bronchiolitis].

PMID- 6434650
TI  - [Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese, determined by
      microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen].

PMID- 6434651
TI  - [Studies on the bactericidal activities of neutrophils and macrophages treated
      with cyclophosphamide].

PMID- 6434652
TI  - [Evaluation of anti-group A streptococcal polysaccharide antibodies among healthy
      school children].

PMID- 6434653
TI  - [Pathogens and clinical features of recent infectious enteritis in adults with
      emphasis on Campylobacter jejuni].

PMID- 6434654
TI  - [Studies on composition of pharyngeal flora in the aged].

PMID- 6434655
TI  - [Distribution of clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens by bacteriocin typing:
      a comparison of bacteriocin types between two distant university hospitals].

PMID- 6434656
TI  - [Suppressive effects of IgE antibody formation of orally administered living and
      killed Vibrio cholerae cells in mice].

PMID- 6434657
TI  - [Pasteurella multocida septicemia associated with pleuritis and pericarditis].

PMID- 6434658
TI  - [A child case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia].

PMID- 6434659
TI  - [A case of septic pulmonary emboli due to Peptostreptococcus associated with
      liver abscess].

PMID- 6434660
TI  - [Studies on anti-neuraminidase antibody response in serum after inoculation of
      influenza hemagglutinin vaccines].

PMID- 6434661
TI  - [A study of group B Streptococcus with special reference to the relationship
      between serological types and virulence].

PMID- 6434662
TI  - [Efficacy of an antimicrobial drug in the experimental model of intracutaneous
      infection in the guinea-pig caused by Bacteroides fragilis].

PMID- 6434663
TI  - [Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from diarrheal and non-diarrheal dogs and
      serotyping of the isolates by slide agglutination technique].

PMID- 6434664
TI  - [The observation on infective endocarditis, myocarditis and pericarditis in
      infancy and childhood in Japan].

PMID- 6434665
TI  - [Seroepidemiological studies on an epidemic of influenza--an epidemic of
      influenza type B as examined with serological reactions as indicators].

PMID- 6434666
TI  - [A trial in infection prevention in autologous bone marrow transplantation by
      selective intestinal decontamination].

PMID- 6434667
TI  - [A case of pneumonia due to Salmonella enteritidis].

PMID- 6434668
TI  - [A case of African trypanosomiasis].

PMID- 6434669
TI  - [Campylobacter fetus meningitis in an adult male].

PMID- 6434670
TI  - [The effect of nitroglycerin ointment on the hemodynamics in patients with
      aortocoronary bypass grafting].

PMID- 6434671
TI  - Cancer of the esophagus in Europe.

PMID- 6434672
TI  - [Recent progress in brain-gut peptide research].

PMID- 6434673
TI  - [Mechanism of dual control of adenylate cyclase: with reference to nucleotide
      regulatory proteins].

PMID- 6434674
TI  - Renal ischemic injury in the dog: characterization and effect of various
      pharmacologic agents.
AB  - Renal ischemia has been implicated as a major factor in the pathogenesis of acute
      renal failure. Despite several differences between the intrarenal norepinephrine
      infusion and renal artery occlusion models, they have been assumed to be
      prototypic models of ischemic renal injury. In our previous studies, an
      intrarenal infusion of norepinephrine caused a marked reduction in inulin
      clearance 3 hours after infusion. This reduction could be significantly
      attenuated by the concurrent infusion of mannitol, furosemide, or bradykinin. The
      effects of these three protective agents were evaluated before and after variable
      durations of renal artery occlusion to establish the similarities between the
      models and the magnitude of versatility of these protective agents. In the renal
      artery occlusion model, capsular fascia was stripped to eliminate collateral flow
      and ensure maximal renal ischemia. Three hours after 120 minutes of renal artery
      occlusion (n = 7), inulin clearance returned to 5.7% +/- 2.2% (SEM) of the
      control values and was not statistically different from that observed in the
      norepinephrine model. Intrarenal infusion of mannitol, furosemide, or bradykinin
      prior to and during the occlusion period, however, had no protective effect.
      Shorter durations of renal artery occlusion were evaluated to ensure an
      equivalent or decreased severity of acute renal failure compared with the
      norepinephrine model. After 90 or 60 minutes of renal artery occlusion, the
      clearance of inulin returned to 10.9% +/- 3.3% (n = 8) and 31.1% +/- 8.2% (n = 4)
      of control values, respectively. An intrarenal infusion of mannitol, furosemide,
      or bradykinin still had no significant protective effect, despite the decreased
      insult in the 60-minute renal artery occlusion studies. In summary, these
      findings demonstrate fundamental differences between renal artery occlusion and
      the norepinephrine model of renal functional impairment, and they suggest that
      the insult associated with norepinephrine infusion may involve factors other than
      cessation of blood flow.

PMID- 6434675
TI  - Phospholipid methylation in the calcium-dependent release of arachidonate for
      prostaglandin synthesis in renal medulla.
AB  - Exposure of rat renal inner medullary slices to arginine vasopressin in the
      presence of Ca2+ or the addition of Ca2+ to Ca2+-deprived slices incubated with
      or without ionophore A23187 increases the release of labeled arachidonic acid and
      the accumulation of immunoreactive prostaglandin E by 1.5- to fivefold. The
      transmethylation inhibitor homocysteine thiolactone (250 to 500 mumol/L)
      suppresses or abolishes these actions of arginine vasopressin or Ca2+ (+/-
      A23187). Combined addition of a submaximal inhibitory concentration of
      homocysteine thiolactone and the methylation inhibitor 3-deazaadenosine also
      abolished the actions of arginine vasopressin or Ca2+ to stimulate release of
      labeled arachidonic acid and immunoreactive prostaglandin E. The effects of both
      homocysteine thiolactone and 3-deazaadenosine are thought to be expressed through
      intracellular formation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a potent competitive
      inhibitor of the cellular methylating moiety S-adenosyl-L-methionine. In
      contrast, methylation inhibitors had no effect on basal 3H-arachidonic acid or
      immunoreactive prostaglandin E release, the 10- to 12-fold increases in iPGE
      induced by exogenous arachidonic acid, or on basal and AVP-induced increases in
      inner medullary slice cyclic AMP. The suppressive effects of the methylation
      inhibitors on increases in 3H-arachidonic acid and immunoreactive prostaglandin E
      accumulation in slice incubates in response to arginine vasopressin or Ca2+ (+/-
      A23187) were correlated with their ability to inhibit the incorporation of 3H
      methionine into slice phosphatidyl-L-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N
      dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. In isolated microsomes, the
      incorporation of label from S-adenosyl-L-methionine into microsomal phospholipids
      was similarly suppressed by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Neither arginine
      vasopressin nor Ca2+ (+/- A23187) detectably influenced the incorporation of
      labeled methionine into inner medullary slice phospholipids or S-adenosyl-L
      methionine--mediated methylation of phospholipids in isolated microsomes.
      However, incubation of inner medullary microsomes with S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      under conditions leading to phospholipid methylation increased both Ca2+
      responsive phospholipase A2 and C activities approximately twofold. The increases
      induced by S-adenosyl-L-methionine were blocked by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Our
      results are consistent with a permissive role for phospholipid methylation in
      expression of the effects of Ca2+ and arginine vasopressin on inner medullary 3H
      arachidonic acid release for immunoreactive prostaglandin E synthesis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6434676
TI  - The enzyme glutathione peroxidase in arachidonic acid metabolism of human
      platelets.
AB  - We investigated the possible regulatory role of glutathione peroxidase on
      thromboxane formation by reducing peroxides in platelets. Experiments carried out
      in platelet lysates demonstrated that the burst of the arachidonate metabolism
      was accompanied by a simultaneous burst of hydrogen transfer from glutathione to
      peroxides, catalyzed by endogenous glutathione peroxidase. The burst of hydrogen
      transfer was partially inhibited by acetylsalicylate concurrently with the
      complete inhibition of malondialdehyde formation, thus suggesting that the
      hydrogen acceptor peroxides were derived in part from the cyclooxygenase pathway.
      Moreover, increasing glutathione peroxidase activity by adding purified enzyme to
      the incubation media decreases thromboxane formation. Intact platelets,
      stimulated with arachidonic acid or thrombin, produced malondialdehyde and
      thromboxane in amounts roughly inversely related to the endogenous glutathione
      peroxidase activity. In contrast, no correlation was observed between glutathione
      peroxidase activity and agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Our experiments
      suggest that in normal platelets, glutathione peroxidase controls thromboxane
      formation.

PMID- 6434677
TI  - A cost analysis approach to optimizing test selection.

PMID- 6434678
TI  - Urinary cholesterol: its association with a macromolecular protein-lipid complex.
AB  - The cholesterol-containing complexes in the urine of normal subjects and patients
      with diseases accompanied by hyperexcretion of urinary cholesterol were
      characterized. In normal subjects, the major portion of the recovered urinary
      cholesterol was eluted in the void volume fractions after gel chromatography on
      Bio-Gel A-5m; this suggested an association with a macromolecular complex above 5
      X 10(6) daltons. A comparable elution pattern was seen in most of the urines of
      the patients with benign or malignant diseases of the kidneys or the urogenital
      tract. However, in single patients with hyperexcretion of urinary cholesterol,
      considerable amounts of cholesterol were detected in the included volume of the
      column. This was caused by additional excretion of high density lipoproteins or
      both high and low density lipoproteins in the urine which could be identified in
      these fractions by agarose electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. These results
      indicate that the macromolecular complex represents the majority of the recovered
      urinary cholesterol in normal subjects and in disease states with known
      hyperexcretion. Macroscopically, the isolated cholesterol-containing complex in
      the void volume fractions was turbid, and electron microscopy showed lipoprotein
      like particles with diameters ranging from 300 to 700 A. The chemical analysis
      revealed median values of protein (46.0%), triglycerides (16.3%), cholesterol
      (8.2%), and phospholipids (29.5%) in normal subjects and comparable results in
      the patients with benign or malignant diseases of the kidney and the urogenital
      tract. Ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and
      phosphatidylserine were the main phospholipid components. After
      ultracentrifugation in a CsCl gradient, the cholesterol-containing complex was
      found between densities 1.1 and 1.3 g/ml. By SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis,
      up to 17 protein subunits in the molecular weight range of 14,000 to 87,500 were
      separated. Immunodiffusion studies showed in about 40% precipitin lines against
      anti-human albumin, but no reactions against anti-human apoHDL and anti-human
      apoLDL. However, immunodiffusion of the macromolecular complex against anti-liver
      specific and anti-kidney-specific lipoproteins revealed single precipitin lines.
      In conclusion, the isolated cholesterol-containing urinary complex showed many
      characteristics of membrane-associated protein-lipid particles of the human
      kidney and even the liver. These proteolipids are the major source of urinary
      cholesterol in normal and disease states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6434679
TI  - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer activity from
      the isolated perfused rabbit liver.
AB  - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer
      activity accumulate linearly in the recirculated medium of the isolated perfused
      rabbit liver. The appearance of both activities in the perfusate was blocked by
      the addition of 10 microM colchicine, indicating that these two proteins are
      synthesized and secreted by the liver. CE transfer activity catalyzed the net
      transport of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoprotein (donor) to very low
      and low density lipoproteins (acceptor), both in the perfusate medium and in
      whole rabbit blood plasma. The activity of LCAT in the perfusate was dependent on
      the presence of the major protein of the high density lipoprotein class, apoA-I.
      The similar properties of LCAT and CE transfer activity in rabbit liver perfusate
      and plasma, compared to these same activities in human blood, suggest that the
      rabbit is an appropriate model for the study of the cholesterol transport system
      in man.

PMID- 6434680
TI  - Light chain disease with hypergammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 6434681
TI  - Varying sensitivity to the negative oestrogen feedback during the ovarian cycle
      of female rats: evidence for the involvement of oestrogen and the medial preoptic
      area.
AB  - The gonadotrophic response to a single injection of oestradiol benzoate (OB) was
      studied in acutely ovariectomized adult rats during the different stages of a 4
      day ovarian cycle. The results showed a sudden decline of the sensitivity to the
      gonadotrophin-inhibiting effect of OB between metoestrus and dioestrus. This
      desensitization to the negative oestrogen feedback was probably caused by an
      oestrogen action on the medial preoptic area (MPOA). In rats ovariectomized and
      implanted with OB in the MPOA in metoestrus, an s.c. injection of OB on the
      presumptive day of pro-oestrus did not lower the circulating LH and FSH levels,
      whereas a clear suppression of gonadotrophin secretion was seen in females
      implanted with cholesterol in the MPOA or implanted with OB in the hypothalamic
      ventromedial-arcuate region. Similar findings were obtained in rats which had
      been ovariectomized 3-4 weeks before implantation. A final experiment
      demonstrated that bilateral lesioning of the MPOA also reduced the sensitivity to
      the negative feedback action of oestrogen in long-term ovariectomized rats. In
      all experiments performed, diminution of the oestrogen-induced inhibition of LH
      secretion was more marked than that of suppression of FSH secretion. It is
      proposed that desensitization to the negative oestrogen feedback, probably
      resulting from an inhibitory oestrogen action on medial preoptic neurones, is a
      prerequisite for adequate gonadotrophic support of preovulatory follicle
      maturation in the presence of a continuously rising oestrogen concentration in
      the blood.

PMID- 6434682
TI  - Increase in ovulation rate after active immunization of sheep with inhibin
      partially purified from bovine follicular fluid.
AB  - Four Romney ewes were actively immunized with a partially purified preparation of
      inhibin derived from bovine follicular fluid and their ovulation rates in four
      successive oestrous cycles were compared with those of four ewes receiving
      adjuvant alone. The ovulation rates of the ewes immunized with the inhibin
      preparation were significantly higher than those of the control ewes (2.06 +/-
      0.16 (S.E.M.) vs 1.31 +/- 0.06 ovulations/ewe, n = 4). Plasma concentrations of
      FSH and LH, measured in blood samples taken three times a week for 11 weeks,
      during which time each ewe was immunized three times, were not significantly
      different between the two treatment groups. These results suggest that active
      immunization with inhibin-enriched follicular fluid may be a potential means of
      increasing fecundity in sheep.

PMID- 6434683
TI  - Seasonal testosterone profile and testicular responsiveness to pituitary factors
      and gonadotrophin releasing hormone during two different phases of the sexual
      cycle of the frog (Rana esculenta).
AB  - Plasma and testicular testosterone concentrations in the frog, Rana esculenta,
      were studied by radioimmunoassay and showed similar seasonal fluctuations. The
      increase in testicular androgen during November preceded that occurring in the
      plasma by 2 months. Pituitary products and gonadotrophin releasing hormone, and
      the responsiveness of the testis to these substances play an important role in
      determining the hormone profile.

PMID- 6434684
TI  - Dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release from pituitary glands of the
      domestic fowl incubated in vitro.
AB  - Anterior pituitary glands from broiler fowl were incubated by themselves, with
      hypothalamic tissue or with thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in medium
      containing dopamine and its antagonist pimozide. The presence of hypothalamic
      tissue or TRH resulted in a stimulation of release of prolactin. Neither dopamine
      nor pimozide affected prolactin release directly from the pituitary gland.
      Dopamine inhibited the release of prolactin stimulated by hypothalamic tissue or
      TRH, in a concentration-dependent fashion. Pimozide diminished the response to
      dopamine. After pituitary glands were preincubated for 20 h in medium containing
      oestradiol-17 beta, the basal release of prolactin was enhanced as was the
      response to TRH. Both basal and TRH-stimulated release of prolactin from the
      oestrogen-primed pituitary glands was inhibited by dopamine, an effect blocked by
      pimozide. Hypothalami from broiler fowl were incubated for up to 8 h in medium
      containing dopaminergic drugs and pituitary glands were incubated in this medium,
      alone or with pimozide. As indicated by the prolactin released by the pituitary
      glands, the hypothalami appeared to secrete prolactin-releasing activity in a
      time-related fashion. Dopaminergic activity was also present in the hypothalami,
      since pimozide enhanced the prolactin-releasing activity of the medium. Dopamine
      apparently inhibited and pimozide stimulated the secretion of releasing activity
      from the hypothalamus. These results suggest that dopamine inhibits release of
      prolactin directly from the pituitary gland only when prolactin secretion is
      high. The hypothalamus secretes at least two factors regulating prolactin
      secretion, a prolactin-releasing factor and a dopaminergic prolactin-inhibiting
      factor. Dopamine may also play an inhibitory role in the regulation of secretion
      of the prolactin-releasing factor.

PMID- 6434685
TI  - Inhibin-like activity in media from cultured rat granulosa cells collected
      throughout the oestrous cycle.
AB  - Granulosa cells of antral ovarian follicles from adult 5-day cyclic rats were
      cultured on each day of the cycle. The rat granulosa cell conditioned medium
      (rGCCM) was harvested and renewed on each day of a 4-day culture period. Inhibin
      like activity and progesterone were estimated in rGCCM using an in-vitro bioassay
      system with dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells and radioimmunoassay
      respectively. Removal of steroids from rGCCM with dextran-coated charcoal was
      effective and did not significantly change the inhibin-like activity of the
      treated samples. On day 1 of culture the inhibin-like activity of rGCCM for each
      day of the oestrous cycle was 20-90% higher than on days 2, 3 and 4 of culture
      when low and constant levels were observed. Media collected after culture on days
      1 and 2 from pro-oestrous cells contained larger amounts of inhibin-like activity
      than media collected on the other days of the cycle. On day 1 of culture, rGCCM
      from pro-oestrous cells contained higher concentrations of progesterone than that
      from cells collected on the other days of the cycle. On days 2, 3 and 4
      progesterone levels in rGCCM were undetectable (less than 320 pmol/l) except in
      media from pro-oestrous cultures on day 2. Addition of FSH (62 micrograms/l) to
      granulosa cell cultures in medium with or without 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) did
      not alter the inhibin-like activity of rGCCM from pro-oestrous cells. The
      presence of FCS maintained the production of inhibin-like activity since rGCCM
      from cells cultured without FCS was devoid of FSH-suppressing activity after 3
      days of culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434686
TI  - Presence of a neurophysin-like precursor in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas).
AB  - A glycoprotein of neurohypophysial origin was found to have cofractionated with
      FSH prepared from pituitary glands of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. Antiserum
      raised against this preparation contained high antibody titres and affinity for
      the neurohypophysial component and allowed development of a specific
      radioimmunoassay to monitor its purification and distribution in the brain.
      Immunocytochemistry revealed that the glycoprotein was concentrated in the pars
      nervosa and associated nerve tracts passing through the median eminence to the
      supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; similar distributions were observed in
      turtles and rats. The antiserum to the turtle material bound radiolabelled rat
      vasopressin (VP)-neurophysin and precipitated precursors of this neurophysin, but
      it did not cross-react with rat oxytocin-neurophysin. An amino-terminal alanine
      was also consistent with the structure of rat VP-neurophysin, but the turtle
      molecule was larger than the corresponding rat molecule. Limited tryptic digests
      of the turtle glycoprotein contained two components, one of which bound to lysine
      VP. Both components contained carbohydrate, but only the one which bound to VP
      cross-reacted in a radioimmunoassay for rat VP-neurophysin. The apparent surge in
      plasma immuno-FSH at the time of oviposition previously described in the turtle
      probably represented release of a neurophysin-like 'carrier' molecule associated
      with secretion of the neurohypophysial hormone (e.g. arginine vasotocin; AVT)
      responsible for oviduct contractility. These data suggest that the
      neurohypophysial glycoprotein represents a partially processed AVT precursor and
      provide the first biochemical evidence of a mammalian-like biosynthetic pathway
      for neurohypophysial hormones in a non-mammalian species.

PMID- 6434687
TI  - Long-term cultures of murine fetal liver retain very early B lymphoid phenotype.
AB  - Long-term cultures of murine fetal liver have been successfully established using
      a modification of our in vitro bone marrow culture system (14, 15). Fetal liver
      cells from midgestation BALB/c embryos were plated onto BAB-14 bone marrow
      stromal cell-adherent layers. After a 3-5 wk period, cell growth began to
      increase and these cells were expanded in number on fresh feeder layers. The
      cultured fetal liver cells were lymphoid in morphology, 5-20% cytoplasmic Ig
      positive, but less than 1% surface Ig-positive. Southern blot analysis of the
      cultured fetal liver cells, as well as cultured bone marrow-derived B cells,
      demonstrated a population with germline Ig heavy chain loci, possibly
      representing very early B cell precursors. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)
      clonal transformants of such cultured fetal liver cells had a phenotypic
      distribution similar to that seen with fresh fetal liver transformants but
      distinct from those obtained with the transformation of either cultured or fresh
      bone marrow. All A-MuLV transformants isolated had rearrangements at the mu heavy
      chain locus of both chromosomes, irrespective of Ig production. In addition, most
      mu heavy chain producers had at least one rearranged kappa gene locus. These long
      term fetal liver cultures provide large numbers of cells for studying events
      early in the B lymphocyte lineage. The cultured fetal liver cells retained
      phenotypic traits similar to fresh fetal liver B cells and distinctive from bone
      marrow cells cultured under similar conditions.

PMID- 6434688
TI  - Response of resting human peripheral blood natural killer cells to interleukin 2.
AB  - The present study shows that recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) purified to
      homogeneity induces a rapid and potent enhancement of spontaneous cytotoxicity of
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cells mediating cytotoxicity after 18-h
      treatment with IL-2 have surface markers of natural killer (NK) cells and are
      generated from the peripheral blood subset containing spontaneous cytotoxic
      cells. A parallel production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is induced by
      recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), and NK cells appear to be the major producer cells,
      whereas T cells are unable to produce IFN-gamma under these experimental
      conditions. However, the kinetics of the enhancement of cytotoxicity are faster
      than those of IFN-gamma production, and monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies do
      not suppress this effect, making it unlikely that the IFN-gamma produced is
      responsible for the enhancement. The enhancement of NK cell activity induced by
      rIL-2 precedes any proliferative response of the lymphocytes, which is instead
      observed in longer-term cultures of both NK and T cells.

PMID- 6434689
TI  - Activated B cells express receptors for, and proliferate in response to, pure
      interleukin 2.
AB  - In this study we investigated whether interleukin 2 (IL-2) acts on B cell
      proliferation and whether activated B cells express IL-2 receptors. First, the
      functional activity of immunoaffinity-purified or recombinant human IL-2 was
      studied in a B blast assay using positively selected murine surface Ig-positive
      cells that had been activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus anti-Ig antibodies
      (anti-Ig). In this assay, T cells were not detected by fluorescence-activated
      cell sorter analysis. It was found that both IL-2 preparations led to optimal B
      cell proliferation compared with supernatants obtained from murine or human
      spleen cells or murine cloned T helper cells. Second, we observed that the IL-2
      requirement in this assay was about the same as in a proliferation assay using
      lectin-activated polyclonal murine Lyt-2-positive T cells. Third, analysis of the
      binding of radiolabeled immunoaffinity-purified IL-2 to B cells indicated that
      LPS plus anti-Ig-activated B cells expressed a mean of 3,500 IL-2 receptors per
      cell with an apparent dissociation constant of 150 pM. However, neither
      nonactivated B cells nor B cells activated by LPS alone exhibited significant
      specific IL-2 binding. The functional and the receptor data are consistent with
      the conclusion that IL-2 is a growth factor not only for T cells but also for B
      cells.

PMID- 6434690
TI  - Gene conversion between murine class II major histocompatibility complex loci.
      Functional and molecular evidence from the bm 12 mutant.
AB  - The experiments presented in this study define the molecular basis of the bm 12
      mutation. Initial characterization of an alloreactive T cell clone, 4.1.4, showed
      this clone to recognize an allodeterminant present on the E beta b and A beta
      bm12 chains, but not on the bm 12 parent A beta b chain. To define the extent of
      sequence shared between the I-E beta product and the mutant I-A beta product, we
      isolated a cDNA clone of the E beta b gene and determined its nucleotide
      sequence. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of E beta b, A beta b, and A
      beta bm12 shows the the A beta bm12 gene to be identical to the E beta b gene in
      the region where it differs from its A beta b parent. We predict that the bm 12
      mutation arose by gene conversion of this region, which spans 14 nucleotides
      between amino acid residues 67-71 of the mature A beta chain, from the E beta b
      locus to the corresponding position at the A beta b locus. Recognition of this
      region, which spans one of the previously defined E beta allelic "hypervariable"
      regions, by an alloreactive T cell clone provides the first direct evidence of
      the functional importance of these hypervariable regions in T cell stimulation.
      The identification of a gene conversion event involving one of these allelic
      variable regions implicates conversion as a mechanism that acts on class II beta
      genes to create sequence diversity in regions of Ia molecules that interact with
      foreign antigen or a T cell receptor, regions where protein sequence polymorphism
      would presumably be selected for by the expanded ability it affords the organism
      to mount effective immune responses against a wider variety of foreign antigens.

PMID- 6434691
TI  - Frequency of expressed immunoglobulin light chain genes in lipopolysaccharide
      stimulated BALB/c spleen cells.
AB  - Variants of four hybridoma lines secreting antibodies specific for either
      trinitrophenyl (TNP) or sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) were isolated which have lost
      either the specific heavy (H) chain or the specific light (L) chain. They were
      fused to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse spleen cells and the resulting
      secondary hybridomas were screened for the restoration of the original antibody
      specificity. Antibody activity was 37 times more frequently restored with fusion
      lines donating H chain than with those donating L chain. We obtained a variety of
      different (spleen cell derived) L chains in association with one H chain and one
      specificity. We found that those L chains originally associated with a given H
      chain were rescued most often. Their frequencies were 1:74 and 1:490 for an anti
      SRBC- and an anti-TNP-restoring kappa L chain, respectively. Two most commonly
      observed V-J kappa combinations in one anti-SRBC complementation group were
      detected with a 5- and 30-fold reduced frequency in two anti-TNP groups,
      indicating somatic diversification of kappa chains. It is shown that the Sp7/HK
      line resumes anti-TNP activity with a mutated, non-germline lambda 1 chain, which
      was found in 30% of lambda 1-expressing hybridomas.

PMID- 6434692
TI  - The effects of cigarette smoking on serum levels of HDL cholesterol and HDL
      apolipoprotein A-I. Findings of a prospective epidemiological study on employees
      of several companies in Westphalia, West Germany.
AB  - In preventive studies of company employees in Westphalia, HDL cholesterol was
      measured in the sera of 4933 men and 2365 women, as well as HDL apolipoprotein A
      I in the sera of 3509 men and 1648 women. Three subgroups were compared: non
      smokers = persons who have never smoked; ex-smokers = persons who do not smoke at
      present but did in the past; smokers = persons who smoke cigarettes at present.
      Mean values for HDL cholesterol and for HDL apolipoprotein A-I were significantly
      lower in smokers than in non-smokers or in ex-smokers, while there were no
      differences between the last two groups. These differences appeared in both sexes
      but were more pronounced in women than in men. To answer the question whether the
      observed differences are caused by the consumption of cigarettes by itself or
      whether they are caused by the presence of other risk factors, further subgroups
      were compared to assess the influence of the risk factors obesity, hypertension,
      hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperuricaemia. It was found that -
      regardless of the presence of no, one, two or more risk factors - the frequency
      of probands with low HDL cholesterol values (less than 0.907 mmol/l (men); less
      than 1.166 mmol/l (women] was about 10% higher in smokers than in non-smokers or
      ex-smokers. Subgroups based on the number of risk factors did not exhibit the
      same clear distribution for apolipoprotein A-I values as were seen for HDL
      cholesterol. The results are interpreted in the light of the existing literature.

PMID- 6434693
TI  - The effects of products and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on the
      hamster sperm acrosome reaction.
AB  - The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is a fusion and fenestration of sperm
      head membranes which is essential for fertilization. Our earlier work
      demonstrated that arachidonic acid could stimulate the AR 15 min after addition
      to hamster sperm capacitated by incubation for 4.5 h. The present study was
      undertaken to determine whether inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism could
      affect the stimulation of the AR by arachidonic acid and whether products of its
      metabolism could stimulate the AR. Phenidone or nordihydroguaiaretic acid,
      inhibitors of both the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic
      acid metabolism, and docosahexaenoic acid, a cyclo-oxygenase pathway inhibitor,
      inhibited the AR induced by arachidonic acid. PGE2, a product of the cyclo
      oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism and 5- or 12
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) products of the lipoxygenase pathway,
      stimulated the AR when added to sperm capacitated by incubation for 4.5 h.
      Prostaglandins not derived from arachidonic were also tested: PGE1 stimulated the
      AR, but PGF1 alpha and PGA2 did not. We suggest that arachidonic acid metabolites
      produced by the sperm and by the female reproductive tract are important for the
      mammalian sperm AR.

PMID- 6434694
TI  - Light reduces the voltage-dependent inward current in Limulus ventral
      photoreceptors.
AB  - In Limulus ventral photoreceptors, illumination not only increases a specialized
      light-activated sodium conductance but also modulates voltage-dependent
      conductances. Previous work has demonstrated that the delayed rectifier current
      is reduced by light; we report here that the early voltage-dependent inward
      current is also reduced by light. Furthermore, by maintained during continuous
      depolarization and that this maintained inward current can be reduced by light.
      EGTA injection was found to increase the maintained inward current.

PMID- 6434695
TI  - Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to monkey respiratory tissue in organ
      culture.
AB  - We studied the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to monkey respiratory mucosa
      using nasal turbinates maintained in organ culture. Adherence of capsulated and
      rough strains was not inhibited by monosaccharides, sucrose, human albumin,
      foetal calf serum or polyribophosphate. However, antisera directed against
      surface components decreased bacterial adherence. Although variation in adherence
      capacity in individual strains was observed there was no correlation with
      capsulation, anatomical site of strain isolation or biotype. Bacterial surface
      structures other than capsular material appear important in effecting upper
      respiratory tract colonization.

PMID- 6434696
TI  - [Fragile site on chromosome 2 (q11) in a case of familial lymphohistiocytosis].
AB  - After recalling the main studies about the fragile sites, a fra (2) (q11) in a
      girl with familial lymphohistiocytosis is described. The influence of medicine,
      inducers, mutagenic agents are analysed.

PMID- 6434697
TI  - Aquo-pentamine Co(III) complexes as models for carbonic anhydrase.
AB  - The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate by metal complexes Co(en)2(imH)H2O3+,
      Co(en)2(bzmH)H2O3+, and Co(en)2(imCH3)H2O3+ (imH = imidazole, bzmH =
      benzimodazole, imCH3 = methyl imidazole) has been investigated in the pH range
      5.4-8.9. The small difference in nucleophilic reactivity in the pH range 5.4-6.7
      is assumed to be due to hydrogen bonding abilities of the imidazole and
      substituted imidazole ligands and small pKa differences (k2(imH) = 2.2 X 10(-2) M
      1 sec-1, k2(bzmH) = 5.68 X 10(-2) M-1 sec-1, k2(imCH3) = 1.35 X 10(-2) M-1 sec-1,
      40 degrees C, 1 = 0.3 NaClO4, pKa(imH) = 6.2, pKa(imCH3) = 6.2 and pKa(bzmH) =
      5.9). In the pH range 7.8-8.9, the differences in nucleophilic reactivity
      (k3(imH) = 85.5 X 10(-2) M-1 sec-1, k3(bzmH) = 33.4 X 10(-2) M-1 sec-1, 40
      degrees C, I = 0.3 NaClO4) are reconciled with a significant steric factor
      outweighing the acidity of the benzimidazole complex. In the pH region 6.7-7.7,
      the deviation from linearity is presumably due to both hydroxo and imido ligands
      functioning as nucleophiles, the latter being about 40 times stronger than the
      former.

PMID- 6434698
TI  - Microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents, 25. Conversions of 3
      ketoaphidicolin.
AB  - Microbial transformation experiments were conducted using 3-ketoaphidicolin (2)
      as a starting material. Metabolites were isolated by solvent extraction and
      chromatography, and structures were elaborated by cmr and pmr spectroscopy, ms,
      and ir analyses. Several microorganisms provided metabolites in excellent yields,
      including 3-epiaphidicolin (4), 6 beta-hydroxy-3-ketoaphidicolin (5), and 19-nor
      16,17-dihydroxyaphidicolan-3-one (6). The last compound is formed via oxidation
      of the primary alcohol functional group at position 18 to the corresponding beta
      keto acid derivative which spontaneously decarboxylates. This reaction is
      analogous to the metabolic demethylation of sterol intermediates. Each metabolite
      was tested for antitumor activity in the P-388 leukemic test system, and in the
      6C631 colon tumor model system. None of the compounds were active in vivo, and
      all were less active than aphidicolin in the in vitro P-388 test system.

PMID- 6434699
TI  - Does viloxazine have epileptogenic properties?
AB  - Six cases of convulsive seizures occurring during treatment with viloxazine
      notified to the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM) and two other cases from
      Japan were reviewed. A critical study of the patient's histories suggests a
      possible causal connection between drug and seizures in only two of these cases.
      The occurrence of convulsions is not in keeping with the results of animal
      experiments and of clinical trials in which epileptic patients were included,
      both of which suggest that viloxazine does not have epileptogenic properties and
      may have anticonvulsant actions. A worldwide review of clinical trials in which
      unwanted effects have been recorded suggests that viloxazine, even if possessing
      convulsive properties like other anti-depressants, is probably less epileptogenic
      than conventional tricyclics and is not contraindicated in epileptic patients
      requiring antidepressant medication.

PMID- 6434700
TI  - Psychosis-like absence status of elderly patients: successful treatment with
      sodium valproate.
AB  - Absence status and psychosis-like behaviour and continuous spike-and-wave EEG
      activity in two elderly women is reported. Once the correct diagnosis was made,
      the patients were successfully treated with sodium valproate. Differential
      diagnosis between absence status and psychotic syndromes is emphasised.

PMID- 6434701
TI  - Diagnostic role of skin or conjunctival biopsies in neurological disorders. An
      update.
AB  - Updated figures from our reports on electron microscopy of skin or conjunctival
      biopsies include 256 patients, mostly suffering from lysosomal diseases.
      Significant morphological data supportive of the diagnosis and additional to
      enzyme assay (when and if an assay is available for the disorder) were discovered
      in 95% of the cases. Equivocal or negative data amounted to 5%. The present paper
      deals with some metabolic disorders which had not been fully dealt with in our
      previous publications and with an extension of the indications of skin biopsies:
      adult form and atypical variants of ceroid-lipofuscinoses, galactosialidosis,
      mucolipidosis IV, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, Lafora's disease,
      cardiomyopathy with generalized accumulation of intermediate filaments and
      congenital hypomyelination neuropathy. A comparison between biopsy and autopsy
      material in storage diseases shows that the storage of inclusions does not remain
      limited to one cell type or to one tissue even if no clinical signs are
      detectable. This ubiquitous character of the storage can be used for diagnostic
      purposes. On the other hand, the membrane-bound inclusions are not necessarily
      similar in all cell types and the search for characteristic features can be
      difficult in adult patients. Finally it is evident that skin biopsies can be used
      in other conditions than lysosomal disorders. The applicability of this procedure
      to other diseases needs further exploratory work.

PMID- 6434702
TI  - Effect of combination chemotherapy on PGE-mediated immunoregulation in the
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells of solid tumor cancer patients.
AB  - The effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced
      lymphocyte DNA synthesis was monitored in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (PBMC) of drug-treated solid tumor cancer patients. The results obtained were
      correlated with changes in indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulatory function,
      prostaglandin E (PGE) levels, and PBMC PGE sensitivity. Those patients who
      demonstrated "rebound-overshoot" recovery of PHA responsiveness following their
      drug treatment did so in association with a significant reduction in levels of
      indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulation. This was associated with a significant
      decline in PGE-levels in PBMC. This was not consistently associated with a
      reduction in the sensitivity of PBMC to suppression by PGE. These data show that
      immune function recovery in drug-treated cancer patients is dependent in part on
      the effects of chemotherapy on PGE synthesis by PBMC.

PMID- 6434703
TI  - Discrimination between nonmalignant and malignant cells by combinations of IFN
      gamma and IFN-alpha/beta.
AB  - Combination treatment with interferon (IFN)-gamma and either IFN-alpha or IFN
      beta synergistically enhances (potentiates) the anticellular effects of the IFNs.
      IFNs have been shown to have anticellular activity against normal as well as
      malignant cells. To study the relative effectiveness of IFN's anticellular
      activity against nonmalignant and malignant cells in the mouse system, two paired
      sets of nonmalignant/malignant cells (JB-1/JB-8; D-1/D-11a) were studied using 3
      day kinetics of cell growth experiments. Treatment of the nonmalignant cells with
      IFN-gamma or IFN-alpha/beta employed separately had little or no effect on the
      growth of the cells at the IFN concentrations employed. Combination IFN treatment
      had only a slight effect on the growth of these cells. Treatment of the malignant
      cells with IFN-gamma or IFN-alpha/beta employed separately had low levels of
      effect on the growth of the cells. In contrast, treatment of these malignant
      cells with combined IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha/beta had a very marked anticellular
      effect, dramatically showing the growth of, or even killing, the malignant cells.
      These observations appeared to be independent of the growth status of the cells,
      since stationary-phase and log-phase malignant cells maintained their relatively
      greater sensitivity to the IFNs. Thus, IFN treatment, particularly combination
      IFN treatment, had a differential effect on the growth of the paired sets of
      nonmalignant and malignant cells and appeared to sharply differentiate between
      nonmalignant and malignant cells.

PMID- 6434704
TI  - Effect of dopamine system activation on substantia nigra pars reticulata output
      neurons: variable single-unit responses in normal rats and inhibition in 6
      hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
AB  - Previous single-unit recording studies have revealed that randomly selected pars
      reticulata neurons respond in a highly variable and complex fashion to
      intravenous administration of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine. The current
      studies were undertaken (1) to assess whether the variable pattern of responses
      of reticulata neurons to intravenous apomorphine correlates with their sites of
      projection and (2) to determine how reticulata responses to apomorphine might be
      altered by the presence of striatal dopaminergic supersensitivity. Extracellular,
      single-unit recording studies were conducted in anesthetized, paralyzed rats.
      Pars reticulata neurons were identified by antidromic activation from either the
      ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus or superior colliculus. Neurons of both
      subpopulations exhibited similar, highly variable changes in firing rate during
      the 10-min period immediately following intravenous injection of 320
      micrograms/kg of apomorphine, a dose of the drug considered sufficient to
      stimulate striatal postsynaptic dopamine receptors. These responses, which were
      not qualitatively different from those previously observed among reticulata cells
      not distinguished on the basis of projection site, could be reversed by
      subsequent administration of dopamine antagonist drugs. In contrast to the
      variable responses in normal animals, the same dose of apomorphine caused a rapid
      and usually total inhibition of pars reticulata cell firing in rats which
      received 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway 6 to 8
      weeks prior to recording experiments. These inhibitions of firing could also be
      reversed by administration of dopamine antagonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6434705
TI  - Re: Decreased sensitivity of early imaging with in-111 oxine-labeled leukocytes
      in detection of occult infection.

PMID- 6434706
TI  - PRL and TSH responsiveness to TRH in the early stage of subacute thyroiditis.

PMID- 6434707
TI  - Tryptophan requirement of the 2.5-kg piglet determined by the oxidation of an
      indicator amino acid.
AB  - The tryptophan requirement of 2.5-kg piglets was measured by the oxidation of L
      [1-14C]phenylalanine or DL-[1-14C]lysine when meals containing various levels of
      L-tryptophan were offered. Increasing dietary tryptophan from 0.65 to 2.0 g/kg
      decreased 14CO2 release from L-[1-14C]phenylalanine but further increases in
      dietary tryptophan level resulted in no further decrease in 14CO2 output.
      Regression analysis, with a crossover model, showed phenylalanine oxidation was
      minimized with a dietary tryptophan level of 1.94 g/kg (95% confidence limits
      1.93 to 1.95). The oxidation of lysine was also reduced by increasing tryptophan
      levels to 2 g/kg; as tryptophan level was increased to 3 g/kg there was no
      statistically significant reduction of lysine oxidation. These studies suggest
      that the dietary tryptophan requirement of the 2.5-kg piglet is no more than 2
      g/kg of a 240 g protein per kilogram diet.

PMID- 6434708
TI  - Development of hepatic steatosis and essential fatty acid deficiency in rats with
      hypercaloric, fat-free parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Intravenous (i.v.) infusion of excessive energy has been associated with hepatic
      steatosis. The time course of liver lipid accumulation was examined during 6 days
      of i.v. hyperalimentation with fat-free infusate. Adult male rats with indwelling
      superior vena cava cannulas received a dextrose-amino acid infusate for 0, 1/2,
      1, 2, 4 or 6 days to provide 146% of nonprotein energy requirement [congruent to
      350 non-protein kcal/(kg . day)] and 335% of nitrogen requirement [congruent to
      2.7 g amino nitrogen/(kg . day)]. Significant hepatomegaly was apparent by day
      1/2. Initially, glycogen deposition accounted for the liver enlargement, but
      after day 2, liver glycogen was declining and liver lipid was increasing. By day
      4, liver lipid had increased fourfold and was the major contributor to
      hepatomegaly. Concurrent with fatty liver metamorphosis, hepatic essential fatty
      acid deficiency (EFAD) developed by day 4; liver linoleic acid levels had dropped
      from 20 to 1% of total fatty acids, and liver triene:tetraene ratio was 0.68.
      Similar changes in hepatic phospholipid fatty acids were observed. Enhanced
      lipogenesis and impaired lipid transport is known to accompany EFAD and may
      underlie the observed steatosis. A doubling of plasma cholesterol levels was also
      associated with steatosis. The mechanism leading to this increase in plasma
      cholesterol warrants further investigation.

PMID- 6434709
TI  - The effect of amino acid excess on utilization by the rat of the limiting amino
      acid--lysine.
AB  - A lysine-deficient amino acid mixture was developed by decreasing the level of
      lysine in a well-balanced amino acid mixture while measuring the response in
      daily gain and protein retention in young growing rats. The diet that contained
      the highest level of lysine that did not support maximal growth or protein
      retention was used as the lysine-deficient amino acid mixture. This mixture was
      incorporated into a series of diets to provide 0.52, 0.59 or 0.67% of lysine in
      combination with 0, 25 or 50% relative excess of all other amino acids. Food
      intake, weight gain and changes in carcass composition were measured in the 21
      day feeding study. When voluntary food intake was used as a covariate in the
      statistical analysis, increased dietary lysine improved the efficiency of food
      use for body weight, dry matter, crude protein and ash gains. When corrected for
      food intake, lysine level did not affect lipid retention. There was no effect of
      excess amino acids on food intake, daily weight gain or body component gains
      whether food intake was used as a covariate or not. These results suggest that
      growing rats can respond to improved amino acid nutriture with changes in the
      efficiency of food use rather than improvements in growth.

PMID- 6434710
TI  - The effect of amino acid excess on utilization by the rat of the limiting amino
      acid--threonine.
AB  - A threonine-deficient amino acid mixture was developed by decreasing the level of
      threonine in a well-balanced amino acid mixture while measuring the response in
      daily gain and protein retention in young growing rats. The diet that contained
      the highest level of threonine and yet permitted further responses in growth and
      protein retention was used to define a threonine-deficient amino acid mixture.
      This mixture was used to provide three dietary levels of threonine (0.38, 0.43 or
      0.48%) in combination with three levels of relative excess of all other amino
      acids (0, 25 or 50% relative excess). Food intake, weight gain and changes in
      carcass composition were measured in the 21-day study. When voluntary food intake
      is used as a covariate in the analysis of these data, the level of the threonine
      deficient amino acid mixture is positively correlated with body weight, dry
      matter, crude protein and ash gains and negatively associated with lipid
      deposition. However, there were no significant effects of amino acid excess on
      any of the responses when differences in voluntary food intake are accounted for
      in the statistical analysis. These data demonstrate that some aspects of
      threonine imbalance (food intake and lipid deposition) are dependent on the
      dietary level of threonine. The major effects of threonine imbalance are due to
      decreased voluntary food intake rather than changes in the efficiency of use of
      ingested threonine.

PMID- 6434711
TI  - The effect of amino acid excess on utilization by the rat of the limiting amino
      acid--lysine and threonine at equalized food intakes.
AB  - The effect of excess amino acids on utilization of the most limiting amino acid
      was investigated via restricted feeding. Lysine- and threonine-deficient amino
      acid mixtures were incorporated into diets for young growing rats to provide 75
      or 85% of the NRC requirement of the limiting amino acid in combination with zero
      or 50% of relative excess of the nonlimiting amino acids. The amount of food
      offered was equalized within treatment groups and increased according to the
      intake of the group with the lowest rate of consumption. Because of differences
      in the amount of diet refused, total food intakes were not identical. At equal
      percentage of the NRC requirement, threonine- and lysine-deficient amino acid
      mixtures supported equal body weight, dry matter, lipid and ash gains. However,
      crude protein retention was greater when the threonine-deficient amino acid
      mixture was fed. The maximum depression in performance due to 50% of amino acid
      excess with restricted feeding was much less than the maximum decrease previously
      observed in the ad libitum feeding situation. This supports the conclusion that
      changes in voluntary food intake are the major effectors of depressed growth due
      to excess amino acids. These results raise serious concern over the usefulness of
      amino acid requirements and the applicability of the current system of chemical
      scores to evaluate protein quality.

PMID- 6434712
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of the tongue: a light and electronmicroscopic study with
      review of the literature from 1849 to 1981.

PMID- 6434713
TI  - Osteogenic activity of antibiotic-supplemented bone allografts in the guinea pig.
AB  - This study evaluated the osteogenic potential of bone allografts supplemented
      with up to 1000 times the minimum inhibitory concentration of cephalothin and
      tobramycin effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aureus.
      Mineralized and demineralized bone allografts with and without antibiotics were
      compared in calvarial defects of guinea pigs. Strontium-85 uptake and histologic
      evaluation indicated there was no significant difference in osteogeneic activity
      between nonantibiotic-supplemented allografts and antibiotic-supplemented
      allografts.

PMID- 6434714
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa: a review of 244 cases in Australia.
AB  - In an attempt to extend and update information relating to oral cancer in
      Australia and to provide a basis for international comparison a group of 244
      patients suffering from oral cancer have been studied in detail. These patients
      were all diagnosed in one Oral Pathology Biopsy Service used almost exclusively
      by oral surgeons and dentists, and although this introduced bias into the sample
      it had the advantage of standardising documentation. The male: female ratio (1.3
      : 1) of patients with oral cancer was lower than that previously reported in
      Australia, but the average age of patients (60 years) was comparable with many
      previous reports. The floor of the mouth was the most common site of cancer.
      There was a significant over-representation of tobacco and alcohol consumers
      amongst the patients, but a group of elderly females who had never used tobacco
      or alcohol, yet developed oral cancer, was identified. It was of particular
      interest that these elderly females had significantly lower haemoglobin and serum
      iron levels than a sex- and age-matched control group.

PMID- 6434715
TI  - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma: a clinical pathologic conference.
AB  - Eosinophilic granuloma has traditionally been designated as the least severe
      component of the inter-related triad of diseases, Histiocytosis X (Lichtenstein
      1953, 1964). In 1969, Lieberman and his group questioned the use of this time
      honored term and proposed instead that eosinophilic granuloma be regarded as a
      separate and distinct entity which could present either as a singular (unifocal)
      lesion or as a multifocal process. The term, "multifocal eosinophilic granuloma"
      was, thus, suggested as a replacement for the designation formerly known as Hand
      Schuller-Christian Disease. The remaining component of Histiocytosis X termed
      Letterer-Siwe Disease was felt to be a totally separate disorder unrelated to
      eosinophilic granuloma and best classified as a relatively aggressive
      reticuloendothelial malignancy. In this presentation, we wish to report a case of
      multifocal eosinophilic granuloma which has run a very interesting course over a
      total of almost 10 years from the time of initial symptoms to the present. The
      more recent classification of Lieberman will be employed throughout this
      presentation. We will also propose the hypothesis that in this case, multifocal
      eosinophilic granuloma may represent a sequela of acquired immune deficiency
      perhaps initiated by T-cell viral infection. The possibility that, in a
      susceptible host, development of eosinophilic granuloma may be triggered by
      contact with environmental agents will also be discussed.

PMID- 6434716
TI  - Mineral flux of surface enamel and root surfaces in acidified gelatin gels.
AB  - Gels of crude gelatin were dialyzed to eliminate fluoride, and then acidified
      with 75 mM lactic and 25 mM acetic acid at pH 4.2 and interfaced with enamel and
      root surfaces in gel-surface ratio of 0.2 ml/0.15 cm2. Enamel and root surface to
      gel mineral flux was reduced by initial inclusion of 0.5 and 1.0 mM fluoride with
      2.5 mM calcium and 1.5 mM phosphate in gels at pH 4.2. Inclusion of 0.25 mM
      fluoride in the gels without added mineral ions had no effect in the first 22-day
      interface. The 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM fluoride remarkably increased
      remineralization in a second 12-day interface. This indicated that the first
      fluoride exposure initiated formation of fluorapatites in the enamel which
      required a lower degree of gel saturation for enhanced remineralization in the
      second acid exposure. Fluoride had the same effect, but greater effectiveness on
      enamel than root-surface remineralization. Gels of crude gelatin may contain
      sufficient mineral ions to alter remineralization-demineralization of enamel and
      root surface.

PMID- 6434717
TI  - Lectin-binding in premalignant lesions during submandibular gland carcinogenesis.
AB  - Complex carbohydrates in premalignant lesions of mouse submandibular gland tumors
      were examined by the lectin-peroxidase conjugate method. Peroxidase-conjugated
      lectins of PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, UEA-1 and WGA were used to detect specific sugar
      residues of complex carbohydrates in premalignant lesions during experimental
      carcinogenesis. Marked reduction of PNA and SBA bindings occurred in duct-like
      structures and cystic lesions which were transformed from granular convoluted
      tubule cells. Premalignant lesions bound slightly to PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA and WGA
      and manifested increased UEA-1 binding. Squamous metaplastic epithelia of
      premalignant lesions manifested increased binding to PNA, RCA-1 and SBA as
      compared to those of duct-like structure and cystic epithelia.

PMID- 6434718
TI  - Assessment of Langerhans' cells in oral lichen planus using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - In order to demonstrate Langerhans' cells in epithelium of oral lichen planus,
      monoclonal antibodies were used as immunological markers in combination with
      immunohistochemistry. By the use of anti-Ia antibodies the Langerhans' cells were
      shown to express an increased number of Ia-like antigens in comparison to the
      amounts found in healthy oral mucosa. The subepithelial infiltrate of mononuclear
      cells expressed identical Ia-like antigens on their surfaces. With anti-T6
      antibodies as immunological markers, the number of Langerhans' cells was found to
      be virtually identical in diseased and healthy epithelium. Treatment of oral
      lichen planus with tretinoin resulted in a decrease of epithelial Ia-like
      antigens compared with the number found in untreated lesions. However, treatment
      with tretinoin did not alter the frequency of Langerhans' cell marked with anti
      T6 antibodies. The present data demonstrate an increased amount of Ia-like
      antigens per number of T6-positive Langerhans' cells in diseased oral mucosa
      compared to healthy conditions. The increased expression of Ia-like antigens on
      Langerhans' cells and the contemporary finding of Ia-like antigens on the
      subepithelial T-cells support the opinion that the pathogenesis of oral lichen
      planus is mainly a cell-mediated type of immunological reaction.

PMID- 6434719
TI  - The effects of fluoride on the gastric mucosa of the rat.
AB  - Fluoride is widely used for the prevention of dental caries. Very low
      concentrations of fluoride are routinely ingested in optimally fluoridated
      drinking water of many communities. Higher concentrations of fluoride in
      toothpastes, mouthrinses and topically applied gels also may be ingested,
      especially by children. The potential effect of ingested fluoride on the gastric
      mucosa was the subject of this investigation. Solutions of 0, 1, or 10 mM NaF in
      0.1 N HCl were placed in rat stomachs in vivo for up to one hour. The effects of
      fluoride on the structure and function of the gastric mucosa were determined.
      Histologic and SEM examinations revealed dose- and time-dependent damage to the
      surface mucous cells. The 10 mM, but not the 1 mM, NaF solution increased gastric
      mucosal permeability to small but not to large molecules.

PMID- 6434720
TI  - Oral warty dyskeratoma.
AB  - Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is a benign solitary lesion of unknown aetiology affecting
      the skin and oral mucosa. The profound dyskeratotic changes may mimic invasive
      squamous cell carcinoma. Two cases of oral WD, which were originally diagnosed as
      early squamous cell carcinoma, are presented. The clinical features,
      histopathology and aetiology are reviewed together with other reports in the
      literature. These 2 cases have been followed for 14 and 6 years respectively and
      they are the longest follow-up periods reported in the literature in English. The
      lesions have not recurred.

PMID- 6434721
TI  - Correlation of histopathology and sulfated proteoglycans in human osteoarthritic
      hip cartilage.
AB  - The histopathologic characteristics, in vitro proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan
      biosynthesis, and proteoglycan content of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage tissue
      types from human femoral heads obtained at the time of total joint replacement
      were compared. Articular cartilage from fibrillated or discolored cartilage
      surfaces demonstrated overlapping histopathologic patterns, while cartilage from
      osteophytic areas was distinct. 35SO4 from each of these three tissue types was
      found in two peaks of radioactivity on a Sepharose CL-2B column. The average
      partition coefficient (Kav) of the first peak (peak I) was 0.07, while that of
      the second (peak II) was 0.63. Proteoglycan monomer predominated in discolored,
      fibrillated, and osteophytic OA cartilage in peak I. The hydrodynamic size on
      Sepharose CL-2B of the synthetic proteoglycan monomer was the same for
      discolored, fibrillated, and osteophytic samples (Kav, 0.25-0.28). Discolored and
      fibrillated tissues showed a similar percentage of proteoglycan monomer in peak
      II, whereas osteophyte was reduced in proteoglycan monomer content in peak II. In
      addition, the endogenous proteoglycans extracted from each cartilage area were
      generally of a smaller hydrodynamic size than the newly synthesized peak I or
      proteoglycan monomer. Glycosaminoglycans were predominantly chondroitin 6
      sulfate. These results indicated that OA discolored and fibrillated cartilage
      tissue types from defined topographical areas of human femoral heads possessed
      neither unique histopathologic nor synthetic or endogenous proteoglycan
      characteristics. Osteophytic cartilage appeared more histopathologically distinct
      than either discolored or fibrillated OA cartilage, but synthesized proteoglycan
      monomer with similar hydrodynamic size to the other cartilage tissue types.

PMID- 6434722
TI  - Gastric epithelial cell proliferation in monkeys fed 3,4,3',4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl.
AB  - Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) fed diets containing 1 or 3 mg/kg of 3,4,3',4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl (3,4-TCB), became moribund after 7-14 weeks. In the body of
      the stomach the mucosa was thick and cystic gastric glands penetrated the
      muscularis mucosae. The zymogenic and parietal cells were replaced by or
      converted into mucus-secreting cells. Autoradiographs of animals labelled with
      [3H]thymidine showed that in control monkeys gastric epithelial cell
      proliferation was limited to the isthmus and neck regions of the glands
      throughout the stomach. In the 3,4-TCB-fed animals most DNA synthesis also
      occurred in these regions, but [3H]thymidine labelled cells were also seen in the
      bases of the glands. The labelling indices were not elevated, and therefore the
      submucosal glands and cysts in this lesion may develop by a failure of the newly
      formed, downward migrating cells to differentiate and lose their proliferative
      capacity.

PMID- 6434723
TI  - Intestinal absorption of manganese in experimental malnutrition.
AB  - We investigated possible changes in mechanisms of the intestinal absorption of Mn
      in rats malnourished with a low protein-low energy diet (M) for 4 weeks against
      controls fed a complete diet (C) during the same period. The absorption of Mn in
      the absence or in the presence of two small molecular weight ligands, citrate and
      L-histidine, was studied by an in vivo procedure. In both M and C rats, jejunal
      Mn absorption decreased linearly with time and was enhanced by the presence of
      the low molecular weight ligands. The initial rate of absorption, for Mn alone,
      was higher in M than in C rats, but it was indistinguishable between both groups
      in the presence of either citrate or L-histidine. Total Mn absorption, in
      midperfusion, was greater in M than in C animals with no ligands in the solutions
      (means +/- SEM, M = 2,969 +/- 923 vs. C = 654 +/- 218 pmol/cm, p less than 0.05).
      However, in the presence of citrate or L-histidine, the well-nourished rats
      absorbed more Mn than M rats. Also, water fluxes across the mucosa had a positive
      correlation with Mn transport when the ligands were present. This solvent drag of
      the trace element was not operant in the absence of citrate or L-histidine. These
      data indicate that the jejunal mucosa of M rats absorbs Mn more effectively than
      C animals, independently from water fluxes and the presence of small molecular
      weight chelators. These substances do not alter the uptake of Mn in growth
      retarded rats, while they enhance the absorption of the trace metal in well-fed
      animals.

PMID- 6434724
TI  - Taurine deficiency in the severe hepatic dysfunction complicating total
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The etiology of the severe hepatic dysfunction associated with total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) remains unknown, but recent studies suggest that taurine
      deficiency may be associated with the development of cholestasis in experimental
      animals. That taurine deficiency might also play a role in the development of the
      severe hepatic dysfunction in human infants receiving TPN as their sole
      nutritional intake is the subject of the present report. Serial plasma aminograms
      were obtained from three children with severe hepatic dysfunction associated with
      TPN, in whom progressive disease led to death after 20, 13, and 14 months. All
      three children underwent massive intestinal resection for necrotizing
      enterocolitis, leaving 30, 44, and 17 cm of viable small bowel, respectively.
      Balanced TPN was given as 20 to 25 g/kg/d dextrose, 1.5 to 2.5 g/kg/d crystalline
      amino acids, and 2 to 3 g/kg/d fat emulsion; enteral feedings were attempted but
      were poorly tolerated. Mild cholestasis progressed to severe hepatic dysfunction
      manifested by hyperbilirubinemia, increased serum transaminases, hypoproteinemia,
      and abnormal coagulation profiles. Liver histology revealed extensive fibrosis,
      fatty replacement, and coarse cholestasis, necrosis not being prominent. Serial
      plasma aminograms revealed markedly elevated plasma levels of methionine (1353,
      1168, and 113 nm/mL), low levels of 1/2 cystine (68.4, trace, and 17 nm/dL), and
      undetectable levels of taurine; plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids were
      normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434725
TI  - Immunologic profile of juvenile periodontitis. II. Neutrophil chemotaxis,
      phagocytosis and spore germination.
AB  - Patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP) were grouped into one of the two
      recognized forms of the disease: a localized form affecting incisors and first
      molars (LJP) and a generalized form affecting more than 14 teeth (GJP). The role
      of the neutrophil in the etiology and pathogenesis of LJP has recently been
      recognized. Experiments aimed at confirming previous information related to
      neutrophil chemotaxis defects in LJP were performed. Additional experiments aimed
      at demonstrating significant differences in phagocytosis of bacterial spores and
      inducing spore germination were also completed. Age- and sex-matched healthy
      subjects were used as "internal" controls (experiments run concomitantly).
      Peripheral blood neutrophils from 29 LJP, 24 GJP and 24 healthy subjects were
      assessed for chemotaxis. This assay was performed in a Boyden diffusion chamber
      using 10(-8) M N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine as chemoattractant. A
      chemotactic defect was defined being 2 standard deviations below the mean of
      healthy subjects. Twenty-three of 29 LJP (79%) and 14 of 25 GJP (58%) had a
      neutrophil defect. Peripheral blood neutrophil phagocytosis assays were performed
      in vitro using radiolabeled bacterial spores [45Ca]Bacillus cereus. Eighteen of
      29 LJP (62%) and 7 of 24 GJP (29%) had a phagocytic defect. Neutrophil-induced
      spore germination assessed in vitro showed that 13 of 20 LJP (65%) and 3 of 8 GJP
      (38%) had this defect. These observations indicate that patients with JP have
      abnormalities in neutrophil functions of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and spore
      germination.

PMID- 6434726
TI  - [The kinetics of in vitro release of nitroglycerin from various percutaneous
      administration systems].

PMID- 6434727
TI  - Intracellular calcium measured with calcium-sensitive micro-electrodes and
      Arsenazo III in voltage-clamped Aplysia neurones.
AB  - Selected neurones of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica were voltage
      clamped, injected with the Ca2+-indicator dye Arsenazo III, and impaled with Ca2+
      selective micro-electrodes. Measurements of the absorbance signal (Arsenazo III)
      and Ca2+ micro-electrode potential during and following voltage-dependent Ca2+
      influx (induced by voltage-clamp pulses) were simultaneously recorded. In
      neurones held at -50 mV, the mean intracellular free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca]i)
      measured by the Ca2+ micro-electrode was 0.18 microM, S.D. = 0.22 microM, n = 13.
      Bathing the cell in 0 Ca2+ artificial sea water (ASW) or intracellularly
      injecting EGTA decreased the resting [Ca]i. Voltage-clamp pulses, which maximally
      activated Ca2+ channels (from -50 to +30 mV), transiently increased both the
      Arsenazo III absorbance and the Ca2+ micro-electrode signals, indicating a rise
      in [Ca]i. Given the Ca2+ micro-electrode's limited band width, the peak of the
      Ca2+ signal during the pulse train could not be resolved; however, there was a
      net deflexion of this signal following the last pulse which slowly decayed to
      base line. Bathing the cells in 0 Ca2+ ASW, or reducing the driving force for
      Ca2+ entry (by stepping the voltage-clamp pulses to much higher membrane
      potentials) dramatically reduced both the absorbance and the Ca2+ micro-electrode
      signal increases. On the other hand, bathing the cells in 100 mM-Ca2+ ASW
      increased both signals. The intracellular Ca2+ gradient within the cytoplasm
      following voltage-clamp pulses was investigated by moving the Ca2+-selective
      micro-electrode tip in a step-wise manner relative to the membrane surface. The
      measured rise in [Ca]i was greatest near the membrane and not measurable within
      40-50 microns of the membrane surface. The amplitude of the [Ca]i rise at
      different distances from the membrane could be fitted by a model based on a
      simple diffusion of Ca2+ from a plane source.

PMID- 6434728
TI  - Experimental displacement of intracellular pH and the mechanism of its subsequent
      recovery.

PMID- 6434729
TI  - Control of the repetitive discharge of rat CA 1 pyramidal neurones in vitro.
AB  - Experiments using intracellular recording techniques were performed on rat
      hippocampal neurones in vitro, to study the discharge properties of these cells.
      When CA 1 pyramidal cells were excited by injecting long depolarizing current
      pulses (approximately 600-800 ms), they responded with an initial rapid action
      potential discharge which slowed, or accommodated, and then stopped after 200-300
      ms. The train of action potentials was followed by a hyperpolarization which was
      due primarily to calcium-activated potassium conductance (GK(Ca]. The amplitude
      of this hyperpolarization increased with an increasing number of action
      potentials in the initial discharge. Blocking the calcium-activated potassium
      conductance, by injecting EGTA into the cell, by bathing the cell in cadmium, a
      calcium channel blocker, or by bathing the cell in calcium-free medium, reduced
      the after-hyperpolarization (a.h.p.) and accommodation such that the frequency of
      action potential discharge increased and the duration of this discharge was
      prolonged. Blocking the calcium-activated potassium conductance had a greater
      effect on discharge frequency later in the action potential train, as late
      interspike intervals were shortened more than early ones by the application of
      cadmium or of calcium-free medium. This was presumably because the calcium
      activated potassium conductance was more developed later in the train.
      Accommodation was not completely abolished in the absence of calcium and presence
      of cadmium, suggesting that other factors, in addition to calcium-activated
      potassium conductance, contributed to this process. This remaining accommodation
      was reduced by low doses of carbachol, suggesting that the M-current also plays a
      role in accommodation. We conclude that accommodation of the action potential
      discharge of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be regulated by at least two
      potassium currents: the calcium-activated potassium current and the M-current.
      Both of these currents are turned on during excitation of the neurone and act in
      an inhibitory manner on that neurone to limit further action potential discharge.

PMID- 6434730
TI  - Serine uptake by luminal and basolateral membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney.
AB  - The mechanism of renal transport of L- and D-serine by membrane vesicles prepared
      from either whole cortex, pars convoluta or pars recta of rabbit proximal tubule
      was studied by a rapid filtration technique and by a spectrophotometric method
      using a potential-sensitive carbocyanine dye. Transport studies carried out with
      different salt gradients and by employing various ionophores showed that uptake
      of both L- and D-serine by luminal membrane vesicles from whole cortex was
      mediated by an Na+-dependent and electrogenic transport process. Eadie-Hofstee
      analysis of experimental data, obtained under extravesicular greater than
      intravesicular NaCl gradients, revealed the existence of multiple transport
      systems for L-serine but only one system for the D-isomer. The value of KA (the
      concentration producing a half-maximal optical response) for the D-serine
      transport system was calculated to be approximately 30 mM. Luminal membrane
      vesicles from pars convoluta take up both L- and D-serine by a single and common
      transport system. KA values for L- and D-serine transport were calculated to be
      3.7 and 30 mM, respectively. Luminal membrane vesicles from pars recta take up L
      serine by means of two transport systems, one of high affinity (KA = 0.37 mM) and
      the other of low affinity (KA = 10 mM). By contrast, no D-serine transport by
      these membrane vesicles could be detected. Uptake of L-serine by basolateral
      membrane vesicles is Na+ independent and electroneutral. Filtration studies
      showed that the transport is saturable (Km = 25-30 mM) and is inhibited by the
      presence of L-phenylalanine (but not by D-serine), indicating carrier-mediated
      uptake of L-serine.

PMID- 6434731
TI  - Treatment of a fractured ossified Achilles tendon.

PMID- 6434732
TI  - Radiosensitization of Bacillus megaterium spores by combinations of oxygen and
      misonidazole.

PMID- 6434733
TI  - Induction of prophages in spores of Bacillus subtilis by ultraviolet irradiation
      from synchrotron orbital radiation.

PMID- 6434734
TI  - Intestinal absorption of maternal leucocytes by newborn lambs.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled maternal colostral or peripheral blood
      leucocytes appeared in the blood of newborn lambs following oral administration.
      A small population of autofluorescent cells was found in the blood of control
      lambs, but lambs receiving labelled leucocytes had significantly higher numbers
      of fluorescent cells in their blood. The peak appearance of labelled cells in the
      blood of newborn lambs occurred between 6 and 12 h after ingestion. Labelled
      cells were also absorbed by 3-day-old lambs. Cells from unrelated ewes were
      absorbed as well as cells from natural mothers.

PMID- 6434735
TI  - Oral contraceptives. The current risk-benefit ratio.
AB  - When oral contraceptive (OCs) first became available, they were thought to be
      close to the ideal method of contraception. However, by the late 1960s, reports
      of cardiovascular complications were beginning to appear. The risks of four
      cardiovascular diseases increased: (1) hypertension, (2) venous thromboembolism,
      (3) stroke and (4) myocardial infarction. First, hypertension is now accepted as
      one of the proven side effects of OC use. It also contributes to the morbidity
      and/or mortality resulting from stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac and
      renal failure. Second, the risk of a previously normal woman's developing venous
      thromboembolism is increased by OC use, but the absolute risks vary considerably.
      Third, the risk of stroke is greater among OC users, and the risk persists after
      one discontinues OC use. Finally, there is an association between Pill use and
      coronary heart disease, but heart attacks occur mainly in women who have
      additional risk factors, such as increasing age and smoking.

PMID- 6434736
TI  - Treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in the early third trimester in a
      patient with fetal distress. A case report.
AB  - A patient presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis at 30 weeks' gestation. Her
      case was complicated by uterine contractions and fetal distress. Treatment with
      rehydration and continuous infusion of insulin not only reversed the diabetic
      ketoacidosis but also stopped the uterine contractions and fetal distress.
      Ketoacidosis can stimulate uterine contractions and cause signs of fetal
      distress; these problems can be reversed by adequately treating the diabetic
      ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6434737
TI  - Drug prescription patterns for rheumatic disorders in Sweden.
AB  - Drug prescription patterns, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), were
      registered during the 1970s for disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and
      for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). An increased prescription of
      DMARD was found at a national level (Sweden), starting with chloroquine, followed
      by penicillamine and finally by gold. This same tendency was seen at a county
      (Vasterbotten) and a university hospital level (Umea). Among NSAID for oral use,
      the prescription of indomethacin and phenylbutazone gradually decreased in
      Sweden. Naproxen and ibuprofen increased rapidly, surpassing the others from
      1975. This increase was far less marked at the county level and at the
      rheumatology department of Umea in which the overall prescription of NSAID for
      inpatients decreased during the 70s.

PMID- 6434738
TI  - Hypothesis--a diagram of the form and origin of loose bodies in osteochondritis
      dissecans.
AB  - As an aid to explaining the relationship between the form and origin of loose
      bodies in osteochondritis dissecans (OD), diagrams are presented and discussed.

PMID- 6434739
TI  - Occult lead intoxication in patients with gout and kidney disease.
AB  - Ten patients with gout, hypertension, and mild to moderate renal insufficiency
      were studied for possible lead nephropathy by measuring stimulated urinary lead
      excretion. Seven had a history of lead exposure, 5 from illegal alcohol and 2
      from industrial sources. Occult lead was assessed by 24 h urine collection
      measurements over a 72 h period after intramuscular administration of calcium
      disodium EDTA. Two patients with a history of lead exposure excreted 707 and 687
      micrograms Pb/72 h, respectively, and a 3rd excreted 506 micrograms Pb/72 h. The
      remainder had a normal response, with mean urinary lead excretion of 251 +/- 42
      micrograms Pb/72 h. Since we were unable to demonstrate that lead was important
      to the pathogenesis of the renal we were unable to demonstrate that lead was
      important to the pathogenesis of the renal failure in 7 patients despite a
      positive history of lead exposure in 2, we suggest that factors other than lead
      may be the cause of renal failure in most patients with gout and renal disease.

PMID- 6434740
TI  - Hematologic reactions to chrysotherapy treated with iv N-acetylcysteine.

PMID- 6434741
TI  - Interaction of N4-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidylic acid with thymidylate synthetase.
AB  - The interaction of dTMP synthetase with N4-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidylate (N4-HOdCMP)
      has been investigated. With use of standard assay conditions, N4-HOd-CMP is a
      competitive inhibitor with an apparent Ki of 8.0 microM. Incubation of N4-HOdCMP
      with dTMP synthetase in the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2
      H4folate) resulted in a rapid time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme which was
      not first order and the formation of complexes which could be isolated on
      nitrocellulose filter membranes. With use of radioactive ligands, the isolable
      native complex was shown to possess 2 mol of N4-HOdCMP and 2 mol of CH2
      H4folate/mol of dimeric enzyme; the apparent dissociation constant of N4-HOdCMP
      was 1.0 microM. Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of the ternary complex showed
      a loss of the pyrimidine chromophore which did not reappear upon denaturation
      with NaDodSO4. The rate of dissociation of N4-HOdCMP from the ternary complex was
      biphasic in which one-half of the initially bound ligand dissociated with t 1/2
      congruent to 2.3 min and the remainder with t 1/2 congruent to 13 min. When the
      N4-HOdCMP-CH2-H4folate-enzyme complex was denatured, one-half of the CH2-H4folate
      dissociated whereas all of the N4-HOdCMP remained bound to the enzyme. Taken
      together, our results indicate that N4-HOdCMP forms a covalent bond with dTMP
      synthetase and reveal an unusual asymmetry in the two subunits of the N4-HOdCMP
      CH2-H4folate-enzyme complex. It appears that one subunit is covalently bound to
      N4-HOdCMP, which, in turn, is covalently linked to CH2-H4folate whereas the other
      subunit is covalently bound to N4-HOdCMP but CH2-H4folate is bound by noncovalent
      interactions.

PMID- 6434742
TI  - Electrophysiology of a clonal osteoblast-like cell line: evidence for the
      existence of a Ca2+-activated K+ conductance.
AB  - Intracellular microelectrode measurements were made on a well-characterized
      osteoblast-like clonal cell line isolated from a rat osteosarcoma. In serum-free
      medium, stable membrane potentials of -42 +/- 9 mV (SD, n = 190) were recorded.
      Ion substitution experiments suggested that this membrane potential is primarily
      a Na+/K+ diffusion potential. Input resistance was correlated strongly with
      colony size, ranging from 49 +/- 18 M omega (SD, n = 14) for colonies of 1-3
      cells, to 4 +/- 4 M omega (SD, n = 164) for colonies of 100 or more cells. These
      results are consistent with the existence of low resistance intercellular
      junctions. Application of the carboxylic calcium ionophore A23187 by pressure
      microejection onto the cell surface resulted in a transient hyperpolarization and
      concomitant decrease in input resistance. Both these effects are consistent with
      an increased K+ conductance. Ion substitution experiments demonstrated that the
      degree of hyperpolarization was dependent on the external concentration of both
      K+ and Ca2+. Quinine, a blocker of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, inhibited the
      ionophore-induced hyperpolarization in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded
      that these cells exhibit a Ca2+-activated K+ conductance.

PMID- 6434744
TI  - Geriatric imperative: the interface between the acute hospital and long-term
      care.

PMID- 6434743
TI  - A study of dynamic membrane phenomena during the gastric secretory cycle: fusion,
      retrieval and recycling of membranes.
AB  - The possibility of recycling, fusion and retrieval of membranes during the
      gastric secretory process was studied in isolated gastric mucosae of the toad
      Bufo marinus. Incorporation and efflux of 14C-inulin and horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) into the tissue as well as transmission and freeze-fracture electron
      microscopic studies during the secretory cycle were done. HRP and 14C-inulin were
      incorporated into the tubulovesicular membrane system during the secreting
      resting transition. Upon restimulation, markers were released towards the lumen.
      Marker efflux preceded onset of H+ secretion. Morphological transformations in
      the oxyntic cell as evidenced from transmission and freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy preceded acid secretion coinciding with marker efflux. At this time,
      images that have been associated with membrane fusion were found in the apical
      membranes of oxyntic cells. The results are consistent with a model where
      membrane area increases by a fusion mechanism at the expense of the
      tubulovesicular system. This transformation precedes the onset of H+ secretion.
      Upon cessation of the stimulus or inhibition, membranes are retrieved and the
      tubulovesicular system reformed. Retrieved membranes could be then reutilized in
      the next secretory cycle.

PMID- 6434745
TI  - Influence of fixative osmolality on the morphometric determination of
      extracellular space in normal and reperfused ischaemic myocardium.
AB  - Morphometric determination of extracellular space in control and post-ischaemic
      reperfused rabbit myocardium was evaluated using two fixatives differing in their
      composition and total osmolality. Measurement of control extracellular space in
      an isotonic fixative (294 mOsm/kg water) was 20.8% and in a hypertonic fixative
      (1816 mOsm/kg water) was 22.2%. These values were not statistically different.
      Ischaemic durations of 15, 30, 60 and 90 min, followed by an equivalent period of
      reperfusion, created significant increases in extracellular space. The size of
      the extracellular space determined by both fixatives was found to be the same.
      Total fixative osmolality does not appear to influence morphometric evaluation of
      the extracellular space in control tissue or in tissue damaged by ischaemia and
      reperfusion.

PMID- 6434746
TI  - Selection of calcium isotopes for secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis of
      biological material.
AB  - The use of stable isotopes as tracers for elemental localization is a function of
      the background count rate which is dependent upon both the natural abundance and
      the quantity of interferences at the nominal mass. The occurrence of a variable
      and unpredictable high background count rate at mass 44+ in biological tissue,
      probably CO2+, limits the usefulness of this isotope for physiological problems.

PMID- 6434747
TI  - lacZ translation initiation mutations.
AB  - Sixteen single point mutations near the beginning of the lacZ gene have been
      isolated and their effect on lacZ expression has been measured. Five mutations
      were obtained that alter a potential stem-and-loop structure in the messenger RNA
      that masks the initiation codons. Formation of this stem-and-loop is a result of
      transcription of DNA sequences introduced during the cloning of the lac
      regulatory region. The mutations isolated were then moved into a background that
      deleted this structure. Analysis of these mutations indicated that the secondary
      structure inhibited lacZ expression 5.8-fold and that either single point
      mutations or a 9 base-pair deletion could relieve this inhibition completely. In
      addition, it was found that an A to C transversion in the first base following
      the initiation codon (in the absence of the inhibitory secondary structure)
      decreases lacZ expression almost twofold, whereas C to U transitions in the next
      two positions have negligible effects. Mutations were also obtained that either
      increase or decrease the length of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The effects of
      these mutations were studied in the presence or absence of the secondary
      structure that involves the two initiation codons. It was found that when
      translation initiation was inhibited by the secondary structure, increasing the
      length of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence increased lacZ expression 2.8-fold and
      decreasing the length of this sequence reduced lacZ expression 12-fold. When
      translation initiation was not inhibited by the secondary structure, increasing
      the length of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence had no effect and decreasing the length
      of this sequence only reduced lacZ expression sixfold. The mechanistic
      implications of these results are discussed. Two initiation codons are located in
      the beginning of the lacZ gene, 7 and 13 bases from the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
      NH2-terminal sequence analysis indicated that the majority of the protein
      synthesized initiate at the first initiation codon in the wild-type lacZ gene (in
      agreement with results reported previously by J. L. Brown and his colleagues).
      Upon introduction of sequences that result in a change in the mRNA secondary
      structure, both initiation codons are used in almost equal amounts. Three
      mutations and two pseudorevertants were obtained, which are located in the first
      initiation codon. It was found that when the first initiation codon is changed
      from AUG to GUG, translation initiation is decreased tenfold at that
      codon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6434748
TI  - An analysis of incorrectly folded protein models. Implications for structure
      predictions.
AB  - Proteins with homologous amino acid sequences have similar folds and it has been
      assumed that an unknown three-dimensional structure can be obtained from a known
      homologous structure by substituting new side-chains into the polypeptide chain
      backbone, followed by relatively small adjustment of the model. To examine this
      approach of structure prediction and, more generally, to isolate the
      characteristics of native proteins, we constructed two incorrectly folded protein
      models. Sea-worm hemerythrin and the variable domain of mouse immunoglobulin K
      chain, two proteins with no sequence homology, were chosen for study; the former
      is composed of a bundle of four alpha-helices and the latter consists of two 4
      stranded beta-sheets. Using an automatic computer procedure, hemerythrin side
      chains were substituted into the immunoglobulin domain and vice versa. The
      structures were energy-minimized with the program CHARMM and the resulting
      structures compared with the correctly folded forms. It was found that the
      incorrect side-chains can be incorporated readily into both types of structures
      (alpha-helices, beta-sheets) with only small structural adjustments. After
      constrained energy-minimization, which led to an average atomic co-ordinate shift
      of no more than 0.7 to 0.9 A, the incorrectly folded models arrived at potential
      energy values comparable to those of the correct structures. Detailed analysis of
      the energy results shows that the incorrect structures have less stabilizing
      electrostatic, van der Waals' and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The difference
      is particularly pronounced when the electrostatic and van der Waals' energy terms
      are calculated by modified equations that include an approximate representation
      of solvent effects. The incorrectly folded structures also have a significantly
      larger solvent-accessible surface and a greater fraction of non-polar side-chain
      atoms exposed to solvent. Examination of their interior shows that the packing of
      side-chains at the secondary structure interfaces, although corresponding to
      sterically allowed conformations, deviates from the characteristics found in
      normal proteins. The analysis of incorrectly folded structures has made it clear
      that the absence of bad non-bonded contacts, though necessary, is not sufficient
      to demonstrate the validity of model-built structures and that modeling of
      homologous structures has to be accompanied by a thorough quantitative evaluation
      of the results. Further, certain features that characterize native proteins are
      made evident by their absence in misfolded models.

PMID- 6434749
TI  - Sonographic depiction of endometrial changes occurring with ovulation induction.
AB  - Endometrial thickness and texture were evaluated with serial pelvic sonograms in
      ten normal, menstruating women and 107 patients undergoing ovulation induction
      for in vitro fertilization. Serial sonograms were performed in the control group
      every other day throughout the menstrual cycle, whereas the sonographic
      examinations of the ovulation induction patients were performed daily in a four-
      to eight-day time interval after their medications were completed and prior to
      laparoscopy for follicular aspiration. Endometrial thickness increased (defined
      as a persistent change greater than or equal to 1 mm) in 21 of 53 women (40
      percent) who received human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG). Of the 54 women
      treated with clomiphene citrate (CC), five of 12 (42 percent) at 50 mg daily, 13
      of 33 (39 percent) at 100 mg daily, and one of nine (11 percent) at 150 mg daily
      were found to have endometrial thickening. Although the frequencies of
      endometrial thickening in the high-dose CC and HMG groups were not significantly
      different (P = 0.09), the peak estradiol (E2) levels in the CC (150 mg) group (E2
      = 944 +/- 165 pg/ml) were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those in
      the HMG group (E2 = 584 +/- 26 pg/ml). The relatively low frequency of
      endometrial thickening in women receiving CC (150 mg) despite very high E2
      levels, and the decreased incidence of endometrial thickening relative to
      increasing dosages of CC may reflect an antiestrogenic effect of CC on the
      endometrium. In those patients undergoing ovulation induction, the texture of the
      endometrium remained the same in 98 cycles and changed during nine.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434750
TI  - Immunocompetence in patients with prosthetic graft infection.
AB  - The immunologic competence of 12 patients with advanced and fulminating
      prosthetic graft infections was studied. Critical deficiencies were noted in the
      immune status of all the patients. Enhancement of immune responses with
      accelerated recovery occurred in 8 of the 12 patients who received total
      parenteral nutritional support. The four patients who exhibited anergy and were
      not given the benefits of supplemental nutrition endured a prolonged
      convalescence, and two subsequently died. This study brought to our attention not
      only the prevalence of depressed host resistance in these critically ill
      individuals with advanced prosthetic graft injections but also the benefits of
      adjunctive parenteral nutritional support in combination with the more
      conventional modes of therapy, including antibiotics, surgical removal of the
      septic nidus, and bypass to restore arterial continuity.

PMID- 6434751
TI  - Sequential changes in coagulation and platelet function following femorotibial
      bypass.
AB  - Twenty-four patients who received no antiplatelet medications and underwent
      femorotibial bypass grafting (nine vein, 12 polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], and
      three composite PTFE-vein) had serial measurements taken of their platelet
      function and coagulation. The concentration of collagen required to produce half
      maximal platelet aggregation (Kd), the platelet aggregation ratio, antithrombin
      III, factor VIII-related antigen, and fibrinolytic activity (platelet-rich
      plasma) was measured preoperatively and 3 and 7 days after surgery. Before
      surgery eight patients exhibited an increase of platelet reactivity to collagen.
      Following femorotibial bypass grafting, the mean preoperative Kd of 0.52 +/- 0.37
      microgram/ml fell to 0.34 +/- 0.35 microgram/ml on the third postoperative day (P
      less than 0.001) and returned to 0.41 +/- 0.72 microgram/ml on day 7. Factor VIII
      related antigen increased from a mean preoperative value of 248 +/- 29% of normal
      activity to a mean of 360 +/- 96% on postoperative day 3 (p less than 0.01) and
      further increased to 428 +/- 78% on day 7 (p less than 0.01). Fourteen patients
      had antithrombin III measurements taken, and their levels also fell on the third
      postoperative day (110 +/- 5.7% to 71 +/- 6.5%; p less than 0.001). No
      significant changes in fibrinolytic activity were noted. Persistent platelet
      reactivity was found in seven patients beyond the seventh postoperative day.
      After administration of 325 mg of aspirin, the abnormal platelet reactivity
      ceased. Increased platelet reactivity to collagen, factor VIII-related antigen,
      and a decrease in the antithrombin III level are indicative of a hypercoagulable
      state in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434752
TI  - Peroperative cholangiography--Karachi experience.

PMID- 6434753
TI  - Early versus delayed surgery for acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 6434754
TI  - Bacteriological study of fresh market's meat (beef and mutton) of
      Rawalpindi/Islamabad Region.

PMID- 6434755
TI  - Muslim contribution to surgery.

PMID- 6434756
TI  - Intraesophageal acid perfusion test (Bernstein test).

PMID- 6434757
TI  - E.C.G. quiz.

PMID- 6434758
TI  - Determination of foetal gestational age.

PMID- 6434759
TI  - [The alteration of intrapulmonary shunt and Va/Q distribution as a cause of
      postoperative hypoxemia after upper abdominal surgery].

PMID- 6434760
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. I. Its acute toxicities in
      mice and rats].
AB  - Acute toxicities of MT-141 were studied in mice and rats to obtain the following
      results. LD50 value of MT-141 by i.v. administration was 6,100 mg/kg for male
      mice and 5,200 mg/kg for female mice. The LD50 value by i.m. administration was
      8,200 mg/kg for the males and 8,600 mg/kg for the females, respectively. The mice
      administered with a lethal dose of MT-141 showed abnormal syndromes such as
      decreased spontaneous movement, decreased rate of respiration, ataxic gait,
      sedative state and loss of righting reflex, followed by a decrease of body
      weight. Gross inspection revealed no remarkable change in the organs and tissues
      of mice after a treatment with a lethal dose of MT-141. LD50 value of this
      compound was 6,600 mg/kg for male rats and 5,700 mg/kg for female rats by i.v.
      administration, 8,600 mg/kg for the males and 8,550 mg/kg for the females by i.p.
      administration, 9,600 mg/kg for the males and 9,700 mg/kg for the females by i.m.
      administration and more than 15,000 mg/kg for both sexes by s.c. or p.o.
      administration, respectively. The rats given a lethal dose of MT-141 showed
      abnormal syndromes such as stepping gait, face-down position, decreased rate of
      respiration, ataxic gait, decreased spontaneous movement and loss of righting
      reflex, followed by a decrease of body weight. The rats exhibited stretching
      behavior when given MT-141 through i.p. route and manifested vocalization when
      given it through s.c. and i.m. routes. The results of gross inspection and
      histopathological observation suggested that high doses of MT-141 induced slight
      renal toxicity in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434761
TI  - [Toxicological studies of a new cephamycin, MT-141. II. Its subacute toxicity in
      rats].
AB  - In this subacute study, male and female rats were administered with 100, 200,
      400, 800 and 1,600 mg/kg/day of MT-141 through an intramuscular (i.m.) route or
      with 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day through an intravenous (i.v.) route for
      30 days. MT-141 did not cause lethal effect on male and female rats even at the
      high dosage of 1,600 mg/kg/day i.m. (approx. one-6th of LD50) and 800 mg/kg/day
      i.v. (approx. one-8th of LD50). Histopathological findings revealed that MT-141
      induced slight local irritation at the sites of i.m. and i.v. injection. Only at
      a high dose of 1,600 mg/kg/day i.m., MT-141 reduced significantly the gain of
      body weight in male rats, which was closely related to the decrease of food
      intake. A slight decrease in serum Cr. and Glc. was observed in male rats at the
      doses more than 200 mg/kg/day i.m. and a slight decrease of liver weight at the
      doses more than 800 mg/kg/day i.m., while a slight increase of serum CPK, GOT, A1
      P and LDH was perceived at the doses more than 800 mg/kg/day i.m. The distention
      of cecum was induced by the doses more than 400 mg/kg/day i.m. but
      histopathological findings revealed no abnormality in the cecum. These results
      suggest that MT-141 at the dosage level of 1,600 mg/kg/day i.m. causes
      nonspecific slight toxicity based on the disturbance of nourishment in male rats.
      In female rats given 100 to 1,600 mg/kg/day i.m., MT-141 at the high doses
      induced a slight increase of serum GOT, LDH and CPK and distention of the cecum.
      It is assumed from these results that MT-141 at the dosage level of 1,600
      mg/kg/day causes nonspecific slight toxicity in female rats. In male rats given
      50 to 800 mg/kg/day through an i.v. route, the level of serum Glc. and Cr. and
      the liver weight slightly decreased at the doses more than 200 mg/kg/day i.v. The
      cecum distended at the doses more than 100 mg/kg/day i.v. The dose of 800
      mg/kg/day i.v. increased the activity of LDH and CPK in the serum. In female
      rats, MT-141 raised slightly the level of serum GOT, A1-P, LDH and CPK even at
      the doses more than 400 mg/kg/day i.v., reduced the liver weight at the dose of
      800 mg/kg/day i.v. and distended the cecum at the all doses. These results
      suggest that MT-141 at the dosage level of 800 mg/kg/day i.v. induces nonspecific
      slight toxicity in male and female rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6434762
TI  - [Toxicological studies of a new cephamycin, MT-141. III. Its chronic toxicity in
      rats].
AB  - The chronic toxicity of MT-141 was studied in male and female Wistar rats with
      182-time intramuscular injections of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,600 mg/kg/day
      and the following results were obtained. MT-141 at all dosage levels caused no
      lethal effect on rats. However, it induced local inflammatory changes at the site
      of injection, such as hemorrhage, infiltration of round cells and fibrosis
      particularly at high doses. MT-141 at a high dose of 1,600 mg/kg/day decreased
      the gain of body weights in male rats but not in female rats. MT-141 increased
      the water intake in male and female rats from 8th day till last day after
      treatments with the doses more than 800 mg/kg/day. This compound also softened
      the feces and distended the cecum. MT-141 at the highest dosage level of 1,600
      mg/kg/day increased the weight of kidney in male and female rats. Electron
      microscopic findings revealed dissociation of basal infolding and dilatation of
      endoplasmic reticulum in renal epithelial cells of rats treated with the doses
      more than 800 mg/kg/day. These results suggest that MT-141 may induce renal
      toxicity in rats at these doses. The administration of MT-141 changed some
      toxicological parameters in gross and histopathological examinations and analyses
      of blood, serum and urine. However, the changes were accidental, independent on
      the dose and within physiological variations. It is concluded from above
      mentioned results that the maximal "no effective" dose of MT-141 is 400 mg/kg/day
      in male and female rats.

PMID- 6434763
TI  - [The mutagenicity evaluation of MT-141, a new cephamycin].
AB  - Mutagenicity of MT-141, a new cephamycin, was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo
      assays. MT-141 did not induce mutations of the test strains, Escherichia coli WP2
      (uvr A) and Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA100 and TA98, with
      and without metabolic activation in vitro. In bone marrow micronucleus assay with
      male mice, MT-141 showed no induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte
      at 6 hours and 30 hours after administration. In addition MT-141 was found not to
      cause any dominant lethal effects on male mice for 8 weeks after administration.

PMID- 6434764
TI  - [Distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-MT-141 in rats. I. Distribution,
      metabolism and excretion after single intravenous administration in male rats].
AB  - The distribution, metabolism and excretion of the radioactivity were studied in
      male rats after the bolus intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The
      biological half-lives obtained from the blood concentration-time curve were 0.43
      hour for the data in the first 4 hours and 16.5 hours for the data from 6 hours
      to 24 hours after the intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The radioactivity
      was excreted mainly into urine, and the cumulative urinary and fecal excretion of
      the radioactivity were 75.2% and 24.1% of the dose, respectively, within 120
      hours after the intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The cumulative biliary
      excretion of the radioactivity was 18% of the dose within 48 hours after the
      intravenous administration, and 35% of the radioactivity excreted into bile
      (about 6% of the dose) was reabsorbed from the intestine. The highest
      concentration of the radioactivity was observed in the kidneys, and also the
      relatively high concentrations were observed in the liver, plasma and intestine,
      while the concentrations in the brain, fat and muscle were low. Within 24 hours
      after the intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141, the radioactivity in the
      highly distributed organs or tissues was decreased to less than 3% of the values
      at 5 minutes after the intravenous administration. A small amount of N-acetyl-MT
      141 was found in urine and feces as a metabolite.

PMID- 6434765
TI  - [Distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-MT-141 in rats. II. Distribution
      and excretion after multiple intravenous administration in male rats and after
      single intravenous administration in female rats].
AB  - The distribution and tissue accumulation of the radioactivity were studied in
      male rats after the multiple intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The
      distribution and the placental transfer were also studied using pregnant rats or
      lactating rats after the single intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The
      radioactive concentration in the fetus was low and the radioactivity was
      distributed almost uniformly through the fetus body. The peak time of the milk
      level was 2 hours after the administration and the radioactivity in milk
      decreased gradually thereafter. The milk levels decreased more slowly than the
      blood levels did. The blood level after the last dose administered daily for 7
      days tended to decrease more slowly, when compared with the single
      administration. However the blood concentration at 48 hours after the last
      administration was less than 3 times as high as that after the single
      administration.

PMID- 6434766
TI  - [Decreases in plasma antithrombin III, fibrinogen, factor IX, X and XI,
      fibronectin and thyroxine binding globulin during therapy with L-asparaginase,
      vincristine and prednisolone in a patient with CML blastic crisis].

PMID- 6434767
TI  - [Pituitary functions in anorexia nervosa, with special reference to weight loss].

PMID- 6434768
TI  - [Analysis of proteinuria--analytical methods and its clinical significance].

PMID- 6434769
TI  - [Growth hormone releasing factor].

PMID- 6434770
TI  - The standardization of the candidate national standard anti-D blood-typing serum
      with the Groupamatic MG50 system.
AB  - The utility of the Groupamatic MG50 system for quantitative expression of
      agglutination in terms of continuous response was studied. By use of the
      characteristics of the design of this system, in which the change in voltage
      reflects the degree of agglutination, a linear regression relationship between
      the log ratio of light flux obtained by transformation of the voltage and the log
      dilution factor of the serum was demonstrated. The availability of the parallel
      line assay method to the standardization of the blood grouping antisera was also
      described.

PMID- 6434771
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal anti-G3m(g) antibody.

PMID- 6434772
TI  - [Low ionic polybrene (LIP) test for extended blood grouping].

PMID- 6434773
TI  - On the production of hydroxy fatty acids and fatty acid oligomers in the course
      of adipocere formation.

PMID- 6434774
TI  - [Adjusting nutrition tubes and drainage lines].

PMID- 6434775
TI  - [Postoperative metabolism and body fluid control; transfusion and IVH].

PMID- 6434776
TI  - Relationship between endogenous prostaglandin E and the vasoconstrictor response
      to noradrenaline in a perfused arterial segment.
AB  - The close interrelation between endogenous prostaglandin E (PGE) and the
      vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline (NA) was evaluated using a perfused
      central arterial segment of a rabbit ear. The endogenous PGE level, measured
      radioimmunologically, was estimated from that in the perfusate. Pretreatment with
      arachidonic acid (AA) caused a decrease in the response to NA which was
      accompanied by a rise in the PGE level. The response to NA (% control) correlated
      significantly and negatively with the PGE level (ng/ml) in the perfusate. In
      addition, repetitively applied NA elicited gradual augmentation in the response
      to NA, which was accompanied by a reduction in the PGE level in the perfusate.
      These results seem to suggest that the endogenous PGE in the perfused central
      arterial segment of the rabbit ear is related to the inhibitory action on the
      response to NA.

PMID- 6434777
TI  - [Air-plombage after open window thoracostomy for chronic empyema. Thoracostomy
      window pedicle muscle prosthesis by the anterior serratus muscle].

PMID- 6434778
TI  - New rumen ciliates, Polymorphella bovis sp.n. and Entodinium longinucleatum forma
      spinolobum f.n., from the zebu cattle in Thailand.

PMID- 6434779
TI  - Oncogenes and proto-oncogenes: how do they differ?

PMID- 6434780
TI  - Effects of mitomycin on human colon carcinoma cells.
AB  - Subpopulations of malignant cells from primary cultures of human colon carcinoma
      were characterized with respect to their response to mitomycin (MMC). Growth
      inhibition assays indicated values of 2.06, 0.93, and 0.33 microM for the
      concentration of drug giving 50% inhibition of growth for sublines HCT 116b, HCT
      116, and HCT 116a, respectively. Alkaline elution of filter-bound DNA from cells
      exposed to MMC in vitro showed a positive correlation between the amount of DNA
      cross-linking and growth inhibition as a function of drug concentration.
      Comparable DNA cross-linking was obtained at MMC concentrations of 10 microM for
      HCT 116b and 5 microM and HCT 116. The cross-linking of DNA from HCT 116a cells
      at 5 microM MMC was approximately equal to that from HCT 116 cells at doses
      between 10 and 20 microM MMC. Cross-link removal as a function of time after drug
      removal of MMC-treated cells was also measured. There was little difference in
      the rates of alkaline DNA elution after drug removal between HCT 116b and HCT
      116a, suggesting that the ability to repair cross-links was not responsible for
      the differential sensitivities of the cells to MMC. The relative sensitivities of
      the subpopulations to MMC were reflected in vivo by MMC treatment of nude BALB/c
      mice bearing xenografts of the cultured sublines.

PMID- 6434781
TI  - Adhesion of tumor cells to hepatocytes: different mechanisms for mammary
      carcinoma compared with lymphosarcoma cells.
AB  - Mechanisms of adhesion between tumor cells and hepatocytes, which are likely to
      play a role in liver metastasis formation, were studied in vitro. TA3 mammary
      carcinoma and MB6A lymphosarcoma cells were added to rat hepatocytes that had
      been cultured for 24 hours. Adhesion was quantified by counting adherent cells
      seen in sections of pelleted, Epon-embedded culture fragments. Adhesion of TA3,
      but not of MB6A cells, was inhibited by antibodies prepared from an antiserum
      raised against sinusoidal face-enriched liver plasma membranes. Detergent
      solubilized liver components, affinity purified on immobilized inhibitory
      antibodies, neutralized inhibition, whereas a subfraction separated from this
      material with the use of immobilized noninhibitory antiliver antibodies had no
      neutralizing activity. Adhesion of MB6A but not of TA3 cells was inhibited by the
      calcium ionophore A23187 and the local anesthetic procaine. The calmodulin
      inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited adhesion of MB6A cells more strongly than
      that of TA3 cells. Finally, adhesion of TA3 cells was dependent on external
      calcium, whereas in the case of MB6A cells calcium could be replaced by
      magnesium. These observations suggested that adhesion of the two tumor cell types
      to hepatocytes involved distinct hepatocyte surface molecules and required
      distinct biochemical machinery.

PMID- 6434782
TI  - Pituitary gonadotropin secretion after two consecutive administrations of LH-RH
      in normal subjects.

PMID- 6434783
TI  - [Resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv to a new
      antibiotic DL 8280].

PMID- 6434784
TI  - [Medical topics: legionellosis and cot death. Gonorrhea and Neisseria
      meningitides].

PMID- 6434785
TI  - [Effectiveness of treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction by
      intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin and streptokinase].
AB  - The intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin and streptokinase was assigned
      to 95 patients with acute myocardial infarction. In 69 (79.3%) out of the 87
      occluded coronary arteries the antegrade blood flow was restored. After the
      thrombolysis, aortocoronary shunting was performed in 26 patients and
      transcutaneous transluminal coronary angioplastic surgery in five patients. In 71
      patients control angiographic examination was carried out 17-185 days later. It
      was revealed that in 73.7% of drug-treated patients, the antegrade blood flow was
      retained for an average of 37 days. Patients with the intact coronary blood flow
      after the thrombolysis exhibited a positive pattern of the parameters of left
      ventricular contractile function which was especially expressed following
      aortocoronary bypassing. In cases of thrombolysis failure or reocclusion, left
      ventricular contractility had a negative profile.

PMID- 6434786
TI  - [Effect of nitrates on cardiodynamics in patients with atrioventricular block
      treated by electrocardiostimulation].
AB  - The clinical and hemodynamic effect of nitrates with both their single
      administration and a prolonged therapy in patients with atrioventricular block
      related to elecrocardiostimulation has been studied. Nitroglycerin has been found
      to exercise its action in two phases: first decreasing and then increasing
      cardiac output. The character of phase I has been ascertained to correlate with
      the potential development of various complications during the treatment with
      nitrates. A conclusion has been drawn as to the efficacy of nitrosorbid
      employment in the multiple modality treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency in
      patients with an implanted cardiostimulator.

PMID- 6434787
TI  - Diabetic ketoacidosis: role of the kidney in the acid-base homeostasis re
      evaluated.

PMID- 6434788
TI  - The metabolism of arachidonic acid by platelets in nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by platelets
      following an arachidonic acid (AA) challenge was greater in nephrotic platelet
      rich plasma (PRP) than in normal PRP. The uptake of 14C-AA, and its subsequent
      conversion to 14C-TxB2 following a thrombin stimulus, was also greater in
      nephrotic than normal PRP. Normal plasma diminished the MDA production by
      nephrotic platelets. The addition of albumin to nephrotic PRP, or, the
      intravenous infusion of albumin in quantities sufficient to correct
      hypoalbuminemia also diminished the excessive production of prostaglandin
      metabolites by nephrotic platelets. The platelet aggregate ratio (PAR), which
      measures circulating platelet aggregates, was abnormal during the acute phase of
      nephrotic syndrome but reverted to normal following remission. These data
      indicate that hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased AA metabolism by
      platelets and suggest that platelet "hyperactivity" may contribute to the
      proclivity toward thrombosis observed in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6434789
TI  - Light-chain deposition disease: its relation with AL-type amyloidosis.

PMID- 6434790
TI  - Macrophage-dependent arachidonate metabolism in hydronephrosis.
AB  - Unilateral ureteral obstruction in rabbits leads to an influx of macrophages into
      the kidney, a proliferation of interstitial cells, and an increase in arachidonic
      acid metabolism. The role of the macrophage in the metabolic changes of
      hydronephrosis was investigated by using endotoxin and nitrogen mustard. The in
      vivo administration of endotoxin, a macrophage agonist, 1 hour before perfusion
      of the hydronephrotic kidney markedly enhanced (fourfold to tenfold) the peptide
      stimulated arachidonic acid metabolism of the perfused kidney. Nitrogen mustard
      made animals leukopenic and prevented the influx of macrophages into the
      hydronephrotic kidney. The peptide-stimulated arachidonic acid metabolism of
      these kidneys was suppressed, and no enhancement was seen with in vivo endotoxin
      administration. The macrophage thus appears to be an essential determinant of the
      enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism seen in experimental hydronephrosis. An
      inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 on macrophage function in this model of
      renal inflammation was also demonstrated. Hydronephrotic animals were given
      aspirin during the period of unilateral ureteral obstruction to prevent in vivo
      prostaglandin E2 production. In the perfused hydronephrotic kidney, the peptide
      stimulated arachidonic acid metabolism, which appears to be a marker of
      macrophage function in this model, was enhanced by aspirin treatment.

PMID- 6434791
TI  - Evidence that renal prostaglandins are involved in renal water metabolism in
      cirrhosis.
AB  - Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion (UPGE2V)
      were measured in basal conditions, after water restriction, and after water
      loading in 10 normal subjects (free water clearance after the water load, CH2O,
      9.6 +/- 0.8 ml/min) and in 27 patients with cirrhosis and ascites (13 with a
      positive CH2O: 3.6 +/- 0.5; 14 with a negative CH2O: -0.37 +/- 0.007). Plasma ADH
      and UPGE2V were significantly increased in patients with a positive CH2O as
      compared with normal subjects. Patients with a negative CH2O showed a
      significantly higher plasma ADH and a lower UPGE2V and GFR than did normal
      subjects and patients with the positive CH2O. In 18 additional subjects (6 normal
      and 12 with cirrhosis, ascites, and a positive CH2O) submitted to a sustained
      water overload, the i.v. administration of 450 mg of lysine acetylsalicylate
      (LAS) induced a marked reduction of UPGE2V, but it had no effect on plasma ADH.
      LAS did not alter GFR and CH2O in normal subjects; however, it reduced CH2O in
      all the 12 patients (from 5.1 +/- 0.4 to 0.6 +/- 0.3) and the GFR in only 6 of
      these patients. These results suggest (a) that renal PGE2 plays an important role
      in the maintenance of water excretion in cirrhosis with ascites, and (b) that
      impaired ability to dilute the urine in cirrhosis may be a consequence of the
      simultaneous occurrence of impaired renal hemodynamics, nonostomic hypersecretion
      of ADH, and reduced renal production of PGE2.

PMID- 6434792
TI  - [Separate drainage of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct into a
      duodenal diverticulum].

PMID- 6434793
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation in panmyelopathy, acute leukemia and chronic
      myelocytic leukemia: results of the Ulm Transplantation Group].
AB  - From 1972-1983 53 patients underwent bone marrow transplantation. The median age
      was 18 years (3-41). 27 patients suffered from severe aplastic anaemia, 22
      patients had acute leukaemia and 4 patients had chronic granulocytic leukaemia in
      chronic phase. Out of 22 patients with acute leukaemia, 2 had florid leukaemia, 2
      had an early relapse and 18 patients were in first or second remission of their
      disease. 2/53 patients received a syngeneic transplant, 51/53 patients an
      allogeneic transplant. 47/51 patients had a HLA-A, B, C-identical, MLC-negative
      sibling donor, 1/51 had a HLA-A, B-C-identical, MLC-positive sibling donor, 2/51
      a HLA-phaenotypical identical parental donor and 1/51 a HLA-identical, MLC
      negative unrelated donor. The comparison of the results obtained in patients with
      severe aplastic anaemia transplanted from 1972-1979 with those transplanted from
      1980-1983 shows that the bone marrow transplantation has to be performed in an
      early stage of the disease before the patients become multiple transfused,
      sensitized and severely infected and that the conditioning regimen for
      polytransfused patients has to be more intensive than in untransfused patients.
      From the patient group transplanted 1972-1979, only 1/14 patients is a long-term
      survivor in contrast to 8/13 patients transplanted from 1980-1983. 11/22 patients
      with acute leukaemia are alive between more than 5 years and 14 days after bone
      marrow transplantation. Only 1/4 patients, who were transplanted not in
      remission, is alive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6434795
TI  - [Hypotheses on the validity of the radioimmunologic measurement of FT4].
AB  - In patients undergoing long-term thyroid hormone therapy with constant doses the
      results of FT4 concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay (FT4-AMERLEX) were
      compared with calculated FT4 values and related to total thyroxine, serum TBG
      levels, respectively T4/TBG, to control the validity of radioimmunologic FT4
      measurements for clinical routine diagnostic purposes. Based on mathematical
      analyses on the interdependence of these values the following principles were
      confirmed: free thyroxine measurements are dependent on total thyroxine with a
      power of x to the exponent and on T4/TBG-ratio with an exponential function. The
      percentage of free thyroxine (FT4/TT4 ratio) is inversely and exponentially
      related to serum TBG concentrations. Indeed, the RIA-FT4 results are largely
      independent of the concentration of binding globulin within certain limits. In
      thyroid patients without extrathyroid disorders no grossly false hypo- or
      hyperthyroid FT4 values are to be expected by deviating thyroxine globulin
      concentrations.

PMID- 6434794
TI  - Trial of sulfonylurea in combination with insulin in the therapy of diabetes type
      I and II. Evidence against a primary extrapancreatic receptor effect.
AB  - Recently in vitro evidence has been presented that sulfonylurea derivatives exert
      their chronic extrapancreatic effect by increasing the number of cellular insulin
      receptors. To ascertain if this receptor effect holds in vivo, we performed a
      randomized double-blind study on 21 type I (0.3 ng/ml residual C-peptide
      secretory capacity after glucose/glibenclamide stimulation), and on 19 insulin
      treated type II (2.0 ng/ml C-peptide) diabetics. The patients received for six
      weeks 10 mg/d of glibenclamide in addition to insulin. Insulin binding was
      initially lower in type II (4.7 +/- 0.75% per 10(7) monocytes and 6.39 +/- 1.08%
      per 4.5 X 10(9) erythrocytes) than in type I diabetic patients (5.1 +/- 0.48% and
      7.95 +/- 0.88% respectively) and in 12 normal subjects (5.25 +/- 0.48 and 8.1 +/-
      0.94% respectively). Glibenclamide normalized the number of monocyte receptors
      (from 4.14 to 5.49 X 10(4) sites/cell) in type II patients, but was without
      effect in type I diabetics. Blood glucose was significantly reduced (240 to 182
      mg/dl; p = 0.02) in the type II group with a concomitant decrease in glycosylated
      hemoglobin from 12.4 to 10.5% (p = 0.01). Most of the effect occurred during the
      first week of treatment. Glibenclamide was the more effective the worse the
      initial metabolic state (r = -0.93; p = 0.001). Erythrocyte insulin receptors
      decreased markedly in both groups, perhaps due to a sulfonyl urea-induced change
      in erythrocyte plasma survival time. It is concluded that sulfonylurea treatment
      is a valuable adjunct in reducing the insulin resistance in insulin treated type
      II diabetics. The effect depends on the availability of endogenous insulin, thus
      exhibiting only partly extrapancreatic character.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6434796
TI  - [Effect of maximum physical exertion on the oxygen transport system of the
      blood].
AB  - Ventilation, gas exchange, gas composition and pH of venous blood, as well as
      oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves were investigated during exercise tests of 9
      healthy volunteers, aged 19-31. During maximal exercises the dissociation curve
      shifted to the right. The shift was associated with the extraerythrocyte factor,
      i.e. the Bohr effect due to metabolic acidosis in muscles. The shift which
      indicates a lower hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and a higher oxygen release by
      blood is of adaptive importance: during exercises oxygen supply to tissues
      increases. This shift is also evidenced by an increase of venous pO2 during
      muscle work.

PMID- 6434797
TI  - Production of new type of antisera to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) using
      carbodiimide coupling and an application to immunohistochemistry.

PMID- 6434798
TI  - The effect of a TRH analog on pyramidal neurons in the guinea-pig hippocampus in
      vitro.

PMID- 6434799
TI  - Effects of TRH and an analog, DN-1417 on the activities of single neurons in the
      nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen of rats.

PMID- 6434800
TI  - A thyrotropin releasing hormone analog, DN-1417, increases endogenous dopamine
      release from slices of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens.

PMID- 6434801
TI  - Anti-epileptic effects of TRH-T and DN-1417.

PMID- 6434802
TI  - Effects of a TRH analog (DN-1417) and TRH-T on the electroconvulsive threshold.

PMID- 6434803
TI  - [BZE (Essen Education Center)--firm concept in the education policy area of
      nursing].

PMID- 6434804
TI  - [Essen Education Center of the German Nurses' Association exists 10 years].

PMID- 6434806
TI  - [Research--does it bring results?].

PMID- 6434805
TI  - [Nursing research and its effect in practice in relation to nursing].

PMID- 6434807
TI  - [Care planning and comprehensive nursing care in the everyday ward--nursing model
      ward and working with the nursing process].

PMID- 6434808
TI  - [Nursing administration--assumptions and expectations].

PMID- 6434809
TI  - [History of psychiatry. Relationship with mental patients--yesterday and today.
      3].

PMID- 6434810
TI  - [The status of nursing service administration in the Netherlands].

PMID- 6434811
TI  - [The status of nursing service administration--tasks and competencies in
      Switzerland].

PMID- 6434812
TI  - [Nursing education--current status and future goals].

PMID- 6434813
TI  - [Nursing report as final practical examination and comments on this].

PMID- 6434814
TI  - [The terminal on the ward].

PMID- 6434815
TI  - [Basics of ADP--an introduction for nursing personnel].

PMID- 6434816
TI  - [Can work facilitation in the nursing field be expected from improved information
      dissemination (ADP)].

PMID- 6434817
TI  - [Data processing as support in the nursing field].

PMID- 6434818
TI  - [Computers in nursing schools].

PMID- 6434820
TI  - [ADP in nursing--challenge or threat?].

PMID- 6434819
TI  - [Elementary Nursing Administration--a patient-oriented tool for nursing
      administration].

PMID- 6434821
TI  - [Structure and organization of the nursing service in the hospital].

PMID- 6434822
TI  - Comparison of tests for the diagnosis of spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in
      rabbits.
AB  - The effectiveness of immunofluorescence, complement fixation, microagglutination
      serologic tests, intradermal skin test, and detection of histologic lesions were
      compared for use in diagnosis of spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. The
      India ink and microbead agglutination reactions were compared with
      immunofluorescence and complement fixation by testing 11 single or pooled sera.
      Serologic tests correlated best with each other and less well with intradermal
      tests or presence of lesions. Immunofluorescence, India ink reaction and
      microbead agglutination were equally useful in detecting antibodies to
      Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The intradermal test correlated best with the presence
      of detectable lesions.

PMID- 6434823
TI  - In vivo studies on the metabolic derangement in a patient with D-glyceric
      acidaemia and hyperglycinaemia.
AB  - In a mentally retarded boy, who excreted elevated amounts of glycine, D-glyceric
      acid and acylglycines and whose cells exhibited diminished D-glycerate
      dehydrogenase and glycine cleavage activity, investigations have been undertaken
      aiming at characterizing the relationship between the different accumulations.
      This was done in vivo by trying in a specific manner to alter in turn the degree
      of accumulation of each of the three classes of compounds and then monitoring
      changes in the others. The results suggest, that the D-glyceric acid accumulation
      is directly caused by the genetic defect, since the D-glyceric acid excretion was
      not altered by changes in degree of accumulation of either glycine or
      acylglycines. Similarly alterations in acylglycine excretion caused alterations
      in glycine but not in D-glyceric acid excretion. Based on these findings a model
      for the pathogenesis behind the accumulations of acylglycines and glycine is
      proposed.

PMID- 6434824
TI  - Threonine dehydratase deficiency: a probable cause of non-ketotic
      hyperglycinaemia.
AB  - A patient with classical symptoms of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) is
      presented. Threonine dehydratase was undetectable in a liver autopsy specimen,
      which was obtained within 1 h of death and immediately frozen at -70 degrees C.
      Activities of four marker enzymes were normal. This represents the first
      documentation of an inborn error of threonine metabolism and a new explanation of
      NKH.

PMID- 6434825
TI  - Pink napkins--presenting feature in a case of alkaptonuria.

PMID- 6434826
TI  - A patient with alpha-ketoadipic and alpha-aminoadipic aciduria.

PMID- 6434827
TI  - A new patient with dicarboxylic aciduria suggestive of medium-chain Acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as Reye's syndrome.
AB  - A new patient with medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria and suberyl glycinuria
      during an attack of acute illness is reported. When, inadvertently he was given
      medium-chain triglycerides for 2 days, the excretion of abnormal metabolites of
      medium-chain fatty acids increased and hepatomegaly became more pronounced.
      During remission a low excretion of the metabolites were observed. After 16 h of
      fasting hypoglycaemia was accompanied by an increase of urinary dicarboxylic
      acids and psi-hydroxyacids similar to that found on admission. Interestingly this
      urinary organic acid pattern persisted 8 h after intravenous administration of
      glucose. In a blood sample obtained after 16 h of fasting there was
      hypoketonaemia and increased levels of total free fatty acids, octanoic, decanoic
      and cis-4-decenoic acids. These biochemical data suggest the existence of a
      deficiency at the level of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6434828
TI  - Treatment of the cbl B form of methylmalonic acidaemia with adenosylcobalamin.
AB  - A 30-month-old girl was found to have the cbl B mutant form of methylmalonic
      aciduria by complementation analysis of fibroblasts. She was unresponsive to
      hydroxycobalamin and was treated with intramuscular adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl),
      the deficient coenzyme, at a dose of 1 mg/24h during a period of clinical
      stability. Serum cobalamin increased from 770 to 54 200 pg/ml. Mean urinary
      methylmalonic acid excretion was 409 mg/24 h prior to therapy. There was a
      transient fall in methylmalonic acid excretion during the first 5 days of therapy
      (range 167-245 mg/24h) followed by a rise in excretion toward pretreatment levels
      (range 317-485 mg/24h) during the second week of AdoCbl treatment. There was no
      change in plasma ammonia, glycine or serum bicarbonate level. We interpret the
      failure of this child to have a sustained and clinically significant response to
      AdoCbl as indicating that AdoCbl did not reach or enter the mitochondria intact,
      or in some other way was unavailable as a coenzyme for the methylmalonyl CoA
      mutase apoenzyme.

PMID- 6434829
TI  - Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: non-response to oral tetrahydrobiopterin
      load test.
AB  - In a child with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency (McKusick 26163) none of
      four separate oral tetrahydrobiopterin loading tests resulted in a decrease of
      the serum phenylalanine concentration. This test cannot be recommended for
      screening hyperphenylalaninaemic patients for dihydropteridine reductase
      deficiency.

PMID- 6434830
TI  - Hyperammonaemia in a preterm infant with isovaleric acidaemia.

PMID- 6434831
TI  - Cholesterol sulphate in the microsomal sulphatase deficient placenta.
AB  - Placental sulphatase deficiency (PSD) and recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI)
      are known as a nosological entity, due to deficiency of the enzyme, steroid
      sulphatase. Prior studies have demonstrated high urinary excretion and some
      accumulation of sulphated steroids prenatally, and of accumulation of cholesterol
      sulphate postnatally. This study was undertaken to investigate the level of
      cholesterol sulphate in the sulphatase deficient placenta. Whereas cholesterol
      sulphate levels are elevated in blood, erythrocyte membrane and stratum corneum
      of patients with RXLI, cholesterol sulphate content of four investigated
      sulphatase deficient placentas was normal in comparison to six normal male
      controls and four male controls with low oestrogen excretion in the third
      trimester of pregnancy but with normal placental sulphatase activity. The
      explanation for normal cholesterol sulphate content of sulphatase deficient
      placentas is unknown but may be due to placental transport, rapid metabolism to
      other sulphated steroids or age-related differences in residual enzyme
      activities.

PMID- 6434832
TI  - Pregnancy in xanthinuria: demonstration of fetal uric acid production?
AB  - This paper reports biochemical studies in a pregnant xanthinuric female (McKusick
      27830) and compares the results with findings in three other xanthinurics studied
      by us, including a previously unreported female who had a nephrectomy for
      xanthine stones. The findings of raised levels of uric acid in plasma and urine
      at presentation in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the subsequent fall to
      almost undetectable levels 6 weeks post-partum, is regarded as evidence of the
      extent of fetal uric acid production and clearance by the maternal circulation.

PMID- 6434833
TI  - Beta-mannosidosis: prenatal biochemical and morphological characteristics.
AB  - Caprine beta-mannosidosis, an autosomal recessive disorder of glycoprotein
      catabolism, as yet undetected in man, was expressed in a 96/150 day gestation
      goat fetus. Deficiency of plasma, kidney, brain, liver and skin fibroblast acidic
      beta-mannosidase activity was associated with the accumulation of tissue
      oligosaccharides. Characteristic lucent cytoplasmic lysosomal storage vacuoles
      were present in the brain, thyroid, kidney and other tissues. Axonal spheroids
      were present in the central nervous system. The biochemical and morphological
      prenatal expressions of beta-mannosidosis which were documented by this
      investigation may facilitate the identification of the disease in man.

PMID- 6434834
TI  - Acute neonatal citrullinaemia.

PMID- 6434835
TI  - Paired comparisons between early treated PKU children and their matched sibling
      controls on intelligence and school achievement test results at eight years of
      age.
AB  - Early-treated PKU children were compared to their matched non-PKU sibling
      controls on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Wide Range
      Achievement Test (WRAT) results at age 8. Fifty-five PKU children had mean WISC
      Full Scale IQ score of 100, in comparison to a mean of 107 for their matched
      sibling controls (p = 0.001). Treatment parameters significantly correlated with
      sibling-PKU IQ score differences included maximum diagnostic phe level (r =
      0.244, p = 0.036) and phe levels at age 6 (r = 0.329, p = 0.007) and at age 8 (r
      = 0.489, p less than 0.0005). Fifty PKU subjects scored significantly lower than
      their matched sibling controls on standard scores of the WRAT Reading (102 vs.
      107, p = 0.016) and Arithmetic (96 vs, 101, p = 0.006) subtests, and lower, but
      not significantly so, in Spelling (100 vs. 103, p = 0.145). When the sample was
      grouped according to diet status at age 8, on-diet PKUs scored at or above the
      level achieved by their siblings on all three scales of the WISC and all three
      WRAT subtests, whereas the off-diet group scored from 7 to 13 points below their
      siblings on all measures. These results suggest that PKU children should restrict
      phe intake at least through their school years.

PMID- 6434836
TI  - Long term outcome of organic acidurias: survey of 105 French cases (1967-1983).
AB  - The French experience in the long term follow-up of 105 cases of organic aciduria
      (45 maple syrup urine disease, 12 isovaleric acidaemia, 19 propionic acidaemia,
      24 methylmalonic aciduria and some rare allied disorders) is reported. Main
      conclusions drawn from this survey are the poor overall prognosis and the slow
      improvement in the outcome of such disorders over the last 15 years. In MSUD,
      while early diagnosis and early management remain a basic requirement,
      intellectual development did not improve as much as expected. In propionic and
      methylmalonic acidaemia modern treatment does not prevent a fatal outcome in the
      classical neonatal forms. It should be also emphasized that in the rare cases
      where a coenzyme deficiency has been demonstrated, vitamin therapy is very often
      ineffective in vivo.

PMID- 6434837
TI  - The management and long term outcome of organic acidaemias.
AB  - We review the outcome of patients with maple syrup urine disease (14 classical
      patients and three variants), biotinidase deficiency (two patients) and non
      cofactor-responsive variants of methylmalonic acidaemia (eight patients),
      propionic acidaemia (eight patients) and isolated 3-methylcrotonyl CoA
      carboxylase deficiency (three patients). Their survival, growth, intellectual
      development and other clinical problems are analysed. With the exception of
      isolated 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency the outcome of patients with
      disorders that are not cofactor responsive is disappointing. Twelve patients have
      died (five maple syrup urine disease, two methylmalonic acidaemia, five propionic
      acidaemia) and many of the survivors are developmentally retarded. The outlook is
      worst for patients with propionic acidaemia presenting in the neonatal period but
      a good outcome is possible for patients with maple syrup urine disease if the
      diagnosis is made early.

PMID- 6434838
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of the organic acidurias.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis for the genetic counselling of families at risk for having
      children with the life-threatening organic acidurias is advancing rapidly. The
      two major approaches to prenatal diagnosis are the assay for deficient activity
      of the enzymes in cultured amniocytes and the measurement of increased
      concentrations of the organic acids in the amniotic fluid. The latter, when done
      by stable isotope dilution analysis, is rapid, relatively inexpensive and very
      reliable.

PMID- 6434839
TI  - Hudson memorial lecture. Neonatal management of organic acidurias. Clinical
      update.
AB  - Therapeutic guidelines have been obtained from a retrospective review of 41
      patients affected with organic acidaemias, 16 patients with neonatal maple syrup
      urine disease (MSUD), 11 methylmalonic acidaemia, (MMA) seven propionic
      acidaemias (PA) and seven isovaleric acidaemias (IVA), and by comparing this
      personal series with similar reported cases. The emergency treatment of these
      organic acidurias in the neonate has to main goals: toxin removal and anabolism.
      Anabolism is always promoted by early diet therapy. The best method of toxin
      removal depends on the nature of the defect; peritoneal dialysis with exchange
      transfusions or multiple or prolonged exchange transfusions in MSUD and in PA,
      diuresis and exchange transfusions in MMA and glycine supplementation in IVA.
      Vitamin supplementation (thiamine 20 mg, biotin 10 mg, B12 2 mg and riboflavin
      100 mg) should be tried in all cases although the neonatal forms of these defects
      are very rarely vitamin responsive. Additional treatments such as carnitine or
      insulin may prove to be useful.

PMID- 6434840
TI  - Symptoms and signs in organic acidurias.
AB  - Organic acidaemias can present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. A
      survey of the clinical presentation of the organic acidurias shows that single
      symptoms are not characteristic or diagnostic. Clinical awareness coupled with
      appropriate laboratory investigation is required for the correct diagnosis to be
      reached.

PMID- 6434841
TI  - Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: enzyme measurement and studies on
      alternative metabolism.
AB  - Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are defined as disorders of the
      metabolism of straight chain acyl-CoA esters at the level of short chain acyl
      CoA, general (medium chain) acyl-CoA and long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.
      Patients with proven or indicated defects in either general (medium chain) or
      long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase have been reported. In recent years assays for
      the enzymatic diagnosis in cells, especially cultured skin fibroblasts, from such
      patients have been developed. The different methods are reviewed. The urinary
      excretion profile of organic acids from patients with fatty acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase deficiencies are characterized by the presence of different
      compounds originating from the primary accumulated acyl-CoA ester(s). The most
      important biochemical processes involved in the formation of these compounds are
      glycine conjugation and omega/omega-1 oxidation. The biochemistry of these
      pathways is discussed and the knowledge gained from in vitro and in vivo studies
      is used to explain the excretion pattern in some of the patients with general
      (medium chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 6434842
TI  - Glutaric acidaemia type II (multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency).
AB  - The clinical and biochemical phenotype of glutaric acidaemia type II (GAII) has
      led to the suggestion that the defect in the disorder affects electron transfer
      from primary FAD-containing dehydrogenases into the respiratory chain. Two
      proteins are involved in this process, i.e. electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF)
      and ETF dehydrogenase, an iron--sulphur flavoprotein with a distinctive EPR
      signal. Reliable catalytic assays for these proteins are not available, but both
      proteins have been purified and antisera against them prepared in rabbits. SDS
      PAG electrophoresis of liver mitochondrial membranes from a GAII infant with
      congenital anomalies, locating ETF dehydrogenase with specific antiserum, showed
      no cross-reactive material. EPR of the same membranes showed a marked decrease in
      the ETF dehydrogenase signal. These results suggest that the defect in GAII in
      some patients is indeed in electron transport, and specifically in ETF
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6434844
TI  - Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC--MS) diagnosis of two cases of medium
      chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - Two patients with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and dicarboxylic aciduria are
      described. Studies of their urinary organic acids by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS) showed an excretion of dicarboxylic acids (adipic suberic
      and sebacic acids), unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (cis-octenedioic and
      decenedioic acids),5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, hexanoyl-glycine and suberylglycine.
      Deficiency of the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in fibroblasts was
      documented for both children. Despite a similar presentation (hypoglycaemic
      coma), organic acid profile (dicarboxylic aciduria and suberylglycine excretion)
      and enzyme deficiency (MCAD), they did not respond similarly to glucose infusion.

PMID- 6434843
TI  - Carnitine metabolism and inborn errors.
AB  - Current knowledge of the metabolic role, biosynthesis, cellular uptake, excretion
      and turnover of carnitine is reviewed. The clinical spectrum and possible
      aetiology of the primary muscle and primary systemic carnitine deficiency
      syndromes are considered and the various genetic defects of intermediary
      metabolism which can give rise to secondary carnitine deficiency are indicated.

PMID- 6434845
TI  - The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria.
AB  - Various types of dicarboxylic aciduria are known, most of them are accompanied by
      non-ketotic hypoglycaemia. For the differential diagnosis of these conditions
      several methods of investigation have been used: (1) analysis of urinary organic
      acids in both native and hydrolysed samples, (2) analysis of free and esterified
      carnitine, the latter by means of chromatographic separation and identification
      of acyl moieties, (3) analysis of plasma organic acids, including the so-called
      free fatty acids, (4) a prolonged fasting test with serial measurements of the
      aforementioned parameters and close monitoring of the blood glucose and (5) an
      oral loading test with medium chain triglycerides accompanied by the same
      measurements as those named in item (4). So far differentiation has been made
      between patients with a metabolite profile most probably characteristic of medium
      chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and other dicarboxylic acidurias, among
      the latter systemic carnitine deficiency. Patients belonging to the first group
      accumulate octanoate, decanoate and cis-4-decenoate in their plasma; they excrete
      hexanoylglycine, octanoylcarnitine and suberylglycine in addition to the usual C6
      C10 dicarboxylic acids. There was a high prevalence of an increased plasma free
      fatty acid/3-hydroxybutyrate ratio.

PMID- 6434846
TI  - Animal models for dicarboxylic aciduria.
AB  - Four compounds, 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl] oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA), pent-4
      enoate, hypoglycin and valproate, which are hypoglycaemic in fasted animals and
      form unusual acyl-CoA esters in vivo, inhibit mitochondrial beta-oxidation by
      different mechanisms. POCA, hypoglycin and valproate are known to cause
      dicarboxylic aciduria. Saturated dicarboxylic acids are thought to be derived
      from long chain fatty acids by peroxisomal beta-oxidation when mitochondrial beta
      oxidation is severely impaired. The use of these inhibitors provides animal
      models of dicarboxylic aciduria found in some inborn errors of metabolism.

PMID- 6434847
TI  - Mitochondrial myopathies: disorders of the respiratory chain and oxidative
      phosphorylation.
AB  - Mitochondrial myopathies are a clinical condition characterized by muscle
      weakness and fatigue in which the primary defect is localized at the level of the
      mitochondria. Microscopic examination shows accumulations of mitochondria at the
      fibre periphery (ragged red fibres) and in some cases mitochondrial
      paracrystalline inclusions. The spectrum of different mitochondrial defects so
      far described is reviewed and data from cases investigated in this laboratory are
      described. The first case was a 17-year-old boy with a multisystem disorder whose
      muscle mitochondria showed low respiratory activity with all substrates, which
      doubled in the presence of uncoupler. Further investigation showed that the
      mitochondrial ATPase activity was only 6% of normal. The next cases were a mother
      and daughter who showed a typical lipid storage myopathy. The latter was treated
      successfully with oral carnitine but the myopathy persisted. Mitochondrial
      investigations indicated a low respiratory activity with NAD-linked substrates
      but normal activity with succinate and ascorbate + TMPD. A defect in the NADH-CoQ
      reductase section of the respiratory chain was pinpointed possibly at an iron
      sulphur centre. The fourth and fifth cases were two sisters who exhibited no
      lipid storage myopathy but whose mitochondrial activity was low with NAD-linked
      substrates but normal with succinate. Again a defect in the NADH-CoQ reductase
      (complex I) of the respiratory chain was determined. They were also investigated
      using 31P-NMR. It was found after exercise that their muscle creatine phosphate
      levels took seven times longer to return to pre-exercise concentrations than
      control subjects. These results are discussed with respect to the synthesis of
      mitochondrial proteins and the influence that both the mitochondrial and nuclear
      DNA have on this process.

PMID- 6434848
TI  - Lactic acidaemia.
AB  - Congenital childhood lactic acidaemia is a poorly understood group of genetic
      diseases. The most common underlying inherited defect encountered in this group
      is deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Of 23 cases we have
      diagnosed, 18 have a deficiency in the first component of the complex, the E1
      decarboxylase, while the other five have multiple alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase
      deficiency due to a defect in lipoamide dehydrogenase. In addition to the lactic
      acidosis associated with pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency, ten of the cases
      showed evidence of facial dysmorphism consisting of a narrow head, wide nasal
      bridge and flared nostrils or gross microcephaly. Two further patients had
      agenesis of the corpus callosum. Isolated pyruvate carboxylase deficiency was
      found to present in two different forms, one with lactic acidaemia and mental
      retardation, the other with lactic acidaemia, hyperammonaemia citrullinaemia and
      hyperlysinaemia. The former presentation we have shown to be associated with the
      presence of a biotinylated pyruvate carboxylase protein of the correct subunit
      molecular weight (125 kd) which has no catalytic activity (CRM + ve). The latter
      we have shown to be associated with the absence of any recognizable pyruvate
      carboxylase protein (CRM - ve).

PMID- 6434849
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.
AB  - The causes of congenital lactic acidaemia are outlined. Isolated pyruvate
      carboxylase deficiency is reviewed in detail with a report of a recent case and a
      discussion of the biochemical consequences. Other causes of defective pyruvate
      carboxylation are described, particularly the combined carboxylase defects.

PMID- 6434850
TI  - Organic acids in urine of patients with congenital lactic acidoses: an aid to
      differential diagnosis.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of patients with apparent congenital lactic acidoses
      poses one of the most intractable problems in the study of patients with
      disorders of organic acid metabolism. An outline of the factors leading to a
      lactic acidosis, particularly in infants and young children, together with a
      brief review of the known causes of congenital lactic acidosis, are presented.
      Quantitative examination of the organic acids excreted by patients with proven
      enzyme deficiencies causing congenital lactic acidosis has demonstrated the
      characteristic patterns that are associated with specific disorders of this kind.
      After exclusion of uninherited, acquired and secondary metabolic causes of lactic
      acidosis, the quantitative patterns of organic acid excretion, together with
      other clinical and biochemical observations, provide valuable indicators of the
      area of the underlying primary metabolic disorder for subsequent selected,
      confirmatory, enzymology. The study of organic acids has a key and central role
      in the approach to the clinical and biochemical investigation and diagnosis of
      patients with congenital lactic acidoses.

PMID- 6434851
TI  - 4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria: a new inborn error of metabolism. I. Clinical review.

PMID- 6434852
TI  - 4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria: a new inborn error of metabolism. II. Biochemical
      findings.

PMID- 6434854
TI  - Glutaric aciduria type II: multiple defects in isolated muscle mitochondria and
      deficient beta-oxidation in fibroblasts.

PMID- 6434853
TI  - 4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria: a new inborn error of metabolism. III. Enzymology and
      inheritance.

PMID- 6434855
TI  - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity determined with intact electron-transport
      chain: application to glutaric aciduria type II.

PMID- 6434856
TI  - Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: apparent Km and Vmax values for
      fibroblast acyl-CoA dehydrogenase towards octanoyl CoA in patient and control
      cell lines.

PMID- 6434857
TI  - An evaluation of urine lactate for detection of inborn errors of metabolism.

PMID- 6434858
TI  - Metabolic acidosis versus a compensation of respiratory alkalosis in four
      children with Leigh's disease.

PMID- 6434859
TI  - Chemical diagnosis of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 6434860
TI  - Different organic acid patterns in urine and in cerebrospinal fluid in a patient
      with biotinidase deficiency.

PMID- 6434861
TI  - Biotinidase deficiency: the possible role of biotinidase in the processing of
      dietary protein-bound biotin.

PMID- 6434863
TI  - Organic acids in urine: sample preparation for GC/MS.

PMID- 6434862
TI  - Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD): deficient biotinidase
      activity associated with renal loss of biotin.

PMID- 6434864
TI  - Experience with prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic
      aciduria.

PMID- 6434865
TI  - Methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria.

PMID- 6434866
TI  - Two cases of beta-ketothiolase deficiency: a comparison.

PMID- 6434867
TI  - L-Glyceric aciduria (primary hyperoxaluria type 2) in siblings in two unrelated
      families.

PMID- 6434868
TI  - The antenatal diagnosis and aid to the management of hereditary tyrosinaemia by
      use of a specific and sensitive GC-MS assay for succinylacetone.

PMID- 6434869
TI  - The enzyme defects in hereditary tyrosinaemia type I.

PMID- 6434870
TI  - The possibility for prenatal diagnosis of PKU by linkage analyses based on
      phenylalanine hydroxylase locus specific DNA-polymorphisms.

PMID- 6434871
TI  - Complementation between arginiosuccinate synthetase-deficient and
      argininosuccinate lyase-deficient fibroblasts depends on intercellular
      communication.

PMID- 6434872
TI  - Molecular lesion of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.

PMID- 6434873
TI  - Prolidase deficiency: detection of cases by a newborn urinary screening
      programme.

PMID- 6434874
TI  - The lactate concentration of the urine, a parameter for the adequacy of dietary
      treatment of patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency.

PMID- 6434875
TI  - Sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency in a family with congenital cataracts.

PMID- 6434876
TI  - Acid esterase deficiency: comparison of biochemical findings in infantile and
      adult forms.

PMID- 6434877
TI  - Steroid sulphatase deficiency. Steroid sulphatase and arylsulphatase C
      determination in normal and affected fibroblasts.

PMID- 6434878
TI  - Steroid sulphatase deficiency is present in patients with the syndrome
      'ichthyosis and male hypogonadism' and with 'Rud syndrome'.

PMID- 6434879
TI  - Electron-transferring flavoprotein deficiency in the multiple acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation disorders, glutaric aciduria type II and ethylmalonic--adipic
      aciduria.

PMID- 6434880
TI  - Sequential studies of glomerular crescent formation in rats with antiglomerular
      basement membrane-induced glomerulonephritis and the role of coagulation factors.
AB  - Injection of presensitized rats with goat antiserum to rat glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM) results in a crescentic glomerulonephritis with typical linear
      deposition of goat IgG and host IgG and C3 along the GBM. Sequential renal
      biopsies from rats with this model of anti-GBM nephritis were studied by light,
      electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the mechanisms of
      crescent formation. The localization of fibrin-related antigens (FRA) and factor
      VIII-related antigens (VIIIAGN) at different stages of disease was specifically
      studied since earlier studies of human glomerulonephritis had shown deposits of
      FRA without VIIIAGN in crescents and suggested that either a thrombin-independent
      mechanism might cause fibrin deposition or, alternatively, that glomerular
      fibrinolysis was relatively deficient within Bowman's space. Separation of the
      endothelium from the GBM or glomerular endothelial loss was the first change
      noted, a lesion that promotes intracapillary FRA deposition. Subsequently,
      intracapillary hypercellularity and GBM damage became progressively more severe.
      During the second and third weeks, coincident with early crescent formation,
      increasing amounts of FRA were noted within Bowman's space; FRA in crescents
      persisted throughout the study, whereas FRA within the glomerular tuft decreased
      over time. In early lesions, granular deposits of IgM and factor VIIIAGN were
      found diffusely within crescents. However, at later times, extracapillary
      deposits of these proteins and IgG were limited to the periphery of crescents
      within the markedly thickened and altered Bowman's capsule. Persistence of IgM
      and factor VIIIAGN at the periphery of older crescents appears to result from
      entrapment in areas less subject to cellular degradation and transport.
      Preferential clearance of FRA from the glomerular tuft suggests that fibrinolysis
      is less effective in Bowman's space than clearance mechanisms within glomerular
      capillaries.

PMID- 6434881
TI  - DRG's, post-graduate education, and the teaching hospital.

PMID- 6434882
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis: a review of animal models.

PMID- 6434883
TI  - Treatment of superficial bladder tumors in a controlled trial with thio-TEPA
      versus adriamycin.
AB  - Forty-six patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
      were randomized into two groups. Thio-TEPA or adriamycin were instilled
      periodically into the bladder and cystoscopic follow up was carried out. Both
      thio-TEPA and adriamycin proved to have similar efficacy in delaying tumor
      recurrence. Further investigations to establish better dose and interval
      schedules are indicated.

PMID- 6434884
TI  - Developmental time and adult longevity in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster
      in a constant low-stress environment.
AB  - This study examines the life spans of wild type flies (Sevelen strain, n = 2991)
      and post-replication DNA repair-deficient flies (mei-41D5, n = 1607) as members
      of age-synchronized birth cohorts and as members of full sibships. Flies were
      individually housed from the time they were laid as eggs until they died as
      imagoes; environmental conditions were constant throughout the life span of these
      virgins. In this minimal stress experiment, developmental time and imaginal
      longevity were negligibly correlated (r = -0.09 to -0.25), even though
      developmental time was canalized at different levels in both strains. Previous
      research involving environmental perturbations during the life span of Drosophila
      (e.g. temperature, diet, population density) has demonstrated significant strong
      correlations, mostly positive, between developmental time and adult longevity. We
      have demonstrated that the duration of development and aging are not coupled in
      the absence of such stresses. We therefore suggest that related changes in the
      duration of the pre-imaginal and the adult stages of the lifecycle of Drosophila
      may have evolved through adaptation to environmental stresses.

PMID- 6434885
TI  - Age-related changes of serum apoprotein SASSAM, apoprotein A-I and low-density
      lipoprotein levels in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM).
AB  - Age-related changes of serum concentration of apo SASSAM, an apoprotein of high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) which cross-reacts with antiserum against murine senile
      amyloid fibril protein (ASSAM) were estimated in senescence accelerated mouse
      (SAM-P) and in senescence resistant series (SAM-R), as a control, using a single
      radial immunodiffusion technique. Serum concentrations of apo A-I, a major
      apoprotein of HDL, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were also measured. In SAM-P
      (SAM-P/1 and SAM-P/2) with a high incidence of senile systemic amyloidosis, we
      observed age-associated decreases in serum apo SASSAM levels. The concentrations
      of apo SASSAM at 16 months of age were below 40% of the concentration at 2 months
      of age, regardless of the sex. In contrast with SAM-P, we observed no age
      associated decrease of serum apo SASSAM levels in SAM-R (SAM-R/1 and SAM-R/2)
      with a low incidence of amyloidosis. Serum apo SASSAM concentration was higher in
      SAM-R/1 than in any other strain of mice observed. Serum apo A-I concentration
      was highly and significantly correlated with the serum concentration of apo
      SASSAM and decreased with advancing age in SAM-P but not in SAM-R. Age-related
      changes of LDL were not observed in any strain, but the concentration was lower
      in the females. In old SAM-P (16 months' old), the concentration of apo SASSAM
      decreased to one-third of that in the young SAM-P (4 months' old) and the serum
      concentrations of albumin and total protein did not decrease, compared with those
      in the young mice. All these findings taken together suggest that abnormality of
      metabolism in apo SASSAM, putative precursor of ASSAM, might occur in SAM-P.

PMID- 6434886
TI  - Design of a control system for maintaining a normal arterial pCO2 by artificial
      respiration.

PMID- 6434887
TI  - [Factor VIII R-Ag and factor VIII Co in diabetes mellitus: correlation between
      hormonal pattern and type of retinopathy].

PMID- 6434888
TI  - [Gamma globulin in Kawasaki's disease--a new possible therapeutic method].

PMID- 6434889
TI  - Polyamines in brain and heart of the neonatal rat: effects of inhibitors of
      ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase.
AB  - Daily administration of dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), an inhibitor of spermidine
      synthase, to neonatal rats produced a dose-dependent depletion of brain
      spermidine, accompanied by a rise in putrescine and spermine. Despite continued
      DCHA treatment, levels of all three polyamines returned toward normal within two
      weeks. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase, had a much more profound and persistent effect on spermidine and
      also depleted putrescine throughout drug administration; furthermore, DFMO
      prevented both the elevation of putrescine caused by DCHA and the eventual
      restitution of spermidine levels. Although a similar pattern of effects was seen
      in the heart, the time course of onset of DCHA-induced alterations in polyamine
      levels and the rapidity of subsequent adaptation were considerably different from
      those in brain. The net activity of DCHA toward polyamines in developing tissues
      thus involves the direct actions of the drug on spermidine synthesis in
      combination with compensatory metabolic adjustments made by each tissue to
      polyamine depletion.

PMID- 6434890
TI  - CGS 8216, Ro 15-1788 and methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate, but not EMD 41717
      antagonize the muscle relaxant effect of diazepam in genetically spastic rats.
AB  - Diazepam (0.4-4 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the spontaneous tonic activity in the
      electromyogram (EMG) recorded from the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle of spastic
      mutant Han-Wistar rats in a dose-dependent manner. The muscle relaxant effect of
      diazepam was antagonized by the benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 (5 mg/kg
      i.p.), beta-CCM (2 mg/kg i.p.) and CGS 8216 (5 mg/kg i.p.), but not by EMD 41717
      (50 mg/kg i.p.). These results add further support to the hypothesis that Ro 15
      1788, CGS 8216 and beta-CCM do antagonize all pharmacological effects of
      benzodiazepines while EMD 41717 displays more selectivity in antagonizing the
      different actions of benzodiazepines.

PMID- 6434891
TI  - Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats.
AB  - The intraperitoneal administration to rats of 500 mg/kg body weight of 2-deoxy-D
      glucose, an analog of glucose which produces intracellular glucopenia with rise
      in extracellular fluid glucose concentration, is followed by a significant though
      transient reduction of hypothalamic TRH content, observed at 15 and 25 minutes
      after drug administration. A subsequent increase in serum thyrotropin followed by
      that of triiodothyronine concentration was also observed. These findings indicate
      that the neuroglucopenia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose may play a role in the
      regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

PMID- 6434892
TI  - The amino terminal acetylation of cat globin chains and their tryptic peptides.
AB  - Cat blood contains two major hemoglobins, HbA and HbB, both of which are
      synthesized within the same red cell. They contain identical alpha chains but
      different beta chains. HbB is somewhat unusual in that it contains beta chains
      that are modified by N alpha-acetylation. Although the selective amino terminal
      acetylation of the beta chain of cat HbB occurs during nascent peptide chain
      growth, it can also occur after completion of globin chain synthesis and its
      assembly into hemoglobin. However, the latter process is not as efficient as the
      former, and it occurs non-enzymatically. Two peptides in a mixture of tryptic
      peptides from cat HbA and non-acetylated cat HbB contain serine at their amino
      terminus. One is the octapeptide, non-acetylated B- beta T-1, and the other is
      the tetrapeptide, alpha T-2, derived from both HbA and HbB. We provide evidence
      here that in a mixture of soluble tryptic peptides, acetylation of alpha T-2
      takes place in the presence of acetyl-CoA and ribosomal acetyltransferase at pH
      7.0. The amino terminal acetylation requires the presence of an
      acetyltransferase.

PMID- 6434893
TI  - Protective actions of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in arachidonate
      induced sudden death.
AB  - A new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg
      prevented mortality induced by sodium arachidonate in 100% of the rabbits
      studied. Sodium arachidonate at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg uniformly decreased mean
      arterial blood pressure to values approximately 0 mm Hg, stopped respiration and
      produced sudden death within 3-5 minutes in all rabbits studied. OKY-046
      prevented all these sequelae of the sodium arachidonate. Untreated rabbits
      challenged with sodium arachidonate develop large increases in circulating
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto PGF1 alpha of about 12- to 18-fold. In contrast,
      OKY-046 prevented the increase in TxB2 concentrations and the pulmonary
      thrombosis, but did not block the rise in 6-keto PGF1 alpha following
      arachidonate injection. These results suggest that the protective mechanism of
      OKY-046 in arachidonate induced sudden death is via selective inhibition of
      thromboxane synthesis.

PMID- 6434894
TI  - Effects of amiloride on calcium uptake by myocytes isolated from adult rat
      hearts.
AB  - Amiloride at high concentrations inhibits the uptake of Ca by rat heart myocytes
      containing elevated levels of intracellular Na and retards the development of Ca
      dependent hypercontracture in these cells. In contrast, amiloride enhances the
      net uptake of Ca in Ca-tolerant myocytes containing normal levels of Na. The
      results suggest that amiloride may inhibit Na-Ca exchange across the sarcolemma
      of cardiac myocytes.

PMID- 6434895
TI  - [Radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy of neglected forms of malignant oropharyngeal
      tumors].
AB  - Open-field gamma-beam therapy using grid filters was used for 53 patients with
      Stage III-III stomatopharyngeal tumors. Besides, to compare therapeutic efficacy
      the 2nd group was taken (52 persons with Stage III-IV) where chemotherapy was
      used simultaneously. Single and summary radiation doses did not lower. A
      chemotherapeutic agent dose was equal to 1/2 up to 2/3 of the standard one.
      Powerful substitution and hemostimulation therapy and a great variety of drugs
      were employed not to induce deep changes of hemopoiesis and immunosuppression. A
      single focal dose in gamma-beam therapy varied from 1.6 to 2.5 Gy, the summary
      dose from 55 to 70 Gy depending on the stage of disease and the histological
      structure of a tumor. The prescription of one or another chemotherapeutic agent
      was mainly determined by the morphological structure of a tumor.

PMID- 6434896
TI  - [Means of improving the management of scientific and technical progress in the
      medical industry].

PMID- 6434897
TI  - Protein metabolism during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in injured rats using
      medium-chain triglycerides.
AB  - There are metabolic limitations to the infusion of large quantities of dextrose
      in critically ill patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Of the
      alternative, nonprotein lipid sources, medium chain triglycerides (carbon chain
      length 8 and 10) are more rapidly oxidized and are deposited in the adipose
      tissue at rates much less than long chain triglycerides. In rats with burn injury
      receiving hypocaloric (dextrose and amino acids) parenteral feeding, we studied
      the changes in protein metabolism as a result of increasing the caloric intake by
      33% by the addition of either dextrose, a soybean oil emulsion, a medium chain
      triglyceride emulsion, or a structured lipid emulsion of triglycerides
      synthesized from safflower oil (40%) and medium chain triglycerides (60%).
      Changes in body weight, blood glucose concentration, beta-hydroxybutyrate,
      lactate, amino acids, insulin, albumin, liver protein content, and nitrogen
      balance were measured during three days of feeding. Whole body leucine kinetics
      and muscle protein fractional synthetic rate were evaluated using a constant
      intravenous infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine. The addition of dextrose or soybean oil
      emulsion produced a significant increase in body weight and liver nitrogen but
      did not change albumin concentrations or leucine kinetics compared to those of
      the hypocaloric feeding group. Rats receiving medium chain triglycerides and
      structured lipid emulsions showed a reduction in branched chain amino acid
      concentrations and an improvement in serum albumin levels. However, the rats
      receiving the structured lipid emulsion also showed increased body weight, had a
      significant decrease in leucine oxidation, and showed a three day cumulative
      nitrogen balance significantly greater than zero.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6434898
TI  - Structured medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride emulsions are superior to
      physical mixtures in sparing body protein in the burned rat.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of a physical
      mixture of long-chain and medium-chain triglycerides with an emulsion consisting
      of chemically synthesized triglycerides composed of medium-chain and long-chain
      fatty acids in similar proportions. Sprague-Dawley rats received a 25% body
      surface area full-thickness scald burn on the dorsum. For the next three days,
      all rats received 300 kcal/kg/day as 160 kcal/kg/day glucose, 50 kcal/kg/day
      amino acid, and an additional 90 kcal/kg/day lipid emulsion as either long-chain
      triglyceride, medium-chain triglyceride, a 1:1 physical mix of medium-chain and
      long-chain triglycerides or a chemically structured triglyceride made up of 60%
      medium-chain fatty acid and a 40% safflower oil. Rats receiving the chemically
      structured lipid emulsion showed the greatest gain in body weight, the greatest
      positive nitrogen balance, and the highest serum albumin concentration,
      outstripping rats receiving the long-chain triglyceride, medium-chain
      triglyceride, and even the physical mixture long-chain and medium-chain
      triglycerides (P less than 0.01). A 30% increase in oxygen consumption and 35%
      increase in energy expenditure in rats given the medium-chain triglyceride
      emulsion alone (P less than 0.01) was observed. This study confirms that the
      metabolism of chemically structured triglycerides composed of medium-chain and
      long-chain fatty acids markedly differs from similar physical mixtures. For these
      reasons, the new structured lipid emulsions may prove advantageous in feeding the
      severely injured patient.

PMID- 6434900
TI  - Fine cytogenetical analysis of the band 10A1-2 and the adjoining regions in the
      Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome. III. The fate mapping of the lethal focus
      of the l(1)BP4 gene.
AB  - Focuses of the l(1)BP4, vermilion and sevenless genes located in the same band
      10A1-2 of Drosophila melanogaster X-chromosome, have been compared. For this
      purpose first the fate map of the blastoderm for 60 pairs of adult cuticular
      landmarks has been built based on scoring 612 gynandromorphs. The location of the
      legs and antenna primordia has been defined more exactly as compared to analogous
      maps by other authors. The location of new landmarks has been carried out:
      mesosternal bristle, sex-comb and first tergite primordia. The focus of the
      l(1)BP4 gene has been determined with the help of this map on the basis of
      analysis of 321 mosaics. The data obtained show that the lethal focus of the gene
      belongs to the "bilateral domineering" type and is located in the blastula area
      giving rise to the nervous system, behind the region of the third thoracic
      ganglia origin. Beside, there is a pair of autonomous nonlethal focuses of the
      same gene limited by the wings' zone. The focuses of the l(1)BP4 gene do not
      coincide with the known focuses of vermilion and sevenless genes, which means
      that all three genes are active in different tissues.

PMID- 6434899
TI  - Role of arachidonate lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products in insulin and
      glucagon secretion from rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - Rat pancreatic islets incubated in nutrient medium were used to study the role of
      endogenous arachidonic acid metabolism in pancreatic hormone secretion. Both
      glucose and fetal calf serum stimulated radioimmunoassayable PGE2 production and
      insulin secretion from islets. These effects were abolished by the phospholipase
      inhibitor p-bromophenacyl bromide or by concurrent inhibition of cyclooxygenase
      and lipoxygenase by flurbiprofen plus nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA),
      respectively. Bromophenacyl bromide also inhibited glucagon secretion. When used
      alone, flurbiprofen caused a significant enhancement of glucose-induced insulin
      secretion that was attributed to reactive stimulation of lipoxygenase-product
      formation rather than to selective cyclooxygenase inhibition. NDGA given alone in
      the presence of stimulatory concentrations of glucose suppressed the normal eight
      fold rise in insulin secretion, but caused a marked enhancement in glucagon
      secretion that could be overcome by simultaneous inclusion of flurbiprofen. We
      concluded that: (1) Increased metabolism of arachidonic acid in pancreatic islets
      amplifies the secretion of insulin and glucagon. (2) The lipoxygenase as well as
      the cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism participate in the
      amplification of insulin secretion. (3) The observations made in this study are
      inconclusive with respect to the involvement of the lipoxygenase and
      cyclooxygenase pathways in glucagon secretion; an inhibitory role for
      lipoxygenase pathway products is suggested.

PMID- 6434901
TI  - Molecular cloning of genes involved in purine biosynthetic and salvage pathways
      of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Genes have been cloned from Salmonella typhimurium which when present on the
      multicopy plasmid pBR322 in the E. coli strain NT31 confer a Gua+ phenotype on
      this strain. NT31 is a purE gpt double mutant and it was expected that a Gua+
      phenotype could be conferred on it by the cloning of either gpt or purE. It was,
      however found that in addition to these two loci the molecular cloning of another
      gene, which has been identified as hpt, in pBR322 confers a Gua+ phenotype on
      NT31. This result is explained by the overproduction of the hpt gene product,
      hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase, which compensates for the lack of the
      gpt product guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. Restriction analysis of
      the three loci, gpt, hpt and purE is also presented.

PMID- 6434902
TI  - Genetic and biochemical characterization of the aerobactin synthesis operon on
      pColV.
AB  - Certain ColV plasmids of Escherichia coli contain genes that specify functions
      for the acquisition of iron(III) via aerobactin. The locus for aerobactin
      synthesis of pColV-K311 was cloned into pBR322. Mutagenesis with the transposon
      Tn1000, and the generation of deletions with restriction enzymes resulted in
      multicopy plasmids which complemented pColV mutants impaired in various steps of
      aerobactin synthesis. The insertion and deletion mutants were mapped and assigned
      to three loci termed aerA, aerB, and aerC. It is proposed that these genes
      mediate the synthesis of aerobactin by specifying functions for hydroxylation
      (aerA), acetylation of the 6-amino group of 6-hydroxylysine (aerB), and the
      coupling of N-acetyl-N-hydroxy-lysine with citrate (aerC). The order and
      transcription polarity of the structural genes was found to be aerB, aerC, aerA.

PMID- 6434903
TI  - On the aggregation of cells during growth and its effect on the isolation of
      auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus brevis ATCC 10068.
AB  - We have shown that penicillin effects a five log10 kill of a growing culture of a
      prototrophic strain of Bacillus brevis ATCC 10068 and less than a one log10 kill
      of an auxotrophic mutant incubated in the absence of the auxotrophic requirement.
      In spite of this, when a mixed culture of auxotrophic and prototrophic strains
      were incubated with penicillin under conditions conducive for selection of
      auxotrophic strains, such strains were not recovered. During growth in both AGM
      and PY media, the majority of B. brevis cells exist in clumps. Although there is
      no obvious correlation between the numbers of cells in clumps and the stage of
      growth with either of the growth media used, bigger clumps consisting of hundreds
      of single cells were observed in the AGM medium. In experiments with a mixed
      population of auxotrophic mutants previously derived from the B. brevis ATCC
      10068 it was demonstrated that the aggregation of the cells occurred in either
      the presence or the absence of their growth requirements. The importance of this
      phenomenon in the aggregation of cells is discussed in relation to the isolation
      of auxotrophic mutants of B. brevis ATCC 10068.

PMID- 6434904
TI  - Role of biotin in the production of lysine by Brevibacterium lactofermentum.
AB  - To investigate the role of biotin in lysine production, Brevibacterium
      lactofermentum ATCC 21086 was grown in an acid-hydrolysed whey permeate medium
      with and without added biotin. Added biotin stimulated lysine production and
      growth of B. lactofermentum. Five micrograms of biotin/100 ml was the optimum
      level of addition. Biotin increased the uptake of 14C-glucose and affected fatty
      acid composition of cell wall lipids. Cell walls of test organisms contained less
      16:0 and more 18:2 fatty acids than did those from control cells. However, biotin
      did not substantially affect the phospholipid content of cell walls and whole
      cells, and the intracellular free lysine level. It was concluded that the
      promotive effect of biotin in lysine production might be due to the stimulatory
      effect of biotin on the growth of B. lactofermentum. Alteration of the cell
      surface caused by biotin did not appear to affect the release or accumulation of
      lysine.

PMID- 6434905
TI  - Hydrogen ion regulation during hypothermia--hibernators versus ectotherms.

PMID- 6434906
TI  - Moderate hypothermia during carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The present investigation reports 6 cases undergoing carotid endarterectomy, who
      were operated under moderate hypothermia (28.5-31.5 degrees C) without the use of
      a shunt; no neurological sequelae were observed post operatively. Moderate
      hypothermia is recommended as one of the techniques for brain protection in
      patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6434907
TI  - Respiratory failure in the newborn infant.

PMID- 6434908
TI  - Biological and biochemical characterization of macrophage activating factor (MAF)
      in murine lymphocytes: physiocochemical similarity of MAF to gamma interferon
      (IFN-gamma).
AB  - During the course of an investigation designed to separate macrophage activating
      factor (MAF) activity from interferon (IFN) antiviral activity in the lymphokine
      rich fraction (LKF) produced by stimulation of murine splenic cells with
      concanavalin A (Con A), we found molecular evidence for the similarity of the two
      activities. MAF activity was expressed as the rate of inhibition of intracellular
      growth of Salmonella typhimurium in macrophages based on the linear correlation
      between relative MAF activity and LKF concentration. The antiviral substance in
      LKF was identified as IFN-gamma based on the observation that its activity was
      inactivated at pH 2 and neutralized with anti-mouse IFN-gamma serum but not with
      anti-mouse IFN-alpha/beta serum. MAF and IFN antiviral activities displayed
      identical sensitivity to pH 2 and temperature. Further, neither activity was
      affected by beta-mercaptoethanol, but both were inactivated by guanidine
      hydrochloride and by sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that the structures
      related to conformation of the protein of the two molecules may be similar. In
      affinity chromatography of the LKF on a Con A-Sepharose column, MAF and IFN
      activities were found in both the nonadsorbing (F I) and adsorbing (F II)
      fractions. However, the rates of F II of MAF and IFN activities increased
      proportionally when the sample was applied on a column of higher capacity,
      suggesting that the molecular structure of the mannose-containing glycosyl moiety
      of the two molecules may also be similar. Moreover, the intact or modified form
      of MAF and IFN activities of different LKF preparations showed a strong
      correlation, indicating that the production and denaturation of MAF activity were
      proportional to those of IFN antiviral activity. The results of this study
      provide strong evidence that MAF and IFN antiviral activities may reside in
      virtually the same molecular species.

PMID- 6434909
TI  - [Comparative study of the plasmids controlling naphthalene biodegradation by a
      Pseudomonas culture].
AB  - The object of this work was to study 25 Pseudomonas strains growing in a medium
      with naphthalene as a sole carbon source. Naphthalene catabolism was controlled
      by conjugative plasmids in 14 strains. The molecular mass of the plasmids was
      rather big, from 60 to 130 MD. The plasmids were classified in terms of their
      incompatibility group were assigned to the P-7 and P-9 groups five to each group.
      The incompatibility group could not be determined in four plasmids. The character
      of naphthalene catabolism controlled by the plasmids implies that only two of the
      plasmids control naphthalene oxidation via the "ortho" pathway of catechol
      cleavage which is an intermediate product in the oxidation of naphthalene. Just
      as most of the so far known plasmids controlling naphthalene biodegradation,
      seven of the plasmids studied in this work controlled naphthalene oxidation via
      the "meta" pathway of catechol cleavage.

PMID- 6434910
TI  - Allergies, mediators and asthma.
AB  - Asthma is a term that has been used for centuries to describe states of
      breathlessness associated with wheezing. However, there are well-known
      difficulties in defining asthma, as it encompasses such a broad clinical spectrum
      ranging from mild, rapidly reversible, bronchospasm to severe, intractable,
      chronic airflow obstruction. Moreover, reversibility of airflow obstruction, a
      cardinal feature used to identify asthma, may be demonstrated only with
      difficulty in certain cases, such as severe, acute asthma attacks, which
      necessitate several days of treatment before any reversibility can be achieved.

PMID- 6434911
TI  - Methods of introducing nasoenteric feeding. A prospective randomized study.
AB  - In 50 patients requiring enteral nutritional support, a nasogastric feeding
      regimen with an isotonic, polymeric solution was introduced either by the slow,
      conventional four-day method or by a more rapid one. The incidences of symptoms
      associated with either introduction protocol were compared. As many as 82% of
      patients showed no sign of intolerance, whatever the method used. Of the
      remainder, four developed symptoms that might have been associated with the
      treatment. Only one of these patients had been subjected to the fast introduction
      protocol. It is concluded that undiluted isotonic lactose-free nasoenteric
      solutions can be safely introduced rapidly to meet energy requirements earlier.

PMID- 6434912
TI  - Solitary diverticulum of the caecal area.
AB  - Two cases of acute inflammation of a solitary diverticulum of the caecal area are
      reported, which illustrate the unusual, but well documented, problems that may
      arise in this condition. The first patient presented with clinical symptoms and
      signs of acute appendicitis, but the operative findings suggested carcinoma of
      the caecum. The second patient presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, and the
      preoperative diagnosis was that of cholangitis. The treatment by right
      hemicolectomy was successful in both cases, and this operation is recommended for
      patients who present with a complication of a solitary diverticulum in the caecal
      area.

PMID- 6434913
TI  - [Cardiotoxicity of freons. Bibliographic survey and proposals for prevention].

PMID- 6434914
TI  - Photonuclear activation ratios in fluorine compounds; an index of bremsstrahlung
      quality.
AB  - Samples of potassium hexafluorosilicate (K2SiF6) and polytetrafluoroethylene
      (C2F4)n were irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam from a clinical linear
      electron accelerator at integral values of endpoint energy between 13 and 32 MeV.
      Sample positron activities produced by the reactions 39K(gamma, n) 38K,
      19F(gamma, n) 18F, and 12C(gamma, n)11C, were determined by counting the gamma
      radiation. Saturation activities per target nucleus were calculated from these
      data. For the K2SiF6 samples, the photonuclear activation ratio (PAR) of the 7.6
      min 39K saturation activity per nucleus divided by the 18F result increased by
      more than 20% per MeV between 15 and 21 MeV. For the (C2F4)n samples the ratio
      (PAR) of the 11C saturation activity per nucleus to that for 18F increased by
      more than 24% per MeV between 22 and 26 MeV. Quality changes caused by the lead
      flattening filter were easily detectable using the PAR technique. Because of the
      high sensitivity to bremsstrahlung spectrum changes these PAR values can serve as
      sensitive indices of quality for high-energy beams.

PMID- 6434915
TI  - Analysis of physical parameters associated with the measurement of high-energy x
      ray penumbra.
AB  - The effect of dosemeter type and configuration on the measured penumbral
      distribution for Co-60, 6-MV, and 31-MV x rays has been determined in air using
      equilibrium buildup caps for three commercial detection systems including a
      silicon diode and two ionization chambers. The diode is shown to be measuring a
      different parameter in the penumbral region than the ionization chambers. This
      fact in combination with the lateral spread of the secondary electrons and the
      difference in the inside diameters of the ionization chambers results in
      significant differences between the measured beam penumbra. The latter effect is
      studied in more detail with a series of specially designed ionization chambers of
      varying inside diameter from 0.3 to 1.4 cm. A theoretical model is described
      which resolves these differences, indicates a method to determine the true
      penumbral primary-dose distribution and introduces the concept of an effective
      diameter for the ionometric measurement of high-energy x-ray penumbra.
      Recommendations are made concerning the dosemeters of choice for penumbral
      measurements over this range of photon energies.

PMID- 6434917
TI  - Compensator filters made with compact Moire camera and computer.
AB  - This paper describes a light, easy to use Moire camera and a computer program
      written to implement it as part of a clinical compensating filters design system.

PMID- 6434916
TI  - Neutron leakage measurements from a medical linear accelerator.
AB  - The McCall method has been used to measure neutron leakage from the Mevatron 77,
      18- and 15-MV photon beams. Gold foil activation has been used employing a beta
      counting technique for the 18-MV beam and a gamma counting technique for both the
      18- and 15-MV beam. The two counting techniques were used to evaluate their
      relative merit. The measurements were made at various locations in the patient
      treatment plane for different field sizes. The results show that the thermal
      neutron dose equivalent contributes only about 1%-2% of the total neutron dose
      equivalent. At 100 cm, the neutron dose equivalent for the 18-MV beam is
      approximately six times that of the 15-MV beam, slightly exceeding the 0.1% of
      the useful beam criteria used by some of the regulatory agencies. In light of the
      uncertainty in fluence to dose equivalent conversion factors, the increased dose
      equivalent above 0.1% is insignificant.

PMID- 6434918
TI  - Collimator-produced energy degradation of megavoltage x rays.
AB  - Monte Carlo computer calculations have been made to assess the effects of small
      collimators (i.e., output field sizes less than or equal to 1 cm) on megavoltage
      x-ray beams. Such collimators are often used in experiments to measure beam
      energy, half value layers, and other beam parameters. Our calculations
      demonstrate, however, that such procedures can introduce significant changes in
      these same parameters. Under certain conditions, more than 40% of the transmitted
      photons exiting the collimator do so with degraded energy. Optimum collimator
      design, however, can greatly reduce these effects. In particular, it is shown
      that the thickness of material required to effect a good collimator is not only
      dependent upon the photon energy, but also upon the size of the collimator hole.

PMID- 6434919
TI  - Electron contamination due to Lucite in a 45-MV photon beam.
AB  - The presence of the Lucite blocking tray in a 45-MV betatron beam leads to a
      considerable loss in the skin-sparing properties of this unit. Measurements
      conducted with a parallel-plate chamber show that the surface dose is
      approximately doubled (up to 58% of the maximum absorbed dose) and the depth of
      maximum dose is reduced by as much as 1.5 cm by the Lucite. These results suggest
      that separate dosimetry data should be kept for blocked and unblocked fields. The
      penetration of the electron contamination to the open field depth of maximum dose
      can lead to erroneous results if attenuation measurements are made at that depth.
      Studies of the effect of the lead sheet and leaded acrylic on the surface dose
      showed that under normal circumstances the presence of high-Z materials increases
      the surface dose, hence these materials cannot in general be used as electron
      filters on very high energy x-ray units. A Luciteless blocking tray with
      universal triangular corner blocks has been designed for use in special cases
      requiring a reduced surface dose.

PMID- 6434920
TI  - Calculation of surface dose in rotational total skin electron irradiation.
AB  - A single-field rotational total skin electron irradiation technique has recently
      been developed at the McGill University for treatment of skin malignancies. The
      dose received by a given surface point during rotation in a uniform large
      electron field depends on the radius of rotation of the surface point, on the
      local radius of curvature of the contour in the vicinity of the point of
      interest, and on the shadows cast by limbs (arms upon trunk or head and neck, and
      legs upon each other). A method for calculating the surface dose distribution on
      a patient is presented accounting for the various parameters affecting the dose.
      A series of measurements were performed with polystyrene and a humanoid phantom,
      and an excellent agreement between measured and calculated dose distributions was
      obtained.

PMID- 6434921
TI  - The implementation of the AAPM Task Group 21 protocol by the Radiological Physics
      Center and its implications.
AB  - The Radiation Therapy Committee of the American Association of Physicists in
      Medicine appointed Task Group 21 to write a new protocol for the calibration of
      high-energy photon and electron therapy beams. This protocol updates the physical
      parameters used in the calculations and is intended to account for differences in
      ionization chamber design and some differences between phantom materials that
      were not considered in previous protocols. This paper discusses how the
      Radiological Physics Center (RPC) intends to implement the new protocol, the
      changes required in the RPC calibration techniques, and the magnitude of the
      change in the RPC calculations of absorbed dose resulting from the implementation
      of the new protocol. Although the change in the RPC absorbed-dose calculations
      will be only 0%-2% over the range of photon and electron energies of interest,
      some institutions using specific dosimetry systems may find their absorbed-dose
      calculations changing by 4% or more.

PMID- 6434922
TI  - Implications of adopting the AAPM TG-21 calibration protocol for very high energy
      photon and electron beams.

PMID- 6434923
TI  - [Fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin in childhood].

PMID- 6434924
TI  - [Effects of phenobarbital on thyroid function in childhood. Iatrogenic TBG
      deficiency].

PMID- 6434926
TI  - High blood pressure control project--South Carolina, 1978-1982.

PMID- 6434925
TI  - Measles--New Hampshire.

PMID- 6434927
TI  - Campylobacter outbreak associated with certified raw milk products--California.

PMID- 6434928
TI  - Evaluation of drought-related acute undernutrition--Mauritania, 1983.

PMID- 6434930
TI  - Pertussis--United States, 1982 and 1983.

PMID- 6434929
TI  - Exposure to ammonia during removal of paint from artificial turf--Ohio.

PMID- 6434931
TI  - Cancer mortality--Tennessee, 1960-1980.

PMID- 6434932
TI  - Measles outbreak--New York City.

PMID- 6434933
TI  - Lung cancer among women--Tennessee.

PMID- 6434934
TI  - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in persons with hemophilia.

PMID- 6434935
TI  - Organophosphate insecticide poisoning among siblings--Mississippi.

PMID- 6434936
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis among children attending day-care centers--Georgia,
      Pennsylvania, Michigan, California, New Mexico.

PMID- 6434937
TI  - Outbreak of tick-borne tularemia--South Dakota.

PMID- 6434938
TI  - Pet health plans: an overview.

PMID- 6434939
TI  - Influence of a tumor-promoting phorbol ester on the electrical response of B
      cells to glucose and glyburide.
AB  - The tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA),
      enhances the secretory responses of pancreatic islet cells to glucose and a
      hypoglycemic sulfonylurea. The influence of TPA on the electrical activity
      induced by glucose or the sulfonylurea, glyburide, was assessed to determine
      whether TPA altered the conductances of the K+ and Ca2+ channels subserving
      depolarization and spike generation. TPA, 0.2 microM, did not alter the membrane
      potential obtained with 0-5.6 mM glucose. With 7.0, 8.4, and 11.0 mM glucose, TPA
      increased the duration of the active phase of oscillatory spike activity more
      than 2-fold. Upon withdrawal of glucose or glucose plus TPA, the cells
      hyperpolarized and spike activity ceased. In cells not exposed to TPA, the
      subsequent addition of 10 nM glyburide resulted in slow depolarization after 10
      13 min and occurred at a rate of 1.2 +/- 0.2 mV/min. In cells preexposed to TPA,
      depolarization commenced by 4-8 min and occurred at a rate of 3.2 +/- 0.4 mV/min.
      The magnitude of depolarization was 15-20 mV with both conditions. Small
      amplitude spikes appeared during depolarization. After depolarization, the onset
      of high amplitude spikes appeared sooner in TPA-treated B-cells and occurred 2.6
      times more frequently during the first 6.5 min after depolarization than in B
      cells not exposed to TPA. A stable pattern of spike generation was achieved twice
      as fast in TPA-treated cells. TPA enhancement of glucose- and glyburide-induced
      spike activity suggests that the insulinotropic action of TPA is mediated by
      augmenting the influx of Ca2+ into the B-cell via voltage-sensitive Ca2+
      channels.

PMID- 6434940
TI  - Mechanism of the stimulation of prostaglandin H synthase and prostacyclin
      synthase by the antithrombotic and antimetastatic agent, nafazatrom.
AB  - Nafazatrom, an antithrombotic and antimetastatic agent containing a pyrazolone
      functionality, is a reducing substrate for the peroxidase activity of
      prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase. Nafazatrom inhibits the hydroperoxide-dependent
      oxidation of phenylbutazone, stimulates the reduction of 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13
      eicosatetraenoic acid, and is oxidized by microsomal or purified enzyme
      preparations from ram seminal vesicles. Consonant with the effects of other
      peroxidase-reducing substrates, nafazatrom stimulates the oxygenation of
      arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxides by the cyclooxygenase component
      of PGH synthase. In addition, nafazatrom causes an elevation in the levels of 6
      keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the non-enzymatic hydrolysis product of prostacyclin
      (PGI2) biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by ram seminal vesicle microsomes.
      Elevation of PGI2 biosynthetic capacity by nafazatrom occurs under conditions in
      which prostaglandin endoperoxide biosynthesis is maximal, suggesting that
      nafazatrom has a stimulatory effect on the conversion of prostaglandin
      endoperoxides to PGI2. Nafazatrom has no effect on the ability of ram seminal
      vesicle microsomes to convert PGH2 to PGI2 but protects microsomal PGI2 synthase
      from inactivation by 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid. Nafazatrom
      stimulates PGI2 biosynthesis in ram seminal vesicle microsomes by acting as a
      substrate for the peroxidase-catalyzed reduction of hydroperoxy fatty acids that
      are irreversible inactivators of PGI2 synthase. Several other compounds,
      including dipyridamole and triiodothyronine, exert similar effects. This may
      contribute to the reported ability of nafazatrom and related compounds to elevate
      the levels of bioassayable PGI2 in vivo and to the antithrombotic and
      antimetastatic activities of nafazatrom.

PMID- 6434941
TI  - Idiotypic cross-reactivity of low-affinity anti-fluorescyl monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Previous studies concerning structure-function relationships of anti-fluorescyl
      hybridoma proteins utilized primarily high-affinity proteins (Ka greater than 5.0
      X 10(7) M-1) possessing distinct idiotypes. Low-affinity anti-fluorescyl
      monoclonal antibodies, predominantly IgGl or IgG2a possessing kappa light chains
      were analyzed. Two fusions produced 18 monoclonals, 13 binding fluorescein with a
      low affinity (less than or equal to 3.0 X 10(6) M-1) and five possessing high
      affinities (greater than or equal to 5.3 X 10(8) M-1). Solid-phase idiotype
      assays, utilizing rabbit anti-idiotype reagents against two low-affinity proteins
      (3-13 and 3-17), showed that all the low-affinity clones (except 2-9 and 2-21)
      were capable of inhibiting (40-100%) these two idiotype-anti-idiotype
      interactions while no high-affinity proteins inhibited them. The interactions
      with 3-13 and 3-17 were inhibited 100 and 88%, respectively, by free fluorescein.
      When these idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions were inhibited with increasing
      concns of heterologous hybridoma proteins, three clones inhibited both
      interactions as effectively as the homologous proteins at all concns tested and
      inhibition reached 100%. These three clones appeared to possess all the idiotopes
      that the anti-3-13 and anti-3-17 reagents detected on 3-13 and 3-17. Screening of
      eight high-affinity anti-fluorescyl proteins previously produced [Kranz and Voss,
      Molec. Immun. 18, 889-898 (1981a)] identified a single clone [20-4-4 (Ka = 5.0 X
      10(7) M-1)] significantly inhibiting the 3-13 and 3-17 interactions (71.0 and
      63.6%, respectively). In addition, recombination experiments utilizing H- and L
      chains derived from three low-affinity and three high-affinity antibodies
      resulted in reformation of active sites in all six heterologous combinations when
      both chains were derived from low-affinity antibodies, and in only one of six
      combinations when both chains were derived from high-affinity molecules. Thus,
      the apparent lack of private idiotopes on clones 3-13 and 3-17 and the presence
      of these idiotopes (or cross-reactive ones) on 11 of 13 low-affinity antibodies
      and on one of 13 high-affinity antibodies may indicate that clones 3-13 and 3-17
      are encoded by germline genes. The H- and L-chain recombination experiments
      indicated that the idiotype and affinity of parental molecules may be involved in
      H- and L-chain association.

PMID- 6434942
TI  - IgA polymorphism in mice: individual light chains can pair covalently with some
      alpha heavy chains and non-covalently with others.
AB  - The molecular basis for the two different forms of IgA in mice, distinguished by
      the covalent or non-covalent association of light (L) and heavy (H) chains, is
      unknown. In this communication, we show, using somatic cell hybridization to
      construct cells producing new combinations of alpha and L chains, that individual
      L chains probably can pair both covalently and non-covalently depending on the
      alpha chain.

PMID- 6434943
TI  - [The problem of root surface treatment in the therapy of periodontal lesions].

PMID- 6434944
TI  - The human lymphocyte in vitro cytogenetic assay: positive and negative control
      observations on approximately 30000 cells.
AB  - Data are presented from the cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral lymphocytes
      from 94 male and 15 female donors. However, a much smaller number of regular
      donors were selected for regular use. A total of 28674 cells were analysed and
      these acted as negative and positive controls in the in vitro human lymphocyte
      tests accumulated in this laboratory over a 6-year period. The significant
      observations were:. (1) in untreated and solvent control treated cultures (a) no
      chromosomal interchanges were observed in 21570 cells; (b) the incidence of
      dicentrics was less than 1 per 10000 cells; (c) other types of aberrations were
      seen with an increased frequency, chromosomal gaps being the most variable. (2)
      The reference clastogens mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide produced high and
      remarkably consistent yields of all types of aberrations. It is concluded that
      when screening compounds in vitro for new genotoxins, aberrations such as
      chromosomal interchanges and dicentrics (due to their rarity in negative control
      cultures) should be accorded greater significance than the several other types of
      aberrations routinely seen. These conclusions emphasize the value of maintaining
      and updating adequate historical control records.

PMID- 6434945
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans of tegumental fractions of Hymenolepis diminuta.
AB  - The teguments of 6 and 10 day-old Hymenolepis diminuta were removed with Triton X
      100 and separated into brush border and vesicular fractions by differential
      centrifugation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) isolated from these tissues and from the
      denuded carcass were treated with specific GAG-degrading enzymes and other
      chemical agents and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide, agarose
      gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Both 6 and 10 day-old worm carcasses
      contained chondroitin sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. The
      10 day-old worm brush border and vesicle fractions contained chondroitin sulfate
      but no heparin-like material. Colorimetric analysis showed that the carcasses of
      both 6 and 10 day-old worms contained uronic acid. About 98% of the detectable
      uronic acid of 10 day-old worms was found in the carcass, and only 2% in the
      brush border fraction. No uronic acid was detected in the other tegumental
      fractions.

PMID- 6434946
TI  - Cyclical ovarian function resistant to treatment with an analogue of luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone in McCune-Albright syndrome.

PMID- 6434947
TI  - Child health-care financing and competition.

PMID- 6434948
TI  - Technology acquisition under prospective payment.

PMID- 6434950
TI  - Problems of drug dependence, 1983. Proceedings of the 45th annual scientific
      meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc.

PMID- 6434949
TI  - Effects of marijuana on pregnancy and fetal development in the human.

PMID- 6434951
TI  - Relationship of plasma level and pharmacological activity of methadone.

PMID- 6434952
TI  - Morphine abstinence syndrome: cholinergic mechanisms in the ventral
      periaqueductal gray of the dog.

PMID- 6434953
TI  - The discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and d-amphetamine: a comparison
      of three routes of administration.

PMID- 6434954
TI  - Alcohol self-administration by female primates: effects on reproductive function.

PMID- 6434955
TI  - An investigation of brain reinforcement systems involved in the concurrent self
      administration of food, water, and morphine.

PMID- 6434956
TI  - Buprenorphine, heroin, and methadone: comparison of relative reinforcing
      properties.

PMID- 6434957
TI  - Behavioral interactions of opioid agonists and antagonists with serotonergic
      systems.

PMID- 6434958
TI  - Bioassay of subjective effects associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal in
      animals: a novel direction in dependence research.

PMID- 6434959
TI  - Self-administration of clonidine and oxazepam by methadone detoxification
      patients.

PMID- 6434960
TI  - Marijuana, affect and tolerance: a study of subchronic self-administration in
      women.

PMID- 6434962
TI  - Measurement and extinction of conditioned withdrawal-like responses in opiate
      dependent patients.

PMID- 6434961
TI  - Oral fenoprofen compared to intramuscular morphine and oral aspirin in cancer
      patients with postoperative pain.

PMID- 6434963
TI  - Perinatal addiction: the effects of maternal narcotic and nonnarcotic substance
      abuse on the fetus and neonate.

PMID- 6434964
TI  - Drug preference in humans: lorazepam.

PMID- 6434965
TI  - Ultradian consummatory cycles and smoking.

PMID- 6434966
TI  - Clinical evaluation of mecamylamine for withdrawal from nicotine dependence.
AB  - Mecamylamine (MCL) has been shown to extinguish nicotine dependence in rats and
      monkeys. MCL was administered to fourteen nicotine-dependent persons to determine
      if it may be effective in withdrawing nicotine-dependent humans at doses which
      have acceptable toxicity. Subjects smoked 20 to 60 cigarettes per day for a mean
      of 2.4 years, and none had been nicotine abstinent for as much as one day for at
      least one year. MCL was started in a dose of 5 to 10 mg per day and progressively
      raised until the subject experienced nicotine blockage and/or toxic effects.
      During MCL administration, 7 of 14 (50%) totally ceased smoking within the first
      11 days of treatment, and an additional 4 (28.6%) subjects reduced cigarette
      consumption to less than five per day by the end of three weeks. Thirteen of 14
      (92.9%) subjects stated that MCL blocks nicotine, reduces nicotine craving, and
      "works." At least some minor side-effects of MCL were observed in every subject.
      The most intolerable side-effects were constipation, urinary retention, abdominal
      cramps, and weakness, and these were responsible for drop-out of 5 (35.7%)
      subjects. Although there is a high prevalence of side-effects, MCL is probably a
      viable withdrawal treatment for some cases of recalcitrant nicotine dependence.

PMID- 6434967
TI  - Environmental influences in the perception of pain.

PMID- 6434968
TI  - Adverse effects of cocaine abuse.
AB  - Specific consequences of cocaine abuse on health and psycho-social functioning
      were assessed in 55 cocaine-abusing subjects who called a telephone "helpline."
      REsults showed a high incidence and wide range of adverse consequences including:
      impairment of job functioning, interpersonal relationships, and financial status;
      disturbances of mood and cognitive functioning; psychiatric symptoms of
      depression, paranoia, and increased suicidal/violent tendencies; and physical
      symptoms of exhaustion, weight loss, sleep problems, and seizures. Cocaine
      related automobile accidents, suicide attempts, and violent acts, including a
      cocaine-related homicide, were also reported. Intranasal users reported no fewer
      and no less severe adverse consequences than free-base smokers or intravenous
      users. Our findings challenge popular notions that cocaine is a benign
      "recreational" drug and that the intranasal route of administration guarantees
      protection against addictive patterns of use and adverse effects.

PMID- 6434969
TI  - Comparison of a behavioral and a pharmacological treatment for reduction of
      illicit opiate use.

PMID- 6434970
TI  - Methadone plasma levels and persistent drug abuse in high dose maintenance
      patients.
AB  - Methadone maintenance patients who maintained on a high daily dose were divided
      into good performers and poor performers based on whether they demonstrated
      persistent use of heroin, non-prescription diazepam, and/or excessive alcohol
      consumption. Mean methadone plasma levels 24 hours after an oral dose of 80 mg
      were found to be 410.4 ng/ml in good performers compared to 101.8 ng/ml in poor
      performers (P less than .05). Seven of nine (77.8%) poor compared to two of 15
      (13.3%) good performers had 24-hour methadone plasma levels under 50 ng/ml (P
      less than .01). High dose methadone patients who show evidence of persistent drug
      or alcohol abuse should have their 24-hour methadone plasma level determined to
      help assess whether the patient should receive more methadone or find an
      alternative treatment.

PMID- 6434971
TI  - Methadone detoxification: effects of methadone dose versus time in treatment.

PMID- 6434972
TI  - Abstinence treatments for opiate addicts: therapeutic community or naltrexone?

PMID- 6434973
TI  - An evaluation of neonatal abstinence treatment modalities.

PMID- 6434974
TI  - Five-year follow-up of opiate addicts with naltrexone and behavior therapy.
AB  - A group of 58 heroin addicts were treated with naltrexone and behavior therapy
      and followed for 5 years. At one-year post-treatment, almost half of the
      naltrexone-treated subjects were opiate free. Follow-up results at 5 years post
      treatment indicate that over 90% of those patients treated with naltrexone became
      re-addicted for various periods of time. However, naltrexone-treated subjects did
      feel their treatment with naltrexone had provided them with the ability to remain
      opiate free for blocks of time. The results suggest that naltrexone is not a
      "cure" for opiate dependence, but is a medication which can be useful in
      protecting patients from re-addiction and is a modality patients should be
      encouraged to return to if they feel vulnerable to re-addiction.

PMID- 6434975
TI  - Social control as an explanation of sex differences in substance use among
      adolescents.

PMID- 6434976
TI  - Criminality during the life course of heroin addiction.

PMID- 6434977
TI  - Depressive symptoms in drug abuse treatment clients: correlates, treatment, and
      changes.

PMID- 6434978
TI  - Drug preference and mood in humans: mazindol and phenylpropanolamine.

PMID- 6434979
TI  - The use of phenobarbital in treating abstinence in newborns exposed in utero to
      psychoactive agents.

PMID- 6434980
TI  - The incidence of violence in the lives of pregnant drug-dependent women.

PMID- 6434981
TI  - Cerebral ventricular changes in newborns exposed to psychoactive agents in utero.

PMID- 6434982
TI  - Depression, self-concept, and violent experience in drug abusing women and their
      influence upon parenting effectiveness.

PMID- 6434983
TI  - The effects of RO15-1788, alone and in combination with diazepam, on ethanol
      induced loss of righting reflex in rats.

PMID- 6434984
TI  - Opioids alter tumor cell growth and differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 6434985
TI  - Classical conditioning in opiate dependence.

PMID- 6434987
TI  - On the stimulus control of drinking in alcoholics.

PMID- 6434986
TI  - Dependence studies of new compounds in the rhesus monkey, rat, and mouse (1983).

PMID- 6434988
TI  - How to make a fruitfly.

PMID- 6434989
TI  - Information for the dorsal--ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is stored as
      maternal mRNA.
AB  - Maternal-effect mutations in 10 loci in Drosophila produce totally 'dorsalized'
      embryos. Injection of RNA isolated from wild-type embryos into mutants at six
      loci partially restores dorsal-ventral polarity. For the mutant snake, injection
      of poly(A)+ RNA restores a complete dorsal-ventral pattern.

PMID- 6434990
TI  - Isolation of the dorsal locus of Drosophila.
AB  - The establishment of embryonic polarity is a crucial step in pattern formation
      and morphogenesis. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, embryonic polarity
      depends primarily on genes expressed in the female during oogenesis. Mutations in
      these 'maternal effect' genes can lead to major disruptions in normal pattern
      formation. Two classes of maternal genes essential for the establishment of
      polarity in the embryo have been identified. Lesions in one class, the 'bicaudal'
      genes, disrupt the anterior-posterior axis; lesions in the other class disrupt
      dorsal-ventral polarity, and in the most extreme cases embryos fail to form any
      ventral or lateral structures. Genetic studies suggest that the anterior
      posterior and dorsal-ventral axes may be independent as the defects observed in
      mutants from each class seem to be restricted to one axis only. The dorsal (dl)
      locus is one of the maternal effect genes involved in the establishment of dorsal
      ventral polarity. Homozygous dl females produce embryos exhibiting the mutant
      phenotype--complete lack of dorsal-ventral polarity in the strongest alleles-
      irrespective of the genotype of the father. Although dl is a maternal effect
      locus and must be expressed during oogenesis, the gene product, or a substance
      depending on the normal function of the dl gene, seems to be active early in
      embryogenesis, as the dl phenotype can be partially rescued by injection of
      cytoplasm from wild-type cleavage-stage embryos. Here we report the molecular
      cloning of the dorsal locus and a study of its expression.

PMID- 6434991
TI  - Archaeology: Cheshire's oldest inhabitant?

PMID- 6434992
TI  - A biological consequence of variation in the site of D-JH gene rearrangement.
AB  - One mechanism which generates diversity in immunoglobulin variable (V) regions is
      flexibility in the site of recombination among the constituent genetic elements.
      Within a specific antibody family (that is, a particular VH-VL combination),
      variability in V-D-J rearrangement not only leads to sequence diversity at the
      boundary of the juxtaposed genes, but also enables the total length of the third
      complementarity-determining region (CDR-3) of the heavy chain to be conserved. We
      demonstrate here that the junctional diversity inherent in rearranged
      immunoglobulin genes can have consequences for the biology of the immune system.
      Sequence analysis of the expressed immunoglobulin genes of idiotypically variant
      as opposed to conventional B lymphocytes of a dominant antibody family showed
      that the variant B cells undergo a novel D-JH joining event such that an extra
      amino acid is inserted into the heavy chain CDR-3. The unique D-region
      conformation possessed by the variant B cells accounts for previous observations
      which showed that variant and conventional B cells could be differentially
      regulated in vivo by an autologous set of idiotope-specific B lymphocytes. Our
      findings indicate that D-region structure can determine the expression of
      regulatory idiotopes and suggest that the conservation of heavy-chain CDR-3
      length within an antibody family may reflect regulatory as well as functional
      constraints.

PMID- 6434993
TI  - Identification of a diversity segment of human T-cell receptor beta-chain, and
      comparison with the analogous murine element.
AB  - The humoral immune system antigen-binding proteins (immunoglobulins) are
      disulphide-linked heterodimers of light and heavy chains. The gene for the
      variable region which determines antigen specificity is assembled when one member
      from each of the dispersed clusters of variable (V) gene segments, diversity (D)
      elements (for the heavy chains only) and joining (J) segments rearrange and fuse
      during B-cell development (reviewed in ref. 1). Short recognition sequences
      adjacent to these elements appear to be involved in the recombination process.
      The cellular immune system antigen recognition proteins are receptors on the
      surface of T cells, which are composed of disulphide-linked alpha-chains and beta
      chains, each of which has a variable and constant region. Recently, cDNA clones
      of the beta-chain mRNA have been isolated; the genomic arrangement is very
      similar to immunoglobulin genes with multiple V beta genes, and two clusters of J
      beta segments, each of which is upstream from a constant-region gene segment. The
      V beta and J beta segments have adjacent recombinational recognition sequences
      like the immunoglobulin elements. However, approximately 10 nucleotides of the
      cDNA clones between the V beta and J beta regions were not present in the
      corresponding genomic elements and may have been due to intervening D beta
      segments. Here we describe a diversity element (D beta 1.1) in a region of high
      human-mouse homology about 650 bases 5' to the first J beta cluster. Two
      transcripts which include sequences upstream of D beta 1.1 are found in the human
      thymus. This region may have some other function besides providing the beta-chain
      with a diversity segment.

PMID- 6434994
TI  - Islet activating protein analogous to p21 ras?

PMID- 6434996
TI  - Prospective Payment Assessment Commission: mandate, structure, and relationships.

PMID- 6434995
TI  - Electrogenic Na-Ca exchange in retinal rod outer segment.
AB  - Previous work has suggested that a Na-Ca exchanger may have a key role in visual
      transduction in retinal rods. This exchanger is thought to maintain a low
      internal free Ca2+ concentration in darkness and to contribute to the rod's
      recovery after light by removing any internally released Ca2+. Little else is
      known about this transport mechanism in rods. We describe here an inward membrane
      current recorded from single isolated rods which appears to be associated with
      such external Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux activity. External Na+, but not Li+,
      could generate this current; high external K+ inhibited it while small amounts of
      La3+ (10 microM) completely abolished it. The exchanger can also transport Sr2+,
      but not Ba2+ or other divalent cations. The exchange ratio was estimated to be
      3Na+:1Ca2+. As well as demonstrating clearly the Na-Ca exchanger in the rod outer
      segment, our experiments also cast serious doubt on the commonly held view that
      light simply releases internal Ca2+ to bind to and block the light-sensitive
      conductance.

PMID- 6434997
TI  - Severity of illness measures: issues and options.

PMID- 6434998
TI  - Economic and ethical issues in patient compliance.

PMID- 6434999
TI  - [The value of echocardiography in patients with brief local circulation disorders
      of the brain].

PMID- 6435000
TI  - [Immunization against hepatitis B; costs and benefits in a Dutch hospital].

PMID- 6435001
TI  - [Hepatitis B vaccination of hospital personnel].

PMID- 6435002
TI  - [Legionella pneumonia from the home water faucet].

PMID- 6435003
TI  - [Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of the reactivity of cerebral vessels].
AB  - Using ultrasonographic measurements based on Doppler's phenomenon the author
      determined in 86 subjects the velocity of blood flow in the common carotid
      arteries before and after breathing 6% CO2. Acceleration of blood flow resulting
      from dilation of cerebral blood vessels was observed in all healthy subjects up
      to the age of 45 years. In older subjects the vasomotor reaction was sometimes
      absent, significantly more frequently in cases of past cerebrovascular accidents.
      These results indicate absence of vasomotor reserve in most patients with
      disturbances of cerebral circulation. The used method of investigation makes
      possible, in view of its simplicity and non-invasiveness, a more widespread
      determination of cerebral vascular reactions in clinical studies.

PMID- 6435004
TI  - [An autopsy case of intracranial multiple meningiomas associated with
      extracranial multiple neurinomas].
AB  - An autopsy case of intracranial multiple meningiomas associated with extracranial
      multiple neurinomas was presented. A 55-year-old woman, who had received surgical
      treatment for right parasagittal meningioma 20 years ago, gradually showed the
      sign of increased intracranial pressure and disturbance of the lower cranial
      nerves. Brain CT scan demonstrated numerous intracranial tumors. At autopsy 124
      intracranial meningiomas, and neurinomas in her left cervical and right axillar
      portion were found. Meningiomas showed the transitional and fibroblastic type,
      histopathologically, and axillary and cervical tumors were the Antoni A type
      neurinomas. It is suggested that this case had a tendency of heterogenous and
      multiple origination of tumors.

PMID- 6435005
TI  - The effect of age on biochemical and morphological changes in the semitendinosus
      muscle of cattle with generalized glycogenosis type II.
AB  - Progressive changes in acid alpha-glucosidase activity, glycogen content and
      light microscopical and ultrastructural features in skeletal muscle of calves
      affected by generalized glycogenosis type II were assessed in biopsies from
      semitendinosus muscle of nine affected, twenty-six carrier and fifteen normal
      calves taken at varying times between birth and 17 months of age. Affected
      animals could be identified by using the PAS technique on paraffin and epon
      embedded material or by electron microscopy. However, estimation of acid alpha
      glucosidase activity was required for precise diagnosis of generalized
      glycogenosis type II or to distinguish between normal and carrier animals. The
      glycogen content of the semitendinosus muscle of affected animals was
      approximately three times that in non-affected animals and although storage of
      glycogen reached a plateau soon after birth, the muscle fibre damage seen in very
      young calves increased with age. Morphological evidence of glycogen accumulation,
      both within the cytoplasm and within membrane bound structures, was present at
      birth. In some animals evidence of muscle fibre regeneration and damage was seen
      in the same sections.

PMID- 6435006
TI  - Decrease in levels of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the n. accumbens
      and lumbar spinal cord following repeated electroconvulsive shock.
AB  - The study investigated the effects of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock
      on levels and release of TRH in specific brain regions and thoracic and lumbar
      spinal cord. Whilst single electroconvulsive shock had no effect on TRH in any of
      the regions of the brain and spinal cord studied, repeated electroshock (5 shocks
      over 10 days and the rats killed 24 hr after the last shock) caused a significant
      decrease (-42 and -40% respectively) in levels of TRH in the nucleus accumbens
      and lumbar spinal cord. In the thoracic cord the level of TRH was also decreased
      after repeated electroshock but this did not reach significance. In contrast
      repeated electroshock had no significant effect on the content of TRH of the
      septal nuclei, hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, or dorsal and medial raphe
      nuclei. Release of TRH was measured from slices prepared from nucleus accumbens
      and septal nuclei after repeated electroshock. A decrease in release was observed
      in nucleus accumbens with no effect in the septal nuclei. the results are
      discussed in relation to the possible interaction between dopaminergic and
      serotoninergic neurones and TRH in the antidepressant effects of
      electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 6435007
TI  - Oxygen utilization and cardiovascular function in head-injured patients.
AB  - Factors that influenced resting metabolic expenditure (RME) and the
      cardiovascular response associated with an elevated RME were examined in 55
      patients with penetrating and closed head injuries who were kept normovolemic and
      hyperalimented during the acute phase of injury. The severity of the neurological
      injury had a strong effect on the RME; those with a GCS of 4-5 had the highest
      RME, 168 +/- 53% of that expected, whereas those with a GCS of 6-7 had a lower
      RME, 129 +/- 31% of that expected. Increased body temperature was associated with
      increased RME by 45%/degrees C in patients with a GCS of 4-5 and by 15%/degrees C
      in those with a GCS 6-7. The increase in oxygen utilization was associated with
      an increase in plasma catecholamines. Sedatives, paralyzing agents, and
      propranolol all decreased RME. The cardiovascular response associated with
      increased oxygen utilization was an elevated cardiac output and, when RME was
      very high, a widened mean arterial-venous oxygen content difference, indicating
      that the tissues were more fully extracting oxygen. The increased cardiac output
      was dependent upon the presence of an adequate intravascular volume. During the 2
      year period of study, a total of 99 patients with closed head injuries (including
      44 patients who underwent studies) were admitted. The mortality rate of this
      consecutive series of comatose patients was 25%. The incidence of intracranial
      hypertension (30%) and of death from uncontrolled intracranial hypertension (12%)
      was not different from that reported in other recent series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435008
TI  - Postoperative regression of opticochiasmatic astrocytoma: a case for expectant
      therapy.
AB  - After incisional biopsy, an opticochiasmatic astrocytoma in a 2-year-old child
      with neurofibromatosis was seen to regress by computed tomographic scanning. This
      case illustrates the need for expectant therapy in this entity.

PMID- 6435009
TI  - Influence of long-term administration of anticonvulsants on human somatic
      chromosomes. Relationships of chromosome aberrations to plasma concentration,
      dosage and duration of anticonvulsants.
AB  - Chromosomal aberrations of 16 patients who have taken anticonvulsants for a long
      time were examined, and the following results were obtained. (1) There was no
      definite relation between the dosage of anticonvulsants and the incidence of
      abnormal cells, but positive correlation was recognized between the plasma
      concentration of the agents and the incidence of abnormal cells. (2) A
      significant correlation was recognized between the duration of administration and
      the incidence of abnormal cells. (3) The mean duration of drug administration was
      16.9 years, with the incidence of abnormal cells of more than 15% in a group of
      12 abnormal female subjects, and 8.1 years with an incidence of abnormal cells of
      less than 15% in a group of 9 normal subjects. (4) Morphological chromosome
      aberrations observed were mostly gaps and breaks. Any increase of exchange-type
      aberration was not recognized. It is conceivable that plasma factors might be
      more significant than the direct action from drugs as a mechanism of chromosome
      aberration. We speculate about the effects of lymphocyte chromosome aberration on
      living bodies, and the necessity of chromosome examination for the patients on
      long-term anticonvulsant therapy.

PMID- 6435011
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in experimental spinal injury: dose response and
      late treatment.
AB  - Early treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at high doses improves
      neurologic recovery from experimental spinal injury in cats. We have now compared
      the effects of TRH dose and time of treatment on neurologic outcome. TRH-treated
      animals showed better motor recovery than saline controls; effects were dose
      related (between 0.02 mg/kg/hr and 2.0 mg/kg/hr), with significant effects even
      at the lowest dose. Cats treated at 24 hours after injury also improved
      significantly. These findings provide additional support for TRH trials in human
      spinal injury and suggest that even late treatment may be effective.

PMID- 6435010
TI  - Functional asymmetry of the animal brain.

PMID- 6435012
TI  - Selenium, zinc, and copper changes with valproic acid: possible relation to drug
      side effects.
AB  - Side effects of treatment with the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) suggested
      the possibility of alteration of trace metal status. Administration of VPA for 1
      week produced significant depletion of zinc and selenium in plasma of rats and a
      one-third reduction of hepatic selenium. Patients who were treated chronically,
      with VPA as the sole anticonvulsant medication, had decreased plasma selenium
      levels. Most cases of VPA-associated hepatotoxicity occur in children. This could
      be due to decreased selenium concentrations when mechanisms for protection
      against peroxidative damage are not fully developed.

PMID- 6435013
TI  - Gastrointestinal lesions in lambs due to multiple low-level blast overpressure
      exposure.

PMID- 6435014
TI  - Impact of the chemical protective ensemble on the performance of basic medical
      tasks.

PMID- 6435015
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome: parasympathetic nervous system versus infant seat
      baby nest.

PMID- 6435016
TI  - Patient classification system: a link between diagnosis-related groupings and
      acuity factors.

PMID- 6435017
TI  - Life satisfaction for military wives.

PMID- 6435018
TI  - Isolated herniation of the colon through the esophageal hiatus: case report.

PMID- 6435019
TI  - Case for diagnosis. AIDS.

PMID- 6435020
TI  - Valvular myxoma causing mitral stenosis: case report.

PMID- 6435021
TI  - Practical application of fine needle thyroid aspiration biopsy in clinical
      medicine.

PMID- 6435022
TI  - Less radiation and better images: a new scoliosis radiography system.

PMID- 6435023
TI  - [A case of multiple congenital appendiceal diverticula].

PMID- 6435024
TI  - [Effect of nutritional support by parenteral route on the immune state of the
      geriatric cancer patient].

PMID- 6435025
TI  - [Enteral nutritional support in the treatment of the high-risk surgical patient].
AB  - The Authors report about their experience of 27 cases of Total Enteral Feeding.
      The role of the nitrogen balance inversion, from negative to positive, as an
      expression of protein anabolism, is specially emphasized. This parameter proves
      more suitable than the serum albumin level increase, of low statistical
      significance.

PMID- 6435026
TI  - [Supportive parenteral nutrition in the cirrhotic surgical patient ].

PMID- 6435027
TI  - [Nutritional support in the critical surgical patient. Current orientation].

PMID- 6435028
TI  - [Supportive nutritional therapy in urologic surgery of the elderly patient].

PMID- 6435029
TI  - [Postoperative high digestive-cutaneous fistula. Advantages of nutritional
      treatment].
AB  - Twenty-four patients (18 male and 6 female) with high post-surgery digestive
      fistulas (8 pancreatic-cutaneous, 7 duodenal-cutaneous, 4 jejunum-cutaneous, 4
      ileal-cutaneous, 1 gastric cutaneous) were treated with T.P.N. and/or E.N.
      between 1980-1983. 17 patients (71%) recovered with spontaneous healing of
      fistulas in 9-92 (average 39) days. 3 patients underwent a second operation. 3
      patients (12.5%) died: 2 for sepsis, 1 for cachexia. A.E. and T.P.N. were able to
      improve serious catabolic state and to get a better prognosis.

PMID- 6435030
TI  - [Use of parenteral hyperalimentation in the treatment of cancer patients].

PMID- 6435031
TI  - [Use of the glucose load test by intravenous route for the determination of
      glucose tolerance in non-diabetic patients subjected to total parenteral
      nutrition].

PMID- 6435032
TI  - [Use of the computer in total parenteral nutrition. Our experience].
AB  - The Authors show their method to set up and to plan a T.P.N. for surgical
      patients. They emphasize how the introduction of the computer in the intensive
      therapy practice, not only helps the work of the medical corps and the hospital
      attendants, but it marks and plans again every day the components' dosages on the
      blood-metabolical alterations, daily checked on the patients. They are here
      showing their experiences since 1977, appraising in a critical way the directions
      and the results.

PMID- 6435033
TI  - [The value of a service for the preparation of total parenteral nutrition for the
      correct execution of this complex method].

PMID- 6435034
TI  - [Oligoelements and total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6435035
TI  - [The problem of the addition of insulin to solutions in total parenteral
      nutrition].

PMID- 6435036
TI  - [EGAGE: a program for combined blood gas analysis and analysis of exhaled gases
      in surgical patients under critical care].

PMID- 6435037
TI  - [Use of computers in the control of acid-base equilibrium in surgical patients in
      intensive care units].

PMID- 6435038
TI  - [Esophageal pH-manometry in the evaluation of pathologic gastroesophageal
      reflux].
AB  - Combined pressure and pH measurement of distal esophagus is very important for an
      accurate diagnostic approach and a correct therapeutic course of gastro
      esophageal reflux disease. Sixty-eight patients with suspected gastroesophageal
      reflux disease have been examined by combined pressure and pH-measurement.
      Collected data confirm the method worth, that allows to study gastro-esophageal
      reflux and the esophageal motor dysfunction related.

PMID- 6435039
TI  - A service-oriented program providing continuity of high-quality care to the home
      hyperalimentation patient. Hospital without walls.

PMID- 6435040
TI  - A workbook approach to justifying I.V. therapy teams under prospective payment.

PMID- 6435041
TI  - Anxiogenic action of benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 in the
      rat.
AB  - Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 are potent inhibitors of benzodiazepine (BDZ) binding in
      vitro and may antagonize BDZ effects in vivo. These compounds are less well
      characterized behaviorally, but, as BDZ antagonists, anxiety-producing
      (anxiogenic) effects may be hypothesized. This hypothesis was investigated using
      a conditioned spatial aversion test of anxiety in the rat. Both compounds
      produced an increase in spatial aversion. This may suggest that these compounds
      are potentially anxiogenic. The results of these experiments further suggest that
      the conditioned spatial aversion test may be sensitive to a range of compounds
      with demonstrable BDZ receptor affinity.

PMID- 6435042
TI  - Parenteral feeding no better than transpyloric feeding in the preterm.

PMID- 6435044
TI  - Clinical researches on islet transplantation in 20 patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6435043
TI  - Patients with rheumatic fever recurrences.
AB  - An evaluation is made as to the effectiveness of a rheumatic fever followup
      clinic in preventing recurrences. Forty-nine recurrences are known to have
      occurred in 228 patients. Oral rather than intramuscular benzathine penicillin
      prophylaxis, positive oral or pharyngeal culture of Streptococcus pyogenes and
      large sibship were found to be associated with recurrences.

PMID- 6435045
TI  - [Combined nodular degeneration of the corneas, optic atrophy and horizontal
      nystagmus with decreased intellect and changes in the bone system].

PMID- 6435046
TI  - A comparative study of the effectiveness of metronidazole and penicillin V in
      eliminating anaerobes from postextraction bacteremias.
AB  - Recent reports have indicated the serious nature of anaerobic endocarditis and
      septicemia. As anaerobes can be isolated from postextraction bacteremias, this
      study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole and
      penicillin V in eliminating anaerobes from postextraction bacteremias. Twenty
      five patients were randomly assigned to each of three groups--a placebo group, a
      metronidazole group, and a penicillin V group--for a total of seventy-five
      patients. Although penicillin V reduced the occurrence of anaerobes to a greater
      degree than did metronidazole, it was noted that gram-negative anaerobes were
      still detected in the blood of four patients in the penicillin V group. In the
      metronidazole group no gram-negative anaerobes were cultured. Because of the
      marked effectiveness of metronidazole against gram-negative anaerobes, the use of
      penicillin V and metronidazole in combination might be effective in the
      prevention of the sequelae of postextraction bacteremias. However, further
      studies, using a larger sample size, to investigate specifically gram-negative
      anaerobes are required.

PMID- 6435047
TI  - Occurrence of multiple dentigerous cysts in a patient with the Maroteaux-Lamy
      syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis, type VI).
AB  - The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of genetic lysosomal storage
      diseases. These diseases result from a defect in specific lysosomal enzymes
      required for the degradation of specific mucopolysaccharides. These incompletely
      degraded saccharides accumulate in tissues and are excreted in the urine. A
      general characteristic of these diseases is dysostosis multiplex. Dental
      complications can be severe and include unerupted dentition, dentigerous cystlike
      follicles, malocclusions, condylar defects, and gingival hyperplasia. This report
      examines multiple dentigerous cysts in a patient with a deficiency in N
      acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MPS VI). The inability
      to hydrolyze the sulfate group from N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate residue of
      dermatan sulfate due to a deficiency in this enzyme results in the accumulation
      of dermatan sulfate in tissues and its excretion in the urine. Examination of
      dentigerous cyst fluid revealed glycosaminoglycan content of 397 microgram per
      milliliter. Compositional analyses revealed 60% hyaluronic acid, 30% chondroitin
      4- and -6-sulfate, and only 10% dermatan sulfate. This was consistent with
      dentigerous cyst fluid derived from persons without mucopolysaccharide-storage
      disorders but distinctly different from glycosaminoglycans assayed from other
      body fluids of this patient.

PMID- 6435048
TI  - Initiation and promotion in experimental oral carcinogenesis.
AB  - A subthreshold dose of 0.1% DMBA in oil applied to hamster buccal pouch three
      times a week for 10 weeks did not result in the development of carcinoma in up to
      25 weeks from the start of the experiment. However, if the subthreshold dose of
      DMBA was followed by 6 weeks of no treatment and six weeks of 40% benzoyl
      peroxide treatment, carcinomas developed rapidly. Both benzoyl peroxide and its
      acetone solvent are noncarcinogenic. An experiment carried out on sixty-six young
      adult male and female Syrian hamsters demonstrated these results, using
      appropriate controls.

PMID- 6435049
TI  - The comparative efficiency of final endodontic cleansing procedures in removing a
      radioactive albumin from root canal systems.
AB  - Fifty-six teeth were initially instrumented, with the use of seven irrigants or
      irrigant combinations, and filled with radioactive albumin. The study then showed
      the relative ability of three final endodontic procedures (copious reirrigation
      with saline solution, drying with paper points, and reassuring patency of the
      canal with the final instrument) to remove the albumin. Even after copious
      irrigation, each additional procedure removed statistically significant amounts
      of albumin. Alternating an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent did appear to
      leave the canal system in the optimal condition for final cleansing procedures.
      The study then correlated the relative efficiency of irrigation alone versus
      instrumentation plus irrigation in removing the remaining albumin from the canal
      systems. Reinstrumentation plus copious irrigation removed significantly more
      albumin than copious irrigation alone.

PMID- 6435050
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of carbonic anhydrase in human kidney, bone and
      giant cell tumor of bone.

PMID- 6435051
TI  - [Phase III clinico-pharmacological study of Galantase in adult lactose
      intolerance patients].

PMID- 6435052
TI  - [Discontinuing serological tests for anti-A and anti-B antibodies in pregnant
      women].

PMID- 6435053
TI  - [Isolation of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a foreign male
      patient].

PMID- 6435054
TI  - [Fatal post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis].

PMID- 6435055
TI  - [The incidence of beta-lactamase-producing streptomycin-resistant Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae in Hungary].

PMID- 6435056
TI  - The palatopharyngoplasty operation for snoring and sleep apnea: an interim
      report.
AB  - We performed palatopharyngoplasty operations on 155 patients as of June 1, 1983,
      and have 4-month clinical follow-ups on 123 patients. Forty-nine have had repeat
      polysomnograms (through September 1983) that continue to show the operation is
      about 50% effective in curing or considerably improving obstructive sleep apnea.
      Symptomatic (clinical) results in these same patients are much better than 50%
      and may be the reason why we have had considerable difficulty in obtaining sleep
      study follow-ups. Snoring was eliminated or much improved in 93% of all patients
      and 95% of patients without serious obstructive sleep apnea. Daytime symptoms, if
      any, were improved in 64%. Some form of preoperative sleep study is mandatory in
      all patients. Two thirds of patients who present with the complaint of snoring
      and none of the classic symptoms of apnea actually do have total airway
      obstructions during sleep.

PMID- 6435057
TI  - Adaptation in the function of pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
AB  - The palatopharyngeus and pharyngeal constrictor muscles were studied by
      electromyography (EMG) and by direct observation with a flexible fiberoptic scope
      in the anesthetized as well as in the alert rhesus monkey. The muscles were
      monitored to determine the change in their discharge with nasal obstruction, head
      posture, head extension, and swallowing. The results indicated that certain
      regions of the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors never discharged
      during deglutition. Extending the head could induce a tonic discharge in fibers
      of the middle pharyngeal constrictor for the duration of head extension.
      Placement of water in the hypopharynx not only induced a sustained laryngospasm
      but also a tonic discharge in the select fibers of the superior and middle
      pharyngeal constrictors. Changing from a supine to an upright posture, or
      obstructing the nasal cavity, could induce a rhythmic discharge. These studies
      indicate that there are functional components of fibers within each of the
      anatomically recognized pharyngeal constrictors.

PMID- 6435058
TI  - Opening and closing mechanisms of the larynx.
AB  - Opening and closing of the larynx are determined by the intrinsic and extrinsic
      muscles acting on the elastic forces in the tongue, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
      The pharynx is opened or closed by two mechanisms: (1) Contractions of the
      cricothyroid and of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx open and close the vocal
      cords. (2) The false cords, ventricle, and true cords accordion open or close in
      a bellows mechanism. We conclude that the posterior cricoarytenoid opens the
      laryngeal airway. The cricothyroid together with the posterior cricoarytenoid
      accentuates this opening. The larynx is also opened by the geniohyoid, mylohyoid,
      sternothyroid, and middle constrictor. The thyrohyoid, cricothyroid, sternohyoid,
      and inferior constrictor close the laryngeal airway. Abnormalities in the soft
      tissues of the neck or of the innervation of the larynx, pharynx, and neck
      muscles may severely interfere with patency of the laryngeal airway. This occurs
      in such conditions as vocal cord paralysis, sleep apnea, multiple sclerosis,
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spastic dysphonia, mandibular fractures or
      hypodevelopment, and cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 6435059
TI  - The otolaryngologist's role in the craniofacial anomalies team.
AB  - The otolaryngologist has a multifaceted role on the craniofacial anomalies team.
      The diagnosis and treatment of hearing disorders, both congenital and acquired;
      maintenance of communication through adequate speech and hearing; management of
      the airway and deglutition; and reconstructive surgery of the head and neck are
      the primary responsibilities to children and adults with craniofacial anomalies.
      The complete evaluation and treatment of these disorders can be both very
      challenging and very rewarding.

PMID- 6435060
TI  - The use of autogenous vein for nerve grafting.
AB  - The use of autogenous femoral vein to graft a resected segment of sciatic nerve
      in 10 rats suggests that autogenous vein can serve as a satisfactory nerve graft
      conduit. Scar tissue within the vein or distal nerve was minimal.

PMID- 6435061
TI  - An otolaryngology surgical coding and reporting system.
AB  - A computerized information-gathering system has been developed at The University
      of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas for otolaryngologic head and neck
      surgery. Surgeons enter data on operations by answering multiple-choice questions
      at computer terminals situated near the operating rooms of each hospital. The
      system's main functions are to ensure completeness in the collection of operation
      data, allow easy review of such data for weekly conferences, and increase
      availability of such information for future comprehensive analysis. The scheme
      for data input, the logics of classifications, and the benefits of such a system
      are described.

PMID- 6435062
TI  - Tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration: modification of the Blom-Singer
      technique.
AB  - We have used a modification of the Blom-Singer technique in our last 24
      tracheoesophageal punctures, performed on 20 patients. At the time of puncture a
      surgical stent with an indwelling Dacron polyester suture is placed to form the
      fistula. Forty-eight to 72 hours later the stent is backed out of the puncture
      site but the suture is allowed to remain. The Blom-Singer duckbill prosthesis is
      fitted and taped in the routine fashion. The suture is left to traverse the
      tracheoesophageal tract until the time of discharge, when it is removed. At
      discharge the patient is given a Silastic dilator, to be used if the puncture
      site becomes too small to allow for insertion of the duckbill prosthesis.
      Seventeen of the 20 patients in this group obtained good voice. Six operations
      would have been failures because of the loss of the patient's prosthesis in the
      immediate postoperative period if the modified technique had not been used.

PMID- 6435063
TI  - Production of mucous glycoproteins by nasal turbinates in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro system of human nasal turbinate tissue culture has been developed.
      Nasal turbinate tissue resected during surgery for nasal obstruction is dissected
      free of bone, placed on absorbable gelatin sponges, and cultured with CMRL-1066
      medium containing antibiotics. Viability of explants may be demonstrated both
      physiologically and histologically through a period of 4 weeks. 3H-glucosamine
      added to the medium is biosynthetically incorporated into mucous glycoprotein
      (MGP). Gel filtration column chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000 in 6M urea in
      0.005M phosphate buffer demonstrates human turbinate MGP to fractionate with 85%
      of the radiolabel filtered and 15% excluded by the column. The excluded MGP
      fractionates with globular proteins of greater than 20 X 10(6) daltons, while the
      fractions that enter the column filter with molecular sizes of 0.4 X 10(6) to 20
      X 10(6) daltons. MGP synthesized by human lung airways has comparable sizing
      characteristics, suggesting a similarity in upper and lower airway mucus
      chemistry.

PMID- 6435064
TI  - A surgical alternative to internal maxillary artery ligation for posterior
      epistaxis.
AB  - Posterior epistaxis is a disease of varying magnitude and is associated with
      considerable morbidity. Surgical management often consists of transantral
      ligation of the internal maxillary artery and its branches, with or without
      ligation of the ethmoidal arteries. Ten patients underwent an alternative
      surgical procedure in which the nasopharynx and posterior nasal cavity were
      indirectly examined for bleeding sites with a large laryngeal mirror. Nasal
      septal reconstruction with mobilization of the anterior cartilaginous septum from
      the maxillary crest allowed lateral displacement of the septum with excellent
      visualization of the lateral nasal walls. Hemorrhage was controlled by
      electrocoagulation of bleeding sites with a disposable, malleable suction
      electrocautery. No complications occurred in this group of 10 patients and no
      further epistaxis has been reported during a follow-up of 17 to 35 months.

PMID- 6435065
TI  - Monitoring auditory nerve potentials during operations in the cerebellopontine
      angle.
AB  - Direct monitoring of auditory nerve potentials was performed in 19 patients
      undergoing retromastoid craniectomy and microvascular decompression of cranial
      nerves. In addition, brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BSEPs) were monitored
      in these patients. No patient suffered significant hearing loss. Direct
      monitoring of auditory nerve potentials complements the recording of BSEPs
      because the auditory nerve potentials can be visualized without averaging many
      responses. Therefore the effect of any intraoperative manipulation that is
      harmful to the auditory nerve can be detected instantaneously.

PMID- 6435066
TI  - Titration streptomycin therapy for bilateral Meniere's disease: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - Intramuscular dosages of streptomycin sulfate were titrated in eight patients
      with bilateral Meniere's disease in an attempt to alleviate disabling vertigo and
      hearing loss. It appears possible to eliminate the vertiginous episodes, preserve
      or improve hearing, and avoid ataxia and oscillopsia in most of these
      individuals. At present we consider this treatment regimen our first choice of
      therapy in people with bilateral active Meniere's disease or in patients whose
      only hearing ear is actively fluctuating and in whom associated disabling vertigo
      is present. Great caution and supervision should be exercised in the use of
      streptomycin titration therapy in the individual with bilateral Meniere's
      disease, as further experience is required to determine the efficacy of this form
      of management.

PMID- 6435068
TI  - Tympanic membrane changes secondary to tympanostomy tube insertion in
      chinchillas.
AB  - Tympanostomy tubes were inserted in 16 chinchillas to study the effect on
      tympanic membrane morphology. Tympanic membranes were examined with an operating
      microscope after 72 hours and at weekly intervals thereafter. Three ears
      developed postoperative otorrhea. Except for the ears with otorrhea, all tympanic
      membranes remained gray and translucent. Histologically, granulation tissue and
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration occurred around the tympanostomy tube by
      7 days. With time this was replaced by a mature fibrous ring, which explained the
      tissue band observed otoscopically. In those tympanic membranes where the
      tympanostomy tube had extruded, healing occurred with an overly developed
      membrana propria. The middle ears of all experimental animals remained free of
      pathologic changes except for the three ears with otorrhea.

PMID- 6435067
TI  - Prospective crossover evaluation of four methods of clinical management of
      tinnitus.
AB  - This article summarizes data obtained from 34 tinnitus-afflicted patients who
      participated in and completed a prospective crossover evaluation of four methods
      of clinical management of tinnitus. The methods included a 2-week trial with each
      of the following: a tinnitus masker, a tinnitus instrument (a combination device
      consisting of a tinnitus masker and a hearing aid), a hearing aid, and
      conventional environmental controls. The relative effectiveness of each method of
      treatment was assessed by interview. The data presented summarize respondents'
      preferences for each method of treatment. Use of a tinnitus masker, tinnitus
      instrument, and hearing aid is related to stability of auditory thresholds.
      Comments are made on our experience with clinical management of the patient
      afflicted with tinnitus, and observations are offered on continued investigation
      in this area.

PMID- 6435069
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: the use of computerized tomography.
AB  - Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone is a rare condition characterized
      histologically by proliferation of fibrous tissue with scattered trabeculae of
      immature bone. Eighteen cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the temporal
      bone have been reported in the literature. The clinical course of temporal bone
      fibrous dysplasia is unpredictable. Potential complications include
      cholesteatoma, recurrence, and malignant transformation. Surgery has been the
      recommended treatment, but the indications, approach, and extent have not been
      clearly established. The introduction of computerized tomography with high
      resolution bone reconstruction is a significant advance in the therapeutic
      approach to temporal bone fibrous dysplasia. It accurately defines the extent of
      the disease within the temporal bone, and periodic scanning will reveal any
      progression. This information can be used to resolve many surgical dilemmas and
      to minimize secondary complications. This article includes a comprehensive review
      of the literature on temporal bone fibrous dysplasia and summarizes a case in
      which computerized tomography was used.

PMID- 6435070
TI  - Clinical aspects of the branchio-oto-renal syndrome.
AB  - The branchio-oto-renal syndrome, first defined in 1976, is an autosomal dominant
      disorder characterized by anomalies of the external, middle, and inner ear in
      association with preauricular sinuses, branchial cleft anomalies, and varying
      degrees of renal dysplasia, including aplasia. Less frequently expressed
      phenotypic abnormalities include lacrimal duct aplasia and the stigmata of renal
      dysgenesis known as Potter facies. Although the precise incidence of the disorder
      is unknown, it may be more common than is generally appreciated and appears to be
      distinct from other autosomal dominant otobranchial syndromes. Features of the
      syndrome expressed in three members of a family are fully illustrated, and other
      reported cases are compared with these to emphasize the importance of prompt,
      comprehensive otologic, head and neck, uroradiologic, and genetic evaluation and
      management.

PMID- 6435071
TI  - Primary myxoid liposarcoma of the larynx.

PMID- 6435072
TI  - Conservation surgery for laryngeal pseudosarcoma.

PMID- 6435074
TI  - A clinical voice laboratory: videotape and stroboscopic instrumentation.

PMID- 6435073
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the maxilla.

PMID- 6435075
TI  - Touma 45-degree crook-tipped 20- and 22-gauge suction tubes.

PMID- 6435076
TI  - The Mobile Treatment System.

PMID- 6435077
TI  - [Cadaverine and its possible role in parasite and host interrelations in
      ascaridiasis].
AB  - A comparative study of the formation process of cadaverine in tissues of
      ascarides, intestine and liver of hen was conducted. Data are given on the
      activity, pH-optimum of lysine decarboxylase obtained from tissues of helminth
      and its host. The question on a toxic role of cadaverine during helminthiasis is
      considered. It has been concluded that the accumulation of cadaverine in the
      host's intestine can break the permeability of the intestine walls and favour the
      penetration of toxins of helminths into the host's organism.

PMID- 6435078
TI  - DRG's: de revenue's gone!!

PMID- 6435079
TI  - DRGs: opportunity or crisis?

PMID- 6435080
TI  - Differences in thromboxane production between neonatal and adult platelets in
      response to arachidonic acid and epinephrine.
AB  - In this study, we have investigated the possible role of the pro-aggregatory
      arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite thromboxane, in the impaired function of
      neonatal platelets. In platelet-rich plasma thromboxane production (measured by
      radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2) was not different between neonates and adults
      when stimulated by thrombin (at 0.1 or 1.0 U/ml) or collagen (70 micrograms/ml)
      although neonatal platelets produced decreased thromboxane (TBX2) postepinephrine
      stimulation. In response to 1 U/ml thrombin, adult and neonatal platelet-rich
      plasmas produced mean values of 3.41 +/- 0.35 (SEM) and 3.11 +/- 0.49 pmol of
      TXB2/10(6) platelets, respectively. Production of TXB2 in response to 0.1 U/ml
      thrombin was not dissimilar between neonates (1.01 +/- 0.46 pmol) and adults
      (1.04 +/- 0.38 pmol). When collagen was used as the aggregating agent, TXB2
      production was also not significantly different with values of 2.44 +/- 0.48 and
      1.90 +/- 0.46 pmol/10(6) platelets produced by adult and neonatal platelet-rich
      plasma, respectively. In response to 200 microM epinephrine, adult platelets
      produced 1.03 +/- 0.39 pmol TXB2/10(6) platelets while neonatal platelet TXB2
      production was significantly decreased (0.15 +/- 0.04; P less than 0.05).
      Thromboxane production in response to AA, however, was markedly elevated in
      neonatal platelet-rich plasma. When 200 and 400 microM concentrations of AA were
      used as the aggregating stimuli, neonatal platelet rich plasma produced 3.17 +/-
      0.77 and 8.0 +/- 1.47 pmol TXB2/10(6) platelets, respectively. These values were
      significantly elevated P less than 0.02 and less than 0.005) when compared to
      mean values of 0.41 +/- 0.10 and 3.32 +/- 0.15 pmol in adult platelet-rich
      plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435081
TI  - Hypoxia stimulates prostacyclin synthesis by neonatal lungs.
AB  - Inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase augments hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction. We used a neonatal lamb lung preparation perfused with Krebs'
      bicarbonate buffer to characterize and quantify prostanoids produced by the
      pulmonary vasculature from endogenous arachidonic acid in the absence of formed
      blood elements during ventilation with normoxic and hypoxic gas mixtures.
      Prostaglandin (PG) I2 synthesis increased from 6.4 +/- 2.7 ng/min (SEM) during
      normoxic ventilation to 14.3 +/- 5.4 ng/min during hypoxia and returned to 4.7 +/
      1.2 ng/min with resumption of normoxia. These data demonstrate that hypoxia
      stimulates pulmonary vascular synthesis of prostaglandin I2 from endogenous
      substrate in neonatal lambs and suggest that the augmentation of hypoxic
      pulmonary vasoconstriction by prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibition is due, at
      least in part, to interference with the synthesis of this vasodilator prostanoid.

PMID- 6435082
TI  - Indomethacin and the cardiopulmonary adaptations of transition.
AB  - The present investigation examines the biochemical and physiologic changes
      produced in fetal rabbit lungs by adding a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor,
      sodium indomethacin trihydrate, to the pulmonary perfusate. A control group was
      similarly perfused without adding indomethacin. The ductus arteriosus was ligated
      and perfusion was then continued for 2 h while pulmonary artery pressures were
      monitored. At the end of this period, with perfusion continuing, the lungs were
      inflated with air at 5 cm H2O increments. Volume changes were recorded. After
      deflation, the lungs were lavaged with normal saline. Phospholipids were
      extracted from lung homogenates and lavage. Total lipid phosphorus was
      determined. Pulmonary vascular resistances in both groups manifested a sharp
      increase in pressure with ligation of the ductus. After 2 h of perfusion,
      pulmonary pressures in the control groups had returned very nearly to preligation
      levels, while in the indomethacin-treated group, pulmonary pressures remained
      significantly elevated. The first full inflation produced a slight fall in
      pulmonary vascular resistance in all control animals and a slight rise in all the
      treated rabbits. Perfused but untreated lungs had higher volumes during inflation
      as compared to both indomethacin-perfused lungs and unperfused untreated lungs.
      In this model, prostaglandins appear to have a significant role at two key points
      in transition: 1) the gradual accommodation to mechanically or hemodynamically
      mediated increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and 2) the drop in pulmonary
      vascular resistance which occurs with the first inflation of the lungs. No direct
      effect of prostaglandin inhibition on surfactant production was documented.

PMID- 6435083
TI  - Iodinated compounds and thyroxine binding to albumin in human breast milk.
AB  - Mature human milk samples from young healthy women on an equilibrated diet
      contained a mean of 81 ng/ml total iodine. Iodide represented a mean of 77% of
      the total iodine. Of the 22 ng/ml organic iodine, there was about 1 ng thyroxine
      and triiodothyronine and, after pepsin hydrolysis, up to 40% of organic iodine in
      monoiodotyrosine form. By electrophoresis, after incubation with radioactive
      thyroid hormone, we found an absence of binding on thyroxine-binding globulin,
      but thyroxine and triiodothyronine were bound to albumin with a maximal capacity
      50 times higher than in human serum. All these differences did not favor
      transport of iodinated compounds from maternal serum to milk. In conclusion, milk
      iodide was taken up by newborn thyroid to make thyroid hormones.

PMID- 6435084
TI  - Cholestatic effect of intraperitoneal administration of tryptophan to suckling
      rat pups.
AB  - The potential cholestatic effect of amino acids and metabolites of tryptophan
      were evaluated by use of seven daily intraperitoneal injections to suckling and
      weanling rat pups. Of the amino acids present in parenteral nutrition solutions,
      only tryptophan (given at a dose of 4 mM/kg) produced a significant (p less than
      0.01) elevation of serum cholylglycine (12.8 +/- 1.0 microM/liter) as determined
      by radioimmunoassay, compared to 4.9 +/- 0.4 microM/liter in saline-treated
      control animals. Total serum conjugates of cholic acid, as determined by
      radioimmunoassay, were similarly elevated, as was serum alanine aminotransferase.
      Tryptophan injection resulted in elevated cholylglycine concentrations only at
      doses of 3 mM/kg/day or higher. Animals more than 2 weeks old did not demonstrate
      elevation of serum cholylglycine. Injection of light-exposed tryptophan in
      suckling animals caused a greater elevation of cholylglycine (39.0 +/- 8.6
      microM/liter) than freshly prepared tryptophan solutions (p less than 0.005).
      Tryptophan and its spontaneous degradation products could contribute to the
      cholestatic liver changes observed during parenteral nutrition therapy.

PMID- 6435085
TI  - A double-blind study comparing the effectiveness of cromolyn sodium and sustained
      release theophylline in childhood asthma.
AB  - The effectiveness of cromolyn sodium and theophylline on asthma in children was
      compared during a 3-month trial. Forty-six children (aged 5 to 15 years) with
      asthma were assigned at random to cromolyn or theophylline (Theo-Dur) treatment
      groups. Each subject received theophylline placebo or cromolyn placebo in
      addition to the active drugs. A methacholine challenge test was done at the start
      of the study to document asthma and was repeated during the third month. The
      theophylline dosage was regulated to obtain serum levels of 10 to 15
      micrograms/mL by a physician not involved directly with patient care. Forty
      patients completed the study. Both theophylline and cromolyn treatment groups
      showed improvement from base-line status in terms of symptom scores, pulmonary
      function, and decreased use of inhaled albuterol. Patients treated with
      theophylline had more side effects and required more frequent office visits than
      those treated with cromolyn. Both groups had decreased sensitivity to
      methacholine, and for one statistical test patients treated with cromolyn
      improved significantly. These results indicate that cromolyn is as effective as
      theophylline in treating mild to moderate asthma in children; additional benefits
      were fewer side effects and a possible decrease in bronchial hyperactivity.

PMID- 6435086
TI  - Apnea documentation for determination of brain death in children.
AB  - Discontinuing ventilatory support for determination of respiratory drive is a
      recognized means of assessing clinical brain death. Methodology must include a
      means for assuring adequate oxygenation during the test as well as providing
      sufficient duration for appropriate hypercarbia. Nine patients with other
      findings of clinical brain death were prospectively assessed with a standardized
      apnea test protocol. None demonstrated spontaneous respirations. Whereas adequate
      oxygenation was maintained in each case, wide variability was evident in degree
      of hypercarbia and acidosis.

PMID- 6435088
TI  - Problems with human milk and infant formulas.

PMID- 6435087
TI  - Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on vascular prostacyclin formation in vitro.
AB  - Exposure to high oxygen (O2) concentrations, especially in the neonate, is
      associated with the development of pathologic syndromes characterized by vascular
      involvement including the retinopathy of prematurity. Some of the initial
      vascular changes observed appear consistent with a reduction in prostacyclin
      formation. Exposure of human umbilical arteries to oxygen resulted in more than
      30% inhibition in the ability of the vessels to produce prostacyclin either from
      endogenous stores of arachidonic acid or from exogenously provided substrate. In
      contrast, hypoxia (which more closely approximates the fetal environment)
      resulted in more than 30% stimulation in the production of prostacyclin from
      either endogenous or exogenous arachidonic acid. When microsomes were prepared
      from treated arterial segments, these effects persisted. In vitro results suggest
      that neonates exposed to O2 after delivery may experience a marked decrease in
      vascular prostacyclin formation. Inhibition of the production of this potent
      vasodilator and antithrombotic metabolite could play an important role in the
      acute exudative phase of O2 toxicity.

PMID- 6435089
TI  - Mortality and infectious disease associated with infant-feeding practices in
      developing countries.

PMID- 6435090
TI  - [Development of primary tuberculosis and the mechanisms of protective reactions].

PMID- 6435091
TI  - Metabolic CO2 production by isolated single pieces of rat distal nephron
      segments.
AB  - A method is described which allowed in-vitro measurements of metabolic CO2
      production from [U-14C]-substrates by single pieces of kidney tubules. The
      tubules were isolated by microdissection from collagenase treated rat kidneys.
      Single pieces of various distal nephrons portions were incubated in 1 microliter
      of bicarbonate free minimum essential medium containing the required [U-14C]
      substrate (about 0.2 mu Ci per sample), and the 14CO2 produced was continuously
      trapped into a 2-microliter KOH droplet. The KOH droplets were replaced every 30
      min. Metabolic CO2 production from the labelled substrate used was calculated as
      picomoles CO2 per mm of tubular length per minute, by dividing the KOH
      radioactivity by the specific radioactivity per carbon of the substrate present
      in the incubate [( U-14C] plus cold substrate concentrations). Under these
      conditions, it was established that single pieces of tubule could sustain almost
      constant CO2 production for at least 2 h at 31 degrees C. Experiments testing
      four different conditions with five to six replicate samples per condition were
      performed in order to compare oxidative metabolism in medullary (MAL) and
      cortical (CAL) thick ascending limbs, medullary (MCT) and cortical (CCT)
      collecting tubules and, in a few instances, proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and
      early distal convoluted tubules (DCT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435092
TI  - [Two route infusion therapy of cisplatin using balloon catheter for primary liver
      cancer--with special reference to its provisional effects and side effects].

PMID- 6435093
TI  - Phenolic aminocarboxylic acids as gallium-binding radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The phenolic aminocarboxylic acids ethylenediamine di [o-hydroxyphenylacetic
      acid] (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis [2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid
      (HBED) form gallium complexes having high stability constants which enable them
      to resist exchange of gallium with plasma transferrin. 67Ga complexes were
      synthesized with these ligands, placing substituent groups in the phenolic ring
      to direct excretion via the renal or hepatobiliary route. The amount of 67Ga-Br
      EDDHA excreted via the hepatobiliary route was comparable with that of some of
      the 99mTc agents. Excretion of 67Ga-Br-HBED was similar but with delayed transit
      from the liver. 67Ga COOH-EDDHA was excreted exclusively via the renal route.
      These findings provide a basis for developing new 67Ga or 68Ga
      radiopharmaceuticals, the latter for use in positron emission tomography, using
      these phenolic aminocarboxylates.

PMID- 6435094
TI  - [Free thyroid hormones in pregnancy].
AB  - The following parameters were measured in 95 euthyroid subjects and in 55 healthy
      pregnant women: TT4, TT3, rT3, RT3-Uptake, TSH, FT4 and FT3. In addition, FT4
      index, TT4/TBG, FT3-index, TT3/TBG and the balance of free hormone indices were
      calculated. The results of FT4 and FT3 measurement indicated an euthyroid status
      in late pregnancy. Though the FT4 and FT3 levels were significantly lower than
      those of the euthyroid subjects, they did not fall outside the normal range.

PMID- 6435095
TI  - [Lithium as an adjuvant in the radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer].
AB  - 14 patients were, after surgery for thyroid cancer, given radioiodine to ablate
      residual thyroid tissue, and, in addition, lithium carbonate. In 8 patients
      increasing serum lithium levels between 0.3 and 0.9 mmol/l and in 6 patients a
      constant level higher than 0.9 mmol/l were achieved. The radioiodine kinetics
      were compared with a control group of 16 patients without lithium therapy.
      Neither in a low nor in a high dosage the lithium medication could increase 131I
      uptake or prolong its effective half-life in the residual thyroid. Thus with
      lithium an increase of tumor dose could not be achieved. We suggest that in our
      patients the effect of lithium on thyroid metabolism was compensated by the
      enormous TSH-stimulation after thyroidectomy.

PMID- 6435096
TI  - Nursing care for survivors of sudden cardiac death.
AB  - The development of four new antiarrhythmic drugs offers promise for the treatment
      of patients who survive an episode of sudden cardiac death. Medical treatment,
      however, remains somewhat empirical, reflecting continued lack of total
      understanding of arrhythmogenesis and the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs
      required for suppression and control of arrhythmias. Further, although the value
      of such treatment cannot be underestimated, a healthy respect for the potential
      risk of arrhythmia aggravation by all of these drugs is warranted. The management
      of these patients presents a tremendous challenge for both physicians and nurses:
      physicians are responsible primarily for the definition of type, location, and
      severity of the arrhythmia; nurses focus primarily on the patient's response to
      illness and treatment in terms of its potential impact on their lifestyle. The
      clear focus for each discipline is necessary for development of a more purposeful
      and comprehensive treatment plan for the patient. As survival of sudden cardiac
      death increases, a number of patient responses, emotional and physical, have been
      noted clinically. The concept of nursing diagnosis can serve as a frame of
      reference from which nurses can begin to more scientifically evaluate their
      impact on patient care. Most importantly, it will contribute to an improvement in
      the care of patients whose lives have been so disrupted by the unpredictable
      nature of the arrhythmia and the investigational nature of treatment.

PMID- 6435097
TI  - Heart and lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary vascular hypertension.

PMID- 6435098
TI  - Glutaraldehyde purity and stability: implications for preparation, storage, and
      use as a pulpotomy agent.

PMID- 6435099
TI  - [Protein C--a selective inhibitor of blood coagulation].

PMID- 6435100
TI  - Morphological survey of neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons in the
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Neurotensin-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya, fibers and terminals in in
      the rat hypothalamus were investigated by light and electron microscopic
      immunocytochemistry. Distributional density and pattern of these elements were
      clarified. Fine structure of immunoreactive neuronal perikarya with respect to
      development of cell organellae and immunoreactive dense granules was also
      elucidated. Features of immunoreactive processes, dendrites and preterminal axons
      were examined electron microscopically. In addition to the above findings by
      light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, we examined the coexistence
      of dopamine and neurotensin-like immunoreactive substances in these same neurons
      in the arcuate and periventricular nuclei. This was proved by the application of
      fluorescence histochemistry and immunocytochemistry on the same sections.
      Moreover, we speculated that the ascending noradrenergic neurons influence the
      neurotensin immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus since a marked
      decrease in the number of neurotensin-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya was
      observed after transection of ascending noradrenergic pathway.

PMID- 6435101
TI  - The distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rhesus monkey
      spinal cord.
AB  - The distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the Rhesus monkey
      spinal cord was studied using a highly specific antibody to TRH and the indirect
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. TRH-positive fibers were found at all levels
      of the spinal cord and were in greatest concentration in the ventral gray,
      intermediolateral column and central gray. All motor nuclear groups in lamina IX
      of the ventral gray were innervated by TRH, frequently in close association with
      perikarya of alpha-motoneurons. The motor nuclei in the lumbar cord were the most
      heavily stained and contrasted to the minimal staining in the retrodorsolateral
      nuclear groups of the cervical, thoracic and sacral cord. Within the
      intermediolateral column, which contains the majority of preganglionic
      sympathetic neurons, TRH terminal fields reached their highest density between T2
      T4 and T12-L2. Other preganglionic neurons including the nucleus intercalatus
      spinalis and the dorsal commissural nucleus were also densely innervated. These
      studies demonstrate the preferential distribution of TRH in the monkey spinal
      cord to regions containing alpha-motoneurons and preganglionic neurons and
      indicate that TRH may play an important role in the regulation of motor function
      and in the autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 6435102
TI  - Biologic tests in psychiatry.
AB  - Neurobiologic research has discovered a number of abnormalities that might serve
      as biologic markers for specific psychiatric disorders. Tests for these markers
      could aid in differential diagnosis and in the choice and monitoring of
      treatment. Tests with potential clinical utility in affective illness (unipolar
      and bipolar depression and mania), panic disorder, and schizophrenia are
      discussed.

PMID- 6435103
TI  - [Use of a polyvalent vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in severely burned
      patients].

PMID- 6435104
TI  - [Effect of EDTA on the bacterial flora of burn wounds].

PMID- 6435105
TI  - Hormonal effects on zinc concentration and morphology of rat lateral prostate
      gland.
AB  - Hypophysectomized rats were injected with prolactin and/or testosterone, and
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin and/or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
      Tissue from the lateral prostate was processed for spectrophotometric
      determination of zinc and for electron microscopy. Changes in zinc concentration,
      epithelial height, and morphological characteristics were used to assess the
      effect of hormonal replacement on functional activity. Although testosterone
      administration resulted in full restoration of all parameters, there was no
      evidence of a synergistic effect of prolactin and testosterone. Prolactin alone
      decreased the zinc concentration and increased the epithelial height compared
      with control animals, and there was evidence of epithelial hyperplasia.
      Luteinizing hormone, alone or combined with prolactin or prolactin and FSH,
      resulted in a marked increase of epithelial height and restoration of
      morphological features found in intact animals; however, only a slight increase
      of zinc concentration over control values was elicited. Combined LH and FSH
      administration reduced epithelial height and zinc concentration compared with the
      other LH regimes, and there was evidence of cellular degeneration.

PMID- 6435106
TI  - Mast-cell-derived mediators in asthma. Arachidonic acid metabolites.

PMID- 6435107
TI  - Therapeutic inhalation agents and devices. Effectiveness in asthma and
      bronchitis.
AB  - Although a variety of therapeutic agents can be given as aerosols, the physical
      problems involved in delivering the drug to the peripheral airways have often
      been ignored. Therapeutic aerosols are deposited in the respiratory tract by two
      chief mechanisms--inertial impaction (in the oropharynx and in large conducting
      airways) and gravitational sedimentation (in small conducting airways and in
      alveoli). In practice, only about 10% of the aerosol dose reaches the lungs from
      metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and nebulizers, and rather less from dry-powder
      inhalers. Changes in either aerosol particle size or inhalation mode can optimize
      the amount of aerosol delivered to the peripheral lung regions by each device.
      The inhaled route has several advantages over oral and intravenous administration
      for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, ie, a rapid onset of drug action, a
      small drug dose, and a low incidence of systemic side effects. Although various
      disadvantages or problems have been proposed for the inhaled route, these seem to
      be of minor importance. Drugs inhaled from MDIs, dry-powder inhalers, or
      nebulizers are thought to be safe if used in the recommended manner.

PMID- 6435108
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome--II. Management.

PMID- 6435109
TI  - Myxoedema presenting as epilepsy.
AB  - A case of myxoedema presenting as epilepsy is described. In myxoedematous
      patients without demonstrable cause for their fits, the epilepsy commonly
      responds to thyroid replacement therapy alone. In this patient, control of
      hypertension was ineffective in eradicating fits. The association between
      myxoedema and epilepsy, though previously reported, is surprisingly uncommon and
      represents a good prognosis within new epileptics.

PMID- 6435110
TI  - The role of 17 beta-estradiol in the recovery from oviductal prolapse in layers.
AB  - Plasma 17 beta-estradiol concentrations, thecal estrogen content, and uterine
      prostaglandin synthetase activity were measured in healthy and prolapsed hens as
      well as in layers that recovered after exposure to low intensity lighting (250 or
      50 lx). The effect of estradiol benzoate injections (100 ng, 3 X per week) in
      hens exposed to high intensity light (greater than 500 lx) was also studied.
      Prolapsed hens had significantly lower plasma 17 beta-estradiol concentrations
      (60 +/- 12 pg/ml; mean +/- SEM) than recovered (374 +/- 40 pg/ml) or healthy hens
      (475 +/- 45 pg/ml). Theca cells from recovered hens had a significantly higher
      content of 17 beta-estradiol (.7 ng/5 X 10(5) cells) than theca cells from normal
      or prolapsed birds (.3 ng/5 X 10(5) cells). Microsomes prepared from the uteri of
      prolapsed hens converted significantly less arachidonic acid to prostaglandin
      metabolites (4.4%) than did microsomes from healthy or recovered birds (9.0%).
      Treatment of prolapsed hens with estradiol benzoate resulted in 89% of the birds
      recovering within 3 weeks compared to a 4% recovery rate in the controls. We
      conclude that restoration of peripheral 17 beta-estradiol concentrations to
      normal levels was concomitant with recovery in prolapsed birds, and suggest that
      the estrogen exerts its effect by raising the level of prostaglandin synthetase
      activity in the uterus.

PMID- 6435111
TI  - [Complicated course of treatment in hemophilia A after dental extraction].

PMID- 6435112
TI  - [Possibilities for using capnography within the scope of inhalation provocation
      tests].

PMID- 6435113
TI  - [Respiratory regulation in infancy].

PMID- 6435114
TI  - [Frequent errors in the therapy of chronic obstructive airway diseases].

PMID- 6435115
TI  - [Use of immunocytochemistry in practical diagnosis by the pathologist. Areas of
      use--methods--cost planning].

PMID- 6435116
TI  - [Isolation of bacteria from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic
      alcoholism].

PMID- 6435117
TI  - [Clinico-bacteriological characteristics of tuberculosis of peripheral lymph
      nodes].

PMID- 6435118
TI  - Site-specific carcinogen binding to DNA.
AB  - Benzo[alpha]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) is a well-studied environmental carcinogen
      that binds covalently to DNA. Here we describe a photochemical technique that
      allows us to map BPDE-binding sites within cloned gene sequences. The technique
      is based upon our observation that, when irradiated with laser light at 355 nm,
      one single-strand DNA cut is produced at each BPDE binding site. In initial
      experiments we have studied the distribution of such cuts in cloned DNA from the
      chicken adult beta-globin gene. We find that BPDE binding in this gene sequence
      is distinctly nonrandom. While several prominent BPDE-binding sites are evident,
      a 300-base-pair sequence immediately 5' to the RNA cap site is most strongly
      attacked by the carcinogen. This region is believed to contain important
      transcriptional control sequences. We discuss the possibility that sequence
      specific binding to such regulatory elements may be an important feature of the
      mechanism of the carcinogen.

PMID- 6435119
TI  - An improved procedure for immunoelectron microscopy: ultrathin plastic embedding
      of immunolabeled ultrathin frozen sections.
AB  - Ultrathin frozen sections are ideal substrates with which to carry out
      immunolabeling experiments in electron microscopy. However, the ultrastructural
      delineation in positively stained frozen sections has not been as detailed as in
      conventionally osmium-stained and plastic-embedded sections. We now describe a
      simple technique in which immunolabeled ultrathin frozen sections are
      subsequently treated with osmium tetroxide, dehydrated, and then embedded in
      plastic by impregnation with a monomer to the thickness of the section, followed
      by polymerization of the monomer. By this technique ultrastructural definition as
      good as that of conventional plastic sections is achieved, while the high density
      and specificity of immunolabeling characteristic of ultrathin frozen sections are
      retained.

PMID- 6435120
TI  - Multiple gene deletions within the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain cluster.
AB  - Two subjects, of 11,000 healthy individuals screened, were found to be missing
      three and four immunoglobulin isotypes, respectively (IgA1, IgG2, and IgG4; IgA1,
      IgG2, IgG4, and IgE), and have been analyzed at the DNA level by means of
      Southern blotting and Ig heavy-chain-specific probes. A broad deletion within the
      heavy-chain constant region (C) gene cluster was found on chromosome 14 of both
      probands. Two different haplotypes are described: the first has lost the C alpha
      1, C psi gamma, C gamma 2, C gamma 4, and C epsilon genes; the second lacks the C
      psi epsilon, C alpha 1, C psi gamma, C gamma 2, and C gamma 4 genes. These
      findings confirm the reciprocal order of the Ig heavy-chain genes as derived by
      molecular cloning. The inclusion of the C psi gamma gene within the deleted
      regions confirms its location between C alpha 1 and C gamma 2. From the observed
      frequency of the homozygous genotype, 1%-3% of healthy subjects from our
      population are expected to be heterozygous for multiple heavy-chain gene
      deletions. Cross-over between mispaired homologous regions seems to be the
      favored mechanism of multiple Ig gene deletions and duplications, and, generally,
      in the evolution of the human Ig heavy-chain gene family.

PMID- 6435121
TI  - Somatic mutation of the T15 heavy chain gives rise to an antibody with
      autoantibody specificity.
AB  - The S107 IgA kappa-chain myeloma cell line makes an antiphosphocholine antibody
      of the T15 idiotype. A somatic mutant of this line, U4, makes an immunoglobulin
      with a single amino acid substitution of an alanine for a glutamic acid at
      residue 35. This single amino acid change results in a loss of phosphocholine
      binding activity. However, the U4 immunoglobulin has acquired reactivity with a
      variety of phosphorylated macromolecules, including double-stranded DNA,
      protamine, and cardiolipin. Thus, a single amino acid change in the T15 heavy
      chain can transform an antibacterial antibody into an antibody that resembles the
      autoantibodies seen in mice and man with autoimmune disease.

PMID- 6435122
TI  - Suppression of the first stage of phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate-effected
      tumor promotion in mouse skin by nontoxic inhibition of DNA synthesis.
AB  - In order to evaluate the significance of epidermal cell proliferation for the
      first stage of skin tumor promotion, the effect of hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor
      of DNA synthesis, on tumor formation was studied. Mice initiated with 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene received a single dose of phorbol 12-myristate 13
      acetate (PMA) in stage I of promotion, followed by twice weekly application of
      the irritant skin mitogen phorbol 12-retinoate 13-acetate in stage II. A single
      dose of HU given intraperitoneally at different times before or after treatment
      with PMA was found to interfere with tumor formation, exhibiting an almost
      complete inhibition if administered 18 hr after PMA--i.e., at the time of maximal
      DNA synthesis. The inhibition of tumor formation by HU in the two-stage promotion
      experiment did not prevent a subsequent promotion of cells by repetitive PMA
      treatment. This indicates that the inhibitory effect of HU was due neither to
      cytotoxicity (killing of initiated cells) nor to an interference with initiation.
      The data indicate that epidermal DNA synthesis is obligatory for PMA-induced
      first-stage promotion. The causal relationship between both events remains to be
      established.

PMID- 6435123
TI  - mu-2: mutator gene in Drosophila that potentiates the induction of terminal
      deficiencies.
AB  - An x-ray-dependent mutator on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster is
      described that specifically increases the recovery of deletions for chromosomal
      tip regions. Such deficiencies can be induced on any chromosome. More centromere
      proximal mutations, as assayed by the sex-linked recessive lethal test, are not
      increased over the wild-type control. As far as can be determined by genetic,
      cytological, and molecular assays, the deletions extend to the very end of the
      chromosome involved. In addition, the frequency of these deletions is directly
      proportional to x-ray dose, suggesting that they are one-break rearrangements. It
      is proposed that the mutator is blocked in a major pathway for the repair of DNA
      double-strand breaks, and that a minor repair pathway is responsible for the
      addition of new telomeres under these conditions.

PMID- 6435124
TI  - Diversity at the variable-joining region boundary of lambda light chains has a
      pronounced effect on immunoglobulin ligand-binding activity.
AB  - By recombining lambda light (L) chains having known variable (V) region amino
      acid or nucleotide sequences with a heavy (H) chain from a myeloma protein or a
      monoclonal antibody, we obtained reconstituted Igs that differed from each other
      in sequence by only one or a few amino acid substitutions at known L chain
      positions. Differences in affinity of the reconstituted Igs for 2,4-dinitrophenyl
      (DNP) ligands revealed a pronounced effect on Ig binding activity of amino acids
      at the V-J boundary of the lambda chains. In one instance, two reconstituted Igs
      that differed about 1000-fold in affinity for epsilon-DNP-aminocaproate differed
      in primary structure by only a single tyrosine-phenylalanine substitution at the
      V-J junction (position 98) of their lambda 2 chains--i.e., by only one out of
      approximately 660 amino acid residues (L + H chains). By focusing on affinity
      changes, chains with unusual V lambda-J lambda junctional residues were
      identified. It is possible that because of a critical effect on tertiary
      structure junctional amino acid variations arising from gene segment assembly
      (V/J and perhaps V/D/J) constitute an important source of ligand-binding
      diversity of antibodies.

PMID- 6435125
TI  - Increased expression of Ia antigens on resting B cells: an additional role for B
      cell growth factor.
AB  - The present studies demonstrate that both T-cell-derived supernatants containing
      B-cell growth factor (BCGF or BSF) and a partially purified preparation of the B
      cell growth factor (BSF-p1) induce an increase in the expression of IA and IE
      encoded antigens on small resting B cells. This increase is detectable by 6-8 hr
      after initiation of culture and is relatively selective, since levels of surface
      immunoglobulin and H-2 antigens do not increase to the same extent. Although
      interferon-gamma induces increased expression of Ia antigens on macrophages and
      dividing neoplastic B cells, it does not induce an increase in the expression of
      Ia antigens on resting B cells. These results demonstrate that BSF-p1 may play
      two roles: (i) it acts on resting B cells to increase the levels of Ia antigen
      expression; and (ii) it sustains the growth of B cells that have been previously
      activated with mitogens, antigens, or anti-Ig.

PMID- 6435126
TI  - Selective destruction of a host blood cell type by a parasitoid wasp.
AB  - Foreign objects that enter the hemocoel of Drosophila melanogaster larvae are
      encapsulated by one type of blood cell, the lamellocyte, yet eggs of the
      parasitoid wasp Leptopilina heterotoma remain unencapsulated in D. melanogaster
      larval hosts that have many lamellocytes. Here we demonstrate that shortly after
      a female wasp oviposits in the hemocoel the lamellocytes undergo morphological
      changes and lose their adhesiveness. These affected blood cells are eventually
      destroyed as the parasitoid egg continues its development. The factor responsible
      for lamellocyte destruction, lamellolysin, is contained in an accessory gland of
      the female reproductive system and is injected along with the egg into the host
      hemocoel. Lamellolysin does not alter the morphology or the defense functions of
      the other types of blood cells in the host.

PMID- 6435128
TI  - Effects of chemically induced immune modulation on infectious diseases of fish.

PMID- 6435127
TI  - Adenosine release from stimulated mast cells.
AB  - Adenosine release has been documented in lung tissue exposed to hypoxic
      conditions or antigen challenge. Exogenous adenosine potentiates mediator release
      from stimulated rat serosal and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. To
      investigate the production and release of adenosine from stimulated mast cells,
      rat serosal mast cells were purified on metrizamide gradients, sensitized with
      anti-dinitrophenol IgE for 30 min at 37 degrees C, and challenged in the presence
      of 1 microM deoxycoformycin with either dinitrophenol-conjugated bovine serum
      albumin antigen, the calcium ionophore A23187, or compound 48/80. Reactions were
      terminated by centrifugation, and the supernatants and pellets were assayed for
      adenosine and ATP content, respectively, by high performance liquid
      chromatography. The adenosine concentration of the supernatants increased from
      0.036 +/- 0.003 nmol per 10(6) cells to 0.049, 0.056, and 0.129 nmol per 10(6)
      cells 60 sec after challenge with antigen, 48/80, or A23187, respectively. After
      ionophore stimulation, increased extracellular adenosine was evident by 15 sec,
      peaked by 60 sec, and remained constant for at least 5 min. A significant decline
      in stimulated ATP levels was observed within 30 sec, suggesting that the enhanced
      adenosine concentrations may result from the breakdown of ATP. Cultured mouse
      bone marrow-derived mast cells under similar conditions also displayed augmented
      extracellular adenosine levels with A23187 challenge. This endogenous source of
      adenosine may act locally through a positive feedback mechanism to potentiate
      immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

PMID- 6435129
TI  - Role of the clinical immunology (veterinary) laboratory in determination of
      immunoglobulin abnormalities.
AB  - The focus of this discussion was to review selected immunologic techniques that
      can be helpful in characterizing immunoglobulin abnormalities. These methods are
      excellent tools to examine either subtle or drastic alterations in immunoglobulin
      production that may have arisen from modulation of the immune system with
      chemicals or selected drugs. It is important to stress that the immune
      abnormalities described and the methods used to evaluate these disorders do not
      separate the human and animal patient. In fact, some of the immunodeficiencies
      and autoimmune disorders outlined occur with striking similarity in both hosts.
      Therefore, expanding and improving the benefits of clinical immunology can
      provide better diagnosis and management of immunologic mediated disorders in both
      species.

PMID- 6435130
TI  - Proliferative response of chicken T- and B-lymphocytes to mitogens.

PMID- 6435131
TI  - The role of glucan in the prevention and modification of microparasitic diseases.

PMID- 6435132
TI  - Immunostimulatory activity of Ecteinascidia turbinata (Ete) extract on a variety
      of animal species.

PMID- 6435133
TI  - T-dependent and T-independent PFC responses of chickens.

PMID- 6435134
TI  - Further comments on 1744 bladder tumors.

PMID- 6435135
TI  - Avoiding complications with radical cystectomy.

PMID- 6435136
TI  - [Comparison of the pharmacokinetic behavior of Turivital, Acesal and Micristin].
AB  - The 3 acetylsalicylic acid preparations showed at normal patients at the same
      elimination phase no significant differences concerning the bioavailability
      (comparison of the area under the concentration-time-curve). The absorption
      kinetics of the preparations were different: the time up to the maximum serum
      concentration was at Turivital with 1,3 +/- 0,7 h and Micristin (2,1 +/- 0,8 h)
      the shortest, because the resorption delay was at Turivital the smallest.
      Absorption constant, fictive initial concentration and maximum concentration in
      serum are nearly the same in all 3 preparations.

PMID- 6435138
TI  - The effect of therapeutic x-radiation on a sample of pacemaker generators.

PMID- 6435137
TI  - The effect of beam angulation on central axis per cent depth dose for 4-29 MeV
      electrons.
AB  - Electron beams are playing an increasing role in the areas of intraoral and
      intraoperative radiotherapy. Because of the way the electron beams are used in
      these two procedures, they are rarely incident normally on the surface of the
      tissue to be treated, but are inclined at some angle. Previous work has shown
      that when low-energy electron beams are used in this way, the per cent depth-dose
      curves, when measured along the oblique axis (the central axis of the beam) show
      a decrease compared with normal incidence. To quantify this effect in detail the
      per cent depth dose distributions of electron beams in the energy range 4-29 MeV
      have been studied as a function of their angle of incidence with respect to the
      normal (phi) between 0 and 60 degrees. The curves for different phi are compared
      by plotting the per cent depth dose along the central axis in each case: at low
      energies, this decreases as phi increases, while at the highest energies, the
      change is very small. The surface dose also changes, increasing with phi at low
      energies and decreasing at high energies.

PMID- 6435139
TI  - An electronic readout for radiotherapy treatment couch rotation.

PMID- 6435140
TI  - Porphyrin photosensitization and carotenoid protection in mice; in vitro and in
      vivo studies.

PMID- 6435141
TI  - Caffeine-enhanced photomovement in the ciliate, Stentor coeruleus.

PMID- 6435142
TI  - A test of the carbon-nitrogen balance technique to measure body composition of
      exercising animals.
AB  - Four randomly selected male Wistar rats were placed in separate metabolic
      chambers containing torqued Wahmann activity wheels. Quantitative collection of
      expired CO2, feces, and urine were carried out and the Carbon-Nitrogen balance
      technique was used to determine the changes in body composition of exercised
      animals during sequential, 48-hour periods. The behavioral contigency
      significantly increased running performance and weight gain. The weight of all
      body compartments, with the exception of body fat, increased significantly.
      Increased exercise significantly increased heat production. Sufficient data were
      gathered to permit discussion of individual animals and their adaptations and
      responses to the running contingencies.

PMID- 6435143
TI  - The failure of ventricular sodium to control sodium appetite in the rat.
AB  - Dilution of CSF sodium by infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol into the cerebral
      ventricles of the rat does not evoke a salt appetite, nor does the addition of
      sodium to the CSF of the rat suppress the preexisting salt appetites produced by
      the hormones of sodium conservation or by adrenalectomy. CSF sodium concentration
      does not control sodium appetite in the rat. The proposal that it does so in
      sheep should not be generalized to other species without caution.

PMID- 6435144
TI  - Cyanoacrylate ester adhesive: a versatile tool in experimental surgery.
AB  - Cyanoacrylate ester adhesive is useful in experimental surgery in rodents and
      other animals for closing skin and muscle incisions, securing cannulae in place,
      and securing dental acrylic to bone. Both laboratories reporting here found
      independently that the technique used in applying cyanoacrylate for wound
      closures is important. Very small droplets of adhesive must be applied. A device
      for this purpose is described.

PMID- 6435145
TI  - [Clinical significance of sleep status following-large scale epileptic attacks
      (grand mal)].
AB  - Certain clinical criteria of grand mal seizures, and particularly the post
      convulsive sleep phase (PCS), appear to be manifestations of some more deep
      rooted disturbance of the functional cerebral mechanisms. The symptoms of the
      chronic organic psychosyndrome were observed distinctly more often in patients
      with PCS than in those without it. The frequency of seizures is also important
      when considering the cause of chronic brain damage. Etiological aspects
      (genuinely-symptomatological) appear to be of secondary importance.

PMID- 6435146
TI  - Generality of free-operant avoidance conditioning to human behavior.

PMID- 6435147
TI  - Behavioral control of intractable idiopathic seizures: I. Self-regulation of end
      tidal carbon dioxide.
AB  - Eleven women and seven men with moderate to severe chronic hyperventilation and
      idiopathic seizures refractory to therapeutic serum levels of anticonvulsant
      medication were given diaphragmatic respiration training with percent end-tidal
      CO2 biofeedback. The training had a rapid correcting effect on their respiration,
      making it comparable to that of 18 asymptomatic control subjects. Ten of the
      seizure-group subjects were in the study at least 7 months and following
      treatment, 8 showed EEG power spectrum "normalization", restoration of cardio
      respiratory synchrony (RSA), and their seizure frequency and severity were
      significantly reduced.

PMID- 6435148
TI  - Ventilatory response to CO2. I. A psychobiologic marker of the respiratory
      system.
AB  - When a gas mixture containing CO2 is breathed by a healthy subject, alveolar
      ventilation is increased. The ratio delta ventilation/delta PCO2 has been termed
      the ventilatory response to CO2 (S). Since the development of a rebreathing
      method in 1967, it has proved easy to measure this index of the regulation of
      ventilation. This index, although showing considerable interindividual variation
      (range, 0.5-9 liters/min/mm PCO2), tends to be consistent over time for any given
      individual. Positive correlations between S and personality traits such as
      anxiety, extroversion, and aggression and negative correlations between S and
      certain scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI:
      depression, psychopathology, psychasthenia, and social introversion) have been
      found in previous studies. It was hypothesized that S may be a psychobiologic
      marker of the respiratory system. A project in which 82 normal subjects (50 male,
      32 female) were studied with both psychologic (Eysenck Personality Inventory,
      Catell 16PF, and 168-item MMPI) and rebreathing tests was undertaken to
      investigate this possibility further. A strong correlation between S and neurotic
      personality traits was found, but this correlation appeared valid only in female
      subjects.

PMID- 6435149
TI  - Ventilatory response to CO2. II. Studies in neurotic psychiatric patients and
      practitioners of transcendental meditation.
AB  - The prominence of respiratory symptoms in patients with neurotic psychiatric
      disorders is noted and the literature on the control of respiration is reviewed
      to attempt to explain this finding. A previous study demonstrated a positive
      correlation between the ventilatory response to CO2 (S) and neurotic personality
      traits in a group of normal subjects. This study attempted to follow up this
      finding and hypothesized that a group of neurotically disturbed patients would
      have a higher S value and a group of individuals who practiced a calming
      technique such as transcendental meditation (TM) would have a lower S value than
      normal subjects. The second hypothesis was confirmed, but not the first, in that
      the neurotically disturbed patients had the lowest mean values for S of the three
      groups, rather than the highest. Particular characteristics of the sample of
      psychiatric patients cast doubt, however, on the validity of this finding. Three
      additional findings of this study were that anxious, depressive, and
      hyperventilating subject groups were no different from one another in terms of S
      values; that very experienced TM practitioners (sidhas) could significantly lower
      their ventilatory response to CO2 in the meditating state as compared to the
      nonmeditating alert state; and that the S value did not increase in two male
      subjects with endogenous depression after successful treatment with
      electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 6435150
TI  - C3-activator and serum immunoglobulin levels in the midwestern Nigerian.

PMID- 6435151
TI  - AIDS research: charting new directions.

PMID- 6435152
TI  - Application of epidemiology in community oriented primary care.
AB  - Community oriented primary care (COPC) is the integrated practice of primary
      health care and community medicine, bringing together the care of individuals and
      the care of the community and its subgroups. Epidemiology plays an indispensable
      role in COPC. The specific features of epidemiology as it is applied in COPC
      include its pragmatic purpose, its locale, its content, its scale, its specific
      relevance to the community health programs of the practice, and its clinical
      setting. The functions of epidemiology in the phases of program development are
      in the appraisal of needs and priorities, in community diagnosis and health
      surveillance, in the formulation of objectives and targets, in the choice of
      strategies and the identification of target groups, and in the implementation,
      monitoring, and evaluation of programs--as well as in the stimulation of
      community involvement and as an aid to the clinical management of individual
      patients. Teaching the epidemiologic skills that are required for COPC
      necessitates exposure to an epidemiology curriculum which deals with these
      features and to a COPC practice. An urgent need exists to develop units that will
      practice, teach, and demonstrate COPC--units in which practitioners, teachers,
      and students can gain experience and develop, test, and evaluate approaches to
      the provision of COPC.

PMID- 6435153
TI  - Second binational symposium: United States-Israel. Papers on the role of
      epidemiology in assessment of need, program development, and resource allocation.

PMID- 6435154
TI  - Community-oriented primary care: epidemiology's role in the future of primary
      care.

PMID- 6435155
TI  - Aging of the population of a city and its implications for hospital-based
      services: the example of Tel Aviv-Yaffo.
AB  - The Tel Aviv (Israel) Medical Center serves an area with 270,000 residents, more
      than 20 percent of whom are over 65 years of age. This high proportion of elderly
      patients and increasing costs of hospitalization have prompted the center to
      develop alternative health care services that have made it possible for a number
      of aged patients to remain at home and ambulatory. Two such alternatives to
      hospitalization--the center's Day Care Clinic and Home Care Clinic--are described
      and estimates of savings in hospitalization costs are presented.

PMID- 6435156
TI  - Planning community-oriented primary care in Israel.
AB  - The concept of primary care in the Kupat Holim Health Insurance Institution
      encompasses all the stages of health: the promotion of health, personal
      preventive care, curative care, and rehabilitation in the community. Primary care
      is, thus, the foundation of this nationwide comprehensive health insurance and
      health care delivery system; Kupat Holim covers 3.2 million people, close to 80
      percent of Israel's total population in 1983. Primary care clinics in the
      community are the main focus of care and have undergone changes in the types of
      health care providers and functions as population characteristics change. In this
      system, the planning process allows constant review of changing needs and demands
      and the introduction of new functions. The main approaches to planning primary
      care that are presented deal with team members and the division of work in the
      community clinic, manpower training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and
      the content of primary care. Current trends include the extension of services
      provided to the patient in his home as well as the clinic and greater emphasis on
      preventive care. The interrelationship between policy and planning for primary
      care is strengthened by the linkage between financer, provider, and consumer in
      Kupat Holim. The planning process must make optimal use of this linkage to guide
      those responsible for health policy in implementing effective change.

PMID- 6435157
TI  - Epidemiology, health policy, and resource allocation: the Israeli perspective.
AB  - Israel represents a developed country as far as demand and consumption of health
      services are concerned. The analysis of the Israeli health system reveals a
      significant trend of expansion in the intensity and the utilization of health
      services as well as an accelerated development of sophisticated technology, while
      the percentage of Gross National Product used for health expenditure remained
      constant and even decreased. Competing needs, reflecting population growth, a
      rapid aging process, new areas of treatment, and changes in use of health
      services, illustrate the aggravating issue of setting priorities. The permanent
      dilemma of the health system is oscillation between opposite trends: enlargement
      of public eligibility and technological capabilities and economic reduction and
      budget limitations. Is there a possibility that the insufficiencies of the system
      are built into patterns of thinking of those in the system, into its structure,
      and into its organization of health services delivery? Does the formulation of
      health policy influence, in terms of the outcomes of the system, priorities and
      allocation of resources? Does the process of decisionmaking reflect in an
      appropriate manner the epidemiologic data? Under the objective constraints,
      decisionmaking and health policy formulation become critical determinants of the
      ability to cope more efficiently and effectively with growing and changing needs.
      The authors suggest an alternative strategy of health decisionmaking that is more
      instrumental in order to prevent setbacks and to open new horizons for the
      future.

PMID- 6435158
TI  - Problems in medical genetic services as viewed from Israel.
AB  - Problems in genetic services in Israel are discussed from four vantage points:
      genetic screening, prenatal diagnosis, genetics and the mentally retarded child,
      and genetic counseling. Emphasis is given to issues unique to Israel, and
      recommendations for the improvement of genetic services are presented. A central,
      recurring theme is the continuous and concerted effort that must be made by those
      working in genetics to keep both the medical community and the lay community
      adequately informed.

PMID- 6435159
TI  - Facts, projections, and gaps concerning data on aging.
AB  - In 1900, approximately 25 percent of all deaths occurred in people 65 years of
      age and over, while today the age at death has been pushed back so that, by 1980,
      30 percent of deaths occurred in those over age 80. The greatest declines in age
      specific mortality for those 65 and over occurred from 1920 to 1945 and since
      1970. Illness and disability rise with age, and there is some evidence that rates
      of disability in all age groups may be increasing. Measurement of morbidity and
      disability is the area where data are weakest and our needs for data are perhaps
      greatest. Agreement is needed on the use, limitations, and interpretations of
      surveys and of data relating to functional status. In a few years, medical
      students and physicians will be computer literate. We should plan now for a
      better utilization of the already available Federal data sets as well as
      implementation of computerized health care information on individual patients.
      Some modifications of privacy legislation will probably be necessary in order for
      physicians to give better care to their patients, and to provide epidemiologic
      research opportunities in critical areas of public health needs. Caution is urged
      in order to maintain credibility in health promotion by avoiding overstatement of
      knowledge in areas where scientific evidence is weak or lacking. Better
      utilization and development of epidemiologic and statistical information as well
      as basic research in chronic diseases are urged to prepare for the year 2025,
      when there will be some 60 million Americans age 65 and over--about 20 percent of
      the total population.

PMID- 6435160
TI  - The epidemiology of cancer and the delivery of medical care services.
AB  - Data collected primarily for epidemiologic purposes can be used to address
      questions concerning medical care for cancer in the United States. This was done
      directly for the period 1969-71 through an interview survey of a sample of cancer
      patients identified in the Third National Cancer Survey to obtain information on
      length of hospital stay, cost of care, source of payment, and related issues.
      Since that time the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program
      was established by the National Cancer Institute to measure cancer incidence and
      cancer patient survival in 10 percent of the U.S. population on a continuing
      basis. Using the SEER data and those from the earlier cancer surveys, evidence is
      presented for the increasing need for medical care resources for some of the
      major cancers, such as cancers of the lung and prostate. Data from the National
      Hospital Discharge Survey for 1979 reveal an average length of stay of 12.3 days
      for each hospital discharge with a diagnosis of cancer, ranging from 8.5 days for
      those with cancer of the cervix uteri to 20 days for those with brain cancer.
      Some suggestions are made for applying hospital data on length of stay from the
      National Hospital Discharge Survey to estimates of cancer incidence from the SEER
      Program to obtain estimates of numbers of hospital days required during the first
      period of hospitalization for cancer. This estimate for the United States for
      1983 was almost 11 million hospital days for all cancers combined.

PMID- 6435161
TI  - Epidemiology and health service resource allocation policy for alcohol, drug
      abuse, and mental disorders.
AB  - Data from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study in Baltimore, Md.,
      are used to illustrate the association between alcohol, drug abuse, and mental
      disorder diagnoses with health service use. A probability sample of 3,481 adult
      (age 18 and over) residents of a geographically defined Baltimore City population
      of 175,000 was found to have a 23.4 per 100 population, 6-month prevalence of 13
      specific alcohol, drug, and mental disorders. Of this population, 7.1 percent
      sought outpatient mental health treatment from both general medical physicians
      and mental health specialists in a 6-month period. The presence of a mental
      disorder diagnosis increased the average number of visits to all health providers
      from 1.91 to 4.06 during the same 6-month period. Although the presence of a
      mental disorder diagnosis clearly increased the probability of using both general
      medical and mental health services, only 15.6 percent of the persons with a
      mental disorder sought any mental health treatment during this 6-month timeframe-
      leaving 84 percent of those with mental disorders not seeking any outpatient
      treatment during the same period. The addition of a measure of high
      symptomatology (a score of 4 or more on the General Health Questionnaire)
      increased the percentage of persons with mental disorder using services to 30.5
      percent. When a measure of disability was added to the diagnosis and the high
      symptom level score, 54.7 percent of the population could be predicted to use
      some mental health service. These data demonstrate the necessity of having
      additional patient assessment measures with a diagnosis to predict probable
      service use. However, even in the most comprehensive multidimensional model, more
      research is required to explore the phenomena of presumed unmet need--the 45
      percent of those with a diagnosis, disability, and high symptoms who do not use
      services. Hence, epidemiologists who wish to participate in setting policy for
      resource allocation must join with their colleagues in economics, sociology, and
      health services research to identify all factors in addition to disease states
      that either predispose population groups to use services or represent additional
      resource allocation needs.

PMID- 6435162
TI  - Epidemiology of end stage renal disease and implications for public policy.
AB  - In 1972 the Congress extended Medicare coverage to all persons under age 65
      suffering from end stage renal disease (ESRD). The intent of this law (PL 92-603,
      the Social Security Amendments of 1972) was to allow all Americans access to an
      emerging and very expensive technology, regardless of their ability to pay. The
      legislation had an immediate and dramatic impact on the population receiving
      dialysis. Prior to the passage of the legislation the dialysis population was
      white, educated, young, married, employed, and male. Within 4 years after
      implementation of the law, the dialysis population was more than one-third
      nonwhite, less well educated, significantly older, and about half female--making
      it more representative of the population as a whole. During consideration of this
      legislation the dialysis population was expected to increase from 5,000 to 7,000
      patients and cost $135 million in the first year. Actually, in the first year of
      the program, there were 10,300 patients and the cost was $241 million. Today,
      while patients with ESRD represent only 0.25 percent of Medicare beneficiaries,
      they consume approximately 10 percent of the Medicare Part B budget. The
      humanitarian goals of the legislation have been met, but the costs of this
      program continue to rise as enrollment continues to grow. It is hoped that,
      through research and reimbursement policies, the per capita costs can be
      controlled and total costs can be reduced by shifts in treatment patterns and
      improvement in successful transplantation rates. There will, however, continue to
      be demands on our health care financing system to include reimbursement for new
      therapeutic modalities such as artificial hearts and heart and liver
      transplants.The lesson from the ESRD Program is that sound decisions require
      accurate epidemiologic data and cost projections.It is a challenge not easily
      met.

PMID- 6435163
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls in Israel: a risk assessment.

PMID- 6435164
TI  - Televised course shows teachers new ways to take the health message to the
      classroom.

PMID- 6435165
TI  - Epidemic of gynecomastia among illegal Haitian entrants.
AB  - Gynecomastia may occur as a normal physiologic development at certain ages or as
      a result of a variety of pathological conditions. An outbreak of gynecomastia was
      investigated at two processing centers of the Immigration and Naturalization
      Service (INS) between December 2, 1981, and May 14, 1982. At the Fort Allen
      Service Processing Center, Puerto Rico, gynecomastia was initially detected in 77
      of 540 Haitian male entrants (14 percent) and in only 6 of 186 male employees of
      the center (3 percent) who were 18-50 years old; the difference in prevalence was
      statistically significant. At the Krome North Service Processing Center in Miami,
      Fla., gynecomastia was initially detected in 52 of 512 Haitian males 18-50 years
      old (10 percent). Two case-control studies did not demonstrate an association
      between gynecomastia and a number of factors that might have been related to an
      exogenous estrogen or to a substance with an estrogenic effect. Estrogen or
      estrogen-like substances were not found in food, water, or environmental samples.
      When the populations were rescreened several months later, 76 of the persons with
      gynecomastia detected in the first screening had had total or partial remission.
      Persons with remission had arrived earlier--a mean of 21.6 days for those at Fort
      Allen and 36.7 for those at Krome--than did those with newly detected
      gynecomastia and those with continuing cases. The difference in arrival dates was
      significant (P less than .005 for Fort Allen and P less than .001 for Krome).
      These results, in view of nutritional deprivation in Haiti, suggest that these
      cases may have been an outbreak of refeeding gynecomastia.

PMID- 6435166
TI  - The dentist's role in cessation of cigarette smoking.
AB  - Dentists in general practice were surveyed by mail questionnaire to determine the
      actions they were taking to promote cigarette smoking cessation among their
      patients. Findings are based on replies from 376 of the 466 dentists in western
      New York State to whom the questionnaire was sent in 1981. The responses indicate
      that less than 18 percent of western New York State dentists smoke. The
      proportion is continuing its gradual decline, and dentists lead the general
      population in smoking abstention. Sixty-two percent of the dentists in the survey
      do not permit smoking in their waiting rooms, and 84 percent advise patients not
      to smoke. There is clear evidence of a relationship between the dentists' own
      smoking habits and their inclination to promote smoking cessation among patients.
      As fewer dentists smoke, more will be inclined to foster nonsmoking. Dentists can
      use a variety of smoking cessation techniques. To carry out a minimal program of
      antismoking measures, dentists in general practice can serve as nonsmoking role
      models for their patients, provide information about the health hazards of
      smoking, give advice, refer patients to cessation programs, recommend cessation
      measures, and monitor patients' efforts to quit smoking. While smoking cessation
      measures taken by dentists are not likely to convert more than 1 or 2 percent of
      patients who smoke per year, in time the dentists' efforts to promote smoking
      cessation can have an appreciable impact.

PMID- 6435167
TI  - [Determination of benefit-cost-risk relations for scientific evaluation of
      indications for roentgen diagnosis].

PMID- 6435168
TI  - Cystic dilatations of the upper urinary tract: a radiologist's developmental
      model.
AB  - The ureteral bud in the embryonic kidney grows and branches dichotomously for 15
      generations. This branching tree is modified by a series of narrowings and
      expansions and becomes the ureter, the renal pelvis, the calyces, and the
      collecting tubules. Simultaneously, the ureteral bud induces the formation of
      nephrons. If many of the renal cystic diseases and congenital dilatations of the
      renal pelvis and ureter are viewed as a series of growth disturbances along the
      branching ureteral bud, their morphology and pathophysiology become clarified
      even though their etiology is often not known.

PMID- 6435169
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary ossification.
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary ossification is an uncommon and asymptomatic disorder of
      unknown etiology in which trabeculated bone is found in the lung. It is usually
      mistaken for more serious entities radiographically, most commonly appearing as
      branching linear shadows of calcific density involving a limited area of the lung
      and exhibiting very slow progression; however, the shadows may be round or
      irregular and bulky. Sometimes the trabeculae are recognizable, and occasionally
      the lungs demonstrate widespread involvement. The authors describe 8 proven
      cases, including one in which a bone scan revealed uptake by heterotopic bone in
      the lung.

PMID- 6435170
TI  - Outpatient arteriography: its safety and cost effectiveness.
AB  - An 11-year experience with 2,029 outpatient arteriograms in a 500-bed community
      hospital with active vascular and cardiovascular services is reported. During
      this period 3,864 inpatient arteriograms were also obtained. The major
      complication rate has been lower for the outpatient procedures than for the
      inpatient procedures, and no malpractice claims have been made as a result of
      outpatient arteriography. There were considerable cost savings with the
      outpatient arteriography. Since conventional arteriography can be done safely and
      economically on an outpatient basis, and provides images of superior quality, it
      is considered highly competitive with digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6435171
TI  - Antiviral agents 1978-1983.

PMID- 6435172
TI  - The role of adipose tissue in the distribution and storage of drugs.

PMID- 6435173
TI  - Tumor cell resistance.

PMID- 6435174
TI  - Immunohistochemistry: techniques and application to neurooncology.

PMID- 6435175
TI  - Potential uses of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in tumor therapy.

PMID- 6435176
TI  - Dietary intake data: usefulness and limitations.
AB  - In past decades, the main objectives of nutrition surveys were to define
      nutritional status at the time of the study, to cross-sectionally describe
      dietary patterns of consumption and food preparation practices, and to identify
      areas for improvement. Nowadays, the need for ongoing evaluation of nutritional
      status of individuals and of population is gaining recognition. The present
      paper, in discussing usefulness and limitations of dietary intake data, will
      focus on the importance of considering nutrition as a component of overall
      quality of life as well as a discipline that gains to be integrated to other
      disciplinary fields such as medicine, biochemistry, immunology, anthropometry and
      agribusiness. In this respect, the present paper will discuss the methodology of
      dietary data collection, the various uses of dietary data collected at the
      individual, community and general population levels and finally will try to
      define new vistas in regard to emphasis and tools for future dietary intake
      studies.

PMID- 6435177
TI  - Specific antagonism of the behavioral effects of chlordiazepoxide and
      pentobarbital in the rat.
AB  - Stimulus control was established in rats with 5 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide and saline
      by employing a two-lever response choice task and an FR10 schedule of food
      reinforcement. Once trained, administration of chlordiazepoxide doses different
      from the training dose produced dose-responsive discrimination responding and the
      chlordiazepoxide discriminative cue was observed to transfer to pentobarbital.
      Pretreatment with the convulsant bemegride antagonized the pentobarbital transfer
      but not the chlordiazepoxide cue, whereas the specific benzodiazepine antagonist
      RO15-1788 decreased the chlordiazepoxide cue in a dose-response manner without
      attenuating the pentobarbital transfer. Results confirm and expand upon other
      recent studies that suggest different mechanisms of action for chlordiazepoxide
      and pentobarbital.

PMID- 6435178
TI  - A new method for in vivo measurement of brain monoamine oxidase activity.
AB  - The radiotracers, C-14-N-methylphenylethylamine (MPEA) and N
      methylphenylethanolamine (MPEOA) both rapidly entered mouse brain after their
      intravenous injection and were metabolized by brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) to C
      14-methylamine and corresponding aldehydes. The labelled metabolite was trapped
      in the brain. Measurement of radioactivity showed that the amount of the
      metabolite produced in the brain from C-14-MPEA was proportional to the MAO
      activity remaining after combined treatment with a specific MAO-A inhibitor,
      clorgyline and a MAO-B inhibitor, 1-deprenyl, but not by treatment with either
      inhibitor alone. The rate of production of the labelled metabolite produced from
      C-14-MPEOA was highly sensitive to the extent of inhibition of MAO-B activity
      (with phenylethylamine as substrate) by pretreatment with 1-deprenyl, but was
      relatively insensitive to inhibitor clorgyline. This selectivity suggests that
      MPEOA is a specific substrate of MAO-B in mouse brain in vivo. The above results
      indicate that C-14-labelled N-methylphenylethylamine and N
      methylphenylethanolamine derivatives can be used for measurement of brain MAO
      activity and that C-14-MPEOA is a specific substrate for mouse brain MAO-B. The
      value and possible applications of this method for measurement of MAO-B in brain
      under different physiological conditions are discussed.

PMID- 6435179
TI  - Gonadotropin response to gonadotropin releasing hormone in acute schizophrenia.
AB  - To evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in acute schizophrenia, plasma
      FSH and LH concentrations were estimated both in basal conditions and after
      stimulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH, 200 micrograms i.v.) in 14
      young male patients with acute schizophrenia and in a age-matched group of 14
      healthy male controls. Basal plasma PRL and testosterone levels were also
      measured. The mean basal levels of LH and FSH were slightly lower in
      schizophrenics, while the mean testosterone and prolactin levels were similar in
      the two groups. The FSH response to GnRH was significantly reduced in patients
      with acute schizophrenia, while the response of LH was similar in schizophrenics
      and in the controls. The possible significance of these findings is discussed in
      the contest of the complex neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin secretion
      and the overactivity of dopaminergic systems in acute schizophrenia.

PMID- 6435180
TI  - Differential effects of carbamazepine and lithium on sensitization and kindling.
AB  - Lithium carbonate appears to inhibit the development of cocaine-induced
      behavioral sensitization while it does not inhibit the development of amygdala
      kindling. Lithium chloride did not inhibit kindled seizures. Carbamazepine does
      not inhibit cocaine-induced motor activity or the development of behavioral
      sensitization in the rat. Carbamazepine is highly effective in blocking completed
      amygdala-kindled seizures, but does not block their development in the rat.
      Lithium carbonate and carbamazepine, two drugs of use in the prophylactic
      treatment of affective illness, appear to have differential effects on
      sensitization and kindling.

PMID- 6435181
TI  - Biological correlates of attachment bond disruption in humans and nonhuman
      primates.
AB  - Separations or disruptions in attachment bonds occur frequently in the social
      lives of humans and have been linked to the development of psychopathology.
      Separation of social nonhuman primates has been proposed as a model to study the
      psychological and biological effects of separation in humans. This paper reviews
      the biological alterations that occur in nonhuman primates undergoing separation
      and compares these with changes associated with separation in humans. The data
      reviewed demonstrate that separation in humans and nonhuman primates can be an
      event with profound behavioral and physiological sequelae.

PMID- 6435182
TI  - Synthesis of prostaglandin F by cultured human endometrial cells.
AB  - Human endometrial cells were dispersed with collagenase and maintained in culture
      overnight. The synthesis of PGF by the dispersed cells incubated at 37 degrees C
      in serum-free medium was stimulated by estradiol (10(-7)M - 10(-5)M), histamine
      (5X10(-7)M - 5X10(-5)M), bradykinin (10(-6)M), phorbol myristate (PMA, 3X10(-8)M)
      and arachidonate (5X10(-6)M). Preincubation of the cells for 3 h with cortisol
      (5X10(-7)M - 5X10(-5)M), progesterone (10(-6)M) or mepacrine (10(-6)M - 2X10(
      4)M) inhibited the response to histamine, bradykinin and PMA but not to
      arachidonate. Perfusion of the cultured cells in filtration chambers yielded
      similar results to those obtained in the incubation system but differences in the
      onset and duration of the responses to stimuli were found. In the perifusion
      system the responses to histamine and bradykinin were rapid and of short duration
      (peak response in less than 60 min) while the responses to PMA and arachidonate
      were of longer duration with a slower onset. We conclude that these observations
      using dispersed endometrial cells are consistent with previous work showing that
      histamine, bradykinin and PMA act by stimulating acylhydrolase activity, thereby
      liberating precursors such as arachidonic acid which are converted to
      prostaglandins by the cyclo-oxygenase complex.

PMID- 6435183
TI  - Prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin D synthetase in mast cell deficient mice.
AB  - The content of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and the activity of PGD synthetase were
      measured in various tissues of mutant mice deficient in tissue mast cells (W/Wv)
      and congenic normal mice (+/+). The amounts of PGD2 were determined by the
      radioimmunoassay specific for PGD2. PGD2 was found in all tested tissues
      including brain, lung, stomach, spleen and skin of both genotypes in
      concentrations of a few to about thirty ng/g wet weight tissue, and in spite of
      the absence of tissue mast cells and the very low content of tissue histamine in
      W/Wv mice, there was no difference in tissue PGD2 amounts between W/Wv and +/+
      mice. The activity of PGD synthetase was assayed in supernatant fraction (10,000
      X g, 20 min) of tissue homogenates in the presence or absence of 1 mM GSH. All
      the tissues of both genotypes listed above showed considerable activity of PGD
      synthetase, and no difference in tissue PGD synthetase activity was found between
      W/Wv and +/+ mice. These results suggest that mast cells contribute little to the
      total amount of PGD2 and PGD synthetase activity in various tissues of mice, and
      that tissues can synthesize PGD2 independently of tissue mast cells.

PMID- 6435184
TI  - Anticonvulsive effects of endogenous prostaglandins formed in brain of
      spontaneously convulsing gerbils.
AB  - Seizures were induced in a strain of epileptic gerbils by moderate environmental
      stress. Concentrations of five different cyclooxygenase products (PGD2, PGF2
      alpha, PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2) were measured in brain by
      specific radioimmunoassays before and at different time intervals after the onset
      of clonic-tonic convulsions. All prostanoids markedly increased subsequent to the
      convulsions. Maximal concentrations were reached after about 15 min. The major
      compound detected was PGD2, followed by PGF2 alpha and lower concentrations of
      the other cyclooxygenase products. Indomethacin completely prevented the
      convulsion-induced formation of prostanoids. Fifteen min after a first seizure
      almost all animals proved to be protected against a second convulsion.
      Indomethacin pretreatment markedly reduced the number of convulsion-resistant
      animals. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous
      prostaglandins exert anticonvulsive effects.

PMID- 6435185
TI  - Activity of prostaglandin biosynthetic pathways in rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - Isolated pancreatic islets of the rat were either prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic
      acid, or were incubated over the short term with the concomitant addition of
      radiolabeled arachidonic acid and a stimulatory concentration of glucose (17mM)
      for prostaglandin (PG) analysis. In prelabeled islets, radiolabel in 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha, PGE2, and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha increased in response to a 5
      min glucose (17mM) challenge. In islets not prelabeled with arachidonic acid,
      label incorporation in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased, whereas label in PGE2
      decreased during a 5 min glucose stimulation; after 30-45 min of glucose
      stimulation labeled PGE levels increased compared to control (2.8mM glucose)
      levels. Enhanced labelling of PGF2 alpha was not detected in glucose-stimulated
      islets prelabeled or not. Isotope dilution with endogenous arachidonic acid
      probably occurs early in the stimulus response in islets not prelabeled. D
      Galactose (17mM) or 2-deoxyglucose (17mM) did not alter PG production.
      Indomethacin inhibited islet PG turnover and potentiated glucose-stimulated
      insulin release. Islets also converted the endoperoxide [3H]PGH2 to 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2, in a time-dependent manner and in proportions
      similar to arachidonic acid-derived PGs. In dispersed islet cells, the calcium
      ionophore ionomycin, but not glucose, enhanced the production of labeled PGs from
      arachidonic acid. Insulin release paralleled PG production in dispersed cells,
      however, indomethacin did not inhibit ionomycin-stimulated insulin release,
      suggesting that PG synthesis was not required for secretion. In confirmation of
      islet PGI2 turnover indicated by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production, islet cell PGI2
      like products inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP. These results
      suggest that biosynthesis of specific PGs early in the glucose secretion response
      may play a modulatory role in islet hormone secretion, and that different pools
      of cellular arachidonic acid may contribute to PG biosynthesis in the
      microenvironment of the islet.

PMID- 6435186
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2 in thrombus formation in the
      hamster cheek pouch in vivo.
AB  - Electrical stimulation in the presence of ADP of arterioles of the hamster cheek
      pouch caused endothelial damage and white thrombus formation. The thrombus
      formation was inhibited by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors aspirin and sulphinpyrazone
      and its thioether derivative G 25671. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors N-(7
      carboxyheptyl) imidazole and butylimidazole failed to inhibit thrombus formation,
      although in the same doses both compounds inhibited serum levels of thromboxane.
      These results indicate that thromboxane is not important in thrombus formation in
      the hamster, but that prostaglandin endoperoxides are more significant. However,
      it is possible that the inhibition of white thrombus formation by aspirin,
      sulphinpyrazone and G 25671 may be mediated by a different mechanism altogether.

PMID- 6435187
TI  - Bronchoconstriction induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in the
      guinea pig; involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites.
AB  - The chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (F-met-leu-phe)
      was shown to be a potent myotropic agent on the guinea-pig parenchymal strip
      (IC50, 2 X 10(-7)M). The response was unaffected by the histamine (H1)
      antagonist, mepyramine, but in the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor,
      indomethacin, the dose response curve was shifted to the left (IC50, 4 X 10(-8)M)
      and the maximal response reduced. Injection of F-met-leu-phe into perfused guinea
      pig lungs resulted in the release of leukotriene-like activity which was detected
      by superfusion over guinea-pig ileum preparations in the presence and absence of
      FPL-55712. Intravenous injection of F-met-leu-phe to spontaneously breathing
      anaesthetized guinea pigs resulted in transient increases in pulmonary resistance
      and blood pressure and decreases in dynamic compliance and heart rate. The
      pulmonary parameters were significantly inhibited by BW 755C, indomethacin, FPL
      55712 and a contractile prostanoid antagonist, L-640,035. These results
      demonstrate that F-met-leu-phe is a potent bronchoconstrictor in the guinea pig
      and that the peptide may induce these changes through the generation of products
      of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6435188
TI  - The analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites in normal, uninvolved and lesional
      psoriatic skin.
AB  - Collection of exudate from suction bullae is a commonly used method for sampling
      human skin for mediator analysis. It is satisfactory on skin of normal structure
      but is unreliable on lesional psoriatic skin in which there are major structural
      changes and excessive scaling. Collection of exudates from abraded sites was
      found to be a suitable alternative method for psoriatic skin. Arachidonic acid
      and 12-HETE, but not PGE2, were significantly higher in exudate from abraded
      lesional psoriatic skin (494 +/- 88, 45.9 +/- 4.2 and 9.6 +/- 1.8 ng/ml
      respectively, mean +/- sem, n = 5) compared to uninvolved skin (154 + 38, 18.5 +
      5.1 and 7.7 + 1.9 ng/ml) or skin of normal volunteers (119 +/- 37, 14.5 +/- 6.7
      and 4.5 +/- 1.6 ng/ml, n = 7) which were similar. The coefficient of variation
      for exudate collection and mediator analysis was usually less than 55%. The
      analysis of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products was simplified by the use of
      chlorobutane to extract preferentially arachidonic acid and HETEs from neutral
      aqueous solutions.

PMID- 6435190
TI  - [Health risks from the use of NMR tomography and in vivo NMR spectroscopy].
AB  - As a result of consultations with the Commission "Non ionizing Radiation"
      together with additionally appointed experts, the Federal Health Office has
      published "Recommendations on health risks caused by magnetic and high frequency
      electromagnetic fields in NMR-tomography and in-vivo-NMR-spectroscopy". The basis
      of these consultations was a list compiled by the authors on the effects from
      fields present during NMR application. This compilation contains some rough
      estimates. This publication is intended to document the compilation as a basis
      for recommendations published by the federal health office. Since such estimates
      need to be supplemented it is planned to review this compilation from time to
      time when new results are available.

PMID- 6435189
TI  - [Rectal diverticulosis].

PMID- 6435191
TI  - [Contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging].
AB  - It has been shown that signal strength from nuclear resonance and grey scale in
      NMR depend on pulse sequence, pulse repetition interval, delay time, tissue
      dependent parameters, such as relaxation times T1 and T2, proton density, and
      flow movements. The relative grey scales for tissues using varying pulse
      sequences can be predicted mathematically. These relationships are shown
      graphically to indicate to the user the effect of pulse repetition, processing
      time and T1 and T2.

PMID- 6435192
TI  - [Analysis of the results of 96 CT-guided fine needle biopsies of liver masses].
AB  - A prospective study of 96 CT-guided fine needle biopsies in 93 patients showed 47
      malignant and 46 benign lesions in the liver. Overall accuracy was 97%, with a
      sensitivity of 92% as specificity of 96%. At least four punctures per biopsy were
      necessary for a reliable diagnosis. In order to save time, fine needle biopsy is
      recommended to be carried out immediately after the initial CT.

PMID- 6435193
TI  - [Asbestosis. Computed tomography in comparison with conventional roentgen
      diagnosis].
AB  - Thirty patients (27 men and 3 women) with an average industrial asbestos exposure
      of 19 years have been examined. The results of conventional radiography and CT
      have been analysed and compared with pulmonary function studies. The advantages
      of CT depend on a better demonstration of the pleura and lung periphery. In 24%
      of cases plaques were diagnosed by chest x-rays which could, however, be excluded
      by computed tomography. Correct prediction of restricted ventilation was possible
      in 84% patients by means of CT. On the other hand, this prediction by means of
      conventional radiographs could be made reliably only if there was extensive
      fibrosis.

PMID- 6435194
TI  - [Real-time sonography of the skull in the newborn].
AB  - The results of 293 examinations of the skull by sonography in 170 newborn are
      presented. In 73 patients the results could be compared with the findings on CT
      or at post mortem. In 48%, abnormal sonograms of the skull were obtained, due to
      congenital abnormalities, hydrocephalus or intracerebral bleeds. High accuracy
      and wide application make real time sonography the diagnostic procedure of first
      choice for the examination of the brain of the newborn. An attempt has been made
      to determine the optimum time for the examination and suitable intervals for
      follow-up.

PMID- 6435195
TI  - [Technic of real-time ultrasonic examination of the adrenal glands and adrenal
      gland tumors].
AB  - A prospective examination was carried out to determine the optimum technique for
      demonstrating the adrenal glands; there were 60 normal persons, 16 with small
      adrenal tumours (average size 13 mm.) and 10 with large adrenal tumours (average
      size 38 mm.). A normal adrenal gland was identified only once amongst the 60
      patients as a hypoechoic structure. Fifteen of the 16 small, and eight of nine
      large tumours could be demonstrated sonographically. An intercostal approach was
      particularly suitable for showing the suprarenal region and for small tumours.
      Large tumours could be shown by a ventral, lateral or dorsal approach.

PMID- 6435196
TI  - [Sonography of the thyroid gland. Volume determination and morphologic
      correlation of echo and tissue structures].
AB  - The volume of 15 autopsied thyroid glands was determined by fluid displacement
      and compared with their sonographically obtained stereometric volumes. Maximum
      variation was 8.6%. Thyroid volumes were measured by ultrasound in 100 volunteers
      between ages 15 and 36. Total mean value was 19.8 ml. with a mean value of 22.1
      ml. in the male group and 17.8 ml. in the female group. 20 volunteers had an
      additional scintigraphic examination. The thyroid volumes estimated by
      scintiscanning differed up to 85% with the volume measurements from sonography.
      Sonography scans were obtained from 6 autopsied thyroid glands and compared with
      the corresponding tissue slices. Tissue structures were reproduced with great
      accuracy by ultrasound.

PMID- 6435197
TI  - [Sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis].
AB  - The sonographic findings of 22 infants suspected of suffering from hypertrophic
      pyloric stenosis are reported. The central importance of the "cockade-sign" for
      the sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is stressed. Because
      of its accuracy sonography can replace radiological examination of the stomach in
      most cases.

PMID- 6435198
TI  - [Metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Diagnostic accuracy of thyroglobulin
      RIA in comparison with 131I-whole body scintigraphy].
AB  - In a retrospective analysis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma,
      the diagnostic validities of 131I whole-body scans and radioimmunologic
      determinations of thyroglobulin (hTg) are compared with special regard to late
      metastases. Metastases were found in 83 out of 311 patients with differentiated
      thyroid carcinoma. In two thirds of the cases, these were primary metastases
      while in the remaining third of the cases, metastases developed in later follow
      up with a mean time of latency of 3.3 years. While about 70% of the early
      metastases could bei detected by 131I scintigraphy, this percentage amounted to
      only 40% in late metastases. With a diagnostic sensitivity of 90%, hTg-RIA was
      clearly superior in the detection of early as well as of late metastases. hTg was
      measurable, however, only in iatrogenous hypothyroidism in 4 out of 49 cases.
      Based on these results and an analysis of the literature, a program for follow-up
      of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is proposed. The hTg-RIA is thereby used as
      an alternative to 131I scintigraphy in the late phase of follow-up after complete
      ablation of any thyroid tissue.

PMID- 6435199
TI  - [Importance of transvenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in detecting
      vascular complications following aorto-iliac/femoral bifurcation bypass].
AB  - From 1970 to 1984 late complications including the prox. anastomosis of
      aortoiliacal/-femoral bifurcation-prothesis were observed angiographically in
      37/647 (6.5%) of patients with art. occl. disease and 4/367 (1.1%) of patients
      with aneurysmatic disease. Concerning the dist. bilateral anastomotic region the
      complication-rate was markedly higher. This study was carried out to evaluate
      accuracy of transvenous DSA in a preselected outpatient group (n = 24) following
      aortoiliacal/-femoral bifurcation-bypass. In 15 cases DSA showed prothetic
      complications such as occlusion (n = 4), stenosis (n = 2), anastomotic aneurysms
      (n = 8) and a.v. fistula (n = 1). The results demonstrate that in outpatients
      transvenous DSA is a method of low risk to get excellent images of bifurcation
      prothesis and prothetic complications considering recommended technical criteria.

PMID- 6435200
TI  - [Unusual variations of the large arteries of the thigh].
AB  - Three rare variations of the large arteries of the thigh are known: Hypoplasia or
      aplasia of the superficial femoral artery in combination with persistent sciatic
      artery which normally is present during embryogenesis for a few days only.
      Typical finding is a large dorsal artery in the thigh accompanied with a
      hypoplastic superficial femoral artery. For the first time angiography of this
      vascular situation is shown in two projections. Complications of persistent
      sciatic artery include aneurysm (25%) and occlusion (embolic or thrombotic).
      Duplication of the superficial femoral artery. Absence or duplication of the deep
      femoral artery caused by separately originating branches. Knowledge of
      embryogenesis of the vessels helps to understand these artery variations.

PMID- 6435201
TI  - [Production of an intrahepatic portocaval fistula in the dog with liver cirrhosis
      and portal hypertension].
AB  - Non-Operative intrahepatic shunts between the left branch of the portal vein and
      hepatic vein were produced in 14 dogs with periportal cirrhosis and portal
      hypertension. Dilatation of the intrahepatic fistula was achieved with a Gruntzig
      catheter with a balloon diameter of 12 m. The catheter was introduced into the
      left branch of the portal vein passing through the right jugular vein, vena cava
      and hepatic vein by means of a co-axial system, using a stiff Teflon catheter
      with an external diameter of 6 mm. Repeated maximal inflation of the balloon,
      which was placed across the portal vein and inferior vena cava, produced an intra
      hepatic portocaval shunt in all dogs. This resulted in immediate abolition of
      previously stable portal hypertension. The only significant complication was
      shunt occlusion within a week. In such cases the shunt was reopened by the same
      technique. The procedure had to be repeated at weekly intervals up to five times
      before a permanent intrahepatic shunt was established.

PMID- 6435202
TI  - [Effect of contrast media on glycoside-induced mesenteric ischemia].
AB  - Experiments in 12 dogs have shown that intra-arterial injection of hyperosmolar
      contrast into the superior mesenteric artery normally produces a 52% increase in
      blood flow lasting more than two minutes. Following digitalis-induced mesenteric
      ischaemia, vaso-dilatation is equally marked, but lasts two and a half times as
      long. In view of the prolonged vaso-dilator effect of hyperosmolar contrast,
      arterial spasm could be missed during angiography.

PMID- 6435203
TI  - Radiographic features of spondylo-epimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity and
      progressive kyphoscoliosis. Review of 19 cases.
AB  - We have reviewed the radiographic features of 19 patients with spondylo
      epimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL). The salient, diagnostic
      radiographic manifestations are mild to moderate spondylo-epimetaphyseal
      dysplasia, progressive infantile kyphoscoliosis, characteristic pelvic, forearm
      and elbow changes and a highly abnormal bony trabecular pattern. The condition,
      which is inherited as an autosomal recessive, has only been observed in South
      Africa among Caucasians, several of whom have German names or German connections.
      The authors wish to bring the condition to the attention of European radiologists
      in an attempt to determine the geographic origin of the faulty gene.

PMID- 6435204
TI  - [Radiologic studies of the correlation between the mineral content of the
      peripheral and axial skeleton].
AB  - Estimations of mineral content of normal human skeletons using three radiological
      methods have led to the following conclusions: 1. Bone density of vertebral
      bodies increases from T.6 to L.5. Average values for thoracic and lumbar
      vertebrae are 0.71 and 0.88 g./cm2. 2. There is no linear correlation between the
      mineral content of an easily accessible peripheral bone and of the vertebrae. 3.
      The method for bone mineral estimation, using thulium170, which was developed in
      Dresden, can be used for the peripheral and central skeleton. 4. 125-photon
      absorption us useful for measurements on the peripheral skeleton, where it is the
      most elegant and accurate method. It is, however, useless for measurements of the
      central skeleton.

PMID- 6435205
TI  - [Generalized bronchiectasis in an adult--late manifestation of the Williams
      Campbell syndrome?].

PMID- 6435206
TI  - [Ruptured aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery].

PMID- 6435207
TI  - [Diffuse axial skeletal changes in systemic mastocytosis].

PMID- 6435208
TI  - [Sternal manifestation of osteopetrosis].

PMID- 6435209
TI  - [Button sequestrum. A rare manifestation of eosinophilic granuloma of the skull].

PMID- 6435210
TI  - [Mucocele of the appendix].

PMID- 6435211
TI  - [Scrotal hernia of the ureter].

PMID- 6435212
TI  - The benefits and costs of prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 6435213
TI  - [A single diverticulum of the cecum].

PMID- 6435214
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition and recurrent zinc-deficiency dermatitis (report of a
      personal case)].

PMID- 6435215
TI  - Lipid biosynthesis, oxidative enzyme activities and cellular changes in growing
      olive fruit.
AB  - Fruit of Olea europea L. was examined by light and electron microscopy to
      determine whether commencement of lipid accumulation depended upon the fruit
      achieving structural maturity. Maturation of fruit develops progressively from
      the smallest changes towards the largest in cellular structures. Important
      metabolic and structural changes have been observed: oil body formation, changes
      in the structural and reserve lipid biosynthesis and in the fatty acid of total
      lipid content, as well as in G6PDH and LOX activities. The labelling of fruit
      lipids by previously incubating the leaves with (1-14C)-acetate and (1,5-14C)
      citrate or by putting the labelled substrates directly on the fruit surface,
      shows a 14C assimilate derived from acetate greater than that from citrate; the
      incorporation of the latter is higher in the methanol-water fractions. At the
      beginning of fruit development the lipid biosynthesis with both substrates is
      greater in polar lipids; on the contrary, the incorporation of 14C into neutral
      lipids increases during fruit maturation. Additionally, a maximum of substrate
      export from leaves to fruit coincides with an increase in the lipoxygenase and,
      above all, in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. The transported
      14C from leaves begins its activity before the small oil bodies close to the
      tonoplast can be observed in the fruit, and well before the beginning of
      maturation. The results suggest that structural development and some other rate
      controlling metabolic steps can govern the initiation of lipid accumulation in
      olive fruit.

PMID- 6435216
TI  - Effects of sulpiride on levels of FSH, LH and steroid hormones.
AB  - In order to study the effects of prolactin upon the gonadotrophins and steroid
      hormones, hyperprolactinaemia was induced by the administration of sulpiride. 12
      men between the ages of 18 and 20 were given 3 capsules of 50 mg of sulpiride
      daily for a period of 15 days, and the following parameters being measured before
      and after the treatment: (prolactine, FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, ACTH and
      DHEA-S) by RIA, (cortisol) by fluorimetry and (etiocholanone, androsterone,
      pregnandiol, pregnantriol, pregnantriolone, 11-keto etiocholanone and 11-OH
      androsterone) by gas chromatography. Our results show that on termination of the
      treatment there was a significant rise in the prolactin and DHEA-S serum levels
      and a drop in the FSH serum levels but not of LH. In addition there was a marked
      increase in all the androgen levels studied, (etiocholanone, androsterone and 11
      keto etiocholanone) with the exception of testosterone.

PMID- 6435217
TI  - [Multiple neurofibromatosis--Von Recklinghausen disease].

PMID- 6435218
TI  - A role for hypothalamic catecholamines in the regulation of gonadotropin
      secretion.

PMID- 6435219
TI  - Cell proliferation in the mammalian testis: biology of the seminiferous growth
      factor (SGF).

PMID- 6435220
TI  - [Hypercalcemic syndromes].

PMID- 6435222
TI  - A new method for studying pituitary responsiveness in vivo using pulses of LH-RH
      analogue in ewes passively immunized against native LH-RH.
AB  - In two experiments with ovariectomized ewes, the plasma levels of LH and FSH were
      measured following passive immunization against LH-RH. The pulsatile secretion of
      LH was inhibited and the levels of the hormone fell quickly and were undetectable
      within 24 h. The levels of FSH fell more slowly and were always detectable. In
      the second of the experiments, pulses of LH of normal amplitude were re
      established in the immunized ewes by hourly intravenous injections of 200 ng of
      Des-Gly10 (Pro9)-LH-RH Ethylamide, a synthetic analogue of LH-RH that does not
      cross-react with the antiserum yet has similar biological activity to native LH
      RH. The analogue was injected over 6 h and had no detectable effect on the levels
      of FSH. When the ewes were injected with 50 micrograms of oestradiol benzoate,
      the LH responses to the analogue were completely inhibited for 4-5 h then slowly
      recovered to normal levels. The oestrogen injection also depressed the levels of
      FSH for varying amounts of time. On the basis of the normal LH patterns and
      responses to oestrogen, we conclude that combining passive immunization against
      LH-RH with injections of an LH-RH analogue provides a valuable model for testing
      factors that affect pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH.

PMID- 6435221
TI  - Studies on acrosome labelling of mammalian spermatozoa by radioactive sugars.
AB  - The localization of glycoprotein synthesis and storage was studied during
      acrosome formation in guinea-pig using fine-structure autoradiography after (3H)
      fucose incorporation. Three days after (3H)-fucose injection, labelling in
      spermatids was concentrated in the matrix of developing acrosomes, and it was
      evident that the fucosylation of acrosomal glycoproteins largely overshadowed the
      fucosylation of other spermatid glycoproteins. Acrosin labelling and its
      quantitative relation to labelling of other glycoproteins was examined in mature
      rabbit spermatozoa after incorporation of (14C)-fucose or (14C)-glucosamine
      during spermatogenesis. Cauda epididymis spermatozoa recovered 21 days after
      intratesticular application of (14C)-fucose or (14C)-glucosamine were analysed
      for acrosin specific labelling after acid extraction and gel filtration. In all
      the material examined, radioactivity was detected in the proacrosine fractions;
      radioactivity in purified proacrosin amounted to at least 2% of the total
      radioactivity in the epididymal sperm population. In addition to the peak with
      radioactive proacrosin, another radioactive peak in (14C)-glucosamine-labelled
      material was attributed to a glycoprotein intraacrosomal inhibitor of acrosin. It
      is concluded that (pro)acrosin (acrosin-inhibitor) complexes seem to contribute
      significantly to acrosomal glycoprotein labelling by radioactive sugars and that
      the distribution of these complexes may at least correspond to their
      cytochemically detectable component, acrosin. The superposition of the
      distribution of acrosin and of other acrosomal glycoproteins during acrosome
      reaction can be explained by the fact that the dispersal of most of the acrosomal
      content is linked to proacrosin activation.

PMID- 6435223
TI  - [Spermatogenesis in the prepuberty Wistar rat during protein-energy malnutrition
      followed by balanced refeeding].
AB  - Protein-calorie malnutrition was induced by giving a 2% casein diet to a strain
      of post-weaning male Wistar rats from 26 to 56 days of age. They were then
      rehabilitated by a 15% casein diet till 86 days of age. Body and testis weights,
      diameter of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenetic score were compared to those
      of controls fed with the 15% casein diet. The unbalanced diet retarded growth by
      30 days. Although rehabilitation of body and testis weights was incomplete, the
      spermatogenetic function equalled that of the controls at the end of the
      experiment. This aspect has been discussed.

PMID- 6435224
TI  - Carbon dioxide dissociation and buffering in chicken blood during development.
AB  - Carbon dioxide dissociation curves of oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods, the
      Haldane effect, the buffer value and other blood and true plasma buffering
      indices, O2 capacity and hematocrit were determined in bloods withdrawn from
      chicks before, during and after hatching and 8-month-old hens. Blood CO2
      dissociation curves shifted upwards in the developing embryo till pipping, and
      moved downwards after pipping and hatching. In accordance with the position of
      the CO2 dissociation curves, the true plasma bicarbonate and red cell CO2
      standardized to PCO2 = 40 torr changed. The Haldane factor at standard PCO2
      increased from 0.12-0.13 on days 10-14 of incubation to 0.34 in young hens. The
      buffering power changed in parallel with O2 capacity and hematocrit, increasing
      steadily during incubation, dropping at hatching and then increasing again to the
      adult value. The observed changes in the CO2 dissociation curves and buffering
      variables during the development enable the chick to minimize the changes in the
      acid-base status and are favorable for coping with the increasing demand for CO2
      transport and buffering of the developing bird.

PMID- 6435225
TI  - Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood of the muskrat (Ondatra
      zibethica).
AB  - We have investigated the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport properties of a
      small diving mammal, the muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), where the hemoglobin
      primary structure has been established by Duffy et al. (1978). While whole blood
      oxygen capacity, the Haldane effect and the buffer capacity are not different
      compared to non-diving mammals of similar size, the Bohr effect and the oxygen
      affinity are increased. The oxygen half saturation pressure (P50) was 26.1 mm Hg
      (3.5 kPa) at pH 7.4, and the Bohr effect -0.66 (related to plasma pH) and -1.07
      related to cell pH. The high affinity of muskrat blood is caused by a
      comparatively small effect of 2,3 DPG and CO2 on muskrat hemoglobin, that is
      accentuated through a relatively low concentration of 2,3-DPG in the muskrat red
      cell. The increased Bohr effect is caused primarily through the pronounced pH
      dependence of oxygen-linked binding of 2,3-DPG. The weak interaction of muskrat
      hemoglobin with 2,3-DPG is not caused by substitutions at the binding site.

PMID- 6435226
TI  - Cardiovascular and blood gas changes during panting responses induced by ambient
      or spinal cord heating in the pigeon.
AB  - We measured respiratory frequency (fR), oxygen consumption (VO2), cardiovascular
      responses and arterial and mixed venous PCO2, PO2, pH and CO2 in six pigeons
      during hyperthermia caused by ambient heating (increase in body temperature = 1
      degrees C) and during heating of the spinal cord alone (increase in vertebral
      canal temperature = 3 degrees C). Spinal cord heating caused an increase in fR to
      546 min-1 (+/- 13 min-1 SE) and increases in VO2, heart frequency (fH) and
      cardiac output (CO); PaCO2 and PVCO2 decreased 3.4 and 4.6 torr, respectively,
      while PaCO2 increased 6.8 torr. fR during ambient heating was 489 +/- 36 min-1;
      cardiovascular and blood gas changes were, generally, in the same direction as
      those during spinal cord heating but of lesser magnitude. In six other pigeons,
      we characterized fR, VO2, cardiovascular and blood gas changes during a 4 degrees
      C rise in body temperature caused by increased ambient temperature. Those data
      showed that with increasing hyperthermia fR increased rapidly, though not
      stepwise, to a maximum while VO2, fH, CO, PaO2, pHa and the arterial-venous CO2
      difference all gradually increased; PaCO2 and PVCO2 gradually decreased. We
      conclude that, generally, whole body heating by increased ambient temperature and
      heating of the spinal cord alone produce the same responses and that these
      responses are dependent on the magnitude of the heat stimulation.

PMID- 6435227
TI  - [Effect of organic solvents on microbial and non-microbial systems for mutagen
      detection].

PMID- 6435228
TI  - Repair of a cleft palate in a child with hemophilia A.
AB  - The repair of a cleft palate in a child with severe hemophilia A was performed
      under replacement of factor VIII. The plasma level, over 50% of the normal value,
      was maintained during surgery. The estimated blood loss during surgery was 15 ml.
      In order to control postoperative bleeding, it is recommended that the factor
      VIII level be maintained above 30% for two weeks.

PMID- 6435229
TI  - [Endoscopic problems of the hypopharynx and the upper end of the esophagus].

PMID- 6435231
TI  - [Bacteriological study of solutions for parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6435230
TI  - Enhanced production of prostaglandins and plasminogen activator during activation
      of human articular chondrocytes by products of mononuclear cells.
AB  - We have examined the way in which products of cultured human blood mononuclear
      cells activate human articular chondrocytes. Conditioned medium from mononuclear
      cells enhanced the production of prostaglandin E by cultured human chondrocytes
      and also stimulated fibrinolytic activity in these cultures. These two effects
      may be interrelated, since the increased fibrinolysis in response to products of
      mononuclear cells was partially inhibited by indomethacin, an inhibitor of
      prostaglandin biosynthesis. The increased fibrinolysis is probably attributable
      to plasminogen activator, since it was strongly dependent on the presence of
      plasminogen. Increased amounts of PGE and chondroitin sulphate were also released
      from intact fragments of cartilage exposed to medium from cultured mononuclear
      cells. The time course and dose dependence of these effects were studied. The
      addition of exogenous arachidonic acid markedly enhanced production of PGE2.
      Ultrogel AcA54 was used to fractionate medium from cultured mononuclear cells and
      the chondrocyte-stimulating activity eluted with an apparent molecular weight
      between 12 000 and 25 000 daltons. Adherent and non-adherent mononuclear blood
      cells were also partially separated and conditioned medium from each was assayed
      for chondrocyte-stimulating factors. Both populations released factor(s) which
      increased the production of prostaglandin E by chondrocytes, but more activity
      came from the adherent mononuclear cells. The possible interrelationship between
      the chondrocyte activating factor studied here and others described in the
      literature is discussed.

PMID- 6435232
TI  - [Rate of incorporation of lysine supplementing low-quality dietary protein into
      muscle proteins in rats].

PMID- 6435233
TI  - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus].
AB  - Description of a case of rare endoluminal pseudodiverticulosis--only 49 cases
      have been reported to date--presenting the characteristic x-ray morphology and
      clinical course. Aetiological factors and the pathogenesis of the dilatation of
      the submucous oesophageal gland as a morphological substrate of
      pseudodiverticulosis are discussed.

PMID- 6435234
TI  - A radiometric whole blood test for chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), caused by an inherited deficiency in the
      oxygen metabolism of granulocytes and monocytes, is often a diagnostic problem in
      patients with severe infections. CGD can be diagnosed by several methods, all
      requiring some knowledge of cell handling and specialized equipment. We describe
      a simple screening test for CGD, based on the production of 14CO2 from glucose-1
      14C following stimulation of the granulocytes in whole blood with zymosan, CV:
      14.8%, intraassay. The test can be carried out with equipment available in most
      routine laboratories and without expertise in granulocyte function tests.

PMID- 6435235
TI  - A new sensitive immunosorbent radioassay for the detection of circulating
      antibodies to polypeptide hormones and proteins.
AB  - A solid-phase immunosorbent radioassay for the detection of circulating
      antibodies to protein hormones is described. The assay is based on the binding of
      the homologous 125I-labelled antigen to the antibodies which are then bound to
      anti-IgG antibodies covalently coupled to Sepharose. It can easily be applied as
      a complement to any radioimmunoassay for the detection of circulating antibodies
      to the ligand measured. The assay system avoids falsely elevated values due to
      interference of high serum concentrations of the antigen. The assay was applied
      to measure antibodies to FSH, LH, TSH, GH, prolactin, insulin and thyroglobulin
      (Tg). Among patients with chronic thyroiditis Tg antibodies were found in 100% of
      the sera. In diffuse toxic goitre 73% of the patients had detectable Tg
      antibodies. Insulin antibodies were present in 82% of the sera from patients with
      insulin treated diabetes. No antibodies were found against the other protein
      hormones tested.

PMID- 6435236
TI  - The relationship between the dermal content and the 24-hour excretion of
      analytically identical glycosaminoglycans in humans.
AB  - Using a material consisting of related dermal specimens and 24-h urine samples
      from 17 psoriatics and 20 non-psoriatics it has been shown for the first time
      that the excretion of dermatan sulphate and a fraction of chondroitinase ABC
      resistant GAG ('heparan sulphate') are positively associated with the tissue
      content of the analytically identical glycosaminoglycans in dermis. The excretion
      of chondroitin 4/6 sulphate, total hydroxyproline and a peptide-bound fraction of
      this does not, however, mirror the tissue content of the corresponding
      constituents in dermis. There was no difference in the type of association
      between tissue and urine measurements in psoriatics and non-psoriatics. The
      results were analysed using multiple regression to avoid the unwanted effect of
      diverse concomitant variables (6 variables).

PMID- 6435237
TI  - Intensive care in peritonitis.

PMID- 6435238
TI  - Adjuvant therapy of secondary peritonitis.

PMID- 6435239
TI  - Resistance pattern and antibiotic therapy in surgery: experience in a German
      hospital 1981/83.

PMID- 6435240
TI  - The influence of mode of fixation, type of fixative and vehicles on the same rat
      liver: a morphometric/stereologic study by light and electron microscopy.
AB  - The influence on cellular and subcellular structure was studied by comparing
      perfusion versus immersion fixation with cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde,
      osmium or glutaraldehyde immersion fixation with two vehicles, phosphate and
      cacodylate buffer. The study was performed in the same animal using the left
      liver lobe for the four immersion fixation experiments and the remaining lobes
      for perfusion. The preparative steps were done under identical conditions in one
      operation. The mode of fixation was the most influential factor with clear (15%)
      increases for the volume of hepatocytes (mainly their cytoplasm), and the
      mitochondria (30%), when comparing immersion to perfusion fixation. This
      mitochondrial enlargement was particularly displayed in the organelles' average
      profile area, being more than doubled (211%) in immersion fixation. Similarly
      high profile enlargements (150%) were also found after osmium immersion fixation.
      Changes in nuclei were minor compared to the cytoplasm. There was a good
      correlation between the volume changes of the hepatocyte cytoplasm and the
      mitochondria (r = 0.85, p less than 0.01). Qualitative results revealed that
      there exists a zone of good electron microscopic preservation 2-3 cell layers
      beneath the block edge in immersion fixed material, whereas perfusion fixed
      tissue displays a homogeneous fine structure.

PMID- 6435241
TI  - Ultrastructural findings in the brain of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
      and mice exposed to high-energy particle radiation.
AB  - Effects of high energy, heavy particle (HZE) radiation were studied in the brain
      of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) exposed to argon (40Ar) or krypton
      (84Kr) ions. In the flies exposed to argon the fluence ranged from 6 X 10(4) to 8
      X 10(7) particles/cm2. The insects were killed 35 days after exposure. Extensive
      tissue fragmentation was observed at the higher fluence employed. At fluences
      ranging from 5 X 10(6) (one hit/two cell bodies) to 9 X 10(4) (one hit/90 cell
      bodies) particles/cm2, swelling of the neuronal cytoplasm and focally fragmented
      membranes was observed. Marked increase of glial lamellae around nerve cell
      processes was seen at fluences ranging from one hit/six to one hit/135 cell
      bodies. In the flies irradiated with krypton, the fluences employed were 5.8 X
      10(3) and 2.2 X 10(6) particles/cm2. Acute and late effects were evaluated. In
      the flies killed 36 hours after exposure (acute effects) to either fluence,
      glycogen particles were found in the neuroglial compartment. The granules were no
      longer present in flies killed 35 days later (late effects). As in the flies
      exposed to argon, neuronal swelling and membrane disruption were observed 35 days
      after exposure to both fluences. From these studies it appears that the
      Drosophila brain is a useful model to investigate radiation damage to mature
      neurons, neuroglia, and therefore, to the glio-neuronal metabolic unit. In a
      separate study, the synaptic profiles of the neuropil in layers II-III of the
      frontal cerebral cortex of anesthesized adult LAFl mice were quantitatively
      appraised after exposure to argon (40Ar) particles. The absorbed dose ranged from
      0.05 to 5 gray (Gy) plateau. It was determined that the sodium pentobarbital
      anesthesia per se results in a significant decrease in synaptic profile length
      one day after anesthetization, with return to normal values after 2-28 days.
      Irradiation with 0.05-5 Gy argon particles significantly inhibited the synaptic
      shortening effect of anesthesia at one day after exposure.

PMID- 6435242
TI  - Effects of corticosteroid pulse therapy on inflammatory mechanisms.

PMID- 6435243
TI  - Differences in the production of arachidonic acid metabolites between healthy and
      rheumatic synovial fibroblasts in vitro. A preliminary study.
AB  - Production of various arachidonic acid metabolites from both endogenous and
      exogenous substrate was measured using cultures of synovial fibroblasts from
      healthy and rheumatic synovia. At first, the rheumatic cells showed retarded
      growth and an altered histological picture. Rheumatic cells produced more 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha, the main metabolite of prostacyclin, and prostaglandin E2 than did
      normal cells, which synthesized more thromboxane B2. Later on these differences
      diminished or disappeared, except regarding 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. When fairly high
      concentrations of exogenous arachidonic acid were used, for 2-hour incubation of
      the cells, the production of identified metabolites, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2
      alpha, PGE2, PGD2, PGA + PGB and thromboxane B2, was slightly less in rheumatic
      cells. In general, the main metabolite formed was 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Some kind of
      feedback mechanism between prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides is suggested.

PMID- 6435244
TI  - Changes in zinc and zinc-dependent enzymes in rheumatoid patients during
      penicillamine treatment.
AB  - Zinc in granulocytes, erythrocytes, serum, urine and zinc-dependent enzymes
      (alkaline phosphatase in serum and granulocytes, carbonic anhydrase in
      erythrocytes) were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and
      during penicillamine therapy for 6 months. The zinc concentration in serum, urine
      and erythrocytes increased, while granulocyte zinc decreased. Alkaline
      phosphatase activity in plasma remained unchanged, while alkaline phosphatase in
      granulocytes decreased. Carbonic anhydrase activity in erythrocytes decreased.
      None of the changes could be related to the activity of the disease.

PMID- 6435245
TI  - Cartilage.

PMID- 6435246
TI  - Chromosomal location of human T-cell receptor gene Ti beta.
AB  - A complementary DNA probe corresponding to the beta-chain gene of Ti, the human T
      lymphocyte receptor, has been molecularly cloned. The chromosomal origin of the
      Ti beta gene was determined with the complementary DNA by screening a series of
      12 cell hybrid (mouse X human) DNA's containing overlapping subsets of human
      chromosomes. DNA hybridization (Southern) experiments showed that the human Ti
      beta gene resides on chromosome 7 and is thus not linked to the immunoglobulin
      loci or to the major histocompatibility locus in humans.

PMID- 6435248
TI  - Clinical research patients generate significant losses under diagnosis related
      groups (DRGs).

PMID- 6435247
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus: current state of the genetic hypothesis.

PMID- 6435249
TI  - Radiotherapeutic management of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6435250
TI  - Chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6435252
TI  - Where there is a doctor: strategies to increase productivity at lower costs. The
      economics of rural health care in the Dominican Republic.
AB  - The study of a rural health district in the Dominican Republic found relatively
      high levels of public and out-of-pocket primary health expenditures and poor
      quality of care. The inefficient use of public resources and low efficacy were
      attributed to: (1) underutilization of health services, (2) low productivity of
      human and physical resources, which in turn were caused by poor managerial
      practices, shortages of medicines, dispersion of the population and the
      compulsory 1-year rural social service required from all graduating physicians
      (known as pasantia in some Latin American countries and medicatura rural in
      others). Out-of-pocket health expenditures responded to unnecessary self
      referrals and excessive self-medications. The findings suggest that the quality
      of care can be improved and the public and out-of-pocket expenditures reduced by:
      (1) the replacement of the social service (pasantia) by permanent physicians, (2)
      the organization of communal pharmacies and (3) the establishment of outreach
      health posts. It is argued that today in the Dominican Republic as in many other
      Latin American countries unemployed or underemployed physicians are willing to
      take permanent positions in rural areas. The study suggests that rural physicians
      need and will be willing to accept the fact that much of their medical training
      has no applicability to the rural setting. The retraining or recycling of rural
      physicians for their new health roles is discussed also.

PMID- 6435251
TI  - New drugs and experimental approaches in ovarian cancer treatment.

PMID- 6435253
TI  - Changing patterns in pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - We reviewed the initial chest roentgenograms of 182 consecutive adult patients
      with proven active tuberculosis. Less than 50% of all cases were known or
      suspected at the time of initial presentation. There is a low degree of
      correlation between radiologically discernible active pulmonary tuberculosis and
      extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A high percentage of cases represent uncommon
      pulmonary locations. We present the frequency of occurrence of four common
      pulmonary patterns.

PMID- 6435254
TI  - Meningococcal meningitis in children: clinical comparison of disease produced by
      the minor and major serologic groups of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Since 1972, there has been an increased incidence of meningococcal disease due to
      the minor serologic groups, "serogroups," of Neisseria meningitidis. Few cases,
      however, have been reported in pediatric patients. We present 24 cases of
      meningococcal meningitis, ten of them (42%) due to serogroups X, Y, and Z N
      meningitidis. We believe these cases to be the largest group of pediatric
      patients with such meningitis thus far reported. The clinical disease produced by
      the minor serogroups was indistinguishable from that produced by the major
      serogroups. Our experience supports previous published reports that severe
      meningococcal disease does occur with the minor serogroups of N meningitidis, and
      this increasing incidence may be of major importance if vaccination programs are
      to be effective in controlling epidemic meningococcal disease.

PMID- 6435255
TI  - Nursing intervention scoring system in management of a surgical intensive care
      unit.
AB  - Hospital cost containment and nursing shortages have diminished resources
      available in surgical intensive care units (SICU). To provide a more quantitative
      approach to management of these resources, the nursing intervention scoring
      system (NISS) devised by Greenburg et al was instituted in the SICU at the VA
      Medical Center, Gainesville, Fla. The NISS scores for patients in the SICU were
      calculated without computer support. During a four-month study period, 725 NISS
      evaluations on 70 patients were collected. Characteristic curves of NISS scores
      versus postoperative days were generated from the data and were predictive of
      workloads in the unit. In addition, NISS patient scores provided a basis for day
      to-day bed control and provided an effective tool for management of nursing
      service staffing. The hospital administrators responded positively to
      quantitative documentation of SICU resource requirements by providing additional
      personnel, equipment, and intermediate care facilities. We have concluded that
      the NISS is an effective means of providing optimal day-to-day use of SICU beds.
      In addition, the NISS also provides the data needed to quantitate unit needs for
      nursing service and administration.

PMID- 6435256
TI  - Concentration of serum prealbumin and retinol-binding proteins during pregnancy.
AB  - Concentrations of the rapid-turnover plasma proteins prealbumin and retinol
      binding protein are measured in nonpregnant subjects to detect subclinical
      malnutrition. In this study, blood samples were taken from 30 normal pregnant
      women to establish normative data on the concentrations of these two plasma
      proteins during pregnancy. Twenty-five normal adults were used as controls. Total
      protein and albumin were concomitantly measured and, as expected, the
      concentration of both decreased during pregnancy. In contrast, plasma
      concentrations of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein remained unchanged. Two
      malnourished pregnant women had low levels of both prealbumin and retinol-binding
      protein, which reverted to normal once adequate caloric and protein intake was
      established. These findings suggest that prealbumin and retinol-binding protein
      measurements may be used during pregnancy to detect malnutrition and monitor the
      effect of dietary therapy.

PMID- 6435257
TI  - Thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein: noninvasive imaging.
AB  - Internal jugular thrombophlebitis usually results from contiguous infection or
      central catheterization. Ultrasonography and CT allow rapid, noninvasive methods
      of confirming the diagnosis of this condition. Although the choice of modality
      has not been systematically examined, where local expertise exists for both,
      ultrasonography is less expensive and should provide adequate images.

PMID- 6435258
TI  - Mealtime arterial O2 saturation in COPD.

PMID- 6435259
TI  - Malnutrition and immunocompetence in older and younger outpatients.
AB  - To determine the relationship between malnutrition and immune status in older and
      younger outpatients, we assessed 179 outpatient men according to nine markers of
      malnutrition and assigned them to a well nourished or a malnourished group.
      Immune status was measured by mixed lymphocyte culture, lymphocyte response to
      three mitogens, neutrophil chemotaxis, and immunoglobulin levels. Each group was
      further divided into those 65 years and older (28%) and those younger than 65
      years (72%). Malnutrition was present in 29% of the younger group and 38% of the
      older. Malnourished patients had less lymphocyte response to allogeneic cells and
      to phytohemagglutinin, but more response to pokeweed and higher IgA levels. In
      the younger group chemotaxis results showed that malnourished persons had higher
      responses than well nourished; the trend was opposite in the older group. More
      differences in immune status were found between malnourished and well nourished
      than between old and young, but more unfavorable responses were found in the
      older malnourished than in any other group. The study suggests that malnutrition
      is common among outpatients and that depressed immune responses associated with
      malnutrition can lead to disease, particularly in the elderly.

PMID- 6435260
TI  - Solitary cold thyroid nodule: cost-ineffectiveness of ultrasonography.
AB  - We reviewed our experience with thyroid sonography of 60 patients with
      nonfunctioning (cold) solitary thyroid nodules proven by iodine 123 scan. Twenty
      two patients had surgery; the remaining 38 had thyroid scan and ultrasound only.
      In the first group, the echograms did not demonstrate the surgically proven
      nodules in seven patients (32%). In the second group, the thyroid echograms were
      reported as negative in 12 patients (32%). Two of these patients had computerized
      tomography (CT) which confirmed the solitary nodule identified on the 123I scan.
      As a consequence, we no longer perform or recommend routine thyroid echograms on
      all scintigraphically cold solitary nodules. We believe that the extra cost of a
      thyroid echogram is not justified and that the most rational application of
      thyroid ultrasonography is in assessing the response of a nodule to suppressive
      hormonal therapy.

PMID- 6435261
TI  - Seizures activated by therapeutic levels of lithium carbonate.
AB  - We have described a 22-year-old woman who manifested clinical seizures after
      treatment with lithium carbonate was initiated. Serial electroencephalograms
      showed both nonspecific activation and activation of an epileptiform discharge
      with serum levels of lithium carbonate maintained within the therapeutic range.

PMID- 6435262
TI  - [Clinico-reontgenological diagnosis of pulmonary mycoplasmosis].

PMID- 6435263
TI  - [Cost-benefit analysis of a national immunization program against measles in
      Mexico].

PMID- 6435264
TI  - [Econometric decisions in public health].

PMID- 6435265
TI  - [Simplified manufacture of individual field shapers for radiotherapy with
      electrons].

PMID- 6435266
TI  - Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the oesophagus. A case report.
AB  - A patient with oesophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (believed to be the
      first case reported in the southern African literature) is described and the
      literature is reviewed. Although the pathogenesis of the condition remains
      uncertain, reflux oesophagitis, increased intra-oesophageal pressure and chronic
      monilial oesophagitis may be important antecedents. The characteristic
      histopathological findings include dilatation of the excretory ducts of the
      submucosal oesophageal mucous glands with periductal inflammation. The appearance
      of multiple flask-shaped outpouchings on barium studies is diagnostic. More
      recently, computed tomography has been shown to be useful in confirming the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6435267
TI  - [Transfer of 59Fe to reticulocytes from transferrin in the serum of children with
      signs of protein-calorie malnutrition].

PMID- 6435268
TI  - [Methods of preparing Factor VIII. I. Preparation and characteristics of a medium
      pure concentrate].

PMID- 6435269
TI  - A combination silastic catheter for long term central venous access for home
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - A combination catheter consisting of two Silastic catheters is described which
      provided long term venous access in three patients requiring home parenteral
      nutrition. Using the technique described herein, five catheters have been
      inserted percutaneously under local anesthesia with no immediate complications.

PMID- 6435270
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis: long-term surgical results of pancreatic duct drainage,
      pancreatic resection, and near-total pancreatectomy and islet
      autotransplantation.
AB  - Severe abdominal pain was the major indication for operation in 85 patients with
      chronic pancreatitis. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
      (50 patients) or intraoperative pancreatic ductograms (44 patients) demonstrated
      dilated or obstructed major pancreatic ducts in 50 patients (59%),
      nonvisualization of the distal duct in 10 patients (12%), and normal or small
      sized ducts in 34 patients (40%). Operative procedures, tailored according to
      duct morphology, included pancreatic duct drainage (46 patients), subtotal (40%
      to 80%) pancreatectomy (21 patients), near-total (85% to 95%) pancreatectomy
      alone (eight patients), and near-total or total pancreatectomy and intrahepatic
      islet autotransplantation (10 patients). Pancreatic duct drainage resulted in
      pain relief in 37/46 patients (80%) followed for 6 years. However, 20/46 patients
      (43%) had continued loss of pancreatic function after duct drainage as measured
      by the development of insulin-dependent diabetes (16 patients) or steatorrhea
      (seven patients). Seven years after subtotal pancreatectomy, pain relief was
      partial in 9/21 patients (43%) and complete in five patients (24%). A higher
      incidence of hypoglycemic or ketoacidotic complications was noted in patients
      treated by subtotal pancreatectomy (three patients, 14%) than by duct drainage
      (one patient, 2%). Near-total pancreatectomy was the most effective surgical
      procedure in relieving pain, but late sequelae in three patients (38%) included
      one hypoglycemic death and two ketoacidotic episodes. Five years after near-total
      pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation, one patient remained permanently
      insulin independent; three patients were insulin independent for 4, 5, and 15
      months, respectively, but subsequently developed nonketosis-prone diabetes
      (tested by insulin withdrawal) and require 15 to 30 U of insulin daily; three
      patients had immediate insulin requirements and currently need 20 to 30 U of
      insulin per day but are nonketosis prone; and two patients are ketosis prone and
      require 30 to 60 U of insulin daily. Our analysis suggests that 5-year survival
      of patients undergoing operation for chronic pancreatitis is similar after
      treatment by duct drainage, subtotal pancreatectomy, or near-total
      pancreatectomy, regardless of duct morphology. Five years after duct drainage or
      subtotal pancreatic resection, a high incidence of diabetes (59% and 48%) and/or
      continued pain (20%) and (35%) can be expected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6435271
TI  - Surgonomics: the cost of cholecystectomy.
AB  - Health care costs presently comprise more than one tenth of the nation's gross
      national product: One third of these expenditures are made by Medicare-Medicaid.
      National reimbursement changes for Medicare under a Diagnostic-Related Group
      system began October 1, 1983. Hospital charges (excluding physician charges) for
      all patients who underwent cholecystectomy without common bile duct exploration
      (Diagnostic-Related group 197 and 198) from Jan. 1, 1983 to March 31, 1983 were
      examined to quantify mean charges, variances, and components of hospital charges.
      Twenty-one patients (mean age 46.1 years) underwent elective cholecystectomy and
      24 patients (mean age 64.9 years) underwent emergency cholecystectomy. The mean
      charge for elective cholecystectomy was $4763 +/- $1656; the mean length of stay
      (LOS) was 8.0 +/- 3.2 days. Low and high trim points were $3211 to $10,639 and 5
      to 19 days LOS. Quartile cost analysis of the cost per patient showed that Q1 =
      18.5%, Q2 = 21.2%, Q3 = 24.0%, and Q4 = 36.3%. Analysis of services showed that
      laboratory work (urinalysis, hematology, coagulation, microbiology, and
      biochemistry) averaged $451 +/- $298 (9.5% of total), room and board $2635 +/-
      $1044 (55.3% of total), operating and recovery room $924 +/- $167 (19.4% of
      total), and central supply-pharmacy $350 +/- $158 (7.4% of total). The mean
      charge for patients undergoing emergency cholecystectomy was $11,436 +/- $4185;
      mean LOS was 17.8 +/- 6.5 days. Low and high trim points were $6353 to $19,734;
      LOS was 9 to 30 days. Services as percent of total were laboratory 15.8%, room
      and board 53.7%, operating and recovery room 9.14%, central supply-pharmacy 7.3%,
      and radiology 8.2%. Several important findings are noted: (1) For a given disease
      there is marked variance of hospital charges. (2) Mean charges of emergency
      patients were 240% that of elective patients. (3) Consumption of services varies
      significantly within each group and between groups. This study demonstrates the
      importance of in depth financial analysis of therapies. This is a first step to
      identify the components of variance where reduction will not affect quality of
      care.

PMID- 6435272
TI  - Topical versus systemic cephalosporin administration in elective biliary
      operations.
AB  - The role of prophylactic antibiotic lavage in elective biliary tract operations
      is controversial. To investigate this question, a prospective, randomized study
      was undertaken between 1979 and 1983. All patients more than 18 years of age who
      underwent elective biliary operations were included. Eighty-eight patients were
      enrolled in the study and were stratified into the following antibiotic groups:
      (1) cefamandole nafate 2 gm administered intravenously preoperatively and 6 hours
      postoperatively in four doses; (2) cefamandole nafate 0.4% solution: 250 ml to
      irrigate the abdominal wound on opening, 500 ml to irrigate the peritoneal
      cavity, and 250 ml to irrigate the wound on closing; and (3) systemic plus
      topical administrations as in Nos. 1 and 2. Age, sex, type of operation, and
      underlying diseases were comparable in all groups. The patients were then
      evaluated for postoperative infections. In the intravenous cefamandole group
      there was only one patient who developed a urinary tract infection after
      operation. In the topical cefamandole group there were four postoperative
      infections: wound-one, urinary tract--two, and cholangitis--one. In the
      intravenous plus topical cefamandole group there were four postoperative
      infections: wound--one, urinary tract--two, and pneumonia--one. No deaths
      occurred in any group. Blood, subcutaneous, and peritoneal drug levels were
      sampled 1 hour after opening and before closing. Therapeutic serum levels of
      cefamandole are 1 to 16 micrograms/ml and adequate serum levels were achieved in
      all groups. However, higher levels were obtained in the subcutaneous tissue and
      peritoneum when topical cefamandole was used. We conclude: (1) Topical
      cefamandole lavage alone is adequate prophylaxis in elective biliary operations
      and achieves comparable results as perioperative systemic administration; (2)
      topical cefamandole resulted in higher subcutaneous tissue and peritoneal levels
      than intravenous cefamandole and also achieved therapeutic serum levels; and (3)
      there is no advantage to the use of systemic plus topical antibiotics in elective
      biliary operations.

PMID- 6435273
TI  - Effect of long-term, peroral administration of sugar alcohols on man.
AB  - Certain sugar alcohols (polyols), notably mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol have
      gained use in food manufacturing for sweetening and technical purposes. These
      compounds are natural polyols that occur in small amounts in animals and plants.
      Some sugar alcohols, like xylitol, appear as normal intermediates in the
      carbohydrate metabolism. Exogenous mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol are metabolized
      in the human body along pre-existing, physiological pathways. Moderate doses of
      least xylitol and sorbitol are almost totally absorbed and metabolized, chiefly
      in the liver cells, thereby eventually contributing to the formation of glucose
      and liver glycogen. Various slowly absorbed carbohydrates, including sugar
      alcohols, when taken in orally in large quantities, can give rise to osmotic
      diarrhea. The available data indicate that the severity of such gastro-intestinal
      disturbances, induced by large doses of polyols, decrease in the following order:
      mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol. This osmotic diarrhea resembles that caused by
      lactose in subjects with restricted or frank lactose intolerance. The quantities
      of xylitol, for example, required to elicit diarrhea are so high that the
      consumption of xylitol for dental purposes does not cause any problems in
      children or adults. Long-term feeding trials and peroral loading experiments on
      human subjects have been unable to show any clinically significant differences
      between chronic users of xylitol and comparative human material in factors
      related to various metabolic functions of the body. These subjects have not shown
      any delayed or acute reactions which could be distinguished from those caused by
      the consumption of a sucrose diet. The available clinical data generally suggest
      that moderate consumption of the above polyols is not harmful to human
      metabolism.

PMID- 6435274
TI  - The effect of sugar alcohols on plaque and saliva level of Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - The usage of sucrose substitutes such as polyols in snack-type foods is a logical
      and practical means of reducing caries incidence without perturbing normal
      dietary eating patterns. S. mutans and L. casei can ferment mannitol and
      sorbitol, but are inactive towards xylitol. This ability of these cariogenic
      organisms to ferment the hexitols does not seem to be of concern when gums
      containing them are used at the normal rate. However, when hexitol gum usage is
      excessive, the S. mutans levels may increase. In contrast to the hexitols,
      excessive usage of gums sweetened with xylitol caused a significant decrease in
      the levels and proportions of S. mutans in saliva and plaque. While this effect
      on S. mutans may be an indirect one, this finding provides added evidence for the
      superiority of xylitol as a sucrose substitute in dentistry.

PMID- 6435275
TI  - Humoral immune dysfunction as a result of prenatal exposure to diphenylhydantoin:
      correlation with the occurrence of physical defects.
AB  - The effect of prenatal exposure to diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on postnatal immune
      function of offspring was studied using a longitudinal experimental design and in
      vivo immunoassays. Maternal Balb/c mice were dosed by gavage on gestation days 9
      through 18 with 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg DPH. Humoral immune function was assessed
      by measuring the serum antibody levels to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide 5
      days after immunization by radioimmunoassay. Cell-mediated immune function was
      assessed by measuring the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to the contact
      allergen oxazolone using a micrometer method. A dose-related suppression of
      humoral immune function was observed in male and female offspring at 25 days but
      not at 15 weeks of age. Cell-mediated immunity was not affected by prenatal DPH
      exposure at 25 days or 15 weeks of age. Offspring developed purulent eye exudates
      at 12 days of age; the incidence and persistence was related to DPH dose. The
      immunosuppressive effect of DPH on humoral immune function was significantly
      greater in offspring born with open eye defect than in similarly treated but
      physically normal offspring. The results suggest that prenatal exposure to DPH
      may adversely affect the normal development and expression of humoral immune
      function, particularly in those offspring with other manifestations of DPH's
      developmental toxicology.

PMID- 6435276
TI  - Incidence and potentiation of external and internal fetal anomalies resulting
      from chlordiazepoxide and amitriptyline alone and in combination.
AB  - The teratogenic potential of a combination of chlordiazepoxide (Cdz) and
      amitriptyline (Amt) was examined with regard to both internal and external
      anomalies. Timed pregnant golden hamsters were given a single intraperitoneal
      injection on day 8 of gestation of one of the following: chlordiazepoxide
      hydrochloride (28.5 mg/kg), amitriptyline hydrochloride (70.3 mg/kg), Cdz-Amt
      combination (28.5 mg/kg Cdz + 70.3 mg/kg Amt, in order to retain the 1:2.5 dose
      ratio utilized in a clinically-used preparation of these agents), or saline
      vehicle (control). Fetuses were recovered on gestation day 15 following maternal
      sacrifice. Cranial malformations were analyzed in Bouin's-fixed fetuses by making
      1-mm coronal sections through each head, whereas visceral anomalies were examined
      following general dissection of each body. Amt alone produced a significant (P
      less than 0.05) incidence of bent tail and encephalocele, whereas Cdz
      significantly (P less than 0.05) altered the male:female ratio of surviving
      fetuses when compared with saline-injected controls. The Cdz-Amt combination
      caused significant increases in cranial malformations, open eye, bent tail,
      abnormal lung, and urogenital anomalies. The teratogenic effects of potentiation
      between the components of this combination are discussed in terms of external and
      internal malformations.

PMID- 6435277
TI  - The graying of America and Texas...and doctors.

PMID- 6435278
TI  - Uptake of arachidonic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid and their incorporation
      into phospholipids and triacylglycerols of isolated murine hepatocytes. Effect of
      thrombin-antithrombin III complex.
AB  - Uptake and metabolism of arachidonic acid, arachidic acid and oleic acid were
      investigated in isolated hepatocytes prepared from mouse liver with the
      collagenase perfusion method. The rate of uptake of arachidonic acid was time-
      and concentration- dependent. 94-98% of the arachidonic acid was incorporated
      into the phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions following a 60 min incubation
      period at 37 degrees C. In the presence of thrombin-anti-thrombin III complex a
      change in the distribution of arachidonic acid incorporated into lipid fractions
      was found, i.e. increased incorporation into phosphatidyl-serine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas the uptake was not altered. There was no change
      in the uptake and incorporation of arachidic acid and oleic acid.

PMID- 6435279
TI  - Purification of the factor VIII complex.
AB  - Two high purity factor VIII concentrates, type I and type II were developed for
      clinical trials in patients with hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease. Fresh
      frozen plasma containing 1% polyethylene glycol 4000 was thawed to form
      cryoprecipitate, which was subsequently dissolved in citrate buffer. By addition
      of glycine buffer to a final concentration of 2.0 M at 26 degrees C, the bulk of
      fibrinogen was precipitated while factor VIII remained in solution. Factor VIII
      was precipitated from the glycine supernatant by addition of solid sodium
      chloride. The recovery of factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) per kg
      plasma was 271 +/- 23 units (n = 4) and 386 +/- 47 units (n = 7) for the type I
      and the type II preparations, respectively, while the recovery of von Willebrand
      factor related activity (ristocetin cofactor, VIIIR:RC) was 518 +/- 75 units and
      718 +/- 90 units per kg plasma, respectively. The specific activity (units per mg
      protein) of VIII:C in the type I and type II preparations were 2.53 +/- 1.02 and
      7.56 +/- 1.33, respectively. The specific activity (units per mg protein) of
      VIIIR:RC for the type I and type II preparations were 4.86 +/- 2.32 and 13.6 +/-
      3.7, respectively. VIIIR:Ag was present as multimers in both preparations, and
      the multimeric pattern was similar to that of normal plasma. The preparations
      have the ability to correct the prolonged bleeding time in severe von
      Willebrand's disease. The factor VIII complex in the type II preparations was
      further purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-1000. This preparation was free
      of fibrinogen and fibronectin. Its specific activity in terms of VIII:C was 47
      u/mg protein and 104 u/mg protein in terms of VIIIR:RC. The subunit of reduced
      factor VIIIR:Ag had Mr of 210 Kd on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 6435280
TI  - Characterization of calcium-dependent binding of endogenous factor VIII/von
      Willebrand factor to surface activated platelets.
AB  - Activation of washed platelets in the presence of EDTA with either 1 U/ml of
      alpha-thrombin or 2 microM calcium ionophore (A23187) caused the release of one
      third to one-half of the platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF)
      into the supernatant. When calcium was present in excess, only 10% of the
      platelet FVIII/vWF was detected free in the supernatant, regardless of whether
      calcium was present before stimulation or added to the platelets after thrombin
      activation. Release of [14C]serotonin and beta-thromboglobulin were not affected
      by divalent cations indicating that reduced supernatant levels of FVIII/vWF in
      the presence of calcium were not due to differential release, but were probably
      due to a calcium-dependent association of released FVIII/vWF with the platelet
      surface. The presence or absence of intact glycoprotein Ib on the platelet
      surface made no significant difference to the observed FVIII/vWF partition.
      Platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, however, failed to show
      a calcium effect with respect to released FVIII/vWF. The combined results suggest
      that as well as the ristocetin-dependent, divalent cation-independent binding of
      FVIII/vWF to glycoprotein Ib, there is a divalent cation-dependent binding of
      FVIII/vWF to the activated platelet surface which is mediated via the
      glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex.

PMID- 6435282
TI  - [Nutrition of the burn patient].

PMID- 6435281
TI  - [Serological study of the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetti and
      Brucella abortus in veterinarians in the Netherlands].
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-two large animal practitioners in the Netherlands were
      studied serologically for the presence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii (Q
      fever) and Brucella abortus. Eighty-four percent showed antibodies to Coxiella
      burnetii, which were equally distributed over all age-groups. For blood donors
      the proportion in men was 31 per cent and 14 per cent in women, also equally
      distributed over all age-groups. In the case of Brucella abortus, the number of
      veterinarians showing antibodies in creased with age from 6 to 69 per cent. The
      conclusion that Q-fever is enzootic in the Netherlands would appear to be
      justified. This is contrary to the view that was previously accepted.

PMID- 6435283
TI  - [Acute sporidiosis in cattle. A case of clinically natural meningoencephalitis
      caused by Sarcocystis cruzi in a bull].

PMID- 6435284
TI  - Hyperoxia and paraquat alter the kinetics of platelet serotonin uptake.
AB  - Platelets and serotonin (5-HT) have been increasingly implicated in the
      pathophysiological response to lung microvascular injury. These experiments were
      undertaken to study the effect of agents known to injure the pulmonary
      microvasculature on platelet function, i.e., 5-HT uptake kinetics. Mice were
      exposed to 100% normobaric oxygen (24 to 96 hr) or pretreated ip (3 to 24 hr)
      with paraquat dichloride (50 mg/kg), diquat dibromide (68 mg/kg), or alpha
      naphthylthiourea (ANTU, 10 mg/kg). Mouse platelet 5-HT accumulation was described
      by a saturable uptake system, possessing high affinity and low capacity, acting
      in conjunction with passive diffusion. The kinetic constants for the saturable
      uptake system in control mice were Km 3.37 +/- 0.32 X 10(-7) M and Vmax 46.7 +/-
      3.5 pmol 10(8) platelets-1 min-1. Exposure to oxygen for 24 hr resulted in an
      increased affinity, Km 1.91 +/- 0.67 X 10(-7) M, and a decreased Vmax, 20.0 +/-
      5.0 pmol 10(8) platelets-1 4 min-1, with no change in the passive diffusion
      component. Pretreatment with paraquat (3 hr) produced similar changes (Km 1.71 +/
      0.27 X 10(-7) M and Vmax 15.8 +/- 1.6 pmol 10(8) platelets-1 4 min-1), while
      diquat and ANTU failed to alter the kinetics of platelet 5-HT uptake. These
      changes appeared to require a pulmonary toxicant capable of generating a flux of
      oxygen radicals, and were not due to either the presence of residual toxicant,
      the presence of an endogenous inhibitor in platelet-rich plasma, or changes in
      the platelet content of endogenous 5-HT. This study has shown that hyperoxia and
      paraquat affect platelet function, and suggests that this alteration may
      contribute to the pathophysiological response of the pulmonary microvasculature
      to injury produced by these agents.

PMID- 6435285
TI  - Comparative influences of different PB-type and 3-MC-type polychlorinated
      biphenyl-induced phenotypes on cytocidal hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene and
      acetaminophen.
AB  - The influences of in vivo treatment with two pure PCB congeners, 2,2',4,4',5,5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP), on the lethal
      cytotoxicity of bromobenzene and acetaminophen were examined in short-term
      primary cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes. Lethal injury was measured by
      release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into culture medium after 20 hr exposure
      to the hepatotoxins. The HCBP, a PB-type inducer of cytochrome P-450, resembled
      phenobarbitone (PB) in its ability to increase susceptibility of hepatocytes to
      bromobenzene (0.5 to 1.6 mM) and acetaminophen (1 to 16 mM). This induced
      sensitivity was consistently inhibited by SKF-525-A (10 microM) but not alpha
      naphthoflavone (ANF, 10 microM) in culture. The 3,3',4,4'-TCPB, a 3-MC-type
      inducer of cytochrome P-450, resembled 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) in its
      inability to induce susceptibility to bromobenzene. TCBP and 3-MC each increased
      (20- to 30-fold) cytotoxicity of acetaminophen by a mechanism substantially
      inhibitable by ANF but not SKF-525-A. These results demonstrate that categorizing
      pure PCB isomers and congeners into groups according to their different induction
      capabilities is predictive for their ability to modulate acute hepatocellular
      necrosis by bromobenzene and acetaminophen.

PMID- 6435286
TI  - Biochemical indices of cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CP) requires metabolic activation for its therapeutic action,
      and this metabolism results in the formation of two toxic metabolites, acrolein
      (ACR) and phosphoramide mustard (PM). To determine which metabolite is
      responsible for CP-induced lung injury, biochemical indices of toxicity and
      histopathologic changes in the lungs of CP-, ACR-, or PM-treated rats were
      evaluated. Experimental rats were given 200 mg kg-1 day-1 CP, 5 mg kg-1 day-1
      ACR, or 50 mg kg-1 day-1 PM for 1 to 3 days, or were given 100 mg/kg CP for 1
      day; control rats received vehicle alone for 1 to 3 days. Twenty-four hr after
      the last treatment the lungs were analyzed for (a) microsomal NADPH cytochrome c
      reductase and aniline hydroxylase activities; (b) microsomal lipid peroxide
      formation; and (c) glutathione content. In rats given 200 mg/kg CP, NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase and aniline hydroxylase activities decreased 66% (p less
      than 0.001) and 40% (p less than 0.001), respectively. Lipid peroxidation was
      increased 100 to 200% (p less than 0.001), and glutathione content was increased
      60 to 70% (p less than 0.001). Similar but smaller changes were observed in the
      lungs of rats given 100 mg/kg CP. In rats given ACR, NADPH cytochrome c reductase
      and aniline hydroxylase activities decreased 66% (p less than 0.001) and 45% (p
      less than 0.001), and glutathione content increased 38% (p less than 0.05). In
      rats given PM, none of the biochemical variables examined were significantly
      altered. Phenobarbital and SKF 525-A prevented CP-induced biochemical
      alterations. Despite CP-induced biochemical alterations, no significant light
      microscopic changes were observed in the lungs. Alterations in lung mixed
      function oxidase activity, GSH content, and microsomal lipid peroxide formation
      are early biochemical indices of CP-induced lung toxicity, and are due at least
      in part to the reactive metabolite ACR.

PMID- 6435287
TI  - Effect of toluidines on drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver, kidney and lung.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with o-, m- and p-toluidine on the drug-metabolizing
      enzymes of liver, kidney and lung in rats were investigated. The activities of
      microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), aminopyrine demethylase, NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase, epoxide hydrolase, cytosolic glutathione S-transferase as
      well as the concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 were determined.
      The obtained results showed that o-toluidine increased the activity of AHH in all
      tested organs; a particularly marked increase was observed in the kidney. The
      activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and the content of cytochrome b5 were
      enhanced by o-toluidine only in the liver. m-Toluidine enhanced the glutathione S
      transferase activity while the p-isomer increased both the epoxide hydrolase and
      the glutathione S-transferase activities. p-Toluidine decreased the AHH and
      aminopyrine demethylase activities and the cytochrome P-450 content. These
      results may explain in part the previously reported observations on carcinogenic
      activity of o-toluidine.

PMID- 6435288
TI  - Mutagenic potential of 4 organophosphinate compounds.
AB  - The mutation frequency of four organophosphinate compounds at various
      concentrations currently being investigated for their prophylactic ability in
      anticholinesterase poisoning was assessed using the sexlinked recessive lethal
      (SLRL) assay. Fisher's Exact Test indicated non-significant differences (P
      greater than 0.05) for: 4-nitrophenyl methyl (phenyl) phosphinate at 0.002 mM; 4
      nitrophenyl monochloromethyl (phenyl) phosphinate at 0.007, 0.05 and 0.01 mM; 4
      nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphinate at 0.35 and 0.51 mM; and 4-nitrophenyl dimethyl
      phosphinate at 0.005 and 0.01 mM compared to concurrent negative controls. This
      non-mutagenic activity of these four compounds was also confirmed by other
      researchers using the Ames assay.

PMID- 6435290
TI  - [Use of technetium-labeled chelating compounds for the evaluation of their
      penetration into the dentin].

PMID- 6435289
TI  - Absorption of 3-nitropropanol (miserotoxin aglycone) from the compound stomach of
      cattle.
AB  - Miserotoxin, the toxic component of certain Astragalus spp. (Leguminosae), was
      rapidly hydrolyzed to 3-nitropropanol (NPOH) in the rumen of cattle dosed with
      timber milkvetch (A. miser var. serotinus). The aglycone showed a rapid rate of
      disappearance from the rumen with an average half-life of 1.24 h. In contrast to
      the passage of Co-EDTA, which showed an exponential rate of increase in the
      abomasum, NPOH was not detected in abomasal fluid collected from dosed cattle.
      Rapid absorption of NPOH from the rumen was shown by plasma levels of 3
      nitropropionic acid (NPA) and inorganic nitrite, but conversion of NPOH to NPA
      was not observed to any significant extent in the rumen.

PMID- 6435291
TI  - The influence of aflatoxins on child health in the tropics with particular
      reference to kwashiorkor.
AB  - Aflatoxins are common environmental hazards in all the underdeveloped countries
      of the tropics where they commonly contaminate food. They are toxic to most
      species of animals and are among the most powerful carcinogenic agents known. The
      liver is the principal target for toxicity. Metabolic derangements caused by
      aflatoxins include depression of protein and enzyme synthesis, disorder of lipid
      metabolism and immunological suppression. The aetiology and pathogenesis of
      kwashiorkor remains somewhat obscure. Similarities in the geographical and
      climatic prevalence of kwashiorkor and aflatoxins and similarities in the
      metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins and those observed in kwashiorkor,
      prompted investigation of the relationship between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor in
      the Sudan and elsewhere in Africa. Analysis of foods from markets and in homes
      revealed widespread aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins were found more
      frequently and at higher concentrations in the serum of children with kwashiorkor
      than in those with other types of malnutrition or in normal children.
      Aflatoxicol, a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 was detected in serum in kwashiorkor
      and marasmic kwashiorkor but not in normally nourished children and only once in
      marasmus. Autopsy liver samples from West and Southern Africa have shown
      aflatoxins in all cases of kwashiorkor but not in marasmus. These findings
      establish relationships between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor the nature of which
      remains obscure but includes the possibility of a causal association.

PMID- 6435292
TI  - Preliminary report on arbovirus-antibody prevalence among patients in Kuwait:
      evidence of Congo/Crimean virus infection.
AB  - From two major hospitals in Kuwait 502 sera were randomly selected from patients
      during the period December 1979 to October 1982. Serological investigations
      demonstrated Flavivirus activity in the area and antibody to Congo/Crimean
      haemorrhagic fever virus was found in 4% of the samples. Clinical data indicate
      that some cases may have been due to recent Congo/Crimean virus infection.

PMID- 6435293
TI  - Proposed new notation for the In(Lu) modifying gene.

PMID- 6435294
TI  - Intensive plasma exchange therapy in ten patients with idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Intensive plasma exchange therapy with fresh-frozen plasma as the replacement
      fluid was used to manage ten patients, five with acute and five with chronic
      immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Therapy was started because of severe
      hemorrhage (1 case), failure to respond to steroid therapy (6 cases), or steroid
      dependence (3 cases). After a median of four exchanges over 6 days (median total
      volume removed, 11.7 liters), initial responses, defined as a platelet count
      greater than 100,000 per microliter at the end of the exchange series, were
      observed in 80 percent of the patients treated. Two adolescents, ages 16 and 17
      years, with chronic ITP failed to respond to plasma exchange therapy and
      subsequently responded to splenectomy. Prolonged remissions of 9 months and
      greater than 2 years were observed in two patients with acute ITP; in patients
      with chronic ITP, no prolonged remissions occurred. Neither pre-exchange levels
      of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG) nor circulating immune complexes
      predicted the response to plasma exchange, although serially determined PAIgG
      levels correlated with the severity of ITP and response, or lack of response, to
      plasma exchange. We conclude that intensive plasma exchange merits further study
      in patients with acute ITP unresponsive to steroid therapy to determine if the
      need for splenectomy is reduced. In selected patients with chronic ITP, exchange
      therapy may provide short-term adjunctive benefit.

PMID- 6435295
TI  - Results of biliary reconstruction after liver transplantation.

PMID- 6435296
TI  - Results of heart-lung preservation for transplantation.

PMID- 6435297
TI  - Advances in human neoprene-injected pancreas transplantation: experience with 47
      cases.

PMID- 6435298
TI  - Theileria mutans infection in Nigerian cattle.
AB  - In a 12 year survey in the former Northern Provinces of Nigeria antibodies to
      Theileria mutans were found to have a prevalence rate of 32.6 to 85%. The
      indirect fluorescent antibody test was found to be more efficient than thin blood
      smear examination in detecting cattle exposed to T. mutans. The high prevalence
      of T. mutans infection was attributed to the high prevalence of Amblyomma species
      in the area under study.

PMID- 6435299
TI  - [Comparative study of the sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa with 4 aminoglycosides].

PMID- 6435300
TI  - T3 bladder cancer: salvage rather than elective cystectomy after radiotherapy.
AB  - Treatment of a series of 194 patients with T3 (B2/C) tumors by radical
      radiotherapy, 5,000 to 5,500 rad in four weeks, produced a five-year survival of
      40 per cent. Patients whose tumor completely disappeared after treatment (N = 97)
      had a five-year survival of 69 per cent. These results raise doubts about the
      necessity of performing elective cystectomy in patients who achieve complete
      response after radiotherapy, though the significantly better survival of partial
      responders who underwent salvage cystectomy emphasizes the need for an active
      policy of cystectomy once failure to respond completely to radiotherapy has been
      established and a need for techniques to give early indication of nonresponse to
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 6435301
TI  - Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83
      dogs.
AB  - Eighty-three cutaneous mast cell tumors in the dog were classified
      morphologically into three grades. The neoplasms were excised surgically, and the
      dogs were followed for 1500 days. Comparison of morphologic grade of tumor with
      survival time revealed significant differences among the three groups (p less
      than 0.00010). Comparison of sex and age (above and below ten years) with
      morphologic grade of tumor revealed no significant differences.

PMID- 6435303
TI  - Titration in cattle of infectivity and immunogenicity of autologous cell lines
      infected with Theileria parva.
AB  - Cell lines infected with Theileria parva were derived by infection of bovine
      peripheral blood lymphocytes with sporozoites in vitro. Cattle were inoculated
      with doses of autologous infected cells ranging from 1 X 10(1) to 1 X 10(8).
      Infection became established in animals which received 1 X 10(2) or more cells.
      While 1 X 10(2) cells resulted in sub-patent infection with development of
      immunity to challenge with sporozoites, larger doses of cells gave rise to patent
      infections of increasing severity. Thus, doses of 1 X 10(5) and 1 X 10(6) cells
      sometimes produced lethal infections and with 1 X 10(7) and 1 X 10(8) the outcome
      was invariably lethal. Based on the previous observation that induction of
      immunity by allogeneic cells requires transfer of infection into the recipient
      host cells, a comparison of the infections produced by autologous and allogeneic
      cells indicated that the transfer of infection from allogeneic cells occurs at a
      frequency of maximally 1 X 10(-5). Two pairs of cattle were identified as being
      mutually non-reactive in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Doses of 1 X 10(6)
      and 1 X 10(7) cells of cell lines derived from 1 animal of each pair were
      inoculated into the autologous host, the non-reactive partner and an animal which
      was shown to be strongly reactive to the donor in the MLR. In each instance, the
      reaction in the MLR non-reactive recipient was not significantly different from
      that of the MLR reactive recipient, but was markedly different from that of the
      autologous recipient.

PMID- 6435302
TI  - Plasma progesterone and gonadotrophin concentrations following norgestomet
      treatment with and without cloprostenol in beef cows.
AB  - Twelve Hereford cross Friesian cows received subcutaneous implants containing 6
      mg norgestomet and intramuscular injections of 5 mg oestradiol valerate and 3 mg
      norgestomet. Six of the cows also received 0.5 mg cloprostenol eight days later
      and all implants were removed on day 9. When treatment was commenced between days
      3 and 5 of the ovarian cycle, luteal function was not prevented although the
      luteal phase was shortened in some cases. When treatment was commenced between
      days 8 and 14 of the cycle progesterone concentrations remained above basal
      levels for five to seven days. Cows with corpora lutea that were given
      cloprostenol underwent rapid luteolysis. It is concluded that oestradiol valerate
      does not control luteal function adequately, particularly if administered early
      in the cycle, and this may explain failure of oestrus synchronisation in some
      cases. Administration of prostaglandin 24 hours before norgestomet implant
      removal may improve the degree of oestrus synchronisation in groups of cyclic
      cows.

PMID- 6435304
TI  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of immunoglobulins against bovine
      Brucella abortus.
AB  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the detection of Brucella abortus antibody is
      described. The assay, performed in flexible 96-well microplates coated with
      Brucella abortus antigens, utilizes 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A to
      detect antibody to Brucella abortus. The parameters of the assay have been
      analyzed using well recognized statistical methods. Least squares analysis of
      antigen concentration, antiserum dilution, antigen by antiserum and replicates
      within antigen by antiserum, estimated an r2 of 0.98, a coefficient of variation
      of 3.58 and a standard deviation of 0.10. Results of regression analysis of serum
      dilution versus antigen concentration (ranging from 635 micrograms/ml to 6.35
      ng/ml) indicated that an antigen concentration of 6.35 micrograms/ml was the most
      efficient for describing antibody variability (r2 = 0.98, with a coefficient of
      variation = 3.28). Regression analysis also revealed a closer correlation between
      the radioimmunoassay with complement fixation test (r2 = 0.98) than with the
      standard tube test (r2 = 0.84). Detection of specific antibody assessed by
      radioimmunoassay was 4 to 64 fold more sensitive than the standard tube test
      titer and 16 to 32 fold more sensitive than the complement fixation test titer.
      The results described here indicate that this radioimmunoassay is very sensitive
      and may be capable of discriminating between false positives and false negatives,
      thereby, improving the diagnostic efficiency of Brucella serologic tests.

PMID- 6435305
TI  - Aggregation of bovine platelets by acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine
      (platelet activating factor).
AB  - Platelet activating factor is a multifaceted mediator of inflammation capable of
      stimulating platelet aggregation as well as anaphylaxis, neutropenia and numerous
      other in vitro and in vivo cellular changes. This lipid mediator, or autocoid, is
      released by a wide variety of inflammatory cells following an equally diverse
      group of cellular stimuli including phagocytosis or antigenic stimulation. The
      synthesized form of PAF is acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC). In
      this study AGEPC aggregated bovine platelets in a dose dependent manner. Maximal,
      irreversible aggregation occurred at 3.6 X 10(-11) M AGEPC with unwashed
      platelets and at 8.8 X 10(-12) M AGEPC with washed platelets. Aggregation failed
      to occur when platelets were tested with the biologically inactive structural
      analog of AGEPC. The possible contribution by platelet cyclooxygenase products
      was eliminated by showing lack of platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid and
      also by pretreating platelets with aspirin.

PMID- 6435307
TI  - Herpes oesophagitis. II. Electron microscopical findings.
AB  - Ultra-thin sections obtained from routine biopsy specimens and cytological smears
      of 3 cases, together with one autopsy case suggestive of herpes oesophagitis,
      clearly demonstrate herpes viruses. The infected epithelial cells reveal
      different stages of virus replication and propagation. Cowdry A type inclusion
      bodies, however, representing early alterations in the course of infection are
      less frequent. Ground-glass looking nuclei of light microscopical balloon cells
      and infected multinuclear giant cells of epithelial origin are characteristic
      changes of the late ulcerative stage of herpes oesophagitis usually seen at the
      time of detection. These typical virus induced cell changes are mostly to be
      found at the ulcers edge.

PMID- 6435306
TI  - A method for T-antigen demonstration by a polyclonal antibody and peanut lectin;
      elimination of cross-reaction with naturally occurring antibodies.
AB  - Antisera and a lectin were used to demonstrate T-antigens in colorectal
      carcinomas. Rabbits were immunized with red blood cells on which the T-antigen
      had been exposed. The obtained polyclonal antiserum and a crude lectin (PNA)
      prepared from peanuts were used in an immunoperoxidase technique. The crude
      lectin and a chromatographic pure lectin showed the same staining specificity.
      Different fixatives, length of fixation and buffer compositions were tested on
      paraplast and frozen sections. Four per cent formaldehyde preserved the antigens
      well in paraplast embedded tissues when fixation was shorter than 48 h. In the
      immunoperoxidase technique the chromatogen used was 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole
      whose staining intensity was sensitive to the H2O2 concentration. Agglutination
      of T-exposed red blood cells was used to assess the anti-T titre of various sera.
      Normal animal serum contained anti-T antibodies, and the possibility of false
      positive reactions and methods to avoid it in immunohistochemistry is discussed.

PMID- 6435308
TI  - Identification of endotoxin-positive cells in the rat lung during shock.
AB  - Following an intravenous administration into rats of a shock-inducing dose of
      endotoxin (2 mg) the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was demonstrated
      immunohistochemically (light and electron microscopy) and determined
      quantitatively (radio-labelled LPS) in the lung tissue and in isolated alveolar
      macrophages. At different times after LPS injection morphological investigations
      of the pulmonary tissue and alveolar macrophages were carried out. One hour after
      endotoxin treatment 3% of the alveolar macrophages were already LPS-positive. The
      maximum extent of the immunoperoxidase reaction for endotoxin (100% cells
      involved) was observed on day 3, the vast majority (98%) of the alveolar
      macrophages being LPS-positive still on day 14. 0.9% of the injected radio
      labelled LPS preparation was found to be associated with lung tissue on day 3. By
      this time 0.173 microgram LPS/10(6) alveolar macrophages was detected. During the
      time of ultrastructural investigation endotoxin appeared in the lung only within
      cells. By their high capacity for storing endotoxin and their numerical
      superiority the mononuclear phagocytes are the leading LPS-positive cells in the
      lung, although granulocytes, endothelial cells, and alveolar epithelial cells
      were sometimes also involved. The accumulation of a high percentage of activated
      macrophages in the lung seen in the late stage of shock could represent at least
      one of the main factors leading to damage of pulmonary tissue. The correlation
      between appearance of LPS-positive macrophages and histological signs of lung
      tissue injury in the present investigation is striking.

PMID- 6435309
TI  - [Microbiological diagnosis of typhoid-paratyphoid diseases and detection of their
      causative agents in the environment].

PMID- 6435310
TI  - [Experimental and clinical study of the electrophoresis of drugs with
      immunodepressive action].

PMID- 6435311
TI  - [Impaired function of the sympatho-adrenal system in patients with esophageal and
      stomach cancer].
AB  - Patients with esophageal and gastric cancer show a decreased diurnal excretion of
      DOPA matched by a considerable drop in the urine levels of catecholamines and
      their main metabolites as compared with healthy subjects. This points to a severe
      inhibition of synthesis and metabolism of catecholamines at all stages. Tumor
      process progression is accompanied by an ever-increasing inhibition of sympatho
      adrenal system function. Simultaneously, disorders develop in the functioning of
      the cholinergic structures of the nervous system.

PMID- 6435312
TI  - [Endogenous nitrogen losses in rats fed by intravenous and enteral routes].
AB  - Endogenous losses of nitrogen were studied under the feeding with isocaloric
      mixtures containing glucose, polycose, mineral substances, and vitamins. At the
      end of the first week endogenous losses of nitrogen with urine and feces under
      both routes of feeding were higher than at the end of the second week of nitrogen
      free feeding. Upon intravenous feeding the nitrogen-saving action of the mixture
      containing glucose was more remarkable at the end of the second week than that of
      the mixture containing glucose and fatty emulsion. Endogenous losses of nitrogen
      upon intravenous feeding with a mixture containing fatty emulsion and glucose and
      losses upon intragastric feeding with a mixture of fatty emulsion and polycose
      were similar at the end of the second week.

PMID- 6435313
TI  - [Casein and gluten utilization by the body].
AB  - The time-course of changes in casein and gluten utilization was elucidated in
      rats in 2 experiments lasting 52 and 84 days by means of determining the protein
      effectiveness coefficient (PEC). The PEC was measured every other 4 days. Casein
      utilization decreased continuously and almost rectilinearly, whereas gluten
      utilization first rose (adaptation) and then descended (deadaptation). It is
      concluded that the time-course of changes in utilization of unbalanced wheat
      protein is linked not only with restitution of the enzymatic systems but also
      with mobilization and depletion of the reserve possibilities of the body.

PMID- 6435314
TI  - Automated determination of ABO/Rh in microplates.
AB  - A semi-automated system for determining the ABO group and Rh type of blood
      samples has been developed using a commercially available automated microplate
      (ELISA) reader and a microcomputer. Optimization of serologic, measurement and
      interpretation parameters was accomplished without significantly changing an
      existing manual procedure. The first pass noninterpretation rate of this system
      in the laboratory prior to field trials is 7.1%. A commercial system of this type
      should be cost-effective as a primary instrument for small to medium sized blood
      centers and transfusion services.

PMID- 6435315
TI  - Chemical dependency. Part I: Identification.

PMID- 6435316
TI  - AIDS.

PMID- 6435317
TI  - Lymphatic filariasis. Fourth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Filariasis.

PMID- 6435319
TI  - [Inhalation provocation test with lysine acetylsalicylic acid (Aspisol)--a useful
      method for the diagnosis of analgesic asthma].
AB  - In patients with analgesics induced asthma (AIA) provocation tests by inhalation
      are less dangerous than oral provocation. Bianco et al. and Schmitz-Schumann et
      al. described an inhalation provocation test (IPT) with Lysine-acetylsalicylic
      acid (Lys-ASA). We found analgesics induced asthma in 5 p.c. of our patients with
      bronchial asthma. The results of 41 IPT with Lys-ASA are reported. In 26 of 29
      patients with analgesics intolerance in the history the test was positive after a
      threshold dose of 18,0 mg (9,3-53,3 mg) Lys-ASA. 3 patients believed to have
      analgesics intolerance. It could be excluded by negative IPT and following
      negative oral provocation. In a control group of 12 patients with intrinsic
      asthma, nasal polyps and sinusitis, but without analgesics intolerance in the
      history, the test was positive too in 2 patients. They didn't use analgesics in
      the past years. The diagnosis could be confirmed by oral provocation. In our
      opinion IPT with Lys-ASA is very useful to find an AIA or to exclude it. It is
      better controllable than oral provocation. The induced bronchospasm is good
      reversible by inhalation of beta-mimetics or injection of methylxanthines.
      Intraindividual variations of bronchial tolerance can be supposed. All patients
      with AIA tolerated oral provocation with salicyclamide.

PMID- 6435318
TI  - Islet autotransplantation in the pancreatectomized dog: effect of time on graft
      function.

PMID- 6435320
TI  - [Effect of aminophylline on pulmonary hypertension].
AB  - The following study was undertaken as a contribution to a therapeutic programme
      of pulmonary hypertension. The existence of a functional vascular component in
      patients suffering from silicosis complicated by chronic latent or manifest
      pulmonary hypertension has to be assumed. In these cases a therapeutic influence
      of aminophylline could be observed. The influence of repeated exercise was
      discerned by means of control group. Furthermore the importance of a rapid
      analysis of drug serum concentration during investigation by means of high
      pressure liquid chromatography could be demonstrated.

PMID- 6435321
TI  - [Long-term therapy of hypertrophic obstructive and non-obstructive cardiomyopathy
      with nifedipine in comparison to propranolol].
AB  - On 24 patients with ascertained hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and
      hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy in a long-term experiment over 6
      months the effect of 30 mg Nifedipin per day on subjective and objective
      parameters was investigated and compared with Propranolol. The subjective
      symptoms were in a larger extent improved by Propranolol than by Nifedipin. In
      contrast to Propranolol Nifedipin had no influence on the systolic function on
      the basis of the systolic time intervals. The diastolic heart function, assessed
      by means of the cardiographic criteria of the apex, was improved by Nifedipin in
      circa the same extent as by Propranolol. The results altogether allow the
      conclusion that the application of Nifedipin seems to be reasonable in patients
      with contraindication to beta-receptor-blockers or Verapamil or when there is no
      reaction to these preparations. When there is no satisfying result, a combination
      with beta-blockers should also be attempted.

PMID- 6435323
TI  - [Do we treat systemic sclerosis (progressive scleroderma) for too short a
      period?].

PMID- 6435322
TI  - [Incorporation of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid into collagen of the skin.
      Structural changes].
AB  - As previously shown by two dimensional thin-layer chromatography L-azetidine-2
      carboxylic-acid (L-Az) is incorporated into type I skin collagen instead of
      proline when 3 week old mice are fed with a 0,1% solution of L-Az orally.
      Ultrastructural investigations did not reveal significant changes in collagen
      periodicity and on fibril diameter. The collagen fibrils of the upper papillary
      dermis seemed to be packed more densely, sometimes only one electron dense lamina
      was seen instead of basal lamina and plasma membrane. The glycosaminoglycane
      induced fibrillogenesis was not changed in contrary to the collagen-heat-gelation
      fibrillogenesis at 37 degrees C, where no gel aggregation could be seen. The
      reconstruction of native fibres from collagen solutions was disturbed too,
      several finer precipitated fibrils being detectable. On infrared spectroscopy
      significant differences in absorption spectra were detected. Correlating with
      previous results of reduced tensile strength and normal melting point of L-Az
      collagen we can conclude that L-Az might cause rather intermolecular than
      intramolecular disturbances of crosslinking.

PMID- 6435324
TI  - [Function and interaction of the right and left ventricle in patients with mitral
      valve stenosis].
AB  - In 17 patients with mitral stenosis functional class III (NYHA) and chronic
      pulmonary hypertension, volumes and function of the right (RV) and left ventricle
      (LV) were analysed. Biplane cineventriculography of the right and left ventricle
      was performed subsequently and repeated 3 min after application of 1.6 mg
      nitroglycerin (NTG), which was given sublingually to decrease pre- and afterload.
      Pulmonary artery (PAP) and wedge pressures (PCW) were measured continuously. RV
      ejection fraction (EF) was 62.8 +/- 7.2% before and did not change significantly
      after NTG. RV enddiastolic volume index (EDVI) and endsystolic volume index
      (ESVI) was 80.7 +/- 27.2 ml/m2 and 31.7 +/- 11.9 ml/m2, respectively, and did not
      change significantly after NTG. Volumes and function of the LV were normal
      (LVEDVI: 66.5 +/- 13.5 ml/m2, LVESVI: 23.0 +/- 7.1 ml/m2, LVEF: 62.4 +/- 9.5%).
      Systolic PAP decreased significantly from 43.4 +/- 11.1 mm Hg before to 37.8 +/-
      9.1 mm Hg after NTG (p less than 0.025) as well as total pulmonary resistance
      from 243 +/- 51 to 209 +/- 50.8 dynes . sec . cm-5 (p less than 0.05). No
      significant correlation was found between function and volumes of both
      ventricles. In 4 patients, however, the decrease in LV ejection fraction was
      associated with a considerable increase of right ventricular enddiastolic volume.
      Thus, the right ventricle compensates moderate pulmonary hypertension completely
      maintaining normal right ventricular function. If, however, septal dysfunction
      occurs, right ventricular insufficiency will develop in a shorter period of time.

PMID- 6435325
TI  - [pH-induced inactivation of glycerol dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium].
AB  - The kinetic of the reversible dissociation of glycerol dehydrogenase from
      Bacillus megaterium in slightly alkaline medium was measured by biochemical,
      chemical and physical methods. The dissociation is followed by changes in the
      secondary structure and can be prevented by addition of NAD or increased
      potassium chloride concentration. Crosslinking by suberimidate, but not by
      monofunctional imido esters, shows a high stabilization against alkali, urea or
      heat inactivation caused by hindrance of dissociation.

PMID- 6435326
TI  - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sprats from the
      southern Baltic, 1981.
AB  - 102 samples of the muscle tissue of sprat netted in 1981 in the southern part of
      the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its
      analogues (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of
      benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-BHC). The mean values
      obtained related to wet weight for sprat muscle meat were: 6.4 micrograms HCB/kg,
      11 micrograms alpha-BHC/kg, 20 micrograms gamma-BHC/kg, 33 micrograms p,p'
      DDE/kg, 42 micrograms p,p'-DDD/kg, 31 micrograms p,p'-DDT/kg, 110 micrograms
      sigma DDT/kg and 670 micrograms PCB/kg; beta-BHC was detectable in trace amounts
      and delta-BHC was undetected. The results are compared with values reported
      previously by other authors.

PMID- 6435327
TI  - [Residues of organic chlorine compounds in Hessian milk products from 1978 to
      1982].
AB  - According to representative investigations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and of
      organic environmental chemicals the load in Hessian milk and milk products has
      regressed since 1978. With the exception of alpha-HCH all actually investigated
      residues are definitely at under 10% of the permitted levels. The very low base
      levels of all the other compounds are definitely due to environmental influences,
      since agriculture hardly contributes to the residues of these compounds in the
      ecosphere.

PMID- 6435328
TI  - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in herring from the
      southern Baltic, 1981.
AB  - A total of 295 samples of muscle tissue from herring netted in 1981 in the
      southern part of the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls
      (PCBs), DDT and analogues (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and isomers of
      benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-BHC). The mean values
      obtained for herring muscle tissue relating to wet weight were: 8.6 micrograms
      HCB/kg, 12 micrograms alpha-BHC/kg, 20 micrograms gamma-BHC/kg, 41 micrograms
      p,p'-DDE/kg, 49 micrograms p,p'-DDD/kg, 30 micrograms p,p'-DDT/kg, 120 micrograms
      sigma DDT/kg and 550 micrograms PCB/kg; beta-BHC was detectable in trace amounts
      and delta-BHC was not detected. Herring caught in the area under the direct
      influence of the Vistula River contained higher levels of sigma DDT in their
      muscles than those in the other regions investigated. Significant positive recti
      linear correlations were found between the residue concentration of HCB, p,p'
      DDE, p,p'-DDD and sigma DDT in muscles and the body length of herring, and
      between the lipid content and the body length.

PMID- 6435329
TI  - [Shoulder reposition without anesthesia, experiences with the Noller technic].

PMID- 6435330
TI  - [Isolated dislocation in the distal radio-ulnar joint].

PMID- 6435331
TI  - [Dislocation of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 6435332
TI  - [Radiologic procedure in shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 6435333
TI  - [Significance of osseous lesions for the prognosis of shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 6435334
TI  - [Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 6435335
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of true neck fracture using the Decamps-Kerner compression plate
      clamp (STACA)].

PMID- 6435336
TI  - [New synthetic resorbable suture material in animal experiments and in clinical
      testing].
AB  - This new synthetic absorbable suture material has been tested in 90 animal
      experiments (Wistar rats) with regard to tissue reaction, absorption and breaking
      strength. The data obtained were compared with Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl), Catgut
      plain and polyester fibres. PDS-sutures produced only a minimal tissue reaction
      and were completely resorbed after 168 days. They retained 50% of its breaking
      strength until the 40th day after implantation.

PMID- 6435337
TI  - [Significance and mechanism of desensitization to the gonadotropin-inhibiting
      effect of estrogen. 1. Studies on prepubertal desensitization].
AB  - In immature female rats, both a distinctive diminution of the gonadotrophin
      inhibiting effect of s. c. or intrahypothalamically implanted estradiol and a
      simultaneous rise of the estrogen and gonadotrophin levels in the blood were
      revealed during the last days preceding the onset of puberty. Based on these
      findings, studies on the neurohormonal mechanism underlying this prepubertal
      desensitization to the negative estrogen feedback were performed. Bilateral
      lesioning of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) which induced precocious puberty
      also diminished significantly the gonadotrophin-inhibiting effect of s. c. or
      intrahypothalamically administered estrogen. Similar responses were recorded
      following the implantation of very low quantities of estrogen into the MPOA,
      whereas medial preoptic implants of the antiestrogen clomiphene citrate impaired
      the spontaneous prepubertal desensitization and delayed the onset of puberty. It
      is concluded from the results that the prepubertal increase of the estrogen
      concentration in the blood itself induces the desensitization to estrogen by an
      inhibitory effect on medial preoptic neurons. Preliminary clinical and
      experimental findings suggest that a comparable mechanism may be operative in
      humans, too.

PMID- 6435338
TI  - Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy of anovulatory infertility.
AB  - A new treatment of anovulatory infertility has been introduced during the last
      few years. Pulsatile long-term administration of the hypothalamic gonadotropin
      releasing hormone by means of small portable computerized infusion pumps has
      proved to be a safe, effective and acceptable out-patient treatment of
      infertility due to inadequate gonadotropin secretion. In the future, the
      practical pulsatile LRH treatment will in all probability to a great extent
      replace the present more laborious human gonadotropin therapy of anovulatory
      infertility.

PMID- 6435339
TI  - Benzethonium chloride resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical
      lesions.
AB  - The benzethonium chloride resistance of 341 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      isolated from Jikei University Hospital was determined. The distribution pattern
      of the susceptibility to benzethonium chloride clearly revealed two peaks, and
      the resistance was differentiated by 1000 micrograms/ml (0.1%) of benzethonium
      chloride. The frequency of resistance to benzethonium chloride was 51.6%.
      Furthermore, the frequencies of resistance to SM, TC, CP, KM, GM, PIP, Hg, Cd, As
      and chlorhexidine were 42.5, 15.8, 41.3, 29.6, 14.0, 8.2, 88.3, 97.9, 97.1, and
      74.5%, respectively.

PMID- 6435340
TI  - Duodenal bulb motor activity in sheep.

PMID- 6435341
TI  - [Morphology of the rumen mucosa and fatty acid absorption in cattle--important
      factors for health and production].

PMID- 6435342
TI  - Cell fractionation of lamb uterus in non-aqueous media and nuclear
      compartmentation of the oestrogen receptor.

PMID- 6435343
TI  - Comparison of carbonic anhydrase in neonatal and maternal red blood cells with
      different levels of acidosis in newborn calves.

PMID- 6435344
TI  - Muscular dystrophy in foals.

PMID- 6435345
TI  - [Nutritive value of dietary ribonucleic acid and its nucleosides in growing rats
      on a diet deficient in nonessential amino acid nitrogen. 2. Effect of yeast RNA
      on body composition and weight gain and nitrogen metabolism].

PMID- 6435346
TI  - [Nutritive value of dietary ribonucleic acid and its nucleosides in growing rats
      on a diet deficient in nonessential amino acid nitrogen. 3. Effect of the purine
      nucleosides adenosine and guanosine on body composition and weight gain and
      nitrogen metabolism].

PMID- 6435347
TI  - The participation of adrenal medullary hormones in the metabolic effects of
      hyperammonaemia.

PMID- 6435348
TI  - The effect of a long-acting carba analogue of oxytocin on prostaglandin F2 alpha
      metabolite levels during the oestrous cycle in swine.

PMID- 6435349
TI  - [Development of hoofs in young bulls of 6 to 12 months of age].

PMID- 6435350
TI  - [Genetic aspects of orthopedic diseases in a dairy herd].

PMID- 6435351
TI  - Effect of energy balance on plasma glucose and ketone bodies in blood and milk
      and influence of hyperketonaemia on milk production of postparturient dairy cows.

PMID- 6435352
TI  - [Place of follicle-lutein cysts in the estrus cycle of cows: histological,
      cytological and hormone analysis studies].

PMID- 6435353
TI  - Comparison of nephelometry and single radial immunodiffusion for the
      determination of IgG and IgM concentrations in newborn foals and their dams.

PMID- 6435354
TI  - [Scientific and applied aspects of the control of viral hepatitis].
AB  - The importance of the determination of the actual etiological structure of viral
      hepatitis morbidity is shown. The necessity of introducing a more stringent
      control of the conditions of current disinfection with due regard to the level of
      the seasonal rise of hepatitis A morbidity and the time of its beginning is
      substantiated. The expediency of the multiple (more than 4 times) injection of
      immunoglobulin for the prophylaxis of hepatitis A is emphasized. Indications to
      immunoglobulin prophylaxis depending on morbidity rates in different areas and
      the conditions of the formation of foci with multiple recurrent cases of the
      disease are considered. Organizational, as well as sanitary and hygienic measures
      directed towards the decrease of hepatitis B incidence are outlined.

PMID- 6435355
TI  - [Specific immunological reactivity in generalized forms of meningococcal
      infection in children].
AB  - The characteristics of immune responsiveness were studied in 455 children aged 2
      months to 14 years with the generalized forms of meningococcal infection. In
      children of all age groups an increase in the titers of antibodies to
      meningococci was revealed; this increase started from day 4 of the disease,
      reached its maximum at the end of week 3 or the beginning of week 4 and
      correlated with the severity of the disease and the age of the patients. A drop
      in the IgG level in the course of the disease and a rise in the IgM level by the
      end of week 2 were observed. A decrease in the content of T-lymphocytes at the
      acute period of the disease and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes,
      especially by the end of week 2 of the disease, were established.

PMID- 6435356
TI  - [Characteristics of nonpathogenic Neisseria and Branhamella catarrhalis based on
      cytopathogenicity].
AB  - The study of the action of 12 Neisseria species belonging to 112 strains, 6 B.
      catarrhalis strains and 202 meningococcal strains on the culture of continuous
      cell line F1 (human amniotic cells) has revealed that nonpathogenic Neisseria are
      essentially weaker than meningococci in their pathogenicity (expressed in terms
      of CPD50). Among nonpathogenic Neisseria highly cytopathogenic strains occur in
      13.9% of cases, which gives grounds for considering them opportunistic bacteria.
      Sharply pronounced correlation between the adhesive and pathogenic properties of
      Neisseria has been observed. The cytopathogenic action of Neisseria is
      accompanied by the lesion of the chromosomal apparatus of mitotic infected cells.

PMID- 6435357
TI  - [Serotypes of meningococci isolated in the USSR and the Republic of Cuba].
AB  - The results of serotyping of 101 meningococcal strains isolated in the Soviet
      Union and 23 strains isolated in the Republic of Cuba are presented. Typing
      within groups was carried out by Frasch's method in the double diffusion test in
      gel. For this purpose serotype antigens were prepared from each strain. These
      antigens were used in the test only after their purification by
      ultracentrifugation. In all cases the prevalence of serotype 2 was revealed. A
      great number of Cuban strains contained a wide spectrum of type antigens of both
      protein and lipopolysaccharide nature. Serotype antigen 15 occurred in
      meningococci isolated both in the USSR and in Cuba. In most cases type 15
      occurred in combination with types 2 and 8. The comparison of the results
      obtained in the serotyping of meningococci isolated in situations, nonepidemic
      (USSR) and epidemic (Cuba) for serogroup B, gives no grounds for considering type
      2 as the "marker of virulence". Probably, this problem will be solved by the
      differentiation of subtypes within type 2. Attention should be paid to the
      serotype antigens of the lipopolysaccharide nature with a view to their
      epidemiological evaluation.

PMID- 6435358
TI  - [Type-specific pneumococcal agglutinating sera in precipitation tests].
AB  - Diagnostic agglutinating sera to pneumococci of different serotypes have been
      studied with respect to their capacity for taking part in the reactions of
      precipitation with capsular pneumococcal polysaccharides. The sera have proved to
      be highly active and specific in the reactions of double immunodiffusion and
      immunoelectrophoresis. The sera under study have also been found to react with
      cattle serum, one of the components of the medium used for the cultivation of
      pneumococci.

PMID- 6435359
TI  - [Comparative study of the sensitivity and specificity of dried and liquid
      meningococcal erythrocyte diagnostic agents A, C and Y in a controlled trial].
AB  - The comparative study of the sensitivity and specificity of dried and liquid
      meningococcal erythrocyte diagnosticums A, C and Y has been carried out in the
      indirect hemagglutination test with the sera of persons immunized with different
      doses of dried chemical meningococcal (group A) polysaccharide vaccine and
      persons receiving placebo under the conditions of a controlled epidemiological
      trial. The possibility of using, on principle, both liquid (A, C) and dried (A,
      C, Y) preparations in clinico-epidemiological studies has been established. The
      continuation of the research work aimed at the improvement of meningococcal
      diagnosticums and, in particular, at the development of polyvalent preparations
      seems to be justified.

PMID- 6435360
TI  - [Use of a method of immunoradiometric analysis for detecting the persistence of
      Rickettsiae and their antigens in an experimental infection in cotton rats].
AB  - An indirect modification of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) was shown to be highly
      sensitive in the determination of the minimal amounts of R. prowazekii and their
      antigens in the organs and tissues of infected animals. RIA proved to be
      effective in the determination of the antigens in the blood in cases of R.
      prowazekii persistence in infected animals. The data obtained in these
      investigations point to good prospects for using RIA in the study of persistence
      of microorganisms and their antigens.

PMID- 6435361
TI  - Immunological properties of rat arginases.
AB  - Five immunologically different forms of arginase were evidenced in rat tissues by
      the double diffusion test and immunoelectrophoresis. New symbols for these
      arginases are proposed (beginning with the most anionic forms): A1 (kidney), A2
      (liver), A3 (salivary glands), A4 (kidney) and A5 (liver). Arginases A1 from
      kidney and A5 from liver are paternal forms built of one-type subunits. Subunits
      of form A1 exhibit a non-identity cross-reaction with subunits of form A5.
      Arginases A2, A3 and A4 are hybrids composed of both kinds of subunits.

PMID- 6435362
TI  - Purification and characterization of an estradiol-17 beta binding macromolecule
      in rat pancreas.

PMID- 6435363
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of subcervical oesophageal perforations after forced
      dilatation for nonmalignant disease.
AB  - Eight patients with perforation of the oesophagus following forced dilatation
      because of nonmalignant disease were treated conservatively with antibiotics and
      parenteral nutrition. None had primary leakage to the pleural cavities.
      Nasogastric suction was employed in three patients, and one had a feeding
      gastrostomy prior to perforation. Recovery was uneventful in six cases. A single
      thoracocentesis was required in one case. In the eighth patient there was leakage
      to the right pleural cavity with massive pleural effusion after two weeks of
      treatment and thoracotomy was necessary. All the patients survived. The authors
      conclude that subcervical oesophageal perforation following forced dilatation
      because of nonmalignant disease should be managed conservatively when there is no
      leakage to the pleural or peritoneal cavities.

PMID- 6435364
TI  - Nontraumatic perforation of the small intestine.
AB  - Nontraumatic perforation of the small intestine is very rare in western
      countries, while typhoid fever is the most common cause of such perforation in
      other parts of the world. A series spanning 24 years is reviewed, comprising 112
      adults with perforation of the small intestine resulting in peritonitis.
      Perforations due to Crohn's disease, strangulation, postoperative complications
      and malignancy are not included. Causes of perforation were ingested foreign body
      (24 cases), radiotherapy (18), potassium chloride medication (13), diverticula of
      the small bowel (10), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (2), and tuberculosis,
      actinomycosis and intrauterine contraceptive device (each in 1 case). The
      etiology could only be suspected in 13 cases and in 31 it was unknown.
      Difficulties in making the preoperative diagnosis contributed to lateness of
      surgical intervention. Mortality (23%) was related to patient age and cause of
      the perforation. The series permitted no conclusions concerning relationship
      between surgical method and mortality rate, but it is recommended that the method
      be adapted from case to case, depending on the etiology of the perforation.

PMID- 6435365
TI  - Hartmann procedure.
AB  - The Hartmann procedure has been performed in 42 patients during a ten-year
      period. It is considered a good alternative in the emergency operative treatment
      for perforated diverticulas, perforated sigmoid cancer, anastomotic disrupture
      after an anterior resection or in ileus caused by stricturating colorectal
      cancer. It is also useful as an alternative in elective operations when there are
      unexpected difficulties in establishing colorectal continuity, as well as a
      palliative operation for advanced colorectal cancer. The overall operative
      mortality in the present series was 14%. Colorectal continuity could be
      reestablished in 13 of the 18 patients where it was attempted.

PMID- 6435366
TI  - Evaluation of treated acromegalic patients with normal growth hormone levels
      during oral glucose load.
AB  - Twenty-one treated acromegalics with plasma GH levels less than or equal to 5
      ng/ml were evaluated during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum insulin
      like growth factor (IGF) levels, measured by a competitive binding assay, were
      high in 10, normal in 8 and low in 3 patients. Urinary calcium excretion (Ca U),
      measured over 24 h, was elevated in 9 of the 10 patients whose IGF levels were
      high, whereas only 1 of the patients with normal or low IGF levels was
      hypercalciuric. A paradoxical rise in GH following TRH injection was observed in
      5 of the 10 patients whose IGF levels were high, whereas all patients with normal
      or low IGF levels showed no GH response to TRH. GH levels greater than or equal
      to 10 ng/ml occurred during ornithine (ORN) administration in 6 of the 18
      patients with normal or high IGF levels. The remaining 12 patients with no GH
      rise during ORN included 2 cases in which IGF levels were high and GH rose
      following TRH, and 2 cases in which IGF levels were normal and GH levels were
      greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (IIH),
      thus excluding a GH deficiency. These results show that acromegaly is not cured
      in certain treated patients with normal GH levels during OGTT. It seems that IGF
      and Ca U determinations are valuable indices of activity, in contrast to GH
      response to ORN. The GH response to TRH is also relatively useful.

PMID- 6435367
TI  - Elevated secretion of androstenedione in a patient with a Leydig cell tumour.
AB  - In this study, we report the case of a 48-year old man with a well-encapsulated
      Leydig cell tumour, azoospermia, decreased libido and impotence. The basal
      peripheral blood levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane
      3 alpha,17 beta-diol and oestradiol were normal and oestrone was moderately
      increased. In contrast, androstenedione was extremely elevated at 521 ng/dl
      (normal: 88 +/- 60 ng/dl). Upon hCG stimulation, plasma testosterone increased
      2.1-fold while androstenedione increased 1.4-fold. Plasma LH and FSH were also
      elevated and their response to LRH was exaggerated. At the time of surgery the
      levels of androstenedione in the spermatic vein plasma, as well as in the
      testicular tumour were elevated. In contrast, testosterone levels in the
      spermatic vein blood were decreased indicating a partial deficiency of 17 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the tumoural tissue. A follow-up study revealed
      that the contralateral testis did not respond to hCG although the sex steroid
      concentrations in the peripheral plasma were within normal limits. Plasma
      gonadotrophins remained elevated. These results demonstrate that this Leydig cell
      tumour secreted high amounts of androstenedione into the blood and that the
      contralateral testis exhibited an impaired androgenic function.

PMID- 6435368
TI  - Flunarizine, a calcium influx blocker, inhibits TRH-but not potassium-stimulated
      prolactin secretion.
AB  - The effect of flunarizine on the secretion of prolactin from monolayer cultures
      of normal rat pituitary cells has been determined. Both basal and TRH-stimulated
      secretion were found to be significantly inhibited by micromolar concentrations
      of flunarizine, whereas depolarization (high K+)-stimulated secretion was
      virtually unaffected. These results indicate that TRH-stimulated prolactin
      secretion probably involves calcium influx and that flunarizine may be useful as
      a probe for particular Ca2+ channels.

PMID- 6435369
TI  - Seasonal variations of total and free thyroid hormones in healthy men: a
      chronobiological study.
AB  - The seasonal variations of iodothyronines and TSH serum concentrations were
      evaluated in 24 healthy subjects of both sexes. Using a 12 month cosine function,
      a significant circannual rhythm was found in T3, T4 and free T4 whose maximal
      values were found in September for T3, in August for T4 and in October for free
      T4. No significant seasonal variations in free T3 or TSH were found. Some
      circannual but not sinusoidal changes were found for reverse T3 and TBG. A
      positive linear correlation between T4, T3 and reverse T3 changes was observed,
      indicating that the sinusoidal oscillations of these hormones were in phase with
      each other. Relative weight was significantly lower in summer than in winter,
      though spontaneous caloric intake and physical activity did not change. A slight
      but significant correlation was found between relative weight and T4, free T4 and
      reverse T3 values measured during the period of study.

PMID- 6435370
TI  - Endocrine involvement in children with beta-thalassaemia major. Transverse and
      longitudinal studies. I. Pituitary-thyroidal axis function and its correlation
      with serum ferritin levels.
AB  - Thyroid function was investigated by a TRH test in 24 clinically prepubertal
      children, 3-15 years old with beta-thalassaemia major; in 7 of them the test was
      repeated once and in 2 twice at intervals of at least 12 months. Basal T4, T3,
      TBG and TSH levels and the TSH levels during a TRH test were determined and
      correlated with age and serum ferritin levels. Basal serum T4, T3 and TBG levels
      were lower and serum TSH levels were higher during the test and in the basal
      state in thalassaemia major children than in control children. These results show
      a compensated sub-clinical primary hypothyroidism. The transversal study did not
      show any significant correlation between the hormonal parameters studied and
      chronological age or serum ferritin levels. In contrast, the longitudinal study
      showed a significant correlation between pituitary-thyroidal axis function and
      siderosis (positive correlations between the variations of TSH levels as delta,
      peak, 30 and 45 min values and the variations of serum ferritin levels). The
      thyroid impairment seems not to be correlated with serum ferritin levels in the
      transversal study because of the presence of an individual different sensitivity
      of the gland to the iron overload. The ferritin dependence of this impairment is
      shown only by longitudinal studies where individual differences in sensitivity of
      the gland are absent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435371
TI  - Improved diabetic control in insulin-dependent diabetics treated with insulin and
      glibenclamide.
AB  - A randomized double blind trial of insulin and glibenclamide treatment vs insulin
      and placebo was carried out in 20 insulin-dependent diabetics. Nine patients were
      C-peptide secretors and all increased their C-peptide output during a 50 g OGTT
      at the end of the insulin and glibenclamide treatment period by a mean of 47%. At
      the same time their mean daily blood glucose fell from 8.4 +/- 1.7 to 7.4 +/- 1.5
      mmol/l and their HbA1 from 8.1 +/- 0.5 to 7.5 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SD). There was
      no change in any of the measurements of diabetic control in C-peptide non
      secretors and no evidence for any extra-pancreatic effects of glibenclamide in
      this group of patients. Combined insulin and glibenclamide treatment may produce
      a useful improvement of diabetic control in insulin-dependent diabetics who still
      secrete some endogenous insulin, although further studies are required.

PMID- 6435372
TI  - Pituitary-gonadal function in boys after high dose testosterone treatment for
      excessively tall stature.
AB  - One hundred excessively tall boys with a height prediction of 205.32 +/- 5.28 cm
      (mean +/- SD) were treated with 500 mg testosterone oenanthate (TE) every 14 days
      for a period of 14.96 +/- 5.29 months. Following therapy, the hypothalamo
      pituitary-gonadal axis was evaluated, using a standardized GnRH-test at median
      time intervals of 14 days, 6 weeks, 13 weeks, 6 months and 16 months. Basal and
      stimulated LH- and FSH-values were not measurable or severely suppressed in all
      boys 14 days after termination of therapy. Starting at 6 weeks, normalization of
      pituitary-gonadal function was demonstrated in 93 boys (group 1) with follow-up
      periods of up to 48 months. Six boys (group 2) developed transitory
      hypergonadotrophic LH- and FSH-secretory patterns for up to 11 months after the
      last TE-injection. Testosterone and gonadotrophins were within the normal range
      in all 6 boys, when prospectively re-evaluated at 12 to 27 months after
      termination of therapy. During TE-administration, testicular volume was reduced
      in some, and in most boys did not show the normal enlargement occurring during
      puberty. However, return to normal testicular size was seen several months after
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435373
TI  - [Lactase activity of the brush-border of the enterocyte. Genetic and dietetic
      effects].

PMID- 6435374
TI  - Lilly: our problem patient--Part II. Intermittent self catheterization procedures
      and the pathophysiology of neurogenic bladders.

PMID- 6435376
TI  - Essex County chapter co-sponsors workshop on gerontological nursing.

PMID- 6435375
TI  - Determining nurse staffing levels at Toronto's homes for the aged.

PMID- 6435377
TI  - Primary nursing--principles, techniques and results.

PMID- 6435378
TI  - Halothane dissolved in fat as an intravenous anaesthetic to rats.
AB  - The anaesthetic properties of a halothane-in-fat solution given either as a
      single i.v. dose or as a continuous i.v. infusion were investigated in rats. 0.3
      ml of a 5% solution of halothane in fat emulsion was injected i.v. into 15 awake
      rats. At the end of the 30 s injection, all rats had collapsed from the upright
      position and showed no response to a firmly applied tail clamp. Breathing usually
      became shallow and irregular just after injection. Two rats died. In the
      surviving rats, movement in response to clamping of the tail reappeared after
      some 30 s (range 15-90 s). The rats regained the upright position after about 100
      s, and appeared fully awake about 3 min (range 2-5 min) after injection.
      Surviving rats behaved normally after the experiment, and gained in weight. They
      were killed 1-29 days later. The lungs, kidneys, heart, brain and liver had a
      normal macroscopic and microscopic appearance. In a second set of experiments (n
      = 9), a 10% solution of halothane was continuously infused i.v. (3.75 microliters
      min-1). The anaesthetic depth, as well as the mean arterial pressure, heart rate,
      respiratory rate and arterial PCO2 and PO2 were similar to values observed during
      inhalation of halothane in air at an inspired concentration of 1.1%. By doubling
      the infusion rate, MAP was reduced by 23%. It was easy to adjust anaethestic
      depth by changing the infusion rate and recovery was fast.

PMID- 6435379
TI  - Intervillous blood flow during caesarean section with prophylactic ephedrine and
      epidural anaesthesia.
AB  - We administered a 15 mg i.v. bolus of ephedrine at the commencement of epidural
      blockade to nine healthy parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section.
      Nine other patients did not receive prophylactic ephedrine before epidural
      anaesthesia (control group). Lactated Ringer solution, 30 ml/kg, was infused
      before and during blockade, and left uterine displacement was used to minimize
      aortocaval compression. A133Xe i.v. technique was used to measure intervillous
      blood flow (IBF) before and 20-25 min after epidural block. The mean arterial
      pressure (MAP) decreased after epidural blockade in the ephedrine group by 0.67
      +/- 0.8 (mean +/- s.d.) kPa and by 1.20 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- s.d.) kPa in the
      control group. In spite of the decrease in MAP, IBF increased by 6% in patients
      receiving ephedrine (N.S.), whereas it decreased by 11% in the control group
      (N.S.). In the ephedrine group there was in this preliminary study a trend to
      increasing IBF during falling perfusion pressure (MAP). The results of this
      preliminary study suggest that ephedrine will not affect IBF, but to prevent
      maternal hypotension ephedrine should be used as an i.v. infusion instead of a
      bolus injection.

PMID- 6435380
TI  - Controlled ventilation using the Lack circuit with an injector device.
AB  - A Lack breathing system with an injector device has been used for controlled
      ventilation. Oxygen was delivered through an injector device, which was
      positioned between the Lack circuit and the catheter mount, whilst nitrous oxide
      was delivered from the anaesthetic machine. The circuit was fully tested on two
      model lungs. Satisfactory tidal volumes were obtained and with fresh gas flow
      rates of about 4 l X min-1, rebreathing was not detected. The circuit was then
      studied on ten patients undergoing surgery and it was found that an end-tidal
      carbon dioxide concentration of 5-6% could be maintained. The use of this system
      during general anaesthesia is discussed.

PMID- 6435381
TI  - Airway deadspace, end-tidal CO2, and Christian Bohr.
AB  - In order to calculate alveolar deadspace, an important measure of
      ventilation/perfusion mismatching, it is necessary to measure airway or
      anatomical deadspace (VDaw) and physiological deadspace. VDaw is usually measured
      graphically or by similar means, but sometimes it is estimated from a formula,
      based on Christian Bohr's work, in which end-tidal PCO2 is used as a measure of
      alveolar PCO2. In 58 patients undergoing anaesthesia and positive pressure
      ventilation, there were large errors in this estimate of VDaw compared to a
      graphical method. At tidal volumes of 400-500 ml, the median error was 34 ml; at
      larger tidal volumes, the median error increased to 74 ml (P less than 0.001).
      The size of the error was correlated to the slope of phase III, the part of the
      CO2 tracing representing alveolar CO2, at both ventilator settings (P less than
      0.01). It is concluded that estimates of VDaw based on end-tidal PCO2 are
      unreliable, and their use will lead to a large part of the alveolar deadspace
      being wrongly accredited to VDaw.

PMID- 6435382
TI  - A new method for clinical assessment of the negative inotropic action of
      anaesthetics--with special reference to isoflurane and its effect on myocardial
      oxygenation.
AB  - A new method for maintaining the peripheral determinants of myocardial oxygen
      demand constant is described. Intravenously administered phenylephrine and
      nitroglycerin were used to control afterload and preload. Heart rate was kept
      constant with atrial pacing. The method was used to establish the in vivo
      negative inotropic effect of 1% end-tidal isoflurane in eight patients with
      ischaemic heart disease during positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Stroke
      volume measured during steady-state isoflurane anaesthesia and IPPV with preload,
      afterload, and heart rate kept constant was 23% below awake control. The decrease
      in myocardial oxygen consumption was 22% and correlated well (r = 0.891) with the
      fall in left ventricular performance (stroke volume).

PMID- 6435383
TI  - Heat-induced changes in PO2 and PCO2 of blood.
AB  - In vitro differences in blood PO2 and PCO2 at 37 degrees C and 42-44 degrees C
      were measured in 100 samples from 10 patients, aged 54-79 years. PO2 was measured
      amperometrically with Clark electrodes, PCO2 was measured with Severinghaus
      electrodes. PO2 increased with heating and the relative PO2 increment declined
      with increasing PO2. At 10 kPa the relative increment was approximately 7% per
      degrees C; at 40 kPa it was less than 2% per degrees C. No correlation between
      the temperature coefficient and temperature, haemoglobin concentration or pH
      could be demonstrated. The observed changes were in agreement with the
      Severinghaus correction formula r = 0.99 (P less than 0.0001). PCO2 increased by
      4.6% per degrees C (s.d. = 0.8%) with heating. The PCO2 temperature coefficient
      did not vary significantly with the PCO2, pH or temperature (P greater than 0.3).
      No significant difference was seen between the measured values and values
      calculated according to Severinghaus and Nunn et al. (4.4% per degrees C) or
      Siggaard-Andersen (4.8% per degrees C), r = 0.95 (P less than 0.0001). It is
      concluded that the recommended temperature correction formulas for PO2 and PCO2
      changes in the blood can be applied even in the temperature level 37-44 degrees
      C, and thus for analysis of PO2 and PCO2 on the heated skin surface.

PMID- 6435384
TI  - Dose-response of tubocurarine in patients with and without renal failure.
AB  - Different initial doses of tubocurarine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg kg-1) were
      given to 20 patients with and 20 patients without renal failure (RF) during
      standard anaesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was registered with a device based
      on electromyography. A fluorescent technique was used to measure plasma
      tubocurarine concentrations, for which blood samples were drawn during induction
      and at reversal of neuromuscular block. The dose-response curves for the
      induction period were slightly steeper in patients with RF. A linear correlation
      between tubocurarine concentration and twitch response was found in both groups,
      although the curve had shifted to the left in RF patients. The total amount of
      tubocurarine used for surgical relaxation was lower in the RF than in the non-RF
      patients.

PMID- 6435385
TI  - Gas exchange during ventilator treatment: a validation of a computerized
      technique and its comparison with the Douglas bag method.
AB  - In recent years a number of commercial instruments for on-line gas exchange
      measurements has been introduced. One of them, the Engstrom Metabolic Computer
      (EMC), is here clinically validated as compared to the standard Douglas bag
      method for gas sampling and a Centronic Mass Spectrometer (CMS) for gas analysis.
      VO2, VCO2 and RQ were simultaneously measured and calculated with both methods.
      Twenty individual gas exchange determinations were made at different times on 12
      critically ill patients at the intensive care unit. There was a small but
      significant difference (P less than 0.025) of 4.3% +/- 8.4% (s.d.) between the
      two methods when they were used to measure VO2 (the EMC giving the lower value).
      The corresponding value of VCO2 was 2.4% +/- 9.1% (s.d.), and for RQ the
      difference was -1.98% +/- 7.1% (s.d.). These differences are not significant at
      the 95% level of significance. Determinations of oxygen uptake during ventilator
      treatment with standard methods usually involve technical difficulties and are
      associated with errors of method around 10%. Our results indicate a probable
      error of about 8.5% for VO2 in clinical situations. Considering the difficulties
      involved in determinations of gas exchange, the EMC method seems to be a valuable
      technique with an accuracy within acceptable limits.

PMID- 6435386
TI  - Weight gain during treatment with valproate.
AB  - An analysis was made of weight changes during treatment with valproate in 63
      adult epileptic patients. 36 patients (57%) gained more than 4 kg in weight
      during treatment, while 27 patients (43%) were stable in weight with weight
      changes of less than +/- 4 kg. There were no significant differences between
      weight gainers and weight-stable patients with regard to age, sex, pretreatment
      overweight, duration of treatment, dosage or serum levels of valproate. From
      structured patient interviews, it appeared that the 2 groups of patients differed
      only insignificantly with regard to appetite, thirst and familial predispositions
      to obesity and diabetes. Consequently, no factors predictive for weight gain
      could be outlined. Presumable pathogenic mechanisms of importance are discussed.

PMID- 6435387
TI  - Increased concentrations of aspartic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients
      with epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia: an effect of medication?
AB  - The concentrations of free amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were
      quantitated in 14 patients with epilepsy, 7 patients with trigeminal neuralgia,
      10 patients with various neurological diseases and in 30 apparently healthy
      individuals. In the CSF of patients with epilepsy, the mean concentrations of
      aspartic acid (Asp), glutamine (Gln), histidine and phosphoserine were
      significantly higher than in the healthy individuals. The mean concentration of
      aspartic acid was higher in the patients on antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy than
      in the patients without AED therapy. The patients with trigeminal neuralgia had
      significantly increased CSF-concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamine and
      phosphoserine as compared to healthy individuals. Some patients receiving AED
      showed increased concentration of gamma-amino-butyric-acid (GABA).

PMID- 6435388
TI  - The effect of fixation on corneal endothelial cell dimensions and morphology in
      scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Soft tissue specimens shrink during fixation, dehydration and critical point
      drying when prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This can cause
      serious artifacts not only in 'compact' tissues but especially in hollow
      structure, like the eye, where the chambers are lined by delicate layers such as
      the corneal endothelium. In this study various glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde
      fixations at different concentrations with or without 5% sucrose were tested.
      Dimensional as well as morphological changes of rabbit corneal endothelial cells
      were evaluated. The mean surface diameter and area of rabbits' central corneal
      endothelial cells were measured first in vivo by specular microscope. Thereafter
      the same corneas were fixed in 9 different solutions and processed for scanning
      electron microscopy. The surface structure of the same endothelium was then
      photographed with SEM. The cell dimensions were remeasured. According to our
      results 1.25% or 2.50% glutaraldehydes without sucrose gave the best surface
      preservation and caused the least shrinkage.

PMID- 6435389
TI  - [Current viewpoints of Sjogren's syndrome].
AB  - The authors discuss the pathology, diagnosis and different clinical
      manifestations of Sjogren syndrome on the basis of a case report in which the
      patient presented extraglandular pathology and degeneration into lymphoma. It is
      stressed that Sjogren syndrome is often associated with other diseases of the
      connective tissue such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematodes
      disseminatus. Degeneration into lymphoma is often seen in patients presenting
      Sjogren's syndrome since many years.

PMID- 6435390
TI  - Inhibitory spectrum of bacteriocin-like agents from Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Bacteriocin-like agents from five strains of Neisseria meningitidis were active
      against other meningococci and some other Neisseria species. Meningococci
      belonging to the same serogroup or serotype could be subdivided into distinct
      bacteriocin types. Insensitivity to the inhibitory agents was observed more
      frequently among serologically groupable strains than among non-groupable.
      Strains belonging to serogroup B were more often insensitive to the inhibitors
      released by four of the donor strains (P201, P213, P241, 99/79) than other
      groupable strains. Insensitivity to the bacteriocin-like activity of the fifth
      donor strain (77/79A) seemed to be evenly distributed among strains of different
      groups. Strains of serotype 15 were more often insensitive to the five inhibitors
      than strains belonging to other types. Group B and type 15 are most frequently
      observed among strains isolated from clinical cases in Norway.

PMID- 6435391
TI  - Activity of bacteriocin-like agents from Neisseria meningitidis on strains
      isolated from patients and carriers.
AB  - Strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients were more often
      completely insensitive to five bacteriocin-like agents than carrier strains, but
      no particular bacteriocin type could be associated with patient strains. Two
      genetically distinct types of insensitivity could be separated by transformation.
      Insensitivity to four bactericidal agents (from the strains P201, P213, P241 and
      99/79) was caused by one common genetic marker whereas insensitivity to a
      bacteriostatic agent (from the strain 77/79) was caused by another. Insensitivity
      to the bactericidal agents was more often found among strains belonging to
      serogroup B than among strains belonging to other groups. But group B strains
      from patients were more often insensitive than similar strains from carriers.
      Insensitivity to the bacteriostatic agent seemed evenly distributed among strains
      of various serogroups. All insensitive patient strains tested showed reduced
      binding/destruction of inhibitor, indicating that resistance and not tolerance is
      associated with patient strains.

PMID- 6435392
TI  - The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay for the detection of endotoxin in fat
      emulsions for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
AB  - Fat emulsions spiked with Escherichia coli endotoxin were tested with Limulus
      Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) reagent, using both the micro method and the tube method.
      The effect of vortexing, ultrasonication and addition of Pyrosperse on the
      dispersion of endotoxin in these emulsions was compared. The advantage of using
      the tube method, rather than the micro method, is shown. Ultrasonication may
      substitute vortex mixing. Pyrosperse had no convincing effect.

PMID- 6435393
TI  - Study of the imprinting and overlap of insulin and concanavalin-A at the receptor
      level in a protozoan (Tetrahymena) model system.
AB  - In a protozoan (Tetrahymena) model system, insulin treatment produced a long-term
      imprinting which upon re-exposure to the hormone resulted in an enhanced binding
      of the hormone. Insulin pretreatment produced similar effect with regard to the
      binding of concanavalin-A. Concanavalin-A could only induce a short-term
      imprinting for itself and was not capable at all of inducing imprinting for
      insulin. Based on the results of this study it appears that the binding of the
      sugar component of the receptor, which can be achieved also by lectin, is not
      sufficient to induce imprinting but the whole (hormone) molecule is needed.

PMID- 6435394
TI  - Functional development of the visual system in normal and protein deprived rats.
      I. Persistent changes in light-induced cortical evoked response.
AB  - During an investigation focused on development of visual evoked responses (VER)
      in normal and protein deprived rats indications of persisting latency differences
      were found. Since such differences are in variance with previous reports special
      attention was paid to compare control and protein deprived adult rats. Protein
      deprivation was induced by feeding rats a diet with 50% reduction in protein
      content compared with control rat diet from two weeks before onset of gestation
      until examination. Dependence on experimental variables of latencies and
      complexity of the VER illustrated the need of a well defined experimental
      situation. Adult protein deprived rats showed significantly longer latencies to
      onset and to the first three peaks of the VER and an altered complexity of the
      response. It is suggested that the observed alterations result from effects of
      the protein deprivation on early brain development since this and previous
      studies have shown similar alterations in developing young rats. The divergence
      in findings between the present and previous reports may be explained by
      differences in degree of malnutrition and in other experimental conditions.

PMID- 6435395
TI  - The correlation of dexamethasone suppression test and thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone test results in different subtypes of depression.
AB  - TSH response to I.V. TRH and suppression of cortisol secretion by dexamethasone
      were studied in 51 depressive inpatients. There was no significant relationship
      between the results on both tests, considering blunted TSH responses to TRH and
      nonsuppression on the DST. Both tests were not complementary in identifying
      various subgroups of depression as far as the predictive value of a positive
      result on either or both tests is concerned. Methodological and clinical issues
      regarding these markers are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6435396
TI  - Renal function following nephroangiography with diatrizoate. Effects of saline,
      mannitol, and diatrizoate on renal blood flow, glomerular permeability and
      filtration rate and diuresis in dogs.
AB  - The ionic contrast medium diatrizoate used in high-dose unilateral
      nephroangiography in dogs produced an abnormal nephrogram, 'patchy contrast
      medium retention', and a marked decrease in renal blood flow in five of eight
      injected kidneys. Increased glomerular permeability (albuminuria), reduced
      glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), and reduced osmotic diuresis
      were demonstrated in all selectively injected kidneys.

PMID- 6435397
TI  - [Effect of azlocillin at subinhibition concentrations on bacterial morphology].

PMID- 6435398
TI  - [L-lysine decarboxylase biosynthesis by Bacterium cadaveris in stab cultivation].

PMID- 6435399
TI  - Ultrastructure of interdigitating cells in the human tonsil.
AB  - Electron microscopic investigations were performed on palatine tonsils from 12
      patients with different disorders. In the tonsils a number of non-lymphatic cells
      were observed which showed the characteristic features of interdigitating cells
      (IDC): Interdigitating arrangement of the peripheral cytoplasm and invaginations
      of the cell membrane; Cells with typical tubulovesicular structure, and Partly an
      electron-lucent cytoplasm. A difference in functional phase may explain the
      ultrastructural feature of the IDCs. The nucleus, usually containing one or two
      nucleoli, is mostly multilobulated. These cells are frequently surrounded by
      mononuclear cells showing ultrastructural characteristics of T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 6435400
TI  - Age and the development of nephrocalcinosis induced by injections of neutral
      phosphate in rats.
AB  - A morphological characterization of nephrocalcinosis induced by injected neutral
      phosphate was made in both female weanling and young adult rats in order to
      determine the effects of age on the development of this type of phosphate-induced
      renal calcification. Nephrocalcinosis was induced by giving the rats single daily
      intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 M neutral phosphate (15.5 mg Pi/100 g bw/24 h)
      for 10 days. Following the experimental period, the kidneys of the animals were
      fixed and processed for general histology and for the histochemical localization
      of calcium-phosphate salts. The weanling rats developed nephrocalcinosis that was
      characterized mainly by large intraluminal calciferous deposits in terminal
      segments of proximal tubules at the junction of the outer and inner stripes of
      the outer medulla, and in collecting ducts and descending thin limbs and
      ascending thick limbs of Henle in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. In
      contrast, the young adult rats developed nephrocalcinosis that was characterized
      primarily by small granular calciferous deposits in the basement membranes of
      proximal tubules in the mid-cortex. The results of the present study indicate
      that some factor(s) associated with age and development of female rats
      influence(s) the development of nephrocalcinosis induced by injected neutral
      phosphate.

PMID- 6435401
TI  - Diffuse rheumatoid nodules in skeletal muscle in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid nodule is an uncommon finding in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A report
      is given on a case of RA which lasted for 15 years and nodules appeared diffusely
      in the skeletal muscles close to the fascia. These nodules had a histological
      structure similar to that found subcutaneously and a tendency to be confluent
      with colliquation necrosis resembling what was described in subpleural
      localization.

PMID- 6435402
TI  - Clinical and histological evaluation of synovial needle-biopsies in rheumatoid
      arthritis. II. Relationship between local clinical activity and histological
      pattern.
AB  - The histological pattern of synovial needle-biopsies of 50 patients suffering
      from classical or definitive rheumatoid arthritis has been compared with the
      clinical activity of the disease. Each histological change was evaluated in terms
      of its value in characterizing local clinical activity. It was shown that most
      changes of the synovial ground tissue are in a positive correlation with local
      clinical activity. Among the vascular changes of the synovial membrane, oedema of
      vascular walls, exudation of fresh fibrin, leukocyte infiltration and thickening
      of vascular walls were in negative correlation, while chronic fibrin, lymphocytic
      or plasma cell infiltration and hyalinosis were in positive correlation with
      local clinical activity.

PMID- 6435403
TI  - IgA glomerulonephritis: light microscopic and immunohistological studies.
AB  - Renal biopsy material of 50 patients suffering from IgA glomerulonephritis was
      studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and occasionally electron
      microscopy. Associated with a uniform immunohistological pattern mainly focal or
      diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was found. In addition to the
      glomerular changes the importance of frequent extraglomerular, mainly vascular
      and interstitial, alterations is stressed. In arterioles and arteries, deposition
      of a hyalinous substance was observed. Immunohistology revealed the presence of
      immunoglobulins and/or C3 in the vessels. In the interstitium fibrinogen/fibrin
      was often seen, accompanied by chronic inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.

PMID- 6435404
TI  - Localization and frequency of degenerative changes in the knee joint: evaluation
      of 200 necropsies.
AB  - A study was performed of 400 knee joints of 200 cadavers. Degenerative changes of
      the femoropatellar joint affecting the retropatellar articular surface were more
      frequent and more severe, while in the tibiofemoral joint changes were more
      frequent and more severe on the femoral articular surface. Owing to the
      relationship of the two joints, changes of the femoropatellar joint occur more
      frequently and are usually more severe than those of the tibiofemoral joint.
      These findings imply that diffuse osteoarthritis of the knee starts mostly in the
      femoropatellar joint. It is emphasized that early diagnosis and management of
      degenerative changes in the femoropatellar joint will facilitate the prevention
      of knee joint panarthrosis.

PMID- 6435405
TI  - VACTERL-association.
AB  - The so-called 89 VACTERL cases i.e. three or more combinations of vertebral
      abnormalities (V), anal atresia (A), cardial abnormalities (C), tracheo
      oesophageal fistula and/or oesophageal atresia (TE), renal agenesis and dysplasia
      (R), limb defect (mainly radial-type reduction or polydactyly) (L) were evaluated
      in the material of the Hungarian Congenital Malformation Register, 1970-1980. The
      separation of true VACTERL cases (without other major congenital abnormalities)
      and mixed VACTERL cases (with other major congenital abnormalities) seemed to be
      necessary. The latter may be a manifestation of several recognized syndromes. The
      VACTERL-association, i.e. three or more closely defined VACTERL-type
      abnormalities without other major abnormalities may, however, present a distinct
      congenital abnormality entity because (i) the combination of VACTERL-type
      abnormalities is much higher than the expected one, (ii) the majority of cases
      could not be identified as other multiple congenital abnormality entities and
      (iii) it has some epidemiological characteristics (e.g. male preponderance).

PMID- 6435406
TI  - Recklinghausen disease and Parkinson disease: an unusual association.

PMID- 6435407
TI  - [Comparative study of 3 series of patients treated respectively with thiotepa,
      adriamycin and cisplatin].

PMID- 6435408
TI  - The effect of oral ticlopidine on arachidonic acid products in human platelets.

PMID- 6435409
TI  - Regulation of low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation in different animals
      species.
AB  - These various observations suggest that the intestinal-hepatic axis plays a key
      role in the regulation of cholesterol balance in the whole animal and the
      circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol. Nearly all sterol which enters or leaves
      the body must do so through the intestine and liver. Changes in the rate of entry
      or exit of cholesterol (or bile acids) from the animal are met by appropriate
      reciprocal changes in the rates of cholesterol synthesis in these two organs. As
      long as these adaptive changes in synthesis are adequate to meet the changing
      needs for cholesterol in the animal, the rates of receptor-mediated LDL
      degradation by the liver and intestine remain essentially unchanged as does the
      plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration. Only when the changes in cholesterol
      synthesis are inadequate to meet the changing sterol needs (or are blocked by
      drug administration (22] does the liver increase its rate of receptor-mediated
      LDL uptake which, in turn, results in significant alterations in circulating
      plasma LDL-cholesterol levels.

PMID- 6435410
TI  - Mutations of apolipoprotein AI can affect cofactor function for cholesteryl ester
      formation by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.

PMID- 6435411
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic pitfall in a case of a small pelvic kidney].

PMID- 6435412
TI  - Primary infiltrating adenocarcinoma of urethral diverticulum in a female.

PMID- 6435413
TI  - [Antipseudomonal activities of new cephem antibiotics].
AB  - The antipseudomonal activity of so-called third and subsequent generation cephems
      was evaluated. The third and subsequent generation cephems have been reported to
      have antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their potency and
      clinical efficacy against pseudomonal infections, however, vary from drug to
      drug. Judging from our experience and our review of the literature, the four
      drugs, cefsulodin, cefoperazone, cefpiramide and ceftazidime are of value in
      clinical practice, though the effect of these drugs is not sufficient. In view of
      the fact that concomitant use of cefsulodin and cefmenoxime eradicated
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in as much as 82.9% of the patients who had complicated
      UTI due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, concomitant therapy of these four drugs in
      various combinations is a future subject to be studied.

PMID- 6435414
TI  - [Bacteriological and architectural studies of infected stones].
AB  - The stones associated with urinary tract infection were cultured using a method
      to distinguish between surface contamination and bacteria within the stone.
      Twenty three of 30 stones (77%) were infected mainly by Proteus mirabilis or
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and most were composed of struvite and/or apatite. Most
      oxalate and uric acid stones were sterile; occasionally the stones with positive
      culture had a non-urea-splitting bacteria and these were thought to have been
      infected secondarily. Some infected stones were studied by light microscopy
      scanning election microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We found many
      rods in the interstices of crystals of struvite and apatite extensively from the
      nucleus to peripheral layers. These findings are important in the prevention and
      treatment of infection stones.

PMID- 6435415
TI  - [Congenital urethral diverticulum in a male infant: a case report].
AB  - A case of congenital anterior urethral diverticulum of a male infant is reported.
      The patient was a 3-year-old boy who had complained of a sac-like swelling and
      urinary fistula of the anterior penis. The diagnosis was made by means of
      retrograde urethrocystography. Diverticulectomy and cystostomy were done. The
      post-operative course was uneventful. The microscopic examination showed that the
      diverticulum was lined with normal urethral epithelium. We made a statistical
      survey on 47 male children up to 15 years of age with congenital anterior
      urethral diverticulum reported in the Japanese literature.

PMID- 6435416
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of (D-Leu6)-des Gly-NH2(10)-LHRH ethylamide against prostatic
      cancer].
AB  - The clinical efficacy of (D-Leu6)-des Gly-NH2(10)-LH X RH ethylamide (Leuprolide)
      against prostatic cancer was evaluated at the end of twelve weeks of
      administration of a daily dose of 20 mg subcutaneous injection to 22 patients
      with prostatic cancer. Of these 22 patients, 19 were previously non-treated and 3
      had reactivated cancer. Complete regression was obtained in all patients with
      stage B or C cancer. Also, in 5 out of 12 previously non-treated patients with
      stage D cancer, Leuprolide administration proved to be effective for controlling
      prostatic cancer. However, Leuprolide therapy produced only stable effects at
      best in 3 patients who had reactivated cancer. It has no side effect and should
      be recommended as a drug of first choice in the treatment of previously non
      treated prostatic cancer. It can be assumed from the present studies that the
      efficacy of this agent against prostatic cancer is mainly the result of its
      inhibitory effect on hypothalamo-pituitary testicular system, i.e., a medical
      castration effect.

PMID- 6435417
TI  - Distribution of placental grade in high-risk gravidas.
AB  - One hundred twenty-eight high-risk gravidas and 62 normal gravidas who had
      undergone placental sonography were compared retrospectively according to
      placental grade, risk category, and stage of pregnancy at the time of the
      examination. Pregnancies ranged from 28 weeks of gestation to term. For analysis,
      the group of high-risk patients was subdivided into four categories representing
      specific disease states: chronic hypertension and/or preeclampsia, intrauterine
      growth retardation, maternal diabetes, and Rh sensitization. To eliminate
      gestational age bias, both the normal group and the high-risk subgroups were
      further subdivided into preterm and term pregnancies. Placental grade
      distribution was similar between the high-risk group overall and the normal
      group, but specific disease entities were associated with widely varying
      distributions of placental grade. In particular, hypertension and intrauterine
      growth retardation showed a strong correlation with accelerated placental
      maturation, whereas diabetes and Rh sensitization were associated with delayed
      maturation of the placenta. These differences were more pronounced in the preterm
      population.

PMID- 6435418
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: serial observations in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Three patients with four or more follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
      examinations over a 15-22 month period are described to illustrate the differing
      patterns of follow-up seen with MRI in multiple sclerosis (MS). These cases
      illustrate patterns of remission, exacerbation and remission, and rapid
      progression. The value of MRI in the follow-up of MS is discussed.

PMID- 6435419
TI  - Characterization of intracranial neoplasms by CT and intraoperative sonography.
AB  - Twenty-one adult male patients with 24 intracranial neoplasms were studied with
      intraoperative sonography and preoperative computed tomography (CT). Both methods
      defined the lesions, but the characteristic appearances were different.
      Sonography was more effective than CT in determining whether a lesion was cystic,
      with or without septations, or solid. Most importantly, sonography was an
      intraoperative localizing tool, which required a surgically created cranial
      defect. CT excelled in defining the ancillary components of an intracranial
      neoplasm, such as surrounding edema and details evident with contrast
      enhancement, but it had no capability for intraoperative use.

PMID- 6435420
TI  - Experimental in vivo imaging of the cranial perineural lymphatic pathway.
AB  - After intraventricular injection of 99mTc antimony sulfide in rabbits (n = 12)
      and cats (n = 14), radiolabeled colloid was imaged passing into the nasal mucosa
      and subsequently into the cervical lymph nodes. The cervical lymph nodes
      accounted for about 12% of the injected dose in rabbits sacrificed at 22-24 hr
      after injection and about 5% of the injected dose in cats sacrificed at 5-6 hr
      after injection. In both animals this represented at least one-third of the
      cerebrospinal fluid colloid clearance. This technique is applicable to in vivo
      imaging studies of the perineural lymphatic pathway for cerebrospinal fluid
      absorption in primates and, with modifications, in human subjects.

PMID- 6435421
TI  - Clinical trial of Iohexol vs. Conray 60 for cerebral angiography.
AB  - Iohexol, a new nonionic contrast agent, and Conray 60 were compared in a double
      blind clinical trial of 60 patients for safety, imaging effectiveness, and
      patient discomfort in cerebral angiography. There was no significant difference
      between the two agents in physiologic changes, film quality, or incidence of
      adverse effects in the 60 patients. One patient in the iohexol group suffered a
      cardiac arrest, which was clinically due to septic shock and was probably the
      result of inadvertent contamination of the iohexol used for test injections in
      this case. Bacterial growth can be supported in iohexol under certain
      circumstances, due to the lack of preservatives in this contrast material. The
      patients in the iohexol group experienced significantly less discomfort than the
      Conray 60 group. Iohexol is a safe, effective contrast agent when handled
      properly and causes less discomfort to patients than Conray 60.

PMID- 6435422
TI  - CNS manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
AB  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a familial angiodysplastic
      disorder. Dermal, mucosal, and visceral vascular lesions of this disorder are
      well known. However, central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, occurring in as
      many as one-third of patients, have not been well appreciated until recently. The
      etiology of neurologic symptomatology includes hypoxemia or ischemia secondary to
      pulmonary arteriovenous shunting, vascular lesions of the brain and spinal cord
      ranging from aneurysms to arteriovenous malformations, brain abscesses secondary
      to pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, and portal systemic encephalopathy.
      Angiographic and computed tomographic findings in four patients with CNS
      involvement in HHT are reported.

PMID- 6435423
TI  - Large hypothalamic and optic chiasm gliomas in infants: difficulties in
      distinction.
AB  - Hypothalamic and optic chiasm gliomas may be indistinguishable clinically,
      radiographically, and pathologically. Ten children with giant gliomas of the
      hypothalamus and optic pathway, all under age 2 years, had masses greater than 3
      cm in diameter. Pathologically all proven cases (seven) were cytologically benign
      fibrillary astrocytomas. Previous authors have recognized the difficulty in
      distinguishing these lesions; in this series, using previously suggested
      criteria, masses of optic chiasm could not be differentiated from hypothalamic
      origins. Likewise, at surgery and autopsy, the origin of these large masses was
      indeterminate. These tumors were more aggressive, invasive, and less responsive
      to therapy than the relatively benign orbital and optic nerve gliomas of older
      children and adults.

PMID- 6435424
TI  - CT evaluation of perineural orbital lesions: evaluation of the "tram-track" sign.
AB  - Cranial computed tomographic scans of 225 patients with orbital mass lesions were
      reviewed. In 11 patients, the optic nerve was seen as a linear defect through the
      orbital mass. These 11 cases comprised three optic nerve sheath meningiomas,
      three hemangiomas, two cases of pseudotumor, and one case each of Erdheim-Chester
      disease, optic neuritis, and metastatic disease. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas
      could be further differentiated from the other mass lesions by showing the entire
      length of the optic nerve through the lesion, smooth margins, a fusiform shape,
      and parallel enhancement of the periphery of the optic nerve even greater than
      that of the surrounding mass. These features may aid in differentiating optic
      nerve sheath meningiomas from other mass lesions in the orbit.

PMID- 6435425
TI  - Normal and pathologic radiographic anatomy of the motor innervation of the face.
AB  - Facial motor disorders, including facial paralysis, myokymia, dyskinesia, and
      hemifacial spasm, are common clinical problems in which radiographic evaluation
      plays a crucial role. Since every segment of the motor innervation of the face
      from the brain to the parotid gland can now be seen radiographically,
      radiologists must understand the normal anatomy, the common pathologic lesions at
      each level, and the clinical findings that help localize the abnormality so that
      the most sensitive and accurate radiographic approach can be planned. Though
      computed tomography alone allows for visualization of every segment, other
      methods such as cisternography, angiography, polytomography, sialography, and
      magnetic resonance imaging are complementary in specific disorders.

PMID- 6435426
TI  - Extracranial meningiomas of the head and neck.
AB  - Extracranial extraspinal meningiomas (less than 1% of all meningiomas) frequently
      occur in the head and neck. The radiographic findings of extracranial meningioma
      of the head and neck are not pathognomonic. However, the location of the tumor in
      the pathway of cranial nerves or adjacent to the skull base, the demonstration of
      a well circumscribed, solid, enhancing mass by computed tomography, and the faint
      tumor stain on arteriography should allow the radiologist to make a possible,
      although not definite, diagnosis of this rare tumor. Detection of possible
      intracranial extension and involvement of adjacent structures is mandatory before
      surgery.

PMID- 6435427
TI  - Computed tomography of the buccomasseteric region: 1. Anatomy.
AB  - The differential diagnosis to consider in a patient presenting with a
      buccomasseteric region mass is rather lengthy. Precise preoperative localization
      of the mass and a determination of its extent and, it is hoped, histology will
      provide a most useful guide to the head and neck surgeon operating in this
      anatomically complex region. Part 1 of this article describes the computed
      tomographic anatomy of this region, while part 2 discusses pathologic changes.
      The clinical value of computed tomography as an imaging method for this region is
      emphasized.

PMID- 6435428
TI  - Computed tomography of the buccomasseteric region: 2. Pathology.
AB  - Part 2 of this article concerns itself with alterations in the normal anatomy
      (described in part 1) by various disease processes. Ten patients are described
      with various facial masses. The role of computed tomography in the clinical
      workup of these patients is stressed.

PMID- 6435429
TI  - Opacification of epidural venous plexus and dura in evaluation of cervical nerve
      roots: CT technique.
AB  - Thin-section computed tomography (CT) after bolus high-volume, intravenous
      contrast enhancement of the cervical epidural and intervertebral foraminal venous
      plexus was undertaken in eight patients. Visualization of exiting cervical nerve
      root by opacification of the surrounding intervertebral plexus was evaluated in
      38 foramina. Visualization was judged as excellent in 77% and good in 21%. Thus
      the nerves were seen satisfactorily in all but one foramen. As the CT scan
      parallels the long axis of the cervical roots as they pass through the
      intervertebral foramen, anatomic delineation of the root out to the level of the
      vertebral artery is excellent. A local widening of the root, which was thought to
      represent the dorsal root ganglion, was seen in most foramina examined. Excellent
      filling of the epidural plexus was seen in seven of eight subjects; good
      opacification was seen in the other subject. In no instance did the study fail to
      satisfactorily fill the epidural plexus in the cervical vertebral canal. This
      technique appears to be an excellent method for evaluating the cervical nerve
      roots and the epidural space.

PMID- 6435430
TI  - Fabrication of microballoons for interventional neuroradiology: preliminary
      report.
AB  - A simple and inexpensive method of making latex microballoons for neuroradiologic
      procedures is described. The balloons have been tested in experimental animals
      and used in human clinical procedures. Preliminary experience and results are
      presented.

PMID- 6435431
TI  - Sinus pericranii with dural venous lakes.

PMID- 6435432
TI  - CT demonstration of disk regression after conservative therapy.

PMID- 6435433
TI  - Fenestration of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery with rupture of
      associated aneurysm.

PMID- 6435434
TI  - Chronic granulomatous abscess simulating cerebellopontine angle tumor.

PMID- 6435435
TI  - Fenestrations of the middle cerebral artery associated with aneurysms.

PMID- 6435436
TI  - Myelographic demonstration of "nodular radiculopathy" in acute myelogenous
      leukemia.

PMID- 6435438
TI  - Surgery mandated for bleeding venous angiomas?

PMID- 6435437
TI  - Hyperthermia after metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 6435439
TI  - High-resolution CT vs. pluridirectional tomography in facial trauma.

PMID- 6435440
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography in dogs: the role of calcium
      binding additives.
AB  - Coronary angiography with Renografin 76 (RG76) occasionally results in
      ventricular fibrillation (VF). Angiovist 370 (AV370) is a contrast medium similar
      to RG76 except the calcium-sequestering agents, sodium citrate and EDTA in RG76
      have been replaced by calcium EDTA. To determine whether these sequestering
      agents contribute to contrast medium-induced VF, a comparison was made of the
      effects of intracoronary injections of RG76, AV370, and saline solutions
      containing sodium citrate and EDTA (CIT/EDTA) and calcium EDTA (CA EDTA) on
      myocardial conduction, local QT intervals, and incidence of spontaneous and
      induced VF in 32 dogs. Four milliliters of RG76 produced a 111 +/- 12-ms increase
      in local QT intervals, compared with a 73 +/- 8-ms increase with AV370 (p less
      than 0.001). Spontaneous VF occurred in 12 of 16 six-milliliter injections of
      RG76, compared with 4 of 16 injections of AV370 (p less than 0.02) An early-cycle
      premature impulse applied after every fourth beat induced VF in 15 of 16 four
      milliliter injections of RG76 compared with 5 of 16 injections of AV370 (p less
      than 0.01). As the premature beat conducted through the left anterior descending
      region, conduction slowing and fractionation occurred, which was less with AV370
      than with RG76. The CIT/EDTA solution produced a greater increase in QT intervals
      (77 +/- 5 ms) than the CA EDTA solution (29 +/- 3 ms) or 0.9% saline solution
      alone (28 +/- 2 ms) (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435441
TI  - Dosage of intracoronary nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6435442
TI  - Brief psychological training procedures in migraine treatment.

PMID- 6435443
TI  - A comparative study of the efficiency of intragastric and parenteral nutrition in
      man.
AB  - Solutions intended for parenteral nutrition were infused at constant rates
      intravenously and intragastrically in five healthy volunteers. Whole body
      utilization of nutrients was measured by indirect calorimetry and determination
      of nitrogen excretion in relation to circulating levels of substrates. Energy
      balance and urinary nitrogen excretion were the same in all subjects irrespective
      of whether nutrition was given intravenously or intragastrically. Minor
      differences in circulating levels of glucagon, alpha-amino nitrogen, and
      triglycerides were observed but had no impact on the energy and nitrogen
      metabolism. The results show that whole-body utilization of calories is the same
      with parenteral and enteral nutrition as evaluated over short time periods from
      the start of infusion. This is probably also true for amino acids.

PMID- 6435444
TI  - Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for
      colon cancer. Metabolism of neutral sterols.
AB  - Cholesterol and its metabolites, together with bile acids, are implicated as risk
      factors in the genesis and progression of colon cancer. This study was designed
      to determine differences in the neutral sterol composition of stools from four
      different population groups differing in their dietary habits as well as in their
      expected rates for colon cancer. Four study groups consisting of 18 Seventh-day
      Adventist (SDA) pure vegetarians, 50 SDA lacto-ovo vegetarians, 50 SDA
      nonvegetarians, and 50 general population nonvegetarians were selected from the
      greater Los Angeles Basin area. Three-day composite stool samples were
      lyophilized and then analyzed for their neutral sterol composition. Cholesterol
      excretion values consistently showed an age-dependent peak in 46- to 50-yr age
      group for the total population, SDA lacto-ovo vegetarian and SDA-nonvegetarian
      subgroups being the principal contributors to this age-dependent phenomenon. The
      SDA pure vegetarians exhibited the lowest fecal concentrations and daily
      excretion of cholesterol as expected since their intake of dietary cholesterol is
      insignificant. Among the other SDA, regardless of whether they are lacto-ovo
      vegetarians or nonvegetarians, their cholesterol excretion patterns were similar
      but higher than in the nonvegetarians from the general population. Since dietary
      intakes of cholesterol are not significantly different among the two
      nonvegetarian groups, the differences in excretion values are attributable to
      differences in colonic metabolism. The ratio of cholesterol/cholesterol
      metabolites showed generally lower values among nonvegetarians compared to the
      matched group of lacto-ovo vegetarians. The observation was made that fecal
      cholesterol and its metabolites tend to be higher among nonvegetarians compared
      to those in the corresponding vegetarian groups.

PMID- 6435445
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a preferred method of feeding tube
      gastrostomy.
AB  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was attempted in 16 patients using local
      anesthesia and intravenous meperidine and diazepam sedation. The procedure was
      shown to be safe, easy to perform, and avoided the need for laparotomy. We
      suggest percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy be the preferred route of
      alimentation in those patients requiring feeding gastrostomy.

PMID- 6435446
TI  - Oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in attempt to prevent infection after
      induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.
AB  - The efficacy of orally administered trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for infection
      prevention following induction chemotherapy was evaluated in 43 patients with
      acute leukemia. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to treatment with
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole during 20 episodes of profound granulocytopenia; 23
      patients in the control group were followed through 25 granulocytopenic episodes.
      The incidences of superficial skin and overall infections were significantly
      lower in those patients with multiple relapses who received
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p = 0.008); however, there was no difference
      between the groups in regard to days of fever, days of antibiotic administration,
      days of hospitalization, or gram-negative rod bacteremia. As a result of this
      study, this regimen cannot be unequivocally recommended for infection prevention
      in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia undergoing induction or reinduction
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6435448
TI  - Early postop feeding.

PMID- 6435447
TI  - Experience with tuberculosis in a public teaching hospital.
AB  - Over a five-year period, 108 patients with active tuberculosis were admitted to
      the Talmadge Memorial Hospital in Augusta, Georgia. The age, sex and race
      distribution, case-fatality ratio, and primary drug resistance data did not
      differ from the national experience. The high incidence of nonpulmonary infection
      sites (31 percent) serves to emphasize that all hospital services and medical
      specialities can expect to encounter active tuberculosis. The only detected
      cluster of cases was from the state prison. The fact that the disease was not
      diagnosed or managed effectively in seven of 12 inmates emphasizes its special
      problem. Delays in diagnosis seemed to be unjustified in 11 patients; seven of
      these delays resulted from remediable human error. Four delays in diagnosis were
      due to difficulties that could be corrected by maintaining a greater awareness of
      tuberculosis and broadening the differential diagnosis to include tuberculosis
      among patients at high risk.

PMID- 6435449
TI  - 10 years of TPN at home.

PMID- 6435450
TI  - How do I administer medication by NG?

PMID- 6435451
TI  - Effect of a topical contraceptive on endocervical culture for Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6435452
TI  - Fetal breathing movements and the response to carbon dioxide in patients on
      methadone maintenance.
AB  - Fetal breathing movements were monitored on six methadone maintenance patients
      and ten healthy control patients, studied while breathing room air and while
      breathing a prepared gas mixture with 5% carbon dioxide, both before and 2 hours
      after either the usual daily dose of methadone or a diet drink. There was no
      difference before and after the diet drink in control patients, who showed a
      significant increase in the incidence of fetal breathing movements from 37.1% +/-
      5.9% (SEM) on room air to 69.4% +/- 2.8% while breathing 5% carbon dioxide (p
      less than 0.01). In the patients studied on room air before receiving methadone,
      fetal breathing movements were significantly decreased from those of the control
      group, 4.7% +/- 1.2% (p less than 0.01), with a further decrease when studied
      after receiving methadone, 1.3% +/- 0.7%. Fetal breathing movements did increase
      significantly in response to 5% carbon dioxide both before and after receiving
      methadone; however, in both instances the incidence was significantly less that
      that of the control group. The findings of the present study on methadone
      subjects demonstrate that abnormal function of the respiratory control network is
      evident in utero, which may be predictive of subsequent neonatal respiratory
      development.

PMID- 6435453
TI  - Severe ovarian hyperstimulation following follicular aspiration.

PMID- 6435454
TI  - Thyroid gland pigmentation and minocycline therapy.
AB  - Thyroid pigments in black thyroid glands from minocycline-treated patients were
      compared by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and energy-dispersive
      x-ray analysis with minocycline-induced pigment in thyroid glands of laboratory
      animals, and with naturally occurring lipofuscins in untreated laboratory animals
      and humans. All thyroid samples examined contained nonbirefringent, Schmorl
      positive pigment. However, the pigments in black thyroids from minocycline
      treated patients resembled lipofuscins of untreated humans since both fluoresced
      and were Ziehl-Neelsen- and Sudan IV-positive. Minocycline induced pigment in
      rats was nonfluorescent and Ziehl-Neelsen- and Sudan IV-negative.
      Ultrastructurally, pigments in black thyroid glands of minocycline-treated humans
      resembled lipofuscins in untreated humans, and initial elemental analyses yielded
      similar spectra. Repeated analyses of the most electron-dense pigment deposits
      yielded spectra that resembled those of minocycline-induced pigment in laboratory
      animals-ie, both contained calcium. Black thyroid glands associated with
      minocycline administration contained predominantly lipofuscins with a small
      amount of another, possibly minocycline-related pigment. The absence of
      functional changes in patients and animals given minocycline suggests that
      discoloration of the thyroid gland associated with minocycline administration is
      innocuous. This is further supported by the lack of documented changes in thyroid
      physiology in patients that have received tetracyclines for a variety of
      indications in the last 30-odd years since their introduction to therapy.

PMID- 6435455
TI  - Cranial morphology of Australopithecus afarensis: a comparative study based on a
      composite reconstruction of the adult skull.
AB  - The Pliocene hominid species Australopithecus afarensis is represented by
      cranial, dental, and mandibular remains from Hadar, Ethiopia, and Laetoli,
      Tanzania. These fossils provide important information about the cranial anatomy
      of the earliest known hominids. Because complete crania or skulls are not known,
      we produced a composite reconstruction of an adult male skull based on 13
      specimens from the Hadar Formation. The reconstruction serves as a testable
      hypothesis regarding functional relationships in the A. afarensis skull and is
      the basis for the comparative study presented here. We examine six major aspects
      of cranial and mandibular anatomy. We combine our results with those of White et
      al. (1981) in a discussion of alternate hypotheses of early hominid phylogeny. In
      the cranium, jaws, and teeth A. afarensis exhibits a morphological pattern that
      we interpret as primitive for the Hominidae. Homo habilis retains a number of
      these primitive features for which A. africanus, A. robustus, and A. boisei share
      derived character states, particularly in the masticatory apparatus. Homo and
      "robust" species of Australopithecus share a suite of derived cranial base
      features. These shared traits may relate to upper facial orthognathium which is
      also common to these taxa and are probably indicative of parallelism rather than
      a close phylogenetic relationship. The cranial base characteristics of A.L. 333
      45 do not, contrary to Olson's (1981) claims, provide evidence for an A.
      afarensis--"robust" Australopithecus sister group. When the range of mastoid
      variation in extant African pongids and A. afarensis is examined thoroughly, the
      Pliocene hominid appears to retain a primitive, rather than derived, morphology.

PMID- 6435456
TI  - The ecological role of the callitrichidae: a review.
AB  - The marmosets and tamarins fill a unique ecological role among the anthropoid
      primates, one that has not been fully recognized. Many misconceptions--that they
      are primitive, monogamous, territorial, and squirrellike--pervade the literature.
      These misconceptions are largely the result of misinterpreting laboratory studies
      which have not been confirmed with identified animals in natural habitats. Recent
      field studies, reviewed here, indicate that marmosets and tamarins have a highly
      derived ecological role, are not monogamous, feed largely on insects and plant
      exudates, and have uniquely specialized positional behavior involving clinging to
      vertical tree trunks in order to feed on exudates. Accompanying these behavioral
      traits are a number clawlike nails on all digits except the hallux, and a three
      cusped upper molar morphology. These form a suite of characteristics unique among
      the living primates, many of which are related to their ecological role. We
      believe that the marmosets and tamarins are members of a guild of exudate feeders
      in which plant exudates are an important component of the diet. It is within this
      framework of a primate foraging guild that we can best understand many of their
      morphological and behavioral adaptations.

PMID- 6435457
TI  - A new look at evidence about reduced cost of medical utilization following mental
      health treatment.
AB  - Meta-analysis of 58 controlled studies and analysis of the claims files for the
      Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employees Plan for 1974-1978 provide mutually
      supporting evidence of the cost-offset effects of outpatient mental health
      treatment. These two complementary resources provide a powerful tool for
      investigating the nature of associations between mental health services and
      subsequent reductions in the use of other medical services. The authors found
      that the reductions in use of medical services are associated with inpatient
      rather than with outpatient utilization and tend to be larger for persons over 55
      years of age.

PMID- 6435458
TI  - Development of an organic affective syndrome during a hyperbaric diving
      experiment.
AB  - The authors describe the clinical and pharmacologic management of a patient who
      developed an organic affective syndrome during a simulated deep-diving
      experiment. The physiological complexities of deep-diving research are reviewed,
      as well as the neuropsychiatric symptoms of the high pressure nervous syndrome.

PMID- 6435459
TI  - Treatment of bulimia with lithium.
AB  - The author treated 14 bulimic patients with lithium carbonate. All except two
      patients showed marked or moderate improvement. The possible mechanisms of action
      of lithium are discussed.

PMID- 6435460
TI  - Lithium and tryptophan augmentation in clomipramine-resistant obsessive
      compulsive disorder.
AB  - Obsessive-compulsive patients with symptoms resistant to clomipramine were
      treated by lithium or L-tryptophan augmentation. The improvement noted supports
      the hypothesis that increasing serotonergic neurotransmission ameliorates
      obsessive symptoms.

PMID- 6435461
TI  - Epidemiology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Ohio, 1981: serologic evaluation
      of canines and rickettsial isolation from ticks associated with human case
      exposure sites.
AB  - A survey for the prevalence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) antibodies in
      dogs associated with confirmed human cases in Ohio was conducted during 1981.
      Twelve of 14 confirmed cases (85%) had a history of dog association prior to
      onset of RMSF. A total of 29 dogs were included in the study, with 16 dogs
      providing serum samples for antibody testing and the remainder providing tick
      samples. Serum samples tested by indirect microimmunofluorescence techniques
      revealed 12/16 dogs (75%) to be seropositive for Rickettsia rickettsii. A total
      of 310 ticks were collected from study dogs and the vegetation surrounding RMSF
      case exposure sites. Twenty-two (7.1%) of these ticks (all Dermacentor
      variabilis) were found to be infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae. Four
      ticks (1.3%) were infected with R. rickettsii, 13 (4.2%) with Rickettsia montana,
      and four (1.3%) with Rickettsia bellii. R. montana, a nonpathogen, was the only
      rickettsia found in dogs (antibodies) and ticks (isolation) associated with human
      cases in Southern Ohio.

PMID- 6435462
TI  - Megaesophagus and seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community in
      northeast Brazil.
AB  - The relationship of symptoms and radiographic abnormalities suggestive of
      esophageal motility disorders with electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations and
      seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi was studied in a defined population in a
      rural area endemic for Chagas' disease in Bahia, Brazil. Between January and June
      1981, 680 individuals 5 years of age or older were examined with serologic tests,
      ECGs and questionnaires for esophageal motility disorder. Of these, 39.9% were
      seropositive for Chagas' disease. Symptoms of dysphagia occurred 2.5 times more
      frequently among seropositive individuals than among seronegative individuals.
      Radiographic esophageal abnormalities were 3.6 times more frequent among
      seropositive individuals than among seronegative individuals in the symptomatic
      group. Symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were more common in men than in
      women although this was not statistically significant. Among seropositive
      individuals the percentage with symptoms of dysphagia increased with age, with a
      peak prevalence rate of 23.9% in the 45- to 64-year-old age group. Also, in the
      seropositive group, 41.7% with X-ray abnormalities of the esophagus and 26.3%
      with symptoms of dysphagia presented an abnormal ECG.

PMID- 6435463
TI  - Cardiac noradrenalin in relation to protein malnutrition in chronic experimental
      Chagas' disease in the rat.
AB  - Rats inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi were divided into two groups maintained,
      respectively, on a low and a rich protein diet. Ninety-eight days after
      inoculation the cardiac levels of noradrenalin in the well-nourished infected
      rats were not different from those of uninfected controls. In the malnourished
      group, however, these levels were around 50% of the control values. In addition,
      the adrenergic nerve terminals were clearly reduced in the auricular appendages
      of 87.5% of the malnourished infected rats. These results indicate that protein
      deficiency at least delays the recovery of noradrenalin levels that normally
      occurs during the chronic phase of experimental Chagas' disease.

PMID- 6435464
TI  - Hantaan-like viruses from domestic rats captured in the United States.
AB  - Recent observations that Rattus rodents in Asia harbor Hantaan (HTN)-like viruses
      associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome led us to investigate the
      possibility that similar viruses might be present in the United States. Wharf
      rats were captured at major port cities, their sera were examined for HTN
      antibody by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay and tissues from selected
      antibody-positive rats were examined for HTN antigen. Rats positive for both
      antibody and antigen to HTN virus were found in Philadelphia, PA and Houston, TX.
      Infected rats were found clustered in discrete foci where a significant
      proportion was antibody and antigen positive. Viruses isolated from lung tissues
      of Rattus norvegicus captured at Philadelphia and Houston were grown in cell
      culture and shown to be closely related to each other and to the 76-118 strain of
      HTN virus by IFA, but clearly distinct from HTN by plaque reduction
      neutralization tests. The isolates appear to be variants of the same new virus,
      for which the name Girard Point virus is proposed.

PMID- 6435465
TI  - [Monitoring intracranial and arterial pressure and the carbon dioxide expired
      fraction with tendency curves].

PMID- 6435466
TI  - [Controlled hypotension in the surgery of intracranial arterial aneurysms].

PMID- 6435467
TI  - [Effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on blood pressure, intracranial pressure
      and total and regional cerebral blood flow in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage
      with vasospasm].

PMID- 6435468
TI  - [Characteristics of monoaminergic regulation in endocrine infertility].

PMID- 6435469
TI  - [Sensitivity of pituitary gonadotropins to luliberin in women using intrauterine
      contraceptive devices].

PMID- 6435470
TI  - [Spectrophotometric characteristics of the amniotic fluid in Rh isoimmunization
      pregnancy in relation to the therapy performed].

PMID- 6435471
TI  - [Our experience with the parenteral feeding of newborn infants under intensive
      care].

PMID- 6435472
TI  - [Anesthesia in dystrophia myotonica using the capnogram].
AB  - The dangers associated with anaesthesia and postoperative care in patients with
      dystrophia myotonica are reviewed. Weakness, atrophy and myotonia of the
      respiratory muscles and abnormal drug responses are among the many features of
      the disease which create specific problems. Capnography is obviously a monitor of
      particular value, yet capnograms in dystrophia myotonia patients have never been
      published. Abnormal capnograms recorded in a patient with dystrophia myotonica
      before and after the administration of neostigmine are described. A technique of
      anaesthetic management avoiding drug liable to produce abnormal reactions, and
      with the capnogram as a guide, is discussed.

PMID- 6435473
TI  - [Anesthesiologic experiences with an alfentanyl bolus technic in neurosurgical
      interventions].
AB  - A demand-controlled alfentanil bolus technique, which proved to be a safe and
      easy-to-handle method in 22 neurosurgical operations of mean and longer duration,
      is described. In the case of these not very painful procedures the use of more
      complicated time-controlled bolus or infusion techniques does not seem to be
      necessary.

PMID- 6435474
TI  - A method for recovering strand-specific probes from nick-translated DNA
      fragments.
AB  - A method of preparing strand-specific probes for DNA X DNA or DNA X RNA
      hybridizations is described. Double-stranded DNA fragments are first isolated
      from any recombinant DNA clone containing the desired sequence, and then labeled
      in vitro by nick-translation (T. Maniatis, A. Jeffrey, and D. G. Kleid (1975)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 1184-1188; P. W. J. Rigby, M. Dieckmann, C.
      Rhodes, and P. Berg (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 113, 237-251). Sequences homologous to
      the desired strand are captured by annealing the denatured nick-translate to
      viral strands of an appropriate M13 clone, and recovered by elution of the
      resulting hybrids from a column of agarose A50M (Bio-Rad). By this method,
      separate probes with specificity to either strand, as well as the double-stranded
      probe, may conveniently be prepared from a single nick-translation reaction.
      Probes may be obtained which are homologous either to the full length of the
      cloned region or to selected portions thereof by selecting appropriate M13 clones
      for annealing. The probe is recovered as a population of fragments several
      hundred bases or less in length, which have been found ideal for saturating
      liquid hybridizations, and should be similarly well suited for in situ
      hybridizations to cytological preparations.

PMID- 6435475
TI  - A fluorometric microassay procedure for monitoring the enzymatic activity of GM1
      ganglioside beta-galactosidase by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - For the measurement of the enzymatic activity of GM1-ganglioside (II3
      NeuAcGgOse4Cer, galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminosyl)
      galactosyl-glucosylceramide) beta-galactosidase in crude enzyme samples, a
      microassay using nonradioisotopic GM1-ganglioside was devised. To reduce the
      volume of the reaction mixture and eliminate the interferences due to the
      fluorescent contaminants in the reaction mixture, NADH, a product after the
      oxidation of the released galactose with NAD and beta-galactose dehydrogenase,
      was fluorometrically estimated by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.
      By this method, as little as 10 pmol of galactose can be detected. Using rat
      brain homogenates as an enzyme sample, the several parameters were reexamined to
      define the optimal conditions for the assay. This assay method was also applied
      to human cultured skin fibroblast homogenates, and it was found that this method
      can be used for the diagnosis of GM1-gangliosidosis, instead of the usual method
      using the radioisotope-labeled natural substrate.

PMID- 6435476
TI  - Large-scale purification of fungal glucoamylases using anion-exchange resin
      chromatography.
AB  - Anion-exchange chromatography on polystyrene resin is shown to be more effective
      than DEAE-cellulose for purification of glucoamylase from crude enzyme extracts
      of Aspergillus awamori or from commercial preparations. The glucoamylase from A.
      awamori culture medium was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with yields
      approaching 80%.

PMID- 6435477
TI  - Complete separation of the triplet components of neurofilament by DE-52 column
      chromatography depends upon urea concentration.
AB  - In the separation of the triplet components of neurofilament (P 200, P 160, and P
      68) by DE-52 column chromatography in the presence of urea, it was revealed that
      the efficiency of separation depended upon urea concentration. When
      chromatography was performed in the presence of 8 M urea and a linearly
      increasing sodium phosphate concentration from 10 to 400 mM at pH 6.8, P 160 and
      P 68 were eluted in the same peak, although P 200 was eluted faster. P 160 and P
      68 were partially separated with 6 M urea, and completely separated with 4 M
      urea. But, under these conditions, P 200 was eluted at the same position as
      contaminated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA). From these results, two
      methods were recommended for the complete separation of the triplet components of
      neurofilament and GFA by DE-52 column chromatography. In one method,
      chromatography was performed in the presence of 8 M urea at first, and then P 160
      and P 68 were separated in the presence of 4 M urea. In the other method,
      chromatography was performed with a linearly decreasing urea concentration from 8
      to 0 M.

PMID- 6435478
TI  - Determination of unsaturated glycosaminoglycan disaccharides by spectrophotometry
      on thin-layer chromatographic plates.
AB  - Chondroitin sulfate isomers and hyaluronate, digested with chondroitinase AC II
      and separated as unsaturated disaccharides by thin-layer chromatography on
      cellulose, were quantitated with scanning spectrophotometry using reflectance
      measurement at 232 nm. The sensitivity of the assay was increased by one order of
      magnitude as compared to previous modifications of the disaccharide analysis on
      cellulose. The method allowed quantitation of 0.2-20 micrograms of
      glycosaminoglycan uronic acid. Since the elution of the disaccharides from the
      plate could be omitted, the speed and reproducibility of the assay was enhanced.

PMID- 6435479
TI  - Quantitative measurement of octopamines and synephrines in urine using capillary
      column gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6435480
TI  - Effects of two glycosaminoglycans on seeding of cardiac cushion tissue cells into
      a collagen-lattice culture system.
AB  - A collagen-lattice culture model of developing heart valves was utilized to test
      two glycosaminoglycans, normally found in the cardiac jelly matrix of developing
      heart valve primordia, for their effects on the capability of mesenchymal
      derivatives of cardiac cushion endothelial cells to enter the substrate from the
      surface. Treatment with hyaluronate increased the rate of cell seeding to 2.04
      times that of untreated control cultures and 1.82 times that of chondroitin
      sulfate-treated cultures. Scanning electron microscopic studies suggested that
      the increased rate was due to an enhanced disruption of intercellular junctions,
      influenced by hyaluronate, permitting disengagement of cells from the surface
      population and migration as mesenchymal cells into the collagen matrix. The
      results of this study correlate well with the presence of high hyaluronate
      concentrations in the cardiac jelly matrix beneath the cushion endothelium at
      periods of active seeding of cushion tissue cells.

PMID- 6435481
TI  - Failure of intravenous nitroglycerin to prevent intraoperative myocardial
      ischemia during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia.
AB  - Twenty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting under fentanyl
      pancuronium anesthesia were studied. Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG)
      recording by a Holter Monitor was utilized to determine the incidence of ECG
      changes of myocardial ischemia during the precardiopulmonary bypass period and to
      determine the efficacy of an intravenous nitroglycerin (iv NTG) infusion for
      preventing ischemic ECG changes. Patients in Group 1 (n = 9) received a 0.5
      microgram . kg-1 . min-1 iv NTG infusion 20 min prior to induction of anesthesia
      and throughout the study. Patients in Group 2 (n = 11) received placebo. A
      randomized double-blind protocol was employed. Anesthesia was induced with
      fentanyl 3 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1. After fentanyl 25 micrograms/kg and
      pancuronium 0.1 microgram/kg, the trachea was intubated. After fentanyl 50
      micrograms/kg surgery commenced. Prior to induction of anesthesia, iv NTG caused
      significant decreases in mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure, whereas placebo had no effect. However, subsequent to induction of
      anesthesia, hemodynamics in the two groups were identical. Fifty per cent of
      patients developed ECG changes of myocardial ischemia during the period from
      induction of anesthesia to commencement of cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence
      of ischemic ECG changes was virtually identical in Group 1 (5/9) and Group 2
      (5/11). Ischemic ECG changes were associated with increases in heart rate, mean
      arterial pressure, and rate pressure product, and decreases in the endocardial
      viability ratio (DPTI/SPTI). Increases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were
      not associated with myocardial ischemia. Fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia, as
      administered in this study, was associated with a high incidence of myocardial
      ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435482
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin, methemoglobinemia, and respiratory distress in a
      postoperative cardiac surgical patient.

PMID- 6435483
TI  - Clinical advantages of fentanyl given epidurally for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 6435484
TI  - Nitroglycerin concentration in plasma: comparison between transdermal therapeutic
      system and ointment.
AB  - This double-blind cross-over study evaluates in 12 male volunteers the time
      course of nitroglycerin concentration in plasma with use of the TTS
      nitroglycerin, a controlled-release transdermal dosage form for nitroglycerin,
      and compares the bioavailability of nitroglycerin delivered from the transdermal
      system with that from three successive applications of 0.5 inch of 2%
      nitroglycerin ointment placed at 8 hr intervals over 10 cm2 of skin. The mean
      amounts of nitroglycerin available when subjects wore the TTS-nitroglycerin or
      received successive applications of ointment were 15.8 mg +/- 1.8 (SE) and 9.8 mg
      +/- 0.8, respectively. Mean plasma concentrations for both treatments ranged from
      10-18 pg/ml-cm2. The normalized areas under the curves--353 and 410 pg/hr/ml-cm2,
      respectively--did not differ significantly. The ratio of clearance from the two
      dosage forms was 0.98 +/- 0.12. All subjects experienced mild-to-moderate side
      effects of nitrate therapy with both dosage forms and also decrease in blood
      pressure and increase in heart rate.

PMID- 6435485
TI  - Effect of nitroglycerin on regional myocardial blood flow following an
      experimental coronary spasm.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nitroglycerin (30 micrograms
      given as an i.v. bolus) on regional distribution of myocardial blood flow in
      conscious dogs, following an acute coronary occlusion similar to a coronary
      spasm. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was acutely occluded
      with a balloon cuff occluder. The distribution of blood flow between the
      endocardium and the epicardium of both the normal and ischemic area of the left
      ventricle was determined by means of the radioactive microsphere technique. Acute
      occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery produced a significant
      decrease of blood flow reaching the area irrigated by this artery; this decrease
      was of a lesser magnitude after administration of nitroglycerin. In addition,
      ischemia produced a disproportionate decrease in endocardial blood flow. This
      decrement was also of a lesser magnitude following administration of
      nitroglycerin. Blood perfusion to the non-ischemic myocardium was not altered.
      These results indicate that an intravenous bolus of nitroglycerin, given after a
      brief coronary occlusion simulating a coronary spasm, increases blood flow to the
      ischemic myocardium, induces a favorable redistribution of blood flow toward the
      ischemic endocardium and does not produce any decrement of blood perfusion to the
      non-ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 6435486
TI  - Continuous monitoring of critically ill patients with transcutaneous oxygen and
      carbon dioxide and conjunctival oxygen sensors.
AB  - Transcutaneous (PtcO2) and conjunctival (PcjO2) oxygen tensions and
      transcutaneous (PtcCO2) carbon dioxide tension were serially measured in 31
      critically ill patients. Sixteen patients maintained a normal or greater blood
      pressure and 15 patients were severely hypotensive (MAP less than 60 mm Hg) or
      suffered cardiac arrest while in the emergency department. In hemodynamically
      stable patients, the correlations between PtcO2 and PaO2, PcjO2 and PaO2, and
      PtcCO2 and PaCO2 were significant, with correlation coefficients (r values) of
      0.62, 0.48, and 0.73, respectively. In hemodynamically unstable patients, there
      was poor correlation between PtcO2, PcjO2, PtcCO2, and arterial blood gas values.
      In the severely hypotensive patients, however, PtcO2 and PcjO2 were sensitive
      real-time monitors of peripheral perfusion and tissue oxygen delivery. Increases
      in PcjO2 and PtcO2 occurred within three minutes in patients who regained a
      palpable blood pressure from a pulseless baseline. PtcO2 fell one to five minutes
      after the loss of blood pressure in patients whose clinical condition
      deteriorated in the emergency department. Decreases in PcjO2 from previously
      stable levels occurred over three to four minutes before loss of blood pressure.
      Transcutaneous and conjunctival sensors can be used as continuous monitors of
      respiratory status in hemodynamically stable patients. In severely hypotensive
      patients and during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, these sensors no longer
      accurately reflect arterial blood gases, but act as sensitive real-time monitors
      of cardiac function and peripheral perfusion. PcjO2 can detect deterioration of
      clinical state before alterations in blood pressure occur.

PMID- 6435487
TI  - Prophylactic oxacillin for cat bite wounds.

PMID- 6435488
TI  - Gas exchange responses to bronchodilators following methacholine challenge in
      dogs.
AB  - To determine how and why different bronchodilators affect ventilation-perfusion
      (V/Q) relationships differently in experimental asthma, 10 anesthetized dogs were
      exposed 3 times each (2-1/2 h apart) to aerosolized 1% methacholine over 3 to 5
      min. Mechanical, hemodynamic, gas exchange, and catecholamine concentration
      measurements were made before challenge, and 10, 20, 30, and 135 min after
      challenge. Fifteen min after challenge the dogs were exposed to aerosolized
      epinephrine, isoproterenol, salbutamol, or isotonic saline in random order. The
      worsened V/Q inequality after isoproterenol paralleled increased cardiac output
      (QT) and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Because of increased QT,
      arterial PO2 (PaO2) did not fall in spite of the increased V/Q inequality. After
      administration of isoproterenol, improvement in air-flow obstruction was always
      associated with significantly less increase in mean PaO2 and more V/Q inequality
      than after saline. After epinephrine and salbutamol a similar significant
      decrease in airflow obstruction was associated with only slightly more V/Q
      mismatching than after saline. The effects of epinephrine on low V/Q ratio areas,
      shunt, PaO2, QT, heart rate, and PVR were less and of shorter duration than those
      of isoproterenol. Salbutamol resulted in changes similar to but more persistent
      than those induced by epinephrine. All variables approached prechallenge values
      within 2 h after bronchodilator administration, regardless of agent used. These
      studies show that in a repeatable canine asthma model, randomized administration
      of epinephrine, isoproterenol, and salbutamol produce different gas exchange
      responses in spite of similar improvements in air-flow obstruction.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435489
TI  - Rapid radiometric methods to detect and differentiate Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis/M. bovis from other mycobacterial species.
AB  - Rapid methods for the differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis/M. bovis (TB
      complex) from other mycobacteria (MOTT bacilli) were developed and evaluated in a
      three-phase study. In the first phase, techniques for identification of
      Mycobacterium species were developed by using radiometric technology and BACTEC
      Middlebrook 7H12 liquid medium. Based on 14CO2 evolution, characteristic growth
      patterns were established for 13 commonly encountered mycobacterial species.
      Mycobacteria belonging to the TB complex were differentiated from other
      mycobacteria by cellular morphology and rate of 14CO2 evolution. For further
      differentiation, radiometric tests for niacin production and inhibition by Q
      nitro-alpha-acetyl amino-beta-hydroxy-propiophenone (NAP) were developed. In the
      second phase, 100 coded specimens on Lowenstein-Jensen medium were identified as
      members of the TB complex, MOTT bacilli, bacteria other than mycobacteria, or "no
      viable organisms" within 3 to 12 (average 6.4) days of receipt from the Centers
      for Disease Control. Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from 20
      simulated sputum specimens were carried out in phase III. Out of 20 sputum
      specimens, 16 contained culturable mycobacteria, and all of the positives were
      detected by the BACTEC method in an average of 7.3 days. The positive
      mycobacterial cultures were isolated and identified as TB complex or MOTT bacilli
      in an average of 12.8 days. The radiometric NAP test was found to be highly
      sensitive and specific for a rapid identification of TB complex, whereas the
      radiometric niacin test was found to have some inherent problems. Radiometric
      BACTEC and conventional methodologies were in complete agreement in Phase II as
      well as in Phase III.

PMID- 6435490
TI  - Observations on the ubiquity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis sulfatides in
      mycobacteria.
AB  - Recent publications claimed improved selective extraction and recovery of the
      sulfatides ("sulfolipids") from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and alleged their
      distribution among "all mycobacteria." Our evidence denies the selectivity,
      suggests that some ubiquitous mycobacterial glycolipid was mistaken for
      sulfatide, and that its occurrence in saprophytic species has not yet been
      unequivocally demonstrated.

PMID- 6435491
TI  - Hypogonadism in hemochromatosis: reversal with iron depletion.
AB  - Gonadal function was evaluated in 64 persons homozygous for the HLA-linked
      hemochromatosis allele. Of 41 men, 10 had reduced libido or impotence and 6 had
      testicular atrophy. Before treatment, 5 men had below normal testosterone
      concentrations, 4 of whom also had low gonadotrophin levels. Four hypogonadal men
      were reevaluated after iron depletion treatment. In 2, 1 with primary and another
      with secondary hypogonadism, testosterone levels returned to normal after
      phlebotomy and were accompanied by a return of normal sexual function. None of 23
      women with hemochromatosis had loss of libido or had a natural menopause before
      age 45. Our findings indicate that in some men with hereditary hemochromatosis
      and hypogonadism of either testicular or central origin, sexual function and sex
      hormone concentrations can be restored to normal after iron depletion therapy.

PMID- 6435493
TI  - Desamino-D-arginine vasopressin and bleeding time in von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6435492
TI  - The pregnant surgical patient: medical evaluation and management.
AB  - Nonobstetric disease requiring surgery may complicate pregnancy and jeopardize
      maternal and fetal well-being. Surgery may be safely done if the physician is
      aware of anatomic and physiologic alterations during gestation that necessitate
      an altered approach to diagnosis and management. Fetal exposure to all diagnostic
      and therapeutic agents should be minimized, particularly during organogenesis.
      However, the risk to the fetus of diagnostic irradiation is justifiable when
      information essential to maternal health is likely to be obtained. Furthermore,
      the broad range of available antibiotic, analgesic, and anesthetic agents provide
      the physician with options for treatment that have an acceptable degree of risk
      to fetal health. Anesthesia and surgery are tolerated considerably better by the
      fetus than is maternal hypotension, hypoxia, or sepsis. When an operative
      procedure is urgently or emergently indicated, pregnancy should not delay timely
      intervention.

PMID- 6435494
TI  - Antibody activity in perilymph from rats with type II collagen-induced autoimmune
      inner ear disease.
AB  - Rats were immunized with native type II bovine collagen to induce autoimmune
      inner ear disease, and the antibody activity in the inner ear fluid was measured.
      Antibody activity against type II collagen was detected in the perilymph at about
      10% to 20% of serum level. Thus, the presence of antibody against type II
      collagen in inner ear fluid may imply an immune injury mechanism in inner ear
      diseases.

PMID- 6435495
TI  - Type II collagen-induced autoimmune inner ear lesions in guinea pigs.
AB  - Guinea pigs immunized with type II collagen developed histologic changes
      resembling those observed in patients with sensorineural hearing loss associated
      with connective tissue diseases. The histologic changes observed in the inner
      ears of these guinea pigs included spiral ganglion cell degeneration, atrophied
      organ of Corti, atrophy of stria vascularis, and mild extension of Reissner's
      membrane. These pathologic changes were accompanied by both humoral and cell
      mediated immune responses directed against type II collagen--a collagen found in
      the subepithelial layer of the endolymphatic duct and spiral ligament. These
      findings suggest that an immune response directed against type II collagen can
      induce inner ear lesions.

PMID- 6435496
TI  - Mechanisms of tissue destruction following cryosurgery.
AB  - Destruction of diseased tissue in situ by means of freezing is well established
      in many branches of surgery. The tissues are apparently unaltered at thaw but
      progressive necrosis ensues. There is controversy as to whether tissue death is
      principally due to the direct effects of freezing or to subsequent ischaemia.
      Studies at the ultrastructural level show that ice-crystals are formed within the
      cells during cryosurgery, that resultant cell damage is osmotic rather than
      mechanical and that microcirculatory changes are secondary in terms of the
      chronological development of tissue necrosis.

PMID- 6435497
TI  - [Listeria strains isolated from sick animals and consumed silage].
AB  - Forty-eight strains of listeria isolated from sick animals (27 goats, 19 sheep, 2
      cows) from 33 farms, and 40 isolated from the silage eaten by these animals were
      studied. Listeria were isolated more frequently from poor quality silages than
      from those of good quality, although they were found in 11 out of 31 excellent
      silages with a pH value comprised between 3.6 and 4. The 88 strains were
      characterized by biochemical and serological examinations, phage typing and
      measurement of their virulence. They showed a wide variety of characteristics and
      in only one case, three strains with the same characteristics were isolated one
      from a dead ewe with symptoms of encephalitis and the two others from the silage
      it had eaten. In four flocks, identical strains were found in several animals
      from each farm, but in five other flocks, strains isolated from animals were
      different. The listeria of the silage may be the direct cause of the disease, but
      the isolation of strain with different characteristics from animals of the same
      flock led us to think that other causes might favour the infection. So, it seems
      difficult to control the disease only by enhancement of the quality of the
      silage.

PMID- 6435498
TI  - [Cell line originating from a sheep nasal tumor].

PMID- 6435499
TI  - The immunochemical determination of apolipoprotein A, total apolipoprotein A-I
      and 'free' apolipoprotein A-I in serum of patients on chronic haemodialysis.
AB  - We have determined by radial immunodiffusion the apolipoprotein A content of
      undelipidated serum samples from 30 patients on chronic haemodialysis and 28
      controls using an antiserum against high density lipoprotein (anti-apolipoprotein
      A). We found that the patients had lower concentrations of apolipoprotein A than
      the controls. When an antiserum against apolipoprotein A-I was used and the
      samples were delipidated prior to radial immunodiffusion there was, however, no
      difference in the total amount of apolipoprotein A-I between the two groups. We
      were able to explain this difference by measuring the amount of 'free'
      apolipoprotein A-I after crossed immunoelectrophoresis of undelipidated samples,
      using the antiserum against apolipoprotein A-I. We found that the patients had a
      higher level of 'free' apolipoprotein A-I than the control group. Since
      apolipoprotein A-I inhibits hepatic triglyceride lipase, the increase in
      triglycerides observed in patients on haemodialysis may be caused by the greater
      concentration of 'free' apolipoprotein A-I in their serum.

PMID- 6435500
TI  - Thyroid hormone concentrations and free thyroxine status in neonatal venous and
      capillary serum pairs.
AB  - The levels of thyroid hormones in paired venous and capillary serum samples taken
      from 68 healthy full-term neonates were determined by radioimmunoassay. Compared
      with capillary values, total thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine
      binding globulin (TBG) each showed a significant decrease in venous serum. The
      mean venous and capillary concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3), reverse tri
      iodothyronine (rT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) were not significantly different;
      however, in each case the fitted linear relationship suggested that venous and
      capillary values were not concordant (P less than 0.02, P less than 0.01, P less
      than 0.05 respectively). Both the T3 uptake test and the free thyroxine index
      (FTI) were significantly higher in venous serum, while the ratios of T4 to TBG in
      paired samples were equivalent. These results suggest that consistent sample
      collection and assay methods should be applied when assessing neonatal thyroid
      status, particularly if comparison of results is intended.

PMID- 6435501
TI  - Distribution of eight blood-group systems and ABH secretion in Mongolian, Korean,
      and Zhuang nationalities in China.
AB  - Among different blood-group systems investigated here, the distribution of the
      ABO system varies most of all, followed by MNSs and P. Although there are
      differences in ABH secretion in the different populations, no striking regularity
      has been found. No significant difference has been found in the distribution of
      the blood-group systems Rhesus, Diego, Duffy, Kell and Kidd in these Chinese
      populations: the Rh (-) rate is less than 1%, the frequency of Dia is about 0.04,
      the frequency of Fya is rather high, the frequency of K extremely low and Jka is
      about 0.4. In the three nationalities under study, Mongolians are characterized
      by a high frequency of IB, M higher than 0.5 and a relatively high frequency of
      P1. Koreans are characterized by a high frequency of IA, slightly more M than N
      and rather high CDE in the Rh system. The peculiarities of the Zhuangs are a
      rather high frequency of IO and M and the lowest frequency of P1.

PMID- 6435502
TI  - Cell interaction (CI) and anti-CI molecules: experiments and concepts on
      cell/cell interactions in the immune system.

PMID- 6435503
TI  - Primary tumor growth and formation of spontaneous lung metastases in mice bearing
      Lewis carcinoma treated with proteinase inhibitors.
AB  - The differential effects on primary tumor growth and on the formation of
      spontaneous pulmonary metastases have been determined for a series of proteinase
      inhibitors. The substances included the gold compounds, aurothioglucose and
      aurothiomalate, D(-)penicillamine, phosphoramidon and an egg-white inhibitor of
      cysteine proteinase (EWI). The i.p. administration of these substances to mice
      bearing s.c. Lewis lung carcinoma cause varying degrees of antineoplastic
      effects; the most pronounced effects on metastases are caused by phosphoramidon.
      The inactivity of EWI on tumor progression is concomitant with an inhibition to
      50% of cathepsin B in tumor homogenates. The selective antimetastatic action of
      phosphoramidon is in agreement with the crucial role proposed for tumor
      collagenases in tumor dissemination.

PMID- 6435504
TI  - Cerebral physiological and metabolic effects of hyperventilation in the neonatal
      dog.
AB  - To clarify the changes that occur during marked hypocarbia in the neonate, we
      measured brain blood flow and metabolite levels after 90 minutes of
      hyperventilation in neonatal dogs. Brain blood flow decreased significantly in
      diencephalon, brainstem, and spinal cord but not in cerebral cortex or white
      matter. There was no substantial change in the electroencephalogram. Lactate
      concentrations, both in telencephalon and in superior sagittal sinus blood,
      increased significantly, although there was no alteration in levels of ATP or
      phosphocreatine. Marked hypocarbia in the neonatal dog produces an elevated brain
      lactate level that may be related to changes in glycolytic rate rather than to
      tissue ischemia or hypoxia.

PMID- 6435505
TI  - Hallmarks of success in nursing research.
AB  - Assessment of nursing research accomplishments revealed three hallmarks of
      success: (1) identification of the boundaries of nursing research, (2)
      explication of the types of research needed by the professional discipline of
      nursing, and (3) delineation of research activities appropriate for nurses
      according to educational preparation. Assessment of the current state of nursing
      research resulted in identification of three major issues: (1) elimination of
      obstacles to nursing research, (2) acceptance of multiple modes of inquiry, and
      (3) utilization of nursing research findings in clinical practice. the successful
      resolution of these issues should represent three future hallmarks of success in
      nursing research.

PMID- 6435506
TI  - On the vicissitudes of health appraisal.
AB  - Little consensus exists for a definition of health. Economic and other forces are
      pushing health professionals to develop not only a definition of health
      consistent with the prevalent construct, holism, but also a means of quantifying
      health. One approach, which was used as part of a study to explore perceived
      health status among middle-aged women, was to select measures of specific
      dimensions of health and to sum scores on each. Factor analysis revealed validity
      to this approach when Perceived Health Status was operationally defined as the
      sum of scores on the Health Perceptions Questionnaire, the Affect Balance Scale,
      and the Life Satisfaction Index.

PMID- 6435507
TI  - Newman's conceptual framework and the measurement of older adult's health.
AB  - A study was undertaken to test propositions derived from Newman's
      conceptualization of health in a sample of older women and to develop instruments
      to measure older adults' health by establishing criterion-related validity of
      movement and time with self-assessment of health. Results supported the
      postulated relationship between movement and time, and health as a basic pattern
      unique to the individual. The lack of criterion-related validity with self
      assessment of health demonstrates the need for an alternate criterion, such as
      functional health, and modifications of Newman's conceptualization and
      measurement of health.

PMID- 6435508
TI  - Use of the life history in pattern identification and health promotion.
AB  - The life history is presented as a tool for the identification of human
      patterning and as a process of nursing intervention for the promotion of health
      through expansion of consciousness. The life history process is presented in a
      pilot study involving a selected sample of eight persons aged 65. Qualitative
      study findings were interpreted through integration of two theoretical
      perspectives on patterning. Recommendations for further study are made that will
      increase the validity and reliability of life history as a measure of patterning
      and increase the ability to generalize study findings.

PMID- 6435509
TI  - Child's health self-concept scale: its development and psychometric properties.
AB  - The Child's Health Self-Concept Scale (CHSCS) is an instrument designed to
      measure the collection of perceptions a child has concerning health and health
      related behaviors. Its development was based on perceptions of children regarding
      "healthy" and "unhealthy" children. The original instrument was critiqued,
      revised, and tested. The estimation of reliability and validity was accomplished
      through a sample of 940 children. Critical analyses of the findings led to the
      conclusions that the CHSCS had moderate stability and high internal consistency
      reliability, evidence of content validity, but no evidence of construct validity.
      Additional research is needed to evaluate its potential usefulness for nursing
      research and practice.

PMID- 6435510
TI  - Role of strategic communication in nursing theory and research.
AB  - Linking the process of nursing with theory and research in interpersonal
      competence is important in building a comprehensive theory of nursing. One
      dimension of interpersonal competence is the ability to use communication as a
      strategic mode of nursing intervention. The study of strategic communication can
      proceed by identifying communication-relevant nursing objectives, obstacles that
      inhibit the accomplishment of these objectives, and interpersonal strategies that
      can be employed to address these obstacles and facilitate goal attainment. The
      use of free response data collection procedures and theoretically grounded and
      hierarchically ordered message coding systems represents a viable method to
      analyze strategic communication.

PMID- 6435511
TI  - The Delphi technique: characteristics and sequence model.
AB  - The Delphi Technique is gaining popularity in the health care field, although no
      model has been presented to capture its sequential process. An attempt was made
      to trace its characteristics and to design such a model in order to clarify the
      process and to assist users of this technique.

PMID- 6435512
TI  - Reliability and construct validity of alternate forms of the CLS Inventory.
AB  - Learning style assessment measures the preferences for specific ways of learning
      in selected teaching-learning situations. The Learning Styles Inventory, which
      was constructed based on the Canfield model of learning style, assesses learning
      preferences that focus on selected motivational and environmental factors present
      in formal instructional situations. The study presented here was designed to
      determine the reliability and construct validity of Canfield's ipsative
      inventory, and an alternate normative form developed by the authors. Results
      suggest that the alternate form is at least as reliable as the original ipsative
      inventory, with a factor structure that is congruent with the Canfield learning
      styles model.

PMID- 6435513
TI  - Correlation between lipopolysaccharide structure and permeability resistance in
      beta-lactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Four beta-lactam-resistant permeability mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO503
      were studied. The resistance phenotypes were correlated to changes within the
      lipopolysaccharide. Two of the mutants, PCC1 and PCC19, were shown to
      differentiate between beta-lactams on the basis of relative hydrophobicity. The
      more hydrophilic antibiotics were less effective at inhibiting these strains.
      This phenotype was correlated to the presence of mannose, in measurable
      quantities, in lipopolysaccharide isolated from these strains. The other two
      strains, PCC23 and PCC100, differentiated between cephem antibiotics on the basis
      of electrical charge. The presence of a positive charge markedly increased the
      relative efficiency of an antibiotic. This correlation did not hold for penam
      derivatives, with the lower-molecular-weight, dianionic molecules being the most
      effective. Mutants of this type were changed in the amount of "side chain" sugars
      or, to minor extent, in their outer membrane protein profiles.

PMID- 6435514
TI  - Influence of inoculum size on comparative susceptibilities of penicillinase
      positive and -negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 31 antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The effects of two inoculum sizes (10(4) and 10(6) CFU) on the MICs of 20 beta
      lactam antibiotics, 4 aminoglycosides, and 7 other antimicrobial agents were
      compared for 102 unselected strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (26 penicillinase
      positive and 76 penicillinase negative), with three replicates for each test. The
      method was agar plate dilution on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 1%
      hemoglobin and 1% IsoVitaleX. For penicillinase-positive strains, a large
      inoculum (10(6) CFU) increased the MIC greater than or equal to 16-fold for
      benzylpenicillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, and mezlocillin and increased the MIC
      greater than or equal to 8-fold for ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime,
      cefonicid, and cefamandole. The inoculum size had little or no influence on MICs
      of any antimicrobial agent for penicillinase-negative strains. For penicillinase
      positive strains, the most active antibiotics (MIC, less than or equal to 0.001
      microgram/ml) were the new cephalosporins: cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime,
      ceftriaxone, and cefmenoxime. For penicillinase-negative strains, the most active
      antibiotics were piperacillin, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and cefmenoxime (MIC,
      less than or equal to 0.001 microgram/ml), closely followed by ceftazidime,
      moxalactam, azlocillin, mezlocillin, and cefuroxime.

PMID- 6435515
TI  - Serum bactericidal activity of aztreonam, cefoperazone, and amikacin, alone or in
      combination, against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia
      marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Serum samples from volunteers receiving (per kilogram) 20 mg of aztreonam, 20 mg
      of cefoperazone, 7.5 mg of amikacin, 20 mg of cefoperazone plus 20 mg of
      aztreonam, or 20 mg of aztreonam plus 7.5 mg of amikacin were evaluated for
      bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia
      marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serum bactericidal activities were
      similar for aztreonam alone or in combination but were lower for amikacin and
      cefoperazone alone, especially against S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa. Killing
      studies, performed with serum samples diluted 1:8, demonstrated a high killing
      rate for aztreonam plus amikacin, especially against P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6435516
TI  - In vitro activities of ureidopenicillins alone and in combination with amikacin
      and three cephalosporin antibiotics.
AB  - The MIC and MBC activity of mezlocillin alone and in combination with two
      concentrations of ceftizoxime, moxalactam, and amikacin and a single
      concentration of cefoxitin was studied in a broth microdilution partial
      checkerboard against 472 strains of aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive
      bacteria. Azlocillin was tested alone and in the same combinations against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the gram-negative bacilli tested, 38% were gentamicin
      resistant. Antagonism (less than or equal to a fourfold ureidopenicillin MIC
      increase) was observed frequently with combinations of ureidopenicillins plus
      cefoxitin and sporadically with ureidopenicillins plus ceftizoxime or moxalactam.
      Partial synergism (less than or equal to a fourfold ureidopenicillin MIC
      decrease) was evident with both combinations of ureidopenicillins plus amikacin
      and ureidopenicillins plus ceftizoxime or moxalactam, the percentage being
      dependent upon the individual species and combinations.

PMID- 6435517
TI  - Imipenem antagonism of the in vitro activity of piperacillin against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The MICs of imipenem and piperacillin, alone and in combination, against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined in a checkerboard titration microdilution
      assay. A dramatic, one-way antagonism of imipenem for piperacillin was
      demonstrated in 28 of the 35 strains examined; antagonism was associated with the
      induction of a beta-lactamase.

PMID- 6435518
TI  - In vitro comparison of amifloxacin and six other antibiotics against
      aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The in vitro activity of the synthetic fluoroquinolone amifloxacin was compared
      with those of six other antibiotics: ampicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime,
      cephalexin, cinoxacin, and gentamicin. Amifloxacin had the lowest 50% MIC of any
      of the antibiotics tested against aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, 4 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6435519
TI  - Agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads: synthesis and biomedical applications.
      Cell labeling, cell separation, affinity chromatography, and hemoperfusion.
AB  - Polyaldehyde microspheres, polyglutaraldehyde (PGL), and polyacrolein (PA) were
      synthesized by polymerizing glutaraldehyde and acrolein in the presence of an
      appropriate surfactant. The microspheres with average diameter of 0.2 micron were
      used for the specific labeling of human red blood cells (RBC) and mouse
      lymphocytes. The "naked" microspheres were encapsulated with agarose and formed
      agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads in sizes ranging from 50 microns up to 1
      cm. The encapsulated beads, with diameters ranging from 50 to 150 microns were
      used as insoluble adsorbents for affinity purification of antibodies. Beads with
      diameters varied from 150 to 250 microns were used for cell fractionation
      purposes (mouse B splenocytes from T splenocytes). Uniform beads of 1 mm diameter
      were designed for hemoperfusion purposes. As a model, the removal in vitro of
      anti-BSA from immunized goat whole blood was studied.

PMID- 6435520
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa biosurfactant production in continuous culture with
      glucose as carbon source.
AB  - Rsan-ver, a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at this department, was
      used for the development of a continuous process for biosurfactant production.
      The active compounds were identified as rhamnolipids. A final medium for
      production was designed in continuous culture by means of medium shifts, since
      the formation of surface-active compounds was decisively influenced by the
      composition and concentration of the medium components. In the presence of yeast
      extract, biosurfactant production was poor. For the nitrogen-source nitrate,
      which was superior to ammonium, an optimum carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of ca. 18
      existed. The iron concentration needed to be minimized to 27.5 micrograms of
      FeSO4 X 7H2O per g of glucose. A carbon-to-phosphate ratio below 16 yielded the
      maximum production of rhamnolipids. The final productivity dilution rate diagram
      indicated that biosurfactant production was correlated to low growth rates
      (dilution rate below 0.15 h-1). With a medium containing 18.2 g of glucose liter
      1, a biosurfactant concentration (expressed as rhamnolipids) of up to 1.5 g liter
      1 was obtained in the cell-free culture liquid.

PMID- 6435521
TI  - Regulation of product formation during glucose or lactose limitation in
      nongrowing cells of Streptococcus lactis.
AB  - Nongrowing cells of Streptococcus lactis in a pH-stat were dosed with sugar to
      allow fermentation at the maximum rate or were fed a continuous supply of sugar
      at rates less than the maximum. Under anaerobic conditions, rapid fermentation of
      either glucose or lactose was essentially homolactic. However, with strain ML3,
      limiting the fermentation rate diverted approximately half of the pyruvate to
      formate, acetate, and ethanol. At limiting glucose fermentation rates, cells
      contained lower concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase activator (fructose 1,6
      diphosphate) and pyruvate formate-lyase inhibitors (triose phosphates). As a
      result, pyruvate formate-lyase and pyruvate dehydrogenase play a greater role in
      pyruvate metabolism. In contrast to strain ML3, strain ML8 did not give the same
      diversion of products under anaerobic conditions, and cells retained higher
      concentrations of the above effector compounds. Lactose metabolism under aerobic
      conditions resulted in pyruvate excretion by both S. lactis ML3 and ML8. At 7% of
      the maximum utilization rate, pyruvate accounted for 69 and 35% of the lactose
      metabolized by ML3 and ML8, respectively. Acetate was also a major product,
      especially with ML8. The data suggest that NADH oxidase is involved in coenzyme
      recycling in the presence of oxygen and that pyruvate formate-lyase is
      inactivated, but the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex still functions.

PMID- 6435522
TI  - Transformation of Streptococcus sanguis Challis with Streptococcus lactis plasmid
      DNA.
AB  - Streptococcus lactis plasmid DNA, which is required for the fermentation of
      lactose (plasmid pLM2001), and a potential streptococcal cloning vector plasmid
      (pDB101) which confers resistance to erythromycin were evaluated by
      transformation into Streptococcus sanguis Challis. Plasmid pLM2001 transformed
      lactose-negative (Lac-) mutants of S. sanguis with high efficiency and was
      capable of conferring lactose-metabolizing ability to a mutant deficient in
      Enzyme IIlac, Factor IIIlac, and phospho-beta-galactosidase of the lactose
      phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system. Plasmid pDB101 was capable of high
      efficiency transformation of S. sanguis to antibiotic resistance, and the plasmid
      could be readily isolated from transformed strains. However, when 20 pLM2001 Lac+
      transformants were analyzed by a variety of techniques for the presence of
      plasmids, none could be detected. In addition, attempts to cure the Lac+
      transformants by treatment with acriflavin were unsuccessful. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis was used to demonstrate that the transformants had acquired a
      phospho-beta-galactosidase characteristic of that normally produced by S. lactis
      and not S. sanguis. It is proposed that the genes required for lactose
      fermentation may have become stabilized in the transformants due to their
      integration into the host chromosome. The efficient transformation into and
      expression of pLM2001 and pDB101 genes in S. sanguis provides a model system
      which could allow the development of a system for cloning genes from dairy
      starter cultures into S. sanguis to examine factors affecting their expression
      and regulation.

PMID- 6435523
TI  - Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production on black and white pepper
      and the inhibitory action of their chemical constituents.
AB  - Aspergillus parasiticus Speare NRRL 2999 growth and aflatoxin production in black
      and white pepper and the penetration of the fungus in black pepper corn over
      various incubation periods were studied. Also, the effects of piperine and pepper
      oil on growth and aflatoxin production were studied. Under laboratory conditions,
      black and white pepper supported aflatoxin production (62.5 and 44 ppb (ng/g),
      respectively) over 30 days of incubation. Fungal growth measured in terms of
      chitin was considerably less in white pepper than in black pepper. A histological
      study of black pepper corn showed the fungus penetrating up to the inner mesocarp
      and establishing itself in the middle mesocarp. Piperine and pepper oil were
      found to inhibit fungal growth and toxin production in a dose-dependent manner.
      Thus, both black and white pepper could be considered as poor substrates for
      fungal growth and aflatoxin production.

PMID- 6435524
TI  - Identification of swainsonine as a probable contributory mycotoxin in moldy
      forage mycotoxicoses.
AB  - When infested with the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola, certain forages, e.g.,
      red clover hay, can cause a "slobber syndrome" of varying severity when consumed
      by ruminants. The causative agent has been presumed to be slaframine [(1S,6S,8aS)
      1-acetoxy-6-aminooctahydroindolizine], which is produced by R. leguminicola. In
      one serious outbreak of the slobber syndrome in horses, the red clover forage
      involved was carefully examined and found to contain R. leguminicola and
      slaframine. An identical hay sample is shown here by ion-exchange chromatographic
      and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of appropriate hay extracts
      to also contain swainsonine [(1S,2R,8R,8aR)-1,2,8-trihydroxyoctahydroindolizine],
      a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine has previously been isolated
      from pure cultures of R. leguminicola and from higher plants, namely the Darling
      pea (Swainsona canescens) and spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus).
      Consumption of Darling pea and spotted locoweed by livestock results in a severe
      neurological condition resembling that observed in hereditary mannosidosis in
      cattle and humans. Our findings indicate that swainsonine may be viewed as a
      mycotoxin when present in moldy forages consumed by livestock. The extent to
      which slaframine and swainsonine mycotoxicosis pose threats to animal husbandry
      and, indeed, to humans, if these alkaloids were to enter the human food chain,
      deserves serious consideration.

PMID- 6435525
TI  - Role of resistance to starvation in bacterial survival in sewage and lake water.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the significance of starvation resistance to
      the ability of a species to survive in sewage and lake water. Tests were
      conducted for periods of up to 14 days. Rhizobium meliloti and one fluorescent
      and one nonfluorescent strain of Pseudomonas were resistant to starvation because
      their population sizes did not fall appreciably in buffer and sterile lake water,
      and the first two maintained high numbers after being added to sterile sewage.
      Cell densities of these bacterial species dropped slowly in nonsterile sewage,
      and more cells of these three organisms than of the other test organisms remained
      in nonsterile lake water. Rhizobium leguminosarum was moderately resistant to
      starvation because its numbers fell slowly in buffer and sterile lake water and
      did not change appreciably in sterile sewage. The abundance of Micrococcus flavus
      added to buffer and sterile lake water did not change, but the density of M.
      flavus declined in nonsterile lake water. The abundance of R. leguminosarum fell
      in nonsterile lake water and nonsterile sewage. Streptococcus faecalis,
      Staphylococcus aureus, an asporogenous strain of Bacillus subtilis, and
      Streptococcus sp. were susceptible to starvation because their populations were
      markedly reduced in buffer. Populations of the last three species declined
      rapidly in nonsterile and sterile samples of lake water and sewage. S. faecalis
      declined rapidly when added to nonsterile lake water and sewage and sterile lake
      water but not when added to sterile sewage, the persistence in the last instance
      probably being associated with the availability of organic nutrients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435526
TI  - Conversion of glycerate to serine in intact spinach leaf peroxisomes.
AB  - Intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf peroxisomes converted glycerate to
      serine in the presence of NAD and alanine. The reaction proceeded optimally at
      pH9. Addition of oxaloacetate or alpha-ketoglutarate plus aspartate enhanced the
      conversion about three-fold. Alteration of the concentration of one of the
      reaction components, consisting of 2 mM glycerate, 0.2 mM NAD, 0.5 mM
      oxaloacetate, and 2 mM alanine, revealed half-saturation constants of 0.45 mM for
      glycerate, 0.06 mM for NAD, 0.02 mM for oxaloacetate, and 0.33 mM for alanine.
      The conversion proceeded with the formation of hydroxypyruvate followed by
      serine; hydroxypyruvate did not accumulate to a high amount in the presence or
      absence of alanine. The amino group donor could be alanine (half-saturation
      constant, 0.33 mM), glycine (0.45 mM), or asparagine (0.67 mM); the three amino
      acids produced roughly similar Vmax values. The results indicate that, in the
      conversion of glycerate to serine, the transamination is catalyzed by a
      hydroxypyruvate aminotransferase with characteristics unknown among all other
      studied leaf peroxisomal aminotransferases. The peroxisomal membrane is sparsely
      permeable to NAD/NADH, and the participation of the peroxisomal malate
      dehydrogenase in an electron shuttle system across the membrane in the
      regeneration of NAD/NADH is suggested.

PMID- 6435527
TI  - Inhibition of activated porcine factor IX by dansyl-glutamyl-glycyl-arginyl
      chloromethylketone.
AB  - Activated porcine Factor IX is irreversibly inhibited by an active site histidine
      directed serine protease inhibitor, dansyl-glutamyl-glycyl-arginyl
      chloromethylketone (DEGR-CK). The kinetics of inhibition are second order up to
      inhibitor concentrations of 10(-5) M. The apparent second-order rate constant (in
      0.20 M NaCl, pH 8.0) is 1.7 X 10(4) M-1 min-1, which is considerably lower than
      values reported for Factor Xa, thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein. Reaction of
      increasing concentrations of DEGR-CK with Factor IXa, followed by analysis of
      residual enzymatic activity, yields 1.2 mol DEGR-CK/mol protein, indicating 1:1
      stoichiometry for the DEGR-CK/Factor IXa interaction. DEGR-Factor IXa is a potent
      anticoagulant in vitro. A concentration of 1 nM causes 50% inhibition of the
      ability of normal porcine-citrated plasma to correct either Factor VIII- or
      Factor IX-deficient plasmas (intrinsic pathway factors). In contrast, more than
      100 nM DEGR-Factor IXa is required to cause 50% inhibition of Factor VII
      (extrinsic pathway) or Factor X (common pathway) assays. Activation of porcine
      Factor VIII:C by thrombin in the presence of DEGR-Factor IXa and
      phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine vesicles reveals that DEGR-Factor IXa
      markedly stabilizes the spontaneous loss of Factor VIII:Ca activity as does
      unmodified Factor IXa [P. Lollar, G.J. Knutson, and D. N. Fass (1984) Blood 63,
      1303-1308]. These results suggest that DEGR-Factor IXa incorporates into the
      intrinsic pathway Factor X-activator enzymatic complex, and also that
      stabilization of Factor VIII:Ca by this complex is independent of the active site
      of Factor IXa. Inhibition of Factor IXa by DEGR-CK results in the first reported
      irreversible active-site-modified derivative of this enzyme. DEGR-CK promises to
      be a useful reagent in the study of the Factor X activator complex. Conceivably,
      its specific anticoagulant properties could have future clinical benefit.

PMID- 6435528
TI  - Biochemical, immunological, and structural studies on a sphingolipid activator
      protein (SAP-1).
AB  - Sphingolipid activator protein-1 (SAP-1) is a glycoprotein found in human tissue
      extracts that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis of at least two
      glycosphingolipids, including GM1 ganglioside and sulfatide. The ability of
      purified SAP-1 to stimulate GM1 ganglioside hydrolysis by extracts of cultured
      fibroblasts from patients with beta-galactosidase deficiency was examined, and
      all patients had a pronounced deficiency (under 10% of control). Using
      monospecific antibodies against SAP-1, the concentration was determined in
      cultured fibroblasts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Extracts from 15 control
      cell lines were found to have 0.72 +/- 0.24 micrograms cross-reactive material/mg
      protein, while cell extracts from 8 patients with GM1 gangliosidosis involving
      mental retardation were found to have 1.08 +/- 0.17, which is significantly
      elevated. When the fibroblast extracts were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting, multiple bands
      were observed. Controls were found to have two major bands with estimated
      molecular weights of 9000 and 9500, and a minor band at 7800. Extracts from
      patients with GM1 gangliosidosis were found to have multiple bands ranging upward
      to 13,000. Extracts from patients with the most severe clinical types of GM1
      gangliosidosis had almost exclusively high-molecular-weight forms (molecular
      weights above 10,000). Treatment of SAP-1 from control liver with endoglycosidase
      D caused a decrease in the Mr 9500 band and increased in the Mr 7800 band. When
      SAP-1 from GM1 gangliosidosis liver was treated sequentially with neuraminidase,
      beta-galactosidase, and endoglycosidase D, almost all of it was converted to the
      forms found in control human liver.

PMID- 6435530
TI  - Kinetics of carbonic anhydrase catalysis in solvents of increased viscosity: a
      partially diffusion-controlled reaction.
AB  - Steady-state kinetic studies of the bovine carbonic anhydrase B-catalyzed
      hydration of CO2, dehydration of HCO3-, and hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate
      were made in glycerol/water solvents of increased viscosity in order that the
      effect of diffusion-control on the substrate association reactions could be
      determined. The minimum association rate constants (kmin = V/(Km[E0])) were
      obtained at low substrate concentrations. The esterase activity did not depend
      upon the solvent viscosity. However, both the CO2 hydration and HCO3- dehydration
      reactions depended upon the solvent viscosity consistent with partial diffusion
      control. Thus both chemical activation and diffusion control processes contribute
      to the observed kmin. In low-viscosity aqueous solutions both hydration and
      dehydration are largely controlled by chemical activation. However, at higher
      viscosities, equal to that found in the interior of the erythrocyte, both
      reactions are largely diffusion controlled. This result can be interpreted to
      mean that carbonic anhydrase is a highly evolved enzyme that has approached its
      maximum efficiency. The extent of diffusion control observed rules out H2CO3 as a
      significant reactant with the enzyme. Several models that yield minimum steric
      requirements for access of substrate to the active site are examined. Minimum
      steric constraints are less for the smaller CO2. The slower esterase reaction is
      not influenced by diffusion.

PMID- 6435529
TI  - Studies concerning a GTP regulatory subunit of rat luteal adenylate cyclase.
AB  - The ADP-ribosylation of rat luteal membrane proteins has been investigated. In
      the presence of cholera toxin two membrane proteins, Mr 115,000 and 46,000,
      incorporated [32P]ADP-ribose from [32P]NAD+. The larger protein also incorporated
      [32P]ADP-ribose in the absence of cholera toxin. The smaller protein was
      identified as the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase. To
      facilitate studies concerning this species, a simple and convenient method of
      measuring ADP-ribose incorporation into the protein was developed. Levels of the
      protein were found to be approximately equal to those of the hCG receptor and 7-
      to 10-fold higher than those of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Luteinization of
      rat ovaries by injection of hCG indicated that G/F concentrations increased
      approximately 2-fold over a 5- to 11-day period, and correlated significantly
      with increased beta-adrenergic receptors, and beta-adrenergic and NaF-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase, but not with hCG receptors or hCG-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase. The distribution of the G/F protein in purified luteal membrane
      preparations mimicked the distribution of adenylate cyclase activity. No evidence
      could be found for hormonally induced alterations in ADP-ribose incorporation
      into this protein under either ribosylation or adenylate cyclase conditions. The
      exact role of the protein in the activation of rat luteal adenylate cyclase has
      yet to be determined.

PMID- 6435531
TI  - Salinity adaptation in fish: effect of thyroxine on mitochondrial status.
AB  - Upon transfer of the fresh-water fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus, to 50% sea
      water, extensive changes take place in the functions of the gill mitochondria.
      The changes are (i) loss of ADP/O and RCI; (ii) loss of the ability to contract
      upon addition of ATP-Mg2+; (iii) lowered energy-dependent 45Ca uptake; (iv)
      increased amino acid incorporation capacity; (v) increased adenine nucleotide
      content; and (vi) a higher endogenous Ca2+ content. Administration of thyroxine
      to the fish reversed these changes, and the effect of thyroxine was also not
      transient. It is suggested that thyroxine promotes mitochondriogenesis, thereby
      effecting a restoration of the stress-affected mitochondrial functions.

PMID- 6435532
TI  - Binding and reactivity at the "glucose" site of galactosyl-beta-galactosidase
      (Escherichia coli).
AB  - A large number of sugars and alcohols were tested to see how well they bound and
      how readily they reacted at the "glucose" site of the galactosyl form of beta
      galactosidase. Two classes of compounds were found to bind well to the galactosyl
      form of the enzyme. One class contained sugars and alcohols similar in structure
      to D-glucose in its pyranose ring form, and the other class was composed of
      relatively hydrophobic sugars and alcohols. On the other hand, several factors
      seemed to control k4. Large k4 values were found for straight-chain alcohols as
      compared to the values for the corresponding ring sugars. Also, if the acceptors
      had hydroxyl groups at the end of the molecule, the reactivity (k4) was greater
      than if hydroxyl groups were only in the middle of the molecule. In addition, if
      there was a hydroxyl at an asymmetric carbon next to a terminal hydroxymethyl
      group, it was necessary that it be in the same orientation as the D configuration
      of glucose; otherwise, the k4 was low. Overall, the results showed that it is the
      binding effect, more than the reactivity, which is responsible for the
      specificity at the "glucose" site. More specifically, these studies showed that
      the reason glucose is such an ideal molecule for transgalactosylation is that it
      leaves the galactosyl form of the enzyme very slowly, that is, k-a is relatively
      small. Thus, glucose remains attached to the galactosyl form of beta
      galactosidase for a sufficient time to allow transgalactosylation to occur, while
      other acceptors, despite being as reactive (or more reactive) in terms of their
      k4 values, dissociate from the "glucose" site of the galactosyl form of the
      enzyme very readily and thus are poor acceptors.

PMID- 6435533
TI  - The association of cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in
      phospholipid membranes.
AB  - NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and two purified isozymes of cytochrome P-450
      have been incorporated into phospholipid vesicles by a cholate dialysis
      technique. The enzyme system reconstituted in this manner was catalytically
      active. The observed kinetics for substrate oxidation indicated that both enzymes
      were associated with the liposomal membranes, and were not simply entrapped in
      the interior of the vesicle. The N-demethylation of benzphetamine was measured in
      order to determine the effect of variations in the mole ratio between the two
      enzymes and between the lipid and the total enzyme on the observed steady-state
      kinetics. In addition, the kinetic isotope effects for the O-deethylation of 7
      ethoxycoumarin were measured in order to compare these parameters to those
      previously observed in a reconstituted system [G. T. Miwa, and A. Y. H. Lu (1981)
      Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 211, 454-458]. The results were all consistent with the
      association of the two proteins by lateral diffusion in the vesicle membrane.
      Moreover, the observed reduction in catalytic activity, as the enzymes were
      diluted in the vesicle membrane, can only be explained by the formation of a
      transient P-450-reductase complex, and not by the existence of a stable complex
      between the two proteins. These results provide compelling evidence for a mass
      action model for the interaction of these two enzymes in liposomal membranes.

PMID- 6435534
TI  - 5-Azidoindole binding to the Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase alpha 2 beta 2
      complex.
AB  - The tryptophan synthase alpha 2 beta 2 complex catalyzes tryptophan (Trp)
      biosynthesis from serine plus either indole (IN) or indole-3-glycerol phosphate
      (InGP). The photoreactive 5-azido analog in IN (AzIN), itself a substrate in the
      dark, was utilized to examine the substrate binding sites on this enzyme. When
      irradiated with AzIN at concentrations approaching IN saturation for the IN---
      Trp activity (0.1 mM), in the absence of serine, the enzyme was increasingly
      inactivated (up to 70-80%) concomitant with the progressive binding of a net of 2
      mol AzIN per alpha beta equivalent. Little or no cooperativity in the binding of
      the 2 mol AzIN was observed. In contrast, there was minimal effect on the IN---
      InGP activity. Under these conditions AzIN appeared to be incorporated equally
      into each subunit. No significant inactivation nor binding occurred in the
      presence of serine. A quantitatively similar inactivation of InGP----Trp activity
      was observed over the same AzIN concentration range, suggesting common IN sites
      for Trp biosynthesis from either indole substrate. At higher concentrations (0.1
      0.7 mM), no further inactivation occurred, although there was extensive
      additional binding (up to 10 mol/alpha beta equivalent). These data are
      consistent, although more clear-cut quantitatively, with the high- and low
      affinity sites proposed from equilibrium dialysis studies. AzIN binding studies
      utilizing the isolated beta 2 subunit confirmed earlier reports suggesting the
      existence of many nonspecific IN binding sites on this subunit.

PMID- 6435535
TI  - Oxytocin: anti-insulin-like effects in isolated fat cells.
AB  - Oxytocin has both insulin-like and insulin antagonistic actions in fat cells in
      vitro. The anti-insulin-like effects of oxytocin in dispersed rat fat cells have
      been studied. The magnitude of the anti-insulin-like activity varies with the
      metabolic pathway of glucose utilization; oxidation [14CO2 production], 32%;
      glycogen synthesis (D-[U-14C] glucose incorporation into glycogen), 77%. In
      addition, direct inhibition of the activation of fat cell glycogen synthase has
      been shown. These inhibitory effects depend upon an intact disulfide ring, since
      the ability of N-ethylmaleimide-reacted oxytocin to inhibit insulin-stimulated
      processes was reduced by more than 90% when compared to the intact molecule.

PMID- 6435536
TI  - Catalytically active hybrids formed in vitro between large and small subunits of
      different procaryotic ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases.
AB  - Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from the procaryotic green alga, Prochloron
      (the symbiont of Lissoclinum patellum), has eight large and eight small subunits,
      and a low affinity for CO2, similar to that of cyanobacterial carboxylases. The
      small subunits were progressively removed from this carboxylase and from that
      from the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus ACMM 323, by twice-repeated, mild-acid
      precipitation. This procedure produced large-subunit octamers, greatly depleted
      in small subunits, as well as isolated small subunits. Catalytic activity of the
      large-subunit preparations reflected their residual small-subunit content. The
      two large-subunit preparations were reconstituted with both homologous and
      heterologous small subunits. The reassembled enzymes were catalytically competent
      in all cases. When fully saturated with small subunits, the hybrid enzymes were
      only about 20% less active than the homologously reconstituted enzymes.
      Heterologous reconstitution underscores the essential function of the small
      subunits in catalysis.

PMID- 6435537
TI  - The pH dependence and group modification of beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus
      pumilus: evidence for sulfhydryl and histidyl groups.
AB  - The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters of beta-D-xylosidase (EC. 3.2.1.37)
      from Bacillus pumilus reveals that an acidic functional group with pK 8.0 is
      involved in the catalysis. The fast inactivation of the dimeric enzyme by near
      equivalent amounts of methylmethanethiolsulfonate indicates that one thiol group
      per monomer is essential for catalysis, consistent with previously reported
      results. From the reactivity of the thiol groups with respect to 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoic acid), the absence of subunit cooperativity was indicated. The
      present study also reports on the inactivation of the enzyme by
      diethylpyrocarbonate, and provides evidence of the importance of a histidine
      residue. A mechanism of catalysis is presented, in which the thiol group
      interacts with the substrate via partial proton transfer. The mode of
      participation of the histidine group is difficult to specify, but may be
      associated with the maintenance of the active conformation of the enzyme.

PMID- 6435538
TI  - [Utilization of melanin precursors for experimental chemotherapy of malignant
      melanoma].
AB  - Melanin synthesis is a metabolic pathway unique and specific to melanocytes. It
      occurs by conversion of tyrosine to dopa and dopaquinone in the presence of
      tyrosinase. It is highly accelerated in malignant melanoma with a marked increase
      of tyrosinase activity. This study summarizes the recent progress in experimental
      chemotherapeutic approaches to malignant melanoma by utilizing melanin
      precursors, and presents our current results. Our studies indicated (a) that
      hydroquinone and 4-isopropylcatechol are selectively toxic to melanocytes and
      melanoma cells, (b) that their actions are mediated through tyrosinase, and (c)
      that dopa is selectively and highly incorporated into melanoma cells and
      melanocytes depending on the tyrosinase activity. In addition, our new compounds,
      i.e., 4-S-cysteinylphenol and 4-S-cysteaminylphenol were highly toxic to melanoma
      cells, increasing the life span of B16 melanoma bearing mice and decreasing
      melanoma growth in C57 BL mice. Other synthetic compounds, e.g.,
      cysteinylcatechols and their devivatives, were, however, not toxic to melanoma
      cells. 4-S-cysteinylphenol and 4-S-cysteaminylphenol appeared to exert their
      cytotoxicity through the action of tyrosinase present in melanoma cells, thus
      providing a kind of "guided missile" approach to melanoma chemotherapy.

PMID- 6435539
TI  - [Maximum tolerated dose of tegafur in rats].
AB  - Maximum Tolerated Dose of Tegafur was estimated by per-oral administration in
      male Donryu rats. Tegafur was administered for 24 weeks at respective doses of 90
      mg, 120 mg and 150 mg/kg/day. Six of 10 (60%) died during the treatment in those
      groups administered with 120 mg and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively. The cause of
      death of these rats was severe pneumonia. All 10 of the group given 60 mg/kg/day
      survived until end of the administration and were sacrificed for histological
      examination of organs. These rats showed apparent suppression of body weight gain
      compared with controls (p less than 0.001). Slight inflammation of the lungs was
      observed in all rats, congestion of the liver and local degeneration and necrosis
      of the liver cells in a few rats and cellular degeneration of bone marrow in one
      rat. There was no remarkable change in the digestive tract, kidney, thymus or
      reproductive organs. Accordingly, the Maximum Tolerated Dose of Tegafur was
      determined to be 90 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 6435540
TI  - [Enhancing effects on interferon-gamma production by combination of OK-432 and
      interferon-alpha in patients with head and neck cancer].
AB  - Interferon (IFN)-gamma, though having the same titer as that of IFN-alpha or 
      beta, is several time more effective against cancer. However, it is impossible to
      obtain IFN-gamma as a drug at present. OK-432 is known to be an inducer of IFN
      gamma, but the titer of IFN-gamma is very low in the blood after injection of OK
      432. Therefore, for the purpose of high titer IFN-gamma production, a combination
      of OK-432 and IFN-alpha was investigated. In 30 patients with head and neck
      cancer, OK-432 was administered singly or combined with IFN-alpha at intervals of
      2 weeks, and the amount of IFN in the blood induced by OK-432 was compared. In
      the group of cases combined with a high titer of IFN-alpha (5 x 10(6) units or 3
      x 10(6) units), enhancement of IFN production induced by OK-432 was noted in 9
      out of 20 cases. In the group treated with a low titer of IFN-alpha (7 x 10(3)
      units), no enhancement effect was seen. IFN induced by OK-432 contained both
      gamma and alpha types, as did the IFN enhanced by the combination with IFN-alpha.

PMID- 6435541
TI  - Hot tub-associated dermatitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A healthy, 27-year-old man had development of a maculopapular, pustular rash due
      to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, serotype 0:4, after bathing in a hot tub. Two persons
      sharing the same tub manifested a similar rash. In the first patient, the
      eruption was distributed mainly over the back, buttocks, and upper arms,
      appearing abruptly within 24 to 72 hours after use of the hot tub. Pruritus,
      malaise, and low-grade fever were the main associated features. The rash subsided
      spontaneously within ten days. This article reviews the literature on this form
      of cutaneous infection due to P aeruginosa.

PMID- 6435542
TI  - beta-Galactosidase and neuraminidase deficiency associated with angiokeratoma
      corporis diffusum.
AB  - A 17-year-old Japanese boy was found to have ataxia, generalized angiokeratomas,
      skeletal deformities, visual impairment, and macular cherry-red spots, without
      hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or renal failure. Laboratory examination disclosed a
      deficiency of beta-galactosidase as well as of neuraminidase activity in the
      leukocytes and fibroblasts, while alpha-galactosidase and alpha-L-fucosidase
      activities were normal. On electron microscopic examination, numerous cytoplasmic
      vacuoles containing flocculated material were found in the vascular endothelial
      cells, histiocytes, perineurial cells, and Schwann's cells.

PMID- 6435543
TI  - Sodium valproate and routine liver function tests.

PMID- 6435544
TI  - Cord blood gases, birth asphyxia, and intraventricular haemorrhage.
AB  - The relation between intraventricular haemorrhage, Apgar scores, and cord blood
      gases was determined prospectively in 150 infants of 34 weeks' gestation, or
      less. Although there was no significant relation between birth asphyxia and
      subsequent haemorrhage, a consistent trend for lower Apgar scores in infants who
      developed haemorrhage was shown.

PMID- 6435545
TI  - Tyrosine uptake in normal and albino hairbulbs.
AB  - A method for measuring tyrosine uptake by human hairbulbs was developed to
      further characterize the process of melanin formation in human tissue. Uptake was
      determined by incubating fresh anagen hairbulbs in 14C-tyrosine in HEPES-Tris
      buffer containing cycloheximide and catalase. Uptake for 11 normally pigmented
      subjects with brown, black, blond and red hair ranged from 295 cpm/24 h per
      hairbulb for hairbulbs from a blond subject to 6661 cpm/24 h per hairbulb for
      hairbulbs from a red-haired subject. Hairbulbs from a type IIA (tyrosinase
      positive) oculocutaneous albino had an uptake of 2995 cpm/24 h per hairbulb.
      White hairbulbs had an uptake of 265 cpm/24 h per hairbulb. There was a good
      correlation (r = 0.86) between the level of uptake and the level of tyrosinase
      (tyrosine hydroxylase) activity when these values were compared for ten subjects.
      Uptake was reduced with the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Uptake was also
      reduced with low incubation temperatures (4 degrees and 21 degrees C) and with
      the addition of unlabeled tyrosine to the incubation. From 14% to 19% of the 14C
      tyrosine that was taken up could be extracted as 14C-melanin. These results show
      that the uptake of tyrosine as determined by this experimental method is
      dependent on the presence of melanocytes and tyrosinase, is quantitatively
      related to the level of tyrosinase activity, and appears to be a metabolic
      process. Type IIA albino hairbulb melanocytes appear able to transport adequate
      amounts of substrate.

PMID- 6435546
TI  - Basement membrane components in cutaneous neurofibroma of von Recklinghausen's
      disease.

PMID- 6435547
TI  - Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners, p,p'-DDE, and hexachlorobenzene in maternal
      and fetal cord blood from mothers in Upstate New York.

PMID- 6435548
TI  - Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorobiphenyl, and mercury residues in bald eagle
      eggs--1969-79--and their relationships to shell thinning and reproduction.

PMID- 6435549
TI  - [Strategies for treatment of gonorrhea at the primary gynecology office in
      Pikine, Senegal].

PMID- 6435551
TI  - Lumpectomy and level I axillary dissection prior to irradiation for "operable"
      breast cancer.
AB  - Between July 1, 1979 and March 1, 1984, we treated 154 women by irradiation as an
      alternative to mastectomy. Excision of the primary tumor without the sacrifice of
      a large volume of contiguous normal breast (lumpectomy) was performed, and all
      but ten women also underwent concomitant level I axillary node dissection. The
      mean node count in the level I dissection was 27 nodes, indicating that this
      dissection offered accurate information about axillary node status, so that the
      extent of radiation therapy and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy could be planned
      appropriately. Subdivision of the level I nodes into anatomic groups and their
      separate histologic analysis suggested that less than a complete level I
      dissection might miss involved nodes in almost one-half the patients with
      clinically negative axillae but histologically positive nodes. Postoperative
      complications occurred in 13% of patients, not an insignificant number, most of
      them being either infections or the persistent accumulation of lymph in the
      axillary wound. Later complications, such as infection or arm edema, also
      occurred, just as after mastectomy. The median follow-up of these 154 patients
      has been only 12 months, the maximum being not quite 5 years, so that any long
      term speculations are not justified. We believe that the continued use of this
      combination therapy is warranted preceding irradiation by lumpectomy and level I
      axillary dissection as described, with careful follow-up to assess the long-term
      results of this option.

PMID- 6435550
TI  - Clinical characteristics and current management of medically refractory unstable
      angina.
AB  - Of 531 patients admitted to the Duke Coronary Care Unit with unstable angina (UA)
      from June 1981 to September 1982, 100 had persistent angina despite optimal
      medical therapy of nitrates, propranolol, and nifedipine. At catheterization, 70%
      of the refractory patients had left main (LM) or three-vessel disease (TVD), 68%
      had left ventricular end-diastolic pressures of greater than 12 mmHg, and 24% had
      ejection fractions (EF) of less than 0.40. Twenty-four patients were greater than
      65 years of age, and 53 had associated major diseases. Forty-eight patients
      (Group I) had no evidence of myocardial infarction in the 30 days before
      catheterization, whereas 52 patients had an infarction precipitating the unstable
      angina within the preceding 30 days (Group II). Emergent coronary artery bypass
      grafting was performed in all 100 patients irrespective of ventricular function,
      hemodynamic status, or coronary anatomy. Management protocols included prompt
      surgical intervention, preoperative stabilization with the balloon pump in LM or
      TVD, meticulous myocardial protection, and complete coronary revascularization.
      An average of 3.6 grafts were placed in each patient. There were two hospital
      deaths in Group I, and two in Group II. Two-year survival was 90% in Group I and
      88% in Group II, and 81% of surviving patients were NYHA Class I or II. Thus,
      refractory UA denotes particularly severe coronary disease with a high incidence
      of LM, TVD, and depressed EF. Baseline clinical characteristics, criteria for
      operation, and expected results in the postinfarction group seem to be similar to
      the unstable angina group in general. Cardiac anatomic and functional variables
      no longer constitute operative contraindications. Aggressive operative management
      is safe, and the current risk may be less dependent on coronary anatomy and
      ventricular function than previously appreciated.

PMID- 6435553
TI  - Superinfection of established Theileria-infected bovid cell lines with Theileria
      parva sporozoites.

PMID- 6435552
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in pancreatic disease.
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was given to 121 patients admitted with severe
      pancreatitis (73), chronic pancreatitis (23), or pancreatic malignancy (25) over
      104 months. No adverse effects on the pancreas were detected from the TPN,
      including the provision of intravenous (IV) fat. Nutritional status was
      maintained or improved in all groups, including patients undergoing surgical
      procedures and those experiencing marked stress. No significant impact on the
      clinical course of pancreatitis was observed, although the death rate in acute
      pancreatitis (15.2%) and complicated pancreatitis (18.5%) compares favorably with
      other published series where early surgical intervention was undertaken. There
      was an increased risk of catheter-related sepsis in patients with complicated
      pancreatitis (14.8%) and with chronic pancreatitis (17.4%). No increase septic
      risk was seen in patients with acute pancreatitis or pancreatic malignancy.
      Eighty-two per cent of patients with acute pancreatitis required an average of 87
      units of insulin per day while 78% of patients with chronic pancreatitis required
      an average of 54 units per day. In summary, TPN proved to be safe, effective, and
      well-tolerated in those patients with disorders of the pancreas.

PMID- 6435554
TI  - Comparative transfer of valproic acid and of an active metabolite into brain and
      liver: possible pharmacological and toxicological consequences.
AB  - The transfer of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (2-propyl-pentenoic acid)
      and one of its active metabolites, 2-en (2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid) from plasma
      to brain and liver were studied in mice at low dose levels (0.1, 0.3, 0.7, and
      1.0 mmole/kg). The liver concentrations of 2-en were found to be lower than those
      of VPA: the liver/plasma ratios of 2-en for the four doses were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and
      0.8, respectively; for VPA the corresponding liver/plasma ratios were 3, 2, 1.2
      and 1.0, respectively. Following doses of 0.1-0.7 mmole/kg, plasma protein
      binding of 2-en (free fractions 2-7%) was much more extensive than of VPA (free
      fractions 40-45%). Also in the rat the liver/plasma concentration ratios of 2-en
      (0.3) were much below those of VPA (0.6). In mice, brain concentrations of 2-en
      were approximately 1/2 of corresponding plasma levels. Our results indicate that
      the transfer of 2-en into liver is limited by extensive protein binding of this
      compound in plasma.

PMID- 6435555
TI  - Pharmacological differentiation between large and small coronary vessels.
AB  - It has been reported that there are striking differences between large and small
      coronary arteries in their responsiveness to adenosine, nitroglycerin and
      catecholamines. The differential pharmacological responsiveness indicates
      differences in their excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms. Therefore,
      agents such as lyotropic anions (SCN-, NO3-, CH3SO4-) known to modulate these
      processes, and which by themselves do not have an inotropic effect, would be
      expected to differentially modulate the action of these substances on large and
      small coronary vessels. To test this hypothesis we studied the modulation by
      lyotropic anions of the effects of adenosine, nitroglycerin and verapamil on
      large and small intramural (0.5-0.6 mm diameter) dog coronary arteries. We have
      confirmed that small vessels are more sensitive to adenosine and verapamil and
      less sensitive to nitroglycerin than are large vessels. Replacement of Cl- by the
      lyotropic anions diminished the relaxing effects of adenosine in small vessels
      with the following order of potency, SCN- greater than NO3- greater than CH3SO4-
      greater than Cl-. NO3-. Replacement of Cl- resulted in almost total blockade of
      the adenosine response in small coronary arteries, whereas in large coronary
      vessels, the effects of nitroglycerin were reduced only 30%. The effects of
      verapamil in small vessels were slightly depressed whereas in large vessels its
      effects were unchanged. Our results further confirm that there are marked
      differences between the pharmacological responsiveness of large and small
      coronary vessels, indicating that these differences reside in the nature of their
      mechanisms controlling Ca++ translocation.

PMID- 6435556
TI  - Management of oral anticoagulant therapy. Experience with an anticoagulation
      clinic.
AB  - The experience acquired in an anticoagulation clinic during 4 1/2 years is
      reviewed to demonstrate the effectiveness of such a clinic and to provide the
      practicing physician with guidelines for managing outpatient oral anticoagulation
      therapy. The experience is based on anticoagulant therapy in 141 patients during
      1,264 patient-months. The patient population is characterized and aspects of
      management are explored, such as the incidence of major and minor complications
      (5% and 18% per treatment course, respectively), failure rate, and adequacy of
      therapy control. Guidelines concerning patient education, prothrombin time
      control, and other management suggestions are also given. This study, which
      compares favorably with others, is intended to aid the practicing physician and
      improve management of outpatient anticoagulation therapy.

PMID- 6435557
TI  - Lead poisoning in a West Bank Arab Village.
AB  - Eleven patients from the West Bank village of Es-Sawiyeh were admitted with lead
      poisoning to two Jerusalem hospitals between November 1982 and January 1983. They
      all belonged to several households of a single large family. Colicky abdominal
      pains were present in five patients, weakness in four, behavioral changes ranging
      from irritability to frank psychosis in four, and paralysis in one. Anemia of
      various degrees was seen in all patients. Basophilic stippling and
      reticulocytosis were encountered in all patients with moderate to severe anemia.
      Therapy with edetate disodium calcium and penicillamine resulted in clinical
      improvement in all patients. A preliminary survey of 270 subjects in the same
      village disclosed 84 subjects with abnormally elevated blood lead levels, 17 of
      whom had grade IV lead burden according to the Centers for Disease Control risk
      classification. Contamination of homemade flour by lead used for stabilizing the
      metal parts of stone mills was the source of poisoning. As the method of milling
      in many West Bank villages is similar, these findings may have important
      implications to the well being of a large section of the rural West Bank
      population.

PMID- 6435558
TI  - Insulin pump therapy improves blood glucose control during hyperalimentation.
AB  - The present study investigated the feasibility of basal continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion (CSII) in four patients with postoperative sepsis or extensive
      burns during continuous enteral hyperalimentation with 2,500 to 3,000
      calories/day, containing approximately 390 g of simple carbohydrates. The mean
      duration of CSII treatment was 16.8 days (range, seven to 32 days). The mean
      capillary blood glucose level fell from 322 +/- 52 mg/dL during pre-CSII therapy
      to 195 +/- 33 mg/dL during CSII therapy. Only 1.3% of 1,254 capillary blood
      glucose values were less than 60 mg/dL. Most values (61.6%) were between 61 and
      200 mg/dL. The mean insulin infusion rate was 2.5 +/- 1.5 units/hr. These
      preliminary observations suggest that basal infusion CSII is a safe and effective
      means of improving blood glucose control in patients receiving enteral
      hyperalimentation despite the high glucose intake and presence of insulin
      resistance. Thus, CSII therapy can enhance the metabolic response to
      hyperalimentation without requiring an intravenous access route.

PMID- 6435559
TI  - Acute renal failure associated with mannitol intoxication. Report of a case.
AB  - Mannitol intoxication has been reported as a potentially life-threatening
      complication when the agent is used unrestrictedly in patients with established
      renal failure. We report a case of mannitol intoxication in which acute oliguric
      renal failure occurred without a known predisposing factor other than the
      intravenous infusion of massive quantities of mannitol.

PMID- 6435560
TI  - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with paraproteinemia. Analysis of the clinical
      and biological characteristics and their prognostic significance.
AB  - We report a case of a double M component appearing in the course of
      angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD). Lymphocyte
      function, especially the decrease in T-suppressor cells, could play an essential
      role in the mechanisms of the disease. In the presence of an M component, the
      prognosis for AILD seems to be more pessimistic. Arguments for considering AILD
      as a premalignant disease are reviewed.

PMID- 6435561
TI  - Food contamination.

PMID- 6435562
TI  - A cyclopian human embryo of 12 mm with single crystalline lens.

PMID- 6435563
TI  - [Permanent internal cardiac pacing. Legitimate indications. Unnecessary
      implantations].

PMID- 6435564
TI  - [Calcified aortic stenosis and coronary disease. Apropos of 115 surgically
      treated cases].
AB  - The authors studied 115 surgical cases of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) with
      coronary angiography. Between 1970 and 1981, 56 of these patients also had one or
      more aortocoronary bypass grafts (ACBG) (Group I). The other 59 cases, recruited
      from 1978 to 1981, comprise the control group who underwent isolated aortic valve
      replacement either with a normal coronary angiogram (Group II: 50 cases) or with
      such extensive coronary artery disease that ACBG was impossible (Group III: 9
      cases). 93% of patients in Group I had preoperative angina compared to 80% in
      Group II and 78% in Group III. The incidence of previous myocardial infarction
      was 19%, 4% and 44% respectively. The number of main coronary arterial lesions
      per patient was 2 in Group I and 1.8 in Group III. In Group I, aortic valve
      replacement (AVR) was associated with a single aorto-coronary bypass in 70% of
      cases, a double bypass in 27% and a triple bypass in 3% of cases. The
      revascularisation ratio was 1.3 bypass per patient. The number of "complete"
      revascularisations rose from 56% (1970-1976) to 73% from 1977 to 1981. Overall
      hospital mortality per group (less than 1 month) was 16%, 4% and 0% respectively.
      The mortality rate in Group I fell from 31% (1970-1976) to 10% from 1977 to 1981.
      The perioperative rate of myocardial infarction in each group was 9%, 0% and 11%
      respectively. This figure fell considerably in Group I from 12.5% (1970-1976) to
      7.5% from 1977 to 1981.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435565
TI  - [Acute hemodynamic and coronary effects of captopril in chronic cardiac failure].
AB  - The acute effects of captopril on haemodynamics, coronary flow and myocardial
      metabolism were studied in 12 patients with chronic severe cardiac failure
      (primary cardiomyopathy: 10 cases; ischaemic: 2 cases) in functional Classes III
      or IV of the NYHA. All patients were male and their average age was 51.3 +/- 14.1
      years (range 27 to 68 years). Measurements were carried out under basal
      conditions and 90 minutes after a single dose of 50 mg (5 cases) or 100 mg (7
      cases) of captopril. Captopril administration leads to an increase in cardiac
      index from 2.05 +/- 0.32 to 2.34 +/- 0.35 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.05) and a
      greater increase in systolic index from 23.9 +/- 6.7 to 29.8 +/- 6.9 ml/syst/m2
      (p less than 0.01), because the heart rate decreased slightly (p less than 0.05).
      These changes were the result of a decrease in afterload: mean aortic pressure
      fell from 85 +/- 11.8 to 68 +/- 19.6 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and systemic
      arterial resistance fell from 2 886 +/- 745 to 2 010 +/- 610 dynes/cm-5/sec/m-2
      (p less than 0.01). Captopril also led to a fall in venous tone, i.e. pre-load:
      left ventricular end diastolic pressure fell from 26.9 +/- 6.1 to 20.8 +/- 6.6
      mmHg: p less than 0.01. There was no change in contractility as shown by the
      absence of variation of the V.max (0.92 +/- 0.18 under basal conditions, and 0.90
      +/- 0.15 after 90 minutes).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435566
TI  - [Significance of intraventricular conduction disorders observed in arrhythmogenic
      right ventricular dysplasia].
AB  - Correlations between surface ECGs, epicardial mapping and histological data in 15
      cases of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) provide information
      about the possible mechanism of intraventricular conduction defects in about one
      third of cases. Two cases in this series had complete right bundle branch block
      and 4 cases showed diffuse intraventricular conduction defects. The other cases
      had normal ECGs. The point of origin of the activation in 11 cases was situated
      in the left ventricle, even in 6 of the 9 cases with normal ECGs. The points of
      latest activation were located over the right ventricular free wall near the
      atrio-ventricular groove. However, in all cases but one, a normal right
      ventricular point of origin was observed, suggesting participation of the right
      bundle within a free wall showing delayed activation. This activation showed very
      irregular delayed propagation due to the zones of dysplasia. These results
      suggest that in ARVD, the mechanism of the conduction defects is not disease of
      the bundle branch itself but a distal block probably situated in the right
      ventricular wall. This hypothesis is supported by the histological appearances of
      the dysplastic zones.

PMID- 6435567
TI  - [Time of occurrence of primary ventricular tachycardia in the acute phase of
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - The hour of day of primary ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the acute phase of
      myocardial infarction was studied in 63 consecutive patients without cardiac
      failure or antiarrhythmic therapy, admitted to hospital less than 6 hours after
      the onset of chest pain. There were 19 women and 44 men, with an average age of
      63 years. The site of infarction was anterior in 23 cases, posterior in 34 cases
      and circumferential in 6 cases. The cardiac rhythm was analysed from the 6th hour
      following the onset of chest pain for 4 days, using a HP 98220 A computerised
      analyser CPK levels were measured daily. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 73%
      of cases with no significant difference between daytime (18 patients) and night
      time (28 patients). The patients developing VT did not differ from the remainder
      with respect to age, sex, or site of ECG changes, but peak CPK levels were
      significantly higher than in patients without VT. The risk of VT decreased slowly
      as the interval from the onset of chest pain increased and fell practically to
      zero after the 40th hour. Diurnal and nocturnal VT were independent of age, sex
      or site of infarct. However, nocturnal VT correlated independently of the time of
      onset of chest pain to high values of CPK. There was no difference with respect
      to age, sex, location of infarct or incidence of ventricular tachycardia between
      infarcts with pain starting during the day, and infarcts with pain starting at
      night. However, when the pain started during the day, the peak CPK was
      significantly higher and there were significantly more attacks of nocturnal
      ventricular tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435568
TI  - [Surgical treatment of valve prosthesis endocarditis].
AB  - Between 1972 and 1982, 27 patients underwent 29 prosthetic valve replacements for
      infective endocarditis. Fourteen cases (48%) were operated in the acute
      infectious phase. Most patients (71%) had signs of cardiac failure and surgery
      was often performed as an emergency (78%). Twelve aortic valve prostheses (10
      mechanical + 2 bioprostheses) and 2 mitral bioprostheses were infected. Four
      patients (29%) died in the postoperative period; all were in functional Class IV
      and were reoperated as an emergency. The infection only persisted in 1 patient
      (7%). Three patients died during follow-up (3 year survival: 46%). Three
      replacement prostheses developed perivalvular leaks (21%) and 2 were reoperated.
      Fifteen cases (52%) were operated after the acute infection for secondary
      lesions. These lesions affected an aortic valve prosthesis in 14 cases (9
      mechanical and 5 bioprostheses) and 1 mechanical mitral valve prosthesis.
      Operative mortality was nil. Three patients died during follow-up (3 year
      survival: 67%). Five replacement prostheses developed perivalvular leaks (33%)
      and 3 had to be reoperated. These results show: that the high operative mortality
      (29%) in the group operated during the acute infectious phase is related to the
      preoperative haemodynamic condition and not to persistence of the infection (only
      1 case); secondly, recurrent perivalvular leaks were common in both groups due to
      the fragility of the tissues and were the main cause of late mortality.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435569
TI  - [Method of isotopic determination of aortic valve regurgitation].
AB  - The index of valvular regurgitation was measured by two techniques after
      technetium 99 m gamma-cineangiography: the classical technique of comparing left
      and right ventricular stroke volumes, and the same technique after subtracting
      the radioactivity arising from the right atrium from the zone of right
      atrioventricular superposition. The index of valvular regurgitation was
      calculated in 41 patients with chronic coronary artery disease without valvular
      regurgitation and also undergoing coronary angiography with 30 degrees right
      anterior oblique ventriculography, in 8 healthy volunteer subjects, at rest and
      on exercise; and in 15 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation also undergoing
      cardiac catheterization and 30 degrees right anterior oblique left
      ventriculography and aortography. The regurgitant index by the classical
      technique was 1,25 +/- 0,18; when the index was calculated again after
      subtracting right atrial radioactivity, a value of 1,05 +/- 0,12 (p less than
      0,01) was obtained. The regurgitant index is not affected by left ventricular
      contractility or by the degree of left ventricular dilatation. On the other hand,
      this index is affected by the degree of right ventricular dilatation. The
      valvular regurgitant index did not vary significantly on exercise (1,01 +/- 0,11
      to 1,17 +/- 0,16 NS). The isotopic regurgitant fraction deduced from the valvular
      regurgitant index correlated well with the angiographic regurgitant fraction (R =
      0,74; p less than 0,001). The index of valvular regurgitation gives an exact,
      reliable and reproducible quantification of left sided regurgitant lesions. It is
      only valid when there is no intracardiac shunt or regurgitant right heart lesion.

PMID- 6435570
TI  - [Phonomechanographic evaluation of left ventricular function in hyperthyroid
      states].
AB  - Hyperthyroidism is associated with a hyperkinetic syndrome, the mechanisms of
      which are not fully understood but which include an increase in heart rate, a
      reduction in systemic arterial resistance and a debatable increase in myocardial
      contractility. The limitations of radioimmunological assay of the hormonal
      mediators underline the diagnostic value of an atraumatic method of quantifying
      left ventricular systolic function. In view of the variable sensitivity of
      phonomechanographic and echocardiographic indices with respect to changes in
      heart rate, pre- and after load, we studied apex cardiographic indices during the
      phase of isovolumetric contraction. Fifty-eight patients with hyperthyroidism but
      without patent cardiovascular disease were divided into two subgroups: Grave's
      disease: 38 cases, and toxic adenoma: 22 cases. The results of the measurements
      of systolic time intervals and the calculation of "indices of contractility"
      obtained from the apex cardiogram and its first derivative, were compared with
      those of 36 young, normal subjects. The results show that: the pre-ejection
      period of the study population was much shorter than normal (65,7 ms +/- 2,5 vs
      84,6 ms +/- 3,4; p less than 0,001); this was clearly related to the chronotropic
      factor (p less than 0,05). The pre-ejection/ejection period ratio did not
      differentiate hyperthyroid from normal subjects (0,265 vs 0,283, p greater than
      0,20), except in Graves' disease (0,249, p less than 0,02). On the other hand,
      measurements made from the apex cardiogram showed significant differences in both
      types of hyperthyroidism. (Formula: see text). In conclusion, phonomechanography
      may be used to quantify the increase in left ventricular function in
      hyperthyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435571
TI  - [Fate of Starr-Edwards prostheses in the mitral position. Prognostic factors.
      Apropos of 309 cases].
AB  - The authors report the long-term results of 309 patients undergoing isolated
      mitral valve replacement with a 6120 Starr Edwards mitral valve prosthesis in the
      great majority of cases, mainly for rheumatic mitral valve disease, with
      predominant mitral regurgitation. The average age was 26 +/- 14 years with 25% of
      children. The operative mortality was 9% and late mortality after a mean follow
      up period of 4 years was 13,5% mainly due to thromboembolic complications and to
      myocardial dysfunction. The long-term results with an average 45 month follow-up
      showed a 10 year survival rate of 70,6% with an excellent clinical result in 71%
      of cases and an acceptable result in 10%; 20% of patients were considered poor
      long-term results because of myocardial dysfunction and thromboembolic
      complications. Endocarditis and perivalvular leaks were rarely observed (9
      cases). A study of preoperative parameters which could influence long-term
      results showed that the quality of long-term survival was significantly
      correlated to age, the duration of cardiac disease before surgery, cardiomegaly
      and the presence of preoperative cardiac failure and tricuspid regurgitation. The
      incidence of thromboembolism was 4,7% patient years and the frequency of these
      complications was not related to the quality of anti-vitamin-K therapy. Patients
      under effective anticoagulant therapy had the highest incidence of haemorrhage
      (10%). This study confirms that the Starr Edwards 6120 prosthesis is a
      satisfactory choice for mitral valve replacement considering its durability (no
      cases of abnormal wear) and the 70% ten year survival rate. The problem of
      myocardial dysfunction could be resolved by earlier surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435572
TI  - [Median-term results of the Ionescu-Shiley valve bioprosthesis (98 patients)].
AB  - Between April 1979 and September 1981, 98 patients have undergone valve
      replacement with an Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardium xenograft (54 men and 44
      women, average age 53 years, range 13 to 76 years). Fifty-three patients
      underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR); 28 had a mitral valve replacement (MVR)
      and 17 had double valve replacement (MAVR). Nine patients (9%) were operated as
      an emergency for endocarditis or for acute malfunction of a previously implanted
      prosthesis. The hospital mortality was 9% (AVR: 7%, MVR: 7%, MAVR: 17%). The
      eighty nine survivors were followed up for 6 to 37 months (average: 21 months).
      All patients were examined or contacted directly (as were the treating
      cardiologists) during the 2nd trimester of 1982. Eight patients were lost to
      follow-up. Six patients died during follow-up (6,7%) 3 to 22 months after
      surgery. The valvular prosthesis was the cause of death in 2 cases. Although only
      37 patients (41%) were maintained on long-term anticoagulant therapy, there were
      no cases of thrombosis of the valve and the incidence of embolic complications
      was 0,9% per patient year in AVR and 2,6% per patient year in MVR. Four patients
      (2,6% per patient year) developed endocarditis on their prosthesis and 3 were
      cured by medical treatment alone. One patient was reoperated 1 year after the
      initial operation. One case (0,7% per patient year or 0,5% per valve year) of
      premature calcification was observed (18th month) in a 16 year old boy who was
      reoperated as an emergency without any success.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435573
TI  - [A new surgical technic for the treatment of left ventricular aneurysm: the
      overcoat aneurysmoplasty. Preliminary results. 11 cases].
AB  - The classical surgical techniques used in post-myocardial infarction left
      ventricular aneurysms consist in resecting as much as possible of visible fibrous
      tissues and closure of the two borders by "U"--shaped sutures supported by a
      Teflon bond. There are two drawbacks to this approach: resection often involves
      the surface arterial network which often has a significant role to play in
      vascularising the remaining myocardium; fibrous, akinetic or dyskinetic zones of
      the anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum cannot be resected. The proposed
      technique consists in limiting the surface of resection and in lowering the left
      border of the aneurysm as far as the posterior 1/3 of the septum. The septum is
      then sutured over the aneurysm to the antero-lateral wall of the left ventricle.
      Ten patients were operated using this technique: there were no operative deaths;
      preoperative cardiac failure regressed in 4 out of 5 patients; one patient was
      operated for unstable ventricular tachycardia, the arrhythmias disappeared after
      surgery; one patient operated during the 3rd week for left ventricular pseudo
      aneurysm required intra-aortic balloon pumping and developed episodes of VT which
      finally resolved.

PMID- 6435574
TI  - [Associated septal and intrapericardial rupture of the heart in the acute phase
      of myocardial infarction. Apropos of a case surgically treated with success].
AB  - The authors report the case of a double rupture of the heart (septal and parietal
      intrapericardial) on the 5th day of primary transmural anterior myocardial
      infarction in a 73 year old women. The diagnosis of septal rupture was made after
      cardiac arrest and the findings of a systolic murmur, and by echocardiography.
      Intrapericardial free wall rupture was diagnosed at surgery. The incidence,
      predisposing factors, gravity, prognostic factors and different medico-surgical
      therapeutic approaches to septoparietal complications of acute myocardial
      infarction are reviewed.

PMID- 6435575
TI  - [Mapping of the cardiac electric activity. Applications to experimental surgery].
AB  - The results reported by French and other groups of workers have shown that
      peroperative epicardial mapping is a valuable technique for locating the
      accessory pathway in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and also in the surgical
      treatment of certain forms of chronic ventricular tachycardia. The aim of this
      study was to develop a completely automatic method of mapping potentials recorded
      at many points during the same systole. A system of acquisition and automatic
      treatment of 256 cardiac potentials called SATAPEC was constructed at the
      University of Caen. The system comprises specialized recorders, a multiplexing
      system on 256 leads with analogical-digital conversion and a PDP 11-23 mini
      computer. The results presented are based on the location of the His bundle and
      the right bundle branch in the dog from recordings of the H potential. The
      recording device with 240 (20 x 12) measuring points is a silk net on which 50
      micrometers diameter silver wires are attached. The wires are insulated except at
      their tips and are separated one from another by a distance of 2 mm. After
      infundibulotomy the recording device was placed over the interventricular or
      right interatrial septum. The 240 unipolar electrograms were recorded during a
      single systole. The programmes which have been developed automatically produce
      maps of the amplitude of the H potential. The computer detects the presence or
      absence of a H potential on each electrogram and then displays on a cathode ray
      tube points of variable size indicating the locations of the electrodes which
      have recorded a H potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435576
TI  - [Polymorphic familial incessant ventricular rhythm disorders with ventricular
      repolarization abnormalities: borderline form of the congenital long QT
      syndrome?].
AB  - Two cases of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) are reported in siblings:
      the elder sister (18 years) was admitted to hospital because of syncope and ECG
      showed incessant attacks of VT. There was no obvious cardiac disease on
      echocardiography or cardiac catheterisation. A second syncopal attack occurred
      during Holter monitoring: this showed prolonged torsades de pointe which
      terminated spontaneously after a few minutes. Both syncopal attacks occurred at
      moments of intense emotional stress. Concomitantly, the duration of ventricular
      repolarisation was also observed to be increased. The attacks of polymorphic VT
      disappeared when the atrial rhythm accelerated, for example during exercise of
      isoprenaline infusion. It was not possible to induce VT by ventricular
      extrastimulation. The arrhythmia was controlled by nadolol and propafenone or
      flecainide. A familial investigation revealed that a younger brother had attacks
      of incessant VT with a long QT interval. The mother had frequent polymorphic
      ventricular extrasystoles and abnormal ST-T wave changes. The association of
      familial ventricular arrhythmias and long QT interval is suggestive of the Romano
      Ward syndrome, but in this condition the intercritical ECG is normal except for
      the long QT. Conversely, in benign VT, the arrhythmia disappears during atrial
      pacing and exercise but there have been a few reports of sudden death. Our two
      cases could represent an intermediary form between these two pathological
      entities.

PMID- 6435577
TI  - [Diagnosis of left proximal coronary stenosis using 2-dimensional
      echocardiography].
AB  - The value of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in the diagnosis of proximal
      left main coronary artery disease was assessed in 63 patients in whom 2DE was
      performed and interpreted before coronary angiography. The diagnosis of coronary
      artery disease depended on two groups of criteria, one group based on the lumen
      of the artery and the other, on the arterial wall. Eighty three pre cent of the
      investigations were interpretable. The bifurcation of the left main coronary
      artery was visualised in 23% of cases. 2DE was positive in 8 of the 10 cases
      (80%) in which coronary angiography showed stenosis of the left main coronary or
      the very proximal part of the left anterior descending arteries. There were two
      false negative results (20%). When coronary angiography did not show left main
      coronary stenosis (42 cases), 2DE was also negative in 39 cases (92%); there were
      3 false positive results (7%), one due to calcification and other two to errors
      in appreciation of the criteria of stenosis. These results show that 2DE is
      useful before coronary angiography in identifying cases of possible left main
      stem or proximal left anterior descending disease providing the diagnostic
      criteria of coronary stenosis are strictly observed.

PMID- 6435578
TI  - [Retrospective study of the role of systematic coronarography in patients with
      heart valve diseases].
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the valve of routine coronary
      angiography in the investigation of patients with valvular heart disease. Between
      1978 and 1981, 598 patients over 40 years old underwent left heart
      catheterisation with routine coronary angiography. In the group with a medical
      history of angina or infarction (N = 149), there were 49 cases (33%) of severe
      coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 70%) and 17 cases of moderate
      coronary artery disease (11%); of the 49 patients with severe lesions, 2 died
      after catheterisation, 8 were considered to have too high an operative risk
      because of their coronary disease and 19 were operated. Valve replacement was
      associated with a procedure for myocardial revascularisation in 15 cases. In the
      group without angina (N = 449), severe coronary lesions were much less common
      (3.6%) and only 5.1% had moderate coronary disease. Severe coronary lesions were
      found more frequently in certain sub-groups: Stage IV dyspnoea (9%), patients
      over 65 years of age (11.5%), and coronary calcification (24%). Of the 39
      patients without angina and over 50% narrowing on coronary angiography, 17
      underwent isolated valve surgery, and 9 underwent combined valvular and coronary
      surgery (2% of catheterised patients without angina; 3.5% of patients operated
      without angina. These results show that routine coronary angiography is fully
      justified in patients with valvular heart disease and a history of angina as
      vital information is obtained in a high proportion of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435579
TI  - [Efficacy and value of fibrinolytic agents in chronic proximal venous thrombosis
      of the lower limbs].
AB  - Forty patients (mean age = 56 +/- 17 years) hospitalized for proximal venous
      thrombosis of the lower limbs of over 7 days duration were treated with
      fibrinolytic drugs: streptokinase (SK) 28 cases, urokinase (UK) 12 cases. The
      efficacy of fibrinolytic therapy was assessed by phlebography before and 4.5 +/-
      2 days after onset of treatment. A phlebographic score based on Marder's method
      was used to quantify the thrombosis. The repermeabilisation of venous branches
      was also noted. The results show an overall efficacy of fibrinolytic drugs: total
      lysis was observed in 6 patients and partial thrombolysis in 18 patients. The
      overall reduction of the phlebographic score was -2.8 +/- 3.9, and the rate of
      repermeabilisation of the femoral veins was over 50%. Streptokinase seemed to be
      the most effective drug. Better results were obtained when the thrombosis was
      treated early and was proximally situated, but good results were also observed in
      cases of total thrombosis with a floating thrombus. Effective fibrinolysis was
      observed in thromboses of up to 3 months duration. There was no correlation
      between biological efficacy and clinical symptoms. In conclusion, fibrinolytic
      drugs are partially effective in semi-recent or chronic venous thrombosis and
      their usefulness should not be overlooked, especially in cases of persistent
      thrombosis of the femoral veins.

PMID- 6435580
TI  - [Treatment of cardiac failure with refractory edema using extracorporeal
      ultrafiltration].
AB  - Thirteen patients with chronic congestive cardiac failure and refractory oedema
      were treated by haemodialysis. All patients had severe cardiac failure (Class IV
      NYHA) due to primary myocardial disease (5 cases), ischaemic heart disease (4
      cases) or valvular heart disease (4 cases). Haemodialysis was performed via a
      Shaldon Y-shaped catheter in the internal jugular vein, with input and output
      through the same catheter using an alternating clamp. Filtration was carried out
      through a highly permeable membrane by a simple hydrostatic pressure gradient
      without a dialysis bath. The sessions were monitored haemodynamically by
      measuring the pulmonary artery pressures. The mean weight loss was 4.9 +/- 0.4 kg
      obtained after 3 three hour dialysis sessions with 24 hour intervals between each
      session (mean filtration flow = 12 ml/min). Hypotension was observed in one
      patient with low initial pulmonary artery pressures; two patients with severe
      valvular stenosis (1 mitral stenosis; 1 aortic stenosis) failed to lose weight.
      In the 10 remaining cases, there was a clearcut symptomatic improvement (5
      patients Class III; 5 patients Class II NYHA) with total regression of oedema.
      There was a significant fall in pulmonary artery (mean PAP 40.5 +/- 6.5 mmHg to
      34.6 +/- 6.5 mmHg; p less than 0.001) and pulmonary capillary pressure (27.6 +/-
      6.9 mmHg to 22.5 +/- 5.8 mmHg; p less than 0.05) in these 10 cases. Cardiac
      output did not change significantly (cardiac index 2.2 +/- 0.5 l/m2/min compared
      to 2.3 +/- 0.4 l/m2/min after dialysis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435581
TI  - [Surgical treatment of postinfarction mitral insufficiency. By the Working Group
      on Valve Diseases of the French Society of Cardiology].
AB  - A multicentre study collected a total of 82 cases of operated post-infarct mitral
      regurgitation. The patients were mainly men (81%) and could be divided into two
      quite different categories: the first, acute mitral regurgitation operated before
      the 21st day, mean age 62 years, 72% postero-inferior infarcts with other
      complications in 1/3 cases. The mechanism of regurgitation was usually rupture of
      a papillary muscle. The surgical mortality was high (55%) and secondary mortality
      was 17%. The second group comprised chronic mitral regurgitation operated after
      the 21st day with a lower mean age (59 years), the majority (2/3) also having
      postero-inferior infarcts, the cause of regurgitation being papillary muscle
      dysfunction rather than rupture. Surgery was much better tolerated with 12%
      operative mortality and 24% secondary mortality in patients followed up in the
      long-term. The poor surgical prognosis of the acute forms may be explained by the
      severity of the lesions and the poor clinical condition of the patients which
      does not allow postponement of surgery until the chronic phase when the
      postoperative results approach those of rheumatic valve lesions. The end results
      in both groups justify this form of surgery associated where possible with
      coronary revascularisation.

PMID- 6435582
TI  - [Detection of intracardiac thrombi by scintigraphy with indium111-labeled
      platelets. Correlation with 2-dimensional echography and cardiac scanning].
AB  - The aim of this study was to use scintigraphy with Indium III marked platelets to
      detect intracardiac thrombi. Platelet marking was performed with the patient's
      own platelets and Indium III oxinate. The date was recorded and treated with a
      gamma-camera-computer system. The results obtained in 45 patients (36 male, 9
      female, aged 38 to 80 years, mean age 61 years) were compared with those of 2D
      echocardiography in all cases, and with CAT in 30 cases. Seventeen patients (13
      myocardial infarcts, 2 cardiomyopathies with dilatation, 2 mitral stenoses) were
      considered to have intracardiac thrombi on platelet scintigraphy with foci of
      hyperfixation increasing with time, clearly distinguishable from circulating
      cardiac activity. Sixteen of these cases had appearances of thrombosis on 2D echo
      (14 left ventricle, and 2 left atrium) and 12 cases had a triple positive result
      (2D echo, CAT and platelet scintigraphy). One patient had positive platelet
      scintigraphy and negative 2D echo and CAT. In the 24 cases with negative
      platelets scintigraphy, an intracardiac thrombus was demonstrated by 2D echo and
      CAT scanning in 2 cases. Two out of 4 patients with transient hyperfixation had
      appearances of a large chronic thrombus on 2D echo and CAT. The efficacy of
      therapy was monitored in 3 patients on heparin and 4 patients on platelet
      antiaggregants. These results show that platelet scintigraphy is a highly
      specific method of detecting intracardiac thrombi. It is less sensitive than 2D
      echo because it depends on the haematological activity of the thrombus, making it
      a useful technique for assessing the efficacy of therapy.

PMID- 6435583
TI  - [Treatment of deep venous thrombosis in the presence of a congenital antithrombin
      III deficiency. Apropos of the use of purified concentrates].
AB  - The authors report the case of an active 32 year old man who developed right leg
      DVT. Before heparinisation, he was discovered to have a low antithrombin III
      level (biological activity (B) 60%, immunological level (I) 50) and a further
      inquiry showed the same abnormality in 4 members of the family, leading to a
      diagnosis of a congenital deficit: a 35 year old sister with a bilateral post-DVT
      changes had antithrombin III levels of 70% (B) and 45% (I); two nephews, sons of
      the affected sister: the one aged 5 years was asymptomatic despite antithrombin
      III levels of 50% (I) and 70% (B); the other had experience DVT at the age of 2
      and, on oral anti-vitamin K drugs, had antithrombin III levels of 55% (I) and 67%
      (B) at the age of 15 years; the patient's brother died at the age of 29 of
      cerebral vein thrombosis after pulmonary embolism. The recurrence of local signs
      of DVT after 12 day's heparin therapy with AT III levels (B) of 40%, led to a
      change in management with infusion of purified AT III concentrate at a dose of 40
      U per kg (2 500 U per hour). This induced a rise in AT III activity to over 100%
      and enabled early introduction of anti-vitamin K therapy. The patient remains
      asymptomatic after 6 months follow-up. This case illustrates the value of
      determining AT III activity in all patients who developed DVT without obvious
      reason.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435584
TI  - [Coronary artery ectasia. Apropos of a case treated surgically in 2 stages].
AB  - The authors report a new case of coronary artery aneurysms in a 35 year old man
      who presented with a rudimentary myocardial infarct. Coronary angiography showed
      a localized aneurysm of the left anterior descending and left circumflex
      arteries, and a diffuse dilatation of the right coronary artery. The underlying
      cause was certainly atheroma because a severe stenosis was observed on the right
      coronary artery in association with the aneurysm. Five years later aorto-right
      coronary bypass surgery, when anticoagulant therapy was withdrawn, a second
      rudimentary infarct occurred due to intra aneurysmal thrombosis on the left
      circumflex artery. The aneurysmal and atheromatous disease had progressed,
      justifying a double bypass on the left anterior descending and circumflex
      arteries with exclusion of the two aneurysms. The patient was reviewed 14 months
      and 8 years after the first attack of spontaneous angina with good results. This
      and other reported cases underline the good postoperative prognosis and the
      necessity for a life-long anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 6435585
TI  - [Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), visionary in cardiovascular surgery].

PMID- 6435586
TI  - [Association of a sinus venosus-type interatrial communication and an obstructive
      myocardiopathy].

PMID- 6435587
TI  - [Phonomechanocardiography and/or echocardiography].

PMID- 6435588
TI  - [Critical study of the prognostic value of echocardiography in chronic aortic
      insufficiency].
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess whether, as previously reported series have
      suggested, aortic valve replacement is too late when echocardiography shows a
      left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVS) greater than or equal to 55 mm, a
      left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) less than or equal to 25%, and a
      ratio of left ventricular radius to wall thickness (R/H) greater than or equal to
      4. Sixty-seven patients with pure chronic aortic regurgitation were operated in
      the period between 1979 and June 1981. All had at least one good quality
      preoperative M mode recording. Using the above mentioned parameters, the patients
      were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 41) "good surgical candidates" with
      LVS less than or equal to 55 mm, FS greater than 25%, and/or R/H less than 4; and
      Group II (n = 26) "high risk candidates" with LVS greater than 55 mm, FS less
      than or equal to 25% and/or R/H greater than or equal to 4. The clinical
      improvement was spectacular in both groups after surgery (mean follow-up 28 +/- 8
      months). There were no operative deaths but 5 patients out of each group died
      secondarily. An echocardiogram was recorded in the immediate post-operative
      period in 55 cases; there was a significant reduction in LV diameters in both
      groups but the values in Group II remained higher. A control echocardiogram was
      recorded 17,5 +/- 8,9 months later 46 cases. The LV diameters had returned to
      normal in Group I but remained at the upper limit of normal in Group II. We
      conclude that patients with echocardiographic indices of " high risk " usually
      have a favourable postoperative course. However, although the echocardiographic
      parameters to improve, they do not return completely to normal.

PMID- 6435589
TI  - [Evaluation of the lean body and/or muscle mass in children receiving artificial
      nutrition. Comparative value of anthropometric data and the urinary excretion of
      creatinine and 3-methylhistidine].
AB  - Lean body mass was estimated in 15 adequately nourished and afebrile children,
      aged 1 to 24 months, receiving parenteral and/or enteral nutrition with
      anthropometric measurements (30 analyses). At the same time, muscle mass was
      evaluated from the 24 hour-urinary excretion of creatinine and 3-methylhistidine.
      Statistical computations showed and excellent correlation between the results
      obtained by both methods. The stable conditions for these children receiving
      artificial nutrition (normal nitrogen, carbohydrate and fat intakes, excluding
      exogenous creatinine and 3-methylhistidine) allow the use of these two biological
      measurements as markers of muscle mass and provide a control for the validity of
      the results of anthropometric measurements. Urinary excretion of 3-methyl
      histidine not correlated with that of creatinine or with anthropometric data
      should suggest an increase in myofibrillary catabolism. These 3 simple, non
      invasive tests may be particularly useful in patients receiving artificial
      nutrition, to study the short- and long-term efficacy of the methods of
      artificial feeding used and to modulate the intake of nitrogen, carbohydrates and
      fat.

PMID- 6435590
TI  - Hybrid protein containing heavy subunit of haptoglobin and light subunit of
      immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Dimeric hybrid protein molecule consisting of disulfide-linked beta (heavy)
      subunit of haptoglobin (Hp) and L (light) subunit of immunoglobulin G, was
      synthesized. Molecular mass of the hybrid was 62.0 kd, sedimentation constant B20
      = 2.43. Hemoglobin binding activity of the beta X L hybrid as compared with that
      of native Hp accounted for 25%. In immunological cross-reactivity the hybrid was
      found to be deficient in some antigenic determinants present in Hp and in Hp beta
      chain. Hybridization carried out in three-component mixtures (Hp beta subunits,
      Hp alpha (light) subunits, IgG-L) showed, that besides reconstituted tetramers of
      Hp (2 alpha X 2 beta) always the hybrid beta X L was formed, even at an excess of
      Hp alpha, an excess of IgG-L prevented the formation of tetrameric molecules.
      Conformational similarity of Hp alpha and IgG-L as disulfide linked with Hp beta
      is reflected in the interaction of respective conjugates with hemoglobin.

PMID- 6435591
TI  - Investigations about influence of the content of plant crude protein in the
      ration on the utilization of urea in dairy cattle. 6. Digestive enzymes and their
      interactions in contents of proximal small intestine.
AB  - Forty-two samples were taken from the contents of the proximal small intestine of
      two lactating dairy cows fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannula. Most samples
      were free of detectable amylase activity. The (chymo)trypsinogen present was only
      partially activated to (chymo)trypsin. The activation was continued in vitro:
      slowly at the original pH of the samples (between pH 2.8 and 4.2), and faster
      after neutralization or a slight alkalinization. The effect of Ca, EDTA and
      soybean inhibitor on the activation of trypsinogen was also studied. The
      pancreatic enzymes were inactive in the acid pH range of the samples, but pepsin
      was markedly active. At pH 3.8 casein was digested rapidly by purified pepsin and
      slowly by the samples (agar-plate experiments). In model experiments performed
      with purified enzymes, pepsin digested (chymo)trypsin rapidly at pH 1-2 and
      slowly at pH 3.8. In the intestinal juice (chymo)trypsin and their zymogens
      seemed to be unaffected by pepsin under the conditions of the samples. It is
      concluded that the conditions prevailing in the duodenum/upper jejunum of the
      experimental cows account for a gastric-type digestion, despite the presence of
      pancreatic enzymes. In vivo the intestinal contents pass in distal direction.
      Meanwhile the pH of the chyme gradually increases and gives rise to first an
      increase of enterokinase activity accounting for a faster activation of the
      zymogens; second a start of function of activated pancreatic proteases and third
      a gradual decrease of pepsin activity and finally to its irreversible
      denaturation. Thus the development of intestinal type digestion is delayed in
      ruminants.

PMID- 6435592
TI  - Demonstration of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in tracheas of healthy carrier chickens
      by fluorescent-antibody procedure and the significance of certain serologic tests
      in estimating antibody response.
AB  - Chickens naturally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were cultured by
      tracheal swab. Although the chickens showed no signs of disease, they remained MG
      carriers many months after the acute phase of infection. When MG was isolated
      from tracheas, the agent was demonstrated also in smear preparations from
      tracheal mucus by the indirect fluorescent-antibody procedure. Humoral immune
      response to MG was low, as detected by rapid serum-plate-agglutination, micro
      tube-agglutination, hemagglutination-inhibition, and agar-gel-precipitation
      tests. Antigens prepared from three different MG strains gave variable results on
      the same serum samples. Homologous or heterologous sera obtained from the tested
      chickens did not inhibit the growth of MG previously isolated from the tracheas.

PMID- 6435593
TI  - Psychosocial factors and the management of physical illness: a contribution to
      the cost-containment of medical care.
AB  - Cost-containment of medical care has become of increasing importance to both
      medical administrators and politicians. Recently, studies have examined the
      impact of psychological and psychiatric treatments on medical care utilisation
      and hospitalisation rates and the cost-effectiveness of such treatments. These
      studies have demonstrated that interventions based on a consideration of
      psychosocial factors in physical illness are effective in reducing the morbidity,
      and mortality, of a wide range of illnesses and that they lead to reduced medical
      care utilisation and a lower rate of hospital treatment. It has also been
      demonstrated that holistic management based on the 'biopsychosocial' model of
      illness is cost-effective and that there is an overall reduction of expenditure
      after allowing for the cost of the psychological or psychiatric treatment. It is
      concluded that further development of consultation-liaison psychiatry should be
      encouraged to promote awareness of the influence of psychosocial factors on
      physical illness and their early management as both clinically important and cost
      effective.

PMID- 6435594
TI  - Searching-waiting strategy: a candidate for an evolutionary model of depression?
AB  - The model proposed here assumes that depressive disorders could reflect an
      extreme state of a current behavioral strategy. According to this model, a
      subject facing a problem of survival without apparent solution may choose between
      two behavioral patterns: searching for a solution or waiting for that solution to
      occur. This choice can be made after one or several estimations of the cost and
      benefit attached to each of these alternatives. Two of the main behavioral models
      of depression are interpreted according to this model: namely, infant response to
      maternal separation in monkeys and "behavioral despair" in rodents. Practical and
      theoretical consequences of this model are discussed.

PMID- 6435595
TI  - Islet cell antibodies and cellular immunity in human diabetes.

PMID- 6435596
TI  - Dispersal behavior of photonegative selection lines of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6435597
TI  - Correlated response to phototactic selection.

PMID- 6435598
TI  - Olfactory responses to alcohols by adults of sympatric populations of Drosophila
      melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.

PMID- 6435599
TI  - [Myxosporidia infections of the kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from Lower
      Saxony pond farms].

PMID- 6435600
TI  - [Viral hemorrhagic septicemia in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.): effect of
      water temperature and body weight on mortality following experimental infection
      in water].

PMID- 6435601
TI  - Purification and properties of a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat
      liver cytosol and its inhibition by anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - An NAD(P)-dependent 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) was
      purified to homogeneity from rat liver cytosol, where it is responsible for most
      if not all of the capacity for the oxidation of androsterone, 1-acenaphthenol and
      benzenedihydrodiol (trans-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene). The dehydrogenase
      has many properties (substrate specificity, pI, Mr, amino acid composition) in
      common with the dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.20) purified from the same
      source [Vogel, Bentley, Platt & Oesch (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9621-9625].
      Since 3 alpha-hydroxysteroids are by far the most efficient substrates, the
      enzyme is more appropriately designated a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
      It also promotes the NAD(P)H-dependent reductions of quinones (e.g. 9,10
      phenanthrenequinone, 1,4-benzoquinone), aromatic aldehydes (4-nitrobenzaldehyde)
      and aromatic ketones (4-nitroacetophenone). The dehydrogenase is not inhibited by
      dicoumarol, disulfiram, hexobarbital or pyrazole. The mechanism of the powerful
      inhibition of this enzyme by both non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs [Penning & Talalay (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 4504-4508] was
      examined with several substrates. Most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are
      competitive inhibitors (e.g. Ki for indomethacin, 0.20 microM for 9,10
      phenanthrenequinone reduction at pH 6.0, and 0.835 microM for androsterone
      oxidation at pH 7.0), except for salicylates, which act non-competitively (e.g.
      Ki for aspirin, 650 microM for androsterone oxidation). The inhibitory potency of
      these agents falls sharply as the pH is increased from 6 to 9. Most anti
      inflammatory steroids are likewise competitive inhibitors, except for the most
      potent (betamethasone and dexamethasone), which act non-competitively. The enzyme
      is inhibited competitively by arachidonic acid and various prostaglandins.

PMID- 6435602
TI  - Arachidonyl transfer from diacyl phosphatidylcholine to ether phospholipids in
      rat platelets.
AB  - High levels of ether phospholipids were found in rat platelets. Alkylacyl
      compounds constituted 18 and 29% of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and
      glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE). Alkenylacyl compounds, not detected in GPC,
      represented 40% of GPE. Arachidonate comprised 60%, 42% and 26% of the acyl
      residues in the sn-2 position of alkenylacyl-GPE, alkylacyl-GPE and alkylacyl-GPC
      respectively. Based on all arachidonate being linked to the sn-2 position of the
      diacyl species, the arachidonate level was 47% in diacyl-GPE and 30% in diacyl
      GPC. The incorporation and metabolic fate of arachidonate in various phospholipid
      classes of resting platelets was examined. Arachidonate was essentially recovered
      in the diacyl phospholipids and very poorly in alkylacyl- and alkenylacyl-GPE and
      GPC after 30 min incubation in the presence of [14C]arachidonic acid. Upon
      reincubation of the platelets after removal of free arachidonate, the
      radioactivity was gradually lost from diacyl-GPC. Concomitantly, the
      radioactivities in alkylacyl-GPC, alkylacyl-GPE, alkenylacyl-GPE and to a lower
      extent in diacyl-GPE were increased. Labelling of glycerophosphoinositol was not
      changed. This labelling transfer was linear up to 5-6 h, except for alkylacyl
      GPC; then labelling remained constant. These data strongly suggest that free
      arachidonate incorporation through the Lands pathway occurs only for diacyl
      species and that arachidonate incorporation into the ether phospholipids is
      achieved by exchange from diacyl-GPC. Based on specific activities related to
      phosphorus content, the arachidonate incorporation rates into diacyl-GPE and
      diacyl-GPC were approximately equivalent. The very large differences between
      specific radioactivities related to arachidonate observed at the starting
      reincubation time were strongly attenuated when labelling equilibrium was
      reached. The turnover rate by this exchange pathway was higher in alkylacyl-GPC
      than in alkyl- and alkenylacyl-GPE. This finding agrees with the selectivity for
      arachidonate observed in the acylation of PAF-acether in human neutrophils
      [Chilton, O'Flaherty, Ellis, Swendsen & Wykle (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7268
      7271].

PMID- 6435603
TI  - Reconstituted collagen fibrils. Fibrillar and molecular stability of the collagen
      upon maturation in vitro.
AB  - During the maturation in vitro of reconstituted collagen fibrils prepared from
      rat skin, the mechanical and thermal stability of collagen increased and the
      pepsin-solubility decreased. At the same time a larger fraction of the pepsin
      soluble collagen attained a lower molecular thermal stability that resulted in a
      biphasic thermal transition of the soluble collagen. Type-I collagen, with a
      similar biphasic thermal transition, was isolated from acid-insoluble rat skin
      collagen.

PMID- 6435604
TI  - Putrescine biosynthesis in Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - The putrescine-biosynthesis pathway in Tetrahymena thermophila was delineated by
      studying crude extracts prepared from exponentially growing cultures. A pyridoxal
      phosphate-stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity competitively inhibited by
      putrescine was detected. CO2 was also liberated from L-arginine, but analyses by
      t.l.c. and enzyme studies suggested that the activity was not due to arginine
      decarboxylase, nor could enzyme activities converting agmatine into putrescine be
      detected. We conclude that the decarboxylation of L-ornithine is probably the
      only major route for putrescine biosynthesis in this organism during exponential
      growth.

PMID- 6435605
TI  - Inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase by halogenated biphenyls in chick
      hepatocyte cultures. Essential role for induction of cytochrome P-448.
AB  - Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.37) activity was assayed in cultures of
      chick-embryo hepatocytes by the changes in composition of porphyrins accumulated
      after addition of excess 5-aminolaevulinate. Control cells accumulated mainly
      protoporphyrin, whereas cells treated with 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl or
      2,4,5,3',4'-pentabromobiphenyl accumulated mainly uroporphyrin, indicating
      decreased activity of the decarboxylase. 3-Methylcholanthrene and other
      polycyclic-hydrocarbon inducers of the P-448 isoenzyme of cytochrome P-450, did
      not affect the decarboxylase in the absence of the biphenyls. Induction of P-448
      was detected as an increase in ethoxyresorufin de-ethylase activity. Pretreatment
      of cells with methylcholanthrene decreased the time required for the halogenated
      biphenyls to inhibit the decarboxylase. The dose response of methylcholanthrene
      showed that less than 40% of the maximal induction of cytochrome P-448 was needed
      to produce the maximum biphenyl-mediated inhibition of the decarboxylase. In
      contrast, induction of the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme by propylisopropylacetamide
      had no effect on the biphenyl-mediated decrease in decarboxylase activity. Use of
      inhibitors of the P-450 and P-448 isoenzymes (SKF-525A, piperonyl butoxide and
      ellipticine) supported the concept that only the P-448 isoenzyme is involved in
      the inhibition of the decarboxylase by the halogenated biphenyls. The effect of
      preinduction with methylcholanthrene to enhance inhibition of the decarboxylase
      was also shown by the increased rate at which porphyrin accumulated from
      endogenously synthesized 5-aminolaevulinate after treatment of cells with the
      combination of propylisopropylacetamide and the biphenyls. Antioxidants,
      chelators of iron, and chromate affected the decrease in decarboxylase activity
      only if they prevented the induced increase in cytochrome P-448. We conclude that
      the P-448 and not the P-450 isoenzyme of cytochrome P-450 plays an obligatory
      role in the inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase caused by halogenated
      biphenyls.

PMID- 6435606
TI  - Purification of isopenicillin N synthetase.
AB  - Isopenicillin N synthetase was extracted from Cephalosporium acremonium and
      purified about 200-fold. The product showed one major protein band, coinciding
      with synthetase activity, when subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide
      gel. An isopenicillin N synthetase from Penicillium chrysogenum was purified
      about 70-fold by similar procedures. The two enzymes resemble each other closely
      in their Mr, in their mobility on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and in
      their requirement for Fe2+ and ascorbate for maximum activity. Preliminary
      experiments have shown that a similar isopenicillin N synthetase can be extracted
      from Streptomyces clavuligerus.

PMID- 6435607
TI  - Polyamine levels and the activity of their biosynthetic enzymes in human
      erythrocytes infected with the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Human erythrocytes contain only trace amounts of polyamines and lack active
      polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. A remarkable increase in polyamine content, and
      in the activity of ornithine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylases, is noted
      in synchronous cultures of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
      Polyamine biosynthesis reached peak values during the early trophozoite stage,
      whereas nucleic acid and protein synthesis occurred later in mature trophozoites.
      DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase, did not interfere with merozoite invasion and with ring-form
      development, but prevented the transformation of trophozoites to schizonts.
      Concomitantly, the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids was significantly
      inhibited. These inhibitory effects could be readily reversed by the diamine
      putrescine. Macromolecular synthesis and schizogony were normal when 5-10 mM-DL
      alpha-difluoromethylornithine and 0.1 mM-putrescine were added to the cultures
      simultaneously.

PMID- 6435608
TI  - Intestinal biosynthesis of apolipoproteins during active fat absorption in
      rabbits.
AB  - To gain some insight in the biosynthesis of apolipoproteins in small intestinal
      walls of rabbits we investigated the in vivo incorporation of [14C]leucine into
      mesenteric lymph lipoproteins during active fat absorption. The labeled amino
      acid was predominantly incorporated into the apo B-containing lipoproteins, but
      also in HDL. More than 40% of total lymph radioactivity were associated with the
      lipoprotein bound apolipoproteins of chylomicrons, VLDL and HDL. About half of
      this radioactivity was incorporated into apo B, predominantly into that of the
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Apo A-I and apo A-IV contained about 17 and 3% of
      total lymph radioactivity, respectively. In contrast, no radioactivity was
      detectable in the gel zones corresponding to plasma apo E or lower molecular
      weight peptides (apo C-II and C-III). During active fat absorption the small
      intestine of rabbits secretes apo B and apo A into mesenteric lymph, which are
      obviously necessary for the lymphatic transport of lipids.

PMID- 6435609
TI  - On some mechanisms of antihypoxic actions of nootropic drugs.
AB  - The antihypoxic effect of meclofenoxate hydrochloride seen in the accelerated
      restitution of posthypoxic dopamine release inhibition originates in the
      alcoholic component of the drug. Via choline dimethylaminoethanol might run, like
      orotic acid, into a CDP-choline pool, the generation of which is able to be
      facilitated by piracetam which in turn increases the phosphorylation potential.
      All these nootropic drugs will in this way increase the biosynthesis of
      hypoxically vulnerable phospholipids by different mechanisms. Indeed, a combined
      treatment with piracetam, meclofenoxate hydrochloride and methylglucamineorotate
      leads to a more rapid restitution of posthypoxic dopamine release inhibition than
      the drugs are active when applied separately.

PMID- 6435610
TI  - Induction and augmentation of mitogen-induced immune interferon production in
      human lymphocytes by a synthetic thymopoietin pentapeptide.

PMID- 6435611
TI  - [Glomerular filtration in low birthweight neonates].
AB  - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated in mature newborns appropriate
      for gestational age (AGA), mature newborns small for gestational age (SGA) and
      premature newborns AGA on the 2nd day and the end of the 3rd week of life. The
      GFR was determined by mannitol using the slope-clearance technique. On the 2nd
      day the GFR is significantly diminished in mature newborns SGA (1.21 ml/kg X min)
      compared to mature newborns AGA (1.84 ml/kg X min) as well as premature newborns
      AGA (1.54 ml/kg X min). During the first 3 weeks of life the GFR increases
      significantly in mature newborns both AGA (2.20 ml/kg X min) and SGA (1.65 ml per
      kg X min), whereas the increase is insignificant in premature newborns AGA (1.70
      ml per kg X min). Therefore there is no difference between mature newborns SGA
      and premature newborns AGA at the end of the 3rd week of life. The decreased GFR
      of newborns SGA during the first weeks of life has to take into consideration for
      dosage of drugs tending to cumulate and for composition of parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6435612
TI  - [Haptoglobin subtypes and the haptoglobin streptococcal effect].

PMID- 6435613
TI  - The mitogenic activity of pp60v-src, the oncogenic protein product of the src
      gene of avian sarcoma virus, is independent of external serum growth factors.
AB  - The oncogenic pp60v-src product of ASV (avian sarcoma virus) is shown to be a
      potent endogenous mitogen, which, unlike mitogens such as PDGF (platelet derived
      growth factor), is able to stimulate host cell proliferation without the help of
      other growth factors. Thus, NRK rat cells, infected with a temperature-sensitive
      ASV mutant which produces an abnormally thermolabile pp60v-src, became
      proliferatively quiescent at a pp60v-src-inactivating 40 degrees C in medium
      containing either 0.2% calf serum or no serum at all. Adding PDGF stimulated the
      quiescent tsASV-NRK cells at 40 degrees C to initiate DNA replication in medium
      containing 0.2% serum, but not in serum-free medium. By contrast, activating
      internal pp60v-src by dropping the temperature to a permissive 36 degrees C
      stimulated these quiescent cells to transit G1, initiate DNA replication and to
      enter mitosis even in serum-free medium. Thus, relative to PDGF, endogenous pp60v
      src behaves as a complete mitogen.

PMID- 6435614
TI  - Possible involvement of cyclooxygenase products in the actions of platelet
      activating factor and of lipoxygenase products in the vascular effects of
      epinephrine in perfused rat liver.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates glycogenolysis and induces
      vasoconstriction in perfused rat liver. The effect of PAF was rapid but transient
      and it was blocked by indomethacin and bromophenacyl bromide which suggests a
      role of cyclooxygenase metabolites in its action. The homologous desensitization
      of glycogenolysis produced by PAF and the sensitivity of its actions to
      inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and phospholipase A2 markedly differentiate the
      mechanism of action of this agent with that of alpha 1-adrenergic agents,
      vasopressin or angiotensin II. No effect of PAF in isolated hepatocytes was
      observed which suggest that cells other than hepatocytes could be involved in its
      action in perfused liver. In addition nordihydroguaiaretic acid and bromophenacyl
      bromide abolished the vascular effect (but not the glycogenolysis) produced by
      epinephrine which suggest a role for lipoxygenase products in this effect.

PMID- 6435615
TI  - Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by organotin compounds.
AB  - Organotin compounds such as Bu2SnCl2, Bu3SnCl and Ph3SnCl suppressed
      significantly not only chemotactic response of neutrophils to stimulation by the
      chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe but also phospholipase activity in situ as measured
      by the release of [1-14C] arachidonic acid previously incorporated into
      phospholipids. Moreover, these suppressions were dose dependent and a parallelism
      was found between dose-dependent inhibition of chemotaxis and that of
      arachidonate release. These results suggest that the chemotactic response is
      controlled by the activation of phospholipase activity in neutrophils, and that
      the inhibitory effects of these organotin compounds on chemotactic response
      reflect the blockage of phospholipase activation system regulated by
      phosphorylation of lipomodulin.

PMID- 6435616
TI  - Conversion of arachidonic acid to two novel products by a cytochrome P450
      dependent mixed-function oxidase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes metabolize [14C] arachidonic acid into 2
      unidentified products, separated by thin-layer chromatography and high
      performance liquid chromatography, and called peak 1 and peak 2. The formation of
      peak 1 is maximal at 5 minutes and then declines, while the synthesis of peak 2
      increases throughout the 30 minute incubation period. The formation of peak 1
      and, to a lesser extent, peak 2, was enhanced after dual inhibition of
      lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase enzymes with BW755C (94 microns) or nafazatrom
      (37 microns), or after incubation in a calcium-free buffer. In contrast, the
      formation of these products was inhibited by SKF-525A (50 microns), suggesting a
      cytochrome P450-dependent mechanism. The presence of cytochrome P450 in
      neutrophil microsomes was confirmed by measuring aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      activity and cytochrome P450 content.

PMID- 6435617
TI  - Studies directed toward testing the "channeling" hypothesis--ribonucleotides---
      DNA in leukemia L1210 cells.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to test for the presence of "channeling" in L1210
      cells. L1210 cells were incubated in culture in the presence of labeled cytidine
      and "cold" deoxycytidine and conversely, in the presence of labeled deoxycytidine
      and "cold" cytidine. Cytidine did not inhibit the incorporation of
      [14C]deoxycytidine into DNA while deoxycytidine decreased the incorporation of
      [14C]cytidine into DNA. Further, in L1210 cells there was not a coordinate
      inhibition of thymidylate synthetase when either DNA polymerase was inhibited
      (aphidicolin) or ribonucleotide reductase was inhibited (hydroxyurea). These data
      indicate that leukemia L1210 cells do not selectively channel ribonucleotides to
      DNA through a tightly coupled enzyme complex.

PMID- 6435619
TI  - Inhibition of macrophage activation and tumor cell cytolysis by cyclosporin-A.
AB  - Cyclosporin (CsA)4, a fungal peptide used clinically for its immunosuppressive
      properties, was investigated for its ability to antagonize the activation of
      macrophages (PEM) to the tumoricidal state. The acquisition of tumoricidal
      properties by PEM challenged with macrophage activating factor (MAF) plus
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by CsA.
      Similarly, CsA antagonized activation of PEM exposed to the calcium ionophore,
      A23187. CsA also inhibited macrophage-mediated tumor cell cytolysis in a dose
      dependent manner. These data indicate that in vitro, CsA can modulate directly
      the acquisition and expression of tumoricidal properties by PEM and suggests that
      the macrophage may be an important target cell for CsA in vivo.

PMID- 6435618
TI  - Serum, bradykinin and vasopressin stimulate release of inositol phosphates from
      human fibroblasts.
AB  - The mitogens serum, vasopressin and bradykinin stimulate a significant rise in
      the inositol phosphate content of cultured human fibroblasts within 10 seconds,
      while serum- and bradykinin-stimulated arachidonic acid release does not occur
      until after 30 seconds. The release of inositol phosphates is not secondary to a
      rise in Ca activity since the Ca ionophore ionomycin does not stimulate release
      of inositol phosphates. Moreover, we show that phospholipase C in human
      fibroblasts is activated by these mitogens at resting Ca levels since TMB-8,
      which blocks the mitogen-induced rise in Ca activity, does not affect the serum
      stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphates.

PMID- 6435620
TI  - Synthesis and in vitro bioactivity of C-terminal deleted analogs of human growth
      hormone-releasing factor.
AB  - A series of C-terminal deleted analogs of human growth hormone-releasing factor
      (hGRF) with either an amidated or a free carboxylic acid C-terminus were
      synthesized by solid phase methodology. Their capacity to release growth hormone
      was tested on rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. A gradual
      decrease of bioactivity down to 23% relative to hGRF was noted when the C
      terminal amino acids were deleted to hGRF (1-34)OH. Further deletions, however,
      did not decrease the bioactivity because the potencies of the fragments, hGRF(1
      31)NH2, (1-30)NH2 and (1-29)NH2 remained at about 50% of that of hGRF. Continual
      deletion of residues to hGRF(1-23)NH2, (1-22)NH2 and (1-21)NH2 still yielded
      bioactive fragments with full intrinsic activity despite very low potency. Only
      with the deletion down to hGRF(1-19)NH2 did the bioactivity completely disappear.
      Thus, together with the data published in a previous paper (1), the minimal
      biologically active core of hGRF with full intrinsic activity comprises the
      fragment (3-21).

PMID- 6435621
TI  - A chemiluminescent probe specific for singlet oxygen.
AB  - We have synthesized a methoxyvinylpyrene (MVP) in order to model the mechanism
      for the observed microsomal chemiluminescence of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol,
      the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene. This MVP analog has been
      found to be a highly efficient and specific chemiluminescent probe for picomole
      quantities of singlet oxygen and singlet oxygen equivalents, and it produces
      significant chemiluminescence when reacted with cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

PMID- 6435622
TI  - Transfer RNA chromatography on reversed phase five: effect of cadmium ion on a
      queuine-type tRNA.
AB  - A sensitive method is described that detects an alteration in the structure of
      tRNA that is caused by cadmium but not by magnesium or zinc ions. The
      chromatographic system, RPC-5, separates Drosophila tyrosyl-tRNA into two
      fractions. These two isoacceptors differ by a single position in the anticodon
      where either a guanosine or queuine resides. Cadmium ions apparently interact
      with the tRNA and prevent the chromatographic separation. This is the first
      instance where cadmium is shown to cause a selective change in nucleic acid
      structure. The RPC-5 system seems to be uniquely useful in detecting such a
      change.

PMID- 6435623
TI  - In vivo uptake of insulin into hepatic Golgi fractions: application of the
      diaminobenzidine-shift protocol.
AB  - The hypothesis that insulin is internalized into the hepatic Golgi apparatus was
      tested by the diaminobenzidine-shift protocol of Courtoy et al. (1984, J. Cell
      Biol. 98, 870). Highly purified Golgi fractions were isolated after the
      coinjection of [125I]insulin and the synthetic ligand, galactose-bovine serum
      albumin-horseradish peroxidase. Golgi fractions were subsequently reacted in the
      presence or absence of diaminobenzidine, then subjected to Percoll gradient
      centrifugation. For incubations carried out in the absence of diaminobenzidine,
      [125I]insulin-containing components were found at a low density (peak density
      congruent to 1.042) identical to that of the Golgi marker enzyme
      galactosyltransferase. However after incubations carried out in the presence of
      diaminobenzidine, the majority of [125I]insulin-containing components was shifted
      to a higher density of greater than 1.06 while that of galactosyltransferase
      remained unchanged (peak congruent to 1.042). These observations indicate that
      the majority of internalized insulin is not located in galactosyltransferase
      containing Golgi components.

PMID- 6435624
TI  - Presence of B-100 in rat mesenteric chyle.
AB  - Molecular forms of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were studied in the rat intestinal
      chyle by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and
      immunodiffusion. Time studies on intestinal chyle showed the presence of B-100 in
      all the samples analyzed within 3 hr after drawing. However, the analyses
      repeated on day 2 or day 3 revealed disappearance of B-100 and appearance of B
      48. Addition of 3 mM EDTA, 10 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate, 5 mM chloroquine and
      10 mM epsilon-amino caproic acid slowed down but could not prevent the
      disappearance of B-100. Chylomicrons isolated from chyle in the presence of
      preservatives immediately after drawing displayed B-100 as a major and B-48 as a
      minor ApoB form. However, repeatedly washed chylomicrons or those isolated from
      chyle 18-24 hr after drawing showed B-48 as the only ApoB present. These results
      suggest that rat intestine synthesizes B-100 which is quickly converted to
      smaller molecular form.

PMID- 6435625
TI  - Can isolated spans of the tricarboxylic acid cycle operate independently? L
      proline, oleate and butyrate metabolism in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - 14CO2 production from [l-14C]oleate, [l-14C]butyrate and [U-14C]proline by
      isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. In hepatocytes from fed rats, fatty acid
      and proline oxidation are stimulated in parallel by adrenaline, noradrenaline,
      vasopressin and angiotensin II. In contrast in hepatocytes from 24 h-starved rats
      these hormones stimulate proline oxidation whereas oleate and butyrate oxidation
      is hormone-insensitive. This suggests that 14CO2 production from [U-14C]proline
      and [l-14C]oleate is subject to independent endocrine control. In support of this
      in hepatocytes from fed rats, glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulate 14CO2
      production from proline but inhibit 14CO2 production from [l-14C]oleate. The
      pathway of hepatic proline oxidation is discussed and it is suggested that 2
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is one site of endocrine control of proline oxidation.

PMID- 6435626
TI  - The analysis of soluble galactosyltransferase isoenzyme patterns using high
      resolution agarose isoelectricfocusing.
AB  - A high resolution method has been developed to separate the isoenzymes of
      galactosyltransferase by combining isoelectricfocusing (IEF) in 245 mm long
      agarose gels with a highly sensitive enzyme activity assay. The resolution and
      sensitivity is such that the isoenzyme pattern of 10 microliters human serum can
      be resolved. Using this method normal human serum was shown to contain at least
      12 isoenzyme forms of galactosyltransferase, the major forms having isoelectric
      points of 4.33, 4.43, 4.51, 4.61, 4.74, 4.87, 4.96, 5.16 and 5.23. Part of the
      isoenzyme pattern complexity is due to sialylation of some isoenzymes. Alpha
      lactalbumin-affinity chromatography, a method widely used in the purification of
      galactosyltransferase, causes a preferential purification of some of the
      isoenzyme forms.

PMID- 6435627
TI  - Activation of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase by aliphatic primary amine.
AB  - The reason for observed variable activities of yeast pyridoxaminephosphate
      oxidase (EC 1.4.3.5; deaminating) was studied. In the presence of an aliphatic
      primary amine, the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase activity was elevated up to
      5-fold, whereas pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase was unchanged. Activation
      resulted from an enhanced Vmax with an almost constant Km. Polyamines (spermine
      greater than spermidine greater than putrescine) were excellent activators. On
      the contrary, oxidation of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate or synthetic N-(5'-phospho-4
      pyridoxyl)-amino acid was not activated so much. However, a decrease in Km was
      observed with the increase in the putrescine concentrations.

PMID- 6435628
TI  - Isolation and characterization of N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate from the urine of
      a patient with Sanfilippo type D syndrome and its occurrence in normal urine.
AB  - N-Acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate (GlcNAc6S) has been isolated from human urine and
      shown to be present at levels of approximately 0.02 and 14 mg/mmole creatinine in
      urine from normal individuals and a mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (MPS IIID)
      patient respectively. We propose that the greater than 500-fold elevation of
      GlcNAc6S in urine from the MPS IIID patient indicates that this sulfated
      monosaccharide is also a substrate for the sulfatase deficient in MPS IIID
      patients. We further propose that part, if not all, of the GlcNAc6S found in
      urine may be produced from the cleavage by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A of non
      reducing end beta-linked GlcNAc6S residues of keratan sulfate and/or sulfated
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 6435629
TI  - Detergent-extraction of a regulatory subunit of brain adenylate cyclase and its
      sensitivity to calmodulin and forskolin.
AB  - The increase in activity of brain adenylate cyclase caused by nonionic detergent
      might be associated with the response of this enzyme to calcium and calmodulin.
      The loss of fluoride and guanyl 5'-yl imidodiphosphate stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase by the incubation of brain membranes with Lubrol PX may be regarded as a
      selective release of guanine nucleotide regulatory subunits. The regulatory
      subunit preactivated with guanyl 5'-yl imidodiphosphate was resistant to
      detergent extraction. The loss of the subunits from membranes did not change the
      sensitivity of the enzyme to calmodulin and forskolin.

PMID- 6435630
TI  - A DNA polymerase alpha partially resistant to aphidicolin in cells and embryos of
      Med-fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.).
AB  - We have studied the DNA polymerase activities in cultured cells and embryos of
      Med-fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) and we observed that only DNA polymerases
      alpha and gamma were detectable in crude extracts. The level of DNA polymerase
      alpha, measured during the life cycle of the insect embryos, increased in
      parallel with the rate of embryonic cell proliferation, whereas DNA polymerase
      gamma increased at much later fertilization time, when cell differentiation is
      already taking place. DNA polymerase alpha, purified 100 folds from Med-fly
      embryos, was 10 times more resistant to aphidicolin, its specific inhibitor, than
      the mammalian DNA polymerase alpha. In situ visualization of the active peptides
      after NaDodSO4/PAGE, confirmed that only high Mr DNA polymerase fragments were
      present in embryo extracts and in purified preparations of DNA polymerase alpha.
      It appears that C. capitata cells represent a rather peculiar system in the
      phylogeny of DNA polymerases since they are devoid of DNA polymerase beta and
      present a DNA polymerase alpha partially resistant to aphidicolin.

PMID- 6435631
TI  - Minor serine tRNA containing anticodon NCA (C4 RNA) from human and mouse cells.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of C4 RNA, one of the "4.5S RNAs" of HeLa cells, was
      determined. This RNA consists of 90 nucleotides containing C-C-A at its 3'
      terminus. The sequence can be drawn to form a clover-leaf structure with several
      unusual features and with anticodon NCA. The short term labeled molecule contains
      triphosphates at its 5'-terminus, whereas the mature molecule contains only
      monophosphate. Therefore, there must be no precursor nucleotide at the 5'-end in
      the primary transcript of this tRNA. Mouse cells also contain C4 RNA. Only one
      base exchange was observed in the extra arm in human and mouse C4 RNAs. The
      molecule purified from mouse liver showed serine acceptor ability.

PMID- 6435632
TI  - Evidence for an inducible cadmium binding protein metallothionein in chick
      embryo.
AB  - Cadmium binding protein metallothionein was isolated in a partially purified form
      from the liver of cadmium treated chick embryos. This binding protein was totally
      absent in normal chick embryo, though the induction occurred with cadmium
      exposure in the embryonic liver. Incorporation studies with 3H-leucine or 3H
      lysine indicated the active synthesis of metallothionein after 10 hrs of cadmium
      injection. Since the characteristic of metallothionein is by its metal content,
      we estimated the cadmium concentration in all fractions and it was evident that
      cadmium peak corresponded only with the peak of radioactive amino acid
      incorporation to metallothionein. This result suggests that binding protein is
      specific for cadmium. Further experiments have been conducted with actinomycin D
      treatment to cadmium treated embryo to understand the mechanism of
      metallothionein induction. The incorporation of 3H-leucine into hepatic
      metallothionein of cadmium exposed embryos was not inhibited by actinomycin D
      treatment. suggesting that cadmium does not act at the level of transcription in
      the metallothionein biosynthesis, occurred in chick embryo.

PMID- 6435633
TI  - Influence of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine on DMBA-induced biochemical changes in
      regenerating mouse liver: II. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme
      DNA, and protein.
AB  - Present investigation documents the influence of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine, a
      hepatropic detoxicant, on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, DNA,
      and total protein contents in regenerating mouse liver exposed to a chemical
      carcinogen--DMBA. DMBA, when given alone, decreases the levels of these
      macromolecular constituents in the regenerating liver. When MPG is given with
      DMBA, the levels of these, except that of G6P-DH, are maintained at control
      levels.

PMID- 6435634
TI  - Clear evidence for the participation of OH in lambda DNA breakage induced by the
      enzymatic reduction of adriamycin in the presence of iron-ADP. Importance of
      local OH concentration for DNA strand cleavage.
AB  - lambda DNA (a double-stranded DNA) was exposed to several adriamycin-mediated
      active oxygen generating systems (O2- and H2O2 generating, OH generating, and
      perferryl ion complex generating), extracted, and analyzed by gel electrophoresis
      on agarose gel. Only the DNA exposed to and subsequently isolated from the
      adriamycin-mediated OH generating system contained many DNA fragments of low
      molecular weight, indicating the breakage of DNA strands. Such a breakage was
      strikingly inhibited by catalase or 50 mM sodium benzoate, but not by superoxide
      dismutase. The local OH concentration near the DNA strand was considered to be
      important for DNA strand cleavage.

PMID- 6435635
TI  - Effect of glycolipids contained in liposomes on the incorporation of beta
      galactosidase into specific organs.
AB  - A series of glycolipids were examined to find a system capable of targeting
      liposomes into specific organs of rats. Sulfatide was found to be the best among
      the components of liposomes examined for delivering the entrapped enzyme, beta
      galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, into the brain and liver; gangliosides,
      for the spleen; and sphingomyelin, for the lung. To introduce the enzyme into the
      liver, galactocerebroside was far better than glucocerebroside. These data
      suggest that the sugar residues of glycolipids function to target the liposomes
      into specific organs.

PMID- 6435636
TI  - Comparison of the prostanoid synthesizing capacity in homogenates from primary
      neuronal and astroglial cell cultures.

PMID- 6435637
TI  - [The nature of functional groups regulating the catalytic activity of
      prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase].
AB  - The influence of some reagents modifying NH2-, SH-groups or imidazole moiety, on
      the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase activity was studied. Acetaldehyde,
      pyridoxal phosphate, dithiobis (nitrobenzoic) acid and iodoacetamide were found
      not to affect the enzyme activity. The activity was abolished as a result of the
      interaction with p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and diethyl pyrocarbonate. The hemin
      completely protected the apo-enzyme against the inactivation with diethyl
      pyrocarbonate. The assumption about the presence of imidazole moiety in the
      active site of the enzyme was made.

PMID- 6435638
TI  - [Mechanism of oxygen exchange in the amide group of substrates during their
      hydrolysis catalyzed by leucine aminopeptidase and pepsin].
AB  - Oxygen exchange in the amide group of leucine amide catalyzed by leucine
      aminopeptidase, and in leucyltyrosine amide catalyzed by porcine pepsin, was
      found to proceed mainly by the transfer of the leucyl residue onto the ammonia or
      tyrosine amide which are formed during the hydrolysis. Thus oxygen exchange in
      the non-hydrolyzed substrate can not be a proof of the tetrahedral intermediate
      formation in the course of the catalysis by proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 6435639
TI  - [Kinetics of prostaglandin H2 degradation. A method of determining prostaglandin
      H-convertase activity].
AB  - The quantitative study of the processes that accompany nonenzymatic degradation
      of prostaglandin H2 has been carried out. The thiobarbituric acid test which
      shows the content of malonic dialdehyde in the reaction mixture has been used to
      study kinetics of the degradation. The apparent rate constants of this process
      have been pH-independent over the pH-range 5,5-9,5, and the calculated conversion
      halftime changes from 5,8 to 3,6 min at these pH values. Thromboxane synthetase
      from human platelets has been chosen to demonstrate the possibility of
      application of thiobarbituric acid test for determination of the activity of
      prostaglandin endoperoxide convertase. It has been shown that the apparent rate
      constant of the reaction in the presence of the enzyme is the linear function of
      its concentration.

PMID- 6435640
TI  - [Plasmid vectors with a semi-synthetic beta-galactosidase gene of E. coli].
AB  - A partial synthesis of a structural gene for beta-galactosidase and construction
      of a series of pLZ plasmids for quantitative study of E. coli promoters are
      reported. The gene was assembled of two short synthetic DNAs and of a 3000 bp
      long EcoRI fragment (comprising the lacZ sequence 16-3013) isolated from plasmid
      p198/1 of B. Gronenborn. Among the plasmids constructed, pLZ4 is a promoter-probe
      vector that contains the semi-synthetic gene fused with a synthetic Shine
      Dalgarno sequence and preceded by unique EcoRI and KpnI cleavage sites. On
      cloning a promoter into these sites, its signal strength in vivo could easily be
      measured by assaying beta-galactosidase activity. The use of pLZ4 vector was
      demonstrated by quantifying the effect of T7 early promoters A1 and A2, the
      latter being found 4,5 times more active under the conditions employed.

PMID- 6435641
TI  - Inhibitory effect of IgM rheumatoid factor on immune complex solubilization
      capacity and inhibition of immune precipitation.
AB  - Purified IgM rheumatoid factors (RF; 3 monoclonal and 2 polyclonal) were shown to
      inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, 2 complement-mediated functions, i.e., the
      immune complex solubilization capacity and the inhibition of immune
      precipitation. Inhibition of immune complex solubilization capacity occurred only
      if RF was added at the same time as, but not after, addition of the complement
      source. Experimental evidence suggests that the effects of RFs were not related
      to their anticomplementary activity, but rather required the attachment of RF to
      the Fc region of the IgG molecule. Although no clinical data are available so
      far, it might be plausible that these newly described properties of RF have
      biologic relevance.

PMID- 6435642
TI  - High density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions and apoprotein A-I in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 6435643
TI  - [Lipophilic naphthols and 1,4-naphthoquinones as inhibitors of prostaglandin
      synthesis. 6. Study of 1,4-naphthoquinones].
AB  - A number of plumgagin homologues (2-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones) and their 3-methyl
      derivatives are synthesized to enhance the inhibition of the prostaglandin
      synthetase (PGS)-activity by the natural compound plumbagin and to minimize its
      toxicity. The inhibition of the enzyme activity by the new naphthoquinones is
      only weak but their naphthol precursors are strong PGS-inhibitors. The mechanism
      of this enzyme interaction by the lipophilic naphthol derivatives is discussed in
      context with their singlet oxygen (1O2) reactive properties.

PMID- 6435644
TI  - Effects of isosorbide dinitrate spray on central hemodynamics. Comparison with
      sublingual glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - Effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) spray (Iso Mack Spray) on central
      hemodynamics were determined in comparison to sublingual glyceryl trinitrate
      (nitroglycerin) and ISDN, paying particular attention to their onset and duration
      of action. In nine patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, ISDN
      spray (2 sprays, 2.5 mg) glyceryl trinitrate (TNG, 0.3 mg) and ordinary ISDN
      tablet (5 mg) were administered by the single-blind crossover method under
      hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan-Ganz catheter. Systolic pulmonary artery
      pressure (s-PA), systolic pressure (s-BP) and heart rate were measured every
      minute for 10 min, every 5 min for the subsequent 20 min and thereafter every 15
      to 30 min up to 120 min. Using s-PA as a measure of nitrate action, the onset and
      duration of action as well as the magnitude of change was compared among the
      three drugs. ISDN spray had a quick onset of action (2.67 +/- 2.4 min, mean +/-
      SD) comparable to that of TNG (2.67 +/- 1.00 min), while ISDN spray had a long
      duration of action (57.4 +/- 42.1 min), which was comparable to that of
      sublingual ISDN (85.6 +/- 39.5 min, ns) and was significantly longer than that of
      TNG (11.4 +/- 6.4 min, p less than 0.05). ISDN spray (2.5 mg) showed the same
      hemodynamic changes as were induced by 0.3 mg TNG or 5 mg ISDN. The results of
      this study led us to conclude that ISDN spray is a useful agent which induces the
      abortion of anginal attacks by its quick onset and long duration of action.

PMID- 6435645
TI  - Differential effects of prefrontal lesions and combined prefrontal and limbic
      lesions on subsequent learning performance in the cat.
AB  - On the basis of a previous experiment (Irle & Markowitsch, 1983) in which triple
      limbic lesions as opposed to double limbic lesions in the cat failed to impair
      the learning behavior of these animals, the effects of a lesion in a fourth brain
      structure, in addition to the original ones, were examined. Two groups of cats
      were given lesions in either the prefrontal cortex alone or in the prefrontal
      cortex, the anterior thalamus, the mamillary bodies, and the subiculum and
      subsequently tested in the acquisition of a visual reversal, a delayed
      alternation, and an active two-way avoidance task. Compared with control cats,
      cats with prefrontal lesions were strongly impaired in the acquisition of the
      visual reversal task and the delayed alternation task but only slightly impaired
      in the acquisition of the active two-way avoidance task. In contrast, animals
      with combined prefrontal cortical, anterior thalamic, mamillary, and subicular
      lesions were unimpaired in the acquisition of the visual reversal task, slightly
      facilitated in the acquisition of the active two-way avoidance task, but impaired
      in the acquisition of the delayed alternation task similarly to the animals with
      prefrontal lesions. The superior performance rates of the animals with fourfold
      lesions are considered to be due to a lesion-induced functional shift acting on
      intact brain structures which, prior to massive limbic lesions, remain inhibited
      or otherwise suppressed. The failure of the animals with fourfold lesions in the
      delayed alternation task indicates that the functions underlying this type of
      behavior cannot be compensated for or, alternatively, that a prefrontal lesion is
      not sufficient to disinhibit other structures involved in the same behavior.

PMID- 6435646
TI  - Stimulus equivalence after inferior temporal lesions in monkeys.
AB  - Monkeys with inferior temporal cortex lesions and unoperated monkeys were trained
      to discriminate pairs of objects and then tested for transfer after the original
      discriminanda were made larger or smaller, rotated, or presented as two
      dimensional projections. The two groups of monkeys transferred equally well to
      the discriminanda altered in size or orientation, but only the unoperated animals
      transferred to the two-dimensional representation.

PMID- 6435647
TI  - Vascular changes in placentae from cases of materno-fetal rhesus incompatibility.
AB  - Three placentae from cases of materno-fetal Rhesus incompatibility have been
      studied electron microscopically. An abnormal villous vascular arrangement with
      dilated capillaries and newly formed vessels and stromal edema were the most
      characteristic findings. Syncytiotrophoblastic trophic changes and focal
      thickening of the trophoblast basement membrane were also found. It is suggested
      that placental changes observed in Rh incompatibility could be related to
      endothelial cell damage.

PMID- 6435648
TI  - [Aicardi syndrome in one of dizygotic twins].

PMID- 6435649
TI  - [A family of von Recklinghausen's disease associated with bilateral acoustic
      neurinomas and falx meningiomas].
AB  - A familial or inherited occurrence of von Recklinghausen's disease has been
      reported hitherto, some of which were associated with intracranial tumors such as
      gliomas, neurinomas, meningiomas or others. Authers report a family (case 1:
      father, case 2: son, case 3: daughter) of von Recklinghausen's disease associated
      with both bilateral acoustic neurinomas and falx meningioma. Case 1. A 41 year
      old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of bilateral hearing
      disturbance, headache and loss of visual acuity. On admission, neurological
      examination revealed left papilledema, right cataracta, impairment of bilateral
      cranial nerves V, IX, X, bilateral deafness, cerebellar ataxia, motor weakness of
      lower extremities and sensory disturbance of peripheral region of extremities.
      Twelve subcutaneous nodules were noted over the entire body and Cafe-au-lait
      spots were found slightly to be scattered over the chest and the back. Craniogram
      and vertebral angiography demonstrated bilateral CP angle tumors, and the
      diagnosis of bilateral acoustic neurinomas was made. Subtotal removal of
      bilateral tumors and Torkildsen's shunting were carried out. Histological
      diagnosis was neurinoma. Post-operative course was good. But 6 years later, he
      complained of gait disturbance. Computed tomography revealed falx meningioma in
      the frontal lobe and recurrence of bilateral acoustic neurinomas. So meningioma
      was totally removed. Eight months after surgery he died of aspiration pneumonia
      aged 47. Case 2. A 15 year-old male, son of case 1, was admitted with complaints
      of bilateral deafness, gait disturbance and visual disturbance. Neurological
      examination disclosed left papilledema, right congenital cataracta, impairment of
      bilateral cranial nerves V, IX, X, ataxic gait and sensory disturbance of right
      lower extremity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435650
TI  - The cost of general dental service treatment provided for dentate adults in
      Scotland.

PMID- 6435651
TI  - Prevention of intracranial hypertension during laryngoscopy and endotracheal
      intubation. Use of a second dose of thiopentone.
AB  - In nine patients, with preoperative ICP monitoring, anaesthesia was induced with
      thiopentone 5 mg kg-1 given over 1 min, followed by pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1.
      After manual hyperventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen for 3 min they were
      given thiopentone 2.5 mg kg-1 over 30 s (phase 1); 30 s later laryngoscopy was
      performed and topical analgesia administered to the larynx. Endotracheal
      intubation was performed 1 min after spraying the cords (phase 2). The
      measurements continued for a further 5 min during which the patients were
      mechanically ventilated (phase 3). ICP and intra-arterial pressure were recorded.
      Although there was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in MAP at the end of
      the second dose of thiopentone, there were no other significant changes in ICP,
      MAP or PaCO2 throughout the study. In two patients there were transient decreases
      in cerebral perfusion pressure to less than 60 mm Hg. Although MAP increased in
      five of the patients during laryngoscopy and intubation, there was no increase in
      ICP, showing that the MAP was still within the autoregulatory limits.

PMID- 6435652
TI  - A sheep preparation for studying interactions between blood flow and drug
      disposition. III: Effects of general and spinal anaesthesia on regional blood
      flow and oxygen tensions.
AB  - In awake unrestrained sheep the infusions i.v. of five drugs (cefoxitin,
      pethidine, chlormethiazole, tocainide and lignocaine) with potentially flow
      limited clearance were shown to have no significant haemodynamic effects of their
      own, nor to have any effects on arterial or venous oxygen tensions. Under general
      anaesthesia (1.5% end-tidal halothane), haemodynamic changes similar to those
      previously documented in man occurred. Cardiac output and hepatic blood flow were
      decreased to 70%, and renal blood flow to 50% of control values; heart rate was
      unchanged and mean arterial pressure decreased by an average of 10%. Hepatic and
      renal vein oxygen tensions were decreased significantly. Under spinal
      anaesthesia, apart from a 10% decrease in hepatic blood flow, there were no
      significant changes in any haemodynamic variables or in the arterial or in any of
      the venous oxygen tensions. The i.v. infusion of adequate volumes of saline at
      the time of blockade probably contributed to the maintenance of these indices at
      their baseline values.

PMID- 6435653
TI  - Pituitary secretion after administration of a new cerebroactive drug, fipexide.
AB  - The effect of a single oral dose of 400 mg fipexide on pituitary secretion was
      investigated in 10 elderly non-endocrine patients. Fipexide induced significant
      decrease (P less than 0.05) in serum prolactin (PRL) values at 90 and 120 min
      after drug administration, without affecting serum growth hormone (GH),
      gonadotropin (LH and FSH), thyrotropin (TSH) and cortisol values. Fipexide was
      unable to modify metoclopramide-induced PRL release in five of these patients.
      Our results show that this drug acts as a mild dopamine (DA) agonist, probably
      not directly affecting hypothalamic and/or pituitary DA receptors but indirectly
      via a reduced DA re-uptake at the pre-synaptic level.

PMID- 6435654
TI  - A comparative study of the relative enzyme inducing properties of anticonvulsant
      drugs in epileptic patients.
AB  - The antipyrine clearance and the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (D-GA) were
      determined in 122 patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant drug treatment and in
      21 drug-free control subjects. Patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ),
      phenytoin (DPH), primidone (PMD) and phenobarbitone (PB), either alone or in
      combination, showed higher values of antipyrine clearance and excreted larger
      amounts of D-GA as compared to controls. While antipyrine clearance values did
      not differ significantly from one drug group to another, D-GA excretion was
      significantly higher in patients treated with CBZ than in those treated with DPH.
      In patients treated with sodium valproate antipyrine clearance did not differ
      from control values. There was a trend for D-GA excretion to be higher in these
      patients but the difference was not statistically significant. Significant
      positive correlations were found between the dosage of CBZ, DPH, PMD and PB and
      both indices of enzyme induction. These data demonstrate a dose-dependent degree
      of enzyme induction in patients receiving therapeutic doses of these
      anticonvulsants. The relative potency at average dose levels for antipyrine
      clearance was PB (1), DPH (0.92), CBZ (0.84), PMD (0.82) and for log D-GA
      excretion was PB (1), CBZ (0.96), PMD (0.95), DPH (0.90).

PMID- 6435655
TI  - Electrophysiological aspects of benzodiazepine antagonists, Ro 15-1788 and Ro 15
      3505.
AB  - The comparative action of two specific benzodiazepine antagonists, Ro 15-1788 and
      Ro 15-3505 was examined in six healthy volunteers. Medication was given i.v. in a
      double-blind cross over pattern, and EEG was recorded throughout each
      experimental session. Ten minutes after the injection of one of the antagonists
      or placebo, midazolam was injected in incremental doses until first signs of
      drowsiness appeared in the EEG. The EEG was computer analyzed, using adaptive
      segmentation and time-dependent clustering. Continuous power profiles for various
      frequency bands, as well as power ratios for the physiological frequency bands
      (e.g. sigma/alpha power ratio) were generated. It has been found that sigma/alpha
      power ratio was the most sensitive parameter detecting early effects of midazolam
      on the EEG signal, thus enabling a semi-quantitative titration of the antagonists
      by midazolam. Ro 15-1788 in doses of 5 mg i.v. was counteracted on average by 7.3
      mg midazolam. From the EEG analysis it has been found that Ro 15-3505 was at
      least 4-5 times more potent than Ro 15-1788.

PMID- 6435656
TI  - Fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids. An introduction.

PMID- 6435657
TI  - On the essentiality of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 6435658
TI  - Fatty acids in fish oils and their analysis by gas chromatography.

PMID- 6435659
TI  - Dietary fatty acids in the UK.

PMID- 6435660
TI  - The background and origins of omega-3 nutrition.

PMID- 6435661
TI  - Fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolism.

PMID- 6435662
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism.

PMID- 6435663
TI  - A GP's use of omega-3 lipids in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6435664
TI  - The effects of theophylline and salbutamol on right and left ventricular function
      in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
AB  - We have compared the effects of oral theophylline and salbutamol on right and
      left ventricular function in twelve patients with chronic bronchitis and
      emphysema. Right and left ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF and LVEF) were
      measured using multiple gated radionuclide ventriculography. Theophylline 600 mg
      and salbutamol 4 mg both produced increases in RVEF and LVEF. There were no
      significant changes in blood gases after either drug. The clinical significance
      of the effects of oral bronchodilators on cardiac function in patients with
      chronic bronchitis and emphysema has yet to be determined.

PMID- 6435665
TI  - The influence of transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage on
      arterial blood gas changes occurring in patients with diffuse interstitial lung
      disease.
AB  - Serial arterial blood gases were measured during fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 26
      patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease. All those having transbronchial
      biopsy with or without bronchoalveolar lavage, performed breathing room air,
      showed significant falls in PaO2, at the time of passage of the bronchoscope
      through the vocal cords both at the beginning and end of the procedure. Patients
      having bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy performed with
      supplementary oxygen at least maintained their basal PaO2 levels. Cessation of
      the supplementary oxygen 30 minutes after withdrawal of the bronchoscope did not
      result in rebound hypoxaemia. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy
      can be performed safely in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease
      without significant hypoxaemia developing, if oxygen is started before the
      procedure and continued for 30 minutes after withdrawal of the bronchoscope.

PMID- 6435666
TI  - IgA anti-endomysium antibody. A new immunological marker of dermatitis
      herpetiformis and coeliac disease.
AB  - The recently described IgA anti-endomysial antibodies (IgA-EmA) are directed
      against the intermyofibril substance of the smooth muscle, which may correspond
      either to a reticulin-like structure or a surface component of smooth muscle
      fibrils. These antibodies occurred in about 80% of sera of thirty-eight patients
      with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), in about 70% of twenty-eight patients with
      coeliac disease and in about 20% of nine patients with other enteropathies. IgG
      class anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) also occur in each of these diseases. Both
      antibodies were detected on monkey oesophagus by immunofluorescence. The IgA-EmA
      could not be detected in 122 control sera from patients with other gut or skin
      diseases, including fifteen cases with ulcerative colitis and fifteen cases with
      linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD). The presence and the titre of IgA-EmA and
      AGA paralleled the severity of the jejunal changes in patients with coeliac
      disease.

PMID- 6435667
TI  - Intraventricular haemorrhage--timing of occurrence and relationship to perinatal
      events.
AB  - A total of 150 infants born at or before 34 weeks gestation had serial cranial
      ultrasound scans at age 8, 16, 24, 36, 48 h and 1 week. The overall incidence of
      IVH was 26%, but for infants less than 1500 g it was 51% and 50% of all
      haemorrhages were first detected in the first 8 h of life. Low-outlet forceps
      delivery and caesarean section offered some protection, but umbilical cord blood
      gas analysis did not support the hypothesis that hypoxia was causal. Respiratory
      distress and its complications were significantly associated with IVH. The more
      severe haemorrhages occurred in the less mature infants. The overall mortality in
      the study was 27% for the IVH group and 1.8% for the non-IVH group.

PMID- 6435668
TI  - Effect of delays in collection or analysis on the results of umbilical cord blood
      measurements.
AB  - Changes in umbilical cord blood pH, PO2 and PCO2 were measured when blood was
      stored in preheparinized polyethylene syringes in the refrigerator for up to 6 h
      after delivery, and when there was delayed sampling up to 1 h after delivery from
      umbilical cord segments left at room temperature. Blood stored in the
      refrigerator usually showed a decrease in pH and increases in PO2 and PCO2, but
      the mean rates of change were small: -0.005 units/h for pH; +0.06 kPa/h for PCO2
      and +0.03 kPa/h for PO2. Changes in the three variables in blood collected from
      umbilical cords up to 1 h after delivery were small and not systematic. Much of
      the variation was within the limits of accuracy of the ABL-3 (Radiometer) blood
      gas analyser. The results showed that while immediate collection and analysis of
      umbilical cord blood is advisable for the greatest accuracy, it is not essential.
      As long as the delay is not excessive, the results can still be used as a useful
      guide to the biochemical condition of an infant at birth.

PMID- 6435669
TI  - Cleavage of DNA with methidiumpropyl-EDTA-iron(II): reaction conditions and
      product analyses.
AB  - The synthesis of methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE) is described. The binding affinities
      of MPE, MPE.Ni(II), and MPE.Mg(II) to calf thymus DNA are 2.4 X 10(4) M-1, 1.5 X
      10(5) M-1, and 1.2 X 10(5) M-1, respectively, in 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.4. The binding
      site size is two base pairs. MPE.Mg(II) unwinds PM2 DNA 11 +/- 3 degrees per
      bound molecule. MPE.Fe(II) in the presence of O2 efficiently cleaves DNA and with
      low sequence specificity. Reducing agents significantly enhance the efficiency of
      the cleavage reaction in the order sodium ascorbate greater than dithiothreitol
      greater than NADPH. At concentrations of 0.1-0.01 microM in MPE.Fe(II) and 10
      microM in DNA base pairs, optimum ascorbate and dithiothreitol concentrations for
      DNA cleavage are 1-5 mM. Efficient cleavage of DNA (10 microM in base pairs) with
      MPE.Fe(II) (0.1-0.01 microM) occurs over a pH range of 7-10 with the optimum at
      7.4 (Tris-HCl buffer). The optimum cleavage time is 3.5 h (22 degrees C). DNA
      cleavage is efficient in a Na+ ion concentration range of 5 mM to 1 M, with the
      optimum at 5 mM NaCl. The number of single-strand scissions on supercoiled DNA
      per MPE.Fe(II) under optimum conditions is 1.4. Metals such as Co(II), Mg(II),
      Ni(II), and Zn(II) inhibit strand scission by MPE. The released products from DNA
      cleavage by MPE.Fe(II) are the four nucleotide bases. The DNA termini at the
      cleavage site are 5'-phosphate and roughly equal proportions of 3'-phosphate and
      3'-(phosphoglycolic acid). The products are consistent with the oxidative
      degradation of the deoxyribose ring of the DNA backbone, most likely by hydroxy
      radical.

PMID- 6435670
TI  - Solvent proton magnetic resonance dispersion in protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase
      and complexes with 3-halo-4-hydroxybenzoate inhibitors.
AB  - Solvent proton nuclear magnetic dispersion studies at 25, 100, and 300 MHz have
      been performed on protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD) and its complexes with 3
      chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate and 3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoate. Longitudinal and
      transverse relaxation rates were measured for these compounds and for the
      apoenzyme. The paramagnetic enhancement of solvent T1 is interpreted in terms of
      dominant dipole-dipole relaxation of fast-exchanging solvent protons with a
      negligible contribution from outer sphere relaxation and an electronic spin
      relaxation time of 0.5 ns for the high-spin ferric ion. A discrepancy between the
      observed T2 at 300 MHz and that calculated by assuming the usual dipolar
      relaxation provides evidence for an additional Curie-spin dipolar or hyperfine
      interaction between the proton and iron. Quantitation of the additional
      relaxivity provides an estimated chemical exchange lifetime of 0.1-0.14
      microseconds, which suggests proton exchange by a hydroxide ligand. Proton-to
      iron distances are 2.7-3.1 A in PCD and lengthen to 3.6-4.1 A in the
      halohydroxybenzoate complexes.

PMID- 6435671
TI  - Rearrangement of nucleosomal components by modification of histone amino groups.
      Structural role of lysine residues.
AB  - Modification of nucleosomal particles from chicken erythrocytes with the reagents
      for protein amino groups acetic and dimethylmaleic anhydrides causes a
      rearrangement of nucleosomal components. Treatment with both reagents is
      accompanied by liberation of free DNA and formation of residual particles with
      anomalous histone composition. The residual particles obtained with acetic
      anhydride contain an excess of histones corresponding to the free DNA produced.
      In contrast, dimethylmaleic anhydride causes release of histones H1, H5, H2A and
      H2B and formation of residual particles deficient in these histones but
      containing an excess of H3 and H4 corresponding to the liberated DNA.
      Regeneration of the modified amino groups of nucleosomal preparations treated
      with dimethylmaleic anhydride is accompanied by reconstitution of nucleosomal
      particles with the sedimentation coefficient and composition of core histones of
      the original nucleosomes. This reconstitution does not occur when the released
      fraction containing histones H2A and H2B and free DNA is separated from the
      residual particles. The studied disassembly of nucleosomal particles obtained by
      specifically blocking lysine-DNA interactions with these reagents appears to
      indicate that lysine residues are essential for the binding of DNA to histones
      with formation of nucleosomal particles.

PMID- 6435672
TI  - Contribution of histones H2A and H2B to the folding of nucleosomal DNA.
AB  - We have studied the structural properties of nucleosomal particles deficient in
      histones H2A and H2B produced by modification of histone amino groups with
      dimethylmaleic anhydride [Jordano, J., Montero, F., & Palacian, E. (1984)
      Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Digestion with DNase I of residual
      particles containing only 15% of the original H2A . H2B complement produces only
      discrete DNA fragments no longer than 70 nucleotides. As compared with the
      original nucleosomes, thermal denaturation of the residual particles shows a
      decrease from 140 to about 90 in the number of nucleotide base pairs per particle
      that melt at the highest temperature transition as well as a drop in the
      temperature of this transition. Circular dichroism spectra of the residual
      particles give ellipticity values around 275 nm, much higher than those
      corresponding to the control nucleosomes, which appears to indicate a loss in the
      compact DNA tertiary structure. When regeneration of the modified amino groups of
      the residual particles takes place in the presence of the complementary fraction
      containing histones H2A and H2B, but not in its absence, nucleosomal particles
      with the structural properties of the original nucleosomes are reconstituted.
      Therefore, the structural change observed in the residual particles can be
      assigned to the lack of histones H2A and H2B and not to the modified amino groups
      of the histones present in the residual particles. The results are consistent
      with the stabilization by histones H2A and H2B of a DNA length of 50-70 base
      pairs per nucleosome.

PMID- 6435673
TI  - The effect of alpha, alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene on
      human blood platelet structural physiology.
AB  - alpha, alpha'-Bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene enhances human
      blood platelet membrane integrity by exerting a stabilizing action at the level
      of the dense tubular system in surface membrane complexes known to sequester
      platelet calcium.

PMID- 6435674
TI  - Phosphatidic acid as a calcium ionophore in large unilamellar vesicle systems.
AB  - The ionophoretic capabilities of dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) for
      transporting calcium across phospholipid bilayers have been investigated. Calcium
      uptake by large unilamellar vesicles is shown to depend on the presence of DOPA.
      This uptake is sensitive to the nature and concentration of calcium chelators in
      the vesicle interior, indicating that accumulation results from DOPA-mediated
      translocation of calcium across the membrane. Further, it is shown that
      characteristics of DOPA-mediated Ca2+ uptake are similar to those observed for
      the fungal calcium ionophore, A23187.

PMID- 6435675
TI  - Kinetic study on the slow inhibition of epidermis tyrosinase by m-coumaric acid.
AB  - The inhibition by m-coumaric acid of oxidation of L-dopa by epidermis tyrosinase
      (monophenol,dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) is
      characterized by a prolonged transient phase. Kinetic data correspond to that for
      a postulated mechanism that involves rapid formation of a reduced enzyme-m
      coumaric acid complex that subsequently undergoes a relatively slow reversible
      reaction. An overall inhibition constant for m-coumaric acid of 0.05 mM was
      calculated. The value of the Ki for the dissociation of m-coumaric acid from the
      rapidly formed complex was calculated as 0.53 mM. The first-order rate constants
      for the slow isomerization of the enzyme-inhibitor complex were calculated as 3.0
      +/- 0.1 min-1 for the forward step and 0.31 +/- 0.06 min-1 for the reverse step.

PMID- 6435676
TI  - Effect of chemical modification on the cryoprecipitation of monoclonal human
      cryoglobulin M.
AB  - The effect of the chemical modification of lysine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine,
      tryptophan residues and carboxylic groups on the cryoproperties of monoclonal
      human cryoglobulin M has been studied. The modification of 35-40 lysine residues
      and that of 42-45 arginine residues in the molecule of cryo-IgM has been shown to
      result in practically complete inhibition of the cryoprecipitation. The same
      effect is observed on the modification of 60 histidine residues per molecule and
      on modification of 50 or 51 carboxylic groups. At the same time the modification
      of practically all the reagent-exposed tryptophan (10 residues per molecule) and
      tyrosine residues (55 residues per molecule) does not lead to any noticeable
      decrease in the cryoprecipitation. The conformations of the modified and native
      proteins are identical according to the circular dichroism data.

PMID- 6435677
TI  - The relationship of bovine intermediate filament proteins. A comparative analysis
      of glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin and the neurofilament 70 kDa protein.
AB  - Three bovine intermediate filament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein,
      desmin and the 70 kDa component of the neurofilament are compared by cleavage at
      cysteine and tryptophan. The results of these experiments show that the
      difference in molecular weight between the glial fibrillary acidic protein and
      desmin is due to a longer portion of the desmin amino terminal to the tryptophan.
      On the other hand, the 70 kDa protein contains a carboxy terminal addition. The
      tryptophan and cysteine contents of these proteins are also determined by amino
      acid analysis. Differences in the apparent amount of cysteine determined by these
      methods in the glial fibrillary acidic protein and 70 kDa proteins are discussed.
      Interchain disulfide bonds result in the formation of dimers in glial fibrillary
      acidic protein. The bovine 70 kDa neurofilament protein and desmin also form
      dimers under nonreducing conditions. This emphasizes the structural similarity of
      these intermediate filament proteins.

PMID- 6435678
TI  - Purification and characterization of a basic 23 kDa cytosolic protein from bovine
      brain.
AB  - A soluble basic protein has been purified from bovine brain. It is constituted by
      a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 23 kDa and an
      isoelectric point of about 8.6. The protein was further characterized by its
      amino-acid composition and by a 39 amino-acid-long N-terminal sequence. Sequence
      homologies were demonstrated with some other cytosolic proteins. Ligand-binding
      assays revealed a significant affinity of the 23 kDa protein for
      bromosulfophthalein. Immunochemical analysis using a rabbit anti 23 kDa brain
      protein antiserum demonstrated its simultaneous presence in bovine liver as well
      as in soluble extracts from different origins (mouse and rat brain; human
      platelets).

PMID- 6435679
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine as a source of diacylglycerols in neuronal nuclei incubated
      in the presence of EGTA and CMP.
AB  - A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1), isolated from immature rabbit cerebral cortex,
      was preincubated with 1-[14C]palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine and oleoyl
      CoA. Most of the radioactivity was recovered in N1 phosphatidylcholine, and
      subsequent incubations in the presence of EGTA and CMP indicated an increase in
      radioactivity in N1 diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol which was matched by a
      decline in the labelling of N1 phosphatidylcholine. N1 phosphatidylcholine was
      also prelabelled using [14C]oleate and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine in
      vitro, or by intrathecal injection of [3H]oleate prior to N1 isolation. In the
      following incubations with EGTA and CMP there was a good correspondence between
      the radioactive decline in N1 phosphatidylcholine and the increase in
      radioactivity in N1 diacylglycerol. In all these experiments the generation of
      radioactive diacylglycerol depended upon the presence of EGTA and CMP in the
      incubations and could be largely inhibited by the addition of CDP-choline. During
      the prelabelling procedures noted above, other complex lipids had less of the
      total radioactivity than phosphatidylcholine and showed little or no decline in
      radioactivity in the presence of EGTA and CMP. In N1 preincubations with
      [14C]oleate and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine could be
      more highly labelled than phosphatidylcholine, but in subsequent incubations with
      EGTA and CMP no decline was seen in phosphatidylethanolamine radioactivity. It is
      concluded that the back reaction of cholinephosphotransferase in N1 represents an
      active route for the production of diacylglycerols bearing palmitate and/or
      oleate.

PMID- 6435680
TI  - Calcium interactions in pulmonary surfactant.
AB  - The surfactant properties of natural bovine pulmonary surfactant, its lipid
      extracts and acetone precipitates of lipid extracts have been examined with an
      artificial alveolus model, the pulsating-bubble surfactometer. At bulk
      concentrations of 0.4% (wt./vol.) phospholipid in saline, all three preparations
      exhibited surfactant activity, i.e., were capable of reducing the surface tension
      of the pulsating bubble to approx. 27 dynes/cm at maximum bubble radius and to
      near zero at minimum bubble radius. At a concentration of 0.1% (wt./vol.) in
      saline, only natural surfactant was effective. Acetone-precipitated surfactant at
      0.1% (wt./vol.) achieved these criteria in the presence of 5 mM calcium, but 15
      20 mM calcium was required to restore the surfactant activity of lipid extract
      surfactant. Chemical analysis revealed that lipid extraction decreases the
      protein content but does not alter the endogenous calcium levels. A calcium
      requirement for natural surfactant could only be demonstrated after repeated
      treatment with chelators for divalent cations. Surfactant activity was restored
      by low levels of calcium or high levels of magnesium. Paradoxically, a calcium
      requirement could not be demonstrated by treating acetone-precipitated lipid
      extract with chelators. The subtle differences noted between natural, lipid
      extract and acetone-precipitated lipid extract surfactant with the pulsating
      bubble assay show that the latter preparations do not represent simplified model
      systems for the natural product.

PMID- 6435681
TI  - Release of arachidonic acid from 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a
      precursor of platelet-activating factor, in rat alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Platelet activating factor and the bioactive metabolites of arachidonic acid are
      secreted by alveolar macrophages in response to stimulation by phagocytic agents
      or calcium ionophore. We have previously shown a deacylation-acetylation sequence
      in the formation of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAF) from
      alkylacyl-(long chain)-GPC (Albert, D.H. and Snyder, F. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 97-102). This sequence may be an important source of 20:4 during
      inflammatory reactions since, in alveolar macrophages, the ether lipid precursor
      of PAF represents 35% of the choline glycerophospholipids and has a much higher
      content (35%) of 20:4 in the sn-2 position than does diacyl-GPC (17%). Alveolar
      macrophages prelabeled with 14C-labeled fatty acids (16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4)
      and [1-3H]alkyllyso-GPC were used to study the release of fatty acids from ether
      linked and diacyl phospholipids. Each of these fatty acids was incorporated
      primarily into the choline glycerophospholipids of alveolar macrophages. The
      release of 20:4 from macrophage phospholipids was increased by treatment of the
      labeled cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 (2 microM) or zymosan (1 mg/ml),
      whereas the release of 16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 was not increased above control levels
      by either stimuli. Although more of the labeled 20:4 is released from the diacyl
      GPC (50% of the total released), substantial amounts (44%) of 20:4 are derived
      from alkylacyl-GPC after incubating the stimulated cells for 60 min. The loss of
      20:4 continued from the diacyl species throughout the incubation period studied,
      whereas a slower net release of 20:4 lost from the alkylacyl-GPC fraction was
      evident after 2 h. We conclude that the deacylation-reacylation cycle is an
      important aspect of the metabolism of 20:4 and alkylacyl-GPC during inflammatory
      stimulation of alveolar macrophages and that the deacylation of this ether-linked
      phospholipid (which is the first step in the formation of PAF) is responsible for
      a significant amount of the 20:4 released.

PMID- 6435682
TI  - Partial purification of a water-soluble liver protein that regulates adenylate
      cyclase activity (basal, hormone- and cholera-toxin-activated) and cholera-toxin
      catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of the membrane G protein.
AB  - We have found in water-soluble extracts of rat liver (and RL-PR-C cloned rat
      hepatocytes), prepared in the absence of detergent, a factor that markedly
      enhances basal, isoproterenol and cholera toxin activation of adenylate cyclase
      of rigorously washed hepatocyte membranes, in the absence of added GTP. The
      factor, which has characteristics of a protein with an Mr of approx. 35000, has
      been fractionated from crude cytosol by gel filtration, and then further purified
      over 50-fold by sequential ion-exchange chromatography. The site of action of the
      protein appears to be at the level of the guanine nucleotide regulatory (G)
      protein of the plasma membrane adenylate cyclase complex, as the factor,
      cooperatively with GTP, also permitted cholera toxin to ADP-ribosylate (from 32P
      labeled NAD) two integral membrane proteins that migrated on SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis gels with the mobilities (Mr approx. 46 000 and 48 000)
      generally observed for the guanine nucleotide regulator protein subunits. In this
      system, isoproterenol did not stimulate ADP-ribosylation, in either the presence
      or absence of the liver protein factor.

PMID- 6435683
TI  - Acylureas: a new class of barbiturate-like bacterial cytochrome P-450 inducers.
AB  - The soluble, cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid monooxygenase of Bacillus
      megaterium ATCC 14581 is induced by phenobarbital and at least twelve other
      barbiturates (Kim, B.-H. and Fulco, A.J. (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
      116, 843-850). We have since found that the inducer potency of phenobarbital and
      of six other of these barbiturates was enhanced by adding them to the growth
      medium prior to sterilization by autoclaving. A similar 'activation' was effected
      simply by autoclaving these barbiturates in distilled water at pH 8.0. When the
      hydrolytic products resulting from such treatment of phenobarbital were
      identified and screened for inducer activity, the major product, 2
      phenylbutyrylurea, was found to be 3-5-times more potent than phenobarbital
      itself. The racemic mixture, (+/-)-2-phenylbutyrylurea was somewhat more active
      as an inducer than was either of the enantiomers [+/-) or (-] tested singly. Of
      the other hydrolytic products of phenobarbital, only 2-phenylbutyramide had
      significant inducer activity (about the same as phenobarbital). Among other
      ureides tested, two monosubstituted acetylureas (phenylacetylurea and
      dodecanoylurea) were inactive as inducers, but six of seven disubstituted
      acetylureas were better inducers than 2-phenylbutyrylurea.

PMID- 6435684
TI  - Isolation of tissue-type plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes from human
      plasma. Evidence for a rapid plasminogen activator inhibitor.
AB  - Plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and enzymography. The complexes appeared as fibrinolytically
      active bands in the fibrin-indicator gel. A high-molecular-weight t-PA form
      comigrating with a t-PA-inhibitor complex (Mr 95 000-135 000) from cultured human
      endothelial cells was purified from plasma by immunoadsorption on anti-t-PA
      Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The high-molecular-weight
      t-PA form was fibrinolytically inactive when assayed by the fibrin-plate method.
      It was converted to a form with the same electrophoretic mobility as t-PA (Mr 72
      000) when treated with 1.5 M NH4OH/39 mM SDS. These observations suggested that
      the plasma high-molecular-weight t-PA form was an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The
      complex did not show immunological cross-reactivity with a number of known plasma
      serine proteinase inhibitors. Both t-PA and u-PA rapidly formed complexes with an
      inhibitor which was present in plasma in pmolar concentrations. p
      Aminobenzamidine blocked the reaction, indicating that the active center of the
      activator was indeed implicated in complex formation. The complex between the
      plasma inhibitor and t-PA and the high-molecular-weight t-PA had the same
      electrophoretic mobilities. The rapid plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma
      showed remarkable similarity to a plasminogen activator inhibitor from cultured
      human endothelial cells. In addition to the high-molecular-weight t-PA form
      described above, three other t-PA forms were isolated from plasma. Our results
      indicated that they represented free t-PA and t-PA in complex with respectively
      C1-esterase inhibitor and alpha 2-antiplasmin.

PMID- 6435685
TI  - Calcium-dependent aggregation of human serum amyloid P component. Inhibition by
      the cyclic 4,6-pyruvate acetal of galactose.
AB  - Serum amyloid P component is a normal plasma glycoprotein which is the precursor
      of amyloid P component, a minor but universal constituent of amyloid deposits.
      When isolated human P component is exposed to free ionised Ca2+ it aggregates and
      precipitates. This phenomenon is completely inhibited by the presence of 10(-4)
      10(-2) M methyl 4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, a recently
      synthesised specific ligand for amyloid P component. This observation suggests
      that the autoaggregation of human amyloid P component involves the Ca2+ dependent
      specific ligand binding property of P component, but does not distinguish between
      receptor-site-mediated and allosteric mechanisms.

PMID- 6435686
TI  - Activation of bovine platelets induced by long-chain unsaturated fatty acids at
      just below their lytic concentrations, and its mechanism.
AB  - The effects of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid on bovine
      platelets were examined. Not only linoleic acid, but also oleic and linolenic
      acid, at just below the concentrations causing marked cell lysis, induced an
      absorbance decrease of the platelet suspension in the presence of Ca2+. Since
      this absorbance decrease was reversed by the addition of EDTA and moreover
      aggregate formation was found by macroscopic and microscopic observation, it was
      concluded that unsaturated fatty acids at just below their lytic concentrations
      caused platelet aggregation. Unsaturated fatty acids also caused release of
      adenine nucleotides, but there was a lag time between the release and the
      aggregation, just as with ADP-induced release, suggesting that the aggregation
      was independent of the release of ADP. It was revealed that this activation of
      platelets by unsaturated fatty acids was caused by marked Ca2+ uptake into the
      cytoplasm, resulting from significant membrane perturbation.

PMID- 6435687
TI  - Purification and properties of a fibrinogenase from the venom of Naja
      nigricollis.
AB  - A fibrinogenolytic proteinase from the venom of Naja nigricollis was purified by
      chromatography on Bio-Rex 70 and Phenyl-Sepharose. The purified enzyme,
      designated proteinase F1, was homogeneous by the criterion of SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, and consisted of a single chain with a molecular weight of
      58,000. Purified proteinase F1 had approximately 15-fold more proteinase activity
      than the crude venom, based on its ability to inactivate alpha 2-macroglobulin.
      The enzyme acted on only the A alpha-chain of fibrinogen and left the B beta- and
      gamma-chains intact. The pH optimum for this fibrinogenolytic activity was in the
      range of pH 8 to 10. In addition to its activity on fibrinogen, proteinase F1 was
      active on alpha 2-macroglobulin and fibrinonectin, but did not degrade casein,
      hemoglobin or bovine serum albumin. The enzyme was not inhibited by inhibitors of
      serine proteinases, cysteine proteinases or acid proteinases, but only by the
      metalloproteinase inhibitor, EDTA. The inhibition by EDTA could be prevented by
      Zn2+, but not by Ca2+ or Mg2+.

PMID- 6435688
TI  - Human endothelial cells produce a plasminogen activator inhibitor and a tissue
      type plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex.
AB  - Serum-free conditioned media and cell extracts from cultured human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells were analyzed for plasminogen activator by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and enzymography on fibrin-indicator gels. Active bands of
      free and complexed tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase-type
      plasminogen activator (u-PA) were identified by the incorporation of specific
      antibodies against, respectively, t-PA or u-PA in the indicator gel. The
      endothelial cells predominantly released a high-molecular-weight t-PA (95 000-135
      000). This t-PA form was converted to Mr-72 000 t-PA by 1.5 M NH4OH/39 mM SDS. A
      component with high affinity for both t-PA and u-PA could be demonstrated in
      serum-free conditioned medium and endothelial cell extract. The complex between
      this component and Mr-72 000 t-PA comigrated with high-molecular-weight t-PA.
      From the increase in Mr of t-PA or u-PA upon complex formation, the Mr of the
      endothelial cell component was estimated to be 50 000-70 000. The reaction
      between t-PA or u-PA and the plasminogen activator-binding component was blocked
      by 5 mM p-aminobenzamidine, while the complexes, once formed, could be cleaved by
      1.5 M NH4OH/39 mM SDS. These observations indicated that the active center of
      plasminogen activator was involved in the complex formation. It was further noted
      that serum-free conditioned medium or endothelial cell extract inhibited
      plasminogen activator activity when assayed by the fibrin-plate method. Evidence
      is provided that the plasminogen activator-binding component was different from a
      number of the known plasma serine proteinase inhibitors, the placenta inhibitor
      and the fibroblast surface protein, proteinase-nexin. We conclude that cultured
      endothelial cells produce a rapid inhibitor of u-PA and t-PA as well as a t-PA
      inhibitor complex.

PMID- 6435689
TI  - Studies on the metabolic effects of methylthioformycin.
AB  - 5'-Methylthioformycin, a structural analog of 5'-methylthioadenosine in which the
      N-C glycosidic bond is substituted by a C-C bond, has been synthesized by a newly
      developed procedure. Membrane permeability of the molecule has been compared to
      that of methylthioadenosine in intact human erythrocytes and Friend
      erythroleukemia cells. The formycinyl compound is taken up with a rate
      significantly lower than that of 5'-methylthioadenosine and is not metabolized by
      the cells. 5'-Methylthioformycin inhibits Friend erythroleukemia cells' growth:
      the effect is dose-dependent, fully reversible and not caused by cytotoxicity.
      Several enzymes related to methylthioadenosine metabolism are inhibited by
      methylthioformycin. Rat liver methylthioadenosine phosphorylase is competitively
      inhibited with a Ki value of 2 microM. Among the propylamine transferases tested
      only rat brain spermine synthase is significantly inhibited, while rat brain
      spermidine synthase is less sensitive. Rat liver S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase
      is irreversibly inactivated with 50% inhibition at 400 microM methylthioformycin.
      5'-Methylthioformycin does not exert any significant effect on protein carboxyl-O
      methyltransferase. Inferences about the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect
      of the drug have been drawn from the above results.

PMID- 6435690
TI  - [DNA conformation and thermostability of aqueous solutions of beta-alanine and
      gamma-aminobutyric acid].
AB  - It has been shown that at low concentrations of rare amino acids (from 10(-3) M
      to 10(-1) M of the substance) stechiometric complexes amino acid -- DNA are
      formed, which bring about partial substitution of counterions screening phosphate
      groups and to a change of spatial structure of DNA water molecules. The DNA
      solvent molecular interactions are changed, accompanied by an abrupt decrease of
      helix-coil enthalpy transition which leads to the unwinding of DNA double helix.
      In the region of amino acid high concentrations (greater than 1-1,5 M) a rise of
      thermostability and winding of DNA double helix is observed. It has been
      established that B----C-like conformational transition stimulated by the rise of
      DNA thermostability is a result of counterions dehydration and the increase of
      effective ionic strength of the solution which is due to the rise of amino acid
      zwitterions content in it.

PMID- 6435691
TI  - [Effect of preservation conditions on the diagnostic traits of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida].
AB  - After 20 years storage under the lyophylized condition 6 strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida retained all characters investigated.
      After storage under sterile vaseline oil for 10 years strains P. aeruginosa and
      P. putida lost one character, strains P. fluorescens lost 10-13 characters.

PMID- 6435692
TI  - Increased O2 consumption and energy loss in premature infants following medical
      care procedures.
AB  - Oxygen consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) were measured continuously for
      24 h in 10 premature infants during their ongoing nursing care. Using a flow
      through technique, the total VO2 and VCO2 over a given period of time were
      determined from the area under the O2-and CO2-concentration-time curve of the
      mixed expired gas. Following chest physiotherapy, heel stick and i.v. needle
      insertion, there was a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in VO2 and VCO2.
      When measured for 24 h, the total daily increase of VO2 attributed to these
      procedures ranged from 2.1 to 11.7% of total daily VO2, equivalent to an
      estimated energy loss of 0.6-4.1 kcal/kg/day.

PMID- 6435693
TI  - Alterations in hypothalamic content of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      associated with pineal-mediated testicular regression in the golden hamster.
AB  - The adult male golden hamster will undergo testicular regression when exposed to
      a short photoperiod, blinding, or late afternoon injections of melatonin. The
      present study was conducted to compare the effects of all three treatments on
      serum gonadotropin levels and testicular weights, and to evaluate the effects of
      these treatments on hypothalamic content of both immunoreactive and bioactive
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) levels. Hamsters were blinded (BL),
      exposed to a short photoperiod (SP), or received daily injections of melatonin
      (MEL) for 15 wk. Each treatment (BL, SP, MEL) induced a temporally similar
      decline in serum luteinizing hormone (LH), serum follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH), and testicular weight. Spontaneous recrudescence occurred earliest in the
      MEL group, with serum gonadotropins and testicular weight returning to normal by
      15 wk. The SP group exhibited recovery of serum gonadotropins but not testicular
      weight by 15 wk. The BL group demonstrated partial recovery of serum FSH levels
      by 15 wk, with no recovery in either serum LH or testicular weight. Each
      treatment group demonstrated increased hypothalamic content of immunoreactive
      LHRH which was temporally correlated with the decreases of serum gonadotropins.
      Additionally, the MEL and SP groups demonstrated decreased immunoreactive LHRH
      levels during spontaneous recrudescence. Extracts of hypothalami from all
      treatment groups were bioactive on control hamster pituitary cells. These results
      indicate that there are temporal differences among the three common treatments
      and that these differences are manifested in serum gonadotropins, testicular
      weight and hypothalamic LHRH. Hypothalamic LHRH levels determined by
      radioimmunoassay and bioassay show periods of increase and decrease which
      coincide with periods of altered serum gonadotropin levels in all groups.

PMID- 6435694
TI  - Polycystic ovarian condition in estradiol valerate-treated rats: spontaneous
      changes in characteristic endocrine features.
AB  - A chronic anovulatory polycystic ovarian (PCO) condition can be induced in rats
      with estradiol valerate (EV). We have previously shown that the early stages (8
      10 wk after EV treatment) of the condition are characterized by low basal plasma
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol concentrations, as well as poor LH
      responsiveness to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH). These observations suggested that
      alterations in pituitary LH secretory activity may be involved in induction and
      maintenance of the PCO condition. In order to examine this possibility we have
      measured basal plasma LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations at
      various times (6, 15, 20 and 22 wk) after treatment with EV. AT 22 wk animals
      were subjected to a double LHRH pulse or equivalent treatment with saline. Basal
      plasma LH concentrations in EV-treated animals doubled between 6 and 22 wk.
      Despite this sharp increase, basal plasma LH concentrations at 22 wk were still
      significantly lower in EV-treated animals compared to proestrous controls. Basal
      FSH in EV-treated animals, remained in the proestrous range throughout the 22-wk
      period. Pituitary FSH and LH secretions in response to the LHRH challenge were
      significantly greater in EV-treated animals compared to proestrous controls.
      Plasma estradiol was significantly greater at 22 wk post-EV treatment than at 9
      wk and this difference was reflected in the histology of the endometrium. These
      results indicate that a PCO condition is compatible with radical alterations in
      basal LH, and responsiveness to LHRH. Thus, aberrations in the ability to secrete
      LH do not appear to be causal in maintaining the condition.

PMID- 6435695
TI  - [Mass spectrometer ion flow in membrane diffusion of various molecules].

PMID- 6435696
TI  - Mechanisms of reaction of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide with DNA in
      aqueous solutions.
AB  - The physical and chemical reaction pathways of the metabolite model compound
      benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) in aqueous (double-stranded) DNA
      solutions was investigated as a function of temperature (0-30 degrees C), pH (7.0
      9.5), sodium chloride concentration (0-1.5M) and DNA concentration in order to
      clarify the relationships between the multiple reaction mechanisms of this diol
      epoxide in the presence of nucleic acids. The reaction pathways are (1)
      noncovalent intercalative complex formation with DNA, characterized by the
      equilibrium constant K, and Xb the fraction of molecules physically bound; (2)
      accelerated hydrolysis of BPDE bound to DNA; (3) covalent binding to DNA; and (4)
      hydrolysis of free BPDE(kh). The DNA-induced hydrolysis of BPDE to tetraols and
      the covalent binding to DNA are parallel pseudo-first-order reactions. Following
      the rapid (millisecond time scale) noncovalent complex formation between BPDE and
      DNA, a much slower (approximately minutes) H+-dependent (either specific or
      general acid catalysis) formation of a DNA-bound triol carbonium ion (rate
      constant k3) occurs. At pH 7.0 the activation energy of k3 is 8.7 +/- 0.9
      kcal/mol, which is lower than the activation energy of hydrolysis of free BPDE in
      buffer solution (14.2 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol), and which thus partially accounts for
      the acceleration of hydrolysis of BPDE upon complexation with DNA. The formation
      of the triol carbonium ion is followed by a rapid reaction with either water to
      form tetraols (rate constant kT), or covalent binding to DNA (kc). The fraction
      of BPDE molecules which undergo covalent binding is fcov approximately equal to
      kc/(kc + kT) = 0.10 and is independent of the overall BPDE reaction rate constant
      k = kh(1 - Xb) + k3Xb if Xb----1.0, or is independent of Xb as long as k3Xb much
      greater than kh(1 - Xb). Thus, at Xb = 0.9, fcov is independent of pH (7.0-9.5)
      even though k exhibits a 70-fold variation in this pH range and k----kh above pH
      9 (k3 = kh). Similarly, fcov is independent of temperature (0-30 degrees C),
      while k varies by a factor of approx. 3. In the range of 0-1.5 M NaCl, fcov
      decreases from 0.10 to 0.04. These variations are attributed to a combination of
      salt-induced variations in the factors k3, Xb and the ratio kc/kT.

PMID- 6435697
TI  - Influence of pH on the removal of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from phosphorylase b.
AB  - A method to break the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-phosphorylase b bond using
      hydroxylamine and slightly acid pH is put forward and described in the present
      paper. This method does not involve drastic conditions or deforming reagents. The
      influence of pH and protein concentration on the removal of PLP from
      phosphorylase has also been studied, resulting in an order of -0.3 with respect
      to the enzyme, a value that implies a complex reaction. An additional conclusion
      is that an increase in the protein concentration entails better protection of the
      enzyme from attack by hydroxylamine.

PMID- 6435698
TI  - Perturbation of ribosome subunit interaction by glutaraldehyde fixation.
AB  - Ultracentrifugal analysis of ribosomal purity is complicated by the rapid
      reequilibration of ribosomes with their subunits, and this is further enhanced by
      the effects of hydrostatic pressure. Fixation of the ribosome system prior to
      ultracentrifugal analysis supposedly freezes the reequilibration, and thus tends
      to obviate these difficulties. However, no redistribution of the ribosome-subunit
      population must be allowed to occur during fixation. Thus, it is necessary that
      fixation be extremely rapid compared to the ribosome-subunit reequilibration, in
      order to avoid errors in analysis. It was the purpose of this investigation to
      make a direct experimental comparison of the rates of these two processes,
      fixation and ribosome-subunit reequilibration, using the stopped-flow technique
      with a light-scattering detector, under a variety of buffer environment
      readjustments. The following findings resulted from this study: (1) Fixation in
      Tris buffers could not be followed by light scattering because of interaction of
      glutaraldehyde with Tris, leading to continuous production of high molecular
      weight contaminants. (2) Polymerization of glutaraldehyde leads to increased
      ultraviolet absorption, which must not be confused with scattering changes. (3)
      Undialyzed ribosome solutions prepared by dissolving stock suspensions stored at
      high levels of magnesium and univalent electrolyte into a known standard buffer
      produced solutions having free Mg2+ levels lower than those of original buffer,
      complicating kinetic observations and threatening ribosome stability. (4)
      Addition of malonic acid as a buffer for Mg2+ largely eliminated this problem.
      (5) The kinetics of glutaraldehyde were measured quantitatively by studying the
      perturbation of ribosome association and dissociation kinetics produced during
      shifts of Mg2+ levels. (6) At fixative levels not producing coagulation, fixation
      kinetics can be competitive with those of association-dissociation. (7) Mass
      action effects like those of dilution can be caused by fixation, and can give
      rise to excess subunits, which may be mistaken for loose couples in original
      ribosome preparations.

PMID- 6435699
TI  - [Use of monoclonal antibodies against the light-chain immunoglobulins of the rat
      in the radioimmune analysis of differentiated lymphocyte antigens of the mouse].
AB  - Spleen cells from SJL mice immunized with rat immunoglobulin light chains were
      fused with X-63 myeloma. Seven hybridoma lines were obtained. Monoclonal
      antibodies (McAB) secreted by lines L1G9, L2B2 and L3E8 were purified and labeled
      by 125I. McAB L1G9 did not bind directly to murine lymphocytes but reacted in a
      different manner with rat splenocytes. McAb L2B2 and L3E8 but not L1G9 reacted
      with murine lymphocytes treated with rat McAb against Lyt-1, Lyt-2, C1-9, C4-20
      antigens whatever the class of heavy chains of rat McAb used. The binding levels
      obtained with 125I-McAb reflect the quantitative differences in the expression of
      respective antigens.

PMID- 6435700
TI  - [Detection and isolation of antibody-forming clones by means of local cytolysis
      in gel].
AB  - A method is suggested combining the screening and cloning of hybridomas producing
      cytotoxic antibodies. The method is based on the Erne local hemolysis principles.
      The cells from the preformed hybridoma line NATF 9.9 secreted monoclonal
      antibodies (McAb) against murine T lymphocyte differentiation antigen Lyt-3.2. A
      mixture of hybridoma cells and target cells was attached to the plastic Petri
      dish surface pretreated with Poly-L-lysine and covered with agarose. McAb
      production by hybridoma cells was elicited by complement-dependent lysis of
      target cells. The lysis was detected by incorporation in dead cells of the
      fluorescent dye ethidium bromide. Subsequent studies made it possible to evaluate
      the clonogenic capacity of McAb production and isolate active clones.

PMID- 6435701
TI  - Phagocyte C3-mediated attachment and internalization: flow cytometric studies
      using a fluorescence quenching technique.
AB  - The dynamics of phagocyte C3-mediated attachment and internalization of
      fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled zymosan particles was studied by a
      flow cytometric (FCM) fluorescence quenching technique, using trypan blue as
      quenching agent. Trypan blue effectively quenched the fluorescence of
      extracellular, i.e. free and phagocyte-attached, zymosan particles, but did not
      influence on the fluorescence of particles internalized by phagocytes. During
      phagocytosis, an average of 2 C3-coated zymosan particles were simultaneously
      attached to the phagocyte surface, and the number of attached particles could not
      be increased by increasing the zymosan to leukocyte ratio, the concentration of
      C3, the incubation time, or by inhibiting internalization by Cytochalasin B.
      Phagocyte C3-mediated internalization of zymosan particles was dependent on the
      concentration of complement, and in the presence of sufficient amounts of C3,
      internalization continued until saturation was reached at 11 particles per
      phagocyte.

PMID- 6435702
TI  - Immunoglobulin light chains in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related diseases.
AB  - The combination of two-dimensional mini gel electrophoresis with the 'western
      blot' technique proves to be a powerful tool in characterizing lymphoid cells. By
      testing for kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains we were able to
      differentiate between mono-, oligo-, and polyclonal B-cell diseases. The
      distribution of the lambda isotypes of 24 cases with chronic lymphocytic B-cell
      leukemia (B-CLL) tested was not random when compared to the distribution of the
      lambda light chains in B-lymphocytes of normal persons. This might implicate a
      genetic link between the lambda loci (chromosome 22) and the development of the
      lambda-CLL.

PMID- 6435704
TI  - A seroepidemiologic survey of Chagas' disease in two Paraguayan villages.

PMID- 6435703
TI  - Anti-tumor and endocrine effects of chronic LHRH agonist treatment (Buserelin)
      with or without tamoxifen in premenopausal metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Seventeen premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with the
      potent Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) agonist Buserelin as a first
      line agent. Twelve patients (group A) were treated with Buserelin alone and five
      patients (group B) with the combination of Buserelin and tamoxifen from the start
      of treatment. In nine patients of group A tamoxifen was added to Buserelin later
      on because of tumor progression or recurrent peaks of plasma estradiol (E2).
      Chronic intranasal therapy with Buserelin alone, preceeded by parenteral
      administration, caused an objective remission in four patients (2 X C.R., 2 X
      P.R.) and stable disease in four further patients without causing side effects.
      The longest duration of response until now is more than 29 months. After addition
      of tamoxifen a partial response occurred in two more patients of group A.
      Anovulation with suppressed progesterone secretion was reached in all patients
      treated with Buserelin alone, but transient peaks of E2 occurred in the majority
      (60%) of the patients. Addition of tamoxifen to Buserelin treatment caused
      disappearance of E2 peaks in 2 patients, but also reappearance of progesterone
      secretion with recurring E2 peaks in 3 other patients; in one case
      hyperstimulation of the ovaries was observed without progression of tumor growth.
      In group B only one woman showed a complete castration effect, while in four
      patients progesterone secretion was not (completely) suppressed. In two of these
      five patients an objective response occurred. In conclusion, Buserelin appears
      effective in the treatment of premenopausal women with metastatic breast
      carcinoma, but with the regimen used close control of endocrine parameters is
      necessary because of the variation in hormonal response with a risk of
      (hyper)stimulation of the ovaries, especially during combination therapy with
      tamoxifen.

PMID- 6435705
TI  - Pathophysiological mechanisms of sudden death induced by platelet activating
      factor.
AB  - Platelet activating factor (Paf) (15-40 micrograms-1) kills male rabbits within 3
      to 5 min. Intravenous injection of Paf at a dose of 15 micrograms kg-1 is
      uniformly lethal, and the rabbits died within 4.5 +/- 0.4 min. The sudden death
      is characterized by cessation of respiration, a marked decrease in mean arterial
      blood pressure (M.A.B.P.), and 8 fold increases in plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2)
      concentrations with only modest elevation in plasma 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha
      (6-keto PGF1 alpha) concentrations. Pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitor, ibuprofen (6.25 mg kg-1), or with the thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitors dazoxiben (2.5 mg kg-1), CGS-13080, or OKY-046 1 mg kg-1) increased
      survival rates to 83-100%. Protected rabbits showed only modest changes in
      M.A.B.P. and no significant increase in plasma TxB2 concentrations. The
      protective drugs showed a dose-related action on M.A.B.P., plasma TxB2
      concentration and mortality rate in Paf-induced sudden death. The mechanisms of
      the protection appeared to be prevention of platelet aggregation (leading to
      pulmonary thrombosis) and pulmonary and coronary vasoconstriction. However, Paf
      does not appear to exert direct vasoconstrictor effects in isolated coronary or
      pulmonary arteries. The effects of Paf in vivo appear to be mediated by TxA2
      released by activated platelets in the absence of the protective effects of
      prostacyclin. Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis effectively prevents the Paf
      induced sudden death.

PMID- 6435706
TI  - Influence of protein-calorie malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics, placental
      transfer and tissue localization of dexamethasone in rats.
AB  - The influence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) on the pharmacokinetics,
      transplacental passage and tissue localization of dexamethasone was determined in
      Sprague-Dawley rats. PCM increased the plasma half-life and volume of
      distribution of dexamethasone in pregnant but not in nonpregnant rats. Ratios of
      foetal to maternal serum dexamethasone concentrations were 0.2-0.4 at different
      dose levels (0.8-20 mumol kg-1), time intervals (0.25-12 h) and gestational ages
      (day 14-21). PCM increased the foetal serum and tissue concentrations of
      dexamethasone but exerted no significant effect on its binding to maternal and
      foetal serum proteins or on its metabolism by the placenta. It is suggested that
      significantly lower foetal than maternal serum levels of dexamethasone are due to
      efficient elimination of this agent by the foeto-placental unit and an impairment
      of this mechanism may account for the observed increase in dexamethasone levels
      in the foetuses of PCM rats.

PMID- 6435707
TI  - Dual effect of (-)-N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine on guinea-pig trachea.
AB  - The effect of (-)-N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), a metabolically stable P1
      receptor agonist, was investigated on guinea-pig isolated trachea. PIA showed two
      opposite effects: contraction, evident at low concentrations (10(-7) to 2-5 X 10(
      6) M), and relaxation at higher doses. Relaxation by PIA was antagonized in an
      apparently competitive manner by two antagonists of extracellular (P1) adenosine
      receptors: theophylline (Theo) and 8-phenyltheophylline (PT). Contraction by PIA
      was not inhibited by methylxanthines and was not mediated by stimulation of
      cholinergic or histaminergic systems. Inhibitors of arachidonic acid cascade
      acting at different levels, i.e. indomethacin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)
      and BW755C, all inhibited the contraction by PIA, while they potentiated the
      relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. Mepacrine, an inhibitor of
      phospholipase A2, inhibited the contraction by PIA, but did not affect the
      relaxation. These results indicate that the contractile effect induced by PIA is
      supported by an indirect mechanism involving the release of arachidonic acid
      derivatives (via P2-purinoceptor?). Thus the balance between the two opposite
      effects of adenosine on tracheal tone is possibly modulated by the prostaglandin
      turnover.

PMID- 6435708
TI  - Structure-antinociceptive activity studies with neurotensin.
AB  - The antinociceptive effects of synthetic neurotensin (NT), its fragments and
      analogues administered into the lateral cerebroventricle have been compared in
      the conscious mouse. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NT
      produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the tail pressure test. The
      NT fragments and analogues, NT(8-13), NT(8-10), NT(9-13), NT(9-11), NT(8-11) NHEt
      and NT(9-11) NHEt were also effective antinociceptive peptides. The potency of
      NT(8-13) and the duration of its effects were found to be approximately equal to
      those of NT. The antinociceptive effects produced by NT, NT(8-13) and NT(9-13)
      were significantly reversed by the opioid antagonist naloxone but not by
      thyrotropin releasing hormone. It is concluded that NT(8-13) is required for the
      full expression of the antinociceptive effects of NT which may be mediated in
      part through the brain opioid system.

PMID- 6435709
TI  - Responses of human, monkey and dog coronary arteries in vitro to carbocyclic
      thromboxane A2 and vasodilators.
AB  - Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (cTxA2), a stable analogue of TxA2, and prostaglandin
      (PG) F2 alpha contracted helical strips of human, monkey and dog coronary
      arteries in a concentration-dependent manner. Apparent ED50 values for cTxA2 were
      markedly less (1/58 in humans, 1/373 in monkeys and 1/397 in dogs) than those for
      PGF2 alpha; maximum contractions induced by cTxA2 and PGF2 alpha relative to
      those induced by 30 mM K+ were approximately identical in the human and monkey
      arteries. PGI2 caused a concentration-related relaxation in human and dog
      coronary arteries maximally precontracted with cTxA2 and in human, monkey and dog
      coronary arteries partially precontracted with PGF2 alpha. The relaxation
      response was greatest in the dog arteries and least in the monkey arteries.
      Contractions induced by cTxA2 or PGF2 alpha and relaxations induced by PGI2 were
      selectively antagonized by treatment with diphloretin phosphate. Human coronary
      artery strips contracted with cTxA2 responded to nitroglycerine with a rapid,
      transient relaxation and to verapamil with a slowly-developing, persistent
      relaxation, as did monkey and dog coronary artery strips. Thromboxane (Tx) A2
      appears to be one of the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictors in human
      coronary arteries, if cTxA2 acts on TxA2 receptors. It is suggested that PGI2,
      nitroglycerine and verapamil are effective vasodilators in human conduit coronary
      arteries maximally contracted with cTxA2, although the extent and the duration of
      vasodilatation induced by these agents were quite different.

PMID- 6435710
TI  - A new canine model of endotoxin shock.
AB  - A new canine model of endotoxin shock has been developed in which spontaneous
      recovery of cardiovascular function is largely prevented, the haemodynamic
      effects of anaesthesia are minimized and intravascular volume replacement is
      given. This model has been evaluated using two groups of five adult mongrel dogs
      anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose and breathing spontaneously. Animals in one
      group were anaesthetized, instrumented and given Escherichia coli (E. coli)
      endotoxin intravenously, whilst those in the control group were subjected only to
      anaesthesia and instrumentation. E. coli endotoxin was given to dogs in the shock
      group as a bolus dose of 5 mg kg-1 followed by a continuous infusion at 2 mg kg-1
      h-1. This produced immediate, severe, cardiovascular depression, with precipitous
      falls in mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI) and
      left ventricular (LV) dp/dt max. There were associated increases in systemic and
      pulmonary vascular resistances. Arterio-venous oxygen content difference (C(a
      v)O2) increased after induction of shock, and animals developed a progressive
      metabolic acidosis. Increasing haemoconcentration occurred, as evidenced by a
      rising haematocrit (PCV). Hypovolaemia was reflected by a concurrent fall in
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). One hour after induction of shock,
      intravascular volume replacement was given in the form of a colloidal gelatin
      solution, as a bolus dose of 10 ml kg-1, followed by a continuous infusion at 10
      ml kg-1 h-1. Volume replacement reversed haemoconcentration, restored PCWP and
      produced some haemodynamic improvement, although in general, severe
      cardiovascular depression persisted throughout a three hour observation period.
      This severe endotoxin shock model has proved to be stable, reproducible and
      economical. It provides a useful preliminary test for new methods of treatment in
      hypodynamic endotoxin shock, as well as allowing investigation of acute metabolic
      and physiological changes.

PMID- 6435711
TI  - Comparison of pharmacological treatment response between situational and non
      situational depressions.
AB  - Fifty-one patients with a primary major depressive disorder preceded by a
      stressful environmental event were compared for their response to pharmacological
      treatment with 75 depressives who experienced no stressful life event before
      illness episodes. There was no difference between the groups in treatment
      response rates after four and six weeks of treatment respectively.

PMID- 6435712
TI  - Psychosis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
AB  - In a sample of 130 consecutive patients with a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia
      nervosa and/or bulimia, 17 displayed psychotic symptoms. In 16 patients, these
      symptoms appeared attributable to major affective disorder or schizo-affective
      disorder, while in one, they appeared to represent factitious psychosis. No cases
      of schizophrenia or organic psychosis were identified.

PMID- 6435713
TI  - Hypermobility and injuries in a professional ballet company.
AB  - A study was conducted on members of the Cape Performing Arts Board (CAPAB)
      professional ballet company to determine the prevalence of hypermobility and to
      document the injuries sustained over a ten year period. If forward flexion, which
      is acquired through training, is excluded as a parameter the difference in
      hypermobility between dancers and controls is not statistically significant.
      Considering the stresses imposed on the musculoskeletal system, the number of
      injuries was surprisingly low. Ligamentous injuries about the ankle and knee were
      both common and accounted for the major morbidity. There were minor differences
      in the nature and severity of injuries in the male and female dancers. Back
      injuries, fractures and osteoarthrosis were uncommon and shin splints was not
      recorded in any of the dancers.

PMID- 6435714
TI  - Acute sports injuries in Oslo: a one-year study.
AB  - All sport injuries treated at the Emergency Department, Ulleval Hospital in Oslo
      (OKL) were registered for one year. They accounted for 6.3% of the total number
      of patients treated at OKL in that period. 4673 patients were seen; 3292 males
      and 1381 females. The women were younger than the men, 55% were below 20 years of
      age; 41% of the males (p less than 0.05). Most of the men (64%) were injured in
      connection with competitive sports, but 52% of the women sustained their injury
      pursuing recreational sports. Football and skiing accounted for 49% of the total
      number of injuries. In males football caused most injuries--35%. In females
      handball accounted for most injuries--18%. Nearly 3/4 of the injuries affected
      the extremities; the most common injury being the ankle sprain (16%). Almost 1/4
      of the patients had a fracture, and 218 patients (4.7%) were admitted to
      hospital, the rest being treated as outpatients. In all, the sports injuries
      required 7658 consultations.

PMID- 6435715
TI  - Haemoglobin saturation during incremental arm and leg exercise.
AB  - There are few reports concerning the alterations in the percent of haemoglobin
      saturated with oxygen (%SO2) during non-steady state incremental exercise.
      Further, no data exist to describe the %SO2 changes during arm exercise.
      Therefore, the purpose of this study was made to assess the dynamic changes in
      %SO2 during incremental arm and leg work. Nine trained subjects (7 males and 2
      females) performed incremental arm and leg exercise to exhaustion on an arm crank
      ergometer and a cycle ergometer, respectively. Ventilation and gas exchange
      measurements were obtained minute by minute via open circuit spirometry and
      changes in %SO2 were recorded via an ear oximeter. No significant difference (p
      greater than 0.05) existed between arm and leg work in end-tidal oxygen (PETO2),
      end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), or %SO2 when compared as a function of percent
      VO2 max. These results provide evidence that arterial O2 desaturation occurs in a
      similar fashion in both incremental arm and leg work with the greatest changes in
      %SO2 occurring at work rates greater than 70% VO2 max.

PMID- 6435716
TI  - Intrathoracic bezoar visible on chest radiograph.

PMID- 6435717
TI  - Islet cell transplantation in diabetic dogs: studies of graft function and
      storage.
AB  - Islet cell transplantation is a potential treatment for insulin-dependent
      diabetes (IDD), assuming that physiological hormone release results in
      biochemical normality which, in turn, reduces the incidence of long-term diabetic
      complications. These experiments sought to create a metabolic model of IDD in a
      large animal and investigate the effects of insulin therapy and islet
      transplantation. After demonstrating the success of transplantation, further
      studies examined the feasibility of creating multiple grafts from a single donor
      and their long-term preservation. The totally pancreatectomized dog, treated with
      suboptimal insulin therapy was biochemically identical to human IDD and, when
      more appropriate doses of insulin were administered, metabolic improvements
      occurred without restoring normality. Islet cell autotransplants rendered such
      animals metabolically normal apart from persisting impairment of glucose
      tolerance. The isolation technique permitted the production of at least two
      recipient grafts and some success was achieved after graft cryopreservation. The
      experiments confirm the theoretical background to islet transplantation and
      demonstrate its applicability in a large animal model before allotransplantation.

PMID- 6435718
TI  - Diabetes care: whose responsibility?

PMID- 6435719
TI  - Fetal malformations in diabetics with high haemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy.

PMID- 6435720
TI  - Haemoglobin A1C concentrations in men and women with diabetes.

PMID- 6435721
TI  - Haemoglobinopathies and glycosylated haemoglobin estimation.

PMID- 6435722
TI  - How common are gallstones?

PMID- 6435723
TI  - Naftidrofuryl and the nitrogen, carbohydrate, and lipid responses to moderate
      surgery.

PMID- 6435725
TI  - Kielland's forceps delivery.

PMID- 6435724
TI  - Beta blockade, diuretics, and salt restriction for the management of mild
      hypertension.

PMID- 6435726
TI  - Comparison of reliability of tests to distinguish upper from lower urinary tract
      infection.

PMID- 6435727
TI  - Salivary oestriol to progesterone ratio in relation to spontaneous labour.

PMID- 6435728
TI  - Informed consent in surgical trials.

PMID- 6435729
TI  - Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency.

PMID- 6435730
TI  - Contraceptive trends.

PMID- 6435731
TI  - Pharmacoepidemiology: a new discipline.

PMID- 6435732
TI  - Uncommon Haemophilus infections.

PMID- 6435733
TI  - Low plasma C4 concentrations: association with microangiopathy in insulin
      dependent diabetes.
AB  - Plasma C4 concentrations were measured in insulin dependent diabetics with and
      without microangiopathy and in controls. The diabetics had significantly lower C4
      values than controls (p less than 0.001), and patients with insulin dependent
      diabetes and microangiopathy had lower values than those without this
      complication (p less than 0.001). There was a 7.1-fold increase in the prevalence
      of complications in the diabetics with low C4 values. Of 41 diabetics whose rate
      of albumin excretion was measured, 13 had increased rates and 11 of these had low
      C4 concentrations. Low plasma C4 concentration in insulin dependent diabetes is
      strongly associated with microvascular disease and may identify diabetics with a
      particular propensity to develop this complication.

PMID- 6435734
TI  - "Normal" acute phase response in systemic sclerosis.
AB  - An Italian woman with classic active progressive systemic sclerosis had a normal
      serum concentration of C reactive protein (less than 6 mg/1). During an infection
      with Staphylococcus aureus, however, the concentration rose to 250 mg/1. This was
      unexpected, since in scleroderma the acute phase response to infection (a brisk
      rise in serum concentrations of various proteins, including C reactive) has been
      thought to be defective. This patient is evidence that the acute phase response
      does occur in systemic sclerosis and that probably it is the nature of the
      primary disease that masks the response in some cases.

PMID- 6435735
TI  - Correlation between serum ionised calcium and serum albumin concentrations in two
      hospital populations.
AB  - One quarter of 172 patients from two hospitals with no obvious disturbances of
      calcium homeostasis and with total serum calcium concentrations that were normal
      after adjustment for albumin concentration had low serum ionised calcium
      concentrations. The low values were not due to changes in pH but were associated
      with hypoalbuminaemia. Significant positive regressions of ionised calcium on
      albumin concentration were observed in patients from both hospitals and also in
      48 healthy laboratory staff. Because the regressions did not differ between
      patients and healthy subjects the low ionised calcium values associated with
      hypoalbuminaemia are unlikely to have been of pathological importance. These
      findings indicate that interpreting serum ionised calcium concentrations in
      patients with a reduced serum albumin concentration on the basis of a reference
      range determined in subjects with a normal serum albumin concentration may be
      clinically misleading.

PMID- 6435736
TI  - Smoking and Crohn's disease.
AB  - In a case-control study 82 patients with Crohn's disease and matched controls
      drawn from general practice lists were questioned about their smoking habits.
      Patients with Crohn's disease were significantly more likely to be smokers than
      the controls, and the association was stronger for smoking habit before the onset
      of the disease than for current smoking habit, the relative risks for smokers
      compared with non-smokers being 4.8 and 3.5 respectively. Taken in conjunction
      with earlier data showing an association between non-smoking and ulcerative
      colitis, these results suggest that smoking habit may be an important determinant
      of the type of inflammatory bowel disease that develops in predisposed subjects.

PMID- 6435737
TI  - Injuries to children riding BMX bikes.
AB  - One hundred children presented over 40 days with BMX bike injuries, 40 of which
      had been sustained while trying to perform stunts. Injuries in this series were
      compared with previously reported injuries from accidents on ordinary bicycles.
      BMX bike injuries differed little from ordinary bike injuries except in the
      greater proportion of injuries due to stunts and the smaller incidence of head
      injuries.

PMID- 6435738
TI  - Effect of glycaemic control and duration of disease on overnight albumin
      excretion in diabetic children.
AB  - Urine albumin excretion rates were measured in overnight timed samples from
      diabetic and non-diabetic schoolchildren. The excretion rates in the diabetics
      were significantly higher than those in the controls and were positively
      correlated with age, duration of diabetes, and glycaemic control. Diabetic
      children aged 12 years and older had significantly higher albumin excretion rates
      than younger diabetic children matched for duration of disease. Among the non
      diabetic controls there was no correlation between albumin excretion rate and age
      and the girls excreted significantly more albumin than the boys. Measurement of
      the overnight albumin excretion rate may provide a useful early indicator of the
      progression to clinical proteinuria in diabetes and is free from random
      variations such as that due to exercise.

PMID- 6435739
TI  - Delayed hyperbaric oxygen treatment for acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 6435740
TI  - BMX bike injuries: the latest epidemic.

PMID- 6435741
TI  - Increased storage of iron and anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: usefulness of
      desferrioxamine.

PMID- 6435742
TI  - Thrombocytopenia induced by nalidixic acid.

PMID- 6435743
TI  - Early onset scoliosis: a call for awareness.

PMID- 6435744
TI  - Surgical inpatients who do not "occupy" hospital beds.

PMID- 6435745
TI  - Health of prisoners admitted to and discharged from Bedford Prison.
AB  - The age, smoking and drinking habits, active health problems, and occupational
      fitness of prisoners entering Bedford prison, and the health and willingness of
      prisoners being discharged from prison to take a letter to their general
      practitioner were surveyed. This group of men had a high level of illness,
      neglected their health, and had a high alcohol intake. Fewer problems were found
      than in a survey in New York City. Many prisoners with active medical problems on
      discharge from prison were unwilling to take a letter to their own general
      practitioner.

PMID- 6435746
TI  - Comparison of medical care in prison and in general practice.
AB  - The medical care of prisoners "declaring sick" to the medical officer and
      hospital officers in Bedford Prison was surveyed and compared with the medical
      care given to the medical officer's patients in general practice. The
      consultation rate of prisoners was higher than that of patients in the practice.
      Part of this increase was because household remedies were not available to
      prisoners except through the prison medical service and part may also have been
      due to the stresses of life in prison. Few psychoactive drugs were prescribed in
      prison. The problems that prisoners presented reflected the problems of violence
      and poor hygiene in prison. Some problems that more commonly present in prison
      than in general practice may be related to stress.

PMID- 6435747
TI  - Menopause: associated problems.

PMID- 6435748
TI  - Do emergency tests help in the management of acute medical admissions?
AB  - A two year combined retrospective and prospective study of 555 acute medical
      admissions to a district general hospital was carried out to assess the value of
      emergency biochemical, haematological, radiological, and electrocardiographic
      tests in diagnosis and treatment. For the study the tests were considered helpful
      only if they disclosed an abnormality and resulted in a definite diagnosis or
      change of treatment which would not have been possible from the history and
      examination alone. A total of 2372 emergency tests were carried out in the 555
      patients who presented with 579 acute medical problems. Only 403 (17%) of the
      test results were abnormal and, of these, only one third helped in treatment and
      less than one third helped in diagnosis. The most useful diagnostic tests were
      serum amylase activity in abdominal pain, the electrocardiogram in chest pain,
      the chest radiograph in respiratory problems, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis in
      suspected meningitis or subarachnoid haemorrhage. The most useful tests in
      treatment were blood sugar value in diabetes, PCO2 in obstructive airways
      disease, and haemoglobin concentration in gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Of the
      tests requested by far the most often--blood urea and serum electrolyte
      concentrations--only 7% gave abnormal results and were rarely of any help in
      either diagnosis or treatment. Analysis of the reasons for the uncritical use of
      emergency tests by house officers suggested that better undergraduate training,
      regular audit by senior members of medical units, abolition of routine
      investigational procedures, and more selective laboratory reports would help to
      build up the house officer's confidence in his own skills of history taking and
      physical examination without recourse to indiscriminate use of laboratory and
      other investigations.

PMID- 6435749
TI  - Clinical implications of developments in in vitro fertilisation.
AB  - During February 1979 to December 1983, 831 infertile couples were treated by in
      vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. The problems they faced included
      deciding on the number of oocytes to be collected at laparoscopy, the numbers to
      be donated or fertilised, the numbers of embryos to be transferred and frozen,
      and whether abnormal embryos should be used for research or discarded. The 831
      patients received a total of 1530 treatment cycles. Of the 763 patients for whom
      complete data were available, 136 (17.8%) became pregnant. The rate of pregnancy,
      however, increased dramatically from 7.4% when only one embryo was transferred to
      21.1% and 28.1% when two and three embryos were transferred, respectively. The
      chance of multiple pregnancy also increased with the number of embryos
      transferred, but the risk (2% for twins) was far outweighed by the relatively
      poor result after transferring a single embryo. Out of 40 embryos freeze-thawed,
      23 survived thawing and were transferred; of these, 4 (17%) resulted in
      pregnancy. Thirty four transfers of donor oocyte embryos also resulted in four
      pregnancies (12%), but two of these ended in abortion. Neither microscopy nor any
      other available test can determine the potential of an oocyte to result in
      pregnancy, so that discarding oocytes that may look abnormal simply reduces the
      chances of conception--both for the patient and for any prospective recipient of
      donor oocyte embryos. In any case, abnormal embryos tend to die when growth is
      allowed to continue in vitro. Probably all oocytes harvested from a patient
      should be inseminated and the utilisation of the embryos decided once the number
      developed is known.

PMID- 6435750
TI  - The unmarried mother and her child.

PMID- 6435751
TI  - Essential medicines in the Third World.

PMID- 6435752
TI  - Hair loss.

PMID- 6435753
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Analgesics: opioids.

PMID- 6435754
TI  - On the promotion of non-drug treatments.

PMID- 6435755
TI  - Hypertension in women: a separate case for treatment?

PMID- 6435756
TI  - Children in a persistent vegetative state.

PMID- 6435757
TI  - Colposcopy and ablative therapy.

PMID- 6435758
TI  - Noradrenaline: a circulating inhibitor of sodium transport.
AB  - Leucocytes were isolated from venous blood of 11 normotensive volunteers with no
      family history of hypertension and the sodium efflux rate constants determined
      both alone and in the presence of increasing physiological concentrations of
      noradrenaline. There was a significant dose dependent reduction of total sodium
      efflux rate constant due to a reduction in ouabain sensitive sodium pump
      activity, glycoside insensitive efflux rate constants being unaffected. The
      magnitude of this effect was similar to the reduction in leucocyte sodium efflux
      rate constants observed in hypertensive patients (and their normotensive
      relatives). The noradrenaline induced depression of sodium pump activity was
      prevented by propranolol in a further seven experiments, suggesting that the
      effect was mediated by beta adrenoceptors. Catecholamines possibly functioning as
      circulating inhibitors of sodium transport may contribute to some of the
      disturbances in membrane electrolyte handling both in essential hypertension in
      man and in some experimental models of hypertension.

PMID- 6435759
TI  - Trends in parasuicide and unemployment among men in Edinburgh, 1968-82.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1982 annual unemployment and annual incidence of parasuicide
      among men in Edinburgh were positively and highly significantly correlated (r =
      0.77). Similarly, they were found to be correlated across the city wards in 1971
      (r = 0.76) and, even more strongly, 1981 (r = 0.95). Throughout the period the
      incidence of parasuicide among the unemployed was nearly always more than 10
      times higher than among the employed. Men unemployed for more than a year were at
      much higher risk than those out of work for shorter periods. These findings were
      considered to be consistent with the view that unemployment, especially if long
      term, increases the incidence of parasuicide. The official prediction of an
      increase in long term unemployment has important implications.

PMID- 6435760
TI  - Cerebral glioma after cranial prophylaxis for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

PMID- 6435761
TI  - Proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6435762
TI  - Gonorrhoea in homosexual men and media coverage of the acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome in London 1982-3.

PMID- 6435763
TI  - Covert manifestations of child abuse.

PMID- 6435764
TI  - Diurnal variation in nerve conduction, hand volume, and grip strength in the
      carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 6435765
TI  - The renal unit in Inverness: the shape of things to come?

PMID- 6435766
TI  - Maggots dyed with chrysoidine: a possible risk to anglers.

PMID- 6435767
TI  - Acquired platelet dysfunction with eosinophilia.

PMID- 6435768
TI  - Prescribing psychotropic drugs in general practice: three year study.
AB  - A three year longitudinal study of psychotropic drug prescribing in one inner
      city general practice showed that there was a greater use of such drugs among
      women and elderly men and women. Repeat prescriptions without consultation
      accounted for 44% of prescriptions written. We think that any attempt to reduce
      the volume of prescriptions for psychotropic drugs should take into account the
      prescribing habits and attitudes of doctors as well as the problems and needs of
      patients.

PMID- 6435769
TI  - Impact of introduction of colposcopy to a district general hospital.
AB  - During the first 18 months of operation of a new colposcopy clinic, established
      in a district general hospital, 608 women were seen. Most (568 (93.0%] were
      referred from within the local district, on the whole by their general
      practitioner. In 466 cases a repeat cervical smear was taken, and all women
      underwent colposcopic examination together with directed punch biopsy of any
      abnormal area. Positive cytology was seen in 356 women, but 85 (23.9%) of these
      were found to have no histological evidence of malignancy or premalignancy and
      were consequently discharged from the clinic. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
      was confirmed histologically in 379 women, of whom 259 were under 35 and 175
      nulliparous. As a result of the use of colposcopy and local destructive methods
      of treatment only 42 patients (11.1%) were required to undergo cone biopsy. The
      initial overall incidence of success in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia was 86.2% for cone biopsy, 88.5% for diathermy, and 81.1% for laser
      ablative treatment. Colposcopy has an important role in the management of
      cervical neoplasia in the district general hospital.

PMID- 6435770
TI  - European Ethical Review Committee: the experience of an international ethics
      committee reviewing protocols for drug trials.
AB  - An international ethics review committee, founded seven years ago, has several
      unusual features: it selects its own members, who are independent of the drug
      industry; it includes members with no medical or paramedical background, such as
      lay people and lawyers; and it reviews protocols together with the study's
      sponsor. Membership of 31 from nine European countries enables frequent meetings
      and there is a full meeting of the committee every year to review progress and
      consider policy. Of the first 294 protocols for phase I, II, or III trials
      reviewed, 37 were admitted outright, 243 were amended (usually during the
      discussion of the protocol), and 14 were rejected. It is suggested that, to
      overcome the problem of ethics review in smaller institutions, regional health
      authorities in Britain might consider establishing similar committees.

PMID- 6435771
TI  - Principles of health education.

PMID- 6435772
TI  - Use of a viewdata system to collect data from a multicentre clinical trial in
      anaesthesia.
AB  - The interactive electronic information storage and transmission system PRESTEL
      was assessed as a method of recording and collecting patient record forms from a
      multicentre trial in anaesthesia. PRESTEL terminals were provided in anaesthetic
      centres around Britain and all data handled by this public viewdata service,
      which connects users by telephone to a central computer. The trial was of a new
      analgesic supplement, alfentanil, and confirmed more rapid recovery of patients
      as compared with that after traditional anaesthesia with halothane. Advantages of
      the system were manifold and included reducing the need for the trial monitor to
      visit the trialist, an electronic "mailbox," confidentiality, and the ability
      immediately to identify violations of study protocol. No participant found the
      system too difficult to use, though the small keyboard was a source of complaint.
      Despite the initial cost of the system its utility vastly outweighs traditional
      methods of data collection.

PMID- 6435773
TI  - At least one centimetre for each millimetre.

PMID- 6435774
TI  - Morphine toxicity with dilated pupils.

PMID- 6435775
TI  - Apheresis procedures in polycythaemia.

PMID- 6435776
TI  - Diazepam tolerance.

PMID- 6435777
TI  - Multiple myeloma on the Fylde coast.

PMID- 6435778
TI  - Prospective comparison of three non-invasive tests for pancreatic disease.

PMID- 6435779
TI  - Smoking and insulin absorption.

PMID- 6435780
TI  - Thiamine concentrations in liver disease.

PMID- 6435781
TI  - The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6435782
TI  - Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with ketanserin.

PMID- 6435783
TI  - Are there any absolute medical contraindications to the progestogen only oral
      contraceptive?

PMID- 6435784
TI  - Treating fissure in ano in outpatients: what dose of local anesthetic?

PMID- 6435785
TI  - Donor ureteric calculus presenting as acute rejection in a renal transplant
      recipient.

PMID- 6435786
TI  - Analysis of a unit management team's first year of business.

PMID- 6435787
TI  - Food, drugs, and bioavailability.

PMID- 6435788
TI  - Treatment for aging brains.

PMID- 6435789
TI  - Duodenal ulcers which do not heal rapidly.

PMID- 6435790
TI  - Contraception and the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 6435791
TI  - Dynamic studies of lymphocytes labelled with indium-111 during and after
      treatment with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody in advanced B cell lymphoma.
AB  - The migration pattern of lymphocytes labelled with indium-111 was followed in a
      patient with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with a murine monoclonal anti
      idiotype antibody. During the early phase of continuous infusion of antibody
      rapid fluxes of labelled lymphocytes into and out of the blood were seen. Dynamic
      scanning showed immediate uptake in the lungs; thereafter activity decreased in
      the lungs and increased in the liver. Studies of labelled and unlabelled cells in
      the circulation showed that treatment resulted in the removal of lymphocytes from
      the blood which was repopulated from an extravascular compartment. Tumour cells
      were shown to be cleared from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system in the
      liver. Indium-111 should be used circumspectly because it may cause chromosomal
      damage in labelled cells, but it is clearly useful as a radiolabel for following
      the migration pathways of lymphocytes in vivo.

PMID- 6435792
TI  - Psychotic reactions during treatment of pituitary tumours with dopamine agonists.
AB  - Of 600 patients treated with the dopamine agonist drugs bromocriptine and
      lisuride for functioning pituitary tumours, eight developed drug related
      psychoses. Symptoms included auditory hallucinations, delusional ideas, and
      appreciable changes in mood. These reactions occurred with lower doses of the
      drugs than previously reported and remitted when treatment was stopped. The
      possibility of psychiatric side effects with dopamine agonist treatment should be
      recognised in view of the strain that may be placed on patients and their
      families.

PMID- 6435793
TI  - Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss.
AB  - A series of 103 early postmenopausal women completed a questionnaire about their
      dietary calcium intake and were then divided into three groups: those with an
      intake below 550 mg/day, those with an intake between 550 and 1150 mg/day, and
      those with an intake above 1150 mg/day. Thereafter they were given a daily
      supplement of 500 mg calcium for two years and had their bone mineral content
      measured every three months. Any changes found were taken as an estimate of bone
      calcium balance. All three groups showed a similar fall in bone mineral content
      over the two years, indicating that a calcium intake of 1000-2000 g daily is
      ineffective in preventing bone loss in the early menopause.

PMID- 6435794
TI  - Detection of arrhythmia: limited usefulness of patient activated recording
      devices.
AB  - The findings of 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography and monitoring with the
      Cardiomemo, a device recording 32 seconds of electrocardiogram during symptoms,
      were compared in 20 patients with symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia. Ambulatory
      electrocardiography showed arrhythmia in seven patients, extrasystoles in six,
      and normal findings in seven. Nine patients failed to transmit any Cardiomemo
      recordings, and the Cardiomemo failed to show ventricular and supraventricular
      tachycardia. It did not show any appreciable arrhythmia in the seven patients
      with normal 24 hour electrocardiograms. The Cardiomemo does not offer any
      important advantages over ambulatory electrocardiography, and its relative
      cheapness is outweighed by the limited number of patients who can use the device
      in one year. It can, however, reassure anxious patients of the absence of
      arrhythmia during symptoms.

PMID- 6435795
TI  - Which patients are cured of breast cancer?
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of 51 patients who survived for more than
      20 years after diagnosis of cancer of the breast were compared with those of 176
      contemporaries who died within 20 years after diagnosis. Of those who survived,
      18 (35%) had had pathologically affected axillary nodes compared with at least 86
      (49%) of those who died. Also, 11 (21%) of the survivors had had small tumours
      compared with 10 (6%) of those who died. Pathological review of tumours in the
      survivors showed 40 (78%) to have been infiltrating ductal carcinomas, of which
      13 (32%) were grade 3 lesions. These differences between the two groups were
      largely due to the prognostic value of these variables in the first five years
      after diagnosis. After a patient had survived five years the major prognostic
      variables were of little value in the prediction of which patients would be cured
      of breast cancer. Advanced age, which was of little prognostic value in the first
      five years after diagnosis, was of significant prognostic value in the longer
      term, partly due to the steep age gradient for mortality from other diseases.
      Nevertheless, seven of 19 deaths more than 20 years after first treatment were
      due to breast cancer. Late deaths from breast cancer may, however, have often
      been the result of metastases from second primaries rather than the late
      manifestation of micrometastases from the original primary carcinoma. Age,
      menstrual state, clinical stage, and axillary nodes being affected are thus of
      some prognostic value in cancer of the breast, but the present inadequacy of
      knowledge of the behaviour of the disease makes accurate prediction of which
      patients will be cured impossible.

PMID- 6435796
TI  - Hyperviscosity syndrome in IgE myeloma.

PMID- 6435797
TI  - Anoxic hepatic and intestinal injury from carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 6435798
TI  - Failure to thrive owing to inappropriate diet free of gluten and cows' milk.

PMID- 6435799
TI  - Spontaneous choledochal-colonic fistula treated by duodenoscopic sphincterotomy.

PMID- 6435801
TI  - Academic general practice.

PMID- 6435800
TI  - General practice audit of asthma in childhood.
AB  - It has been suggested that asthma is underdiagnosed in children. We studied the
      records of 52 children with asthma in our group practice. Although asthma had
      been positively diagnosed in roughly 10% of the children aged 18 months to 11
      years, to make the diagnosis required an average of 16 to 20 consultations for
      respiratory problems. According to the symptoms recorded before the diagnosis was
      made, only three quarters of the children had presented with wheeze and roughly a
      third had had difficulty in sleeping. We think that the doctor's time would be
      better spent teaching patients about their asthma than by repeatedly treating non
      existent respiratory infection.

PMID- 6435803
TI  - Brendoncare: an initiative in the care of the elderly.

PMID- 6435804
TI  - End of static decade for coronary disease?

PMID- 6435802
TI  - Halothane anaesthesia and liver damage.

PMID- 6435805
TI  - Motorcycling injuries in children.

PMID- 6435806
TI  - Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.

PMID- 6435807
TI  - Chlamydial perihepatitis (Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome) after hydrotubation.

PMID- 6435808
TI  - Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the elderly.

PMID- 6435809
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis.

PMID- 6435810
TI  - Fireworks.

PMID- 6435811
TI  - What can consultants expect from the Griffiths report?

PMID- 6435812
TI  - Stable serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an epidemiological marker.
AB  - Using a simple and rapid microassay, we tested 100 strains of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae isolated from 81 patients (41 men and 40 women) for their sensitivity
      to killing by normal human serum (NHS). The reproducibility of the test was good
      when the bactericidal end points were taken as the dilution of fresh NHS that
      killed more than 95% of the test organisms. The bactericidal end points of
      strains isolated either from different anatomical sites or from sexual partners
      correlated well with the levels of sensitivity to serum of corresponding
      isolates, as well as with auxotypes. When the strains were not highly resistant
      to killing by NHS, this marker gave a precise definition of each strain and
      permitted the differentiation of isolates belonging to common auxotypes.

PMID- 6435813
TI  - Serogrouping Neisseria gonorrhoeae: correlation of coagglutination serogroup WII
      with homosexually acquired infection.
AB  - With coagglutination reagents prepared against W antigens, 205 clinical isolates
      of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were classified into three serogroups WI, WII, and WIII.
      Of 195 strains isolated from patients who acquired their infection in the
      Edinburgh area, 85 (44%) belonged to serogroup WI and 110 (56%) to serogroup WII.
      Serogroup WII accounted for 90% of all isolates from homosexual men and for 34%
      and 47% of isolates from heterosexual men and women respectively (p less than
      0.001). In homosexual men serogroup WII predominated regardless of the anatomical
      site from which the strain was isolated, and accounted for 94% of rectal, 90% of
      urethral, and 81% of pharyngeal isolates.

PMID- 6435814
TI  - Activity of ciprofloxacin against genital tract pathogens.
AB  - The in vitro activity of the quinolone carboxylic acid, ciprofloxacin, against a
      variety of genital tract pathogens was examined. Each of 35 isolates of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, including some beta-lactamase producing strains and strains
      resistant to tetracycline, was inhibited at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l. Most
      (13 of 20) strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were inhibited at 1 mg/l but three
      isolates had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8 mg/l or more. Each of
      seven strains of Chlamydia trachomatis was completely inhibited at a
      concentration of 2 mg/l. Prolonged (72 hours) exposure of the chlamydiae to
      ciprofloxacin was required for inhibition at this concentration.

PMID- 6435815
TI  - [A new particle of chromatin obtained by proteolysis of histones with
      clostripain].
AB  - The proteolysis of the chromatin core particle by the arginine-specific
      endopeptidase clostripain yields a new nucleoprotein particle containing an
      unaltered DNA fragment of about 145 base pairs in length and a protein octameric
      core made up of twice the four histone fragments H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. This
      composition is suggested by the molecular weight of about 180 kd determined for
      the new particle by small angle neutron scattering. The histone fragments differ
      by about 2-3 kd each from the initial histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and they
      correspond to the cleavage of the N-terminal part of the sequence (20-30
      residues). A preliminary investigation by thermal denaturation, circular
      dichroism and small angle neutron scattering (measurement of a radius of gyration
      by the H2O-D2O contrast variation technique) indicates that the spatial
      organization of the new chromatin particle closely resembles that of the initial
      core particle.

PMID- 6435816
TI  - [Isoenzymatic strains of Trypanosoma cruzi: recent or ancient, homogeneous or
      heterogeneous origin?].
AB  - Genetic variability studied among 13 Trypanosoma cruzi laboratory reference
      stocks confirms the existence of three principal isozymic categories. As the main
      part of enzymic variability is now recognized, it seems possible to attribute any
      stock to the taxon T. cruzi with safety. Genetic parameters allow to infer two
      main hypotheses relative to the evolutionary origin of these categories: ancient
      origin (either by mitotic evolution or by speciation), or recent origin (by clone
      sampling among a sexual ancestral population). The possibility of a heterogeneous
      origin of the strains is discussed.

PMID- 6435817
TI  - [Comparative study of the vasoreactivity of isolated human cortical and
      juxtamedullary glomeruli using verapamil and dopamine].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to compare the area variations of human
      cortical and juxtamedullary glomeruli after incubation with verapamil and
      dopamine. The glomeruli were isolated by sieving; areas were measured by a video
      analyser. The surface of the cortical glomeruli increases largely with verapamil
      (+14,3%) and dopamine (+11,5%). But, the area of the juxtamedullary glomeruli
      remains unchanged in the same experimental conditions. Evidence of such a
      vasoreactivity difference between cortical and juxtamedullary glomeruli will
      permit a better understanding in the regulation of renal haemodynamics.

PMID- 6435818
TI  - [Controlled results of the oral anticholera vaccine from the Institut Pasteur
      during the Shaba-Zaire epidemic in 1983].
AB  - Pasteur Institute oral cholera vaccine has been evaluated in the district of
      Malemba NKulu (Zaire). A cholera epidemic began 7 months after the vaccination.
      216 cholera cases occurred among 18,377 control non-vaccinated subjects and 57
      cases occurred among 6,249 subjects vaccinated by the conventional parenterally
      administered vaccine. In contrast, only 6 cholera cases occurred among 12,014
      subjects vaccinated by the oral cholera vaccine.

PMID- 6435819
TI  - [Differential action of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol on myocardial cells and
      fibroblasts. Obtaining primary cultures of pure myocardial cells].
AB  - Newborn rat myocardial cells, grown in primary cultures, beat synchronously.
      Addition of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, at a 2.5 microM concentration, impairs
      this synchrony and may even stop any contraction. The associated fibroblasts no
      longer adhere to the support, and can be washed away by fresh culture medium.
      This restores the synchronous beatings of the myocardial cells, the viability of
      which is then even improved while they grow in the absence of fibroblasts.

PMID- 6435820
TI  - [Stimulating action of human serum on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in
      human lymphocytes activated by lectins: demonstration of the GH-dependency and
      its limitations].
AB  - Using thymidine uptake by activated human lymphocytes to measure the growth
      stimulating activity of human serum, the authors demonstrate that thymidine
      activity was significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) with GH levels. r =
      0.729 when GH values are below 3.5 ng/ml, r = 0.509 when GH values are below 8
      ng/ml and r = 0.337 for all of the patients. Low levels of GH are sufficient for
      the generation of this activity.

PMID- 6435821
TI  - [Chronic active hepatitis in infants diagnosed by liver biopsy].

PMID- 6435822
TI  - [Clinical study on the use of "14 amino acids-800" in treating hepatic coma].

PMID- 6435823
TI  - [Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus].

PMID- 6435824
TI  - [Analysis of serum haptoglobin typing in 1,390 subjects of Han nationality].

PMID- 6435825
TI  - [Serum DNA binding protein in mice with cancer].

PMID- 6435826
TI  - [Simultaneous recording of auditory brain stem evoked potential and transtympanic
      ECochG in the diagnosis of the cerebellopontine angle lesion].

PMID- 6435827
TI  - [Ultrastructure of gallstone and detection of its trace elements].

PMID- 6435828
TI  - [Chromosomal changes in acute leukemia: report of 42 cases analyzed by G
      banding].

PMID- 6435829
TI  - [Bridged cross free myocutaneous flap of latissimus dorsi muscle--a case report].

PMID- 6435831
TI  - [Medical progress in China and overseas].

PMID- 6435830
TI  - [Human tumor stem cells in soft agar culture].

PMID- 6435832
TI  - The ADFR concept revisited.

PMID- 6435833
TI  - Life-style and bone mineral mass in perimenopausal women.
AB  - The bone mineral content of the forearms was measured in 395 women, aged 49, and
      correlated with menarche, menopause, parity, lactation, contraceptives, diet,
      smoking, and physical activity. Late menarche and early menopause were associated
      with a lower than average bone mineral content whereas the life-style parameters
      were not.

PMID- 6435834
TI  - Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in newborn infants with fracture of the
      clavicle.
AB  - Determinations of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), calcitonin (CT), and
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) were carried out in 36 full-term newborn infants with
      fracture of the clavicle (CF) and in 46 normal neonates (N). At the 6th hour of
      life the CF neonates demonstrated lower serum Ca and higher serum CT in
      comparison with normal infants. In the hours following, no significant
      differences between the two groups for the Ca levels were found, whereas serum CT
      remained significantly higher in the CF newborns at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hour
      of life. Significant differences between normal and CF infants in the PTH serum
      levels were detected only at the 48th hour, when PTH was lower in the CF
      newborns. The results of this investigation indicate that the fracture of the
      clavicle is a significant and peculiar factor in stimulating CT secretion. Serum
      Ca level appeared to be controlled by CT rather than auto-regulating the
      secretion of the hormone.

PMID- 6435835
TI  - Compositional, structural, and phase changes in in vitro laser-irradiated human
      tooth enamel.
AB  - Tooth enamel laser irradiated under certain conditions previously has been shown
      to have reduced subsurface demineralization rates. Identification of these laser
      induced changes has bearing on understanding the dissolution rate reduction
      mechanism; some of these changes, ones that occur in high temperature regions,
      were studied in this report. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were
      used to identify changes in enamel of extracted intact human teeth subjected to
      high energy density (approximately 10,000 J/cm2) 10.6 microns wavelength carbon
      dioxide laser irradiance. The laser irradiance melted the enamel apatite; this
      solidified melt was composed of minor phases of alpha-tricalcium phosphate, alpha
      Ca3 (PO4)2, and tetracalcium phosphate, Ca4(PO4)2O, and a major phase of modified
      apatite. The apatite modifications, as compared with the original were (1)
      reductions in contents of water, protein, carbonate, and chloride (or chloride
      rearrangement); (2) essentially no change in apatite hydroxide content; (3)
      possible incorporation of oxide replacing some hydroxide ions; and (4) an uptake
      of traces of carbon dioxide and cyanate. An infrared band at 434 cm-1 that
      appears in spectra of hydroxyapatite partially dehydroxylated by thermal
      treatment was assigned to oxide translation. This band was utilized to search for
      oxide formation in the laser-irradiated tooth enamel.

PMID- 6435836
TI  - Exacerbation of rickets and osteomalacia by maize: a study of bone
      histomorphometry and composition in young baboons.
AB  - Three groups of young baboons were fed for 16 months on one of three diets. The
      first group was given a well-tried semisynthetic formula, the second group the
      same diet save that vitamin D had been omitted, and the third group was given the
      vitamin D-free diet in which maize replaced the dextrin normally used. Although
      both groups fed the vitamin D-free diets developed rickets and osteomalacia, the
      group receiving maize did so far more rapidly and to a much greater degree of
      severity, as evidenced by clinical, radiological, biochemical, and histological
      signs. The mechanism by which maize acts remains unclear, but this report serves
      to emphasize the extremely detrimental effects that might be expected in
      populations who are deficient in vitamin D and who have predominantly cereal
      diets.

PMID- 6435837
TI  - 6-Keto-prostaglandin E1-stimulated bone resorption in organ culture.
AB  - Previous investigations have shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 13, 14-dihydro
      PGE2, and prostacyclin (PGI2) are among the most potent prostaglandin stimulators
      of bone resorption. 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha; also
      called 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha), a metabolite of PGI2 formed by spontaneous
      hydrolysis, has little bone resorptive or other biological activity. The present
      study demonstrated that another metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 (6
      keto-PGE1; also called 6-oxo-prostaglandin E1), was active in stimulating bone
      resorption in fetal rat long bone organ culture. 6-Keto-PGE1 stimulated
      significant release of previously incorporated 45Ca over the concentration range
      of 10(-9) to 10(-5) M. The potency of 6-keto-PGE1 was one-twelfth that of PGE2.
      If 6-keto-PGE1 is formed by bone or adjacent tissues, or reaches bone through the
      circulation, it could significantly affect bone mineral metabolism.

PMID- 6435838
TI  - Inhibition by 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol of hormonal secretion of rat
      parathyroid gland in organ culture.
AB  - The effect of vitamin D metabolites on parathyroid hormone secretion was studied
      using rat parathyroid gland cultured in basal medium Eagle containing 5% serum
      obtained from thyroparathyroidectomized rat, 1 mM magnesium, and calcium
      concentration varying from 0.75-2.25 mM, and radioimmunoassay for rat parathyroid
      hormone (rPTH). 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), 5 X 10(-10)-2.5 X
      10(-8) M, consistently decreased rPTH secretion in dose-related manner; the
      effect reached steady state after 24 h in vitro addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 and was
      also observed at different medium calcium concentrations (0.75, 1.25, 1.75 mM).
      Comparison of dose-responses for inhibitory activity of some vitamin D
      metabolites on rPTH secretion showed: 1,25(OH)2D3 = 1,24,25(OH)3D3 greater than 1
      alpha OHD3 greater than 25 OHD3. Cholecalciferol (10(-5) M), 24,25-dihydroxy
      cholecalciferol (10(-8)-10(-6) M) and 25,26-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (5 X 10(-9)
      5 X 10(-7) M) did not inhibit rPTH secretion. Analysis of structural activity
      relation of vitamin D metabolites studied indicated that 1 alpha or pseudo-1
      alpha hydroxylated metabolites or analogs were active in inhibiting rPTH
      secretion, while, non-1 alpha hydroxylated metabolites were without or were
      weakly inhibitory only at very high concentrations. This study provides further
      evidence for a direct role of 1,25(OH)2D3 on a negative feedback loop for
      regulation of parathyroid gland function.

PMID- 6435839
TI  - Comparative radioautographic study of the effects of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic
      acid on matrix secretion and Golgi of the mouse incisor.
AB  - The effect of a proline analog, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (LACA), on protein
      matrix secretion by odontoblasts and ameloblasts was compared by light and
      electron microscopic radioautography after injection of 3H-glycine in young mice.
      LACA inhibited the secretion of dentin matrix with consequent accumulation of 3H
      glycine labeled procollagen in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
      In contrast, LACA had no apparent effect on ameloblasts as enamel matrix
      continued to be packaged in the Golgi apparatus and secreted from Tomes' process
      within 30 min after injection of the radioprecursor. Electron microscopy revealed
      that LACA did not cause any change in ameloblast ultrastructure but produced a
      marked alteration of the odontoblast Golgi complex. All odontoblast Golgi
      saccules and collagen secretion granules disappeared within 2 h after LACA
      administration. Odontoblast Golgi cisternae, however, appeared not to be
      affected. These observations confirm previous studies conducted in this
      laboratory showing that Golgi saccules in collagen-secreting cells are the
      initial staging areas for the formation of secretory granules. These results also
      indicate that a close correlation exists between form and function in the Golgi
      apparatus of collagen-secreting cells.

PMID- 6435840
TI  - Calcium phosphate formation in aqueous suspensions of multilamellar liposomes.
AB  - The present study examined calcium phosphate precipitation in aqueous suspensions
      of multilamellar liposomes as a possible in vitro model for matrix vesicle
      mineralization. Liposomes were prepared by dispersing CHCl3-evaporated thin films
      of 7:2:1 and 7:1:1 molar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate, and
      cholesterol in aqueous solutions containing 0, 25, or 50 mM PO4 and 0 or 0.8 mM
      Mg. After removal of unencapsulated PO4 by gel filtration, the liposomes were
      suspended in 1.33 mM Ca/0.8 mM Mg solutions and made permeable to these cations
      by the addition of the ionophore X-537A. All experiments were carried out at pH
      7.4, 22 degrees C, and 240 mOsm. In the absence of entrapped PO4, Ca2+ taken up
      by the liposomes was largely bound to inner membrane surfaces. With PO4 present,
      Ca2+ uptake increased as much as sixfold with maximum accumulations well above
      values sufficient for solid formation. Precipitated solids appeared to be located
      predominantly in the aqueous intermembranous spaces of the liposomes. Amorphous
      calcium phosphate (ACP) precipitated initially in the presence of entrapped Mg2+,
      then subsequently converted to apatite intermixed with some octacalcium
      phosphate. The stability of the liposomal ACP was somewhat greater than that
      observed in bulk solutions under comparable conditions of pH, temperature, and
      electrolyte makeup. In time, the mineral deposits caused entrapped PO4 to leak
      from the liposomes. These findings suggest that the precipitation within
      liposomes is similar to that which occurs in macro-volume synthetic systems but
      that the precipitated solid eventually impairs the integrity of the surrounding
      intermembranous space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435841
TI  - Bone loss after glucocorticoid therapy.

PMID- 6435842
TI  - XVIII European symposium on calcified tissues. 15-18 October 1984. Angers,
      France. Abstracts.

PMID- 6435843
TI  - Monitoring total parenteral nutrition with the pocket computer.

PMID- 6435844
TI  - Effect of acid-base status on plasma phosphorus response to lactate.
AB  - The mechanism(s) underlying the hyperphosphatemia of lactic acidosis is
      uncertain. We assessed the interacting influence of the acid anion and acid-base
      status on plasma phosphorus concentration by administering lactic acid alone,
      lactic acid plus sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate alone, and sodium lactate
      alone to four different groups of dogs. The findings of (1) no increase in plasma
      phosphorus concentration with lactic acid plus sodium bicarbonate versus a marked
      increment with lactic acid alone, and (2) no difference in the plasma phosphorus
      response to sodium lactate versus sodium bicarbonate indicate that acidemia is
      necessary for the expression of lactate-induced hyperphosphatemia. The apparent
      greater propensity for marked hyperphosphatemia in lactic acidosis than in other
      types of metabolic acidosis remains unexplained, but conceivably might relate to
      differences in intracellular pH and in the rate of glycolysis.

PMID- 6435845
TI  - Management of toxic substances and hazardous wastes.
AB  - This paper describes the extent of the hazardous and toxic chemical waste
      problems in Canada and discusses the management, treatment, and disposal methods
      commonly used in North America and Europe. The treatment and disposal techniques
      covered are biological, physical-chemical, incineration technologies, and secure
      land disposal. Some of the available and emerging technologies for destruction of
      polychlorinated biphenyls are also described.

PMID- 6435846
TI  - The destruction of halogenated organic chemicals by plasma pyrolysis.
AB  - Very high destruction efficiencies for halogenated chemicals have been achieved
      by plasma pyrolysis. Destruction efficiencies exceeded 99.9999999% for tests with
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Preliminary tests with tetrachloromethane have
      obtained destruction efficiencies exceeding 99.99%. The plasma pyrolysis process
      involved the creation of a 250-kW plasma with a temperature in excess of 25 000
      degrees C. The toxic material was injected into the plasma zone at a rate between
      1 and 2 L/min. Thermochemical and photochemical dissociation of the toxic
      materials produced atoms and ions which recombined to form primarily H2, CO, HCl,
      and particulate carbon. The HCl was neutralized by NaOH. The flaring of the H2
      and CO should destroy to a high degree any trace residuals. The application of
      plasma pyrolysis for the ultimate disposal of toxicological waste was also
      investigated. Rat carcasses containing mean lethal dosage of PCB were pyrolyzed.

PMID- 6435848
TI  - Why rule out unlikely diagnoses?

PMID- 6435847
TI  - Pseudomonas bacteriophage phi KZ contains an inner body in its capsid.
AB  - Electron microscopical examination of the new virulent bacteriophage phi KZ,
      specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has revealed an unusual structure in its
      capsid. In the center of the phage head is a cylinder of low electron density
      ("inner body"), surrounded by fibrous material which is packed around the inner
      body in a spoollike manner. The inner body itself has a springlike appearance.
      These structures disappear after adsorption of phage particles to bacteria.
      Various morphological forms, which can be interpreted as intermediate steps in
      phi KZ DNA condensation, have been seen in ultrathin sections of phi KZ-infected
      cells.

PMID- 6435849
TI  - Future American medical practice: less respect, less freedom?

PMID- 6435850
TI  - Barriers to care.
AB  - In elevating cost containment to a first principle, the current political debate
      about health policy in the U.S. and Canada has lost sight of what should be its
      primary concern: the health status of the population. The two need not be
      incompatible. Many current medical procedures are of uncertain value for health
      and entail sizable costs. The application of the knowledge obtained through
      randomized clinical trials to the practice of medicine can improve public health
      and at the same time save money for needed health purposes. Technology has come
      to dominate medical vision and has created conceptual barriers to responsive
      medical care. Doctors must attend to the illness experience of the patient as
      well as disease in organs and tissues. The limits of the biomedical model in
      psychiatry are illustrated by means of a hypothetical instrument: the PET/NMR
      cephaloscope. Clinical experience in psychiatry makes it abundantly clear that
      family and cultural environment are decisive determinants of functional status,
      even in disease conditions with a major organic component.

PMID- 6435851
TI  - Results and toxicity of the treatment of anal canal carcinoma by radiation
      therapy or radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
AB  - The results of treating anal canal carcinoma by radical external beam radiation
      alone (RT) or by combined 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C and radiation (FUMIR), were
      compared in nonrandomized groups of patients treated in a single center. In each
      treatment regimen, surgery was reserved for those patients with residual
      carcinoma. The uncorrected 5-year survival rate in each group was approximately
      70%, but primary tumor control was achieved in 93% (28/30) with FUMIR compared to
      60% (15/25) treated with RT. Acute hematologic and enterocolic toxicity with
      uninterrupted external beam radiation courses of 5000 cGy in 4 weeks plus
      chemotherapy led to the adoption of split-course treatment. Serious late toxicity
      requiring surgical intervention occurred in 3 of 25 following RT, and in 5 of 30
      following FUMIR. Colostomies were needed as part of treatment for residual
      carcinoma or for the management of treatment-related toxicity in 11 of 25 treated
      by RT and have been required to date in 4 of 30 treated by FUMIR. The improvement
      in the primary tumor control rate and the reduction in the number of patients
      requiring colostomy when compared with the results of RT favor combined
      chemotherapy and radiation as the initial treatment for anal canal carcinoma.

PMID- 6435852
TI  - Multihormonal carcinoid tumor of the pancreas. Secreting growth hormone-releasing
      factor as a cause of acromegaly.
AB  - This report describes the histologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural
      study of a multihormonal carcinoid tumor of the pancreas, secreting a growth
      hormone releasing factor (GRF) which provoked acromegaly. The patient presented a
      nonfamilial multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1. The absence of radiologic signs
      of a pituitary adenoma in conjunction with elevated plasma levels of pancreatic
      polypeptide, glucagon, somatostatin, as well as growth hormone (GH), led to the
      discovery of the tumor. Its surgical excision produced a rapid disappearance of
      most of the clinical and biologic disorders. No immunoreactive GH was found in
      the tumor using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. In contrast, three
      peptides with GH-releasing activity were extracted and characterized.
      Immunocytochemistry showed that the GRF-reactive cells, together with rare
      somatostatin-storing cells, made up areas which demonstrated a medullary pattern
      of growth with extracellular amyloid deposits. Under electron microscopic
      examination, actively secreting cells were observed which carried endocrine
      granules of 100 to 150 nm in diameter. The other regions of the tumor presented a
      different type of growth and were composed of pancreatic polypeptide-, glucagon-,
      or somatostatin-reacting cells. Cells immunostained with antisera raised against
      beta-endorphin were also noted. These data suggest that GRF may be a new biologic
      marker for pancreatic endocrine tumors.

PMID- 6435853
TI  - Analysis of hyaluronic acid in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.
AB  - Using a modified papain digestion cetylpyridinium salt precipitation method,
      glycosaminoglycans were isolated from 21 mesotheliomas, 34 primary lung
      carcinomas, 12 carcinomas of other sites, and 7 soft tissue sarcomas.
      Qualitatively, hyaluronic acid (HA) was present in 20 of 21 mesotheliomas, about
      half of the primary lung adenocarcinomas, and all of the soft tissue sarcomas. On
      the average, HA constituted 45% of the total glycosaminoglycans in the
      mesotheliomas and 28% of the total in the lung cancers. Quantitatively,
      mesotheliomas contained statistically greater amounts (mean value, 0.74 mg/g) of
      HA than primary lung adenocarcinomas (mean value, 0.08 mg/g), but were not
      statistically different from soft tissue sarcomas (mean value, 2.01 mg/g) or
      primary ovarian serous neoplasms (mean value, 0.92 mg/g). The study concludes
      that, contrary to previous reports, HA is neither the sole nor the predominant
      glycosaminoglycan in most mesotheliomas, but, given the proper clinical and
      histologic setting, the finding of sufficiently high levels (greater than 0.4
      mg/g dry tissue extract) supports the diagnosis of mesothelioma when the
      alternative diagnosis is primary adenocarcinoma of lung.

PMID- 6435854
TI  - "Second-effort" surgical resection for bulky ovarian cancer.
AB  - Eighteen women with bulky ovarian cancer at the start of chemotherapy were
      brought to second laparotomy after 6 months of combination chemotherapy in an
      effort to resect previously unresectable tumor masses. Only one of 18 had
      significant resection of bulk tumor such that no gross tumor was remaining,
      although 8 of 15 had the residual uterus removed and 6 of 10 had resection of
      residual ovary or ovaries. Failure to resect tumor was due to absence of any
      gross tumor (33%), presence of myriad small seedlings not amenable to resection
      (22%), or massive residual tumor (18%). Partial resection was accomplished in
      22%, but all relapsed promptly in spite of continued aggressive therapy with
      drugs and whole abdominal irradiation. It is concluded that 6-month "second
      effort" surgical resection is unlikely to benefit many women with bulky ovarian
      cancer, and that surgical resection must be attempted early in the course of the
      disease if it is to be effective.

PMID- 6435855
TI  - Mycosis fungoides and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma in the same patient. A case
      report.
AB  - The simultaneous occurrence of two different lymphomas in a 57-year-old white
      woman is reported: mycosis fungoides and a leukemic lymphoplasmacytoid
      immunocytoma. The first was confirmed by histologic study and electron
      microscopy, and the latter by histologic study and immunoperoxidase staining. The
      lymphoid cells in the involved bone marrow and peripheral blood expressed the
      same surface immunoglobulin as was found in the cytoplasm of the immunocytoma
      cells, i.e., IgM-lambda. The clonal B-cell expansion was brought into a lasting
      remission by chlorambucil, but the cutaneous lymphoma proved to be refractory to
      therapy. The patient died 38 months after diagnosis.

PMID- 6435856
TI  - Levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer. A
      randomized controlled study of the MMC + Tegafur regimen with or without
      levamisole. Report I.
AB  - The usefulness of LMS in postoperative immunochemotherapy of gastric cancer was
      investigated. In compliance with the protocol, MMC was given at a dose of 20 mg
      on the day of gastrectomy, and an additional 10 mg on the next day IV. The
      patients receiving 600 mg Tegafur daily were then divided into two groups
      according to whether LMS was also given or not. LMS was administered for 3 days
      before the operation in a daily dose of 150 mg and for 1 year or more after
      operation according to a schedule of 3 days' administration followed by an 11-day
      interval. The 2-year follow-up demonstrated that in stage III patients, the LMS
      (+) regimen was superior to the LMS (-) regimen, since the former prolonged the
      relapse-free interval significantly. The survival rate for stage III disease was
      also significantly higher in the LMS (+) than in the LMS (-) group. There was no
      significant difference in the incidence of subjective or objective side-effects
      between two groups. The incidence of agranulocytosis was comparable in the two
      groups.

PMID- 6435857
TI  - Melphalan-mediated potentiation of antitumor immune responsiveness of
      immunosuppressed spleen cells from mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor.
AB  - Administration of a low dose of L-PAM (0.75 mg/kg) to mice bearing a large SC
      MOPC-315 tumor and extensive metastases led to the development of augmented
      antitumor immune potential in their hitherto immunosuppressed spleen cells. Such
      drug-induced potentiation of antitumor immune responsiveness appeared by day 2
      after chemotherapy, and it could not be further enhanced but was actually reduced
      by depletion of glass-adherent cells, a procedure which is effective in depleting
      the cells known to have inhibitory activity (i.e., macrophages and metastatic
      tumor cells). To establish that L-PAM can lead to selective in situ abrogation of
      the inhibitory effectiveness of the splenic macrophages and metastatic tumor
      cells, we demonstrated that incubation of immunosuppressed tumor-bearer spleen
      cells with a low concentration of L-PAM in vitro also resulted in augmented
      antitumor immune potential that could not be further augmented by depletion of
      glass-adherent cells. L-PAM-mediated enhancement of the antitumor immune
      potential of immunosuppressed tumor bearer spleen cells was due at least in part
      to the effects of the drug on the splenic metastatic tumor cells. Isolated tumor
      cells treated with a low concentration of L-PAM were not only devoid of
      inhibitory activity for the primary in vitro antitumor immune response by normal
      spleen cells, but actually manifested a strong immunostimulatory capacity. Thus,
      L-PAM given at a low dose enhances the development of potent antitumor immunity
      which brings about the eradication of a large tumorigenic load that remains after
      the drug has been cleared from the circulation.

PMID- 6435858
TI  - Effect of malignant transformation, retinoic acid, trifluoperazine, and N-(6
      aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W7) on the sensitivity of rodent
      cells to Pseudomonas toxin.
AB  - A number of mouse and rat cells and their virus-transformed counterparts were
      tested for sensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PEA). In each case,
      the transformed cells were considerably less sensitive than were the
      nontransformed cells. In the presence of trifluoperazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5
      chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, or retinoic acid, the transformed cells became
      as sensitive as the nontransformed cells, whereas these drugs had little or no
      effect on the sensitivity to PEA of the nontransformed cells. Temperature
      sensitive virus-transformed normal rabbit kidney cells were sensitized to PEA by
      N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, when these cells were grown
      as the transformed phenotype, whereas the nontransformed phenotype could not be
      sensitized. The possibility is discussed that upon malignant transformation a
      process which is dependent upon calmodulin or protein kinase C strongly decreases
      the sensitivity of the cells to PEA.

PMID- 6435859
TI  - Comparison of antibody isotypes in sera and circulating immune complexes during
      tumor growth and metastasis of three tumor models in mice.
AB  - The sera and circulating immune complexes (CICs) from mice bearing either UV-2237
      mm, K-1735 M2, or B16-BL6 were analyzed for antibody isotype distribution during
      primary tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis. These studies clearly
      demonstrate that elevated CIC concentrations parallel the initial stages of
      primary tumor growth; however, the CICs, as well as serum concentration of all
      immunoglobulin G isotypes, rapidly decrease to near normal levels in the presence
      of heavy tumor burden. Following resection of the primary footpad tumor,
      increases in CIC levels paralleled outgrowth of metastasis; however, the antibody
      content of the CICs was isotypically restricted to immunoglobulin G2b and
      immunoglobulin G3 regardless of the tumor type. The immunoglobulin G isotype
      content of the CICs did not correspond to elevations in the serum concentrations
      of each respective isotype during neither primary nor metastatic tumor growth.
      This serial study indicates that the use of non-antigen-specific assays for CICs
      without regard to tumor burden or possible antibody isotypic restriction may be
      misleading, and that CIC levels can indeed correlate with metastatic tumor
      burden.

PMID- 6435860
TI  - Effect of antineoplastic agents on gamma-interferon production in human
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Since gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) is a potent immunomodulator and patients
      receiving certain antineoplastic agents are at risk of unusual infections, we
      have determined the effect of certain antineoplastic agents on IFN-gamma
      production. Induction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors in
      the presence and absence of various antineoplastic agents was achieved using
      phytohemagglutinin (8 micrograms/ml). Supernatants were then separated by
      centrifugation, dialyzed, and assayed for interferon. Cell viability was always
      greater than 85% with or without the presence of drugs. Hydrocortisone was found
      to eliminate IFN-gamma production if added within 24 hr after the
      phytohemagglutinin. The suppression of IFN-gamma production occurred with
      hydrocortisone concentrations as low as 0.65 microgram/ml, was associated with a
      diminished proliferative response to the lectin, and occurred with other
      interferon inducers including staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Adriamycin (0.4
      microgram/ml) and vincristine (0.08 microgram/ml) also diminished IFN-gamma
      production, but only if the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pretreated
      with the drugs. Methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine failed to
      influence the yield of IFN-gamma. These results are significantly different from
      experiments previously reported using alpha- and beta-interferons and suggest an
      important mechanism by which these drugs can produce immunosuppression.

PMID- 6435861
TI  - Antitumor properties of (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5-diamine, a new potent enzyme
      activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, in rodents.
AB  - (2R,5R)-6-Heptyne-2,5-diamine hydrochloride (MDL 72175) is a new, potent, and
      selective inhibitor of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. MDL 72175 given p.o. in
      drinking fluid reduced by 80% the growth of EMT6 sarcoma in mice and of HTC
      hepatoma in rats. It prolonged the survival of mice bearing L1210 or P388
      leukemias and inhibited the development of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice at doses
      10- to 20-fold lower than those of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, the most widely
      used irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. MDL 72175 depleted
      putrescine and spermidine levels in the tumors to the same extent as did alpha
      difluoromethylornithine. In the EMT6 sarcoma, MDL 72175 achieved at low doses a
      greater maximal antitumor effect than did alpha-difluoromethylornithine. In
      combination therapy, MDL 72175 plus Adriamycin gave at least additive antitumor
      effects on solid tumors and experimental leukemias in animals. The combination
      MDL 72175 plus methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) also gave additive antitumor
      effects on P388 leukemia, associated with an increased uptake of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone); in contrast, antagonistic effects were observed with this
      combination on EMT6 tumors in mice. Since MDL 72175 did not present toxicity at
      effective antitumor doses, this new ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor can be
      considered as a promising antitumor drug.

PMID- 6435862
TI  - Cellular DNA of human neoplastic B-cells measured by flow cytometry.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA of tumor cells rapidly provides information on
      cell kinetics and tumor ploidy. Human B-cell lymphomas, however, often contain
      high numbers of nonneoplastic cells, mainly T-lymphocytes, which may hamper the
      accurate measurement of cell cycle phases and ploidy level of these tumors. The
      neoplastic cells in each B-cell lymphoma express a single immunoglobulin light
      chain. Therefore, we labeled surface immunoglobulin light chains to discriminate
      between predominantly neoplastic B-cells and nonneoplastic cells in the same
      tissues. Using this label as well as antibodies against nonneoplastic T-cells, we
      performed multiparameter correlated flow cytometric analysis of 52 human B-cell
      lymphomas measuring cellular DNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic populations from
      the same tissues without physical separation of cells. Comparison of cellular DNA
      of immunoglobulin light chain-bearing neoplastic cells with that of nonneoplastic
      cells from the same tumor enabled us to detect DNA changes (aneuploidy) in almost
      80% of the lymphomas, an incidence higher than observed previously by
      conventional DNA analysis of unseparated cells. These ploidy changes were
      confirmed by comparing in the same tumor the DNA of normal T-cells with that of
      predominantly neoplastic cells. The proportion of neoplastic cells in the
      synthetic phase of the cell cycle (S-fraction) varied widely from tumor to tumor.
      Lymphomas with high neoplastic S-fractions (higher than 10%) were mostly
      hyperdiploid tumors and histologically corresponded to intermediate- and high
      grade unfavorable lymphomas. Tumors with low neoplastic S-fractions (less than
      5%) were predominantly diploid and near diploid, histologically low-grade
      lymphomas. Six lymphomas showed two discrete cell populations bearing the same
      immunoglobulin light chain but containing different amounts of DNA suggesting the
      presence of two neoplastic clones in the same tumor (biploidy). In two patients
      in whom the lymphoma relapsed at 17 and 34 months, respectively, after the
      initial biopsies, repeat tumor samples were obtained. Despite an increase in the
      neoplastic S-fraction, no change in ploidy level was observed in either case.
      Light scatter analysis suggested a relationship between cell size and genomic
      size; large cells in these tumors were mostly presynthetic aneuploid cells. The
      ability to measure DNA, antigens, and cell size in individual cells in a rapid,
      correlated manner is a unique attribute of flow cytometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6435863
TI  - Inhibition of growth of human or hamster pancreatic cancer cell lines by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine alone and combined with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).
AB  - A major problem in the therapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is its inherent
      resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents. Previously, we have reported that the
      four pancreatic cancer cell lines studied here have elevated levels of ornithine
      decarboxylase, a growth-regulating enzyme, and further that the degree of
      elevation tends to parallel the degree of chemoresistance. On the basis of these
      prior findings, we investigated the effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, alone and in combination
      with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin), to which two of the four cell
      lines display relative resistance. The cell lines studied were: two of human
      origin, PANC-1 and COLO-357; and two of hamster origin, WD PaCa and PD PaCa.
      Colony formation (clonogenic) assays were used to evaluate drug effects. Cells
      were exposed continuously to DFMO in medium. For the combined treatments, cells
      were exposed to cisplatin for 1 hr, washed, and then plated in DFMO-containing
      medium. The inhibitory effects of DFMO were predominantly cytostatic, were
      reversible by putrescine, and were roughly additive when combined with cisplatin.
      Our panel of cell lines responded heterogeneously to DFMO, with PANC-1 and WD
      PaCa showing the most sensitivity. The combination of DFMO and cisplatin appears
      to be a promising experimental approach to overcoming drug resistance in
      pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 6435864
TI  - Induction of mouse IgG2a- and IgG3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human
      monocytic cells (U937) by immune interferon.
AB  - The effects of natural and recombinant human gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) on
      mouse monoclonal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by U937
      human monocytic-like cells were examined. The efficiency of mouse monoclonal
      antibody of different isotypes in inducing ADCC was also compared. The number of
      receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (FcR) for mouse IgG2a and
      IgG3 on U937 cells, as detected by IgG antibody-sensitized erythrocyte rosette
      formation, was significantly enhanced by IFN-gamma. In contrast, FcR for mouse
      IgG1 and IgG2b were not detected even after IFN-gamma stimulation. U937 cell
      mediated ADCC against sheep or ox red blood cell targets was minimal. However,
      after incubation with human purified IFN-gamma, U937 cells exhibited increased
      activity in IgG2a- and IgG3-dependent lysis, whereas their activity in IgG1- and
      IgG2b-dependent lysis was low. ADCC stimulated by IFN-gamma was inhibited by
      Protein A. When mouse peritoneal exudate cells were used, FcR for all IgG
      isotypes were easily detected, and all IgG isotypes mediated ADCC. Taken
      together, these results indicate that IFN-gamma induces U937 cell ADCC with mouse
      IgG2a and IgG3 partly through augmentation of FcR expression. Recombinant IFN
      gamma showed the same effect as natural IFN-gamma. These effects of IFN-gamma
      were completely abrogated by anti-IFN-gamma serum but not by anti-IFN-alpha or
      normal rabbit serum. Addition of polymyxin B or lipopolysaccharide did not affect
      the activity of IFN-gamma.

PMID- 6435865
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase and the activation of benzo(a)pyrene to
      reactive metabolites in vivo in guinea pigs.
AB  - The role of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase in the in vivo activation of
      benzo(a)pyrene to reactive metabolites capable of interacting irreversibly with
      cellular macromolecules was studied in guinea pig liver, lung, kidney, spleen,
      small intestine, colon, and brain. DNA and protein covalent binding experiments
      were made after systemic administration of acetylsalicylic acid (200 mg/kg)
      followed by radiolabeled benzo(a)pyrene (4 microgram/kg). Results are compared
      with a control situation in which the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase
      inhibitor (acetylsalicylic acid) was not administered. No decrease in the level
      of DNA or protein benzo(a)pyrene-derived covalent binding was observed in any of
      the tissues studied.

PMID- 6435866
TI  - Kinetics of glutathione transferase, glutathione transferase messenger RNA, and
      reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate):quinone reductase induction
      by 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole in mice.
AB  - The mechanisms by which 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) protects against
      chemical carcinogenesis and toxicity include enhancement of the activities of
      several detoxification enzymes. In previous studies, 14-day administration of BHA
      to female CD-1 mice at 0.75% of the diet led to large increases in cytosolic
      glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) and reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.6.99.2) [NAD(P)H:quinone
      reductase; DT-diaphorase] specific activities in several tissues, and elevated
      hepatic glutathione transferase messenger RNA. In the present study, one day of
      dietary BHA significantly increased NAD(P)H:quinone reductase and glutathione
      transferase activities in the liver, kidney, and proximal small intestine, and
      NAD(P)H:quinone reductase activity in the forestomach and lung. In the proximal
      small intestine, glutathione transferase specific activities toward 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene rose to 2.6 and 8 times those of
      control, respectively, and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase specific activity doubled,
      within 1 day on the BHA diet. Six hr after a single p.o. dose of BHA (620 mg/kg),
      intestinal glutathione transferase specific activities were 30 to 50% above those
      of control mice. In liver, the kinetics of increase of glutathione transferase
      messenger RNA were in accord with increased synthesis as the mechanism of
      elevation of glutathione transferase activity in response to BHA. Although
      changes in mixed-function oxygenase activities have been reported to occur more
      rapidly, the kinetics of the response of glutathione transferase and
      NAD(P)H:quinone reductase specific activities to BHA indicates that nonoxidative
      detoxification potential is substantially enhanced within 24 hr or less after
      initiation of BHA administration.

PMID- 6435867
TI  - Physiological effects in bovine lymphocytes of inhibiting polyamine synthesis
      with ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone).
AB  - Previous results have suggested that ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) is a more
      specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis than the widely used methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone). The physiological effects on mitogenically activated
      lymphocytes of polyamine depletion with ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) were
      examined. In the presence of ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and the ornithine
      decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine, the cellular contents of
      putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were decreased by 75 to 90, 65 to 80, and 40
      to 60%, respectively, compared with control cultures. Inhibition of DNA synthesis
      in these polyamine-deficient cells was always greater than that of protein
      synthesis. Upon addition of spermidine to the deficient cells, the cellular
      spermidine content was restored within 4 hr, but the complete recovery of
      macromolecular synthesis took 10 to 20 hr. Thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase
      alpha activities in polyamine-deficient cells were lower than those in normal
      cells, whereas RNA polymerase II and leucyl transfer RNA synthase activities were
      nearly equal to those in normal cells. These results and studies with 2
      dimensional gel electrophoresis raise the possibility that polyamines may
      regulate the synthesis of specific proteins. Decreased synthesis of replication
      proteins in polyamine-deficient cells may be one reason for the reduced synthesis
      of DNA.

PMID- 6435868
TI  - Induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase by retinoic acid in two transformed
      human cell lines.
AB  - 2',5'-Oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase, which polymerizes adenosine triphosphate
      into 2-5A, is induced upon treatment of cells with interferon (IFN) and is
      thought to be involved in its antiviral and anticellular action. We report here
      that retinoic acid (RA) enhanced the level of this enzyme in two human
      transformed cell lines, WISH and Namalva. Like IFN, RA induced 2-5A synthetase
      activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Addition of anti IFN-alpha, -IFN
      beta, or -IFN-gamma antibodies to the medium concomitantly with RA did not
      prevent such induction; therefore, the effect of RA is clearly not mediated
      through the induction and externalization of IFN. Pretreatment of cells with
      actinomycin D inhibited 2-5A synthetase induction by RA, suggesting that RA
      increased the transcription of the 2-5A synthetase gene. In WISH cells, the
      growth of encephalomyocarditis virus was inhibited by RA treatment, which is
      consistent with the hypothesis that 2-5A synthetase plays an important role in
      the antiviral action of IFN, at least in encephalomyocarditis virus replication.
      When the anticellular effects of IFN and RA were compared to their ability to
      induce 2-5A synthetase activity in four human cell lines, there was no strict
      correlation between the amplitude of the enzyme activity induced and the extent
      of the antiproliferative effect. It is concluded that the 2-5A system is probably
      not the only pathway responsible for the antiproliferative effect of both
      substances. We further suggest that the induction of 2-5A synthetase by IFN and
      RA might be connected with at least some of the similarities observed between
      other biological effects of both compounds.

PMID- 6435869
TI  - Monitoring the therapy of lung cancer with alpha-1-acid glycoprotein.
AB  - Alpha-1-Acid glycoprotein is an acute-phase serum protein which is found in
      increased amounts in patients with a variety of cancers. This paper describes the
      application of discriminant analysis to the comparison of plasma levels of alpha
      1-acid glycoprotein in 95 patients with lung cancer and 84 patients without known
      cancer. Using this technique, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein measurement yielded a
      sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 84% in the detection of active lung cancer.
      In addition, a new method for analysis of serial tumor marker data is presented
      which demonstrates that normalization of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels during
      antineoplastic therapy correlates with a significantly prolonged relapse-free
      survival in lung cancer patients.

PMID- 6435870
TI  - Dopamine receptors: effects of chronic L-dopa and bromocriptine treatment in an
      animal model of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Male albino rats received a stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      into the right substantia nigra. Animals demonstrating contralateral rotations 2
      weeks postoperatively with apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were treated with L-Dopa
      (55 mg/kg i.p.), bromocriptine (2 mg/kg i.p.), or polyethylene glycol (vehicle)
      every 12 h for 30 days. Striatal dopamine (DA) receptors were analyzed by
      Scatchard plot using 3H-spiroperidol (3H-SP) as ligand. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic
      acid (DOPAC) and DA were measured by use of high pressure liquid chromatography.
      6-OHDA lesions produced a supersensitivity in striatal DA receptors. Chronic L
      Dopa or bromocriptine treatment reversed this supersensitivity. Neither lesion
      nor drug treatment alone or together produced a significant change in affinity
      (KD) for 3H-SP. Drug treatment alone also had no effect on Bmax. DA and DOPAC
      levels were reduced by greater than 98% in lesioned striata. Neither drug
      treatment affected DA or DOPAC levels as compared with controls. These results
      indicate that chronic administration of either bromocriptine or L-Dopa will
      reverse the DA receptor denervation supersensitivity in striatum seen following 6
      OHDA lesion. This reversal may play a role in the clinical changes seen in
      Parkinson's disease patients following chronic use of these drugs.

PMID- 6435871
TI  - Structure studies of amylose-V complexes and retrograded amylose by action of
      alpha amylases, and a new method for preparing amylodextrins.
AB  - Human-salivary, porcine-pancreatic, and Bacillus subtilis alpha amylases were
      used to study the structure of amylose-V complexes with butyl alcohol, tert-butyl
      alcohol, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 1-naphthol, and of retrograded amylose.
      Alpha amylase hydrolyzes the amorphous, folding areas on the surfaces of the
      lamella of packed helices, with the formation of resistant, amylodextrin
      fragments. Their degree of polymerization (d.p.) corresponds to the diameter of
      the helices and the folding length of the chain. The resistant fragments were
      fractionated on a column of Bio-Gel A-0.5m. Gel filtration of human-salivary and
      porcine-pancreatic alpha amylase hydrolyzates gave resistant fragments whose peak
      fractions, i.e., the three pooled fractions from the gel-filtration column with
      the highest amount of carbohydrate, had a d.p. of 75 +/- 4 for the amylose
      complex with butyl alcohol, 90 +/- 3 for those with tert-butyl alcohol and
      tetrachloroethane, and 123 +/- 2 for that with 1-naphthol. These d.p. values
      correspond to helices of six residues per turn with a folding length of 10 nm,
      seven residues per turn with a folding length of 10 nm, and eight residues per
      turn with a folding length of 12 nm (or nine residues per turn with a folding
      length of 10 nm), respectively. Acid hydrolysis of retrograded amylose gave a
      resistant fragment having an average d.p. of 32, human-salivary and porcine
      pancreatic alpha amylases gave a resistant fragment of d.p. 43, and Bacillus
      subtilis alpha amylase gave a resistant fragment of d.p. 50. A structure for
      retrograded amylose is proposed in which there are crystalline, double-helical
      regions that are 10 nm long, interspersed with amorphous regions. The amorphous
      regions are hydrolyzed by acid and by alpha amylases, leaving the crystalline
      regions intact. The differences in the sizes of the resistant amylodextrins
      depend on the differences in the specificities of the hydrolyzing agents: acid
      hydrolyzes right up to the edge of the crystalline region, whereas the alpha
      amylases hydrolyze up to some point several D-glucosyl residues away from the
      crystalline region, leaving "stubs" on the ends of the amylodextrins whose sizes
      are dependent on the sizes of the binding sites of the individual alpha
      amylases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6435872
TI  - Critical comments on galactosyltransferase.
AB  - Galactosyltransferase (GT) is reported to be a good marker for a number of
      malignancies. Analytical and preparative attempts to characterize the more
      specific tumor-associated GT II variant did not yield the expected improved
      applicability in routine clinical testing for cancer. They indicated instead a
      puzzling heterogeneity of GT and a special relationship between serum-GT forms
      and acceptorlike serum glycoproteins. These adducts may represent a general host
      response to malignant transformation and some nonmalignant events as well. The
      assay for GT II is, at present, too laborious and time consuming and not readily
      reproducible. From an extensive discussion of the problems and pitfalls of the GT
      assay and physiological variation of GT it is concluded that the test is of
      interest mainly for research purposes and cannot actually serve in the care of
      patients.

PMID- 6435873
TI  - Comparison of essential nutrient supplement effects on rat growth and dental
      caries.

PMID- 6435874
TI  - [Treatment of the inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome (SIADH).
      II. Long-term treatment].

PMID- 6435875
TI  - Two-step cell-death kinetics in vitro during cis-platinum, hydroxyurea and
      mitomycin incubation.
AB  - A human leukaemic cell line (REH) growing in suspension was incubated with cis
      platinum, hydroxyurea and mitomycin C at various concentrations causing complete
      cell-cycle arrest. At different times the cell suspensions were harvested,
      diluted 1:1 with a buffer solution, stained without further treatment with a
      mixture of acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) and analysed with a
      biparametrical flow cytometer. Fluorescent plastic beads were introduced into the
      suspensions to provide an internal numerical reference for the control of cell
      loss. The fluorescence distributions showed three groups of cells: vital cells
      (V) which were only stained with AO; dead cells in which EB stained cytoplasmic
      components but not the nuclear DNA (D1), and dead cells which allowed EB to stain
      both cytoplasm and nuclear DNA (D2). The kinetics of cells entering D1 depended
      on drug concentration and showed equal characteristics for cis-platinum and
      mitomycin, but were different for hydroxyurea. The subsequent entry into D2
      occurred about 15 hr later and showed no pronounced dependence on drug
      concentration. Parallel trypan-blue (TB) exclusion tests revealed that TB only
      stained D2 cells and therefore is not useful for investigating cell-death
      kinetics during exposure to cell-killing agents.

PMID- 6435876
TI  - Comparative immunocytochemical study of the subcommissural organ.
AB  - The subcommissural organs (SCO) of 76 specimens belonging to 25 vertebrate
      species (amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) were studied by use of the
      immunoperoxidase procedure. The primary antiserum was obtained by immunizing
      rabbits with bovine Reissner's fiber (RF) extracted in a medium containing EDTA,
      DTT and urea. Antiserum against an aqueous extract of RF was also produced. The
      presence of immunoreactive material in cell processes and endings was regarded as
      an indication of a possible route of passage. Special attention was paid to the
      relative development of the ventricular, leptomeningeal and vascular pathways
      established by immunoreactive structures. The SCO of submammalian species is
      characterized by (i) a conspicuous leptomeningeal connection established by
      ependymal cells, (ii) scarce or missing hypendymal cells, and (iii) a population
      of ependymal cells establishing close spatial contacts with blood vessels. The
      SCO of most mammalian species displays the following features: (i) ependymal
      cells lacking immunoreactive long basal processes, (ii) hypendymal secretory
      cells occurring either in a scattered arrangement or forming clusters, (iii) an
      occasional leptomeningeal connection provided by hypendymal cells, and (iv) in
      certain species numerous contacts of secretory cells with blood vessels. In the
      hedgehog immunoreactive material was missing in the ependymal formation of the
      SCO, but present in hypendymal cells and in the choroid plexuses. The SCO of
      several species of New and Old-World monkeys displayed immunoreactive material,
      whereas that of anthropoid apes (chimpanzee, orangutan) and man was completely
      negative with the antisera used.

PMID- 6435877
TI  - Spatial and structural interrelationships between secretory cells of the
      subcommissural organ and blood vessels. An immunocytochemical study.
AB  - In 76 specimens (amphibians, reptilians, mammals) belonging to 25 different
      vertebrate species, the region of the subcommissural organ (SCO) was investigated
      with the use of a primary antiserum raised against an extract of bovine
      Reissner's fiber + the immunoperoxidase procedure according to Sternberger et al.
      (1970). In the SCO of a toad (Bufo arenarum) and several species of reptiles
      (lacertilians, ophidians, crocodilians), the ependymal cells were the only type
      of secretory cell displaying vascular contacts, whereas in mammals ependymal and
      hypendymal cells established intimate spatial contacts with blood vessels. In
      Bufo arenarum, but especially in the reptilian species examined, the ependymo
      vascular relationship was exerted by a population of ependymal cells having a
      rather constant location within the SCO and projecting to capillaries that showed
      a remarkably constant pattern of anatomical distribution. In the SCO of mammals
      the modality and degree of the structural relationships between secretory cells
      and blood vessels varied greatly from species to species. In the SCO of the
      armadillo and dog the secretory tissue was organized as a thick, highly
      vascularized layer with most of the cells oriented toward the capillaries. A
      rather opposite situation was found in the SCO of New- and Old-World monkeys,
      where vascular contacts were restricted to a few ependymal cells.

PMID- 6435878
TI  - The effect of an LH pulse on 3H-thymidine incorporation into cultured ovaries of
      metestrous rats.
AB  - The effect of an LH pulse on the rate at which 3H-thymidine is incorporated into
      cultured ovaries of metestrous rats was studied. In comparison to ovaries
      cultured with tonic LH, an LH pulse "rescued" follicles from atresia, induced
      thecal cell proliferation, and increased the rate at which granulosa cells enter
      mitosis. It is concluded that LH pulses increase follicular growth by first
      triggering thecal cell proliferation and then inducing mitotic divisions within
      the granulosa cells of both atretic and non-atretic follicles.

PMID- 6435879
TI  - Transcellular calcium transport by the midgut of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina.
AB  - Transcellular calcium transport by the internally perfused Calliphora midgut has
      been measured by simultaneously monitoring 45Ca removal from the perfusing saline
      (entry to the cells) and its appearance in the bathing saline (exit from the
      cells). Reduction of the Na+ gradient across the basolateral membranes of midgut
      epithelial cells by removal of bathing Na+ or by addition of monensin or ouabain
      inhibits calcium transport across the basolateral membranes. Calcium entry at the
      apical membranes is inhibited in parallel. The calmodulin inhibitors,
      trifluoperazine or calmidazolium, do not directly affect calcium transport nor do
      they dissociate the parallel changes in calcium entry and exit when calcium exit
      is inhibited. Experiments with A23187 are consistent with a role for
      intracellular calcium in regulating calcium entry at the apical membranes. It is
      suggested that calcium transport out of midgut epithelial cells is largely by Na+
      Ca2+ countertransport, and that entry may be regulated by cytoplasmic calcium so
      that the calcium influx never exceeds the capacity of the transport mechanisms to
      pump it out of the cells.

PMID- 6435880
TI  - Undernutrition and the protein story.

PMID- 6435881
TI  - Prolonged coronary vasoconstrictor effect of ergonovine maleate.
AB  - The duration of the coronary artery vasoconstrictor effect of ergonovine maleate
      is an important clinical parameter that has not been clearly defined. Since
      ergonovine is generally administered in incremental, cumulative doses and since
      this agent may have potentially serious toxic effects related to its
      vasoconstrictor properties, knowledge of duration of this effect is crucial to
      its safe and efficacious use. We present clinical evidence of ergonovine-induced
      coronary artery spasm recurring after pharmacologic relief of a first episode of
      ergonovine-induced spasm. Recurrent spasm occurred 18 minutes after a cumulative
      dose of 0.15 mg ergonovine and 14 minutes after intravenous nitroglycerin was
      given to ameliorate the initial spasm. Therefore, clinical monitoring of patients
      after ergonovine administration should be designed to identify a possibly
      prolonged duration of vasoconstrictor effect of the drug. Sequential doses of
      ergonovine at intervals of ten minutes or less should be recognized as having
      cumulative effect. The duration of action of pharmacologic agents utilized to
      alleviate ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm should exceed the potential
      duration of action of ergonovine in order to minimize the possibility of late
      spasm.

PMID- 6435882
TI  - Molecular analysis of the period locus in Drosophila melanogaster and
      identification of a transcript involved in biological rhythms.
AB  - We have isolated and analyzed DNA sequences encompassing the period (per) locus
      of Drosophila melanogaster. The location of this clock gene was delimited by the
      molecular mapping of chromosome aberrations at or very near the per locus. At
      least five RNAs are transcribed from this region. One of these transcripts, a 0.9
      kb species, is strongly implicated in per's control of biological rhythms. Two
      independently isolated arrhythmic mutations at the per locus dramatically reduce
      the level of this transcript. Furthermore, the level of the 0.9 kb transcript is
      strongly modulated during a light/dark cycle. We discuss evidence, from
      previously reported genetic and phenotypic analysis of per's function, suggesting
      that this region may be complex and that several gene products from the per
      region, including this 0.9 kb transcript, may be involved in the different
      aspects of normal rhythmicity influenced by this clock gene.

PMID- 6435883
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of native chondroitin-sulfate in tissues and
      cultured cells using specific monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Chondroitin-sulfate containing proteoglycan (CSPG) of the extracellular matrix
      (ECM) was visualized in chick tissues and cell cultures with a monoclonal
      antibody, CS-56. Cultured cells of various origins contained dense punctate
      layers of CSPG on both the substrate and the cell surface, as determined by
      immunofluorescent and immunogold staining. Under culture conditions the CSPG
      containing matrix was usually excluded from stable cell-to-substrate focal
      contacts. The substrate-attached CSPG exhibited remarkable chemical stability but
      could be successfully removed by pronase or chondroitinases ABC and AC.
      Incubation of living cells with CS-56 antibodies resulted in the clustering of
      surface CSPG into patches, indicating that the surface-bound CSPG is free to move
      laterally along the plasma membrane. The unique properties of the CSPG-containing
      ECM revealed by CS-56 antibodies and their relationships to specific types of
      cell contacts are discussed.

PMID- 6435884
TI  - Arachidonic acid-mediated and serum-opsonized-zymosan-mediated inhibition of
      complement production by macrophages. Lack of requirement for endogenous
      arachidonic acid metabolites.
AB  - The ability of exogenous prostaglandins to inhibit complement production (CP) by
      monocytes and macrophages (M phi) suggests that endogenous arachidonic acid
      metabolites produced by these cells may also regulate their rate of CP. We
      assessed the regulatory influence of endogenous metabolites on CP by M phi
      utilizing exogenous arachidonic acid and serum-opsonized zymosan as stimulators
      of production of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites. The results of this
      study show that (i) the inhibition of CP caused by both agents is is independent
      of arachidonic acid metabolites, suggesting that endogenously produced
      metabolites do not influence CP, and (ii) arachidonic acid and serum-opsonized
      zymosan inhibit production by independent mechanisms.

PMID- 6435885
TI  - Acidification of internalized class I major histocompatibility complex antigen by
      T lymphoblasts.
AB  - It has previously been shown that activated murine T lymphocytes express
      intracellular vesicles containing the class I major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) antigen H-2K. Evidence has also been provided that such vesicles may be
      part of a cellular pathway of spontaneous H-2K antigen internalization and
      recycling, which is specific to T-lymphoid cells. Dual fluorescence flow
      cytometry has now been used to establish that H-2K antigen is acidified upon
      internalization in concanavalin A-stimulated but not lipopolysaccharide
      stimulated murine splenocytes, thus providing further support that in T
      lymphoblasts this class I MHC antigen may travel intracellular routes similar to
      those reported for other cell surface receptors.

PMID- 6435886
TI  - Interferon enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity when suboptimal
      concentrations of antibody are used.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and killer (K) cells isolated from buffy coats
      from normal volunteers were tested for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
      (ADCC) against chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) with and without the addition of
      interferon (IFN). Maximum enhancing activity was found when the anti-CRBC
      antibodies in the ADCC reaction were at suboptimal concentrations. All three
      species of pure recombinant Escherichia coli-derived interferon were compared for
      their ability to enhance ADCC in both effector systems. Recombinant IFN-gamma was
      found to be effective at lower doses than recombinant IFN-alpha A or recombinant
      IFN-beta, although maximum activity for all three species was similar in the PMN
      system. IFN-gamma also enhanced K-cell ADCC but to a lesser extent than in the
      PMN system. There appeared to be individual variation in response of the K-cell
      ADCC system to IFN-alpha A and IFN-beta at the doses tested.

PMID- 6435887
TI  - A lectin on the hemocyte membrane of the oyster (Crassostrea virginica).
AB  - Using antisera produced against a serum lectin we have shown by employing
      immunocytofluorescence that hemocytes from the oyster, Crassostrea virginica,
      possess a lectin which is situated on the external surface of the cell membrane.
      The antisera block the binding of hemocyte microsomes to protease-treated
      vertebrate erythrocytes, thus confirming that the hemocyte membrane lectin is
      serologically related to the serum lectin. The major serum lectin has an apparent
      mass of 34,000. Flow cytometry has revealed that the distribution of the surface
      lectin on hemocytes represents a heterogeneous expression on a population basis,
      but no discrete cell subpopulations can be identified.

PMID- 6435888
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in murine leishmaniasis (Donovani): ex-vivo evidence
      for increased cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activity in spleen cells.
AB  - This study examined the metabolism of arachidonic acid (20:4) by splenic
      mononuclear cells from BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Spleen
      cells removed from mice after either 4 or 8 weeks of infection and cultured in
      the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) incorporated 60-70% less [3H]thymidine
      and synthesized 2- to 5-fold more prostaglandin E2 than did spleen cells from
      normal mice. Inhibition of cyclooxygenation by sodium meclofenamate was
      associated with restoration of PHA-induced spleen cell blastogenesis. Thin-layer
      chromatography of spleen cell extracts showed that PHA-stimulated spleen cells
      from infected animals synthesized 54 and 27% more 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
      (5-HETE) and 12/15-HETE respectively, when compared to spleen cells from
      noninfected mice. Culture medium of spleen cells from infected mice also
      contained 25% more immunoreactive leukotriene C4. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (3
      microM) reduced spleen cell synthesis of 12/15-HETE while minimally affecting 5
      HETE production. These data indicated that increased cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase activities in spleen cells from mice infected with L. donovani
      resulted in the generation of 20:4 metabolites with the capability of altering T
      lymphocyte function.

PMID- 6435889
TI  - Attempts to characterize the T-cell population and lymphokine involved in the
      activation of macrophage oxygen metabolism in murine listeriosis.
AB  - Cultures of T cells from Listeria monocytogenes-immune mice, macrophages, and
      heat-killed Listeria organisms produced a factor(s) capable of activating
      macrophage oxygen metabolism. The activity depended on the presence of Lyt 1+2,3-
      T cells in the primary culture. Macrophage oxygen metabolism could also be
      induced by a L. monocytogenes-specific T-cell clone which was recently shown to
      mediate anti-listerial protection in vivo and to secrete interferon-gamma (IFN
      gamma) in vitro. Furthermore, macrophage activation was achieved by recombinant
      IFN-gamma. It is concluded that acquired resistance to facultative intracellular
      pathogens--at least in part--depends on the activation of macrophage oxygen
      metabolism by IFN-gamma derived from specific Lyt 1+2,3- T cells.

PMID- 6435890
TI  - Characterization of natural killer cells induced in the peritoneal exudates of
      mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes: a study of their tumor target
      specificity and their expression of murine differentiation antigens and human NK
      associated antigens.
AB  - That M1/70, a monoclonal anti-murine macrophage antibody, recognizes murine
      natural killer cells (NK) and that there is an increase in NK following
      intraperitoneal infection with live Listeria monocytogenes (LM) was previously
      reported. Here, LM-induced NK cells were further characterized with respect to
      tumor target specificity and the expression of murine mast cell, mononuclear
      phagocyte, and lymphocyte differentiation antigens plus human NK-associated
      antigens. The M1/70-selected NK (Mac 1 NK) lysed Yac 1, RLmale 1, and WEHI 164.1,
      but not EL 4 or WTS cells. Immunoprecipitation with M1/70 demonstrated that Mac
      1, the antigen recognized by M1/70, was present on NK and thioglycollate-elicited
      macrophages. Contaminating macrophages in the NK-enriched population did not
      account for the immunoprecipitated Mac 1. Mac 1 NK that lysed Yac 1 displayed Qa
      5, LFA 1, asialo GM 1, Ly 5.1, and NK 1.2, but not Lyt 1, Lyt 2, Mac 2, Mac 3, or
      Mac 4. Thirty percent of these Mac 1 NK bore Thy 1.2. The presence of Thy 1.2 did
      not correlate with individual lytic efficiency or cell cycle. Antibodies to human
      NK antigens Leu 7, Leu 11a, and Leu 15 did not recognize LM-induced NK cells.

PMID- 6435891
TI  - Renal disease due to snake-bite and its management.

PMID- 6435892
TI  - Enzymatic formation of xanthurenic acid 8-methyl ether, an endogenous carcinogen,
      in animal tissues.

PMID- 6435893
TI  - [A case of reticulosarcoma of the orbit 11 years after its treatment].

PMID- 6435894
TI  - [Role of radiotherapy in the treatment of epitheliomas of the eyelid].

PMID- 6435895
TI  - CNS toxicity and CSF pharmacokinetics of intraventricular DFMO and MGBG in beagle
      dogs.
AB  - We have developed a beagle dog model to study the pharmacology and toxicology of
      anticancer drugs administered through the 3rd or lateral ventricles. A Foltz-type
      reservoir was implanted SC and connected by tube into a cerebral ventricle. Drugs
      were administered directly into the reservoir; CSF sampling of drugs administered
      into the ventricle was achieved directly by tapping the reservoir or by
      percutaneous puncture of the cisterna magna. In the current study, we evaluated
      the CSF pharmacokinetics and CNS toxicity of two inhibitors of polyamine
      metabolism, alpha-difluoromethylornitine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal
      bisguanylhydrazone (MGBG). Both drugs were judged too toxic to justify
      intrathecal or intraventricular studies with these agents in patients.

PMID- 6435896
TI  - Metabolic activation of the carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2
      thiazolyl]acetamide by prostaglandin H synthase.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide
      (NFTA), when fed with the diet, causes transitional carcinomas in rats. An
      important step in the mechanism of NFTA-induced carcinogenesis is endogenous
      metabolic activation to an ultimate carcinogen. We have proposed that the enzyme
      complex prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) is involved in the activation of certain
      renal and urinary tract carcinogens. This proposal was assessed by examining the
      activation of the 5-nitrofuran renal carcinogen NFTA and its deacetylated
      analogue 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT) by PHS. Ram seminal vesicular
      and rabbit renal inner medullary microsomes were used as a source of PHS. Both
      NFTA and ANFT were activated by PHS to bind microsomal protein. Both microsomal
      preparations activated ANFT to bind DNA. However, only ram seminal vesicular
      microsomes activated NFTA to bind DNA. The rate of ANFT binding to macromolecules
      was considerably greater than NFTA with both microsomal preparations. Although
      activated ANFT was shown to bind several different homopolynucleotides, a
      preference for binding polyguanylic acid was demonstrated. Glutathione inhibition
      of carcinogen binding to macromolecules was shown to be due to the formation of a
      thioether conjugate. Deacetylation of NFTA was demonstrated in both tissues with
      deacetylation significantly exceeding acetylation of ANFT to NFTA in the kidney.
      Thus, renal PHS activation of both NFTA and ANFT was demonstrated with the rate
      of ANFT activation being considerably greater than NFTA. The conversion of NFTA
      to ANFT by intact tissue suggests that ANFT may contribute to NFTA renal
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6435897
TI  - The role of secondary metabolism in the metabolic activation of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The effect of induction by either phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)
      on the kinetics of both primary and secondary metabolism of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) have been studied. PB and MC induction stimulate
      the initial rate of total DMBA metabolism 4- and 8-fold, respectively. Individual
      metabolites exhibited distinct time courses dependent on the inducer. With both
      induced and uninduced microsomes, formation of DMBA 5,6-dihydrodiol exhibited a 2
      5 min time lag before reaching a maximum rate while, in contrast, formation of 7
      hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7HOMMBA) declined substantially from
      linearity at a very early point in the reaction. This was most apparent after 2
      min and total levels decreased after 5 min. Regioselectivity for both DMBA and
      7HOMMBA were measured based on the initial rates of mono-oxygenation derived from
      these kinetics. In each set of microsomes, prior 7-hydroxylation redirected
      metabolism towards DMBA 3,4-dihydrodiol formation and away from 5,6-dihydrodiol.
      Large differences were noted for the effectiveness and regioselectivity of
      secondary metabolism via 7HOMMBA. MC-induced liver microsomes exhibited a
      stronger preference for secondary metabolism of 7HOMMBA than PB-induced and
      control microsomes. In all cases, 7HOMMBA dihydrodiols, formed from DMBA,
      appeared in the same ratio as when formed directly from 7HOMMBA, suggesting
      formation from 7HOMMBA rather than from 7-hydroxylation of primary dihydrodiols.
      The extent of secondary metabolism of primary products was calculated as the
      difference between the calculated formation (determined from the appropriate
      regioselectivity and DMBA disappearance) and the quantitated level at a
      particular reaction time. However, for MC-induced microsomes, quantitation of
      7HOMMBA mono-oxygenated metabolites accounted for less than 50% of the calculated
      7HOMMBA secondary metabolism. This discrepancy results from selective further
      oxidation of 7HOMMBA phenols. For control and PB-induced liver microsomes,
      quantitation of identifiable 7HOMMBA mono-oxygenated metabolites agreed well with
      calculated secondary 7HOMMBA metabolism. Based on the results presented here,
      factors that favor hydroxylation of PAH prior to bay-region diol-epoxide
      formation are discussed.

PMID- 6435898
TI  - Cytotoxicity of chemical carcinogens towards human bronchial epithelial cells
      evaluated in a clonal assay.
AB  - Survival of human bronchial epithelial cells after administration of four
      chemical carcinogens was measured in a clonal assay. Human bronchial epithelial
      cells were obtained from outgrowths of explanted tissue pieces. Serum-free medium
      was used for both explant culture and clonal growth. The clonal assay could be
      performed on three substrata: plastic dishes alone, protein-coated dishes, and
      inactivated Swiss 3T3 cells. Several other cell lines supported clonal growth of
      the human cells. Fetal bovine serum was inhibitory to colony formation on plastic
      and protein-coated dishes, but had no effect on the growth of bronchial cells on
      3T3 feeder cells. Little variation among individuals in cytotoxicity of N-methyl
      N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and K2CrO4, a possible human lung carcinogen,
      was observed, but in the case of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 7,12-dimethyl
      benz[a]anthracene (DMBA), large variations in survival were found between
      cultures derived from different individuals.

PMID- 6435899
TI  - Ethanol and dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine metabolism and disposition
      in the rat. Possible relevance to the influence of ethanol on human cancer
      incidence.
AB  - Alcohol consumption is associated with an increase in human cancer, notably of
      the oesophagus. We have found that ethanol will alter profoundly the distribution
      of two carcinogenic nitrosamines in the rat. Small oral doses of
      dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) are absorbed from the portal blood as it passes
      through the liver, and do not reach the extrahepatic organs. Ethanol, equivalent
      to a man drinking 1 pint (0.5 l) of beer, prevents this first pass clearance in
      the rat and exposes sensitive extrahepatic organs to this carcinogen. As a
      consequence the alkylation of kidney DNA by 35 micrograms NDMA/kg body weight was
      increased 4.6-fold by concurrent administration of 240 mg ethanol/kg, and smaller
      doses of [14C]-NDMA produced detectable alkylation of kidney DNA only if the rats
      were given ethanol. Measurement of metabolism of NDMA by liver slices confirmed
      that this action of ethanol is the result of inhibition by ethanol of NDMA
      metabolism in liver (Ki = 0.5 mM). Comparison of urinary excretion in man and rat
      suggests that ethanol also inhibits first pass clearance of NDMA in man. There
      was no complete first pass clearance of diethylnitrosamine (NDEA), but while
      ethylation of kidney DNA was decreased by ethanol, that of oesophageal DNA was
      increased between 1.8- and 4.6-fold. Measurement of the metabolism of NDEA to CO2
      by liver slices, kidney slices, and oesophageal epithelium suggest that the
      changes in alkylation of kidney and oesophageal DNA are the result of selective
      inhibition of NDEA metabolism in liver and kidney. The ethylation of oesophageal
      DNA was greater relative to liver after a small dose than after a large dose
      possibly because of the low Km of the oesophageal metabolic activating system
      relative to that in liver and kidney. These results explain experiments showing
      that concurrent administration of ethanol increases the carcinogenicity and
      alters the organs affected by these nitrosamines. It is tentatively proposed that
      the effect of ethanol on human cancer incidence is mediated through similar
      influences on the metabolism and disposition of the nitrosamines to which man is
      exposed.

PMID- 6435900
TI  - Factors modulating the formation of DNA adduct by aflatoxin B1 in vitro.
AB  - Forty-two compounds belonging to various chemical groups have been tested for
      their ability to suppress formation of aflatoxin B1--DNA adduct mediated by
      microsome in vitro. While many of these compounds have either marginal or no
      modulating effect, some have been identified as effective inhibitors. The strong
      inhibition of DNA adduct formation by retinoids (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
      and retinyl acetate), riboflavin, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, flavin adenine
      dinucleotide, Cu2+, 7,8-benzoflavone, disulfiram, butylated hydroxyanisole,
      butylated hydroxytoluene and phenothiazine suggests that these agents may have
      potential anticarcinogenic activity against aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6435901
TI  - Binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by
      seven purified forms of cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Seven different forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified from rat liver
      microsomes. The major 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) inducible cytochrome P-450 (form
      c) exhibits the greatest activity toward both benzo[a]pyrene (BP) (58 min-1) and
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (29 min-1) and forms substantially high
      spin, high affinity complexes (Kd = 10 nM) with both hydrocarbons. Cytochrome P
      450d, a minor MC-inducible form, has far lower activity for metabolism of both
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), yet also forms high affinity complexes
      (Kd approximately 100 nM) with both PAH, retaining the full high spin state of
      the free cytochrome. Although two phenobarbital (PB)-induced forms (P-450's b and
      e) differ by only 13 amino acids, they exhibit significant differences in
      metabolism of PAH and in complex formation. Whereas P-450b is only active in
      metabolism of DMBA (9.8 min-1 versus 1.9 min-1 for BP), P-450e has low activity
      for both substrates (3.3 and 1.2 min-1). Nevertheless, P-450e forms a high
      affinity complex (Kd approximately 100 nM) with both PAH that enhances the
      proportion of the high spin state (from 30% to 70%). Failure to displace n
      octylamine (NOA) suggests binding that is removed from the heme. P-450b remains
      low spin in the presence of PAH and NOA is again not displaced. In addition, the
      two forms can be distinguished by their regioselectivities for both PAH. P-450's
      a, h, and pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) exhibit little activity toward
      BP or DMBA, but P-450 PCN does form a low spin complex with BP (not DMBA).
      Regioselectivity in metabolism of DMBA by PB-induced microsomes does not agree
      with that of the major constituent forms. Only the minor, less active purified
      forms (e and a) mediate substantial 12-hydroxylation and 3,4-epoxidation of DMBA.
      Thus, additional factors in microsomal reactions must contribute to these
      differences.

PMID- 6435902
TI  - DBA/2 mice are as sensitive as SENCAR mice to skin tumor promotion by 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - Mice of the inbred strain DBA/2 responded to a two-stage, initiation-promotion
      tumorigenesis protocol when high initiating doses (400 nmol/mouse) of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene were utilized. They also responded when N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was used as the initiating agent. The tumor
      response in both cases was characterized by a rapid rate of tumor development
      with the maximal tumor responses reached on or before the 15th week of promotion
      with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). When DBA/2 mice were compared
      with SENCAR mice for promotion sensitivity following initiation with MNNG, the
      two mouse stocks responded with a nearly identical tumor response. C57BL/6 mice
      were essentially resistant to TPA promotion regardless of the initiator or the
      dose of initiator used. A preliminary study was conducted to determine how
      susceptibility to tumor promotion by TPA was inherited in F1 mice derived from
      DBA/2 (sensitive) and C57BL/6 (resistant) parents. The B6D2F1 mice were as
      sensitive as the DBA/2 parent, suggesting that susceptibility in these two inbred
      mouse strains is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The results show that
      these two inbred mouse strains may provide a model system for studying genetic
      factors controlling susceptibility to phorbol ester skin tumor promotion.

PMID- 6435903
TI  - Ultraviolet irradiation of monkey cells enhances the repair of DNA adducts in
      alpha DNA.
AB  - Excision repair of bulky adducts in alpha DNA of African green monkey cells has
      previously been shown to be deficient relative to that in the overall genome. We
      have found that u.v. irradiation of these cells results in the enhanced removal
      of both aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and acetylaminofluorene (AAF) adducts from the alpha
      DNA sequences without affecting repair in the bulk of the DNA. The degree of
      enhanced removal of AFB1 is dependent upon the u.v. dose and the time interval
      between irradiation and AFB1 treatment. The u.v. enhancement is not inhibited by
      cycloheximide. Exposure of the cells to dimethylsulfate or gamma-rays does not
      affect AFB1 adduct repair. The formation and removal of N-acetoxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) adducts from alpha and bulk DNA was studied in
      detail. A higher initial level of the acetylated C8 adduct of guanine was found
      in alpha DNA than in bulk DNA. Although both the acetylated and deacetylated C8
      adducts were removed from the two DNA species, the level of repair was
      significantly greater in the bulk DNA. Irradiation of cells with u.v. prior to
      treatment with NA-AAF enhanced the removal of both adducts from alpha DNA with
      little or no effect on repair in bulk DNA. We conclude that the presence of u.v.
      photoproducts or some intermediate in their processing alters the chromatin
      structure of alpha DNA thereby rendering bulky adducts accessible to repair
      enzymes. In addition, the differential formation and repair of AAF adducts in
      alpha DNA compared with that in the bulk of the genome supports the hypothesis of
      an altered chromatin structure for alpha domains.

PMID- 6435904
TI  - Antitumor-promoting activity of glycyrrhetic acid in mouse skin tumor formation
      induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene plus teleocidin.
AB  - Glycyrrhetic acid inhibited the action of tumor promoter in vitro and in vivo.
      Glycyrrhetic acid inhibited the increased phospholipid metabolism of cultured
      cells induced by tumor promoters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or
      teleocidin, and it markedly suppressed the promoting effect of teleocidin on skin
      tumor formation in mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

PMID- 6435905
TI  - Intracellular calcium storage and release in the human platelet.
      Chlorotetracycline as a continuous monitor.
AB  - The calcium-sensitive fluorescent probe chlorotetracycline was used to monitor
      calcium movement in human platelets. The chlorotetracycline fluorescence signal
      is a linear measure of the level of free calcium in the dense tubules and in the
      mitochondria, with probe sensitivity in the millimolar range. Experiments
      perturbing the system with the calcium ionophore A23187 shows that the level of
      free internal calcium in the organelle depends upon the cytoplasmic level, which,
      in turn, depends upon the passive permeability of the plasma membrane.
      Chlorotetracycline in the cytoplasmic compartment does not respond to changes in
      the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which is held in the micromolar to
      submicromolar range by an extrusion system. The calcium concentration in the
      cytoplasmic compartment can be directly manipulated by the calcium ionophore
      A23187 and is measured in parallel experiments with Quin 2, a high-affinity
      indicator. The calcium transport systems of the organelles are shown to be less
      susceptible to short circuit by A23187. Analysis shows that mitochondrial uptake
      is slow (t 1/2 = 20 minutes), produces a large increase in chlorotetracycline
      fluorescence, and is inhibited by sodium azide plus oligomycin. Uptake by the
      dense tubules is more rapid (t 1/2 = 2 minutes), produces a smaller increase in
      chlorotetracycline fluorescence, is inhibited by trifluoperazine, and is less
      sensitive to A23187. The Km is estimated as 1 microM or lower. Studies show that
      the chlorotetracycline technique is useful for the monitoring of calcium uptake
      and release by the platelet organelles, and suggests that the Quin
      2/chlorotetracycline technique will be useful as a diagnostic of both
      physiological and pathological activation mechanisms.

PMID- 6435906
TI  - Sodium-sensitive calcium binding to sarcolemma-enriched preparations from canine
      ventricle.
AB  - Calcium binding to sarcolemma-enriched preparations from canine ventricle was
      evaluated. The preparation was exposed to calcium and 45Ca at physiological ionic
      strength, pH 7.4, for 15-18 hours at 5 degrees C. Bound calcium was separated
      from free by filtration and washing of the filter with solutions containing
      calcium and LaCl3. After equilibration at 5 degrees C, exposure to 37 degrees C
      caused an irreversible loss of binding. Monovalent cations (157 mM) reduced
      calcium binding: Na+ much greater than Li+ greater than Cs+ greater than K+
      greater than Rb+ approximately equal to choline. In 1 microM calcium, divalent
      cations (3 mM) reduced binding: Sr++ greater than Ba++ greater than Mg++
      approximately equal to Mn++. At 1-300 microM calcium, inhibition of the sodium
      sensitive component of binding was characterized by I50's of 3.2-9.5 mM sodium.
      Comparison of binding by centrifugation versus filtration suggested that the
      sodium-sensitive component resided on constituents within the membrane vesicles.
      Calcium binding in 1 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'-tetraacetic
      acid at pH 7.1 and 5 degrees C, revealed a single species of sodium-sensitive
      calcium-binding sites: Kd = 0.052 microM and Bmax = 6.73 nmol/mg. In 3 mM
      magnesium, the Kd was 0.205 microM and the Bmax was 9.03 nmol/mg. Nearly complete
      inhibition of binding was observed as sodium was raised from 1 to 10 mM. Thus, a
      substantial number of calcium-binding sites were detected at 5 degrees C in 3 mM
      magnesium at physiological ionic strength and pH 7.1. The affinity of these sites
      was in the range necessary to modulate intracellular free calcium. The
      sensitivity to sodium was at the lower end of the range estimated for
      intracellular sodium.

PMID- 6435907
TI  - Analysis of responses to leukotriene D4 in the pulmonary vascular bed.
AB  - Pulmonary vascular responses to leukotriene D4 were investigated in the intact
      chest animal under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood flow. Intralobar
      injections of leukotriene D4 in the sheep caused dose-dependent increases in
      lobar arterial and small vein pressures without influencing left atrial or
      systemic arterial pressure. Leukotriene D4 was very potent in increasing
      pulmonary vascular resistance in the sheep, with activity similar to that of U
      46619, a thromboxane A2 mimic. Pulmonary vascular responses to leukotriene D4 in
      the sheep were similar when the lung was ventilated and when lobar ventilation
      was arrested. Responses to leukotriene D4 were similar when the lung was perfused
      with blood or with dextran. Pulmonary vascular responses to leukotriene D4 but
      not U-46619 in the sheep were reduced by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and
      thromboxane synthesis. In contrast, leukotriene D4 had modest pressor activity in
      the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat whereas U-46619 had marked activity in this
      species. Responses to leukotriene D4 in the cat were not altered by
      cyclooxygenase inhibitors. It is concluded that leukotriene D4 has marked
      pulmonary vasoconstrictor activity in the sheep, increasing pulmonary vascular
      resistance by constricting intrapulmonary veins and upstream segments. In this
      species, responses to leukotriene D4 were independent of changes in ventilation
      or interaction with formed elements but were dependent on the formation of
      cyclooxygenase products including thromboxane A2. However, in the cat,
      leukotriene D4 had very modest pressor activity, and this activity was not
      dependent on the integrity of the cyclooxygenase pathway. These data suggest
      considerable species difference in responses to leukotriene D4, a major component
      of the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, in the pulmonary vascular bed.

PMID- 6435908
TI  - Neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (NCF-A) release in aspirin-induced
      asthma.
AB  - Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) following oral challenge with aspirin (ASA)
      was determined in ASA-intolerant asthmatic subjects, and in ASA-tolerant
      asthmatic and normal subjects. There was a statistically significant fall in FEV1
      and a rise in NCA (P less than 0.01) following challenge in the ASA-sensitive
      subjects compared with that of the ASA-tolerant subjects and normal controls. No
      significant difference was observed between the latter two groups. The
      chemotactic factor identified in this study had a molecular weight greater than
      150 000 which is consistent with NCF-A (neutrophil chemotactic factor of
      anaphylaxis). The ASA-induced fall in FEV1 and rise in NCA was further studied in
      three of the ASA-intolerant asthmatic subjects, with and without pretreatment
      with inhaled sodium cromoglycate. In these subjects, the drug inhibited both the
      oral ASA-induced bronchoconstriction and the increase in neutrophil chemotactic
      activity. These results suggest that ASA-induced asthma involves mediator release
      from mast cells, as shown by the increase in NCA following ASA challenge and the
      protective effect of sodium cromoglycate which is considered to inhibit mast-cell
      degranulation.

PMID- 6435909
TI  - Study of a mechanism responsible for anomalous results for free thyroxin by some
      analog assays for subjects with albumin deficiency.
AB  - I examined the effect of albumin deficiency, as might occur in pregnancy and
      nonthyroidal illness, on four analog-based assays for free thyroxin (Amersham's
      Amerlex, Diagnostic Products Corporation's Coat-A-Count "one-step," Clinical
      Assays' Gammacoat "one-step," and Corning's Immophase "single-step"). In subjects
      with albumin deficiency per se, Amerlex and Coat-A-Count results for free
      thyroxin were not significantly different from normal, whereas free thyroxin
      values by Gammacoat and Immophase assays were lower than that of the control.
      Furthermore, in the albumin-deficient group, the mean amount of thyroxin
      associated with antisera in each assay was significantly higher than that of the
      control and correlated well with the degree of decrease in free thyroxin. I
      conclude that subnormal results for thyroxin by analog assays, in euthyroid
      patients with albumin deficiency, is a function of the specific assays and is not
      a characteristic of analog assays per se. In addition, the study suggests that
      albumin deficiency alters the distribution between thyroxin and its binders in
      all four analog assays, but only in the Gammacoat and Immophase methods is this
      alteration sufficiently large as to distort assay results.

PMID- 6435910
TI  - Single-reagent polarization fluoroimmunoassay for barbiturates in urine.
AB  - We describe a rapid polarization fluoroimmunoassay for screening for the presence
      of barbiturates in urine. The single reagent is prepared by pre-mixing antiserum
      with a fluorescein-labeled barbiturate derivative as tracer. Use of a mixture of
      two sheep antisera, raised against different barbiturate immunogens, results in
      an assay with a broad cross-reactivity spectrum for most common barbiturates. One
      adds urine to the pre-mixed reagent, incubates the solution for a few minutes at
      room temperature, and measures the fluorescence polarization. The
      tracer/antiserum reagent is stable for at least six months at 4 degrees C.
      Results compare favorably with two other commonly used screening techniques for
      barbiturates, thin-layer chromatography and the EMIT-stTM (Syva) system. Although
      designed as a qualitative screen, some drugs can be quantified by means of a
      standard curve of the relevant barbiturate.

PMID- 6435911
TI  - Automated calmagite compleximetric measurement of magnesium in serum, with
      sequential addition of EDTA to eliminate endogenous interference.
AB  - We describe an automated method for magnesium assay, for use with the Cobas-Bio
      centrifugal analyzer. Magnesium is reacted with calmagite, a dye, and the
      absorbance of the magnesium-dye complex at 520 nm is measured. EDTA is then added
      to break up the complex and the absorbance at 520 nm is re-measured to correct
      for sample color and turbidity. Including ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl
      ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and triethanolamine in the dye reagent
      eliminates interference by calcium and iron. Within-run CVs were less than 2.0%
      for concentrations of magnesium ranging from 18 to 40 mg/L, and less than 4% for
      a magnesium concentration of 9.4 mg/L. Day-to-day precision data, determined over
      five months were: mean = 21.0 mg/L, CV = 2.7%; mean = 43.0 mg/L, CV = 3.2% (n =
      550 for both). Comparison of the Cobas-Bio method (y) with an atomic absorption
      spectrometric method (x) gave the following results: y = 0.968x + 0.448, r =
      0.986, Sy/x = 0.34 mg/L, mean x = 19.8 mg/L, mean y = 19.6 mg/L, n = 44.
      Hemoglobin, bilirubin, and turbidity do not interfere. The standard curve is
      linear up to a magnesium concentration of 97 mg/L.

PMID- 6435912
TI  - Combined immunochemical and electrophoretic determinations of proteins in paired
      serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples.
AB  - Albumin and immunoglobulin G were simultaneously determined in paired serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid samples from healthy volunteers. The albumin quotient and the
      IgG index were calculated to establish normal values. High-resolution
      electrophoresis was also performed with the same samples and the electrophoretic
      patterns were correlated with the numerical values to improve the reliability of
      the test results. Representative examples from abnormal conditions are also
      shown, to illustrate the increased accuracy and useful applications of this
      combined analysis in the diagnosis of neurological conditions.

PMID- 6435913
TI  - Acid-base-induced changes in the distribution of water between plasma and
      erythrocytes, as measured with a sodium-ion-selective electrode.
AB  - aNa+ measured in whole blood changes with the pH of plasma, and the effect
      depends on the erythrocyte volume fraction (phi E). The relative change in aNa+
      with pH, dlnaNa+/dpH, was -0.01 at phi E = 0 and -0.11 at phi E = 0.76. The
      observations agreed with the combined predicted effects of changes in phi E, in
      concentration of the NaHCO3 complex, and in liquid-junction potential. The pH
      induced osmotic transfer of water between plasma and erythrocytes will affect the
      concentration of all components confined to plasma. Although the clinical
      importance of this may be limited, blood samples for research should either be
      dealt with immediately or stored anaerobically at 4 degrees C until separation,
      to avoid bias.

PMID- 6435914
TI  - Reactivation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in patients with malignancies.
AB  - Reactivation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) with 2-mercaptoethanol
      and EDTA increased the electrophoretic detection rate of CK-BB from 34% to 78% in
      58 hospitalized patients with various malignancies. Patients with solid tumors
      showed the largest and patients with hematologic malignancies the smallest
      percentage increase in CK-BB after reactivation. For serum from 50 hospitalized
      patients without cancer, reactivation resulted in detectable CK-BB in two
      patients; the CK-BB band was never seen in 15 healthy adults. For reasons
      unknown, five of eight patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type
      showed CK-BB in serum after reactivation, as did two of five patients suspected
      of having this disorder. Serum CK-BB may be a useful tumor marker if reactivation
      with a thiol and EDTA is used immediately after collection.

PMID- 6435916
TI  - Distribution of immunoreactive carbonic anhydrase III in various human tissues
      determined by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay method.
AB  - A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay method for measurement of carbonic
      anhydrase III (CA-III) was established by use of purified antibodies to CA-III.
      The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibody F(ab')2
      fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labeled with beta-D-galactosidase
      from E. coli. The assay was highly sensitive and pg levels of CA-III were
      measureable. Coefficients of variation in within-run and between-run precision
      studies for serum CA-III were less than 10%. Serum CA-III levels in healthy
      subjects of various ages ranged from 0.8 to 24 ng/ml. Concentrations of
      immunoreactive CA-III in the extracts of various human tissues were also
      determined. Tissues composed of striated muscle contained more than 10
      micrograms/mg protein of CA-III, whereas other tissues, including heart muscle,
      contained less than 0.5 microgram/mg protein. These results were consistent with
      other data showing that serum CA-III levels were raised in patients with
      progressive muscular dystrophy but not in those with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6435915
TI  - Sodium taurocholate effect on beta-glucosidase activity: a new approach for
      identification of Gaucher disease using the synthetic substrate and leucocytes.
AB  - In this work we have studied the leucocytes and sera of 3 Gaucher patients, 4
      obligate heterozygotes, 11 brothers and sisters of patients and 11 controls. Beta
      glucosidase activity with 4-M-U-beta-glucopyranoside has been assayed at
      different pH's, in the presence of pure sodium taurocholate. At pH 4.5 and 5.0
      sodium taurocholate activates the beta-glucosidase of control leucocytes, but
      inhibits the residual enzyme present in Gaucher leucocytes. The ratio of beta
      glucosidase activity in the presence and absence of this effector seems to be a
      good approach to the diagnosis of Gaucher disease and it has proved indispensible
      in one patient's diagnosis. The apparent Km of beta-glucosidase determined for
      the same substrate, at pH 4.5 and 5.5 in the presence of sodium taurocholate
      showed markedly lower values in the patients than in the controls. An increased
      serum acid phosphatase activity, previously described as a secondary alteration
      in Gaucher disease, has also been studied and seems to be a useful complementary
      test, particularly when its age dependence is taken into account.

PMID- 6435917
TI  - Regulation of pancreatic growth.

PMID- 6435918
TI  - Therapy of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

PMID- 6435919
TI  - Renal failure in myeloma: relationship with isoelectric point of immunoglobulin
      light chains.
AB  - Renal failure is a frequent but inconstant complication of myeloma related to
      light chain excretion. Since it has been suggested that cationic light chains
      (lc) are most likely to induce renal damage, we have studied the isoelectric
      point (pI) of light chains produced by 17 patients with myeloma and related the
      results to the type and severity of renal damage assessed clinically and
      pathologically. In order to do so, we have applied immunoenzymatic techniques
      which allow identification of light chain types as well as measurement of pI
      without prior purification. Ten of fifteen patients with renal failure produced
      lambda light chains. There was no simple relationship between the isoelectric
      point and nephrotoxicity. However, light chains with the lowest pI observed in
      this series were associated with normal renal function in two cases and with
      acute reversible but severe renal failure requiring dialysis in five cases. By
      contrast, pI values above 6.0 observed in the remaining patients were associated
      with moderate renal failure in six patients with recently diagnosed myeloma and
      with irreversible renal failure, and in two patients in whom myeloma had been
      evolutive for several years. We thus suggest that further pI measurements may
      help to identify light chains with different nephrotoxic potentials.

PMID- 6435920
TI  - Heterotopic ossification. Incidence and relation to trochanteric osteotomy in 100
      total hip arthroplasties.
AB  - Heterotopic ossification can impair the functional results of total hip
      arthroplasty. The causative role of trochanteric osteotomy in heterotopic
      ossification is uncertain. Postoperative radiographs of 100 total hip
      arthroplasties were analyzed for incidence of heterotopic ossification. Forty
      procedures were performed with trochanteric osteotomy and 60 without. There was a
      17% overall incidence of clinically significant heterotopic ossification, 22%
      with osteotomy and 13% without. High- and low-risk categories revealed clinically
      significant heterotopic ossification in 25% of the high-risk group and in 8% of
      the low-risk group. In the high-risk group there was a 32% incidence with
      trochanteric osteotomy and 22% without osteotomy. In the low-risk group there was
      a 16% incidence without trochanteric osteotomy and a 3% incidence with
      trochanteric osteotomy. The increase in clinically significant heterotopic
      ossification in the high-risk group over that of the low-risk group was
      statistically significant. The present study showed that trochanteric osteotomy
      tended to increase the incidence and severity of clinically significant
      heterotopic ossification. These data suggest that trochanteric osteotomy should
      be avoided, if possible, during total hip arthroplasty to decrease the risk of
      heterotopic ossification.

PMID- 6435921
TI  - Diffuse pulmonary ossification detected by bone scanning with Tc-99m
      hydroxymethylene diphosphate.
AB  - Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare pathologic finding of heterotropic
      bone formation within the lungs. It has been associated with mitral stenosis,
      chronic left ventricular failure, interstitial fibrosis, metastatic breast
      cancer, pulmonary amyloidosis, histoplasmosis, and chronic busulfan therapy. This
      patient represents a case associated with Placidyl use.

PMID- 6435922
TI  - The present day epidemiology of severe protein-energy malnutrition in Nigeria.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients with severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) admitted into
      the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria over a 9-month period were studied to
      define the patterns and factors encountered currently in PEM. Severe PEM now
      occurs predominantly in the 6- to 18-month age group, which is earlier than was
      reported previously. The majority of the parents were Yoruba Christians and were
      low-income workers or unemployed. Poverty was a factor in 54.5 percent. Most of
      the parents were literate. About half of the families were polygamous. The
      prevalence of social problems was high, with 72.7 percent of the parents living
      apart. Attacks of measles and recurrent or prolonged gastroenteritis were
      preceding precipitating factors in 30.7 percent and 33 percent of the patients,
      respectively. Failure or cessation of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding with cow's
      milk from the first month of life preceded the development of PEM in a large
      percentage of patients. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6435923
TI  - The effects of group B streptococcus and other organisms on the pulmonary
      vasculature.
AB  - In this article, the authors review the effects of group B streptococcus,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli on the pulmonary vasculature and the
      possible mechanisms involved in their genesis.

PMID- 6435924
TI  - Use of mechanical ventilation for clinical management of persistent pulmonary
      hypertension of the newborn.
AB  - Following a discussion of arterial blood gas examinations for specific diagnosis
      of PPHN, the authors present guidelines for the management of these infants using
      mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6435925
TI  - Effects of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
AB  - Hyperventilation has been shown to be an effective therapy for PPHN. In this
      article, cerebral blood flow and its control mechanisms in the fetus and neonate
      are reviewed and it is concluded that, at present, there is no evidence to
      suggest that hyperventilation can produce cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 6435926
TI  - Effects of diltiazem, dipyridamole, and their combination on hemostasis.
AB  - Calcium channel blockers and antiplatelet agents, alone and in combination, have
      been reported to induce bleeding in patients undergoing surgery. Since diltiazem
      and dipyridamole influence platelet function in vitro and in vivo, their
      influence on hemostasis was examined in five normal men given diltiazem, 90 mg by
      mouth, followed by 60 mg every 6 hr for 48 hr, or dipyridamole, 75 mg by mouth
      every 8 hr for 48 hr. At 24 hr, the alternate drug was added to the regimen to
      assess effects of the combination on hemostasis. Platelet aggregation, serum
      thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations (stable metabolites of
      thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin), bleeding time, prothrombin time, partial
      thromboplastin time, and serum diltiazem concentrations were measured. Diltiazem
      and dipyridamole alone and in combination had no significant effect on bleeding
      time, prothrombin time, or partial thromboplastin time. Platelet aggregation
      induced by threshold concentrations of adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, and
      calcium ionophore A 23187 were inhibited by diltiazem and dipyridamole alone and
      in combination. The only change in prostaglandin concentrations was a slight
      increase in serum 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after diltiazem. Despite influences on
      platelet function, neither diltiazem nor dipyridamole alone or in combination
      induced clinically relevant changes in hemostasis.

PMID- 6435928
TI  - Pathophysiologic modulation of arachidonate metabolism.
AB  - Low concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides are necessary to activate the
      biosynthesis of prostaglandins and other autacoids from arachidonate. When the
      concentration is too low (less than 10(-9) M) that biosynthesis is suppressed.
      However, lipid peroxides at concentrations higher than micromolar can inactivate
      prostacyclin synthase and, at higher levels, even prostaglandin H synthase. Thus,
      lipid hydroperoxides may be important regulators of biological processes, and
      their reliable quantitation is important in interpreting the physiologic status
      of a tissue. The plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxide that are indicated by the
      thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay of normal human plasma (26-63 microM) would be
      high enough to totally inactivate prostacyclin synthase and thus they seem
      incompatible with a healthy vascular system. To resolve this paradox, we have
      developed a new assay which directly measures the level of lipid hydroperoxide.
      Controlled studies showed that the TBA-positive response of normal human plasma
      gave values for hydroperoxide that had no clear relationship to the actual level
      of hydroperoxide that was present and were 50-100 times greater than the directly
      observed values. The new direct assay indicates that the normal level of plasma
      lipid hydroperoxide may be approximately 0.5 microM. Such a level may provide
      chronic stress on the ability of vascular endothelial cells to provide sufficient
      amounts of the antithrombotic autacoid, prostacyclin. Our results indicate that
      relatively slight elevations from the normal circulating hydroperoxide levels
      might be expected to have undesirable effects, and that a reliable monitoring of
      plasma hydroperoxide levels may be useful.

PMID- 6435927
TI  - Apolipoproteins of human plasma high density lipoproteins. Biology, biochemistry
      and clinical significance.
AB  - The steps involved in assembly, secretion and intravascular remodeling of plasma
      high density lipoproteins (HDL) are still largely unknown. However, recent
      progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis of the major HDL
      apolipoproteins, apo A-I and apo A-II. Combined with information about apoprotein
      gene structure, it has been possible to identify molecular lesion(s) associated
      with some clinical disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 6435929
TI  - Production of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase products during platelet-neutrophil
      interactions.
AB  - We studied interactions of human platelets and neutrophils with particular
      reference to the arachidonic acid pathway. Suspensions of [3H]-arachidonate
      labeled platelets and unlabeled neutrophils were stimulated with ionophore
      A23187. We detected several radioactive arachidonate metabolites, which are not
      produced by platelets alone. This included [3H]-labeled leukotriene B4 (LTB4),
      dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (DHETE) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5
      HETE). When the platelet product, [3H]12-HETE, was added to ionophore-stimulated
      neutrophils, DHETE was formed. In addition, when [3H]5-HETE, a neutrophil
      arachidonate product, was added to stimulated platelets, DHETE was the major
      metabolite. We, therefore, suggest that upon stimulation, the platelet derived
      arachidonate can serve as precursor for the neutrophil-derived eicosanoids LTB4
      and 5-HETE and that the platelet-derived product 12-HETE can be metabolized to
      DHETE by stimulated human neutrophils. It would appear that the platelet and
      neutrophil lipoxygenase pathways take part in cell-cell interactions - an
      observation which suggests a role for the neutrophils which are present in
      hemostatic plugs, thrombi and inflammatory processes.

PMID- 6435930
TI  - Modulation of vascular thrombosis by products of arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - It has been postulated that metabolites of the arachidonic acid pathway exert an
      important influence on hemostasis and thrombosis. This notion is based on in
      vitro experiments. We have utilized two experimental models to elucidate the
      physiologic roles of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in the
      modulation of thrombus formation. The role of TxA2 in promoting thrombus
      formation was evaluated in a rabbit model where the aorta was deendothelialized
      by a balloon catheter technique and indium-111-labeled platelets were used as a
      marker for quantifying platelet deposition. Both 1-benzylimidazole, a thromboxane
      synthase inhibitor, and 13-azaprostanoic acid, an antagonist of
      thromboxane/endoperoxide receptors significantly reduced the platelet deposition
      onto the damaged vessel wall. The data indicate the TxA2 plays an important role
      in thrombosis and hemostasis. The influence of PGI2 insufficiency due to
      accelerated PGI2 degradation on microvascular thrombosis was evaluated in a
      unique clinical disease, i.e. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
      Accelerated PGI2 degradation was observed in several patients with chronic TTP.
      The degradation abnormalities were corrected by plasma infusion in vivo or serum
      supplement in vitro. To test the hypothesis that PGI2 must be bound to serum
      macromolecules to prevent rapid hydrolysis, serum binding capacity for PGI2 was
      measured by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. The binding capacity was significantly
      reduced in the patients and was corrected by serum supplement. Abnormalities of
      PGI2 binding were also noted in a group of patients with ischemic stroke. Our
      findings suggest that there exist in the serum certain constituents which bind
      and stabilize PGI2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6435931
TI  - Renal cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase products in health and disease.
AB  - Renal glomeruli have cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes which convert
      arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, thromboxane and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid. Glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells, in culture, also synthesize
      these arachidonate products. Angiotensin and vasopressin contract mesangial cells
      and stimulate mesangial synthesis of PGE2. PGE2, in the glomerulus, antagonizes
      the actions of angiotensin on the mesangium and hence reduces angiotensin
      mediated glomerular contraction. Glomerular immune injury (nephrotoxic serum
      nephritis) augments glomerular production of prostaglandins and thromboxane.
      Thromboxane reduces glomerular function and inhibition of thromboxane synthesis
      preserves glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in this disease model.
      Spontaneously hypertensive rats also have enhanced glomerular prostaglandin and
      thromboxane synthesis. Although acute inhibition of thromboxane synthesis will
      vasodilate the hypertensive rat kidney, chronic inhibition does not reduce blood
      pressure or increase renal blood flow.

PMID- 6435932
TI  - A microassay for serum dialyzable calcium and magnesium by ion chromatography.
AB  - We describe a method for determining dialyzable calcium and dialyzable magnesium
      in 50-microliter volumes of routinely handled aerobic serum. Calcium and
      magnesium concentrations were measured by ion chromatography after a 1-min
      equilibrium dialysis. Day-to-day precision (coefficient of variation, CV) was
      3.8% for dialyzable calcium and 4.5% for dialyzable magnesium. Dilution of serum
      with water 1:1 as well as storage at 4 or -20 degrees C had no significant
      effects. Reference intervals for dialyzable calcium (58.1-68.1 mg/l) and
      magnesium (12.3-17.1 mg/l) were determined for 26 healthy adults. Lack of
      interference and the ability to determine simultaneously several analytes on a
      single specimen are advantages of the chromatographic method.

PMID- 6435933
TI  - Diagnosis related groups: the product of the hospital.

PMID- 6435934
TI  - DRGs and the clinical investigator: federal perspective.

PMID- 6435935
TI  - Will the DRG decimate clinical research?

PMID- 6435936
TI  - The nature of factor VIII.

PMID- 6435937
TI  - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid and of indomethacin on diuresis in man: the role
      of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition.
AB  - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 3 g/day for 3 days) and of indomethacin
      (IND, 150 mg/day for 3 days) on diuresis and on the excretion of prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2) was studied in six healthy, male volunteers. After overnight deprivation
      the subjects received an oral water load (20 ml/kg) and hourly urine volumes were
      replaced by an equivalent volume of water by mouth for 4 h. Pretreatment with
      both ASA and IND induced a comparable suppression (P less than 0.05 to less than
      0.001) in the excretion of PGE2, but only IND also reduced (P less than 0.05)
      diuresis, free water clearance and the excretion of sodium. The excretion of
      creatinine was uninfluenced by both ASA and IND. These data indicate that a
      mechanism other than cyclo-oxygenase inhibition is involved in the effect of IND
      and ASA on diuresis in man.

PMID- 6435938
TI  - Thyroid status in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Subjects followed serially after acute myocardial infarction demonstrated a rapid
      and sustained fall in serum total tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration and a rise
      in reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) concentration. There was a transient fall in
      total thyroxine (T4) concentration. Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) levels were
      unchanged after acute myocardial infarction but prolonged falls were observed in
      thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) and albumin concentrations. In contrast to
      the fall in total T4, both measured and calculated free T4 concentrations were
      unchanged but measured and calculated free T3 concentrations fell as did total
      T3. Despite the observed fall in T3, basal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations did
      not rise. The reduction in circulating T3 levels after acute myocardial
      infarction suggests that a hypothyroid state exists. Until tissue thyroid status
      can be assessed directly, however, this conclusion must remain in doubt.

PMID- 6435939
TI  - Histologic documentation of gonococcal infection in the absence of a culturable
      organism.
AB  - The high incidence of negative routine cultures, in the presence of suppurative
      involvement of a joint suggested a possible role for alternative diagnostic
      techniques. Bedside cultures with hypertonic and anaerobic media were utilized to
      evaluate synovium and synovial membrane in gonococcal arthritis. This is the
      first histologic documentation of the diagnosis of gonococcal arthritis in the
      absence of a culturable organism.

PMID- 6435940
TI  - Glyburide and glipizide, second-generation oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents.
AB  - The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse
      effects, and dosage of glyburide and glipizide, two second-generation oral
      sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, are reviewed. Glyburide and glipizide are well
      absorbed after oral administration. The absorption of glipizide is delayed by
      food; in contrast, glyburide absorption does not seem to be affected by
      administration with meals. Both drugs are extensively metabolized by the liver. A
      two-compartment open model adequately describes the pharmacokinetics of these
      drugs. The apparent elimination half-life of glyburide in oral dosage forms
      available in the United States ranges from 7 to 10 hours. Glipizide has a
      terminal elimination half-life of 2-7 hours. The effects of renal and hepatic
      disease on the pharmacokinetics of glyburide and glipizide have not been well
      studied. Based on controlled, comparative studies in patients with new-onset,
      diet-failed, Type II diabetes, glyburide appears to be at least as effective as
      chlorpropamide and tolazamide in controlling blood glucose. Glipizide has shown
      efficacy comparable to or greater than that of chlorpropamide and tolbutamide.
      Glyburide and glipizide appear to be comparable in terms of their ability to
      control fasting blood glucose in Type II diabetics. The recommended initial
      dosage of glyburide in newly diagnosed Type II diabetics is 2.5-5 mg once daily.
      For glipizide, the initial dosage should be 5 mg once daily. Elderly or
      debilitated patients and those with renal or hepatic impairment should be started
      on lower dosages initially. Glyburide and glipizide have adverse effects that are
      similar to those observed with the first-generation oral hypoglycemic agents.
      Glyburide and glipizide do not appear to offer major therapeutic advantages over
      first-generation oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents. However, they may
      represent therapeutic alternatives for some patients who do not respond
      satisfactorily to other sulfonylureas.

PMID- 6435941
TI  - Selenium deficiency and fatal cardiomyopathy in a patient receiving long-term
      home parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Fatal cardiomyopathy in a patient who received home parenteral nutrition (HPN)
      for eight years is reported, and the relationship of selenium deficiency to
      cardiomyopathy and other adverse effects is discussed. A 42-year-old white man
      with Crohn's disease who was receiving HPN was admitted to the hospital with
      severe chest pain and dyspnea. During the three days following admission, his
      symptoms of congestive heart failure and compensated metabolic acidosis persisted
      despite treatment. On hospital day 6, the patient developed increased ventricular
      irritability and refractory ventricular fibrillation and died. At autopsy, the
      heart weighted 500 g, all chambers were dilated, and the myocardium was grossly
      flabby. Extremely low concentrations of selenium (5-12% of normal) were found in
      plasma, heart, liver, and kidney tissue samples. The pathological findings in
      this patient were similar to those in two previously reported cases and strongly
      suggest that the fatal cardiomyopathy was secondary to selenium deficiency.
      Selenium is an integral part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which plays an
      important role in the metabolism of tissues and organs. For metabolically stable
      patients receiving total parenteral nutrition, the suggested selenious acid
      dosage is 25-60 micrograms/day for adults and 1.4-30 micrograms/kg/day for
      pediatric patients. In selenium-depleted adults, a dosage of 100 micrograms/day
      administered intravenously for 21-31 days has been recommended to reverse
      symptoms. All HPN patients and hospitalized patients receiving extended
      parenteral nutrition should be monitored for selenium deficiency and given
      supplements if necessary.

PMID- 6435942
TI  - Aldehyde-induced platelet aggregation.
AB  - Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, malondialdehyde, glutaraldehyde and paraldehyde, when
      added in vitro to platelet-rich plasma, generate a similar distinct platelet
      aggregation response which is dose dependent when measured with a manual visual
      microscopic technique and by computerized image analysis, 'computerized platelet
      aggregation analysis'. Light transmission aggregometry did not measure this
      aggregation in a reliable manner. The aggregating reaction was specific to the
      aldehyde group and was not seen when the aldehyde was replaced by an alcohol,
      ketone, or acetate group in the case of acetaldehyde. The maximal aggregating
      effect of these aldehydes was directly proportional to the number of aldehyde
      groups per molecule. Aggregation was found to require the presence of plasma, but
      not von Willebrand's factor.

PMID- 6435943
TI  - Micro-aggregate content of red cell suspensions stored in saline adenine glucose
      mannitol optimal additive solution.
AB  - The micro-aggregate content of blood collected into conventional CPDA-1
      preservative was compared with that of red cells stored in saline adenine glucose
      and mannitol optimal additive preservative solution (SAG-M). The results show
      that the optimal additive packs from which either platelet rich or platelet poor
      plasma have been removed contain 38% of the micro-aggregates in CPDA-1 blood.
      When platelets, plasma and the buffy coat are also removed, the residual micro
      aggregates amount to only 16% of those in CPDA-1 whole blood. No differences were
      seen between the amount of haemolysis in any of the red cell preparations. From
      these results and previously published guidelines for the use of micro-aggregate
      filters with whole blood (International Forum 1977) it may be concluded that
      there is no place for the routine use of micro-aggregate filters with optimal
      additive preserved blood unless over 12 units are likely to be transfused.

PMID- 6435944
TI  - Gas exchange alterations following pulmonary thromboembolism.
AB  - This article reviews the many factors that may be involved in the development of
      abnormal gas exchange following a pulmonary thromboembolic event. Both pulmonary
      and nonpulmonary factors are examined. In addition, the diagnostic utility of
      obtaining arterial blood gases, dead space, and expired carbon dioxide will be
      examined.

PMID- 6435945
TI  - The diagnosis of clinically suspected venous thrombosis.
AB  - The clinical diagnosis of venous thrombosis is highly non-specific. The reason
      for this is that none of the symptoms or signs of venous thrombosis is unique to
      this condition--that is, each can be caused by nonthrombotic disorders. Objective
      testing to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of venous thrombosis, then, is
      mandatory in patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 6435946
TI  - Observation of Paragonimus westermani eggs in sputum after digestion for
      mycobacteria culture.
AB  - Pulmonary paragonimiasis was diagnosed by the observation of Paragonimus
      westermani eggs on smears of sputum concentrated for the detection of
      mycobacteria and on the culture plates. The eggs were distorted but recognizable.

PMID- 6435947
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias: current concepts.
AB  - These conventional antiarrhythmic agents, plus tocainide, are important drugs for
      the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. It is necessary to be familiar with
      their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosage, and adverse effects to
      properly use them in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6435948
TI  - Immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6435949
TI  - Captopril--indications and clinical problems.

PMID- 6435950
TI  - The syndrome of thrombosis, abortion, and neurological disease.

PMID- 6435951
TI  - The influence of a therapeutic dose of nitroglycerin on invasive and non-invasive
      parameters of left ventricular performance in coronary heart disease.
AB  - To assess the influence of a therapeutic dose of 0.5 mg sublingual nitroglycerin
      (NTG) on left ventricular performance, 32 patients with coronary heart disease
      were studied. After routine coronary angiography the patients underwent
      cinearteriography and phonomechanocardiography before and four minutes after NTG
      administration. After NTG, end-diastolic pressure and systolic aortic pressure
      fell significantly, while heart rate, ejection fraction and dp/dt increased.
      After NTG, a significant prolongation of the pre-ejection period index (PEPI) and
      isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), increase in the PEP/LVET ratio and decrease
      of the "a" wave of the apexcardiogram were found. The usual therapeutic
      sublingual NTG dose causes profound haemodynamic changes which are due to
      decreased preload and afterload and altered contractility induced by NTG.

PMID- 6435952
TI  - Site visits in a multicenter ophthalmic clinical trial.
AB  - Site visits were conducted to 19 clinical centers in a large multicenter
      ophthalmologic clinical trial, the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
      (ETDRS). The purpose of these site visits was to ensure the consistency of study
      procedures among clinics and to verify that these procedures were being carried
      out in accordance with the ETDRS Manual of Operations. The five major aspects of
      this quality control program are as follows: To monitor and review each clinical
      center's organization and procedures; To promote comparability of participating
      centers in all important aspects of the clinical trial; To gain more
      understanding about special problems facing individual clinical centers; To
      establish good rapport between the site visitor and clinic staff to aid future
      clinic monitoring; To promote and maintain enthusiasm for the study. The ETDRS
      clinical center site visits were conducted by using an observational approach.
      Presite visit preparations included the formation of a site visit agenda and the
      design of a site visit form, providing a guide for the site visitor, and a list
      of the topics that were to be reviewed at each center. Important concerns common
      to all site visits proved beneficial in the ETDRS.

PMID- 6435953
TI  - HLA and disease.
AB  - This review describes the greater portion of a large number of new studies on HLA
      and disease association which has appeared in the literature since 1979. The
      majority of these are concerned with the association of certain diseases with
      class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. The possible biologic
      significance of these associations in terms of their probable etiology appears to
      be the prevailing theme. Current thinking regarding certain heritable diseases is
      described. It seems that although much has been done to resolve the genetics of
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, other diseases such a multiple sclerosis
      still remain a mystery. Doubtlessly, much will be gained from DNA cloning and
      sequencing studies proposed for the future. A great deal of new information has
      been obtained relative to HLA itself. New loci have been postulated in the HLA
      D/DR region through the use of powerful immunochemical procedures made possibly
      by the advent of modern technological advances. The impact of these developments
      on our understanding of the function of the MHC in man and its possible
      relationship to disease are discussed.

PMID- 6435954
TI  - Crisis and challenge.

PMID- 6435955
TI  - Morphine infusion after pediatric cardiac surgery.
AB  - After cardiac surgery, 44 children received a continuous iv infusion of morphine
      sulfate at 10 to 30 micrograms/kg X h. During weaning from assisted ventilation
      and during spontaneous ventilation serum morphine levels less than 30 ng/ml were
      not associated with elevated PaCO2. Five extubated patients breathed
      spontaneously, and 35 patients were weaned from assisted to spontaneous
      ventilation with normal PaCO2 while receiving morphine by infusion, indicating
      that morphine did not interfere with spontaneous ventilation. In 12 older
      children who gave verbal pain scores, pain was relieved at serum morphine levels
      above 12 ng/ml.

PMID- 6435956
TI  - Cheyne-Stokes respiration revisited: controversies and implications.
AB  - Investigation of the periodic crescendo-decrescendo alterations in tidal volume
      in Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) has provided remarkable insight into the
      physiology of respiratory control. Many patients with periodic breathing have
      both cardiac and neurologic disease. Considerable controversy has surrounded
      determination of the relative importance of cardiac and neurologic mechanisms in
      the genesis of this breathing abnormality. Several investigators have considered
      the respiratory center as a chemostat model with three basic components: the
      controller system (chemoreceptors), the controlled system (gas tensions of O2 and
      CO2), and the feedback loop (arterial circulation from the lung to the brain). If
      the relationship between these cardiac and neurologic components is altered,
      stability of the respiratory control system is lost. Such disturbance in the
      control system may arise by prolongation of the circulation time, or by the
      system becoming more dependent on its O2, rather than the CO2 component. Earlier
      investigators considered periodic breathing as a forewarning of ominous
      developments. In recent studies, mild degrees of periodic breathing, easily
      missed on physical examination, are often found in otherwise normal subjects,
      particularly during sleep. Generally no therapy is required, although
      aminophylline, O2 or CO2 administration has been shown to abolish periodic
      breathing.

PMID- 6435957
TI  - Intravenous salbutamol in the treatment of status asthmaticus in children.
AB  - The management of status asthmaticus using a continuous iv infusion of salbutamol
      was studied in 14 children with a total of 16 episodes of respiratory failure,
      unresponsive to conventional bronchodilator therapy. The mean PaCO2 at the start
      of the infusion was 60 +/- 6 torr. A loading dose of 1 microgram/kg X min body
      weight was given over 10 min, followed by an infusion of 0.2 microgram/kg X min
      which was increased in 0.1-microgram/kg steps according to response. The maximum
      dose was 4 microgram/kg X min. On 11 (69%) occasions a sustained reduction in
      PaCO2 was achieved within 4 h of starting the infusion. In 5 (11%) instances no
      reduction in PaCO2 was seen and mechanical ventilation was instituted because of
      increasing respiratory distress and CO2 retention. Mean heart rate during the
      infusion increased from 161 to 183 beat/min. Comparison with previous data from
      30 pediatric patients (40 infusions) receiving iv isoproterenol showed less
      effect on heart rate and a more sustained fall in PaCO2 without the recurrence of
      bronchospasm. We found salbutamol to be a safe and effective bronchodilator
      capable of reversing severe bronchospasm in most children who would otherwise
      require mechanical ventilation. Its greater specificity for beta 2-receptors may
      make it preferable to isoproterenol.

PMID- 6435958
TI  - Inhibition by phosphoramidon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase injected
      intracorneally in rabbit eyes.
AB  - Phosphoramidon (N-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxyhydroxyphosphinyl)-L-leucyl-L-trypto
      phan) is a powerful inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. The addition of
      this compound to an elastase solution injected intrastromally in rabbit eyes
      protected the corneas from the damage of the enzyme for a period of 12 hours.
      Phosphoramidon is comparable in this respect to the inhibitor 2-mercaptoacetyl-L
      phenylalanyl-L-leucine, but is considerably more effective than its analog
      phosphoryl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (P-Leu-Phe). It is suggested that the
      rhamnopyranosyl moiety, present in phosphoramidon but not in P-Leu-Phe, is
      responsible for the difference in the intracorneal activity of the two
      phosphoramidates. Phosphoramidon as well as the mercaptoacetyl derivative might
      prove beneficial in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infections.

PMID- 6435959
TI  - Intracellular potential and pH of rabbit corneal endothelial cells.
AB  - Rabbit corneal endothelial pH and electrical potential have both been determined
      using tracer distribution techniques. Intercellular pH was measured using the
      dimethyloxazolidine-dione method and intracellular potential was measured using
      tetraphenylphosphonium bromide. Intracellular pH was determined as 7.10 in an
      ambient solution of pH 7.5. The only solution variations which altered
      intracellular pH were variations in the external solution pH, bathing in sodium
      free or bicarbonate-free solution, incubation for 3 hours with 10(-6) or 10(-4) M
      ouabain or for 1 hour with 10(-4) M ouabain or in a high (60 mM) bicarbonate
      solution. The data indicate a close correlation between sodium and bicarbonate
      needs for the endothelium which corresponds with known effects of these ions on
      transendothelial ion fluxes. Intracellular potentials were measured of -34 mV,
      which were stable in the face of all environmental perturbations except 1 mM
      acetazolamide and 10(-6) M ouabain exposure for 3 hours. These newer techniques
      may be employed to provide some clues into the mechanism of endothelial transport
      systems.

PMID- 6435960
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism by retinas of rats with streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes.
AB  - Arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase pathway and the effects of
      aspirin and indomethacin were studied in whole retinas of rats with
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of
      streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and the animals were examined 5-6 weeks later. Whole
      retinas of nondiabetic and diabetic animals were incubated for 1 1/2 hours, and
      the amounts of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) accumulated in the media
      were measured. The amounts of PGE2 in the media of diabetic retinas was
      significantly lower than levels in media of nondiabetic group. However, the
      amounts of prostacyclin accumulated in the media of nondiabetic and diabetic
      retinas did not differ significantly. Addition of arachidonic acid (A.A.) to the
      incubation media caused an enhancement in the amounts of PGE2 and prostacyclin in
      the incubation media of both diabetic and nondiabetic retinas. Addition of
      indomethacin or aspirin to the incubation media caused a reduction of
      prostacyclin and PGE2 levels in the media of both groups.

PMID- 6435961
TI  - Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochloride.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
      of forty-one patients we found that oral ingestion of 1,248 mg a day of L-Lysine
      monohydrochloride shows evidence of decreasing the recurrence rate of herpes
      simplex attacks in nonimmunocompromised hosts. A dose of 624 mg a day was not
      effective. L-Lysine may also be capable of decreasing the severity of symptoms
      associated with recurrences. Neither dosage showed any evidence of shortening the
      healing time compared to placebo.

PMID- 6435962
TI  - [Endoscopic argon laser irradiation in animals and patients with upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 6435963
TI  - [Diagnosis of chronic respiratory acidosis complicated by metabolic acid-base
      dysequilibrium in cor pulmonale--blood gas analysis of 1,009 cases].

PMID- 6435964
TI  - [Chronic cor pulmonale and hypomagnesemia].

PMID- 6435965
TI  - [Investigation and analysis of trachoma and blindness among a population of
      101,803 in Guangdong].

PMID- 6435966
TI  - [Fluorescein angiography in malignant melanoma of the choroid].

PMID- 6435968
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic retinopathy with argon laser].

PMID- 6435967
TI  - [Study on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy--observation on serum growth
      hormone].

PMID- 6435969
TI  - [Analysis of retinal detachment due to macular holes].

PMID- 6435970
TI  - [Preserved sclera as buckling material for the treatment of retinal detachment-
      report of 53 cases].

PMID- 6435971
TI  - [Factors influencing absorption of subretinal fluid after explant buckling].

PMID- 6435972
TI  - [Experimental and clinical observations on fundus fluorescein angiography].

PMID- 6435973
TI  - [Observation on the fundus among healthy Tibetans on the Qinghai plateau].

PMID- 6435974
TI  - [Prostaglandins and glaucoma].

PMID- 6435975
TI  - [Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser with a fiber light guide in the treatment of
      eyelid disease].

PMID- 6435976
TI  - [Prevalence of blindness and eye diseases in an outer suburban district of
      Beijing].

PMID- 6435977
TI  - [The virulence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals and the
      therapeutic effect and biochemical changes of the drugs].

PMID- 6435978
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of immunogold cell surface label.
AB  - Goat antimouse immunoglobulin antibodies conjugated to colloidal 40-nm gold
      particles were used to label mouse spleen lymphocytes. The labeled cells were
      analysed with a flow cytometer, equipped with an argon-ion laser and a (0.5 mW)
      helium-neon laser. The right-angle (90 degrees) light scatter signal of the red
      (632.8 nm) helium-neon light was enhanced more than tenfold by the gold label.
      Dual labeling with gold and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) showed no
      interference between the two labels. Thus immunogold provides a nonfluorescent
      cell surface label that can be combined with other cell labels for
      multiparametrical cell analysis.

PMID- 6435979
TI  - Plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) and heparin.

PMID- 6435980
TI  - [The phosphoketolase system of carbohydrate cleavage in saprophytic
      mycobacteria].

PMID- 6435981
TI  - [Lymphocyte differentiation in continuous culture: the induction of the switching
      of the synthesis of immunoglobulin classes in IgM+ variants of a human
      lymphoblastoid cell line].

PMID- 6435982
TI  - Precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal in baboons after chronic dosing with
      lorazepam and CGS 9896.
AB  - In order to assess the ability of lorazepam (20 mg/kg/day) and CGS 9896 (100
      mg/kg/day) to produce physical-dependence in baboons, the occurrence of Ro 15
      1788 precipitated withdrawal signs and spontaneous withdrawal signs were
      determined. Lorazepam-treated baboons displayed precipitated withdrawal signs
      following the administration of Ro 15-1788 (5 mg/kg), and displayed mild to
      moderate spontaneous withdrawal signs following termination of drug treatment.
      CGS 9896-treated baboons did not display Ro 15-1788 precipitated withdrawal signs
      and displayed either no or only mild spontaneous withdrawal signs.

PMID- 6435983
TI  - Adulterants in heroin/cocaine: implications concerning heroin-associated
      nephropathy.
AB  - Heroin-associated nephropathy (HAN) is a complication of the intravenous use of
      heroin or cocaine. It has been postulated that one of the substances used to
      adulterate these drugs may be responsible for the renal injury. We examined data
      provided by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) concerning the laboratory
      analysis of 12 366 samples of heroin/cocaine. These street-grade drugs were
      analyzed for the presence of various adulterants or secondary substances. Eleven
      adulterants were identified with a frequency of occurrence that exceeded 5%.
      Quinine, mannitol, lactose and procaine were the non-narcotic compounds most
      commonly found. Other substances found included caffeine, inositol, lidocaine,
      starches, methapyrilene, sucrose, acetylprocaine and dextrose. No specific
      substance including heroin or cocaine has yet been definitely implicated as
      causative of HAN. These data suggest that further animal research is needed to
      determine the effects of repeated intravenous injections of each of these
      commonly found substances on the kidney.

PMID- 6435984
TI  - Suitability of animal models for predictive toxicology: theoretical and practical
      considerations.

PMID- 6435985
TI  - Antibiotic use in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Chronic pulmonary infections contribute significantly to the morbidity and
      mortality of patients with CF. The primary pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus. Hemophilus influenzae has been isolated from a
      significant number of patients also. A number of the beta-lactam and
      aminoglycoside antibiotics reportedly have altered pharmacokinetic variables in
      CF. Therapy of acute pulmonary deterioration consists of intravenous antibiotics
      for two weeks. Antibiotic selection is based on culture and sensitivity results.
      Currently, the combination of a broad-spectrum penicillin and an aminoglycoside
      seems to provide the best results. Prophylactic antibiotics are effective if the
      primary isolates are sensitive to the agents used. Chronic PA infections are
      problematic because effective oral agents are not available. Aerosolized
      antibiotics do not improve results over adequate systemic therapy for acute
      exacerbations. Questions regarding optimal dosages, frequency, and duration of
      therapy remain.

PMID- 6435986
TI  - A key to the literature of total enteral nutrition.
AB  - Proper nutrition is a prerequisite for good health. Nutritional support of
      stressed patients hospitalized for surgery, trauma, or medical treatment is a
      rapidly evolving science. This bibliography provides an access to the literature
      on enteral nutrition with chemically defined elemental diets.

PMID- 6435987
TI  - Oral gold in arthritis.
AB  - There are few drugs available with purported disease-modifying or healing effects
      in rheumatoid arthritis. The two agents that have gathered the most support in
      favor of these effects are parenteral gold and cyclophosphamide; however, both
      can produce intolerable toxicity. A new oral gold compound (auranofin; Ridaura)
      is being investigated in rheumatoid arthritis. Available studies suggest that
      auranofin may be slightly less effective than parenteral gold, but is
      significantly less toxic, the main side effect being diarrhea. There is evidence
      to suggest auranofin slows radiologic progression of the disease, but further
      studies are indicated. If further studies demonstrate a healing effect of the
      drug, comparable with data suggesting this effect for parenteral gold, auranofin
      may become a first-line agent in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6435988
TI  - Issues facing nutrition support teams.
AB  - Nutrition is a sophisticated science now recognized as an important medical
      discipline, and an NST is one excellent way to deliver nutrition care. Specialty
      training in clinical dietetics and clinical pharmacy provides individuals with
      increased knowledge in the areas of enteral and parenteral nutrition,
      respectively, although overlap exists. Both professional groups have a
      responsibility to document the cost savings associated with nutrition support and
      to unite to reinforce the accomplishments of the team and advance into the new
      horizons of home care.

PMID- 6435989
TI  - [Therapy of delayed male puberty].

PMID- 6435990
TI  - [Regulation of the sexual cycle in cattle].

PMID- 6435992
TI  - Sorption of selected organic pollutants in Danish soils.
AB  - The sorption of benzoic acid, nitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and naphthalene was determined for 10 Danish
      soils in laboratory studies. Measured equilibrium isotherms were of nonlinear
      Freundlich type for nearly all combinations of soil-test compounds. Adsorption
      was significantly correlated with the organic carbon content of the soils tested.
      No significant correlations with pH and cation-exchange capacity were observed.
      The adsorption of benzoic acid was found to be reversible and the sorption of
      naphthalene was reversible in 4 of 10 soils. A desorption-resistant fraction of
      adsorbed 2,4-D was estimated from interdependent adsorption and desorption
      isotherms.

PMID- 6435993
TI  - [Objective gustometry with adequate stimulation by registration of contingent
      negative variation].
AB  - Cortical evoked potentials require a steep and temporally reproduceable onset of
      sensory stimulation. As both items are difficult with gustatory stimuli, we tried
      to record the slow expectancy potential or "contingent negative variation" (CNV),
      which has turned out to be useful in objective olfactometry and speech
      audiometry. Sour, sweet, bitter or salty fluids were embedded in a water stream,
      which was sucked through a device well fitting to the tongue with holes at
      adequate locations. The negative vertex potential developped reproduceably
      between the recognition of taste and the acoustic signal, which could be expected
      only after one of the two alternatively offered gustatory stimuli. Clinical use
      of the method is demonstrated in a case of asymmetric loss of smell due to
      interruption of the chorda tympani during cholesteatoma operation. The CNV
      appeared only when stimulating the side of the tongue opposite to the ear
      operated on. In addition to the total or unilateral loss of taste, the ability to
      differentiate between two gustatory qualities can be diagnosed with an objective
      method, provided the patient cooperates by calm and attentive behaviour.

PMID- 6435991
TI  - Anti-parkinsonian drugs today.
AB  - The drug treatment of Parkinson's disease has progressed through 3 main stages:
      firstly, the use of anticholinergic drugs and amantadine; then the introduction
      of levodopa and its association with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors; and
      finally the use of direct acting dopamine agonist drugs. Levodopa, however,
      remains the most effective single drug in Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, the
      side effects associated with long term levodopa treatment today constitute an
      important cause of functional disability. 'Positive' side effects such as
      involuntary movements and psychiatric disorder remain difficult to manage without
      causing an increase in Parkinsonian immobility; conversely, management of the
      'negative' phenomenon of the 'off' period is limited by these same side effects.
      This has generated renewed interest in the highly complex pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic properties of levodopa, with the aim of reducing fluctuations in
      plasma levodopa (and hence brain dopamine) concentrations by sustained release
      oral or continuous parenteral administration of the drug.

PMID- 6435994
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of the intraoperative monitoring of evoked potentials].
AB  - The aim of intraoperative monitoring methods is to obtain early information about
      central nervous function during critical phases of the operation. To this end it
      can be useful to accept modifications of the method or the technical parameters
      such as changes of the electrode positions, of the system's bandpass, the
      analysis time or the number of sweeps used for averaging. Additionally emphasis
      is laid upon the fact that there is no knowledge concerning the critical changes
      of potential which might indicate functional disturbances or impending
      postoperative neurological deficits. At the present time intraoperative EP
      Monitoring is not an established method for clinical use. Evidence is lacking
      that supervision of the operation by these means results in a reduced operation
      risk.

PMID- 6435995
TI  - [EEG activation using bemegride in the diagnosis of epilepsy. 2. Catamnestic
      studies].
AB  - 43 patients were evaluated catamnestically 5-10 years after a bemegride test in
      order to proof its relevance. The bemegride test was considered as diagnostically
      helpful in 37 cases (86%) based on observations of the course. It had been false
      negative in four cases (9,3%), and false positive in two cases (4,7%). The
      occurrence of epileptic attacks is indicated by the activation of regular and
      irregular spike-wave complexes as well as other specific epileptic discharges.
      These could be activated by an average threshold of 68,5 mg or 1,09 mg/kg body
      weight in 86,2% of all patients with epileptic attacks. The threshold dose was
      lower in cases of primary generalized attacks than in complex focal attacks. The
      indication for the bemegride test is restricted.

PMID- 6435996
TI  - [Electroencephalographic findings in tick-borne encephalitis].
AB  - Changes of EEG-activity of 10 patients with serologically proved tick-borne
      encephalitis have been investigated. The most common pathologic signs is the
      frequency reduction of the basic activity and groups of delta-waves with a
      frontal pregnancy. The pathologic activity of the EEG mostly coincides with the
      appearance of organic-psychosyndrome of the patients between 12 and 24 days after
      the tick-bite. Hypothesis on pathological mechanisms of transitoric EEG
      phenomenas and their diagnostical significance are discussed on the basic of
      literary dates.

PMID- 6435997
TI  - [Methods of EEG quantification for the improvement of diagnosis in multiple
      sclerosis].
AB  - The quantified EEG was studied in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis. The
      results were compared with those of a matched control group of normal volunteers.
      Abnormalities in the quantified EEG could be demonstrated in 50% of the MS
      patients. The value of the method in clinical practice, however, is limited: 95%
      of our patients showed abnormal results of the CSF analysis and/or EP studies. It
      seems advisable to use computer analysis of the EEG only in those MS patients in
      whom the much simpler EP recordings and CSF analysis does not lead to conclusive
      results.

PMID- 6435998
TI  - [Saccadic eye movements as a measure of the pharmacodynamics of benzodiazepines.
      Evaluation of various occulographic parameters].
AB  - Effects of a single dose of 0.25 mg triazolam p.o. on saccadic eye movements were
      studied in 6 healthy volunteers. Triazolam was chosen because of its short half
      life of 2.5 hours. Peak velocity, duration, acceleration/deceleration index,
      ratio of hypometric saccades and number of corrective saccades were measured
      before and at repeated intervals after triazolam administration over a period of
      9 hours. Maximal change compared with baseline was observed 90 min. after drug
      administration. After 9 hours baseline values were reached. As with other
      benzodiazepines, peak velocity and duration of saccades were the most reliable
      parameters. Additionally, the number of corrective saccades was found to be a
      sensitive indicator of drug-induced impairment of oculomotor performance. The
      present study again emphasises the importance of saccadic eye movements for
      assessing effects of sedative drugs.

PMID- 6435999
TI  - [Changes in the length of sleep cycles during administration of flurazepam and
      lopirazepam].
AB  - The influence of narcotics on the duration of the ultradian NREM/REM cycle can be
      clearly recognized only when the first, particularly instable cycle is also
      included in the evaluation. A study with Lopirazepame and Flurazepame showed that
      compared to placebo Lopirazepame prolonged the first cycle particularly. In
      contrast with Flurazepame the first, but mainly the second cycle was shortened,
      and not until the third NREM/REM cycle the duration was compatible with that of
      placebo and Lopirazepame. The result is, that in nights of the same length
      Flurazepame shows a half or one cycle more compared to Lopirazepame.

PMID- 6436000
TI  - [Motor unit potentials of the biceps muscle in comparing right and left
      parameters in right-handed subjects].
AB  - Motor unit potentials recorded by a concentric needle electrode in the right and
      left m. biceps brachii were statistically compared with regards to mean potential
      duration and amplitude. With the Wilcoxon-test the mean duration showed no
      statistically significant right/left difference, whereas the mean potential
      amplitude turned out to be significantly higher in the left m. biceps (Fig. 1, 2,
      table 1). The fibre density measured by a single fibre EMG electrode was found to
      be higher in the left m. biceps as well (1.23 as compared to 1.18 in the right).
      Therefore it is assumed that muscle fibre hypertrophy in muscles of the right arm
      in right-handed subjects leads to a decrease in fibre density within the motor
      units. The mean distance between active muscle fibres and electrode seems to be a
      more important factor with regards to the unit potential's amplitude than the
      muscle fibre diameter itself.

PMID- 6436001
TI  - Blink reflex in Biot's type of breathing: a case report.

PMID- 6436002
TI  - Dithisone diabetes in rabbits and its prevention by sulfhydryl and imidazole
      containing compounds.
AB  - Diabetogenic action of dithisone was investigated in a total of 368 adult rabbits
      and 53 young animals between 10 h and 31 days of age. The diabetes was found in
      95% of animals injected with dithisone and various forms of this disease were
      observed: 1. long-term diabetes without any signs of normalization of glycemia;
      2. diabetes with periodical remissions; 3. several cases with a definite
      remission. The diabetes did not appear in young animals during certain periods of
      life in which the concentration of zinc in pancreatic islets was very low. It was
      possible to prevent the development of this disease by the administration of some
      compounds containing sulfhydryl or imidazole groups (cysteine, SH-glutathione,
      dimercaptopropanol (BAL), unithiol (sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropansulfonate),
      (histidine) and the diabetes also did not appear in such animals in which a
      majority of zinc was removed by glybenclamide. From these observations it was
      concluded that the development of diabetes after dithisone depends on the
      formation of dithisone complex with zinc in beta-cells.

PMID- 6436003
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system during suckling period in rat and man.

PMID- 6436004
TI  - Hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion during the perinatal period in the
      rat.
AB  - The development of hypothalamic control of PRL secretion in the late prenatal and
      early postnatal periods in the rat was studied by employing a static system for
      incubation of pituitaries. PRL was detected in the incubation medium after
      incubating fetal pituitaries as early as day 18. A gradual increase in the amount
      of hormone released into the medium occurred during development, with the
      greatest change occurring between days 20 and 21 prenatally. A progressive
      increase in the pituitary content of PRL occurred during development. The
      percentage of PRL released from the gland was higher pre- (19-39%) than
      postnatally (17%). Hypothalamic extracts from fetuses and neonates stimulated the
      secretion of PRL when coincubated with pituitaries from animals of the same age.
      However, extracts from 1-day-old neonates inhibited PRL secretion from adult male
      hemipituitaries. Extracts prepared from adult male hypothalami stimulated PRL
      secretion from neonatal pituitaries from rats at 1 day of age, as did cerebral
      cortical extracts from adults, but not 1-day-old, rats. TRH significantly
      stimulated PRL secretion in vitro from pituitaries of donors as early as day 19
      of the fetal period. The response of the pituitaries to this peptide diminished
      by day 8 postnatally. Immunoneutralization of hypothalamic TRH significantly
      decreased but did not abolish the PRL-releasing activity of hypothalamic
      extracts, whereas this procedure had no effect on the GH-releasing activity of
      the extracts. The dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (10(-5) M) inhibited PRL
      secretion in vitro on day 19 of the fetal period and postnatally starting on day
      1. The response to apomorphine increased with advancing age. The results suggest
      that a combination of factors contribute to maintaining high circulating PRL
      levels during the late fetal and early neonatal periods. These include high rates
      of PRL release by the pituitary and a relative insensitivity of the pituitary to
      dopamine in the face of high sensitivity to PRL-releasing factors such as TRH.

PMID- 6436005
TI  - Effects of cycloheximide, alpha-amanitin, and alpha-difluoromethylornithine on
      thyrotropin-induced increases in the micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of thyroid
      nuclear chromatin.
AB  - Treatment of calf thyroid slices with TSH increases the nuclease sensitivity of
      nuclear chromatin, i.e. the amount of DNA released from nuclei by mild digestion
      with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease. Cycloheximide and alpha-amanitin were used
      to investigate the roles played by protein and RNA synthesis in mediating this
      effect of TSH; alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase, was used to investigate the possible involvement of
      polyamines. Calf thyroid slices were incubated with or without TSH (50 mU/ml) for
      5 h, in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Nuclei were then prepared,
      subjected to mild digestion with micrococcal nuclease, and centrifuged at 1200 X
      g. The amount of DNA in 1200 X g supernatants was increased by TSH; this was
      inhibited by cycloheximide (100 micrograms/ml) and alpha-amanitin (4
      micrograms/ml) when these agents were present throughout incubations with TSH. In
      contrast, alpha-amanitin failed to inhibit the TSH effect when it was added to
      incubations 30 min or 2 h after the addition of TSH. These results indicate that
      RNA and protein synthesis play a part in mediating the effect of TSH on the
      micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of chromatin, and that the RNA synthesis
      involved takes place within the first 30 min of exposure of thyroid slices to
      TSH. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (5 mM) inhibited the TSH-dependent development
      of micrococcal nuclease sensitivity; however, it also inhibited nuclease
      digestion when it was added directly to nuclei prepared from fresh thyroid
      tissue. This observation should serve as a warning against uncritical acceptance
      of the notion that all effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine are the result of
      inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase.

PMID- 6436006
TI  - Glucagon and insulin secretion and their biological activities in hypothermic
      rats.
AB  - To clarify the impact of hypothermia on the hormonal control of glucose
      metabolism, rats were rendered hypothermic (25 C) after catheterization of the
      portal vein. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and catecholamine concentrations were
      serially monitored, and the regional blood flows were measured, allowing the
      estimation of hormone outputs. Hypothermia reduced the portal blood flow by 50%
      without changing arterial blood pressure, blood gases, or pH. Portal plasma
      insulin secretion dropped (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 mU/min), and glucagon
      secretion increased (0.81 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.10 ng/min). The B cell
      responses to glucose, arginine, and glucagon were abolished, while the A cell
      response to arginine was not significantly affected. Glucose intolerance was
      apparent after iv glucose or arginine loads. Haloperidol and to a lesser extent
      phentolamine suppressed the cold-induced glucagon rise. Phentolamine and to a
      lesser extent haloperidol alleviated the cold-induced suppression of insulin
      release. Propranolol, naloxone, and atropine were relatively inactive. The cold
      induced glucose intolerance was not corrected by phentolamine treatment. A marked
      resistance to iv insulin was apparent in these rats, which is in contrast to a
      normal sensitivity to iv glucagon.

PMID- 6436007
TI  - The effect of different photoperiods on plasma concentrations of melatonin,
      prolactin, and cortisol in the domestic cat.
AB  - These studies investigated the effects of photoperiod on plasma melatonin, PRL,
      and cortisol concentrations in cats. Animals were placed in one of three
      different photoperiod regimens [short (SP), 8 h of light, 16 h of darkness
      (8L:16D); normal (NP), 14L:10D; long (LP), 24L:OD] 140 days before
      experimentation (n = 4/group). In the first experiment, melatonin, PRL, and
      cortisol concentrations were measured in plasma obtained at 2-h intervals for 24
      h. Peak melatonin concentrations were significantly different (P less than 0.05)
      in the groups with SP greater than NP greater than LP (9226 +/- 1052 vs. 3890 +/-
      556 vs. 590 +/- 198 pg/ml, respectively). Melatonin concentrations declined
      significantly (P less than 0.01) during the last 2 h of dark in the SP animals,
      but not in NP animals. Acrophases for melatonin biorhythms occurred at 0030,
      0430, and 0215 h for SP, NP, and LP, respectively. Significant regression
      coefficients were found for 8-, 12-, and 24-h cycles in the SP and for 8- and 24
      h cycles in the NP (none in the LP). PRL concentrations were significantly higher
      during darkness in cats under a longer duration of dark with SP greater than NP
      greater than LP (164 +/- 5 vs. 57 +/- 3 vs. 26 +/- 7 ng/ml, respectively; P less
      than 0.05). Acrophases for SP and NP PRL biorhythms were similar (0145 vs. 0200
      h, respectively), while exposure to a LP resulted in a major change in the
      acrophase (1200 h). Cortisol secretion was not affected by photoperiod. In the
      second experiment, animals entrained to SP for about 160 days were exposed to
      light at 2000 h for 12 h (6 h after lights off). Significant decreases (P less
      than 0.05) in PRL concentrations were noted within 2 h and in melatonin
      concentrations by 4 h (first sample analyzed). In a third experiment, animals
      entrained to a LP released significantly more PRL in response to TRH
      administration (P less than 0.001) than did those in NP and SP. The data indicate
      that melatonin and PRL secretion, but not cortisol secretion, are very responsive
      to changes in photoperiod in the cat.

PMID- 6436009
TI  - The rhesus monkey corpus luteum is dependent on pituitary gonadotropin secretion
      throughout the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Experiments were conducted in rhesus monkeys to determine whether the corpus
      luteum of the menstrual cycle requires pituitary gonadotropin for progesterone
      production and normal functional lifespan. Eight adult females were rendered
      anovulatory by placement of radiofrequency lesions in the arcuate region of the
      medial basal hypothalamus. Endogenous gonadotropin secretion and ovulatory cycles
      were reestablished by chronic pulsatile infusion of GnRH. Control luteal phases
      exhibited typical plasma progesterone patterns and ranged from 14-17 days in
      length. In experimental cycles, endogenous gonadotropin secretion was interrupted
      during the luteal phase by stopping the infusion of GnRH. When the GnRH infusion
      was stopped in the early luteal phase (3 days after the preovulatory estradiol
      peak; day 3), plasma LH fell to undetectable levels within 90 min. Plasma
      progesterone concentrations (1.5 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) declined to undetectable levels
      (less than 0.2 ng/ml) by the afternoon of day 5 (P less than 0.05). Premature
      menses occurred 2-5 days later. When the GnRH infusion was stopped in the
      midluteal phase (day 8), plasma LH fell below the limits of detectability within
      150 min. Circulating progesterone (4.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml) declined to undetectable
      levels by the afternoon of the following day. Premature menses occurred 3 days
      after the fall in plasma LH, 11 days after the preovulatory estradiol peak.
      Plasma LH and progesterone remained undetectable as long as exogenous GnRH was
      withheld (18 days), and progesterone did not reappear until the next GnRH-induced
      ovulatory cycle. These results demonstrate that the normal functional lifespan of
      the primate corpus luteum requires the presence of circulating pituitary
      gonadotropin during both the early (developmental) and middle (fully functional)
      stages of the nonfertile luteal phase.

PMID- 6436008
TI  - Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. XVII. Demonstration of pulsatile luteinizing
      hormone secretion by the fetal pituitary gland.
AB  - To determine whether pulsatile gonadotropin secretion occurs in the fetus, plasma
      immunoreactive ovine LH (oLH) concentrations were determined by homologous RIA in
      serial samples obtained in 51 chronically catheterized fetuses between 79 and 140
      days gestation. Pulsatile secretion of LH was detected in 39 fetuses, with a peak
      amplitude ranging from 1.2-11.5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, 4.5 +/- 2.3 ng/ml). The mean
      plasma oLH concentration between pulses was 0.4 +/- 0.23 ng/ml. The mean
      amplitudes of the LH pulses were similar in the age range studied, and a sex
      difference was not detected. The estimated interpulse interval (determined by
      dividing the total number of hours during which blood samples were obtained by
      the number of pulses demonstrated) was 2.4 h between 91 and 110 days gestation.
      The pattern of plasma oFSH concentration was examined in 20 fetuses between 98
      and 123 days gestation. Six fetuses with gestational ages between 106 and 115
      days had FSH pulses that were equal or more than 2 times the sensitivity of the
      RIA. This study demonstrates a pulsatile mode of LH secretion by the ovine fetal
      pituitary as early as 81 days gestation and provides indirect evidence for
      pulsatile LRF secretion by the fetal hypothalamus and an operative LRF pulse
      generator by midgestation, the earliest stage in gestation studied.

PMID- 6436010
TI  - The effects of magnesium on calcium inhibition of parathyroid adenylate cyclase.
AB  - cAMP has been shown to mediate the response of the parathyroid gland to a number
      of agonists and appears to take part in the regulation of this gland by divalent
      cations as well. We have studied the effects of the concentrations of free
      magnesium (Mg+2) and ionic calcium (Ca+2) on the kinetic properties of normal
      porcine parathyroid adenylate cyclase. In a previous study we obtained evidence
      for two calcium inhibition sites in this enzyme complex. In the present study we
      observed that the Mg+2 concentration influences the relative contribution of
      these sites to the overall calcium inhibition. At a high Mg+2 concentration (10
      mM), the high affinity site contributes less than 50% of the total calcium
      inhibitable activity, whereas at a Mg+2 concentration in the low physiological
      range (0.5 mM), the high affinity site accounts for all the calcium inhibitable
      activity. Mg+2 was found to be a potent activator of porcine parathyroid
      adenylate cyclase, with a Ka of Mg of 0.8-2 mM. Ionic calcium at low
      concentrations (0.2-5 microM) acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to
      Mg+2 activation. The calcium inhibition constant was estimated to be 2-3 microM.
      The Km for ATPMg-2 was 0.3 mM, which is similar to that found in other studies of
      adenylate cyclase activity in parathyroid tissue. The effects of Ca+2 on
      enzymatic activity with respect to the ATPMg-2 concentration showed
      noncompetitive inhibition. The calcium inhibition constant with respect to its
      effect on Vmax (KIv) was 3 microM; the calcium inhibition constant with respect
      to its effect on the binding of ATPMg-2 (KIs) was 10 microM. It is concluded from
      these results that the concentrations of intracellular Ca+2 reported to be
      present in parathyroid cells could inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. The mode
      of calcium inhibition that involves competition with magnesium would be
      particularly significant at low intracellular Mg+2 concentrations, and this
      phenomenon may account for the parathyroid secretory defect which is a
      characteristic feature of the magnesium-deficient state.

PMID- 6436011
TI  - Effects of branched chain amino acids on spontaneous growth hormone secretion in
      the baboon.
AB  - Blood concentrations of the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated
      during fasting in healthy subjects and are abnormally high both postprandially
      and during fasting in diabetic patients. Despite evidence that these amino acids
      influence brain metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, there is little
      information on the neuroendocrine effects of the BCAAs. This study provides
      evidence that elevation of postprandial blood levels of the BCAAs alters the
      ultradian rhythm of GH secretion observed in the baboon during daylight hours. To
      mimic the postprandial rise in the BCAAs that occurs in diabetic patients, we
      infused either saline or a mixture of valine, leucine, and isoleucine into six
      conscious male baboons from 1530-1900 h daily for 4 days during and after the
      normal feeding time. On the last day of the infusions, blood samples were
      collected at 20-min intervals from 0800-1500 h and at 30-min intervals from 1500
      2000 h. The amino acid infusions increased postprandial blood concentrations of
      the BCAAs 2- to 5-fold over control levels and lowered the blood concentrations
      of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and lysine compared to concentrations observed during
      control infusions. A significant elevation in GH levels occurred in association
      with BCAA treatment in each animal between 0800 and 1100 h, 13 h after the
      previous day's infusion. Average +/- SE maximum GH levels observed between 0800
      and 1100 h were 11.6 +/- 2.9 ng/ml under experimental conditions compared to a
      control value of 3.8 +/- 1.2 (P less than 0.02). Whether the increased GH levels
      represented the generation of a new peak or a phase shift in a nocturnal peak was
      not determined. Combined with evidence that spontaneous release of GH is neurally
      regulated in the baboon, this study suggests that changes in the blood levels of
      the BCAAs modulate neural mechanisms that regulate GH rhythmicity.

PMID- 6436012
TI  - Chronic exposure of cultured rat anterior pituitary cells to GRF causes partial
      loss of responsiveness to GRF.
AB  - Pretreatment of primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells with 500 pM
      rhGRF for 24 h resulted in a partial loss of responsiveness to GRF. When
      pretreated cells were rechallenged with increasing concentrations of rhGRF,
      maximal GH secretion was significantly lower than control, since prolonged
      exposure to the peptide resulted in depletion of releasable GH pools: 3.04 +/-
      0.39 and 0.63 +/- 0.08 micrograms GH per 0.15 X 10(6) cells in control and
      treated cells, respectively. Possible desensitization, however, was indicated,
      since chronic exposure to rhGRF increased the EC50 for GH secretion by 5.5-fold.
      Pretreatment with 2 mM 8BrcAMP for 24 h also caused significant depletion of
      cellular GH. Consequently, maximal GH secretory response of these cells was
      blunted as well. However, in contrast to rhGRF-pretreatment, 8BrcAMP-pretreatment
      did not significantly affect the EC50 value for GH secretion. As another index
      for cellular responsiveness, cAMP production was also monitored. After a 24-h
      incubation with 500 pM rhGRF, attenuation of adenylate cyclase activity was
      evident, since the EC50 value for cAMP production was 2.8-fold greater than
      control. These results suggest that prolonged pretreatment with GRF results in a
      partial loss of responsiveness to GRF and this may be explained by
      desensitization and to some extent by depletion of GH stores.

PMID- 6436013
TI  - Role of apoprotein and calcium ions in surfactant function.
AB  - Pulmonary surfactant isolated in the presence of calcium ions contains
      substantial amounts of the morphologic structure, tubular myelin. Chelation of
      these calcium ions results in disruption of this structure and attendant loss of
      surface adsorption. Reassembly studies indicate that ability of the lipids to
      rapidly form surface films is dependent on the presence of a specific surfactant
      protein in addition to the calcium ions. The formation of this surface-active
      complex (apoprotein-lipid-calcium ions) is accompanied by aggregation of the
      lipid. This increase in aggregation may have important implications in the
      mechanism of surfactant function.

PMID- 6436014
TI  - A review of plasma apolipoprotein A-I interactions with phosphatidylcholines.
AB  - This review starts with a brief introduction to the properties of plasma high
      density lipoproteins and their major protein component, apolipoprotein A-I,
      followed, in the following sections, by an account of experimental work from our
      laboratory on the interactions of apolipoprotein A-I with synthetic and natural
      phosphatidylcholines. The spontaneous reactions of phosphatidylcholine vesicles
      with apolipoprotein A-I are described in terms of the methods of observation, the
      properties of the reaction products (vesicular or micellar complexes of protein
      and lipid), and the kinetic controlling factors in the formation of the micellar
      products. A general detergent reconstitution method for the preparation of
      micellar complexes is presented, and applications of these particles in studies
      of the apolipoprotein-lipid interface and of enzymatic reactions are discussed.

PMID- 6436015
TI  - Effect of metal chelators on excretion and tissue levels of essential trace
      elements.
AB  - The influence of one, three, and six doses of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and triethylenetetramine
      (TETA) on the urinary excretion of Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn, and on their levels in
      liver, kidneys, heart, and serum in rats, was investigated to ascertain their
      suitability in amelioration of metal intoxication. While excretion of all the
      essential trace metals examined was enhanced significantly, the tissue and serum
      levels of some of them either increased or decreased after administration of the
      chelators. The results suggest depletion of some of the endogenous trace metals
      from the body and their intertissue redistribution following treatment with these
      chelating agents.

PMID- 6436016
TI  - Arterial blood gas tension and acid base balance during exercise in horses with
      pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia.
AB  - Arterial blood gas and acid-base values during maximal exercise over a 1.2 km
      distance were recorded in four Thoroughbred horses before and after the chemical
      induction of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH). Samples were collected after
      galloping 0.8 km and 1.2 km, immediately upon stopping and 5 mins after
      exercising. In only one horse was any difference noted in the pre and post PLH
      induction results. The horse was more hypercapnoeic at the 1.2 km mark and also
      took much longer to complete the gallop when it had PLH. However, it also had
      signs of lower respiratory disease. In the other horses, the only changes which
      could be attributed to PLH were seen immediately upon stopping. It seems that PLH
      does not inhibit gas exchange during exercise unless the lesions are extremely
      severe.

PMID- 6436017
TI  - The Eb beta gene may have acted as the donor gene in a gene conversion-like event
      generating the Abm 12 beta mutant.
AB  - At least two different class II histocompatibility antigens, I-A and I-E, are
      encoded by the murine major histocompatibility complex. Both types of class II
      antigens are composed of polypeptide chains called alpha and beta. Class II
      antigens display extensive genetic polymorphism, the main part of which resides
      in the NH2-terminal domains of the A alpha, A beta and E beta chains. Recently it
      was shown that the mutant gene Abm 12 beta differed from the wild-type gene Ab
      beta by three nucleotide substitutions, which all occur within a stretch of 14
      nucleotides. Multiple substitutions of the type found in the Abm 12 beta gene
      suggest that the mutant arose by a gene conversion-like event. To examine whether
      the Eb beta gene may have served as the donor gene in the generation of the Abm
      12 beta gene, we have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone corresponding to the Eb
      beta gene. Comparisons of the Eb beta, the Ab beta and the Abm 12 beta nucleotide
      sequences revealed that the Eb beta sequence is identical to that of Abm 12 beta
      in the positions where the latter differs from the Ab beta sequence. This
      observation is consistent with the notion that the Abm 12 beta mutant gene arose
      by a gene conversion-like event involving the Eb beta gene.

PMID- 6436018
TI  - Long identical repeats in the mouse gamma 2b switch region and their implications
      for the mechanism of class switching.
AB  - A computer sorting method was used to construct a dictionary by which long
      identical repeats of nucleotides could be identified and all available sequences
      of immunoglobulin switch regions were examined. The genomic mouse gamma 2b switch
      region contains two sets of four long identical repeats comprising 102, 72, 98
      and 109 nucleotides respectively. The first is separated from the second by 347
      nucleotides which contain the first 46 nucleotides of the 98 nucleotide set as a
      third partial repeat. These sets overlap the 49-bp separation between identical
      five nucleotide repeats GAGCT, GGGGT, ACCAG and CGAGC. Switches from S mu to S
      gamma 2b in and between these sets involve deletions of all or part of a set.
      Frequencies and locations of short repeats show differences between S mu, S
      epsilon, and S alpha and the other switch regions; these could determine
      specificity and locations of switches.

PMID- 6436019
TI  - Concerted evolution of the mouse immunoglobulin gamma chain genes.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region genes
      of mouse, C gamma 3, C gamma 1, C gamma 2b and C gamma 2a, together with that of
      a human equivalent C gamma 4 were compared. All the six pairs of genes within the
      mouse C gamma gene family contain DNA segments that exhibit marked homology,
      whereas no such segmental homology was found in interspecies comparisons. This
      result indicates that the four C gamma genes of the mouse evolved concertedly by
      exchanging parts of their genetic information with each other either by gene
      conversion or by double unequal crossing-over. Another example of such concerted
      evolution was found in gene regions encoding membrane domains of the mouse C
      gamma chains. We also searched for such segmental homologies in other mammalian C
      gamma gene families and found at least two more examples in man and guinea-pig.
      In the mouse C gamma gene family, the silent positions of an exon encoding the
      third domain of C gamma chains show much greater divergence in sequence than
      other regions, indicating that the genetic information encoded by this gene
      region was least scrambled during recent evolution. A phylogenetic tree
      constructed from the nucleotide differences of this exon demonstrates that at
      least two C gamma genes had already existed before mammalian radiation. Based on
      these results, evolution of mammalian C gamma gene families is discussed.

PMID- 6436020
TI  - Influence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on opsonization and
      phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - To determine whether pretreating Pseudomonas aeruginosa with antibiotics had an
      effect on phagocytosis, a serum-resistant clinical isolate was incubated with one
      third of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of azlocillin, carbenicillin,
      cefoperazone, fosfomycin, netilmicin and piperacillin respectively prior to
      exposure to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The phagocytic process was
      measured by assaying radiolabeled bacteria. The uptake rates of untreated and
      antibiotic treated bacteria did not differ when normal human serum was used for
      opsonization. However, when the serum was heated to inactivate the complement
      system, its opsonic activity for untreated as well as for fosfomycin and
      netilmicin treated pseudomonas was removed and phagocytosis did not take place.
      In contrast, bacteria pretreated with the betalactam antibiotics still underwent
      phagocytosis, as also confirmed by electron microscopy. Even in the presence of
      rabbit immune serum untreated bacteria still required the participation of the
      complement system for optimal opsonization, whereas bacteria treated with beta
      lactam antibiotics did not.

PMID- 6436021
TI  - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, azthreonam and ceftazidime against Serratia
      marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6436022
TI  - Spectral intermediates of prostaglandin hydroperoxidase.
AB  - Microsomes from ram seminal vesicles or purified prostaglandin H synthase
      supplemented with either arachidonic acid or prostaglandin G2 formed an unstable
      spectral intermediate with maxima at 430 nm, 525 nm and 555 nm and minima at 410
      nm, 490 nm and 630 nm. At -15 degrees C the band at 430 nm disappeared within 4
      min whereas the trough at 410 nm increased three fold. At higher temperatures (10
      37 degrees C) spectral complex formation and decay were observed in less than 1
      s. An apparent KS-value of about 3 microM was determined for the titration of
      purified prostaglandin synthase with prostaglandin G2 at -20 degrees C.
      Substrates for cooxidation reactions of prostaglandin synthase such as phenol,
      hydroquinone and reduced glutathione as well as the peroxidase inhibitors cyanide
      and azide inhibited the prostaglandin G2-induced spectral complex formation. The
      oxene donor iodosobenzene and hydrogen peroxide formed a spectral intermediate
      analogous to the complex observed with prostaglandin G2 or arachidonic acid in
      ram seminal vesicle microsomes as well as with the purified prostaglandin
      synthase. These results are interpreted as the formation of a ferryl-oxo complex
      (FeO)3+ of the heme of prostaglandin synthase with prostaglandin G2 analogous to
      the formation of compound I of horseradish peroxidase.

PMID- 6436023
TI  - Purification and characterization of a microsomal cytochrome P-450 with high
      activity of coumarin 7-hydroxylase from mouse liver.
AB  - Phenobarbital-induced coumarin 7-hydroxylase is high in DBA/2J and low in
      C57BL/6N inbred mice; this genetic difference is encoded by the Coh locus on
      chromosome 7. The aim of this study was to develop an antibody specific for this
      cytochrome P-450 polymorphism. P-450 fractions, highly specific for phenobarbital
      inducible coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity, were purified from DBA/2J and C57BL/6N
      mouse liver microsomes. Both proteins are 49 kDa, as estimated by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Soret peaks of the reduced cytochrome
      . CO complexes are 451 nm. Reconstituted DBA/2J coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity
      exhibits a V twice as high as, and a Km value 10-fold less than, the
      reconstituted C57BL/6N activity. Antibodies were raised in rabbit. By Ouchterlony
      immunodiffusion, both antibodies show 100% cross-reactivity with DBA/2J and
      C57BL/6N microsomes and purified antigens. Yet, DBA/2J but not C57BL/6N 7
      hydroxylase activity is inhibited by the antibody to DBA/2J P-450. Both DBA/2J
      and C57BL/6N activities are blocked by the antibody to C57BL/6N P-450. Neither
      antibody has any effect on liver microsomal d-benzphetamine N-demethylase,
      ethylmorphine N-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O
      deethylase, acetanilide 4-hydroxylase, or aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene)
      hydroxylase activity. The DBA/2J protein most specific for phenobarbital-induced
      coumarin 7-hydroxylation is designated 'P-450Coh'. Anti-(P-450Coh) precipitates a
      relatively minor 49-kDa protein from detergent-solubilized microsomes and from in
      vitro translation of poly(A+)-enriched total RNA of phenobarbital-treated DBA/2J
      mouse liver, whereas the major phenobarbital-induced P-450 proteins exhibit a
      molecular mass of about 51 kDa. The immunoprecipitated translation products
      correspond to a messenger RNA of 2100 +/- 100 nucleotides.

PMID- 6436024
TI  - Distribution and utilization of 5 S-RNA-binding proteins during the development
      of Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - At early stages of oogenesis in Xenopus laevis most of the ribosomal 5S RNA is
      complexed with three proteins to form two types of cytoplasmic RNP storage
      particle. A particle sedimenting at 42S contains 5S RNA and tRNA together with
      two proteins of Mr 48000 (P48) and Mr 43000 (P43) and a second particle
      sedimenting at 7S contains 5S RNA plus a protein of Mr 40000 (P40, also known as
      the transcription factor, TFIIIA). In this report we use antibodies monospecific
      for each protein to follow the movement of 5S RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm to
      nucleolus to cytoplasm and to determine the fate of each of the proteins that
      associate with 5S RNA during these transitions. Both P48 and P43 have roles
      additional to the formation of the 42S RNP storage particle; P48 is detected in
      the nucleus during early oogenesis and is cleaved to yield an Mr-33000 fragment
      that remains associated with 5S RNA that is excess to ribosome requirement during
      late oogenesis; P43 appears to be cleaved to yield fragments of Mr 28000 and
      17000, the latter being present in ribosomal fractions. Apparently, there is no
      function for P40 in addition to those already described in transcription of 5S
      RNA genes and in storage of 5S RNA as a 7S RNP particle.

PMID- 6436025
TI  - Response of isolated sperm plasma membranes from sea urchin to egg jelly.
AB  - The acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm is induced by a glycoprotein jelly
      surrounding the egg and is accompanied by changes in ion permeability of sperm
      plasma membrane. In an attempt to learn what membrane components are involved in
      the response to jelly, we have begun to reassemble sperm membrane components into
      artificial membranes and assay for permeability changes mimicking those that
      occur in sperm. Jelly in sea water at concentrations that induce the acrosome
      reaction did not significantly change 45Ca2+ uptake of sonicated unilamellar
      vesicles made with soybean lipid only (ratio jelly:control uptake = 1.08 +/- 0.36
      SD, n = 21). Experiments with pure lipid planar bilayers made with soybean lipid
      or a lipid extract from sperm and held at various voltages, also did not reveal
      substantial permeability changes at comparable jelly concentrations. Thus, jelly
      by itself does not change the conductance of a pure lipid bilayer. In contrast,
      significant (P----0.0005, t test for two sample means) 45Ca2+ uptake was observed
      with vesicles made by cosonicating soybean phospholipids and Strongylocentrotus
      purpuratus sperm membranes isolated by the method of Cross, N. L. [1983, J. Cell
      Sci. 59, 13-25] (ratio jelly: control uptake = 1.51 +/- 0.75, n = 20, 16 positive
      out of 20 experiments). The calcium uptake response of the mixed vesicles was
      also species-specific: it did not occur with jelly from Arbacia punctulata (ratio
      Arbacia jelly: control = 1.18 +/- 0.51; ratio Strongylocentrotus jelly: control =
      1.71 +/- 0.97, n = 10; P----0.025, paired t statistic). Vesicles made with
      soybean lipid and an octyl glucoside extract of sperm membranes also responded to
      jelly with increased 45Ca2+ uptake. Our results indicate that we have the
      starting conditions to isolate and characterize the sperm membrane components
      that participate in the egg jelly induced permeability changes.

PMID- 6436026
TI  - Phosphate transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Involvement of a periplasmic
      phosphate-binding protein.
AB  - A binding protein for inorganic phosphate was purified to apparent homogeneity
      from the shock fluids of phosphate-limited Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purified
      protein bound one molecule of phosphate per molecule of binding protein with an
      average Kd of 0.34 microM. Arsenate, pyrophosphate and polyphosphates up to 15
      units long could inhibit the binding of phosphate to the binding protein,
      although organic phosphates, such as glucose 6-phosphate, glycerol 3-phosphate
      and adenosine 5'-monophosphate could not. Mutants lacking the phosphate-binding
      protein were isolated and shown to be deficient in phosphate transport compared
      with wild-type cells. Two kinetically distinct systems for phosphate uptake could
      be observed in wild-type cells, with apparent Km values of 0.46 +/- 0.10 microM
      (high affinity) and 12.0 +/- 1.6 microM (low affinity). In contrast, only a
      single low-affinity transport system was observable in mutants lacking the
      binding protein (Km apparent = 19.3 +/- 1.4 microM Pi), suggesting the
      involvement of the binding protein in the inducible high-affinity phosphate
      uptake system of P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6436027
TI  - Chlorinated hydrocarbons in adipose tissue of infants and toddlers: inventory and
      studies on their association with intake of mothers' milk.
AB  - Chlorinated hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were
      determined in adipose tissue from 34 infants, 14 children in the 2nd year of
      life, and 2 older children. The highest mean concentration detected during the
      first 2 years of life was for PCBs (0.67 ppm), followed by DDT (0.57 ppm), HCB
      (0.23 ppm), and HCH (0.15 ppm). Concentrations of HCB and PCB, which are
      especially characteristic of highly industrialised countries, were considerably
      higher in children of German mothers than in those of Turkish mothers. All single
      investigated values were lower than the mean values for adults in the Federal
      Republic of Germany, but many were still higher than mean concentrations for
      adults in other parts of the world. A breakdown into children with high mothers'
      milk intake and those with low intake showed a highly significant association
      with the quantity of mothers' milk consumed: the concentration of organohalogens
      in adipose tissue of children with high intake was significantly higher than in
      those with low intake. Two tasks urgently demand our attention: the development
      of further ways to reduce environmental sources of organohalogen contamination
      and the study of the possible pathogenetic effect of these organohalogens on the
      health of our children.

PMID- 6436028
TI  - Attenuation by diltiazem of arterial baroreflex sensitivity in man.
AB  - The effect of oral diltiazem 120 mg, on the responses to baroreflex activation
      and deactivation by phenylephrine and nitroglycerin, respectively, were
      investigated in normotensive subjects, with simultaneous measurement of plasma
      catecholamine levels. Diltiazem significantly reduced the tachycardia induced by
      bolus injections of nitroglycerin and abolished the concomitant increase in
      plasma noradrenaline. It also significantly decreased the bradycardiac response
      to phenylephrine infusion. Diltiazem reduced, although not significantly so, the
      bradycardia induced by boluses of phenylephrine. The overall reduction in
      baroreflex sensitivity, which might contribute to the limited tachycardiac effect
      of diltiazem in man, is consistent with the drug-induced attenuation of the
      sympathetic and also of the parasympathetic components of the baroreceptor
      reflex.

PMID- 6436029
TI  - Effects of fenflumizole on aggregation ex vivo of human platelets and formation
      of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha.
AB  - Fenflumizole (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole), a new
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was given to healthy subjects in single
      oral doses of 0.1, 1 and 2 mg/kg. The effect of the drug was followed for up to 8
      h by repeated tests of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and was
      related to its concomitant plasma concentration. Fenflumizole reversibly
      inhibited platelet aggregation and the degree of inhibition was found to be
      linearly correlated with the log plasma concentration. There was depression of
      the formation of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable
      metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin) in clotted whole blood measured
      by radioimmunoassay after fenflumizole 1 mg/kg. This effect was directly related
      to the concentration of the drug in plasma, the maximum effect being reached at
      fenflumizole concentrations greater than 200 ng/ml. EC50-values for inhibition of
      the formation of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were
      approximately 20 and 40 ng/ml, respectively. The results suggest that orally
      administered fenflumizole is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and
      prostanoid formation.

PMID- 6436030
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the selective benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 in man.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the selective benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 has
      been studied in 6 healthy male volunteers following a single intravenous dose of
      2.5 mg. The drug was only slightly bound to plasma proteins (40 +/- 8%, mean +/-
      SD). A negligible amount (less than 0.2% of the dose) of unchanged drug was
      recovered in urine. Hepatic elimination was rapid, as shown by a short t1/2 of
      0.9 +/- 0.2 h, and high total plasma and blood clearances of 691 +/- 216 ml/min
      and 716 +/- 199 ml/min, respectively. The fast decline of plasma levels from
      about 60 to 2 ng/ml accounts for the short-lasting reversal of benzodiazepine
      induced sedation by Ro 15-1788.

PMID- 6436031
TI  - Inhibition of platelet function by a controlled release acetylsalicylic acid
      formulation--single and chronic dosing studies.
AB  - The extent to which a controlled release acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) formulation
      inhibited platelet function has been evaluated in single and chronic dosing
      studies. In the single dose study, the platelet inhibitory effect of the
      controlled release formulation was compared with that of an equivalent dose of
      soluble ASA and an equimolar dose of sodium salicylate (SA). In the chronic
      dosing study, ASA dose-response curves for platelet function, including
      cyclooxygenase activity, were determined for various doses (20-1300 mg) of the
      controlled release (enteric coated pellets) ASA formulation taken by volunteers
      daily for one week. Platelet function was assessed by the degree of inhibition of
      aggregation for several aggregating agents, and the degree of inhibition of
      activity of platelet cyclooxygenase quantified by the estimation of
      malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Plasma ASA and SA concentrations were also
      determined in each study. The controlled release product inhibited platelet
      function to the same extent as an equimolar dose of soluble ASA, but did so with
      much lower and sometimes undetectable peak systemic plasma ASA concentrations.
      SA, the direct metabolite of aspirin, did not have any effect on platelet
      function. The ASA dose-platelet function response curves obtained from chronic
      dosing with the controlled release formulation appeared to be similar to those
      reported previously for the soluble product. The inhibition of platelet function
      appeared to be unrelated to plasma ASA concentrations.

PMID- 6436032
TI  - Studies of the bioavailability of nitroglycerin from a transdermal therapeutic
      system (Nitroderm TTS).
AB  - In 6 healthy volunteers, intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin 4.8 and 10.6
      micrograms/min yielded mean steady-state plasma concentrations of 0.5 +/- 0.02
      and 0.82 +/- 0.04 ng/ml as determined by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric
      method. The plasma concentrations reached in the same subjects 17 h after
      application of Nitroderm TTS 5 and 10 with in vivo release rates of 3.7 and 5.7
      micrograms/min were 0.28 +/- 0.01 and 0.37 +/- 0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Thus,
      75% of the quantity of nitroglycerin released by the systems passed into the
      circulation. The inter-individual and intra-individual variations in plasma
      concentrations were similar for both modes of administration. The nitroglycerin
      induced morphological changes in the fingerpulse wave were clearly dose
      dependent, but it seems that this pharmacodynamic parameter is determined less by
      the plasma concentration than by the nitroglycerin content of the vascular wall.

PMID- 6436033
TI  - The effect of bupropion, a new antidepressant drug, and alcohol and their
      interaction in man.
AB  - The effects of bupropion and ethanol were examined alone and in combination in a
      placebo controlled, double-blind, crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers.
      Results were subjected to analysis of variance and differences of p less than
      0.05 taken as significant. In the main study using the Wilkinson auditory
      vigilance test, no active treatment or combination of treatments produced
      significant change compared with placebo. However, when compared with bupropion
      100 mg, vigilance was significantly impaired by 32 ml alcohol alone though not
      when combined with bupropion. No significant changes in reaction time or short
      term memory occurred. Visual analogue scales indicated that the subjects were
      mentally slower after alcohol 32 ml than after placebo. Combination of bupropion
      100 mg with alcohol 32 ml abolished this difference. A similar pattern occurred
      with group ratings indicating mental sedation. Subjects were clearly able to
      differentiate between the 16 ml and 32 ml doses of alcohol when assessing their
      degree of inebriation. Combination of bupropion with alcohol made no difference
      to the ratings of inebriation. The top dose of alcohol tended to increase energy
      in the low frequency EEG bands. Combination of the top alcohol dose with
      bupropion, however, produced a significant reversal with lowered energy in the 4
      7.5 Hz band. Combination of bupropion with alcohol failed to change the blood
      alcohol concentration achieved.

PMID- 6436034
TI  - Induced latent allotypes within rabbit anti-cross-reactive idiotype reagents.
      Direct immunoelectron microscopic evidence.
AB  - Immunization of rabbits with anti-VHa allotype antibody leads to the production
      of an "anti-cross-reactive idiotype (IdX)" reagent which appears to recognize a
      highly conserved IdX on anti-allotype antibodies. In many rabbits, a large
      percentage of this "anti-IdX" reagent does not express the nominal VHa framework
      allotype of the rabbit from which it was derived and is otherwise serologically
      indistinguishable from the original antigen, i.e. a1 or a2 allotype. To determine
      whether these anti-IdX molecules were in fact anti-IdX (or internal images) or
      were induced immunoglobulins bearing latent VHa allotypes, immunoelectron
      microscopic analysis of the molecules in complex with Fab anti-allotype antibody
      was conducted. The results show that the complexes do not resemble idiotype-anti
      idiotype interactions but are essentially indistinguishable from allotype-anti
      allotype complexes. We conclude that a major component of the "anti-idiotype"
      response of these anti-VHa-immunized rabbits is the production of Ig molecules
      bearing latent VHa allotypes.

PMID- 6436035
TI  - Secretion of a macrophage-activating factor distinct from interferon-gamma by
      human T cell clones.
AB  - Supernatants from clones of human T lymphocytes that were responding to a
      purified Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen were able to activate macrophages and
      macrophage-like myeloma cells (U937) to release increased amounts of the
      microbicidal agent hydrogen peroxide. The activity was not neutralized by
      monoclonal antibody against interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was greater than could
      be accounted for by the IFN-gamma activity in the supernatants, and was separated
      from IFN-gamma by high performance liquid chromatography. It is evident that IFN
      gamma is not the only macrophage activator released by T lymphocytes responding
      to microbial antigen, and may not even be the main one to enhance antimicrobial
      activity in infections such as tuberculosis.

PMID- 6436036
TI  - Protection of mice against the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes by
      recombinant immune interferon.
AB  - Immune interferon, available at high specific activity through recombinant DNA
      technology, is known to activate macrophages to intra- and extracellular
      cytotoxicity. We now report that murine recombinant IFN-gamma activates
      macrophages to cytotoxicity also when applied in vivo. Furthermore, recombinant
      IFN-gamma can protect mice in vivo against the intracellular bacterial pathogen
      Listeria monocytogenes in a local as well as in a systemic infection model. The
      role of T lymphocyte-produced lymphokines in acquired resistance to facultative
      intracellular pathogens and their possible involvement in novel immunotherapy are
      discussed.

PMID- 6436037
TI  - Quantification of in vivo spiperone binding in the rat striatum after lesions
      produced by kainate or decortication.
AB  - The potential of in vivo spiperone binding as a tool for the detection and
      quantitative analysis of striatal dopamine (DA) receptor alterations was studied
      in rat brain lesioned in several ways. Two weeks after kainate (KA) injection a
      significantly higher radioactivity accumulation was observed in the lesioned
      striatum than in the contralateral structure after a tracer dose of
      [3H]spiperone. The difference was maximal 2 days after surgery and it was present
      for at least 4 weeks while it was reversed 11 weeks after KA injection. The
      radioactivity uptake (tracer dose of [3H]spiperone) measured 2 weeks after
      surgery could be specifically prevented in both KA-lesioned and contralateral
      striatum by haloperidol and N-n-propylnorapomorphine while non-dopaminergic drugs
      were almost without effect. More than 80% of the radioactivity accumulation was
      saturable in both contralateral (unlesioned) and KA-lesioned striatum, leaving a
      slightly higher non-saturable radioactivity level in the latter. One week after
      unilateral ablation of the cerebral cortex overlying the striatum only minor
      bilateral differences in striatal radioactivity content were found after a tracer
      dose of [3H]spiperone. No differences were present after 6-OHDA lesion of the
      nigrostriatal pathway. Striatal DA receptor densities (Bmax) were determined from
      the dose-dependency of total striatal spiperone accumulation. This relationship
      was assessed using cerebellar spiperone accumulation instead of dose. Thus a Bmax
      of about 75 fmol X mg-1 tissue was found in the striatum of control (unoperated)
      rats and contralateral to the striatal KA lesion while 2 weeks after surgery it
      was approximately 33 fmol X mg-1 in the KA-lesioned striatum. One week after
      unilateral decortication Bmax values of about 50 and 65 fmol X mg-1 were found
      ipsi- and contralaterally to the lesion respectively.

PMID- 6436038
TI  - Low pharmacological responsiveness of the vertebro-basilar circulation in Macaca
      nemestrina monkeys.
AB  - We have examined the responsiveness of the vertebro-basilar circulation of the
      anesthetized Macaca nemestrina monkey to vasoactive agents infused directly into
      the artery. Infusion of noradrenaline caused a slight increase in vertebral
      arterial resistance. This constriction was less than that seen in previous
      experiments with either the internal or vertebral arterial resistance. This
      constriction was less than that seen in previous experiments with either the
      internal or external carotid arteries. In the presence of vasodilatation caused
      by inhalation of a CO2-rich gas mixture, this constriction became a dilatation.
      Serotonin was without significant effect on the vertebral arterial bed.
      Bradykinin, histamine and prostaglandin E1 all produced slight dilatation, with
      bradykinin being the most potent. In all cases the concentration required to
      produce an effect on the vasculature was much greater in the vertebral
      circulation than it is in the internal carotid and extracerebral circulations. We
      conclude that the intact vertebro-basilar circulation is much less sensitive to
      vasoactive agents than experiments with isolated segments of these arteries would
      indicate and that therefore these agents are unlikely to play a significant part
      in the pathogenesis of vertebro-basilar migraine.

PMID- 6436039
TI  - Antiepileptic action of the beta-carboline ZK 91296 in a genetic petit mal model
      in rats.
AB  - The anticonvulsant action of the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor partial agonist,
      ethyl 5-benzyloxy-4-methoxymethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (ZK 91296) was
      studied in rats of Wistar origin exhibiting spontaneous bilateral cortical
      synchronous spike and wave discharges with a symptomatology paralleling that of
      human petit mal seizures. ZK 91296 1-16 mg/kg i.p.) attenuated the absence
      seizures without inducing signs of sedation or disorganized EEG patterns at any
      dose. Diazepam (1-8 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed seizures but also induced sedation and
      modified EEG background activity in a dose-related manner.

PMID- 6436040
TI  - Augmented thromboxane generation by mesenteric arteries from pancreatectomized
      diabetic dogs is coincident with the vascular tone enhancement evoked by Na
      arachidonate and prostacyclin.
AB  - We studied the relationships between arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and
      contractile responses to Na arachidonate (NaA) and the prostaglandins (PGs) in
      mesenteric arteries isolated from sham-operated and totally pancreatectomized
      dogs. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha produced a similar dose-dependent relaxation of
      mesenteric arteries from normal and diabetic dogs. On the contrary, NaA and
      prostacyclin (PGI2) enhanced the resting basal tone of arteries from
      pancreatectomized animals but depressed it in arteries from intact normal control
      or from sham-operated groups. Inhibitors of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) biosynthesis
      abolished in vitro the vasoconstricting effect of NaA and PGI2 in diabetics
      whereas inhibitors of PGI2 biosynthesis blocked the vasodilating influence of NaA
      in normal mesenteric vessels. Additionally, antagonists of cyclooxygenase
      activity prevented both the vasoconstricting and the vasodilating actions of NaA
      in normal and in diabetic arteries, respectively, as well as the PGI2 tone
      enhancement in vessels from diabetics. In arteries from pancreatectomized animals
      treated with insulin, PGI2 induced a biphasic (constriction and relaxation)
      effect of a magnitude between that of effects seen in normal controls or sham
      operated and those in untreated diabetic animals. The basal radioconversion of
      exogenous [1-14C]AA, showed that mesenteric arteries from diabetic dogs generated
      more TXB2 than did vessels from intact normal control or sham-operated dogs.
      Moreover, in the presence of exogenous PGI2, the vascular production of TXB2 from
      AA in the diabetic group was significantly greater than that of preparations not
      exposed to PGI2. The % conversion of AA into PGI2 (assessed as 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha)
      was similar in normal controls, in sham-operated and in diabetic vessels. Insulin
      given in vivo abolished the greater basal conversion of AA into TBX2 by
      mesenteric arteries from diabetic dogs and significantly attenuated the enhanced
      prostacyclin-evoked generation of thromboxane. The present results strongly
      suggest that the abnormal constricting response evoked by NaA and PGI2 in
      mesenteric arteries from diabetic dogs could be related to the generation of TXA2
      by vessel walls.

PMID- 6436041
TI  - Characterization of convulsions induced by methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate in
      mice.
AB  - The convulsive properties of methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM) were
      evaluated in mice. When injected subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg beta-CCM
      induced convulsions in 75% of the mice with a median latency of 2.12 +/- 0.25
      min. The CD50 was determined to be about 5 mg/kg. Electroencephalographic
      recordings showed that convulsions were brief (10 s), of cortical origin and
      propagating rapidly to the hippocampus. EEG alterations induced by low doses of
      beta-CCM lasted up to 1 h. The convulsive effect of beta-CCM was compared to that
      of PTZ. PTZ-induced convulsions occurred with a longer latency (9.26 +/- 1.33
      min). beta-CCM and PTZ could act synergistically when injected in non-convulsive
      doses. When beta-CCM was injected 2-30 min before pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) there
      was a clear potentiation of the convulsive effect of PTZ. The convulsions induced
      by beta-CCM were blocked by diazepam (DZ) and by Ro 15-1788. In addition, beta
      CCM reversed the sedative effect of a high dose of DZ for more than 30 min. Our
      results confirm that beta-CCM acts through the BZ receptor and indicate that the
      effects induced by a single dose of beta-CCM last more than 30 min.

PMID- 6436042
TI  - Differential effects of pure human alpha and gamma interferons on fibroblast cell
      growth and the cell cycle.
AB  - Pure human alpha and recombinant gamma interferons had differential effects on
      two strains of fetal lung fibroblasts in vitro. Alpha interferon had little
      effect on long-term cell growth, whereas gamma interferons, both glycosylated and
      non-glycosylated, were cytotoxic. However, when synchronized cells were studied,
      alpha interferon prolonged both G1 and S + G2 phases of the cell cycle, whereas
      gamma interferon only affected the G1 phase.

PMID- 6436043
TI  - Sperm binding to eggs of Ciona intestinalis. Role of Ca2+.
AB  - In this paper we show that in the ascidia Ciona intestinalis extracellular Ca2+
      is required for the binding of the spermatozoa to the vitelline coat (VC)
      glycerol-treated eggs and for fertilization to occur. Divalent cations, Mg2+ and
      Mn2+, cannot replace Ca2+. Once bound, the spermatozoa cannot be detached from
      the vitelline coat by adding of EGTA. Verapamil does not interfere with the
      binding of spermatozoa to the vitelline coat, whereas it blocks the Ca2+
      ionophore A23187-induced sperm activation and acrosome reaction. Fertilization
      too was inhibited by the presence of this drug.

PMID- 6436044
TI  - Effect of inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway on mouse myoblast fusion.
AB  - In this study we examined the effects of inhibitors of the lipoxygenase and
      cyclooxygenase pathways on mouse myoblast fusion. The fusion of cloned mouse
      myoblasts was markedly inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, when cells were
      cultured in medium supplemented with either phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidione)
      or BW755c (3-amino-1-(3-tri-fluoromethylphenyl)-2-pyrazoline), drugs which have
      been reported to inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase activities. Fusion was
      also inhibited when these cells were cultured in medium supplemented with
      esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) which has been reported to inhibit lipoxygenase
      activity. Removal of the above inhibitors resulted in a return to control levels
      of fusion. Fusion was not demonstrably inhibited with aspirin (acetylsalicylic
      acid) and only inhibited to a minor extent with indomethacin (1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)
      5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid); both of these drugs are inhibitors of
      cyclo-exygenase activity.

PMID- 6436045
TI  - Epidemiology of gonorrhea: current perspectives.
AB  - Once considered a public nuisance of the developed countries, gonorrhea is now
      established as a leading worldwide public health problem. The rapid increase in
      reported disease in many developed countries noted in the 1960s and 1970s has
      been followed by stable or declining disease rates. This may reflect improved
      gonorrhea control programs or changes in sexual behavior. The assault on the
      developed countries by imported antibiotic-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae
      has increased, however, indicating the need for intensive control programs. New
      methods of identifying strains of gonococci have allowed investigation of the
      distribution and patterns of transmission of gonorrhea. Future studies using
      these methods will provide valuable knowledge of the ecology and epidemiology of
      gonorrhea. Within the developing countries, gonorrhea caused by resistant strains
      of N. gonorrhoeae has become hyperendemic. The current decreases of gonorrhea
      incidence in the developed countries may not be maintained unless some success is
      attained in the control of gonorrhea in developing countries.

PMID- 6436046
TI  - Modulation of the expression of HLA-DR (Ia) antigens and the proliferation of
      human erythroid (BFU-E) and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells by
      prostaglandin E.
AB  - The relationship between the presence of Ia-like antigens on human CFU-GEMM and
      BFU-E, and their responsiveness to the regulatory effects of AIF and PGE have
      been studied using normal human bone marrow cells. In primary methylcellulose
      culture the addition of 10(-6)-10(-9) M PGE1 results in the enhancement of the
      total number of BFU-E detected, with no observed effect on the number of CFU
      GEMM. Addition of acidic isoferritins to primary cultures results in an
      approximately 50% inhibition of both BFU-E and CFU-GEMM proliferation. Removal of
      Ia+ cells by cytotoxic treatment with monoclonal antihuman HLA-DR (Ia) antibody
      plus C' resulted in: (a) reduction of total CFU-GEMM and BFU-E by approximately
      50%, (b) abrogation of the enhancing effect of PGE on BFU-E, and (c) detection of
      populations of CFU-GEMM and BFU-E that are no longer sensitive to inhibition by
      AIF. Culture of marrow cells in suspension culture at 37 degrees C for 24 h prior
      to methylcellulose culture resulted in the loss of detectable Ia antigen on BFU-E
      and CFU-GEMM, loss of their responsiveness to AIF, loss of the enhancing effect
      of PGE on BFU-E, and the inability to detect cycling cells. Exposure of marrow
      cells to PGE, however, during the suspension phase augmented the total number of
      BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM detected and resulted in the detection of S-phase cells,
      expression of Ia antigens of both BFU-E and CFU-GEMM, and restoration of the
      ability to detect BFU-E and CFU-GEMM sensitivity to inhibition by AIF. After
      suspension culture with PGE, no further enhancement of BFU-E by PGE was observed.
      These results indicate that the expression of Ia antigens is important in the
      regulation of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM proliferation and add further evidence for a
      role for PGE in controlling progenitor cell Ia-antigen expression, cell cycle
      and, as a consequence, their proliferative capacity.

PMID- 6436047
TI  - Transcutaneous CO2 monitoring and disordered breathing during sleep.
AB  - A new device for non-invasive monitoring of PCO2, the Hewlett Packard cutaneous
      capnometer, was studied. Seven patients with disordered breathing, three with
      sleep apnoea syndrome, and four with chronic respiratory insufficiency, underwent
      polygraphic sleep recording including non-invasive measurement of oxygen
      saturation and transcutaneous CO2 pressure (PtcCO2). Two of the apnoea patients
      showed a modest increase in PtcCO2 with sleep. The patients with respiratory
      insufficiency showed larger increase in PtcCO2 and more profound hypoxemia during
      sleep. When the patients with respiratory insufficiency received oxygen (0.3-0.5
      l/min) via nasal prongs, the sleep induced hypoxemia almost vanished but their
      PtcoCO2 increased. Nocturnal hypoventilation probably increased the effectiveness
      of the low oxygen supply, thus counteracting hypoxemia during periods of
      hypoventilation. The capnometer was easy to apply and the patients felt no
      discomfort. It promises to be a useful method for detection of hypercapnia
      indicating hypoventilation in patients with disordered breathing.

PMID- 6436048
TI  - Action of suriclone in naturally and allyglycine-induced photosensitive baboons,
      Papio papio.
AB  - Suriclone (SC) is a new anxiolytic compound with a chemical structure different
      from that of benzodiazepines (BZD) but SC possesses a high affinity for the so
      called BZD receptors. SC was tested in the naturally or the allylglycine-treated
      photosensitive baboon Papio papio. As active BZD administered by the
      intramuscular or oral route, this new compound possesses a marked protective
      effect against the excessive photosensitivity of the baboons, it blocks myoclonus
      following EEG spike and waves discharges induced by intermittent light
      stimulation; as BZD again, SC can induce spontaneous myoclonus not accompanied by
      EEG spike and wave discharges.

PMID- 6436049
TI  - Neurotoxic effects of endogenous materials: quinolinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid,
      and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH).
AB  - The previously reported, dose-related, and selective neurotoxic action of 100 to
      200 nmol quinolinic acid on intrastriatal injection was confirmed. A slight
      neurotoxicity was obtained with 250 nmol thyroid releasing hormone but not with a
      similar dose of L-pyroglutamic acid.

PMID- 6436050
TI  - Cytosolic free Ca2+ in insulin secreting cells and its regulation by isolated
      organelles.
AB  - The role of Ca2+ in secretagogue-induced insulin release is documented not only
      by the measurements of 45Ca fluxes in pancreatic islets, but also, by direct
      monitoring of cytosolic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i. As demonstrated, using the
      fluorescent indicator quin 2, glyceraldehyde, carbamylcholine and alanine raise
      [Ca2+]i in the insulin secreting cell line RINm5F, whereas glucose has a similar
      effect in pancreatic islet cells. The regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis by
      organelles from a rat insulinoma, was investigated with a Ca2+ selective
      electrode. The results suggest that both the endoplasmic reticulum and the
      mitochondria participate in this regulation, albeit at different Ca2+
      concentrations. By contrast, the secretory granules do not appear to be involved
      in the short-term regulation of [Ca2+]i. Evidence is presented that inositol
      1,4,5-trisphosphate, which is shown to mobilize Ca2+ from the endoplasmic
      reticulum, is acting as an intracellular mediator in the stimulation of insulin
      release.

PMID- 6436051
TI  - Phospholipid metabolism in pancreatic islets.

PMID- 6436052
TI  - Interaction of sulfonylurea with the pancreatic B-cell.

PMID- 6436053
TI  - Rapid characterization and partial purification of various animal amine oxidases.
AB  - The use of chromatofocusing to obtain a rapid characterization of tissue amine
      oxidases from various mammals is proposed. This technique yields partially
      purified enzymes well suited for immunological studies. Chromatofocusing can be
      also used in a three-step purification of pig kidney diamine oxidase.

PMID- 6436054
TI  - Glutamine homeostasis: role of pCO2 in regulating arterial glutamine in metabolic
      acidosis.
AB  - In chronic metabolic acidosis arterial plasma glutamine concentration is reduced
      46%. This effect is attributable to a reduction in arterial pCO2 rather than
      acidemia since elevating pCO2 returns glutamine toward the control level. The
      extracellular glutamine precursors ammonia and glutamate exhibit a reciprocal
      decline with the elevation in pCO2. This reduction in metabolic acidosis appears
      to play an important role in sparing glutamine for renal base generation.

PMID- 6436055
TI  - The amino acid sequence of a small DNA binding protein from the archaebacterium
      Sulfolobus solfataricus.
AB  - The thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus possesses several
      DNA binding proteins which may have a histone-like function. Two particularly
      dominant species have molecular masses of 7 and 10 kDa, respectively. We have
      purified one of the small proteins which occurs in relatively large amount and
      have determined its amino acid sequence. The protein is characterized by a high
      lysine content; in the N-terminal region the lysine residues occur in an
      alternating order: X-K-X-K-X-K-X-K. The amino acid sequence does not indicate any
      obvious homology to those DNA binding proteins whose sequences have been
      determined.

PMID- 6436056
TI  - Evidence for a two-step process in prostaglandin secretion. Intracellular
      accumulation of prostacyclin precedes its release from human endothelial cells in
      culture.
AB  - Cultured endothelial cells (EC) from human umbilical vein were incubated with [U
      14C]arachidonic acid (AA) followed by a challenge with thrombin (2 units/ml) or
      calcium ionophore A23187 (5 microM) for 0.5-10 min at 37 degrees C. In both
      cases, AA was rapidly liberated from phospholipids and converted into
      prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), as determined by the radioactivity of the stable
      derivative 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Maximal liberation of AA and synthesis of PGI2 were
      achieved within 2 min, but the two compounds first accumulated in EC prior to
      their release into supernatants. This finding, which was never reported before,
      raises the question of the mechanism of AA and PG release through the cell
      membranes and offers a convenient model to investigate this still obscure
      process.

PMID- 6436057
TI  - Platelet-activating factor stimulates phospholipase in quiescent Swiss mouse 3T3
      fibroblast.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor(PAF) induced the rapid hydrolysis of phospholipids in
      Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid or [3H]choline.
      Up to 23% of the [3H]arachidonic acid incorporated in phospholipids was released
      into the medium when PAF was added to cells. We also observed increases of
      diacylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine in the medium and cells after the
      addition of PAF. These results support the possibility that platelet-activating
      factor stimulates phospholipase A2 and C activities in 3T3 cells.

PMID- 6436058
TI  - Inositol trisphosphate activates pyruvate dehydrogenase in isolated fat cells.
AB  - Inositol trisphosphate, when added to permeabilized rat fat cells, led to a
      several-fold increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity due to conversion of the
      inactive phospho form (PDHb) to the active, dephospho form (PDHa). It is
      suggested that inositol trisphosphate, probably through intracellular Ca2+
      mobilisation, acts as a physiological mediator of insulin for activation of the
      mitochondrial PDH-complex.

PMID- 6436059
TI  - Light-induced binding of 48-kDa protein to photoreceptor membranes is highly
      enhanced by phosphorylation of rhodopsin.
AB  - The 48-kDa protein, a major protein of rod photoreceptor cells, is soluble in the
      dark but associates with the disk membranes when some (5-10%) of their rhodopsin
      has absorbed light and if this rhodopsin is additionally phosphorylated by ATP
      and rhodopsin kinase. If rhodopsin has been phosphorylated and regenerated prior
      to the protein binding experiment, the binding of 48-kDa protein depends on light
      but no longer on the presence of ATP. Another photoreceptor protein, GTP-binding
      protein, associates with both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated rhodopsin upon
      illumination. Excess GTP-binding protein thereby displaces 48-kDa protein from
      phosphorylated disks; this indicates competition between these two proteins for
      binding sites on illuminated phosphorylated rhodopsin molecules.

PMID- 6436060
TI  - Monitoring techniques for improved pregnancy rates during clomiphene ovulation
      induction.
AB  - Despite the introduction of new ovulation-inducing agents, CC remains the drug of
      choice for most anovulatory patients. Before initiating therapy, patients should
      be evaluated to determine the cause of anovulation. Patients with ovarian
      failure, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, or forms of CAH should be treated
      with the appropriate replacement therapy. Evaluation of male factor and tubal
      patency should be obtained. Once CC therapy is initiated, careful monitoring
      should be continued. Confirmation of ovulation by endometrial biopsy or serum P
      levels is essential. CC doses should be increased monthly until normal luteal
      function is demonstrated. If the patient does not conceive in three ovulatory
      cycles, her treatment should be further evaluated by postcoital testing, repeat
      serum P measurement, and review of her endocrine findings. Patients with poor
      cervical mucus may benefit from midcycle estrogen. Patients with elevated T may
      benefit from prednisone suppressive therapy. Patients with abnormal HSGs should
      have laparoscopy and surgical correction if feasible. After six ovulatory cycles
      without conception, all patients should undergo laparoscopy. If laparoscopy is
      normal, therapy can be continued for a total of 10 to 12 cycles. Patients with
      reduced fecundability (male factor, minimal endometriosis, or minimal tubal
      adhesions) may require a longer time to conceive.

PMID- 6436061
TI  - Endocrine profiles in tamoxifen-induced conception cycles.
AB  - Twenty-five infertile women conceived while taking tamoxifen (TMX). Daily serum
      profiles of 5 of the 25 TMX-induced conception cycles were elucidated and
      compared with those found in 5 normal cycles. In spite of lower levels of
      follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during the follicular
      phases, estradiol concentrations were higher in the TMX-induced conception
      cycles. It is suggested that this may be due to a direct ovarian effect of TMX as
      one of its major mechanisms in the course of folliculogenesis. On the other hand,
      progesterone concentrations on days 6 and 7 during the luteal phases were also
      higher in the TMX-induced conception cycles. It is suggested that this may be due
      to a luteotropic influence at the blastocyst stage.

PMID- 6436062
TI  - Dissociation of serum prolactin response to sequential thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone and chlorpromazine stimulation in patients with primary empty sella
      syndrome.
AB  - The presence of galactorrhea and/or hyperprolactinemia in patients with the
      primary empty sella syndrome (PESS) has been proposed to be of hypothalamic
      etiology. To further elucidate this possible mechanism, sequential testing of 19
      subjects with PESS with 500 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH),
      followed by the injection of 0.7 mg/kg chlorpromazine (CPZ) 150 minutes later,
      was compared with results obtained in 6 patients with idiopathic galactorrhea
      (IG) and 3 normal adult women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual
      cycle. The thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin (PRL) response to TRH was
      similar in all three groups. The mean maximal increase of serum PRL following
      CPZ, however, was 16.1 +/- 18.5 ng/ml (standard deviation) in the PESS group,
      whereas the mean maximal PRL response was 68.6 +/- 40.9 ng/ml in subjects with IG
      and 67.7 +/- 48.1 ng/ml in the seven normal women. The impaired responsiveness of
      CPZ in the PESS group was significant (P less than 0.05) when compared with the
      normal CPZ response in the other two groups. The results of this study suggest
      that patients with PESS may have hypothalamic dysfunction, and that sequential
      testing of subjects with TRH and CPZ may be of value in differentiating patients
      with PESS from those with IG.

PMID- 6436063
TI  - Stimulatory effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone upon
      secretion of progesterone and inhibin activity by cultured infant human ovarian
      granulosa cells.
AB  - Ovarian tissue obtained from three human infants (60, 120, and 210 days of age)
      was separated into cell types and cultured. Granulosa cells from two of three
      subjects were viable and grew in culture. The cells had the potential to secrete
      low levels of progesterone and responded to luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone added in culture with greatly enhanced ability to secrete
      progesterone. Granulosa cells could also secrete inhibin activity in culture and
      responded to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with enhanced
      inhibin secretion. The granulosa cells also had the potential to secrete estrogen
      in the presence of testosterone. Serum levels of gonadotropin in the human infant
      are elevated for a period between 1 and 4 months; yet only follicular growth, not
      luteinization, occurs. It can be concluded that infant human granulosa cells,
      like adult human granulosa cells, have the potential of responding in vitro to
      gonadotropin.

PMID- 6436064
TI  - Isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency in men: successful long-term
      gonadotropin therapy.
AB  - Two men with primary infertility after 6 to 11 years of marriage were found to
      have isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency syndrome (IFDS). Their
      endogenous gonadotropin secretion was compared with that of two other infertile
      men with hypothalamic disease (Kallmann's syndrome) and pituitary tumor with
      hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with intramuscular gonadotropin was given to
      produce circulating and 24-hour urine levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone at or above the upper limit of the normal male range to
      ensure continued gonadal stimulation. Sperm counts increased in IFDS men within 6
      to 26 weeks, with maximum total sperm counts of 33.5 and 20 million after 9 to 80
      weeks. Pregnancy occurred after 20 weeks' therapy in one patient's wife with the
      subsequent delivery of a normal male infant. IFDS may be a treatable cause of
      male infertility given adequate gonadotropin therapy.

PMID- 6436065
TI  - Regression of leiomyomata uteri following hypoestrogenism induced by repetitive
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment: preliminary report.

PMID- 6436066
TI  - Weight loss is associated with correction of gonadotropin and sex steroid
      abnormalities in the obese anovulatory female.

PMID- 6436067
TI  - A unique case of Sertoli cell only syndrome with normal gonadotropins.
AB  - A 23-year-old male presented with primary infertility, normal male phenotype, and
      azoospermia. He had normal basal T, FSH, and LH levels and responded normally to
      clomiphene citrate stimulation. He also had normal androgen receptors in cultured
      pubic skin fibroblasts. A testis biopsy showed only Sertoli cells and no evidence
      of seminiferous tubule damage, lacking the fibrosis or Leydig cell hyperplasia
      usually seen in SCOS. This case of SCOS, combined with those previously reported,
      suggests that the etiology of SCOS is heterogeneous, with a single common end
      point, or that it is a single process that has been studied at different
      developmental stages by different investigators.

PMID- 6436068
TI  - The prolactin-releasing mechanism of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in pregnancy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the prolactin (PRL)-releasing
      mechanism of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in pregnancy. Forty-six gravidas in
      the first and second trimesters received bromocriptine (BRC), 2.5 mg orally,
      metoclopramide (MCP), 10 mg intravenously, or thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH), 500 micrograms intravenously. Additionally, BRC was given orally to
      another 42 gravidas 60 minutes prior to the intravenous injection of MCP or TRH.
      The plasma PRL levels decreased significantly after BRC and remained
      significantly elevated after MCP or TRH administration. However, there were no
      significant differences of PRL response to these agents between the first- and
      second-trimester groups. The PRL release from the pituitary by MCP or TRH was
      suppressed significantly by pretreatment of BRC in the gravidas. We concluded
      that the control mechanism of PRL secretion remained unchanged in the first and
      second trimesters.

PMID- 6436069
TI  - The effect of different methods of ovarian stimulation for human in vitro
      fertilization and embryo replacement.
AB  - Many types of medication regimens have been used to produce ovarian stimulation
      for in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement. However, few comparative
      studies have been reported. In this investigation, 105 patients were given either
      clomiphene citrate alone, human menopausal gonadotropins alone, or a combination
      of these drugs; and the resulting number of oocytes collected, embryos produced,
      and pregnancies initiated are reported. The data demonstrate optimal follicle
      development and fertilization rates with combinations of drugs, rather than the
      use of a single agent. Further studies are needed to determine whether there is a
      statistically significant difference in pregnancy rates between groups.

PMID- 6436070
TI  - Testicular histology following chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
      treatment.
AB  - The histologic appearance of the testes of men exposed to chronic gonadotropin
      releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) therapy has not been previously documented.
      Herein, we report on the histologic features of the testes of four patients with
      disseminated prostatic carcinoma who received at least 1 year of daily treatment
      with (D-Leu6, des-Gly-NH2(10), proethylamide9)-GnRH (leuprolide, Abbott
      Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) for their disease, and subsequently underwent
      bilateral orchiectomy. In marked contrast to the testes from five control
      patients, the testes of these agonist-treated patients demonstrated absence of
      spermatogenesis, Leydig cell hypoplasia, and Leydig cell inactivity. These data
      provide direct histologic evidence that the chronic administration of GnRH
      agonists may be suitable as a potential male contraceptive.

PMID- 6436071
TI  - Genital tract examinations and zona-free hamster egg penetration tests from men
      exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Because most men with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) are still
      young and have not attempted to father children, its reproductive effects are
      uncertain. In a previous pilot study, we had noted an association between in
      utero DES exposure and reduced penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by sperm. To
      test these findings in a controlled manner, we performed physical examinations on
      51 men with in utero DES exposure and 29 unexposed men and evaluated the
      penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by their sperm. Epididymal cysts or
      abnormalities of the prostate, testicle, or penile meatus were present in 37% of
      men with in utero DES exposure, versus 4% of nonexposed men (P less than 0.001).
      The mean proportions of penetrated eggs were 25% after in utero DES exposure and
      29% in the nonexposed group (P greater than 0.57). The genital abnormalities
      related to DES exposure were not related to reduced egg penetration. We conclude
      that in utero exposure to DES is not related to a significant change in the
      penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by sperm.

PMID- 6436072
TI  - Refractoriness to gonadotropin therapy: how to distinguish ovarian failure versus
      pseudoovarian resistance caused by neutralizing antibodies.
AB  - Ovarian resistance to exogenously administered gonadotropins and elevated serum
      gonadotropins, especially follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are considered
      virtually diagnostic of ovarian failure. However, similar clinical findings can
      be caused by circulating antibodies to gonadotropins which can neutralize the
      biologic activity of exogenously administered gonadotropins and can also cause
      falsely high gonadotropin determinations by routine double-antibody
      radioimmunoassay (RIA). We have used a primate model with anti-FSH antibodies to
      demonstrate that an acute course of combined estrogen-progestin therapy will
      suppress the pituitary secretion of FSH, which is markedly elevated in ovarian
      failure, while the false FSH elevations caused by circulating anti-FSH antibodies
      are not reduced by steroid negative feedback. Thus, gonadotropin (RIA)
      determinations before versus during an acute course of estrogen and progesterone
      therapy can distinguish true ovarian failure from the presence of circulating
      anti-gonadotropin antibodies.

PMID- 6436073
TI  - Follicle-stimulating hormone increases ovarian vein nonsteroidal factors with
      gonadotropin-inhibiting activity.
AB  - Normally cycling monkeys were treated with 50 IU/day of "pure" follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) on days 1 through 11 of the menstrual cycle. Ovarian
      venous serum (OVS) was collected on day 10; then all right ovarian follicles were
      aspirated. On day 11, OVS was collected again. Gonadotropin-inhibiting activity
      was determined in each sample by measuring the suppression of gonadotropin
      secretion by rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. OVS obtained on day 10
      suppressed basal FSH secretion by approximately 45% and luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion by approximately 50%
      (P less than 0.05, versus castrate serum). On day 11, OVS from the left ovary
      continued to suppress gonadotropin secretion, whereas OVS from the right ovary
      demonstrated significantly less gonadotropin-inhibiting activity. These findings
      demonstrate that exogenous FSH increases OVS concentrations of a nonsteroidal
      ovarian factor(s) with gonadotropin-inhibiting activity.

PMID- 6436074
TI  - Successful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - We have started an in vitro fertilization program in cynomolgus monkeys in an
      effort to develop an appropriate animal model to improve our knowledge of early
      embryonic development. In 16 of 25 animals treated with menopausal gonadotropins,
      preovulatory follicles developed. Follicular aspiration was performed at
      laparotomy after human chorionic gonadotropin injection. A total of 299 follicles
      were aspirated, and 251 oocytes were recovered. Oocytes were cultured in 1 ml of
      growth medium or 100 microliter droplets of medium under mineral oil. Semen
      samples were obtained by electroejaculation, and the oocytes were inseminated 4
      to 24 hours after aspiration. Culture under mineral oil significantly increased
      the fertilization and cleavage rates. Of 68 embryos produced, 24 have been used
      in 10 embryo transfers, resulting in two pregnancies.

PMID- 6436075
TI  - Atypical biochemical findings in Turner's syndrome: identification of a possible
      subset.
AB  - Two patients with Turner's syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and partial
      intrasellar arachnoidocele (empty sella) are described. Both patients had low
      basal and LH-RH-stimulated gonadotropin release and moderately exaggerated TSH
      and PRL response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and TRH. Such findings are
      typical of a disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. In our patients,
      these findings could be due to the presence of the intrasellar arachnoidocele or
      might represent a loss of the central dopaminergic tone possibly as the
      consequence of an autoimmune process. It remains to be established whether the
      frequency of intrasellar arachnoidocele and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients
      with Turner's syndrome justifies classification of the condition of these
      patients as a distinct subtype.

PMID- 6436076
TI  - Asynchronous ovulation in human menopausal gonadotropin induction of ovulation
      for in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 6436077
TI  - [Structural and functional organization of paroxysmal and stable pathological
      states].
AB  - Investigation of structure--functional organization of paroxysmal and persistent
      emotional--mnestic disturbances was performed by means of infraslow physiological
      processes recorded from different brain structures in epileptic patients. The
      characteristic features of organization of different brain structures are
      revealed during generalized paroxysms and systemic emotional--mnestic
      disturbances. The properties of versatile ("flexible") and rigid links of the
      systems responsible for the formation of pathological states are described. The
      important role played by local and general inhibitory control in mechanisms
      limiting the spread of pathological excitation within the brain, is demonstrated.

PMID- 6436078
TI  - [The response of ovarian function to HMG-HCG and bromocriptine therapies in
      hyperprolactinemic patients].
AB  - Plasma hormonal changes were analysed in patients with hyperprolactinemia who
      conceived following Bromocriptine therapy. Following the administration of HMG
      HCG and Bromocriptine, serial plasma samples were collected from the cases.
      Plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17
      hydroxyprogesterone (17-P), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-P),
      progesterone (P) were determined simultaneously using specific radioimmunoassays.
      Pretreatment PRL levels, 180--420 ng/ml, were normalized by 7.5--12.5 mg/day of
      Bromocriptine treatment causing a rapid decrease in plasma PRL, reaching a
      plateau within several days. The first LH surge at midcycle after the start of
      the Bromocriptine treatment was established at 10--50 days. In the patients the
      first mid-cycle LH surge was observed, but the luteal phase was definitely short,
      as demonstrated by plasma progestins levels. The results from the present
      longitudinal studies on hyperprolactinemia revealed characteristic changes
      accompanied by the restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function
      during the treatment period.

PMID- 6436079
TI  - [Longitudinal studies on gonadotropin levels in patients with Turner's syndrome
      and patients with prepubertal castration].
AB  - Basal and LH-RH induced plasma FSH and LH levels were determined longitudinally
      in 41 patients aged 4 to 22 years with Turner's syndrome and in 4 male patients
      with prepubertal castration. In 12 patients with Turner's syndrome over 18 yrs of
      age without pubertal change, basal and LH-RH induced FSH levels studied at age 11
      -22 yrs were all significantly increased over normal levels. However, some of
      these patients had normal basal and LH-RH induced LH levels. In 5 patients with
      mosaic Turner's syndrome with spontaneous puberty, basal and LH-RH induced FSH
      and LH levels studied at age 6--12 yrs were always within the normal range for
      age-matched controls. In 10 patients studied at age 11--18 yrs, basal and LH-RH
      induced FSH levels were also strikingly increased over normal levels except for
      one patient. This patient had normal basal FSH and LH levels and serum estradiol
      level was increased from 49 to 199 pg/ml after HMG test. In 14 patients aged 4-
      10 years, nine patients had elevated basal FSH levels and abnormally high
      responses to LH-RH. The remaining 5 patients had normal basal FSH levels, and 3
      of them also had normal FSH responses to LH-RH. The data on the 5 patients
      studied again at the age of greater than 13 yrs rose to high levels in adult
      castrated ranges. In 24 patients aged 4 to 17 years, 23 patients were thought to
      have no ovarian function, and one was thought to have spontaneous puberty. In 4
      male patients with prepubertal castration, basal and LH-RH induced FSH levels
      were increased over normal levels after 11 yrs of age. However, basal LH levels
      in some patients were within the normal range for age-matched controls after 12
      yrs of age. From these results, we conclude that basal and LH-RH induced FSH
      levels may provide definitive evidence of absent ovaries or testes in patients
      over 11 yrs of age with primary hypogonadism.

PMID- 6436080
TI  - Metabolic alkalosis in diabetic ketosis: a case report.
AB  - A mixed metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis, resulting in an alkalemic
      state, occurred in a hyperlipemic patient with previously diagnosed non insulin
      dependent diabetes. The metabolic alkalosis, due to large loss of gastric HCl,
      was more severe than the diabetic acidosis and resulted in an alkaline blood pH.
      Initially the metabolic acidosis was due to ketoacidosis and coexistent lactic
      acidosis. During the improvement of the alkalemic and hyperglycemic state, lactic
      acidosis disappeared but a paradoxical rise of plasma NEFA and ketone body
      concentrations supervened so that the high anion gap metabolic acidosis was
      virtually unchanged. The rise of plasma NEFA was probably related to the marked
      removal of plasma triglycerides, by insulin activation of lipoprotein lipase, and
      consequent saturation of the pathways of fatty acid incorporation into adipose
      tissue.

PMID- 6436081
TI  - Correlation between transcutaneous pCO2 and the corresponding values of fetal
      blood--a study at a measuring temperature of 39 degrees C.
AB  - Continuous transcutaneous monitoring of fetal carbon dioxide partial pressure
      (tcpCO2) may become an important new method for investigating the physiology and
      pathophysiology of the fetus during labor, as well as an additional tool for
      fetal surveillance. In order to contribute to the standardization of this newly
      developed method, we measured tcpCO2 during labor in 105 fetuses. We then
      compared the transcutaneous pCO2 with the pCO2 of fetal blood gas analysis; the
      correlation between these two parameters was significant. The relationship
      between transcutaneous pCO2 and the pH from fetal scalp blood is described, as is
      the influence of the stage of labor on the correlation between transcutaneous
      monitoring and blood samples. tcpCO2 during labor appears to be a helpful
      additional tool, especially in fetuses with pathologic heart rate patterns in
      whom multiple fetal blood gas analysis would otherwise be necessary.

PMID- 6436082
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer of rabbit oocytes collected at
      different times after P-LH injection.
AB  - No difficulties were encountered in the collection of preovulatory oocytes from
      the follicles of rabbits. A mean of 11.7 ova were recovered by follicle puncture.
      In vitro fertilization of the preovulatory oocytes was influenced by their stage
      of maturation. The highest fertilization rate (83%) was obtained using oocytes
      collected 9 h after injection of P-LH shortly before ovulation. Only after
      pretreatment with FSH-P was it possible to fertilize some preovulatory oocytes
      without administration of P-LH. In vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes
      developed in culture. After 4-5 days 47-64% reached the blastocyst stage; the
      corresponding rate for in vivo fertilized oocytes was 48%. After transfer of in
      vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes 19-28% implantations were achieved.

PMID- 6436083
TI  - Influence of prolonged life span on receptor 'memory' in a unicellular organism,
      Tetrahymena.
AB  - The first interaction of the Tetrahymena with a hormone-like molecule-diiodo
      tyrosine (T2) in the present study - gives rise to hormonal imprinting, the
      effect of which is being preserved by receptor 'memory' over as many as 500
      generations. The first interaction with the hormone modifies the growth potential
      of the cell also without reexposure. In the present study, we followed up the
      fate of receptor 'memory' in Tetrahymena cells maintained without exchange of
      medium, and thereby inhibited in division, over the period of a year. The cells
      continued to display increased responsiveness - receptor 'memory' - over the
      first 3 months which normally cover the change of 500 generations, and to a
      lesser degree over the next 3 months (after 6 months) as well, but they showed
      loss of 'memory' after 9 and 12 months, as judged from the similarity of their
      growth response to the control. At 9 months, the cells were able to recover their
      original growth potential within 4 days of return to normal medium, but the
      'memory' of the behavioral (growth response) modification induced by T2 returned,
      in a not fully convincing form, only after 48 days. Receptor 'memory' returned in
      21 days. It follows that receptor 'memory' can equally persist by cell-cell
      transmission or within the same nondividing cell of extremely prolonged life
      span. Evidence has also been presented that loss of receptor 'memory' with ageing
      is only virtual, because it can be reactivated if the aged cells are
      'rejuvenated' under appropriate conditions.

PMID- 6436084
TI  - Effects of calcium on cholinergic-stimulated gastrin release in the rat.
AB  - The effects of alterations in availability and access of extracellular media
      calcium on antral gastrin release were examined in the basal state and in
      response to cholinergic stimulation in rat antral organ culture experiments. In
      the presence of either divalent cationic chelator (EGTA) or calcium channel
      blocker (verapamil, nifedipine), carbachol-stimulated gastrin release was
      inhibited completely to values that were not significantly different from non
      stimulated control. In the absence of added calcium chloride, carbachol
      stimulated gastrin release during the initial 30 min of culture but not at 69 and
      120 min of culture. Inhibition by EGTA and verapamil of carbachol-stimulated
      gastrin release during the initial 30 min of culture suggests, but does not
      prove, that these agents may also effect intracellular availability and movement
      of calcium. Cholinergic stimulation of gastrin release demonstrated a
      concentration-dependent relationship with extracellular calcium: optimal culture
      media calcium concentration was 1 mM. In conclusion, these studies indicate that
      cholinergic stimulation of the gastrin cell requires availability of
      extracellular calcium.

PMID- 6436085
TI  - Genetic analysis of transdetermination in Drosophila. I. The effects of varying
      growth parameters using a temperature-sensitive mutation.
AB  - The heat-sensitive mutation of Drosophila melanogaster l(3)c4(3)hs1, causes
      mutant larvae raised at a restrictive temperature to have abnormally large wing
      discs. The large size of these discs is a disc-autonomous property and results
      from an increase in the number rather than the size of wing disc cells. We have
      used wing discs from this mutant to further investigate properties of
      transdetermination which had previously been investigated with nonmutant discs.
      Transdetermination can occur in nonmutant discs when the proliferative phase of
      imaginal disc development is extended by wounding discs and culturing them in
      vivo. The results indicate that additional proliferation in the absence of
      wounding does not lead to transdetermination. There is a correlation between the
      extent of growth of a cultured disc and the probability that it will undergo
      transdetermination. The results suggest that this correlation does not depend on
      a differential rate of cell division. Finally, the results indicate that the
      cells which give rise to transdetermination are at an equivalent developmental
      stage no later than that characteristic of eye-antenna disc cells before the
      third larval instar.

PMID- 6436086
TI  - Genetic analysis of transdetermination in Drosophila. II. Transdetermination to
      wing of leg discs from a mutant which lacks wing discs.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster larvae homozygous for lethal mutations at the L6 locus
      have no wing discs. However, like wild-type leg discs, leg discs from such mutant
      larvae can transdetermine to wing. Apparently such a transdetermination event
      bypasses the block to wing disc development caused by mutations at this locus. In
      order to evaluate the significance of this observation we have examined the cell
      autonomy of the mutant phenotype and the capacity of mutant larvae to support the
      growth of normal wing discs. The mutation appears not to be expressed cell
      autonomously, yet mutant larvae can support the growth of normal wing discs. One
      way of resolving these paradoxical results is to hypothesize that the normal
      product of the L6 gene is essential only for an initial step of wing disc
      development. According to this hypothesis, the fact that mutant leg discs can
      transdetermine to wing implies that transdetermination does not proceed by
      recapitulating that step of normal wing disc development.

PMID- 6436087
TI  - [Species and biotypes of human brucellosis in Spain].

PMID- 6436088
TI  - [Electrophoretic homogeneity of the urease in 3 species of Brucella].

PMID- 6436089
TI  - [Brucella abortus biotypes found in cattle in Morocco: a preliminary study].

PMID- 6436090
TI  - [Current advances in the biochemistry and biological properties of Brucella
      antigens].

PMID- 6436091
TI  - [Antitumor activity of products extracted from Brucella abortus].

PMID- 6436092
TI  - Properties of an immunogenic fraction from Brucella abortus 45/20.
AB  - Hot saline extracts of Brucella abortus strain 45/20 contain up to 4 protein
      components. Some of these components are shared with other Brucella strains but
      one appears specific to B. abortus 45/20 or possibly other non-smooth Brucella
      strains. The extracts are antigenic in guinea-pigs and evoke protective immunity
      against virulent B. abortus. The rough antigen specific activity appears to be
      associated with a protein component rather than lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6436093
TI  - A study of immunological cross-reaction between Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 and
      Brucella abortus.
AB  - In this paper, the immunological cross-reaction between Yersinia enterocolitica
      0:9 (Y-9) and Brucella abortus has been studied with the following results: It
      has been demonstrated that serological cross-reaction exists between the
      organisms and the agglutination titer of Y-9 antigen and anti-Brucella human sera
      is lower than that between Brucella antigen and Yersinia anti-sera. Y-9 antigen
      can only be agglutinated by Brucella monospecific serum "A", but not by serum "M"
      or "R". 24-48 hours after the injection of Y-9 antigen either in the form of
      whole cells or purified protein, a clear skin cross-reaction was observed in a
      guinea pig sensitized with Brucella 104M. But the skin cross-reaction of a guinea
      pig sensitized with Y-9 to Brucella antigen was rather weak. In case the antigen
      used in skin test is similar to that used for sensitization, similar results are
      obtained at 24 and 48 hours for Brucella antigen, but for Y-9, the reaction at 24
      hours is stronger than that at 48 hours. In the protection test, the protection
      rate against B. melitensis M13 virulent strain in guinea pigs immunized with Y-9
      and B. abortus are 33.3% and 90% respectively, while those against B. abortus
      104M in C57BL inbred mice immunized with Brucella antigen and Y-9 are 90% and 50%
      respectively.

PMID- 6436094
TI  - Biochemical and biological properties of soluble protein preparations from
      Brucella abortus.
AB  - Soluble salt-extractable protein antigens (CSP) from Brucella abortus may be of
      potential value as a vaccine and as a diagnostic reagent for the prevention and
      diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. These protein antigens, excluding protoplasmic
      proteins, are those present in the matrix of the outer membrane and in the
      periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria. Our research deals mainly with the
      proteins of the periplasmic space and the nonporin proteins of the outer
      membrane. We have isolated a group of proteins from intact inactivated cells
      using mild, nondestructive extraction procedures. The proteins thus obtained
      range in molecular weight from 10 000 to 51 000 daltons as determined under
      denaturing conditions and from 10 000 to 124 000 daltons under nondenaturing
      conditions. The isoelectric pH of these proteins range from 3.5 to 10 with
      numerous bands in the pH 4.5 to 5.5 region, and a few bands in the pH 6 to 10
      region. The low pH region also contains those protein bands which can be labeled
      with the membrane impermeant reagent, diazotized [125I]-iodosulfanilic acid. The
      soluble protein preparations are antigenic in guinea pigs, rabbits and cattle,
      and immunogenic in lemmings, guinea pigs and cattle. Cross-reacting protein
      antigens are present in protein preparations from B. abortus strains 19 and 2308
      when tested with heterologous rabbit sera and with sera from vaccinated and
      experimentally infected cattle. The soluble protein antigens can be rendered more
      immunogenic by chemical modification of the primary amino groups with acyl
      anhydrides, especially with dodecanoyl anhydride. Immunization with dodecanoyl-
      modified proteins resulted in decreased humoral antibody levels (as measured in
      guinea pigs and cattle) without loss of protective activity, as measured in
      lemmings. Furthermore, the soluble proteins have proven to be a sensitive, stable
      and reliable reagent in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the
      detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in serum of vaccinated and
      experimentally infected cattle. Other soluble protein antigen preparations have
      also been evaluated and compared with strain 19 proteins for immunogenic
      properties and for use as an ELISA reagent.

PMID- 6436095
TI  - Studies on the polysaccharide B and native haptene of Brucella and Yersinia
      enterocolitica serotype 9.
AB  - Trichloroacetic (TCA) extraction of B. melitensis 115, or hot saline extraction
      of B. melitensis 16M yields a polysaccharide component that can be purified free
      of protein and lipopolysaccharide by gel filtration and TCA precipitation.
      Antibodies to this polysaccharide can be detected in sera of rabbits infected
      with virulent Brucella but not with B. abortus 19. Similarly, cattle with active
      brucellosis and humans with acute brucellosis develop antibodies against this
      polysaccharide. After extraction and purification, this polysaccharide does not
      elicit antibody response in rabbits or mice. It does not fix the complement, does
      not bind to red cells or to polystyrene plates.

PMID- 6436096
TI  - Interaction of Escherichia coli matrix protein with Brucella abortus
      peptidoglycan and chitin.
AB  - Although 10-20 mM MgCl2 in SDS at 37 degrees C extracted significant amounts of
      Brucella abortus 45/20 peptidoglycan associated proteins (PGAP) from 50 degrees C
      SDS-extracted cell envelopes, extraction of PGAP of Escherichia coli K-12
      required at least 50 mM MgCl2. To study the basis for this difference, PGAP were
      bound to peptidoglycans and chitin in the presence and absence of
      lipopolysaccharide and the conditions for their reextraction examined. E. coli
      PGAP bound to both E. coli and B. abortus peptidoglycans. In either case, 50 mM
      MgCl2 was necessary for their reextraction regardless of the presence or absence
      of lipopolysaccharide. E. coli PGAP also bound to chitin and this binding was
      identical to the binding to peptidoglycans with respect to the temperature of
      extraction in SDS and, in presence of lipopolysaccharide, the MgCl2 concentration
      required for reextraction. However, when lipopolysaccharide was absent, 10-20 mM
      MgCl2 was enough for partial reextraction of PGAP. These results, and our
      previous finding that B. abortus lipopolysaccharides are not stabilized by
      interactions with divalent cations, suggested that E. coli lipopolysaccharide
      remaining in the 50 degrees C SDS-extracted envelopes interfered with the
      extraction of matrix proteins by MgCl2.

PMID- 6436097
TI  - [Placental infection of mice by Brucella. Pathogenicity and immunity].

PMID- 6436098
TI  - A study of delayed hypersensitivity and desensitization in guinea pigs after
      Brucella infection.
AB  - We made use of the guinea pig model to demonstrate delayed hypersensitive
      manifestations in the knee as well as the liver rather than the skin. Experiments
      revealed that several factors took part in this immune response, i.e. nature of
      sensitizing agents, route and dosage of allergen procured and functional
      involvement of local tissue or organ. For instance, the knee swelling was
      triggered by intraarticular introduction of allergen while the distended liver
      gave rise to a pathogenic fatal outcome after large dose intravenously. Animal
      models were also established to abolish partially all these forms of immune
      reactions in a duration of limited time as a result of desensitization by
      brucellysin. These immune manifestations and their possible correlation to the
      pathogenesis of brucellosis were discussed.

PMID- 6436099
TI  - Recent progress in the diagnosis of brucellosis.
AB  - Progress since 1975 in the development of methods for the diagnosis of
      brucellosis is summarized. Standard serological diagnosis improved with increased
      use of acidified antigen agglutination and complement fixation tests.
      Immunoassays, tests based on the lysis of lipopolysaccharide coated erythrocytes
      and tests using new antigens have increased the sensitivity and specificity of
      serological results. The field of cellular immunology has seen the development
      and field evaluation of a skin test using refined antigens and the assessment of
      in vitro assays of cellular activity using purified protein and crude brucella
      antigens. Potential diagnostic uses of these methods are discussed.
      Bacteriological procedures were improved by introduction of stomachers and
      improved culture media. The isolation of new Brucella phages and development of a
      thin layer chromatography method for the determination of oxidation metabolic
      profiles were advanced in the characterization of Brucellae. Progress was also
      made in the development of immunoassays for the detection of Brucella antigens in
      host tissues. The selection of control groups, quality control studies and
      problems of standardization are areas that require greater attention in future
      methods development work. Major achievements of the period were 1) demonstrations
      that diagnosis sensitivity can be increased by new assays for antibody and
      cellular responses, 2) new methods to discriminate between anti-Brucella abortus
      and anti-Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 responses, 3) a radial immunodiffusion test
      that detects most actively infected cattle, and 4) the simplification and
      extension of oxidative metabolic and phage typing tests. Advances in clinical
      microbiology and molecular biology have created new opportunities to improve
      diagnostic methods in the next decade.

PMID- 6436100
TI  - The production and evaluation of a buffered plate antigen for use in a
      presumptive test for brucellosis.
AB  - A buffered Brucella plate antigen, pH 4.0, was developed for testing bovine and
      porcine sera which markedly reduced the number of "nonspecific" plate
      agglutination test reactions. Use of this antigen in a presumptive test decreased
      testing costs by lowering the amount of "nonspecific" reaction obtained on the
      standard plate agglutination test and reducing the use of the card test. The test
      is slightly more sensitive than the card test. Specificity and sensitivity were
      evaluated using sera collected from experimentally vaccinated and/or infected
      animals and from animals at slaughter. The antigen is currently being used in a
      presumptive test for brucellosis in the United States.

PMID- 6436101
TI  - [Standardization on a laboratory animal of an intradermal test intended to detect
      human delayed brucellar hypersensitivity].

PMID- 6436102
TI  - [Allergic diagnosis of animal brucellosis].

PMID- 6436103
TI  - Brucella classification and regional distribution.
AB  - The most significant advances in the field of Brucella classification since the
      last meeting have been in the field of Brucella phages reviewed by Corbel &
      Morgan (1980) Handbuch der Bakteriellen Infektionen bei Tieren, 4, Ed Blobel &
      Schliesser) and Corbel & Morgan (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.
      In press). The Berkeley phages, especially the BK2 variant has been found to be
      able to lyse smooth B. melitensis, as well as smooth strains of the other
      species. A further advance has been the isolation of phages which lyse rough
      strains of B. abortus as well as B. canis and B. ovis. The most recent
      comprehensive account of the world-wide distribution of brucellosis has been
      given by Hansen and Muller (1982. Tierarztl Umschau 37, 564-570), supplemented by
      recent reviews by Morgan, Hellman, Weber, Meyer, and Wundt (1980) in Handbuch der
      Bakteriellen Infektionen bei Tieren 4). Except in those countries where B.
      abortus infection has been eradicated in cattle, the disease still remains a
      world-wide problem in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs as well as in wild animal
      reservoirs in certain parts of the world.

PMID- 6436104
TI  - [Serological diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. A comparison between ELISA (IgG)
      and classical serological tests].

PMID- 6436105
TI  - The detection of complement fixing antibodies by ELISA (COMPELISA) in Brucella
      serology.
AB  - The detection of complement fixation by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      (COMPELISA) has several advantages over the conventional complement fixation test
      (CFT). COMPELISA does not require sheep red blood cells and can be used in those
      geographical regions where this product is not readily available. In the
      COMPELISA technique the test serum and the complement are never combined and
      therefore any anticomplementary substances in the blood do not affect the result.
      Furthermore, serum samples can be treated with 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), a very
      anticomplementary reagent, and the effect which the resultant breakdown of IgM
      immunoglobulin has on complement fixation can be studied. The effect of ME is
      normally observed on agglutinins only. Results of the COMPELISA and other tests
      on sera from patients at various stages of brucellosis are presented for
      comparison. They show that the COMPELIA and ME-COMPELISA together reflect the
      patient's immune status as accurately as other conventional tests and it is
      suggested that they would constitute an effective and rapid (half-day) screening
      procedure where large numbers of human or animal sera are to be examined.

PMID- 6436106
TI  - [ELISA immunoenzymatic test for studying and titrating Brucella abortus
      antibodies. Choice of the antigen and reaction standardization].

PMID- 6436107
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay for bovine brucellosis using a monoclonal antibody specific
      for field strains of Brucella abortus.
AB  - The success of various attempts to discriminate serologically between vaccinated
      cattle and those infected with field strains of Brucella abortus has been
      limited. A reliable assay that has this discriminating ability would greatly
      benefit the Australian Brucellosis Eradication Scheme. Studies of similar
      diagnostic problems have shown that species and strain-specific monoclonal
      antibodies with diagnostic potential can be produced. Therefore, the production
      of monoclonal antibodies specific for Br. abortus field strains was attempted.
      Spleen cells from Balb/C mice immunized with formalin-killed Br. abortus strain
      544 were fused with P3/NSI-1 Ag4-1 cells using polyethylene glycol 4000. The
      resulting hybrid cells were screened by ELISA using soluble fractions of
      sonicated, heat-killed (60 degrees C, 1 h) bacteria as antigen. More than 200
      cultures of hybrid cells contained detectable amounts of antibody to both field
      and vaccine strains of Brucella. However, one monoclonal antibody, Br 25, was
      found to bind field strains of Br. abortus biotypes 1 and 2, but not strain 19,
      Br. suis, Br. melitensis, or Br. ovis. The titre of Br 25 hybridoma cell culture
      supernatant is over 2 000, Br 25 cells injected into mice produce ascites fluid
      having titres of more than 100 000. A sandwich ELISA incorporating successive
      incubations of Br 25, soluble Brucella antigen, bovine sera and labelled anti
      bovine immunoglobulin was developed. Sera from cattle that had been either
      vaccinated with strain 19 and infected were tested in the ELISA. In this ELISA
      most infected cattle were positive, whether vaccinated or not, whereas uninfected
      and vaccinated cattle were negative.

PMID- 6436108
TI  - [Indirect isolation of Brucella abortus by inoculating mice via the placenta].

PMID- 6436109
TI  - Evaluation of a radial immunodiffusion test for diagnosing brucellosis in sheep
      and its possible value for differentiating infected from Brucella melitensis REV
      1 vaccinated sheep.
AB  - The efficiency of 4 serological test: Rose Bengal (RB), complement fixation (CF),
      gel diffusion (GD) and radial immunodiffusion (RID) for diagnosing Brucellosis in
      sheep was compared. RID and CF were also used to evaluate sheep serological
      response following REV 1 vaccination. Crude smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS-S) and
      Polysaccharide B antigens obtained from B. melitensis 16 M were used in GD and
      RID tests respectively. In experiment 1, two hundred and sixty five sera from
      adult unvaccinated sheep were studied. The animals used belonged to 4 different
      flocks, in which was bacteriologically proved the existence of B. melitensis
      infection. RB positive reaction was obtained in 122 sera being 100, 87 and 91 of
      these, positive to CF, GD and RID respectively. In experiment 2, one hundred and
      one ewes from 5 to 10 months of age (and CF negative) were subcutaneously
      inoculated with 2.10(9) viable Rev 1 organisms. All animals were bled at 1, 2, 5,
      10, 20, 24, 28 and 52 weeks after being vaccinated, and their serological
      response to CF and RID tests was studied. The percentage of CF reactors between
      the 24th and the 52nd weeks decreased from about 30% to less than 8%. The RID
      reactors in weeks 24 and 52 were 1% and 0% respectively when a concentration of
      15 micrograms of Polysaccharide B per ml of gel was used.

PMID- 6436110
TI  - An hemolysis-in-gel test for bovine brucellosis.
AB  - An hemolysis-in-gel test (HIGT) for bovine antibody against Brucella abortus was
      developed and evaluated. Sera to be tested were placed in wells in an agarose gel
      containing guinea pig complement and J-negative bovine erythrocytes coated with
      lipopolysaccharide prepared from B. abortus biotype 1. After incubation, zones of
      hemolysis were produced by positive sera. The activity of some positive sera was
      heat labile, but was restored to heated sera by addition of a crude preparation
      of the first component of bovine complement. The HIGT was compared with the
      complement fixation test (CFT), the buffered antigen plate test (BPAT), the
      standard tube agglutination test (STAT) and the standard plate agglutination test
      (SPAT), using sera from 1041 brucellosis-free cattle, from 51 cattle infected
      with B. abortus biotype 1 or biotype 4, and from six heifers vaccinated with
      strain 19. Three of 1041 sera (0.29%) from brucellosis-free cattle were HIGT
      positive, ten (0.96%) were BPAT-positive, and none were positive in the CFT,
      STAT, or SPAT. The HIGT was more sensitive, and detected infection earlier than
      the other tests in the case of B. abortus biotype 1 infection, but was less
      sensitive for biotype 4 infection. In vaccinated heifers, HIGT reactions appeared
      later than reactions to the other tests, and persisted as long as 565 days.
      Further studies are needed to standardize the HIGT test conditions and to improve
      its sensitivity for B. abortus biotype 4 infections. Attempts to determine the
      effects of LPS antigen prepared from different biotypes of B. abortus are in
      progress.

PMID- 6436111
TI  - [Vaccination against human brucellosis. 2 years of experience].

PMID- 6436112
TI  - [Use of a phenol-soluble Brucella antigen in man as a test to detect specific
      skin sensitivity].

PMID- 6436113
TI  - Properties of Brucella-phages lytic for non-smooth Brucella strains.
AB  - A series of host-range mutants has been selected for brucella-phage R. Two of
      these mutants designated R/O and R/C have been used for typing purposes. Phage
      R/O is lytic for non-smooth strains of Brucella abortus and for B. ovis. It is
      genetically unstable however and produces mutants lytic for smooth B. obortus and
      B. suis. Phage R/C is lytic for non-smooth B. abortus and for B. ovis and B.
      canis. It is much more stable than phages R or R/O and shows little or no lytic
      activity on smooth Brucella strains. It has been effective in differentiating B.
      canis from B. suis in tests on a limited number of strains. In their properties,
      all of the brucella-phages of the R series resemble their parent phage.

PMID- 6436114
TI  - Brucellosis in man. I. Serological diagnosis.
AB  - 50 Blood samples were collected from in-patients with febrile splenomegaly
      suspected to be Malta fever, in Sharkia fever hospitals; Egypt. The samples were
      subjected to serological tests (tube agglutination, Widal & Coombs) for diagnosis
      of brucellosis. The results of tube agglutination (TAT) revealed that 5 (10%)
      were positive; the titre ranging from 1/80-1/320, 3 doubtful (1/40) and 42
      negative (1/20, 1/10 and no agglutination). Results of the Coombs test on
      negative and doubtful of TAT showed that out of 45 patients; 3 (6.66%) were
      positive; the titre ranging from 1/80-1/160, one doubtful and 41 negative. Coombs
      test improved the titre of one positive case of TAT from 1/320-1/640. Results of
      serological tests (TAT & Coombs) for MALTA fever were 8 (16%); the titre ranging
      from 1/80-1/640, one doubtful (1/40) and 41 negative. Results of the Widal test
      to detect Enteric fever in the way of differential diagnosis were 7 (14%)
      positive out of 50 patients examined; the titre ranging from 1/80-1/160. Five of
      them agglutinated typhoid (O&M) suspensions. One of the sera agglutinated
      paratyphi A (H) suspension, the remaining one serum agglutinated paratyphi. B(H)
      suspension and none of the sera agglutinated paratyphi. C(H) suspension. All the
      positive Coombs and negative Widal cases were obtained against typhoid (O)
      suspension and none against any of the (H) suspensions; Coombs test was positive
      in two (4.65) of 43 patients negative to Widal; no improvement of titre in the
      positive Widal. Results of Widal & Coombs to detect Enterica were 9 (18%)
      positive and 41 negative.

PMID- 6436115
TI  - [Human brucellosis vaccine obtained from the phenol-insoluble fraction of
      Brucella abortus strain B 19. Production, control, standardization].

PMID- 6436116
TI  - Brucellosis in a farming community in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - This communication describes a study of the prevalence of brucellosis in a
      farming community of Saudi Arabia. Standard agglutination tests of sera from 21
      patients were tested for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. The results
      show that 8 (38%) were positive with titres of 160 or over 20 480 and with titre
      of complement fixation tests ranging from 8 to 64. Agglutination titres of 20 to
      40 were present in only 3 cases. Those patients with positive agglutination titre
      of 160 or higher admitted histories of consumption of raw milk. All 8 patients
      presented typical symptoms of brucellosis and responded to appropriate antibiotic
      therapy. This study suggests that farm workers and those who drink raw milk are
      more likely to contract brucellosis than are the general population.

PMID- 6436117
TI  - Brucellosis: experiences in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of Brucellosis in patients
      attending the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The method
      used was the standard agglutination test with doubling dilutions of sera from 10
      to 5120. Further dilutions were made in 19 strongly positive ones at 5120 titre.
      A titre of 160 or more was considered significant for the diagnosis. Positive and
      negative control sera were used for each batch. The result of 1733 patient's sera
      tested showed that 153 (8.8%) were positive. Of these, 19 had titre greater than
      5120. Two hundred and fifty five patients (14.7%) had titres ranging from 20 to
      80. The prevalence of brucellosis in the patients studied by serological tests is
      8.8% and control measures are necessary in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 6436118
TI  - [Characteristics of 273 strains of Brucella abortus of African origin].
AB  - 273 Brucella strains from Africa have been examined for identification and typing
      in our laboratory, since 1976. Of these, 213 were isolated from Senegal, 30 from
      Togo, 12 from Morocco, 10 from Rwanda, 7 from Guinea Bissau and 1 from Niger. 272
      strains were from cattle. Most of them (260) were from native animals that showed
      hygromas. 12 strains from Morocco were isolated from aborted calves of the "Pie
      Noire" dairy breed. One strain was from a human case of Brucellosis in Rwanda.
      All the strains were classified as members of B. abortus species by the
      recommended methods of the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of the genus. Of them, 269-
      including the human strain--were biotype 3/6. The others--2 from Morocco, 1 from
      Senegal and 1 from Rwanda--were biotype 1. Comment is needless about the 12
      strains isolated from imported "Pie Noire" cattle. Their characteristics are
      identical with those of the B. abortus same biotypes isolated out of Africa. On
      the other hand, three unusual characteristics distinguish the 260 strains from
      native cattle and the human one from the main group of B. abortus: their growth
      characteristics, their mean oxidative profile and--for 219 of them--a negative
      oxidase test. The unusual behaviour of native B. abortus strains is discussed
      from an epidemiological and taxonomical point of view.

PMID- 6436119
TI  - An evaluation of the stability of Brucella abortus strain 19 reduced dosage
      lyophilized vaccines produced by different methods.
AB  - Replicate lots of multiple dose lyophilized Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine
      were prepared having four different cell concentrations and four different fill
      volumes. In addition, two different size vials utilizing cells prepared by three
      different methods were studied. This vaccine was maintained at four different
      storage temperatures and the viability determined periodically. There was no
      appreciable loss in viability that could be attributed to the method of cell
      preparation; however, marked differences in viability were associated with cell
      concentration and/or prelyophilization fill volume and the two vial sized. The
      optimal prelyophilization cell suspension contained 25 to 35 X 10(9) viable
      Brucella 1 per ml. The better lyophilization vials had dimensions which minimized
      the surface to volume ratio of the postlyophilization pellet. Based on these
      studies it was concluded that production of large volumes of reduced dosage
      lyophilized vaccine is feasible and that the vaccine produced will meet
      specifications currently being implemented in the United States. These
      specification will require that each two ml dose of vaccine contain between three
      and ten X 10(9) viable organisms of B. abortus strain 19.

PMID- 6436120
TI  - [Bovine brucellosis in Algeria: serological detection from 1969 to 1982 and the
      results of the analysis].

PMID- 6436121
TI  - Experimental studies on brucellosis in chickens.
AB  - The present study was carried out on 30 one-day old and 50 six-months old chicks
      in two separate experiments. Exposure of one-day old chickens to Br. abortus
      showed no apparent clinical signs, although the microorganism was recovered from
      2 out of 10 infected cases. 40% of chicks which were exposed to Br. melitensis
      showed signs of illness 48-72 hours post infection with fatal termination within
      12-36 hours after onset of symptoms. The microorganism was isolated from 6 out of
      10 infected chicks. Adult chicks, when exposed to Brucella infection showed no
      clinical signs except a slight decrease in egg-yield among hens infected
      intraperitoneally with Br. melitensis, although brucella organisms were recovered
      from droppings, egg-shell, egg-yolk and white, and from internal organs of some
      chicks. Bacteriological evaluation of diagnostic procedures showed that Rose
      Bengal and Brucellosis card tests were efficient for the diagnosis of brucellosis
      in chickens. The brucellin test proved its efficacy when applied in the wattle,
      better than in wing-folds with a peak of reaction within 48 to 72 hours post
      inoculation. Brucella organisms isolated from experimentally infected chicks were
      identical to the original strains used. In droppings of chicks Br. melitensis
      survived for 48 days at room temperature (12-22 degrees C). Beside the economical
      losses resulting from infection by Br. melitensis of one-day old chicks, the
      results obtained assure the significance of infected chicks, their eggs and
      droppings in disseminating brucellosis for man and animals.

PMID- 6436122
TI  - Inter- and intra-strain variants in the genus Brucella.
AB  - Inter strain variation among the species and biotypes in this genus was
      determined by examining 1 800 separate isolates by all the conventional
      identification methods and also by the manometric method to determine the
      oxidative metabolic pattern of each isolate. Included among this pool of 1 800
      strains are isolates from all reported hosts and from world wide geographic
      areas, including most countries. Intra strain variation was studied by randomly
      selecting and transferring to slants 50 well isolated colony forming units from
      plates streaked with saline suspensions of the following organisms: 2 strains
      each of B. melitensis biotypes 1, 2, 3; 2 strains each of B. suis biotypes 1, 2,
      3; 2 strains each of B. abortus biotypes 1, 2, 3, 5; and 2 strains of B.
      neotomae. Each of the 1 100 slants than were examined by the conventional
      determinative methods and manometrically for its species metabolic patterns.
      There were essentially no variants found among the CFUs from B. melitensis or B.
      neotomae. Many variants in dye sensitivities were found among CFUs from the
      strains of B. abortus and variants in both the conventionally measured
      characteristics and in metabolic patterns were found in the strains of B. suis.
      Implications of these findings will be discussed.

PMID- 6436123
TI  - Brucellosis control in an infected herd by serological testing, removal of
      reactors, vaccination with reduced dose of strain 19 and improved hygiene.
AB  - Brucellosis was diagnosed in a closed herd of approximately 200 Fresian cattle in
      February 1982. Diagnosis was based on positive serologic tests and abortions from
      which B. abortus was isolated. Initial efforts to control the disease were the
      isolation of all cows which were positive on the standard tube agglutination
      test. In addition all cows which calved or aborted were isolated. In August 1982
      all cows which were negative to the standard tube agglutination test were
      vaccinated with a reduced dose of strain 19 vaccine (approximately 1 X 10(9)
      organisms). The herd was retested 60 days after vaccination and all animals which
      were positive on the rivanol supplemental test at a titer of 1:50 or greater were
      considered infected and removed from the herd. Subsequent to vaccination there
      were an additional 22 cows which aborted. These cows were removed from the herd.
      A calfhood vaccination programme utilizing the standard dose of strain 19 has
      been initiated in the herd. An increased effort was made to maintain all of the
      stables at a higher level of sanitation.

PMID- 6436124
TI  - Investigations on the toxicity of bile salt solutions, Capmul 8210 and a bile
      salt-EDTA solution for common bile duct perfusion in dogs.
AB  - The following perfusion media for dissolving bile duct calculi were infused via a
      cutaneobiliary tube into the biliary tract of 12 mongrel dogs: 4.3% cholate
      solution, 0.34% chenodeoxycholate solution, Capmul, GMOC (special formulation of
      Capmul), BA-EDTA and 0.9% saline. Infusion lasted 50 h. Postmortem examination
      revealed hemorrhagic, partly phlegmonous cholangitis, acute duodenitis, necrosis
      and abscesses in the liver. The lesions were most pronounced after the cholate
      solution and with Capmul and GMOC, but were only detected to a slight extent
      after BA-EDTA and the chenodeoxycholate solution. 0.9% saline had no side
      effects. The investigations could demonstrate that it is the very irrigation
      media that today are recommended for treatment of bile duct stones in patients,
      that cause considerable morphologic side effects. The alternating administration
      of an EDTA solution with a Capmul preparation may diminish local toxicity of the
      latter.

PMID- 6436125
TI  - Controlling OR infections: reusing disposables.

PMID- 6436126
TI  - University Hospital tries Medicus case mix analysis.

PMID- 6436127
TI  - Insulin and apolipoprotein A-1/C-III gene polymorphisms relating to
      hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Two gene specific probes have been used to identify polymorphic DNA loci on
      chromosome 11 close to the insulin and apoprotein A-1 genes in a genetic analysis
      of hypertriglyceridaemic patients with and without co-existing diabetes. Of the
      45 patients studied with both probes, 15 were diabetic of whom nine possessed
      class 3/3 insulin polymorphism genotypes, compared with none in the non-diabetic
      group (p less than 0.001; chi 2 test). In contrast, an uncommon apolipoprotein A
      1 polymorphism was found to be equally distributed in the diabetic and the non
      diabetic patients. No co-segregation of these two particular genetic
      polymorphisms was found in either patient group. The differing associations of
      the two disease-related polymorphism genotypes in patients with
      hypertriglyceridaemia with or without co-existing diabetes may possibly reflect
      differing aetiologies of the hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 6436128
TI  - Dietary carbohydrate level as a modifying factor of 3'-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene liver carcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) level on liver carcinogenesis induced by
      3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) was investigated in male Wistar
      rats. In the first experiment, three groups of 30 rats were maintained on liquid
      diets, which differed only in the level of CHO (sucrose); high-CHO (14.04 g/day),
      medium-CHO (9.72 g/day) and low-CHO (3.64 g/day). Half of the animals from each
      group were given 3'-Me-ADB added to their diet at the level of 10 mg/day/rat for
      20 weeks, the remainder being maintained as carcinogen-free controls. Final body
      and liver weights of control rats decreased with decreasing dietary level of CHO,
      while carcinogen treatment increased the liver/body weight ratio with decreasing
      CHO level. Quantitative analysis showed that the number and area of liver tumors
      per unit area of liver sections increased with decreasing dietary sucrose level.
      Hepatocellular carcinomas were only observed in rats placed on the low-CHO diet
      (4 out of 15 rats). In the second experiment, where rats were given 3'-Me-DAB in
      a semisynthetic powder diet for 16 weeks, the number and area of gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci were significantly higher in the low-CHO
      diet group, with decreasing values being associated with increase in sucrose
      level in the diet. Thus, the present experiments clearly showed that lowered CHO
      intake enhanced, whereas high intake reduced, 3'-Me-DAB liver carcinogenesis in
      rats.

PMID- 6436129
TI  - A comparison of the effects of tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate and teleocidin on gene expression in human skin cell fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects on primary human skin fibroblasts of the structurally unrelated tumor
      promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin B were
      compared with those of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the non-promoting
      derivative 4-O-methyl TPA (4-O-MeTPA) by means of two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Both TPA and teleocidin B caused a marked increase in the
      synthesis of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 44 kilodaltons (p44) and
      55 kilodaltons (p55). P55 was complexed in cell lysates by antiactin antibody and
      was shown to be a component of the cytoskeleton. P44 migrated very near to actin,
      but was shown not to be a variant form of actin. No such specific increase in
      polypeptide synthesis was observed following treatment with either EGF or 4-O
      MeTPA, suggesting that the increase in synthesis of p44 and p55 is specific to
      TPA and teleocidin, both agents with strong promoting activities.

PMID- 6436130
TI  - Estrogen-dependent plasminogen activator in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      induced rat mammary tumors in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Hormonal regulation of plasminogen activator in rat mammary tumor induced by 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was studied both in vivo and in vitro.
      Plasminogen activator activity in DMBA-induced tumor (DMBA-tumor) was markedly
      decreased by ovariectomy, and recovered in a dose-dependent fashion upon
      estradiol administration, reaching a maximal level at 12 hr. This estrogen
      stimulated production of the enzyme was prevented by actinomycin D,
      cycloheximide, and tamoxifen, indicating that in DMBA-tumor, estrogen might
      regulate de novo synthesis of plasminogen activator at a transcriptional level
      via an estrogen receptor system. Furthermore, DMBA-tumor cells in primary culture
      displayed similar estrogen-dependency toward the production of the enzyme without
      any cell proliferation. This indicates that the action of estrogen is mediated
      neither by cell division nor by prolactin, another hormone pastulated to be
      responsible for the development and growth of DMBA-tumor. Taken together, the
      present results have led to support the view that the primary function of
      estrogen is to induce plasminogen activator, which is probably essential to
      maintain the malignant state of DMBA-tumor.

PMID- 6436131
TI  - [Indirect calorimetry: application to nutritional assistance in digestive
      pathology].

PMID- 6436132
TI  - [Intestinal motility and continuous enteral nutrition: electromyographic study in
      dogs].
AB  - In fasting dogs, intestinal motility is characterized by the recurrence of a
      cyclic pattern, named the myoelectric complex; when inhibited by meals, the
      myoelectric complex is replaced by typical postprandial activity. Numerous
      studies have been performed concerning small intestinal motility but they all
      concerned acute food intakes. On the contrary, the aim of our work was to
      investigate the influence of continuous enteral nutrition in dogs for different
      caloric loads. The results showed that after a temporary inhibition caused by the
      onset of continuous enteral nutrition, the myoelectric complexes reappeared,
      first with long and irregular intervals of recurrence, later and finally with the
      same characteristics observed during the fasting state. We conclude that small
      intestinal motility can present the typical features of the fasting state, in
      spite of the presence of nutrients in the digestive tract. The factors inducing
      postprandial inhibition of myoelectric complexes loose their effectiveness after
      a period of time which depends on the caloric load in continuous enteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6436133
TI  - [Duodenal complications of rheumatoid purpura. Endoscopic aspects].
AB  - The aim of this work was to describe the endoscopic features and clinical outcome
      of the duodenal complications in anaphylactoid purpura. Over a 3-year period, 20
      patients were hospitalized in our unit because of purpura rheumatica. Duodenal
      complications occurred in 5 cases warranting endoscopic assessment. All patients
      had bilious vomiting and epigastric pain, constantly associated with low-grade
      purpuric rash. Plasma factor XIII concentrations were always decreased. The
      duodenal complication was suspected radiologically in 2 cases when "thumbprint"
      impressions were seen. Petechiae, oedema and intramural hematoma with superficial
      erosions were present endoscopically in 3 cases. The lesions were severe and
      extensive, involving the entire duodenum in 3 cases and the jejunum in one case.
      In one patient, there was a stricture of the upper part of the second duodenum.
      Treatment consisted of parenteral nutrition (using a central catheter: 3 cases,
      or a peripheral vein: 2 cases) and cimetidine (30 mg/kg.bw). The clinical outcome
      was favorable in 4 patients; the symptoms vanished and the endoscopic lesions
      were reversible (including the stricture) with restitutio ad integrum after 10
      days. The last patient died the 8th day of treatment, 3 days after digestive
      improvement; the cause of death was probably iatrogenic and related to accidental
      migration of the central catheter. These results suggest that endoscopic
      examination should be performed in all patients with anaphylactoid purpura
      presenting with bilious vomiting. Endoscopy seems to be of great value in
      deciding if parenteral nutrition is indicated--or not--and perhaps in order to
      contraindicate the use of steroid therapy in the case of ulcerated hematomas.

PMID- 6436134
TI  - Abnormal intestinal flora: metabolic and clinical consequences.

PMID- 6436135
TI  - Management of esophageal stenosis in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
AB  - Total replacement of the esophagus by colonic interposition has been recommended
      as the treatment of esophageal obstruction in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis
      bullosa. We report our experience in the conservative management of esophageal
      blisters, strictures, and complete occlusion in 5 patients (aged 2-61 yr). Our
      therapy consists of a combination of the following principles: (a) inhibition of
      collagenase formation by oral phenytoin to reduce epithelial detachment; (b)
      pureed or semiliquid food because minor trauma by hard food particles may induce
      blistering and result in scarring of the upper esophagus, and larger food
      particles may obstruct an esophageal stricture; (c) avoidance of tangential
      shearing forces induced by bougienage and endoscopy and instead use of inflatable
      dilatator balloons which produce vertical pressure that seems to be less harmful;
      and (d) long-term nasogastric tube feeding, which may relieve even tight
      strictures. Our observations suggest that successful long-term conservative
      management of esophageal stenoses in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is
      possible.

PMID- 6436137
TI  - Role of eicosanoids in the control of renal function in severe hepatic disease.

PMID- 6436136
TI  - Perspectives on gastrointestinal surgery for treatment of morbid obesity: the
      lesson learned.

PMID- 6436138
TI  - The cyclo-oxygenase pathway in the avascular heart of the frog, Rana esculenta L.
AB  - A modification of Vane's cascade is reported, allowing the superfusion bioassay
      of prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) in the outflow of isolated and perfused
      heart of the frog Rana esculenta L. Using both this technique and
      radioimmunoassay determination, the cyclo-oxygenase pathway in perfused frog
      heart has been investigated. Arachidonate (AA) (2-20 micrograms) injected into
      the perfusing fluid, was transformed by the heart into PLS, as shown by the
      response of the bioassay tissues (rat stomach strip, chick rectum, rat colon). A
      compound capable of relaxing rabbit mesenteric artery and a rabbit aorta
      contracting substance were also generated. The release was inhibited by
      indomethacin (1.0 X 10(-5)M). Radioimmunoassay determination of PGE2, TXB2 and 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha in frog heart effluent, before and after AA injection (20
      micrograms), gave the following yields (ng/ml of effluent). Basal: PGE2 = 0.45 +/
      0.15; TXB2 = 0.46 +/- 0.13; 6-keto-PGF1 alpha = 2.21 +/- 0.3. Following AA: PGE2
      = 1.55 +/- 0.35; 6-keto-PGF1 alpha = 3.4 +/- 0.4; TXB2 = 1.00 +/- 0.06. Our
      results suggest that prostacyclin is a major product of the cyclo-oxygenase
      pathway in frog perfused heart. The biological significance of this finding is
      discussed in relation to both the absence of a coronary circulation in amphibians
      and to the spongy nature of frog myocardium.

PMID- 6436139
TI  - The interaction of carbaryl with the metabolism of isolated hepatocytes: I.
      Effect on respiration and glycolysis.
AB  - The in vitro interaction of the insecticide 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate
      (carbaryl) with respiration and the glycolytic pathway was studied in hepatocytes
      isolated according to a modified version of the method of Berry and Friend. The
      cells were subjected to concentrations of carbaryl at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM
      dissolved in 1% dimethylsulphoxide. The results show that dimethylsulphoxide
      induces a slight stimulation of the respiratory coefficients. Concentrations of
      carbaryl at 0.01 and 0.1 mM did not significantly modify oxygen consumption, but
      at 1.0 mM this was reduced by 40% in relation to the dimethylsulphoxide-treated
      group. On the other hand, the decrease in the metabolic production of CO2 is
      significant at even the lowest of the concentrations with resultant major changes
      in the respiratory quotient. The utilization of glucose is unchanged by treatment
      with carbaryl. The endogeneous production of lactic acid is unaffected by the
      presence of the exogenous agents studied. The net metabolic production of lactate
      was strongly inhibited by dimethylsulphoxide and further inhibited by increasing
      concentrations of carbaryl. 1 mM of carbaryl completely blocks the net glycolytic
      flux. The results indicate that carbaryl produces major changes at the glycolytic
      pathway of hepatic cells. But this result may be understood not as an effect due
      to carbaryl per se, but as the role of other factors such as dimethylsulphoxide
      or metabolites of nonenzymatic hydrolysis or carbaryl which also would be
      involved.

PMID- 6436140
TI  - Subcellular distribution of pinazepam and its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam in
      rat liver.
AB  - The distribution in subcellular fractions of pinazepam (Pz) and its metabolite N
      desmethyldiazepam (N-Dz) was studied after a single oral administration of Pz (20
      mg/kg body wt) to rats. Animals were killed 2 min and 6 hr after dosing. The
      amounts of the parent drug and its metabolite retrieved in the microsomal
      fraction were small, but significantly higher than those in the nuclear,
      mitochondrial and soluble fractions. The cytosol contained the lowest percentages
      of both drugs. No substantial difference was found in the subcellular
      distribution pattern of both Pz and N-Dz 2 min and 6 hr after administration.

PMID- 6436141
TI  - Studies on the specificity of thyroid response to pituitary glycoprotein
      hormones.
AB  - Thyrotropins (TSH) and gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, LH, and follicle
      stimulating hormone, FSH) purified from ovine, bovine, ostrich, sea turtle, and
      bullfrog pituitary glands were tested for their ability to simulate the thyroid
      glands of four species of amphibians (three anurans and a urodele), a reptile
      (the slider turtle), and a bird (the cockerel). All animals tested responded
      specifically to mammalian, sea turtle, and ostrich thyrotropins; any thyroid
      stimulating activity of the gonadotropins from these species could be accounted
      for by their contamination with thyrotropin. In addition, the three anuran
      species showed a high degree of specificity for bullfrog TSH; bullfrog LH
      exhibited low thyrotropic activity in amphibians. In contrast, bullfrog LH was
      more potent than bullfrog TSH in stimulating the thyroid gland of the cockerel.
      This bird therefore resembles reptiles in showing a "heterothyrotropic" response
      to bullfrog LH. The hormonal specificity of thyroid response to these pituitary
      glycoprotein hormones therefore varies distinctly among representatives of
      different vertebrate classes. Although the tetrapods tested were generally
      specific for thyrotropin in their thyroid responses to homologous and
      heterologous pituitary hormones, occasionally a lack of specificity for
      heterologous hormones existed which could be shared by species from closely
      related classes. The varied patterns seen indicate that independent evolution of
      the functional characteristics of the thryotropin receptor has occurred to
      different degrees within each vertebrate class.

PMID- 6436142
TI  - [Genetic activity of base analogs in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli
      and Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
AB  - The study of 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) and 2-amino-6-N-hydroxylaminopurine
      (AHAP) activity in bacteria and the yeast was undertaken. AHAP was found to be
      more effective as a mutagen in bacteria and HAP--in the yeast. Mutagenic and
      lethal effects or analogues were independent of excision and mutagenic repair
      both in bacteria and the yeast. Deletion in uvrB region of Salmonella genome
      leads to hypersensitivity to lethal and mutagenic action of analogues. Both of
      the latter only cause reversions of base-substitution but not frameshift
      mutations. Considering the data obtained and the information from published
      papers, we proposed that HAP and AHAP exert their mutagenic action, like
      classical analogues, by means of incorporation into DNA and disturbing the
      regular replication laws.

PMID- 6436143
TI  - [Mathematical approaches to the problem of generating immunoglobulin diversity].
AB  - The frequency of mutations necessary for maintenance in the organism of the
      existing diversity of immunoglobulin for specificity of active centres is
      estimated using a mathematical model. The calculation shows the mutation
      frequency to be approx. 10(-2) per cell in a generation.

PMID- 6436144
TI  - Cloning and mapping of the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The structural gene for dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA) from the Bacillus subtilis
      168 chromosome has been cloned, along with the thyB gene, on a 4.5-kb insert
      contained on chimeric plasmid pER1. The presence of the dfrA gene on pER1 was
      demonstrated by showing that: (i) transformation of Escherichia coli strains
      RUE10(Thy-) and RUE11(Thy+) with pER1 resulted in a 60 to 130-fold increase in
      dihydrofolate reductase (DFRase) activity with a turnover number characteristic
      of that of B. subtilis and (ii) pER1-mediated transformation of trimethoprim
      resistant E. coli strain D05, which overproduced a DFRase with a decreased
      affinity for trimethoprim, resulted in a 41-fold increase in DFRase activity with
      an affinity for trimethoprim similar to that of the B. subtilis enzyme. The dfrA
      gene was mapped to the 200 degrees region of the B. subtilis chromosome, and the
      gene order was established as thyB dfrA ilvA. Furthermore, the dfrA gene was
      shown to be linked closely (95-99% cotransformation) to the thyB gene.

PMID- 6436145
TI  - One-step purification of hybrid proteins which have beta-galactosidase activity.
AB  - A one-step purification method of hybrid proteins exhibiting beta-galactosidase
      activity, based on affinity chromatography in the presence of high salt
      concentration, is described. Starting from crude bacterial extracts, several
      milligrams of near-homogeneous proteins can be obtained in a few hours with an
      overall yield of 85 to 95%. The purified hybrid proteins can be used to obtain
      antibodies against the foreign portion of the protein fusion.

PMID- 6436146
TI  - Synthesis and composition of glycosaminoglycans by explant cultures of human
      ciliary body and ciliary processes in serum-containing and serum-free defined
      media.
AB  - Freshly isolated ciliary body explants and tips of ciliary processes derived from
      human eyes were cultured in serum-containing or serum-free defined medium. These
      cultures synthesized tissue-bound and medium-released ("excreted")
      glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as evidenced by the incorporation of 14C-glucosamine
      and enzymatic characterization of these labelled GAGs (hyaluronic acid, heparan
      sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate). The GAG synthesis and
      excretion rate was enhanced by serum. It is suggested that ciliary epithelium
      performs this function of GAG synthesis also under in vivo conditions.

PMID- 6436147
TI  - [Complex indicators for the evaluation of threshold effects in toxicological
      experiments].

PMID- 6436148
TI  - Case management and the nurse.

PMID- 6436149
TI  - Care based on need.

PMID- 6436150
TI  - Outpatient use of the feeding jejunostomy catheter.
AB  - Selected cancer patients can benefit from home use of the jejunostomy catheter.
      The indications for this technique include chronic inability to meet basal fluid
      and caloric needs and risk of intestinal obstruction. This report describes the
      extended use of the jejunostomy catheter in 20 women with gynecologic
      malignancies and discusses the benefits and risks of this technique.

PMID- 6436151
TI  - Effects of an antiestrogen on subfractions of HDL cholesterol during estrogen
      replacement therapy.
AB  - The antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen and estriol were compared in 39
      postmenopausal women during estrogen replacement therapy. Subfractions of HDL
      cholesterol and its apolipoproteins and the serum levels of two estrogen
      sensitive liver proteins were followed during three cycles of unopposed estrogen
      therapy with 10 micrograms ethinyl estradiol daily. During the last 10 days of
      the following three cycles the women received sequential addition of either 10 mg
      tamoxifen twice daily or 2 mg estriol twice daily. Tamoxifen clearly reduced the
      estrogen-induced increase of apolipoprotein AI, HDL2 cholesterol and total HDL
      cholesterol. In comparison the pregnancy zone protein and sex hormone-binding
      globulin were more sensitive to the estrogenic as well as to the antiestrogenic
      effect than the lipoproteins. Tamoxifen also counteracted the therapeutic effect
      on climacteric symptoms and it seems unlikely that this compound may be
      clinically useful as an alternative to progestogens during estrogen replacement
      therapy. The sequential addition of estriol had no apparent effects as compared
      to unopposed estrogen treatment.

PMID- 6436152
TI  - Effects of vitamin E on lead acetate, using Nyctotheroides as a single-cell
      model.

PMID- 6436153
TI  - [Therapy of endocrine diseases in childhood and adolescence. 4: Hypophyseal
      dwarfism].
AB  - A deficiency in growth hormone depresses growth and leads to dwarfism. The cause
      of hypopituitarism may be the destruction of the hypothalamus by a tumor
      infection or trauma. Birth trauma is often the underlying cause. Genetic forms or
      cerebral defects have also been described. Growth hormone may be completely
      lacking or partially reduced. Neurohormonal dysfunction is of particular
      interest. Administration, either intramuscular or subcutaneously, of human growth
      hormone leads initially to "catch-up" growth and to subsequent normal growth.
      Early treatment should be instituted if normal adult height is to be achieved.

PMID- 6436154
TI  - [Inoculation hepatitis caused by acupuncture. Clinical cases studied over a 9
      year period].
AB  - In the period between 1976 and 1983, at a hospital in the south of Germany, 17
      cases of hepatitis (16 hepatitis B, 1 NANB) were probably, and 4 further cases
      possibly, traceable to prior acupuncture performed by a non-medical practitioner.
      In recent years, the incidence of hepatitis B has, in general, decreased,
      probably through the elimination of post-infusion type B hepatitis. Acupuncture
      hepatitis has now attained such a degree of importance that in any case of type B
      or NANB hepatitis, the patient should be questioned as to possible previous
      acupuncture treatment. Imperfect disinfection and sterilization in the offices of
      those practising acupuncture must be disclosed and remedied.

PMID- 6436155
TI  - [99mTc-ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid; a radiopharmaceutical with tumor
      affinity].

PMID- 6436156
TI  - [Thyroidal response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) as a predictive test
      of remission in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease].

PMID- 6436157
TI  - [Immunological specificity and cytoplasmic location of delta 6-desaturase in
      microsomal membrane].
AB  - The enzymatic properties of the three types of microsomal acyl-CoA desaturases,
      delta 6-, delta 9- and delta 5-desaturase, were immunologically compared using a
      monospecific antibody raised against the purified linoleoyl-CoA desaturase (delta
      6-desaturase). By the double immunodiffusion technique, the anti-delta 6
      desaturase antibody showed a single precipitin line to the purified delta 6
      desaturase and microsomes treated with Triton X-100, but no line was observed
      with the partially purified delta 9-desaturase. The antibody even inhibited
      definitely delta 6-desaturase activity in microsomes, but neither stearoyl-CoA
      (delta 9-) nor eicosatrienoic acid (delta 5-) desaturations were inhibited. By
      these immunological investigations it was confirmed that terminal delta 6
      desaturase is different enzyme from desaturases delta 9- and delta 5. The
      intramembrane localization of delta 6-desaturase in rat liver microsomes was
      examined by various methods, such as digestion by proteases, effect of detergents
      and inhibition by the antibodies against purified terminal desaturase. Exposure
      of the desaturase on the surface of microsomal vesicles was suggested by the fact
      that the enzyme activity in the intact microsomes was susceptible to tryptic
      digestion and considerably inhibited by anti-desaturase antibodies. When
      microsomes were previously treated with trypsin, the enzyme became more
      susceptible to the antibodies. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the protein
      fragments cleaved from microsomal membranes by tryptic digestion formed a single
      precipitin line with the antibodies by the double immunodiffusion test. These
      findings suggest the presence of delta 6-desaturase on the cytoplasmic surface in
      the endoplasmic reticulum, since tryptic digestion liberates only the protein
      components situated on the surface area of membranes. In addition, desaturase
      activity in the intact microsomes was not stimulated by addition of the
      detergent, indicating the further outside location of the active site of the
      enzyme in microsomal vesicles. The previous exposure of microsomes to a low
      concentration (0.05%) of sodium deoxycholate, which destroys the permeability
      barrier for macromolecules whichout membrane disassembly, did not increase the
      susceptibility to tryptic digestion and the antibodies. These results show that
      delta 6-desaturase is not present in a latent state in the membrane.

PMID- 6436158
TI  - Influence of chronic thyroxine treatment on plasma hormone and metabolite
      concentrations and on responses to insulin, glucagon and thyrotrophin releasing
      hormone in adult sheep.
AB  - Four adult sheep fed twice daily were given daily subcutaneous injections of
      saline for four weeks, followed by a similar period of daily L-thyroxine (T4)
      injection (1 mg/day). T4 treatment increased basal plasma concentrations of T4,
      triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and glucose, together with T3-uptake and the free
      thyroxine index, while cholesterol and urea concentrations decreased. T4
      treatment reduced the rise in prolactin levels after the morning meal.
      Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) injection increased plasma T3 only in the
      control period and T3-uptake only in the T4 treatment period. T4 treatment did
      not affect the prolactin response to TRH injection or the insulin and glucose
      responses to glucagon injection. The increase in insulin concentrations after
      insulin injection and the secondary hyperglycaemia following initial insulin
      induced hypoglycaemia were reduced by T4 treatment.

PMID- 6436159
TI  - Hypothalamic hypogonadism: induction of ovulation and pregnancy by subcutaneous
      pulsatile injections of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
AB  - 5 female patients with isolated hypothalamic hypogonadism were given subcutaneous
      pulses of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 2.5-15 micrograms every 90 min,
      for 2-6 months by means of an automated pump. This treatment produced an increase
      in serum LH, FSH, and estradiol levels in 4 patients, all of whom became
      pregnant. The estradiol levels failed to rise in 1 patient, in spite of an
      adequate LH and FSH response, and a subsequent biopsy showed evidence of primary
      ovarian failure in addition to the hypothalamic deficit. We conclude that
      subcutaneous pulsatile GnRH administration is a simple, safe, and relatively
      inexpensive way to induce ovulation in patients with hypothalamic hypogonadism.

PMID- 6436160
TI  - Catecholamines and pituitary function. III. Restoration of the prolactin response
      to thyrotropin-releasing hormone by low-dose dopamine infusion in women with
      pathological hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - Previous studies in Rhesus monkeys have demonstrated that a dopamine (DA)
      infusion rate of 0.1 microgram/kg X min induces peripheral DA levels similar to
      those measured in hypophysial stalk blood and normalizes serum prolactin (PRL)
      levels in stalk-transected animals. We therefore examined the effect of such DA
      infusion rate on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated PRL
      secretion in both normal cycling women and women with pathological
      hyperprolactinemia. 0.1 microgram/kg X min DA infusion fully normalized PRL serum
      levels in 8 normal cycling women whose endogenous catecholamine synthesis had
      been inhibited by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) pretreatment. Furthermore, DA
      significantly reduced, but did not abolish, the rise in serum PRL concentrations
      induced by both acute 500 mg AMPT administration and 200 micrograms intravenous
      TRH injection in normal women. A significant reduction in serum PRL levels in
      response to 0.1 microgram/kg X min DA, similar to that observed in normal cycling
      women when expressed as a percentage of baseline PRL, was documented in 13
      amenorrheic patients with TRH-unresponsive pathological hyperprolactinemia.
      However, a marked rise was observed in the serum PRL of the same patients when
      TRH was administered during the course of a 0.1-microgram/kg X min DA infusion.
      The PRL response to TRH was significantly higher during DA than in basal
      conditions in hyperprolactinemic patients, irrespective of whether this was
      expressed as an absolute increase (delta PRL 94.4 +/- 14.2 vs. 17.8 +/- 14.1
      ng/ml, p less than 0.002) or a percent increase (delta% PRL 155.4 +/- 18.9 vs.
      17.9 +/- 7.1, p less than 0.0005), and there was a significant linear correlation
      between the PRL decrements induced by DA and the subsequent PRL responses to TRH.
      These data would seem to show that the 0.1-microgram/kg X min DA infusion rate
      reduces basal PRL secretion and blunts, but does not abolish, the PRL response to
      both TRH and acute AMPT administration. The strong reduction in PRL secretion and
      the restoration of the PRL response to TRH by 0.1 microgram/kg X min DA infusion
      in high majority of hyperprolactinemic patients, seem to indicate that both PRL
      hypersecretion and abnormal PRL response to TRH in women with pathological
      hyperprolactinemia are due to a relative DA deficiency at the DA receptor site of
      the pituitary lactotrophs.

PMID- 6436161
TI  - The postnatal demasculinization of sexual behavior in the Japanese quail
      (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - Three experiments were performed to analyze the time course of demasculinization
      in the Japanese quail and to test the activating and organizing effects of
      estradiol (E2) in adult sexually active birds. In Experiment 1, males and females
      were castrated at the age of 1 day or 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks and treated as adults
      with testosterone (T). The age of castration had no effect on behavior and
      morphology in males. Plasma gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) were, however, higher in
      males castrated at or before than in those castrated after 2 weeks of age. This
      suggests that postnatal testicular secretions have organizing effects on the
      pituitary activity. Females which were castrated before 1 week of age were less
      sensitive to the activating effects of T than males, but were not fully
      demasculinized. The demasculinization of different reproductive characteristics
      such as male sexual behavior, cloacal gland size, and weight of the syringeal
      muscles is achieved in females at different times posthatching. In Experiment 2,
      castration of male and female quail at the ages of 4 days or 4 weeks confirmed
      that postnatal ovarian secretions contribute to the full behavioral and
      morphological demasculinization of females. It is easier to elicit mounting in T
      treated females when they are tested in their home cage instead of a test arena.
      This difference was not observed in males. During Experiment 3, it was impossible
      to demasculinize sexually active adult males or females by treatment with
      Silastic implants of E2. E2 did not maintain sexual behavior in ovariectomized
      females showing male sexual behavior when treated with T but maintained the
      behavior in males.

PMID- 6436162
TI  - Altered brain metabolism of testosterone is correlated with reproductive decline
      in aging quail.
AB  - In aging quail, an increasing proportion of males show no sexual behavior. A
      decrease in the mean size of the tests, cloacal gland, and sternotracheal muscles
      is also observed. In both sexually active and inactive males, plasma testosterone
      decreases with age but more so in inactive birds. The behavioral and
      morphological changes observed during aging are correlated with shifts in the
      intracellular testosterone metabolism resulting in a change in the ratio of
      active versus inactive metabolites. In the hypothalamus there is a steady
      decrease with age of 5 beta-reductase activity in all birds and an increase in 5
      alpha-reductase activity only in the birds which remain sexually active. In the
      cloacal gland, the 5 beta-reductase activity markedly increases with age but more
      so in the birds which become sexually inactive. These data support the notion
      that the effects of testosterone are controlled by enzymatic shifts which could
      modulate the sensitivity to the hormone at the cellular level.

PMID- 6436163
TI  - Prospective payment.

PMID- 6436164
TI  - To PPO or not to PPO?

PMID- 6436165
TI  - Patient classification systems and the nursing department.

PMID- 6436166
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Neoplastic cells from 13 cases of hairy cell leukemia were investigated for
      immunoglobulin production and lysozyme activity by an electron-immunoperoxidase
      technique. In 10 cases cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were found, but lysozyme
      activity was absent in all cases. Immunoglobulins were detected in the
      perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and at the surface of hairy cells. Of
      the cases in which immunoglobulins were detected in hairy cells, nine were
      positive with IgM antiserum and one with IgG antiserum. The immunoglobulins were
      monoclonal in all cases; six were positive with lambda antiserum and three with
      kappa antiserum. The class and type of surface immunoglobulins were identical to
      those of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in the hairy cells. These results support
      the conclusion that hairy cells are commonly derived from immunoglobulin
      producing B cells at an earlier stage of differentiation than plasma cells.

PMID- 6436167
TI  - Diagnosis of infantile and juvenile forms of GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0.
      Residual activities toward natural and different synthetic substrates.
AB  - p-Nitrophenyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside, which is known
      to be a specific substrate for human hexosaminidase A, has recently been used
      successfully for diagnosis of variants B and B1 of GM2-gangliosidosis (Fuchs et
      al. 1983; Kytzia et al. 1983; Li et al. 1983). However, it is hydrolyzed by
      hexosaminidase S as well and is therefore not suitable for detection of patients
      with variant 0, who reach the normal range of activity toward this substrate.
      Assay of ganglioside GM2 cleaving activity in fibroblast extracts in the presence
      of the natural GM2 activator protein reveals residual hexosaminidase A activities
      of less than 2% of normal controls in two infantile and up to 7.5% in two
      juvenile patients with variant 0.

PMID- 6436168
TI  - Gaucher disease: the effects of phosphatidylserine on glucocerebrosidase from
      normal and Gaucher fibroblasts.
AB  - Glucocerebroside beta-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase) activity was assayed from
      cultured fibroblasts of normal individuals, and patients with type 1 (non
      neuropathic), type 2 (acute neuropathic), and type 3 (subacute neuropathic) form
      of Gaucher disease. Residual glucocerebrosidase activity of patients was 8.9 to
      17.4% of normal controls, and there was no clear correlation between the level of
      residual enzyme activity and the different clinical subtypes of the disease. When
      membrane-bound glucocerebrosidase activity was assayed in the presence of crude
      brain lipid extracts or purified phosphatidylserine, enzyme from both the normal
      and type 1 Gaucher fibroblasts was stimulated dramatically (35-60% by crude
      extracts, 85-90% by phosphatidylserine). This stimulation was not observed with
      fibroblast glucocerebrosidase of an infantile type 2 and two juvenile type 3
      Gaucher patients. The presence of inhibitors of glucocerebrosidase in these type
      2 and type 3 Gaucher cells was not detected. Contrary to the mutant enzyme from
      these Gaucher fibroblasts, glucocerebrosidase from fibroblasts of two adult type
      3 Gaucher patients with cerebral involvement was stimulated substantially (72
      85%) by phosphatidylserine. When membrane-bound glucocerebrosidase from
      fibroblasts of the infantile type 2 and juvenile type 3 patients was solubilized
      with sodium cholate (1% w/v) and delipidated, the phospholipid stimulation of
      enzyme activity was restored. These findings suggest that considerable clinical
      and biochemical heterogeneity exists among patients with neuropathic Gaucher
      disease and that phosphatidylserine activation cannot be used as a reliable
      indicator in predicting future onset of neurodegeneration in Gaucher patients.
      The possibility of an aberrant binding of mutant glucocerebrosidase to the
      lysosomal membrane in juvenile type 3 form of Gaucher disease is discussed.

PMID- 6436169
TI  - Adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine.
AB  - Clinical details of seven patients who suffered adverse reactions to N
      acetylcysteine as Parvolex are documented. Skin testing was carried out to
      diluted Parvolex, and its individual components N-acetylcysteine and
      ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, in five reacting patients and five patients who had
      received Parvolex with no ill-effects. Weal responses to high concentrations (20
      mg/ml) of acetylcysteine as Parvolex were significantly greater (p less than
      0.02) in reactors. There were no other significant differences between the
      groups. In two patients who reacted, the effects of intradermal Parvolex could be
      inhibited by prior therapy with the antihistamine terfenadine. These results
      suggest a 'pseudo-allergic' rather than an immunological aetiology for adverse
      reactions to Parvolex.

PMID- 6436170
TI  - Structural studies on acid beta-galactosidase from human placental tissue.

PMID- 6436171
TI  - Effect of trypsin inhibitors of Streptomyces griseus Cal. on blood clotting and
      fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6436172
TI  - Opsonic, cytotoxic, precipitating, blocking of bacterial adherence, and other
      activities of monoclonal IgE antibody compared with IgA and IgM.
AB  - Monoclonal IgE anti-TNP antibodies were compared with monoclonal anti-TNP, IgM
      and IgA isotypes in different biological reactions. The reaginic activity of IgE
      antibodies demonstrated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions and
      degranulation of mast cells was accompanied by a number of activities known to be
      associated with other isotypes. The occurrence of relatively high numbers of
      lymphoid cells and macrophages bearing Fc epsilon receptors suggests a possible
      role of IgE antibodies in host defence mechanisms acting systematically and/or
      locally on mucosal surfaces.

PMID- 6436173
TI  - Opposing effects of xid and nu mutations on proliferative and polyclonal antibody
      and autoantibody responses to peptidoglycan, LPS, protein A and PWM.
AB  - We have compared the in vitro and in vivo mitogenic and polyclonal antibody (IgM
      , IgG-, IgA- and anti-SRBC-secreting PFC) and autoantibody (IgM anti-ssDNA and
      anti-bromelin-treated mouse RBC-secreting PFC) responses to peptidoglycan (PG),
      LPS, protein A and PWM in homozygous xid or nu and normal mice. Our results
      demonstrated opposing effects of xid and nu on polyclonal B cell activation; in
      general, xid retarded and nu enhanced or did not change these responses. These
      effects, however, were greatly dependent on the in vitro or in vivo conditions of
      the stimulation and the type of polyclonal activator used and antibody assayed
      (isotype and specificity). In vitro, in xid mice, the numbers of all PFC assayed
      and proliferative responses were lower than in normal mice, whereas in nude mice
      the numbers of PFC were mostly unchanged, and proliferative responses were
      increased (PG, LPS) or decreased (protein A, PWM). The in vitro frequencies of
      autoantibody-secreting cells were similar (anti-DNA) in xid, nude and normal
      mice, or lower (anti-RBC) than normal in xid mice. In vivo, unstimulated xid mice
      had lower than normal numbers of IgM-, IgG- and autoantibody-secreting cells and
      higher numbers of IgA PFC, but in stimulated xid mice, the numbers of all Ig PFC
      were similar to normal, whereas anti-DNA and anti-RBC PFC were still depressed.
      The frequencies of anti-DNA and anti-RBC PFC were also lower than normal in xid
      mice in vivo. Nude mice in vivo had higher than normal numbers and frequencies of
      anti-DNA PFC and lower numbers of IgM and anti-SRBC PFC. These results indicate
      preferential retardation of autoantibody-secreting cells in xid mice in vivo and
      preferential enhancement of these cells in nude mice in vivo. Since in xid mice
      in vitro PG- and LPS-induced responses were similarly diminished, PG, like LPS,
      appears to primarily activate a late-maturing B cell subpopulation affected by
      the xid mutation.

PMID- 6436175
TI  - Effect of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene on DNA of livers of developing chick embryos.

PMID- 6436174
TI  - BALB/c antiarsonate idiotypes: gene complementation necessary for expression.
AB  - The expression of two idiotype (id) families (5AF6 and 3C6) associated with the
      BALB/c p-azophenylarsonate-specific antibody response was examined in 11 mouse
      strains. Eight strains produced some of one or the other of these two id families
      with the mean percent expression in the anti-Ar responses of id(+) strains
      ranging from 8 to 43% for the 5AF6 and from 2 to 10% for the 3C6 idiotype. Four
      strains of mice (C58, AKR, PL, and RF) thought to have Lyt-3.1-linked VL
      repertoire differences from other mouse strains (Lyt-3.2) were tested for their
      capacity to contribute to 5AF6 and 3C6 id expression. The RF strain was capable
      of producing 5AF6 id and small amounts of 3C6 id. Tests of Lyt-3.1 congenic
      strains C.AKR (AKR Lyt-3.1 on a BALB/c background) and C.C58 (C58 Lyt-3.1 on a
      BALB/c background) showed that C.AKR could produce 5AF6 id while C.C58 could not.
      3C6 id expression was present but depressed in C.C58 mice compared with the high
      3C6 id expression in C.AKR. Breeding studies mating C.C58 (bearing the required
      Igh-Ca-linked VH genes) to other 5AF6(-) strains showed that gene complementation
      could result in 5AF6 expression in F1 offspring. 5AF6(-) strains capable of
      complementation included CBA/J, C57BL/6J, AKR/J, and PL/J. C58/J (from which
      C.C58 were derived) was the only tested strain that failed to complement for 5AF6
      id expression. Additional matings between C58/J[5AF6(-)] and CBA/J[5AF6(-)]
      showed F1 offspring could produce 5AF6 id, indicating that C58/J can contribute
      functional VH genes necessary for 5AF6 id expression. Depressed expression of
      5AF6 and 3C6 id was noted in mice where the C58/J-derived Lyt-3.1 genotype was
      present. The possibility that the depression of 5AF6 and 3C6 id expression
      derived from C58/J mice was due to regulatory influences rather than a lack of
      the VL structural genes is discussed.

PMID- 6436176
TI  - Plasma LH, FSH, testosterone & LH response to GnRH during exercise in man.

PMID- 6436177
TI  - Metoclopramide and experimentally-induced gastric ulceration in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Anti-gastric activity of metoclopramide was studied in guinea pigs using three
      different models of gastric ulceration. The effect of metoclopramide on gastric
      acidity was also studied. It was observed that metoclopramide affords protection
      against all types of experimentally induced gastric ulceration, without affecting
      the gastric acid secretion. The protective effect, therefore, is probably due to
      its ability to promote gastric drainage and to prevent the pyloric reflux, thus
      preventing corrosive effects of bile and acid on the stomach mucosa.

PMID- 6436178
TI  - Level of serum and renal histamine and diamine oxidase activity in lead acetate
      treated rats.
AB  - The levels of histamine and Diamine oxidase activity in renal tissue and serum
      were determined in lead acetate treated rats. The results show a significant
      lowering in the level of renal histamine with a rise in diamine oxidase activity
      in serum as well as in renal tissue.

PMID- 6436179
TI  - Beneficial effect of Inula racemosa (pushkarmoola) in angina pectoris: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 6436180
TI  - Therapeutic reduction of ongoing carrageenin-induced inflammation by
      lipoxygenase, but not cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
AB  - A variety of steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAs) were
      compared for their effectiveness against a developing acute inflammatory
      reaction. Only BW 755C [3-amino-1-(m-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl-2-pyrazole] was
      immediately effective when administered 2 h after carrageenin, as the 3-h
      swelling was significantly reduced. Dexamethasone, a steroidal antiinflammatory
      agent, produced a delayed reduction. When administered at 2 h postcarrageenin,
      there was no effect at 3 h; but at 6 h, dexamethasone significantly reduced the
      swelling. In contrast, neither of the classic NSAs, aspirin or indomethacin, were
      effective when administered after the carrageenin. The results demonstrating a
      postcarrageenin effectiveness by BW 755C and dexamethasone are discussed as a
      possible reflection of an action on the lipoxygenase pathways of the arachidonic
      cascade that is not shared by the classic NSA.

PMID- 6436181
TI  - Age independent criteria for detection of PEM.

PMID- 6436182
TI  - A randomized double-blind investigation of cefroxadine (CGP 9000) versus
      cephalexin in urinary tract infection.
AB  - A total of 64 out-patients with significant urinary tract infection were randomly
      allocated to treatment with cefroxadine 250 mg q.i.d. or cephalexin 500 mg q.i.d.
      for ten days. Urine cultures were performed before allocation to the treatment
      groups and on Days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 21. Twenty patients discontinued treatment
      prematurely because of insignificant bacteriuria on Day 0. Both drug regimes--the
      cefroxadine dose was half that of cephalexin--showed good activity during
      treatment, and no statistically significant differences were found between the
      two drugs. At follow-up, several relapses were found in both treatment groups.
      Adverse drug reactions were only reported by three patients in the cefroxadine
      group, and by none in the cephalexin group.

PMID- 6436183
TI  - Cytolytic activity of interferon-gamma and its synergism with 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Highly purified natural or recombinant human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) was
      found to be directly cytolytic to certain tumor cell lines in vitro. Out of 5
      human tumor cell lines and one normal fibroblast line tested, the colon
      adenocarcinoma line HT-29 and the rhabdomyosarcoma line A673 were highly
      sensitive to cytolysis by interferon, as determined by 125I-iododeoxyuridine
      release in a 72 h microcytotoxicity assay. Cytolysis was marked at IFN-gamma
      concentrations of less than I U/ml, and it reached a near-maximal level at 6.4
      U/ml. A synergistic cytolysis on HT-29 cells of IFN-gamma and 5-fluorouracil (5
      FU) was observed at 5-FU concentrations ranging from 64 to 640 micrograms/ml. In
      contrast, no synergism was observed between IFN-gamma and mitomycin C. The direct
      cytolytic activity and synergistic cytolysis with 5-FU of the IFN-gamma
      preparations used in the present study were abolished completely by treatment
      with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific for human IFN-gamma.

PMID- 6436184
TI  - Palmar melanotic macules. A sign of neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Multiple melanotic macules of varying sizes were present on the palmar surfaces
      of 42 of 50 consecutive South Indian patients with von Recklinghausen's disease.
      The histologic characteristics of the macules showed localized areas of
      fingerlike prolongations of the rete ridges with increased pigmentation of the
      basal cells. This epidermal change overlies a small neurofibroma accompanied by
      thick-walled blood vessels in the reticular dermis. A clinicopathologic
      correlation of these palmar melanotic macules constitutes yet another frequent
      and specific marker of classical neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6436185
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis and gonococcal infections in prostitutes.
AB  - The influence of chemoprophylaxis on gonorrhoea has not been reported recently.
      777 prostitutes were interviewed and checked for evidence of chemoprophylaxis.
      The study showed that chemoprophylaxis does reduce the risk of gonococcal
      infections and that those who took penicillin chemoprophylaxis had a higher risk
      of Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) infections compared to
      those who took non-penicillin chemoprophylaxis and those who did not take any
      prophylaxis.

PMID- 6436186
TI  - Reimbursement for nosocomial infections under the prospective payment plan: the
      future or decline of infection control?

PMID- 6436187
TI  - Serratia marcescens contamination of antiseptic soap containing triclosan:
      implications for nosocomial infection.
AB  - During a recent investigation in our surgical intensive care unit, we found that
      several bottles of the antiseptic handwashing soap, OR Scrub, were contaminated
      with Serratia marcescens. OR Scrub contains 1% triclosan, lanolin, and
      detergents. The antimicrobial efficacy of OR Scrub was examined in vitro using
      serial two-fold dilutions of soap inoculated with various concentrations of
      different nosocomial pathogens. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of
      OR Scrub against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several strains of S. marcescens was
      less than or equal to 1:2. By comparison, a non-antiseptic soap from the same
      manufacturer (Wash) and 4% chlorhexidine (Hibiclens) had MBCs for all strains
      tested of at least 1:64. Time-kill curves confirmed the findings of the initial
      experiments. This is the first report of extrinsic contamination of antiseptic
      soap containing triclosan. No infections could be attributed to the contaminated
      soap, but sporadic outbreaks of Serratia have occurred in the intensive care unit
      with no identifiable source. Although there have been few studies on the impact
      of antiseptic soap in reducing nosocomial infection, we question whether a soap
      with the limitations of OR Scrub should be used in intensive care units or
      operating rooms.

PMID- 6436188
TI  - Effect of antiseptic agents on skin flora of the perineum of men with spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - Male patients with spinal cord injury are frequently colonized with P. aeruginosa
      and K. pneumoniae on the perineum. Regular bathing with bar soap has not
      influenced this colonization. We have attempted to remove these bacteria using
      antiseptic agents. The number of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and total aerobic
      bacteria on the perineum and the penile shaft was determined before and after
      cleaning with bar soap, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and pHresh. Povidone
      iodine and chlorhexidine had no advantage over bar soap or pHresh in the removal
      of P. aeruginosa or K. pneumoniae from the perineum of patients with spinal cord
      injury.

PMID- 6436189
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide-mediated corneal endothelial damage. Induction by oxygen free
      radical.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other inflammatory cells release superoxide
      anion and additional oxidant species following stimulation. Corneal endothelial
      cells were exposed to a flux of chemically generated superoxide anion (oxygen
      free radical) produced by the combination of 1 mM hypoxanthine and 0.06 U/ml
      xanthine oxidase. Exposure of endothelial cells to the combination of
      hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase resulted in anatomic disruption of the cells
      with interference in the function of endothelial water movement and resultant
      swelling of the corneal stroma. Catalase reduced the corneal swelling caused by
      exposure of endothelium to the oxygen-free radical generating system, whereas
      superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, D-mannitol, and ethanol did not prevent
      damage. The data suggest that hydrogen peroxide produced during the dismutation
      reaction of the superoxide anion is one of the toxic species, whereas the
      superoxide anion itself and the hydroxyl-free radical probably do not
      participate. The data suggest that corneal endothelial cells are susceptible to
      physiologic and anatomic damage induced by the products of reactive oxygen
      species, which, from previous studies, are known to be generated by inflammatory
      cells. The development of therapeutic modalities directed at the prevention of
      damage produced by hydrogen peroxide and other oxidant species may be of benefit
      in reducing corneal endothelial cell damage secondary to ocular inflammatory
      disease processes.

PMID- 6436190
TI  - Viscous corneal protection by sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and
      methylcellulose.
AB  - The authors' study of the viscosities of various concentrations of sodium
      hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and methylcellulose revealed that sodium
      hyaluronate and methylcellulose are pseudoplastic fluids in contrast to
      chondroitin sulfate, which is a Newtonian fluid. Pseudoplastic fluids are ideal
      for maintaining the anterior chamber, since they are more viscous at rest.
      Intermediate viscosity preparations of these three agents used as a thin
      endothelial coating gave excellent protection from intraocular lens abrasion. A
      highly viscous agent, eg, sodium hyaluronate 1%, in a thin layer produced
      extensive endothelial cell damage because it transmitted excessive shear force to
      the endothelium. A highly viscous agent, sodium hyaluronate 1% in a thick layer
      produced a physical barrier to compression with little endothelial damage. A low
      viscosity agent, balanced salt solution provided insufficient protection against
      intraocular lens abrasion.

PMID- 6436191
TI  - Undiagnosed phaeochromocytoma in a patient with Von Recklinghausen's
      neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6436192
TI  - Effects of diethylstilbestrol on human natural killer cells in vitro.
AB  - Exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in
      vitro resulted in inhibition of Natural Killer (NK) cell activity. DES inhibited
      NK activity in a dose and time-dependent manner with maximal effect after an 18 h
      exposure time. Significant reduction in cytotoxicity was obtained at
      concentrations of DES equal to or above 1 microM. The DES-induced inhibition of
      NK activity was reversible and totally abrogated within 18 h of culture in the
      absence of DES. Studies at the single cell level revealed that DES impaired the
      lytic activity of NK cells without interfering with recognition of target cells.
      The presence of indomethacin or aspirin during exposure to DES completely
      reversed the DES-induced inhibition of NK activity, indicating that a product of
      the cyclooxygenase system mediated the suppression.

PMID- 6436193
TI  - The illusion of the quick fix.

PMID- 6436194
TI  - Pulmonary aspiration in tube-fed patients with artificial airways.
AB  - Based on the results of this study, it appears that critically ill patients may
      receive nutritional supplements through the use of a small-gauge, flexible
      enteral feeding tube without significant danger of pulmonary aspiration. However,
      the potential for aspiration of tube feedings in any critically ill patient still
      exists, and further research in this area would contribute to a decrease in
      morbidity and mortality rates.

PMID- 6436195
TI  - The properties of meiotic gene conversion important in its effects on evolution.
AB  - In order to determine how important gene conversion is as a force in populations,
      extensive surveys have been made to determine the limits, distributions and
      typical values of evolution-related conversion parameters from various fungi,
      Drosophila and maize. The conversion frequency, c, had an enormous range for
      different mutations within a species, with loci often having different means and
      limits for c. b, the frequency of a particular allelle in the products of meiotic
      tetrads or octads with aberrant segregation ratios, often showed values near the
      theoretical extremes; d, disparity in direction of conversion, was frequent and
      often extreme. b and d could only be studied in fungi, and their less extreme
      values in Saccharomyces than in Sordaria or Ascobolus are clearly related to the
      lack of frame-shift mutations in the yeast data. For different mutations at a
      locus, neither c nor b showed normal distributions; both gave dispersed
      distributions, sometimes multi-modal for b; c and b were not usually correlated.
      y, the force of meiotic gene conversion on allele frequencies, had a large range
      of positive and negative values, with different loci often having quite different
      limits and mean absolute values. For different mutations at a locus, y showed
      dispersed distributions, with little tendency to cluster around zero. The high
      proportion of non-zero y values in all fungi where this could be studied, with
      large departures from zero being most extreme in Ascobolus and Sordaria
      brevicollis, shows that gene conversion could often be an important force in
      changing allele frequencies in favour of mutant or wild-type in these organisms.
      Even in organisms with much lower c or absolute d values, conversion could still
      be important, depending on dominance, selection coefficients and mutation rates.
      Presumed frame-shifts tended to have more extreme disparity and hence higher
      absolute y values than did presumed base-substitutions, but with no consistent c
      differences. Induced mutations had similar or slightly higher absolute y values
      compared with spontaneous mutations.

PMID- 6436196
TI  - Selective effects of the genetic background and ethanol on the alcohol
      dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Eight freshly caught Australasian mass collections ranging in Adh F frequency
      from 4 to 96 per cent were each divided into eight selection lines. Two selection
      lines from each base population were put on one of four types of medium-standard
      food supplemented with 0 per cent, 3 per cent, 6 per cent or 9 per cent ethanol.
      After 30 generations the tolerance of 6 per cent and 9 per cent selection lines
      on a test dose of 9 per cent ethanol was greater than that of the 0 per cent
      lines on this dose. The tolerance of the 3 per cent lines on this dose was less
      than that of the 0 per cent lines. There were no significant differences in the
      tolerance responses across the eight base populations but in only one did Adh
      frequencies diverge among the four ethanol selection environments: F frequencies
      in the Brisbane 9 per cent lines were higher than in the Brisbane 0 per cent, 3
      per cent and 6 per cent lines. Although the selection affecting Adh did not
      generally differ among the four selection environments, it differed highly
      significantly among the eight base populations. The equilibrium F frequencies
      predicted from the maximum likelihood estimates of the selection coefficients
      were in close agreement with the frequencies observed in the original
      collections. The only aspect of the coefficients which was consistent across base
      populations was FS heterozygote superiority.

PMID- 6436198
TI  - Complications of intraoperative radiation therapy.
AB  - The ability to demonstrate an improvement in therapeutic ratio is critical in
      assessing new treatment modalities; an evaluation of treatment complications is
      essential for this purpose. We have studied the severe complications occurring
      after treatment with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in patients with
      locally advanced carcinoma of the rectum. Four groups of patients were compared:
      Group 1 (80 patients) had treatment with surgery alone for mobile and resectable
      tumors; Group 2 (23 patients) had treatment with high dose preoperative
      irradiation followed by surgical resection for tumors which were fixed to
      adjacent structures and initially unresectable for cure; Group 3 (24 patients,
      primary disease) and Group 4 (17 patients, locally recurrent disease) had locally
      advanced tumors as in Group 2 but were treated with IORT after preoperative
      irradiation and attempted surgical resection. All but 3 complications occurred
      within one year of therapy. Severe complications were seen in 16% of patients in
      Group 1, 35% in Group 2, 21% in Group 3 and 47% in Group 4 (32% in Groups 3 and 4
      combined). There was a statistically insignificant increase (p = .10) in the
      complication rate in all irradiated patients (locally advanced tumors) compared
      to surgery alone (clinically mobile tumors). These data indicate no increase in
      severe complications with the use of IORT. If the ongoing studies continue to
      show improved local control with the use of IORT, expanded use of this modality
      may be warranted.

PMID- 6436197
TI  - Cytophotometric studies on cells from the ovaries of otu mutants of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Amounts of chromosomal DNA were estimated for Feulgen-stained, ovarian cells from
      flies carrying certain mutant alleles of the otu (ovarian tumor) gene. Epithelial
      sheath cells and lumen cells were found to contain the diploid (2C) amount of DNA
      and therefore served as internal, cytophotometric standards. Mitotically active
      follicle cells over young tumors from homozygous otu1 females contained either
      the 2C or 4C amounts of DNA; whereas, the tumor cell population contained 2C, 4C
      and 8C nuclei and many intermediate values. Egg chambers also occur in homozygous
      otu7 females. Follicle cells above these oocytes undergo a maximum of four cycles
      of endomitotic DNA replication. The accompanying nurse cells (PNC) contain
      polytene chromosomes. These undergo a maximum of 12 endonuclear replication
      cycles. The PNCs show the expected levels of DNA for the first 6 cycles and the
      fraction failing to replicate during subsequent cycles may be as small as 10%.
      Lower than expected levels of DNA were detected in PNCs from an otu1/otu3 ovary,
      reflecting roughly 20% underreplication. The latter PNCs may have been
      interrupted before DNA synthesis was concluded. No simple model of genomic
      underreplication accounts for the several different patterns of DNA behavior
      observed for various otu mutants.

PMID- 6436199
TI  - Postoperative irradiation in carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients received postoperative radiotherapy with curative intent
      following either radical prostatectomy (18 patients) or enucleative prostatectomy
      (10 patients). In patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, the indications for
      postoperative radiotherapy included positive margins in 13, "close" margins in 2,
      and seminal vesicle involvement in 3 patients. The majority of patients (82%)
      received total dose to the prostatic bed in excess of 6500 rad. In over 80% of
      the patients, the pelvic lymphatics are also treated (to a total dose of 4000
      5000 rad). Minimum follow-up is one year, maximum is 10 years, average 54 months,
      median 41 months. Local recurrence was observed in only 1 patient, who was
      treated post-enucleation. All of the patients irradiated after radical
      prostatectomy clinically remained disease-free locally. Approximately one-half of
      the patients in both the enucleation and radial prostatectomy groups developed
      evidence of distant metastases. The complications of treatment have been
      comparable to those in patients treated with radiotherapy only. The continence
      status has not been affected significantly. All patients (5 in the radical
      prostatectomy group and 2 in the enucleation group) with incontinence following
      completion of radiotherapy had documented impairment of continence prior to
      radiotherapy. Postoperative radiotherapy administered following either radical or
      enucleative prostatectomy was tolerated well and resulted in excellent local
      control.

PMID- 6436200
TI  - Extended field irradiation in the treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma
      involving biopsy proven para-aortic nodes.
AB  - Between November 1974 and November 1979, 15 patients with cervical carcinoma were
      treated with extended field irradiation for biopsy proven para-aortic lymph node
      (PALN) metastases. Treatment consisted of pelvic and para-aortic irradiation at a
      daily dose of 180 to 200 rad per day, delivering 4000 to 6000 rad to the pelvis
      and 4000 to 5000 rad to the para-aortic nodes. One or two intracavitary
      insertions each delivered an additional 2000 to 3500 rad to point A. The three
      year actual disease free survival for the 12 patients with Stage I and II disease
      was 50%. All six survivors remain alive without evidence of disease for 41 to 93
      months, with a mean and median follow-up of 65 months. All patients dying of
      disease did so within 26 months, all but one dying within one year. All patients
      with Stage III and IV are dead of disease. Pelvic disease was controlled in 11 of
      12 patients with Stage I or II disease, and in one of the three patients with
      Stage III and IV disease. There was no clinical indication of failure in the PALN
      in any patient. Nine patients failed with disseminated disease. Three of 15
      patients (20%) suffered serious treatment-related complications. Two of these
      were attributed to the pelvic irradiation, with one patient requiring a
      colostomy. Thus, complications resulting from the extended field irradiation were
      seen in only one patient (6.7%). There was no treatment related mortality.
      Extended field irradiation can lead to a 50% survival in patients with Stage I
      and II cervical carcinoma and PALN metastases, a survival comparable to that
      reported in patients with involved pelvic nodes.

PMID- 6436201
TI  - Postoperative radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the cecum using two
      fractions per day.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with adenocarcinoma of the cecum received post-operative
      local and regional radiation therapy, using two fractions per day. Six lesions
      were too extensive for any attempt at removal, and none of these was controlled
      by the irradiation. However, there have been no local recurrences among the 15
      who had all or most of the local tumor excised. This local control rate is
      significantly better than that reported for definitive surgery alone.

PMID- 6436202
TI  - Radiation induced failures of complementary metal oxide semiconductor containing
      pacemakers: a potentially lethal complication.
AB  - New multi-programmable pacemakers frequently employ complementary metal oxide
      semiconductors (CMOS). This circuitry appears more sensitive to the effects of
      ionizing radiation when compared to the semiconductor circuits used in older
      pacemakers. A case of radiation induced runaway pacemaker in a CMOS device is
      described. Because of this and other recent reports of radiation therapy-induced
      CMOS type pacemaker failure, these pacemakers should not be irradiated. If
      necessary, the pacemaker can be shielded or moved to a site which can be shielded
      before institution of radiation therapy. This is done to prevent damage to the
      CMOS circuit and the life threatening arrythmias which may result from such
      damage.

PMID- 6436203
TI  - Analysis of failure following curative irradiation of gallbladder and
      extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder (GB-4 patients) or extrahepatic
      bile ducts (EHBD-16 patients) received radiation therapy with curative intent
      between January, 1980 and December, 1982. All 20 received 4500-5000 rad in 180
      200 rad fractions to the tumor and regional lymph nodes. A 1000 to 1500 rad
      external beam boost was delivered in 180-200 rad fractions in 10 patients who
      received external beam alone or concomitant 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Three of the
      four GB and 5 of the 16 EHBD patients received a transcatheter boost with 192
      Iridium (192Ir) to a dose of 2000-2500 rad calculated at a 0.5-0.1 cm radius. An
      additional 2 patients with EHBD lesions received an intraoperative electron
      (IORT) boost of 1500-2000 rad in one fraction calculated to the 90% isodose.
      Survival and patterns of failure were analyzed by site and treatment method. All
      four patients with GB carcinoma are dead of disease at 5 1/2, 6, 9 and 10 months
      from the date of diagnosis respectively. Three of the four developed diffuse
      peritoneal carcinomatosis. Five of the 16 patients with EHBD carcinoma are alive
      with a median follow-up of 18 months (range 6-23 months). Four of the 5 patients
      received a transcatheter 192Ir or IORT boost and all are without evidence of
      disease. Four of 9 patients who had a subtotal resection with transection of
      tumor, dilatation of the bile ducts with probes or curettement of the bile ducts
      developed either diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis (3 patients) or a recurrence
      in the surgical scar (2 patients). Local failure was documented in 3 of the nine
      patients treated with external beam alone +/- 5-FU, and has been documented in
      one of the seven patients who received an IORT or transcatheter 192Ir boost.
      Further experience is necessary to determine whether this aggressive treatment
      will result in long-term disease-free survival in these patients.

PMID- 6436204
TI  - Incidence and control of occult neck node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma
      of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
AB  - Cervical lymph node metastases developed in 45% of patients with T1N0 squamous
      cell carcinomas of the oral tongue in spite of local control of the primary
      lesions in 79%. The control rate for the neck of those who converted from a
      negative to a positive neck (N0-N+) was 33%. Neck node metastases developed in
      49% of patients with T2N0 tumors. The control rate of the primary tumor was 32%,
      and the control rate of the neck of those whose neck nodes converted (N0-N+) was
      16%. Neck node metastases developed in 42% of patients with T3N0 tumors. The
      control rate of the primary tumors was 33%, and the control rate of the neck of
      those who converted (N0-N+) was 7%. The development of neck node metastases in
      patients after treatment of the primary tongue carcinoma is of grave prognostic
      significance. The use of elective treatment to the neck at initial treatment can
      prevent metastases in the neck from developing if the primary tumor is under
      control.

PMID- 6436205
TI  - Unilateral radiation nephropathy--the long-term significance.
AB  - Eighteen patients with gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma received abdominal radiotherapy as their primary treatment. Each patient
      received a total tumor dose of 2200 to 4500 cGy in 5 to 9 weeks to the whole or
      half of one kidney. Nine patients developed unilateral radiation nephropathy
      demonstrable on post-treatment evaluation with 99m Tc glucoheptonate blood flow,
      delayed static scan, and an I-131 radio-hippurate renal perfusion study. The
      tests were periodically repeated over periods ranging from 5 to 8 years. Six
      patients with nephropathy and 4 patients without nephropathy were followed 5
      years or longer. The minimum nephro-pathogenic irradiation dose was 2200 cGy
      delivered in 59 days. The incidence of nephropathy is higher with increase in the
      total dose. Short term recovery in function was observed in 3 patients and long
      term complete recovery was observed in one patient. Atrophic renal change was
      irreversible and progressive in 3 patients over a 6 to 7 year follow-up period.
      In this group of patients, an abnormal creatinine clearance and serum beta-2
      microglobulin level was indicative of vascular damage. Elevated arterial blood
      pressure was seen in 5 patients. All were controlled medically, without
      nephrectomy. There was no other clinically significant problem resulting from the
      unilateral nephropathy in this group of patients.

PMID- 6436206
TI  - Symptomatic radiation-induced pericarditis in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - This is a retrospective review of 193 evaluable patients treated with radiation
      therapy to the mediastinum for Stages I, II and III-A Hodgkin's disease. Eligible
      patients were those receiving 3000 rad or more to the mediastinum and no
      chemotherapy prior to the radiation. During the study period, 13 patients
      developed symptomatic pericarditis. The interval post treatment to the
      development of symptoms was six to 34 months. The incidence of pericarditis was
      studied as a function of: (1) the dose of radiation at a depth of 2 cm, 5 cm and
      the midplane of the mediastinum; (2) the ratio of anterior to posterior weighting
      of dose; (3) the presence or absence of intrathoracic tumor; (4) the size of the
      tumor when present; and (5) the fraction of the heart exposed to the radiation
      beam. There was a significant increase in the incidence of pericarditis with an
      increased dose of radiation at 2 cm, 5 cm and midplane depths and also with the
      presence of a large intrathoracic tumor. A reduction in mediastinal dose is
      recommended.

PMID- 6436207
TI  - Electron arc therapy: clinical experience with chest wall irradiation.
AB  - In order to overcome the technical problems commonly encountered in fixed field
      photon and electron beam chest wall irradiation, we have treated the chest wall
      in 22 breast cancer patients with a moving electron beam that rotates about the
      patient's thorax. This paper discusses the clinical results of chest wall
      treatment by electron arc therapy. Twenty-one patients were treated following
      mastectomy, 16 electively because of high risk for local failure, and 5 because
      of local recurrence. One patient with advanced local-regional disease was treated
      primarily. During a median follow-up period of 24 months there has been one chest
      failure in one of the patients treated for local recurrence. No major
      complications were observed in skin, lung, soft tissue or esophagus, even in the
      7 patients recently or concomitantly treated with multiagent cytotoxic
      chemotherapy. In 3 patients, small areas of telangiectasia developed in the
      region of abutment of the electron arc field to a photon field used to irradiate
      the supraclavicular nodal area. We conclude that the technique as applied to
      these patients is safe and efficacious. In certain clinical settings it has
      advantage over standard, fixed field approaches to treat the chest wall.

PMID- 6436208
TI  - Type of lung injury influences the thermal-dye estimation of extravascular lung
      water.
AB  - To determine the effect of the type of lung injury on the thermodilution
      estimation of extravascular lung water, we produced pulmonary edema in 25
      anesthetized dogs by injection of alloxan or alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) into
      the pulmonary circulation or by instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCI) into the
      airway. HCl injury was bilateral, unilateral with tidal volume equal in each
      lung, or unilateral with equal airway pressure. Extravascular thermal volume
      (ETV) was measured at base line and 4 h after lung injury, and the final
      measurement was compared with the postmortem determination of extravascular lung
      mass (ELM). In 11 of 15 animals with HCl injury final ETV was less than the base
      line measurement. The ratio of final ETV to ELM for all HCl animal (group I)
      averaged 0.31 +/- 0.14, which was different from the value for animals with
      alloxan or ANTU injury (group II), 1.04 +/- 0.14 (P less than 0.01).
      Extravascular lung water per gram of blood-free dry tissue was not different for
      the two groups (8.1 +/- 1.2 and 8.7 +/- 2.6 for I and II, respectively),
      indicating equally severe lung injury; however, shunt fraction was less in group
      I (P less than 0.01). ETV/ELM correlated with the shunt fraction for group I (r =
      0.70) but not for group II (r = 0.32). These findings indicate that ETV
      underestimates lung water after HCl injury due to the redistribution of pulmonary
      blood flow away from edematous areas.

PMID- 6436209
TI  - Lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase, and glycogen after prolonged physical activity.
AB  - The effect of strenuous exercise on lipoprotein level and composition as well as
      on lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) and glycogen stores in skeletal muscle was
      studied in 16 healthy young men after military field maneuvers. Body weight was
      reduced by 1 kg after the maneuvers and was gradually restored during a 5-day
      recovery phase. Glycogen levels were reduced by 50% and LPLA increased threefold
      immediately after the exercise, and neither were restored until 3-5 days of
      recovery. Serum triglycerides were decreased by about 50% after 1 day of recovery
      and the cholesterol concentration in high-density lipoproteins increased but only
      immediately after exercise. In contrast, the apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, the
      main protein constituents, were both decreased and remained so for 3-5 days. The
      results indicate that significant alterations of plasma lipoprotein level and
      composition as well as of muscle metabolism occur after prolonged physical
      exertion and that some changes are still evident after 5 days of recovery.

PMID- 6436210
TI  - CO2 and mechanical factors reduce blood flow in a collapsed lung lobe.
AB  - Left lower lobe-to-total blood flow ratio (Ql/QT) was measured with
      electromagnetic flow probes in anesthetized open-chest dogs. There was a 66%
      reduction in Ql/QT during lobar collapse, a 53% reduction during lobar
      ventilation hypoxia with pulmonary venous PO2 and PCO2 equal to mixed venous
      tensions, and a 45% reduction during a similar degree of ventilation hypoxia but
      with normal end-tidal PCO2. We concluded that the reduction in blood flow during
      lobar collapse is due predominantly to hypoxic vasoconstriction, but that this
      mechanism is augmented by the raised PCO2 and mechanical factors present during
      collapse.

PMID- 6436211
TI  - Cardiodynamic variables and ventilation during treadmill exercise in ponies.
AB  - We assessed the relationship of ventilation (VE) to cardiodynamic variables and
      CO2 transport in seven normal ponies during treadmill exercise. At 1.8, 3, and 6
      mph, respectively, VE increased from 15 l/min at rest to 43, 51, and 86 l/min by
      1 min and 48, 68, and 125 l/min by 8 min. In three ponies at the same work loads,
      cardiac output (Qc) increased from approximately 12 l/min at rest to 19.7, 28.1,
      and 40.3 l/min between 30-60 s (P less than 0.05) and then decreased by about 20%
      to a steady state by 3-4 min. Heart rate (HR) shows a similar biphasic response
      during exercise. Mean right ventricular pressure (MRVBP) increased from 9.9 to
      15.9 Torr at 1.8 mph, 15.2 Torr at 3 mph, and 23.5 Torr at 6 mph by 1 min (P less
      than 0.05) and then decreased to 11.8, 12.2, and 15.8 Torr by 8 min of the three
      respective work intensities. At all work loads, VE increased proportionately
      faster than these cardiovascular variables in the 1st min. For example, at 6 mph
      VE increased 470%, whereas Qc and HR increased only 230%. Thereafter, VE
      generally continued to increase at 3 and 6 mph, whereas MRVBP, Qc, and HR
      decreased. Therefore, the basic assumption of a cardiodynamic hyperpnea that VE
      and Qc are equivalently coupled at the exercise onset is rejected for this
      species. Mixed venous CO2 content (C-vCO2) at 3 and 6 mph, respectively,
      decreased slightly from 61.6 and 62.3 vol% at rest to 59.6 and 61.9 vol% by 45 s
      and then increased to 63.3 and 63.5 vol% by 7 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6436212
TI  - Pulmonary neutrophil kinetics after thrombin-induced intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that neutrophils are required for the development
      of increased lung vascular permeability after thrombin-induced pulmonary
      microembolization. In this study, we examined neutrophil kinetics and uptake in
      the sheep lung before and after lung vascular injury. Sheep neutrophils were
      isolated by a Percoll-gradient method and labeled with indium-111 oxine. A
      maximum lung activity of 40% of the injected indium-111 neutrophil activity was
      attained 8-12 min after the injection. The calculated half-lives of both
      circulating and pulmonary neutrophils were 700 min. The rate of washout of
      labeled neutrophils from the lungs was the same as the loss of the peripheral
      blood activity, indicating removal of neutrophils from the lung and blood by a
      common pathway (e.g., liver and spleen). Intravenous infusion of alpha-thrombin
      resulted in an immediate uptake of neutrophils of 14% above the base-line
      activity. The increased uptake was associated with an immediate decrease in the
      blood activity, indicating sequestration of the neutrophils in the pulmonary
      circulation. The neutrophil uptake after alpha-thrombin was transient, reaching a
      maximum 15 min after infusion. Neutrophil uptake did not occur with alpha
      thrombin (which lacks the fibrinogen recognition site), suggesting that the
      uptake was secondary to intravascular coagulation. An increase in the pulmonary
      blood volume cannot explain the increased neutrophil sequestration because
      pulmonary blood volume determined by [99mTc]pertechnetate-labeled erythrocytes
      did not increase after the alpha-thrombin infusion. Therefore, alpha-thrombin
      results in a transient neutrophil sequestration in the lung, and the response is
      secondary to the intravascular coagulation induced by the alpha-thrombin.

PMID- 6436213
TI  - Actions of lipoxygenase metabolites in isolated rat lungs.
AB  - Leukotrienes constrict smooth muscle and could be important for the regulation of
      the pulmonary circulation. We examined the production and action of lipoxygenase
      metabolites in isolated lungs, where we controlled the perfusing fluid used.
      Arachidonate injected into isolated rat lungs perfused with cell- and protein
      free physiological salt solution caused a transient pressor response. Following
      indomethacin, arachidonate caused a delayed slow pressure rise followed by edema.
      The lung effluent contracted the guinea pig ileum. High-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the perfusate demonstrated the presence of
      leukotrienes (LTC4 and LTD4). Diethylcarbamazine, a leukotriene synthesis
      inhibitor, prevented the slow pressure rise and edema seen after indomethacin
      plus arachidonate. In lungs perfused with cell- and protein-free physiological
      salt solution, LTC4, but not LTD4, caused a transient pressure rise followed by a
      sustained pressure rise. The sustained rise was abolished by a leukotriene
      receptor blocker (FPL 55712) but not by indomethacin. In blood-perfused lungs,
      LTC4 caused only the transient pressure rise that was not blocked by FPL 55712.
      In lungs perfused with physiological salt solution containing albumin, LTC4 had
      no effect. We concluded that 1) perfused nonsensitized rat lungs produced LTC4
      and LTD4; 2) LTC4 may be a major pulmonary vasoconstrictor; and 3) albumin
      binding limits the pressor effect of LTC4.

PMID- 6436214
TI  - Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh--Curtis syndrome). A review and case presentation.
AB  - Perihepatitis, or Fitz-Hugh--Curtis syndrome (FHC), is a complication of pelvic
      inflammatory disease (PID). Although though in the past Neisseria gonorrhoeae was
      thought to be the only etiological agent, recent data indicate that chlamydia
      trachomatis can produce the syndrome. Because cervical cultures frequently fail
      to demonstrate the presence of C. trachomatis, the serologic
      microimmunofluorescence antibody test is essential to diagnosis; the antibody
      titer in FHC syndrome is markedly higher than in PID without FHC syndrome. The
      classic presenting symptom of perihepatitis is severe right upper quadrant
      abdominal pain. If unnecessary diagnostic and surgical procedures are to be
      avoided, the FHC syndrome in the sexually active young woman must be included in
      the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain irrespective of its location. To
      illustrate the diagnosis and management of the FHC syndrome caused by C.
      trachomatis, a case of a 16-year-old adolescent female is presented.

PMID- 6436215
TI  - Protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses in California.
AB  - Three cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis were diagnosed over a 12-month
      period in horses that had never left the state of California. These cases suggest
      that the disease is enzootic in California.

PMID- 6436216
TI  - Cross-links between stereocilia in the guinea pig organ of Corti, and their
      possible relation to sensory transduction.
AB  - Hair cells of the guinea pig cochlea were preserved for electron microscopic
      examination by fixing in glutaraldehyde without the use of osmium. An extensive
      array of cross-links was seen between the stereocilia, by both scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. The stereocilia were linked together laterally,
      particularly near their apical ends, by links running approximately at right
      angles to the long axis of the stereocilia. One set joined stereocilia of the
      same row, and another set joined stereocilia of the different rows, holding the
      tips of the shorter stereocilia in towards the longer stereocilia of the next
      row. In addition, the tip of each shorter stereocilium on the hair cell gave rise
      to a single, upwards-pointing link, which ran up to join the taller stereocilium
      of the next row. We suggest that distortion of this link would give rise to
      sensory transduction. On this basis, we are able to explain the V shape of the
      rows of stereocilia on outer hair cells. Within the rows, the three-dimensional
      arrangement of the stereocilia was different from that seen conventionally.
      Rather than standing parallel, the stereocilia of the different rows tapered in
      together at the tips, presumably held by the laterally-running cross-links. In
      addition, a membrane roughness, particularly pronounced in the region of the
      stereocilium which gives rise to the cross-links, was seen. However, the lateral
      and basal surface membranes of the hair cell, and the membranes of the internal
      organelles, had a more conventional appearance.

PMID- 6436217
TI  - Genetic, environmental and interaction effects on lifetime production efficiency
      of crossbred ewes.
AB  - A total of 399 crossbred ewes born in 2 yr were maintained either on irrigated or
      dryland hill pastures. The ewes were sired by North Country Cheviot, Dorset,
      Finnsheep or Romney rams mated to Suffolk or Columbia-type ewes. The crossbred
      ewes were mated to Hampshire rams throughout the study and had the opportunity
      for either 4 or 5 yr of production. Annual feed cost was calculated based upon
      estimated annual metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance, ewe
      growth, pregnancy and lactation. Income from weaned feeder lambs and from orphan
      lambs sold shortly after birth, feed cost and net revenue were analyzed during
      each ewe's first production year, as well as for the entire period of the
      experiment. Crossbred group significantly affected income from lambs produced,
      feed cost and net revenue for the ewes' first production year. Crossbred group
      and crossbred group X management system interactions generally influenced
      lifetime income from lambs produced and from orphans sold, gross income, total
      cost and net revenue per ewe. Finnsheep X Suffolk ewes performed best on
      irrigated pastures but were below average for lifetime net revenue on hill
      pastures. Finnsheep X Columbia ewes performed best on hill pastures and, with
      Dorset X Suffolk and Dorset X Columbia ewes, were well above average for lifetime
      net revenue on irrigated pastures as well. Suffolk crossbreds consistently
      performed better on irrigated than on hill pastures. While most ewes with
      Columbia-type inheritance were more efficient on hill than on irrigated pastures,
      this result was not always consistent.

PMID- 6436218
TI  - Phenotypic relationships among early life traits and lifetime ewe production
      efficiency.
AB  - In least-squares analyses of variance, 10 ewe lamb traits were used, singly and
      in various combinations, to predict lifetime production efficiency. Ewes belonged
      to eight crossbred groups and were raised on two management systems for either 4
      or 5 yr of production. Lifetime production efficiency components were total feed
      and ewe ownership cost, gross income and net revenue. A ewe lamb's type of birth,
      actual and adjusted weaning weight (WWt and AWWt), postweaning weight (PWWt) and
      first year gross income (FGROS) were significantly phenotypically related to one
      or more components of lifetime production efficiency. While triplets were better
      than either of the other two birth types, single-born ewes were better than twin
      born ewes for lifetime production efficiency. Any of the three ewe lamb weights
      (AWWt, WWt or PWWt) appeared to be an accurate estimator of lifetime production
      efficiency. The effect of first year productivity was largely a part-whole
      relationship with lifetime production because the regression coefficients of
      subsequent lifetime production efficiency (not including first year production)
      on first year productivity were near zero. Postweaning average daily gain, ewe
      age at first estrus and date of first lambing (at approximately 12 mo of age) did
      not have significant relationships with lifetime production efficiency. When type
      of birth, date of birth, weaning weight and first year gross income were analyzed
      simultaneously, weaning weight and FGROS had the greatest effect on lifetime
      production efficiency. When AWWt and type of birth were considered
      simultaneously, both had significant relationships with lifetime production
      efficiency.

PMID- 6436219
TI  - The effect of selection in retrospect on lifetime production efficiency in sheep.
AB  - Within 32 crossbred group-management system-birth year subgroups, "selection in
      retrospect" was practiced based upon several ewe lamb traits, singly or in
      combination, to assess what the effect of such selection would have been on ewe
      lifetime production efficiency. Ewes were from two birth years, eight crossbred
      groups and two management systems. Ewe's type of birth, date of birth, actual and
      adjusted weaning weight (WWt and AWWt), postweaning weight (PWWt) and first yr
      gross income (FGROS) were the ewe lamb traits involved in the single trait paper
      selection schemes. Only the ewe lamb weights (WWt, AWWt and PWWt) caused a
      significant increase in the production efficiency of selected populations over
      those of the corresponding unselected populations. When postweaning weight was
      used jointly with the ewe's type of birth in an independent culling level
      selection scheme, both the group composed of heavier multiple-born ewes and the
      group composed primarily of single-born ewes were more productive than the group
      composed of lighter weight multiple-born ewes. Backward selection of the elite
      ewes having the best production efficiency also showed that the heavier the ewe
      lamb, the more efficient she was expected to be. Examination of ewes surviving
      the entire duration of the experiment failed to identify any early life trait
      that predicted longevity. Furthermore, surviving ewes were equally variable in
      their early life traits to the populations at large. Longevity, however, was
      positively related to lifetime efficiency.

PMID- 6436220
TI  - Production of estradiol by each ovary during the estrous cycle of cows.
AB  - The objective of our experiment was to examine changes in serum concentrations of
      estradiol in each utero-ovarian vein before, during and after gonadotropin
      surges. Four cows were given prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) during diestrus
      and three cows were allowed to cycle spontaneously. All cows had a cannula in
      each utero-ovarian vein and in one jugular vein. Most cows had two transient
      rises in estradiol, primarily coming from a single ovary, preceding and after
      luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. The first rise in estradiol began after luteal
      regression and was sustained from 48 h before a pre-ovulatory LH surge to the end
      of the LH surge. The second rise in estradiol was sustained from 72 to 168 h
      after the end of an LH surge. To determine how rapidly asymmetrical production of
      estradiol began during luteolysis, several cows were injected with PGF2 alpha
      during the luteal phase. Blood samples were taken from a jugular and both utero
      ovarian veins at hourly intervals before and after PGF2 alpha. Asymmetrical
      production of estradiol began within 3 h after an injection of PGF2 alpha. We
      concluded: (1) that a single ovary was responsible for the sustained increases in
      concentration of estradiol that occur during proestrus to estrus and early
      diestrus in cows and (2) that cows may have at least one follicle capable of
      producing estradiol during most days of an estrous cycle, thus little delay in
      selection of which follicle eventually ovulates occurs after luteal regression.

PMID- 6436221
TI  - Identification of streptococci in a medical laboratory.
AB  - A total of 965 cultures of streptococci received at a reference unit for
      identification were examined with API-20 Strep kits and also by established
      methods. The API method, although it needed to be supplemented with additional
      tests, largely overcame the difficulty that pyogenic streptococci are usually
      identified by their serological reactions and that biochemical tests are used for
      the identification of the other streptococci. Representatives of at least 24
      established or possible species were identified.

PMID- 6436222
TI  - Emergence and development of resistance to antimicrobial chemicals and heat in
      spores of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The emergence and development of chemical and thermal resistance in spores of
      Bacillus subtilis was examined. The chemicals studied were of the disinfectant
      type: glutaraldehyde, hypochlorite, hypochlorite-methanol and povidone-iodine.
      Growth and sporulation were followed by electron microscopy and resistance
      assigned to specific stages in relation to 45Ca and DPA accumulation. A
      sequential development of resistance was observed with thermal resistance
      appearing first at early Stage V corresponding to maturation of cortex and
      deposition of rudimentary spore coat material. Chemical resistance coincided with
      middle to late Stage V dependent on the chemical concerned. A progressive
      development of resistance was observed on prolonged incubation in sporulation
      medium and was affected by inclusion of lysozyme in the spore washing sequence.

PMID- 6436223
TI  - Production and properties of a bacteriocin from Myxococcus coralloides D.
AB  - Myxococcus coralloides D was found to produce a substance with a narrow range of
      antibacterial activity. This substance was produced during the exponential growth
      phase and was not inducible by ultraviolet light or mitomycin C treatment. The
      bacteriocin was precipitable by ammonium sulphate, and showed resistance to heat
      (100 degrees C for 10 min), trypsin, lysozyme, beta-glucuronidase, DNase, RNase,
      acetone, ethyl ether, urea and mercaptoethanol; it was partially destroyed by
      pronase and inactivated at extreme pH values. Electron microscopy did not reveal
      any phage-like particles associated with bacteriocin activity.

PMID- 6436224
TI  - Effect of various gas atmospheres on the growth and survival of Campylobacter
      jejuni on beef.
AB  - Pieces of fresh beef were inoculated with three strains of Campylobacter jejuni.
      The meat was then allocated to three treatments: (a) vacuum packaged, (b)
      packaged in an atmosphere of 20% CO2 + 80% N2, and (c) packaged into sterile
      Petri dishes in anaerobic cultivation boxes, which were filled with a gas mixture
      of 5% O2 + 10% CO2 + 85% N2. The packaging material in the first two treatments
      was PA 80/PE 100-PE 100/PA 80/PE 100. The survival of Campylobacter cells was
      followed at 37 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 48 h, 4 days and 25
      days, respectively. At 37 degrees C the counts of two Campylobacter strains
      increased in each package treatment for 48 h. At 20 degrees C and at 4 degrees C
      the counts of the same two strains decreased by 1 to 2 log units and 0.5 to 1 log
      unit, respectively, during storage. The survival of the two strains was about the
      same in all package treatments. The third strain was the most sensitive of the
      strains studied. At 37 degrees C its numbers increased only in the optimal gas
      atmosphere; at 20 degrees C the strain was not detectable after 24 to 48 h
      storage and at 4 degrees C after 4 days storage. The aerobic plate counts were
      determined for all samples at the same time as Campylobacter counts. The high
      indigenous bacterial numbers of the meat samples did not appear to have a great
      effect on the survival or growth of campylobacters.

PMID- 6436225
TI  - Infection and intravenous catheters.

PMID- 6436226
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamase as a defence against azlocillin,
      mezlocillin and piperacillin.
AB  - Azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin are weak substrates for the chromosomal
      beta-lactamase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and hydrolysis kinetics were
      calculated. Enzyme function in the living cell was studied by comparing
      antibiotic activity against a typical Ps. aeruginosa strain with inducible beta
      lactamase expression with antibiotic activity against beta-lactamase uninducible
      and constitutive mutants. The inducible organism was less sensitive than its
      uninducible mutant to all three agents; this difference was more apparent at high
      inocula than low and in broth than in agar. These differences involved both
      enzyme induction and selection of genotypically enzyme derepressed variants. The
      penicillins were not, however, efficient beta-lactamase inducers at low
      concentrations and their activity against the inducible organism was antagonized
      by more potent inducers. Secondary inducers did not antagonize antibiotic
      activity against beta-lactamase uninducible and constitutive organisms. The beta
      lactamase constitutive mutants were highly resistant to the three antibiotics
      tested.

PMID- 6436227
TI  - The relative merits and drawbacks of new nucleoside analogues with clinical
      potential.
AB  - A large number of nucleoside analogues have been found to have antiviral
      activity, mainly against herpesviruses. The involvement of cellular as well as
      viral enzymes in the mode of action of several nucleoside analogues makes a
      prediction of clinical efficacy difficult. The possibility and consequences of
      incorporation into cellular DNA are other important aspects of nucleoside
      analogues as antiviral drugs. It seems likely that in the next few years enough
      knowledge about mechanism of action, consequences of incorporation into DNA,
      efficacy in different test systems and in clinical trials will accumulate to
      allow an understanding of how to design even better antiviral drugs.

PMID- 6436228
TI  - Alteration of the substrate specificity of Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase
      by modification with polyethylene glycol.
AB  - beta-Galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) purified
      from Aspergillus oryzae was modified with 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine derivatives
      of polyethylene glycol (activated BPEG) having molecular weights of 600, 1500,
      2000, and 4000. Polyethylene glycol derivatives were attached to 6 of the 12
      amino groups exposed on the surface of the enzyme. Upon modification, the
      enzymatic activity for a water-soluble substrate, o-nitrophenyl beta-D
      galactopyranoside, was reduced with increasing molecular weight of the activated
      BPEG. On the contrary, the enzymatic activity for another substrate, 4
      methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, was increased upon modification. The
      Michaelis constants of native and modified enzymes for these two substrates were
      virtually the same. The effect of the modification was more marked in the
      enzymatic hydrolysis of the beta-galactosidic bond of amphipathic substrates. A
      fluorescent analog of naturally occurring galactocerebroside, 1-O-galactosyl-2-N
      (1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl)-sphingosine, was hydrolyzed more rapidly
      by the modified enzyme than by the native one. The enzyme modified with activated
      BPEG of 1500 Da had the highest activity for this substrate. The beta
      galactosidic bond of the terminal galactose of GM1-ganglioside
      (II3NeuAcGgOse4Cer, galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminosyl)
      galactosyl -glucosylceramide) was cleaved by the modified but not by the native
      enzyme.

PMID- 6436229
TI  - A fluorometric method for dipeptidase activity measurement in urine, using L
      alanyl-L-alanine as substrate.
AB  - A new method for the measurement of urinary dipeptidase activity is described.
      The action of dipeptidase on L-Ala-L-Ala results in production of an L-alanine,
      and this amino acid is simultaneously determined by an L-alanine dehydrogenase
      diaphorase system. As urinary substances do not affect this reaction, the
      measurement can be accomplished without prior dialysis. The mean value +/- S.D.
      for normals was found to be 12.0 +/- 4.4 IU/g of creatinine. Elevated values were
      found in chronic nephritis (55.9 +/- 35.0 IU/g of creatinine, P less than 0.001
      vs. normal), acute nephritis (46.6 +/- 29.9 IU/g of creatinine, P less than
      0.001), and nephrotic syndrome (43.3 +/- 36.5 IU/g of creatinine, P less than
      0.001). The dipeptidase activity thus measured showed a significant correlation
      with dipeptidase activity against L-Leu-L-Leu as substrate. On disc
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the urinary dipeptidase of a patient with
      chronic nephritis appeared as one band with similar mobility to human kidney
      dipeptidase F. Urinary dipeptidase in a patient with chronic nephritis was
      identical to human kidney dipeptidase on double immunodiffusion analysis.

PMID- 6436230
TI  - Isolation and characterization of human placenta fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin was isolated from human placenta tissues and compared with human
      plasma fibronectin. Placenta and plasma fibronectins had similar amino acid
      compositions, immunological properties, and cell attachment-promoting activities,
      but differed in apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which could be accounted for at least partly
      by the difference in carbohydrate composition. Unlike plasma fibronectin,
      placenta fibronectin failed to form a precipitin line with concanavalin A in a
      double diffusion system. The non- or low-reactivity of placenta fibronectin with
      this lectin was also demonstrated by affinity chromatography with concanavalin A
      agarose, in which more than 90% of the radiolabeled glycopeptides derived from
      placenta fibronectin was not retained on the gel. The two fibronectins also
      differed in the reactivity with Lens culinaris agglutinin of their glycopeptide
      fractions. These data indicate that placenta and plasma fibronectins are
      different in their carbohydrate structures and, therefore, suggest the presence
      of a tissue- or cell-specific mechanism for processing the carbohydrates of this
      glycoprotein.

PMID- 6436231
TI  - Identity of the ribonuclease from bovine seminal plasma with ribonuclease BS-1,
      and its sensitivity to polyvinyl sulphate.
AB  - A ribonuclease (RNAase BSD) isolated by us earlier from bovine seminal plasma by
      DNA-affinity chromatography is shown to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifuge and high performance liquid
      chromatography. From amino acid analysis, high performance liquid chromatography
      and enzymatic and physicochemical studies, this enzyme is shown to be identical
      to RNAase BS-1 reported by D'Alessio et al. ((1972) Eur. J. Biochem. 26, 153
      161). Immunological studies support this observation. It has also been shown
      that, as compared to RNAase A, this enzyme is more sensitive to polyvinyl
      sulphate inhibition.

PMID- 6436232
TI  - A human neuroblastoma cell line with an altered ornithine decarboxylase.
AB  - A human neuroblastoma cell line (Paju) was resistant to 10 mM
      difluoromethylornithine, a concentration at which the growth of all mammalian
      cells normally stops. Ornithine decarboxylase from Paju was very resistant to
      inhibition by difluoromethylornithine in vitro (Ki = 10 microM compared to 0.5
      microM for mouse kidney ornithine decarboxylase). After purification, apparently
      homogeneous Paju ornithine decarboxylase was inactivated with
      [3H]difluoromethylornithine and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Under denaturing conditions it was found to have an altered molecular structure,
      i.e. two nonidentical subunits of Mr = 55,000 and 60,000. Another unusual feature
      of Paju ornithine decarboxylase was its long half-life in vivo (T 1/2 = 8 h
      compared with 36 min in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells). The
      disappearance of immunoreactive protein was only slightly slower than the loss of
      catalytic activity. The long half-life of Paju ornithine decarboxylase was not
      shared by adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Despite the altered structure of Paju
      ornithine decarboxylase, it was recognized by a specific antisera raised in
      rabbit against mouse kidney ornithine decarboxylase. The Paju karyotype did not
      contain double minute chromosomes or any large homogeneously staining region such
      as that seen in a mouse lymphoma cell mutant that is resistant to
      difluoromethylornithine and overproduces ornithine decarboxylase (McConlogue, L.,
      and Coffino, P. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12083-12086).

PMID- 6436233
TI  - The reaction between NADPH and mercuric reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The reaction between the FAD-containing enzyme, mercuric reductase, and its
      reducing substrate, NADPH, has been studied at 5 degrees C, pH 7.3, by rapid-scan
      and fixed-wavelength stopped-flow techniques with the aim to characterize
      reaction intermediates. With an excess of NADPH the spectral changes observed in
      rapid-scan experiments can be described by a simple kinetic model, A----B----C---
      D, where A, B, C, and D represent distinct spectral species. The first step is
      virtually complete within the dead time of the apparatus. It is associated with a
      16% bleaching of flavin absorbance and the appearance of a very broad charge
      transfer band (epsilon max = 1.9 mM-1 cm-1) centered near 600 nm. The second step
      (k = 43 s-1) involves a further small bleaching of flavin absorbance and
      intensification of the charge-transfer band (epsilon max = 3.3 mM-1 cm-1) which
      becomes centered near 580 nm. The third step (k = 8 s-1) involves an
      intensification and a blue shift of the main FAD absorption band. Concurrently,
      the charge-transfer band increases in intensity and becomes centered near 530 nm
      (epsilon 530 = 5.0 mM-1 cm-1). While the first two steps involve 1 mol of NADPH
      per mol of FAD, the third step requires a second equivalent of NADPH. A 2
      electron-reduced enzyme (EH2) can be obtained by treatment of the oxidized enzyme
      (E) with dithioerythritol. Addition of 1 eq of NADP+ to dithioerythritol
      generated EH2 gives rise to a spectral species similar to the kinetic
      intermediate C, while the addition of 1 eq of NADPH gives rise to a spectral
      species similar to D. It is proposed that B largely corresponds to an E-NADPH
      complex, C to an EH2-NADP+ complex, and D to an EH2-NADPH complex.

PMID- 6436234
TI  - Preferential binding of steroids by anionic forms of rat glutathione S
      transferase.
AB  - Rat liver glutathione S-transferases with isoelectric points near 6.7 were
      resolved from more basic forms of the protein. This anionic fraction represented
      about 30% of the total activity in liver with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and was
      the preponderant form utilizing trans-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one as a substrate. The
      anionic transferases are dimeric proteins composed of two subunits designated as
      Yb and were distinguished from the cationic transferases on the basis of
      structural, immunological, and binding properties. Amino acid compositions and
      immunological properties of the anionic protein were similar to those of
      glutathione S-transferases A and C. The anionic forms had substantially less
      ordered secondary structure than cationic forms composed of subunits Ya and Yc.
      Stoichiometric ratios of two high affinity binding sites per dimer, also
      differentiated between the anionic and all of the cationic transferases which
      bind only a single mole of ligand. Affinity matrices composed of corticosterone
      or cholate, and circular dichroism methods, were used to demonstrate selective
      binding of steroids and bile acids to the anionic glutathione S-transferases.
      Glucocorticoids and progestins were shown to bind with high affinity whereas
      estrogens were bound at distinct lower affinity sites. In contrast to the
      cationic transferases, glutathione had no effect on binding of the steroids to
      the anionic forms, which suggested that these proteins have the capacity to bind
      these substances even in a milieu with high concentrations of glutathione.

PMID- 6436235
TI  - Hepatic mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 system. Distinctive features of cytochrome
      P-450 involved in the activation of aflatoxin B1 and benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - Rat liver mitoplasts containing less than 1% microsomal contamination contain
      cytochrome P-450 at 25% of the microsomal level and retain the capacity for
      monooxygenase activation of structurally different carcinogens such as aflatoxin
      B1 (AFB1), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and dimethylnitrosamine. Both phenobarbital (PB)
      and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) induce the level of mitochondrial cytochrome P
      450 by 2.0- to 2.5-fold above the level of control mitoplasts. The enzyme
      activities for AFB1 (3-fold) and BaP (16-fold) metabolism were selectively
      induced by PB and 3-MC, respectively. Furthermore, the metabolism of AFB1 and BaP
      by intact mitochondria was supported by Krebs cycle substrates but not by NADPH.
      Both PB and 3-MC administration cause a shift in the CO difference spectrum of
      mitoplasts (control, 448 nm; PB, 451 nm; and 3-MC, 446 nm) suggesting that they
      induce two different forms of mitochondrial cytochromes P-450. Mitoplasts
      solubilized with cholate and fractionated with polyethylene glycol exhibit only
      marginal monooxygenase activities. The activity, however, was restored to
      preparations from both PB-induced and 3-MC-induced mitochondrial enzymes (AFB1
      activation, ethylmorphine, and benzphetamine deamination and BaP metabolism) by
      addition of purified rat liver cytochrome P-450 reductase, and beef adrenodoxin
      and adrenodoxin reductase. The latter proteins failed to reconstitute activity to
      purified microsomal cytochromes P-450b and P-450c that were fully active with P
      450 reductase. Monospecific rabbit antibodies against cytochrome P-450b and P
      450c inhibited both P-450 reductase and adrenodoxin-supported activities to
      similar extents. Anti-P-450b and anti-P-450c provided Ouchterlony precipitin
      bands against PB- and 3-MC induced mitoplasts, respectively. We conclude that
      liver mitoplasts contain cytochrome P-450 that is closely similar to the
      corresponding microsomal cytochrome P-450 but can be distinguished by a capacity
      to interact with adrenodoxin. These inducible cytochromes P-450 are of
      mitochondrial origin since their levels in purified mitoplasts are over 10 times
      greater than can arise from the highest possible microsomal contamination.

PMID- 6436236
TI  - A murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell line resistant to Vicia villosa lectin is
      deficient in UDP-GalNAc:beta-galactose beta 1,4-N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase.
AB  - We have reported the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine linked beta 1,4 to
      galactose on O-linked oligosaccharides of a cloned murine cytotoxic T cell line
      and the absence of these residues from the O-linked structures of a Vicia villosa
      lectin-resistant mutant line, VV6, derived from parental B6.1.SF.1 cells
      (Conzelmann, A., and Kornfeld, S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12528-12535). This
      study shows that B6.1.SF.1 cells contain an enzyme which transfers N
      acetylgalactosamine from UDP-GalNAc onto the O-linked tetrasaccharides of human
      glycophorin A, giving rise to pentasaccharides which contain beta-glycosidically
      linked N-acetylgalactosamine. Desialylated glycophorin was inactive as an
      acceptor. The enzyme also transfers N-acetylgalactosamine to the N-linked
      oligosaccharides of the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. This glycoprotein is known to
      contain N-linked oligosaccharides with beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues
      which constitute the Sda blood group determinant. This N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase could not be detected in VV6 cells which can
      account for the lack of beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues on its O
      linked oligosaccharides. The two cell lines have comparable levels of UDP
      GalNAc:apomucin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, demonstrating that the enzyme
      deficiency in VV6 cells is selective. Both cell lines have a similar glycolipid
      content, with the major component being asialo-GM1. Since this glycolipid
      contains N-acetylgalactosamine linked beta 1,4 to galactose, it would appear that
      the N-acetylgalactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of glycolipids is
      different from the UDP-GalNAc:glycoprotein N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. An
      independently derived murine CTL line also contains the UDP-GalNAc:glycoprotein N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, suggesting that the expression of this enzyme is
      a common characteristic of this type of cell line.

PMID- 6436237
TI  - Characterization of phosphate:hexose 6-phosphate antiport in membrane vesicles of
      Streptococcus lactis.
AB  - Membrane vesicles of Streptococcus lactis were used to characterize a novel anion
      exchange involving phosphate and sugar 6-phosphates. For vesicles loaded with 50
      mM phosphate at pH 7, homologous phosphate:phosphate exchange had a maximal rate
      of 130 nmol/min/mg of protein and a Kt of 0.21 mM external phosphate; among
      phosphate analogues tested, only arsenate replaced phosphate. Heterologous
      exchange was studied by 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate entry into phosphate-loaded
      vesicles; this reaction had a maximal velocity of 31 nmol/min/mg of protein and a
      Kt of 26 microM external substrate. Sugar phosphate moved intact during this
      exchange, since its entry led to loss of internal 32Pi without transfer of 32P to
      sugar phosphate. Inhibitions of phosphate exchange suggested that the preferred
      sugar phosphate substrates were (Kiapp): glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, and mannose 6
      phosphates (approximately 20 microM) greater than fructose 6-phosphate (150
      microM) greater than glucosamine 6-phosphate (420 microM) greater than alpha
      methylglucoside 6-phosphate (740 microM). Stoichiometry for phosphate:2
      deoxyglucose 6-phosphate antiport was 2:1 at pH 7, and since initial rates of
      exchange were unaffected by charge carrying ionophores (gramicidin, valinomycin,
      a protonophore), this unequal stoichiometry indicated the electroneutral exchange
      of two monovalent phosphates for a single divalent sugar phosphate.

PMID- 6436238
TI  - Pituitary alpha subunit mRNA amounts during the sheep estrous cycle. Assessment
      by cDNA hybridizations.
AB  - Pituitary glycoprotein hormones exhibit a dimeric structure consisting of a
      common alpha subunit and similar beta subunits. In this study, alpha subunit mRNA
      amounts have been examined in sheep pituitaries during defined times of the
      normal estrous cycle. These times were designed to include events prior to, and
      including the beginning of, the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. Criteria
      such as serum and pituitary luteinizing hormone, serum progesterone, and ovarian
      morphology were used to classify the groups as: 1) Day 12 of the cycle; 2) 24 h
      before behavioral estrus (E-24); and 3) 5 h after estrus (E + 5). RNA was
      extracted from the pituitaries and amounts of alpha subunit mRNA quantitated
      using cell-free translations and cDNA hybridizations. Both Northern transfers and
      RNA dot blots were used. The amount of alpha subunit mRNA in the Day 12 group was
      the lowest of the three groups and was similar to that seen in the pituitary from
      an anestrous ewe. The amount observed in the E-24 animals was only slightly
      increased over the Day 12 (approximately 2-fold); however, a greater increase was
      observed when the E + 5 group was examined (approximately 4-8-fold). These
      results suggest that the amount of alpha subunit mRNA increases during the time
      of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the normal estrous cycle of the
      sheep and thus probably plays a role in the important physiological event.

PMID- 6436239
TI  - Contrasting roles of tau and microtubule-associated protein 2 in the vinblastine
      induced aggregation of brain tubulin.
AB  - Two different proteins, tau and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2), are
      able to stimulate tubulin polymerization into microtubules in vitro, but it is
      not certain if both proteins act by the same mechanism. We have examined the
      effects of tau and MAP 2 on the vinblastine-induced polymerization of tubulin
      into spiral filaments. In the presence of tau, vinblastine induced extensive
      aggregation of tubulin as shown by a large increase in turbidity. The increase in
      turbidity was accompanied by the formation of large numbers of spirals composed
      of a filament 40-60 A in diameter. The rate and extent of this aggregation into
      spirals were dependent on the concentrations of tubulin, tau, and vinblastine.
      Unlike normal microtubule assembly, this type of aggregation was not inhibited by
      colchicine or podophyllotoxin. In contrast, MAP 2, even at high concentrations,
      was less effective than tau at promoting the vinblastine-induced increase in
      turbidity of tubulin. In fact, MAP 2 strongly inhibited the effect of tau. These
      results indicate that tau and MAP 2 interact differently with the tubulin
      molecule in the presence of vinblastine and suggest that the two proteins may
      play different roles in regulating or promoting microtubule assembly. Vinblastine
      may thus be a useful probe in analyzing the modes of interactions of tau and MAP
      2 with tubulin.

PMID- 6436240
TI  - Purification and structures of oligosaccharide chains in swine trachea and
      Cowper's gland mucin glycoproteins.
AB  - Mucin glycoproteins were purified from extracts of swine trachea mucosa and
      Cowper's gland. The gelatinous extracts were solubilized by reduction and
      carboxymethylation and then purified by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B and
      DEAE-Sepharose. The structure of some of the carbohydrate units in these
      glycoproteins were determined and compared. Alkaline borohydride treatment
      indicated that more than 85% of the carbohydrate chains in these glycoproteins
      were linked to serine or threonine residues in the polypeptide chain through O
      glycosidic bonds with N-acetylgalactosamine. Reduced oligosaccharides released by
      treatment with alkaline borohydride were isolated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P
      6 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and paper. The structures of the
      oligosaccharides were established by methylation analysis, gas chromatography,
      and sequential hydrolysis with specific exoglycosidases. The major
      oligosaccharides in Cowper's gland mucin glycoproteins were sialylated short
      chains: NeuAc alpha 2,6GalNAcol and NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3(NeuAc alpha
      2,6)GalNAcol. In marked contrast, branched chains containing a Gal beta
      1,3(GlcNAc beta 1,6)GalNAc core unit were the major components of trachea mucin
      glycoprotein. Ten of these chains had the following structures: (Formula: see
      text).

PMID- 6436241
TI  - Drosophila cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been purified to homogeneity from adult bodies
      of Drosophila melanogaster. It is tetrameric in structure with two regulatory and
      two catalytic subunits that dissociate when activated by cAMP. The regulatory
      subunit exists in phospho and dephospho forms, which have electrophoretic
      mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels corresponding to Mr =
      58,000 and 52,000, respectively. The catalytic subunit has a molecular weight of
      40,000. The holoenzyme has a Stokes radius of 4.7 nm. The Km for activation by
      cAMP is substrate-dependent with Km values of 20 nM with histone H2B and 100 nM
      with the peptide, Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly. These physical and kinetic
      properties are very similar to those of the bovine heart Type II cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase. A Drosophila Type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase was also found
      in larval stages and during the first half of pupation but was absent in embryos
      and adults. The fly Type II enzyme was present in all developmental stages. Three
      regions of the Drosophila genome were found which, when present in three copies,
      significantly alter the specific activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These
      are located at 29F-33F (30% increase), 46A-50C (17% increase), and 66B-67D (16%
      decrease).

PMID- 6436242
TI  - Mechanism of action of heme oxygenase. A study of heme degradation to bile
      pigment by 18O labeling.
AB  - The formation of bile pigment from heme by a reconstituted heme oxygenase system
      containing purified bovine spleen heme oxygenase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase, and biliverdin reductase was studied under an atmosphere containing
      18,18O2. The product, bilirubin, was isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry,
      which revealed incorporation of 18O consistent with a two-molecule mechanism,
      whereby the product bile pigment contains oxygen atoms derived from two different
      oxygen molecules.

PMID- 6436243
TI  - Properties of purified carnitine acyltransferases of mouse liver peroxisomes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize the physical, kinetic, and
      immunological properties of carnitine acyltransferases purified from mouse liver
      peroxisomes. Peroxisomal carnitine octanoyltransferase and carnitine
      acetyltransferase were purified to apparent homogeneity from livers of mice fed a
      diet containing the hypolipidemic drug Wy-14,643 [( 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2
      pyrimidinylthio]-acetic acid). Both enzymes have a molecular weight of 60,000 and
      a similar pH optimum. Carnitine octanoyltransferase had a maximum activity for C6
      moieties while the maximum for carnitine acetyltransferase was with C3 and C4
      moieties. The apparent Km values were between 2 and 20 microM for the preferred
      acyl-CoA substrates, and the Km values for L-carnitine varied depending on the
      acyl-CoA cosubstrates used. The Hill coefficient, n, was approximately 1 for all
      acyl-CoAs tested, indicating Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Carnitine
      octanoyltransferase retained its maximum activity when preincubated with 5,5'
      dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) at pH 7.0 or 8.5. Neither carnitine
      octanoyltransferase nor carnitine acetyltransferase were inhibited by malonyl
      CoA. The immunology of carnitine octanoyltransferase is discussed. These data
      indicate that peroxisomal carnitine octanoyltransferase and carnitine
      acetyltransferase function in vivo in the direction of acylcarnitine formation,
      and suggest that the concentration of L-carnitine could influence the specificity
      for different acyl-CoA substrates.

PMID- 6436244
TI  - Interaction of the stimulatory and inhibitory regulatory proteins of the adenylyl
      cyclase system with the catalytic component of cyc-S49 cell membranes.
AB  - The mechanism by which Ns and Ni, the stimulatory and inhibitory regulatory
      components of adenylyl cyclases, regulate the activity of the catalytic component
      (C) of adenylyl cyclase was investigated using cyc-S49 cell membranes which
      contain a functional inhibitory regulatory protein (Ni) but not the active
      subunit of the stimulatory regulatory protein (Ns). To this end, purified Ns
      protein was preactivated (Ns) in solution with guanosine 5'-(3-O
      thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) and Mg2+, and then added to cyc- membranes under
      conditions where Ni was either unactivated or activated (Ni) by GTP gamma S and
      Mg2+. Activation of Ni in cyc- membranes resulted in a lowered expression of Ns
      activity under all conditions tested. Upon dilution of the reactants (Ns and cyc-
      membranes) the reconstituted activity declined in proportion to the dilution with
      an approximate t 1/2 of 30-45 min, being unaffected by activation of Ni.
      Postactivation of Ni after reconstitution of cyc- membranes with Ns resulted in a
      time-dependent decline in Ns activity to a level that was the same as that
      obtained when Ns was added to cyc- membranes with preactivated Ni. These data
      indicated that the effects of Ns on C are of a reversible type. The following
      indicated that Ns and Ni affect C activity in a noncompetitive manner: (a) the
      per cent reduction in Ns activity due to activation of Ni was constant and
      independent of the concentration of Ns, (b) double reciprocal plots of activities
      reconstituted in control and Ni-containing cyc- membranes versus Ns concentration
      were linear with an unaltered apparent Km for Ns, and (c) the onset of inhibition
      of C prereconstituted with Ns was much faster (approximate t 1/2 = 2-5 min) than
      expected if it were due to occupancy of a common site on C left vacant by
      Ns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6436245
TI  - Metabolism of platelet-activating factor in human platelets. Transacylase
      mediated synthesis of 1-O-alkyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
AB  - The present study demonstrates that inactivation of exogenous 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl
      sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkylacetyl-GPC; platelet-activating factor) by
      human platelets is mediated by the sequential action of two enzymes, 1) a Ca2+
      independent acetylhydrolase recovered in the cytosolic fraction of platelets that
      deacylates alkylacetyl-GPC forming alkyllyso-GPC and 2) a CoA-independent, N
      ethylmaleimide-sensitive transacylase associated with platelet membranes that
      incorporates a long-chain fatty acid into alkyllyso-GPC to produce alkylacyl-GPC.
      Separation of platelet phospholipids and subsequent resolution into individual
      molecular species by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the
      newly formed alkylacyl-GPC was exclusively alkylarachidonoyl-GPC and that the
      arachidonoyl group for acylation of alkyllyso-GPC was provided by
      phosphatidylcholine. We conclude that the previously described platelet
      arachidonoyl transacylase (Kramer, R.M., and Deykin, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 13806-13811) may play an important role in the metabolism of platelet
      activating factor.

PMID- 6436246
TI  - Thrombin-induced release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells is
      mediated by phospholipid methylation. Prostacyclin synthesis is independent of
      phospholipid methylation.
AB  - The biochemical events that lead to thrombin-stimulated release of von Willebrand
      factor and prostacyclin synthesis in cultured endothelial cells are examined.
      Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with thrombin results in an
      instantaneous increase in phospholipid methylation which can be blocked by 3
      deazaadenosine, a methyltransferase inhibitor. 3-Deazaadenosine also blocks the
      thrombin-induced Ca2+ influx into endothelial cells and the release of von
      Willebrand factor, indicating that these processes are coupled. The phorbol ester
      4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 both
      bypass the phospholipid methylation and directly stimulate Ca2+ influx and von
      Willebrand factor release. In contrast to the stimulus-induced von Willebrand
      factor release, the thrombin-induced prostacyclin synthesis cannot be blocked by
      3-deazaadenosine. Similarly, incubation of endothelial cells with EDTA has no
      influence on the thrombin-induced prostacyclin synthesis, and PMA has no
      stimulatory effect on prostacyclin synthesis. These observations indicate that
      thrombin induces different metabolic responses in endothelial cells: phospholipid
      methylation followed by a Ca2+ influx, which subsequently leads to release of von
      Willebrand factor, and liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids for
      prostacyclin formation, which is independent of phospholipid methylation and Ca2+
      influx.

PMID- 6436247
TI  - Identification of the NH2-terminal blocking group of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
      as myristic acid and the complete amino acid sequence of the membrane-binding
      domain.
AB  - The NH2-terminal blocking group of the membrane-binding domain of NADH-cytochrome
      b5 reductase has been deduced as myristic (n-tetradecanoyl) acid. This fatty acid
      was identified by gas chromatography of the digest of the NH2-terminal
      tetrapeptide of cytochrome b5 reductase. Fast atom bombardment and direct
      chemical ionization mass spectroscopy of the underivatized NH2-terminal
      tetrapeptide confirmed the presence of myristic acid, identified its linkage to
      the NH2 terminus and established CH3(CH2)12-CO-Gly-Ala-Gln-Leu as the NH2
      terminal sequence. In addition, the complete amino acid sequence of the membrane
      binding domain of cytochrome b5 reductase is also reported. The finding of a
      myristic acyl chain on the NH2-terminal segment, comprised of hydrophobic amino
      acid residues, implies that the function of the myristate group may be other than
      simply to anchor the reductase to the microsomal membrane. This post
      translational modification, presumably in the endoplasmic reticulum, may
      selectively stabilize a particular membrane structure and orientation that
      optimally facilitates electron transport on the cytosolic surface of this
      membrane organelle.

PMID- 6436248
TI  - A novel cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid.
AB  - The 8000 X g pellet of rabbit placenta transformed arachidonic acid into a number
      of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products of known structure. A metabolite was
      also produced which was inhibited by indomethacin and required calcium for its
      formation. This compound had a UV absorption maximum at 227 nm under acidic or
      neutral conditions and gave a bathochromic shift to 281 nm under alkaline
      conditions. Reduction of this metabolite with sodium borohydride produced
      prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha (as determined by mass spectrometry), while catalytic
      hydrogenation increased the molecular weight by four mass units, indicating the
      presence of two double bonds. Based on the mass spectrum of the derivatized
      metabolite, the structure proved to be 9,15-dioxo-11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic
      acid. This compound is produced by the term placenta and does not appear to be
      formed from PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or PGD2. The compound is suppressed by GSH and
      NADPH, but its formation is not increased by NAD or NADP. PGH2 and PGG2 are not
      converted to 9,15-dioxo-11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid under similar in vitro
      incubation conditions. This therefore represents conversion of arachidonate to
      9,15-dioxo-11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid through a Ca2+-dependent, non-PG
      dehydrogenase pathway.

PMID- 6436249
TI  - Identification and characterization of some bacterial membrane sulfhydryl groups
      which are targets of bacteriostatic and antibiotic action.
AB  - Covalent modification of sulfhydryl groups which become sensitive toward
      sulfhydryl agents during germination of Bacillus cereus spores exerts a profound
      bacteriostatic effect, resulting in outgrowth inhibition. The modified spore
      components are membrane species of 13,000, 28,000, and 29,000 daltons. Detergent
      disruption of the membrane inactivated the sulfhydryl groups. A highly sigmoid
      inhibition curve (n = 11.8) with diamide suggested the participation of closely
      neighboring sulfhydryl groups. Substate and substrate analogs of the lactose and
      dicarboxylic acid permeases protected the sulfhydryl groups against modification.
      Nisin, a 34-residue peptide antibiotic, inhibited spore outgrowth and sulfhydryl
      modification at a concentration of about 0.1 microM. Since these sulfhydryl
      groups have been implicated as involved with the bacteriostatic action of
      nitrite, substances directed toward them may be a useful new class of
      bacteriostatic agents and antibiotics.

PMID- 6436250
TI  - Hyperalimentation for superior mesenteric-artery (cast) syndrome following
      correction of spinal deformity.
AB  - The cast syndrome, recently called the superior mesenteric-artery syndrome, is a
      well recognized complication that can occur after a body cast has been applied.
      We are reporting the cases of three patients who had this syndrome following
      surgical correction of spinal deformity. The complication failed to resolve with
      the usual non-operative measures but did resolve with treatment by total
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6436251
TI  - Direct visualization of redistribution and capping of fluorescent gangliosides on
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Fluorescent derivatives of gangliosides were prepared by oxidizing the sialyl
      residues to aldehydes and reacting them with fluorescent hydrazides. When
      rhodaminyl gangliosides were incubated with lymphocytes, the cells incorporated
      them in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Initially, the gangliosides
      were evenly distributed on the cell surface but were redistributed into patches
      and caps by antirhodamine antibodies. When the cells were then stained with a
      second antibody or protein A labeled with fluorescein, the fluorescein stain
      revealed the coincident movement of both the gangliosides and the antirhodamine
      antibodies. When the cells were treated with both rhodamine and Lucifer yellow CH
      labeled gangliosides, the antirhodamine antibodies induced patching and capping
      of both fluorescent gangliosides but had no effect on cells incubated only with
      Lucifer yellow CH-labeled gangliosides. In addition, capping was observed on
      cells exposed to cholera toxin, antitoxin antibodies, and rhodamine-labeled
      protein A, indirectly showing the redistribution of endogenous ganglioside GM1,
      the cholera toxin receptor. By incorporating Lucifer yellow CH-labeled GM1 into
      the cells and inducing capping as above, we were able to demonstrate directly the
      coordinate redistribution of the fluorescent GM1 and the toxin. When the
      lymphocytes were stained first with Lucifer yellow CH-labeled exogenous
      ganglioside GM3, which is not a toxin receptor, there was co-capping of
      endogenous GM1 (rhodamine) and exogenous GM3 (Lucifer yellow CH). These results
      suggest that gangliosides may self-associate in the plasma membrane which may
      explain the basis for ganglioside redistribution and capping.

PMID- 6436252
TI  - Localized surface antigens of guinea pig sperm migrate to new regions prior to
      fertilization.
AB  - We have previously defined distinct localizations of antigens on the surface of
      the guinea pig sperm using monoclonal antibodies. In the present study we have
      demonstrated that these antigen localizations are dynamic and can be altered
      during changes in the functional state of the sperm. Before the sperm is capable
      of fertilizing the egg, it must undergo capacitation and an exocytic event, the
      acrosome reaction. Prior to capacitation, the antigen recognized by the
      monoclonal antibody, PT-1, was restricted to the posterior tail region (principle
      piece and end piece). After incubation in capacitating media at 37 degrees C for
      1 h, 100% of the sperm population showed migration of the PT-1 antigen onto the
      anterior tail. This redistribution of surface antigen resulted from a migration
      of the surface molecules originally present on the posterior tail. It did not
      occur in the presence of metabolic poisons or when tail-beating was prevented. It
      was temperature-dependent, and did not require exogenous Ca2+. Since the PT-1
      antigen is freely diffusing on the posterior tail before migration, the mechanism
      of redistribution could involve the alteration of a presumptive membrane barrier.
      In addition, we observed the redistribution of a second surface antigen after the
      acrosome reaction. The antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody, PH-20, was
      localized exclusively in the posterior head region of acrosome-intact sperm.
      Within 7-10 min of induction of the acrosome reaction with Ca2+ and A23187, 90
      100% of the acrosome-reacted sperm population no longer demonstrated binding of
      the PH-20 antibody on the posterior head, but showed binding instead on the inner
      acrosomal membrane. This redistribution of the PH-20 antigen also resulted from
      the migration of pre-existing surface molecules, but did not appear to require
      energy. The migration of PH-20 antigen was a selective process; other antigens
      localized to the posterior head region did not leave the posterior head after the
      acrosome reaction. These rearrangements of cell surface molecules may act to
      regulate cell surface function during fertilization.

PMID- 6436253
TI  - The structure of cytoplasm in directly frozen cultured cells. I. Filamentous
      meshworks and the cytoplasmic ground substance.
AB  - Cultured fibroblasts or epithelial cells derived from Xenopus laevis embryos were
      directly frozen, freeze-substituted by an improved method, and then either
      critical-point-dried and viewed as whole mounts, or embedded and thin sectioned.
      In thin regions of these cells, where ice crystal artifacts are absent, the
      cytoplasm consisted of a dense, highly interconnected meshwork of filaments,
      embedded in a finely granular ground substance. The meshwork in directly frozen,
      intact cells was compared with that in cells that were lysed (physically, with
      detergents, or with filipin), or fixed with glutaraldehyde before freezing.
      Although filaments tended to be less numerous in lysed cells, their overall
      organization was the same as that in intact cells. However, fixation with
      glutaraldehyde before freezing distorted the meshwork to variable degrees
      depending on the osmolarity of the fixation buffer, and also obscured the
      granular ground substance which is obvious in directly frozen cells. With optimal
      preparative methods, the cytoplasm of these directly frozen cells is shown to
      consist of a cytoskeleton composed of discrete interwoven filaments
      interconnected by numerous finer filaments and a readily extractable granular
      matrix which presumably represents aggregations of cytoplasmic proteins.

PMID- 6436254
TI  - Differences in the behavior of cytoplasmic granules and lipid bodies during human
      lung mast cell degranulation.
AB  - We used a morphometric and autoradiographic approach to analyze changes in
      specific cytoplasmic granules and cytoplasmic lipid bodies associated with human
      lung mast cell degranulation. Mast cells were dissociated from lung tissue by
      enzymatic digestion and were then enriched to purities of up to 99% by
      countercurrent centrifugation elutriation and recovery from columns containing
      specific antigen bound to Sepharose 6 MB. Degranulation was induced by goat anti
      IgE. At various intervals after stimulation, parallel aliquots of cells were
      recovered for determination of histamine release or were fixed for transmission
      electron microscopy. We found that lipid bodies, electron-dense structures that
      lack unit membranes, were present in both control and stimulated mast cells.
      Autoradiographic analysis showed that lipid bodies represented the major
      repository of 3H-label derived from [3H]arachidonic acid taken up from the
      external milieu. By contrast, the specific cytoplasmic granules contained no
      detectable 3H-label. In addition, lipid bodies occurred in intimate association
      with degranulation channels during mast cell activation, but the total volume of
      lipid bodies did not change during the 20 min after stimulation with anti-IgE.
      This result stands in striking contrast to the behavior of specific cytoplasmic
      granules, the great majority of which (77% according to aggregate volume)
      exhibited ultrastructural alterations during the first 20 min of mast cell
      activation. These observations establish that mast cell cytoplasmic granules and
      cytoplasmic lipid bodies are distinct organelles that differ in ultrastructure,
      biochemistry, and behavior during mast cell activation.

PMID- 6436255
TI  - Cell-substratum interaction of cultured avian osteoclasts is mediated by specific
      adhesion structures.
AB  - The cell-substratum interaction was studied in cultures of osteoclasts isolated
      from the medullary bone of laying hens kept on low calcium diet. In fully spread
      osteoclasts, cell-substratum adhesion mostly occurred within a continuous
      paramarginal area that corresponded also to the location of a thick network of
      intermediate filaments of the vimentin type. In this area, regular rows of short
      protrusions contacting the substratum and often forming a cup-shaped adhesion
      area were observed in the electron microscope. These short protrusions showed a
      core of F-actin-containing material presumably organized as a network of
      microfilaments and surrounded by a rosette-like structure in which vinculin and
      alpha-actinin were found by immunofluorescence microscopy. Rosettes were
      superposable to dark circles in interference-reflection microscopy and thus
      represented circular forms of close cell-substratum contact. The core of ventral
      protrusions also contained, beside F-actin, fimbrin and alpha-actinin. Villin was
      absent. This form of cell-substratum contact occurring at the tip of a short
      ventral protrusion differed from other forms of cell-substratum contact and
      represented an osteoclast-specific adhesion device that might also be present in
      in vivo osteoclasts as well as in other normal and transformed cell types.

PMID- 6436256
TI  - Ca2+ and hormones interact synergistically to stimulate rapidly both prolactin
      production and overall protein synthesis in pituitary tumor cells.
AB  - Effects of Ca2+ and hormones on short-term protein synthesis were examined
      utilizing intact Ca2+-depleted and Ca2+-restored GH3 pituitary tumor cells as a
      model system. Amino acid incorporation by cells in complete growth medium during
      short incubations was markedly reduced by EGTA concentrations in excess of Ca2+.
      Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) rapidly enhanced amino acid incorporation and
      prolactin production, with both effects being reserved by EGTA in excess of
      extracellular Ca2+ or prevented by cellular Ca2+ depletion. Epidermal growth
      factor and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) also stimulated amino acid
      incorporation and prolactin production; absolute increases in protein synthesis
      provided by these agents were significantly greater in Ca2+-restored than in Ca2+
      depleted preparations. TRH and PMA concentrations which raised prolactin
      production were identical to those increasing the rate of amino acid
      incorporation into overall protein. The extracellular Ca2+ concentration
      dependencies of amino acid incorporation and prolactin production were similar
      and were unchanged by hormone. PMA, the most efficacious of the agents tested,
      and Ca2+ promoted incorporation of amino acid into the same spectrum of proteins.
      Stimulation of protein synthesis by hormones was not attributable to alterations
      in amino acid uptake, attachment to substrata, hormone binding, protein
      catabolism or transcription. Trifluoperazine selectively prevented the
      stimulation by Ca2+ of amino acid incorporation and prolactin production. Unlike
      total prolactin, the total protein content of GH3 cells during these short
      incubations was not altered by Ca2+, hormones or trifluoperazine. It is proposed
      that hormones and Ca2+, which have been demonstrated to regulate prolactin
      secretion and prolactin mRNA transcription in GH3 cells, also exert translational
      controls which serve to facilitate the overall expression of the prolactin gene.

PMID- 6436257
TI  - Brief extraction with detergent induces the appearance of many plasma membrane
      associated microtubules in hepatocytic cells.
AB  - In cultured H35 hepatoma cells membrane-associated cortical networks have a
      microtrabecular appearance as revealed by dry-cleaving. Filaments having
      diameters of 15 nm can be readily distinguished within these networks and have
      not been described previously. Microtubules are seldom observed to be part of
      this structure. Extraction of cells with 0.1% Saponin in microtubule-stabilizing
      buffer produces holes in the membrane and reorganization of the networks
      resulting in the loss of microtrabecular structure, the loss of 15 nm filaments
      and the appearance of abundant membrane-associated microtubules (about 1.25
      micron per micron2 substrate-adherent membrane). These observations were
      confirmed by immunolabelling experiments with affinity-purified anti-tubulin
      immunoglobulin G. By both fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy it was
      shown that labelled tubulin in the cortical networks became organized into
      microtubules upon treatment with detergent. By determination of the microtubule
      density, expressed as micron microtubule per micron2 membrane, the effects of
      various conditions on microtubule occurrence were determined. The Saponin-induced
      appearance of microtubules in the membrane-associated network could be inhibited
      by: 1% and 2% glutaraldehyde, 0 degrees C, millimolar Ca2+, absence of Mg2+
      (subsequent reversal of inhibition by addition of Mg2+ was shown), and 20 microM
      nocodazole (but not 20 microM-colchicine). In addition to Saponin, extraction
      with 0.1% Nonidet P-40 or 0.1% Triton X-100 also resulted in microtubule
      containing cortical networks. However, 0.1% Triton N-101 was not effective,
      although holes were produced in the plasma membrane. These data provide evidence
      suggesting rapid polymerization of membrane-associated microtubule protein rather
      than detergent-induced displacement or collapse of existing microtubules. The
      arguments for this hypothesis and its implications are discussed.

PMID- 6436258
TI  - Sperm chemotaxis in siphonophores. II. Calcium-dependent asymmetrical movement of
      spermatozoa induced by the attractant.
AB  - Spermatozoa from siphonophores have been shown to be attracted towards an
      extracellular structure, the cupule, which covers the predetermined site of
      fertilization of the egg. Observations on sperm behaviour during the chemotactic
      response show that spermatozoa describe trajectories of large diameter (700-1000
      micron) while far from the cupule, and of smaller diameter (200 micron) in the
      cupule area. The transition between the two types of swimming occurs
      progressively when spermatozoa cross a 3 mm wide area around the cupule. After a
      few minutes 99% of the spermatozoa keep swimming around the attractant source,
      following circular paths 150-200 micron in diameter. In the absence of the
      attractant, comparable modifications of sperm trajectories are observed in the
      presence of the ionophore A23187 and high calcium concentrations. In the presence
      of 10(-2) M calcium ions, A23187-treated spermatozoa describe trajectories 200
      micron in diameter, which increase up to 800 micron at lower calcium
      concentrations (10(-6) M). In the absence of calcium ions, spermatozoa swim
      across the cupule area without modification of their trajectories and no sperm
      accumulation can be detected. This requirement of the chemotactic response for
      calcium ions is observed either with fresh cupules stuck on the eggs, with
      cupules separated from the eggs, or with cupule extracts. Moreover, a soluble
      component fractionated from the cupule induces, when diluted in sea water, a
      reduction in the size of the sperm trajectories and this also requires calcium
      ions. The present data show that the chemotactic response of siphonophore sperm,
      which requires millimolar concentrations of calcium ions, occurs through a non
      transient induction of increased asymmetry of the flagellar waveform. It is
      proposed that the natural attractant operates to produce an increase in the
      intraaxonemal calcium concentration.

PMID- 6436259
TI  - Localization of concanavalin A binding carbohydrate in Chlamydomonas flagella.
AB  - Chlamydomonas flagella are shown to possess two zones of concanavalin A (ConA)
      binding carbohydrate. The first zone, distinguished by a requirement for a
      prolonged labelling period for visualization of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)
      ConA fluorescence, is localized in the flagellar coat. The second zone is
      characterized by a rapid FITC- and [125I]ConA labelling subsequent to disruption
      of the flagellar membrane, but is unaffected by reagents that act only on the
      flagellar surface coat. Electron microscopy and ferritin-ConA labelling indicate
      that this subsurface zone is localized between the flagellar membrane and axoneme
      in the space that we term the flagelloplasm. These results are used to suggest
      possible functions for ConA binding glycosyl residues in flagella.

PMID- 6436260
TI  - Ocular manifestations of hematologic disorders.

PMID- 6436261
TI  - Premature emphysema and a suspicious family history.

PMID- 6436262
TI  - Thoreau as a scientist.

PMID- 6436263
TI  - Neck masses the logical evaluation.

PMID- 6436264
TI  - Diagnostic tests for MI: efficacy and cost containment.

PMID- 6436265
TI  - Exertional chest pain in a five-year-old boy.

PMID- 6436266
TI  - Prolonged Q-T syndrome.

PMID- 6436267
TI  - Recessions and increased mortality.

PMID- 6436268
TI  - Phenothiazines and analgesic potentiation.

PMID- 6436269
TI  - Pharmacologic therapy of seizures in the elderly.

PMID- 6436270
TI  - The case of the distorted stomach.

PMID- 6436271
TI  - The diabetic neuropathies.

PMID- 6436272
TI  - Easy bruising but normal platelets in an old woman.

PMID- 6436273
TI  - Acute knee injuries.

PMID- 6436274
TI  - A 'healthy' infant with a round pneumonia.

PMID- 6436275
TI  - Valvular heart disease: the decision to treat.

PMID- 6436276
TI  - An atypical supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6436277
TI  - A Vietnamese woman with chills and fever.

PMID- 6436278
TI  - Bleeding disorders. Finding the cause.

PMID- 6436279
TI  - The erythrocyte membrane skeleton: pathophysiology.

PMID- 6436280
TI  - Preparation of histone variants and high-mobility group proteins by reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Methods have been developed for the preparation of histone variants and high
      mobility group (HMG) proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
      The individual HPLC fractions were recovered as a dry powder in 95% yield by
      direct lyophilization from the column effluent. Perchloric acid-soluble H1
      variants and HMG proteins from Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) were separated on
      a mu Bondapak CN column using a 0-50% linear acetonitrile gradient in water
      containing 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The proteins were eluted in the
      following order: HMG-E/G (an HMG-14/17 class proteins from CHO cells), HlO, Hl,
      HMG-2, and HMG-l. HMG-E/G, Hl, and an unidentified protein were recovered
      electrophoretically pure. HlO contained contaminants which could be removed by
      subsequent chromatography on a mu Bondapak C18 Radial-Pak column, but HMG-l and
      HMG-2 could not be completely resolved. Nucleosomal core histones were
      fractionated on a mu Bondapak C18 Radial-Pak column using a 30-55% linear
      acetonitrile gradient containing 0.2-0.3% TFA. They were eluted in the following
      order: H2B, (LHP)H2A, (MHP)H2A, H4, LHP(H3), and (MHP)H3, (where LHP and MHP
      refer to less-hydrophobic and more-hydrophobic variants). If the gradient
      containing 0.3% TFA was interrupted with an isocratic elution at 43%
      acetonitrile, the H2B, (LHP)H2A, (MHP)H2A, and H4 proteins were completely
      resolved, thus providing a good preparative method for these proteins. The H2A
      class of Drosophila histones was also fractionated on a mu Bondapak C18 Radial
      Pak column using a 30-35% linear acetonitrile gradient containing 0.2% TFA.
      Drosophila melanogaster H2A, obtained as a single fraction by chromatography on
      Biol-Gel P-100, was eluted from the C18 column as three proteins. The order of
      elution was identified by electrophoresis to be: H2Aox (an oxidized form of H2A),
      D2 (a Drosophila-specific subtype), and H2A.

PMID- 6436281
TI  - Prediction of the performance of preparative affinity chromatography.
AB  - This paper describes a theoretical approach to the prediction of the performance
      of preparative affinity separations for biological macromolecules in packed
      columns. The approach, which is applicable to conventional low-pressure packed
      column methods as well as high-performance liquid chromatography techniques,
      requires knowledge of certain parameters that describe the interactions between
      adsorbent and adsorbate during the affinity separation procedure. We have
      measured the parameters appropriate to the adsorption stages of affinity systems
      involving immobilised Cibacron Blue and immobilised monoclonal antibodies against
      beta-galactosidase. The theoretical predictions appear to agree well with the
      experimental performance of batch and packed column affinity systems. The
      influence of the factors that govern the performance of the adsorption stage of
      the separation procedure is explained in detail, and the possible advantages of
      using HPLC techniques in macropreparative affinity chromatography are discussed.

PMID- 6436282
TI  - Application of reductive dihydroxypropylation of amino groups of proteins in
      primary structural studies: identification of phenylthiohydantoin derivative of
      epsilon-dihydroxypropyl-lysine residues by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The general utility of reductive alkylation of amino groups of proteins with
      glyceraldehyde (2,3-dihydroxypropionaldehyde) in the presence of sodium
      cyanoborohydride, i.e. dihydroxypropylation, as an aid in generating arginine
      peptides of proteins by tryptic digestion has been investigated. The
      dihydroxypropylation of the amino groups of ribonuclease A and the streptococcal
      Pep M5 protein proceeds predominantly to the stage of monoalkylation. The
      derivatized lysine namely, epsilon-dihydroxypropyl-lysine is stable to acid
      hydrolysis, and is eluted slightly ahead of histidine in the amino acid analyzer.
      The peptide bonds of epsilon-dihydroxypropyl-lysine residues are resistant to
      tryptic digestion. The arginine peptides of dihydroxypropylated ribonuclease A,
      and dihydroxypropylated streptococcal Pep M5 protein have been isolated by
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the tryptic
      digest of the derivatized proteins. The phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivative of
      epsilon-dihydroxypropyl-lysine has been prepared. It is eluted at a position
      intermediate to that of the PTH derivatives of proline and tryptophan in reversed
      phase HPLC on DuPont Zorbax ODS columns. Thus the PTH-epsilon-dihydroxypropyl
      lysine could be identified during the sequence studies of the dihydroxypropylated
      peptides. The presence of dihydroxypropyl groups on the epsilon-amino groups of
      lysine residues in the dihydroxypropylated peptides does not interfere with the
      Edman degradation studies. The ease of the dihydroxypropylation reaction, the
      resistance of the peptide bonds of epsilon-dihydroxypropyl-lysine residues to
      trypsin, and the identification of the PTH derivative of epsilon-dihydroxypropyl
      lysine residues by reversed-phase HPLC makes the dihydroxypropylation procedure a
      valuable addition to the arsenal of procedures for limiting the tryptic digestion
      to the arginine residues of proteins and peptides.

PMID- 6436283
TI  - Novel quantitative method for determination of molecular species of phospholipids
      and diglycerides.
AB  - A novel method is described for the quantitative analysis of subclasses (alk-1
      enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl types) and molecular species within each subclass
      of glycerophosphatides. Diradylglycerols from phospholipase C hydrolysis of the
      phospholipids are converted to benzoate derivatives, the benzoates are separated
      into their respective subclasses by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated by
      measuring absorbance at 230 nm. Molecular species within individual subclasses
      are separated using a combination of argentation thin-layer chromatography and
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with direct, on-line
      quantitation at 230 nm. We applied the method to the analysis of ethanolamine
      phosphatides from beef brain and were able to quantitate the three
      diradylglycerol subclasses (alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl types) as well
      as ca. 29 molecular species within each of these subclasses. This new
      quantitative approach for the analysis of specific molecular species of
      glycerolipids should be applicable to studies involving a variety of biologically
      important lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, platelet
      activating factor, plasmalogens, and neutral type glycerolipids including
      diacylglycerols.

PMID- 6436284
TI  - Changes in plasma progesterone concentrations around the time of the luteinizing
      hormone surge in women superovulated for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to examine plasma progesterone (P4) changes
      around the time of the onset of the LH surge in women superovulated with
      clomiphene citrate and human Menopausal Gonadotrophin for in vitro fertilization
      (IVF). It was considered that changes in P4 levels which should be closely
      associated with the onset of the LH surge may be an accurate indicator for the
      time of oocyte recovery for IVF and that premature P4 secretion may prevent the
      establishment of pregnancy after embryo replacement. The plasma P4 concentrations
      determined at 0800, 1400, and 2100 h during the period 36 h before to 16 h after
      the onset of the LH surge in 72 women showed a significant diurnal variation with
      the nadir at 0800 h. The onset of the LH surge was detected in 51%, 32%, and 17%
      of patients at 0800, 1400, and 2100 h, respectively. The first significant
      increase in mean P4 concentrations was coincident with the onset of the LH surge
      at 1400 and 2100 h but because of the diurnal nadir of P4 at 0800 h, the increase
      in mean P4 levels was delayed until 1400 h when the LH surge began at 0800 h.
      Elevation of P4 concentrations from 2 to 8 nmol/liter in individual patients at
      1400 and 2100 h before the onset of the LH surge did not prevent the
      establishment of pregnancy after embryo transfer. P4 concentrations before and
      after the onset of the LH surge were higher with increasing numbers of mature
      follicles. We conclude that changes in plasma P4 concentrations may be used to
      determine the time of ovulation or oocyte recovery for IVF because of their close
      association with the timing of the onset of the LH surge.

PMID- 6436285
TI  - Further delineation of hypothalamic dysfunction responsible for menopausal hot
      flashes.
AB  - An association exists between pulsatile LH release and hot flashes (HFs). To
      further delineate the hypothalamic mechanism(s) responsible for HF, the basal
      levels and pulsatile release of LH, FSH, estradiol, and estrone and the rate of
      occurrence of HFs (measured objectively) were evaluated in patients with a defect
      of GnRH secretion [isolated gonadotropin deficiency (IGD)], patients with
      abnormalities of afferent input to GnRH neurons [hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA)],
      and postmenopausal women with severe HFs. Patients with IGD had received
      estrogens, which were discontinued before study. Patients with HA had experienced
      regular menses before disease onset, which followed emotional stress or weight
      loss. Studies were limited to HA patients with estrogen levels in the
      postmenopausal range. Pulsatile LH release was absent in patients with IGD and
      was absent or greatly reduced in women with HA. Objectively measured and
      subjectively experienced HFs occurred in IGD but not in HA patients. These
      results suggest that HFs are not an obligatory consequence of low endogenous
      estrogen levels and that the absence of episodic LH and GnRH release (IGD) does
      not influence the occurrence of HFs. It is possible that the dysfunction of
      afferent input to GnRH neurons in HA somehow prevents HFs in these women with low
      endogenous estrogen secretion.

PMID- 6436286
TI  - Exercise-induced stress responses of amenorrheic and eumenorrheic runners.
AB  - The role of stress in exercise-associated amenorrhea was investigated. Sex
      hormones [FSH, LH, androstenedione (A), testosterone, estrone, and 17 beta
      estradiol (E2)], stress hormones [dehydroepiandrosterone, cortisol (F), PRL,
      norepinephrine, and epinephrine] and psychological status (Profile of Mood States
      and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) were measured at rest and in response to a 40
      min 80% of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) run in highly trained eumenorrheic (n =
      8) and amenorrheic (n = 7) women runners matched for fatness [eumenorrheic, 16.5
      +/- 2.3% (+/- SD); amenorrheic, 14.9 +/- 4.8] and maximal aerobic power
      (eumenorrheic, 58.9 +/- 5.7 ml/kg X min; amenorrheic, 59.8 +/- 4.6). Eumenorrheic
      runners were tested between days 3 and 8 of the follicular phase. At rest,
      decreased plasma FSH, LH, and E2 concentrations were found in amenorrheic women
      [eumenorrheic FSH, 10.5 +/- 4.1 mIU/ml; amenorrheic FSH, 4.9 +/- 1.6 (P less than
      0.01); eumenorrheic LH, 14.1 +/- 6.1 mIU/ml; amenorrheic LH, 5.1 +/- 1.7 (P less
      than 0.01); eumenorrheic E2, 20 +/- 9 pg/ml; amenorrheic E2, 7 +/- 6 (P less than
      0.05)]. Other sex and stress hormones and psychological measurements were similar
      in the two groups and were within the normal range. Ventilatory, cardiovascular,
      thermoregulatory, and psychological responses to the submaximal run were
      identical. Among eumenorrheic women, all stress hormones and A increased after
      exercise, but PRL, F, and A were unchanged among amenorrheic women. Estrone, E2,
      and testosterone did not change in either group. These observations are
      inconsistent with a general stress hypothesis of exercise-associated amenorrhea
      as well as with more specific hyperprolactinemic and hyperandrogenic hypotheses.
      In amenorrheic women, failure of PRL to increase in response to exercise may be
      due to their lack of E2, while failure of F and A to increase may indicate
      reduced adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase activity.

PMID- 6436287
TI  - A comparison of two methods for detecting hormone peaks: the effect of sampling
      interval on gonadotropin peak frequency.
AB  - There is no consensus on the optimum method to identify gonadotropin pulses in
      serum. We compared two approaches for detecting gonadotropin peaks. The first
      employed the conventional criterion of an increment from nadir to peak of 3 times
      the intraassay coefficient of variation (3 CV). The second identified peaks by
      Student's t test to quadruplicate measurements at each time point. We obtained
      blood samples every 5 min for 6 h from four women in the follicular phase. We
      also constructed control or noise series by subdividing single serum pools into
      consecutively labeled aliquots. Any variations in hormone concentration in the
      noise series that were identified as peaks were, by definition, false positive
      peaks. We evaluated the effect of sampling interval on gonadotropin peak
      detection by omitting data to simulate sampling every 10, 15, or 20 min. The 3 CV
      approach identified numerous false positive peaks in the noise series and
      detected as many peaks in the noise series as it did in the patient series.
      Increasing the sampling frequency from every 20 to every 5 min nearly doubled the
      apparent peak frequencies in both the patient and the noise series (P less than
      0.025). By contrast, the t test method detected far fewer false positive peaks
      and significantly more peaks in the patient series than in the noise series.
      Increasing the sampling frequency from every 20 to every 5 min resulted in a 50
      75% increase in peak frequency by the t test method. This increase in peak
      frequency appeared to result from improved detection of small peaks, because
      samples were obtained nearer the true peaks and nadirs. The resulting increase in
      the nadir to peak increment made it more likely that a small peak would achieve
      statistical significance. We conclude that increasingly stringent criteria for
      pulse detection should be applied as one increase the sampling frequency, and
      that the t test approach is a more valid method than the 3 CV approach because it
      yields significantly fewer false positive peaks.

PMID- 6436288
TI  - Secretion of uncombined subunits of luteinizing hormone by gonadotroph cell
      adenomas.
AB  - The nature of the LH abnormality in four men who had gonadotroph cell pituitary
      adenomas was studied to determine why they had supranormal serum LH
      concentrations but subnormal or normal serum testosterone concentrations. When
      basal sera from these four men were subjected to gel filtration chromatography,
      FSH immunoreactivity eluted principally in the position of intact FSH, but the
      elution patterns of LH immunoreactivity were biphasic; one peak corresponded to
      intact LH, and another peak corresponded to the LH subunits, LH beta and alpha.
      Gel filtration of sera obtained after administration of TRH showed increases in
      LH immunoreactivity predominantly in the subunits peak. The subunits peak in
      basal sera consisted principally of alpha, but the percent increase in LH beta in
      post-TRH sera was greater. When dispersed cells from one gonadotroph adenoma were
      cultured, medium LH immunoreactivity eluted with the LH subunits. LH beta release
      into the medium was somewhat greater than alpha initially, but declined more
      rapidly. We conclude that the apparent hypersecretion of immunoreactive LH of
      impaired biological activity by four men with gonadotroph cell adenomas
      represents hypersecretion of LH beta- and alpha-subunits that are uncombined,
      perhaps because of a structural abnormality or anatomical compartmentalization.

PMID- 6436289
TI  - Reduction of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in FSH-producing
      pituitary adenoma by bromocriptine.
AB  - An FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma was demonstrated in a 32-yr-old man who
      presented with unilateral optic atrophy without any clinical or laboratory
      evidence of hypogonadism. Semen analysis was normal, although basal FSH levels
      were markedly elevated (greater than 80 mIU/ml). He had normal plasma LH levels
      and no other detectable endocrine abnormalities. Administration of GnRH elicited
      delayed and sustained FSH and brisk LH responses. Administration of TRH resulted
      in TSH and PRL responses and unexpected FSH and LH elevations. Two surgical
      operations resulted in temporary reduction of plasma FSH levels, but it increased
      later concomitant with CT demonstration of tumor growth. After pituitary
      irradiation, no reduction in FSH levels occurred. A single dose of 5 mg
      bromocriptine elicited a significant reduction in FSH levels from 137 to 64
      mIU/ml. Long term treatment with 15 mg/day bromocriptine resulted in further
      reduction of FSH level, to 36.4 mIU/ml, without any change in tumor size. This
      finding implies that bromocriptine could be an adjunctive therapy or an
      alternative to other modes of treatment in patients with these rare tumors.

PMID- 6436290
TI  - Regulation of human B-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation by
      soluble factors.
AB  - This review describes a series of studies performed in our laboratory which have
      focused on the activation and subsequent proliferation and differentiation of
      human B lymphocytes. Utilizing polyclonal signals which activate B cells by
      interacting with their surface membrane Ig, we have examined the events in the
      transition of a resting B lymphocyte to an Ig-secreting cell. A major theme in
      these studies is the role of soluble factors in B cell proliferation and B cell
      differentiation. Specific B cell growth and differentiation factors are
      described. Data on their sources, biochemical characterization, and methods of
      assay are included. Additionally, the potential role of interleukin 2 in human B
      cell function is discussed. The recognition that B cells exist in a variety of
      activation states and that transition between different states is dependent upon
      different signals was the impetus for a series of studies which more precisely
      delineated these states and the signals involved. These findings and the
      observations from other investigators led to a proposed model of the sequential
      steps in a factor-dependent B cell differentiation pathway. This model is
      discussed and related to the mechanisms of T cell activation and growth. Finally,
      the effects of two pharmacologic agents, glucocorticoids and cyclosporin A, on
      human B cell function are described and discussed in the context of this model.

PMID- 6436291
TI  - Comparison of fluorescence polarization immunoassay and bioassay of vancomycin.
AB  - Human serum samples were analyzed for vancomycin concentrations by two different
      methods: the fluorescence polarization immunoassay and the disk plate bioassay.
      Each assay method offered acceptable precision. The correlation between both
      assay methods was excellent (correlation coefficient = 0.985). Excluding
      technical time, the bioassay was the least expensive method to perform but was
      more labor intensive than the fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

PMID- 6436292
TI  - Evaluation of rapid identification of gram-positive cocci in positive blood
      cultures by use of the AutoMicrobic system Gram-Positive Identification Card.
AB  - Because rapid identification of gram-positive organisms from blood cultures may
      provide valuable information for patient care and because the AutoMicrobic system
      Gram-Positive Identification (AMS-GPI) Card (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.)
      is designed for the identification of these organisms in 4 to 13 h, we designed
      this study to evaluate the performance of the AMS-GPI Card in the direct
      identification of gram-positive organisms upon detection of growth in blood
      culture bottles. We compared direct identification by the AMS-GPI Card with the
      final AMS-GPI Card identification and with our standard identification methods.
      We evaluated 51 gram-positive organisms from clinical blood cultures as well as
      49 simulated blood cultures. The isolates included Streptococcus pneumoniae (17),
      Streptococcus pyogenes (13), group D enterococci (12), Streptococcus agalactiae
      (11), viridans streptococci (10), coagulase-negative staphylococci (21),
      Staphylococcus aureus (15), and Listeria monocytogenes (1). The AMS-GPI Card
      identified all of the group D enterococci, viridans streptococci, and coagulase
      negative staphylococci and all but one each of the Streptococcus pyogenes and
      Streptococcus agalactiae isolates. L. monocytogenes was also correctly
      identified. However, the AMS-GPI Card identified only 12 of 17 Streptococcus
      pneumoniae and 9 of 15 Staphylococcus aureus isolates by direct inoculation. We
      therefore conclude that the results of direct identification of gram-positive
      organisms by the AMS-GPI Card may be used cautiously for rapid direct
      identification of gram-positive organisms from positive blood cultures.

PMID- 6436293
TI  - Comparison of latex agglutination and immunofluorescence for direct Lancefield
      grouping of streptococci from blood cultures.
AB  - Simulated positive blood cultures with 84 known stock strains of streptococci
      were used to comparatively evaluate the direct identification of these organisms
      by fluorescein-tagged antibody staining (immunofluorescence [IF]) and latex
      agglutination (LA). IF was not evaluated for Lancefield group D strains (a total
      of 81 strains tested) and had 89% sensitivity and 91% specificity. IF was least
      sensitive for the identification of Lancefield group F, in which three of seven
      strains showed no fluorescence with the group F reagent. Since LA was more
      convenient and revealed comparable sensitivities and specificities on 84
      simulated cultures, we tested this procedure using an additional 29 fresh
      positive clinical blood cultures, for a total of 113 cultures tested by this
      technique. Of 11 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, 9 reacted with the LA group C
      reagent, a problem not observed with IF. However, all these strains were
      identified by a rapid modified bile solubility test. Of the 12 Streptococcus
      faecalis strains, 4 were falsely negative with the group D reagent, but all were
      correctly identified by a rapid litmus milk reduction test. Of 12 group A
      strains, 1 was not detected. Of all 113 strains tested by LA, eliminating S.
      faecalis and S. pneumoniae, the sensitivity and specificity were 97 and 98%,
      respectively. LA was simple and reliable in the rapid identification of
      streptococci from blood cultures and appeared to be preferable to IF. When LA is
      used, the group D reagent should not be used, and all samples reacting with the
      group C reagent should be tested by a modified rapid bile solubility test to
      exclude S. pneumoniae.

PMID- 6436294
TI  - Specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine antibody to
      Brucella abortus.
AB  - Six soluble antigens prepared from Brucella abortus were compared with a salt
      extractable protein (CSP) antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the
      detection of antibody to B. abortus in cattle sera. Of seven preparations tested,
      antigens from B. abortus soluble antigen (prepared from an autoclaved cell
      suspension) and CSP were stable on frozen storage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay with CSP antigen under optimal conditions was from 100- to 700-fold more
      sensitive than the standard agglutination, card, Rivanol precipitation-plate
      agglutination, and the complement fixation tests in detecting immunoglobulin G
      antibody. From a practical point of view, however, using the most stringent
      criteria for determining an "upper negative" value, the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay with CSP was at least 12-fold more sensitive than the
      standard agglutination test and any of the other serological tests. Furthermore,
      the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with CSP was specific for antibody to B.
      abortus.

PMID- 6436295
TI  - Susceptibility of hepatitis B virus to disinfectants or heat.
AB  - Using direct chimpanzee inoculation as an assay method, we tested the abilities
      of the following chemical or physical treatments to inactivate hepatitis B virus
      in human plasma: 1% aqueous glutaraldehyde at 24 degrees C for 5 min, 0.1%
      aqueous glutaraldehyde at 24 degrees C for 5 min, 80% ethyl alcohol at 11 degrees
      C for 2 min, and heat at 98 degrees C for 2 min. All treatments were shown to be
      effective, indicating that the resistance level of the hepatitis B virus is not
      extreme.

PMID- 6436296
TI  - Comparative evaluation of three commercial products and
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of antigens in cerebrospinal
      fluid.
AB  - Three commercial products and counterimmunoelectrophoresis were evaluated for
      their ability to detect microbial antigens of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus
      influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid from 157 patients
      suspected of having meningitis. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed as having
      bacterial meningitis by culture, microscopy, or antigen detection. The overall
      results showed the following detection percentages; counterimmunoelectrophoresis,
      76%; Phadebact CSF, 76%; Directigen, 82%, and Bactigen, 93%. The results with
      purified antigen revealed that latex agglutination was more sensitive than
      coagglutination, which in turn was more sensitive than
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 6436297
TI  - Phenotypic factors correlated with the absence of virulence among gentamicin
      resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
AB  - Previous reports have suggested that clinical strains of gentamicin-resistant
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GRPA) generally produce only superficial infections
      (wounds, urinary tract infections) in contrast to their more invasive gentamicin
      susceptible counterparts (GSPA). In view of this finding, a comparative study of
      a number of phenotypic properties of 20 GRPA and GSPA strains (10 isolates) was
      assessed to determine how closely related these two populations are and how their
      phenotypic properties might reflect virulence. GRPA isolates were found to be
      more adherent to buccal cells than their susceptible counterparts (P = 0.0001).
      Motility, however, was generally restricted in the GRPA population when compared
      with GSPA isolates (P = 0.02), although on the basis of zone diameters, some
      strains overlapped into the other group. Enzymatically, GSPA isolates produced
      significantly more lipase activity against C-14 lipids than GRPA strains (P =
      0.04). No differences were recorded between the two populations in dye
      sensitivity or in their ability to grow on minimal media at 37 and 42 degrees C.
      Only 35% of the GRPA isolates agglutinated in 1 of the 17 monospecific antisera
      reactive for P. aeruginosa. The results of this study suggest that in vivo
      generated GRPA strains possess phenotypic properties intermediate between those
      described for in vitro-derived GRPA isolates and their progenitor GSPA strains.
      The increased adherence of clinical GRPA isolates to buccal cells may explain
      their predilection to produce wound and urinary tract infections, whereas their
      lack of systemic dissemination may be partially due to decreased motility and to
      reduced lipase production.

PMID- 6436298
TI  - Filter radioimmunoassay, a method for large-scale serotyping of Neisseria
      meningitidis.
AB  - A simple and rapid filter radioimmunoassay method can be used to serotype
      meningococcal strains on a large scale. The technique consists of simultaneous
      inoculation of 96 strains on nitrocellulose filters. The resulting colonies can
      be processed in situ, by extraction and fixation, incubation with antibodies and
      125I-labeled protein A, and, finally, autoradiography. Processing many filters
      simultaneously, one person can serotype thousands of meningococci in a week.
      Multiple filters with identical strain patterns can be stored after the fixation
      step for future screening. The use of monoclonal antibodies is essential;
      polyclonal antisera, even after extensive absorption, were not specific in this
      assay. When results from filter radioimmunoassay and Ouchterlony
      microprecipitation were compared for the serotyping of 201 Neisseria meningitidis
      strains for serotypes 2a and 2b, filter radioimmunoassay was sufficiently
      sensitive and specific to be useful in mass screening.

PMID- 6436299
TI  - Detection of Neisseria meningitidis group A, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and
      Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in cerebrospinal fluid specimens by antigen
      capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
AB  - Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was compared to coagglutination
      and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of meningococcal, Haemophilus,
      and pneumococcal antigens. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 1 ng of
      purified meningococcal and Haemophilus polysaccharides per ml and 5 ng of
      pneumococcal polysaccharide per ml; coagglutination detected 20, 25, and 30
      ng/ml, respectively, of these polysaccharides; and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
      detected 10, 50, and 60 ng/ml. Double-antibody sandwich-antiglobulin enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assays, which employed antibodies produced in two animal
      species, differentiated 100% of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from
      meningococcal meningitis patients and 95% of the CSFs from Haemophilus patients
      from heterologous control CSFs. Double-antibody sandwich procedures, which use
      the same antiserum preparation for coating the wells of microtiter plates and for
      alkaline phosphatase-conjugated immunoglobulin, differentiated meningococcal CSFs
      from control specimens but were unable to effectively differentiate the
      Haemophilus or pneumococcal specimens from control CSFs. Coagglutination detected
      specific antigen in 92% of the meningococcal CSFs, 80% of the Haemophilus CSFs,
      and 92% of the pneumococcal specimens. The comparable percentages for
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis were 76, 95, and 71%.

PMID- 6436300
TI  - Identification of Escherichia coli K1 antigen.
AB  - We compared the use of bacteriophage sensitivity, seroagglutination with
      polyclonal antisera raised in rabbits or horses, seroagglutination with murine
      monoclonal antibody, and the serum agar precipitin technique for the detection of
      K1 capsular polysaccharide among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli obtained
      from blood stream infections. Some E. coli isolates failed to yield agreement
      among these tests, indicating that reliable detection of K1 antigen may require
      the use of multiple tests.

PMID- 6436301
TI  - Economical, simple method for production of the gaseous environment required for
      cultivation of Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni is an enteric pathogen recognized worldwide as a cause of
      diarrhea. Its isolation from stool samples requires a microaerophilic environment
      that heretofore has been expensive and cumbersome to create. An economical,
      portable, and simple method is described which involves the production of
      appropriate concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Inside a plastic bag are
      placed two cups, one containing fine steel wool (grade 0) previously soaked in a
      2.5% aqueous solution of copper sulfate and the other containing an Alka-Seltzer
      tablet in tap water. As suggested by Jurgensen et al. (Rev. Bras. Pat. Clin.
      18:58-63, 1982), we used the effervescent antacid to generate CO2. By plate
      counts, we found this method to be as reliable in the cultivation of 20 isolates
      of C. jejuni in pure and mixed fecal culture as the reference gas method (85% N2,
      10% CO2, and 5% O2). Analyses of the gas mixture inside the bag after up to 24 h
      of incubation confirmed the creation of an atmosphere of reduced O2 and increased
      CO2 concentrations. This method is eminently suitable for field situations in
      which more costly supplies are not available.

PMID- 6436302
TI  - Use of 9-chloro-9-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan as a primary medium for
      recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical specimens.
AB  - Several concentrations of 9-chloro-9-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan (C
      390), ranging from 5 to 100 micrograms/ml, were incorporated in brain heart
      infusion agar, MacConkey agar, and xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar to evaluate
      the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 538 sputum, 174 urine, and 22 stool
      samples. Seventy-six sputum samples containing P. aeruginosa grew this bacterium
      alone on brain heart infusion and MacConkey agars with a C-390 concentration of
      25 micrograms/ml or greater. Other microorganisms present in these specimens grew
      only on media without C-390, and significantly less growth was observed on media
      with less than 20 micrograms of C-390 per ml. In few samples containing
      Klebsiella pneumoniae (3 of 30) and Serratia spp. (3 of 10), these organisms grew
      on all C-390 media and concentrations tested. The remaining sputum samples grew
      other bacteria and yeasts only on media without C-390. Brain heart infusion and
      MacConkey agars with C-390 were equally effective in recovering P. aeruginosa and
      suppressing the growth of a wide range of bacteria and yeasts from urine and
      stool samples. Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar with C-390 did not show a
      selective or suppressive advantage over xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar alone for
      recovering P. aeruginosa from stool specimens. These results indicate that use of
      the correct medium and C-390 concentration would provide a suitable primary
      medium for inhibiting a wide range of bacteria and yeasts and would select the
      growth of P. aeruginosa from clinical specimens.

PMID- 6436303
TI  - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and indirect hemagglutination assays
      for determining anthrax antibodies.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been established to measure anthrax
      antibody titers. The protective antigen component of anthrax toxin was used as
      the capture antigen. Two types of conjugates (protein A-horseradish peroxidase
      and anti-human immunoglobulin G plus immunoglobulin A plus immunoglobulin M
      horseradish peroxidase) were tested. Results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay testing were compared with those from indirect hemagglutination titers on
      serum from vaccinees. The overall trend of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and
      indirect hemagglutination titers was significant. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay offered speed, precision, and reduced cost per test.

PMID- 6436304
TI  - Correlation of bioluminescent assay of gentamicin in serum with agar diffusion
      assay, latex agglutination inhibition card test, enzyme immunoassay, and
      fluorescence immunoassay.
AB  - An improved bioluminescent assay of gentamicin in serum, based on the dose
      dependent effect of the agent on the accumulation of extracellular ATP in
      Escherichia coli LU 14 cultures, is presented. The accuracy of the bioluminescent
      assay of gentamicin, expressed as the mean coefficient of variation over the
      therapeutic range, was 2.8%. Corresponding figures for an agar diffusion assay, a
      latex agglutination inhibition card test, an enzyme immunoassay, and a
      fluorescence immunoassay were 6.4, 17.5, 4.2, and 9.4%, respectively. All of the
      methods correlated well (r = 0.926 to 0.976), with the possible exception of the
      card test (r = 0.777 to 0.841). The bioluminescent assay requires only 1
      microliter of serum, which allows for capillary sampling, and results are
      available within 75 min.

PMID- 6436305
TI  - Infectivity titration of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus: use of
      immune adherence hemagglutination for detection of virus growth.
AB  - Serial dilutions of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses were inoculated
      into Vero-E6 cells in microplates. After 2 weeks of incubation, infected cells
      were disrupted by freezing and thawing, and virus antigens were detected by
      immune adherence hemagglutination. The infectivity titers of the virus as
      determined by this method were in close agreement with those obtained by the
      immunofluorescent antigen endpoint method. Then, a neutralization method was
      established. Japanese hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome isolates, strains SR
      11 and TR-352, were found to be distinct from Hantaan virus, strain 76-118, by
      the neutralization test.

PMID- 6436306
TI  - Radiometric studies with gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography for rapid
      demonstration of hemin dependence and characterization of Mycobacterium
      haemophilum.
AB  - Eight isolates of Mycobacterium haemophilum were evaluated by radiometric methods
      to determine whether this test system could support the growth of these organisms
      as well as demonstrate their growth requirements for iron complexes such as
      hemin, ferric ammonium citrate, and blood. In addition, gas-liquid and thin-layer
      chromatography were evaluated to determine whether these procedures could further
      differentiate M. haemophilum from other mycobacteria. During the initial 24 to 48
      h, there was no significant difference between the radiometric test broths
      containing iron complexes and control broths without iron supplementation. After
      48 h, the test growth index readings rapidly increased, and control broth
      readings leveled off and declined. The mean growth index reading of the test
      broths after 6 days of incubation was 100 times that of the controls. The mean
      incubation time with supplemented 7H10 agar was 17 days. The use of radiometric
      media resulted in the demonstration of hemin dependence by M. haemophilum
      significantly earlier than with 7H10 agar. Of the three supplements studied,
      whole blood provided the greatest growth rate, followed by ferric ammonium
      citrate and hemin. When 12 species of mycobacteria other than M. haemophilum were
      radiometrically evaluated, no isolate demonstrated an iron complex requirement.
      Gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography procedures were able to rapidly
      differentiate M. haemophilum from the other 12 Mycobacterium species.

PMID- 6436307
TI  - Evaluation of five commercially available immunodiffusion kits for detection of
      Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum antibodies.
AB  - Five commercial test kits for the serodiagnosis of coccidioidomycosis and
      histoplasmosis based upon immunodiffusion were evaluated. The correlation of
      results with the test kits in the Clinical Laboratory varied from 71 to 100% for
      coccidioidomycosis. The correlation for coccidioidomycosis immunodiffusion
      testing varied from 57 to 83% when results from the test kits and the Mycology
      Research Laboratory were compared. Only 81% correlation was noted between the two
      laboratories when the same reference system was used. Results with the test kits
      for Histoplasma serodiagnosis and results from the Mycology Research Laboratory
      showed a correlation of 52 to 75%. There were no false-positive results with any
      system. All of the commercial kits were 100% specific for the diagnosis of both
      coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, but the sensitivity of the immunodiffusion
      tests varied with the system used.

PMID- 6436308
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in New York City hospitals:
      inter-hospital spread of resistant strains of type 88.
AB  - A survey of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus received for
      phage typing indicated a marked increase of resistant strains received in 1982
      and 1983. Of 62 hospitals in New York City which sent strains for phage typing,
      35 had methicillin-resistant isolates. A significant development was the presence
      of strains of the same phage type at several hospitals, indicating a possible
      inter-hospital spread of these strains. Among strains present at several
      hospitals, the largest group was of experimental phage type 88. Strains of type
      88 were received from 23 hospitals, representing 56% of all methicillin-resistant
      strains received from New York City hospitals. Strains of type 88 were resistant
      to all antistaphylococcal antibiotics, with the exception of vancomycin, and
      represented a major source of nosocomial infections at 13 hospitals. As
      experimental phage 88 is not routinely used for typing in U.S. laboratories, the
      nationwide distribution of strains of type 88 is difficult to assess.

PMID- 6436309
TI  - Influence of growth medium on the in vitro activities of second- and third
      generation cephalosporins against Streptococcus faecalis.
AB  - The influence of culture medium of the MICs of eight cephalosporins for 45
      strains of Streptococcus faecalis was investigated. The MICs of cephalothin,
      cefamandole, and cefoperazone were not substantially influenced by the type of
      culture medium used. In contrast, MICs of cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime,
      cefmenoxime, and ceftriaxone varied markedly with both the commercial brand and
      the blood content of the broth used. The use of Mueller-Hinton broths (from Oxoid
      Ltd., GIBCO Diagnostics, and Difco Laboratories) supplemented with 5% lysed sheep
      blood frequently resulted in MICs that were greater than or equal to 16 times
      lower than the MICs obtained with these same broths without blood. Similar, but
      less marked, patterns were observed when supplemented and unsupplemented brain
      heart infusion and Sceptor broths were used. The influence of the broth on MICs
      suggests a complex interaction between some cephalosporins, medium components,
      and organisms. The cephalosporins that were affected by media share an identical
      moiety at the 7-acyl position (cefuroxime is slightly different), but this
      structure is not shared by those cephalosporins that were not affected. This
      commonality in structure at the 7-acyl position may be partially responsible for
      the observed results.

PMID- 6436310
TI  - Evaluation of cost-effectiveness and rationale for use of a selective culture
      plate for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from stool specimens.
AB  - An assessment was made of the necessity of performing routine screening for
      Staphylococcus aureus in stool specimens. A total of 527 stool specimens were
      evaluated. Because of the rare incidence of staphylococcal enterocolitis and the
      high ($2.50) screening cost, the results of this evaluation suggest that such a
      screening need not be performed routinely.

PMID- 6436311
TI  - Efficacy of an enzyme immunoassay with uncentrifuged first-voided urine for
      detection of gonorrhea in males.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) for
      detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens was used to screen 184 urethral or
      uncentrifuged first-voided urine or both specimens from males and 78 cervical
      specimens. When compared with culture, the sensitivity and specificity of
      Gonozyme for cervical and urethral specimens were comparable to those in
      published reports. The sensitivity and specificity for urine specimens were 91.6
      and 97.9%, respectively.

PMID- 6436312
TI  - Further research on the classification of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.

PMID- 6436313
TI  - Modified enzyme immunoassay for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens.
AB  - A commercial modification of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Gonozyme; Abbott
      Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      antigens was compared with conventional culturing. Specimens from males and
      females were collected at a sexually transmitted disease clinic; additional
      female specimens were collected at an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. EIA
      sensitivity and specificity for males were 100 and 98.6%, respectively (68
      negative, 34 positive, 1 false-positive, and 0 false-negative). EIA sensitivity
      and specificity for female sexually transmitted disease clinic patients were 74.4
      and 95.7%, respectively (66 negative, 29 positive, 3 false-positive, and 10 false
      negative) EIA sensitivity and specificity for obstetrics and gynecology clinic
      patients were 100 and 99.2%, respectively (6 positive, 119 negative, 1 false
      positive, and 0 false-negative). In female patients from whom multiple swab
      specimens were collected, the sequence of specimen collection and subsequent EIA
      analysis affected sensitivity.

PMID- 6436314
TI  - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in
      measurement of antibodies to Neisseria meningitidis group A capsular
      polysaccharide.
AB  - Antibodies to meningococcal group A polysaccharide were determined by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum
      samples from 16 adults vaccinated with bivalent meningococcal group A and C
      polysaccharide vaccine. The specific antibody levels in the serum samples were
      expressed as micrograms of antibody protein per milliliter of serum. For RIA the
      polysaccharide was radiolabeled extrinsically with 125I. Both native
      polysaccharide and polysaccharide labeled with 127I were used in ELISA. Because
      these antigens gave similar results, it can be concluded that the introduction of
      tyramine and iodine by the labeling procedure did not alter the antigenic
      activity of the polysaccharide. The reproducibility of RIA was clearly better
      than that of ELISA. The antibody levels detected by the methods were equal, which
      means that ELISA can be used satisfactorily to measure antibodies to
      meningococcal group A polysaccharide quantitatively. Some discrepant results were
      found due to an underestimation of immunoglobulin M antibodies in ELISA. This was
      shown by a correlation test in which a weakly significant negative correlation
      was found between the immunoglobulin M antibody level/immunoglobulin G antibody
      level ratio and the RIA antibody level/ELISA antibody level ratio.

PMID- 6436315
TI  - Evaluation of Gonochek-II as a rapid identification system for pathogenic
      Neisseria species.
AB  - The Gonochek-II test kit (E-Y Laboratories, San Mateo, Calif.) may be used to
      rapidly identify (within 30 min) Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis,
      Neisseria lactamica, and Branhamella catarrhalis. The kit consists of oxidase
      swabs, chromogenic substrates, and EY-20 reagent (diazonium salt derivative). A
      beta-lactamase tube is also included. Fifty-two clinical isolates were tested
      from cervical (22 isolates), urethral (13), throat (11), rectal (5), and urine
      (1) sources. All strains were oxidase-positive, gram-negative diplococci isolated
      on Thayer-Mayer plates incubated at 35 degrees C in 5% CO2 for 18 to 24 h. Each
      strain was tested by Gonochek-II, RapID NH (Innovative Diagnostics, Decatur,
      Ga.), and conventional rapid carbohydrate utilization. Forty-four isolates of N.
      gonorrhoeae and six N. meningitidis were identified. Only two isolates tested
      (4%) were identified as species other than these two. Gonochek-II outperformed
      all other methods for identification of N. gonorrhoeae from cervical and urethral
      areas. N. meningitidis strains were correctly identified in all cases. Ease and
      rapidity of the procedure, coupled with a small inoculum requirement and reliable
      results, led us to favor Gonochek-II for routine identification of pathogenic
      Neisseria species.

PMID- 6436316
TI  - Association of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 with
      intravenous abuse of pentazocine mixed with tripelennamine.
AB  - From July 1979 to June 1983, 25 of 40 intravenous drug addicts with systemic
      infections had Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the etiological agent; by 1982, P.
      aeruginosa had replaced Staphylococcus aureus as the most common pathogen. At
      least 21 of the 25 addicts with P. aeruginosa infection abused pentazocine mixed
      with tripelennamine (commonly known as T's and blues) compared with 6 of 15
      addicts infected with other pathogens (P = 0.006). Of the 25 P. aeruginosa
      isolates, 23 were of serotype O11. Phenotypic patterns in isolates from addicts
      and in 22 serotype O11 control isolates from nonaddicts were determined by pyocin
      and electrophoretic enzyme typing, as well as by susceptibility to heavy metals
      and antibiotics. Of 25 isolates from addicts, 20 were identical or differed by
      only one marker, whereas the 22 nonaddict serotype O11 isolates were distributed
      among 17 distinct phenotypic patterns. We postulate that the emergence of P.
      aeruginosa as the major cause of deep infection in addicts is a consequence of
      contamination of their paraphernalia during preparation of pentazocine and
      tripelennamine for self-injection. The phenotypic similarity among isolates from
      addicts may reflect acquisition from related environmental sources and an unusual
      ability of certain serotype O11 strains to survive preparation of the drugs or to
      be invasive.

PMID- 6436317
TI  - Quality control of susceptibility tests with 5-micrograms trimethoprim disks.
AB  - In 1981 and again in 1984, we performed multi-laboratory studies to develop
      quality control limits for susceptibility tests with 5-micrograms trimethoprim
      disks. Zone size limits of 21 to 28 mm are recommended for tests with Escherichia
      coli ATCC 25922, and limits of 19 to 26 mm are recommended for tests with
      Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. For screening Mueller-Hinton agar, tests with
      Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 33186 or ATCC 29212 are recommended: zones should be
      fairly clear and greater than or equal to 22 mm (trimethoprim disks) or greater
      than or equal to 24 mm (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole disks).

PMID- 6436318
TI  - Comparison of microdilution and agar dilution procedures for testing antibiotic
      susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Studies were run in parallel to compare the broth microdilution method and the
      chocolate agar dilution method for testing antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae. Six clinically relevant drugs were tested against 23 clinical
      isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, including several penicillinase-producing, as well as
      multiply resistant, strains. Results showed that the MIC obtained by the two
      methods were not significantly different. The microdilution method appears to be
      a more sensitive system for discriminating penicillinase activity. The
      microdilution system is a more expedient method for screening new antibacterial
      agents and is more readily adaptable to new automated equipment.

PMID- 6436319
TI  - Compatibility and stability of TPN mixtures in big bags.

PMID- 6436320
TI  - Lead-induced convulsions in young infants--a case history and the role of GABA
      and sodium valproate in the pathogenesis and treatment.
AB  - A detailed case history of lead poisoning in a young infant is presented.
      Attention is directed towards the nature of the induced convulsions observed in
      such cases and the possible role of the GABAergic neuroinhibitory system. In
      vitro data demonstrating direct lead-GABA interaction is presented and sodium
      valproate, an effective anticonvulsant which affects GABA function, is shown to
      be an appropriate agent for medication in lead-induced convulsions. The
      hypothesis is presented that lead interacts with GABA which thereby reduces the
      neuroinhibition and that this may be counteracted by the action of sodium
      valproate.

PMID- 6436321
TI  - Effects of ascorbic acid and disodium edetate on the stability of isoprenaline
      hydrochloride injection.
AB  - Disodium edetate (0.01%), either alone or in combination with ascorbic acid
      (0.1%) was an effective stabilizer for isoprenaline injection B.P. but adjustment
      to pH 2.8 was necessary. The bubbling of nitrogen through the solution in the
      ampoule before sealing did not prevent degradation in unprotected solutions.
      Solutions sterilized by filtration or by autoclaving for 30 min at 116 degrees C
      were stable for at least 1 year at 5 degrees C or 25 degrees C.

PMID- 6436322
TI  - Stability of noxythiolin solutions stored in plastic and glass containers.
AB  - The stability of two different concentrations (1% and 2.5% w/v) of noxythiolin
      (Noxyflex and Noxyflex S) stored at a variety of temperatures (4, 20 and 37
      degrees C) in both plastic and glass bottles has been examined over a period of
      40 days. During this period noxythiolin solutions held at 20 degrees and 37
      degrees C attained equilibrium (K = 0.285 +/- 0.015 mol/l). Neither noxythiolin
      nor its degradation products (N-methylthiourea and formaldehyde) were absorbed by
      the plastic (polypropylene) containers used. Therefore, noxythiolin solutions can
      be stored in certain plastic (polypropylene) containers under the same conditions
      as recommended for glass bottles.

PMID- 6436323
TI  - Detection of early atherosclerotic lesions by duplex scanning of the carotid
      artery.
AB  - A high-resolution ultrasound B-mode imaging system combined with a 16-sequential
      range-gated pulsed Doppler flow measuring device was used for the evaluation of
      nonstenotic extracranial carotid artery disease. Various types of atherosclerotic
      lesions were differentiated by Duplex system examinations in 54 carotid arteries
      examined in vitro in a postmortem study and in 51 carotid arteries examined in
      vivo from patients with angiographically proven cerebrovascular disease. In
      addition, the multigated Doppler system allowed the analysis of flow velocity
      profiles throughout the carotid arteries, the distinction between intraarterial
      flow and recent thrombus, and in particular the estimation of local flow
      alterations, which are diagnostic in the presence of sonolucent and shadowed
      plaques behind echo-dense lesions. A number of difficulties, which at present
      limit the application of Duplex system examination as a non-invasive "stand
      alone" method for detecting carotid disease, are discussed.

PMID- 6436324
TI  - Sonographic findings in leukemic renal disease.
AB  - The ultrasonic findings in 10 patients with diffuse leukemic infiltration of the
      kidneys are described. The findings are analogous to those seen pathologically
      and include enlargement of the kidneys, diffuse leukemic infiltration of the
      renal cortex with sparing of the adjacent medullae, loss of definition and
      distortion of the renal sinus echo complex and a focal mass. The ultrasound
      findings correlated well with those seen with intravenous urography making it the
      preferable screening modality for the initial detection of renal involvement,
      subsequent follow-up and response to therapy in leukemic patients.

PMID- 6436325
TI  - Effect of aging on common bile duct diameter: a real-time ultrasonographic study.
AB  - Using a high-resolution real-time scanner, a technique has been established in
      our laboratory for visualizing the entire extrahepatic bile duct with multiple
      longitudinal oblique approaches and, if necessary, several transverse scans
      through the pancreatic head. To determine the normal size of the extrahepatic
      bile duct and to evaluate the effect of aging on the duct diameter, 256 healthy
      subjects and patients without hepatobiliary disease were examined using this
      technique from January to August, 1982. The entire extrahepatic duct was detected
      in 203. The inner diameter of the widest point of the duct varied from 1 mm to 10
      mm, and was found to be age-dependent (r = 0.60, P less than 0.001). It is
      concluded that, based on the visualization of the entire extrahepatic duct
      echographically, the normal inner diameter of common bile duct can be up to 10
      mm, and there is a mild change of duct size with age.

PMID- 6436326
TI  - Ultrasonography and CT of abdominal and inguinal hernias.
AB  - Forty-two patients with various abdominal wall hernias and five patients with
      inguinal hernias were studied with ultrasonography. Thirteen patients were
      studied by CT. Although hernias are usually apparent on physical examination,
      difficulty in diagnosis may be encountered in some patients. Ultrasonography and
      CT are not only capable of diagnosing hernia in such instances, they are also
      helpful in the clinical management of the patients by demonstrating the precise
      location and extent of the muscular defect. However, the hernia may simulate a
      mass or cyst in the ultrasonograph and CT scan and one should carefully
      demonstrate intraperitoneal communication through a muscular defect or a
      herniated bowl loop within the hernia in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
      Pseudohernias due to localized thinning or thickening of the rectus muscle were
      also observed in five patients.

PMID- 6436327
TI  - Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff: surgical correlation.
AB  - Rotator cuff tears are a common orthopedic problem. The portions of the cuff most
      commonly torn are accessible to sonographic examination with appropriate
      positioning of the shoulder. This study was undertaken to correlate the
      sonographic appearance of the pathologic rotator cuff with findings at the time
      of surgical repair. Rotator cuff tears are readily seen with high-resolution real
      time sonography. Sonography can demonstrate tears not demonstrated
      arthrographically. In the appropriate clinical setting arthrography may not be
      necessary if the sonogram demonstrates characteristic findings.

PMID- 6436328
TI  - Development of health risk evaluation data for diagnostic ultrasound: a
      historical perspective.
AB  - The growth of ultrasound applications in diagnostic medicine has helped stimulate
      related biological effects investigations. Current data related to effects
      associated with diagnostic ultrasound indicate the need for additional research
      on cell surface structures, motility and developmental effects. Research on
      biological effects, especially for evaluating in vivo end points analogous to
      those employed by investigators using in vitro systems and simple organisms, are
      needed. Particular emphasis relative to potential effects on fetal and embroyonic
      development is indicated. Limited data also suggest the need to investigate
      possible effects on the immune response. There is a growing realization of the
      potential importance of nonthermal effects and increasing evidence that the
      temporal peak intensity is potentially related to the production of some effects.
      A number of recent comprehensive reviews have helped identify, analyze and
      evaluate some of the relevant data.

PMID- 6436329
TI  - Demonstration of electrical and mechanical alternans in malignant pericardial
      effusion with 2-D echocardiography.

PMID- 6436330
TI  - Ultrasonically controlled removal of an intrauterine contraceptive device.

PMID- 6436331
TI  - Ultrasound demonstration of a pheochromocytoma of the bladder.

PMID- 6436332
TI  - Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal teratoma of the neck.

PMID- 6436333
TI  - Ultrasonographic identification of portal vein gas.

PMID- 6436334
TI  - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of spontaneous rupture of the liver in pregnancy.

PMID- 6436335
TI  - Neonatal ovarian cyst diagnosed antenatally: report of two patients.

PMID- 6436336
TI  - Plasmids in throat and genital isolates of meningococci.
AB  - Plasmids 1.6, 2.8, or greater than 40 megadaltons in size were found in one
      urethral and nine throat strains of meningococci. Throat meningococci are known
      to be heterogeneous in their aminopeptidase profiles. Their unexpected content of
      plasmids is further evidence of their difference from classic systemic strains.
      Although the 2.8 megadalton plasmid has some resemblance to the well known 2.6
      megadalton gonococcal plasmid, restriction enzyme studies gave no evidence of
      identity. Possible sources of the plasmids are discussed.

PMID- 6436337
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein involved in the antibody response in human
      infection.
AB  - Antigen from purified Mycoplasma pneumoniae organisms treated with Tween-80-ether
      was used in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay and compared with the conventional
      lipid containing complement fixation antigen for measuring antibodies in sera
      from patients with aseptic or bacterial meningitis or with apparent M pneumoniae
      infection. In immunoblotting of the enzyme immunoassay antigen, enzyme
      immunoassay positive sera detected a polypeptide at Mr = 180.000-200.000, while
      enzyme immunoassay negative sera whether positive or negative in the complement
      fixation test did not. These results indicate that the enzyme immunoassay antigen
      containing the high molecular weight polypeptide can be used to measure M
      pneumoniae antibodies more specifically than the conventional lipid containing
      complement fixation antigen.

PMID- 6436338
TI  - Evaluation of sealed containers for use in centrifuges by a dynamic
      microbiological test method.
AB  - A dynamic microbiological test has been used to assess the safety of sealed
      containers for use in laboratory centrifuges. When 26 models of containers
      (buckets or rotors) were examined 27% failed to contain aerosols. Some of the
      reasons for the failures are described.

PMID- 6436339
TI  - Factor VIII concentrate as a source of fibronectin for replacement therapy.

PMID- 6436340
TI  - Tricyclic-induced electroencephalogram abnormalities and plasma drug
      concentrations.
AB  - In a double-blind study of 34 randomly assigned depressed inpatients,
      antidepressant-induced electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities were compared in
      amitriptyline-treated versus bupropion-treated patients. Drug-free baseline EEGs
      plus one or more repeat EEGs under pharmacokinetic steady state conditions were
      obtained. Of the 34 patients, eight developed EEG abnormalities. Seven were on
      amitriptyline and one was on bupropion (chi 2 = 13.77, df = 3, p less than 0.01).
      All but one of the amitriptyline-treated patients with EEG abnormalities had
      plasma concentrations above its therapeutic range (150 to 250 ng/ml), whereas all
      with normal EEGs were within or below this range.

PMID- 6436341
TI  - Afferents to the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden in the mouse, rat, and cat.
AB  - Afferents to the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden (VT) were investigated in
      mice, rats, and cats. Unilateral and bilateral injections or iontophoretical
      applications of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into the region of the VT.
      The entire cerebrum was then screened for labeled neurons. Following injections
      situated principally within the VT, in all three species many retrogradely
      labeled neurons were observed in the mamillary bodies and the lateral habenular
      nuclei. Fewer labeled cells were observed in the prefrontal cortex, the basal
      forebrain, various hypothalamic nuclei, the interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of
      the posterior commissure, nucleus of Darkschewitsch and interstitial nucleus of
      Cajal, vestibular nucleus, and nucleus praepositus hypoglossi. Scant but
      consistent labeling occurred in the cingular, retrosplenial, and insular
      cortices, within the medial forebrain bundle, fields of Forel, zona incerta,
      ventral tegmental area of Tsai, substantia nigra, pretectal area, periaqueductal
      gray, dorsal tegmental nucleus, locus ceruleus, and raphe complex. Our results
      show a high similarity in the distribution of afferent connections converging on
      the VT of mice, rats, and cats. They indicate furthermore that the VT is reached
      by a variety of cortical and subcortical afferents, which belong either to the
      limbic system or to brain stem regions related to motor, sensory, and autonomic
      functions. It is suggested that the VT subserves as a midbrain core structure of
      the limbic system, which is responsible for the transfer of motor, sensory, and
      autonomic informations arising within the brain stem to limbic forebrain
      structures.

PMID- 6436342
TI  - Host-seeking behavior of Sarcoptes scabiei.
AB  - Sarcoptes scabiei mites perceive specific host stimuli and are attracted to the
      host. Mites dislodged from the host respond to both host odor and a thermal
      stimulus and seek its source. The response to thermal and host odor stimuli are
      independent. Mites in close proximity to the body respond to both stimuli and
      show no preference for either. At greater distances from the host, odor is the
      more important stimulus.

PMID- 6436343
TI  - Kinetics of methionine and choline and their incorporation into plasma lipids and
      milk components in lactating goats.
AB  - Rates of entry of L-methionine and choline and their incorporations into lipids
      of blood plasma and milk components were studied in lactating goats fed a
      concentrate-roughage ration with primed constant infusion of L-[methyl-carbon-14]
      methionine and [methyl-carbon-14] choline. Entry rates of methionine and choline
      were 30 and 47 mumol/h/kg body weight. Of the methionine pool, 10 and 28% were
      recovered in carbon dioxide and choline of blood plasma, but the contribution of
      methionine to the total carbon dioxide production was negligible. Two percent of
      serine was derived from methionine. Six percent of the choline pool was derived
      from methionine, whereas labeled choline was not recovered in methionine.
      Methionine and choline contributed to at least 4 and 19% of the phospholipid
      pool. Of the methionine dose, .2 and 3.7% appeared in milk lactose and protein.
      Little (.3%) labeled choline was recovered in milk; however, its contribution to
      milk fat was 10 times as high as that of methionine. The lipogenic effect of
      methionine in the liver is proposed as one mechanism among others stimulating
      production of milk and milk fat.

PMID- 6436344
TI  - Secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from
      overfeeding dairy heifers.
AB  - Secretory effects of gonadotropins and various ovarian and uterine measurements
      were investigated in 22 prepubertal or postpubertal dairy heifers fed a
      concentrate to forage ration (60:40) in restricted or ad libitum amounts until
      they gained 125 kg. Average daily gain of heifers on restricted feeding was 613 g
      compared with 1218 g for heifers fed for ad libitum intake. During three stages
      of the experiment blood was collected either at 30-min intervals for two 4-h
      periods (Stage I and III) or at frequent intervals before and after an injection
      of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (Stage II). At the end of Stage III, all
      heifers were slaughtered, and ovaries and uteri were collected. Of the variables
      measured in ovaries and uteri, nutrition affected only number of uterine
      caruncles (76.5 in ad libitum versus 59.7 in restricted-fed heifers). Excess
      feeding increased frequency of luteinizing hormone pulses during Stage I but not
      during Stage II. However, amplitude baseline and overall concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone were unaffected. Release of luteinizing hormone induced by
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was reduced in heifers with ad libitum
      intake. Secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone was not affected by
      overfeeding.

PMID- 6436345
TI  - Concentrations and composition of glycosaminoglycans in the female bovine
      reproductive tract.
AB  - Our objective was to isolate glycosaminoglycans from various regions of the
      female bovine reproductive tract to ascertain their concentrations and
      composition. Oviducts, uterine horns, and cervices from 104 female bovine
      reproductive tracts obtained at slaughter were flushed with 5 ml phosphate
      buffered saline. Following proteolysis, glycosaminoglycans were isolated by
      alcoholic precipitation, and concentrations were quantitated by high performance
      liquid chromatography. Concentrations of glycosaminoglycans decreased
      significantly anterior to the cervix. There was an increase of chondroitin
      sulfates and heparin-like material in estrual cervical mucus compared with
      cervical mucus collected during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle.

PMID- 6436346
TI  - Are medical costs too high?

PMID- 6436347
TI  - Federal financing of dental services.
AB  - Federal support of health services delivery has been closely tied to social
      welfare and economic assistance legislation. Its underlying premise has been that
      health services should be provided by government only when individuals and
      families are unable to cope with health problems on their own. Dental care has
      never drawn a major share of health and welfare resources. It has been authorized
      in general terms by various statutes, but seldom have funds been earmarked
      specifically for dental services. Accordingly, the history of federal financing
      of dental services shows a gradual but progressive extension of services to
      populations and communities unable to obtain services on their own. Over time, a
      system of federal grants-in-aid has been built through which assistance is
      provided to state agencies or directly to communities or individuals. Table 3
      provides a summary of the major programs. Before 1965, states received little
      federal support for dental services, except for funds provided through maternal
      and child health or crippled children's programs. Although Social Security
      authorized other public assistance funds that could be used for dental services,
      these were used principally to provide health services for the elderly. The
      relatively slow growth of federal dental programs accelerated during the Johnson
      and Nixon administrations. The explosion of health legislation during these years
      significantly broadened the federal role in providing health services to
      individuals and communities. Medicaid, the OEO programs, the health planning
      acts, migrant health, Appalachian Regional Development, Model Cities, and other
      statutes had significant impact on the accessibility and availability of dental
      services in poor, disadvantaged, rural, and otherwise underserved
      communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436348
TI  - The efficiency of caries prevention with weekly fluoride mouthrinses.

PMID- 6436349
TI  - Influence of payor mix on hospital dental practice.

PMID- 6436350
TI  - The main determinants of nitrogen balance during total parenteral nutrition in
      critically ill injured patients.
AB  - Factors influencing nitrogen balance during total parenteral nutrition have been
      investigated in 34 critically ill injured patients studied during the first 6
      days after trauma. Basal nitrogen balance was severely negative (-0.26 +/- 0.12
      (SD) g X kg-1), but improved consistently during treatment. Nitrogen intake
      proved to be the major determinant of a positive, or less negative, nitrogen
      balance, only secondarily followed by total energy intake corrected to predicted
      basal energy expenditure, according to multiple regression analysis. The amount
      of non-protein calories and the non-protein calorie to nitrogen ratio appeared to
      have little significance on nitrogen balance, when corrected for the two former
      variables.

PMID- 6436351
TI  - Influence of different heparin solutions upon blood gas analysis and biochemical
      values measured in plasma.
AB  - Three types of heparin solutions and their effect on blood gas analysis were
      investigated in four series of dilutions. pCO2, bicarbonate and pH are related to
      changes caused by the addition of heparin solution to the sample. These changes
      may simulate respiratory compensation of a metabolic acidosis. The effects of
      addition of different volumes and types of heparin solution were investigated.
      The accuracy of other routine biochemical values were also assessed in plasma and
      compared with serum. We found significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase,
      inorganic phosphorus and total protein results. This may be due to the clotting
      process in the serum samples.

PMID- 6436352
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6436353
TI  - Effect of sodium nitroprusside on ventilation-perfusion mismatching in heart
      failure.
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside has been shown to lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen
      (PaO2) in patients with congestive heart failure and respiratory failure. The
      multiple inert gas elimination technique was used to evaluate the effect of
      sodium nitroprusside infusion on pulmonary gas exchange in five patients with
      congestive heart failure. During sodium nitroprusside infusion, mean values of
      cardiac output increased and mean values of arterial pressure, pulmonary artery
      pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance
      decreased. Cardiac output increased in each patient and PaO2 decreased in all but
      one patient (mean 75.6 +/- 15.1 to 68 +/- 17.5 mm Hg, p = 0.032). Distributions
      of ventilation and perfusion showed increased perfusion of lung units with low
      (less than or equal to 0.1) ventilation-perfusion ratios in all subjects during
      sodium nitroprusside infusion (mean 3.89 +/- 1.52 to 11.33 +/- 7.42% of cardiac
      output, p = 0.027, paired t test). The amount of shunt (fractional perfusion of
      lung units with ventilation-perfusion ratio = 0) increased in the two patients
      with some shunt present in the baseline measurements. The mean total low
      ventilation-perfusion perfusion (shunt plus ventilation-perfusion less than or
      equal to 0.1) was significantly increased from 4.38 +/- 1.54 to 14.7 +/- 9.37% (p
      = 0.023) during sodium nitroprusside infusion. Total low ventilation-perfusion
      perfusion was negatively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure and
      pulmonary artery wedge pressure (r = -0.949 and -0.946, respectively). Although
      sodium nitroprusside infusion increased cardiac output and overall oxygen
      transport in all patients, it worsened ventilation-perfusion mismatching. The
      mechanism is probably pulmonary vasodilation or increased cardiac output, or
      both.

PMID- 6436354
TI  - Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of adverse reactions to aspirin and
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Aspirin (ASA) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) share common
      pharmacologic effects in the prevention of inflammation, at least in part through
      inhibition of prostaglandin formation. ASA and NSAIDs have predictable side
      effects such as gastric pain, ecchymosis, and tinnitus. They also cause
      anaphylactoid shock, urticaria/angioedema, nephropathy, and hepatitis in
      individuals who appear to be normal and in whom prediction of such reactions
      cannot be made. Two selected populations of patients are likely to experience
      hypersensitivity reactions to both ASA and NSAIDs. Patients with asthma have an
      8% to 20% chance of experiencing asthmatic attacks after ingesting ASA and NSAID.
      If such patients have associated rhinosinusitis (polyps), prevalence increases to
      30% to 40%. Patients with chronic urticaria/angioedema have a 21% to 30% chance
      of experiencing an urticarial flare after ingesting ASA and NSAIDs.

PMID- 6436355
TI  - Parenteral nutrition--a new horizon for dietitians.

PMID- 6436356
TI  - Calculating parenteral feedings: a programmed instruction.
AB  - A programmed learning tool on how to calculate and use parenteral feedings is
      presented. The format includes a brief text (frame), then questions and answers
      about the text. The 42 frames provide the reader a step-by-step explanation of
      (a) when parenteral feedings are used; (b) the differences between central and
      peripheral administration; (c) the calculation of nutrient needs, including
      calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fluids, vitamins, and minerals; (d) the
      percent solutions of those nutrients available and their caloric value; (e) the
      calculation of the solution osmolarity; and (f) the integration of the nutrients
      needed into the composition of the parenteral solution for the patient. The
      programmed instruction gives readers the basic framework for beginning their use
      of parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6436357
TI  - Effective use of total parenteral nutrition in an ileostomy patient.
AB  - Several goals were achieved through nutritional support of a 52-year-old female
      ileostomy patient who was admitted with dehydration, clinical malnutrition of a
      kwashiorkor type, and excessive body fat. Initially, parenteral nutrition was
      used to stabilize the patient. A total parenteral nutrition solution was
      calculated to meet the patient's energy, protein, mineral, vitamin, and fluid
      needs, including special needs resulting from the loss of fluid and electrolytes
      via the ostomy. The patient was subsequently weaned onto enteral feeding and then
      onto food plus an enteral mineral and vitamin drip. Nutritional status was
      improved (e.g., positive nitrogen balance was established); the patient absorbed
      nutrients better; and some lean body mass was restored, while total body weight
      decreased.

PMID- 6436358
TI  - Dietary compliance for pediatric burned patients.
AB  - Physician diet orders written for pediatric burned patients frequently differ
      from the diets patients actually receive. At Shriners Burns Institute in Boston,
      such deviations from the diet order were generally not recognized for at least
      two days. In order to increase compliance with physician diet orders, changes in
      the nutritional support program were implemented which included physician diet
      orders containing specific macronutrient requirements in addition to the caloric
      goal, which was changed in response to recent research demonstrating that the
      previously used formula provided excessive calories; introduction of modular
      diets for parenteral and enteral feedings; institution of daily nutrition flow
      sheets; and a change of the time at which daily caloric intake records were
      calculated. In order to assess the benefits of the new measures, the average
      deviation from the caloric goal was calculated for patients who did not receive
      the new assessment tools (control group, N = 51), compared with those who did
      (study group, N = 50). Least squares regression analysis indicated a trend toward
      improved compliance and less deviation from the calculated caloric goal following
      implementation of the four measures.

PMID- 6436359
TI  - Deoxyribose 1-phosphate: radioenzymatic and spectrophotometric assays.
AB  - A method has been developed to measure deoxyribose 1-phosphate in the presence of
      ribose 1-phosphate and other sugar phosphates. The specificity of the method is
      based on the observation that only deoxyribose 1-phosphate is hydrolyzed by
      heating at pH 7.4, while both deoxyribose 1-phosphate and ribose 1-phosphate
      remain unchanged when heated at pH 10. A tissue extract is heated at pH 10. The
      amount of deoxyribose 1-phosphate plus ribose 1-phosphate is determined from that
      of deoxyinosine plus inosine formed in a coupled enzymatic reaction, based on the
      following two-stage transformation: deoxyribose 1-phosphate (ribose 1-phosphate)
      + adenine in equilibrium deoxyadenosine (adenosine) + inorganic phosphate,
      catalyzed by adenosine phosphorylase; deoxyadenosine (adenosine) + H2O---
      deoxyinosine (inosine), catalyzed by adenosine deaminase. By taking advantage of
      its unique heat lability, deoxyribose 1-phosphate is eliminated by heating the
      tissue extract at pH 7.4, and ribose 1-phosphate is determined as above. The
      amount of deoxyribose 1-phosphate stems from the difference between the amount of
      deoxyinosine plus inosine measured in the tissue extract heated at pH 10 and that
      of inosine measured in the tissue extract heated at pH 7.4. Free deoxyribose 1
      phosphate has been found in rat tissues, as well as in Bacillus cereus during
      stationary phase of growth.

PMID- 6436360
TI  - Systematic biases in functional status assessment of elderly adults: effects of
      different data sources.
AB  - Measuring functional status using specific instruments is an important part of
      geriatric assessment. These instruments, however, often rely on data sources
      different from those with which they were originally validated. To study possible
      biasing effects of different data sources on functional status scores, we
      examined scores for two widely used instruments (the Lawton Personal Self
      Maintenance Scale, PSMS, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, IADL,
      Scale) on a group of hospitalized elderly (n = 61) using three different data
      sources (the patients themselves, the patients' nurses, and significant others).
      Analysis showed that PSMS scores derived from patients were significantly higher
      than scores derived from significant others (p less than .025) and that patient
      derived IADL scores were significantly higher than both nurse-derived scores (p
      less than .001) and significant-other-derived scores (p less than .001). We also
      compared scores for a group of nursing home patients (n = 68) on the Katz
      Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, using data obtained from patients and
      their nurses. Again, the patient-derived scores were significantly higher than
      those from nurses (p less than .001). We conclude that data sources for
      determining patient functional ability are not interchangeable and that patients
      may overstate their functional abilities, whereas significant others may
      understate them, relative to judgments of skilled nursing personnel.

PMID- 6436361
TI  - Comparative utilization of community based long term care services by Hispanic
      and Anglo elderly in a case management system.
AB  - Utilization of formal and informal supports by Hispanic and Anglo (white, non
      Hispanic) elderly enrollees in a comprehensive case management system was
      compared. It was found that Hispanic elderly, on the average, used significantly
      fewer agency services than did Anglo elderly, despite a tendency to exhibit
      higher levels of impairment. Hispanic elderly utilized significantly higher
      levels of informal support, however, and this may be a mediating factor in their
      lower use of agency services. Policy implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 6436362
TI  - Cost-shifting: the discount dilemma.
AB  - Cost-shifting, the practice by hospitals of raising their prices to make up for
      reimbursement shortfalls from payers that do not pay full charges, is an
      important and controversial issue. Concerns about cost-shifting, particularly its
      effects on payment equity and cost escalation, have led many insurers, business
      groups, and legislators to advocate rate-setting regulation for hospitals. This
      article seeks to clarify the definition of cost-shifting, and quantifies its
      magnitude in Minneapolis/St. Paul. We believe that cost-shifting is the
      consequential result of the failure of both public and private payers to
      structure payment policies that reward cost-effective hospitals, and we outline a
      market-oriented alternative to rate-setting to address the discount dilemma
      caused by cost-shifting.

PMID- 6436363
TI  - How do we know how much we need? Problems in determining need for long-term care.
AB  - As one solution to the widely perceived "crisis" in the long-term-care system,
      state and local agencies have developed methodologies which specify the amount
      and type of long-term-care services needed in an area. This article focuses on
      need-based methodologies, and criticizes the use of such formulae as a primary
      strategy to restructure the long-term-care system. The major weaknesses of this
      type of methodology are discussed, including faulty assumptions, lack of
      sufficient data, and the political character of the implementation process.

PMID- 6436364
TI  - Delayed-impact infectious disease after a natural disaster.
AB  - Most recent studies of natural disasters have shown little increase in post
      disaster infectious disease. The result has been a de-emphasis of the disease
      control portion of many disaster relief programs. This study demonstrates a
      significant increase in four out of the five diseases studied following two
      hurricanes in the Dominican Republic, with the major impact of the increases
      coming several months after the disaster. Posited reasons for the increase in
      infectious diseases are: (a) overcrowding of makeshift refugee centers with
      insufficient sanitary facilities, and (b) flood-caused water transmission of
      pathogens.

PMID- 6436365
TI  - Growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) immunoreactivity in human and rat
      gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.
AB  - Rabbit antisera were raised against a synthetic growth hormone releasing factor,
      which was originally isolated from a human pancreatic endocrine tumor (hpGRF-44).
      The antisera obtained showed no significant cross-reactivity with a variety of
      neurohormonal peptides. In addition to its occurrence in the human, but not in
      the rat, hypothalamus, hpGRF-44-like immunoreactivity was identified in human
      gastric antrum and human as well as rat pancreatic islets, using an indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique. Staining of serial sections and double staining
      revealed that in the gastric antrum the immunoreactivity was largely confined to
      gastrin (G) cells, whereas in pancreatic islets polypeptide (pp) cells were
      reactive. The physiological significance of these findings remains to be
      established.

PMID- 6436366
TI  - Rapid embedding of tissues in Lowicryl K4M for immunoelectron microscopy.
AB  - Lowicryl K4M (K4M) was recently introduced as an embedding medium for
      immunocytochemistry at the electron microscope level (BL Armbruster, E Carlemalm,
      R Chiovetti, RM Garavito, JA Hobot, E Kellenberger, W Villiger (1982):J Microsc
      126:77 and E Carlemalm, M Garavito, W Villiger (1982):J Microsc 126:123). While
      earlier protocols of fixation and embedding required 4-6 days, the present method
      has reduced the processing time by accelerating both dehydration of tissues and
      polymerization of K4M so that tissues can be prepared for sectioning within 4 hr.
      The immunocytochemical labeling density was quantitated in order to determine
      relative antigen preservation in tissues embedded by the accelerated protocol as
      compared to slower K4M embedding techniques and to tissues embedded in
      glutaraldehyde-cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA). Thin sections of Bufo
      marinus kidney were labeled with rabbit antibody to Na+,K+ATPase alpha chain
      catalytic subunit isolated from B. marinus kidney microsomes (M Girardet, K
      Geering, JM Frantes, D Geser, BC Rossier, JP Kraehenbuhl, C Bron
      (1981):Biochemistry 20:6684). B. marinus retinas were labeled with rabbit anti
      opsin. After fixation in paraformaldehyde(3%)-glutaraldehyde(3%), tissues were
      washed in buffer, dehydrated in 50, 75, and 90% dimethyl-formamide (DMF, 10 min
      each); K4M:DMF, 1:2 (15 min); K4M:DMF, 1:1, (20 min); K4M (25 min); K4M (30 min)
      at room temperature and transferred in fresh K4M to BEEM capsules for exposure to
      ultraviolet light (GE 15 watt, Black-lite, 10 cm, 45 min or less) at 4 degrees C.
      Thin sections were labeled successively with antibody, biotinylated sheep anti
      rabbit F(ab')2 and avidin-ferritin. Ferritin labeling densities were determined
      by point counting. High labeling densities were observed with both antibodies,
      equaling or exceeding levels of labeling by slower protocols or embedment in BSA.

PMID- 6436367
TI  - Outbreaks of alimentary bacterial infections reported in CSR between 1979 and
      1982.
AB  - Outbreaks of alimentary infections of bacterial origin (dg 002--typhoid or
      paratyphoid fever; dg 003--infections due to other Salmonella species; dg 004-
      bacillary dysentery; dg 005--alimentary intoxications; dg 008--intestinal
      infections due to other bacteria; dg 009--intestinal infections of unknown
      etiology) which had been reported in the Czech socialist republic from 1979 to
      1982 are overviewed and analyzed. The outbreaks of alimentary infections were
      analyzed by the number of epidemic episodes reported annually, by the number of
      cases involved, by the geographical and seasonal distribution pattern, by the
      place of onset, and by the mode of spread of infectious agents. Hospital-related
      salmonelloses were further analyzed by the serotype of Salmonellae responsible
      for these nosocomial infections. Outbreaks of water-borne alimentary infections
      were analyzed by the type of contaminated water source. Changes and trends in the
      epidemiology of alimentary bacterial infections encountered between 1979 and 1982
      are discussed in detail. This study confirms that a systematic analysis of these
      outbreaks should constitute an integral part of the alimentary infections
      surveillance program for it may help assess the risk of population exposure to
      the varied causes of these infections.

PMID- 6436368
TI  - The effect of natural killer cells on the development of syngeneic hematopoietic
      progenitors.
AB  - To determine whether natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the regulation of
      hematopoiesis, well-characterized, cell sorter-purified NK cells were incubated
      with syngeneic bone marrow, and the effect of this interaction on the development
      of various hematopoietic progenitors was assessed. NK cells were obtained from
      the peritoneal exudates of CBA/J mice after i.p. infection with live Listeria
      monocytogenes (LM). These NK cells were nylon wool-nonadherent and were purified
      by using M1/70, a rat anti-murine macrophage monoclonal antibody, and a
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Syngeneic bone marrow was incubated
      overnight with these M1/70-purified NK cells. The cells were then assayed in
      vitro to determine the effect on the colony formation of the following
      hematopoietic progenitor cells: the myeloid progenitor that produces mixed
      granulocyte/macrophage colonies (CFU-G/M), the myeloid progenitor that is
      committed to macrophage differentiation (CFU-M), and the early erythroid
      progenitor that is known as the burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E). The marrow
      cells, after incubation with NK cells, were also injected into lethally
      irradiated syngeneic recipients to assay for the splenic colony formation
      capacity of the trilineage myeloid stem cell (CFU-S). Although the formation of
      BFU-E-, CFU-G/M-, and CFU-M-derived colonies was not adversely affected by the
      exposure of syngeneic bone marrow to purified NK cells, there was a dramatic
      decrease in the number of CFU-S-derived colonies. Incubation with NK-depleted
      cells did not result in an inhibition of colony formation by the CFU-S. Mixing
      experiments showed that the M1/70-labeled NK cells exerted their effect directly
      on the CFU-S and not on any accessory cells. The effect of the NK cells on colony
      formation by the CFU-S could be blocked competitively and selectively by the
      addition, before incubation, of a classic murine NK tumor target, Yac-1. Another
      tumor line (WTS) that is poorly recognized by NK cells was less effective in
      blocking the inhibitory effect of NK cells on CFU-S. The demonstration that
      purified NK cells can selectively inhibit the development of the tripotential CFU
      S may point to the importance of NK cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis, in
      the development of some types of marrow dysfunction, and in the failure of
      engraftment of transplanted bone marrow.

PMID- 6436369
TI  - Newborn and Wiskott-Aldrich patient B cells can be activated by TNP-Brucella
      abortus: evidence that TNP-Brucella abortus behaves as a T-independent type 1
      antigen in humans.
AB  - TNP-Brucella abortus (TNP-Ba) has been classified as a T-independent type 1 (TI
      1) antigen in the mouse on the basis that it activates neonatal and CBA/N (X
      linked immunodeficient) murine B cells in contrast to T-independent type 2 (TI-2)
      antigens. Therefore, it was of interest to determine whether human newborn and X
      linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome B cells could be triggered by TNP-Ba. Previous
      studies had shown that human B cells from both these latter sources were
      relatively insensitive to stimulation with T-dependent and polysaccharide
      antigens (TI-2 in mouse). In this study, we show that TNP-Ba can trigger human
      cord blood B cells to differentiate into anti-TNP plaque-forming cells (PFC) in a
      hapten-specific and T-independent manner. The dose response and kinetics were
      similar to those previously seen with adult cells. The newborn responses,
      however, were lower than adult PFC responses. Precursor frequency and clone size
      analyses revealed that this lower response was not due to newborn cells
      containing fewer precursors but was the result of a reduced ability of these anti
      TNP clones to expand. The ability of TNP-Ba to activate immature newborn B cells
      implies that this antigen can be used to assess B cell function in very young
      children. It also implies that TNP-Ba behaves as a TI-1 antigen in humans as well
      as in mice. This was supported by the finding that B cells from Wiskott-Aldrich
      patients, which were unreactive to polysaccharide antigens, were generally
      responsive to TNP-Ba. Therefore, it would appear that human newborn and Wiskott
      Aldrich patients do possess a functionally competent B cell subset possibly
      equivalent to Lyb-5- immature murine B cells.

PMID- 6436370
TI  - Modulation induction of the T3 antigen by OKT3 antibody is monocyte dependent.
AB  - We investigated the influence of monocytes on the susceptibility of the T3
      antigen on human T cells to modulation induction by OKT3 antibody. In the absence
      of monocytes, the T3 antigen was only minimally susceptible to modulation. After
      the addition of 20% monocytes to the culture, however, complete modulation was
      readily observed. Furthermore, we found that even in the absence of OKT3
      antibody, monocytes were able to down-regulate the expression of the T3 antigen,
      although to a lesser extent. The ability of monocytes to enhance antigenic
      modulation proved to be a more general phenomenon. Each individual T cell
      antigen, however, differed in its susceptibility to modulation by antibody,
      monocytes, or both, thereby establishing its own characteristic pattern. In
      addition, after complete modulation of the T3 antigen, the addition of monocytes
      to the culture thereafter had a distinct inhibitory effect on the reexpression of
      the T3 antigen. Monocyte enhancement of T3 modulation is significantly reduced
      when using the OKT3 F(ab')2 fragment, as is OKT3 mitogenesis. After pulsing the
      monocytes with OKT3 antibody before adding them to the culture, T3 modulation
      became nearly complete even in the absence of added OKT3 antibody. Monocyte
      induced modulation proved not to be MHC restricted, thus allowing for comparative
      analysis of this effect between monocytes and other cell types. A moderate,
      however, incomplete modulation enhancement was observed with the human monocyte
      cell line U937 and with Daudi cells. This finding proved to coincide with the
      distinct ability of these cell lines to bind OKT3 antibody by their Fc receptors,
      as was the case with monocytes. In contrast, neither Fc receptor binding nor T3
      modulation enhancement was observed with the cell lines Cess and G7. In addition,
      no effective T3 modulation was observed with glutaraldehyde-fixed monocytes. The
      overall results seem to indicate that effective modulation of the T3 antigen by
      OKT3 antibody requires the active participation of Fc receptors on monocytes.

PMID- 6436371
TI  - Modulation of collagen-induced arthritis in rats by non-RT1-linked genes.
AB  - An immunogenetic analysis of the progeny of F1, F2, and (F1 x parental strain)
      test cross-matings between the CIA-susceptible DA(RT1av1) and the CIA-resistant
      BN(RT1n) rat strains was performed. Hybrid progeny were tested for susceptibility
      to CIA as induced by native calf type II collagen, and for immune response to
      native rat and calf type II collagens. The results show a minimum of one non-RT1
      linked gene which modifies susceptibility to CIA in RT1a/a hybrid progeny. These
      hybrids have anti-collagen immune responses equivalent to those of the parental
      DA strain as measured by skin testing and IgG antibody titers. An affect of sex
      hormones on susceptibility to CIA is indicated, because hybrid females were more
      susceptible than were hybrid males of equivalent RT1 allotypes.

PMID- 6436372
TI  - Demonstration of the involvement of interleukin 2 in the differentiation of
      Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-stimulated B cells.
AB  - The effect of IL 2 on Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-driven IgG production
      of human B cells was examined by utilizing chromatographically purified IL 2 (R
      IL 2) and the transcription product of the cloned cDNA for human IL 2 purified
      from recombinant E. coli (G-IL 2). Both preparations of IL 2 by themselves were
      not enough to induce optimal IgG-production in the SAC-stimulated tonsillar B
      cell fraction, which was highly enriched for B cells, but effectively induced IgG
      production in the presence of a subeffective number of T cells or a late-acting B
      cell differentiation factor (BCDF). In addition, the activity that induced IgG
      production in the presence of a subeffective number of T cells was absorbed with
      an IL 2-dependent mouse T cell line. These results clearly indicate that IL 2 has
      a definite effect on B cell differentiation in this system. Although the
      mechanisms of this effect remain to be elucidated, a direct effect of IL 2 on B
      cells may be involved, because the addition of IL 2 along with SAC induced a
      limited but significant increase of 3H-TdR incorporation in the highly enriched B
      cell population, which showed very little response to PHA and Con A even in the
      presence of IL 2, and, as mentioned above, IL 2 induced IgG production in the B
      cell preparation without any supplement of T cells provided the late-acting BCDF
      fraction was present in the culture.

PMID- 6436373
TI  - Mouse immune interferon enhances fibronectin production of elicited macrophages.
AB  - By using mouse immune interferon (IFN-gamma) either produced by recombinant DNA
      technology or partially purified from a T cell lymphoma, L12-R4, we conclusively
      demonstrated that mouse IFN-gamma enhances fibronectin synthesis and secretion of
      proteose-peptone-elicited macrophages, but not of normal macrophages. The
      enhancing activity of both IFN-gamma preparations was acid-labile and was
      neutralized by a rabbit antiserum made against native IFN-gamma. In addition, IFN
      gamma induced the disappearance, as revealed by immunofluorescence studies, of
      the characteristic fibronectin streaks from the cell surface of elicited
      macrophages. Taking into account the opsonizing activity of fibronectin, these
      findings offer some explanations for the IFN-gamma-mediated increase of
      macrophage phagocytosis and tumor cell killing.

PMID- 6436374
TI  - Mechanism of action of Cyclosporin A: inhibition of lymphokine secretion studied
      with antigen-stimulated T cell hybridomas.
AB  - We have employed bifunctional T cell hybridomas, which can be stimulated to
      secrete lymphokine(s) and lyse specific target cells, to analyze the effect of
      Cyclosporin A (CsA) on T cell helper and effector functions. We report here the
      effects of CsA on antigen- and lectin-induced lymphokine secretion. We have found
      that a pharmacologic level of CsA (10 ng/ml) blocks antigen- and lectin-driven
      interleukin 2 (IL 2) secretion without affecting cell proliferation. In addition,
      one monoclonal hybridoma that is induced by concanavalin A to secrete colony
      stimulating factors (CSF) as well as IL 2 is concomitantly blocked by CsA for
      production of IL 2 and CSF. Because the hybridomas grow constitutively and are
      devoid of functional IL 2 receptors, they permit analysis of the kinetics of the
      inhibitory response. We have shown that CsA blocks not only stimulation of
      lymphokine secretion but also ongoing IL 2 production, probably by interfering
      with the effective interaction of receptor and antigen. Thus, blocking of IL 2
      secretion from preactivated cells by CsA occurs by 1 to 2 hr, the time required
      to stop IL 2 production by removal of Ag/Lectin stimulator. The results are
      consistent with a mechanism of action of CsA on T cells that involves a direct
      interference of CsA with binding of Ag to Ag-receptor and results in blocking of
      induction and active secretion of multiple lymphokines.

PMID- 6436375
TI  - Chemical and serologic definition of two unique D region-encoded molecules in the
      wild-derived mouse strain B10.GAA37.
AB  - Detailed serologic and biochemical characterization of D region products of the
      wild-derived mouse strain B10.GAA37 (Dw16) were performed and compared with
      previous studies of the D region products of the H-2d,b, and q haplotypes.
      Serologic analysis revealed that the antigens encoded by the Dw16 region express
      a unique combination of specificities defined by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with
      established activity for the Ld and Dd molecules. Two out of five anti-Ld
      reactive mAb reacted with B10.GAA37 cells, whereas one of three anti-Dd mAb
      showed B10.GAA37 reactivity. Sequential immunoprecipitation of B10.GAA37 antigens
      demonstrated the existence of at least two antigenically distinct molecules
      (designated Dw16 and Lw16) encoded by genes associated with the Dw16 region.
      Peptide map comparisons of the Dw16 and Lw16 molecules defined multiple
      differences in their primary protein structure, suggesting they are products of
      separate genes. Structural comparisons of the Lw16 and Dw16 molecules with the Ld
      and Dd molecules implied a) that the Dw16 and Dd regions did not result from a
      recent evolutionary divergence of a common primordial haplotype, and b) that the
      Lw16 and Dw16 molecules are more structurally homologous to each other than the
      Ld and Dd molecules are. Comparison of these findings with our previous studies
      of antigens encoded by the D regions suggest that each of these haplotypes has
      unique properties in terms of the number of gene products expressed and/or the
      structural relatedness of products of the same region.

PMID- 6436376
TI  - Coexpression of the human HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 heavy chain gene and human beta 2
      microglobulin gene in L cells.
AB  - L cells expressing human HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 class I antigen heavy chains are not
      recognized by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed at HLA-A2 or HLA-B7
      antigens. To test whether the absence of human beta 2-m was the cause of the lack
      of recognition by the human cytotoxic T lymphocytes, coexpression of the human
      beta 2-m gene and the HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 heavy chain in L cells ("double
      transfectants") was obtained. In addition, L cells expressing HLA-A2 or HLA-B7
      antigens in association with human beta 2-m were obtained by an exchange
      reaction, in which human beta 2-m from serum replaced the endogenous murine beta
      2-m. Both types of transfectant cells were used in 51Cr-release assays and cold
      target inhibition assays for human cytotoxic T cell clones which were directed at
      HLA-A2 or HLA-B7. Neither human CTL clones nor a mixture of CTL specific for HLA
      A2 and HLA-B7 were able to recognize these cells. Several alternative
      explanations for these observations are discussed.

PMID- 6436377
TI  - Association of serum beta 2-microglobulin with H-2 class I heavy chains on the
      surface of mouse cells in culture.
AB  - It was found that bovine serum beta 2m binds to the H-2 class I heavy chains on
      the cells surface of mouse L cells during cultivation of the cells in medium
      supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). This conclusion is based on the
      following observations. 1) Syngeneic C3H antisera against mouse L cells in
      culture with FCS (anti-L-FCS sera) were found to react with the 48K and 12K
      dalton molecules on the mouse L cells. 2) When mouse L cells were cultured in
      medium supplemented with mouse serum or human serum, the anti-L-FCS sera did not
      detect any molecule on the L cells. 3) The anti-L-FCS sera immunoprecipitated
      bovine class I antigen on mono-nuclear cells from a cow. Two-dimensional (2-D)
      gel electrophoresis showed that the heavy chain detected by anti-L-FCS sera on
      the mouse L cells in culture with FCS was identical to the mouse H-2 class I
      heavy chain, but the light chain was identical to the bovine beta 2m. 4) Anti-H
      2Kk and anti-H-2Dk sera detected bovine beta 2m in association with H-2 class I
      antigens on mouse L cells. The association of serum beta 2m and mouse class I
      antigens was further examined by 2-D gel electrophoresis by using combinations of
      normal mouse lymphocytes and FCS, or of mouse L cells and human serum, or of
      mouse L cells and C57BL/6 mouse serum. The results indicate that H-2 antigen does
      not have an additional binding site for serum beta 2m other than that for light
      chain. In addition, the results suggest that the light chains of H-2Kk and H-2Dk
      antigens have different reactivities to anti-beta 2m antibody from each other,
      probably due to a difference in configurations of their molecules.

PMID- 6436378
TI  - Identification of the MT3 molecule from HLA-DR4, 7, and w9 homozygous cell lines.
AB  - Human B lymphoblastoid cell lines are known to express several class II antigens.
      The MT3 specificity defined by alloantisera is in linkage disequilibrium with
      DR4, DR7, and DRw9, and is called a "supertypic" specificity. To identify the MT3
      molecule, immunoprecipitates of HLA-DR and MT3 antigens from extracts of three
      metabolically labeled HLA-DR homozygous cell lines (Wa;DR4, L-Pi-tot;DR7, L
      KT12;DRw9) were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The light chains
      of the MT3 antigens from DR4, DR7, and DRw9 homozygous cell lines were
      indistinguishable from one another in charge and m.w. The light chains of the MT3
      antigens differed from those of DR4, DR7, and DRw9 antigens, whereas the heavy
      chains of the MT3 and DR antigens were indistinguishable. The MT3 antigen appears
      to share the same heavy chain as the DR antigens. However, this antigen would
      constitute a new human class II molecule distinct from the DR antigen. These data
      also raised the possibility that the light chains of the MT3 molecules may be the
      products of a new locus different from the DR locus.

PMID- 6436379
TI  - Suppressed antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes in mice with chronic
      Trypanosoma cruzi infections are restored with interleukin 2.
AB  - Plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in cultures of
      spleen cells from mice with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections were found to be
      suppressed. Responses were restored with purified interleukin 2 (IL 2) and with
      supernatants that contained IL 2. Interleukin 1 (IL 1) prepared from the P338D1
      hybridoma had no effect on in vitro responses when added alone, nor did it
      augment the effects of IL 2-rich supernatant. Interleukin X (IL X) generated from
      the FS7-20.6.18 T cell hybridoma was not effective alone or in combination with
      IL 1, nor were significant additive effects seen when IL X was combined with IL
      2. The restorative effect of the IL 2-containing FS6-14.13 hybridoma supernatant
      (FS6-SN) was concentration dependent and was not seen when supernatant was added
      after day 1 of the culture period. Thus IL 2 alone, but not IL 1 or IL X, was
      able to reconstitute spleen cell responses of infected mice. In vivo anti-SRBC
      responses were also restored when mice were treated with IL 2-rich supernatant
      after immunization with SRBC. The immunologic defect in the production of PFC to
      heterologous erythrocytes by mice with chronic T. cruzi infections has been
      identified as a lack of functional help normally provided by the T cell product
      IL 2.

PMID- 6436380
TI  - Role of inflammatory cells in Chagas' disease. II. Interactions of mouse
      macrophages and human monocytes with intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi:
      uptake and mechanism of destruction.
AB  - In this study we examined the kinetics of interaction between mouse peritoneal
      macrophages (MPH) or human blood monocytes (HBM) with intracellular (amastigote
      [AMA]) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. In electron microscopy studies, AMA were seen
      bound to the surface of unelicited MPH after 5 min of interaction, i.e., when the
      first observations were made. Internalization was visible after 8 min, and the
      AMA were never seen outside of phagocytic vacuoles. Signs of AMA damage were
      first seen after 4 hr. Amastigote disintegration was commonly observed 12 hr
      after their initial contact with MPH. Similar results were obtained with HBM.
      These kinetic patterns of AMA uptake and destruction were in agreement with the
      results of quantitative assays in which the number of AMA contained by 200 MPH
      and the percentage of infected MPH were measured. The extent of the release of 3H
      labeled materials from MPH that had phagocytosed [3H]AMA was approximately 10,
      90, and 99% of the total ingested radioactivity after 4, 12, and 24 hr of
      incubation, respectively. A comparison of the kinetic patterns of MPH interaction
      with noninvasive AMA and invasive trypomastigote (TRY) forms showed that, after
      internalization, both the percentage of AMA-containing MPH and the number of AMA
      per 200 MPH declined dramatically over a 70-hr incubation period, whereas the
      percentage of MPH infected by the TRY remained virtually constant and the number
      of organisms per 200 cells increased markedly. This contrast indicated that the
      AMA had been destroyed, whereas the TRY had managed to survive, transform into
      AMA, and multiply within MPH. AMA killing by MPH involved H2O2 but not other
      intermediates of oxygen reduction, because it was inhibited by catalase but not
      by scavengers of O2, OH ., and 1O2. AMA lost their viability when incubated with
      glucose and glucose oxidase, confirming their sensitivity to H2O2. Thus, MPH and
      HBM have the potential for participating in the clearance of T. cruzi AMA from
      chagasic tissue lesions.

PMID- 6436381
TI  - The induction of Leu-1 antigen expression in human malignant and normal B cells
      by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA).
AB  - Malignant cells from five patients with B cell leukemia or lymphoma were cultured
      with phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). PMA was found to induce cell surface
      expression of the Leu-1 antigen in cells from three of the five patients. Using
      one- and two-color immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, we have shown
      simultaneous expression of the Leu-1 antigen with other B cell markers. Induction
      of Leu-1 antigen expression was not related to histologic subtype, in vitro
      secretion of immunoglobulin, or other clinical features. Biosynthetic labeling
      experiments showed that synthesis of Leu-1 antigen occurred and preceded
      expression of the antigen on the cell surface. PMA also induced the appearance of
      Leu-1 antigen-positive B cells in cultures of normal peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells. We propose that the Leu-1 antigen is expressed transiently during the
      differentiation of some B cells.

PMID- 6436382
TI  - C1q solid-phase radioimmunoassay: binding properties of solid-phase C1q and
      evidence that C1q-binding IgG complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus are not
      bound to endogenous C1q.
AB  - The binding properties of C1q solid-phase radioimmunoassay (C1q SPRIA) were
      examined, using heat-aggregated IgG (HAG) as the model of immune complexes (IC).
      The free, liquid-phase C1q, which was added to the C1q-coated tubes prior to the
      addition of HAG, had little inhibitory effect on binding of HAG to the solid
      phase C1q, suggesting that the solid-phase C1q has a higher affinity for HAG than
      the liquid-phase C1q. On the other hand, more than 60% inhibition was seen when
      HAG was preincubated with the liquid-phase C1q. These binding properties of HAG
      to the solid-phase C1q in the presence of the liquid-phase C1q were not
      essentially altered by the heat inactivation or the addition of EDTA, suggesting
      that these pretreatments are not essential in C1q SPRIA. Next, in similar kinds
      of experiments, the binding properties of C1q-binding IgG complexes in SLE sera
      were investigated. In contrast to HAG, the binding capacity of IgG complexes in
      SLE sera to the solid-phase C1q was not inhibited by the preincubation with
      excess liquid-phase C1q. These findings suggest that C1q-binding IgG complexes in
      SLE sera detected by C1q SPRIA may not be bound to endogenous C1q in the
      circulation.

PMID- 6436383
TI  - Collection of mucosal secretion by synthetic discs for quantitation of secretory
      IgA and bacteria.
AB  - A practical method for collection and processing of mucosal secretion was
      developed to facilitate quantitation of its contents of secretory IgA (sIgA) and
      bacteria. Small discs were punched out from a commercially available synthetic
      electrophoresis wick. The discs absorbed a constant volume of saliva (52.4 +/-
      3.9 microliters), and antibodies and encapsulated bacteria (Neisseria
      meningitidis) could subsequently be completely eluted. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG
      antibody activity was preserved both in discs stored dry for 3 days at 22 degrees
      C and in discs stored at -22 degrees C for 2 months. The secretory IgA
      concentrations of multiple samples of nasal secretion collected from 1 person
      were stable, demonstrating the reproducibility of the disc collecting method.

PMID- 6436384
TI  - Influence of serum complement and rheumatoid factor on detection of immune
      complexes by the C1q and monoclonal rheumatoid factor solid-phase assay.
AB  - Soluble purified monoclonal and polyclonal rheumatoid factor, total serum
      complement, and soluble C1q all inhibit the detection of model tetanus
      toxoid/anti-toxoid immune complexes in the solid-phase C1q assay. The binding of
      these immune complexes to solid-phase monoclonal rheumatoid factor is less
      inhibited by soluble C1q and by total serum complement, but clearly decreased by
      soluble monoclonal or polyclonal rheumatoid factor. Serum complement does not
      reduce the size of these model complexes. We recommend the use of low ionic
      strength EDTA (10 mM) to partly neutralize the complement-mediated inhibition.
      This procedure is shown to be superior to currently used higher EDTA
      concentrations and to the use of IgG-Sepharose.

PMID- 6436385
TI  - A simple and rapid solid phase enzyme-linked immunoadsorbence assay for screening
      monoclonal antibodies to poorly soluble proteins.
AB  - An ELISA is described in which protein antigens are fixed to microtitre wells.
      This assay is of particular use when antigens are soluble only in solutions
      containing SDS or other detergents, or else have been purified by preparative SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Because the protein antigens are fixed to the
      microtitre wells, it is also possible to re-use antigen derivatised plates
      several times.

PMID- 6436386
TI  - The effect of the diffusion medium on quantification of human IgM by radial
      immunodiffusion.
AB  - The results of quantification of human IgM by radial immunodiffusion (RID) are
      influenced by the charge of the diffusion medium and by the radio of IgM to other
      serum proteins. Agarose has almost no influence, while some heavily charged agars
      are unsuitable for RID, even after reduction of the IgM. Reference and test sera
      should not differ too widely in IgM levels. The interaction between charged agar
      and human IgM explains the subgroup phenomenon described earlier by Klein et al.
      (1973).

PMID- 6436387
TI  - Relationship of arachidonic acid metabolism to indomethacin-sensitive
      immunoregulatory function and lymphocyte PGE sensitivity in peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells of disseminated solid tumor cancer patients.
AB  - The relationship between the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to E series
      prostaglandins (PGE), indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulation and lymphocyte PGE
      sensitivity was investigated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of
      normal subjects and disseminated solid tumor patients. Production of PGE was
      assessed by thin layer chromatography of ether-extracted glass adherent cells
      following a 24-hour pulse with 3H-AA. Immunoregulatory cell function was assessed
      in PHA-stimulated PBMC cultured in the presence of the prostaglandin synthetase
      inhibitor, indomethacin. Lymphocyte PGE sensitivity was assessed in PHA
      stimulated glass nonadherent cells cultured in the presence of 10(-8) M PGE. The
      cells from cancer patients demonstrated greater AA conversion to PGE and greater
      indomethacin sensitive immunoregulatory cell function than the cells of normal
      subjects. However, lymphocyte PGE sensitivity was comparable for both groups.
      When levels of arachidonic acid conversion to PGE were correlated to levels of
      indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulatory cell function by linear regression
      analysis, a significant correlation was found. These data suggest that the
      increased indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulatory cell function seen in PBMC from
      cancer patients can be directly correlated with increased production of E series
      prostaglandins by cancer patient peripheral blood monocytes.

PMID- 6436388
TI  - Whole cell agglutination test for serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6436389
TI  - Modern radiation therapy.

PMID- 6436390
TI  - Can asthmatic attack be due to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

PMID- 6436391
TI  - Rare clinical presentations of giant bladder diverticulum in male patients.
AB  - A rare clinical presentation of a huge bladder diverticulum in two male patients
      is described. One patient presented with septic shock and the other with chronic
      renal failure. No evidence of bladder neck obstruction was found in either
      patient.

PMID- 6436392
TI  - Comparison of strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolated in four
      Amsterdam hospitals from patients and hot-water supplies.
AB  - Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from patients (14 strains) and
      hot-water taps (49 strains) in four hospitals in Amsterdam. Precipitation
      patterns obtained by reaction of heated cell suspensions and rabbit antisera in
      the double diffusion test revealed antigenic properties of serogroup 1 strains
      from water unique to each of the four hospitals. By this method similarity could
      be demonstrated between strains from patients and hot water in three of the four
      hospitals. No such relationship was present in the fourth hospital, a fact that
      could be explained by the case histories of the patients. Comparison of strain
      antigens in the double diffusion test is simple and suitable for epidemiological
      studies of L. pneumophila.

PMID- 6436393
TI  - Protection against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by passive transfer of
      monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharides and outer membrane proteins.
AB  - Experimental infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was treated with eight
      different monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) produced by hybridoma cells obtained
      through cell fusion of mouse plasmacytoma cells and spleen cells from mice
      immunized with a virulent strain of P. aeruginosa (Homma serotype 7). Five MCAs
      bound to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) specific to serotype 7 or serotypes 2, 7, and
      13, whereas the other three MCAs bound with broad specificities to outer membrane
      protein (OMP) fractions. The MCAs to LPS were highly protective against
      infection, with 50% protective doses of 0.05-2.5 micrograms of immunoglobulin per
      mouse. In contrast, the MCAs to OMP were much less protective, with a 50%
      protective dose range of 10 to greater than 100 micrograms of immunoglobulin per
      mouse. Most of the MCAs to LPS agglutinated P. aeruginosa cells, but all the MCAs
      to OMP produced so far have not, although all the MCAs bound well to the cells.
      Agglutinating MCAs provided better protection than did nonagglutinating MCAs.

PMID- 6436394
TI  - Efficacy of pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides against Trypanosoma cruzi: studies
      in vitro and in vivo with sensitive and resistant strains.
AB  - Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi differ in their susceptibilities to and metabolism
      of pyrazolopyrimidines. Allopurinol riboside can control but not eliminate
      infections with a sensitive strain in both tissue culture and mice. Formycin B,
      which proved to be greater than 10-fold more effective on a weight basis, showed
      a similar strain specificity but could eliminate an infection with a sensitive
      strain from tissue culture. However, this drug, unlike allopurinol riboside, was
      converted to toxic analogues of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate by
      uninfected tissue culture cells. Thiopurinol and its riboside were effective
      against all strains unless culture was performed in purine-defined medium. Thus
      formycin B and allopurinol riboside appear to be good models for the design of
      antitrypanosomal agents. Suitable modification of the molecule may provide an
      effective chemotherapeutic agent.

PMID- 6436395
TI  - Attachment to and invasion of human fallopian tube mucosa by an IgA1 protease
      deficient mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its wild-type parent.
AB  - In an investigation of the possible role of IgA1 protease in the initial
      encounter of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with human genital mucosa, the pathogenicity
      of an isogenic, piliated, wild-type gonococcal clone was compared with that of
      its IgA1 protease-deficient mutant in organ cultures of human fallopian tubes.
      The fallopian tube mucosa released IgA into the organ culture medium throughout
      the course of the infection; the rate of release was substantially higher in
      gonococcus-infected organ cultures. The wild-type gonococcus but not the IgA1
      protease-deficient mutant elaborated IgA1 protease into the medium. The rate and
      extent of attachment, damage, and invasion of the fallopian tube mucosa by the
      IgA1 protease-deficient mutant were indistinguishable from those by the parental
      clone. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that, in the initial
      encounter with previously uninfected human genital mucosa, the production of IgA1
      protease is not critical to the ability of the gonococcus to act as a mucosal
      pathogen.

PMID- 6436396
TI  - Biphasic, concentration-dependent and rate-limited, concentration-independent
      bacterial killing by an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

PMID- 6436397
TI  - Rotaviral infection and intestinal lactase level.

PMID- 6436398
TI  - Markedly enhanced production of gamma interferon in murine T lymphocytes treated
      with lentil lectin and the diterpene ester, mezerein.
AB  - Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was induced in murine splenocytes first stimulated
      to grow by concanavalin A (Con A) and subsequently treated for 3 h with the
      diterpene ester, mezerein (MZN) and then with lectin from Lens culinaris for 24
      h. Yields as high as 60,000 u/ml were obtained in cells from either male or
      female, random-bred, white Swiss mice or inbred C67B1/6 mice. Antibody to Thy 1.2
      surface antigen completely obliterated the mouse gamma interferon (MuIFN-gamma)
      response, whereas anti-Lyt 1.2 and anti-Lyt 2.2 each destroyed a portion of the
      lymphocyte population responsible for MuIFN-gamma production. Kinetic analysis of
      production and release showed that IFN was detectable in culture fluids within 4
      h after treatment with very little IFN remaining cell-associated (less than 10%).
      A simple, rapid, and economical two-step purification procedure involving
      ammonium sulfate fractionation and yeast RNA affinity chromatography resulted in
      as much as 770-fold purification to achieve specific activities greater than
      10(7) u/mg protein. The purified MuIFN-gamma was shown to be predominantly acid
      labile, inactivated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and neutralized by antiserum
      to MuIFN-gamma. Approximately 10% of the MuIFN-gamma was acid-stable and SDS
      resistant, but was still neutralized by anti-MuIFN-gamma serum. Two molecular
      weight peaks of about 40 and 20 kD were demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide slab gels gave a
      relatively heterogeneous band of activity between pH 5.5 and 6.5. The mechanism
      by which the combination treatment described enhances MuIFN-gamma production so
      markedly remains unknown, but the degree of enhancement is greater than additive.

PMID- 6436399
TI  - Differentiation in mouse leukemia cells mediated by an immune interferon
      preparation.
AB  - Antiviral and cell-differentiating (CD) activities of immune interferon (IFN
      gamma) preparation were investigated. Male STD-ddY mice were sensitized with BCG.
      Three weeks later, they were challenged with BCG or purified protein derivative
      (PPD), and exsanguinated at intervals. The sera were assayed for antiviral and CD
      activities. The CD activity appeared and reached the maximum earlier than the
      antiviral activity. The CD activity was thermostable, whereas the antiviral
      activity was thermolabile. By dialysis at pH 2 for 24 h, the CD activity was
      reduced to 15%, while the antiviral titer was completely lost. Lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) given 24 h before the challenge has markedly suppressed the appearance of
      antiviral activity following the challenge, but did not so much affect the CD
      activity. The challenge with PPD stimulated greater antiviral activity and poorer
      CD activity than the challenge with BCG did. These findings suggest that IFN
      gamma preparations contain a CD factor(s) besides IFN.

PMID- 6436400
TI  - Induction of interferon gamma in mouse spleen cells by culture supernatants of
      mycoplasma arthritidis.
AB  - Factor(s) in the supernatant of cultured mycoplasma arthritidis (MAS) represented
      potent inducers of interferon (IFN) in cultures of mouse spleen cells. Responding
      mouse strains included A/J, BALB/c, CBA, C3H, and DBA/2 whereas spleen cells of
      C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 mice were nonresponders. Interferon production was
      controlled by the I region of the H-2 locus. Treatment of CBA spleen cells by
      anti-thy-1 antibody plus C abolished IFN production. A similar effect was seen
      when CBA spleen cells were freed of macrophages by passage through Sephadex G-10
      columns. Pure macrophages themselves, however, were not producing IFN when
      treated by MAS. Macrophage-depleted CBA spleen cells could be reconstituted to
      produce IFN by the addition of 2-ME. Interferon induction by CBA spleen cells was
      independent of lymphoproliferation as evidenced by experiments utilizing
      mitomycin C. The IFN induced by MAS represented IFN gamma (gamma), since it was
      acid-labile and neutralized by a specific antiserum.

PMID- 6436401
TI  - [Studies of polymicrobial infection in chronic lower airway infections by
      transtracheal aspiration].

PMID- 6436402
TI  - [6 cases with chronic lower airway infection due to Branhamella catarrhalis
      assessed by transtracheal aspiration--with special reference to polymicrobial
      infection].

PMID- 6436403
TI  - [Serovar and antibiotic-sensitivity of Serratia marcescens isolated from urinary
      tract infections].

PMID- 6436404
TI  - [Serological classification of Pseudomonas cepacia].

PMID- 6436405
TI  - [Clinical report on safety and antigenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal
      polysaccharide vaccine].

PMID- 6436406
TI  - [An evaluation of the pathogenicity of Bacteroides fragilis in the intracutaneous
      infection of the guinea-pig].

PMID- 6436407
TI  - [Comparison of DL-8280 and amoxicillin in the treatment of respiratory tract
      infections].

PMID- 6436408
TI  - [An autopsy case of disseminated candidiasis producing multiple nodular lesions
      in the terminal stage of acute leukemia].

PMID- 6436409
TI  - [A case of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis].

PMID- 6436410
TI  - [Advantage of amino acid free elementary diet for acute renal failure and
      azotemia after cardiovascular surgery].

PMID- 6436411
TI  - [Experimental combination chemotherapy against a human breast carcinoma (MX-1)
      transplanted into nude mice with special reference to the cell kinetics].

PMID- 6436412
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of vaginal suppository FT-207 in uterine cervical cancer and
      radiation therapy].

PMID- 6436413
TI  - [A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with acquired von Willebrand's
      syndrome and circulating anticoagulant].

PMID- 6436414
TI  - [An autopsy case of pure red cell aplasia with myasthenia gravis, thymoma and
      various immune abnormalities].

PMID- 6436415
TI  - [A case of IgD-lambda type multiple myeloma with pyroglobulinemia].

PMID- 6436416
TI  - Characterization of proteases in AHF concentrates: effect on factor VIII:von
      Willebrand protein as assessed by high-pressure gel permeation chromatography.
AB  - Antihemophilic factor concentrates were surveyed for amidolytic activity on the
      chromogenic substrates S2238, S2302, S2222, and S2251, which are sensitive to
      thrombin, kallikrein, factor Xa, and plasmin, respectively. For antihemophilic
      factor concentrates from two manufacturers, the rates of amidolysis of S2238 and
      S2302 were approximately an order of magnitude greater than the rates of
      amidolysis of S2222 and S2251. The S2238 and S2302 activities were characterized
      by quantitating their interactions with specific substrates or inhibitors. The Km
      for amidolysis of S2238 was 558 mumol/L, which is 80 times higher than for
      thrombin but in close agreement to the reported value for activated protein C.
      The S2238 activity was not inhibited by the thrombin-specific inhibitor
      dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide, nor by soybean trypsin inhibitor
      or micromolar concentrations of antithrombin III in the presence of heparin. The
      S2238 activity was inhibited by D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl, but with an estimated second
      order rate constant of 3 X 10(5) mol/L-1 minute-1, approximately 1000 times less
      than for thrombin. These data are consistent with the identity of the S2238
      activity as activated protein C. On the other hand, the S2302 activity in
      antihemophilic factor concentrates was most likely attributable to kallikrein.
      This was based on the agreement with authentic kallikrein of the Km for S2302 of
      154 mumol/L as well as by the rapid inactivation by nanomolar concentrations of
      the kallikrein-specific inhibitor D-Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl. However, the relative
      resistance of the S2302 activity to inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor or
      antithrombin III and the partial inhibition by aprotinin suggested that a large
      proportion of the kallikrein was bound to alpha 2-macroglobulin. This was
      confirmed by immunoprecipitation using specific anti alpha 2-macroglobulin IgG.
      The potential for proteolysis of factor VIII:von Willebrand protein during its
      purification from antihemophilic factor concentrates was demonstrated, and the
      proteolyzed factor VIII coagulant species was characterized. High-pressure gel
      permeation chromatography of purified factor VIII:von Willebrand protein at high
      ionic strength resulted in two sharp peaks of factor VIII procoagulant activity.
      The earlier eluting peak corresponded with the void volume, and the later peak
      eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 53,000 daltons. Immediately after
      separation, the 53,000-dalton factor VIII coagulant had at least a 100-fold
      higher specific activity than the factor VIII coagulant present in the void
      volume. However, the 53,000-dalton factor VIII coagulant was labile, with a half
      life of 80 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6436417
TI  - Malignant schwannoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma associated with von
      Recklinghausen's disease.

PMID- 6436418
TI  - Apolipoprotein A-I of primates.
AB  - Monkey apoA-I was isolated by ultracentrifugation or immunoprecipitation and
      analyzed by isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The plasma apoA-I of 26 Old World monkeys (12 cynomolgus and 14
      rhesus), 40 New World monkeys (8 cebus, 8 squirrel, 8 spider, 8 owl, and 8
      marmosets), 6 prosimians (lemurs) and 10 apes (5 gibbons and 5 chimpanzees) were
      compared with each other as well as with human apoA-I. These analyses showed that
      monkey apoA-I contained one major and one to three minor (two basic and one
      acidic) isoproteins. The basic and acidic minor isoproteins differed by +2, +1,
      and -1 charges from the major apoA-I isoprotein designated apoA-I2. We have
      observed profound differences among the apoA-I electrophoretic patterns of the
      various primate species studied. The apparent isoelectric points of the major
      isoproteins of apoA-I of prosimians, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys,
      chimpanzees, gibbons, and humans were 5.70, 5.80, 5.35, 5.64, 5.42, and 5.64,
      respectively. The entire apoA-I isoprotein pattern of prosimians, Old World
      monkeys, chimpanzees, gibbons, and New World monkeys with respect to humans was
      shifted by approximately +1.5, +0.5, 0, -2.0, and -2.5 charges, respectively. The
      apoA-I synthesized by organ cultures of cynomolgus monkey intestine and liver
      overlaps on the two-dimensional system with the corresponding most basic minor
      plasma apoA-I isoprotein designated apoA-I2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436419
TI  - The lipid transport system in the mouse, Mus musculus: isolation and
      characterization of apolipoproteins B, A-I, A-II, and C-III.
AB  - Four of the principle apolipoproteins of murine serum have been isolated and
      characterized. On the basis of their physicochemical properties, they are
      homologous with the human and rat apoA-I, A-II, B, and C-III. The group of
      apolipoproteins of middle to low molecular weight, i.e., A-I, A-II and C-III,
      were separated from the protein moiety of high density lipoproteins (HDL) by gel
      filtration chromatography, followed by electrophoresis in alkaline-urea
      polyacrylamide gel with electrophoretic elution. Murine apoA-I, the major protein
      of HDL (60-80%) displayed an Mr of approximately 27,000, and was polymorphic
      (four prominent isoproteins with isoelectric points in the range of pH 5.5-5.7).
      The amino acid profiles of mouse, rat, and human apoA-I generally resembled each
      other, the former being distinguished by a content of one isoleucine residue per
      mole. Amino terminal sequence analysis revealed marked homology between the
      mouse, rat, dog, and human proteins; mouse and rat apoA-I differed at residues 9
      and 18 with potential dissimilarities at residues 5 and 15, while the murine and
      canine sequences were distinct at residues 6, 9, 13, 15, and 30. Apolipoprotein A
      II was a monomer, exhibiting an Mr approximately 11,000 in SDS gels; in addition,
      it was polymorphic (three apparent isoproteins with pI in the pH range 5.05-5.2),
      and resembled its human and rat counterparts in amino acid composition. ApoC-III,
      an acidic peptide of pI 4.74 and of Mr approximately 9,600, possessed an amino
      acid composition very like that of the homologous human and rat proteins. The
      homology of mouse apoC-III with the human protein was confirmed by NH2-terminal
      sequence analysis, which revealed identical amino acids in six positions (1, 2,
      4, 8, 9, and 13). As shown earlier (Camus et al. 1983. J. Lipid Res. 24: 1210
      1228), two forms of immunologically reacting apoB predominated in mouse VLDL and
      LDL. After isolation of these lipoproteins in the presence of 1 mM PMSF, the
      apparent sizes of the high and low Mr forms, apoBH and apoBL, were in the ranges
      approximately 400,000-530,000 and approximately 250,000-280,000, respectively,
      according to the SDS gel system. We observed that inclusion of 1 mM PMSF was
      essential to retard degradation of the high Mr form apoBH. The murine B proteins
      were isolated from apoVLDL and apoLDL by gel filtration chromatography on
      Sephadex G150 in anionic detergent, and displayed apparent Mr values of 460,000
      (apoBH) and 250,000 (apoBL) in 3% SDS gels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6436420
TI  - Density gradient characterization of the high density lipoproteins in cholesterol
      fed hyper- and hyporesponding patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).
AB  - Diet-induced changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL) density and size were
      studied in patas monkeys. When the animals were switched from a moderate fat-low
      cholesterol diet to a high fat-high cholesterol (HFHC) diet, the plasma apoA-I
      levels increased initially in all of the animals. The apoA-I levels remained
      elevated in monkeys able to maintain their plasma cholesterol concentrations near
      basal levels (hyporesponders), but began to decrease in monkeys who became
      severely hypercholesterolemic (hyperresponders), reaching levels as low as 65-70%
      of their basal value by 24 weeks. The larger, lipid-rich HDL (HDL2) was shown by
      density gradient ultracentrifugation and gradient-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis) to be the HDL fraction responsible for these changes in apoA-I,
      completely accounting for the increase in apoA-I in hyporesponders and the
      decrease in apoA-I in hyperresponders. The HDL3 levels remained unchanged in
      hyporesponders but increased markedly in hyperresponders, partially compensating
      for the decrease of HDL2 in those animals. Gradient-PAGE showed the HDL3 to be
      heterogeneous, containing at least two populations of particles of the same
      density but differing significantly in size. The smaller of these HDL3 were most
      prominent in the HFHC-fed hyperresponders. These data show that nonhuman primate
      HDL is both physically and metabolically heterogeneous, and indicate that a high
      fat-high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia severely depresses the
      HDL2 levels.

PMID- 6436421
TI  - The in vitro interaction of RA-233 and several interferons on human cell lines.
AB  - The antiproliferative effects of six different human interferons were examined in
      two human cell lines: HM7 (human melanoma cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast
      carcinoma cell line). A dose-response curve was developed for each interferon in
      which the maximum dose applied gave at least 30% growth inhibition of control
      values after 96-128 hours of continuous exposure. An amount of RA-233 which
      caused 25% growth inhibition (0.05 mg for both HM7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines) was
      added to the cultures with various doses of each interferon. The inhibitory
      effects of RA-233 and each interferon were additive at low concentrations. In no
      case was a synergistic effect observed. Unlike with human fibroblast interferon,
      we could not show a synergistic inhibitory effect between RA 233 and any of the
      six different interferons on these two human epithelial tumor cell lines.

PMID- 6436422
TI  - Ultrasound examination in biliary tract surgery.

PMID- 6436423
TI  - Alteration by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone of heterogeneous components
      associated with thyrotrophin biosynthesis in the rat anterior pituitary gland.
AB  - An influence of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) on TSH heterogeneity in
      close association with de-novo biosynthesis was studied in rat anterior pituitary
      glands. Hemipituitary glands from adult male rats were incubated in Krebs
      Henseleit-glucose media containing [3H]glucosamine and [14C]alanine for 3 and 6 h
      in the presence or absence of 10 ng TRH per ml. Fractions of TSH in the pituitary
      extracts were obtained using affinity chromatography coupled with an anti-rat TSH
      globulin. These TSH fractions were analysed by isoelectric focusing. The control
      pituitary glands were composed of four component peaks (isoelectric point (pI)
      8.7, 7.8, 5.3 and 2.5) of [3H]glucosamine and [14C]alanine incorporated into TSH,
      and the amounts of radioactivity of these components were increased with the
      incubation time. Of these peaks, radioactive components of pI 8.7 coincided with
      the non-radioactive TSH components measured by radioimmunoassay. Addition of TRH
      increased incorporation of [14C]alanine into TSH in each of the components to a
      greater extent than that of [3H]glucosamine. In addition, new components with pI
      7.2, 6.5 and 6.2, each component corresponding to each unlabelled TSH component,
      were demonstrated in the presence of TRH. Because addition of TRH did not change
      the amounts of [14C]alanine-labelled TSH in the media, the newly formed
      components were assumed to be connected with protein synthesis occurring in the
      anterior pituitary gland, which may be specific substances in response to TRH
      administration. These results indicate that TRH principally elicits an increase
      in protein synthesis in TSH at the anterior pituitary level, resulting in an
      alteration of TSH heterogeneity.

PMID- 6436424
TI  - Effect of intravenous administration of growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF
      44) and Tyr-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-NH2 on plasma hormones and metabolites in goats.
AB  - It has recently been demonstrated that human pancreatic GH-releasing factor
      (hpGRF-44) and Tyr-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-NH2 (subsequently referred to as 'the
      peptide') release GH from rat pituitary glands maintained in vitro and, in the
      former case, increase circulating GH in rats and man. The commercial importance
      of discovering an agent capable of specifically enhancing GH secretion in
      ruminants stimulated the present study which examined: the intravenous
      administration of both peptides on plasma GH, prolactin, insulin, glucose, urea
      and non-esterified fatty acids in goats and the effect of the peptide on the
      release of GH from sheep pituitary glands maintained in vitro. The peptide was
      injected into the jugular vein of goats in three different forms and at several
      concentrations (dispersal by shaking, 0.07 microgram/kg; 0.7 microgram/kg; ball
      milled, 7.0 micrograms/kg, 70 micrograms/kg; dimethyl sulphoxide (5%), 7.0
      micrograms/kg, 70 micrograms/kg). None of the treatments stimulated a significant
      increase in circulating GH. Nevertheless the peptide (20 micrograms/ml medium)
      was found to stimulate a 50-60% increase in the production of GH from sheep
      pituitary glands maintained in vitro. The effect of intravenously injecting hpGRF
      44 (1.0 microgram/kg) was investigated in the present and absence of passive
      immunization with sheep anti-somatostatin immunoglobulin G (IgG) (a bolus of 600
      mg, 3 h before treatment with hpGRF-44). Plasma GH was increased (P less than
      0.001) within 15 min of treatment and the magnitude of the response was the same
      for both the immunized and non-immunized goats. A second peak was measured after
      approximately 75 min which was only significant (P less than 0.05) in the
      immunized group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436425
TI  - Central effects of photoperiod on reproduction in the ram revealed by the use of
      a testosterone clamp.
AB  - Over a 3-year period eight adult Soay rams were exposed to an artificial lighting
      regimen of alternating 16-week periods of long days (16 h light: 8 h darkness;
      16L : 8D) and short days (8L : 16D) to induce a seasonal cycle in reproduction
      and wool growth every 32 weeks. Early in the study the rams were castrated (four
      during long days and four during short days) and 48 weeks later the castrated
      animals were each given an s.c. implant of testosterone to increase the blood
      plasma concentration of testosterone to 14-20 nmol/l. The changes in the
      concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured in blood samples
      collected once or twice weekly while records were made of the changes in the size
      of the testes (before castration), the intensity of the sexual skin flush, the
      expression of aggressive and sexual behaviour and the rate of wool growth. The
      results showed that in the castrated rams there were only minor changes in the
      blood levels of LH, FSH and the expression of aggressive behaviour related to the
      32-week light cycle, while the sexual skin flush was permanently absent. However,
      after the commencement of the constant testosterone therapy, there were major
      changes in all the reproductive parameters related to the lighting regimen with a
      similar temporal relationship as observed in the rams before castration. Cyclic
      variation in wool growth occurred throughout the study related to the changes in
      photoperiod but this was not markedly affected by castration and testosterone
      replacement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436426
TI  - Heterogeneity of activity of the prolactin-releasing factor in the bovine
      hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex.
AB  - Fresh samples of bovine hypothalamic median eminence or hypophysial stalk
      extracted with 0.1 M-HCl and fractionated on Sephadex G-100 had two prolactin
      releasing factor (PRF) components, the major one in the void volume (PRF-A) and
      the minor one in an elution position (partition coefficient (Kav) = 0.333)
      immediately after PRF-A (PRF-B). Similar fractionation of bovine posterior
      pituitary extracts showed two PRF peaks: PRF-A and another in a more retarded
      position than PRF-B (Kav = 0.645; PRF-C). Storage of bovine stalk extract at -20
      degrees C for 1 year caused a shift from higher molecular weight PRF into PRF-C.
      Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone stimulated prolactin secretion, but its dose
      response slope and chromatographic mobility were quite different from those for
      bovine tissue extracts. Secretion of prolactin induced by extracts of bovine
      hypophysial stalk is calcium dependent and is inhibited by dopamine.

PMID- 6436427
TI  - Stimulation of prolactin secretion by oestradiol in the rat is associated with
      increased hypothalamic release of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
AB  - We have studied the effect of oestradiol (OE2) on secretion of prolactin and TSH
      by rat pituitary glands and correlated this with changes in hypothalamic content
      and release of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). Ovariectomized Wistar rats
      received s.c. silicone elastomer implants of OE2 at a dose known to give pro
      oestrous OE2 levels. After 1 week rats were decapitated, blood was collected for
      assay of prolactin and TSH, blocks of hypothalamus were dissected out and
      pituitary glands were removed and bisected. Medium bathing hemipituitary glands
      was collected for measurement of prolactin and TSH after a 30-min incubation.
      Immunoreactive TRH was measured in medium removed from hypothalami and in
      extracts of homogenized hypothalami. Serum prolactin was higher in OE2-treated
      than in control animals (59.3 +/- 19.5 (S.E.M.) vs 9.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l; P
      less than 0.05) and this was associated with a threefold increase in pituitary
      prolactin in the medium. By contrast, TSH concentrations in serum and pituitary
      incubation medium were not significantly different in the two groups. There was
      no difference between the groups in hypothalamic content of TRH but TRH release
      in the incubation medium was increased by OE2 (30.2 +/- 6.5 vs 10.0 +/- 1.3 pg/mg
      protein per 30 min; P less than 0.01). In summary, physiological levels of OE2
      stimulated prolactin secretion without change in TSH and this was associated with
      a threefold increase in hypothalamic release of TRH. These findings suggest that
      the stimulating effect of OE2 on prolactin secretion may, in part, be mediated by
      hypothalamic TRH.

PMID- 6436428
TI  - Comparison of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite on the
      apical seal of endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 6436429
TI  - The role of the glycoconjugates in the migration of anuran amphibian germ cells.
AB  - The presence of a large amount of glycoconjugates on the anuran amphibian germ
      cells was demonstrated using fluorescein isothiocyanate lectins binding
      specifically to D-galactose and at a lower level, by other lectins binding
      specifically to N-acetyl-galactosamine. Glycoconjugates including D-galactose
      were found near the pseudopodial expansions and in the extracellular space,
      between germ cells and follicular cells. They were also disseminated in the
      cytoplasm. The injection of PNA lectin (from Arachis hypogea) into the endoderm
      inhibited the migration of 90% of the germ cells. This inhibition was lectin
      concentration dependent. Ultrastructural study of germ cells, the migration of
      which was inhibited, showed that they were degenerating. These results suggest
      that glycoconjugates are related to the migratory activity of germ cells.

PMID- 6436430
TI  - Membrane Ia expression and antigen-presenting accessory cell function of L cells
      transfected with class II major histocompatibility complex genes.
AB  - To study the relationship between the structure and function of Ia antigens, as
      well as the physiologic requirements for antigen presentation to major
      histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells, class II A alpha and A beta genes
      from the k and d haplotypes were transfected into Ltk- fibroblasts using the
      calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique. Individually transfected genes were
      actively transcribed in the L cells without covalent linkage to, or
      cotransformation with, viral enhancer sequences. However, cell surface expression
      of detectable I-A required the presence of transfected A alpha dA beta d or A
      alpha kA beta k pairs in a single cell. The level of I-A expression under these
      conditions was 1/5-1/10 that of Ia+ B lymphoma cells, or B lymphoma cells
      expressing transfected class II genes. These I-A-expressing transfectants were
      tested for accessory cell function and shown to present polypeptide and complex
      protein antigens to T cell clones and hybridomas in the context of the
      transfected gene products. One T cell clone, restricted to I-Ak plus GAT (L
      glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10), had a profound cytotoxic effect on I
      Ak- but not I-Ad-expressing transfectants in the presence of specific antigen.
      Assays of unprimed T cells showed that both Ia+ and Ia- L cells could serve as
      accessory cells for concanavalin A-induced proliferative responses. These data
      indicate that L cells can transcribe, translate, and express transfected class II
      genes and that such I-A-bearing L cells possess the necessary metabolic
      mechanisms for presenting these antigens to T lymphocytes in the context of their
      I-A molecules.

PMID- 6436431
TI  - Identification of the Raji cell membrane-derived C1q inhibitor as a receptor for
      human C1q. Purification and immunochemical characterization.
AB  - We have shown previously that an activity which is capable of precipitating
      purified C1q and inhibiting some of the C1q-dependent biologic reactions could be
      solubilized from the membranes of both normal human peripheral B lymphocytes and
      a B cell-derived lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji), both of which are known to
      possess receptors for human C1q. In this report we present evidence that this
      membrane-associated C1q inhibitor is a chondroitinase-insensitive macromolecule
      and is the receptor for human C1q. The receptor was solubilized from membranes of
      Raji cells with Nonidet P-40 and purified to homogeneity using C1q-Sepharose 4B
      affinity chromatography. Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation analysis
      revealed that the complex could be resolved into a protein-rich, low density
      fraction and a carbohydrate-rich, high density fraction. The large hydrodynamic
      size, coupled with the high buoyant density, suggests that a proteoglycan is a
      constituent of the complex and indicates that the receptor might be a
      macromolecular complex of a proteoglycan portion noncovalently linked to a 60-70
      kD glycoprotein. The glycoprotein moiety, in turn, consists of two or more
      identical (70,000 mol wt) polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds and
      constitutes the C1q receptor (C1qR). Sucrose density ultracentrifugation analysis
      showed that the isolated receptor sediments with an apparent rate of 4.2 S.
      Immunochemical analyses demonstrated that a typical preparation of the C1qR
      complex consists of approximately 23% uronic acid and approximately 21%
      galactosamine with a galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio of 3.2. Binding of C1q to
      the receptor was found to be optimal at low ionic strength and neutral or near
      neutral pH (7-7.4). The isolated receptor was found to inhibit C1q hemolytic
      function, abrogate C1q-dependent rosette formation, and block the C1q-dependent,
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity, all of which are activities mediated by the receptor.

PMID- 6436432
TI  - Frequency of apolipoprotein A-I mutants in the German population.
AB  - A randomly chosen population in the area of Westphalia (West Germany) was
      screened for apolipoprotein A-I mutants. About 5000 individuals were investigated
      and compared with a group of 1300 patients who had undergone coronary
      angiography. Four electrophoretically different apolipoprotein A-I-mutants (named
      Munster-1 to 4) were discovered. Five non-related probands were observed in the
      group of the unselected patients and three non-related probands in the group of
      coronary angiography patients. In most cases the familial nature of the
      abnormality was confirmed by pedigree analysis.

PMID- 6436433
TI  - Dopaminergic regulation of thyrotropin release in uremic patients.

PMID- 6436434
TI  - Listerellosis with meningitis in a renal transplant recipient--a case report.

PMID- 6436435
TI  - Adaptation of Borna disease virus to the mouse.
AB  - Borna disease virus has been adapted to the mouse, which required at least three
      passages in rat brains. Genetic specificity as studied with five inbred mouse
      strains was not evident. Newborn mice inoculated intracerebrally expressed
      antigen in neurons and remained persistently infected, with up to 10(7)
      infectious units per gram of brain tissue. Animals infected at different ages
      developed no disease and had high titres of antibodies.

PMID- 6436436
TI  - [Significance of family photographs for genetic counseling in sex-linked
      heredity].
AB  - Authors remember the interest of the old photographs belonging to the families;
      the authors show how they can help the diagnosis; they can also help to assert
      the mode of inheritance; in few cases, they can find some female carriers with
      clinical signs; at last, infrequently, they prove the presence of the disease in
      a remote generation: so, they prove that the one case is not sporadic but is a
      familial case; this fact is very important for the genetic counselling of the
      females of this family. With some cases of the genetic counselling unit of
      Rennes, authors explain these various situations.

PMID- 6436437
TI  - Synapsin I (protein I) in different brain regions in senile dementia of Alzheimer
      type and in multi-infarct dementia.
AB  - Synapsin I (Protein I), a neuron-specific phosphoprotein enriched in presynaptic
      nerve terminals, has been used as a quantitative marker for the density of nerve
      terminals in five brain regions (caudate nucleus, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus,
      mesencephalon and putamen) from patients who had suffered from Alzheimer
      disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT), from patients with multi
      infarct dementia (MID), and from age-matched controls. Samples were obtained at
      autopsy. Lower levels of Synapsin I were observed in the hippocampus of patients
      with AD/SDAT but not with MID. There were no significant differences in Synapsin
      I levels between patients and controls in any of the other four brain regions
      examined.

PMID- 6436438
TI  - Photoaffinity identification of colchicine-solubilized regulatory subunit from
      rat brain adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Five GTP binding proteins in rat cerebral cortex synaptic membranes were
      identified by photoaffinity labelling with [3H] or [32P](P3-azido-anilido)-P1-5'
      GTP (AAGTP). When AAGTP-treated membranes were incubated with colchicine or
      vinblastine and subsequently washed, a single AAGTP-labelled protein of 42 kD was
      released into the supernatant. About 30% of the total labelled 42-kD protein was
      released into supernatants from membranes pretreated with colchicine or
      vinblastine compared with 15% released from control membranes. The amount of
      adenylate cyclase regulatory subunit (G unit) remaining in these membranes was
      assessed with reconstitution studies after inactivating the adenylate cyclase
      catalytic moiety with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Forty to fifty percent of
      functional G units were lost from membranes treated with colchicine prior to
      washing. This 40-50% loss of functional G unit after colchicine treatment
      corresponds to the previously observed 42% loss of NaF and guanylyl-5'
      imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]-activated adenylate cyclase. Release of the AAGTP
      labelled 42-kD protein from colchicine-treated synaptic membranes is double that
      from lumicolchicine-treated membranes. This colchicine-mediated release of 42-kD
      protein correlates with a doubling of functional G unit released from synaptic
      membranes after colchicine treatment. These findings suggest multiple populations
      of the G unit within the synaptic plasma membrane, some of which may interact
      with cytoskeletal components.

PMID- 6436439
TI  - Ionophore A23187, verapamil, protonophores, and veratridine influence the release
      of gamma-aminobutyric acid from synaptosomes by modulation of the plasma membrane
      potential rather than the cytosolic calcium.
AB  - The release of GABA induced by veratridine shows no correlation with the
      synaptosomal Ca content and is therefore not mediated by the release of
      mitochondrial Ca. Instead, with both Ca-repleted and -depleted synaptosomes, the
      extent of GABA efflux is correlated with the decrease in plasma membrane
      potential. The slow release of GABA induced by protonophores and the Ca-dependent
      release induced by ionophore A23187 are also consequences of the depolarization
      of the plasma membrane, rather than of elevated cytosolic Ca. Finally, the
      ability of verapamil to inhibit the release of GABA induced by low veratridine
      concentrations is due to the ability of the Ca channel inhibitor to antagonize
      the action of veratridine, rather than to inhibit Ca entry into the synaptosome.
      It is concluded that it is essential to monitor plasma membrane potentials in
      experiments in which amino acid efflux from synaptosomes is induced.

PMID- 6436440
TI  - Biosynthesis of 5-aminopentanoic acid and 2-piperidone from cadaverine and 1
      piperideine in mouse.
AB  - 1-Piperideine, 5-aminopentanoic acid, and its lactam, 2-piperidone, were
      identified as metabolites of cadaverine in 10,000 g mouse liver supernatants to
      which diamine oxidase had been added. Both metabolites were also found when the
      cadaverine metabolite 1-piperideine was incubated with the preparation which
      suggested that 1-piperideine is an intermediate in the formation of 5
      aminopentanoic acid and 2-piperidone. Identification of the metabolites was based
      on gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis in comparison to authentic
      standards. Mouse brain homogenates converted 1-piperideine to 5-aminopentanoic
      acid. The results suggest that the metabolic fate of cadaverine may provide
      precursors of pharmacologically active analogues of GABA.

PMID- 6436441
TI  - Dopamine biosynthesis at different stages of plant development in Papaver
      somniferum.
AB  - Latex and cell-free extracts of various organs and stages of plant and capsule
      development in Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy, synthesized dopamine, an
      alkaloid precursor, from 14C-dopa. The 1000 g X 30 min supernatant from latex of
      the pedicel-capsule junction converted more dopa than latex supernatant from the
      upper capsule or lower pedicel regions, although there was more protein in the
      latex from the capsule. Percent conversion of pedicel-capsule latex into dopamine
      was maximum in unopened flower buds and decreased within 14 days after flowering.
      Dopamine biosynthesis in latex and cell-free extracts also varied with the stage
      of organ development. Extracts from capsule tissue converted more labeled dopa
      into dopamine than did extracts from pedicels, leaves from vegetative plants at
      the rosette stage, leaves from flowering plants, or pedicels connected to
      capsules.

PMID- 6436442
TI  - Flavonoids from Brickellia glutinosa.

PMID- 6436443
TI  - Development of a highly sensitive enzyme-immunoassay for serum carbonic anhydrase
      III.
AB  - A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for human muscle carbonic
      anhydrase isozyme III (CA-III) has been developed using microplate as a solid
      phase and peroxidase as a labelled enzyme. The assay can detect levels as low as
      2 ng/ml when 20 microliter of sample sera were used. Sera from patients with
      various neurological diseases were studied using this method, and elevated serum
      CA-III levels were found in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, limb
      girdle dystrophy, fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, polymyositis and amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis. The values correlated well with the results of
      radioimmunoassay (RIA), with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 (P less than
      0.001). We feel EIA is preferable to RIA for its simple methodology.

PMID- 6436444
TI  - Analysis of serum free light chains by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: comparison
      with urinary light chains in light chain disease.
AB  - We investigated the relationship between serum free light chain levels measured
      by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in ten patients with light chain disease and
      traditional 24-hour urinary light chains in the same patients. The crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis test requires only a venipuncture for specimen acquisition,
      can be completed within 24 hours, and has a reproducibility (+/- 14%) comparable
      with that of other immunoprecipitin techniques. Twenty-eight serum-urine pairs,
      representing 18 discrete intervals, were analyzed. There was a close relationship
      between changes in serum and urine light chain levels, with a correlation
      coefficient of .77 or .93, depending on the method of calculation. This suggests
      that serum light chain levels measured by crossed immunoelectrophoresis would be
      equivalent to urinary light chain levels as indicators of tumor burden.
      Monitoring serum levels would have the advantage of greatly simplified specimen
      acquisition. In patients with renal failure, serum light chain levels should be a
      superior indicator of light chain synthesis.

PMID- 6436445
TI  - Nutritional parameters affecting erythrocyte polyamine levels in cancer patients.
AB  - Changes in erythrocyte polyamine levels during intravenous hyperalimentation in
      cancer and noncancer patients were determined, and the influence of host
      nutritional status on polyamine metabolism was analyzed. RBC putrescine (P less
      than .001), spermidine (P less than .01), and spermine (P less than .005) levels,
      and the putrescine-spermidine ratio (P less than .001) increased in the cancer
      group while no significant increases were noted in the noncancer group. The
      degree of malnutrition, based on body weight loss and plasma albumin,
      transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels, was significantly
      greater in the cancer group than in the noncancer group, giving rise to the
      possibility that repletion of nutritional deficits in host tissues could have
      contributed to the rise in RBC polyamines. When cancer patients of similar
      nutritional status were matched with the noncancer group, increases in RBC
      putrescine level and putrescine-spermidine ratio were noted in the selected
      cancer patients. These results suggest that correction of nutritional deficits
      did not contribute significantly to the RBC polyamine pool and that increases in
      RBC polyamines during intravenous hyperalimentation were related to the presence
      of tumor.

PMID- 6436446
TI  - Pain relief from dorsal root entry zone lesions made with argon and carbon
      dioxide microsurgical lasers.
AB  - Argon and carbon dioxide microsurgical lasers were used to produce lesions in the
      dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) experimentally in six cats and surgically in 21
      patients who had denervation pain syndromes. The technique of producing lesions,
      the histological and physiological changes seen in the cat spinal cord, and the
      results of treatment in the clinical series are discussed. Lesions were produced
      within the DREZ without new involvement of the dorsal column system or
      corticospinal tract in all but one patient. Based on their subjective evaluation,
      two-thirds of the patients were relieved of more than 50% of their preoperative
      pain. These experimental results and clinical experience suggest that the argon
      and carbon dioxide lasers effectively produce localized microsurgical lesions in
      the DREZ. The concept that an abnormality involving either neurons in the
      substantia gelatinosa or internuncial fibers in Lissauer's tract is responsible
      for pain in patients with primary sensory nerve deafferentation is discussed.

PMID- 6436447
TI  - Comparison of various methods for delivering radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to
      normal rat brain.
AB  - Different methods were evaluated for delivering iodine-125 monoclonal antibodies
      (Mab's) to the central nervous system in 40- to 99-gm Fischer rats. By evaluating
      interhemispheric, interregional, and brain:blood ratios of Mab's, the efficacy of
      intracarotid (IC) or intravenous (IV) administration of Mab's with and without
      prior IC perfusion with 0.9% NaCl (normal saline, NS), 1.4 M mannitol, or 1.6 M
      arabinose, or of femoral artery perfusion with 1.4 M mannitol was evaluated. No
      difference was seen between IC and IV administration of Mab's with or without
      prior perfusion. Intracarotid perfusion with hyperosmolar agents was required to
      disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to significantly elevate brain levels
      of Mab's. The brain and blood levels of Mab's were elevated in all regions of the
      brain following hyperosmolar BBB disruption. However, the levels were
      significantly higher in the ipsilateral hemisphere, with cross-over occurring
      primarily in the vascular distribution of the contralateral anterior cerebral
      artery. Intracarotid hyperosmolar perfusion produced 450% to 500% increases in
      ipsilateral and 240% to 280% increases in contralateral hemispheric brain:blood
      Mab ratio levels compared to those achieved with NS perfusion. For IC perfusion
      of mannitol or arabinose, flow rates ranging from 0.017 to 0.052 ml/sec were
      equally effective in disrupting the BBB. Insignificant morbidity and mortality
      rates were noted up to 2 weeks following BBB disruption. Additional ligation of
      major extracranial branches of the external and internal carotid arteries prior
      to IC perfusion did not result in a selective increase in hemispheric Mab levels.
      Temporally, following hyperosmolar BBB disruption, brain:blood Mab ratios
      remained elevated bilaterally at 7 days after Mab delivery, with the ipsilateral
      hemispheric levels remaining significantly elevated compared with the
      contralateral hemispheric levels until Day 5, when the ratio returned to the
      nonperfused range. Catheterization was required in the small animals and was
      performed under magnification in 10 to 20 minutes, with less than an 8% overall
      morbidity and mortality. The methodology developed should prove helpful in
      delivery of Mab's or other agents in rat tumor models and experimental models for
      other disease entities.

PMID- 6436448
TI  - Therapeutic trial of hypercarbia and hypocarbia in acute experimental spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - Hypocarbia, normocarbia, or hypercarbia was maintained for an 8-hour period
      beginning 30 minutes after acute threshold spinal cord injuries in cats. No
      statistically significant differences in neurological recovery or histologically
      assessed tissue preservation were found among the three groups of animals 6 weeks
      after injury. No animal recovered the ability to walk. It is concluded that
      maintenance of hypercarbia or hypocarbia during the early postinjury period is no
      more therapeutic than maintenance of normocarbia. Mortality rates and tissue
      preservation data suggest, however, that postinjury hypocarbia may be less
      damaging than hypercarbia.

PMID- 6436449
TI  - Aromatic radiofluorination with [18F]fluorine gas: 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa.
AB  - A new synthesis is described for the routine production of 3,4-dihydroxy-6
      [18F]fluoro-phenyl-L-alanine (6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa). The reaction between
      [18F]fluorine gas and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-dopa) in liquid hydrogen
      fluoride gave 2-, 5-, and 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa. 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-dopa was isolated
      by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. From 100 mCi [18F]F2, the
      method produces 3 mCi of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa at the end of synthesis.

PMID- 6436450
TI  - Improving nursing morale in a climate of cost containment. Part 2. Program
      planning.
AB  - Declining resources in health care frequently translate into work overload and
      declining opportunities for nursing staff. Faced with increases in absenteeism
      and lower morale among staff, nursing administrators must develop low-cost
      approaches to these problems. Building on the assessment process in Part 1
      (October 1984 JONA), the authors present elements of program planning,
      illustrating the process with a low-cost model program to improve morale that
      addresses workload, learning opportunities, and organizational rewards for staff
      nurses.

PMID- 6436451
TI  - Effects of biotin deficiency on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in rats.
AB  - The effects of biotin and protein-calorie deficiency on metabolism of liver
      phospholipids in rats were determined. Weanling male Long-Evans rats were fed ad
      libitum a biotin-deficient (0.4 micrograms biotin/g diet) or a biotin-adequate
      (2.4 micrograms biotin/g diet) diet for 49 days. A pair-fed group was fed biotin
      adequate diet but restricted to the amount consumed by biotin-deficient rats. The
      effects of these diets on food intake, weight gain, biotin content of serum and
      fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid were determined. Growth and food
      intake were significantly depressed in biotin-deficient and pair-fed rats. Biotin
      concentration in serum was significantly reduced in biotin-deficient and in pair
      fed rats. Biotin deficiency caused significantly increased concentrations of
      15:0, 17:0 and total odd-chain fatty acids in liver phospholipids. Combined
      biotin and protein-calorie deficiency and protein-calorie deficiency alone caused
      significantly increased concentrations of 18:2 omega 6 in liver phospholipids.
      Biotin deficiency caused significant reduction in liver phospholipid 20:3 omega
      6. Reduced arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) level was due to combined biotin
      protein-calorie deficiency. Protein-calorie deficiency alone was primarily
      responsible for reduced levels of 22:5 omega 6. Biotin deficiency alone caused
      significant increases in liver phospholipids 18:3 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3.

PMID- 6436452
TI  - Effect of dietary methionine and lysine on the toxicity of ingested lead acetate
      in the chick.
AB  - The interaction of methionine or lysine with lead in the diet of chicks was
      studied. In experiment 1, lead acetate to supply 0 or 1000 ppm lead was added to
      a diet that was either deficient in the total sulfur-containing amino acid (TSAA)
      content (62% of the requirement) or supplemented with DL-methionine to provide
      100% of the requirement (NRC, 1977). Supplementing the 0 ppm lead diet with
      methionine improved body weight gain. Dietary addition of 1000 ppm lead
      significantly decreased body weight gain; however, supplemental methionine
      partially alleviated the lead-induced growth depression (methionine X lead
      interaction was significant). Liver glutathione levels were markedly increased by
      supplemental methionine and also by lead but no methionine X lead interaction was
      detected. In experiment 2, the interaction between an essential non-sulfur
      containing amino acid, lysine, and dietary lead was investigated. Two levels of
      lead, 0 or 1000 ppm, were fed in diets either deficient or adequate in lysine (85
      or 100% of the requirement, respectively). Addition of lysine to the lysine
      deficient basal diet increased growth. The magnitude of the lead-induced growth
      depression was not affected by dietary lysine content. The lysine level of the
      diet did not influence the liver glutathione concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436453
TI  - Uptake of vitamin B12 by isolated ileal enterocytes.
AB  - Isolated ileal enterocytes incubated with intrinsic factor-[57Co]vitamin B12 (IF
      B12) at 37 degrees C took up 25 times more B12 than jejunal enterocytes. Uptake
      of B12 by ileal cells was dependent upon IF and Ca2+. B12 taken up by ileal
      enterocytes could be separated into two components: 1) B12 which was retained (E
      component) and 2) released (R-E component) by chelation of divalent cations. The
      E component could be removed from ileal cells by treatment with Triton X-100.
      Incubation of ileal enterocytes at 22 degrees C or with 2,4-dinitrophenol reduced
      incorporation of B12 into the E, but not the R-E, component. Ileal enterocytes
      were incubated with IF-[57Co]B12 washed and reincubated with unlabeled IF-B12.
      Reincubation resulted in a decrease in the amount of [57Co]B12 in the R-E
      component and a concomitant increase of that in the E component indicating that
      B12 was transferred from the R-E to the E component. Dinitrophenol reduced
      transfer from R-E to E components. These results suggest that, using isolated
      enterocytes, two sequential steps in ileal absorption of B12 can be identified:
      1) energy-independent binding of IF-B12 to its receptor on the brush border
      followed by 2) an energy-dependent event which probably represents transfer of
      B12 from its receptor into the cell.

PMID- 6436454
TI  - A cost-effective weight loss program at the worksite.
AB  - A major focus of Lockheed Missiles and Space Company's wellness program
      (Sunnyvale, Calif.) was to motivate weight loss in a cost-effective manner. The
      educationally based "Take It Off '83" campaign was created using the concepts of
      competition and self-responsibility. Seventy percent of the initial 2,499
      participants completed the program, and 90% of these lost weight. Program
      completion rates and weight lost were higher for men than for women and higher
      for those who participated as team members rather than as individuals.
      Encouraging the formation of supportive/competitive teams proved to be a very
      effective means of promoting weight loss. The cost-effective motivation of weight
      loss in an industrial setting was accomplished successfully through this program
      (the cost to the company per initial participant was +5.40). Because of these
      results, the program will be repeated annually.

PMID- 6436455
TI  - The effects of antibiotic-supplemented bone allografts on contaminated, partially
      avulsive fractures of the canine ulna.
AB  - The use of antibiotic-supplemented bone allograft as a material for placement in
      contaminated fractures of the dog ulna was investigated. Demineralized, freeze
      dried bone allografts mixed with antibiotics and gelatin were placed in five
      fractures contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (Washington Hospital strain)
      and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA 220). The results of treatment with antibiotic
      supplemented bone allografts were compared with the results of conventional
      treatment in five additional experimental animals in which fractures contaminated
      with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were created. The five fractures treated by
      conventional methods developed acute osteomyelitis and nonunion, whereas the ASBA
      treated fractures resulted in bone union without infection. ASBA-treated
      fractures were stable and had 89% of the shearing strength of the non-fractured,
      contralateral ulnae five months after treatment.

PMID- 6436456
TI  - Comparison of cartilage destruction between infectious and adjuvant arthritis.
AB  - The timing and molecular profile of cartilage destruction in Escherichia coli and
      Staphylococcus aureus infectious arthritis and killed Mycobacterium butyricum
      adjuvant arthritis are presented. Infectious arthritis was studied for 3 weeks;
      cartilage samples were analyzed at 2, 10, and 21 days. At 48 h postinfection,
      glycosaminoglycan content was reduced by 20% (p less than 0.05) in E. coli
      infected knees and by 42% (p less than 0.05) in tibial plateau cartilage of S.
      aureus infected knees. By the 3rd week of infection, glycosaminoglycan losses
      amounted to as much as 73% (p less than 0.005). In comparison, collagen losses
      were not significant prior to the 3rd week of infection, at which time 42% (p
      less than 0.05) was lost. Adjuvant arthritic tibial plateau cartilage was
      examined at 1, 3 and 12 weeks. Glycosaminoglycans decreased by 42% the 1st week,
      plateauing at 62% by the 3rd and 12th weeks. Collagen degradation began at 3
      weeks (28% loss, p less than 0.10) and by the 12th week was reduced by 49% (p
      less than 0.005). Analysis of the individual species of glycosaminoglycan showed
      a parallel loss of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate. Fractionation of
      glycosaminoglycans with respect to size produced no evidence of shortened chains
      in cartilage from infected joints. Hyaluronic acid losses were greatest when
      collagen was significantly decreased. The pattern by which chondroitin and
      keratan sulfates are lost demonstrates that a prominent feature of infectious and
      noninfectious inflammatory arthritis is a rapid loss of proteoglycan subunits
      that precedes collagen loss.

PMID- 6436457
TI  - Invalidity of single-passage measurements of the extraction of bone-seeking
      tracers in rats and rabbits.
AB  - Single-passage experiments in which bone-seeking tracers are injected arterially
      at the same time as microspheres to determine an extraction ratio are only valid
      if the maximum transit time through bone is less than the minimum recirculation
      time. This validity was investigated by injecting various intravascular and more
      diffusible tracers into the hearts or aortas of rats and rabbits at different
      times before the rapid cessation of circulation. At no time between 4 and 60 s
      after injection did the bone concentration of any of the tracers fall to
      negligible values. Removal of unbound tracer is therefore not complete before
      recirculation starts, and the single-passage technique is invalid. Measurements
      of bone blood flow based on the clearance of 18F cannot be substantiated, as its
      extraction is flow dependent.

PMID- 6436458
TI  - Effects of mechanical loading on the tissues of the rabbit knee.
AB  - We studied changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage in an animal model
      of osteoarthrosis. In this model we applied repetitive impulsive loads to
      rabbits' knees. Their legs were held in short leg splints so the rabbits were
      unable to dampen the peak applied load with ankle flexion. After sacrifice, at 1
      day to 6 weeks, we studied proximal tibial load-bearing cartilage histologically,
      biochemically, and with radioactive sulfate uptake. We also studied the
      subchondral bone under that cartilage histologically, histomorphometrically, with
      bone scan (99mTc pyrophosphate), and by tetracycline labeling. An increase in
      99mTc labeling of the subchondral bone was the first reliable change observed.
      This was followed by an increase in tetracycline labeling, bone formation, and a
      decrease in porosity, which has been associated with relative stiffening of bone.
      Horizontal splitting and deep fibrillation of the overlying articular cartilage
      followed the early bone changes. All of these changes preceded changes in content
      and characterization of cartilage proteoglycans or increased chondrocyte activity
      as manifested by incorporation of radioactive sulfate. In this model the early
      bone changes preceded changes in the articular cartilage. The deep splitting of
      articular cartilage occurred prior to metabolic alteration of that tissue.

PMID- 6436459
TI  - Acupuncture as a detoxification modality.

PMID- 6436460
TI  - Absence of sialic acid in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from Trypanosoma
      cruzi.

PMID- 6436461
TI  - Intestinal absorption mechanisms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - Intestinal absorption mechanisms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) following
      the oral administration of TRH-tartrate (TRH-T) were studied in animals. When TRH
      T was orally administered to rats or beagle-dogs, absorption of TRH showed
      apparent saturation and decreased with food ingestion. TRH is very stable against
      gastrointestinal digestive enzymes, homogenized intestine and epithelial cells.
      First pass effect in the liver was not observed in beagle-dogs. Absorption site
      specificity was found in rats, namely TRH can be absorbed from only the upper
      part of the small intestine. A saturation phenomenon was also observed in in situ
      and everted sac experiments. TRH absorption was inhibited by the existence of
      oligopeptides and some beta-lactam antibiotics that had been reported to be
      absorbed by active transport or carrier-mediated transport systems. The transfer
      of TRH from mucosal to serosal solutions was inhibited by the replacement of
      medium Na ions by K ions and by the existence of oligopeptides. The transfer rate
      from serosal side to mucosal side was much slower than that from mucosal side to
      serosal side. These results suggested that there should be a certain carrier
      mediated transport system in the absorption process of TRH.

PMID- 6436462
TI  - [Chemistry and biological activity of nucleoside Q and its analogs].

PMID- 6436463
TI  - Acute intravenous infusion of disodium dihydrogen (1
      hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate: mechanism of toxicity.
AB  - The acute intravenous toxicity of disodium dihydrogen (1
      hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate (etidronate disodium; I) and the mechanism of
      this toxic response have been investigated in 40 beagle dogs. The intravenous
      toxicity of I is dependent on the total dose administered and the length of the
      infusion interval. The toxicity of I is directly related to the ability of the
      drug to bind or complex with the circulating calcium in the blood. Maximum
      depressions in ionized calcium coincide in time with peak blood levels of I, and
      at lethal doses electrocardiographic changes indicative of hypocalcemia are
      observed. For a 2-min infusion of 2 mg of I/kg, no effect is observed on ionized
      calcium levels, and the electrocardiogram remains normal. At doses of 16 and 32
      mg/kg, coincident with an immediate fall in ionized calcium levels, there is a
      transient rise in total calcium and a fall in phosphorus levels. The ionized
      calcium level rises, and total calcium level falls and stabilizes at baseline
      levels within 30 min after the infusion. However, the phosphorus level rises and
      exceeds the baseline value, reaching 3-4 times normal by 72 h after the infusion.
      With proven lethal doses of I (60 mg/kg infused over 2 min) and the simultaneous
      infusion of an ionized calcium salt such as calcium gluconate (20 mg of Ca2+/kg),
      electrocardiograms remain normal and death is prevented. Thus, an effective
      antidote in the event of an overdose or too rapid an infusion of I can be
      employed to prevent acute toxic effects.

PMID- 6436464
TI  - Determination of bupropion and its major basic metabolites in plasma by liquid
      chromatography with dual-wavelength ultraviolet detection.
AB  - A method for the determination of bupropion and its three major basic metabolites
      in plasma is described. Following an extraction from alkaline plasma into 1.5%
      v/v isoamyl alcohol in n-heptane, a portion of the acid-backwashed extract was
      injected onto a column packed with trimethylsilyl reverse-phase material and
      eluted with a phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (80:20) mobile phase containing an
      ion-pairing reagent and triethylamine. The compounds were detected with a dual
      wavelength UV detector (214 and 254 nm) to optimize sensitivity and facilitate
      simultaneous detection. The method provides an absolute recovery of approximately
      85% for bupropion and approximately 98% for the metabolites. Day-to-day
      reproducibility did not exceed 4.0% for all compounds. The detection limits were
      approximately 5 ng/mL for bupropion and 100 ng/mL for the major metabolites. The
      limit of 100 ng/mL for metabolite quantitation is imposed by the internal
      standard concentration selected for steady-state studies. In single-dose
      pharmacokinetic studies, 10% of the steady-state concentration of internal
      standard was used; this permitted a 10-ng/mL lower limit of detection. Steady
      state plasma levels of bupropion and the metabolites from eight different
      patients are presented.

PMID- 6436465
TI  - Direct chloride measurement of [4-36Cl]chlorobiphenyl and [4,4'
      36Cl]dichlorobiphenyl dechlorination in the rat.
AB  - A reverse-phase HPLC system was used for the determination of inorganic chloride
      liberated in vivo from two biphenyl compounds in the rat. Oral administration of
      [4-36Cl]chlorobiphenyl resulted in a total yield of 27.6% of the original dose
      excreted over 10 d in the urine and included 1.7% of the dose as inorganic
      chloride. For [4,4'-36Cl]dichlorobiphenyl, the radioactivity of the original dose
      in the urine was 39.8% after 10 d, which included 11.5% of the dose as inorganic
      chloride. These results appear to represent the first direct determination of
      dechlorination by measurement of the inorganic chloride and suggest that
      biodechlorination plays a greater role in the metabolism of these compounds than
      previously expected.

PMID- 6436466
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C in dogs: application of a high-performance liquid
      chromatographic assay.
AB  - A normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed
      for the determination of mitomycin C in plasma and urine. The method involves
      extraction of mitomycin C from plasma or urine into ethyl acetate-2-propanol
      chloroform (70:15:15) with UV detection at 365 nm. Quantitation was performed
      with an internal standard (porfiromycin) by the peak height ratio method.
      Excellent correlation was obtained between the HPLC assay and the established
      microbiological cup-plate bioassay. The pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C were
      investigated in beagle dogs following a 1-mg/kg iv (22-mg/m2) bolus dose. The
      plasma mitomycin C concentration versus time data were analyzed by using an open
      three-compartment model. The average volume of distribution was 1.90 L or 17% of
      body weight for the central compartment and 7.7 L or 68% of body weight for the
      terminal elimination phase. The volumes of distribution at steady state,
      calculated by model-dependent and -independent methods, compared very well with
      each other and were 6.5 L or 58% of body weight. Total body clearance averaged
      112 mL/min, and the mean terminal plasma half-life was 53 min. The 0-24-h urinary
      excretion of intact mitomycin C accounted for 19% of the dose. The terminal half
      life and percent urinary recovery of mitomycin C in dogs is similar to that in
      humans. Based on these observations, the dog appears to be a good model for
      studying the disposition of mitomycin C.

PMID- 6436467
TI  - Antiradiation compounds XIX: metal-binding abilities of thioureas.
AB  - Metal-binding stability constants for a series of N- and N,N'-substituted
      thioureas with Cu(II), Ni(II), Al(III), and Fe(III) ions were determined by
      potentiometric titration. The sequence of constants for thiourea, N
      methylthiourea, and N,N'-dimethylthiourea indicated steric effects of the methyl
      groups and that both nitrogen and sulfur were involved in the complexation. The
      magnitude of the constants was somewhat lower than those of the simple peptides.
      The mechanism of protection against ionizing radiation by thioureas is probably
      due to hydrogen-atom transfer rather than binding of metal ions that catalyze
      cellular oxidations.

PMID- 6436468
TI  - Histamine H1 and H2 effects on gastric acid and pepsin, heart rate and blood
      pressure in humans.
AB  - Gastric acid and pepsin secretion, heart rate and blood pressure were studied
      simultaneously during an infusion of histamine in eight patients with peptic
      ulcer or esophagitis. We found that histamine equally stimulated both acid and
      pepsin via H2 receptors. No evidence for any gastric H1 effect was found. Heart
      rate was increased modestly (12 beats/min) and this effect was reversed by
      diphenhydramine, an H1 antagonist, which did not by itself or in combination with
      the H2 antagonist cimetidine modify the hypotensive effect of histamine. The
      histamine effects in humans contrasts with those in the conscious dog where
      histamine inhibits pepsin secretion and strongly stimulates heart rate. The
      results emphasize major species and organ differences in both gastric and cardiac
      histamine effects.

PMID- 6436469
TI  - Vasodilatory action of HA1004 [N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide], a
      novel calcium antagonist with no effect on cardiac function.
AB  - A novel compound, N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (HA1004) was
      found to be a potent relaxant of blood vessels. Rabbit aortic strips contracted
      by 18 mM KCl relaxed in the presence of HA1004, with an ED50 value of 2.2 X 10(
      6) M. The isolated guinea-pig atria on right ventricular papillary muscles did
      not respond to HA1004, even at a concentration of 3 X 10(-4) M. HA1004, like
      verapamil, produced a competitive inhibition of the Ca++-induced contraction of
      the depolarized rabbit aorta. The pA2 value of HA1004 for the Ca++-induced
      contraction was 6.60. Atropine, propranolol, theophylline or indomethacin had no
      effect on the HA1004-induced relaxation. HA1004 (3 X 10(-6) M) inhibited the
      contraction produced by Ca++ ionophore, A23187, whereas verapamil or diltiazem
      had no effect on this contraction, even at a concentration of 3 X 10(-5) M.
      Moreover, HA1004 produced a competitive inhibition of Ca++-induced contraction of
      the A23187-treated aorta and inhibited the phenylephrine-induced contraction
      elicited in ca++-free solution, thereby suggesting that this drug affects
      intracellular rather than extracellular Ca++. The present findings indicate that
      HA1004 is a novel calcium antagonistic vasodilator with no effect on cardiac
      function and is apparently of a different class of calcium antagonist from
      verapamil.

PMID- 6436470
TI  - Peripheral and central actions of sodium azide on circulatory and respiratory
      homeostasis in anesthesized cats.
AB  - In pentobarbital-anesthesized cats, bolus i.v. injections of sodium azide
      produced dose-dependent transient hypotension accompanied by a modest tachycardia
      and a brief hyperpnea. Intracerebroventricular injections of azide elicited
      graded effects similar to the i.v. doses, but the responses were slower in onset
      and could be delayed by occluding the cranial blood supply. This is interpreted
      to mean that intracerebroventricular azide acts systematically after escaping
      from the cerebrospinal fluid into the bloodstream. The hypotensive response to
      i.v. azide was not affected by cholinergic or adrenergic blockade or buffer nerve
      section. The tachycardia was blocked by sympathetic neural blockade or buffer
      nerve section indicating that it is a baroreflex response to the vasodepressor
      effect. Respiratory effects of bolus i.v. azide occurred independently of the
      hypotensive response and were abolished by peripheral chemodenervation. Infusion
      of azide facilitated CO2-tidal volume responsiveness in the steady state, an
      effect that was essentially eliminated by carotid sinus neurotomy. The azide did
      not affect the tidal volume-respiratory frequency relationship mediated by the
      pulmonary stretch receptors. Thus, the respiratory stimulant effect of azide in
      subtoxic doses is attributable to an excitatory action on the arterial
      chemoreceptors. Toxic doses of azide resulted in centrally mediated hypertension,
      tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory depression, seizures and death.

PMID- 6436471
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism by rat liver cells (the C-9 cell line).
AB  - Rat liver cells (the C-9 cell line) are capable of producing, from endogenously
      liberated arachidonic acid, prostaglandins I2, E2 and F2 alpha. Greater than 95%
      of these cyclooxygenase products is prostaglandin I2. Arachidonic acid metabolism
      is stimulated by treatment of the C-9 cells with epidermal growth factor,
      vasopressin, angiotensin II or thrombin. Stimulation by combined treatments with
      vasopressin, angiotensin II or thrombin is additive; but each stimulation, when
      incubated in the presence of epidermal growth factor, is synergistic. These
      stimulations are dependent on Ca++. They are inhibited by indomethacin and
      dexamethasone. The cells exhibit homologous, but not heterologous,
      desensitization to vasopressin and thrombin. The synergistic stimulation by
      epidermal growth factor and vasopressin is inhibited by prior treatment of the
      cells with epidermal growth factor.

PMID- 6436472
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in a cell suspension isolated from rabbit renal outer
      medulla.
AB  - We studied arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by a cell suspension containing
      principally cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH)
      obtained from the inner stripe of the outer medulla of the rabbit kidney. Based
      on comparison of specific activities of enzymes before and after separation,
      alkaline phosphatase, Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase, as well as Tamm-Horsfall
      glycoprotein and electron microscopic appearance, 80% of these cells were
      estimated to be TALH in origin. TALH cells had low activity of cyclooxygenase and
      did not show evidence of lipoxygenase activity. However, they selectively
      converted exogenous AA to oxygenated metabolites by a cytochrome P-450 related
      mechanism. AA metabolites were produced in large amounts (30-40% conversion of
      [14C]AA, 1 to 5 micrograms/mg of protein/30 min) and were increased 5-fold after
      separation of TALH cells from a suspension of outer medullary cells, suggesting
      that TALH cells synthesized these metabolites. Induction of cytochrome P-450 by
      pretreatment of rabbits with beta-naphthoflavone and 3-methylcholanthrene
      increased formation of the AA metabolites by almost 2-fold in the separated cells
      and correlated with cytochrome P-450 content of the renal outer medulla.
      Additionally, SKF 525A and carbon monoxide inhibited product formation in these
      renomedullary cells, supporting a role for a cytochrome P-450-like monooxygenase
      in TALH cell function.

PMID- 6436473
TI  - Renal metabolism of sulindac: functional implications.
AB  - We examined the metabolism of the prodrug sulindac sulfoxide and the active
      moiety, sulindac sulfide, in the isolated perfused kidney of the rabbit. Whether
      the sulfoxide or the sulfide was infused did not affect notably the pattern of
      drug efflux. In either case, the inactive sulfoxide and sulfone were the only
      forms recovered from urinary or venous effluents except for the appearance of a
      small amount of sulfide in the venous effluent after infusion of the sulfide. In
      contrast, large amounts of the sulfide were recovered from renal tissue, in
      addition to the inactive forms, after either prodrug or sulfide administration.
      We also examined the effects of the prodrug and the sulfide on stimulated release
      of prostaglandins in response to angiotensin II in the rabbit kidney and to
      norepinephrine in the rat kidney. Infusion of either 1 microgram/ml of sulindac
      sulfide or 10 micrograms/ml of sulfoxide inhibited prostaglandin release from
      both rabbit and rat kidneys. Inclusion of 2% bovine serum albumin in the
      perfusing medium largely confined radiolabeled forms of sulindac to the vascular
      space and inhibited oxidative inactivation of sulindac sulfide. However,
      inhibition of prostaglandin release by sulindac sulfide was only slightly reduced
      by protein binding. We conclude that 1) the kidney rapidly interconverts sulfide
      and sulfoxide forms; 2) the forms of sulindac present in renal tissue contrast
      with the inactive forms recovered from urinary and venous effluents; 3) either
      prodrug or sulfide administration can result in renal cyclooxygenase inhibition;
      and 4) protein binding restricts sulindac sulfide primarily to the vascular
      compartment but does not prevent inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6436474
TI  - Rate of change of alveolar carbon dioxide and the control of ventilation during
      exercise.
AB  - The relationship between rate of change of alveolar PCO2 (delta PA, CO2/delta
      te), CO2 output (VCO2) and ventilation (VE) has been determined following a rapid
      increase in exercise intensity, to test the hypothesis that VE is related to VCO2
      by a feed-forward control system responding to delta PA, CO2/delta te. There was
      a close relationship between delta PA, CO2/delta te and VCO2 (delta PA, CO2/delta
      te = 3.2 VCO2 + 0.85), but delta PA, CO2/delta te increased more rapidly than
      VCO2. Increases in mean inspiratory flow, an index of inspiratory drive, were
      more closely related to changes in delta PA, CO2/delta te than to changes in
      VCO2. Increases in VE during transient and steady-state conditions may be
      described by the equation: VE = 6.76 delta PA, CO2/delta te -3.50, a relationship
      which is consistent with a feed-forward control system.

PMID- 6436475
TI  - Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level.
AB  - We determined the incidence of exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia and its
      determinants in sixteen highly trained, healthy runners who were capable of
      achieving and sustaining very high metabolic rates (maximal O2 uptake = 72 +/- 2
      ml kg-1 min-1 or 4.81 +/- 0.13 l min-1). Arterial blood gases and acid-base
      status were determined at each load of a progressive short-term exercise test and
      repeatedly during constant-load treadmill running while breathing air and during
      inhalation of mildly hypoxic, hyperoxic, and helium-enriched gases. Three types
      of responses to heavy and maximum exercise were evident and highly reproducible
      within subjects. Four runners maintained arterial PO2 (Pa, O2) within 10 mmHg of
      resting values, another four showed 10-15 mmHg reductions in Pa, O2, and the
      remaining eight showed reductions of 21-35 mmHg, i.e. in all cases to a Pa, O2 of
      less than 75 mmHg and to less than 60 mmHg in two cases. During constant-load
      exercise, Pa, O2 was often maintained during the initial 30 s when
      hyperventilation was greatest; then hypoxaemia occurred and in most cases was
      either maintained or worsened over the ensuing 3-4 min. The most severe
      hypoxaemia during heavy exercise was associated with no or little alveolar
      hyperventilation (Pa, CO2 greater than 35 mmHg and PA, O2 less than 110 mmHg) and
      an alveolar to arterial PO2 difference [(A-a)DO2] in excess of 40 mmHg. During 3
      4 min of heavy exercise alveolar PO2 (PA, O2) decreased by 20 mmHg in mild
      hypoxia (0.17 FI, O2; inspired % O2) and increased by 20 mmHg during mild
      hyperoxia (0.24 FI, O2) and 10 mmHg during the hyperventilation which accompanied
      normoxic helium breathing. In all cases Pa, O2 changed in proportion to PA, O2
      with no consistent change in the alveolar to arterial PO2 difference [(A-a)DO2].
      In view of the correction of hypoxaemia with mild hyperoxia and the very high
      ratios of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary blood flow (VA/QC = 4-6) achieved
      during heavy exercise, we think it unlikely that non-uniformity of the VA/QC
      distribution or veno-arterial shunt could explain the hypoxaemia observed in most
      of our subjects. By exclusion, we suggest that hypoxaemia may be attributed to a
      diffusion limitation secondary to very short red cell transit times in at least a
      portion of the pulmonary circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6436476
TI  - Facilitatory influence of noradrenergic afferents on the excitability of rat
      paraventricular nucleus neurosecretory cells.
AB  - The role of the A1 and A2 noradrenergic cell groups of the caudal medulla in
      regulating the activity of paraventricular nucleus neurosecretory cells was
      examined with electrophysiological methods in anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Antidromically identified neurosecretory cells were classified as
      vasopressin or oxytocin secreting on the basis of spontaneous firing patterns and
      responsivity to baroreceptor activation. The effect on cell firing of single
      pulses (25-200 microA) delivered to either the A1 or A2 cell group areas was then
      examined using peri-stimulus histograms. Stimulation of the A1 region enhanced
      the activity of 78% of putative vasopressin-secreting neurones tested (n = 18),
      but failed to affect the activity of the majority (73%) of putative oxytocin
      secreting units (n = 15). A2 stimulation enhanced the firing rate of both
      putative vasopressin- (60%, total n = 14) and putative oxytocin-secreting (70%,
      total n = 27) neurones. Destruction of the paraventricular nucleus catecholamine
      terminal plexus by pre-treatment with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine abolished
      the facilitatory effects of both A1 and A2 stimulation. These findings suggest
      that noradrenergic afferents of medullary origin facilitate the activity of
      paraventricular nucleus neurosecretory cells. The role of the projection from the
      A1 cell group appears to differ from that of the A2 group, however, in that its
      effects are specific to putative vasopressin-secreting units.

PMID- 6436477
TI  - Lesions of the locus coeruleus abolish baroreceptor-induced depression of
      supraoptic neurones in the rat.
AB  - Urethane-anaesthetized rats were used to investigate the influence of lesions
      within the locus coeruleus on the inhibition of phasically discharging supraoptic
      neurones that normally follows the activation of arterial baroreceptors. Carotid
      sinus baroreceptors were stimulated by the inflation of a blind sac of the
      carotid bifurcation. A general activation of arterial baroreceptors was evoked by
      increasing arterial blood pressure following the intravenous injection of the
      pure alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine. The locus coeruleus of one side
      only was destroyed either by thermal (radio-frequency) lesions, or by the
      injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (1 microliter, 0.5 mg/ml). The extent of each
      lesion was assessed histologically in stained tissue and with fluorescence
      histochemistry. Lesions in locus coeruleus abolished all baroreceptor input to
      supraoptic neurones on the side ipsilateral to the lesion. The lesions had no
      effect on the cardiovascular responses to the stimulus, and did not abolish the
      excitation of supraoptic neurones after ipsilateral carotid body chemoreceptor
      activation. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions (1 microliter, mg/ml) in the rostral part
      of the ventrolateral A1 catecholamine neurones were less consistent in their
      abolition of baroreceptor input to the supraoptic nucleus. When the input from
      ipsilateral carotid sinus baroreceptors was abolished, there was an equivalent
      effect on the influence of the carotid body chemoreceptors. Input from other
      arterial baroreceptors, activated by phenylephrine injection, was not affected.
      From these results, it is proposed that the baroreceptor-induced depression of
      phasically discharging supraoptic neurones is mediated via a direct noradrenergic
      input from the locus coeruleus.

PMID- 6436478
TI  - The effect of fasting on the potential difference across the brush-border
      membrane of enterocytes in rat small intestine.
AB  - The effects of starvation on the magnitude of the potential difference across the
      brush-border membrane of rat small intestine (Vm) have been studied in vitro. The
      mean values obtained for Vm in jejunal tissue after a fast of either 24 or 72 h
      duration (-53.5 and -55.0 mV respectively) were significantly greater than the
      mean value of -45.3 mV recorded using intestine from fed rats. A similar
      hyperpolarization was observed after a 72 h fast using intestine from a more
      distal region. The response to fasting seen in the jejunum appears to be caused
      by a decrease in Na+ permeability of the mucosal membrane. The addition of D
      galactose (4 mM) or L-valine (4 mM) to the mucosal fluid caused a depolarization
      of Vm. Using jejunum from fed animals, Vm in the presence of galactose and valine
      was found to be -40.3 and -39.2 mV respectively. Following a fast of 72 h
      duration, the values of Vm for the two substrates were -43.4 and -43.1 mV
      respectively. Phlorhizin (10(-4) M) abolished the galactose-induced
      depolarization in both fed and fasted conditions but was without effect on the
      response to valine. It is concluded that starvation increases the electrical
      driving force for Na+ during Na+ coupled non-electrolyte transport into the
      enterocyte. The possible mechanisms involved in this adaptive response are
      discussed.

PMID- 6436480
TI  - Vagal control of gall-bladder contraction.
AB  - The role of the vagi in gall-bladder contraction was studied in conscious dogs
      with chronic biliary fistulae. The interdigestive periodic contraction of this
      organ was abolished by bilateral cervical vagal blockade, atropine or
      pentolinium, but neither methacholine nor carbachol initiated contraction when
      the duodenum was kept alkaline. The orthodox view that gall-bladder evacuation is
      primarily controlled by humoral mechanisms needs re-evaluation. Vagal blockade
      prevented the usual gall-bladder contraction in response to duodenal
      acidification.

PMID- 6436479
TI  - Calcium-dependent after-potentials in visceral afferent neurones of the rabbit.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in nodose ganglia excised from
      rabbits. In C neurones, 1-60 action potentials were followed by an after
      hyperpolarization with a peak amplitude of 16 mV and a time constant of decay
      ranging from 3 to 10 s. In A neurones, the action potentials were followed only
      by a brief (up to 50 ms) after-hyperpolarization. The after-hyperpolarization was
      associated with an increase in the membrane conductance to potassium ions; it
      reversed polarity at the potassium equilibrium potential. The increase in
      conductance following the action potentials was blocked by removal of calcium
      ions, or addition of cobalt to the extracellular solution. Intracellular
      injection of ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid
      (EGTA) abolished the after-hyperpolarization; intracellular injection of calcium
      mimicked the after-hyperpolarization. It is concluded that calcium entry during
      the action potential leads to a long-lasting increase in potassium conductance in
      visceral afferent C neurones.

PMID- 6436481
TI  - Is the voluntary control of exercise in man necessary for the ventilatory
      response?
AB  - The ventilatory response to electrically induced exercise (EEL) was studied in
      eighteen normal subjects and compared with the response to performing the same
      exercise voluntarily (EV). EEL was produced by surface electrode stimulation of
      the quadriceps and hamstring muscles so as to cause a pushing movement at 1 HZ
      against a spring load; this produced no pain or discomfort. Matching of EV to EEL
      was achieved by subjects copying a tension signal recorded during EEL and
      displayed on a storage oscilloscope. There were no differences between the
      resting states measured before either form of exercise. The ventilatory response
      (change in ventilation as a ratio of the change in CO2 elimination) was similar
      in the two types of exercise. The increases in ventilation and CO2 elimination
      were greater with EEL. Small but significant increases in the gas exchange ratio
      and serum lactate were found for EEL but not for EV, suggesting an increase in
      anaerobic metabolism in EEL. End-tidal PCO2 showed little change in either form
      of exercise. In some runs end-tidal PCO2 rose, but insufficiently to account for
      the ventilatory response as judged by the response to inhaled CO2. In two
      subjects arterial blood samples showed small and inconsistent changes in both
      Pa,CO2 and PaO2 for EV and EEL. pH and base excess changes also were consistent
      with more anaerobiosis with EEL compared to EV. The first ten breaths of exercise
      were used to study the on transient. In EV, expiratory duration shortened and
      ventilation increased significantly on the first breath but CO2 elimination did
      not increase until the second breath; in EEL, these variables did not change
      significantly until the second breath. For the remainder of the on transient the
      pattern of the ventilatory response was similar for EV and EEL. By the end of the
      on transient both EV and EEL had reached approximately 80% of their final steady
      state values. These results suggest that a normal ventilatory response can occur
      in the absence of a drive to exercise from the cortex.

PMID- 6436482
TI  - The role of spinal cord transmission in the ventilatory response to exercise in
      man.
AB  - The ventilatory response to electrically induced exercise was studied in thirteen
      patients with traumatic spinal cord transection at or about the level of T6. The
      steady-state and on-transient responses to this exercise were compared with those
      obtained in eighteen normal subjects (Adams, Garlick, Guz, Murphy & Semple,
      1984). Exercise was produced by surface electrode stimulation of the quadriceps
      and hamstring muscles so as to produce a pushing movement at 1 HZ against a
      spring load. At rest there was no significant difference between normals and
      patients, except that the patients had a lower CO2 elimination (VCO2) and end
      tidal PCO2 (PET,CO2) and a higher heart rate. On exercise the mean rise in VCO2
      for the patients was 172 ml min-1 (S.D. 72), and for the normals was 287 ml min-1
      (S.D. 143). The corresponding mean changes in ventilation (VI) were 4.4 l min-1
      (S.D. 2.2) and 7.6 l min-1 (S.D. 3.2). However, the ventilatory equivalent for
      CO2 (delta VI/delta VCO2) in the steady state was not significantly different
      between patients (26.0, S.D. 5.9) and normals (28.5, S.D. 7.4). In the steady
      state there was a mean rise in PET,CO2 of 0.9 mmHg (S.D. 1.4) in the normals, and
      3.2 mmHg (S.D. 2.7) in the patients, but there was overlap between the two
      groups. In many experimental runs in both groups, PET,CO2 did not rise, and
      sometimes fell. Where PCO2 did rise, the ventilatory response to exercise could
      not be accounted for on the basis of the ventilatory sensitivity to CO2
      inhalation. From arterial sampling in three of the patients it was found that
      when PET,CO2 rose, the corresponding change in Pa,CO2 was less. During the on
      transient, there was a significant rise in both VCO2 and VI by the second breath
      in both groups. At the end of the on transient the normal subjects had achieved
      84% (S.D. 40) of the steady-state increase in VCO2 and 88% (S.D. 24) of the
      increase in VI. The corresponding values for the patients were 67% (S.D. 17) and
      77% (S.D. 16) respectively; these differences between normals and patients are
      significant. The increase of VI during the on transient in the patients was
      achieved almost entirely by an increase in tidal volume whereas in normals, an
      increase in respiratory rate was a more important component. We conclude
      therefore that in man, spinal cord transection with a presumed loss of muscle
      afferents allows a ventilatory response to electrically induced exercise that
      cannot be explained by classical chemoreception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6436483
TI  - Skin response to cobalt 60 irradiation and the consequences for matching the
      color of facial prostheses.
AB  - A radiotherapy treatment (60Co) of cancer in the head and neck region causes side
      effects in the skin that postpone the facial prosthetic treatment. The increasing
      and fading erythema and pigmentation of the skin was investigated with the use of
      a subtractive colorimeter. This method was verified with photographs scored
      according to the Oxford scoring system. Fourteen patients were investigated
      during a period of 24 weeks. The mean colorimetric skin response showed a peak 6
      weeks after the onset of irradiation. Six to 7 weeks later, there was no
      significant difference between the skin color before and after irradiation. At
      this time the dry desquamation of the skin is healed. From this viewpoint, the
      color matching procedure for a facial prosthesis may start not earlier than 15
      weeks from the onset of irradiation. If a nonirradiated control field in the
      facial region is present, a color match for the facial prosthesis can be started
      just after the irradiation period.

PMID- 6436484
TI  - Salivary and lacrimal secretions in patients on lithium therapy.
AB  - Salivary and lacrimal secretion rates and salivary composition were examined in
      22 manic-depressive patients on lithium therapy and in 21 matched, healthy
      controls. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) were measured in these patients.
      Their oral health was examined and found to be unimpaired. Significantly lowered
      tear secretion was detected in the patients, while their salivary secretion rates
      were normal. The salivary concentrations of NA, K and IgA were significantly
      elevated in whole saliva. In parotid saliva, the concentrations of K and IgA were
      elevated, while Na was in the normal range. A significant correlation between
      serum and salivary lithium concentrations was found, indicating the usefulness of
      salivary measurements for monitoring. Informed consent of the patients was
      obtained after the nature of the procedures had been fully explained.

PMID- 6436485
TI  - Impaired glycine-serine conversion and increased plasma taurine levels in
      episodic psychotic patients with psychedelic symptoms.
AB  - A disturbance of serine-glycine metabolism has been demonstrated in patients
      suffering from episodic acute psychosis, characterized by sensory perceptual
      distortions in whom oral loading with either serine or glycine induced
      psychedelic symptoms. Fasting plasma amino acid levels in oral serine-responsive
      patients were compared with those in glycine-responsive and manic-depressive
      patients. Only serine-responsive patients had a decreased plasma serine and
      increased plasma taurine concentration, while glycine responsive patients showed
      decreased alanine and manic-depressive patients an increased plasma glycine
      level. Amino acid analyses of plasma samples obtained after serine loading in
      patients and controls suggest that serine-responsive patients had an impaired
      conversion of glycine into serine. The results suggest that the higher plasma
      taurine level in serine-responsive patients is caused by an increased synthesis
      of taurine from homocysteine and serine. The limiting capacity of
      methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase coupled to increased
      formation of taurine may be responsible for the serine-evoked psychotic syndrome.

PMID- 6436486
TI  - Importance of nutritional assessment and support in surgical and cancer patients.
AB  - Malnutrition has been reported to have an impact upon the prognosis of patients
      with cancer as well as those undergoing surgery for other diseases. It is
      important for practicing gynecologists to familiarize themselves with the methods
      of nutritional assessment and of nutritional replacement.

PMID- 6436487
TI  - Antiinflammatory agents. 3. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-amino-3
      benzoylphenylacetic acid and analogues.
AB  - A series of substituted derivatives of 2-amino-3-benzoylphenylacetic acid
      (amfenac) has been synthesized and evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic, and
      cyclooxygenase inhibiting activity. Several derivatives including 157 (4'
      chloro), 158 (4'-bromo), and 182 (5-chloro, 4'-bromo) were more potent than
      indomethacin in these assays.

PMID- 6436488
TI  - Synthesis and biological actions of highly potent and prolonged acting biotin
      labeled melanotropins.
AB  - Biocytin derivatives of a superpotent analogue of alpha-melanotropin, [Nle4,D
      Phe7]-alpha-MSH, were prepared. [N alpha-Bct-Ser1, Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH and [12
      Bct-N alpha-dodecanoyl-Ser1,Nle4,D-Phe 7]- alpha-MSH were synthesized by solid
      phase techniques, and the coupling of biotin and 12-aminododecanoic acid was
      achieved through their succinimido esters. These melanotropins possessed almost
      identical actions to [Nle4,D-Phe 7]- alpha-MSH as determined by several
      melanocyte bioassays. Both biocytin derivatives were highly potent agonists and
      exhibited prolonged biological activity as determined in the frog and lizard skin
      bioassays. Both biotinylated peptides were at least equipotent to alpha-MSH in
      stimulating Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma tyrosinase activity. The analogues were
      resistant to inactivation by alpha-chymotrypsin.

PMID- 6436489
TI  - Potentiation of the tolerogenicity of benzylpenicilloylated eicosa-L-lysine by
      conjugation with 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl 3 beta-cholestanyl succinate.
AB  - It was previously found that amino acid polymers such as oligolysines bearing
      haptenic groups in high densities efficiently suppress anti-hapten IgE antibody
      formation. Such conjugates are strong elicitors of anaphylaxis and therefore may
      not be used for desensitization of drug allergic patients. Here we report on the
      synthesis and immunological evaluation of benzylpenicilloylated (BPO) eicosa-L
      lysines containing none, one, or two lipophilic p-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl cholestan
      3 beta-yl succinate (OSuco) groups. The lipophilic derivatives suppress primary
      as well as ongoing anti-BPO IgE antibody formation in mice much more efficiently
      than their hydrophilic counterpart. The lipophilic but not the hydrophilic
      derivatives form stable micelles in water and suppress the antibody formation
      according to different cellular mechanisms. The relationship between structure,
      hydrophobicity, and mode of action is discussed.

PMID- 6436490
TI  - Favism: looking for an autosomal gene associated with glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - Favism is a severe, acute haemolytic anaemia which occurs in about 20% of G6PD
      deficient subjects after ingestion of fava beans. Since not all G6PD deficient
      subjects are sensitive to fava beans, the possibility has been suggested that
      extra erythrocytic factors may play an important role in the susceptibility to
      haemolytic favism. To test the hypothesis that an autosomal enzyme is involved in
      the pathogenesis of favism, we carried out a beta-glucosidase assay in small
      intestine biopsies from normal subjects and G6PD deficient subjects with or
      without favism. Beta-glucosidase might be involved in the absorption and
      metabolism of fava beans and a quantitative polymorphism could explain the
      different susceptibility to fava beans of G6PD deficient subjects. Our
      observation showed no consistent quantitative polymorphism of beta-glucosidase in
      the subjects examined.

PMID- 6436491
TI  - Killing capacity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in aerobic and anaerobic
      conditions.
AB  - The killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes of several species of bacteria,
      some of which were catalase positive, was examined in vitro in aerobic and
      anaerobic conditions. When all conditions other than the oxygen tension were
      identical, killing after 30 min was slightly greater in aerobic than in anaerobic
      conditions. However, after 60 and 120 min the difference between aerobic and
      anaerobic killing was smaller, and killing was nearly complete for all strains
      tested. These results conflict with the common opinion that oxygen is essential
      for efficient killing. Minor differences in experimental conditions can greatly
      influence results, and may be responsible for the discrepancy between this study
      and some previous studies on this subject.

PMID- 6436492
TI  - Comparison of microscopy, culture and enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme) for the
      detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital specimens.
AB  - Urogenital specimens of male patients and female prostitutes were examined for
      gonorrhoea in a gonococcal antigen enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme), by microscopic
      examination of stained smears and by bacterial culture. Out of 18 male patients,
      14 showed positive reactions (all 14 by Gonozyme and by microscopy, but only
      eight by culture also). The sensitivity and specificity of Gonozyme was 100% in
      reference to microscopy. The predictive value for a positive test and for a
      negative test was 100%. The sensitivity of Gonozyme in reference to culture was
      also 100%, but the specificity was only 40%, because of the low yield of positive
      cultures. The predictive value for a positive test was 57% and for a negative
      test 100%. Out of 189 female prostitutes, 41 (22%) had a positive reaction in at
      least one test (Gonozyme, microscopy and culture were positive in 10; Gonozyme
      and culture in three; Gonozyme and microscopy in 14; Gonozyme alone in 11;
      culture alone in three). The sensitivity of Gonozyme was 100% and specificity 92%
      in reference to microscopy. The predictive value for a positive test was 63% and
      for a negative test 100%. In reference to culture, the sensitivity was 81% and
      specificity 86%. The predictive value for a positive test was 34% and for a
      negative test 98%. In prostitutes, the rate of asymptomatic infections was 14%,
      if one assumed that all Gonozyme-positive results were truly positive. Gonozyme
      proved to be the most sensitive method for screening female patients. To
      discriminate possibly false positive reactions, Gonozyme-positive specimens
      should be corroborated, preferably by bacterial cultivation.

PMID- 6436493
TI  - Host-parasite interactions influencing establishment of gonococcal infection--a
      paradox resolved?
AB  - This study indicates that the gonococcal strains of lipopolysaccharide group (II)
      most frequently isolated from localized infections have a growth advantage over
      strains of group I. Their increased association with neutrophil polymorphs and
      their susceptibility to lysis by normal human serum would seem to act to the
      disadvantage of the bacteria. Our findings taken together with the cytotoxic
      effect of gonococci on neutrophil polymorphs offer an explanation for this
      apparent paradox.

PMID- 6436494
TI  - A calibration material for IgG subclass assay.

PMID- 6436495
TI  - Steroid and high-temperature induction of the small heat-shock protein genes in
      Drosophila.
AB  - Transcription of the four small heat-shock protein genes of Drosophila
      melanogaster can be induced in cultured cells by high-temperature shock, or by
      physiological doses of the moulting hormone, ecdysterone. We have characterized
      and compared the two induction events, focusing on hsp22 and hsp23, in terms of
      rates of heat-shock protein synthesis, transcription rate, messenger RNA
      abundance and mRNA half-life. The results indicate that relative to hsp22, the
      rate of hsp23 synthesis is significantly greater during recovery from heat shock
      and during ecdysterone induction. This difference is not due to differences in
      transcription rate, but rather reflects differences in mRNA stability and
      translational efficiency. One intriguing finding is that hsp message stability is
      temperature-dependent; hsp transcripts are two to three times more stable at 35
      degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The possible mechanism and significance of this
      phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 6436496
TI  - Induction of the yeast alpha-specific STE3 gene by the peptide pheromone a
      factor.
AB  - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits two mating types, a and alpha.
      Efficient mating of a and alpha cells requires the action of peptide pheromones
      secreted by each cell type. For example, a cells secrete a-factor, which alters
      the physiology of alpha cells, thereby preparing those cells for mating. To
      investigate the mechanism by which the pheromones act on the target cells, we
      have examined the effect of a-factor on expression of the STE3 gene, a gene which
      is required for mating by alpha cells and which is expressed only in alpha cells.
      We have monitored STE3 expression by two assays: RNA production from the
      chromosomal STE3 locus and beta-galactosidase activity produced from a plasmid
      borne STE3-lacZ gene fusion. By both assays we show that a-factor induces a rapid
      increase in STE3 expression. Induction of STE3 RNA occurs even if protein
      synthesis is blocked by cycloheximide. Using temperature-sensitive cell division
      cycle mutants, we have also shown that induction occurs in cells arrested at
      several discrete positions in the cell cycle. These results demonstrate (1) that
      induction of STE3 expression by a-factor is a primary response to the pheromone,
      and (2) that alpha cells are capable of responding to a-factor regardless of
      their position in the cell cycle.

PMID- 6436497
TI  - Five SWI genes are required for expression of the HO gene in yeast.
AB  - High-frequency mating type interconversion in yeast requires the HO gene, which
      encodes a site-specific endonuclease that initiates the switching process. We
      have isolated and analyzed switching-defective mutants. These mutants define five
      complementation and linkage groups, SWI 1 to SWI 5. We have shown by two assays,
      Northern hybridization and beta-galactosidase activity in strains containing an
      HO-lacZ fusion, that mutants defective any SWI gene fail to express the HO gene.
      In addition, all of the swi mutants exhibit other phenotypes, the most notable
      being the inviability of double mutants defective in SWI 4 and in either SWI 1,
      SWI 2 or SWI 3. These results indicate that the SWI genes function in some way as
      positive regulators of HO expression and have additional cellular roles.

PMID- 6436498
TI  - Ribose accelerates the repletion of the ATP pool during recovery from reversible
      ischemia of the rat myocardium.
AB  - It is a characteristic feature of the myocardium that the derangement in function
      [6] and the depletion of the ATP pool [1, 2, 9] that occur subsequent to oxygen
      deficiency persist when blood flow is restored. Of renewed interest is the
      inability of the heart to replenish rapidly its adenine nucleotide pool once it
      has been diminished during a brief period of regional ischemia [2, 9]. A
      hypothesis that could explain this metabolic insufficiency of the myocardium is
      that the biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides is very slow in the normal heart and
      is increased only moderately during postischemic recovery [15] so that the
      replenishment of adenine nucleotides is not affected appreciably. To substantiate
      such a hypothesis it is necessary to provide evidence that the restitution of the
      ATP pool can be accelerated by stimulation of this biosynthetic process. In
      previous studies ribose has been recognized as a substrate that enhances markedly
      adenine nucleotide biosynthesis in the rat heart [11, 12]. We now demonstrate
      that continuous i.v. infusion of ribose during recovery from a 15-min period of
      myocardial ischemia in rats leads to restoration of the cardiac ATP pool within
      12 h, whereas 72 h are needed for ATP normalization without any intervention.

PMID- 6436499
TI  - Aflatoxin and dimethyl sulfoxide influence on radiomanganese distribution and
      retention in neonate mice.
AB  - The LD50 (7 d) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in CD-1 neonate mice (3.1 g; 5 d of age)
      was determined to be 13.3 mg/kg. The vehicle was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), given
      intraperitoneally, at 0.01 ml/animal (7 mg/kg). The solvent was nontoxic and
      caused no significant change in body weight in animals during an 11-d
      experimental period (17 d of age). Aflatoxin B1 at 5.0 mg/kg and above caused
      reduced body weight gain. DMSO animals had a mean loss of more than 17% of the
      radiolabel over a 9-d period. Aflatoxin treatments reversed the DMSO loss of 54Mn
      in a concentration-related fashion, and generally, AFB1 caused a conservation of
      the radioisotope. The radiolabel was redistributed into the following
      organs/tissues: liver greater than brain greater than bone greater than muscle =
      lungs greater than blood. Aflatoxin-treated animals showed a twofold increase of
      radiolabel in the liver as compared to controls. The DMSO itself failed to
      influence 54Mn influx into the liver. In general, control neonate mice, by 17 d
      of age, were retaining and redistributing the 54MnCl2 and had not reached the
      time for sudden emergence of excretion common in rodents. DMSO was found not to
      be the most satisfactory solvent to use in the administration of aflatoxins,
      especially when manganese metabolism is being studied. Generally, both DMSO and
      AFB1 influenced radiomanganese distribution, DMSO having a substantial influence.

PMID- 6436500
TI  - Effects of chronic exposure to aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 on the in vivo
      covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 to hepatic macromolecules.
AB  - Induction of resistance to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding to cellular macromolecules
      in the rat by chronic exposure to AFB1 and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was investigated.
      The binding of [14C]AFB1 to liver macromolecules was measured in F-344 rats fed
      0.5 ppb or 50 ppb AFM1 or 50 ppb AFB1 for 41 wk. The animals then received an
      intragastric dose of [14C]AFB1 at 5 micrograms/kg and were sacrificed 6 h later.
      Hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein were isolated by chloroform-phenol extraction and
      hydroxylapatite chromatography. In animals preexposed to 50 ppb AFB1, labeled
      AFB1 binding to DNA, RNA, and protein was decreased by 72%, 74%, and 61%,
      respectively. Preexposure to AFM1 resulted in a small reduction in binding to
      nucleic acids. Glutathione transferase activity was increased by 133% in animals
      fed 50 ppb AFB1, by 48% in those preexposed to 50 ppb AFM1, and remained at
      control values in rats fed 0.5 ppb AFM1. These results suggest that the induction
      of detoxification enzymes following chronic exposure to aflatoxin might
      contribute to the reduction in covalent binding of AFB1 to macromolecules.

PMID- 6436501
TI  - Identification of aflatoxin B1 in grain elevator dusts in central Illinois.
AB  - Bulk dust samples obtained from grain elevators in the central Illinois area were
      analyzed for aflatoxin (AFT) content using instrumental two-dimensional high
      performance thin-layer chromatography (HP-TLC). AFT B1 levels ranged from
      nondetectable up to 3.5 ppb. This is the first report of AFT occurring in dust in
      northern grain mills. Long-term exposures of workers to AFT contaminated dust via
      the respiratory route could pose some hazard.

PMID- 6436502
TI  - Effect of dose on the inhibition of carcinogenesis/mutagenesis by Aroclor 1254 in
      rainbow trout fed aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Prior studies have shown that Aroclor 1254 (PCB) differentially alters the
      incidence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatocellular carcinomas in trout,
      depending upon the time of PCB administration relative to AFB1 exposure (Shelton
      et al., 1983). When fed simultaneously with AFB1, PCB inhibits carcinoma
      incidence. We investigated the effect of AFB1 and PCB dose on this inhibition.
      Duplicate tanks of 100 rainbow trout were fed AFB1 at concentrations of 1, 4, or
      8 ppb, either with or without the addition of 50 ppm PCB. Other groups were fed 4
      ppb AFB1 + 5 ppm PCB, 50 ppm PCB alone, or control diet alone. After 9 and 12 mo,
      40 and 60 fish per tank, respectively, were sampled to determine the incidence of
      liver tumors. The results show a parallel inhibition of the AFB1-tumor dose
      response curve by the presence of 50 ppm PCB. Fish fed 4 ppb AFB1 + 5 ppm PCB
      showed slight inhibition in response when compared with 4ppb AFB1 alone. Also,
      livers from fish fed 50 ppm PCB were used to prepare S20 for use in the
      Salmonella mutagenesis assay. These livers were less efficient in converting AFB1
      to a mutagen, when compared to control S20. The AFB1-mutagenesis dose-response
      curve was again shifted parallel to the right of the curve generated using
      control S20. These results suggest that the inhibitory action is at least partly
      at the level of carcinogen activation. The finding of parallel, as opposed to
      proportional, inhibition with varying carcinogen exposure for certain classes of
      inhibitors may have important implications for inhibition of environmental
      carcinogenesis at low levels of carcinogen exposure.

PMID- 6436503
TI  - Influence of diet and other factors on the levels of organochlorine compounds in
      human adipose tissue in Finland.
AB  - One hundred and five human adipose tissue samples were recovered during surgical
      operations or postmorten examinations of patients experiencing death due to
      traumatic injury. The sample donors were between the ages of 2 mo and 91 yr.
      Samples were analyzed by GLC-MS techniques for polychlorobiophenyl (PCB) and
      dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) compounds, chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene,
      and chlorinated phenols. Special attention was paid to the concentration of
      hepatchlor epoxide, a metabolite of heptachlor, commonly used as an insecticide
      in the Finnish plywood industry. The mean concentrations of PCB, DTTs, HCB, and
      chlordanes were 0.26, 0.33, 0.02, and 0.007 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively,
      while the mean concentration of heptachlor epoxide was 2.3 micrograms/kg. The
      geometric means were 0.20, 0.28, 0.018, 0.0055, and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively.
      The concentrations of PCB and DDT compounds in Finnish human adipose tissue has
      rapidly decreased during the last 10 yr. The average concentrations were higher
      in south Finland than those in north Finland, and the results clearly indicate
      the prominent influence of fish meals and the age of sample donors on the
      pollutant concentrations in adipose tissue. The results were further analyzed and
      discussed with respect to sex, smoking habits, and number of childbirths of the
      sample donors.

PMID- 6436504
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diflubenzuron in two types of chickens.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of [14C]diflubenzuron, N-([(4-chlorophenyl) amino]
      carbonyl)-2,6-difluorobenzamide, in White Leghorn (WL) egg-production chickens
      and Rhode Island Red/Barred Plymouth Rock (RIR/BPR) meat-production chickens
      after single 1-mg/kg intravenous and single 5-mg/kg oral doses were investigated
      to explain a breed-related egg residue-level difference (higher in WL chickens)
      after daily oral administration. Analysis of [14C]diflubenzuron concentration in
      blood versus time indicated similar two-compartment models for each bird type.
      [14C]Diflubenzuron elimination half-lives from the blood of WL and RIR/BPR
      chickens were 14.7 and 8.4 h, respectively. Absorption of [14C]diflubenzuron
      after a single 5-mg/kg oral dose was both faster and more complete in RIR/BPR
      chickens. Absorption rate constants were 0.046 h-1 and 0.192 h-1 for WL and
      RIR/BPR hens, respectively. It is concluded that the breed-related egg residue
      difference was due to a larger peripheral compartment volume in RIR/BPR hens.

PMID- 6436505
TI  - Neutralization of croatalidae venom induced platelet aggregation by affinity
      chromatography isolated IgG to Crotalus viridis helleri venom.
AB  - IgG was isolated from commercial antivenin by affinity chromatography using
      Crotalus viridis helleri venom as an affinant. This purified IgG was demonstrated
      to be more effective than the commercial antivenin in preventing platelet
      aggregation induced by four separate crotalid venoms in vitro. Affinity
      chromatography appears to be an effective means for specific, polyvalent IgG
      isolation and purification.

PMID- 6436506
TI  - Prevention of neonatal tetanus in India: a prospective cost-effectiveness
      analysis.

PMID- 6436507
TI  - Gastro-intestinal motor disturbances induced by lysine-acetylsalicylate treatment
      in sheep.
AB  - The effects of intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administration
      of lysine-acetylsalicylate (Lys-ASA) on gastro-intestinal motility were
      investigated in sheep using electromyography. A dose of 20 mg/kg Lys-ASA
      intravenously reduced the frequency of reticular contractions for 86 +/- 18 min,
      produced abomasal hypomotility and caused a disruption of the cyclical pattern of
      intestinal motility for at least 120 min. The frequency of reticular contractions
      measured from 20 to 30 min after Lys-ASA administration was negatively correlated
      (r = 0.97; P less than 0.01) to the log of the dose used for doses varying from
      10 to 40 mg/kg. Similar effects were observed with intramuscular and oral dose
      rates of 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively. Previous i.v. administration of
      phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg) or tolazoline (2 mg/kg) abolished the effects of Lys-ASA
      (20 mg/kg) administered intravenously on both reticular contractions and abomaso
      intestinal motility. It was concluded that Lys-ASA administered at therapeutic
      doses in sheep produced gastro-intestinal motor disturbances and that alpha- and
      alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists are able to block them.

PMID- 6436508
TI  - Effect of aphidicolin on vaccinia virus: isolation of an aphidicolin-resistant
      mutant.
AB  - Vaccinia virus growth in BSC-1 and HeLa cells was inhibited by aphidicolin
      concentrations of 20 microM or more. Virus yield, which decreased only when the
      drug was added early in infection, was reduced several 100-fold by 80 microM
      aphidicolin. Viral inhibition was reversed by the suspension of the infected
      cells in drug-free medium. DNA synthesis in uninfected cells was reduced about 10
      fold by 1 microM aphidicolin. In infected cells, aphidicolin concentrations over
      10 microM were needed to reduce DNA synthesis to the same extent as in uninfected
      cells. Fractionation of infected cells which were incubated with 1 microM drug
      showed that cytoplasmic viral DNA synthesis was resistant to this aphidicolin
      concentration. The radioactivity associated with crude nuclei from these cells
      was estimated to be from vaccinia DNA synthesis. Spontaneous virus mutants which
      were resistant to 80 microM aphidicolin did not appear. However, after
      mutagenesis, mutants were generated which formed large plaques in medium with 80
      microM drug. In cells with replicating aphidicolin-resistant virus, DNA synthesis
      was about four times more resistant to 80 microM aphidicolin than in cells with
      replicating wild-type virus. Chromatographic patterns of viral DNA polymerase
      isolated from cells with wild-type or resistant virus were similar. However, in
      an in vitro assay, 50% inhibition of enzyme activity was obtained with ca. 75 and
      188 microM aphidicolin for the wild-type and resistant DNA polymerases,
      respectively. Viral enzymes were much more resistant to the drug than were the
      cell polymerases.

PMID- 6436509
TI  - Anatomical localization and some pharmacological effects of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide in human and monkey corpus cavernosum.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is hypothesized to be a nonadrenergic,
      noncholinergic neurotransmitter important in the physiology of penile erection.
      To further explore this concept, anatomical localization of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide, in vitro muscle bath studies and in vivo injection experiments were
      undertaken in the monkey and man. Using immunohistochemical techniques vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide was localized at the light microscopic level to nerves
      within the monkey and human penis. Ultrastructurally, a modified peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique was used to identify large vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide-positive vesicles within peptidergic and cholinergic varicosities. In
      the in vitro muscle bath, the addition of 10(-7) M vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide did not alter the baseline tension of strips of monkey and human
      corpus cavernosum. During contraction produced by norepinephrine stimulation,
      however, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (10(-7) M) caused relaxation of the
      monkey (41 +/- 18 per cent, no. = 8) and human (23 +/- 8 per cent, no. = 5)
      corpus cavernosum. Intracorporal injection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (0.75 X 10(-9) to 3.75 X 10(-9) moles/kg.) had no effect on the monkey penis.
      Administration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1.25 X 10(-9) to 2.5 X 10(
      9) moles/kg.) into the internal iliac artery of the monkey, while having no
      effect on the flaccid penis, caused detumescence of the erect penis obtained by
      cavernous nerve stimulation (2-5 V, 40 Hz, 2 msec.). Although vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide can be found within the nerves of the penis, its apparent
      in vitro and in vivo effects raise further questions concerning the role of this
      peptide in penile erection.

PMID- 6436510
TI  - Cisplatin and full dose irradiation for patients with invasive bladder carcinoma:
      a preliminary report of tolerance and local response.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with invasive bladder carcinoma (clinical stages T2 to T4)
      who were not candidates for cystectomy were treated by transurethral resection,
      cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) and full dose radiotherapy according to
      protocol 8 of the National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A. Nausea and
      vomiting occurred in 74 per cent of the patients but were mild in 41 per cent.
      Maximum followup was 27 months and during that time 3 significant toxic reactions
      occurred: renal failure, systemic sepsis and a transient partial small bowel
      obstruction. Of 17 evaluable patients complete responses of the primary bladder
      cancer to the treatment were achieved in 11 of 13 with stages cT2 and cT3 cancer
      and in 2 of 4 with stage cT4 disease. The members of National Bladder Cancer
      Collaborative Group A have found transurethral resection, cisplatin and full dose
      external beam radiotherapy practical clinically. Longer followup will be
      necessary to determine if the observed high initial complete response rate of the
      tumor indicates real lasting benefit for these patients.

PMID- 6436511
TI  - External beam radiation salvage for residual or recurrent local tumor following
      radical prostatectomy.
AB  - External beam radiation therapy was used as a means of salvage in 32 patients
      with either incomplete excision or palpable local recurrence following radical
      prostatectomy. Patients were divided into 2 groups consisting of 13 patients who
      were referred within 4 months of incomplete excision (group 1) and 19 who were
      referred only after palpable local recurrence had developed (group 2). The 5 and
      10-year actuarial survival free of disease in group 1 was 57 per cent, compared
      to 40 and 20 per cent for group 2 (p equals 0.05). Fourteen patients with an
      elevated pre-radiation therapy serum acid phosphatase level and/or bladder
      invasion had an especially poor prognosis, with a median survival free of disease
      of only 2.4 years. Ten complications were recorded in 5 patients (16 per cent),
      which were slightly higher than experienced in irradiated patients without a
      previous radical operation. The data support the contention that external beam
      radiation therapy may offer a means of post-radical prostatectomy salvage for
      selected patients with incomplete excision or palpable local recurrence. The best
      results were obtained in patients who were referred within 4 months of
      prostatectomy because of incomplete excision rather than waiting for palpable
      local recurrence to develop.

PMID- 6436512
TI  - Neurofibroma involving the penis in a child.
AB  - We report an unusual case of penile neurofibroma. These tumors of perineural and
      Schwann's cell origin can occur anywhere but have been reported to arise from the
      penis only 1 time previously.

PMID- 6436513
TI  - Radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate: a contributing cause of urinary
      incontinence.
AB  - We believe that radiation therapy as a postoperative adjuvant or preceding
      salvage prostatectomy for carcinoma is particularly conducive to the complication
      of urinary incontinence by virtue of its sclerosing effect on residual sphincter
      mechanisms. Obviously, such dual therapy will continue to prevail in the
      foreseeable future but patients should be notified of the added risk and be
      prepared for further treatment of the incontinence. Unfortunately, these patients
      have an extra risk of complications and failure from anti-incontinence
      operations.

PMID- 6436514
TI  - Bacteriologic and surgical determinants of survival in patients with mycotic
      aneurysms.
AB  - Mycotic aneurysms are a fulminant infectious process frequently resulting in
      rupture and death if not properly treated. A review of the University of
      California, Los Angeles, medical records identified 10 patients with
      extrathoracic, extracranial mycotic aneurysms. In addition, a search of the
      English literature revealed 178 patients with 243 mycotic aneurysms. These
      patients were reviewed to identify the aneurysm location, etiology, bacteriology,
      and modality of treatment in order to determine the relationship between these
      factors and the outcome. The femoral artery was the most common site (38%),
      followed by the abdominal aorta (31%). Arterial trauma was the primary etiology
      in 42% of mycotic aneurysms. In 25% no clear source of infection could be
      identified. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from 28% of mycotic aneurysms, and
      Salmonella from 15%. A trend toward the involvement of more gram-negative aerobes
      and anaerobes is noted. Aortic aneurysms were repaired with in situ Dacron in 61%
      of patients with a 32% mortality rate and 16% reinfection rate. Simple ligation
      of femoral artery mycotic aneurysms resulted in a 34% incidence of ischemia
      necessitating amputation. Methods of treatment of superior mesenteric, carotid,
      iliac, and peripheral arteries are also analyzed. On the basis of these data,
      specific surgical procedures are recommended for the treatment of mycotic
      aneurysms.

PMID- 6436515
TI  - The relevance of arterial wall microbiology to the treatment of prosthetic graft
      infections: graft infection vs. arterial infection.
AB  - One potential, but poorly studied source for intraoperative contamination of
      vascular grafts is the native artery to which the prosthetic graft is attached.
      The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between arterial wall
      microbiology and graft infection. Between July 1, 1981, and March 31, 1982,
      arterial specimens were cultured from 88 (30%) of 298 patients undergoing clean,
      elective arterial reconstructive procedures. Control cultures were obtained from
      adjacent adipose or lymph node tissue. Positive cultures were obtained from 38 of
      88 (43%) of the arterial walls cultured but from none of the control cultures (0
      of 20) (p less than 0.001). The most common organism cultured was Staphylococcus
      epidermidis (27 of 38; 71%). Our overall graft infection rate since January 1,
      1981, is 0.9% (3 of 335). All three graft infections occurred in patients with
      positive arterial cultures. Arterial and graft cultures were also obtained from
      20 patients treated for 22 graft infections over the past 13 years. Organisms
      recovered included staphylococcal species (36%), enteric organisms (46%), and
      mixtures of the two (18%). These patients with culture-positive graft infections
      were divided retrospectively into two groups: those with positive and those with
      negative arterial cultures. Positive arterial cultures were associated with
      suture line disruption in 8 of 14 cases (57%), but there were no arterial
      disruptions in patients with negative cultures (0 of 8) (p less than 0.01). These
      data document a significant correlation between positive arterial wall cultures
      and subsequent prosthetic infection and also suggest that infection involving the
      arterial wall is a major determinant of the morbidity and mortality associated
      with the treatment of prosthetic graft sepsis.

PMID- 6436516
TI  - Human adult endothelial cell growth in culture.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to culture human adult endothelial cells
      (HAECs) on a long-term basis in the laboratory. Previous inability to accomplish
      this has been the major impediment to the in vitro study of endothelialization of
      prosthetic grafts with human cells, a problem of significant clinical relevance.
      We have been successful in developing a technique that allows HAECs from human
      adult arteries, veins, and capillaries to proliferate vigorously in culture for
      up to 80 population doublings. HAECs are grown on a gelatin surface (medium 199
      containing 20% fetal calf serum). Heparin and endothelial cell growth factor
      (ECGF) are required for optimal growth. With this technique, which will be
      described in detail, over 10(23) HAECs can be produced from each 1 cm2 of
      vascular tissue. This makes large numbers of HAECs available for high-density
      seeding on prosthetic grafts prior to implantation. It also permits for the first
      time with human cells the in vitro study of prosthetic grafts--HAEC interactions
      and the factors that enhance optimal growth and adherence to prosthetic
      materials. It is hoped that identification of the factors promoting graft
      endothelialization in combination with high-density seeding will lower graft
      thrombogenicity and therefore result in greater graft longevity than has been
      possible heretofore.

PMID- 6436517
TI  - Radioisotope-labeled platelet studies and infection of vascular grafts.

PMID- 6436518
TI  - Experimental infection of captive axis deer with Brucella abortus.
AB  - Four captive-raised axis deer, Axis axis (Erxleben), which were negative
      serologically to Brucella were inoculated with 1 X 10(8) virulent Brucella
      abortus biotype 1 organisms (Texas #221 isolate) administered bilaterally into
      the conjunctival sac. Sera collected from each deer prior to inoculation and 30
      days post-inoculation (PI) were examined for Brucella antibodies by the buffered
      Brucella antigen (card), the rivanol precipitation, the standard tube
      agglutination, and the cold complement fixation tube serologic tests. All four
      axis deer converted serologically as determined by all tests at 30 days PI.
      Brucella abortus biotype 1 was isolated from 26 of 32 tissue samples collected at
      necropsy and also from milk from the lactating female.

PMID- 6436519
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in persons with
      hemophilia.

PMID- 6436520
TI  - Use of 'single donor' factor VIII from plasma exchange donation.
AB  - We investigated the advantages of using "single donor" factor VIII derived from a
      new cyclic apheresis donation (plasma exchange donation) to treat hemophiliac
      children. By selecting donors with high factor VIII levels and using thaw-siphon
      isolation of cryoprecipitate, we achieved a mean yield of 1,360 units of factor
      VIII per weekly donation. The half-life, posttransfusion increments, and clinical
      efficacy of factor VIII in this material are comparable with those of factor VIII
      from other sources. A single donor has provided total support for seven months
      for one patient with severe hemophilia, and another for 24 months for a patient
      with mild hemophilia. Other patients have been supported through major surgery or
      CNS hemorrhage by a single donor. This approach to factor VIII replacement is
      hemostatically effective and can substantially decrease donor exposure for both
      major and minor bleeding episodes. The reduction in donor exposure should result
      in a reduced risk of acquiring hepatitis and perhaps the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome in patients with hemophilia A.

PMID- 6436521
TI  - Cryoprecipitate: all in the family?

PMID- 6436522
TI  - Should donor blood be screened for elevated alanine aminotransferase levels? A
      cost-effectiveness analysis.
AB  - We examined the cost-effectiveness of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening of
      donor blood to prevent non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. Based on estimated
      costs of ALT screening, blood replacement, and medical evaluation of donors with
      high ALT levels, we concluded that screening at an ALT level of 45 IU would cost
      $3.82 per unit. In a population requiring an average of 3.7 units per
      transfusion, one case of hepatitis would be prevented for every 115 units
      screened, resulting in a cost of $439 per case prevented. With an estimated
      direct medical cost of $1,181 per case of non-A, non-B hepatitis, expected net
      savings for each case prevented would be $742. Screening at other ALT thresholds
      would be less cost-saving. Sensitivity analyses indicate that screening would be
      cost-saving for a wide range of cost estimates and number of units per
      transfusion. Alanine aminotransferase screening is warranted until more sensitive
      and specific screening tests for transmissibility of non-A, non-B hepatitis
      become available.

PMID- 6436523
TI  - Energy and mineral utilization from a peptide-based elemental diet and a
      polymeric enteral diet given to ileostomists in the early postoperative course.
AB  - Small intestinal absorption was studied in 12 patients receiving enteral
      nutrition in the immediate postoperative period after colorectal surgery
      including construction of an ileostomy. Seven patients were given a peptide
      based, low osmolality elementary diet and five patients were given a polymeric
      diet. Comparisons between the intake and ileal excretion showed on both diets a
      high utilization of energy, fat, and nitrogen as well as of calcium, phosphorus,
      magnesium, zinc, and iron. From a nutritional point of view a polymeric diet
      could thus replace an elementary diet in the immediate postoperative course.

PMID- 6436524
TI  - Specialized nutrition support: patterns of care.
AB  - A prospectively studied series of 1072 patients who received specialized
      nutritional support are presented to evaluate the patterns of such care in a
      large nonuniversity teaching center. Age, service, materials used, routes of
      administration, complications, assessment parameters, duration of treatment,
      diagnoses, and survival statistics are presented. Such patterns are considered to
      be of importance to medical scientists, basic researchers, hospital
      administrators, governmental agencies, and members of the health care insurance
      industry.

PMID- 6436525
TI  - Transferrin--a poor measure of nutritional status.
AB  - The present study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the serum
      transferrin concentration as a measure of the nutritional state. Serum
      transferrin was derived from total iron-binding capacity measurements in 74
      patients on 114 occasions and correlated with body composition as measured by
      multiple isotope dilution. Highly significant correlations (p less than 0.001)
      existed between serum transferrin and both the body cell mass and the nutritional
      state as measured by the Nae/Ke ratio. However, the 95% confidence limits about
      both regressions were wide. The false-positive rate was 60% while the false
      negative rate was 31%. Body composition and transferrin were measured before and
      after 2 wk of total parenteral nutrition in 34 malnourished patients. Eighteen
      patients restored body cell mass toward normal after 2 wk of total parenteral
      nutrition while in 16 patients the body cell mass continued to decrease in size,
      despite 2 wk of total parenteral nutrition. The changes in serum transferrin were
      not significant over this period of time in either group, despite significant
      changes in the nutritional state in both groups. The presence of a statistically
      significant relationship between the serum transferrin concentration and the
      nutritional state indicates that the serum transferrin concentration accurately
      reflects a population's nutritional status, and is therefore useful in
      epidemiologic surveys. However, because of the large variance of the data, as
      demonstrated by the wide 95% confidence limits, and because of the poor
      sensitivity and specificity, in an individual patient it is of little value as a
      measure of the nutritional status.

PMID- 6436526
TI  - Quantification of lipoprotein X and its relationship to plasma lipid profile
      during different types of parenteral nutrition.
AB  - An abnormal lipoprotein (LP), detected in plasma during total parenteral
      nutrition, has been shown to be similar to LPX observed in cholestasis and in
      familial lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT) deficiency. However, the
      conditions which facilitate the appearance of LPX during total parenteral
      nutrition are unclear; potential determining factors could be lipid input, plasma
      lipid levels, and/or inhibition of LCAT activity. An investigation was conducted
      on 12 patients receiving total parenteral nutrition for 3 wk by simultaneously
      evaluating plasma LPX (via a quantitative method) as well as total cholesterol,
      phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B, and LCAT activity.
      Daily total nonprotein calories (40 kcal/kg body weight) and nitrogen input (250
      mg/kg body weight) were fixed in this study. Three 7-day periods were defined:
      during periods 1 and 3, lipid emulsion (10 or 20% Intralipid) and glucose were
      given as nonprotein calories (glucose-lipid periods); in period 2, glucose was
      administered alone as the sole source of nonprotein energy (glucose period) so
      that the total energy input was not modified. During periods 1 and 3, the
      patients were randomly assigned to receive either 9 g (period 1) and 12 g (period
      3) of PL/day for 7 days, or 12 and 9 g of PL/day. By infusing either 10 or 20%
      Intralipid, TG input was varied concomitantly so that the subjects received 75,
      100, or 150 g/day in periods 1 and 3. During the glucose-lipid periods, plasma
      LPX was measurable from the 2nd day and increased progressively. Its increment
      was closely related to a rise in unesterified cholesterol and PL (r = 0.7; p less
      than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436527
TI  - Serum amino acid concentrations in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition
      with an amino acid plus dextrose mixture.
AB  - The results of monitoring the serum amino acid concentrations during three
      infusion regimens using a 5:4 mixture of 70% glucose and the synthetic L-amino
      acid solution, Synthamin 17 (Travasol) are reported. Twelve stabilized patients
      received continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN), eight of whom were
      subsequently placed on a second regimen of cyclical feeding. A separate group of
      five patients was infused with amino acids, both with and without simultaneous
      glucose. The serum amino acid concentrations indicated that the supply of valine,
      leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine, and the synthesis of taurine from the
      infused methionine was suboptimal, particularly if the period of TPN was
      prolonged. The synthesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine appeared to be inversely
      proportional to the infusion rate of the TPN mixture, in particular the glucose
      component, resulting in depressed tyrosine and increased phenylalanine
      concentrations in serum during continuous iv nutrition. Cyclical infusions, on
      the other hand, permitted the tyrosine and phenylalanine concentrations to return
      to normal during the noninfusion stage of the cycle. Amino acid measurements
      enabled us to design an amino acids additive mixture which normalized the serum
      concentrations in three long-term home parenteral nutrition patients. As a result
      of these investigations serum amino acid measurements are used routinely to
      monitor the efficacy of TPN and accommodate any specific amino acid requirements
      of individual patients.

PMID- 6436528
TI  - Suboptimal selenium status in home parenteral nutrition patients with small bowel
      resections.
AB  - The selenium status of 13 adult home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients was
      evaluated using 12 healthy adult volunteers as controls. Patients had been
      maintained on HPN for a mean of 36 months and averaged 121 cm of residual small
      bowel. Prospective diet surveys in patients indicated a mean oral caloric intake
      of 902 kcal/day. The mean plasma selenium concentrations (microgram/g) were 0.044
      in patients and 0.117 in controls (p less than 0.01). The erythrocyte glutathione
      peroxidase activities, as mumol of NADPH oxidized/g hemoglobin/min, averaged
      11.01 in patients and 31.76 in controls (p less than 0.01). Four patients
      exhibited myalgic symptomatology suggestive of clinical selenium deficiency. No
      correlations could be ascertained between plasma selenium levels and glutathione
      peroxidase activities in either patients or controls. Additionally, in the
      patient group, no significant correlations could be ascertained between selenium
      status and oral caloric intake, residual small bowel length, symptomatology
      suggestive of deficiency or HPN duration. However, since sample size was not
      large, lack of correlations might best be considered suggestive not conclusive.
      The data indicate that HPN patients with small bowel resections exhibit
      suboptimal selenium status and may be at risk of developing clinically evident
      selenium deficiency. HPN patients should be prophylactically supplemented with
      selenium regardless of oral intake, duration of HPN, or residual length of
      resected small bowel.

PMID- 6436529
TI  - Renal and electrolyte effects of total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Effects of short-term (4-14 days) total parenteral nutrition on renal handling of
      water and electrolytes were studied retrospectively in 24 patients and
      prospectively in eight patients. There was 33% incidence of hyponatremia and
      significant reductions in serum creatinine (from 1.03 +/- 0.06 to 0.88 +/- 0.06
      mg/dl, p less than 0.001), phosphorus (from 3.2 +/- 0.14 to 2.5 +/- 0.17 mg/dl, p
      less than 0.005) and uric acid (from 6.09 +/- 0.38 to 3.66 +/- 0.24 mg/dl, p less
      than 0.001) were observed. Hypouricemia correlated with increased fractional
      excretion of urate (r = 0.81, p less than 0.05). Hypophosphatemia was associated
      with increased tubular reabsorption of phosphate. Clearance studies in eight
      patients showed high urine flow rate (1.7 +/- 0.2 ml/min), osmolar clearance (3.2
      +/- 0.7 ml/min), urinary nonelectrolyte, nonurea solute excretion (0.23 +/- 0.14
      mmol/min), and negative free water clearance (TcH2O = 1.5 +/- 0.6 ml/min). These
      data suggest presence of compartmental shifts, expanded extracellular fluid
      volume, and possible direct effects on renal tubular transport functions during
      total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6436530
TI  - Human plasma lipoproteins and total parenteral nutrition with intravenous fat
      emulsion.
AB  - Lipoprotein concentration and composition before and after Intralipid infusion
      were investigated in seven adult surgical patients receiving continuous total
      parenteral nutrition. Plasma samples were obtained prior to parenteral
      alimentation, after 7 days of glucose/amino acid solution without Intralipid, and
      again following 5 days of daily Intralipid. Cholesterol, triglyceride, protein,
      and phospholipid concentrations were determined on very low-, low-, and high
      density lipoprotein from each specimen. After Intralipid very low-density
      lipoprotein concentration fell to 29% (p less than 0.015) of pre-Intralipid
      levels. There was no substantial increase in low-density lipoprotein phospholipid
      post-Intralipid to suggest the presence of lipoprotein-X. Plasma total
      triglyceride levels declined by 33% after Intralipid (p less than 0.01) and
      plasma total cholesterol levels rose by 40% (p less than 0.02). In our patients,
      in whom metabolic mechanisms were not saturated, it would appear that Intralipid
      was metabolized by activated lipoprotein lipase pathways, without the appearance
      of hyperlipidemia or abnormal lipoproteins.

PMID- 6436531
TI  - Mechanical complications from insertion of subclavian venous feeding catheters:
      comparison of de novo percutaneous venipuncture to change of catheter over
      guidewire.
AB  - Since a percutaneous catheter insertion into the subclavian vein can be tedious,
      time consuming, and risky, we have compared the morbidity of 137 de novo
      subclavian catheter insertions to that of 93 reinsertions over guidewire.
      Mechanical complications were significantly higher (p less than 0.03) in those
      with catheter insertions (8.8%) than in those with the guidewire insertions
      (2.2%). These included pneumothorax (4), arterial puncture (4), catheter-size
      bleed (3), and hemothorax (1) in the catheter insertion group and local bleeding
      (1) and hydrothorax (1) in the guidewire insertion group. The difference in
      complications between methods is probably inherent in the techniques. Operator
      experience was not a factor: 55% of the physicians in each group had previously
      done less than 26 subclavian venous catheterizations. Preliminary analysis
      indicates that the infection rate, as determined by semiquantitative, cultures,
      is the same in each group. When considering the equal potential for infection, we
      conclude that change over a guidewire is an acceptable alternative to
      contralateral de novo percutaneous subclavian venipuncture for feeding catheter
      insertion. In view of fewer mechanical complications and greater ease of
      insertion, change of subclavian feeding catheters by guidewire is probably the
      method of choice.

PMID- 6436532
TI  - Cholelithiasis in infants: association with parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Reported herein are two cholelithiasis-afflicted infants with a common inability
      to tolerate enteral feeding necessitating parenteral nutrition. One of the
      infants received parenteral nutrition for 5 months because of intestinal
      dysfunction and enterocolitis secondary to extensive aganglionosis, while the
      second child was premature and placed on parenteral nutrition because of bowel
      dysfunction after surgery to repair high jejunal atresia and a right
      diaphragmatic hernia. The relationship between parenteral nutrition and
      cholelithiasis is discussed.

PMID- 6436533
TI  - A new method for long-term intravenous alimentation in unrestrained rats.
AB  - Existing equipment for long-term iv alimentation in small laboratory animals is
      somewhat cumbersome and quite costly. Although a one-time expense, the cost of
      this equipment may not be economically viable for many researchers. Herein we
      present a novel method for long-term iv alimentation in unrestrained rats that is
      practical, inexpensive, and easily assembled from readily available materials.
      This new "proxy" set was tested and compared with the standard swivel assembly
      set. Statistical analysis showed no difference in measured parameters in rats
      infused by either method. However, the cost of the new set (excluding pump) was
      almost 90 times less than its commercially available counterpart. This self
      constructed approach should bring small animal research within the economic means
      of most investigators.

PMID- 6436534
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition: a hospital-based program with commercial logistic
      support.
AB  - Since home parenteral nutrition was introduced in the 1970's, a number of medical
      centers have formed successful home parenteral nutrition programs which have
      reduced expenses to the patient and third party payers by 50 to 73% over in
      hospital costs. However, the cost of maintaining these programs for training and
      follow-up has largely been absorbed by the hospital as a nonreimbursable teaching
      expense. To offset the costs of our growing program in these times of budget
      "caps," we have established an agreement between our hospital and commercial home
      care company which provides for patient instruction and follow-up by the hospital
      parenteral and enteral nutrition team and logistic support by the home care
      company. We used the average cost of our first five patients to establish a fee
      schedule which the commercial company agreed to pay the hospital parenteral and
      enteral nutrition team for its services. This agreement reduces the number of
      nurses and pharmacists that the commercial company would otherwise have to hire
      for teaching and follow-up of home care patients, and supports the concept of
      regional care in medical centers where parenteral and enteral nutrition teams
      maintain quality control, continuity of care, and efficient teaching programs for
      patients requiring home parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6436535
TI  - Effect of supplemental L-Carnitine on lipid utilization and nitrogen retention in
      parenterally fed piglets.

PMID- 6436536
TI  - Experience with 3-liter bags for total parenteral nutrition delivery.

PMID- 6436537
TI  - Use of intercostal and azygos vein for central hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6436538
TI  - DRGs and the great compromise.

PMID- 6436539
TI  - Nutritional support: can it be the Achilles heel of the DRGs?

PMID- 6436540
TI  - Therapeutic evaluation of pipemidic acid (R-Urexin) in urinary tract infection. A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 6436541
TI  - Study of anti diabetic effect of a compound medicinal plant prescription in
      normal and diabetic rabbits.

PMID- 6436542
TI  - Saline load test.

PMID- 6436543
TI  - Foetal and maternal survey.

PMID- 6436544
TI  - The final M.B.B.S. (certifying) examination.

PMID- 6436545
TI  - Leprosy control in Sind.

PMID- 6436546
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141, IV. Its acute toxicity in
      beagle dogs].
AB  - The acute toxicity of MT-141 was studied in adult Beagle dogs with intravenous
      (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration to obtain following results. MT-141
      at the doses ranging from 2,500 to 7,500 mg/kg i.v. caused no effect on life,
      bodyweight, food intake, eyeground and ECG in male and female Beagle dogs. MT-141
      produced an increase in water intake, urine volume, WBC and LAP and a decrease in
      Lymph., U-Na, U-K and OP, but any histopathological change was not caused in the
      organs and tissues. It is suggested that these changes in blood, serum and urine
      are due to mechanical and transient effects induced by infusing a large volume of
      hypertonic solution of MT-141 into cephalic vein. When 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg of MT
      141 was injected into the muscles of hind legs, the hind legs had difficulty in
      walking. It is very probable that this change was due to mechanical effects
      induced by injecting a hypertonic solution of MT-141 at a rate of 70--130 ml/dog.
      An injection of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg i.m. of MT-141 changed activity of GPT, GOT
      and CPK in the serum within the limit of physiological variations but did not
      caused any effect on the other toxicological parameters such as bodyweight, food
      intake, water intake, urine volume, eyeground examination, ECG and
      histopathological examination. It is concluded from the above-mentioned results
      that MT-141 at the dose of 2,500--7,500 mg/kg i.v. or 1,000--2,000 mg/kg i.m. has
      no significant toxicity in Beagle dogs.

PMID- 6436547
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. V. Its subacute toxicity in
      beagle dogs].
AB  - The 30-day subacute toxicity of MT-141 was studied in adult Beagle dogs with
      intravenous (i.v.) administrations of 100 to 1,200 mg/kg/day. The obtained
      results were as follows. MT-141 at the doses lower than 800 mg/kg/day i.v. had no
      toxicity in male and female Beagle dogs. An increase in water intake was closely
      related to that in urine excretion after i.v. treatments with 1,200 mg/kg/day of
      MT-141 in the males and females. MT-141 at the doses higher than 1,000 mg/kg/day
      i.v. of MT-141 caused slight local irritation at the site of injection in the
      males and females. In the females, the dose-dependent changes induced by
      treatments with the doses above 1,000 mg/kg/day i.v. of MT-141 were a significant
      decrease in the level of serum K and a significant increase in the activity of
      serum LAP. In the males, this compound produced significant dose-dependent
      changes in toxicological parameters such as a decrease in the activity of GOT at
      the doses higher than 1,000 mg/kg/day i.v., a descent in the levels of U-K, U-Cl
      and OP at the dose of 1,200 mg/kg/day i.v., an elevation in the level of serum
      alpha 1- and alpha 2-G, and an increase in the volume of excreted urine at the
      dose of 1,200 mg/kg/day i.v. It is concluded from the above-mentioned results
      that the maximal "no effective" dose of MT-141 is 800 mg/kg/day i.v. and the
      toxic dose of MT-141 is above 1,000 mg/kg/day i.v. in male and female Beagle
      dogs.

PMID- 6436548
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. VI. Its chronic toxicity in
      beagle dogs].
AB  - MT-141 was dosed to male and female Beagle dogs through intravenous (i.v.) route
      at 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day for 182 days. The toxic effects of MT-141 were
      as follows. The male and female Beagle dogs exhibited no particular behavior and
      symptom except vomiting and soft stool after treatments with 800 mg/kg/day i.v.
      of MT-141. MT-141 even at the high doses of 400 to 800 mg/kg/day i.v. did not
      significantly change toxicological parameters such as consumption of food and
      water, volume of excreted urine, electrocardiogram, eyeground and analysis of
      blood, serum and urine. Only one of 4 male Beagle dogs died of severe intestinal
      invagination, which is not related to the drug effect, at 120th day after the
      start of treatments with the highest dose of 800 mg/kg/day i.v. of MT-141. The
      fatality of Beagle dogs for 800 mg/kg/day of MT-141 was 25% (1/4) in males and 0%
      (0/4) in females. MT-141 caused the hemorrhage accompanied with fibrosis and
      round cells at the site of injections but the change induced by MT-141 was not so
      much different from that by saline. MT-141 at the highest dose induced
      histopathological changes in only 2 females, such as atrophy and degeneration of
      cardiac muscle, necrosis and fibrosis of hepatic cells and hyperplasia of spleen
      and bone marrow cells. Electron-microscopic examinations revealed no
      ultrastructural change related to the toxicity of MT-141 in the livers and
      kidneys. It is considered from the above-mentioned results that the maximal "no
      effective" dose is 400 mg/kg/day i.v. in male and female Beagle dogs.

PMID- 6436549
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. VII. Its locally-irritating
      activity in rabbits].
AB  - The local irritation of MT-141 was compared with that of cefmetazole (CMZ) in
      rabbits to obtain following results. Microscopic observations revealed that the
      irritative activity of 10% solution of MT-141 in blood vessels was not so much
      different from that of saline and 10% solution of CMZ when they were injected
      twice a day into vein retroauricularis of rabbits for 7 days. The
      histopathological changes induced by 10% solution of MT-141 were similar to those
      by 10% solution of CMZ but somewhat different from those by saline, because both
      compounds caused slight necrosis in the tissue around vessels. Histopathological
      observations suggested that the occurrence of necrosis was due to the leakage of
      them during injections. The local irritation of MT-141 by an injection of 1 ml of
      its solution into muscle vastus lateralis was compared with that of CMZ in
      rabbits. The potencies of irritative activity of the test solutions were
      summarized in the following order; saline less than 5% MT-141 less than 10% MT
      141 not equal to 10% CMZ much less than 0.75% acetic acid less than 6.0% acetic
      acid. The above-mentioned results suggest that MT-141 has low irritating activity
      when injected through intravenous or intramuscular route for clinical practice as
      5% or 10% solution.

PMID- 6436550
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. VIII. Its fertility test in
      rats].
AB  - A fertility study of MT-141 was performed in SD rats with the intramuscular
      (i.m.) injections at the dose levels of 400, 800 and 1,600 mg/kg/day. The male
      rats were injected with MT-141 for 63 days before mating and during the mating
      period, while the female rats were injected with MT-141 from the 14th day before
      mating up to the day 7 of gestation. All pregnant rats were sacrificed on day 20
      of gestation followed by external, visceral and skeletal observations of their
      fetuses. The results are summarized as follows. The suppression of body weight
      gain was observed in males given above 800 mg/kg/day i.m. and in females of all
      treated groups during early period of gestation. However, no significant
      differences were found between treated groups and the control with regard to
      copulation rate and conception rate. Though no defects were observed for visceral
      and skeletal specimens in the fetuses of treated groups, MT-141 produced a
      delayed ossification of forelimbs in the fetuses at the doses above 800 mg/kg/day
      and of sternebrae at the dose of 1,600 mg/kg/day. It is concluded from the above
      mentioned results that the maximal "no 'effective" dose of MT-141 on the
      fertility is above 1,600 mg/kg/day i.m. in parental rats and less than 800
      mg/kg/day i.m. for the fetuses.

PMID- 6436551
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141 IX. Its teratogenicity test in
      rats and rabbits].
AB  - A teratogenicity study of MT-141 was performed in SD rats and Japanese white
      rabbits. The pregnant rats were administered intramuscularly (i.m.) with MT-141
      at the dose levels of 200, 400, 800 and 1,600 mg/kg/day from the day 7 up to the
      day 17 of gestation. The pregnant rabbits were administered intravenously (i.v.)
      with the drug at the dose levels of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day from the day 6 up to
      the day 18 of gestation. The results are summarized as follows. Rats: Though the
      administrations with MT-141 at all dose levels did not change body weight gain
      and water intake of treated dams, a slight suppression in the food consumption
      was produced by MT-141 at the dose of 1,600 mg/kg/day. The examinations on
      cesarean section revealed no effect of MT-141 on teratological parameters such as
      external malformation and frequency of visceral and skeletal anomalies in the
      fetuses. MT-141 at all dose levels exerted no toxic effect on developmental,
      functional and behavioral parameters in F1 rats and on mating, fertility and
      pregnancy of F1 rats. Furthermore, there was no effect of MT-141 on the findings
      in cesarean section of F1 rats. The fetuses from F1 rats had no malformation of
      external appearance, viscera and skeleton. Rabbits: MT-141 had no significant
      effect on body weight gain and food consumption of dams at the all dose levels,
      but caused a slight suppression in the water intake at the doses more than 20
      mg/kg/day. One rabbit aborted in each group given 20 or 40 mg/kg/day. One rabbit
      died in the group given 20 mg/kg/day. Examinations on cesarean section showed
      that MT-141 at the dose of 40 mg/kg/day produced a decrease in body weights of
      females and an increase in dead or resorbed fetuses followed by a decrease in
      live fetuses. MT-141 is no effect malformation of external appearance, viscera
      and skeleton in the fetuses of all treated groups. The above-mentioned results
      suggest that MT-141 has no teratogenic effect on pregnant rats and rabbits. It is
      concluded from these results that the maximal "no effective" dose of MT-141 on
      fetal toxicity is above 1,600 mg/kg/day i.m. for pregnant rats and 10 mg/kg/day
      i.v. for pregnant rabbits.

PMID- 6436552
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. X. Its perinatal and
      postnatal test in rats].
AB  - A perinatal and postnatal study of MT-141 was performed in SD rats. The dams were
      administered intramuscularly (i.m.) with MT-141 at the dose levels of 400, 800
      and 1,600 mg/kg/day from the day 17 of gestation until the day 21 post delivery.
      The results are summarized as follows. No significant adverse effects of MT-141
      were observed on the body weight gain, food consumption and water intake in dams
      of all groups treated with the drug during the perinatal and postnatal period. MT
      141 did not change parameters of reproductive study in birth, development,
      physiological function and behavior of F1 rat. This compound had no effect on the
      fertility in F1 rats and also did not caused significant defects in the external
      appearance, viscera and skeleton of fetuses from dams (F1). It is concluded from
      these results that the maximal "no effective" dose of MT-141 is above 1,600
      mg/kg/day i.m. for dams and the offsprings.

PMID- 6436553
TI  - [An evaluation of antimicrobial removal device to isolate bacteria from
      bacteremic patients with hematological disorders].
AB  - Antibiotics contained in blood specimens often inhibit bacterial growth in
      culture media. Recently, the antimicrobial removal device (ARD) containing resins
      to absorb antibiotics has been made available. To evaluate the effectiveness of
      the ARD, we investigated how much the antibiotics were removed by the ARD. The
      ARD method was compared to the conventional culturing method in isolating
      organisms from blood specimens of patients with hematological disorders receiving
      antimicrobial agents. The antibiotics, including cefotiam, cefsulodin,
      cefmenoxime, cefazolin and sulbenicillin, were proved to be almost completely
      removed by the ARD. Bacteria were detected only by use of the ARD in the blood
      cultures from 2 of 21 blood specimens (11 patients) entered in the study, while
      all of the blood cultures were negative by the conventional method. These
      isolated bacteria were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, of which septicemias were
      cured by intensive antibiotic therapy for these bacteria. It is suggested that
      pretreatment with the ARD makes detection of bacteria easier in blood from the
      patients receiving antibiotics. Literatures were reviewed concerning improvement
      and shortened time for isolation of organisms by using the ARD.

PMID- 6436554
TI  - [Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. XI. Immunological
      properties].
AB  - Immunogenicity, eliciting antigenicity of MT-141 and its cross-reactivity with
      other beta-lactam antibiotics were studied in mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. The
      results were as follows. Injections of MT-141 failed to produce IgE-type antibody
      in mice but injections of the MT-141 conjugated to rabbit serum albumin produced
      a trace of IgE-type antibody. No antibody was produced in the guinea pigs
      immunized with the MT-141 conjugated to rabbit serum albumin in alum or Freund's
      complete adjuvant. The conjugated MT-141 also failed to elicit anaphylactic shock
      in the immunized guinea pigs. The subcutaneous treatments with MT-141 in Freund's
      complete adjuvant produced an amount of hemagglutination antibody in rabbits. The
      intravenous treatments with MT-141 produced no antibody in rabbits. When rabbits
      were subcutaneously immunized with the MT-141 conjugated to rabbit serum albumin
      in Freund's complete adjuvant, production of specific antibody in the rabbits was
      demonstrated by observations of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and
      hemagglutination. The results of hapten-induced inhibition of passive
      hemagglutination, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock and
      hemagglutination by using conjugates of antibiotics and rabbit serum albumin as
      immunogens and conjugates of antibiotics and bovine gamma-globulin as eliciting
      antigen showed that MT-141 did not cross-react with other antibiotics. MT-141 did
      not cause the in vitro direct Coombs' reaction in the human blood even at a high
      concentration of 160 mg/ml. It is concluded from these results that immunological
      activity of MT-141 preparation is weak.

PMID- 6436555
TI  - [Pharmacological studies on new cephamycin, MT-141. (1) Its effect on central
      nervous system, respiration and cardiovascular system].
AB  - The results on pharmacological effects of MT-141 were as follows. MT-141 did not
      exert effect on central nervous system in mice and rabbits but potentiated the
      anesthetic effect of thiopental at doses above 800 mg/kg i.v. MT-141 slightly
      raised a level of blood pressure in dogs and also caused a slight increase in the
      blood flow and heart rate when intravenously given more than 400 mg/kg. This
      compound did not affect the spontaneous contraction of isolated guinea pig atria
      and the blood vessels in perfused rabbit ears. MT-141 did not significantly
      affect the spontaneous contraction and coronary flow in isolated hearts of guinea
      pig. The body temperature was raised slightly by an injection of more than 400
      mg/kg of MT-141. These results suggest that MT-141 does not possess specific
      effect on central nervous system but at a high dose slightly affects the
      autonomic nervous system such as blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate and
      blood flow in experimental animals.

PMID- 6436556
TI  - [The values of plasminogen, antithrombin III, factor XIII and fibrinogen
      according to age and sex].

PMID- 6436557
TI  - [The mechanism of depigmentation by hydroquinone: a study on suppression and
      recovery processes of tyrosinase activity in the pigment cells in vivo and in
      vitro].

PMID- 6436558
TI  - [Nursing care of the patient on total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6436559
TI  - Contribution of intracellular stored calcium to contractile activation in
      contractures of stomach circular muscle of Bufo vulgaris formosus.
AB  - Contractile responses of stomach circular muscle of Bufo to high-K, to
      acetylcholine (ACh) in normal Ringer or in high-K solution, and to calcium in Ca
      free high-K solution showed a phasic contraction which relaxed completely in 30
      45 sec. K-induced contracture was abolished in Ca-free solution containing 1 mM
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) within 20
      sec, while ACh-induced contracture was not abolished and 10-25% of control
      tension was kept up to 40 sec. This response increased to 40-50% when all
      extracellular Na was replaced with tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris). K
      induced contracture was inhibited completely by 1 mM La. ACh-induced contracture
      in the muscle depolarized by high-K solution was dependent on the depolarization
      time, 0-10, 60-70, and nearly 100% of control after 1, 3, and 10 min
      depolarization, respectively. These ACh-induced contractures were not inhibited
      by 1 mM EGTA or La. All contractures mentioned above were markedly inhibited by 5
      mM procaine. These results suggest that activation of both contractures induced
      by high-K and ACh were, at least partly, dependent on the Ca at the intracellular
      Ca storage sites. Ca-induced contracture was dependent on depolarization time as
      was ACh-induced contracture, when the muscle was depolarized by Ca-free high-K
      solution without pre-treatment with Ca-free Ringer solution. These results
      suggest that activation of Ca-contracture is also dependent on intracellular
      stored Ca.

PMID- 6436560
TI  - Pathogenesis and clinical features of acute cholangitis accompanied by shock.
AB  - We investigated 91 cases of acute cholangitis, including 42 of severe cholangitis
      and 49 of mild cholangitis. The incidence of endotoxemia was 78.6 percent in 42
      and 32.6 percent in the 49 patients. In the 42 with severe cholangitis,
      remarkable leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, decrease of serum CH50, C3, plasma
      fibronectin and phagocytic index were characteristic. Disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC) was observed in 76.2 percent. Since there was a positive
      correlation between platelet counts and levels of CH50 and C3, the decrease of
      platelet count, and the occurrence of DIC in patients with endotoxemia were
      thought to be closely related to the consumption of complements. There was no
      difference in mortality rate between nonsurgical treatment (57.8 percent) and the
      emergency bile drainage treatment (56.5 percent). The results of therapy depended
      on the degree of complicating DIC. We conclude that acute cholangitis was
      aggravated by endotoxemia and that severe cholangitis was accompanied by DIC
      induced by a decline in phylaxis.

PMID- 6436561
TI  - [Clinical significance of arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension
      difference (a-ETDCO2) in pulmonary gas exchange].

PMID- 6436562
TI  - Progression and promotion.

PMID- 6436563
TI  - Eradication of cultured human melanoma cells by immune interferon and leukocytes.
AB  - For the determination of the conditions for the most effective cytolysis of human
      melanoma cells, leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), fibroblast interferon (IFN
      beta), and immune interferon (IFN-gamma) were compared for their abilities to
      kill cultured human melanoma cells in the presence and absence of peripheral
      blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL). A microassay was employed in which the
      viability of melanoma target cells was determined after various times of
      incubation with interferons alone or with PBL. On 7 human melanoma cell lines
      (from 6 different patients), IFN-gamma had significantly greater direct
      anticellular effect than IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. When PBL were added, all target
      cells were killed after 48 hours with IFN-gamma, but they were not killed with
      IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. When IFN-gamma was added to either IFN-alpha or IFN-beta,
      a potentiation of the anticellular effect was observed both with and without PBL.
      The actions of this "natural" IFN-gamma could be reproduced with recombinant IFN
      gamma and could be neutralized by an antibody to a synthetic peptide encoded by
      the 5'-end of IFN-gamma complementary DNA. It was concluded that IFN-gamma is
      significantly more active against these human melanoma cell lines than either IFN
      alpha or IFN-beta and, most significantly, that eradication can occur in the
      presence of IFN-gamma and PBL. Furthermore, synergistic anticellular action can
      be observed when IFN-gamma is added to IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. These findings
      point to the need for preclinical trials to evaluate eradication in vivo.

PMID- 6436564
TI  - Microinjection of carcinogens into rainbow trout embryos: an in vivo
      carcinogenesis assay.
AB  - Liver tumors were induced in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) 1 year after
      carcinogens were microinjected into embryos. Neoplasms were induced by a single
      injection of 13 and 25 ng per egg of aflatoxin B1 (CAS: 1162-65-8), 500 ng per
      egg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (CAS: 57-97-6), and 250 ng per egg of 2
      anthramine (CAS: 613-13-8). Over 70% of [3H]benzo[a]-pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8)
      injected into eggs was retained in hatched embryos, 120 hours postinjection.
      Exogenous activation of test compounds with the use of rat liver microsome
      preparation (S-9) increased the incidence of liver tumors in fish given
      injections of 25 ng aflatoxin B1. The amount of chemical required for the embryo
      injection assay was comparable to that required for the Ames bacterial
      mutagenesis assay.

PMID- 6436565
TI  - Expression of heterophil Forssman antigen as glycoprotein on transformed rat cell
      lines: shedding of the antigen from the cells.
AB  - Monoclonal Forssman (F) antibodies of the IgM class were obtained by
      hybridization of spleen cells from an immunized F344 rat with murine myeloma
      cells. By means of the indirect immunofluorescence test with monoclonal F
      antibodies, F-antigen was demonstrated on rat cell lines derived from a normal
      cell line that was transformed by transfection with whole adenovirus type 12 DNA
      or a fragment (E1a + E1b) of adenovirus type 12 DNA. These transformed cells were
      shown to shed the F-antigen into the culture supernatant, depending on their
      degree of malignancy. The F-antigen was demonstrated in a glycoprotein, but not
      in a glycolipid fraction of the supernatants. The glycoprotein purified by
      affinity chromatography was subjected to gel electrophoresis and subsequent
      Western blotting. The F-active molecules were identified as three distinct bands
      of approximately 130,000, 60,000, and 27,000.

PMID- 6436566
TI  - [P-nitrobenzoic acid medium (PNB medium) as an aid to differentiate tubercle
      bacilli from other mycobacteria. (A review)].

PMID- 6436567
TI  - [Phospholipase activity of the membrane fraction of phagocytes in relation to its
      antibacterial property].

PMID- 6436568
TI  - [In vitro antituberculous activity of DL8280 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The
      mode of bacteriostatic activity, bactericidal activity, cross-resistance and
      combined effect with other antituberculous agent].

PMID- 6436569
TI  - [Congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle].

PMID- 6436570
TI  - [Coronary blood changes after chemical cardioplegia and cardiac hypothermia].

PMID- 6436571
TI  - [Development of episodes of variant angina pectoris during isoproterenol tests].

PMID- 6436572
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerine on cerebral blood flow and central hemodynamics in
      patients with chronic heart failure].
AB  - The study of the cerebral and central hemodynamics by tetrapolar and chest
      rheography in 53 patients with various stages of chronic heart failure has shown
      that the intravenous injection of nitroglycerin exerts a marked vasodilating
      peripheral effect in patients with pronounced cardiac failure while having no
      significant influence on cardiac output. The cerebral blood flow increases
      following nitroglycerin injection which permits recommending the drug for use to
      improve the cerebral hemodynamics in patients with severe forms of cardiac
      failure.

PMID- 6436573
TI  - [Efficacy of using vasodilating preparations in latent heart failure in patients
      with chronic ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The tolerance to exercise and parameters of the central hemodynamics were studied
      in 111 patients with coronary heart disease and latent cardiac failure. It has
      been ascertained that they have a considerably increased peripheral resistance.
      The treatment with erinit and nitrong improves the propulsive function of the
      heart and diminishes significantly the peripheral resistance which results in an
      increased tolerance to physical load. The latter depends on the degree of the
      peripheral resistance decrease due to erinit and nitrong. Vasodilating agents may
      be useful in preventing the progression of heart failure in patients with
      coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6436574
TI  - [Bile-draining operations in hepatic alveolar hydatid disease].

PMID- 6436575
TI  - [Severe peripartum acidosis of the mature newborn infant (umbilical artery pH
      less than or equal to 7.00)--early morbidity and early growth].
AB  - Early morbidity and neurological development in 40 term infants with UApH less
      than or equal to 7,00 (6,60-7,00) were investigated. Group 1: 18 infants (45%)
      responded well to the measures of primary resuscitation--they never revealed any
      neurological symptoms and their growth and development were normal. Group 2: 15
      infants (37,5%) who responded less well to primary resuscitation initially had
      mild to moderate neurological symptoms subsiding during the first few days of
      life. There were 2 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis and 4 cases of moderate
      meconium aspiration syndrome. Apgar scores, pH and blood-gases were worse than in
      group 1. At discharge and on follow-up all children appeared clinically normal.
      Group 3: 7 infants (17,5%) with severe neurological signs were not responding
      well to resuscitation. They were referred to the intensive care nursery and
      treated for cerebral edema (hyperventilation, pentobarbital, steroids). 2 infants
      with severe meconium aspiration syndrome recovered entirely. Two children had
      evidence of cerebral involvement as demonstrated by means of computerized
      tomography of the head, but were normal on follow-up. Three children with
      distinct signs of cerebral palsy developed cerebral atrophy and microcephaly,
      presumably due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Early morbidity, comprising
      all 22 infants from group 2 and 3 amounts to 55%, morbidity up to an average age
      of 14,7 month includes 5 infants from group 3 (suspected cerebral lesions in 2,
      microcephalus in 3) and thus comes to 12,5% of the total.

PMID- 6436576
TI  - [Severe peripartum acidoses (umbilical artery pH less than or equal to 7.00)-
      clinical aspects and therapy].
AB  - Severe neonatal acidosis, defined in this study as a pH of 7,00 or less in the
      blood of the umbilical artery occurred in 0,4% of 8 992 life born term babies
      between 1980 and 1981. Analysis of high risk factors during pregnancy showed no
      difference between acidotic and non acidotic newborns, whereas in all newborns
      with severe acidosis there were more or less unexpected acute complications
      during delivery, such as abrutio placenta or cord complications or else. 60% of
      infants were born by cesarian section or forceps. Resuscitation was performed in
      an aggressive manner by starting IPPV within one minute post partum, correcting
      the acidosis and by attempting to stabilize circulation by administration of
      glucose and human albumin. 6 babies required prolonged ventilatory support over
      24 hours. 27 newborns received parenteral solutions of glucose and amino-acids
      for 6 or more days. Severe acidosis was followed in 8 babies by abnormal
      neurologic symptoms. In infants with severe acidosis Apgar-score at one minute
      was not found to be significantly related to subsequent outcome. A NapH of less
      than or equal to 6,90 and/or Apgar-score of less than or equal to 4 at five
      minutes, especially in connection with additional risk factors, is an ominous
      finding.

PMID- 6436577
TI  - [Gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in young males with hypothalamic
      pubertal syndrome].

PMID- 6436578
TI  - [Bacteriological control of the treatment of patients in wards with laminar air
      flow].

PMID- 6436579
TI  - [Complex treatment of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6436580
TI  - [Disputable problems of the etiology, pathogenesis and classification of peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 6436581
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic active hepatitis].

PMID- 6436582
TI  - [The effect of testosterone on the secretion of prolactin].
AB  - For 21 days, nine male monkeys received daily doses, 8 mg of testosterone
      propionate dissolved in almond oil. After an initial period of 6 days, a control
      period was observed during which only the almond oil was administered. Each
      injection was preceded by the taking of a 10 ml blood sample. The prolactin and
      steroids (testosterone and oestradiol) were measured by radioimmunoassay. For
      both groups of animals the prolactin serum count increase significantly after 10
      days of treatment. This modest increase (approximately 50% a base count) is more
      systematic among the immature subject than among the mature ones. The oestradiol
      serum count increased among the same animals on day + 2 and remained at a
      noticeably high level from day + 2 to day + 20. These results suggest a
      stimulatory effect of testosterone on the secretion of prolactin due to the
      conversion of androgen to oestradiol. However a mild testosterone action directly
      on lactotropic cells is not to be discounted.

PMID- 6436583
TI  - Stereospecific binding capacity of proteins on surfaces--simple mathematical
      models.
AB  - The adsorption of and interaction between protein molecules on solid surfaces are
      phenomena involved in many situations of biochemical and physical interest. This
      communication is an attempt to relate stoichiometrically substances binding to
      each other on surfaces. One experimental observation, which we try to explain, is
      that the maximum antibody binding capacity of an antigen covered surface does not
      always occur at the largest coverage of antigens.

PMID- 6436584
TI  - Induction of receptors for interleukin 2 requires T cell Ag:Ia receptor
      crosslinking and interleukin 1.

PMID- 6436585
TI  - Abstracts from Fourth International Lymphokine Workshop. Molecular and cellular
      biology of lymphokines. October l7-21, 1984.

PMID- 6436586
TI  - Mechanisms of exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 6436587
TI  - Growth rate and life span in Drosophila. I. Methods and mechanisms of variation
      of growth rate.
AB  - It has been suggested that development and ageing may be linked and it has been
      shown, in Drosophila, under conditions of varying developmental temperature and
      larval crowding that the rate of development may be inversely related with the
      duration of adult life. In order to test this hypothesis systematically, precise
      methods were devised for varying, in Drosophila, either growth rate or each of
      its components, i.e. body weight and duration of development, while holding the
      other constant. These methods are described in the present paper. Moreover, we
      report studies that shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the effects of
      temperature and larval crowding on Drosophila development. The major novel
      findings from these studies were: (a) the restriction of the amount of yeast per
      larva as larval density increases accounts entirely for the effect of larval
      crowding on duration of development but only for about two-thirds of its effect
      on body size; and (b) the increased size of flies grown at lower temperatures may
      be due to assimilation of more food rather than to more efficient assimilation of
      food.

PMID- 6436588
TI  - Neutral amino acid transport and in vitro aging.
AB  - Human fibroblasts possess five distinguishable systems for amino acid transport.
      Initial rates for three of these decline with in vitro age. The decline most
      noticeably affects the L system, whose rate for L-phenylalanine transport at 10
      microM declines by 44% between the 27th and 39th population doubling levels.
      Accumulation of L-phenylalanine is similarly affected. The insensitivity of older
      cells to reduction of the amino acid concentration in culture medium casts doubt
      on possible interpretation of the transport decline as a causal factor in
      limiting growth.

PMID- 6436589
TI  - Long-term care insurance. Premium estimates for prototype policies.
AB  - Private insurance has been suggested as a way to relieve the growing pressure on
      Medicaid budgets brought about by the long-term care needs of the elderly. This
      paper provides premium estimates for prototype long-term care insurance policies.
      Alternative specifications of services covered, amount of benefits paid per day,
      waiting period before benefits begin, years of coverage, age at time of purchase,
      administrative expenses, risk selection, and tax treatments are examined. The
      estimates are useful in understanding the general order of magnitude of premiums
      for various types of policies and assumptions. They may also be useful in
      deriving initial rates for new types of policies or in setting initial rates for
      an insurer with no access to actual experience data.

PMID- 6436590
TI  - Hospital efficiency measurement and evaluation. Empirical test of a new
      technique.
AB  - A new technique for identifying inefficient hospitals, Data Envelopment Analysis
      (DEA), is field tested by application to a group of teaching hospitals. DEA is
      found to provide meaningful insights into the location and nature of hospital
      inefficiencies as judged by the opinion of a panel of hospital experts. DEA
      provides insights about hospital efficiency not available from the widely used
      efficiency evaluation techniques of ratio analysis and econometric-regression
      analysis. DEA is, therefore, suggested as a means to help identify and measure
      hospital inefficiency as a basis for directing management efforts toward
      increasing efficiency and reducing health care costs.

PMID- 6436591
TI  - Clinical correlates of small area variations in population-based admission rates
      for diabetes.
AB  - To verify and elucidate the results of a previous study that documented four-fold
      variations in small area admission rates for diabetes mellitus in Washington
      state, the authors examined the hospital records of a sample of diabetes
      discharges from hospitals in high-, medium-, and low-rate counties. Hospitals in
      high-rate counties were generally smaller than those in medium- and low-rate
      counties and admitted a greater proportion of patients with mild illness. Also,
      physicians in hospitals in high-rate counties tended to be less vigorous in the
      diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Variations in admission rates were not
      explained by coding errors or by differences in selected sociodemographic
      characteristics of admitted patients. The authors conclude that small area
      variations in hospitalization rates for diabetes were related to clinical
      differences in admission criteria and may also reflect differences in the medical
      management of hospitalized patients.

PMID- 6436592
TI  - [Plasma values of arginine vasopressin in patients treated with lithium
      carbonate].

PMID- 6436593
TI  - [Thyroid function in patients treated with lithium carbonate].

PMID- 6436594
TI  - [Poisoning with lithium salts. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 6436595
TI  - Therapy with conventional antiarrhythmic drugs for ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Conventional antiarrhythmic drugs are an important tool for the clinical
      cardiologist for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Knowledge of the
      different properties of these drugs will help decrease the incidence of adverse
      effects and increase the frequency of successful therapy.

PMID- 6436596
TI  - Therapy with investigational antiarrhythmic drugs.
AB  - The investigational antiarrhythmic agents available for use in this country are
      predominantly class I drugs with local anesthetic membrane effects. These drugs
      are often used successfully to control arrhythmias refractory to treatment with
      the standard antiarrhythmic drugs. Side effects often limit their use, and
      particular attention needs to be paid to their cardiac side effects, such as
      exacerbation of arrhythmia or enhanced conduction defects.

PMID- 6436597
TI  - [Antibody activity of immunoglobulins in rabbits immunized with soluble and
      cellular R. prowazekii antigen].

PMID- 6436598
TI  - Inhibition of phospholipase A2 in vitro by some anti-hypoxic drugs.
AB  - The effect of the anti-hypoxic drugs piracetam, nicergoline, papaverine,
      cinnarizine and aligeron on the activity of bee venom phospholipase A2 was
      studied in experiments in vitro. The pH-stat titration method of Grossmann et al.
      was used. All the drugs studied inhibited to a various degree the activity of
      phospholipase A2 in vitro. The most potent drug was nicergoline and the least
      potent was papaverine. Taking into account that the activity of phospholipase A2
      is stimulated in hypoxia, the results make us believe that the inhibition of
      phospholipase A2 might play a certain role in the anti-hypoxic effect of the
      drugs studied.

PMID- 6436599
TI  - [The amytal test--a diagnostic aid in epileptic surgery].

PMID- 6436600
TI  - Some effects of formaldehyde on the upper respiratory tract.
AB  - Being highly soluble in water gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) is virtually completely
      removed by the nose during nasal respiration so that nasal disease may follow.
      This report is a review of pertinent information that is known about the effect
      of formaldehyde on the nose both in animals and humans. It is evident from the
      literature that rats develop nasal carcinoma at ambient levels of HCHO
      occasionally encountered by humans and it is hoped that this report will
      elucidate the possible threat HCHO presents to humans.

PMID- 6436601
TI  - [Epidemiology of non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - Hepatitis non-A-non-B is a nosologically homogeneous group of diseases probably
      caused by different infectious agents. Laboratory tests specific for these agents
      are not yet available. Epidemiologically one has to distinguish occurence of the
      disease after transfusion and sporadically occuring disease. In addition,
      epidemics have been reported, which seem to be similar to hepatitis A virus
      infection in regard to epidemiological and clinical pattern. Hepatitis non-A-non
      B makes up for about 25% of all cases with hepatitis caused by virus,
      sporadically occuring cases predominate. In our own group of patients only 10%
      occured after transfusion. Hepatitis non-A-non-B occurs in adults, about equally
      in males and females; there are no saisonal influences to be observed. Blood
      transfusion, substitution of coalgulation factors, parenteral drug abuse and
      hemodialysis represent definite high risk situations. Nosocomial infections in
      professional people (doctors, nurses) and infections of sexual partners occure
      more rarely as is the case in hepatitis B. Perinatal transmission of the
      infectious agents of hepatitis non-A-non-B still has to be clarified.

PMID- 6436602
TI  - [Clinical course of non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - Diagnosis of seronegative hepatitis non-A-non-B today can only be established by
      exclusion. The infectious agent probably is of vital nature. Two or more viruses
      seem to occur: One of these leads to outbreaks of the disease after short
      incubation (2-5 weeks), the other one after long incubation (6-26 weeks).
      Transmission essentially occurs parenterally. The disease starts with extreme
      fatigue; only 20-25% of the patient will get jaundice. Usually increase of
      transaminases is smaller than in hepatitis B, and the clinical picture milder. In
      about 50% of the cases hepatitis non-A-non-B becomes chronic; tendency for
      complete cure, however, is greater than in hepatitis B. In chronic cases biopsy
      of the liver seems to be important, since in our experiences relatively typical
      changes of the portal fields occur. There are no general recommendations for
      therapy. Blood donors with increased SGPT should not be accepted.

PMID- 6436603
TI  - [Significance of autoantibodies in the diagnosis of non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - Various autoantibodies against different components of the hepatocytes have been
      demonstrated in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) which is an etiologically
      heterogeneous disease. These antibodies are essentially antinuclear antibodies
      (ANA), antibodies against liver cell membranes (LMA), antibodies against a
      microsomal antigen from liver and kidney (LKM), antibodies against soluble liver
      antigen (SLA) and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). These various
      autoantibodies mentioned could not be demonstrated in 18 patients with clearly
      established acute and 27 patients with clearly established acute and 27 patients
      with clearly established chronic hepatitis non-A-non-B. In addition these
      autoantibodies could not be found in our own cases of clearly established
      hepatitis non-A-non-B after the acute stage of the disease. Testing for the
      presence of these antibodies thus helps essentially to differentiate the
      autoimmunologically caused form of CAH from the CAH non-A-non-B.

PMID- 6436604
TI  - [Electron microscopy findings in non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - Contrary to some reports electron microscopy up to now has not yielded any
      characteristic or specific changes of liver parenchyma in hepatitis non-A-non-B
      of man. In man as well as in chimpanzees intranuclear particles of 20-27 nm
      diameter (interchromatin granula) have been found; however, they are unspecific.
      In chimpanzees characteristic changes of cytoplasma (type I-IV) have been
      demonstrated; however, there is no equivalent of that in human liver tissue to be
      observed.

PMID- 6436605
TI  - [Morphologic findings in experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - A report is given about light and electron microscopy in primates with
      experimental hepatitis non-A-non-B; own data are presented as well as data from
      the literature. Morphological changes after infection with GB, NANB and Delta-AG
      are discussed. Light microscopy in these animal models shows a similar pattern of
      lesions as can be found in human hepatitis; however, in these models
      ultrastructural changes have been observed, whose specifity has not yet been
      confirmed.

PMID- 6436606
TI  - [Therapy of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis].
AB  - Before establishing the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) non-A-non-B
      other diseases have to be excluded, like toxic hepatitis (alcohol, drugs),
      immunological forms (autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis), and
      metabolically caused hepatitis (hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease), since for
      some of these patients specific therapeutic procedures are available. History of
      the disease and repeated evaluation of control biopsies performed about every 9
      to 12 months help in deciding about therapy. Chronic persisting hepatitis non-A
      non-B and the mild form of CAH non-A-non-B do not need treatment but only
      diagnostic follow-up. Patients with apparent clinical disease, increased
      transaminases and histologically typical findings in at least two biopsies may be
      looked at as suitable for drug treatment. Since this disease is probably caused
      by virus, immunosuppressive therapy in this small group of patients described
      above has to be temporarily limited and should not be used as long term
      treatment.

PMID- 6436607
TI  - Normal numbers of T6 positive epidermal langerhans cells across the leprosy
      spectrum.

PMID- 6436608
TI  - Increase of the peroxidase activity of mouse submaxillary gland by reserpine.
AB  - The peroxidase activity of mouse submaxillary gland was found to be elevated by
      about 128% at 22 hr. after the administration of reserpine (0.5 mg/kg). This
      effect of reserpine was observed in rat also. Neither pretreatment with 6-hydroxy
      dopamine (6-OH dopamine) nor surgical sympathetic denervation could abolish the
      increase of the peroxidase activity elicited by reserpine. Also, treatment with
      propranolol, dibenamine or atropine sulfate failed to reverse the effect of
      reserpine. These results suggest that neither catecholamine nor acetyl choline is
      involved in this reserpine action.

PMID- 6436609
TI  - Growth hormone releasing effect of hpGRF-40 in rats at different time intervals
      following ablation of the mediobasal hypothalamus.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection in the rat
      on the growth hormone (GH) responsiveness to human pancreatic GH-releasing factor
      (hpGRF). Adult female rats, sham-operated (sham-op) or bearing a complete
      mechanical ablation of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH-A) were challenged, while
      under urethane anesthesia, with hpGRF-40 (20,100,500 ng/rat i.v.) at different
      time intervals after surgery. In sham-op rats only 500 ng/rat of hpGRF-40
      stimulated GH release, while in 1-and 7-day MBH-A rats the stimulation also
      occurred with the lower hpGRF doses and the rise in plasma GH was greater than in
      sham-op controls. Twenty-one and 42 days after the placing of the lesions the GH
      response to hpGRF-40 was still present at the 500 ng/rat dose, though it was
      smaller than in sham-op controls. Evaluation of pituitary GH content demonstrated
      a progressive and rapid decline starting the first day after the placing of the
      lesions. These data indicate that GH responsiveness to hpGRF is: enhanced in the
      anterior pituitary shortly after hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection and, despite
      a striking reduction of the pituitary GH stores, it is maintained after these
      lesions. The physiologic growth hormone (GH) releaser in the rat is GH-releasing
      factor and, recently, a group of peptides has been characterized from human
      pancreatic tumors (hpGRFs) (1,2) which are potent and specific GH-releasers in
      both animals and man. The availability of these peptides, which show a high
      degree of homology with the physiologic rat hypothalamic GRF, offers the unique
      opportunity to assess somatotrope responsiveness to GRF molecules in rats with
      hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection. In this study we have first evaluated the GH
      pituitary responsiveness to increasing doses of hpGRF-40 in rats following
      mechanical ablation of the medio-basal hypothalamus. These rats, by definition,
      lack the effect of both central nervous system (CNS) inhibitory (e.g.
      somatostatin) and stimulatory (e.g. GRF) influences to GH release. With the aim
      to ascertain how the lack of these two opposing inputs reflects on the secretory
      capacity of the somatotropes, we also investigated the GH response to hpGRF-40 at
      different time intervals after the lesioning. In a study in rats with
      electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial-arcuate region of the hypothalamus
      Tannenbaum et al had shown persistence of the GH response to huge doses of a
      hpGRF analog.

PMID- 6436610
TI  - Expectations for childbirth versus actual experiences: the gap widens.

PMID- 6436611
TI  - A running debate.

PMID- 6436613
TI  - MCN keys to research. Planning experiments.

PMID- 6436612
TI  - Some tough issues.

PMID- 6436614
TI  - Acute and chronic pain in maternal-child health.

PMID- 6436615
TI  - Acute and chronic pain in maternal-child health (continuing education).

PMID- 6436616
TI  - Factors to consider when assessing responses to pain.

PMID- 6436617
TI  - The neonate's response to pain.

PMID- 6436618
TI  - Management of pain in critically ill children.

PMID- 6436619
TI  - The child at home with chronic pain.

PMID- 6436620
TI  - Discomfort and pain during pregnancy.

PMID- 6436621
TI  - Managing pain responses ro cesarean childbirth.

PMID- 6436622
TI  - Assessing and managing pain in breast-feeding mothers.

PMID- 6436623
TI  - Phenytoin for seizure disorders.

PMID- 6436624
TI  - Male maternity nurses: the patient's perspective.

PMID- 6436625
TI  - Managing AIDS in children.

PMID- 6436626
TI  - Nonpharmaceutical methods for relieving pain and discomfort during pregnancy.

PMID- 6436627
TI  - A comprehensive strategy for managing encopresis.

PMID- 6436628
TI  - Training neonates to suck correctly.

PMID- 6436629
TI  - Screening young children for communication disorders.

PMID- 6436630
TI  - MCN keys to research. Determining differences.

PMID- 6436631
TI  - Erythromycin for eye prophylaxis.

PMID- 6436632
TI  - [Clinical use of the dexamethasone suppression test].

PMID- 6436633
TI  - The maximum physiological responses during incremental wheelchair and arm
      cranking exercise in male paraplegics.
AB  - Ten physically active male paraplegics (means = 30 +/- 1 yr), with lesion levels
      ranging from T5 to L4/S2, underwent two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion.
      The exercise tests were arm cranking, utilizing an electronically-braked arm
      cranker, and wheelchair propulsion on a motor-driven treadmill. The subjects were
      randomly assigned to groups, and the exercise tests were separated by 1 wk. For
      the first six subjects, during both modes of exercise, VO2, VCO2, R, VE, and
      heart rates were recorded throughout; for the remaining four subjects the same
      variables were recorded after the heart rate reached 160 b X min-1. The VO2 (l X
      min-1 and ml X min-1 X kg-1), VCO2 (l X min-1), HR, and VE BTPS (l X min-1) were
      significantly higher at the termination of the wheelchair exercise than at the
      termination of the arm cranking exercise. The minute ventilation, when recorded
      throughout both exercise tests, showed a relatively linear phase at first,
      followed by a curvilinear phase. The findings of this study indicate that in the
      present group of paraplegics, the highest VO2 was obtained during maximum
      wheelchair exercise.

PMID- 6436634
TI  - Effect of exercise on oxygen consumption, heart rate, and the electrocardiogram
      of pigs.
AB  - Pigs were exercised for 5 min at five different treadmill speeds (1.0-1.8 m X s
      1) (3 degrees incline), while oxygen consumption (MO2), carbon dioxide production
      (MCO2), and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously. Data were
      taken at rest, during exercise, and at 2, 5, 15, and 30 min after exercise.
      Values for MO2, MCO2, and heart rate (HR) showed progressive increases with
      increasing treadmill speed. The respiratory exchange ratio (R) increased during
      exercise and approached 1.0, but peak values were seen shortly after exercise.
      Heart rate, MO2, MCO2, and R reached steady-state values after 2 min of exercise,
      which were maintained for the duration of exercise. In most cases, these
      variables had returned to control levels 15 min after exercise. A high
      correlation between HR and MO2 was found in these animals. Prominent increases in
      T-wave amplitude of the ECG were associated with exercise and early recovery. The
      metabolic and cardiac changes associated with exercise in these animals were all
      qualitatively similar to responses seen in exercising humans. Thus, this study
      further supports the belief that the pig is a good model for studying the
      cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in humans.

PMID- 6436635
TI  - Observations on the effects of CO2-laser on rat myocardium.
AB  - The effect of CO2-laser burn on rat myocardium was studied to evaluate a
      hypothesis developed by Mirhoseini and Cayton that infarcted myocardium may be
      revascularized by establishing an alternative circulation from a ventricle to the
      coronary arteries by means of laser channels burned through the myocardium. The
      hearts of 22 rats were examined histologically for a period ranging from a few
      minutes to 50 days after CO2 laser was applied to the myocardium. The laser
      initiated an intense inflammatory response in the myocardium adjacent to the
      target site. The authors believe that the inflammatory response, observed in this
      study to the Biophy-Las 80 surgical laser, must be reduced if laser is to be an
      effective means of myocardial revascularization.

PMID- 6436636
TI  - The breakpoint of the Philadelphia chromosome 22 in chronic myeloid leukaemia is
      distal to the immunoglobulin lambda light chain constant region genes.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids containing chromosomes from a patient with chronic myeloid
      leukaemia were used as a source of DNA for filter hybridizations with
      immunoglobulin lambda light chain constant region and c-onc probes. The results
      show that at least part of the human lambda constant region locus remains on the
      abnormal chromosome 22 (the Philadelphia chromosome) and therefore that this
      translocation occurs distal to these genes. Further, in the patient studied the c
      abl gene has been translocated to the abnormal chromosome 22, thus creating a new
      genetic linkage between C lambda and c-abl genes.

PMID- 6436637
TI  - The effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on the serum lipid and
      lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes.
AB  - We examined the effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on the serum
      lipid levels of distance runners. For seven days before each study, subjects
      consumed a diet containing 15% protein, 32% fat, and 53% carbohydrate. During 14
      day experimental periods, a control group (n = 10) continued the same diet while
      two other groups consumed 69% of their calories as either carbohydrate (n = 13)
      or fat (n = 14). High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased 9% during
      the high-carbohydrate diet because of a 26% fall in the HDL2 fraction (1.063 to
      1.125 g/mL). These changes were not accompanied by changes in the levels of
      apolipoproteins (apo) A-I or A-II. Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol initially decreased but subsequently exceeded pre-diet values while
      triglyceride concentrations increased 30% to 50%. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase
      activity (LPLA) fell 20%. Despite these dietary effects, HDL and HDL2 cholesterol
      concentrations in the athletes remained above values typical of sedentary men.
      The high-fat diet produced different effects on the serum lipids and lipoprotein
      levels of the athletes. HDL levels changed little during the study although HDL
      cholesterol and apo A-I on the last diet day were both slightly above initial
      values. The high-fat diet provided 111 g of saturated fat per day but had
      surprisingly little effect on total and LDL-cholesterol whereas serum
      triglycerides fell by 10% to 20%. Postheparin LPLA increased 30% with fat feeding
      and the changes in LPLA correlated with alterations in triglyceride levels (r = 
      0.53, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436638
TI  - Influence of clofibrate on thyroid hormone and muscle protein turnover.
AB  - Clofibrate, a hypolipidemic agent, has been shown to increase muscle protein
      degradation. The possible role of thyroid hormones in this phenomena was
      examined. Clofibrate treatment of rats for 2 weeks resulted in a significant
      decrease in total thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in serum. Reverse T3 and
      resin uptake values remained unchanged. When exogenous thyroxine was co
      administered with clofibrate, serum TSH levels were suppressed, but the increased
      muscle protein degradation was not reversed. Equilibrium dialysis and Scatchard
      analysis of the binding of 125I-thyroxine to serum proteins indicated that
      clofibrate competitively inhibits the binding of thyroid hormone to serum
      proteins by decreasing its apparent binding affinity. In the presence of lower
      total thyroid hormone concentrations and an elevated free thyroxine fraction, the
      total free hormone levels are estimated to be in the normal range in the serum of
      clofibrate treated rats. Clofibrate seems to act like thyroid hormone since it
      binds to and displaces T4 from plasma proteins. Because free thyroid hormone
      levels are in the normal range, the thyroid hormone-like effects of clofibrate on
      the cell may be additive to the T4 effects, and are probably responsible for the
      hypermetabolic state seen in the muscle of clofibrate-treated animals. Our data
      suggest that the effects of clofibrate in muscle are complex. In addition to
      competitively altering the binding of thyroxine to serum proteins, this substance
      may also exert a hitherto unrecognized thyroid-hormone-like subcellular effect
      resulting in increased muscle protein degradation, and in augmented ouabain
      sensitive ATPase activities.

PMID- 6436639
TI  - The gonadotropin-suppressive activity of androgen is increased in elderly men.
AB  - The influence of aging on the responsiveness to sex steroid hormones in men was
      studied by comparing circulating gonadotropin concentrations, pulsatile LH
      release, and sex hormone-binding globulin (TeBG) levels. This was done before and
      during a four-day continuous infusion of testosterone (T) (7.5 mg/d),
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (7.0 mg/d), or estradiol (E2) (45 micrograms/d) in
      young adult men, ages 18 to 32, and healthy elderly men, ages 65 to 80. DHT
      reduced mean serum LH and FSH levels as well as the frequency of spontaneous LH
      secretory episodes to a greater extent (p less than 0.05) in old men than in
      young men. T administration also reduced serum LH levels more in aged than in
      young men (P less than 0.05); however, this difference was less pronounced than
      for DHT. During T infusion, the decrease in serum FSH levels was similar in the
      two groups. Spontaneous LH pulse amplitude also declined during both T and DHT
      infusion in aged, but not in young men. By contrast, infusion of E2 reduced both
      serum LH and FSH levels comparably in aged and young men. DHT infusion also
      reduced serum TeBG levels equally in old and young men. Finally, each steroid
      infusion produced comparable mean circulating levels of T, DHT, and E2 in both
      groups. These data indicate that elderly men are more responsive than are young
      men to the gonadotropin-suppressive effects of androgen, but not to DHT effects
      on circulating TeBG levels. The more pronounced deceleration of spontaneous LH
      secretory episodes during DHT infusion in aged men provides evidence for an
      alteration in hypothalamic function in male senescence.

PMID- 6436640
TI  - A simple analysis of methylated proteins.

PMID- 6436641
TI  - Methylated lysines and 3-methylhistidine in myosin: tissue and developmental
      differences.

PMID- 6436642
TI  - Hypusine formation: a unique posttranslational modification in translation
      initiation factor eIF-4D.

PMID- 6436643
TI  - ADP-ribosylarginine.

PMID- 6436644
TI  - NAD: arginine mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases from animal cells.

PMID- 6436645
TI  - Structure of poly(ADP-ribose).

PMID- 6436646
TI  - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of lysine residues in albumin.

PMID- 6436647
TI  - Repair of UV damage in plasmid DNA by human fibroblasts.
AB  - Plasmid DNA from Bacillus subtilis was introduced into monolayers of human
      fibroblasts by means of a modification of the calcium phosphate coprecipitation
      technique, comprising centrifugation of the coprecipitate onto the cells and
      treatment with polyethyleneglycol. The amount of DNA resistant to removal from
      the monolayers ranged from 10% to 15% of the input DNA. By determination of the
      biological activity of the plasmid DNA, re-extracted after various periods
      following entry into the fibroblasts and subsequently used as donor for B.
      subtilis protoplasts, it was shown that the activity of the plasmid DNA was
      gradually lost. When ultraviolet light-inactivated plasmid DNA was used as donor,
      reactivation of the plasmid was observed, which was completed within 2 h. The
      dose-dependent incorporation of [14C]-thymidine suggests that DNA repair
      processes were involved in reactivation of the plasmid DNA.

PMID- 6436648
TI  - Molecular fate of heterologous bacterial DNA in competent Bacillus subtilis:
      further characterization of unstable association between donor and recipient DNA
      and the involvement of the cellular membrane.
AB  - Although heterospecific transformation is extremely inefficient and very little
      heterologous donor DNA integrates into the recipient chromosome in a stable way,
      we have previously shown that B. pumilus DNA entering competent B. subtilis
      efficiently associates with the recipient chromosome in an unstable way. This
      association can be stabilized by photocrosslinking in the presence of 4,5',8
      trimethylpsoralen; it depends on the recombination proficiency of the recipient
      strain and on strand-separation of the recipient chromosome (te Riele and Venema
      1982b). The present study provides further evidence that the heterologous donor
      DNA and the recipient DNA are associated by regions of base-pairing. Based on the
      high sensitivity of the donor moiety in the complex to nuclease S1 (90%) and the
      high sensitivity of the complex to moderate denaturing conditions (Tm = 48
      degrees C), we presume that donor and recipient DNA are associated either by
      several short sequences of 15-25 fairly well matched base pairs or by a region of
      base-pairing of about 200 bases, which contains 25% of mismatches. During
      incubation, the unstable complex disappears, probably due to nucleolytic
      degradation. The unstable heterologous donor-recipient complex (DRC) was found to
      be membrane-bound. However, in contrast to homologous DRC, the unstable
      heterologous DRC remains membrane bound during incubation. Apparently, the
      predominantly single-stranded character of the heterologous DRC prevents release
      of the complex from the membrane.

PMID- 6436649
TI  - Restriction of hemimethylated DNA by the Bacillus subtilis R system.
AB  - The effects of restriction by the BsuR system on hemimethylated SPP1 DNA were
      investigated. In vitro, single-stranded nicks were introduced in the nonmodified
      strand of the hemimethylated DNA at the same sites as recognized in nonmodified
      homoduplex DNA. Transfection with BsuR-treated hemimethylated DNA was severely
      reduced. In vivo, transfection with hemimethylated DNA was also severely reduced
      in competent B. subtilis R cells. In contrast, transfection of protoplasts of the
      R strain with this DNA was not affected. The apparent restriction by competent
      cells was attributed to the special mode of processing of transfecting DNA.

PMID- 6436650
TI  - Immunogenic dialyzable factor derived from a ribosomal fraction of Salmonella
      typhimurium III. Analysis of resistance induced by dialyzable factors.
AB  - Dialyzable factors (DF) were prepared from ribosomal fractions of several
      organisms including rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, salmonella
      species of different serogroups, other enteric bacteria and gram-positive
      organisms, and tested for their immunogenicity against S. typhimurium infection
      in mice. All of them conferred local resistance on mice challenged
      intramuscularly with S. typhimurium LT2 in the early stage of immunization before
      the establishment of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to salmonella antigens.
      Although DFs of enteric bacteria including rough mutants of S. typhimurium
      induced DTH to salmonella antigens, only DF of a two-heptose mutant of S.
      typhimurium LT2 afforded significant mouse protection but others only prolonged
      the mean time to death. DF of Listeria monocytogenes induced the cross-reacting
      immunity which afforded the low level of mouse protection as well as an increase
      in mean time to death without inducing DTH. Passive transfer of anti-O antibody
      did not enhance the mouse protection provided by each DF. Resistance conferred by
      DF of S. typhimurium LT2 consisted of two phases: (i) nonspecific macrophage
      activation resulting in reduction of organisms at the infected site, which became
      active in the early stage of immunization and (ii) salmonella-specific immunity
      capable of preventing systemic infection, which became active in the late stage
      of immunization.

PMID- 6436651
TI  - Failure of gamma-interferon induction in germfree mouse spleen cells by OK-432, a
      preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes.

PMID- 6436652
TI  - Malnutrition and group brain- and body-weight variability: data in search of a
      hypothesis.
AB  - Chronic malnutrition, which may be induced by a number of different experimental
      manipulations, appears, from a survey of the literature, to lead to greater
      relative whole-brain-weight variability in affected groups compared with
      controls; there is a tendency for the same pattern to emerge in the case of body
      weight variability. A hypothesis which might throw some light on this general
      trend is proposed.

PMID- 6436653
TI  - Aetiology of fatal viral hepatitis in Melbourne. A retrospective study.
AB  - In the period from January 1971 to June 1983, 46 of 5477 patients (0.84%)
      admitted to Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, with acute viral hepatitis died of
      fulminant hepatic failure. The case-fatality rate for patients with hepatitis A
      was 0.14%; for patients with hepatitis B, 0.84%; and for patients with non-A non
      B (NANB) hepatitis, 2.29%. The highest case-fatality rates were observed in
      patients with post-transfusion hepatitis B (18.8%), and in patients with NANB
      hepatitis aged less than 5 years (50%) and 40 years and over (10%).

PMID- 6436654
TI  - Another problem with Kinidin.

PMID- 6436656
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase independent bicarbonate reabsorption in rats with chronic
      papillary necrosis.
AB  - The present study was designed to indirectly localize the tubular sites of
      carbonic anhydrase independent bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat. Papillary
      necrosis was induced in rats by intravenous administration of bromoethyleneamine
      hydrobromide (BEA) 6 weeks prior to the study, in order to assess the role of
      deep nephrons in this process. Acetazolamide alone, acetazolamide plus amiloride,
      and acetazolamide, amiloride plus furosemide were infused into rats with intact
      papillae (groups I, III, V) and rats with BEA-induced papillary necrosis (groups
      II, IV, VI). Our results show that chronic papillary necrosis does not alter
      carbonic anhydrase independent bicarbonate reabsorption, since the fractional
      excretion of bicarbonate (FEHCO3) was not significantly higher when acetazolamide
      was infused into animals with BEA-induced papillary necrosis as compared to those
      rats with intact papillae (FEHCO3 group I vs. group II: NS). The addition of
      amiloride hydrochloride, a blocker of distal acidification at the administered
      doses, increased FEHCO3 significantly in both, animals with intact papillae and
      those with papillary necrosis, to a similar degree. The addition of furosemide to
      acetazolamide and amiloride further induced a significant increase in FEHCO3 only
      in the group of animals with papillary necrosis (FEHCO3 group V 43.0 +/- 2.9% vs.
      group VI 52.1 +/- 0.9%; p less than 0.05). It appears from our study that deeper
      nephrons and papillary structures are not indispensable for carbonic anhydrase
      independent bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat on a chronic basis. The cortical
      collecting duct appears to have a significant capacity to reabsorb bicarbonate
      independent of carbonic anhydrase which can be blocked by amiloride.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436657
TI  - A clinical trial of bupropion in the treatment of depressed outpatients.

PMID- 6436658
TI  - Evaluation of consumer complaints related to aspartame use.

PMID- 6436655
TI  - Bacterial toxins: cellular mechanisms of action.

PMID- 6436659
TI  - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--Europe.

PMID- 6436660
TI  - Trends in self-reported marijuana use among teenagers--Canada, 1981-1983.

PMID- 6436661
TI  - Shigellosis--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6436662
TI  - Epidemic typhus--Georgia.

PMID- 6436663
TI  - Impact of policy and procedure changes on hospital days among diabetic nursing
      home residents--Colorado.

PMID- 6436664
TI  - Influenza activity--Nevada.

PMID- 6436665
TI  - Poultry giblet-associated salmonellosis--Maine.

PMID- 6436666
TI  - Human rabies--Pennsylvania.

PMID- 6436667
TI  - Paralytic poliomyelitis--United States, 1982 and 1983.

PMID- 6436669
TI  - St. Louis encephalitis--California.

PMID- 6436668
TI  - Lead poisoning-associated death from Asian Indian folk remedies--Florida.

PMID- 6436670
TI  - Influenza activity--Northern Hemisphere, 1984.

PMID- 6436671
TI  - Reported cirrhosis mortality--United States, 1970-1980.

PMID- 6436672
TI  - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--United States.

PMID- 6436673
TI  - Analysis of trace metals for occupationally exposed workers.

PMID- 6436674
TI  - Streptococcal foodborne outbreaks--Puerto Rico, Missouri.

PMID- 6436675
TI  - Adult immunization. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory
      Committee. (ACIP).

PMID- 6436676
TI  - [Effects of immunosuppressive acidic protein on 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene
      (DMBA) induced pancreatic cancer in rats].
AB  - In order to determine the effect of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) on the
      formation of pancreatic carcinoma, rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were embedded
      with 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in the pancreas with and without
      administration of IAP as a promotor, which was purified from the ascites obtained
      from cancer bearing patients, to induce pancreatic carcinoma experimentally. In
      these animals, growth of pancreatic cancer was studied both immunologically and
      histologically. Out of 60 rats treated with embedding of 1 mg DMBA alone, tumor
      was induced in 51 animals (85%). Tumors began to appear from the 16th week after
      the embedding. Among animals in which tumor was induced, tubular adenocarcinoma
      and pleomorphic carcinoma accounted for 55% of the cases. When administration of
      IAP was combined, the period required for development of tumor was shortened. It
      became shorter with an increase in the dosage and frequency of administration of
      IAP. In animals received IAP at a mean dosage of 75 mg/kg the area showing
      cancerous changes appeared as early as at 8th week after the embedding of DMBA.
      The acceleration of carcinogenesis in DMBA induced pancreatic carcinoma may be
      attributable to the immunosuppressive effect of IAP administered and tend to be
      dependent on the dosage and frequency of its administration in the early phase of
      tumor induction.

PMID- 6436677
TI  - [Effect of total parenteral nutrition on the nutritional status and
      immunocompetence in host and on the tumor growth].
AB  - Present study was undertaken to reveal the effects of total parenteral nutrition
      (TPN) on the immunocompetence associated with nutritional status and on the tumor
      growth. The 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide induced Sato Lung Carcinoma was
      transplanted subcutaneously on the back of Donryu rats. Rats were controlled by
      TPN, low calorie infusion or oral feeding for one or two weeks. Each group was
      subdivided into chemotherapy and non chemotherapy group. Chemotherapy was
      performed with adriamycin or ACNU. Tumor bulk was bigger in the well nourished
      TPN rats than in malnourished group, revealing an accelerated tumor growth by
      TPN. Despite no significant change in polyamine level and phosphorylation
      activity, thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index in tumor were significantly
      higher in TPN than in low calorie infusion. Compared to the results of low
      calorie infusion, higher activity of IgG, IgM plaque forming cells and
      lymphocytic blastformation by PHA was suggested the good maintenance of both
      cellular and humoral immunity in well nourished rats. There was no positive
      evidence to support the facilitated effect of chemotherapeutic agents in TPN.
      However, TPN decreased an incidence of adverse reactions of chemotherapy such as
      loss of weight, leukopenia. Survival rate of rats at nine weeks after treatment
      also showed the favorable effect of TPN on chemotherapy.

PMID- 6436678
TI  - [Chemosensitivity to mitomycin C and cell kinetics of human tumor xenografts
      serially transplanted into nude mice].
AB  - Different chemosensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC) and cell kinetics were studied by
      using human tumor xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice. Two gastric
      adenocarcinomas (St-4; poorly differentiated, St-40; well differentiated) and two
      colon adenocarcinomas (Co-3; well differentiated, Co-4; poorly differentiated)
      were transplanted into the back of BALB/c nude mice subcutaneously. Three mg/kg
      of MMC was administered, q4d X 3, intraperitoneally. The effect of MMC in vivo
      was evaluated according to the protocol of Battelle Memorial Institute. The
      primary cultured tumor cells of the same strains were used for the
      chemosensitivity test in vitro, and the effect of MMC in vitro was tested by the
      inhibition rate of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation to cancer cells. Cell
      kinetics were analyzed by percent labeled mitosis curves obtained from 3H-TdR
      pulse labeling in vivo and by 3H-TdR incorporation to cancer cells in vitro.
      Although MMC suppressed the growth of St-40 and Co-4, it was found that St-4 and
      Co-3 were less sensitive to MMC in vivo. St-4, St-40 and Co-4 were observed to be
      sensitive to MMC in vitro. Growth fractions of transplanted tumors in vivo were
      correlated well to the chemosensitivity to MMC with statistical significance. St
      4, which was insensitive to MMC in vivo and sensitive in vitro, showed low growth
      fraction in vivo and increased 3H-TdR incorporation in vitro, suggesting the
      recruitment of G0 cells to growth fraction in vitro. The chemosensitivity of 4
      tumors to MMC was revealed to be correlated well to each growth fraction in vivo
      and in vitro.

PMID- 6436679
TI  - [Liver regeneration and the immune system. 1. In vitro and in vivo activation of
      lymphocytes by liver regeneration].
AB  - When syngeneic lymphocytes and mitomycin C (MMC) treated regenerating liver cells
      prepared from a partial hepatectomized mice are cultured together, the in vitro
      DNA synthetic response is activated (sMLHLR: syngeneic mixed hepatectomized liver
      cell-lymphocyte culture). Ia+ Kupffer cells play an important role as stimulators
      in the responses, since the stimulating activity of regenerating liver cells is
      lost by the pretreatment of them with anti-Ia monoclonal antibody plus complement
      or the removing Kupffer cells from them. The lymphocytes are activated also in
      vivo during liver regeneration after a partial hepatectomy. Because, when
      lymphocytes prepared from hepatectomized mice are cultured with regenerating
      liver cells, lymphocytes are stimulated to accelerate their DNA synthesis in a
      typical manner of the secondary immune responses (secondary sMLHLR). In primary
      sMLHLR, the responder cells are mainly Lyt-1+ whereas in secondary sMLHLR they
      are mainly Lyt-2+. The mechanism of changing the Lyt phenotype of major responder
      cells from Lyt-1 to Lyt-2 during sMLHLR is discussed.

PMID- 6436680
TI  - Failure of passive transfer in calves: comparison of field diagnosis methods.
AB  - Calves with serum immunoglobulin levels less than 800 mg/dl have a failure of
      passive transfer of maternal antibodies, those with 800-1600 mg/dl have a partial
      failure of passive transfer, and those with greater than 1600 mg/dl have adequate
      immunoglobulin levels. Tests for immunoglobulin level evaluation are most
      accurate when serum from healthy animals 1-8 days old is used. Of the sodium
      sulfite precipitation, zinc sulfate turbidity and glutaraldehyde coagulation
      tests, the first is the most useful field test for evaluation of serum
      immunoglobulin levels in calves. It is inexpensive, easy to perform and
      relatively accurate.

PMID- 6436681
TI  - Purification of p53/55 kinase from nuclear ribonucleoproteins of Namalwa cells.
AB  - A nuclear p53/55 protein kinase has been isolated from nuclear ribonucleoprotein
      particles from human tumor cells. The enzyme was purified approximately 2200-fold
      cell nuclei by sequential ribonuclease digestion of the RNP particles, DEAE
      cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. The kinase which was cAMP
      independent, catalyzed the phosphorylation of rabbit muscle glycogen synthase in
      the amino terminal domain, and conversion of the I to D form. The D synthase had
      a phosphorylation stoichiometry of 8 moles 32P per mole of synthase subunit with
      maximal specificity for ATP as phosphate donor; its Km was 30 microM. An
      antinucleolar antibody inhibited enzyme activity by 80%. Substrates for most
      other kinases were inactive. The kinase was essentially unaffected by the Walsh
      inhibitor, EGTA, regulatory subunits of protein kinase, calmodulin,
      trifluoperazine or heparin. Its activity was lost at 1 mM polyamine, but was
      enhanced 3-fold by MnCl2 and 4- to 9-fold by deoxymononucleotides. The nuclei of
      HeLa cells contained 64% of the total kinase of which 64% of the total kinase of
      which 11% were in nucleoli; the specific activity of the nucleolar kinase was
      twice that of the nuclear supernatant and four times that of the cytoplasmic
      kinase. These results indicate that nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles of
      human tumor cells contain a cAMP-independent protein kinase which is similar to
      glycogen synthase kinase.

PMID- 6436682
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase and cholinesterase induced by choline and
      its metabolic derivatives may contain a similar anionic peripheral site.
AB  - Different compounds derived from choline, and obtained by demethylation or by
      oxidation of the primary alcohol group with subsequent N-demethylation, were
      tested as inducer agents of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase in Ps.
      aeruginosa. It was found that betaine and dimethylglycine were the most effective
      inducers of both enzyme activities. These metabolites including choline itself,
      were not inducers of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase in other Gram-negative
      bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri,
      Enterobacter liquefacciens and Proteus mirabilis. The acid phosphatase activities
      found in these bacteria were not inhibited in vitro by choline, betaine and
      phosphorylcholine. From these results it may be concluded that the acid
      phosphatase activity from Ps. aeruginosa is different from the same activity
      observed in the other bacteria. In addition, it is also shown that Ps. aeruginosa
      acid phosphatase and cholinesterase were inhibited by a number of compounds
      containing a positively charged amino group, with methyl or ethyl groups bound to
      it. These results seem to confirm that Ps. aeruginosa acid phosphatase and
      cholinesterase may contain a similar anionic site.

PMID- 6436683
TI  - Fatty acyl-CoAs as feedback regulators of hexose monophosphate shunt in rat
      adipocytes.
AB  - The high basal glucose utilization through hexose monophosphate shunt found in
      our experimental conditions were almost completely inhibited by oleate, octanoate
      and caproate. However, the inhibition of glucose oxidation due to butyrate was
      about 50% whereas ketone bodies and acetate did not inhibit. The rate of
      triacylglycerol formation was not significantly modified with the above organic
      acids except oleate that presented a 5-fold increase on labeling incorporation
      into lipids. Oleate inhibition of glucose oxidation was completely prevented by
      the NADPH oxidant menadione. There was no inhibition by octanoate, caproate,
      butyrate or ketone bodies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase or malic enzyme in adipose tissue homogenates. In
      contrast, specifically glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by oleoyl
      CoA. The oleoyl-CoA inhibition was prevented by enzyme preincubation with low
      NADP concentration. The data lend further support for the hypothesis that fatty
      acids and NADP fulfill an important role in the modulation of the hexose
      monophosphate shunt activity.

PMID- 6436684
TI  - The immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch.

PMID- 6436685
TI  - Differential regulation of the 70K heat shock gene and related genes in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a family of genes related to Hsp70, the major
      heat shock gene of Drosophila melanogaster. The transcription of three of these
      genes, which show no conservation of sequences 5' to the protein-coding region,
      was analyzed. The 5' flanking regions from the three genes were fused to the
      Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase structural gene and introduced into yeasts on
      multicopy plasmids, putting the beta-galactosidase production under yeast
      promoter control. Analysis of beta-galactosidase mRNA and protein production in
      these transformed strains revealed that transcription from the three promoters is
      differentially regulated. The number of transcripts from one promoter is vastly
      increased for a brief period after heat shock, whereas mRNA from another
      declines. Transcripts from a third gene are slightly enhanced upon heat shock;
      however, multiple 5' ends of the mRNA are found, and a minor species increases in
      amount after heat shock. Transcription of these promoters in their native state
      on the chromosome appears to be modulated in the same manner.

PMID- 6436686
TI  - Sequences responsible for transcription termination on a gene segment in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have mapped a signal sequence for mRNA 3'-end formation in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae by using a Drosophila melanogaster DNA segment that complements a
      yeast adenine-8 mutation. That the 3' end of the transcript in S. cerevisiae
      nearly coincides with that in D. melanogaster is consistent with the possibility
      that mRNA termini are similarly determined in both organisms. Deletion analysis
      reveals that the complete signal is no more than 21 base pairs long. Part of the
      signal is the sequence TTTTTATA, which is seen in the termination region of
      several yeast genes. TTTTTATA appears to be able to act autonomously as a partial
      termination signal. The efficiency of the complete signal is affected by
      substitution of sequences downstream from it. This modulation of the effect of a
      signal is consistent with termination in S. cerevisiae, resembling rho-dependent
      termination in bacteria.

PMID- 6436687
TI  - Discontinuous DNA replication of Drosophila melanogaster is primed by
      octaribonucleotide primer.
AB  - To investigate the precise structure of eucaryotic primer RNA made in vivo, short
      DNA chains isolated from nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster embryos were analyzed.
      Post-labeling of 5' ends of short DNA chains with polynucleotide kinase and
      [gamma-32P]ATP revealed that 7% of the DNA fragments were covalently linked with
      mono- to octaribonucleotide primers at their 5' ends. Octaribonucleotides, the
      major component (ca. 30%), formed the cap structure in the reaction with vaccinia
      guanylyltransferase and [alpha-32P]GTP, indicating that they were the intact
      primer RNA with tri- (or di-) phosphate termini, and the shorter ribooligomers
      were degradation intermediates. The intact primers started with purine (A/G
      ratio, 4:1), and the starting few ribonucleotide residues were rich in A.

PMID- 6436688
TI  - Microinjection of pp60v-src into Xenopus oocytes increases phosphorylation of
      ribosomal protein S6 and accelerates the rate of progesterone-induced meiotic
      maturation.
AB  - Microinjection of purified pp60v-src into Xenopus oocytes caused the
      phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on serine residues and also increased
      total protein phosphorylation, with almost a two-fold increase in the percentage
      of phosphotyrosine present. In addition, pp60v-src accelerated the time course of
      progesterone-induced oocyte maturation, suggesting that the biochemical pathway
      influenced by pp60v-src is related to that induced by progesterone.

PMID- 6436689
TI  - High-resolution mapping of DNase I-hypersensitive sites of Drosophila heat shock
      genes in Drosophila melanogaster and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - High-resolution analysis of the chromatin structure of the promoter regions of
      five Drosophila heat shock genes showed a similar location for the hypersensitive
      sequences relative to the start of transcription. For each of the five genes
      examined--those coding for hsp27, hsp26, hsp23, hsp70, and hsp83--the DNase I
      hypersensitive sites in Drosophila melanogaster nuclei mapped to two regions
      upstream of the coding region. These sites occurred on the average, 115 and 17
      base pairs upstream from the start of transcription of the five heat shock genes
      examined. This latter site corresponded to sequences at or near the TATA
      consensus sequence. Sites even further upstream of the hsp27, hsp26, and hsp83
      genes were also evident. Additionally, for the two genes examined--hsp70 and
      hsp83--the DNase I-hypersensitive sites were preserved, at least within this
      level of resolution (+/- 10 base pairs), when the Drosophila genes were
      integrated into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. This result indicates that
      the signals responsible for generating these hypersensitive sites are inherent in
      the DNA sequences and, in this case, are not highly species specific.

PMID- 6436690
TI  - Isolation of a cDNA clone complementary to sequences for a 34-kilodalton protein
      which is a pp60v-src substrate.
AB  - We have isolated a partial cDNA clone containing sequences complementary to a
      mRNA encoding a 34- to 36-kilodalton normal chicken cell protein which is a
      substrate for pp60v-src kinase activity. Using this 34-kilodalton cDNA clone as a
      probe, we determined that the size of the 34-kilodalton mRNA was 1,100
      nucleotides and the level of the 34-kilodalton RNA was the same in various
      tissues of mature chickens but was significantly higher in chicken embryo
      fibroblast cells.

PMID- 6436691
TI  - [Inpatient and ambulatory long-term care of diabetic children and adolescents and
      their parents].

PMID- 6436692
TI  - [C-reactive protein--determined by radial immunodiffusion and compared to the
      latex agglutination method].
AB  - C-reactive protein were assayed both with immunodiffusion and precipitation on
      latex C-reactive protein in 216 samples of sera from newborns with suspected
      septicemia. Both methods correlated well (r = 0.92) rendering the second one
      rather useful for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, since it produces results
      within a few minutes independent of complicated apparatus or trained personal.

PMID- 6436693
TI  - Peyer's patch lymphocytes express natural cytotoxicity but not natural killer
      activity.
AB  - The distribution of natural cytotoxic (NC) cells in the gut-associated lymphoid
      tissues (GALT) and in peripheric lymphoid organs was analyzed in comparison to
      that of natural killer (NK) cells. It was found that cells from the intestinal
      epithelium, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen possess significant levels of NC
      and NK activity, whereas in thymus and popliteal lymph nodes both the natural
      activities are negligible. As previously shown for splenocytes, the NC activity
      of GALT cells is detectable in the 16-hour assays and not in the 4-hour assays.
      Interestingly, Peyer patches lymphocytes (PPL) possess extremely high NC activity
      but no NK activity. The NC activity of PPL is still high in NK-deficient mouse
      strains such as A/J and SJL/J. To further support the observation that the
      effector PPL are truly NC cells, it was shown that, as previously reported for
      spleen NC activity, overnight incubation at 37 degrees C of the lymphocytes only
      marginally affected the cytotoxicity of PPL, which could in turn be augmented by
      interleukin-3 (IL-3) containing supernatants. On the contrary, IL-2 could not
      increase NC or NK activity by PPL whilst augmenting NK activity of splenocytes.
      Thus, for the first time a cell population is identified which expresses only NC
      activity and not NK and which can be positively regulated only by IL-3.

PMID- 6436694
TI  - Powerful mutagenicity of a bipyridylium herbicide in a nitrogen-fixing blue-green
      alga Nostoc muscorum.
AB  - The herbicide, paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium ion), was found to be
      toxic and lytic to Nostoc muscorum in N2 (at the expense of elemental nitrogen,
      i.e. unsupplemented with any combined nitrogen source) and NO-3 media, without
      any apparent inhibitory or stimulatory effect on its nitrogen-fixing apparatus,
      i.e. heterocyst formation. At a dose of paraquat resulting in 20, 50 and 75%
      survival, induction of reverse mutations (from het- nif- auxotrophy to het+ nif+
      prototrophy), forward mutations (for streptomycin [St]-resistance), and
      auxotrophic mutations (carbon-auxotrophy through methylamine [MA]-resistance)
      were observed with frequencies comparable to those obtained through induction
      with the well known mutagen MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine).

PMID- 6436695
TI  - Mouse spot tests with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene with and without phenobarbital
      pretreatment.
AB  - Mouse spot tests using dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were carried out on PW
      strain male mice and female C57BL/6 mice. DMBA induced somatic gene mutations in
      developing mouse embryonic cells. Pretreatment of pregnant females with
      phenobarbital (PB) reduced the incidence of somatic mutation by DMBA. The testes
      of males treated with DMBA in utero, whether treated with PB or not, showed
      severe retardation of development. The amount of cytochrome p-450 in the liver of
      C57BL/6 females increased about 2-fold by the pretreatment schedule, carried out
      on days 10-12 of pregnancy.

PMID- 6436696
TI  - Dose-related kinetics of aspirin. Presystemic acetylation of platelet
      cyclooxygenase.
AB  - When aspirin is administered by mouth in low doses, poor systemic bioavailability
      may contribute to its apparent dose-related "selective inhibition" of thromboxane
      A2 formation. Systemic bioavailability of orally administered aspirin is
      necessary to inhibit prostacyclin synthesis by systemic vascular endothelium,
      whereas cumulative inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation by platelets may occur
      in the presystemic (portal) circulation. We simultaneously administered unlabeled
      aspirin orally and deuterium-labeled aspirin intravenously in five healthy
      volunteers. This permitted an estimation of the bioavailability of an oral dose
      from the ratio of plasma drug concentration-time curves for the labeled and the
      unlabeled species. Systemic bioavailability ranged from 46 to 51 per cent of
      single oral doses of 20, 40, 325, and 1300 mg of aspirin. Bioavailability was
      similar after single-dose and long-term oral administration of 325 mg.
      Thromboxane B2 formation in serum ex vivo after oral administration of 20 mg of
      unlabeled aspirin was reduced 39 per cent before aspirin was detected in the
      systemic circulation. Furthermore, incubation of simulated peak plasma aspirin
      concentrations in whole blood in vitro underestimated the inhibition of
      thromboxane B2 ex vivo after oral administration of 20 or 40 mg of unlabeled
      aspirin. These data are consistent with presystemic inhibition of platelets by
      aspirin and suggest that biochemical "selectivity" might be enhanced by slow
      administration of very low doses of aspirin, thereby optimizing conditions for
      cumulative, presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase and inhibition of
      thromboxane formation.

PMID- 6436697
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 45-1984. Oliguric renal failure of uncertain cause in a 61-year
      old man.

PMID- 6436699
TI  - Diagnosis-related groups and hospital costs.

PMID- 6436698
TI  - Factor VIII activity and factor VIII-related antigen in infants with viral
      bronchiolitis.

PMID- 6436700
TI  - Leuprolide versus diethylstilbestrol for metastatic prostate cancer.
AB  - We compared the efficacy and safety of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      analogue, leuprolide (1 mg subcutaneously daily), with diethylstilbestrol (DES, 3
      mg by mouth daily) in patients with prostate cancer and distant metastases (Stage
      D2) who had not previously received systemic treatment. Initial therapy
      (leuprolide or DES) was continued for as long as an objective response was noted;
      cross-over to the alternative arm occurred at the time of disease progression or
      intolerable adverse reactions. Ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned to
      leuprolide, and 101 to DES. Suppression of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
      and decreases in acid phosphatase were comparable in the two groups. Patients
      receiving DES experienced more frequent painful gynecomastia (P less than
      0.00001), nausea and vomiting (P = 0.02), edema (P = 0.008), and thromboembolism
      (P = 0.065) than those receiving leuprolide. The leuprolide group reported more
      "hot flashes" (P = 0.00001). Overall, 86 per cent of the leuprolide group had an
      objective response (complete response, 1 per cent; partial response, 37 per cent;
      stable disease, 48 per cent), as compared with 85 per cent of the DES group
      (complete, 2 per cent; partial, 44 per cent; stable, 39 per cent). Actual
      survival rates at one year were 87 per cent for the leuprolide group and 78 per
      cent for the DES group (P = 0.17). We conclude that leuprolide offers an
      important alternative treatment that is therapeutically equivalent to and causes
      fewer side effects than DES for the initial systemic management of metastatic
      prostate cancer.

PMID- 6436701
TI  - Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer.

PMID- 6436702
TI  - Implications of DRGs for clinicians.

PMID- 6436703
TI  - Hospital readmissions in the Medicare population.
AB  - In order to examine the proportion of Medicare expenditures attributable to
      repeated admissions to the hospital, we assessed the frequency with which 270,266
      randomly selected Medicare beneficiaries were readmitted after hospital discharge
      between 1974 and 1977. Twenty-two per cent of Medicare hospitalizations were
      followed by a readmission within 60 days of discharge. Medicare spent over $2.5
      billion per year (24 per cent of Medicare inpatient expenditures) on such
      readmissions between 1974 and 1977. Analogous expenditures in 1984 could approach
      $8 billion. Even a small decrease in the readmission rate could result in
      substantial savings for the Medicare program. The recently enacted prospective
      payment legislation, however, creates economic incentives that could increase
      readmission rates. Attempts by professional review organizations or others to
      develop hospital readmission profiles will need to control for patient and
      hospital characteristics that are correlated with the likelihood of readmission.
      Further study of such characteristics could help identify high-risk patient
      groups for whom increased outpatient supports might prove cost effective.

PMID- 6436704
TI  - Elevated dopa levels in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6436705
TI  - Feeding the demented elderly.

PMID- 6436706
TI  - Impaired growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing factor in obesity.
      A pituitary defect reversed with weight reduction.
AB  - To investigate whether the impaired growth hormone secretion associated with
      obesity is a result of a hypothalamic or a pituitary disorder and whether it is a
      cause or a consequence of obesity, we studied plasma growth hormone responses to
      growth hormone-releasing factor in morbidly obese patients before
      gastrointestinal surgical therapy, in formerly obese subjects who had lost
      considerable weight postoperatively, and in non-obese controls. Growth hormone
      secretion was also assessed in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (in seven
      patients preoperatively and four postoperatively). In patients studied
      preoperatively, growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing factor were
      markedly impaired (P less than 0.001 as compared with controls), whereas in
      patients studied postoperatively they were partially restored to normal (P less
      than 0.05 as compared with those studied preoperatively). Growth hormone
      responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were similarly diminished in obese
      patients studied before operation (P less than 0.02). The growth hormone response
      to growth hormone-releasing factor was inversely correlated with the percentage
      of ideal body weight (P less than 0.01) and directly correlated with the growth
      hormone response to insulin (P less than 0.01). The impaired responsiveness to
      growth hormone-releasing factor suggests that the diminished response to insulin
      hypoglycemia is mediated by an impaired pituitary response to endogenous growth
      hormone-releasing factor. The reversibility of the defect after weight reduction
      suggests that it is a consequence rather than a cause of obesity.

PMID- 6436707
TI  - The relationship of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus with reference
      to production of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid.
AB  - Forty-seven isolates of Aspergillus parasiticus were analyzed for production of
      aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and cyclopiazonic acid. None produced cyclopiazonic
      acid, whereas 46 of 47 produced aflatoxins B1 and G1. These data are related to
      previous studies pertaining to A. flavus and illustrate species validity from a
      biochemical standpoint.

PMID- 6436708
TI  - Recent studies on aspergillosis in turkey poults.
AB  - A review of the studies on aspergillosis in turkey poults at the National Animal
      Disease Center include limited field studies, pathogenicity studies, and vaccine
      development. Natural ventilation in turkey rearing houses was effective in
      reducing airborne propagules of four major fungal genera, but the effectiveness
      of ventilation appeared to be limited by the width of the building. Aspergillus
      fumigatus was more effective than A. flavus in producing mortalities in aerosol
      exposed poults. Toxigenicity of A. flavus did not enhance its pathogenicity, and
      no apparent aflatoxin production occurred during pathogenesis in infected turkey
      poults. Spores of A. fumigatus were disseminated quite rapidly in poults exposed
      to aerosols, and alveolar macrophages from respiratory lavages taken immediately
      after exposure contained spores of A. fumigatus. Vaccines produced from germlings
      of A. fumigatus and administered to turkey poults were the most efficacious of
      five vaccines tested against challenge exposure to aerosols of A. fumigatus
      spores.

PMID- 6436709
TI  - [Antibacterial and genotoxic properties of 33 mycotoxins].
AB  - Most of the 33 fungal metabolites tested provoke: Bacterial growth inhibition of
      Bacillus thuringiensis similar to lethal effect of antibiotics. Positive response
      in the 'Rec' assay using strains of Bacillus subtilis; this fact shows that these
      toxins are DNA modifying agents. Enlargement of cell volume in the first bacteria
      species; this cell-abnormality induction resembles those obtained with mitomycin
      C. Correlation between elongation of cells (filamentation) and in vivo
      carcinogenicity of mycotoxins is discussed. The filamentation should be an
      expression of a perturbated DNA replication (S.O.S.-error prone repair) as the
      consequence of DNA damages induced by genotoxic agents (i.e. carcinogens).

PMID- 6436710
TI  - Effect of phytate on aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus parasiticus and
      Aspergillus flavus in synthetic media.
AB  - The effect of phytate on the production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus
      and Aspergillus flavus grown on synthetic media was examined. In the absence of
      pH control (initial pH 4.5-6.5) for A. parasiticus, phytate (14.3 mM) caused a
      six-fold decrease in aflatoxins in the medium and a ten-fold decrease in those
      retained by the mycelia. When the initial pH of the medium was adjusted to 4.5 no
      effect on aflatoxin production was observed. With A. flavus or A. parasiticus
      grown on media with a higher initial pH value (6 to 7), the presence of phytate
      in the media caused an increase in aflatoxin production. These results are
      inconsistent with previous studies which indicated that phytate depresses
      aflatoxin production by rendering zinc, a necessary co-factor for aflatoxin
      biosynthesis, unavailable to the mold.

PMID- 6436711
TI  - [Acidophilus milk for therapy in gastrointestinal disorders].
AB  - A new developed Acidophilus milk has been introduced as therapy in different
      disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The milk contains acid resistant tribes
      of L. acidophilus and is fortified with vitamins, its fat content is low. The
      passage of alive L. acidophilus could be proved. The preparation showed a clear
      response in patients suffering from intestinal disorders due to an application of
      antibiotics and in patients with constipations.

PMID- 6436712
TI  - [Immunostimulation in an animal model using intestinal bacteria preparations].
AB  - The treatment of mice with an injection preparation consisting of killed R-tribes
      of non-pathogenous E. coli caused an increase in microbicidic activities in the
      animal's blood and effects a significant protection against consecutive
      infections with Salmonella typhimurium. The enhancement of the animal' resistance
      capacity appears to be non-specific, and connected with the activity of
      leucocytes. Oral application of preparations of intestinal bacteria led to
      increased resistance against consecutive infections with Salmonella typhimurium
      and Haemophilus influenzae. Three different oral vaccines have been used:
      Streptococcus faecalis and E. coli, a viable vaccine of non-pathogenous
      Streptococcus faecalis and a viable vaccine of E. coli. The enhancement of the
      resistance can be attributed to an induction of the chemotactic efficiency of the
      animal neutrophilic cells. The chemotactic response of these cells seems to be
      enhanced. The mode of action of both the other oral vaccines remains obscure.

PMID- 6436713
TI  - Biochemical activity of intestinal microflora in adult coeliac disease.
AB  - In order to answer up to now open questions regarding the role of the microflora
      in the pathophysiology of adult coeliac disease the excretion of bacterial
      metabolites in urine has been followed. Unusual high outputs of p-cresol and/or
      phenol were found in almost all patient, whereas an increased excretion of
      indican could be observed in a few persons, only. The response to short-term
      antibacterial therapy was variable.

PMID- 6436714
TI  - Anthropology: supertramps at sea.

PMID- 6436716
TI  - Potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release by thiourea and thiourea
      derivatives.
AB  - The effect of thiourea and its derivatives, including methyl- and
      propylthiouracil as well as the imidazole derivative thiamazole on glucose
      induced insulin secretion from incubated rat pancreatic islets was studied.
      Additionally, the effect of a single oral dose of propylthiouracil on plasma
      insulin and glucose tolerance was tested in anaesthetized rats. In the presence
      of 2.8 mM glucose, neither thiourea nor methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil or
      thiamazole stimulated the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets. However,
      in the presence of 11.1 mM glucose all of the above compounds augmented the
      insulin-releasing properties of glucose in a concentration-related manner
      propylthiouracil being the most potent drug. Propylthiouracil (100 and 200 mg/kg
      body weight) significantly augmented insulin secretion in vivo in response to
      i.v. glucose (0.5 g/kg). Accordingly, the rate constant of glucose elimination (K
      value) was increased. The data suggest that thiourea-containing chemical
      compounds sensitize pancreatic islets to the insulin-triggering action of
      glucose.

PMID- 6436715
TI  - The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of turpentine in the rat.
AB  - The influence of counter irritation by turpentine on carrageenan-oedema,
      leucocyte count, plasma kininogen stores and composition of sponge-induced
      exudates has been investigated in the rat. Counter irritation reduced the
      carrageenan-oedema in normal as well as in adrenalectomized rats. It induced
      leucopenia with lymphopenia but did not modify the plasma kininogen stores. In
      turpentine-pretreated rats, the exudates induced by sponge implantation 18 h
      previously had a lower content in leucocytes. Their levels in beta-glucuronidase
      and beta-galactosidase were slightly reduced, their content in PGE2 was not
      modified and their level in malonaldehyde was increased. The exudates induced by
      sponge implantation 4 h previously had a lower content in leucocytes and PGE2
      while their level in kinins was not modified. The mechanism of the anti
      inflammatory effect of counter irritation by turpentine is discussed. We suggest
      that the main factor involved is a decrease in leucocyte accumulation into the
      exudates.

PMID- 6436717
TI  - The future of hepatology.

PMID- 6436718
TI  - Rapidly progressive ('crescentic') glomerulonephritis and monoclonal
      gammapathies.
AB  - In 3 patients rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis revealed plasma cell
      dyscrasia in 2 cases and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in the 3rd. Renal biopsy
      showed proliferative glomerulonephritis with marked endo- and extracapillary
      (crescentic) proliferation. In case 1, corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide
      favorably influenced the course of the disease. The 2nd patient was not treated
      and went on to maintenance hemodialysis. In the 3rd case, plasma exchange and
      cytotoxic drugs allowed discontinuation of hemodialysis. Thirteen other cases of
      proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with monoclonal gammapathies have
      been described in the literature, including 3 with crescents. B-cell dyscrasia
      should be considered a possible etiology in a patient with crescentic
      glomerulonephritis. In such case we show that treatment of the hematologic
      disorder can be followed by a dramatic improvement of renal function.

PMID- 6436719
TI  - Variations of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein in humans during the first thirty
      years of life.
AB  - A systematic study was undertaken to evaluate the urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein
      (THP), creatinine and total protein elimination in 76 normal subjects divided
      into five groups during the first 30 years of life. This shows that urinary THP
      flow, relating to body surface area, increases progressively up to adult age.

PMID- 6436720
TI  - Comparison between mannitol and saline infusion in HgCl2-induced acute renal
      failure.
AB  - The effect of isotonic mannitol and saline in the early phase of mercuric
      chloride-(HgCl2-)induced acute renal failure (ARF) in the dog was evaluated.
      During the first 3 h after HgCl2 alone, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell
      from 1.94 +/- 0.14 to 1.04 +/- 0.11 and renal blood flow (RBF) from 13.99 +/-
      1.18 to 7.28 +/- 0.77 ml/min X kg BW. Isotonic mannitol alone resulted in a fall
      of GFR by 22% (p less than 0.05 vs. control), but the subsequent administration
      of HgCl2 could not induce a further fall in GFR and RBF. A similar, if somewhat
      less pronounced, protective effect was observed when mannitol was started
      simultaneously with or 2 h after the HgCl2 injection. Infusion of isotonic saline
      at the same rate as mannitol did not prevent a fall of GFR and RBF from a
      premercury value of 2.33 +/- 0.31 to 1.36 +/- 0.26 and 16.83 +/- 3.06 to 9.30 +/-
      2.65 ml/min X kg BW, respectively. In contrast, massive doses of isotonic saline,
      provoking urinary volume and solute losses comparable to those observed with
      mannitol, stabilized GFR after HgCl2 at the normal level (delta GFR = -3%). No
      relationship between delta GFR and urinary Hg excretion or renal tissue Hg
      content could be established. In summary, isotonic mannitol prevented the fall of
      GFR normally observed in the early phase of HgCl2-induced ARF. This effect was
      not volume mediated and not due to a higher Hg excretion. The protection was
      correlated with its osmotic diuretic effect.

PMID- 6436721
TI  - [Urinary myelin bodies and the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides].
AB  - In a significant number of cases, the administration of aminoglycosides induces
      renal failure. Electron microscopy has now shown that the renal lesion is mainly
      characterised by the appearance of myelin figures (myeloid bodies) in lysosomes
      of proximal convoluted tubules. These figures are then eliminated by urinary
      excretion. The search for and quantification of the myelin figures in urinary
      sediment seems to us to link the renal failure to the administration of
      aminoglycosides. Our study is based on 75 patients: 54 received aminoglycosides
      and 21 were controls. In each case myelin figures in the urinary sediment were
      grouped into one of 6 classes (O to V) according to their quantity. Comparison of
      the results with clinical factors showed 3 different correlations: 1) between the
      presence of myelin figures in the urine and the administration of
      aminoglycosides; 2) between the quantity of myelin figures and the accumulated
      dose of aminoglycosides; 3) between the quantity of myelin figures and obvious
      renal failure. The absence of myelin figures in control patients attests to their
      diagnostic value. Urine analysis to detect myelin figure appears to be a reliable
      technique in confirming the aminoglycoside's origin of an acute renal failure. It
      would also aid in determining and evaluating aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in
      animal experimentation and human pathology. Since this method is non invasive,
      repeated studies are possible in man as well as animals.

PMID- 6436722
TI  - Role of synaptosomal Na-accumulation in transmitter release.
AB  - The mechanism whereby Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitors such as ouabain trigger
      transmitter release in a calcium-independent manner remains obscure. We have
      examined the possible role of intra-synaptosomal sodium ion accumulation in
      ouabain-induced acetylcholine (ACh) release by: 1) Measuring 22Na accumulation in
      cat cortical synaptosomes in the presence of ouabain, A23187, veratridine, or
      strophanthidin over the same time course in which we previously determined their
      effects on ACh release; and 2) measuring synaptosomal 22Na accumulation and ACh
      release in the presence of ouabain plus tetrodotoxin in normal or calcium-free
      buffer. Our results indicate that tetrodotoxin-dependent 22Na accumulation is at
      least partially responsible for ouabain-induced ACh release in normal and calcium
      free media, but that this ion-accumulation per se is not sufficient to elicit
      release with other secretogogues.

PMID- 6436723
TI  - Substrate specificity and distribution of acid beta-galactosidase activities in
      seizure-susceptible and non-susceptible strains of mice.
AB  - The properties and distribution of beta-galactosidase were studied in the mouse
      brain using the artificial substrate methylumbelliferyl-beta-galactoside. Enzyme
      activities were compared between an audiogenic seizure-susceptible mouse strain
      (DBA/2) and three non-susceptible strains of mice (BALB/c, C3H/He and Swiss A2G).
      At all ages, DBA/2 mice have significantly lower beta-galactosidase activity
      compared with the three other mouse strains: this is attributed to the different
      alleles present at the Bgs locus. The low activity of beta-galactosidase is also
      evident when the natural substrate GMl-ganglioside is hydrolyzed. In contrast to
      this low GMl-ganglioside-beta-galactosidase activity, there is no difference in
      the activity of the second form of acid beta-galactosidase, galactosylceramidase,
      in DBA/2 mice at 7 and 14 days. However, at 21 and 28 days the activity is
      significantly lower in DBA/2 mice compared with the other strains of mice. These
      results on beta-galactosidase activity in the brain of seizure-susceptible and
      non-susceptible mice are discussed in relation to published levels of GMl
      ganglioside and galactosylceramide present in the developing mouse brain.

PMID- 6436724
TI  - Comparative stimulation of growth hormone secretion in anaesthetized chickens by
      human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF) and thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH).
AB  - Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were elevated in anaesthetized male
      domestic fowl following the intravenous administration of either synthetic human
      pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-44 (NH2) (hpGRF) or synthetic thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH). In 6-week-old chicks the plasma GH level was elevated
      between 5 and 10 min after the injection of hpGRF at doses between 1 and 80
      micrograms/kg. The magnitude of the response increased with doses of hpGRF
      between 1 and 10 micrograms/kg but declined with higher doses. The GH
      concentration rapidly declined between 10 and 20 min and between 20 and 40 min
      after injection. The administration of TRH had similar effects on GH secretion,
      although the responses were greater than with comparable doses of hpGRF, and the
      most effective dose (1-1.4 micrograms/kg) was less than with hpGRF. In
      anaesthetized adult cockerels GH secretion was also increased by the
      administration of hpGRF (1-20 micrograms/kg) or TRH (0.1-80 micrograms/kg) and in
      both cases the dose-response relationship was biphasic. The maximal response to
      TRH in adult birds was again greater than that produced by hpGRF although the
      response was less than that elicited in immature birds and required a higher dose
      (20 micrograms/kg) of TRH. The optimal dose of hpGRF and the magnitude of the GH
      response induced in adult birds was comparable with that in immature chicks.
      These results demonstrate provocative effects of TRH and hpGRF on GH secretion in
      the domestic fowl. The sensitivity of the GH response to TRH suggests that it may
      have a physiological role in the hypothalamic control of GH secretion.

PMID- 6436725
TI  - Smoldering encephalitis in children.
AB  - Five children presented with focal seizures and neurological deficits that
      progressed over a span of months to years. Three had temporal lobectomy to
      control seizures, one underwent temporal lobe biopsy, and the fifth, who suffered
      from immunodeficiency, had an occipital lobectomy to remove a mass. Two of the
      children expired. Neuropathological findings in all five children were consistent
      with a persistent active "viral" encephalitis. No infectious agent was
      identified. None of the children had the usual systemic signs of encephalitis and
      all lacked an inflammatory response in their cerebrospinal fluid. We conjecture
      that this condition may be more frequent than realized. Besides causing
      intractable focal seizures and hemiparesis, it may account for other poorly
      understood syndromes of childhood with deteriorating behavior.

PMID- 6436726
TI  - Unexplained bilateral occipital calcification and reduced vision.
AB  - An eight year-old girl, investigated because of convulsions, was found to have
      isolated bilateral presumably cortical and subcortical calcification, reduced
      visual acuity and prolonged visual evoked response latencies. There were no
      clinical manifestations of a phakomatosis.

PMID- 6436727
TI  - Motoneurone excitability during antidromically evoked inhibition after
      administration of a thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) analogue.
AB  - Acute experiments have been performed in urethane anaesthetised rats to determine
      the effect of a TRH analogue (RX77368) on the excitability of motoneurone pools
      in the lumbar region of the spinal cord to paired antidromic stimuli ( interval
      10ms) delivered to the ventral root, by measuring the field potentials produced.
      Following the response (CR) to the first stimulus (conditioning stimulus), the
      response (TR) to the second stimulus (test stimulus) is reduced in size. In
      control experiments, the greater the amplitude of CR, the smaller TR becomes.
      After RX77368 injection, CR progressively increases over the initial post
      injection period. It would be expected therefore that during this time there
      would be a progressive decline in TR relative to CR. It has been shown however,
      that over this period there is no decline of TR relative to CR. There is
      speculation on a possible role of putative neuromodulators such as TRH in the
      maintenance of control parameters during motoneurone recruitment and/or increases
      in discharge frequency.

PMID- 6436728
TI  - TSH-response patterns to TRH stimulation may indicate therapeutic mechanisms of
      antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs.
AB  - The study was designed to investigate, by weekly thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      tests, possible patterns of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) responses which may
      indicate therapeutic mechanisms of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs in
      patients with depressive and paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome during their process
      of recovery (3-9 weeks). 65 depressed women and 33 paranoid-hallucinatory women
      have been studied while on antidepressant (clomipramine) or neuroleptic
      (haloperidol) treatment, respectively. Four patterns of TSH response were
      observed. Patients with a pattern of a 'disblunting TSH response' (normalization
      of an abnormal low response) during drug treatment had a significantly higher
      chance to recover compared to patients with other TSH response patterns. This
      finding was independent of psychopathological features and drugs used for
      treatment. A hypothesis of 'malactivation' as a pathogenetic indicator of various
      psychotic states is being presented.

PMID- 6436729
TI  - Cortisol changes in long-term lithium therapy.
AB  - a.m. and p.m. serum cortisol levels were investigated in a group of 53 patients
      before the start of long-term lithium therapy (I) and again after 4 months (II)
      and 12 months (III) on lithium. The patients were assessed by means of the CPRS
      and scores for 28 depression items were calculated. When 5 patients with
      manic/hypomanic scores were excluded the remainder (n = 48) showed a significant
      decrease in a.m. serum cortisol levels after 1 year on lithium. Those patients
      with the greatest differences between the CPRS scores before lithium and after 12
      months on lithium also displayed significant differences between a.m. and p.m.
      cortisol levels before the start of lithium and after 12 months of lithium
      therapy.

PMID- 6436730
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase activity in rat
      peripheral sensory and motor nerves, dorsal root ganglia and dorsal column
      nuclei.
AB  - Some of the myelinated axons in rat peripheral nerves possess marked axoplasmic
      carbonic anhydrase activity [Riley, Ellis and Bain (1982) J. Histochem. Cytochem.
      30, 1275-1288; Riley and Lang (1984) J. Hand Surg. 9A, 112-120]. A mixture of
      reactive and nonreactive neurons was a general observation in cervical, thoracic
      and lumbar ganglia. Nonmyelinated axons in lumbar dorsal roots were nonreactive;
      this was consistent with the lack of carbonic anhydrase in small sensory neurons.
      The carbonic anhydrase cytochemical method marked the larger afferent or sensory
      neurons and distinguished them from the smaller sensory neurons which were devoid
      of carbonic anhydrase activity. Nonmyelinated axons in the lumbar ventral roots
      were also nonreactive. Examination of muscle spindle innervation revealed
      staining of the primary sensory and gamma motor endings. This was strongly
      suggestive that some of the reactive sensory neurons were primary afferents and a
      portion of the reactive ventral root axons were gamma motor. The reactive central
      processes of spinal neurons sent collaterals into the grey matter of the spinal
      cord, entered the dorsal funiculi, and terminated in synaptic glomeruli in the
      cuneate and gracilis nuclei. Oligodendroglial cells appeared to be the only
      intrinsic cellular elements of the brain stem and spinal cord that exhibited high
      carbonic anhydrase activity. Both oligodendroglial and Schwann cells exhibited
      intense carbonic anhydrase activity in thin pockets of cytoplasm internal to
      compact myelin. The subcellular distribution of reaction product within sensory
      neurons and oligodendroglial cells agreed with biochemical reports of cytosol and
      membrane-bound forms of carbonic anhydrase. A general staining of the cytoplasm
      was suggestive of soluble carbonic anhydrase fixed in situ by the glutaraldehyde.
      Clumps of reaction product on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic
      reticulum possibly represented membrane-bound enzyme. Most of the membrane-bound
      carbonic anhydrase was associated with the internal membranes rather than the
      axolemma or limiting plasma membrane of the axon. In contrast to biochemical
      reports, a small fraction of neuronal mitochondria exhibited staining in the
      intracristal spaces. We suggest that the association of carbonic anhydrase with
      endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria implicates the enzyme in regulating
      intracellular calcium because both organelles are known to sequester calcium.

PMID- 6436731
TI  - Treatment of parkinsonism with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine: a
      pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - We have examined the kinetics of oral L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS)
      alone and combined with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors in patients with
      Parkinson's disease and other degenerative diseases of the brain. Combined
      administration of L-threo-DOPS and carbidopa or benserazide produced higher
      plasma concentrations of L-threo-DOPS and suppressed the increase in plasma
      norepinephrine. This finding indicates some advantages of combined therapy with L
      threo-DOPS and decarboxylase inhibitors. Measurable quantities of DL-threo-DOPS
      were found in the CSF during repeated administration, but there was no consistent
      change in norepinephrine concentration.

PMID- 6436732
TI  - Increase of valproate-induced hyperammonemia in normal subjects by carbohydrate
      intake.
AB  - Sodium valproate-induced hyperammonemia in normal subjects is increased by the
      intake of carbohydrates--rapidly or slowly absorbed sugars, given by mouth or IV
      injection. The hyperammonemia is maximal about 3 hours after carbohydrate
      administration. This relation between carbohydrate and ammonia metabolism has not
      been described previously.

PMID- 6436733
TI  - Acute changes of blood ammonia may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic
      acid.
AB  - Valproic acid (VPA) was given to 24 epileptic patients who were already being
      treated with other antiepileptic drugs. A standardized loading dose of VPA was
      administered, and venous blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Ammonia
      (NH3) was higher in patients who, during continuous therapy, complained of
      drowsiness (7 patients) than in those who were symptom-free (17 patients),
      although VPA plasma levels were similar in both groups. By measuring VPA-induced
      changes of blood NH3 content, it may be possible to identify patients at higher
      risk of obtundation when VPA is given chronically.

PMID- 6436734
TI  - The SHARPLAN family of CO2 lasers for surgery.
AB  - The SHARPLAN laser systems are available with a full range of different powers: a
      25 watt office system, a 40 watt and a 60 watt system for general surgery and an
      80 watt for high power needs like neurosurgery, all powers measured at tissue. A
      full range of accessories is available for microsurgery enabling adaptation to
      the most popular surgical microscopes for cavitational surgery. Super-pulse
      models are available, minimizing the thermal damage to the tissue exposed to the
      laser. The interaction of the laser with living tissue and its specific use in
      neurosurgery are discussed.

PMID- 6436735
TI  - CO2-Laser in neurosurgery.
AB  - New technical tools in surgery are only beneficial if they offer real
      improvements compared to the traditional techniques or if they open absolute new
      indications in surgery. Therefore we have tried to find absolute indications for
      the use of the indifferent laser system. Due to the specific wavelength the CO2
      Laser is entirely absorbed at the surface. This specific performance allows one
      to use the CO2-Laser as the most precise cutting and as a completely new
      vaporizing instrument. It has become an irreplaceable tool in surgery of central
      lesions and brain stem tumours and also for spinal cord tumours. In addition the
      CO2-Laser is adaptable to the operating microscope. A gain of the same importance
      in the meantime is the Nd-YAG Laser, which works specially for coagulation,
      volume coagulation and endoscopic use. It is certain that laser surgery will
      evolve for beyond our imagination.

PMID- 6436736
TI  - The carbon dioxide laser surgical unit as an instrument for surgery of brain
      tumours--its advantages and disadvantages.
AB  - The author started in 1969 his studies on developing the practical models of the
      carbon dioxide laser surgical units and produced Medilaser-S, Model MEL-42 and
      MEL-444. By the end of 1982 the author had operated on 143 cases of brain tumour
      with the laser. Most of those cases were brain tumours which were difficult or
      impossible to remove by conventional means. The major points of this paper are as
      follows: The principle of the laser, the mechanism of the CO2 laser, the
      biomedical features of the CO2 laser, the advantages and disadvantages of the CO2
      laser, indications and contraindications for the use of the CO2 laser,
      development of the CO2 laser surgical units, surgical procedures and techniques
      of brain tumour laser surgery, adjuvant methods of laser surgery and comparison
      between the CO2 laser and the Nd-YAG laser.

PMID- 6436737
TI  - Suicide in United States Army personnel, 1981-1982.

PMID- 6436738
TI  - Predicting areas endemic for schistosomiasis using weather variables and a
      Landsat data base.

PMID- 6436739
TI  - Pharyngoesophageal swallowing: a review of 618 videorecorded cases.

PMID- 6436740
TI  - Antecedent personality factors and the post-Vietnam syndrome: case reports.

PMID- 6436741
TI  - Neonatal intensive care at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center.

PMID- 6436742
TI  - Divisional medical support on the modern battlefield.

PMID- 6436743
TI  - A mutual support program between a 1,000 bed TDA augmentation reserve hospital
      and an active component Army community hospital.

PMID- 6436744
TI  - Papillary necrosis, marked, associated with aspirin abuse and interstitial
      nephritis, acute and chronic.

PMID- 6436745
TI  - Nitrofurantoin induced neutropenia: case report.

PMID- 6436746
TI  - Patient acceptance of a special refill window.

PMID- 6436747
TI  - [Continuous electroencephalographic registration with the Berg-Fourier
      instrument: enflurane and clinical anesthesia].

PMID- 6436748
TI  - [Intraoperative controlled hypotension using nitroglycerine].

PMID- 6436749
TI  - [Single-blind comparative study of lysine acetylsalicylate, indoprofen and sodium
      diclofenac in post-operative pain].

PMID- 6436750
TI  - [Our experience with the catheterization of the internal jugular vein after
      surgical exposure for total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6436751
TI  - [Use of cefamandole in the prevention of complications caused by percutaneous
      transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 6436752
TI  - A congenital diverticulum of the small intestine; Meckel's diverticulum or
      duplication?
AB  - A diverticulum of the small intestine is a condition with only a low morbidity.
      This is generally a Meckel's diverticulum (MD). There is, however, the
      possibility of another congenital malformation, which can closely resemble a MD
      but has another etiology, the tubular duplication of the small intestine. In a
      period of three months six patients were treated with a MD with different
      clinical presentations and histologic findings and an invaginated duplication of
      the small intestine in a male adult patient. The diagnosis of a tubular
      duplication of the small intestine is not often considered when finding a
      diverticulum of the small intestine and such a malformation is too easily called
      a Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 6436753
TI  - Evaluation of operative treatment of 193 ankle fractures.
AB  - During the period 1974 to 1980, 260 displaced ankle fractures were treated by
      open reduction and rigid fixation. The results of this treatment were evaluated
      in 193 patients as excellent 50%, good 38% and poor 12%. The Danis-Weber
      classification, operative treatment, complications and results are discussed. In
      our opinion, if performed properly, the best treatment of displaced ankle
      fractures is operative intervention.

PMID- 6436754
TI  - [Findings on the hypophyseal-gonadal axis in women with Mediterranean anemia].

PMID- 6436755
TI  - Claustro-neocortical connections in the rat as demonstrated by retrograde tracing
      with Lucifer yellow.
AB  - The retrograde fluorescent tracer Lucifer Yellow (L.Y.) has been used to study
      claustro-neocortical connections in the rat with respect to their topography.
      L.Y. was injected in different cortical fields. Labeled cells were found in the
      ipsilateral claustrum. The distribution of labeled cells reflects the position of
      the injection sites along the rostro-caudal axis. The results demonstrate that
      claustro-neocortical projections are arranged in a topographical fashion not only
      in the cat, rabbit and monkey, but also in the rat. The connections are not as
      numerous as in the cat and are only ipsilateral. Our study shows in addition that
      L.Y. can be used as a connectivity tracer in the nervous system.

PMID- 6436756
TI  - Chronic ethanol consumption induces neuronal loss in mammillary bodies of the
      mouse: a quantitative analysis.
AB  - Quantitative analysis, using histological sections, showed that chronic ethanol
      consumption in the mouse produced neuronal loss in the medial mammillary bodies.
      This cellular loss was not uniform and was more marked in posterior (-30.1%) than
      in anterior (-8.8%) parts. Moreover, a reduction of the nucleus diameter of the
      remaining neurons was found. These results are in agreement with patterns of
      neuroanatomical damage observed in human alcoholics.

PMID- 6436757
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate content in the cat carotid body under different arterial
      O2 and CO2 conditions.
AB  - The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the carotid body has often been
      discussed as the crucial step in the chemoreceptive process. Therefore, the ATP
      level of the cat carotid body was investigated with the aid of the
      bioluminescence method under different stimulation conditions. Under normoxic
      conditions an ATP level of about 0.087 nmol/glomus was measured, which is very
      low in comparison to other organs. The level did not change significantly,
      neither under hypoxic nor hypercapnic conditions. From these results we conclude
      that the primary effect of the chemoreceptive process in the carotid body cannot
      be explained by changes of the ATP level under different stimulation conditions.

PMID- 6436758
TI  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in the common
      marmoset.
AB  - The administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (1-4
      mg/kg i.p.) for 4 days induced dose-dependent parkinsonism in the common marmoset
      within 48 h. MPTP produced profound akinesia, rigidity of the trunk and limbs,
      postural abnormalities, loss of vocalization and, in some cases, postural tremor.
      In a single animal the administration of L-DOPA in conjunction with a peripheral
      decarboxylase inhibitor, reversed the parkinsonian symptoms. Subsequent
      biochemical analysis showed a profound loss of dopamine and [3H]dopamine uptake
      in the caudate-putamen, but no change in specific [3H]spiperone binding.

PMID- 6436759
TI  - Ovarian failure following cytotoxic therapy.
AB  - Evidence of ovarian failure was sought in 18 premenopausal women who were being
      treated with cytotoxic drugs for malignant disease. Ten had symptoms and signs of
      ovarian failure although only two had conveyed these problems to us. Ovarian
      failure was more frequently observed in patients over 25 and in those on
      continuous low doses of alkylating agents such as busulphan.
      Oestrogen/progesterone replacement therapy together with appropriate counselling
      was given to eight women and brought great benefit to them all. Provided there is
      no danger of activating the tumour, cytotoxic induced ovarian failure should be
      treated promptly with replacement therapy even if life expectation is short.

PMID- 6436760
TI  - The use of prophylactic antibiotics in obstetrics and gynecology. A review.

PMID- 6436761
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus: effect of tampons on toxic shock
      syndrome toxin 1 production.
AB  - Tampons were tested for effect on growth and production of toxic shock syndrome
      toxin 1 by Staphylococcus aureus. Under good growth conditions, regular
      absorbency tampons had little effect on bacterial growth and inhibited toxin
      production two- to fourfold. In contrast, higher absorbency tampons had three
      different effects: 1) some tampons had no effect on bacterial growth but
      inhibited toxin production; 2) many tampons inhibited both growth and toxin
      production; 3) one tampon inhibited growth but increased exotoxin per cell. These
      effects were independent of degree of saturation of the tampons and were observed
      at incubation times of six, 12, and 18 hours. In no instance was the production
      of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 per milliliter increased in the presence of
      tampons when compared with control.

PMID- 6436762
TI  - Screening test for Sheehan syndrome.

PMID- 6436763
TI  - Evaluation of intravitreal 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, VP 16, doxorubicin, and
      thiotepa in primate eyes.
AB  - A single intravitreal dose of 750 micrograms 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) or 5
      micrograms doxorubicin were nontoxic to primate eyes. A concentration of 250
      micrograms/ml of 5 FU in the vitrectomy infusion fluid in combination with 8
      micrograms/ml of thiotepa, with 40 micrograms/ml of VP16 (etoposide), or with
      either .04 or .02 microgram/ml of vincristine was also well tolerated by the
      primate eye. 5 micrograms/ml of doxorubicin in the vitrectomy infusion fluid did
      not cause apparent toxicity to the retina. Toxic effects were noted in eyes
      receiving 250 micrograms of 5 FU in combination with either .15 or .1
      microgram/ml of vincristine.

PMID- 6436764
TI  - von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. II. Incidence of optic gliomata.
AB  - The association of optic glioma with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF) is
      well established. However, the incidence of these tumors in a large population of
      NF patients, prospectively evaluated with modern radiologic techniques, has not
      been established. We investigated the ophthalmic and intracranial features of NF
      in 217 patients aged 4 weeks to 69 years, in whom the diagnosis was based on
      stringent criteria. Tumors at various locations along the anterior visual pathway
      occurred in 15% of patients and were occasionally bilateral. The mean age of
      patients with chiasmal tumors was approximately 15 years less than patients with
      tumors of the optic nerve only. Two-thirds (67%) of all tumors were neither
      suspected historically nor detected by ophthalmologic examination. Neither the
      ophthalmoscopic absence of optic atrophy nor the normal results of roentgenograms
      of the optic foramina were reliable predictors of tumors detected by CT scan. The
      presence of optic glioma is not correlated to other ocular, skeletal, neurologic,
      or anamnestic risk factors.

PMID- 6436765
TI  - Neurofibromatosis: oral and radiographic manifestations.
AB  - Oral manifestations of neurofibromatosis have been reported in only 4% to 7% of
      affected persons. All oral tissues, hard and soft, have been reported to be
      affected with tumors, but the tongue has been the most common site. We report on
      the oral and radiographic findings in twenty-two patients with neurofibromatosis.
      The prevalence of oral and radiographic findings in our sample was 72%, which is
      much higher than previously reported. The five most common findings are oral
      neurofibromas, enlarged fungiform papillae, intrabony lesions, wide inferior
      alveolar canals, and enlarged mandibular foramina.

PMID- 6436766
TI  - Current concepts of Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - Paget's disease of bone is a process of increased bone remodeling resulting in
      architecturally abnormal bone that may affect any area of the skeleton. Paget's
      disease may present with a wide variation in the clinical and radiographic
      picture. When symptoms arise, they depend on the site and the extent of skeletal
      involvement. The two major therapeutic agents available for medical treatment are
      calcitonin and diphosphonate. Surgical intervention in Paget's disease is
      indicated for (1) selected fractures, (2) severe disabling arthritis, and (3)
      extreme bowing deformities causing malalignment of weight-bearing joints.

PMID- 6436767
TI  - Beyond peer review: the medical staff role in the price-competitive hospital.

PMID- 6436768
TI  - Organizational change and quality assurance in a psychiatric setting.

PMID- 6436769
TI  - Assessment of the impact of medical devices on the quality of care.
AB  - Medical technology and medical devices play major roles in the diagnosis and
      treatment of patients in health care facilities. A facility should use a rational
      process to reach the decision to acquire a new piece of technology; this process
      should recognize the importance of both the machine and the user in modern
      technology. Moreover, each health care facility should assure that a newly
      acquired technological advance does not pose safety hazards to patients; that the
      device, when used in the clinical situation, produces the desired results
      reliably and consistently with its intended purpose; that there are appropriate
      means of identifying performance defects or opportunities for greater use of the
      existing device; and that the end of the device's useful life is anticipated so
      that quality does not decrease and dangers to patients do not increase due to
      equipment obsolescence. Successfully applying QA principles, consistent with each
      phase in the life of medical technological devices, should ensure equipment of
      high quality and thus benefit a health care facility and its patients.

PMID- 6436770
TI  - Update on international activities in quality assurance.

PMID- 6436771
TI  - The effect of the prospective payment system on hospital QA/UR systems.

PMID- 6436772
TI  - Effect of an implemented fall prevention program on the frequency of patient
      falls.

PMID- 6436773
TI  - [Naso-duodenal feeding of low birth weight infants requiring intensive care].

PMID- 6436774
TI  - Long-term results of vibratory stimulation as a pain relieving measure for
      chronic pain.
AB  - In the present study 267 patients with chronic neurogenic or musculoskeletal pain
      were given vibratory stimulation for the pain. The patients were observed for 18
      months or until they terminated the treatment. About half of the successfully
      relieved patients (59% of the total number of patients) reported more than 50%
      pain relief, as scored on a visual analogue and an adjectival scale. Seventy-two
      per cent of these patients reported an increased social activity and greater than
      50% reduced intake of analgesic drugs after 12 months of home treatment. It is
      suggested that vibration may be a valuable measure for symptomatic treatment of
      chronic pain.

PMID- 6436775
TI  - Clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde-phenate (Sporicidin) used to disinfect
      arthroscopes.

PMID- 6436776
TI  - Manipulation of the immune response in parasitic infections.

PMID- 6436777
TI  - [Quantitative method of measuring platelet ATP released in vitro in the presence
      of various aggregating agents].
AB  - A new method for quantitative study of the release of ATP during platelet
      aggregation is described. The measures have been done by bioluminescence with
      ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid as inducing agents in 20 normal subjects.
      Different characteristics of quality of the method have been evaluated to define
      it as a "routine" test. The results, expressed in moles (M) of ATP by 1 X 10(6)
      platelets, are different according to the various inducing agents. In association
      with the study of the platelet aggregation this method should allow to have a
      better understanding of the anomalies of platelet functions in different
      diseases, and, may be, to define states of platelet "activation" as done by the
      study of the release of beta-thromboglobulin and of platelet factor 4.

PMID- 6436778
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of cotrimoxazole sulphonamide in malnourished (marasmic)
      infants.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was examined in seven
      malnourished (marasmic) infants receiving cotrimoxazole (CMZ) for treatment of
      urinary tract infection. Comparisons were made with the SMZ level of ten
      nutritionally normal infants, hospitalized for first and second degree burns,
      receiving CMZ for treatment of bronchitis. CMZ was administered as an oral
      suspension (20 mg TMP and 100 mg SMZ, 5 ml), patients receiving 22 mg SMZ/kg body
      weight. Capillary blood samples, 0.05 ml were taken at prescribed intervals.
      Elimination half-life of SMZ in the marasmic infants was prolonged, 9.6 vs 4.9
      hr, in their eutrophic counterparts. In addition, greater area under the curve
      (AUC), 573 vs 328 micrograms/ml/h, was noted in the malnourished group. This
      disparity may be due to differences in body fluid distribution between the two
      groups.

PMID- 6436779
TI  - Maturation of eupneic respiration in the neonatal monkey.
AB  - Comparison between 21 2-day-old infant monkeys and 17 21-day-old infants during
      non-rapid eye movement sleep demonstrated that minute ventilation (VI) increased
      from 141 +/- 30 to 257 +/- 65 ml/min secondary to elevations in tidal volume (VT)
      and mean inspiratory flow (VT/Ti) with little change in respiratory timing. These
      volumetric parameters of ventilation as well as functional residual capacity
      remained significantly augmented when standardized for gain in body weight.
      Dynamic lung compliance increased from 0.69 +/- 0.19 to 0.89 +/- 0.39 ml/cm H2O
      with age while inspiratory pulmonary resistance did not change. Effective
      elastance fell significantly with maturation (5.27 +/- 1.51 cm H2O/ml on day 2
      versus 4.15 +/- 1.35 cm H2O/ml on day 21) while effective impedance was elevated
      postnatally. The postnatal ventilatory gain (80% increase in VI) was attributable
      to increases both in dynamic lung compliance (30%) and inspiratory effort (50%)
      as determined by esophageal pressure changes. Isometric occlusion pressures
      (P0.1, P0.2 . . . Pmax) also significantly increased during this time span,
      suggesting that the increased ventilation resulted from an elevated respiratory
      drive.

PMID- 6436780
TI  - Beta-glucuronidase deficiency in a dog: a model of human mucopolysaccharidosis
      VII.
AB  - This report describes a third mucopolysaccharidosis in animals: canine
      mucopolysaccharidosis VII. The affected dog was the offspring of a father
      daughter mating. Weakness in the rear legs was evident at 8 weeks of age and
      became progressively worse. He had a large head, a shortened maxilla, and corneal
      granularities. Most joints were extremely lax, easily subluxated, with joint
      capsules that were swollen and fluctuant. The dog was alert and had apparently
      normal pain perception. At 13 months of age, there was radiographic evidence of
      extensive skeletal disease including bilateral femoral head luxation,
      abnormalities in the shape and density of the carpal and tarsal bones,
      radiolucent lesions of the epiphyseal regions of most long bones, and cervical
      vertebral dysplasia and platyspondylia. The electrophoretic pattern of
      precipitated glycosaminoglycans indicated a predominance of chondroitin sulfate.
      The animal died suddenly from gastric dilatation. There was generalized
      hepatomegaly, thickening of the atrioventricular heart valves, and generalized
      polyarthropathy. Vacuolated cytoplasm was observed in hepatocytes, keratocytes,
      fibroblasts, chondrocytes and cells of the synovial membrane, retinal pigment
      epithelium, and cardiac valves. Neurons had cytoplasmic vacuoles. Electron
      microscopy demonstrated membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes, hepatocytes, synovium, heart valves and spleen. The
      activities of 12 lysosomal hydrolases were determined in liver from the affected
      and control dogs: beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), beta-hexosaminidases A and B
      (EC 3.2.1.30), alpha-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.-), alpha-L-iduronidase (EC
      3.2.1.76), alpha-galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22), beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23),
      arylsulfatases A and B (EC 3.1.6.1), acid alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), acid
      beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase
      (EC 3.1.6.-).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436781
TI  - [Convulsions in the neonatal period].

PMID- 6436782
TI  - Postnatal growth curve of the infant with extremely low birth weight who was fed
      enterally.
AB  - The primary objective of this study was the establishment of a postnatal growth
      curve for the very low-birth-weight infant. Only infants whose size was
      appropriate for gestational age and whose predominant form of nourishment was
      enteral were included in the study. Two growth curves were constructed: one for
      infants weighing less than 900 g (group A, birth weight 799 +/- 79 [SD] g, mean
      gestational age 26.5 weeks), and one for infants weighing 901 to 1,100 g (group
      B, birth weight 1,023 +/- 53 [SD] g, mean gestational age 28.5 weeks). Growth was
      followed over the first 50 postnatal days. Group A infants gained an average of
      10.2 g/d overall during the first 50 postnatal days and group B infants gained an
      average of 17.1 g/d over the same period. Because the major objective of this
      study was construction of a growth curve for infants weighing less than 900 g,
      direct comparison is made with the Dancis grid (1948) as this is the only
      standard for this group. The growth rates of our infants were found to be more
      than twice that of the original prediction of Dancis.

PMID- 6436783
TI  - Candida antigen detection in two premature neonates with disseminated
      candidiasis.
AB  - Two premature neonates with birth weight less than 1,200 g developed systemic
      candidiasis during treatment with multiple antibiotics and parenteral
      hyperalimentation. Clinical findings included signs of necrotizing enterocolitis
      in one patient and multiple fungal renal cortical abscesses in the other. The
      Candida antigen, mannan, was present in the sera of both patients at the time of
      clinical deterioration. Multiple blood cultures and urine and stool samples from
      both patients grew Candida albicans. Systemic antifungal therapy was given for a
      6-week period and was associated with prolonged antigenemia despite negative
      findings on follow-up cultures. Antifungal therapy was stopped soon after antigen
      was no longer detected. Both patients recovered without evidence of further
      fungal infection. Candida antigen detection may be useful in the diagnosis and
      follow-up of premature infants with disseminated candidiasis.

PMID- 6436784
TI  - [Surgical needs, costs and benefits of aortocoronary bypass surgery in Denmark].

PMID- 6436785
TI  - [Why and when to vaccinate against meningococcal disease].

PMID- 6436786
TI  - [Health advice to travelers in earlier centuries].

PMID- 6436787
TI  - Hemophilia in dogs, with special reference to hemophilia A among German shepherd
      dogs in Denmark. I: Pathophysiology, laboratory tests and genetics.
AB  - A review is given of the history and distribution of hemophilia in dogs. The
      current knowledge of Factor VIII relative to hemophilia A and von Willebrand's
      Disease is presented. The tests required for distinguishing between hemophilia A,
      hemophilia B, von Willebrand's Disease, and various disorders caused by other
      factor defects in the coagulation cascade are described. X-linked, recessive
      inheritance of hemophilia A is illustrated in genealogical diagrams. The
      precautions required in connection with blood sampling for diagnostic tests are
      emphasized.

PMID- 6436788
TI  - Human adenoviruses as indicators of inhibition of DNA repair.

PMID- 6436789
TI  - The effect of inhibitors of DNA synthesis on DNA repair.

PMID- 6436790
TI  - [Technical and dosimetric aspects of postoperative electron beam irradiation of
      patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 6436791
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of treating squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs by
      photon X 18 megavolt irradiation after a year].

PMID- 6436792
TI  - Patient classification in community health nursing.

PMID- 6436793
TI  - The effects of parenteral nutrition on food intake and gastric motility.
AB  - Frequently, patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) report hunger during the
      parenteral infusion, yet experience early satiety once PN is tapered off. Post-PN
      satiety can interfere with the ability to consume enough nutrients to maintain
      body weight and nutritional status. Factors such as caloric quantity of infusate,
      gastric motility changes, and disease pathology have been related to appetite
      changes. To investigate the effects of PN on food intake and gastric motility
      without the complicated interactions associated with disease pathology, four
      normal, healthy rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were studied. The monkeys were
      administered PN in amounts ranging from 25% to 100% of their normal daily caloric
      intake. Food and water were continuously available. PN consistently suppressed
      voluntary food intake in direct relationship to the amount of nutrient infused.
      The frequency of large-amplitude hunger-type gastric contractions decreased from
      control conditions. Upon cessation of PN, appetite remained suppressed for one to
      two weeks, indicating a self-limiting physiological basis to post-PN satiety.
      Thus, reduced appetite following PN termination might occur in the clinical
      setting and the patients' feelings of satiety may not be completely attributed to
      lack of cooperation or disease pathology.

PMID- 6436794
TI  - [Value of bronchofibroscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral tuberculous changes in
      the lungs].

PMID- 6436795
TI  - Brain abscess caused by Salmonella.

PMID- 6436796
TI  - Intraventricular calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits gastric acid secretion.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid peptide recently
      demonstrated to be a peptide expressed by the calcitonin gene in the rat central
      nervous system. Intracerebroventricular administration of CGRP in pylorus ligated
      rats resulted in a dose dependent suppression of gastric acid secretion. This
      effect was also present in acutely vagotomized rats. In addition, CGRP inhibited
      the stimulation of gastric acid secretion by thyrotropin releasing hormone. CGRP
      was considerably less potent in its effect on gastric acid than calcitonin, a
      well known central inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in the rat. This study
      suggests that CGRP may be a factor in the central regulation of gastric acid
      secretion in the rat.

PMID- 6436797
TI  - Potential anti-depressive effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and its
      analogues.
AB  - The anti-depressive effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and its
      analogues (DN-1417: gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-histidyl-prolinamide
      citrate; MK-771: L-pyro-2-aminoadipyl-histidyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide) were
      examined in behavioral despair rats, an animal model of depression. TRH, DN-1417,
      MK-771, amitriptyline and diazepam were injected three times after the first
      forced swimming. One hr after the last injection, a 5-min swimming test was
      performed. Experimental animals were placed in a Hall's type open-field apparatus
      immediately before and after the 5-min test, and their locomotor activities were
      determined. No significant difference was noted in the locomotor activity
      immediately before the 5-min test among any group. In the 5-min swimming test,
      TRH, DN-1417 and MK-771 caused a dose-dependent decrease in immobility, showing
      an anti-depressive effect similar to amitriptyline. Diazepam showed no difference
      compared with the control group. After the swimming test, locomotor activity
      remarkably decreased in the control rats, while decreased locomotor activity was
      partially prevented in the TRH, DN-1417, MK-771 and amitriptyline treated rats
      which exhibited active movement not only during the swimming period but also
      after it. In terms of the minimum effective dose, TRH and DN-1417 seemed to be of
      similar potency, while MK-771 was 40-fold stronger than TRH. An examination of a
      possible correlation between the cross-reactivity of TRH analogues in a
      radioreceptor assay and the effects of the analogues on despair rats suggested
      that the structure-binding relationship was proportional to the structure
      activity relationship.

PMID- 6436798
TI  - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and MK-771 on behavior of squirrel
      monkeys controlled by noxious stimuli.
AB  - The effects of TRH (0.1-30 mg/kg) and an enzyme-resistant analogue, MK-771 (0.1
      10 mg/kg), were characterized in squirrel monkeys on responding maintained in the
      presence of different visual stimuli by a multiple 3-min fixed-interval (FI), 30
      response fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of stimulus-shock termination or by a multiple
      5-min FI schedule of food or shock presentation. Under the termination schedule,
      the first response at the end of 3 min in the FI component or the completion of
      the 30-response requirement in the FR component terminated the visual stimulus in
      the presence of which shocks occurred (escape schedule). Under the schedule of
      food or shock presentation, the first response at the end of the 5-min FI
      produced food in the presence of red stimulus lights or shock in the presence of
      white lights. TRH and MK-771 produced large, dose-related increases in responding
      maintained under the FR stimulus-shock termination schedule whereas these
      peptides produced smaller increases or did not affect responding under the FI
      schedule. TRH and MK-771 also produced marked increases in responding maintained
      by shock presentation at doses that did not alter or decreased food-maintained
      responding in the same subject. Thus, performances maintained by noxious stimuli
      are uniquely sensitive to the rate-increasing effects of TRH and MK-771. These
      findings suggest that the behavioral effects of the neuropeptides, TRH and MK
      771, can depend on the specific consequences of behavior and, as such, the
      effects of these substances are determined by many of the same variables that
      determine the effects of other behaviorally-active drugs.

PMID- 6436799
TI  - Cardiovascular effects produced by injections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in
      specific preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei in the rat.
AB  - Microinjection of 1.4 pmol TRH (0.5 ng; 50-150 nl) into both the preoptic
      suprachiasmatic nucleus (pos) and the A7000-6800 region of the medial preoptic
      nucleus (pom) produced increases in blood pressure and heart rate of 7% and 19%,
      respectively; heart rate responses in these two areas were higher than those
      occurring in other areas tested. TRH induced a significant increase in blood
      pressure and heart rate in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (nhp) and increased
      heart rate only in the anterior (nha) and dorsomedial (ndm) hypothalamic nuclei.
      A small decrease in both blood pressure and heart rate resulted with TRH
      injections in the A7400-7050 region of the pom. No changes in respiratory rate or
      rectal temperature were observed at any site with this dose of TRH. Preliminary
      studies into the mechanism of the cardiovascular actions of TRH suggested that
      inhibition of the parasympathetic nerves to the heart make a partial contribution
      to the TRH-induced heart rate increase in the pos and that adrenal catecholamine
      release mediates the TRH response in the nhp. Neither methylatropine pretreatment
      nor adrenalectomy prevented the response to TRH injected into the nha, suggesting
      that activation of the cardiac sympathetic nerves may mediate TRH actions in this
      region. In the ndm, neither methylatropine nor adrenalectomy prevented the
      response to TRH; however, there was a tendency for the response to be less after
      methylatropine. Therefore, both inhibition of the parasympathetic and activation
      of the sympathetic nervous systems may contribute to the response observed, but
      no adrenal involvement could be demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436800
TI  - Potentiation of the behavioral effects of pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide and
      ethanol by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - Effects of pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide and ethanol were studied alone and in
      combination with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), IM, on punished behavior.
      Key-peck responses of pigeons were maintained by food presentation under a fixed
      interval 3-min schedule in which every 30th response produced shock. Moderate
      doses of pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide and ethanol increased punished
      responding to 150-200% of control values while the higher doses of these drugs
      almost completely eliminated responding. TRH (0.01-1 mg/kg) had little effect on
      punished responding and 3 mg/kg produced 50% decreases. Although the lower doses
      of TRH were without effect when given alone, doses of 0.03 mg/kg and greater
      markedly potentiated the rate-increasing effects of pentobarbital,
      chlordiazepoxide and ethanol. Increases in punished responding of 350% were
      obtained with combinations of TRH and these drugs. The rate-decreasing effects of
      the sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic compounds were not reversed by TRH.
      Potentiation of the behavioral effects of sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs
      by TRH suggests that TRH may play an important role in modulating the behavioral
      effects of these compounds and that combinations of neuroactive peptides with
      certain psychotherapeutic agents may be of some therapeutic value.

PMID- 6436801
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma with extra-adrenal localization associated with
      neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6436802
TI  - [Sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from the urine in relation to type and
      frequency of use of antibacterial drugs (1972-1975, 1979-1981)].

PMID- 6436803
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) activates the adenylyl cyclase of
      nonsecretory cells in the rat ventral prostate.
AB  - Prostatic secretory and basal or stem cells were isolated from rat ventral
      prostate lobes by collagenase dispersion and density centrifugation in a Percoll
      gradient. The membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase of secretory cells could be
      activated in a dose-dependent manner by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP ED50
      10(-7)M) but not thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Conversely, only TRH could
      significantly stimulate the adenylyl cyclase in basal cell membranes (ED50 5 X
      10(-7). In two separate studies enzyme activity was stimulated seven- and 13-fold
      by this peptide. This action of TRH on prostatic basal cells supports previous
      reports that high levels of immunologically active TRH have been found in
      prostate tissue and that TRH stimulates the growth of prostatic cancer cells in
      vitro.

PMID- 6436804
TI  - Dyslipoproteinemia and xanthomatosis.
AB  - The cutaneous markers associated with dyslipoproteinemia are reviewed in the
      context of the current view of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The utility of
      determining the plasma levels of lipoproteins and certain apoproteins in children
      or adults with xanthomas or xanthelasma is discussed. We hope that early
      identification and appropriate treatment of such patients will reduce the
      morbidity and mortality from the two major complications of dyslipoproteinemia-
      atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis.

PMID- 6436805
TI  - Asymptomatic gonorrhoea in a male patient.
AB  - A case of asymptomatic gonorrhoea in a male patient is described. Failure to
      isolate Neisseria gonorrhoea from his wife possibly demonstrates inhibitory
      effect of Candida albicans in vivo on the former organism.

PMID- 6436806
TI  - An ulcerated gastric diverticulum--a rare cause of haematemesis and melaena.
AB  - A case of recurrent intraluminal bleeding from an ulcerated gastric diverticulum
      is described. Difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition are
      discussed. The importance of accurate preoperative diagnosis by endoscopy and
      barium meal is emphasized.

PMID- 6436807
TI  - The effects of feed form, protein profile, energy level, and gender on broiler
      performance in warm (26.7 C) environments.
AB  - Two dietary energy levels, 3032 and 3109 kcal ME/kg, and four protein levels of
      approximately 17, 18, 19 and 20%, were used to formulate eight grower-finisher
      rations used in four feeding regimens used in both mass and crumble form fed to
      broilers in a warm (26.7 C) environment. The protein levels were established by
      specific lysine: energy ratios with methionine plus cystine at a constant
      percentage of lysine. Best overall broiler performance was obtained with a
      feeding regimen using the higher energy level with high-protein profile in
      crumble form; feed conversion for this regimen was improved 5.4% and body weight
      3.2% over the poorest performing diet, which was the lower energy diet with low
      protein profile in mash form. Overall, crumbling improved feed conversion 1.5%
      and increased body weight 2.2%, the high-protein profile improved feed conversion
      2.0%, and increasing metabolizable energy from 3032 to 3109 kcal/kg improved feed
      conversion 2.2%. Feed conversion for males was 3.3% better than for females.

PMID- 6436808
TI  - Protein degradation: an important consideration.
AB  - The growth rates of chicks can be varied by dietary manipulations. The rates of
      synthesis of protein in selected muscles can be measured by using radioactive
      amino acids. Measurements are made of expired air, plasma, and muscle tissues.
      Synthesis rates are most rapid in the young chick and turkey. As the bird ages,
      synthesis rates and degradation rates decrease; but these two parameters
      gradually come together so that the net gain in protein is zero. Synthesis rates
      remain fairly similar in chicks fed a complete diet or a diet lacking in lysine.
      This is true even if the growth rate is extremely low. However, the degradation
      rates are extremely high in the deficient birds so that the gain in protein
      deposition is very low. When the energy is restricted, growth is reduced
      dramatically, but synthesis rates are reduced only a small amount. Again,
      degradation rates are extremely high. Chickens with muscular dystrophy exhibit
      very high synthesis rates in breast muscle. The leg muscle changes compare with a
      normal bird. There are also high degradation rates in the breast muscle
      throughout so that the growth rate of the muscle was only greater during the
      early stages of growth. Additional work needs to be conducted to develop a
      reliable accurate chemical method for determining the degradation rates. It is
      apparent that the emphasis in research to increase the rapidity of growth should
      center on the degradation rates rather than on increasing synthesis rates.

PMID- 6436809
TI  - Studies on blood calcium relationships in the turkey.
AB  - Studies were conducted to establish normal ionized calcium levels and the
      relationship of ionized calcium to total blood calcium concentrations during
      various physiological states in the turkey. Ionized calcium levels were similar
      in fresh plasma and serum. Ionized calcium in plasma was significantly lower
      after 8 hr of storage at 4 C compared to fresh plasma. After only 4 hr of storage
      ionized calcium levels were significantly depressed in serum. Significant changes
      were noted in both plasma and serum ionized calcium when stored frozen or
      unfrozen for 24 hr. Several anticoagulants were tested for interference with
      plasma free calcium. Sodium heparin, 10 U/ml, was found to be the most suitable.
      In the poult, plasma ionized calcium was 35% of total calcium and was influenced
      by a withholding food and refeeding regimen. Absolute ionized calcium
      concentrations were greater in the blood plasma of adult hen but comprised a
      smaller proportion of total calcium (12 to 24%) compared to poults or age-matched
      males. It is apparent from the results of this study that dramatic changes in
      total blood calcium concentrations do not result in similar magnitude
      fluctuations of ionized calcium concentrations; however, the relationships of
      ionized to total calcium would be the best index to relate calcium homeostasis
      and physiological state.

PMID- 6436810
TI  - Effect of single doses of sucrose and xylitol on human parotid saliva.

PMID- 6436811
TI  - Role of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in the autotrophic pathway used by
      acetogenic bacteria.
AB  - Anaerobic acetogenic bacteria utilize a pathway of autotrophic growth that
      differs from any previously described. One part of the pathway involves the
      reduction of CO2 to formate and its subsequent conversion to the methyl moiety of
      methyltetrahydrofolate. The second part involves the formation of a one-carbon
      intermediate from CO, CO2 and H2, or the carboxyl of pyruvate and combination of
      the intermediate with CoA and methyltetrahydrofolate mediated by a corrinoid
      enzyme to yield acetyl-CoA. Our studies have been concerned with this latter
      portion of the pathway and we have proposed that a one-carbon intermediate is
      formed via carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. It remained possible, however, that the
      function of the CO dehydrogenase is to reduce the cobalt of the corrinoid enzyme
      to Co+, which is required for it to act as a methyl acceptor, and that the
      dehydrogenase is not involved directly in the formation of a C1 intermediate. All
      the enzymes required for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from CO and
      methyltetrahydrofolate or from methyltetrahydrofolate and the carboxyl of
      pyruvate have now been purified. With these purified enzymes, it has been
      possible to show that CO dehydrogenase is essential for acetyl-CoA synthesis with
      CO as the substrate under conditions in which the cobalt of the corrinoid is
      reduced by other means. In addition, using pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it
      has been shown that a 14C1-CO dehydrogenase complex is formed from [1
      14C]pyruvate. Furthermore, [1-14C]acetyl-CoA was synthesized using the 14C1-CO
      dehydrogenase complex. Thus the evidence appears conclusive that CO dehydrogenase
      has a direct role in the formation of the carboxyl of acetyl-CoA.

PMID- 6436813
TI  - Specific protein modifications are altered in a temperature-sensitive Drosophila
      developmental mutant.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive Drosophila mutation l(3)c21RRW630 disturbs oogenesis
      and imaginal disc development and has a maternal effect on embryogenesis. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of protein synthesis in mutant tissue at
      a restrictive temperature shows that the synthesis of three proteins is elevated
      and the synthesis of three other proteins is reduced, when compared to wild type.
      Each protein with increased synthesis is similar to a protein whose synthesis is
      reduced, as judged by comparison of partial proteolytic digests of these
      proteins. To explain these findings, we propose that the wild-type c21R gene
      codes for a protein-modifying enzyme. This enzyme catalyzes the acidic
      modification of three abundant proteins. The correct modification of these
      proteins is required for cell division, cell motility, and the formation of adult
      hairs and bristles. In the mutant at restrictive temperature, the enzyme does not
      function properly and so the unmodified substrate proteins accumulate. This study
      correlates the morphological defects in a Drosophila developmental mutant with an
      altered molecular process.

PMID- 6436812
TI  - Characterization of the Bacillus subtilis tryptophan promoter region.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the control region of the trp operon of Bacillus
      subtilis has been determined. The region was shown to contain the trp promoter by
      deletion analysis and by determination of the transcription start site. The trp
      promoter shows similarity to the consensus sequence for Escherichia coli and B.
      subtilis promoters. The presence of the trp control region on a high-copy-number
      plasmid confers resistance to the tryptophan analogue 5-methyltryptophan. It
      appears that an approximately 120-base-pair region comprising not only the trp
      promoter but also adjacent direct repeat sequences is necessary to confer 5
      methyltryptophan resistance. We postulate that this region is involved in
      tryptophan regulation and confers 5-methyltryptophan resistance by titration of a
      trp regulatory protein. Removal of either the trp promoter or the adjacent direct
      repeat sequences abolished the 5-methyltryptophan-resistance phenotype. Placement
      of unrelated promoters adjacent to the direct repeat sequences restored 5
      methyltryptophan resistance. This suggests that promoter activity is necessary
      for the regulatory function.

PMID- 6436814
TI  - Weak HLA and beta 2-microglobulin expression of neuronal cell lines can be
      modulated by interferon.
AB  - Previous work showed that each of four human neuronal cell lines expresses less
      than or equal to 0.5% of the HLA-A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin seen in glial,
      lymphoid, and other cell types, and there is a corresponding weak expression in
      neuroblastoma tumor and adult brain. Here, we probe the genetic basis of this
      weak expression. For each of three neuroblastoma cell lines, we show that HLA
      A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin can be induced by interferon and that the
      induction occurs within every cell of the population. Class II (Ia) molecules are
      not detected. Microscopic assay and radioimmunoassay of intact cells suggest that
      the induced antigen appears at the cell surface as well as within each cell.
      Immunoblot analysis confirms that the induced proteins have the structure of
      class I molecules. Thus, the normal weak HLA and beta 2-microglobulin expression
      of these cell lines appears to reflect a regulatory control rather than a primary
      genetic lesion. According to current theory, lack of HLA-A,B,C should protect
      transformed, infected, or damaged neurons--but also neurons in neural transplants
      -from T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. The possibility that neuronal HLA-A,B,C
      expression may be under regulatory control is of importance in this context.

PMID- 6436815
TI  - Purification and chemical characterization of the receptor for interleukin 2 from
      activated human T lymphocytes and from a human T-cell lymphoma cell line.
AB  - The cell surface receptor for interleukin 2 plays a central role in the biology
      of this T-cell growth factor. A combination of affinity chromatography, high
      performance liquid chromatography, and NH2-terminal protein sequencing was used
      to purify and chemically characterize the interleukin 2 receptor both from
      phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells and from the human T-cell lymphoma cell line
      HuT-102. The receptor isolated from HuT-102 cells was purified 16,000-fold to
      homogeneity as evidenced by (i) a final specific activity close to the
      theoretical specific activity of 18,182 fmol of receptor per microgram of
      protein, (ii) a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an Mr of
      55,000, and (iii) a unique, unambiguous NH2-terminal protein sequence. The
      receptor purified from phytohemagglutinin-activated T lymphocytes had an Mr of
      60,000 but it had the same NH2-terminal protein sequence.

PMID- 6436816
TI  - Enkephalin convertase localization by [3H]guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid
      autoradiography: selective association with enkephalin-containing neurons.
AB  - Enkephalin convertase, an enkephalin-forming carboxypeptidase, is potently
      inhibited by guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid (GEMSA). We have localized
      enkephalin convertase in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography with [3H]GEMSA.
      [3H]GEMSA-associated silver grains are highly concentrated in the median
      eminence, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, dentate gyrus,
      hippocampus, central nucleus of the amygdala, preoptic hypothalamus,
      magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus, interpeduncular nucleus, dorsal
      parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and the
      substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal tract. This distribution
      corresponds closely with immunocytochemical localizations of enkephalin
      containing cells and axons, indicating that enkephalin convertase is selectively
      involved in enkephalin biosynthesis.

PMID- 6436817
TI  - Stimulatory GTP regulatory unit Ns and the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase
      are tightly associated: mechanistic consequences.
AB  - Turkey erythrocyte membranes were solubilized in the mild detergent
      octylpenta(oxyethylene) [CH3(CH2)7-(OCH2CH2)5OH], which possesses a high critical
      micelle concentration (approximately equal to 6 mM) and forms small, dynamic
      micelles. Both the native enzyme Ns(GDP) X C and the p[NH]ppG-preactivated
      species N's X p[NH]ppG X C' were found to possess the same molecular mass of
      215,000 +/- 17,000 daltons. Both enzyme species migrate as a tight complex
      between Ns and C on both gel permeation columns and on DEAE-Sephacel columns in
      detergent. The two functional units, Ns and C, remain associated even in dilute
      detergent solutions and throughout a 300- to 400-fold purification in
      octylpoly(oxyethylene). These results strongly support the view that Ns and C do
      not come apart during the process of enzyme activation by the beta-adrenergic
      receptor. Furthermore, these results strongly support our previous assertion that
      the beta-adrenergic receptor activation of adenylate cyclase is by a simple
      "collision coupling" between the receptor and NsC. These results are not
      compatible with shuttle mechanisms that postulate that Ns physically migrates
      from the receptor R to the catalytic unit C and back during the activation cycle,
      as suggested by Citri and Schramm [Citri, Y. & Schramm, M. (1980) Nature (London)
      287, 297-300] and by De Lean et al. [De Lean, A., Stadel, J. M. & Lefkowitz, R.
      J. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 5108-5117].

PMID- 6436818
TI  - F-actin is intermolecularly crosslinked by N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide through
      lysine-191 and cysteine-374.
AB  - The bifunctional reagent N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide (PDM) is being used in an
      attempt to measure distances between specific side chains in adjacent monomers
      within F-actin. [14C]PDM was synthesized and was used to crosslink F-actin.
      Uncrosslinked actin was removed by gel filtration, and, from an arginine-specific
      tryptic digest of the covalently crosslinked dimers and higher oligomers, one
      radioactive crosslinked peptide was obtained in high yield. Amino acid
      composition and sequence analysis indicated that it comprises residues 184-196 of
      one monomer and 373-375 of an adjacent actin molecule, bridged by PDM through Cys
      374 and Lys-191. Thus, these groups are shown to be 1.2-1.4 nm apart in adjacent
      actin monomers in F-actin. This information may be crucial in establishing the
      orientation of actin monomers within F-actin.

PMID- 6436819
TI  - Heat shock regulatory gene htpR influences rates of protein degradation and
      expression of the lon gene in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Upon a shift to high temperature, Escherichia coli increase their rate of protein
      degradation and also the expression of a set of "heat shock" genes. Nonsense
      mutants of htpR (also called hin), suppressed by a temperature-sensitive
      suppressor, show lower expression of heat shock genes at 30 degrees C and fail to
      respond to a shift to 42 degrees C. These mutants were found to have a lower
      capacity to degrade abnormal or incomplete proteins than that of wild-type cells.
      This reduction in proteolysis equals or exceeds that in lon mutants, which encode
      a defective ATP-dependent protease, protease La, and is particularly large in
      htpR lon double mutants. The activity of protease La was higher in wild-type
      cells than in htpR mutants grown at 30 degrees C and increased upon shift to 42
      degrees C only in the wild type. To determine whether htpR influences
      transcription of the lon gene, a lon-lacZ operon fusion was utilized.
      Introduction of the htpR mutation reduced transcription from the lon promoter at
      30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. This defect was corrected by a plasmid (pFN97)
      carrying the wild-type htpR allele. Induction of the heat shock response with
      ethanol had little or no effect in htpR mutants but stimulated lon transcription
      2-3 fold in wild-type cells and htpR cells carrying pFN97. Thus, lon appears to
      be a heat shock gene, and increased synthesis of protease La under stressful
      conditions may help to prevent the accumulation of damaged cellular protein.

PMID- 6436820
TI  - Transcriptional induction of two genes in human cells by beta interferon.
AB  - The binding of interferons to distinct cell surface receptors leads to the
      induction of synthesis of several unique polypeptides and their corresponding
      mRNAs (1-6). We have isolated two cDNAs that are complementary to nuclear RNA
      whose synthesis is induced from undetectable levels to maximal rates of
      transcription within 30-60 min after the addition of beta interferon to human
      fibroblasts or to HeLa cells. These results prove that a single polypeptide can,
      by binding to a specific plasma membrane receptor, promptly activate the
      transcription of a defined set of genes.

PMID- 6436821
TI  - Regulation of T-cell function by antibodies: enhancement of the response of human
      T-cell clones to hepatitis B surface antigen by antigen-specific monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Eight mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) were examined for their effects on the antigen-induced proliferative
      response and lymphokine production of human HBsAg-specific T-cell clones in
      vitro. While all specifically enhanced the T-cell proliferative response,
      antibodies of the IgG class were generally more effective than those of the IgM
      class. Both the divalent F(ab')2 and the monovalent Fab fragments of an IgG
      monoclonal antibody had no effects, indicating that the Fc portion of the
      antibody molecules was required. Since antigen-presenting cells bear surface
      receptors for the Fc of IgGs and fewer or none for that of IgMs, the above
      results also suggest that antibodies enhance the capture of antigens by antigen
      presenting cells as a result of the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to the
      Fc receptors on these cells. In addition to potentiating the proliferation of the
      T-cell clones, antibodies also increased the antigen-induced production of
      interferon-gamma by these cells. The present in vitro studies suggest that
      antibodies may regulate immune responses and do so by enhancing antigen
      presentation and thus augmenting antigen-induced activation and clonal expansion
      of T cells.

PMID- 6436822
TI  - Chimeric human antibody molecules: mouse antigen-binding domains with human
      constant region domains.
AB  - We have created mouse-human antibody molecules of defined antigen-binding
      specificity by taking the variable region genes of a mouse antibody-producing
      myeloma cell line with known antigen-binding specificity and joining them to
      human immunoglobulin constant region genes using recombinant DNA techniques.
      Chimeric genes were constructed that utilized the rearranged and expressed
      antigen-binding variable region exons from the myeloma cell line S107, which
      produces an IgA (kappa) anti-phosphocholine antibody. The heavy chain variable
      region exon was joined to human IgG1 or IgG2 heavy chain constant region genes,
      and the light chain variable region exon from the same myeloma was joined to the
      human kappa light chain gene. These genes were transfected into mouse myeloma
      cell lines, generating transformed cells that produce chimeric mouse-human IgG
      (kappa) or IgG (kappa) anti-phosphocholine antibodies. The transformed cell lines
      remained tumorigenic in mice and the chimeric molecules were present in the
      ascitic fluids and sera of tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 6436823
TI  - Paradoxical responses to bilateral carotid occlusion in guinea pigs.

PMID- 6436824
TI  - Specific and non-specific displaceable binding of 3H-mepyramine to homogenates of
      monkey cortex.

PMID- 6436825
TI  - Naloxone and naltrexone block the gastrointestinal effects of TRH and MK-212.

PMID- 6436826
TI  - Effects of special lipid diets on the mixed function oxygenase enzyme system in
      the livers of mice.

PMID- 6436827
TI  - Lethal dose studies with calcium chloride, general CNS depressants, A23187 and
      verapamil.

PMID- 6436828
TI  - The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on the renal responses to atrial natriuretic
      extract and blood volume expansion.

PMID- 6436829
TI  - The effect of aspirin on the metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid in human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - When human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were incubated with exogenous 14C
      arachidonic acid (14C-AA), both lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase metabolites were
      detected. The amount of the 5-lipoxygenase metabolites formed, including 5
      hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), was small. The amount of other
      mono-HETE's (migrating in the vicinity of 12-HETE) was greater, but this was
      obviously mainly due to the small amount of contaminating platelets. In the
      presence of calcium ionophore A23187 the rate of formation of 5-HETE was
      increased, but the formation of other metabolites remained unchanged. When PMNL
      were incubated with aspirin in the presence of A23187 the formation of the cyclo
      oxygenase products was decreased but that of 5-HETE was unchanged. The present
      study indicates that the calcium ionophore A23187 stimulates specifically the 5
      lipoxygenase in human PMNL and that aspirin has no effect on the formation of the
      5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in human PMNL.

PMID- 6436830
TI  - The effect of methylmercuric chloride on arachidonic acid metabolism by platelet
      lipoxygenase.
AB  - It has been reported that the addition of nonaggregating concentrations of
      collagen, epinephrine, thrombin or arachidonic acid to platelets potentiate their
      responses to subsequent subthreshold concentrations of aggregating agents. We
      have previously reported that low concentrations of methylmercury will potentiate
      human platelet ATP secretion and that this effect is blocked by aspirin. Using
      rat platelets we have examined the effect of low concentrations of methylmercury
      on the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Low concentrations of methylmercury (20
      100 microM) inhibit washed platelet lipoxygenase activity. In experiments using
      platelet rich plasma a higher concentration of methylmercury was required to
      produce a comparable inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. At these
      concentrations no inhibition of platelet thromboxane synthetase was seen. These
      findings suggest that methylmercury potentiates platelet aggregation and
      secretion by reducing the inhibitory effect of 12 HPETE on thromboxane
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6436831
TI  - Hypersensitivity to norepinephrine in vasa deferentia from diabetic rats.
      Possible participation of metabolic products of arachidonic acid.
AB  - Contractile responses to norepinephrine of the vas deferens isolated from normal
      and diabetic rats as well as tissue radio-conversion of exogenous arachidonic
      acid, were studied. Vasa deferentia from rats with acute streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes showed hypersensitivity to exogenous norepinephrine (NE). This increased
      contractile response was associated with the interaction of the agonist with
      alpha adrenoceptors. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase increased and inhibitors of
      lipoxygenase(s) abolished the enhanced response to NE of diabetic vas deferens.
      Vasa deferentia from both normal and diabetic rats, converted (1-14C)-arachidonic
      acid (AA) into PGF, PGE, PGD and thromboxane (TX) B2, but the % of AA metabolites
      formed was significantly higher in the diabetic than in the normal condition.
      Moreover, the predominant prostanoid generated by tissue preparations from
      diabetic animals was PGD2. Taken together the present experimental findings
      indicate that preparations from rats with acute streptozotocin-induced diabetes
      have an augmented reactivity towards NE, which appeared associated with changes
      in metabolites of AA generated via cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase catalized
      pathways.

PMID- 6436832
TI  - Plasma factor and platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in patients with
      peripheral vascular disease before and after treatment with a combination of a
      cyclooxygenase and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
AB  - According to a pathogenetic concept originally presented by Moncada in 1977 a
      therapeutic combination of a low-dose cyclooxygenase inhibitor with a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor might help in restoring a disturbed hemostatic
      balance, as thromboxane synthesis in the platelets should be inhibited to a
      greater extent than the prostacyclin synthesis of the endothelium. Therefore, we
      evaluated the influence of a therapeutic combination of cyclooxygenase inhibitors
      in different dosages (sulfinpyrazone, acetylsalicylic acid) with a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor (dipyridamole) on platelet sensitivity and plasma
      factor in comparison to placebo treatment. We examined 76 males with peripheral
      vascular disease (PVD) stage IIa according to Fontaine in a double-blind
      randomized study over a 3 months period. Patients were divided into 4 groups and
      the different drugs were randomized as follows: I. 75 mg sulfinpyrazone and 75 mg
      dipyridamole, II. 150 mg ASA and 75 mg dipyridamole, III. 330 mg ASA and 75 mg
      dipyridamole, IV. placebo. Clinical symptoms as well as the plasma factor and the
      diminished platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in patients with PVD remained
      unchanged throughout the whole observation period. Our findings suggest that no
      improvement in hemostatic dysregulation can be obtained by this combined
      treatment.

PMID- 6436833
TI  - The role of metabolic activation of analgesics and non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs in the development of renal papillary necrosis and upper
      urothelial carcinoma.
AB  - There has been no cogent hypothesis to explain the molecular basis of analgesic
      and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) associated renal papillary
      necrosis (RPN) and upper urothelial carcinoma (UUC). The microsomal cytochrome P
      450 enzyme system may generate reactive intermediates which promote
      pathophysiological effects in the lung, liver and renal cortex, but the absence
      of P-450 activity in the medulla suggests that it is unlikely that similar events
      lead to RPN and UUC. Other enzymes (eg. peroxidases) convert substituted
      aromatics into benzoquinoneimines (an intermediate that has previously been
      defined in P-450-mediated toxicity). The medulla is rich in fatty acid
      peroxidases involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid. NSAID and analgesics
      interact with key enzymes in this pathway, which could lead to the co-oxygenation
      of exogenous and endogenous compounds via the peroxidase, lipoxygenase, or
      prostaglandin hydroperoxidase enzymes. The generation of reactive molecules in
      the medulla could explain both RPN and UUC via the alkylation of macromolecules.
      The formation of free radicals would give rise to extensive lipid peroxidation,
      (there are large quantities of free polyunsaturated fatty acids in the medullary
      interstitial cells), an event of major potential importance to local cell
      destruction and genotoxic effects. At present this proposed mechanism of co
      oxygenation offers the most attractive working hypothesis to explain the
      molecular pathogenesis of both RPN and UUC.

PMID- 6436834
TI  - Metabolism of 14-C-arachidonic acid in platelets and antiaggregatory potency of
      prostacyclin in women taking oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6436835
TI  - Human lymphocyte aggregation?
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to assess lymphocyte (L) aggregation.
      Mononuclear cells were obtained according to Boyum. Blood was defibrinated with
      glass beads and laid on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. Monocyte depletion was achieved
      by adherence to plastic for 18 hs. L aggregation was assayed using the
      turbidimetric method. When L were challenged with collagen (1-8 micrograms/ml),
      ADP (2.5 microM), epinephrine (1 X 10(-4) M), ristocetin (1.5 mg/ml) and bovine F
      VIII no aggregation could be observed. When L were stimulated by arachidonic acid
      (AA) (160 microM) a complete and irreversible aggregation was obtained. This
      effect was markedly inhibited when L were previously incubated with aspirin (40
      micrograms/ml). On the other hand 5, 8, 11, 14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), a
      lypoxygenase inhibitor, was not able to reverse L aggregation induced by AA.
      Leukotriene B4, C4 and D4 were not able to induce L aggregation. When TXA2 like
      material from platelets and L was transferred to L preincubated with aspirin a
      normal aggregation response was obtained. All these results lead to the concept
      that the main pathway involved in L AA metabolism is probably cyclo-oxygenase.
      Ionophore A 23187 was not able to induce L aggregation at any concentration
      employed (0.1 - 100 microM) and 6 keto PGE1 could not inhibit AA induced
      lymphocyte aggregation.

PMID- 6436836
TI  - Effect on nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates on the in-vitro biosynthesis
      of arachidonic acid-metabolites in washed human platelets.
AB  - Organic nitrates exert well known vasodilating effects in coronary arteries,
      although the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study the
      influence of these drugs on the biosynthesis of eicosanoids from labelled
      exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) in isolated platelets was examined. Platelet
      malondialdehyde (MDA)-formation in the presence of the substances tested in this
      system was studied too. The vasodilating drugs were found to reduce the
      conversion rate to TxB2, hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and MDA in
      platelets dose-dependently. Isosorbid-5-mononitrate (ISMN), nitroglycerin (NG)
      and SIN 1, the active metabolite of molsidomin, showed their inhibitory effects
      at concentrations of about 1mM, isosorbid-dinitrate (ISDN) had a much weaker
      effect on platelet-biosynthesis - a concentration of about 3mM was necessary to
      inhibit TxB2-formation significantly.

PMID- 6436837
TI  - The influence of arachidonic acid metabolites on cell division in the intestinal
      epithelium and in colonic tumors.
AB  - Various metabolites of arachidonic acid are now known to influence cell division.
      In this paper the effects on cell proliferation of arachidonic acid, some
      inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism and some analogs of arachidonic acid
      metabolites is described. The epithelial cell proliferation rate in the jejunum,
      in the descending colon and in dimethylhydrazine-induced tumors of rat colon was
      measured using a stathmokinetic technique. Administration of arachidonic acid
      resulted in retardation of cell proliferation in each of the tissues examined. A
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor (Flurbiprofen) prevented this effect of arachidonic acid
      in the jejunal crypts and in colonic tumors, but not in colonic crypts. In
      contrast, inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase (Benoxaprofen and
      BW755c) prevented the effect of arachidonic acid in the colonic crypts and
      reduced its effect on colonic tumours but did not alter its effect on the
      jejunum. An inhibitor of thromoboxane A2 synthetase (U51,605) was also able to
      prevent the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on colonic tumors. Treatment
      with 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 inhibited cell proliferation in jejunal crypts and in
      colonic tumors, as did a thromboxane A2 mimicking agent, U46619. Nafazatrom, an
      agent that stimulates prostacyclin synthesis and inhibits lypoxygenase, promoted
      cell proliferation in the jejunal crypts and colonic crypts, but inhibited cell
      proliferation in colonic tumours.

PMID- 6436838
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in gonadotroph-enriched pituitary cells.
AB  - Control of pituitary hormone secretion by hypothalamic-releasing peptides appears
      to involve unidentified products of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways,
      as well as the adenylate cyclase system. To identify the patterns of arachidonic
      acid metabolism in specific pituitary cell types, the labeled products formed
      from [14C]-arachidonic acid were analyzed in rat pituitary cells separated by
      centrifugal elutriation into fractions enriched in gonadotrophs, somatotrophs and
      lactotrophs. Gonadotroph-enriched cell fractions metabolized arachidonic acid to
      11-, 12- and 15-HETE, HHT, PGD2, PGE2 and TXB2. The products were characterized
      by high performance liquid and thin-layer chromatography, together with gas
      chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of 12- and 15-HETE. In cells
      preincubated with indomethacin, the formation of 11-HETE, HHT, PGD2, PGE2 and
      TXB2 was markedly reduced. In gonadotroph-enriched cell fractions, the production
      of cyclooxygenase metabolites was 3 to 4 times greater than that of lipoxygenase
      products. The somatotroph- and lactotroph-enriched cell fractions produced only
      very small amounts of oxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites under the
      conditions studied, but all cell fractions incorporated [14C]-arachidonate into
      mono-, di- and tri-glycerides, as well as into phospholipids. These results
      demonstrate the differential capacities of the individual pituitary cell
      populations for metabolizing arachidonic acid, and emphasize the relative
      prominence of the oxidation pathways for arachidonate metabolism in the
      gonadotroph-enriched cell fraction of the rat pituitary gland.

PMID- 6436839
TI  - [The biological composition of the toad (Bufo bufo)].

PMID- 6436840
TI  - Neonatal-6-hydroxydopamine treatment: model of susceptibility for self-mutilation
      in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
AB  - Neonatal-6-OHDA treated rats given L-DOPA after a decarboxylase inhibitor showed
      a high incidence of self-mutilation behavior (SMB) and self-biting. These
      behaviors were not observed in adult-6-OHDA-treated rats or in controls. Since
      inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase did not prevent or inhibit the SMB
      exhibited in neonatal-6-OHDA-treated rats after L-DOPA, norepinephrine is not
      likely to be contributing to this response. The age dependent effects observed
      are consistent with the hypothesis that neonatal reduction of dopamine-containing
      fibers is responsible for the SMB susceptibility observed in Lesch-Nyhan disease,
      making the neonatal-6-OHDA-treated rat a model of this neurological syndrome.

PMID- 6436842
TI  - [Therapeutic significance of oxadilene in the treatment of ulcers of arterial or
      venous origin].

PMID- 6436841
TI  - [Azoles. 12. Pyrazole carbolic acid thioamides].
AB  - Morpholids, N-methylpiperazids, piperidids and pyrrolidids of 5-methyl, 3,5
      dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolthioacetic acid and 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4
      pyrazolcarbonic acid 4-12 are obtained by the Willgerodt-Kindler procedure. The
      oxothioamids 13-19 result as the intermediate products of the synthesis of
      thioamids 4-10. The compounds 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14 and 17 do not respond to
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The thioamids 4, 8 and 11 are of slight
      toxicity (LD50 greater than 2.8 g/kg, albino-Swiss mice) and inhibit the
      Carrageenin oedema of the Wistar rat claw minor than phyenylbutazon and
      indometacin.

PMID- 6436843
TI  - Sympathetic control of sexual reflexes: peripheral 6-hydroxydopamine
      administration facilitates the onset of penile reflexes in male rats.
AB  - The latency to display penile reflexes was significantly reduced in male rats
      tested one day following treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 75 mg/kg,
      administered via acute tail vein injection). Eight days following treatment the
      latency to the first reflex in 6-OHDA treated males did not differ significantly
      from saline treated control subjects. There were no significant differences in
      the mean number of erections or flips displayed by 6-OHDA subjects when compared
      to saline treated control subjects. On tests one day after 6-OHDA administration,
      treated subjects displayed significantly fewer cups than control subjects on the
      corresponding tests. Chemical sympathectomy was verified by extreme reduction of
      peripheral norepinephrine levels. Results of this study are consistant with those
      reported for spinally transected rats tested under similar conditions (that is,
      one day following spinal transection), and suggest sympathetic inhibition of the
      onset of penile reflexes.

PMID- 6436844
TI  - A comparative study of the pituitary TSH response to thyrotropin in outpatient
      depressives.
AB  - The pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to exogenous thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) has been reported abnormal in depression, chiefly in
      endogenous depression among inpatients. This study finds an incidence of
      abnormality among a group of 53 outpatients that is no greater than among
      controls. Among outpatients with either major depression by Research Diagnostic
      Criteria (RDC) or atypical depression by our criteria, blunted responses are no
      more common than among normal controls. A comparison group of inpatient RDC major
      depressives, endogenous subtype, shows a significantly higher proportion of
      abnormal or blunted responses. These data suggest that the test may be less
      useful among outpatients than among inpatients. The test does detect a
      significant but unexplained biologic abnormality among inpatient endogenous
      depressives.

PMID- 6436845
TI  - Clinical differentiation of borderline syndromes from the psychoses.
AB  - The discrimination of borderline syndromes from the psychoses is often a
      difficult task clinically. The problem most often arises in the acute setting in
      which a crisis has arisen--the typical example being that of acute
      hospitalization. The clinician's task is to assess the patient's apparently
      psychotic symptoms and behaviors to determine whether they are the manifestations
      of an underlying psychotic process, or whether they reflect a more or less
      transient regression from a somewhat higher level of habitual functioning. Some
      discrimination between these categories is possible even in the acute
      presentation, since borderline patients only exceptionally demonstrate
      Schneiderian first-rank symptoms or any other discriminating indices of
      psychosis. While the differentiation may be clear cut between the psychotic and
      the higher-order, better functioning borderline, there may be less precision in
      discriminating between the lower-order borderline forms or transient borderline
      states and psychoses. We have focused on this area of differentiation in this
      study. The discriminating indices are both short- and long-term. The
      differentiation cannot be adequately made without longer-term evaluation of the
      patient. Nonetheless, on a short-term basis, evaluation of the patient's behavior
      can point the diagnosis in one direction or other. The presence of a clear
      precipitant; the presence of intense (often verbalized) anger; the patient's
      attempts to engage the therapist in an intense, dependent, clinging and demanding
      relationship, usually in manipulative fashion; the partial, fragmentary, often
      circumscribed and ego-alien quality of the patient's psychotic productions; the
      marked tendency to act-out feelings, particularly anger, in a way that gains
      increased attention and concern from doctors, family, friends, or hospital staff;
      the persistence of some degree of reality testing and areas of significant
      realistic functioning; the transient nature of regressive manifestations and the
      ready reversal of regression in structured environments and with appropriate
      therapeutic management, particularly adequate limit-setting--all point toward a
      borderline diagnosis. Moreover, these factors carry an accumulative weight so
      that the more of these factors that can be validated, the more secure the
      diagnosis of borderline psychopathology. On a longer-term basis, beyond a few
      days, one would expect the above indices to be better discriminated. In addition,
      there is greater opportunity to study patterns of patient behavior--both his
      interaction with staff and other patients and with the therapist.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6436846
TI  - Voices of the Wolf Man: the Wolf Man as autobiographer.

PMID- 6436847
TI  - On silence.

PMID- 6436848
TI  - Play, myth, theater, and psychoanalysis.

PMID- 6436849
TI  - The computer, the technological order, and psychoanalysis: preliminary remarks.

PMID- 6436850
TI  - A psychoanalytic perspective on sexually open relations.

PMID- 6436851
TI  - Some thoughts on the development of Western culture.

PMID- 6436852
TI  - Creative writers on personality: Octavio Paz and Carlos Fuentes on the Mexican
      national character.

PMID- 6436853
TI  - Vicissitudes of narcissism in the cinematic autobiography.
AB  - We have discussed two contemporary cinematic autobiographies in which
      narcissistic struggles are presented in the protagonists. Whether Bob Fosse and
      Woody Allen are themselves suffering from narcissistic character pathology is
      unknown to us and is not the point of our thesis. Narcissistic issues are
      presented as predominant life difficulties for the major characters in the
      movies, and an examination of these narcissistic themes can enlarge our
      understanding of the current cultural and intrapsychic narcissistic phenomena. By
      examining how Joe Gideon in All That Jazz and Sandy Bates in Stardust Memories
      approach relationships with significant figures in their lives, how they deal
      with the mid-life crisis, and how they struggle with the knowledge of the
      inevitability of personal death provide insights about the vicissitudes of
      narcissism at a particular point in the male adult life-cycle.

PMID- 6436854
TI  - The therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid and EDTA in manic-depressive psychosis:
      double-blind comparisons with standard treatments.
AB  - The effect of ascorbic acid and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in the
      treatment of manic-depressive psychosis was compared, using double-blind
      procedures, with recognized treatment regimes. There was no significant
      difference between the response of depressed patients to amitriptyline or
      ascorbic acid and EDTA. Manic patients responded significantly better to lithium
      than to ascorbic acid and EDTA. These results are in keeping with the suggestion
      that vanadium may be of aetiological importance in depressive psychosis, but do
      not support such a suggestion for mania.

PMID- 6436855
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis of a controlled trial of nurse therapy for neuroses in
      primary care.
AB  - In a randomized, controlled trial neurotic patients (mainly phobics and obsessive
      compulsives) in primary care were assigned to behavioural psychotherapy from a
      nurse therapist or to routine care from their general practitioner. At the end of
      one year clinical outcome was significantly better in patients cared for by the
      nurse therapist. Economic outcome to one year, compared with the year before
      entering the trial, showed a slight decrease in the use of resources by the nurse
      therapist group (N = 22), and an increase in resource usage in the GP-treated
      group (N = 28), mainly due to the latter's increased absence from work and more
      hospital treatment and drugs. On the reasonable assumptions that nurse therapists
      treat 46 patients a year and that such patients treated behaviourally maintain
      their gains for 2 years, the economic benefits to society from nurse therapists
      treating such patients may outweigh the costs. This excludes any monetary value
      on the substantial clinical gains such as reduction in fear and anxiety. However,
      the numbers are small, few economic differences were significant, and many
      patients either did not complete the trial or waiting-list periods or they failed
      to return economic data. Conclusions must thus be tempered with caution, even
      though pre-treatment demographic and clinical data of non-returners were
      comparable with those of returners, and though the few drop-outs who could be
      rated at one year had not improved. The findings cannot be extrapolated to other
      types of clinical problem and treatment.

PMID- 6436856
TI  - Estrogen positive feedback on LH secretion in transsexuality.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis whether there is variation in hormonal levels or
      response to hormonal manipulation that could permit a distinction between
      heterosexuals and transsexuals, we designed the following protocol: Six male-to
      female (m-to-f) transsexuals, six heterosexual control females and six female-to
      male (f-to-m) transsexuals were given estradiol benzoate (E2B) (4.5
      micrograms/kg/12 hr) for five days. In the female population, E2B treatment was
      initiated on day 5 of the menstrual cycle. In all the subjects blood luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol-17 beta (E2) and
      testosterone (T) levels were measured twice daily. Additionally, LH and FSH
      responses to LHRH (100 micrograms iv) stimulation prior to and on day 5 of the
      E2B treatment were evaluated. In the m-to-f transsexuals, T levels decreased
      sharply and progressively during estrogen treatment, along with a fall in LH and
      FSH levels. The magnitude of the LH and FSH responses to LHRH stimulation also
      decreased following estrogen administration. In the heterosexual female controls
      and in the f-to-m transsexuals, estrogen administration increased LH levels to a
      minimum of 100% above initial values from day 3 onwards. Interestingly, the
      magnitude of the LH increase in the f-to-m transsexuals was greater than that of
      the heterosexual female controls. In both groups, LHRH stimulation resulted in a
      greater LH response compared to that prior to estrogen treatment. Our present
      observations, based on blood hormonal levels and responses to hormonal
      manipulations do not permit a distinction between heterosexual females and f-to-m
      transsexuals. There was no convincing evidence for the existence of a positive
      estrogen feedback on LH secretion in m-to-f transsexuals. These results
      contradict some of the reported hypotheses concerning hormonal alterations in
      these individuals.

PMID- 6436857
TI  - Effect of atropine on the diurnal PRL responses to TRH in normal subjects.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) responses to TRH were investigated at 0900 and 1800 hr in six
      young healthy men under basal conditions and after atropine administration. TRH
      induced significantly higher PRL release during the evening administration
      compared to the morning. Atropine had no effect on basal PRL secretion. Unlike
      the reported influences of anticholinergic drugs on the diurnal PRL responses to
      other stimuli, atropine also had no effect on TRH-stimulated PRL release either
      in the morning or in the evening. These observations in part may be accounted for
      by the direct PRL-releasing effect of TRH (without neurotransmitter involvement).

PMID- 6436858
TI  - A dramatic behavioral response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone following low
      dose neuroleptics.
AB  - A dramatic improvement in mood and behavior after TRH occurred during treatment
      with low-dose neuroleptics in a patient with major depression and borderline
      personality disorder. This response was observed during both open and double
      blind trials. The administration of TRH alone or with higher dosages of
      neuroleptics, was ineffective. Twenty other patients with major depression,
      including several with borderline personality disorder, were studied in an
      identical design but did not show similar improvement.

PMID- 6436859
TI  - Communication in psychopharmacology "Asia to the East of Israel and Turkey".

PMID- 6436860
TI  - Phencyclidine-analogue self-injection by the baboon.
AB  - Self-injection of phencyclidine HCI (PCP) and four of its analogues was examined
      in baboons. IV injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever
      presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed
      each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Self-injection
      performance was first established with cocaine and, once stable, test doses of
      each drug were substituted for 15 days. All five compounds maintained maximal
      self-injection performance, differing only in their relative potencies. The order
      of potency was approximately PCP greater than NMPCA = TCPY greater than NNBPCA
      greater than ketamine. Analysis of the distribution of injections throughout the
      day indicate that lower doses (and vehicle) were injected mainly during the
      daylight hours (i.e., 9 AM-6 PM), but as the dose was increased the injections
      became more uniformly distributed. Only the highest doses of these compounds
      affected food intake, though the degree of suppression was modest. No differences
      between these compounds with respect to their abuse potential could be found.

PMID- 6436861
TI  - The effects of bromvincamine and vincamine on regional cerebral blood flow and
      mental functions in patients with multi-infarct dementia.
AB  - The effects of vincamine and bromvincamine (BV 26-723) on mental functions and
      regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by the 133Xe inhalation method, were
      investigated in ten patients with mild to severe symptoms of multi-infarct
      dementia. The double blind cross over design included three treatment periods,
      each of 2 weeks' duration. The patients were drug free at the time of the first
      investigation in each treatment period. Then placebo, vincamine or bromvincamine
      was given orally (4 X 20 mg/day). Psychiatric evaluation, psychometric assessment
      and measurement of rCBF were done at start of medication and after 1 and 2 weeks
      during medication. There were 2 drug-free weeks between the first and second, and
      second and third treatment periods. Results from treatment with vincamine showed
      a significant increase in the global CBF level and reduction of initial right
      left asymmetry of hemispheric means. No effects were seen in regional flow
      patterns. Performance score on a verbal memory test increased significantly. No
      significant effect on the global rCBF level was indicated for bromvincamine.
      However, the number of ischemic regions decreased significantly during treatment.
      Performance on two memory tests improved significantly. No significant changes in
      overall psychiatric ratings were observed for any of the treatment periods.

PMID- 6436862
TI  - Cholinergic learning deficits in the marmoset produced by scopolamine and ICV
      hemicholinium.
AB  - Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were trained to perform daily position
      discrimination learning tasks in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus.
      Acetylcholine receptor blockade with scopolamine was found to impair position
      learning. Testing on the day after scopolamine treatment suggested that a task
      learnt under scopolamine was not encoded into long term memory. Acetylcholine
      depletion achieved by the intraventricular injection of hemicholinium 4 h before
      testing resulted in a profound impairment of position discrimination learning. It
      is suggested that central acetylcholine depletion in primates may provide a
      useful model of senile dementia.

PMID- 6436863
TI  - Effects of d-amphetamine and morphine on delayed discrimination: signal detection
      analysis and assessment of response repetition in the performance deficits.
AB  - Signal detection analysis was used to examine the effects of d-amphetamine and of
      morphine on delayed visual discrimination (delay intervals: 0-4-8-16 s) in male
      rats. The probability of response repetition in the discrete trial two-choice
      discrimination procedure was used as an additional behavioral measure. d
      Amphetamine (0.16-0.33 mg/kg) decreased SI ( a measure of the animals'
      sensitivity to the discriminative stimuli) at delays between stimulus
      presentation and opportunity for responding of 4-16 s, and did not affect SI at
      the 0 s delay. Morphine (1-3 mg/kg) decreased SI at all delay conditions. d
      Amphetamine, but not morphine, affected RI (a measure of the animals' bias
      towards responding on one lever or the other) and increased the probability of
      response repetition. The bias measure B inches was affected neither by d
      amphetamine nor by morphine. It is concluded that d-amphetamine, but not
      morphine, produces a deterioration of delayed discrimination performance,
      probably as a result of drug-induced response perseveration. It is suggested
      that, under the conditions of the present study, the selective deterioration of
      discrimination performance after d-amphetamine at delays which are longer than 0
      s may not be primarily related to a drug-induced disruption of a short-term
      memory mechanism, but may be related to drug effects on response output.

PMID- 6436864
TI  - Ingestive behaviour of the pigeon: stereoselective influence of the opiate
      agonist levorphanol and its antagonism by naloxone.
AB  - Four experiments evaluated the effect of levorphanol on ingestive behaviour of
      different groups of non-deprived pigeons. In experiments 1 and 2, levorphanol and
      its (+)stereoisomer dextrorphan were administered at three doses (0.25, 1 and 2
      mg). As compared with control values, levorphanol dose-dependently reduced food
      intake. This anorexia persisted for at least 5 h post-injection. A late
      hyperdipsia was also observed. These changes were stereoselective, suggesting
      that they followed the binding of levorphanol to opiate receptors. In experiments
      3 and 4, the anorexic effect of 1 mg levorphanol, but not its hyperdipsic effect,
      was partly antagonized by the concomitant administration of either 0.25 mg or 1
      mg naloxone. Given alone at the dose of 1 mg, naloxone slightly and transiently
      reduced food, but not water, intake. These results are discussed in terms of the
      endorphinergic regulation of ingestive behaviour in birds.

PMID- 6436865
TI  - Dissociable effects of 6-OHDA-induced lesions of neostriatum on anorexia,
      locomotor activity and stereotypy: the role of behavioural competition.
AB  - The effect of 6-OHDA-induced lesions of neostriatum on locomotor activity,
      stereotypy and anorexia induced by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 5.0
      mg/kg IP) was examined. Lesioned rats demonstrated attenuated stereotypy and
      anorexia but enhanced locomotor activity to amphetamine. Biochemical analysis of
      dopamine and noradrenaline in specific forebrain areas demonstrated significant
      dopamine depletion in neostriatum. Dopamine levels in mesolimbic, frontal cortex
      and hypothalamic areas, and noradrenaline in frontal cortex and hypothalamic
      areas, were not significantly reduced. The data were interpreted in terms of a
      response incompatibility hypothesis. It is proposed that stereotyped responses
      mediated by nigrostriatal dopamine neurones are incompatible with eating. In
      addition, it is suggested that a second form of competition, at the neuro
      anatomical level, occurs between mesolimbic and nigrostriatal systems for motor
      output pathways and the ultimate expression of behaviour. The role of
      noradrenaline in amphetamine anorexia is also discussed.

PMID- 6436866
TI  - Gabaergic modulation of mouse-killing in the rat.
AB  - When GABA-potentiating compounds were administered IP to rats with prior
      experience of mouse-killing behaviour, a reduction of killing was observed with
      gamma-vinyl GABA (200 and 400 mg/kg) and nipecotic acid amide (400 mg/kg), while
      no significant effect was noted following injection of dipropylacetate or THIP.
      The inhibitory effects of gamma-vinyl GABA and nipecotic acid amide were not
      reversed by subsequent injection of picrotoxin and were associated with sedation
      as observed in open field and actograph tests. When GABA-potentiating compounds
      were administered to food-deprived rats exposed for the first time to a mouse
      (initial elicitation), administration of gamma-vinyl GABA, dipropylacetate,
      nipecotic acid amide or THIP increased the incidence of mouse-killing behaviour.
      Conversely, the incidence of mouse-killing under the same conditions was reduced
      following injections of picrotoxin. These results do not support the hypothesis
      that the general activation of GABAergic mechanisms inhibits mouse-killing
      behaviour in rats. On the contrary, data obtained in naive animals suggest that
      potentiation of these mechanisms actually facilitates the initial elicitation of
      this behaviour.

PMID- 6436867
TI  - Cimetidine-induced alterations in desipramine plasma concentrations.
AB  - Concurrent administration of cimetidine for 4 days to eight patients taking
      maintenance doses of desipramine led to significant elevations of desipramine (P
      less than 0.001) and its hydroxylated metabolite 2-hydroxydesipramine (P less
      than 0.001). The mean increase in desipramine plasma levels was 51% and that for
      2-hydroxydesipramine was 46%. The present results suggest that tricyclic
      antidepressant plasma level monitoring might be indicated for certain patients
      taking concurrent cimetidine and desipramine.

PMID- 6436868
TI  - Ascorbic acid and performance in man.
AB  - Effects on performance of 1, 2 and 4 g ascorbic acid were studied from 0.5-5.5 h
      after ingestion in six healthy females. Diazepam (5 mg) was included as an active
      control, and it impaired digit symbol substitution, visuomotor coordination and
      complex reaction time. There were no effects of any dose of ascorbic acid on
      performance.

PMID- 6436869
TI  - The effect of amitriptyline treatment on the growth hormone response to
      apomorphine.
AB  - The growth hormone response to subcutaneous administration of the dopamine
      agonist apomorphine (0.005 mg/kg) was assessed in six normal male subjects before
      and at the end of a course of amitriptyline. Amitriptyline treatment
      significantly reduced the growth hormone response to apomorphine, confirming the
      findings of an earlier study in depressed patients. The way in which
      amitriptyline attenuates the effect of apomorphine is not clear. Direct blockade
      of dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus is a possibility, but long-term
      amitriptyline treatment could result in adaptive changes in the monoamine
      pathways which control GH release.

PMID- 6436870
TI  - Effect of the memory-improving substance methylglucamine orotate on paradoxical
      sleep in rats.
AB  - The effects of methylglucamine orotate (MGO) were studied on polygraphic sleep
      recordings in rats for 8 h per day between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. MGO (225 mg/kg) was
      injected intraperitoneally immediately prior to the onset of recording. In the
      acute experiment, the effect of MGO was compared to pre- and post-drug control
      days. In the chronic experiment, a sequence of 5 control days, 10 days of MGO
      treatment, and a further 8 control days was tested. Both acute and chronic
      administration of MGO resulted in increased paradoxical sleep (PS) latency and a
      small, but significant, decrease in PS during the first 4 h after injection. This
      effect seems to be specific to PS, as no effects of MGO on waking or total sleep
      were found. With chronic administration, no PS rebound occurred within the 8-h
      recording time during the 8-day post-treatment control period. How the RNA
      precursor can decrease PS and whether this effect may play a role in the memory
      improving action of the substance is discussed in terms of an interrelationship
      between macromolecular synthesis, sleep, and memory, respectively.

PMID- 6436871
TI  - Central mediation of the conditioned taste aversion induced in rats by harmaline.
AB  - The assumption that drugs used as unconditioned stimuli in conditioned taste
      aversion (CTA) studies act centrally was tested by comparing the effects of
      systemic and intracerebral injections of harmaline hydrochloride (H) in 340 rats.
      Intraperitoneal injection of 5-20 mg/kg but not of 2.5 mg/kg H administered 5 min
      after 15-min saccharin (0.1%) drinking decreased saccharin-water preference in a
      two-choice retention test, performed 48 h later, from 55% to 20%. Since CTA was
      not diminished when H (10 mg/kg) was injected into rats anesthetised immediately
      after saccharin drinking by pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), H (1.7-50 micrograms) was
      administered intracerebrally to anesthetised rats fixed in the stereotaxic
      apparatus. Injection of 3-6 micrograms H into the inferior olive elicited CTA
      comparable to that of systemic injection of 10 mg/kg H. Injections of 6 and 50
      micrograms H into cerebellum and bulbar reticular formation elicited weaker CTA
      while neocortical, hypothalamic and mesencephalic applications were ineffective.
      CTA could also be elicited when 50 micrograms but not 6 micrograms H was injected
      into the inferior olive 1 or 2 h after saccharin drinking. This delay-dependent
      effect and failure of non-contingent H administration to change saccharin
      preference indicates that the H-induced CTA is not contaminated by a non-specific
      increase in neophobia. It is concluded that H probably elicits CTA by activation
      of caudal bulbar structures, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, area
      postrema and lateral reticular formation.

PMID- 6436872
TI  - Sodium valproate: effects on social behaviour and physical development in the
      mouse.
AB  - Sodium valproate given in drinking fluid at 600 mg/l (160-180 mg/kg daily) to
      breeding mice did not affect fertility, birth weights or physical development of
      pups. Postnatal and postweaning administration of this dose also had no effects
      upon development or weight gain. The offspring ingested 103-158 mg/kg valproate
      daily after weaning. Behaviour was examined in a neutral enclosure by ethological
      methods. Offspring exposed to valproate in utero and throughout postnatal life
      showed no behavioural changes at 5 weeks, although at 15 weeks Immobility was
      reduced in females and Social Investigation increased. At 25 weeks when
      encountering mice of the opposite sex, treated males showed increase in Social
      Investigation and treated females increases in Other Non-social Activity.
      Postnatal and postweaning treatment with valproate caused behavioural changes
      both in juveniles and adults. After postnatal exposure, reduced Immobility with
      increased Social Investigation and Explore and Scan occurred at 5 and 15 weeks,
      at 25 weeks valproate increased Social Investigation in males encountering
      females and at 30 weeks enhanced Aggression in pair-housed males. Stimulation of
      Social Investigation was the only significant behavioural effect after
      postweaning exposure. Overall valproate appears to enhance behaviour stimulated
      by the test situation; urinary pheromones do not appear to play a part in this
      behavioural action.

PMID- 6436873
TI  - Transdermally applied scopolamine does not impair psychomotor performance.

PMID- 6436874
TI  - Trazodone--a comparison of single night-time and divided daily dosage regimens.
AB  - The antidepressant efficacy, influence on sleep variables and incidence of side
      effects of trazodone (100-400 mg daily), given either as a single night-time dose
      or thrice daily, were compared in a double-blind, 4 week, parallel group,
      multicentre hospital study. Of 56 patients who entered the study, full data was
      available for 37, of whom 20 took the medication at night and the other 17
      received divided doses during the day. The results showed equivalent therapeutic
      efficacy for the two dosage regimens and tolerance was good in both groups. For
      onset and also duration of sleep, significantly more patients in the single night
      time group improved than worsened in response. Both groups of patients tended to
      report a more satisfying sleep and greater freshness on waking, although these
      latter effects were not statistically significant. For the group taking trazodone
      thrice daily, there was a trend for more complaints of side-effects, particularly
      dry mouth, headache and drowsiness which led to more of these patients requiring
      modification of dosage. Thus trazodone appears to have clinically useful sedative
      properties. It has relatively few side-effects and these are generally reduced by
      giving a single dose at night.

PMID- 6436875
TI  - Ethanol and indomethacin interactions in motor impairment, hypnosis, and body
      temperature.
AB  - The actions of indomethacin on the effects produced by ethanol were determined in
      rats and mice by measuring motor coordination (Rotorod test), sleep times, and
      body temperatures. Mice receiving indomethacin in combination with ethanol slept
      shorter times than those receiving ethanol alone. The blood and brain ethanol
      concentrations at time of awakening were significantly higher in the mice
      receiving the combination of drugs. Ethanol actions on motor impairment in rats
      and mice and on hypothermia in mice were not altered by pharmacologically
      relevant doses of indomethacin. The data show that indomethacin antagonizes only
      some of the observed effects of ethanol. It is suggested that a common mechanism,
      such as prostaglandin synthesis, is not involved in the interactions of both
      drugs.

PMID- 6436876
TI  - Behavioral responses to apomorphine and amphetamine in differentially housed
      mice.
AB  - The climbing response to apomorphine (AP, 0.075-3.0 mg/kg) and the motor activity
      response to amphetamine (AMP, 0,3-5.0 mg/kg) were determined in grouped or
      socially isolated mice. After 4 weeks of differential housing commencing at 5
      weeks of age, the individually housed mice showed an increased response only to
      low doses of these drugs. The responses of the group-housed mice at 5 or 9 weeks
      of age were identical, ruling out an aging component to the differential
      responsiveness. Also, the response of separate groups of naive mice to acute
      treatments of saline, AP (0.15 and 3.0 mg/kg), and AMP (0.3 and 5.0 mg/kg) was
      examined at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of differential housing. With respect to age
      matched group-housed mice, a significantly greater climbing response to AP (0.15
      mg/kg) and a significantly greater locomotor activity response to AMP (0.3 mg/kg)
      were seen after 1 and 3 weeks of individual housing. There were no significant
      differences in the behavioral responses to the higher doses of AP and AMP.

PMID- 6436877
TI  - Effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation in a
      shuttle box test in rats.
AB  - Rats were permitted to turn on and off electrical stimulation of the medial
      forebrain bundle, by alternating between two photobeams running along opposite
      walls of a shuttle box. Entry into one beam (the "ON" beam) triggered the
      delivery of a succession of short, regularly occurring (1 Hz) pulse trains, which
      could be terminated by breaking the other ("OFF" beam). The two beams were
      frequently reversed. When this occurred, the rat was given a free period of 10 s
      in which to reorient, and brain stimulation reward was then assessed by the
      amount of time spent receiving brain stimulation (SST) within a fixed interval of
      time. SST increased with increasing current intensity. After training, subjects
      were tested for 10 consecutive days, alternately with saline and nicotine
      bitartrate (0.4 mg/kg SC base), and received a constant daily dose of the drug
      (0.4 mg/kg). Initially, nicotine visibly impaired motor performance for several
      minutes after injection, which may at least partly explain the observed reduction
      of SST; both effects waned across successive nicotine tests. Later in each 78 min
      session, nicotine consistently increased SST over a range of current, and drugged
      subjects entered the photobeams more frequently even when electrical stimulation
      was unavailable. d-Amphetamine sulphate (0.25, 0.75 mg/kg SC salt), given 15 min
      before testing, also increased SST and stimulated responding. The possible
      effects of motor impairment or activation on SST are discussed, and it is
      concluded that nicotine and d-amphetamine may have enhanced the rewarding
      properties of medial forebrain bundle stimulation.

PMID- 6436878
TI  - The opiate quasiwithdrawal syndrome in rhesus monkeys: comparison of naloxone
      precipitated withdrawal to effects of cholinergic agents.
AB  - The effects of the cholinergic agents UM-1046 (3-cyclopropyl-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6
      hexahydro-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-benz azo cine hydrochloride) and physostigmine in
      normal rhesus monkeys were compared to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in
      morphine-dependent subjects. The two cholinergic drugs produced effects that
      resembled one another, as well as some of the effects of naloxone in morphine
      dependent subjects. The constellation of signs produced by the cholinergic drugs,
      while overlapping, was not identical to that produced by naloxone in opiate
      dependent subjects. Although cholinergic agents produce many of the signs of
      opiate withdrawal syndrome in its complete manifestation involves many different
      neurotransmitter systems.

PMID- 6436879
TI  - Does switching to an ultra-low nicotine cigarette induce nicotine withdrawal
      effects?
AB  - Twenty-six smokers took part in a study which examined subjective and
      physiological effects of switching to an ultra-low yielding cigarette (0.1 mg
      nicotine) for 10 days. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One
      group continued smoking their usual brand while the other group switched to the
      low yielding cigarette. Subjective ratings and physiological measures were taken
      at baseline, then after 1, 3 and 10 days in the respective conditions. Plasma
      nicotine concentrations dropped by some 60% after switching. Although
      substantial, this drop was considerably less than the drop in nominal yield of
      the cigarettes (around 90%), indicating marked compensation on the part of these
      smokers. Switching to the low yielding cigarette was accompanied by a significant
      increase in hunger and a drop in heart rate. These effects typically occur
      following cigarette withdrawal. However, other common cigarette withdrawal
      symptoms, such as irritability, depression, and inability to concentrate, were
      not detected.

PMID- 6436880
TI  - Conditioned place preference: an evaluation of morphine's positive reinforcing
      properties.
AB  - The place-preference paradigm was evaluated as a measure of morphine's positive
      reinforcing properties. Previous place-preference studies obtained a morphine
      place preference of 26%-63%. In order to examine whether differences in procedure
      may account for this scatter, the present experiment investigated whether there
      is any difference in the absolute magnitude of preference when animals are
      conditioned on their non-preferred side of the box or when animals are randomly
      assigned to the side of conditioning. Furthermore, the number of conditioning
      days was extended with 3 intervening test days, and drug doses were doubled
      following each test day. The results showed no significant difference between
      conditioning animals on their non-preferred side or randomly assigning them to
      the side of conditioning. However, by extending the number of conditioning days,
      as well as by following the drug regimen used, the animals showed a greater
      magnitude of preference than that observed in previous studies. The implications
      of these findings for the usage of this paradigm as a measure of morphine's
      positive reinforcing properties are discussed.

PMID- 6436881
TI  - Glucose protects DBA/2J mice from audiogenic seizures: correlation with brain
      glycogen levels.
AB  - The time courses of changes in liver, blood, and brain cortical glucose and
      glycogen levels were measured in 21-day-old DBA/2J mice after an IP injection of
      10 g/kg glucose. Other mice were injected with glucose and tested for
      susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (AGS). Susceptibility to AGS fell from
      maximal levels to complete protection by 4 h, remained low through 6 h, then
      began to return to control levels by 8 h. Liver, blood, and brain glucose levels
      all rose to a peak soon after the injection, then fell linearly and returned to
      control levels by 6-8 h. Changes in brain glycogen levels reflected changes in
      AGS susceptibility.

PMID- 6436882
TI  - Homovanillic acid in rat caudate and prefrontal cortex following phencyclidine
      and amphetamine.
AB  - Phencyclidine (PCP) and d-amphetamine (AMP) had different effects upon
      homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in rat prefrontal cortex as compared to caudate.
      Lower doses of PCP increased HVA in prefrontal cortex only while lower doses of
      AMP decreased HVA in caudate alone. Higher doses of both drugs produced a
      decreased HVA in caudate and an increase in prefrontal cortex. At some doses PCP
      may selectively activate mesocortical dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 6436883
TI  - Urinary adrenaline concentrations during 10 days of smoking abstinence.
AB  - Urinary adrenaline concentrations were measured in 17 subjects during 10 days of
      cigarette abstinence. Adrenaline concentrations dropped significantly in the
      first 3 days of cigarette withdrawal. This was followed by a significant rise.
      More subjects showed a U-shaped function of adrenaline over time than would be
      expected by chance. The evidence suggests that the drop in urinary adrenaline
      concentration following cigarette withdrawal does not merely constitute a return
      to a non-smoking state, but includes an element of rebound resulting from loss of
      a component of smoking, probably nicotine, to which adaptation has occurred.

PMID- 6436884
TI  - Effects of some volatile sedative-hypnotics on punished behavior.
AB  - Lever-press responses of rats were established under a schedule in which punished
      and unpunished responding alternated. Every 30th response produced food
      (unpunished responding) during an alternate schedule component, while every tenth
      response produced both food and shock (punished responding) during an alternate
      schedule component. Each schedule component was correlated with a different
      visual stimulus. Unpunished behavior was characterized by high sustained rates
      which followed brief pauses after food delivery. Punished behavior occurred at
      less than 10% the rate of unpunished behavior. Oral administration of diazepam,
      ethchlorvynol, chloral hydrate, tertiary-butanol, and ethanol all produced marked
      dose-related increases in punished behavior at doses that decreased or had little
      effect on unpunished responding. Potency estimates for increasing punished
      responding varied over a 400-fold range. The potency ranking was diazepam greater
      than ethchlorvynol greater than chloral hydrate greater than tertiary-butanol
      greater than ethanol. Higher doses of all drugs decreased unpunished responding
      with relative potencies comparable to those found for doses producing maximal
      increases in punished responding. Increases in punished behavior appear to be a
      characteristic feature of drugs with sedative-hypnotic properties.

PMID- 6436885
TI  - Effects of water temperature and weight of wheel load on water wheel turning
      behavior of imipramine administered mice.
AB  - This experiment investigated the effect of imipramine on water wheel turning
      behavior in relation to the water temperature and the wheel load. It was shown
      that the higher the water temperature, the more the mice rotated the wheel, and
      the greater the wheel load, the less mice rotated it. However, these factors did
      not reduce the effect of imipramine, which increased the number of responses. It
      was suggested that the water wheel test shows promise as a screening test for
      antidepressants.

PMID- 6436886
TI  - Phenylethylamine-induced stereotypies in the rat: a behavioral test system for
      assessment of MAO-B inhibitors.
AB  - Stereotyped sniffing behavior together with forepaw padding--defined as the beta
      phenylethylamine (PEA) syndrome--is induced by MAO-B inhibitors in rats injected
      with 30 mg/kg IP PEA. The comparison of the abilities of the MAO-B inhibitors to
      induce the syndrome and to inhibit MAO-B in rat brain homogenates indicated that
      at least 75% of MAO-B activity in rat brain had to be inhibited to induce the PEA
      syndrome. A good correlation was found between the abilities of MAO-B inhibitors
      to induce the behavioral syndrome and to increase levels of PEA in rat brain.
      Specific MAO-A inhibitors potentiated the behavioral effect of the MAO-B
      inhibitor deprenyl, while they did not induce the syndrome themselves or only at
      very high doses. Inhibitors of the reuptake of 5-HT or noradrenaline were
      inactive under the described experimental conditions. This behavioral test system
      seems to be a useful in vivo screening test in rats for detecting compounds with
      strong MAO-B inhibiting activity.

PMID- 6436887
TI  - Effects of phencyclidine, haloperidol, and naloxone on fixed-interval performance
      in rats.
AB  - Phencyclidine (PCP), haloperidol, and naloxone were administered alone and in
      combination to rats responding under a fixed-interval schedule for water
      presentation. Lower doses of PCP (0.25-2.0 mg/kg) and naloxone (0.001-0.1 mg/kg)
      produced increases while higher doses produced dose-dependent decreases in
      response rate. Haloperidol (0.0625-0.5 mg/kg) produced a monotonic dose-dependent
      decrease in responding. When a dose of naloxone (8.0 mg/kg) that did not alter
      responding was administered prior to the PCP, the PCP dose-response curve was
      shifted to 6.5-fold lower doses of PCP. When a dose of haloperidol (0.0625 mg/kg)
      that did not alter responding was administered prior to the PCP, the PCP dose
      response curve was shifted to 1.5-fold higher dose of PCP. These observations are
      discussed in relation to current views of the mechanism of PCP action.

PMID- 6436888
TI  - Quantification of imipramine and its major metabolites in whole blood, brain, and
      other tissues of the rat by liquid chromatography.
AB  - An assay procedure is presented using high-performance liquid chromatography and
      fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of imipramine, desipramine,
      and their 2-hydroxylated metabolites in whole blood and various tissues of the
      rat. By modifying methods previously described for plasma, we have developed an
      assay method for sensitive, reproducible quantitation of these compounds in rat
      plasma, whole blood, brain, liver, and fetus. Increasing the volume of the
      extraction solvent (20% butanol in hexane) increased recovery of imipramine and
      desipramine to greater than 90% for all tissues examined. No interfering peaks
      were observed for any of the tissues studied. Addition of n-butylamine as a
      modifier to the mobile phase decreased the retention of all four compounds and
      decreased peak tailing of the demethylated compounds. The total elution time was
      less than 15 min. Using these methods the coefficient of variation for all four
      compounds was generally less than 5% for each of the five tissues examined. The
      calibration curves were linear for standard concentrations of 25-2,000 ng/ml
      spiked tissue homogenate. This method has sufficient sensitivity and specificity
      for use in pharmacokinetic studies of imipramine.

PMID- 6436889
TI  - Effect of intrastriatal administration of cholinergic and GABAergic agonists on
      apomorphine-induced circling.
AB  - The objectives of this study were (1) to clarify the effects of muscarinic and
      GABAergic agonists administered directly into the striatum on the circling
      behavior produced by dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation and (2) to determine
      whether the effects produced by these drugs are independent or are mediated
      through an interaction with GABAergic or cholinergic neuronal systems. Circling
      behavior was produced by the administration of apomorphine (AP) to rats
      previously injected into their right substantia nigra with 6-hydroxydopamine (6
      OHDA). The circling induced by AP (0.5 mg/kg SC) reached a peak rate 5-10 min
      after injection. The intrastriatal administration of pilocarpine, a muscarinic
      receptor agonist, 10 min after AP administration produced a dose-dependent
      inhibition of the AP-induced circling. Similarly, several GABAmimetic drugs
      (muscimol, GABA, chlordiazepoxide, sodium valproate) also inhibited AP-induced
      circling in a dose-dependent manner. The intrastriatal administration of
      scopolamine, which blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, reversed the
      inhibitory effect of pilocarpine but not that of muscimol. However, picrotoxin,
      the GABAergic antagonist, reversed the inhibitory effect of both pilocarpine and
      muscimol. These results suggest that the stimulation of either muscarinic or
      GABAergic receptors in the striatum inhibits the effects of DA receptor
      stimulation. The inhibitory effect produced by pilocarpine may involve the
      activation of GABAergic receptors, presumably through stimulation of GABAergic
      neurons and subsequent release of GABA.

PMID- 6436890
TI  - The separate and combined effects of scopolamine and nicotine on human
      information processing.
AB  - Previous work in this and another laboratory has shown that nicotine tablets
      improve the performance of a rapid information processing task and reduce the
      Stroop effect, whereas scopolamine has the opposite effects. The purpose of this
      study was to extend these previous findings by determining whether, when
      administered together, these two drugs have mutually antagonistic effects on task
      performance. Two experiments are reported, both using within-subjects double
      blind Latin Square designs. In the first, six subjects received single and
      combined doses of scopolamine 1.2 mg and nicotine 1.5 mg, and there was some
      evidence that the two drugs had mutually antagonistic effects on the rapid
      information processing task. In the second experiment 12 subjects received the
      same doses, but rapid information processing testing was carried out over a
      longer time period and Stroop testing was introduced at the end of the 2.5 h
      session. Nicotine was found to counteract the depression of performance produced
      by scopolamine on both the rapid information task and the Stroop test. These
      results provide further support for the theory that central cholinergic pathways
      play a major role in human information processing.

PMID- 6436891
TI  - Effects of caffeine use and ingestion on a protracted visual vigilance task.
AB  - College students (12 female, 12 male) were assigned to either higher caffeine
      user (HCU) or lower caffeine user (LCU) groups based on a caffeine usage survey.
      Prior to testing, subjects ingested either placebo or 195 or 325 mg caffeine.
      They then performed a visual vigilance task measuring response blocks, discrete
      responses (hits and false alarms), reaction times, and a Mood Check List using a
      double-blind design. HCU made significantly fewer hits, more false alarms, and
      also responded faster than LCU. No significant main effects of caffeine
      administration were found. In the mood analyses, male subjects were more anxious
      at the end of the experiment. Overall, the user factor (HCU versus LCU) was the
      most potent experimental variable.

PMID- 6436892
TI  - Catecholamine metabolism during clonidine withdrawal.
AB  - Abrupt cessation of clonidine treatment in hypertensive patients may precipitate
      a withdrawal syndrome. Since this drug is likely to be more widely prescribed to
      normotensive patients with neuropsychiatric diseases, we studied neurochemical,
      cardiovascular, and behavioral changes upon placebo substitution in seven
      patients receiving clonidine (6 micrograms/kg/day for 3 weeks) for treatment of
      alcohol amnestic disorder. Urinary excretion of all major catecholamine
      metabolites returned to pretreatment levels 3-5 days after discontinuing
      clonidine, without significant overshoot. The percentage increase during
      clonidine withdrawal of the norepinephrine metabolite normetanephrine was greater
      than were those of vanillylmandelic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG),
      or the epinephrine metabolite metanephrine. Excretion of the dopamine metabolites
      homovanillic acid and 3-methoxytyramine did not change. Total plasma MHPG, heart
      rate, and mean arterial pressure were significantly elevated above pretreatment
      values 72 h after the last dose of clonidine. There was an enhancement of
      episodic memory compared to predrug values but no other behavioral changes were
      noted during clonidine withdrawal. These findings are consistent with augmented
      catecholamine release and central noradrenergic activation which may produce
      psychopathology in some psychiatric patients during clonidine withdrawal.

PMID- 6436893
TI  - Influence of naloxone on antidepressant drug effects in the forced swimming test
      in mice.
AB  - The influence of naloxone on the effects of several antidepressant drugs,
      atropine and caffeine was studied in the forced swimming test in mice. Naloxone
      itself has no effect in this test, but significantly reduces that of two
      tricyclic antidepressants, clomipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg) and desipramine (20 and
      30 mg/kg). Except for clorgyline at the high dose of 60 mg/kg, no significant
      reduction of activity by naloxone was observed with other antidepressants
      (pargyline, nomifensine and mianserin), nor with caffeine and atropine. These
      results are discussed in terms of the pharmacological characteristics of each
      drug and of the test used. No straightforward interaction between cholinergic or
      monoaminergic and endorphinic systems is evident. Possible action at opiate
      receptor sites is discussed.

PMID- 6436894
TI  - Central depressant action of cesium in mice.
AB  - Cesium chloride (CsCl) at several dose levels (1.25-20.0 mEq/kg IP) was
      administered acutely to albino mice whose behavior was compared with that in
      corresponding saline controls. Motor activity decreased and Straub tail occurred
      in a dose-related manner. Signs of autonomic disturbance, diarrhea, and
      salivation were seen with toxic doses. Subchronic administration of CsCl (5.0
      mEq/kg/day IP for 7 days) exerted a phenothiazine-like effect in mice, reducing
      amphetamine-induced aggregation toxicity and enhancing pentobarbital-induced
      hypnosis. The antinociceptive action of morphine was unaltered by identical
      multiple administrations of CsCl. These results indicate a specific
      neurosuppressant action of CsCl on mouse CNS and suggest exploration of this
      alkali earth metal for antipsychotic-like activity.

PMID- 6436895
TI  - A study of the effects of clonidine on the EEG in rats treated with single and
      multiple doses of antidepressants.
AB  - The influence of repeated and single administrations of desipramine,
      amitryptiline, and mianserin on the EEG effects of clonidine has been
      investigated in rats implanted with chronic cortical electrodes. Clonidine
      induced a dose-dependent EEG synchronization in control animals. Signs of
      behavioral depression occurred after administration of moderate (0.1 mg/kg) and
      higher (0.2 mg/kg) doses of clonidine. Single doses of desipramine and
      amitryptiline attenuated the clonidine effect, while mianserine potentiated
      clonidine-induced synchronization. Antidepressants given once daily for 14 days
      completely (desipramine and amitryptiline) or partially (mianserin) reduced the
      effect of clonidine. Antidepressants alone produced only a slight effect on
      cortical EEG pattern.

PMID- 6436896
TI  - Effects of diazepam on behavior and dopamine-containing substantia nigra units in
      freely moving cats.
AB  - Administration of diazepam at doses that produced ataxia (5-10 mg/kg IP)
      significantly decreased the discharge rate of substantia-nigral dopamine
      containing neurons by 28.1% in freely moving cats. Diazepam also altered the
      characteristic decremental bursting pattern of these neurons, producing a steady
      rhythmic discharge pattern. Similar results were obtained with another centrally
      acting muscle-relaxant drug, mephenesin. However, the peripherally acting muscle
      relaxant dantrolene did not produce these effects. These data suggest that
      diazepam and other centrally acting muscle relaxants may produce their effects on
      motoric behavior in part by altering the dopaminergic input to the striatum.

PMID- 6436897
TI  - Differential improvements from haloperidol in two types of schizophrenics.
AB  - Two types of schizophrenic patients, 27 with a high and 21 with a low energetic
      level, were treated for 3 weeks under double blind conditions with 16 (24
      patients) or 80 mg (24 patients) haloperidol orally per day. The patients were
      rated by the ward psychiatrist as markedly or not markedly improved. Evaluation
      made by odds ratio comparison showed that (1) patients with a high energetic
      level (plus-type patients) improved with low doses whereas (2) patients with a
      low energetic level (minus-type patients) improved with high doses of
      haloperidol.

PMID- 6436898
TI  - Effects of intermittent haloperidol treatment on dopamine receptor sensitivity in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Intermittent haloperidol treatment in guinea pigs caused an increase in the
      behavioral response to apomorphine and an increase in 3H-spiroperidol binding in
      the striatum to the same degree as continual haloperidol treatment. These results
      do not support the claim that drug holidays can reduce the incidence of tardive
      dyskinesia.

PMID- 6436899
TI  - Stress management at the worksite for hypertension: compliance, cost-benefit,
      health care and hypertension-related variables.
AB  - The blood pressure-lowering effects of a group stress management program
      conducted with hypertensive employees at the worksite were assessed and
      replicated. Both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were
      significantly reduced from a baseline period to the end of a 10-week stress
      management training period (Group T1, N = 22). A control Group, T2 (N = 18),
      showed no significant SBP and DBP reduction over a comparable time period. When
      Group T2 was then given stress management training, the resulting SBP and DBP
      reductions were significant. When BP was recorded 3 years later, there were
      significant reductions for both SBP and DBP. Thirty percent of the subjects who
      had a medication regimen responded with BP judged to be a clinically significant
      reduction. The frequency of relaxation practice and the amount of BP reduction
      achieved during relaxation practice were significantly correlated with BP
      reduction after the stress management program. It was also found that the stress
      management program lowered health care costs and increased health supportive
      behavior.

PMID- 6436900
TI  - Seizures, water intoxication in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6436901
TI  - Ion content and the response of L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells to X rays and
      ionophore A23187.
AB  - We examined the response of L5178Y-S (radiosensitive, LY-S) and L5178Y-R
      (radioresistant, LY-R) lymphoblasts to X-irradiation with concomittant treatment
      with divalent cation ionophore, A23187 (3 h or 5 h, 5 micrograms/ml). Cells
      treated with A23187 alone progressed through the cell cycle more slowly than the
      untreated cells and their cloning efficiency was reduced. In both cell strains
      the ionophore prolonged duration of the postirradiation mitotic delay. Radiation
      induced inhibition of DNA synthesis was reversed by A23187 in LY-S but not in LY
      R cells. Cells subjected to the ionophore treatment survived X-irradiation in
      almost the same way as untreated cells, as if the effect of A23187 treatment were
      reversed by irradiation. There was also a reversion in the ion content: A23187
      caused a marked increase in Na+ content and a decrease in K+ content, irradiation
      itself did not change the ion content, whereas in the A23187-treated cells it
      restored almost the same pattern as that found in the control cells. We found
      less Mg2+ ions in LY-S cells after treatment with A23187 and A23187 + X than in
      LY-R cells, in relation to untreated (control) cells. These observations point to
      the possible importance of ion transport for recovery from radiation damage.

PMID- 6436902
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is performed for the relief of biliary
      obstruction, usually on a malignant basis. The basic pathology and indications
      for the procedure are discussed, and the technical materials and methods are
      detailed. The role of the radiologic technologist in performing this procedure is
      emphasized.

PMID- 6436903
TI  - Giant cell tumor: ossification in soft-tissue implants.
AB  - Benign giant cell tumor of bone may be implanted into the surrounding soft
      tissues at the time of surgery or pathologic fracture. These soft-tissue implants
      may produce ossification that is radiographically visible. A review of the
      available radiographs of 400 cases of giant cell tumor from the Mayo Clinic and
      700 cases seen in consultation yielded 17 examples of this phenomenon. In all but
      one case, the ossification was found at the periphery of the implant. The
      radiographic appearance of these implants is characteristic. Recognition of this
      appearance is necessary so that the tumor may be totally eradicated.

PMID- 6436904
TI  - Role of cardiac biopsy in the diagnosis and management of cardiac disease.

PMID- 6436905
TI  - Nursing management of the patient with hepatitis B.

PMID- 6436906
TI  - Nurse education: the state of play.

PMID- 6436907
TI  - Multiple gastric diverticulosis: report of a case.
AB  - A case of multiple gastric diverticula with pyloric stenosis is reported here.
      More than 30 diverticula were located throughout the stomach except in the
      pyloric antrum. The diverticula were divided into two types according to shape:
      shallow depression and mushroom-like outpouching. This case has the greatest
      number of gastric diverticula ever reported.

PMID- 6436908
TI  - Heavy charged particle irradiation of human cancers.
AB  - One of the attractive areas of radiation oncological research is the study of
      improved local and regional control of resistant tumors through delivery of more
      effective radiation therapy. A number of potentially useful modalities are under
      study including combinations of debulking surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy
      and radiotherapy, hypoxic cell sensitizers and radiotherapy, hyperthermia, and
      multiple daily fractionation of photon irradiation. Radiotherapy with pions,
      helium and heavier charged particles have several advantageous characteristics
      for accomplishing this goal. At the University of California Lawrence Berkeley
      Laboratory (LBL) we have been studying the use of radiotherapy with helium and
      heavier charged particles which have several advantageous characteristics for
      delivery of cancerocidal therapy to deep seated tumors. These include greater
      localization of the radiation dose to the target volume as well as potentially
      greater tumor cell-killing potency relative to normal cell damage: A significant
      lessening of the radiation protective effect of hypoxia on tumor cells may be
      expected when radiation exposures are made with ions heavier than atomic number
      10. Heavy ions also depress enzymatic repair mechanisms, decrease variations in
      radiosensitivity during the cell division cycle, cause greater than expected
      delay in cell division and decrease the protective effects of neighbouring cells
      in organized systems. A potential clinical advantage may result from irradiation
      with heavy ions in the atomic number range of 10-15 if a significant difference
      in the above parameters can be found between normal tissues and tumors.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6436909
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies of thyroxine binding globulin concentrations
      in blood by radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 6436910
TI  - The use of epidemiology and clinical toxicology to assess environmental health
      problems.
AB  - Historically, epidemiology has played an important role in the changes that have
      taken place over time as epidemics of important infectious diseases have been
      replaced with modern epidemics of chronic, degenerative diseases such as elevated
      blood pressure, various types of cancers, diabetes, and stroke, among others. Two
      illustrations of the early uses of epidemiologic methods in investigations of
      disease outbreaks are described in the work of John Snow, who described outbreaks
      of cholera in the 1800s (1936, Snow on Cholera, Commonwealth Fund, New York), and
      J. Goldberger, who investigated the incidence of pellagra in the early 1900s
      (1964, Goldberger on Pellagra, M. Terris, ed., Louisiana State Univ. Press, Baton
      Rouge). The more contemporary use of epidemiology and clinical toxicology to
      assess the outcome of human exposure to environmental contaminants in the food
      supply are described for exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and to
      the polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). Exposure to the PCBs has occurred in a
      variety of locations worldwide, with the greatest exposure taking place in
      individuals of many countries who consume fish and in Japan and Taiwan through
      contaminated cooking oil. Exposure to PBBs has essentially been limited to the
      State of Michigan where widespread contamination of cattle, dairy products, and
      poultry has taken place.

PMID- 6436911
TI  - [After-care problems and complications of percutaneous biliary drainage].
AB  - This is a follow-up study of 171 patients concerning the patients' care and
      complications following biliary drainage. Complications caused by puncture and
      drainage are considered separately. External biliary drainage resulted in 39%,
      internal in 26% with complications. The influence of advantages and side effects
      upon the indications of biliary drainage is discussed. Prognosis concerning the
      survival rate depends on the underlying pathology: In obstructive jaundice caused
      by metastases the patients only survived two months while the mean survival rate
      in carcinoma of the biliary ducts is 18 months.

PMID- 6436912
TI  - [Computed tomographic staging of hypernephroid carcinoma].
AB  - In 68 patients with renal cell carcinoma computed tomographic staging was
      compared to the histopathologic staging. The classification based to the staging
      scheme developed by Robson. The CT criticized the tumor stages correctly in 82%.
      Consequently CT is superior to angiography, especially in detecting infiltration
      of the peri- and pararenal space and of lymph node metastases. Difficulties were
      found in detecting tumor extension into the renal vein near by the renal hilus.

PMID- 6436913
TI  - Diagnosis of emphysema on chest radiographs.
AB  - To evaluate how well pulmonary emphysema could be diagnosed on routine chest
      radiographs by using generally known criteria, a radio-pathologic correlative
      study was performed in 88 unselected patients with post-mortem verification of
      emphysema. The signs used were: I. Signs of overinflation as (a) blunting of the
      costophrenic sinuses and/or depression of the dome of the right diaphragm, (b)
      widening of the retrosternal airspace and (c) a right or obtuse
      sternodiaphragmatic angle, II. Irregular radiolucencies. III. Arterial
      deficiency. If two or more of the above signs were present, a total accuracy of
      77% in detecting emphysema was achieved. The irregular radiolucency and arterial
      deficiency signs were sensitive but less accurate than those of overinflation.

PMID- 6436914
TI  - [Malignant pleural mesotheliomas. Comparison of roentgenologic and autopsy
      findings].
AB  - In 100 pleural mesotheliomas follow up x-ray studies were compared to autopsy
      findings. Initially x-ray examinations show effusions in 62%, diffuse pleural
      thickening in 29% and solitary pleural nodules in 6%, prior to death effusions
      and pleural thickening are usually combined. In 17 tumor nodules doubling times
      ranged from 0.5 to 3 months. The epithelial type of mesotheliomas is
      predominantly combined with pleural effusions, while pleural thickening is more
      often found in the mesenchymal type of the tumor.

PMID- 6436915
TI  - [Systemic air embolism secondary to respiratory therapy in the newborn].
AB  - Air embolism are a rare complication of assisted ventilation in the neonatal
      period. An example is described and the radiological appearances are illustrated.
      Possible means by which air could enter the vascular system are discussed.

PMID- 6436916
TI  - [Computed tomography of the sella turcica contents in the transverse and frontal
      planes].
AB  - Computed tomography of the pituitary fossa in the axial and coronal plane have
      been performed in 40 patients. The use of both planes has improved diagnostic
      accuracy through a more exact spatial demonstration. The method has also been
      reliable in the detection of pituitary microadenomas. The use of both planes has
      a limited diagnostic accuracy due artefacts in coronal plane.

PMID- 6436917
TI  - [Is it possible to diagnose idiopathic chondropathia patellae using radiologic
      methods?].
AB  - In a retrospective study of 47 cases of chondromalacia proved by operation, a
      correct diagnosis had been made by arthrography in three cases. In 44 patients a
      false negative finding had been obtained. A prospective study was carried out
      comparing single and double contrast arthrography as well as double contrast
      arthrotomography and scintigraphy in ten patients with typical chondropathia. It
      was confirmed by arthroscopy in nine cases. Only two patients with severe
      chondromalacia showed abnormal findings by arthrography or scintigraphy. Our
      investigation has led to the conclusion that arthrography is not a suitable
      method for demonstrating idiopathic chondropathia of the patella.

PMID- 6436918
TI  - [Skeletal side effects of treatment with prostaglandin E1].
AB  - The effects on the skeleton of the treatment of childhood ductus with
      prostaglandin E1 and E2 are described. Prolonged prostaglandin therapy leads to
      cortical hyperostosis of the diaphyses of long tubular bones, ribs, scapulae, and
      clavicles. There is also delay in ossification of the skull vault and widening of
      the sutures. After cessation of treatment, cortical hyperostosis in the long
      bones remains, whereas the widening of the skull sutures regresses completely.

PMID- 6436919
TI  - [Dose measurements in determining radiation exposure in mammography].
AB  - Phantom dose measurements were carried out at a mammography unit-type Siemens
      Mammomat--using LiF thermoluminescence dosimeters. Full calculative corrections
      were accomplished for the difference between the elementary composition of the
      phantom material and the human breast. As the results show, the dose required is
      smaller by about the factor 6 compared to techniques not using intensifying
      screens. The mean dose lies between 0.07 and 0.31 rd per X-ray picture.

PMID- 6436920
TI  - [Adverse reactions following high-dose intravenous injection of urographic
      contrast media].
AB  - The frequency and type of side effects from high-dose renographic contrast media
      correspond with those quoted in the literature for injections of small doses of
      contrast. In addition to the usual contra-indications against injection of
      renographic contrast, one should also consider the effect of short-lived increase
      in circulating volume in patients with left heart insufficiency.

PMID- 6436921
TI  - [Quality assurance in roentgen tomography. Initial report on a sectional phantom
      assembly for all parameters].
AB  - A tomographie phantom developed by a new principle is presented for quality
      assurance and testing of the installation as well as for postgraduate teaching
      and lectures. It is composed likely to a set for construction-games consisting of
      fitting cubes and parts. The phantom-cubes include some test objects not yet
      published. The concerning parameters and conditions of tomographic technique are
      thus able to be demonstrated separately, in a selected combination or all
      together by one exposure. All parameters are to be read off the tomogram without
      calculations or further operations. Some examples are selected out of the group
      of the parameter- and teaching-cubes.

PMID- 6436922
TI  - [Subclavian steal syndrome: congenital form with late manifestation].

PMID- 6436923
TI  - [Embolism of the intrahepatic portal vein].

PMID- 6436924
TI  - [Generalized adenomyomatosis and milk of calcium bile in the sonogram].

PMID- 6436925
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the duodenum].

PMID- 6436926
TI  - [Esophageal obstruction caused by a Zenker's diverticulum: autocompression of the
      esophagus].

PMID- 6436927
TI  - [Echinococcus cysticus in bone].

PMID- 6436928
TI  - [Thymoma with metastases in both breasts].

PMID- 6436929
TI  - Precipitin antibodies in natural fascioliasis.

PMID- 6436930
TI  - Small bowel and liver gas tensions during intravenous vasopressin infusion and
      60% oxygen ventilation.
AB  - Vasopressin has been found to significantly decrease tissue pO2 in the
      gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The aim of this study was to find out
      whether 60% oxygen ventilation could prevent the tissue hypoxia. Vasopressin was
      infused i.v. in ten piglets for 60 min. During the first 30 min they were
      ventilated by room air and for the following 30 min by 60% oxygen, which did not
      alter the intestinal tissue pO2, but liver pO2 increased to the normal level. The
      plasma lactate was significantly decreased by 60% oxygen ventilation. The
      findings in this experimental study suggest that 60% oxygen ventilation is
      indicated in the clinical use of vasopressin infusion.

PMID- 6436931
TI  - Asthma relieved by acetylsalicylic acid and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - The authors report 2 typical asthmatic cases in whom the administration of
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
      resulted in bronchodilatation. 500 mg of ASA were administered intravenously to 1
      patient and the other was treated with ASA, indomethacin, noramidopyrine
      intravenously and acetaminophen orally during a bronchospastic attack. FEV1 and
      SRAW were measured before and after drug administration. The test was repeated
      with placebo (physiological saline). FEV1 increased rapidly after ASA and NSAID
      administration. Although the pathogenesis of asthma reversed by aspirin is not
      entirely clear, the authors suggest an alteration of sensitivity of the cyclo
      oxygenase enzyme due to the inhibitory action of ASA and NSAID.

PMID- 6436932
TI  - Cerebral blood flow, oxygen, carbon dioxide tensions, and blood bicarbonate in
      controlling drive and timing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      diseases.
AB  - In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory drive as
      estimated from occlusion pressures (PO.1 and PO.1/PCO2, cm H2O/mm Hg) and
      respiratory timing (T1, T1/TTOT) were predicted accurately by multiple regression
      analysis from the respiratory parameters PO2, PCO2, and blood HCO3 in conjunction
      with estimates of cerebral blood flow. We used four linear models to obtain
      essentially the same multiple correlation coefficient, indicating that these
      independent variables are all important factors in controlling both the drive and
      timing of respiration.

PMID- 6436933
TI  - Respiratory function during pregnancy.
AB  - We studied the respiratory mechanics, acid-base status, alveolar ventilation and
      ventilatory response to hypercapnia in pregnant women at the first and third
      trimesters and postpartum. We found alveolar hyperventilation and
      hypersensitivity of the respiratory centers to carbon dioxide with no significant
      differences between the first and third trimesters. After delivery we found a
      sudden decrease in these parameters. The changes seem to be due to a direct
      primary (probably hormonal) stimulation on the medulla oblongata and cannot be
      correlated to the metabolic needs of the fetus and are aimed at favoring
      placental gas exchanges, especially at the beginning of the pregnancy, when the
      fetal cardiovascular system is not yet developed.

PMID- 6436934
TI  - Changes in clinical status and lung functions of patients with chronic
      respiratory diseases over 10 years.
AB  - After a period of 10 years the authors reexamined the respiratory health status
      of 381 dust-exposed males. Of the lung function values examined Raw, RV/TLC%, VC,
      TGV and PaO2 were found to be of significant prognostic importance. Among the
      radiological changes characteristic of silicosis the most serious B-C category,
      among the respiratory complaints dyspnoea accompanied by regular cough and
      expectoration, and among the physical changes extended rhonchi and rales
      accompanied by an emphysematous thorax are to be considered as most essential
      with respect to prognosis. Smoking habits significantly affected the total death
      rate, but did not prove to be significant with regard to respiratory death. In
      the development of bronchial obstruction recurrent febrile respiratory diseases
      proved to be more important than smoking habits and mild bronchitic complaints.

PMID- 6436935
TI  - Comparison of the bronchodilating effect of two doses of a sustained release
      theophylline.
AB  - In order to assess the dose/response ratio of two different doses of
      theophylline, the effects of two periods of 4-day treatment with 300 and 450 mg
      sustained release anhydrous theophylline (Theodur, Astra, Sweden) b.i.d. in 16 in
      patients with reversible chronic obstructive lung disease in a stable state were
      investigated in a double-blind randomized crossover study. On the 4th day in each
      treatment period, ventilatory function parameters (FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MEF25,
      MEF50), theophylline serum concentration and blood gases were measured. Asthma
      symptoms, beta 2-adrenergic aerosol use significantly different from its value
      before treatment: the mean FEV1 increase during the 300-mg period reached 12% and
      during the 450-mg period 15%. The mean difference in theophylline serum
      concentration between the periods of 300 and 450 mg reached approximately 2
      micrograms/ml, but a significant difference could not be demonstrated between
      both treatment periods, neither in the mean ventilatory parameters, nor in the
      patients preference. In spite of the use of a sustained release preparation,
      variations of serum levels of theophylline were observed individually throughout
      a 12-hour observation period: the extent of those variations differs from one
      patient to another.

PMID- 6436936
TI  - Lung function tests in connective tissue diseases associated with Raynaud's
      phenomenon.
AB  - 13 patients with various connective tissue diseases associated with Raynaud's
      phenomenon were studied with pulmonary physiologic techniques to see the
      alterations of lung functions and also whether spasm of pulmonary circulation
      occurs in these patients. We found that an increase in the dead space ventilation
      was common and associated with normal tidal volume. We interpreted this finding
      as evidence of redistribution of blood flow in the lung by spasm of blood vessels
      going to well-ventilated lung units generating a high dead space ventilation. We
      also found commonly that the distribution of inspired air in the lung was uneven,
      the diffusing capacity was reduced and the dynamic compliance decreased with
      increasing frequency of breathing suggestive of disease in small airways. The
      restrictive defect, the obstructive defect, the reduction of lung compliance and
      the arterial hypoxemia were relatively uncommon and probably occurred when the
      diseases were more advanced.

PMID- 6436937
TI  - Thromboxane mediates the increase in alveolar surfactant pool induced by free
      fatty acid infusion in the rabbit.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of free fatty acid (FFA) produces pulmonary edema and an
      increase in the alveolar surfactant content of the rabbit. In order to identify a
      likely mediator of this lung response to FFA, we used inhibitors of cyclo
      oxygenase (indomethacin, 15 mg X kg-1 i.v., or meclofenamate, 5 mg X kg-1 i.v.)
      and thromboxane synthetase inhibitors (imidazole, 50 mg X kg-1 i.v. or dazoxiben,
      2 mg X kg-1 i.v.) which were administered before FFA, 20 mg X kg-1 X min-1 i.v.,
      in four different experimental series (n = 54). Lung surfactant was measured in
      bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid by determining disaturated phosphatidylcholine
      (DSPC). Both kinds of inhibitors blocked the increase in FFA-induced DSPC. They
      increased the survival rate but they only slightly changed the post-FFA
      morphofunctional pulmonary alterations. We conclude that the increase in alveolar
      surfactant induced by FFA is likely mediated by thromboxane. This mediator would
      seem to play a minor role in the FFA-induced pulmonary edema observed.

PMID- 6436938
TI  - Effects of brain stem hypoxaemia on the regulation of breathing.
AB  - In 22 cats, anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane, the brain stem was
      artificially perfused with their own blood via a gas exchanger in which the
      central PaO2 and PaCO2 were imposed independently from the peripheral PaO2 and
      PaCO2 in the systemic arterial blood. The effects of brain stem hypoxaemia on
      ventilation and on the ventilatory responses to central and peripheral
      chemoreceptor stimulation were investigated. When the central PaO2 was lowered
      from 375 mm Hg to 100 and 50 mm Hg, keeping all other blood gas tensions
      constant, ventilation decreased on the average by 0.22 L X min-1 and 0.54 L X min
      1, respectively. The increase in ventilation due to peripheral hypoxaemia and the
      sensitivities to central and peripheral CO2 (delta VE/delta PaCO2) were
      independent of the central PaO2, despite the depression of ventilation. The
      sensitivity to central CO2 was also not influenced when central hypoxaemia was
      combined with peripheral hypoxaemia. The linear VE-VT relation was not affected
      by central hypoxaemia. Our findings suggest that the functioning of respiratory
      neurons in the brain stem is unaltered during moderate central hypoxaemia.

PMID- 6436939
TI  - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on the ability of human T lymphocytes to form
      active T rosettes.
AB  - The effect of various cellular metabolic inhibitors on the active T rosette
      formation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
      was studied. Cytochalasin B greatly inhibited SRBC rosette formation. However,
      colchicine, mytomycin C, cyclohexamide, and sodium azide had no effect. These
      results suggest that the ability of the lymphocyte to form active T rosettes is
      dependent on the lattice microfilament network, but not on the cellular
      metabolism. The effect of cytochalasin B on human peripheral blood lymphocytes
      activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), lens
      culinalis (LCH), or ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCAI) was also examined.
      Cytochalasin B significantly inhibited the active T rosette formation induced by
      LCH or RCAI, but did not inhibit that induced by PHA or WGA. This suggests that
      different cellular mechanisms are involved in the activation of lymphocytes by
      either PHA and WGA or LCH and RCAI.

PMID- 6436940
TI  - Fine-structural characterization of the somatic innervation of the tympanic
      membrane in normal, sympathectomized, and neurotoxin-denervated rats.
AB  - The pars tensa of the rat tympanic membrane (TM) consists largely of a lamina
      propria of specialized unbanded collagen bounded on the outer surface by an
      unusually thin epidermal layer and on the inner surface by a flat, single-cell
      mucosal layer. The mucosal layer is innervated solely by unmyelinated (C) axons,
      whereas the cutaneous layer is supplied by both myelinated and C axons. The outer
      surface differs from general body skin, lacking dermal papillae, hairs, sweat
      glands, and distinctive dermal corpuscular structures. Epidermal innervation
      includes distinctive terminals in the basal layer, unassociated with Merkel
      cells, and deeper intraepidermal smaller endings containing accumulations of
      mitochondria and vesicles. The sensory nature of these endings can be inferred by
      their extensive, but not total, elimination following neonatal capsaicin
      treatment (a potent neurotoxin for thin sensory fibers) and their preservation
      following surgical or neurotoxin sympathectomy. The thin mucosal epithelium
      displays capillaries and beaded axons close to the free surface of the middle
      ear. The unmyelinated terminals contain predominantly large, dense-core vesicles
      (LDCVs). Capsaicin treatment results in extensive elimination of terminals
      containing LDCVs in surface epithelia. A possible small trophic influence of
      sensory thin-fiber supply was noted on the development of the epidermal layers.
      The sensory modalities elicited by natural stimulation of the TM is considered in
      relation to the pattern of innervation.

PMID- 6436941
TI  - [Parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6436942
TI  - [Indications for nutritional support].

PMID- 6436943
TI  - [Nutrition in the surgical patient].

PMID- 6436944
TI  - [Complications of parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6436945
TI  - [Requirements in parenteral nutrition. Design and preparation of the diets].

PMID- 6436946
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to tissue-associated antigens as antitumor reagents.

PMID- 6436947
TI  - [Acute diarrheal diseases in children. I].

PMID- 6436948
TI  - [Acute laryngitis].

PMID- 6436949
TI  - [Thromboembolic disease in children].

PMID- 6436950
TI  - [Value of echographic studies in pediatrics. The areas of application and limits.
      II].

PMID- 6436951
TI  - [Secondary megacolon in gluten-sensitive enteropathy].

PMID- 6436952
TI  - [Acute neonatal type M4 (myelomonocytic) leukemia associated with a heart
      malformation and a supernumerary spleen].

PMID- 6436953
TI  - [Hypercalcemia caused by vitamin D poisoning].

PMID- 6436954
TI  - [A new alternative in treating Hymenolepis nana infestation (preliminary note)].

PMID- 6436955
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) toxicity in adult cynomolgus monkeys (M.
      fascicularis): a pilot study.
AB  - Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1248, at doses of 11.7 and 4.7 mg/kg body weight
      (equivalent to 5 and 2 mg/kg/day), were given 3 days per week to groups of
      cynomolgus monkeys, and caused weight loss, fingernail loss, facial edema,
      epiphora, and death. Blood and adipose tissue PCB concentrations rose with the
      length of treatment. Tissue concentrations in blood, adipose tissue, liver and
      kidneys were highest in monkeys treated with Aroclor 1254, reflecting dose
      differences. There was considerable variation, both within and between groups, in
      hematologic responses to PCB treatment. Aroclor 1254-treated monkeys had
      depressed and weakly responsive erythropoiesis. Aroclor 1248-treated monkeys had
      active but ineffective or depressed erythropoiesis with severe macrocytic or
      moderate normocytic anemia. Biochemical determination of blood serum constituents
      revealed treatment and time-related trends towards hypoalbuminemia and increased
      alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, total
      bilirubin and direct bilirubin values. Pathologic lesions common in both Aroclor
      groups were dilatation of meibomian glands duct; mucinous hyperplasia of the
      gastric mucosa; atrophy and loss of germinal centers in the splenic and other
      lymphoid follicles; enlargement, fatty degeneration, and necrosis of hepatocytes;
      bile duct and gall bladder epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia; and
      thyroid aberrations in follicular cell size and number of intracytoplasmic
      lysosomes. Lesions seen exclusively in an Aroclor 1254-treated monkey were
      widespread mucinous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the fundic mucosa. The results
      suggest that in general, cynomolgus monkeys may be more refractory or less
      susceptible to PCB toxicity than rhesus monkeys and, that Aroclor 1248 may be
      more toxic than Aroclor 1254.

PMID- 6436956
TI  - Evidence against a role for disturbed hepatocellular calcium homeostasis in the
      fatty liver of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity.
AB  - A consensus does not exist regarding the nature of mechanisms linking the initial
      events of CCl4 metabolism to emergence of the classical indices of CCl4 liver
      cell injury. The possibility that a CCl4-dependent disturbance of
      intrahepatocellular calcium homeostasis might be a linking mechanism was
      investigated with isolated hepatocytes in suspension. CCl4-dependent inhibition
      of very low density lipoprotein secretion was studied. On the basis of kinetic
      data, dose-response data, and failure of elevated cytosolic calcium levels to
      inhibit lipid secretion, it was concluded that disturbed intracellular calcium
      homeostasis probably is not important in CCl4-dependent inhibition of secretion
      of very low density lipoproteins.

PMID- 6436957
TI  - Simpler and safer tube-feeding techniques.

PMID- 6436958
TI  - Studies on the activity of selected lysosomal exoglycosidases in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The activity of selected lysosomal hydrolases ( (beta-galactosidase, beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase, beta-xylosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase) was
      determined in the blood serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). An increased activity of all the enzymes studied was found as compared to
      control subjects. Presumable mechanisms of the observed changes are discussed. It
      is suggested that the studied enzymes may be responsible for the desintegration
      of the connective tissue ground substance in SLE.

PMID- 6436959
TI  - [Osteolysis, then fracture of the femur in a Paget's disease patient treated with
      high-dose disodium etidronate].

PMID- 6436960
TI  - Comparative study of the effects of lisuride and pimozide on the preovulatory
      surge of FSH, LH and prolactin in rat.
AB  - In experiments conducted on adult female Wistar rats, lisuride hydrogen maleate,
      injected before the critical period of proestrus (between 11 h-13 h) in a single
      s.c. dose of 0.125 mg/kg body, significantly elevated the preovulatory
      gonadotropin surge and slightly, non-significantly lowered that of prolactin
      (assessed between 15-16 h). Pimozide, a selective antidopaminergic neuroleptic,
      injected according to the same schedule in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body, strongly
      augmented the LH surge and also prolactin secretion. Thus, stimulation of
      gonadotropin secretion by lisuride cannot be ascribed to its dopaminergic
      agonistic action, but may be attributed to its antiserotoninic activity or to the
      action on the presynaptic dopamine receptors of the tuberoinfundibular neurons,
      reducing their inhibitory influence on the gonadotropin surge. The results plead
      for the inhibitory role of DA in the LH and prolactin secretion; 5-HT may have a
      similar action in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge and a stimulatory one in
      the surge of prolactin.

PMID- 6436961
TI  - Formaldehyde as bonding agent between dentin and restorative resins.
AB  - The bonding of restorative resins to dentin by means of formaldehyde used in
      conjunction with an OH-containing monomer as intermediary was investigated. In
      this way a bonding to the organic constituent of dentin is conceivable. Mean bond
      strengths of 0.6 kg/mm2 were obtained. Bond strengths of this order of size may
      be of clinical interest.

PMID- 6436962
TI  - Endotoxin liberation and invasivity of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - The relationship between endotoxin liberation and invasiveness was studied in 50
      strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) of 16 patients with invasive disease, from nasopharynx of 9 patients with
      upper respiratory tract symptoms, and from nasopharynx and rectum (1, serogroup W
      135) in 25 persons examined for venereal disease. Meningococci varied in their
      ability to liberate endotoxin. Free endotoxin was partly a function of growth and
      seemed to be associated with certain properties of the individual strain. Strains
      isolated for patients with invasive disease liberated significantly more
      endotoxin than strains isolated from the venereal group (p less than 0.002). All
      16 invasive strains were sulfonamide resistant, against 5/9 strains from patients
      with upper respiratory disease symptoms and only 4/25 strains from the venereal
      group. The difference between the invasive group and the venereal group was
      significant (p less than 0.002). Serogroup A, B, C meningococci liberated
      significantly more endotoxin than non-A, B, C strains (p = 0.01, and serogroup A,
      B, C strains isolated from nasopharynx tended to have a higher endotoxin release
      than non-A, B, C strains isolated from the same place (not significant).
      Serogroup B meningococci were most frequently isolated both from patients with
      invasive disease and from the nasopharynx of the persons examined for venereal
      disease. Serogroup B meningococci had significantly more free endotoxin when
      isolated from blood or CSF than when isolated from nasopharynx of presumably
      healthy persons (p = 0.002).

PMID- 6436963
TI  - Effect of benzylpenicillin in mice infected with endotoxin-liberating or non
      liberating variant strains of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - The effect of benzylpenicillin treatment was studied in mice infected
      intraperitoneally (i.p.) with endotoxin-liberating (E+) and non-liberating (E-)
      meningococci derived from the same original serogroup B strain. The E+
      meningococci were significantly more virulent to mice than the E- variants in
      untreated animals (p less than 0.001). Large doses of benzylpenicillin given
      intravenously (i.v.) immediately after i.p. inoculation of E+ or E- meningococci
      resulted in complete, or almost complete survival. When treatment started later
      the number of surviving E- infected animals increased in all treatment regimens.
      By contrast, E+ infected animals had one or more treatment groups in all regimens
      that did not respond to benzylpenicillin at all. Benzylpenicillin treatment was
      given over a period of time as intermittent, regular i.v. doses, or as a depot
      preparation subcutaneously (s.c.). The mortality observed in E+ infected mice
      after benzylpenicillin i.v. was 75%, after benzylpenicillin procaine s.c. 82.5%,
      while animals receiving only saline i.v. had a mortality of 67.5%. The
      corresponding mortalities for E- infected animals were 15% (p = 0.0014), 42.5%,
      and 42.5%, respectively.

PMID- 6436964
TI  - Virulence markers in patient and carrier strains of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Patient and carrier strains of Neisseria meningitidis from 2 different periods
      were compared with respect to serogroups, serotypes and sensitivity to
      sulphadiazine. The majority of 249 patient strains were resistant to
      sulphadiazine, and belonged to the groups A, B or C. The group B and C strains
      were mainly type 15/16 and 2, respectively. In contrast, most of the 400 carrier
      strains belonged to serotypes other than 2 or 15/16, or were non-typable, and
      most strains were sensitive to sulphadiazine. Among the resistant group B and C
      carrier strains there were more type 2 and 15/16 strains than would have been
      expected from the average. The virulence markers: serogroup A, B and C, serotype
      2 and 15/16, and resistance to sulphadiazine, coexist in more carrier strains
      than would be expected if the distribution of these markers was random.

PMID- 6436965
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition in clinical practice].

PMID- 6436966
TI  - Neuroendocrine effects of styrene on occupationally exposed workers.
AB  - The serum levels of prolactin (PRL), human growth hormone (HGH), thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH), and the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in 30 females exposed to about
      130 (range 65-300) ppm of styrene in the air and in 30 age-matched referents to
      show whether styrene exposure influences the dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular
      system (TIDA). The exposed subjects' serum levels of PRL were more than double
      the reference values and were significantly related to the urinary excretion of
      styrene metabolites, ie, to the sum of mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic
      acid (PGA) in the "next-morning" urine spot sample. Such a relationship still
      proved to be statistically significant after the removal of the effects of age
      and duration of exposure with the method of partial correlation. The serum
      concentrations of HGH in the exposed workers were also higher than in the
      reference group. Though within the reference levels, the TSH values of the
      exposed subjects were significantly related to the urinary excretion of MA and
      PGA. These results are consistent with the dose-dependent depletion in
      tuberoinfundibular dopamine after experimental styrene exposure of rabbits.

PMID- 6436967
TI  - [Standardized disk tests for the determination of bacterial resistance ].
AB  - This paper describes the standardized Kirby-Bauer disc method for the
      determination of antibacterial susceptibility, also including choice of
      antimicrobials, interpretation of results, problems with particular bacteria, and
      quality control. Only a meticulous adherence to the details of the method will
      guarantee reliable results.

PMID- 6436968
TI  - [Indications and limitations of computer tomography studies in headaches and
      seizures].
AB  - Examination of the records of patients with headache or with generalized
      epileptic seizures, but without neurological disorders or any sign of
      intracranial hypertension, shows that in this group of patients expansive
      processes are rare. If in this group of patients a tumor is nevertheless
      discovered by CT (as it is in 3.3% of patients with headache and in 8% of those
      with generalized epileptic seizures) it becomes evident that with very few
      exceptions the neurological status and/or EEG of these patients was not
      absolutely normal either. By careful evaluation of the patient's history and the
      neurological status - supplemented in patients with epileptic seizures by an EEG 
      many unnecessary computed tomographies could be avoided.

PMID- 6436969
TI  - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients with chronic hemodialysis].
AB  - A prospective study was conducted of the incidence and course of acute viral
      hepatitis in 69 chronic hemodialysis patients. During a mean observation period
      of 15.4 months, 5.6 cases/100 patients/year of non-A, non-B hepatitis and 1.1
      cases/100 patients/year of hepatitis B virus infection occurred. 19 out of 38
      patients with serologic evidence of immunity against hepatitis B virus infection
      developed the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen after active immunization.
      All cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis had an asymptomatic course, but there was a
      tendency to chronicity. The overall impact of non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients
      on chronic hemodialysis is discussed.

PMID- 6436970
TI  - [Therapy of Zenker's diverticula].
AB  - The etiology and symptoms of Zenker's hypopharynx diverticulum are reviewed. The
      significance of stenosis formation by the pars fundiformis segment of the crico
      pharyngeal muscle is emphasized. Careful preparation and dissection, followed by
      splitting of the constricting musculature, is the precondition for successful
      surgery. It can be demonstrated that invagination (closed operation) is usually
      sufficient, while keeping resection for large diverticula invading the
      mediastinum. Complications are rare and operative risks are minimal, even in the
      elderly. A report is presented on 40 cases in which surgery was performed.

PMID- 6436971
TI  - [Short review of the literature on viruses demonstrated in the digestive tract of
      swine].

PMID- 6436972
TI  - [Incidence of virus isolation in fecal samples of swine with diarrhea including
      steatorrhea].

PMID- 6436973
TI  - Growth hormone-releasing factor: direct effects on growth hormone, glucose, and
      behavior via the brain.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular administration of human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor caused a dose-dependent inhibition of growth hormone secretion,
      elevated plasma glucose concentrations, and produced marked behavioral and motor
      effects. Immunoneutralization with antiserum to somatostatin did not reverse the
      suppression of growth hormone. These findings suggest that hypothalamic growth
      hormone-releasing factor may regulate its own neurosecretion through an
      "ultrashort-loop" negative feedback mechanism and may have important
      neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory functions in the brain.

PMID- 6436974
TI  - Oncogene-induced transformation of C3H 10T1/2 cells is enhanced by tumor
      promoters.
AB  - The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and teleocidin markedly
      enhanced the transformation of C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts when these cells were
      transfected with the cloned human bladder cancer c-rasH oncogene. Transfection
      studies with the drug resistance marker gpt and time course studies indicate that
      this enhancement is not simply an effect on the process of DNA transfection.
      These findings, together with parallel studies with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, also
      indicate that the competence of animal cells for DNA transfection is a function
      of the recipient cell line, the transfected marker, and the growth conditions.
      Our findings suggest that during multistage carcinogenesis tumor promoters may
      complement the function of activated cellular oncogenes.

PMID- 6436975
TI  - Extrapulmonary gas exchange enhances brain oxygen in pigeons.
AB  - Blood in mouth, nose, and eye tissues of birds cools by evaporation, then flows
      to a cephalic vascular heat exchanger, the ophthalmic rete. There, acting as a
      heat sink, blood from the evaporative surfaces cools arterial blood flowing
      counter-current to it toward the brain. The brain thus remains cooler than the
      body core. Data for unanesthetized domestic pigeons (Columba livia) suggest that
      in addition to losing heat, blood perfusing the evaporative surfaces also
      exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with air. In the heat exchanger, this blood
      apparently gives up oxygen to, and gains carbon dioxide from, arterial blood. The
      consequent increase in oxygen and decrease in carbon dioxide in the brain's
      arterial blood enhance diffusion of these gases in, and oxygen supply to, the
      brain. Such events may help birds maintain the brain's oxygen supply during the
      high systemic demand of exercise and at the reduced oxygen availability of high
      altitude.

PMID- 6436976
TI  - The search for a malaria vaccine.

PMID- 6436977
TI  - Transfection of the DNA polymerase-alpha gene.
AB  - DNA polymerase-alpha is the major replicative DNA polymerase in animal cells. The
      gene coding for a mutant DNA polymerase-alpha was transferred from one cell to
      another by transfection of DNA from mutant cells. The DNA was isolated from a
      mutant hamster cell line resistant to aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA
      polymerase-alpha, and transferred into an aphidicolin-sensitive cell line. The
      resulting transfectants exhibited increased survival in the presence of
      aphidicolin and contained an aphidicolin-resistant DNA polymerase-alpha.

PMID- 6436978
TI  - Isolation and structure of bacterial sex pheromone, cPD1.
AB  - The Streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone cPD1, which induces a mating response in
      cells harboring the conjugative plasmid pPD1, has been isolated and its structure
      determined. It was found to have a molecular weight of 912, and its amino acid
      sequence was H-Phe-Leu-Val-Met-Phe-Leu-Ser-Gly-OH. A synthetic octapeptide showed
      the same biological activity and chromatographic behavior as the isolated cPD1.
      Pheromone activity was detectable at a concentration of approximately 4 X 10(
      11)M.

PMID- 6436979
TI  - Fast and slow magnetic phenomena in focal epileptic seizures.
AB  - The magnetic fields associated with penicillin-induced focal epilepsy were
      measured in laboratory rats. Interictal magnetic spikes were similar to those
      previously observed in humans with focal seizure disorders. The magnetic fields
      of the seizure itself displayed both slow and fast phenomena, reversing in
      direction on opposite sides of the head.

PMID- 6436980
TI  - Homologies between signal transducing G proteins and ras gene products.
AB  - The guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins) found in a variety of
      tissues transduce signals generated by ligand binding to cell surface receptors
      into changes in intracellular metabolism. Amino acid sequences of peptides
      prepared by partial proteolysis of the alpha subunit of a bovine brain G protein
      and the alpha subunit of rod outer-segment transducin were determined. The two
      proteins show regions of sequence identity as well as regions of diversity. A
      portion of the amino-terminal peptide sequence of each protein is highly
      homologous with the corresponding region in the ras protein (a protooncogene
      product). These similarities suggest that G proteins and ras proteins may have
      analogous functions.

PMID- 6436981
TI  - [Depakine].

PMID- 6436982
TI  - Sunscreens: efficacy, use, and misuse.
AB  - To provide a rational approach in the selection and use of sunscreens, we have
      reviewed some aspects of sun damage, the importance of genetically determined
      skin types, and the skin's natural protective mechanisms. In this review, we
      classify sunscreens, explain the sun protection factor (SPF), discuss
      characteristic features of specific sunscreens, supply guidelines for tanning
      while minimizing skin damage, and indicate which products and devices may be
      harmful to consumers.

PMID- 6436983
TI  - Introduction to laser surgery.
AB  - Since the first operational laser was produced in 1960, the types and
      applications of lasers in many fields of medicine have increased dramatically.
      Many surgical techniques, especially with the CO2, argon, and Nd:YAG lasers, are
      described and illustrated in the articles in this issue. Current studies
      involving dye lasers and hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) are discussed and
      evaluated.

PMID- 6436984
TI  - The characteristics in operation of surgical lasers.
AB  - The three separate laser applications involved in laser surgery--laser surgery,
      photocoagulation, and photoradiation therapy--are explored to provide an
      understanding of the fundamental physical properties of the laser device. How
      diseased tissue is selectively treated by matching the absorption characteristics
      of the tissue to the laser and how the laser equipment functions and is operated
      are described.

PMID- 6436985
TI  - Safety considerations and safety protocol for laser surgery.
AB  - The critical importance of laser safety depends on a precise knowledge of the
      physics of each type of laser and on the tissue effects each type produces in the
      constantly changing environment during surgery. The considerations involved in
      using the most common lasers--safety guidelines, general protocol, and specific
      measures--are outlined.

PMID- 6436986
TI  - Cutaneous plastic surgery with the CO2 laser.
AB  - Utilization of the CO2 laser in cutaneous plastic surgery has steadily increased
      in recent years. The accessibility of the laser in the office setting has had a
      major impact, providing situations that have aided in the development of surgical
      proficiency, and its innate properties have made possible a scope of surgical
      office procedures not previously possible. The work described herein is
      considered by today's researchers as but the harbinger of advancements to come.

PMID- 6436987
TI  - CO2 laser surgery of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.
AB  - The gynecologic laser surgeon must be an expert colposcopist and skilled in the
      use of the surgical microscope. Surgical protocols for CO2 laser surgery of the
      cervix, vagina, and vulva are outlined and techniques discussed. Indications for
      its use, including treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, condylomata
      acuminata, and genital herpes are described and illustrated.

PMID- 6436988
TI  - Application of the CO2 laser to infertility surgery.
AB  - In addition to use of the CO2 laser in gynecologic surgery for the treatment of
      pelvic, vaginal and vulvar neoplasms, it has been more recently applied to the
      treatment of infertility. The advantages afforded by the laser over conventional
      techniques are discussed. The authors' clinical experience in the surgical
      treatment of infertility, with emphasis on endometriosis and microtubal surgery,
      are described, and use of the new electro-pulsed laser in infertility surgery is
      evaluated.

PMID- 6436989
TI  - Urologic neodymium: YAG laser surgery.
AB  - The advantages of each of the laser types used in urologic surgery are discussed
      and evaluated. Use of the Nd:YAG laser in urologic surgery is a recent
      advancement.

PMID- 6436990
TI  - CO2 laser surgery in urology.
AB  - The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of the CO2 laser to various
      clinical situations in urologic surgery are described and evaluated. Conditions
      treated routinely with the laser are presented and future possible uses
      discussed.

PMID- 6436991
TI  - CO2 laser surgery of the upper airway.
AB  - The use of CO2 laser surgery in otolaryngology has served as an effective tool to
      treat various lesions in the upper airway. This article discusses application of
      the CO2 laser to the upper airway, with specific reference to the larynx, nasal
      cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx.

PMID- 6436992
TI  - Instrumentation for CO2 laser surgery of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree.
AB  - This article discusses the safety principles necessary in laser surgery of the
      aerodigestive tract, and reviews the instrumentation currently used in
      microlaryngeal and bronchoscopic laser surgery that satisfies these criteria.
      Such use will contribute to reduction of morbidity rates associated with laser
      surgery in these procedures.

PMID- 6436993
TI  - Use of the laser in neurosurgery.
AB  - The laser has become the neurosurgical tool of the 1980s. In neurosurgery, the
      most important attribute of the laser is its ability to precisely vaporize tissue
      with minimal mechanical and thermal damage to the surrounding sensitive
      structures. Although the Nd:YAG laser has use in this medical specialty, the CO2
      laser, with its immediate absorption in water, with resultant minimization of
      scatter and spread to surrounding and deeper tissue, is the most useful laser in
      neurosurgery and the focus of this article.

PMID- 6436994
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage secondary to von Willebrand's disease and trauma.
AB  - A rare juvenile case of traumatic hemorrhage in the basal ganglia with
      intraventricular hematoma, associated with von Willebrand's disease, is reported.
      Hemostatic management of von Willebrand's disease and our surgical method for
      treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage are discussed briefly.

PMID- 6436995
TI  - Improvement of cerebral blood flow and/or CO2 reactivity after superficial
      temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass in patients with transient ischemic
      attacks and watershed-zone infarctions.
AB  - The effect of extracranial-intracranial bypass anastomosis on cerebral blood flow
      and CO2 reactivity during hypocapnia was investigated in ten patients with
      transient ischemic attacks or watershed infarctions due to carotid occlusive
      diseases. Six patients had occlusion and four had stenosis (greater than 50%) of
      the internal carotid artery. Those with infarctions had increased cerebral blood
      flow and CO2 reactivity postoperatively, and improved clinically. Those with
      transient ischemic attacks due to stenosis (greater than 50%) of the internal
      carotid artery had increased CO2 reactivity postoperatively but constant normal
      regional blood flow. Cerebral blood flow improved in those with poorer flow, CO2
      reactivity increased in those with better reactivity, and better CO2 reactivity
      preoperatively brought about a greater flow increase. The pre- and postoperative
      evaluation of cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity is believed to be useful in
      evaluating the effectiveness of bypass anastomosis. Preoperative evaluation might
      be informative in selecting candidates for bypass.

PMID- 6436996
TI  - [Changes in the activities of proteolytic enzymes of the stomach in peptic ulcer
      and their diagnostic significance].
AB  - A study was made of the activity of proteolytic enzymes of gastric juice (pepsin
      and gastrixin) and blood (pepsinogen and gastrixinogen) using a modified
      Babaskin's method. A total of 180 patients with gastrointestinal diseases were
      entered into the study. Of these, 137 patients had peptic ulcer of the stomach or
      duodenum. The activity of pepsin, gastrixin, pepsinogen and gastrixinogen was
      discovered to be elevated during all the periods of peptic ulcer. The routine
      treatment resulted in the lowering of protease activity.

PMID- 6436997
TI  - Acetazolamide teratogenesis: association of maternal respiratory acidosis and
      ectrodactyly in C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Exposure of C57BL/6J mice to CO2 during a critical period of gestation results in
      predominantly right-sided, postaxial, forelimb ectrodactyly in the offspring. The
      incidence and severity of CO2-induced limb malformations has been shown to be
      dependent on the concentration of inspired CO2, the developmental age of the
      embryo at exposure and the duration of CO2 exposure. Offspring of acetazolamide
      treated C57BL/6J mice also display this highly specific form of ectrodactyly
      (Green et al., '73). Since the drug has been shown to elevate tissue CO2 tension
      (Mithoefer and Davis, '58), the teratogenic effect of acetazolamide may be
      related to induction of a hypercapnic embryonic environment.

PMID- 6436998
TI  - Acetazolamide teratogenesis: interaction of maternal metabolic and respiratory
      acidosis in the induction of ectrodactyly in C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Exposure of C57BL/6J mice to 20% CO2 for 8 hours on day 10 of gestation has been
      shown to produce right-sided postaxial forelimb ectrodactyly in 23% of the
      offspring. Carbon dioxide exposure produces a dramatic increase in maternal
      plasma CO2 accompanied by an inevitable decrease in plasma pH, both of which
      appear to be involved in the induction of ectrodactyly. However, the low
      incidence of ectrodactyly associated with NH4Cl-induced metabolic acidosis
      suggests that the primary teratogenic factor in respiratory acidosis is elevated
      CO2 tension. This conclusion is supported by the observation that moderation of
      maternal plasma pH in the face of sustained elevated PCO2 fails to reduce the
      incidence of ectrodactyly; moreover, there is a strong correlation between
      maternal serum CO2 content and the incidence of ectrodactyly.

PMID- 6436999
TI  - Synergistic effect of subteratogenic doses of antisera on the development in the
      rat.
AB  - Wistar rats were administered rabbit anti-rat-umbilical-cord serum (AUCS) alone
      on day 9 of gestation or in combination with subteratogenic doses of rabbit anti
      rat-kidney serum (AKS). The results showed that the incidence of malformation was
      low (13.1% +/- 7.0 S.E.) even when very high doses of AUCS alone were
      administered. However, the incidence markedly increased to 61.0% +/- 9.3 S.E.
      when a small dose (0.10 ml/100 gm) of AKS was administered on day 9 followed by
      0.90 ml/100 gm of AUCS on day 10. The malformations included microphthalmia,
      hydrocephaly, aortic arch anomalies, ventricular septal defect, and anophthalmia,
      being similar to the effects of a medium dose of AKS. These results suggest that
      a combination of subteratogenic doses of teratogenic antisera produces
      malformations, possibly by mechanisms that potentiate the teratogenic action of
      the sera.

PMID- 6437000
TI  - [Coagulation factors. Indications and applications].

PMID- 6437001
TI  - Sodium cromoglycate and atropine block the fall in FEV1 but not the cough induced
      by hypotonic mist.
AB  - In a group of patients with mild asthma the inhalation of mist derived from
      ultrasonically nebulised distilled water caused an increase in cough and a fall
      in FEV1. Double blind administration for five minutes of sodium cromoglycate
      (from an original solution containing 30 mg/ml) or atropine (2 mg/ml) by
      inhalation from a Minineb nebuliser, 30 minutes before the mist challenge, caused
      a significant reduction in the fall in FEV1 (p less than 0.05), but not in cough,
      by comparison with the protection afforded by placebo (saline). In a second study
      the fall in FEV1 caused by the inhalation of distilled water was not
      significantly different from that seen in response to hypotonic sodium chloride
      (1.7 g/l, 58 mmol/l), but both produced a significantly greater fall than did a
      similar mist containing sodium cromoglycate at an original concentration of 10
      mg/ml (58 mmol/l). The results show that both atropine and sodium cromoglycate
      can block the fall in FEV1 due to mist and that protection by sodium cromoglycate
      is immediate. These results suggest that sodium cromoglycate blocks the nervous
      reflexes concerned in the response to mist, probably in the afferent limb of the
      reflex.

PMID- 6437002
TI  - Disinfection of the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope against Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis and M gordonae.
AB  - In view of recent reports of contamination of the fibreoptic bronchoscope by
      tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, we evaluated the disinfecting
      properties of aqueous glutaraldehyde (Cidex) and an iodophor (Prepodyne) against
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M gordonae. We found that a 15 minute disinfection
      procedure with either agent, coupled with initial vigorous mechanical cleaning of
      the bronchoscope and its accessories, is a quick and reliable method for
      preventing the contamination of the bronchoscope with mycobacteria.

PMID- 6437003
TI  - Correction of clotting factor "deficiencies" in plasma from patients with lupus
      like anticoagulants.
AB  - Identification of spurious coagulation factor deficiencies that are known to
      occur in association with lupus-like anticoagulants (LLACs) requires the use of
      cumbersome laboratory procedures. To determine whether single-stage assays
      employing the APTT system may be used to identify such artifacts, we measured
      multiple clotting factor levels by several techniques in plasma of six patients
      with typical LLACs. While normal activities of factors VIII, IX, XI and XII were
      measured in only 4/24 APTT assays (17%) employing human plasma substrate, normal
      factor activities were present in all 24 APTT assays employing bovine, canine or
      rabbit plasma substrate. Normal factor II, V and X activities were recorded in
      all but one case in assays that utilized a modified Stypven time, while normal
      factor VIII levels were determined in 5/6 plasmas when the thromboplastin
      generation test was employed. These results indicate that the use of heterologous
      plasma substrates in the APTT system may provide a simple method to identify such
      coagulation factor "deficiencies".

PMID- 6437004
TI  - Studies on the procurement of coagulation factor VIII: selective precipitation of
      factor VIII with hydrophilic polymers.
AB  - Early work on the purification of factor VIII using polyethylene glycol (PEG)
      indicated that other polymers might also be used to precipitate factor VIII
      leaving fibrinogen in solution. Recently polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has also been
      advocated for this purpose. In this study, different concentrations and molecular
      weights of hydroxyethyl starch, dextran, PEG, PVP, Ficoll, Percoll and albumin
      were examined for their ability to precipitate the factor VIII complex from
      cooled (not frozen) fresh CPD plasma. At optimal concentrations near quantitative
      recovery of VIIIR:Ag and VIII:CAg was achieved in 2 hr with minimal precipitation
      of fibrinogen or total protein. The best separations were observed with
      hydroxyethyl starch, albumin or Ficoll. PVP and PEG gave inferior purifications.
      Results for cryoprecipitate and intermediate-purity factor VIII concentrate were
      inferior to those obtained with plasma. Simple pre-concentration of plasma prior
      to chilling is an attractive alternative for large scale continuous production.

PMID- 6437005
TI  - Use of porcine factor VIII in the management of seventeen patients with factor
      VIII antibodies.
AB  - A polyelectrolyte-fractionated porcine factor VIII concentrate was given to 16
      hemophiliacs with anti-F VIII antibodies (Ab) and to a woman with post-partum
      acquired Ab during 24 courses of treatment including three major surgical
      procedures. Before treatment, antiporcine F VIII Ab was always lower than anti
      human F VIII Ab, with a median cross reactivity of 32%. After treatment, the mean
      rise in F VIII was 1.5 U/dl/Unit infused/Kg b.w. and in vivo recovery was 50% of
      the theoretical values. Anamnestic rises in anti-porcine F VIII Ab (3 X the
      baseline titer) were seen after 9 of 22 courses of treatment with porcine F VIII
      only; similar rises in anti-human F VIII Ab, after 6 courses of treatment; median
      cross reactivity did not change significantly. Lower than expected increases in
      plasma F VIII without marked changes in Ab titers and severe thrombocytopenia
      occurred during surgery in two patients. Porcine F VIII is a rational and
      effective therapeutic choice for patients who have anti-human Ab titers above 10
      U/ml; it can solve clinical situations that would otherwise be very difficult to
      manage; anamnesis is perhaps less frequent than after human F VIII; however, the
      incidence of thrombocytopenia, resistance and other side-effects is still higher
      than desirable.

PMID- 6437006
TI  - Evidence for the occurrence of a fast-acting inhibitor for tissue-type
      plasminogen activator in human plasma.
AB  - Human plasma contains a fast-acting t-PA inhibitor, which is not identical with
      alpha 2-antiplasmin or alpha 2-macroglobulin. The concentration of this inhibitor
      in normal plasma is highly variable, much lower than that of known plasma
      protease inhibitors, and in the range of physiologically occurring plasma
      concentrations of t-PA (0-2 IU/ml). The inhibitor binds to concanavalin A
      Sepharose, is rather stable when heated, is not precipitated in euglobulin
      fractions and probably does not originate from platelets. The inhibitor seems to
      form a 190 Kd complex with t-PA. The relation between this plasma inhibitor and
      the recently discovered endothelial cell inhibitor is not yet clear.

PMID- 6437007
TI  - Modulation of rapid plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma by stanozolol.
AB  - Fibrinolytic activity in plasma euglobulin fractions can be increased by oral
      administration of stanozolol. This increase is not caused by increased synthesis
      or release of tissue-type plasminogen activator. A decreased level of fast acting
      t-PA inhibition is very probably the cause of the higher activity. These results
      suggest that this inhibition has a regulatory role on fibrinolysis in vivo.

PMID- 6437008
TI  - Abnormal plasma levels of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex in myocardial
      infarction--expression of acute phase reaction or index of vascular endothelium
      damage?

PMID- 6437009
TI  - Major blood group antigens--a determinant of factor VIII levels in blood?

PMID- 6437010
TI  - Inhibitor to factor VIII in mild haemophilia.
AB  - Factor VIII inhibitors in mild haemophilia are uncommon and the management of
      such patients is controversial. The development of a persistently high responding
      F VIII inhibitor in a mild haemophiliac is reported and the behaviour of the
      inhibitor discussed in the context of the various therapeutic regimes employed
      for symptomatic management. When inhibitor titres were low, endogenous F VIII
      stimulation, by DDAVP, was less immunogenic than the administration of exogenous
      F VIII concentrates. This inhibitor displayed characteristics of an autoantibody,
      and was characterised as an immunoglobulin of IgG subtype.

PMID- 6437011
TI  - Interactions of purified rat factor VIII/von Willebrand factor with rat and human
      platelets--effect of albumin and ristocetin.
AB  - Rat platelets do not respond to ristocetin in their own plasma nor do they
      aggregate in the presence of bovine or porcine factor VIII von Willebrand factor
      (F VIII R:WF) or human F VIII R:WF in presence of ristocetin. However, rat plasma
      supports ristocetin induced aggregation of washed human platelets. In this study
      we report on purification of rat F VIII R:WF from cryoprecipitate. Similarly to
      porcine or bovine material, purified rat F VIII R:WF induced aggregation of human
      washed fixed platelets. This effect was enhanced by addition of ristocetin and
      was not modified by addition of albumin. Rat washed platelets were aggregated by
      ristocetin in the presence of rat or human F VIII R:WF provided that high
      concentrations of ristocetin are added in a system essentially free of extraneous
      proteins. Increasing concentrations of albumin dramatically reduced the ability
      of ristocetin to aggregate rat platelets while human platelet aggregation by
      human or rat F VIII R:WF was only moderately affected. These studies show that
      rat F VIII R:WF can interact with rat and human platelets. The lack of response
      of rat platelets to ristocetin in their own plasma is most likely due to a low
      sensitivity of rat platelets to this drug and to an inhibitory activity of plasma
      proteins on this reaction.

PMID- 6437012
TI  - [The short bowel syndrome].

PMID- 6437013
TI  - [An outbreak of toxoplasmosis at a zoo].

PMID- 6437014
TI  - [Coccidiosis in cats].
AB  - Coccidia infections occurring in cats (Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma,
      Hammondia, Sarcocystis), peculiarities of their life cycles, and diagnostic,
      prophylactic and therapeutic possibilities are described; the problems of
      Toxoplasma infections of cats are intensively discussed. If the oocystshedding
      cat is suspected to be the source of infection for the owner, only both
      coproscopical and serological results allow an appropriate advice.

PMID- 6437015
TI  - Percutaneous absorption and dermal dose-cholinesterase response studies with
      parathion and carbaryl in the rat.
AB  - Dermal dose-ChE response (toxicity) and percutaneous absorption of parathion and
      carbaryl were studied in the rat. Parathion was as toxic to young animals as it
      was to adults of the same sex and more toxic to adult females than to adult
      males. Carbaryl was nontoxic at administered dosages. In each percutaneous
      absorption study, [14C]parathion or [14C]carbaryl was applied to back skin (12.5
      13.8 cm2) at 43.5 to 48 micrograms/cm2. Thirty-six rats were treated and three
      were killed at time intervals between 0.5 and 168 hr. The area of the skin which
      had been treated, plasma, heart, liver, kidneys, urine, feces, and the remaining
      carcass were analyzed for 14C. Recovery studies indicated that adult male and
      female rats, respectively, absorbed 59.2 and 57.0% of the applied parathion,
      while adult males absorbed 57.7% of the applied carbaryl. Parathion was lost from
      skin (t1/2, 28.6 hr) more rapidly than carbaryl (t1/2, 40.6 hr). Approximately
      1.4 and 5.8%, respectively, of the applied parathion and carbaryl penetrated the
      skin within 1 hr and was available for absorption. Parathion was absorbed through
      skin of adult male and female rats, respectively, at rates of 0.33 and 0.49
      micrograms hr-1 cm-2. Carbaryl was absorbed by male rats at the rate of 0.18
      micrograms hr-1 cm-2. The half-lives for absorption of parathion by blood ranged
      between 0.38 and 2.1 hr, while elimination half-lives ranged between 28.6 and
      39.5 hr. Carbaryl absorption and elimination half-lives were 1.26 and 67 hr,
      respectively.

PMID- 6437016
TI  - Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in cadmium, lead and mercury pretreated rats.
AB  - The effect of a previous chronic exposure to cadmium, lead or inorganic mercury
      on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was investigated in female Sprague
      Dawley rats. A daily dose of 10 mg gentamicin/kg body weight/day was administered
      for 21 days to rats having a renal load of 168 micrograms Cd, 35 micrograms Pb or
      129 micrograms Hg/g whole kidney. Urine analysis suggests an attenuation of the
      nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin while a microscopical examination of kidneys
      indicates a superimposition of the effects of the metals and the antibiotics. The
      only clear interaction observed consists in a reduction of gentamicin
      accumulation in the cortex of cadmium-treated animals. It is concluded that none
      of the metal pretreatments potentiates the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin.

PMID- 6437017
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulin content of patients with inflammatory diseases of the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 6437018
TI  - [Protein-calorie deficiency in the nutritional status of mandibular fracture
      patients during immobilization].

PMID- 6437019
TI  - [Dosimetry of lower segment irradiation in Hodgkin disease. II. Radiation burden
      of risk organs].
AB  - The radiation exposure of the risk organs kidneys, spinal marrow, gonads, liver,
      and pancreas was determined for three different photon energies (Co-60,
      continuous radiation with 6 MV and 10 MV) at the inverted Y field, as it is
      applied generally for the infradiaphragmatic segment irradiation of malignant
      lymphomas. For this purpose, the authors made use of the thermoluminescence
      dosimetry and film dosimetry in the Alderson phantom. The most important results
      are: More than half of the left kidney receives more than 50% of the applied
      focal dose, about 20% receive more than 90% of the focal dose. The participation
      of the right kidney is minimal. If the dose exceeds 20 Gy, the lumbar spinal
      marrow is sufficiently protected by a satellite in the dv field. A displacement
      of the ovaries in caudomedial direction behind the vesical absorber does not
      protect the ovarian function in a satisfactory manner; the ovaries should be
      displaced in craniolateral direction on the alae ossis ilii. We recommend the use
      of a testicular lead protection even if the inguinal lymph nodes are only
      irradiated with the vd field.

PMID- 6437020
TI  - [A multivariate prognosis model for Hodgkin disease].
AB  - The authors describe the application of the linear discriminatory analysis as a
      pattern of prognosis for a group of 83 irradiated patients with Hodgkin disease.
      They investigated which combination of primary characteristics allows the most
      accurate discrimination between a group of patients with favorable prognosis and
      a group with unfavorable prognosis. Stage, histology, age, and clinical
      symptomatology proved to be valuable discriminatory factors. The accuracy of the
      discriminatory criterium is 75%. The results are compatible with the temporally
      comparable observations about prognostic factors. The method is suitable for
      gaining further quantitative knowledge.

PMID- 6437021
TI  - Glucosiduronidation of androsterone by human breast tumors in vitro in relation
      to the progesterone receptor content.
AB  - Homogenates of human breast tumors were incubated with 3H-androsterone and the
      percentage conversions to androsterone glucosiduronate were determined. In
      addition, separate portions of the tumors were analyzed for estrogen receptor
      (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) to see whether conjugation and receptor
      content could be correlated. Sixteen of thirty-two tumor homogenates formed
      androsterone glucosiduronate (0.03-5.9%) from androsterone. There was no
      correlation between ER content and glucuronyltransferase activity. Considering
      the twenty-six malignant mammary tumors, of the fifteen PR positive types, five
      (one-third) formed the conjugate. In contrast, almost two-thirds (seven of
      eleven) of the PR negative tumors formed androsterone glucosiduronate. These
      correlations indicate a trend, but not of statistical significance.

PMID- 6437022
TI  - Modulation of the expression of Tac antigen (T-cell growth factor response) on
      human thymocytes.
AB  - This study shows that anti-Tac antibody does not bind to human thymocytes unless
      they are activated. Human thymocytes could be induced to express Tac antigen
      (TCGF receptor) on their cell surface by Concanavalin A. B lymphoblastoid cells
      or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate alone did not induce TCGF receptors, but
      they did exert a very marked synergistic effect with Concanavalin A. This
      observation is consistent with our earlier finding that B lymphoblastoid cells
      secrete a factor which exerts a synergistic effect on the induction of lymphokine
      secretion by thymocytes and T-cells. The early expression of Tac antigen was
      independent of thymocyte proliferation. Anti-Tac antibody (10(-3)) inhibited the
      expression of TCGF receptors and late proliferation of thymocytes. TCGF did not
      reverse this inhibition nor did it prevent the binding of Tac antibody, but it
      enhanced the expression of Tac antigen.

PMID- 6437023
TI  - Transplantation in relation to the treatment of inherited disease.

PMID- 6437024
TI  - Gene conversion in MHC genes.

PMID- 6437025
TI  - Characteristics of cyclosporine induction of increased prostaglandin levels from
      human peripheral blood monocytes.
AB  - Human monocytes (M phi) exposed to 0.5-20 micrograms/ml of cyclosporine (CsA)
      produced levels of prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) that were 2-3-fold
      greater than control M phi cultured in medium alone. Maximal PGE levels were
      obtained at 24-48 hr incubation, and the failure to observe a linear increase of
      PGE levels at higher CsA concentrations appeared partially related to cytotoxic
      effects. CsA was considerably less effective than phorbol myristate acetate or
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide in increasing PGE production, but the PGE levels
      achieved with CsA approximated those known to suppress immune responsiveness.
      Other experiments showed that, although the increased PGE production with CsA was
      indomethacin-sensitive, CsA mostly functioned to increase the availability of
      free arachidonic acid (AA) instead of accelerating AA conversion by the
      cyclooxygenase pathway. Thus CsA can alter M phi physiology, and these
      alterations might inhibit quite early events during the induction phase of immune
      responses.

PMID- 6437026
TI  - Allotransplantation and xenotransplantation of pseudoislets in diabetic rats and
      mice.

PMID- 6437027
TI  - Ia antigens: genes, molecules and function.

PMID- 6437028
TI  - Macrophage activity in mice undergoing chronic graft-versus-host reactions.
AB  - The functional state of the mononuclear phagocyte system has been investigated in
      mice undergoing chronic graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions (GVHR), initiated by
      the injection of parental DBA/2 lymphoid cells into (DBA/2 X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid
      mice. Macrophage function was assessed in vivo by the ability to develop host
      resistance to infection with Listeria monocytogenes and found to be normal in GVH
      mice, as measured by the development of resistance during the early phase of
      natural (macrophage-mediated) resistance to the infection. During the later phase
      of acquired immunity to listerial infection, GVH mice had lowered resistance, but
      this was attributed to impaired T cell immunity rather than to defective
      macrophage function. The inflammatory response to a phlogistic agent,
      thioglycolate, was also found to be normal in GVH mice, as measured by the
      accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. In an in vitro
      assessment of macrophage function, phagocytosis was found to be enhanced
      initially (2 weeks following GVHR induction) but it subsequently became depressed
      for the duration of the study (12 weeks after GVHR induction). Macrophage
      chemotactic activity was initially normal, then became depressed and remained so
      for the duration of the study. Thus, despite the profound suppression of specific
      immunity induced by the GVH reaction and the functional defects of GVH
      macrophages apparent in vitro, the response of the mononuclear phagocyte system
      to in vivo stimuli, such as infection or inflammation, is unimpaired in GVH mice.

PMID- 6437029
TI  - Successful autotransplantation of cryopreserved dispersed pancreatic grafts in
      dogs.

PMID- 6437030
TI  - Morbidity and mortality patterns among malnourished children in Benin City,
      Nigeria.
AB  - A morbidity and mortality survey was carried out amongst 196 malnourished
      children attending the Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Health, Owina Street, Benin
      City, Nigeria, between January 1971 and December 1973 (morbidity) and also
      between October 1974 and March 1975 (mortality). Gastrointestinal disorders (77,
      39.3%) and measles (67, 34.2%) predominated in both morbidity and mortality
      patterns. In all, 30 (15.3%) of these children died, and kwashiorkor contributed
      14 (46.7%) of this total. The age group of the majority of the sick and dead
      children was 1-2 years, which is within the traditional weaning age of Nigerian
      children. Immunization of children and their mothers at appropriate times,
      coupled with sound nutrition and health education to their mothers, will go a
      long way towards ensuring the good health and welfare of our children.

PMID- 6437031
TI  - [A method for determining theo-diphenoloxidase activity in the pyrocatechol
      oxidation reaction].
AB  - A new simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is suggested for determining
      the catecholase activity of diphenoloxidase. The method is based on the enzymatic
      oxidation of pyrocatechol to 1,2-benzoquinone (BQ) in the presence of the excess
      of ethylenediamine sulphate (EDA). The condensation product (products) of BQ and
      EDA (P365) is stable in the solution and possesses strong absorption in the range
      of 365 nm. The molar absorption factor, E365 (under condition that the molar
      reaction ratio of catechol to P365 is 1:1) is 15500 M-1 cm-1 on the average.
      Optimal reaction conditions (pH 7.0, T=25-30 degrees C, [EDA]o = 5 mg/ml) are
      determined. The advantages and restrictions of the suggested technique in
      comparison with the methods described earlier are discussed.

PMID- 6437032
TI  - The effects of heparin on the adherence of five species of urinary tract
      pathogens to urinary bladder mucosa.
AB  - Previous studies performed in our laboratory have indicated that the primary
      antibacterial defense mechanism of the rabbit urinary bladder is the
      antiadsorptive action of the surface mucopolysaccharide. Removal of this layer
      with an acid rinse increases bacterial adherence up to 100 fold. Exogenous
      mucopolysaccharide (heparin) has been shown to restore Escherichia coli adherence
      to control levels. To determine whether this antiadherence action of heparin is
      species specific, we compared the adherence of 5 common urinary tract pathogens
      (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella ozonae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      and Streptococcus fecalis) to both mucin intact and mucin deficient rabbit
      bladders with and without prior heparin exposure. Bacteria were radiolabeled by
      addition of 3H-adenine to the culture broth so that the number of bacteria
      adhering to the bladder could be determined using liquid scintillation
      spectrophotometry. Results were as follows: Acid removal of the mucin layer
      significantly increased the adherence approximately 10 fold for all 5 species
      tested. Briefly exposing the mucin deficient bladders to heparin decreased the
      adherence of all species tested except Pseudomonas to mucin intact control
      levels. Heparin treatment of mucin intact bladders slightly decreased adherence
      of all species except Pseudomonas below mucin intact controls, however, results
      were not statistically significant. The magnitude of Klebsiella adherence was
      nearly 20 fold greater than all other species tested. While this non-species
      specific adherence inhibition of heparin may prove useful in the clinical
      setting, it appears to be less effective against Pseudomonas.

PMID- 6437033
TI  - The effect of steroid therapy on serum trace metal levels in sub-fertile males.
AB  - The effect of 96 mg methylprednisolone on trace metals and hormone levels was
      measured in 13 males with sub-fertility associated with an antibody problem. Over
      a period of 5 days the serum zinc was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) as
      was the serum testosterone (p less than 0.01). By contrast the luteinising
      hormone levels rose (p less than 0.01) within 3 days of administration of the
      steroid. The lability of serum zinc to the administration of steroids is further
      demonstrated by its significant fall (p less than 0.01) after 3 days of therapy.
      These results suggest an adreno-cortical control of zinc in serum.

PMID- 6437034
TI  - Newer methods of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer.
AB  - At least 80 per cent of prostatic tumors exhibit some degree of hormone
      responsiveness. The preferred method of hormonal alteration has yet to be
      determined because new agents are currently undergoing clinical trials. The
      compounds tested have included cyproterone acetate, a progestational agent;
      flutamide, an antiandrogen that blocks the DHT-receptor complex in the tumor
      cell; and aminoglutethimide, which inhibits adrenal steroid production and,
      therefore, might further lower the level of circulating androgen following
      bilateral orchiectomy. The introduction of potent, synthetic analogues of
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has provided another method of reducing the
      level of circulating androgen. A recent report on the efficacy of one of these
      analogues--leuprolide--in men with newly diagnosed metastatic prostatic cancer
      has revealed an initial response rate of 76 per cent (4% complete remissions, 32%
      partial remissions, and 40% stable) using National Prostatic Cancer Project
      criteria.

PMID- 6437035
TI  - Endogenous histidyl-proline diketopiperazine [cyclo (His-Pro)]: a potential
      satiety neuropeptide in normal and genetically obese rodents.

PMID- 6437036
TI  - Observations on the amyloid-degrading activity of serum and its relationship to
      human neutrophil elastase.

PMID- 6437037
TI  - Purification and properties of human erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase:
      immunological demonstration of the enzyme defect in porphyria cutanea tarda.
AB  - The first complete purification of UROD from human erythrocytes and the
      characterization of the purified enzyme were described. A single enzyme protein
      catalyzes the four successive sequential decarboxylations of uroporphyrinogen to
      yield coproporphyrinogen. The enzyme activity is not directly inhibited by iron;
      however, it is subject to inhibition in liver cells by a number of chemicals,
      including environmental pollutants such as dioxin. Studies of erythrocyte UROD in
      PCT patients indicate that the group of patients now defined as having sporadic
      PCT may represent two different populations; i.e., those who have normal UROD,
      and those who have decreased UROD in erythrocytes. Genetic heterogeneity of the
      UROD defect in PCT is also indicated by the identification of both CRM(-) and
      CRM(+) mutations in this disorder.

PMID- 6437038
TI  - Bone disease in long-term hemodialysis patients with low dialysate aluminium.
AB  - The dialysis unit in Sunderland uses softener water treatment with low Al
      concentration (dialysate mean Al 22 micrograms/L) but employs continuous oral Al
      (OH)3 to control serum phosphate. Thirty-one patients, 22 males and 9 females,
      with a mean age of 45 years, maintained on hemodialysis for a mean of 48 months
      were studied. Patients had higher Al concentrations than normal controls (p less
      than 0.001) and the postdialysis serum Al levels were also significantly higher
      than the predialysis levels. Twenty-four of 31 patients had evidence of
      hyperparathyroidism on radiology but only 4 of 31 had fractures. From a
      histopathological point of view, the patients were found to have no lesions (4
      patients), osteitis fibrosa alone (17 patients), and osteitis fibrosa combined
      with osteomalacia (5 patients). The effect of 1-alpha(OH)D3 treatment was checked
      by repeated bone biopsies. One case of the last group showed no improvement of
      osteitis fibrosa, while osteomalacia progressed to severe. We conclude that both
      antacids and dialysate contribute to the serum and tissue Al accumulation in
      Sunderland Renal Unit, where over a period of ten years only one patient
      developed Al-related osteomalacia.

PMID- 6437039
TI  - [Factors affecting the development of the eye in the fetus, the newborn infant
      and the child in the 1st year of life].

PMID- 6437040
TI  - [Role of cross-infection in the development of postoperative complications].
AB  - The increased intensity and volume of surgical interventions in large surgical
      hospitals leads to a greater amount of postoperative complications. Intrahospital
      strains of infections are responsible for some of such complications. The complex
      investigations of the microbiological background allowed the range of
      prophylactic measures against gram-positive microflora to be enlarged.

PMID- 6437041
TI  - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on delayed hypersensitivity and antibody
      formation in patients with peritonitis].
AB  - The inhibition of the formation of hypersensitivity of delayed type to
      staphylococcus, Proteus, blue pus bacillus and Escherichia coli was found in
      patients with peritonitis given complex treatment including hyperbaric
      oxygenation, against the background of stimulation of the antibody formation to
      these bacteria. The level of staphylococcal alfa-antitoxin in the blood serum
      remained substantially lower than that of healthy people whether the treatment
      included HBO or not. The data obtained show the expediency of early use of HBO in
      patients with peritonitis.

PMID- 6437042
TI  - [Spontaneous esophageal-respiratory fistulae in adults].

PMID- 6437043
TI  - [Concentration of ammonia in the urine of dairy cows given green feed rations and
      winter feed rations].
AB  - The concentration of ammonia in urine at a known level of energy yielding
      nutrients offered in feed rations was determined in 987 dairy cows in four summer
      feeding seasons and 1420 cows in three winter feeding seasons. The long-term
      average ammonia levels in urine showed no significant variation with the two
      types of feed rations. Different feed rations in the feeding seasons had no
      significant influence on ammonia concentration in the urine of lactating cows. On
      a long term-average as well as in the overwhelming majority of the winter and
      summer feeding seasons, high-pregnant cows had significantly higher ammonia
      contents in urine than the cows in the first and second lactation stage. At
      feeding rations complying with Czechoslovak Standard CSN 46 7070 the content of
      ammonia in the urine of lactating cows was lower than the recorded long-time
      averages and averages for individual stages; on the other hand, in high-pregnant
      cows the ammonia level was higher in both types of feed rations and the
      difference from lactating cows increased 3.25 times. This suggests that neither
      do the feed rations currently used in practice nor those strictly adhering to the
      Czechoslovak Standard meet the biological demand of high-pregnant cows and often
      lead to the injury of hepatal parenchyma. Ammonia concentration of 11.7 to 58.7
      mmol per litre of urine is considered as a tolerable limit.

PMID- 6437044
TI  - [Bloodless transfer of early bovine embryos in relation to the biological
      properties of the materials used].
AB  - Attention is drawn to the need of the cytotoxic testing of instruments used in
      the process of the transfer of early embryos. It was demonstrated by spermiotoxic
      test that some instruments were very toxic to bull sperm and may, analogically,
      threaten the life of embryos. The new catheters Foley Barum, produced by the
      Optimit Corporation and developed in recent time, are highly compatible with bull
      sperm: a slight reduction of sperm motility (by 5.7%) occurred only after 90
      minutes of incubation. Teflon embryonation capillaries had a similar behaviour.
      The introduction of biologically compatible materials in the process of embryo
      transfer contributed to a substantial improvement of embryo survival: 63.01% of
      animals (46) got in calf after 68 bloodless transfers.

PMID- 6437045
TI  - [Enterocolitis in spontaneous cryptosporidiosis infections in calves].
AB  - The pathology of lesions in the intestines of 48 calves with spontaneous
      cryptosporidiosis was studied by histological examination and by scanning
      electron-microscopy (SEM). The animals were 7 to 21 days old, emergency
      slaughtered mostly for dehydration and diarrhoea. Identical lesions were observed
      in the jejunum and ileum. The villi, often infected by cryptosporidia on a mass
      scale, were shortened, atrophic, markedly curved and shrunk in their
      ultrastructure, often as a result of the regression of groups of enterocytes with
      cryptosporidia, the adjacent tissue being affected, at the same time, by nodular
      hyperplasia. The enterocytes harbouring the protozoans exhibited cuboidal up to
      squamous metaplasia; in ultrastructure they had not hexagonal shape and showed
      signs of microvillus regression. The cryptosporidiosis of the small intestine was
      always accompanied by hyperaemia and inflammatory reactions in lamina propria,
      mostly non-purulent, with numerous eosinophils. Signs of typhlitis in the caecum-
      more frequent and intensive than in other parts of the large intestine infected
      by cryptosporidia--were characterized, in most cases, by lesions in the covering
      epithelium and by mostly non-purulent inflammatory infiltration with a large
      admixture of eosinophils in lamina propria. No inflammatory lesions were found in
      the colon and rectum. Severe cryptosporidial infections of large parts of
      intestine and the nature of pathological lesions lead to a considerable reduction
      in the total absorption surface of the intestine and are potential causes of
      diarrhoea from malabsorption.

PMID- 6437046
TI  - [The economic significance of coccidia of the genus Cryptosporidium in calf
      rearing].
AB  - In five large calf-houses and seven farms, 943 calves at the age from one to 198
      days were examined coprologically; the feces of 224 animals (23.7%) contained
      coccidium oocysts of the genus Cryptosporidium. The cryptosporidium oocysts were
      counted in the Burker chamber by means of the original method, and their mean
      number in 1 g of feces was the highest in the animals of the age from 11 to 20
      days (3.0 +/- 2.4 million in the calves suffering from scours and 4.2 +/- 4.1
      million in the calves without scours). Statistical comparison of the mean weights
      of heifers was performed at the time of their delivery to the calf-house and
      showed no statistically significant influence of cryptosporidia on the weight of
      animals.

PMID- 6437047
TI  - [Hemoconcentration in calves and its relation to the hematologic, protein,
      mineral and electrolyte profile].
AB  - The dynamics of hematological, protein, mineral and electrolytic profile was
      examined clinically in nine calves when the hemoconcentration was induced
      experimentally. The hemoconcentration occurred after diarrhea caused by the per
      os application of 12 g saccharose per one kg of live weight. The
      hemoconcentration culminated six hours after application. The calves where the
      hemoconcentration did not exceed the critical value were included in the first
      group, and the calves with the extreme hemoconcentration values in the other
      group. In the first group (with the increasing hemoconcentration degree), a
      statistically significant increase was found in the values of hematocrit,
      erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein in blood serum and total immunoglobins
      and a statistically insignificant increase in the levels of leucocytes, inorganic
      phosphorus, serum calcium and sodium. Serum potassium and magnesium showed the
      inverse dynamics, i. e. the decrease. In the second group (with the extreme
      hemoconcentration), hyperkalemia and slight hypermagnesemia were identified,
      while the other parameters showed deviations similar to those observed in the
      first group. After the rehydration of animals by a preparation without any
      influence on the studied parameters, the hemoconcentration and the parameters
      under study stabilized, while in the second group the hemoconcentration was
      increasing even during the rehydration and the levels of serum potassium and
      magnesium showed different tendencies. As follows from the results, in the calves
      suffering from scours accompanied by hemoconcentration the correction of the
      parameters of metabolic profile is necessary.

PMID- 6437048
TI  - [Hemoconcentration in calves in relation to actual and corrected values of
      metabolic profile parameters].
AB  - Frequent pathogenetic condition of hemoconcentration in calves results in
      apparent increase in the parameters of metabolic profile above the standard
      level. These values, however, do not conform to the actual state and often lead
      to unsubstantiated diagnostic conclusions with pathological deviations. On the
      basis of experimental study on the dynamics of some parameters of hematological,
      protein, mineral and electrolytic profile in the calves with experimental
      hemoconcentration, a correction table and diagram for the calculation of
      corrected values for some parameters of metabolic profile were elaborated. At
      hematocrit value increased above the physiologic limit (0.45--0.60) the
      correction values of parameters in percent are subtracted from the actual value.
      The correction table was used to correct actual values of those parameters of
      metabolic profile which during the experimental hemoconcentration were found to
      have direct relations to the dynamics (Er, Hb, Le, CB, Ig, serum Ca, P and Na).
      The correction of serum potassium and of some enzymes (AST, ALT, gMT) is not
      indicated because no relations were determined. Whereas the actual values of the
      studied parameters reached their maxima (statistically significant differences in
      Er, Hb, CB, Ig levels) at the culmination of hemoconcentration (6th hour--1st
      sampling), the differences between the corrected values and initial values were
      in all parameters insignificant. The correction of actual values of parameters by
      means of the diagram or table is simple, expeditious and reliable.

PMID- 6437049
TI  - Prevalence of equine sarcocystis in British horses and a comparison of two
      detection methods.
AB  - Sarcocystis was detected in oesophageal samples from 245 (62 per cent) of 394
      horses and ponies killed at a Cheshire abattoir between February and August 1981.
      Prevalence of infection was closely related to age, increasing from 28.6 per cent
      of animals up to two years old to 88.9 per cent of those over eight years old.
      There were no significant regional differences in prevalence between horses from
      north west England, Yorkshire or South Wales. Significantly more female horses
      were infected (69.7 per cent) compared with males (56.2 per cent). Gross
      examination methods detected fewer than 55 per cent of all infections compared
      with a tissue digest method. Sarcocysts ranged from 1 to 15 mm in length (mean
      5.5 mm) and were up to 0.5 mm wide. Cyst wall morphology and bradyzoite
      dimensions suggest that the species involved is Sarcocystis bertrami (syn
      equicanis).

PMID- 6437050
TI  - Chemotherapy of East Coast fever: parvaquone treatment of clinical disease
      induced by isolates of Theileria parva.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out in which parvaquone was used to treat
      experimentally-induced acute clinical East Coast fever infections. In the first
      experiment, infections with Theileria parva parva (Kiambu 5) were induced by
      applying infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks or by inoculation of
      triturated infected-tick stabilate. The character of the disease was similar with
      both methods of infection and following a single treatment with parvaquone at 20
      mg kg-1, 5 of 7 cattle in each group recovered. All untreated control cattle
      died. In the second experiment, 5 stabilate isolates from different locations
      within East Africa, and representative of the challenge likely to be met in the
      field, were used. Treatment was administered in 2 X 10 mg kg-1 doses 48 h apart.
      The isolates used were T. p. parva (Mbita), T. p. parva (Pugu), T. p. parva
      (Entebbe), T. p. lawrencei (Mara) and T. p. lawrencei/(Manyara); following
      treatment 3/7, 6/6, 6/7, 5/7 and 6/7 animals recovered, respectively. All
      untreated control cattle died. There was evidence of a difference in
      susceptibility of isolates to treatment, and some animals showed prolonged
      disease episodes. The nature of the response to treatment and the problems in
      treating a lympho-destructive disease are discussed.

PMID- 6437051
TI  - The effect of Sarcocystis tenella on wool growth in sheep.
AB  - A dose of 1 X 10(4) Sarcocystis tenella sporocysts produced significant
      depression of wool growth in lambs dosed at 1 month of age. No significant effect
      on wool growth was produced when lambs were dosed at 5 months of age.

PMID- 6437052
TI  - Sarcocystis sp. in guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and effect of temperature on its
      viability.
AB  - The biology of the Sarcocystis sp. that infect guanacoes was studied by feeding
      the infected meat to dogs, cats, rats and mice. Tissues from guanaco, heavily
      infected with macrocysts, were fed to these animals and their faeces collected
      daily and examined for the presence or absence of sporocysts. It was shown that
      only dogs were suitable definitive hosts. The effect of cooking and freezing on
      the viability of this protozoan organism was also investigated. Freezing to -18
      degrees C and -24 degrees C and cooking were effective for inactivating
      Sarcocystis in guanaco meat. These methods could therefore be used instead of
      condemning guanaco carcasses infected with Sarcocystis.

PMID- 6437053
TI  - Protective immunity against clinical sarcocystosis in cattle.
AB  - Five experiments involving 50 calves (Bos taurus) were conducted to determine if
      oral infection with sporocysts of the pathogen Sarcocystis cruzi or the non
      pathogen Sarcocystis hirsuta would stimulate development of a protective immunity
      against illness or death from challenge infection with large numbers of S. cruzi
      sporocysts. Four experiments involved Holstein calves housed in individual pens
      in isolation buildings; one experiment involved Hereford calves on an open range.
      Calves infected with 50 000 to 100 000 S. cruzi sporocysts were protected from
      illness and death that would have resulted from challenge infections with 250 000
      or 500 000 S. cruzi sporocysts given 70-252 days later. Calves treated with the
      anticoccidial drug amprolium from 21 to 35 days after being given an immunizing
      infection with S. cruzi to reduce clinical signs of the immunizing infection were
      also protected. Non-immunized calves and those given S. hirsuta sporocysts were
      not protected.

PMID- 6437054
TI  - Development and growth of Sarcocystis gigantea in experimentally-infected sheep.
AB  - Immature, microscopic Sarcocystis gigantea sarcocysts were detected in
      experimental sheep from 1.3 to 4 months after dosing with sporocysts from cats.
      Mature, microscopic sarcocysts were also present at 4 months post-inoculation
      (p.i.). S. gigantea sarcocysts were 0.35 mm long at 8.5 months p.i. and gradually
      increased in size to 7.5 mm by 45 months p.i. Transmission back to cats was
      demonstrated at 14 months p.i.

PMID- 6437055
TI  - Detection of serum antibodies to sarcoptic mange mite antigens by the passive
      hemagglutination assay in pigs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis.
AB  - Development and remission of the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange in pigs
      experimentally infested once and twice with Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis were
      described. Encrusted lesions in the ears of pigs and a general dermatitis were
      observed 3 weeks after infestation, but subsided gradually. Specific antibody
      activity, in titers averaging 1:16 000 in sera from rabbits immunized with mite
      extracts and 1:512 in the serum from a pig artificially infested with sarcoptic
      manage and then twice immunized with mite extract, was detected with the passive
      hemagglutination assay with tanned bovine red blood cells. Titers ranging from
      1:40 to 1:160 were detected in sera from experimentally-infested animals. Only 3
      of 75 sera from chronically naturally-infested pigs exhibited antibody titers of
      1:40 to the mite extract.

PMID- 6437056
TI  - Hemagglutinating factor in an extract of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (De Geer).
AB  - A naturally occurring hemagglutinating factor to tanned human O positive, ovine
      and porcine erythrocytes was found in extracts from Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis.
      This hemagglutinating factor did not react with bovine, equine or avian
      erythrocytes. This factor was demonstrated by microscopic examination of the
      tanned erythrocytes and by the passive hemagglutination assay.

PMID- 6437057
TI  - A non-haemagglutinating isolate of mink enteritis virus.
AB  - A virus was isolated from mink showing clinical and pathological signs of mink
      enteritis. This virus was identified as mink enteritis virus (MEV) from results
      of serological tests, determination of its density in CsCl (1.415 g cm-3), and
      morphology, including size (20 nm in diameter). The isolate was designated MEV-S.
      In contrast to other known MEV strains, the MEV-S isolate has no
      haemagglutinating (HA) activity with swine red blood cells (RBCs) at 4 degrees C
      and pH 6.8. Neither was there any HA at other pH values and temperatures, or when
      horse, bovine and rhesus monkey RBC's were used.

PMID- 6437058
TI  - Analysis and in vivo assay of B. abortus agglutinating and non-agglutinating
      antibodies.
AB  - Studies were made of physicochemical and immunochemical characteristics of
      Brucella abortus agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibodies in the sera of
      cattle repeatedly injected with living B. abortus (Strain 1119). Both
      agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibody were shown to be IgG1, and by
      immunodiffusion against rabbit anti-cattle gamma-globulin, agglutinating antibody
      gave a precipitation line of identity with that given by non-agglutinating
      antibody. Whilst agglutinating antibody increased clearance of antigen from the
      blood of passively protected mice, non-agglutinating antibody did not enhance
      clearance. Determination of the spleen infection index in mice pre-treated with
      agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibody showed that in animals passively
      immunized with non-agglutinating antibody the number of living (infecting)
      bacteria was approximately 4 times higher than in the case of agglutinating
      antibody. The possible potentiation of chronic B. abortus infection by non
      agglutinating antibody is discussed.

PMID- 6437059
TI  - [Problems in viral ecology].

PMID- 6437060
TI  - [Comparative studies of hormonal methods for affecting the reproductive functions
      of cows being raised by different technics].
AB  - Studied was the effect of two raising technologies in the industrial rearing of
      cows (tied and loose housing) along with the effect of the use of hormonal-and
      stimulating therapy on their reproductive functions. It was found that the
      duration of the service period with the two technologies without using hormones
      was considerably long (respectively 124.3 +/- 7.8 up to 133.0 +/- 5.1 days, and
      138.5 +/- 8.1 up to 144.0 +/- 3.3 days). The rate of conception at first
      insemination with tie-up housing varied from 20.23 to 56.67 per cent, and the
      total conception--from 74.41 to 86.67, whereas the fertilization of a cow
      required 2.35 to 2.77 doses of semen. At loose box housing the conception rate
      varied from 25.13 to 47.69 per cent and 75.15 to 84.61 per cent, and the used
      doses of semen were 2.40 to 2.69. Treatment with gravohormon between the 40th to
      60th day following calving raised the total conception and the conception at
      first insemination--54.70 and 94.70 per cent at loose box housing, and 62.65 and
      95.18 per cent at tie-up housing. Combined hormonal treatment with gravohormon
      and oroestron within the interval of the 100th-160th day following calving with
      the two technologies led to the very high clinical manifestation of the estrus,
      however, it did not raise the conception rate. Treatment with estrumate between
      the 100th and the 160th day after calving produced a higher effect with regard to
      conception as against the combined treatment with gravohormon and oroestron. The
      stimulating hormonal therapy had a higher effect on the conception at first
      insemination with the technology of tie-up housing.

PMID- 6437061
TI  - Factor VIII-related antigen and lymphatic collecting vessels.
AB  - In order to investigate endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels for factor VIII
      related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag), lymphatics from lo patients with malignant lymphoma
      or testicular carcinoma undergoing lymph-angiography were examined. After the
      lymphangiography was terminated, a part of the cannulated lymphatic vessel was
      removed and prepared for immunohistochemical examination for FVIIIR:Ag. All the
      lymphatic vessels showed positive cytoplasmatic staining for FVIIIR:Ag in the
      endothelial cells, the reaction being weak and patchy when compared with blood
      vessels. Electron microscopy was done on five lymphatic vessels and showed these
      to be lined with endothelial cells without a basal lamina.

PMID- 6437062
TI  - Age-related change of distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells in human
      bone marrow. Changes in patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy and multiple
      myeloma.
AB  - The number and mode of distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells in human
      bone marrow were investigated immunohistochemically using paraffin sections of
      bone marrow aspirates. In individuals without specific diseases, the number of
      immunoglobulin containing cells per unit field in bone marrow increased with
      advancing age until the 3rd decade and leveled off thereafter. The magnitude of
      the increase was great for Ig-G and Ig-A, but very slight for Ig-M. Such age
      related change in the number of Ig-G and Ig-M containing cells in bone marrow was
      almost comparable to the age-related change of serum level of Ig-G and Ig-M.
      However, the magnitude of age-related increase of Ig-A containing cells in bone
      marrow was apparently higher than that of the serum level of Ig-A. Cluster
      formation of immunoglobulin containing cells increased with age in terms of both
      incidence and size. Three points were suggested for differentiation of benign
      monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) from multiple myeloma (MM). First, the ratio of serum
      level of M-component divided by the average number of immunoglobulin containing
      cells per unit field was higher in BMG than in MM; second, the number of cells
      per cluster of immunoglobulin containing cells was more than 50 in MM, but that
      in BMG less than 20; third, the small immunoglobulin containing cells with narrow
      cytoplasm were more prominent in MM than in BMG.

PMID- 6437063
TI  - Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma in the maxilla, malignant transformation of
      ameloblastic fibroma.
AB  - This report presents a fatal case of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma arising from an
      ameloblastic fibroma, originating in the maxilla of 19-year-old Japanese male. An
      analysis of previously reported fatal cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is
      included. In the course of the disease, the mesenchymal component of ameloblastic
      fibroma showed a dramatic histopathological transformation into sarcoma following
      multiple recurrence and the patient died of uncontrollable local infiltration of
      the cranial base. Although many cases have seemed to show disappearance of the
      epithelial component as malignant transformation progressed, many benign
      appearing ameloblastoid epithelial masses were scattered throughout the
      sarcomatous area even in the fatal stage in the present case. No distant
      metastases were found at autopsy. During multiple recurrences of the lesion, a
      little dysplastic dentin which was closely associated with both epithelial and
      mesenchymal components was found, though it could not be observed in autopsy
      material. Ultrastructural findings in autopsy material showed that the
      mesenchymal component consisted of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells,
      fibroblastic and fibrocytic cells with marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism
      and that the epithelial component closely resembled the enamel organ.

PMID- 6437064
TI  - Longitudinal smooth muscle in pulmonary arteries. Occurrence in congenital heart
      disease.
AB  - In lung biopsy specimens of 19 patients with congenital heart disease and
      pulmonary hypertension, in addition to the common features of plexogenic
      arteriopathy, longitudinal smooth muscle cells were found in small pulmonary
      arteries. These cells were arranged in bundles or layers, particularly in the
      intima but sometimes within the media or adventitia of the arteries. They often
      caused severe narrowing of the lumen. Corrective surgery of the cardiac defect
      was performed in 14 patients. The results suggested that even when these changes
      are wide-spread and severe, they do not stand in the way of a favourable post
      operative course. In one patient who underwent a banding procedure of the
      pulmonary artery, virtually complete regression of the smooth muscle layers could
      be demonstrated in a second biopsy, taken 5 years later during a corrective
      operation.

PMID- 6437065
TI  - Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver, spreading through the
      hepatic veins.
AB  - A case of malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver mimicking veno
      occlusive disease is reported. The histological, ultrastructural, and
      immunohistochemical features of the present case indicate striking similarities
      to epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the soft parts described by Weiss
      and Enzinger. Tumour metastasis to the lung gave a picture closely resembling
      intravascular bronchiolo-alveolar tumour (IVBAT) of the lung. EHE of the liver is
      considered to be a unique type of hepatic endothelial neoplasm behaving as a low
      grade malignant tumour with a veno-occlusive process which has rarely been
      described, and had previously been classified as other diseases or neoplasms.

PMID- 6437066
TI  - Pathogenesis of the so-called cystic adventitial degeneration of peripheral blood
      vessels.
AB  - Eleven cases of cystic adventitial degeneration of peripheral blood vessels were
      examined by light and (in three instances) by electron microscopy. Eight cases
      were in arteries, three were detected in veins. In six cases a cellular lining of
      the cysts was observed. Ultrastructurally the lining cells resembled synovial
      mesothelial cells. In three cases a pedicle connection was detected between the
      adventitial cysts and an adjacent joint. In one case such a pedicle could be
      followed to its junction with the knee joint capsule and was also lined by
      synovial mesothelium. These findings indicate that the so-called cystic
      adventitial degeneration is not a primary dysplasia of the blood vessel wall but
      originates from ectopic tissue of a joint capsule or bursa.

PMID- 6437067
TI  - Amyloid deposits in aortic and mitral valves. A clinicopathological investigation
      of material from 100 consecutive heart valve operations.
AB  - The material from 100 consecutive aortic and mitral valve operations has been
      studied histologically with particular reference to the presence of amyloid
      deposits. Sixty seven per cent were positive (aortic 88%, mitral 45%). The
      simultaneous occurrence of calcification of the valves and amyloid degeneration
      as well as of calcification and hyalinization was significant. Similarly there
      was significantly more amyloid in the older age groups, as well as a significant
      correlation between the degree of hyalinization of the valve and amyloid. Thirty
      two patients had previously suffered from rheumatic fever. The heart valves of
      these patients did not differ histologically from the others, whereas
      significantly more amyloid was observed in the stenotic mitral valves than in the
      mitral valves which were insufficient.

PMID- 6437068
TI  - Mixed connective tissue disease with fatal pulmonary hypertension and a review of
      literature.
AB  - The paper presents an autopsy case of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) with
      pulmonary hypertension (PH) and a review of literature. A 33-year-old woman with
      Raynaud's phenomenon and dyspnea of one year duration was diagnosed as having
      MCTD on the basis of a higher titer (1:163,840) of serum antibodies to the
      ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Cardiac catheterization showed complicating PH,
      confirmed an autopsy by the findings of concentric intimal cellular proliferation
      and typical plexiform lesions in the small arteries and arterioles of the lung,
      suggesting primary PH. Fatal PH with MCTD has been reported only 6 cases in
      literature including our case. All were young females, with histopathological
      findings consistent with plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in 5 cases and with
      recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism in the other. The aetiology of PH is still
      unknown, but it may be due to vasoconstriction evoked by the hyper-reactivity of
      the vessels.

PMID- 6437069
TI  - S-100+ lymph node neoplasm. Report of a case with histological AL and
      immunological features intermediate between T cell lymphoma and malignant
      histiocytosis.
AB  - A 16-yr-old white female was affected by continuous fever, pancytopenia with
      relative increase of T-8 lymphocytes, severe bone marrow hypoplasia, generalized
      lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly. A first lymph node biopsy, obtained at the
      onset of the disease, was involved by a paracortical tumor with some S-100+
      "lymphocyte-like" cells in the neoplastic areas; in the cell suspension, 70-80%
      of cells were E4+/E37+ lymphocytes with prevalent expression of the T-8 phenotype
      (52%). A second lymph node biopsy, obtained five months later, was involved by a
      diffuse proliferation of S-100+ cells with high mitotic activity; in the cell
      suspension, the majority of cells were E-/T-11+/T-3+/T-8+. At the TEM level, the
      neoplastic cells were characterized by regular or indented nuclei with finely
      dispersed chromatin and by regular or indented nuclei with finely dispersed
      chromatin and by irregular cytoplasmic profiles with thick pseudopodia-like
      projections. The possibility is discussed that this neoplasm may share some
      similarities with the T-gamma lymphoma being part of a poorly described group of
      tumors with intermediate features between T cell lymphoma and malignant
      histiocytosis.

PMID- 6437071
TI  - Angioarchitectural study of esophageal varices. With special reference to
      variceal rupture.
AB  - Pathomorphological and angioarchitectural characteristics of esophageal varices,
      mainly of ruptured varices, were studied in autopsy cases. Contrast medium was
      injected into the esophageal vein in 25 among 75 cases with varices, and in 4
      cases without varices as a control. Out of the 75 cases with varices, rupture was
      confirmed in 8 cases. Ruptured points were recognized at the oral end of the
      longitudinal veins (these veins were called "sudare-like veins" in this study) in
      the lamina propria at the lower end of the esophagus in all of the 8 cases. This
      ruptured area was called the "critical area". By morphometric examination,
      dilatation of these sudare-like veins was the most obvious in severe varices, and
      these veins were observed to penetrate the muscularis mucosae to connect to the
      submucosal veins at the critical area. This area seemed to be of the greatest
      significance in the pathogenesis of spontaneous variceal rupture.

PMID- 6437070
TI  - Immunoelectronmicroscopic study on the transport of secretory IgA in the lower
      respiratory tract and alveoli.
AB  - To define the immunocytochemical localization of secretory component (SC), IgA
      and J chain in human bronchioles and alveoli, a direct peroxidase-labeled
      antibody method was used. SC was found in non-ciliated cells of the bronchioles
      including respiratory bronchioles and type II alveolar epithelial cells, whereas
      SC was rarely present in ciliated cells and type I alveolar epithelial cells and
      was absent from goblet cells. In the positively reacting cells, SC was found in
      secretory protein synthetic organelles such as perinuclear spaces and endoplasmic
      reticulum, Golgi complexes, and on the external surfaces of the apical and
      basolateral plasma membranes. IgA and J chain were localized in the epithelial
      cells where SC was found. Ultrastructually IgA was present on the apical and
      basolateral plasma membranes, in pinocytic invaginations of the membranes, and in
      vesicles distributed through the cytoplasm, especially in the apical cytoplasm of
      the epithelial cells where SC was found. In addition, IgA and J chain were found
      to be associated with the endothelial cells of the capillaries, plasma cells and
      the surrounding interstitium. These observations suggest that SC is synthesized
      and secreted by epithelial cells, especially non-ciliated cells of the
      bronchioles including respiratory bronchioles and type II alveolar epithelial
      cells. They also suggest that secretory IgA (sIgA) is transported into alveolar
      spaces and the bronchiolar lumen through these cells by SC-mediated transport
      mechanism. This sIgA may play an important role in defense mechanisms of the
      lower respiratory tract and alveoli.

PMID- 6437072
TI  - Myofibroblast-like cells in human anterior capsular cataract.
AB  - In six cases of anterior capsular cataract, cells present in the subcapsular zone
      were investigated. In addition to organelles previously described, the cells were
      found to contain 7 nm and 15 nm filaments, suggestive of actin and myosin. The
      cells varied in shape from elongated or flat to rounded. Maculae adhaerentes, gap
      junctions and basement membranes were present. It is concluded that these cells
      closely resemble myofibroblasts, by virtue of their cytology and behaviour. The
      significance of this observation, concerning hypotheses on the genesis of
      anterior capsular cataract is discussed.

PMID- 6437073
TI  - Multiple neuroendocrine carcinomas (so-called Merkel cell tumours) of the skin.
      Report on two cases with unique clinical course.
AB  - Two neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (so-called Merkel cell tumours) are
      presented. In both cases multiple tumour nodules developed within the course of
      the disease. The light and electron microscopic observations correspond with the
      findings reported in other neuroendocrine carcinomas. As a variable morphological
      and clinical pattern for these tumours seems to exist we consider our two cases
      with their unique clinical picture to be an obviously infrequent variant of this
      tumour disease, we propose for it the term "multiple neuroendocrine carcinoma
      syndrome".

PMID- 6437074
TI  - The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. A detailed pathological study as a clue to a
      etiological heterogeneity.
AB  - An analysis of 33 autopsied cases with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (including
      8 cases from our practice) is presented. Polydactyly in dead SLOS children was
      found in 51% (17/33) of cases and occurred significantly more often in this group
      than in the whole group of SLOS (20-22%). Certain morphological differences in
      the type of renal, cerebral, pulmonary and pancreatic anomalies indicate the
      existence of two phenotypically similar SLOS: 1) with polydactyly; 2) without it.
      The presented data initiate SLOS heterogeneity.

PMID- 6437076
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a frog virus 3 variant resistant to
      phosphonoacetate: genetic evidence for a virus-specific DNA polymerase.
AB  - A variant of frog virus 3 (FV3) resistant to 200 micrograms/ml phosphonoacetate
      was isolated, and used to establish that the DNA polymerase induced in FV3
      infected cells was virus coded. In addition, inhibitor studies showed that the
      FV3 polymerase is similar to eukaryotic polymerase alpha in its sensitivity to
      aphidicolin, and that resistance to phosphonoacetate does not confer cross
      resistance to thymidine arabinoside or acycloguanosine.

PMID- 6437075
TI  - Elephantiasis neuromatosa. A light, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - An example of elephantiasis neuromatosa, an unusual variant of neurofibromatosis,
      coexistent with lipomatosis is presented. This dual cell population produced a
      diffuse swelling of the gluteal sulcus of a young female. The neurogenous origin
      of the spindle cell component was substantiated by immunoreactivity for S-100
      protein as well as by the fine structural observation of a regular basement
      membrane coating and a profusion of Luse bodies. As far as can be ascertained,
      this is the first reported immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of this
      particular variant of peripheral nerve sheath lesion.

PMID- 6437077
TI  - [Level of thyroid stimulating hormone in serum and the TRH test in patients with
      chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis].

PMID- 6437078
TI  - [Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis--study problems].

PMID- 6437079
TI  - [Isolation of strains of the virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in
      cell culture].
AB  - Four strains of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus were isolated
      from the lungs of Cl. glareolus caught in natural foci of HFRS in the European
      USSR. Preliminary experiments using enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) established the
      appurtenance of HFRS antigen in lung suspensions to the "western" serotype. Four
      strains were isolated in Vero-E6 cell culture after several blind passages and
      identified as the "western" serotype of HFRS virus. One stram originally isolated
      in Wistar rats and passaged in them 4 times and then adapted to Vero-E6 cells
      showed a closer antigenic relationship with the "eastern" HFRS virus serotype.

PMID- 6437080
TI  - Intramural oesophageal diverticulosis. A report on three cases.

PMID- 6437081
TI  - A physician looks at DRGs.

PMID- 6437082
TI  - [Venacorn or anavenol in the prevention of thromboembolic complications in
      pregnant women].

PMID- 6437083
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis].
AB  - The acute pancreatitis, especially the more severe cases with tissue necrosis,
      requires a high degree of intensive care monitoring and treatment. For the
      determination of the most suitable moment for surgical intervention, close
      cooperation between internist and surgeon is inevitable. The initial therapy is
      principally conservative; in especially severe cases and in cases of biliary
      pancreatitis, an early operation may be necessary, whereas in most cases of grade
      II pancreatitis, delayed surgery will be performed. Prerequisite for the success
      of any operation is optimal pre- and postoperative medical treatment.

PMID- 6437084
TI  - [Hypothalamic control of ovarian function and its disorders].
AB  - The biological clock of the female cycle is the ovary: the arise of estrogen
      primes the hypophysis for releasing hormones (GNRH) and cause the LH surge.
      Nevertheless, frequency and amplitude of GNRH are important points for the
      release of gonadotropic hormones and are involved in several pathophysiological
      situations: in corpus luteum insufficiency, in anovulation and in amenorrhoea.

PMID- 6437086
TI  - [Hormone therapy of male infertility].
AB  - Out of 49 patients who received gonadotropic therapy, 29 presented with FSH less
      than 1.5 mIU/ml and 20 had more than 1.5 mIU/ml. The success rate (as determined
      by semen analysis) in the former group was 86% (25 patients - 22 of those
      patients fathered one or more children) and in the latter - 5% (only 1 patient).
      The mean FSH level in the 20 patients who showed improvement following HMG/hCG
      therapy was 0.9 mIU/ml and in the 25 patients in whom gonadotropic therapy was
      ineffective - 2 mIU/ml.

PMID- 6437085
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemic ovarian insufficiency].
AB  - About 20% of all menstrual cycle disorders are due to a hyperprolactinemia.
      Although changes in the bony area of the sella indicating intrasellar space
      requiring processes have been found in only 30% of these women presenting
      hyperprolactinemic ovarian insufficiency, an adenoma of the pituitary gland is
      probably also responsible for the hyperprolactinemia observed in the rest of the
      cases. Treatment is however not strictly necessary, as long as there are no other
      endocrine dysfunctions, and a pregnancy is not desired. Side-effects of a therapy
      of dopamine agonists can be diminished by a gradually increasing dosage.

PMID- 6437087
TI  - WHO expert committee on specifications for pharmaceutical preparations.

PMID- 6437088
TI  - The role of food safety in health and development. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO
      Expert Committee on Food Safety.

PMID- 6437089
TI  - The uses of epidemiology in the study of the elderly. Report of a WHO Scientific
      Group on the Epidemiology of Aging.

PMID- 6437090
TI  - [Artificial respiration at the emergency site and in transport].

PMID- 6437091
TI  - [Role of the Langerhans cells in contact allergy].

PMID- 6437092
TI  - [Therapeutic effectiveness of the transdermal system with nitroglycerin in
      comparison with nifedipine].
AB  - In 12 patients with coronary artery disease 10 cm3 TTS-Nitroderm with 2 X 20 mg
      Nifedipine were compared. Both substances lowered the number of anginal attacks
      and the intake of nitroglycerin capsules. Nifedipine pronounced the decrease of
      afterload as demonstrated by the pressure-rate product. TTS-Nitroglycerin
      decreased preload and showed a good efficacy. The therapeutic effect was
      unchanged within the 14 days of observation. By this system the continuous
      application of nitroglycerin is another therapeutic form of practicable long-term
      therapy.

PMID- 6437093
TI  - [Effect of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on the resistance and
      capacitance system in cardiac surgery interventions].
AB  - The whole-body arterial and venous dilating properties of nitroglycerin (NTG) and
      sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were investigated during extracorporeal circulation
      and normal circulation in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. SNP was
      found to lower preload and afterload for the time of drug administration. During
      extracorporeal circulation and normal circulation, an average volume of 340 ml
      was stored in the capacitance vessels when the mean arterial pressure was lowered
      for 20 mm Hg. When the reduction in preload was compensated by a volume load
      (blood transfusions), this resulted in a pure impedance reduction by SNP. NTG
      showed more complex effects. Even with the continuous infusion of NTG only a
      short-termed, self-limiting afterload reduction occurred during extracorporeal
      circulation. During normal circulation, the reduction in preload was more
      extensive with NTG than with SNP, an average volume of 600 ml was stored in the
      capacitance vessels when the mean arterial pressure was lowered for 20 mm Hg by
      NTG. While the volume storage by SNP was reversible after termination of the
      infusion, this was not the case with NTG, where the volume was stored for 1-2
      hours. The volume storage by NTG became smaller with an increased filling of the
      capacitance system. Additionally, the venous resistance of the cardiopulmonary
      bypass showed different effects on the volume storage by SNP and NTG. In
      conclusion, the different effects of NTG and SNP cannot be explained by a single,
      homogenous compartment model of the peripheral circulation but by affecting two
      different compartments of the capacitance system.

PMID- 6437094
TI  - Comparison of different methods for the determination of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase activity in rat liver and Euglena gracilis.
AB  - Three different methods for the determination of phenylalanine hydroxylase
      activity have been compared: a) Differential photometric assay of the increase in
      tyrosine concentration in the presence of phenylalanine; b) Product separation by
      thin layer chromatography and scintillation counting of the [14C]tyrosine formed;
      c) HPLC separation and spectrofluorometric quantification of derivatized amino
      acids. A comparison of the activities of phenylalanine hydroxylase in rat liver
      and Euglena gracilis clearly showed that only rat liver contains this enzymic
      activity as shown by methods b) and c) although pseudo-activity of Euglena
      gracilis preparations was found during the spectrophotometric test a). The HPLC
      method proved to be the fastest, most reliable and convenient method for direct
      tyrosine determination and thus for measuring phenylalanine hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 6437095
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase of thrombocytes in
      various hematologic diseases].

PMID- 6437096
TI  - [Microbial deaminases as immunosuppressants].

PMID- 6437097
TI  - [Enzymatic mechanism of the body's defense against foreign substances in food].

PMID- 6437098
TI  - Carbon dioxide (CO2)-dependent pneumococci.

PMID- 6437099
TI  - Early prediction of outcome after severe head injury in children.
AB  - Forty children with severe head injury were studies retrospectively. All were
      admitted to the medical center within 6 hours after injury. Seventeen had Glasgow
      Coma Scales of 3 to 4 and 23 scales of 5 to 7. Computerised tomography (CT)
      findings and coagulation abnormalities in the first 12 and intracranial pressure
      (ICP) in the first 24 hours after injury were examined in relation to the final
      result. Compressed basal cisterns in CT, presence of moderate to severe
      consumption coagulopathy (CC) and moderate to severe intracranial hypertension
      (ICP greater than 20 mmHg) all correlated significantly with fatal outcome. In
      contrast, survivors usually had patent basal cisterns on CT, normal coagulation
      data or only moderate CC and slight to rarely moderate intracranial hypertension.
      It is concluded that by using the proposed criteria, early assessment of severity
      and prediction of outcome after severe paediatric head injury is possible. In
      contrast to the Glasgow Coma Scale these criteria are applicable and retain
      predictive power also in children who receive early and intensive ICP-lowering
      therapy.

PMID- 6437100
TI  - Gm typing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
AB  - A solid-phase ELISA for Gm typing is described. A mixture of anti-Gm serum (or
      monoclonal anti-Gm antibody) and test serum was incubated in microtiter wells
      coated with IgG or its fragments of appropriate Gm type. After washing of the
      wells, the bound antibody was detected with peroxidase-labeled second antibody.
      The Glm(3), G3m(16), and G3m(21) antigens could be identified by this technique.
      Since some of the human anti-Gm sera and anti-Rh0 sera required for the
      conventional hemagglutination-inhibition method are hard to obtain, the ELISA
      system using anti-Gm antibodies and no anti-Rh0 sera may serve as an alternative
      to the conventional method.

PMID- 6437101
TI  - [Postcoital contraception with steroid hormones].
AB  - Large doses of estrogens employed for postcoital contraception have definitely
      been shown to be effective, but estrogens used in such high doses would result in
      a high incidence of side-effects. Therefore this method should be reserved for
      the occasional emergency. Postcoital estrogen-progestogen-combination is suitable
      for women exposed to an isolated act of intercourse in midcycle. The advantage of
      this method is the possibility of a delayed administration after intercourse.
      Progestogens alone can be used after each coital exposure. One of the most
      frequent problems is the alteration of the menstrual pattern. Continued use can
      be recommended for women with occasional intercourse in cycle. Possible
      mechanisms of action of steroidal postcoital contraceptives are discussed
      involving problems of this contraceptive method.

PMID- 6437102
TI  - [Experiences with levonorgestrel in postcoital contraception].
AB  - To examine levonorgestrel as a postcoital contraceptive, 77 women received an
      oral dose of 0.4 mg per coitus for 1011 cycles and 27 women were administered
      0.75 mg per coitus for 226 cycles. In the first dose group seven women became
      pregnant (Pearl's index 8.3), while two pregnancies resulted in the second group,
      one of the latter because of faulty drug intake (uncorrected Pearl's index 10.6;
      corrected Pearl's index 5.3). Menstrual irregularities (chiefly break-through
      bleedings and oligomenorrhea) were observed in 84.4% and 88.9% of the women,
      respectively. The number of cycle disorders increased with increasing intake rate
      and diminished when the drug was applied in excess of six months. The experiments
      undertaken to test the mechanisms of action indicated an influence on both
      cervical factor and endometrium, whereas the occurrence of LH-peaks and biphasic
      basal body temperature patterns suggested the presence of ovulations. Application
      of levonorgestrel for postcoital contraception failed to be a reliable routine
      method of hormonal contraception because of insufficient efficacy and
      considerable menstrual irregularities. The drug should be administered only after
      unprotected sexual intercourse as might happen, to women with very low frequency
      of intercourse, or in periods of reduced fertility.

PMID- 6437103
TI  - Infarction of FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
AB  - A patient with an FSH-producing adenoma is reported. Two hours after LRH
      administration (100 microgram iv) the clinical signs of tumour infarction
      developed. The patient followed a severe clinical course. FSH levels normalised
      but further deterioration of pituitary function was documented. Worsening of the
      vision without improvement after surgical resection of the adenoma was observed.
      The role of LRH testing in adenoma infarction is discussed.

PMID- 6437104
TI  - Dynamic testing of prolactin and growth hormone secretion in patients with
      neuroendocrine disorders.
AB  - Prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) responses to different pharmacologic
      probes acting at the central nervous system (CNS) or the anterior pituitary (AP)
      level were evaluated in patients with distinct neuro-endocrine disorders.
      Thirteen patients with Prl-secreting tumours (PST), 10 acromegalics (A) and 8
      patients with hypothalamic lesions (HL), as assessed on clinical, radiological
      and surgical grounds, underwent on separate occasions acute testing with the
      opioid peptide FK 33-824 (0.5 mg iv), the indirect dopamine (DA) agonist
      nomifensine (NOM, 200 mg po), the DA receptor antagonist domperidone (DOM, 10 mg
      iv), TRH (200 microgram iv) and insulin (ITT, 0.10-0.15 IU/kg iv). All patients
      were evaluated pre-surgery and 4 of them also post-surgery. Prl and GH were
      evaluated by RIA at different time intervals following treatments.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437105
TI  - Changes in plasma thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, thyrotrophin, prolactin and
      thyroid hormone levels after intravenous, intranasal or rectal administration of
      synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in man.
AB  - Changes in plasma thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyrotrophin (TSH),
      prolactin and thyroid hormone levels after iv, intranasal, or rectal
      administration of synthetic TRH were studied in man. The plasma TRH concentration
      increased with all three routes, but remained at higher levels for a longer time
      after intranasal or rectal administration, in contrast to the rapid decrease
      after iv administration. Plasma TSH, prolactin and thyroid hormone levels
      increased significantly after intranasal or rectal administration and also
      remained elevated for a longer period than iv administration. These findings
      suggest that TRH administered intranasally or rectally enters the blood stream
      and stimulates TSH, prolactin and thyroid hormone release in man.

PMID- 6437106
TI  - Thyroid hormone levels in human breast cyst fluid.
AB  - Radioimmunoassayable levels of total and free 3,5,3'-triodothyronine (T3) and
      thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine binding globulin
      (TBG) and prolactin (Prl) were measured in a series of samples of breast cyst
      fluid (BCF) aspirated from 73 pre-menopausal women with gross cystic disease of
      the breast and in coincidental blood samples. In BCF free T3 and free T4 were
      consistently higher than in plasma (P less than 0.001) as was also total T3 in
      the majority of cases (P less than 0.05). Total T4, TBG and Prl were much lower
      than in plasma (P less than 0.001). TSH was roughly as in plasma. No correlation
      was found between plasma and BCF values. The results indicate that thyroid
      hormones may be accumulated in their effective form in the cyst fluid. A highly
      significant inverse correlation was found between intracystic free T3 and log
      (Prl). Our data, considered in relation to previous experimental evidence,
      suggest the possibility that thyroid hormones act at the breast level in concert
      with Prl. Accumulation of thyroid hormones in BCF could play a role in the
      development or maintenance of gross cystic disease of the breast or be a mere
      consequence of the cystic changes.

PMID- 6437107
TI  - Influence of FSH on the developing ovary in the chick embryo.

PMID- 6437108
TI  - Metastatic prostate cancer: hormone dependency and therapeutic efficacy of GnRH
      analogues.

PMID- 6437109
TI  - Naloxone effect on FSH response to LRH in early puerperium.

PMID- 6437110
TI  - [Evaluation of protein-calorie malnutrition in Crohn's disease].

PMID- 6437111
TI  - Biological significance of nonlymphocytic oligoblastic leukemia. Cytokinetic
      behavior of dividing granulocytic precursors in 11 patients.
AB  - Kinetic studies of marrow dividing granulocytic precursors (mitotic index and
      flash labeling index with 3H-TDR) were carried out in 11 patients with
      oligoblastic leukemia (OBL). The results were compared with similar data from
      cases of conventional acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The cytokinetic
      results were as follows: MI (%) in OBL, mean = 0.75; MI (%) in ANLL, mean = 0.66;
      p greater than 0.7; LI (%) in OBL, mean = 15.0; LI (%) in ANLL, mean = 15.4, p
      greater than 0.7. The lack of cytokinetic differences between these two groups of
      patients stands in favor of the hypothesis that OBL might represent a special
      type of smoldering leukemia with a 'plateau' of blast cell accumulation
      established at a subleukemic level.

PMID- 6437112
TI  - Effects on red blood cell choline transport induced by different sulfhydryl
      compounds.
AB  - The uptake of choline was studied in different types of paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria (PNH)-like RBC obtained from normal human erythrocytes by the
      action of different sulfhydryl compounds. The results were compared with the
      uptake of choline in true PNH cells and in normal reticulocytes. The PNH-like
      cells which better mimicked true PNH were those prepared using acetylcysteine.
      Indeed these erythrocytes displayed a capacity to incorporate choline against a
      concentration gradient exactly as PNH cells exposed to either acetylcholine or
      choline. The uptake of choline by by the other PNH-like cells differed from that
      of PNH erythrocytes in several ways. The results suggest that every sulfhydryl
      compound induces a different damage on RBC membrane.

PMID- 6437113
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron excretion in
      idiopathic hemochromatosis.
AB  - The effect on urinary iron excretion (UIE) of vitamin C administered orally 2 h
      after the start of an 8-hour desferrioxamine (DF) i.v. infusion was studied in 12
      patients with untreated idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH). Mean +/- SEM basal UIE
      of 324.6 +/- 84.6 micrograms/24 h increased after a 1-gram i.v. DF infusion to
      8,778.5 +/- 1,191.4 micrograms/24 h; when vitamin C 1 or 2 g were added to DF
      i.v. infusion, there were further increases to 11,241.5 +/- 1,486.1 (p less than
      0.01) and 13,531.2 +/- 1,697.2 micrograms/24 h (p less than 0.05 versus the last
      value), respectively. Basal UIE did not significantly increase after oral vitamin
      C administration alone. No side effects were observed.

PMID- 6437114
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations of human red blood cells infected by Plasmodium
      vivax.
AB  - The case history of a patient heavily infested with Plasmodium vivax is reported.
      Numerous peripheral red blood cells, containing trophozytes, permitted to observe
      the parasites with a transmission and scanning electron microscope.

PMID- 6437115
TI  - Spontaneous massive abdominal wall hematoma in polycythemia vera.
AB  - An 87-year-old male patient known to have polycythemia vera presented at the
      hospital as an acute abdominal emergency. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed
      a homogeneous echogenic mass measuring 22 X 15 X 8 cm in fascial planes anterior
      to the peritoneum, which was consistent with a hematoma. His platelet count was
      937,000/mm3. The patient responded to plateletpheresis and supportive management.
      Older patients with polycythemia vera may present as acute abdomen secondary to
      spontaneous abdominal wall hematoma. Computerized tomography or ultrasonography
      of the abdomen can aid in making the diagnosis and preventing unnecessary
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 6437116
TI  - Trisomy 1q and loss of Y chromosome in a male with osteomyelosclerosis.
AB  - The results of a cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood cells in a 61-year-old
      male with histopathologically documented osteomyelosclerosis, hepatosplenomegaly,
      ascites and anemia are described. The karyotype 46,X,-Y +1 p22----qter, without
      Ph1-chromosome, was observed in all unstimulated and in most PHA-stimulated
      cells. The patient had not received cytostatic or radiation therapy, thus the
      marker 1q + could not have resulted from such clastogenic treatments.

PMID- 6437117
TI  - Haemoglobin E variants: a clinical, haematological and biosynthetic study of 4
      South African families.
AB  - The clinical, haematological and biosynthetic features of subjects with Hb E
      variants are described. An association with red cell hypochromia and microcytosis
      was confirmed, although this was not invariable in Hb E trait. Imbalanced globin
      chain synthesis was found in the majority of Hb E carriers. A patient doubly
      heterozygous for Hb E and Hb S, a condition we have not previously seen reported,
      had a benign clinical course with minor haematological changes, despite a
      relatively large amount of Hb S (67%).

PMID- 6437118
TI  - Osmotic fragility of peripheral blood lymphocytes in some lymphoproliferative
      disorders.
AB  - We have studied the osmotic fragility of lymphocytes in patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and infectious mononucleosis. It
      was found that these lymphocytes had a greater osmotic fragility than the normal
      ones of healthy controls.

PMID- 6437119
TI  - Sensitivity for the detection of leukemic cells.

PMID- 6437120
TI  - Platelet aggregation defect in megakaryoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Platelet aggregation induced in vitro with ADP, adrenalin and ristocetin was
      tested in 7 patients with megakaryoblastic leukemia (MKL). All patients had
      normal or high platelet counts and presented with hemorrhagic diathesis including
      purpura ecchymosis and epistaxis. Platelet morphology was grossly abnormal and
      electron microscopy revealed few, or absence of, alpha-granules. Platelet
      aggregation was reduced in all the cases with at least one aggregating agent. Our
      studies confirm that MKL is often accompanied by a thrombocytopathy which should
      be taken into account in the management of these patients.

PMID- 6437122
TI  - Bowel care standards.

PMID- 6437121
TI  - Multiple myeloma occurring in association with a preexisting neuromuscular
      disease (progressive muscular dystrophy). A chance occurrence or a nosological
      entity?
AB  - This paper describes 3 patients with progressive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
      who many years after this disorder was diagnosed were found to have a monoclonal
      gammopathy. The authors examine whether this was a fortuitous occurrence together
      of two rare disorders or whether they might be causally related. So far no other
      similar cases have been reported in the literature.

PMID- 6437123
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of fentanyl or alfentanil as adjuvants to etomidate for
      induction of anaesthesia in cardiac patients.
AB  - This investigation was designed to study the comparative haemodynamic effects of
      alfentanil, 5 mg vs. fentanyl 0.5 mg when administered in combination with
      etomidate for induction of anaesthesia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
      Both groups manifested significant decreases in heart rate (17-22%), cardiac
      index (12-25%) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (4-17%). The mean arterial
      pressure was decreased in both groups; however, the decrease was significantly
      greater in the alfentanil group. In contrast to the fentanyl group, the systemic
      vascular resistance was transiently decreased in in the alfentanil group. In
      conclusion, it appears that alfentanil is associated with a greater degree of
      cardiovascular depression than fentanyl when used in combination with etomidate
      as part of an induction sequence in cardiac surgery patients.

PMID- 6437124
TI  - Alfentanil analgesia for surgical procedures of medium and long duration.
AB  - The clinical potential of alfentanil, a short acting narcotic analgesic as a
      supplement to only nitrous oxide/oxygen was evaluated in 141 patients having
      surgery of medium and long duration. Following induction of anesthesia with
      thiopentone alfentanil 1 mg was injected just prior to intubation. Anesthesia was
      maintained with a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen, (2:1) with analgesia achieved
      by a loading dose of alfentanil 0.1 mg/kg slowly given over 5 to 10 minute period
      prior to surgery. Additional increments (10-15 micrograms/kg) were given when the
      expected length of the operation was more than 30 minutes. The course of
      anesthesia was rated good in 96.4% of the patients. Cardiovascular stability was
      a feature in almost all patients. Stress responses due to severe surgical stimuli
      were almost immediately abolished by the administration of small increments of
      alfentanil (0.5-1 mg). Recovery was extremely rapid and without side-effects.
      Reversal of respiratory depression was rarely needed.

PMID- 6437125
TI  - Borna disease of horses. An immunohistological and virological study of naturally
      infected animals.
AB  - The brains of eight horses that had suffered from natural Borna disease were
      examined with virologic, immunohistological, and electron-microscopic methods.
      All brains harbored infectious virus as shown by inoculation of experimental
      animals. Regional assessment of the infectivity exhibited the highest titers in
      the hippocampus and piriform cortex and the lowest in the cerebellum.
      Conventional histology yielded pathologic alterations very similar to those of
      the classical description of the disease. Immunohistology demonstrated the
      highest amounts of Borna disease virus-specific antigen in the nuclei of neurons.
      In the perikarya, dendrites, and axons smaller amounts of antigen were found. A
      comparison of the antigen distribution with the inflammatory reaction established
      a high concordance of these two parameters. The presence of virus-specific
      antigen seems to trigger the exsudation of inflammatory cells, which reflect the
      extension of the infectious process. Heavy inflammatory exsudates in the white
      matter underlying diseased cortical areas can be explained by the axonal presence
      of virus-specific antigen. Virus particles could not be demonstrated with the
      electron microscope. The most significant findings at the ultrastructural level
      were stacks of fine filaments, adhering closely to cytoplasmic cisterns. These
      structures might be related to virus components or might be involved in virus
      morphogenesis.

PMID- 6437126
TI  - Effect of danazol on thyroid function in postmenopausal women.
AB  - During treatment with danazol the serum concentration of thyroxin-binding
      globulin (TBG) decreases. This effect is probably a direct effect on TBG
      production at the cellular level. In order to exclude an indirect effect on TBG
      production via the well known suppressing effect of danazol on serum estrogen
      concentrations, the following study was performed. Twelve healthy female
      volunteers, who were at least 3 years past the menopause and with serum-estradiol
      levels below 100 pmol/l, were treated with danazol in dosages of 400, 600 or 800
      mg daily. The concentrations of TBG, TSH, total thyroxin (T4), total
      triiodothyronine (T3) and free dialysable fractions of T4 and T3 were determined,
      before, and after 2 and 4 weeks of medications. The serum concentrations of TBG,
      total T4 and T3 decreased. The TSH concentration and the free dialysable fraction
      of T4 were essentially unaltered after 2 weeks but the TSH had decreased slightly
      and free T4 increased slightly after 4 weeks. The free dialysable fraction of T3
      decreased transiently at 2 weeks. All the observations proved to be independent
      of the three dosages of danazol applied in this study. In conclusion, danazol
      treatment influences available tests of thyroid function by reducing the
      concentration of TBG. This is most probably a direct effect of the drug, and it
      is clearly independent of the effect on estrogen production. Clinically there is
      no evidence of a decreased effect of thyroid hormones on the target organs.

PMID- 6437127
TI  - The influence of danazol on pituitary function and on the ovarian follicular
      hormone secretion in premenopausal women.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of danazol on the
      basal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
      on their response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as well as the effect
      of different doses on the serum levels of prolactin, estradiol and progesterone.
      Three groups of regularly menstruating women were treated with danazol, 600, 400
      and 200 mg a day, respectively. Serum samples were obtained--and in the 600 mg
      group a GnRH-test was performed--before, and after one, 3 and 6 months of
      continuous medication. LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol and progesterone were
      measured by radio-immunoassay. Compared with pretreatment levels in the early
      follicular phase, basal serum levels of gonadotropins were unchanged during
      treatment with danazol 600 mg. However, compared with pretreatment levels later
      on in the menstrual cycle, a slight but significant decrease in LH and increase
      in FSH were observed. The pituitary responsiveness to GnRH was significantly
      higher during danazol treatment, than found during the early follicular phase.
      Serum prolactin levels decreased significantly during treatment with 600 and 400
      mg a day, but not with 200 mg a day. The mean estradiol levels on danazol 600 mg
      a day varied between 153 +/- 9 (SE) and 161 +/- 17 pmol/l, corresponding to the
      levels in the early follicular phase (100-250 pmol/l). In the lower dose groups,
      the mean estradiol levels were significantly higher, varying between 265 +/- 30
      and 321 +/- 57 pmol/l in the 400 mg group, and between 279 +/- 39 and 405 +/- 125
      pmol/l in the 200 mg group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437128
TI  - Effect of danazol on serum concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - The antigonadotropic action of danazol is still a subject of controversy. Danazol
      does not cause a consistent and significant suppression of basal gonadotropin
      concentrations in premenopausal women. In order to investigate the possible
      effects of danazol on circulating gonadotropin levels in the absence of gonadal
      feedback, postmenopausal women were studied. Twelve healthy women, at least 3
      years past the menopause, volunteered. Their mean age was 61.1 +/- 5.5 (SD)
      years. Danazol in daily doses of 400, 600 or 800 mg was given randomized, to 4
      patients each, for 4 weeks. Venous samples were drawn at -1, 0, +1, +2, +4 weeks
      of medication. FSH and LH in serum were measured by means of double antibody
      radio-immunoassay. There was no significant difference between any of the pre
      treatment means in the three dose groups. After 4 weeks of danazol treatment, FSH
      had decreased by 18%, 31%, and 32% in the 400, 600 and 800 mg groups,
      respectively. The corresponding decreases in LH were 14%, 24% and 21%. There was
      no significant dose response between any of the doses used. In the absence of
      significant differences between the pre-treatment means and of significant dose
      response, data for all 12 patients were pooled for statistical evaluation. The
      mean decrease in FSH was significant only after 4 weeks (-4.8 micrograms/l; p
      less than 0.001). The mean decrease in LH was significant after 1, 2 and 4 weeks
      of treatment (-1.0 to -1.13; p less than 0.01 or less).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6437129
TI  - Factor VIIIR:Ag/Factor VIII:C and their ratio in obstetrical cases.
AB  - Factor VIIIR:Ag and Factor VIII:C levels were found to be significantly increased
      during pregnancy, labor and puerperium, but not to the extent observed by
      European and American authors. The ratio Factor VIIIR:Ag/Factor VIII:C was
      elevated only between the third and sixth hour of labor with respect to early
      labor, and during parturition and early puerperium with respect to late labor.
      However, this ratio was in the same range as the normal non-pregnant controls,
      but in the cases of complicated pregnancy, the ratio reached values much higher
      than the normal. It was concluded that determination of the ratio appears to be
      of little value in normal cases but may be of use when there are obstetrical
      complications. Studies are being performed to try to explain the limited rise in
      Factor VIII:Ag and Factor VIII:C levels observed in our cases.

PMID- 6437130
TI  - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern. An indicator of fetal anemia in iso
      immunization.

PMID- 6437131
TI  - The effect of intra-venous lidocaine and several different doses oral tocainide
      HCl on tinnitus. A dose-finding study.
AB  - As part of preliminary studies for an investigation to assess the place of some
      drugs, including tocainide HCl, in the treatment of tinnitus, the present study
      was performed to establish the appropriate dose for tocainide. The effect of
      lidocaine HCl on tinnitus was studied in a double-blind controlled cross-over
      study in 22 patients. Lidocaine appeared to give significant relief. To select an
      optimal daily dose for the lidocaine analog tocainide HCl, this drug was
      administered orally to 19 patients with obstructive tinnitus in seven 4-day
      periods. This could be done in a single-blind controlled trial. A different dose
      was given in each period. Comparison of the effect on tinnitus and the associated
      side effects led to the choice of a daily dose of 900 mg. The effect of lidocaine
      HCl appeared to have no prognostic value for the effect of tocainide HCl on the
      tinnitus in the individual patient.

PMID- 6437132
TI  - Tongue necrosis in temporal arteritis.
AB  - Temporal arteritis, or cranial arteritis, is a granulomatous arteritis with the
      common presenting manifestations of headache and visual loss. The disease is
      generally limited to elderly individuals; its pathogenesis is unknown, but may be
      of an immunological nature. Although otolaryngologic manifestations of the
      disease are common, few reports have been published. Visual loss is one of the
      most serious complications. Tongue necrosis has been reported in only 23 cases.
      We report a case of tongue necrosis and partial visual field loss in a patient
      with temporal arteritis. These complications were probably released by ergotamine
      tartrate administered because of migrainoid headache. This particular
      complication has been described only once previously.

PMID- 6437133
TI  - Acute otitis media in older children and adults treated with penicillin or
      erythromycin.

PMID- 6437134
TI  - Activity of common antibiotics against Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus
      influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983.
AB  - The activity of phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV), ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime,
      chloramphenicol, co trimoxazole, doxycycline and erythromycin against clinical
      isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A
      streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983 was investigated with the MIC
      method (plate-dilution technique). Forty-six percent of B. catarrhalis, 2% of H.
      influenzae and 78% of S. aureus were beta-lactamase producing and had high MIC
      values for penicillin and ampicillin. Thus MIC for 90% of all strains of B.
      catarrhalis was 32 mg/l and 8 mg/l for penicillin and ampicillin while MIC for
      90% of non beta-lactamase producing Branhamella strains was 2 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l
      respectively. This indicates a high susceptibility of penicillins to the action
      of Branhamella beta-lactamase. Almost all strains of B. catarrhalis, pneumococci,
      group A streptococci and S. aureus were inhibited at low concentrations of
      erythromycin. However, 4 mg/l was required to inhibit 90% of H. influenzae. Co
      trimoxazole and doxycycline had good activity against all B. catarrhalis and H.
      influenzae strains while a few pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci had
      intermediate sensitivity or were resistant. Essentially all strains were
      sensitive to cefuroxime and chloramphenicol.

PMID- 6437135
TI  - The formation of the human paranasal sinuses.
AB  - The paranasal sinuses, which formed in mammals as turbinates and air spaces to
      perform or aid olfaction, eventually came to participate in the formation and
      maintenance of the entire cranium and to have concomitant functions as well.
      Evolving through primates to humans, they were influenced by the retraction of
      the maxillo-facial cranium and the enlargement of the cerebral cranium and thus
      reached the state unique to humans. The evolutionary phenomena involved in the
      formation and functions of the paranasal sinuses include adaptation to olfaction,
      respiration, and cranial formation. These were the phenomena which caused
      allometric development. Therefore, the paranasal sinuses did not always perform
      the same functions as they did when they originated, but, influenced by the
      evolutionary level of each animal and especially by the evolution to apes and
      humans, the original functions changed to different ones, mostly as instances of
      preadaptation, according to the evolutionary stage of each paranasal sinus. As
      the sense of smell ascribed to the mammalian nose began to regress together with
      the retraction of the jaw (maxilla and mandible), the orbits started to form in
      primates, and the ethmoturbinate became full of cavities and formed the lateral
      walls of the nasal cavity. This occurred because the evolution of primates and
      higher made olfaction non-essential and respiration foremost. When hominization
      began and the facial cranium distinctly retracted, the maxillary sinus enlarged
      because of the enlargement of the molars, the change in the dental arch, and the
      enlargement of the masticatory muscles, and its air-conditioning function became
      established. The secondary sinuses of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses, which had
      expanded in mammals, started to regress in response to the new conditions.
      Especially when the cranium became spherical in the transition from the homo sap.
      neanderthalensis stage to the homo sap. sap. stage, the transformation of the
      cerebral cranium forced an increase in the angle between the forehead and the
      frontal cranial base and a decrease in the angle of the cranial base at the sella
      turcica. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses then expanded in adjustment to this
      transformation.

PMID- 6437136
TI  - Astemizole in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. A double- blind
      comparison with clemastine in patients sensitive to tree and grass pollen.
      Special reference to side effects registered in psychological tests.

PMID- 6437137
TI  - [The CO2 laser in laryngeal microsurgery].

PMID- 6437138
TI  - Quantitative parathyroid morphology is unaltered in prolonged hypocalcemia. A
      quantitative electron microscopic study in the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - Hypocalcemia was induced in adult Mongolian gerbils by a combination of a calcium
      deficient diet and repeated injections of ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetate (EDTA).
      This treatment caused tetany and death in some of the animals. Laboratory
      analyses on the eight experimental day disclosed significantly decreased
      concentrations of serum calcium and significantly increased concentrations of
      serum phosphate. Stereological methods and semi-automatic image analysis were
      used for ultrastructural study of the parathyroid glands with the aim of
      disclosing if any quantitative alterations occur in prolonged hypocalcemia.
      Compared with normocalcemic animals no significant change was observed in the
      hypocalcemic gerbils with regard to the nuclear profile area, the volume
      densities of nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex,
      lysosomes, secretory granules and storage granules, or the surface density of the
      cell membrane. The only significant change in the hypocalcemic animals was a
      slight increase in the volume density of lipoid bodies and a similarly slight
      decrease in the surface density of the endoplasmic reticulum, changes which at
      present are difficult to explain. The data demonstrate that hypocalcemic
      stimulation in vivo does not give rise to quantitative morphological changes in
      parathyroid chief cells, and thus do not support the idea of a functional
      adaptation of the chief cells to variations in the ambient calcium concentration.

PMID- 6437139
TI  - [Effect of m-nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, on cardiac performance and oxygen
      consumption in anesthetized animal: a comparison with nifedipine].

PMID- 6437140
TI  - Chlorinated paraffins: effect of some microsomal enzyme inducers and inhibitors
      on the degradation of 1-14C-chlorododecanes to 14CO2 in mice.
AB  - The degradation of 1-14C-chlorododecanes to 14CO2 in C57BL mice was studied. 1
      14C-Chlorododecane-injected mice were transferred to an all-glass metabolism cage
      and the exhaled air was monitored for 14CO2. Pretreatment with cytochrome P-450
      inhibitors resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of 14CO2-formation, when
      measured as peak 14CO2-exhalation rate (PER): After piperonyl butoxide
      pretreatment the degradation rate of a high-chlorinated 14C-dodecane (PCDD II;
      68% Cl w/w) to 14CO2 was 16% of control, and after metyrapone pretreatment 40%.
      It was also shown that piperonyl butoxide pretreatment decreased the rate of
      14CO2-formation, and the amount of 14CO2 formed, in proportion to the chlorine
      content of four differently chlorinated dodecanes. The cytochrome P-450 inducer
      phenobarbital moderately (PER 152%) increased the rate of 14CO2-formation from
      PCDD II, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene and several technical grade chlorinated
      paraffins generally gave less or no inductive effects. Also the cumulative 14CO2
      exhalation, measured during six hours (CE-6), was inhibited and induced after the
      above pretreatments. The results indicate a cytochrome P-450-dependent
      degradation of C12-chloroalkanes to 14CO2 in vivo. The degradation via cytochrome
      P-450 seems to be relatively more important for higher chlorinated alkanes.

PMID- 6437141
TI  - Melanin affinity of manganese.
AB  - The melanin affinity of manganese was studied in vitro using melanin isolated
      from beef eyes or human hair, and synthetic dopamine melanin, which is known to
      be structurally similar to the melanin present in the pigmented nerve cells in
      the human substantia nigra. In addition, the uptake of manganese in melanin
      containing tissues in vitro and in vivo was studied by whole body
      autoradiography. Manganese was bound to beef eye, human hair and synthetic
      dopamine melanin, and was taken up in pigmented tissues in mice and a monkey.
      Long-time exposure to manganese may cause a chronic extrapyramidal disorder. It
      is suggested that manganese, due to its neurotoxicity, may cause lesions in
      pigment containing neurones in the substantia nigra secondary to its accumulation
      on the neuromelanin.

PMID- 6437142
TI  - Organ and cellular distribution of inhaled metallic mercury in the rat and
      Marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus): influence of ethyl alcohol pretreatment.
AB  - Distribution of inhaled radioactive metallic mercury vapour (203Hg0) in rats and
      Marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), with or without pretreatment by ethyl
      alcohol or aminotriazole (rat), was studied by means of whole-body
      autoradiography, microautoradiography and scintillation counting of excised
      organs. Metallic mercury is oxidized by the catalase-H2O2 complex (Complex I) to
      the ionic form (Hg2+) and is known to be accumulated and retained in organs such
      as lungs, liver, myocardium, and brain, apparently after local oxidation in these
      organs. To this list of organs can be added the whole respiratory tract (nasal
      mucosa, trachea, and bronchi), a number of endocrine organs such as adrenal
      cortex, thyroid, corpora lutea of the ovaries, and interstitial tissues of the
      testes, the uvea and retina of the eye, and the salivary glands. In the liver, a
      regionalized pattern of distribution corresponding to the periportal hepatocytes
      was observed. Similarly, the subcapsular parts of the adrenal cortex (mainly the
      zona glomerulosa) were responsible for most of the adrenal mercury oxidation and
      retention. These organs (liver, adrenal) thus have a reserve capacity to oxidize
      Hg0. This is apparent also by the fact that ethyl alcohol and aminotriazole
      (known catalase inhibitors)--which depress oxidation and retention in most organs
      and whole body and thus increase blood concentrations of Hg0--cause an increased
      retention in most liver and adrenal cells.

PMID- 6437143
TI  - Dietary arachidonic acid protects mice against the fatty liver induced by a high
      fat diet and by ethanol.
AB  - Five groups of NMRI mice were fed ethanol or sucrose in a nutritionally adequate
      liquid diet for 9 days. The dietary fat consisted of olive oil with the fatty
      acid composition 18:1 77%, 18:2 10%, 18:0 and 16:0 12%. The ethanol treated
      groups received 5% w/v ethanol (E) or isocaloric sucrose (S). Two groups (S- and
      E-) received the diet without supplement. In two groups (S+ and E+) 7% of the fat
      was exchanged for arachidonic acid (20:4). In a fifth group (IE+) treated with
      ethanol and arachidonic acid the diet also contained indomethacin (10 mg/l). The
      mean intake of ethanol was about 20 g/kg/day. After 9 days animals were killed
      and liver lipids analyzed after Folch extraction. The post mortem accumulation of
      prostaglandin E2 in the kidney was measured by GC-MS. Dietary 20:4 was found to
      protect mice against fatty liver caused both by a high fat diet alone and in
      combination with ethanol. The liver triglycerides were 30.7 +/- 4.3 (S-), 46.1 +/
      6.9 (E-), 6.8 +/- 0.4 (S+) and 19.4 +/- 1.8 (E+). Prostaglandin levels in the
      kidney were depressed by ethanol treatment. Indomethacin gave variable degrees of
      PG synthesis inhibition. The degree of liver triglyceride accumulation in the IE+
      group was inversely proportional to the degree of PG synthesis. The data suggest
      a role for liver 20:4 cyclooxygenase metabolites in fatty liver caused by high
      fat diets and ethanol.

PMID- 6437144
TI  - Hormonal imprinting in cell culture II. Evidence of hormonal imprinting and
      thyrotropin (TSH) -gonadotropin (FSH) overlap in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
      cell line.
AB  - Reexposure of cultures of the Chinese hamster ovarian cell line CHO K1 to FITC
      labeled hormone 48 h after the first 24-h exposure to FSH or TSH showed that
      hormonal imprinting, accounting for a greater binding capacity on reexposure,
      also took place in in vitro conditions. TSH amplified the receptors of FSH to a
      greater degree than FSH itself, although the reverse effect failed to happen. TSH
      was able to bind the ovarian cells at first exposure, and to amplify the
      receptors for itself and--remarkably--to a considerably greater degree for FSH,
      exactly as observed earlier in in vivo systems.

PMID- 6437145
TI  - Effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis in schizoaffective psychoses: application of
      a polydiagnostic approach.
AB  - The effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis has been tested in a group of patients
      fulfilling the relatively broad ICD-9 definition of schizophrenic psychosis,
      schizoaffective type, and in each of the subgroups resulting from the application
      to the same patients of four different sets of diagnostic criteria for
      schizoaffective or cycloid psychoses. Moreover, a comparison has been made,
      within the whole patient population, between responders and non-responders to
      treatment, with respect to some clinical and biological variables. The mean
      number of morbid episodes and the mean total morbidity have been found
      significantly reduced during the treatment period, as compared with a control
      period of the same length, in the whole patient population as well as in subjects
      meeting RDC and Kendell's criteria for schizoaffective disorder (with special
      regard to schizomanics) and Perris's criteria for cycloid psychoses. No
      significant difference between the two periods has been observed in patients
      diagnosed as schizoaffectives according to Welner et al. Clinical/historical
      variables (with special regard to those concerning the course of the illness and
      the family history of major psychoses) have been found the most reliable
      predictors of response, whereas biological variables did not discriminate between
      responders and nonresponders to prophylaxis.

PMID- 6437146
TI  - Thyroid stimulation test in healthy subjects and psychiatric patients.
AB  - Fifteen healthy women and 64 female psychiatric inpatients (major depression: 17,
      schizophrenia: 24, alcohol dependence: 9, and adjustment disorder: 14 cases)
      without identifiable thyroid dysfunction were investigated with the TRH test
      under comparable circumstances. Although all patient groups showed some tendency
      toward lower baseline TSH and smaller TRH-induced TSH responses, only patients
      with major depression demonstrated marked, statistically significant differences
      from controls in both variables. Women with alcohol dependence (in the early
      withdrawal period) showed significantly decreased TSH responses to TRH but only a
      weak tendency to lower basal TSH levels. Intergroup differences in the TSH
      response remained significant after correction for basal TSH by analysis of
      covariance. Neither variables correlated significantly with age, weight or body
      height, but baseline TSH correlated with body surface. The TRH test, using only
      0.2 mg TRH for stimulation, seemed to be useful for identifying major depression
      and showed that early withdrawal from alcohol may be a factor to be considered in
      similar studies.

PMID- 6437147
TI  - Clinical and histological features of sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - The incidence of hepatitis A (HA), hepatitis B (HB), and non-A, non-B hepatitis
      (NANBH) was 27%, 30% and 43% among 73 patients with sporadic hepatitis.
      Epidemiological data (geographical distribution, seasonal variation, age, sex,
      and occupation) were not distinguishing of the type of hepatitis. Neither
      intrafamilial infection nor previous contact with viral hepatitis patients could
      be demonstrated in the NANBH cases. Fever and jaundice were less frequent in
      NANBH than in HA. Maximum levels of SGPT, serum bilirubin, ZTT, and gamma
      globulin were significantly lower in NANBH than in HA and HB. Ten of 29 NANBH
      patients (35%) presented abnormal SGPT activities for more than 6 months, and
      four (14%) more than 12 months. In the ten patients with prolonged courses,
      jaundice was more frequent and maximum levels of SGPT were higher than in
      patients with transient courses. Histopathologic findings were not markedly
      different from those of HA and HB. Bile duct damage, fatty deposition, and giant
      multi-nucleated cells were recognized in 6, 12, and 2 NANBH patients,
      respectively. There were no characteristic ultrastructural changes in NANBH.

PMID- 6437148
TI  - The effect of acute and chronic exercise on thyroid hormones in obesity.
AB  - Thyroid hormones were measured before, during and after acute exercise (60 min)
      or physical training (3 months) in obese women. Thyroid stimulating hormone
      concentration increased during acute work and decreased immediately after. No
      changes were seen during the two following days. An increase was seen after ten
      days as well as after three months of physical training. Thyroxine concentrations
      showed no changes. 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine decreased slightly immediately after
      acute exercise, and after three months of physical training, 3,3',5'
      triiodothyronine (reverse triiodothyronine) increased slowly during and after
      acute exercise. A negative correlation was found between changes in fasting
      insulin and thyroxine and a positive correlation between changes in blood
      pressure and triiodothyronine after training. Lack of agreement in previous
      reports is probably due to methodological differences such as methods more or
      less susceptible to fatty acid interference, and thyroid hormones changing
      differently during acute work and before and after physical training. The
      duration of the study may also be of importance, even 3 months possibly being too
      short for attaining equilibrium in thyroid homeostasis.

PMID- 6437149
TI  - Mass media based health behavior change: televised smoking cessation program.
AB  - This report describes the 1-year follow-up assessment of a television-based
      smoking cessation program shown as a part of local news in the Los Angeles area.
      The post-broadcast experiences of two distinct samples was considered:
      individuals who wrote in for additional materials (Registrants) and a cross
      section sample (CS) contacted by a random survey method. Results showed
      significant between-group differences in demographic characteristics and smoking
      behavior outcomes. Compared to the CS sample, registrants displayed more quitting
      attempts during the 1-year follow-up period (70.7% and 49.8%) and more abstinence
      (6.2% and 2.4%, respectively). When compared to results from a comparison survey,
      both registrant and CS subjects made significantly more quitting attempts in the
      three week period following broadcast. In terms of abstinence, only registrant
      results significantly differed from the comparison survey (6.2% vs. 2.9%). Few
      correlates of outcome were identified. Overall, analyses suggest that the
      televised quit smoking program encouraged viewers to initiate more numerous
      attempts to quit smoking than otherwise would have been expected. In terms of
      maintaining nonsmoking over time, however, only registrants experienced
      significantly greater success than might have been observed in the general
      population. Implications for research and policy recommendations of televised
      health promotion programs are proposed.

PMID- 6437150
TI  - Minimal interventions for weight control: a cost-effective alternative.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to evaluate simpler, less intensive interventions for
      weight control which presumably would be more cost-effective and efficient than a
      "full-length" behavioral treatment program. In Study 1, participants in a minimal
      intervention (MI1) program who attended no regularly scheduled meetings and
      initially only received three simple verbal instructions about how to lose
      weight, lost an average of 11.1 lb. by 7-month follow-up. Subjects in three
      variations of a shortened, less intensive, 6-week behavioral weight loss program
      lost 7.8, 6.5 and 6.3 lb. but did not significantly differ from MI1 subjects in
      the amount of weight lost. In Study 2, MI2 subjects lost 5.5 lb. compared to
      subjects in two variations of a full-length program who lost 8.1 and 11.1 lb. by
      6-month follow-up. Again, none of the groups significantly differed from each
      other in the amount lost. It was concluded that a minimal intervention program
      seems to produce weight loss and to be a cost-effective and efficient method for
      some subjects. The difference between the two minimal intervention programs may
      be related to the payment of a monetary deposit; a model for future research was
      presented to investigate simpler, less intensive interventions in combination
      with more complex ones in a "stepped-care" fashion.

PMID- 6437151
TI  - Production of L-tryptophan by microbial processes.

PMID- 6437152
TI  - Utilization of xylose by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.

PMID- 6437153
TI  - Bacterial conversion of pentose sugars to acetone and butanol.

PMID- 6437154
TI  - Lignin: biosynthesis, application, and biodegradation.

PMID- 6437155
TI  - D-Xylose metabolism by mutant strains of Candida sp.

PMID- 6437156
TI  - Bioconversion of pentoses to 2,3-butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID- 6437157
TI  - Role and function of protozoa in the biological treatment of polluted waters.

PMID- 6437158
TI  - Regulation of respiration and its related metabolism by vitamin B1 and vitamin B6
      in Saccharomyces yeasts.

PMID- 6437159
TI  - Anaerobic wastewater treatment.

PMID- 6437160
TI  - Regulation of the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase system in rat brain.

PMID- 6437161
TI  - Genetic and functional studies of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins.

PMID- 6437162
TI  - Naturally occurring phenolics as antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic agents.

PMID- 6437163
TI  - Metabolism of food toxicants: saccharin and aflatoxin B1, a contrast in
      metabolism and toxicity.
AB  - The artificial sweetener, saccharin, and the secondary mold product, aflatoxin
      B1, are present in many foods consumed by humans. Both chemicals produce cancer
      in rats. For this reason, they have aroused concern among scientists and the
      public as to the carcinogenic risk that they pose to humans. A comparison of
      these two chemicals reveals striking contrasts in potency, metabolism, mechanism
      of-action, and experimental approach to assessing metabolism. These contrasts are
      examined in detail to illustrate the importance of metabolism in safety
      evaluation.

PMID- 6437164
TI  - Sulfhydryl groups and food safety.

PMID- 6437165
TI  - Effect of protein treatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lysinoalanine and
      other amino acids.
AB  - Lysinoalanine (LAL) release from alkali-treated proteins by proteolytic enzymes
      could be measured on a large scale using an in vitro digestion method based on a
      two-step hydrolysis with pepsin and pancreatin. The hydrolysis was carried out in
      a dialysis bag, and the digestion products collected and analyzed. Applying this
      procedure to alkali-treated soybean and rapeseed protein showed that the release
      of LAL was not related to its concentration in the protein. Instead, LAL release
      depended on the nature of the protein, the length of the treatment, and the
      presence of untreated protein. The enzymatic procedure was also used to measure
      the release of other amino acids in treated and untreated proteins. This in vitro
      method could directly measure beneficial and adverse effects of processing on
      amino acid digestibility.

PMID- 6437166
TI  - Relation between structure of polyphenol oxidase and prevention of browning.

PMID- 6437167
TI  - Factors which facilitate inactivation of quercetin mutagenicity.
AB  - Oxygen, oxidizing enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) and alkaline
      pH, irreversibly inactivate the mutagenicity of quercetin in the Ames test. The
      loss of mutagenic activity correlates with decreases in the ultraviolet
      absorption maximum of quercetin near 370 nm. The extent of inactivation increases
      with time but apparently not significantly with temperature of exposure, and
      decreases with quercetin concentration. Metal salts such as ferrous and copper
      sulfates also facilitate inactivation, but these effects may be reversible.
      Understanding the factors which minimize the mutagenic potential of food
      ingredients should lead to safer foods.

PMID- 6437168
TI  - Glutamate and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in spinocerebellar degeneration.

PMID- 6437169
TI  - [Experimental study on the relationship between experimental naphthalene cataract
      and iris color in the animal eye. III. Histochemical observation of o-diphenol
      oxidase activity in the iris and ciliary body in albino and pigmented rats].

PMID- 6437170
TI  - Complications of digital intravenous angiography: experience in 2488
      cervicocranial examinations.
AB  - All complications were recorded from the initial 2488 cases studied with digital
      intravenous angiography (DIVA) at New York University Medical Center. Mechanisms
      of producing these reactions were categorized into procedure-related, contrast
      medium-related, or disease-related. The complications included extravasation of
      contrast material into the arm (11 patients) and mediastinum (two), acute
      pulmonary edema (four), hypotension (23), thrombophlebitis (two), and grand mal
      seizure (one). Recommendations are made that would allow DIVA to be performed
      more safely.

PMID- 6437171
TI  - Entriflex feeding tube: need for care in using it.

PMID- 6437172
TI  - CT of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Thirty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were examined by computed
      tomography. In addition to systemic disease, these patients had a variety of
      neurologic symptoms and signs. Cerebral toxoplasmosis (six cases) was generally
      manifested by ring-enhancing lesions with surrounding decreased attenuation.
      Lymphoma (one case) exhibited a solid enhancing nodule, and progressive
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy (two cases) showed periventricular decreased
      attenuation. Atrophy (15 cases) was very common and invariably indicated a poor
      prognosis; the autopsy examinations of the latter cases showed degeneration of
      gray and white matter with features similar to cytomegalic inclusion encephalitis
      and subacute sclerosing encephalopathy of measles.

PMID- 6437173
TI  - High-resolution computed tomographic appearance of normal cochlear aqueduct.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 37 patients with normal adult cochlear
      aqueducts were selected for retrospective analysis. Usually, only the
      inferomedial part of the cochlear aqueduct could be seen on axial CT. The sizes
      of the external cochlear aqueduct opening were tabulated, and they did not vary
      significantly with age or gender. The average width was 2.9 mm. Of the
      configurations found, the most common was the funnel (22 cases).

PMID- 6437174
TI  - Intraventricular cysticercal cysts: further neuroradiologic observations and
      neurosurgical implications.
AB  - Intraventricular cysticercosis is potentially lethal. Six of 46 patients died
      from acute hydrocephalus shortly after hospital admission. The need for early
      computed tomographic scanning in immigrants from endemic areas complaining of
      headaches is emphasized by this experience. If time has elapsed since the initial
      diagnosis, these cysts may migrate within the ventricular system. Reconfirmation
      of the location of an intraventricular cysticercal cyst is advisable before
      surgery. Contrast enhancement of an intraventricular cysticercal cyst implies
      associated granular ependymitis. Surgical removal of such cysts probably should
      not be attempted as long as the cysts are not causing significant mass effect
      with neurologic signs and symptoms. Shunting alone is advocated for the treatment
      of hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6437176
TI  - Computed tomographic demonstration of choanal atresia.
AB  - During a 3-year period, nine girls and two boys (age range, 2 days-13 years) with
      congenital choanal atresia were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Other
      associated congenital anomalies, primarily craniofacial anomalies, were present
      in six of the 11 patients. In six patients the atresia was bilateral and
      consisted of both bony and membranous components. Of the five patients with
      unilateral atresia, the lesions were on the right in three and on the left in
      two. CT demonstrated the atresia, choanal stenosis, septal deviation, and
      thickening of the vomer and palatine bone. The ease of CT examination and the
      high accuracy of the results make it the preferred imaging method for evaluating
      choanal atresia.

PMID- 6437175
TI  - Labyrinthine ossification secondary to childhood bacterial meningitis:
      implications for cochlear implant surgery.
AB  - Of 20 children who underwent cochlear implantation for profound sensorineural
      hearing loss secondary to bacterial meningitis, 14 had round-window and cochlear
      ossification at surgery. Preoperative polytomography demonstrated ossification in
      11 of these. The incidence of ossification was highest after meningitis secondary
      to pneumococcal pneumonia. In only one of four children with severe ossification
      of the labyrinth was implant surgery unsuccessful. Preliminary results indicate
      that mild labyrinthine ossification is not a contraindication to cochlear
      implantation.

PMID- 6437177
TI  - Intraoperative sonography during lumbar laminectomy: work in progress.
AB  - The feasibility of intraoperative sonography during lumbar laminectomy was
      demonstrated in six cases. The most obvious advantage was the ability to image
      the spinal canal anterior to the spinal cord or cauda equina, which cannot be
      seen directly from the posterior operative approach. A water bath of warm saline
      serves as an ideal acoustic window. This technique has the potential to be a
      significant contribution to intraoperative exploration and localization.

PMID- 6437178
TI  - Preembolization superselective angiography: role in the treatment of brain
      arteriovenous malformations with isobutyl-2 cyanoacrylate.
AB  - Transfemoral and intraoperative embolization of arteriovenous malformations
      (AVMs) of the brain with isobutyl-2 cyanoacrylate may achieve complete and
      permanent occlusion of the AVMs. The preembolization superselective angiogram is
      an important source of information to decrease potential technical or clinical
      complications while seeking that goal. The information obtained from the
      angiogram of each individual feeder may be classified as anatomical, dynamic, and
      functional. This angiogram is performed either through a calibrated-leak balloon
      glued to a Silastic tubing, which is capable of negotiating cortical arterial
      curves, or through a short catheter directly placed into a feeder at surgery. In
      64 patients, 175 preembolization superselective angiograms were obtained. Of
      those, 105 were obtained using the transfemoral technique, and 70 were obtained
      by direct catheterization after a craniotomy. Complications occurred in eight
      patients with only one permanent injury. Transient neurologic deficit occurred in
      five patients. One patient developed a permanent left monoplegia and one patient
      a subarachnoid hemorrhage without permanent neurologic deficit. In one patient, a
      delayed intracerebral hemorrhage produced a right hemiplegia and aphasia. The
      patient fully recovered in 6 months.

PMID- 6437179
TI  - Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery in children.
AB  - Intracranial aneurysms in children are very rare and differ from those in adults
      in several ways. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are among the least
      common of intracranial aneurysms and little is known of their presentation and
      prognosis. Two cases of PCA aneurysms in children are reported, and 21 other
      cases of PCA aneurysms in patients 20 years of age or younger are reviewed. PCA
      aneurysms in children have a marked male predominance and are usually large,
      symptomatic, and tend to occur proximal or distal to the circle of Willis.
      Diagnostic computed tomography may be warranted earlier in children than in
      adults with similar symptoms referable to intracranial abnormalities because
      children are more likely to have an organic cause for such symptoms.

PMID- 6437180
TI  - Fractures of the craniovertebral junction associated with other fractures of the
      spine: overlooked entity?
AB  - In a review of 155 craniovertebral fractures (occiput-C1-C2), 40 of these had
      associated fractures and/or dislocations or subluxations elsewhere in the spine.
      This rather common occurrence, one of four, has not been emphasized in the recent
      literature, indicating that the radiologic examination should not stop after the
      craniovertebral fracture is identified. Furthermore, in 13 patients, neurologic
      deficits were encountered that in all instances were from associated lower-level
      fracture. From this experience it was believed that a minimum of anteroposterior
      and lateral views of the entire spine should be obtained in patients in whom a
      craniovertebral fracture is found, especially if neurologic deficits are present.
      The other sites of injury were in the lower cervical spine in 17 patients, in the
      thoracic spine in five, in the lumbar spine in two, and in the sacrococcygeal
      spine in two patients. Eight patients had three or more levels of fracture.

PMID- 6437181
TI  - Unilateral posterior arch fractures of the atlas.
AB  - Unilateral posterior arch fractures of the atlas are discussed with two clinical
      examples and an experimental study of their mechanism. Laboratory fracturing of
      posterior arches of atlas specimens with a specially adapted universal testing
      machine produced nonsimultaneous fractures of the two sides in four of six
      specimens. In three of these specimens, a complete fracture on one side was
      temporarily displaced because the orientation of the leverage acting on the other
      side changed from sagittal to oblique. The consequent increase in the effective
      length of the lever arm reduced the angular deformation and strain on the second
      side. The second fracture occurred only after additional deflection of the
      posterior tubercle by up to 3 mm reproduced on the second side about the same
      angle of deformation that had caused the first fracture. A posterior arch
      fracture occurring by this mechanism will remain unilateral if the deflection is
      arrested before failure of the second side.

PMID- 6437182
TI  - Simplified patient positioning to reduce beam hardening in CT of the lower neck.

PMID- 6437183
TI  - Safety of contrast media in cerebral angiography: iopamidol vs. methylglucamine
      iothalamate.
AB  - A randomized double-blind study was performed in 27 patients to compare the
      clinical safety, incidence of pain and warmth, and film quality produced by
      iopamidol and Conray-60 in selective cerebral angiography. No complications or
      adverse reactions occurred in either group. Iopamidol was significantly less
      painful than was methylglucamine iothalamate for common carotid artery injections
      and caused significantly less heat in both common carotid and internal carotid
      artery injections. Film quality and diagnostic accuracy were excellent in both
      groups. These results, when viewed in conjunction with laboratory data
      demonstrating the decreased neurotoxicity of nonionic contrast agents, suggest
      that iopamidol is an important advance in the development of angiographic
      contrast media.

PMID- 6437184
TI  - Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the calvaria.

PMID- 6437185
TI  - Sonographic appearance of congenital malignant astrocytoma.

PMID- 6437186
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in Hurler syndrome.

PMID- 6437187
TI  - Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea arising from the middle cranial fossa: CT
      demonstration.

PMID- 6437188
TI  - Septic saddle embolus causing basilar artery rupture without mycotic aneurysm.

PMID- 6437189
TI  - Metrizamide CT ventriculography in the evaluation of a pseudoballooned fourth
      ventricle.

PMID- 6437191
TI  - Sonographic recognition of lissencephaly (agyria).

PMID- 6437190
TI  - Carotid-cavernous fistula due to traumatic dissection of the extracranial
      internal carotid artery.

PMID- 6437192
TI  - Sinus pericranii and venous angioma in the blue-rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

PMID- 6437193
TI  - CT Appearance of the retroisthmic cleft.

PMID- 6437194
TI  - Diverticulum of the urinary bladder.
AB  - Vesical diverticulum predominates in males and is frequently associated with
      obstruction at or near the bladder neck. The obstruction may be due to benign
      prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture or, less often, carcinoma. Diagnosis is
      made by intravenous or retrograde cystogram. Urinary stasis leads to recurrent
      infection and stone formation. While small diverticula may often be left alone,
      large ones should be surgically removed.

PMID- 6437195
TI  - Complex partial seizures.
AB  - Complex partial seizures, the most common of the adult seizure types, originate
      in the temporal lobe or limbic system. They include spells with emotional
      content, cognitive defects, hallucinations and automatisms. Video recordings, EEG
      telemetry and positron emission tomography have provided a better understanding
      of the electrophysiology of these seizures. Computed tomography reveals lesions
      in 50 to 70 percent of the patients. Seizures that are intractable to medical
      therapy can be treated by temporal lobe resection, with benefits in at least 70
      percent of patients.

PMID- 6437196
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis.
AB  - Necrotizing fasciitis is a synergistic infection caused by aerobic and anaerobic
      organisms, resulting in liquefaction and necrosis of the fascia. Clinical
      findings typically include septicemia, anemia and radiographic evidence of gas in
      the soft tissue. Most patients have a history of diabetes or atherosclerosis.
      Morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early diagnosis, extensive surgical
      debridement and aggressive nutritional support.

PMID- 6437197
TI  - The new oral antidiabetic drugs.

PMID- 6437198
TI  - Role of the family in nursing home care.
AB  - Family participation is extremely important in managing the nursing home patient.
      In order to attract and maintain close family involvement in the care, the
      physician and the nursing staff should design an ongoing program of family
      participation in the physical, psychologic and social rehabilitation of the
      patient. By maintaining a continuous rapport with the family, the physician can
      make sure that all who are concerned are satisfied with the patient's care.

PMID- 6437199
TI  - Uterine cancer screening by the family physician.
AB  - Endometrial diagnostic techniques available to the family physician for office
      use have a high degree of accuracy in identifying intrauterine pathology. Recent
      refinements in endometrial sampling devices have made their use cost-effective
      and complication rates minimal. These methods can be utilized annually for
      screening asymptomatic women at high risk of developing uterine cancer. Detection
      of endometrial hyperplasia has improved with the newer samplers. Patient
      acceptance is excellent, especially with the cytologic devices.

PMID- 6437200
TI  - Cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6437201
TI  - Gonococcal endocarditis: a case series demonstrating modern presentation of an
      old disease.
AB  - Gonococcal endocarditis appeared with striking frequency in the preantibiotic era
      compared with its surprising rarity today. We present a series of four episodes
      of gonococcal endocarditis, which presented to our institution in the last 2
      years, after no cases in the previous decade. Three episodes involved the aortic
      valve and required emergency aortic valve replacement. One episode involved the
      tricuspid valve and was successfully cured with antibiotic infusion alone.
      Combining our four patients with the available 25 well-documented gonococcal
      endocarditis cases reported in the English medical literature during the
      antibiotic era, we demonstrated that the disease incidence may be increasing,
      that infections more often involve left-sided cardiac structures (particularly
      the aortic valve), and that the association with a quotidian fever curve, rash
      and arthritis, and overt gonococcal infection is less common than previously
      reported. These patients frequently present with fulminant and dramatic valvular
      insufficiency without immediately positive blood cultures and complete
      echocardiographic evaluation seems to provide a valuable aid in making a
      presumptive diagnosis of endocarditis and directing appropriate clinical
      management.

PMID- 6437202
TI  - Enteral nutrition: a 'natural' for pharmacy.

PMID- 6437203
TI  - Effects of angiocardiographic contrast media on the pulmonary circulation in
      pigs.
AB  - In 12 open-chest pigs, mean weight 18 kg, simultaneous beat-to-beat measurements
      of pressure in the right and left atria and right and left ventricles, and of
      pressure and flow in the pulmonary artery, were performed before, during and
      after the injection of 0.8 ml/kg with 10 to 15 ml/s of diatrizoate, ioxaglate and
      iopamidol as well as mannitol, normal saline solution and own blood into the
      right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Within 5 beats after
      injection, all determined hemodynamic values reached their maxima of change
      independent of site of injection and kind of injectate. After 10 to 20 beats,
      pulmonary resistance diminished, and the reduction was more pronounced and longer
      lasting the higher the osmolality of the injectate. Hemodynamic changes during
      the first beats were a result of the rapidly injected volume; longer lasting
      hemodynamic changes were associated with an osmolality-dependent decrease in
      pulmonary resistance.

PMID- 6437204
TI  - Transient disappearance of variant angina attacks during atrial fibrillation with
      fast ventricular rate.

PMID- 6437205
TI  - Effect of nitroglycerin on coronary collateral flow and pressure during acute
      coronary occlusion.
AB  - Coronary collateral function was evaluated in 21 conscious, unsedated patients by
      measuring aortic and distal coronary pressures and great cardiac vein flow during
      transient (1 minute) balloon occlusion of the anterior descending artery in the
      course of coronary angioplasty. Measurements were made before and during
      administration of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG). Clinical, electrocardiographic
      and hemodynamic events of transient myocardial ischemia occurred in 10 patients
      before and 6 patients during NTG administration (p = 0.11). The NTG infusion
      consistently decreased pressure determinants of myocardial oxygen demand without
      increasing heart rate. NTG also decreased a calculated coronary collateral
      resistance index in 13 patients. Responsiveness to NTG did not appear to depend
      on the presence or absence of collateral vessels detected by angiography or on
      any other angiographic variable assessed. Measurement of coronary collateral
      function during coronary angioplasty is a new technique with the potential to
      assess the ability of interventions to prevent transient myocardial ischemia and
      improve myocardial perfusion during acute coronary occlusion in humans.

PMID- 6437206
TI  - Mechanism of nitroglycerin-induced coronary dilatation: lack of relation to
      intracoronary thromboxane concentrations.
AB  - Intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) increases coronary blood flow and NTG inhibits
      thromboxane (Tx) A2 production and release. However, whether an alteration in
      TxA2 is the mechanism by which NTG increases coronary blood flow is not known.
      Coronary sinus (CS) blood flow (BF) (by thermodilution) and the concentration of
      TxB2 (the stable metabolite of TxA2) in CS blood were measured in 23 patients (16
      men and 7 women, aged 26 to 65 years) with coronary artery disease before, during
      and after injection of normal saline solution (n = 5, control subjects) or NTG,
      100 micrograms (n = 18), into the left coronary artery. In the 5 control
      subjects, saline solution caused no change in CSBF or the concentration of TxB2
      in CS blood. Ten of the 18 patients to whom NTG was given had received no
      cyclooxygenase inhibitors for 10 days. In these patients, NTG caused a marked
      increase in CSBF (from 112 +/- 64 to 152 +/- 70 ml/min, p less than 0.01) but no
      consistent change in the concentration of TxB2 in CS blood (141 +/- 132 to 160 +/
      155 pg/ml, difference not significant [NS]). The remaining 8 patients to whom
      NTG was given received aspirin before the study. In these patients, NTG caused a
      marked increase in CSBF (from 111 +/- 39 to 180 +/- 63 ml/min, p less than 0.01),
      even though the concentration of TxB2 in CS blood (8 +/- 10 to 6 +/- 6 pg/ml, NS)
      was lower (p less than 0.05) than that in control subjects and patients not
      receiving aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437207
TI  - Identification of patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Ventricular arrhythmias play an important role in the pathophysiologic aspects of
      sudden cardiac death. To increase the precision in predicting sudden cardiac
      death, ventricular arrhythmias can be classified into 3 groups: benign,
      potentially malignant and malignant. Benign ventricular arrhythmias pose
      negligible risk of sudden cardiac death; they usually present as palpitations and
      are not associated with heart disease. The frequency of ventricular premature
      depolarizations is usually moderate and repetitive forms are usually moderate and
      repetitive forms are usually absent in benign ventricular arrhythmias.
      Potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias pose a moderate risk of sudden
      cardiac death; they present as palpitations or are discovered on routine
      screening and are associated with significant heart disease. The frequency of
      ventricular premature depolarizations usually is moderate, and repetitive forms
      are present. It is not known whether treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs will
      decrease the mortality associated with potentially malignant ventricular
      arrhythmias. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias pose a high risk of sudden cardiac
      death; they may present as palpitations, syncope or cardiac arrest and have a
      strong association with heart disease. The frequency of ventricular premature
      depolarizations is moderate to high, repetitive forms are present and
      intermittent sustained ventricular arrhythmias occur. Patients who have malignant
      ventricular arrhythmias and respond to antiarrhythmic drug treatment are proven
      to have a much lower mortality than those who do not.

PMID- 6437208
TI  - Metabolic responses to a meal during rest and low-intensity exercise.
AB  - The effects of intermittent exercise on increases in metabolic rate and plasma
      insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations at 1, 2, and 3 h after an 800
      kcal meal were examined in six healthy volunteers. Mean plasma insulin
      concentrations were significantly lower (-61%) at the end of a 15-min exercise
      session on a stationary bicycle (50 W) at 1 h after the meal, compared to insulin
      concentrations when subjects rested throughout the test, but had returned to
      normal resting levels by 30 min after the end of the exercise bout. Mean plasma
      glucose concentrations were not significantly different at the end of the
      exercise bouts than they were at comparable times of the resting study, but were
      about 20 mg/dl higher 30 min after the exercise bouts. Plasma triglyceride
      concentrations increased by approximately 50% after the meal, and this effect was
      not influenced by exercise. Resting metabolic rate increased by 19.9 +/- 2.1,
      20.6 +/- 2.1, and 15.1 +/- 2.4 kcal/h at 1, 2, and 3 h after meal onset, and the
      metabolic rate during exercise increased by 13.8 +/- 4.4, 16.8 +/- 3.5, and 11.6
      +/- 3.4 kcal/h at 1, 2, and 3 h after meal onset. These data suggest that
      postprandial exercise would be no more beneficial than preprandial exercise in
      increasing energy expenditure.

PMID- 6437209
TI  - Factor VIII (procoagulant activity VIII:C, and antigen VIII:CAg, related antigen
      VIIIR:Ag and ristocetin cofactor VIIIR:Cof) in intensive care patients with
      clinically suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
AB  - VIII:C, VIII:CAg, VIIIR:Ag and VIIIR:Cof were determined repeatedly in nine shock
      patients with suspected DIC and in five patients with uncomplicated acute
      myocardial infarction and compared with the clinical course and the severity of
      DIC as reflected by a score based on six routine coagulation and fibrinolysis
      parameters. All shock patients showed high levels of VIIIR:Ag, VIIIR:Cof, and
      VIII:CAg, averaging fivefold to sixfold the normal level, of VIII:C averaging
      threefold the normal level. VIIIR:Cof and VIIIR:Ag significantly correlated in
      both groups of patients. In shock patients, VIII:C values were lower than
      VIII:CAg and varied between 40-90% of VIII:CAg. There were significant negative
      correlations between the DIC score on the one hand and ratios of VIII:C/VIIIR:Ag,
      VIII:C/VIII:CAg, and VIII:CAg/VIIIR:Ag on the other. The two patients who died
      from irreversible shock had the highest DIC score and lowest ratios of
      VIII:C/VIIIR:Ag and VIII:CAg/VIIIR:Ag as well as VIII:C/VIIIR:Cof and
      VIII:CAg/VIIIR:Cof. Released VIIIR:Ag multimers possess the ristocetin cofactor
      activity. In DIC, VIII:CAg is partially proteolyzed, however, less than VIII:C.
      The quotient VIII:C/VIIIR:Cof or VIII:C/VIIIR:Ag is a good indicator of the
      severity of DIC and may have important prognostic value.

PMID- 6437210
TI  - Polymeric (presumed tetrameric) lambda Bence Jones proteinemia without
      proteinuria in a patient with multiple myeloma.
AB  - A 55-year-old man presented with nerve compression and examination of tissue
      removed by laminectomy, and bone marrow aspiration was diagnostic of multiple
      myeloma. Protein studies showed a total serum protein of 5.7 g/dL, with a M
      component in the fast beta region. The abnormal protein reacted only with anti
      lambda antisera but not with antisera from multiple sources in four different
      laboratories, against known heavy chain and kappa-chain determinants. A marked
      difference in potency of commercial anti-lambda antisera was noted. The reaction
      was primarily demonstrable in serum and present only in 100-times concentrated
      urine. Gel filtration disclosed a molecular weight of 84,000. The patient has
      been followed for the past four years and has not demonstrated significant
      proteinuria. The English and Japanese literature records seven cases of
      tetrameric Bence Jones multiple myeloma or plasma cell dyscrasia. This case
      appears to be the eighth recorded cases of tetrameric Bence Jones proteinemia,
      the fifth case without proteinuria, and the fifth case involving lambda light
      chains.

PMID- 6437211
TI  - Efficacy of early newborn discharge in a middle-class population.
AB  - The safety of early newborn discharge was assessed by determining the incidence,
      time of onset, and nature or problems requiring hospitalization that appeared in
      the first two weeks of life among 1,735 consecutively born term infants in a
      private metropolitan hospital. Infants with and without abnormalities during the
      initial six-hour transitional period were compared. Of 1,583 initially well
      infants, 11 (0.7%) had problems other than jaundice develop that required
      hospitalization in the first three days of life. In contrast, 42 (28%) of the 152
      infants with abnormal transitional periods required prolonged hospital care; this
      was statistically significant. The nature of the problems occurring before and
      after 72 hours was similar, jaundice being the most common and occurring with
      equal frequency in both periods. Most illness requiring hospitalization in the
      first three days of life could have been safely detected during an outpatient
      visit; these findings, in addition to a cost-benefit estimate, suggest that early
      discharge of initially well infants with careful follow-up may be an effective
      alternative to a traditional three-day stay.

PMID- 6437212
TI  - Management of respiratory failure in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.
AB  - Fifteen infants with acute viral bronchiolitis required mechanical ventilation.
      Infants were all aged less than 12 weeks and all had evidence of atelectasis or
      pneumonia on chest x-ray films. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified by
      immunofluorescence in 14 of 15 patients. Intubation and mechanical ventilation
      were initiated to reduce the work of breathing rather than to treat hypoxemia
      alone. Additional therapy included continuous positive airway pressure or
      positive end-expiratory pressure, sedation, aminophylline, diuretics, fluid
      restriction, and early feeding.

PMID- 6437213
TI  - Kinin cleavage by human erythrocytes.
AB  - An aminopeptidase-P has been purified 230-fold from human erythrocytes. The
      purified enzyme cleaved arginine from des-(Arg9)-bradykinin (Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe
      Ser-Pro-Phe) had a molecular weight in nondenaturing buffers of 155,000 +/- 6,900
      daltons, was not inactivated by chelating agents, had a pH optimum of 7.2, and
      was stimulated by manganous ions. The aminopeptidase-P was stable in intact
      erythrocytes for at least 21 days. Extensively washed and intact human
      erythrocytes cleaved arginine from exogenously supplied des-(Arg9)-bradykinin;
      arginine was the earliest-appearing reaction product. Purified aminopeptidase-P
      also cleaved a group of X-proline dipeptides including leucyl-proline, methionyl
      proline, phenylalanyl-proline, arginyl-proline, and alanyl-proline. The total
      intra-erythrocytic aminopeptidase-P activity of the "average 70-kg man" was 2,600
      units, approximately five times the amount of activity in the total lung mass.
      The human erythrocyte aminopeptidase-P activity was not tightly bound to the
      erythrocyte membrane. Intact erythrocytes also exhibited some kinin-converting
      enzyme activity.

PMID- 6437215
TI  - New Medicare guidelines for home nutrition.

PMID- 6437214
TI  - Differentiation of human adult and fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatases with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Two forms of intestinal alkaline phosphatase have been recognized in humans. They
      are very similar in a number of biochemical and immunologic characteristics, but
      the exact genetic relationship between them remains unclear. To further study
      this problem, six monoclonal antibodies and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to
      human fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase have been produced. All of the
      monoclonal antibodies and the rabbit antiserum crossreact with adult intestinal
      alkaline phosphatase and with the intestinal-like alkaline phosphatase found in
      D98/AH-2 human tissue-culture cells. Four of the monoclonal antibodies and the
      rabbit antiserum crossreact with placental alkaline phosphatase, while none of
      the antibodies or the antiserum recognize liver or kidney alkaline phosphatase.
      Four of the monoclonal antibodies can distinguish between adult and fetal
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase in electrophoretic titration-binding studies,
      with the relative binding of adult enzyme being significantly greater than that
      of the fetal enzyme in each case. One of these antibodies, which also reacts with
      placental alkaline phosphatase, can distinguish the type 3 allelic variant of the
      placental enzyme from types 1 and 2. This indicates that the antibody detects a
      structural difference in the protein moiety of one of the allelic forms of the
      enzyme. These data suggest that adult and fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatases
      represent structurally distinct proteins, either encoded for by different genes
      or produced by differential processing of a common precursor molecule determined
      by a single gene.

PMID- 6437216
TI  - Justifying additional pharmacist staff in an era of cost reductions.
AB  - A proposal is described that justified adding one full-time equivalent (FTE)
      pharmacist in a 125-bed community hospital that already employed in its pharmacy
      department 2.5 FTE pharmacists and 5.2 FTE other personnel. The administrative
      steps taken included identifying the need for an additional staff member and
      documenting the cost effectiveness of various clinical activities. Literature
      references were used to justify the proposed ratio of pharmacists to technicians;
      to show the results of deficiencies in supervision, motivation, and scheduling;
      and to demonstrate the cost effectiveness of serum concentration monitoring,
      formulary review, and patient discharge-medication consultations. Results of
      formulary review, drug-use audits, dosing guidelines, and serum concentration
      monitoring performed by the pharmacy department were included in the proposal.
      Prospective drug-use reviews, computerized pharmacokinetic dose determinations,
      additional educational programs, and tighter purchasing policies were identified
      as other cost-saving activities that could be performed with an additional
      pharmacist. A 12-page proposal was submitted in July 1983 to the hospital
      administrator and the budget review committee, and the additional staff position
      was approved. The key to maintaining the new pharmacist position will be the
      continual documentation of cost-saving activities within the department.

PMID- 6437217
TI  - How to establish a pharmacokinetics consulting service for ambulatory patients.
AB  - Guidelines on establishing a pharmacokinetics consultation service are presented
      with emphasis on outpatient services. Need for the service must first be
      demonstrated, using the literature and local data on frequency of serum drug
      concentration monitoring for particular drugs and patient subgroups. Physician
      interest in the program must be determined. The pharmacist intervention may be
      restricted to technical interpretation of serum drug concentration data, or it
      can include advice based on the patient's disease process, drug effects, and the
      interaction between the two. In the service described, a patient interview, a
      chart review, drug analysis, and a written consultation were provided. A flow
      chart showing movement of the patient through the service was used, and the
      pharmacist documented the consultation in the patient's medical record, including
      recommendations for dosage change and follow-up. Cost items to consider in
      establishing the service include equipment and supplies, space, and personnel.
      Staff members who are responsible for serum drug analyses must meet state
      specific requirements. In estimating revenues, the current number of requests for
      serum drug concentrations should be doubled and the institution's estimated rate
      of collection should be used. After the service is established, the cost of a
      computerized system for pharmacokinetic predictions may be justified by the
      increased efficiency of such a system.

PMID- 6437218
TI  - Apathy for the ideal in unit dose drug distribution.

PMID- 6437219
TI  - Update on vitamin K1 content of enteral products.

PMID- 6437220
TI  - Evaluating group purchasing through a prime vendor.
AB  - Use of a prime vendor by a drug-purchasing group representing 17 community
      hospitals is described and evaluated for cost effectiveness. The group was formed
      in 1981 by 15 hospitals in Minnesota and one each in Wisconsin and Iowa. The
      group solicited bids to select one drug wholesaler (distribution center). Drug
      product manufacturers submitted bids to the group, and contracts were awarded to
      low bidders who agreed to use the distribution center. All 17 hospitals were
      evaluated for differences in inventory value and inventory turnover before (1980)
      and after (1982) initiation of the prime-vendor system; hospitals in the group
      were paired with control hospitals to eliminate environmental bias. A detailed
      analysis of inventory and operating costs was conducted in one of the hospitals.
      The hospitals in the purchasing group reduced drug inventory value by 30.1%,
      increased inventory turns by 55.3%, and purchased 72.8% of all their
      pharmaceuticals (based on dollar value) through the distribution center. The
      group obtained a distribution center service fee reduction of 39.2%. Hospitals in
      this group showed greater decreases in inventory value and increases in inventory
      turnover than the controls. The detailed analysis at a single hospital showed
      that cost savings included direct savings on inventory investment and order
      handling and indirect savings from elimination of inventory carrying costs and
      costs of processing checks and purchase orders. Operating costs were reduced by
      group purchasing of drug products from a prime vendor. Inventory control and
      purchasing practices improved.

PMID- 6437221
TI  - Stability of nitroglycerin solutions in polyolefin and glass containers.
AB  - The stability of nitroglycerin in concentrations of 200 and 400 micrograms/ml in
      eight common intravenous solutions was studied. Two containers of each solution
      at each concentration, one glass and one polyolefin, were stored under each of
      the following conditions: intense light (1400-2000 foot-candles) and ambient room
      temperature (18-27 degrees C), normal light and ambient room temperature, dark
      and 40 degrees C, and dark and 5 degrees C. All samples were tested at 0 and 24
      hours. Room temperature and refrigerated samples were also tested at 48 hours, 7
      days, and 1 month. Testing included measurement for optical density at 400 and
      600 nm, pH, and nitroglycerin content as determined by HPLC. The admixtures
      remained clear and colorless, and no appreciable changes in pH were observed.
      HPLC assays showed no significant changes in nitroglycerin concentrations. There
      were no differences in the stability of the admixtures stored in the glass and
      polyolefin containers. Nitroglycerin is compatible with each of the common
      intravenous solutions tested under the storage conditions and in the containers
      used for this study.

PMID- 6437222
TI  - Effects of presaturation on nitroglycerin delivery by polyvinyl chloride infusion
      sets.

PMID- 6437223
TI  - Testicular regression in a patient with virilized female phenotype.
AB  - The 16-year old girl studied here had ambiguous external genitalia, ie, enlarged
      clitoris, pseudo vagina, and rudiments of Wolffian tubes. Her karyotype was 46,XY
      and she was H-Y antigen-positive. In spite of absence of gonadal tissue, genital
      virilization suggests presence of testes during embryogenesis. This patient is
      compared to 20 others with testicular regression from the literature. Autosomal
      recessive inheritance of this condition is proposed.

PMID- 6437224
TI  - Is the problem a nursing diagnosis?

PMID- 6437225
TI  - Priming with gonadotropin-releasing hormone restores gonadotropin secretion
      during first but not second trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether the lack of secretion of endogenous
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone is the etiology of the hypogonadotropic state of
      pregnancy. For this purpose, five pregnant women in their first trimester
      received a single intravenous dose of 150 micrograms of gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone. Another five women in the first trimester and five women in the second
      trimester of pregnancy received daily intramuscular injections of 500 micrograms
      of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for 10 consecutive days. This was followed by a
      single 150 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone test and then a 24-hour
      pulsatile infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone of 10 micrograms/min/6 min
      given every hour. Baseline plasma beta-luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone were undetectable in all women. Mean +/- SEM plasma beta
      human chorionic gonadotropin was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the
      first trimester than in the second trimester, and mean plasma estradiol and
      prolactin were significantly increased (p less than 0.001 and 0.05, respectively)
      during the second trimester of pregnancy. After the 10-day treatment with
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone there was a significant increase (p less than
      0.05) in baseline beta-luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone only
      in the first-trimester pregnant women. The single as well as the pulsatile
      administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone resulted in a further
      significant increase in both beta-luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating
      hormone. In contradistinction, women in the second trimester of pregnancy showed
      a blunted response to the daily and pulsatile administration of gonadotropin
      releasing hormone. Since the pituitary secretion of gonadotropin was functionally
      restored by the administration of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone,
      possibly there is a lack of secretion of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone during the first trimester of pregnancy. An increased negative feedback
      produced by increasing levels of plasma estradiol might be the cause of pituitary
      refractoriness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone during the second trimester of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6437226
TI  - Effects of ethanol on alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidative
      system activities in fetal mice.
AB  - In an attempt to better understand the mechanism of the fetal damage caused by
      ethanol, we studied the effects of its administration on the activity of some
      ethanol metabolizing enzymes in mice fetuses. Animals were given a single ethanol
      injection (0.01 ml of a 25% solution in 0.9% sodium chloride per gram of body
      weight) on day 12 of pregnancy and were divided into groups that were killed 24,
      48, and 72 hours later. The fetal and maternal livers were isolated, homogenized,
      and divided into subcellular fractions. Alcohol dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome C
      reductase, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and cytochrome P-450 activities were
      measured and compared with those of control animals injected with saline
      solution. We found that ethanol caused (1) a significant but transient increase
      in fetal alcohol dehydrogenase activity, (2) a significant and persistent
      increase in fetal cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activities,
      and (3) no change in fetal NADH-cytochrome C reductase activity. These effects
      were similar although quantitatively smaller than those observed in the maternal
      liver and disappeared after pretreatment with metyrapone. This work demonstrates
      that ethanol has a similar effect upon both maternal and fetal ethanol
      metabolizing enzymes and gives experimental support to the possibility that a
      reactive product of the interaction between ethanol and the cytochrome P-450
      system may be responsible for the embryotoxic effects of this compound.

PMID- 6437227
TI  - Evidence for altered catecholamine metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.
AB  - It has been hypothesized by Yen et al. that there is decreased dopaminergic
      control of luteinizing hormone secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. Levels of
      urinary homovanillic acid, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol were measured in seven women with polycystic ovary syndrome
      and in six matched control subjects to reflect, in part, central dopamine and
      norepinephrine metabolism. In addition, gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      stimulation tests were carried out in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in
      control subjects. In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, serum gonadotropin
      levels were determined before and after gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      stimulation, before and after treatment with 500 mg of L-dopa for 1 week, and
      again before and after treatment with 400 mg of L-dopa and 100 mg of carbidopa
      for 1 week the following month. Urinary homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenyl
      acetic acid levels were significantly lower and the level of 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol was significantly higher in patients with polycystic ovary
      syndrome (p less than 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between
      levels of homovanillic acid and serum luteinizing hormone (r = -0.57, p less than
      0.05) and a positive correlation between the ratio of 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol/homovanillic acid and luteinizing hormone (r = 0.75, p less
      than 0.01). After gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, delta max serum
      luteinizing hormone was elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome but
      decreased to control levels after treatment with L-dopa. No changes occurred in
      baseline levels of serum luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone.
      After treatment with L-dopa-carbidopa, baseline levels of luteinizing hormone and
      follicle-stimulating hormone were unchanged as were responses after gonadotropin
      releasing hormone stimulation. These data suggest that there may be altered
      catecholamine metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Viewed together with
      previous findings by Yen et al., our data support the hypothesis that there is
      decreased dopaminergic control of luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovary
      syndrome.

PMID- 6437228
TI  - The management of severe rhesus isoimmunization by fetoscopic intravascular
      transfusions.
AB  - Twenty-five severely rhesus-isoimmunized fetuses, including 15 with hydrops
      fetalis, underwent a total of 77 intrauterine transfusions between 19 and 32
      weeks' gestation. Fifty-eight of the procedures were fetoscopically directed
      intravascular transfusions, nine were ultrasound-guided intraperitoneal
      transfusions, and 10 were a combination of intravascular transfusion, fetal
      paracentesis, and intraperitoneal transfusion. The average number of antenatal
      procedures per patient was three (range, one to five). The survival rate for the
      19 fetuses that received their initial intrauterine transfusion at or before 25
      weeks' gestation was 84%; 11 of the 13 hydropic fetuses and five of the six
      fetuses without antenatal evidence of hydrops survived. In six cases hydrops
      fetalis was reversed in utero. The outcome in patients referred after 25 weeks'
      gestation was poor; neither of the two hydropic fetuses and only two of the four
      nonhydropic ones survived, which suggests the importance of early referral to a
      team experienced in the management of this problem. However, most of these fetal
      losses occurred early in the series. Seven of the 20 neonates were hydropic, and
      nine had severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count, less than 50,000 X 10(6)/L).
      The mean cord blood hematocrit and bilirubin of the neonates were 25.1% and 82
      mumol/L, respectively. The babies required a total of 69 exchange transfusions
      (range, 0 to 9) and 68 simple transfusions (range, 0 to 25). One newborn infant
      who had had ultrasound evidence of hydrops fetalis at 22 weeks' gestation did not
      require any exchange transfusions. Nine patients required intermittent positive
      pressure ventilation (eight had respiratory distress syndrome and one had apnea)
      for a range of 1 to 86 days. The neonatal survival rate was 90% (18/20).

PMID- 6437229
TI  - Prophylactic Rh immunoglobulin after amniocentesis.

PMID- 6437230
TI  - Bacterial contamination of eyedrop dispensers.
AB  - We undertook an in vitro investigation of the role of the design of the eyedrop
      dispenser in bacterial contamination. The nozzle tips of pipette and squeeze
      bottles containing Fluress (pH 5.0) were inoculated with 10 microliter of an
      ocular isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.5 X 10(5) bacteria/ml). Cultures of
      single drops of ophthalmic solution (25-microliter drops from each pipette bottle
      and 40-microliter drops from each squeeze bottle) were done one minute, 15
      minutes, one hour, two hours, and 24 hours after inoculation. Swabs from the
      inside of the caps of the eyedrop bottles were also cultured at similar
      intervals. No bacteria were recovered from either dispenser type after one hour.
      Swabbings from the caps of the pipette bottles showed no growth within minutes
      after inoculation, but swabbings from the caps of the squeeze bottles
      consistently yielded bacteria for 24 hours. We suggest that the cap of the
      squeeze bottle serves as a potential reservoir for bacterial contamination
      whereas direct contact of microorganisms with the preservative in an ophthalmic
      solution by the use of a pipette-type dispenser decreases the risk of microbial
      contamination and growth.

PMID- 6437231
TI  - Multiple hemopoietic lineages are found after stimulation of mouse bone marrow
      precursor cells with interleukin 3.
AB  - When the murine T-lymphocyte clone L2 is stimulated with concanavalin A, it
      secretes at least two distinct factors that affect hemopoietic precursor cells,
      interleukin 3 (IL3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM
      CSF). IL3 accounts for approximately 10% of the colony-stimulating activity in L2
      cell-conditioned medium. The IL3 secreted by L2 cells is similar antigenically to
      the IL3 secreted by WEHI-3 cells. Like the IL3 from WEHI-3 cells, IL3 secreted by
      L2 cells does not bind to DEAE Sephacel and can be separated from the L2-cell GM
      CSF, which does bind to DEAE. By assessment of the functional, morphologic,
      surface phenotypic, and cytochemical characteristics of bone marrow cells 6 days
      after stimulation with IL3 in liquid culture, four hemopoietic lineages were
      found, including macrophage, neutrophilic granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and
      basophil/mast cell. In addition, when bone marrow cells were stimulated with IL3
      in semisolid medium, several types of colonies were found, including mixed
      colonies containing macrophage, megakaryocyte, and granulocyte lineages.

PMID- 6437232
TI  - Immunohistologic characterization of two malignant lymphomas of germinal center
      type (centroblastic/centrocytic and centrocytic) with monoclonal antibodies.
      Follicular and diffuse lymphomas of small-cleaved-cell type are related but
      distinct entities.
AB  - The relationship between follicular lymphomas and diffuse lymphomas of small
      cleaved-cell type was investigated with the use of a panel of antibodies against
      B-cell differentiation antigens. Follicular lymphomas, regardless of histologic
      subtype, were immunologically homogeneous: Ig+ B1+ B2+ CALLA+ Ia+. Two cases were
      Ig-negative, and 4 were CALLA-negative. Diffuse small-cleaved-cell (centrocytic)
      lymphomas were more heterogeneous. The majority were Ig+ B1+ B2+ Ia+ T1+ CALLA-.
      A minority were B2-negative, T1-negative, or CALLA-positive. An increased
      frequency of Ig heavy chain class switching and loss of T1 antigen suggest that
      follicular lymphomas are at a later stage of differentiation than most
      centrocytic lymphomas. The differences in immunologic phenotype provide further
      justification for a classification that distinguishes between follicular and
      diffuse lymphomas of small-cleaved-cell types. The expression of Ig, Ia, B1, and
      B2 on neoplastic follicular center cells correlates with expression of these
      antigens on normal B cells. In addition, anti-B2 appears to stain a nonlymphoid
      dendritic cell present in normal germinal centers and in both follicular and
      diffuse germinal center cell lymphomas in this study. In follicular lymphomas,
      the dendritic pattern was similar to that of normal follicles, while in
      centrocytic lymphomas a more irregular dendritic pattern was seen. Dendritic
      staining was seen in both nodal and extranodal lymphomas, suggesting that these
      nonlymphoid cells either migrate with neoplastic B cells or are present in a
      variety of normal tissues.

PMID- 6437233
TI  - Diverticulosis and salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) of the fallopian tube.
      Estrogen-induced diverticulosis and SIN of the mouse oviduct.

PMID- 6437234
TI  - Deciduous dental morphology and the biological affinities of a late Chalcolithic
      skeletal series from western India.
AB  - Morphological variations of the dental crown and roots provide valuable data for
      determining the genetic affinities and evolutionary adaptedness of prehistoric
      human skeletal populations. This paper documents morphological variations of a
      sample of deciduous teeth from the late Chalcolithic farming village of Inamgaon
      (1600-700 B.C.) in western India. Hanihara's (1963) grading system of deciduous
      dental traits was employed in assessing the degree of expression of shovel-shape
      of incisors, cusp number of upper and lower first molars, hypocone variation,
      Carabelli's trait, cusp number of lower second molars and the protostylid.
      Turner's (1970) classification was used to determine presence and size of
      accessory cusps: entoconulid (C-6) and metaconulid (C-7). Comparative evaluation
      of the Inamgaon deciduous dental data is hampered by the absence of data for
      dental features of living and prehistoric South Asian populations. Many of the
      traits observed in the Inamgaon series exhibit a frequency of occurrence
      intermediate between figures characteristic of the "Mongoloid" dental complex and
      the "Caucasoid" dental complex.

PMID- 6437235
TI  - Puncture marks on early African anthropoids.
AB  - Field studies of living primates have shown that primate predation is a rare
      event. This must also have been true for past primate communities. In the Fayum
      Oligocene of Egypt, specimens of all four species of Upper Fossil Wood Zone
      primates show evidence of tooth puncture marks. Of the four potential groups of
      primate predators--the snakes, the raptors, the crocodiles, and the primitive
      carnivores or creodonts--only the crocodiles and the creodonts could have made
      these puncture marks. When one compares the feeding habits of living crocodiles
      and mammalian carnivores with the evidence from the Fayum, it appears that the
      Fayum primates were preyed upon and/or scavenged by mammalian carnivore-like
      animals. The dismemberment of the Fayum primates by Oligocene predators
      indicates, in part, why the Fayum fossil material is rarely articulated. Bone
      damage by predators may well set limits on what bone associations can be
      discovered in the Fayum even before the bones are scattered and buried by
      depositional processes.

PMID- 6437236
TI  - An alternative method of estimating the cranial capacity of Olduvai Hominid 7.
AB  - The cranial capacity of Olduvai Hominid 7 is estimated to be 690 cc, with a
      standard uncertainty range of 538 to 868 cc. The estimate is derived from a
      systematic consideration of the relationships between Bregma-Asterion chords and
      cranial capacities obtained from a large sample of Homo sapiens and Pan
      troglodytes and from available fossil hominids. The estimation technique is
      applicable to other characters and specimens.

PMID- 6437237
TI  - Dental microwear and mechanisms in early hominids from Laetoli and Hadar.
AB  - The dentition of early hominids from Laetoli and Hadar provide evidence of
      "incisal stripping" and a shear-grinding action for C/P3 complex through
      microscopic examination of wear facets on dental crowns. This masticatory pattern
      of dental wear resembles that of Papio papio and suggests behavioral analogies
      between early hominids and Papio.

PMID- 6437238
TI  - Metabolic effects of oral fructose in the liver of fasted rats.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour-fasted rats were given fructose (4 g/kg) by gavage. Fructose
      absorption and the portal vein, aorta, and hepatic vein plasma fructose, glucose,
      lactate, and insulin concentrations as well as liver fructose and fructose 1-P,
      glucose, glucose 6-P, UDPglucose, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP, AMP, inorganic
      phosphate (Pi), cAMP, and Mg2+, and glycogen synthase I and phosphorylase alpha
      were measured at 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 120 min after gavage. Liver and muscle
      glycogen and serum uric acid and triglycerides also were measured. Fifty-nine
      percent of the fructose was absorbed in 2 h. There were modest increases in
      plasma and hepatic fructose, glucose, and lactate and in plasma insulin.
      Concentrations in the portal vein, aorta, and hepatic vein plasma indicate rapid
      removal of fructose and lactate by the liver and a modest increase in production
      of glucose. The source of the increase in plasma lactate is uncertain. Hepatic
      glucose 6-P increased twofold; UDPglucose rose transiently and then decreased
      below the control level. Fructose 1-P increased linearly to a concentration of
      3.3 mumol/g wet wt by 120 min. There was no change in ATP, ADP, AMP, cAMP, Pi, or
      Mg2+. Serum triglycerides and uric acid were unchanged. Glycogen synthase was
      activated by 20 min without a change in phosphorylase alpha. This occurred with a
      fructose dose that did not significantly increase either the liver glucose or
      fructose concentrations. Liver glycogen increased linearly after 20 min, and
      glycogen storage was equal in liver (38.4%) and muscle (36.5%).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437239
TI  - Measurements of gastric mucosal blood flow by hydrogen gas clearance.
AB  - The validity of the use of H2 gas clearance to measure gastric mucosal blood flow
      (GMBF) was investigated in the intact stomach of anesthetized dogs. With a
      modified, more sensitive platinum electrode, we were able to reduce the H2 gas
      concentration to a nonflammable gas mixture. GMBF was repeatedly measured when
      the dogs inhaled gas containing 100, 10, and 3-5% H2. GMBF measured using 100% H2
      demonstrated close correlation with inhaled gases containing 10% H2 (r = 0.84,
      slope = 0.89) and 3-5% H2 (r = 0.91, slope = 0.88). At a nonflammable
      concentration of 3% H2, it was safe to add 20% O2 into the gas mixture. The
      addition of O2 into the inhaled gas eliminated the transient hypoxia noted
      otherwise. It was also possible to reduce the gas flow rate from 5-10 to 1-3
      l/min. Regression analysis of GMBF determined by inhalation of 5% H2 at these
      flow rates revealed a significant linear correlation (r = 0.95, slope = 1.13). In
      10 dogs GMBF determined by using these low concentrations of H2 at the low flow
      rates also showed a good agreement (r = 0.93, slope = 0.65) with that measured by
      radioactive microspheres. These two methods also demonstrated comparable changes
      in GMBF induced by intravenous infusion of histamine and vasopressin. It was
      concluded that, with the technique as modified in our laboratory, H2 gas
      clearance could be a safe and accurate tool for quantitating gastric mucosal
      blood flow.

PMID- 6437240
TI  - Renal handling of phosphate during acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis in
      the rat.
AB  - Clearance experiments were performed in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats to
      evaluate the renal handling of phosphate during respiratory acidosis (R ACID) and
      alkalosis (R ALK) in rats fed either a normal (0.7%) or low (0.07%) phosphate
      diet for 4 days. Different acid-base states were achieved by varying the mixture
      of carbon dioxide in the inspired air. Each group received graded infusions of
      phosphate to control for differences in plasma phosphate (PPi) and to determine
      the maximum transport capacity of phosphate reabsorption (TmPi/GFR). In rats fed
      a normal phosphate diet, PPi and the fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPi)
      were significantly greater in R ACID than in R ALK. However, there were no
      differences between R ACID and R ALK when FEPi was evaluated as a function of the
      PPi, and values for TmPi/GFR during R ACID were not different from those during R
      ALK. In rats fed low phosphate diet, PPi during R ACID was significantly greater
      than during R ALK, yet FEPi was less than 1% in all groups due to an adaptive
      increase in TmPi/GFR. Further, the TmPi/GFR was similar irrespective of the acid
      base state. We conclude that acute respiratory acid-base changes do not alter the
      intrinsic capacity of the kidney to reabsorb phosphate.

PMID- 6437241
TI  - Adenosine and hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation.
AB  - We have previously shown that after exposure to an inspired O2 tension less than
      25 Torr, isolated lungs perfused with autologous blood exhibit vasoconstriction
      followed by dilation. Because adenosine has been implicated as a mediator of
      hypoxic vasodilation in the systemic circulation and because the concentration of
      adenosine in the lung has been shown to increase with hypoxia, we tested the
      hypothesis that adenosine is the mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation. We
      first confirmed that adenosine was a vasodilator in isolated lungs of adult male
      ferrets. Next we added the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADase), which inactivates
      adenosine by converting it to inosine, to the perfusate before exposure to one of
      two levels of hypoxia [inspiratory PO2 (PIO2) 18 or 0 Torr]. In comparison with
      untreated lungs, the time course of pulmonary arterial pressure at constant flow
      in lungs treated with ADase (24 mg protein or 6,000 U) was not different;
      however, when the vessels were constricted at PIO2 25 Torr, ADase prevented
      vasodilator responses to adenosine administered into either the perfusate or the
      airways, indicating penetration of active ADase into the interstitium. Unless
      adenosine released endogenously into the interstitium during hypoxia was somehow
      protected from the ADase which reached the interstitium, these results indicate
      that hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation was not mediated by adenosine.

PMID- 6437242
TI  - Reduced effectiveness of the carotid baroreflex during arterial hypoxia in dogs.
AB  - The ability of the carotid baroreflex to produce cardiac slowing during arterial
      hypoxia was investigated in dogs anesthetized with morphine-chloralose. The heart
      rate response to baroreflex stimulation decreased by about 20% at an arterial O2
      tension (PaO2) of 65-70 Torr and by over 60% at a PaO2 of 15-20 Torr. After the
      aortic nerves were cut bilaterally, baroreflex stimulation produced greater
      cardiac slowing (P less than 0.001) during arterial hypoxia (PaO2 20 Torr) than
      at the same PaO2 with intact aortic nerves. The systemic depressor response to
      baroreflex stimulation was reduced in a qualitatively similar manner but with
      greater variability. After atropine (0.2 mg/kg iv) or vagal transection the heart
      rate response to baroreflex stimulation during hypoxia was not suppressed from
      its control. Perfusion of the head with hypoxic blood in carotid-denervated
      animals also reduced the baroreflex bradycardia. The results suggest that the
      vagal component of the baroreflex bradycardia is suppressed during arterial
      hypoxia both by a reflex mediated by the aortic chemoreceptors and by a direct
      effect of hypoxia on the central nervous system.

PMID- 6437243
TI  - Effects of 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) on cerebral arterioles
      of cats.
AB  - The effects of topical application of 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15
      HPETE, 200 micrograms/ml) on cerebral arterioles were studied in anesthetized
      cats equipped with cranial windows. 15-HPETE induced arteriolar dilation during
      application, sustained dilation 1 h after washout, and reduced responsiveness to
      the vasoconstrictive effects of hypocapnia. Electron microscopy of cerebral
      arterioles disclosed discrete endothelial lesions and focal morphological
      abnormalities of the vascular smooth muscle. Topical application of superoxide
      dismutase or catalase or the combination of the two inhibited the functional and
      morphological abnormalities induced by 15-HPETE. The results show that the
      vascular effects of 15-HPETE are mediated by superoxide anion radical and
      hydrogen peroxide or by other radicals derived from them, such as the hydroxyl
      radical. The results, together with earlier findings, support the view that the
      oxygen radicals responsible for these cerebral vascular effects are generated via
      the prostaglandin hydroperoxidase reaction.

PMID- 6437244
TI  - Effects of fetal-maternal exchange transfusion on fetal oxygenation and blood
      flow distribution.
AB  - The effect of reducing hemoglobin affinity for O2 on fetal oxygenation was
      assessed in seven fetal lambs in which fetal blood was almost completely replaced
      by maternal blood 2-3 days postoperatively. Measurements of fetal blood gases and
      organ blood flow (radionuclide-labeled microsphere technique) were obtained
      before and 1 h after the exchange transfusion. Umbilical venous blood PO2
      increased from 29 +/- 5 to 35 +/- 6 (SD) Torr (P less than 0.001) but hemoglobin
      O2 saturation decreased from 78.2 +/- 10.3 to 39.8 +/- 8.8% (P less than 0.001),
      resulting in a 46% decrease in umbilical venous blood O2 content. Since umbilical
      placental blood flow also decreased (P less than 0.002), O2 delivery to the fetus
      decreased by 64% (P less than 0.002). Although O2 extraction increased from 32.5
      +/- 6.8 to 50.9 +/- 9.0% (P less than 0.002), fetal O2 consumption fell from 7.28
      +/- 1.97 to 4.10 +/- 1.20 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (P less than 0.02), and metabolic
      acidemia developed. No significant change in fetal cardiac output was observed.
      Blood flow increased significantly to the myocardium and adrenals but fell in the
      placenta, carcass, and lungs and was maintained in other organs. This resulted in
      a significant decrease in the amount of O2 delivered to all fetal organs except
      to the myocardium in which it was maintained. In the sheep the higher affinity of
      fetal blood hemoglobin for O2 helps maintain normal oxygenation during fetal life
      by facilitating O2 uptake at the placenta and unloading O2 in the tissues.

PMID- 6437245
TI  - Polyamines and the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the development of monocrotaline
      induced pulmonary vascular disease in rats is preceded by a prolonged activation
      of lung ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We now report that significant increases
      in rat lung adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity and levels of the diamine
      putrescine and the polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are produced by a single
      dose of monocrotaline (MCT). Lung putrescine levels were increased from days 7
      through 21, and both spermidine and spermine were first elevated at day 10
      following MCT administration. This sustained elevation of lung polyamine levels
      substantially preceded the development of right ventricular hypertrophy and
      pulmonary hypertension, which were first evident at days 14 and 16, respectively.
      Continuous treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a highly specific enzyme
      activated, irreversible inhibitor of ODC activity, prevented the development of
      MCT-induced pulmonary toxicity. It thus appears that ODC and the polyamines may
      be important mediators of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease that develops
      in response to monocrotaline administration.

PMID- 6437246
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in systemic acidosis.
AB  - Cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglu) is decreased during acute and prolonged
      hypercapnic acidosis and during prolonged metabolic (HCl) acidosis; it is
      increased in acute (hypocapnic) metabolic acidosis and is not changed in acute
      isocapnic metabolic acidosis. The alteration in CMRglu can be explained by the
      changes occurring in intracerebral pH under these experimental conditions. In
      pontine gray matter, n. tractus solitarii, and n. ambiguus, three structures
      participating in the neuronal regulation of ventilation, local CMRglu is
      increased in all acidotic groups, suggesting coupling of function and metabolism
      at the local level during acidosis-induced hyperventilation.

PMID- 6437247
TI  - Arterial pressure responses to increasing interstitial potassium in hindlimb
      muscle of dogs.
AB  - Static contraction of hindlimb skeletal muscle is known to increase reflexly
      arterial pressure and heart rate. Potassium is known to be released by the
      working muscle and is thought to activate the afferents responsible for the
      reflex cardiovascular responses to muscular contraction. However, it is not known
      whether potassium, at interstitial concentrations within the range observed
      during static contraction, is capable of stimulating these afferents. Thus we
      injected potassium into the gracilis artery of chloralose-anesthetized dogs while
      we measured interstitial potassium concentrations in the gracilis muscle with
      potassium-selective electrodes. In 16 dogs, we found that potassium injections,
      which increased interstitial potassium concentrations by 4.7 +/- 0.3 mM,
      increased mean arterial pressure by 18 +/- 3 mmHg and heart rate by 12 +/- 8
      beats/min; cutting the obturator nerve abolished these increases. These heart
      rate and blood pressure responses were of short duration (20 +/- 7 s), even
      though interstitial potassium remained elevated for a period of several minutes.
      In 5 of the 16 dogs, static contraction of the gracilis muscle for 60 s increased
      interstitial potassium concentration by 4.3 +/- 0.3 mM. Our data are consistent
      with the hypothesis that potassium plays a role in causing the reflex
      cardiovascular responses to static muscular contraction.

PMID- 6437248
TI  - Fasting and diabetes alter adipose tissue glycogen synthase.
AB  - In a previous report (J. Biol. Chem. 254: 4678-4683, 1979), we showed that
      fasting blunted the ability of insulin to promote glucose incorporation into
      glycogen in vitro. In addition, we showed that glycogen synthase activity was
      altered in two ways: the concentration of glucose 6-P causing half-maximal
      activation increased, and positive cooperativity appeared in the glucose 6-P
      activation of the enzyme. We now show that streptozotocin-diabetes causes the
      same changes in glucose incorporation and glycogen synthase activity. We show
      that these changes in glycogen synthase activity persist during enzyme
      purification; thus it is likely the changes are a result of a structural
      alteration of the enzyme. Because glycogenolysis of a glycogen particle from
      rabbit skeletal muscle also caused the appearance of positive cooperativity, we
      propose that both phosphorylation and glycogenolysis are involved in the
      appearance of positive cooperativity.

PMID- 6437249
TI  - Insulin resistance of denervated rat muscle: a model for impaired receptor
      function coupling.
AB  - The effect of short-term denervation on the response to insulin was studied in
      isolated rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles 6 and 24 h after
      severing one sciatic nerve. Impaired insulin sensitivity and response occurred
      within 6 h postdenervation in solei. After 24 h, EDL of fed and fasted rats and
      solei of fed rats showed no stimulation of glycogen synthesis even with
      supraphysiological doses, whereas solei of fasted rats showed markedly decreased
      sensitivity and response to insulin. Insulin resistance of glycogen synthesis
      represented impaired stimulation of glucose transport and impaired glucose
      independent activation of glycogen synthase by insulin. Changes in initial
      glycogen content of muscles did not correlate with insulin resistance. Insulin
      binding after denervation showed only minimum impairment and did not account for
      the marked insulin resistance. The response of denervated solei to epinephrine
      was unimpaired. Insulin resistance, which develops early after denervation in red
      and white muscles, represents primarily a defect in receptor-function coupling,
      suggesting that in muscle, nervous stimuli and/or contractile activity modulate
      signal transmission by the occupied insulin receptor.

PMID- 6437250
TI  - Permeation patterns of polar nonelectrolytes across the guinea pig biliary tree.
AB  - The biliary permeation of polar nonelectrolytes was studied in anesthetized, bile
      duct-cannulated guinea pigs with functional cholecystectomy and nephrectomy.
      During spontaneous secretion, the steady-state bile-to-plasma ratio (B/P) of
      [14C]urea, [14C]erythritol, [14C]mannitol, [3H]sucrose, and [3H]inulin was 1.02,
      0.90, 0.38, 0.12, and 0.04, respectively. Differently structured hydroxy bile
      acids, but not taurodehydrocholate, reversibly diminished [14C]erythritol and
      [14C]mannitol B/P during choleresis, and with some of them, particularly
      taurocholate and glycochenodeoxycholate, the biliary clearance of either solute
      declined below precholeretic levels. For any given hydroxy bile acid, the degree
      of B/P diminution was directly related to the molecular radii of these two inert
      carbohydrates. All bile acids failed to decrease [14C]urea, [3H]sucrose, and
      [3H]inulin B/P. On the contrary, most of them irreversibly increased [3H]sucrose
      and [3H]inulin permeability. These results suggest that in the guinea pig 1)
      hydroxy bile acids diminish the size or rearrange the architecture of the
      canalicular membrane "aqueous pores" through which [14C]erythritol and
      [14C]mannitol enter the canaliculus, and 2) solutes of the size of or smaller
      than [14C]mannitol enter bile primarily through a transcellular route, whereas
      [3H]sucrose, and [3H]inulin permeate mainly via a transjunctional shunt pathway.
      These studies indicate that [14C]erythritol and [14C]mannitol cannot be used to
      estimate canalicular bile flow in this species.

PMID- 6437251
TI  - Polyamines and intestinal growth: absolute requirement for ODC activity in
      adaptation during lactation.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), through the regulation of polyamine biosynthesis,
      is important in cell proliferation and differentiation. We followed intestinal
      mucosal ODC activity in lactating Lewis rats and correlated the ODC levels with
      the characteristic small intestinal adaptive changes accompanying lactation.
      During the first 14 days of lactation, mucosal ODC activity increased, with the
      maximal increase on day 5 corresponding to the time of maximal morphological
      intestinal adaptation. In animals given the specific inhibitor of ODC, alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), intestinal mucosal ODC activity was inhibited,
      and intestinal adaptation was suppressed, with marked diminution of the adaptive
      increase in mucosal weight and thickness especially in crypt depth. Our results
      suggest that ODC activity plays an essential role in mucosal hyperplasia during
      the intestinal adaptation accompanying lactation, possibly through the
      stimulation of crypt cell proliferation.

PMID- 6437252
TI  - Comparison of lactate and glucose metabolism in the developing porcine placenta.
AB  - The present experiment was conducted to determine whether lactate is an important
      metabolic substrate for the developing porcine placenta. Pregnant gilts were
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (5 mg/kg) at 65, 85, or 110 days of
      gestation and underwent an abdominohysterectomy. Fetal and maternal placental
      tissues were obtained and isolated for enzyme analysis and tissue incubations.
      Tissues were incubated for 2 h in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 10
      mM glucose, 1.0 mM Na-palmitate, 2.0 mM L-lactate, and 2% albumin. The
      incorporation of glucose or lactate into CO2, total lipids, and fatty acids was
      examined by radioactive tracers. Lactate was shown to be at least as important a
      substrate as glucose for utilization through these metabolic pathways in both the
      fetal and maternal placentas during gestation. This ability to metabolize lactate
      may serve as a conservation mechanism to spare other nutrients for transfer to
      the fetus. Additionally, analysis of enzyme and incubation data indicated that
      the fetal and maternal placenta follow different developmental patterns, implying
      the origins for (or mechanisms of) regulation of these two tissues may differ.

PMID- 6437253
TI  - Factors influencing pulmonary and cutaneous arterial blood flow in the toad, Bufo
      marinus.
AB  - In the conscious, undisturbed toad, Bufo marinus, pulmonary arterial blood flow
      increased during periods of lung ventilation and decreased in intervening periods
      of pulmonary apnea. In unidirectionally ventilated, anesthetized toads, lung
      inflation produced by increasing the outflow resistance to pulmonary gas flow to
      3 cmH2O caused a significant increase in pulmonary arterial blood flow and a
      significant decrease in cutaneous arterial blood flow. Changes in flow were
      associated with reciprocal changes in calculated vascular resistance. Mean
      pulmocutaneous pressure and cardiac frequency did not change significantly. Thus
      lung inflation (in the absence of changes in the composition of intrapulmonary
      gases) increased the proportion of total pulmocutaneous flow routed to the lungs
      and decreased the proportion directed to the skin. Unidirectional ventilation
      with air + 5% CO2 at constant lung volume produced a significant decrease in
      pulmonary arterial blood flow, an increase in calculated pulmonary arterial flow
      resistance, and a small increase in the flow to the cutaneous artery. Concomitant
      mild hypoxia potentiated the effects of pulmonary hypercapnia, although hypoxia
      alone was less effective than hypercapnia alone in decreasing pulmonary flow.
      Pulmonary arterial blood flow was decreased by infusion of acetylcholine into the
      pulmocutaneous artery, but epinephrine had no effect on either the pulmonary or
      cutaneous artery at doses below those that produced systemic effects. Atropine
      blocked all changes in pulmonary arterial blood flow. This and other evidence
      suggest that calculated arterial resistance changes are due to reflex changes in
      the tone of vascular smooth muscle. Intrapulmonary CO2-sensitive mechanoreceptors
      possess appropriate response characteristics to mediate the afferent limb of the
      reflex.

PMID- 6437254
TI  - Less is more? Today's economics and its challenge to psychiatry.
AB  - Escalating costs of medical and psychiatric care have prompted a reevaluation of
      the health care delivery system and practice styles. There are several
      "procompetition" or market-based solutions that seek to make the consumer of care
      more price conscious and the provider of care more cost conscious. Diagnosis
      related groups (DRGs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), the growth of for
      profit hospital systems, and the expansion of health maintenance organizations
      (HMOs) are reshaping the organization and financing of psychiatric care.
      Psychiatry's adaptation to the new medical economics must emphasize the quality
      of patient care.

PMID- 6437255
TI  - Withdrawal responses to abrupt discontinuation of desmethyldiazepam.
AB  - The authors present the results of a controlled observation of withdrawal
      reactions accompanying cessation of desmethyldiazepam (clorazepate) therapy. The
      two subjects studied had had generalized anxiety disorder for several years; both
      were free from manifestations of other forms of psychopathology or addictive
      behavior patterns. Both patients maintained stable patterns of clorazepate use at
      modest doses for extended periods of time. The findings suggest that the long
      plasma half-life of clorazepate does not offer unique protection from withdrawal
      reactions associated with long-term therapy. Manifestations of these withdrawal
      reactions are indistinguishable from reactions associated with other
      benzodiazepine compounds.

PMID- 6437256
TI  - What has happened to the milieu?

PMID- 6437257
TI  - Self-help smoking cessation and maintenance programs: a comparative study with 12
      month follow-up by the American Lung Association.
AB  - One thousand two hundred thirty seven smokers responding to lung association
      announcements in five geographic areas were randomly assigned to one of four
      groups and mailed American Lung Association materials: 1) leaflets (L); 2)
      leaflets plus maintenance manual (L + M); 3) cessation manual (C); and 4)
      cessation and maintenance manuals (C + M). Five telephone interviews over one
      year achieved a 95 per cent follow-up completion rate. Nonrespondents as well as
      exclusive cigar and pipe users were classified as smokers. Twenty per cent quit
      initially, with 5 per cent continually abstinent in (C + M) at 12 months vs 2 per
      cent in (L) (p less than .05). Nonsmoking prevalence rates (no tobacco smoking in
      the past month), on the other hand, gradually increased after six months; at 12
      months those with the maintenance component, (L + M) and (C + M), had higher
      rates (18 per cent) than (L) (12 per cent) or (C) (15 per cent). Leaflets and
      manual alone were least cost effective. Rising nonsmoking prevalence rates
      observed in all groups suggest that successful attempts to quit increased over
      time and that a contributing factor might have been the follow-up method.
      Although achieving lower quit rates than methods requiring attendance at a
      course, the self-help intervention has the advantages of greater availability,
      flexibility, and in some instances lower cost.

PMID- 6437258
TI  - Women and divorce: health insurance coverage, utilization, and health care
      expenditures.
AB  - Estimates from the 1977 National Medical Care Expenditure Survey suggest that
      divorced women are twice as likely as married women to be uninsured, and also
      more likely to depend on Medicaid assistance. Divorced women use slightly more
      health services than married women, but also appear to have somewhat poorer
      health status.

PMID- 6437259
TI  - Weight loss competitions at the work site: impact on weight, morale and cost
      effectiveness.
AB  - Three weight loss competitions were held in business/industrial settings. One
      competition was between three banks; the other two were within industries, either
      between employee teams selected at random or between divisions of the industry.
      Attrition in the competitions was less than 1 per cent and weight loss averaged
      5.5 kg. Both employees and management reported positive changes in morale and
      employee/management relations, and both considered the competition important to
      the success of the program. The cost-effectiveness ratio ($ 2.93 per 1 per cent
      reduction in percentage overweight) is the best yet reported.

PMID- 6437260
TI  - Transferrin level derived from total iron-binding capacity: is it a reliable
      relationship?
AB  - Serum transferrin is an important protein used to assess visceral protein status
      in patients requiring nutritional support. Since serum transferrin assays are not
      readily available in all institutions and there is a correlation between the
      serum transferrin level and TIBC, Blackburn's formula to compute the serum
      transferrin level is widely used. To evaluate the relationship between TIBC and
      serum transferrin, as described by Blackburn et al, we observed the TIBC and
      serum transferrin levels of 91 patients at our institution. Rajamaki et al [14]
      and Miller et al [13] have suggested that when Blackburn's formula was used,
      there was a significant difference in actual and derived serum transferrin
      values. Our formula, derived from such a comparison, approximates Blackburn's
      more closely than those of Rajamaki et al [14] and Miller et al [13]; however,
      they are still statistically significantly different. We agree with Miller et al,
      that each institution using serum transferrin as a nutritional index should
      either derive its own formula by regression analysis or should determine the
      actual serum transferrin level with radial immunodiffusion kits.

PMID- 6437261
TI  - CO2 laser stapedotomy: is it practical?
AB  - The argon laser has been described as an instrument capable of performing
      stapedotomy for otosclerosis. Because of the possibility of cost ineffectiveness
      and damage to the saccule using the argon laser, this study was undertaken to
      ascertain the possibility of using the CO2 laser for stapedotomy. the operation
      was done on seven cats, and the resulting histopathologic findings were studied.
      Stapedotomy was also performed with the CO2 laser on human cadaver temporal bones
      to measure temperature changes in the vestibule and to develop guidelines for the
      laser's use in humans. The authors' results indicated that the CO2 laser can be
      used effectively and safely in cats and should be considered for human use.

PMID- 6437262
TI  - Neurinomas of the trigeminal nerve.
AB  - Trigeminal neurinomas account for about 0.2 per cent of all intracranial tumors
      and for about 2 to 3 per cent of all intracranial neurinomas. Trigeminal
      neurinomas occur most frequently in persons in the middle decades of life, with
      the highest incidence between the ages of 38 and 40 years. They show no sex
      predilection. Although very rare, trigeminal neurinomas are of considerable
      interest to the neurotologist because of their relation to the temporal bone,
      skull base, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses, nasopharynx, infratemporal fossa,
      and, in rare instances, the oral cavity. In addition to producing disturbances of
      fifth nerve sensory and motor function, these tumors are often associated with
      other symptoms, such as occlusion of the eustachian tube (sensation of fullness
      and conductive hearing loss), otalgia, exophthalmos, paralysis of the third,
      fourth, and sixth cranial nerves, and signs of posterior fossa involvement
      (sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, cerebellar ataxia, and involvement of
      cranial nerves VII and IX through XI), any of which may be the initial clinical
      manifestation of the neurinoma. Symptoms depend on the site of origin and course
      of development. Bilateral trigeminal neurinomas are a manifestation of the
      central form of neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6437263
TI  - A new beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist--D 2343--with long duration. Inhalation
      comparison with terbutaline in asthmatics.
AB  - A new beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist D2343 has been shown in a human i.v. study to
      be less potent than terbutaline. Animal experiments showed an increased affinity
      to lung tissue and a longer bronchodilating effect than terbutaline when inhaled.
      In a randomized single-blind, crossover comparison, 2.5 and 5 mg D2343 and 5 mg
      terbutaline were inhaled by eight asthma patients. We found that 5 mg of D2343
      was equipotent to 5 mg terbutaline in bronchodilatory effect measured with FEV1.
      The duration was longer with an increased bronchodilation (P less than 0.01) 6 h
      after D2343 inhalation compared with terbutaline. The mean fall in FEV1 3-6 h
      after inhalation was significantly greater with terbutaline than with D2343 (P
      less than 0.05). Thus, this study shows that inhaled D2343 has a longer
      bronchodilating effect than terbutaline.

PMID- 6437264
TI  - Oral sodium cromoglycate treatment of atopic dermatitis related to food allergy.
AB  - Thirty-two children and two adults with chronic atopic dermatitis related to food
      allergy entered this double-blind crossover study comparing oral sodium
      cromoglycate (200-1600 mg/24 h) with placebo. Each treatment period comprised 6
      weeks: 4 weeks on elimination diet, and 2 weeks on a normal, i.e. unrestricted
      diet. The diagnosis of food allergy was made after clinical improvement with
      elimination diet and relapse after challenge. Overall analysis of skin symptoms
      evaluated by means of clinical assessments and diary cards, opinions of
      treatment, and use of concomitant medication gave no evidence of any difference
      between sodium cromoglycate and placebo. Unusual symptoms were reported by 18
      patients. In one case the patient was withdrawn during the sodium cromoglycate
      period because of side effects. The majority of symptoms with both treatments
      were stomach problems. Overall analysis of the laboratory data gave no
      significant differences between treatments.

PMID- 6437265
TI  - [Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of single lung ventilation].
AB  - There are absolute and strong relative indications for provision of one-lung
      ventilation. The knowledge of the special physiology of one-lung ventilation as
      well as of the factors influencing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is
      necessary for adequate management of one-lung anaesthesia. Arterial hypoxaemia is
      a common complication of one-lung ventilation. Established techniques of
      treatment of hypoxaemia during one-lung ventilation are presented and several
      additional recent techniques are discussed.

PMID- 6437266
TI  - [Effect of respiratory and non-respiratory (metabolic) changes of extracellular
      pH value on intracellular pH value of various rat tissues in vivo. Relations
      between extra- and intracellular acid-base balance in clinically normal and
      extreme ranges. I].
AB  - Arterial plasma pH (pHe) of unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats was altered either
      by inhalation of different CO2 concentrations or infusion of sodium bicarbonate
      and then kept constant for two hours at the altered level. The intracellular pH
      (pHi) was then determined by application of the DMO-method in heart, brain,
      liver, spleen and ten different skeletal muscle groups. pHi varied linearly with
      the pHe in heart, brain, liver and spleen. pHi in skeletal muscle remained
      constant over a pHe range from 7.1-7.45 but varied linearly with pHe outside this
      range. The following facts were observed: pHi is influenced by CO2 or sodium
      bicarbonate; pHi varies in different tissues at specified pHe; skeletal muscle is
      well protected against slight acidosis because pHi remains constant; during
      metabolic and respiratory changes of pH quantitatively and qualitatively
      different bicarbonate exchanges occur in the plateau range of skeletal muscle;
      slight changes of pHe affect pHi in the heart, brain, liver, and spleen, and
      hence even small disturbances should be treated appropriately; therefore amount
      of buffer substances required for the correction of the overall acid-base status
      of the organism cannot be predetermined accurately from blood pH measurements.
      Frequent determinations of blood acid-base status are necessary to avoid
      misestimations of the therapeutical dosage of buffer substances. it is not
      necessary that a therapeutically applied buffer substance penetrates into the
      intracellular space. Generation or consumption of bicarbonate in the
      extracellular space is followed by bicarbonate exchange between both body
      compartments which will restore normal acid-base equilibrium.

PMID- 6437267
TI  - End-tidal CO2 monitoring. Its use in the diagnosis and management of malignant
      hyperthermia.
AB  - Two cases of malignant hyperthermia are described where the earliest sign was a
      rise in the end-tidal CO2 concentration. This led to nearly immediate detection
      and adequate treatment with sodium dantrolene. These cases demonstrate the
      efficacy of monitoring end-expired CO2 concentrations in patients at risk from
      malignant hyperthermia, as well as a means for following the adequacy of
      treatment.

PMID- 6437268
TI  - [Postoperative pulmonary function following abdominal surgery. Comparison of
      continuous, segmental thoracic peridural anesthesia and intramuscular piritramide
      injections].
AB  - Respiratory function was studied in 35 patients after upper abdominal surgery,
      who had been randomized into two groups. 15 patients (median age: 59 years) were
      operated on using neuroleptanalgesia and received intramuscular piritramide as
      postoperative analgesic. A continuous thoracic epidural was placed prior to
      surgery in 20 patients (median age 52 years). A light general anaesthesia was
      additionally given when these patients were operated on. Postoperatively,
      epidural analgesia was continued by infusion of 0.25-0.3 ml/kg X h 0.125%
      bupivacaine via epidural catheter over a period of 4 days. If pain prevention
      during coughing and getting up was not complete, top-ups of 6-10 ml 0.25%
      bupivacaine were given additionally. Respiratory function (FVC, peak expiratory
      flow, VT, VD/VT, RR, MV, VA, AaDO2(0.21), PaO2 and PaCO2) was investigated before
      surgery, and on the 1st, 3rd and 5th postoperative day, the patients breathing
      room air. Results (the median of each groups is plotted, the values of the
      epidural group being in brackets. 0: preop., 1: first, 3: third, 5: fifth postop.
      day): FVC 0: 3.05 (3.16) 1: 1.42 (1.40) 3: 1.64 (1.42) 5: 1.39 (2.27) 1. Peak
      expiratory flow 0: 310 (287) 1: 118 (113) 3: 130 (127) 5: 153 (194) 1/min.
      Respiratory rate 0: 16 (14.5) 1: 20 (18.5) 3: 16 (18.5) 5: 17 (17) min
      1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437269
TI  - Visible labeling of proteins for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with dabsyl
      chloride.
AB  - Several proteins, which are used as molecular weight markers in polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, were reacted with dabsyl chloride. This labeled them deep
      orange and the chromophore attachment was stable throughout the electrophoretic
      procedure and fixation. Small amounts (10-50 micrograms) of the labeled proteins
      could be loaded onto gels and seen with the unaided eye so that the separation
      during electrophoresis could be followed. Dabsylation did not affect the mobility
      of the proteins. The location of the orange band gave a good indication of the
      position of the protein in the gel so that molecular weight estimations could be
      made during and immediately following electrophoresis.

PMID- 6437270
TI  - Combination of affinity chromatography and analytical polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis for rapid measurement of human serum high-density lipoprotein
      apoproteins.
AB  - A 2-day procedure to evaluate high-density lipoprotein apoproteins of human serum
      is described. It may be applied to 10 or more sera simultaneously for the
      assessment of routine problems, with good accuracy and no great length of time.

PMID- 6437271
TI  - Human lysosomal beta-glucosidase: purification by affinity chromatography.
AB  - Two Sepharose-bound substrate analogs, 6'-aminohexanoyl-(2-N-sphingosyl-O-beta-D
      glucoside) and 6'-aminohexyl-dodecanedioyl-1-(2-N-sphingosyl-1-O-beta-D-glu
      coside), were synthesized and used sequentially for the affinity purification of
      lysosomal beta-glucosidase (N-acyl-sphingosyl-1-O-beta-D
      glucoside:glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.45). The capacities of these nondegradable
      affinity supports were 0.1 and 0.15 mg enzyme/ml settled gel, respectively. The
      purified enzyme had a specific activity of 75 mumol min-1 mg-1. The preparation
      had a single protein band with a molecular weight of 67,000 on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, evidencing its apparent homogeneity.
      Isoelectric focusing on granular gels revealed four molecular forms of the enzyme
      with pI values of 4.0, 4.5, 4.7, and 5.8 to 6.2. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed
      glucosyl ceramide and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside with Km and Vmax
      values of 0.6 and 2.5 mM, and 101 and 26.1 mumol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The
      enzyme also hydrolyzed octyl beta-glucoside, a linear mixed-type inhibitor of the
      enzyme. Binding constants (Ki) were determined for the inhibitors, sphingosyl-1-O
      beta-D-glucoside (Ki = 20 microM) and its N-hexyl derivative (Ki = 0.3 microM).
      The enzyme had a half-life of 65 and 30 min at 50 degrees C and pH 5.0 or 6.0,
      respectively. In addition, two other classes of ligands were used for the
      purification of lysosomal beta-glucosidase, and their capacities and
      specificities were compared to those of the substrate analog affinity supports.
      These included (i) the alkyl amine inhibitors octylamine, decylamine, and
      tetradecylamine; and (ii) the inhibitors, 6-aminohexanoyl-beta-glucosylamine and
      aminododecanoyl-1-(2-N-sphingosyl-1-O-beta-D-glucoside). Compared to these other
      ligand columns, the substrate analog affinity supports had about 100- to 1000
      fold greater capacities or afforded 8- to 40-fold greater purification of human
      lysosomal beta-glucosidase.

PMID- 6437272
TI  - Analysis of polysulfated chondroitin disaccharides by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyzing disaccharides
      derived from chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans has been developed which
      employs a Whatman Partisil-10 PAC amino-cyano column and an
      acetonitrile/methanol/ammonium acetate solvent to resolve disulfated,
      monosulfated, and unsulfated disaccharides in a chromatographic run of less than
      20 min. The single known trisulfated chrondroitin disaccharide can be eluted in
      an alternate solvent system containing the same mobile phase components in
      different proportions. Disaccharides were prepared for chromatography from
      glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans of known compositions by digestion with
      chondroitinase ABC, with the exception of king crab cartilage glycosaminoglycan
      which was incubated sequentially with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC.
      Disaccharides were extracted from the digestion mixtures in 80% ethanol, dried
      over nitrogen, resuspended in the HPLC solvent, and chromatographed at a flow
      rate of 1 ml/min. Unsaturated disaccharides in the column eluate were detected by
      continuous ultraviolet absorbance monitoring at 232 nm; alternatively, fractions
      were collected and assayed for uronic acid content or radioactivity. By utilizing
      the HPLC technique in conjunction with chondroitinase ABC and AC digestion and
      sulfatase hydrolysis, the epimeric structures of chondroitin sulfates E and H
      were confirmed. With this technique, rapid and reproducible analyses of
      chondroitin sulfate disaccharides generated from mouse mast cell proteoglycan and
      from glycosaminoglycans of squid cranial cartilage, shark skin, hagfish skin, and
      hagfish notocord were in close agreement with compositions obtained by other
      techniques.

PMID- 6437273
TI  - Enzymatic mass determination of high-specific-radioactivity 3H- and 14C-labeled
      polyunsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - The soybean lipoxygenase reaction has been applied to calculating the specific
      activities of 3H- and 14C-labeled polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega 3 and
      omega 6 families. The extent of the soybean lipoxygenase reaction with
      polyunsaturated fatty acids was determined by measuring the increase in
      absorbance at 234 nm. A salient feature of this application of of the soybean
      lipoxygenase assay involves the use of a solution which contains highly purified
      [1-14C]arachidonic acid of known specific radioactivity as a convenient and
      versatile standard. Because the amount of arachidonic acid in this standard can
      be easily measured by liquid scintillation counting, the problems of accurately
      weighing liquid fatty acid standards are avoided.

PMID- 6437274
TI  - Cysteine: a potential source of error in amino acid analysis of mercaptoethane
      sulfonic or hydrochloric acid hydrolysates of proteins and peptides.
AB  - Hydrolysis of proteins and peptides with mercaptoethane sulfonic acid is liable
      to produce overestimation of the proline content owing to the production of
      ninhydrin-positive material (probably cysteine) which coelutes with proline on
      many ion-exchange analytical systems. A similar error occurs with HCl hydrolysis
      (especially in the presence of mercaptoethanol or thioglycollic acid) if care is
      not taken to oxidize cysteine during reconstitution of the hydrolysate before
      amino acid analysis.

PMID- 6437275
TI  - The application of fluorescein isothiocyanate and high-performance liquid
      chromatography for the microsequencing of proteins and peptides.
AB  - Amino acid derivatives of fluorescein isothiocyanate have been separated by
      reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in 45 min, using a linear
      gradient formed from acetone and 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 60
      degrees C. The fluorescence of the derivatives has been used for detection giving
      a sensitivity of less than 0.5 pmol for a single component. Applications of this
      method to the sequence analyses of egg white lysozyme and salmon beta
      melanotropin are also described.

PMID- 6437276
TI  - Fluorescent analysis of alpha-keto acids in serum and urine by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A procedure for rapid separation and microquantitative determination of various
      alpha-keto acids in serum and urine was developed. The procedure used reverse
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the alpha-keto acids after
      derivatization into fluorescent quinoxalines by reaction with o-phenylenediamine.
      Deproteinization of serum with tungstic acid or methanol facilitated a constant
      recovery of alpha-keto acids. The useful range of analysis of seven alpha-keto
      acids by isocratic chromatography was from 10 to 250 pmol. The fluorescence
      emission was measured at 410 nm with excitation at 350 nm. The data obtained from
      samples of patients with chronic pyruvic acidemia and maple syrup urine disease,
      confirmed the usefulness of the method in clinical applications. A slightly
      modified procedure was needed for the analysis of oxaloacetic acid and
      phenylpyruvic acid.

PMID- 6437277
TI  - Optimizing hydrolysis of N-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides by endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H.
AB  - The ability of endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) from Streptomyces
      plicatus to hydrolyze high-mannose oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is
      influenced by numerous factors, including the tertiary structure of the substrate
      glycoproteins, the amount of Endo H used, the time of incubation, and the
      presence or absence of reagents that affect protein configuration. Endo H levels
      below 10 to 20 milliunits/ml may incompletely hydrolyze oligosaccharides,
      regardless of the incubation time, because even though the enzyme remains active,
      it becomes trapped or sequestered and is unavailable. Endo H activity can be
      potentiated by first denaturing substrate glycoproteins in a 1.2-fold weight
      excess of sodium dodecyl sulfate prior to hydrolysis. However, low levels of Endo
      H are sensitive to inactivation by sodium dodecyl sulfate, with considerable
      activity being lost over 4 h when the unbound detergent concentration exceeds
      protein by 0.02% (0.2 mg/ml). Other denaturants such as the Tritons, the
      zwittergents, the Brij series, or octylglucoside do not enhance or inhibit Endo H
      removal of oligosaccharides, but the chaotropic salt sodium thiocyanate at 0.5 M
      enhances Endo H action on some glycoproteins, particularly bovine thyroglobulin.
      Under denaturing conditions, proteolytic contaminants are a potential problem.
      Addition of 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride to Endo H incubations completely
      inhibits the residual Endo H-associated protease(s). Furthermore, Endo H is
      unaffected by a wide range of proteolytic inhibitors that may be used to protect
      substrate glycoproteins.

PMID- 6437278
TI  - Determination of part-per-trillion levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and
      dioxins in environmental samples.

PMID- 6437279
TI  - Prolactin and pituitary-gonadal function in cigarette smoking infertile patients.
AB  - Serum prolactin (PRL) was significantly lower in smokers, compared with non
      smokers in 233 males and 250 females referred to our infertility clinics. In
      subjects smoking 10 cigarettes or more per day, the mean serum PRL was 22% and
      20% lower in men and women, respectively. In cigarette smoking men serum
      testosterone was significantly higher and semen volume lower, while neither serum
      luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sperm density,
      motility of morphology differed between smokers and non-smokers. It is possible
      that the higher serum testosterone levels in smokers are due to their lower
      bodyweight, and that the lower semen volume may be due to an effect of nicotine
      on the contractility of the deferental ducts. Cigarette smoking may increase
      central dopaminergic tonus and reduce PRL levels, but it is unknown whether or
      not this is of biological significance in relation to reproductive function.

PMID- 6437280
TI  - Effects of naloxone on gonadotropin secretion in Klinefelter syndrome.
AB  - To study the opioid control on LH and FSH secretion in Klinefelter subjects (KS),
      the response of gonadotropin to an opioid antagonist, naloxone, was examined in 8
      KS (age range 25-35 yrs) and in 8 age matched normal men. In 6 KS with low
      testosterone plasma levels, naloxone infusion were also performed after treatment
      with testosterone enanthate, 200 mg i.m. every 3 weeks for 4 months. FSH did not
      show any important variation in KS and in normal men during naloxone infusion. In
      KS the percentage of naloxone induced LH increase was significantly lower than in
      controls and there was no correlation between testosterone plasma levels and LH
      increase after naloxone infusion. LH increases after naloxone infusion were not
      significantly different before and after testosterone treatment. The increases of
      naloxone induced LH plasma levels, before and after testosterone treatment,
      correlated well between themselves (r = 0.93-p less than 0.01). Plasma levels
      decreased in all patients after testosterone treatment, but only in two was there
      a return to normal range. There is a clearly positive linear correlation between
      the percentage of LH decrease after testosterone treatment and LH increase after
      naloxone infusion (r = 0.81; p less than 0.01). After testosterone therapy FSH
      plasma levels fall by 63 +/- 15% in all patients and did not show any important
      variation after naloxone infusion. In conclusion, our data are in agreement with
      the hypothesis that in Klinefelter's syndrome an alteration of opioid control on
      gonadotropin secretion may exist. This alteration does not appear to be due to
      androgen deficiency, but rather it may be caused by genetic
      abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437281
TI  - Aminopeptidase in human seminal plasma.
AB  - Aminopeptidase of seminal plasma was studied in normozoospermic, oligozoospermic,
      obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermic men. Significantly higher activity
      was observed in non-obstructive azoospermic patients than that of other three
      groups. L-Alanine beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride was found to have highest
      hydrolysis rate in comparison to various other aminoacyl beta-naphthylamide
      hydrochlorides which were used for determining substrate specificity. 50%
      inhibitions of the enzyme activity by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline were obtained
      at 5.77 X 10(-3) M and 3.13 X 10(-6) M concentrations respectively. A single band
      for aminopeptidase in the activity - gel electrophoresis was obtained for all the
      categories of seminal plasma and the enzyme exhibited the characteristics of
      metalloprotein.

PMID- 6437282
TI  - Short- and long-term hormonal effects of a single dose of 50 mg tamoxifen
      administered to normal males.
AB  - To five potentially fertile males, a single dose of 50 mg tamoxifen was
      administered orally to explore the short- and long-term hormonal effects on the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Blood specimens were obtained through an
      integrated sampling technique for the first two hours after the intake of the
      drug. Then, samples were taken daily throughout one week, and twice weekly for
      the next two weeks. Hormone measurements of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and oestradiol were obtained by specific
      RIA. All the subjects showed different response patterns. No general
      characteristic of the hormonal changes in the investigated group could be given.
      A consistent correlation between the within-individual levels of gonadotrophin
      and sex steroid changes could not be observed. It is concluded, within the limits
      of the used experimental design, that in healthy males a single administration of
      tamoxifen does not result in consistent changes in serum levels of either
      gonadotrophins or sex steroid hormones.

PMID- 6437283
TI  - Interaction of inhibin and estrogens on basal and LRH-stimulated gonadotropin
      levels.
AB  - In order to study the action of estrogens and inhibin and their interaction with
      gonadotropin secretion in men, we measured basal and LRH-stimulated gonadotropin
      secretion before and after six weeks' administration of tamoxifen in two groups
      of men. A) Six men with impaired spermatogenesis with basal levels of FSH, LH,
      testosterone and estradiol within the range of reference values in our
      laboratory. B) Six men with severely impaired spermatogenesis. LH, testosterone
      and estradiol levels were within reference values, whereas FSH was at least 100%
      above the upper limit of reference values. Mean testosterone and estradiol levels
      were not different in either groups. Inhibin levels were presumed to be normal in
      group A and decreased in group B. Although within reference values, basal LH
      levels in group B were slightly but significantly higher than in group A. The
      response of LH to LRH in group B exceeded that of group A. This suggests that
      inhibin has a slightly inhibitory effect on basal LH and even more so on LRH
      induced LH secretion. After tamoxifen administration basal FSH levels rose far
      more in group B than in group A. The LRH-induced LH release increased in both
      groups, the LRH-stimulated FSH release, however, increased only in group A. We
      conclude that estrogens and inhibin have a strongly synergistic negative feedback
      action on basal FSH secretion, and to a limited extent on basal LH secretion. In
      the presumed presence of inhibin (group A) the FSH additionally synthesized
      through the action of anti-estrogens, can be released by LRH administration,
      whereas FSH is probably spontaneously released in the presumed deficiency of
      inhibin (group B). With LH this phenomenon is less obvious.

PMID- 6437284
TI  - Ram proacrosin. A simple method for isolation of proacrosin free of inhibitors,
      and proacrosin autoactivation studies.
AB  - Two partially purified proacrosin forms have been obtained from acid extracts of
      ram ejaculated spermatozoa by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography in 0.001 M
      HCl. The form obtained from the extracts of whole ejaculates with apparently
      higher molecular mass was free of any acrosin inhibitor and was used for
      autoactivation studies. The autoactivation followed a classical S-shaped
      activation curve and was a two-step process. The presence of calcium ions slowed
      down the autoactivation process and stabilized the active acrosin formed. The
      activity of latter rapidly decreased when the pH of the fully activated mixture
      was adjusted to pH 3. The activity was not restored by re-adjusting the pH to 8.
      A proacrosin with apparently lower molecular mass was isolated from the extract
      of washed spermatozoa. Both proacrosins, however, showed the same molecular mass
      Mr approximately 58 000 daltons, when examined by gel filtration in 0.1 M NaCl
      (pH 3).

PMID- 6437285
TI  - The effect of hypocapnia on coronary blood flow and myocardial function in the
      dog.
AB  - The effect of hypocapnia on global and regional myocardial function and coronary
      blood flow (CBF) was studied in dogs anesthetized with halothane before and after
      critical constriction of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.
      Coronary blood flow decreased 29% (P less than 0.05) when hypocapnia was induced
      in dogs with a normal LAD artery. Critical constriction reduced CBF by 42% (P
      less than 0.05). In the critically constricted LAD artery, hypocapnia did not
      reduce CBF. During hypocapnia and with a normal LAD artery, oxygen extraction by
      the myocardium increased 16% (P less than 0.01) and oxygen tension in the
      coronary sinus was reduced by 19% (P less than 0.001). After critical
      constriction of the LAD, hypocapnia was associated with an increase in oxygen
      extraction of 14% (P less than 0.01) and the coronary sinus oxygen tension was
      reduced by 21% (P less than 0.001). CBF of the left circumflex coronary artery
      (LC) increased 36% (P less than 0.05) after critical constriction to the LAD when
      compared with control values of the preconstriction phase. However, LC flow did
      not change during hypocapnia when critical stenosis had been applied to the LAD
      artery. Although oxygen supply (product of CBF and arterial oxygen content) to
      the myocardium was reduced during hypocapnia, regional myocardial function did
      not change from control values. Regional function was similarly maintained during
      hypocapnia and critical constriction of the LAD.

PMID- 6437286
TI  - Physostigmine: effectiveness as an antagonist of respiratory depression and
      psychomotor effects caused by morphine or diazepam.
AB  - Each of six healthy volunteers was studied on three different occasions to
      determine the interactions of placebo-physostigmine, diazepam-physostigmine, and
      morphine-physostigmine with respect to respiration and psychomotor function.
      Respiratory measurements were made using the steady state and isohypercapnic
      techniques. Psychomotor function was assessed by the Trieger Dot Test (TDT) and
      compared with the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Administration of
      physostigmine alone (3 mg, iv) did not affect ventilation. Diazepam (0.29 mg/kg,
      iv) did not cause a significant depression of ventilation in all subjects,
      although psychomotor function was impaired as measured by the CPT. The latter was
      unaffected by physostigmine. Administration of morphine (0.21 mg/kg, iv) caused a
      significant decrease in ventilation that was not antagonized by physostigmine.
      Morphine did not impair psychomotor function. The authors conclude that
      physostigmine is an ineffective antagonist of narcotic-induced respiratory
      depression and that the CPT correlates well with the TDT.

PMID- 6437288
TI  - The environment, carbon dioxide, and the milieu interieur.

PMID- 6437287
TI  - The effect of physostigmine on diazepam-induced ventilatory depression: a double
      blind study.
AB  - The authors conducted a double-blind crossover study to determine the effects of
      physostigmine salicylate on hyperoxic ventilatory response to carbon dioxide (VE
      RCO2) and on awareness in healthy subjects previously sedated with diazepam.
      Diazepam 0.4 mg/kg iv decreased the slope of VE RCO2 from 2.41 +/- 0.19 to 1.30
      +/- 0.15 1 . min-1 . mmHg-1 (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.001). Subsequent
      injection of physostigmine 2.0 mg iv was associated with a 0.20 +/- 0.28 1 . min
      1 . mmHg-1 decrease in slope; this was significantly different from the 0.56 +/-
      0.22 1 . min-1 . mmHg-1 increase in slope associated with saline placebo (P less
      than 0.05). Level of consciousness, on the other hand, increased more after
      physostigmine than after saline (P less than 0.01). The authors conclude that
      despite an apparent increase in awareness resulting from physostigmine
      administration, the accompanying decrease in ventilatory drive may contraindicate
      its use in patients who previously have received diazepam.

PMID- 6437289
TI  - [Effect of mannitol on the intracranial volume/pressure ratio in patients with
      severe forms of cerebral insult].

PMID- 6437290
TI  - [Changes in blood gas composition and acid-base equilibrium during high-frequency
      artificial pulmonary ventilation].

PMID- 6437291
TI  - [Examination and preoperative preparation of cardiosurgery patients with cardiac
      cachexia syndrome].

PMID- 6437292
TI  - [Intensive therapy of the hypoosmolar syndrome].

PMID- 6437293
TI  - Release of residual material during needle cutting.

PMID- 6437294
TI  - SLA haplotype differences in lines of pigs which differ in ovulation rate.

PMID- 6437295
TI  - Combination drug therapy in children with exercise-induced bronchospasm.
AB  - Fifty-three children with moderately severe asthma were studied to determine the
      capacity of drugs to block exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). All 53 children
      demonstrated EIB (as defined by a 20% fall in FEV1 or 30% fall in FEF25-75) while
      receiving therapeutic theophylline (serum level 10-20 micrograms/ml). EIB was
      completely blocked in 47 children by an inhaled metaproterenol 10 minutes prior
      to exercise, in addition to the theophylline. In six children, EIB was only
      partially blocked when either metaproterenol or cromolyn was added to the
      theophylline, but was completely blocked when all three drugs were used. A small
      group of children may benefit from combination therapy for EIB.

PMID- 6437296
TI  - [Relation between nutrition and the respiratory system. Value in intensive care].

PMID- 6437297
TI  - Construction of acid-base alignment nomograms to estimate buffer base and base
      excess concentrations in arterial blood from immature pigs.
AB  - Acid-base characteristics of a population of immature domestic pigs were used to
      construct a blood acid-base alignment nomogram with scales to estimate porcine
      buffer base concentration. The nomogram was based on average plasma bicarbonate
      concentration of 31.6 mEq/L and plasma albumin and globulin values of 25.4 and
      32.2 g/L, respectively. A measurement temperature of 38 C was assumed.
      Subsequently, this nomogram was used to construct a blood acid-base alignment
      nomogram with scales to estimate porcine base-excess concentration. The nomogram
      was based on the assignment of zero-base excess to blood with a pH of 7.50 and a
      PCO2 of 40 mm of Hg. Construction details, including tabular data reflecting the
      acid-base characteristics of porcine plasma and erythrocytes, are provided.

PMID- 6437298
TI  - Effects of aflatoxin M1 intake at physiologic levels on newborn dairy calves.
AB  - When aflatoxin-contaminated grain is consumed by dairy cows, aflatoxin M1 is
      excreted in the milk. Sixteen neonatal male Holstein calves were given milk which
      had been collected from cows given 5 to 6 mg of aflatoxin B1 each day. The calves
      were examined for possible detrimental effects of the mycotoxin at
      pseudophysiologic concentrations. Calves were allotted to 1 of 4 groups given
      different milk dietary aflatoxin M1 concentrations: group 1--given 0 microgram of
      aflatoxin M1/L (undetectable); group 2--given 0.5 microgram/L; group 3--given 1
      microgram/L; and group 4--given 2 micrograms/L. Whole milk equal to 8% of body
      weight was fed daily and adjusted each week to maintain this ratio. Water and a
      15% crude protein complete calf starter ration were offered ad libitum for the 6
      week feeding study. Weekly blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture
      and analyzed for serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase
      activities. Daily means for milk dry matter intake (in kg) and complete ration
      intake (in kg) for the calf groups were as follows: 0.46 and 0.36 for group 1;
      0.46 and 0.25 for group 2; 0.42 and 0.18 for group 3; and 0.49 and 0.40 for group
      4. Significant differences in complete ration and total dry matter intake were
      noted. The average daily gains (in kg) and gains in height at withers (in cm)
      were 0.39 and 4.1 for group 1; 0.36 and 4.0 for group 2; 0.29 and 5.7 for group
      3; and 0.42 and 5.1 for group 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437299
TI  - Effect of somatic growth on pulmonary function values in healthy Friesian cattle.
AB  - Growth-related changes in pulmonary function values (PFV) of cattle were
      investigated by a cross-sectional study of 40 healthy Dutch Friesian cattle, 3
      days to 13 years of age and weighing 37 to 660 kg. Technical and methodologic
      procedures and body conformation and condition were standardized. A regression
      analysis was done with 4 independent variables (body weight, thoracic perimeter,
      body surface area, and age) and with PFV measured in this study. Ventilation
      values, dynamic lung compliance, and viscous work of breathing changed linearly
      with somatic growth. Respiratory frequency, total pulmonary resistance, and
      arterial oxygen tension showed an exponential relationship with all the
      independent variables. On the other hand, intrapleural pressure values were
      weakly correlated with body size indexes. The most important growth-related
      changes in PFV occurred at approximately 1 year of age. A significant (P less
      than or equal to 0.05) difference between immature and mature cattle was shown
      for the blood-gas values and the specific values of the breathing mechanics. The
      dynamic lung compliance/lung weight was lower and the total pulmonary resistance
      X minute volume was higher in cattle than in other domestic mammals. The
      regression equation, giving the best fit of the data, was selected for each PFV.

PMID- 6437300
TI  - Ultrastructure of canine, feline, and bovine mast cell neoplasms.
AB  - Biopsy specimens were collected from skin or spleen from 8 dogs, 7 cats, and 1
      cow with mast cell neoplasms. Following histopathologic grading, the neoplasms
      were examined by transmission electron microscopy with the intention of reviewing
      their fine structure and recording new findings. For 2 feline specimens, short
      term cell cultures were established, and adherent cells were fixed in situ and
      examined with the electron microscope. In addition to the usual array of mast
      cell organelles, including Golgi apparatus, secretory granules, mitochondria,
      vesicles, tubules, microfilaments, and ribosomes, important findings included
      coarse interdigitation of cytoplasmic projections between adjacent mast cells;
      intracytoplasmic parallel stacks of 10 nm diameter filaments as well as parallel
      arrays of coarse, 120 to 150 nm diameter tubules; the appearance of coated
      vesicles and caveolae on cell surfaces; the appearance of endocytosed
      erythrocytes; and the formation of giant secretory granules.

PMID- 6437301
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against the mange mite Sarcoptes scabiei var suis in pigs.
AB  - The efficacy of ivermectin administered by esophageal intubation in a single dose
      was evaluated against the mange mite Sarcoptes scabiei var suis in 24 naturally
      infested pigs. Six pigs were allocated to each of the 4 treatment groups. Control
      (group 1) pigs were given nonmedicated water, group 2 were given ivermectin at
      300 micrograms/kg of body weight, group 3 were given ivermectin at 400
      micrograms/kg, and group 4 were given ivermectin at 500 micrograms/kg. The pigs
      were examined for S scabiei before treatment and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after
      treatment. Of the 18 ivermectin-treated pigs, 10 had no live S scabiei recovered
      on day 7 after treatment, 16 had none on day 14, 18 had none on day 21, and 16
      had none on day 28. All 6 nonmedicated control pigs had live S scabiei recovered
      on days 7 and 21, and 5 control pigs had mites on days 14 and 28. The single
      administration of ivermectin given by esophageal intubation was highly effective
      in reducing the number of S scabiei at all dose levels tested. The pooled
      ivermectin-treated groups had significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer mites than
      the control group on all posttreatment examination days. There were no
      statistically significant differences among the ivermectin dose levels.

PMID- 6437302
TI  - Humoral response of cattle to aerosolized Micropolyspora faeni.
AB  - Calves (7) were exposed to antigens of Micropolyspora faeni by the aerosol route
      for 9 weeks. The humoral immune response of calves to M faeni antigens was
      studied; immunoglobulins (Ig) E, G1, G2, A, and M were measured weekly in serum
      and nasal secretions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intradermal
      injection of antigen was performed during the 6th and 9th weeks; responses were
      evaluated at 30 minutes, 6 to 8 hours, 24, and 48 hours after injection. Total
      IgE levels in serum and nasal secretions, evaluated weekly, did not show any
      elevation. Micropolyspora faeni-specific IgE, IgA, IgG1, and IgG2, but not IgM,
      were produced by calves exposed to the antigen by the aerosol route; individual
      variability in magnitude of the response was marked. Thirty-minute skin tests
      were positive for cytotropic antibody in 2 of 3 aerosol-exposed calves by the 9th
      week, but delayed-type reactivity was not present. The ELISA test results were
      compared with those from sera of saline solution aerosol-exposed calves and from
      a parenterally immunized calf. Comparison of isotype-specific ELISA results
      obtained from M faeni aerosol-exposed calves with ELISA results from calves
      exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin according to a similar procedure indicated
      inherent problems in evaluating immune responses to environmental antigens.
      Aerosolized M faeni elicited a substantial antibody response. In particular, it
      is noteworthy that antigen-specific IgE responses were detected.

PMID- 6437303
TI  - Use of bacteria and yeasts to identify T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and
      lymphoid tissues of healthy guinea pigs and guinea pigs fed aflatoxin.
AB  - Fifty-four bacterial and 10 yeast isolates were screened to identify strains that
      were consistently bound by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of guinea pigs.
      None of the yeast isolates examined was bound by guinea pig PBL. Of 54 bacterial
      isolates, 10 were bound by greater than 5% of PBL. Potential lymphocyte markers
      from these bacteria were chosen for further study. Sodium azide inhibited the
      binding of bacteria by PBL. Preparations of T lymphocytes indicated that
      Salmonella schottmuelleri was bound by most T lymphocytes; Yersinia
      enterocolitica was bound by a subpopulation of T lymphocytes. Patterns of binding
      of bacteria by lymphocytes from thymus, lymph node, or spleen differed from
      binding patterns obtained using PBL. Aflatoxin did not affect the total WBC,
      differential leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, or relative percentage
      of PCV of guinea pigs given as much as 0.060 mg of aflatoxin B1 equivalents/kg of
      body weight/day for 3 weeks. Changes in absolute numbers of peripheral blood T
      lymphocytes were not observed in guinea pigs given aflatoxin when
      immunofluorescence or bacterial binding was used to identify lymphocyte
      populations, except that the number of S schottmuelleri-binding lymphocytes
      (tentatively identified as T lymphocytes) in guinea pigs given the highest dose
      of aflatoxin (0.060 mg of aflatoxin B1 equivalents/kg/day) was less than the
      number of T lymphocytes identified by immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6437304
TI  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for identification of equine urine.
AB  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was evaluated as a method to distinguish urine of
      human origin from that of equine origin. The procedure used anti-equine serum and
      anti-human serum antibodies that had been solid-phase absorbed to eliminate
      species cross-reactivity. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis reliably detected
      contamination of equine urine by human urine to a level of 10% with a minimum
      sensitivity to about 2% contamination. Compared with double diffusion,
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis was approximately 10 to 15 times more sensitive in
      the detection of urine proteins.

PMID- 6437305
TI  - Glucocorticoid inhibition of zymosan-induced arachidonic acid release by rat
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The phospholipase-dependent liberation of arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane
      phospholipids has been proposed as the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of
      bioactive AA metabolites, which play an important role in the expression of
      inflammatory and immune reactions. We have examined the effects of steroids in
      vitro on the release of AA by rat alveolar macrophages exposed to zymosan.
      Fluocinolone (1 microM) significantly inhibited the zymosan-induced release of
      radiolabeled AA from phosphatidylcholine as well as the production of
      radiolabeled prostaglandin E2. (PGE2). Dose-response curves gave the following
      rank order of potency: fluocinolone greater than dexamethasone greater than
      hydrocortisone. The maximal degree of inhibition of radiolabeled AA release
      observed was approximately 70%. Inhibition was not observed after 3 h of
      glucocorticoid pretreatment, but maximal inhibition was achieved after 10 h of
      pretreatment. Pretreatment with gonadal sex hormones (1 microM) did not inhibit
      AA release. Concurrent incubation of macrophages with hydrocortisone and excess
      concentrations of the partial glucocorticoid agonist, progesterone, blunted the
      degree of inhibition observed with hydrocortisone alone. These data are
      consistent with a receptor-mediated process. The time course suggests a response
      dependent on new protein synthesis, and the increased concentration of the
      phospholipase-inhibitory protein, lipomodulin, in steroid-treated cultures is
      putative evidence of new protein synthesis.

PMID- 6437306
TI  - Predictors of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - Drug susceptibility testing is usually performed when Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      organisms are recovered from Asian immigrants or from patients whose sputum
      remains culture positive despite several months of antituberculosis medication.
      Alcoholism, previous antituberculosis treatment, history of adverse reactions to
      previous treatment, and patient unreliability have also been suggested as risk
      factors, but the ability of these factors to predict the presence of drug
      resistant organisms has not been assessed. Starting in January 1980, the
      Washington State Tuberculosis Laboratory began testing every positive M.
      tuberculosis culture for drug resistance. This enabled us to prospectively
      evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 7 risk factors for drug resistance in
      consecutive patients. From January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1982, cultures
      from 803 patients were positive for M. tuberculosis; 766 of these (95%) were
      tested for drug resistance. The incidence of resistance was 13% (101/766). Of the
      101 patients with drug-resistant organisms, 61 (60%) were Asian, supporting the
      need to routinely test Asian immigrants for drug-resistant disease. The ability
      of the other risk factors to separate the 40 non-Asians (40%) with drug-resistant
      disease from the group of 513 non-Asians with drug-sensitive organisms was poor.
      All risk factors were insensitive and had a high false positive rate. These
      results demonstrate that the presence of drug-resistant disease in non-Asians
      cannot accurately be predicted. This finding suggests that all cultures of M.
      tuberculosis should be tested for drug sensitivity, and that in areas where the
      incidence of drug resistance is sufficiently high, initial treatment should be
      with 3 drugs until drug susceptibility is known.

PMID- 6437307
TI  - Inhibition by streptomycin of tubercle bacilli within cultured human macrophages.
AB  - The strategy for using streptomycin against tuberculosis assumes that it is not
      effective intracellularly. But according to animal cell experiments, this is
      probably incorrect. We retested this assumption with a new experimental model
      using cultured human macrophages infected with tubercle bacilli so that the
      results would be directly relevant to human disease. At 5 and 50 micrograms/ml,
      streptomycin inhibited the bacilli strongly and killed some; at the lowest tested
      concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml, it inhibited them weakly. It was acting
      intracellularly, because it could inhibit even when added 2 days after the
      macrophages had been infected and washed free of extracellular bacilli, and
      because in our experimental model the bacilli were shown to be unable to multiply
      extracellularly. However, as has been reported for animal macrophages, the
      antibiotic was quantitatively more than 2 orders of magnitude less effective in
      human macrophages than in simple bacteriologic medium. Probably this is because
      streptomycin is concentrated within lysosomes where low pH greatly inhibits it.
      The human macrophage-tubercle bacillus chemotherapeutic bioassay we describe here
      for the first time could be a superior patient-consonant new method for testing
      antituberculosis agents and treatment regimens. It retains important in vivo
      features, the complete host cell-parasite relationship for instance, without
      giving up the in vitro advantages of rapidity and objectivity.

PMID- 6437308
TI  - Hepatitis B virus antibody in blood donors and the occurrence of non-A, non-B
      hepatitis in transfusion recipients. An analysis of the Transfusion-Transmitted
      Viruses Study.
AB  - Patients who received transfusions and nontransfused control patients were
      followed to assess the incidence and cause of post-transfusion hepatitis and to
      identify donor factors that might relate to risk of hepatitis. We evaluated as
      risk factors in donors the presence of antibody to hepatitis B virus compared
      with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. Units of blood that were
      positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were associated with
      a twofold to threefold greater risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis in the recipients
      than were units without anti-HBc. In the absence of specific serologic tests for
      non-A, non-B agents, screening of donors for anti-HBc might be considered. Our
      data suggest that the incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis might have been reduced
      by about one third by such screening. However, elevated ALT levels in donors had
      a similar association with non-A, non-B hepatitis in recipients but would have
      resulted in fewer units of blood being discarded than would screening for anti
      HBc.

PMID- 6437309
TI  - Primary Sjogren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases in families. Prevalence
      and immunogenetic studies in six kindreds.
AB  - The relationships of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and heavy chain immunoglobulin
      (Gm) haplotypes to disease and autoantibody expression were examined in six large
      kindreds, each having one or more members with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
      Various other autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies occurred among the 117
      relatives in these families. The HLA and Gm haplotypes did not necessarily
      segregate persons into those with Sjogren's syndrome, other autoimmune disorders,
      or serologic abnormalities, but HLA alleles DR3 and DR2 occurred in significant
      excess in relatives with Sjogren's syndrome, irrespective of HLA haplotype.
      Segregation analysis suggested a Mendelian dominant genetic defect common to the
      many autoimmune diseases and serologic reactions that was not linked to HLA or
      Gm. A significant effect of female sex was also documented. These studies suggest
      that Sjogren's syndrome results from the interaction of several HLA-linked and
      non-HLA-linked genes.

PMID- 6437310
TI  - Comparative cost effectiveness of gentamicin and tobramycin.
AB  - Gentamicin and tobramycin were compared for cost effectiveness in the treatment
      of adult patients with serious infections in a general medical service. We used
      data from a randomized double-blind trial in which the only observed difference
      between the clinical effects of these aminoglycosides was the incidence of
      nephrotoxicity (26% with gentamicin and 12% with tobramycin). According to 1984
      cost data, the combined average drug and nephrotoxicity costs per patient were
      $127 for tobramycin and $72 for gentamicin. An extensive sensitivity analysis-
      varying frequency and cost of nephrotoxicity, dialysis requirements,
      aminoglycoside acquisition costs, and length of hospitalization--showed
      gentamicin to be more cost effective than tobramycin, unless hospitalization is
      prolonged by an average of at least 15 days for patients with severe
      nephrotoxicity or at least 3 days for all patients with moderate or severe
      nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6437311
TI  - Indirect tests to detect the non-A, non-B hepatitis carrier state.

PMID- 6437313
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser fiber steering device for carbon dioxide laser rigid
      bronchoscope set.
AB  - A steering device for the Nd:YAG laser fiber to be used in conjunction with the
      rigid carbon dioxide laser bronchoscope set has been designed. This device
      inserts into the proximal end of the rigid bronchoscope and has the ability to
      accept a rigid optical telescope and the Nd:YAG laser fiber, and to evacuate
      smoke from the operative field.

PMID- 6437312
TI  - [Morquio syndrome (clinical, radiological and biochemical aspects of a case].

PMID- 6437314
TI  - Natural cytotoxicity and interferon production in patients with recurrent
      respiratory papillomatosis.
AB  - The observation that interferon (IFN) therapy causes regression of lesions in
      some patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) raises the
      possibilities that these patients may have abnormalities in endogenous IFN
      production or in antitumor immune responses stimulated by IFN. We have measured
      IFN production and natural cytotoxicity (NK activity) in nine patients with RRP,
      three of whom were receiving exogenous IFN at the time of testing. Production of
      IFN-gamma induced by the T cell mitogen Staphylococcus enterotoxin A was normal
      in all patients. Production of IFN-alpha induced by two viruses (Sendai and
      Newcastle disease viruses) was normal in the six untreated patients, but
      significantly lower in the patients on IFN therapy. Natural cytotoxicity against
      K562 target cells, both spontaneous and IFN-stimulated, was normal in all RRP
      patients tested. Thus, we have shown that the NK-IFN system was intact in
      untreated patients with RRP. IFN-alpha production in the RRP patients on IFN
      therapy was low. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6437315
TI  - Age-related responses of laryngeal airway resistance to peripheral and central
      chemoreceptor stimulation.
AB  - Laryngeal airway resistance was measured in anesthetized dogs ranging in age from
      one day to adult during central and peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation by
      hypoxia and hypercapnia. Chemoreceptor-mediated regulation of airway resistance
      was found to be qualitatively similar in all age groups; however, there was a
      progressive increased sensitivity to both hypoxia and hypercapnia with increasing
      age. The reduced sensitivity of the laryngeal airway to hypoxic and hypercapnic
      stimulation in the young animal may predispose the young animal to airway
      obstruction during periods of hypoxia or hypercapnia. This may bear some
      relevance to the etiology of certain cases of sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 6437316
TI  - [Fetomaternal incompatibility due to Rhesus erythrocyte antigens other than
      antigen D].

PMID- 6437317
TI  - [Percutaneous catheterization of the axillary vein in the newborn infant].

PMID- 6437318
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological evaluation of preventive antibiotherapy in
      scheduled digestive surgery. Results apropos of 121 cases].

PMID- 6437319
TI  - Epidemiological model of hepatitis B.
AB  - This is a preliminary report on a multistate epidemiological model without age
      structure constructed on the grounds of the natural history of hepatitis B. In
      determining twelve essential epidemiological classes and related epidemiological
      parameters the lack of precise definitions of certain classes and their
      infectiousness was an important constraint in model formulation. For this reason
      the distribution of some classes and their parametric values were rather
      arbitrarily set. As more exact information on natural history becomes available
      it can be directly incorporated into the present model. The computer programme of
      the model has been written in basic language. The model was used for the
      simulation of endemic and epidemic situations. It was applied for simulating the
      natural course of infection as well as the effects of various public health
      interventions, such as passive and active immunization and/or application of
      appropriate sanitary and hygienic measures. The model is evaluated through the
      above simulations of actual and hypothetical situations. The cost-effectiveness
      analysis of various public health interventions can also be carried out with the
      model. The model in its present form, in spite of some uncertainties as far as
      epidemiological parameters are concerned, seems to be useful in the study of
      hepatitis B dynamics and its epidemiological patterns and in the search for
      effective and cost-effective control strategies. The model needs further
      refinement.

PMID- 6437320
TI  - Mortality from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among dynamite workers--an
      extended case-referent study.
AB  - Increased mortality from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among male dynamite
      workers was reported in 1977 and was supported two years later by findings in a
      small cohort study from another Swedish dynamite population. The excess risk was
      confined to those with long-term employment. The original case-referent study
      comprised the years between 1955-1975 and the register of deaths and burials in
      the parish around the dynamite factory was used as the source of subjects. The
      same register has now been used for the time period 1976-1980. We have used
      identical requirements for this extension as in the original study, i.e.,
      confined to men with more than one year of employment and aged 36-70. Cases were
      those who died from ischaemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases
      according to WHO classification rules and referents those who died from all other
      diseases remaining after the primary exclusions. 102 men had died in the parish
      during the extension period. 15 were excluded. There were 36 deaths from heart
      diseases, 12 from cerebrovascular diseases and 39 referent diagnoses. Six of the
      "heart-cases", three of the "c-v-cases" and six of the referents were exposed.
      The Mantel-Haenszel estimation of the risk ratio for cerebrovascular diseases
      during the period 1955-80 is 2.9 (95% confidence interval 0.9-6.4) and 2.7 for
      cardio-vascular diseases (1.4-5.4). Among 25 men exposed more than 20 years only
      one died from anything else but a cardio-cerebrovascular disease.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437321
TI  - Cyanobacterial cell inclusions.

PMID- 6437322
TI  - The genetics of the gonococcus.
AB  - Despite the inherent limitations imposed by working with an organism that still
      has a very limited genetic map and relatively few systems for manipulation of the
      genome, much has been learned in the past decade. Recent applications of the
      technology of monoclonal antibodies and recombinant DNA, coupled with careful
      studies of the immunobiology of pili and various outer membrane structures have
      provided exciting insights into the molecular pathogenesis of gonococcal
      infections. One of the principal lessons is the sophistication of the gonococcal
      strategies for evading the host defenses, including high-frequency variations of
      pili and P.II and an extracellular protease for specific cleavage of IgA1. It is
      unclear how much antigenic variation will limit vaccine development. Regardless,
      the pursuit of a vaccine has led to important new fundamental knowledge of the
      genetics and structure-function relationships of several cell surface components,
      and the future promises to be both rational and interesting.

PMID- 6437323
TI  - Nutrient transport by anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.

PMID- 6437324
TI  - Deep-sea microbiology.

PMID- 6437325
TI  - Will outpatient surgery programs come under prospective payment?

PMID- 6437326
TI  - Anesthesia drugs and supplies. Calculating their cost per DRG.

PMID- 6437327
TI  - Effects of airflow rates and operator activity on containment of bacterial
      aerosols in a class II safety cabinet.
AB  - Biological safety cabinets are frequently relied upon to provide sterile work
      environments in which hazardous microorganisms can be safely handled.
      Verification of correct airstream velocities does not, by itself, ensure that
      adequate protection will be achieved under all users. Instead, the concentration
      of microorganisms in a cabinet operator's breathing zone must be measured during
      typical cabinet use conditions to determine whether the exposure is below
      acceptable limits. In this study, cabinet operator exposures were measured with a
      personal air sampler. Bacterial spores were released inside a cabinet as a
      uniform challenge aerosol, and the number of escaping spores was measured for
      several cabinet arrangements during a number of typical operations. The following
      were studied to determine their effects on aerosol containment: inflow air
      velocity, size of access opening, type of operator movements, location of
      operator's hands, and pace of activity. Other experiments examined differences in
      aerosol containment for eight typical microbiology operations when performed by
      six operators who covered a range of body heights and volumes.

PMID- 6437328
TI  - Effect of pH, application technique, and chlorine-to-nitrogen ratio on
      disinfectant activity of inorganic chloramines with pure culture bacteria.
AB  - The influence of pH, application technique, and chlorine-to-nitrogen weight ratio
      on the bactericidal activity of inorganic chloramine compounds was determined
      with stock and environmental strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae. The rate
      of inactivation increased from 1.5 to 2 times as the chlorine-to-nitrogen weight
      ratio was adjusted from 2:1 to 5:1, 5 to 6 times as the pH was decreased from 8
      to 6, and 5 to 6 times as the concentration was increased from 1 to 5 mg/liter.
      Separate additions of free chlorine and ammonia (concurrent addition and
      preammoniation) into seeded water at or below pH 7.5 resulted in killing
      comparable to that observed with free chlorine (99% inactivation in less than 20
      s). At pH 8, inactivation by separate additions was considerably slower and was
      comparable to that by prereacted chloramine compounds (99% inactivation in 25 to
      26 min). Determination of the effectiveness of inorganic chloramine compounds as
      primary disinfectants for drinking water must consider the method of application,
      pH and concentrations of chlorine and ammonia.

PMID- 6437329
TI  - Identification of an unusual cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid in
      rabbit renal medulla.
AB  - A renal medulla 100,000g pellet metabolized arachidonic acid, C20:4, to the
      previously described prostaglandins prostaglandin E2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1
      alpha, thromboxane B2, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, and 11
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. In addition, under conditions of low enzyme to
      substrate ratios, the renal medulla also produced an unusual metabolite from
      arachidonic acid. This metabolite was inhibited by indomethacin, and thus
      suggested that it was a product of the cyclooxygenase. Addition of GSH to the
      incubation inhibited its formation, while p-hydroxymercuribenzoate enhanced its
      formation. This compound was identified by HPLC purification, uv absorption, and
      gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The compound was 9,15-dioxo,11
      hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid.

PMID- 6437330
TI  - Regulation of the nitrate reductase level in anacystis nidulans: activity decay
      under nitrogen stress.
AB  - The in vivo stability of ferredoxin-nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium
      Anacystis nidulans under conditions of inhibited protein synthesis has been
      studied in nitrate-grown cells. A light-promoted rapid decay in cellular nitrate
      reductase activity took place in the absence of any added nitrogen source, but
      not in the presence of nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium. The inactivation process
      seemed to proceed in two sequential steps. The first step required both light and
      oxygen, and was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or,
      to a lesser extent, by sulfhydryl-containing compounds. The resulting inactive
      form of nitrate reductase, apparently suffering from an oxidative modification,
      could be reactivated in vivo either by switching-off the light or by addition of
      inorganic nitrogenous compounds. Prolonged illumination of the cells in the
      absence of a nitrogen source led to further modification of the enzyme, which
      could not be reversed. Stability of the active enzyme appears to be a decisive
      factor contributing to the determination of the actual level of nitrate reductase
      in A. nidulans cells.

PMID- 6437331
TI  - Comparison of the state of deoxyhemoglobin S molecules in solution and in fibers
      by hydrogen exchange kinetics.
AB  - Hydrogen exchange kinetics of deoxyhemoglobin S gel and deoxyhemoglobin A
      solution were compared at 4.8 mM tetramer concentration, 25 degrees C, and in
      sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 with gamma/2 = 0.2 by means of microdialysis
      using tritium as a trace label. Cyanomethemoglobin A in solution and as
      crosslinked crystals were compared under the same conditions. The exchange values
      from 15 to 10(4) min were fitted to a power law, and the distribution function of
      exchange rates was calculated. There was no significant difference in the
      distribution for deoxyhemoglobin S gel and deoxyhemoglobin A. Exchange from
      crosslinked cyanomethemoglobin crystals was less in the early time region than
      for the solution state, but after 600 min the exchange curves were the same. This
      resulted in a larger area for the distribution function, although the predominate
      rates were nearly the same. The effect of polymerization on conformational
      fluctuations was very small, smaller than the effect of crosslinking hemoglobin
      crystals.

PMID- 6437332
TI  - Role of the carbohydrate part of yeast acid phosphatase.
AB  - Acid phosphatase, purified from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was
      completely deglycosylated by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H or by HF
      treatment. Three protein bands were obtained on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      electrophoresis, with molecular weights of 73,000, 71,000 and 61,500. The
      released carbohydrate chains varied in size from 12 to 142 mannose units. To
      study the role of carbohydrate chains in the structure and function of acid
      phosphatase, a comparison of the properties of the partially deglycosylated
      enzyme with the native one was performed. The 60% deglycosylated enzyme retained
      the original activity, and CD and fluorescence spectra showed that the native
      conformation of the enzyme was preserved. The 90% deglycosylated enzyme showed a
      pronounced loss of enzyme activity, accompanied by the disruption of the three
      dimensional structure. The partially deglycosylated enzyme was less soluble and
      more susceptible to denaturing effects of heat, pH, urea, and guanidine
      hydrochloride. Under conditions of electrophoresis, the partially deglycosylated
      enzyme dissociated, indicating a possible role of carbohydrate chains in
      maintaining the dimeric structure of the enzyme. Susceptibility of acid
      phosphatase toward proteolysis was drastically increased by deglycosylation.

PMID- 6437333
TI  - The carbon dioxide hydration activity of the sulfonamide-resistant carbonic
      anhydrase from the liver of male rat: pH independence of the steady-state
      kinetics.
AB  - The steady-state kinetic constants for the catalysis of CO2 hydration by the
      sulfonamide-resistant and testosterone-induced carbonic anhydrase from the liver
      of the male rat has been determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The
      turnover number was 2.6 +/- 0.6 X 10(3) s-1 at 25 degrees C, and was invariant
      with pH ranging from 6.2 to 8.2 within experimental error. The Km at 25 degrees C
      was 5 +/- 1 mM, and was also pH independent. These data are in quantitative
      agreement with earlier findings of pH-independent CO2 hydration activity for the
      mammalian skeletal muscle carbonic anhydrase isozyme III. The turnover numbers
      for higher-activity isozymes I and II are strongly pH dependent in this pH range.
      Thus, the kinetic status of the male rat liver enzyme is that of carbonic
      anhydrase III. This finding is consistent with preliminary structural and
      immunologic data from other laboratories.

PMID- 6437334
TI  - Collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro: comparison of types I, II, and III.
AB  - The self-assembly of pepsin-extracted types I, II, and III collagen was studied
      to determine how differences in the triple-helical structure between collagen
      types influence in vitro collagen fibrillogenesis. Collagen types I, II, and III
      were extracted and purified from bovine sources, and were studied in solution by
      laser light scattering, pH titration, and determination of turbidity-time curves.
      The molecular weights were between 280,000 and 289,000, while the translational
      diffusion coefficients and particle scattering factors at 175.5 degrees were
      consistent with those expected for single collagen molecules. Titration of
      collagen types I, II, and III between pH 7.0 and 2.0 using HCl indicated that
      type I collagen had the most titratable carboxylic groups with type II and III
      having significantly fewer titratable groups. The self-assembly of these
      collagens was studied in vitro in phosphate-buffered saline. The time course and
      extent of fibril formation were studied turbidimetrically, and were found to be
      dependent on collagen type. Apparent rate constants were determined for both the
      lag and growth phases of fibril formation. The rates of both phases were greater
      for type III than for type I collagen, with the rates for type II collagen being
      intermediate. The extent of fibril formation was based on the turbidity per unit
      concentration (specific turbidity) extrapolated to zero concentration (intrinsic
      turbidity), which was found to be greater for type I than for type III collagen.
      Type II collagen had the smallest intrinsic turbidity. The specific and intrinsic
      turbidity values were consistent with the relative fibril diameters seen in
      dermis and cartilage by transmission electron microscopy. These observations
      indicate that helix-helix interactions are important in the regulation of the
      rate and extent of collagen fibrillogenesis and may be involved in the
      determination of fibril structure.

PMID- 6437335
TI  - Phosphoglyceride biosynthesis by brain microsomes: centrophenoxine, SaH-42-348,
      and DH-990 inhibit phospholipid N-methylation.
AB  - The effects of centrophenoxine, SaH-42-348, and DH-990 on several enzymes
      involved in aminophospholipid biosynthesis in brain have been examined in vitro.
      Relatively high concentrations of centrophenoxine were required to achieve 50%
      inhibition of the microsomal enzymes CDP-ethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EPT), CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol
      cholinephosphotransferase (CPT), phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase (PME-NMT), and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase (PDE-NMT). Intermediate concentrations of SaH-42-348 inhibited
      CPT (IC50 = 2.0 mM), EPT (IC50 = 1.9 mM), PME-NMT (IC50 = 0.19 mM), and PDE-NMT
      (IC50 = 0.17 mM). Of the three drugs tested, DH-990 was the most potent inhibitor
      of the phospholipid-synthesizing enzymes. Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, a
      mitochondrial inner-membrane enzyme [A. K. Percy, J. F. Moore, M. A. Carson, and
      C. J. Waechter (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 223, 484-494], was virtually
      unaffected by the three drugs added at millimolar concentrations. Kinetic
      analyses indicated that the inhibitory action of DH-990 on the brain enzymes was
      noncompetitive with respect to all substrates. The relatively high sensitivity of
      CPT (IC50 = 0.6 mM), EPT (IC50 = 2.2 mM), PME-NMT (IC50 = 2.5 microM), and PDE
      NMT (IC50 = 2.5 microM) to inhibition by DH-990 in brain microsomes suggests that
      this compound may be useful for cellular studies on the possible relationships
      between phospholipid metabolism and neurobiological functions.

PMID- 6437336
TI  - Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation, and inactivation of glycogen synthase
      by a brain protein kinase.
AB  - Glycogen synthase from skeletal muscle was phosphorylated by a Ca2+, calmodulin
      dependent protein kinase from brain, with concomitant inactivation. About 0.7 mol
      phosphate/mol subunit was sufficient for a maximal inactivation of glycogen
      synthase. Further phosphorylation of the enzyme had no effect on the activity.
      The concentrations required to give half-maximal phosphorylation and inactivation
      of glycogen synthase were 1.1 and 0.5 microM for Ca2+, and 22 and 11 nM for
      calmodulin, respectively. The molar ratio of the subunit of the protein kinase to
      calmodulin was 2-3:1 for half-maximal phosphorylation and inactivation of
      glycogen synthase. The Km values for glycogen synthase and ATP were 3.6 and 114
      microM, respectively, for phosphorylation. Phosphate was incorporated into sites
      Ia, Ib, and 2 on glycogen synthase, and site 2 was the most rapidly
      phosphorylated. These results indicate that the brain Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent
      protein kinase is probably involved in glycogen metabolism in the brain as a
      glycogen synthase kinase.

PMID- 6437337
TI  - Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for Schiff base formation of vitamin B6
      derivatives with amino acids.
AB  - Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for Schiff base formation of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate and pyridoxal with epsilon-aminocaproic acid as well as of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate with L-serine were obtained in 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate buffer as a
      function of temperature. Changes in enthalpy, which were determined by direct
      microcalorimetry, were small at 25 degrees C, but varied strongly with pH for the
      reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with the amino acids. In contrast to the fast
      Schiff base formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, a very slow reaction was found
      for pyridoxal and epsilon-aminocaproic acid concomitant with a larger change in
      enthalpy. By preventing hemiacetal formation the phosphate moiety plays a crucial
      role.

PMID- 6437338
TI  - Solid-phase protein and peptide sequencing using either 4-N,N
      dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate or phenylisothiocyanate.
AB  - Automated solid-phase sequencing using 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'
      isothiocyanate (DABITC) double coupling or regular phenylisothiocyanate (PITC)
      degradation procedures have been investigated. Employing sensitive high
      performance liquid chromatography for the identification of amino acid
      thiohydantoin derivatives (PTH and DABTH), both methods were capable of
      sequencing immobilized peptides or proteins at the subnanomole levels. In the
      sequencing program using DABITC, alternate methanol and dichloroethane washes and
      automated conversion using methanolic HCl containing dithiothreitol were
      introduced to obtain clean thiazolinones and to ensure high recovery yields of
      the thiohydantoins. Using regular PITC degradation with a 59-min program, the
      background peaks of the side products could be reduced to enhance HPLC
      identification. Peptides or proteins attached to the glass beads or resins via
      the carboxyl terminii or epsilon-amino groups of lysyl residues could be readily
      sequenced up to 30 identifiable degradation cycles, where the sequencing is
      generally terminated due to the increased background components.

PMID- 6437339
TI  - Purification of hamster melanoma tyrosinases and structural studies of their
      asparagine-linked sugar chains.
AB  - In cultured melanotic melanoma, a marked decrease of pigmentation has been found
      to be induced by the addition of tunicamycin [Y. Mishima and G. Imokawa (1983) J.
      Invest. Dermatol. 81, 106-114]. Since it appears that this impaired pigmentation
      arises from the loss of asparagine-linked sugar chains serving as a signal for
      transport of tyrosinase from GERL (Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum of
      lysosomes) to premelanosomes, tyrosinases from the membrane fraction of Greene's
      hamster melanoma have been purified, and the structures of their sugar chains
      have been analyzed. Two kinds of tyrosinases were purified by Triton X-100
      solubilization; DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200, and DEAE-Sephadex column
      chromatography; and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two
      tyrosinases were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and both
      corresponded to Mr 69,000. Their asparagine-linked sugar chains were released by
      hydrazinolysis and analyzed. The sugar chains of the two tyrosinases were
      identical except for the sialic acid contents. One mole of each tyrosinase
      contained 1 mol of high-mannose-type sugar chains and 3 mol of complex-type sugar
      chains. The former chain has Man3 approximately 5 X GlcNAc2 and the latter has
      Man3 X GlcNAc beta 1----4(+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAc as their core structures.
      The complex-type sugar chains are composed of mono-, bi-, tri-, and
      tetraantennary sugar chains, with +/- Sia alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta
      1----as their outer chains.

PMID- 6437340
TI  - Turnover of membrane proteins: kinetics of induction and degradation of seven
      forms of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase,
      and epoxide hydrolase.
AB  - The in vivo turnover of several rat liver microsomal proteins was studied using
      techniques designed to maximize antibody recognition specificity and minimize
      reutilization of radioactive labels. The kinetics of degradation of seven
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and epoxide
      hydrolase were determined in untreated rats and rats treated with phenobarbital
      or beta-naphthoflavone. In the cases where induction of these enzymes occurred
      with the above chemicals, rates of synthesis of the proteins were also estimated.
      In general, the degradation rates of the different proteins were rather similar
      to each other, and the effects of phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone on these
      rates were not very great. However, in the case of cytochromes P-450, a general
      trend was observed in which the heme moiety was degraded more rapidly than the
      apoprotein. Changes in the rates of synthesis of the individual proteins appear
      to contribute more to the altered steady-state levels which are expressed than do
      the rates of degradation, and profiles of steady-state enzyme concentrations
      predicted by the kinetic constants approximate those observed in vivo.

PMID- 6437341
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of fluoropyrimidines].
AB  - Pharmacokinetic behaviors of 5-FU and masked fluoropyrimidines were reviewed.
      Anabolic and catabolic pathways of 5-FU Pharmacokinetics of 5-FU-blood level,
      absorption, drug interaction Tegafur (FT)-blood level, absorption, activation to
      5-FU by P-450 UFT-high 5-FU level in tissues, especially in tumor tissues, by
      inhibiting the catabolism of 5-FU from FT with uracil HCFU-relatively high 5-FU
      production, independent of the liver, high drug distribution in cancerous ascites
      5'-DFUR-activation to 5-FU by uridine- or thymidine- phosphorylase, high 5-FU
      level in tumor tissues

PMID- 6437342
TI  - [Fluorinated pyrimidines--administration methods].
AB  - In spite of the fact that fluorinated pyrimidines have been in extensive clinical
      use for more than 25 years, the optimal dose, route of administration and
      schedule have yet to be determined. An adequate course is considered to be one
      that produces either an objective response or mild toxicity. However,
      modification of dose schedule have shown considerable variation in rate of
      response, drug toxicity, and drug mortality. In contrast to its rapid clearance
      from blood, 5-fluorouracil may persist for prolonged period in cancer tissue.
      More detailed measurements of their metabolites in cancer tissue may lead to an
      improved understanding of 5-fluorouracil treatment.

PMID- 6437343
TI  - [Evaluation of preoperative administration of N1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5
      fluorouracil (FT-207) suppository in surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for large
      bowel cancer].
AB  - A prospective randomized study was performed for 72 patients with large bowel
      cancer, and 36 cases each of rectal cancer and colonic cancer, who had received
      curative resection respectively. The regimen consisted of two adjuvant
      chemotherapies: group A, postoperative administration of FT-207 suppository;
      group B; preoperative and postoperative administration of the same suppository. A
      follow-up study was then done. The results revealed the 5-year survival rate to
      be 65.1% for group A and 72.4% for group, B respectively. With rectal cancer, 5
      year survival was 57.8% for group A and 70.5% for group B respectively. In
      colonic cancer the figures were 70.8% for group A and 75.0% for group B. Thus,
      there was no significant difference but a somewhat higher survival rate was
      observed in the preoperative plus postoperative administration group. Comparison
      of in the prognosis two groups classified according to the degree of nodal
      metastasis and invasion revealed good results in group B. The above-mentioned
      facts suggest that pre- and post-operative administration of FT-207 suppositories
      as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is superior to postoperative use
      alone.

PMID- 6437344
TI  - [Clinical trial of UFT against disseminated breast cancer].
AB  - A study was carried out in 32 patients with disseminated breast cancer to
      determine the clinical responses and side-effects of daily administration of 400
      600 mg of UFT. According to the Japan Mammary Cancer Society's criteria of
      response, more than partial response was observed in 11 out of 32 cases (34.4%).
      Side-effects were observed in 15 cases (46.9%) and these mainly consisted of
      those involving slight myelosuppression and upper digestive organs, such us
      nausea and anorexia.

PMID- 6437345
TI  - [Comparative pharmacokinetic study between UFT and FT-207 suppo and phase II
      studies in gynecological malignancies].
AB  - Plasma pharmacokinetics and accumulation into tissues were comparatively examined
      between UFT and FT-207 suppo and 7 gynecological malignancies were treated by UFT
      in a phase-II study. FT-207 suppo, the maximum level was attained. After
      administration, UFT plasma FT reached its maximum level at 2-3 hr, but for 0.5-1
      hr after administration. On the other hand, plasma 5-FU concentration reached its
      peak 1-2 hr or 3-4 hr after UFT administration and revealed very low levels after
      FT-207 suppo administration. 5-FU accumulation in normal tissue (NT) was not
      proportional to administered doses of UFT, but in cancerous tissue (CT) it was
      dependent on total UFT dose. The CT/NT ratio with respect to 5-FU concentration
      was 5.36 after UFT administration. The same ratio after FT-207 suppo
      administration was 2.63. The specificity of 5-FU accumulation into cancerous
      tissue after UFT administration was significantly demonstrated. According to the
      Evaluating Criteria for cancer chemotherapy in solid tumors by the Japanese
      Society for Cancer Therapy, we obtained results of PR 2, NC 2 and PD 3 using a
      600 mg/day administration of UFT for 7 gynecological malignancies consisting of 6
      cervical carcinomas and 1 endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 6437346
TI  - [Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018)--effect of
      administration route].
AB  - Antitumor activity of lactobacilli on Sarcoma 180 was investigated and was shown
      to be different from strain to strain. In general, Lactobacillus casei had higher
      antitumor activity compared with other species of lactobacilli. Among these, L.
      casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018) had significant antitumor activity against Meth A
      fibrosarcoma when administered into BALB/c mice intravenously, intraperitoneally,
      subcutaneously, intratumorally or orally. LC 9018 showed antitumor activity
      against rat ascites hepatoma by intravenous or oral administration, but this
      activity was lower than that against Meth A in mice.

PMID- 6437347
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on the tidal carbon dioxide profile.
AB  - Four indices have been tested for quantitative description of the form of the
      expiratory partial pressure carbon dioxide curves within a group of 80 male
      smokers with normal routine spirometry. The control group consisted of 60 healthy
      nonsmokers whose age and residence matched those of the smokers. The tests
      demonstrated statistically significant differences between smokers and the
      control group. Gamma angle index and planimetric index displayed high sensitivity
      to the quantitative description of the capnographic curves, whereas the
      concomitant cough and sputum production or the smoking index did not. The data
      produced show that capnographic indices provide valuable data on ventilation
      perfusion ratio dysfunction and also, indirectly, on small airways on smokers
      with normal conventional spirometry.

PMID- 6437348
TI  - Free thiomalate levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with
      disodium aurothiomalate: relationship to clinical outcome of therapy.
AB  - Sixteen patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were treated with 20 mg
      disodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin) weekly for six months. Disease activity was
      assessed before and after treatment. Plasma profiles and urinary excretion of
      free thiomalate were measured in all patients after the initial injection and
      again at six months in the 12 patients remaining on therapy. No difference was
      found in plasma levels or urinary excretion of free thiomalate between patients
      who responded to treatment or who developed toxic reactions and those who did
      not.

PMID- 6437349
TI  - The lupus anticoagulant, pulmonary thromboembolism, and fatal pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - A patient with a circulating lupus anticoagulant in the absence of systemic lupus
      erythematosus developed recurrent deep venous thromboses and pulmonary emboli.
      Pulmonary emboli recurred despite prolonged oral anticoagulant therapy and
      resulted in fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension. Extended anticoagulant therapy
      alone may not prevent recurrent thromboembolism in patients with a lupus
      anticoagulant. Pulmonary thromboembolism may be an important factor in the
      pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with a lupus anticoagulant.

PMID- 6437350
TI  - [Manufacture of valvular prostheses from bovine pericardium, their evaluation and
      the initial results of the 1st group of implants].
AB  - The results obtained with some types of bioprostheses together with the present
      economical situation of the country pointed out that the manufacture of another
      type of bioprostheses was necessary. After a careful analysis of the results that
      had been reported in the literature with the diverse types of bioprostheses had
      been made, it was concluded that pericardial valves were the best choice for our
      specific requirements. The first problem that had to be solved was the
      identification of the adequate fraction of purified glutaraldehyde that would
      provide for adequate tissue fixation. This was determined using several types of
      biophysical and biochemical techniques. The next step was to find the adequate
      manufacturing techniques that would provide us with optimal function valves. This
      was achieved by testing the functional characteristics of these valves on a
      cardiac cycle simulator. The first group of 132 patients that received this type
      of valve includes 9 multiple valve replacements, 24 aortic, 98 mitral and 1
      pulmonary valve replacements. All the surviving patients have shown a clear
      improvement and they all show adequate function of their bioprostheses. The
      function of the valves has not been involved in any of the patient deaths. Since
      there has not been any evidence of disfunction, these results show that the
      manufacturing techniques and the design of these bioprostheses is adequate.
      Naturally to long-term durability of these valves will have to wait before it can
      be valorated.

PMID- 6437351
TI  - [The respiratory center in normal subjects at 2,240 meters above sea level. The
      ventilatory and occlusion pressure (P 0.1) responses upon CO2 stimulation].
AB  - Altitude hypoxia imposes acute changes and long term adjustments in the
      ventilation of human beings. Most of the present knowledge of the respiratory
      center behavior at high altitude derives from the studies of ventilatory response
      to both hypoxia and hypercapnea. Other indexes of respiratory center output such
      as the occlusion pressure (P 0.1) response to a variety of stimuli are at present
      being evaluated. We could not find, however, studies on the P 0.1 responses to
      CO2 at high altitude. In this study we analyze the ventilatory and P 0.1
      responses to CO2 in a group of 32 normal subjects, all of them natives and
      residents of Mexico city (altitude of 2,240 meters) and we compared them with
      those reported at sea level. The slope of both, the ventilatory and P 0.1
      responses to CO2 was found to be similar to that reported at sea level; 4.52 +/-
      1.29 L. min. mmHg and 0.07 +/- 0.01 cm H2O/mmHg respectively. The crossing over
      of such responses, however, is shifted to the left of the reported at sea level.
      This means higher levels of both ventilation and P 0.1, for the same level of end
      tidal PCO2, at high altitude. This finding might be explained in the basis of the
      so-called "acclimatization to hypocapnea".

PMID- 6437352
TI  - Progressive augmentation of locomotor activity in mice by long-term treatment
      with thyrotropin releasing hormone.
AB  - The effect of daily administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on
      exploratory behavior (ambulation) was investigated in mice. TRH administered
      subcutaneously (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) exerted a biphasic action on locomotion, that
      is, an increase followed by a subsequent decrease. This TRH-induced
      hyperlocomotion was inhibited by a small dose of apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.),
      a dopamine receptor agonist, but was conversely increased by a small dose of
      haloperidol (0.02 mg/kg, s.c.). Following administration of TRH (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.)
      for 21 successive days, the stimulatory effect on locomotion progressively
      increased whereas the inhibitory effect decreased, the hyperlocomotion continuing
      at a later period. At this time, the stimulatory effect of apomorphine (1 mg/kg,
      s.c.) on locomotion tended to decrease but that of methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg,
      s.c.), a catecholamine releaser, was potentiated. The present results suggest
      that the long-term, daily administration of TRH enhances exploratory behavior of
      mice, presumably by increasing the synthesis and release of dopamine.

PMID- 6437353
TI  - Influence of hyperosmolarity on induced contractions of arterial smooth muscle in
      vitro.
AB  - The influence of short-time incubation in hyperosmolar sugar solutions on the
      contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle was examined using isolated rings
      of rabbit ear arteries. Hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) did not alter the resting
      tone. Bolus administration of 0.1 mM Ca++ along with norepinephrine to vessels
      incubated in Ca++-free medium induced biphasic responses. Potassium chloride (KCl
      30 mM) produced tonic contractile responses. Administration of hyperosmotic
      mannitol (50 mM) for 5 min significantly inhibited contractile responses to
      norepinephrine and KCl. Pretreatment with hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) for 30
      min significantly inhibited cumulative dose-response curves to Ca++ in 60 mM KCl
      depolarizing solution. Exposure to a K+-free medium for 2 to 3 hr induced
      contractions even in the presence of phentolamine (2.65 X 10(-6) M) and addition
      of hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) further enhanced these contractions instead of
      inhibiting them in these vessels. Moreover, hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM),
      sucrose (50 mM) and raffinose (50 mM) also induced contractions in arterial
      muscles incubated in K+-free medium at resting tension. Hypertonic mannitol (50
      mM) enhanced contractile responses to ouabain in muscles which had been stored at
      2 degrees C for 10 days but inhibited ouabain-induced responses in fresh arteries
      even in the presence of phentolamine. These experiments indicate that
      hyperosmolarity inhibits vascular reactivity to some agonists possibly by
      inhibiting excitation-contraction coupling; however, under certain conditions,
      i.e. after blockade of the sodium pump by K+-free solution or by ouabain,
      hyperosmolarity may actually induce vascular contractions.

PMID- 6437354
TI  - Amyloidosis in multiple myeloma or without apparent cause.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with primary amyloidosis (AL) either due to multiple myeloma
      or without apparent cause were studied. The most common manifestations were
      carpal tunnel syndrome and nephrosis. Rectal biopsy specimens showed amyloid
      infiltrates in 65% (15 of 23) of the patients studied, but virtually all biopsies
      of normal skin were negative. lambda Light chains were present in 75% (21 of 28)
      of patients with a monoclonal gammopathy. The median survival time was 14 months
      after histologic diagnosis, following a median delay of seven months from the
      recognition of disease by a physician. An earlier diagnosis would have been
      possible in most of the patients if the initial findings of amyloidosis had been
      recognized and evaluated definitively. The prognosis remains poor, because
      effective therapy is not available.

PMID- 6437355
TI  - Pulmonary dysfunction in 'freebase' cocaine users.
AB  - Of 19 consecutive smokers of cocaine, "freebase" cocaine users, admitted to a
      chemical dependence program, 12 (63%) had respiratory symptoms and ten (58%)
      noted dyspnea. Abnormalities of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity were also seen
      in ten of the subjects, although responses to steady-state exercise testing were
      normal in subjects undergoing exercise. We believe that freebase cocaine use
      frequently produces pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities that appear after
      relatively brief periods of abuse. These abnormalities may persist after
      cessation of freebase cocaine use. A history of this form of drug abuse should be
      sought when evaluating patients with appropriate symptoms or abnormalities of
      diffusing capacity.

PMID- 6437356
TI  - Colonoscopy in asymptomatic individuals with a family history of colorectal
      cancer.
AB  - A prevalence screening program with colonoscopy was undertaken in four kindreds
      manifesting the cancer family syndrome. Forty-five percent of counseled patients
      underwent colonoscopy, providing 42 asymptomatic individuals. Seven patients
      (17%) were found to have adenomatous or villous polyps; two of these were
      malignant and one showed epithelial atypia. Three of the seven patients with
      polyps had multiple lesions. Only two patients had rectosigmoid polyps. From
      these limited data, colonoscopy is recommended as a useful screening procedure in
      individuals at high risk for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 6437357
TI  - Acute renal failure following massive mannitol infusion. Appropriate response of
      tubuloglomerular feedback?
AB  - Two patients suffered reversible acute oligoanuric renal failure following
      massive mannitol infusion (400 to 900 g/day) given as treatment for intracranial
      hypertension. We believe this to be a previously unreported complication. Both
      patients had normal renal function before therapy. Serum creatinine level rose to
      7.4 mg/dL (654 mumole/L) in patient 1 and to 2.7 mg/dL (238 mumole/L) in patient
      2. Measured and calculated serum osmolality were 362 and 301 mOsm/kg,
      respectively, in patient 1 and 333 and 220 mOsm/kg, respectively, in patient 2.
      Other causes of renal failure were excluded. We postulate that the mannitol
      induced increase in solute delivery to the macula densa may have triggered an
      intense tubuloglomerular feedback response resulting in a marked fall in
      glomerular filtration rate. Alternatively, mannitol infusion may have caused
      tubular cell swelling with luminal obstruction.

PMID- 6437358
TI  - Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to essential amino acid hyperalimentation.
AB  - Hyperammonemic associated encephalopathy developed in an adult receiving
      essential amino acids. Evidence that her encephalopathy was related to her
      hyperammonemia included (1) elevated CSF glutamine and serum ammonia levels, (2)
      the absence of any other drug or metabolic cause of encephalopathy, and (3)
      resolution of her encephalopathy and abnormal ammonia levels with discontinuation
      of the hyperalimentation. The serum ammonia levels of patients receiving
      essential amino acid fluid should be monitored. If the levels remain elevated or
      if toxicity develops, consideration should be given to switching to an alternate
      fluid.

PMID- 6437359
TI  - Bicarbonate or CO2?

PMID- 6437360
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of small peptides as a nitrogen source in
      enteral nutrition (I). Nutritional usefulness following massive small bowel
      resection in the rat].

PMID- 6437361
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of small peptides as a nitrogen source in
      enteral nutrition (II). Clinical application of T-330 and a comparative study
      with Elental].

PMID- 6437362
TI  - [Behavior of PaO2 after intravenous administration of reproterol in subjects with
      chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy].

PMID- 6437363
TI  - [Involvement of the lung in Recklinghausen's multiple neurofibromatosis
      (description of a case)].

PMID- 6437364
TI  - [Benign unilateral testicular hypertrophy beginning at puberty].
AB  - Two normal boys, with no previous history, were referred at the onset of puberty
      for unilateral testicular hypertrophy. Radiological and biological
      investigations, and in one case testicular biopsy, ruled out cellular
      proliferation or tumor. Except for FSH level slightly above normal in one case,
      no endocrine abnormality was found. This is a rare, and probably non pathologic
      event.

PMID- 6437365
TI  - Costs and benefits of two doses of fluphenazine.
AB  - The relative costs and benefits of low- and conventional-dose neuroleptic
      maintenance therapy were evaluated in a double-blind comparison of 5 and 25 mg of
      fluphenazine decanoate administered every two weeks. Subjects were 50 patients
      fulfilling DSM-III criteria for schizophrenic disorder who had been successfully
      maintained with 25 mg or less of fluphenazine decanoate. A one-year survival
      analysis disclosed that there were no statistically significant differences
      between the two doses insofar as preventing relapse. Patients receiving the
      higher dose appeared to feel more uncomfortable, as indicated by higher scores on
      subscales of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90. In addition, patients receiving
      the higher dose had higher side-effect scores. These findings suggest that a
      substantial proportion of patients who are presently maintained with 25 mg or
      less of fluphenazine decanoate every two weeks will do just as well with as
      little as 5 mg.

PMID- 6437366
TI  - Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective
      disorders. Report of the NIMH Collaborative Study Group comparing lithium
      carbonate, imipramine, and a lithium carbonate-imipramine combination.
AB  - In a double-blind, long-term follow-up study, 117 bipolar patients received
      lithium carbonate, imipramine hydrochloride, or both and 150 unipolar patients
      received lithium carbonate, imipramine, both lithium carbonate and imipramine, or
      placebo. With bipolar patients, lithium carbonate and the combination treatment
      were superior to imipramine in preventing manic recurrences and were as effective
      as imipramine in preventing manic recurrences and were as effective as imipramine
      in preventing depressive episodes. The combination treatment provided no
      advantage over lithium carbonate alone. With unipolar patients, imipramine and
      the combination treatment were more effective than lithium carbonate and placebo
      in preventing depressive recurrences. The combination treatment provided no
      advantage over imipramine alone. The lithium carbonate-treated group had fewer
      manic episodes than the other groups. Treatment outcome, which was evaluated
      primarily in terms of the occurrence of major depression or manic episodes, was
      significantly related to characteristics of the index episode, ie, the episode
      that brought the patient into the study.

PMID- 6437367
TI  - [10 years' use of ftorafur in tumor chemotherapy at the Robert Rossle Institute.
      A retrospective analysis from the clinical-toxologic point of view].
AB  - A retrospective analysis from the clinical-toxicological point of view Within a
      ten-year period a group of 130 patients treated with Ftorafur (FT) was selected
      randomly and 124 of these patients were evaluated with regard to therapeutic side
      effects using objective criterions. FT founded to be a therapeutic effective
      cytostatic drug with only a low level of therapeutic side effects. So FT seems to
      be combinable with more toxic cytostatics without additional serious toxicity for
      non-tumor tissues. The peroral FT-application was followed only by low graded
      side effects in comparison with a higher incidence after intravenous injection or
      infusion. Most observed FT side effects were: nausea and vomiting, toxic effects
      on the hematopoetic system and alopecia. No serious neurotoxic effects were
      observed.

PMID- 6437368
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of chronic lymphatic leukemia and leukemic non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma with the monoclonal antibodies BL-Ig-L/1, BL-DR/1 and BL-T2].
AB  - 3 self made monoclonal antibodies are tested with the indirect immunofluorescence
      method for the immunologic diagnostic of the circulating lymphocytes from 24
      chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and 14 leukaemic Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
      patients. In comparison, investigations were done with various specific rabbit
      antibody F(ab)2 fragments and antisera. The monoclonal antibody BL-Ig-L/1, which
      is directed to the human Ig L-chains, marked the neoplastic lymphocytes from 12
      of 24 CLL and from 9 of 14 leukaemic NHL as membrane Ig+. The monoclonal antibody
      BL-DR/1, which reacts with a HLA-DR, binds to the blood lymphocytes of 23 CLL and
      11 NHL patients. By this BL-DR/1 is superior to BL-Ig-L/1 for the immunologic
      diagnostic of the non-T-cell neoplasia. The with normal peripheral T-cells
      reactive monoclonal antibody BL-T2 reacts with malignant B lymphocytes on an
      equal scale as BL-DR/1. It is not qualified for the differentiation of malignant
      blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 6437369
TI  - Monitoring treatment of pulmonary carcinomas by serial determination of monoamine
      oxidase and diamine oxidase in blood serum.
AB  - We investigated monoamine oxidase (MAO--E.C. 1.4.3.4.) and diamine oxidase (DAO-
      E. C. 1.4.3.6.) in the serum of patients with lung cancer, treated with chemo-
      and radiotherapy. These enzyme activities were determined with tyramine and
      putrescine as substrates. The MAO activities of serum and DAO serum increased
      notably in some cases of lung cancer. These results are discussed in light of the
      postulated role of this enzyme in cell division and in the tumor development
      process.

PMID- 6437370
TI  - A scoring scale for symptom evaluation after ankle fracture.
AB  - A scoring system for evaluating symptoms after ankle fractures is presented. It
      is tested against (1) a linear analogue scale; (2) the limitation in range of
      motion in loaded dorsal extension; (3) the presence of osteoarthritis; and (4)
      the presence of dislocations on radiographs. It correlates well with these four
      parameters, which are considered to summarize the results after this type of
      injury, and is therefore considered to assess the symptoms in an objective way.
      The scoring system is recommended for scientific investigations, as even minor
      subjective differences in disability experienced by the patient are significantly
      separated. The use of this system will simplify the comparison of results
      presented by different authors.

PMID- 6437371
TI  - Absorption of glucose solutions from the peritoneal cavity in rabbits.
AB  - Complications created by the long-term administration of intravenous total-bowel
      parenteral nutrition solutions and the observed high transfer rate of solutes
      across the peritoneum during long-term peritoneal dialysis suggested that glucose
      absorption from the peritoneal cavity could be evaluated as a technique for
      providing nutritional support. We performed peritoneal dialysis on 55 rabbits
      using dextrose solutions. Infusion every two hours with different concentrations
      of dextrose solutions (in 18 rabbits) showed a direct correlation of glucose
      absorption with the dextrose concentration in the peritoneal fluid. Varying the
      duration of peritoneal fluid infusion showed (in 28 rabbits) that the maximal
      glucose disappearance from the peritoneal cavity and the maximum increase in
      serum glucose occur within two hours. Varying the volume of dialysate with each
      exchange (in 14 rabbits) showed a direct correlation between glucose absorption
      and increased fluid volumes. Resection of the omentum or 40% to 60% of the small
      intestine (in 11 rabbits) caused only a 6.5% to 14% decrease in glucose
      absorption compared with normal rabbits.

PMID- 6437372
TI  - Amelioration of metabolic complications of conventional total parenteral
      nutrition. A prospective randomized study.
AB  - The most common metabolic complications of total parenteral nutrition (TPN),
      glucose intolerance and abnormal liver function, can be significantly reduced
      when 30% of the glucose calories are replaced by fat. We gave 88 patients either
      conventional TPN (CON-TPN, 25% dextrose and 4.25% amino acids) or modified TPN
      (MOD-TPN, 15% dextrose, fat, and 5% amino acids). The treatment groups were as
      follows: group A, no surgery with TPN only; group B, postoperative TPN; and group
      C, preoperative and postoperative TPN. Serial blood samples were analyzed for
      glucose, albumin, triglycerides, and insulin, and for liver function values. Nine
      patients manifested hyperglycemia and were removed from the study; seven patients
      had received CON-TPN and two had received MOD-TPN. In group A, the insulin level
      rose 50% less with MOD-TPN. There was a 50% smaller rise in the triglyceride,
      SGOT, and SGPT levels in patients who received MOD-TPN. Replacing one third of
      the TPN glucose calories with fat leads to better glucose tolerance and fewer
      hepatic complications.

PMID- 6437373
TI  - Feeding gastrostomy for the severely burned patient.
AB  - Twenty-two patients underwent feeding gastrostomy. Their ages ranged from 17 to
      76 years. Their burn injuries were extensive, ranging from 31% to 88% total body
      surface area, with a mean of 60%. Nine gastrostomies were done through intact
      unburned skin, 12 were done through the burn wound itself, and one was done
      through a split-thickness skin graft donor site. No evidence of intraperitoneal
      or wound infection was observed. No intraoperative and only three postoperative
      complications were encountered. One patient had a wound dehiscence while in the
      hospital. Following discharge from the hospital, two other patients manifested
      incisional hernias. Initially, we were reluctant to consider this operative
      procedure for our patients because of anticipated intra-abdominal and wound
      complications. In view of our experience thus far, however, we are now more
      confident of the procedure.

PMID- 6437374
TI  - Outcome and cost of prolonged stay in the surgical intensive care unit.
AB  - We retrospectively studied 50 surgical patients who required more than 14 days of
      care in the intensive care unit (ICU) in terms of the admission diagnosis, reason
      for extended stay, complications, cost, therapeutic intervention scores,
      mortality, and quality of life after discharge. The morbidity, mortality, and
      cost were extraordinary. Survival varied inversely with the therapeutic
      intervention scores. The ICU and one-year mortalities were 46.0% and 74.5%,
      respectively. The quality of life following discharge was generally poor.
      Increased mortality was associated with the following criteria: multiple-organ
      failure, age, sepsis, cancer, the combination of infection and failure of a major
      organ system, the requirement for a tracheostomy for prolonged respiratory
      support, and the requirement for hemodialysis for renal failure. In light of the
      escalating demand and cost of ICU care, it is advisable to identify those factors
      that determine whether these patients will benefit from intensive care, to
      develop strategies that are cognizant of the prognosis and the cost at the outset
      of care.

PMID- 6437375
TI  - [15N-labeled lysine in colostomized laying hens. 5. 15N incorporation into blood
      fractions and the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - In the metabolism experiment three colostomized laying hens received, together
      with a commercial ration of 120 g, 0,2% 15N-labelled L-lysine with an atom-% 15N
      excess (15N') of 48%; subsequently the same ration was fed over a period of 4
      days with 0.2% unlabelled L-lysine. After the end of the experiment the hens were
      slaughtered. The atom-% 15N' was determined in total, in the lysine, histidine
      and arginine N in the corpuscles, the plasma, the NPN-fraction of the blood in
      the stomachs, the small intestine, the caecum and the rectum. 15N' in the
      corpuscles was 0.11 atom-%, in the blood plasma 0.17 atom-%, in the NPN-fraction
      of the blood 0.09 atom-%, in the tissue of the gastro-intestinal tract 0.11 atom
      % and in its contents 0,12 atom-%. On average the blood contained per hen 77.9%
      lysine-15N', 16.4% arginine-15N' and 5.7% histidine-15N' of the basic amino acid
      15N'. For the gastro-intestinal tract 78.7% lysine-15N', 19.0% arginine-15N' and
      2.3% histidine-15N' of the 15N' of the basic amino acids were ascertained. In
      comparison to histidine the alpha-amino-N of lysine is incorporated to a
      considerably higher degree into arginine. For lysine and arginine the atom-% 15N'
      in the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract for days after the end of the
      supplementation of labelled lysine is between 8 and 10 times higher than in the
      feces of the last day of the experiment. This indicates a considerable secretion
      of the two amino acids in the gastro-intestinal tract and their re-absorption to
      a large extent.

PMID- 6437376
TI  - Comparative studies on distribution and covalent tissue binding of 2,4,2',4'- and
      3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl isomers in the rat.
AB  - The 14C-labeled tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) isomers 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
      (2,4,2',4'-TCB) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3,4,3'4'-TCB) were
      administered orally to rats, and distribution and covalent binding were measured
      in several organs. Marked differences in distribution and covalent binding of the
      two TCBs were observed. The accumulation and retention of 2,4,2',4'-TCB in
      adipose tissue were much higher than those of 3,4,3',4'-TCB, although the level
      of radioactivity in the blood was consistently higher in 3,4,3',4'-TCB treated
      rats. The radioactivity bound in covalent linkages with cellular macromolecules
      in several tissues was also measured. The data obtained indicated that covalent
      binding was higher in 3,4,3',4'-TCB treated rats than in those treated with
      2,4,2',4'-TCB, particularly in liver and blood components. These results suggest
      that the two TCB isomers have different pharmacokinetic properties in rats, and
      the association of covalent binding with 3,4,3',4'-TCB-induced toxicities might
      be important. In addition, we found that repeated oral dosing with the two TCB
      isomers caused an increase in in vitro liver microsomal generation of reactive
      metabolites of TCBs, indicating that the microsomal enzyme system is likely to
      play an important role in the in vivo covalent binding of TCB.

PMID- 6437377
TI  - Sites of reaction of glutaraldehyde and acetaldehyde with nucleosides.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde, a dialdehyde, was reacted with ribonucleosides and
      deoxyribonucleosides and the products were purified by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). Multiple reaction products were identified with cytosine-
      and purine-containing nucleosides. The products were labile, but spectroscopic
      evidence indicated that exocyclic amino groups were involved. Similar reactions
      were seen with acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, monofunctional aldehydes. After
      reduction, one of the acetaldehyde-guanosine adducts was assigned the structure
      N2-ethylguanosine.

PMID- 6437378
TI  - Sustained viremia in experimental hamster scrapie. Brief report.
AB  - After an intraperitoneal injection of scrapie agent into hamsters, a viremic
      phase is maintained from day 10 to at least day 40 post infection. Infectivity
      can be detected in the brain as early as 5-10 days after inoculation.

PMID- 6437379
TI  - The late functions of Drosophila sigma virus.
AB  - Several criteria can be used to characterize the temperature-sensitive mutants of
      sigma virus: the lability of infectious centers initiated by the efficient viral
      particles following the inoculation; the localization of the temperature
      sensitive period; the hereditary transmission of infection in a maternal
      Drosophila line at high temperature; the evolution of the CO2 sensitivity symptom
      and of the viral titer per fly for hereditarily infected flies kept at a
      permissive temperature and shifted to a restrictive one. Experimental data
      concerning the last two criteria are shown and discussed here. From all the
      criteria, three classes of ts mutants can be defined: the first class (prototype
      ts4) are the mutants blocked in hereditary transmission at high temperature.
      These mutants are affected during the whole viral cycle but the viral maturation
      is not directly affected. The second class (ts9, haP27) are the mutants directly
      affected in viral maturation. For these latter, the hereditary transmission in a
      maternal line is efficient at high temperature, and only a late temperature
      sensitive period is observed. The third class (prototype haP7) are the mutants
      for which only an early temperature-sensitive period is observed. In fact, for
      these mutants, the viral information is strongly heat-sensitive at the beginning
      of viral cycle. This defect is rapidly corrected, and the hereditary
      transmission, late viral functions and viral maturation are as efficient as those
      of wild type virus, at high temperature. Using temperature-sensitive mutants
      similar to the wild type virus at permissive temperature, a formal description of
      the viral cycle at 20 degrees C in the standard flies can be obtained. The long
      period necessary to perform an entire viral cycle (about 60 hours) is a result of
      the restrictive action on late viral functions at 20 degrees C of the Oe allele
      of the ref(3)O host gene present in the standard flies.

PMID- 6437380
TI  - Absorbed carbon dioxide as control of the quality of soda lime and of closed
      circuit isolating breathing apparatus.

PMID- 6437381
TI  - [Pharyngo-esophageal time in Chagas esophageal disease].
AB  - The pharyngoesophageal time, the time interval between the peak pharyngeal
      pressure and the peak esophageal pressure ten centimeters apart, after wet
      deglutitions, was measured in 50 controls and 37 chagasic patients. The time was
      2.90 +/- 0.64 seconds in controls and 3.69 +/- 1.32 seconds in chagasics (P less
      than 0.01). In Chagas' disease the esophagus shows a delay in contraction
      produced by wet deglutitions.

PMID- 6437382
TI  - [Plasma levels of antiepileptic agents in the treatment of epilepsy].
AB  - From a total of 560 different epileptics visited during 16 months, we have
      practiced 140 plasmatic dosifications of antiepileptic drugs according to EMIT
      technic. The antiepileptic drugs studied were: PB, DPH, PRM, VPA, CBZ and ESM. In
      this study only the 70 patients treated with PB in monotherapy or combined with
      DPH, CBZ, VPA and PRM are considered. From the 70 patients, 45 have been
      controlled; from them 21 (46,5%) did not reach efficient levels from anyone of
      the used antiepileptics. From the 70 patients 25 have been partially or bad
      controlled, 20 of them (80%) had PB in efficient levels, 13 (52%) had the other
      antiepileptic in efficient levels, 12 (47%) had both antiepileptics in efficient
      levels and 4 (16%) had no antiepileptic drug in efficient levels in spite of
      using the efficient dose in mg/Kg/day. The conclusions of this results are: we
      reached a good effect by using PB alone or combined under the considered
      efficient levels in a 46.5% of the patients; the bad controlled patients, kept on
      being bad controlled in spite of having 80% of them PB, the other antiepileptic
      or both in efficient levels.

PMID- 6437383
TI  - [Hemiballism treated with valproic acid: report of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of hemiballismus caused by a vascular lesion are presented. The
      patients had been on treatment for hypertension and diabetes mellitus for many
      years. The involuntary movement were completely subsided about one week after a
      valproic acid trial. The role of hyperglycemia in the appearing of hemiballism or
      even a spontaneous recovery are also considered.

PMID- 6437384
TI  - Supernumerary teeth in anthropoid primates and models of tooth development.
AB  - Supernumerary teeth are usually regarded as de-novo structures that result from
      abnormal development by the splitting of a tooth germ. The notions of abnormal
      and de novo appear to be applicable in only one instance, the morphological
      dental twin. All other types of supernumerary deciduous teeth can be explained by
      either a progress zone or an interstitial budding model of tooth differentiation.
      The development of extra structures as well as the loss of normally-present teeth
      can be explained by differences in potential within the context of normal
      development.

PMID- 6437385
TI  - On the possible role of prostaglandin E2 in intestinal stasis in the gastric
      brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus.
AB  - Responses of isolated intestinal preparations from the anurans Bufo marinus and
      Limnodynastes tasmaniensis to various agents have been studied, as models for the
      intestinal stasis reported in the rare gastric brooding frog, Rheobatrachus
      silus. It is inferred from the responses that the preparations possessed
      excitatory muscarinic and histamine receptors and inhibitory adrenergic
      receptors, conforming to the typical vertebrate pattern. The circular muscle was
      unresponsive to prostaglandin E2, whereas longitudinal muscle relaxed to
      prostaglandin E2. Some of the longitudinal preparations exhibited a biphasic
      response to arachidonic acid, i.e. contraction followed by relaxation.
      Indomethacin prevented the relaxation phase, indicating that the intestine
      synthesised a prostaglandin E-like substance from arachidonic acid. These results
      draw attention to the possibility that PGE2 may be responsible for the intestinal
      stasis associated with gastric brooding in the gastric brooding frog.

PMID- 6437386
TI  - Endocrinology of ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Understanding of the endocrinology of in vitro fertilization has advanced rapidly
      in the past 5 years. Despite a multitude of ovarian stimulation regimens a
      particular regimen has not demonstrated a marked superiority. In principle the
      achievement of high FSH levels during the early follicular phase to recruit a
      maximum number of follicles with a tolerable degree of asynchrony for final
      maturation is confined to a limited time span or 'FSH window' of about 3 to 4
      days before negative E2 feedback induces below-threshold FSH levels, thereby
      condemning all subsequent follicles in that cycle to atresia. It appears that one
      can widen and/or amplify the 'FSH window' too far from gross hyperstimulation
      resulting in the recruitment of many follicles with an intolerable degree of
      asynchrony. This may lead to a defective endocrine environment for the oocytes
      contained within these follicles or an abnormal luteal environment and an
      increased frequency of fertilization, cleavage and implantation failure.
      Whichever regimen is used, the stimulation should ideally be sufficient to
      promote the development of at least 3 follicles beyond 18mm diameter at the time
      of OPU. This can be expected to result in at least 2 embryos to be available for
      transfer. Monitoring of follicular response by a combination of E2 and ultrasonic
      parameters is recommended so that the administration of HCG is given close to the
      anticipated endogenous rise of LH. This can be achieved by detecting a reduction
      in the rate of E2 rise (to plateau).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437387
TI  - Structural homology between Drosophila melanogaster and Escherichia coli acidic
      ribosomal proteins.
AB  - Antibodies raised against Drosophila melanogaster ribosomal proteins (r-proteins)
      were used to examine possible structural relationships between eukaryotic and
      prokaryotic r-proteins. The antisera were raised against either groups of r
      proteins or individually purified r-proteins. Two antisera showed a cross
      reaction with total Escherichia coli r-proteins in Ouchterlony double
      immunodiffusion assays: an antiserum against the D. melanogaster small subunit
      protein S14 (anti-S14) and an antiserum against a group of D. melanogaster r
      proteins (anti-TP80). The specificity of the antisera and the identity of the
      homologous E. coli r-proteins were characterized by using immunooverlay and
      immunoblot assays. These assays indicated that anti-S14 was highly specific for
      protein S14 and anti-TP80 was a multispecific serum that recognized several of
      the D. melanogaster ribosomal proteins. The E. coli protein homologous to D.
      melanogaster protein S14 was identified as E. coli protein S6. By adsorption of
      the anti-TP80 serum, we determined that D. melanogaster protein 7/8 is homologous
      to the acidic E. coli protein L7/L12. D. melanogaster acidic protein 13 was also
      shown to be immunologically related to D. melanogaster protein 7/8.

PMID- 6437388
TI  - The inhibition of platelet cyclo-oxygenase by aspirin is associated with the
      acetylation of a 72kDa polypeptide in the intracellular membranes.
AB  - Previous studies by Roth & Majerus [J. Clin. Invest. (1975) 56, 624-632] showed
      that exposure of platelets to [acetyl-14C]aspirin resulted in the radioactive
      labelling of three polypeptides, two of which were in the cytosol and not
      saturable, whilst the third was located in particulate material, and was
      saturated at 30 microM-aspirin. By using high voltage free flow electrophoresis
      to separate a platelet mixed membrane fraction into highly purified surface and
      intracellular membrane subfractions, we have confirmed that the major polypeptide
      acetylated after exposing whole platelets to [acetyl-14C]aspirin is almost
      exclusively associated with intracellular membrane structures. We have shown
      previously that these intracellular membranes are the major site for prostanoid
      biosynthesis [Carey, Menashi & Crawford (1982) Biochem. J. 204, 847-851] and in
      the present study the extent of the radioactive labelling correlated well with
      inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase activity in these intracellular membranes. In
      sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the [14C]acetylated
      component, which appears to be a dimer, migrates with a mobility corresponding to
      72kDa. Although cyclo-oxygenase is inhibited, there is no discernible radioactive
      labelling when the platelets are exposed to aromatic-ring-labelled [14C]aspirin.
      We suggest that the site or sites for aspirin acetylation and cyclo-oxygenase
      activity are structurally associated in the platelet's intracellular membranes
      referred to by electron microscopists as the dense tubular membrane system.

PMID- 6437389
TI  - Chymopapain. Chromatographic purification and immunological characterization.
AB  - Chymopapain (EC 3.4.22.6) was purified from commercially available spray-dried
      latex of papaya (Carica papaya) fruit by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and fast protein
      chromatography on the Mono S cation-exchange column. Multiple forms of
      chymopapain separated chromatographically were shown to be immunologically
      identical. A major form was isolated and found to be homogeneous by several
      criteria, and fully active, and its N-terminal amino acid was identified as
      tyrosine. Latex from fresh unripe papaya fruit contained predominantly one form
      of chymopapain, and it is concluded that chymopapain is a single enzyme distinct
      from the other cysteine proteinases of C. papaya latex.

PMID- 6437390
TI  - Selective inhibition of proteoglycan and hyaluronate synthesis in chondrocyte
      cultures by cyclofenil diphenol, a non-steroidal weak oestrogen.
AB  - Cyclofenil diphenol, a weak non-steroidal oestrogen, binds to albumin. In the
      presence of concentrations of albumin just sufficient to keep cyclofenil diphenol
      in solution, the compound inhibited the synthesis of [35S]proteoglycans,
      [3H]glycoproteins, [3H]hyaluronate and [3H]proteins in primary cultures of
      chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma in a dose-dependent manner. When
      excess albumin was present, conditions were found (90 micrograms of cyclofenil
      diphenol and 4 mg of albumin per ml of culture medium) which completely inhibited
      [35S]proteoglycan and [3H]hyaluronate synthesis but had little effect on
      [3H]protein or [3H]glycoprotein synthesis. The time of onset of inhibition of
      [35S]proteoglycan synthesis by cyclofenil diphenol was very rapid (t1/2 less than
      25 min) and incompatible with an action mediated through suppression of
      proteoglycan core protein synthesis. Cyclofenil diphenol inhibited the synthesis
      of [35S]chondroitin sulphate chains onto p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside in the
      cultures. Cyclofenil diphenol had little effect on the secretion from
      chondrocytes of [35S]proteoglycans synthesized immediately prior to treatment.
      Chondrocyte cultures treated with cyclofenil diphenol recovered their
      biosynthetic activities almost completely within 3 h of removing the compound
      from the culture medium. Cyclofenil diphenol had a similar inhibitory action on
      the synthesis of [35S]proteoglycans in secondary cultures of human dermal
      fibroblasts from both normal subjects and patients with systemic sclerosis. It is
      proposed that cyclofenil diphenol inhibits the synthesis of [35S]proteoglycans by
      interfering with the formation of the glycosaminoglycan side chains of these
      molecules in the Golgi apparatus of cells. The action may be due to disturbance
      of Golgi membrane organization by the compound.

PMID- 6437391
TI  - The AH-site of plasminogen and two C-terminal fragments. A weak lysine-binding
      site preferring ligands not carrying a free carboxylate function.
AB  - Glu-plasminogen [native plasminogen (Glu-1-Asn-790)], Lys-plasminogen [plasmin
      cleaved fragment of plasminogen (Lys-77-Asn-790)] and miniplasminogen [fragment
      of plasminogen (Val-440-Asn-790)] were all found to interact specifically with
      immobilized 6-aminohexyl ligands. The interactions apparently are mediated by a
      single weak lysine-binding site, termed the AH-site, as seen from the patterns of
      inhibition obtained from frontal-quantitative-affinity-chromatography experiments
      with 6-aminohexanoic acid and alpha-N-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester as competing
      ligands. The AH-site, in contrast with the strong lysine-binding site of Glu
      plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen, may prefer ligands not carrying a free
      carboxylate function and therefore may interact with lysine side chains of
      proteins. In Glu-plasminogen the AH-site is present, but is apparently only
      partially free to react. It is suggested that it participates in an
      intramolecular complex and that an equilibrium state between two Glu-plasminogen
      forms exists. It is further suggested that binding of the plasminogens to fibrin
      is mainly determined by the AH-site.

PMID- 6437392
TI  - Radioassay of UDP-glucuronyltransferase-catalysed formation of bilirubin
      monoglucuronides and bilirubin diglucuronide in liver microsomes.
AB  - A radioassay for specific determination of the rates of UDP-glucuronic acid
      dependent conversion of bilirubin into the two isomeric (C-8, C-12) bilirubin
      monoglucuronides and bilirubin diglucuronide is described and illustrated by its
      application to rat liver microsomes. The method is based on measurement of the
      relative amounts of radiolabel in unesterified bilirubin and its mono- and di
      esterified reaction products after incubation with [14C]bilirubin as substrate.
      This analysis is performed by the alkaline-methanolysis procedure, combined with
      one of two t.l.c. systems developed in order to enhance the sensitivity, accuracy
      and precision of the radioassay. Results for rates of total bilirubin glucuronide
      formation obtained with the new assay and the standard enzyme assay based on the
      ethyl anthranilate diazo-method were identical. However, the sensitivity of the
      latter technique is approx. 10-fold lower than that of the radioassay.

PMID- 6437393
TI  - The application of the extracellular base excess to children.
AB  - The Base Excess of the Extracellular Fluid (BE-ecf) is the most complete model of
      acid-base physiology. It has gained considerable acceptance for use in adults as
      an index of the metabolic component of an acute acid-base disturbance. Several
      other commonly used indices were compared to the BE-ecf. The values of the Base
      Excess of Blood, Plasma Bicarbonate, Standard Bicarbonate, and T40-Bicarbonate
      differed significantly from the BE-ecf in 11.4, 6.3, 12.5, and 1.1% of samples,
      respectively. These differences are considered to be errors since the nonlinear
      relationship of the variables makes it difficult to clinically accommodate them.
      The standard (adult) form of the BE-ecf calculation overestimated the base excess
      by 1 meq/liter in 44.8% and by 2 meq/liter or more in 6.1% of samples from
      neonates and infants when compared to a form of the calculation which was
      individually adjusted based on the weight and hemoglobin concentration of each
      subject. Since it is no more difficult to make these corrections than to ignore
      them, if the BE-ecf is to be used in neonates and infants the correction should
      be applied.

PMID- 6437394
TI  - A micromethod for the assay of aldose reductase, its application to pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - A micromethod for the assay of aldose reductase is described. The method, which
      is based on the fluorometric measurement of the NADP+ formed when an aldose is
      converted to its corresponding polyol, was applied to lens and pancreatic islet
      crude homogenates, as well as semipurified lens aldose reductase. The
      fluorometric method has proved to be reproducible, more rapid, and more sensitive
      than the classical spectrophotometric procedure, and should find ready
      application in the screening of potential aldose reductase inhibitors.

PMID- 6437395
TI  - The role of interferon-gamma in induction of differentiation of human myeloid
      leukemia cell lines, ML-1 and HL-60.
AB  - Highly purified natural interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced differentiation
      having characteristics that are associated with the human promyelocytic leukemia
      cell line, HL-60. Monoclonal antibody to INF-gamma neutralized its activity.
      However, the natural IFN-gamma had almost no inducing activity in ML-1, a human
      myeloblastic leukemia cell line. Similar results were obtained using recombinant
      IFN-gamma. Mitogen stimulated human leukocyte conditioned medium (LCM) induced
      differentiation of both ML-1 and HL-60 cells. After treatment of LCM with
      monoclonal antibody to IFN-gamma, LCM activity was reduced more than 50% in ML-1
      cells, and 80% in HL-60 cells. Even if IFN-gamma was eliminated from LCM by
      affinity chromatography, the LCM induced differentiation of ML-1 and HL-60 cells,
      but IFN-gamma markedly enhanced the ML-1 cell differentiation induced by IFN
      gamma free LCM. The results suggest that leukocytes produce differentiation
      inducing factor(s) other than IFN-gamma, and that IFN-gamma is both an inducer
      and an enhancer of induction of human myelogenous leukemia cells.

PMID- 6437396
TI  - NADPH-cytochrome c reductases of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c is catalyzed both by microsomes and the
      cytosolic fraction isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi homogenates. About one-third
      of the activity is microsomal and two-thirds is cytosolic. The microsomal
      activity is increased by Lubrol and sodium cholate, but pretreatment with
      phenobarbital has negligible effect. On the other hand, detergents do not affect
      the cytosolic activity but it is increased by phenobarbital. From these
      observations, it is concluded that the NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c
      by microsomes and the cytosol corresponds to two distinct enzymes. The cytosolic
      enzyme has been purified to a single SDS-PAGE band of about 53,000 da and
      partially characterized.

PMID- 6437397
TI  - Isolation of the covalent binary complex of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate and
      thymidylate synthetase by trichloroacetic acid precipitation.
AB  - Strong chemical evidence for the existence of a covalent binary complex between 5
      fluorodeoxyuridylate and thymidylate synthetase was provided by the isolation of
      the complex by trichloroacetic acid precipitation. This result together with that
      of a control experiment with N-ethymaleimide inactivated thymidylate synthetase
      demonstrated that only nucleotide covalently bound to the protein survived
      repeated washings of the precipitate. Under the conditions used, a maximum
      binding stoichiometry of about 0.9 was obtained for the covalent binary complex,
      Kd = 1.1 X 10(-5) M. Also, a binding ratio of 1.7 was obtained for the
      methylenetetrahydrofolate-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-thymidylate synthetase ternary
      complex.

PMID- 6437398
TI  - Rat renal medulla possess high capacity to catabolize prostaglandins.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 is converted to 15-keto-13,14 dihydro prostaglandin E2,15-keto
      prostaglandin F2 alpha and 15-keto-13,14 dihydro prostaglandin F2 alpha, by
      supernatants from rat kidney medulla. The main pathway for prostaglandin E2
      inactivation is the combined action of 15 hydroxy dehydrogenase and delta 13
      reductase enzymes. 9-Keto-reductase route constitutes a minor pathway.
      Prostaglandin F2 alpha is converted into 15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, 15-keto
      13, 14 dihydro prostaglandin F2 alpha and 15-keto-dihydro prostaglandin E2.
      Enzyme activities are time and substrate-concentration dependent. In the presence
      of an excess of substrate, rat renal medulla inactivates 40 and 56 times more
      prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha, respectively, than the amount which
      is released under basal conditions. These results are in contrast to the
      generally accepted concept that the kidney cortex is the sole site of renal
      prostaglandin catabolism, and suggest, for the first time, that rat renal medulla
      may be a key site for the modulation of prostaglandin levels in the kidney.

PMID- 6437399
TI  - Changes of aldolase A and B messenger RNA levels in rat liver during azo-dye
      induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - The expression of aldolase A and B mRNAs during azo-dye-induced carcinogenesis in
      rat liver was examined. After feeding the dye for 18 weeks, the level of aldolase
      A mRNA increased to about 11 times that in a normal liver, with the concomitant
      decrease of aldolase B mRNA level to about 25% of that in a normal liver. These
      changes did not occur progressively during the carcinogenesis, but occurred as an
      additional phase after 4 week-feeding of the azo-dye. At this stage, the levels
      of aldolase A and B mRNAs were about 7 times and 45% of that in a normal liver,
      respectively. This biphasic pattern in the aldolase isozyme expression in the azo
      dye-fed rat liver is discussed together with the kinetic data of the enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 6437400
TI  - Induction of the ethanol-inducible form of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P
      450 by inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 LMeb was purified from liver microsomes obtained from rabbits
      treated with either benzene or imidazole and was shown to have identical N
      terminal amino acid sequence as that of cytochrome P-450 LM3a. The amino acid
      compositions of the proteins were indistinguishable. Quantitation of P-450 LMeb
      in various types of microsomes using radial immunodiffusion, revealed that
      pyrazole- or imidazole-treatment of the animals caused a 2-3-fold induction of
      the enzyme, accompanied by 2-3-fold increases of the rates of ethanol and aniline
      oxidation.

PMID- 6437401
TI  - Cooxidation of 13-cis-retinoic acid by prostaglandin H synthase.
AB  - Cooxidative metabolism of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-CIS) via prostaglandin H
      synthase was investigated employing ram seminal vesicle microsomes. Oxidation of
      13-CIS utilizing H2O2, 13-hydroperoxy-9-cis-11-trans-octadecadienoic acid (13-OOH
      18:2), or 1-hydroperoxy-5-phenyl-4-pentene was detected by measurement of O2
      incorporation. UV spectroscopy and HPLC of extracted incubation mixtures
      demonstrated that 13-CIS was metabolized to oxidized derivatives. Similar
      spectral changes and HPLC profiles were obtained with H2O2, 13-OOH-18:2, or
      arachidonic acid as substrates. 4-Hydroxy-13-cis-retinoic acid and all trans
      retinoic acid were products of cooxidation as well as other polar metabolites.
      Oxidation was inhibited by the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole and the spin
      trap, nitrosobenzene. These results indicate that 13-cis-retinoic acid is
      cooxidized by prostaglandin H synthase and suggest a free radical mechanism
      resembling that of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6437402
TI  - Proteolysis of band 3 is enhanced by anti-Rho(D) binding to the red cell
      membrane.
AB  - Surface radioiodinated human red cells were incubated with IgG fractions and the
      radioelectrophoretic profile of the ghost membranes determined. The patterns of
      RhO(D)-negative membranes exposed to anti-RhO(D) IgG and RhO(D)-positive
      membranes exposed to non-immune IgG fractions remained intact. Membranes of
      RhO(D)-positive membranes following incubation with anti-RhO(D) IgG showed a
      sharp reduction in the quantity of intact band 3, the main glycoprotein of the
      red cell membrane. This process was significantly abrogated in the presence of
      protease inhibitors. The results suggest a possible role for IgG binding in
      promoting the generation of band 3-derived fragments described by others as
      normal constituents of isolated ghosts.

PMID- 6437403
TI  - The realm of the steady state in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Only at cell concentrations of less than 10(7)/ml are E. coli in steady state as
      defined by three intrinsic properties: mean cell diameter, cellular specific
      gravity and the concentration of beta-galactosidase per cell. Such concentrations
      are below the range of turbidimetry.

PMID- 6437404
TI  - Paf-acether formation and arachidonic acid freeing from platelet ether-linked
      glyceryl-phosphorylcholine.
AB  - Ether-linked glyceryl-phosphorylcholines (GPC) are potential precursors for paf
      acether biosynthesis. We show that such phospholipids are present in rabbit
      platelets in sufficient amounts to insure lyso paf-acether and paf-acether
      formation. Indeed, upon stimulation, platelets formed lyso paf-acether and paf
      acether in amounts representing 10% and 0.2% of the total amounts of ether-linked
      GPC. Following preincubation with [3H]paf-acether, ether-linked GPC labelled at
      position 1 of the glycerol were detected in platelets. They were hydrolysed, and
      gave birth to lyso paf-acether upon platelet activation. Platelet ether-linked
      GPC labelled at position 2 with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) were also hydrolyzed
      under the same experimental conditions. These data indicate that in rabbit
      platelets these phospholipids are precursors for paf-acether and AA, two
      mediators of platelet activation.

PMID- 6437405
TI  - Arachidonic acid-dependent cooxidation. A potential pathway for the activation of
      chemical carcinogens in vivo.

PMID- 6437406
TI  - Effects of sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA) on
      carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in liver and muscle.
AB  - In isolated rat hepatocytes, rates of gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis and oleate
      oxidation to CO2 were measured at various concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and
      oleate in the presence or absence of sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl]oxirane
      2-carboxylate (POCA). With increasing lactate and pyruvate concentrations, but
      constant oleate concentration, oleate oxidation to CO2, concomitantly to
      gluconeogenesis, was accelerated, whereas ketogenesis was decreased. In the
      presence of POCA, rates of gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis and oleate oxidation to
      CO2 were diminished; the concentrations for half-maximal inhibition were in the
      micromolar range for all metabolic processes studied. When octanoate was present
      instead of oleate, the inhibitory effect of POCA on gluconeogenesis was reduced
      and that of ketogenesis was nearly abolished, suggesting that POCA specifically
      inhibits the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. In addition, the oxidation of
      glucose and oleate was studied in isolated rat diaphragms. POCA inhibits the
      oxidation to CO2 of long-chain fatty acids also in muscle tissue; the
      concentration for half-maximal effect, however, was about one order of magnitude
      higher than in liver. Concomitantly, glucose oxidation was enhanced by POCA
      indicating a shift in the substrate preference of energy-yielding metabolism.

PMID- 6437407
TI  - Metabolism of [14C]carbon tetrachloride to exhaled, excreted and bound
      metabolites. Dose-response, time-course and pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Fasted male rats were given six doses of 14CCl4 ranging from non-hepatotoxic (0.1
      mmole/kg) to severely hepatotoxic (26 mmoles/kg). Time-course and
      pharmacokinetics of CCl4, 14CO2 and CHCl3 elimination by exhalation were
      monitored by measuring amounts recovered in breath during discrete 15-min
      intervals for 8-12 hr. Amounts of 14C-labeled metabolite recovered bound to liver
      macromolecules at 24 hr and excreted in urine or feces for 24 hr were also
      determined. Comparison pharmacokinetic studies were done with 14CHCl3 and
      Na(2)14CO3. After all doses of 14CCl4, the major metabolite was CO2, twenty to
      thirty times less metabolite was recovered bound to liver macromolecules, and
      intermediate amounts of metabolite were excreted in urine and feces. CHCl3 was
      the least abundant metabolite at low CCl4 doses, but the second most abundant at
      high doses. Stronger associations were found between the magnitude of liver
      injury at 24 hr (quantitated as serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity)
      and the extent or rate of CCl4 metabolism by pathways leading to CO2 and CHCl3
      than by pathways leading to 14C-metabolites bound in liver or excreted in urine.
      Time-course and pharmacokinetic data indicated that a major pathway of CCl4
      metabolism leading to CO2 became impaired within 2 hr after administration of
      hepatotoxic doses of CCl4.

PMID- 6437408
TI  - Effects of clonidine, piperoxane and locus coeruleus lesion on the serotonergic
      and dopaminergic systems in raphe and caudate nucleus.
AB  - To assess the influences of central noradrenergic neurons on both serotonergic
      and dopaminergic systems, the neurochemical effects of clonidine, piperoxane, and
      6-hydroxydopamine were examined. Using quantitative fluorescence histochemistry
      and high performance liquid chromatography, we have demonstrated that clonidine,
      much like apomorphine, preferentially augmented intracellular serotonin (5-HT)
      fluorescence in the dorsal raphe without affecting 5-HT cells in the median raphe
      nucleus. Clonidine also produced a significant decrease of extraperikaryal
      catecholamine (CA) fluorescence in the same region. Piperoxane, at a dose having
      no significant effect alone, antagonized the effects of clonidine on 5-HT and CA.
      6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the locus coeruleus produced a similar increase of 5
      HT fluorescence in the dorsal raphe and decrease of CA fluorescence in both the
      dorsal and median raphe. Biochemically, clonidine decreased while piperoxane
      increased a measure of 5-HT turnover in the corresponding terminal region of the
      dorsal raphe, the striatum. Similarly, dopamine turnover was also decreased by
      clonidine and increased by piperoxane in the striatum. These effects may be
      mediated by noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus to both the dorsal
      raphe and the substantia nigra. These results support the hypothesis that the
      effects of clonidine on serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons are indirectly
      mediated through noradrenergic receptor stimulation.

PMID- 6437409
TI  - Effects of mitomycin C on metabolism in a rat liver preparation.
AB  - Quinone drugs are used extensively as anti-neoplastic agents. The mechanism of
      their actions and the reasons for their unfavorable side effects are not well
      understood. Mitomycin C (MC) is an N-heterocyclic quinone with chemotherapeutic
      action against solid tumors. Previous research has led to the development of a
      model for drug activation involving NADPH reduction of the drug via microsomal
      mixed-function oxidases. We tested the possibility that NADPH is provided from
      the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS). The MC did indeed increase HMPS activity
      aerobically, while not affecting Kreb's cycle activity. Anaerobic stimulation of
      the shunt is also predicted by the model. However, under hypoxic conditions no
      HMPS or Kreb's activity was observed in MC-treated or untreated samples. Other
      investigators have documented the involvement of reactive oxygen species in
      microsomal systems in vitro. The oxygen requirement for MC stimulation of HMPS
      suggests oxygen radical involvement. We carried out experiments using [14C]
      formate as a scavenger for hydrogen peroxide. There was no apparent change in
      H2O2 production when MC was added. Catalase is known to be involved in peroxide
      metabolism in vivo; however, addition of the catalase inhibitor sodium azide did
      not alter endogenous or MC-stimulated shunt activity. The microsomal inhibitor
      SKF-525A (10(-3) M) prevented MC stimulation of the HMPS, which is consistent
      with the model implicating microsomal enzymes in MC metabolism. Overall, we have
      shown the oxygen dependence of endogenous and MC-stimulated shunt activity, and
      the results provide evidence for MC activation of oxidative metabolism by a
      mechanism which involves microsomes.

PMID- 6437410
TI  - The hydroxylation, dechlorination, and glucuronidation of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl
      (4-DCB) by human hepatic microsomes.
AB  - Since chlorine placement and the degree of chlorination of the biphenyl nucleus
      play an important role in the metabolism and ultimate elimination of
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), we have studied the metabolism of 4,4'
      dichlorobiphenyl (4-DCB) by human hepatic microsomes. This low molecular weight
      PCB congener is substituted at the preferred site of metabolism (para-position).
      4-DCB was metabolized by human microsomes with a Km of 0.43 microM and a Vmax of
      1.2 pmoles/mg microsomal protein/min. Six metabolites were identified: 4,4'
      dichloro-3,3'-biphenyldiol, 4'-chloro-3-biphenylol, 4'-chloro-4-biphenylol, 4,4'
      dichloro-2-biphenylol, 4,4'-dichloro-3-biphenylol (most abundant), and 3,4'
      dichloro-4-biphenylol. [14C]-4-DCB equivalents were found to covalently bind to
      microsomal protein. Addition of a 1 mM concentration of reduced glutathione
      decreased the degree of covalent binding. These data suggest that human
      microsomes metabolize this PCB through an arene oxide and that an "NIH shift"
      occurs. When UDPGA was added to the incubation, human microsomal
      glucuronosyltransferase catalyzed the formation of the glucuronide of the major
      metabolite, 4,4'-dichloro-3-biphenylol. These and previous in vitro results show
      that the biotransformation of PCBs by humans is governed by the same principles
      established for the in vivo biotransformation of PCBs by the rat, mouse and
      monkey. That is, PCBs without two adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms are poorly
      metabolized and that an unsubstituted para-position facilitates metabolism.

PMID- 6437411
TI  - [NMR study of the spatial structure of the Naja naja siamensis toxin 3].
AB  - The 300 and 500 MHz 1H NMR spectra of a long-chain neurotoxin, toxin 3 Naja naja
      siamensis (S-T3), its derivatives and close homolog, toxin 3 Naja naja naja (N
      T3), have been analyzed. A combination of double resonance, difference
      spectroscopy and usage of a series of toxin S-T3 derivatives acetylated or
      trifluoroacetylated at lysine residues allowed to assign the signals from all
      aromatic protons and a number of signals in the aliphatic region, and to
      elucidate the microenvironment of certain functionally important residues.
      Analysis of chemical shifts pH-dependences in the 1H and 19F NMR spectra of toxin
      S-T3 and its trifluoroacetylated congeners delineated a considerable region of
      the neurotoxin molecule affected by the conformational transition, with the
      midpoint at pH 5,4, between two states. This conformational transition is induced
      by protonation of His22 and is accompanied by a change in the accessibility of
      its imidazole ring for the solvent, along with the alteration of the distance
      between the side chains of functionally important Lys27 and Lys53 residues.
      According to EPR data (-196 degrees) for the respective S-T3 derivative having
      spin labels at Lys27 and Lys53 epsilon-amino groups, the inter-label distance
      increases from 18 A at pH 7,5 to 23 A at pH 3,5. Notwithstanding this
      conformational change, the totality of the obtained results evidences in favor of
      considerable similarity of the toxin S-T3 spatial structure in the solution and
      crystalline state.

PMID- 6437412
TI  - Anticollagen antibodies and immune response gene products in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Circulating antibodies to native and denatured types I and II human and bovine
      collagens were assayed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patients with
      other rheumatic diseases, and normal individuals. A subgroup of this population
      was also assayed for reactivity with typing reagents which detect determinants
      (MT and HLA-DR) present in human immune response gene products. The mean titers
      of antibodies to each collagen tested were not significantly higher in RA
      patients when compared with patients who had other rheumatic diseases. Although
      both MT3 and MT4 were significantly associated with RA, there was no significant
      association between the anticollagen antibodies and any MT type or HLA-DR4. These
      studies raise a question concerning the role of collagen antibodies in the
      pathogenesis of RA and suggest that genes distinct from those coding for HLA-DR
      may play a role in the expression of the disease.

PMID- 6437413
TI  - Cytotoxic anti-T cell antibodies in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The object of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of anti-T cell
      antibodies in 66 children with various connective tissue diseases. Anti-T cell
      antibodies were found in 43/44 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients (mean
      cytotoxicity 15.0%) and in 10/10 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean
      cytotoxicity 20.0%), but in only 1/15 normal controls and in none of 12 children
      with other arthritides. There was no significant difference in mean percent
      cytotoxicity among the JRA subclasses. In the JRA patients, the percent
      cytotoxicity was positively correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P
      = 0.01), but not with the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear
      antibodies, or immune complexes. The sera of 3 JRA patients repeatedly inhibited
      the stimulation of normal lymphocytes by mitogens and antigens by 47-99%
      (measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA) when added to the
      culture system in the first 24 hours; normal sera did not. Sera from patients
      with JRA have increased reactivity with mitogen-activated lymphocytes and T cells
      compared with unstimulated cells as determined by flow cytometry. The expression
      of the "JRA antigen" requires protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis or cell
      division. We conclude that the majority of patients with active JRA have
      cytotoxic anti-T cell antibodies and that in selected patients, these antibodies
      may play a role in regulation of the immune response.

PMID- 6437414
TI  - Effects of trapidil and nitroglycerin on coronary circulation in conscious dogs.
AB  - Effects of trapidil and nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate) on coronary blood
      flow or epicardial coronary diameter were studied in conscious dogs, instrumented
      with a Doppler flow probe or a pair of ultrasonic dimension crystals on the left
      circumflex coronary artery. Bolus intravenous injections of trapidil (0.5, 1.0
      and 2.0 mg/kg i.v.) increased coronary blood flow, dose-dependently, such being
      comparable at the peak value seen with nitroglycerin (5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg
      i.v.). Coronary blood flow following the intravenous administration of trapidil
      or nitroglycerin increased biphasically and returned to pre-drug levels in 1.4 +/
      0.2 min (trapidil 1 mg/kg i.v.) or 1.0 +/- 0.1 min (nitroglycerin 10
      micrograms/kg i.v.), while the mean coronary diameter increased monophasically
      and approached the control level 5 min after drug administration. The first peak
      was observed before the maximal decrease in aortic pressure and the second peak
      was associated with concomitant increases in heart rate and myocardial
      contractility induced by a sudden hypotension. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, did
      not modify the initial peak but attenuated markedly the second peak (P less than
      0.05) in case of trapidil (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) or nitroglycerin (10 micrograms/kg
      i.v.), which corresponded with reduced changes in reflex tachycardia and positive
      inotropism. Therefore, the direct effects of trapidil and nitroglycerin on
      coronary circulation of conscious dogs are an initial transient dilatation of the
      resistance vessels followed by a continuation of the dilatation of the
      conductance coronary vessels.

PMID- 6437415
TI  - [Comparative protein chemistry studies on Factor VIII concentrates].
AB  - Large amounts of Factor VIII concentrates are required for the treatment of
      haemophiliacs. Two batches each of nine commercial preparations were examined for
      their in vitro properties. The parameters studied were Factor VIII coagulation
      activity (F VIII: C), ristocetin cofactor activity (F VIII R: CoF), the Factor
      VIII antigen content (F VIII R: Ag), fibrinogen, fibronectin and immunoglobulins.
      The preparations were also tested to determine their hepatitis A and B marker
      content. In none of the investigated concentrates compared to the data given by
      the manufacturers was a marked F VIII: C deficit. All the preparations showed
      higher values for F VIII R: Ag than for F VIII: C. Factor VIII concentrate HS was
      the only concentrate in which the fibrinogen concentration was below the
      detection limit and only small amounts of fibronectin and immunoglobulins were
      detected. In two of the nine preparations tested possible contamination with
      hepatitis B viruses was more or less ruled out by means of hepatitis serology.

PMID- 6437416
TI  - [Combination therapy with carbamazepine and valproic acid in problem cases at an
      outpatient epilepsy clinic].
AB  - A total of 64 problem patients with epilepsy (42 retrospective evaluations, 22
      prospective cases) was treated with the combination of carbamazepine and valproic
      acid. Most frequent seizure types were tonic clonic (focal origin or primarily
      generalized), complex partial ones, and absences. Best results were observed in
      patients with tonic clonic seizures in contrast to complex partial ones. The
      pattern of adverse reactions (none of significant severity) was according to
      those of monotherapies with the compounds. In cases with relevant improvement
      serum levels of carbamazepine and valproic acid were within the range commonly
      described for monotherapies.

PMID- 6437417
TI  - Hypotriglyceridemic effects of levonorgestrel in rats.
AB  - The progestin, levonorgestrel administered orally to fed female rats
      significantly lowers both plasma total and very low density lipoprotein
      triglycerides. In contrast, plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol rose significantly. Suspensions of isolated hepatocytes were used to
      study the effects of levonorgestrel on triglyceride synthesis by examining the
      incorporation of labelled precursors [( 9,10- 3H]palmitate and [U-14C]glycerol)
      into triglycerides. Levonorgestrel (10(-4) M) significantly inhibited the
      incorporation of both precursors into hepatocyte triglycerides and also reduced
      their incorporation into the triglycerides (nearly all in d less than 1.006)
      released into the medium. These results suggest that inhibition of hepatic
      triglyceride synthesis and release can account at least for part of the lowering
      of plasma VLDL which occurs during administration of levonorgestrel.

PMID- 6437418
TI  - Effect of physical exercise on blood lipids and adipose tissue composition in
      young healthy men.
AB  - In a prospective, controlled study, the influence of strenuous physical exercise
      on plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, total
      triglycerides and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was studied during 7
      months of training in 15 senior oarsmen and 21 controls matched for age, smoking
      and drinking habits. Dietary intake was monitored. At the start of the study
      there were no differences in lipid parameters and adipose tissue composition
      between oarsmen and controls. A significant decrease in total cholesterol and
      total triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I was
      noted in the oarsmen after only 2 weeks of training. Body weight remained stable
      but skin-fold thickness decreased. Food consumption increased considerably but
      diet composition remained unchanged. Nevertheless the fatty acid pattern of
      adipose tissue changed significantly, as a result of altered preferential
      endogenous fatty acid synthesis and/or fatty acid oxidation. Since lipid
      parameters and adipose tissue composition were equal in oarsmen and controls
      before the start of the training, it is concluded that the changes induced by
      exercise only last for the duration of the training period.

PMID- 6437419
TI  - Leukocyte beta-glucosidase in a child with Gaucher's disease and his kinship.
AB  - Beta-glucosidase was determined in leukocyte homogenates of a male child with
      Gaucher's disease and members of his family. An important difference in enzyme
      activity was found in the heterozygous gene carriers; in one obligate
      heterozygote, the mother, a high residual enzyme capacity was detected. Various
      methods of enzyme determination using various substrates are recommended for the
      detection of the gene carrier condition.

PMID- 6437420
TI  - [Abnormal cerebral vessels in von Recklinghausen disease: report of two cases].

PMID- 6437421
TI  - Left ventricular platelet deposition after acute myocardial infarction. An
      attempt at quantification using blood pool subtracted indium-111 platelet
      scintigraphy.
AB  - Since indium-111 platelet scintigraphy for the detection of left ventricular
      thrombosis often shows considerable non-specific blood pool activity a
      subtraction method using simultaneous technetium-99m blood pool scintigraphy was
      undertaken in 11 subjects with well documented remote myocardial infarction, who
      served as positive or negative controls, and in 18 consecutive patients with
      acute myocardial infarction. The results were compared with those of cross
      sectional echocardiography. Thirteen patients had transmural myocardial
      infarction and the calculated count per pixel in the left ventricle of the
      subtracted indium-111 platelet scintigram was (mean (SD)) 0.28(0.35), but five
      patients with subendocardial myocardial infarction had a mean count of
      0.04(0.06). In seven patients with transmural myocardial infarction (two anterior
      and five inferior) left ventricular thrombosis was detected by indium-111
      platelet scintigraphy but in only one of these by cross sectional
      echocardiography. None of the patients with subendocardial myocardial infarction
      had left ventricular thrombosis. Subtracted left ventricular counts correlated
      well with the visual results. It is concluded that left ventricular platelet
      sequestration after acute myocardial infarction may be quantified and precisely
      located and that quantitative longitudinal studies of the natural history and
      drug intervention are now possible.

PMID- 6437422
TI  - Potential deleterious haemodynamic effects of glyceryl trinitrate on myocardial
      ischaemia in man.
AB  - The potential adverse effects of glyceryl trinitrate on myocardial ischaemia were
      studied using low and high dose infusions in 10 patients with coronary heart
      disease. Cardiac venous flow was measured by the thermodilution technique and
      blood was sampled for metabolic studies. Angina pectoris was provoked by atrial
      pacing before drug infusion and the same heart rate was regained with low and
      high doses of glyceryl trinitrate. Both doses reduced myocardial ischaemia
      equally. The low dose of glyceryl trinitrate reduced mean systolic aortic
      pressure from 145(23) to 128(23) mm Hg and the high dose further to 103(9) mm Hg.
      Myocardial oxygen uptake decreased owing to a combined reduction in preload and
      afterload with the low dose and was substantially more reduced with the high dose
      owing to a further afterload reduction. Transmural perfusion gradient did not
      change with the low dose of glyceryl trinitrate but fell significantly with the
      high dose. This fall in myocardial perfusion probably accounts for the lack of
      further reduction in ischaemia with the high dose. Thus the adverse effects of
      glyceryl trinitrate infusion are small and do not increase myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 6437423
TI  - Computer assistance in the control of depth of anaesthesia.
AB  - A control system was used to bring the tension of anaesthetic in the brain to any
      value specified (in MAC units) by the anaesthetist and then maintain it constant
      until a new value was specified. The control was applied to a volatile agent but
      allowance was automatically made for the anaesthetic effect of any nitrous oxide
      concomitantly administered by the anaesthetist. The inspired concentration
      required to achieve the desired brain tension was calculated from a model of the
      patient and set automatically on the vaporizer. The quantification of the model
      was matched to the patient on the basis mainly of body mass and periodic non
      invasive measurements of alveolar ventilation and cardiac output. In order to
      adapt the model to the patient an arterial blood sample was taken every 30 min to
      obtain the arterial tension of halothane for use as feedback. The system has been
      tested on eight Alsatian dogs. After omitting results affected by avoidable
      errors, the SD of the measured-to-computed arterial tension ratio was less than
      10%.

PMID- 6437424
TI  - Alcoholism: current concepts and implications for treatment.

PMID- 6437425
TI  - A proper use of Antabuse, the Danish model of treatment.

PMID- 6437426
TI  - Side-effects after Antabuse--myths or reality?

PMID- 6437427
TI  - The general practitioner's role in the detection of alcohol misuse in the
      community.

PMID- 6437428
TI  - Supervised Antabuse therapy.

PMID- 6437429
TI  - Immunoglobulin negative follicle centre cell lymphoma.
AB  - Immunoglobulin (Ig) could not be detected on the surface or in the cytoplasm of
      neoplastic cells from five cases of follicle centre cell lymphoma with
      centroblastic/centrocytic follicular histology when examined by immunohistology
      of frozen or wax embedded sections. Examination by fluorescein labelled
      antibodies of cells in suspensions prepared from the biopsies revealed a
      monotypic surface Ig positive population in one case and a surface or cytoplasmic
      Ig kappa:lambda light chain imbalance in a further two cases consistent with
      neoplastic B cell involvement: in all cases the proportion of cells failing to
      express Ig or T cell markers ranged from 24 to 75%. The monoclonal antibodies B1
      (Pan B cell), FMC4 (HLA class II) and J5 (cALL antigen) stained the majority of
      cells in suspension with residual cells staining with UCHT1 or OKT11 (T cell
      monoclonal antibodies). In frozen sections, neoplastic follicular cells did not
      stain with UCHT1. However, in the one case tested these cells stained with the
      antibodies B1 and FMC4. In paraffin sections J chain could be demonstrated in the
      cytoplasm of three out of five cases. Cells from four cases were cultured in
      vitro for Ig production: two failed to produce Ig and monotypic light chains were
      the sole Ig product of the remaining two cases. The failure to express Ig by the
      majority of the neoplastic cells from the cases described in this report is at
      variance with the follicular histology of these neoplasms. Mechanisms responsible
      for this failure are discussed with reference to current models of B cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 6437430
TI  - Comparison of mesna with forced diuresis to prevent cyclophosphamide induced
      haemorrhagic cystitis in marrow transplantation: a prospective randomised study.
AB  - A prospective randomised study was carried out to compare the effect of mesna (2
      mercaptoethane sulphonate sodium) with that of forced diuresis in preventing
      cyclophosphamide induced haemorrhagic cystitis in marrow transplant recipients.
      Sixty-one consecutive BMT recipients were randomised for treatment with forced
      diuresis or mesna. The incidence of macroscopic haematuria was significantly
      lower in the mesna treated group (chi 2 = 4.03, P less than 0.05). No specific
      side effects of mesna were detected. The lymphopenia induced by cyclophosphamide
      in the aplastic recipients was similar in the mesna and forced diuresis groups
      suggesting that mesna has no effect on the lymphocytotoxic activity of
      cyclophosphamide, although 6 out of 7 episodes of graft failure documented in the
      study occurred in mesna treated patients. As a result of this study our present
      policy is to use mesna in all BMT recipients but to continue careful
      documentation of the incidence of graft failure.

PMID- 6437431
TI  - Intravenous and hepatic arterial infusion of high dose mitomycin C with
      autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with tumour metastatic to the
      liver.

PMID- 6437432
TI  - Light chain isotype associated suppression of surface immunoglobulin expression
      on peripheral blood lymphocytes in myeloma during plateau phase.
AB  - Light chain isotype suppression in multiple myeloma has been reported in the
      plasma cells of the lamina propria of the gut (Leonard et al, 1979). In this
      paper we present further evidence of systemic suppression of the light chain
      isotype of the paraprotein expressed on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes in
      myeloma. Twenty patients with myeloma in plateau phase were monitored over 6
      months for the expression of either kappa or lambda light chains on the surface
      of peripheral blood lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies. The surface markers
      were analysed on an Ortho Spectrum III flow cytometer. Results of these studies
      indicate a selective suppression of the cells expressing the light chain isotype
      of the paraprotein in stable myeloma. Thus, in kappa myeloma there is a low
      kappa/lambda ratio and in lambda myeloma there is a high kappa/lambda ratio, and
      this suppression is lost with progressive disease.

PMID- 6437433
TI  - Permeability of the human placenta to bicarbonate: in-vitro perfusion studies.
AB  - The effect of maternal acidosis on fetal acid-base balance was studied in a dual
      circuit perfusion of a single cotyledon in normal, term, human placentas. Both
      the fetal and maternal (intervillous) circulations were perfused with a Krebs
      Ringer solution adjusted to pH values between 7.35 and 7.45. After a control
      period, the perfusate in the maternal circulation was replaced by an acidified
      medium (mean pH 7.06) for 30 min. This was followed by a second control period of
      30 min during which the acidified maternal perfusate was replaced with the
      original medium. During the 30 min of maternal acidosis, fetal vein pH was not
      significantly altered despite the large decrease in maternal artery pH, but there
      was an efflux of total CO2 (tCO2) from the placenta into the maternal circulation
      which was not matched by an influx of tCO2 from the fetal circulation. The tCO2
      transferred was in the form of bicarbonate rather than dissolved CO2, but the
      maximal rate of tCO2 transfer of in the form of bicarbonate was lower than the
      rate of placental transfer of tCO2 necessary in vivo. It is probable therefore
      that bicarbonate does not play a major role in placental CO2 transfer but the
      placental tissue bicarbonate pool may play an important part in buffering the
      fetus against changes in maternal pH or blood gas status.

PMID- 6437434
TI  - Fetal transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension during the second stage of labour.
AB  - Fifteen women were studied during the second stage of labour by measuring
      simultaneously fetal transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (Tc PCO2 and maternal
      end-expiratory PCO2. A linear increase of Tc PCO2 with time was observed,
      predominantly because of changing maternal respiration patterns. The degree of
      maternal hyperventilation had no adverse effect on the status of the newborn
      infant.

PMID- 6437435
TI  - Topical immunotherapy for pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits: use of
      antilipopolysaccharide plasma.
AB  - Pseudomonas keratitis is currently treated with antibiotics with a variable
      success rate. Part of the morbidity caused by pseudomonas is due to the action of
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present on the surface membrane of the bacteria.
      Specific IgG present in equine anti-LPS hyper-immune plasma has been found to
      bind to the LPS from a range of Gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas,
      and by activating complement it destroys these bacteria. Anti-LPS plasma was
      therefore used as a therapeutic agent in experimentally induced pseudomonas
      keratitis in rabbits. Thirteen out of 15 (86.7%) anti-LPS treated eyes improved,
      whereas four out of 17 (23.5%) saline treated control eyes improved (chi 2 =
      12.76 p less than 0.001) No ill effects were noted when anti-LPS was administered
      to healthy rabbit or baboon eyes. Anti-LPS thus was protective in pseudomonas
      keratitis, and clinical trials appear to be warranted.

PMID- 6437436
TI  - Digestibility of proteins of the histological components of cooked and raw rice.
AB  - The aleurone layer, grain coat and embryo which constitute rice bran are rich in
      vitamins, lipids, protein and lysine compared with the endosperm (milled rice). A
      method was developed to measure the in vitro protein digestibility of raw and
      cooked brown rice and their histological components. The protein digestibility of
      cooked endosperm by the in vitro method agreed with that of other workers using
      in vivo techniques. The protein digestibility of the aleurone layer and grain
      coat from raw rice was only 25% but increased to 65% from cooked rice, due to
      disruption of the cellulosic cell walls at 100 degrees, which was shown by
      electron microscopy. The decreased protein digestibility due to cooking was not
      the result of formation of epsilon-lysyl-gamma-glutamyl isopeptide cross-links,
      but may be due to formation of a cystine-rich core that is resistant to
      proteases. The protein digestibility of cooked brown rice was approximately the
      same as that of cooked milled rice, hence it is advantageous for those for whom
      rice is a staple food to consume brown rather than milled rice.

PMID- 6437437
TI  - The irreversible loss of alanine and of glycine in fetal and sucking lambs.
AB  - Estimates have been made of the irreversible loss of alanine and of glycine in
      chronically catheterized fetal lambs and in sucking lambs using [U-14C]-labelled
      radioisotopes. The experiments in the fetal lambs were carried out at least 5 d
      after implantation of catheters. The mean concentration of glycine in fetal
      femoral arterial blood between 102 and 129 d conceptual age was 755 mumol/l and
      this was not significantly different from that in maternal venous blood. The mean
      concentration of alanine in fetal femoral arterial blood during the same period
      of gestation was 229 mumol/l and this was significantly greater than that in
      maternal venous blood. Assuming a catenary model, the mean irreversible loss of
      glycine, determined using the single-injection technique, in three fetal lambs of
      107, 111 and 127 d conceptual age was 17 mumol/min per kg, whereas in two fetal
      lambs aged 106 and 109 d into which the isotope was infused continuously the mean
      irreversible loss, calculated from the specific activity of glycine 5 h after the
      start of infusion of the tracer ('pseudo plateau'), was 12 mumol/min per kg. In a
      sucking lamb, 9 d after birth, the irreversible loss of glycine was 11 mumol/min
      per kg. The mean irreversible loss of alanine, determined by the single-injection
      technique assuming a catenary model in five fetuses between 112 and 121 d
      conceptual age was 14 mumol/min per kg, and in two sucking lambs, 9 and 11 d
      after birth, it was 5.1 mumol/min per kg. When a two-pool model was assumed in
      which entry of metabolite was not directly into the sampling pool but was by way
      of the second pool, then the mean irreversible loss of glycine in the three
      fetuses was 23 mumol/min per kg and of alanine in the five fetuses was 32
      mumol/min per kg. Calculations based on the alternative two-pool model did not
      alter appreciably the rates of irreversible loss of either alanine or glycine in
      the sucking lambs. From a comparison of the specific activities of the amino
      acids and of carbon dioxide in blood during the course of the experiments, it was
      found that in the fetuses 0.96% of the CO2 present in blood was derived from
      alanine and only 0.12% was derived from glycine. It was calculated that not more
      than 1.6 mumol alanine/min per kg and 0.29 mumol glycine/min per kg could have
      been converted to CO2 in the fetal lambs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6437438
TI  - Reduction kinetics of purified rat liver cytochrome P-450. Evidence for a
      sequential reaction mechanism dependent on the hemoprotein spin state.
AB  - The anaerobic reduction kinetics of purified rat liver ferric cytochrome P-450
      from phenobarbital-treated rat liver microsomes, reconstituted with saturating
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, have been investigated and were shown not to be
      monophasic. From experiments correlating changes in the rate of fast-phase
      reduction with the spin state of the heme iron existing at preequilibrium, data
      were obtained consistent with a model for spin-state control of cytochrome P-450
      reduction wherein the high-spin form of the hemoprotein is more rapidly reduced
      than the low-spin form. In addition, the temperature dependence of the reduction
      process in the presence of the substrate benzphetamine was studied. From the
      results obtained it is suggested that the endothermic nature of the low- to high
      spin transition largely accounts for the apparent activation energy observed for
      the reduction of high-spin cytochrome P-450 being relatively temperature
      insensitive when compared to the rate constant for reduction of the membrane
      bound form of the hemoprotein.

PMID- 6437439
TI  - Gonadotropin modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      activity in desensitized luteinized rat ovary.
AB  - These studies were done to examine the effect of gonadotropin on rat luteal 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity (the rate
      limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis) in ovaries of pregnant mare's serum
      gonadotropin (PMSG)-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) primed rats.
      Administration of hCG stimulated HMG CoA reductase activity in a time- and dose
      dependent manner: significant increases were noted within 4 h, with maximum
      effects (30-40-fold increases) seen 24 h after hCG (25 IU) administration. This
      effect was specific in that only LH, of several hormones tested, was as effective
      as hCG in stimulating HMG CoA reductase activity, and no change in the activity
      of either liver microsomal HMG CoA reductase or luteal microsomal NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase was seen after hCG. The gonadotropin-induced increase in
      HMG CoA reductase activity seemed to be due to a net increase in enzyme activity,
      not to a change in the phosphorylated/dephosphorylated state of the enzyme.
      Pretreatment of animals with aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of the conversion of
      cholesterol to steroid (pregnenolone), prevented the hCG-induced rise in HMG CoA
      reductase activity, whereas treatment with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (4
      APP), which depletes cellular cholesterol content, led to striking increases in
      enzyme activity. However, the combined effects of 4-APP and hCG were additive,
      suggesting that the stimulating effect of hCG on HMG CoA reductase activity is
      not entirely due to a depletion of cellular sterol content of luteinized ovaries.
      Similarly, cholesteryl ester and cholesterol syntheses as measured by
      [14C]acetate conversion were also increased by hCG and 4-APP treatment.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437440
TI  - Amino group environments and metal binding properties of carbon-13 reductively
      methylated bovine alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - 13C NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the amino group environments and
      metal binding properties of 13C reductively methylated bovine alpha-lactalbumin.
      Bovine alpha-lactalbumin is a Ca2+ metalloprotein containing 12 lysyl amino
      groups and a free amino terminus. All 13 amino groups can be 13C-dimethylated
      without altering Ca2+ binding or biological activity. pH titrations (chemical
      shift vs. pH) of this dimethylated protein reveal unique behavior for each of the
      13 amino groups. The pKa values for the lysyl amino groups range from 9.1 to 10.8
      while the pKa for the N-terminal amino group is 8.3. This relatively high pKa (by
      1 pH unit) for the N-terminal supports its interaction in an ion pair as proposed
      by Warme et al. [Warme, P. K., Momany, F. A., Rumball, S. V., Tuttle, R. W., &
      Scheraga, H. A. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 768-782]. Carbon-13 NMR studies further
      show that the removal of Ca2+ from the high-affinity binding site results in a
      conformational change, with the disruption of the N-terminal ion pair interaction
      (pKa decreased to 7.4). The study of Zn2+ binding to Ca2+-saturated protein
      suggests that Zn2+ binds initially at a low-affinity Ca2+ site while maintaining
      the N-terminal ion pair interaction. The further addition of Zn2+ leads to the
      disruption of this ion pair forming a presumed apoprotein-like conformation.
      Finally on the basis of the specific effects of added Mn2+ on the 13C NMR spectra
      of the methylated protein, a low-affinity divalent metal binding site is proposed
      about 7.5 A from the amino terminus.

PMID- 6437441
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of the heavy-chain variable region from an A/J mouse
      antigen-nonbinding monoclonal antibody bearing the predominant arsonate idiotype.
AB  - The 1F6 hybridoma protein, exhibiting the predominant cross-reactive idiotype
      (CRI) associated with the immune response to p-azophenylarsonate in A/J mice but
      failing to bind the hapten arsonate, was elicited following immunization with rat
      anti-CRI [Wysocki, L.J., & Sato, V. (1981) Eur. J. Immunol. 11, 832-839]. The
      dissociation of idiotype and antigen binding in this hybridoma provides an
      opportunity to determine structural features involved in antigen binding and
      idiotypic sites. The complete heavy-chain variable region (VH) amino acid
      sequence was obtained by automated Edman degradation of the intact chain and
      fragments due to CNBr cleavage, trypsin digestion, mild acid hydrolysis, and
      carboxypeptidase A digestion of a CNBr fragment. Comparison of the CRI+ arsonate
      nonbinding 1F6 sequence with the CRI+ germ-line VH gene sequence reveals that the
      1F6 heavy chain differs from the germ-line-encoded amino acid sequence at seven
      positions within VH [Siekevitz, M., Gefter, M. L., Brodeur, P., Riblet, R., &
      Marshak-Rothstein, A. (1982) Eur. J. Immunol. 12, 1023-1032]. The 1F6 VH appears
      to arise from the CRI+ germ-line VH by somatic mutation at at least seven amino
      acid residues, each of which could be due to a single nucleotide base change. The
      diversity (D) gene-encoded segment of 1F6 is similar to that of the CRI+ antigen
      binding hybridoma 36-65 except for two amino acid substitutions. Further, the
      idiotype (CRI) is preserved despite use of a JH4 gene segment in 1F6 as compared
      to JH2 in all CRI+ arsonate-binding hybridomas examined to date.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437442
TI  - Multinuclear NMR characterization of two coexisting conformational states of the
      Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase-trimethoprim-NADP+ complex.
AB  - The complex of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase with trimethoprim and
      NADP+ exists in solution as a mixture of approximately equal amounts of two
      slowly interconverting conformational states [Gronenborn, A., Birdsall, B., Hyde,
      E. I., Roberts, G. C. K., Feeney, J., & Burgen, A. S. V. (1981) Mol. Pharmacol.
      20, 145]. These have now been further characterized by multinuclear NMR
      experiments, and a partial structural model has been proposed. 1H NMR spectra at
      500 MHz show that the environments of six of the seven histidine residues differ
      between the two conformations. The characteristic 1H and 31P chemical shifts of
      nuclei of the coenzyme in the two conformations of the complex are identical in
      analogous complexes formed with a number of trimethoprim analogues, indicating
      that the nature of the two conformations is the same in each case. The
      pyrophosphate 31P resonances have been assigned to the two conformations, and
      integration of the 31P spectrum shows that the ratio of conformation I to
      conformation II varies from 0.4 to 2.3 in the complexes with the various
      trimethoprim analogues, the ratio for the trimethoprim complex itself being 1.2.
      Transferred NOE experiments, together with the 1H and 13C chemical shifts,
      indicate that in conformation II of the complex the nicotinamide ring of the
      coenzyme has swung away from the enzyme surface into solution; this is made
      possible by changes in the conformation of the pyrophosphate moiety. In
      conformation I, by contrast, the nicotinamide ring remains bound to the enzyme.
      13C and 15N experiments show that trimethoprim is protonated on N1 in both
      conformations of the ternary complex. Analysis of the 1H chemical shifts of
      trimethoprim in terms of ring current effects shows that in conformation I of the
      ternary complex trimethoprim retains the same conformation as in its binary
      complex, but 13C, 15N, and 19F [using 2,4-diamino-5-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-fluoro
      benzyl)pyrimidine] experiments show that the environment of both the pyrimidine
      ring and benzyl ring is affected by the proximity of the coenzyme. Less
      information is available about the conformation of the inhibitor in conformation
      II of the complex, but its environment is similar to that in the binary enzyme
      inhibitor complex. The implications of the existence of these two conformations
      of the enzyme for understanding cooperativity in binding between NADP+ and
      trimethoprim are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6437443
TI  - Energetic adaptation of ligand binding to subunit structure of tryptophan
      synthase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The binding of indole and L-serine to the isolated alpha and beta 2 subunits and
      the native alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli
      was investigated by direct microcalorimetry to reveal the energetic adaptation of
      ligand binding to the subunit structure of a multienzyme complex. In contrast to
      the general finding that negative heat capacity changes are associated with
      ligand binding to proteins, complex formation of indole and the alpha subunit
      involves a small positive change in heat capacity. This unusual result was
      considered as being indicative of a loosening of the protein structure. Such an
      interpretation is in good agreement with results of chemical accessibility
      studies (Freedberg & Hardman, 1971). Whereas the thermodynamic parameters of
      indole binding are not influenced by the subunit interaction, the large negative
      change in heat capacity of -6.5 kJ/(K X mol of beta 2) measured for the binding
      of L-serine to the isolated beta 2 subunit disappears completely when serine
      interacts with the tetrameric complex. These data demonstrate that the energy
      transduction pattern and therefore the functional roles of the substrates indole
      and L-serine vary strongly with the subunit structure of tryptophan synthase.

PMID- 6437444
TI  - Kinetics and subunit interaction of the mannitol-specific enzyme II of the
      Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system.
AB  - Purified mannitol-specific enzyme II (EIImtl), in the presence of the detergent
      Lubrol, catalyzes the phosphorylation of mannitol from P-HPr via a classical ping
      pong mechanism involving the participation of a phosphorylated EIImtl
      intermediate. This intermediate has been demonstrated by using radioactive
      phosphoenolpyruvate. Upon addition of mannitol, at least 80% of the enzyme-bound
      phosphoryl groups can be converted to mannitol 1-phosphate. The EIImtl
      concentration dependence of the exchange reaction indicates that self-association
      is a prerequisite for catalytic activity. The self-association can be achieved by
      increasing the EIImtl concentration or at low concentrations of EIImtl by adding
      HPr or bovine serum albumin. The equilibrium is shifted toward the dissociated
      form by mannitol 1-phosphate, resulting in a mannitol 1-phosphate induced
      inhibition. Mannitol does not affect the association state of the enzyme. Both
      mannitol and mannitol 1-phosphate also act as classical substrate inhibitors. The
      apparent Ki of each compound, however, is approximately equal to its apparent Km,
      suggesting that mannitol and mannitol 1-phosphate bind at the same site on
      EIImtl. Due to strong inhibition provided by mannitol and mannitol 1-phosphate in
      the exchange reaction, the kinetics of this reaction cannot be used to determine
      whether the reaction proceeds via a ping-pong or an ordered reaction mechanism.

PMID- 6437445
TI  - Formation of a stable complex of thrombin and the secreted platelet protein
      glycoprotein G (thrombin-sensitive protein, thrombospondin) by thiol-disulfide
      exchange.
AB  - When 125I-labeled thrombin was incubated with washed human platelets or with the
      supernatant solution of activated platelets, it formed a NaDodSO4-stable complex
      of apparent mass greater than 450 000 daltons. Formation of the complex was
      temperature dependent; with 20 nM thrombin incubated with the supernatant
      solution of ionophore-activated platelets, the initial rate of formation of the
      stable complex was 1 nM thrombin/min at 37 degrees C, 50 times the rate at 22
      degrees C. Thrombin with all free amino groups methylated was still reactive.
      Active-site-blocked thrombin formed the complex only slowly. The complex that
      formed with active thrombin was not dissociated by hydroxylamine in urea.
      Reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol dissociated the complex, and its formation was
      blocked by the sulfhydryl-blocking agents iodoacetamide and 4,4'
      dithiodipyridine. The complex was thus unlike those of thrombin and alpha 2
      macroglobulin or antithrombin III, but it had characteristics of a disulfide
      linked complex. Of the secreted proteins, albumin and glycoprotein G adhered to
      an activated thiol-Sepharose column, indicating that they contained free thiol
      groups. Purified glycoprotein G and thrombin formed a complex similar to the
      complex formed when thrombin was incubated with the supernatant solution of
      activated platelets. The purified glycoprotein bound 2.6 mol of radioactive N
      ethylmaleimide/mol of protein, indicating three sulfhydryl groups per mole. After
      reacting with purified glycoprotein G, thrombin developed a new sulfhydryl group.
      It is concluded that glycoprotein G (thrombin-sensitive protein, thrombospondin)
      and thrombin form a dissociable complex that leads to a covalent complex by thiol
      disulfide exchange of a thiol group on glycoprotein G and a disulfide on
      thrombin.

PMID- 6437446
TI  - Antibody inhibition of ferripyochelin binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell
      envelopes.
AB  - A 14K molecular weight protein which has been shown to bind ferripyochelin has
      been purified from cell envelopes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa low iron grown cells.
      The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was shown to be free of contamination by
      lipopolysaccharide or carbohydrate. Antiserum to this protein was made in rabbits
      and was shown to react with the purified protein by immunoblot assay. The
      immunoglobulin G fraction of this antiserum blocked binding of [59Fe]pyochelin to
      isolated cell envelopes of P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent fashion.

PMID- 6437447
TI  - The stoichiometry of A23187- and X537A-mediated calcium ion transport across
      lipid bilayers.
AB  - Initial rates of ionophore-mediated Ca2+ transport across egg phosphatidylcholine
      bilayers of large unilamellar vesicles were measured using the absorbance change
      of arsenazo III at 650 nm as an indicator of Ca2+ translocation. A23187 induced
      the movement of Ca2+ in a 2:1 ionophore: Ca2+ complex, whereas its methyl ester
      (CH3A23187) and X537A mediated Ca2+ movement in a 1:1 ionophore: Ca2+ complex.
      The relative potencies of these ionophores in transporting Ca2+ across lipid
      membranes were A23187 much greater than X537A greater than CH3A23187.

PMID- 6437448
TI  - Hydrolysis of the synthetic chromophoric hexapeptide Leu-Ser-Phe(NO2)-Nle-Ala-Leu
      OMe catalyzed by bovine pepsin A. Dependence on pH and effect of enzyme
      phosphorylation level.
AB  - Steady-state kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of the chromophoric
      hexapeptide Leu-Ser-Phe(NO2)-Nle-Ala-Leu-OMe catalyzed by bovine gastricsin and
      pepsin A were determined. It was shown that the phosphate content of bovine
      pepsin A is without any significant effect on that parameters. At pH 4.7, the
      specificity constant (kcat/Km) was 2455 and 2150 mM-1 X s-1 for the most
      phosphorylated bovine pepsin A (2.58 phosphate groups per molecule), before and
      after treatment by potato acid phosphatase, respectively. The kcat/Km ratio found
      for bovine gastricsin (1314 mM-1 X s-1) was closer to that of bovine pepsin A
      than that previously reported for chymosin (25 mM-1 X s-1). The spectral
      properties of the chromophoric tripeptide Leu-Ser-Phe(NO2) in the pH range 1-3.6
      were investigated. We have shown that the hexapeptide hydrolysis could be
      followed by difference spectrophotometry at 295 nm (delta epsilon = -235 M-1 X cm
      1 at pH 1.0) thus allowing to study the effect of pH on bovine pepsin A activity
      in a pH range which could not be explored earlier. The pH-dependence of kcat/Km
      ratio of unphosphorylated bovine pepsin A indicated that enzyme activity was
      dependent upon the ionization of two groups of the enzyme whose pK are 1.2 and
      5.0. These pK values strongly suggest the involvement of two carboxyl groups
      probably corresponding to the two reactive aspartyl residues (Asp32 and Asp215)
      identified through active site-directed reagents for all the aspartic proteinases
      so far tested.

PMID- 6437449
TI  - Modification of actin with fluorescein isothiocyanate.
AB  - Reaction of rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin at pH 8.5 with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC) resulted in incorporation of up to 1.20 mol FITC/mol actin.
      At pH 8.8, the level of incorporation was raised to 1.98 mol FITC/mol actin. When
      excited with ultraviolet light, the FITC-actin samples fluoresced strongly with
      an emission maximum near 517 nm. Tryptic digests of FITC-actin containing about
      1.0 mol FITC/mol actin could be separated into a nonfluorescent 33.5 kDa trypsin
      resistant core protein and a fluorescent pool of small peptides. Chromatography
      on DEAE-Bio-Gel or two-dimensional separation on cellulose TLC plates of the
      peptide pool revealed that FITC was highly selective in the site of its reaction
      with actin, resulting in a single highly fluorescent peptide after tryptic
      digestion. NH2-terminal and amino acid analyses demonstrated this peptide to be
      derived from residues 51 to 62, with Lys-61 proposed as the major FITC-sensitive
      site on actin. FITC-actin is similar to G-actin in gross conformation; circular
      dichroism spectra of actin before and after labelling are identical. FITC-actin
      is also able to interact strongly with deoxyribonuclease I. However, FITC-actin
      solution viscosities and fluorescence properties are not altered by the addition
      of KCl or MgCl2. Therefore, either a localized conformational change near Lys-61
      or steric hindrance due to the FITC attached to Lys-61 blocks the polymerization
      of actin.

PMID- 6437450
TI  - Structural basis of the heterogeneity of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of a
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia immunoglobulin M.
AB  - The extent of glycans heterogeneity in a pathological human immunoglobulin M ZAJ
      has been studied on oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis from the purified
      glycoprotein. After reduction with NaB3H4, asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains
      were separated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose into
      oligomannosidic and N-acetyllactosaminic types. Glycans of the oligomannosidic
      type were further fractionated by HPLC and those of the N-acetyllactosamine type
      by preparative high-voltage electrophoresis. The primary structure of the main
      oligosaccharides was investigated on the basis of micro-methylation analysis,
      mass spectrometry and sequential exo-glycosidase digestion. Glycans of the
      oligomannosidic type varied in size from Man5GlcNAc2 to Man9GlcNAc2. N
      Acetyllactosaminic glycans were found of the biantennary, bisected-biantennary
      and triantennary types. They presented a higher degree of heterogeneity due to
      the presence of a variable number of NeuAc and fucose residues. The new
      structures we report here were in addition to the major biantennary one we
      previously described on the basis of methylation analysis and 500 MHz 1H-NMR
      spectroscopy (Cahour, A., Debeire, P., Hartmann, L., Montreuil, J., Van Halbeek,
      H. and Vliegenthart, J.F.G. (1984) FEBS Lett. 170, 343-349): NeuAc(alpha 2
      6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man(alpha 1-3)[Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-NAc(beta 1
      2)Man(alpha 1-6)]Man(beta 1-4)]Glc-NAc(beta 1-4) [Fuc(alpha 1-6)]GlcNAc.

PMID- 6437451
TI  - Alterations in 32P-labelled intermediates during flux activation of human
      platelet glycolysis.
AB  - Using a newly developed isotopic tracer technique for the measurement of 32P
      labelled intermediates in glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism in platelets, we
      studied the variations in 32P-labelled intermediates during activation of the
      glycolytic flux by cyanide and platelet-activating agents. The major variations
      occurred in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2, dihydroxy acetone phosphate, ATP and Pi. There was a
      quantitative covariance between the increase in lactate production and the rise
      in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2 induced by different platelet-activating agents. In contrast,
      cyanide induced weaker activation of the flux and greater accumulation of
      [32P]Fru-1,6-P2. Variations in 32P-labelled intermediates were apparent 5 s after
      flux activation, but the major changes in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2 occurred much later and
      fell in periods in which a constant lactate formation was maintained. The cyanide
      induced changes in 32P-labelled intermediates depended on the extracellular level
      of glucose, showing a predominant ATP----Pi conversion in glucose-depleted medium
      that shifted to an ATP----Fru-1,6-P2 conversion at excess glucose. At about 50
      microM glucose, flux activation occurred without major changes in [32P]Fru-1,6
      P2, dihydroxy acetone phosphate and Pi, with only a small fall in [32P]ATP. The
      data provide evidence for a role of the aldolase reaction in flux control and
      demonstrate rapid changes in Fru-1,6-P2 and ATP during flux activation with an
      additional role for Fru-1,6-P2 as an energy buffer during post-activation
      periods.

PMID- 6437452
TI  - Formation of glycine and aminoacetone from L-threonine by rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - Threonine is a precursor of glycine in the rat, but the metabolic pathway
      involved is unclear. To elucidate this pathway, the biosynthesis of glycine, and
      of aminoacetone, from L-threonine were studied in rat liver mitochondrial
      preparations of differing integrities. In the absence of added cofactors, intact
      mitochondria formed glycine and aminoacetone in approximately equal amounts from
      20 mM L-threonine, but exogenous NAD+ decreased and CoA increased the ratio of
      glycine to aminoacetone formed. In intact and freeze-thawed mitochondria, the
      ratio of glycine to aminoacetone formed was markedly sensitive to the
      concentration of L-threonine, glycine being the major product at low L-threonine
      concentrations. Disruption of mitochondrial integrity by sonication (1 min)
      decreased the ratio of glycine to aminoacetone formed, and in 20000 X g
      supernatant fractions from sonicated (3 min) mitochondria, aminoacetone was the
      major product. The main non-nitogenous two-carbon compound detected when intact
      mitochondria catabolized L-threonine to glycine was acetate, which was probably
      derived from deacylation of acetyl-CoA. These results suggest that glycine
      formation from L-threonine in rat liver mitochondria occurred primarily by the
      coupled activities of threonine dehydrogenase and 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate CoA
      ligase, the extent of coupling between the enzymes being dependent upon a close
      physical relationship and upon the flux through the dehydrogenase reaction. In
      vivo glycine synthesis would predominate, and aminoacetone would be a minor
      product.

PMID- 6437453
TI  - Carbamylcholine and thyrotropin activate distinctive pathways of protein
      phosphorylation in dog thyroid.
AB  - The role of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of thyroid function by
      carbamylcholine was investigated using dog thyroid slices incubated in the
      presence of [32P]phosphate and two-dimensional electrophoresis. In these intact
      cells, carbachol increased the phosphorylation of three polypeptides with Mr
      values of 21500, 24 000 and 29000. Maximal [32P]phosphate incorporation occurred
      within 5 min of addition of carbamylcholine and was still observed after 10 min
      of action of this agent. Incubation of dog thyroid slices with thyrotropin for 10
      min increased the phosphorylation of 11 polypeptides which were identical to
      those observed previously after 2 h of hormone action (Lecocq, R., Lamy, F. and
      Dumont, J.E. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 102, 147-152). All three polypeptides whose
      phosphorylation is increased by carbamylcholine were different from those whose
      phosphorylation is increased by thyrotropin. Under our experimental conditions,
      the calcium ionophore A23187 did not stimulate significantly [32P]phosphate
      incorporation in these three polypeptides. In conclusion, our results show that
      carbamylcholine and thyrotropin, which have some antagonist and some similar
      effects on dog thyroid, do not act through the phosphorylation of the same
      proteins. Although we have, in our previous paper, established that a rise in
      intracellular cyclic AMP could account for the effect of thyrotropin on protein
      phosphorylation, the nature of the intracellular mediator of carbamylcholine
      action on this parameter is still uncertain.

PMID- 6437454
TI  - [Catalytic activity of cytochrome P-448 in native and reconstituted microsomal
      membranes].
AB  - The dependence of oxidative activity of a microsomal monooxygenase system on the
      ratio of its constituent enzymes--cytochrome P-448 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase--was investigated. Two approaches for preparation of microsomal
      membranes with different contents of cytochrome P-448 were used, i. e., time
      dependent induction by 3-methylcholanthrene and reconstitution of microsomal
      membranes by self-assembly from a mixture of solubilized microsomes of intact and
      methylcholanthrene-induced rats. Using antibodies against cytochrome P-448, the
      cytochrome P-448 content in native and reconstituted microsomal membranes and its
      participation in hydroxylation of benz(a)pyrene was determined. It was shown that
      benz(a)pyrene is hydroxylated in a membrane microsomal monooxygenase system more
      effectively, when the ratio of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase to cytochrome P
      448 is 1: 3 to 1: 6.

PMID- 6437455
TI  - Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis of Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790 and
      Streptococcus mutans BHT by the antibacterial agent dodecyl glycerol.
AB  - Dodecyl glycerol inhibits the synthesis of the peptidoglycans of Streptococcus
      faecium ATCC 9790 and Streptococcus mutans BHT. This metabolic regulation
      represents the second known mode by which dodecyl glycerol expresses
      antibacterial activity. The first mode of action of dodecyl glycerol was shown to
      stimulate autolysin activity which degrades cell-wall peptidoglycan (Ved HS,
      Gustow E, Mahadevan V and Pieringer RA, 1984, J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8115-8121).

PMID- 6437456
TI  - A role for intracellular calcium and calmodulin in the release of
      triiodothyronine from human thyroid-cell monolayer cultures.
AB  - Human thyroid cells in monolayer responded to acute stimulation by TSH with an
      increase in the secretion of T3. This process appeared to be dependent on a rise
      in the cytosolic calcium concentration since the antagonist of intracellular
      calcium mobilization, TMB-8, was found to inhibit the release of T3 in response
      to TSH. The importance of intracellular calcium was further shown using the agent
      veratridine which increases the free calcium level within cells; veratridine
      potentiated the stimulation of T3 secretion by TSH and itself stimulated the
      release of T3 to a level higher than that seen in the presence of TSH alone. The
      calcium ionophore A23187 produced a biphasic effect on T3 secretion from human
      thyroid monolayers; at low concentrations, A23187 caused a decrease in both
      unstimulated and TSH-stimulated T3 secretion but above a concentration of 1
      microM, T3 secretion was increased. The calmodulin antagonist W7 was found to
      inhibit T3 release in response to TSH, indicating a role for calmodulin in
      mediating the effects of intracellular calcium on T3 secretion.

PMID- 6437457
TI  - [Effect of naloxone and thyroliberin on respiration in acute hypoxia].
AB  - Experiments on 48 adult rats anesthetized with urethane were made to study the
      effects of naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on respiration after acute
      hemorrhage. The drugs were injected intravenously in doses 0.25-0.30 mg/kg. The
      changes found in the electromyogram of the diaphragm, blood pressure and ECG
      demonstrated naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone to stimulate the
      respiratory center at different stages of respiratory disorders (dyspnea, apnea,
      gasping) induced by hemorrhage.

PMID- 6437458
TI  - [Evaluation of the antianginal action of pharmacological substances by the change
      in the initiation threshold for myocardial ischemia in conscious rabbits].
AB  - The threshold of the initiation of myocardial ischemia was determined for
      conscious rabbits with the help of a special preliminary implanted appliance,
      which made it possible to perform the occlusion and reperfusion of the coronary
      artery. Nitroglycerin and propranolol were shown to increase the threshold of the
      initiation of ischemia, while dipyridamole was discovered to reduce it. The
      method described is offered for evaluation of the drug antianginal effect, since
      it is adequate and easily reproduced.

PMID- 6437459
TI  - Effects of variant gamma chains and sialic acid content of fibrinogen upon its
      interactions with ADP-stimulated human and rabbit platelets.
AB  - When platelets are stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), fibrinogen binds
      to receptors on the platelet membrane, and the platelets aggregate. The primary
      platelet recognition sites of human fibrinogen are reported to be at the COOH
      terminal ends of the gamma chains, with secondary sites in the A alpha chains.
      Normal human fibrinogen, which consists of three pairs of disulfide-bonded
      peptide chains, (A alpha, B beta, gamma)2, is heterogeneous with respect to
      sialic acid content and also contains a small proportion of molecules with a
      variant gamma chain (designated gamma'), elongated by a peptide extension at the
      COOH-terminus of the normal gamma chain. We separated fibrinogen into three
      fractions by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and tested the interactions of
      these fractions with ADP-stimulated human and rabbit platelets. Two fractions had
      the normal chain composition, (A alpha B beta, gamma)2, but different sialic acid
      contents (6.6 and 7.2 mol/mol), and the third fraction had the chain composition
      (A alpha, B beta)2 gamma gamma' and a sialic acid content of 7.2 mol/mol, which
      is similar to that of one of the normal fractions. In binding and aggregation
      experiments, we detected no significant differences between the reactions of the
      first two fractions, but ADP-stimulated platelets bound only 50% as much of 125I
      fibrinogen from the fraction with the gamma' chains and also aggregated less
      extensively in the presence of this fraction. We conclude that the sialic acid
      content of fibrinogen does not significantly affect its interactions with
      platelets, but the elongated gamma' chains bind less effectively to ADP
      stimulated platelets, and thus reduce the ability of fibrinogen to support
      aggregation. This may result from a conformational change caused by the gamma'
      extension or from the deletion of a portion of the normal gamma chain recognition
      site.

PMID- 6437460
TI  - Interrelationships of polymorphonuclear neutrophil membrane-bound calcium,
      membrane potential, and chemiluminescence: studies in single living cells.
AB  - Stimulated neutrophils show ionic fluxes that may function as "transducers"
      between stimuli and effector functions. Using fluorescent probes, patterns of
      membrane-associated calcium (chlortetracycline, CTC) and membrane potential (3-3'
      dipentyloxacarbocyanine, di-O-C5 (3)) in single living human neutrophils were
      observed with a fluorescence microscope fitted with an image intensifier and
      photometer. Fluorescence changes were related to chemiluminescence. In
      unstimulated neutrophils, CTC and di-O-C5 (3) fluorescence was brightest in the
      perinuclear region. Di-O-C5 (3) fluorescence was also seen in mitochondria.
      Neutrophil stimulation with zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or calcium
      ionophore (A23187) resulted in loss of di-O-C5 (3) and CTC fluorescence and
      chemiluminescence proportional to the strength of the stimulus. Experiments
      demonstrated the independence of these processes. (1) Digitonin stimulation
      caused chemiluminescence and di-O-C5 (3) darkening without loss of CTC
      fluorescence. (2) Depolarization of neutrophils did not induce CTC darkening or
      chemiluminescence. (3) Calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulation of neutrophils in
      calcium-free medium resulted in normal di-O-C5 (3) and CTC darkening, but a
      blunted chemiluminescence peak. (4) Calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulated the
      loss of di-O-C5 (3) and CTC fluorescence from chronic granulomatous disease
      neutrophils, but did not trigger an oxidative burst. Although neutrophil
      depolarization, calcium release from membranes, and oxidative activity are
      linked, these processes can clearly be separated.

PMID- 6437461
TI  - High incidence of monoclonal proteins in the serum and urine of chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia patients.
AB  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is generally considered a nonsecretory B cell
      immunoproliferative disorder. Conventional electrophoretic and
      immunoelectrophoretic methods have revealed serum monoclonal proteins in less
      than 10% of these patients. However, there is increasing experimental evidence
      from in vitro studies demonstrating that CLL cells may secrete immunoglobulins,
      particularly free light chains. We examined the serum and urine of 36 consecutive
      CLL patients for monoclonal proteins using sensitive immunochemical methods (high
      resolution agarose gel electrophoresis combined with immunofixation). The results
      obtained were correlated with the Rai stage, quantitative immunoglobulin levels,
      and lymphocyte membrane immunoglobulin phenotype of the leukemic cells. Twenty
      three monoclonal proteins were identified in the serum or urine of 22 patients,
      an incidence of 61%. Six patients had serum monoclonal proteins, seven had only
      urinary monoclonal proteins, and nine had monoclonal proteins in serum and urine.
      In every instance the monoclonal protein was the same light chain type as
      expressed on the leukemic cells. Our findings suggest that the monoclonal
      proteins observed in the serum or urine of CLL patients are secretory products of
      the tumor cells and that their discovery is a function of the sensitivity of the
      method used for their detection.

PMID- 6437462
TI  - [Breast cancer: chemotherapy preceding locoregional treatment with extension of
      the indications for conservative treatment].
AB  - About 80 per cent of patients with breast cancer ultimately die of metastatic
      disease in the following twenty years. Distant metastases are more important as
      cause of death than loco-regional relapses, it is why adjuvant chemotherapy is
      necessary, especially in young patients and in those with extensive disease.
      Initial chemotherapy preceding any locoregional treatment is justified on the
      basis that both surgery and anesthesia lead to immuno-depression. Further, the
      value of initial chemotherapy has been demonstrated in many experimental and
      clinical trials of Nissen-Meyer, Bonadonna and Cooper. We have treated 145
      patients, including 67 with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), with 4 to 6 weeks
      of Velbe, Thiotepa, Methotrexate Fluorouracil and Prednisone with Adriblastine
      added for those patients with IBC or T greater than 7 cm, or N2 N3. Because of
      tumor regression of more than 50 per cent observed in 80 per cent of the
      patients, the majority (123 patients) then received radiotherapy alone (cobalt +
      iridium) and are in a complete remission in all these cases after curietherapy.
      Maintenance treatment with the same drugs was prescribed for 6 to 18 months
      depending on the initial staging. Tumor regression appears to be an important
      prognostic factor. Median follow-up is only 17 months, the longest one being 42
      months. The overall survival at 2 years for IBC, is 90 per cent with a disease
      free survival of 80 per cent. Cosmetic results are excellent. While these results
      are encouraging, longer follow-up is needed to confirm this improvement.

PMID- 6437463
TI  - Effects of five insecticides on zygospore germination and growth of the green
      alga Chlamydomonas moewusii.

PMID- 6437464
TI  - Cost effectiveness and MEDLINE printing.

PMID- 6437465
TI  - Anniversary discourse.

PMID- 6437466
TI  - CO2 cystoscopy using a flexible fibreoptic endoscope.
AB  - Flexible carbon dioxide cystoscopy has been carried out in 65 patients using an
      Olympus BF type 1 TR endoscope (usually used for bronchoscopy). Good views were
      obtained and comparison with standard cystoscopy confirmed that no lesions were
      missed. The procedure was well tolerated under local anaesthesia. The flexible
      cystoscope was particularly useful in examining patients with diverticula,
      anterior bladder neck lesions or the post-radiation fibrotic pelvis.

PMID- 6437467
TI  - A randomized study of a semisynthetic heparin analogue and heparin in prophylaxis
      of deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - The prophylactic effect of a semisynthetic heparin analogue (SSHA) on deep vein
      thrombosis was investigated in a prospective double-blind multicentre trial. 440
      major general surgical and gynaecological patients were randomized to one of
      three treatment groups: 50 mg SSHA, 37.5 mg SSHA and 5000 units sodium heparin
      subcutaneously 12-hourly. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was diagnosed with the
      fibrinogen uptake test and verified with phlebography. Bleeding complications and
      other side-effects were carefully monitored. There were no significant
      differences between the three treatment groups of patients in age, sex, type of
      operation or risk factors. A DVT was diagnosed in 16 patients (12 per cent) in
      the SSHA 50 mg group, in 21 patients (15 per cent) in the SSHA 37.5 mg group and
      21 patients (14 per cent) in the heparin-treated group. No significant
      differences were found in the number of patients who bled unexpectedly in the
      postoperative period, required transfusion or developed wound haematomas. Blood
      loss at operation was similar in all three groups. Three pulmonary emboli were
      diagnosed by pulmonary scintigraphy, one in each group.

PMID- 6437468
TI  - Altered responses of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating
      hormone secretion to thyrotrophin releasing hormone/gonadotrophin releasing
      hormone stimulation in cyclical mastalgia.
AB  - A generalized abnormality of hypothalamopituitary function was found in 17
      patients with cyclical pronounced mastalgia compared with 11 controls by using a
      combined thyrotrophin releasing hormone and gonadotrophin releasing hormone test.
      The release of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
      was significantly greater in cyclical mastalgia patients than in controls. Basal
      thyrotrophin, T3 and T4 levels were within the normal range in both groups
      indicating normal thyroid status in benign breast disease. The single measurement
      of oestrogen and progesterone in the luteal phase was not abnormal. These data
      demonstrate an alteration in lactotroph and gonadotroph function in patients with
      cyclical mastalgia. It is unknown at present whether this represents an
      appropriate cellular response to altered central or peripheral signals. There is
      no evidence to suggest, however, that the anterior pituitary cell types are
      abnormal per se.

PMID- 6437469
TI  - Progress in gall stone disease.

PMID- 6437470
TI  - Are all mesotheliomas due to asbestos?

PMID- 6437471
TI  - Research in general practice.

PMID- 6437472
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting for the reduction of mortality: an analysis of
      the trials.

PMID- 6437473
TI  - Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism: retrospective study of neonatal
      laboratory screening versus clinical symptoms as indicators leading to diagnosis.
AB  - Filter paper blood samples taken routinely from 100 239 newborn infants were
      radioimmunoassayed five years later for plasma thyrotrophin concentrations. In 32
      cases (0.03%) these were found to be raised. Thirty one of these children were
      traced and subjected to follow up examination by a paediatrician and a
      psychologist. Of the 31 children, 15 were found to have been receiving treatment
      for congenital hypothyroidism since a median of 5 months of age (diagnosed
      group). Of the 16 others, seven children were found to have raised serum
      thyrotrophin concentrations and were classified as hypothyroid (undiagnosed
      group). The remaining nine children were euthyroid. Children in the diagnosed
      group had a mean Griffiths developmental quotient of 87 (control value 103; p
      less than 0.01), and five out of 13 showed impaired neurological development. Of
      the remainder, those in the undiagnosed group had a mean developmental quotient
      of 100 and those in the euthyroid group a mean developmental quotient of 107. In
      this study achieving a detection rate of congenital hypothyroidism of one in 3000
      in a neonatal screening programme resulted in overdiagnosis of about a quarter of
      patients considered to have true positive findings. This was outweighed, however,
      by the early identification of all infants with the disease.

PMID- 6437474
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on upper gastrointestinal bleeding after renal
      transplantation: a prospective study.
AB  - In 97 consecutive patients undergoing renal transplantation the incidence of
      upper gastrointestinal bleeding was registered over 180 days after allocation to
      treatment with either cimetidine or placebo. Bleeding episodes occurred in 12
      patients, 11 of whom were receiving placebo and only one cimetidine (p less than
      0.01). All bleeding episodes occurred during the first month after
      allotransplantation. Treatment with cimetidine did not lead to an increased
      incidence of rejection of the allograft. It is concluded that cimetidine is
      effective and safe in protecting against upper gastrointestinal bleeding after
      renal transplantation.

PMID- 6437475
TI  - Intravenous gammaglobulin treatment in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia.
AB  - Intravenous gammaglobulin was compared with the standard British intramuscular
      preparation in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and chronic bronchitis. Five
      patients were given six months' treatment with the weekly intramuscular
      preparation and six months' treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin given once
      every 18 days. During the trial they recorded symptoms of infection, absence from
      work, and sputum volume; lung function tests were performed during the
      intravenous treatment. The half life of the intravenous IgG and changes in serum
      IgG and C1q concentrations were also measured in seven other patients who
      received intravenous gammaglobulin every two weeks for 12 weeks. IgG
      concentrations, sputum volume, and infection scores were significantly better
      during intravenous treatment and there were no adverse effects from the
      intravenous gammaglobulin. These five patients were significantly more healthy
      when they received an intravenous gammaglobulin preparation, probably because the
      intravenous preparation increased serum IgG concentrations. Although longer
      studies are needed, intravenous gammaglobulin should be considered for patients
      with severe chest disease and those who cannot tolerate intramuscular injections.

PMID- 6437476
TI  - Screening for small for dates fetuses: a controlled trial.
AB  - In the hope of reducing perinatal risks associated with retardation of
      intrauterine growth a previously described two stage ultrasound screening
      schedule was evaluated by a controlled trial in 877 women with low risk single
      pregnancies. The two stages of ultrasound examination were an assessment of
      gestational age during early pregnancy followed by measurement of length from
      crown to rump and area of trunk at between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation. The
      product of crown to rump length and trunk area was calculated. The sensitivity of
      this schedule in identifying in advance 94% of babies who were small for dates at
      birth, with 90% specificity, and the speed and simplicity of measurement
      confirmed the accuracy and feasibility of two stage ultrasonography as a
      screening procedure. The controlled trial did not, however, show any benefit from
      its routine application in these low risk pregnancies.

PMID- 6437477
TI  - Spina bifida and anencephaly in Scotland.
AB  - Data obtained from routine sources showed that from 1971 to 1982 the birth
      prevalences of spina bifida and anencephaly in Scotland fell. When known
      terminations after routine alpha fetoprotein screening were added to total births
      the adjusted birth prevalence could be calculated. In 1974-82 this fell by 40%
      for spina bifida (3 X 0-1 X 8) and 36% for anencephaly (2 X 2-1 X 4). These
      findings were compared with data on birth prevalences in England and Wales,
      Northern Ireland, and Glasgow. The fall in birth prevalences of spina bifida and
      anencephaly over the past decade appears to have been due both to a true fall in
      incidence as well as to increased screening and termination for these conditions.

PMID- 6437478
TI  - Patterns of mortality among migrants to England and Wales from the Indian
      subcontinent.
AB  - Causes of deaths in immigrants to England and Wales from the Indian subcontinent
      were assessed by ethnic subgroup. Observed and expected deaths for 1975-7 were
      aggregated to calculate proportional mortality ratios. Observed mortality due to
      infective and parasitic diseases, endocrine diseases (notably diabetes), diseases
      of the circulatory system (notably ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular
      disease, in males), and diseases of the digestive system (notably cirrhosis of
      the liver) exceeded expected mortality. Fewer than expected deaths were due to
      malignant neoplasms (notably lung cancer and chronic bronchitis); proportional
      mortality ratios for cancer were lower for Hindu groups than for Moslems and were
      lowest for Punjabis. Mortality due to ischaemic heart disease, high in all
      groups, was highest in Moslems. Significantly more Punjabi males died from
      cerebrovascular disease and cirrhosis of the liver. Diabetes was commonest among
      Gujaratis. The variation seen in the patterns of mortality in the different
      ethnic groups indicates the need for further epidemiological and health service
      research centred on these communities.

PMID- 6437479
TI  - Serum cortisol concentrations during low dose dexamethasone suppression test to
      screen for Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - Forty four subjects (23 obese controls, 11 patients with possible Cushing's
      syndrome, and 10 patients with definite Cushing's syndrome) underwent low dose (0
      X 5 mg every six hours for two days) dexamethasone suppression tests during which
      serum cortisol concentration at 0800 and excretion of urinary free cortisol over
      24 hours were measured. Serum cortisol concentration fell to below 60 nmol/1 (2 X
      2 micrograms/100 ml) in 31 subjects and remained above 250 nmol/1 (9 X 1
      micrograms/100 ml) in the 13 others. Excretion of urinary free cortisol showed a
      similar response, falling to below 110 nmol (40 micrograms)/24 h in 31 and
      remaining above 180 nmol (65 micrograms)/24 h in the 13 others. There was
      complete concordance between the two variables in terms of the pattern of
      response. Serum cortisol concentration fell to below 60 nmol/1 (2 X 2
      micrograms/100 ml) in at least 97% (31 of a possible 32) of subjects without
      Cushing's syndrome. On the other hand, a serum cortisol concentration of above
      250 nmol/1 (9 X 1 micrograms/100 ml) after low dose dexamethasone gave a false
      positive diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in at most only one of 13 patients (7 X
      7%). Measurement of serum cortisol concentration during the low dose
      dexamethasone test is simpler than, and as accurate and reliable as, measurements
      of urinary steroids.

PMID- 6437480
TI  - Television induced seizures in alcoholics.

PMID- 6437481
TI  - Protein C values in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6437482
TI  - Projected use in two general practices of services by the elderly at home.
AB  - The proportion of people aged over 70 years in the community will, it is
      estimated, rise appreciably over the next 10 to 15 years. The impact, however, on
      different areas and different services will vary greatly. Using county based
      population projections this paper estimates the likely future demand by elderly
      people for home services in two contrasting general practices. To maintain
      services to meet the present demand, increases ranging from +11% to +55%,
      depending on the area and the service, will be required.

PMID- 6437483
TI  - Comparison of prescription costs within a group practice.
AB  - Records of prescriptions that originated from one group practice and were
      dispensed at one pharmacy were maintained for one year. The information recorded
      included the age and sex of the patients, the name of the prescribing doctor, and
      the drug(s) prescribed and their cost. Analysis of the records showed
      considerable differences in average prescription costs among doctors. For all the
      major therapeutic groups, repeat prescriptions were more expensive than new
      prescriptions, children had cheaper prescription costs than adults, and
      prescriptions for women were cheaper than those for men. Within an age-sex group
      or a therapeutic group, however, prescription costs were similar for each doctor.
      These results indicate that the differences in overall prescribing costs among
      doctors were not due to different management of the same disorders, but were due
      to different types of patients being seen.

PMID- 6437484
TI  - Research in general practice. Sources of advice.
AB  - Regional advisers, faculty secretaries of the Royal College of General
      Practitioners, heads of academic departments of general practice and primary
      care, and heads of RCGP research units were invited to complete a semistructured
      questionnaire to determine the nature and availability of current sources of
      advice for general practitioners participating in research activities and the
      demands placed on the available sources in the United Kingdom. The principal
      source for research advice was university departments of general practice, yet
      these have insufficient resources to cope with requests and few have spare
      capacity to stimulate research. Regional advisers and faculty secretaries do not
      seem to be kindling a spirit of inquiry and they seem somewhat complacent about
      both the lack of requests for research advice from general practitioners and the
      difficulties of academic departments. Proper development of research capability
      in general practice and primary care is unlikely to occur without more resources
      to create training posts in academic departments and a greater spirit of inquiry
      in vocational training programmes, which should lead to both review (audit) and
      research.

PMID- 6437485
TI  - Audit of admission to medical school: I--Acceptances and rejects.
AB  - A prospective study of the process of application, selection, and admission to
      medical school was performed. St Mary's Hospital Medical School received 1478
      UCCA applications for admission in October 1981: 94 (6.4%) applicants entered St
      Mary's in October 1981, 436 (29.5%) entered other medical schools, 176 (11.9%)
      read a subject other than medicine, and 772 (52.2%) did not enter university. The
      study included 12.6% of all applicants and 12.9% of all entrants to British
      medical schools in October 1981. Educational qualifications, demographic
      variables, type of schooling, family background, and the manner of application
      were examined in relation to overall selection. A level achievement was the major
      determinant of acceptance. O level achievement, early application, and medical
      parents had significant but smaller independent effects on the chance of
      acceptance. Social class, age, sex, and school type did not predict acceptance
      when corrected for academic and other factors. Few differences in personality,
      career preference, cultural interests or attitudes were found between those
      accepted and those rejected.

PMID- 6437486
TI  - The UK cardiac surgical register, 1977-82.
AB  - Data for 1977-82 obtained from the Cardiac Surgical Register, established by the
      Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Great Britain and Northern
      Ireland in 1977, were analysed for trends in incidence and mortality of cardiac
      surgery and regional workload in the United Kingdom. Operative mortality for most
      types of cardiac operation showed a general decline. The numbers of operations
      performed for valvular and congenital heart disease had remained unchanged, but a
      striking increase had occurred in the number of coronary bypass graft operations:
      2297 in 1977 to 6008 in 1982. The figure for 1982, representing an annual rate of
      107 operations per million population, was still well below that for other
      countries such as Australia (410 per million in 1982) and the United States (750
      per million in 1981). A wide variation was seen in the regional provision of
      cardiac surgical services within the United Kingdom. This was particularly
      appreciable for coronary bypass graft surgery, in which there was a 10-fold
      difference in numbers of operations performed between the various regions. The UK
      Cardiac Surgical Register provides an important source of information on trends
      within the specialty that could well be followed by other surgical specialties.

PMID- 6437487
TI  - Day hospital rehabilitation--effectiveness and cost in the elderly: a randomised
      controlled trial.
AB  - The effectiveness and cost of day hospital care in rehabilitation were studied in
      a randomised controlled trial in 120 elderly patients who were assessed at
      referral and six weeks and five months later in activities of daily living skills
      and mood. Day hospital patients were compared with a control group, who were
      managed as they would have been before the availability of day hospital care. Day
      hospital patients showed a significant improvement in performance of activities
      of daily living at six weeks but not at five months; however, they had a
      sustained improvement in mood. The cost of day hospital rehabilitation was one
      third greater than that of rehabilitation by alternative means. In its current
      form the geriatric day hospital is not a cheap alternative to other means of
      rehabilitation. Expensive components of the day hospital should be critically re
      examined and renewed emphasis placed on sufficient inpatient beds, domiciliary
      services, and day care centres.

PMID- 6437488
TI  - Importance of neurosurgical consultation after ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6437489
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Sedative and hypnotic drugs.

PMID- 6437490
TI  - Risks of ultrasound.

PMID- 6437491
TI  - Failure of the cervical cytology screening programme.

PMID- 6437492
TI  - Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients.

PMID- 6437493
TI  - BMX bike injuries.

PMID- 6437494
TI  - Motorcycling injuries in children.

PMID- 6437495
TI  - How common are risk factors among young patients suffering heart attacks.

PMID- 6437497
TI  - Appropriate technology: care of the newborn.

PMID- 6437496
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by a single injection of haloperidol.

PMID- 6437498
TI  - Haemoglobin A1c concentrations in men and women with diabetes.

PMID- 6437499
TI  - Part time work: one year's job share in Bristol.

PMID- 6437500
TI  - Who should be immunised against hepatitis B?

PMID- 6437501
TI  - Ethics in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 6437502
TI  - Diarrhoea, dehydration, and drugs.

PMID- 6437503
TI  - Requirements for thoracic medicine.

PMID- 6437504
TI  - Injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle.

PMID- 6437505
TI  - C reactive protein concentrations during long distance running.
AB  - Long distance runners competing in events ranging from 15 to 88 km showed a
      distance related acute phase response as indicated by significantly raised serum
      C reactive protein concentrations. In trained athletes only a small rise in C
      reactive protein concentrations was seen after races of less than 21 km. After an
      88 km ultramarathon concentrations comparable to those found in patients with
      small myocardial infarctions were detected. Indomethacin did not affect the
      increases in C reactive protein after the ultramarathon. This study has
      established serial C reactive protein concentrations for given race distances.
      These data may help in diagnosing myocardial infarction during long distance
      running. The acute phase response should be measured in untrained people running
      shorter distances to provide comparative data for the physically untrained
      population.

PMID- 6437506
TI  - Pathways to complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Complement activation was assessed in 34 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary
      bypass. Arterial concentrations of complement fragments Ba and C3d rose in all
      patients, the increase in Ba preceding that of C3d. At the same time as
      complement fragments were being generated the arterial neutrophil count fell.
      These findings suggest (a) that complement activation is initiated by the
      alternative pathway during cardiopulmonary bypass and (b) that complement
      activation mediates loss of neutrophils during bypass. Complement mediated loss
      of neutrophils during the analogous setting of haemodialysis is the result of
      leucosequestration in the pulmonary vasculature. During cardiopulmonary bypass
      the lungs are out of circuit, so that activated leucocytes may sequester in other
      target organs. This may be an aetiological factor in the multi-organ failure
      occasionally seen after uneventful cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 6437507
TI  - Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12
      year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg,
      Sweden.
AB  - A longitudinal population study of 1462 women aged 38-60 was carried out in
      Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1968-9. In univariate analysis the ratio of waist to hip
      circumference showed a significant positive association with the 12 year
      incidence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and death. The
      association with incidence of myocardial infarction remained in multivariate
      analysis and was independent of age, body mass index, smoking habit, serum
      cholesterol concentration, serum triglyceride concentration, and systolic blood
      pressure. The relation between the ratio of waist to hip circumference and the
      end points of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and death was
      stronger than for any other anthropometric variable studied.

PMID- 6437508
TI  - Long term follow up of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Fourteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and whose initial serum
      calcium concentrations were 2.75 mmol/l (11.0 mg/100 ml) or more were followed up
      for five to 23 years without operative treatment. One had osteitis fibrosa when
      seen and died with a fibrosarcoma 22 years later. The remaining 13 patients, who
      were followed up for a mean of 10 years, came to little obvious harm from not
      being operated on. Their serum calcium concentrations did not rise and there was
      no evidence of progressive renal impairment. In four patients who presented
      originally with renal calculi there were three further episodes of renal colic in
      54 patient years of follow up. Conservative management of primary
      hyperparathyroidism is not an unreasonable option, and patients who do not have
      symptoms need not necessarily be pressed to accept surgery.

PMID- 6437509
TI  - Loperamide in acute diarrhoea in childhood: results of a double blind, placebo
      controlled multicentre clinical trial. Diarrhoeal Diseases Study Group (UK).
AB  - A total of 315 young children with acute diarrhoea were included in a double
      blind, hospital based multicentre trial of loperamide at two dose levels (0.8 mg
      and 0.4 mg/kg/24 h), given with standard oral rehydration therapy versus placebo
      plus oral rehydration therapy. The overall recovery rate was slowest in the
      placebo group and fastest in the group given loperamide 0.8 mg. Comparisons
      between weights on admission and weights by day 3 showed that a larger proportion
      of children in the loperamide groups gained weight than in the placebo group. No
      serious side effects of loperamide were observed, but the drug was withdrawn in
      one infant because of mild abdominal distention. The results indicate that
      loperamide, in the doses employed, is safe and may in selected cases be a useful
      adjunct to oral rehydration in the management of acute diarrhoea in well
      nourished children.

PMID- 6437510
TI  - Shrinkage of a uterine fibroid after subcutaneous infusion of a LHRH agonist.

PMID- 6437511
TI  - Hepatitis induced by nomifensine.

PMID- 6437512
TI  - Reproducibility of individual response to exposure to high altitude.

PMID- 6437513
TI  - Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate compared with Nitrolingual spray using cardiac
      scintigraphy.

PMID- 6437514
TI  - Blast injury of the lungs due to lightning.

PMID- 6437515
TI  - Oblique rib views after blunt chest trauma: an unnecessary routine?

PMID- 6437516
TI  - Low levels of ill health among elderly non-consulters in general practice.
AB  - The characteristics of random samples of elderly patients (over 65 years of age),
      designated as consulters (n = 200) and non-consulters (n = 196), in a group
      general practice were compared using a postal questionnaire that was validated by
      comparison with findings by general practitioners in a random sample of 58
      responders. A response rate of 90% was obtained, and all non-responders were
      visited by their general practitioner. The questionnaire had a sensitivity of 79%
      and a specificity of 82% when compared with general practitioner findings. The
      use of hospital and social services by non-consulters was low in this practice.
      Measures of disability and state of health showed that non-consulters were a fit
      group of the aged. Case finding for problems among elderly people should
      initially be confined to consulters, who have a high prevalence of problems. Non
      consulters are a low risk group that can be assessed only with special effort and
      extra resources. Once an effective case finding system has been developed it
      might then be reasonable to consider ways of finding the few patients who have
      problems but do not consult their doctor.

PMID- 6437517
TI  - Measles immunisation: profit and loss in a general practice.
AB  - A survey in one general practice of the occurrence of measles and of immunisation
      in patients who were born between 1963 and 1982 showed that immunisation not only
      brought some financial reward to the practice, but by preventing measles reduced
      the number of consultations related to measles by 40%. Although practice policy
      often entailed a home visit to immunise a patient, measles disease was three
      times more likely to require a visit. It is surprising that, considering the
      efficacy and safety of measles immunisation, in Britain measles has not become
      the rarity it now is in the United States.

PMID- 6437518
TI  - Patient use of a mixed appointment system in an urban practice.
AB  - The number of practices that run appointment systems has sharply increased
      recently. Such practices may have difficulty in fitting in urgent or extra
      consultations. A study was made of 639 patients who attended a practice whose
      surgeries are run on a mixed system of open access and by appointment. There were
      important differences in the type of patient and problem seen in the two types of
      surgeries, notably in age, social class, and presenting complaint. Some patients
      may be disadvantaged by surgeries that are run by appointment only.

PMID- 6437519
TI  - Life changes: Retirement.

PMID- 6437520
TI  - Applying results of randomised trials to clinical practice: impact of losses
      before randomisation.
AB  - The problem of generalisability in randomised clinical trials was highlighted by
      studies that entered only 10-14% of screened patients. To determine the magnitude
      and source of prerandomisation losses in clinical trials a survey was conducted
      of 41 trials listed in the 1979 inventory of the National Institute of Health.
      Two thirds of the trials maintained screening logs, but only half maintained any
      records of the number of patients who met the eligibility criteria but were not
      entered into the trial. Among 21 trials (51%) that kept data on the number of
      patients who were eligible but not entered, losses of eligible subjects were
      attributable to refusals by patients in 25% and refusals by physicians in 29%.
      Other protocol requirements accounted for the remaining losses of eligible
      patients. Only a few trials documented the characteristics of patients who were
      eligible but not entered; in those trials the patients who were not entered were
      similar demographically but differed clinically from those enrolled. Thus
      minimising prerandomisation losses of eligible patients requires the use of less
      restrictive criteria for entering patients. Twenty four of the trials achieved
      75% or more of their recruitment goals, eight between 25% and 74%, and six less
      than 25%. Among trials that screened less than twice their projected sample size,
      only three out of 13 (23%) achieved 75% or more of their recruitment goal. By
      contrast, 12 out of 16 trials (75%) that screened more than twice their projected
      sample size achieved 75% or more of their recruitment goal. Screening large
      numbers of patients appears to be a pragmatic requirement for success in
      achieving recruitment goals; therefore, trials should not be criticised as
      lacking generalisability on that basis alone. The number and characteristics of
      eligible patients who were not entered, however, were documented by only a few
      trials; these data are critical in the assessment of generalisability.
      Additionally, the number of patients with the index disease who did not meet the
      eligibility criteria should also be documented. Together, these two types of data
      characterise the population to whom the trial results may be applied.

PMID- 6437521
TI  - Congenital protein C deficiency and thrombotic disease in nine French families.
AB  - Investigation of 118 patients for protein C deficiency using an immunological and
      a functional assay, and subsequent investigation of those (nine) found to be
      deficient, identified 22 patients (14 women, eight men) with protein C
      deficiency, of whom six were asymptomatic, 15 had histories of venous
      thromboembolism, and one had a history of arterial thromboembolism. Protein C
      deficiency was associated in the nine probands with young age at first episode of
      thromboembolic disease (mean 24.1 (SD 11.9) years), absence of a precipitating
      condition (five (56%], and a family history of thromboembolic disease (six (66%].
      Investigation of the nine families suggested autosomal dominant transmission of
      the defect. Thromboembolic episodes were seen in patients with protein C antigen
      concentrations below 0.6 U/ml. Mean (SD) protein C antigen concentrations were
      0.48 (0.12) U/ml in 18 patients not receiving oral anticoagulant treatment and
      0.28 (0.05) U/ml in four receiving such treatment. One patient with severe
      protein C deficiency (0.16 U/ml) developed skin necrosis soon after starting oral
      anticoagulant treatment.

PMID- 6437522
TI  - Audit of admission to medical school: II--Shortlisting and interviews.
AB  - Analysis of shortlisting of applicants for interview at St Mary's Hospital
      Medical School showed that factor analysis could reduce the selection criteria to
      three independent scales--"academic ability," "interests," and "community
      service"--all of which contributed to the interview decision. Early applicants
      scored more highly on all three factors but were still at a greater advantage in
      selection for interview than would have been predicted. The dean's judgment of
      priority for interview from the UCCA form was found to predict a candidate's
      chance of acceptance at other medical schools besides St Mary's. Analysis of
      interviewing showed high correlations among interviewers in their assessments,
      although there was evidence of influence by the chairmen. Factor analysis showed
      three major factors--academic suitability, non-academic suitability, and health-
      of which non academic suitability was the major determinant of interview success.
      Non academic suitability was related to personality (high extraversion and low
      psychoticism) and to the choices made on the UCCA form. The system of admission
      interviews enabled greater emphasis to be put on broader interests and
      achievements than if selection had been on the basis of UCCA application form
      alone.

PMID- 6437523
TI  - Prevention of malaria in pregnancy and early childhood. Prepared by the Public
      Health Laboratory Service Malaria Reference Laboratory.

PMID- 6437524
TI  - Hospital building in the NHS. Policy I.

PMID- 6437525
TI  - Hydrocephalus after cerebellar infarction.

PMID- 6437526
TI  - Children in a persistent vegetative state.

PMID- 6437527
TI  - Nicotine chewing gum in general practice.

PMID- 6437528
TI  - Hyponatraemia and Moduretic (amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide)

PMID- 6437529
TI  - Accumulation of midazolam in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6437530
TI  - The lupus syndrome induced by hydralazine.

PMID- 6437531
TI  - Urinary tract infection in children.

PMID- 6437532
TI  - Head injuries in children: need for guidelines on initial management.

PMID- 6437533
TI  - Intensive antacid treatment for peptic ulceration.

PMID- 6437534
TI  - Return of splenic function after splenectomy.

PMID- 6437535
TI  - Tuberculosis in hospital doctors.

PMID- 6437536
TI  - Lymphocytes are rhythmic: is this important?

PMID- 6437537
TI  - Administrator dominated or management efficient NHS?

PMID- 6437538
TI  - A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid stimulating hormone: a
      replacement for the thyrotrophin releasing hormone test?
AB  - The value as a thyroid function test of a new, rapid, and highly sensitive
      immunoradiometric assay for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was assessed in 188
      consecutive new patients with suspected hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis was made
      on clinical grounds and on the basis of serum total triiodothyronine and
      thyroxine concentrations and the response of TSH to thyrotrophin releasing
      hormone (TRH) as measured by radioimmunoassay. In all except one patient the
      basal TSH concentration by immunoradiometric assay predicted the response of TSH
      by radioimmunoassay to TRH, an undetectable value being recorded in patients with
      a subnormal response and a measurable value in those with a normal test result.
      This clear relation was not observed for basal TSH concentrations as measured by
      radioimmunoassay. In a series of 39 hospital inpatients with acute or chronic non
      thyroidal illness, of whom 11 had low concentrations of total thyroxine or
      triiodothyronine, or both, basal TSH concentrations were detectable by both
      radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay in all cases and were associated
      with normal responses to TRH. The immunoradiometric assay for TSH, which is
      commercially available, may therefore obviate the need for the more time
      consuming TRH test and simplify the approach to thyroid function testing in
      patients with suspected hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6437539
TI  - Selective effect of low protein diets in chronic renal diseases.
AB  - It has recently been established that the rate of progression of chronic renal
      failure in man can be slowed by restricting dietary protein. Consequently, the
      short term and long term effects of a low protein diet on the course of different
      chronic nephropathies were studied in an attempt to delineate the factors that
      determine the response to such a diet. When a low protein diet was given for six
      months renal function improved significantly in nine patients with chronic
      tubulointerstitial nephritis (p less than 0.025); the diet had a marginally
      beneficial effect in 12 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (p less than
      0.05) and no effect in nine with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. The heterogeneous
      functional response in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis correlated
      closely with the effect of the diet on these patients' proteinuria (r = 0.76, p
      less than 0.01). In a short term study (four weeks) of 12 patients with chronic
      renal failure changes in renal plasma flow were proportional to dietary protein
      intake. Renal vascular resistance fell during a high protein diet and increased
      when dietary protein was restricted. The changes in renal plasma flow during the
      low protein diet correlated well with the patients' long term functional response
      to the diet (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the response to a
      low protein diet in chronic renal failure is determined, firstly, by the nature
      of the underlying nephropathy, with maximal benefit being observed in non
      glomerular disorders; secondly, by the effect of the diet on the proteinuria in
      chronic glomerulonephritis; and, thirdly, by the haemodynamic response to the
      diet, with patients with a reactive renal vascular bed improving with a low
      protein diet.

PMID- 6437540
TI  - Regional variations in British alcohol morbidity rates: a myth uncovered? I:
      Clinical surveys.
AB  - Officially recorded rates of many alcohol related problems are much higher in the
      north than in the south of Britain. To try to shed some light on this the pattern
      and threshold for use of psychiatric and medical hospital services for alcohol
      dependence, abuse, and psychosis were studied in three areas differing greatly in
      official rates of alcohol related problems--namely, the Highland and Tayside
      regions in Scotland and part of the South East Thames region in England. The
      disparity in psychiatric admissions for alcohol dependence, abuse, and psychosis
      were found to be largely explained by admission policies which reflected
      geographical factors. The results of this study did not support the conventional
      view that rates of treated morbidity due to alcohol are appreciably higher in the
      north.

PMID- 6437541
TI  - Regional variations in British alcohol morbidity rates: a myth uncovered? II:
      population surveys.
AB  - Regional variations in officially recorded rates of alcohol related morbidity in
      Britain were investigated by surveying community drinking habits of a randomly
      selected sample of adults in the Highlands, Tayside, and part of the South East
      Thames region. Contrary to expectations, patterns of alcohol consumption did not
      differ in a manner consistent with the much higher rates of alcohol related
      problems recorded in the north.

PMID- 6437542
TI  - Reliability of cardiotocography in predicting baby's condition at birth.
AB  - A prospective study of 6825 labours was undertaken to determine the relation
      between the Apgar scores of the babies at one minute and the cardiotocograph
      tracing in labour. The sensitivity of an abnormal tracing was 35.2% for babies
      who needed intermittent positive pressure ventilation and 20.0% for babies who
      did not but who had Apgar scores of less than 7. The sensitivity of an abnormal
      tracing for all babies with an Apgar score of less than 7 was 23.2%. The positive
      predictive value of an abnormal tracing was 8.7% for babies who needed
      intermittent positive pressure ventilation and 18.7% for babies who did not but
      who had an Apgar score of less than 7. The positive predictive value of an
      abnormal tracing was 27.4% for all babies with an Apgar score of less than 7. The
      specificity of the tracing was 93.4% for babies with an Apgar score of 7 or over.
      The relatively high incidence of false positive predictions might be explained on
      the grounds that abnormalities in the cardiotocograph tracing are a more
      sensitive indicator of hypoxia than the Apgar score. False negative predictions
      might have been due to adverse factors other than hypoxia--for example, fetal
      trauma, compression of the head, infection, and analgesia in labour. These
      findings suggest that the current overdependence on fetal monitoring by
      cardiotocography alone should be examined and that other reliable indicators for
      non-hypoxic fetal distress should be sought.

PMID- 6437543
TI  - Generalised epileptic fits in renal transplant recipients given cyclosporin A.

PMID- 6437544
TI  - Sucking wound of the knee: not gas gangrene.

PMID- 6437545
TI  - Patterns of ovarian cyst hospital discharge rates in England and Wales, 1962-79.

PMID- 6437546
TI  - Amputation for pseudotumour in acquired haemophilia.

PMID- 6437547
TI  - Weight gain after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 6437548
TI  - Defibrillators in general practice.
AB  - After a successful pilot scheme introduced in 1975, when six portable
      defibrillators were provided for health centres, an additional 50 defibrillators
      were provided in February 1982 for general practitioners to use. Between December
      1975 and February 1984 defibrillation was attempted in 54 patients who collapsed
      with clinical cardiac arrest in the presence of general practitioners or less
      than five minutes before their arrival. A cardiac output was achieved in 32
      patients, 28 survived to reach hospital via a mobile coronary care unit, and 22
      were discharged alive. Of the 28 admitted to hospital, 24 were found to have
      myocardial infarction. If all general practitioners carried defibrillators they
      might make an important dent in the early mortality from myocardial infarction in
      addition to that achieved by a mobile coronary care unit.

PMID- 6437549
TI  - Researching drug treatment.

PMID- 6437550
TI  - The changing pattern of infectious disease.
AB  - Several factors contribute towards a decrease in the prevalence of infectious
      disease in a population. These include active control measures, active
      immunisation, and improvement in the socioeconomic state of the population. There
      appears, however, to be a progressive increase in the resistance of a population
      in relation to the length of time the population has been exposed to an agent.
      This increasing resistance is currently thought to be an expression of natural
      selection but transmission of actively acquired immunity cannot be ruled out and
      in the light of current evidence remains a highly probable contributory factor.

PMID- 6437551
TI  - ABC of poisoning. Miscellaneous drugs.

PMID- 6437552
TI  - Audit of admission to medical school: III--applicants' perceptions and proposals
      for change.
AB  - Applicants to St Mary's Hospital Medical School were asked to comment freely on
      the process of selection. They were particularly concerned about the role of
      interviews, excessive emphasis on academic achievement, the problem of rank
      ordering choices on the UCCA form, and possible biases in selection. These
      concerns and the results of our survey suggest that candidates should not be
      asked to rank their choices in order of preference, that UCCA applications for
      medicine should be subject to an early closing date, that as many applicants as
      possible should be interviewed, that applicants should be encouraged to apply
      after taking A levels, that educational opportunity should be taken into account
      in assessing A level grades, and that mature students should be encouraged, not
      least by providing mandatory awards for a second degree in medicine.

PMID- 6437553
TI  - Hospital building in the NHS. Policy II: reduced expectations.

PMID- 6437554
TI  - Medical problems with breath testing of drunk drivers.

PMID- 6437555
TI  - Do emergency tests help in the management of acute medical admissions?

PMID- 6437556
TI  - Aeromonas spp in diarrhoea.

PMID- 6437557
TI  - Failure of long term luteinising hormone releasing hormone to suppress
      testosterone.

PMID- 6437558
TI  - Ablative radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6437559
TI  - Haemoglobin A1c concentrations in men and women with diabetes.

PMID- 6437560
TI  - Impaction of a foreign body in the palate.

PMID- 6437561
TI  - Replacement of surfactant in hyaline membrane disease.

PMID- 6437562
TI  - Oral gold for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6437563
TI  - Sensitisation to human insulin.

PMID- 6437564
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin in carriers of beta thalassaemia trait.

PMID- 6437565
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis.

PMID- 6437566
TI  - Doctor sues BBC and two other doctors for libel.

PMID- 6437567
TI  - Crown immunity protects service surgeons.

PMID- 6437568
TI  - Mental disorder and prison.

PMID- 6437569
TI  - District general managers: who will they be?

PMID- 6437570
TI  - Doctors, drugs, and the DHSS.

PMID- 6437571
TI  - Help for the child who is sexually abused.

PMID- 6437572
TI  - Sleep helps healing.

PMID- 6437573
TI  - MPTP parkinsonism.

PMID- 6437574
TI  - Scandinavian model for eliminating measles, mumps, and rubella.

PMID- 6437575
TI  - Increases in platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and arterial pressure
      during mild surface cooling: factors in mortality from coronary and cerebral
      thrombosis in winter.
AB  - Six hours of mild surface cooling in moving air at 24 degrees C with little fall
      in core temperature (0.4 degree C) increased the packed cell volume by 7% and
      increased the platelet count and usually the mean platelet volume to produce a
      15% increase in the fraction of plasma volume occupied by platelets. Little of
      these increases occurred in the first hour. Whole blood viscosity increased by
      21%; plasma viscosity usually increased, and arterial pressure rose on average
      from 126/69 to 138/87 mm Hg. Plasma cholesterol concentration increased, in both
      high and low density lipoprotein fractions, but values of total lipoprotein and
      lipoprotein fractions were unchanged. The increases in platelets, red cells, and
      viscosity associated with normal thermoregulatory adjustments to mild surface
      cooling provide a probable explanation for rapid increases in coronary and
      cerebral thrombosis in cold weather. The raised arterial pressure and possibly
      cholesterol concentration may contribute to slower components of the increased
      thrombosis.

PMID- 6437576
TI  - Isolation of spheroplastic forms of Haemophilus influenzae from sputum in
      conventionally treated chronic bronchial sepsis using selective medium
      supplemented with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine: possible reservoir for re-emergence of
      infection.
AB  - The isolation rate of Haemophilus influenzae from patients with persistent
      production of purulent sputum has been increased by the routine use of a
      selective medium. Nevertheless, some purulent sputum still fails to yield a
      pathogen. The selective medium was supplemented with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to
      encourage primary isolation of colony forming, spheroplastic H influenzae, which
      reverted to normal forms on subculture. On the basis of in vitro experiments it
      is postulated that these spheroplastic forms of H influenzae may be induced by
      inadequate antimicrobial chemotherapy and may be responsible for re-emergence of
      symptoms in these patients during or shortly after stopping chemotherapy.

PMID- 6437577
TI  - Voice changes after thyroidectomy: role of the external laryngeal nerve.
AB  - Hitherto voice changes have been regarded as an infrequent complication of
      thyroidectomy and damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve has been given as their
      major cause. Voice function was assessed in 325 patients after thyroidectomy.
      Permanent changes occurred in 35 (25%) after subtotal thyroidectomy and in 19
      (11%) after lobectomy. The commonest cause of voice change appeared to be injury
      to the external laryngeal nerves on one or both sides. Damage to the recurrent
      laryngeal nerve, which was routinely identified and protected, was rarely a
      cause. When the external laryngeal nerves were identified and preserved,
      permanent voice changes occurred in only 5% of cases; this was similar to the
      incidence of 3% in controls after endotracheal intubation alone. The course of
      the external laryngeal nerve is variable, and consequently mass ligation of the
      vessels at the top of the upper pole will damage it in a high proportion of
      cases. To minimise this serious complication these nerves should be identified
      and protected as well as the recurrent nerves and voice function should be
      assessed early in the postoperative period by laryngoscopy and by a speech
      therapist.

PMID- 6437578
TI  - Spleen size in chronic renal failure.
AB  - To investigate the cause of clinically detectable splenomegaly, which is common
      in patients receiving regular haemodialysis, splenic volume was assessed by
      isotopic scanning using intravenously injected technetium-99m microspheres in 34
      controls and 149 patients with chronic renal failure. Of the patients, 16 had
      never received dialysis, 10 were undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis, 94
      were undergoing regular haemodialysis, and 29 had undergone successful renal
      transplantation more than nine months previously. Mean splenic volume was
      increased only in the patients who were receiving haemodialysis. Splenic
      enlargement was probably not due to iron overload as it occurred in all patients
      who had received haemodialysis, 14 of whom had not received intravenous iron. No
      patient had had hepatitis. Splenic enlargement was probably related to the
      process of haemodialysis itself and may have been due either to red cell damage
      produced by haemodialysis or to an immunological reaction induced by a component
      of haemodialysis, possibly ethylene oxide.

PMID- 6437579
TI  - Comparison of cimetidine 800 mg once daily and 400 mg twice daily in acute
      duodenal ulceration.
AB  - A double blind trial was conducted in seven centres to evaluate the safety and
      efficacy of cimetidine 800 mg given at night compared with 400 mg given at
      breakfast and at bedtime. Altogether 197 patients with active duodenal ulcer
      confirmed by endoscopy entered the study, of whom 187 were eligible for analysis.
      After four weeks' treatment the ulcer was healed in 76 of 91 patients (84%)
      receiving the once daily regimen and in 65 of the 96 patients (68%) receiving the
      twice daily regimen (p less than 0.05). Both dosage regimens were equally
      effective in reducing ulcer pain and consumption of antacids. Pain relief was
      considerable within the first two weeks, and most of the patients were free of
      symptoms by the end of treatment. No patients were withdrawn because of adverse
      events as these were few and mild, consistent with the proved safety profile of
      cimetidine. Cimetidine 800 mg given at night is as effective as 400 mg twice
      daily; the single dose regimen may improve patient compliance, thus facilitating
      treatment.

PMID- 6437580
TI  - Acceptance of viewdata for poisons information.

PMID- 6437581
TI  - Fine bore enteral feeding and pulmonary aspiration.

PMID- 6437582
TI  - Comparison of immunoglobulin and malaria antibody values in rural Kenyans.

PMID- 6437583
TI  - Value of follow up in testicular cancer.

PMID- 6437584
TI  - An epidemiological method applied to practices to measure the representativeness
      of their prescribing characteristics.
AB  - The standardised report of the Prescription Pricing Authority, which is concerned
      with the prescribing characteristics of practices, was used as an epidemiological
      tool to evaluate the prescribing representativeness of practices. Study practices
      were compared with average prescribing results from family practitioner
      committees, which are specific for the geographical district and month sampled.
      The method was applied in 40 practices, representing 120 doctors who had been
      recruited to the third morbidity study in general practice. In these practices
      488 items per 1000 people had been prescribed compared with 548 items per 1000
      people from the matched values of family practitioner committees. There was a
      parallel reduction in the net ingredient cost of items per 1000 people--1414
      pounds for the practices compared with 1600 pounds for the family practitioner
      committees. These differences were highly significant. The average net ingredient
      cost was the same for both groups. Study practices were biased towards reduced
      prescribing costs for drugs used to treat infections, respiratory diseases,
      disorders of the nervous system, skin disease, rheumatic disorders, and
      gastrointestinal problems. The comparison and its interpretation provide a model
      that may be used by individual practices to evaluate their own prescribing
      reports.

PMID- 6437585
TI  - Domiciliary immunisation for preschool child defaulters.
AB  - A selective domiciliary immunisation service has been introduced for preschool
      children living in the Central Manchester Health District. The service is
      provided for the children of parents who have given written consent for
      immunisation but have subsequently failed to bring their children to the clinic
      or their general practitioner's surgery to start or complete the basic course of
      immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, and
      measles. This failure has occurred despite at least two written invitations for
      each injection and several reminders from the health visitor. Many additional
      children have been protected by this scheme.

PMID- 6437586
TI  - Persistence of divergent views of hospital staff in detecting and managing
      hypertension.
AB  - A questionnaire concerning views of hospital clinical staff was completed by 408
      out of 542 staff (75%), comprising 214 medical staff of all clinical specialties,
      106 first year clinical medical students, and 88 third year student nurses. On
      average 386 of 407 (95%) thought that blood pressure should be measured routinely
      in all inpatients but only 294 of 404 (73%) thought that this was appropriate for
      outpatients. Although 251 of 390 (64%) were taught to use the muffling of sounds
      (phase IV) as the diastolic blood pressure, only 219 of 406 (54%) actually used
      this phase alone. There were appreciable differences between the grades of staff
      in this respect, a small majority of most grades using phase IV. Roughly half (50
      out of 102) of the medical student respondents were taught to use phase IV, but
      only 38 of 106 (36%) were actually using this phase. While only three out of 16
      general practitioners were using phase IV diastolic blood pressure alone, the
      figure was 66 out of 88 (75%) for student nurses. The level of diastolic blood
      pressure at which clinicians would begin to treat a 50 year old asymptomatic man
      ranged from 90 to 121 mm Hg. When these figures were corrected to phase V values,
      assuming a 5 mm Hg difference between phases IV and V, the range was 85 to 116 mm
      Hg. Despite the general agreement among physicians interested in hypertension
      that the disappearance of sounds (phase V) should be used to denote diastolic
      blood pressure there is still considerable divergence of opinion among hospital
      medical staff.

PMID- 6437587
TI  - What to do with a sick elderly woman who refuses to go to hospital.

PMID- 6437588
TI  - Hospital building in the NHS. Ideas and designs I: from Greenwich to best buy.

PMID- 6437589
TI  - Communicable diseases. Influenza surveillance: November 1983-June 1984.

PMID- 6437590
TI  - Practical help in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6437591
TI  - Hypoglycaemia in acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia: report of two cases and review
      of published work.

PMID- 6437592
TI  - Pharmacoepidemiology.

PMID- 6437593
TI  - Who needs clinical pharmacology?

PMID- 6437594
TI  - Maggots dyed with chrysoidine.

PMID- 6437595
TI  - Algorithm for modified alkaline diuresis in salicylate poisoning.

PMID- 6437596
TI  - Plasma exchange in rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6437597
TI  - Failure of the cervical cytology screening programme.

PMID- 6437598
TI  - Colposcopy in a district general hospital.

PMID- 6437599
TI  - AIDS: an old disease from Africa?

PMID- 6437600
TI  - End of static decade for coronary heart disease?

PMID- 6437601
TI  - Common bacterial pathogens and resistance to antibiotics.

PMID- 6437602
TI  - Court come true--for better or for worse?

PMID- 6437603
TI  - Doctors and general management.

PMID- 6437604
TI  - Specific lysis by 6-hydroxydopamine of catecholaminergic synaptosomes prepared
      from rat cerebrum.
AB  - The toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine on synaptosomes prepared from rat cerebra was
      investigated. The drug caused synaptolysis, and the lytic effect was specific to
      catecholaminergic synaptosomes, since no neurotransmitters (serotonin and amino
      acids) other than catecholamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) were liberated by
      the drug.

PMID- 6437605
TI  - Role of the septum on LH, FSH and prolactin secretion in male rats.
AB  - Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in male
      Wistar rats: (a) Four days after a septal lesion (n = 19) and (b) Just following
      electrical stimulation of the septum (n = 15). Septal lesions induced a
      significant decrease in serum LH (16.37 +/- 2.01 vs. 30.27 +/- 2.08 ng/ml; p less
      than 0.001) and testosterone concentrations (0.53 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.14
      ng/ml; p less than 0.02). No significant changes were observed for FSH or PRL
      levels. Electrical septal stimulation induced an increase in serum levels of LH
      (211.5 +/- 46.4 vs. 29.6 +/- 11.5 ng/ml; p less than 0.01) and FSH (703 +/- 83
      vs. 378 +/- 57 ng/ml; p less than 0.01), without changes in PRL or testosterone
      concentrations. From these data we conclude that in male rats the septum may play
      a role in the mechanisms controlling gonadotropins release by the anterior
      pituitary gland.

PMID- 6437606
TI  - [Acute inflammation and hyperalgesia: their consequences on the responses of
      various neurons of the ventrobasal thalamic complex in rats].
AB  - Neuronal responses elicited in the ventrobasal thalamic complex by somatic
      noxious stimuli are facilitated early in the course of carrageenin-induced acute
      inflammation, (i) the responses evoked by noxious stimuli applied on the injected
      paw were enhanced (50-300%); (ii) similar increase was also observed for
      responses obtained from preexisting receptive fields distinct from the injection
      site; (iii) moreover, new responses could be elicited by noxious stimuli applied
      in initially unresponsive areas. These data suggest the involvement of central
      mechanisms underlying these changes.

PMID- 6437607
TI  - [Hypotheses on the evolution of DNA and organic beings].
AB  - An hypothesis is presented in which all the genes of living organisms are
      proposed to arise from the juxtaposition of the genes from different elementary
      organisms. There would be no creation of genes afterwards, only modification by
      mutations. The ulterior transformation of organisms would be due to evolution of
      chromosomes towards the most stable state, by crossing over during meioses.

PMID- 6437608
TI  - [Chronologic course of the content of lead, cadmium and zinc in human bones in
      France].
AB  - The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn have been determined in human bones from the
      past 5,600 years. During this time the level of Zn in bones was stable.
      Concentration of Cd was low and stable throughout the ages until it increased
      recently by an order of magnitude. Concentration of Pb increased by one order of
      magnitude in the Middle Ages and returned again to a low level in the
      contemporary population of Paris.

PMID- 6437609
TI  - [Binding sites for 5-hydroxytryptophan in the oculomotor nucleus and red nucleus
      of rat brain].
AB  - We have shown the presence of a specific binding of 5 hydroxytryptophan in the
      red nucleus and oculomotor nucleus of the Rat brain. The analysis of the
      saturation curve carried out on a membrane preparation suggests the existence of
      a high affinity binding site (Kd = 1 nM).

PMID- 6437610
TI  - [Mitogenic factors for BALB/c 3T3 cells isolated from the serum of horses by
      affinity chromatography on a column using fetal calf serum as the ligand].
AB  - Fetal calf serum (SVF), insolubilized on a sepharose matrix, retains mitogenic
      factors (FM) from horse serum (SC) which can be eluted by molar acetic acid. The
      FM can: 1 degree initiate the synthesis of DNA in serum starved, contact
      inhibited 3T3 BALB/c fibroblasts and 2 degrees allow at least three generations
      to take place. The FM have no antitryptic activity and do not allow cell
      attachment. Weight to weight, this fraction is 10 to 50 times more active than
      horse serum. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that various proteins are
      present, particularly immunoglobulins. The intervention of epidermal growth
      factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or the platelet-derived growth
      factor (PDGF) have been excluded.

PMID- 6437611
TI  - [Coronary arteries and their variations. An embryological explanation].
AB  - The main coronary arteries originate from three vascular circles: The
      atrioventricular circle, which forms the right coronary artery and the circumflex
      branch of the left coronary artery; the interampullary circle, which gives rise
      to the anterior and posterior descending coronary arteries; and the conotruncal
      circle, also known as the circle of Vieussens, which communicates with the lumen
      of the truncus arteriosus by way of the coronary ostia and which also anastomoses
      with the other two coronary arterial circles, thereby establishing the definitive
      coronary arterial circulation. A diagram facilitates an easy representation of
      the numerous variations of the coronary arteries that have been described.

PMID- 6437612
TI  - [Selection of genotypes of Schistosoma mansoni and their maintenance by sporocyst
      transplantation].
AB  - Schistosoma mansoni was isolated by hatching eggs obtained from a naturally
      infected Rat in Grand Etang, Guadeloupe; fifty Biomphalaria glabrata were exposed
      to five miracidia each. The resulting cercariae were used to infect laboratory
      mice which were later sacrificed to provide worms for enzyme analyses and eggs
      for further infections. Seven enzymes in extracts of individual worms were
      examined by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels: AcP, G6PDH, PGM, GPI and
      HK showed no variation, whereas MDH and LDH proved to be polymorphic. Two MDH
      loci were recognised, MDH-2 was invariant whereas two alleles were assumed at the
      MDH-1 locus. It was not possible to make a genetic interpretation of the complex
      banding pattern of LDH, although 4 types (LDH-A, -B, -C, -D) were observed. Of
      the snail infections, one batch of snails was exposed to 5 miracidia per snail in
      the normal way whereas other snails were each exposed to a single miracidium. The
      latter were sacrificed to provide sporocysts to transplant into further groups of
      recipient snails. Cercariae from the recipient snails were used to infect mice
      and the adult worms were analysed and compared with the normally passaged
      material. In this way, three lines, defined by the possession of particular MDH
      and LDH types, were selected from the originally polymorphic population; two were
      identical. The combination of single miracidium infections and enzyme typing has
      illustrated the possibility of selecting parasite lines of known genotype;
      transplantation of sporocysts from snail to snail has demonstrated that such
      lines can be maintained exclusively in the intermediate host.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437613
TI  - [Stability without selection pressure of the plasmid pTG 201 during continuous
      fermentation of Escherichia coli BZ 18 immobilized in a carrageenan gel].
AB  - Escherichia coli BZ 18 harboring the plasmid pTG 201 and immobilized in
      carrageenan gel beads in continuous culture without selection pressure, provides
      a better stability of the plasmid than free cells, with an approximately equal
      production of biomass.

PMID- 6437614
TI  - [Fluorescence decay curves under pulsed excitation: distinction between free and
      bound NAD(P)H on isolated living cells].
AB  - Under pulsed excitation the decay curve of the intrinsic cellular fluorescence
      has been recorded using an original equipment. Cell by cell experiments are
      feasible so that the NAD(P)H bound/free ratio and the relaxation time
      characteristic of bound NAD(P)H can be used in order to build up histograms
      characterizing the cell population.

PMID- 6437615
TI  - [Is baldness a thermoregulatory adaptive process?].
AB  - In 100 adult men the area of the face and neck where beard was growing was
      measured and compared to that of glabrous skin on the forehead and calvaria. In
      the population as a whole, forehead area was found to be proportional to bearded
      area. Forehead and calvaria sweat rate was measured on 10 baldheaded male
      subjects and compared with that of 10 hairy control subjects during mild
      hyperthermia. Bald skin was found to sweat more than twice as much as hairy skin.
      In the light of these results the hypothesis that baldness is a thermoregulatory
      adaptative process is proposed.

PMID- 6437616
TI  - [Long-term changes in the activity of Purkinje cells and efferent cerebellar
      neurons following bilateral destruction of the inferior olive].
AB  - The spontaneous discharge frequency of Purkinje cells and neurones of the
      cerebellar nuclei was evaluated in rats after complete bilateral destruction of
      their inferior olive with 3-acetylpyridine, performed one day to six months
      before. The deafferentation from the climbing fibers produced an increased
      inhibitory action of the Purkinje cells on their target neurones, lasting at
      least for one week. A relative compensation took place progressively during the
      first month, but the normal activity of the circuit did not recover even after
      six months.

PMID- 6437617
TI  - [Neuronal network with modifiable synapses: decoding of composite sensory
      messages under unsupervised and permanent learning].
AB  - Afferent sensory fibers carry usually messages which combine several primitive
      entities. A model of neural structure under unsupervised and permanent learning
      is proposed, which can detect the primary independent entities mixed in the
      afferent message. The model is a network of neurons mutually interconnected by
      means of inhibitory modifiable synapses with efficacies locally controlled by a
      specific conjunction law of pre- and post-synaptic activities.

PMID- 6437618
TI  - [Presence of high concentrations of aluminum in neurons of a patient dying from a
      rapidly developing dementia].
AB  - Ultrastructural observation of brain cells of a patient dead from senile dementia
      associated with myoclonies, has shown a number of intracytoplasmic dense
      structures. High concentration of Aluminium has been detected in these structures
      by electron probe X ray analysis. The clinical symptomatology, the evolution and
      the cell pathology observed in this patients are very similar to the classical
      features observed in dialysis encephalopathy the origin of which is an aluminium
      intoxication. In this patient, the possible origin of the intoxication is the
      absorption in the last 10 years of aluminium gels.

PMID- 6437619
TI  - [Possible inspiratory or expiratory synergism between various external and
      internal intercostal muscles in cats].
AB  - The electrical activities of the lateral parts of the external and internal
      intercostal muscles were recorded in decerebrated cats during eupnea and in the
      course of artificially induced dyspnoea, elicited in order to reinforce the
      inspiratory or expiratory central drive. Our results indicate that in the
      cephalic spaces (1st to 5th rib), external and internal intercostals are
      synergists during inspiration. In the caudal spaces (9th to 13th rib), the same
      muscles are activated during expiration only. In the intermediate part of the
      thorax (5th to 9th rib), external intercostals are inspiratory muscles, internal
      intercostals are expiratory muscles.

PMID- 6437620
TI  - [Postnatal development of functional properties of the visual cortical cells of
      area 18 in kittens raised with or without visual experience].
AB  - 866 units were recorded extracellularly in area 18 of anaesthetized and paralysed
      kittens from 13 to 66 days of age. The development of their receptive field
      properties was studied in normally (EN) and dark-reared (EO) kittens. In addition
      to orientation selective (S) and non-selective (NS) cells, we found a number of
      non-selective units whose receptive field was surrounded by a peripheral zone
      (NSp) where stationary stimuli were effective. In EN kittens, the orientation
      selectivity developed with age and concomitantly, NS and NSp cells disappeared.
      Ocular dominance distribution was also gradually modified from a contralateral
      monocular dominance at 13 days of age to an adult-like binocularity at 58 days.
      In EO kittens, the early orientation selectivity began to decrease at the 5th
      week. From then on, the process of despecification started and progressed until
      nearly all cells were NS. Absence of visual experience also delayed the
      development of mature binocularity. In 6 week old EO kittens, a 6 hrs. visual
      exposure induced a fast but uncomplete specification with decrease of both NS and
      NSp cells and a slight modification of the ocular dominance distribution. The
      comparison of these results with those obtained in area 17 shows that functional
      properties vary more slowly in area 18 than in area 17.

PMID- 6437621
TI  - [Photochemical affinity labeling of the macrolide binding site on the 70S E. coli
      ribosome].
AB  - Photoactivation of the alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone-epoxide system of [3H]
      dihydrorosaramycin at a wavelength above 300 nm allows the covalent attachment of
      the antibiotic to its receptor site. The radioactivity is mainly associated to
      proteins L1, L5, L6, S1; as a consequence, the binding site of this type of drug
      could be located at the peptidyltransferase center and in between both subunits.

PMID- 6437622
TI  - [BD-40, intercalating 9-azaellipticine derivative, induces breaks in cellular DNA
      associated with protein bridges].
AB  - The nature of the lesions induced in cell DNA by BD-40, a chemical analog of
      Ellipticine was analyzed by submitting DNA from drug-treated cells to alkaline
      sucrose gradient centrifugation. DNA size reduction was only observed when cell
      lysates were digested by proteolytic enzymes. This result indicates that BD-40
      induces DNA breaks which are masked by bridges involving DNA-protein interaction.
      This is a new type of DNA lesion induced in DNA by an intercalating agent.

PMID- 6437623
TI  - [Potentiation of the effect of steroid hormones (progesterone and testosterone)
      inducing the reinitiation of meiosis in Xenopus oocytes in vitro, by inhibitors
      of phosphatase activity].
AB  - The induction of meiosis reinitiation by steroid hormones (progesterone and
      testosterone) in Xenopus laevis oocytes was studied in vitro in presence of
      inhibitors of phosphatase activity such as beta-glycerophosphate, considered as a
      competitive inhibitor, and the two ions, Zn++ and MoO--4. Kinetics of the
      germinal vesicle breakdown indicating the reinitiation of meiosis, have shown
      that while these phosphatase inhibitors were not active by themselves under the
      present experimental conditions, they enhanced the process elicited by
      progesterone or testosterone.

PMID- 6437624
TI  - The scientific approach to cancer control.

PMID- 6437625
TI  - Interrelationship of cancer control and clinical research in the community.

PMID- 6437626
TI  - Is aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy the Halsted radical of the '80s?

PMID- 6437627
TI  - Fecal occult blood test.

PMID- 6437628
TI  - Malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6437629
TI  - Sexual rehabilitation of urologic cancer patients.

PMID- 6437630
TI  - Esthesioneuroblastoma.

PMID- 6437631
TI  - Growth of disseminated cancer.

PMID- 6437632
TI  - [Effect of iodized salt on the prevention and treatment of infantile
      hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6437633
TI  - [Ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle biopsy in the diagnosis of tumors
      of the liver, pancreas and biliary system].

PMID- 6437634
TI  - [Epicardial mapping in 26 cases].

PMID- 6437635
TI  - [A correlative study on X-ray and pathologic changes in Kashin-Beck disease].

PMID- 6437636
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory studies on acute bacterial diarrhea].

PMID- 6437637
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (FLA-ABS)
      test for detecting subclinical infection by Mycobacterium leprae].

PMID- 6437638
TI  - [Suppressive effect of wurenchun on the plaque forming cell (PFC) and specific
      rosette formation cell (SRFC) of mice].

PMID- 6437639
TI  - [Study on glucocorticoid receptors in intracranial lesions].

PMID- 6437640
TI  - [Conjunctival and renal surface microcirculation changes in shock rabbits].

PMID- 6437641
TI  - [Electron microscopic observation on platelet microaggregation in dogs during
      septic shock].

PMID- 6437642
TI  - [Plasma renin and angiotensin II contents in healthy adults and factors affecting
      these levels].

PMID- 6437643
TI  - [Morphological changes of the eye in highland polycythemia].

PMID- 6437644
TI  - Clinical experience with alfentanil for induction of anaesthesia; a comparison
      with thiopentone.
AB  - Alfentanil, a new short-acting narcotic was clinically evaluated as an
      intravenous anaesthetic induction agent in 19 patients and compared to 20
      patients receiving thiopentone. Alfentanil was superior to thiopentone in
      cardiovascular stability, both during induction of anaesthesia and tracheal
      intubation. However, alfentanil does not behave like a typical induction agent,
      time to unconsciousness is longer and more variable and is often accompanied by
      muscle rigidity. The results of this study suggest that alfentanil is more
      difficult to use as an induction agent than thiopentone, but alfentanil is
      recommended for short procedures when haemodynamic stability is important.

PMID- 6437645
TI  - Purification and characterization of a chymosinlike protease from the gastric
      mucosa of harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus).
AB  - Four zymogens of acidic proteases A, B, C, and D were isolated from the gastric
      mucosa of harp seals by ion-exchange chromatography on a diethylaminoethyl
      Sephadex A-50 column. The major zymogens were A and C, and the ratio of zymogen A
      to zymogen C was greater in extracts from 1-week-old animals than in extracts
      from adult animals. Zymogens A and C were further purified by affinity
      chromatography using carbobenzoxy-D-phenylalaninetriethylene tetramine Sepharose
      and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. Certain physical and catalytic
      properties of proteases A and C were compared with those of calf chymosin (EC
      3.4.23.4) and porcine pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1). Zymogen C and the corresponding
      enzyme were homogeneous on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Zymogen
      A was homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography, but was heterogeneous
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3. Zymogens A and C had molecular
      weights of 33 800 and 44 000, respectively, as estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Protease A had an isoelectric point of 4.90. Protease A was
      similar to calf chymosin with respect to several criteria. It had a higher ratio
      of milk-clotting to proteolytic activity than those of seal protease C and
      porcine pepsin and had a pH optimum of 2.2-3.5 for hemoglobin hydrolysis. It did
      not inactivate ribonuclease, had very low activity on N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-3,5
      diiodo-L-tyrosine and lost activity in 6 M urea. These results indicate protease
      A is chymosinlike.

PMID- 6437646
TI  - Molecular packing in steroid-lecithin monolayers. IV. Mixed films of
      epicoprostanol with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Studies of the two-component monomolecular film system, dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) - epicoprostanol have been carried out at 21 degrees C
      utilizing a wide compositional range of films. The results obtained indicate that
      on initial mixing of the two components, epicoprostanol condensed expanded DPPC
      films to a greatly reduced degree and expanded condensed DPPC films to a
      significantly greater degree compared with cholesterol. It is thought that, even
      on an initial compressional procedure, partial microscopic segregation of
      epicoprostanol takes place. The segregation is postulated to result from an
      epicoprostanol-epicoprostanol overlap, leading to row packing with an
      accompanying reduction in the number of adjacent acyl chains. Subsequent
      decompression and recompression of DPPC-epicoprostanol films leads to macroscopic
      segregation of pure or nearly pure epicoprostanol; however, partial miscibility
      below 20 mol% epicoprostanol may persist. The phase diagram of the initially
      compressed film may be of the eutectic type, but the mixed system is unstable.
      The inability of epicoprostanol to substitute for cholesterol appears to be due
      to a combination of two effects: the tilting of the sterol at the air-water
      interface, to satisfy the immersion requirements of the 3 alpha-OH group, and the
      bent alpha-face of the sterol. The alpha-OH group of epicoprostanol is postulated
      to play an indirect role in the weak condensation capabilities of this sterol by
      inducing a tilt in the molecule and reducing epicoprostanol - acyl chain
      hydrophobic interactions.

PMID- 6437647
TI  - Inhibition of microtubule polymerization by micromolar concentrations of mercury
      (II).
AB  - Polymerization of microtubule protein in vitro has been tested in the presence of
      Hg2+. Inhibition occurs in the presence of Hg2+ concentrations lower than the
      molarity of the tubulin, even in the presence of 0.5 mM
      ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid. The estimated concentration of
      free Hg2+ under these conditions is less than 10(-20) M. The extent of inhibition
      is approximately stoichiometric in that the molar quantity of tubulin that fails
      to polymerize is comparable to or slightly greater than the total Hg2+ present as
      chelate. The affinity of the susceptible site for Hg2+ in microtubule protein
      must be exceptionally high and may not be protected by natural chelating agents
      in the cell. Preformed microtubules are rapidly depolymerized on addition of Hg2+
      chelate. In vitro, inhibition is both prevented and rapidly reversed by 2
      mercaptoethanol.

PMID- 6437648
TI  - Plasma glucose and insulin responses in growing rats fed a total parenteral
      nutrition diet either intravenously or intragastrically.
AB  - The effect of administering either intravenously (group I) or intragastrically
      (group II) a glucose-amino acid total parenteral nutrition diet over a 12-day
      period upon plasma glucose and insulin responses was examined in adolescent rats.
      Infusion of the 25% glucose - 12.2% amino acid diet at a rate of 300 kCal X kg
      body weight-1 X 24 h-1 supported normal weight gain over the 12-day study period
      in both intravenously (group I) and intragastrically (group II) alimented rats.
      Mean plasma glucose levels rose dramatically in both groups by the end of day 1;
      group I had significantly higher mean plasma insulin levels. By day 3, the group
      I mean plasma glucose value decreased significantly while the group II mean
      glucose value remained virtually unchanged. Mean plasma insulin values more than
      doubled in both groups with the group I level still remaining significantly above
      the group II level. At days 6 and 12, group I mean plasma glucose levels were
      significantly below group II while both groups had similar plasma insulin levels.
      Data from this 12-day intravenous-intragastric alimentation study reveals quite
      different metabolic responses compared with acute (120-180 min) studies of the
      enteroinsular axis.

PMID- 6437649
TI  - Effect of upper airway carbon dioxide on ventilation and blood gases in the awake
      pony.
AB  - Carbon dioxide concentrations were increased during expiration in the upper one
      half of the trachea, pharynx, and nasal sinuses to determine if elevation of
      upper airway CO2 would alter breathing or arterial blood gases in the awake pony.
      Carbon dioxide (100%) was injected into the midcervical trachea via a chronically
      implanted transcutaneous cannula during the first part of the animal's
      expiration. This maneuver elevated upper airway expiratory CO2 concentrations but
      prevented any exogenous CO2 from entering the lung and being absorbed into the
      arterial blood. Twelve experiments were performed on six ponies in which upper
      airway CO2 was elevated 2, 4, and 6% above the normal expired CO2 concentrations.
      Tidal volume increased in a dose dependent manner during upper airway CO2
      exposure, but total ventilation was unchanged from base-line measurements made
      while the animal breathed room air. Arterial Po2 also increased during upper
      airway CO2 administration, reaching a mean value 6 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa)
      greater than the base-line values at the +6% CO2 exposure. We conclude that upper
      airway CO2 exposure alters breathing pattern slightly (increases tidal volume)
      and increases arterial PO2 in the awake pony.

PMID- 6437650
TI  - Androgen inhibition of FSH-stimulated progesterone production by granulosa cells
      of prepubertal pigs.
AB  - Androgens have been reported to stimulate progesterone production by granulosa
      cells of several species, and to act synergistically with FSH in stimulation of
      progesterone accumulation by rat granulosa cells. Studies were undertaken to
      examine the effect of androgens on FSH-stimulated progesterone production in
      culture by granulosa cells derived from prepubertal pig ovaries. When included in
      24-h culture with FSH, both androstenedione and testosterone caused a reduction
      in progesterone accumulation, but dihydrotestosterone and androsterone did not.
      Granulosa cells were cultured for 24 h with FSH and [14C]progesterone with or
      without testosterone; testosterone did not affect the rate of overall metabolism
      of [14C]progesterone and it was therefore concluded that testosterone inhibited
      progesterone synthesis, rather than enhancing its catabolism. 17 beta-Estradiol
      also inhibited FSH-stimulated progesterone accumulation. To determine whether the
      action of testosterone was mediated by conversion to estradiol, granulosa cells
      were cultured with FSH and testosterone with or without an aromatase inhibitor (4
      acetoxy-androstenedione). The aromatase inhibitor failed to prevent the
      testosterone-induced reduction in progesterone accumulation, although it markedly
      inhibited estradiol accumulation. These results indicate that theca-derived
      androgens can inhibit FSH-stimulated progesterone production by granulosa cells
      in the prepubertal pig, independently of estradiol.

PMID- 6437651
TI  - Role of calcium in heart metabolism.
AB  - The role of calcium in modulating the activity of enzymes and transport pathways
      in heart muscle is briefly reviewed, with emphasis on its participation in the
      modulation of sarcolemmal glucose transport, which is normally the rate-limiting
      step in glucose utilization. Evidence for and against the "calcium hypothesis" of
      glucose transport regulation is discussed. Data from isolated myocardial
      preparations are presented to illustrate the dependence of glucose transport on
      Ca2+ and the role of this ion in coupling changes in cellular activity and
      metabolism to appropriate adjustments in the transport rate. It is shown that
      glucose transport is stimulated when cytosolic Ca2+ levels are raised, e.g., by
      activation of sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange, by beta-adrenergic agents, by
      muscular contraction and inotropic interventions, and by intracellular Ca2+
      release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Stimulation of
      transport by insulin is also partially Ca2+ dependent. The main negative feedback
      on glucose transport is from the oxidation of fatty acids, ketone bodies, etc.,
      and it is suggested that alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes may be
      responsible.

PMID- 6437652
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by ovine allantoic fluid: acute reduction
      in inhibitory activity during late gestation.
AB  - The capacity of ovine allantoic fluid to modulate prostaglandin (PG) synthesis
      was measured in fluid taken from ewes at 100-140 days gestation. An inhibitor of
      PG synthesis was found in allantoic fluid from ewes at 100-130 days gestation.
      The inhibitor had the capacity to inhibit PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      synthesis by endometrial cotyledon microsomes in a concentration-dependent
      manner. At 140 days gestation, the inhibitory potency of the fluid was
      significantly less than that present at 100-130 days gestation, at concentrations
      greater than 20% (v/v) (p less than 0.001). The inhibitor is not albumin and
      remained active after boiling, dialysis, and protease treatment. It was extracted
      with chloroform-methanol, indicating that the active portion of the molecule is a
      lipid. We suggest that parturition in the sheep may be associated with a local
      withdrawal of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6437653
TI  - Experimental meningococcal infection in neonatal animals: models for mucosal
      invasiveness.
AB  - A more complete understanding of meningococcal disease has been hampered by lack
      of an appropriate animal model. We subjected 5-day-old guinea pigs, rats, and
      mice to intranasal challenge with meningococci and we measured rates of
      bacteremia as a marker of mucosal invasion. After a single intranasal
      instillation of 10(7) serotype 2 meningococci, positive blood cultures were found
      in 0% of guinea pigs, 16% of rats, and 39% of mice, and so mice were used for
      further studies. Death occurred in 4% of mice and was associated with a purulent
      leptomeningitis and ventriculitis. Forty percent of mice had nasopharyngeal
      colonization which increased to 65% with repeated injections. Carrier strains
      were avirulent, a nonserotype 2 disease strain had low invasiveness, and serotype
      2 strains were most virulent. Iron dextran increased rates of bacteremia after
      challenge with serotype 2 strains. Adult animals were not susceptible to
      bacteremia after intranasal challenge. The neonatal mouse model fulfills most of
      the criteria for an appropriate experimental model of meningococcal disease.

PMID- 6437654
TI  - Experimental meningococcal infection in neonatal mice: differences in virulence
      between strains isolated from human cases and carriers.
AB  - The lack of availability of a suitable animal model has limited understanding of
      the pathophysiology of meningococcal disease. We have utilized a neonatal mouse
      model in which atraumatic intranasal inoculation of meningococci results in
      nasopharyngeal colonization and ultimately bacteremia. Using this model, we
      compared the virulence of seven encapsulated meningococcal carrier strains with
      eight meningococcal strains which were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid or blood
      of patients (disease strains). Intraperitoneal (IP) iron dextran was given to
      some animals to enhance meningococcal virulence. After IP iron, carrier strains
      were still poorly invasive with rates of bacteremia ranging from 0 to 15% (mean =
      3%), whereas disease-associated strains were significantly more invasive and
      caused bacteremia in 31-64% of animals (mean = 39%). Without iron injections,
      nasopharyngeal colonization rates were similar (36 versus 30%, P greater than
      0.1) for case and carrier strains. IP iron dextran significantly enhanced rates
      of colonization and bacteremia caused by the disease strains only. We have,
      therefore, shown that the relative virulence of meningococcal strains for humans
      is maintained in this experimental model.

PMID- 6437655
TI  - Tyrosinase activity in Streptomyces glaucescens is controlled by three
      chromosomal loci.
AB  - In Streptomyces glaucescens the production of the enzyme tyrosinase (EC
      1.14.18.1) is controlled by at least three loci: MELA, MELB, and MELC. Mutations
      in MELA and MELB are rare. They both map on the S. glaucescens chromosome in the
      interval between the markers leu-2 and ura-3. MELC, however, shows an
      exceptionally high mutation rate. MelC strains arise spontaneously with a
      frequency of about 0.1%, and they can be specifically induced with ethidium
      bromide, acridine orange, or by prolonged storage of spores or mycelium at 4
      degrees C. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine under conditions which induce auxotrophic mutations, however, do
      not specifically induce the appearance of tyrosinase-negative strains. Most, but
      not all, of the melC strains acquire additional mutations which make them
      sensitive to streptomycin (strS) and unable to produce hydroxystreptomycin.
      Mapping of the mutations classified as melC proves to be difficult. Some of the
      matings indicate a map position between his-2 and pro-1, while others, all highly
      unbalanced crosses, can not be analyzed in a meaningful way because of abnormal
      segregation of the reference markers. This is probably due to some of the
      additional mutations which occur frequently with the melC mutations and not to
      extrachromosomal inheritance of MELC.

PMID- 6437656
TI  - Newborn circumcision: an economic perspective.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyse the hypothesis that prophylactic
      circumcision of male newborns is economically beneficial to the health care
      system in Canada. The minimal dollar benefits that would justify this conclusion
      were determined. The cost of the procedure was calculated in three Hamilton, Ont.
      hospitals and found to average about $38. The health benefits of circumcision are
      uncertain, but a review of the literature suggested that penile carcinoma is the
      most serious (and costly) disease potentially prevented by circumcision.
      Published estimates of the incidence rates, age at onset and costs incurred as a
      result of this disease were used in calculations of the per-case cost of
      prevention: $13.6 million. The authors conclude that the monetary benefits of
      circumcising newborns will not exceed this cost. It is proposed that the
      procedure be regarded as cosmetic surgery and be paid for by parents who wish the
      procedure carried out rather than by taxpayer-funded health insurance plans.

PMID- 6437657
TI  - Metabolic consequences of nutritional support of the cancer patient.
AB  - The year 1983-1984 has been a period of evaluation and examination of efficacy of
      nutritional support of the cancer patient. The early observation that individual
      patients, unable to ingest, digest, or absorb food could be nutritionally
      maintained by intravenous nutrition has been repeated in every cancer center. The
      premature application of parenteral nutrition as an adjunct to cancer care and
      the results of clinical trials with small numbers of patients have initiated a
      reevaluation of this therapy, as a routine. The most exciting advances have come
      from the opportunity to utilize nutritional support as a means of investigating
      the basic mechanisms by which the cancer patient disposes of exogenously
      delivered substrate. This opportunity had been initially under-appreciated and is
      only now receiving the full and intensive clinical and laboratory research
      necessary to delineate abnormalities of metabolism that occur in the cancer
      bearing host. Studies have not been performed not only in intact man, but in
      specific organ systems in man during nutritional support. These studies, using
      stable and radioactive isotopes, have given us new insight into the way that the
      cancer patient handles glucose and amino acids. Whether these abnormalities of
      metabolism are due to the cancer or are due to treatment, complications of
      treatment, or inherent starvation accompanying progressive cancer cachexia is
      being examined. Such studies should indicate whether or not therapeutic
      interventions in limiting substrate availability for the tumor while preserving
      the host are possible.

PMID- 6437658
TI  - Granulocytopenia and cancer therapy. Past problems, current solutions, future
      challenges.
AB  - Granulocytopenia has been closely associated with cancer and its treatment. The
      risk for a life-threatening infection when the granulocyte count falls below
      500/mm3 not only is an important complication of therapy and a major cause of
      death in cancer patients but also plays an important role in the design,
      schedule, and doses of cancer treatment regimens. While granulocytopenia remains
      an unavoidable complication of current therapy, improved recognition of patients
      at risk and prompt initiation of aggressive supportive care have had a
      significant impact on reducing its infection-related morbidity and mortality. In
      particular, early empiric antibiotic therapy when the granulocytopenic patient
      becomes febrile has resulted in a significant reduction in the early mortality
      from undiagnosed bacterial infections. New antibiotics (extended-spectrum
      penicillins, third generation cephalosporins) provide new options because of
      their broad efficacy and potential for reducing the toxicity of antimicrobial
      therapy. However, as bacterial infections have become better controlled, fungi
      have emerged as important pathogens. Early aggressive empiric antifungal therapy
      appears to have reduced infectious mortality, although the repertoire of
      effective antifungal agents is quite limited. Considerable efforts have been
      expended in trying to replenish granulocytes by transfusion in infected patients,
      but technical deficiencies have limited this approach. Current and future efforts
      are directed toward refining management as well as to developing methods to
      improve host defenses and provide prophylaxis against infections. If the full
      potential of current cancer therapy is to be realized, control of
      granulocytopenia and the prevention of infections are essential goals.

PMID- 6437659
TI  - New therapeutic approaches for brain tumors.
AB  - In the last decade, advances in the treatment of primary neuroglial tumors of the
      central nervous system in adults have been modest. Theories regarding their
      resistance to treatment have changed little, although now the heterogeneity of
      anaplastic astrocytomas is recognized. The most effective chemotherapeutic agents
      -the nitrosoureas and procarbazine--have been used for more than a decade, with
      no comparably active drugs identified in the meantime. The authors have initiated
      clinical trials using inhibitors of polyamine synthesis and augmentation of the
      known effectiveness of irradiation. These programs will be described with
      preliminary observations.

PMID- 6437660
TI  - Lymphokines, monoclonal antibodies, and other biological response modifiers in
      the treatment of cancer.
AB  - Biologicals and biological response modifiers (BRMs) represent a new class of
      agents for cancer therapy. Historically, there have been many attempts to
      stimulate the immune response with nonspecific immunomodulators in the form of
      bacterial extracts, viruses, and chemicals. Although these approaches have
      occasionally proven useful under defined conditions in experimental models, their
      extension to the clinic has been largely unsuccessful. Recent advances in
      molecular biology and hybridoma technology have made available genetically
      engineered lymphokines and cytokines, as well as monoclonal antibodies, as highly
      purified biologicals for cancer treatment. These agents may act directly on tumor
      cells and/or may act on the patient's own biological responses to induce an
      antitumor response. Selective defects in T-cell function have recently been
      identified in cancer patients and in patients with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS). Simultaneously, the availability of gamma interferon (gamma-IF)
      and interleukin-2 (IL-2) may allow for the selective correction of these T-cell
      deficits, leading to restoration of the patient's immune responses and perhaps
      correction of the clinical syndromes. Preliminary data suggest that gamma-IF and
      IL-2 have in vitro activity on these T-cell defects, and the preliminary evidence
      that these agents have activity in vivo will be reviewed. Extensive trials are
      being conducted at the National Cancer Institute with monoclonal antibodies as
      anticancer agents. Animal model experiments have demonstrated considerable
      antitumor activity of immunoconjugates using monoclonal antibodies tied to
      toxins. Preliminary clinical results suggest that T-101 in leukemia and lymphoma
      and 9.2.27 in malignant melanoma may prove useful as specific reagents in the
      treatment of these disorders. While the antitumor effects with these antibodies
      have not been dramatic, our preliminary data in approximately 30 patients with
      leukemia, lymphoma, and melanoma clearly demonstrate the ability of intravenous
      monoclonal antibody to locate and specifically label tumor cells bearing the
      target antigens. It has been possible to localize antibody on the tumor cells in
      melanoma deposits that are barely visible in the skin. These data and
      radioimaging data suggest a future role for immunoconjugates as anticancer
      agents.

PMID- 6437661
TI  - Current status of high linear energy transfer irradiation.
AB  - Based on laboratory investigations, high linear energy transfer (LET) particle
      irradiation is capable of more efficient cell kill than that associated with
      conventional or low LET irradiation. The advantages of high LET irradiation
      include: (1) a greater ability to damage hypoxic cells; (2) a lesser ability for
      repair of sublethal and potentially lethal radiation-induced damage; (3) less
      variation in radiation sensitivity relative to the cell cycle; and (4) a greater
      ability to deposit the radiation dose in the region of the tumor as opposed to
      the normal surrounding tissue (neutrons do not have this advantage compared to
      other particle therapy). Despite these laboratory advantages, it has been
      difficult to demonstrate any advantage of high LET irradiation in the clinic. A
      number of new developments have occurred to test the role of high LET: (1)
      sophisticated technology to enable treatment delivery with higher dose rate and
      improved depth dose; (2) the construction of hospital-based facilities; and (3)
      the development of randomized studies involving diseases in which the risk of
      early metastasis is minimized. It is hoped that careful study in the clinic over
      the next decade will elucidate the role of high LET particle therapy.

PMID- 6437662
TI  - Recovery from mitomycin C-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. A case report.
AB  - Mitomycin C (MMC) is a cytotoxic agent that may induce a hemolytic uremic
      syndrome (HUS) with severe renal insufficiency. Of all reported patients with
      terminal renal failure only two survived with chronic hemodialysis. A patient
      with advanced gastric cancer in complete remission, who developed MMC-induced
      HUS, is reported; hemodialysis was necessary because of oliguria. Hemolysis
      subsided, and after addition of captopril renal function recovered partially. The
      patient is alive 6 months after discontinuation of hemodialysis. Recently she
      developed brain metastases. Symptoms of hemolysis did not recur. The pathogenesis
      and treatment of HUS are discussed.

PMID- 6437663
TI  - Trisomy 12 in a case of large cell, immunoblastic, polymorphous non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma with IgG kappa monoclonal paraprotein.

PMID- 6437664
TI  - Neurofibromatosis: no chromosomal defect by prophase banding technique.

PMID- 6437665
TI  - Effect of butylated hydroxyanisole on in vivo and in vitro hepatic aflatoxin B1
      DNA binding in rats.
AB  - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) pretreatment of male rats has been examined for
      its effect on in vivo and in vitro hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA binding (AFB1-DNA) in
      these animals. No difference either in cytochrome P-450 content or microsome
      mediated AFB1-DNA was observed between livers from control and treated rats.
      However, cytosols from treated animals showed severalfold more inhibition of
      microsome mediated AFB1 binding to either exogenous or endogenous DNA than
      cytosols from controls. Presence of 1 mM level of either trichloropropene oxide
      or styrene oxide partially reversed the cytosolic inhibition of binding.
      Intraperitoneal administration of AFB1 2h before killing produced 50% less AFB1
      binding to nuclear DNA in treated than in control animals. The role of induced
      glutathione S-transferases in treated rats in modulating hepatic AFB1-DNA binding
      is discussed.

PMID- 6437666
TI  - Studies on the promoting and complete carcinogenic activities of some oxidizing
      chemicals in skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - Six oxidizing chemicals were tested for promoting and complete carcinogenic
      activities in skin carcinogenesis using female Sencar mice. In the promotion
      tests, the chemicals were applied twice a week for 51 weeks after initiation with
      dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). In the tests for complete carcinogenic activities,
      the chemicals alone were applied for 51 weeks. Benzoyl peroxide was found to be a
      potent promoter as reported previously. Moreover, possible complete carcinogenic
      action of this chemical was found in this study. Potential promoting effect was
      suspected in sodium chlorite. Potassium bromate, ammonium persulphate, hydrogen
      peroxide and sodium hypochlorite were inactive either as a promoter or a complete
      carcinogen.

PMID- 6437667
TI  - Fluoranthene and pyrene enhance benzo[a]pyrene--DNA adduct formation in vivo in
      mouse skin.
AB  - Fluoranthene and pyrene are potent cocarcinogens when applied together with
      benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on mouse skin. In this study the effect of fluoranthene,
      pyrene and phenanthrene on the formation of BaP--DNA adducts in mouse skin was
      investigated. Co-application of either fluoranthene or pyrene with [3H]BaP
      resulted in an average increase in the level of [3H]BaP--DNA adducts of 56% to
      66%, respectively, as compared to [3H]BaP alone. Only minor differences were
      observed in the ratio of (+/-)anti- to (+/-)synbenzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide--DNA
      adducts between experimental groups. An average 17% decrease in the formation of
      [3H]BaP--DNA adducts was observed upon co-application of [3H]BaP on mouse skin
      with phenanthrene. These data suggest a correlation between the observed increase
      in tumorigenicity of BaP in the presence of either fluoranthene or pyrene and an
      increase in the formation of (+/-)anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide--DNA adducts.

PMID- 6437668
TI  - Biosynthesis of the potent carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - Earlier studies from this laboratory of the metabolism of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and of benzo[a]pyrene as well as studies of
      mutagenic and carcinogenic activity of some of the metabolic products led to the
      concept that a necessary first step in carcinogenesis by most alkyl substituted
      polycyclic hydrocarbons is biotransformation to a meso-anthracenic hydroxyalkyl
      metabolite, whereas most hydrocarbons lacking alkyl substituents undergo a bio
      alkylation substitution reaction in the mesoanthracenic position(s) or L-region
      as a necessary first step in carcinogenesis. According to this unified
      hypothesis, all strong polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogens must either,
      themselves, bear a meso-anthracenic alkyl substituent or else undergo a bio
      alkylation substitution reaction in vitro and in vivo. Here we report that the
      weak carcinogen benz[a]anthracene undergoes meso-anthracenic methylation by S
      adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), in the presence of a rat liver cytosol preparation,
      in vitro, to form DMBA and presumably the moderately active carcinogens 7
      methylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene. These compounds are
      substrates for further L-region methylation to form the strong carcinogen, DMBA.

PMID- 6437669
TI  - Heterogeneity of human colon carcinoma.
AB  - In order to better understand colon cancer, a model system reflecting the
      heterogenous nature of this disease was developed and used in the development of
      new cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic therapeutic approaches. A large bank of colon
      carcinoma cell lines was established from primary human colon carcinomas and
      grouped based on their tumorigenicity in athymic mice, their growth rates in soft
      agarose and in tissue culture, and their secreted levels of carcinoembryonic
      antigen. These cell lines were later characterized based on cell surface proteins
      and antigens detected with antisera raised against a differentiated colon
      carcinoma cell line. Although these biochemical markers correlated with the
      biological classification of these cell lines, there was still extensive
      heterogeneity within each group in all properties examined. This colon carcinoma
      cell system was used to study natural vs. selected resistance to the anticancer
      drug mitomycin C (MMC). The differing IC50 values in vitro were reflected in the
      inhibition by MMC of xenograft growth in athymic mice. A new, more readily
      bioactivatable analogue of MMC was tried and shown to be more active in vitro and
      in vivo, suggesting that rapid efflux of the drug before activation may be
      important in examining causes of resistance to MMC. Another approach to the
      treatment of colon cancer is the use of non-cytotoxic agents such as growth
      factors and differentiation agents to restore normal growth to the malignant
      cells. We have isolated and characterized two types of polypeptides from colon
      carcinoma cells and conditioned medium from these cells. The first, transforming
      growth factors (TGF's) confer a transformed phenotype on non-transformed
      fibroblasts while the second, tumor inhibitory factors (TIF's), inhibits the
      anchorage independent growth of transformed cells. The fact that extracts of
      colon carcinoma cells contain both activities suggests that the heterogeneity of
      the cell lines could be due to different levels of TGF's and TIF's produced. The
      effectiveness of differentiation agents to restore normal growth control using a
      transformed mouse embryo cell line was examined. Treatment of these cells with
      differentiation agents restored normal growth control to these cells. An
      increased synthesis of TGF's resulted from these treatments. Therefore,
      differentiation agents may be useful in non-cytotoxic treatment. The use of this
      model system for human colon carcinoma will hopefully lead to more effective
      drugs for the treatment of colon cancer in man.

PMID- 6437670
TI  - Antitumor activity and toxicity in animals of RR-150 (7-cysteaminomitosane), a
      new mitomycin derivative.
AB  - The experimental antitumor activity of a new mitomycin derivative, 7
      cysteaminomitosane (RR-150), was evaluated in mice. When administered i.p. to
      mice bearing i.p.-implanted tumors, RR-150 was superior to mitomycin C (MMC) in
      increasing the life span of animals bearing P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma, and a
      line of L1210 leukemia partially resistant to MMC. RR-150 appeared comparable to
      MMC in increasing life span of mice bearing Madison 109 lung carcinoma, Colon 26
      carcinoma, or parental (nonresistant) L1210 leukemia. Mice immunosuppressed with
      550 rads whole-body irradiation prior to i.p. implantation of B16 still benefited
      (e.g., 40% cure rate) following optimal RR-150 therapy when compared to
      nonirradiated, B16-implanted mice given RR-150 (e.g., 70% cure rate). RR-150 had
      inconsistent activity in the treatment of s.c.-implanted tumors. In toxicity
      evaluations, RR-150 was comparable to MMC in suppression of total while blood
      cell counts but appeared to be less neutropenic. RR-150 also caused less
      cumulative leukopenia than did MMC in a weekly chronic dose experiment. Based on
      serum chemistries, RR-150 did not have significant nephrotoxicity, but there was
      evidence of possible liver toxicity at doses near the 50% lethal dose. Because of
      the balance of favorable antitumor and toxicity properties of RR-150, work is
      under way to prepare a more bioavailable form for advanced evaluation.

PMID- 6437671
TI  - Role of NADPH:cytochrome c reductase and DT-diaphorase in the biotransformation
      of mitomycin C1.
AB  - Hypoxic cells of solid tumors are difficult to eradicate by X-irradiation or
      chemotherapy; as an approach to this problem, our laboratories are investigating
      the effects of the bioreductive alkylating agent mitomycin C (MC) on hypoxic
      cells. This antibiotic was preferentially toxic to EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells
      and V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions, but it was
      equitoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence and absence of oxygen.
      All cell lines catalyzed the formation of reactive metabolites under hypoxic
      conditions and contained NADPH:cytochrome c reductase and DT-diaphorase, two
      enzymes which may be responsible for the cellular activation of MC. Although a
      correlation existed between enzymatic activities and the formation of reactive
      metabolites from MC, there was no correspondence between these parameters and the
      degree of cytotoxicity expressed by MC under hypoxic conditions. Purified
      NADPH:cytochrome c reductase reduced MC in the absence of oxygen, with addition
      of cytochrome P-450 enhancing, but not participating directly in, the reduction
      reaction. Addition of NADP+ to cell sonicates substantially reduced
      NADPH:cytochrome c reductase activity, while the formation of reactive
      metabolites was affected only slightly; converse results were observed using
      mersalyl. Exposure of cell sonicates to dicumarol inhibited DT-diaphorase
      activity, while the rate of formation of reactive metabolites of MC was enhanced.
      The findings suggest that NADPH:cytochrome c reductase and some as yet to be
      identified enzyme(s) are important for the reductive activation of MC. DT
      diaphorase and cytochrome P-450 are not directly involved in the activation of
      MC, but they appear to modulate the degree of activation to reactive species,
      which are presumably responsible for the observed cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6437672
TI  - Monoclonal antibody and enzymatic profiles of human malignant T-lymphoid cells
      and derived cell lines.
AB  - Recently, four distinct cell lines were established from patients whose
      malignancies had been defined by immunological and biochemical markers. Each
      patient had a distinct subtype of a T-cell cancer, and each possessed elevated
      adenosine deaminase and reduced nucleoside phosphorylase activity. Cell lines
      cultured in vitro possessed the same basic immunophenotype and biochemical enzyme
      activity as the patients' original malignant cells. In a direct comparison of the
      immunophenotype of the cell lines and the patients' malignant cells, full
      concordance existed for 48 of 52 paired antibody tests performed. However, when
      compared to the corresponding patient's sample, each cell line showed some minor
      changes in antigen expression or enzyme level. Antigen loss, de novo antigen
      expression, or elevated adenosine deaminase levels occurred in the cell lines,
      and these changes were stable on repeated analysis. While there was good general
      concordance between the patient's cancer and the established cell line, minor
      biological differences in the cell lines may reflect cellular maturation or
      subpopulation selection in vitro.

PMID- 6437673
TI  - Inactivation of the thymidine kinase gene after in vitro modification with
      benzo(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide and transfer to LTK- cells as a eukaryotic test for
      carcinogens.
AB  - A recombinant plasmid containing the thymidine kinase (TK) gene (pAGO; 6.36
      kilobases) was reacted in vitro with (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10
      alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene, an ultimate carcinogenic
      metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene. The covalent binding of the metabolite to the
      circular forms of pAGO was visible by a drastic change in their mobility during
      agarose gel electrophoresis. The 4% modified DNA was only partially restricted by
      different endonucleases. Modification and limited restriction were correlated to
      the biological activity by transfer of the plasmid (TK gene), modified and
      unmodified, to TK-deficient cells. Upon transfection of mouse LTK- cells with
      modified plasmid or modified TK gene, no or only a few TK-positive cells were
      obtained, in contrast to the formation of many colonies after transfection with
      the unmodified plasmid (gene). Benzo(a)-pyrene itself and phenanthrene oxide, a
      weakly reactive but noncarcinogenic chemical, did not induce this effect. The
      reactive diol-epoxides of noncarcinogenic benzo(a)acridine and carcinogenic
      benzo(c)acridine showed a weaker but similar decreasing effect on the formation
      of TK+ clones. This inhibition of transformation efficiency suggests inactivation
      of the gene by chemical modification. Our experimental approach challenges the
      repair capacity of the eukaryotic cell and thus renders the strategy suitable not
      only as a eukaryotic test for carcinogens but also as a tool for the study of
      carcinogenesis as aberrant gene expression.

PMID- 6437674
TI  - Mitomycin C resistance in a human colon carcinoma cell line associated with cell
      surface protein alterations.
AB  - A human colon carcinoma cell line resistant to mitomycin C (MMC) was obtained by
      repeated exposure of a previously described sensitive parental line, HCT 116, to
      MMC in vitro. Xenografts grown from the MMC-resistant phenotype were not
      inhibited in MMC-treated animals, while MMC treatment produced growth inhibition
      in parental cell xenografts. The MMC-resistant phenotype exhibited a greater
      amount of a Mr 148,000 cell surface protein than did the parental line. The
      increase in this Mr 148,000 cell surface protein correlated positively with the
      degree of MMC resistance. Alkaline elution of filter-bound DNA from resistant
      cells exposed to MMC in vitro showed a decrease in DNA cross-link formation such
      that a 10-fold higher MMC concentration was required to produce similar cross
      link formation in the resistant cell as compared to the parental cell. The
      development of MMC resistance was not associated with in vitro cross-resistance
      to other natural product cytotoxic drugs. This model for resistance to MMC will
      be useful in future studies to define the mechanisms for MMC action and
      resistance in human colon carcinoma cells.

PMID- 6437675
TI  - Regional intra-arterial mitomycin C infusion in previously treated patients with
      metastatic colorectal cancer and concomitant measurement of serum drug level.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer, after
      failing all conventional chemotherapy, were treated with mitomycin C (MMC)
      regional intra-arterial infusion. The regional artery (eg, hypogastric, hepatic,
      etc) was approached percutaneously via the femoral artery and MMC at a dose of 20
      mg/m2 in 100 ml of 5% dextrose in water was infused for a 1-hour period;
      treatment was repeated every 6-8 weeks. Of 51 evaluable patients, five had
      objective response (three with pelvic tumor, one with liver and lung tumors, and
      one with liver tumors), 28 had stabilization of tumor, and 18 had no response.
      Median survival times for the responders, stabilized patients, and nonresponders
      were 46+, 39, and 22 weeks, respectively, with an overall survival of 32 weeks.
      The major side effect was necrotizing cellulitis occurring in the buttock
      following the pelvic infusion. Myelosuppression was manageable and other toxic
      effects were mild. Using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (total
      of 25 measurements), the average MMC levels in the peripheral circulation were
      205, 62.4, and 16.0 ng/ml, respectively, immediately after injection and 1 and 2
      hours following intra-arterial infusion. By 4 hours, no MMC could be detected in
      the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 6437676
TI  - Conformational and dynamic differences between N. meningitidis serogroup B and C
      polysaccharides, using n.m.r. spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations.
AB  - 1H-N.m.r. spectroscopy has been used to determine the conformation in aqueous
      solution of the sialic acid residues of the N. meningitidis serogroup B and non-O
      acetylated (O-Ac-)-C polysaccharides, and of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc). In
      all cases, the sugar adopts the 2C5 conformation. The side-chain of NeuNAc adopts
      a conformation such that H-7 and H-8 are approximately anti-periplanar. This
      conformation is also found in the (O-Ac-)-C polysaccharide, whereas H-7 and H-8
      are gauche in the B polysaccharide. Molecular mechanics calculations have been
      used to probe the conformational preferences of the variously linked sialic acid
      residues, and the results are in general agreement with those based on the 1H
      n.m.r. data. The 13C-n.m.r. spin-lattice relaxation-times have been interpreted
      in terms of the molecular dynamics of the B and (O-Ac-)-C polysaccharides.
      Molecular correlation times have been calculated and details of internal
      rotational or segmental motion elucidated. The C polysaccharide is characterised
      by internal or segmental motion in the C-7 to C-9 side-chain of the sialic acid
      repeating-unit, whereas the B polysaccharide has little or no such movement and
      tumbles in solution as a rigid species with internal rotation of only the pendant
      C-9 group. The conformational differences suggest a substantially different three
      dimensional structure in solution for these polysaccharides.

PMID- 6437677
TI  - Degradation of chondroitin 4-sulphate by tri-fluoroacetolysis: isolation of
      oligosaccharides from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region.
AB  - Oligosaccharides from the linkage-region tetrasaccharide, beta-D-GlcpA-(1----3)
      beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D- Xylp, of chondroitin 4-sulphate were
      isolated after trifluoroacetolysis. The oligosaccharides were purified by ion
      exchange chromatography and paper chromatography and subjected to sugar and
      methylation analysis and g.l.c.-m.s. The recovery of linkage-region
      oligosaccharides was approximately 45% after trifluoroacetolysis, calculated
      according to the D-xylose present in the chondroitin 4-sulphate preparation. The
      following structures were identified: beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Xylp, beta-D-Galp-(1
      ---3)-D-Galp, beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Xylp, beta-D-GlcpA-(1--
      -3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D- Xylp.

PMID- 6437678
TI  - Structural studies of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 antigen, containing
      the new sugar constituents 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galacturonamide and 2-deoxy-2
      formamido-D-galacturonic acid.

PMID- 6437679
TI  - Sialic acids of a new type from the lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      and Shigella boydii.

PMID- 6437680
TI  - Forearm arterial compliance: a new measure of arterial compliance?
AB  - This study has investigated the origin of the pulsatile expansion of the forearm
      recorded by the amplification of the pulsatile signal derived from a mercury in
      rubber plethysmograph. Venous occlusion to pressures of 40 mmHg had no effect on
      the amplitude of the volume pulse, suggesting that the volume pulse originates in
      vessels distended by pressures above this level. Nitroglycerin in small doses
      (0.15 mg sublingual) increased the amplitude of the volume pulse without changing
      forearm vascular resistance, consistent with an arterial origin of the forearm
      volume pulse. The instantaneous relationship between the volume pulse and
      arterial pressure (forearm compliance) showed that nitroglycerin increased the
      volume pulse in association with a reduction in pulse pressure. As the volume
      pulse probably originates in the arterial system, the increase in forearm
      compliance is a measure of the increase in arterial compliance induced by
      nitroglycerin. Both the volume pulse and forearm compliance may be useful
      indicators of the effect of physiological and pharmacological interventions on
      the distensile properties of arteries.

PMID- 6437681
TI  - Effects of myocardial catecholamine depletion on cellular electrophysiology and
      arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion.
AB  - The effect of myocardial catecholamine depletion on cellular electrophysiology
      and arrhythmias was assessed in Langendorff perfused guinea pig hearts during
      ischaemia and reperfusion. Myocardial noradrenaline was reduced to 0.17 +/- 0.04
      microgram X g-1 by intracardiac injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (450 mg X kg-1 in
      six doses over 20 days) compared with 1.5 +/- 0.2 microgram X g-1 in vehicle
      injected controls. Myocardial catecholamine depletion significantly reduced the
      incidence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation during 30 min of global
      ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion. Myocardial catecholamine depletion
      prolonged action potential duration and refractory period during control
      perfusion and blunted ischaemia induced reduction in action potential amplitude,
      Vmax, and duration, but accentuated the prolongation in conduction time and QRS
      width. Catecholamine depletion abolished or attenuated reperfusion induced
      shortening of action potential duration and refractory period. Catecholamine
      depletion increased myocardial glycogen levels from 2.47 +/- 0.3 mg X g-1 wet
      weight to 4.39 +/- 0.3 mg X g-1; fasting animals for 48 h prior to study reversed
      this with no attenuation of the electrophysiological or antiarrhythmic action.
      These results provide further evidence that release of endogenous myocardial
      catecholamines contributes to the electrophysiological changes and arrhythmias
      associated with myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion.

PMID- 6437682
TI  - [10 years of medical facilities for long-term care in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6437683
TI  - Reversible cerebral arteriopathy associated with the administration of ergot
      derivatives.
AB  - Three cases of intracranial arteriopathy associated with the administration of
      ergot derivatives are reported. In the first case, excessive doses of
      dihydroergotamine and of ergotamine tartrate seemed to be the cause, but
      simultaneous treatment with an antibiotic and the existence of a cytomegalovirus
      infection could have favoured the arteriopathic process. The second patient also
      received excessive doses of these two drugs, but in addition she was taking
      oestrogen and progesteron containing contraceptives. In the third case, an
      intravenous injection of methylergometrine in a dose of 0.2 mg seemed to have
      initiated the arteriopathy. Arteriograms were comparable in all three cases, with
      segmental stenosis of several cerebral arteries, whereas internal carotid and
      vertebral arteries remained normal. In the first case a control cerebral
      arteriography was normal one month later. These findings suggest that widespread
      cerebral arteriopathy can appear in subjects who chronically abuse ergotamine
      tartrate.

PMID- 6437684
TI  - Purification and characterization of rat liver cytosol catalase.
AB  - Rat liver cytosol catalase was purified by making use of its interaction with
      deoxycholate and by the various methods used to purify peroxisomal catalase. The
      purified preparation was both enzymatically and immunologically identical with
      the purified peroxisomal catalase, but differed in its chromatographic behaviour
      and electrophoretic mobility. Amino acid analysis also revealed a slight
      difference between the two catalase molecules.

PMID- 6437685
TI  - [Nonverbal communication and its disorders].

PMID- 6437686
TI  - [Importance of determining the selectivity of proteinuria in children].

PMID- 6437687
TI  - [Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura using intravenous
      administration of high doses of immunoglobulin].

PMID- 6437688
TI  - Induction of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism by azo compounds: a structure
      activity relationship.
AB  - The structure-activity relationship of 40 azo compounds in their ability to
      induce cytochrome P-448 and associated monooxygenase activities, as well as UDP
      glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) activity, was investigated. Regardless of their
      structure, hydrophilic azo dyes and lipophilic azobenzene derivatives were not
      able to induce these enzyme activities. Only those lipophilic azo dyes with 1-azo
      2-naphthol or 1-azo-2-naphthylamine moieties were able to induce cytochrome P-448
      and related monooxygenase activities, as well as UDPGT activity. The extent of
      induction is comparable to or greater than that caused by 3-methylcholanthrene (3
      MC). It is suggested that those azo dyes capable of inducing P-450 type
      cytochromes can form coplanar structures with three fused, 6-membered rings
      through intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These structures are analogous to
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can also induce.

PMID- 6437689
TI  - Chemical modification of ansamitocins. II. Synthesis of 3-epimaytansionoids via 3
      maytansinones.

PMID- 6437690
TI  - Syntheses and biological activities of N-alkyl- and N-alkenylcarbamoyl
      phospholipids.

PMID- 6437691
TI  - [Gold-dust maculopathy after absorption of canthaxanthine].

PMID- 6437692
TI  - Effect of arginine on the carcinogenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene and
      N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - The effects of supplementing a 14% casein diet with 5% L-arginine on rat mammary
      tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (MNU) were investigated. Dietary arginine supplementation had no
      significant effect on food intake or growth. In rats treated with either DMBA or
      MNU, tumor incidence was not significantly affected, but the number of new tumors
      appearing each week and the cumulative tumor weight per rat were significantly
      decreased in rats fed 5% arginine diets. In vitro experiments indicated that
      arginine had no effect on the enzymatic conversion of DMBA to electrophilic DNA
      binding metabolites. The decreased tumorigenicity of both MNU and DMBA in rats
      given supplemental arginine suggests that this amino acid has an inhibitory
      effect on stage(s) of chemical carcinogenesis other than bioactivation of
      procarcinogens.

PMID- 6437693
TI  - The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and other tumor promoters on
      the colony formation of rat tracheal epithelial cells in culture.
AB  - Normal primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were isolated and exposed in
      culture to tumor promoters and irritants of diverse chemical classes. The phorbol
      derivative class of tumor promoters greatly stimulated colony forming efficiency
      (CFE) in culture. The efficacies of the agents tested were ranked in the order:
      mezerein greater than 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) greater than
      phorbol didecanoate greater than phorbol dibutyrate greater than phorbol
      dibenzoate greater than 4-O-methyl TPA greater than phorbol diacetate. The parent
      alcohol phorbol did not stimulate CFE under the conditions tested. The indole
      alkaloid tumor promoter teleocidin stimulated CFE at concentrations at least 10
      fold lower than those required for TPA. Other irritants and non-phorbol ester
      tumor promoters such as anthralin, benzoyl peroxide, calcium ionophore A23187,
      and ethylphenyl propiolate were either inactive or reduced CFE. Phenobarbital
      marginally stimulated CFE at one concentration but reduced CFE at higher
      concentrations. Increases in CFE elicited by TPA and analogs were dependent upon
      the time of addition of TPA to the cultures. Maximum increases in CFE were
      observed when the cells were plated into medium containing TPA. If TPA was added
      40 h after plating, stimulation of CFE did not occur. This 40 h time interval may
      represent a crucial period for the commitment of RTE stem cells to proliferation
      or differentiation. Whether the stimulation of colony formation seen in normal
      RTE cells exposed to phorbol derivatives also occurs in carcinogen-altered cells,
      thereby causing their proliferative expansion, remains to be determined.

PMID- 6437694
TI  - Effect of D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine on murine mammary carcinogenesis.
AB  - The development of chemically-induced mammary gland carcinomas in rats was
      dramatically suppressed by provision of a 1% solution of D,L-alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in drinking water. Treatment with DFMO
      significantly reduced cancer incidence and the average size and number of cancers
      per rat and prolonged the cancer-free time. DFMO appears to be effective in
      blocking some aspect of the promotion stage of chemically induced mammary
      carcinogenesis in the rat.

PMID- 6437695
TI  - Gamma heavy chain disease studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno
      blotting techniques.
AB  - We used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting
      techniques to study serum proteins from a patient with a monoclonal gammopathy.
      Two-dimensional electrophoresis was optimized for serum proteins with two main
      goals: (a) to allow the resolution of many serum proteins in both directions,
      with penetration of the maximum number of proteins in the first dimension; and
      (b) to obtain the best reproducibility from one experiment to another, within the
      limits of the current technique. These analyses, combined with immunoblotting,
      permitted us to characterize a gamma heavy chain disease protein of 34 000-Da
      molecular mass. Moreover, two-dimensional mapping of the patient's serum proteins
      allowed demonstration of the microheterogeneity of this monoclonal component.

PMID- 6437696
TI  - Myosin light chain phosphorylation and tension development in stretch-activated
      arterial smooth muscle.
AB  - Phosphorylation of the 20 000-Da light chain of myosin in functionally different
      porcine carotid arteries was determined, with use of two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Stretching arteries to 1.7 times their resting length resulted
      in maximal phosphorylation. Intracellular Ca2+ was mobilized for stretch-induced
      light chain phosphorylation. Releasing the stretch from the arteries produced
      active tension spontaneously, without the participation of any exogenous
      stimulating agent. Prolonged treatment of arteries with a chelating agent (EGTA)
      not only abolished stretch-induced phosphorylation, it also prevented the
      development of active tension when the stretch was released. However, when the
      EGTA was washed out and the strips were restretched and again released, the
      stretch-induced phosphorylation and the stretch-release-induced active tension
      were restored. Evidently, arteries must contain phosphorylated light chain if
      they are to produce active tension. The myosin light chain became partly
      dephosphorylated in arteries that developed active tension when the stretch was
      released, but more than half of the light chains remained phosphorylated. This
      result suggests that phosphorylation of light chain is involved, not in the
      generation of active tension, but rather in activation of smooth muscle.

PMID- 6437697
TI  - Protein changes in activated human platelets.
AB  - Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we mapped both the total and the
      cytoskeletal proteins of human platelets before and after activation with
      thrombin or the calcium ionophore A23187. Activation resulted in increased
      abundance of the phosphorylated form of myosin light chains with an approximate
      molecular mass of 20 kDa, decreased abundance of two proteins with molecular
      masses of approximately 18 and 25 kDa, and, in the case of activation with
      thrombin, the appearance of a new chain of protein spots (named "Thromb:1"). The
      latter, found associated with isolated detergent-insoluble cytoskeletons, reacted
      with antibody to human fibrinogen and thus were identified as gamma-gamma dimers
      of fibrin. The total number of proteins associated with the cytoskeleton
      increased after activation with either thrombin or A23187, but we observed some
      differences in which proteins were bound, and for how long.

PMID- 6437698
TI  - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of human plasma apolipoproteins.
AB  - The two-dimensional electrophoretic method with silver staining we describe
      better resolves plasma apolipoproteins (apo) than any procedure previously
      described. It can be used to screen for abnormalities in apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA
      IV, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoD, apoE, and apoH. In addition, this is the first
      presentation of apoD and apoH on two-dimensional gels. This electrophoretic
      method will permit the quantification of plasma apolipoproteins by computer
      imaging. Such detailed analysis of the plasma apolipoproteins should provide a
      better understanding of apolipoprotein function and the role these
      apolipoproteins play in lipoprotein metabolism and the pathophysiology of
      dyslipoproteinemias and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6437699
TI  - Treatment of IUD related menorrhagia by indomethacin.
AB  - Indomethacin, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor was tested in 9 women wearing a
      lippes loop IUD. These women suffered from excessive bleeding with a mean
      menstrual blood loss of more than 100 ml. The effect was studied by quantifying
      menstrual blood loss in a double blind 4 periods crossover study. The mean
      percentage reduction during treatment was of 57 percent. No significant placebo
      effect was observed. The effect of indomethacin support the contention that IUD's
      associated menorrhagia, is connected to an abnormal prostaglandin synthetase in
      the endometrium.

PMID- 6437700
TI  - Simplified urinary oxalate determination using an enzyme electrode.
AB  - An enzyme electrode for urine oxalate measurement has been produced using
      acrylamide gel-entrapped oxalate decarboxylase retained over a CO2 sensor. Urine
      required pre-treatment with EDTA, but oxalate extraction was not necessary and
      inhibition by phosphate and sulphate was not apparent until after 10-14 days. The
      linear range was 0-0.2 mmol/l. Analysis of 50 urine specimens diluted 1 in 10 in
      pH 3.0 glycine buffer showed good correlation with a widely-used colorimetric
      method (y = 1.101x-0.018, r = 0.955).

PMID- 6437701
TI  - Cobalamin R binder as a possible model molecule for glycoprotein study in cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - The isoprotein pattern of semi-purified R binder (an acidic glycoprotein which
      binds cobalamin) from saliva and sera of 8 cystic fibrosis patients was compared
      to that of R binder from samples of 5 healthy children. In cases of cystic
      fibrosis, the mean isoelectric point of salivary R binder was increased from 3.78
      up to 4.34 and its microheterogeneity was reduced. These significant
      physicochemical modifications were not observed with R binder from cystic
      fibrosis sera and they did not correlate with the beta-galactosidase, alpha
      mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase nor neuraminidase activity of saliva. We propose
      the R binder as a model molecule to study the glycoprotein metabolism in cystic
      fibrosis since it contains 30-40% carbohydrate, is easily complexed with
      cyano[57Co]cobalamin and is present in most tissues and fluids of the human
      organism.

PMID- 6437702
TI  - Evaluation of the degree of desialylation of serum C1-inactivator and haemopexin.
AB  - The calibration curves for evaluating the degree of desialylation of C1
      inactivator (sialic acid content 12.5%) and haemopexin (sialic acid content 4%)
      have been plotted. No desialylation of either glycoprotein occurs in normal
      subjects. In the patients (liver damage) studied, C1-inactivator is often
      desialylated, whereas haemopexin is not. In a previous report, we had shown that
      alpha1-acid glycoprotein is more often desialylated than alpha1-antitrypsin.
      Thus, it appears that the degree of desialylation of the sialic acid-rich
      glycoproteins is a more sensitive index of the severity of hepatic injury than
      that of the sialic acid-poor glycoproteins. This could be due to a defect in the
      sialylation process during synthesis.

PMID- 6437703
TI  - Are usual immunochemical methods for the determination of human serum transferrin
      influenced by the iron-saturation of the protein?

PMID- 6437704
TI  - Hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor deficiency following cranial
      irradiation.
AB  - The effect of synthetic human pancreatic tumour GH releasing factor (hp GRF1-44)
      on GH release has been studied in 10 patients with radiation-induced GH
      deficiency and four normal subjects. All 10 patients showed subnormal GH
      responses to both an ITT (median peak GH 3.2 mU/l) and to arginine stimulation
      (median peak GH 2.9 mU/l), although the remainder of pituitary function was
      intact. Following an acute intravenous bolus (100 micrograms) of hp GRF1-44,
      there was no GH response in two patients and a subnormal but definite GH response
      in a further four. The remaining four patients showed a significant GH response
      (median peak GH level 29 mU/l; range 22-57 mU/l) to hp GRF1-44, similar in
      magnitude and timing to that seen in the four normals. This strongly suggests
      that in these four subjects, the discrepancy in GH responses to hp GRF1-44, ITT
      and to arginine was a result of radiation-induced hypothalamic damage leading to
      a deficiency of endogenous GRF. The availability of synthetic hp GRF capable of
      stimulating GH secretion means that the distinction between hypothalamic and
      pituitary causes of GH deficiency will be of considerable therapeutic importance
      in the future.

PMID- 6437705
TI  - Gonadotrophin responses to GnRH in precocious puberty treated with GnRH analogue.
AB  - The gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue Buserelin was given by intranasal
      spray to 13 children with precocious puberty. The LH responses to GnRH reverted
      to prepubertal levels in the boys on 200-400 micrograms daily of the analogue
      while doses of 400-1200 micrograms daily were needed to suppress the girls. The
      significance of this apparent sex difference is uncertain.

PMID- 6437706
TI  - The response of normal subjects and patients with idiopathic growth hormone
      deficiency to continuous infusion of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing
      factor 1-44.
AB  - The GH response to a prolonged continuous infusion of human pancreatic growth
      hormone releasing factor (hpGRF 1-44), 0.3 microgram/kg/h was evaluated in seven
      patients with severe idiopathic GH deficiency, one patient with partial
      deficiency and in seven normal controls. Normal controls had a multiphasic
      response with a first peak between 15 and 90 min of 13.6 to 88.5, mean 45.6 mU/l
      and a second peak between 105 and 195 min of 8.8 to 73.1, mean 33.8 mU/l.
      However, the magnitude and pattern of response were highly variable. Six of the
      seven patients with severe GH deficiency had a response with a maximum level
      between 30 and 90 min of 3.3 to 7.5, mean 4.8 mU/l. Mean levels remained greater
      than 2.0 mU/l throughout the infusion but further peaks were absent or minimal.
      The patient with partial GH deficiency responded in a normal manner. hpGRF 1-44
      by continuous infusion thus induced GH release in seven of eight patients with
      idiopathic GH deficiency though the response was impaired and the pattern of
      secretion abnormal in severely deficient patients.

PMID- 6437707
TI  - Constant rate enteral nutrition in bucco-pharyngeal cancer care. A highly
      efficient nutritional support system.
AB  - The incidence of protein and calorie malnutrition in bucco-pharyngeal cancer
      patients is high and therefore nutritional support is indicated. Two methods of
      tube feeding, fractioned enteral (FEN) versus constant rate enteral nutrition
      (CREN) have been compared in a prospective study. Based on anthropometrical,
      biological and immunological criteria, patients on CREN showed a significant
      improvement of their post-operative protein state in comparison with patients on
      FEN. This difference was due to a better tolerance to CREN, which allowed a more
      appropriate protein and calorie intake. Furthermore the time of intravenous
      infusion was reduced in patients on CREN. In conclusion, CREN is a highly
      efficient feeding method for patients with head and neck cancer. It has the great
      advantage of being simple and cheap.

PMID- 6437708
TI  - A new syndrome with camptodactyly, joint contractures, facial anomalies, and
      skeletal defects: a case report and review of syndromes with camptodactyly.
AB  - A new camptodactyly syndrome is described in a 16-year-old Sephardic Jewish girl
      consisting of unusual facies with multiple eye anomalies, short stature,
      scoliosis, and joint contractures. Parental consanguinity is suggestive of an
      autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although a new autosomal dominant
      mutation cannot be excluded. Fourty-four syndromes associated with camptodactyly
      are summarized and reviewed.

PMID- 6437709
TI  - alpha-L-Iduronidase deficiency in mucopolysaccharidosis type I against a
      radiolabelled sulfated disaccharide substrate derived from dermatan sulfate.
AB  - alpha-L-Iduronidase activity was assayed by incubation of a radiolabelled
      disaccharide, O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1----3)-2,5 anhydro-D-[1,3H]
      talitol 4-sulfate (IdoA-anT4S) derived from dermatan sulfate, with homogenates of
      leucocytes, cultured amniotic cells and skin fibroblasts from normal individuals
      and patients affected with an alpha-L-iduronidase-deficiency disorder
      (mucopolysaccharidosis type I, MPS I), parents of such patients and patients
      affected with other mucopolysaccharidoses. The assay clearly distinguished
      affected homozygotes from normal controls, heterozygotes and other
      mucopolysaccharidosis types. Preliminary results show that fibroblast homogenates
      from patients with the MPS I Hurler phenotype were virtually unable to hydrolyse
      IdoA-anT4S, whereas fibroblast homogenates from a patient with a relatively mild
      (Scheie) phenotype exhibited a residual activity with Vmax value of 2.5
      pmol/min/mg protein and an apparent Km of 21 mumol/l compared to a range of 1020
      2105 pmol/min/mg for Vmax and 12-35 mumol/l for Km for fibroblasts from normal
      controls.

PMID- 6437710
TI  - Encephalo-oculo-cutaneous dysplasia.

PMID- 6437711
TI  - The Prosser-White oration 1983. Connective tissue disease and the skin.

PMID- 6437712
TI  - A serious side-effect of etretinate (Tigason).

PMID- 6437713
TI  - Different effects of topically applied 5-fluorouracil on hairy and hairless mice.

PMID- 6437714
TI  - Significance of circulating immune complexes in pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - In the present study we have tried to demonstrate circulating immune complexes
      (CIC) in sera from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) by three techniques;
      latex agglutination; 3.5% PEG precipitation and determination of optical density
      at 280 nm and RIA of CIC using bovine spermatozoa. About 40 normal control sera
      and 100 TB patients sera were investigated for the presence of CIC. Seventeen per
      cent cases of pulmonary TB were positive by latex agglutination while none of the
      control was positive. Levels of CIC as detected by PEG precipitation and RIA were
      significantly elevated in patients as compared to normal controls. While IgG, IgA
      and IgM were elevated in the CIC of patients, IgM immunoglobulins were detected
      only in patients and not in controls. Detection of CIC may at times be useful in
      diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of disease processes, but it is
      the characterization of immune complexes (IC) and identification of the specific
      components of these complexes which holds the greatest potential for better
      understanding of disease mechanisms. CIC were precipitated using 3.5% PEG from
      sera of patients suffering from TB. The specific anti-TB antibody component of
      complex was determined using S. aureus protein A as a solid phase, Anti-BCG
      antibody and 125I-labelled TB antigen. The specific TB antigen component of the
      IC was dissociated thermally from TB antibody and assayed by a radioimmunoassay
      technique developed in our laboratory. Patients were classified into two groups.
      Those those sputum was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by smear and/or
      culture and those whose sputum was negative. The TB antigen concentrations of CIC
      was higher 19.1 +/- 2.3 ng/ml (mean +s.e.) in sputum positive cases, and 9.9 +/-
      1.9 ng/ml in sputum negative cases as compared to 2.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml in controls.
      Patient groups were significantly different from controls as well as from each
      other (P less than 0.001). Anti-TB antibody ratios were 11.7 +/- 1.48, 5.1 +/-
      1.5 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 in sputum positive, sputum negative and controls. The
      significance of differences between the groups was P less than 0.001. The effect
      of treatment administered over a period of 12 weeks or more was evaluated. It was
      observed that in patients with persistent demonstration of M. tuberculosis in the
      sputum, the TB antigen and TB antibody levels of CIC were consistently high. In
      patients who responded to anti-tubercular drugs the TB antigen levels decreased
      progressively while TB antibody levels remained high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6437715
TI  - Restricted IgG isotype profiles in T. cruzi infected mice and Chagas' disease
      patients.
AB  - IgG2 was the predominant specific antibody isotype in mice chronically infected
      with Y strain Trypanosoma cruzi; IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies were absent or present
      only at very low levels. Isotype analyses of the acute phase of infection
      confirmed no early production of IgG1 or IgG3 and no failure in the switch from
      IgM to IgG. In vivo passive transfer studies of immune serum fractions showed
      protection to be associated only with the IgG2 isotype. A characteristic specific
      anti-T. cruzi IgG isotype profile (IgG1, IgG3, greater than IgG2, IgG4) was
      detected in a majority (39 of 50) of sera from Chagas' disease patients.

PMID- 6437716
TI  - Infection prophylaxis in the patient with bone marrow failure.
AB  - The last two decades have seen some significant advances made in the recognition
      of infection problems in the immunocompromised host and in their prevention in a
      rapidly expanding population. Many areas urgently await much-needed improvements,
      particularly anti-bacterial decontamination and fungal and viral prophylaxis.
      Despite interesting pilot studies there has been a failure to fully evaluate
      potential strategies in properly designed trials. Now is the time for large
      studies which control for the multitudinous variables of patient population such
      as disease status, protective environment, degree of diet sterility, and types of
      GI and mucocutaneous decontamination. Meanwhile, it is impossible to make hard
      and fast rules for prophylaxis for all circumstances. Clearly, most of the
      measures which we have discussed are applicable only where there is profound
      immunosuppression. Practice should be based on a careful evaluation of the local
      flora and fauna. Table 6 details an outline of the Royal Free prophylaxis
      schedule concurrently used during the treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic
      leukaemia and following marrow transplantation. This type of protocol is an
      attempt at short-term 'total' decontamination which appears justifiable in this
      very high-risk group where the invading organisms are a greater immediate risk
      than the disease under treatment. Our hope is that the scientific foundations for
      such regimens will rest on firmer ground in the future.

PMID- 6437717
TI  - Intracoronary streptokinase therapy in the coronary care unit for acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Intracoronary streptokinase was offered and preliminary coronary angiography
      performed in 14 patients who were seen with the clinical diagnosis of acute
      myocardial infarction within 4 h of onset of symptoms. The procedure was
      performed in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of St. Peter's Medical Center with the
      use of a portable C-arm fluoroscope. Angiography was recorded on video tape.
      Service was provided by an "on-call" team consisting of two physicians, a CCU
      nurse, and a radiology technician, on a 24-h service basis. Adequate
      visualization of coronary anatomy was obtained in all patients. Patency of
      occluded vessels was achieved in 10 of 11 patients who received intracoronary
      streptokinase. The initial streptokinase bolus was administered at a mean
      interval of 4.1 h from onset of symptoms. It is concluded that speedy and
      effective coronary thrombolytic therapy can be provided in the CCU on a 24-h
      service basis by an on-call team. The use of CCU for this purpose will make this
      therapy widely available across the country, without the need for Cardiac
      Catheterization Laboratory.

PMID- 6437718
TI  - Systolic and diastolic time intervals during spontaneous angina.
AB  - In 5 patients who suffered spontaneous angina during cardiac catheterization,
      aortic pressure and electrocardiographic lead (V5) were recorded at rest, at the
      onset of anginal pain, 5 and 10 min after 0.6 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG).
      Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, systolic, and diastolic time intervals
      were measured. Heart rate and systemic arterial pressure rose significantly
      immediately after the onset of angina and declined progressively within 10 min
      from NTG administration. Preejection period did not change during angina, while
      left ventricular ejection time and electromechanical systole lengthened. As a
      consequence, diastolic time, expressed as percent of cardiac cycle, shortened
      sharply. All parameters considered went back to basal values within 10 min from
      NTG administration, and were preceded by relief or reduction of anginal pain. We
      concluded that a fall in diastolic time, secondary to a prolongation of
      electromechanical systole occurring during angina, may further increase the
      degree of ischemia resulting in a vicious cycle than can be interrupted by NTG
      administration.

PMID- 6437719
TI  - Lithium causing a serious sinus-node dysfunction at therapeutic doses.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of lithium have been indexed in literature since 1900,
      most frequently in cases of intoxication. We recently studied the exceptional
      case of a patient showing a serious sinus node dysfunction during lithium
      treatment. The serum lithium levels were always within the therapeutic range.
      After two endocardial explorations and withdrawal of lithium, we found that the
      sinus node dysfunction was due to lithium and reversible after withdrawal of it.
      Some ignored dysfunctions could exist with a regularly controlled treatment.

PMID- 6437720
TI  - Genetics in neuro-oncology.
AB  - This review provides a framework for the neurosurgeon in understanding the
      increasingly important role of genetics in the study of nervous system tumors.
      The three tumors discussed (retinoblastoma, meningioma, and neurofibroma) are
      neither the most common nor the most clinically devastating tumors faced by
      neurosurgeons. Rather, the studies on these tumors are presented because of the
      important lessons each provides. Studies of retinoblastoma demonstrate the
      ability of a gene which is recessive at the cellular level to require a second
      mutation for tumorigenesis and therein to appear as a dominantly inherited
      disorder at the level of the organism. This "multi-hit" theory could easily be
      applied to other nervous system tumors which have both sporadic solitary tumors
      and familial multiple tumors. In this group we should include acoustic neuromas,
      meningiomas, gliomas, neurofibromas, paragangliomas (glomus and carotid body
      tumors), and the pituitary tumors (and others) associated with the multiple
      endocrine neoplasia syndromes. The limits of this review do not allow a separate
      discussion of the neurosurgical aspect of these lesions; for this, the reader is
      referred elsewhere (18, 19). Meningiomas are discussed because it appears that
      two separate lines of inquiry may eventually be related at a cellular level.
      These directions of study are the demonstration that a common karyotypic
      abnormality (monosomy 22) is associated with a female preponderance of
      meningiomas and the demonstration of sex hormone binding in meningiomas. Future
      studies should be aimed at showing an in vitro biologic response of these tumors
      to exogenously added hormones or to their blocking agents. Moreover, one would
      hope that this response would correlate with a specific chromosomal abnormality.
      It is possible that some portion of the DNA which has been deleted or altered in
      these tumors plays an essential role in the regulation of the sex steroid
      regulatory system. If this segment of the genome could be identified and studied
      in the meningioma, the findings could be important not only in the treatment of
      patients with this tumor but also in the treatment of tumors of other hormonally
      modulated tissues such as breast and uterus. Finally, neurofibromatosis was
      chosen as the most common of the phakomatoses and as one which can offer
      significant insights into many areas of neuro-oncology. The NF gene occurs in at
      least two forms (VRNF, BANF), and it can be associated with virtually all of the
      tumors known to neurosurgeons--gliomas, neurofibromas, schwannomas, and
      meningiomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6437722
TI  - Familial growth retardation with isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency.
AB  - Three brothers with isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency were
      observed at ages 17, 15, and 10 years. They suffered from severely retarded
      growth, with a marked retardation in bone maturation. Their serum T4, T3, and TSH
      levels were low. Serum thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) concentration was
      normal. No increases in TSH levels were elicited during the TRH test. The other
      pituitary hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, follicle
      stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin hormone, responded
      normally to stimulation. Thyroxin treatment triggered a growth acceleration.
      Genetic investigation revealed several instances of small stature on the father's
      side.

PMID- 6437723
TI  - Plasma nitroglycerin concentrations and hemodynamic effects of sublingual,
      ointment, and controlled-release forms of nitroglycerin.
AB  - After a sublingual test dose, 12 healthy men aged 21 to 29 yr were treated with
      controlled-release transdermal nitroglycerin skin patches designed to deliver 10
      mg/day nitroglycerin and with nitroglycerin ointment (2%) (1-in amount from the
      tube spread over 50 cm2) for 24 hr in a double-blind crossover study. Assessment
      was by measurement of nitroglycerin in plasma, blood pressure, and pulse rate.
      The mean plasma concentration of nitroglycerin during ointment dosing was
      approximately 200% to 400% that during skin patch dosing. Levels during ointment
      dosing were closer to those from sublingual dosing than were those during skin
      patch dosing. Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were much the same during
      both transdermal treatments. Calculations showed that delivery of nitroglycerin
      from the skin patches would have to be over 40 to 80 cm2 of the skin to achieve
      nitroglycerin exposure of the order of that induced by 1 in of ointment spread
      over 50 cm2 or from sublingual dosing.

PMID- 6437721
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer antiarrhythmic agents.
AB  - This article reviews clinical pharmacokinetic data on 8 new antiarrhythmic
      agents. Some of these drugs have been studied extensively while others are
      relatively new, with incomplete data due to limited evaluation. Amiodarone is a
      class III antiarrhythmic drug which is effective in treating many atrial and
      ventricular arrhythmias that are refractory to other drugs. Amiodarone
      accumulates extensively in tissues and its disposition characteristics are best
      described by models with 3 and 4 compartments. Its apparent volume of
      distribution is very large (1300 to 11,000L) and its elimination half-life very
      long (53 days). A delay of up to 28 days from of treatment to onset of
      antiarrhythmic effect may be observed, and the antiarrhythmic effect may persist
      for weeks to months following cessation of therapy. Clinically significant drug
      interactions have been observed with amiodarone and warfarin, digoxin, quinidine
      and procainamide. Encainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug. Although it has a
      short elimination half-life (1 to 3h), 2 major metabolites with antiarrhythmic
      effects accumulate in the plasma of patients during long term therapy. Plasma
      concentrations of O-demethyl encainide appear to correlate with the
      antiarrhythmic effect. Flecainide, another class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, has an
      elimination half-life of 14 hours which makes it suitable for twice daily dosing.
      Flecainide elimination is prolonged in patients with low output heart failure.
      Significant drug interactions with digoxin and cimetidine have been reported.
      Lorcainide is also a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, the bioavailability of which
      is nonlinear. Clearance of the drug is reduced during long term therapy. A major
      active metabolite, norlorcainide, accumulates in the plasma of patients during
      long term therapy and its concentration exceeds that of lorcainide by a factor of
      2. The elimination half-lives of lorcainide (9h) and norlorcainide (28h) allow
      for once or twice daily dosing. Mexiletine, a class Ib antiarrhythmic drug, is
      structurally similar to lignocaine (lidocaine). A sustained release formulation
      provides effective plasma concentrations when administered twice daily. The
      apparent volume of distribution of mexiletine is 5.0 to 6.6 L/kg, and the
      elimination half-life varies from 6 to 12 hours in normal subjects and from 11 to
      17 hours in cardiac patients. Mexilitine is extensively metabolised but the
      metabolites are not pharmacologically active. Renal elimination of mexiletine is
      pH dependent. Drugs which induce hepatic metabolism significantly alter the
      pharmacokinetics of mexiletine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6437724
TI  - A comparison of several immunochemical approaches for the screening of alpha
      chain disease.
AB  - Immunoelectrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis immunoselection, and rocket
      immunoselection techniques are used to demonstrate the presence of alpha heavy
      chain disease proteins in four patients' sera. Immunoelectrophoresis by itself
      cannot be used to detect the presence of alpha heavy chain disease proteins owing
      to the failure of some lambda light-chain antisera to react with IgA proteins.
      However utilization of a mixture of antisera to IgA and kappa or lambda
      determinants in immunoelectrophoresis can aid in the detection. Rocket
      immunoselection and immunoelectrophoresis immunoselection when used together
      provide the most compelling evidence in the immunochemical detection of alpha
      heavy chain disease proteins. Such techniques provides sufficient evidence to
      warrant the more complex reduction and alkylation methodologies necessary to
      establish a firm diagnosis of alpha heavy chain disease.

PMID- 6437725
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay for urinary C-reactive protein.
AB  - Because urinary C-reactive protein (CRP) has potential as a diagnostic marker, a
      sensitive enzyme immunoassay has been developed to measure this substance. This
      assay involves immobilizing antibody to CRP on a plastic surface, followed
      sequentially by addition of sample to be assayed, anti-CRP labeled with biotin,
      avidin conjugated with enzyme, and substrate. As little as 0.5 ng of CRP can be
      detected by the assay, which is reproducible and correlates well with a radial
      immunodiffusion method. Because the assay is inhibited by urine samples having a
      low pH or high urea concentration, it is necessary to pretreat the samples by
      solvent exchange in a commercial, disposable concentration unit. Application of
      the assay to clinical specimens gives results similar to those obtained
      previously by a complement fixation assay.

PMID- 6437726
TI  - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of estradiol.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) offers a good alternative to
      isotopic methods for the determination of drug and hormone levels in biological
      fluids. We applied it to estradiol, using a fluoresceinated derivative of
      estradiol and the IgG fraction of a highly specific rabbit antiserum. After
      determining the optimal operational conditions, FPIA was used for measuring
      urinary concentrations of free estradiol in normal and pregnant women, after a
      purification step on a reversed phase cartridge. The method turned out to be
      rapid (1 min to reach the equilibrium state) and accurate.

PMID- 6437727
TI  - Immunodiagnostic tests for protozoan and helminthic infections.
AB  - Immunodiagnostic tests for human protozoan and helminthic infections are
      reviewed. The need for immunodiagnostic tests varies with each infection but is
      of paramount importance in those infections that cannot be parasitologically
      diagnosed readily such as toxoplasmosis, pneumocystosis, Chagas' disease,
      trichinosis, hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and visceral larva migrans. Immunoassays
      are also needed for those worldwide highly prevalent infections with severe
      morbidity to be used in seroepidemiology and in the follow-up evaluation of
      control programs. The most important are malaria, schistosomiasis,
      onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and trypanosomiasis. Major advances have
      been made in the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a practical
      and rapid test for use in endemic countries and in the identification and
      isolation of diagnostic parasite antigens aided in particular by the use of
      monoclonal antibodies. Development of immunodiagnostic tests for specific
      parasite antigens in body fluids for many infections is being actively pursued.

PMID- 6437728
TI  - Mixed agglutination with guinea pig tissue sediments for detection of heterophile
      antibodies.
AB  - Mixed agglutination (MA) test with sediments of guinea pig kidney (GPK)
      homogenates and indicator red blood cells of bovine (BRBC) or sheep (SRBC) origin
      was established for detection of human heterophile antibodies. By means of MA
      test with BRBC indicator cells, heterophile antibodies of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H
      D) specificity were demonstrated in sera of patients with syphilis (20%),
      lepromatous leprosy (57%), infectious mononucleosis (45%), Chediak-Higashi
      syndrome (73%), Kawasaki disease (58%), multiple sclerosis (58%), and leukemias
      (13%), as well as in sera of subjects who received injections of foreign species
      sera (20%). Some but not all BRBC-positive sera gave positive MA tests when SRBC
      were employed as indicator cells. None of 13 multiple myeloma sera tested gave
      positive results. The incidence of positive reactions in normal human sera was
      3%. Neutralization of H-D antibodies in representative pathologic sera by
      purified heterophile antigens showed that the antibodies under investigation were
      mostly directed against antigen(s) of high molecular weight glycoprotein, but not
      N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NGNA) ganglioside fraction of BRBC.

PMID- 6437729
TI  - Paul-Bunnell antigen in normal human tissues.
AB  - The BS antigen, the component of the Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen complex that is
      shared by bovine (BRBC) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was demonstrated in
      chloroform-methanol extracts from peripheral blood leukocytes of 4 of 26 healthy
      young individuals. One of the extracts formed a precipitation line with
      infectious mononucleosis (IM) sera, which merged into a reaction of identity with
      the corresponding line formed by the purified P-B antigen of BRBC. The BS antigen
      of the P-B complex was also demonstrated in tissue sediments of an apparently
      normal human kidney by means of mixed agglutination test with IM sera and
      trypsinized BRBC as the indicator. Results of this study suggest that the BS
      antigen is expressed in normal tissues of some individuals as an intracellular
      antigen, whereas in various pathologic conditions it is expressed as cell-surface
      antigen and/or appears in a soluble form in the patient's circulation.

PMID- 6437730
TI  - A comparative study of glucose oxidase versus FITC-labeled antibody techniques
      for the detection of antinuclear antibodies.
AB  - Sera from 98 patients were examined for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The patient
      population has been previously identified clinically as having the following
      diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermato or polymyositis,
      discoid lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Raynaud phenomena only, undifferentiated
      connective tissue disease, and psoriasis. All sera samples were tested using both
      HEp-2 cells and rat kidney tissue as substrates and were stained with both
      fluorescein-conjugated antihuman antibody and glucose oxidase-conjugated antibody
      to human IgG. Each serum was initially tested at a screening dilution of 1:40
      with PBS. Positive sera were serially diluted until an end point was observed.
      The number of dilutions for each specimen in all four combinations was compared
      mathematically using the Pearson product moment correlation. Using this method,
      glucose oxidase- and fluorescein-conjugated antinuclear antibody (FANA)
      techniques appear to have a high positive correlation (r = 0.92 kidney, r = 0.95
      Hep-2) in this patient population. In our experience, the glucose oxidase
      technique offers comparable results to FANA and is ideally suited for the
      hospital laboratory, especially facilities without the benefit of a fluorescent
      microscope.

PMID- 6437731
TI  - Influence of specificity and affinity of antibodies on the kinetics of a sandwich
      enzyme immunoassay for human IgG.
AB  - In comparative experiments, we desired to determine the influence of specificity
      and affinity of various combinations of antibodies on the kinetics of a
      "sandwich" enzyme immunoassay for human IgG. Some antibodies were immobilized and
      others labeled with glucose oxidase. When antibodies employed were heterogeneous
      in specificity and affinity, long periods of time were required to reach
      equilibrium, especially on the second step of the assay. In contrast, when
      antibodies were separated into populations with specificity towards two different
      antigenic sites, and each one was used as immunoadsorbent and labeled, time was
      significantly reduced. Finally, when the assay took place--the last antibodies
      being selected by their high affinities--the rate of the reaction improved even
      more. We assume selection of antibodies by specificity and affinity by two
      antigenic sites as an essential requirement to improve performance of these
      assays, independently of the antigen and marker used.

PMID- 6437732
TI  - A rapid screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for autoantibodies to
      extractable nuclear antigens.
AB  - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to detect
      antinuclear antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)--a rabbit thymus
      nuclear derivative. A second ELISA has also been developed (ENA RNA-ase ELISA) to
      analyse the relative contribution of the components of ENA (nucleoprotein and RNA
      antigens) to antibody binding as detected by the ELISA assays. Both ELISA assays
      provide a rapid screening method for antibodies to soluble, diffusable nuclear
      antigens that could otherwise go undetected by immunodiffusion or the indirect
      immunofluorescent method that uses unfixed frozen sections of rat liver. The
      considerable improvement that these ELISA assays offer in efficiency and both
      diagnostic and serological sensitivity over the traditional immunodiffusion
      method used for specificity characterisation of ENA autoantibodies is discussed.

PMID- 6437733
TI  - Scintigraphic peritoneography in advanced ovarian malignancies: its value for
      chemotherapeutic distribution studies.
AB  - It is important to be aware of the position of the transabdominal infusion
      catheter and of the expected distribution of the chemotherapeutic agent, prior to
      the administration of intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents for metastatic
      tumour. The intraperitoneal introduction of technetium-99m labelled human serum
      albumin provides a means of studying fluid distribution, as well as identifying
      the catheter position. The technique used in this examination, the expected
      normal pattern of distribution and various pathological findings and pitfalls of
      the peritoneal scan are discussed on the basis of results in 10 patients, in whom
      24 intraperitoneal scintigraphic studies were done. In one of these scans there
      was inappropriate filling of the lesser sac. In another scan the tip appeared to
      lie within the lumen of the small bowel. In two other patients inappropriate
      filling of the large bowel was seen. Only one scan showed a total widespread
      distribution of the scintigraphic agent throughout the abdominal cavity. In 16
      other scans the spread was satisfactory. In three scans certain parts of the
      abdominal cavity did not show any activity at all. In these last scans computed
      tomography findings could explain why there was a poor peritoneal distribution of
      the scintigraphic agent.

PMID- 6437734
TI  - Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease is a recently described disorder of
      primary hemostasis, possessing attributes both of von Willebrand's disease and of
      a qualitative platelet abnormality. This article discusses the clinical features,
      laboratory aspects, pathophysiology, and treatment of platelet-type von
      Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6437735
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in hemophilia.
AB  - Between early 1980 and early 1984, more than 4000 cases of AIDS have occurred in
      the United States. Since January 1982, 33 cases have occurred in patients with
      hemophilia. The epidemiologic and clinical features of the cases are presented.
      Etiologic considerations and implications for blood products are discussed.

PMID- 6437736
TI  - Application of immunologic assays to the coagulation laboratory.
AB  - A number of major advances in the application of immunoassay techniques to the
      study of hemostasis are presented. Immunoassay methods in general are reviewed,
      and selected laboratory applications that have been developed for the study of
      platelet-specific proteins, the coagulation proteins and their protease
      inhibitors are considered.

PMID- 6437737
TI  - Purification and characterization of the naturally occurring allelic variants of
      sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The naturally occurring electrophoretic variants of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and a heterodimeric form of the enzyme resulting from a genetic
      cross of two variant strains of Drosophila were purified to homogeneity by a
      combination of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and 8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-ATP
      Sepharose affinity chromatography. Each purified protein was compared with
      respect to a number of physicochemical and kinetic properties. All forms of the
      enzyme were found to be similar, except for pI differences associated with the
      electrophoretic variation observed.

PMID- 6437738
TI  - Gold sensitivity blast transformation.
AB  - A 36-year-old female patient developed eczema from wearing gold jewelry.
      Epicutaneous skin tests were performed with gold leaf, potassium dicyanoaurate,
      gold sodium thiosulphate, gold chloride, sodium chloroaurate and potassium
      bromoaurate. The test was positive with gold sodium thiosulphate only. Blast
      transformation was induced with all the gold salts except sodium chloroaurate,
      and the positive responses seemed to be dose-dependent. In vitro gold salt
      induced reactions are useful in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.

PMID- 6437739
TI  - Vitamin metabolism and the effects of multivitamin supplementation in oral
      contraceptive users.
AB  - The effect of combined oral contraceptives containing 158 micrograms of
      levonorgestrel and 38 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol on vitamin B-1, B-2, B-6, B
      12, folates, vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin E and tryptophan load test was
      studied in a group of 34 healthy non-lactating women. This was compared to an
      identical study conducted in another group of 19 subjects who used IUCDs for
      contraception, and also in two other groups of subjects who were given an
      additional multivitamin preparation on a daily basis (33 subjects) and on the
      days when OC was not taken (29 subjects). Assessments were made prior to, and
      during the third week of the 4th, 7th and the 13th cycles of OC treatment.
      Urinary xanthurenic acid excretion (XA), plasma vitamin A and the folate content
      of the sera and red blood cells were significantly increased by OC treatment,
      although this excessive XA excretion was adequately corrected with 18 mg of daily
      vitamin B-6 supplementation. The metabolism of the rest of the vitamins was not
      significantly altered by OC usage. This suggests that a routine use of
      multivitamin supplement may not be necessary.

PMID- 6437740
TI  - Computed tomography of calcification and ossification of posterior longitudinal
      ligament of the spine.
AB  - Calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament occurs in about 3% of adults
      in Japan, and in about 0.7% of hospitalized adults with spinal symptoms in the
      United States. The condition may be asymptomatic, however, in patients with a
      stenotic spinal canal or when the calcification is large, it may cause
      compression of the spinal cord and myelopathy. The radiographic diagnosis is made
      when a band of calcification is noted in the spinal canal directly posterior to
      the vertebral bodies. Lateral tomograms of the spine are helpful for detection
      and measurement of the exact thickness of the calcification. Computed tomography
      is particularly helpful because it reveals the thickness and the extent of
      lateral extension of the calcification, as well as the size of the spinal canal
      and the extent of its narrowing by the calcification. Seventeen patients
      evaluated by computed tomography are reported.

PMID- 6437741
TI  - Pena in the Ecuadorian Sierra: a psychoanthropological analysis of sadness.
AB  - In highland Ecuador, pena refers to a state of mind characterized by a mixture of
      sadness and anxiety as well as to an illness state resembling depression. This
      paper attempts to illustrate, through an analysis of the discourse on pena, how
      the ideology in which it is embedded serves to interpret a bodily problem at the
      same time as it reflects a more global attitude toward life. In essence, the folk
      theory states that the physical complaints caused by suffering are the result of
      a disturbance of the heart, the central organ of man, and of the emotional life
      which it controls. Because this suffering is often attributed to the immediate
      family group of the victim, the community at large often formulates accusations
      against one of its members. Though the therapy is limited to a cure of the
      symptoms through herbal remedies, a formal request can be made to a perceived
      wrongdoer to amend his behavior. The pena is also a state which can lead to
      colerin, a dangerous and sometimes lethal illness which is characterized by a
      sudden explosion of anger or madness and which will follow an unattended state of
      pena.

PMID- 6437742
TI  - Interaction of galactosyltransferase with alpha-lactalbumin and substrates.

PMID- 6437743
TI  - [Special hints in using various cements].

PMID- 6437744
TI  - [Tooth surface polisher].

PMID- 6437745
TI  - [Nickel-chromium alloys for crown bridge casting].

PMID- 6437746
TI  - [Methods of mixing cements].

PMID- 6437747
TI  - [Composite resin restoration and dentin etching].

PMID- 6437748
TI  - [Dental implants--trends and prospects].

PMID- 6437749
TI  - [Dental cements and my clinical experiences].

PMID- 6437750
TI  - Effect of routine intensive care interactions on metabolic rate.
AB  - The alterations in metabolic (oxygen consumption [VO2] and carbon dioxide
      production [VCO2]) and hemodynamic (heart rate and blood pressure) parameters
      caused by various common intensive care activities were examined in a group of 23
      mechanically-ventilated critically-ill patients. The observed variations in
      metabolic rate can be classified into four categories as follows: (a) the lowest
      energy expenditure, which was associated with sleeping in the majority (83
      percent) of instances; (b) resting, which was defined as a state where the
      patient was lying motionless with eyes open and responding to surrounding events,
      where VO2 and VCO2 averaged 9.1 +/- 7.5(SD) percent and 7.5 +/- 7.3 percent,
      respectively, above the lowest values; (c) a variety of routine daily care
      activities (eg, bathing, performing a physical examination) that although not
      particularly painful, caused arousal from the resting state. During these
      situations, VO2 and VCO2 averaged about 20 percent above lowest values; and (d)
      chest physical therapy, which was associated with metabolic increases of 35
      percent above lowest values as well as increases in both heart rate and blood
      pressure. This study demonstrates that routine daily ICU activities can
      significantly alter metabolic rate, and thus, it is important to couple such
      measurements with astute observations of the patients' activity state. In
      addition, we have defined an activity state--resting--that can be used in the
      calculation of energy expenditure as well as for intrapatient and interpatient
      comparisons.

PMID- 6437751
TI  - Post-transplant obliterative bronchiolitis and other late lung sequelae in human
      heart-lung transplantation.
AB  - Since March 1981, 19 patients have undergone heart-lung transplantation for end
      stage pulmonary vascular disease, with 14 long-term survivors. In five of the
      survivors, obstructive airway disease has developed with the superimposition of a
      progressive restrictive ventilatory defect in three of them. None of these five
      patients showed a tendency for spontaneous improvement of flow rates. Biopsy and
      postmortem material was available in four of the five patients and showed
      obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in three. A fourth patient showed clinical and
      physiologic data consistent with obliterative bronchitis, but histologic material
      was not available. Obstructive lung disease without restrictive features
      developed in a fifth patient, but no histologic evidence of OB was found at
      transbronchial biopsy. In addition to OB, recurrent lung infections were found in
      all patients, significant pleural fibrosis in two patients, and bronchiectasis in
      one patient. Despite these long-term sequelae of human heart-lung
      transplantation, ten of the 14 surviving patients are leading relatively normal
      lives.

PMID- 6437752
TI  - Home care for life-supported persons in England. The Responaut Program.
AB  - Home care for persons who depend upon life-supportive technology represents a
      complex situation for analysis and planning. As a case-example, the ventilator
      dependent patient illustrates a formidable health care challenge for all sectors
      of society. England provides an established model for study. The "Responaut
      Program" (London) is a hospital-based home ventilator care system of services
      established in 1965 at St. Thomas' Hospital by Dr. G. Spencer. The elements of
      success of the English program presented herein are applicable to some of the
      current political, social, and economic realities of the United States.
      Operational home care concepts abroad are available for scrutiny as we in the
      United States plan pioneering efforts in this field.

PMID- 6437753
TI  - The mechanism of CO2 retention in cardiac pulmonary edema.
AB  - We studied a 58-year-old woman during an acute episode of cardiac pulmonary edema
      complicated by carbon dioxide (CO2) retention. As pulmonary wedge pressure became
      greater, metabolic production of CO2 increased by 38 ml/min and minute
      ventilation by 1.53 L; by contrast, alveolar ventilation remained unchanged due
      to a concomitant rise in physiologic dead space and, as a result, arterial CO2
      tension increased up to 61 mm Hg. With treatment, all these variables returned to
      baseline values. Subsequent measurement of mouth occlusion pressure (p 0.1)
      during a CO2 rebreathing trial showed that neuromuscular inspiratory drive
      response to CO2 was preserved, but that ventilatory response was markedly
      reduced, presumably because of the severe restrictive and obstructive ventilatory
      defect and of the loss of inspiratory muscle force demonstrated in the patient.
      We conclude that CO2 retention in cardiac pulmonary edema involves a combination
      of: (1) increased CO2 production, (2) rise in physiologic dead space, and (3)
      severe respiratory mechanical impairment.

PMID- 6437754
TI  - Tuberculoid bacilli and tuberculoidosis.

PMID- 6437755
TI  - Diverticular disease of colon in China. A 60-year retrospective study.

PMID- 6437756
TI  - Juvenile atherosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 6437757
TI  - Etiology of summer infant gastroenteritis.

PMID- 6437758
TI  - The relationship between the level of lipidemia and the macrovascular
      complications of diabetes.

PMID- 6437759
TI  - Cytologic observation on giant cell tumor of bone.

PMID- 6437760
TI  - Subtotal circumferential decompression for late thoracolumbar fracture
      dislocation complicated by paraplegia.

PMID- 6437761
TI  - Partial serial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 3.

PMID- 6437762
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in endemic goiter.

PMID- 6437763
TI  - Primary ovarian pregnancy and the intrauterine contraceptive device. A case
      report.

PMID- 6437764
TI  - Evolution of medical education in China.

PMID- 6437765
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of radioactively labelled pesticides. A summary of 20
      years' research.

PMID- 6437766
TI  - Postvaccinal neurological complication. Report of 12 cases.

PMID- 6437767
TI  - The destructive pathway in early enamel caries.

PMID- 6437768
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and primary glaucoma screening and treatment.

PMID- 6437769
TI  - Double sacs amniocentesis in twin pregnancy.

PMID- 6437770
TI  - Preparation of a Toxoplasma gondii agar gel immunodiffusion test antigen from
      ovine fetal kidney cell cultures.
AB  - A toxoplasma gondii antigen prepared from the cell-free supernatant of ovine
      fetal kidney (OFK) cell cultures produced a sharp precipitation line against anti
      Toxoplasma serum in an agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Results obtained
      from the AGID and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests on 46 human and nine
      rabbit sera were compared. Thirty-three percent of the serum samples, which were
      negative for the Toxoplasma IHA test, were positive when assayed by the AGID
      method. The AGID test appears to be superior to the IHA test for detecting low
      titers of antibodies against T. gondii. After 70 generations of serial passages
      through the OFK cell cultures, T. gondii still produced the AGID test antigen.

PMID- 6437771
TI  - [Effect of gamma-ray irradiation, DNA and protein synthesis inhibitors on the
      generation of soluble suppressor factors by mononuclear leukocytes].
AB  - During a 4-days in vitro culturing period and without any antigenic or mitogenic
      stimulation, mononuclear leukocytes of normal human peripheral blood could
      release a soluble suppressor factor(s) which was able to suppress the one-way
      mixed lymphocyte reaction to an average degree of 45.3%. The generation of the
      aforementioned factor(s) was not affected by mitomycin C which is a DNA synthesis
      inhibitor, but was suppressed to a certain extent by protein synthesis inhibitors
      such as puromycin and cycloheximide. In addition, the factor(s) released by non
      irradiated cells was more active than that released by irradiated counterparts,
      suggesting that the factor(s) was not a byproduct of cell death or metabolic
      toxic substances. The soluble suppressor factor(s) was found to be mainly
      generated by lymphocytes rather than by monocytes. However, the latter might, in
      some way, potentiate the generation of this factor(s).

PMID- 6437772
TI  - Bivalent behavior in Drosophila melanogaster males containing the In(1)sc4Lsc8RX
      chromosome.
AB  - The sex chromosome bivalent was examined in Drosophila melanogaster males
      possessing the In(1)sc4Lsc8R X chromosome. Three-dimensional reconstructions from
      electron micrographs of serially cut thin sections were made. A large proportion
      of the kinetochores of In(1)sc4Lsc8R/Y bivalents did not face opposite poles
      during metaphase I and anaphase I. This suggests that In(1)sc4Lsc8R/Y bivalents
      may have difficulty achieving bipolar stability. Delay in achieving bipolar
      stability could contribute to the nondisjunctional behavior found in
      In(1)sc4Lsc8R/Y males.

PMID- 6437773
TI  - Basal ganglia links for movement, mood and memory.

PMID- 6437774
TI  - Afferent and efferent relationships of the basal ganglia.
AB  - A survey of the known circuitry of the basal ganglia leads to the following
      conclusions. (1) No complete account can yet be given of the neural pathways by
      which the basal ganglia affect the bulbospinal motor apparatus. Channels of exit
      from the basal ganglia originate from the internal pallidal segment, the pars
      reticulata of the substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus, and each of
      these is directed in part rostrally to the cerebral cortex by way of the
      thalamus, in part caudally to the midbrain. The postsynaptic extension of the
      mesencephalic channels to bulbar and spinal motor neurons is largely unknown.
      Since the ascending channels are collectively of greatest volume, the notion
      remains plausible that the basal ganglia act in considerable part by modulating
      motor mechanisms of the cortex. (2) Recent findings in the rat suggest that the
      striatum is subdivided into a ventromedial, limbic system-afferented region and a
      dorsolateral, 'non-limbic' region largely corresponding to the main distribution
      of corticostriatal fibres from the motor cortex. These two subdivisions appear to
      give rise to different striatofugal lines, the outflow from the limbic-afferented
      sector partly re-entering the circuitry of the limbic system. (3) The limbic
      afferented striatal sector suggests itself as an interface between the
      motivational and the more strictly motor aspects of movement. This suggestion is
      strengthened by evidence that the 'limbic striatum' seems enabled by its
      striatonigral efferents to modulate not only the source of its own dopamine
      innervation but also that of a large additional striatal region.

PMID- 6437775
TI  - Possible role of mycobacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. II. Mycobacterial
      antibodies in Crohn's disease.
AB  - An unclassified Mycobacterium species has been isolated from two patients with
      Crohn's disease (CD). Antibodies to the unclassified mycobacteria cross-reacted
      with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Because of this cross-reactivity, an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the sera of inflammatory
      bowel disease (IBD) patients, both CD (N = 56), and ulcerative colitis (UC) (N =
      34), for antibodies to M. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, and
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Controls consisted of healthy, PPD-negative
      individuals (N = 67), and from PPD-positive patients (N = 41). Eighteen resected
      CD patients were also examined. CD patients had a statistically significant
      increase in antibody titer (P = 0.0003) to M. paratuberculosis compared to
      healthy controls. Although patients with positive PPD had elevated titers to this
      organism, the positive response of CD patients was not related to PPD
      responsiveness, area of involvement in the gut, nor to activity of the disease
      process.

PMID- 6437776
TI  - The urine anion gap: the critical clue to resolve a diagnostic dilemma in a
      patient with ketoacidosis.
AB  - Usually, ketoacidosis presents few if any diagnostic or therapeutic problems; in
      this article, we report a case where ketoacidosis was clinically occult and
      biochemically obscure. The patient presented with acute pancreatitis associated
      with a modest antecedent alcohol intake. Metabolic acidosis with a normal anion
      gap (10 meq/L) was observed together with moderate hyperglycemia and a 2 + (but
      not 4 +) test for serum ketones. None of the usual causes of metabolic acidosis
      with a normal anion gap was identified nor was there an obvious explanation for a
      reduction in unmeasured anion gap (e.g., hypoalbuminemia, dysproteinemia, or the
      presence of abnormal halides). Despite the initial normal anion gap, ketoacidosis
      was suspected clinically and this was confirmed by the elevated serum B
      hydroxybutyrate of 8 mmol/L. We deduced that the serum unmeasured anions, which
      should have been increased by at least 8 meq/L, were being underestimated because
      of the effect of hypertriglyceridemia on the serum chloride determination. When
      the serum chloride was reestimated by a method not influenced by hyperlipidemia,
      the value was 102 mmol/L not 112 mmol/L and, when reevaluated, the anion gap was
      indeed appropriately elevated. In addition, the urine anion gap (Na + K - Cl) was
      103 meq/L in the absence of renal disease. This indicated that the expected large
      quantity of urinary ammonium must have been masked by an even greater quantity of
      unmeasured anion; in this case proven by direct measurement to be B
      hydroxybutyrate. Finally, metabolism of the alcohol ingested, which yields
      hepatic NADH, could explain, in part, the modest hyperglycemia and the absence of
      a 4 + test for serum ketones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437777
TI  - Factors influencing the persistence and metabolism of chemicals in fish.

PMID- 6437778
TI  - The sensitivity of rainbow trout and other fish to carcinogens.
AB  - Systematic design of replacement chemicals with reduced toxicities will require
      knowledge of mechanisms of action of parent compounds, especially in species
      which occupy the environment of most likely exposure. For aquatic systems, the
      rainbow trout has proven a valuable model for studying mechanisms of
      carcinogenicity. By comparison, small aquarium species show great potential as in
      situ field monitors of aquatic contamination by toxic chemicals but are less
      developed for mechanism studies. Fish species, especially rainbow trout, have
      also proven useful alternatives to traditional rodent models for comparative
      studies on mechanisms of action of nonaquatic carcinogens. These kinds of
      comparative studies form an essential basis for extrapolation of animal studies
      to man. Carcinogenicity testing of individual compounds and their replacements
      can provide only limited information on the expected impact of such chemicals on
      natural populations, since these populations are unavoidably exposed to potent
      modulators of the carcinogenic response. Hence any program which aims at redesign
      of commercial chemicals with reduced toxicities must have as a prior aim the full
      understanding of the mechanisms of joint carcinogen-inhibitor-promotor
      interactions. Because of their high sensitivity, low cost per individual, and low
      background tumor incidences, fish models such as the rainbow trout may be the
      only vertebrate models in which it is economically practical to initiate such
      complex studies.

PMID- 6437779
TI  - Metabolism of carcinogenic amino derivatives in various species and DNA
      alkylation by their metabolites.

PMID- 6437780
TI  - Captopril: pharmacology, metabolism and disposition.
AB  - By inhibiting ACE, captopril blocks the conversion of AI or AII and augments the
      effects of bradykinin both in vitro and in vivo. In rats, dogs, and monkeys with
      2-kidney renal hypertension, orally administered captopril rapidly and markedly
      reduces blood pressure; this antihypertensive effect apparently occurs via a
      renin-dependent mechanism; that is, the inhibition of ACE. In 1-kidney renal
      hypertension studies in rats and dogs, it was determined that oral doses of
      captopril markedly lowered blood pressure, but only after several days of dosing;
      the mechanism is thought to be non-renin dependent. In SHR, daily oral doses of
      captopril progressively lowered blood pressure; normal levels were attained by
      the sixth month. In all species studied, the reduction in blood pressure resulted
      from a reduction in total peripheral resistance; cardiac output remained
      unchanged or increased. In humans, captopril reduces blood pressure in patients
      with essential hypertension with low, normal, and high renin levels, and in
      patients with renovascular hypertension and hypertension associated with chronic
      renal failure. In hypertensive patients with high plasma renin activity,
      captopril apparently exerts most of its pharmacologic effects through inhibition
      of ACE. The means by which captopril reduces high blood pressure associated with
      low or normal PRA is not known, but it is clear that captopril does not act on an
      overactive plasma renin-angiotensin system in these cases. The antihypertensive
      effect of captopril is enhanced when it is given in combination with a diuretic
      or after salt depletion. Captopril was rapidly and well absorbed in all species
      tested, including man. Studies in rodents indicated that ingestion of food caused
      a reduction in the extent of absorption and bioavailability of captopril.
      Captopril and/or its metabolites were distributed extensively and rapidly
      throughout most tissues of normal rats; no radioactivity was detected in the
      brain. In vitro and in vivo, captopril formed disulfide bonds with albumin and
      other proteins. This binding was reversible in nature. In vitro studies in blood
      indicates that the disulfide dimer of captopril and mixed disulfides of captopril
      with L-cysteine and glutathione were formed. In intact blood cells, captopril
      remained in the reduced form (sulfhydryl), whereas in whole blood or plasma,
      captopril was converted to its disulfide dimer and other oxidative products.
      Biotransformation of captopril may involve both enzymatic and nonenzymatic
      processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6437781
TI  - Transdermal nitroglycerin: a reevaluation.

PMID- 6437782
TI  - Generalized motor seizure following metrizamide cisternography.
AB  - Metrizamide is a water-soluble contrast medium used as a diagnostic tool in
      myelography and cisternography. Despite its accepted safety, its use has been
      associated with generalized motor seizures, and several cases of this toxicity
      have been reported. Risk factors include phenothiazine ingestion, seizure
      history, and large doses of the contrast material. Abnormal
      electroencephalographic wave patterns, as well as seizure activity, are less
      frequent after cisternography than myelography. A case of a metrizamide-induced
      generalized motor seizure following cisternography is reported in a patient with
      none of the above risk factors. The need for a thorough medication history and
      the use of prophylactic anticonvulsants in selected patients is discussed.

PMID- 6437783
TI  - Acalculous cholecystitis and fever related to total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Over the past several years, clinicians have become aware of the importance of
      maintaining a positive nitrogen balance in hospitalized patients. This has led to
      the widespread use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, with increased
      experience with this form of nutrition, numerous potential complications have
      been uncovered. One of the complications demonstrated with increased frequency is
      that of abnormal liver function, manifested by elevated serum liver enzymes. This
      report describes a 44-year-old woman with rectal abscesses and possible
      inflammatory bowel disease who developed severe right upper quadrant pain,
      abnormally elevated liver enzymes, and elevated body temperature during her
      course of TPN therapy. These problems possibly were related to the TPN regimen.
      Once TPN therapy was discontinued, the patient's liver enzyme values and elevated
      body temperature began to return to baseline. She subsequently was discharged
      from the hospital. A follow-up visit to the physician's office revealed that all
      liver enzyme values had returned to normal, the pain had resolved, and she was
      recovering well.

PMID- 6437784
TI  - [Analysis of surface markers on cerebrospinal fluid-producing cells. Contribution
      to the differential diagnosis of intrathecal lymphomas].
AB  - For differentiating between inflammatory and neoplastic intrathecal
      lymphopleocytosis, analysis of CSF cell surface markers was employed in two
      patients. In one case, diagnosis of intrathecal spreading of a previously not
      diagnosed lymphoma was established by identifying a uniform population of CALLA
      negative (CALLA = common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen) lymphocytes
      carrying kappa light chains, which reacted with an anti-B monoclonal antibody. In
      the second case, cytological examination of CSF showed atypical lymphoid cells as
      well as lymphoblasts and numerous mitoses. On the other hand, analysis of the CSF
      cell surface markers revealed a typical inflammatory reaction pattern in which
      antibody-positive inducer (helper) T-lymphocytes predominated. This pointed to
      inflammatory lymphopleocytosis as likely diagnosis.

PMID- 6437785
TI  - [Treatment of von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome with "hepatitis-free" factor VIII
      concentrates].
AB  - In five patients with von Willebrand's disease the haemostatic effect of heat
      treated factor VIII concentrates was examined. For comparison, small-pool
      cryoprecipitate was used. All three preparations (Factor VIII-HT Hyland, Factor
      VIII HS Behringwerke, Kryobulin SP) were shown to improve abnormal laboratory
      findings, especially bleeding time, and at times even normalize them. It was
      possible to prevent bleedings during operative procedures, and effectively treat
      spontaneous bleedings. Factor VIII-HT and Factor VIII HS could be used in dosages
      comparable to cryoprecipitate (20-40 U/kg); in patients undergoing surgery a dose
      interval of eight hours is recommended. Two of four patients suffering of chronic
      liver disease had raised transaminase activities after receiving Factor VIII-HT.
      Although the risk of hepatitis cannot be conclusively assessed, the preparations
      used provide, owing to their good blood-clotting effect, an advance in the
      treatment and prevention of serious complications in patients with von
      Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6437786
TI  - [Scintigraphy with indium 111-labeled blood platelets].

PMID- 6437787
TI  - [Poisoning by hypochlorite-containing disinfectants. A retrospective analysis of
      594 cases of poisoning].
AB  - Hypochlorite-containing disinfectants or bleaching fluids, if inhaled, may lead
      to life-threatening poisoning (56% of moderately severe cases, 5% of severe
      cases) through the immediate liberation of chlorine gas, if they are used
      together with another cleansing fluid which is very acid. A rough estimate
      suggests that there must be about 700 cases of such poisonings per year in the
      Federal Republic of Germany. The characteristic symptom is a respiratory distress
      syndrome when the liberated chlorine gas is inhaled. Toxic pulmonary oedema and
      cardiovascular failure can occur if the poisoning takes a fulminating course.

PMID- 6437788
TI  - [The status of screening for occult blood in the feces].

PMID- 6437789
TI  - [Possible role of Bac. megaterium H antigens common with tumor antigens in the
      increase of the antitumor activity of lymphocytes].
AB  - The antitumour cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes is shown to increase both with
      inoculation of antigens contained in tumour cells and under the influence of
      microbial Bac. megaterium H., culture, its ultrasonic homogenate, cell walls and
      cytoplasmic preparation. Certain cytoplasmic fractions of Bac. megaterium H, like
      other microbial and tissue antigens having no similarity with tumour cells, did
      not produce such an effect. An assumption is advanced that the increase in the
      antitumour cytotoxicity of lymphocytes under the influence of Bac. megaterium H
      is due to the cross-reacting antigens contained in the microbial cell and
      blastoma tissue.

PMID- 6437790
TI  - [Functional state of the thyroid and its regulatory system in tumor-bearing
      animals].
AB  - A comparative study of labelled thyroxine and iodine accumulation was carried out
      in the thyroid endocrine complex under endoliquor and intraabdominal introduction
      of thyrotropic hormone (TTH) and thyrotropin-releasing-factor (TRF) in rats with
      transplantable and induced tumours as well as in intact animals. A sharp decrease
      of the system response to TRF in tumour-bearing animals was established. The
      incorporation of labelled thyroxine introduced into the thyroid gland tissue and
      posterior region of the hypothalamus is found to be lower under the tumour
      growth. The character of changes causing the disturbances in the activity of the
      thyroid gland should be taken into account in an attempt to normalize the gland
      activity. The normalization should be based on the complex influence directed to
      all the links of the hypothalamus-pituitary thyroid gland system.

PMID- 6437791
TI  - Does prolactin modify testosterone feedback in the hamster? Suppression of plasma
      prolactin inhibits photoperiod-induced decreases in testosterone feedback
      sensitivity.
AB  - The hormonal changes during the photoperiodically driven annual reproductive
      cycle of the male golden hamster can be explained partially by a change in the
      sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to negative feedback by
      testosterone (T). The present studies test the hypothesis that the increases in
      plasma levels of LH and FSH that follow photo-stimulation are due to decreasing
      feedback sensitivity and examine if this change in sensitivity is dependent upon
      increasing PRL levels. Adult males were exposed to a lighting schedule of 5 h of
      light, 19 h of darkness (5:19) for 12 weeks to induce gonadal regression. The
      animals were castrated; treated with an inhibitor of PRL release, bromocriptine
      (CB-154), or oil; and received a Silastic capsule that was empty or filled with
      T. Subsequently, the animals were transferred to 14:10 and killed 9 or 31 days
      later. There were no significant changes in FSH and LH in animals receiving oil
      injections and empty implants between days 9 and 31, suggesting no steroid
      independent changes in gonadotropin secretion during this time period. However, 4
      mm T implants were more effective in suppressing LH and FSH levels on day 9 than
      on day 31. This suggests that there is a gradual decrease in feedback sensitivity
      to T following photostimulation. T was more effective in inhibiting LH and FSH
      levels in CB-154-treated than in oil-treated animals on both day 9 and day 31.
      Thus, increases in PRL release are instrumental in causing decreases in feedback
      sensitivity following photostimulation.

PMID- 6437792
TI  - An osmometric method for the bioassay of vasotocin and related peptides in the
      toad bladder.
AB  - This study describes a new method for quantitating the antidiuretic activity of 8
      arginine vasotocin (AVT) and related peptides on the isolated toad urinary
      bladder. The method is based on measuring changes in the osmolality of the
      surface fluid film of bladders that have been filled with a dilute solution and
      suspended in humidified air. Eight microliters of Ringer's fluid containing a
      known concentration of hormone are applied to small paper discs (0.7 cm in
      diameter), and the discs are then placed with fine forceps onto the outer surface
      of the bladder to which they adhere. The hormone increases the permeability to
      water of the epithelium that is underneath the area of the disc, and as water
      moves from the interior of the bladder along its osmotic gradient to the outer
      surface of the bladder, the Ringer's fluid in the disc becomes diluted. The
      magnitude of this dilution is quantitated by removing the discs to a vapor
      pressure osmometer at timed intervals. A supramaximal dose of AVT reduced disc
      fluid osmolality by 188 mosmol/kg H2O within 15 min. Similar maximal responses
      were observed with 8-arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, and 8-lysine
      vasopressin, although the potencies of these hormones diminished in the order
      listed above. AVT was 112-fold more potent than AVP, and AVP, in turn, was 329
      fold more potent than 8-lysine vasopressin. The lower limit at which AVT was
      detected in this assay was 0.25 pg/disc (3 X 10(-11) M). The intra- and
      interassay variabilities for AVT were 14% and 28% (+/- SD), respectively. This
      assay is suitable for measuring the biological activity of hormone analogs
      lacking vasopressor activity, such as desmopressin, which was found to have a
      hydroosmotic activity of 8.3 +/- 2.4 U/mg. After osmotic stimulation, AVT was
      detected in toad plasma at a concentration of 1.4 X 10(-10) M. Therefore, this
      method has the requisite sensitivity for measuring this hormone in biological
      fluids of amphibia, reptiles, fish, and birds.

PMID- 6437793
TI  - Evidence from the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) for the view that negative
      feedback control of luteinizing hormone secretion by the testis is mediated by a
      deceleration of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency.
AB  - The site and mode of the feedback actions of testicular hormones on gonadotropin
      secretion in the adult rhesus monkey were investigated using the arcuate-lesioned
      preparation previously employed by others to study cognate problems in the
      female. The negative feedback loop that governs LH and FSH release in the male
      monkey was opened without changing either the frequency or amplitude of
      intermittent GnRH stimulation of the pituitary gonadotrophs, which was clamped by
      exogenous GnRH replacement at a level that approximated the intact or closed loop
      hypophysiotropic signal. In this manner, the relative importance of
      adenohypophysial vs. hypothalamic sites of feedback action of testicular hormones
      on LH and FSH secretion was assessed. To accomplish the foregoing, radiofrequency
      lesions were placed in the region of the arcuate nucleus to abolish endogenous
      hypothalamic GnRH secretion. Patterns of temporally coupled episodes of pituitary
      LH and testicular testosterone discharge that in nonlesioned animals
      characteristically occur, on the average, once every 3 h throughout the 24-h
      light-dark cycle were restored in lesioned animals by an intermittent iv infusion
      of GnRH (0.1 micrograms/min for 3 min every 3 h). Bilateral orchidectomy in this
      experimental paradigm elicited only small increments in LH pulse amplitude and
      mean plasma LH concentration, a response in striking contrast to the dramatic
      postcastration LH hypersecretion observed in animals with intact hypothalami that
      respond to the opening of the negative feedback loop with an apparent
      acceleration in the endogenous frequency of intermittent GnRH secretion. A marked
      rise in mean plasma LH concentration in arcuate-lesioned males, however, was
      forth-coming when the frequency of intermittent exogenous GnRH stimulation was
      increased 2-3 weeks after castration from one pulse every 3 h (intact frequency)
      to one pulse per h (castrate frequency). These findings fail to provide evidence
      for a major inhibitory feedback action of the testes on LH secretion at the level
      of the adenohypophysis. They are entirely consistent, however, with the
      hypothesis that the negative feedback control of LH release by the male gonad is
      mediated, principally, via the central nervous system by an action of testicular
      hormone, most probably testosterone, to retard the frequency of the neural timing
      mechanism that governs the intermittent pattern of GnRH release by the
      hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6437794
TI  - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on prolactin compartments in clonal rat
      pituitary tumor cells.
AB  - PRL compartments were studied in a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells
      (GH3B6). The cells were pulse-labeled for 10 min with 35S-methionine and then
      chased for 20 h in the absence or presence of TRH (30 nM) or cycloheximide (3.6 X
      10(-5) M), or both. The specific radioactivity (SA) of PRL was followed in the
      cells and chase medium as a function of chase time and treatments. The transit of
      labeled and unlabeled PRL has been investigated in cells treated with monensin (1
      microM), a drug which is known to perturb the Golgi zone. Newly synthesized PRL
      was rapidly (15 min of chase) and preferentially released in basal conditions.
      The pattern of the decay of the SA of PRL released in the medium suggested the
      existence of at least two PRL pools with different half-lives: 15 min and 3 h,
      respectively. TRH induced the preferential release of a PRL pool synthesized
      before the labeling pulse. Monensin decreased the basal release of total
      radioimmunoassayable PRL without affecting that of the newly synthesized PRL. In
      contrast, it did not affect the stimulating effect of TRH on the release of
      unlabeled PRL. These results are in favor of the existence of different
      intracellular routes for the basal release of PRL (mostly newly synthesized) and
      the TRH-stimulated release of PRL (mostly stored). Moreover, after 20 h of chase
      a large fraction (approximately 80%) of the labeled immunoprecipitated material
      remained intracellularly located and not degraded. This material was not
      mobilizable by TRH even in the presence of cycloheximide. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis analysis revealed that it consisted of large immunoreactive
      proteins (mol wt, 45,000 and 50,000) instead of mol wt 23,000 PRL which was found
      in the medium.

PMID- 6437795
TI  - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on prolactin compartments in normal rat
      pituitary cells in primary culture.
AB  - PRL compartments have been studied in normal rat pituitary cells cultured for 6
      days. The cells were pulse-labeled for 15 min with 35S-methionine and then chased
      for 24 h in the absence or presence of cycloheximide (3.6 X 10(-5) M). TRH (30
      nM) was introduced into the medium either at the beginning or after increasing
      durations of chase. The findings were compared with those obtained with GH3B6
      cells in similar experimental conditions. Despite the fact that normal PRL cells
      differ from GH3B6 cells by a large intracellular PRL store, several similarities
      were found between the two systems: newly synthesized PRL was rapidly and
      preferentially released in basal conditions, the pattern of the decay of the
      specific radioactivity of PRL released into the medium suggested the existence of
      at least two PRL pools with different half-lives: 2.5 h and 22 h, respectively,
      TRH induced the preferential release of stored PRL synthesized before the pulse,
      only 20% of the pulse-labeled PRL was released into the medium after 24 h of
      chase. However, normal PRL cells differed in several respects from GH3B6 cells:
      the turnover time of the two PRL pools is 8 times greater in normal PRL cells, an
      asynchrony in the time of appearance of labeled PRL in the medium was observed,
      suggesting a functional heterogeneity of these cells, at the end of the chase,
      40% of the pulse-labeled PRL was lost in the case of normal cells, but not of
      GH3B6 cells, and this was prevented by cycloheximide, polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis analysis of this labeled immunoprecipitated intracellular
      material revealed the existence, in addition to the mol wt of 23,000 PRL and the
      large PRL-like forms (mol wt, 45,000 and 50,000), as observed with GH3B6 cells,
      of smaller proteins (mol wts, 39,000, 36,000, 20,000, 18,000, 15,000), which
      might represent degradation products.

PMID- 6437796
TI  - Perinatal and postnatal patterns of plasma sex steroid-binding protein and
      testosterone in relation to puberty in the male little brown bat.
AB  - The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus lucifugus) possesses a specific plasma sex
      steroid-binding protein (SBP) which exhibits high affinity for both testosterone
      (T) and estradiol. To examine the peri- and postnatal patterns of plasma androgen
      binding in relation to puberty, concentrations of SBP and total T levels were
      measured in males at various intervals throughout the first year of life. In
      addition, reproductive organs were examined histologically over this period. SBP
      levels were low (less than 7 nM) in near-term fetuses (mid-June) but increased
      more than 30-fold by 1 week of age (range, 245-602 nM). Elevated titers of this
      protein were present until 3 weeks of age. By 4 weeks of age (onset of puberty,
      initiation of the first spermatogenesis), SBP concentrations had fallen
      significantly, and by 12 weeks, just before the first winter hibernation period,
      plasma SBP levels had returned to low prenatal-like values (3-12 nM). These
      levels were maintained throughout winter dormancy. The total plasma T
      concentrations were also elevated during the early postnatal period and were
      comparable to or even exceeded those previously measured in spermatogenically
      active adults. Plasma T levels then declined in parallel to those of SBP and
      reached a nadir (less than 0.6 ng/ml) by 12 weeks of age. As with SBP, T also
      remained low throughout hibernation. Although a complete spermatogenic cycle was
      found to occur in postnatal bats during the summer of their birth, this cycle was
      greatly reduced compared to that which occurs in sexually mature adults during
      the same period. Maximal testicular weights from the postnatal males were only
      one fifth of those previously measured in adult males. In addition, the
      epididymides in the young bats remained virtually devoid of sperm, and the
      accessory glands showed little evidence of stimulation. Thus, this first
      spermatogenic cycle in Myotis does not result in the attainment of sexual
      maturity and, therefore, appears to be "silent." Since sexual maturity is reached
      during the following summer when the bats are approximately 1 yr of age, the
      pubertal process in Myotis is prolonged and appears to be biphasic. Nevertheless,
      the existence of a perinatal rise in SBP levels (which is repeated in this
      species when the pubertal process is reinitiated during the second summer) as
      well as a decline in SBP levels during the onset of puberty resembles that
      previously described for other mammals.

PMID- 6437797
TI  - Control of plasma sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) in the little brown bat:
      effects of photoperiod and orchiectomy on the induction of SBP in immature males.
AB  - Immature male little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus lucifugus) exhibit striking
      increases in plasma levels of sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) when aroused
      prematurely from the latter half of hibernation. To identify some of the factors
      that control this induction, the effects of castration, photoperiod manipulation,
      and season (early vs. late hibernation) were studied. During the latter half of
      hibernation, the elevation of plasma SBP levels induced by premature arousal was
      found to be similar in intact and castrated males. Since castration completely
      abolished the postarousal rise in plasma testosterone levels, and estradiol
      concentrations remained low (less than 10 pg/ml) in both groups, changes in
      gonadal steroids are apparently not responsible for these increases in SBP. The
      induction of SBP in males aroused late in hibernation also appeared to be
      independent of whether animals were maintained under long [16 h of light, 8 h of
      darkness (16L:8D)] or short (8L:16D) photoperiods. Three weeks after arousal,
      plasma SBP concentrations in the intact groups were 228 +/- 17 nM (mean +/- SE;
      16L:8D) and 271 +/- 5 (8L:16D), while in the castrated groups, SBP levels were
      256 +/- 43 (16L:8D) and 231 +/- 19 (8L:16D). In addition, comparable degrees of
      gonadal activation, including increases in testicular weight, rises in
      circulating testosterone, and initiation of spermatogenesis, were observed in
      both the long and the short photoperiod groups. During the first half of
      hibernation, the induction of SBP was similarly unaffected by castration.
      However, at this time, photoperiod had a marked effect on SBP induction. Only
      males maintained under a long photoperiod after arousal from early hibernation
      exhibited increased levels of SBP (158 +/- 51 nM) and evidence of gonadal
      activity. The animals housed under a short photoperiod had lower levels of SBP
      (44 +/- 22 nM) and exhibited no gonadal activation. In general, responses seen in
      animals aroused during the first half of hibernation were reduced compared to
      those observed after arousal during the second half of hibernation. Thus, the
      postarousal increase in SBP appears to be independent of gonadal secretions, but
      can be influenced by photoperiod during early hibernation.

PMID- 6437798
TI  - Ontogeny of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and histidyl proline diketopiperazine
      in the rat central nervous system and pancreas.
AB  - The ontogeny of TRH and of a proposed TRH metabolite, histidyl proline
      diketopiperazine (His-Pro DKP), was determined in the rat central nervous system
      and pancreas as a means of studying the interrelationship of these peptides.
      Various regions of the rat brain, spinal cord, and pancreas were dissected from
      animals ranging in age from prenatal day 17 to adult. The tissues were extracted
      for TRH and His-Pro DKP, and tissue levels of the two peptides were measured by
      specific RIAs. We found increasing TRH levels in the hypothalamus, spinal cord,
      and multiple extrahypothalamic brain regions in the developing rat [e.g. from 21
      +/- 3 (+/- SE) pg/hypothalamus on prenatal day 17 to 2606 +/- 296 pg/hypothalamus
      in the adult]. In the rat pancreas, however, TRH levels initially increased from
      354 +/- 37 pg/pancreas on prenatal day 21 to 749 +/- 68 pg/pancreas on postnatal
      day 7, but from day 7 to adulthood, the TRH content fell dramatically, being
      undetectable in the adult rat pancreas. The His-Pro DKP content increased in
      nearly all tissues studied, with peak values occurring on postnatal days 10 and
      28 and in the adult. There was little apparent correlation, however, between the
      anatomical distribution and ontogeny of TRH compared with those of His-Pro DKP.
      We conclude that His-Pro DKP and TRH have widespread distributions involving the
      hypothalamus, extrahypothalamic brain, spinal cord, and pancreas in the
      developing rat. TRH and His-Pro DKP, however, have differing patterns of ontogeny
      in the rat, suggesting that His-Pro DKP may be derived from sources other than
      just TRH.

PMID- 6437799
TI  - Immunization with zona pellucida proteins results in abnormal ovarian follicular
      differentiation and inhibition of gonadotropin-induced steroid secretion.
AB  - Changes in rabbit ovarian hormonal responses and cellular differentiation of
      ovarian follicles after immunization with porcine zona pellucida (ZP) have been
      examined. Steroid and peptide hormone levels were monitored after immunization to
      evaluate ovulation and pseudopregnancy cycles in immunized and control animals.
      All immunized rabbits developed serum antibodies to specific ZP antigens and
      failed to form functional corpora lutea in response to hCG administration, as
      evidenced by the absence of elevated serum progesterone concentrations. This is
      in contrast to control rabbits, which had elevated progesterone levels 8-9 days
      after hCG administration. Furthermore, all immunized animals showed greatly
      increased serum levels of FSH and LH compared to those of control animals. These
      effects on ovarian function were apparent within 20 weeks of the primary
      immunization. Follicular development was analyzed by light and electron
      microscopies. The numbers of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles in
      ovaries of immunized animals were markedly reduced within 7 weeks compared with
      control values. By 23 weeks, few if any growing follicles were present. Although
      numerous distinct clusters of cells with ultrastructural properties that resemble
      those of normal follicular cells were present in immunized animals, they
      contained no oocytes. These studies suggest that antibodies to ZP glycoprotein
      alter ovarian function by interfering with cells during the stage of follicle
      differentiation at which the ZP proteins are being synthesized and secreted. This
      system should provide an excellent model with which to study the early events
      associated with ovarian follicular cell differentiation and subsequent hormonal
      responsiveness.

PMID- 6437800
TI  - Effect of destruction of the dorsal anterior hypothalamus on follicle-stimulating
      hormone secretion in the rat.
AB  - The role of the paraventricular nucleus-dorsal anterior hypothalamus (PVN-DAHA)
      in the control of anterior pituitary gland secretion of FSH and LH in castrated
      male and female rats was examined. Bilateral radiofrequency lesions of the PVN
      DAHA in chronically ovariectomized (OVX) rats lowered plasma FSH levels by 33% (P
      less than 0.005) compared to values in unoperated and sham-operated control rats;
      plasma LH concentrations were unaltered. RIA of median eminence (ME) LHRH
      concentrations in these animals revealed no differences among the three
      experimental groups. Other categories of diencephalic destruction did not result
      in this pattern of selectively reduced FSH release. Bilateral radiofrequency
      destruction of the PVN-DAHA also attenuated by 50% (P less than 0.025 to P less
      than 0.005) the progesterone-induced surge of FSH in estrogen-primed OVX rats.
      Progesterone-induced LH release was unaffected by PVN-DAHA lesions. Other lesion
      categories failed to show the same result. Bilateral ablation of the PVN-DAHA in
      male rats resulted in a selective diminution of the postcastration rise of plasma
      FSH beginning 48 h postcastration (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.005) and
      persisting for 14 days (P less than 0.005) after orchidectomy, thus revealing the
      time course and permanence of this procedure on plasma FSH levels. The
      postcastration rise of plasma LH levels was not affected by PVN-DAHA lesions. The
      concentration of ME LHRH was the same among orchidectomized male rats whether
      they bore PVN-DAHA lesions, sham lesions, or no lesions. In summary, destruction
      of the PVN-DAHA was found to reduce significantly the elevation of plasma FSH,
      but not LH, in the OVX rat and the estrogen-progesterone-stimulated OVX rat. PVN
      DAHA lesions also attenuated the postcastration rise of FSH, but not that of LH,
      in the male. The failure of lesions of the PVN-DAHA to alter ME LHRH
      concentrations in the face of decreased FSH release does not prove that LHRH
      release is totally unaffected by this procedure. This finding is, however,
      consistent with the concept that diminished FSH secretion could be the result of
      a deficiency of a hypothalamic releasing factor (FSH-releasing factor?) other
      than that of the LHRH decapeptide.

PMID- 6437801
TI  - Comparison of growth hormone responses to human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor and other pharmacological stimuli in acromegalic patients.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (pGRF) was
      administrated intravenously to 14 acromegalic patients, and the response of
      plasma GH to pGRF was compared with that to TRH, GnRH or other GH-stimulating
      agents in these patients. Three patients hyperresponded (more than 8 times), 4
      patients responded (2-4 times), 4 patients hyporesponded (1.5-2.0 times) and 3
      patients did not respond at all. There was no correlation between the responses
      to TRH and pGRF, however, an intimate relationship was observed between responses
      to pGRF and GnRH in the patients who hyperresponded to pGRF. A patient not
      responding to pGRF showed a marked response to insulin or clonidine and another
      patient not responding to insulin or clonidine did respond to pGRF. Similarly,
      some patients not responding to FK 33-824, a met-enkephalin analog, or arginine
      did respond to pGRF.

PMID- 6437802
TI  - [Nursing care of patients with diarrheal syndrome and treatment with enteral and
      mixed or modified feeding].

PMID- 6437803
TI  - Ethanol inhibition of pituitary-thyroid axis: an effect secondary to nutritional
      deficiency.
AB  - Ethanol as either 20% or 36% of total calories in a Lieber diet was administered
      to male rats. At these concentrations, ethanol consumption relative to body
      weight did not differ. Pair-fed controls were restricted to the amount of
      calories consumed by rats given ethanol. Under these conditions, a direct effect
      of ethanol on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis could not be
      demonstrated. There were no differences between pair-fed control and ethanol
      treated rats in serum or pituitary TSH, TSH response to TRH, or T4 and T3 levels.
      On the other hand, in rats given ethanol as 36% of total calories ("36%" ethanol
      treated), and in their pair-fed controls, a marked decrease in serum T4 levels
      occurred (25% and 30%), relative to the corresponding "20%" groups. The decreased
      T4 in the "36%" groups was associated with a pronounced fall in caloric intake,
      decreased serum TSH, and declines in adenohypophyseal and body weights -- all of
      which were of similar magnitude in experimental and control rats. Thus, inanition
      was probably the primary cause of reduced thyroid function in the "36%" groups.
      An interesting aspect of this change was the finding of no difference in serum T3
      levels between pair-fed control and ethanol treated rats in the 36% and 20%
      groups despite the reduced T4 and caloric intake in 36% animals; the lack of
      decrease in T3 concentration in 36% animals may reflect augmented peripheral
      conversion of T4 to T3 or reduced T3 clearance.

PMID- 6437804
TI  - Effects of the (imBzl)D-His6, Des-Gly analog of GnRH on gonadotropin and
      estradiol secretion in normal women.
AB  - The acute gonadotropin and estradiol responses following single subcutaneous
      injections of 10, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms of [(imBzl)]D-His6,Pro9-NEt]-GnRH
      were compared to those after 100 micrograms of [D-Trp6, Pro9-NEt]-GnRH. The
      gonadotropin responses after 50-100 micrograms of the D-His analog of GnRH were
      equivalent to those following 100 micrograms of the D-Trp analog. The ovarian E2
      response, a reflection of the total cumulative secretion of gonadotropins, was
      similar at 100 micrograms of each analog. The estradiol response paralleled the
      increasing gonadotropin response accompanying the graded doses of the D-His
      analog, indicating the lack of a direct inhibitory action of this GnRH agonist on
      the ovary. Assessment of both gonadotropin and estradiol responses appears to be
      satisfactory for assessing relative potency among GnRH agonistic analogs.

PMID- 6437805
TI  - Metabolism and excretion of 2-ethoxyethanol in the adult male rat.
AB  - The routes of 14C excretion following the administration of a single oral 230
      mg/kg body weight dose of 2-ethoxyethanol [ethanol-1,2-14C] or 2-ethoxyethanol
      [ethoxy-1-14C] to male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Elimination of the
      14C by the urinary route accounted for 76 to 80% of the dose within 96 hr. The
      main pathway of biotransformation is oxidation to the corresponding acid, with
      some subsequent conjugation of the acid metabolite with glycine. The major
      metabolites, ethoxyacetic acid and N-ethoxy-acetyl glycine, representing 73 to
      76% of the administered dose, were eliminated in the urine. The major difference
      in the metabolic profiles of the two radiochemicals was in the rate and amount of
      14CO2 expired via the lung. Of the administered 14C, 11.7% of the ethoxy-labeled
      and 4.6% of the ethanol-labeled compounds were eliminated as CO2. The biological
      half-time was 9.9 +/- 1.5 hr for the ethoxy-labeled compound and 12.5 +/- 1.9 hr
      for the ethanol label. After administration of the ethanol-labeled compound, the
      only radiolabeled component found in the rat testes was identified as
      ethoxyacetic acid. Results of this study suggest that the reported testicular
      effects in the rat may be a result of tissue levels of ethoxyacetic acid.

PMID- 6437806
TI  - Cell calcium, cell injury and cell death.
AB  - The role of calcium in cell injury has been the subject of much recent
      investigation. The movement and redistribution of this cation from extra to
      intracellular compartments and the calcium shifts between intracellular
      compartments may well play a determinate role in the cell's reaction to injury.
      Therefore, data of such shifts and their correlation with morphological,
      biochemical and cytoskeletal studies will provide a better understanding of these
      processes. To study the effects of calcium regulation on acute lethal anoxic
      injury and the effects of inhibition of respiration with cyanide, three
      experimental systems were utilized: Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, isolated rabbit
      proximal tubule segments and suspended or cultured rat proximal tubule cells.
      Although our data showed no correlation between total cell calcium and cell death
      except in highly selected cell systems, they did indicate that calcium can be an
      important control variable. Therefore, massive increases in total cell calcium,
      as seen in Ca3(PO4)2 precipitation in mitochondria, must be a secondary event and
      represent the modern day equivalent of the classical dystrophic calcification
      seen by pathologists in the past. Although the involvement of extracellular
      calcium in cell death may well be significant in some cell types, redistribution
      of calcium within the intracellular compartments may play an even more important
      role.

PMID- 6437807
TI  - Inhibition of N-glycosylation induces tyrosine sulphation of hybridoma
      immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) secreted by the hybridoma line M 31 was found to
      contain covalently linked sulphate. The sulphate was bound to the heavy chain
      which existed in several isoelectric variants. All variants were sulphated, the
      more acidic ones being more highly sulphated. Within the heavy chain the sulphate
      was not linked to tyrosine, threonine or serine residues, but appeared to be
      bound to N-linked oligosaccharides located in the Fab-portion. In contrast, the N
      linked oligosaccharides in the Fc-portion were unsulphated. Surprisingly, the
      unglycosylated IgG secreted in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N
      glycosylation, was not unsulphated, but contained four times as much sulphate on
      the heavy chain as control IgG. All isoelectric variants of the non-glycosylated
      heavy chain contained sulphate. This sulphate was localized in the Fc-portion and
      was largely bound to tyrosine residues. These results show that, upon inhibition
      of N-glycosylation, the IgG is not simply secreted in non-glycosylated form, but
      has undergone a different post-translational modification, tyrosine sulphation.
      We discuss the possibility that tyrosine sulphate residues functionally
      compensate for the absence of N-linked (sulphated) oligosaccharides in IgG. One
      common function for these two protein modifications could be to serve as signals
      for the secretion of IgG.

PMID- 6437808
TI  - A 135-kd membrane protein of intercellular adherens junctions.
AB  - We report here on a new 135-kd membrane protein which is specifically associated
      with intercellular adherens-type junctions. This surface component was identified
      by a monoclonal antibody, ID-7.2.3, raised against detergent-extracted components
      of membranes of chicken cardiac muscle rich in intercalated discs. The antibodies
      stain extensively adherens junctions in intact cardiac muscle and in lens, as
      well as in cultured cells derived from these tissues. In living cultured cells
      only very little immunolabelling was obtained with ID-7.2.3 antibodies, probably
      due to the limited accessibility of the antibodies to the intercellular gap.
      However, upon the removal of extracellular Ca2+ ions a dissociation of the
      junction occurred, leading to the rapid exposure of the 135-kd protein.
      Immunoelectron microscopic labelling of EGTA-treated, or detergent-permeabilized
      cells indicated that the antigen is found along the plasma membrane and highly
      enriched in contact areas. Double immunolabelling for both the 135-kd protein and
      vinculin pointed to the close association of the two in intercellular junctions
      and to the apparent absence of the former protein from the vinculin-rich focal
      contacts of cultured cells and from dense plaque of smooth muscle. Immunoblotting
      indicated that the 135-kd protein is present in many tissues but is particularly
      enriched in heart, lens and brain.

PMID- 6437809
TI  - Control of pT181 replication II. Mutational analysis.
AB  - We describe the isolation and analysis of mutations affecting the regulation of
      Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pT181 replication. Previous results suggested that
      regulation is achieved by control of the synthesis of RepC, a plasmid-coded
      replication protein and that the primary negative control element is CopA RNA,
      which consists of two transcripts that are complementary to the 5' region of the
      repC mRNA leader. CopA inhibition probably involves a base pairing interaction
      with the complementary region of the RepC mRNA leader which would facilitate the
      formation of a downstream stem-loop in the leader that occludes the repC ribosome
      binding site. RepC is freely diffusible so that regulation of pT181 replication
      is indirect. Both CopA RNA-sensitive (recessive) and -insensitive (dominant)
      mutants were isolated. The recessives have defects in CopA RNA structure or
      activity, the dominants have defects in the site of action (target) of the
      inhibitor. Some dominants were located within the copA coding sequence. These
      therefore affect the structure of CopA RNA as well as that of its target. Other
      dominant mutations mapped outside of the copA gene and therefore produced wild
      type CopA RNA. In contrast to directly regulated plasmids, pT181 copy mutants
      producing wild-type inhibitor could be co-maintained with the wild-type plasmid
      and mutational changes in inhibitor-target specificity did not change
      incompatibility specificity.

PMID- 6437810
TI  - Magnitude of bacteremia and complement activation during Neisseria meningitidis
      infection: study of two co-primary cases with different clinical presentations.
AB  - Two co-primary cases of schoolchildren with acute meningococcal disease due to
      infection with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B are described. The first
      patient presented with septic shock and purpura fulminans, bacteremia greater
      than 10(5) organisms/ml blood, low C3 and factor B levels and an elevated level
      of C3d. The second patient had meningitis, negative blood cultures, normal levels
      of serum complement components but more than 10(4) organisms/ml in CSF. A
      comparison of the quantitative bacteriology data and complement profiles for
      these patients suggests that the degree of activation of complement during
      meningococcemia is directly related to the number of organisms in the blood. This
      association may determine the different clinical syndromes.

PMID- 6437811
TI  - Chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from
      Pseudomonas fluorescens. Involvement in catalysis and assignment in the sequence.
AB  - The cysteine residues in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens were modified with several cysteine reagents. One of the five
      sulfhydryl groups reacts rapidly and specifically with N-ethylmaleimide without
      inactivation of the enzyme. Cysteine-116 was found to be the reactive cysteine by
      isolation of a labeled tryptic peptide. The enzyme is easily inactivated by
      mercurial compounds. The original activity can be fully restored by treatment of
      the modified enzyme with sulfhydryl-containing compounds. The rate of
      incorporation of mercurial compounds is pH-independent and is pseudo-first-order
      up to 90-95% loss of activity. The reaction shows saturation kinetics. The
      substrate p-hydroxybenzoate protects the enzyme from fast inactivation. The
      mercurial compounds themselves inhibit the inactivation reaction at
      concentrations higher than 80 microM. A spin-labeled derivative of p
      chloromercuribenzoate reacts fairly specifically with only Cys-152 on use of
      enzyme prelabeled with N-ethylmaleimide, in contrast to p-chloromercuribenzoate
      which reacts with additional cysteine residues, i.e. Cys-211 and Cys-158. From
      these results it is concluded that modification of Cys-152 decreases drastically
      the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate. The results strongly indicate that
      the substrate binding site and Cys-152 are interdependent. This observation is
      not obvious when the three-dimensional data only are considered. The modified
      enzyme exhibits a somewhat higher affinity for NADPH than the native enzyme.
      Modification of N-ethylmaleimide-prelabeled enzyme by p-chloromercuribenzoate
      leads to absorbance difference spectra showing maxima at 250 nm, 290 nm and 360
      nm. The intensities of the absorbance difference maxima at 290 nm and 360 nm are
      strongly dependent on the pH value of the solution. The intensities are very low
      at low pH values and increase with increasing pH values, reaching a maximum at
      about pH = 9. The ionizing group shows a pK value of about 7.6. The maximal molar
      difference absorption coefficient at 290 nm is 3200 M-1cm-1 at pH 9, suggesting
      that tyrosine residues ionize under the conditions of modification of the enzyme.
      The results are discussed in the light of the known three-dimensional structure.

PMID- 6437812
TI  - Nature and location of amide-bound (R)-3-acyloxyacyl groups in lipid A of
      lipopolysaccharides from various gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated [Eur. J. Biochem. 124, 191-198 (1982) and
      137, 15-22 (1983)] that the lipid A component of Salmonella and Proteus
      lipopolysaccharides contains amide-linked (R)-3-acyloxyacyl residues. In the
      present study lipid A of other gram-negative bacteria was analysed for the
      presence of amide-bound 3-acyloxyacyl residues. It was found that such residues
      are constituents of all lipid A tested (Agrobacterium tumefaciens,
      Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas sinensis,
      Bacteroides fragilis, Vibrio cholerae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Rhodospirillum
      tenue, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Escherichia coli). Amide-linked (R)-3
      acyloxyacyl groups, therefore, represent common and ubiquitous structural
      elements of bacterial lipid A. The composition of 3-acyloxyacyl groups differed
      considerably among different bacteria. As amide-bound (R)-3-hydroxy fatty acids
      straight chain and isobranched acyl groups with 10-17 carbon atoms were
      identified. The most frequently encountered fatty acids, substituting the 3
      hydroxyl group of 3-hydroxy fatty acids, were nonhydroxylated straight chain and
      isobranched acyl residues with 10-17 carbon atoms as well as (S)-2-hydroxy fatty
      acids with 12 carbon atoms. In some cases, using laser desorption mass
      spectrometry, the distribution of 3-acyloxyacyl residues over the two available
      glucosamine amino groups of the lipid A backbone was investigated.

PMID- 6437813
TI  - Ni-mediated inhibition of human platelet adenylate cyclase by thrombin.
AB  - The influence of the proteolytic enzyme, thrombin, was studied on adenylate
      cyclase activity in human platelet membranes. Thrombin had a biphasic inhibitory
      effect on the enzyme. Up to a concentration of about 1 U/ml, thrombin inhibited
      the enzyme in a strictly GTP-dependent manner by maximal 60-70%, with half
      maximal inhibition occurring at about 0.005 U/ml thrombin. At higher
      concentrations, thrombin-induced inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase was
      independent of GTP. The inhibitory effect of thrombin observed at low
      concentrations was further evaluated. The inhibition was half-maximal and maximal
      at about 0.1 and 3 microM GTP, respectively, occurred without major lag phase and
      was observed with the unstimulated and the forskolin or prostaglandin E1
      stimulated platelet adenylate cyclase. Additionally, thrombin accelerated and
      potentiated the enzyme inhibition caused by the stable GTP analog, guanosine 5'
      (gamma-thio)triphosphate. Furthermore, at identical concentrations causing
      adenylate cyclase inhibition, thrombin effectively stimulated GTP hydrolysis in
      platelet membranes. Finally, the thrombin inhibition of human platelet adenylate
      cyclase was impaired or abolished by Mn2+ and by treatment of the platelet
      membranes with N-ethylmaleimide or pertussis toxin. All of these data indicate
      that thrombin at low concentrations inhibits platelet adenylate cyclase by a
      process involving the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component,
      Ni, in a manner similar to hormonal factors. However, in contrast to typical
      hormonal inhibition, thrombin inhibition of the platelet enzyme was not reversed
      by washing of the platelet membranes or by subsequent addition of the thrombin
      inactivator, hirudin, which prevented the inhibition when added together with
      thrombin. These data suggest that thrombin by its proteolytic capacity causes a
      persistent activation of its receptor site which leads to a persistent activation
      of Ni with subsequent persistent adenylate cyclase inhibition.

PMID- 6437814
TI  - Beneficial effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on haemodynamics and
      enzymatically estimated infarct size.
AB  - The effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (TNG) were evaluated in 39 patients with
      a first acute myocardial infarction, subdivided according to Killip into those
      with left ventricular failure (N = 24) and those without (N = 15). A group of 38
      randomly selected patients treated in a conventional, but unstandardized manner,
      served as a control (C). TNG caused a statistically significant reduction in
      pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, regardless of its initial value, by about
      30%. Neither cardiac index nor total peripheral resistance was significantly
      changed. Infarct size, measured in gEq of isoenzyme MB creatine kinase (CK-MB),
      was smaller by about 40% in both subgroups of patients treated with TNG, when
      compared with the controls. A significant difference was found in peak CK-MB
      blood levels only in the group of patients with left ventricular failure (Killip
      classes II and III) treated with TNG. The best results were obtained when TNG was
      given not later than 4 h after the onset of the symptoms of infarction.

PMID- 6437815
TI  - Exercise capacity with transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with stable angina
      pectoris.
AB  - Transdermally delivered nitroglycerin (TTS-NTG) through a rate-controlling
      membrane yields stable blood levels for 24 h. We studied the effect of TTS-NTG
      (25 mg per 10 cm2) on exercise induced angina in 10 patients with stable angina
      pectoris, all in NYHA class III, who were not under treatment with other cardiac
      drugs. In a pre-study exercise test, all patients had angina pectoris and more
      than one mm ST depression. The study was placebo controlled and double blind with
      a randomized cross-over. Exercise tests were carried out on a treadmill according
      to the Bruce-protocol, 12 to 16 h after administration of TTS-NTG or of an
      identical placebo. After a 48 h wash-out period, the procedure was repeated after
      application of a plaster with the alternative content. A significant improvement
      was seen on TTS nitroglycerin compared with placebo in the total duration of
      exercise (7.2 +/- 3.6 min (mean +/- SD) vs 6.2 +/- 3.8 min; P less than 0.002).
      In 7 patients, the time to onset of angina was extended by TTS nitroglycerin.
      Maximal ST depression (lead V4 and V6) was significantly lower on TTS
      nitroglycerin (1.85 +/- 1 mm) compared with placebo (2.2 +/- 1 mm; P less than
      0.05). It is concluded that 12 to 16 h after administration, transdermally
      delivered nitroglycerin improves exercise capacity and reduces maximal ST
      depression in patients with stable angina.

PMID- 6437816
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the effect of two doses of Nitroderm TTS on exercise
      related parameters in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - The effectiveness of Nitroderm TTS 5 and Nitroderm TTS 10 in stable effort
      induced angina pectoris was assessed by measuring the tolerance of 20 selected in
      patients to cycloergometric symptom-limited tests. During the week preceding the
      trial previous anti-anginal treatment was gradually withdrawn except for short
      acting nitrates. Patients were also familiarized with ergometric laboratory
      environment. The trial started with a 24-h control period when placebo was given
      single-blind to each patient. A double-blind cross-over design was then followed,
      two groups of 10 patients each being subjected successively to two sequences of
      therapy. By means of the double-dummy technique, Nitroderm TTS 5 or Nitroderm TTS
      10 and matching placebos were applied simultaneously once daily for 24 h on two
      different days. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured before
      starting each exercise test, which was performed 3 h after placebo as well as 3
      and 24 h after Nitroderm TTS application. The results of the tests were evaluated
      in terms of maximum workload, duration of exercise and total work performed for
      each of the two doses administered and compared with the corresponding baseline
      values. When compared with placebo both Nitroderm TTS doses produced a
      significant change (P less than 0.01) in the assessment variables. After
      application of the active treatment, duration of exercise, total work performed
      and maximal workload were increased while lying and standing blood pressures were
      decreased. There was no significant difference between the two doses of Nitroderm
      TTS in the assessment variables, except for systolic blood pressure and lying
      heart rate 3 and 24 h, respectively, post-dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6437817
TI  - Long-term ambulatory ECG-monitoring in the prediction of sudden coronary death.

PMID- 6437818
TI  - The clinical pharmacology of lidocaine congeners--review of encainide,
      flecainide, lorcainide and tocainide.
AB  - Among the newer antiarrhythmic drugs currently being evaluated are the four so
      called lidocaine congeners, encainide, flecainide, lorcainide and tocainide. A
      knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of these agents may help to
      distinguish between them and may also be important for rational patient
      prescribing. Encainide and lorcainide both undergo predominantly hepatic
      elimination: both appear to form metabolites which have antiarrhythmic activity
      of their own and which have longer elimination half-lives than the parent
      compounds, resulting in accumulation with chronic administration. Flecainide and
      tocainide are cleared mainly by the kidneys, do not have active metabolites and
      have long elimination half-lives. All of the drugs have significant
      antiarrhythmic activity and this is proportionate to the plasma concentration of
      either the drug alone or combined with the active metabolites. Comparative
      effectiveness between the drugs has not been established. In general, all four
      drugs have only minor adverse effects, principally gastrointestinal or
      neurological, which may disappear with small dose reductions. However, cardiac
      effects can also occur and rarely pro-arrhythmic effects have been described,
      particularly with encainide and flecainide. All four drugs are suitable for long
      term administration on a twice-daily basis.

PMID- 6437819
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of encainide, flecainide, lorcainide and tocainide.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of encainide, flecainide, lorcainide and tocainide in
      man are reviewed. Most of the investigations discussed are acute intervention
      studies after intravenous administration of the drugs. With all four drugs,
      haemodynamic changes, when present, were moderate. In most studies a decrease in
      left ventricular maximal dp/dt is demonstrated, suggesting a negative inotropic
      action. Left ventricular filling pressures are unchanged or slightly increased. A
      small decrease in cardiac performance, as determined by measurements of cardiac
      output and left ventricular ejection fraction, is usually observed, while
      systemic vascular resistance is increased or remains unchanged. Haemodynamic
      deterioration and/or hypotensive reactions after intravenous administration of
      any of the above drugs are uncommon in patients without severe cardiac
      dysfunction. Conclusions relative to drug safety in frank congestive failure are
      not warranted, in view of the small number of patients studied. While comparative
      studies between the drugs discussed have not been performed, the data presented
      here indicate that, on the basis of haemodynamic action, no one drug can be
      preferred above the other.

PMID- 6437820
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiology of four new antiarrhythmic drugs--encainide,
      flecainide, lorcainide and tocainide.

PMID- 6437821
TI  - The use of tocainide, encainide, lorcainide and flecainide for supraventricular
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 6437822
TI  - Comparison of the efficacy of newly developed antiarrhythmic drugs in the
      treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 6437823
TI  - Observations on computerized quantitative bone scintigraphy in renal
      osteodystrophy.
AB  - Skeletal radiotracer (99mTc-HEDP) uptake was quantitated with and without the aid
      of a computer in 30 chronic dialysis patients with histologic evidence of renal
      osteodystrophy. Before scintigraphy, elevated soft-tissue activity due to the
      absence of renal radiotracer excretion was reduced by hemodialysis. The results
      were compared with those of a normal group and with the results of the
      biochemical and the bone morphometric studies of these patients. In all patients
      the radiotracer uptake was elevated, often markedly. In several patients with
      minimal histologic bone disease, however, soft-tissue activity could not be
      normalized by hemodialysis although its influence on the quantitative data could
      be further reduced (but not excluded) by computer evaluation of skeletal
      radiotracer uptake. Since the latter technique clearly distinguished the majority
      of the patients from the normals, it appears that computerized quantitative
      skeletal analysis is a potentially accurate scintigraphic method for detecting
      renal osteodystrophy. The significant relationship between skeletal radiotracer
      uptake, in particular at the bone biopsy site, and only the histologic features
      of increased bone turnover suggest that hyperparathyroidism is the major cause of
      this increased tracer uptake in renal osteodystrophy.

PMID- 6437824
TI  - Dual isotope carotid scintigraphy in patients with amaurosis fugax attacks.
AB  - A new dual isotope scintigraphic (DISC) examination of the carotid arteries
      consisting of simultaneous injections of 111In-labeled platelets and 99mTc
      labeled red cells was performed on eight male patients suffering from amaurosis
      fugax attacks. In concordance with the angiographically proven high percentage of
      significant extracranial carotid disease in patients with amaurosis fugax, six of
      the eight patients examined had an increased platelet accumulation in the carotid
      artery clinically affected. In one patient with normal angiography and one
      amaurosis fugax attack the platelet scintigraphy even revealed a pathological
      platelet accumulation in the ipsilateral carotid artery. These findings confirm
      the hypothesis that most amaurosis fugax attacks are due to arterio-arterial
      emboli originating from atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid bifurcation.

PMID- 6437825
TI  - Sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) and ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6437826
TI  - DNA hypermethylation and changes in gene expression may be related to the
      chemotherapeutic action of cytarabin.

PMID- 6437827
TI  - Brain energy metabolism and function during hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 6437828
TI  - A glucose transfer from membrane glycoconjugates to haemoglobin in isolated young
      red blood cells: another biosynthetic way for glycosylated haemoglobins.
AB  - Human red blood cells (RBC) are separated by centrifugation into young and old
      ones, as demonstrated by lower enzymatic activities and lower potassium content
      of the older ones. The young RBC fraction represents 5% of total RBC. After
      incubation for 24 h in a neutral buffer, the young RBC HbA1c content increases
      significantly from 4.2 to 5.2% of total Hb. No increase is found in the case of
      old RBC. When young RBC have been extracted for 1 h by a neutral buffer prior to
      incubation, there is no more increase of HbA1c. The extract contains a
      glycoconjugate that is both soluble in neutral buffers and in chloroform. A
      glycolipid extractable from the young RBC membrane contributes to HbA1c formation
      but disappears from old RBC, in which glycosylation by free glucose occurs. These
      processes are stereospecific.

PMID- 6437829
TI  - Control of the acute-phase serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein response:
      comparison of total replacement of the hip and knee.
AB  - The acute-phase serum protein response induced by arthroplasty of the knee was
      compared with that induced by arthroplasty of the hip in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). Total replacement of the knee (n = 13) caused a markedly greater
      serum amyloid A protein (SAA) (P less than 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P
      less than 0.001) elevation that did total replacement of the hip (n = 13). This
      effect was not merely due to the use of tourniquet in the knee arthroplasties,
      since synovectomy of the knee, matched for the duration of the use of tourniquet,
      induced an SAA response that was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than
      that caused by replacement of the knee; the SAA response after knee synovectomy
      was similar to that after hip arthroplasty. The kinetics and magnitude of the SAA
      response in patients with reactive amyloidosis were similar to those found in RA
      patients without amyloidosis. The results show that replacement of the knee is a
      stronger stimulator of SAA and CRP elevation than replacement of the hip. Thus,
      total replacement of the knee, possibly due to the performance of the
      arthroplasty under ischaemic conditions, appears to be more traumatic to the
      organism than total replacement of the hip.

PMID- 6437830
TI  - Increased platelet sensitivity and thromboxane B2 formation in type-II
      hyperlipoproteinaemic patients.
AB  - Platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP and epinephrine, was monitored in
      150 type-II patients (115 type IIA and 35 type IIB) and compared with a reference
      group of normolipidaemic controls; in addition, malondialydehyde formation and
      thromboxane B2 were examined in a subsample of the type-IIA patients. Threshold
      aggregatory concentrations were significantly lower in the whole group of type-II
      patients for all three aggregating agents; no difference in terms of aggregatory
      response was detected between platelets from type-IIA and -IIB patients. Only 56%
      of type-II patients, however, exceeded the 95th percentile of the threshold
      aggregatory concentrations in controls. The formation of malondialdehyde in
      platelet-rich plasma stimulated with thrombin and collagen, was significantly
      higher in platelets from type-IIA patients. The production of thromboxane B2 by
      platelets, from endogenous arachidonic acid in type-IIA patients, was
      significantly higher and exceeded the highest level found in controls.

PMID- 6437831
TI  - Effect of sustained portal-systemic shunting on glycolytic and citric-acid cycle
      intermediates in the rat brain.
AB  - The effect of portacaval (PC) shunting on brain glycogen, glucose, glycolytic and
      citric-acid cycle intermediates was analysed in rats shunted for 3, 8 and 16
      weeks. Portal-systemic shunting was accompanied by a progressive fall in brain
      glucose which was reduced to about half of control after 16 weeks of shunting (P
      less than 0.05). Glycogen remained unchanged. Glucose-6-phosphate and fructose
      1,6-diphosphate were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased and decreased,
      respectively, which may indicate some inhibition of phosphofructokinase. These
      changes in brain glucose content and glycolysis may be additive to any further
      metabolic perturbation and provide one tentative mechanism of sensitization of
      the brain in liver failure.

PMID- 6437832
TI  - Platelets during alimentary hyperlipaemia induced by cream and cod liver oil.
AB  - Healthy male subjects were given 100 g lipids as cream or cod liver oil. They
      were examined before and during alimentary hyperlipaemia. Cream increased
      platelet coagulant activity in plasma and reduced it in washed platelets. Both
      meals increased platelet sensitivity to thrombin and collagen. Cod liver oil
      reduced the uptake of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelets. Washed platelets
      prelabelled with [14C]-AA increased radioactivity 10-fold in free fatty acids
      (FFA) by exposure to thrombin [2 U (10(9) platelets)-1] for 20 s. This increase
      was augmented by cod liver oil. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine
      were the most significant donors of AA during thrombin stimulation. By exposure
      of prelabelled washed platelets to thrombin [0.3 U (10(9) platelets)-1] for 4 min
      the percentage distribution of [14C]-AA increased after cod liver oil in FFA plus
      the products of AA metabolism formed by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase
      pathways. This study indicates that intake of a meal rich in lipids induces acute
      disturbances in platelets that may favour thrombosis. These effects were observed
      after intake of both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 6437833
TI  - Acute effect of smoking on fibrinolysis: increase in the activity level of
      circulating extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator.
AB  - The acute effect of cigarette smoking on the fibrinolytic enzyme system in blood
      was studied. It was found imperative to have an initial 30 min rest period, after
      venipuncture, to obtain a stable baseline in the fibrinolytic studies. The
      average heart rate, in inhaling smokers, increased from 64 to a peak of 79 beats
      min-1, 5-10 min after commencement of smoking. A peak in fibrinolytic activity
      was found to occur later, at 22.5 min. Analysis of the increase in fibrinolytic
      activity revealed no demonstrable activation of intrinsic systems via factor XII,
      nor changes in plasminogen, prekallikrein and C1-inactivator. No plasmin-alpha 2
      antiplasmin complexes were detectable. The increase (P less than 0.01) was found
      to be due to extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator, revealed as C1
      inactivator-resistant plasminogen activator activity, and further identified by
      quenching with anti-tissue plasminogen activator IgG. Thus, smoking appears to
      elicit a significant increase in the level of activity of circulating extrinsic
      plasminogen activator.

PMID- 6437834
TI  - Whole-body elemental composition in patients with renal failure and after
      transplantation studied using total-body neutron-activation analysis.
AB  - Whole body elemental composition in seventy-five patients with either renal
      failure or a kidney transplant was measured by neutron-activation analysis and
      whole-body counting. Comparison was made with expected normal values and with a
      control group; between undialysed, dialysed and transplanted patients; and
      between those receiving dialysis treatment for various periods. A frequent
      finding was low body calcium, reflecting the prevalence of renal osteodystrophy.
      Sodium and chlorine were increased in undialysed patients, a consequence of their
      renal disease. Patients with transplanted kidneys had reduced amounts of most
      elements, indicating decreased lean body mass, but increased body weight,
      probably due to excess fat.

PMID- 6437835
TI  - Experimental skeletal muscle damage: the nature of the calcium-activated
      degenerative processes.
AB  - The role of calcium-activated degenerative processes in the efflux of enzyme from
      experimentally damaged mouse muscle has been studied using an isolated mouse
      soleus muscle preparation. Inhibition of mitochondrial activity with
      dinitrophenol or sodium cyanide was found to cause a large efflux of enzyme. This
      was largely prevented by withdrawal of the extracellular calcium suggesting that
      mitochondrial calcium overload does not play a major role in the damage leading
      to enzyme efflux. Treatment of the muscles with a variety of protease inhibitors
      had no effect on the enzyme efflux from muscles following exhaustive contractile
      activity indicating that activation of protease activity is not a major factor in
      the damaging process. Certain inhibitors of phospholipase-A activity (i.e.
      dibucaine, chlorpromazine and mepacrine) have been found to significantly reduce
      the enzyme efflux following treatment of the muscles with dinitrophenol, although
      other phospholipase inhibitors were without effect. It is suggested that the
      changes in muscle membrane permeability leading to enzyme efflux following
      experimental muscle damage are probably the result of calcium-mediated activation
      of phospholipase A leading to changes in membrane phospholipid metabolism.

PMID- 6437836
TI  - Enhanced fibrinolytic activity during cardiopulmonary bypass in open-heart
      surgery in man is caused by extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator.
AB  - The nature of the enhanced blood fibrinolytic activity which is known to occur
      during cardiopulmonary bypass is not understood. We show here that the cause is
      an increase in extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator. In six patients,
      the nature of the enhanced blood fibrinolytic activity that evolved during
      cardiopulmonary bypass was characterized by differential inhibition using the
      fibrin plate method and was shown to be C1-inactivator-resistant (extrinsic
      activator activity). The C1-inactivator-resistant-activator activity was
      completely quenched by an antibody against extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen
      activator but not by antiurokinase, proving that the activity was due to the
      presence of extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator. The concentration of
      extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator increased during cardiopulmonary
      bypass and disappeared rapidly thereafter. Fibrinogen, plasminogen and alpha 2
      antiplasmin were not consumed during cardiopulmonary bypass, while no increase or
      occasionally a moderate one in fibrinogen degradation products occurred. This is
      in accord with the property of extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator
      which activates plasminogen predominantly at sites where fibrin is present and
      not in the free circulation.

PMID- 6437837
TI  - Influence of fasting on lipolytic response to adrenergic agonists and on
      adrenergic receptors in subcutaneous adipocytes.
AB  - The influence of 1 week's total fasting on the lipolytic effect of adrenergic
      agonists and on the binding of adrenergic antagonists was examined in isolated
      adipocytes of subcutaneous specimens removed from the hypogastric and the femoral
      sites in seventeen obese women. In the femoral adipocytes the lipolytic
      sensitivity to isopropyl noradrenaline decreased 30-fold (P less than 0.01)
      during fasting. The specific binding of the radioligands (-)-[3H]
      dihydroalprenolol and (-)-[125I]-cyanopindolol decreased significantly during
      fasting, essentially owing to a reduction in the receptor density. In adipocytes
      from the hypogastric region no such changes were found. For both tissue regions
      fasting induced a right-ward shift in the dose-response curve for the inhibitory
      effect of the alpha 2 agonist, clonidine, on theophylline-induced lipolysis,
      corresponding to a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity. There was also a significant
      decrease of about 20% in the alpha 2-adrenoceptor density, as estimated with the
      radioligand [3H]-yohimbine. The results suggest that the regulation of the lipid
      mobilization in man by the sympathetic nervous system during fasting occurs not
      only through an increase in the level of circulating noradrenaline but also
      through changes in the adrenergic receptor density of the adipocytes.

PMID- 6437838
TI  - Exogenous factors influencing the human erythrocyte sodium-lithium
      countertransport system.
AB  - It has recently been found that the Na+-Li+ countertransport across the human
      erythrocyte membrane is increased in patients with essential hypertension. We
      investigated the influence of hypokalaemia, oral contraceptives, diabetes
      mellitus and essential hypertension on the activity of this transport system.
      Normal values for the maximal Na+-Li+ transport rate were 0.25 +/- 0.08 mmol l-1
      h-1 (males, n = 18) and 0.23 +/- 0.06 (females, n = 14). We found elevated values
      in women taking oral contraceptives (0.34 +/- 0.07, n = 10, P less than 0.001),
      in patients with chronic hypokalaemia due to diuretic or laxative abuse (0.41 +/-
      0.16, n = 13, P less than 0.005) and in those with essential hypertension (0.32
      +/- 0.08, n = 24, P less than 0.001) (all data mean +/- SD). Thus our results
      with hypertensive patients support the findings of other investigators. However,
      oral contraceptives and drug-induced hypokalaemia greatly modify this system,
      indicating a regulation of the Na+-Li+ countertransport by hormones. Thus the
      transport rate does not seem to be an appropriate test for the diagnosis of
      essential hypertension.

PMID- 6437839
TI  - Degradation of amyloid A and serum amyloid A by red blood cell haemolysate in
      patients with familial mediterranean fever.
AB  - Enzymatic activity for the degradation of serum amyloid A (SAA) and amyloid A
      (AA) was detected in erythrolysates of normal subjects and patients with familial
      mediterranean fever. A significant difference between the activity of normal
      subjects and patients was not found. Serum inhibited the SAA (but not the AA)
      haemolysate proteolytic activity. Interindividual variation in the susceptibility
      of SAA to degradation by RBC haemolysates was shown. The original digestible
      fraction of SAA became gradually resistant to proteolytic cleavage over a 9 month
      period while the susceptibility of AA to degradation remained unchanged in this
      time period. These findings suggest that enzymatic degradation of SAA depends on
      the source of SAA, as well as inhibitory activity in serum.

PMID- 6437840
TI  - DHM 32-550 in patients with angina and normal coronary arteries: dose/response
      relationship.
AB  - This is the first report of the use of DHM 32-550 a dehydrogenated peptide ergot
      alkaloid with both alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking activity, in patients
      with angina-like chest pain. Five patients were studied to assess a dose/response
      relationship. No deleterious effects on blood pressure occurred at either rest or
      on effort. The frequency of angina attacks and the number of glyceryl trinitrate
      tablets needed per week was appreciably reduced during treatment with both 'high'
      and 'low' dosages of the agent compared with placebo. The duration of treadmill
      exercise was appreciably prolonged. Within the limitations of this small, open
      pilot study, it appears that oral DHM 32-550 could be used safely in patients
      with chest pain due to cardiomyopathy or to coronary spasm.

PMID- 6437841
TI  - Influence of fenflumizole on platelet aggregation in man.
AB  - The anti-aggregatory effect of fenflumizole, a new non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory imidazole derivative is described in a study in 6 healthy male
      volunteers, mean age 33 years. Arachidonic acid (AA), ADP, collagen aggregation,
      coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were examined before, during and after
      treatment with oral fenflumizole first 50 mg b.i.d. for 4.5 d and then 200 mg/d
      for 5 days. During treatment the threshold concentration for collagen aggregation
      demonstrated hypo-aggregability in all subjects. No significant change was noted
      in ADP aggregation. AA-induced aggregation showed an increased threshold
      concentration during and for 7 days after fenflumizole administration. No
      significant change was seen in bleeding time, fibrinolysis or coagulation
      parameters. No side effects were observed during or after treatment. It is
      concluded that fenflumizole is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation ex
      vivo.

PMID- 6437842
TI  - Glibenclamide pharmacokinetics in acarbose-treated type 2 diabetics.
AB  - A single dose of glibenclamide 5 mg was administered to six Type 2 diabetics,
      randomly treated for 7 days either with acarbose (3 X 100 mg daily) or with
      placebo. The serum concentration of the drug was measured for 10 h. Peak
      concentrations, times-to-peak concentration, elimination half-lives and the
      extent of bioavailability of the drug were not significantly modified by
      acarbose. The combined administration of glibenclamide and acarbose resulted in a
      modest improvement in the blood glucose profile after breakfast and lunch,
      together with a significant diminution in plasma insulin. Thus, acarbose appears
      a useful additional treatment for Type 2 diabetics already receiving
      sulphonylurea derivatives.

PMID- 6437843
TI  - Effects of mu-specific antibodies on B cell growth and maturation.
AB  - Over a wide range of concentrations affinity-purified rabbit anti-mouse mu chain
      antibodies, or their F(ab')2 fragments, inhibit the appearance of immunoglobulin
      secreting cells (plaque-forming cells; PFC) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated
      murine spleen cell cultures without affecting proliferation. Both IgM and IgG PFC
      are inhibited although the number of blasts bearing surface IgG remains
      unaltered. The IgM and IgG PFC response could be reconstituted to normal levels
      in cell cultures suppressed by mu-specific antibodies by the addition of
      supernatants from in vitro propagated helper T cell clones, or from EL4 lymphoma
      cells induced with phorbol ester. Interleukin 1-containing P388 supernatant, or
      recombinant DNA-derived murine interferon-gamma, did not reconstitute the PFC
      response in cell cultures suppressed by mu-specific antibodies, indicating that
      other factors are responsible for these effects. When spleen cell cultures, pre
      activated with either lipopolysaccharide or monoclonal mouse mu-specific
      antibodies coupled to Sepharose, were exposed to EL4 supernatants in the presence
      of soluble mu-specific antibodies, maturation to secretion was inhibited while
      proliferation was not. The implications of these findings on assay systems for B
      cell growth and maturation factors are discussed.

PMID- 6437844
TI  - The role of B cell differentiation factors and specific T cell help in the
      pathogenesis of primary hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - We have examined the function of T and B cells from patients with late onset
      primary acquired hypogammaglobulinemia (PHG). T cells from these patients give
      effective help to normal B cells for antigen-dependent antibody synthesis. PHG
      mononuclear cells also synthesize normal quantities of B cell differentiation
      factors, which enhance IgG, IgM and antigen-dependent antibody synthesis by
      normal lymphocytes. While patient T cells appear to behave appropriately, the
      responsiveness of patient B cells is abnormal. Although they respond to
      differentiation factors with increased synthesis of IgM, overall levels are 10-50
      fold lower than normal B cells, and they produce little or no IgG. This pattern
      of response is not altered if normal T cells are the source of help. The poor
      response of the B cell appears to represent immaturity rather than an inherent
      defect, as IgG-secreting clones can be obtained after Epstein-Barr virus
      transformation of lymphocytes from certain patients, and some of these clones
      respond to differentiation factors with increased IgG production. The lack of any
      functional defect in the T population, and the apparent immaturity rather than
      abnormality of the B cells, may implicate accessory cells in the pathogenesis of
      the disease.

PMID- 6437845
TI  - Induction of cytolytic cells by pure recombinant human interleukin 2.
AB  - Purified recombinant human interleukin 2, produced in Escherichia coli, was
      sufficient to generate cytolytic cells in concanavalin A-stimulated, T helper
      cell-depleted (Lyt-1.1-) or accessory cell-depleted (Ia-) murine spleen cell
      cultures. Moreover, recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) was able (even at 0.5 ng/ml)
      to induce cytolytic cells in undepleted murine spleen cell cultures and
      undepleted human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures in the absence of a
      mitogen. Purified recombinant human interferon-gamma, produced in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells, did not induce either cytolytic activity or IL2 responsiveness in
      human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Possibly, the rIL2-induced cytolytic
      cells are formed as a result of nonspecific secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte
      activation.

PMID- 6437846
TI  - Macrophage antitumor activity: impaired responsiveness to interferon-gamma of
      macrophages from genetically defective mice.
AB  - Macrophages (M phi) from the genetically defective mouse strains C3H/HeJ, A/J and
      P/J were unable to develop high levels of antitumor activities when stimulated
      either with immune recombinant interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or with nonimmune IFN
      alpha and IFN-beta, as compared to M phi or normal C3H/HeN mice. IFN-gamma
      appeared to be an exceptionally good activator of C3H/HeN M phi, as it could
      induce tumoricidal capacities 3000 times more efficiently than nonimmune IFN. The
      high efficiency of IFN-gamma as M phi activator was indeed confirmed on defective
      M phi. In fact, at high doses IFN-gamma could also induce significant levels of
      both cytolytic and cytostatic activity in M phi of A/J and P/J mice, although it
      could not increase cytotoxic activities of C3H/HeJ M phi.

PMID- 6437847
TI  - Affinity changes of rat striatal dopamine receptors in vivo after acute bupropion
      treatment.
AB  - The effect of bupropion (Wellbutrin) was studied on in vivo [3H]spiperone binding
      in rat striatum and cerebellum. The compound increased binding dose dependently
      in striatum whereas no effect was observed in cerebellum. Saturation analyses of
      in vivo binding in the striatum revealed an increased affinity of the receptors
      rather than changes in the number of binding sites. These results are the first
      demonstration of an increased sensitivity of central dopamine receptors after
      acute bupropion treatment.

PMID- 6437848
TI  - Development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam in dogs.
AB  - In dogs the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam was
      followed by weekly determinations of the convulsive threshold for pentetrazole,
      10-15 min after intravenous (i.v.) injection of 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg diazepam. As
      soon as after 1 week of oral treatment with diazepam, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg three
      times daily (t.i.d.), the pentetrazole threshold showed a decline or even a fall
      to the control level in spite of unaltered or rising concentrations of diazepam
      and its active metabolites. Tolerance also developed when the dogs were treated
      with chlorazepate, 2 mg/kg t.i.d., between the weekly diazepam injections for
      threshold determination. The results favor a functional type of tolerance since
      there was no indication of a more rapid inactivation of diazepam. Treatment with
      desmethyldiazepam (2 mg/kg i.v. for threshold determination and oral treatment
      with the desmethyldiazepam precursor chlorazepate, 2 mg/kg t.i.d.) did not
      produce tolerance. In further experiments in dogs anesthetized, relaxed with
      suxamethonium and ventilated, a spike-wave activity in the EEG was induced and
      maintained by an injection and subsequent infusion of pentetrazole. Out of 6
      dogs, receiving 4-5 i.v. injections of 0.25-0.5 mg/kg diazepam, 2 showed the
      phenomenon of acute tolerance, i.e. the effect of the drug on the spiking
      activity in the EEG became less from one injection to the next, and thus
      paralleled a situation which may be observed during treatment of clinical status
      epilepticus. No acute tolerance was observed in corresponding experiments with
      desmethyldiazepam.

PMID- 6437849
TI  - [3H]nitrendipine binding in the guinea pig left ventricle: effects of calcium and
      lanthanum.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Ca2+ and La3+ on
      [3H]nitrendipine binding in the heart. [3H]Nitrendipine binding in EDTA washed
      (10 mM) membrane preparations of the guinea pig left ventricle showed a single
      class of specific high affinity binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd)
      of 90 +/- 3.4 pM (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 5) and a maximal number of binding sites
      (Bmax) of 70.5 +/- 6.3 fmol/mg protein. Ca2+ (2 mM) increased the Bmax to about
      154% of control. EDTA and La3+ both reduced the number of binding sites, and
      their effects were antagonized by Ca2+. Ca2+ (10 mM) also shifted the La3+
      concentration-dependent inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding to the right (IC50
      = 10.4 and 22.8 microM respectively). These results suggest that Ca2+ is required
      for [3H]nitrendipine binding in the guinea pig heart and that La3+ antagonizes
      the effect of Ca2+.

PMID- 6437850
TI  - Drug resistance in Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium and
      Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from laboratory animals.
AB  - A total of 1,278 strains of Streptococcus faecalis, 688 of Str. faecium and 796
      of Staphylococcus epidermidis were collected from laboratory animals of 20
      colonies in 1980, and tested for their resistance to 20 drugs. Thirteen percent
      of Str. faecalis, 12% of Str. faecium and 25% of Staph. epidermidis were drug
      resistant. Multiple drug resistant organisms were frequently detected in
      laboratory animal colonies where antibiotic treatment had been undertaken. TC
      resistant streptococci and EM-resistant Staph. epidermidis were distributed in
      about half of the colonies regardless of the history of antibiotic usage.

PMID- 6437851
TI  - Glycosphingolipids in detergent-insoluble substrate attachment matrix (DISAM)
      prepared from substrate attachment material (SAM). Their possible role in
      regulating cell adhesion.
AB  - The glycosphingolipids isolated from the detergent-insoluble material (DIM) of
      whole cells as well as from a similar detergent-insoluble substrate attachment
      matrix (DISAM) have been investigated in comparison with the glycosphingolipids
      of whole cells. The proportion of glycolipids in the total lipid extract was
      enriched in the DISAM as well as DIM fractions as compared to whole cells. The
      ratio of ganglioside (GM3) to neutral glycolipids was also higher in the DISAM
      fractions than in whole cells. The radioactivity incorporated into DISAM
      glycolipids of BHK cells, metabolically labeled with radioactive glucosamine, was
      greater in confluent cells than in sparsely growing cells; however, label
      incorporation into glycolipids of the DISAM fraction of BHKpy cells was 2-3-fold
      higher than that of confluent BHK cells, although the chemical quantity of GM3 in
      whole cells was much lower in BHKpy cells than in BHK cells. In order to confirm
      the enhanced label in DISAM glycolipids of BHKpy cells by other procedures, the
      labeled cells were detached by EGTA, washed, and reattached on plates. The amount
      of label in DISAM glycolipids of the reattached matrix of BHKpy cells was much
      higher than that of BHK cells. Cell spreading and cell attachment on plastic
      plate were inhibited by inclusion of GM3 in the medium. These data suggest that:
      (i) glycolipids, particularly GM3, at the cell attachment site have different
      metabolic activity from those of whole cells; the label in glycolipids goes
      preferentially into cell attachment sites, and may have some functional role in
      regulating cell attachment of BHK cells; (ii) metabolic activity and turnover of
      GM3 in cell attachment sites of confluent cells are higher than actively growing
      cells, yet those of transformed cells are much higher than any state of non
      transformed cells.

PMID- 6437852
TI  - Pattern of collagen synthesis and chemotactic response of fibroblasts derived
      from mucopolysaccharidosis patients.
AB  - For comparative studies on the migratory potential we screened fibroblast strains
      derived from mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) patients regarding their differential
      response to chemotactic stimuli and analysed their production of extracellular
      matrix components. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of MPS-fibroblasts showed
      the same distribution of type I and type III collagen and of fibronectin as in
      controls. Biochemical quantification of type I and type III collagen demonstrated
      an unaltered ratio of these collagen types, although the total amount of newly
      synthesized collagens was slightly reduced in fibroblasts from MPS patients.
      Whereas the synthesis of major extracellular matrix components was close to
      normal, the response of the MPS cells to chemotactic stimuli was greatly
      affected. Chemotactic migration was improved when fibroblasts were pretreated
      with medium conditioned by normal fibroblasts, although they never reached normal
      levels.

PMID- 6437853
TI  - Inhibition of sea urchin sperm acrosome reaction by antibodies directed against
      two sperm membrane proteins. Characterization and mechanism of action.
AB  - The egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction is inhibited by polyclonal antibodies
      raised against either of two S. purpuratus sperm-membrane proteins, of Mr 80 and
      210 kD. Although the two antigens used have dissimilar CNBr peptide maps,
      antisera produced against each of them cross-react with both proteins. Inhibition
      of the egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction by the antisera is bypassed by a
      combination of the ionophores monensin and A23187. This result, along with data
      showing that the antisera inhibit egg jelly-induced uptake of 45Ca2+, suggests
      that the antisera may block both Ca2+ uptake and Na+/H+ exchange in the sperm.
      The acrosome reaction blockage appears to be caused by the same component of the
      polyclonal sera responsible for cross-reaction; consequently, these antisera
      cannot be used to determine whether one or both of the cross-reacting proteins
      modulate a critical step in the acrosome reaction.

PMID- 6437854
TI  - Separation of rat testis cells by a manually operated countercurrent distribution
      apparatus. I. Partition behaviour of cells in aqueous two-phase system.
AB  - The partition behaviour of rat testis cells in an aqueous two-phase polymer
      system has been studied using a simplified version of the countercurrent
      distribution apparatus. The influence of the phase system on testis cells has
      been presented. The manually operated apparatus designed has shown a fair
      enrichment of cell types, depending on their surface properties. In respect to
      their developmental stages, different cell types have shown their specific rate
      of migration through the CCD tubes. Non-germinal cells, mainly the Sertoli cells,
      have been seen to have a higher migration rate than the spermatids and
      spermatocytes. The pachytene spermatocytes have the lowest migration rate.

PMID- 6437855
TI  - Cytochemical interaction of nucleolus and cytoplasm in the Purkinje cells of
      senile white rats under the influence of centrophenoxine.
AB  - Senile white rats were treated with centrophenoxine at a dosage of 100 mg/Kg body
      weight/day for 60 days intraperitoneally. Sections of variously fixed and
      embedded cerebella were studied cytochemically to note the effect of the drug on
      the senile Purkinje neurons. The nucleolus was found to be hyper-active, as
      evidenced by the processes of budding and extrusion. A frank regeneration of the
      Nissl patches along with an increase in alpha-esterase and decrease in the
      activity of acid phosphatase and simple esterase was noted in the Purkinje cells
      after 60 days' treatment. It is suggested that the drug exerts its positive
      effects by regenerating the general cytoplasm and by revitalizing the
      nucleocytoplasmic interactions in the senile Purkinje cells.

PMID- 6437856
TI  - Electrically elicited seizures from the inferior colliculus: a potential site for
      the genesis of epilepsy?
AB  - Most electrically induced seizures involve forebrain structures, such as the
      amygdala or frontal cortex, but the following studies characterized a specific
      anatomic site in the inferior colliculus which generated seizure-like behavior
      after a single, low current electrical stimulation. When a bipolar electrode was
      implanted into the dorsomedial aspect of the inferior colliculus, low stimulation
      currents (120 to 200 microA, 30 Hz) produced wild running behavior which
      outlasted the stimulation by 4 to 10 s. This wild running behavior was directly
      correlated with local afterdischarge in the inferior colliculus, while no changes
      were found in the EEG activity in the cortex or hippocampus. Though the threshold
      current necessary to invoke the wild running seizures remained stable for long
      periods of time, the presentation of two stimulations a day for 2 weeks caused a
      progressive increase in the duration of poststimulus wild running. In the last
      days of the chronic stimulations, some forelimb tonus or myoclonic jerks followed
      the wild running seizures. These latter behaviors were correlated with local
      afterdischarges at the electrode tips in the inferior colliculus and spiking EEG
      activity in the frontal cortex. Pharmacologically, haloperidol, phenobarbital,
      carbamazepine, and ethosuximide proved ineffective in attenuating the seizures,
      whereas phenytoin, sodium valproate, and chlordiazepoxide attenuated the
      seizures. These findings are discussed in relation to the genesis of epilepsy in
      humans.

PMID- 6437858
TI  - Molecular mechanism for the production of multiple forms of MM creatine kinase.
AB  - Incubation of human, canine or rabbit MM creatine kinase with carboxypeptidase-N
      or B resulted in the production of 2 additional enzyme forms with increased
      anodal migration on polyacrylamide gels. The C-terminal amino acid of tissue MM
      creatine kinase from all 3 species was shown to be lysine, a specific substrate
      for carboxypeptidase-N and B.

PMID- 6437857
TI  - The pharmacology of Parkinson's disease: basic aspects and recent advances.
AB  - Basic aspects and recent advances in the understanding of the pharmacological
      mechanism of action of the clinically most used antiparkinson drugs are reviewed.
      Recent human and animal biochemical investigations clearly confirm and extend
      previous findings indicating that benserazide is much more potent than carbidopa
      as peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. L-DOPA in combination with benserazide or
      carbidopa constitutes the best available therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). To
      reduce peaks and rapid fluctuations of L-DOPA plasma levels (possibly responsible
      for peak-dose dyskinesias and end-of-dose deterioration) a slow-release
      formulation of L-DOPA in combination with benserazide or with benserazide plus
      catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors should be developed. In parkinsonian
      patients under long-term L-DOPA therapy monoamine oxidase inhibitors type B (MAO
      B) e.g. (-)deprenyl and direct dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine,
      lisuride, pergolide etc.), due to their L-DOPA-sparing effects, alleviate in some
      cases L-DOPA-induced side-effects e.g. dyskinesias and on-off phenomena. However,
      since (-)deprenyl, due to its metabolism to (-)methamphetamine and (
      )amphetamine, seem to have indirect sympathomimetic activity, new selective MAO-B
      inhibitors devoid of indirect sympathomimetic effects should be tested clinically
      to assess the functional role of pure MAO-B inhibition in the therapy of PD. The
      auxiliary therapy with direct dopamine receptor agonists of the D-2 subtype
      represents another valid approach which should be further investigated in order
      to find novel dopamine agonists, less expensive than bromocriptine, and strictly
      selective for D-2 receptor sites.

PMID- 6437859
TI  - Dietary induced increase of lactase activity in adult rats is independent of
      adrenals.
AB  - Adult rats fed 10 days a low starch-high fat diet were either adrenalectomized or
      sham-operated and force-fed the same diet another 5 days; 14 h before sacrifice,
      some animals were force-fed a sucrose diet. Activity of lactase, sucrase and
      maltase was increased in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats.

PMID- 6437860
TI  - Bacterial growth in artificial capillary spaces.
AB  - In experiments on the influence of microscopic capillaries on the growth of
      Escherichia coli, Brevibacterium linens, Micrococcus flavus and Bacillus cereus,
      a distinct delay in growth was observed. The difference in counts was greatest
      after 8 h. Later a slight equilibration of counts was noted. With B. cereus, only
      slight or no spore formation was observed under microcapillary conditions.

PMID- 6437861
TI  - [Influence of lithium carbonate on the effects of the natriuretic factor].
AB  - It has been shown in rat experiments that administration of lithium carbonate for
      3 days (100 mg/kg) enhances renal excretion of water and electrolytes following
      an increase in the volume of extracellular fluid. In this case renal excretion of
      natriuretic factor rises, whereas its concentration in blood plasma does not
      ascend. Lithium carbonate raises the sensitivity of the kidneys to natriuretic
      factor and reduces its effect on transport activity in the small intestine.

PMID- 6437862
TI  - [Nature of the interaction of voltaren and other pyrazolone and aniline
      derivatives with prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase].
AB  - A study was made of the nature and mechanism of interaction of voltaren,
      butadion, analgin, phenacetin and paracetamol with endoperoxide prostaglandin
      synthetase (PGH-synthetase) of sheep vesicular glands. Activity of the enzyme was
      measured by polarography with the aid of a Clark's electrode. Butadion and
      analgin reversibly inhibited PGH-synthetase at concentrations of the order of 10(
      4) M, whereas voltaren at those of the order of 10(-6) M. As regards the
      mechanism of action, butadion and analgin are competitive inhibitors of PGH
      synthetase in respect to arachidonic acid and uncompetitive inhibitors in respect
      to the electron donor adrenaline. Phenacetin administered at concentrations up to
      4 X 10(-2) M did not inhibit PGH-synthetase, whereas paracetamol (10(-3)-10(-2)
      M) increased its catalytic activity, apparently due to the electron donor
      properties.

PMID- 6437863
TI  - [Cytotoxic action of thiophosphamide on human tumor cells].
AB  - The cytotoxic action of thiophosphamide on the cells of 16 human tumor xenografts
      (lung, breast, colon and stomach carcinomas) was studied. The tumor xenografts
      placed into diffusion chambers were implanted into intact mice. It was
      demonstrated that thiophosphamide inhibits the progress of cancer cells to
      mitosis, reduces the rate of DNA synthesis and accumulation of the cells in
      mitosis and S-phase. The most pronounced and lasting alterations in cell
      proliferation were recorded in breast cancer, less significant in carcinoma of
      the stomach. These findings correlate with the data on the clinical efficacy of
      thiophosphamide applied to the treatment of these tumors.

PMID- 6437864
TI  - Modulation of rat pancreatic islet cell replication and insulin release by
      glibenclamide.
AB  - Glibenclamide significantly stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into
      DNA of fetal rat pancreatic islets at a physiological (5.5 mM) but not at a high
      (22 mM) glucose concentration. There was no significant stimulation of insulin
      release under these conditions. In contrast, the drug-stimulated insulin release
      from adult islets cultured at 5.5 mM glucose but had no effect on their DNA
      synthesis. The observations suggest that insulin secretion and DNA synthesis may
      be dissociated in rat pancreatic islets.

PMID- 6437865
TI  - pp60c-src is a substrate for phosphorylation when cells are stimulated to enter
      cycle.
AB  - The endogenous cellular oncogene products, pp60c-src, exhibits a protein kinase
      activity, but is itself a phosphoprotein. Based on the assumption that pp60c-src
      might play a role in the control of cell proliferation, we have studied its
      behaviour as a substrate for phosphorylation known to occur when quiescent, serum
      deprived cells are stimulated to enter cell cycle following addition of either
      serum, platelet-derived growth factor or the phorbol ester derivative, 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. For this purpose a partial purification of
      pp60c-src on DEAE ion-exchange chromatography was combined with immune
      precipitation. A 2-4-fold increase in serine phosphorylation of pp60c-src was
      consistently observed after stimulation of quiescent cells to growth.

PMID- 6437866
TI  - VIP enhances TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion of pituitary tumours. Studies
      with 31P NMR.
AB  - Intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) caused a 6.5-fold increase in
      plasma prolactin (PRL) in rats carrying implanted pituitary tumours. Vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (VIP) had no effect, but TRH given after VIP raised TRH
      stimulated secretion 13-fold above basal. 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that VIP
      caused a decrease in high energy metabolites (depleted phosphocreatine, elevated
      inorganic phosphate and lowered intracellular pH). TRH alone caused a similar but
      smaller effect; given after VIP, it caused no detectable depletion. We suggest
      that the changes in high energy metabolite concentrations reflect increased
      cellular energy consumption consistent with a priming process (stage 1) in PRL
      secretion, followed by hormone release (stage 2). VIP induces stage 1 whereas RTH
      induced both stages.

PMID- 6437867
TI  - Effects of the calcium ionophore A 23187 on low-density lipoprotein processing
      and lipid metabolism in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - Pretreatment of cultured human fibroblasts with the calcium ionophore A 23187
      resulted in a decrease in low-density lipoprotein internalization. This effect
      was dose-dependent and did not occur in a medium devoid of calcium. About 2-fold
      reduction was observed with 10(-5)M A 23187. In contrast, the low-density
      lipoprotein binding was only slightly affected. The incorporation of [14C]acetate
      and [14C]oleate into all classes of lipids (sterol, triacylglycerols and
      phospholipids) was strikingly reduced by ionophore pretreatment.

PMID- 6437868
TI  - Affinity chromatographic studies on antigen-antibody dissociation.
AB  - An analytical affinity chromatography assay has been developed for the
      investigation of the dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes. Albumin-coupled
      Sepharose 4B and anti-albumin has been used as a model system. At extremely low
      or high pH, in the presence of highly concentrated chaotropic ions at pH 7 or by
      elution with 100% ethylene glycol after pretreating with high pH buffer, most of
      the bondings could be ruptured. The latter two-step desorption procedure provides
      recovery of intact antibody with high yield. The technique was also utilized for
      the preparation of antibody against human growth hormone.

PMID- 6437869
TI  - Amino acid sequence and S-S bonds of Penicillium brevicompactum guanyl-specific
      ribonuclease.
AB  - The primary structure of Penicillium brevicompactum guanyl-specific RNase was
      determined. The enzyme consists of 102 amino acid residues, Mr 10801. The 4
      cysteine residues of the RNase are linked in pairs by disulfide bonds: Cys2
      Cys10, Cys6-Cys101. P. brevicompactum RNase structure is similar to RNase T1; the
      degree of homology is 66%.

PMID- 6437870
TI  - The formation of products containing a conjugated tetraenoic system by pure
      reticulocyte lipoxygenase.
AB  - The pure lipoxygenase from reticulocytes converts 5,15-di-HETE at 2 degrees C to
      product(s) showing a characteristic UV spectrum with maxima of strong absorbance
      at 300 and 316 nm and shoulders at 285 and 350 nm. Their formation was completely
      prevented by the lipoxygenase inhibitors, ETYA and NDGA, by heating of the enzyme
      and by anaerobiosis. At 35 degrees C the products were formed only initially and
      in small amounts. The reaction products were purified by SP-HPLC and shown to
      migrate in the region of tri-HETEs in thin-layer chromatograms. The lipoxygenase
      from soybeans also converts 5,15-di-HETE to these product(s) with a comparable
      initial rate but different kinetics. These data suggest that 5,15-di-HETE is
      converted via a lipoxygenase reaction to 5,6,15-trihydroxy-7,9,11,13-(e,e,c,e)-
      and/or 5,14,15-trihydroxy-6,8,10,12-(e,c,e,e)-eicosatetraenoic acid, both of
      which contain a conjugated tetraene system.

PMID- 6437871
TI  - Involvement of protein HMG1 in DNA replication.
AB  - Antibodies against HMG1 inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in Ehrlich
      ascites cell nuclei. By the use of specific inhibitors it is shown that HMG1 is
      needed for the action of the replicative DNA polymerase and not for the
      reparative one. This is supported by the fact that the addition of exogenous HMG1
      to the nuclei enhances the replication process.

PMID- 6437872
TI  - Isolation and structure of the bacterial sex pheromone, cAD1, that induces
      plasmid transfer in Streptococcus faecalis.
AB  - The Streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone cAD1, which is involved in the
      conjugative transfer of the hemolysin plasmid pAD1, has been isolated and its
      structure determined. Its Mr is 818 and its amino acid sequence is H-Leu-Phe-Ser
      Leu-Val-Leu-Ala-Gly-OH. A replicate of the pheromone synthesized by the liquid
      phase method showed the same biological activity and chromatographic behavior as
      the isolated cAD1. Pheromone activity was detectable at a concentration of
      approximately 5 X 10(-11) M.

PMID- 6437873
TI  - Structure, regulatory polymorphisms, and allelic hypervariability regions in
      murine I-A alpha.
AB  - Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, the Ia antigens, are
      intimately involved in regulating the intensity and specificity of the cellular
      and humoral responses to T cell-dependent antigens. One approach to understanding
      the mechanism of this regulation is to analyze the structure and allelic
      polymorphism of Ia molecules. In addition there are regulatory polymorphisms in
      the expression of the I-E alpha and I-E beta class II MHC polypeptide chains.
      Analysis of the cDNA sequence indicates that I-A and I-E alpha chains are similar
      with short stretches of homology and other regions of nonhomology. Analysis of
      Northern blots of mRNA indicates that at least three separate types of regulatory
      polymorphisms result in failure of expression of I-E alpha. Comparison of allelic
      sequences of six alleles of the I-A alpha chain shows that almost all of the
      allelic polymorphism is in the first domain and that within the first domain it
      is clustered in three allelic hypervariable regions within the first domain of I
      A alpha. The structural and functional implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 6437874
TI  - Delayed appearance of plasmatic chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancies after in
      vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
AB  - The detection of pregnancy through the rise of human chorionic gonadotropin
      hormone secretion, on maternal plasma level, has been studied in normally
      developed pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF
      ET), and compared with two other groups of pregnancies, the first group being
      pregnancies following artificial insemination with donor semen (AID) in
      spontaneous cycles ("AID group") and the second group being pregnancies following
      in vivo fertilization in a stimulated cycle ("stimulated group"). The day of
      human chorionic gonadotropin detection level significant for pregnancy (Dd) has
      been first defined and then determined for each pregnancy. Thereafter, mean
      levels for Dd (Dd) have been compared for each pregnancy group. It has been found
      that in pregnancies following IVF-ET, Dd is 12.05 +/- 0.8 days after ovulatory
      stimulus, which is delayed in comparison with spontaneous cycle pregnancies (Dd =
      9.5 +/- 1.0) and with stimulated cycle pregnancies (Dd = 8.0 +/- 1.5). The
      hypothesis to explain this observation is then discussed.

PMID- 6437875
TI  - Reconstructive surgery of hydrosalpinx with and without the carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - Pregnancy rates and surgery-conception intervals were determined in 91 women
      operated on for bilateral terminal tubal occlusion with different techniques. The
      intrauterine pregnancy rate following salpingostomy utilizing the CO2 laser was
      21.7% (n = 23) and following salpingostomy with the microdiathermy needle was
      22.7% (n = 22) at 1 year's follow-up. The pregnancy rate following conventional
      surgery was 17.4% (n = 46) at 5 years' follow-up. The surgery-conception interval
      was shorter in the laser group than in the other two groups. This preliminary
      report suggests that there is no difference between the pregnancy rate following
      salpingostomy with CO2 laser or microdiathermy needle; however, the surgery
      conception interval is shorter. This might reflect the rapid healing of the tube
      after laser surgery.

PMID- 6437876
TI  - Follicular fluid inhibin activity and steroid levels in ovarian tissue obtained
      at autopsy from human infants from 18 to 200 days of age.
AB  - The ovaries of 25 human infants from 18 to 200 days of age were obtained at
      autopsy, and their follicular fluid was subjected to measurement of inhibin
      activity, estrogen, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone. Significant
      inhibin activity was present in all samples of follicular fluid (charcoal
      treated) (138 +/- 19 U/10 microliter follicular fluid; 10,545 +/- 2758 U/ovary).
      There was a tendency for greater inhibin activity, follicular volume, and
      estrogen in infants from 18 to 59 days than in older infants. There was a
      significant positive correlation between follicular fluid volume, estrogen, and
      androstenedione, compared with follicular fluid inhibin content per ovary. It is
      possible that elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
      observed early in life stimulates follicle growth, inhibin, and estrogen
      production. As a result of elevated inhibin and estrogen, the gonadotropins may
      be inhibited, which may cause a decline in follicular activity after 4 to 6
      months.

PMID- 6437877
TI  - Inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity in first-
      and second-trimester human pregnancy and the luteal phase using Epostane.
AB  - The effects of a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3
      beta-HSD) (Epostane, Sterling Winthrop, Guildford, England) on serum progesterone
      (P), estradiol (E2), and cortisol have been studied in three groups of pregnant
      women awaiting termination of pregnancy (5 to 8 weeks, 8 to 12 weeks, and 12 to
      18 weeks of pregnancy) and 15 women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. A
      single-dose randomized double-blind study was performed, each woman receiving a
      placebo, 50 mg of Epostane, or 100 mg of Epostane. In the pregnant group, there
      was a significant decline in the serum P concentration after both 50 mg and 100
      mg of Epostane. The percentage fall increased with both drug dosage and advancing
      gestation. A similar fall in serum E2 was observed. Both of these effects were
      temporary. In the luteal phase group, a significant decline in serum P was
      observed after 100 mg of Epostane, but the serum E2 was not significantly
      different from the pretreatment concentration. Serum cortisol did not differ
      significantly from control values. These findings suggest that Epostane is an
      effective inhibitor of placental and ovarian 3 beta-HSD, which may have a role as
      an interceptive agent.

PMID- 6437878
TI  - Diagnosis-specific serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) upper limits for treatment with
      menotropins using a 125I direct E2 assay.
AB  - Statistical evaluation of 133 cycles of induction of ovulation using generalized
      linear models demonstrated that the occurrence and severity of ovarian
      hyperstimulation was influenced by the serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) concentration
      (P less than 0.001), conception (P less than 0.001), and the endocrinologic
      diagnosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) or hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) (P
      less than 0.01). When menotropins were administered between 5:00 P.M. and 8:00
      P.M. and blood was drawn at 8:00 A.M., an upper limit for serum E2 in patients
      with HA of 2417 pg/ml or an upper limit for patients with PCO of 3778 pg/ml gave
      an approximate 5% risk of severe ovarian hyperstimulation in conception cycles
      and a 1.3% risk of severe hyperstimulation in nonconception cycles. Comparison of
      our E2 radioimmunoassay involving extraction and chromatography to the Pantex
      immunodirect Estradiol 125I kit (Pantex, Santa Monica, CA) demonstrated no
      detectable systematic error, allowing the use of these limits with either assay.
      The ovulating injection of human chorionic gonadotropin was given at 5:00 P.M. to
      8:00 P.M. on the evening of blood drawing as soon as the first follicle reached
      an average diameter of 14 mm or greater. The ultrasound parameters allow the
      chance of pregnancy to be optimized and the chance of multiple gestation to be
      minimized. Serum E2 monitoring indicates when the risk of ovarian
      hyperstimulation is too great for human chorionic gonadotropin to be given.

PMID- 6437879
TI  - Successful pregnancy outcome following removal of bilateral cornual polyps by
      microsurgical linear salpingotomy with the aid of the CO2 laser.
AB  - Various surgical approaches have been advanced to treat cornual obstruction
      secondary to intraluminal polyps. This case illustrates microsurgical principles
      incorporating the CO2 laser to maximize the preservation of normal uterotubal
      anatomy and function after excising large bilateral cornual polyps and multiple
      uterine myomata and vaporizing endometriosis and pelvic adhesions. The subsequent
      conception and delivery of a viable full-term infant demonstrates the efficacy of
      this new approach. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the role
      of microsurgical linear salpingotomy with the CO2 laser in the treatment of
      cornual polyps to enhance fertility.

PMID- 6437880
TI  - The influence of gonadal steroids on the dopamine inhibitory effect on
      gonadotropin release in men.
AB  - The aim of this study was to ascertain whether an interrelationship exists
      between gonadal steroids and the inhibition of gonadotropin secretion by
      dopamine. The effect of dopamine infusion (4 micrograms/kg/minute intravenously)
      on gonadotropin plasma levels in four castrated men (18 to 23 years of age) and
      in four age-matched normal men was studied. Normal subjects were studied before
      and after treatment with a specific nonsteroidal estrogen receptor antagonist,
      CC. LH plasma levels in normal subjects receiving CC had a maximum decrease
      percentage and a net decrease significantly greater (P less than 0.005 and P less
      than 0.012, respectively) than those before CC treatment. In castrated subjects
      the maximum decrease percentage was significantly greater (P less than 0.005)
      than in control subjects, but it did not show any difference from that of normal
      subjects receiving CC. In none of the group were significant changes in FSH
      concentration observed. The findings suggest that whenever there is a gonadal
      steroid deficiency, dopamine infusion causes an increased sensitivity to LH
      inhibition. This may be due to a lower endogenous dopaminergic influence on LH
      secretion.

PMID- 6437881
TI  - [Prolonged electrostimulation of the negative emotiogenic areas of the brain as a
      model of chronic emotional stress].
AB  - In chronic experiments on rabbits and cats, formation of a conditioned
      epileptiform syndrome induced by a prolonged stimulation of negative emotiogenic
      areas, was studied. The prolonged electric stimulation of the limbic system's
      negative emotiogenic areas can be regarded as a model of chronic emotional
      stress.

PMID- 6437882
TI  - DRGs: another point of view.

PMID- 6437883
TI  - The end of an era in Delaware medicine.

PMID- 6437884
TI  - Lipid emulsions in the newborn infant.

PMID- 6437885
TI  - Monoclonal IgG immunoglobulinemia with subsequent myeloma in psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - A 42-year-old man had suffered from skin psoriasis for 27 years, psoriasis
      arthritis for 6 years and corneal crystalline deposits for 1 year, when an IgG
      kappa monoclonal immunoglobulin was detected in his serum electrophoretic
      pattern. All the diagnostic studies for multiple myeloma were negative. However,
      16 months later he developed this disease.

PMID- 6437886
TI  - C1 inhibitor functional activities in hereditary angioedema plasma of patients
      under therapy with attenuated androgens.
AB  - The effects of therapy with danazol or stanozolol on complement component C4 and
      on C1 inhibitor concentrations and functions in 6 patients suffering from the
      common form of hereditary angioedema are described. Whereas the mean C4
      concentration was found within the normal range, the therapy with attenuated
      androgens resulted in a subnormal mean of C1 inhibitor concentration, but an
      almost normal mean of functional activity.

PMID- 6437887
TI  - The in vitro generation of an antibacterial activity from the fat body and
      hemolymph of non-immunized larvae of Galleria mellonella.
AB  - A state of immunity in Galleria mellonella against the pathogen Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa is known to be induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
      isolated from the homologous organism. An in vitro mixture of the LPS and whole
      or cell-free hemolymph from non-immunized larvae is not antibacterial. In vitro
      mixtures of fat body and cell-free hemolymph from non-immunized larvae, incubated
      at 25 degrees C for 20 hours generated a proteinaceous antibacterial activity.
      The generation of this activity was enhanced by the presence in the incubation
      mixture of LPS and/or hemocytes from non-immunized larvae. It is suggested that
      LPS causes the release of a hemocyte factor(s) which acts in conjunction with or
      directly on the fat body resulting in an enhanced production of antibacterial
      factors.

PMID- 6437888
TI  - Plasma-exchange in the treatment of severe thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy.
AB  - Three female patients with severe thyrotoxicosis, two of them pregnant 22 and 16
      wk, respectively, were treated with plasma-exchange (PE) combined with anti
      thyroid drugs. In both pregnant patients PE was an effective adjunct to therapy
      with low-dose carbimazol. They were both delivered of normal babies at 37 and 40
      wk, respectively. One newborn was euthyroid, the other had transient neonatal
      thyrotoxicosis. In the non-pregnant patient an ominous situation of thyrotoxic
      crisis was rapidly reversed by a single PE. During PE an influx of thyroid
      hormones occurs from the extra- to the intravascular compartment, which increases
      the efficacy of PE. The 5% albumin solution derived from human donor plasma, used
      as replacement fluid, contained substantial amounts of thyroid hormones. A 5%
      albumin solution from human placental origin lacks these hormones and is
      therefore recommended as replacement fluid for PE in thyrotoxicosis. There are no
      valid arguments for advocating replacement with donor plasma.

PMID- 6437889
TI  - Metabolic activation of procarcinogens to genotoxic products in cultured rat
      liver cells.
AB  - A recently established rat liver cell line, RL-12, exhibits an unusually high
      sensitivity to the genotoxic effects of a number of selected procarcinogens.
      Significant reductions in cell survival (D37%) and induction of sister chromatid
      exchanges were obtained with 1 X 10(-9) M benzo[a]pyrene and 2 X 10(-8) M 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. This rat liver epithelial cell line may serve as a
      useful model system to study the metabolic activation of procarcinogens to their
      ultimate genotoxic form.

PMID- 6437890
TI  - Tyrosine protein kinases, viral transformation and the control of cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 6437891
TI  - Mistabron effects on platelets and blood coagulation.
AB  - The mucolytic drug Mistabron is often used in bleeding situations. The purpose of
      this study is to assess the safety of this drug in such circumstances. The
      platelet function of human blood is not impaired by clinically used Mistabron
      dosage, after stimulation with epinephrine, ADP or arachidonic acid. Coagulation
      proteins are not modified by Mesna, neither in vitro (blood from human beings),
      nor in vivo (rats).

PMID- 6437892
TI  - The effect of trimipramine (Surmontil) on the gastric secretion of acid and
      pepsin in patients with duodenal ulceration.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with endoscopically proven, symptomatic duodenal ulceration
      were randomized to receive trimipramine 50 mg daily or placebo. Maximal acid
      output studies and estimations of pepsin levels were performed before treatment,
      for 4 weeks while on drug or placebo and for 4 weeks after cessation of
      treatment. Gastric acid secretion was significantly reduced after 3 weeks
      treatment with trimipramine and this reduction was maintained for the duration of
      the study. Gastric pepsin levels were unaffected by the administration of the
      drug.

PMID- 6437893
TI  - The modulation of placental lactogen secretion by calcium: studies with cultured
      human term trophoblast.
AB  - Previous reports have documented the negative regulatory effect of calcium ion on
      the secretion of human placental lactogen by the placenta. Human term
      trophoblasts were dispersed from term placenta and maintained in monolayer cell
      culture. Incubation of the cultured trophoblast with EGTA produced a dose
      dependent stimulation of placental lactogen secretion. The calcium ionophore
      A23187 inhibited hormone secretion. This inhibitory effect was eliminated by the
      addition of the calcium-calmodulin complex inhibitor trifluoperazine. It is
      concluded that calcium exerts a negative regulatory effect on the secretion of
      placental lactogen by a mechanism which requires the action of the calcium
      calmodulin complex.

PMID- 6437894
TI  - Action of veratridine on acetylcholinesterase in cultures of rat muscle cells.
AB  - Studies on cultures of embryonic rat muscle cells have suggested that the
      presence of collagen-tailed forms may be correlated with spontaneous contractile
      activity: these forms disappear in the presence of tetrodotoxin which blocks the
      sodium channels involved in the propagation of action potentials. The effect of
      veratridine, a drug which maintains the sodium channels in the open state, was
      studied. It is shown here that in young cultures veratridine provoked a dramatic
      increase in total acetylcholinesterase activity and changed the distribution of
      the molecular forms of the enzyme, increasing the proportion and absolute amount
      of the A12 form. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of this drug, the
      effects of various ions, ionophores, or other agents that modify the ionic
      permeabilities of membranes were also investigated.

PMID- 6437895
TI  - A method for isolation of islets of Langerhans from the human pancreas.
AB  - A method has been developed for the isolation of islets of Langerhans from the
      human pancreas. The average number of islets isolated was 1011 islets per gram of
      pancreas (SD 475, range 752-2111), and the purity of the preparation as defined
      by histologic examination and specific staining for insulin varied from 10% to
      40%. Islet structure was well preserved and the islets were shown to be viable by
      supravital staining, demonstration of insulin response to glucose, and by
      transplantation of isolated islets beneath the renal capsule of nude mice. The
      essential features of this technique for isolation of human islets include
      injection of a high concentration of collagenase (6 mg/ml) into the pancreatic
      duct under pressure, followed by a short incubation (23 min) at 39 degrees C. The
      gland is then dispersed by a process of teasing and shaking, and the islets are
      separated by a two-stage process of filtration on a nylon mesh to remove the
      larger islets and centrifugation on a preformed Ficoll density gradient to
      separate the small islets.

PMID- 6437896
TI  - [Neurogenic pulmonary edema. Description of a case occurring after an epileptic
      crisis].
AB  - A 34-year-old woman without heart disease had an acute pulmonary edema after a
      grand mal seizure. Neurogenic pulmonary edema is characterized by the primary
      role played by the central nervous system in its pathogenesis, usually in the
      absence of cardiopulmonary disease. We believe that the initiating mechanism was
      a marked, although brief, generalized vasoconstriction, followed by a shift of
      blood from the peripheral vascular bed to the pulmonary vascular bed. We stress
      the need of treating the underlying neurologic disease as the only regional way
      of preventing the recurrence of pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6437897
TI  - [5th report of the Study Group on Cancer of the Digestive System].

PMID- 6437898
TI  - Genetic analysis of chromomere 3D4 in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Regulatory
      sites for the dunce gene.
AB  - Chromomere 3D4 of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster contains two genes, dunce
      (dnc) and sperm amotile (sam). Mutations in dnc cause defects in memory formation
      and female fertility and reduce or eliminate the activity of a cAMP-specific
      phosphodiesterase designated form II. A fine structure map of this region has
      been constructed showing the locations of two sam mutations, five dnc mutations
      and a newly identified locus designated control of fertility (cf) that acts in
      cis to regulate the female sterility phenotype of dnc. The two sam mutations are
      separated by 0.02 +/- 0.01 cM, the rightmost being located 0.08 +/- 0.02 cM to
      the left of the null mutation dncM11. A cluster of null and form II-defective dnc
      mutations is located 0.04 +/- 0.01 cM to the right of dncM11. The cf locus is
      0.06 +/- 0.02 cM to the right of this cluster. The location of the dnc and cf
      sites identify a region of approximately 0.10 cM that is required for proper
      expression of dnc+. The dncCK mutation, associated with a reciprocal
      translocation between 3L and the X, exhibits reduced form II activity and female
      sterility. This translocation breakpoint has been mapped to the left of the dnc+
      gene and is near the breakpoint of Df(1)N64j15 which also reduces expression of
      dnc+. The effect of these independent chromosomal breaks on the dnc+ gene
      suggests the existence of a site to the left of dnc+ that is also required for
      proper expression of the gene.

PMID- 6437899
TI  - Genetic mapping of genes required for motility in Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - Mutations in more than 30 genes affect motility in Caulobacter crescentus. We
      have determined the chromosomal map locations for 27 genes involved in flagellar
      morphogenesis (fla), three genes involved in flagellar function (mot), and three
      genes that have a pleiotropic effect on both motility and bacteriophage
      resistance (ple). Three multigene clusters have been detected at widely separated
      chromosomal locations, but in addition, there are 12 fla and mot genes that are
      found at eight additional sites scattered around the C. crescentus chromosome.
      Thus, there is more scatter of genes involved in flagellar structure and function
      than has been observed in other bacterial systems.

PMID- 6437900
TI  - Developmental genetics of the 2E-F region of the Drosophila X chromosome: a
      region rich in "developmentally important" genes.
AB  - We have analyzed the 2E1-3A1 area of the X chromosome with special attention to
      loci related to embryogenesis. Published maps indicate that this chromosomal
      segment contains ten bands. Our genetic analysis has identified 11
      complementation groups: one recessive visible (prune), two female steriles and
      eight lethals. One of the female sterile loci is fs(1)k10 for which homozygous
      females produce both egg chambers and embryos with a dorsalized morphology. The
      second female sterile is the paternally rescuable fs(1)pecanex in which unrescued
      embryos have a hypertrophic nervous system. Of the eight lethal complementation
      groups two are recessive embryonic lethals: hemizygous giant (gt) embryos possess
      segmental defects, and hemizygous crooked neck (crn) embryos exhibit a twisted
      phenotype. Analysis of these mutations in the female germ line indicates that gt
      does not show a maternal effect, whereas normal activity of crn is required for
      germ cell viability. Analysis of the maternal effect in germ line clones of the
      remaining six recessive lethal complementation groups indicates that four are
      required for germ cell viability and one produces ambiguous results for survival
      of the germ cells. The remaining, l(1)pole hole, is a recessive early pupal
      lethal in which embryos derived from germ line clones and lacking wild-type gene
      activity exhibit the "torso" or "pole hole" phenotype.

PMID- 6437901
TI  - Techniques for manipulating chromosomal rearrangements and their application to
      Drosophila melanogaster. II. Translocations.
AB  - Translocations have long been valued for their segregational properties. This
      paper extends the utility of translocations by considering recombinational
      derivatives of pairs of simple reciprocal translocations. Three major derivative
      structures are noted. One of these derivatives is suitable for use in half-tetrad
      experiments. A second should find use in recombining markers with translocation
      breakpoints. The third is an insertional-tandem duplication: it has a section of
      one chromosome inserted into a heterologue with a section of the latter
      chromosome tandemly repeated about the breaks of the insert. All of these
      structures are contained in "constellations" of chromosomes that regularly
      segregate aneuploid-1 products (informationally equivalent to nonrecombinant
      adjacent-1 segregants) for one of the parental translocations but do not
      segregate euploid products. This is in contrast to the parental T1/T2
      constellations which segregate euploid products but not aneuploid-1 products.
      Methods are described for selecting translocation recombinants on the basis of
      this dichotomy. Several examples of translocation recombinants have been
      recovered with these techniques, and the recombination frequencies seem to be
      consistent with those observed for crossovers between inversion breakpoints.
      Recombinant chromosomes tend to disjoin, but it is observed that the tendency may
      vary according to the region involved in the recombination, and it is suggested
      that this difference reflects a difference in chiasmata terminalization times.
      Special consideration is given to insertional-tandem duplications. Large
      insertional-tandem duplications are useful in gene dosage studies and other
      experiments that require an insert from one chromosome to another. Large
      duplications can be deleted to form small duplications. To generate a small
      insert for a specified region, it is only necessary to have one translocation
      with a breakpoint flanking the region of interest. The second translocation can
      have a breakpoint quite far from the region: an insertional-tandem duplication
      containing the region that has one closely flanking breakpoint can be deleted to
      create a smaller duplication that has two closely flanking breakpoints.

PMID- 6437902
TI  - Heterochromatic position effect at the rosy locus of Drosophila melanogaster:
      cytological, genetic and biochemical characterization.
AB  - This report describes cytological, genetic and biochemical studies designed to
      characterize two gamma-radiation induced, apparent "underproducer" variants of
      the rosy locus (ry:3-52.0), ryps1149 and ryps11136. The following observations
      provide a compelling basis for their diagnosis as heterochromatic position effect
      variants. They are associated with rearrangements that place heterochromatin
      adjacent to the rosy region of chromosome 3 (87D). The effect of these mutations
      on rosy locus expression is subject to modification by abnormal Y chromosome
      content. The rearrangement alters only the expression of the rosy allele on the
      same chromosome (cis-acting). The Y chromosome modification is only on the
      position-affected allele's expression. The recessive lethality associated with
      the rearrangements relate to specific rosy region vital loci, and for ryps11136,
      the lethality is not Y chromosome modified. The peptide product of the position
      affected allele is qualitatively normal by several criteria. Heterozygous
      deletion of 87E2-F2 is a suppressor of the rosy position effect. The rosy
      position effect on XDH production may be assayed in whole larvae and larval fat
      body tissue as well as in adults.

PMID- 6437903
TI  - [Biochemical polymorphic systems in the population of immigrant inhabitants of
      the northeastern USSR. III. Selectivity of migration behavior with respect to the
      genotypes of polymorphic loci].
AB  - Genotype frequency correlation in individuals (1448 men and 1400 women) which
      left and those remained in the region was studied at 12 polymorphic loci (AcP,
      PGM, PGD, GPT, GLO-1, AK, Pp, Hp, Gc, Tf, ABO and Rh) in four years after the
      first examination. It is shown that the electivity of removal with respect to the
      genotypes of polymorphic systems studied determines the genetic structure
      specificity of the population. The men, in comparison with women, have more
      pronounced electivity and it is most considerable in the first years of dwelling
      under extreme conditions. It is ascertained that the electivity of the removal is
      a leading but not a sole factor determining the genetic structure specificity,
      because the significant differences in genotype frequencies between removed and
      remained individuals was found for some of the loci at which the frequency
      gradient depending on the duration of dwelling in the region was not found.

PMID- 6437904
TI  - [Genetic bases of antibody diversity].
AB  - Repertoire of immunoglobulin paratopes is estimated as at least 10(7)-10(8) per
      individual. This repertoire is created by the variability of paratope coding VH-
      and VL-genes. Three events contribute to the necessary diversity of VH- and VL
      genes: 1. Sets of germline DNA segments: VH, DH, JH and VL, JL containing genetic
      information for different parts of V-domains amino acid sequence. 2. Ontogenic
      rearrangements of these segments resulting in generation and expression of
      complete VH- and VL-genes. These rearrangements create the third hypervariable
      region diversity. 3. Succeeding hypermutational process leading to numerous
      substitutions of single amino acids along the V-domain localized essentially in
      hypervariable (complementary determining) regions. This process possesses the
      greatest possibilities for generation of somatic diversity of V-genes. Final VH-
      and VL-genes diversity reaches the necessary paratope repertoire, due to
      epigenetic mechanism of heavy and light chains combination in immunoglobulin
      molecules. Mechanisms of somatic generation of V-genes diversity are interpreted
      to spring up and be maintained in the course of evolution because of the fact
      that micro-parasites (viruses and bacteria) have much higher changeability rate
      than their hosts--highest vertebrates. Since future evolution of micro-parasites
      cannot be foreseen with the past events as a basis, natural selection of many
      thousands of germline V-genes fails to bring adaptation of the immune system to
      changeability of infection agents. Optimal evolution strategy of immunoglobulin
      gene complex of host species is expected to ensure developing somatic mechanisms.
      These mechanisms would generate de novo broad and random V-gene variability which
      is able, through structure diversity of corresponding paratopes, to foresee not
      only arbitrary micro-parasite, but also any arbitrary antigen not known in
      phylogenesis.

PMID- 6437905
TI  - [rRNA synthesis im Drosophila melanogaster lines with different nucleolus
      organizer contents].
AB  - Regulation of the rate of RNA synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster diploid cells
      with 1, 2, 3 and 4 nucleolar organizers is studied. The data indicate that in
      flies with the redundant nucleolar organizer (NO) content extra NOs are
      eliminated by the 18th generation and the level of rRNA synthesis is typical for
      control wild stock flies. In flies bearing single NO on the Y chromosome, extra
      rDNA replication does not occur and rRNA genes deficiency by the increased rRNA
      synthesis is compensated. It is suggested that in genotypes studied the rate of
      rRNA synthesis depended on sex chromosome quantity per genome.

PMID- 6437906
TI  - [Regulatory mutants for the synthesis of a 2d purine nucleoside phosphorylase in
      Escherichia coli K-12. I. Synthesis inducers and the substrate specificity of
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase in pndR mutants].
AB  - Restoration of the ability to catabolise the purine nucleosides in phenotypic
      revertants of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants defective in deoD encoded purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase 1) is the result of regulatory pndR mutations
      for synthesis of a second purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase 2). In pndR+
      strains synthesis of PNPase 2 is induced by xanthosine; in pndR mutants
      catabolising all purine nucleosides synthesis of this enzyme is constitutive; in
      other pndR mutants only catabolising some of purine nucleosides, this
      catabolisible nucleosides, namely, deoxyinosine, deoxyadenosine as well as, in
      some cases, inosine and adenosine, act as inducers of PNPase 2 synthesis. In some
      pndR mutants with inducible PNPase 2, xanthosine is a stronger inducer, in others
      it is weaker, in comparison with pndR+ strains. In bacterial cells PNPase 2
      catalyses the phosphorolytic cleavage of adenosine, inosine, deoxyinosine,
      guanosine, deoxyguanosine and xanthosine, though in crude extracts adenosine and
      deoxyadenosine phosphorylase activities of the enzyme are not expressed.

PMID- 6437907
TI  - Implementing a teaching nursing home: lessons for research and practice.

PMID- 6437908
TI  - Rare element telephone screening (RETS): a procedure for augmenting the number of
      black elderly in national samples.

PMID- 6437909
TI  - Coping with an intra-institutional relocation: changes in resident and staff
      behavior patterns.

PMID- 6437910
TI  - Post-retirement benefit increases and the adequacy of benefits in state pension
      plans.

PMID- 6437911
TI  - Synthesis of steroid hormones by granulosa cells of the ovary in vitro.

PMID- 6437912
TI  - Protein synthesis in the gastrointestinal tissues of the ovine fetus.
AB  - An isotope dilution procedure employing an 8h continuous infusion of L-[2,3,5,6
      3H] tyrosine was used to determine fractional protein synthetic rates in the
      gastrointestinal tissues of ovine fetuses. The infusions were made into the
      inferior vena cava of the fetuses at 120-130 days of gestation. Immediately
      following the termination of the infusion the ewes were sacrificed and fetal
      tissues were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -20 C. The
      specific activity of the intracellular free and protein bound amino acid pools
      was determined from which the fractional synthetic rates (%/day) were calculated.
      These rates were as follows: reticulo-rumen, 49%; omasum, 10%; abomasum, 14%;
      proximal duodenum, 93%; and distal colon, 15%. The contribution of duodenum to
      the whole body protein synthesis was 10.5% while the contribution of the entire
      GIT (13.9%) was very close to that of liver (14.4%). The specific activity of
      tyrosine in the amniotic fluid and fetal ruminal fluid averaged 22% and 36%
      respectively of the specific activity in the plasma. The high turnover of tissue
      proteins in the fetal gastrointestinal tract as well as the presence of labelled
      tyrosine in the ruminal fluid indicate the functional importance of
      gastrointestinal activity in utero preparing the gastrointestinal tract for post
      natal life.

PMID- 6437913
TI  - Cellobiose/mannitol sugar permeability test complements biopsy histopathology in
      clinical investigation of the jejunum.
AB  - Intestinal permeability to probe molecules has been shown to correlate closely
      with the presence or absence of villous atrophy in a jejunal biopsy. The purpose
      of this study was to establish if there exist groups of patients with functional
      derangement of intestinal permeability but normal histopathology of the small
      bowel mucosa. In 135 patients a cellobiose/mannitol permeability test was
      performed at the same time as jejunal biopsy. Diagnosis included coeliac disease,
      Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, idiopathic diarrhoea, self diagnosed
      food allergy, atopic eczema and postinfectious malabsorption. The value of the
      cellobiose/mannitol test in identifying patients with abnormal jejunal biopsy
      histopathology was confirmed. The permeability test was abnormal in all 28
      patients with partial or subtotal villous atrophy, and also in all 10 in whom
      there was a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count despite normal villi and
      crypts. Functional abnormality of the small intestine has not previously been
      reported in patients with this jejunal biopsy abnormality. Abnormalities of
      permeability were also found in patients with idiopathic diarrhoea, folate
      deficiency, postinfectious or traveller's diarrhoea, small bowel Crohn's disease,
      and atopic eczema. These results show that sugar permeability tests have more
      potential in clinical investigation than merely serving as screening tests before
      jejunal biopsy. There are groups of patients without morphological changes in the
      small bowel in whom intestinal permeability is abnormal.

PMID- 6437914
TI  - Treatment of vulvar carcinoma in situ with the CO2 laser.
AB  - Between January 1960 and December 1982, 142 patients with carcinoma in situ of
      the vulva were treated at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA Medical Center.
      Primary treatment consisted of wide excision in 45 patients; vulvectomy in 23
      patients; topical chemotherapy in 9 patients; and CO2 laser therapy in 42
      patients. Twenty-three patients were also treated with the CO2 laser for
      recurrent disease. Multifocal disease was present in 59% of the cases. Lesions
      involving the posterior vulva recurred most commonly, for both initial and
      recurrent disease. Results utilizing the CO2 are compared with the other methods
      of treating carcinoma in situ of the vulva. The CO2 laser is well suited for
      treatment of both multifocal and unifocal vulvar lesions, as it allows for
      maximal retention of vulvar integrity with no decrease in therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 6437915
TI  - Differentiation pattern of blood mononuclear cells in liquid culture in normal
      subjects.

PMID- 6437916
TI  - [Production of the leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) by peripheral blood
      lymphocytes in vitro and LIF-like plasma activity in paraproteinemic patients].

PMID- 6437917
TI  - Ultrastructural observations of bone marrow cells in preleukemic patients.

PMID- 6437918
TI  - The influence of regional haematocrit on "in vivo" ferrokinetic measurements.

PMID- 6437919
TI  - [Renal enlargement and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children:
      absence of correlations].

PMID- 6437920
TI  - [Effect of L-asparaginase on glucose metabolism in children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6437921
TI  - Waldenstrom's hyperglobulinemic purpura in HLA identical sisters.

PMID- 6437922
TI  - Spinal cord compression in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6437923
TI  - Blood coagulation consumption in a patient with autoimmune chronic active
      hepatitis.

PMID- 6437924
TI  - Pancytopenia associated with coal treatment.

PMID- 6437925
TI  - Polycythemia vera: a new case report with onset in infancy.

PMID- 6437926
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma without evidence of acute leukemia: 2 cases with unusual
      localization (uterus and breast) and 1 case with bone localization.

PMID- 6437927
TI  - Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma.

PMID- 6437928
TI  - HLA typing of patients with haematological disorders.

PMID- 6437929
TI  - The erythroblastic nest (EN): cytochemical evidence for its role in the
      hemoglobinization of maturing erythroid cells.

PMID- 6437930
TI  - Intercellular bonding in the erythroblastic nest (EN) is reversible and dependent
      on divalent cations.

PMID- 6437931
TI  - Ascorbic acid status in thalassemia major.

PMID- 6437932
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and Factor VIII complex abnormalities.

PMID- 6437933
TI  - Castleman's disease associated with hepatic amyloidosis. An immunohistochemical
      and ultrastructural study.

PMID- 6437934
TI  - Hodgkin's primary lymphoma of the small intestine.

PMID- 6437935
TI  - Transient remission of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during septic
      abscess and pneumothorax.

PMID- 6437936
TI  - Management of infections in immunocompromised cancer patients.

PMID- 6437937
TI  - [Complex pathogenesis of a systemic hemopathy: hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 6437938
TI  - [High-dose nitrosourea in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 6437939
TI  - Prediction of therapeutic response in multiple myeloma by means of bone marrow
      cytology examination.

PMID- 6437940
TI  - Leukopenia due to ticlopidine in a patient with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6437941
TI  - Isolation of small molecular forms of Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor from
      plasma.
AB  - Cryoprecipitated factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF), freed of
      fibrinogen by clotting with calcium and Defibrase, was chromatographed on
      Sepharose CL-2B. Fractions containing lower-molecular-weight forms of FVIII/vWF
      comprised coprecipitated plasma proteins of similar molecular weights. The major
      contaminants, fibronectin and IgM, were removed by affinity chromatography on
      gelatin- and anti-IgM-agarose, respectively. Finally, pure low-molecular-weight
      FVIII/vWF protein was harvested in the void volume fraction of a Sepharose CL-6B
      column. The smallest multimers had the size of the tetramer of the basic subunit
      chain of FVIII/vWF.

PMID- 6437942
TI  - Factor VIII procoagulant antigen recovery is a dose-related response to Factor
      VIII concentrate infusions.
AB  - The recovery and initial half-disappearance rate of factor VIII procoagulant
      activity (VIIIC) and procoagulant antigen (VIIICAg) were studied in 9 haemophilia
      A patients following infusion of factor VIII concentrates to varying plasma VIIIC
      levels. While VIIIC recovery was independent of dose, the VIIICAg recovery varied
      in a dose-dependent fashion. The excess of VIIICAg relative to VIIIC found in the
      factor VIII concentrates (VIIICAg/VIIIC ratios of 1.9-3.1) was not observed in
      plasma samples taken after low level infusions (plasma VIIIC less than 1 U/ml)
      but a significant excess of VIIICAg was observed in higher level infusions. The
      VIIICAg recovery of post-infusion plasma was not increased by treatment with
      phospholipase C.

PMID- 6437943
TI  - [The condition of newborn infants from risk pregnancies and HPL concentration in
      the blood of their mothers].

PMID- 6437944
TI  - Kinetics of alpha-amylase production in a batch and a fed-batch culture of
      Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Analysis of the kinetics of alpha-amylase production in a batch and a fed-batch
      culture of Bacillus subtilis made it possible to derive a kinetic model of the
      process describing mutual interactions between growth and production. The
      specific growth rate is limited by the concentration of both corn-steep liquor
      and starch. Higher concentrations of reducing sugars in the medium also inhibit
      growth. The overall production of alpha-amylase is a result of an equilibrium
      between the rate of enzyme production and its degradation due to the effect of
      environment. The actual specific production rate is directly proportional to the
      specific growth rate (characterizing the physiological state of the culture) and
      is inhibited by higher concentrations of corn-steep liquor in the medium.

PMID- 6437945
TI  - Sixteenth annual congress of the Czechoslovak Society for Microbiology. Banska
      Bistrica, October 21-23, 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 6437946
TI  - Energy requirements of captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus).
AB  - Food intake of captive cotton-top tamarins was measured at various stages of the
      life cycle and energy intake was calculated from the results. The intake of
      adults for maintenance was found to vary around 500 kJ X kg-3/4 X day-1 and to
      decrease with age. During the last 8 weeks of pregnancy, females increased in
      weight by about 2 g X day-1 but energy intake did not show a marked rise above
      the maintenance range. During lactation, their energy intake appeared to double.
      Measurements of intake at various stages of growth were compared with a model of
      the energy requirements for growth which predicted intake quite closely. Compared
      with non-primate mammals of similar size, the growth rate of this species is
      slow, and because of this, the energy intake during growth and lactation is also
      comparatively low.

PMID- 6437947
TI  - Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on the disposition of [14C]aflatoxin B1 in the
      lactating rat.
AB  - The distribution and metabolism of an ip dose of [14C]aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were
      studied in lactating Sprague-Dawley rats fed for the previous 13 days on a diet
      containing 0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Compared with ingestion of a BHT
      free diet, treatment with BHT increased the biotransmission of AFB1 metabolites,
      predominantly aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), into the mammary gland and its content of
      milk, decreased AFB1 binding to liver nuclear DNA and enhanced the excretion of
      water-soluble metabolites of AFB1, all measured 6 hr after an oral dose of
      [14C]AFB1. These changes are related to the induction by BHT of hepatic enzymes
      involved in the transformation and detoxification of AFB1. The results suggest
      that exposure to BHT may protect the lactating animal from the carcinogenic
      effect of AFB1 but may increase the risk of exposure of the newborn infant to the
      carcinogenic metabolite AFM1.

PMID- 6437948
TI  - Examination of some fragrance substances for mutagenic activity.
AB  - We tested 64 perfumes and aftershaves for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium
      strains TA98 and TA100; most were tested both with and without metabolic
      activation. None of the test compounds gave a positive mutagenic response. The
      available amounts of some test samples were very small, however, and the
      possibility that larger samples might have produced positive results cannot be
      altogether discounted. Some tests indicated the presence of cytotoxic substances
      which require chemical analysis.

PMID- 6437949
TI  - [Immunohistologic localization of aldose reductase in the human eye by monoclonal
      antibodies].

PMID- 6437950
TI  - [Local mitomycin-C therapy of infiltrating bladder cancer].
AB  - Adjuvant local chemotherapy for superficial cancer of the urinary bladder (TA
      Tis) is meanwhile performed on a nearly standardized level. The indication for
      infiltrating tumours (T1-T4) however is controversial. The prevention of tumour
      cell implantation which is promoted by transurethral resections is advantageous.
      On the other hand a curative effect cannot be expected from local chemotherapy in
      infiltrating tumours. The long-term results of adjuvant local chemotherapy in 86
      patients with infiltrating urinary bladder carcinomas are reported, who received
      mitomycin instillations after transurethral resections.

PMID- 6437951
TI  - [Ambulatory tube feeding. An alternative to parenteral feeding].
AB  - Nowadays, enteral tube feeding is an alternative to parenteral nutrition in
      hospitalized patients. Special tubes and differentiated diets enable a high
      quality, enteral nutrition, which can be well applied for a number of indications
      without complications. This tube feeding can also be managed in ambulatory
      patients with benign or malignant diseases. The education, training and
      surveillance of these patients is a necessary requirement. Mobility and living
      habits of the patients are hardly disturbed at all by this regimen. Deficiencies
      due to the exclusive application of a chemically defined diet need not to be
      feared.

PMID- 6437952
TI  - [In-vitro activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics. Testing resistant
      enterobacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains].
AB  - The MIC's of 95 strains of enterobacteria, being resistant to Cefazolin, were
      determined against 8 recent beta-lactam antibiotics by the agar-dilution method.
      Thienamycin proved to be most active in vitro, followed by Cefotaxim, Ceftriaxon,
      Ceftizoxim, Ceftazidim and Monobactam; Cefoperazon and Temocillin proved to be
      less active. Ceftazidim showed better results with 25 strains of P. aeruginosa,
      including 12 strains resistent to Azlocillin, than did Cefsulodin, Piperacillin
      and Cefoperazon. Thienamycin showed the highest MIC's. The testing of
      representative antibiotics is discussed.

PMID- 6437953
TI  - [Severe migraine accompagnee with computer tomographic findings].
AB  - Migraine accompagnee is associated with cerebral signs of irritation or failure,
      aphasic or paraphasic disturbances and Jacksonian attacks which appear together
      with the migraine attack. Present-day ideas on the pathogenesis of migraine
      headache indicate that such cerebral focal signs should be ascribed to vessel
      dependent changes with transitory ischaemia. The article reports on a 24-year-old
      woman patient who had three Jacksonian attacks within a severe attack of migraine
      besides neurological signs originating from various cerebrovascular areas, as
      well as certain mental anomalies; this patient had a previous history of migraine
      with familial affiliations. The computerized tomogram, produced on the 5th day of
      disease, showed frontally-paramedially a zone with unsharp outlines without
      enhancement after administration of a contrast medium. All neurological signs,
      including the Jacksonian attacks, gradually receded in the course of time.
      Extensive additional diagnosis was performed, including angiography, to exclude
      any other underlying disease which could have been made responsible for the
      observed symptoms.

PMID- 6437954
TI  - Effect of metergoline on prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing
      hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone response to TRH and LHRH in normal men
      and women.
AB  - Metergoline, a prolactin (PRL)-lowering drug with an antiserotoninergic activity,
      is known to restore menstruations and fertility in hyper-PRL patients even when
      PRL levels are not normalized. This suggests that metergoline might also affect
      gonadotropins release. In a double-blind cross-over study in 8 normal males,
      repeated administration of metergoline enhanced the LH response to LHRH and
      reduced the PRL response to TRH; for females, three different tests were
      performed on days 5, 8 and 21 of two different menstrual cycles, each test being
      preceded by metergoline or by placebo administration. Metergoline always reduced
      the PRL response to TRH; on the 5th day, metergoline reduced the FSH response to
      LHRH and on the 21st day enhanced the LH response to LHRH. Basal levels of LH,
      FSH, T3, T4, Testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone as well as the FSH
      response to LHRH (in males) and the TSH response to TRH (in both males and
      females) were not modified by metergoline. The data suggest that tests with TRH
      and LHRH can yield different results when performed during metergoline
      administration and that metergoline, acting through an unknown mechanism, can
      modify gonadotropins release.

PMID- 6437955
TI  - Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. VIII. B-cell
      restoration following islet transplantation. Preliminary results.

PMID- 6437956
TI  - Rapid changes in serum vitamin D metabolites in response to TRH.

PMID- 6437957
TI  - Calcitonin increases alanine aminotransferase activity related to calcium in the
      hepatic mitochondria of rats.
AB  - The effect of calcitonin (CT) on alanine aminotransferase activity and calcium
      content in the hepatic mitochondria of intact rats was investigated. A single
      subcutaneous administration of CT (synthetic [Asu1,7] eel calcitonin; 80 MRC
      mU/100 g body weight) produced a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase
      activity and a corresponding elevation of calcium content. Those increases were
      also observed with the lowest dose of CT (20 MRC mU/100 g). The mitochondrial
      calcium depletion by 10 mM EGTA treatment produced a remarkable reduction in
      alanine aminotransferase activity increased by CT, although EGTA treatment did
      not alter basal enzyme activity. Addition of calcium ion (1-10(3) microM) into
      the EGTA-treated mitochondria, however, produced a significant increase in
      alanine aminotransferase activity. The enzyme activity increased by CT was not
      inhibited by the presence of calmodulin inhibitor, W-7 (1-10(3) microM). These
      results suggest that the mitochondrial calcium increased by CT administration
      directly activates alanine aminotransferase in the hepatic mitochondria of rats.

PMID- 6437958
TI  - Effect of non aromatizable androgens on LHRH and TRH responses in primary
      testicular failure.
AB  - We have assessed the gonadotropin, TSH and PRL responses to the non aromatizable
      androgens, mesterolone and fluoxymestrone, in 27 patients with primary testicular
      failure. All patients were given a bolus of LHRH (100 micrograms) and TRH (200
      micrograms) at zero time. Nine subjects received a further bolus of TRH at 30
      mins. The latter were then given mesterolone 150 mg daily for 6 weeks. The
      remaining subjects received fluoxymesterone 5 mg daily for 4 weeks and 10 mg
      daily for 2 weeks. On the last day of the androgen administration, the subjects
      were re-challenged with LHRH and TRH according to the identical protocol. When
      compared to controls, the patients had normal circulating levels of testosterone,
      estradiol, PRL and thyroid hormones. However, basal LH, FSH and TSH levels, as
      well as gonadotropin responses to LHRH and TSH and PRL responses to TRH, were
      increased. Mesterolone administration produced no changes in steroids, thyroid
      hormones, gonadotropins nor PRL. There was, however, a reduction in the
      integrated and incremental TSH secretion after TRH. Fluoxymesterone
      administration was accompanied by a reduction in thyroid binding globulin (with
      associated decreases in T3 and increases in T3 resin uptake). The free T4 index
      was unaltered, which implies that thyroid function was unchanged. In addition,
      during fluoxymesterone administration, there was a reduction in testosterone,
      gonadotropins and LH response to LHRH. Basal TSH did not vary, but there was a
      reduction in the peak and integrated TSH response to TRH. PRL levels were
      unaltered during fluoxymesterone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6437959
TI  - Growth hormone hyperresponsiveness to human pancreatic growth hormone releasing
      hormone in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

PMID- 6437960
TI  - The hepatotoxicity of valproic acid and its metabolites in rats. I. Toxicologic,
      biochemical and histopathologic studies.
AB  - Valproic acid (VPA), its unsaturated metabolites and pent-4-enoate (4-PA) were
      studied for potential hepatotoxicity in rats. 4-PA, 4-en-VPA and 2,4-dien-VPA
      were potent inducers of microvesicular steatosis in young rats. Microvesicular
      steatosis induced by the 4-en-VPA was accompanied by ultrastructural changes
      characterized by myeloid bodies, lipid vacuoles and mitochondrial abnormalities.
      Myeloid bodies and lipid vacuoles were seen to a lesser extent in 2,4-dien-VPA
      and 4-PA-treated rats. VPA failed to induce discernible liver lesions in young
      rats even at near lethal doses of 700 mg per kg per day. The drug did, however,
      induce hepatic lipid accumulation in mature rats and in young rats dosed
      concomitantly with phenobarbital. beta-oxidation inhibition and several other
      biochemical alterations were observed in rats dosed with VPA, its unsaturated
      metabolites and 4-PA. It was suggested that beta-oxidation inhibition observed in
      both VPA and en-metabolite-treated rats occurred by different mechanisms. VPA
      inhibits by a transient sequestering of CoA while the CoA esters of some en-VPA
      metabolites, particularly 4-en-VPA, inhibit specific enzyme(s) in the beta
      oxidation sequences.

PMID- 6437961
TI  - The hepatotoxicity of valproic acid and its metabolites in rats. II. Intermediary
      and valproic acid metabolism.
AB  - The role of metabolites in valproic acid (VPA)-associated hepatotoxicity was
      studied in rats. The most steatogenic mono-unsaturated metabolite, 4-en-VPA,
      caused the greatest changes in indicators of beta-oxidation inhibition
      (dicarboxylic aciduria, beta-hydroxybutyrate reduction); however, the biochemical
      effects were much less pronounced than those reported for hypoglycin. Steatosis
      in VPA-treated rats occurred only at nearly lethal doses. Phenobarbital induction
      was confirmed as a predisposing factor; however, it appeared not to greatly
      enhance production of 4-en-VPA or its recognized metabolites, which collectively
      comprised only 0.5% of the dose. Elevated oxo-VPA metabolites in serum and 2
      propylglutarate in liver were associated with toxicity. Among the newly
      discovered minor metabolites with possible biologic effects were diols
      (suggesting epoxide precursors) and a series of dienes and trienes. The rarity of
      severe human hepatotoxicity indicates that, normally, beta-oxidation inhibition
      is compensated, and cellular defense mechanisms prevail over reactive
      metabolites. This requires adequate nutrition; on the other hand, severe glycogen
      depletion may promote toxicity by compromising glucuronidation, the major
      clearance route. Other literature comments are also supported: (i) caution is
      indicated for patients with various unusual congenital disorders (e.g., organic
      acidurias or other mitochondrial defects), and (ii) monotherapy obviates both the
      predisposition to toxicity and the requirement of large doses to produce
      therapeutic levels.

PMID- 6437962
TI  - Early structural and functional changes in liver of rats treated with a single
      dose of valproic acid.
AB  - Valproic acid (VPA) is a simple fatty acid largely used as anticonvulsivant
      agent. Side effects are uncommon, but cases of fatal hepatic failure have been
      reported. To elucidate the mechanism of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity, the
      functional and structural changes associated with administration of sodium
      valproate (NaVPA) to rats (200 or 600 mg per kg, i.p.) were analyzed. NaVPA
      produced an immediate, dose-dependent and prolonged increase in bile salt
      independent bile flow with a decrease in biliary cholesterol and phospholipid
      output. At 3 and 5 hr, marked ultrastructural changes were evident in
      hepatocytes, including formation of autophagic vacuoles engulfing altered
      mitochondria and occasionally peroxisomes. A modest accumulation of lipoprotein
      particles was evident at 5 hr in the Golgi cisternae. Twelve-hour samples
      appeared normal. Bile canaliculi and junctional complexes remained unaltered
      throughout. The changes observed differ from those previously reported with other
      hydrocholeretics, such as diethylmaleate; they are likely related to hepatic
      biotransformation of VPA, which undergoes beta and omega-oxidation, and
      glucuronidation. While VPA-induced choleresis reflects the physiological osmotic
      effect of the glucuronide excreted in bile, the ultrastructural changes likely
      reflect interference by VPA with beta-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and
      temporary accumulation of transformation products in the mitochondrial matrix.

PMID- 6437963
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is not deficient in the brain of three autopsied
      cases with Leigh disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, SNE).
AB  - In autopsied brain tissue from three cases with Leigh disease (subacute
      necrotizing encephalomyelitis, SNE) and controls, the activity of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) was determined under different conditions. It was
      found to be at the control level or increased, but not deficient. The activities
      of succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, succinate cytochrome c reductase,
      cytochrome c oxidase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were measured as additional
      mitochondrial markers and showed no essential differences between SNE and control
      tissue. The metabolic defect in SNE remains unknown. According to the literature,
      the defect may be localized to the mitochondrial systems. However, the reported
      results indicate that it cannot be ascribed to PDHC function. Extensive
      biochemical studies are necessary for understanding of the pathogenesis in the
      fatal genetic metabolic disease.

PMID- 6437964
TI  - Genetic linkage between erythrokeratodermia variabilis and Rh locus.
AB  - A genetic linkage study was performed in a large Dutch kindred with
      erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV, McKusick no. 13320). The autosomal-dominant
      trait appeared to segregate rather consistently with the cde (r) gene complex of
      the Rh system. Only one recombinant was found amongst 27 informative individuals.
      Lod score calculations gave strong evidence for close linkage between the loci
      for EKV and Rh (with a maximum lod score of 5.55 at a recombination fraction of
      0.044).

PMID- 6437965
TI  - Fanconi anaemia cells are not uniformly deficient in unhooking of DNA interstrand
      crosslinks, induced by mitomycin C or 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA.
AB  - Fanconi anaemia (FA) cells are extremely sensitive to crosslinking agents, e.g.
      mitomycin C, but only moderately sensitive to trimethylpsoralen plus UVA.
      Evidence has been reported suggesting that there is a deficient DNA crosslink
      repair mechanism in FA cells, but others failed to confirm this conclusion using
      other methods and other crosslinking agents. We reinvestigated the mitomycin C
      and 8-methoxypsoralen crosslink repair in FA cells with a high sensitivity to
      mitomycin C. Although an essentially similar methodology was used to that
      previously described, no difference between the control and FA cell strains was
      observed, neither for mitomycin C- nor for 8-methoxypsoralen-induced crosslinks.

PMID- 6437966
TI  - Abnormalities of heart rate response in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 6437967
TI  - VK IIIb expression is altered in acquired and drug-induced
      hypogammaglobulinaemia.
AB  - The Kappa chain variable region subgroup restriction of immunoglobulin (Ig) from
      patients with acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, agammaglobulinaemia and drug
      induced immunosuppression has been studied. The percent of K chain-containing Ig
      which expresses the VK IIIb variable region sub-subgroup was determined with a
      previously characterized murine monoclonal anti-VK IIIb antibody. The VK IIIb sub
      subgroup percent was increased in sera from patients with idiopathic
      hypogammaglobulinaemia, as well as patients who became hypogammaglobulinaemic
      following immunosuppression. The implications of the results to the regulation of
      the human immune and autoimmune response are discussed.

PMID- 6437968
TI  - Detection of OKT6-positive cells (without visible Birbeck granules) in normal
      peripheral blood.
AB  - The specificity of a monoclonal antibody (OKT6) for peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold
      labelling. Some rare peripheral blood mononuclear cells (approximately 1%)
      expressed T6 antigen on their membrane surface, as determined by light microscopy
      and cytofluorometry. Electron microscopic examination of immunogold-labelled
      cells revealed that OKT6-positive cells were dendritic, lacking the Birbeck
      granules and expressed variable density of the membrane T6 antigen. The
      relationship of such cells with Langerhans' cells is discussed.

PMID- 6437969
TI  - Analysis of Ia-antigen(s) positive macrophages in experimental murine
      toxoplasmosis.
AB  - The present study has demonstrated marked increase in the relative percentage of
      Ia-positive macrophages among the peritoneal macrophage population(s) of BALB/c
      mice infected intraperitoneally with Toxoplasma gondii or when chronically
      infected mice were rechallenged with Toxoplasma. The observed increase in Ia
      positive peritoneal macrophage numbers coincided with the appearance of
      interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the sera of infected mice. The appearance of
      elevated serum IFN-gamma titer was a temporary event but the increased percentage
      of Ia-positive macrophages persisted. The data presented have documented that
      antigen-specific proliferation response of vigorously purified Toxoplasma
      sensitized T-cells is dependent upon Ia-bearing macrophages. This model is useful
      for future studies into various aspects of the interaction(s) between parasite
      antigens and Ia-antigen(s) at the macrophage surface for successful recognition
      of antigen-specific T-cells.

PMID- 6437970
TI  - Immunoselection screening methods for detection of the free heavy chains.
AB  - Immunoselection screening methods were developed for the detection of the free
      heavy chain determinants of biological fluids. The optimal sensitivity range of
      the electrosyneresis and electroimmunoassay type methods lies between 400 ng and
      2 micrograms/ml and between 3 micrograms and 1 mg/ml for immunoglobulins. The
      sensitive, relatively rapid and cheap variants of the procedure are suitable for
      the detection of "heavy chain diseases" and of heavy chain fragments.

PMID- 6437971
TI  - Transcription and translation dependent induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL
      2 receptors.
AB  - Our previous findings on the expression of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors have
      shown that under the influence of certain drugs, it was possible to dissociate IL
      2 production from the appearance of IL-2 receptors on human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBL). Therefore, we studied whether the induction of IL-2 receptors
      were transcription- or translation-dependent. Actinomycin D and puromycin
      inhibited the appearance of IL-2 receptors as well as the production of IL-2.
      Furthermore, both drugs also inhibited human PBL to enter the G1 phase of the
      cell cycle. Thus, these data suggested that both IL-2 production and the
      appearance of IL-2 receptors were dependent on transcription and translation in
      non-resting cells.

PMID- 6437972
TI  - Skin graft rejection and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to H-Y in an I
      Ab mutant.
AB  - Based on graft rejection in C57BL/6 and B10.A(4R), but not in B10.A mice, skin
      graft rejection and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to the male HY
      antigen were considered to be under the control of the "IBb" gene in the mouse H
      2 complex. These two phenomena were re-examined in the B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant strain
      [mutation in the A beta gene in IA leading to an alteration in Iab serologically
      detected specificities and the inability to generate cytotoxic T (Tc) cells to H
      Y]. In this study the bm12 mutant was shown to produce weak DTH responses to H-Y.
      By contrast, bm12 female mice were unable to reject male skin grafts unless they
      had received prior footpad priming of male spleen cells, when graft rejection
      occurred, albeit slowly. In C57BL/6 mice the response to the HY antigen therefore
      appears to be solely under the control of the IAb gene. In other strains,
      response/nonresponse is presumably dictated by the ability of IA/IE interactions
      to produce T-helper responses.

PMID- 6437973
TI  - Immune response to the H-X antigen on P815-X2. I. Recombinant inbred strain
      analysis and lack of effect of castration.
AB  - In a preceding report, the detection of an H-2-linked immune response to the H-Xd
      antigen on the P815-X2 mastocytoma was demonstrated by the significantly
      increased survival of (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 (B6D2F1) male hybrids (H-Xb) compared
      with female siblings (H-Xb/H-Xd) after injection with the histocompatible tumor
      (H-Xd). This interpretation was supported by the absence of this sex effect in
      reciprocal D2B6F1 hybrids (H-Xd and H-Xd/H-Xb). Additional findings presented in
      this paper support the conclusion that this sex effect is due to a true
      immunological response to H-Xd: (a) Reciprocal (DBA/2 X C57BL/6 H-2 mutant)F1
      hybrids, as well as D2B6F1, failed to exhibit the sex effect: (b) the
      demonstration of the sex effect in (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 and (BALB/c-H-2dm2 X
      DBA/2)F1 hybrids and in (C57BL/10 X DBA/2)F1 hybrids was consistent with the
      known H-X incompatibilities between the strains BALB/c and DBA/2 and C57BL/10 and
      DBA/2, respectively, previously demonstrated by skin grafting; and (c) the sex
      effect was not abrogated by castration of male B6D2F1 hybrids. Variability in the
      presence or absence of the sex effect was observed in various [recombinant inbred
      (RI) X DBA/2]F1 hybrids and may be attributed to the influence of a regulatory
      non-H-2 gene which is closely linked to the gene coding for mouse kidney-androgen
      regulated protein (KAP) but androgen-independent, or to variability in
      inheritance of the H-Xb allele among the RI lines. It is proposed that the P815
      X2 model may be utilized to type RI lines derived from a cross between C57BL/6
      and DBA/2 for their H-X genotypes.

PMID- 6437974
TI  - Recombination between kappa chain genetic markers in the mouse.
AB  - In this study we report the first instance of recombination between kappa chain
      genetic markers in the mouse. The recombination frequency, 0.45% (95% limits,
      0.12-1.61), is similar to that previously found for recombination between the
      kappa chain locus and the Lyt-2,3 locus (0.3%, 95% limits, 0.05-1.6), but is
      relatively low in comparison with that found at the heavy chain locus (0.41
      5.4%). Lyt-2,3-typing of the recombinants permits a partial ordering of the kappa
      chain and Lyt-2,3 loci as (Lyt-2,3, Igk-Ef1) - Igk-Ef2. Light chains controlled
      by the two kappa markers include the Vk-(ser) subgroup (controlled by Igk-Ef1)
      and Vk-1 (controlled by Igk-Ef2). One of the recombinants has been recovered in a
      homozygous state ("NAK") and should be suitable for Vk gene mapping studies.

PMID- 6437975
TI  - Selective reversal of H-2 linked genetic unresponsiveness to lysozymes. I. Non-H
      2 gene(s) closely linked to the Ir-2 locus on chromosome 2 permit(s) an
      antilysozyme response in H-2b mice.
AB  - Genes outside of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H-2) were found to
      be capable of specifically reversing the previously described nonresponsiveness
      to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) owing to H-2b immune response (Ir) genes. C3H.SW,
      BALB.B, and C57L, all of the H-2b haplotype, showed responsiveness to HEL, but
      not to human lysozyme (HUL). Mapping of the reversing gene(s) was attempted by
      testing H-2b recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice carrying C3H, BALB, and C57L
      non-H-2 genes. Analysis of the strain distribution pattern of responsiveness with
      both CXB and BXH RI strains was consistent with the location of the responsible
      site within the H-3 region on chromosome 2. The anti-HEL proliferative
      responsiveness in two H-3 congenic strains of mice, B10.C(28NX)SN and B10.C-H-3cH
      3a, that have BALB/c genes within the H-3 region confirmed the mapping, as well
      as localized the reversing gene(s) near the Ir-2 gene. The data are discussed
      with regard to the site of expression of the reversing gene(s) and its mechanism
      of action.

PMID- 6437976
TI  - Polymorphism of heavy chain immunoglobulin isotypes in the Mus subgenus. I.
      Limited gamma 3 polymorphism revealed by antibodies raised in SPE wild-derived
      inbred strain.

PMID- 6437977
TI  - Central and peripheral autonomic mechanisms involved in the circulatory actions
      of methyldopa.
AB  - Intracisternal (i.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration of methyldopa in
      conscious rabbits produced closely similar changes in hemodynamics, heart rate,
      and falls in plasma norepinephrine levels. Two weeks after giving i.c. 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), when there is widespread destruction of central
      noradrenergic neurons, the effects of i.c. methyldopa virtually were abolished.
      This suggests that noradrenergic neurons are the major central site of
      biotransformation into active metabolites. The circulatory and norepinephrine
      effects of i.v. methyldopa were attenuated but not completely abolished after
      giving i.c. 6-OHDA. Hence, in the rabbit about 70% of the action of methyldopa
      was central and about 30% was peripheral in the human therapeutic range of
      methyldopa concentrations. Preliminary lesion experiments suggest that the A5
      nucleus plays an important role in the bradycardia. Two weeks after giving 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) to destroy serotonergic (5HT) neurons the effects
      of i.c. methyldopa on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were attenuated
      to approximately 50% of control effects. Therefore, some of the central effects
      of methyldopa apparently are mediated through 5HT pathways. We also compared the
      effects of i.c. methyldopa with those of i.c. clonidine (an alpha 2-adrenergic
      receptor agonist) and with the effects of transmitter release from the endings of
      noradrenergic and 5HT neurons during the first few hours after either 6-OHDA or
      5,6-DHT administration. Our findings suggest that after biotransformation of
      methyldopa its active metabolites increase the activity of the bulbospinal
      noradrenergic neurons that control MAP and heart rate and reduce the activity of
      bulbospinal 5HT neurons.

PMID- 6437978
TI  - A study on Phlebotomus argentipes, Annandale and Brunetti; in Surat District,
      Gujarat State (India).

PMID- 6437979
TI  - Chemical and biological characterization of a gonococcal growth inhibitor
      produced by Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from urogenital flora.
AB  - The purified antigonococcal substance produced by Staphylococcus haemolyticus no.
      7 has shown a broad antigonococcal spectrum and a narrow antibacterial spectrum.
      The inhibitor produced in vitro was also active in the guinea pig subcutaneous
      chamber. The inhibitor has shown hemolytic activity; the human, horse, and mouse
      erythrocytes were the most susceptible. Hemolytic and antigonococcal activities
      were inhibited in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. The amino acid composition
      of the antigonococcal substance was characterized by the absence of proline,
      tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, and tryptophan. The molecular weight was found to
      be 2,565, and the major isoelectric points were 4.8 and 4.9 in the presence of 8
      M urea and 4.6 without urea. The inhibitor has some properties similar to those
      of the delta toxin of Staphylococcus aureus, although the two substances are
      different based mainly on their chemical characteristics. Also an antiserum
      directed against the gonococcal inhibitor did not give a precipitation line with
      the delta toxin, indicating that the two substances are antigenically unrelated.

PMID- 6437980
TI  - Mechanisms of invasion and replication of the intracellular stage in Trypanosoma
      cruzi.
AB  - Amastigotes obtained from spleens of mice infected with different strains of
      Trypanosoma cruzi were examined for their ability to invade macrophages and L929
      cells and to initiate infection in mice. Both types of cells were readily invaded
      by organisms of the strains Y, MR, and Tulahuen. Organisms of the CL strain were
      taken up by both types of cells at a rate that was significantly lower than that
      for organisms of the other strains. However, all strains multiplied
      intracellularly. Activated macrophages inhibited the replication of intracellular
      organisms. Treatment of normal macrophages with cytochalasin B, trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, or pronase significantly inhibited phagocytosis, but the inhibitory
      effect was reversible. Mice injected with spleen amastigotes developed
      parasitemia and died of the infection. These results demonstrate that spleen
      amastigotes are able to infect, survive, and replicate within professional and
      nonprofessional phagocytes and to initiate infection in vivo. Interiorization of
      spleen amastigotes is by phagocytosis and is dependent upon a protease-sensitive
      receptor(s) on the cell surfaces of host macrophages.

PMID- 6437981
TI  - Antigenic S-type lipopolysaccharide of Brucella abortus 1119-3.
AB  - Antigenic phenol-phase soluble lipopolysaccharide isolated from Brucella abortus
      1119-3 by hot phenol-water extraction was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, controlled hydrolysis, periodate oxidation,
      methylation, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies to be an S-type
      lipopolysaccharide which could be cleaved to yield a lipid A and an O-chain
      polysaccharide identified as an unbranched linear homopolymer of 1,2-linked 4,6
      dideoxy-4-formamido-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues. The serological reactivity
      of bovine antiserum to B. abortus 1119-3 with the lipopolysaccharides of Yersinia
      enterocolitica serotype O:9 and Vibrio cholerae species has now been related to
      the occurrence of 1,2-linked N-acylated 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D
      mannopyranosyl units in the O-chain polysaccharides of their lipopolysaccharides.

PMID- 6437982
TI  - Serological confirmation of Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 O
      antigens by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibodies that bind the O-antigens of Yersinia enterocolitica
      serotype O:9 and Brucella abortus 1119-3 were generated after immunization of
      BALB/c mice with killed, whole cells. Highly purified lipopolysaccharide
      preparations from each organism were used to screen for antigen-specific
      antibodies. Immunization with B. abortus cells induced 56 antigen-specific
      hybrids, and 10 of the highest antibody-producing clones were selected for
      further study. Seven of these clones secreted immunoglobulin G, and three
      secreted immunoglobulin M antibodies. Immunization with Y. enterocolitica cells
      resulted after fusion in 76 antigen-specific hybrid cell lines; from these, seven
      immunoglobulin G-secreting clones were selected for study. The serological cross
      reactivity of the B. abortus and Y. enterocolitica O-antigens was established by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoprecipitation, and agglutination tests
      with the monoclonal antibodies induced by each bacterium. This serological cross
      reactivity is consistent with the structural identity of the two O-antigens
      established by chemical analysis.

PMID- 6437983
TI  - Development of a Neisseria meningitidis group B serotype 2b protein vaccine and
      evaluation in a mouse model.
AB  - Although serotype 2 remains the predominant cause of group B Neisseria
      meningitidis disease in many parts of the world, most cases of this disease are
      now due to serotype 2b rather than 2a. For this reason, we adapted the serotype
      2a vaccine method of C. E. Frasch and M. S. Peppler (Infect. Immun. 37:271-280,
      1982) to the production of a serotype 2b protein vaccine. A spontaneously
      occurring nonencapsulated mutant of the group B serotype 2b strain 3006 was
      obtained by selection on group B antiserum agar. Serotype 2b outer membrane
      protein vaccines were prepared with less than 1% lipoplysaccharide contamination.
      The immunogenicity of these vaccines was evaluated in mice in the presence and
      absence of meningococcal group B and group C capsular polysaccharides. The group
      B and group C polysaccharides equally potentiated the antibody response to the
      serotype 2b protein. Addition of aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate
      markedly improved the antibody response to the serotype 2b protein, but aluminum
      hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines consistently elicited higher antibody levels.
      Aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed serotype 2a and 2b protein vaccines were evaluated
      for induction of cross-protective bactericidal antibodies. The 2a vaccines were
      2a specific, whereas the 2b vaccines elicited antibodies strongly bactericidal
      for both 2a and 2b meningococcal strains and protected against bacteremia in a
      mouse model. It may therefore be possible to provide protection against both 2a
      and 2b disease by using an aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed protein vaccine containing
      a single serotype 2 protein component.

PMID- 6437984
TI  - Processing of Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan by a mouse macrophage cell line.
AB  - It has previously been established that muramyl dipeptide (N-acetylmuramyl-L
      alanyl-D-isoglutamine) is an effective immunostimulant whose primary target cell
      type is the macrophage. Muramyl dipeptide is known to be structurally identical
      to a portion of the monomer unit of peptidoglycan, a nearly ubiquitous component
      of bacterial cell walls. To establish whether muramyl dipeptide or glycopeptides
      structurally related to it are formed as a result of macrophage processing of
      peptidoglycan, Bacillus subtilis cell walls radiolabeled in the muramic acid,
      glucosamine, and alanine residues of the constituent peptidoglycan were incubated
      in the presence of the cultured macrophage-like cell line RAW264, and the
      glycopeptides which released into the medium were fractionated and analyzed.
      Although muramyl dipeptide was not found in the culture medium, at least three
      glycopeptides structurally related to it were found, namely GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala
      isoGln-Dap-Ala, GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala-isoGln-Dap, and GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala-isoGln.

PMID- 6437985
TI  - Inflammation triggers hypoferremia and de novo synthesis of serum transferrin and
      ceruloplasmin in mice.
AB  - Oil of turpentine was used to induce an artificial inflammation so that we could
      study its effect on iron metabolism and on synthesis of serum transferrin and
      ceruloplasmin in mice. It was found that turpentine-induced inflammation
      triggered the establishment of a hypoferremic state characterized by low levels
      of serum iron, followed by recovery and a gradual return to normal plasma iron
      levels. This turpentine-induced hypoferremia and its subsequent recovery
      paralleled the hypoferremia obtained during meningococcal infection. Moreover,
      serum transferrin and ceruloplasmin activity levels increased drastically during
      the recovery from hypoferremia. [14C]leucine incorporation studies revealed a de
      novo synthesis of both transferrin and ceruloplasmin. Turpentine-induced
      hypoferremia was also found to provide a protective effect against meningococcal
      infection which could be partially reversed by exogenous iron. The results of
      this study suggest that transferrin and ceruloplasmin may be synthesized partly
      in response to the altered iron metabolism observed during hypoferremia.

PMID- 6437986
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced hydrocephalus in hamsters.
AB  - Hydrocephalus was induced in neonatal hamsters after intracerebral inoculation of
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Examination of the ependyma from affected animals by
      electron microscopy did not reveal mycoplasma. However, in an ependymal organ
      culture system, M. pneumoniae cytadsorbed to ependymal cells.

PMID- 6437987
TI  - Single locus in BXH-2 mice responsible for inability to control early
      proliferation of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - The inability of the BXH-2 recombinant inbred strain to limit proliferation of
      Trypanosoma cruzi during the first 2 weeks after infection was found to be
      controlled by a single locus difference between the BXH-2 strain and each of its
      parental strains: C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J. In both cases, the inability to limit
      parasite proliferation acted like a recessive trait. The loci in the C3H and
      C57BL/6 strains appear to be identical since all F2 mice derived from these
      strains displayed the early control trait. A mutation is thus likely to have
      occurred in the derivation of the BXH-2 strain. The provisional designation Crz
      has been given to the locus in the BXH-2 strain that is responsible for its
      failure to control early proliferation of T. cruzi. The Crz locus is distinct
      from the lpr gene which has also been associated with increased levels of
      parasitemia early in the course of the infection.

PMID- 6437988
TI  - Human opsonins to meningococci after vaccination.
AB  - Two groups of volunteers were immunized with either a serogroup A plus C
      meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine or a combined serogroup B polysaccharide
      serotype 2 protein vaccine. Serum opsonin responses were measured by
      chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to opsonized live
      meningococci. Two of the six volunteers immunized with the A plus C vaccine had
      an increase in serum opsonins to group A meningococci, four responded to group C
      meningococci, and none to group B meningococci. Five other volunteers who were
      immunized with the combined group B polysaccharide-serotype 2 protein vaccine
      responded with an increase in serum opsonins to group B meningococci of two
      different protein serotypes, as well as to a group C-serotype 2 meningococcal
      strain. Although no booster effect was observed after a second dose of the
      combined vaccine, both the polysaccharide and the protein components appear to be
      able to stimulate an opsonin response.

PMID- 6437989
TI  - Adherence of Bordetella bronchiseptica to hamster lung fibroblasts.
AB  - The adherence of Bordetella bronchiseptica smooth-, intermediate-, and rough
      phase isolates to hamster lung fibroblasts (HLF) (Don line) was characterized by
      competitive inhibition studies and enzyme and chemical treatments of both the
      bacteria and the HLF. The adherence of the rough- and intermediate-phase isolates
      (n = 13) was altered by coincubation of the bacteria and HLF with cationic
      chelators, including EGTA and citrate. EGTA inhibition of the adherence of the
      rough- and intermediate-phase isolates could be overcome by the addition of Ca2+,
      Mn2+, Cd2+, or Sr2+ to the reaction mixture. In addition, citrate released bound
      bacteria from the HLF. Although the adherence of the smooth-phase isolates (n =
      4) was unaltered by cationic chelators, binding was inhibited by N-acetylated
      amino sugars, with N-acetylglucosamine inhibiting 98% of the adherence of the
      smooth-phase isolates. Homogenization, protease K, and heat treatment (60 min, 60
      degrees C) of the bacteria also resulted in a loss of adherence. It was concluded
      that B. bronchiseptica can adhere to HLF by at least two mechanisms and that the
      ligand responsible appears to be a proteinacious, heat labile cell surface
      component.

PMID- 6437990
TI  - Immunity against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice correlates with
      presence of antibodies against three trypomastigote polypeptides.
AB  - Repeated immunizations of CF1 mice with irradiated noninfectious Trypanosoma
      cruzi trypomastigotes resulted in partial protection against infection with live
      parasites. It also induced a limited number of antibody species that were
      reactive in Western blots with trypomastigote but not with epimastigote or
      amastigote polypeptides. These antibody species were strongly reactive with a
      100,000-dalton polypeptide and much less reactive with at least two polypeptides
      greater than 200,000 daltons. Immunization with epimastigotes induced antibodies
      against a 57,000-dalton epimastigote-specific polypeptide but did not induce
      protective immunity.

PMID- 6437991
TI  - Comparative studies on tree pollen allergens. VIII. Immunological properties of
      the alder (Alnus incana) pollen extract.
AB  - The immunological properties of the aqueous crude alder pollen extract (AI crude)
      and gel filtration fractions AI 3, AI 4 and AI 34 (pool of fractions AI 3 and AI
      4) were examined by immuno- and radioimmuno-electrophoretic techniques, RAST
      titration, RAST inhibition and skin prick tests (SPT). In CIE, the AI crude
      extract and AI 34 displayed reference precipitate patterns consisting of 27 and
      24 visible Coomassie brilliant blue stained lines, respectively. The CRIE
      allergogram performed by incubation with 18 individual reaginic sera detected
      three IgE-binding antigens characterized by different IgE-binding properties.
      Antigen No. 7 (Ag 7) was demonstrated to be the major IgE antibody-binding
      antigen of alder pollen, while Ag 1 and Ag 11 were classified as intermediate
      allergens. The allergens of alder pollen were located in fractions AI 3 and AI 4
      of the gel filtration chromatogram. Ag 7 was present in both fractions as
      demonstrated by FRIE with autoradiography (FRIEWA) on the gel filtration
      fractions and tandem-CRIE of AI 3 and AI 4. The CRIE allergogram, RAST, RAST
      inhibition and SPT demonstrated fraction AI 34 to be allergenically
      representative of the AI crude extract both qualitatively and quantitatively.
      Thus, fraction AI 34 was considered an optimal purified allergen extract of alder
      pollen, a suitable material for further biochemical characterization and trials
      on purification of the allergenic reactive antigens.

PMID- 6437992
TI  - Adoptive immune therapy in mice bearing poorly immunogenic metastases, using T
      lymphocytes stimulated in vitro against highly immunogenic mutant sublines.
AB  - MDW3, a highly immunogenic and non-tumorigenic (tum-) mutant of the poorly
      immunogenic metastatic murine tumor called MDAY-D2, has been employed in an
      immune therapy scheme for the treatment of widespread established visceral MDAY
      D2 metastases in syngeneic mice. MDW3 was selected from a mutagenized population
      of MDAY-D2 cells for the ability to grow in the presence of toxic concentrations
      of wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) in vitro. The mutant expresses a common tumor
      associated antigen (TAA) present on MDAY-D2 as well as a new antigen whose
      presence enhances the anti-TAA cell-mediated immune response in vivo and in mixed
      lymphocyte tumor cultures (MLTC) in vitro. For immune therapy, spleen cells from
      DBA/2 mice which had rejected an inoculum of MDW3 cells were restimulated in MLTC
      and injected i.v. into MDAY-D2 tumor-bearing mice. Two protocols were used. In
      the first, mice were given an i.v. injection of 10(3) MDAY-D2 cells ("artificial
      metastasis") and subsequently treated with 400 R whole-body irradiation and MDW3
      stimulated T cells. Such mice had a 75% long-term survival rate, whereas 400 R
      alone, or no treatment, resulted in 25% and 0% long-term survivors, respectively.
      In the second protocol, treatment of mice bearing a 12-day-old subcutaneous MDAY
      D2 tumor by surgical removal of the solid tumor, 400 R whole-body irradiation,
      and systemic administration of MDW3-stimulated spleen cells, resulted in a 75
      100% survival rate, whereas omitting any part of the treatment resulted in 0-50%
      survival rates. The treatment increased splenic anti-TAA CTL activity, and the
      mice acquired immunity against the new antigen on MDW3, suggesting that the
      injected lymphocytes were proliferating in the host. The optimal combination of
      resection, whole-body irradiation and passive infusion of MDW3-stimulated spleen
      cells was ineffective when used on mice bearing a tumor-antigen-loss variant of
      MDAY-D2, suggesting that success of our immune therapy protocol required specific
      recognition of the tumor-associated antigen of MDAY-D2.

PMID- 6437993
TI  - Hemodynamic equivalence of automated nitroglycerin- and nitroprusside-infusions
      combined with dobutamine for augmentation of cardiac output in patients following
      aorta coronary bypass-operation.
AB  - In low-output cardiac failure with hypertension developing early after
      aortocoronary surgery, the currently preferred vasodilators nitroglycerin and
      nitroprusside proved to be equally successful and safe for the closed-loop
      control of mean arterial pressure. With NP- and NTG-induced MAP reduction to the
      present level of 80 mm Hg cardiac index increased similarly from 2.0 +/- 0.35 to
      2.4 +/- 0.3 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.05) and from 1.9 +/- 0.29 to 2.2 +/- 0.26
      l/min/m2 (p less than 0.05), respectively. Once adequate blood pressure fall was
      obtained, the addition of dobutamine at 6 micrograms/kg/min resulted under
      maintenance doses of NP and NTG averaging 1.6 +/- 0.4 and 4.6 +/- 1.8
      micrograms/kg/min, respectively. A further improvement of cardiac performance
      manifested itself by cardiac index rise to 3.4 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 (p less than
      0.005) and 3.3 +/- 0.3 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001), respectively. The NP-Db and
      NTG-Db regimens induced comparable reductions of rate - pressure-products
      reflecting a decrease of myocardial oxygen demands and facilitation of myocardial
      work.

PMID- 6437994
TI  - Augmentation of natural cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid
      cells by aloctin A.
AB  - The levels of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity could be augmented by
      administration of Aloctin A (Alo A), a lectin having anti-tumor activity. i.v.
      administration of Alo A induced augmentation of cytotoxicity by spleen cells and
      by peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). On the other hand, i.p. administration of Alo
      A induced augmentation of cytotoxicity by PEC but not by spleen cells. The
      effector cells seemed to be natural killer cells.

PMID- 6437995
TI  - Drugs in the Spanish health system.
AB  - This paper presents data on drug consumption in Spain, analyzed from a cultural
      as well as from a medical point of view. The overuse of medicines is an economic
      rather than a pharmaceutical problem, and the main characteristic of drug use in
      Spain seems to be the misuse of pharmacologic therapeutic strategies. Four
      factors which influence the quantity and quality of drug consumption are
      identified and analyzed: 1) the structure of the primary health care system, 2)
      general requirements for marketing drugs and the characteristics of
      pharmaceutical supply, 3) information about drugs used by health professionals,
      and 4) development and activities--pre-graduate teaching and continuing education
      -in the field of clinical pharmacology. Some recent activities in this area are
      also presented. These are intended as a contribution to the development of
      clinical pharmacology with the aim of turning benefit-risk ratios to the side of
      the benefit, through the promotion of a more rational drug therapy.

PMID- 6437996
TI  - Thromboembolism in patients with the lupus anticoagulant.

PMID- 6437997
TI  - New insights into the drug treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6437998
TI  - Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible.
AB  - The medical care of patients with diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) of the
      mandible has been unsatisfactory. The main reasons for this have been
      insufficient knowledge of the disease and its natural history, difficulties in
      establishing the correct diagnosis, and the unknown etiology. The clinical
      features and natural history of the disease were studied by means of repeated
      radiographic and scintigraphic recordings. The biopsy technique was improved by
      using a slowly rotating coarse trepan bur. Histological and enzyme histochemical
      investigations were performed for determination of the histopathological
      diagnosis. Orthopantomograms in combination with intraoral views and 99mTc
      scintigraphy were used for the radiographic diagnosis and follow-up studies.
      Bacteriological and serological investigations were performed in attempt to
      clarify the obscure etiology. The occurrence in the patients' sera of antibodies
      to antigens prepared from cultured bacteria was studied. ASTA, IgM, IgG, and IgA
      were determined and lymphocyte stimulation tests were performed. The
      investigations made it possible to distinguish DSO as a separate entity with
      rather characteristic clinical, histological and radiographic features. The
      histological diagnosis was facilitated by an improved biopsy technique and enzyme
      histochemical recordings. Different rather unspecific tissue reactions were
      together found to form a pattern which was strongly indicative of DSO. The
      radiographic and scintigraphic investigations gave valuable findings which
      increased the diagnostic accuracy and improved the prognostic and therapeutic
      judgements. The bacteriological and serological investigations indicated that
      propionibacterium acnes and peptostreptococcus intermedius were of etiological
      importance but could not explain the chronicity of the disease. The results of
      the different investigations gave a better understanding of DSO and made it
      possible to provide more appropriate care for patients in different stages of the
      disease. Long-term antibiotic therapy was found to have a positive influence on
      the course of the disease in its early stages, while cortisone therapy, and
      sometimes decortication, were found to be more effective in chronic stages.

PMID- 6437999
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws.
AB  - A review of the literature on treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws
      shows that hyperbaric oxygen is often recommended as an adjunct in treatment of
      this disease. Definite criteria to indicate this treatment and to evaluate the
      results have not been reported. The results of hyperbaric oxygen treatment of
      chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws in 16 patients are presented. In contrast to
      the good results reported in the literature, only 7 of our patients could be
      considered as cured. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Our results,
      as well as the data from the literature, indicate that a combined antibiotic and
      surgical approach is the treatment of choice in chronic suppurative
      osteomyelitis. However, in chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and in
      patients in whom decortication and antibiotic therapy have failed, hyperbaric
      oxygen treatment in combination with antibiotics and surgery seems to be
      indicated.

PMID- 6438000
TI  - Follow-up investigation of palatal closure by means of a one-layer cranially
      based vomer-flap.
AB  - The relatively seldom-used technique of a single-layer cranially based vomer-flap
      for the primary closure of a hard cleft palate has been demonstrated. 25
      unilateral cleft lip and palate cases, carefully selected in the age group 6 to
      20 years, were examined. 3 different methods of analysing these cases were used
      in order to determine the dysgnathia incidence. The results of these 3 analyses
      were compared and a comparison was also made between the other types of hard
      palatal closures. The results were in favour of the above-mentioned technique,
      where relatively small growth disturbances, thus a small dysgnathia incidence,
      and few oronasal fistulas occurred. Interesting spin-off results regarding the
      influence of the orthodontic treatment, the type of technique for lip closure,
      and the articulated speech function, are briefly mentioned.

PMID- 6438001
TI  - Replacement of the pathological temporomandibular articular disc using autogenous
      cartilage of the external ear.
AB  - The technique and results of replacement of the articular disc by autogenous
      aural cartilage are presented. Out of 7 patients operated with a follow-up longer
      than 6 months, 5 have markedly improved. The cartilage seems to remain vital. It
      is concluded that this procedure may be indicated in patients with dysfunction
      and/or apparent damage of the disc. However, it is difficult in some cases to
      base the indication on more than circumstantial evidence.

PMID- 6438002
TI  - Tobacco smoking and denture wearing as local aetiological factors in median
      rhomboid glossitis.
AB  - The importance of tobacco smoking and denture wearing in the aetiology of median
      rhomboid glossitis (MRG) has been evaluated in 39 patients. Significantly more of
      the MRG patients (85%) smoked tobacco compared with the corresponding proportion
      (41%) of the 39 healthy age-and sex-matched control subjects. Their tobacco
      consumption was also heavier. A significantly greater proportion of the MRG
      patients wore their dentures continuously compared with the controls. The number
      of MRG patients who were both tobacco smokers and denture wearers was
      significantly increased above that of the control group, as was the number who
      both smoked and wore dentures continuously. Only 1 patient neither smoked nor
      wore dentures and she was taking an antidepressant (imipramine hydrochloride)
      with a reported association with oral candidosis. It is suggested that these
      local factors may play a part in the development of MRG by favouring the local
      proliferation of Candida albicans on the dorsum of the tongue. Although
      conservative or surgical treatment may provide relief, management should also
      include attention to possible predisposing local factors.

PMID- 6438003
TI  - Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from oral surgical outpatients
      compared to isolates from hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals.
AB  - In 160 patients, 114 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from gingival
      mucosa, saliva, throat and nose. The patients were divided into 4 groups: one
      group from an oral surgery clinic for outpatients, one group from a dental
      clinic, one group from a general surgery clinic for inpatients and one group from
      a clinic for chronically ill and aged patients. The highest frequency of
      staphylococcal carriers was found in the outpatient groups (oral surgery and
      dental clinic), 55% and 45%, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing
      revealed the majority of the strains to be penicillin resistant, but sensitive to
      isoxazolyl-penicillins, clindamycin and lincomycin. 50% of the strains produced
      penicillinase. About 90% of all strains produced lipase, nuclease and a
      haemolysin most active on rabbit erythrocytes. Human and sheep erythrocytes were
      lysed by 70% and 46% of the strains, respectively. 77% of the strains were
      bacteriolytic active. No strain produced lecitinase or elastase. No significant
      difference was found between the 4 groups in the formation of any of these
      factors. Phage-type I and III dominated but there was no correlation to enzyme
      production or patient groups. Thus the 4 patient groups were colonized with
      strains of Staphylococcus aureus that showed mainly the same pathogenetic
      factors.

PMID- 6438004
TI  - Tooth ankylosis. Clinical, radiographic and histological assessments.
AB  - Ankylosis is a serious condition for the affected teeth as such teeth form part
      of the remodelling process of the alveolar bone and are therefore progressively
      resorbed. There are, however, very few clinical studies on tooth ankylosis and
      the reason for this may be due to the difficulties that are encountered in the
      diagnosis of minor areas of ankylosis. In the present study, the radiographs,
      percussion sound and mobility of experimentally extracted and replanted monkey
      incisors were compared with a morphometric histological study of ankylosis.
      Ankylotic areas were evident radiographically when the ankylosis was located on
      the proximal surfaces of the root, but were not evident when the ankylosis
      occurred on the lingual and labial surfaces. The percussion sound was dull and
      the mobility normal in all non-ankylotic teeth as well as in those teeth which
      histologically demonstrated ankylosis on less than 10% of the root surface. When
      the ankylosis affected 10-20% of the root surface, 2 out of 4 teeth changed their
      percussion sound from dull to high and these teeth no longer possessed normal
      mobility. When more than 20% of the root surface was affected with ankylosis, the
      percussion sound was characteristically high in all teeth and no mobility was
      present.

PMID- 6438005
TI  - Panoramic zonography in the diagnosis of the maxillary sinus disease.
AB  - Panoramic zonography (curved rotational tomography) provides a new exact X-ray
      method with low radiation doses for the visualization of the maxillary antral
      diseases. In general, changes of the maxillary sinusitis were better demonstrated
      in zonography than in Water's view.

PMID- 6438006
TI  - Effects of water and saline irrigation during bone cutting on bone healing.
AB  - The healing of standardized bony defects prepared in the mandibles of 24 vervet
      monkeys with a rotating bur uncooled, or cooled with saline or water, was
      studied. The experiment showed no difference in healing after 56 days
      irrespective of the coolant used or whether the bone was cut with or without a
      cooling agent.

PMID- 6438007
TI  - Injury to developing canines as a complication of intranasal antrostomy. Report
      of a case.
AB  - A case is presented in which a 7-year-old boy had an intranasal antrostomy made,
      during which operation both developing permanent canines were injured. Despite
      complete resection of the roots, both canines erupted normally, supporting recent
      experimental studies of the eruption mechanism which suggested the importance of
      the tooth follicle instead of root growth as the essential mechanism for tooth
      eruption. Methods to prevent damage to permanent tooth germs during intranasal
      osteotomy are described.

PMID- 6438008
TI  - Odontogenic myxoma.
AB  - The odontogenic myxoma is a relatively rare benign tumor occurring in the jaws.
      When the lesion is large and when presenting in a difficult location, aggressive
      initial therapy affords the most successful outcome. Histologic, radiographic and
      behavioral characteristics of this rather persistent tumor are briefly reviewed
      and an approach to diagnosis and definitive treatment of a large maxillary
      odontogenic myxoma is presented.

PMID- 6438009
TI  - Sialadenoma papilliferum. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Sialadenoma papilliferum is a rare salivary gland neoplasm. This report describes
      a recurring lesion, discusses the pathology of this tumour and reviews the
      available literature.

PMID- 6438010
TI  - Detection of biocytin in urine of children with congenital biotinidase
      deficiency.
AB  - The possible excretion of biocytin or biotinyl-peptides was investigated in
      urines of children with congenital biotinidase deficiency. Treatment of urine
      samples of affected children with normal plasma (as source of biotinidase)
      liberated additional free biotin (L. plantarum assay), indicating the presence of
      biotinyl-compounds. Using thin-layer chromatography the occurrence of biocytin
      was demonstrated in all urine samples of the affected children. In contrast, no
      biocytin could be detected in urines of healthy subjects.

PMID- 6438011
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection-evidences of amphixenosis.
AB  - In the present investigation many of the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from
      human beings, poultry and pigs fell in the same aeruginocine type. Aeruginocine
      A1 of Ps. aeruginosa was isolated from pigs and also from one of the pig
      attendants on the farm. Majority of the strains of Ps. aeruginosa of the same
      aeruginocine type also exhibited similar drug sensitivity patterns. The organism
      appeared to be polyphagous in nature and infection with this agent may be
      considered as amphixenosis.

PMID- 6438012
TI  - Etiology of cataracts in diabetics.

PMID- 6438013
TI  - Multiple meningiomas diagnosed by computed tomography.
AB  - This paper reports 11 cases of multiple meningioma diagnosed by CT in the three
      year period 1980 to 1983. The pathogenetic problems raised by one case in which
      von Recklinghausen disease was associated are discussed.

PMID- 6438014
TI  - Effects of early nutritional support in patients with abdominal trauma.
AB  - A randomized study was initiated to assess the benefit of early nutritional
      support in patients with abdominal trauma. To date 18 patients (8 control, 10
      enterally fed) have been entered in this study. The controls underwent
      conventional nutritional treatment. The enterally fed group received constant
      infusion of a defined diet by needle catheter jejunostomy. The infusion of
      nutritional support was started at 12 hours postoperatively reaching 3000
      kcal/day (1 kcal/min) within 72 hours. After 7 days of treatment the nutritional
      assessment in the enterally fed group was the following: serum albumin 3.47 +/-
      15 to 3.54 +/- 0.10 g%; transferrin 219 +/- 8 to 233 +/- 11 mg%; nitrogen balance
      -7.8 to + 2.9 g/day. Septic complications occurred in 10% (1/10) of patients. The
      control group gave the following results: negative nitrogen balance (-10.9 to 
      6.5 g/day); decreased serum albumin (3.44 +/- 0.1 to 3.22 +/- 0.1 g%) and
      transferrin levels (215 +/- 9 to 208 +/- 10 mg%). Septic complications occurred
      in 25% (2/8) of patients. These data suggest: a) early nutritional support
      decreases the incidence of septic complications and improves the value of
      nutritional markers in patients with abdominal trauma; b) nutritional infusion by
      catheter jejunostomy might be safely started at 12 hours postoperatively.

PMID- 6438015
TI  - First full blown syndrome of acute zinc deficiency in course of long term total
      parenteral nutrition: a clinical case.
AB  - The case of a surgical patient with a full blown syndrome of zinc deficiency is
      presented and the various implications related to a deficiency of this trace
      mineral are discussed. The symptomatology involved mental depression, visual
      disturbances, glucose intolerance, decreased serum alkaline phosphatase levels,
      wound healing impairment, eczematoid dermatitis and reduced humoral and cellular
      immune defences. Oral supplementation with zinc sulphate dramatically reversed
      the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and resulted in rapid wound healing. This
      case seems to have exhibited most of the different signs and symptoms reported
      from time to time in the literature. Awareness of zinc deficiency is being
      brought to light in many medical and surgical conditions. Total parenteral
      nutrition (T.P.N.) can exacerbate the lack of this trace metal and
      supplementation with fresh blood derivate are, as demonstrated, useless in these
      cases. Zinc, as component of various metalloenzymes, accounts for the clinical
      manifestations of its deficiency.

PMID- 6438016
TI  - The use of intraoperative oesophagoscopy in oesophageal diverticula: a report of
      two cases.
AB  - Two cases of oesophageal pouches previously operated on the neck and treated
      surgically employing intraoperative oesophagoscopy are reported. The usefulness
      of this method is discussed.

PMID- 6438017
TI  - Efficacy of TPN in cirrhotic patients with bleeding esophageal varices .
AB  - The efficacy of TPN was evaluated in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension
      and bleeding esophageal varices. Two groups of patients were studied: the first
      group underwent routine treatment and the second group was treated with TPN both
      pre-and postoperatively. Metabolic humoral parameters (proteins, electrolytes,
      gas levels) as well as specific nutritional parameters (anthropometric values,
      immune state, nitrogen balance) of the two groups were compared. The most
      suitable parenteral nutrition is assessed in cases where the cirrhotic patient
      shows a severe encephalopathy.

PMID- 6438018
TI  - Should age be a criterion in health care?

PMID- 6438019
TI  - Ensuring care, respect, and fairness for the elderly.

PMID- 6438020
TI  - Ironies and tensions in feeding the dying.

PMID- 6438021
TI  - The organizational effectiveness paradigm in health care management.

PMID- 6438022
TI  - [Usefulness of commercial culture media for gonococcal diagnosis in general
      practice. Comparative study of various test systems].
AB  - In comparative investigations under standardized conditions, the gonococcus
      culture systems distributed by Miles GmbH, Orion Diagnostica GmbH, and Rohm
      Pharma GmbH were examined with regard to their usefulness for cultural diagnosis
      of gonorrhea in general practice. It was shown that because of substantial
      imperfections Microcult GC (Miles) is not suitable for the diagnosis of
      gonorrhea. Since microorganisms were grown on Biocult (Orion) and Gono-Nahrboden
      (Rohm) which may cause a false-positive diagnosis, as well as microorganisms that
      may cause a false-negative diagnosis, these products are only of limited value
      for the venerologist in practice.

PMID- 6438023
TI  - Selected results from an evaluation of the New Jersey Diagnosis-Related Group
      System.
AB  - After briefly describing the New Jersey Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) system and
      comparing/contrasting it with the Medicare prospective payment plan, selected
      findings from an evaluation of the New Jersey DRG experience are presented. The
      discussion highlights the system's effect on ways in which hospitals are
      organized and managed, and its preliminary economic and financial impact.

PMID- 6438024
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of subfertility in the male--an interdisciplinary task].

PMID- 6438025
TI  - Ozone-induced airway hyperreactivity in the guinea pig.
AB  - The predominant airway site and mechanism underlying ozone (O3)-induced
      respiratory hyperresponsiveness was examined in anesthetized guinea pigs and in
      vitro tissue preparations. Animals exposed to 1.0 or 1.2 ppm O3 (1 h)
      demonstrated an enhanced airway response to subcutaneous histamine compared with
      air-exposed animals. The anatomic site of hyperresponsiveness most likely did not
      involve the parenchyma, since quasi-static deflationary pulmonary compliance was
      decreased to a similar extent by histamine in air- and O3-preexposed animals. In
      contrast, the conducting airways were probably involved as changes in pulmonary
      resistance elicited by subcutaneous histamine were greater in O3- than in air
      exposed animals. Neither atropine nor vagotomy abolished this enhanced
      responsiveness induced by O3. Although vagal interruption did not alter
      responsiveness, O3-exposed animals demonstrated greater respiratory responses to
      efferent electrical stimulation of the vagi than air-exposed animals. This
      suggests the site of hyperresponsiveness may be located distal to the site of
      efferent stimulation, possibly in the smooth muscle itself or in its
      microenvironment.

PMID- 6438026
TI  - Physiological responses to exercise at 47 and 66 ATA.
AB  - Five male volunteers served as subjects for exercise studies during three dives
      to pressures of 47 and 66 ATA while breathing gases containing 0.5 ATA PO2 and
      varying amounts of N2 and He. The inspired gas density ranged from 1.1 g/l (BTPS)
      at the surface to 17.1 g/l at the highest pressure. Dyspnea at rest and during
      exercise was evident in all divers and was predominantly inspiratory in nature.
      Despite the dyspnea, divers were able to perform work requiring an O2 consumption
      larger than 2 l/min STPD at each depth. Compared with surface measurements,
      moderate work at depth was associated with alveolar hypoventilation, arterial
      hypercapnia, very large physiological dead space, and higher levels of arterial
      lactate and signs of simultaneous respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The
      increase of ventilation that accompanies the onset of acidemia at the surface was
      not present at depth. Acidemia at depth was more severe, and its onset occurred
      at lesser work rates than at 1 ATA. No large differences could be ascertained
      when a variety of responses obtained with inspired gas having a density of 7.9
      g/l at 47 ATA were compared with those obtained with an inspired gas density of
      17.1 g/l at 66 ATA. It appears that the major impact of the environment on the
      physiological responses to work was almost fully manifested at a pressure of 47
      ATA with a He-O2 gas mixture. It is cautioned that maximum work tolerance may be
      an insufficient assessment of the physiological condition of a diver exposed to
      these high pressures.

PMID- 6438027
TI  - Effects of sleep state on ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in humans.
AB  - We assessed the influence of sleep state on ventilatory acclimatization to
      hypoxia. Ventilation, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2), and arterial acid-base
      status were monitored in healthy adult males during wakefulness, nonrapid-eye
      movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep in normoxia [barometric
      pressure (PB) = 740 Torr] and over 4 continuous days of hypobaric hypoxia (PB =
      455 Torr). The relative hypoventilation observed during sleep compared with
      wakefulness in normoxia was also observed during all stages of hypoxic
      acclimatization. The characteristic time-dependent changes associated with
      acclimatization to chronic hypoxia were similar during wakefulness and all sleep
      states: 1) arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) decreased 27-31% by night 4 with
      approximately half of this fall occurring acutely (0.3-3 h hypoxia); 2) minute
      ventilation increased progressively with duration of hypoxic exposure including
      increased levels of hyperventilation throughout the initial night of sleep in
      hypoxia; 3) SaO2 was lowest acutely and gradually increased coincident with the
      progressive hyperventilation; and 4) pHa increased acutely and remained unchanged
      despite additional hyperventilation due to a compensatory reduction in [HCO3-]a.
      In addition, in the acclimatized subject hyperventilation persisted following
      acute restoration of normoxia, and this continued hyperventilation was similar in
      magnitude during both wakefulness and NREM sleep. These results indicate that
      suprapontine influences on ventilatory control associated with the state of
      wakefulness are not required in the process of ventilatory acclimatization to
      chronic hypoxia.

PMID- 6438028
TI  - Inspiratory airway CO2 loading in the pony.
AB  - To determine if CO2-sensitive airway receptors are important in the control of
      breathing, CO2 was preferentially loaded into the respiratory airways in
      conscious ponies. The technique involved adding small amounts of 100% CO2 to
      either the latter one-third or latter two-thirds of the inspiratory air in an
      attempt to raise CO2 concentrations in the airway dead space independent of the
      arterial blood. Arterial blood gas tensions (PCO2 and PO2) and pH, as well as
      respiratory output (minute volume, tidal volume, and respiratory rate), were
      measured in a series of 20 experiments on 5 awake ponies. Elevation of airway CO2
      to approximately 12% by addition of CO2 to the latter portion of the inspiratory
      tidal volume did not alter either ventilation or arterial blood gases. When CO2
      was added earlier in the inspiratory phase to fill more of the airway dead space,
      a small but significant increase in minute volume (2.1 l X min-1 X m-2) and tidal
      volume (0.1 l X m-2) was accompanied by an increase in arterial PCO2, arterial
      PO2, and a fall in pH (0.96 Torr, 10.5 Torr, 0.007 units, respectively). A second
      series of 12 experiments on 6 awake ponies using radiolabeled 14CO2 determined
      that the increases in breathing were minimal when compared with the large
      increase that occurred when these animals inhaled 6% 14CO2 (12.7 l X min-1 X m
      2). Also, stimulation of systemic arterial or central nervous system
      chemoreceptors cannot be eliminated from the response since significant amounts
      of 14CO2 were present in the arterial blood when this marker gas was added to the
      latter two-thirds of the inspiratory tidal volume. The results, therefore,
      provide no evidence for CO2-sensitive airway receptors that can increase
      breathing when stimulated during the latter part of the inspiratory cycle.

PMID- 6438029
TI  - Effect of respiratory muscle weakness on P0.1 induced by partial curarization.
AB  - Mouth occlusion pressure 0.1 s after onset of inspiration (P0.1) reflects central
      respiratory drive (CRD), but its dependence on respiratory muscle strength is
      unknown. To clarify this relationship, we produced progressive levels of
      respiratory muscle weakness by infusion of d-tubocurarine in eight supine
      spontaneously breathing normal subjects. Hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR)
      was measured before curarization and at mild (mean inspiratory effort 62 +/- 3%
      of control), moderate (42 +/- 3%), and severe (23 +/- 1%) weakness. At the severe
      level of weakness 1) supine functional residual capacity was not significantly
      changed from base line, 2) the percent of base-line slope of delta P0.1/delta
      PCO2 (122 +/- 27%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that for
      change in expired minute ventilation (delta VE)/delta PCO2 (39 +/- 10%), 3) the
      percent of base-line delta P0.1/delta VE (381 +/- 46%) during HCVR was
      significantly increased (P less than 0.01), 4) the P0.1 response was
      significantly increased from base line at two out of three specific levels of
      PCO2 while the VE was unchanged or significantly decreased, and 5) peak
      inspiratory resistance did not significantly change. Thus P0.1, unlike VE, did
      not decrease with even severe respiratory muscle weakness. Indeed, P0.1 increased
      at two out of three levels of PCO2 under circumstances when higher CRD is
      expected. One potential explanation for the results is that P0.1 may at least
      qualitatively reflect CRD up to the level of severe respiratory muscle weakness
      attained in this study.

PMID- 6438030
TI  - Responses of in vitro rat diaphragm to changes in acid-base environment.
AB  - In vitro rat diaphragms initially demonstrated a decrease in the force of the
      twitch contraction (FC) in response to field electrode stimulation when exposed
      to an unbuffered increase in PCO2 (UIPCO2). These diaphragms tended to regain
      their initial FC upon addition of a beta-agonist even while the increased PCO2
      perdured. The effect of the agonist could be reversed by propranolol. Four
      hemidiaphragms were bathed in a medium containing curare and exposed to UIPCO2.
      Their tension values were compared to the opposite sides bathed without curare
      and exposed to UIPCO2 of the same intensity and duration. There was no
      statistically significant difference in the response. Subsequently 10 rat
      diaphragms were each systematically challenged by UIPCO2, buffered increases in
      PCO2 (BIPCO2), unbuffered decreases in bicarbonate (UDHCO3), and buffered
      decreases in bicarbonate (BDHCO3) first without and then with isoproterenol (10(
      6) M). Without isoproterenol all four challenges after 15-min exposure produced a
      decrease in FC, the least by BIPCO2; the largest, by UDHCO3. Upon addition of
      isoproterenol, FC actually increased during BIPCO2; the decreases in FC in
      response to UIPCO2 and UDHCO3 were abolished; the FC in response to BDHCO3 was
      still decreased, but less severely. The effect of the isoproterenol was not due
      to its following the four challenges without isoproterenol. The different
      magnitudes in the FC response and the presumed lack of uniform change in
      intracellular pH during the four challenges suggest the possibility that
      different components in the sarcolemma, or in the excitation-contraction coupling
      mechanisms responsible for the genesis of the FC are affected by the four
      challenges, but the nerve or neuromuscular junction may also be affected.

PMID- 6438031
TI  - Effects of hypercapnia on Breuer-Hering threshold for inspiratory termination.
AB  - The effects of CO2 concentration on the timing of inspiratory duration (TI) and
      expiratory duration (TE) and the responses to lung inflation were studied in
      decerebrate paralyzed cats. With lung volume held at functional residual capacity
      during the breath cycle, hypercapnia (fractional concentration of inspired CO2 =
      0.04) caused variable changes in TI and significant increases in TE. To obtain
      the Breuer-Hering threshold relationship [tidal volume (VT) vs. TI] and the
      timing relationship between TE and the preceding TI (TE vs. TI), ramp inflations
      of various sizes were used to terminate inspiration at different times in the
      breath cycle. Hypercapnia caused the VT vs. TI curves to shift in an upward
      direction so that at higher lung volumes TI was lengthened. Also, the slope of
      the TE vs. TI relationship was increased. The results suggest that hypercapnia
      diminished the sensitivity of the Breuer-Hering reflex to the lung volume, thus
      allowing volume to increase with little effect on TI. In addition, TE appears to
      become more sensitive to changes in the preceding TI. A model is presented which
      provides a possible neural mechanism for these responses.

PMID- 6438032
TI  - Airway pressures in an asymmetrically branched airway model of the dog
      respiratory system.
AB  - A computer model of the mechanical properties of the dog respiratory system based
      on the asymmetrically branching airway model of Horsfield et al. (11) is
      described. The peripheral ends of this airway model were terminated by a lumped
      parameter impedance representing gas compression in the alveoli, and lung and
      chest wall tissue properties were derived from measurements made in this
      laboratory. Using this model we predicted the respiratory system impedance and
      the distribution of pressures along the airways in the dog lung. Predicted total
      respiratory system impedances for frequencies between 4 and 64 Hz at three lung
      volumes were found to compare quite closely to measured impedances in dogs.
      Serial pressure distributions were found to be frequency-dependent and to result
      in higher pressures in the lung periphery than at the airway opening at some
      frequencies. The implications of this finding for high-frequency ventilation are
      discussed.

PMID- 6438033
TI  - Perinatal pulmonary responses to arachidonic acid during normoxia and hypoxia.
AB  - Dilator prostaglandins are released from the perinatal lung in response to
      ventilation and also may be involved in the pressor response to hypoxia. However,
      arachidonic acid, precursor of bisenoic prostaglandins, causes pulmonary
      vasoconstriction when infused into the pulmonary circulation of perinatal goats.
      The effects of hypoxia on the arachidonic acid-induced increase in pulmonary
      vascular resistance (PVR) were evaluated in ventilated fetal and neonatal lambs
      using an in situ pump-perfused lower left lobe preparation. These studies
      indicate that pulmonary vascular effects in newborns due to arachidonic acid are
      not altered by hypoxia. In contrast, ventilated fetuses show a greater response
      to arachidonic acid infused during hypoxia than during normoxia. However, this
      increase in PVR is merely additive to the hypoxic pressor response; thus, hypoxia
      does not appear to affect the actions of exogenous arachidonic acid in the
      perinatal pulmonary circulation. The decrease in systemic arterial pressure seen
      with arachidonic acid infusion is greater at the termination of the combined
      infusion and hypoxia than after infusion alone. This systemic hypotension is also
      of longer duration and may indicate a greater release of dilator prostaglandins
      from the lung following hypoxia and arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6438034
TI  - Sarcocystis encephalitis in a cockatiel.
AB  - A sporozoan organism was considered to be the causative agent of central nervous
      system disease in a cockatiel. The ultrastructural characteristics were typical
      of the coccidian group Apicomplexa, and the fact that organisms were free within
      the cytoplasm of infected cells and not within a vacuole, indicated they were
      Sarcocystis. Light and electron microscopic evaluation of brain tissue
      demonstrated protozoal organisms associated with areas of necrosis. Differential
      diagnosis of central nervous system disease in pet birds should include protozoal
      encephalitis.

PMID- 6438035
TI  - Analysis of human sperm function following exposure to the ionophore A23187.
      Comparison of normospermic and oligozoospermic men.
AB  - Time exposure photomicrography and interspecific in vitro fertilization
      techniques have been used to compare the responses to the divalent cation
      ionophore A23187 of spermatozoa from normal fertile and oligozoospermic men. The
      fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from the fertile controls produced a bell
      shaped dose response curve when assessed in the presence of ionophore. The
      optimal responses occurred in the presence of 50 and 100 microM A23187. At this
      concentration, a mean penetration rate of about 75%, in association with multiple
      polyspermy, was observed without significant changes in motility patterns. At
      higher doses of A23187, there was a decline in fertilization rates, an
      independent reduction in sperm motility, and a significant decrease in the
      amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement. In contrast to the fertile
      controls, spermatozoa recovered from patients with oligozoospermia failed to
      exhibit a significant change in their fertilizing potential following exposure to
      A23187. Calculations based on the Poisson distribution theory indicated that this
      lack of responsiveness was not related to any differences in the motility of the
      spermatozoa from the oligozoospermic patients compared to the controls. These
      results suggest that calcium ionophores may be of value in providing a rapid and
      sensitive indicator of the functional competence of human spermatozoa, which
      circumvents problems concerning the rate and efficiency of sperm capacitation
      encountered with conventional protocols.

PMID- 6438036
TI  - Protein secretion by the rat epididymis can be selectively modified in vitro by
      local anesthetics, glucose deprivation, dinitrophenol, ouabain, and ionophores.
AB  - Protein secretion by the caput epididymidis has been examined in vitro using
      radioactive methionine as a precursor for protein synthesis. Newly synthesized
      and secreted proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis and visualized by
      fluorography. Local anesthetics such as procaine had the ability to reduce the
      secretion of some, but not all, proteins. Selective inhibition of secretion of
      the same proteins occurred when either dihydrocytochalasin B, monensin, ouabain,
      or dinitrophenol was added to the medium, or when the concentration of glucose
      was reduced below 1 mM. Calcium ionophore also selectively modified protein
      secretion, but the proteins affected were different from those influenced by
      local anesthetics. Other agents tested (eg, adrenergic and cholinergic agonists
      and antagonists, sodium pentobarbitone, antipsychotic drugs, cyclic AMP,
      colchicine) did not selectively modify protein secretion, even though overall
      protein synthesis and secretion was reduced in some instances. Procaine and
      dihydrocytochalasin B also reduced glucose utilization by epididymal tissue and
      it is suggested that these agents may reduce protein secretion by limiting the
      supply of energy for the exocytotic process. This conclusion is supported by the
      fact that dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, caused a
      similar alteration in protein secretion. The possibility that a restricted energy
      supply modifies protein secretion primarily by creating a disturbed intracellular
      Na/K balance is suggested by the observation that the monovalent ionophore,
      monensin, and the Na/K ATPase inhibitor, ouabain, were both able to duplicate the
      effects of the local anesthetics.

PMID- 6438037
TI  - Stereospecific constructions of chiral beta-lactams.

PMID- 6438038
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin using Erwinia aroideae enzyme.
AB  - Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and
      phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester was attempted by using partially purified alpha
      acylamino-beta-lactam acylhydrolase I (ALAHase I) enzyme from Erwinia aroideae
      NRRL B-138. The reaction rates were carefully followed by determination of 6
      aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PNV), phenoxyacetic acid
      (POA), phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (POM), and phenoxyacetylglycine (POG)
      using high performance liquid chromatography. Among the acyl donors tested, POM
      gave the highest yield (12.2% based on 6-APA). The overall conversion increased
      almost linearly with an increase in molar ratio of POM to 6-APA up to 4:1. The
      effects of organic solvents on the overall yield were also evaluated. Some
      improvement of PNV yield was observed when ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetone were
      used. ALAHase I was found to carry out three reactions simultaneously: transfer
      of acyl group to acyl acceptor to form semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic;
      hydrolysis of acyl donor in amide or ester bond, and hydrolysis of semisynthetic
      beta-lactam antibiotic which was produced by the enzyme. It was also observed
      that the hydrolysis reactions of POM and PNV were irreversible in this reaction
      system. The optimal pH for the three reactions was different. They were: pH 9.0
      for POM hydrolysis, 6.8 for the transfer of phenoxyacetyl group to 6-APA, and 6.0
      for the PNV hydrolysis. The apparent Km values for POM, 6-APA and PNV were
      estimated as 33, 25 and 31 mM, respectively.

PMID- 6438039
TI  - Pristinamycin accumulation by Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Pristinamycins IA and IIA (PIA and PIIA) accumulation by Staphylococcus aureus
      has been studied with two hydrogenated analogs, (H2)PIA and (H2)PIIA. Rapid
      accumulation of both antibiotics at 37 degrees C is observed and internal
      concentrations can reach up to 58-fold the external concentration; this
      accumulation cannot be reduced by either metabolic inhibitors or tetracycline.
      The synergistic activity of pristinamycins IA and IIA is not observed at the
      bacterial accumulation level. We propose that pristinamycins enter into bacteria
      by a passive diffusion process and that the internal concentration is maintained
      by binding of the antibiotic to the bacterial ribosomes.

PMID- 6438040
TI  - Indirect involvement of the stringent response of Bacillus subtilis in the
      development of self-resistance to its own antibiotic.

PMID- 6438041
TI  - beta-Lactamase induction by N-formimidoylthienamycin.

PMID- 6438042
TI  - Growth and end-product formation in fermenter cultures of Brochothrix
      thermosphacta ATCC 11509T and two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. in different
      gaseous atmospheres.
AB  - The effects of different gaseous atmospheres were determined on the maximum
      specific growth rate (mumax) and end-product formation by Brochothrix
      thermosphacta ATCC 11509T, Lactobacillus viridescens SMRICC 174 and Lactobacillus
      sp. SMRICC 173 (homofermentative). The highest mumax-values for Lact. viridescens
      (0.47/h) and Broc. thermosphacta (0.49/h) were obtained in air. Under anaerobic
      conditions mumax was reduced, an atmosphere containing CO2 alone giving the
      greatest reduction. Lactobacillus sp. 173 did not grow in air or N2. Aerobic
      growth was obtained by adding peroxidase while anaerobic growth occurred in the
      presence of 5-20% CO2. Carbon dioxide alone reduced the growth rate. All test
      organisms produced mainly lactic acid anaerobically. Lactobacillus viridescens
      also produced ethanol while Broc. thermosphacta produced small amounts of ethanol
      and formic acid. With O2 present, the number of end-products increased for all
      organisms. Lactobacillus sp. 173 produced small amounts of acetic acid and
      acetoin together with lactic acid. Oxygen induced acetic acid production in Lact.
      viridescens and Broc. thermosphacta. Aerobically, Broc. thermosphacta also
      produced a large amount of acetoin and smaller amounts of 2,3-butanediol, iso
      valeric acid and iso-butyric acid. The production of lactic acid by Broc.
      thermosphacta was completely prevented under strictly aerobic conditions. All
      test organisms consumed O2 during aerobic growth. Hydrogen peroxide was produced
      by Lact. viridescens and Lactobacillus sp. 173.

PMID- 6438043
TI  - Presence of two unique genes encoding macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin
      resistance in members of the Bacteroides fragilis group as determined by DNA-DNA
      homology.
AB  - The relationship of a previously described, plasmid-encoded macrolide-lincosamide
      streptogramin (MLS) resistance determinant to Bacteroides fragilis group clinical
      isolates from 11 different patients with bacteroides infections was assessed
      using in situ hybridization. Most of the strains were found to have DNA sequences
      homologous with the bacteroides MLS plasmid, pBF4, but this homology was
      exclusively to chromosomal DNA. Two organisms isolated from different sites in a
      single patient did not share homology with the plasmid, and probably represent a
      second type of MLS gene. The MLS resistance plasmids, pBF4 (from Bact. fragilis)
      and pE194 (from Staphylococcus aureus), did not share homologous sequences;
      therefore at least one of the bacteroids MLS genes is different from that found
      in Gram-positive organisms.

PMID- 6438044
TI  - Specificity of beta-lactamase induction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The in-vivo induction of the chromosomally determined class Id beta-lactamase of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in the granuloma pouch model in rats.
      Treatment of animals with carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin
      (100 mg/kg bd) and cefsulodin (40 mg/kg bd) resulted in Id beta-lactamase
      induction. beta-Lactamase induction was not only observed in those animals
      receiving beta-lactamase therapy, but also in the untreated control group, thus
      suggesting 'non specific' beta-lactamase induction by body fluids (such as serum
      or exudate). These findings agree with the observation that commercially
      available complex media such as Mueller Hinton Broth, IsoS-ensitest Broth, Brain
      Heart Infusion and Diagnostic Sensitivity Test broth, respectively, also
      exhibited induction potency. Further experiments revealed that aromatic amino
      acids as well as histidine largely contributed to the phenomenon of 'non
      specific' induction of Id beta-lactamase in Ps. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6438045
TI  - Management of neonatal meningitis, 1984.
AB  - Neonatal bacterial meningitis continues to cause substantial mortality and
      morbidity despite the advent of new antimicrobial agents and of modern intensive
      care facilities. In Dallas, the case-fatality rate for bacterial meningitis in
      newborn and young infants is 17% (40 of 231 patients). Three pathogens, Group B
      streptococcus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, accounted for 84% of
      the causative agents. Although new beta-lactam antibiotics have been extensively
      evaluated in experimental meningitis due to these pathogens, there is limited
      clinical experience from which to judge efficacy and safety. Currently,
      conventional therapy with ampicillin and an amino-glycoside should be used as
      initial empirical therapy for neonatal meningitis. Once the pathogen has been
      identified and the susceptibilities determined, the most appropriate antibiotic
      or combination of antibiotics can be selected. Latamoxef (moxalactam) and
      cefotaxime are highly active agents in vitro against Gram-negative enteric
      bacilli and may prove useful for therapy of meningitis due to those organisms.
      Additional experience with these compounds is required before they can be
      recommended for routine use.

PMID- 6438046
TI  - In-vitro activity of enoxacin against aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative
      bacilli and other clinical isolates.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of enoxacin was tested against 500 clinical isolates of
      Gram-negative bacilli that were resistant to one or more of gentamicin,
      tobramycin and amikacin, and against 1060 recent consecutive clinical isolates of
      Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci. Enoxacin was active against
      staphylococci (MICs less than or equal to 4 mg/l) but less active against
      Streptococcus faecalis (MICs mostly 8 mg/l). It was active against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (MICs 0.5-4 mg/l) and very active against Enterobacteriaceae. In the
      series of consecutive isolates 97% of Enterobacteriaceae had MICs less than or
      equal to 1 mg/l. The aminoglycoside-resistant series of Enterobacteriaceae
      included more strains with higher MICs (13% were 2-4 mg/l and 10% were greater
      than or equal to 8 mg/l); the majority of the isolates with MICs greater than or
      equal to 8 mg/l); the majority of the isolates with MICs greater than or equal to
      8 mg/l were Serratia marcescens and Providencia spp. Among the non-fermenting
      species the least sensitive were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Ps. maltophilia.
      Enoxacin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to nalidixic
      acid, but nalidixic acid-resistant strains ranged from fully sensitive to highly
      resistant to enoxacin.

PMID- 6438047
TI  - Enoxacin-induced alteration of susceptibility of pneumococci and Pseudomonas to
      phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - This report examines the effects of exposure to enoxacin on interactions of
      bacteria and neutrophils. Pretreatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa with x 1/2 to x4 the MIC of enoxacin had no enhancing
      effect upon phagocytic killing when the antibiotic was not present. Phagocytic
      killing was synergistically enhanced when enoxacin was continually present
      although this was not manifested in increased phagocytosis. The enhanced killing
      was abrogated by disruption of bacterial opsonization, internalization and
      intraleukocytic killing processes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These
      observations indicate that the synergistic killing of Str. pneumoniae and Ps.
      aeruginosa by enoxacin and human neutrophils is due to enhanced intracellular
      killing and not an increase in phagocytosis.

PMID- 6438048
TI  - A double blind study comparing two dosages of enoxacin for the treatment of
      uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea.
AB  - A double blind pilot study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of
      treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea with two dosages of enoxacin. Eleven
      patients were treated with 600 mg enoxacin as a single oral dose and eleven
      patients were given 400 mg twice with an interval of 4 h. A cure rate of 100% was
      found with both dosages. No side effects were noted and there were no
      abnormalities in haematological tests or renal and hepatic function tests after
      treatment. MIC's of enoxacin and other relevant antibiotics were determined. A
      single oral dose of 600 mg enoxacin seems sufficient to cure uncomplicated
      gonorrhoea and warrants further investigation in more patients.

PMID- 6438049
TI  - Encapsulation of exogenous agents in erythrocytes and the circulating survival of
      carrier erythrocytes.
AB  - Erythrocytes can be made to entrap enzymes, lipids, drugs, pesticides, and large
      macromolecules by a variety of encapsulation procedures. Methods of encapsulation
      include hypotonic dilution and dialysis, lipid fusion, electrical hemolysis, and
      chemical perturbation. The survival of carrier erythrocytes is dependent on the
      method of encapsulation as is the encapsulation efficiency. Research has led to
      utilization of carrier cells for drug and enzyme-replacement therapies, for
      incorporation of DNA and antibodies into living cells, and for enhancement of the
      oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. Many of the possible uses of erythrocytes
      as carriers are explored.

PMID- 6438050
TI  - Comparison of HgO and CuSO4 as digestion catalysts in manual Kjeldahl
      determination of crude protein in animal feeds: collaborative study.
AB  - The official AOAC manual Kjeldahl method for determining crude protein in animal
      feeds, 7.015, uses HgO as a catalyst in the digestion step. Because of
      environmental considerations, there is considerable interest in alternative
      catalysts. A collaborative study compares the official HgO-catalyzed method and
      an alternative using CuSO4. Fifty-four samples consisting of blind duplicates of
      closely matched pairs, representing a range of animal feed materials and 2
      standard materials, were analyzed once by each method. Results were returned by
      22 laboratories. Means and standard deviations between methods were comparable.
      The CuSO4-catalyzed method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 6438051
TI  - Development of an overnight rapid bovine identification test (ORBIT) for field
      use.
AB  - An Overnight Rapid Bovine Identification Test (ORBIT) has been developed as a
      serological screen test for species verification of raw, whole tissue, bovine
      meat products. The test, an agar-gel immunodiffusion technique, uses stabilized
      reagent paper discs and prepared agar plates that have a printed template for
      correct placement of test components. This test is reliable, practical,
      economical, and easily performed in the field, such as at a meat import
      inspection station. The only nonbovine species found to react in the test are the
      bovine-related species of American bison (buffalo) and water buffalo (from
      Australia); however, these rare-occurring species do not present a problem for
      the intended application of the test. Stability of all test components, when
      stored in a refrigerator, is excellent for at least 1 year. The nature and
      stability of the test make it suitable for commercial development into test kits
      which should be highly practical and economical for wide availability and
      application of this procedure to meat inspection programs concerned with species
      verification.

PMID- 6438052
TI  - Rapid quantitation and confirmation of aflatoxins in corn and peanut butter,
      using a disposable silica gel column, thin layer chromatography, and gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry.
AB  - A simple, rapid, and solvent-efficient method for determining aflatoxins in corn
      and peanut butter is described. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were extracted from
      50 g sample with 200 mL methanol-water (85 + 15). A portion of the extract was
      diluted with 10% NaCl solution to a final concentration of 50% methanol, and then
      defatted with hexane. The aflatoxins were partitioned into chloroform. The
      chloroform solution was evaporated, and the residue was placed on a 0.5 g
      disposable silica gel column. The column was washed with 3 mL each of hexane,
      ethyl ether, and methylene chloride. Aflatoxins were eluted with 6 mL chloroform
      acetone (9 + 1). The solvent was removed by evaporation on a steam bath, and the
      aflatoxins were determined using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with silica gel
      plates and a chloroform-acetone (9 + 1) developing solvent. Overall average
      recovery of aflatoxin B1 from corn was 82%, and the limit of determination was 2
      ng/g. For mass spectrometric (MS) confirmation, aflatoxin B1 in the extract from
      3 g sample (20 ng/g) was purified by TLC and applied by direct on-column
      injection at 40 degrees C into a 6 m fused silica capillary gas chromatographic
      column. The column was connected directly to the ion source. After injection, the
      temperature was rapidly raised to 250 degrees C, and the purified extract was
      analyzed by negative ion chemical ionization MS.

PMID- 6438053
TI  - Analgesic-antipyretic choices for children with asthma: a review of safety and
      risk of common preparations.

PMID- 6438054
TI  - Role of combination of valproic acid with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine in
      the management of intractable seizures.

PMID- 6438055
TI  - [Total body electron therapy of mycosis fungoides].

PMID- 6438056
TI  - Identification of methyl coenzyme M as an intermediate in methanogenesis from
      acetate in Methanosarcina spp.
AB  - The transfer of the methyl group of acetate to coenzyme M (2
      mercaptoethanesulfonic acid; HS-CoM) during the metabolism of acetate to methane
      was investigated in cultures of Methanosarcina strain TM-1. The organism
      metabolized CD3COO- to 83% CD3H and 17% CD2H2 and produced no CDH3 or CH4. The
      isotopic composition of coenzyme M in cells grown on CD3COO- was analyzed with a
      novel gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The cells contained CD3-D
      CoM and CD2H-S-CoM) in a proportion similar to that of CD3H to CD2H2. These
      results, in conjunction with a report (J.K. Nelson and J.G. Ferry, J. Bacteriol.
      160:526-532, 1984) that extracts of acetate-grown strain TM-1 contain high levels
      of CH3-S-CoM methylreductase, indicate that CH3-S-CoM is an intermediate in the
      metabolism of acetate to methane in this organism.

PMID- 6438057
TI  - Mapping of the glucose dehydrogenase gene in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A 4.0-kilobase DNA fragment containing the developmentally regulated gene for
      glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) from Bacillus subtilis was incorporated into the
      plasmid pGX345, which contains a marker conferring chloramphenicol resistance
      (cat). The resistance marker of the resulting integration vector was used to map
      the gdh gene on the B. subtilis chromosome. Using PBS1 transduction, the gene
      order was determined to be aroI cat (gdh) mtlB dal. The cat (gdh) marker was also
      cotransformable with mtlB. The genetic location of the gdh gene established by
      this indirect method was confirmed by the fact that the original phage lambda
      EF2, containing a 10-kilobase B. subtilis DNA fragment from which the 4-kilobase
      gdh region had been subcloned, also contained the mtlB gene.

PMID- 6438058
TI  - Export and processing of MalE-LacZ hybrid proteins in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Five classes of MalE-LacZ hybrid proteins have previously been characterized.
      These proteins differ in the amount of the maltose-binding protein (MBP) that is
      attached to beta-galactosidase. Although none of these proteins is secreted into
      the periplasm, the four larger classes of hybrid proteins, those that include an
      intact MBP signal peptide, are inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting
      that the secretion process has at least been initiated. In this study, we
      demonstrated that some portion of the four larger hybrid proteins can be
      translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane, thus permitting processing of the
      signal peptide. We have found that hybrid proteins that include only a small
      portion of the mature MBP are inefficiently recognized as exported proteins, and
      translocation and processing of these appear to be relatively slow,
      posttranslational events. In marked contrast, hybrid proteins that include a
      substantial portion of the mature MBP are efficiently recognized, and
      translocation and processing of these occur very rapidly, possibly
      cotranslationally. Our results complement other studies and very strongly suggest
      a role for the mature MBP in the export process.

PMID- 6438059
TI  - Purification and properties of methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide
      methyltransferase from Methanosarcina barkeri.
AB  - Methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase from Methanosarcina
      barkeri has been purified to approximately 90% homogeneity by ion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and QAE-A50 Sephadex columns. The molecular
      weight, estimated by gel electrophoresis, was found to be 122,000, and the enzyme
      contained two different subunits with molecular weights of 34,000 and 53,000,
      which indicates an alpha 2 beta structure. The enzyme contains three or four
      molecules of 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide, which could be removed by treatment
      of the enzyme with 2-mercaptoethanol or sodium dodecyl sulfate. In both cases the
      enzyme dissociated into its subunits. For stability, the enzyme required the
      presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+. ATP, GTP,
      or CTP was needed in a reductive activation process of the enzyme. This
      activation was brought about by a mixture of H2, ferredoxin, and hydrogenase, but
      also by CO, which is thought to reduce the corrinoid chemically. The CO
      dehydrogenase-like activity of the methyltransferase is discussed.

PMID- 6438060
TI  - Abnormal motility and fruiting behavior of Myxococcus xanthus bacteriophage
      resistant strains induced by a clear-plaque mutant of bacteriophage Mx8.
AB  - Myxococcus xanthus mutants resistant to a clear-plaque derivative of phage Mx8
      were isolated. A significant fraction of the mutants, easily recognizable by
      their colony morphology, were induced by the presence of the phage and may
      correspond to low-frequency lysogens. They were all defective in cell motility
      and showed the same nonfruiting phenotype under starvation conditions.

PMID- 6438061
TI  - Autocides produced by Myxococcus xanthus.
AB  - Ethanol extracts of Myxococcus xanthus contained several substances, referred to
      as autocides, which were bactericidal to the producing strain but showed no
      activity against other bacteria. The autocides were produced by growing cells and
      remained largely cell bound throughout the growth cycle; ca. 5% of the autocidal
      activity was found in the supernatant fluid at the time cell lysis began. The
      autocides were separated by sequential-column and thin-layer chromatography into
      five active fractions (AM I through AM V). Each of the fractions was at least 20
      times more active against M. xanthus than against the other gram-negative or gram
      positive bacteria tested. AM I, AM IV, and AM V were inactive against yeasts,
      whereas a mixture of fractions AM II and AM III was active against Rhodotorula
      sp. At low concentrations, AM I reversibly inhibited the growth of M. xanthus; at
      higher concentrations of AM I, the cells lysed within 1 h. The lowest
      concentration of AM IV that showed any activity caused rapid cell death and
      lysis. The mode of action of the major autocide, AM V, was different from that of
      AM I and AM IV. During the initial 2 h of treatment, the viable count of M.
      xanthus cells remained constant; during the next few hours killing occurred
      without lysis; within 24 h lysis was complete. The autocidal activity of each of
      the fractions was expressed when the cells were suspended in buffer, as well as
      in growth medium. The possible role of autocides in developmental lysis of M.
      xanthus is discussed.

PMID- 6438062
TI  - Fate of the C1 product of propane dissimilation in Mycobacterium vaccae.
AB  - Mycobacterium vaccae catabolizes propane through a C2 + C1 cleavage.
      Radiorespirometric and 14C-substrate incorporation studies were conducted to
      ascertain the fate of the C1 product. Results presented indicate that it is
      directly assimilated through the cellular reduced C1 pool.

PMID- 6438063
TI  - Genetic characterization of the inducible SOS-like system of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The SOS-like system of Bacillus subtilis consists of several coordinately induced
      phenomena (e.g., cellular filamentation, prophage induction, and Weigle
      reactivation of UV-damaged bacteriophage) which are expressed after cellular
      insult such as DNA damage or inhibition of DNA replication. Mutagenesis of the
      bacterial chromosome and the development or maintenance of competence also appear
      to be involved in the SOS-like response in this bacterium. The genetic
      characterization of the SOS-like system has involved an analysis of (i) the
      effects of various DNA repair mutations on the expression of inducible phenomena
      and (ii) the tsi-23 mutation, which renders host strains thermally inducible for
      each of the SOS-like functions. Bacterial filamentation was unaffected by any of
      the DNA repair mutations studied. In contrast, the induction of prophage after
      thermal or UV pretreatment was abolished in strains carrying the recE4, recA1,
      recB2, or recG13 mutation. The Weigle reactivation of UV-damaged bacteriophage
      was also inhibited by the recE4, recA1, recB2, or recG13 mutation, whereas levels
      of Weigle reactivation were lower in strains which carried the uvrA42, polA5, or
      rec-961 mutation than in the DNA repair-proficient strain. Strains which carried
      the recE4 mutation were incapable of chromosomal DNA-mediated transformation, and
      the frequency of this event was decreased in strains carrying the recA1, recB2,
      or tsi-23 mutation. Plasmid DNA transformation efficiency was decreased only in
      strains carrying the tsi-23 mutation in addition to the recE4, recA1, or recB2
      mutation. The results indicate that the SOS-like system of B. subtilis is
      regulated at different levels by two or more gene products. In this report, the
      current data regarding the genetic regulation of inducible phenomena are
      summarized, and a model is proposed to explain the mechanism of SOS-like
      induction in B. subtilis.

PMID- 6438064
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants affected in anaerobic growth on arginine: evidence
      for a four-gene cluster encoding the arginine deiminase pathway.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO was able to grow in the absence of exogenous terminal
      electron acceptors, provided that the medium contained 30 to 40 mM L-arginine and
      0.4% yeast extract. Under strictly anaerobic conditions (O2 at less than 1 ppm),
      growth could be measured as an increase in protein and proceeded in a non
      exponential way; arginine was largely converted to ornithine but not entirely
      consumed at the end of growth. In the GasPak anaerobic jar (Becton Dickinson and
      Co.), the wild-type strain PAO1 grew on arginine-yeast extract medium in 3 to 5
      days; mutants could be isolated that were unable to grow under these conditions.
      All mutants (except one) were defective in at least one of the three enzymes of
      the arginine deiminase pathway (arcA, arcB, and arcC mutants) or in a novel
      function that might be involved in anaerobic arginine uptake (arcD mutants). The
      mutations arcA (arginine deiminase), arcB (catabolic ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase), arcC (carbamate kinase), and arcD were highly
      cotransducible and mapped in the 17-min chromosome region. Some mutations in the
      arc cluster led to low, noninducible levels of all three arginine deiminase
      pathway enzymes and thus may affect control elements required for induction of
      the postulated arc operon. Two fluorescent pseudomonads (P. putida and P.
      fluorescens) and P. mendocina, as well as one PAO mutant, possessed an inducible
      arginine deiminase pathway and yet were unable to grow fermentatively on
      arginine. The ability to use arginine-derived ATP for growth may provide P.
      aeruginosa with a selective advantage when oxygen and nitrate are scarce.

PMID- 6438065
TI  - General approach to bacterial nutrition: growth factor requirements of Moraxella
      nonliquefaciens.
AB  - A general procedure was devised for the determination of growth factor
      requirements of heterotrophic bacteria based upon identification of individual
      nutrients as they are successively depleted from a limited quantity of complex
      medium. By using this approach, it was possible to develop a defined medium for
      growth of Moraxella nonliquefaciens that contained nine amino acids and three
      vitamins. Three of the amino acids, proline, serine, and cysteine, were required
      in unusually high concentrations to obtain optimal growth. Methionine had a
      sparing action on the requirements for serine and cysteine. Glycine could
      substitute for serine. Although a required nutrient, cysteine was inhibitory for
      growth, but this inhibitory action was antagonized by valine or leucine. The
      requirement for cysteine was satisfied by cystine, glutathione, or sodium
      sulfide. M. nonliquefaciens could not use ammonia as a nitrogen source but could
      use glutamate or aspartate for this purpose. With the exception of 1 auxotrophic
      strain, the growth factor requirements of 23 independently isolated strains of M.
      nonliquefaciens were essentially the same.

PMID- 6438066
TI  - Chemical and immunological characterization of lipopolysaccharides from phase I
      and phase II Coxiella burnetii.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) isolated from phase I and phase II Coxiella burnetii
      (LPS I and LPS II, respectively) were analyzed for chemical compositions,
      molecular heterogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and immunological properties. The yields of crude phenol-water
      extracts from phase I cells were roughly three to six times higher than those
      from phase II cells. Purification of LPSs by ultracentrifugation gave similar
      yields for both LPS I and LPS II. Purified LPS I and LPS II contained roughly 0.8
      and 0.6% protein, respectively. The fatty acid constituents of the LPSs were
      different in composition and content, with branched-chain fatty acids
      representing about 15% of the total. beta-Hydroxymyristic acid was not detected
      in either LPS I or LPS II. A thiobarbituric acid-periodate-positive compound was
      evident in the LPSs; however, this component was not identified as 3-deoxy-D
      mannooctulosonic acid by gas and paper chromatographies. LPS II contained D
      mannose, D-glucose, D-glyceromannoheptose, glucosamine, ethanolamine, 3-deoxy-D
      mannooctulosonic acid-like material, phosphate, and fatty acids. LPS I contained
      the unique disaccharide galactosaminuronyl glucosamine and nine unidentified
      components in addition to the components of LPS II. The hydrophobic, putative
      lipid A fraction of LPS I and LPS II contained the above constituents, but the
      hydrophilic fraction was devoid of ethanolamine. The LPS I disaccharide
      galactosaminuronyl glucosamine was found in both fractions of the acetic acid
      hydrolysates. Analysis of LPSs by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by silver staining indicated that LPS II was composed of
      only one band, whereas LPS I consisted of six or more bands with irregular
      spacing. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests demonstrated that LPS I reacted with
      phase I but not with phase II whole-cell hyperimmune antibody, and LPS II reacted
      neither with phase I nor phase II hyperimmune antibody. From these results, it
      was concluded that the chemical structures of LPSs from C. burnetii were
      different from those of the LPSs of gram-negative bacteria; however, the LPS
      structural variation in C. burnetii may be similar to the smooth-to-rough
      mutational variation of saccharide chain length in gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6438067
TI  - The spectrum of cocaine abuse and its treatment.
AB  - There is as yet no definitive treatment for cocaine abusers, nor is there
      consensus as to their degree of psychopathology. Some researchers have found a
      high incidence of major affective and bipolar disorders, while others have not.
      Psychological treatment consists of behavioral, supportive, and psychodynamic
      approaches, with the choice based on the severity of the cocaine abuse.
      Experimental pharmacologic approaches using tricyclic antidepressants, lithium,
      or stimulants are being tried both as diagnosis-specific agents and as general
      treatment adjuncts, but no adequate controlled trials have yet been published.

PMID- 6438068
TI  - Effect of free Mg2+ on liver phosphorylase kinase activity.
AB  - When pig liver phosphorylase kinase was assayed at various concentrations of
      Mg2+, about 2-fold stimulation was observed around 2-3 mM Mg2+ (Mg2+/ATP ratio,
      20-30) compared with the activity at 0.3 mM Mg2+ (Mg2+/ATP ratio, 3). This
      stimulation was specific for Mg2+ among the divalent cations tested and the
      process was reversible. Km values for ATP and phosphorylase b were decreased 3.6-
      and 9.5-fold, respectively, at 3 mM Mg2+ compared with those obtained at 0.3 mM
      Mg2+. These results indicate that the activity of liver phosphorylase kinase is
      influenced by free Mg2+.

PMID- 6438069
TI  - Static and kinetic studies on carp muscle parvalbumins.
AB  - Fluorescence titration and fluorescence stopped-flow studies were performed on
      carp muscle parvalbumin components 1, 2, 3, and 5 (the latter three components
      were modified with a SH-directed fluorescent reagent, dansyl-L-cysteine).
      Apparent binding constants (Kapp) of Ca2+ to these components decrease in the
      order of component 2 (Kapp = 2.8 +/- 0.9 X 10(8) M-1) greater than component 1
      (Kapp = 1.25 +/- 0.25 X 10(8) M-1) greater than component 3 = component 5 (Kapp =
      4.0 +/- 0.5 X 10(7) M-1) in 30 mM KCl, 50 mM Na-cacodylate-HCl, pH 7.0 at 20
      degrees C. The rate constant of the conformational change of parvalbumin induced
      by Ca2+ binding or removal decreases in the order of component 2 greater than
      component 1 greater than component 5 greater than or equal to component 3; that
      is, component 2 undergoes the fastest conformational change and component 3 the
      slowest in response to the rapid free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) change in the
      protein solution. The fluorescence titration curves and [Ca2+]-dependences of the
      rate constants are analyzed by a simple two-state model, (partially unfolded
      state) k1 in equilibrium k2 (folded state). It is shown that the equilibrium
      constant K = k1/k2 depends on the second power of [Ca2+], the rate constant k1 on
      the first power of [Ca2+] and k2 on the inverse first power of [Ca2+],
      respectively.

PMID- 6438070
TI  - Modification of glucoamylases from Rhizopus sp. with 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2
      morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl)carbodiimide.
AB  - To investigate the role of carboxyl groups of glucoamylases [EC 3.2.1.3] from a
      Rhizopus sp. (Gluc1 and Gluc2), the modification of Gluc1 and Gluc2 with a water
      soluble carbodiimide, 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl)carbodiimide metho
      p-toluenesulfonate (CMC), was studied. The inactivation of Gluc1 proceeded with
      the incorporation of about 3 CMC moieties. In the presence of maltose, the
      modification of about 2.2 carboxyl groups of Gluc1 proceeded with a slight loss
      of enzymatic activity. In the re-modification of Gluc1 modified in the presence
      of maltose, Gluc1 was inactivated by further modification of about 1.3 carboxyl
      groups. Therefore, one carboxyl group, which was protected by maltose, was
      thought to be a crucial one. The inactivation of Gluc2 proceeded similarly to
      that of Gluc1, but the number of CMC moieties incorporated was about one less
      than in the case of Gluc1. Thus, it was suggested that one of the reactive
      carboxyl groups of Gluc1 was located in the N-terminal part of Gluc1, which is
      deficient in Gluc2. From the results of kinetic studies on CMC-modified Gluc1, it
      was suggested that the hydrolysis mechanism of malto-oligomers differs somewhat
      from that of PNPG.

PMID- 6438071
TI  - Purification, crystallization, and molecular properties of aspartase from
      Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - Aspartase [L-aspartate ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.1] of Pseudomonas fluorescens was
      highly purified to homogeneity and crystallized. The purified enzyme sedimented
      as a monodisperse entity upon ultracentrifugation with a s0(20),w value of 8.6S.
      Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), the enzyme migrated as a single
      band. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 173,000 +/- 3,000, as
      determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis, and that of the enzyme subunit
      was determined to be 50,000 +/- 1,500 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE. Cross
      linking experiments using dimethyl suberimidate followed by SDS-PAGE indicated
      that the native enzyme was composed of four subunits with identical molecular
      weight. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was determined.

PMID- 6438072
TI  - Localization and identification of covalently bound flavoproteins in rat liver
      mitochondria by prelabeling of their flavin moiety.
AB  - The covalently bound flavoproteins in rat liver mitochondria were prelabeled by
      injecting [14C]riboflavin into a rat, then liver mitochondria were obtained and
      further labeled with [3H]pargyline, a suicide inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.
      When the mitochondria were subjected to osmotic lysis, two covalently bound
      flavoproteins having molecular weights of 110,000 and 94,000 were found in the
      supernatant. These proteins were identified as sarcosine dehydrogenases. Upon
      treatment of the membranous fraction with 1% Triton X-100, succinate
      dehydrogenase with a molecular weight of 70,000 was found in the soluble
      fraction, while two well-separated proteins doubly-labeled with 14C and 3H were
      found in the insoluble fraction. Their molecular weights were 61,000 and 57,000.
      By isoelectric focusing, two 3H peaks were observed with pI values of 8.3 and
      8.4. The former corresponded to the 61,000-dalton protein, and the latter, to the
      57,000 one. From the data obtained by using selective inhibitors, deprenyl and
      clorgyline, the [3H]pargyline-binding proteins with molecular weights of 61,000
      and 57,000 were assigned to proteins of monoamine oxidases of type A and type B,
      respectively.

PMID- 6438073
TI  - Features of intermediary steps around the 688-nm substance in the heme oxygenase
      reaction.
AB  - The degradation of protoheme in the heme oxygenase reaction involves three
      oxidation steps: from protoheme to hydroxyheme, from hydroxyheme to a 688-nm
      substance, a protein-bound intermediate, and from the 688-nm substance to a
      biliverdin-iron complex. The 688-nm substance has a ferrous iron and it readily
      binds carbon monoxide to form a CO-complex, called the 638-nm substance (Yoshida,
      T., Noguchi, M., & Kikuchi, G. (1980) J. Biochem. 88, 557-563). The ferric 688-nm
      substance was prepared from the 638-nm substance by the addition of potassium
      ferricyanide together with aspiration to eliminate CO. The ferric 688-nm
      substance did not show any distinct absorption maximum in the red region of the
      absorption spectrum. The ferric 688-nm substance was readily reduced on the
      addition of the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase system, but the ferric 688-nm
      substance could also be reduced spontaneously though at a very low rate. The
      ferrous 688-nm substance free from excess reducing agents was prepared by passing
      the 638-nm substance through a column of Sephadex G-25. The ferrous 688-nm
      substance was degraded to a biliverdin-iron complex much more rapidly in the
      presence of the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase system than in its absence,
      indicating that a reducing equivalent is essential for the initiation of heme
      degradation even when starting from the ferrous 688-nm substance. Cyanide was
      found to bind to the ferrous 688-nm substance to form a stable compound; the
      cyanide compound formed could revert to neither the ferrous 688-nm substance nor
      the 638-nm substance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438074
TI  - Comparison of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and horseradish
      peroxidase as labels of anti-human ferritin Fab' by sandwich enzyme immunoassay
      technique.
AB  - beta-D-Galactosidase from Escherichia coli and horseradish peroxidase were
      compared as labels of anti-human ferritin Fab' by sandwich enzyme immunoassay
      technique using fluorogenic substrates for enzyme assay. The anti-human ferritin
      Fab'-peroxidase conjugates gave lower nonspecific bindings and higher specific
      bindings than the corresponding Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugates. As a
      result, the former provided more sensitive dose response curves for human
      ferritin than the latter. However, the peroxidase conjugates were required in a
      larger quantity, since peroxidase assay was much less sensitive than beta-D
      galactosidase assay.

PMID- 6438075
TI  - Pathogenesis of serratial infection: activation of the Hageman factor
      prekallikrein cascade by serratial protease.
AB  - A serratial protease with an apparent molecular weight of 56,000 (56K protease),
      which had been purified from the culture supernatant of a strain of Serratia
      marcescens isolated from a corneal lesion of a human eye [Matsumoto, K. et al.
      (1984) J. Bacteriol. 157, 225-232], greatly enhanced vascular permeability when
      injected into guinea pig skin. The 56K protease, which requires zinc ion for
      activity, was found to possess plasma kallikrein-like properties in vitro as
      judged by (i) preferential amidolysis of carbobenzoxy-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7
      amide and Pro-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide, which are known substrates for
      plasma kallikrein; (ii) release of kinin from high-molecular-weight kininogen;
      and (iii) prompt activation of Hageman factor followed by generation of
      kallikrein from plasma prekallikrein. These results suggest that the 56K protease
      enhances vascular permeability through activation of a Hageman factor-kallikrein
      kinin pathway in vivo, and this molecular process appears to be a rational
      mechanism of enhancement of permeability and serratial pathogenesis.

PMID- 6438076
TI  - Effect of Brij 58 on the hydrolysis of methyl butyrate by lipase from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens.
AB  - Purified Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] exhibited slight activity on
      water-soluble esters such as methyl butyrate, and this activity was increased on
      addition of Brij 58 (20 oxyethylene hexadecyl ether) to the solution. This
      stimulating effect of Brij 58 on hydrolysis of various esters (dimethyl
      succinate, butyl n-acetate, and tributyrin) in aqueous solution was unspecific.
      Hydrolysis of methyl butyrate depended on the molecular ratio of Brij 58 to
      lipase, being maximal (about 8 times the basal level at 37 degrees C with 80 mM
      substrate in 0.1 M NaCl solution) with 30 mol of Brij 58 per mol of lipase.
      Comparative studies showed that all polyoxyethylene (POE) alkyl ethers tested,
      stimulated the methyl butyrate hydrolyzing activity and that the Adekatol SO
      series (dihydric normal alcohol ethoxylate) also stimulated the appreciably
      active, whereas Triton X-100, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium
      dodecylsulfate, POE, and fatty acids had no effect. Comparison of the effects of
      Brij 58 on the methyl butyrate hydrolyzing activities of various lipolytic
      enzymes indicated that its effect was specific for this lipase. Brij 58 had no
      detectable effect with emulsified esters, such as supersaturated methyl butyrate
      and triolein.

PMID- 6438077
TI  - Association of apolipoprotein A-II with egg phosphatidylcholine unilamellar
      vesicles.
AB  - Interaction of human apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) with egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles (diameter, 20-26 nm) was studied. ApoA
      II bound to the vesicles in a saturable manner and was displaced by
      apolipoprotein C-III1 (apoC-III1) while bound apoC-III1 was displaced by apoA-II,
      with apparent deformation of the vesicles, as observed in electronmicrographs.
      Free apoA-II that had been displaced from the lipid surface was readsorbed to
      vesicles successively added to the medium. Disruption of the vesicular structure
      occurred in less than 3% of the vesicles under the experimental conditions.
      Isothermal binding data were analyzed according to a reversible equilibrium
      binding model. The dissociation constant, Kd, was 5.8 X 10(-7) M, and the maximum
      binding level, N, was 1.46 amino acid residues per phospholipid for apoA-II
      assuming that 70% of the phospholipid is in the outer leaflet of the vesicles,
      while for apoC-III1 the Kd and N values were 7.8 X 10(-7) M and 1.34 amino acid
      residues per phospholipid in the outer leaflet, respectively. All these
      parameters show good agreement with those for triglyceride-phospholipid particles
      of approximately the same diameter as that of the vesicles (J. Biol. Chem. (1983)
      258, 10073-10082). Thus the parameters represent the equilibrium binding of apoA
      II to the surface of phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles.

PMID- 6438078
TI  - Occurrence of oxygen-sensitive, NADP+-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase in
      mitochondria of Euglena gracilis.
AB  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase found in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis was active on
      NADP+ but not NAD+, and FAD and methyl viologen also served as electron
      acceptors. For 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase both NAD+ and NADP+ were utilized and
      the ratio of its activity on NAD+ and NADP+ was about 1:5. The activity of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase was inhibited by pyruvate in aerobiosis, while not in
      anaerobiosis.

PMID- 6438079
TI  - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate stimulates phosphorylation of a 62,000-dalton
      protein in monkey fibroblast and bovine brain cell lysates.
AB  - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is produced in cells as a breakdown product of
      the diphosphorylated form of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4,5
      bisphosphate. Stimulated breakdown of phosphoinositides has been correlated with
      a wide variety of hormonal stimuli which mobilize intracellular calcium, and IP3
      has recently been found to cause calcium release from intracellular stores, thus
      implicating it as a second messenger in hormonal stimulation. In this paper we
      have examined the effect of IP3 on protein phosphorylation, and have found that
      IP3 stimulates phosphorylation of a 62-kDa protein in cell lysates made from
      cultured monkey fibroblasts and from bovine brain. Fifty per cent maximal
      stimulation of phosphorylation of this protein occurred at 2.5 X 10(-7) M IP3.
      Other inositol phosphates (inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, inositol 1-phosphate,
      inositol hexaphosphate, and myo-inositol) had no effect on protein
      phosphorylation at 10(-6)M, although inositol 1,4-bisphosphate at higher
      concentrations enhanced phosphorylation of the 62-kDa protein in brain lysates.
      The IP3-stimulated phosphorylation was calcium-independent and did not appear to
      result from inhibition of an endogenous protein phosphatase. We suggest that IP3,
      like other second messengers, acts as a protein kinase regulator.

PMID- 6438080
TI  - Structural analysis of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from porcine hepatic
      microsomes. Sequences of proteolytic fragments, cysteine-containing peptides, and
      a NADPH-protected cysteine peptide.
AB  - Detergent-solubilized NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was purified from porcine
      hepatic microsomes and compared to the rabbit enzyme isolated under identical
      conditions. The porcine enzyme had an equivalent specific activity toward
      cytochrome c compared to the rabbit enzyme. When analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the porcine enzyme exhibited a major
      band at Mr = 80,000 and two additional bands at Mr = 20,000 and 60,000. The 20
      kDa fragment was shown to be the COOH-terminal portion of the protein which
      contains a hydrophobic sequence of 28 residues homologous to the pyrophosphate
      binding portion of the FAD-binding protein p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. The 60
      kDa fragment corresponded to the NH2-terminal portion of the protein since this
      peptide and the intact protein have blocked NH2 terminal. The trypsin-solubilized
      porcine enzyme has an NH2-terminal sequence which is homologous to the equivalent
      trypsin-solubilized enzymes from rat and rabbit (80% sequence homology). Eight
      cysteine-containing peptides were isolated from a tryptic digest of the S
      carboxymethylated pig enzyme. Significant sequence homology was not found between
      these peptides and other flavoproteins, except for one peptide (Glu-Val-Gly-Glu
      Thr-Leu-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Gly-Cys-Arg) which exhibited partial homology with the known
      NADPH-binding site of glutathione reductase. When the NADPH-protected enzyme was
      first S-alkylated with unlabeled iodoacetate, NADPH depleted, and further
      alkylated with 14C-labeled iodoacetate, the above radiolabeled peptide was
      isolated from a tryptic digest. The equivalent peptide was also isolated by a
      similar procedure from rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 reductase.

PMID- 6438081
TI  - Chlorotetracycline fluorescence is a quantitative measure of the free internal
      Ca2+ concentration achieved by active transport. In situ calibration and
      application to bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
AB  - Chlorotetracycline (CTC) fluorescence is shown to be a competent and quantitative
      measure of the free internal calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, obtained by ATP
      supported active uptake by bovine cardiac sarcolemmal (SL) vesicles. The
      fluorescence response of CTC to [Ca2+]i is calibrated by pre-equilibrating the
      vesicles with known Ca2+ concentrations and then diluting into a Ca2+-free medium
      containing CTC. The experiments show that CTC comes into equilibrium with the
      internal Ca2+ more rapidly than the latter can passively leak from the vesicles.
      The amplitude of the fluorescence increase is proportional to the Ca2+
      concentration with which the vesicles are pre-equilibrated. This constitutes a
      calibration procedure for the use of CTC fluorescence as a quantitative measure
      of the free internal Ca2+ concentrations achieved in active transport. This
      method is applied to the determination of the average free Ca2+ concentrations
      achieved in ATP-energized uptake with sarcolemmal vesicles. Under optimal
      conditions an initial rate of 13 mM/min (37 nmol/mg/min) is observed. Uptake
      reaches a maximum corresponding to 70 mM (179 nmol/mg). Half-maximal values are
      obtained after 5 min of reaction. The mechanism of the CTC response to free
      internal Ca2+ concentration is discussed and is compared with measurements of
      vesicle-associated 45Ca2+.

PMID- 6438082
TI  - Benzo(a)pyrene activation to 7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-oxide by rat liver microsomes.
      Control by selective product inhibition.
AB  - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and 7,8-dihydrodiol by 3-methylcholanthrene
      (MC)-induced rat liver microsomes are both subject to severe inhibition by
      primary metabolites of BP, which was analyzed by determining individual
      inhibition constants for all primary BP metabolites for both BP and 7,8
      dihydrodiol metabolism. Monooxygenation of 7,8-dihydrodiol was, surprisingly, 5
      to 10 times more sensitive than monooxygenation of BP to inhibition by all
      primary metabolites, even though both reactions require the same enzyme,
      cytochrome P-450c. Two representative products, 1,6-quinone and 9-phenol, were
      both strong, competitive inhibitors of BP metabolism with Ki values of 0.12 and
      0.74 microM, respectively. The total effect of product inhibition on the overall
      reactions was determined by fitting progress curves of BP, 7,8-dihydrodiol, and
      anti-7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-oxide (determined as 7,10/8,9-tetrol) over a range of
      BP concentrations to integrated steady-state equations using experimental Vmax
      and Km values. The effective product inhibition factors for BP and 7,8
      dihydrodiol metabolism, determined from progress curve fits, were only 2-fold
      higher than the corresponding calculated theoretical values. The effective
      product inhibition factors, obtained from progress curve analysis, confirmed that
      7,8-dihydrodiol metabolism was substantially more sensitive to inhibition by
      primary BP metabolites than BP metabolism itself. This difference probably
      reflects the much higher affinity of cytochrome P-450c for BP (Kd = 6 nM), as
      compared to 7,8-dihydrodiol (Kd = 175 nM) that was established
      spectrophotometrically both for the purified cytochrome and for MC microsomes.
      The Km for BP metabolism is 50 to 100 times higher than the Kd, while the Km is
      similar to the Kd for 7,8-dihydrodiol metabolism. The discrepancy for BP between
      Km and Kd suggests that standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics may be perturbed by
      either slow substrate or product dissociation.

PMID- 6438083
TI  - Isolation of two proteins with high affinity for guanine nucleotides from
      membranes of bovine brain.
AB  - Membranes from bovine brain bind relatively large quantities of guanosine 5'-(3-O
      thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) with high affinity. The two proteins responsible
      for most of this activity were purified; they account for 1.5% of the membrane
      protein. The two proteins contain alpha subunits of either 39,000 or 41,000 Da,
      beta subunits of 36,000 or 35,000 Da, and a potential gamma subunit (11,000 Da).
      These structures are the same as a family of proteins that includes transducin
      and the regulatory proteins, GS and GI, of adenylate cyclase. The 41,000- and
      39,000-Da polypeptides can be ADP-ribosylated with islet-activating protein from
      Bordetella pertussis, bind guanine nucleotides specifically, and migrate through
      polyacrylamide gels with rates similar to the alpha subunits of GI and
      transducin, respectively. The 36,000- and 35,000-Da polypeptides are similar to
      the beta subunits of GI and GS. The gamma subunit is found whenever beta subunits
      are present. The 41,000- and 39,000-Da polypeptides (with beta and gamma) are
      designated, respectively, GI and GO from brain. The alpha subunit of GO was
      isolated without the use of ligands known to dissociate other G proteins. GO
      alpha binds GTP gamma S reversibly in the absence of Mg2+ and is relatively
      stable in cholate. This isolated alpha subunit should be of great utility in
      elucidating the mechanism of action of this family of GTP-binding proteins.

PMID- 6438084
TI  - A new class of phospholipases A2 with lysine in place of aspartate 49. Functional
      consequences for calcium and substrate binding.
AB  - We report here the discovery of a new class of phospholipases A2 in which Asp-49,
      a residue considered to be an obligate component of the catalytic apparatus, is
      replaced by a lysine. Asp-49 is invariant among the more than 30 venom and
      pancreatic phospholipases A2 sequenced to date, and its beta-carboxylate group
      has been shown to be a ligand for calcium in a binding site which also involves
      contributions from the peptide carbonyl oxygens of Tyr-28, Gly-30, and Gly-32,
      the so-called calcium-binding loop. The change of Asp-49 to a lysine, and other
      substitutions in regions heretofore thought to be invariant, including the
      calcium-binding loop, suggested that the new phospholipases might differ
      functionally with respect to calcium and/or substrate binding. Indeed, although
      the Lys-49 phospholipases A2 show a dependence on calcium similar to that of the
      Asp-49 enzymes, they may be distinguished by the fact that, in the absence of
      phospholipid, they do not bind calcium to any measurable extent under conditions
      where Asp-49 enzymes bind a stoichiometric amount of calcium. Furthermore, in the
      absence of calcium, they show binding to single bilayer phospholipid vesicles
      under conditions where Asp-49 phospholipases do not bind at all. These results
      suggest a reversed order of addition of calcium and substrate in the formation of
      the ternary catalytic complex in the Lys-49 phospholipases A2. Although the
      mechanistic implications of these structural and functional alterations are not
      defined at present, it is clear that Asp-49 is not essential for phospholipase A2
      catalysis and that it does not participate in the enzyme-calcium-phospholipid
      catalytic complex.

PMID- 6438085
TI  - Evidence for a one-electron mechanism of 2-aminofluorene oxidation by
      prostaglandin H synthase and horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the primary arylamine carcinogen 2-aminofluorene
      (2-AF) is oxidized by the prostaglandin H synthase peroxidase to mutagenic and
      electrophilic products capable of covalent binding to macromolecules. The present
      study was designed to identify the potential reactive intermediate(s) responsible
      for binding, and to characterize further the metabolic intermediates in 2-AF
      peroxidation. Both prostaglandin H synthase and horseradish peroxidase, with
      H2O2, oxidize 2-AF to azofluorene, 2-aminodifluorenylamine (2-ADFA), 2
      nitrofluorene, polymeric and nonorganic-extractable material. Both enzymes show
      greater activity at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0. In the presence of either 2-t-butyl-4
      methoxyphenol or 2,6-dimethylphenol, arylamine/phenol adducts were formed in high
      yield, with the nitrogen of either 2-AF or 2-ADFA coupled to the para position of
      the phenol (loss of -OCH3 with 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol). These structures were
      confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Acid hydrolysis of N-hydroxy
      2-AF to yield the nitrenium ion, in the presence of a phenol, also results in
      adduct formation, but only at times greater than 2 h and in very limited yield.
      The peroxidase-catalyzed adduct formation, however is rapid (less than 2 min) and
      extensive. These and other data support a one-electron pathway for 2-AF
      peroxidation, with a free radical or a free radical-derived product responsible
      for binding to protein and DNA. An N-hydroxy intermediate may therefore not be
      obligatory in the enzymatic activation of 2-AF to a mutagenic product.

PMID- 6438086
TI  - Mechanism of the association of HDL3 with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells,
      and fibroblasts. Evidence against the role of specific ligand and receptor
      proteins.
AB  - Human plasma high-density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) has been shown to bind to a
      variety of cells and tissues. In order to investigate the nature of HDL3-cell
      association, we studied the interaction of 125I-HDL3 with porcine aortic
      endothelial cells, rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells, and normal human skin
      fibroblasts. At 37 degrees C, 125I-HDL3 association with endothelial cells was
      nonsaturable. Furthermore, 60% protein digestion of HDL3 by trypsin (T-HDL3)
      actually increased its ability, on a protein weight basis, to associate with
      endothelial cells and to displace 125I-HDL3 from all three cell types. Synthetic
      phospholipid-cholesterol discs containing either apo-A-I or apo-A-II were equally
      effective in displacing 125I-HDL3 from endothelial cells, and phospholipid
      cholesterol vesicles containing no protein also displaced 125I-HDL3 from
      endothelial cells. Neither lipid-free apo-HDL3 nor apo-T-HDL3 was able to
      competitively displace 125I-HDL3. The above competitive displacement data, when
      expressed on a protein weight basis, showed differences in the ability of the
      competitors to displace 125I-HDL3 from cells in the following order of
      effectiveness: discs greater than T-HDL3 greater than native HDL3. When these
      data were expressed on a surface lipid weight basis, all three competitors, as
      well as the lipid vesicles, were approximately normalized to a single competitive
      displacement curve. Studies on the nature of the cellular mediators of HDL3-cell
      association revealed that the cell surface sites were resistant to proteolytic
      treatment. Furthermore, both 125I-HDL3 and 125I-T-HDL3 association with
      fibroblasts preincubated with varying concentrations of cholesterol increased in
      parallel with the free cholesterol content of the cells; although cycloheximide
      blocked this increase in HDL3-cell association, cycloheximide also prevented the
      increase in cholesterol content of cholesterol-treated cells. We conclude that
      the association of HDL3 with the cell types studied is not mediated by specific
      ligand and receptor proteins but rather involves the interaction of cellular
      surface lipids, possibly cholesterol, with the surface lipids of HDL3.

PMID- 6438087
TI  - Comparative enzymology of ultraviolet-induced DNA repair synthesis and
      semiconservative DNA replication in permeable diploid human fibroblasts.
AB  - In nongrowing mammalian cells, DNA repair synthesis following irradiation with
      high doses of UV is almost totally inhibited by aphidicolin, an agent specific
      for DNA polymerase alpha, and presumably is mediated by that polymerase. In this
      paper, several enzymologic characteristics of DNA repair synthesis induced in
      permeable confluent diploid human fibroblasts by high doses of UV have been
      examined and compared with corresponding features of semiconservative DNA
      replication, a process which is also mediated by polymerase alpha. Inhibition of
      UV-induced repair synthesis required doses of aphidicolin about 20-fold higher
      than those needed to inhibit replication, even when the two processes were
      studied at identical salt and nucleotide concentrations. As is the case for
      replication, inhibition of UV-induced repair synthesis by aphidicolin is
      competitive with dCTP. The apparent Ki values for aphidicolin of the two
      processes are similar, 0.2 microM for repair synthesis and 0.1 microM for
      semiconservative replication. In contrast, the apparent Km values for dCTP are
      very different, 0.17 microM for repair synthesis and about 2 microM for
      replication. The apparent Km values for all four deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphates varied together are also very different, 0.07 microM for repair and
      30 microM for replication. These results suggest that either UV-induced DNA
      repair synthesis and semiconservative replication are mediated by two different
      aphidicolin-sensitive DNA polymerases or the two functions are performed by a
      single polymerase (e.g. polymerase alpha) which, as a result of accessory
      proteins or other factors, acquires very different enzymologic characteristics.

PMID- 6438088
TI  - Loss of prothrombin and of factor Xa-factor Va interactions upon inactivation of
      factor Va by activated protein C.
AB  - Activated factor V (factor Va) is composed of two nonidentical subunits which can
      be dissociated on chelation of the bound Ca2+ with EDTA. The isolated subunits
      can be recombined in the presence of Ca2+ to form factor Va. The factor Va heavy
      chain (Mr = 94,000) binds to prothrombin in a specific and Ca2+-independent
      fashion. Following inactivation of either factor Va or the factor Va heavy chain
      by limited proteolysis with activated protein C, factor Va no longer binds to the
      immobilized prothrombin. Factor Va also binds specifically to (p-amidinophenyl)
      methanesulfonyl-factor Xa-Affi-Gel 15. However, neither isolated subunit binds to
      this column. Factor Va inactivated by activated protein C is no longer retained
      by the factor Xa column. This data suggests that both subunits are required for
      optimal factor Va-factor Xa interaction and that inactivation of factor Va with
      activated protein C reduces the affinity of factor Va for both prothrombin and
      factor Xa.

PMID- 6438089
TI  - Biosynthesis and metabolism of 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid by
      human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
AB  - Incubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with [1
      14C]arachidonic acid, followed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography analysis, results in the appearance of two principal radioactive
      products besides 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. The first peak is 12-L-hydroxy
      5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid, a hydrolysis product of the prostaglandin
      endoperoxide. The second peak was esterified, converted to the trimethylsilyl
      ether derivative, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and shown
      to be the lipoxygenase product 15(S)-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15
      HETE). Incubation of the 15-HETE precursor 15(S)-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13
      eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) with endothelial cells results in the formation
      of four distinct UV absorbing peaks. UV and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      analysis showed these peaks to be 8,15(S)-dihydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic
      acids (8,15-diHETE) differing only in their hydroxyl configuration and cis trans
      double-bond geometry. Formation of 8,15-diHETE molecules suggests the prior
      formation of the unstable epoxide molecule 14(S),15(S)-trans-oxido-5,8-Z-14,15
      leukotriene A4 or an attack at C-10 of 15-HPETE by an enzyme with mechanistic
      features in common with a 12-lipoxygenase. The observation that endothelial cells
      can synthesize both 15-HETE and 8,15-diHETE molecules suggests that this cell
      type contains both a 15-lipoxygenase and a system that can synthesize 14,15
      leukotriene A4.

PMID- 6438090
TI  - A heterozygous defect for structurally altered pro-alpha 2 chain of type I
      procollagen in a mild variant of osteogenesis imperfecta. The altered structure
      decreases the thermal stability of procollagen and makes it resistant to
      procollagen N-proteinase.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from a proband with an autosomal dominant variant of
      osteogenesis inperfecta were found to synthesize approximately equal amounts of
      normal pro-alpha 2(I) chains of type I procollagen and pro-alpha 2(I) chains
      which migrated more rapidly when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The structural alteration was present in alpha 2(I)
      CB4, a cyanogen bromide fragment containing amino acid residues 7-327 of the
      alpha 2 chain, and it appeared to be a deletion of about 30 amino acids. The pro
      alpha 2(I) chains with the apparent deletion associated with normal pro-alpha
      1(I) chains synthesized by the same fibroblasts and formed triple-helical type I
      procollagen. The presence of the altered pro-alpha 2 chains in trimers of
      procollagen had two consequences in terms of the physical properties of the
      molecule. One was to decrease the thermal stability of the protein as judged by
      resistance to proteolysis at 37 degrees C and by the helix to coil transition as
      assayed by circular dichroism. The second consequence was to make type I
      procollagen containing the shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chains resistant to digestion
      by procollagen N-proteinase. The simplest explanation for the data is that the
      apparent deletion in half the pro-alpha 2(I) chains produced a partial unfolding
      of the N-terminal region of type I procollagen which prevented processing of the
      protein by procollagen N-proteinase.

PMID- 6438091
TI  - Sodium-induced conformational changes in the glucose transporter of intestinal
      brush borders.
AB  - Using brush-border membranes prepared from rabbit small intestine by Ca2+
      precipitation and KSCN treatment, we have studied the kinetics and conformational
      changes of the glucose carrier. Na+ behaves as a competitive activator of glucose
      transport under zero-trans conditions. Phenyl isothiocyanate and fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC) inhibit Na+-dependent transport in an irreversible but
      substrate-protectable manner. Vesicles pretreated with phenyl isothiocyanate in
      the presence of substrates were then selectively labeled at the glucose carrier
      with FITC. Competition experiments with Na+ and phlorizin or glucose indicated
      that FITC binds to the glucose site on the carrier. Carrier-bound FITC displays a
      saturable quenching of fluorescence in the presence of Na+. The K0.5 of the Na+
      specific quench is 25 mM, which is similar to the apparent Km for Na+ activation
      of glucose transport. Two tyrosine group-specific reagents, N-acetylimidazole and
      tetranitromethane, inhibit glucose uptake and fluorescent quenching in a Na+
      protectable fashion. FITC labeled a 75-kilodalton peptide on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a substrate-sensitive manner. We
      conclude that Na+ binds to the glucose symporter of intestinal brush borders, a
      75-kilodalton peptide, and this induces a rapid conformation change in the
      transporter which increases its affinity for D-glucose.

PMID- 6438092
TI  - Purification and properties of the enzymes from Drosophila melanogaster that
      catalyze the conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to the pyrimidodiazepine
      precursor of the drosopterins.
AB  - The enzyme system responsible for the conversion of 2-amino-4-oxo-6-(D-erythro
      1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihyd roptridine triphosphate (dihydroneopterin
      triphosphate or H2-NTP) to 2-amino-4-oxo-6-acetyl-7,8-dihydro-3H,9H-pyrimido[4,5
      b]-[1,4]diazepine (pyrimidodiazepine or PDA), a precursor to the red eye
      pigments, he drosopterins, has been purified from the heads of Drosophila
      melanogaster. The PDA-synthesizing system consists of two components, a heat
      stable enzyme and a heat-labile enzyme. The heat-stable enzyme can be replaced by
      sepiapterin synthase A, a previously purified enzyme required for the Mg2+
      dependent conversion of H2-NTP to an unstable compound that appears to be 6
      pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (pyruvoyl-H4-pterin). The heat-labile enzyme, purified
      to near-homogeneity and termed PDA synthase (Mr = 48,000), catalyzes the
      conversion of pyruvoyl-H4-pterin to PDA in a reaction requiring the presence of
      reduced glutathione. Because PDA is two electrons more reduced than pyruvoyl-H4
      pterin, the reducing power required for this transformation is probably supplied
      by glutathione. The PDA-synthesizing system requires the presence of another
      thiol-containing compound such as 2-mercaptoethanol when incubation conditions 2
      mercaptoethanol is no longer required. Evidence is presented to indicate that the
      Drosophila eye color mutant, sepia, is missing PDA synthase.

PMID- 6438093
TI  - Biosynthesis of proteodermatan sulfate in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - Biosynthesis and secretion of proteodermatan sulfate produced by cultured human
      skin fibroblasts were investigated employing immunological procedures. During an
      incubation period of 10 min in the presence of [3H]leucine, two core protein
      forms of Mr = 46,000 and 44,000, respectively, were synthesized. They were
      converted to mature proteodermatan sulfate with a half-time of approximately 12
      min. Fifty per cent of total mature proteodermatan sulfate were found in the
      culture medium after a 35-min chase. Six to eight per cent remained associated
      with the cell layer after a chase of 6 h. In the presence of tunicamycin,
      fibroblasts synthesized a single core protein of Mr = 38,000 that was converted
      to mature proteodermatan sulfate and secreted with similar kinetics as the N
      glycosylated species. Subtle differences in the molecular size of core proteins
      were noted when cell-associated and secreted proteodermatan sulfate were degraded
      with chondroitin ABC lyase, but core proteins free of N-linked oligosaccharides
      were identical. Labeling with [3H]mannose revealed that secreted proteodermatan
      sulfate contains two or three complex-type or two complex-type and one high
      mannose-type N-linked oligosaccharide chains. The N-glycans are bound to a 21-kDa
      fragment of the core protein. After incubation in the presence of
      [3H]glucosamine, the [3H]galactosamine/[3H]glucosamine ratio was 3.76 and 3.30
      for secreted and cell-associated proteodermatan sulfate, respectively. Evidence
      for the presence of O-linked oligosaccharides could not be obtained. Small
      amounts of core protein free of dermatan sulfate chains were secreted when the
      cultures were treated with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside.

PMID- 6438094
TI  - Maturation of alpha-mannosidase in Dictyostelium discoideum. Acquisition of
      endoglycosidase H resistance and sulfate.
AB  - alpha-Mannosidase from Dictyostelium discoideum is a heterogenous glycoprotein
      which is derived from a precursor as a result of proteolytic processing. Its
      oligosaccharides are phosphorylated and sulfated. We investigated the sulfation
      of the enzyme by means of pulse-chase labeling and specific immunoprecipitation
      followed by endoglycosidase H treatment and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. The earliest detectable form of the precursor was shown to
      be glycosylated and sensitive to endoglycosidase H. With time some of its
      oligosaccharides were sulfated and became partially resistant to endoglycosidase
      H. In the same time period, the precursor was proteolytically cleaved, yielding
      four species with different molecular masses (46-58 X 10(3) daltons). When first
      generated each of these was sensitive to endoglycosidase H but with time the
      54,000- and 58,000-dalton forms developed degrees of endoglycosidase H
      resistance. The fully mature cleaved forms all contained sulfate. Sulfate from
      pulse-labeled precursor could only be detected in two of the forms implying that
      sulfation of the others occurs either after precursor cleavage or before cleavage
      but subsequent to the pulse period. When secretion of precursor was triggered by
      starvation only the endoglycosidase H-resistant forms were secreted.

PMID- 6438095
TI  - Identification of a large interrupted helical domain of disulfide-bonded
      cartilage collagen.
AB  - In order to characterize a larger form of disulfide-bonded cartilage collagen,
      explants of 17-day embryonic chick sterna were cultured in the presence of [3H]
      proline. Radioactive collagen chains and fragments that were synthesized and
      secreted into the culture medium were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. After limited pepsin
      digestion of the medium, two discrete disulfide-bonded collagen fragments were
      detected with Mr = 210,000 and 153,000. These fragments contained 28 and 17.5%,
      respectively, of the radioactivity in the alpha 1(II)-chains. The smaller
      fragment (called M) produced three components upon reduction (Mr = 104,000,
      51,000, and 31,000) and seemed to represent the previously reported collagens,
      HMW and M1. The larger fragment (called N) has not been previously described and
      gave rise to three components upon reduction (Mr = 140,000, 69,000, and 49,000).
      Prolonged pepsin treatment resulted in the gradual decrease of N with a
      corresponding increase of M, suggesting the conversion of N to M. CNBr peptide
      mapping demonstrated that all M-derived peptides were present in N and that N
      contained extra peptides that account for its larger size. These observations
      suggest that N represents a larger more intact form of cartilage-derived
      disulfide-bonded collagen.

PMID- 6438096
TI  - Synthesis of two hydroxy fatty acids from 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid by
      human platelets.
AB  - Platelets metabolize 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5(n-3] into 11
      hydroxy-7,9,13,16,19- and 14-hydroxy-7,10,12,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid via an
      indomethacin-insensitive pathway. Time-dependent studies with 20 microM substrate
      show a lag in the synthesis of both the 11- and 14-isomers which was not observed
      for the synthesis of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid, and 12
      hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) from arachidonic acid. When
      platelets were incubated with increasing concentrations of 22:5(n-3), the 11- and
      14-isomers were not produced until the substrate concentration exceeded 5 microM
      unless arachidonic acid was also added to the incubations. The stimulatory effect
      of arachidonic acid was not blocked by indomethacin thus suggesting that 12
      hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid or 12-HETE derived from arachidonic acid may
      activate the platelet lipoxygenase(s) which metabolize 22:5(n-3). Incubations
      containing 20 microM 22:5(n-3) and increasing levels of [1-14C]arachidonic acid
      show that the (n-3) acid inhibits the synthesis of both 5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic
      acid and TXB2 from arachidonic acid. At the same time, 12-HETE synthesis
      increased due to substrate shunting to the lipoxygenase pathway.

PMID- 6438097
TI  - Secretogogue-stimulated phosphatidylinositol breakdown in the exocrine pancreas
      liberates arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and glycerol by sequential actions of
      phospholipase C and diglyceride lipase.
AB  - When mouse pancreatic "minilobules" prelabeled with either [14C]arachidonic acid
      (AA), [14C]stearic acid (SA), or [3H]glycerol were stimulated with the
      secretogogue, caerulein, there was a 60-70% loss in radioactivity in
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) at 30 min. This loss was accompanied by the formation
      of [14C] phosphatidic acid (PA), [14C]diacylglycerol (DG), [14C] triacylglycerol
      (TG), and free [14C]AA, [14C]SA, and [3H]glycerol. The loss in radioactive PI was
      the same as the loss in chemically measured PI-phosphorus. Thirty to fifty per
      cent of the caerulein-induced loss of prelabeled PI could be accounted for as
      free [14C]AA, [14C]SA, or [3H]glycerol. Increased incorporation of fatty acid or
      glycerol residues into DG, PA, and TG accounted for the balance of the loss in
      PI. The specific DG-lipase inhibitor, RHC 80267, markedly inhibited the caerulein
      stimulated release of [14C]AA, [14C]SA, and [3H]glycerol and roughly doubled the
      caerulein-induced increment in [14C]AA-, [14C]SA-, or [3H]glycerol-labeled DG,
      showing that the source of the caerulein-induced increment in fatty acids and
      glycerol was DG. When the PI was prelabeled with either [32P] orthophosphate,
      [3H]myoinositol, or [3H]glycerol, only 1% or less of the radioactivity in PI was
      in lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and there was no increase in radioactivity in
      LPI on stimulation with caerulein. These observations, taken together, argue
      strongly for a phospholipase C-catalyzed breakdown of PI followed by DG-lipase
      and argue against any significant involvement of phospholipase A2 in PI
      degradation in mouse pancreas. The formation of substantial amounts of free
      [14C]AA on stimulation supports the view that, among other things, the
      phosphoinositide effect in the exocrine pancreas serves to generate arachidonate
      (and its metabolites). The release of appreciable amounts of free fatty acids and
      glycerol shows that a significant portion of the DG formed as a result of
      caerulein-stimulated PI breakdown is not conserved in the phosphoinositide cycle.

PMID- 6438098
TI  - Developmental profiles and properties of hepatic peroxisomal apo- and
      mitochondrial holoalanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase during chick embryogenesis.
AB  - Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase was present as the apoenzyme in the
      peroxisomes and as the holoenzyme in the mitochondria in chick embryos. The
      peroxisomal enzyme predominated in the early stage and gradually decreased during
      embryonic development and disappeared after hatching. In contrast, the
      mitochondrial enzyme gradually increased and predominated in the later stage of
      chick embryos. Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in chick embryos
      was a single peptide with a molecular weight of about 40,000. The enzyme differed
      from the mitochondrial enzyme in the embryos, and mammalian alanine:glyoxylate
      aminotransferases 1 (with a molecular weight of about 80,000 with two identical
      subunits) and 2 (with a molecular weight of about 200,000 with four identical
      subunits) in molecular weights and immunological properties. Mitochondrial
      alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in chick embryos had an identical molecular
      weight and immunologically cross-reacted with mammalian mitochondrial
      alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dissociated easily
      from the peroxisomal enzyme saturated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Hepatic
      aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and alanine:2-oxoglutarate
      aminotransferase in chick embryos, and hepatic alanine:glyoxylate
      aminotransferases in different animal species were all present as the holoenzyme.

PMID- 6438099
TI  - Identification of the lysine and tyrosine peptides labeled by 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine in the NADH inhibitory site of glutamate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - 5'-p-Fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (5'-FSBA) is a specific affinity label for
      the inhibitory NADH site of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. Reaction of the
      enzyme with 5'-FSBA results in the loss of inhibition by high concentrations of
      NADH with covalent attachment of 0.53 sulfonylbenozyladenosine/subunit, i.e.
      modification of three subunits of the hexameric enzyme. Equal amounts of N
      epsilon-(4-carboxybenzenesulfonyl)lysine (Lys-(CBS] and O-(4
      carboxybenzenesulfonyl)tyrosine (Tyr-(CBS] are found throughout the course of the
      reaction (Saradambal, K. V., Bednar, R. A., and Colman, R. F. (1981) J. Biol.
      Chem. 256, 11866-11872). Modified enzyme, prepared by incubating 2 mg/ml
      glutamate dehydrogenase with 0.3 mM 3H-labeled 5'-FSBA at pH 8 for 1 h, was
      carboxymethylated and digested with thermolysin. Two nucleosidyl peptides were
      isolated by a combination of chromatography on phenyl boronate-agarose, high
      performance liquid chromatography in ammonium bicarbonate and high-performance
      liquid chromatography in trifluoroacetic acid. By comparison of the amino acid
      analysis and NH2-terminal residue of each isolated peptide with the known amino
      acid sequence of the enzyme, the peptides were identified as Leu-Gly-Arg-Lys(CBS)
      and Ile-Gly-His-Tyr(CBS)-Asp. These sequences correspond to residues 417-420 and
      187-191, respectively. Lys-420 and Tyr-190 of glutamate dehydrogenase react with
      5'-FSBA, and both are apparently located in the NADH inhibitory site.

PMID- 6438100
TI  - The enzyme that cleaves apolipoprotein A-II upon in vitro incubation of human
      plasma high-density lipoprotein-3 with blood polymorphonuclear cells is an
      elastase.
AB  - The proteolytic activity directed against apolipoprotein A-II (apo-A-II) which is
      released from human blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) when they are incubated
      with human plasma high-density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) was studied to assess the
      properties and site specificity of the enzyme. When 125I-apo-A-II-labeled HDL3
      was incubated with the PMN protease at 37 degrees C, a complete cleavage of apo-A
      II was observed which paralleled the formation of bands of approximately 11,000
      and 7,000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      The 7,000-dalton component had the following N-terminal sequence: NH2-Thr-Asp-Tyr
      Gly-Lys-Asp-Leu-Met-Glu-Lys. This corresponds to residues 19 through 28 of the
      intact apo-A-II monomer. Methoxysuccinyl (MeO-Suc)-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val
      chloromethylketone-(CH2Cl) caused a 90% inhibition of apo-A-II hydrolysis at the
      highest concentration tested (6 X 10(-4)M). Besides apo-A-II, the PMN enzyme also
      hydrolyzed a synthetic substrate, MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-4-nitroanilide and its
      4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide analogue. The protease appeared to have a mass of 28,000
      daltons as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of the [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate-labeled PMN enzyme. That the PMN enzyme
      which cleaves apo-A-II is an elastase was derived from the following criteria: 1)
      cleavage at the Val-X bond in apo-A-II and in the two synthetic substrates
      studied; 2) prevention of the cleavage by MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl, a known
      specific elastase inhibitor; and 3) a mass comparable to that reported for a pure
      PMN elastase. These studies establish that apolipoproteins can be suitable
      substrates for enzymes of the elastase family.

PMID- 6438101
TI  - Swainsonine and castanospermine blockade of mannose glycoprotein uptake by
      macrophages. Apparent inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis by endogenous
      ligands.
AB  - Receptor-mediated uptake of mannose-terminated glycoproteins by macrophages is
      blocked by treating the cells with swainsonine, an inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase
      II, and by castanospermine, an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum processing
      enzyme alpha-glucosidase. Both inhibitors are known to cause accumulation of
      unprocessed oligosaccharide chains terminating in mannose. Inhibition of ligand
      uptake by the drugs was time- and dose-dependent. Swainsonine produced a maximal
      effect after 2 h; castanospermine required 5-6 h. Following swainsonine
      treatment, complete recovery of mannose receptor activity required 24 h and was
      blocked by cycloheximide suggesting that new receptor synthesis was necessary.
      Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of oligosaccharide assembly, had no effect on uptake of
      mannosylated ligands, but tunicamycin pretreatment reduced the sensitivity to
      swainsonine. These effects of swainsonine and castanospermine appear to be
      specific, other macrophage pinocytosis receptors (e.g. mannose phosphate) or
      phagocytosis of yeast particles were unaffected. Moreover, swainsonine had no
      effect on the fibroblast mannose phosphate receptor. The ability of macrophages
      to process newly synthesized oligosaccharides was blocked following treatment
      with swainsonine. Normal processing was fully recovered 24 h after removal of the
      drug. Mannosidase II was partially inactivated by swainsonine treatment and only
      a portion was recovered after 24 h. Treatment of macrophages with swainsonine
      also resulted in an increase in net lysosomal enzyme secretion. Inhibition of
      mannose-specific receptor-mediated endocytosis in macrophages by swainsonine and
      castanospermine appears to be due to the formation of mannose-terminated membrane
      glycoproteins which engage the mannose receptor thereby preventing function.
      These results suggest a novel mechanism for regulation of receptor-mediated
      endocytosis.

PMID- 6438102
TI  - K+/H+ antiport in heart mitochondria.
AB  - Heart mitochondria depleted of endogenous divalent cations by treatment with
      A23187 and EDTA swell in (a) K+ acetate or (b) K+ nitrate when an uncoupler is
      present. These mitochondria also exchange matrix 42K+ with external K+, Na+, or
      Li+ in a reaction that does not require respiration and is insensitive to
      uncouplers. Untreated control mitochondria do not swell in either medium nor do
      they show the passive cation exchange. Both the swelling and the exchange
      reactions are inhibited by Mg2+ and by quinine and other lipophilic amines.
      Swelling and exchange are both strongly activated at alkaline pH, and the
      exchange reaction is also increased markedly by hypotonic conditions. All of
      these properties correspond to those reported for a respiration-dependent
      extrusion of K+ from Mg2+-depleted mitochondria, a reaction attributed to a
      latent Mg2+- and H+-sensitive K+/H+ antiport. The swelling reactions are strongly
      inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide reacted under hypotonic conditions, but the
      exchange reaction is not sensitive to this reagent. Heart mitochondria depleted
      of Mg2+ show marked increases in their permeability to H+, to anions, and
      possibly to cations, and the permeability to each of these components is further
      increased at alkaline pH. This generalized increase in membrane permeability
      makes it likely that K+/H+ antiport is not the only pathway available for K+
      movement in these mitochondria. It is concluded that the swelling, 42K+ exchange,
      and K+ extrusion data are all consistent with the presence of the putative K+/H+
      antiport but that definitive evidence for the participation of such a component
      in these reactions is still lacking.

PMID- 6438103
TI  - Enzymatic and organizational difference in expression of a Burkitt lymphoma
      associated antigen (globotriaosylceramide) in Burkitt lymphoma and lymphoblastoid
      cell lines.
AB  - In our previous study, a Burkitt lymphoma-associated antigen defined by a
      monoclonal antibody, designated 38.13, was characterized as globotriaosylceramide
      (Gb3, Gal alpha 1----4 Gal beta 1----4 Glc beta 1----1 Cer) (Nudelman, E.,
      Kannagi, R., Hakomori, S., Parsons, M., Lipinski, M., Wiels, J., Fellous, M., and
      Tursz, T. (1983) Science (Wash. D.C.) 220, 509-511). Consequently, we have
      studied the enzymatic basis and organization of Gb3 expression in Burkitt as
      compared with non-Burkitt lymphoblastoid cell lines. Burkitt lymphoma cell lines
      (Ramos, Daudi, Put) were characterized by a high chemical quantity of Gb3, high
      enzyme activity for synthesis of Gb3 (UDP-Gal:LacCer alpha
      galactosyltransferase), and a high degree of surface exposure of Gb3, as
      determined by galactose oxidase/NaB[3H]4 and by cytofluorometry with the
      monoclonal antibody to Gb3 (38.13). Non-Burkitt lymphoblastoid cell lines
      (Priess, Remb1, and ARH77) were characterized by the absence of Gb3 at the cell
      surface detected by cytofluorometry or cell-surface labeling. The cell lines
      Priess and Remb1 did not contain Gb3 and showed a low alpha-galactosyltransferase
      activity for Gb3 synthesis. However, the cell line ARH77, though it did not
      express Gb3 at the cell surface, was found to contain a large chemical quantity
      of Gb3 and a high level of alpha-galactosyltransferase activity for Gb3
      synthesis. However, Gb3 of ARH77 cells was exposed by sialidase treatment, but
      not by protease treatment, although Gb3 itself was not sialylated. The crypticity
      of Gb3 in ARH77 cells could be associated with an adjacent sialosyl residue of a
      second glycoconjugate at the cell surface, in the same way as Gg3 in mouse
      lymphoma L5178 (Urdal, D. L., and Hakomori, S. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6869
      6874). Thus, the expression in Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphoma is dependent on
      (i) Gb3 synthesis due to alpha-galactosyltransferase activity and (ii) membrane
      organization of Gb3, which may be controlled through interaction with the
      sialosyl residue of a second glycoconjugate.

PMID- 6438104
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of carbon monoxide oxidase in Pseudomonas
      carboxydovorans. The enzyme is attached to the inner aspect of the cytoplasmic
      membrane.
AB  - The localization of carbon monoxide oxidase (CO oxidase), the key enzyme in CO
      metabolism of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans, was examined using modified
      immunoferritin and protein A-gold techniques. Cell extracts were incubated with
      specific immunoglobulin G antibodies raised against CO oxidase, followed by
      treatment with ferritin-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies
      (pre-embedding labeling). Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections
      showed cytoplasmic membranes and inside-out vesicles labeled at the inner aspect,
      whereas the outer sides of protoplasts and membrane vesicles remained completely
      unlabeled. The highly sensitive protein A-gold method has been modified to allow
      labeling of CO oxidase with good ultrastructural preservation of the bacterial
      cell. Glutaraldehyde-fixed cells of P. carboxydovorans were osmificated and
      embedded in glycol methacrylate. Etched ultrathin sections were treated with
      sodium metaperiodate and incubated with the specific antibodies against CO
      oxidase. These antibodies were then allowed to react with protein A-gold
      complexes (postembedding labeling). Exponentially grown cells showed 87% of CO
      oxidase associated with the cytoplasmic membrane and 13% of the enzyme in the
      cytoplasm. The results indicate that CO oxidase is attached in vivo to the inner
      aspect of the cytoplasmic membrane and suggest interaction of the enzyme with a
      membrane-bound electron acceptor. The ratio of enzyme associated with the
      cytoplasmic membrane decreased to 50% in the stationary growth phase.

PMID- 6438105
TI  - Cartilage link proteins. Biochemical and immunochemical studies of isolation and
      heterogeneity.
AB  - Native and clostripain-derived link proteins from proteoglycan aggregates were
      separated by gel chromatography in 4 M guanidine HCl from low-buoyant-density
      proteoglycan and proteoglycan hyaluronic acid-binding region after extraction
      from adult bovine nasal cartilage and the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. Separations
      were monitored with Laurell immunoelectrophoresis using precipitating antibodies
      to link protein, hyaluronic acid-binding region, and low-buoyant-density
      proteoglycan. These immunoanalyses, with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel analyses, revealed the usefulness of this combined approach when assessing
      the purities and identities of these molecules. Using these isolated link
      proteins we provide data suggesting the presence of two immunologically
      detectable forms of link proteins of the same molecular weight. On
      immunoelectrophoresis both rat and bovine link proteins of a single molecular
      weight each produced two precipitin reactions with antibody to link protein. They
      were of similar intensity for native molecules but of different intensity for
      clostripain-isolated link protein. Isoelectric focusing in 6 M urea revealed that
      the 48,000 and 44,000 molecular weight link proteins of bovine nasal cartilage
      together produce a complex pattern of many bands. Link proteins of a single
      molecular size produced a much simpler, predominantly five-banded focusing
      pattern. Immunoelectrophoresis of the electrofocused clostripain rat link protein
      (42,000) revealed that the three major central bands each produced double
      precipitin reactions. Mixing of native and clostripain-derived link protein in 4
      M guanidine HCl followed by dialysis to 6 M urea prior to isoelectric focusing
      did not change the focusing position of the individual bands. This suggests that
      the heterogeneity of focusing forms was due to the existence of different
      isoforms. The double precipitin reactions may be due to the existence of two
      different conformations expressing different epitopes of the kind reported
      previously by Thonar et al. (Thonar, E. J.-M. A., Kimura, J. H., Hascall, V. C.,
      and Poole, A. R. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14173-14180).

PMID- 6438106
TI  - Purification of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (antiactivator) synthesized
      by endothelial cells.
AB  - Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells are associated with an unusually stable
      fibrinolytic inhibitor (Loskutoff, D.J., van Mourik, J.A., Erickson, L.A., and
      Lawrence, D. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2956-2960). This inhibitor
      was purified to apparent homogeneity from medium conditioned by these cells by a
      combination of concanavalin A affinity chromatography and preparative sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is a single-chain
      glycoprotein of apparent Mr 50,000 +/- 2,500 and isoelectric point of 4.5-5.0,
      and inhibits the ability of both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator
      to cleave and active plasminogen. This inhibition of plasminogen activator
      activity is associated with the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex which
      can be detected after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate. The purified inhibitor retains full activity after
      incubation in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, or at pH 2.7, two
      treatments which rapidly destroy the activity of protease nexin, another cellular
      inhibitor of fibrinolysis. The inhibitor purified from cloned endothelial cells
      cultured in the presence of L-[3,4,5-3H]leucine represented 2.5-12% of the total
      radiolabeled protein released by the cells in a 24-h period. These results
      indicate that cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells synthesize and secrete a
      protein which inhibits plasminogen activators and is distinct from protease
      nexin. It is a major endothelial cell product, and, as such, probably plays an
      important role in regulating the fibrinolytic system of these cells.

PMID- 6438107
TI  - Immediate internal fixation of open ankle fractures. Report of thirty-eight cases
      treated with a standard protocol.
AB  - We reviewed thirty-eight cases of open ankle fractures that had been treated with
      a standard protocol: alignment and splinting of the fracture at the scene of
      injury if possible, antibiotics administered in the emergency room and continued
      for forty-eight hours, admission of the patient to the operating room as quickly
      as possible, copious irrigation and thorough debridement of the wound, immediate
      rigid anatomical internal fixation, and delayed primary closure at five days. All
      of the fractures united, but three patients required subsequent ankle fusion
      because of cartilage damage noted at the initial operation. Of the thirty-five
      ankles with complete follow-up, the functional result was excellent in twenty-six
      and fair or poor in nine.

PMID- 6438108
TI  - Detection of pulmonary emboli after total hip replacement using serial C15O2
      pulmonary scans.
AB  - 15-O-labeled carbon dioxide (C15O2) was used for the detection of preoperative
      and postoperative pulmonary emboli in seventy-three patients, more than forty
      years old, who had undergone a total hip replacement. When the C15O2 scan was
      suggestive of pulmonary embolism, it was followed by conventional perfusion and
      ventilation (V/Q) scans. If these also suggested the presence of embolism,
      pulmonary angiography was done. Three different prophylactic agents against
      venous thromboembolic disease had been used in the seventy-three patients.
      Seventeen (23 per cent) of the seventy-three patients had a positive C15O2
      pulmonary scan followed by a positive ventilation-perfusion scan and a positive
      pulmonary angiogram that showed pulmonary emboli. Fourteen (83 per cent) of these
      patients with proved pulmonary emboli were asymptomatic. Fifteen additional
      patients also had a positive C15O2 scan. However, twelve of them had either
      negative ventilation-perfusion scans or chest radiographs that demonstrated
      atelectasis, and did not have a pulmonary angiogram. Three patients with a
      positive C15O2 scan had a negative pulmonary angiogram. Two of them had a
      ventilation-perfusion scan that was interpreted as showing probable pulmonary
      emboli, and the remaining patient did not have a ventilation-perfusion scan.
      Forty-six per cent of the patients with positive C15O2 scans did not have
      pulmonary emboli. This sensitive and readily repeatable test provides an
      excellent means of detection of silent emboli, an improved method of evaluating
      the efficacy of prophylactic agents, and the opportunity to correlate the site,
      size, and onset of deep-vein thrombosis with pulmonary emboli in vivo.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438109
TI  - Pseudoachondroplasia: biochemical and histochemical studies of cartilage.
AB  - Cartilage from patients with pseudoachondroplasia is characterized by unique
      inclusions in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and proteoglycan
      abnormalities have been suggested in this form of dwarfism. To elucidate the
      nature of the proteoglycan defect, we determined the amount of the individual
      glycosaminoglycans present in iliac-crest cartilage of three patients and
      extracted the proteoglycan monomers from one of the samples. Sections of iliac
      crest cartilage and proximal fibular growth plates were examined by electron
      microscopy and also stained with hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O-fast green,
      and alcian blue in the presence of increasing concentrations of magnesium
      chloride (zero to one molar). The chondrocytes of the iliac crest and fibular
      physes were arranged in clusters more than in columns and contained
      characteristic endoplasmic reticulum inclusions, which were particularly large in
      the hypertrophic cells. The cartilage stained very poorly with hematoxylin and
      eosin and with safranin O-fast green. The alcian-blue stain was abolished from
      perilacunar areas and from longitudinal septa by magnesium chloride
      concentrations that were lower than those required by normal tissue. The
      proteoglycans of iliac-crest cartilage were found to be significantly enriched in
      keratan sulphate and had a below-normal ratio of chondroitin-4-sulphate to
      chondroitin-6-sulphate, although the amount of the two isomeric chondroitin
      sulphates combined was within normal limits. The urinary excretion of
      glycosaminoglycan by the three patients was normal. Pseudoachondroplasia appears
      to be a generalized cartilage disorder involving abnormalities of proteoglycans,
      probably related to the core protein or to enzymes that are responsible for the
      formation of the glycosaminoglycan chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438110
TI  - Stabilization of biliary drainage catheters.
AB  - Accidental pulling-out of internal biliary catheters can still occur despite
      adequate fixation at the skin. We have combined the non-suture method with
      catheter molding in an attempt to prevent dislodgement of the catheter.

PMID- 6438111
TI  - Biosynthesis of high density lipoprotein by chicken liver: conjugation of nascent
      lipids with apoprotein A1.
AB  - To study the assembly of newly synthesized lipids with apoprotein A1, we
      administered [2-3H]glycerol to young chickens and determined the hepatic
      intracellular sites of lipid synthesis and association of nascent lipids with
      apoprotein A1. [2-3H]glycerol was rapidly incorporated into hepatic lipids,
      reaching maximal levels at 5 min, and this preceded the appearance of lipid
      radioactivity in the plasma. The liver was fractionated into rough and smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cell fractions. The isolated cell fractions were
      further subfractionated into membrane and soluble (content) fractions by
      treatment with 0.1 M Na2CO3, pH 11.3. At various times, the lipid radioactivity
      was measured in each of the intracellular organelles, in immunoprecipitable
      apoprotein A1, and in materials that floated at buoyant densities similar to
      those of plasma lipoproteins. Maximal incorporation occurred at 1 min in the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, at 3-5 min in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and
      at 5 min in the Golgi cell fractions. The majority (66-93%) of radioactive
      glycerol was incorporated into triglycerides with smaller (4-27%) amounts into
      phospholipids. About 80% of the lipid radioactivity in the endoplasmic reticulum
      and 70% of that in the Golgi cell fractions was in the membranes. The radioactive
      lipids in the content subfraction were distributed in various density classes
      with most nascent lipids floating at a density less than or equal to 1.063 g/ml.
      Apoprotein A1 from the Golgi apparatus, obtained by immunoprecipitation,
      contained sixfold more nascent lipids than did that from the endoplasmic
      reticulum. These data indicate that [2-3H]glycerol is quickly incorporated into
      lipids of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi cell fractions, that most of
      the nascent lipids are conjugated with apoproteins A1 in the Golgi apparatus, and
      that very little association of nascent lipid to apoprotein A1 occurs in the
      endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6438112
TI  - Characterization of electric field-induced fusion in erythrocyte ghost membranes.
AB  - Fusion has been reported to occur in a variety of membrane systems in response to
      the application of certain electric currents to the medium (Zimmermann, U., 1982,
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 694:227-277). The application of a weak but continuous
      alternating current causes the membranes in suspension to become rearranged into
      the "pearl-chain" formation. Fusion can then be induced by one or more strong
      direct current pulses that cause pore formation. This results in the conversion
      of individual membranes in the "pearl-chain" formation to a single membrane with
      one or more hourglass constrictions that form lumens which connect the
      cytoplasmic compartments. As the diameter of the lumens increases, the overall
      membrane shape grows to one large sphere. To further characterize electric field
      induced fusion, experiments were conducted using the erythrocyte ghost as a model
      membrane, and a new combination of electrical circuit and fusion chamber that is
      simpler and improved over previous systems. All odd-shaped ghosts (collapsed or
      partly collapsed spherical shapes, echinocytes, discocytes, and stomatocytes) in
      30 mM phosphate buffer was first converted to spherocytes and then fused with
      increasing yields by increasing the number of pulses. After fusion, the lateral
      diffusion of a fluorescent lipid soluble label (Dil) from labeled to unlabeled
      membranes was observed to occur both with and without the appearance in phase
      contrast optics of distinct communication (lumens) between cytoplasmic
      compartments of the fused membranes. Connections between cytoplasmic
      compartments, however, were unmistakable with the instant transfer of a
      fluorescent water-soluble label (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran) from labeled
      to unlabeled cytoplasmic compartments upon fusion. Although pulses still resulted
      in the lateral diffusion of Dil to unlabeled membranes, the presence of glycerol
      in the medium strongly reduced the yield of lumens observable by phase-contrast
      optics in fusion events. The presence of glycerol also inhibited the conversion
      of membranes to spherocytes, but did not inhibit the lateral diffusion of Dil
      from labeled to unlabeled membranes.

PMID- 6438113
TI  - Assembly properties of fluorescein-labeled tubulin in vitro before and after
      fluorescence bleaching.
AB  - Brain tubulin has been conjugated with dichlorotriazinyl-aminofluorescein (DTAF)
      to form a visualizable complex for the study of tubulin dynamics in living cells.
      By using several assays we confirm the finding of Keith et al. (Keith, C. H., J.
      R. Feramisco, and M. Shelanski, 1981, J. Cell Biol., 88:234-240) that DTAF
      tubulin polymerizes like control tubulin in vitro. The fluorescein moiety of the
      complex is readily bleached by the 488-nm line from an argon ion laser. When
      irradiations are performed over short times (less than 1 s) and in the presence
      of 2 mM glutathione, a mixture of DTAF-tubulin and control protein (as occurs
      after microinjection of the fluorescent conjugate into living cells) will retain
      full polymerization activity. Slow bleaching (approximately 5 min) or bleaching
      without glutathione promotes formation of covalent cross-links between
      neighboring polypeptides and kills the polymerization activity of DTAF-tubulin,
      including some molecules that are neither cross-linked nor bleached. Even under
      conditions that damage DTAF-tubulin, however, DTAF-microtubules are not destroyed
      by bleaching. They will continue to elongate by addition of DTAF-tubulin subunits
      to their free ends, and they neither bind nor exchange subunits along their
      lateral surfaces. These results suggest that DTAF-tubulin is a suitable analog
      for tubulin, both in studies of protein incorporation and for investigations of
      fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching.

PMID- 6438114
TI  - Characterization of cytoplasmically oriented Golgi proteins with a monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - BALB/c mice were repeatedly immunized with a galactosyl transferase-rich
      microsomal fraction of rat myeloma cells. Spleen cells were subsequently fused
      with Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cells, the resulting hybridomas were cloned, and their
      secreted Ig was screened for reactivity with antigens belonging to the Golgi
      complex. One such monoclonal antibody, 6F4C5, gave especially intense
      immunofluorescent staining of the Golgi area of myeloma cells and fibroblasts. It
      recognized two proteins bands on immunoblots of gel-fractionated cell lysates: a
      major one with an estimated Mr of 54,000 and a minor one at 86,000. Both proteins
      were concentrated in microsomal fractions isolated at low ionic strength. They
      were hydrophilic judging from partitioning of a Triton X-114 cell lysate. Both
      were cytoplasmically oriented as demonstrated by protease and high KCl treatments
      of postmitochondrial supernatants and microsomal fractions. Neither was retained
      by columns of insolubilized wheat germ agglutinin or concanavalin A, which
      suggests that they are not glycoproteins. Their more detailed location in the
      Golgi complex was studied by immunoelectron microscopy, using a saponin
      permeabilization procedure and peroxidase-conjugated reagents. The observed
      staining was restricted to two or three cisternae in the medial part of the
      stack. Nevertheless, differential centrifugation experiments indicated that the
      two antigens may be recovered in distinct subcellular fractions: this may be
      related to the unexpected observation that rather low salt concentrations strip
      the antigens from microsomal fraction.

PMID- 6438115
TI  - The relationship between stress fiber-like structures and nascent myofibrils in
      cultured cardiac myocytes.
AB  - The topographical relationship between stress fiber-like structures (SFLS) and
      nascent myofibrils was examined in cultured chick cardiac myocytes by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibodies against muscle-specific light
      meromyosin (anti-LMM) and desmin were used to distinguish cardiac myocytes from
      fibroblastic cells. By various combinations of staining with rhodamine-labeled
      phalloidin, anti-LMM, and antibodies against chick brain myosin and smooth muscle
      alpha-actinin, we observed the following relationships between transitory SFLS
      and nascent and mature myofibrils: (a) more SFLS were present in immature than
      mature myocytes; (b) in immature myocytes a single fluorescent fiber would stain
      as a SFLS distally and as a striated myofibril proximally, towards the center of
      the cell; (c) in regions of a myocyte not yet penetrated by the elongating
      myofibrils, SFLS were abundant; and (d) in regions of a myocyte with numerous
      mature myofibrils, SFLS had totally disappeared. Spontaneously contracting
      striated myofibrils with definitive Z-band regions were present long before anti
      desmin localized in the I-Z-band region and long before morphologically
      recognizable structures periodically link Z-bands to the sarcolemma. These
      results suggest a transient one-on-one relationship between individual SFLS and
      newly emerging individual nascent myofibrils. Based on these and other relevant
      data, a complex, multistage molecular model is presented for myofibrillar
      assembly and maturation. Lastly, it is of considerable theoretical interest to
      note that mature cardiac myocytes, like mature skeletal myotubes, lack readily
      detectable stress fibers.

PMID- 6438116
TI  - Stimulation of DNA-mediated transformation by UV irradiation of recipient (mouse
      FM3A) cells.
AB  - DNA-mediated transformation for thymidine autotrophs (Tk+) was stimulated
      severalfold when the recipient (mouse FM3A) (Tk-) cells were preirradiated by UV
      light. The effect was most prominently seen with the cells irradiated 12-16 hours
      prior to DNA addition. A similar stimulatory effect was observed when the cells
      were treated with novobiocin or mitomycin C. The effect, however, was blocked
      when cycloheximide was present during postirradiation period, suggesting that de
      novo protein synthesis is required for producing the effect. Most of the Tk+
      transformants arised from the UV-irradiated cells carried the donor DNA sequences
      in their chromosomes.

PMID- 6438117
TI  - Treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine plus a spermidine analog leads to
      spermine depletion and growth inhibition in cultured L1210 leukemia cells.
AB  - Of the three biological polyamines, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and
      spermine (Spm), the relevance of Spm to cell proliferation has yet to be defined
      because of our general inability to deplete it selectively in intact cells. In
      the present study, Spm depletion was accomplished by treating cultured L1210
      cells for 96 hr with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and an analog of Spd
      such as aminopropylcadaverine, N4-methylSpd, N4-ethylSpd, or homoSpd. DFMO, a
      specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, halts continued polyamine
      biosynthesis and the Spd analog serves as a functional substitute for Spd. Thus,
      while the Spd analog fulfills the role(s) of Spd in cell proliferation, Spm
      becomes steadily depleted. In cells treated with DFMO plus the analog,
      aminopropylcadaverine, Spm pools decline steadily and growth inhibition occus
      after 48 hr (when Spm pools decline to 60% of control). By 96 hr, Spm is
      approximately 15% of control and growth is less than 30%. Prevention studies with
      exogenous polyamines confirm a causal relationship between Spm depletion and
      growth inhibition. The critical levels of polyamines for cell proliferation to
      take place were found to be 30% of control for Spd and 60% for Spm. The use of
      DFMO plus a Spd analog is proposed as a system for studying the cellular
      consequences of Spm depletion. Spd depletion can be achieved for comparison
      purposes by treating cells with DFMO alone.

PMID- 6438118
TI  - Effects of cystic fibrosis serum on calcium influx and secretion using isolated
      tracheal epithelial cells.
AB  - Hamster trachea epithelial (HTE) cells were shown to respond to 20% cystic
      fibrosis serum (CFS) by secreting twice as much protein as in the presence of 20%
      normal human serum (NHS). Serum from obligate heterozygotes (HHS) produced an
      intermediate effect. A peak of Ca2+ entry into the HTE cells occurred about 30
      min after exposure to 20% CFS, followed by a slow decline to basal levels. In
      contrast, 20% NHS did not cause an influx of Ca2+ and HHS produced an influx to
      about half that of CFS. Increasing concentrations (5-30%) of pooled NHS had no
      effect on HTE cell Ca2+ uptake or secretion, but pooled CFS and HHS caused
      progressive increases in Ca2+ influx and protein secretion from 10 to 25% sera.
      The CFS-induced Ca2+ influx and secretion were about twice those of HHS
      throughout the range of serum concentrations tested, suggesting the presence of a
      modulatory influence in HHS. When EGTA was used to chelate extracellular Ca2+ in
      the presence of CFS, Ca2+ influx was prevented and there was no stimulation of
      secretion. Ionophore A23187 allowed Ca2+ entry into HTE cells in the presence or
      absence of serum and a heightened level of secretory activity followed. The time
      course of Ca2+ influx under the influence of CFS was shown to correspond to the
      efflux of Na+ from the cells. Also verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocking agent,
      inhibited CFS-induced Ca2+ influx by 50% at 10(-5)M and prevented secretion.
      Thus, it appears that CFS, but not NHS, contains an agent which stimulates Ca2+
      uptake into HTE cells by means of a Ca2+ channel and/or Na+-Ca2+ exchange
      mechanism, and that increased intracellular Ca2+ levels then trigger secretion.
      The intermediate HTE cell response to HHS suggests that half of the CFS
      stimulatory agent is present as would be expected in a gene dose effect, lending
      support for a genetic basis for CF.

PMID- 6438119
TI  - Modulation of Ca2+-mediated K+-gating of erythrocyte ghosts by external Ca-EGTA.
AB  - Using 86Rb+ as a marker for K+ permeability, we find that extracellular Ca-EGTA
      influences the rate of 86Rb+ efflux from erythrocyte ghosts preloaded with 86Rb+
      and "buffered" Ca2+. At an internal free Ca2+, where the rate of 86Rb+ efflux is
      minimal and uninfluenced by either external EGTA or external Ca2+, external Ca
      EGTA at 0.2-0.5 mM can raise the flux rate to as high as can be attained by
      raising internal Ca2+, in the presence of an excess externally either of Ca2+ or
      of EGTA. Higher concentrations of Ca-EGTA (up to 1-2 mM) diminish the flux rate.
      External Ca-EDTA or Mg-EDTA can substitute for Ca-EGTA in enhancing and
      suppressing flux rate. The peak rate is insensitive to external free Ca2+ but
      depends on internal Ca2+; internal Mg-EDTA does not substitute for internal Ca
      EGTA. Thus, the erythrocyte membrane is asymmetric with respect to its
      interaction with Ca2+ and Ca-EGTA. Also, 22Na+ does not substitute for 86Rb+. The
      peak rate of 86Rb+ flux produced by external Ca-EGTA is diminished by
      chlorpromazine (0.1 mM) and augmented by 1-propranolol (25 microM), in the same
      way as the rate produced by increasing internal Ca2+. The results suggest that
      external Ca-EGTA enhances the affinity of internal Ca2+ for its receptor(s) which
      operate the K+-gate at the inner surface of the membrane. At external
      concentrations of Ca-EGTA above 1-2 mM, 86Rb+ flux rate again rises with increase
      of Ca-EGTA. This phenomenon does not depend upon internal Ca2+, is not affected
      by chlorpromazine or by 1-propranolol, and is associated with an enhanced
      permeability to 22Na+, inulin, and haemoglobin.

PMID- 6438120
TI  - The in vitro cell culture age and cell density of articular chondrocytes alter
      sulfated-proteoglycan biosynthesis.
AB  - The effect of cell culture age and concomitant changes in cell density on the
      biosynthesis of sulfated-proteoglycan by rabbit articular chondrocytes in
      secondary monolayer culture was studied. Low density (LD, 2 d), middle density
      (MD, 5-7 d), and high density (HD, 12-15 d) cultures demonstrated changes in
      cellular morphology and rates of DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis was highest at LD
      to MD densities, but HD cultures continued to incorporate [3H]-thymidine. LD
      cultures incorporated 35SO4 into sulfated-proteoglycans at a higher rate than MD
      or LD cultures. The qualitative nature of the sulfated-proteoglycans synthesized
      at the different culture ages were analyzed by assessing the distribution of
      incorporated 35SO4 in associative and dissociative CsCl density gradients and by
      elution profiles on Sepharose CL-2B. Chondrocytes deposited into the
      extracellular matrix (cell-associated fraction) 35SO4-labeled proteoglycan
      aggregate. More aggregated proteoglycan was found in the MD and HD cultures than
      at LD. A 35SO4-labeled aggregated proteoglycan of smaller hydrodynamic size than
      that found in the cell-associated fraction was secreted into the culture medium
      at each culture age. The proteoglycan monomer (A1D1) of young and older cultures
      had similar hydrodynamic sizes at all cell culture ages and cell densities. The
      glycosaminoglycan chains of A1D1 were hydrodynamically larger in the younger LD
      cultures than in the older HD cultures and consisted of only chondroitin 6 and 4
      sulfate chains. A small amount of chondroitin 4,6 sulfate was detected, but no
      keratan sulfate was measured. The A1D2 fractions of young LD cultures contained
      measurable amounts of dermatan sulfate; no dermatan sulfate was found in older MD
      or HD cultures. These studies indicated that chondrocytes at LD synthesized a
      proteoglycan monomer with many of the characteristics of young immature articular
      cartilage of rabbits. These results also indicated that rapidly dividing
      chondrocytes were capable of synthesizing proteoglycans which form aggregates
      with hyaluronic acid. Culture age and cell density appears primarily to modulate
      the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan types and chain length. Whether or not these
      glycosaminoglycans are found on the same or different core proteins remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 6438121
TI  - Diminution of microtubular organelles after experimental reduction in cell size
      in the ciliate, Dileptus.
AB  - Organelles of two kinds were studied: nemadesmata and transverse fibres, which
      are kinetosomal rootlets in oral parts of Dileptus. A diminution of microtubule
      number and length was found in organelles of size-reduced and regenerating cells,
      as compared to normal ones. It appeared, however, that organelles reduced in size
      were always larger and longer than could be expected on a basis of perfectly
      proportional regulation. The results give some insight into the modes of
      formation and regulation of the size of these organelles.

PMID- 6438122
TI  - A kinetic evaluation of blood-brain barrier permeability in human brain tumors
      with [68Ga]EDTA and positron computed tomography.
AB  - Twelve patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors were evaluated with
      [68Ga]ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and positron computed tomography. Using
      a two-compartment tracer kinetic model, forward (K1) and reverse (k2) rate
      constants for molecular diffusion across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were
      obtained and averaged 0.0029 +/- 0.0016 (mean +/- SD) ml/min/g for K1 and 0.0310
      +/- 0.0156 min-1 for k2. Most tracer kinetic models are based on the assumption
      that tissue radioactivity contains no vascular component or require independent
      measures of cerebral blood volume (CBV) which are then subtracted from the
      measure tissue activity. The model in this work differs from that approach by
      assuming a vascular compartment in the tissue kinetic data. This vascular
      parameter is estimated from sequential measurements of activity concentrations in
      regions with an intact BBB or from measurements of 68Ga concentrations in the
      plasma (the input function). Thus, this approach does not require the assumption
      of a zero vascular contribution, does not require a separate measurement of CBV,
      and uses the criteria of constrained estimation to provide estimates of the local
      CBV and molecular diffusion through the BBB. Estimates of the relative CBV of the
      lesions in four studies (three subjects) with [68Ga]EDTA correlated well with
      those obtained with the C15O hemoglobin technique (correlation coefficient of
      0.97).

PMID- 6438123
TI  - A method to quantitate the fractional extraction of rubidium-82 across the blood
      brain barrier using positron emission tomography.
AB  - Previously, rubidium-82 and positron emission tomography (PET) have been used to
      assess qualitatively the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this
      report, a method is described to measure the fractional extraction of rubidium
      across the BBB using the constant intravenous infusion of rubidium-82. In
      addition, the continuous inhalation of oxygen-15-labelled carbon dioxide is
      needed to measure regional CBF, and it is also necessary to measure regional
      cerebral blood volume. The assumptions underlying the model are identified, and
      the impact of deviations from these assumptions is described. From radiation dose
      and statistical considerations, it is shown that for normal cerebral tissue and
      the PET scanner used in this study, the rubidium extraction fraction can be
      quantitated only for regions as large as a cerebral hemisphere. However,
      quantitation is also possible for smaller regions where the focal extraction of
      rubidium is increased.

PMID- 6438124
TI  - Long-lasting reduction of cortical blood flow of the brain after spreading
      depression with preserved autoregulation and impaired CO2 response.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to examine the cerebral perfusion after
      spreading depression with special emphasis on its relation to the perfusion
      changes in migraine. The cerebrovascular reactivity to changes of arterial PCO2
      tension in the range of 24-70 mm Hg and to changes of MABP in the range of 55-150
      mm Hg was studied in the rat brain after one episode of cortical spreading
      depression. Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured in the frontal, parietal, and
      occipital cortex, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum of both hemispheres after
      the intravenous bolus injection of [14C]iodoantipyrine. rCBF decreased in the
      cortical regions to 69-73% of control values for 1 h after spreading depression
      in every single rat, but remained unchanged in the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
      CBF changed with alterations of arterial carbon dioxide tension in all brain
      regions. In control regions, CBF changed by 2.8-3.9% per mm Hg PaCO2 change,
      whereas in the spreading depression cortex, CBF changed by only 1.3-1.5%. The
      difference between control and spreading depression cortex was significant at p
      less than 0.001, indicating a reduced CO2 sensitivity of the cortical regions
      invaded by spreading depression. rCBF remained unchanged in all brain regions in
      the MABP range of 80-150 mm Hg, reflecting the intact autoregulatory function of
      the two sides, and at a MABP of less than 80 mm Hg, rCBF decreased in parallel in
      symmetrical regions. It is concluded that the hypoperfusion after spreading
      depression is due to a vasoconstrictor stimulus overriding the vasodilatory
      effect of acid pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438125
TI  - Effect of dihydroergocristine on energy metabolism studied in the isolated
      perfused rat brain affected by ischemia and in neuroblastoma cells deprived of
      oxygen and glucose.
AB  - The effect of dihydroergocristine on energy metabolism was studied in the
      isolated perfused rat brain affected by ischemia and in cultivated C-1300
      neuroblastoma cells deprived of oxygen and glucose. Creatine phosphate, ATP, ADP,
      AMP, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6
      diphosphate, pyruvate, and lactate were measured enzymatically. After a perfusion
      period of 30 min, the cortex of the isolated perfused rat brain exhibited an
      energy state not different from that in vivo. Dihydroergocristine added to the
      perfusion medium (5 mumol/L) did not influence these substrate levels under
      normal perfusion conditions. However, this drug was able to retard the breakdown
      of high-energy phosphates during ischemia and to accelerate the restoration of
      the energy state during the postischemic reperfusion period. The perfusion rate
      was not changed by the drug, and therefore it was assumed that
      dihydroergocristine could act directly on cell metabolism. This view was
      supported by the results obtained from experiments using cultivated N-2a
      neuroblastoma cells. These cells were incubated in a buffered salt solution
      deprived of glucose and oxygen for 15 min. Under these conditions,
      dihydroergocristine (2 mumol/L) added to the incubation medium caused changes in
      the concentrations or the high-energy phosphates similar to those in the isolated
      brain preparation: It increased the ATP concentration and decreased the ADP
      concentration significantly.

PMID- 6438126
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: the role of blood transfusion.

PMID- 6438127
TI  - Recurrent hematemesis and diffuse 'gooseflesh'.

PMID- 6438128
TI  - Ureteral narrowing without urinary symptoms: two cases.

PMID- 6438129
TI  - Long-term care insurance.

PMID- 6438130
TI  - Frequency of effects.

PMID- 6438131
TI  - An invasive hemangioma and failure to thrive.

PMID- 6438132
TI  - Chromosome-10 defects in two newborn infants.

PMID- 6438133
TI  - Endogenous opiates.

PMID- 6438134
TI  - ST-segment elevation in a preoperative ECG.

PMID- 6438135
TI  - Osteoarthritis: pathophysiology, clinical features, management.

PMID- 6438136
TI  - Humanizing scientists.

PMID- 6438137
TI  - Syphilitic nephropathy in a 10-year-old boy?

PMID- 6438138
TI  - Ophthalmologic signs in genetic disease.

PMID- 6438139
TI  - The pathogenesis of gallstones.

PMID- 6438140
TI  - Determination of carbon dioxide at the ppm level: a statistical comparison of a
      single-filament and a four-filament thermal conductivity detector.

PMID- 6438141
TI  - Molecular weight determination of hyaluronic acid and its separation from mouse
      skin extract by high-performance gel permeation chromatography using a precision
      differential refractometer.

PMID- 6438142
TI  - Rapid and sensitive assays using high-performance liquid chromatography to
      measure the activities of phase II drug metabolising enzymes: glucuronyl
      transferase and sulfotransferase.

PMID- 6438143
TI  - Rapid separation and quantitative determination of khellin and visnagin in Ammi
      visnaga (L.) Lam. fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6438144
TI  - Separation of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation of Aroclor 1254 on various reversed-phase columns was
      investigated. The results show that the cyano- and phenyl-bonded columns
      performed poorly, but C18 bonded columns gave better results. It was also found
      that the absorption wavelength at which the effluent is monitored has great
      effect on the detection of these isomers. The optimum conditions for the
      separation and detection are: C18, 5 micron; reversed-phase column, 20 cm X 4.6
      mm I.D.; acetonitrile-water (60-40); flow-rate 1.5 ml/min; detection at 210 nm or
      205 nm.

PMID- 6438145
TI  - Fluorescence determination of 5-fluorouracil and 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5
      fluorouracil in blood serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Fluorescence derivatization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)
      5-fluorouracil (ftorafur, FT) with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin using 18-crown
      6 as a catalyst is studied with aim of developing a sensitive and selective
      liquid chromatographic method. 5-FU and FT form virtually substituted derivatives
      which possess maxima in their fluorescence emission spectra near 400 nm. These
      derivatives are separated by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance
      liquid chromatography to confirm the completion of reaction. For the
      determination of 5-FU and FT in serum, the reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatographic separation of the derivatives is studied with a C13 column. This
      chromatography is of importance for the accurate determination of 5-FU and FT,
      which are, respectively, an important antitumour agent for the treatment of solid
      tumours in clinical medicine and a masked form of 5-FU generated in vivo.

PMID- 6438146
TI  - Direct determination of valproate in minute whole blood samples.

PMID- 6438147
TI  - A quantitative method of identifying older persons at risk for increasing long
      term care services.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the utility of upper and lower extremity
      performance, grip strength, and mental status as predictors of stability or
      chronic deterioration in a cohort of frail older persons. The study population
      consisted of a random sample of forty patients selected from residents of an
      intermediate level care facility. Demographic information, manual ability, mental
      status, grip strength, mobility, active and resolved medical problems,
      medications, and professional's estimate of each participant's likelihood of
      requiring skilled nursing care were obtained within 2 weeks after identifying the
      sample. Manual ability, mental status, grip strength, and mobility were included
      in a Performance Index to predict functional ability. Study participants were
      followed for 2 years to observe which individuals remained at the intermediate
      care level and which persons required transfer to skilled nursing care. Of the 27
      persons who completed the study, 21 persons remained stable (Group 1) and 6
      individuals were transferred to skilled nursing care (Group 2) over the 2 year
      follow-up period. Group comparisons of the mean values revealed statistically
      significant differences for age, manual ability and the Performance Index. The
      Performance Index was a statistically significant predictor of increasing
      dependency (p less than 0.005). Within Group 1, no patients had a performance
      score which suggested a poor outcome; only one person in Group 2 had a prediction
      of the favorable outcome. Professional judgement correctly predicted 16 of the 21
      persons in Group 1 and 2 of the 6 persons in Group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6438148
TI  - [The response of human eosinophils to calcium ionophore A 23187].

PMID- 6438149
TI  - [Rate of detection of P. aeruginosa from inpatients and healthy subjects].

PMID- 6438150
TI  - Teratogenic effects of dosage levels and time of administration of carbamazepine,
      sodium valproate, and diphenylhydantoin on craniofacial development in the CD-1
      mouse fetus.
AB  - The objective of this investigation was to study the teratogenic effects of
      dosage levels and time of administration of three anticonvulsant drugs
      (carbamazepine [CMZ], sodium valproate [NaV], and diphenylhydantoin [DPH]) on
      craniofacial development in the CD-1 mouse fetus. Pregnant females were intubated
      on each of days 8-10, 11-13, 14-16, and 8-16 of gestation with the following dose
      levels for each drug: 375, 563, 938 mg/kg CMZ; 225, 338, 563 mg/kg NaV; 50, 75,
      125 mg/kg DPH. Appropriate control groups were maintained for each drug. On
      gestation day 17, pregnant females were killed and implantation sites were
      recorded as live, dead, or resorbed. All live fetuses were examined for
      craniofacial defects. Results of examination of 1,398 fetuses indicated that CMZ,
      NaV, and DPH were teratogenic and embryotoxic at all dose levels. This study
      indicated that the observed decrease in mean fetal weight was drug-, dose-, and
      time-dependent. There was a drug-, dose-, and time-dependent increase observed in
      the number of dead fetuses, whereas the number of resorbed fetuses was observed
      to be only time-dependent. The observed frequencies of hydrocephalies, secondary
      palatal clefts, and submucous palatal clefts were significant for all three
      factors (drug, dose, and time) whereas the observed frequencies of hematomas and
      exencephalies were significant only for drug and time. Cleft lips were observed
      only in the highest dose level of DPH. Uterine horn distribution of defects
      indicated that fetuses located at the proximal end of the horns were less subject
      to major defects than those fetuses located at the distal end of the uterine
      horns. Fetuses with craniofacial hematomas were found in the proximal one-third
      of the uterine horn, resorbed fetuses, and fetuses with submucous palatal clefts
      in the middle one-third of the uterine horns and dead fetuses and fetuses with
      exencephalies, cleft lips, and secondary palatal clefts were localized in the
      distal one-third of the uterine horns. In comparing the effect of drug, dosage,
      and time on the development of craniofacial malformations in the CD-1 mouse
      fetus, CMZ was the least teratogenic and embryotoxic of the three anticonvulsant
      drugs employed in this study.

PMID- 6438151
TI  - Behaviour of odontogenic epithelial cells in primary culture.
AB  - Odontogenic epithelial cells in primary culture easily adhere to the substratum
      through close and focal contacts. The adhesion processes of well-spread cells are
      found to be heterogeneous with respect to sensitivity to divalent
      cations/chelating agents. When cells are detached by mechanical forces, material
      remains attached to the substratum, which shows an enrichment in actin,
      intermediate filament components, and a protein with a MW of 130,000 daltons. The
      cytoskeleton is visualized after Triton-X 100 extraction. Microfilaments are
      abundant at the ventral side of cells in contact with the substratum.
      Intermediate filaments and microfilament bundles are observed close to the
      nuclear surface. Stress fibers end and ravel out at the ventral side of the cell
      in sites corresponding to focal contacts. In some regions cells in contact with
      the substratum deposit extracellular material with the ultrastructural aspect of
      a basal lamina. This material is associated to hemidesmosomes in early stages.

PMID- 6438152
TI  - The "FACES" syndrome: a new syndrome with unique facies, anorexia, cachexia, and
      eye and skin lesions.
AB  - A new syndrome with unique facial features, anorexia, cachexia, eye and skin
      anomalies affecting three family members is described. A possible mode of
      inheritance is suggested and various aspects of the phenotype are discussed.

PMID- 6438153
TI  - Bile salt stimulation of colonic epithelial proliferation. Evidence for
      involvement of lipoxygenase products.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and several other prostaglandins synthesized by colon
      suppress the proliferative activity of colonic epithelium. However, bile salts
      stimulate colonic epithelial proliferation despite the actions of bile salts to
      enhance the release of arachidonate and consequent colonic synthesis of PGE2. The
      current study was conducted to assess whether bile salt-induced increases in
      colonic formation of arachidonate metabolites other than PGE2 were linked to the
      stimulation of the proliferative activity of colonic epithelium. Within 10 min of
      addition, deoxycholate markedly stimulated the in vitro release of
      [14C]arachidonate from prelabeled rat colon. When given in vivo by intracolonic
      instillation deoxycholate (10 mumol) increased colonic accumulation of
      immunoreactive prostaglandin E (PGE), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and the lipoxygenase
      product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by two to fourfold over control
      in 30 min. This effect of intracolonic deoxycholate was followed by a ninefold
      increase in mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity (4 h), and a subsequent two
      to threefold increase in [3H]thymidine [( 3H]Thd) incorporation into DNA of
      either mucosal scrapings or isolated pools of proliferative colonic epithelial
      cells (24 h). Intracolonic instillation of indomethacin (50 mumol) suppressed to
      low or undetectable levels both basal colonic accumulation of PGE and TXB2 and
      the increases in each parameter induced by subsequent instillation of
      deoxycholate. By contrast, indomethacin enhanced accumulation of 12-HETE in both
      control colons and those subsequently exposed to deoxycholate. The increases in
      12-HETE induced by indomethacin alone were correlated with stimulation of mucosal
      ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H]Thd incorporation into mucosal DNA.
      Indomethacin also enhanced the increases in these parameters induced by
      deoxycholate. Intracolonic instillation of phenidone (25-100 mumol) suppressed
      accumulation of PGE, TXB2, and 12-HETE in control colons and the increases in
      these parameters induced by a subsequent instillation of deoxycholate. Phenidone
      alone did not alter mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity or [3H]thymidine
      incorporation into mucosal DNA. However, phenidone suppressed or abolished
      increases in these parameters induced by a subsequent instillation of
      deoxycholate. 4-(2-[IH-imidazol-1-yl]ethoxy) benzoic acid hydrochloride UK
      37,248, which selectively reduced colonic TXB2 to undetectable levels without
      altering PGE or 12-HETE, had no effect on control or deoxycholate-induced
      increases in mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity or [3H]Thd incorporation
      into DNA. Neither indomethacin nor phenidone altered the increases in
      [(14)C]arachidonate release induced in vitro by deoxycholate. Chenodeoxycholate
      and cholate also stimulated [(14)C]arachidonate release from colon in vitro
      within 10 min, and increased colonic 12-HETE (30 min) and mucosal ornithine
      decarboxylase activity (4 h) upon intracolonic installation. Prior installation
      of phenidone inhibited the increases in both 12-HETE and ornithine decarboxylase
      activity induced by these bile salts. The results support a role for bile salt
      induced increases in colonic accumulation of lipoxygenase products, as reflected
      by 12-HETE, in the subsequent stimulation of the proliferative activity of
      colonic epithelium.

PMID- 6438154
TI  - Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with plasminogen. Modulation of
      activation by tissue activator.
AB  - Thrombospondin (TSP), a multifunctional alpha-granule glycoprotein of platelets,
      binds fibrinogen, fibronectin, heparin, and histidine-rich glycoprotein and thus
      may play an important role in regulating thrombotic influences at vessel
      surfaces. In this study we have demonstrated that purified human platelet TSP
      formed a complex with purified human plasminogen (Plg). Complex formation was
      detected by rocket immunoelectrophoresis of mixtures of the purified radiolabeled
      proteins. Significant complex formation of fluid-phase Plg with adsorbed TSP was
      also demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The complex
      formation was specific, saturable, and inhibited by excess fluid-phase TSP, with
      an apparent KD of approximately 35 nM. In both ELISA and rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis systems, complex formation was inhibited by 10 mM epsilon
      amino-n-caproic acid, implying that there is a role for the lysine binding sites
      of Plg in mediating the interaction. TSP also formed a complex with plasmin as
      detected by ELISA but did not directly inhibit plasmin activity measured with a
      synthetic fluorometric substrate or with a 125I-fibrin plate assay. TSP, when
      incubated with Plg before addition to 125I-fibrin plates significantly inhibited
      the generation of plasmin activity by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in a
      manner that was calcium dependent. A kinetic study of Plg activation by TPA in
      the presence of TSP demonstrated that Michaelis-Menten kinetics were followed and
      that TSP acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. These studies support the
      hypothesis that TSP, acting as a multifunctional regulator in focal areas of
      active hemostasis, could serve as a prothrombotic influence, leading to increased
      deposition of fibrin.

PMID- 6438155
TI  - Pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in the parenterally fed rat.
AB  - Hepatic steatosis frequently complicates total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Some
      of the mechanisms responsible were examined in rats receiving calories as
      dextrose (CHO-TPN) or dextrose plus lipid emulsion (Lipid-TPN). Hepatic
      triglyceride content increased approximately threefold after CHO-TPN and twofold
      after Lipid-TPN (P less than 0.02). Hepatic triglyceride fatty acid composition
      reflected endogenous synthesis. Hepatic acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase specific
      activity increased fourfold after CHO-TPN and twofold after Lipid-TPN, and it
      correlated positively with hepatic lipid content (r = 0.82). The activities of
      the microsomal enzymes of complex lipid synthesis were unchanged in the TPN
      groups. Both TPN regimens suppressed hepatic triglyceride secretion, measured by
      the rise in plasma triglyceride and the incorporation of [14C]palmitic acid into
      plasma triglyceride after intravenous Triton. Hepatic triglyceride secretion
      correlated negatively with total hepatic lipid content (r = -0.89). CHO-TPN
      increased the uptake of a radiolabeled triglyceride emulsion and increased
      hepatic lipase activity, whereas Lipid-TPN decreased both. Both adipose and
      cardiac lipase were higher for Lipid-TPN animals than for CHO-TPN or control
      animals. Hepatic 14C-triglyceride content was increased in both TPN groups as
      compared with controls after the injection of 1-[14C]-palmitic acid. This
      increment was proportional to the decreased hepatic secretion. Triglyceride fatty
      acid oxidation was significantly suppressed by CHO-TPN, less so by Lipid-TPN.
      Free fatty acid oxidation was suppressed only by CHO-TPN. The results suggest
      that the steatosis induced by TPN in rats was due to enhanced hepatic synthesis
      of fatty acid and reduced triglyceride secretion. Reduced hepatic triglyceride
      uptake, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and enhanced peripheral tissue plasma
      triglyceride lipolysis when CHO-TPN is supplemented with lipid may modulate the
      accumulation of hepatic triglyceride and, along with reduced synthesis of fatty
      acid, lead to a lower hepatic triglyceride content.

PMID- 6438156
TI  - Nonenzymatic glycation of human lens crystallin. Effect of aging and diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - We have examined the nonenzymatic glycation of human lens crystallin, an
      extremely long-lived protein, from 16 normal human ocular lenses 0.2-99 yr of
      age, and from 11 diabetic lenses 52-82-yr-old. The glucitol-lysine (Glc-Lys)
      content of soluble and insoluble crystallin was determined after reduction with H
      borohydride followed by acid hydrolysis, boronic acid affinity chromatography,
      and high pressure cation exchange chromatography. Normal lens crystallin, soluble
      and insoluble, had 0.028 +/- 0.011 nanomoles Glc-Lys per nanomole crystallin
      monomer. Soluble and insoluble crystallins had equivalent levels of glycation.
      The content of Glc-Lys in normal lens crystallin increased with age in a linear
      fashion. Thus, the nonenzymatic glycation of nondiabetic lens crystallin may be
      regarded as a biological clock. The diabetic lens crystallin samples (n = 11) had
      a higher content of Glc-Lys (0.070 +/- 0.034 nmol/nmol monomer). Over an age
      range comparable to that of the control samples, the diabetic crystallin samples
      contained about twice as much Glc-Lys. The Glc-Lys content of the diabetic lens
      crystallin samples did not increase with lens age.

PMID- 6438157
TI  - Different stages of B cell differentiation in non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement was evaluated in 19 cases of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and correlated with the immunological phenotypic
      expression on primary or phorbol diester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      [TPA])-induced cells. One case of common ALL (cALL), one case of T-ALL, and one
      undifferentiated acute leukemia that responded to anti-myeloid drugs after
      unsuccessful anti-lymphoid induction therapy, had germ line heavy chain genes.
      Rearranged immunoglobulin genes were instead found in 15 of the 16 cALL cases
      studied and in a case of non-T, non-B, non-common ("null") ALL, which suggested
      the B cell origin of the neoplastic cells. All cases bearing a heavy chain gene
      rearrangement were HLA-DR positive. However, the unique cALL case with a germ
      line configuration was also HLA-DR positive, which confirmed that both the cALL
      antigen and HLA-DR antigen were not per se expression of B cell commitment. On
      the other hand, a complete search for B cell-related markers (BA-1 and B1
      monoclonal antibodies, as well as cytoplasmic immunoglobulins [CyIg]) in the cALL
      cases showed that at least one B cell marker could be detected either on primary
      or on TPA-induced cells in all cases in which a gene rearrangement had occurred.
      Incubation with TPA allowed the detection of one B cell marker in a case in which
      the primary cells were negative, and increased the expression of B cell markers
      in all but one of the cALLs tested. The only cALL case that was not rearranged
      expressed no B cell markers either on primary or on TPA-induced cells. The non-T,
      non-B, non-common ("null") case that was rearranged also showed no phenotypic
      evidence of B cell markers on primary and induced cells. These findings indicate
      that: (a) practically all cases of cALL appear to be of B cell origin as shown by
      gene rearrangement analysis; (b) DNA studies are relevant for a more precise
      characterization of individual cases of undifferentiated acute leukemia; (c) a
      complete survey for B cell markers may establish the B cell origin of the cALL
      blasts, as long as the analysis on primary cells is complemented by
      differentiation induction assessment; and (d) most cases of non-T ALL appear to
      be characterized by the expansion of neoplastic cells "frozen" at different
      levels along the B cell differentiation pathway, the first detectable marker
      being heavy chain gene rearrangement, followed by BA-1, B1, and CyIg expression.

PMID- 6438158
TI  - Longitudinal studies of fetal growth using volume parameters determined with
      ultrasound.
AB  - To explore the use of three-dimensional parameters in characterizing fetal growth
      with ultrasound, the accuracy of volume measurements and the ability to make such
      measurements during pregnancy have been investigated. Total fetal volumes (TOTV)
      determined with ultrasound in utero were compared to volume measurements obtained
      by hydrostatic weighing following induced abortion at 19.4 (+/- 1.8 SD) weeks,
      menstrual age (MA), and to those calculated from birth weights and density values
      for term fetuses [39.3 (+/- 0.8 SD) weeks, MA]. This study indicated that
      ultrasound measurements underestimate the fetal volume [-9.8 (+/- 9.5 SD)% at 19
      weeks and -19.0 (+/- 9.3 SD)% at 39 weeks]. To assess the possibility of
      obtaining growth curves for volume parameters, 20 normal fetuses [based on crown
      rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and
      abdominal circumference (AC) growth curves, birth weight (WT), crown-heel length
      (CHL) and postnatal examination] with known dates of conception were studied.
      Head volume (HV), thoracic volume (TV), abdominal volume (AV), limb volume (LV)
      and TOTV were measured at 2- to 3-week intervals during the third trimester.
      Mathematical modeling indicated that the linear-cubic (LC) model was optimal for
      HV, TV, AV, and TOTV (R2: 97.3%, 97.2%, 98.1% and 99.4%) while the linear
      quadratic (L-Q) model was optimal for LV (R2: 98.4%). Significant individual
      variation was suggested by the high coefficients of variation (CV) obtained for
      the optimal model coefficients. Inspection of individual growth curves revealed
      the presence of three types, "linear," "concave," and "convex" with the "concave"
      type predominating. The variability was less than that seen in the groups as a
      whole for most subgroups but was still greater than that observed with linear
      parameters. These results indicated that although volume growth curves can be
      obtained, their individual variability is significant and thus more fetuses must
      be studied before standard curves can be defined.

PMID- 6438159
TI  - Pancreatic sonography: past and present.
AB  - Prior to the advent of cross-sectional imaging, the diagnosis of pancreatic
      disease and its extent could not be obtained without surgery. Ultrasound is a
      noninvasive modality which has been evolving over the last 7-10 years. The
      purpose of this review will be to determine the present status of ultrasound in
      the evaluation of adult and pediatric pancreatic disease. Also, its role with
      regard to computed tomography (CT) and interventional techniques will be
      discussed.

PMID- 6438160
TI  - Sonographic appearance of mucocele of the appendix.
AB  - Mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon entity infrequently diagnosed prior to
      surgery or autopsy. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with a palpable right
      lower quadrant mass and/or pain. Barium enema findings are nonspecific and
      include nonfilling of the appendix and occasionally mass impression on the cecum.
      When visualized, calcification of the rim of a right lower quadrant mass may aid
      in diagnosis. The sonographic appearance in two cases is presented and compared
      with that in three other case reports in the literature, illustrating a spectrum
      of sonographic findings. Differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 6438161
TI  - Sonographic appearance of extra-axial fluid collections in the infant: further
      observations.
AB  - Extra-axial fluid collections were identified in six infants by transfontanelle
      cranial sonography. Confirmatory computer tomography (CT) scans were performed
      following the sonograms in five of these patients. These extra-axial fluid
      collections were varied in appearance and could be divided into two types
      depending on their sonographic characteristics. The first group consisted of
      large, usually concave anechoic collections and the second of small extra-axial
      fluid collections best seen in the interhemispheric fissure. The large
      collections were easily identified using a routine 5 MHz transducer system. The
      smaller collections were not well visualized with a 5 MHz system and required a
      7.5 MHz transducer to identify the fluid in the interhemispheric fissure.
      Additionally, the lateral extent of these small collections could not be
      visualized through the anterior fontanelle using either transducer and CT was
      required for definitive evaluation of their lateral extent.

PMID- 6438163
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of occlusion of the celiac axis.

PMID- 6438162
TI  - Accuracy of conceptual age estimation from fetal crown-rump length.
AB  - The accuracy of conceptual age estimated by crown-rump length is not fully
      assessed by Robinson and Fleming in their excellent study. They avoid the problem
      by using the expression "menstrual maturity." We have evaluated predictors of
      fetal age from crown-rump length measurements where conceptual age was calculated
      either from the day of artificial insemination by donor (AID) or from the day of
      ovulation as judged from recordings of basal body temperature (BBT). When the
      date of AID was used as the conception date, better mathematical fits (R2 = 0.92)
      were obtained than when the thermal nadir was used (R2 = 0.86). The distribution
      around the regression line in the AID group is skewed with the 5th-95th
      percentile range being 3.7 days above the line and 7.3 days below the line.
      Similar results were obtained in the BBT group. Possible reasons for these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 6438164
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of gun shot injury to testicle.

PMID- 6438165
TI  - Achondrogenesis type I: ultrasound diagnosis in utero.

PMID- 6438166
TI  - Ultrasound demonstration of renal pelvic urine-debris levels caused by blood
      clot: association with subepithelial hemorrhage.

PMID- 6438167
TI  - Endometriosis of the urinary bladder: demonstration by sonography.

PMID- 6438168
TI  - The posterior gastric wall: a possible source of confusion in the identification
      of the pancreatic duct.

PMID- 6438169
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias: a new echocardiographic technique.

PMID- 6438170
TI  - Sonography of abdominal posttransplant lymphoma.
AB  - Five patients developed abdominal lymphoma an average of 89 months after
      successful renal transplantation. Sonographically, the lymphomas presented as
      bulky intraperitoneal masses or focal deposits in the liver. These lesions
      exhibited good sound transmission and intrinsic patterns ranging from sparse,
      soft echoes to coarse trabeculations. Prompt diagnosis of this serious late
      complication of renal transplantation is crucial.

PMID- 6438171
TI  - Ultrasonic assessment of fetal growth in the nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - Serial ultrasound measurements of fetal growth were made during uncomplicated
      pregnancy in 28 time-mated rhesus monkeys. Gestational sac (GS) size, crown-rump
      length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), head area (HA),
      abdominal circumference (AC), abdominal area (AA), and femur length (FL) were
      measured. Average longitudinal growth curves for each parameter were obtained
      from individual fetal growth curves. Data analysis indicated that the linear
      model was optimal for GS, CRL, HA, AA, and FL. The linear-quadratic model was
      optimal for AC, and the linear-cubic model was optimal for BPD and HC.

PMID- 6438172
TI  - Correlation of ultrasound and pathologic findings in patients with epithelial
      carcinoma of the ovary.
AB  - The findings from preoperative diagnostic ultrasound were compared with operative
      and pathologic findings in patients with ovarian cancer. Twenty laparotomies were
      diagnostic second-look procedures and 21 were therapeutic procedures in patients
      with clinically evident disease. Ultrasound was more reliable in patients with
      clinically suspected disease, but a site by site analysis demonstrated it is
      insensitive for detecting prevertebral adenopathy less than 3 cm in size, thin,
      1.5 cm omental plaques, 5 cm or smaller lesions involving the mesentery or bowel
      and peritoneal masses 2 cm or less in size. Ultrasound was most sensitive in the
      detection of ascites.

PMID- 6438173
TI  - Limitations in the accuracy of peak frequency measurements in the diagnosis of
      carotid disease.
AB  - Peak Doppler frequency is an index of the severity of carotid stenosis.
      Variability in this measurement is examined through in vitro and clinical
      studies. In vitro studies, using a carotid flow model, show that observers locate
      a stenosis and interpret the peak frequency differently, and each observer uses a
      different probe-vessel angle. Clinical studies support these findings. Comparison
      of 304 carotid Doppler studies with arteriograms demonstrates 90% overall
      clinical accuracy. Each observer has a consistent range of peak frequency
      measurements, yet the description of a discrete percent stenosis is limited by
      observer variability.

PMID- 6438174
TI  - The use of ultrasonic fetal head circumference for predicting expected date of
      confinement.
AB  - An ultrasonic fetal head circumference curve was developed from a group of 1278
      ultrasound examinations in 710 normal obstetrical patients. These data were then
      used to compare the accuracy of head circumference (HC) to last menstrual period
      (LMP) and biparietal diameter (BPD) for the prediction of an accurate expected
      date of confinement (EDC) and, thereby calculate gestational age. The mean error
      of the signed differences (+/- standard deviation) for HC was -0.8 +/- 11.1 days,
      which was statistically different from the mean error of -6.1 +/- 10.6 days for
      BPD and -2.8 +/- 17.8 days for LMP. HC may have an advantage over BPD in
      situations where head shape (cephalic index) is significantly altered.

PMID- 6438175
TI  - Transient right to left atrial shunt detected by contrast echocardiography in the
      acute stage of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6438176
TI  - Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of an unusual case of hydranencephaly.

PMID- 6438177
TI  - Drainage of a mucometra under real-time ultrasound guidance.

PMID- 6438178
TI  - Partial abnormal infradiaphragmatic pulmonary venous connection visualized by two
      dimensional abdominal ultrasonography.

PMID- 6438179
TI  - Sonographic differentiation between the multicystic dysplastic kidney and the
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction in utero using high resolution real-time
      scanners employing digital detection.

PMID- 6438180
TI  - Chloroma of the urinary bladder: sonographic findings.

PMID- 6438181
TI  - Preoperative percutaneous pancreatography under real-time sonographic guidance.

PMID- 6438182
TI  - Neonatal proteus mirabilis meningitis and cerebral abscess: diagnosis by real
      time ultrasound.

PMID- 6438183
TI  - Adult Fanconi syndrome progressing to multiple myeloma.
AB  - A case of adult Fanconi syndrome is described in which there was urinary
      excretion of kappa light chains. After 13 years the patient developed overt
      myeloma. She also developed an adenocarcinoma of the colon and an adenocarcinoma
      of the parathyroid gland. These findings are discussed in relation to the known
      association between adult Fanconi syndrome, renal damage, and myeloma.

PMID- 6438184
TI  - Immunological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal and
      polyclonal antibody coagglutination reagents.
AB  - The reliability of immunological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae using
      polyclonal and monoclonal antibody coagglutination reagents has been evaluated.
      When clinical isolates of neisseriae were tested in an "in use" trial the
      sensitivity and specificity of each reagent were similar and the overall
      agreement with carbohydrate utilisation was 97.9% (141/144) for the polyclonal
      antibody reagent and 97.2% (140/144) for the monoclonal reagent. When results of
      testing 13 stock cultures of N lactamica and five stock cultures of beta
      lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis were combined with the results for
      clinical isolates of non-gonococcal neisseriae the agreement with carbohydrate
      utilisation was 86.5% (64/74) for the polyclonal reagent and 97.3% (72/74) for
      the monoclonal reagent: this difference is statistically significant at the 5%
      level. Calculation of positive and negative predictive values showed differences
      in the reliability of the coagglutination reagents when testing Gram negative
      diplococci isolated from various anatomical sites. The value and limitations of
      the polyclonal and monoclonal reagents were similar with respect to anogenital
      isolates: N gonorrhoeae was confirmed by a positive result but not excluded by a
      negative result. The monoclonal reagent was superior for testing throat isolates;
      although a negative result with either reagent confirmed Gram negative diplococci
      as non-gonococcal neisseriae, a positive result with the monoclonal reagent was
      more reliable (predictive value 93%) than a positive result with the polyclonal
      reagent (predictive value 86%).

PMID- 6438185
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical properties of Streptococcus faecalis
      strains reacting with both D and G antisera.
AB  - Thirty one of 60 consecutive isolates of Streptococcus faecalis produced a
      reaction in both D and G streptococcal grouping sera. A close correlation was
      found between this grouping reaction and haemolysin production, resistance to
      erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, and delayed fermentation of
      sorbitol.

PMID- 6438186
TI  - Immune deficiency due to adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      deficiency: a simple diagnostic test.
AB  - A simple method is described for diagnosing adenosine deaminase and purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency using urine. Cellulose thin layer
      chromatography of 1 microliter of urine from affected children was performed and
      deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine were easily detected by phosphorescence at the
      temperature of liquid nitrogen. This test is not expensive and can be done in any
      laboratory. It should be suitable for diagnostic screening in patients with
      immune deficiency.

PMID- 6438187
TI  - Serogrouping of Legionella pneumophila by double diffusion and counter
      immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 6438188
TI  - Value of factor VIII related antigen as a means of demonstrating extramedullary
      megakaryopoiesis.

PMID- 6438189
TI  - Thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex of the echidna, Tachyglossus
      aculeatus.
AB  - Evoked potential studies (Lende, '64) suggest that echidnas have a single,
      topographically organized somatosensory area (SMI) that spans a mediolaterally
      oriented sulcus called sulcus alpha. A motor area (MI) is situated on the
      prealpha gyrus. This study examines the cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents
      of SMI in the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. SMI contains two cytoarchitectonic
      fields. A caudal field extends across the postalpha gyrus and onto the floor of
      sulcus alpha. It has a well-developed layer 4 and a relatively small number of
      medium-sized pyramidal cells in layer 5. The rostral field extends from the floor
      of sulcus alpha onto its rostral bank. It also has a well-developed layer 4 but
      has a large number of large pyramidal cells in layer 5. Layer 4 thins as it is
      followed onto the crown of the prealpha gyrus. The remainder of this gyrus
      contains a single cytoarchitectonic field with a thin layer 4 and a layer 5
      heavily populated with larger pyramidal cells. This field corresponds to the
      physiologically defined motor area MI. Thalamic afferents to SMI were examined by
      placing pressure injections of horseradish peroxidase into the two
      cytoarchitectonic fields. An injection that involved both fields retrogradely
      labeled neurons throughout the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. An
      injection restricted to the caudal field labeled a band of neurons that extends
      rostrocaudally throughout the ventral part of the ventral posterior nucleus. An
      injection restricted to the rostral field labeled a band of neurons situated
      dorsally in the ventral posterior nucleus. No other thalamic groups contained
      labeled neurons comparable to the labeling seen in the intralaminar or posterior
      nuclei following a horseradish peroxidase injection into SI of marsupial or
      placental mammals. These results indicate that SMI in Tachyglossus contains two
      cytoarchitectonic fields that resemble areas 3a and 3b in some placental mammals,
      suggesting that the constellation of cytoarchitectonic fields corresponding to
      areas 4, 3a, and 3b is a basic mammalian character which has been modified in
      marsupial and many placental mammals.

PMID- 6438190
TI  - Mapping the body representation in the SI cortex of anesthetized and awake rats.
AB  - We have used single unit recording techniques to map the representation of
      cutaneous and joint somatosensory modalities in the primary somatosensory (SI)
      cortex of both anesthetized and awake rats. The cytoarchitectonic zones within
      the rat SI were divided into the following main categories: (1) granular zones
      (GZs)--areas exhibiting koniocortical cytoarchitecture (i.e., containing dense
      aggregates of layer IV granule cells), (2) perigranular zones (PGZs)--narrow
      strips of less granular cortex surrounding the GZs, and (3) dysgranular zones
      (DZs)--large areas of dysgranular cortex enclosed within the SI. The narrow strip
      between the SI and the rostrally adjacent frontal agranular cortex was termed the
      "transitional zone" (TZ). Initial computer-based studies of the properties of
      cutaneous receptive fields (RFs) in SI showed that, although there were
      differences in response threshold, adaptability, frequency response, and overall
      RF size and shape of adjacent neurons, the size and location of the "centers" of
      the RFs were quite constant and were similar to those seen in multiple unit
      recordings. The same was true of RFs of single neurons recorded through different
      anesthetic states. The body representation in SI was first mapped by determining
      single unit and unit cluster RFs within a total of 2,170 microelectrode
      penetrations in barbiturate-anesthetized rats. Cutaneous RFs in the GZs were
      quite discrete. Thus, a single, finely detailed, continuous map of the cutaneous
      periphery was definable within the GZs themselves. Only the forepaw had a double
      representation. RFs in the PGZs were larger and more diffuse, but since they
      covered roughly the same skin areas as the RFs in the most closely adjacent GZs,
      they fit into the same body map. Neurons in the DZs were unresponsive to any
      sensory stimuli in the anesthetized animal. In chronically implanted, freely
      moving, awake animals cutaneous RFs were larger and more volatile than in the
      anesthetized, but the accuracy of the map was clearly preserved by the fact that
      the locations of the RF centers (which often must be defined quantitatively) were
      unchanged. The PGZs and DZs in the awake animals exhibited a multimodal
      convergence of cutaneous and joint movement RFs within single vertical
      penetrations, or even on single neurons. Directionally specific and bilateral
      cutaneous RFs were also observed in the DZs. It was concluded the DZs are more
      associational or integrative areas within the SI, but they could not be shown to
      comprise a distinct and separate body representation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6438191
TI  - Anterior thalamic afferents from the mamillary body and the limbic cortex in the
      rat.
AB  - Anterior thalamic afferents from the mamillary body and the limbic cortex were
      studied by using single and double retrograde transport methods in the rat. The
      medial mamillary nucleus was divided on the basis of the cytoarchitecture into
      four subnuclei: the pars medialis centralis, pars medialis dorsalis, pars
      lateralis, and pars basalis. Extensive connections were seen between each of
      these subdivisions of the mamillary body and the anterior thalamic nuclei,
      topographically organized so that the anteromedial thalamic nucleus receives
      projections exclusively from the pars medialis centralis, while the anteroventral
      thalamic nucleus receives projections from the pars medialis dorsalis and pars
      lateralis. Nuclei in the dorsal half of these two mamillary subdivisions project
      predominantly to the medial half of the anteroventral thalamic nucleus, and those
      in the ventral half to the lateral half of the nucleus. The pars basalis was
      found to have numerous projections to the magnocellular part of the anteroventral
      nucleus. All limbic cortical areas send projections bilaterally to all regions of
      the anteromedial nucleus as well as to the parvicellular parts of the
      anteroventral thalamic nucleus, while the anterodorsal nucleus receives
      ipsilateral projections originating exclusively from the preagranular, anterior
      limbic, and cingular regions. The magnocellular part of the anteroventral
      nucleus, however, receives only ipsilateral projections from all of the limbic
      cortex. Some neurons in the infralimbic region also project bilaterally to all of
      the anterior thalamic nuclei except the anterodorsal nucleus. All of these
      cortical projections to the anterior thalamus originate in layers V and VI of the
      limbic cortex.

PMID- 6438192
TI  - Brain research for educators.

PMID- 6438194
TI  - Perceived importance of nursing and health care delivery issues.

PMID- 6438193
TI  - A whole brain approach: nursing orientation.

PMID- 6438195
TI  - Continuing education collaboration: development of a clinical research
      conference.

PMID- 6438196
TI  - Experience in the use of gaming and simulation as an evaluation tool for nurses.

PMID- 6438197
TI  - Living history series: Audrey Spector. Interview by Patricia S. Yoder Wise.

PMID- 6438198
TI  - The nurse's role in hospital based patient education programs for adults.

PMID- 6438199
TI  - Educational preparation: its effects on selection and degree of involvement in
      continuing education activities.

PMID- 6438200
TI  - Roles of acetate and its interactions with glucose and lactate in cow mammary
      tissue.
AB  - Slices from mammary glands from six lactating Holstein cows were incubated in
      Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-based media in the presence of varying concentrations of
      acetate, glucose, and lactate. Conversions of acetate to carbon dioxide, fatty
      acids, citrate, glyceride-glycerol, and lactose were determined. Specific effects
      of beta-hydroxybutyrate and stearate availability also were evaluated.
      Utilization of acetate for all functions usually followed Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics with apparent affinities in the physiological concentration range of
      acetate. Availability of glucose had a large "permissive" effect on acetate to
      conversion to fatty acids. However, acetate metabolism was independent of the
      availability of lactate. Conversion of acetate to glyceride-glycerol was
      significant. This indicates the possibility of bidirectional glycolytic flux,
      which could limit glucose conversion to fatty acids. Addition of stearate caused
      general increases of acetate metabolism. Conversion of acetate to fatty acids,
      carbon dioxide, and citrate was elevated in the absence of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
      The latter observation indicates beta-hydroxybutyrate may not be a required
      initiator of fatty acid synthesis in mammary tissue.

PMID- 6438201
TI  - Effect of photoperiod on milk production and prolactin of Holstein dairy cows.
AB  - Milk yield and composition were measured in 74 Holstein cows and first-calf
      heifers in two experiments comparing varying lengths of photoperiod. High
      pressure sodium vapor lamps provided light intensity at cow eye level of 254 +/-
      26 lx during the day and 132 +/- 9 lx at night in a free stall barn open on two
      sides. The first experiment compared continuous light with 18 h light for 16 wk
      during the winter in animals previously exposed to continuous light. Photoperiod
      had no effect on milk yield or basal concentration of serum prolactin in either
      age group. Peak concentration of prolactin after injection of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone was not affected by photoperiod in heifers but was higher in
      cows exposed to 18 h light. The second experiment compared natural photoperiod (9
      to 12 h light) with 18 h light for 9 wk during the winter in animals previously
      exposed to a natural photoperiod. Photoperiod had no effect on 4% fat-corrected
      milk in heifers whereas there was a significant interaction of photoperiod by
      week for 4% fat-corrected milk in cows. Basal concentration of serum prolactin
      was lower in cows than in heifers although there were no differences due to age
      or photoperiod after injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone. We conclude that
      multipara Holstein cows produce about 7% more 4% fat-corrected milk during winter
      months when exposed to 18 h light providing they were previously in a natural
      photoperiod environment. For reasons not understood, 18 h light failed to enhance
      milk yield of cows previously in a continuous light environment. Milk yield and
      composition in heifers were not affected by 18 h or continuous light.

PMID- 6438202
TI  - Effect of eugenol on respiration and division in human pulp, mouse fibroblasts,
      and liver cells in vitro.
AB  - Eugenol depressed cell respiration in homogenates of human dental pulp and in
      mouse fibroblast monolayers. The depression was concentration-dependent, with a
      threshold at about 10(-4)M and a maximum at 10(-3)M in both preparations. Onset
      of the depression appeared to be rapid. The effects of variation in both duration
      and concentration of eugenol exposure on subsequent uptake of 3H-thymidine were
      examined in mouse fibroblast monolayers and human pulp explants. Fibroblasts
      survived short-term (up to 12 hr) exposure to 10(-3)M eugenol or less, but died
      after exposure to 10(-3)M for one day or more. The cells survived exposure to 10(
      4)M for ten days, the longest period examined. Human pulp maintained in tissue
      culture medium showed similar eugenol susceptibility. Analysis of these data,
      when coupled with those of previous studies on eugenol release from ZOE and
      diffusion through dentin, gives strong support for the concepts that: the
      blandness of ZOE when applied to intact dentin is due to eugenol reaching the
      pulp in sub-toxic concentrations, and the irritant effect of ZOE when applied
      directly to soft tissue is due to the development of concentrations of eugenol in
      tissue adjacent to ZOE sufficient to inhibit respiration and thus kill cells.

PMID- 6438203
TI  - [Histamine interaction with chondroitin sulfate].

PMID- 6438204
TI  - Does indomethacin attenuate the coronary vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerin?
AB  - Although previous studies have shown that indomethacin attenuates the dilative
      effects of nitroglycerin on human peripheral veins and canine coronary arteries,
      its ability to alter the influence of nitroglycerin on coronary blood flow in
      human beings is unknown. In 22 patients (16 men and 6 women, aged 47 +/- 10 years
      [mean +/- standard deviation]) referred for the evaluation of chest pain, heart
      rate, systemic arterial pressure, coronary sinus blood flow (by thermodilution)
      and coronary vascular resistance (mean arterial pressure/coronary sinus blood
      flow) were measured before and during the administration of intracoronary saline
      solution (n = 6, [control subjects]) or intracoronary nitroglycerin, 100
      micrograms (n = 16). Of these 16 patients, 8 had no pretreatment and the other 8
      received 50 mg of indomethacin orally, 10 and 2 to 3 hours before study. In the
      six control subjects, no variable changed with saline injection. In the eight
      patients given nitroglycerin without indomethacin pretreatment, heart rate and
      mean systemic arterial pressure were changed modestly (72 +/- 15 to 74 +/- 15
      beats/min and 93 +/- 9 to 87 +/- 13 mm Hg, respectively, p less than 0.05),
      coronary sinus blood flow increased by 56 +/- 43% (107 +/- 72 to 155 +/- 78
      ml/min, p less than 0.001) and coronary vascular resistance decreased (1.12 +/-
      0.50 to 0.66 +/- 0.26 mm Hg/ml per min, p = 0.004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6438205
TI  - Suppression of incessant supraventricular tachycardia by intravenous and oral
      encainide.
AB  - Although uncommon, incessant supraventricular tachycardia (the daily presence of
      supraventricular tachycardia for more than 50% of the day) is a major therapeutic
      problem. Using programmed electrical stimulation of the heart, long-term
      electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing, the effect of intravenous
      and oral encainide for termination and prevention of incessant supraventricular
      tachycardia was assessed in 11 patients (aged 25 to 58 years). All patients had
      received 3 to 12 drugs (mean 6) without control of their arrhythmia. Eight
      patients suffered from incessant supraventricular tachycardia using an accessory
      pathway in retrograde direction (three with overt Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,
      one with a concealed accessory atrioventricular [AV] pathway of the fast type,
      three with a concealed accessory AV pathway of the slow type and one with a nodo
      ventricular accessory pathway). Three patients had incessant atrial tachycardia,
      one of whom also had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Intravenous encainide
      (1.5 mg/kg in 15 minutes) terminated incessant supraventricular tachycardia in
      seven of nine patients. In four of nine patients, supraventricular tachycardia
      could thereafter still be reinitiated by pacing. Oral encainide (100 to 325
      mg/day, mean 180) completely suppressed the incessant supraventricular
      tachycardia in eight patients in a follow-up period of 5 to 20 months (mean 11).
      In two patients, episodes of tachycardia were markedly reduced with the
      administration of encainide in combination with sotalol (one patient) and
      amiodarone (one patient). Encainide failed to control incessant tachycardia in
      one patient. Mild central nervous system side effects developed in two patients,
      but both could continue taking oral encainide. Encainide proved to be a very
      useful agent to control incessant supraventricular tachycardia resistant to other
      antiarrhythmic agents.

PMID- 6438206
TI  - Impact of a nutritional support service on VA surgical patients.
AB  - The impact of a multidisciplinary Nutritional Support Service (NSS) on the
      reduction of complication was evaluated in 78 consecutive patients who received
      total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the same VA surgical service. Patients were
      placed into one of three groups (pre-NSS, transition-NSS, post-NSS) based on the
      evolution of the NSS. A significant reduction in catheter sepsis was observed and
      was attributable to the establishment of an NSS, specifically, a nurse specialist
      and protocols for catheter insertion and care.

PMID- 6438207
TI  - Suppression of appetite by parenteral nutrition in humans.
AB  - The effects of parenteral nutrition on appetite during and after therapy are
      unclear. Previous studies done in animals, as well as in humans, are
      inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of
      parenteral nutrition on voluntary oral intake of food. The study was done on ten
      stable patients receiving parenteral nutrition for transient dysfunction of their
      gastrointestinal tract. For each patient, a calorie count of the ingested food
      was obtained for 3 consecutive days. Parenteral calories were then decreased
      without the patient's knowledge. A calorie count for 3 more days was obtained
      following the day of change. The mean daily oral intake was 823 kcal when the
      mean daily parenteral nutrition intake was 2,902, providing a total of 3,723
      kcal. When parenteral nutrition calories were decreased to a mean of 1,550, the
      mean daily oral intake increased to 1,396. This difference in oral and parenteral
      calorie intake was statistically significant (P less than .001). It can be
      concluded from this data that parenteral nutrition decreases voluntary oral
      intake of food. It is therefore suggested that if the gastrointestinal tract is
      functionally satisfactory, parenteral nutrition can be rapidly weaned off,
      provided oral consumption is monitored to assure adequacy.

PMID- 6438208
TI  - Elevation of postoperative plasma amino acid concentrations by immediate full
      enteral nutrition.
AB  - Serum amino acid (AA) levels were determined for 18 cholecystectomy patients who
      had preserved and immediately utilized G-I function for absorption of 3,000
      kcal/day elemental diet. Ten were given 132 gm AA/day; eight were given only 66
      gm AA/day. Historical controls were 27 comparable patients who had received
      conventional hypocaloric intravenous (IV) regimens. Unfed patients' branched
      chain AAs (BCAAs) + TYR were depressed initially, then rebounded by day 3 or 4.
      Their glucogenic AAs were still depressed after 72 hours. Complete restoration of
      the basal pattern required five to ten days. Fully nourished patients maintained
      basal levels of all AAs on day 1. Every AA rose above basal, some with
      statistical significance as early as day 2. Moderately fed patients had BCAA
      depression, but for only 24 hours. LEU, ILE, VAL, TYR, MET, ASP, LYS, and ARG had
      already returned to basal levels on day 2, while the remaining AAs were much less
      depressed than in the unfed controls. All fed patients were discharged
      uneventfully 24-48 hours postcholecystectomy. The positive protein balance and
      elevated AA levels correlate with enhanced wound healing, host sepsis resistance,
      and shortened hospitalization.

PMID- 6438209
TI  - Nasoenteral feeding tube insertion via fiberoptic endoscope for enteral
      hyperalimentation.
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition can maintain good nutritional status in selected
      patients. However, it can be accompanied by serious complications. It is
      generally agreed that enteral alimentation is more economical and safer. Gut
      should be used for nutritional replenishment whenever feasible. However, large
      bore nasogastric feeding tubes can cause problems. Even fine-bore nasogastric
      tubes can cause aspiration pneumonia in obtunded and debilitated patients. In
      some patients it is clearly desirable to have the tip of the feeding tube in the
      distal duodenum or proximal jejunum. Previously described methods for placement
      of nasoenteral tubes may be unsatisfactory. We describe a safe, simple, and
      reliable method for endoscopic insertion of fine-bore nasoenteral feeding tube.
      We have used this method on 15 patients without complication.

PMID- 6438210
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 6438211
TI  - Quantitation and thermal stability of the mite allergen DPT 12 in whole mite
      extracts.
AB  - Twelve whole mite extracts (WME) from seven sources were examined for their
      content of the allergen Dpt 12, protein content, and the inhibitory capacity in
      RAST by use of paper discs coupled with either WME or Dpt 12. Linear regression
      analysis demonstrated that the concentration of Dpt 12 determined either by
      single radial immunodiffusion or by RAST inhibition did not correlate with either
      the RAST-inhibition titer with use of discs coupled with WME or with protein
      content, suggesting that Dpt 12 content does not reflect the overall potency of
      WMEs. However, statistically significant correlations were obtained between Dpt
      12 content and whole mite-RAST inhibition titers if extracts from the same
      manufacturer were examined or if data obtained from extracts containing large Dpt
      12 to protein concentrations (greater than 25%) were excluded from the analysis.
      In contrast, statistically significant correlations between protein concentration
      and WME-RAST inhibition titers (p = 0.00037) and between Dpt 12 content and Dpt
      12 RAST-inhibition titers (p = 0.00001) were found. Thermal stability studies
      demonstrated that Dpt 12 per se and WMEs were stable at 4 degrees C for up to 3
      mo. Storage at 23 degrees C for 3 mo, however, resulted in partial loss of both
      Dpt 12 and whole-mite activity. Substantial losses occurred at 36 degrees C for
      both 1-month and 3-month incubation periods. Esterase, esterase lipase, and
      alkaline phosphatase were found in three WMEs studied. Dpt 12 was biochemically
      unrelated to these enzymes.

PMID- 6438212
TI  - Protein-energy intake and malnutrition in Crohn's disease.
AB  - A detailed nutrient assessment was made of 23 male and 24 female patients with
      Crohn's disease who entered sequentially into an outpatient clinic. Assessment
      included 48-hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and
      hematological tests appropriate to characterize protein-energy malnutrition.
      Approximately 40% of patients had energy intakes equal to only two-thirds of the
      Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Three men and five women had relative body
      weights less than 85% of standard, but body weight was not correlated with energy
      intake. Relative body weight was correlated with arm muscle circumference in both
      male and female patients and with triceps skinfold and total lymphocyte count in
      women. Although the mean protein intake was greater than 150% of the RDA,
      evidence of protein malnutrition included low arm muscle circumference in 14% of
      the men and 15% of the women, low serum albumin concentration in 13% of the
      women, and low total lymphocyte count in one-half of the patients. The Crohn's
      disease activity index was correlated significantly with serum albumin, energy
      intake, and duration of disease in men and with serum ferritin and hemoglobin
      concentration in women. Thus, a reduced relative body weight or reduced serum
      albumin was not uncommon in patients with Crohn's disease but did not necessarily
      occur in those with reduced intakes of protein and energy. However, a low
      relative body weight may indicate need for further nutritional assessment.

PMID- 6438213
TI  - The Medicare Prospective Payment System and the care of the frail elderly.
AB  - The development of the Medicare Prospective Payment System based on diagnosis
      relating groupings is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on analysis of the
      provisions that have a potential impact on geriatric medicine and on the care of
      the frail elderly. The authors conclude that in its present form, the DRG system
      may systematically undercompensate hospitals for treating the frail elderly and,
      therefore, result in attempts by some hospitals to reduce or avoid altogether
      programs in geriatric medicine and admissions of frail elderly persons. These
      effects, together with federal and state efforts to limit nursing home and home
      care costs, may result in a major under-provision of care for the frail elderly
      and exclusion of clinical geriatric medicine from the medical care system.

PMID- 6438214
TI  - [Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the choroid].
AB  - The authors report the case of a malignant hemangioendothelioma of the choroid
      occurred in a 62 years old man. Clinically the lesion simulated a malignant
      melanoma but the histological examination showed an unpigmented tumour consisting
      of nests of large, pleomorphic cells proliferating inside reticular sheaths. The
      immunohistochemical identification of Factor VIII Related Antigen by the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger permitted the identification of
      their endothelial nature. This case which seems to be the first described in the
      literature, is distinguished from benign hemangioendothelioma and from neoplastic
      angioendotheliomatosis.

PMID- 6438215
TI  - [Ocular lesions induced by saccharin and its pollutants in the rat fetus].
AB  - The authors analyze and compare the teratogenic effects produced on the embryo
      eyes of rats by Maumee saccharin, by non purified Remsem saccharin and several
      pollutants. The study has been made on 2708 embryos of rats whose mothers have
      received per os several pollutants at several rates; 16 diets have been studied.
      The histological lesions are described: the cataract, the retinal coloboma, the
      major microphthalmos, the anophthalmos, the presence of aberrant nervous fibers,
      the anarchic globes. The authors describe the retinal eversion phenomenon in the
      retinal coloboma as well as its repercussion on the ocular malformations (retinal
      dysplasia and colobomatous cyst of the orbit). The presence of aberrant nervous
      fibers inside the retinal coloboma could explain the cases of double papilla,
      which were observed in clinic. The major microphthalmia are frequent. The serious
      anophthalmia are explained by an early perturbation of the embryogenesis. The
      anarchic globes could be interpreted as a form of congenital cystic eye. Under
      the different pollutants of the saccharin, four of them are more toxic: it is the
      ortho-sulfobenzoic acid, the para-sulfobenzoic acid, the para-sulfamolybenzoic
      acid, the para-toluenesulfonamide which communicate the Remsen saccharin its
      teratogenic effect. On the other hand, the ortho-toluene sulfonamide is without
      any teratogenic effect. The authors conclude on the necessity of a large purity
      of the commercial saccharin.

PMID- 6438216
TI  - [Orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis: orbital enlargement by an intracranial
      approach and palpebral correction].
AB  - Exophthalmos with lowering of the globe, eyelid enlargement and canthal
      displacement are the usual consequences of orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis. A
      cerebral hernia into the orbit may be seen on the CT scan. An intracranial
      approach allows for pushing back the brain with a bone graft to create an
      enlarged orbital cavity, lifting the globe with a graft on the orbital floor, and
      fixing the canthi in proper position. An eyelid radical resection is performed in
      the same stage or later. This approach is discussed in the treatment of 17 cases
      of orbito-palpebral neuro-fibromatosis.

PMID- 6438217
TI  - Evaluating the use of occupational standards for controlling toxic air
      pollutants.
AB  - Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established air standards
      for relatively few chemicals. As a result, state agencies are faced with
      controlling air contaminants for a large number of chemicals posing potential
      public health threats. Use of occupational standards as a basis for deriving
      ambient air guidelines is a method used by states to control air toxics. This
      standard development approach is reviewed by considering the differences in the
      health basis and numerical values which often occur among the occupational
      standards set by OSHA, NIOSH and ACGIH. This study indicated that careful
      selection should be made of the most appropriate occupational standard to use to
      protect public health. A comparison is made of chemicals regulated by various
      state air toxic programs using occupational standards lowered by a safety factor
      to concentrations established by the U.S. EPA. It was found that the air
      guidelines vary, but the degree of stringency can be comparable.

PMID- 6438218
TI  - Circulating thyroid hormones in progressive renal failure in the baboon (Papio
      ursinus).
AB  - In order to examine the effects of developing renal failure on circulating
      thyroid hormones, serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4),
      triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) and TBG capacity were measured in 9
      baboons before and during the progress of acute (mean survival 12 days), subacute
      (32 days) and chronic (120 days) renal failure following allogeneic renal
      transplantation. Irrespective of the rate of development of renal failure, there
      were significant, non linear (power functions) negative correlations between
      serum creatinine or urea concentrations and levels of T4, FT4 and T3; rT3 levels
      remained unchanged, but the T4: rT3 molar ratio fell from 236.5 +/- 61 (+/- SE)
      to 121.8 +/- 30.9 (p less than 0.05). T4 and T3 levels were invariably subnormal
      at creatinine concentrations greater than 250 mumol/l (2.8 mg/dl), but FT4 was
      subnormal only in chronic renal failure. Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
      capacity did not change significantly; thus the TBG: T4 ratio increased from 3.4
      +/- 0.2 (basal) to 10.4 +/- 3.4 before death (p less than 0.05). In animals which
      survived for greater than 25 days after transplantation, a significant linear
      correlation between FT4 and T3 was found as uremia progressed. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (pH 7.4) of (125I)-T4 labelled preoperative and uremic serum
      showed a consistent decline in the proportion of tracer bound to TBG, from 67.0
      +/- 0.8% to 58.9 +/- 1.0% (p less than 0.001), with a 48% reduction in TBG
      saturation (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438219
TI  - Regulation of hormone release by cultured cells from a thyrotropin-growth hormone
      secreting pituitary tumor. Direct inhibiting effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
      and dexamethasone on thyrotropin secretion.
AB  - The regulation of TSH and GH secretion was investigated in cultured tumor cells
      prepared from a mixed TSH/GH secreting pituitary tumor. The tumor tissue had been
      removed transsphenoidally from a patient with hyperthyroidism and inappropriately
      high serum TSH levels and acromegaly. TSH and GH secretion by cultured cells were
      stimulated in a parallel way by TRH (300 nM) and LHRH (50 nM), but were
      unaffected by bromocriptine (10 nM). Exposure of the tumor cells to dexamethasone
      (0.1 microM) or T3 (50 nM) had differential effects on hormone secretion. GH
      secretion was greatly stimulated by dexamethasone, but unaffected by T3. TSH
      secretion was inhibited both by T3 and by dexamethasone. So, T3 and
      glucocorticoids inhibit TSH release by the human pituitary tumor cells studied at
      least partly by means of a direct effect.

PMID- 6438220
TI  - Androstenedione, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone plasma levels in
      gonadotropins induction of ovulation.
AB  - A comparison of peripheral patterns of androstenedione (A), 17 beta-estradiol
      (E2) and progesterone (P) is reported in ten infertile women during HMG-HCG
      induction of ovulation, in order to assess the site of ovarian secretion of
      plasma A and the possible influence on conception. Evidence for both the
      follicular and luteal secretion of plasma A is suggested, in addition to the
      stromal and adrenal contributions, since a highly significant (p less than 0.001)
      correlation between A and E2 plasma levels was shown during the treatment. In
      three cycles of conception, plasma A showed a periovulatory peak and drop,
      followed by a luteal increase, all of which are characteristic of E2.

PMID- 6438221
TI  - Congenital goitrous hypothyroidism: discordant systolic time intervals, pituitary
      and peripheral responses to high daily doses of T4 or T3 therapy.
AB  - Left ventricular performance was studied by a noninvasive technique through the
      measurement of the systolic time intervals (total eletromechanical systole, left
      ventricular ejection (LVET) time, preejection period (PEP) and PEP/LVET ratio
      (Systolic Quotient) in 8 young adults with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism.
      All subjects showed lengthening of PEP, shortening of LVET and an increased
      PEP/LVET ratio associated with low serum T3 and T4, an exaggerated TSH response
      to TRH, high levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and carotene. They were
      treated with increasing L-T4 at monthly intervals (100, 200 and 400 micrograms
      daily), followed by L-T3 (50 and 200 micrograms daily) after stopping medication
      for another month. Systolic time intervals and the systolic quotient promptly
      reversed to the normal range with physiologic L-T4 (100 micrograms) or L-T3 (50
      micrograms) replacement, but the TSH peak response to TRH was still present and
      exaggerated. Further reductions of the systolic quotient occurred with 200
      micrograms L-T4, but not with supraphysiological doses (400 micrograms L-T4 or
      200 micrograms L-T3) of thyroid hormones. The highest dose of L-T3 (200
      micrograms/day) induced a significantly lower mean systolic quotient than 400
      micrograms L-T4 daily, while 5 patients still had a significant TSH response to
      TRH. This was interpreted as discordant pituitary and cardiac response to L-T3
      and L-T4 therapy. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were considered as very
      sensitive index of thyroid hormone peripheral action. These had a significant
      positive correlation with changes in the left ventricular performance. Serum
      carotene, although decreasing significantly with L-T4 or L-T3 treatment, had no
      significant correlation with the systolic quotient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6438222
TI  - Determination of free thyroid hormones and their binding proteins in a patient
      with severe hyperthyroidism (thyroid storm?) and thyroid encephalopathy.
AB  - A patient with severe hyperthyroidism (thyroid storm?) and thyroid encephalopathy
      is described. During her illness only a slightly raised level of total thyroxine
      and a normal level of total triiodothyronine was found in contrast with very high
      levels of free thyroid hormones. Very low levels of thyroxine binding globulin,
      albumin and low levels of thyroxine binding prealbumin in contrast with nearly
      normal values of T3 resin uptake were observed. All parameters of thyroid
      function returned to normal after therapy.

PMID- 6438223
TI  - Gynecomastia caused by estrogen containing hair lotion.
AB  - Two men at the age of 48 and 54 yr developed gynecomastia and lost their potency
      after the use of estrogen containing hair lotions. During exposure to the lotion
      the levels of 17-beta estradiol were increased, whereas the levels of
      testosterone and gonadotropins were depressed. Thus, a previous application of
      such hair lotions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      gynecomastia.

PMID- 6438224
TI  - Thyroid hemiagenesis in two sisters.
AB  - Two sisters with thyroid hemiagenesis are described. The patients presented
      diffuse thyroid enlargement of right lobe. The left lobe and isthmus were absent
      and thyroid scans were similar in both cases. The patients were clinically
      euthyroid. Basal serum thyroid hormones and TSH were within normal range, but TSH
      response to TRH administration was exaggerated in both patients. The finding of
      familial occurrence and the same functional and morphological characteristics of
      remnant thyroid tissue in both cases suggest a genetic determination for this
      abnormality.

PMID- 6438225
TI  - Nomifensine in hyperprolactinemic states.

PMID- 6438226
TI  - Detection of heat-labile enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli: comparison among
      the anti-CT Biken test, the anti-LT Biken test, the GM1 ELISA and the Y1 adrenal
      cell assay.

PMID- 6438227
TI  - Localization of human muscle carbonic anhydrase isozymes using
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - Human muscle sections were examined for the presence of carbonic anhydrase using
      fluorescent second antibody and antisera specific for the three isozymes,
      carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), and carbonic anhydrase
      (CAIII). CAIII was present in all fibers, CAII only in the connective tissue, and
      CAI showed a weak association with the sarcolemma.

PMID- 6438228
TI  - The distributive pattern of beta-galactosidase in the forebrain and mid-brain of
      the mouse.
AB  - The present study demonstrates the distribution pattern of beta-galactosidase
      (BGL) in the forebrain and mid-brain of the mouse. Mild enzyme activity was
      observed in the neurons of the forebrain and mid-brain. Interestingly, strong
      enzyme activity in some nuclei was due to the presence of myelinated fibers. Most
      of the fiber tracts and commissures showed strong enzyme activity. The
      involvement of BGL in myelin metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 6438229
TI  - Meningococcal infections in Scotland 1972-82.
AB  - Strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients with meningitis or
      septicaemia without meningitis in Scotland during the years 1972-82 have been
      reviewed together with details of the age, sex, disease and outcome of the
      patients from whom they were isolated. A total of 1185 strains were isolated, of
      which 927 were examined at the Meningococcal Reference Laboratory (Scotland):
      19.3% were of serogroup A, 63% of group B, 9.6% of group C, 6% of W135 and 1.6%
      of other groups. Non-groupable strains were rare. Disease was most common in the
      first years of life but there was a difference in the age distribution of disease
      due to the different serogroups, the proportion of disease due to group B being
      smaller in adults than that due to other serogroups. The overall mortality in
      meningitis was 7.5% and in septicaemia was 20.6%, although there were differences
      between the rates for the various serogroups. The serogroup distribution differed
      in disease as opposed to meningococci isolated from carriers although group B
      strains were predominant in both series. Overall, approximately 15% of strains
      were resistant to sulphadiazine, the proportion of resistant group A strains
      being higher than that of other serogroups.

PMID- 6438230
TI  - A microbiological study of various food premises with an assessment of cleaning
      and disinfection practices.
AB  - A study of cleaning and disinfection methods in a variety of types of catering
      premises has been carried out. The level of bacterial contamination of the hands
      and of equipment was related to cleaning methods and to the type of catering
      establishment. Wiping cloths were frequently contaminated with Escherichia coli,
      and these may be important reservoirs of bacteria for contamination of the hands
      of catering staff. Regular and efficient cleaning of food surfaces and equipment
      was found to be more important than the use of a disinfectant as part of the
      cleaning process. Methods for reducing the risks of cross-contamination in
      catering premises are discussed.

PMID- 6438231
TI  - Unusually severe food poisoning from vanilla slices.
AB  - Thirty six people suffered from severe vomiting and diarrhoea 15 min to 3 h after
      eating vanilla slices from the same bakery. Five patients were admitted to
      hospital, and one developed unusual skin lesions after admission. Staphylococcus
      aureus was isolated in large numbers from vanilla slices of the same batch as
      those giving rise to symptoms, and from five faecal specimens obtained from
      affected persons. Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were also isolated from
      the slices. Unbaked custard provides an ideal environment for bacterial
      multiplication, especially when (as on this occasion) the ambient temperature is
      persistently high.

PMID- 6438232
TI  - Characterization of hydrogen peroxide-potentiating factor, a lymphokine that
      increases the capacity of human monocytes and monocyte-like cell lines to produce
      hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - A study was made of a lymphokine produced by human T lymphocytes that mediates
      activation of human monocytes and monocyte-like cell lines, measured by increased
      production of H2O2. The lymphokine was produced either by stimulation of human
      nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells with concanavalin A (Con A) or by
      stimulation of a human T cell line, HSB2, with Con A and phorbol myristic acetate
      (PMA). When incubated with freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes for 48 to
      72 hr, the H2O2-potentiating factor (HPPF) stimulated increased production of
      H2O2, measured in a PMA-triggered assay for H2O2 secretion. Because variations
      occurred in the response of normal blood donors to the HPPF, human monocyte-like
      cell lines were used as homogeneous and consistently responsive targets for the
      lymphokine to facilitate biochemical characterization studies of the factor. Two
      cell lines were studied: HL60, a human promyelocytic cell line, and U937, a human
      histiocytic cell line. When target cells of either type were incubated in the
      presence of the HPPF for 48 to 72 hr, they produced increased amounts of H2O2 in
      a dose-dependent fashion. H2O2 levels were assessed by means of a microassay that
      measures peroxide-mediated oxidation of phenol red after an oxidative burst
      triggered with PMA. By using this assay, HPPF was found to have an apparent m.w.
      of 54,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.5. The bouyant density was determined to
      be 1.307, indicating that HPPF is a  protein. The utilization of cell lines for
      both the production and assay of HPPF should facilitate the purification of this
      lymphokine and the subsequent evaluation of its relationship to other lymphokines
      known to affect macrophage microbicidal and tumoricidal function.

PMID- 6438233
TI  - Measurement of serum IgG4 levels by a competitive immunoenzymatic assay with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A competitive indirect ELISA is described for the measurement of IgG4 levels. It
      uses a monoclonal anti-subclass and antibody and purified monoclonal IgG4 as
      standards. This method is sensitive and reproducible and more accurate than
      hemagglutination inhibition and radial immunodiffusion. Serum IgG4 levels in 173
      normal adults were less than 0.01-2.1 mg/ml (mean 0.30 mg/ml) in women and less
      than 0.01-1.87 mg/ml (mean 0.465 mg/ml) in men.

PMID- 6438234
TI  - Intracellular fluorescent labelling of cells for analysis of lymphocyte
      migration.
AB  - A procedure for analysing in vivo migration of lymphocytes labelled in vitro
      using intracellular fluorochromes is described. Comparison of carboxyfluorescein
      diacetate, a cytoplasmic label, with Hoechst dye No. 33342 (H33342), a DNA
      binding fluorochrome, indicated that H33342 is superior. The concentration of
      H33342 used for labelling does not significantly affect viability or lymphocyte
      migration and permits long-term visualization. H33342 allows quantitation of in
      vivo migration in cell suspension and histological localization in frozen
      sections. Fluorescence is retained in fixed frozen sections for at least 3
      months. This method can be used for analyses of lymphocyte migration and
      maturation.

PMID- 6438235
TI  - Immuno-gold labeling for flow cytometric analysis.
AB  - Colloidal gold particles coated with goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies
      were used to analyse surface antigens on various cell types by flow cytometry.
      The gold-labeled cells showed an increasing signal amplification in the 90 degree
      light scatter with increasing wavelength of the incident laser light, reaching a
      more than 10-fold amplification at 632.8 nm. This wavelength was provided by a
      0.5 mW helium-neon laser. The magnitude of the signal amplification due to the
      gold label as well as the specificity of the label was sufficient for
      quantitative discrimination between positive and negative cells. Cell viability
      was not affected by the gold label. Mouse spleen cells were labeled with various
      combinations of FITC- and gold-conjugated antibodies. It was found that the gold
      and fluorescent labels did not interfere with each other. Colloidal gold may thus
      be used as an additional label for multiparameter cell analysis and sorting.
      Biparametric cell analysis/sorting of surface antigen-labeled cells (label versus
      low-angle scatter) becomes possible even with a low energy helium-neon laser.

PMID- 6438236
TI  - A simple method for quantitative measurement of C3d in human plasma.
AB  - We describe a simple and reliable method for quantitating C3d in human plasma.
      The method rests on the finding that native C3 and its activation/inactivation
      product C3c bind to Concanavalin A, whereas C3d does not. Rocket
      affinoimmunoelectrophoresis with Con-A Sepharose incorporated into an
      intermediate gel permits quantitation of free C3d in 2-20 microliters aliquots of
      EDTA-plasma without any manipulation prior to sample application. Using this
      method, we found that the level of circulating C3d in plasma of 30 healthy donors
      was usually well below 3% of maximally convertable C3d.

PMID- 6438237
TI  - A rat anti-mouse kappa chain specific monoclonal antibody, 187.1.10:
      purification, immunochemical properties and its utility as a general second
      antibody reagent.
AB  - A rat IgG1 monoclonal antibody, produced by hybridoma 187.1.10, exhibits
      specificity for mouse immunoglobulins containing kappa light chains (Yelton et
      al., 1981). The 187.1.10 hybridoma cell line secreted upwards of 200
      micrograms/ml of monoclonal antibody in tissue culture and the secreted product
      was purified in a single step by antigen-immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography.
      The homogeneity of the purified 187.1.10 protein was determined by
      isoelectrofocusing and SDS gel electrophoresis. Equilibrium binding analyses of
      the radioiodinated 187.1.10 antibody indicated a strong interaction with its
      antigen of KA = 2 X 10(9) l/mole. The 187.1.10 antibody did not readily bind to
      Staph. aureus protein A unless it was complexed with antigen. The binding of
      immune complexes of 187.1.10 to protein A was shown to be dependent on the Fc
      region of the antigen. The utility of the 187.1.10 monoclonal antibody as a
      general second antibody reagent for studying mouse immunoglobulins was
      demonstrated in a rapid solid phase immunoprecipitation assay to detect and
      analyze radioiodinated membrane proteins of a human cytotoxic T cell line.

PMID- 6438238
TI  - Immunoassays at a quartz-liquid interface: theory, instrumentation and
      preliminary application to the fluorescent immunoassay of human immunoglobulin G.
AB  - The theoretical basis and instrumental requirements of an optical detection
      technique for monitoring antibody-antigen reactions at a quartz-liquid interface
      are described. The antibody is covalently immobilized on the optical surface of a
      planar, fused-quartz waveguide and reacted with antigen solution. A light beam is
      internally reflected within the waveguide and penetrates into the solution only a
      fraction of the wavelength of the incident light. This is the evanescent wave
      which interacts optically with the growing number of antigen-antibody complexes
      but minimally with the bulk solution. A two-site immunofluorescent assay for
      human IgG measurement is described using fluorescein as the label. The assay
      detection limit is approximately 0.8 micrograms/ml and individual fluorescence
      measurements are completed within 10 min. It is expected that this evanescent
      wave immunoassay should have wide applicability in both routine and research
      fields.

PMID- 6438239
TI  - An immunochemical procedure to evaluate the degree of desialylation of alpha 1
      acid glycoprotein in rat serum.
AB  - When radial immunodiffusion (RID) and electroimmunodiffusion (EID) were used for
      the determination of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) a significant
      discrepancy in the results was encountered depending on the degree of
      sialylation. When alpha 1-AGP was desialylated, the amounts estimated by EID were
      much lower than those actually present as assayed by the RID method. The
      relationship between the percentage of desialylation of alpha 1-AGP and the
      percentage of its underestimation by EID relative to RID was determined and a
      calibration curve was plotted to evaluate the degree of desialylation of rat
      alpha 1-AGP. When compared to other procedures (rat membrane inhibition assay and
      isoelectrofocusing), the proposed method was easier to perform and allowed the
      specific evaluation of the degree of undersialylation of the glycoprotein.

PMID- 6438240
TI  - The identification of monoclonal class switch variants by sib selection and an
      ELISA assay.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies can now be generated against a wide variety of antigens.
      However, a potentially useful monoclonal antibody may be of the wrong class or
      subclass for a particular task. Antibodies of the desired class can be obtained
      by identifying rare subclones in which the variable region has been rearranged to
      a new constant region. We describe here the use of sib selection and an enzyme
      linked immunoassay (ELISA) for isolating such class and subclass switch variants
      from 2 IgM and 1 IgG3 producing hybridoma. The relative simplicity of ELISA
      assays makes it feasible to apply this approach to many different hybridomas.
      Since commercial affinity purified class and subclass specific antibodies are now
      available, the method can be used by any laboratory. Furthermore, the technique
      does not require that the switch variants express surface immunoglobulin and
      enriches for hybridomas secreting higher amounts of antibody.

PMID- 6438241
TI  - The choice of methods for immunoglobulin IgG purification: yield and purity of
      antibody activity.
AB  - Six methods for the purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from serum were
      compared, using rabbit antiserum to Bacillus anthracis spores as a model.
      Antibody activity was monitored by a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA).
      Salt precipitation/ion exchange chromatography and ethanol precipitation both
      resulted in IgG of high purity but there was considerable inactivation of
      antibody. Salt precipitation/affinity chromatography gave poor yields of
      antibody. PEG precipitation and gel filtration of Sephacryl S-300 gave moderate
      yields and purity of IgG, with little evidence of antibody inactivation. Salt
      precipitation was marginally more destructive than the last 2 methods, but is
      recommended for routine use on grounds of its simplicity. Should IgG prepared by
      salt precipitation prove inadequate for particular applications, gel filtration
      is recommended since it allows the balance of yield and purity to be altered at
      will.

PMID- 6438242
TI  - A study of 280 cases of neonatal meningitis in The Netherlands.
AB  - Within the framework of a more extensive study of the epidemiology of bacterial
      meningitis in The Netherlands (1976-1982), 280 cases of neonatal meningitis were
      investigated retrospectively. Escherichia coli (132 cases, 47%), Streptococcus
      agalactiae (68 cases, 24%), Listeria monocytogenes (12 cases, 4%) were the
      organisms most commonly isolated. The mortality rate for these 280 cases was 27%.
      The male-female ratio was 1.33:1. The minimum incidence for The Netherlands was
      calculated to be 23 per 100 000 live births.

PMID- 6438243
TI  - Validity of the recording of meningococcal disease according to various sources
      of information.
AB  - A study was made in Belgium in order to assess the completeness and specificity
      of the recording of meningococcal disease by routine sources of information.
      Ninety-three cases identified in a hospital survey were linked with those
      recorded in mortality statistics, in the notification of communicable diseases,
      and by the National Reference Laboratory for meningococci. Statistics based on
      mortality data appeared to be of low validity. The overall completeness of
      recording was 44% for the notification of communicable disease, and 40% for the
      reference laboratory. When these two sources were used for surveillance, the
      completeness of case-finding increased to 56%. When the analysis was restricted
      to bacteriologically-confirmed cases, the completeness of recording was 62% for
      the notification system, 70% for the laboratory, and 84% for both sources. The
      surveillance of communicable diseases should rely on various sources of
      information. Laboratory data should be systematically used in order to improve
      both the completeness of recording and the specificity of case-ascertainment.

PMID- 6438244
TI  - Control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis by mass vaccination. I. Further
      epidemiological evaluation of groups A and C vaccines in northern Nigeria.
AB  - Mass vaccination campaigns were mounted by several state governments in the
      northern Nigerian sector of the African meningitis belt. Bivalent groups A and C
      polysaccharide vaccines were used. The results of these campaigns in four of the
      states which are adjacent to each other are presented and assessed. A total of
      7535350 persons in the four States, Bauchi, Borno, Gongola and Plateau, were
      given the vaccine over a period of 4 years (1978-1981). There was a decline in
      the overall number of cases reported as well as in the number of deaths in the
      area, where, since 1978, there has not been an epidemic of meningococcal
      meningitis. Variations were observed among the states which vaccinated over 50%
      of their populations and had many fewer cases than those which did not. These
      results show that mass vaccination is an effective means of preventing outbreaks
      of meningococcal meningitis and may lead to eradication of the disease.

PMID- 6438245
TI  - Control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis by mass vaccination. II. Persistence
      of antibody four years after vaccination.
AB  - Meningococcal antibody was measured in 928 persons vaccinated with combined
      groups A and C polysaccharide antigens in Bauchi State, Nigeria between 1979 and
      1982. Protective amounts of antibody were detected by the indirect
      haemagglutination technique up to 4 years after vaccination. This persistence was
      observed mainly in adults, although a substantial proportion of older children
      also had persistent antibody. Titres in younger children fell progressively, and
      by the third year the mean log2 antibody titre was 1.4; this may not confer
      protection against disease. A rational policy for vaccination against
      meningococcal meningitis would be to revaccinate younger children after 2 years,
      older children after 4 years, and adults after 6-8 or more years.

PMID- 6438246
TI  - Effects of aflatoxin B1 and caffeine on viability in natural strains of
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6438247
TI  - Alterations in the production of hemocytes due to a neoplastic mutation of
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6438248
TI  - Epidemiology of endemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa: why infection control efforts
      have failed.
AB  - The epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated in an intensive care
      unit for a period of six months by means of serial surveillance and environmental
      cultures. One hundred (37%) of 270 patients were noted to be colonized: 63 at the
      time of their admission and 37 during their stay on the unit. Colonization at the
      time of admission was associated with length of hospitalization before admission
      to the intensive care unit, age, gastrointestinal disease, and prior use of
      antibiotics. The strains acquired on the intensive care unit represented several
      different serotypes, with little clustering; the source of most strains was not
      found. In only 12 cases did the acquisition of P. aeruginosa appear to represent
      cross-infection; the use of barrier isolation could have prevented at most five
      of these cases. Undetected endogenous gastrointestinal carriage may have been
      responsible for many other apparent acquisitions. Clinical infection in
      association with preceding gastrointestinal colonization developed in 20
      patients. The data indicate that traditional control measures aimed at the
      prevention of exogenous acquisition of P. aeruginosa are unlikely to have an
      impact on the overall incidence of infection and that efforts to prevent
      infection in patients who are already colonized are necessary.

PMID- 6438249
TI  - Effect of murine interferon gamma on murine toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6438250
TI  - Purification of recombinant glycosylated human gamma interferon expressed in
      transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Human IFN-gamma was produced in cultures of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell
      line transformed with a combination of plasmids encoding HuIFN-gamma cDNA and
      mouse DHFR cDNA and subsequently selected for growth in the presence of
      methotrexate. Confluent monolayers of these cells constitutively secrete HuIFN
      gamma into the medium reaching a concentration of 2-5 micrograms/ml; the
      supernatant of the monolayer could be harvested daily for a period of more than
      10 days. IFN-gamma was purified by passing the filtered CHO cell culture medium
      directly through a phosphocellulose column followed by elution and adsorption on
      a Con A-Sepharose column. Further concentration on an AMICON PM 10 filter and
      removal of high mw contaminating proteins with DEAE-Sephacel resulted in a IFN
      gamma preparation of more than 99% purity (specific activity of about 10(8)
      International units per mg of protein). Each liter of CHO conditioned culture
      medium yielded 1-2 mg pure HuIFN-gamma. Its molecular weight, as determined by
      gel filtration, is about 50 kD and corresponds to a dimer structure. SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of a 21 kD and a 25 kD
      polypeptide as compared with 17 kD for unglycosylated, bacterially made HuIFN
      gamma and consistent with the two glycosylated forms of HuIFN-gamma produced in
      mitogen-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 6438251
TI  - Microassay for studying anticellular effects of human interferons.
AB  - A microassay has been developed to quantitate anticellular effects of beta and
      gamma IFNs. This assay is simple and capable of titrating a large number of IFN
      samples and doses with multiple sets of target tumor cells. The ranking of
      results from the microassay was comparable to that obtained using a more complex
      procedure. The microassay required 5-10 times smaller amounts of reagents than
      other procedures, and is capable of being applied to other chemotherapeutic
      agents as well. The susceptibility of human tumor cell lines to anticellular
      effects of IFN-gamma was clearly distinct from susceptibility to IFN-beta.

PMID- 6438252
TI  - Detection of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to human gamma interferon
      using a rapid screening technique and specificity of certain monoclonal
      antibodies to gamma interferon.
AB  - An immunoprecipitation technique, which uses radiolabeled human gamma interferon
      (HuIFN-gamma) and a sheep anti-mouse F(ab')2 serum, is described for the rapid
      detection of mouse monoclonal antibodies to IFN-gamma in hybridoma culture
      supernatants. This technique which can be performed in 4 h detects both
      neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies to IFN-gamma. Certain monoclonal
      antibodies prepared against natural (glycosylated) IFN-gamma which neutralized
      the antiviral activity of natural IFN-gamma bound strongly to rDNA
      (unglycosylated) IFN-gamma derived from E. coli, but failed to neutralize its
      antiviral activity.

PMID- 6438253
TI  - [Hypothalamic-pituitary function in women after abortion or premature labor].
AB  - Hypothalamic function during pregnancy and hypothalamic-pituitary function during
      the first month after abortion or premature labor have been studied. The plasma
      LH-RH level in pregnant women was significantly lower between 18 and 23 weeks'
      gestation than that in eumenorrheic women on day 8 or 9 of the normal cycle, and
      thereafter decreased until term. Serum FSH showed normal response to LH-RH on day
      10 after pregnancy termination between 5 and 23 weeks' gestation, but no FSH
      response to LH-RH was found on day 10 after premature labor at 33 weeks'
      gestation. Serum FSH responded normally to LH-RH on day 30 after pregnancy
      termination at 18 weeks' gestation, but serum FSH responded excessively to LH-RH
      on day 30 after premature labor at 30 weeks' gestation. The positive feedback
      effect of estrogen on LH release was not operative on day 30 after pregnancy
      termination beyond 18 weeks' gestation, though it was operative on day 30 after
      pregnancy termination between 6 and 11 weeks' gestation. These results indicate
      that the duration of pregnancy has an influence on the recovery of hypothalamic
      pituitary function after pregnancy termination and that the recovery of
      hypothalamic-pituitary function during the first month after premature labor
      beyond 30 weeks' gestation is similar to that after normal labor.

PMID- 6438254
TI  - [A clinical study on the characteristics of galactorrhea-amenorrhea (especially
      of drug-induced galactorrhea-amenorrhea].
AB  - The clinical characteristics of women with galactorrhea and amenorrhea induced by
      drugs were studied. In addition, hyperprolactinemia was, experimentally, induced
      by sulpiride in women, and their endocrinological backgrounds were studied. The
      findings suggested that the mechanism of amenorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia was
      primarily the reduction of steroidogenesis in the ovary, and also the disturbance
      of positive feedback to the hypothalamus. Hyperprolactinemia was induced in rats
      by sulpiride, and the effect on pituitary lactotrophs was studied. In the
      hyperprolactinemic state caused by PIF inhibition by sulpiride it was indicated
      that there was a limit to prolactin secretion and release by the pituitary gland.
      It was also confirmed that a large amount of estradiol exerted a stimulating
      action directly on the PRL-producing cells of the pituitary gland.

PMID- 6438255
TI  - [The purification of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) from third
      trimester serum and the immunological identification of gamma-component of SP1].
AB  - This paper describes the SP1 purification procedures with high recovery from
      third trimester serum and the finding of a new SP1 antigen with gamma-mobility
      (tentatively called SP1-gamma). The serum was salted out at 40% saturation with
      ammonium sulfate and this was followed by Sephadex G-150, DEAE-cellulose, SP1
      negative affinity chromatography and the mono-Q column of FPLC system. The anti
      serum for the immunoadsorption techniques was made from the fractionated male
      serum. By these procedures, the final SP1 preparation was obtained in a yield of
      16% and with a purity of 99%. The purified SP1 (SP1-beta) had beta-mobility and
      its molecular weight approximated 72,000 in SDS polyacryl-amide gel
      electrophoresis. The isoelectric points (pI) ranged between 3.80 to 4.55 using
      isoelectric focusing and the site at pI 4.15 was strongly stained. Another SP1,
      which passed through DEAE-cellulose with a low salt concentration, was detected
      in the gamma-region by means of immunoelectrophoresis using anti-SP1 serum. It
      was ascertained that the SP1-gamma was different from the SP1-beta treated with
      neuraminidase. The SP1-gamma precipitation fusing with SP1-beta could be observed
      even in pregnant serum by usual immunoelectrophoresis. The SP1-gamma preparation
      showed at least four pIs of 5.3, 5.5, 5.65 and 5.8.

PMID- 6438256
TI  - [Recent progress in endocrinology in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

PMID- 6438257
TI  - [Recent trend in the managements of blood-type-incompatible pregnancy--with
      special reference to the peculiarities in Japan].

PMID- 6438258
TI  - Type of collagen in chordoma.
AB  - Pepsin-soluble collagen was extracted from three histologically proven cases of
      chordoma and nucleus pulposus. The collagen types of these materials were
      investigated by differential salting-out, SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of native collagen and their CNBr (cyanogen
      bromide) cleaved peptides, and their amino acid compositions. Although the
      collagen of nucleus pulposus was type II, that of chordoma was largely type I.
      Collagen of notochord, the origin of nucleus pulposus, is known to be type II.
      Further investigation is necessary in view of the fact that collagen of chordoma,
      a tumor believed to be derived from notochord, is not type II.

PMID- 6438259
TI  - Hypogonadism in the zinc-deficient rat: localization of the functional
      abnormalities.
AB  - Hypogonadism is a major manifestation of zinc deficiency in humans and animals,
      but the mechanisms responsible for this hypogonadism are unclear. We evaluated
      the pituitary gonadal axis of zinc-deficient rats with basal testosterone,
      follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone measurements and both
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin
      (HCG) stimulation tests, and we utilized pair-fed (isocalorically fed to zinc
      deficient), weight-restricted (fed to weigh the same as zinc deficient), and ad
      libitum-fed controls. Basal testosterone levels were significantly decreased in
      rats with zinc deficiency (0.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) and weight-restricted rats (0.6 +/-
      0.1 ng/ml) compared with pair-fed rats (1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) and ad libitum-fed
      rats (1.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). Appropriate pituitary response to
      GnRH were noted in each group of rats. In a final study, zinc-deficient and
      weight-restricted rats were given injections of 1 U HCG for 5 days. Weight
      restricted rats demonstrated a highly significant increase in stimulated
      testosterone (7.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) compared with zinc-deficient rats (2.1 +/- 0.3
      ng/ml, p less than 0.0005). We conclude: (1) hypogonadism occurs in both zinc
      deficient and weight-restricted rats compared with pair-fed and ad libitum-fed
      controls; (2) pituitary reserve is intact in zinc-deficient rats; (3) HCG
      stimulation demonstrates Leydig cell failure in zinc-deficient but not weight
      restricted hypogonadal rats; and (4) the hypogonadism in zinc-deficient rats
      results mainly from Leydig cell failure.

PMID- 6438260
TI  - Rheologic measurements on small samples with a new capillary viscometer.
AB  - A newly developed capillary viscometer (capillary diameter 496 micron, length 10
      cm) was tested and used for measurement of blood viscosity. The determination of
      pressure drop along the capillary during a constant flow allowed the calculation
      of the apparent viscosity. By changing the flow rate, the shear rate could be
      varied from 0.67 to 590 sec-1. A sample of 0.5 ml was sufficient for readings to
      be made at 10 shear rates in this range. Measurements of distilled water and
      standard oils were in good agreement with the expected values. Measurements on
      adult human plasma and umbilical cord blood were compared with simultaneous
      readings by Couette viscometer. For whole blood at various shear rates,
      regression analysis between the viscosity obtained from the capillary viscometer
      and that from the Couette viscometer yielded excellent correlation (r = 0.968, p
      less than 0.001). This capillary viscometer with high precision for very small
      samples is useful for various clinical applications.

PMID- 6438261
TI  - Plasma clearance of a new contrast agent, iohexol: a method for the assessment of
      glomerular filtration rate.
AB  - We developed a rapid and precise method for the chemical determination of a new
      contrast agent, iohexol (N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)
      acetamido-2,4, 6-triiodoisophtalamide). Its sensitivity allows the monitoring of
      plasma concentrations for at least 6 hours after the injection of a single small
      dose. The elimination rate of iohexol was constant after approximately 90
      minutes; plasma clearance in healthy volunteers averaged 127 ml/min. The injected
      dose was quantitatively recovered in urine. Determination of plasma clearance on
      two different occasions demonstrated a total variation of 11% (coefficient of
      variation); the methodologic imprecision was minor compared with the biologic
      variation. In 42 patients with normal to moderately impaired renal function, a
      comparison of iohexol and 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearances
      demonstrated an excellent correlation (correlation coefficient 0.98). The
      simplicity and rapidity of the new method makes it an attractive alternative to
      current methods for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 6438262
TI  - Opsonin-independent phagocytosis of surface-adherent bacteria by human alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - Opsonin-independent mechanisms of phagocytosis may be important in host defense
      of certain body sites such as the lung. In this study, one such mechanism,
      "surface phagocytosis," was investigated by measuring the uptake of unopsonized
      [3H]-labeled Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherent to a
      plastic surface by human alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral blood
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Efficient uptake of unopsonized bacteria by
      both cell types was observed. Electron microscopic studies suggested that the
      manner in which these cell types encounter adherent bacteria is different. While
      AM appear to gather in organisms at their periphery as they spread out upon the
      underlying substrate, PMN seem to sweep bacteria up as they move along the
      plastic surface. Bacterial killing determined by a fluorochrome microassay was
      decreased by AM compared to PMN. Although the precise mechanism whereby
      phagocytes recognize unopsonized bacteria adherent to a surface remains to be
      determined, this aspect of phagocytic cell function may prove to have clinical
      relevance.

PMID- 6438263
TI  - Inhibition of yeast phagocytosis in macrophage cultures treated with slime
      polysaccharide purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - This study was initiated to determine whether purified slime polysaccharide(PSP)
      from P aeruginosa inhibits the ingestion of heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      particles in macrophage cultures. Relative to controls, direct phagocytosis
      assays revealed that the percentages of phagocytes and the numbers of ingested
      yeast particles per phagocyte decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PSP-treated
      cultures. Thus, PSP may act as a virulence factor in vivo by impairing the
      phagocytic capacity of macrophages.

PMID- 6438264
TI  - [Effects of the laser on atheroma plaques].
AB  - Effects of laser radiation on atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated in vitro and
      in vivo. Necropsy artherosclerotic femoral and coronary arteries were submitted
      to a laser beam. Arteries were perfused by saline or blood solution and a
      silicone fibro-optic system was placed near the plaques through a balloon
      dilatation catheter. After laser radiation (20 to 40 W, 2 to 10 seconds)
      angiograms and histologic sections were obtained. Aorta of 20 atherosclerotic New
      Zealand rabbits was exposed in dry condition to a CO2 laser beam (2-4 W, 0,2
      second). After reinstatement of blood flow, animals were sacrificed from 24 hours
      to 3 weeks for microscopical examination. In vitro studies showed a significant
      recanalisation of the thrombosed arteries under blood flow but not under saline
      solution. Histologically the laser radiation produced a crater surrounded by
      thermal intimal damage and decollated calcified plaques. In vivo studies showed
      the healing process: no perforation, no aneurysm, no thrombosis occurred. After
      24 hours the crater was filled with a non extensive thrombus, on the first week
      the thrombus contained phagocyte cells and on the third week, the endothelial
      damage was completely healed. These results suggest that laser radiation may be
      effective to recanalize totally occluded arteries in human.

PMID- 6438265
TI  - Blockade of LH and FSH secretion by LH-releasing hormone, by the LH-releasing
      hormone analogue, buserelin, and by combined treatment with LH-releasing hormone
      and oestradiol benzoate.
AB  - The LH and FSH release-stimulating (experiment 1) and -blocking (experiment 2)
      effects of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) and of the LHRH analogue D-Ser(But)6-des
      Gly10-LHRH-ethylamide (buserelin), as well as the effect of combined treatment
      with LHRH and oestradiol benzoate (OB; experiment 3) on the 'supra-maximally'
      LHRH-stimulated release of LH and FSH were studied in rats ovariectomized for 2
      weeks. Pretreatment with LHRH (250 or 500 ng/h) or buserelin (250 ng/h) for 6
      days was effected by means of subcutaneously implanted Alzet osmotic minipumps;
      control rats received a 'sham pump', i.e. a piece of silicone elastomer with the
      dimensions of a minipump. Oestradiol benzoate (3 micrograms/injection) or solvent
      was injected subcutaneously 75 and 27 h before the induction of LH/FSH responses.
      Experiment 1 revealed that after infusion of LHRH and buserelin, both at the rate
      of 1 microgram/h, plasma LHRH concentrations were established which were about
      twice as low as the plasma buserelin concentrations. This might suggest that
      buserelin has a longer half-life than LHRH. As an LH and FSH release-stimulating
      substance, however, it appeared that buserelin was about as effective as LHRH.
      Experiment 2, however, suggested that as an LH/FSH release-blocking agent
      buserelin was much more effective than LHRH. In addition, after buserelin
      pretreatment the pituitary glands contained much less LH and FSH than after LHRH
      pretreatment at both dose levels used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438266
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of wound healing in rat embryos.
AB  - Wound healing in rat early embryos has been studied by scanning electron
      microscopy. Initially the wound gapes slightly and cells peripheral to the wound
      assume a cobble-stone appearance. Wound closure is quite rapid; some small wounds
      are almost closed within 10 min of incision. Wound closure is accompanied by the
      appearance of some elongated cells at the wound edge. These features are similar
      to, although less pronounced than, those which have been observed to accompany
      wound closure in amphibian and avian embryos. Healing of wounds made in the
      amnion is also accompanied by changes in the shapes of cells at the wound
      margins. Wound healing in embryos cultured in Hank's saline is similar to wound
      healing in embryos cultured in serum, suggesting that the macromolecular
      components of serum are not essential to wound healing. Cytochalasin B, which
      inhibits wound closure in amphibian embryos, does not inhibit wound healing in
      rat early embryos unless used at a concentration high enough to cause cell
      dissociation. Similarly chelation of the free calcium in the medium, which also
      prevents wound closure in amphibian embryos, does not inhibit wound closure
      unless the embryo is dissociating. Removal of free calcium does however cause
      collapse of the elevated neural folds. These observations suggest that the
      cellular mechanisms involved in wound healing are different in mammalian and
      amphibian embryos.

PMID- 6438267
TI  - Characterization of a reduced-eye mutant of the grasshopper, Melanoplus
      sanguinipes.
AB  - A reduced-eye (re) mutant grasshopper of Melanoplus sanguinipes has been
      characterized by small flat compound eyes lacking facets, no lateral ocelli and
      only a remnant of the median ocellus. The re grasshoppers walk, jump, fly and
      feed in a normal manner, but do not respond to visual and auditory stimuli,
      suggesting they may be blind and deaf. Extracellular recordings from the ventral
      nerve cord of re mutants verified the lack of neural activity in response to
      visual and auditory inputs, yet the mutants detected mechanical and tactile
      stimuli. Electroretinograms implied that a visual deficit may be within the
      photoreceptors of the compound eye. Histological examination of the compound eyes
      and ocelli indicated that the cells of the mutant compound eye incompletely
      differentiate. The optic lamina underlying the retina is missing, as is the outer
      optic chiasma. The medulla and lobula of the mutant optic lobe are present,
      however, the neuropil of the medulla lacks the characteristic axonal projection
      patterns of wild-type grasshoppers. The re grasshopper also lacks all ocellar
      nerves. Ocellar nerves are normally formed from processes of second order ocellar
      neurons (SONs), suggesting that if the mutant SONs are present within the
      protocerebrum, their morphology is drastically altered. Comparison of embryos and
      juvenile nymphs supports the suggestion that the alterations in the re visual
      system are the result of abnormal differentiation during development. Even though
      there is clear evidence of morphological alterations in second and third order
      optic lobe interneurons, one higher order visual interneuron of the midbrain, the
      descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), has the same morphology as the
      DCMD in a wild-type brain. In this instance, the complete deprivation of the
      primary sensory input does not appear to alter cellular development.

PMID- 6438268
TI  - New screening method for occult gastrointestinal bleeding: immunologic and guaiac
      slide tests.
AB  - A valid mass screening method for occult, bleeding gastrointestinal pathology
      including colorectal cancer should be monospecific for human hemoglobin,
      sensitive for approximately 3 mg of human blood per 1 g of stool, capable of
      differentiating upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, cost effective,
      uncomplicated, and acceptable to patients. Hemoccult II, a guaiac peroxidase
      detection test, is nonspecific for human blood and cannot differentiate between
      upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. A radial immunodiffusion slide test
      for detecting human hemoglobin was compared with a guaiac test over a four-year
      period in 211 patients. in gastrointestinal problems diagnosed by endoscopy,
      roentgenographic rays, and other procedures, the Hemoccult II was positive in 9
      of 41 cases of upper gastrointestinal tract origin (21 percent detection rate),
      whereas the radial immunodiffusion method, expected to be negative as a result of
      action of gastrointestinal proteases, was positive in only 3 and negative in 38
      of the 41 samples (92 percent accuracy). The two tests were equally effective in
      detecting lower gastrointestinal bleeding (14 of 37 samples, 37 percent
      accuracy). The findings of this study indicate that the immunologic test may
      remedy the deficiencies of the guaiac test. The concomitant use of the
      immunologic and appropriately sensitive guaiac test appears to fulfill screening
      test requisites.

PMID- 6438269
TI  - Development profile of the heat shock response in early embryos of Drosophila.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster embryos reared at 22 degrees C were subjected to a mild
      heat shock (40 min at 37 degrees C) at various ages in order to determine whether
      there are changes in the heat shock response during embryogenesis. The effects of
      the heat shock were measured by assaying (1), subsequent developmental
      abnormalities (2), developmental time (3), hatchability, and (4), the ability to
      synthesize the heat shock proteins as assayed by 35S-methionine pulse labeling
      followed by protein separations using both one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Our data show that, first, proteins with molecular weights
      similar to those of six of the seven major heat shock proteins are normally found
      in the embryo at control temperatures (22 degrees C); second, that the
      pregastrula embryo (stages 2-6) is not capable of displaying any aspect of the
      heat shock response upon treatment, although it may possess all of the so-called
      heat shock proteins; third, that the complete heat shock response is acquired
      very rapidly by early gastrula embryos; and fourth, that the heat shock treatment
      brings about developmental delays and/or abnormalities, depending on the
      developmental stage of the embryo at the time of the treatment. These
      developmental abnormalities appear to stem from the failure of early embryos to
      completely inhibit their synthesis of non-heat-shock proteins. In the light of
      these findings, it becomes important not to base conclusions about the putative
      presence of a heat shock response in a particular tissue or developmental stage
      solely on the presence or absence of the heat shock proteins.

PMID- 6438270
TI  - The role of cell proliferation and cellular shape change in branching
      morphogenesis of the embryonic mouse lung: analysis using aphidicolin and
      cytochalasins.
AB  - The formation of induced supernumerary buds in the embryonic mouse tracheal
      epithelium has been used as a model system to analyse the respective roles of
      cell proliferation and microfilament-mediated cell shape change during branching
      morphogenesis. In order to analyse the mitotic events associated with the
      formation of epithelial buds, the induction of supernumerary tracheal buds by
      mesenchymal grafts was carried out with the inhibitor of DNA synthesis,
      aphidicolin, present in the culture medium for varying intervals of time during
      the 16-hour inductive process. The presence of aphidicolin for 10 to 16 hours of
      the inductive period blocks the formation of induced tracheal buds, whereas the
      presence of the inhibitor for half of that time (either the first 8 hours or the
      last 8 hours) does not prevent this morphogenetic event from taking place,
      although smaller buds resulted from induction under these conditions. Both the
      inhibition of DNA synthesis and the recovery from 10 microM aphidicolin
      treatment, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, were found to occur
      rapidly. The addition of 2 microM dihydrocytochalasin B (or cytochalasin B)
      together with aphidicolin during the second half of the inductive period inhibits
      the formation of supernumerary buds and upon removal of the cytochalasin rapid
      formation of buds takes place. We conclude that the formation of epithelial buds
      during branching morphogenesis occurs as a result of enhanced localized cell
      proliferation coupled with epithelial cell shape change (or preservation of cell
      morphology) mediated by microfilaments, which have been observed in both the
      apical and basal cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the region where branching
      of the trachea is taking place.

PMID- 6438271
TI  - Stomach rupture by infusion pump and Foley catheter.
AB  - A nine-month-old girl who had successfully undergone surgery for esophageal
      atresia sustained a rupture of the stomach when an infusion pump was
      inadvertently connected to the balloon port of a Foley catheter being used as a
      gastrostomy tube. A strong similarity in appearance and feel of the balloon port
      and the drainage port of the catheter was created when a clear plastic adapter
      was inserted in the drainage port for connection of the pump tubing. Other
      factors contributing to the accident were poor lighting at the time of the
      connection, failure of the infusion pump occlusion alarm to activate at pressures
      low enough to prevent injury, and the reduced size of the child's stomach
      following surgery.

PMID- 6438272
TI  - A monoclonal antibody specific for the A antigen of Brucella spp.
AB  - Two murine monoclonal antibodies of the IgG3 class have been isolated after
      immunization with Brucella abortus. An indirect immunofluorescence test was used
      to screen hybridoma supernatants and subsequently to determine the cross
      reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies with other bacteria. One monoclonal
      antibody reacted with all the smooth Brucella biotypes tried and with Yersinia
      enterocolitica serogroup 0:9, though not with rough Br. ovis or with strains of
      Escherichia, Proteus, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Francisella and Bordetella. The
      other monoclonal antibody displayed a high degree of specificity for brucellae
      carrying the A lipopolysaccharide-protein surface antigen. The implications for
      the diagnosis of brucellosis are discussed.

PMID- 6438273
TI  - Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of the scrapie agent in Nycodenz.
AB  - Plasma membrane-enriched preparations from scrapie-infected and healthy hamster
      brains were detergent-extracted, then separated by equilibrium density
      centrifugation in continuous Nycodenz gradients. The highest level of infectivity
      was always associated with the insoluble residue which sedimented through 40%
      Nycodenz. The degree of aggregation in these insoluble complexes varied depending
      upon treatment. Centrifugation in gradients containing 2 M- to 8 M-urea resulted
      in the formation of large insoluble aggregates which seemed to retain a high
      level of infectivity when measured by the method of incubation interval assay.
      However, measurement of infectivity in these same samples by endpoint titration
      of tenfold dilutions resulted in values a thousand times lower. These
      observations reinforce previous findings that scrapie infectivity exists as a
      macromolecular complex and, furthermore, they emphasize the necessity for using
      non-denaturing conditions for purification of the scrapie agent.

PMID- 6438274
TI  - Kilham rat virus DNA replication in subcellular fractions.
AB  - A subcellular system actively replicating Kilham rat virus DNA in vitro was
      developed. Cellular lysates and isolated nuclei from infected cells showed an
      amplification of replicative forms in vitro. Solubilized replicative complexes,
      either partly purified or in the form of a crude extract, were able to synthesize
      replicative forms and single-stranded DNA. DNA polymerase alpha played a major
      role in Kilham rat virus DNA synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, a
      factor present in the cytosol of infected cells increased the polymerizing
      activity of viral replicative complexes.

PMID- 6438275
TI  - SP3: a flagellotropic bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP3 was shown to be flagellotropic. Mechanical
      deflagellation of host strain 168wt prevented phage adsorption but adsorption was
      normal when deflagellated 186wt was allowed sufficient time to regenerate
      flagella. Two host strains lacking flagella (130 fla- and 19 fla-) did not adsorb
      SP3. Two host strains with paralysed flagella (38mot- and 13mot-) adsorbed SP3
      inefficiently. Revertants of fla- and mot- strains to the motile phenotype
      adsorbed SP3 normally. A temperature-sensitive host mutant, ts46, with reduced
      numbers of flagella at 46 degrees C was incapable of efficient SP3 adsorption at
      this temperature. However, transfection of ts46 by SP3 DNA occurred with
      virtually identical efficiency at either temperature. Adsorption of a non
      flagellotropic phage, SP82, to all bacterial strains used was unaffected by
      absence of flagella. Isolated flagella adsorbed SP3 inefficiently. Spontaneously
      non-motile strains of 168wt had lost the ability to support growth of SP3 but
      SP82 grew normally. Revertants of these strains to the motile phenotype regained
      the ability to support SP3 growth. Strains derived from surviving bacteria in SP3
      lysates of 168wt were non-motile.

PMID- 6438276
TI  - The removal of hepatitis B virus from factor VIII concentrates by fractionation
      on ethylene maleic anhydride polyelectrolyte.
AB  - Chromatography with a solid-phase polyelectrolyte based on ethylene maleic
      anhydride polyelectrolyte (EMA PE) has been shown to remove a large proportion of
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), including hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles,
      from contaminated cryoprecipitate. This process may reduce the risk of
      transmission of HBV infection when factor VIII concentrates are administered.

PMID- 6438277
TI  - More than 25,000 cases of gonorrhea reported in Louisiana each year.

PMID- 6438278
TI  - Anticonvulsant drugs alter plasma tryptophan concentrations in epileptic
      patients: implications for antiepileptic action and mental function.
AB  - In epileptic patients carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin have opposite effects
      on whole and free plasma tryptophan concentrations, the former elevating and the
      latter depressing them. It is unlikely that these observations relate to the
      similar anti-epileptic properties of these two drugs but they may relate to their
      different effects on mental function and mood.

PMID- 6438279
TI  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in childhood.
AB  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an uncommon sarcoma in the
      pediatric population; however, its presence should be considered in a child with
      an enlarging or painful soft-tissue mass. Diagnosis of this neoplasm depends on
      either the demonstration of its origin within a peripheral nerve or the
      association with a contiguous neurofibroma. We have identified 16 cases of MPNST
      involving children 16 years of age or less, which represent 12.8% of the total
      cases seen at the Mayo Clinic. Most of the lesions arose in children with von
      Recklinghausen's disease and were associated with a contiguous neurofibromatous
      component. The mean survival of patients who were known to have died of tumor was
      only 1.8 years. This sarcoma requires prompt aggressive therapy utilizing wide
      surgical excision. Because of the association of MPNST with von Recklinghausen's
      neurofibromatosis, a careful workup and family history should be obtained for the
      potential prognostic value and for the purpose of genetic counseling.

PMID- 6438280
TI  - Calmodulin stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and increases dopamine
      activation in bovine retina.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity in bovine retina is highly responsive to Ca2+ and the
      endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin (CaM). CaM stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity in washed particulate fractions of bovine retina by 6.6-fold in
      a Ca2+-dependent manner. Activation of adenylate cyclase activity by CaM was
      maximal at 0.12 microM free Ca2+. The apparent Ka for calmodulin stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase was 67 nM and the apparent Vmax was 116 pmol/min/mg of protein
      above basal activity. Adenylate cyclase activity in bovine retina was stimulated
      approximately 50% by guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), but the nonhydrolyzable GTP
      analogue, guanosine-5'-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), was able to
      activate the enzyme nearly 5-fold. CaM and Gpp(NH)p appeared to be partially
      competitive activators of adenylate cyclase in the retina particulate fraction.
      Dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of GTP with an
      apparent Ka of 1.0 microM and an apparent Vmax of 66 pmol/min/mg of protein. Ca2+
      and CaM increased the apparent Vmax of the dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity more than 2-fold to a level of 146 pmol/min/mg of protein but did not
      alter the apparent Ka. This suggests that CaM is an endogenous modulator of
      dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the retina. CaM-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase activity may be a common component to retina since we found
      this activity in retinas from rabbit, rat, and goldfish as well as cow.

PMID- 6438281
TI  - A needs assessment of significant others following the patient's spinal cord
      injury.

PMID- 6438282
TI  - Effect of enteral tube feeding on serum phenytoin levels.
AB  - The primary purpose of the present study was to determine if altering the timing
      of phenytoin administration in relation to delivery of tube feedings increased
      serum phenytoin levels. Stopping tube feedings for two hours before and two hours
      after administration is a procedure that nurses could employ independently for
      better patient care. However, this adds an extra procedure to the nurse's already
      busy routine. It also requires the nurse to adjust either the tube feeding flow
      rate or bolus amount in order to deliver the same amount of calories per day.
      Based on this study, it appears that this intervention procedure is not effective
      for the patient and is time-consuming for the nurse. Instead, the focus for
      increasing phenytoin serum levels in patients receiving tube feedings should
      probably be on increasing the dosage.

PMID- 6438283
TI  - Financial management series. Functional value analysis.
AB  - A brief explanation of the process of functional value analysis, an in-depth
      method of developing cost-saving ideas, is provided in this article. Steps for
      preliminary preparation are discussed, then the actual phases of functional value
      analysis are described. This analysis is a complete method for developing and
      assessing cost-saving measures during this time of increasing pressures in the
      health care arena.

PMID- 6438284
TI  - Iron absorption by humans and swine from Fe(III)-EDTA. Further studies.
AB  - Studies on iron absorption from Na59Fe-EDTA in humans have shown that only a
      small proportion of the iron absorbed is excreted by the kidney, less than 1% of
      the dose administered. The pathway of Na55Fe-[2-14C]EDTA absorption and excretion
      when administered orally was studied in swine. A certain proportion (about 5%) of
      the 55Fe is split from the EDTA complex in the lumen of the gut, absorbed mainly
      from the pylorus and upper jejunum, transferred to plasma transferrin and then
      incorporated into the circulating hemoglobin. A small proportion of the iron
      absorbed, less than 1% of the dose administered, is excreted by the kidney, to a
      degree similar to that excreted by humans. The rest of the iron is eliminated in
      the feces, about 3% in a soluble form possibly still bound to EDTA and the
      greater part, about 92%, in an insoluble form. About 5% of the 14C is absorbed
      almost uniformly along the pyloric duodenal and jejunal mucosa, then transferred
      slowly to the plasma and excreted by the kidney within 48 hours. The rest of the
      14C was excreted in the feces, about 80% in a soluble form and 20% in the
      insoluble fraction.

PMID- 6438285
TI  - Effect of Maillard reaction products on protein digestion. In vivo studies on
      rats.
AB  - The effect of a glucose-lysine reaction mixture on protein digestion in rats was
      studied by using 3H-labeled free lysine, 14C- or 3H-labeled protein-bound lysine
      and 35S-labeled protein-bound cystine in the experimental diets. The low
      molecular-weight part of the glucose-lysine reaction mixture (1.5% wt/wt in the
      diet) affected the utilization of dietary protein-derived amino acids, as
      revealed by the ratio and the levels of different labels in plasma after feeding.
      The browned crust from a heated minced-meat loaf was less well digested and had a
      lower biological value than the crumb in a nitrogen-balance study with rats. When
      the water-soluble fraction of the crust was removed, the biological value of the
      crust was restored to the value of the crumb but the digestibility remained low.
      The addition of the water-soluble fraction of the crust had only a slight effect
      on the digestibility of the crumb. It is concluded that compounds in the glucose
      lysine reaction model affect the dietary protein utilization of rats but were not
      present or otherwise could not explain the reduced utilization of proteins in the
      crust of the heated meat product.

PMID- 6438286
TI  - Changes in fat concentration of human milk during delivery by intermittent bolus
      and continuous mechanical pump infusion.
AB  - The changes in fat concentration and cumulative fat losses that occur during the
      delivery of human milk using two different continuous infusion systems were
      compared with the changes in fat concentration during simulated intermittent
      gavage or bolus feedings. With both mechanical pumps the largest cumulative fat
      losses and the greatest decreases in fat concentrations occurred at the slowest
      infusion rates. State of homogenization of the milk generally made little
      difference in the changes in fat concentration using the syringe pump, whereas
      homogenizing the milk increased the fat concentration significantly with the
      roller pump. With the syringe pump the positioning of the syringe tip (horizontal
      or vertical) made no difference in fat concentration at an infusion rate of 1
      ml/hr, whereas at 4 and 7 ml/hr the fat concentration was increased significantly
      by keeping the syringe tip vertical. With either mechanical pump a large fat
      bolus was delivered during the eighth and final hour of infusion if the milk
      remaining in the tubing was recovered by using air infusion at the same infusion
      rate. Intermittent bolus delivery of human milk resulted in no significant loss
      of human milk fat, no changes in fat concentration, and no terminal delivery of a
      large fat load. Thus intermittent bolus feedings are preferred over continuous
      mechanical pump infusion systems for the delivery of human milk to low-birth
      weight infants.

PMID- 6438287
TI  - Hypercalcemia associated with phosphate depletion in the neonate.

PMID- 6438288
TI  - Carnitine and neonatal lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6438289
TI  - Dietary supplements in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6438290
TI  - Myopathy and growth failure in debrancher enzyme deficiency: improvement with
      high-protein nocturnal enteral therapy.
AB  - Seven patients with debrancher enzyme deficiency and childhood or adolescent
      onset myopathy, four of whom also had growth failure, received long-term
      treatment consisting of high-protein enteral infusion overnight and high-protein
      feeds during the day for periods varying from 8 to 42 months. All patients
      demonstrated improvement in physical activity and endurance. Improvement in
      muscle strength was documented in five patients, with reversal of myopathic EMG
      patterns to normal in two patients and reversal of abnormal ECG findings to
      normal in one patient. All four patients with growth failure showed dramatic
      improvement in growth rates. This positive response to high-protein enteral
      therapy supports the concept that myopathy in debrancher enzyme deficiency is at
      least partly the result of reversible muscle amino acid depletion.

PMID- 6438291
TI  - Computed tomography of GM1 gangliosidosis.

PMID- 6438292
TI  - In vitro cultivation of Dipetalonema viteae third-stage larvae: effect of the gas
      phase.
AB  - The effect of the gas phase on the in vitro growth and development of
      Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) third-stage larvae obtained from the
      tick vector and 3 day infections of jirds was examined. Measurements of the
      oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) tensions and the pH in the medium were
      made for each gas phase. In cultures gassed with 5% carbon dioxide in nitrogen
      the pO2 was between 32 and 50 mm Hg, the pCO2 ranged from 25 to 40 mm Hg and the
      pH was between 7.2 and 7.4. This gas phase resulted in the best growth and
      development of third-stage larvae to the fourth-stage. Survival and development
      of larvae were decreased in cultures with oxygen tensions less than 20 mm Hg and
      greater than 50 mm Hg.

PMID- 6438293
TI  - Effect of size of Trichinella spiralis (Nematode) infections on glucose and ion
      transport in the rat intestine.
AB  - An in vivo perfusion technique, using 3 intestinal loops representing the
      anterior, mid and posterior regions of the rat small intestine, was used to
      determine intestinal glucose uptake 5 days after infection with Trichinella
      spiralis. At high levels of infection (3,000 and 6,000 larvae/rat) net glucose
      absorption by the intestinal mucosa was significantly impaired in all regions of
      the small intestine when compared to uninfected controls. At low levels of
      infection (50 larvae/rat) glucose uptake by the mucosa was significantly enhanced
      in all 3 regions of the small intestine. Intermediate levels of infections (200
      1,000 larvae/rat) also enhanced glucose uptake, but only in the anterior regions
      of the small intestine. When washings from the small intestine of rats infected
      with 50 larvae/rat were added to the perfusion fluid used on uninfected rats,
      glucose uptake was also significantly enhanced. These results suggest that at low
      levels of infection the intestinal lumen contains a metabolite which may affect
      the mucosal transport of glucose and the related fluxes of H2O, Na+, Cl-, and K+,
      in the rat intestine. Luminal [H+] and pCO2 decreased from the proximal to distal
      regions of the small intestine following perfusion; pO2 was significantly
      decreased in the proximal and distal regions.

PMID- 6438294
TI  - Reappraisal of the mucosal epithelial space associated with the surface of
      Hymenolepis diminuta and its effect on transport parameters.
AB  - Using nonpermeating, radiolabeled solutes to estimate the magnitude of the
      "unstirred water layer" (="mucosal epithelial space") of the surface of
      Hymenolepis diminuta, a value approximating 1% of the worm's fluid volume (0.011
      0.022 ml/g wet tissue) was obtained. This value was compared with those
      previously reported by other workers which were greater by an order of magnitude.
      The difference between these results appears to be related to the use in previous
      studies of a permeating marker (mannitol), and a failure to divest the surface of
      nonspecifically adherent bathing fluid in excess of the actual "unstirred layer".
      These parameters must be considered in future studies on this useful model for
      the study of transport.

PMID- 6438295
TI  - Hepatic aluminum accumulation in children on total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Five children receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing
      casein hydrolysate as the protein source underwent percutaneous liver biopsies
      because of the development of cholestasis and abnormal liver function tests. All
      five demonstrated moderate to severe histopathologic changes. In addition,
      hepatic aluminum content was determined to be markedly elevated in all cases.
      Although the hepatotoxicity of aluminum is as yet undetermined, deposition of
      other metals has been associated with liver damage, and aluminum has been
      associated with pathology in other tissues. Thus, the possibility that aluminum
      deposition may play a role in the pathogenesis or exacerbate the course of liver
      dysfunction associated with TPN should be considered.

PMID- 6438296
TI  - Pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide as an index of total bilirubin
      formation in adult male Wistar rats with common bile duct ligation.
AB  - Total bilirubin formation (TBF) in the rat after a short period of common bile
      duct ligation was studied by measuring the pulmonary excretion rate of CO (VECO).
      At postoperative day 3, the VECO of experimental animals was higher when compared
      with the preoperative VECO (p less than 0.005); whereas the VECO of control
      animals did not change. Also, on the 3rd postoperative day, the relative rate of
      early labeling of bilirubin following the administration of delta-aminolevulinic
      acid-5-14C, a preferential hepatic heme synthesis precursor, was similar between
      the experimental and control animals; only the experimental animals had an
      abnormal peroxide hemolysis test. We conclude that common bile duct ligation in
      the rat is associated with elevations in the VECO, indicating significant
      increases in TBF, and the source of the increase is probably of erythropoietic
      origin. This finding may be relevant to the understanding of the pathophysiology
      of obstructive jaundice in human neonates.

PMID- 6438297
TI  - Energy needs and nutritional rehabilitation in undernourished adolescents and
      young adult patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The energy needs, nutritional status and body composition of 6 undernourished
      adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis (3 male and 3 female) were
      studied prior to and following a 12 day period of refeeding. Nutritional
      rehabilitation was attempted with continuous naso-gastric feeding of an elemental
      diet. The energy needs of the patients were shown to be 25-80% higher than in
      healthy individuals of the same age, sex and size. Lean body mass as judged by
      measurement of total body potassium and nitrogen was relatively well preserved,
      but there was significant wasting of adipose tissue. During the short period of
      refeeding, body weight, fat and potassium all increased significantly, while fat
      free body mass and total body nitrogen did not change. A model is proposed for
      the aetiology of undernutrition in the adolescent and young adult cystic with
      deteriorating lung function. Based on this model and the finding of the short
      term N/G refeeding program described in this paper, we have embarked on a long
      term supplementation study in malnourished CF patients who do not respond to
      dietary counselling and oral supplementation.

PMID- 6438298
TI  - Gastrostomy tube stabilizer.
AB  - A new method of gastrostomy tube fixation is described using a metal-ring
      appliance. This maintains the position of the tube, preventing progression of the
      tube towards the pylorus, and avoids movement, thus diminishing leakage around
      the tube. The wound and skin are exposed, easily accessible, and avoid the
      sogginess encountered with the nipple stabilization. The incidence of fungal
      infections is also reduced.

PMID- 6438299
TI  - Differential effects of collagen in oral tissues and skin by protein-energy
      malnourished newborn rats and lactating dams.
AB  - Effects of protein-energy malnutrition were studied in newborn rats and their
      dams. Upon delivery, dams received 6%, 12% or 20% protein diets. At Day 15 pups
      received 14C(U)-proline. The posterior tongue, hard palatal mucosa, soft palatal
      mucosa and skin were analyzed for collagen and counts incorporated (collagen
      synthesis, that is, the rate of 14C-proline converted to 14C-hydroxy-proline into
      gingival collagen). These regions of the dams were also removed to study collagen
      content. Although soft palatal mucosal collagen of newborns in the 6% and 12%
      protein groups was decreased, that of skin in the 6% protein group was increased.
      No such differences were observed in tongue and hard palatal mucosa. Counts
      incorporated was decreased in the tongue, soft palatal mucosa and skin, but not
      in hard palatal mucosa. Collagen contents of tongue and hard palatal mucosa and
      skin of the dams showed no differences, whereas that of soft palatal mucosa in
      the 6% protein groups was increased. Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on
      oral tissues and skin were therefore different between newborns and lactating
      dams. Furthermore, one part of oral mucosa is affected differently from other
      parts of mucosa and in both, degree of malnutrition has different influences.

PMID- 6438300
TI  - [Substrate specificity and inhibition by various compounds of aldose reductase II
      from rabbit lens].

PMID- 6438301
TI  - Prediction of the disposition of beta-lactam antibiotics in humans from
      pharmacokinetic parameters in animals.
AB  - Various pharmacokinetic parameters (disposition half-life, total body clearance,
      renal clearance, hepatic clearance, volume of distribution, intrinsic clearance
      and volume of distribution of unbound drug) of six beta-lactam antibiotics were
      compared in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, and human. Two methods for
      prediction of the disposition of the beta-lactam antibiotics in humans by
      extrapolation of the animal data were evaluated. One was the Adolph-Dedrick
      approach, which can be used to predict clearances in humans from the relationship
      between intrinsic clearances and body weight in the other five species. The
      volume of distribution in humans was predicted from the relationship between the
      volume of distribution and serum unbound fraction in the five species. The other
      was the Boxenbaum approach, which can be used to predict the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of the six beta-lactam antibiotics in humans by using the regression
      lines of log-log plots of intrinsic clearance and volume of distribution of
      unbound drug in a single species, in this case the monkey. The half-life
      calculated according to the latter method had a smaller absolute error than that
      calculated according to the former method, but the better method for
      extrapolation of animal data to humans seems to be the former method, which does
      not require a priori information regarding structure-pharmacokinetic
      relationships among the antibiotics.

PMID- 6438302
TI  - Neuron-specific phosphoproteins as biochemical indicators of neurotoxicity:
      effects of acute administration of trimethyltin to the adult rat.
AB  - The cytoarchitecture of the adult central nervous system is expressed by proteins
      specific to individual cell types. In this investigation, a subclass of these
      proteins, the neuron-specific phosphoproteins, was examined after the
      administration of trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxicant which preferentially
      damages neurons in limbic structures. After acute administration of TMT (0.0-9.0
      mg/kg i.v.), effects on neuronal phosphoproteins were examined by three separate
      techniques: endogenous phosphorylation of total synaptic membrane proteins;
      radiometric assay of synapsin I, a neuron-specific phosphoprotein associated with
      synaptic vesicles; and radioimmunoassay of synapsin I and protein III, another
      synapse specific, synaptic vesicle-localized phosphoprotein. All three procedures
      gave similar results. TMT caused dose- and time-dependent decreases in
      hippocampal phosphoproteins. These effects were large in magnitude and were still
      evident 14 weeks after exposure to TMT. Microdissection of slices of dorsal
      hippocampus did not reveal significant regional differences in the extent to
      which TMT affected synapsin I. Phosphoproteins in frontal cortex, unlike those in
      hippocampus, were not affected by TMT. Our findings are consistent with the
      neuropathological effects of this compound and suggest that neuron-specific
      phosphoproteins may be useful biochemical indicators of neurotoxicity.

PMID- 6438303
TI  - Biochemical, functional and morphological indicators of neurotoxicity: effects of
      acute administration of trimethyltin to the developing rat.
AB  - The neurotoxic organometal, trimethyltin (TMT), was administered to rats on
      postnatal day (PND)5. Neurotoxicity was assessed throughout subsequent
      development using morphological, biochemical and functional endpoints. These
      consisted of brain weight measures and histology (morphology), assays of nervous
      system-specific proteins (biochemistry) and neurobehavioral indices of activity
      and learning (function). All three indices were affected. TMT caused dose-related
      decreases in brain weights at all ages examined, PND13, 22 and 66, with the
      hippocampus being the most severely reduced. Histological examination of the
      hippocampus revealed loss of pyramidal neurons in CA3 to CA4. Exposure to TMT was
      followed by dose- and age-dependent reductions in synapsin I, a neuron-specific
      phosphoprotein associated with synaptic vesicles; these effects of TMT were
      greater in hippocampus than in forebrain. TMT did not alter the concentration or
      protein composition of isolated myelin. The ontogeny of locomotion was altered in
      a dose- and time-dependent manner; TMT induced hypoactivity early in development
      (PND13) and hyperactivity by weaning (PND21); hyperactivity was also observed in
      the adult. Finally, TMT also affected learning ability throughout development.
      Deficits were observed in: acquisition and retention of an instrumental alleyway
      response; acquisition of a step-through passive avoidance response; and radial
      arm maze performance. These results demonstrate the use of a multi-endpoint,
      multi-timepoint strategy for the detection and characterization of neurotoxicity.

PMID- 6438304
TI  - Exploring peer relationships.

PMID- 6438305
TI  - The influence of hospital admission on long-term medication of elderly patients.

PMID- 6438306
TI  - Prolonged gastroduodenal ileus complicating aortic aneurysm surgery.

PMID- 6438307
TI  - John Hall Grundy lecture. Reflections on some human ectoparasites.

PMID- 6438308
TI  - Genetic control of humoral immunity to sperm acrosomal and cell surface antigens.
AB  - We have defined the nature of genetic control of humoral immunity to sperm cell
      surface (TSDA) and acrosome (Ac) antigens. A sperm immunization dose that
      distinguishes between high-responder (BALB/c) and low-responder (B10) strains of
      mice was identified. B10 mice were unresponsive, whereas BALB/c and F1 hybrid
      mice responded to sperm of both parental strains. The ratio of nonresponder to
      responder mice in the B10 X F1 backcross and F1 X F1 inbred generations indicates
      anti-TSDA or anti-Ac antibody responsiveness is controlled through more than a
      single gene. The significant correlation found between the anti-TSDA and anti-Ac
      responses is consistent with the possibility that one or more genes controls
      antibody responsiveness against determinants common to both the Ac and sperm cell
      surface. Neither anti-TSDA nor anti-Ac antibody responses were linked to the I-A
      subregion of the responder H-2d MHC haplotype. In addition to a genetic
      difference in the control of humoral immunity to sperm, a difference in sperm
      immunogenicity among strains was observed. Antigens of the Ac of B10 sperm are
      more immunogenic than those of BALB/c sperm, and this trait is linked to the B10
      Y chromosome.

PMID- 6438309
TI  - Fatal intrahepatic cholestasis and interstitial lung fibrosis following gold
      therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6438310
TI  - Cancer: myths and misconceptions.

PMID- 6438312
TI  - An intelligent person's guide to migraine management.

PMID- 6438311
TI  - Counselling marital stress and breakdown.

PMID- 6438313
TI  - Training in modern chiropody.

PMID- 6438314
TI  - Are accidents at work being exported to developing countries? Some indications
      from the Philippines.

PMID- 6438315
TI  - Meat hygiene: the changing years.

PMID- 6438316
TI  - Medical laboratory manpower training in Hong Kong.

PMID- 6438317
TI  - Australian Aboriginal health and change.

PMID- 6438318
TI  - WHO launches a programme for new vaccines.

PMID- 6438319
TI  - Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. 4. Synthesis and antibacterial
      activity of 7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4 -dihydro-4-oxo-1,8
      naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid and its analogues.
AB  - The title compounds (28-56) with an amino- and/or hydroxy-substituted cyclic
      amino group at C-7 were prepared with 1-substituted 7-chloro-, 7-(ethylsulfonyl)
      , and 7-(tosyloxy)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3- carboxylic
      acids and their ethyl esters (3-7) with cyclic amines such as 3-aminopyrrolidine.
      The N-1 substituent includes ethyl, vinyl, and 2-fluoroethyl groups. As a result
      of in vitro and in vivo antibacterial screenings, three compounds, 1-ethyl- and 1
      vinyl-7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-6-fluoro- 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3
      carboxylic acids (33a and 33b) and 1-vinyl-7-[3-(methylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]
      analogue 34b, were found to be more active than enoxacin (2) and to be worthy of
      further biological study. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.

PMID- 6438320
TI  - A 1H NMR study of the interactions and conformations of rationally designed
      brodimoprim analogues in complexes with Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate
      reductase.
AB  - A consideration of the detailed structural information available from X-ray
      crystallographic and NMR studies on complexes of dihydrofolate reductase with
      inhibitors has led to the design of trimethoprim analogues with improved binding
      properties. Computer graphic techniques have been used to predict which
      substituent groups were required at the 3'-O position of brodimoprim (2,4-diamino
      5-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-bromobenzyl)pyrimidine) to make additional interactions with
      the enzyme. NMR spectroscopy provided a convenient method of assessing if the
      analogues were binding in the predicted manner. On the basis of this approach,
      the C4,C6-dicarboxylic acid analogue IX was designed to interact with Arg-57 and
      His-28 in the enzyme, and this analogue was found to bind 3 orders of magnitude
      more tightly than the parent brodimoprim.

PMID- 6438321
TI  - Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-amino-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one
      (3,7-dideazaguanine).
AB  - The synthesis of 6-amino-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (3,7-dideazaguanine,
      2) has been accomplished from 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrrole-2-acetonitrile. In
      contrast to 3-deazaguanine, compound 2 did not show any antitumor, antiviral, or
      antibacterial properties. Furthermore, it was not a substrate for hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

PMID- 6438322
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler's disease) is not
      possible by electron microscopy of uncultured amniotic fluid cells.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder
      characterised by the deficient activity of iduronidase and by the presence of MPS
      vacuoles in many tissues of affected patients. We studied whether these
      characteristics could be used for the antenatal diagnosis of the disease. We
      obtained amniotic fluid cells from two pregnancies at risk for MPS I, one
      pregnancy at risk for GSD II (another lysosomal disease), and eight normal
      control pregnancies. Measurements of iduronidase activity in cultured amniotic
      fluid cells indicated the presence of a MPS I fetus in one high risk pregnancy
      and an unaffected fetus in the other. This diagnosis was confirmed at delivery.
      On electron microscopy the uncultured amniotic fluid cells exhibited MPS-like
      vacuoles in the pregnancy with a GSD II fetus, in three of eight normal
      pregnancies, and in the pregnancy at risk for MPS I that had a normal fetus. No
      such vacuoles were seen in the pregnancy with the MPS I fetus. These false
      positive and false negative findings indicate that antenatal diagnosis of MPS I
      cannot be based on the electron microscopic presence or absence of MPS I vacuoles
      in uncultured amniotic fluid cells.

PMID- 6438323
TI  - Evaluation of mycobacterial antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
AB  - Five mycobacterial antigens were compared in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. The antigens studied were an
      unheated sterile culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculin
      purified protein derivative (PPD) from M. tuberculosis (PPDa), purified
      cytoplasmic protein antigens 5 and 6 from M. tuberculosis, and a PPD prepared
      from M. kansasi (PPDk). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that geometric
      mean titres obtained with each of the antigens in ELISA were significantly
      different in tuberculosis patients and in control groups. The covariation of the
      ELISA results with the five antigens was highly interdependent. Analysis of
      receiver operating characteristics revealed that the most accurate test was
      obtained with antigen 5. M. tuberculosis PPD, M. tuberculosis antigen 6, and M.
      tuberculosis culture filtrate were, in descending order, less accurate.

PMID- 6438324
TI  - Occurrence and experimental infection of toads (Bufo marinus and B. granulosus)
      with Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. abscessus.
AB  - In a survey of 234 Amazonian toads and frogs, six strains of Mycobacterium
      chelonei subsp. abscessus were isolated from the liver or spleen of four of 66
      Bufo marinus (6.1%) and from the kidney or peritoneal fluid of two of 86 B.
      granulosus (2.3%). There were no histopathological lesions in the viscera of the
      infected animals. Experimental infection of 29 captive B. marinus and B.
      granulosus, by the intraperitoneal route, with a pooled inoculum of M. chelonei
      subsp. abscessus caused five deaths near the end of a 2-month observation period.
      M. chelonei subsp. abscessus was isolated from the liver, spleen, kidney, gonad,
      heart and lung of toads killed at various intervals after inoculation, and
      intracellular acid-fast bacilli were seen in these organs. Histological evidence
      of invasion of tissues by mycobacteria became apparent from the 45th day after
      infection. The susceptibility to infection of B. marinus and B. granulosus
      suggests that these toads may serve as a fortuitous animal host for M. chelonei
      subsp. abscessus.

PMID- 6438325
TI  - The variable response of bacteria to free haemoglobin in the tissues.
AB  - The local enhancement of infection by exogenous ferric iron, as ferric ammonium
      citrate, and by ferrous iron as guinea-pig haemoglobin, was assessed in studies
      with 55 strains of bacteria injected into the skin of guinea-pigs. The test
      organisms included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella spp.,
      Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Four strains of Bacteroides spp.
      were tested with haemoglobin only. As previously reported with other strains,
      enhancement of infection by members of a given species by ferric iron was
      variable; in this study infection with only 11 of 59 strains was enhanced.
      Haemoglobin either of equal or lesser iron content was a more potent enhancer,
      affecting 27 of the 59 strains. The enhancement ranged from two-fold to 80-fold,
      the higher figures on the whole being characteristic of haemoglobin enhancement.
      Some few instances of depression by both haemoglobin and ferric ammonium citrate
      were noted. A few tests were made with systemic haemoglobin but the
      concentrations attainable were largely ineffective. Enhancement of infection did
      not appear to be related to the capacity of a strain to lyse or digest host red
      blood cells. In so far as guinea-pigs, whose antibacterial defences are lowered
      by ferric or ferrous iron, represent human subjects at risk of infection because
      of clinical circumstances characterised by excess of available iron--either
      exogenous or as a result of haemolysis--our results with organisms of a kind
      commonly associated with infection in hospitals suggest that only a small
      proportion of environmental bacteria can take advantage of any decreased
      resistance associated with iron excess.

PMID- 6438326
TI  - Primates--requirements by the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - The use of primate animals by the pharmaceutical industry, emphasizing the
      species and number employed in the production and testing of biologics, is
      reviewed. The impact of the embargoes imposed by the resource countries is
      discussed, as well as the alternatives to the use of primates that are available
      to the pharmaceutical manufacturer. The paper concludes by considering the likely
      long-term effect of the curtailment of the supply of nonhuman primates from feral
      sources.

PMID- 6438327
TI  - Phenotypic analysis of new world primate mononuclear cell surface antigens.
AB  - We have applied a panel of monoclonal antibodies against antigens present on the
      surface of human mononuclear cells to the study of mononuclear cell surface
      antigens expressed by seven species of New World primates. Antibodies to the
      sheep erythrocyte receptor (OKT11a) to a thymocyte antigen (OKT10), to the I
      region of the major histocompatibility locus (OKIa), and to an antigen found on
      the surface of human monocytes (OKM1) cross-reacted with mononuclear cell surface
      antigens of most of the species studied. Antibodies to antigens which have been
      correlated with functional capabilities in the human system (OKT4, OKT5, OKT8,
      3A1) were much less reactive with platyrrhine mononuclear cells. These reagents
      may be quite useful in studies of primate phylogeny and immunology.

PMID- 6438328
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of appendicular skeletal maturation in the common
      marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - The thoracic appendicular skeletal development of five common marmosets was
      monitored radiographically at weekly intervals from 1 day to 94 weeks of age and
      the times of appearance and fusion of 47 ossification centers were recorded. A
      range and average age for the appearance and fusion of each ossification center
      were calculated and compared to data available for the rhesus monkey and man.

PMID- 6438329
TI  - Hepatitis research in chimpanzees: evaluations of clinical laboratory
      methodologies.

PMID- 6438330
TI  - Research management of the USSR medical primatology program.
AB  - A short historical survey and a more extensive presentation on the present
      developments of research using primates in the USSR are given.

PMID- 6438331
TI  - Comparison of research cost: man--primate animal--other animal models.
AB  - The costs of research in human subjects are compared to those in primate animals
      and in other animal models on the basis of data available from a U.S.
      institution. The cost of experimentation in a chimpanzee is 3.59% of the per diem
      cost of clinical research in man. The cost for the dog is 37.1% of that of the
      chimpanzee, and the mouse costs 2.02% of the cost of the dog.

PMID- 6438332
TI  - A comparison of craniofacial growth between two colonies of marmosets (Callithrix
      jacchus).
AB  - General and craniofacial measurements from young marmosets in a recently
      established Australian colony are presented and compared with similar data
      published for a long-established colony in the United Kingdom. Statistically
      significant differences between the colonies were those associated with large
      error variances, suggesting difficulties in locating certain landmarks rather
      than real differences in growth. Thus, direct comparison can be made between
      craniofacial growth studies conducted at these two different marmoset colonies.

PMID- 6438333
TI  - The intestinal entodiniomorph ciliates of wild lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla
      gorilla) in Gabon, West Africa.
AB  - Examination of 109 fecal samples from wild lowland gorillas revealed the presence
      of five species of entodiniomorph ciliates: Troglodytella abrassarti,
      Troglodytella gorillae, and three unclassified species. These latter three
      species were also found in the feces of a captive gorilla in Gabon and are
      considered to be intestinal parasites or commensals.

PMID- 6438334
TI  - A project with potential to spread non-A, non-B hepatitis in West Africa.

PMID- 6438335
TI  - Reproduction of wild-caught tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) under laboratory
      conditions.
AB  - The reproductive performance of tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) under
      laboratory conditions was evaluated. Fifteen of 20 male-female pairs were fertile
      and produced 30 live births during an observation period of 3.5 years. Twenty-six
      breeders (65%) and 12 offspring (40%) more than 3 years old were alive at the
      termination of the reporting period.

PMID- 6438336
TI  - Idiopathic precocious puberty in the chimpanzee: a case report.
AB  - A female chimpanzee developed premature sex skin swelling, breast budding,
      advanced bone age, and moderate estrogen effect of the vaginal cytology.
      Extensive radiographic and hormonal studies excluded all the known causes of
      precocious puberty and pseudopuberty, yielding a diagnosis of idiopathic true
      precocious puberty. To our knowledge this is the first observation of idiopathic
      true precocious puberty in a chimpanzee.

PMID- 6438337
TI  - Appropriate care for deafferented primates.

PMID- 6438338
TI  - Heterologous radioimmunoassay of monkey luteinizing hormone: a critical
      assessment.
AB  - Available reagents for the immunoassay (RIA) of luteinizing hormone (LH) in
      monkeys, including a cynomolgus (cynLH) tracer, an antiserum against human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and a rhesus standard (rhLH), were assessed using
      an in vitro bioassay and the RIA in connection with fractionation by high
      resolution isoelectrofocusing. The data presented indicate that the RIA system
      represents a significant improvement over the ovine-antiovine system. Since,
      however, the sensitivity of the RIA is some 50 times less than that of the in
      vitro bioassay, and since the rhLH standard is heavily contaminated with FSH, it
      is felt that until the advent of a homologous RIA, the in vitro bioassay is the
      method of choice.

PMID- 6438339
TI  - Lipid composition of the peripheral nerves in malnutrition: an experimental study
      in young rhesus monkeys.
AB  - An experimental model of protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) was created in young
      rhesus monkeys. Ulnar and tibial nerves from six monkeys with PCM, six
      rehabilitated and 12 control monkeys were studied for lipid composition and
      activity of myelin marker enzyme. Total lipids, myelin marker lipids and activity
      of myelin marker enzyme, 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' - phosphohydrolase were
      decreased, while esterified cholesterol and free fatty acids were increased in
      PCM as compared to controls. There was partial recovery in myelin marker lipids
      and complete restoration of other lipids on nutritional rehabilitation.

PMID- 6438340
TI  - Lateral phase separation of phospholipids as a basis for increased permeability
      of membranes towards fluorescein and other chemical species.
AB  - Using mouse spleen cells, before and after treatment with glutaraldehyde or mild
      hyperthermia, we observe a strong correlation between permeability to fluorescein
      and susceptibility to staining with N epsilon-dansyl-L-lysine (irrespective of
      the cells' ability to exclude trypan blue). We observe the same correlation using
      liposomes prepared from phosphatidylcholine and varying amounts of cholesterol.
      We have recently introduced N epsilon-dansyl-L-lysine as a fluorescent membrane
      stain, or "probe," whose uptake, we propose, is selective for phospholipid
      domains in membranes (G.M.K. Humphries & J.P. Lovejoy Biophys. J. 42:307-310,
      1983; G.M.K. Humphries & J.P. Lovejoy J. Membrane Biol. 77:115-122, 1984). The
      results presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that the presence or
      absence of phospholipid domains in membranes also modifies their permeability
      toward fluorescein, and suggests that permeability towards other chemical species
      may be similarly affected. On the basis of work using liposomes, we believe this
      to be the case for carboxyfluorescein and for glucose.

PMID- 6438341
TI  - Commentary: update of diagnostic related groups.

PMID- 6438342
TI  - Different patterns of developmental toxicity in the rat following prenatal
      administration of structurally diverse chemicals.
AB  - Differences in the profiles of developmental toxicity for four structurally
      diverse chemical compounds have been defined following prenatal exposure in the
      rat. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB), zeranol, and
      cadmium were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats daily from d 6 through
      d 18 of gestation. Dams were sacrificed at four prenatal endpoints and the
      numbers of live and dead fetuses and resorbed embryos were counted. Additional
      dams were allowed to bring their litters to term, and their offspring were
      monitored until they reached adulthood. DES induced prenatal death primarily in
      early embryonic life, and also during parturition. 4CB increased mortality from
      late in gestation up to 24 h after birth, and altered the sex ratio of survivors
      by selectively acting against males in utero. Exposure to zeranol resulted in
      embryolethality only. Cadmium was not lethal to the conceptus at any dose below
      the dose that caused maternal mortality. Only 4CB had an obvious teratogenic
      effect, causing intestinal hemorrhage. All compounds produced transient perinatal
      decreases in the weight of the offspring.

PMID- 6438343
TI  - The effects of a cocarcinogen, ferric oxide, on the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene
      in the isolated perfused lung.
AB  - An isolated perfused New Zealand rabbit lung preparation was used to investigate
      the effects of a cocarcinogen, ferric oxide (Fe2O3), on the metabolism of
      benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous potent carcinogen that has been associated
      with the increased incidence of human bronchiogenic carcinoma in occupational and
      urban settings. [14C]-BaP was administered intratracheally to an isolated
      perfused lung (IPL) preparation with and without Fe2O3 after intraperitoneal
      pretreatment of the whole animal with BaP or intratracheal pretreatment of the
      whole animal with Fe2O3 and/or BaP. BaP and its metabolites were isolated from
      serial blood samples up to 180 min after administration of [14C]BaP to the IPL.
      BaP and its metabolites were also isolated from lung tissue, washout fluid,
      macrophage, and trachea bronchi at the end of the perfusion at 180 min. Patterns
      of BaP metabolites were determined by chromatographic techniques and liquid
      scintillation counting. Fe2O3 pretreatment to the whole animal or administration
      of Fe2O3 to the IPL altered BaP metabolism by the perfused lung. Fe2O3
      pretreatment to the whole animal resulted in an increase in the total rate of
      appearance of metabolites of BaP in the blood (ng/g lung X h), while Fe2O3
      administration to the IPL resulted in a decrease in the total rate of appearance
      of BaP metabolites in the blood and inhibited the effect of pretreatment.
      Administration of Fe2O3 with BaP to the IPL with or without Fe2O3 pretreatment to
      the whole animal, or BaP administration to the IPL preceded by Fe2O3 pretreatment
      to the whole animal, enhanced dihydrodiol formation and depressed formation of
      water-soluble metabolites. Since dihydrodiol formation is considered to be the
      active pathway of BaP metabolism, these data suggest that pulmonary exposure to a
      known cocarcinogen, Fe2O3, in the presence of BaP results in increased production
      of dihydrodiols of BaP, which may be further metabolized to the ultimate
      carcinogenic form(s) of BaP. Therefore, Fe2O3 can enhance the metabolic
      activation of BaP by the lung, as well as act as a carrier for penetration and
      retention of BaP in the lung.

PMID- 6438344
TI  - A teratology study of carbaryl and malathion mixtures in rat.
AB  - Recently, much controversy has developed in relation to the use of pesticides
      alone and in mixtures. Mixtures are used as a more efficient method of pest
      control. Carbaryl and malathion are one of many combinations used today. A
      limited amount of work has been done with these two pesticides in relation to
      their teratogenic potential. This study examined the teratological parameters of
      carbaryl and malathion in combination compared to the effect of the individual
      insecticides. Formulation grade carbaryl (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg), formulation
      grade malathion (1 and 50 mg/kg), and a formulation grade mixture of
      carbaryl/malathion (1/1 and 50/50 mg/kg) were administered daily by gavage for 3
      mo prior to and throughout gestation. Dams were sacrificed on d 20 of gestation,
      and the fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations.
      Significant decreases in dam weight gain during pregnancy and a slight decrease
      in the number of implantations and number of live fetuses per dam were observed
      with the 100-mg/kg carbaryl group and were further reduced in both combination
      doses. The combination dose groups showed a significant reduction in placenta
      weight. No increases were seen in skeletal or visceral anomalies for the
      individual treatment groups; however, an increase in external hemorrhagic spots
      was observed with malathion at 50 mg/kg and the high-dosage mixture group.

PMID- 6438345
TI  - In vivo formation of nitrosocarbamates in the stomach of rats and guinea pigs.
AB  - The N-nitrosocarbamates are potent mutagens and carcinogens, and have been
      synthesized under acid conditions that prevail in the human stomach. However, it
      has never been documented that nitrosocarbamates are actually formed in vivo in
      the stomach of any mammalian species. Using 14C-labeled carbaryl and carbofuran,
      attempts were made to isolate the nitroso derivatives from the stomach contents
      of rats and guinea pigs treated orally with the carbamate and sodium nitrite.
      Only trace quantities of nitrocarbamate were recovered from the rat stomach,
      whereas 0.5 to 2.0% of the carbamate doses were isolated as the nitroso
      derivative from the contents of the guinea pig stomach. The rather low apparent
      yields resulted in part from the instability of the nitrosocarbamates and from
      absorption of the carbamate and/or nitrosocarbamate from the stomach. Higher
      rates of synthesis were indicated by incubating the carbamates with sodium
      nitrite in the presence of the stomach contents at 37 degrees C for 15 min. About
      30% nitrosation occurred with the guinea pig and about 0.5% with the rat. The
      difference was attributed to the pH of the gastric contents. For the rat, the pH
      ranged from 3 to 5; gastric contents of the guinea pig had a pH between 1 and 2.
      Since the pH of the human stomach is also in the pH 1-2 range, it is likely that
      nitrosation of carbamates in humans would be very similar to that in the guinea
      pig.

PMID- 6438346
TI  - Bioavailability in rabbits of formaldehyde from durable-press textiles.
AB  - Carbon-14-labeled formaldehyde was used per se, or was used in the synthesis of
      dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), which was incorporated into cotton or
      cotton/polyester blend fabric. Patches of the fabric containing known quantities
      of radioactive DMDHEU were applied to the backs of New Zealand White rabbits for
      periods up to 48 h. The rabbits were placed in specially constructed metabolism
      chambers designed to prevent either inhalation of volatile material emanating
      from the fabric or interference of any volatile material from the fabric with
      trapping of expired carbon dioxide. The results of the studies indicate that
      aqueous formaldehyde covered with a latex barrier is absorbed and retained in the
      layers of skin in direct contact with the formaldehyde. Approximately 65% of a
      dose of [14C] formaldehyde was recovered in skin 4 h after application. Skin
      samples from the backs of rabbits to which durable-press fabric prepared from
      radiolabeled DMDHEU had been applied were found to have 0.09-2.61% of the total
      14C contained in the cloth patches. The levels of radioactivity recovered from
      the skin varied with degree of occlusion of the cloth, presence or absence of
      perspiration, type of synthesis used for the preparation of DMDHEU, and whether
      cotton or cotton/polyester blend fabric was used. Other tissues and organs had
      only low levels of radioactivity. Injected [14C] formaldehyde was rapidly expired
      as 14CO2 (28.6% of the dose within 4 h; 37.0% within 48 h). Metabolism and
      distribution of formaldehyde was found to be dependent on route of
      administration: i.e., topical application resulted in high skin levels, whereas
      intravenous injection led to rapid pulmonary and renal excretion and retention of
      radioactivity in liver, kidney, and blood.

PMID- 6438347
TI  - Biosynthesis of gangliosides in the developing chick embryo retina.
AB  - Chick embryo retinas were cultured with [3H]glucosamine on each day between days
      6 and 12 of development. The total labeling of gangliosides decreased from day 6
      to day 12. The decrease was mostly due to the decrease in the labeling of
      disialosyllactosylceramide (GD3), which diminished to less than 2%, while the
      labeling of the disialoganglioside GD1a decreased to about 30%. Labeling of
      endogenous gangliosides by incubating retina homogenates with CMP-[3H]N
      acetylneuraminic acid, in addition to showing a decrease in the labeling of GD3,
      showed a twofold increase in the labeling of GD1a. The changes in the pattern of
      labeling correlated with the decrease of both the incorporation of [3H]thymidine
      into DNA and the activity of CMP-NeuAc:GM3 sialosyltransferase and with the
      increase of both the activities of UDP-Ga1NAc:GM3 N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and choline acetyltransferase. The results
      suggest that the shift in the pattern of labeling of gangliosides occurs in
      association with the transition from the proliferative to the nonproliferative
      state of neuronal cells. Retinas at each age cultured with [3H]glucosamine for 22
      hr maintain the radioactivity in gangliosides for at least 4 additional days in
      culture. This indicates that within this developmental interval there is not a
      period characterized by having a high turnover rate of gangliosides.

PMID- 6438348
TI  - Inhibition of the chicken retinal UDP-GaINAc:GM3, N-acetylgalactosaminyl
      transferase by blood serum and by pineal gland extracts.
AB  - The effects of the pineal gland extract and blood serum on the activity of the
      UDP-GalNAc:GM3, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM3:GalNAc-T) from chicken
      retina were studied. Both preparations have inhibitory capability on the enzyme
      activity. Two types of inhibitory capabilities were found: one is heat labile and
      decomposes UDP-GalNAc and another is heat stable. When the pineal gland extracts
      were prepared from light-exposed chickens, the inhibitory capability increased
      with respect to the extracts from dark-maintained animals; vice versa, blood
      serum from dark-maintained animals had higher heat-labile and heat-stable
      capabilities than that from light-exposed chickens. In in vitro experiments, no
      difference was found in the inhibitory capability of blood serum extracts from
      pinealectomized animals compared to control animals. In vivo labeling experiments
      with pinealectomized animals in either light or dark showed similar differences
      in the labeling of the optic tectum gangliosides as the normal animals.

PMID- 6438349
TI  - Effects of GM1 ganglioside on developing and mature serotonin and noradrenaline
      neurons lesioned by selective neurotoxins.
AB  - The effect of exogenous GM1 ganglioside on selective neurotoxin-induced lesions
      of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) neurons in both the central and
      peripheral nervous systems has been investigated in developing and adult rats and
      mice by employing neuro- and histochemical techniques. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
      (5,7-HT) was used to lesion 5-HT neurons, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) was
      used to lesion NA neurons. In most lesion models investigated the neurotoxin
      causes primarily an axonal nerve terminal damage without notably affecting the
      perikarya. There was no evidence indicating that GM1 interferes with the primary
      and direct neurodegenerative actions of 5,7-HT or 6-OH-DA on 5-HT and NA nerve
      terminals, respectively. In all lesion models GM1 had in the chronic stage a
      counteracting effect on the neurotoxin-induced nerve terminal lesion or enhanced
      regrowth. The present results are compatible with the view that GM1 has a
      regrowth-stimulating effect and/or protective actions against secondary
      retrograde degeneration following the initial nerve terminal lesion induced by
      the neurotoxin.

PMID- 6438350
TI  - Nutritional factors influencing the results of toxicology experiments in animals.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present experimental data illustrating the
      importance of a toxicopathological basis necessary for understanding the role of
      nutrition on drug toxicity. Nutritional status constitutes an important factor
      capable of modulating the results of animal experiments in toxicology. Therefore,
      it is necessary in any toxicity testing to consider the effects of nutrition on
      drug toxicity and, at the same time, the effect of drug toxicity on the
      nutritional state of animals.

PMID- 6438351
TI  - Similarities and differences in the ultrastructure of two hormone-dependent and
      one independent human breast carcinoma grown in athymic nude mice: comparison
      with the rat DMBA-induced tumor and normal secretory mammocytes.
AB  - The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER positive), ZR 75-1 (ER positive) and
      MDA-MB 231 (ER negative) form solid tumors within one week following inoculation
      into athymic nude mice. Tumor formation by MCF-7 and ZR 75-1 cells was dependent
      upon estrogen, whereas MDA-MB 231 cells formed tumors in ovariectomized mice with
      or without supplemental estrogen. Ultrastructural comparison of tumors formed by
      the three human breast carcinoma lines in athymic nude mice indicated that
      lactoperoxidase activity, milk protein and fat globule formation were virtually
      absent from all three tumors. The estrogen-dependent tumors (MCF-7, ZR 75-1),
      however, had more desmosomes, intermediate-sized microfilaments and collagen than
      the estrogen-independent tumor (MDA-MB 231). When the ultrastructure of the three
      human tumors was compared to the hormone-dependent, DMBA-induced rat mammary
      carcinoma and to the normal lactating rat mammocytes, the following observations
      were evident: a) the estrogen-dependent human tumors closely resembled the normal
      rat tissue in the distribution of desmosomes and collagen, b) the rat mammary
      carcinoma differed from both the estrogen-dependent and -independent human
      tumors, in having milk protein, milk fat globules and intense lactoperoxidase
      activity. The results indicate that these hormone-dependent and -independent
      human mammary tumors maintained in athymic nude mice differ markedly in their
      ultrastructure from the lactating rat mammocytes and the rat DMBA-induced mammary
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6438352
TI  - Urinary retention secondary to congenital bladder diverticula in infants.
AB  - Acute urinary retention in infants is uncommon. We present 2 patients in whom
      enormous bladder diverticula extended posteriorly, compressing the bladder outlet
      and causing obstruction. In 1 patient the diverticulum was solitary, periureteral
      and associated with ipsilateral ureteral reflux, while the other had bilateral
      paraureteral diverticula without reflux. Primary bladder diverticula in infants
      and children are the congenital result of localized deficient musculature
      allowing herniation of mucosa to occur at this site, even with normal voiding
      pressures. Giant bladder diverticula causing outlet obstruction in small children
      are rare and constitute one of the unusual indications for bladder
      diverticulectomy in children.

PMID- 6438353
TI  - Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Nepal. Recovery of a possible etiologic agent
      and transmission studies in marmosets.
AB  - An epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, during
      1981-1982, with approximately 7.6% of households and 1.4% of individuals
      affected. Cases occurred preponderantly in the 15- to 34-year-old age group
      (70%), with most cases (75%) occurring in males. A high mortality rate (21%)
      occurred in pregnant women admitted to the hospital. No single water source was
      implicated, but epidemic peaks occurred during monsoon rains, and multiple
      opportunities for enteric transmission existed. One of eight patient stools
      examined by immune electron microscopy revealed aggregated, antibody-coated, 27
      nm viruslike particles when convalescent serum samples were used as sources of
      antibody. Inoculation of two chimpanzees and four marmosets with a suspension of
      this stool resulted in elevated liver enzyme activity in three marmosets. Fecal
      excretion of 27-nm particles during the acute phase of disease (with temporally
      coincident antigen activity by radioimmunoassay) was observed in one marmoset,
      which also developed convalescent antibody against the particles in the original
      inoculum.

PMID- 6438354
TI  - Cytochemistry of leukaemic lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6438355
TI  - Role of toxigenic bacteria in acute infantile diarrhoea.

PMID- 6438356
TI  - Study of some immune responses in postnatally, malnourished rats.

PMID- 6438357
TI  - Assessment of nutritional status of students of Lady Health Visitor class.

PMID- 6438358
TI  - Erythema annulare centrifugum, angio-oedema in lupus vulgaris.

PMID- 6438359
TI  - Gastric analysis.

PMID- 6438360
TI  - Procedure: incision and drainage of a superficial abscess.

PMID- 6438361
TI  - Leprosy in Punjab.

PMID- 6438362
TI  - [An experimental study on metabolic rate of glucose given with fructose and
      xylitol solution in rabbits].

PMID- 6438363
TI  - [Usefulness of transcutaneously monitored oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions
      during lung lavage and the relationship with simultaneously measured arterial
      blood-gas levels].

PMID- 6438364
TI  - [Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of the effect of azthreonam on
      gonorrheal urethritis in man].
AB  - Thirty male patients with gonorrheal urethritis were treated with azthreonam at
      the urological ward of Tokyo Metropolitan Taito Hospital during the period from
      January to March, 1984, and clinically evaluated. Sixty-one strains of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae isolated from the clinical specimens including those of the patients
      were bacteriologically studied. Of the 61 strains, 9 (15%) were PPNG strains and
      the other 52 strains were non-PPNG strains. MICs of PCG to the 9 PPNG strains
      were 3.13--50 micrograms/ml and to the 52 non-PPNG strains were 0.024--3.13
      micrograms/ml. While MICs of azthreonam to the PPNG strains were 0.024--0.20
      micrograms/ml and to the non-PPNG strains were 0.0122--0.78 micrograms/ml. Those
      patients with gonorrheal urethritis were given a single 1 g intramuscular dose of
      azthreonam. The following clinical findings were obtained: The clinical efficacy
      rate of 30 cases was 100%; excellent in 16, good in 14 cases. All 2 patients with
      gonorrheal urethritis caused by PPNGs were cured with the treatment. No
      subjective side effects were found.

PMID- 6438365
TI  - [Pharmacological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141. (2) Its effect on
      preparations of neuromuscular junction, smooth muscle organs and gastro
      intestinal system].
AB  - The results for pharmacological experiments of MT-141 were as follows; Twitch
      tension of gastrocnemius muscle evoked by the stimulation of sciatic nerve was
      slightly reduced with 400 mg/kg MT-141 i.v. and upper doses. As the change was
      very small, however, it seems that MT-141 has no neuromuscular junction blocking
      action. Although MT-141 did not show any effects on most of isolated smooth
      muscle organs, only isolated tracheal muscle was somewhat relaxed with 10(-3)
      g/ml MT-141. The spontaneous motility of smooth muscle in situ was temporarily
      increased with 800 mg/kg MT-141 i.v. and upper doses. Two hundred mg/kg MT-141
      showed no effect on the value of blood sugar and functions of kidney and liver.
      Any hemolysis did not appear even in the highest dose of 200 mg/kg MT-141 used in
      this experiment. From the present results and previous report (Krebe, M. et al.,
      Jap. J. Antibiotics, in press), it seems that MT-141 is promised to be a highly
      safe and useful antibiotic agent in clinical use.

PMID- 6438366
TI  - [An approach to estimation of internal pH of bacterial spores by 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance].

PMID- 6438367
TI  - [Influence of family history, irradiation and anti-cancer drug (mitomycin C) on
      the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms in breast carcinoma patients].
AB  - The influence of family history, irradiation and anti-cancer drug (Mitomycin C)
      on the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms was analysed using the person
      year method in 1359 Japanese breast carcinoma patients. There were 111 multiple
      primary neoplasms, including bilateral breast cancer, in 109 patients; the
      incidence rate was 0.0072 per person-year. The incidence rate in patients with a
      family history of cancer was 1.29 times higher than in those without. In the
      bilateral breast cancer group there was about a 3 times higher frequency of
      family history of breast cancer. Irradiation therapy raised the occurrence of
      multiple primary neoplasms 1.28 fold, and Mitomycin C (40 mg) had no effect on
      the occurrence of neoplasms during a 10-year observation period.

PMID- 6438368
TI  - [Case of macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom associated with prostatic cancer].

PMID- 6438369
TI  - [A case of IgA2m(2)-K type multiple myeloma consists double precipitin lines].

PMID- 6438370
TI  - [An approach of infectious disease. Opportunistic infection].

PMID- 6438371
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of eruptive cellular nevi, with special reference to
      spherical melanosomes].

PMID- 6438372
TI  - [Mutagenicity of organic rubber additives].
AB  - The DNA-damaging activities of organic rubber additives such as rubber
      vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators and rubber anti-oxidants were
      investigated by the rec-assay using spores of Bacillus subtilis strains H 17 and
      M 45. For metabolic activation, 9,000 X g supernatant solutions of the liver
      homogenate of Sprague-Dawley male rats previously treated with aroclor 1,254 were
      used. Spore rec-assays were carried out at the dose of 1 mg/disk, and the ratio
      of inhibition zones for M 45 to that for H 17 was calculated. Samples showing a
      ratio of more than 1.2 were judged positive. In order to know the DNA-damaging
      capacity of positive samples, the dose-response curves were prepared by carrying
      out the assays at various doses, and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for H
      17 and M 45 was obtained from these curves by extrapolation. Then indices of DNA
      damagenicity were calculated through division of the MIC obtained with H 17 by
      that with M 45. The 0.005 micrograms/disk of mitomycin C and at 4 micrograms/disk
      of Trp-P1 were used as positive control, and the 50 micrograms/disk of kanamycin
      as negative control. The results obtained are as follows: Among 20 tested
      samples, p-quinone dioxime, bis-morpholine disulfide used as rubber vulcanizing
      agents and hexamethylenetetramine, zinc butylxanthate used as vulcanization
      accelerators gave positive results. It was considered that the action of
      hexamethylenetetramine against DNA was due to the electrophilic state of this
      material. Furthermore, we supposed that DNA-damaging activity of p-quinone
      dioxime was concerned with free hydroxyl groups of this compound.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438373
TI  - [Processing of visual information in the striate and prestriate cortices].

PMID- 6438374
TI  - [Study of nursing care associated with intravenous hyperalimentation].

PMID- 6438375
TI  - Analysis of three compartments of extracellular fluid in dog.
AB  - The distribution kinetics of an extracellular volume tracer 51Cr-EDTA was
      analysed from the results of continuous monitoring of plasma radioactivity. 51Cr
      EDTA was injected intravenously into spleno-nephrectomized dogs by a single
      injection, and the radioactivity of circulating blood and physiological
      parameters were continuously monitored for 150 min. The dilution curve of
      radioactivity was resolved into 4 components, and expressed as c(t) = Ae-alpha t
      + Be-beta t + Ce-gamma t + D. The half-times of each term were 0.51, 2.41, and
      19.26 min, respectively. Based on this result, 51Cr-EDTA space was divided into 3
      compartments--plasma volume (V0), rapidly diffusing interstitial fluid (V1), and
      slowly diffusing interstitial fluid (V2). To explain the distribution of the
      tracer among these fluid spaces, two possible models were proposed. In the
      "tandem model" the volume of each compartment was calculated as 59.2, 121.7, and
      101.7 ml/kg of body weight, respectively, and the mobility index of the tracer
      from V0 to V1 was 5.1 times as great as that from V1 to V2. In the "parallel
      model" the volumes were 59.2, 72.3, and 151.1 ml/kg of body weight and the
      mobility index of the tracer from V0 to V1 was 3.3 times as great as that from V0
      to V2. The characteristics of each model were discussed in relation to the
      properties of the interstitial space.

PMID- 6438376
TI  - Species difference in mechanisms of D-xylose absorption by the small intestine.
AB  - Comparisons were made for the ability of D-xylose to evoke changes in the
      transepithelial potential difference upon its addition to the mucosal solution
      between guinea pig and rat small intestines. Also, Na+-dependence of D-xylose
      influx from the mucosal solution into epithelial cells, and the phlorizin
      sensitivity of the influx, were compared between these animals. In guinea pig
      intestine, the sugar caused an immediate and sustained increase in the transmural
      potential difference, and this potential increment was completely abolished by
      phlorizin. In contrast, the sugar did not cause any electrical changes in the rat
      small intestine. The influx of D-xylose across the mucosal border was Na+
      dependent and phlorizin-sensitive in guinea pigs, while it was Na+-independent
      and phlorizin-insensitive in rats. The results indicate that there is a
      qualitative difference in the mode of transport of D-xylose between guinea pigs
      and rats.

PMID- 6438377
TI  - Properties of monoamine oxidase in monkey heart.
AB  - The activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in a homogenate and the mitochondrial
      fraction of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) heart were measured with labelled
      benzylamine, serotonin (5-HT), tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) as
      substrates. The effects of clorgyline, deprenyl and semicarbazide on MAO were
      also investigated. Benzylamine deamination was more sensitive to deprenyl than to
      clorgyline, although it was not completely inhibited by a high concentration of
      either, and the remaining activity was completely inhibited by pretreatment with
      semicarbazide. The activities of 5-HT and tyramine were both more sensitive to
      clorgyline than to deprenyl, and both inhibitors gave single-sigmoidal inhibition
      curves. Experiments with increasing concentrations of PEA as substrate and
      clorgyline and deprenyl as inhibitors indicated that at higher concentrations,
      PEA was a substrate for MAO-A as well as MAO-B in monkey heart. These results
      suggest that monkey heart mitochondria contain not only MAO-A and MAO-B, but also
      clorgyline resistant amine oxidase (CRAO). The ratio of MAO-A, MAO-B and CRAO was
      determined from plots of inhibitions with each substrate. The kinetic constants
      of MAO in monkey heart were compared with those of MAO in hearts of other
      animals. The enzymic properties of MAO in monkey heart were discussed on the
      basis of these results.

PMID- 6438378
TI  - Contribution of cardiopulmonary nerves and blood PaCO2 to the coronary flow in a
      dog heart-lung preparation.

PMID- 6438379
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidative cleavage of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5
      fluorouracil to 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidative cleavage of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5
      fluorouracil (FT) was investigated in a reconstituted system containing purified
      phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450(1)) or 3-methylcholanthrene
      inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-448(1)). FT was converted into 5-fluorouracil (5
      FU) in the reconstituted system, and its rate was 71 pmol 5-FU formed/min/nmol P
      4501 and 45 pmol 5-FU/min/nmol P-448(1). Cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase and NADPH were required for 5-FU production. Inhibitors of cytochrome P
      450 such as carbon monoxide and metyrapone markedly decreased the rate. FT was
      found to interact with the purified cytochrome P-450, causing a reverse type I
      spectral change. From these observations, we concluded that the hepatic
      microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase system participates
      in the oxidative cleavage of FT.

PMID- 6438380
TI  - Pharmacological properties of a new anti-inflammatory compound, alpha-(3,5-di
      tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-gamma-butyrolacto ne (KME-4), and its inhibitory
      effects on prostaglandin synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase.
AB  - The pharmacological effects of a new anti-inflammatory compound, alpha-(3,5-di
      tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-gamma-butyrolactone (KME-4), and its inhibitory
      effects on arachidonate prostaglandin synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase activities
      were examined. KME-4 showed anti-inflammatory activity. It was less active than
      indomethacin, but more active than naproxen and ibuprofen in carrageenin-induced
      paw edema in rats; and it was less active than indomethacin, equipotent as
      naproxen, but more active than ibuprofen in granuloma formation in rats. The
      ulcerogenic activity of KME-4 was weaker than indomethacin and naproxen, but
      stronger than ibuprofen in starved rats. The ratio of UD50 stomach to ED30
      carrageenin edema or to ED25 granuloma for KME-4 showed higher values than those
      of the reference drugs. KME-4 showed antipyretic activity in yeast-induced fever
      in rats. It also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and
      protected rabbits from arachidonic acid-induced death. Furthermore, KME-4 was
      found to be equipotent in inhibiting both prostaglandin synthetase and 5
      lipoxygenase activities of rat basophilic leukemia cells, unlike indomethacin,
      naproxen and ibuprofen. It also inhibited the prostaglandin synthetase activity
      of bovine seminal vesicle. The present findings indicate that KME-4 may be a new
      type of anti-inflammatory drug with dual prostaglandin synthetase and 5
      lipoxygenase inhibition.

PMID- 6438381
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following open heart surgery and
      great vessel surgery. The result of early administration of gabexate mesilate
      (FOY)].

PMID- 6438382
TI  - [Chemotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. 3. Single-agent therapy with FT-207 or
      vinblastine].

PMID- 6438383
TI  - [Studies on the origin and clinical significance of smear-positive and culture
      negative tubercle bacilli].

PMID- 6438384
TI  - [Changes in surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in recent 6 years. A
      comparative study between preoperative culture positive and negative cases].

PMID- 6438385
TI  - [A growth hormone releasing factor isolated, analysed, synthesized and already
      clinically tested in pediatrics].

PMID- 6438386
TI  - [Experimental diabetes mellitus. A. Clinico-morphological examination of the
      crystalline lens of rats after transplantation of isolated islands of
      Langerhans].

PMID- 6438387
TI  - [Hurler's disease with coexisting glaucoma].

PMID- 6438388
TI  - [3 cases of Goldenhar syndrome].

PMID- 6438390
TI  - [Problems in hospital infection control in Korea].

PMID- 6438389
TI  - Endotoxemia in intensive care patients: a longitudinal study with the limulus
      amebocyte lysate test.
AB  - In patients with severe underlying disease and in polytraumatized patients,
      clinical signs of septicemia caused by infections with gram-negative bacteria are
      observed postoperatively with increasing frequency. Using a photometric LAL test,
      a longitudinal assessment of LAL reactivity on 41 intensive care patients was
      performed. Postoperatively, all patients developed a septicemia of different
      severity with body temperatures greater than 38.5 degrees C. Dividing the
      individual disease course, related to body temperatures, into three phases (A-C)
      it was found that independent of the severity of septicemia, the majority of
      patients (38/41) yielded a positive LAL reactivity. In phase B (body temperature
      greater than 38.5 degrees C) more plasma samples contained LAL-reactive material
      than in phase A and C (body temperature less than 38.5 degrees C). A decline of
      fever (phase B to C) correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) with the change
      from positive to negative LAL reactivity. In patients with high leukocyte counts
      (15-50 X 10(9)/l) a positive LAL reactivity was found more frequently. The
      majority of patients (21/27) who survived were transferred with negative LAL
      reactivity to the general wards. The results suggest that single determinations
      of LAL reactivity are of limited clinical validity. Using the individual profile
      of LAL reactivity gained through a longitudinal assessment, data upon the
      development of the disease course can be obtained.

PMID- 6438391
TI  - A carbamylphosphate synthetase deficiency with no detectable immunoreactive
      enzyme and no translatable mRNA.
AB  - A lethal carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS: EC 6.3.4.16) deficiency (McKusick
      23730) was found in a newborn girl; who presented on the second day of life with
      acute hyperammonaemia, hypotonia, seizures and who died in a coma 6 days after
      birth. The activity of the mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes, CPS and ornithine
      transcarbamylase (OTC: EC 2.1.3.3) were measured on a needle biopsy sample taken
      from liver and showed that CPS was 1.4% of the normal mean (0.09 nmol/min/mg
      protein) whereas OTC activity was normal (110 nmol/min/mg protein). Immunological
      analysis of the liver sample showed no detectable immunoreactive CPS and
      confirmed the presence of normal levels of OTC. RNA was extracted from postmortem
      liver and in vitro translation experiments showed that there was no translatable
      CPS mRNA and confirmed that no CPS protein was synthesized in this child. The
      absence of translatable mRNA is explicable in terms of a genetic defect which
      results in a failure to synthesize mRNA for CPS, or synthesis of a defective form
      of mRNA which is not translated.

PMID- 6438392
TI  - Dolichol metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with "neuronal"
      ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease).
AB  - Dolichol metabolism was investigated in skin fibroblast cultures from normal
      individuals and patients with Batten's disease. Incorporation of
      [3H]mevalonolactone and [14C]acetate into the dolichol fraction of total lipid
      extracts was similar in cells from normal individuals and patients with Batten's
      disease. [14C]Acetate incorporation into dolichol in non-saponifiable lipid
      extracts was compared with incorporation into dolichol in total lipid extracts,
      and no difference in the proportion of dolichol esterified to fatty acids was
      found in Batten's cells as compared to normal cells. The rate of loss of
      radioactivity from the dolichol pool after prelabelling with [14C]acetate was
      also similar in cells from Batten's and normal individuals. Thus, in the
      fibroblast system used, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that
      Batten's disease is due to a defect in dolichol metabolism.

PMID- 6438393
TI  - Metabolism of collagen in aspartylglycosaminuria: urinary excretion of
      hydroxyproline.
AB  - Aspartylglycosaminuria (AGU) is a lysosomal storage disorder of glycoprotein
      degradation characterized by severe mental retardation and connective tissue
      alterations. We have previously described low collagen production in skin
      fibroblast cultures from AGU patients. In the present work we showed that the
      urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (total, non-dialysable and free
      hydroxyproline as indicators of collagen metabolism) was reduced in young AGU
      patients in comparison with age-matched controls. In adult patients no
      significant difference was detected. The results support the view that reduced
      collagen production is associated with the connective tissue abnormalities in
      this disorder.

PMID- 6438394
TI  - Allergy to desferrioxamine.

PMID- 6438395
TI  - Glutaric aciduria type I presenting with hypoglycaemia.
AB  - We present a child with glutaryl CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (type I glutaric
      aciduria) who presented with bilateral subdural hydromas, and progressive
      choreoathetosis and dysarthria. The diagnosis was made when she was investigated
      for hypoglycaemia at the age of 3.5 years. Temporary adrenocortical insufficiency
      was also noted. Three years after diagnosis the adrenal insufficiency and
      hypoglycaemia have resolved and treatment with riboflavin and 'lioresal', a GABA
      analogue, has prevented any further neurological deterioration.

PMID- 6438396
TI  - Biotinidase deficiency: clinical course and biochemical findings.

PMID- 6438397
TI  - Immunochemical study of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

PMID- 6438398
TI  - A mild case of dihydropteridine reductase deficiency with residual activity in
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 6438399
TI  - Biochemical evidence of carnitine effect on propionate elimination.

PMID- 6438400
TI  - Pyroglutamic aciduria in propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency.

PMID- 6438401
TI  - Effects of short and medium chain length fatty acids on pyruvate oxidation by
      cultured human fibroblasts and rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 6438402
TI  - GM1-Gangliosidosis: a molecular abnormality of acid beta-galactosidase in
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6438403
TI  - Infantile type 2 sialidosis in a Pakistani family--a clinical and biochemical
      study.
AB  - Two siblings of consanguineous parents presented in infancy with failure to
      thrive, mild coarsening of facies, visceromegaly and corneal opacities. One
      showed reduced hepatic beta-galactosidase activity suggesting a GM1
      gangliosidosis variant. Both patients developed progressive coarsening of facies,
      slow neurological deterioration, macular cherry-red spots and punctate cataracts
      over the first decade. Urine screening with thin layer chromatography revealed
      abnormal excretion of two slow-moving oligosaccharide bands and leukocyte and
      fibroblast neuraminidase activity was grossly reduced. The mother, phenotypically
      normal, showed levels of neuraminidase compatible with heterozygosity. These
      patients have primary neuraminidase deficiency. The clinical and biochemical
      variables are reviewed.

PMID- 6438404
TI  - Human placental steroid sulphatase--purification and monospecific antibody
      production in rabbits.
AB  - Human steroid sulphatase was purified 43-fold from placental microsomes using a
      four step procedure: solubilization with Miranol H2M, Bio-Gel A 1.5 m
      chromatography, column chromatofocusing and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The
      purified enzyme that appeared electrophoretically homogeneous was used to
      immunize rabbits. Protein blotting demonstrated that the resulting antiserum
      mainly reacted with a polypeptide of 63 000 dalton, which is about the size of
      placental steroid sulphatase. The antiserum was freed from minor impurities by
      absorbing it to Sepharose 4B with immobilized antigens prepared from a steroid
      sulphatase deficient placenta.

PMID- 6438405
TI  - Computers in paediatrics. 11. Microcomputer programmes for total parenteral
      nutrition in paediatric practice.

PMID- 6438406
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in paediatric practice.

PMID- 6438407
TI  - A hypothesis on the role of pressure in the origin of life.
AB  - The necessity for long time spans in models on the origin of life leads to a
      major difficulty in that under the environmental conditions existing today
      biological macromolecules are inherently unstable. The present hypothesis
      suggests that life arose under a set of environmental conditions whereby
      polymerization was thermodynamically favored. In particular, increased pressure
      when coupled with low water activity and high temperature should stabilize
      polymer bond formation. Three implications of this pressure stabilization theory
      are presented: (1) The necessary conditions for stabilization are similar to some
      of the ecological niches occupied by representatives of the archaebacteria. It is
      suggested that the harsh and unusual habitats of the archaebacteria reflect in
      part prebiotic environmental conditions. (2) Biological optical activity would be
      generated if, for instance, L-L peptide bonds were stabilized to a greater degree
      than L-D peptide bonds. This type of selective stabilization would provide for
      the maintenance of molecular asymmetry as well as the creation of molecular
      asymmetry. (3) Conditions necessary for generating the requisite pressure may
      concurrently have provided protection from prebiotic ultraviolet radiation.

PMID- 6438408
TI  - [Modern diagnosis and prognosis in isoimmunization in the Rh system].
AB  - A total of 118 Rh isoimmunized pregnant women were discovered from 1972 to 1981.
      In diagnosing the disorder, the author draws attention to the examination of
      bilirubin in the amnionic fluid as the most reliable indicator, to which the
      dosing of measurable antibodies and echography are, in his opinion, a precious
      contribution. The administration of corticosteroids, antihistaminics, capillary
      protectors, and sedatives proved unreliable. A premature delivery was induced in
      79 cases, after the assessment of the fetus maturity. The pregnancy was
      terminated vaginally in 60 and by cesarean section in 19 cases. Twenty-two near
      term children ere delivered without major problems. Failure was recorded in 31
      (26.3%) cases: 17 deaths in the uterus and 14 deaths of newborns immediately
      after birth. Out of 87 surviving children, 36 received exsanguinotransfusion 1-4
      times.

PMID- 6438409
TI  - [A study of patient classification in Tokai University Hospital].

PMID- 6438410
TI  - Factor VIII and neoplastic endothelium.

PMID- 6438411
TI  - Mg2+ mitigates Ca2+-dependent cell killing by ionophore A23187.
AB  - The Ca2+, Mg2+ ionophore A23187 kills cultured cells in a manner which is
      dependent upon millimolar concentrations of Ca2+ (Schanne et al., 1979). The
      killing is thought to be caused by an increase in the cellular Ca2+ content
      following exposure of cells to the ionophore. We have found that the Ca2+
      dependent killing of Balb/c 3T3 cells by ionophore A23187 is reversed by raising,
      and potentiated by lowering, the extracellular Mg2+ concentration. Ionophore
      treatment (5 micrograms/ml) causes a decrease in Ca2+ content within minutes,
      possibly by raising the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ and thus
      stimulating its efflux. The response of Ca2+ content to ionophore concentration
      is biphasic, with low doses causing a decrease and high doses an increase. The
      sparing effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+-dependent killing of cells by the ionophore
      suggests that the ionophore kills cells by increasing the cytoplasmic
      concentration of free Ca2+, thereby creating a competition between Ca2+ and Mg2+
      for certain Mg2+-requiring reactions needed for cell survival.

PMID- 6438412
TI  - The effect of including secondary diagnoses on the description of the diagnostic
      content of family practice.

PMID- 6438413
TI  - [Serum levels, dose and response in prolonged treatment with theophylline].

PMID- 6438414
TI  - [Toxic myopathy caused by lithium carbonate: apropos of a case].

PMID- 6438415
TI  - Use of the argon and carbon dioxide lasers for treatment of superficial venous
      varicosities of the lower extremity.
AB  - Superficial telangiectasia of the lower extremity in 38 patients was treated with
      both argon and CO2 lasers. Results after five months revealed no change or
      worsening of the veins in 49% of the patients and good to excellent improvement
      or segmentation in 16% of the patients. The most common complication was brown
      hemosiderin bruising in almost half of the patients.

PMID- 6438416
TI  - Influence of Nd:YAG laser power density and coaxial CO2 on the gastric wall.
AB  - A detailed understanding is required of the effect of Nd:YAG power density and
      coaxial CO2 on tissue necrosis in both the acute and healing situation. Lesions
      were produced by varying peak powers at eight increments of 10 W from 40-110
      W/sec for a time duration of 1 sec with and without coaxial CO2 on the rabbit (n
      = 16) stomach. Surface areas and careful histological examinations were performed
      at 2 hr and 4 days. In further experiments, a total incident energy of 60 or 120
      J with varying peak powers from 30-120 W/sec were applied at a 1-cm distance. The
      lesion surface area at 1 cm was 21.7 mm2 compared to 12 mm2 when the fiber tip
      was held 2 cm away (p less than 0.05). Coaxial CO2 at 1 cm reduced the surface
      area to 10 mm2 (p less than 0.001). There was a positive correlation between
      surface areas and the incidental power (r = 0.86, p less than 0.01). There was no
      significant difference in the mean surface area of lesions at 2 hr compared to
      those at 4 days, nor was there a correlation between the increasing peak powers
      with the constant incident energy. Histological features were those of
      coagulative necrosis (81%) with minimal ulceration (1.6%) at 2 hr with ulceration
      increasing to 22% at 4 days. These results have helped in planning a safe and
      effective Nd:YAG photocoagulation study in patients in order to obtain maximum
      hemostasis with minimal tissue injury.

PMID- 6438417
TI  - Primary fluorescence of rat muscle after CO2 laser thermal injury.
AB  - Observations are reported indicating that CO2 laser radiation induces the
      appearance of strong primary fluorescence in the tissues surrounding the
      incidence zone of the beam. The characteristics of this emission were studied by
      means of cytofluorometric techniques on rat muscles and compared with the
      fluorescence obtained by a heating procedure or by storage of tissue slices.
      Laser-induced primary fluorescence was found to be related to the thermal effect
      of CO2 laser radiation. Moreover, evidence is provided that the processes
      occurring during heating and those occurring during tissue decomposition most
      probably produce the same fluorescent products, albeit with different rates. From
      the results obtained, it is suggested that primary fluorescence can be used as a
      marker of the damage suffered by the irradiated tissues.

PMID- 6438418
TI  - Preliminary results of argon and carbon dioxide laser treatment of keloid scars.
AB  - Argon and CO2 lasers have been used to treat 13 patients with well-established
      keloid scars of the trunk or earlobe. Multiple-bore-hole argon technique and
      total excision with the CO2 laser were attempted. One patient with an earlobe
      keloid responded to treatment, all other patients had no improvement.

PMID- 6438419
TI  - [Comparison of enteral resorption rates of free amino acids and oligopeptides].
AB  - During the last fifteen years it was demonstrated, that in addition to the amino
      acid transport system of human small intestine which is known since longer time,
      there is as well a transport system for peptides. Actually transport of complete
      di- or tripeptides through the brushborder membrane may possibly play a major
      role in intestinal protein assimilation of man and may have some kinetic
      advantages in regard to amino acid resorption in healthy persons and patients
      with gastroenterological diseases. In studies on single peptides, protein
      hydrolysates and mixtures of crystalline dipeptides it could be shown, that
      resorption rates of amino acids separated from small peptides are greater and
      more constant than resorption of the amino acids in free form. The explanation
      for this may be, that the peptide carrier system apparently has a bigger
      transport capacity than the amino acid transport system. This is well decreasing
      competition between substrates to a minimum.

PMID- 6438420
TI  - [Modern technics of tube feeding].
AB  - A prospective study was done in 101 patients and clinical usefulness of a fine
      needle-catheter-jejunostomy was investigated; this procedure was modified
      according to the procedure devised by Delany (2). The instruments used were two
      split canules and a polyurethane catheter (inner diameter 2.1 mm); these
      instruments are simple, safe and can be applied quickly. Formation of fistulae,
      peritonitis, ileus or deaths caused by the procedure could not be observed. The
      catheter needs to have certain mechanical qualities as e.g. sufficient rigidity.
      Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an alternative to corresponding surgery
      procedure. The stomach is punctured under sight and a Foley catheter is applied
      immediately. We performed this procedure without major complications in seven
      cases, and found it to be very useful. The techniques described here are
      essentially important if the advantages of the enteral as compared to the
      parenteral nutrition are to be made use of. As soon as the problems of diarrhea
      and belching are solved, tube feeding will offer in the near future a real
      alternative to parenteral nutrition, especially in patients who need long time
      artificial nutrition.

PMID- 6438421
TI  - [Enteral feeding--an alternative to parenteral feeding in the treatment of Crohn
      disease?].
AB  - Efficiency of parenteral nutrition and tube feeding were compared in two groups
      of 25 patients each who suffered from active Crohn's disease. Indication for
      treatment in these patient groups was an acute phase of the disease with an
      activity index of higher than 150 and/or body weight below 80% of optimum weight.
      During the trial no other therapy was given. Target parameters were the Crohn
      index, body weight, serum albium, hemoglobin, and in a part of the patients the
      creatinine index. In both groups signs and symptoms of activity were reduced
      significantly and nutritional status was improved; however, there were now
      significant differences between groups. From these results the conclusion can be
      drawn, that enteral nutrition is essentially equally effective as parenteral
      nutrition in treatment of the acute phase of Crohn's disease. For this reason
      only patients where there is an absolute contraindication against tube feeding
      should be supplied with parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6438422
TI  - [Metabolic consequences of parenteral nutrition in tumor patients].
AB  - Between 30 and 60% of all carcinoma patients are already in deficient nutritional
      status at the time when diagnosis of the disease is established. The pathogenesis
      of this deficit is multifactorial. Increased caloric needs as caused by the
      malignoma as well as loss of adaptability of the tumor patient to reduced
      nutritional intake may be decisive factors. Effective parenteral nutrition is
      possible before, but only rarely during oncological therapy. Prospective studies
      have shown up to now only in tumor surgery but not in patients treated only with
      chemotherapy or with radiation therapy of malignoma that adjuvant parenteral
      nutrition may improve the results of treatment as determined by prolongation of
      life. The role of parenteral nutrition as an adjuvant therapeutic step in
      oncology has to be defined more clearly in the future, as is the case with most
      other adjuvant therapeutic measures.

PMID- 6438423
TI  - [Partial parenteral nutrition in severe virus hepatitis].
AB  - Patients with severe virus hepatitis and a prothrombin concentration below 25%
      have a bad prognosis. This is due to direct consequences of hepatic failure and
      to the rather frequent complications of this disease. The clinical course of such
      patients is essentially dependent upon the degree of liver regeneration, which
      again is dependent upon the mass of hepatocytes which are able to regenerate and
      upon the so called hepatotrophic factors. Patients with severe hepatitis suffer
      during the first weeks rather frequently from nausea and loss of appetite and for
      that reason their nutrition is insufficient. In the study recorded here 9 cases
      were investigated (7 patients with hepatitis B, 2 patients with hepatitis non A
      non B). The question was asked, if partial parenteral nutrition in addition to a
      liver diet not containing meat would improve liver function. It could be shown
      that the prothrombin concentration, which could not be improved by vitamine K1
      supplements, was increased during a 7 day parenteral nutrition period from 19,3
      +/- 2,9% to 41,5 +/- 8,1% (p less than 0,05), serum albumine and cholinesterase
      activity improved as well. During the first day of treatment there was a
      significant fall of ammoniac from 115 +/- 10 mumol to 73 +/- 10 mumol/l (p less
      than 0,05), at the same time production of urea did not increase. All patients
      survived. The results show, that parenteral nutrition can improve liver function
      and decrease the catabolic status of metabolism.

PMID- 6438424
TI  - The effects of pepsin on the natural progression of autoimmunity in
      glomerulonephritis in the NZB/W F1 mouse.
AB  - The effects of pepsin on autoimmune glomerulonephritis of New Zealand Black and
      White F1 hybrid (NZB/W F1) mice were investigated. Intravenous pepsin
      significantly improved survival rate and suppressed progressive increase in
      urinary protein and histopathological changes in kidney. Increased serum levels
      of immune complexes, anti-DNA antibody and natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody
      were decreased and abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets were ameliorated by
      pepsin. Pepsin suppressed autoantibody production and enhanced antibody
      production against xenogeneic substance in these mice. The fact that pepsin
      ameliorates abnormalities in immune function may contribute to the preventive
      effects of pepsin against pathogenesis and progression of immune complex
      nephritis.

PMID- 6438425
TI  - Mode of death and post-mortem time effects on 3,3',5-triiodothyronine levels-
      relevance to elevated post-mortem T3 levels in SIDS.
AB  - Post-mortem T3 levels have been reported to be increased in victims of SIDS.
      Recent animal studies suggest, however, that elevated T3 in SIDS may be a non
      specific post-mortem phenomenon. Therefore, we studied the possible effects of
      post-mortem time on T3 levels in 10- and 20-day-old rats killed by various
      methods including: Sodium pentobarbital overdose, injection of KCl, cervical
      dislocation or asphyxia with 100% N, 95% N-5% CO2 or 100% CO2. In both age groups
      T3 remained unchanged or increased slightly when the animals were killed with Na
      Pentobarbital or KCl. Greater increases were observed when rats were killed by
      cervical dislocation or asphyxia (100% N, 95% N-5% CO2 or 100% CO2). T3 levels
      did not become elevated in asphyxiated adult rats in which the inferior vena cava
      was ligated immediately following death. By extension to the human infant, the
      results of this study support the possibility that elevated T3 levels in SIDS
      victims may result from post-mortem processes. However, these results also
      suggest that the post-mortem elevation in T3 levels may be directly related to
      the mode of death.

PMID- 6438426
TI  - Effects of metal ions and chelating agents on in vitro stability of
      glucocorticoid receptors in brain cytosol.
AB  - In vitro studies in a variety of tissues and cell types suggest that
      glucocorticoid receptor binding capacity is not static and that binding sites are
      subject to up- and down-regulatory mechanisms. The interpretation of such
      studies, however, is often complicated by factors affecting the stability of the
      receptor. This situation is particularly acute in the absence of ligand because
      of the increased lability of the unoccupied receptor. Studies reported here
      investigate effects of various metal ions and chelating agents on the stability
      of unoccupied [3H]dexamethasone binding sites in whole mouse brain cytosol.
      Variation in the ionic strength of cytosol, as created by the additions of
      various monovalent cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+), was found to be an
      important factor affecting the increased stability of the receptor in vitro.
      Additions of divalent (Mg++, Ca++, Ba++, and Mn++) and trivalent (La , Cr and Al
      ) cations to cytosol, however, were generally found to produce a dose-dependent
      decrease in the stability of the unoccupied receptor. Additions of the chelating
      agents EDTA, EGTA and 1,10-phenanthroline to cytosol, resulted in differential,
      and sometimes complex, dose-dependent effects on receptor stability. The complex
      effects of various combinations of cations and the chelator EDTA were also
      investigated.

PMID- 6438427
TI  - Selective induction of cytochrome b5 and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase by
      propylthiouracil.
AB  - Both the cytochrome b5 level and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase activity in rat
      liver microsomes were increased 2-fold by repeated i.p. administration of 1.5
      mmol/kg propylthiouracil (PTU) for 2 weeks, but neither the cytochrome P-450
      level nor NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity were affected by the
      treatment. Liver microsomes from PTU-treated rats showed a significant decrease
      in aminopyrine N-demethylation, but not in benzphetamine N-demethylation, aniline
      hydroxylation or 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation. A single administration of the
      compound had no effect on any components of the system. In vitro, drug
      hydroxylation activities were not affected by PTU up to 1.0 mM. From the above
      evidence, repeated administration of PTU selectively induced cytochrome b5 and
      NADH cytochrome b5 reductase in rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 6438428
TI  - Serum lipids and fatty acids composition of tissues in rats on total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN).
AB  - The modulating effect of energy and exogenous triglyceride supply on serum lipids
      and fatty acid composition of liver, tibialis anterior muscle, subcutaneous and
      peri-epididymal fat was assessed in rats using Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).
      Nutrients were infused continuously for 10 days through a central vein catheter.
      Four levels of fat were tested: No fat, Low fat (6% non-protein calories), Medium
      fat (30%) and High fat (60%), at 2 energy levels (270 kcal and 350 kcal/kg X
      day). An isonitrogenous supply was given to all groups as 0.9 g N/kg X day. At
      the highest level of fat intake (20.4 g/kg) at the high energy level
      triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids of serum were elevated. Biochemical
      signs of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency were observed as rising levels of
      eicosatrienoic acid and lowered concentrations of linoleic and arachidonic acid,
      mostly in the liver and the muscle in the No fat groups. EFA levels were reduced
      significantly in the No fat and Low fat groups and more pronounced at the high
      energy level. In conclusion, our study suggests that when energy intake is
      increased the EFA status becomes more critical. It seems evident that more EFA is
      required in absolute values when hypercaloric diets are given.

PMID- 6438429
TI  - The distribution of serum high density lipoprotein subfractions in non-human
      primates.
AB  - The ultracentrifugal flotation patterns in 1.2 g/ml solvent and ultracentrifugal
      gradient distribution of high density lipoproteins (HDL) from the primates-
      human, apes and monkeys--were determined, with emphasis on the gorilla species of
      apes and rhesus monkeys. Diets for non-human primates were commercial chow, which
      is low in cholesterol. Molecular weights and protein, cholesterol, phospholipid
      and triglyceride compositions of various density fractions were determined on
      human, gorilla and rhesus HDL. The HDL2/HDL3 ratio was determined from the two
      peaks observed upon flotation in high salt in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The
      HDL2 of all three species of apes--gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzees (Pan
      troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)--was always greater than HDL3, while
      that of all six species of Old World monkeys--Rhesus (Macaca mulatta), sooty
      mangabeys (Cercocebus atys), cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis), stumptails,
      (Macaca arctoides) patas (Erythrocebus patas) and African greens (Cercopithecus
      aethiops)--was less. In addition, the HDL3 concentration in five gorillas was
      about 15 mg/dl as cholesterol while the HDL2 concentration was 92 mg/dl, much
      lower and higher, respectively, than humans. HDL2 of gorillas was similar in
      density and molecular weight to that of humans. The distribution of densities in
      gorilla HDL was predominantly in HDL2, while rhesus HDL usually, but not always,
      was unimodal, having a density distribution similar in heterogeneity to human
      HDL3, but somewhat less dense (peaking at 1.109 vs. 1.129 g/ml). The molecular
      weight of rhesus HDL was about the same as human HDL3 in all three density
      subfractions and at the peak density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438430
TI  - Follow-up of an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6438431
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of successive stages of impairment of thyroid function].

PMID- 6438432
TI  - [Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Algeria].
AB  - Viral hepatitis is endemoepidemic in Algeria. Recent serologic and
      epidemiological surveys have specified the importance of A, B and non A non B
      viruses respectively and brought out some details. -- Hepatitis A is very common:
      96% of individuals have anti-HAV antibodies. Patients come into contact with the
      virus before the age of 10. No symptoms are found in 95% of cases. Icteric
      hepatitis occurs in infants. -- Hepatitis B infection includes 40 to 50% of
      icteric hepatitis in adults. Clinical and biological symptoms are similar to
      those described in the literature. The prevalence of HBs Ag carriers is within
      the range of 1,8 to 2,8%, but reach high level in Eastern and Saharian Regions of
      Algeria. It increases with age and low socio-economic status. In hospital
      environment, laboratory technicians and room servants is the most frequently
      contaminated personnel. -- Non A non B hepatitis is so far the least known in
      Algeria. In 1981, an epidemic of water-borne non A non B hepatitis was reported.

PMID- 6438433
TI  - [Evaluation of the mutagenic properties of mitomycin C by the sister chromatid
      exchange test in human blood lymphocytes in vitro].
AB  - By means of the test of sister chromatid exchanges the SCE rate induced by 6
      mitomycin C (MMC) doses was evaluated in lymphocytes of human blood collected
      from two donors and cultured in vitro for 72 hours in the presence of BrdU. A
      clear curvilinear dose-response relationship was found. The rate of changes of
      4.1 cell in control cultures, after the 0.1 micrograms/ml dose, came to the mean
      value of 68.0/cell. The findings were consistent with those of other authors. In
      addition, the consistence of the results obtained for the two donors and minimum,
      variability between the cultures for the same dose indicate the method is
      reproducible and may be used to test chemical compounds of unknown mutagenicity.

PMID- 6438434
TI  - Instability of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region locus
      indicated by different inherited chromosomal deletions.
AB  - Previously we reported a gross genetic polymorphism of the human immunoglobulin
      heavy chain locus manifest by a large internal deletion within the constant
      region gene segment. We now describe a detailed serological and molecular genetic
      study of a Tunisian family in which members appear to carry two chromosomes 14
      with different DNA deletions. The first is similar to that previously described
      encompassing three gamma subclass genes, a pseudo-epsilon gene and the alpha 1
      subclass gene; the second deletion is less complex involving only the pseudo
      epsilon gene and the alpha 1 gene.

PMID- 6438435
TI  - Effects of monoclonal anti-lymphocyte antibodies in vivo in monkeys and humans.
AB  - The safety and efficacy in vivo of three rat monoclonal anti-lymphocyte
      antibodies has been tested in cynomolgus monkeys. One IgM antibody, CAMPATH 1,
      was found to cause rapid but transient lymphopenia associated with consumption of
      complement. Two other antibodies with the same specificity, YTH 34.5 (IgG2a) and
      YTH 86.1 (IgG2c), had little effect. No acute or chronic toxic effects were
      associated with administration of any of the antibodies. CAMPATH 1 was used in a
      Phase I clinical trial for immunotherapy of two patients with terminal malignant
      lymphoid disease. It had no detectable toxic effects although it caused
      disappearance of circulating lymphocytes and consumption of complement. An
      inadequate rate of synthesis of complement components was a limitation to therapy
      in these patients with very large tumour burden, but might not be a major problem
      if antibody therapy were used at an earlier stage of the disease. CAMPATH 1 may
      also be useful as an immunosuppressive agent.

PMID- 6438436
TI  - Kinetic defects in the processing of the low density lipoprotein receptor in
      fibroblasts from WHHL rabbits and a family with familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The receptor for low density lipoprotein (LDL), the major cholesterol transport
      protein in plasma, is synthesized as a 120,000 dalton precursor that undergoes
      post-translational processing to form a mature cell surface glycoprotein with an
      apparent molecular weight of 160,000. We previously described seven mutations in
      the gene for the LDL receptor that disrupt the biosynthesis of the receptor,
      abolish its processing, or produce receptors of an abnormal size. In the current
      studies, we describe a new class of mutations that produce receptors whose
      processing is delayed, but not abolished. This class of mutations has been
      identified in a family with familial hypercholesterolemia (the O. family) and a
      strain of rabbits (WHHL rabbits) that manifests a clinical syndrome analogous to
      the human disease. The mutant receptors in the O. family and in WHHL rabbits are
      processed to the mature form at a markedly reduced rate, presumably owing to a
      delay in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Thus, the
      responsible mutations may have affected a signal for intracellular transport that
      is normally contained within the receptor molecule. In addition to their slow
      processing, the abnormal receptors bind LDL poorly. Thus, a single mutation can
      disrupt two functional domains of the LDL receptor molecule: the putative
      intracellular transport signal and the LDL binding site.

PMID- 6438437
TI  - Effects of growth hormone on the factor VIII complex in patients with growth
      hormone deficiency.
AB  - Factor VIII activity (VIII C), factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII C:Ag), factor
      VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag), Ristocetin cofactor (R:Cof), and growth hormone
      were studied in eight children with growth hormone deficiency prior to, and 60,
      120, and 180 minutes after administration of human growth hormone (Crescormone,
      Kabi), 4 U/m2. Growth hormone has been administered for 1.0 to 6.8 years but was
      stopped one week prior to this investigation. Basal levels of VIII C, VIII C:Ag,
      VIII R:Ag, and R:Cof were within the normal limits. After administration of human
      growth hormone, VIII C, VIII C:Ag, VIII R:Ag, and R:Cof showed a significant
      rise. Our study shows that growth hormone is not necessary to maintain the basal
      levels of the factor VIII complex within the normal limits. However, out data
      suggest that growth hormone has some influences on the levels of the factor VIII
      complex. The mechanisms for the rise of the factor VIII complex--whether this is
      a direct effect of growth hormone or not--are not clear at this point.

PMID- 6438438
TI  - The effects of aldose reductase inhibition on nerve sorbitol and myoinositol
      concentrations in diabetic and galactosemic rats.
AB  - The interrelationship between sorbitol excess and myoinositol deficiency in the
      peripheral nerve was examined in acutely diabetic rats. Nerve myoinositol
      concentration was also studied in galactosemic rats. Polyol pathway blockade with
      Sorbinil (Pfizer, Connecticut) prevented nerve myoinositol reduction in both
      groups of animals. This conclusion was independent of alteration in the fluid
      content of the peripheral nerve. It is likely that myoinositol loss from nerves
      is causally related to the sorbitol and galactitol accumulation.

PMID- 6438439
TI  - O beta-(N-acetyl-alpha-glucosamine-1-phosphoryl)serine in proteinase I from
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 6438440
TI  - Protein side-chain acetylations.

PMID- 6438441
TI  - Techniques in the detection and characterization of phosphoramidate-containing
      proteins.

PMID- 6438442
TI  - The N epsilon-(gamma-glutamic)lysine cross-link: method of analysis, occurrence
      in extracellular and cellular proteins.

PMID- 6438443
TI  - Formation of N epsilon-(biotinyl)lysine in biotin enzymes.

PMID- 6438444
TI  - Assay of dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) in invertebrate structural proteins.

PMID- 6438445
TI  - Bacteriophage phi 29 DNA replication in vitro: participation of the terminal
      protein and the gene 2 product in elongation.
AB  - From phi 29-infected Bacillus subtilis cells, we have isolated a protein fraction
      which promotes in vitro replication of phi 29 DNA. This fraction catalyses both
      initiation and elongation, indicating that it contains the product of gene 3 (tp:
      terminal protein) and the product of gene 2 (gp2: probably a DNA polymerase),
      since initiation requires the two products (Blanco et al. 1983; Matsumoto et al.
      1983). The fractions isolated from cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts)
      mutants of gene 2 and gene 3 were thermolabile in both the initiation and
      elongation assays. When the pre-initiated material from the ts fractions of each
      mutant was heat-inactivated and mixed no complementation, restoring the
      elongation activity, was found. These results indicate: (i) tp and gp2
      participate not only in the initiation but also in the elongation of phi 29 DNA
      replication, (ii) they probably function in tight physical association with each
      other.

PMID- 6438446
TI  - Complementation and genetic inactivation: two alternative mechanisms leading to
      prototrophy in diploid bacterial clones.
AB  - Evidence for diploidy at loci located all around the Bacillus subtilis chromosome
      previously led us to refer to the prototrophic bacterial clones produced by
      fusion of polyauxotrophic protoplasts as complementing diploid clones (Levi
      Meyrueis et al. 1980; Sanchez-Rivas 1982). In this paper, evidence is presented
      that gene inactivation may occur in such clones, as judged from the unequal
      expression of three unselected markers and their low transforming activity in
      cell lysates, an established property of inactivated genes (Bohin et al. 1982).
      The insensitivity to protease treatment of the lysates and also the low
      transforming activity observed with purified DNA may indicate that chromosome
      inactivation does not necessarily result from the mere attachment of proteins to
      DNA. Cotransfer by transformation of similarly expressed genes, initially located
      on separate chromosomes, suggests that genetic recombination has taken place,
      resulting in the reassortment of active and inactive genes on separate
      chromosomes. Several genetic structures compatible with the observations are
      presented which illustrate that prototrophy may result from such reassortment as
      well as from functional complementation.

PMID- 6438447
TI  - Emergence in Italy of a PPNG strain carrying "Asia" plasmid.

PMID- 6438448
TI  - Isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antigenically different from Kato, Karp,
      and Gilliam strains from patients.
AB  - Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains from three recent patients of Tsutsugamushi
      disease in Niigata Prefecture were isolated primarily in mice and then in L cell
      cultures. By this procedure, low virulent strains to mice, as well as high
      virulent ones, could be isolated and cultivated serially in L cell cultures,
      suggesting the usefulness of L cells for isolation of this species of rickettsia.
      Each newly isolated strain was identified as a member of R. tsutsugamushi from
      the results of cross immunological tests and morphological observation. On the
      other hand, it was recognized that one of these rickettsiae showed immunological
      properties distinguishable from the prototype strains of Kato, Karp, and Gilliam
      by the cross complement fixation test, and also had low virulence in mice.

PMID- 6438449
TI  - Plasmid profiles of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in
      Fukuoka, Japan.

PMID- 6438450
TI  - Intermediate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.

PMID- 6438451
TI  - The fruit people. Part 1.

PMID- 6438452
TI  - Liver transplants in Australia?

PMID- 6438453
TI  - Liver transplantation.

PMID- 6438454
TI  - Aurothioglucose in rheumatoid arthritis. Outcome of treatment in patients
      intolerant of sodium aurothiomalate.
AB  - Forty-three patients in whom treatment with sodium aurothiomalate was
      discontinued because of adverse reactions that either were relatively severe or
      recurred on rechallenge received treatment with aurothioglucose in oily base.
      Thirty-six of them had rheumatoid arthritis, four had psoriatic arthritis and
      three had juvenile chronic arthritis. Aurothioglucose therapy was introduced
      cautiously and increased gradually to a maintenance regimen, usually 5-20
      mg/week, administered by intramuscular injection. The clinical response was good
      in 25 patients (60%), 14 of whom continued to receive aurothioglucose therapy on
      a long-term basis. Adverse reactions to aurothioglucose developed in 17 patients
      (40%); these were generally mild, and, in all but four patients, were of the same
      type as those induced by sodium aurothiomalate therapy. Results show that
      aurothioglucose in oily base may be successfully administered in a low-dose
      regimen to selected patients who are intolerant of sodium aurothiomalate.

PMID- 6438455
TI  - [Pregnancy in a worker exposed to lead].

PMID- 6438457
TI  - The chemotherapy of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: experience of the
      Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical records of 32 patients with granulosa cell tumor of the
      ovary treated at the Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center (WCCC) between 1970 and
      1982. Eleven of these patients were treated with one or more chemotherapeutic
      regimens, yielding a total of 22 treatment trials. Objective response was
      observed in 7 of 17 evaluable treatment trials (41%). The response to
      chemotherapy could not be assessed in five treatment trials due to the
      concomitant administration of radiotherapy. We conclude that granulosa cell tumor
      of the ovary is responsive to chemotherapy. However, the optimal chemotherapeutic
      regimen for this rare neoplasm remains to be established on the basis of
      prospective clinical trials.

PMID- 6438456
TI  - Comparison of antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei with other bacterial
      immunopotentiators.
AB  - Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC9018) was demonstrated by
      intralesional (i.l.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration into tumor-bearing mice
      which were inoculated with methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth A) or
      Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed tumor (K234) cells. Its activity was
      significantly superior to the activity of two other species of lactobacilli but
      was nearly the same as that of Corynebacterium parvum or Mycobacterium bovis
      Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). I.l. or i.v. administration of LC9018 into the
      tumor bearers caused local transient swelling or hepatosplenomegaly but did not
      cause other pronounced lesions. There was no significant difference in the degree
      of hepatosplenomegaly in LC9018 and that in other immunopotentiators. In mice
      whose tumors had regressed as a result of administration of LC9018 or the other
      immunopotentiators, the phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) response of the spleen cells
      was less than that of mice whose tumors progressed, and approached the normal
      level. The PHA-P response of popliteal lymph node cells proximal to the tumor
      lesion was fairly low compared with the splenic PHA-P response and there was no
      difference between the lymphocytes from mice whose tumors had regressed or
      progressed. Adjuvant activity of LC9018 in inducing tumor immunity was
      demonstrated by administering a mixture of LC9018 and Meth A cells to mice. This
      adjuvant activity was of the same efficiency as that of C. parvum and BCG. The
      presence of the antitumor activity of LC9018 in cell wall components was deduced
      from fact that removal of its cell wall by endo-N-acetylmuramidase (M-1 enzyme)
      abolished the activity. The possible availability of LC9018 for immunotherapy of
      tumors is discussed.

PMID- 6438458
TI  - [Aplastic anemia treated by bone marrow transplantation from a nonidentical twin
      brother, with a change in the Rh phenotype of the recipient].

PMID- 6438459
TI  - Dosimetry of small fields for Therac 20 electron beams.
AB  - The Therac 20 medical linear accelerator produces electron beams of 6, 9, 13, 17,
      and 20 MeV. We measured depth dose, isodose curves, and output factors for small
      electron fields using an ionization chamber, film, and thermoluminescent
      dosimeters. Tables and graphs were generated from these measurements for accurate
      treatment planning of various blocked and open fields.

PMID- 6438460
TI  - A statistical analysis of ionometrically measured 6-MV x-ray beam parameters.
AB  - A statistical analysis has been made of ionometrically measured parameters
      related to the central-axis output, the beam symmetry, the beam flatness, and the
      depth dose for the 6-MV x-ray beam from the Therac-6 linear accelerator. The
      means and coefficients of variation of the measurements are determined on a
      monthly basis for each parameter. Mean coefficients of variation less than +/- 1%
      have been determined and are useful in establishing the optimal limits of
      acceptance of these parameters. The results of this study indicate that the long
      term stability of the radiation parameters associated with this unit can be
      maintained within acceptable limits with a consistent quality-assurance program.

PMID- 6438461
TI  - Dosimetric characterization of the 18-MV photon beam from the Siemens Mevatron 77
      linear accelerator.
AB  - A comprehensive set of dosimetric measurements has been made on the Mevatron
      77.80.67 18-MV photon beam. Percentage depth dose, dose in the buildup region,
      field size dependence of output, transmission through lead, tray attenuation, and
      isodose curves for the open and wedged fields were measured using an ionization
      chamber in water and polystyrene phantoms. These dosimetric measurements
      sufficiently characterized the beam to permit clinical use. The depth dose at 10
      cm depth for a 10 X 10 cm2 field at 100-cm source-to-skin distance (SSD) is
      80.9%, which meets design specifications. Central axis depth-dose data were
      fitted to within 0.5% by a set of polynomial equations utilizing a two
      dimensional linear regression analysis. Tissue-maximum ratios calculated from
      depth-dose data agree with measured data to within 2%. Output differences as
      large as 2.5% were measured for rectangular fields depending on which collimator
      jaws defined the long dimension of the field. The field size dependence of output
      was fit to within +/- 0.1% by a linear regression. The half-value thickness of
      the beam was measured to be 13 mm of lead.

PMID- 6438462
TI  - A simple derivation of Ngas, a correction in Awall, and other comments on the
      AAPM Task Group 21 protocol.
AB  - The new AAPM Task Group 21 dosimetry protocol is a useful document that will no
      doubt result in improved accuracy in radiotherapy beam standardization when it is
      generally understood and widely adopted. It does however, require some
      "debugging." The present paper clarifies the derivation of Ngas, points out an
      error in the Awall data, and discusses the impracticality of applying the
      gradient approach in correcting for ion chamber perturbation of dose in phantoms
      irradiated by electron beams.

PMID- 6438463
TI  - Calcium chelation and calcium-channel blockade in anesthetized acute renovascular
      hypertensive dogs.
AB  - Acute animal studies were conducted to explore the effect of calcium manipulation
      on blood pressure and in the blood pressure response to angiotensin blockade
      under conditions of renovascular hypertension in anesthetized mongrel dogs.
      Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to lower serum calcium (SCa)
      levels, while nifedipine was infused intravenously to antagonize calcium at the
      cellular level. Angiotensin blockade was accomplished by infusion of the
      competitive inhibitor of angiotensin, saralasin. Following renal artery clamping,
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased a mean of 21 +/- 3 mm Hg from 116 +/- 5 to
      137 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) in 23 studies. Lowering of SCa by 30 min of
      EDTA infusion in 9 of these animals resulted in a mean fall of -21 +/- 4 mm Hg
      from 127 +/- 7 to 105 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). A 30 min infusion of
      nifedipine solution in 5 animals did not significantly affect blood pressure. In
      9 normocalcemic hypertensive animals, saralasin reduced MAP from 138 +/- 8 to 127
      +/- 8 mm HG (p less than 0.001). In 9 animals with lowered SCa (6.9 +/- 0.2
      mg/dl) due to 30 min of EDTA infusion, the same dose of saralasin resulted in a
      greater reduction of MAP from 127 +/- 7 to 78 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.001).
      Nifedipine and saralasin used together in 5 hypertensive animals resulted in the
      reduction of MAP from 155 +/- 14 to 131 +/- 14 mm Hg (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438464
TI  - Oral phosphate-loading test for the assessment of distal urinary acidification in
      children.
AB  - Neutral phosphate infusion results in an elevated urinary minus blood PCO2
      gradient (U-B PCO2), providing that the urinary pH is close to the pK (6.8) of
      the phosphate buffer system. The present investigation was designed to evaluate
      whether an oral phosphate load could achieve similar results in children. 18
      normal children, aged 3-13 years, were studied. Following the oral phosphate
      load, the urinary phosphate concentration increased to 44.8 +/- 4.7 mmol/l (mean
      +/- SEM), and U-B PCO2 reached 68.8 +/- 7.0 mm Hg, with a urinary pH of 6.87 +/-
      0.07. With a urinary phosphate concentration above 20 mmol/l, all children
      reached a U-B PCO2 above 40 mm Hg. 4 children with primary distal renal tubular
      acidosis were also studied. All exhibited a U-B PCO2 below 20 mm Hg despite
      values of urinary phosphate concentration at or above 20 mmol/l, indicating the
      presence of a true secretory defect in distal hydrogen ion secretion. The present
      study demonstrates that an oral phosphate load is as effective as a phosphate
      infusion in elevating the urinary PCO2 and, therefore, could have a wide
      application in the pathophysiologic evaluation of renal tubular acidosis.

PMID- 6438465
TI  - [The effect of cyclofenil on atypical functional patterns of the hypothalamo
      hypophyseo-thyroid axis encountered in postmenopausal women].

PMID- 6438466
TI  - [Extrapancreatic action of glibenclamide. Reduction of the inhibitory effect of
      glucagon on hepatic pyruvate kinase].

PMID- 6438467
TI  - [Micronized glibenclamide. Preliminary findings concerning pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacotherapy].

PMID- 6438468
TI  - Genetic factors in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - It is likely that both environmental and genetic factors interact to determine a
      person's susceptibility to MS. Polygenetic influences together with environmental
      components may be operative in pathogenesis of MS.

PMID- 6438469
TI  - Measles--United States, first 39 weeks, 1984.

PMID- 6438470
TI  - Sporotrichosis among hay-mulching workers--Oklahoma, New Mexico.

PMID- 6438471
TI  - Acute convulsions associated with endrin poisoning--Pakistan.

PMID- 6438472
TI  - Human Salmonella isolates--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6438473
TI  - Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine shortage--United States.

PMID- 6438474
TI  - Toy safety--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6438475
TI  - Temporal patterns of motor-vehicle-related fatalities associated with young
      drinking drivers--United States, 1983.

PMID- 6438476
TI  - Measles--Hawaii.

PMID- 6438477
TI  - [A clinicopathological study on hematogenous recurrence of colo-rectal cancer-
      with special reference to prediction and prevention of the recurrence].
AB  - Hematogenous recurrence was investigated in 325 cases of colo-rectal cancer.
      Hematogenous recurrence was confirmed in 34 cases including 25 liver, 5 lung, 2
      bone, one brain and one skin recurrence. Most of the cases (28 cases, 82.4%)
      revealed a single or multiple hematogenous recurrences without showing additional
      other types of recurrence. Histological examination of cancer lesions indicated
      that patients with the findings consisting of moderate and/or high grade of vein
      invasion (v2-3), subserosal and extramural vein invasion with node metastasis
      showed high recurrent rate. One and two year survival rate of the patients
      treated with MF-MF' adjuvant chemotherapy was greater those the patients with F
      F' chemotherapy or those without chemotherapy. However, 3-, 4- and 5- year
      survival rate did not show significant difference among 3 therapeutic groups. The
      analysis of survival curves also indicated no significant difference among 3
      therapeutic groups. These results may suggest that hematogenous recurrence is
      derived from pre- and/or intra-operative micrometastasis or transplantation of
      cancer cells, that patients with the above mentioned histological evidence must
      be clinically treated as a high risk group for recurrence and that MF-MF'
      adjuvant chemotherapy can be effective in lowering the recurrence rate during the
      first one or two years after operation.

PMID- 6438478
TI  - [Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer
      patients].
AB  - Based on assessment of 200 malnourished cancer patients of digestive organs, a
      multiparameter index of nutritional status was defined to relating the risk of
      postoperative complications to base line nutritional status. The linear
      predictive model relating the risk of operative complication, mortality or both
      to nutritional status is given by the relation: prognostic nutritional index
      (PNI) = 10 Alb. + 0.005 Lymph. C., where Alb. is serum albumin level (g/100 ml)
      and Lymph. C. is total lymphocytes count/mm3 peripheral blood. When applied
      prospectively to 189 gastrointestinal surgical patients those who were
      malnourished and treated by TPN preoperatively, this index provided an accurate,
      quantitative estimate of operative risk. In general, resection and anastomosis of
      gastrointestinal tract can be safely practiced when the index is over 45. The
      same procedure may be dangerous between 45 and 40. In below 40, this kind of
      operation may be contraindicated. The prognostic nutritional index is useful also
      to know the prognosis of patients with terminal cancer. Despite practicing TPN to
      cancer patients with near terminal stages, if the PNI remains below 40 and total
      lymphocytes count remains below 1,000/mm3, the patients has high possibility to
      die within the next two months.

PMID- 6438479
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. An evaluation of its
      clinical response].
AB  - We studied the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the course of
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which evaluation was still conflicting. Since
      1972, in our department 32 courses of TPN were done for 27 patients with IBD.
      Definite improvement on nutritional status and clinical symptoms such as
      abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting was observed in most courses of TPN,
      especially for the patients with intestinal tuberculosis, non-specific multiple
      intestinal ulcers, and Crohn's disease. Clinical remission was obtained in 26 out
      of 32 courses of TPN (81.3%) on the short-term follow-up. But on the long-term
      follow-up ranging from 6 months to 11 years, 11 out of 20 patients (55%) were
      symptom-free without any medical treatment. Clinical relapse occurred in 6
      patients and another TPN was required. These results suggest that TPN is useful
      as an adjunctive therapy for IBD patients requiring bowel rest and nutritional
      repletion. Two patients requiring prolonged TPN are returning to work with home
      parenteral nutrition (HPN) for 2.5 and 5 years respectively. HPN is safe and
      effective for improving life of quality in the patients receiving prolonged TPN.

PMID- 6438480
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in surgical treatment of infants: recent progress and
      problems].
AB  - The frequency of TPN in surgical infants was 242/686 (37.8%) in neonates and
      260/2693 (9.7%) in older infants for the past 15 years. The frequent indications
      of TPN were intestinal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease and esophageal atresia in
      the neonatal period, and Hirschsprung's disease, pyloric stenosis and biliary
      atresia in infancy. The effectiveness of TPN was impressively indicated by better
      survival rate in the infants with massive intestinal resection received TPN. An
      amino acid solution (N1-2) was newly devised, based on the analysis of plasma
      aminograms in 36 infants received TPN with a commercial amino acid solution
      (Proteamin), and theoretical considerations. It was more useful solution for TPN
      in 12 young infants. Urinary phosphorus was a considerable parameter for the
      administration of Vitamin D in TPN. The incidence of TPN-induced hepatic
      dysfunction was significantly referred to the amount of amino acid in TPN. Closed
      infusion system with a soft bag and triple bacterial filters in the line was
      effective for the prevention of sepsis caused by central venous catheter. The
      nutritional care was important in the treatment of infants with biliary atresia,
      because generally they had some nutritional defects such as essential fatty acid
      deficiency, insufficient amino acid metabolism and zinc deficiency. The
      nutritional care in infants with advanced neuroblastoma favorably altered the
      course of the disease.

PMID- 6438481
TI  - [Local administration of anti-cancer drugs].
AB  - Anti-cancer drugs in the forms of an emulsion, a microsphere, and of conjugates
      with high molecular dextran have been developed in our laboratories, namely a fat
      emulsion of anticancer drug, MMC-microsphere, or MMC-dextran conjugates. The main
      advantages of these forms of pharmaceutical preparation are that they give
      prolongation of pharmacological actions by slow release and that they are
      applicable for topical use because of their reduced toxicities to local tissue
      yet maintaining local therapeutic potency. In this study we found that the rate
      of sustained release of drugs and antitumor effects were enhanced when used in
      such modified forms of drugs for topical injections. Results of clinical trials
      of those drugs have been promising. However, the number of trials has been
      limited so far. Further studies would be required for evaluating on of their
      clinical utilities.

PMID- 6438482
TI  - [Advances and current topics in the study of metabolism and nutrition of
      pediatric patients].
AB  - Scientific meetings on surgical metabolism and nutrition in pediatric patients
      have been held 13 times, once a year since 1971 as an evening session of the
      annual meetings of Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons. The initial meeting
      was established by several pediatric surgeons who were interested in surgical
      metabolism and nutrition, for the purpose of making progress and development in
      this particular field. At these meetings, many papers dealing with different
      problems on transfusion including total parenteral nutrition, on tube feeding
      nutrition including elemental diet, and on surgical metabolism related to
      adrenocortical response to surgical stress have been up to date presented and
      discussed. Problems on total parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients were
      picked up 3 times, and its indication, nutritional compositions including
      minerals and vitamins in addition to carbohydrates, amino acids and fat
      emulsions, managements and complications were discussed. At present, this method
      has been proved very important, necessary and safe in treating pediatric patients
      with disorders in the alimentary tract. Elemental diet is known to be more
      advantageous, namely more physiological and safer, compared with total parenteral
      nutrition. Incomplete compositions and high osmotic pressure of this nutrients
      are, however, disadvantageous to be improved in the future.

PMID- 6438483
TI  - [Progress in postoperative care and postoperative combined therapy of esophageal
      carcinoma by total parenteral nutrition (TPN)].
AB  - Intravenous hyperalimentation which consisted of 30% hypertonic glucose solution
      and 10% amino acid solution via central venous catheterization and 10% lipid
      solution via peripheral venous lines has been applied to the postoperative
      patients with esophageal cancers since 10 years ago. sixty-five percent of the
      patients who underwent surgical treatment showed abnormal signs of the glucose
      tolerance function test. Positive application of insulin for these patients was
      performed according to the algorism of continuous insulin infusion method devised
      by us. Serum glucose levels have been kept within the normal range during the
      postoperative days. Non-protein Calorie per nitrogen (Cal/N) was optimal at 190,
      and 10% of the total Calorie administered should be obtained as lipid solution.
      Postoperative changes of glucose synthase I and D, and phosphorylase a and b of
      leukocytes were analysed periodically. Chemiluminescence of leukocytes were also
      checked. Postoperative combined therapies were actively performed under the
      nutritional support of TPN. The cases of n (-), n1(+) and n2(+) were treated with
      radio-chemoimmunotherapy (4000 R, Bleomycin 80 mg, Tegaful 500-750 mg/day, PSK or
      OK-432). The cases of n3(+) and n4(+) were treated with aggressive chemotherapy
      (Adriamycin, Mitomycin and Pepleomycin). Remarkable improvement of the prognosis
      in these patients was obtained.

PMID- 6438484
TI  - [The metabolic changes and nutritional management following radical surgery of
      esophageal cancer and total gastrectomy].
AB  - The metabolic changes after major surgery such as esophagectomy and total
      gastrectomy are remarkable. Postoperative levels of plasma catecholamines and
      glucagon were significantly higher in major surgery than those in the other
      operations (distal gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, mastectomy, etc). As the
      consequence of these hormonal changes, resting metabolic expenditure (RME)
      increased up to 30-40% above the predicted basal metabolic expenditure and blood
      glucose elevated to a high level. The relationships between RME, N-balance and
      energy intake after major surgery indicated that the intake of non-protein energy
      expenditure equal to RME was necessary in order to maintain N-balance. For the
      administration of enough energy after major surgery, TPN solution composed of
      glucose 180-240g, fructose 90-100g, xylitol 30-40g and amino acids 68-91g (the
      approximate weight ratio of G, F and X is 4: 2: 1) was developed since 1975 and
      in some cases, lipid solution was added as non-protein energy source. This
      solution was infused immediately after operation and no metabolic complications
      (hyper glycemia, acidosis, etc) were observed. This nutritional therapy has
      maintained the nutritional state of postoperative patients and improved our
      operative results. There are, however, many problems in the nutritional
      managements of the patients with severe complications and after the discharge of
      hospital. In the future, special nutritional therapy for these cases should be
      progressed.

PMID- 6438485
TI  - [Nutritional management of the patients after total gastrectomy using total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN)].
AB  - In this study therapeutic effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the
      patients undergoing total gastrectomy was evaluated and following results were
      obtained. Both incidence and cure rate of anastomotic leakage after total
      gastrectomy had markedly improved, in spite of increased resection rate and
      curative operation for the patients with advanced gastric cancer by introducing
      TPN routinely to the nutritional management. It is important to maintain serum
      albumin level above 3.0 g/dl to give enough calories and protein (40-50
      kcal/kg/day). TPN using a combined carbohydrate solution such as the ratio for
      glucose, fructose, xylitol (4: 2: 1) seems to have a beneficial effect on the
      patients with surgical diabetes status. It is suggested that serum albumin is a
      most promising parameter in nutritional assessment of the preoperative period.
      But in the early postoperative period, rapid turnover protein such as prealbumin
      might be more accurate parameter. TPN during chemotherapy as an adjunct to
      surgery leads to diminished morbidity, and possibly to prolonged survival time in
      the patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

PMID- 6438486
TI  - [Nutritional management of anastomotic leakage after gastrointestinal surgery-
      with special reference to the serious cases].
AB  - Effects of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) were studied in 38 patients with
      anastomotic leakage following gastrointestinal surgery. Spontaneous closure of
      the leakage were found in 23 patients (60%), and surgical closure were needed in
      9 patients (24%). The duration required for spontaneous closure was 5 weeks on
      the average; and closure occurred readily in cases of tubular fistula. Death
      occurred in 6 patients (16%); among these, 5 were MOF cases. The following three
      points are emphasized concerning measures to increase IVH efficacy in serious
      cases such as MOF. GFX-solution is efficacious for reduced glucose tolerance.
      Administration of canrenoate potassium(Soldactone), linoleic acid and BCAA
      enriched amino-acid mixture is effective for accelerated albumin synthesis.
      Concomitant treatment by IVH and ED(elemental diet) is efficacious in cases of
      high caloric administration.

PMID- 6438487
TI  - [Nutritional management of patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy].
AB  - Nutritional management for the patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy was
      studied. Based on the experimental results, 1-1.5g/kg/day of branched chain amino
      acid (BCAA) enriched solution with 30 kcal/kg/day of glucone was given to the
      cirrhotic patients after hepatectomy for 10-14 days. Sodium and total fluid
      volume were strictly restricted. Elemental diet for liver failure (ED-H) was
      started to give within 7 days after surgery for 6-21 days. High relationships
      were observed between preoperative nutritional status such as prealbumin and
      retinol binding protein (RBP) and incidence of postoperative complications,
      suggesting that postoperative nutritional supply was very important. Changes of
      albumin, hepaplastin test and prothrombin time were rather good and the BCAA to
      aromatic amino acids molar ratio was maintained high when nutritional management
      was performed. Overall one and two year survival rates were 74% (20/27) and 36%
      (5/14), respectively. No significant difference was seen between the prognoses of
      the patients with and without liver dysfunction. Immediate postoperative
      nutritional management must be essential to get over critical stage safely and
      long-term nutritional supply may be necessary to get better prognosis.

PMID- 6438488
TI  - [Nutritional management after massive resection of the pancreas].
AB  - Eleven patients after total pancreatectomy and 68 patients after
      pancreatoduodenectomy were reviewed for evaluating the importance of nutritional
      management after massive resection of the pancreas. Nutritional supply by IVH
      resulted in maintaining and improving the hepatic function under obstructive
      jaundice in clinical and experimental studies. Administration of elemental diet
      after the operation shortened the period of IVH, and had a effect to spare the
      requirement of exogenous insulin. One of the most important problems after
      pancreatectomy with extensive dissection of the lymph nodes and the nerves around
      superior mesenteric artery was a malnutrition which appeared frequently after
      long term follow-up. The malnutrition should be treated by IVH as soon as
      possible for preventing further aggravation of digestive and absorptive function
      of the alimentary tract. Oral or nasogastric tube administration of elemental
      diet is useful for weaning the patient from IVH, and it serves to prevent
      subsequent development of malnutrition. In six totally pancreatectomized patients
      studied, postabsorptive plasma concentration of Arg., Lys., Thr., Ala., Gly.,
      Ser. and Pro. were greatly elevated compared to normal value, however these
      abnormalities were normalized by 1 to 3 mg of glucagon administration. Glucagon
      administration resulted in no significant change in daily nitrogen balance.

PMID- 6438489
TI  - [Keypoints and compositions of total parenteral nutrition for patients with low
      glucose tolerance levels].
AB  - Management of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in depressed glucose metabolism
      was investigated clinically and experimentally in view of insulin control and/or
      new component of carbohydrate solution. Fifty TPN cases out of 837 for 9 years
      were successfully performed insulin control, while 17 patients were unable to get
      sufficient calory in spite of insulin administration. Cumulative expired CO2
      after injection of radioactive carbohydrate in rats showed that each carbohydrate
      was utilized in the order of glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol and xylitol
      even in depressed glucose metabolism and that depressed carbohydrate metabolism
      was improved by adequate insulin injection. Combined use of glucose, fructose and
      xylitol at 4:2:1 (GFX) was was experimentally revealed to be superior to glucose
      alone as carbohydrate source of TPN in depressed glucose metabolism. Compared
      with conventional TPN (C-TPN), GFX-TPN showed lower blood glucose and insulin
      level in rabbits of sepsis and rats of streptozotocin diabetes. Contents of
      fructose 2,6 bisphosphate and triglyceride and activities of fructose 6 phosphate
      2 kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase in liver of these
      animals supported that GFX had favourable effects on glucose and fat utilization
      in depressed glucose Blood glucose of early postoperative patients was lower in
      GFX-TPN than in C-TPN.

PMID- 6438491
TI  - [Structure of the macronucleus chromatin of the ciliate Bursaria truncatella.
      III. Chromatin organization in resting cysts and during excysting].
AB  - Structural organization of macronuclear chromatin of a ciliate Bursaria
      truncatella was studied electronmicroscopically by means of Miller's technique
      and negative staining of resting cysts and at excysting. In resting cysts
      practically all the macronuclear chromatin was shown to be organized into compact
      chromatin clumps 100-300 nm in size. At excysting a natural decompactization of
      the chromatin clumps occurred and radial loop-shaped chromatin fibres appeared
      around the clumps. Sometimes transcription units with a relatively small contour
      length of transcribed region and with high RNA-polymerase density were observed
      on the loops. The responsibility of such genes for the synthesis of proteins
      taking part in regulation of excystment and/or subsequent cell growth and
      differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 6438490
TI  - Reversal of the growth inhibitory effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine by
      putrescine but not by other divalent cations.
AB  - Treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated
      irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), depletes the putrescine
      and spermidine content, and reduces the growth rate of Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells. The addition of putrescine, which is the immediate precursor of
      spermidine, promptly replenished the intracellular putrescine and spermidine
      pools and completely reversed the antiproliferative effect of DFMO. A sequential
      accumulation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine was observed. 1,3
      diaminopropane, a lower homolog of putrescine, did not reverse the
      antiproliferative effect of DFMO, despite its structural similarity and identical
      positive charge. By inhibiting remaining ODC activity, resistant to 5 mM DFMO,
      and possibly by inhibiting spermine synthase activity, 1,3-diaminopropane
      produced a further decrease in total polyamine content by reducing the spermine
      content. Mg2+, which can replace putrescine in many in vitro reactions,
      completely lacked the capacity to reverse the antiproliferative effect of
      putrescine and spermidine deficiency.

PMID- 6438492
TI  - [Study of trypsin-substrate and trypsin-inhibitor complexes. 1. Conformation of
      Asp-102, His-57 and Ser-195 residues in the trypsin active center].
AB  - Using the semi-empirical method of conformational analysis low energetic
      conformations were found for trypsin's catalytic triad Asp102, His57, Ser195 in
      the field of the active centre that consisted of about 800 atoms. It was shown
      that within the enzyme structure conformations which are preferential for
      isolated residues are formed. Lability obtained for the side chains is in accord
      with their functions in enzymatic catalysis. Results of the calculations carried
      out correlate with the X-ray data for trypsin complexes.

PMID- 6438493
TI  - Introns excised from immunoglobulin pre-mRNAs exist as discrete species.
AB  - We have discovered a new class of transcripts of immunoglobulin kappa genes in
      RNA from B-lineage cells. These transcripts have the properties predicted of free
      introns excised from kappa mRNA precursors. RNA extracted from populations of
      normal mouse spleen cells polyclonally activated with B-cell mitogens contains
      four such transcripts; their electrophoretic mobilities correspond to the
      distances between the intron-exon boundary of the C kappa region and the four
      useable J kappa elements, and their relative abundance reflects the relative
      usage of those J segments. Analysis of RNA from monoclonal kappa-expressing cell
      lines reveals that one active locus produces one free intron, its size determined
      by which J element is used in that locus. Apart from their distinctive size, free
      introns are identified by their lack of polyadenylic acid and their ability to
      hybridize to cloned probes containing intron sequences, but not to the adjacent V
      or C exonic sequences. They have a characteristic subcellular distribution, being
      extractable from nuclei by treatment with nonionic detergent; nuclei thus treated
      retain most of the primary mRNA precursors, but few of the free introns. A high
      level of kappa gene expression is not a prerequisite of a cell containing
      detectable free kappa introns; the lymphoma 38c has only 5% or less of the amount
      of kappa mRNA that the plasmacytoma MCP-11 contains, yet the ratio of free intron
      to mRNA precursor is about the same in both cell lines. When analyzed by
      electrophoretic separation of sufficient resolving power, the free introns due to
      a single kappa locus resolve into two discrete species. We consider that this
      most likely reflects the existence of two conformers of the intron, one
      presumably a covalently intact circle and the other linear molecule.

PMID- 6438494
TI  - Fidelity of transcription of Xenopus laevis globin genes injected into Xenopus
      laevis oocytes and unfertilized eggs.
AB  - The Xenopus laevis alpha 1- and beta 1-globin genes were injected into oocytes
      and unfertilized eggs of X. laevis. In oocytes, the injected globin genes were
      actively transcribed, but the majority of the transcripts were incorrectly
      initiated. In unfertilized eggs, the injected genes were transcribed at a low
      level but only from the correct start sites. In oocytes, the injected circular
      plasmid DNA containing the cloned globin genes persisted but did not replicate.
      In contrast, DNA injected into unfertilized eggs replicated up to 15-fold within
      a 22-h period. We suggest that the ability of the egg to selectively transcribe
      the injected X. laevis globin genes from the correct promoter sites may be
      related to differences in chromatin structure between the oocyte and the
      unfertilized egg.

PMID- 6438495
TI  - Biochemical characterization of the human T6 antigen: a comparison between T6 and
      murine TL.
AB  - The human T6 antigen was studied by two monoclonal antibodies: OKT6 and Leu-6. A
      third monoclonal antibody, C56 (developed in our laboratory), was found to have
      similar properties to those of OKT6. On SDS-PAGE, all three antibodies
      precipitated a 48,000-12,000-dalton heterodimer. Two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and chymotryptic peptide map analysis revealed that these
      antibodies precipitated in identical 48,000-dalton heavy chain which was
      distinguishable from the HLA-A,B,C heavy chains. The single 12,000-dalton light
      chain precipitated with OKT6 antibody was shown to be distinct from beta 2
      microglobulin by its pI. The two light chains precipitated with Leu-6 antibody
      were resolved by charge into beta 2-microglobulin and the more basic 12,000
      dalton peptide identical to that precipitated with OKT6. In addition to beta 2
      microglobulin, the latter component (presumably beta t) was also found in the
      light-chain fraction precipitated from the thymocytes with a monoclonal antibody
      recognizing the framework of HLA-A,B,C heavy chains. Using chymotryptic peptide
      mapping, no polymorphism was detected among the heavy chains of the T6 antigen
      isolated from thymocytes of four individuals. All three monoclonal antibodies
      failed to precipitate murine TL from ASL1 leukemia cell lysates. Similarly, none
      of the six monoclonal and two conventional anti-TL antibodies reacted with T6.
      Although a high degree of homology was found by peptide map analysis among the TL
      molecules encoded by the Tlaa, Tlad and Tlae alleles, a comparison between their
      peptide maps and that of T6 revealed no similarity. Despite previous suggestions
      that T6 is homologous to murine TL, the present biochemical studies do not
      support this hypothesis.

PMID- 6438496
TI  - Monoclonal antibody against a "Pan-T-cell" antigen expressed by thymocytes,
      peripheral T-lymphocytes and T-cell leukemias.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, LAU-A1, which selectively reacts with all cells of the T
      lineage, was derived from a fusion between spleen cells of a mouse immunized with
      paediatric thymocytes and mouse myeloma P X 63/Ag8 cells. As shown by an antibody
      binding radioimmunoassay and analysis by flow microfluorometry of cells labelled
      by indirect immunofluorescence, the LAU-A1 antibody reacted with all six T-cell
      lines but not with any of the B-cell lines or myeloid cell lines tested from a
      panel of 17 human hematopoietic cell lines. The LAU-A1 antibody was also shown to
      react with the majority of thymocytes and E-rosette-enriched peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. Among the malignant cell populations tested, the blasts from all 20
      patients with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were found to react
      with the LAU-A1 antibody, whereas blasts from 85 patients with common ALL and 63
      patients with acute myeloid leukemias were entirely negative. Examination of
      frozen tissue sections from fetal and adult thymuses stained by an indirect
      immunoperoxidase method revealed that cells expressing the LAU-A1 antigen were
      localized in both the cortex and the medulla. From the very broad reactivity
      spectrum of LAU-A1 antibody, we conclude that this antibody is directed against a
      T-cell antigen expressed throughout the T-cell differentiation lineage. SDS-PAGE
      analysis of immunoprecipitates formed by LAU-A1 antibody with detergent lysates
      of radiolabeled T-cells showed that the LAU-A1 antigen had an apparent mol. wt of
      76,000 under non-reducing conditions. Under reducing conditions a single band
      with an apparent mol. wt of 40,000 was observed. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE
      analysis confirmed that the 76,000 mol. wt component consisted of an S-S-linked
      dimeric complex. The surface membrane expression of LAU-A1 antigen on HSB-2 T
      cells was modulated when these cells were cultured in the presence of LAU-A1
      antibody. Re-expression of LAU-A1 antigen occurred within 24 hr after transfer of
      the modulated cells into antibody-free medium.

PMID- 6438497
TI  - Idiotypic manipulations: hierarchy in idiotype expression in rabbits immunized
      against Micrococcus luteus.
AB  - Idiotypic cross-reactions were analyzed among three series of anti-peptidoglycan
      antibodies of the Micrococcus luteus system. The reference idiotype Ab1 was an
      antibody fraction isolated from an isoelectric focusing preparative column. Cross
      reactive idiotypes, Ab1', were induced through the immunization chain (Ab1-Ab2
      Ab3). Idiotypic antibodies of Ab1-F1 type were obtained from offspring of female
      rabbits, actively producing Ab3 during pregnancy. Finally, Ab1 CRI were cross
      reactive idiotypes with Ab1 found in a random population of rabbits immunized
      with M. luteus. Three idiotopes could be characterized within Ab1 antibody. Ab1'
      usually expressed two of these idiotopes, but never the third specificity which
      is "private" to Ab1. Ab1-F1 shared one or two idiotopes with Ab1 and Ab1'
      antibodies. Only one common idiotope appeared to be present on Ab1 CRI. Finally,
      this idiotope, IdX, could be detected by radioimmunoassay in 20% of rabbits
      immunized with micrococcal vaccine. It appears that a recurrent idiotype of anti
      peptidoglycan antibodies can be preferentially amplified through idiotypic
      manipulations. On the other side, cascade immunizations lead to the expression on
      Ab1' and on some Ab1-F1 of a second idiotypic specificity, shared with Ab1. This
      hierarchy of idiotype expression may well be important in the regulation of
      antibody synthesis through idiotypes.

PMID- 6438498
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of natural killing by a glycopeptide isolated from the
      K562 plasma membrane.
AB  - The mechanism of lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, K cells, and natural killer
      (NK) cells is imperfectly understood at this point. In this report, material
      (glycopeptide) isolated from the plasma membranes of K562 cells and fractionated
      on lectin affinity adsorbents which has been shown to inhibit NK lysis, was used
      in several specific NK assays to ascertain what stages of the NK-lytic sequence
      is inhibited by this substance. Results indicate that this glycopeptide (a) does
      not inhibit initial binding, but dissociates conjugates following initial
      effector target interactions; (b) inhibits NK lysis beyond Ca-dependent
      programming, and (c) inhibits lysis induced by NK cell-derived soluble cytotoxic
      factors (NKCF) in a soluble factor assay. These results suggest that this
      glycopeptide can effect the lethal hit stage of NK lysis and may represent
      structures which can associate directly with NKCF.

PMID- 6438499
TI  - [Molecular interactions between Chondroitin sulfate A and various proteins
      (bovine serum albumin, collagen) on the basis of electrophoretic and foaming
      properties].

PMID- 6438500
TI  - [Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in fractions of human whole saliva].

PMID- 6438501
TI  - Induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants and SCEs by 3 chemical mutagens
      (EMS, ENU and MMC) in cultured human blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to a series of graded
      concentrations of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) or
      mitomycin C (MMC) to: (a) estimate the frequency of thioguanine-resistant (TGr)
      cells using the T-cell cloning technique, (b) examine the induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by these chemicals in the lymphocytes of the same
      blood sample used to study the TGr cells, and (c) assess the nature of
      correlations between these two biological end-points. The frequencies of TGr
      cells as well as those of SCEs increased with increasing concentration of the
      chemicals studied. For EMS and ENU, the increases were consistent with linear
      dose-effect relationships. There was a linear relationship between SCEs and
      mutation induction for all 3 chemicals; but the ratio of induced SCEs to induced
      mutants was different for the different chemicals, being highest for ENU,
      followed by EMS and MMC, in that order. The basis for these differences is
      discussed in the light of what is known about the relationships between chemical
      reactivity patterns and the resultant biological effects of these chemicals.

PMID- 6438502
TI  - Antibodies to Candida albicans in healthy, colonized, and infected persons.

PMID- 6438503
TI  - Effect of antineoplastic agents on the growth and ultrastructure of Candida
      albicans.

PMID- 6438504
TI  - Effects of intracoronary streptokinase and intracoronary nitroglycerin infusion
      on coronary angiographic patterns and mortality in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - We randomly assigned patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarction to one of four treatment groups: intracoronary streptokinase,
      intracoronary nitroglycerin, intracoronary streptokinase and intracoronary
      nitroglycerin, or conventional therapy without initial angiography. Of 124
      patients 122 sustained acute myocardial infarction. Initial angiography revealed
      total occlusion of the coronary artery responsible for infarction in 67 per cent
      (61 of 91). Acute recanalization occurred in 74 per cent (32 of 43) of patients
      receiving streptokinase but in only 6 per cent (1 of 18) of patients treated with
      nitroglycerin alone (P less than 0.01). At angiography of all four groups on Day
      10 to 14 the vessel responsible for acute myocardial infarction was patent in 77
      per cent (71 of 92) of patients; there was no difference among groups, indicating
      gradual, endogenous thrombolysis in patients not treated with streptokinase.
      Patients with subtotal obstruction initially had significant improvement in left
      ventricular function, significantly lower peak creatine kinase levels, and a
      trend toward lower mortality than patients with total occlusion initially.
      Mortality at six months in patients receiving streptokinase (21 per cent, 13 of
      62) did not differ significantly from that in patients not treated with
      streptokinase (10 per cent, 6 of 61). Additional studies will be necessary to
      assess treatment effects in the angiographic subsets identified by this trial.

PMID- 6438505
TI  - Circulating monoclonal B lymphocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Using a sensitive flow cytometric method ("kappa-lambda analysis"), we have found
      monoclonal B lymphocytes in the blood of 71 of 91 patients with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma. The presence of the B lymphocytes was independent of the histologic
      subclassification of the patient's disease. When we performed simultaneous
      analysis of the surface light-chain type in tumor tissue obtained by biopsy, the
      apparent light-chain type of the blood monoclonal cells corresponded with that of
      the tumor in 21 of 23 patients (P = 0.03). There was no correlation of the
      presence of these cells in the blood with morphologic evidence of bone-marrow
      involvement by lymphoma, but there was a strong correlation with clinical
      staging. Studies performed during prolonged clinical remission showed that
      whereas 16 of 25 patients with nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had persistence of
      monoclonal lymphocytes, none of the 14 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma
      in remission had these findings (P less than 0.005). Our analysis for B-cell
      clonal excess demonstrates the persistence of circulating monoclonal lymphocytes
      during complete remission in patients with forms of lymphoma that have a high
      probability of relapse, but we did not find these cells in patients in remission
      from categories of lymphoma in which prolonged remission is associated with cure.
      It is possible that the circulating monoclonal lymphocytes in patients with
      lymphoma are malignant cells, and their disappearance or persistence after
      remission may have prognostic importance.

PMID- 6438506
TI  - Free care, cholestyramine, and health policy.

PMID- 6438507
TI  - Production of growth hormone-releasing factor in pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 6438508
TI  - Learning to say "no".

PMID- 6438509
TI  - The "rationing" of medical care.

PMID- 6438510
TI  - The doctor's master.

PMID- 6438511
TI  - DRGs and the future of surgical practice.

PMID- 6438512
TI  - Public attitudes about health-care costs.

PMID- 6438513
TI  - Outcome of narcotic addict treatment in California.

PMID- 6438514
TI  - Psychotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of drug abuse.

PMID- 6438515
TI  - Clinical implications of drug abuse treatment outcome research.

PMID- 6438516
TI  - A treatment evaluation agenda: discussion and recommendations.

PMID- 6438517
TI  - National treatment system evaluation based on the Drug Abuse Reporting Program
      (DARP) followup research.

PMID- 6438518
TI  - Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS): client characteristics and behaviors
      before, during, and after treatment.

PMID- 6438519
TI  - Program-based evaluation research in therapeutic communities.

PMID- 6438520
TI  - Clinical trials in drug treatment: methodology.

PMID- 6438521
TI  - Regulation of heat shock protein 70 gene expression by c-myc.
AB  - The myc gene seems to have a causal role in tumour formation in man, mouse and
      avian systems. The myc gene product has been localized to the nucleus, suggesting
      that it may be involved in the regulation of gene expression. The level of
      expression of the mammalian heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene is elevated in
      several tumour cell lines, implying that a cellular function expressed in these
      tumour lines can stimulate HSP70 production. We report here that the gene product
      of a rearranged mouse c-myc gene is capable of stimulating expression of
      chimaeric genes containing a Drosophila hsp70 promoter region and 5'-flanking
      sequences. This stimulation is dependent on sequences located more than 200 bases
      5' of the normal start of hsp70 transcription.

PMID- 6438522
TI  - Who will clone a chromosome?

PMID- 6438523
TI  - Clotting factor VIII cloned.

PMID- 6438524
TI  - Mouse Ig kappa sequence elements in Drosophila.

PMID- 6438525
TI  - Characterization of the human factor VIII gene.
AB  - The complete 186,000 base-pair (bp) human factor VIII gene has been isolated and
      consists of 26 exons ranging in size from 69 to 3,106 bp and introns as large as
      32.4 kilobases (kb). Nine kb of mRNA and protein-coding DNA has been sequenced
      and the mRNA termini have been mapped. The relationship between internal
      duplications in factor VIII and evolution of the gene is discussed.

PMID- 6438526
TI  - Expression of active human factor VIII from recombinant DNA clones.
AB  - DNA clones encoding the complete 2,351 amino acid sequence for human factor VIII
      have been isolated and used to produce biologically active factor VIII in
      cultured mammalian cells. The recombinant protein corrects the clotting time of
      plasma from haemophiliacs and has many of the biochemical and immunological
      characteristics of serum-derived factor VIII.

PMID- 6438527
TI  - Structure of human factor VIII.
AB  - The deduced amino acid sequence of human factor VIII, obtained from the DNA
      sequence, predicts a mature polypeptide of 2,332 amino acids containing a
      triplicated domain structure. The polypeptide has 35% sequence homology with the
      copper-binding plasma protein, ceruloplasmin. Determination of the thrombin
      cleavage sites in plasma-derived factor VIII polypeptides allows prediction of
      the domains involved in the associated activation and inactivation of the
      protein.

PMID- 6438528
TI  - Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding human antihaemophilic factor.
AB  - A complete copy of the mRNA sequences encoding human coagulation factor VIII:C
      has been cloned and expressed. The DNA sequence predicts a single chain precursor
      of 2,351 amino acids with a relative molecular mass (Mr) 267,039. The protein has
      an obvious domain structure, contains sequence repeats and is structurally
      related to factor V and ceruloplasmin.

PMID- 6438529
TI  - A developmental gene product of Bacillus subtilis homologous to the sigma factor
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis involves sequential morphological and
      biochemical changes and is regulated by specific genes (spo genes) estimated to
      occupy more than 30 loci. A mutation in any one of these genes blocks the
      sporulation process at the corresponding developmental stage. Despite intensive
      genetic studies, the nature and function of the spo gene products remain unknown.
      Vegetative B. subtilis RNA polymerase core enzyme may interact with several sigma
      factors and discriminate among different classes of promoters. During
      sporulation, new polypeptides are associated with the core enzyme which may have
      a central role in modifying its promoter recognition specificity. As a first step
      to understanding their function in the switch from vegetative to sporulation
      mode, several early sporulation genes have been cloned and analysed. Here we
      report the cloning and nucleotide sequence of the spoIIG gene of B. subtilis.
      This gene encodes a polypeptide with a predicted relative molecular mass of
      27,652 which contains a 65-amino acid region highly homologous to an internal
      part of the Escherichia coli sigma factor.

PMID- 6438530
TI  - Drosophila development: smell taste and rhythm.

PMID- 6438531
TI  - Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages of amino acid extracts from
      Californian palaeoindian skeletons.
AB  - A decade ago, aspartic acid racemization ages were determined for some skeletal
      remains found in California, near La Jolla, Del Mar and Sunnyvale, suggesting
      that people were present in North America during the Upper Pleistocene. These
      ages were obtained from the aspartic acid racemization rate, which was calibrated
      using a radiocarbon date of 17,150 +/- 1,470 yr BP determined for a skeleton
      found in Laguna Beach, California. These studies generated an intense controversy
      not only about the antiquity of human beings in the New World but also about the
      validity of racemization-based ages, and prompted efforts to date the finds by
      other means. Here we have used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine
      the radiocarbon ages of the amino acid extracts used in the original racemization
      studies. Our studies indicate that some of the controversial Californian
      skeletons, which had been assigned to the Upper Pleistocene, are in fact
      Holocene.

PMID- 6438532
TI  - Correction of feline arylsulphatase B deficiency (mucopolysaccharidosis VI) by
      bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Feline and human mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI or Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) are
      inherited autosomal recessive deficiencies of lysosomal enzyme arylsulphatase B.
      Affected cats and children exhibit lesions caused by incompetent degradation,
      retinal atrophy and excessive urinary excretion of dermatan facial dysmorphia,
      corneal stromal opacities, leukocyte granulation, retinal atrophy and excessive
      urinary excretion of dermatan sulphate--and usually die before adulthood. Most
      attempts to treat humans affected with MPS VI or other mucopolysaccharidoses have
      been ineffective or logistically prohibitive, but allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT) offers promise for cure of certain inborn errors of
      metabolism. Engraftment of normal donor marrow may endow the enzyme-deficient
      recipient with a continuous source of enzyme-competent blood cells and tissue
      macrophages to facilitate degradation of stored substrate and to prevent genesis
      of further malformations. To test this hypothesis, we performed allogeneic BMT in
      a 2-year-old male Siamese cat with advanced MPS VI. Here we describe BMT-induced
      correction of this hereditary enzyme deficiency.

PMID- 6438533
TI  - Allelic exclusion and control of endogenous immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in
      kappa transgenic mice.
AB  - Hybridomas were produced from spleen cells of kappa transgenic mice to
      investigate expression of the transgenic kappa gene, its effect on allelic
      exclusion and its effect on the control of light-chain gene rearrangement and
      expression. Our results show that the transgene is expressed normally and that
      the production of a complete immunoglobulin molecule turns off light-chain gene
      rearrangement.

PMID- 6438534
TI  - Serine- and threonine-specific protein kinase activities of purified gag-mil and
      gag-raf proteins.
AB  - Retroviruses carry cell-derived oncogenes (v-onc) that have the potential to
      transform cells in culture and induce tumours in vivo. One of the few carcinoma
      inducing viruses is the acutely transforming retrovirus MH2, which carries the
      putative oncogene v-mil and the known oncogene v-myc. Recently, a high degree of
      homology was discovered between v-mil and v-raf, the transforming gene of the
      murine retrovirus 3611 murine sarcoma virus (MSV), whereas homology to v-src is
      low. Both viruses express their oncogenes as the gag-fusion polyproteins p100gag
      mil and p75gag-raf (of respective relative molecular mass (Mr) 100,000 and
      75,000), while the myc oncogene of MH2 is expressed by means of a subgenomic
      messenger RNA. We have recently demonstrated that p100gag-mil is not a nuclear
      protein. Here we report that purified p100gag-mil and p75gag-raf exhibit protein
      kinase activities in vitro which, in contrast to the src-related p130gag-fps of
      Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) and all other characterized oncogene-encoded protein
      kinases, phosphorylate serine and threonine but not tyrosine. Both types of
      protein kinases phosphorylate lipids in vitro.

PMID- 6438535
TI  - Human interleukin-2 promotes proliferation of activated B cells via surface
      receptors similar to those of activated T cells.
AB  - Human interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a glycoprotein of relative molecular mass (Mr)
      15,000, which is released by T lymphocytes on stimulation with antigen or mitogen
      and functions as a T-cell growth factor (TCGF) by inducing proliferation of
      activated T cells. It is generally accepted that resting or activated B cells do
      not respond directly to IL-2 but require for their proliferation other T-cell
      derived lymphokines usually referred to as B-cell growth factors (BCGFs).
      Recently, however, a monoclonal antibody reacting with the IL-2 receptor
      molecules expressed by activated T cells (anti-Tac) was shown to react also with
      certain B tumour cells; in addition, murine B cells proliferate in response to
      pure human IL-2. We now show that recombinant IL-2, derived from Escherichia coli
      expressing the human gene, is able to promote strong proliferation of human B
      cells activated with protein-A-rich Staphylococcus aureus Cowans strain I.
      Moreover, we demonstrate that the anti-Tac antibody also reacts with S. aureus
      activated normal B cells and inhibits sharply the proliferative response of such
      cells to IL-2. Finally, immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that anti-Tac
      defines similar molecules on activated T and B cells.

PMID- 6438536
TI  - [Is screening for scoliosis useful?].

PMID- 6438537
TI  - Effect of tissue selection on melanization of MI hamster melanoma.
AB  - Selection of the most melanized tissue of the slightly melanotic MI melanoma in
      hamster resulted in an origin of a new highly melanotic tumor line. It differed
      from the parental MI melanoma in the 5-fold higher melanin content, but its
      tyrosinase activity, growth rate and histological structure remained unchanged.
      Selection of the least melanotic tissue of the MI melanoma did not give positive
      results.

PMID- 6438538
TI  - [Epileptic seizures following brain infarcts. Etiology, clinical aspects and CT
      findings].

PMID- 6438539
TI  - Short bowel syndrome. Experiences in eight patients.

PMID- 6438540
TI  - [Symptoms accompanying epileptic attacks].
AB  - The author analysed 124 cases of grand mal seizures in patients aged above 16
      years observed for 2 to 15 years finding sporadic tongue or oral mucosa biting in
      55.7% of cases, involuntary passing of urine in 49%, simultaneous occurrence of
      both these signs in 37% defection in 8.1%, ejaculation in 1.6%, conjunctival o
      cutaneous ecchymoses in 29.8%, and significant traumas in 20.2% (72% of these
      cases were men). Assuming that these signs occurred as a rule during each attack
      these per cent proportions were as follows: 17.7%, 15.3%, 9.7%, 2.4%, 0.8%, 10.5%
      and 2.4% respectively. Most frequently these signs appeared during the first
      attacks before treatment beginning, during attacks appearing after several years
      without seizures, after arbitrary stopping of drug taking and as a result of
      irregular treatment and alcohol drinking. In 14.5% of patients during observation
      lasting from 10 to 20 years no peri-ictal signs appeared. In a group of young
      unmarried people these signs were often concealed, while they were exaggerated by
      a small group applying for disability pension or wanting to have that pension
      increased. Patients from rural areas seemed to give less attention to these
      concomitant signs.

PMID- 6438541
TI  - [Use of tryptophan in the treatment of epilepsy of the Lennox-Gastaut type].
AB  - The authors describe a positive but transient effect of additional administration
      of tryptophan in 3 children with Lennox-Gastaut epilepsy in whom anticonvulsants
      alone failed to control the attacks. Further observations are necessary,
      especially for studying the correlation of doses with blood drug level.

PMID- 6438542
TI  - [Cystic pontine glioma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease--report of a
      case].
AB  - Pontine gliomas have been considered to be out of indication for operative
      treatment. However, in case of a cystic type, evacuation of the cyst alone can
      possibly extend the survival time of the patient. Since the advent of high
      resolution CT the nature of the pontine tumor, whether cystic or solid, can be
      easily differentiated, and cystic ones subjected to operation will be increasing
      in number. We report a case of cystic pontine glioma associated with von
      Recklinghausen's disease. The patient showed a remarkable improvement in her
      neurological status after evacuation of the cyst. A 16-year-old girl was admitted
      to our clinic with complaints of tinnitus and hearing difficulty of the left ear,
      progressive gait disturbance and double vision. Neurological examination revealed
      a sensory disturbance on the left side of the face, left abducens palsy, left
      facial paresis, left deafness, left cerebellar ataxia, right hemiparesis and
      right hemisensory disturbance excluding the face. Signs and symptoms of increased
      intracranial pressure were absent. There were many cafe-au-lait spots and several
      subcutaneous nodules. CT scan demonstrated a cystic lesion with a mural nodule in
      the left cerebello-pontine angle. The patient underwent left suboccipital
      craniectomy, and a puncture of the cyst between the trigeminal and facial
      acoustic nerves which were displaced dorsally yielded yellowish fluid. The
      content of the cyst was evacuated and its wall was widely opened. After the
      operation the patient showed a remarkable improvement in her neurological
      deficits only with left deafness remained unchanged. Histological examination
      showed anaplastic astrocytoma. She was discharged after irradiation of 5000
      rads.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438543
TI  - [Sternum-splitting approach for ossification of the posterior longitudinal
      ligament in the cervico-thoracic junction].
AB  - In this paper the author reported an operative approach for ossification of the
      posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the lower cervical and upper thoracic
      vertebrae. There are two types of surgery for OPLL, namely, posterior and
      anterior approaches. As a rule, we utilize an anterior approach for OPLL.
      Recently we performed a modified sternum-splitting approach in surgery for OPLL
      in the cervico-thoracic junction. In the original trans-sternal approach
      introduced by Cauchoix, the sternum is split from the suprasternal notch to the
      xiphoid process. We cut the manubrium only. However, a satisfactory exposure of
      the cervico-thoracic vertebrae down to the third thoracic level was obtained.
      After reaching the anterior surface of the cervico-thoracic vertebrae, the
      central portion of the vertebral body and the ossified lesion between the lower
      one third of the C7 vertebral body and the upper one third of the Th3 vertebral
      body were removed with an air-drill under an operating microscope. The
      longitudinal bone defect of the vertebral bodies was filled with a bone graft
      obtained from the iliac bone. Removal of the ossified lesion in the cervico
      thoracic junction can be performed safely by utilizing the modified sternum
      splitting approach. This approach can be applied also to endarterectomies at the
      origins of the vertebral arteries and the right subclavian artery.

PMID- 6438544
TI  - Effects on plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone of varying
      the frequency and amplitude of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses in
      ovariectomized ewes with hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection.
AB  - The effects on luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
      secretion of various regimens of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      replacement were examined in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes after hypothalamo
      pituitary disconnection (HPD). Hourly pulses of 500 ng GnRH restored gonadotropin
      secretion in OVX-HPD sheep. Replacement beginning 2 days after HPD gave
      consistent responses of LH and FSH within a week. Replacement beginning 61-96
      days after HPD caused more gradual re-establishment of LH and FSH secretion with
      LH responses appearing immediately and FSH responses appearing 2 weeks later.
      When hourly GnRH pulses were increased in amplitudes from 250 to 500 ng the
      plasma LH baseline, peak values and pulse amplitudes were increased. There was no
      significant change in plasma FSH levels over 10 pulses at the higher dose.
      Decreases in GnRH pulse frequency led to increases in LH pulse amplitude and
      decreases in plasma LH baseline. In contrast, immediately after a change from a 2
      hourly to an hourly mode, an increase in LH baseline occurred without an
      immediate reduction in LH pulse amplitude. Mean plasma FSH concentrations
      increased when the frequency was reduced from hourly to 2-hourly or 4-hourly.
      However, a change from 4-hourly to hourly pulses did not reduce FSH values within
      7 days. It is concluded that changes in the pattern of LH secretion observed
      during the ovine estrous cycle could be accounted for, in part, by changes in
      GnRH pulse frequency.

PMID- 6438545
TI  - Direct pituitary effects of estrogen and progesterone on gonadotropin secretion
      in the ovariectomized ewe.
AB  - The direct pituitary effects of estrogen and progesterone on the secretion of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied in
      ovariectomized (OVX) ewes in which the pituitary had been disconnected surgically
      from the hypothalamus (hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection, HPD). Gonadotropin
      secretion was restored with hourly pulses of 500 ng gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone (GnRH) via intra-atrial cannulae. Intramuscular injections of 50
      micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) to 5 sheep initially caused reductions
      (approximately 50%) in plasma LH baseline, peak values and LH pulse amplitude.
      Thereafter all parameters of plasma LH concentration increased 2- to 3-fold above
      starting values. After these 5 sheep had received 2 subcutaneous progesterone
      implants (mean +/- SEM plasma levels 5.3 +/- 1.5 nmol/l), the biphasic LH
      response to EB was still apparent and increases in LH peak values (267 +/- 19%)
      and LH pulse amplitudes (262 +/- 23%) were greater (p less than 0.05) than those
      seen with EB alone (195 +/- 11 and 172 +/- 14%, respectively). The presence of 2
      progesterone implants alone did not change plasma LH baseline, peak values or
      pulse amplitude, or plasma FSH values. In the second experiment, where 4 OVX-HPD
      ewes were given 4 progesterone implants (plasma progesterone 27.7 +/- 3.4
      nmol/l), there were no effects on basal plasma LH or plasma FSH values. The LH
      responses to EB were more marked in 4 OVX-HPD ewes given 4 progesterone implants
      than in the animals given EB alone. Also, the estrogen-induced LH surge occurred
      earlier in the ewes given 4 progesterone implants than in those given estrogen
      alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438546
TI  - Reno-cerebral oxalosis induced by xylitol.
AB  - A 20-year-old man suffering from Crohn's disease developed coma and generalized
      seizures following ileocecal resection. During postoperative parenteral feeding
      he received xylitol in an unusually high concentration. CT examinations a few
      days before death showed intense hypodensity and swelling of brainstem and basal
      ganglia and increasing triventricular dilatation. Autopsy revealed, mainly in the
      brainstem and cerebellum, a destruction of intracerebral, intracerebellar and
      leptomeningeal vessel walls by birefringent crystals (probably calcium oxalate),
      an early inflammatory reaction and severe brain edema with final tonsillar
      herniation. The same crystalloid deposits were found in the kidneys.

PMID- 6438547
TI  - Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) I: The approach
      to the recruit.

PMID- 6438548
TI  - Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) II: Health
      services organization and personnel.

PMID- 6438549
TI  - Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) III: Objectives
      and means.

PMID- 6438550
TI  - Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) IV: A controlled
      health delivery system.

PMID- 6438551
TI  - Upper lumbar spondylolysis: report of two cases.

PMID- 6438552
TI  - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis: report of an outbreak associated with jungle
      exposure.

PMID- 6438553
TI  - Chorangioma of the placental membranes.

PMID- 6438554
TI  - Cytogenetic aberrations in bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 6438555
TI  - Presence/absence of homogeneous Telepaque in the bowel: an aid in diagnosing
      biliary tract disease.

PMID- 6438556
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of total hip prostheses.

PMID- 6438557
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma of the foot: case report and review.

PMID- 6438558
TI  - [Supportive therapy of the hemorrhagic cirrhotic patient. A new classification
      system (University of Turin Cirrhotic Rating Scale)].

PMID- 6438559
TI  - [Artificial feeding in surgery. Our experience].

PMID- 6438560
TI  - [Total parenteral feeding in surgery of the digestive tract].

PMID- 6438561
TI  - [Use of a semisynthetic enteral diet in preparation for surgery of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 6438562
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in the pathology of infective agents].
AB  - Reports in the literature on recent significant research into the production of
      monoclonal antibodies opposing schizomycetes protozoa and viruses are presented.
      Such research has provided valuable new information about the epidemiology,
      aetiopathogenesis and prophylaxis of several infectious diseases. Monoclonal
      antibodies have in fact been used to identify new antigenic determinants in
      various microorganisms, to show antigenic differences between species, strains,
      types and development cycles and to reveal the existence of natural antigenic
      variants. Finally it is reported that only human monoclonal antibodies can be
      used in human immunoprophylaxis and therapy.

PMID- 6438563
TI  - [Considerations on atypical acute bronchopneumopathies].
AB  - The cases were studied of 109 patients admitted to the 2nd General Medical
      Division of the Umberto I Hospital in Turin in the course of a year. The study
      revealed 99 bacterial infections and 10 atypical forms including 7 mycoplasma
      pneumoniae and 3 virus infections. The importance of suspecting atypical
      pneumopathies is therefore emphasised and despite the technical difficulties that
      may at times arise, tests for the less common aetiological agents are
      recommended.

PMID- 6438564
TI  - [Tuberculous lymphadenitis. Apropos of a non-typical histological picture].
AB  - The case is presented of a young Somali with acute lymphadenitis. Whereas
      histological examination indicated abscessing granulomatous lymphadenitis,
      bacteriological studies revealed the presence of M. tuberculosis in the pus taken
      from the lymph node. Hence the aetiological diagnosis contradicted the
      morphological picture.

PMID- 6438565
TI  - Catheters utilized in delivering total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6438566
TI  - Glucose-dependent lactate production by homogenates of neuronal tissues prepared
      from rats treated with 2,4-dithiobiuret, acrylamide, p-bromophenylacetylurea and
      2,5-hexanedione.
AB  - Chronic treatment of rats with dithiobiuret (DTB) produces a delayed onset muscle
      weakness and, as suggested by a preliminary study, a distal axonopathy. An
      inhibition of glycolysis resulting in an energy deficit has been suggested as a
      possible mechanism of neurotoxin-induced distal axonopathies. To determine
      whether chronic DTB administration (1 mg/kg/day X 7 days; sacrificed on Day 7)
      might be associated with a perturbation of glucose metabolism in neuronal
      tissues, lactate production was measured in brain and spinal cord homogenates
      prepared from rats which exhibited hindlimb skeletal muscle weakness. Kinetic and
      statistical analysis showed that glucose-dependent lactate production in these
      homogenates was not different from that of controls. Lactate production was also
      determined in brain homogenates prepared from rats intoxicated with acrylamide
      (50 mg/kg/day X 9 days; sacrificed on Day 9), p-bromophenylacetylurea (200
      mg/kg/day X 2 days; sacrificed on Day 14) or 2,5-hexanedione (400 mg/kg/day X 21
      days; sacrificed on Day 21). The results indicated that whereas 2,5-hexanedione
      produced a slight decrease in Vmax, acrylamide and p-bromophenylacetylurea did
      not cause changes in glucose-dependent lactate production. These findings do not
      support the suggestion that an inhibition of glycolysis represents a common
      biochemical lesion associated with neurotoxins which cause delayed onset muscle
      weakness and distal axonopathy.

PMID- 6438567
TI  - The use of the trimethyltin model of CNS neurotoxicity to study biochemical
      indices of neuropathological change in the rat.
AB  - Trimethyltin (TMT)-induced CNS neurotoxicity in the rat was used to study
      biochemical indices of neuropathological change. The parameters measured were DNA
      and the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase. Three brain
      regions were investigated, hippocampus, medulla and cerebellum. Rats received 4
      mg/kg TMT weekly for a maximum of 5 weeks. The largest changes were found in the
      hippocampus, with smaller changes in medulla and no changes in the cerebellum. In
      the hippocampus the beta-glucuronidase activity was increased after three weeks
      to a maximum of 264% of the mean control value, while the beta-galactosidase
      activity was reduced to 87% of the control value. The lysosomal enzyme changes
      were attributed to processes of astrocytic and microglial hypertrophy and
      neuronal cell loss. The neuronal cell loss was further substantiated by the
      gradual reduction in the level of DNA in the hippocampus. It was concluded that
      the TMT model of CNS neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus was a useful tool for
      studying biochemical indices of neuropathological change.

PMID- 6438568
TI  - DRGs: how many staff cuts ahead?

PMID- 6438569
TI  - Focus on health.

PMID- 6438570
TI  - [Possibilities in the intraocular administration of antibiotics].

PMID- 6438571
TI  - Toxicity of antineoplastic drug combinations in vitrectomy infusion fluid.
AB  - We evaluated a combination of various antineoplastic drugs used in vitrectomy
      infusion fluid for toxicity. A combination of 250 micrograms/ml of 5-fluorouracil
      with each of the following agents, 8.0 micrograms/ml of thiotepa or 40
      micrograms/ml of etoposide, or 0.1 micrograms/ml doxorubicin, or 0.1 microgram/ml
      vincristine was tolerated well in the rabbit eyes.

PMID- 6438572
TI  - Lysine as a prophylactic agent in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex
      labialis.
AB  - The amino acid lysine is an agent that has been proposed for treating the
      clinical symptoms of recurrent herpes simplex labialis. This study examined the
      efficacy of long-term prophylactic lysine supplementation. Twenty-six volunteers
      with a history of frequently recurring herpetic lesions completed a 12-month
      double-blind crossovers study. The experimental group received daily oral
      supplements of 1,000 mg 1-lysine. Serum samples were analyzed at scheduled
      intervals. In most instances, members of the lysine group reported significantly
      fewer lesions than the control group. Similarly, those who were taken off lysine
      supplementation generally showed a significant increase in lesion frequency.
      Quantitative hematologic measurements revealed the most clinically useful
      relationship. Data from this sample population indicated that when a person's
      serum lysine concentration exceeded 165 nmol/ml there was a corresponding
      significant decrease in recurrence rate. Conversely, the frequency rate increased
      significantly as concentration levels fell below 165 nmol/ml. These results
      suggest that prophylactic lysine may be useful in managing selected cases of
      recurrent herpes simplex labialis if serum lysine levels can be maintained at
      adequate concentrations.

PMID- 6438573
TI  - The hardness of bovine dentine after glutaraldehyde treatment.
AB  - Bovine dentine specimens were treated with glutaraldehyde 2% for periods of 10,
      20 min. and 48 h. The differences in Knoop hardness were measured and evaluated.
      It can be concluded that treatment of bovine dentine with glutaraldehyde gives
      first a remarkable softening (+/- 15%); afterward the treated dentine is +/- 15%
      harder than untreated dentine.

PMID- 6438574
TI  - Prospective payment and the resurgence of quality.

PMID- 6438575
TI  - The impact of a cybernetic control system on inappropriate admissions.

PMID- 6438576
TI  - An annotated bibliography (Part 2): Quality assurance program development,
      implementation, and evaluation.

PMID- 6438577
TI  - Capitalizing on prospective reimbursement with a new utilization system.

PMID- 6438578
TI  - Care of the child with fever: a quality assurance study.

PMID- 6438579
TI  - How to achieve progressive clinical responsibility.

PMID- 6438580
TI  - Experimental studies for correction of superior laryngeal paralysis by fusion of
      the thyroid to cricoid cartilages.
AB  - Contraction of the cricothyroideus muscles (CTMs), innervated by the superior
      laryngeal nerves (SLNs), modulates the voice by tilting the thyroid cartilage
      anteriorly onto the top of the cricoid and tensing the vocal cords. Either
      unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the SLNs is disabling for individuals with
      above-average voice demands. Some patients never compensate for this paralysis;
      there is no surgical procedure recognized to correct it. This study tested the
      hypothesis that surgical fusion of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages anteriorly
      can correct the problems of SLN injury by duplicating the mechanical tilt of the
      thyroid onto the cricoid cartilage normally produced by the CTMs. The SLNs were
      cut in 12 dogs. In six the cricoid and thyroid cartilages were fused anteriorly.
      Vocal cord and airway function was assessed preoperatively, immediately
      postoperatively, and 6 to 10 weeks after surgery. Following surgery there was no
      airway compromise and there appeared to be a more satisfactory compensation for
      the SLN paralysis in the fused larynges as compared with the unfused controls as
      determined by cinelaryngoscopic analysis.

PMID- 6438581
TI  - Expansion hyoidplasty. 1983 First-Place Resident Research Award: clinical
      category.
AB  - An inspiratory, circumferential, passive collapse of the hypopharyngeal lumen is
      the mechanism of airway obstruction in some patients with "idiopathic"
      obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. While permanent tracheotomy has resolved the
      obstruction and reversed the associated cardiopulmonary sequelae, it is not
      without complications. The expansion hyoidplasty was conceived as an alternative.
      The hyoid bone is trisected just medial to each lesser cornu, then held in an
      expanded position by a permanent brace. The greater cornua with attached middle
      constrictor and hyoglossus are moved laterally, while the body of the hyoid with
      attached geniohyoid and genioglossus shifts the base of tongue anteriorly. The
      procedure is potentially reversible. Twenty dogs were studied before and after
      hyoid expansion, 10 for superior hypopharyngeal pressure-volume measurements and
      10 for the closing-pressure study. Pressure-volume studies demonstrated a
      consistent expansion of the superior hypopharynx. Deglutition and laryngeal
      competence wee not grossly affected. Reexamination of four animals in the closing
      pressure group 1 year postoperatively demonstrated stability of the hyoid
      expansion and no evidence of serious parahyoid tissue complications.

PMID- 6438582
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in head and neck surgery.
AB  - Studies undertaken at the Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh indicate that
      antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of patient morbidity. In this
      article we will demonstrate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the economics
      of major head and neck surgery. One hundred and one patients were assigned to one
      of four treatment protocols, three of which entailed 1 day of a perioperative
      prophylactic antibiotic and the fourth a placebo. The study was conducted in a
      double-blind, randomized fashion. Patients receiving a placebo experienced an
      infection rate of 78%. Patients receiving cefazolin experienced an infection rate
      of 33%. Ten percent of patients treated with cefoperazone or cefotaxime developed
      postoperative wound infection. Postoperative hospitalization averaged 17.9 days
      for patients who did not develop postoperative wound infection, in contrast to an
      average of 32.6 days for patients with postoperative would infection. The added
      cost of postoperative infection justifies the added use of the newer, more
      expensive antibiotics in view of the reduced postoperative morbidity and
      postoperative hospitalization.

PMID- 6438583
TI  - In vitro sensitivity and resistance of cultured human squamous carcinoma cells to
      cis-platinum and methotrexate.
AB  - To determine whether resistance to chemotherapy in advanced head and neck
      squamous cell carcinoma stems from biochemical mechanisms and to assess the
      potential usefulness of new anticarcinogens, an in vitro test would be highly
      desirable. In the past 4 years our laboratory has developed methodology to
      establish squamous carcinoma cell lines in tissue culture from patients with
      squamous cancer of the head and neck. We used some of these lines to compare the
      in vitro effects of methotrexate on squamous carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and
      melanoma cells. Three of the squamous carcinoma lines were tested for sensitivity
      to both methotrexate and cis-platinum; all but one squamous carcinoma cell line
      exposed to methotrexate showed growth inhibition at the physiologically
      attainable concentration of 10(-7) M. In contrast, a tenfold higher concentration
      was required to produce similar effects in the melanoma, while no concentration
      inhibited fibrosarcoma growth. Cis-platinum showed consistent squamous carcinoma
      cytotoxicity in 10(-5) M and 10(-6) M concentrations. This approach should be
      useful for determining the relative sensitivity and resistance of head and neck
      cancers to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro.

PMID- 6438584
TI  - The extratemporal facial nerve.
AB  - The extratemporal course of the facial nerve must be completely understood if
      surgery is required for the removal of parotid and other tumors in the
      infratemporal space and skull base or if the nerve itself must be exposed when it
      has been severed. The key to mastering this surgery is to understand the anatomy
      of the parotid space and its relations to surrounding structures so that the
      facial nerve can be found during surgery and preserved intact. Tumor masses or
      scar tissue may distort normal structures and relations to adjacent structures;
      this must be kept in mind while operating in this complicated anatomic area.

PMID- 6438585
TI  - Animal model for peripheral nerve grafting.
AB  - We propose an animal model from which it is possible to follow nerve-muscle unit
      recovery after a nerve graft easily, consistently, and relatively inexpensively.
      The model is also compatible with subsequent histologic or histochemical
      analysis. We document the recovery of a group of animals after nerve grafting to
      demonstrate the flexibility of the model.

PMID- 6438586
TI  - Extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap reconstruction of major head and neck
      defects.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to familiarize th surgeon with the latissimus
      dorsi flap and some particularly useful applications of it. This flap has proved
      extremely versatile, with many uses, among them immediate coverage for extensive
      head and neck wounds. It has been equally successful in repairing defects in both
      normal and irradiated tissue. The range of the arc of utilization has been
      exceptional, easily reaching the skull vertex from the chest wall. However, to be
      able to extend this flap so far requires careful dissection of the neurovascular
      pedicle and intimate anatomic knowledge of the posterior axilla region. This
      flap's muscle bulk is quite acceptable and the donor site may almost always be
      closed primarily. There appears to be less functional disability from sacrifice
      of this muscle than with pectoralis or trapezius myocutaneous flaps. Accordingly,
      it is ideal when much tissue is needed for single-stage coverage. Additional uses
      are available when flaps from other sites have failed.

PMID- 6438587
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

PMID- 6438588
TI  - Surgery of the inferior turbinates: how much and when?
AB  - Surgery of the inferior turbinates should be performed only after a trial period
      of medical therapy. Surgical reduction in turbinate size may be accomplished by
      outfracture crushing, cauterization, cryotherapy, laser vaporization, submucous
      resection, partial turbinate resection, turbinoplasty, or total turbinectomy. The
      procedure chosen should be the most conservative one consistent with obtaining a
      good airway.

PMID- 6438589
TI  - Comparison of symptoms and laboratory findings in unilateral vestibular
      dysfunction.
AB  - Although vertigo is the expected symptom of unilateral vestibular disease,
      exceptions have been observed. To determine the relative frequency of this
      observation, a retrospective study of patients seen over a 1-year period was
      done. Of the 126 patients found to have unilateral labyrinthine impairment with
      bithermal caloric testing, only 58 (46%) characterized their symptoms as vertigo.
      The ramifications of these findings are discussed, and a question is raised as to
      the propriety of reserving vestibular testing for only those patients describing
      vertigo.

PMID- 6438590
TI  - Stapedectomy revision following sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - This study analyzes 71 stapedectomies that resulted in a sensorineural hearing
      loss, followed by a revision stapedectomy on the suspicion of an oval window
      fistula. The cases were divided between two primary stapedectomy techniques: a
      stainless steel Robinson prosthesis on a vein graft and a wire prosthesis with
      Gelfoam. The major differences between the surgical findings of the two groups
      were the fistula rate with the wire prosthesis was 10 times that with the
      Robinson prosthesis; the wire prosthesis was longer than necessary in 21% of the
      cases in which it was used; there was no finding of excess length with the
      Robinson prosthesis; and after revision stapedectomy, dizziness was lessened in
      20% of the patients in the Robinson prosthesis group, in 60% of those in the wire
      prosthesis group, and in 75% of those with fistula. Surgical directions are given
      for revision stapedectomy following a sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 6438591
TI  - TORPs and PORPs: causes of failure--a report on 446 operations.
AB  - This is a review of the causes of failure in 5 1/2 years of personal experience
      with TORPs and PORPs. Prosthesis extrusion, the cause of failure in less than 5%
      of 446 TORP and PORP operations, usually was the result of a mucous membrane or
      eustachian tube problem. Severe sensori-neural hearing impairment occurred in
      less than 1%, and these were operations in which the oval window was opened.
      Unsatisfactory hearing was the cause of failure in 18%.

PMID- 6438592
TI  - Histiocytosis X of the temporal bone.

PMID- 6438593
TI  - Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma presenting as cochleovestibular hydrops.

PMID- 6438594
TI  - Dermoid cyst of the middle ear and mastoid.

PMID- 6438595
TI  - Neurologic deficit after external otitis.

PMID- 6438596
TI  - Panje-Shagets tracheoesophageal fistula forceps.

PMID- 6438597
TI  - Carotid rupture without neck dissection.

PMID- 6438598
TI  - [Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Clinical considerations].
AB  - The Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe illness of the unborn,
      respectively of the newborn. About 90 percent of the causes occur in utero, about
      10 percent after birth. The risk for HIE arises from anatomical and
      pathophysiological particularities: little overlapping between the great cerebral
      arteries, poor periventricular vascularisation, and a loss of the autoregulation
      of cerebral blood flow during asphyxia. Most important is the early detection of
      intrauterine asphyxia. After birth the general measures include: thermoneutral
      temperature, oxygenation, normal pCO2, regular blood pressure monitoring, glucose
      infusion, therapy of convulsions and of an inherent brain edema. After birth the
      five most common clinical settings in which HIE occurs, are: postpartum asphyxia,
      PFC, septic shock, pneumothorax and apneas. Therapeutic measures (e.g. volume
      therapy) have to be prompt but subtle, to prevent ischemia, avoiding overtherapy
      with its risk of intracranial hemorrhage.

PMID- 6438599
TI  - Interrelationship of eosinophilia and IgE antibody production to larval ES
      antigen in Toxocara canis infected mice.
AB  - In order to elucidate the relationship between eosinophilia and IgE antibody
      production in parasitic infection, the degree of eosinophilia and IgE antibody
      levels to larval ES antigen of Toxocara canis were investigated in eight inbred
      strains of mice after infection with T. canis. Eosinophilia was far higher in
      degree in SJL mice than in the other inbred strains. However, IgE antibody levels
      to larval ES antigen in SJL mice were the lowest among those inbred strains.
      Similarly, the degree of eosinophilia in AKR mice was slightly higher than those
      in the other strains except SJL mice, but IgE antibody levels to larval ES
      antigen in AKR mice was as low as that in SJL mice. Consequently, high responders
      for eosinophilia were not always high responders for IgE antibody production to
      larval ES antigen. Inheritance of the two traits, marked eosinophilia and poor
      IgE antibody production to larval ES antigen in T. canis infected SJL mice, were
      investigated using F1 hybrid and back-cross mice. The former was regulated by
      more than one gene, while the latter was a recessive trait. The degree of
      eosinophilia after infection showed no relationship with the total numbers of
      larvae recovered from T. canis infected inbred mice.

PMID- 6438600
TI  - Cost-benefit evaluation of systematic radiological diagnosis of congenital
      dislocated hip.
AB  - The question of radiological mass screening for congenital dislocated hip is
      still debated. We have tried to evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of radiological
      detection at the age of 3-4 months, taking into account the socio-economic cost
      and radiation risk. Assuming a frequency of this disorder of 1% the average cost
      of treatment of one case detected by X-ray screening at the age of 3-4 months,
      including the price of X-ray examinations of 99 normal babies, is 23,374 FF. The
      average cost of treatment of a case detected when walking (i.e. after 9 months)
      is 84,230 FF. The cost-benefit ratio is 3.6. In countries where the frequency
      reaches 2% the cost benefit ratio is 4.57. It also appears from our study that
      the irradiation of the patient is much smaller when the diagnosis is made
      earlier. Comparing the slight irradiation delivered to normal infants by this
      mass screening to the heavy irradiation received by a few individuals whose
      treatment is started after 9 months, the calculated risk of leukemia or of
      genetic disorder for the whole population still favours a systematic X-ray film
      of the pelvis at age 3-4 months. However, if it were decided to make obligatory
      this mass radiological detection programme during the fourth month of life, this
      would necessitate a serious effort to train all radiologists to obtain adequate
      films with the best radiation protection.

PMID- 6438601
TI  - Central hypoventilation syndrome in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency.
AB  - The presentation and treatment of a central hypoventilation syndrome in a boy
      with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency are reported.
      Dephosphorylated PDHC was assayed in disrupted fibroblasts after pretreatment
      with dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor. Maximal specific
      activity of activated patient PDHC was 10% to 30% of control values. Patient PDHC
      activity was not increased by alterations in concentrations of pyruvate or
      cofactors (thiamine pyrophosphate [TPP], coenzyme A [CoA], oxidized form of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD+]). Clinically, normalization of plasma
      lactate by a high-lipid diet did not prevent slowly progressive neurologic
      decline. The patient manifested intermittent ataxia, episodic profound weakness,
      moderate psychomotor retardation, ophthalmoplegia, and retinal pigment epithelial
      changes. A true central hypoventilation syndrome was documented on the basis of
      rigorous radiologic, electrophysiologic, and pulmonary function criteria.
      Theophylline, progesterone, and ritalin neither altered ventilatory response to
      CO2 nor permitted weaning from the ventilator. In contrast, peripheral
      chemoreceptor stimulants (intravenous doxapram; oral almitrine) effected an acute
      doubling of minute ventilation with appropriate decreases in PaCO2. However, a
      positive response to long-term therapy with almitrine could not be unequivocally
      shown. It was concluded that measurement of disrupted fibroblast PDHC following
      dichloroacetate activation constitutes an accurate assay for PDHC deficiency.
      PDHC deficiency must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the central
      hypoventilation syndrome; this appears to be the first report of such an
      association. Finally, a therapeutic trial of a peripheral chemoreceptor agonist
      is warranted in the management of central hypoventilation syndrome.

PMID- 6438602
TI  - Value of radiologic skeletal survey in assessment of abused children.
AB  - The usefulness of the radiologic skeletal survey in the assessment of children
      who were suspected of being abused or neglected was studied. During a 2 1/2-year
      period at one pediatric hospital, 331 skeletal surveys were performed to aid in
      the evaluation of possible child maltreatment. Of the 331 surveys, 38 (11.5%)
      showed evidence of trauma. But, in 30 of the 38 skeletal surveys, trauma was
      either previously known or suspected by the examiner. Therefore, in only eight
      cases did the skeletal survey provide new information that was helpful in the
      investigation of possible abuse or neglect which would have remained undiscovered
      without the skeletal survey. The age, sex, and clinical signs of the subjects
      were analyzed in an attempt to identify factors that might predict skeletal
      surveys with positive radiologic findings. Consideration is given to the costs
      and risks of skeletal surveys v potential benefits.

PMID- 6438603
TI  - [A case of congenital diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6438604
TI  - Free calcium in sheep cardiac tissue and frog skeletal muscle measured with Ca2+
      selective microelectrodes.
AB  - Microelectrodes filled with neutral carrier selective to Ca2+ were used to
      measure the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in sheep cardiac
      tissue and frog skeletal muscle. Calibration of the electrodes was performed in
      the presence of a solution resembling the cationic composition of the cytoplasm.
      [Ca2+]i at rest in normal physiological saline (20-22 degrees C) was 240 nM in
      Purkinje fibres, 270 nM in ventricular muscle, and 52 nM in skeletal muscle. In
      Purkinje fibres, elevation of [Ca2+]o from 1.8 mM to 5.4 mM produced a 1.7-fold
      increase in [Ca2+]i. Elevation of [Ca2+]o from 1.8 mM to 18 mM induced a 2.6-fold
      increase in [Ca2+]i. Exposure to Na+-free solution (Li+-substituted) gave rise to
      elevation of [Ca2+]i by factors of 5.8 and 14 in ventricular muscle and Purkinje
      fibres, respectively. These latter changes in [Ca2+]i were associated with the
      development of contractures which reached 34% and 172% of the corresponding
      twitch tension.

PMID- 6438605
TI  - A fluorimetric enzyme-linked immunoassay (FEIA) for measurement of anti-D
      antibodies.
AB  - A new enzyme-linked immunoassay for the determination of anti-erythrocyte
      antibodies is described. A fluorogenic substrate of alkaline phosphatase, the 4
      MUP, was used to reveal the antigen-antibody reaction. This substrate was chosen
      in order to avoid interferences with haemoglobin, since it emits a light with a
      wavelength outside the absorption spectrum of haemoglobin. This method reaches a
      sensitivity in the order of 1 ng/ml. Sera from 66 Rh-immunized pregnant women and
      20 control subjects have been studied. The specificity and reproducibility of the
      results and their good correlation with the biological and clinical parameters of
      the hemolytic disease of the newborn confirm the validity of the method,
      encouraging its routine use.

PMID- 6438606
TI  - [Glycosaminoglycans in the spleen of normal humans and in the spleen of subjects
      with chronic myeloid leukemia].
AB  - The average glycosaminoglycan content in control spleens, expressed as uronic
      acid, was 0.23 +/- 0.02 mg/g of dry wt; the average glycosaminoglycans content in
      spleens of CML patients, expressed as uronic acid, was 0.91 +/- 0.23 mg/g of dry
      wt. In control and in leukemic spleens the same glycosaminoglycans were present,
      that is hyaluronic acid, heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-4
      sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate. However, in leukemic spleens the normal
      quantitative relationship between these glycosaminoglycans was greatly modified;
      in fact in control spleens hyaluronic acid, heparan sulphate and the chondroitin
      sulphates were present in almost equal proportions, whereas in leukemic spleens
      the chondroitin sulphate group alone represented almost 9/10 of all the
      glycosaminoglycans. Since this proportion is weakly modified in leukemic spleens
      in which the number of myeloid cells has been notably reduced after chemotherapy,
      we may suppose that this phenomenon is due to the very marked modifications which
      take place in the micro-environment of the leukemic spleen.

PMID- 6438607
TI  - [Willebrand syndrome acquired during an amylosis of primitive appearance].

PMID- 6438608
TI  - Fetal and neonatal infection.

PMID- 6438609
TI  - Breast cancer. 2. Nursing care study: primary radiotherapy.

PMID- 6438610
TI  - Administering vesicant chemotherapeutic agents--three views.

PMID- 6438611
TI  - Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: principles and guidelines.
AB  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical procedures is an area that is recognized
      as being subject to individual clinical variations. This review gives
      practitioners some basic principles of rational prophylaxis as defined by the
      medical literature. In addition, this literature is evaluated and condensed to
      provide clinicians with guidelines for particular procedures: obstetric,
      gynecologic, gastric, biliary, colonic, urologic, cardiac, thoracic, vascular,
      orthopedic and head and neck. Each section concludes with recommendations for the
      clinically most accepted prophylactic regimens. Antibiotics discussed include not
      only the older agents, but where good information exists, the newer
      cephalosporins. The suggested regimens consider efficacy, safety and cost as
      determinants in rational prescribing. Although research into even shorter, and
      perhaps more cost-effective, regimens continues, this compilation lists state-of
      the-art recommendations.

PMID- 6438612
TI  - Behavioral effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone in frontal decorticated rats.
AB  - A low dose intracerebroventricular injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone
      (TRH, 100 ng) changed many behavioral responses in the rat. TRH increased
      locomotion, scratching, body shaking, piloerection, and rearing, but decreased
      sniffing, and resting. Ablation of frontal neocortex further enhanced the TRH
      effects on locomotion and resting. A dose effect of TRH (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 ng) to
      increase general activity was established and the effect was further enhanced by
      decortication. In our test situations decortication had no effect by itself.
      Since the TRH effects became much more pronounced without the frontal neocortex
      it appears that the cortex exerts a powerful inhibitory effect to moderate the
      TRH effects. The TRH effect does not depend upon the frontal cortex, actually a
      cortical function is to dampen the TRH effects on various behavioral responses.

PMID- 6438613
TI  - [Radiography of the lungs--always or sometimes?].

PMID- 6438614
TI  - [Effect of dopamine on gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in patients with
      polycystic ovary syndrome].

PMID- 6438615
TI  - [Membrane oxygenators of the blood].
AB  - The development, application and construction of membrane oxygenators are
      reviewed. Although far from the perfection of the natural lung whose "poor" copy
      they are, these oxygenators represent an important stage of development of
      extracorporeal oxygenation of blood. From among the designs proposed so far these
      oxygenators are the least traumatic to blood, particularly as compared with the
      direct contacting oxygenators (bubbles and films oxygenators) and are the only
      ones suitable for long term clinical application in pulmonary and cardiac
      insufficiency treatment. Silicones are the most frequently used membrane
      material. The search for new membrane materials of high respiratory gases
      permeability as well as good blood compatibility is, apart from the studies on
      new designs, the main area of investigation on membrane oxygenators. Porous
      teflon membranes seem to be the most promising material.

PMID- 6438616
TI  - Immunopathologic demonstration of T lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin 2
      in granuloma annulare.
AB  - Immunopathologic aspects of granuloma annulare were studied in frozen sections of
      nine skin biopsy specimens with monoclonal antibodies directed against T
      lymphocytes, Langerhans' cells, interleukin 2, and interleukin 2 receptors in
      conjunction with immunoperoxidase techniques. The predominant lymphocyte was an
      activated T lymphocyte (Leu 1+, HLA-DR+) with an excess of helper/inducer
      phenotype (Leu 3a+) as compared with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (Leu 2a+).
      Langerhans' cells were increased in the epidermis and numerous OKT6+ cells were
      observed in the perivascular and granulomatous infiltrate. Both interleukin 2
      positive cells and interleukin 2 receptor-positive cells were identified in the
      dermal lesions according to observed reactivity with the corresponding monoclonal
      antibodies. These findings suggest that a cell-mediated immune response producing
      cytokines may be important in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. Comparison
      of these results with skin specimens from patients with sarcoidosis and from a
      patient with granuloma annulare having some of the histologic features of
      sarcoidosis, suggests that the cutaneous infiltrate in granuloma annulare
      represents a response distinct from that of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6438617
TI  - Green foot.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa may infect the skin surface, nails, hair follicles, or
      deeper tissues. We report a 13-year-old male with an asymptomatic green
      discoloration of the toenails and sole of the right foot. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      was cultured from the shoe, but not from the discolored skin. We suspect that
      constant wearing of occlusive, rubber-soled, basketball shoes associated with
      hyperhidrosis allowed colonization of his shoe with pseudomonas. This case is
      unique in that colonization resulted in a green color of the foot not associated
      with infection of the skin.

PMID- 6438618
TI  - Pepsinogen.

PMID- 6438619
TI  - Enteral nutrition.

PMID- 6438620
TI  - The use of lasers in dermatology.

PMID- 6438621
TI  - [Long-term treatment of bronchial asthma with an inhalation steroid, Pulmicort].

PMID- 6438622
TI  - [Thyroliberin test in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer].
AB  - The function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid system was studied in patients
      with nodular diseases of the thyroid gland to determine the importance of the
      thyroliberin test for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Patients with thyroid
      cancer develop profound disturbances in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid
      system. Unlike benign nodular thyroid diseases, the cancerous process is marked
      by suppression of the pituitary responsiveness to stimulation with thyroliberin
      while the degree of thyrotropin level elevation turns out twice as decreased
      after thyroliberin administration. The thyroliberin test can be used in
      differential diagnosis of malignant and benign nodular diseases of the thyroid
      gland. The sensitivity of cancer as regards "the lowered thyrotropin index"
      calculated as the ratio of stimulated thyrotropin to basal one constitutes 85%,
      specificity 89.5%.

PMID- 6438623
TI  - [The hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system and sexual function of women with
      Cushing's syndrome].

PMID- 6438624
TI  - A product of yeast RAS2 gene is a guanine nucleotide binding protein.
AB  - Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes, RAS1 and RAS2, which show
      remarkable homology to mammalian ras genes. To characterize these gene products,
      we have expressed the RAS2 gene in yeast using an inducible GAL10 promoter. After
      labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitating with a monoclonal antibody
      Y13-259, which reacts with p21 encoded by mammalian ras genes, a major band
      having an apparent molecular weight of 41,000 is detected. This band has also
      been identified in cell-free translation products of polyadenylated RNA extracted
      from yeast cells grown in the presence of galactose. Crude extracts of cells
      expressing the RAS2 gene exhibit guanine nucleotide binding activity. This is
      detected by incubation with [3H]GDP followed by immunoprecipitation with the
      antibody Y13-259. The binding of labeled GDP is inhibited by a 20-fold excess of
      GDP, GTP, and, to a lesser extent, by UTP, a characteristic similar to that
      possessed by the mammalian ras proteins. However, the activity of the yeast
      protein differs from that of the mammalian proteins in its strong dependence on
      temperature. The guanine nucleotide binding activity provides an assay to purify
      the yeast protein.

PMID- 6438625
TI  - Coagulation factors V and VIII and ceruloplasmin constitute a family of
      structurally related proteins.
AB  - Computer searches of the National Biomedical Research Foundation protein and
      nucleic acid sequence data bases using the NH2 terminus of the bovine factor Va
      94-kilodalton heavy chain, the NH2 terminus of the 74-kilodalton factor Va light
      chain, and an internal 98-residue segment of porcine factor VIII revealed that
      both bovine factor V and porcine factor VIII are statistically homologous to
      human ceruloplasmin. The NH2-terminal segment of bovine factor Va heavy chain is
      homologous to three segments of ceruloplasmin sequence starting at residues 1,
      351, and 713; the NH2-terminal sequence of bovine factor Va light chain is
      homologous to the same human ceruloplasmin sequence segments beginning at
      residues 1, 349, and 711. The longer porcine factor VIII sequence is homologous
      to three segments of human ceruloplasmin, residues 1-77, 400-433, and 683-791.
      These data indicate that factor V, factor VIII, and ceruloplasmin comprise a
      group of evolutionarily linked protein structures that possibly resulted from
      multiplication of ancestral precursor genes.

PMID- 6438626
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the gamma subunit of bovine
      retinal transducin.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone that encodes the gamma subunit of
      transducin, the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein found in vertebrate
      photoreceptors. The gamma subunit was separated from the alpha and beta subunits
      of transducin and purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase high performance
      liquid chromatography. The sequence of the first 45 amino acids at the amino
      terminus of this polypeptide was then determined by automated Edman degradation.
      Oligodeoxynucleotide probes corresponding to two nonoverlapping regions of this
      sequence were synthesized and then used to screen a bovine retinal cDNA library.
      One probe, T gamma 1, was a mixture of 32 different heptadecamers complementary
      to all possible mRNA sequences that could encode a portion of the T gamma
      sequence; the other probe, T gamma 2, was a mixture of 128 different
      heptadecamers. Thirteen clones that hybridized with T gamma 1 were selected. Only
      one of these had an insert that also hybridized with T gamma 2. The DNA sequence
      of this insert encodes a 73-amino acid polypeptide that corresponds to the
      transducin gamma subunit on the basis of amino-terminal sequence, amino acid
      composition, and carboxyl-terminal sequence. The molecular weight of the mature
      gamma subunit is 8400. It appears to be synthesized as a discrete polypeptide and
      not as a domain of a larger precursor polyprotein. The transducin gamma subunit
      is very hydrophilic and acidic; it has 19 acidic and 11 basic amino acids as well
      as three cysteine residues. Furthermore, significant homology was found in
      comparisons of the nucleic acid sequence corresponding to the carboxyl terminus
      of the gamma transducin transcript with the sequences corresponding to the
      carboxyl terminus of ras oncogene products, suggesting a possible ancestral
      relationship between these genes.

PMID- 6438627
TI  - Guanosine nucleotide binding by highly purified Ha-ras-encoded p21 protein
      produced in Escherichia coli.
AB  - High-level expression of the p21 protein product of the BALB murine sarcoma virus
      v-ras gene (similar to the product of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus v-Ha-ras
      gene) has been reported recently, and highly purified preparations of this
      protein have been obtained. We used a nitrocellulose filter assay for measuring
      the binding of GDP and GTP to the purified protein. Previously p21 antibodies had
      been used to precipitate p21-guanosine nucleotide complexes from crude extracts
      containing the protein. Using the filter assay, we find that the v-Ha-ras gene
      product binds [3H]GDP stoichiometrically. The binding is time-dependent and is
      faster at 30 degrees C than at 0 degrees C. Optimum binding is obtained in the
      presence of dithiothreitol and magnesium ions and at pH 7.4. In terms of its GDP
      binding activity, p21 is heat stable and pronase sensitive. The dissociation
      constants (Kd) of p21 for [3H]GDP and [3H]GTP, determined by Scatchard analysis,
      are 6 X 10(-8) M and 2.5 X 10(-8) M, respectively.

PMID- 6438628
TI  - Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of C
      phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum.
AB  - Synthetic oligonucleotide probes were used to identify a cloned DNA fragment from
      the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum that contains the genes for the
      alpha and beta subunits of C-phycocyanin. The coding region for the alpha-subunit
      gene begins 108 base pairs downstream from the 3' end of the beta-subunit
      structural gene. The sequences of the coding regions for both genes have been
      determined as well as 379 base pairs of 5' flanking region, 204 base pairs of 3'
      flanking region, and the 108 base pairs between the two genes. The site of
      transcriptional initiation is located approximately equal to 325 base pairs
      upstream from the beta-subunit gene, and an open reading frame 114 base pairs
      long is found within this region. The significance of this additional open
      reading frame is not yet known. The derived amino acid sequences for both C
      phycocyanin subunits were compared with other known C-phycocyanin sequences for
      homology. Homologies between the A. quadruplicatum alpha subunit and alpha
      subunits from other species were approximately equal to 70%, as were homologies
      between the A. quadruplicatum beta subunit and other beta subunits. Homologies
      between the various alpha and beta subunits were 21%-27%. Codon usage for both
      the C-phycocyanin alpha- and beta-subunit genes shows asymmetries for many amino
      acids that correspond closely to those seen in highly expressed Escherichia coli
      genes.

PMID- 6438629
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the spo0B gene of Bacillus subtilis and regulation of its
      expression.
AB  - The spo0B gene is one of the genes involved in initiation of sporulation of
      Bacillus subtilis. This gene, previously cloned into the pHV33 shuttle vector, is
      expressed in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis. We have determined the sequence of
      1118 base pairs (bp) of the DNA insert carrying the spo0B gene. The promoter
      sequence of this gene shows the canonical T-A-T-A-A-T region at 10 bp from the
      transcriptional start (-10 region) but an unusual sequence, T-T-T-T-C-T-, in the 
      35 region. The nucleotide sequence shows an open reading frame encoding a 192
      amino-acid polypeptide of Mr 22,542, which is close to the molecular weight of
      the spo0B product synthesized in E. coli minicells. To investigate the regulation
      of the spo0B gene under a variety of physiological conditions, we constructed an
      in-frame fusion between the spo0B promoter proximal region and the lacZ gene of
      E. coli. This hybrid gene was subsequently integrated into the B. subtilis
      chromosome, and the beta-galactosidase activity was measured. It was found that
      the spo0B gene is preferentially expressed during exponential growth; it is not
      induced by exhaustion of the growth medium nor repressed by glucose.

PMID- 6438630
TI  - Sequence of the bacteriophage SP01 gene coding for transcription factor 1, a
      viral homologue of the bacterial type II DNA-binding proteins.
AB  - The Bacillus subtilis phage SP01, whose DNA contains 5-hydroxymethyluracil
      (hmUra) in place of thymine, codes for an abundant, small, basic protein called
      TF1. TF1 binds preferentially to hydroxymethyluracil-containing DNA and thereby
      selectively inhibits transcription of such DNA in vitro. The gene for TF1 has
      been sequenced. We find that this viral protein is a homologue of the ubiquitous
      bacterial type II DNA-binding proteins. The three-dimensional structure of one of
      these bacterial proteins has recently been determined. We are able to discern
      common as well as distinctive features in the amino acid sequence and the three
      dimensional structure of the homologous viral protein.

PMID- 6438631
TI  - Two regulatory elements for immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene expression.
AB  - By using internal deletions within a rearranged immunoglobulin kappa light chain
      gene, the presence of an intron regulatory sequence (enhancer) has been
      confirmed. Its presence is required for high-level transcription from a plasmid
      after transfection into myeloma cells. Transfection efficiency was monitored by
      the activity of a deleted H4 histone gene included in the plasmid. The intron
      element could be moved upstream of the gene in both orientations, fulfilling the
      definition of an enhancer. By using 5' deletions, a second regulatory element was
      located upstream of the "TATA" box, between positions -69 and -104. These two
      elements both are required for efficient kappa chain gene expression.

PMID- 6438632
TI  - Kinetics of thymidine incorporation into detergent-soluble DNA of mouse
      lymphocytes.
AB  - We reported recently that splenocytes from concanavalin A-stimulated mice rapidly
      incorporated [3H]thymidine into non-mitochondrial DNA that was detergent soluble
      and distributed in size classes between 200 and 5000 base pairs. In this report
      we show that small [3H]thymidine-labeled oligonucleotides (less than 100 base
      pairs long) appear by 15 min. Subsequently, [3H]thymidine in small
      oligonucleotides diminishes as incorporation into larger size classes of
      detergent-soluble DNA occurs in a pattern that is stable for at least 3 hr.
      Although incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the oligonucleotides is not
      sensitive to aphidicolin or hydroxyurea, the appearance of [3H]thymidine in
      larger species is blocked by both drugs. These results indicate that the
      enzymatic process involved in synthesis of oligonucleotides is somehow distinct
      from the process involved in synthesis of larger detergent-soluble size classes.
      Synthesis of the latter may be replication related.

PMID- 6438633
TI  - Enhancer-dependent expression of human kappa immunoglobulin genes introduced into
      mouse pre-B lymphocytes by electroporation.
AB  - We have developed a general method for introducing cloned genes into mammalian
      cells that affords substantial benefits over current technology. It is simple,
      rapid, and applicable to many (perhaps all) cell types, including those that are
      refractory to traditional transfection procedures. The method involves exposure
      of a suspension of cells and cloned DNA to a high-voltage electric discharge. In
      a model application of this transfection procedure, we have studied the
      expression of cloned human and mouse Ig kappa genes stably introduced into mouse
      pre-B cells and fibroblasts. We find that there is a B-cell-specific enhancer
      activator region in the J-C intron of the human kappa gene that is necessary for
      efficient transcription of the cloned gene in mouse pre-B lymphocytes. This
      suggests that both the DNA element and the proteins required for its regulatory
      activity have been highly conserved in evolution and that these elements operate
      at the pre-B-cell stage of immunocyte development, a stage that precedes
      productive kappa gene rearrangement.

PMID- 6438634
TI  - Immunoglobulin heavy chain toxicity in plasma cells is neutralized by fusion to
      pre-B cells.
AB  - A plasma cell hybridoma frequently loses its immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain
      spontaneously but rarely is production of its light (L) chain lost. Upon fusion
      to a pre-B-cell hybridoma that produces no Ig chain, the L chain is frequently
      lost. In cells without the L chain the H chain, which is derived from the plasma
      cell, is not chemically modified. Our results indicate that, in pre-B cells, but
      not in plasma cells, there must be a mechanism that neutralizes the toxic effect
      of free H chain.

PMID- 6438635
TI  - Antibodies of the secondary response can be expressed without switch
      recombination in normal mouse B cells.
AB  - A few percent of mouse splenocytes express isotypes characteristic of the
      secondary response together with IgM, and some cells express these isotypes
      alone. We isolated populations of small memory cells that express (i) IgM but not
      IgG1, (ii) IgM but not IgA, (iii) IgM and IgG1, (iv) IgM and IgA, and (v) IgG1
      but not IgM. We have analyzed their DNA to show that there has been no switch
      recombination or deletion in the Ig constant region (C) genes. Using sandwich RNA
      hybridizations, we have found that cells expressing IgG1 contain nuclear RNAs
      that have both C mu and C gamma 1 sequences, and that cells expressing IgA
      contain nuclear RNAs that have both C mu and C alpha sequences. We propose that
      the expression of an isotype characteristic of the secondary response in memory
      cells is accomplished by alternative RNA processing of large (up to 180
      kilobases) nuclear RNA transcripts that span the heavy chain gene locus.

PMID- 6438636
TI  - myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate stimulates protein phosphorylation in saponin
      permeabilized human platelets.
AB  - In an attempt to establish a system with physiological substrates and
      phospholipid surfaces to investigate Ca2+- and 1,2-diacylglycerol-dependent
      protein kinase C activation, saponized platelets were used. Saponin, through
      interaction with plasma membrane cholesterol, makes cells permeable without major
      disruption of organelles. Washed platelets, prelabeled with 32P, were treated
      with 1-50 micrograms of saponin per ml. Permeabilization was evident at a
      concentration of 10 micrograms of saponin per ml, as indicated by the action of
      extracellular Ca2+ on the phosphorylation of the 20,000- and 40,000-Da proteins.
      These proteins are, respectively, the substrates for myosin light chain kinase
      and protein kinase C. Activation of these enzymes occurred when the estimated
      free [Ca2+] was changed from approximately equal to 80 nM to 300 nM. The effect
      of Ca2+ on kinase C-induced phosphorylation was potentiated by 1,2
      didecanoylglycerol (1 microM). myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (5-20 microM)
      increased phosphorylation of the 20,000- and 40,000-Da proteins. This action was
      time and concentration dependent. The effect of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
      on the activation of kinase C was additive with 1,2-didecanoylglycerol. The
      action of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate could be due to mobilization of Ca2+
      from platelet organelles and/or to a direct effect on protein kinases.

PMID- 6438637
TI  - Anti-mRNA: specific inhibition of translation of single mRNA molecules.
AB  - A plasmid was constructed to generate RNA complementary to the beta-galactosidase
      mRNA under control of the phage lambda PL promoter. When this anti-mRNA was
      produced, synthesis of beta-galactosidase was dramatically inhibited (98%).
      Syntheses of galactoside permease and transacetylase, whose coding sequences are
      downstream of the beta-galactosidase coding region, are inhibited to a lesser
      degree, 80% and 55%, respectively. The generation of anti-mRNA that can be
      targeted to inhibit a single species of mRNA molecule within cells provides a
      potent mechanism by which specific transcripts can be translationally
      inactivated. This can be used to determine the function of proteins as well as to
      select cloned genes in a single rapid and convenient step.

PMID- 6438638
TI  - Therapeutic use of mitomycin C in bladder cancer.

PMID- 6438639
TI  - Intravesical chemotherapy.

PMID- 6438640
TI  - Intravesical treatment with thiotepa: an update review.

PMID- 6438641
TI  - Adjuvant radiotherapy in Ta, T1 and T2 bladder tumors after transurethral
      resection--a retrospective study.

PMID- 6438642
TI  - Management of superficial bladder carcinoma with BCG. Long term follow-up.

PMID- 6438643
TI  - Therapy of bladder tumors with the neodymium-YAG laser--a critical assessment.

PMID- 6438644
TI  - Resume of selected studies of the National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A
      and new protocols.

PMID- 6438645
TI  - Definitive and adjunctive external irradiation in bladder cancer without radical
      cystectomy.
AB  - The retrospective study of 150 bladder tumor cases from I.P.O. (Madrid) that had
      received a total dose of 5,000 rads of radiotherapy and a minimum 3-year follow
      up without subsequent radical surgery is presented. During 1974-1978 all those
      cases that complied with the minimum requirements were selected. Radiotherapy
      effectiveness has not been defined. In this series we report the natural
      evolution of patients with this final treatment. The fact that invasive bladder
      tumors will become downstaged following irradiation is well known. The percentage
      varies from 10-40 percent within a short period of time after radiotherapy. The
      time of response, the possibility of relapse, the prevention of new tumors and
      the delay in the evolution and disease progression have not been well
      established. Thus, we have tried to analyze in our series, the time period of
      tumor relapse in the superficial tumor group, the influence of radiotherapy, as
      well as the overall survival. In the advanced tumor group, we have examined the
      response of the tumor to radiotherapy, its lasting period, and survivals. In
      clinic, a high number of patients with invasive bladder tumor do not undergo
      total surgery because of the frequent high surgery risk, old age, patient
      refusal, or indecision by the surgeon. Sometimes the real aggressiveness of the
      tumors is not apparent initially, or, at diagnosis, the disease has advanced to a
      stage that precludes effective surgery. In view of the results of chemotherapy in
      advanced bladder tumors, definitive radiotherapy in older patients with frequent
      renal dysfunction can result in frequent control of hematuria as well as tumor
      regression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438646
TI  - Pharmacological manipulation of 2,3 DPG levels and oxygen affinity.

PMID- 6438647
TI  - In vitro inhibition of the human malaria parasite by selected lipophilic
      chelators.

PMID- 6438648
TI  - An hypothesis on the evolution of human placental alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6438649
TI  - A comparison of the inhibitory effects of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate on
      bronchial responses to house dust, with special reference to the late asthmatic
      response.
AB  - Ten patients with allergic asthma were studied to compare the inhibitory effects
      of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate on bronchial responses, especially the
      late asthmatic response, induced by house dust allergen in bronchial provocation
      tests. In the first study, types of bronchial response to house dust challenge
      were classified from peak expiratory flow rate measurements made at intervals
      after the test. Nine patients showed dual asthmatic response (immediate with
      isolated late response) and 1 patient showed isolated late asthmatic response.
      The tests were treated at 1-week intervals, patients having been premedicated
      from the night before the test with either ketotifen (3 X 2 mg oral doses) or
      disodium cromoglycate (3 X 40 mg by inhalation). The results showed that both
      drugs produced significant protection against the immediate bronchial response
      and that ketotifen was at least as effective as disodium cromoglycate in
      inhibiting the late asthmatic response.

PMID- 6438650
TI  - The role of sodium valproate as an anti-manic agent.
AB  - Seven manic patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of Feighner et al. who
      had not responded to previous treatment with lithium and neuroleptics were
      commenced on sodium valproate after their symptomatology had been rated on the In
      patient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale. Dosage was adjusted up to a maximum
      of 1500 mg sodium valproate per day. After 6 weeks, 5 patients showed a definite
      clinical improvement which was further confirmed by the psychometric evaluation.
      The results suggest that the anticonvulsant drug sodium valproate may have anti
      manic activity.

PMID- 6438651
TI  - Inhibitory activity of indobufen (*) on platelet aggregation in vivo.
AB  - Indobufen, administered by gavage, reduced mortality induced in mice and rabbits
      by intravenous injection of arachidonic acid (A.A.). The doses of compound
      required to protect 50% of the mice and rabbits from death (ED50) were 1.3 and
      0.58 mg/kg respectively. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was considerably less active
      than indobufen (ED50 = 22.4 and 8 mg/kg). Since the lethal effect of A.A. is
      mostly due to the formation of platelet aggregates (Silver et al., 1974; Kohler
      et al., 1976), it is concluded that indobufen is a very potent inhibitor of
      platelet aggregation in vivo.

PMID- 6438652
TI  - Cardiac denervation supersensitivity produced in guinea pigs by 6-hydroxy
      dopamine.
AB  - The effects of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) on the
      sensitivity of guinea-pig heart to catecholamines were studied. Heart rate at
      rest and chronotropic effects of catecholamines remained unchanged after chemical
      sympathectomy, while the arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine
      and isoprenaline were potentiated markedly. Our results indicate that chemical
      sympathectomy with 6-OH-DA produced post synaptic denervation supersensitivity in
      the heart ventricles.

PMID- 6438653
TI  - Evidence for the lack of serotonergic mechanism in the regulation of blood-brain
      barrier.
AB  - Role of serotonergic mechanism in the regulation of blood-brain barrier in
      anaesthetised cats and dogs has been investigated. In cats, the circulant used
      was Evans blue. The drugs as well as the circulant were administered through the
      left carotid artery. The staining of the brain substance was scored at autopsy. 5
      Hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 5-HT uptake-inhibitors,
      citalopram and fluvoxamine, as well as normal saline produced no staining whereas
      hypertonic sodium chloride solution produced significant staining of the brain
      substance. In experiments on dogs, sodium fluorescein was injected intravenously
      and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected through a needle put in the
      cisterna magna for estimation of the dye. Normal saline, 5-HT, citalopram,
      fluvoxamine and methysergide failed to affect the entry of sodium fluorescein in
      the CSF while hypertonic sodium chloride solution increased it significantly.
      Furthermore, 5-HT did not affect the increased entry of sodium fluorescein
      induced by hypertonic sodium chloride. It is concluded that serotonergic
      mechanism does not play a significant role in the regulation of blood-brain
      barrier.

PMID- 6438654
TI  - The pharmacology and clinical uses of tamoxifen.

PMID- 6438655
TI  - The phototoxicity of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (POP) and 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2
      yl)benzene (POPOP).

PMID- 6438656
TI  - Paramagnetic contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging: research at
      Vanderbilt University.
AB  - Experimental studies in animals have demonstrated the application of particulate
      and chelated paramagnetic oral contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (at
      0.5 tesla). The ability of a soluble paramagnetic species, ferrous gluconate, to
      improve imaging studies of the pancreas presently is being evaluated in clinical
      trials. Two paramagnetic metal ion chelates, Cr EDTA and Gd DTPA, have been
      evaluated extensively as potential intravascular contrast agents. Renal function,
      tissue vascularity, abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier, and infarction of
      myocardial tissue may all be assessed with IV contrast enhanced magnetic
      resonance imaging. The contrast materials tested all represent first generation
      compounds. Improved relaxation characteristics, toxicity, distribution, and
      flexibility will result from development of second generation agents, primarily
      within the particulate and chelate classes.

PMID- 6438657
TI  - The use of iron and gadolinium chelates as NMR contrast agents: animal and human
      studies.
AB  - Rapid development of paramagnetic NMR contrast agents has occurred over the past
      3 years. Useful agents include chelates of iron and gadolinium. Gadolinium-DTPA
      was used safely in 23 human subjects with brain tumors, hepatic tumors and cysts,
      and a variety of abdominal and pelvic tumors. Various patterns of contrast
      enhancement were noted. These agents can radically alter NMR image contrast.
      Optimum doses, pulse sequences and timing of imaging remain to be determined.

PMID- 6438658
TI  - Small intestine biopotentials in rats after hypokinesia.
AB  - In order to study the effect of hypokinesia on rats' small intestine
      biopotentials it was first necessary to characterize it. Biopotentials were
      recorded by intracellulary microelectrodes from oral and caudal segments of the
      small intestine. The morphology of rat's small intestine biopotentials differs
      from that of other species (man, cat, rabbit, dog, e.a.) the slow waves being
      smaller and the frequency of basal electrical rhythm higher (approximately 31.23
      c/min oraly and approximately 24.50 aboraly), and by waxing and waning waves that
      are more frequently encountered suggesting a greater number of plateaus
      potentials. Spike potentials are inscribed on the descending slope of the slow
      waves but delayed in each successive wave with a regular interval. Hypokinesia
      obtained by introducing rats in small cages for two weeks, increases the slow
      waves amplitude. Frequency of basic electric rhythm and other parameters are not
      specifically changed.

PMID- 6438659
TI  - The influence of adenosine upon thermoalgesic sensitivity.

PMID- 6438660
TI  - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the carbohydrate metabolism of skeletal and heart
      muscles in rest and during exercise.
AB  - A mild 10 min exercise, induced by "in vivo" electrical stimulation of the rat
      gastrocnemius, causes decreases of the muscle glycogen content (G) and
      phosphorylase alpha activity (PA), and an increase of its overall glycolytic
      capacity (OGC); in the myocardium, PA decrease of liver glycogen were brought
      about by peripheral administration of 6-OHDA; these were probably also related to
      tissue hypoxia. Modifications elicited by exercise in 6-OHDA treated rats
      (increase of PA, but no modification of G and OGC in GM; decrease of G in the
      liver; decrease of OGC in M) suggest some impairments of the ability to adapt the
      tissue metabolism to increased energetic needs.

PMID- 6438661
TI  - [Effect of a Bucarest-New York transmeridian flight and return on urinary
      catecholamines].

PMID- 6438662
TI  - [Analytical ionic microscopy of biological sections].

PMID- 6438663
TI  - [Polycationic condensation of the cell surface. Glycolemma compartmentation and
      the mechanism of action of polyamine regulation].

PMID- 6438664
TI  - [Results of the acoustic stimulation of guinea pigs by different spectra and
      levels of intense noise].

PMID- 6438665
TI  - [Functional effects of the chemical modification of membrane proteins].

PMID- 6438666
TI  - [Electrical response latency of the retina in the frog under different
      experimental conditions].

PMID- 6438667
TI  - Forelimb and hindlimb stepping by the anesthetized rat elicited by electrical
      stimulation of the diencephalon and mesencephalon.
AB  - Thirty rats anesthetized with a combination of chloralose, urethane and nembutal
      or nembutal alone were fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus and suspended over a
      moving treadmill belt. Electrical stimulation (100 microA, 10-sec trains, 0.5
      msec cathodal pulses, 50-Hz pulse frequency) was applied every 200-microns
      through 109 movable electrodes. The patterns of stepping elicited ranged from
      well-coordinated stepping of all four limbs to spastic stepping of only one limb.
      In the hypothalamus, stepping-positive sites were found in and dorsal to the
      medial forebrain bundle, the paraventricular, dorsomedial and posterior nuclei,
      and the supramammillary areas. Dorsally, effective regions extended to the medial
      zona incerta and the fields of Forel. In the thalamus only the parafascicular
      nucleus and the anterior parts of the rhomboid and reuniens nuclei were positive.
      Positive sites were particularly dense in the ventral tegmental area. In the
      dorsal midbrain positive sites were most common at caudal levels dorsal and
      dorsolateral to the central gray. At sites in the area of the medial raphe,
      stepping was elicited only at the offset of the train. The distribution of
      positive sites resembled that found in unanesthetized rats and indicates that
      pathways at which electrical stimulation elicits stepping are separated into
      dorsal and ventral systems at the level of the midbrain.

PMID- 6438668
TI  - Effect of l-dopa or bromocriptine on feeding and motor behavior of rats with
      lesions in the globus pallidus.
AB  - Rats were lesioned bilaterally in the globus pallidus (GP) with anodal current or
      6-OHDA, and were observed in various motor tests 10 min daily for 3 weeks. Body
      weight, home cage water and food intakes were recorded daily under two different
      food accessibility conditions. The lesions produced adipsia, aphagia, loss of
      body weight and motor impairments which could not be reversed by either l-dopa or
      bromocriptine. Animals could be made to recover, however, by making food easily
      accessible and palatable. The results do not support a "metabolic" role for the
      GP but support the idea that aphagia, adipsia and mortality is due to motoric
      impairments produced by the lesion.

PMID- 6438670
TI  - [Nutrition of the severely ill].

PMID- 6438669
TI  - Changes in the vulnerable period of the rat myocardium during hypoxia,
      hyperventilation and heart failure.
AB  - Changes in the duration and size of the vulnerable period of the myocardium in
      the presence of respiratory changes were studied in acute experiments on rats.
      The limits of the vulnerable period were determined by directly stimulating the
      heart during ventilation via the enlarged respiratory dead space, during
      hyperventilation and during heart failure. In the control group (normal
      ventilation without enlargement of the dead space), the vulnerable period lasted
      5.7 +/- 0.76 ms. During ventilation via the enlarged dead space, hypercapnic
      hypoxaemia developed and the vulnerable period was markedly prolonged (18.55 +/-
      5.29 ms) by a shift of its inner limit to the left. Hyperventilation caused
      normoxic to hyperoxic hypocapnia and markedly reduced the duration of the
      vulnerable period (8.17 +/- 2.21 and 9.31 +/- 2.38 ms respectively). The
      vulnerable period lengthened the most in heart failure (25.46 +/- 3.93), mainly
      as a result of a shift of its outer limit. In all the experimental groups there
      was a shift of the vulnerable period to the right, which was fastest in
      hypercapnic hypoxaemia and slowest in hyperoxic hypocapnia. The administration of
      Inderal (3 mg/kg i.p.) or Arfonad (50 mg/kg i.p.) markedly shortened the
      vulnerable period during hypercapnic hypoxaemia (9.87 +/- 2.78 and 9.32 +/- 2.16
      ms respectively), but did not block the shift. Lengthening of the vulnerable
      period during hypercapnic hypoxaemia was probably due to activation of
      sympathetic nerves via beta-adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 6438671
TI  - TRH-induced prolactin release is blunted in females with endogenous unipolar
      major depression.
AB  - Twenty-five women with unipolar primary major depressive disorder (20 endogenous,
      5 nonendogenous) and 20 female control subjects were studied with the thyrotropin
      releasing hormone stimulation test (TRH-ST). Prolactin (PRL) levels were measured
      before and after TRH administration for patients and control subjects. For
      patients, thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) levels were measured
      from the same serum specimens as PRL levels, and the 1 mg dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) was performed. Patients with endogenous depression (ED)
      had significantly lower maximal serum PRL levels (max PRL) following TRH, and a
      significantly reduced increase over basal serum PRL (delta max PRL) compared to
      normal controls (NC). Nonendogenous depressed (NED) patients did not differ
      significantly from the ED or NC groups on either of these measures. For the ED
      group, delta max PRL was inversely correlated with severity of depressive
      symptomatology. Basal PRL levels did not differentiate the depressed subgroups
      (ED, NED) from each other or from the NC group. Depressed patients with blunted
      delta max PRL values tended to have blunted delta max TSH values and vice versa.
      Almost all patients with blunting of either delta max PRL or delta max TSH were
      also DST nonsuppressors; conversely, only about half (7 of 12) of patients who
      were DST nonsuppressors had either blunted delta max PRL or delta max TSH.
      Patients with clinical diagnoses of melancholia or psychotic features were
      significantly more likely to have blunted delta max PRL values than patients
      without these diagnoses. A disturbance of central noradrenergic function could
      explain these findings.

PMID- 6438672
TI  - Relative abuse liability of diazepam and oxazepam: behavioral and subjective dose
      effects.
AB  - The effects of diazepam (10-160 mg) and oxazepam (30-480 mg) were studied in
      volunteers with histories of drug abuse. Oral doses were administered every third
      day under double-blind and counterbalanced conditions. Dose-effects with area
      under the time-action curve data (AUC) showed diazepam to be 2.6-5.7-times more
      potent than oxazepam on various psychomotor, cognitive, staff-rated, and
      subjective measures. Comparison of relative potencies showed diazepam to be
      relatively more potent in producing 'liking' than in producing psychomotor and
      cognitive effects. Diazepam produced greater peak effects than oxazepam on a
      number of staff- and subject-rated measures, including liking. Onset of effect
      was more rapid and time to maximal effect was shorter (1-2 h versus 4-12 h) with
      diazepam than oxazepam, while time to offset of effect was similar for the two
      drugs. Diazepam was categorized as producing barbiturate-like subjective effects
      (38.3%) more frequently than was oxazepam (13.8%), while oxazepam was identified
      as placebo more often than diazepam. Repeated administration of 160 mg diazepam
      and 480 mg oxazepam showed that AUC liking was greater for diazepam than oxazepam
      and that tolerance to psychomotor and cognitive effects occurred with oxazepam
      but not diazepam. This study suggests that diazepam may have a higher abuse
      liability than oxazepam.

PMID- 6438673
TI  - Effects of antidepressants on the uptake and release of norepinephrine from rat
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effects of several antidepressants on the release of (3H)-norepinephrine (NE)
      from homogenates of rat cerebral cortex were studied. A continuous superfusion
      collection system was used in order to differentiate these effects from effects
      on reuptake. Amitriptyline, maprotiline, mianserin, and trazodone produced a
      statistically significant decrease in spontaneous tritium efflux when present in
      the superfusion medium at a concentration of 1.0 microM. The other
      antidepressants studied had no effect. We used a buffer with the K+ concentration
      raised to 56 mM as a model of depolarization-induced release. Desipramine,
      fluoxetine, and iprindole (again at 1.0 microM) caused a significant decrease in
      this measure. These results indicate that some of both the tricyclic and atypical
      antidepressants may alter spontaneous or depolarization-induced release of NE.

PMID- 6438674
TI  - Diazepam and memory: retrograde facilitation produced by interference reduction.
AB  - Although diazepam (Valium) reduces learning and memory of information presented
      after administration (anterograde amnesia), in some cases it improves retention
      of predrug information (retrograde facilitation). Three experiments examined the
      magnitude and the conditions for producing retrograde facilitation and tested
      three hypotheses about the cause of memory enhancement. Differential effort and
      enhanced consolidation explanations were rejected in favor of a reduced
      interference interpretation. Improvement in predrug memory occurs because poor
      postdrug learning reduces the amount of new information available to interfere
      with prior learning.

PMID- 6438675
TI  - Restrained rats learn amphetamine-conditioned locomotion, but not place
      preference.
AB  - The relationship between the motor-activating and positive-reinforcing properties
      of d-amphetamine was examined in the place-preference paradigm. Two groups of
      animals were trained to associate one environment with amphetamine, and another
      environment with saline. Animals that were allowed to locomote in both
      environments during training later demonstrated a preference for the amphetamine
      paired environment; animals in which hyperactivity was limited in both
      environments later failed to show any preference. However, both groups of animals
      demonstrated a conditioned locomotor activation to the amphetamine-associated
      environments. Our results suggest that a place-preference demonstrated for an
      amphetamine-paired environment depends on the ability of the drug to increase
      locomotor behavior.

PMID- 6438676
TI  - Destruction of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuates cocaine
      but not heroin self-administration in rats.
AB  - The hypothesis that separate neural systems mediate the reinforcing properties of
      opioid and psychomotor stimulant drugs was tested by examining the role of
      mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons in maintaining intravenous heroin and cocaine
      self-administration. After local destruction of the DA terminals in the nucleus
      accumbens (NAcc) with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), rats trained to self-administer
      cocaine and heroin on alternate days were observed for changes in their drug
      seeking behaviors. Postlesion responding for cocaine showed a time-dependent
      decrease or extinction, whereas heroin self-administration showed a time
      dependent recovery. By the fifth trial postlesion, heroin self-administration had
      recovered to 76% of prelesion baseline levels, but cocaine self-administration
      had dropped to 30% of prelesion baseline rates. Thus, selective lesions of the DA
      terminals in the nucleus accumbens significantly attenuate cocaine but not heroin
      self-administration. These data support the hypothesis that independent neural
      substrates are responsible for the reinforcing actions of these two drugs.

PMID- 6438677
TI  - Effects of acute marijuana smoking on pulse rate and mood states in women.
AB  - The effects of marijuana cigarette (1.8% THC) smoking on pulse rate and mood were
      studied under double-blind placebo-controlled conditions in 28 adult female
      volunteers during the follicular, luteal, and ovulatory phases of the menstrual
      cycle. Statistically significant increases in pulse rate, subjective levels of
      intoxication, and the POMS confusion factor occurred after marijuana smoking.
      However, no statistically significant differences for any measure were observed
      following marijuana smoking as a function of menstrual cycle phase. Subjects with
      a past history of intermittent marijuana use (five or less times weekly) had
      significantly higher pulse rates, subjective levels of intoxication, and POMS
      confusion factor scores than did subjects with a past history of regular (six or
      more times weekly) marijuana use. Persistence of marijuana-induced changes in
      pulse rate, intoxication, and confusion were also of longer duration for subjects
      with a past history of intermittent marijuana smoking. The influence of past
      history of marijuana use on marijuana-induced alterations in pulse rate,
      intoxication, and mood for females appears to be similar to males. These
      similarities are not attenuated as a function of the menstrual-cycle phase of
      females.

PMID- 6438678
TI  - Cerebromicrocirculatory defects in animal model of depression.
AB  - In the tetrabenazine (TBZ) model of depression, the cerebromicrocirculation was
      discovered to respond abnormally to metabolic demand as mimicked by the
      administration of CO2. Altered responsivity of cerebral blood flow and effective
      permeability of the blood--brain barrier to changes in PaCO2 were found. These
      physiologic defects coincided temporally with TBZ-induced depletion of central
      norepinephrine and dopamine and with the development of the behavioral effects of
      TBZ (the end points used to test the antidepressant potential of experimental
      drugs). Pretreatment with amitriptyline (a standard antidepressant and amine
      reuptake inhibitor) prevented the development of these TBZ-induced abnormalities
      in the cerebromicrocirculation, just as it prevented the behavioral effects.

PMID- 6438679
TI  - Attention, memory, and cigarette smoking.
AB  - Four experiments tested the effects of smoking one cigarette on verbal memory and
      attention. In Experiment I, 18 men were tested under three conditions in a
      repeated-measures design (pretrial smoking, posttrial smoking, no smoking).
      Recall of a 50-word list was tested immediately and after intervals of 10 and 45
      min. Pretrial smoking resulted in improved recall 10 and 45 min after learning,
      but not immediately. Posttrial smoking was ineffectual. In Experiment II, three
      posttrial smoking intervals (1, 5, and 30 min after presentation of a 20-word
      list) were compared with pretrial smoking and no smoking using a between-subjects
      design. The 76 light, moderate, and heavy smokers in Experiment II smoked a 1.38
      mg nicotine cigarette and were tested 24 h later. Improved recall occurred for
      pretrial smoking, but not for any posttrial smoking interval and for light and
      moderate smokers only. Experiment III compared a low (0.40 mg) and high (1.38 mg)
      level of nicotine cigarette in light and heavy smokers using pretrial smoking.
      The high-nicotine cigarette resulted in improved recall for both immediate- and
      delayed-recall tests. The low-nicotine cigarette was less effective. Light and
      heavy smokers differed in effect of smoking on heart rate, but not in effect of
      smoking on recall. Experiment IV found no effect of smoking on depth of
      processing. The possible mechanisms by which nicotine affects recall are
      discussed.

PMID- 6438680
TI  - The behavioral and biochemical effects of lithium on dopaminergic agonist-induced
      supersensitivity.
AB  - Dopaminergic behavioral supersensitivity may be induced by chronic treatment with
      either dopaminergic agonists or antagonists. We demonstrate that the development
      of agonist-induced supersensitivity is resistant to chronic lithium exposure.
      Furthermore, chronic lithium alone enhances the stereotypic response to acute
      dopamine agonist administration and this effect of lithium summates with the
      behavioral augmentation caused by chronic amphetamine exposure. Although marked
      dopamine-related behavioral changes occur, chronic treatment with amphetamine,
      lithium, or both had no effect on levels of DA, DOPAC, HVA, and 3MT in either the
      striatum or nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that chronic amphetamine
      treatment with or without lithium does not affect presynaptic dopamine metabolism
      as assessed by metabolite levels. Furthermore, amphetamine-induced behavioral
      supersensitivity is not a simple function of changes in dopamine metabolism.

PMID- 6438681
TI  - Cerebral and blood pharmacokinetics of imipramine and its active metabolites in
      the pregnant rat.
AB  - A single IP dose of imipramine (IMI) was administered to pregnant rats. Whole
      blood, plasma, and brain concentrations of IMI, desipramine (DMI), and their 2
      hydroxylated metabolites were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography
      and quantified by fluorescence detection. IMI and DMI rapidly appeared in brain
      tissue in concentrations greatly exceeding those in whole blood and plasma. The
      much higher concentration and longer persistence of DMI in brain compared to IMI
      suggests that the predominant central effects from administered IMI result from
      biotransformation to DMI. The metabolite: "parent" area under the curve ratios
      for the hydroxylated metabolites indicate that their contribution to the
      pharmacologic effects of IMI and DMI are probably negligible.

PMID- 6438682
TI  - Tobacco withdrawal symptoms: an experimental analysis.
AB  - This study was a prospective examination of tobacco withdrawal symptoms in a
      controlled environment. Smokers (N = 27) were hospitalized for a 7-day period
      during which a battery of tests was administered. Smokers were assigned to either
      an experimental group (N = 20) or a control group (N = 7). Subjects in the
      experimental group smoked ad libitum for a 3-day baseline period and then
      underwent 4 days of tobacco deprivation. Subjects in the control group continued
      to smoke ad libitum throughout the study. Of the 37 measures of tobacco
      withdrawal employed in this study, nine showed significant changes following
      tobacco deprivation. These changes include decreased heart rate and increased
      caloric intake, weight, craving for tobacco, confusion, depression-dejection,
      number of awakenings, duration of awakenings, and increased poor concentrations
      as observed by others.

PMID- 6438683
TI  - Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on depressive symptoms in schizophrenic
      patients--relationship to drug concentrations.
AB  - Schizophrenic patients were treated with fixed doses of sulpiride (800 mg/day) or
      chlorpromazine (CPZ) (400 mg/day) over a period of 8 weeks using a double-blind
      design. There were 25 patients in each group and all the patients were in an
      acute phase of their disease. They all fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria
      (RDC) for schizophrenia. Depressive symptoms as rated according to the
      Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) were present in the patients
      before treatment was started. The depressive and psychotic symptoms in both
      groups decreased in parallel during the whole period of treatment. Patients in
      the sulpiride group recovered more quickly from depressive symptoms than patients
      in the CPZ group. It was also found that patients with low concentrations of
      sulpiride or CPZ in serum recovered more completely from depressive symptoms and
      had fewer extrapyramidal side effects than patients with high drug
      concentrations.

PMID- 6438684
TI  - Effects of the two antidepressant drugs mianserin and indalpine on the
      serotonergic system: single-cell studies in the rat.
AB  - Several antidepressant treatments enhance serotonergic neurotransmission. The
      present electrophysiological studies were undertaken to assess the effect of
      mianserin and indalpine, two antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological
      profiles, on serotonergic neurotransmission. In a first series of experiments,
      the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to microiontophoretic
      applications of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) was assessed following mianserin, imipramine (5 mg/kg/day IP) or saline
      administration for 14 days. At 48 h after the last dose of mianserin,
      responsiveness to 5-HT was increased whereas that to NE and GABA was not
      modified. The degree of sensitization to 5-HT was the same as that produced by
      imipramine. Acute IV administration of mianserin (up to 10 mg/kg) did not
      decrease the firing rate of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons. In a second series of
      experiments, long-term administration of indalpine (5 mg/kg/day IP for 14 days)
      did not modify the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to
      microiontophoretically applied 5-HT, NE and GABA whereas imipramine treatment (5
      mg/kg/day IP) increased selectively their sensitivity to 5-HT when compared to
      indalpine-treated rats. In keeping with its potent reuptake-blocking property,
      acute IV indalpine produced a marked decrease in the firing rate of dorsal raphe
      5-HT neurons (ED50 0.33 mg/kg). The firing rate of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons was
      assessed following 2-, 7- and 14-day treatments with indalpine (5 mg/day IP).
      After 2 days, the firing rate of 5-HT neurons was greatly reduced, after 7 days
      it had recovered partially and after 14 days it had returned to normal.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438685
TI  - Higher correlation of ethanol consumption with brain than liver aldehyde
      dehydrogenase in three strains of rats.
AB  - Voluntary ethanol consumption and high Km (mM range) brain and liver aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were measured in male rats of the Long-Evans,
      Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains. The total amounts of ethanol consumed by the
      three strains did not differ significantly, nor did the levels of cerebral ALDH
      activity. Levels of brain ALDH did not differ as a function of ethanol exposure
      and across strains. Levels of ethanol consumption correlated better with levels
      of brain than liver aldehyde-oxidizing capacity, which were tested separately for
      each strain and also combining all the animals. Inherent variation in brain ALDH
      may be a biochemical counterpart of observed differences in voluntary ethanol
      intake within strains.

PMID- 6438686
TI  - Effects of two antidepressants on memory performance in depressed outpatients: a
      double-blind study.
AB  - Forty outpatients with primary depression were randomly assigned on a double
      blind basis to treatment with amitriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant) or
      clovoxamine (a nontricyclic, experimental antidepressant). Memory and depression
      were assessed during a pretreatment baseline period and at the end of days 4, 7,
      and 28 of drug treatment. A signal detection recognition memory task and
      conventional memory measures (including the Benton Visual Retention, Wechsler
      Logical Memory, and verbal learning tests) were used to assess memory. Although
      both drugs led to comparable clinical improvement in depression, they affected
      memory performance differently. The signal detection recognition memory task
      detected an impairment in memory after chronic amitriptyline administration, as
      contrasted with an improvement in memory after chronic administration of
      clovoxamine. The memory impairment in the amitriptyline group and improvement in
      the clovoxamine group were the result of changes in sensitivity [P(A)]. No
      changes in response bias (B) were detected. Conventional memory tests failed to
      detect drug-related differences in memory between the two groups. On the Benton,
      errors decreased over time within both drug treatment groups, whereas correct
      reproductions increased within the amitriptyline group only. However, between
      group differences on the Benton did not reach significance. Results from the
      signal detection task suggest an amitriptyline-associated memory impairment.
      However, this interpretation is tempered by the finding that conventional memory
      measures failed to detect differences in memory performance between the two
      groups. We discuss the limitations of traditional memory measures and the utility
      of a signal detection approach in studies of psychopharmacologic influences on
      memory.

PMID- 6438687
TI  - How do tranquilizing agents selectively inhibit conditioned avoidance responding?
AB  - A number of tranquilizing agents have been shown to inhibit conditioned avoidance
      responses (CAR) at doses that do not interfere with escape responses (ER). To
      test the hypothesis that this selective action may be due to differential
      response strengths of the two responses, rats were trained to press retractable
      levers in an operant chamber either to avoid a 0.5 mA shock during a 5.0-s
      warning period or to escape from a low-intensity shock within 5.0 s. The
      intensity of the latter shock was adjusted for each animal so that CAR and ER
      were comparable in terms of probability of occurrence and latency. While doses of
      chlorpromazine, clonidine, diazepam, and morphine that reduced CAR by 30%-50% did
      not significantly affect high-shock ER, i.e., ER on CAR trials where no CAR
      occurred, they interfered with low-shock ER to the same degree as CAR. These and
      other results suggest that the selective blockade of the CAR by these drugs in
      the CAR paradigm is primarily due to differential strengths of the CAR and ER.
      They also support studies concluding that tranquilizing drugs reduce avoidance
      because of a deficit in the ability to initiate motor responses, rather than
      interfering with associative processes or reducing situation-induced emotional
      reactions. However, the finding of a small differential effect, at least with
      chlorpromazine, on CAR and low-shock ER across trials within sessions indicated
      that different mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of these two
      responses.

PMID- 6438688
TI  - Differential effects of haloperidol and clozapine on attention.
AB  - Haloperidol (0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg), the typical butyrophenone neuroleptic,
      decreased investigation of novel objects by gerbils following systemic
      injections. When given prior to apomorphine (1 or 3 mg/kg), haloperidol blocked
      apomorphine-induced disruption of selective attention in a dose-dependent manner.
      Thus, haloperidol acts like pimozide in this paradigm. In contrast, clozapine (0,
      0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg), the atypical dibenzodiazepine neuroleptic,
      increased frequency of investigation both soon after injection and 24h later,
      suggesting interference with maintenance of attention. When given with
      apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg), clozapine did not block apomorphine effects on selective
      attention. The results are related to differential effects of these neuroleptics
      on other behaviors and to their individual pharmacological profiles.

PMID- 6438689
TI  - Prediction of serum cortisol response to dexamethasone in normal volunteers: a
      multivariate approach.
AB  - Dexamethasone (DEX, 0.5 mg orally at 11 PM) challenge was used for the assessment
      of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in 20 normal volunteers. Age and
      pre-DEX serum cortisol levels were thee evaluated as predictors of postDEX serum
      cortisol levels using step-wise multiple regression analysis. Both age and preDEX
      serum cortisol levels were significant predictors of postDEX serum cortisol
      levels. It is suggested that the adjustment for age and preDEX serum cortisol
      level could be useful for the interpretation of abnormal postDEX levels.

PMID- 6438690
TI  - Assessment of symptom change from improvement curves on the Hamilton depression
      scale in trials with antidepressants.
AB  - A total of 97 patients, who participated in two studies on the relationship
      between the clinical effect and plasma levels of imipramine and clomipramine,
      were examined for improvement curves by use of weekly ratings on the Hamilton
      Depression Scale (HDS). Although we confirmed that our six-item HDS subscale, in
      contrast to the total 17-item HDS, was a one-dimensional measure of depression,
      the Rasch analysis showed that the weekly improvement in subscale scores only
      applied to the individual patient, i.e. an average improvement curve for a group
      of depressed patients is an abstraction to which the individual curves cannot be
      transferred. Our results indicate, however, that when the subscale scores are
      transformed into three clinical categories of depression: no, mild (minor),
      moderate/-severe (major) they could be described by a common improvement curve
      for all patients. This is illustrated by the percentage of patients who, week to
      week, changed from major to minor or no depression, or from minor to no
      depression. We found no specific improvement pattern for imipramine or
      clomipramine which could be used diagnostically. There is reason to assume that
      patients completing a controlled trial necessarily will follow a monotonic
      improvement curve, and the improvement pattern of all patients fulfilling the
      entry criteria should, therefore, always be reported. The present study thus
      indicates that calculation of average improvement curves is neither clinically
      nor statistically meaningful, and should be replaced by measures of changes in
      number of patients in different main severity categories, or by the final rating
      score. No difference in outcome between imipramine and clomipramine was shown
      neither on the subscale nor on the 17-item HDS.

PMID- 6438691
TI  - Long-lasting tolerance to stimulatory effects of perinatal caffeine treatment.
AB  - Pregnant rats were treated with caffeine in their drinking water at doses of
      136.3 mg/kg/day during gestation and 222.2 mg/kg/day during lactation. The
      resulting offspring at 60 days of age (40 days after drug withdrawal) were tested
      in an activity monitor cage. Spontaneous locomotor activity and that induced by
      caffeine (10, 30, 60 mg/kg/day) were observed. Treated rats showed apparent
      tolerance to caffeine-induced motility. Therefore perinatal caffeine treatment
      seems to induce long-lasting tolerance. This finding contrasts with those
      previously reported for chronic caffeine treatment in adult rats, where tolerance
      disappears after only 2-3 weeks following drug withdrawal.

PMID- 6438692
TI  - Behavioural responsiveness to muscimol and apomorphine 2 months after prolonged
      treatment with estradiol in rats.
AB  - Two months after prolonged administration of estradiol (ES) in female rats the
      behavioural responsiveness to muscimol, a GABA receptor stimulating agent, and to
      apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, was significantly altered. In
      particular, the decrease in locomotor activity induced by a challenge dose of
      muscimol (0.5-1 mg/kg) was significantly attenuated in ES-pretreated animals.
      Conversely, the intensity of stereotyped behaviour elicited by a challenge dose
      of apomorphine (1 mg/kg) was significantly increased in ES-pretreated rats. The
      behavioural alterations in the response to muscimol and apomorphine presumably
      result from the production of central GABA receptor subsensitivity and dopamine
      receptor supersensitivity respectively, induced by the prolonged ES
      administration.

PMID- 6438693
TI  - In vitro effects of psychotropic agents on the microviscosity of platelet
      membranes.
AB  - Normal platelet membranes were exposed in vitro to a variety of psychotropic
      agents, including chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, imipramine, and
      lithium. Changes in microviscosity of the hydrocarbon layer of the drug-exposed
      membranes were determined by steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements,
      employing the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH).
      Concentrations of the phenothiazines chlorpromazine and fluphenazine above 200 nM
      produced significant increases in microviscosity, while haloperidol produced a
      small but consistent decrease in microviscosity in the concentration range of 200
      nM to 200 microM. Imipramine and lithium were without effect. The phenothiazine
      induced increase in microviscosity was apparently dependent upon the structure of
      the phenothiazine nucleus; side chain structure was less important to this
      effect.

PMID- 6438694
TI  - Relative diagnostic potency of various laboratory findings in the acute stage of
      subacute nonsuppurative thyroiditis.

PMID- 6438695
TI  - [Reaction of thyrotropin and prolactin to TRH stimulation in the diagnosis of
      nodular thyroid gland hyperplasia].

PMID- 6438696
TI  - [Thyroid diagnosis today].
AB  - For functional diagnostics the FT4 index is calculated from the T4 and T3U
      values. Hyperthyroidism is suggested or borderline values are found; the T3 test
      is carried out. An index of free iodine hormones (IFIH) can be calculated.
      (formula; see text) Hypothyroidism and borderline cases require TSH evaluation or
      even a TRH test. T4 and T3 autoantibodies can cause high or low values in spite
      of euthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Differences in FT4 values are found if the
      kits used were not made by the same manufacturer. These values help to determine
      hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. The FT3 value is better than the TT3 value in
      determining T3 hyperthyroidism in borderline cases. Autonomy can be guaranteed by
      the 123 I short test or the 20-min 99 m Tc uptake test before and after
      administration of T4. Location diagnostics by scintigraphy after administration
      of 99m Tc or radioiodine determine localization, size, shape, and distribution of
      functioning thyroid tissue and metastases by iodine accumulation. This is imaging
      of biochemical processes. By ultrasonography, a physical method, cysts,
      disintegration cysts or parenchymal nodes can be recognized. X-ray films of the
      trachea can determine stenosis caused by a struma. In addition to the exact proof
      of an intrathoracal struma (front and back mediastine), a retrotracheal or
      retroesophageal thyroid gland can be seen on CT. RIA determination of the tumor
      markers calcitonin and TG supports the diagnosis of medullar and follicular or
      papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 6438697
TI  - Influence of cyclooxygenase blockade on responses to isoproterenol, bradykinin
      and nitroglycerin in the feline pulmonary vascular bed.
AB  - We investigated the effect of indomethacin on responses to isoproterenol,
      bradykinin and nitroglycerin in the feline pulmonary vascular bed when pulmonary
      vascular resistance was actively increased by infusion of U46619 in order to
      determine if vasodilator responses to these agents were dependent on the
      integrity of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Since pulmonary blood flow and left
      atrial pressure were held constant, changes in lobar arterial pressure directly
      reflect changes in lobar vascular resistance. Intralobar injections of
      isoproterenol, bradykinin, and nitroglycerin decreased lobar arterial pressure in
      a dose-related manner. Pulmonary vasodilator responses to the lower and midrange
      doses of bradykinin and nitroglycerin were unchanged in the presence of
      indomethacin whereas pulmonary responses to the highest doses of nitroglycerin
      and bradykinin were increased by cyclooxygenase blockade. In contrast, pulmonary
      vasodilator responses to isoproterenol were significantly attenuated in the
      presence of propranolol, whereas pulmonary vasodilator responses to bradykinin
      and nitroglycerin were unchanged after beta blockade. The present data indicate
      that isoproterenol, bradykinin, and nitroglycerin have significant vasodilator
      activity in the cat when pulmonary vascular tone is actively increased. These
      data suggest that the formation of vasodilator cyclooxygenase products such as
      PGI2 do not mediate vasodilator responses to isoproterenol, bradykinin, and
      nitroglycerin in the feline pulmonary vascular bed.

PMID- 6438698
TI  - 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in rat pineal gland.
AB  - A whole organ or a homogenate of rat pineal gland was incubated with arachidonic
      Acid. Two predominant metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry to be 12
      hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 10-hydroxy-11,12-epoxy-5,8,14
      eicosatrienoic acid. 15-Hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid was also formed
      in a smaller amount. In addition, peroxy acids appeared rapidly only at the
      initial stage of reaction. In various parts of rat brain the 12-lipoxygenase
      activity was by far the highest in pineal gland, and less than 5% of the activity
      was found in pituitary gland and hypothalamus.

PMID- 6438699
TI  - [Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers 1982].

PMID- 6438700
TI  - Storage and retrieval of radiological images using a laser video disk.
AB  - A laser video disk was used for recording radiographs and CT images. Although
      some deterioration of the image quality was observed in the stored radiographs,
      this drawback was compensated for by several advantages such as easy video
      recording, large storage capacity, random access to a desired image, and rapid
      retrieval and display on the monitor. Connection to a microcomputer further
      widened its applications in the area of education. Overall, the laser video disk
      was evaluated to be of practical use.

PMID- 6438701
TI  - An accurate and simple method for megavoltage radiation therapy of
      retinoblastoma.
AB  - A simple but highly accurate irradiation method for the "conservative" treatment
      of retinoblastoma has been developed at the Utrecht Retinoblastoma Centre.
      Treatment is carried out with a 6 MV or 8 MV linear accelerator using a lateral D
      shaped field of 26 X 32 mm2. This D-shaped field is specially contoured to
      include the entire retinal surface or vitreous and 10 mm of the anterior optic
      nerve and to protect the sensitive anterior structures of the eye, particularly
      the lens, as much as possible. Accurate positioning of the sharply collimated
      treatment field is easily done by magnetic fixation of the eye to the beam
      defining collimator by use of a low vacuum contact lens. As the fixed eye is
      located in the isocentre of the accelerator, the radiation beam can be directed
      at any angle by simple rotation of the gantry or table, without alteration of the
      position of the eye within the treatment field. Simultaneous irradiation of
      bilateral retinoblastoma is just as easily possible and can be done with the same
      accuracy by fixation of both eyes with contact lenses and alternately applying
      two opposing lateral fields. Prior to treatment, the axial dimensions of each eye
      are determined by ultrasonic biometry to ascertain the exact volume to be
      irradiated.

PMID- 6438702
TI  - Neutron beam characteristics from 50 MeV protons on beryllium using a
      continuously variable multi-leaf collimator.
AB  - The dose distributional properties of a p(50) Be neutron beam using a
      continuously variable multi-leaf collimator are presented and compared with a 6
      MV photon beam. The differences in physical dose delivery between these two
      radiation modalities are generally insignificant for radiation therapy, and
      stringent comparisons of neutron and photon treatments should therefore be
      possible. The flexibility in field shaping with the multi-leaf collimator opens
      new possibilities in the treatment of complex irregular target volumes. The
      collimator consists of 40 wedge-shaped leaves that are independently moved under
      computer control with their collimating surfaces always aligned with the
      effective radiation source to minimize the penumbra. The leaf collimator
      eliminates the need for handling of heavy insert collimators and beam blocks at
      the same time that it allows dynamic conformation therapy with neutrons.

PMID- 6438703
TI  - Radiation induced renal damage in mice: influence of overall treatment time.
AB  - The influence of overall treatment time on the radiation response of the mouse
      kidney was studied by varying the time over which 2 or 5 fractions of X-rays were
      administered. Two functional assays (urine output and 51Cr-EDTA excretion), and
      renal weight at sacrifice were used to obtain dose-response curves and estimate
      isoeffective doses. Split dose experiments showed Elkind recovery of about 5 Gy
      in 24 h. With a 7-day interval between fractions a transitory increase in
      isoeffect dose was observed in the first experiment. In the second, more
      extensive, experiment the recovered dose did not increase significantly even if
      the interval between two fractions was prolonged up to 25 days. Therefore, if
      slow repair occurred it was not worth more than 1 Gy because this was the limit
      of resolution of the assays used. As overall time was prolonged to 60 days an
      additional 1-2 Gy were recovered: it is difficult to explain this delayed sparing
      effect on the basis of a compensatory proliferative response, because the
      labelling indices of the likely target cells in the kidney are so low. Whatever
      the mechanisms involved, an increase in overall time had only a slight effect on
      isoeffect dose in these experiments and values for the "T" exponent were low (0.0
      0.09). Recovery from sublethal injury between fractions has a much larger effect.

PMID- 6438704
TI  - Current status of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian
      cancer with emphasis on CHAP-5.
AB  - In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, initial treatment with combination
      chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum diamminedichloride (cis
      platinum), produces response and progression-free survival results which are
      superior to those achieved with alkylating single-agent chemotherapy.
      Unfortunately most schedules have not resulted in a statistically significant
      improvement of overall survival. So far one of the most effective combination
      regimens is the four-drug regimen CHAP-5 that consists of cyclophosphamide,
      hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin, and cis-platinum. This regimen is the first
      schedule to result in significant improved survival times compared with a second
      combination schedule, i.e. Hexa-CAF, which is at least as good as alkylating
      therapy alone. The CHAP-5 regimen was rather toxic but it was manageable and easy
      to apply in daily practice. Further improvement of the treatment results in
      advanced ovarian carcinoma will be difficult because no effective new drugs are
      available. In future clinical research it must be tried to decrease the toxicity
      and morbidity of the current schedules without reducing efficacy and survival.

PMID- 6438705
TI  - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus: presentation of an unusual
      case].

PMID- 6438706
TI  - [Immunology of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6438707
TI  - [Analysis and perspectives of Chagas' disease control in Brazil].

PMID- 6438708
TI  - [Medico-social importance of Chagas' disease in Brazil and its control].

PMID- 6438709
TI  - [Intelligence quotient and age of menarche in school girls of the northern area
      of Santiago].

PMID- 6438710
TI  - [CT and ERCP as a combination research method in pancreatic diseases].
AB  - The value of combined CT and ERCP for studying the pancreas has been assessed in
      a retrospective study. CT and ERCP used singly provided a correct diagnosis in 74
      and 63% respectively; the combination of these methods increased diagnostic
      accuracy to 86%. ERCP is employed after CT and is indicated if the pancreas
      appears normal, if there is suspicion of chronic pancreatitis or neoplasia, for
      elucidating focal masses or if there is obstructive jaundice, without its cause
      being visible on CT.

PMID- 6438711
TI  - [Arachnoidal cysts. A clinical, neuroradiologic and computed tomographic study].
AB  - The clinical features and neuroradiological and computertomographic findings in
      125 patients with cystic intracranial processes, which were neither due to tumour
      nor of vascular origin, have been analysed. The intrathecal injection of
      iodinated contrast media is absolutely essential for the differential diagnosis
      of congenital cysts. CT demonstration using 2 mm. slices and coronal and sagittal
      reconstruction makes it possible to relate the lesions to surrounding brain
      structures. Additional anomalies of the brain can be diagnosed and considered
      when planning treatment. Air studies are no longer necessary, but plain films
      remain the first diagnostic step. In view of modern micro-surgical techniques,
      angiography remains of value in order to diagnose vascular anomalies at a pre
      operative stage.

PMID- 6438712
TI  - [Neurofibromatosis in childhood. Computed tomographic findings in the skull and
      neck areas].
AB  - The value of CT was investigated in sixteen children and adolescents with
      neurofibromatosis affecting the skull and neck. Its advantage is the simultaneous
      demonstration of bone and soft tissue changes, which frequently occur together in
      this condition. Demonstration of the extent of the neurofibromatous soft tissue
      changes is of crucial importance to the surgeon when planning treatment. Serial
      observations provide information on progress of the disease and helps in the
      decision of the optimal time for surgery. The differential diagnosis is
      discussed.

PMID- 6438714
TI  - [Progress in endoprosthesis via computed tomography?].
AB  - A new procedure for the manufacture of endoprostheses with the aid of computer
      tomography is described. This modern radiological technique has not only
      revolutionised many diagnostic problems, but will also affect treatment
      intimately.

PMID- 6438713
TI  - [Transabdominal CT-guided sympathectomy].
AB  - A new technique for lumbar sympathectomy is described. It consists of CT-guided
      trans-abdominal fine needle puncture and injection of alcohol. The technique is
      simple and well tolerated by the patient, and it permits accurate application of
      the alcohol. Complications have so far not been observed.

PMID- 6438716
TI  - [Nuclear spin tomographic study of the facial skeleton. I. Nuclear spin and
      computed tomographic anatomy].
AB  - The resolution of NMR and CT was compared using axial sections of the normal
      anatomic structures of the facial skeleton. It was shown that NMR was superior in
      differentiating muscles, tonsils, mucosa, lymph nodes and blood vessels. The
      demonstration of bone and its differentiation from air-containing spaces is often
      difficult. Metallic, non-ferromagnetic dental fillings, which cause serious
      artefacts on CT, do not affect NMR.

PMID- 6438715
TI  - [Nuclear spin tomographic diagnosis of brain tumors using the contrast medium
      gadolinium-DTPA].
AB  - This study examines the effect of the NMR contrast medium gadolinium-DTPA on
      image contrast in cerebral tumours. Sixteen patients with space-occupying
      cerebral lesions were examined on a 0.35 Tesla superconducting scanner, using a
      T1-weighted spinecho sequence prior to and after the intravenous application of
      gadolinium-DTPA. In 8 patients T2-weighted spinecho-sequences were obtained
      before the administration of contrast. The tomograms were evaluated visually and
      according to quantitative criteria. The use of gadolinium-DTPA helps to evaluate
      the blood-brain barrier and improves diagnosis by differentiating tumour tissue
      from edema and from normal brain tissue.

PMID- 6438717
TI  - [Digital-subtracted magnetic resonance (DSMR). A new procedure for improved
      imaging of vascular processes].
AB  - Using varying echo-sequences, NMR studies of flow in vessels shows varying signal
      relationships which are caused by intermittent re-focussing of the elementary
      magnetic particles. By means of digital subtraction of the tomograms, this effect
      can be clearly shown. It has been demonstrated that this particular procedure can
      be used for improved visualisation of vessels and of abnormal vascular processes
      (thrombosis, tumours, aneurysms etc.).

PMID- 6438718
TI  - [Aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery. Its diagnosis and clinical
      significance].
AB  - This is a report about 4 patients with aneurysms of the superior mesenteric
      artery of arteriosclerotic, mycotic and probably congenital etiology together
      with a review of the literature as to the etiology, diagnostic possibilities and
      therapy. Arteriography is the method of choice even though a diagnosis may be
      possible by sonography or CT in special cases. Even though an aneurysm of the
      superior mesenteric artery is rare, it has to be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of persisting abdominal problems of unknown origin. This is especially
      true for patients with a predisposing history such as previous or existing
      endocarditis, sepsis, arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Because of the
      possibility of rupture followed by life threatening bleeding an adequate
      diagnostic step such as arteriography has to be considered finally.

PMID- 6438720
TI  - [Radiation exposure of the examiner during digital subtraction angiography in the
      continuous-mode operation].
AB  - The radiation dose exposure measured at the eye lens of the examinating
      radiologist has been determined for a digital subtraction angiographic unit by
      experimental registration. A radiation dose of 15 mSv per month could be
      registered.

PMID- 6438719
TI  - [Arterial DSA in malignant hypervascularized bone tumors].
AB  - In order to evaluate intra-arterial DSA in malignant bone tumors (osteosarcoma n
      = 2, aggressive osteoblastoma n = 1) three patients were examined
      angiographically including conventional arteriography and DSA. Compared with
      conventional angiograms DSA imaging demonstrated a reduced peripheral vascular
      information due to reduced spatial resolution. Advantages of DSA were an improved
      visualization of tumor blush and atypical venous return and in addition a
      reduction of volume rsp. concentration of the contrast material using a iodine
      concentration of 200 mg/ml for preoperative vascular mapping and of 300 mg/ml for
      diagnostic tumor imaging.

PMID- 6438721
TI  - [Transabdominal sonography of the lumbar intervertebral disks and intraspinal
      structures].
AB  - This paper reports a prospective study on 64 patients in whom sonography was used
      to diagnose pathological changes in lumbar discs and intraspinal space occupying
      lesions; the results were compared with myelography and computer assisted
      tomography (CAT). The sonographic device used was a mechanical sector scanner
      with a medium focused transducer with a frequency of 3.5 MHz. The normal and
      pathological anatomy as shown by ultrasound was correlated to the known anatomy
      of CAT-scanning; the nerve roots, the dural sac and the intervertebral discs were
      recognizable in sonography and in CAT. The extent of an intraspinal lesion beyond
      the upper and lower limiting planes of the intervertebral discs were not
      demonstrable by ultrasound. The sonographic study was at least partially
      successful in 55 of 64 patients (86%). It failed in 14% (9 cases) because of
      obesity or because of diminution of the intervertebral space. The study revealed
      a specificity and sensitivity of transabdominal spinal sonography of 0.86
      respectively 0.84.

PMID- 6438722
TI  - [Soft-tissue changes in the metacarpal area in chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis causes changes in the soft tissues in the metacarpal portion
      of the hand which can be demonstrated by low Kv exposures. Indirect signs of
      inflammation consist of oedema extending from the synovial compartments to the
      skin, the subcutaneous tissues, the intermuscular fat septa and the peritendinous
      tissue. Increased blood flow leads to dilatation of veins. Direct signs of
      inflammation consists of tenosynovitis and synovitis of the joints, with
      enlargement of the corresponding compartments. Limited mobility of the hand over
      a long period, or improvement in motility are paralleled by changes in muscle
      mass.

PMID- 6438723
TI  - [Ureteral rupture after blunt abdominal injury].
AB  - Two male and one female patients, between the ages of four and 25 years, involved
      in road traffic accidents, sustained isolated ruptures of the right proximal
      ureter in addition to severe injuries to the skull and extremities. The typical
      urographic finding of an absent ureter was seen only once. In one incomplete
      rupture of the ureter from a solitary kidney, the ureter filled with contrast and
      there was no dilatation of the renal pelvis and in another case, the appearance
      of the ureter was simulated by a peri-ureteric contrast leak. Ultrasound
      examinations following abdominal trauma should be directed at finding peri-renal
      fluid; this should be followed by an urogram in order to recognize ureteric
      rupture at an early stage, when there may be few symptoms.

PMID- 6438724
TI  - [Slit-aperture technic in mammography].
AB  - Following a discussion of various principles used in the elimination of scatter,
      the prototype of a simple slit aperture mammography apparatus is described
      (modified Mammomat, Siemens). The main advantage of this technique compared with
      grid mammography is a halving of the radiation dose for identical image quality,
      using an identical film system. The technical requirements (heavy duty tube, new
      generator) are, however, considerable. If the film-screen systems currently in
      use are to remain the common systems for the future, then the development of a
      multi-lamellar slit diaphragm technique carries much promise for mammography.

PMID- 6438725
TI  - [Lymphography without dye injection. A low-risk method with minimal patient
      burden].
AB  - Coloured dyes injected for demonstration of vessels during lymphography may lead
      to unforeseen sensitivity reactions. It is therefore recommended that the
      examination be done without the injection of patent blue. The techniques and
      problems associated with this examination are described.

PMID- 6438726
TI  - [Aneurysm of the atrial septum. Diagnosis by echo- and angiocardiography].

PMID- 6438727
TI  - [Hypernephroid carcinoma of the glomerulonephritic atrophied kidney after kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 6438728
TI  - [Unusual computed tomographic picture of a colloid cyst of the 3d ventricle].

PMID- 6438729
TI  - [CT and myelographic findings in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6438730
TI  - [Subfascial abscess due to foreign bodies after a lumbar operation].

PMID- 6438731
TI  - [CT diagnosis of phlebothrombosis in Baker's cyst].

PMID- 6438732
TI  - Post-traumatic algodystrophy localized in a metacarpal head near synovial gouty
      microtophi.

PMID- 6438733
TI  - [Isolation of dengue virus type 2 from the serum of patients using the suckling
      mouse and cultured LLCMK2 cells].

PMID- 6438734
TI  - [Mycobacteriophages. III. (Review article)].

PMID- 6438735
TI  - [Congenital cardiac diverticula. Study of 3 cases].

PMID- 6438736
TI  - [Current state of the diagnosis of listeriosis].

PMID- 6438737
TI  - [Rational basis for the therapy of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid].

PMID- 6438738
TI  - A case for assessment technology in long-term care: the nursing perspective.

PMID- 6438739
TI  - Long-term care issues in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6438740
TI  - Poly I-Mercapto Poly C: antiviral, anticellular, and pharmacologic effects.
AB  - Thiolation of position 5 of some of the cytosine bases in polycytidylic acid
      results in the formation of mercaptopolycytidylic acid (MPC). Annealing of MPC to
      polyinosinic acid (Poly I) results in the formation of double-stranded Poly I
      MPC. In this study we investigated the interferon inducing ability, in vivo toxic
      effects, effect on DNA synthesis, and the effects in human tumor cell lines of
      Poly I-MPC. Poly I-MPC was capable of inducing human alpha, beta and gamma
      interferons in the appropriate cell systems. In vivo toxicity was measured in
      mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits according to FDA guidelines. Weight loss and
      lethal and pyrogenic effects were markedly lower in Poly I-MPC treated animals
      than in those that received unmodified Poly I-Poly C. In contrast to the lack of
      an effect of Poly I-Poly C in human lymphocytes, Poly I-MPC inhibited DNA
      synthesis. It also inhibited colony formation and was cytotoxic in several human
      tumor cell lines. Poly I-MPC's ability to induce human alpha, beta and gamma
      interferons, to inhibit DNA synthesis and its effects in human tumor cell lines
      demonstrate the potential of this drug for future clinical studies, both as an
      antiviral and antitumor agent.

PMID- 6438741
TI  - Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on
      metabolism of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (DAB) by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The antioxidants, BHA and BHT, inhibited the N-demethylation and ring
      hydroxylation of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (DAB) by liver microsomes from
      untreated and phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats. BHA was somewhat more potent in
      this regard than was BHT. Microsomal NADPH oxidase from PB-treated rats was
      stimulated by BHA but control microsomal activity was unaffected. Glutathione did
      not appreciably reverse the inhibitory effect of BHA on DAB metabolism and had no
      effect on NADPH oxidase activity. It is concluded that inhibition of DAB
      metabolism by BHA cannot be accounted for by interaction with NADPH oxidase,
      particularly in untreated microsomes. It more likely affects one or more species
      of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6438742
TI  - Development of an opioid-specific action of morphine in modifying recovery of
      neonatally-damaged noradrenergic fibers in rat brain.
AB  - In order to determine whether the recovery from damage of central noradrenergic
      fibers could be modified by an opioid specific action of morphine, animals
      treated with the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHDOPA), were co-treated with
      morphine sulfate (3.33 mg/kg i.p.). After a period of 6 weeks it was found that
      morphine treatment in the 6-OHDOPA-group was associated with a recovery of
      norepinephrine (NE) levels in the cerebellum, and a 2-fold elevation of NE in the
      pons-medulla, when compared to the group treated with 6-OHDOPA alone.
      Histofluorometrically, noradrenergic fiber number corresponded to changes in NE
      content. These actions of morphine were antagonized by the opioid receptor
      antagonist, naloxone. Therefore, these findings indicate that morphine, by a
      specific opioid action, is able to enhance the recovery of damaged noradrenergic
      fibers in the brain.

PMID- 6438743
TI  - Comparison of long acting oxytetracycline and parvaquone in immunisation against
      East Coast fever by infection and treatment.
AB  - Two groups of five cattle were immunised with a field isolate of Theileria parva
      as stabilate and simultaneously treated with long acting oxytetracycline or
      parvaquone in early clinical disease. The oxytetracycline group suffered a marked
      fall in leucocyte count and one animal died during immunisation. The parvaquone
      group suffered a less severe fall in leucocyte count and all survived. The
      surviving immunised cattle were immune to homologous challenge but susceptible to
      subsequent challenge with T p lawrencei.

PMID- 6438744
TI  - Studies on strains of Pasteurella haemolytica not typable by the indirect
      haemagglutination test.
AB  - Thirty strains of Pasteurella haemolytica which were untypable by the indirect
      haemagglutination (IHA) test were examined serologically by rapid plate
      agglutination (RPA), agar gel diffusion (AGD), crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      (CIE) and counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE) tests. Nine serogroups
      were identified by CCIE. Serogroup specificity, dependent on two antigens, was
      present in heated saline extracts of cells. Single representative strains from
      two serogroups were not pathogenic for specific pathogen-free lambs.

PMID- 6438745
TI  - Serological response and virus shedding of chickens inoculated with reovirus via
      different routes.
AB  - A comparison of the serological responses to a reovirus administered by the eye
      drop, intramuscular, oral and subcutaneous routes was made in three-week-old
      chickens. Their patterns of virus shedding were also compared. All four routes
      resulted in an antibody response and no virus excretion in faeces more than two
      to three weeks after administration. The oral route represented the most
      favourable route for live reovirus vaccine administration.

PMID- 6438746
TI  - Survival of dietary antigens in the digestive tract of calves intolerant to
      soybean products.
AB  - Preruminant calves were given a series of feeds containing heated soybean flour.
      Digesta collected from the small intestine were analysed by haemagglutination
      inhibition assay for soluble soybean antigens. The presence of undenatured
      glycinin and beta-conglycinin in ileal contents was associated with digestive
      disturbances. In vitro experiments showed that, under optimal conditions of pH
      for protease activity, beta-conglycinin but not glycinin, was unaffected by
      pepsin and both antigens were resistant to rennin and trypsin. The solubility of
      glycinin and beta-conglycinin in saline extracts remained high over pH ranges of
      2 to 3 and 6 to 10 but under conditions of intermediate pH, about 4.5, solubility
      was minimal. It was concluded that preruminant calves suffer from
      gastrointestinal hypersensitive responses to certain soybean products because
      major proteases of the digestive tract fail to denature soluble antigenic
      constituents of the soybean protein.

PMID- 6438747
TI  - Contribution of cobalamin analogues to plasma vitamin B12 concentrations in
      cattle.
AB  - Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations in cattle were analysed by a radioisotope
      dilution assay using pig intrinsic factor and a microbiological assay using
      Euglena gracilis. Both assays provided similar results for samples of cattle
      plasma containing vitamin B12 concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 3.60 micrograms
      litre-1 (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). The addition of excess cobinamide in the
      radioisotope dilution assay to block non-specific binding in the intrinsic factor
      preparation due to the presence of R-type binders, was used to determine the
      presence of cobalamin analogues. Cobalamin analogues accounted for up to 50 per
      cent of the total vitamin B12 concentration in samples of plasma from cows but
      were virtually undetectable in plasma from sheep.

PMID- 6438748
TI  - [The socioeconomic cost of glaucoma].

PMID- 6438749
TI  - [A case of multiple myeloma with a 21-year preclinical biological stage].

PMID- 6438750
TI  - Gut bacterial endotoxin: influence on gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue and
      host immune function.

PMID- 6438751
TI  - Experimental immunoproliferative diseases. Models for immune responses and
      tumorigenesis.

PMID- 6438752
TI  - Regulatory properties of mononuclear phagocytes reflect specialized functional
      status.

PMID- 6438753
TI  - Anti-idiotypic autoimmunity--a necessity for species survival.

PMID- 6438754
TI  - [Round table and a multidisciplinary discussion].

PMID- 6438755
TI  - [Isolated diverticula of the cecum].

PMID- 6438756
TI  - [Surgical aspects of diverticulosis of the small intestine].

PMID- 6438757
TI  - Effects of alkyl nitriles on the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6438758
TI  - Genetic characterization and cloning of the toxic shock syndrome exotoxin.

PMID- 6438759
TI  - Antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and the dawn of a new era in the control of
      infection.
AB  - Literature reports concerned with monoclonal antibodies against bacteria, or
      their toxins, which are pathogens for man and animals were surveyed. These
      antibodies have important potential uses in human and veterinary pathology and
      medicine. They are likely to become key elements in a fast progression toward a
      more complete understanding and control of infectious diseases and of toxin
      poisoning. A new area of bacteriology relevant to sanitary engineering is also
      being advanced with the help of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies. This area
      involves bacteria that produce the biofuel methane, along with other molecules of
      nutritional value, through a process which brings about the recycling of organic
      wastes and thereby limits or controls microbial contamination of soil and water.

PMID- 6438760
TI  - Immunoglobulin variable region genes.
AB  - The picture that emerges of a V gene locus, albeit still sketchy, is one of a
      continuously evolving region, subject on occasion to quite dramatic flux due to
      the operation of gene conversion, transposing elements, recombination and unequal
      crossing over. The V genes are separated by surprisingly large tracts of DNA of
      unknown function which are 'littered' by a number of simple-sequence and
      moderately repetitive elements. The diversity of immunoglobulins is in part
      accounted for by selection operating on multiple germline genes: 100-300 for
      mouse VK and VH, but probably less for human VK and VH. Somatic recombinational
      and mutational mechanisms play a substantial role in increasing the diversity
      still further.

PMID- 6438761
TI  - [Prolonged treatment of multiple sclerosis with average doses of azathioprine. An
      evaluation of 15 years' experience].
AB  - Since 1967, 211 probable or definite multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have
      received azathioprine (100 mg daily) as primary immunosuppressive treatment.
      Treatment results are evaluated in 145 patients who have received prolonged (one
      year or more) continuous therapy and whose disability had been evaluated
      prospectively. The main characteristics of these patients are the following: male
      45, female 100; mean age of onset of MS: 27 years; mean duration of treatment and
      follow-up: 67 and 115 months, respectively. 48 patients were in the progressive
      phase of MS at the onset of treatment; 17 of these had a stable disability score
      during therapy; however, the number of stabilized patients decreased
      significantly with duration of treatment. Among 97 patients in the remittent
      phase of the disease, 22 had no further bout during treatment, 41 had bouts but
      had no increase in disability, and 34 were aggravated; in 14 of these, secondary
      progression occurred during therapy. Haematologic, cutaneous, digestive and
      infectious side-effects occurred but were always reversible. In the subgroup of
      131 patients who had received no other immunosuppressive treatment than
      azathioprine and in whom information was obtained at the end of 1982, 10 cancers
      (all of them epitheliomas) were diagnosed. The frequency of malignancy in the
      patients followed for 5 years or more was 10 p. 100. Five patients died from
      cancer (4 of 6 deaths in the remittent group). These results are compared with
      those of other series. It is suggested that the use of azathioprine in MS should
      be restricted.

PMID- 6438762
TI  - [Uveitis and cerebral lymphoma].
AB  - A 57 year-old man developed a left posterior uveitis, without obvious aetiology
      and unresponsive to antibiotherapy and steroids. Nine months later, a lymphoma of
      the left parieto-occipital area was discovered. An immunological study detected a
      peripheral blood T lymphocytes deficiency, a B lymphocytes excess and a
      monoclonal gammopathy (IgM lambda). The latter abnormality disappeared one month
      after neurosurgery. Tumor cells were of the B lymphoid type with lambda light
      chain only. Brain irradiation and chemotherapy first improved neurological signs
      but right uveitis developed. The patient died 22 months after the first
      ophthalmological symptoms. The association of primary non Hodgkin brain lymphoma
      (PNHBL) (reticulum-cell sarcoma) with uveitis has already been described in 51
      other cases in the literature. Two possibilities are considered: first, uveitis
      appears with or follows the neurological signs (NS): the prognosis is the same as
      that of PNHBL alone; second, uveitis appears before the NS: the prognosis is
      better and can be improved by brain and ocular irradiation. The immunological
      abnormalities are discussed. T lymphocytes deficiency and B lymphocytes excess
      have already been described but a monoclonal gammopathy is a more unusual
      finding.

PMID- 6438763
TI  - [Long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with chlorbutin and
      azathioprine--comparative evaluation of their effectiveness].

PMID- 6438764
TI  - [Role of D-penicillamine in the complex treatment of juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 6438765
TI  - Primary meningococcal pericarditis: a disease of adults associated with serogroup
      C Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Pericarditis due to Neisseria meningitidis is usually a consequence of meningeal
      disease or meningococcemia. This presentation includes a case report of primary
      meningococcal pericarditis (PMP) and a review of the clinical and epidemiologic
      features of 15 previously reported cases. All cases have been reported in the
      past 15 years. Most patients were older teenagers or adults. The median age and
      age distribution of PMP cases in the United States were significantly greater
      than that of patients with other meningococcal diseases reported to the Centers
      for Disease Control (CDC) (P = .005). Similarly, serogroup C N. meningitidis was
      isolated from 88% of U.S. patients with PMP, compared with isolation from 22% of
      patients with other meningococcal diseases reported to the CDC (P = .00016).
      Culture of pericardial fluid usually yielded meningococci, and most patients
      presented with signs and symptoms typical of purulent pericarditis. A positive
      pericardial culture was associated with the development of cardiac tamponade (P =
      .03). With appropriate antibiotic treatment and drainage of pericardial fluid
      when indicated, all 16 patients survived and experienced few or no sequelae.

PMID- 6438766
TI  - Epidemiology of venereal urethritis: comparison of gonorrhea and nongonococcal
      urethritis.
AB  - Gonorrhea (GU) and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), the commonest sexually
      transmitted diseases in men, are endemic at high levels in most regions of the
      world, despite effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. NGU is a milder
      disease with a longer incubation period and longer duration of symptoms before
      treatment. Although Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum appear to
      account for a majority of NGU cases, the cause of approximately 20% of cases
      remains unknown. NGU is about twice as common as GU in Western countries, and on
      the basis of national statistics from Great Britain, its incidence has been
      thought to be increasing more rapidly. However, data from individual clinics
      suggest that incidence of both diseases has remained stable over the past decade.
      The increased incidence of NGU in Great Britain over the past decade probably
      results from increased recognition or reporting. Marked socioeconomic and racial
      differences in both relative incidence of and susceptibility to NGU and GU have
      been found repeatedly but are unexplained. Men appear to transmit GU to women
      more efficiently than vice versa. Neisseria gonorrhoeae appears to be more
      infectious than C. trachomatis for both men and women, but interpretation of
      differences in susceptibility and transmission is hindered by ignorance of
      natural and acquired immunity to these agents. Of the several important time
      intervals in chains of transmission of venereal urethritis, only incubation
      periods and iatrotropic intervals for GU and NGU and the posttreatment period of
      infectivity for GU are known.

PMID- 6438767
TI  - [Optic neuritis from lithium?].

PMID- 6438768
TI  - [Blood T lymphocyte populations in the hemophiliac].
AB  - We have studied a group of 31 hemophiliac patients (hemophilia A: 26 patients,
      hemophilia B: 5 patients); 29 healthy men were used as controls. Hemophiliac
      patients had increased percentages of suppressor T-lymphocytes and depressed
      T4/T8 ratios. These abnormalities were found to be significantly correlated with
      the amount of F VIII used per year.

PMID- 6438769
TI  - [Immunological study of a hemophiliac treated according to the Bonn protocol for
      2 1/2 years].
AB  - A major haemophiliac A, 27 years old, has been treated during 30 months, with
      high dosage of imported Factor VIII, in order to reduce the titer of a F VIII
      antibody. A good clinical result has been obtained. No sign of immunodeficiency
      has been observed. Normal values were obtained for T4/T8, ratio B2 microglobulin
      and no antibody was detected against the LAV virus isolated from cases of AIDS.

PMID- 6438770
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related syndromes in hemophiliacs: status
      throughout the world].
AB  - The occurrence during the last 2 years of 29 cases of AIDS in hemophiliacs (21 in
      USA and 8 in Europe) suggests possible transmission of this disease by blood
      products. All these patients had received Factor VIII or IX concentrates and
      developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or other opportunistic infections.
      Kaposi's sarcoma was not observed in any patient. Recent studies have focused on
      the frequency of AIDS-related complex in hemophiliacs, which may arise as a
      crucial problem. However this does not justify at the moment any reduction in the
      substitutive treatment of hemophiliac patients unless new clues to the
      understanding of these disorders are provided. Therefore, it is mostly important
      to clearly define, through research programs and precise follow-up of patients,
      blood products which can be used safely in hemophiliacs.

PMID- 6438771
TI  - [Amyloidosis and light lambda chain secreting plasmacytoma].

PMID- 6438772
TI  - [Alternative modes of transmission: impediments to views on the eradication of
      Chagas disease].

PMID- 6438773
TI  - [Current problems in measles. II. Measles vaccines--recent progress].

PMID- 6438774
TI  - [Prevalence of Chagas' infection in necropsies in the Triangulo Mineiro area].

PMID- 6438775
TI  - [Chagas' placentitis. Report of a case with optic and electronic microscopy
      study].

PMID- 6438776
TI  - [New therapeutic agents].

PMID- 6438777
TI  - [Brief guide to the use of formaldehyde].

PMID- 6438779
TI  - [Research and nursing professionalism].

PMID- 6438778
TI  - [Maternal-Child Health Services in a province of Mozambique].

PMID- 6438780
TI  - [Research on decubitus lesions: formation of a protocol].

PMID- 6438781
TI  - [Research on reports from patients in the hospital environment].

PMID- 6438782
TI  - [Chemical contamination of daily meals of selected population groups. I.
      Preliminary analysis of mercury, lead, cadmium and polychlorinated biphenyls
      (PCB) in daily food rations from selected students' cafeteria].

PMID- 6438783
TI  - [Presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated
      dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in cigarette ash and pharmaceutical charcoal].

PMID- 6438784
TI  - [Epileptic heredity and its practical consequences].

PMID- 6438785
TI  - [Intercritical mental disorders in epileptics].

PMID- 6438786
TI  - [Ecological aspects of South American trypanosomiasis. XXI - Behavior of wild
      Triatominae species in intra- and peridomiciliary infestations].

PMID- 6438787
TI  - Acoustic microscopy--principles and applications in the studies of biomaterial
      microstructure.
AB  - The acoustic microscopy is based on totally different physical concepts than both
      the optical and electron microscopes. Therefore, the information obtained with an
      acoustic microscope is significantly different from those obtainable by the other
      two. By employing elastic waves, detailed microscopic information regarding
      biomaterial properties like density, elasticity, viscosity and viscoelasticity
      are obtained with an acoustic microscope. Live tissue can be examined without
      fixing or chemical staining. The Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope (SLAM) and
      the Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) are the only acoustic microscopes
      commercially available today. The SAM operates at as high as 4.2 GHz frequency
      providing at least five times better resolution than the optical limit. The SLAM,
      however, operates generally at 100 or 500 MHz and can therefore examine thicker
      samples than the SAM, but at lower resolutions. For optically translucent
      samples, the SLAM can also provide an optical image simultaneously with the
      acoustical one. A laser beam is employed in the scanning mechanism in the SLAM,
      compared to mechanically translating the sample in the SAM. Consequently, the
      scanning rate is much faster in the SLAM at about 30 frames per second, compared
      to several seconds per frame for the SAM. Both qualitative as well as
      quantitative information is obtainable about the material under examination. As a
      qualitative tool, the information is used to classify and sort materials and
      detect and localize flaws and defects in optically opaque samples. A microscopic
      map of the specimen's mechanical properties can be produced using information
      from the acoustic image. This information may then lead to better understanding
      of biomaterial microstructure and also can be a valuable aid in characterization
      of certain subtle morphological differences.

PMID- 6438788
TI  - Smooth-surfaced control and transformed C3H/10T-1/2 cells differ in cytology: a
      study by secondary electron, backscattered electron and image analysis.
AB  - 7,12 dimethylbenz-a-anthracene (DMBA)-treated C3H/10T-1/2 mouse embryo
      fibroblasts have been characterized by the occurrence of pleomorphic microvilli
      (PMV) in contrast to the non-treated smooth-surfaced C3H/10T-1/2 cells. Recent
      studies by semiquantitative secondary electron image (SEI) have demonstrated a
      significant correlation between the number of cells with numerous PMV and the
      development of oncogenic potential. In these studies, so-called type III
      transformants scored highest in oncogenic potential and occurrence of cells with
      pleomorphic microvilli, but always contained a small fraction of cells displaying
      rather smooth surfaces. Quantitation of the size of nuclei and nucleoli and the
      number of intranucleolar silver granules after nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)
      staining and back scattered electron image (BEI) with an automatic image analysis
      system (IBAS) revealed that these smooth-surfaced type III cells were
      significantly different (p less than 0.001) from the non-DMBA transformed smooth
      surfaced control C3H/10T-1/2 cells. Compared to PMV transformants, the smooth
      transformants exhibited smaller nucleoli, a lesser nucleoli/nuclei fraction and
      fewer AgNOR sites, indicating reduced cellular activity. The biological
      significance of the smooth-surfaced fraction in PMV-covered type III
      transformants remains unclear.

PMID- 6438789
TI  - Endothelial cell rounding associated with long-term implantations of left
      ventricular assist devices.
AB  - Culture endothelial cells have been utilized experimentally to inhibit thrombosis
      on cardiovascular prostheses. Grown on the internal surfaces of selected
      synthetic materials and implanted into autologous calves, prelinings have also
      proven to be a useful means to examine the influence of the in vivo environment
      on the endothelium. Initial short-term (less than 7 days) studies with left
      ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have demonstrated severe cell loss in
      endothelial prelinings as a result of continuous substrate flexure. These
      observations now have been extended to two chronic LVAD implantations of 28 and
      125 days. By 28 days substantial regeneration of the endothelial layer had
      occurred to overlay the thrombus deposited as a result of prelining denudation.
      The morphologic characteristics of the endothelial linings in these two specimens
      have been studied. The most striking feature of the LVAD linings was the rounded
      appearance of the endothelial cells. These observations have led to the
      speculation that endothelial cells exposed to continuous mechanical strain assume
      an altered appearance. In addition, preliminary results utilizing a specially
      built in vitro apparatus have demonstrated that endothelial rounding accompanied
      by intercellular separations may result from periodic stretching of the substrate
      material supporting the cells.

PMID- 6438790
TI  - Traumatic posterior vitreous detachment: scanning electron microscopy of an
      experimental model in the monkey eye.
AB  - Traumatic posterior vitreous detachment was studied in a monkey model of
      posterior penetrating eye injury with retinal laceration and intravitreal blood.
      Posterior vitreous detachment can occur as a separation at the level of the
      internal limiting membrane, or as a cleavage within the vitreous. The foot
      processes of Mueller cells were found to be altered in eyes with detached
      vitreous. Epiretinal membranes were seen to proliferate through cracks in the
      internal limiting membrane. The internal limiting membrane beneath the epiretinal
      membrane appeared to be wrinkled, suggesting a contractile property of the
      epiretinal membrane. The plane of separation in posterior vitreous detachment may
      be of fundamental importance in the formation of epiretinal membranes and
      subsequent development of retinal detachment.

PMID- 6438791
TI  - Multimodal assessment of human brain calcification with respect to parenteral
      calcium gluconate in stressed neonates.
AB  - Parenteral calcium may augment the degree of calcification within brains of human
      neonates (p less than 0.01). This observation is supported by histochemistry,
      atomic absorption of ashed brain, selected area diffraction, and energy
      dispersive microanalysis. Survival analysis indicates that a standard replacement
      dose may have an adverse effect of severely stressed neonates (p less than 0.01).
      Nuclei within the optic-tract, circumferential pons and temporal lobe showed
      calcium salt deposits before other cytologic evidence of necrosis was
      discernible. Most calcification occurred in regions of ongoing necrosis primarily
      in the neuropil. But Purkinje cell and supraoptic neurons and apparent neurons
      from the fascia dentata, Ammon's Horn, were densely calcified in several brains.
      In those infants surviving longer periods both the neuropil and nuclei of glial
      scar stained for calcium salts.

PMID- 6438792
TI  - Changes in the character of Factor VIII inhibitors following Factor VIII
      transfusion.
AB  - Factor VIII inhibitors from 4 haemophiliacs have been studied at intervals
      following transfusion of a factor VIII preparation with an aim to correlate their
      reaction kinetic and avidity with their immuno-chemical character. Post-treatment
      antibodies are more avid than pre-treatment antibodies and show a second order
      reaction while pre-treatment antibodies produce a graph of complex nature for the
      time course inactivation of Factor VIII. It seems that IgG3 anti VIII:C that
      forms a significant part of post-treatment antibody is responsible for these
      discrepancies.

PMID- 6438793
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of platelet-specific alloantigens.
AB  - Immunoprecipitation was performed with platelet-specific alloantisera (anti-Zwa, 
      Zwb, -Baka and antiserum Luc) and 125I-labelled platelets of a panel of donors
      typed for these platelet-specific alloantigens. This was done by sensitization of
      intact, radiolabelled platelets with the antisera, solubilization of the
      sensitized platelets with Nonidet P-40 and recovery of the immune complexes from
      the lysate with heat-killed, formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan
      I. In the case of platelet antibodies of the IgM class, bacteria also
      preincubated with rabbit-IgG anti-human IgM before treatment of the lysate were
      applied. Radiolabelled antigens were then eluted from the bacteria by boiling in
      an SDS-mercaptoethanol-containing buffer. Subsequently, the eluted antigens were
      analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It revealed that both the Zwa
      and the Baka antigens are located on the glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa complex. The
      location of the Zwb antigen could not be established in this way. From the
      intensity of the precipitated glycoprotein bands, it appeared that Zwa is
      probably a marker of glycoprotein IIIa, Baka or glycoprotein IIb. However,
      immunoprecipitates of anti-Zwa and anti-Baka sera both carried, to some extent,
      complexes of glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. Iodinated platelets of a Glanzmann
      thrombasthenia patient failed to show any material precipitated by these antisera
      or the antiserum Luc, known to contain antibodies against both glycoproteins.

PMID- 6438794
TI  - 'Incomplete' pyroglobulin-gamma disease in a patient with osteosclerotic myeloma.
AB  - A 50-year-old female, heterozygous for beta-thalassaemia was found to have a
      lytic lesion surrounded by osteosclerotic tissue in the 1st lumbar vertebra.
      Aspiration of the lesion showed 100% atypical plasma cells. The bone marrow
      contained 17% myeloma cells. Despite normal electrophoresis and
      immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine, 'rouleaux' formation was pronounced.
      Treatment of the serum sample with 2-mercaptoethanol and heat (56 degrees C)
      disclosed an uncommon pyroglobulin. Analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitate
      of the serum by sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      revealed a 43 kD component with higher anodic mobility than normal gamma chains.
      Ultrafiltration column chromatography of the serum revealed a narrow spike of
      approximately 4 S that contained gamma heavy chain antigenic determinants in
      addition to normal 7 S IgG.

PMID- 6438795
TI  - Detection of alpha 1 and alpha 2 heavy-chain constant-region genes in common
      variable hypogammaglobulinaemia patients with undetectable IgA.
AB  - Five patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia with undetectable
      levels of IgA in serum and saliva were investigated for immunoglobulin structural
      gene defects. All five patients carried in their genome alpha 1 and alpha 2 genes
      as detected in Southern blotting analysis by means of a cloned C alpha gene
      probe.

PMID- 6438796
TI  - The invariably present tryptophan loop as the core of all divergent antigen
      binding pockets.

PMID- 6438797
TI  - [Enzootic septicemic listeriosis in a migrating flock of sheep].

PMID- 6438798
TI  - Gut flora and urinary phenylacetic acid.

PMID- 6438799
TI  - Synapsin I in nerve terminals: selective association with small synaptic
      vesicles.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry revealed that synapsin I is preferentially (and possibly
      exclusively) associated with small (40- to 60-nanometer) synaptic vesicles and
      not with large (greater than 60-nanometer) dense-core vesicles in bovine
      hypothalamus. These observations may explain why synapsin I is found exclusively
      in neurons, since small synaptic vesicles are specific to neurons whereas large
      dense-core vesicles in neurons may be considered the equivalent of secretory
      organelles in endocrine cells.

PMID- 6438800
TI  - Common region on chromosome 14 in T-cell leukemia and lymphoma.
AB  - Chromosome 14 breakpoints in malignant human lymphocytes cluster on the long (q)
      arm near bands q11 and q32. An inversion of chromosome 14 due to breaks in q11.2
      and q32.3 has now been found in a newly established childhood T-cell lymphoma
      cell line and confirmed in T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A translocation
      was also found between chromosomes 10 and 14 with a breakpoint at 14q11.2 in
      another T-cell lymphoma cell line. It is proposed that a proximal region on
      chromosome 14 in or near sub-band q11.2 is related to T-cell function.
      Rearrangements in this region may affect the growth of T lymphocytes and be
      involved in the development of T-cell malignancies.

PMID- 6438801
TI  - Cellular origin of hairy cell leukemia: malignant B cells that express receptors
      for T cell growth factor.

PMID- 6438802
TI  - Differentiation antigens associated with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 6438803
TI  - The basic health care system in Botswana: a study of the distribution and cost in
      the period 1973-1979.
AB  - Since 1973 Botswana has developed its basic health service with an extensive
      network of clinics and health posts staffed with nurses, health assistants and
      Family Welfare Educators (11 weeks training in preventive medicine). In 1977 it
      was estimated that 80% of the population lived within 15km of either a health
      post or a clinic. In the study period the annual number of new registered
      outpatient diagnosis per inhabitant increased from 0.65 to 1.50, but even after
      the heavy investment in the rural areas the annual number of visits per rural
      inhabitant, was in 1979, 0.8 compared to 2.8 in the urban areas. In 1979 the per
      capita health expenditure was US+18.7, of which the basic health service
      accounted for US+8.8. The relationship between Botswana's basic health service
      and a primary health care system as described in the Declaration of Alma Ata is
      discussed.

PMID- 6438804
TI  - The demographic factor in the provision of health facilities in developing
      countries: the case of Nigeria.
AB  - Current emphasis on preventive health measures in developing countries such as
      Nigeria is not often reflected in actual performance of health programmes. It is
      still common to find that a major proportion of the health budget is expended on
      the construction of modern hospitals in a few privileged areas such as the major
      towns and urban centres. This strategy of medical care delivery continues in
      spite of the demographic situation which makes it virtually impossible for any
      developing nation to aim at providing adequate hospital-based care for its
      growing and basically rural population. Therefore, it is being suggested that the
      existing practice of medical care planning which places an undue emphasis on
      hospital based care is too expensive and will have to give way to less expensive
      and comprehensive strategies involving community participation such as health
      education, nutritional improvement programmes and more reliance on local medical
      resources.

PMID- 6438805
TI  - The determinants of infant and child morbidity in Lagos, Nigeria.
AB  - Analysis of the structure of real morbidity among children in Lagos, Nigeria,
      reveals that the leading diseases were of hygienic, nutritional and perinatal
      origin. These diseases were highly concentrated in infancy and early childhood;
      in the case of the former, the concentration was greater among boys than girls.
      During the 1970s, a decline is noticed in the frequency of infective and
      parasitic diseases particularly among male infants. Simultaneously, a slightly
      rising trend of diseases related to birth complications and perinatal nature
      afflicting predominantly early infancy occurred, off-setting, to some extent, the
      effect of the diminishing trend in infective diseases. The rising trend of
      perinatal diseases should be seen in conjunction with a likely increase in
      gravidity of women and the resultant increase of pregnancies and birth
      complications, which affected the health of the mother as well as that of the
      child. The findings seem to suggest that although both medical and non-medical
      factors contributed to the change in morbidity pattern in the decade 1968-1978,
      the role of factors of socio-economic nature was significant. The implication is
      that without socio-economic epidemiology, biomedical epidemiology could make a
      limited contribution to the reduction of morbidity.

PMID- 6438806
TI  - Long-term alimentation by a new indwelling tube gastrostomy technique.
AB  - Use of a Gore-Tex peritoneal catheter as a feeding gastrostomy tube can virtually
      eliminate the complications associated with long-term feeding gastrostomy. The
      tube consists of a radiopaque 18 F silicone rubber catheter having a toadstool
      shaped, expanded polytetrafluorethylene flange and cuff around its midportion.
      Epithelial tissue grows into the interstices of the Gore-Tex flange, and
      fibroplasia incorporates the cuff into the tissue, fixing the tube firmly in
      place and preventing its inadvertent removal. In addition, the tissue ingrowth
      creates a physiologic barrier that prevents efflux of intragastric contents and
      discourages influx of microorganisms or other contaminants along the gastrostomy
      tract. Thus far, Gore-Tex feeding gastrostomies have been placed for two to 11
      months in six critically ill malnourished patients who required long-term or
      permanent gastrostomy feeding. No complications have occurred, patient safety and
      satisfaction have been greatly increased, efficacy of nutritional rehabilitation
      has been enhanced, and the patients' quality of life has been vastly improved.

PMID- 6438807
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on platelet aggregation in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6438808
TI  - Rescue of a Drosophila temperature-sensitive mutant cell line by DNA
      transfection.
AB  - At the nonpermissive temperature, the shibirets gene of Drosophila causes adult
      paralysis and cell death during development. We have used DNA-mediated gene
      transfer with wild-type genomic DNA to rescue the lethal phenotype of shits
      cultured cells and have isolated cell lines which grow at the nonpermissive
      temperature of 29 degrees C. By using restriction endonucleases, we confirm that
      this rescue is DNA sequence dependent. Further, cells cotransfected with wild
      type genomic DNA and plasmid DNA contain plasmid sequences when selected for
      survival at 29 degrees C. This confirms the uptake of DNA by the transformed
      cells and provides a simple temperature selection technique allowing coselection
      of genes which cannot themselves be selected for.

PMID- 6438809
TI  - Integration of Drosophila heat-shock genes transfected into cultured Drosophila
      melanogaster cells.
AB  - We have used DNA-mediated gene transfer to introduce into Drosophila melanogaster
      cells DNA sequences for which no selective criteria exist. We have introduced a
      Drosophila heat-shock locus into cultured Drosophila cells by calcium phosphate
      cotransfection with the copia vector pCV31gpt and selection for xanthine
      utilization. We recovered cell lines containing between three and about 50 copies
      of both pCV31gpt and pMH10A, a cloned 87 A7 hsp70 heat-shock locus that encodes a
      mutant 40,000-dalton heat-shock protein (hsp40). The stable inheritance of the
      transformed DNAs argues that the input DNAs have integrated into the genome. We
      show that this is indeed the case for one cell line by cloning back the
      transfected DNA and detecting the flanking chromocentral sequences by in situ
      hybridization. Surprisingly, the integrated hsp70 genes are not expressed. This
      report represents the first example of the cointroduction of DNA sequences into
      Drosophila cells by cotransfection with a dominant selectable marker.

PMID- 6438810
TI  - Comparison of mitochondrially synthesized polypeptides of human, mouse, and
      monkey cell lines by a two-dimensional protease gel system.
AB  - Mitochondrially synthesized polypeptides of human, monkey, and mouse cells were
      compared using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A single
      molecular weight variant, the major interspecific variant (MIV), was identified
      in human cells as compared to monkey and mouse. The peptide maps of MIV were
      compared between the three species using a two-dimensional proteolytic digest (2D
      PD) gel system. A number of conserved peptides were found, indicating that the
      MIVs have a common function. Other MIV peptides were species specific. These
      results confirm the conserved nature of mitochondrial polypeptides and
      demonstrate the utility of 2D-PD gels in testing for protein alleles and
      detecting subtle protein variants.

PMID- 6438811
TI  - [Cl. botulinum toxin detected in the blood of patients using an in vitro method].

PMID- 6438812
TI  - [The fundamental significance of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with a
      very thin needle for early reoperation on the biliary tract].

PMID- 6438813
TI  - Magnetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA) for determination of specific
      IgG in paracoccidioidomycosis.
AB  - A magnetic solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA) for
      quantification of IgG antibodies to somatic and metabolic antigens of
      Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was developed. Activation of magnetic
      polyacrylamide agarose beads with concanavalin A was superior to glutaraldehyde
      activation, and test sensitivity was higher for somatic than for metabolic
      antigens. Comparative MELISA, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and erythroimmunoassay
      tests with sera from 33 proven cases of paracoccidioidomycosis, 14 cases of
      histoplasmosis and 20 normal human sera showed the MELISA could distinguish
      antibody levels in paracoccidioidomycosis from those in normal sera; however two
      sera from histoplasmosis cases cross-reacted in the MELISA. MELISA is a rapid
      test (5-6 h) and the results suggest it has considerable potential value for
      assay of anti-P. brasiliensis antibodies.

PMID- 6438814
TI  - Antigenic relationships among Cladosporium species of medical importance.
AB  - We analyzed the exoantigens of 54 isolates belonging to the pathogenic
      Cladosporium species. Cladophialophora ajelloi was found to be antigenically
      identical to Cladosporium carrionii. All human and cat isolates of C. bantianum
      and C. trichoides were found to share the same antigens. Although cross-reactions
      were observed among the four species of Cladosporium: C. carrionii, C. bantianum,
      c. herbarum, and C. cladosporioides they were identified and differentiated
      specifically with four monospecific factor sera obtained through absorption
      procedures. The exoantigen serologic procedure also permitted us to identify
      cultures of these four Cladosporium spp. within 8 days.

PMID- 6438815
TI  - Gonorrhea case-finding among asymptomatic men seeking ambulatory care: a cost
      effectiveness analysis.
AB  - Case-finding for gonorrhea in asymptomatic men is generally not performed in
      primary care settings and often not performed when men are seen for other reasons
      in clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. We performed a cost-effectiveness
      analysis of case-finding among asymptomatic men seeking ambulatory care, using
      culture of the first-voided urine and treatment of culture-positive patients with
      tetracycline. The analysis demonstrated that care-finding is increasingly cost
      effective as the probability of asymptomatic gonorrhea becomes greater. Over a
      reasonable expected range of the probability of asymptomatic gonorrhea (0.1-15%)
      in such settings, the additional cost to avert one additional day of morbidity
      ranged from $47,000 to $260; the additional cost to avert one additional case of
      residual asymptomatic infection ranged from $26,000 to $140; and the additional
      cost to avert one additional case of pelvic inflammatory disease in a contact
      ranged from $250,000 to $1,400. We conclude that the cost-effectiveness of case
      finding for gonorrhea among asymptomatic men compares favorably with that of
      other medical interventions when the probability of infection is relatively high
      (perhaps greater than or equal to 5%). In order to make use of such information,
      physicians in ambulatory care settings require better information about the
      probability of gonorrhea in asymptomatic men who differ in their medical
      histories and socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds.

PMID- 6438816
TI  - The co-existence of genital Mycoplasma and Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from
      the male urethra.
AB  - Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, separately or together, were co
      isolated along with 34 of 102 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultured from
      urethral swabs from men with urethritis. For approximately half of the N.
      gonorrhoeae strains, the mycoplasma(s) persisted for at least five passages on
      agar medium. U. urealyticum was isolated in 31 of the 34 instances. No
      association between particular serotype(s) of U. urealyticum or auxotypes of N.
      gonorrhoeae was identified. The auxotypes of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were not
      altered by the presence of U. urealyticum. To screen cultures of N. gonorrhoeae
      for the presence of genital mycoplasmas, we recommend direct microscopy of growth
      on agar: for M. hominis, after the colony epifluorescence test, and, for U.
      urealyticum, after the urease spot test.

PMID- 6438817
TI  - [Effects of alpha-amylase on dental plaque bacteria].

PMID- 6438818
TI  - [Use of non-absorbable oral antibiotics in a simple reverse isolation environment
      for the prevention of infection in the immediate post-transplant period].

PMID- 6438819
TI  - [Methods of preparing factor VIII. II. Preparation of a highly purified
      concentrate using CPG (controlled pore glass)].

PMID- 6438820
TI  - Studies on interactions between striatal dopaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms
      in the early abstinence after chronic treatment with barbital in the rat.
AB  - Accumulation in the rat striatum of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) after
      inhibition of the neuronal decarboxylase was not significantly altered in the
      early abstinence after chronic treatment with barbital for 36-39 weeks in
      comparison with controls treated with water. Pilocarpine (10 mg/kg i.p.)
      increased the accumulation of DOPA in rats chronically treated with barbital and
      also in controls treated with water. Some weak correlations between striatal DOPA
      accumulation and changes in body weight or fluid consumption during the first
      three days of the abstinence were observed. There was also a highly significant,
      positive correlation (r = 0.85) between striatal DOPA accumulation and the number
      of convulsions in rats chronically treated with barbital and injected with NaCl.
      The corresponding correlation in rats chronically treated with barbital and
      injected with pilocarpine was positive but not significant (r = 0.50). No
      evidence for an increased sensitivity at muscarinic receptors in the striatum was
      found.

PMID- 6438821
TI  - Open treatment of pancreatic abscess.
AB  - Twenty-one consecutive patients with pancreatic abscess were managed by an open
      packing technique. Despite an anticipated mortality of less than 65 per cent
      predicted by Ranson's prognostic signs, the mortality in this group of patients
      was only 14 per cent. The marked improvement in results was attributed to several
      factors: earlier diagnosis and surgical intervention based upon serial abdominal
      tomography; prevention of persistent or recurrent sepsis by frequent scheduled
      dressing changes, and prevention of frequently related complications. Seven
      patients were found to have significant anaerobic involvement. All wounds were
      permitted to heal by secondary intention, and each patient received intravenous
      hyperalimentation. The average duration of hospitalization was 76 days, a period
      not differing significantly from that required by conventional closed methods of
      drainage. Open packing of pancreatic abscesses appears to represent a significant
      advance in the management of these difficult patients.

PMID- 6438822
TI  - Surface morphology and function of human pulmonary alveolar macrophages from
      smokers and non-smokers.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar macrophages were obtained by saline lavage from 23 healthy
      male volunteers--10 non-smokers and 13 cigarette smokers. Lavage produced three
      times as many alveolar macrophages in smokers than in non-smokers. When
      macrophages from smokers and from non-smokers were incubated in vitro, more cells
      from smokers adhered to glass, spread out, and showed enhanced nitroblue
      tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. The surface morphology of alveolar macrophages from
      smokers showed more with a plate like appearance and ridge like membrane surface,
      while the macrophages from non-smokers were predominantly spherical with ruffles.
      The proportions of cells which stained highly for beta galactosidase were 55% in
      smokers and 11% in non-smokers. Thus, in a resting state in vitro, alveolar
      macrophages from smokers were more active than those from non-smokers. When,
      however, macrophages from smokers and non-smokers were incubated with immunobeads
      and with opsonised or non-opsonised BCG, the phagocytic activity and stimulated
      NBT reduction of alveolar macrophages from smokers were similar to or somewhat
      less than those of non-smokers.

PMID- 6438823
TI  - Structure-function relationships of human factor VIII complex studied by
      thioredoxin dependent disulfide reduction.
AB  - A highly purified, multimeric factor VIII complex composed of VIII: vWF and some
      factor VIII: C contained about 100 disulfides per subunit of Mr 260,000. Limited
      reduction of disulfide bonds in this complex by NADPH, thioredoxin reductase and
      thioredoxin leads to partial disaggregation of the multimeric VIII:vWF with
      concomitant loss of its platelet agglutinating activity in the presence of
      ristocetin, and with dissociation of factor VIII:C from the complex. During this
      event, no Mr 260,000 subunit of VIII:vWF is discernible. However, prolonged
      reduction results in the appearance of different multimers, and of some Mr
      260,000 subunits. An N-terminal amino acid sequence for VIII:vWF was deduced. Two
      half-cystine residues in this sequence were shown to be involved in the reaction
      with thioredoxin. It appears possible that the thioredoxin system or other redox
      systems may play a role in regulation of factor VIII activities and of hemostatic
      processes in vivo.

PMID- 6438824
TI  - Pregnancy induces increased platelet responsiveness in the non-human primate.

PMID- 6438825
TI  - Influence of diamide on aggregation, cytoskeletal proteins, and arachidonic acid
      metabolism in human platelets.
AB  - Simultaneous addition of diamide (azodicarboxylic acid-bis-dimethylamide, DIA), a
      SH-oxidizing agent, and collagen causes a deaggregation of otherwise irreversibly
      aggregating platelets. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 12-HE-TE formation is inhibited
      depending on the concentration ratio between collagen and DIA. Thus, at 0.25 mM
      DIA and 20 micrograms/ml collagen neither TXB2 nor 12-HETE were measurable, but a
      full scale reversible aggregation is induced. Deaggregation is further attained
      by adding DIA to collagen-induced aggregates at a time, when maximum amplitude
      has been achieved. Investigation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites under these
      conditions revealed no influence of DIA on AA metabolism. Therefore, AA
      metabolization seems to play a minor role in collagen-induced aggregation and DIA
      induced deaggregation. Polymerization of certain cytoskeletal proteins of the
      platelets, after addition of DIA, parallels DIA-induced deaggregation. DIA
      inhibits endogenous AA release, probably by interaction with platelet plasma
      membrane. DIA seems to inhibit the release of the alpha-granula protein
      thrombospondin.

PMID- 6438826
TI  - Appearance of platelet-clumping activity in heparinized plasma after
      acidification--it's mainly due to aggregation of fibrinogen.
AB  - Platelet-clumping activity was found after acidifying heparinized rabbit plasma
      to pH 5.5 in the presence of calcium ions. We tried to isolate the activity from
      plasma by gel filtration under low salt and high salt condition, and we found
      that the activity was related to the formation of plasma protein aggregates.
      Immunological examination and the results of fibrin monomer affinity
      chromatography indicated that fibrinogen was the main component of the plasma
      aggregates. This phenomenon was not related to the activation of blood
      coagulation. The binding of fibrinogen in the presence of heparin or calcium ions
      at low ionic strength may induce the appearance of platelet-clumping activity.

PMID- 6438827
TI  - XC 386: a new antiplatelet agent.
AB  - XC386 was a new antiplatelet compound, which inhibited the aggregation and
      release reaction of rat platelet-rich plasma induced by collagen. This inhibition
      was dose-dependent and the IC50 was calculated to be 1 mM on collagen-induced
      aggregation. In washed platelets, the aggregations induced by ADP and collagen
      were much more markedly inhibited by XC386 than those induced by thrombin, A23187
      and arachidonate. High calcium (4 to 8 mM) could not antagonize the inhibition.
      XC386 did not alter the malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels of
      resting platelets. But MDA formation induced by collagen, thrombin and A23187,
      and TXB2 formation induced by collagen and thrombin were significantly inhibited,
      while both formations induced by arachidonate were not changed. Combination of
      indomethacin or CP/CPK and XC386 enhanced markedly the inhibitory effect of XC386
      on collagen- or A23187-induced aggregation. It was concluded that XC386 might
      inhibit platelet aggregation before the step of arachidonic acid release by
      phospholipase A2.

PMID- 6438828
TI  - Purification and some properties of rat alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor.
AB  - alpha 2-Plasmin inhibitor was purified from rat plasma by the procedures
      including sequential lysine-Sepharose chromatography, ammonium sulfate
      precipitation and plasminogen-Sepharose, DEAE-Sephadex, concanavalin A-Sepharose,
      and Sephadex G-200 chromatographies. The final preparation was homogeneous as
      judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel- and immuno-electrophoresis.
      It was a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 7.1 X 10(4)
      daltons and was found to possess fast-acting antiplasmin activity. There existed
      other molecular forms of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-related antigen with molecular
      weight of 6.3 X 10(4) and 6.1 X 10(4) daltons. The latter was found to be
      inactive in binding to plasminogen and in inhibiting plasmin activity. Normal
      plasma level of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in rats was immunologically determined
      to be 7.9 +/- 0.8 mg/dl. Indirect evidence was obtained that rat alpha 2-plasmin
      inhibitor was incorporated into cross-linked fibrin during blood clotting.

PMID- 6438829
TI  - The effect of arachidonic acid metabolism on intravascular platelet aggregation
      in rats.
AB  - The effects of BW755C, benoxaprofen, indomethacin and piroxicam were studied on
      intravascular platelet aggregation using continuous platelet counting. Plasma
      levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 (6-keto PGF1 alpha)
      were measured by radioimmunoassay. BW755C, a dual inhibitor of arachidonic acid
      metabolism, potentiated or inhibited aggregation depending on dose. BW755C
      increased TxB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha plasma levels at low doses. At higher doses
      BW755C inhibited aggregation and reduced TxB2 plasma levels. At 16 mg/kg BW755C,
      6-keto PGF1 alpha was detected. Benoxaprofen also potentiated collagen-induced
      aggregation. 8 mg/kg indomethacin was shown to have a short lasting increased
      inhibitory action on collagen-induced aggregation when compared with the more
      specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam. 6-keto PGF1 alpha was detected in
      plasma from rats treated with indomethacin and piroxicam. The results obtained
      using low doses of BW755C suggest that the lipoxygenase pathway is involved in
      platelet aggregation. Interpretation of the results obtained using higher doses
      of drugs also suggests this involvement though some nonspecific actions of the
      drugs must be taken into consideration. Further work is required to detail the
      role of lipoxygenase products in collagen-induced intravascular platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 6438830
TI  - [Diverticula of the stomach].

PMID- 6438831
TI  - [Enteral feeding in cancer of the upper digestive and respiratory tract].

PMID- 6438832
TI  - Induction of ovulation with an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen.
AB  - Tamoxifen (Norvadex), synthesized by the Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., is a
      triphenylethylene derivative having a clomiphene-like structure and displays anti
      estrogenic activities. In this study we used tamoxifen for the treatment of
      anovulatory infertility and investigated the clinical results. Induction rate of
      ovulation recorded 100% in the patients with sporadic anovulatory cycle, 83.3% in
      those with persistent anovulatory cycle, 70% in those with the first grade
      amenorrhea type I and 66.7% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type II.
      However, tamoxifen was absolutely ineffective against the second grade
      amenorrhea. The patients with sporadic or persistent anovulatory cycle responded
      to 40 mg-daily tamoxifen-treatment, recording 100% of ovulatory induction rate.
      The patients with the first grade amenorrhea also responded to 60 mg-daily
      treatment, indicating 70% of ovulatory induction rate. The rate of pregnancy
      established in the women desiring pregnancy marked 15.4%, and 2 out of 4 women
      with successful pregnancy experienced spontaneous abortion. Out of 4 patients who
      did not respond to the previous clomiphene treatment, 3 women accomplished
      ovulatory induction with tamoxifen. The endocrinological dynamics in the
      tamoxifen treatment were similar to those in the clomiphene treatment.

PMID- 6438833
TI  - Verapamil: failure of metabolic amelioration following global forebrain ischemia
      in the rat.
AB  - The potential efficacy of the calcium channel blocker verapamil in modifying
      ischemic brain injury was evaluated in anesthetized rats subjected to 60 or 90
      min of diffuse forebrain ischemia produced by bilateral occlusion of the carotid
      and vertebral arteries. Treated animals received verapamil, 2 mg/kg
      intravenously, prior to ischemia. Four hours of postischemic recirculation was
      permitted by reversing the carotid occlusions. Intermittent high-voltage slow
      wave activity was noted on electroencephalograms shortly after verapamil
      infusion, prior to ischemia. The ischemic insult induced an isoelectric EEG,
      which tended to persist during recirculation in both treated and untreated
      animals. Similarly, verapamil pretreatment failed to influence brain water
      content or cerebral energy metabolites (phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, AMP) or
      cerebral energy charge when assayed after four hours of recirculation. Thus,
      verapamil failed to confer a protective effect on brain electrical activity,
      water content, or energy metabolites following ischemia in this model.

PMID- 6438834
TI  - Valproic acid in breast milk: how much is really there?
AB  - Valproic acid (VPA) concentrations were measured by a sensitive and highly
      specific gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay in breast milk from 16
      patients treated with VPA during 17 lactation periods. The range of VPA levels in
      36 breast milk samples was 0.4-3.9 micrograms/ml (mean 1.9 +/- 1.2 microgram/ml).
      During the investigations of breast milk it was found that the concentration of
      total VPA in breast milk was not much higher than that of unbound VPA. These
      findings agree with clinical observations of infants fed with milk from VPA
      treated mothers.

PMID- 6438835
TI  - Determination of tolrestat, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, in serum and
      tissues.
AB  - An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method and a high-performance liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) method were developed for the determination of tolrestat,
      a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, in serum. The limits of detection of the
      methods are 15 micrograms/ml and 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. With human
      serum, a modification of the HPLC method provides sensitivity to 25 ng/ml. The
      specificity of the methods were compared. The HPLC method can be applied to the
      lens and the sciatic nerve.

PMID- 6438836
TI  - External skin stapling: a cost-effective device.

PMID- 6438837
TI  - Antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi detected by different classes and subclasses of
      antibodies.
AB  - The kinetics of the appearance of specific IgM and of subclasses of IgG
      antibodies following infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi and the antigens of
      amastigotes and epimastigotes recognized by these antibodies were investigated by
      using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and the protein transfer
      technique. IgM and IgG2 antibodies were detected almost at the same time and
      peaked on day 30 and 40 of infection respectively. On day 150 of infection IgM
      antibodies were barely detectable whereas IgG2 antibodies were still at a high
      titre. IgG3 and IgG1 antibodies were first detected on days 20 and 30, peaked on
      days 30 and 50 respectively, and were still detected at low titres on day 150 of
      infection. The immunofluorescent test with each antibody revealed differences in
      the patterns of the fluorescent staining of the organisms, particularly with
      amastigotes. These differences were most striking with IgG3 antibodies.
      Fluorescent staining with IgM or IgG1 was localized mostly on one or two poles of
      the amastigotes; with IgG2 it was over the entire body of either amastigotes or
      epimastigotes; and with IgG3 it was in the form of very small spots over the
      entire body of organisms of both stages. The Western blots revealed that each
      antibody apparently recognized the same antigens in both the epimastigote and
      amastigote antigen preparations. The 90 Kd MW antigen of epimastigotes as well as
      two antigens of MW 92 Kd and 90 Kd of amastigotes were recognized by each of the
      antibodies examined.

PMID- 6438838
TI  - The preparation of leukocyte-poor red cells for transfusion by a simple cost
      effective technique.
AB  - A modification of the microaggregate filtration technique for the production of
      leukocyte-poor red cell concentrate is described. The modified technique, termed
      'spin, cool, and filter', removed leukocytes more efficiently from relatively
      fresh blood than the original microaggregate filtration procedure. The residual
      leukocyte content of 4- to 9-day-old units processed by the modified procedure
      averaged less than 0.4 X 10(9) white cells per unit. The microaggregate
      filtration technique, supplemented by buffy-coat exclusion, removed more than 93
      percent of the units' white cells. These red cell products were prepared easily
      and did not elicit febrile reactions in highly susceptible patients.

PMID- 6438839
TI  - Cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor production from blood collected in quad
      packs or from blood with delayed processing. The importance of plasma thawing
      method.
AB  - Two alternate approaches to increasing the supply of plasma suitable for the
      production of cryoprecipitated AHF (cryo) were evaluated. In the first, cryo was
      prepared from blood collected in quadruple packs from which red cells and
      platelets also were made. This procedure resulted in a mean reduction of starting
      plasma volume of about 25 percent with a concomitant decrease in factor VIII
      coagulant activity (FVIII:C) of cryo when compared to approximately 2000 cryos
      made in triple packs assayed in our laboratory during the past year. However,
      American Red Cross (ARC) regions using a higher yield waterbath method of thawing
      plasma successfully produced quadruple pack cryos with a mean potency of 109
      international units per container and about 90 percent of them met federal
      potency requirements. This was not the case for ARC regions using the lower yield
      method of thawing plasma in a refrigerator. The second approach involved cryo
      production from plasma frozen following 15 hours of cold storage of either the
      separated plasma or whole blood. Cold storage of plasma resulted in small but
      insignificant decreases in FVIII:C potency and yield in the cryo. However, there
      was a 20 percent decrease in FVIII:C yield in cryo produced from frozen plasma
      following 15 hours of cold storage of whole blood. Again, the decrease in FVIII:C
      yield resulting from interim blood storage was compensated for by the use of the
      higher yield waterbath method.

PMID- 6438840
TI  - Preparation of pooled cryoprecipitate for treatment of hemophilia A in a home
      care program.
AB  - Cryoprecipitate is used infrequently in home therapy for patients with hemophilia
      A since freezer storage is required and resuspension and pooling of thawed
      cryoprecipitate is cumbersome. We evaluated procedures for preparation of
      cryoprecipitate in an "open system" so that four to six bags of cryoprecipitate
      could be pooled after production and refrozen for home therapy. Factor VIII
      activity for pooled cryoprecipitate was 132 +/- 30 (mean +/- SD), 125 +/- 45, and
      145 +/- 47 units per bag pooled in three separate studies. Cultures from
      cryoprecipitate pools and individual cryoprecipitate bags did not show
      contamination in the "open system" or with the water bath thawing procedure. The
      mean increment in factor VIII activity per unit per kg infused was 0.02 units per
      ml and the mean half-life was 10.5 hours in three patients with hemophilia A.
      Pooled cryoprecipitate was shown to be clinically efficacious and acceptable for
      use in home care programs for hemophilia A.

PMID- 6438841
TI  - The effect of dithiothreitol on the LW antigen.
AB  - Dithiothreitol (DTT) has been found to destroy the integrity of the LW antigen.
      This may pose a problem when DTT is used to differentiate IgM from IgG anti-LW,
      or may be used as an aid in the identification of anti-LW.

PMID- 6438842
TI  - Allo-anti-E in an 18-day old-infant.

PMID- 6438843
TI  - A D variant, Del?

PMID- 6438844
TI  - The use of direct ultraviolet irradiation and cyclosporine in facilitating
      indefinite pancreatic islet allograft acceptance.
AB  - We have previously shown that direct ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of islets can
      reduce their immunogenicity without alteration of their endocrine function and
      effect prolonged survival of islet allografts in the Lewis-to-ACI strain
      combination without the use of immunosuppression. This study extends that work to
      investigate the survival of UV-irradiated Wistar-Furth islets in streptozotocin
      diabetic Lewis rats, in which case the recipient is a relatively "high responder"
      to W/F alloantigens. Lewis recipients of 24-hr cultured W/F islets uniformly
      rejected islet allografts within one week of transplantation while the additional
      immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CsA) at 15 or 30 mg/kg on days 0, +1, and +2
      was ineffective in prolonging islet allograft survival. Wistar-Furth islets,
      which were UV-irradiated at 850-900 J/m2 and cultured for 24 hr prior to
      transplantation, did not survive any longer than those in control animals
      receiving untreated islets (MST 5.5 +/- 1 day). When UV irradiation of islets was
      combined with recipient peritransplant treatment with CsA at 15 mg/kg on days 0,
      +1, and +2 islet allograft survival was markedly prolonged (MST of 18 +/- 4.1
      days). Treatment of diabetic recipients of UV irradiated islets with an increased
      dose of CsA (30 mg/kg) during the same peri-transplant period (0, +1, +2 days)
      resulted in 100% islet allograft survival beyond 120 days. This data demonstrate
      the effectiveness and synergism between the use of the pretransplant UV
      irradiation of islet allograft and the peritransplant immunosuppression of the
      recipient with CsA in inducing prolonged islet allograft survival in "high
      responder" recipients, in which the singular use of either modality may be
      ineffective.

PMID- 6438845
TI  - Differential requirements for class II MHC antigen in human T cell activation.
AB  - We have employed three different models of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      antigen to investigate the role of these antigens in some aspects of human T cell
      activation in in vitro; specifically the induction of lymphokine synthesis and
      receptors, and in antigen presentation. Those models were (1) allogeneic
      platelets (class I alone); (2) D/DR compatible lymphocytes (class I plus
      nonimmunogenic class II); and (3) allogeneic heat-treated lymphocytes. After
      heating at 45 C for 1 hr, the latter are completely viable and express both class
      I (HLA A and B) and class II (HLA, DR, MT/MB) MHC antigens but do not stimulate
      in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). These models were compared with
      conventional irradiated MLR stimulating or antigen-presenting cells. Only the
      conventional cells were able to stimulate the synthesis of interleukin-1 and
      interleukin-2. Also, irradiated but not heat-treated non-T cells could present
      soluble antigen to autologous T cells. This implies that intact and unmodified Ia
      molecules are required for those responses. On the other hand, heat treated
      allogeneic lymphocytes and D/DR-compatible lymphocytes but not allogeneic
      platelets could induce responsiveness to interleukin-2. This function appears to
      require a heat stable but nonallogeneic component of the class II molecules. Our
      previous observations employing these models have also shown that there is yet a
      third category of T cell responses, including memory cell priming and suppressor
      cell induction, that can occur in the presence of predominantly class I antigen.
      Taken together, these data illustrate the functional heterogeneity of T cell
      responses to Ia-like antigens. The possible relevance of these findings to
      clinical transplantation is discussed.

PMID- 6438846
TI  - Depressed natural killer function in transplant recipients: an analysis.

PMID- 6438847
TI  - Prolongation of survival time of rat pancreatic islet allografts by tissue
      culture.

PMID- 6438848
TI  - Immunobiology of strongyloidiasis.
AB  - Strongyloides stercoralis causes a usually silent infection that, under certain
      conditions of altered host-parasite balance, may become a severe, often fatal,
      disseminated disease. Patients, as well as experimental animals, develop specific
      humoral and cellular responses to the tissue-invading stage of the parasite, the
      filariform larvae. These responses, however, while potentially useful for
      diagnostic purposes, appear to be of little importance in determining the course
      of the disease. It is suggested that local intestinal factors may play a central
      role in the control of autoinfection. Until these questions are resolved and more
      accurate diagnostic methods are devised, preventive therapy in all patients from
      endemic areas that must undergo immunosuppressive therapy is advised.

PMID- 6438849
TI  - [Changes in the cytoskeleton and surface charge as a possible cause of the
      increased mechanical binding between enterocytes in the small intestine
      epithelium induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine].
AB  - Alterations in the mechanical linkage between the enterocytes in BALB/c mouse
      colonic epithelium were investigated under the influence of agents affinitable to
      the cell surface and cytoskeleton. It is found that cytochalasin B (10(-6) - 10(
      5) g/ml), low pH (pH 3) and low concentration of colchicine (10(-8) g/ml)
      increased, but EDTA (5 X 10(-3) g/ml) and high concentration of colchicine (10(
      4) g/ml) reduced the magnitude of mechanical linkage between the enterocytes. A
      comparative analysis of the data obtained with the control and with 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH) treated mice indicates that probable reasons of a DMH
      induced rise in the intercellular mechanical linkage may involve the decrease in
      electrostatic repulsive forces between the cell surfaces, and the weakening of
      centripetal tensions due to a decrease in negative surface charge and
      disorganization of the microfilament system, respectively. These alterations of
      the cell surface negative charge and the cytoskeleton are expressed on day 3
      after a single injection of DMH and are seen to persist during repeated
      carcinogen applications.

PMID- 6438850
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathy (IgM-k) in a patient with Burkitt's type lymphoblastic
      lymphoma.
AB  - We report a Burkitt's type lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LL) case characterized by an
      abnormal IgMk immunoglobulin secretion and referred to us on February 12, 1982.
      The diagnosis has been histologically documented and the pathological stage of
      the disease (IV B) was determined according to the diagnostic criteria usually
      employed for the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Serum proteins were determined by
      electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The review of the literature has allowed us
      to ascertain that the presence of a monoclonal IgM peak can be associated with
      NHL, particularly with those of B cell type and in adult subjects. Up to now,
      only six IgM B-LL secreting cases have been described. The biological and
      prognostic significance of this elevated Ig secretion is uncertain; therefore it
      may be important for the future to evaluate, in B-LL this immunological
      parameter.

PMID- 6438851
TI  - Phase II study of ifosfamide combined with Mesna uroprotection in advanced non
      small-cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors.
AB  - Thirty six patients with advanced solid tumors (24 lung: 3 oat-cell, 14 squamous,
      7 adenocarcinomas, 3 soft tissue sarcomas, 6 breast carcinomas; 1 seminoma; 2
      ovarian adenocarcinomas) entered a phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide (IF)
      administered in combination with the uroprotective agent sodium 2-mercapto-ethane
      sulfonate (Mesna). Fourteen patients had prior treatment; most patients with lung
      cancer (22/24) were previously untreated; all had measurable disease. The
      patients median age was 59 (range 31-74). IF was given at 1.8 g/m2 days 1-5 q 4
      weeks. Mesna was given after each IF injection at 0, 4 and 8 h randomly, either
      i.v. (0.36 g/m2) or orally (0.72 g/m2). Twenty-four patients had greater than or
      equal to 3 courses of therapy, 9 had 2 courses, and 3 had only 1 course; 129
      courses were evaluated for toxicity. Mesna was given orally (17 patients, 57
      courses) or i.v. (19 patients, 72 courses). The following side-effect were
      observed: no gross hematuria, microhematuria (14 courses), transitory mild
      proteinuria (34 courses), leukopenia grade I-II ECOG (26 courses), anemia grade I
      ECOG (31 courses), 1 case of pancytopenia, alopecia (31 patients), nausea
      (moderate, 33 courses; severe, 6 courses), vomiting (moderate, 17 courses;
      severe, 1 course). Five patients showed a partial response (1 oat-cell carcinoma,
      2 with squamous lung cancer, 1 with ovarian carcinoma, 1 with breast carcinoma),
      14 showed a minor response (2 patients with oat-cell carcinoma, 2 with lung
      adenocarcinoma, 5 with squamous lung cancer, 1 with seminoma, 1 with sarcoma, 1
      with ovarian carcinoma), and 14 showed progression of disease (7 patients with
      squamous cell lung cancer, 4 with lung adenocarcinoma, 1 with sarcoma, 2 with
      breast carcinoma). Considering partial plus minor responses, ifosfamide produced
      some degree of tumor reduction (PR + MR) in 12/23 (52.1%) lung cancer patients.
      The data reported support the conclusions that Mesna can prevent high-dose IF
      bladder toxicity, that IF is active in advanced solid tumors, including lung
      cancer, and that the IF + Mesna combination is a generally safe treatment
      procedure.

PMID- 6438852
TI  - [Inactivation of o-diphenoloxidase in the pyrocatechol oxidation reaction].
AB  - The inactivation kinetics of o-diphenoloxidase isolated from potato tubers was
      studied in the process of pyrocatechol oxidation. The enzyme when saturated with
      the substrate is inactivated with the inactivation rate constant kin = 0.5-1.0
      min-1; kin depends on the initial concentration of pyrocatechol. The ultimate
      yield of the enzymic reaction product increases linearly with the initial
      concentration of the enzyme. Introduction of ethylene-diaminosulphate, a
      substance which condenses with o-quinones, does not increase the operation
      stability of o-diphenoloxidase. The data obtained evidence for inactivation of o
      diphenoloxidase either at the level of the enzyme-substrate complex or due to
      bimolecular reaction with the substrate.

PMID- 6438853
TI  - [Amino acid composition of proteoglycan protein of human articular cartilage in
      normal conditions and in degeneration].
AB  - Proteoglycan protein of human articular cartilage is found to contain a
      considerable amount of leucine, proline, glutaminic acid and glycine. The amino
      acid composition of various proteoglycan fractions differs in the methionine
      content. Proteoglycan protein from the degeneratively changed cartilage contains
      a less amount of lysine and serine. It is supposed that the found changes may be
      induced by the atypical synthesis of the proteoglycan protein shaft by
      chondrocytes under the cartilage degeneration.

PMID- 6438854
TI  - [A new functional schema. III. Employment].

PMID- 6438855
TI  - Independence of hypoxic death of inspiratory PCO2 in rats and fossorial mole
      rats.
AB  - Laboratory white rats and fossorial mole rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) were subjected
      to progressive hypoxia by enclosure in a thermoregulated, confined atmosphere.
      Variable levels of environmental CO2 were obtained by controlling the duration of
      CO2 absorbance. Rats had preimplanted electroencephalographic (EEG) and
      electrocardiographic (EKG) electrodes and a rectal temperature probe. Animals
      were followed until their last gasp and EEG flattening, at which time the
      chamber's atmosphere was analyzed. The mole rat demonstrated a significantly
      lower terminal PIO2 [20.9 +/- 3.5 (SD) vs. 38.0 +/- 8.4 (SD) Torr]; however, in
      both animals terminal PIO2 was independent of PICO2 over a range of the latter of
      0-117 Torr. Rats showed a progressive decline in rectal temperature from a PIO2
      of 80 Torr on, amounting finally to 2.3 degrees C. The rats' oxygen consumption
      was maintained down to a PIO2 of 65 Torr and declined from then on. A group of
      rats with maximal CO2 accumulation showed a greater decline of rectal temperature
      and a steeper drop of VO2 with respect to PO2 compared to a group with no CO2
      buildup. The main result was unexpected, in view of the theoretical synergism of
      the adverse effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia, and should reorient current
      thinking on survival and resuscitation in confined spaces.

PMID- 6438856
TI  - [Hospital practice of a general practitioner at the Laval City of Health].

PMID- 6438857
TI  - Intravesical and systemic chemotherapy in the management of superficial bladder
      cancer.
AB  - Before deciding to begin intravesical prophylaxis, the physician must categorize
      the patient with respect to the stage of the tumor and the multiplicity of
      lesions. This may require mucosal biopsies in order to determine whether the
      patient had unifocal or multifocal disease. Thiotepa, mitomycin C, and
      doxorubicin hydrochloride are discussed specifically and compared.

PMID- 6438858
TI  - Nutritional assessment and therapy in advanced urothelial cancer.
AB  - Patients with advanced urothelial cancers often have cachexia and anorexia
      resulting in severe malnutrition and depressed immunologic function. Careful
      nutritional assessment early in their evaluation and early use of parenteral and
      enteral nutritional supplements play an important role in allowing these patients
      to withstand their therapies safely as well as in improving their prognosis.

PMID- 6438859
TI  - [Prevention of tumor formation in the bladder by sodium-2-mercaptoethane
      sulfonate (mesna). Experimental studies and clinical consequences].
AB  - An experimental model was developed, in which urinary bladder cancer was induced
      by cyclophosphamide in rats, thus reproducing cyclophosphamide-induced urinary
      bladder carcinogenesis observed in humans. It was possible in this model to
      achieve a highly significant reduction of cyclophosphamide-induced urinary
      bladder cancer by concomitant administration of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate
      (mesna). A significant delay of urinary bladder carcinogenesis by administration
      of the uroprotective substance mesna was also observed when using
      butylbutanolnitrosamine for inducing urinary bladder cancer. It was thus for the
      first time possible to assure chemoprevention of this tumor type by
      administration of a specific antidote.

PMID- 6438860
TI  - Outpatient surgery in pediatric urology patient.
AB  - Outpatient surgery in children with straightforward surgical problems has proved
      to be safe and cost effective. We have analyzed our experience in 138 consecutive
      "short-stay" surgical patients in terms of (1) cost effectiveness, (2) surgical
      procedure, and (3) complications. Selection of a patient for outpatient surgery
      requires a thorough preoperative evaluation as well as close cooperation between
      surgeon, anesthesiologist, and operating room staff.

PMID- 6438861
TI  - [Cytotoxic antibodies against lymphocytic antigens of cattle].
AB  - Typing reagents for the identification of bovine lymphocyte antigens were
      prepared. Sera obtained from cows killed in slaughterhouse were a good source of
      cytotoxic antibodies. Out of the 300 sera tested, 98 were cytotoxically active.
      The selected sera with a low reaction frequency were tested on a panel of 132 non
      related animals. On the basis of the correlations between the sera, thirty of
      them could be included in four clusters. The sera within each cluster were
      closely associated; hence it can be assumed that a distinct specificity is
      represented by each of the clusters. It is suggested by correlation analysis and
      by the distribution of antigens in the population under study that the determined
      antigens fall within the same system and are genetically controlled by one or
      several closely associated loci.

PMID- 6438862
TI  - [Use of culled cows as embryo donors].
AB  - In a trial, 134 donors (cows and first-calvers) culled for slaughter owing to a
      low performance, udder disease, infertility and other reasons (termination of
      productive age, foot disease, etc.) were treated with 2000 to 4000 i. u. PMSG
      (Serum gonadotropin, Bioveta) to induce superovulation. The embryos were obtained
      post mortem on the sixth to ninth day after the first insemination. Among the
      donors culled for infertility the proportion of superovulated animals was 53.1%
      and among those culled for "the other" reasons this proportion was only 46.2%;
      out of the cows eliminated for a low performance and udder diseases 76.3% and
      70.6% were superovulated. The highest stimulation was obtained in cows culled for
      "the other" reasons (14.58 CL) and for infertility (12.41 CL). The level of
      embryo gain was good in donors culled for a low performance (57.3% of CL number,
      6.82 eggs), for "the other" reasons (59.3%, 8.64 eggs) and for udder diseases
      (62.6%, 6.83 eggs), it was the lowest in infertile donors (46%; 5.71 eggs-P
      insignificant). These donors had the largest proportion of embryos suitable for
      transfer--66.9% out of the eggs obtained. A good proportion of suitable embryos
      was also found in donors culled for a low performance (61.7%) and for "the other"
      reasons (55.8%); the lowest proportion of suitable embryos was obtained in the
      donors with diseased udders (48.8%). Good proportions of superovulated donors
      (from 53.5% to 85.7%) and acceptable results of stimulation were kept for about a
      year after calving.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438863
TI  - [Effect of pregnant mare serum on bovine luteal tissue].
AB  - Trials were conducted with four heifers and twelve dairy cows to study the
      luteotropic effect of the serum of pregnant mares administered at the rates of
      2000 to 3000 units. The effect of serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on ovarian activity
      was compared with the ovarian activity of control animals and ovarian activity
      after the administration of hypophyseal hormones. The highest progesterone
      concentration of PMSG-treated cows ranged from 41.9 to 74.3 ng per ml of milk; in
      the control group this range was between 32.2 and 43.1 ng per ml and in the group
      of gonadotropin-treated cows between 31.7 and 44.8 ng per ml. In heifers the
      progesterone levels increased from 3.56 to 4.58 ng per ml of plasma within 24
      hours from the administration of PMSG. After 48 hours from administration the
      average progesterone concentration increased to 11.02 ng per ml of plasma. The
      animals which did not respond to PMSG administration by the growth of follicles
      exhibited an increased secretion of progesterone. The administration of
      hypophyseal hormones in the luteal stage of sexual cycle did not exert any
      significant influence on progesterone concentration, but stimulated the growth of
      follicles.

PMID- 6438864
TI  - [Adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells of the rumen wall].
AB  - A method was developed for the quality and quantity testing of the adherence of
      bacteria to epithelial cells isolated from the rumen wall of sheep and cows. It
      was possible by this method to include the tested strains of Bifidobacterium,
      Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Staphylococcus and Escherichia
      microorganisms in groups of highly adherent, intermediate and slightly adherent
      microorganisms. The possibilities of using this method for the study of
      influencing the adherence of epimural rumen bacteria are studied.

PMID- 6438865
TI  - [The effect of apramycin on bacterial contamination and the survival of boar
      semen during a short preservation period].
AB  - 264 ejaculate samples taken from seven boars were tested for the bacteriostatic
      action of apramycin and for its effect on some sperm quality parameters during 96
      hour storage. Apralan soluble powder, produced by Elanco Products Limited, was
      used in the trials at the concentrations of 2.5 to 500 mg per 1000 ml of diluent.
      The preparation was evaluated according to sperm motility during storage,
      according to the concentration pattern of hydrogen ions, morphological changes in
      spermatozoa, thermoresistance test, bacteriological tests and other examinations.
      The concentrations of 200 to 250 mg of apramycin in combination with 500 000 i.
      u. of G-penicillin potassium salt had a statistically significantly more
      favourable effect on the survival of boar sperm, as compared with the combination
      of streptomycin with penicillin.

PMID- 6438866
TI  - [Use of liquid chromatography for the determination of formaldehyde in biological
      materials].
AB  - Formaldehyde can be displaced from a homogenized sample by stem distillation.
      After transfer to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone it can be determined by liquid
      chromatography in reverse phase. The detection limit of the method is 2.5 ng/ml.

PMID- 6438867
TI  - [Submucosal vestibulo-vaginal administration of cloprostenol (Oestrophan-Spofa)
      in cows in relation to estrus activity, conception, and the level of progesterone
      in milk].
AB  - Trials were performed to examine the effectiveness of 250 micrograms (1 ml) of
      cloprostenol (Oestrophan Spofa) implantation under the mucous membrane of the
      vaginal vestibule of 128 cows with a clinically pronounced corpus luteum on
      ovaries. Within 72 hours from administration, oestrus was observed in 112 animals
      (85.5%). Out of the 97 cows inseminated, 63 cows (64.94%) got in calf. The
      effectiveness of the luteolytic action was examined on the basis of progesterone
      check in milk in 56 treated cows. The submucous implantation of cloprostenol
      rapidly degraded the function of the corpus luteum since from the original level
      of 14.78 ng/ml progesterone decreased to 0.87 ng/ml within 72 hours. However,
      luteolysis did not affect all the corpora lutea. Hence the submucous
      administration of cloprostenol was found to be effective, and at the same time,
      highly economical, owing to a substantial reduction in the costs of reproduction
      control as well as the costs of production.

PMID- 6438868
TI  - [Territorial dissemination of antibodies against leptospirae at individual farms
      throughout a district, detected on the basis of serological testing of slaughter
      cattle and pigs].
AB  - The serological reaction of microagglutination-lysis (RMAL) was performed to
      examine 4995 head of slaughter cattle and 8211 slaughter pigs for the presence of
      antibodies to leptospirae. The animals came from 33 farms of the Strakonice
      district. Antibodies to leptospirae were found in slaughter cattle from 25
      (75.75%) farms and in slaughter pigs from 24 (72.72%) farms. As suggested by the
      examination, the antibodies to leptospirae occur in animals throughout the
      territory of the district, irrespective of the nature of the landscape. The
      occurrence of the above-mentioned antibodies on farms occurred within the range
      from 0.52% to 8.33% in slaughter cattle and from 0.32% to 8.10% in slaughter
      pigs; only rarely did it exceed 9.0%. The most frequent reactions were those with
      the leptospirae of the L. grippotyphosa serovar.

PMID- 6438869
TI  - [Renal regulation of the excretion of urea in fasting camels].
AB  - Experiments were performed with young two-humped camels exposed to 36-hour
      starvation with free access to water. The renal functions were measured by the
      standard clearance method. In spite of the administration of 20 micrograms DDAVP,
      a higher urine flow rate was recorded in the camels subjected to control
      measurements (feed intake) than in the fasting period (1.45 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.96 +/-
      0.06 ml . min-1, P less than less than 0.001). On the second day of fasting the
      camels had a significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR 317.5 +/- 23.2
      vs. 170.2 +/- 17.4 ml . min-1, P less than 0.001), urea output (700.5 +/- 62.9
      vs. 352.2 +/- 64.7 mumol . min-1, P less than 0.005), and fractional excretion of
      urea (26.9 +/- 2.8 vs. 17.9 +/- 1.7%, P less than 0.01), whereas their tubular
      resorption. of urea (Reab urea/GFR) increased (6.28 +/- 0.61 vs. 9.12 +/- 0.82
      mumol . ml-1, P less than 0.02). No significant difference was found in the
      concentration of urea in plasma in the fed camels and in fasting camels (8.55 +/-
      0.64 vs. 11.18 +/- 1.09 mmol . l-1, N. S.). The creatinine inulin clearance ratio
      (C creat/Cin) was 0.92 +/- 0.07 when the animals were fed and 1.17 +/- 0.05 when
      the animals starved (P less than 0.001); this suggests that the clearance of
      endogenous creatinine is not suitable for GFR measurement in camels under
      different conditions of nutrition. The kidneys of camels regulate the excretion
      of urea during short-time fasting mainly through the reduction of glomerular
      filtration rate and just partly through an increased tubular resorption.

PMID- 6438870
TI  - [The effect of prolonged whole-body gamma irradiation of 6,7 Gy and 4,8 Gy (700
      and 500 R) on the trypsin inhibiting activity (TIA) of blood, the cervical mucus
      and the morphological structure of the cervix in ewes].
AB  - The pattern of changes in the trypsin-inhibition activities (TIA) of blood
      plasma, cervical mucus and in the morphological structure of cervix was studied
      in ewes exposed to 60Co radiation for seven and five days, the radiation doses
      being 6.7 Gy and 4.8 Gy (700 and 500 R). During exposure, the group of ewes
      irradiated with 4.8 Gy was given the Roboran vitamin premix in addition to
      standard feed. After termination of irradiation the animals in this trial were
      given the ampicillin antibiotic (5250 mg). TIA was determined from the
      retardation of the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate N-alpha-tosyl-p
      nitroanilide (TAPA) by bovine trypsin; the TIA was expressed as the percentage of
      inhibited trypsin. As found on the day of the termination of irradiation, almost
      all the studied TIA values of blood plasma and cervical mucus were increased in
      the irradiated animals, the range being from 103.1 to 155.0% of the levels for
      non-irradiated ewes. A reduction was recorded only in total TIA of blood plasma
      in the group irradiated with the dose of 6.7 Gy (83.1% of the values for non
      irradiated animals). In the group of animals irradiated with 4.8 Gy and fed no
      Roboran, the TIA of cervical mucus was observed to decrease to 92.4%. When
      evaluating the average TIA of different test groups throughout the experiment it
      was found that all the studied TIA values of the irradiated animals increased
      within a range from 104.1 to 184.0% of the values for untreated ewes. It was only
      in the average values of total TIA in blood plasma that, after irradiation with
      6.7 Gy, a decrease to 92.7% of the level without irradiation was recorded. It was
      found during the study of changes in the proportions of glands in the stroma and
      changes in epithelium thickness in the mucous membrane of cervix uteri that the
      irradiated ewes had the epithelium thickness reduced to 95.3%-65.5% and that
      their stromal gland number decreased to 75.4%-79.7% of that recorded in non
      irradiated animals. It was only in the group given a Roboran supplement that an
      increase to 123.7% of the gland number for untreated ewes was recorded on the
      tenth day after the termination of irradiation.

PMID- 6438871
TI  - [Findings of Corynebacterium equi Magnusson 1923 in connection with foal
      mortality in the Eastern Bohemia Region].
AB  - A case history of mass foal disease which affected ten of the total stock of 50
      foals and killed eight is described. The disease was characterized by respiratory
      disorders and extensive pneumonias with abscess formation, metastatic abscesses
      in mesenterial lymph nodes and in other organs. As a result of the examination of
      two dead foals and three nasal smears from diseased animals, gram-positive
      bacteria were isolated from the lungs, pulmonary and abdominal abscesses and the
      nasal smears of the affected foals; with their cultivation, morphological and
      biochemical characteristics these bacteria correspond to the species
      Corynebacterium equi. The properties of the four isolated strains were compared
      with the most important literary data.

PMID- 6438872
TI  - Plasma hormone changes in cows during induced or spontaneous calvings and the
      early post partum period.
AB  - Plasma progesterone, oestradiol, 13,14-dihydro, 15-keto, prostaglandin F2 alpha
      (PGFM) and luteinising hormone were measured in daily samples from eight dairy
      cows for 15 days before and after spontaneous calving, and compared to patterns
      obtained from 15 cows during and after induction of parturition with
      dexamethasone +/- prostaglandin. The average (+/- sd) length of pregnancy in the
      control cows was 285 +/- 3.04 days compared to 264 +/- 7.4 days in the induced
      group. Only nine cows required prostaglandin on day 11 after dexamethasone, which
      resulted in all nine calving 1.7 +/- 0.3 days later. Eight of the 15 treated cows
      retained the fetal membranes; however, the calving to first heat interval for all
      treated cows was 46.7 +/- 10 days (range 30 to 66 days) and calving to conception
      52.4 +/- 17 days (range 30 to 85 days) compared to 42.1 +/- 15 days (range 28 to
      64 days) and 76.5 +/- 24 days (range 54 to 115 days) respectively for the eight
      cows which calved without induction. The pre-partum hormone profiles were similar
      in all cows. Hormone profiles in the post partum period were also similar in all
      cows, irrespective of previous history. Baseline values for progesterone and
      oestradiol were not reached until 4.6 +/- 1.7 days and 2.75 +/- 0.7 days post
      partum respectively, whereas PGFM values increased for two or three days,
      reaching baseline levels 8.87 +/- 2.10 days later. Five cows had secondary peaks
      of PGFM on days 5,6 and 7. Luteinising hormone values increased steadily after
      calving in all cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438873
TI  - Characterization of salt-extractable protein antigens from Brucella abortus by
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis and isoelectricfocusing.
AB  - Salt-extractable protein antigens (CSP) from Brucella abortus strains 19 and 2308
      (vaccine and virulent strains, respectively) were analysed by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) using rabbit antisera to protein antigens and by
      isoelectricfocusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gels. The reference
      immunoelectrophoretic profiles developed for proteins from strain 19 and 2308 of
      B. abortus contained 20 and 25 immunoprecipitates, respectively. Serum from cows
      experimentally infected or hyperimmunized with live organisms produced up to 5
      immunoprecipitates in CIE with the protein antigens. Absorption of rabbit sera
      with homologous B. abortus cells reduced, but did not eliminate all of the
      immunoprecipitates from rabbit sera, suggesting that the majority, but not all of
      the protein components, are exposed on the surface of the cell. In contrast,
      antibody to protein antigens in agglutinin-free absorbed serum from infected
      cattle could still be demonstrated by CIE, even though CIE with protein extracts
      from whole cells radioiodinated with the cell surface labeling reagent,
      diazoiodusulfanilic acid, indicated that these antigens may be at or near the
      surface of the cell. From CIE in heterologous systems we concluded that all
      proteins present in strain 19 preparations were partially or completely identical
      to those in strain 2308. The IEF studies paralleled the CIE studies and revealed
      that the protein profile from strain 2308 was more complex than the profile from
      strain 19. Major differences between the 2 strains were found in the pH region
      from 3.9 to 5.0, where strain 2308 exhibited 4 additional protein bands.

PMID- 6438874
TI  - Suppression of IgA synthesis in chickens.
AB  - Four different protocols were tested for the induction of IgA deficiency in
      chickens: (I) inoculation of anti-alpha intra-peritoneally (i.p.) on alternate
      days after hatching up to a period of three weeks; (II) bursectomy within 6 h and
      at 24 h after hatching; (III) in-ovo injection of anti-alpha on the 17th day of
      embryonation followed by bursectomy at 24 h of hatch and a single injection of
      anti-alpha i.p. on the day of hatching; (IV) as in III above but bursectomy
      within 6 h of hatch, followed by three further injections of anti-alpha on days
      3, 10 and 34 after hatching. Treatment (I) produced temporary
      dysgammaglobulinemia during the period of treatment. Bursectomy at 24 h of hatch
      rendered 75% of the chicks IgA deficient up to four weeks of age. Early
      bursectomy within 6 h of hatch resulted in substantial improvement of IgA
      suppression. Such chicks, when tested at 4, 6 and 10 weeks of age, were found to
      be 81, 72 and 58.3% IgA deficient, respectively. With treatment (III) all the
      treated birds were IgA deficient at four weeks of age. However, as the birds grew
      older, IgA appeared in the serum so that at the age of 12 weeks only 27.3% were
      deficient. Treatment (IV) completely suppressed the IgA system of 13 out of 14
      chickens. These chickens lacked both serum and secretory IgA as well as IgA
      containing cells in their intestinal mucosa. Both IgG and IgM continued to be
      produced.

PMID- 6438875
TI  - A practical technique for preparation of antiserum to canine factor VIII-related
      antigen.
AB  - Identification and measurement of canine factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag)
      has many clinical and research applications, including differential diagnosis of
      hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease, use as a marker for specific cell
      types, and elucidation of the structure of this factor VIII component. We have
      developed a practical method for producing antibodies to canine VIIIR:Ag that
      uses 2% agarose filtration for purification and identifies the antigen by
      correlation with the elution of the peak A280 fraction in the void volume.
      Antisera for electroimmunoassay (EIA) can be produced in less than four weeks
      from simple starting materials and with commonly available laboratory equipment.
      This technique would be useful for either clinical veterinary or comparative
      research laboratories.

PMID- 6438876
TI  - Modification of humoral immune response in chickens following treatment with
      carrageenan.
AB  - Carrageenan treatment of chickens resulted in splenomegaly and enlargement of
      bursa but had no effect on the thymus. The dose and route of administration had a
      profound effect on humoral immune response to Brucella abortus and sheep red
      blood cells. Antibody response to B. abortus was either unaffected or
      significantly enhanced, whereas response to red blood cells was severely
      suppressed. Furthermore, delineation of the class of antibody response affected
      by the treatment, using 2-mercaptoethanol, suggested that there was a selective
      inhibition of IgG response to the T dependent antigen.

PMID- 6438877
TI  - [Isolation of the Fab fragment from immune sera].
AB  - A Fab-fragment was obtained from rabbit anti-swine JgG serum through the
      breakdown of JgG by means of the proteolytic enzyme pepsin in ion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE cellulose. It was found that the Fab-fragment gave no
      positive precipitation in the immunodiffusion agar gel test, and in
      electrophoresis on 10 per cent acrylamide gel following preliminary breakdown
      with 1 per cent SDS and 2 per cent ME and heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 2
      minutes it showed only one polypeptid chain with equal mobility as that of the
      light JgG chain. On the basis of the results obtained speculations are made of
      the mode and site where pepsin supposedly acts.

PMID- 6438878
TI  - [The importance of hydrokinetotherapy in rehabilitation activities for locomotor
      deficiencies in cerebral palsy].

PMID- 6438879
TI  - [Characteristics of patient care in a specialized coronary care unit].

PMID- 6438880
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 6438881
TI  - [Role of auxiliary medical personnel in septic emergencies in obstetrics].

PMID- 6438882
TI  - [A method for the stimulation of the psychological development and fine motor
      skills in children from creches using games of manual ability].

PMID- 6438883
TI  - [Elements for the interpretation of the action of industrial microclimate factors
      on the human body].

PMID- 6438884
TI  - [Health education in the prevention and control of cancer].

PMID- 6438885
TI  - [The need for medical and social control of aged persons].

PMID- 6438886
TI  - [First aid in acute respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 6438887
TI  - [Contribution of auxiliary health personnel in disease prevention in children].

PMID- 6438888
TI  - [A school for social nurses in Timisoara (September 1939-February 1942)].

PMID- 6438889
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations in the psychophysical development of children in
      creches].

PMID- 6438890
TI  - [Considerations in relation to severe toxicoseptic abortion].

PMID- 6438891
TI  - [Contribution of auxiliary medical personnel in treating motor disorders due to
      cerebrovascular accidents in the Felix thermal bath environment].

PMID- 6438892
TI  - [The treatment of adductor contractures in children with spastic cerebral
      paralysis].

PMID- 6438893
TI  - [Current aspects in the prevention of acute viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6438894
TI  - [Role of auxiliary personnel in the adaptive behavior of the family toward
      problems of the aged patient].

PMID- 6438895
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the effect of the steroid in puromycin
      aminonucleoside nephrosis rats.
AB  - In order to investigate the significance of the histological change in glomerular
      epithelial cells in minimal change nephrotic syndrome in man (MCNS) and to help
      in clarifing the mechanism of action of a steroid in this disease,
      methylprednisolone was administered to rats with puromycin aminonucleoside
      nephrosis (PAN). This is an experimental nephrosis having a close resemblance
      morphologically and physiologically, to human MCNS. Morphological changes in the
      glomerulus were observed ultrastructurally. The administration of the steroid to
      PAN rats showed remarkable changes including, rapid disappearance of proteinuria
      in PAN rats in a manner similer to that seen in human MCNS, and significantly
      faster recovery of changes in glomerular epithelial cells when compared with
      spontaneous recovery. From the present study, it is clear that the steroid is
      effective in rapidly restoring the normal shape of glomerular epithelial cells in
      PAN rats. The filtration barrier in the glomerular capillary wall (GCW) is also
      thought to have recovered and proteinuria is cured. Based on these
      considerations, it may be suggested that proteinuria in human MCNS is caused by
      changes in glomerular epithelial cells, and that the clinical treatment of
      proteinuria in MCNS is effective when glomerular epithelial cells have
      functionally recovered.

PMID- 6438896
TI  - Multiorgan aluminium deposits in a chronic haemodialysis patient. Electron
      microscope and microprobe studies.
AB  - The study reports an aluminium-intoxicated haemodialysis patient who had
      encephalopathy, osteomalacia and congestive cardiomyopathy prior to his death.
      Detailed light and electron microscope examination revealed the presence of
      aluminium deposits within lysosomes of cells from many organs, including the
      kidney, liver, brain and heart. The heavy aluminium deposits in myocardial
      lysosomes favor a possible role of the trace element in the patient's congestive
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6438897
TI  - Abnormal binding of negatively charged serum proteins to diabetic basement
      membranes is largely a systemic phenomenon.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence employing goat anti-human IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 component
      of complement, fibrinogen, albumin, and polyvalent immunoglobulins was performed
      on postmortem samples of gingiva, parotid gland, thyroid, kidney, and pancreas
      tissue of 15 diabetic and 15 control patients. Basement membrane thickness
      quantification of kidney tubules, gingival capillaries, and parotid gland ducts
      and acini was also done utilizing a calibrated magnifier on uniformly enlarged
      photomicrographs which had been specially stained to highlight basement
      membranes. Results revealed binding of IgG, albumin, and polyvalent
      immunoglobulin to kidney glomerular and tubular basement membranes and parotid
      ductal and acinar basement membranes in all diabetic subjects. Thyroid follicular
      basement membranes were positive in 8 of 15 diabetic patients for the same
      antisera. All gingival and pancreatic tissue from diabetic and control patients
      was negative for binding of all serum proteins tested. Basement membrane
      thickening in kidney tubules and gingival capillaries was observed in diabetic
      subjects; however, there was no apparent difference between diabetic and control
      patients in thickness of ductal or acinar basement membranes of the parotid
      gland.

PMID- 6438898
TI  - Metastases of malignant neoplasms to intracranial tumours: the "tumour-in-a
      tumour" phenomenon.
AB  - This is a report of two observations of the metastatic spread of carcinomas to
      meningiomas. A survey of the relevant literature is given.

PMID- 6438899
TI  - A morphometric study on the ultrastructure of well-differentiated tumours and
      inflammatory mucosa of the human urinary bladder.
AB  - Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations were
      performed on well-differentiated tumours and chronic cystitis in the human
      urinary bladder. SEM showed that the pleomorphic microvilli were present not only
      on the luminal surface of the tumour but also on the surface of inflammatory
      mucosa. The ultrastructure of six tumours and 5 cases of chronic cystitis was
      evaluated morphometrically. Bladder tumour and inflammatory mucosa were divided
      into several layers, namely outermost cells (S), subsurface cells just beneath
      these (S1), subsurface cells of 2 or 3 layers below (S23), intermediate cells of
      2 or 3 layers above the basal cells (I23), intermediate cells just above the
      basal cells (I1) and basal cells (Ba). Areas of nucleus, cytoplasm and
      cytoplasmic organelles, numbers of nucleoli, nuclear bodies, mitochondria and
      lysosomes together with irregularity of the cell and nucleus were estimated
      according to the methods of Weibel. A multivariate analysis of variance on these
      variables showed that the above subdivision of layers was necessary for the
      comparison of tumour and inflammation. Discriminant analysis showed various
      differences between tumour and inflammatory mucosa. The results indicated that
      the Ba layer is the most effective site for differentiating the tumour from
      inflammation. Ba cells with large and irregular cytoplasm with an enlarged Golgi
      area, accompanied by many vacuolar structures, may be indicative of tumour rather
      than inflammation.

PMID- 6438900
TI  - Adenomyoepithelial adenosis and low-grade malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the
      breast.
AB  - Adenomyoepithelial adenosis of the breast is a form of adenosis not previously
      described. It is similar in several ways to microglandular adenosis, but one
      significant difference is the presence of myoepithelial cells. The present case
      originated as adenomyoepithelial adenosis in a 46-year-old woman. In the course
      of 18 years it proliferated and changed into a low-grade malignant
      adenomyoepithelioma. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of myoepithelial
      cells in the adenosis, and immuno-histochemical study demonstrated cells
      containing actin (representing myoepithelial cells) in the adenosis as well as in
      the adenomyoepithelioma.

PMID- 6438901
TI  - Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (Schmincke type) as a derivate of the tonsillar crypt
      epithelium.
AB  - Ten tumours of tonsillar or epipharyngeal localization showing the histological
      picture of "lymphoepithelial carcinoma" (Schmincke 1921) were examined
      immunohistochemically using Peanut lectin, Ulex europaeus lectin-I and an
      antiserum to S-100 protein. The findings suggest a close relationship of this
      type of carcinoma to the normal tonsillar crypt epithelium. The majority of
      tumour cells are UEA-I-positive and PNL-negative, as is the crypt epithelium,
      while oral mucosa is both PNL- and to a lesser extent UEA-I-reactive. Tumour
      areas expressing this pattern contain a large number of asteroid-shaped PNL
      positive histiocytes and arachnoid-shaped histiocytes reacting with anti-S-100
      protein; both cell types being probably identical and representing typical
      elements of the normal tonsillar crypt epithelium. Consequently, the WHO-term
      "nasopharyngeal carcinoma, undifferentiated type" seems to be inadequate for this
      type of tumour.

PMID- 6438902
TI  - [Processing data for predicting hemophilia transmission].

PMID- 6438903
TI  - [Dynamic observation of the epidemic process in meningococcal infection in a
      unit].

PMID- 6438904
TI  - [Immunoprophylaxis of meningococcal infection among the troops].

PMID- 6438905
TI  - [Mechanism and routes of transmission of viral hepatitis A].

PMID- 6438906
TI  - [Computerized tomography in evaluating the etiology of focal epilepsy].

PMID- 6438907
TI  - [Antimicrobial properties of acupuncture needles].

PMID- 6438908
TI  - [Inhibition of thrombocyte spreading and the formation of thrombus-like
      aggregates bound with substrate by the anti-anginal agent trapidil].
AB  - Effects of trapidil (rocornal) on interaction of human thrombocytes, purified by
      gel filtration, and the surface covered with fibrillar collagen from calf skin
      (CCS) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. When the soluble inductors
      were absent, trapidil did not affect the thrombocyte adhesion. At the same time,
      trapidil inhibited the shape alterations of laminated thrombocytes, induced by
      CCS-substrate with simultaneous increase in the ratio of disc-shaped cells and a
      decrease in laminated thrombocytes. Soluble inductors of the thrombocyte activity
      (arachidonic acid, stable derivative of prostaglandin endoperoxides U46619 and
      thrombin) stimulated the cells mass-scale lamination as well as formation of
      thrombus-like aggregates bound with CCS-substrate. Trapidil prevented completely
      the effects of exogenous arachidonic acid and of U46619 on interaction of
      thrombocytes and the substrate but inhibited only by 40-50% the synthesis of
      thromboxane A2 in the cells induced by arachidonic acid. The drug blocked also an
      aggregation of thrombocytes in suspension, lamination and formation of aggregates
      bound with the surface, induced by low but not by high concentrations of
      thrombin. Possible use of trapidil is discussed.

PMID- 6438909
TI  - [Molecular mechanisms of the interaction of catecholamine with elements of
      cellular genomes (review)].

PMID- 6438910
TI  - [Biochemical mechanisms of the regulation of gastric mucus secretion in the rat:
      the role of prostaglandin E2 and histamine].
AB  - Both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and histamine activated the adenylate cyclase system
      of rat gastric cells. Parietal acid-producing cells of the stomach were the
      target-cells for histamine, while PGE2 affected the mucous cells of gastric
      glands. The stimulating effect of PGE2 on mucus production occurred due to
      activation of protein synthesis. Electron microscopy of mucous cells detected
      alterations in structure of cells involved in biosynthesis of mucoids. Histamine
      appears to cause its effect on secretion of gastric mucus via the activating
      influence on production of hydrochloric acid.

PMID- 6438911
TI  - [Several indicators of histamine metabolism in hyperbaric oxygenation].
AB  - Content of histamine, activity of diamine oxidase in rat brain, liver, lung
      tissues and blood as well as histaminopexic effect of blood serum were studied
      after treatment of the animals with oxygen at 0.3 MPa within 60 and 120 min.
      Hyperoxia caused dissimilar alterations in content of blood and tissue histamine:
      the first group of animals was characterized by a distinct impairment of
      histamine metabolism in tissues accompanied by a high level of the amine in
      blood, in the second group these alterations were not found. Role of histamine in
      compensatory-adaptation mechanisms caused by hyperoxia as well as in pathogenesis
      of oxygen intoxication is discussed.

PMID- 6438912
TI  - An immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-C and a delayed hemolytic
      transfusion reaction due to anti-Ce+e: hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria and
      transient impaired renal function.
AB  - A patient with phenotype R2r and anti-C has a hemolytic transfusion reaction
      (HTR) with hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria which occurred within 2 h of
      receiving an R1r transfusion. Transient impaired renal function ensued. A patient
      with phenotype R2R2 and anti-Ce+e had the same experience on day 4 after
      receiving three R1r and one rr units. 2 other patients, 1 R2r with anti-C who
      received one R1r unit and the other R2R2 with anti-Ce+e who received two R1r
      units, showed no clinical evidence of HTR. Both anti-C antibodies were entirely
      IgG while both anti-Ce+e antibodies initially were predominantly IgM. IgG
      subclassing was unsuccessful and red blood cell-mononuclear phagocyte assays were
      normal. These cases occurred from 1979 to 1981.

PMID- 6438913
TI  - [Use of levamisole for preventing and treating infectious complications in acute
      leukemia patients].

PMID- 6438914
TI  - [Parenteral feeding problems in patients with complicated forms of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6438915
TI  - [Serum thyroxine (T4) levels and thyroxine-binding capacity of patients with
      corticosteroid-dependent and atopic bronchial asthma].
AB  - The patients with bronchial asthma, treated a long time with corticosteroid s
      (the so called cortico-dependent bronchial asthma) are an adequate model for the
      study on the dependence between the function of the thyroid gland and the effect
      of glucocorticosteroids. The study was carried out on 12 patients with atopic, 14
      -with cortico-dependent bronchial asthma and II--healthy subjects. The function
      of the thyroid gland was assessed by the serum level od thyroxine and thyroxine
      binding capacity, determined by immuno-enzyme methods. Erythroid values were
      established in all three groups of the examined subjects. The stronger inhibition
      of the thyroid function in the patients with atopic asthma as compared with the
      cortico-dependent patients is of certain interest, in spite of the fact that the
      differences are not statistically significant.

PMID- 6438916
TI  - A cost-benefit analysis of California's mandatory premarital screening program
      for syphilis.
AB  - As do most states, California requires premarital serologic tests for syphilis.
      The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and a fluorescent treponemal
      antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS) are often used in series for this purpose. In 1979 in
      California, there were approximately 300,000 persons tested premaritally, but
      only 35 were found to have asymptomatic infectious syphilis (incidence=0.012%).
      Including all the direct costs of this screening program, the yearly costs of
      premarital screening is $8.5 million or almost $240,000 per case found. If one
      takes into account the sensitivities and specificities of the tests, one still
      has 6 false-negative and 90 false-positive tests using the 1979 figures. The
      benefits of the program are the number of cases of congenital syphilis that are
      prevented. Using a worse-case method, no more than 1.5% of the cases of syphilis
      detected would result in a case of congenital syphilis. The estimated benefits
      would result in a savings of approximately $161,000. The economic costs of the
      premarital screening program far outweigh the benefits.

PMID- 6438917
TI  - [Determination of serum apolipoprotein B levels by radial immunodiffusion].

PMID- 6438918
TI  - [Effect of the preparation Dimilin on housefly larvae].

PMID- 6438919
TI  - Education and training of nurse teachers and managers with special regard to
      primary health care. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.

PMID- 6438920
TI  - Injection sclerotherapy for the long-term management of variceal bleeding.

PMID- 6438921
TI  - Surgical management of esophageal diverticula.

PMID- 6438922
TI  - Specificity of four forms of cytochrome P-450 in the metabolic activation of
      several aromatic amines and benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - The involvement of four forms of cytochrome P-450 in the activation of the
      promutagens, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyl
      dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5
      f]quinoline (IQ), 2-aminofluorene and 4-aminobiphenyl has been investigated using
      a Salmonella test system. A high-spin form, P-448 II-a, catalysed the activation
      of IQ and Glu-P-1 28 and 12 times faster, respectively, than a low-spin form, P
      448 II-d, whereas benzo[a]pyrene was metabolized to the phenols 60 times faster
      by P-448 II-d than P-448 II-a. Both P-448 II-a and P-448 II-d were highly active
      in the activation of Trp-P-2 and 2-aminofluorene. Treatment of CDF1 mice with
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) increased the microsomal-activating ability for
      the promutagens in various degrees. More than a ten-fold increase was observed
      with Trp-P-2, while the increase was only two-fold with IQ. No sex-related
      difference was observed for the hepatic microsomal activating ability of male and
      female CDF1 mice for Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1 or IQ. These results indicate that more
      than two forms of cytochrome P-450, which are inducible by treatment with PCB or
      3-methylcholanthrene, mediate the metabolic activation of heteroaromatic amines
      in rats and mice.

PMID- 6438923
TI  - Role of UDPGA flux in acetaminophen clearance and hepatotoxicity.
AB  - Factors which determine the acetaminophen glucuronidation capacity in the male
      rat have been examined. Conditions previously shown to increase (streptozotocin
      diabetes) or decrease (a 24 h fast) the glucuronidation capacity in vivo did not
      alter the microsomal glucuronyl transferase activity, indicating that the amount
      of enzyme is not rate-limiting. Acetaminophen caused a rapid depletion of hepatic
      levels of the co-substrate, UDPGA; both the extent of depletion and the time
      required for recovery back to pre-drug levels were dependent on the dose of
      acetaminophen administered. The amount of UPDGA required for the glucuronidation
      of a therapeutic dose was nearly equal to the total content of UDPGA in the
      liver; after a toxic dose, the UDPGA demand was over 100-fold greater than the
      normal basal level. It is concluded that the glucuronidation capacity of the
      animals is determined by their capacity to synthesize UDPGA, which in turn is
      dependent on flux through the glucuronic acid pathway.

PMID- 6438924
TI  - Kinetic properties of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(S) in different membranes of
      rat liver cells.
AB  - Glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol, borneol and morphine occurred in rough and
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes of rat liver
      cells. In all fractions, prior fixation of either substrate (UDP-glucuronic acid
      or the aglycone) enhanced the affinity for the second substrate. Whatever the
      membrane, glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol was characterized by high Vmax and
      high affinity for UDP-glucuronic acid. On the other hand, glucuronidation of
      borneol exhibited a lower Vmax and a lower affinity for UDP-glucuronic acid. In
      the endoplasmic reticulum, conjugation of morphine had a low Vmax, but the enzyme
      had high affinities for both UDP-glucuronic acid and the aglycone.

PMID- 6438925
TI  - Modification by genetic changes of the pleiotropic interference of butyrolactone
      type autoregulators with differentiation of Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - Two series of aerial-mycelium-negative (Amy-), anthracycline-nonproducing (Ant-)
      mutants were obtained from ancestral Amy+Ant+ strains of S. griseus: a)
      derivatives represented by the met- strain 39 which could not differentiate
      although they were still producing both the butyrolactone-type autoregulator 1
      and NADP-glycohydrolase, and b) mutants whose incapability to form spores and
      anthracycline pigments was apparently caused by the loss of autoregulator
      production. These latter mutants responded to the addition of 1 or the naturally
      occurring dihydro derivative 2 with complete or at least partial reconstitution
      of differentiation-associated functions. All of the b)-type mutant strains
      exhibited similar biochemical alterations in the presence of 1 or 2 regardless of
      the presence of additional genetic changes in the primary metabolism. Two
      mutants, however, displayed an altered pattern of secondary product formation. In
      submerged cultures the major biochemical changes observed in presence of 1 (or 2)
      were an increase of the lipid level in the mycelium, an alteration of the lipid
      composition, and a stimulation of neutral proteinase production. All of the
      blocked autoregulator-negative mutants were discernible from the ancestral
      strains and strain 39 by their lack of NADP-glycohydrolase production. This
      suggested the existance of a common genetic locus or a common pleiotropic
      regulator gene controling both gene functions. Present ideas concerning the role
      of butyrolactone-type autoregulator 1 as a pleiotropic effector molecule
      interacting with development of S. griseus are summarized in a hypothetical
      scheme.

PMID- 6438926
TI  - [Leukemomycin-blocked mutants of Streptomyces griseus and their pigments. II. New
      7-hydroxy-bisnahydro-rhodomycinones from the mutant ZIMET 41707/1P].
AB  - Various blocked mutants were isolated from three leukaemomycin-(daunomycin
      )producing strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5142 and IMET JA 5570 of Streptomyces
      griseus by NTG and UV treatments. Among them, one class of four mutants ZIMET
      43707/1P, IMET JA 5570/3P, IMET JA 5570/10P and IMET JA 5142/01P1 produced new
      blue and red pigments. Two red compounds designated 1PI and 1PII are the main
      components of the pigment complex produced by culture of the blocked mutant ZIMET
      43707/1P. This paper describes the isolation of 1PI and IPII; furthermore, the
      spectral and physicochemical properties of these anthracyclinones and the
      elucidation of their structures are reported.

PMID- 6438927
TI  - Substructural study of sporogenesis in Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - A Streptomyces griseus strain deficient in the formation of aerial mycelium and
      arthrospore development (Amy-) was studied by electron microscopy and compared
      with the sporulating parental strain (Amy+). The investigations were performed
      with colonies grown on solid medium. The substructural characteristics of the
      essential events of sporogenesis could clearly been demonstrated in the aerial
      mycelium of the Amy+ colonies. The mycelium of the surface region of the Amy-
      colonies showed altered features. The most pronounced alteration was the absence
      of the surface sheath, normally present on the aerial hyphae of the parental
      strain. The cross wall type II, characteristic of sporogeneous hyphae, was not
      discernible in the Amy- hyphae. Some substructural features resembling the
      essential events of normal sporogenesis were evident in the Amy- strain, albeit
      diminished and interfered with by abnormalities. The resulting propagative cells
      were of different size and feature.

PMID- 6438928
TI  - Formation of extracellular alpha-amylase by Bacillus subtilis in relation to
      guanosine polyphosphates.
AB  - The kinetics of growth, extracellular alpha-amylase formation and pool sizes of
      guanosine polyphosphates (p)ppGpp and adenosine phosphates (ATP and AMP) were
      determined during discontinuous cultivation of Bacillus subtilis 44. The results
      indicate a positive involvement of (p)ppGpp in the regulation of the expression
      of the alpha-amylase gene.

PMID- 6438929
TI  - [Experimental study on the significance of arachidonic acid metabolism in the
      pathogenesis of bronchial asthma with an in vivo model in the guinea pig].
AB  - In anaesthetized artificially ventilated guinea-pigs from two breeds were
      produced histamine-induced bronchoconstrictions after pretreatment with
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) and/or para-amino-methylbenzoic acid (PAMBA). It was
      detected a distinct but adverse action of ASS on the intensity of
      bronchoconstriction in both animal groups. PAMBA was without any effect alone but
      mostly inhibited ASS-action. Since PAMBA inhibits phospholipase-A2 and ASS
      inhibits cyclooxygenase--both key-enzymes of arachidonic acid metabolism--the
      findings are estimated as a hint to the role of arachidonic acid metabolism in
      our animal model of asthma.

PMID- 6438930
TI  - [Small intestinal absorption in cancer patients--basis for enteral feeding
      therapy in oncology].
AB  - A deteriorating nutritional condition combined with the loss of body mass is one
      of the most noticeable symptoms of cancer. In order to answer the question to
      what extent absorption disorders in the small intestine are responsible for the
      malnutrition which develops, we studied 54 oncologic patients using modified D
      xylose absorption tests. After the oral and intravenous administration of 10 g D
      xylose at different times, the degree of absorption dependent on time was
      determined on the basis of a biophysical model. When accompanied by general
      nonspecific tumor symptoms, the frequency of absorption restrictions was
      increased. An established relation was found between the extent of small
      intestinal absorption, on the one hand, and the degree of spreading (staging) and
      the degree of histological differentiation of the carcinoma, on the other hand.
      Enteral absorption disorders represent a partial cause for the development of
      malnutrition in cancer patients and must be viewed as a result of a metabolic
      situation which is distinctly catabolic.

PMID- 6438931
TI  - [Animal experiment studies of chronic thiamine deficiency. Changes in
      carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism under resting and load conditions].
AB  - The metabolic effects of thiamine deficiency on the metabolism of lactate, acid
      base and amino acids were evaluated both with and without muscular exercise in a
      controlled animal experiment. Thiamine deficiency - in good correlation with its
      biologic halftime and also with reports in the literature - caused with a latency
      of 17-56 days and statistically proven in parallel the following effects:
      hyperlactemia; in comparison to controls elevated plasma concentrations of
      threonine, alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, methionine, taurine,
      valine, isoleucine and leucine; distinctly lowered - also in comparison to
      controls - plasma concentrations of arginine and tryptophan. Furthermore, in the
      thiamine deficient rats predetermined muscular exercise caused the following
      effects, also occurring concomitantly: life threatening lactacidosis; marked -
      statistically prover - disturbance of the homeostasis of alanine, glycine,
      methionine and arginine; distinctly - and statistically significant - elevated
      plasma concentration of proline; statistically significantly lowered plasma
      concentrations of taurine. The reasons for all these changes under thiamine
      deficiency is most likely a metabolic one primarily due to a disturbance of the
      utilization of pyruvate in the liver. An additional disturbance of both the
      transsulfuration pathway and the Krebs-Henseleit-cycle seems probable. The
      physiologic regulation of pyruvate, lactate, alanine, serine and tyrosine during
      muscular exercise in correlation to the controls is being discussed.

PMID- 6438932
TI  - [Histopathological studies of rat kidneys following the feeding of heat-damaged
      proteins].
AB  - Two experiments lasting 10 vs. 8 weeks respectively were conducted in order to
      determine the effects of feeding heated proteins (casein + glucose, 65 degrees C
      for 4 days) on histopathological alterations in the kidneys of rats. Histological
      examinations showed enlarged epithelial cells and cell nuclei in the pars recta
      of the proximal tubules (inner stripe of the inner kidney cortex zone) beginning
      after two weeks of the test. The differences in the average size of the nuclei
      were significant after a feeding period of 6, 8 or 10 weeks (44 rats in the test
      group vs. 36 rats in the control group respectively). In this way the alterations
      are very similar to that which are induced by lysinoalanine. The substance
      causing the lesions seems not to be fructoselysine although it was present in the
      heat damaged diets in concentrations of 16,000-23,000 ppm but is suggested among
      the substances formed in the early and advanced stage of Maillard reaction.

PMID- 6438933
TI  - The intestinal monoxygenase enzyme system in DMH-induced rat colonic
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Four enzymes of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system were studied in two
      different segments of each the small and large intestine and in the liver of
      untreated female Wistar rats. In order to test a possible induction of this
      enzyme system, due to the application of the colonic carcinogen N,N-dimethyl
      hydrazine, three of these enzymes were determined in the same intestinal
      segments, in the liver and, in addition, in the kidney after 4 and 8 weeks of DMH
      treatment (weekly s.c. injections of 20 mg DMH/kg b.w.). In the untreated rats,
      the four enzymes under investigation revealed significantly higher specific
      activities in the liver and in the jejunum than in the ileum and colon. In the
      DMH-treated animals, liver AHH-activity was decreased after 4 and 8 weeks when
      compared with the EDTA-treated controls; so was the AHH in the jejunum and in the
      ileum after 8 weeks. Liver EOD was only decreased after 4 weeks and had
      normalized after 8 weeks, being diminished, however, in the jejunum at that time.
      UDP-GT-activity was not altered at all. No alterations of the investigated enzyme
      activities could be demonstrated either in the colonic segments or in the kidney.
      These findings indicate that a local induction of the mixed function oxidase
      system is not likely to be responsible for the organotropism of the DMH-induced
      colonic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6438934
TI  - [Experimental studies of the sterilization of transplantation material with
      peracetic acid].
AB  - Experimental investigations for sterilization of prepared transplantation
      material without aseptic conditions were carried out with peracetic acid of
      different aqueous and alcoholic dilutions. This chemical germicide is qualified
      yet for the sterilization of tendinous tissue but not for bone tissue (spongiosa
      and compact substance). The different cellular structures of the test objects
      condition this behaviour likely. Peracetic acid is consequently no substitute for
      beta-propiolactone as germicide in a tissue bank which preserves various tissues
      (above all also bone) for transplantation.

PMID- 6438935
TI  - [Dynamics of critical stenosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris].
AB  - In 28 patients with unstable angina pectoris biplane coronary angiography was
      performed in the acute stage. Arteriography of the ischemia-related vessel was
      subsequently repeated in 14 patients after intracoronary infusion of 0.2 mg
      nifedipine and ten minutes later after 10 mg sublingual nifedipine (group I) and
      in 14 patients after intracoronary infusion of 0.4 mg 3-N-morpholinosyndnonimine
      (SIN-1) (group II). 17 patients were on intravenous nitroglycerin and 11 patients
      on high-dose oral isosorbide dinitrate therapy at the time of angiography. Pre-
      and postintervention, the degree of coronary stenosis of the ischemia-related
      vessel was determined by three morphometric methods: rmin, minimal diameter of
      the stenosis, Amin, planimetered area under the stenosis and minimal diameter
      ratio (min diam ratio), ratio of the minimal diameter of the stenosis and the pre
      and poststenotic diameter. An increase in lumen was considered to be significant
      when two of the three parameters increased by more than 5%. Nifedipine
      application resulted in an increase in lumen in 13 patients of group I. After
      i.c. nifedipine the lumen increased by 16% and after s.l. nifedipine by an
      additional 9%. Combined i.c. and s.l. nifedipine increased the lumen of the
      critical stenosis by 24 +/- 6.8%. In 10 patients of group II, SIN-1 application
      was successful and resulted in a luminal increase of 28 +/- 2.6%. In more than
      80% of our patients with unstable angina pectoris application of nifedipine and
      SIN-1 resulted in an increase of the lumen. Thus, coronary vasoconstriction seems
      to be the predominant mechanism next to organic stenosis in unstable angina.

PMID- 6438936
TI  - Infection of the host cells of Theileria annulata with T. parva.

PMID- 6438937
TI  - [Electrophysiological characteristics of the smooth muscles of the
      gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6438938
TI  - Heat inactivation of exogenous proteinases from Pseudomonas fluorescens. I.
      Possibility of inactivation in milk.
AB  - The inactivation reaction of the proteinase of a P. fluorescens strain of biotype
      I in milk was investigated at 130-150 degrees C, also in milk and in buffer with
      and without added CaCl2 at temperatures below 100 degrees C. The decline in
      activity corresponded to first order kinetics in the UHT region; Ea = 115 kJ/mol.
      D values were 290 (130 degrees C), 124 (140 degrees C) and 54 s (150 degrees C);
      therefore, the usual temperature time combinations of UHT treatment are not
      sufficient to achieve the required rates of inactivation. At temperatures below
      80 degrees C, inactivation corresponded increasingly to second order kinetics
      with considerably higher reaction rates; at 55 degrees C, an inactivation
      reaction corresponding to that induced by UHT treatment could be achieved at a
      thermal stress lower by a factor of 500. This "low temperature inactivation" was
      observed in a further 20 strains representing the spectrum of P. fluorescens. The
      average rates of inactivation following heat treatment in milk for 20 min are 47%
      at 55 degrees C and 44% at 60 degrees C. This can be regarded as the most
      effective temperature range for the inactivation of the proteinases in milk.
      Clear connections can be seen between the biotype groups and the optimum
      temperature for inactivation: biotype group I ca. 55 degrees C, group II (with a
      few exceptions) less than or equal to 50 degrees C and group III greater than or
      equal to 60 degrees C. The inactivation reaction is systematically influenced by
      the proteins and Ca++ ions present in milk.

PMID- 6438939
TI  - [Concentration profiles of putrescine and cadaverine in inoculated vacuum packed
      beef].
AB  - The potential of some Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus strains for
      producing putrescine and cadavering during growth in vacuum packed beef was
      studied. Throughout the six weeks storage at 4 degrees C the samples were
      sensorily assessed at regular intervals, and their pH values and diamine contents
      were determined. The amines were quantified by means of capillary gas
      chromatography. The putrescine and cadaverine contents remained within the range
      of the initial values until overt spoilage at the end of the sixth week (at about
      0.08 mg amine/100 g).

PMID- 6438940
TI  - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the
      southern Baltic, 1981.
AB  - 471 samples of livers of cod netted in July 1981 in seven fishing grounds in the
      southern part of the Baltic were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
      DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of
      benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-BHC). Polychlorinated
      biphenyls resembling Chlopten A 60 were the predominating pollutants and their
      level ranged from trace amounts to 79 mg/kg. In the individual wet cod livers
      sigma DDT level ranged from 0.22 to 15 mg/kg. alpha-BHC, gamma-BHC and HCB levels
      ranged from not detectable levels to 0.29, 1.1 and 0.42 mg/kg, respectively. beta
      BHC was detectable in most of the samples in trace amounts and delta-BHC was
      undetected. The levels of HCB, DDT and analogues and PCBs in the cod livers
      correlated with the length of the fish. The residue levels of sigma DDT in cod
      livers declined. The larger cod contained in their livers substantial levels of
      PCBs, and also of sigma DDT. However some local differences in pollution pattern
      were observed. The livers of cod from the Southern Baltic are relatively highly
      contaminated with these substances and the use of these products for human
      consumption is still questionable.

PMID- 6438941
TI  - [Multiple neurofibromatosis. (Recklinghausen's disease). Case report].

PMID- 6438942
TI  - [Comparative diagnosis of rotator muscle injuries using arthrography, computed
      tomography and sonography].

PMID- 6438943
TI  - [Traumatic tears of the rotator cuff and their treatment].

PMID- 6438944
TI  - [Macroscopic and microscopic autopsy findings in the rotator cuff--a study of 195
      shoulder joints].

PMID- 6438945
TI  - [A rare 3d grade open shoulder joint rupture with humerus head fracture].

PMID- 6438946
TI  - [Femur head fracture and its prognosis].

PMID- 6438947
TI  - [Surgical treatment of retropatellar cartilage lesions].

PMID- 6438948
TI  - [Indications for high tibial head osteotomy and unicondylar sliding prosthesis in
      knee joint arthrosis].

PMID- 6438949
TI  - Studies on abomasal emptying in cattle. I. Correlation between abomasal emptying,
      electromyographic activity and pressure changes in the abomasum.

PMID- 6438950
TI  - [Glutathione S-transferases in the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex and hypophysis
      of cattle].

PMID- 6438951
TI  - [The submucous plexus (Meissner) in the calf. I. Light and electron microscopy
      study of normal structure].

PMID- 6438953
TI  - Pathogenesis of renal changes in experimental prolonged shock.

PMID- 6438952
TI  - The transfer of bovine J blood-group activity to erythrocytes: kinetic studies.

PMID- 6438954
TI  - [Experimentally induced skin changes in tortoises by high parenteral doses of
      vitamin A].

PMID- 6438955
TI  - [Nutritive value of dietary ribonucleic acid and its nucleosides in growing rats
      on a diet deficient in nonessential amino acid nitrogen. 4. Effect of the
      pyrimidine nucleosides cytidine and uridine on the composition of the body mass
      and on nitrogen metabolism].

PMID- 6438956
TI  - [Trials with organic and inorganic copper compounds. 1. Oral substitution of a
      copper deficiency state in rats and swine].

PMID- 6438957
TI  - [Trials with organic and inorganic copper compounds. 2. Effects on liver protein
      synthesis and growth in rats].

PMID- 6438958
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of liver nucleoplasmic proteins from young and adult
      chickens following intraperitoneal administration of D-galactosamine.

PMID- 6438959
TI  - Studies on abomasal emptying in cattle. II. Effect of infusions in duodenum and
      abomasum on electromyographic complexes, pressure changes and emptying of the
      abomasum.

PMID- 6438960
TI  - Concentrations of blood and milk ketone bodies, blood isopropanol and plasma
      glucose in dairy cows in relation to the degree of hyperketonaemia and clinical
      signs.

PMID- 6438961
TI  - Annual milk yield and reproductive performance of ketotic and non-ketotic dairy
      cows.

PMID- 6438962
TI  - [Effect of subclinical mastitis on beta-carotene levels in cow's milk].

PMID- 6438963
TI  - [Atypical mycobacterial skin granuloma in a cat in Switzerland].

PMID- 6438964
TI  - Agenesis of the oculomotor and trochlear nerves in a hydrocephalic foal.

PMID- 6438965
TI  - [Immunoenzyme method in the diagnosis of meningococcal infections].
AB  - The materials on the development and use of the test system, based on the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and intended for the detection of specific
      group A and C meningococcal polysaccharides and type b Haemophilus influenzae
      polysaccharide in the spinal fluid of patients, are presented. In this work
      commercial preparations manufactured in the USSR were used, and all parameters of
      the assay were developed on the basis of these preparations. The study was made
      on the samples of spinal fluid from 410 patients; of these, 203 had meningococcal
      infection, 57 had purulent bacterial meningitides and 150 had other diseases
      (acute respiratory diseases, influenza, etc.). As demonstrated by the results of
      this study, ELISA proved to be a highly specific and sensitive technique. In the
      investigation of the spinal fluid samples from the patients with meningococcal
      infection the use of ELISA with bacteriological techniques increased the number
      of positive results to 67%; with countercurrent electrophoresis, to 78%; and with
      bacterioscopy, to 83.8%. ELISA is recommended for practical use as an auxiliary
      laboratory technique and as a rapid method for the diagnosis of meningococcal
      infection.

PMID- 6438966
TI  - [Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin in partially purified form and
      study of its properties].
AB  - S. typhimurium enterotoxin, partially purified in accordance with our scheme
      (salting out with 75% ammonium sulfate, dialysis and gel filtration in a column
      with Sephadex G-150, followed by electrofocusing), showed enterotoxic activity in
      the intestinal loop of a rabbit and yielded the positive result in the cutaneous
      test. S. typhimurium enterotoxin proved to be protein with a molecular weight of
      140000 daltons and the isoelectric point equal to 4.4. The biological activity of
      S. typhimurium enterotoxin was neutralized with homologous antiserum and with
      antiserum to cholera enterotoxin. Heating the preparation at 75 degrees C for 30
      minutes led to a considerable decrease in its enterotoxic activity.

PMID- 6438967
TI  - [Transfer of kanamycin resistance among familial strains of Enterobacteriaceae
      isolated from a chronic bacterial carrier of Salmonella schottmuelleri].
AB  - Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and S. schottmuelleri were isolated from
      the large intestine of a bacteriocarrier. E. coli and E. aerogenes strains proved
      to be resistant to a number of antibiotics. Plasmids were detected in DNA
      preparations obtained from E. coli strains. After the hybridization of these E.
      coli strains with E. coli C600 5K and S. schottmuelleri at 28 degrees C the
      transfer of resistance to kanamycin was found to occur. From some of the
      transconjugates thus obtained resistance to kanamycin was transferred to E.
      aerogenes. This resistance was found to be controlled by the plasmid with a
      molecular weight exceeding 2 Md. The fact that S. schottmuelleri in the carrier's
      body retained their sensitivity to antibiotics can be explained by the absence of
      the transfer of plasmid Kmr at a temperature exceeding 28 degrees C and by the
      existence of the infective agent in an ecological niche other than that of E.
      coli.

PMID- 6438968
TI  - [Effect of gamma radiation on the immunobiological and immunochemical properties
      of cholera exotoxin. IV. The biological and immunochemical properties of purified
      irradiated choleragen].
AB  - The results of investigations carried out to study the effect of gamma radiation
      on the properties of the purified preparations of cholera exotoxin are presented.
      Irradiation has been shown to decrease the anterotoxicity of purified choleragen
      and the activity of its permeability factor, depending on the radiation dose. The
      investigations have revealed that in purified toxin enterotoxicity is completely
      inactivated with a lover radiation dose than in crude toxin filtrate (25 kGy). In
      immunochemical reactions the increase of the electrophoretic mobility of the
      choleragen components, correlated with the increase of the radiation dose, and
      the reduced number of protein zones have been observed. The irradiated
      preparations of purified choleragen have been found to retain their immunogenic
      properties and serological activity.

PMID- 6438969
TI  - [Clinical, biochemical and electroencephalographic findings in children with a
      post-traumatic convulsive syndrome].
AB  - Clinical, biochemical and electroencephalographic examinations were carried out
      in 96 children with the post-traumatic convulsive syndrome. The time of the
      development of convulsive syndrome and its clinical manifestations are reviewed.
      In 75 children, convulsive attacks took the course of traumatic arachnoiditis; in
      21 children, the clinical picture of the disease with consideration for the
      characteristics and frequency of convulsive seizures and changes in the character
      of the children was suggestive of epilepsy development. Possible pathogenetic
      mechanisms of the development of convulsive attacks in children who have had a
      closed craniocerebral injury are analyzed.

PMID- 6438970
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of hereditary metabolic defects in pediatric
      neurology].
AB  - The authors have elaborated a program of selective screening of hereditary
      metabolic defects (HMD) ensuring the identification of over 100 disease entities
      as well as a program of the biochemical diagnosis and prophylaxis of
      mucopolysaccharidoses. More than 3000 patients who applied for help to the
      medical-genetic consultative centre were examined. Data on the incidence and
      genogeography of HMD were obtained.

PMID- 6438971
TI  - [Frequency and duration of minor epileptic seizures during treatment while
      undergoing multiple-day telemetric EEG monitoring].
AB  - The article presents statistical data on the time characteristics of petit mal
      epilepsy registered in the course of prolonged telemetric EEG recording in 3
      epileptic patients in the process of treatment. The time-course of the frequency
      and also the average and total daily length of attacks during sleep or
      wakefulness are analyzed. The pattern of the genesis of paroxysms was found to be
      different: paroxysms were more likely both to arise and stop in sleep than in
      wakefulness. Nocturnal attacks were noted to be more resistant to therapeutic
      measures as compared with diurnal ones.

PMID- 6438972
TI  - [Hydroanencephaly].
AB  - The clinical and X-ray findings in 9 infants with total and in one infant with
      unilateral forms of hydroanencephaly are discussed. This rare anomaly of the
      central nervous system is interesting from several standpoints: study of the
      etiopathogenic mechanisms responsible for atrophy of the hemispheres; study of
      different clinical phenomena in the absence of the cerebral hemispheres; study of
      c.s.f. changes in the absence of cerebral parenchyma; differential diagnosis with
      other pathological conditions, with extreme degree of hydrocephalus in the first
      place, which is very important for the therapeutic approach and prognosis.
      Attention is focus ed on the specific features of the clinical course, computer
      tomography (CT), angiographic and PEG values in hydroanencephaly. The
      etiopathogenesis of this severe pathological condition of the central nervous
      system is discussed on the basis of data in the literature.

PMID- 6438973
TI  - Cyclophenil, a non-steroidal compound with a higher central than peripheral
      oestrogenic activity: study of its effects on uterine growth and on some central
      parameters in castrated female rats.
AB  - The oestrogenic activity of cyclophenil, a non-steroidal compound which has
      structural analogies with both stilbene and triphenylethylene, has been
      reevaluated utilizing both central and peripheral parameters. The central
      parameters considered were LH, FSH, prolactin secretion and two enzymatic systems
      known to be oestrogen-sensitive: hypophyseal 5alpha-reductase and hypothalamic
      aromatase. The uterine growth test was used to determine oestrogenic peripheral
      activity. The compound was administered at various doses in comparison with
      oestradiol benzoate (EB) to long-term castrated female rats. Cyclophenil has an
      activity 1/8110 times that of EB on uterine growth, and 1/1660 and 1/550 times
      that of EB in inhibiting LH and FSH, respectively. The hypophyseal 5 alpha
      reductase (expressed as DHT formation) was inhibited 1710 times less by
      cyclophenil than by EB. The other parameters considered were unsuitable to
      provide a statistically reliable estimate of the potency ratios between the two
      compounds. The data show that cyclophenil is an oestrogenic compound with
      peculiar characteristics. This substance is more effective in expressing its
      oestrogenic activity in central structures than in the peripheral ones.

PMID- 6438974
TI  - Age-related alterations of pituitary-thyroid function in normal female subjects
      and in female patients with simple goitre.
AB  - Age-related alterations in pituitary-thyroid function were studied in 173 female
      patients with simple goitre and in 70 normal female subjects. They were divided
      into 4 groups according to age: A group, less than 19 years; B group, 20 to 29
      years; C group, 30 to 39 years; D group, 40 to 59 years. Serum triiodothyronine
      (T3) concentrations decreased progressively but insignificantly with age in
      female patients with simple goitre and in normal female subjects, whereas serum
      thyroxine (T4) concentrations remained constant throughout the studied age range.
      Only in female patients with simple goitre, did basal serum TSH concentrations
      show a tendency to increase with age. However, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
      (TRH)-stimulated increase of serum TSH was progressively augmented with age both
      in female patients with simple goitre and in normal female subjects; the
      magnitude of change was greater in the former group. As reflected by acute
      increases of serum T3 and T4 concentrations, thyroidal responsiveness to
      endogenous TSH was progressively depressed with age in female patients with
      simple goitre and in normal female subjects. This age-related thyroidal
      refractoriness to TSH was more apparent when the changes were expressed as delta
      T3 (stimulated T3 - basal T3)/delta TSH (maximum TSH after TRH - basal TSH), and
      delta T4 (stimulated T4 - basal T4)/delta TSH. Delta T4/delta TSH was lower in
      female patients with simple goitre than in normal female subjects in all age
      groups. However, the difference was significant only for delta T4/delta TSH in
      group A. Thyroidal responsiveness to exogenous TSH also gradually declined with
      age in female patients with simple goitre.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6438975
TI  - Familial elevation of serum thyroxine binding globulin in an Icelandic family.
AB  - A kindred of four generations with inherited elevation of serum thyroxine binding
      globulin (TBG) is reported. To our knowledge this is the twelfth kindred reported
      with this disorder. Of the 35 family members studied, 10 females and 5 males had
      elevated serum TBG. The patients were clinically euthyroid. The pedigree data was
      consistent with an X-chromosome linked mode of inheritance.

PMID- 6438976
TI  - Monoclonal surface membrane immunoglobulins of malignant cells in patients with
      malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6438977
TI  - Idiotypic studies on monoclonal rheumatoid factors.

PMID- 6438978
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6438979
TI  - Cyclosporin A serum and blood levels in marrow graft recipients: correlation with
      administered dose, serum creatinine and graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - 23 patients undergoing marrow transplantation for leukemia or aplastic anemia
      were given cyclosporin A (CyA) for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis.
      A radioimmunoassay was used to monitor CyA serum levels in 13 patients and whole
      blood levels in 10. Serum creatinine levels were recorded daily until day 30 and
      then weekly. The severity of acute GvHD was recorded daily for a total of 1,738
      patient days. CyA dose was then correlated with CyA serum or blood levels, serum
      creatinine levels and severity of acute GvHD. The daily dose of administered CyA
      correlated with serum CyA levels (p = 0.001) but not with whole-blood CyA levels.
      The cumulative CyA dose correlated with serum creatinine. There was an inverse
      correlation between the daily CyA dose and the severity of acute GvHD (p = 0.05).
      On the other hand the total amount of CyA given within 10 days after bone marrow
      transplantation had no influence on the severity of acute GvHD developing after
      day 10. Serum and whole-blood levels did not correlate with severity of GvHD nor
      with creatinine levels. The results of this study point out the nephrotoxicity of
      CyA, and a low GvHD score with high doses of administered CyA, at least on a
      daily basis. Serum but not blood levels reflect the dose of CyA given, but are
      not correlated with nephrotoxicity or GvHD.

PMID- 6438980
TI  - Defective terminal maturation along monocyte-macrophage lineage in chronic
      myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - The maturation process of leukemic myelomonocytoid cells derived from peripheral
      blood of two typical cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was investigated in
      vitro. In both cases, liquid culture of the leukemic cells in the presence or
      absence of 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate yielded either monocyte
      macrophages or mature granulocytes, respectively, when examined by May-Giemsa
      staining. However, using cytochemical criteria, both of these mature cell
      fractions were found to be heterogenous and still contained substantial numbers
      of cells positive for both nonspecific and chloroacetate esterases. Phagocytic
      activity was markedly defective in the monocyte-macrophages recovered from
      culture as well as in freshly-isolated peripheral monocytes in both patients. In
      addition, active oxygen production from isolated monocytes stimulated by zymosan
      was also decreased in one of the cases. The results indicate that at least in
      some cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, leukemic cells have the potential
      to differentiate in vitro to monocyte-macrophages which, however, show only
      limited development of functions, as well as freshly-isolated monocytes from
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 6438981
TI  - Reduction of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) and fibroblastoid
      colony-forming units (CFU-F) by leukemic cells in human and murine leukemia.
AB  - The number of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) and
      fibroblastoid colony-forming units (CFU-F) was significantly smaller in acute
      leukemia patients. To analyze the mechanism by which CFU-C and CFU-F were
      reduced, the study on murine myeloid leukemia was carried out. In murine
      leukemia, bone marrow CFU-C and CFU-F decreased in number in correlation with the
      proliferation of leukemic cells. Murine leukemic cells suppressed the growth of
      CFU-C and CFU-F in the mixed culture of leukemic cells and normal murine marrow
      cells. Furthermore, leukemic cell-conditioned medium inhibited the growth of CFU
      F. The results show that murine leukemic cells themselves and/or humoral factors
      produced by them give inhibitory effects on the growth of not only CFU-C but also
      CFU-F.

PMID- 6438982
TI  - Handmirror cells and central nervous system relapse in childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - In 53 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), initial handmirror cell
      (HMC) count among lymphoblasts was studied in relation to the occurrence of a
      relapse in the central nervous system (CNS), taking into account the white blood
      cell count (WBC) and the immunological phenotype. The children were followed for
      a period limited by (1) the first CNS relapse, (2) death or (3) the closing day
      of this study. The median follow-up period was 30 months, range 2-106 months. HMC
      counts were available in bone marrow smears of 41 children and in cytospins of 35
      children. Cytospins proved to give more reliable and consistent results than bone
      marrow smears. In the 35 'cytospin' children no CNS relapses occurred in the
      group of 16 children with non-T-non-B-ALL and HMC counts above 10%. However, in
      the group of 10 children with non-T-non-B-ALL and HMC counts below 10%, and in
      the group of 9 children with T-ALL (HMC less than or equal to 11%), 6 and 5,
      respectively, got a CNS relapse. The CNS relapse-free period was not
      significantly different between these last two groups, whereas both groups did
      differ significantly from the group mentioned first (p less than 0.01). This was
      not found in bone marrow smears of 41 children, presumably because of the
      inaccurate counting results. A low initial HMC count in cytospins is associated
      with an increased risk for the occurrence of a CNS relapse in children with ALL.
      This prognostic factor seems to be independent of other prognostic signs such as
      immunological phenotype and high WBC.

PMID- 6438983
TI  - Platelet lysosomal enzymes are normal in myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - In platelets of subjects affected with myeloproliferative disorders the following
      lysosomal enzymes were studied: alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta
      galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      and acid phosphatase. For each enzyme the specific activity, the optimum of pH
      and buffer, Km and saturating substrate concentrations, as well as
      thermostability were determined. Control and patient enzymes showed no
      difference.

PMID- 6438984
TI  - Morphological alterations in blood and bone marrow of ribavirin-treated monkeys.
AB  - The antiviral drug ribavirin (1, beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3
      carboxamide) produced significant hematologic effects when administered to rhesus
      monkeys by intramuscular injection over 10 days in doses of 30 or 100 mg/kg/day.
      The monkeys developed dose-related progressive anemia and thrombocytosis
      associated with marrow erythroid hypoplasia and megakaryocyte hyperplasia. In
      addition, bone marrow examination revealed phagocytosis of erythroid elements by
      histiocytes; vacuolization of erythroid precursors, and to a lesser extent
      precursors of other cell types; and occasional erythroid precursors with
      megaloblastoid appearance. The alterations were transient and disappeared on
      discontinuation of the drug.

PMID- 6438985
TI  - t(9;11)(p21;q22) Translocation in acute monoblastic leukemia M5A-FAB.
AB  - A patient with acute monoblastic leukemia (M5A-FAB) with a karyotype 48, XX, +2,
      +8, t(9;11)(p21;q22) is reported. This new case confirms that the t(9;11)
      translocation is a characteristic marker in some cases of M5-FAB (French-American
      British classification) leukemias.

PMID- 6438986
TI  - Pure red cell aplasia in kala-azar.

PMID- 6438987
TI  - Decreased superoxide dismutase activity of erythrocytes and leukocytes in
      Fanconi's anemia.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined in the erythrocytes and
      leukocytes of 5 patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA) and 1 with atypical Fanconi's
      anemia without any hematological disorder. SOD activity was decreased in the
      blood cells of the patients with Fanconi's anemia, but was normal in the atypical
      patient. The influence of SOD on the chromosome aberrations and hematological
      disorder in FA is discussed.

PMID- 6438988
TI  - Acetamonophen and G-6-PD deficiency.

PMID- 6438989
TI  - Dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase IV (DAP IV) activity in human T-cell subsets.

PMID- 6438990
TI  - Automated cytochemistry in acute leukemias. A new approach to the FAB
      classification based on cell distribution pattern.
AB  - Automated cytochemistry by the Hemalog D carries out leukocyte differential
      counts in a continuous flow mode on whole blood EDTA-collected samples, through
      the optical measurement of enzyme activity and cell size. This operative
      principle thus parallels the basis of the FAB classification of acute leukemias.
      Although the cell classification logic system can be misled by the heterogeneity
      of most leukemic populations, valuable qualitative information may be obtained
      from the x-y oscilloscope display. This provides a true morphological
      representation of the leukemic cell distribution. According to such a preliminary
      assumption, each FAB subtype of acute leukemias is shown to reproduce a peculiar
      image of cellular distribution when analyzed by the Hemalog D.

PMID- 6438991
TI  - Serum LDH concentration in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Relationship to histologic
      type, tumor mass, and presentation features.
AB  - Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is increased in many tumor-bearing
      patients and can be used as a prognostic marker. We studied serum LDH
      concentration in 94 consecutive patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were
      histologically classified according to the Kiel Classification and were grouped
      according to the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project Working
      Formulation. 74 patients were studied at diagnosis, and 20 of them (27%) had an
      LDH level higher than 250 U/l. High LDH levels were more frequent in cases of
      true histiocytic, high-grade, and intermediate-grade malignancy lymphoma (4 of 7,
      7 of 14, and 7 of 20, respectively) than in cases of low-grade lymphoma (2 of
      33). A close relationship of LDH to several prognosis-related disease features
      was found, including general symptoms, bulky disease, big mediastinal tumor, huge
      hepatosplenomegaly, bone marrow involvement, and a leukemic syndrome. LDH was
      higher than normal in a high proportion of cases who were studied in relapse (13
      of 20, 65%). These data suggest that in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the LDH serum
      concentration is not independent of other disease features, so that the
      prognostic value of LDH is probably lower than expected from previous studies.
      Serum LDH activity decreased to normal in all cases of complete remission, but
      also in cases of partial remission, suggesting that measuring enzyme activity is
      of a limited usefulness for detecting and monitoring minimal residual disease.
      For that purpose, LDH isoenzyme studies would be more appropriate.

PMID- 6438992
TI  - Autoimmune haemolysis in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - The clinico-pathological features of 42 children with autoimmune haemolysis are
      described. Over 65% of cases were seen before their 5th birthday. In this group
      males predominated by the ratio of 2.5:1, but in the older children both sexes
      were equally affected. The incidence decreased from 1 in 188 X 10(3) in young
      males to 1 in 1,780 X 10(3) in children over 10. Cases were classified
      serologically. Of particular note was the frequency of Donath-Landsteiner
      haemolysis which equalled that due to warm autoantibodies; together these groups
      made up 79% of the total cases. Most haemolytic episodes followed an acute
      infection. This was frequently mild and often involved the upper respiratory
      tract; in only 2 patients was haemolysis associated with underlying collagenosis.
      Typically there was a sudden onset of pallor and malaise; jaundice, splenomegaly
      and hepatomegaly were found in about half the subjects. Haemoglobinuria was
      characteristic of Donath-Landsteiner haemolysis. The illness was severe, with Hb
      levels falling below 6.0 g/dl in 28 patients. Prednisolone, blood transfusion
      and, where indicated, antibiotics were usually effective in treating the illness,
      with splenectomy reserved for cases where this treatment was unsatisfactory. In
      several individuals no treatment was required. Recovery was rapid, and complete
      recovery occurred in 83% of patients, usually within 6 months. Although 2
      patients died, a generally optimistic prognosis can be given, particularly in the
      absence of an underlying chronic disorder.

PMID- 6438993
TI  - A new test for the laboratory diagnosis of spherocytosis.
AB  - A new test for the laboratory diagnosis of spherocytosis, conventionally called
      'Pink test', is presented. This test, semi-quantitatively or quantitatively,
      determines the hemolysis of small blood samples in a solution containing glycerol
      (135 mmol/l), NaCl (25 mmol/l), NaN3 (1.5 mmol/l), buffered to pH 6.66 with Bis
      Tris (70 mmol/l) and HCl. 'Pink test', as well as 'acidified' glycerol lysis
      test, were positive in 100% of 42 patients suffering from hereditary
      spherocytosis, and optimally discriminated them from healthy subjects, showing a
      diagnostic sensitivity greater than 'standard' glycerol lysis test and osmotic
      fragility in hypotonic saline solutions of fresh or incubated blood. 'Pink test'
      was also positive in some cases of renal failure, immunohemolytic anemia, chronic
      hemoproliferative disorders, normal pregnant women, and negative in other
      microcytic anemias (beta-thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia). The results do not
      critically depend on pH of the solution (differently from those obtained with
      'acidified' glycerol lysis test), and for this reason they show a good
      reproducibility.

PMID- 6438994
TI  - Cytogenetic and functional studies of leukocytes with Pelger-Huet anomaly.
AB  - A cytogenetic study was undertaken in 15 cases of Pelger-Huet (P-H) anomaly in 3
      families. An enlarged short arm of chromosome 22 (22p+) was found in 14 cases,
      but in these families 4 cases without P-H anomaly did not show 22p+ in the
      karyotype. In P-H anomaly, delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions, levels of
      serum IgG, IgM and IgA, lymphocyte subpopulations, and natural killer and
      antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity activities were within normal
      range. The level of serum IgE, mitogen responses in peripheral blood lymphocyte
      and plaque-forming cell counts were also within normal range with the exception
      of a case with atopic eczema. Enzymatic activities, nitroblue tetrazolium
      reduction and phagocytic capacities of neutrophils appeared normal. Abnormalities
      of neutrophils in cases of P-H anomaly, as compared with normal subjects, were
      also negative in examinations for chemotaxis and spontaneous migration under
      agarose and in a membrane filter.

PMID- 6438995
TI  - Isolated amyloid lymphadenopathy.
AB  - An elderly patient presented with supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy due to
      massive amyloid deposits. No other organ was involved. The urine contained minute
      amounts of monoclonal light chains. This isolated amyloid lymphadenopathy with
      monoclonal gammopathy is of obscure nature and pathogenesis.

PMID- 6438996
TI  - Adenine arabinoside in severe thrombocytopenia due to hemorrhagic varicella.
AB  - An 18-year-old man, admitted because of severe bleeding manifestations due to
      varicella thrombocytopenia was administered 800 mg/day adenine arabinoside (Ara
      A) intravenously for 5 days. 2 days after the start of this treatment the
      bleeding phenomena became markedly reduced and a progressive increase in the
      platelet count was noted thereafter. Although a spontaneous improvement is known
      to occur in patients with varicella thrombocytopenia, the rapid clinical
      improvement after the Ara-A administration is suggestive for its beneficial
      effect in the presented patient.

PMID- 6438997
TI  - Acute hemolytic anemia induced by a pyrazolonic drug in a child with glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - In a 36-month-old child a severe hemolytic anemia occurred after the
      administration of a pyrazolonic drug. Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity was absent in the patient. Intermediate enzymatic levels
      were demonstrated in the mother and in the maternal grand-mother with a
      corresponding erythrocyte mosaicism at the methemoglobin elution test. Some cells
      showed Heinz bodies and peculiar changes in the morphology in the initial phase
      of the crisis. There is no mention in the literature of a hemolytic action of
      this drug.

PMID- 6438998
TI  - Labelled leucine uptake in the visual cells and pigment epithelium of young
      albino rats in response to different light-dark cycles.
AB  - The leucine uptake in the visual cells and pigment epithelium were studied in the
      young albino rats after exposing to different light-dark cycles. Some form a
      cycle pattern was found in the visual cell layer and two peaks were recorded. The
      pattern on the uptake in the pigment epithelium was less distinct but at least a
      peak in the morning was recognized. The peaks could be shifted by manipulating
      the light-dark environment.

PMID- 6438999
TI  - [Immunofluorescence studies in stomach and breast carcinomas and benign breast
      diseases].
AB  - A study was made for localization of immunoglobulins and complement components in
      human malignant tumour tissues. There were not observed characteristical deposits
      on tumour cells. In a 2nd investigation where indirect immunofluorescence method
      was used, autologous antibodies to tumour material were not detectable. Only with
      anti-C3-technique, 2 sera from patients with breast cancer and 1 serum from a
      patient with mastopathia reacted with breast cancer tissue (allogenic system).
      However, a lot of autoantibodies of different specifity could be found in sera of
      tumour patients. The problems of unspecific staining and the occurrence of
      autoantibodies in tumour sera were discussed.

PMID- 6439000
TI  - [Analysis of the structure and distribution of chromatin in interphase nuclei of
      different cell types from a pleural effusion of tumoral origin in man.
      Cytophotometric and electron microscopic studies].
AB  - The authors have studied the distribution and the structure of the chromatin in
      the different cell types from a human pleural effusion of tumoral origin (mammary
      adenocarcinoma). The results show that in the entire nuclei the distribution and
      the structure of the chromatin cannot be considered as characteristic
      morphological features of the cells of the same cellular type. Thus making a
      clear distinction among differentiating cells and cells in DNA synthesis or in G2
      period, only based on these properties of the chromatin, is very debatable. On
      the other hand, the distribution and the structure of the chromatin permit to
      characterize the different cell types in G1 period. The authors discuss the
      possible differential cytological diagnosis of the smears from human effusions of
      tumoral origin.

PMID- 6439001
TI  - Defects in citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain in progressive
      poliodystrophy.
AB  - We will present 8 children with progressive infantile or juvenile poliodystrophy
      (Alpers' disease), associated with a defect in pyruvate metabolism. Laboratory
      studies showed elevated levels of lactate in CSF and, in 4 children, elevated
      levels in serum. Histopathologic studies revealed lipid storage in liver and/or
      muscle tissue, sometimes myopathy with abnormal mitochondria and slight axonal
      degeneration in the peripheral nerve. Autopsy showed the characteristics of
      progressive poliodystrophy with degeneration and loss of neurons. Electron
      microscopy of cerebral cortex showed no mitochondrial abnormalities in neurons or
      astroglia. Biochemical studies in muscle and/or liver and/or cerebral tissue
      showed different deficiencies in pyruvate metabolism: in the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex, in the second part of the citric acid cycle (after the
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex), in the NADH oxidation, in cytochrome aa3 and
      in pyruvate carboxylase.

PMID- 6439002
TI  - CO2 laser and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 6439003
TI  - Subchondral PO2 and PCO2 are unaffected in experimental arthrosis.
AB  - We have made comparative measurements of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in
      normal and osteoarthritic subchondral bone tissue of rabbits in the 4-month stage
      of unilateral experimental arthrosis of the knee. The gas tensions were measured
      by a mass spectrometer via a special catheter inlet system. The mean values of
      the oxygen tensions on the normal and the osteoarthritic side were 39.8 and 46.2
      mmHg, respectively. The carbon dioxide tensions were 33.3 and 34.2 mmHg. Neither
      difference was significant.

PMID- 6439004
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of cardiac myxoma.
AB  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of six cardiac myxomas were
      carried out to further elucidate the histogenesis of this tumor and the cell
      character of myxoma cell. Ultrastructurally myxoma cells have varying degrees of
      endothelial characteristics with prominent vasoformative activity.
      Immunohistochemically, blood group H-antigen and Factor VIII-related antigen were
      identified in tumor cells of all six cases. Prostaglandin I2 was demonstrated in
      five. The contractile proteins (actin and myosin), basement membrane components
      (laminin and fibronectin) were identified in all cases. Intermediate filament
      vimentin was demonstrated in two cases. On the other hand, desmin, keratin, and
      glial fibrillary acidic protein were not demonstrated. This result further
      supports the concept of the endothelial origin of cardiac myxoma rather than
      origin form multipotential mesenchymal cells. Myxoma cells infiltrated and
      covered the fibrin thrombi attached to the surface of the tumor, and the fibrin
      thrombi were replaced by myxoid matrix as the myxoma cells infiltrated it. This
      finding suggests that fibrin thrombi may be related to the growth of cardiac
      myxoma and active synthesis of prostaglandin I2 in myxoma cells may be due to
      intimate contact with platelet-rich fibrin thrombi attached to the tumor.

PMID- 6439005
TI  - Monoclonal IgM-secreting neoplasms. Clinical and morphologic heterogeneity.
AB  - Two patients with monoclonal IgM-secreting neoplasms are presented. Though both
      patients could be diagnosed as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, the
      clinicopathologic features were quite contrastive. Most neoplastic cells in Case
      1 showed lymphocytic morphology with rather leukemic process, while those in Case
      2 were highly polymorphic with solid proliferation. The clinical and morphologic
      heterogeneity in these cases and cases in the literature is discussed, and the
      possible requirement to establish a system for the subclassification of IgM
      secreting neoplasms is insisted.

PMID- 6439006
TI  - Distribution of different collagen types and fibronectin in neurofibromatosis
      tumours.
AB  - Collagen types I, III, IV and V and fibronectin were localized in neurofibromas
      from six patients with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (NF) using indirect
      immunofluorescence (IIF) and peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) techniques. Type I
      and III collagens were abundantly and rather evenly present in the tumours and
      formed a continuous network, but were absent from the capillary endothelial walls
      and were sparse in the perineurium of the occasional nerve fascicles. The type
      III/type I + type III collagen ratio in neurofibromas varied from 17.4% to 37.3%
      when estimated with cyanogen bromide peptide analysis. Fibronectin was detected
      in areas where type I and III collagens were present but was most intensively
      stained in the vascular walls and perineurium. Type IV collagen was detected at
      the dermo-epidermal junction of the skin overlying the tumours, in the
      endothelial cells of the capillaries, the perineurium and endoneurium.
      Furthermore, in the tumourous stroma there was plenty of type IV collagen
      appearing as a discontinuous patchy pattern suggesting abundant basement membrane
      material associated with cells forming the tumours. Type V collagen distribution
      was very similar to that of type IV collagen.

PMID- 6439007
TI  - Dose-response curve for the ergotamine-induced decrease of peripheral systolic
      blood pressure in man.
AB  - Ergotamine tartrate (approximately 0.05, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg per 70 kg body
      weight) was given intravenously to 5 volunteers in a double-blind cross-over
      study. For 6 hours the following parameter were studied: arm, ankle and big toe
      systolic blood pressures. A dose-dependent but transient increase of arm systolic
      blood pressure was found. For changes of ankle-arm systolic gradients no dose
      response curve could be established. Toe-arm systolic gradients showed a dose
      dependent decrease, which at 4 to 6 hours seems suitable for pharmacodynamic
      comparison of different doses or routes of administration of ergotamine tartrate.

PMID- 6439008
TI  - Biochemical pattern in experimental exposure of humans to white spirit. II. The
      effects of repetitive exposures.
AB  - The concentration of P-immunoglobulins (P-IgG, P-IgA, P-IgM), P-orosomucoid, S
      creatine kinase (S-CK), and S-follicle stimulating hormone (S-FSH) was
      investigated in seven subjects exposed to 100 p.p.m. white spirit, 6 hrs daily
      during 5 days while 5 subjects were used as unexposed controls. The mean values
      for S-CK concentration in the exposed group increased significantly with 59% and
      76% above the base-line (O-hr value) 96 hrs and 168 hrs, respectively, after the
      start of the exposure (P less than 0.05), while the mean values for S-FSH
      concentration decreased significantly to 11% and 9% below the base-line after 24
      hrs and 96 hrs (P less than 0.05), respectively. S-CK concentration and S-FSH
      concentration in the control group remained unchanged. A marked interindividual
      and intraindividual variance in S-CK concentration and S-FSH concentration was
      observed. No changes in the concentration of immunoglobulins and orosomucoid were
      observed in both groups during the experiment. The mechanisms for the changes are
      at present only speculative, but solvent induced changes in muscle cell membranes
      with subsequent enzyme leakage seem the most reasonable explanation for the
      increase in S-CK concentration, while an effect on the hypothalamic FSH releasing
      hormone may explain the decrease in S-FSH concentration.

PMID- 6439009
TI  - Long-term effectiveness of the Adolescent Learning Center: a challenge to the
      concept of least restrictive environment.
AB  - The long-term effectiveness of the Adolescent Learning Center, a model classroom
      for emotionally disturbed adolescents, is described. The classroom is located in
      a restricted environment away from the public school campuses. In this follow-up
      study, the social adaptation and perceived adjustment of students who have
      mainstreamed back into regular classes for more than one year were assessed.
      Results on a behavioral checklist, student attitude questionnaire, and parents'
      questionnaire indicated that gains in emotional adjustment continued to accrue
      significantly upon the students' return to the public school setting. Since the
      therapeutic environment of the Adolescent Learning Center prompted personal and
      behavioral changes that transferred effectively to the regular school setting,
      for these adolescents the "most appropriate environment" for correcting school
      adjustment problems was one that is highly restrictive.

PMID- 6439010
TI  - Different effects of parathyroid hormone on epithelial transport.

PMID- 6439011
TI  - The effects of changes in serum calcium and parathormone on plasma renin activity
      in intact mongrel dogs.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to extend previous observations of the interaction
      between calcium and parathormone on renin synthesis by the kidney. Intact
      normovolemic mongrel dogs between 15 and 25 kg were used for all studies. Plasma
      renin activity (PRA) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Hypocalcemia produced by
      thyroparathyroidectomy or chelation with EDTA resulted in an elevated PRA of 3.76
      +/- .86 ng/ml/hr in 17 dogs compared to 1.5 +/- .29 ng/ml/hr in 14 controls (p
      less than .05). In 5 renovascular dogs calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine
      resulted in a higher PRA of 31.8 +/- 0.5 compared to 11.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml/hr in 23
      renovascular controls, p less than .001. The reactive hyperreninemia following
      angiotensin blockade was greater in 22 hypocalcemic (10.94 +/- 2.03 ng/ml/hr)
      dogs compared to 14 controls (1.32 +/- .34 ng/ml/hr), p less than .001. Results
      with calcium antagonism on PRA levels in renovascular dogs were found similar to
      those described with angiotensin blockade. We conclude from these studies that
      calcium-channel blockade or calcium reduction independent of a rise in
      parathormone was associated with an elevation of PRA in normal and renovascular
      hypertensive dogs. The rise in PRA could occur without changes in blood pressure
      or volume, consistent with an interruption of the short feedback loop control of
      renin synthesis by calcium antagonism. Finally, hypocalcemia and calcium-channel
      blockade resulted in reactive hyperreninemia greater than or equal to that seen
      after angiotensin blockade in both groups of dogs, again suggesting interference
      with the short feedback loop control of renin synthesis.

PMID- 6439012
TI  - Early renal adaptation to dietary phosphorus restriction.

PMID- 6439013
TI  - Metabolic bone disease associated with total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Patients receiving long-term treatment with total parenteral nutrition often
      develop bony abnormalities characterized by patchy osteomalacia and low bone
      turnover. The patients present evidence of physiologic hypoparathyroidism,
      although low levels of iPTH cannot entirely explain the osteomalacia. Abnormally
      low serum levels of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D have been demonstrated, but the
      significance of these reduced levels in the pathogenesis of the bone lesions is
      not defined. Aluminum has been detected in large quantities in the plasma, urine,
      and bone of some patients treated with TPN, and there is mounting evidence that
      aluminum may be associated with skeletal pathology, particularly osteomalacia.
      There is, however, no clear documentation that aluminum accumulation produces the
      skeletal lesions observed, although it could be a contributing factor. There has
      been the unusual empiric observation that the removal of vitamin D2 from the
      infusate is associated with a decrease in the quantity of unmineralized osteoid
      in TPN patients. A possible role of vitamin D2 in producing osteomalacia is not
      easy to understand since normal serum levels of 25(OH)-D2, the circulating form
      of vitamin D2, have been reported. The long-term consequences of intravenous
      nutritional support for many aspects of metabolism remain unknown. Administration
      into the systemic circulation of predetermined quantities of calcium and
      phosphorus via a route that bypasses their passage across the intestinal mucosa,
      the portal system and the liver may have adverse consequences. It is possible
      that bypassing homeostatic mechanisms may affect bone formation and metabolism or
      lead to alterations in vitamin D sterols. Alternatively, a deficiency of an
      essential trace metal or the accumulation of a toxic trace substance could be
      responsible for the bony abnormalities. Much remains to be clarified concerning
      calcium homeostasis and bone disease during total parenteral nutrition. Among
      various possible factors, it seems likely that the significance of the low levels
      of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and of the accumulation of aluminum in this condition will
      soon be clarified.

PMID- 6439014
TI  - Nutrition and protein turnover in man.

PMID- 6439015
TI  - The domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from northern Norway as intermediate
      host for three species of Sarcocystis.

PMID- 6439016
TI  - A light microscopic comparison of the cysts of four species of Sarcocystis
      infecting the domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Norway.

PMID- 6439017
TI  - Sarcocystis infection in wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Hardangervidda in
      southern Norway: with a description of the cysts of Sarcocystis hardangeri n. sp.

PMID- 6439018
TI  - Antimicrobial residues in milk. Comparison of different agar diffusion methods.

PMID- 6439019
TI  - Failure of transdermal nitroglycerin to improve chronic stable angina: a
      randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double crossover trial.
AB  - We assessed the effect of transdermal nitroglycerin (NTG-TTS), releasing 5 mg/24
      hr, in 11 patients with chronic stable angina during a randomized, placebo
      controlled, double-blind, double crossover trial of four 1-week periods. All
      patients had a positive exercise test and coronary artery disease prior to entry
      into the study. Efficacy was assessed weekly by anginal diaries, ambulatory ST
      segment recordings, and computerized exercise testing 2 to 4 hours after renewal
      of NTG-TTS. One patient withdrew in the first week (placebo) and was excluded
      from all analysis. The weekly frequency of anginal attacks was 9 +/- 11 (mean +/-
      SD) and 9 +/- 10 during the 2 placebo weeks and 11 +/- 14 and 9 +/- 11 during NTG
      TTS; the time to 1 mm ST segment depression (seconds) was 268 +/- 178 and 303 +/-
      217 with placebo and 228 +/- 221 and 285 +/- 178 with NTG-TTS; exercise duration
      (seconds) was 375 +/- 230 and 467 +/- 254 during placebo and was 394 +/- 233 and
      412 +/- 236 during NTG-TTS. The weekly number of episodes of ST depression was 11
      +/- 9 and 8 +/- 5 during placebo and 8 +/- 5 and 9 +/- 7 during NTG-TTS. Our
      study failed to show any consistent differences in patients treated with placebo
      or NTG-TTS.

PMID- 6439020
TI  - Transcutaneous nitroglycerin--ointment or disc?

PMID- 6439021
TI  - Environmental study of poultry confinement buildings.
AB  - Environmental measurements were made in three poultry confinement buildings in
      order to characterize gas and particulate contaminants. Levels of total and
      respirable dust averaged 4.4 and 0.24 mg/m3, respectively. Particle size
      distribution as measured by cascade impactors was similar in the three
      confinement houses with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of about 15 microns
      and a geometric standard deviation of about 2.2. Ammonia levels measured in the
      active areas of the buildings averaged about 25 ppm. Ammonia concentration was
      quite high, however, in an unused and unventilated portion of one of the
      buildings (mean = 170 ppm). CO2 levels ranged from 0.05-0.1%. Levels of CO, H2S,
      NO2, NOx, CH4, mercaptan, formaldehyde, and hydrocarbons were all below the limit
      of detection for indicator tubes. Concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi
      were on average about 1.5 X 10(5) and 1.0 X 10(4) colony-forming units/m3,
      respectively. Endotoxin analysis was also performed on the total and respirable
      dust samples. Endotoxin levels (expressed in air concentration) ranged from 0.77
      to 61 ng/m3 for total dust and from 0.71 to 15 ng/m3 for respirable dust.
      Endotoxin was also measured on the collection media from the individual impactor
      stages. Endotoxin was detected in all size ranges with the highest concentration
      of endotoxin per unit of dust found in the smallest (less than approximately 3.5
      microns) size fraction. The endotoxin levels tend to be lower than those
      previously reported in poultry operations.

PMID- 6439022
TI  - Permeation of polychlorinated biphenyls and solutions of these substances through
      selected protective clothing materials.
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used in a number of applications,
      particularly in the electric power industry. While these materials are no longer
      manufactured in the United States, they still exist in the field. Because of the
      hazardous nature of these compounds, effective chemical protective clothing is
      required. The permeation of neat PCBs, and solutions with trichlorobenzene and
      paraffin oil, through 11 different protective garment materials was determined.
      These experiments were done both with a permeation cell with water collection
      medium, and by periodically swiping thumb cots which contained the challenge
      liquids. Contamination was a continuing problem because of the resinous,
      nonvolatile properties of PCBs. While the results from the two methods were not
      identical, they did agree qualitatively. The best protection against PCBs was
      provided by nitrile, Viton, Viton SF and Vitrile. While the results with PVA and
      Teflon were also very good, these materials have other characteristics which may
      make their use suspect. For most of the other materials, the performance depended
      on the challenge liquid. The weight and volume changes which occurred when the
      materials were soaked in the challenge liquids were determined. The volume
      changes of 80 percent of those challenge/material combinations which exhibited
      breakthrough correlated with the breakthrough times normalized to the square of
      the material thickness.

PMID- 6439023
TI  - Efficacy and safety of intravenous tocainide compared with intravenous lidocaine
      for acute ventricular arrhythmias immediately after cardiac surgery.
AB  - In this double-blind parallel study, 99 patients with acute ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias after open-heart surgery were given either tocainide (50
      patients) or lidocaine (49 patients) intravenously as 2 bolus injections 15
      minutes apart, plus a fixed-rate infusion that started at the first bolus. If
      needed, a third bolus was administered and simultaneously the infusion rate was
      doubled. The boluses and initial infusion rate for tocainide treatment were,
      respectively, 250, 250 and 125 mg and 1.04 mg/min, and for lidocaine treatment,
      100, 50 and 50 mg and 2.08 mg/min. When efficacy was defined as 80% or greater
      reduction in single ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) or complete abolition
      of ventricular couplets or ventricular tachycardia, no difference in efficacy
      between the 2 treatments was found by bedside electrocardiographic monitoring. By
      computer analysis of 24-hour taped electrocardiograms and a regression analysis
      of the proportion of patients responding favorably to treatment, it was estimated
      that an 80% or greater reduction of single VPCs occurred in 55% of patients
      during tocainide treatment and in 48% of patients during lidocaine treatment;
      abolition of couplets occurred in 74% and 68% of patients, respectively; and
      abolition of ventricular tachycardia in 87% and 73% of patients, respectively.
      These treatment-related differences were different (p less than 0.004). Adverse
      reactions occurred in 5 patients (10%) given tocainide (hypotension in 4;
      junctional rhythm in 1 patient; and nausea-vomiting in 1) and led to
      discontinuation of treatment in 3 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439024
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: review of clinical trials.
AB  - Intracoronary infusion of streptokinase is associated with recanalization rates
      of 60 to 90% immediately after the procedure. Mortality data in published trials
      are conflicting. In 125 registry patients who had paired contrast ventriculograms
      before streptokinase infusion and hospital discharge, improvement in ejection
      fraction correlated with incomplete coronary obstruction before angiography, the
      presence of collateral vessels to the infarct area and recanalization of complete
      obstruction. In assessing the risk/benefit ratio of intracoronary streptokinase
      infusion, the risks of angiography in the setting of acute myocardial infarction,
      reocclusion, bleeding and such secondary interventions as angioplasty or bypass
      surgery must be considered. Intravenous infusion of conventional doses of
      streptokinase was associated with improved survival in some trials in which
      therapy began within 12 hours after the onset of infarction. Immediate
      recanalization rates in patients who received large doses of intravenous
      streptokinase were lower than those associated with intracoronary streptokinase
      infusion. The risks and benefits of high-dose intravenous streptokinase
      administration must still be assessed.

PMID- 6439025
TI  - Effect of soy protein and casein intake on intestinal absorption and lymphatic
      transport of cholesterol and oleic acid.
AB  - Rats were fed for 4 wk on defined diets containing either casein or soy as the
      protein source, or diets in which the lysine/arginine ratios were modified by
      addition of arginine to casein, and lysine to the soy diet. During this period,
      weight gains and food intakes were comparable in the four dietary groups. Animals
      were subjected to cannulation of the left thoracic lymphatic duct, and after an
      overnight fast, were given a single intragastric dose of a lipid emulsion
      containing oleic acid and cholesterol. The overall 24-h recoveries of cholesterol
      and fatty acid in lymph were similar in the four groups, as were the distribution
      of lipids among the major lipid fractions and lipoprotein classes of thoracic
      duct lymph. However, analysis of timed lymph collections indicated that
      absorption of lipids was more rapid in casein-fed rats than in those fed soy
      protein. Furthermore, addition of arginine to the casein diet resulted in a
      slowed rate of lipid absorption, and addition of lysine to the soy diet markedly
      increased the rate of lipid absorption.

PMID- 6439026
TI  - Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk,
      and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals.
AB  - The use of fermented dairy foods is common in areas of the world where lactase
      deficiency is prevalent. Recently, we have shown that the digestion of lactose
      from yogurt is enhanced as compared to that from milk. This enhanced digestion is
      apparently due to inherent B-galactosidase in yogurt which is active in the
      gastrointestinal tract after consumption of the yogurt. Furthermore, yogurt is
      well tolerated by lactase-deficient subjects resulting in little or no
      gastrointestinal distress. Since other fermented and microbial-containing dairy
      foods are consumed worldwide and may also contain some "lactase" activity, we
      chose to evaluate the digestion of lactose from three of these products:
      pasteurized yogurt, cultured milk (buttermilk), and sweet acidophilus milk.
      Breath hydrogen techniques were used to evaluate lactose malabsorption in nine
      lactase-deficient subjects. The studies demonstrated that yogurt is unique among
      the products tested in enhancing the digestion of lactose. Furthermore,
      pasteurization of yogurt eliminated the enhanced digestion of lactose, reduced
      the inherent lactase activity of the yogurt by 10-fold and reduced cell counts by
      100-fold. Interestingly, eight of nine subjects fed cultured milk experienced
      gastrointestinal distress, whereas all subjects fed pasteurized yogurt were
      symptom free, even though the amount of malabsorbed lactose was similar.

PMID- 6439027
TI  - Regulation of valine metabolism in man: a stable isotope study.
AB  - Valine and leucine kinetics were studied in four young healthy men in the
      postabsorptive state with a 4-h primed infusion of either L-[1-13C,15N] valine or
      L-[1-13C,15N]-leucine. For 1 wk before each infusion study each subject consumed
      a diet that provided an adequate amount of energy and 1.6 kg/day of protein.
      During infusion of tracer, plasma valine or leucine, and expired 13CO2 reached
      isotopic steady state by 2 h. The valine and leucine carbon fluxes (mean +/- SE)
      were 80.3 +/- 1.2 and 86.6 +/- 2.0 mumol kg-1h-1, respectively, consistent with
      the lesser content of valine compared with leucine in body protein. Valine and
      leucine oxidation rates were 11.8 +/- 0.6 and 15.9 +/- 1.1 mumol kg-1h-1,
      respectively. From these values and values for valine and leucine nitrogen flux,
      the rates of valine and leucine transamination were calculated. Valine and
      leucine deamination were 84.0 +/- 3.5 and 103.0 +/- 6.5 mumol kg-1h-1, and values
      for reamination were 72.2 +/- 3.3 and 87.1 +/- 7.5 mumol kg-1h-1, respectively.
      Thus, the patterns of valine and leucine catabolism are similar. However, when
      the plasma substrate levels are used to estimate transamination rate constants,
      we estimate that the transamination equilibrium favors leucine transamination
      over valine by 5-fold.

PMID- 6439028
TI  - Postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient during early and late
      pregnancy.
AB  - Rates of energy expenditure after a 750-kcal meal were determined by open
      circuit, indirect calorimetry for four women in late pregnancy (30 to 40 wk
      gestation), six women in early pregnancy (10 to 20 wk gestation), and six
      nonpregnant women. Preprandial resting metabolic rates, expressed in kcal min-1,
      were 22.5% higher (p less than 0.05) in the late pregnancy group compared to the
      early pregnancy, and 15.9% higher (p less than 0.05) in the early pregnancy
      compared to the nonpregnant women. No differences in preprandial energy
      expenditure rates were seen between groups when expressed as kcal kg-1 h-1. Rates
      of energy expenditure increased above preprandial levels in all groups by 15 min
      postprandially and remained significantly elevated for the next 175 min. The
      total increase in postprandial energy expenditure above preprandial levels did
      not differ significantly due to stage of gestation. Respiratory quotient, the
      ratio of VCO2:VO2, increased significantly in all groups (p less than 0.05) above
      preprandial levels by 15 min after the meal. Respiratory quotient values began
      decreasing after 95 min and returned, in all groups, to preprandial levels by 175
      min. The results from this study demonstrate that the increase in the rates of
      energy expenditure after a mixed meal was not altered by gestation.

PMID- 6439029
TI  - Mitomycin-C, etoposide, cisplatin, and hexamethylmelamine (MEPH) as a second-line
      regimen in lung cancer.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with advanced lung cancer refractory to chemotherapy with
      MACC (methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and CCNU) were treated with a
      combination of mitomycin-C, etoposide, cisplatin, and hexamethylmelamine (MEPH).
      Among 45 evaluable patients, there were seven partial responders (16%), including
      2/18 adenocarcinomas, 3/13 small cell anaplastic carcinomas, 1/5 large cell
      anaplastic carcinomas, and 1/9 squamous cell carcinomas. Major toxic side effects
      included thrombocytopenia (30/45 patients), leukopenia (22/45 patients), and
      emesis. Renal toxicity occurred in three patients, and cardiac arrhythmia was
      observed in one patient. Despite a low response rate, which was expected in this
      group of heavily pretreated patients with poor prognostic characteristics, these
      data suggest a lack of cross-resistance between MEPH and MACC.

PMID- 6439030
TI  - Increased numbers of lymphocytes with single class surface immunoglobulins in
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Lymphocyte populations with abnormal kappa/lambda ratios have been described
      previously in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and in lymphoid hyperplasia. The
      authors studied 12 patients in whom lymph nodes diagnostic of Hodgkin's disease
      contained evidence of monoclonal lymphocyte proliferation. One patient
      subsequently was found to have a B-cell lymphoma. The others have not been found
      to differ in any important characteristic from 25 Hodgkin's disease patients with
      normal ratios studied for comparison.

PMID- 6439031
TI  - Thrombosis in patients with a circulating anticoagulant.

PMID- 6439032
TI  - Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in children with the lupus
      anticoagulant.
AB  - Endogenous circulating anticoagulants are unusual in children without a
      congenital factor deficiency. In particular, the lupus anticoagulant has only
      rarely been reported in children. Despite its functioning in vitro to prolong the
      partial thromboplastin time, patients more frequently have problems with
      thrombosis than bleeding, unless there is a coexistent prothrombin deficiency or
      thrombocytopenia. We report the cases of three children with the lupus
      anticoagulant. Two children had associated thromboses. One had a thrombosis of
      the iliofemoral system and the other had a partial Budd-Chiari syndrome, a
      thrombosis of the deep calf veins and ureteric obstruction. The third child had a
      concomitant prothrombin deficiency and bleeding after tooth extraction.
      Associated findings in these patients included a positive antinuclear antibody
      test in two, a positive anti-DNA antibody test in two, a false-positive VDRL test
      in two, and an antiphospholipid antibody test in two.

PMID- 6439033
TI  - Health Maintenance Organizations and state DRG hospital cost control programs:
      the need for federal preemption.
AB  - The growth of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) as alternatives to the
      conventional health care system is the result of HMOs' financial competitiveness
      and their ability to provide efficient health care without wasteful and costly
      medical procedures. An HMO's goal is to minimize the cost of providing
      responsible medical care. As a result, HMOs attempt to limit the length of stay
      of a patient in a hospital by providing alternatives to hospital care. They
      achieve a competitive advantage by utilizing less expensive methods of treatment.
      The emergence of diagnostically related group (DRG) regulatory systems threaten
      the viability of HMOs by eliminating their competitive advantage. State-adopted
      DRG systems require hospitals to charge a fixed rate to all patients with similar
      diagnoses. This eliminates the advantage an HMO might gain by reducing a
      patient's length of stay. The Author argues that since HMOs are federally
      supported, they should be exempt from any DRG system implemented by a state.
      Further, the Author argues that while federal law ostensibly eliminates the
      conflict between HMOs and the DRG systems, HMOs are still restrained from free
      negotiations with hospitals. Accordingly, the Author contends that courts should
      apply federal statutes that encourage HMOs, preempt state laws, and thus allow
      HMOs to negotiate freely with hospitals regarding the rates of payment for
      patients.

PMID- 6439034
TI  - Cost effectiveness of an enteral products formulary.
AB  - The development, implementation, and resultant cost savings of a revised enteral
      products formulary at a 430-bed, community teaching hospital are described. In
      1982, a review of the available enteral nutrition products (ENPs) was performed
      by the pharmacy and food service departments in conjunction with the pharmacy and
      therapeutics committee. Three broad categories of products were identified-
      intact-protein, chemically defined, and modular formulas--with 11 subgroups.
      Products were then evaluated for inclusion on the restricted formulary on the
      basis of osmolality; source, quality, and proportions of protein, carbohydrate,
      and fat; electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin content; and cost. Fourteen products
      were admitted to the restricted 1983 formulary. Previously, 20 products had been
      stocked by the pharmacy. Products from two subgroups, blenderized and mild-base
      diets, were deleted from the formulary because of cost, infrequent use, and
      availability of suitable alternatives. To decrease inventory carrying costs,
      products are stocked in vanilla or unflavored form, with flavoring packets
      available. Educational efforts were undertaken to increase the medical staff's
      awareness of the revised formulary. Within three months of implementation of the
      revised formulary, purchase of nonformulary items had ceased. A considerable cost
      savings was achieved because of the formulary.

PMID- 6439035
TI  - Using decentralized pharmacists to provide nutritional support services.

PMID- 6439036
TI  - Concomitant insulin and sulfonylurea therapy in patients with type II diabetes.
      Effects on glucoregulation and lipid metabolism.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests concomitant insulin and sulfonylurea therapy has a
      theoretical potential in the management of type II diabetes mellitus. In a long
      term double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study of combination therapy,
      serum glucose, C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were evaluated in insulin-treated
      patients with poorly controlled, type II diabetes mellitus after addition of
      either glyburide (n = 10) or placebo (n = 12). Oral glucose tolerance testing was
      performed at weeks 0, 4, and 16. Clinical characteristics and glycemic control
      (fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values) were similar at week 0
      in both groups. The placebo group had no change in any metabolic parameter
      throughout the study period. At week 4, glyburide significantly lowered fasting
      blood glucose and integrated glucose areas (p less than 0.01) compared with
      values at week 0 (fasting blood glucose 225 +/- 20 versus 286 +/- 27 mg/dl, p
      less than 0.02). Mean fasting, stimulated, and integrated C-peptide levels were
      significantly higher (p less than 0.02) at week 4 versus week 0. At week 16, mean
      fasting blood glucose values remained significantly lower compared with baseline
      values (252 +/- 25 versus 286 +/- 27 mg/dl, p less than 0.05). Glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) at weeks 4 to 16
      compared with the baseline values. Although glucose responses and integrated
      areas were no different after oral glucose tolerance testing, fasting and
      stimulated C-peptide levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at week
      16 versus week 0. Lipid and lipoprotein levels remained unchanged. In summary,
      combination therapy consisting of glyburide and insulin moderately improved
      glucose control in type II diabetes mellitus at the end of four weeks. Despite
      significantly lower fasting serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels
      after 16 weeks, combination treatment did not normalize glycemic control. Glucose
      tolerance decreased further after 16 weeks despite persistence of increased
      endogenous insulin secretion. The role of the combination therapy in the long
      term care of patients with type II diabetes mellitus needs further investigation.

PMID- 6439037
TI  - Androgen receptor abnormalities in identical twins with oligospermia. Clinical
      and biochemical studies.
AB  - Identical twin brothers presented with oligospermia, small testes, normal male
      phenotypes, elevated serum luteinizing hormone levels, and normal or elevated
      serum testosterone levels. Both men had low to low-normal cytosol androgen
      receptor binding capacity in cultured fibroblasts from pubic skin biopsy
      specimens. Qualitative abnormalities of cellular androgen receptors were
      suggested by low-normal or low nuclear androgen uptake in fibroblasts from both
      brothers as well as abnormal thermolability and subnormal molybdate stabilization
      of androgen receptors from one brother. In vivo androgen sensitivity was assessed
      in one twin following administration of testosterone or the non-aromatizable
      androgen fluoxymesterone. Fluoxymesterone suppressed serum luteinizing hormone
      and serum testosterone/estradiol-binding globulin, and although testosterone
      suppressed both serum luteinizing hormone and serum follicle-stimulating hormone,
      the suppression of serum luteinizing hormone by testosterone was subnormal. Both
      subjects showed marked exaggeration of the serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone increase
      after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, despite normal serum
      testosterone increases, suggesting a block in testicular 17,20-desmolase, which
      converts 17-hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone. These studies suggest that
      oligospermia and block of the enzyme 17,20-desmolase may be the earliest
      manifestations of androgen resistance, and the finding of the syndrome of
      oligospermia, normal male phenotype, and androgen receptor abnormalities in
      identical twins indicates a genetic etiology of this disorder.

PMID- 6439038
TI  - New genetics of Burkitt's lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Recent progress in cytogenetics and molecular genetics allows striking new
      insight into Burkitt's lymphoma. In this B cell tumor, the oncogene c-myc located
      on the long arm of chromosome 8 translocates to one of three locations: adjacent
      to the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14, adjacent to the gene for
      the kappa light chain of immunoglobulin on chromosome 2, or adjacent to the gene
      for the lambda light chain on chromosome 22. Nucleotide sequence analysis
      indicates that the translocated c-myc is usually upstream of an immunoglobulin
      constant region gene, although the exact position varies. In its new location,
      the oncogene is actively transcribed and may have escaped its normal control
      mechanisms. It can be no coincidence that this B cell lymphoma is intimately
      associated with a misadventure in the genetic underpinnings of the major event in
      B cell differentiation, the assembling of a functional immunoglobulin molecule.
      Similar genetic catastrophes probably account for the more common B cell
      lymphomas and could provide the basis of a coherent lymphoma classification.

PMID- 6439039
TI  - Frontofacionasal dysplasia: evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - We report on a 2-month-old girl whose parents are first cousins. The patient has
      severe craniofacial anomalies characterized by: encephalocele, hypertelorism,
      midface hypoplasia, hypoplasia of frontal bone on the left side, malformed left
      eye, absent inner eyelashes, irregular S-shaped palpebral fissures, deformed
      nostrils, hypoplastic right nasal wing and cleft lip, and clefts of premaxilla,
      palate and uvula. No other malformations were observed. This association of
      anomalies suggests the diagnosis of frontofacionasal dysplasia. Parental
      consanguinity suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 6439040
TI  - Arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille syndrome): extreme variability among affected
      family members.
AB  - We describe a three-generation family in which five individuals have
      arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille syndrome) with striking differences in the
      degree of severity. Two sisters presented with neonatal jaundice, peripheral
      pulmonic stenosis, and characteristic facial appearance including a broad
      forehead, deep-set eyes, prominent nose, and pointed chin. One died at 5 years of
      cirrhosis with portal hypertension and the other at 18 months of congestive heart
      failure. Their asymptomatic 32-year-old mother and 35-year-old maternal aunt have
      a similar facial appearance, pulmonic stenosis, skeletal anomalies, and bilateral
      posterior embryotoxon. Neither has evidence of clinical liver disease. The
      maternal grandfather, who refused evaluation, has a similar appearance, a history
      of liver disease, and a heart murmur. Extreme intrafamilial variability has not
      been reported previously and most affected individuals described in the past have
      followed a benign course. The pattern of severity in this family suggests the
      possibility of a maternal factor augmenting the clinical expression in affected
      offspring. The skeletal anomalies and posterior embryotoxon are valuable signs in
      detecting asymptomatic but affected individuals who are at risk for having
      offspring with this potentially lethal condition.

PMID- 6439041
TI  - The fetal valproate syndrome.
AB  - We evaluated seven children who had been exposed to sodium valproate (or valproic
      acid) in utero. A consistent facial phenotype was observed in all seven in
      addition to other birth defects in four. The facial changes consisted of
      epicanthal folds which continued inferiorly and laterally to form a crease or
      groove just under the orbit, flat nasal bridge, small upturned nose, long upper
      lip with a relatively shallow philtrum, a thin upper vermillion border, and
      downturned angles of the mouth. Hypospadias, strabismus, and psychomotor delay
      were found in two males; two children had nystagmus and two had low birth weight.

PMID- 6439042
TI  - Apparently new oculo-cerebro-acral syndrome.

PMID- 6439043
TI  - Continuous, noninvasive measurement of fetal oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in
      labor by use of mass spectrometry.
AB  - Clinical evaluation of the continuous, simultaneous measurement of fetal scalp
      surface oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures by mass spectrometry was
      undertaken for 52 labors. The mass spectrometer (MM8-80, V.G. Gas Analysis,
      Winsford, England) was easy to operate and had good long-term stability. The mean
      drifts for both oxygen and carbon dioxide over the study periods were less than 2
      mm Hg. The mean (+/- SD) cervical dilatation at the time of transducer
      application was 6.1 (+/- 1.9) cm and the mean (+/- SD) duration of the studies
      was 169 (+/- 122) minutes; 10.5% of the transducer applications were
      unsuccessful. Falls in fetal scalp surface oxygen levels and rises in carbon
      dioxide levels were more frequent with late than with variable and with variable
      than with early fetal heart rate decelerations and with increasing severity and
      frequency of decelerations. Fetal scalp surface pressure changes also occurred
      with fetal heart rate variability changes, including some related to behavioral
      state changes. There was not a constant reciprocal relationship between oxygen
      and carbon dioxide changes, and fetal heart rate patterns were not related to
      actual blood gas levels. Fetal scalp surface measurements were related to both
      fetal blood sample and umbilical artery results. Trends in both oxygen and carbon
      dioxide levels during the course of labor were compared and related to other
      fetal variables, and most of the time the scalp surface measurements were an
      accurate guide to systemic blood gas levels. Maternal oxygen administration
      resulted in significant increase in fetal scalp surface oxygen levels, and on two
      of eight occasions it also led to decreases in fetal carbon dioxide levels. Scalp
      surface gas measurement by means of mass spectrometry is a powerful new method of
      intrapartum fetal monitoring, which should increase the precision of fetal
      surveillance as well as allow the accurate assessment of both established and new
      methods for optimizing labor and delivery.

PMID- 6439044
TI  - Oral Rh treatment for severely immunized mother.

PMID- 6439045
TI  - The expression of Rh-D factor in human trophoblast.

PMID- 6439046
TI  - The fire hazard of carbon dioxide laser surgery.

PMID- 6439047
TI  - Home health care and the elderly in the 1980s.
AB  - Because the cost of institutional care for long-term patients has risen, home
      health has become a more visible and viable alternative to the growing elderly
      population. This article discusses problems found in the rapid expansion of home
      health services and presents two alternative health care delivery systems that
      address these problems: the Medicaid Waiver and the Social/Health Maintenance
      Organization.

PMID- 6439048
TI  - Ecological distinctions between sympatric species of Saguinus and Sciurus.
AB  - Tamarins are small New World monkeys that have been described as "squirrellike."
      Squirrels, along with bats and birds, are the taxa most likely to utilize
      resources similar to those used by primates in the tropical forest canopy. In
      this paper we compare differences in ecology, diet, locomotion, and habitat
      utilization between sympatric populations of tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and tree
      squirrels (Sciurus granatensis) in Panama. Data presented indicate that although
      there is some degree of resource overlap, patterns of habitat utilization differ
      significantly. Rather than being "squirrellike," the Panamanian tamarin exhibits
      a pattern of locomotor and feeding behavior consistent with that found in other
      arboreal primates.

PMID- 6439049
TI  - Are the Kow Swamp hominids "archaic"?
AB  - Initial reports of hominids recovered at Kow Swamp, in the Murray Valley of
      Victoria indicated that, on the basis of cranial analyses, there was a "survival
      of Homo erectus features in Australia until as recently as 10,000 years ago
      (Thorne and Macumber, 1972, p. 316). This claim was later refuted by others, who
      suggested that artificial cranial deformation may have been responsible for at
      least some of the distinctive and "primitive" traits seen in the Kow Swamp
      individuals. Previous research by this worker and others has indicated that
      taxonomic traits at both specific and subspecific levels are present in hominine
      femora. Therefore, it may be possible to evaluate the "primitiveness" of the Kow
      Swamp sample on the basis of their femoral anatomy. Morphometric analyses were
      undertaken, using as controls femora of Romano British, Tasmanian, and other
      Murray Valley populations. On the basis of bivariate and multivariate analyses it
      was found that, at least in this single element of the postcranium, no primitive
      features were present. The Kow Swamp sample, in fact, shows a very close
      morphometric relationship with all included Homo sapiens controls and is
      significantly distinct from Homo erectus.

PMID- 6439050
TI  - Role of the kidney in metabolism of gonadotropins in rats.
AB  - The role of the kidney in the metabolic disposal of homologous gonadotropins
      [renal luteinizing hormone (rLH) and renal follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH)]
      was studied in rats. In analogy with other protein hormones, renal mechanisms
      contributed importantly to their metabolic clearance rates (MCR), which were
      profoundly and comparably decreased following nephrectomy (by 94 and 78% for rLH
      and rFSH, respectively). Absolute MCR and renal organ clearance rates of
      gonadotropins were, however, markedly lower and urinary clearance rates
      proportionally higher than those of nonglycosylated protein hormones reported
      previously. Nonetheless, handling of both LH and FSH by the kidney probably
      involves, in addition to their excretion in the urine, also intrarenal
      degradation because their urinary clearance rates accounted for at most a third
      of their respective MCR, considerably less than the striking reduction of MCR
      seen after acute renal ablation. Moreover, losses of LH immunoreactivity across
      the renal circulation were over and above those accountable for by urinary
      excretion alone. Thus, handling of gonadotropins by the kidney differs from that
      of nonglycoprotein hormones both in magnitude and in that it involves, in
      addition to intrarenal degradation, also substantial urinary excretion, a pattern
      that appears to be representative of the way the kidney disposes of glycoprotein
      hormones in general.

PMID- 6439051
TI  - A23187-induced changes in colonic K and Cl transport are mediated by separate
      mechanisms.
AB  - Stripped rabbit colonic mucosa was studied in vitro in Ussing chambers to
      determine 1) effects of the divalent cation ionophore A23187 on K and Cl fluxes
      and electrical properties; 2) effects of the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis
      inhibitor indomethacin on A23187-, PGE1-, and arachidonic acid-induced changes in
      electrical parameters and K and Cl fluxes; and 3) changes in PGE2 release in
      response to A23187, arachidonic acid, indomethacin, or indomethacin and either
      A23187 or arachidonic acid. Results from these studies demonstrate that A23187,
      PGE1, and arachidonate increase net K and Cl secretion. Results with indomethacin
      reveal that this agent abolishes the increase in Cl secretion stimulated by
      A23187 or arachidonate but not by PGE1. Indomethacin also abolished net K
      secretion stimulated by arachidonate but not by A23187 or PGE1. These results
      together with the finding that A23187 like arachidonate increases PGE2 release in
      the absence but not the presence of indomethacin suggest that A23187-stimulated
      Cl secretion occurs by a PG-dependent mechanism, while A23187-induced K secretion
      occurs by an alternate Ca-dependent mechanism.

PMID- 6439052
TI  - Relation between dietary-induced increase of intestinal lactase activity and
      lactose digestion and absorption in adult rats.
AB  - To study the relation between dietary-induced increase of intestinal lactase
      activity and lactose absorption, 11-wk-old rats were fed either a high-starch (70
      cal%), low-fat (7 cal%) diet or a low-starch (5 cal%), high-fat (73 cal%) diet
      for 7 days. Food intake and body weight changes were similar in the two dietary
      groups. In the first experiment, lactose absorption was studied in vivo after
      oral administration of 600 mg lactose (10% solution in water with added [3H]PEG)
      to rats fasted for 16 h. Groups of rats were killed at time 0 and at 1-h
      intervals for the next 3 h. Lactase activity and lactose absorption were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the high-starch group than in the low
      starch group. In the subsequent experiment, 9-wk-old rats were fed the two
      isocaloric diets for 3 days. By use of the everted sac technique, we have
      demonstrated a significantly higher absorption of monosaccharides from lactose in
      the high-starch diet group; also, glucose transport was higher in the high-starch
      diet-fed animals. When Tris, an inhibitor of lactase, was added into the mucosal
      fluid, absorption of lactose was abolished and no effect was seen on glucose
      absorption (in vivo and in vitro). In both experiments, significant linear
      regression was established between lactase activity and lactose absorption. Our
      results thus show that the increase in lactase activity, induced by feeding a
      high-starch diet to adult rats, is accompanied by an increased capacity to
      hydrolyze lactose and absorb the constituent monosaccharides.

PMID- 6439053
TI  - ADH or theophylline-induced changes in intracellular free and membrane-bound
      calcium.
AB  - Ca2+ is thought to play a role in the enhancement of water permeability of toad
      urinary bladder epithelial cells by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or theophylline.
      This study examined the effects of ADH and theophylline on intracellular free
      Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and total cellular exchangeable Ca2+ in isolated toad bladder
      epithelial cells. ADH or theophylline enhanced water permeability maximally by 15
      25 min after a 4-min lag. 45Ca2+ efflux, a probe for total cellular exchangeable
      (plasma membrane plus intracellular) Ca2+, was enhanced by ADH within 2 min and
      returned to control by 8 min. Chlortetracycline fluorescence, a probe for
      intracellular Ca2+ only, was not affected, suggesting that ADH released only
      plasma membrane-bound Ca2+. Theophylline enhanced 45Ca2+ efflux and decreased
      chlortetracycline fluorescence, suggesting release of Ca2+ from intracellular
      sources. Both agents decreased [Ca2+]i as assessed by quin-2 fluorescence with a
      time course similar to the enhancement in water permeability. The results suggest
      that the changes in membrane-bound Ca2+ and [Ca2+]i induced by ADH and
      theophylline may play a role in the enhanced permeability to water in response to
      these agents.

PMID- 6439054
TI  - Lithium antagonizes ethanol intoxication in alcoholics.
AB  - Thirty-five detoxified alcoholics given lithium in a placebo-controlled, double
      blind study reported less intoxication, a decrease in the desire to continue
      drinking, and less cognitive dysfunction when challenged by standardized doses of
      ethanol. Lithium also appeared to antagonize the ethanol-induced decrement in
      cognitive and perceptual motor performance. No differential lithium effect was
      noted when alcoholics were divided by diagnoses of affective disorder versus no
      affective disorder. The authors suggest that, in addition to mood normalization,
      lithium's capacity to directly affect ethanol intoxication may help explain its
      potential therapeutic efficacy in alcoholism, providing further confirmatory
      evidence that lithium may be useful in the treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 6439055
TI  - Brain disease and psychiatric illness: when should a psychiatrist order a CAT
      scan?
AB  - Because psychiatric symptoms are frequently the earliest signs of CNS pathology,
      the author outlines the structural brain diseases that may underlie several
      psychiatric syndromes and describes the computerized axial tomographic (CAT) scan
      findings associated with those diseases. On the basis of an awareness of these
      conditions and a cost-benefit analysis, the following indications for CAT
      scanning of psychiatric patients are proposed: 1) confusion and/or dementia of
      unknown cause, 2) first episode of a psychosis of unknown etiology, 3) movement
      disorder of unknown etiology, 4) anorexia nervosa, 5) prolonged catatonia, and 6)
      first episode of major affective disorder or personality change after age 50.

PMID- 6439056
TI  - Psychomotor epileptic symptoms in six patients with bipolar mood disorders.
AB  - Of 12 consecutive patients with bipolar mood disorders satisfying DSM-III
      criteria, six were discovered to have five or more psychomotor epileptic
      symptoms. All of the six had olfactory hallucinations, metamorphopsias, and
      multiple deja vu or mystical experiences. Each of them responded to lithium
      carbonate and had a first-degree relative with a bipolar disorder. The authors
      suggest that psychomotor symptoms may be more prevalent in bipolar patients than
      has hitherto been recognized.

PMID- 6439057
TI  - Antimanic effects of verapamil.
AB  - When the authors compared the antimanic effects of verapamil, lithium carbonate,
      and placebo, no differences were seen between lithium and verapamil and both were
      more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms. No major side effects emerged
      during the study.

PMID- 6439058
TI  - Lithium-carbamazepine neurotoxicity and risk factors.
AB  - Five rapid-cycling manic patients developed neurotoxic syndromes when treated
      with a combination of lithium and carbamazepine, although all five had
      therapeutic plasma levels of both drugs. The risk factors for development of
      neurotoxicity with this drug combination are discussed.

PMID- 6439059
TI  - Normal thyroid function in desipramine nonresponders converted to responders by
      the addition of L-triiodothyronine.
AB  - The results of complete thyroid function testing were normal in four desipramine
      nonresponders who were converted to responders by addition of L-triiodothyronine
      (T3). These findings suggest that the effectiveness of T3 is not due to
      correction of subtle thyroid deficiencies.

PMID- 6439060
TI  - Senile dementia: public policy and adequate institutional care.
AB  - Increasing costs of institutional care for the aged have occasioned a variety of
      government cost containment measures. People with senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer's type (SDAT) will be the principal group to suffer from cutbacks. SDAT
      patients are usually eligible for Intermediate Care Facilities (ICFs), rather
      than Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) and therefore for lower reimbursement.
      Because such patients require heavy care and are the ones most likely to be
      Medicaid-dependent, nursing homes are being provided with incentives to prevent
      admissions. At the same time, community services to aid overburdened caregivers
      are grossly inadequate. Costs to other parts of the health systems are increased
      by backups in acute hospitals when nursing home beds cannot be found. SDAT and
      Medicaid eligibility are the principal causes of such "administratively
      necessary" backup days, but in the main Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) may
      close even that temporary resource. Thus, virtually all avenues of care are
      shrinking for those who need them most.

PMID- 6439061
TI  - New drug combination for experimental late-stage African trypanosomiasis: DL
      alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with suramin.
AB  - Using a previously described mouse model of late-stage African trypanosomiasis
      (i.e., involvement of the central nervous system), we demonstrate that a
      combination of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and suramin is curative.
      In the curative protocol, DFMO is given as a 2% solution in the drinking water
      for 14 days and suramin is administered as a single dose (20 mg/kg intravenously)
      on day 1 of DFMO administration. Since: 1) DFMO has very low toxicity, 2) suramin
      is one of the least toxic of the presently used trypanocides, and 3) suramin and
      DFMO act synergistically in mouse models of both acute and late stage
      trypanosomiasis, we conclude that this combination offers special promise in the
      treatment of African trypanosomiasis in man.

PMID- 6439062
TI  - Epidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the oriental plains of Colombia.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies to define the domiciliary and extradomiciliary transmission
      cycles of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in the Oriental Plains of
      Colombia were conducted in the gallery forests near Carimagua and El Porvenir.
      One-hundred and seven palm trees belonging to nine genera were examined;
      triatomines were found in only three palm species, the leaves of which are
      locally used for roof thatching: 2/29 Maximiliana elegans, 1/7 Mauritia flexuosa
      and 7/7 Scheelea sp. Bugs were also found in 5/14 hollow Mauritia inhabited by
      bats, 4/21 bird nests and 1/4 armadillo burrows. Five species of triatomines were
      collected: Rhodnius prolixus was the most abundant, 192 of the total 207 (92%)
      collected; the bugs were found in Maximiliana and Mauritia but especially in
      Scheelea, and 8% were infected with T. cruzi and T. rangeli; Cavenicola pilosa
      and Triatoma maculata were found associated with bats; Psammolestes arthuri and
      Panstrongylus lignarius with bird nests and Panstrongylus geniculatus with
      armadillos. Although triatomine colonies were not found in human dwellings,
      flying adults of R. prolixus occasionally reached houses by their own locomotion
      and fed on man, but did not become established. Only 12 of 199 persons (6%)
      tested serologically were reactors to T. cruzi antigens and all 12 had lived in
      areas of domiciliary transmission elsewhere in the country, indicating that
      domiciliary transmission is not occurring in this region. Whether the presence of
      domiciliary R. prolixus in houses located in the ecologically altered piedmont of
      the oriental plains, a known area of domiciliary transmission of T. cruzi, is due
      to importation of domiciliary bugs from endemic areas or to the domiciliarization
      of wild R. prolixus remains to be determined.

PMID- 6439063
TI  - Schistosoma intercalatum and relapses of Salmonella infection in children.
AB  - Twenty-five African children from Libreville had concomitant typhoid or
      paratyphoid fever (Salmonella typhi, 4 children; Salmonella paratyphi A, 1; S.
      paratyphi B, 5; S. paratyphi C, 15) and Schistosoma intercalatum infection. In 19
      children treated for both infections, no relapse occurred. In the six others,
      antibiotics alone were given and the Salmonella infection relapsed after 1 month.
      No relapse occurred after a second course of antibiotics together with treatment
      for the S. intercalatum infection. This observation suggests that S. intercalatum
      prolongs Salmonella infection, as do other species of schistosomes. The
      concomitant treatment of both infections is recommended.

PMID- 6439064
TI  - Effect of biliary decompression on morbidity and mortality of
      pancreatoduodenectomy.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of levels of serum bilirubin on morbidity and mortality
      after pancreatoduodenectomy, a prospective study was designed to compare patients
      who underwent preoperative biliary decompression to those who did not.
      Preoperative biliary decompression decreased the mean serum bilirubin level from
      15.8 to 5.8 mg/dl in one group of 10 patients (Group A). The only statistical
      differences between this group and the two other groups of patients (Groups B and
      C) who were not treated with preoperative biliary decompression was the level of
      serum bilirubin before pancreatoduodenectomy (5.8, 22, and 1.3 mg/dl in Groups A,
      B, and C, respectively). Only one death occurred in each group of patients. The
      numbers of nonfatal complications were comparable. These results suggest that
      there is no decrease in morbidity or mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy when
      the serum bilirubin level is decreased by preoperative biliary drainage.

PMID- 6439065
TI  - Autotransfusion in trauma. A pragmatic analysis.
AB  - The precise role of autotransfusion in trauma is ill defined. This review was
      undertaken to identify pragmatic factors that limit the utility of
      autotransfusion in trauma. The Cell Saver III autotransfusion devise was prepared
      for use in 85 trauma victims. Only 22 (26 percent) of these patients actually
      received autologous blood. The remaining 63 patients (74 percent) did not utilize
      the autotransfuser because of inadequate blood retrieved (60 percent), extensive
      contamination from colon injury (21 percent), or operating room death before
      reinfusion (19 percent). Those receiving autologous blood had an average 8,600 ml
      blood loss, but only 2,250 ml or 28 percent of the total blood transfused was
      from the autotransfuser. Age, mechanism of injury, and presence of shock were not
      predictors of autotransfusion usefulness. An initial hematocrit value of less
      than 35 percent and more than 2 liters of crystalloid resuscitation in the
      emergency department indicate a potential role for autotransfusion. Inadequate
      blood scavenging remains the principal limiting factor in autotransfusion for
      trauma.

PMID- 6439066
TI  - Prostaglandins as possible mediators in the relaxing effect on the gastric smooth
      muscle by electrical transmural stimulation.

PMID- 6439067
TI  - [Use of lactic-acid bacteria in the prevention and treatment of suppurative
      inflammatory diseases in pregnant women and puerperae].

PMID- 6439068
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation. A method for thoracic surgery.
AB  - High frequency jet ventilation for thoracic surgery offers some practical
      advantages over intermittent pressure ventilation using bronchial tubes.
      Satisfactory blood gases were obtained in 50 patients and good operating
      conditions were provided.

PMID- 6439069
TI  - Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with sickle-cell trait.
AB  - A male patient, aged 7.5 years, with known sickle cell trait, presented for
      correction of Fallot's tetralogy. The successful management under hypothermic
      cardiopulmonary bypass is described and the behaviour of sickle haemoglobin under
      hypothermic conditions is discussed.

PMID- 6439070
TI  - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters
      in venous air embolism].
AB  - In 25 patients undergoing neurosurgical operations in the sitting position we
      investigated the reliability of different continuously monitored haemodynamic and
      respiratory data for hypoxia, which is the most important alteration for the
      prognosis of air embolism. Simply referring to characteristic changes of end
      tidal carbon dioxide (pCO2E) we were able to establish the diagnosis of venous
      air emboli in 12 of these patients. Besides a decrease in pCO2E, only the
      reduction of arterial oxygen concentration was statistically significant. Using a
      simple regression-test, however, no sufficient correlation between the two
      parameters could be found. Including pCO2E and haemodynamic data in our
      statistical comparison, multiple regression revealed an optimal correlation with
      the decrease in arterial pO2. Pathophysiological effects of air embolism are due
      to a transient accumulation of air in the pulmonary arterioles. Continuous
      monitoring of pCO2E is the most direct and therefore most reliable method for
      detection of pulmonary air emboli. Hypoxia, prognostically the most decisive
      alteration, develops parallel to the decrease in pCO2E and, being of
      multifactorial aetiology, is also influenced by haemodynamic effects of air
      embolism.

PMID- 6439071
TI  - Rapid extraction and detection of aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk by high-performance
      liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6439072
TI  - Respiratory effects of intrathecal morphine after upper abdominal surgery.
AB  - The effects of intrathecal (IT) administration of two doses of morphine (Group 1:
      2 mg, n = 9; Group 2: 5 mg, n = 10) were studied in 19 patients after upper
      abdominal surgery. The ventilatory variables and occlusion pressure (P0.1) were
      recorded during room air breathing and during CO2 rebreathing tests prior to
      surgery, 24 h after surgery before IT morphine (n = 12), and 3, 5, 7, 11, and 24
      h after injection. During room air breathing, minute ventilation (VE) did not
      change significantly in Group 1 and decreased significantly 3, 5, 7, and 11 h
      after injection in Group 2. During the rebreathing tests, there was a significant
      shift to the right of the ventilatory response to CO2 in both groups. The peak of
      the ventilatory depression was delayed, occurring 7 h and 11 h postinjection in
      Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Two patients in Group 2 developed clinically
      significant ventilatory depression. The shallow breathing observed after surgery
      was not changed after analgesia. In group 2, 5, mg IT morphine was responsible
      for a significant decrease in f60 (respiratory frequency for a PETCO2 of 60
      mmHg). P0.1 increased markedly after surgery during both room air breathing and
      the rebreathing tests. After IT morphine, compared with the postoperative
      preanalgesic values, P0.1(60) (P0.1 at a PETCO2 of 60 mmHg) did not change in
      Group 1 and decreased significantly in Group 2. It is concluded that IT morphine
      is responsible for a ventilatory depression that is delayed and seems to be dose
      related and that analgesia does not abolish the shallow breathing observed after
      upper abdominal surgery.

PMID- 6439073
TI  - Anesthetic influences on regional hemodynamics in normal and hemorrhaged rats.
AB  - Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in five groups: awake animals and
      those receiving ketamine, halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane anesthesia.
      Cannulae were inserted into the left femoral artery and vein and the left
      ventricle. Inspired concentrations of the volatile anesthetics were adjusted to
      achieve the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of each drug. Ketamine, 125 mg .
      kg-1, was injected intraperitoneally and then infused at a rate of 1 mg . kg-1 .
      min-1. All animals breathed spontaneously throughout the experiment (FIO2 = 0.3).
      Following a 2-h stabilization period, 30% of estimated blood volume was withdrawn
      gradually over 10 min. Immediately before and 20 min after hemorrhage, cardiac
      output and regional blood flows were measured by the microsphere method (85Sr,
      141Ce-labeled 15-microns microspheres, respectively). Arterial blood samples were
      analyzed for PO2, PCO2, pH, lactate, and pyruvate at these times also. Prior to
      hemorrhage, cardiac output (CO) values were similar in awake rats and those
      receiving ketamine or isoflurane, but CO was reduced moderately by enflurane and
      to a greater extent by halothane. After hemorrhage, CO was greatest in awake
      animals and those receiving isoflurane, and awake rats tended to have the
      greatest organ blood flows. Values of lactate/pyruvate and excess lactate were
      least in awake animals. Overall results suggested that, in terms of cardiac
      output and regional blood flows, ketamine approximates the awake state most
      closely in normovolemic animals, whereas isoflurane anesthesia is most like the
      awake condition after hemorrhage.

PMID- 6439074
TI  - Carbon dioxide detection to verify intratracheal placement of a breathing tube.

PMID- 6439075
TI  - Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy in undetermined form of Chagas' disease.
AB  - Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy was carried out in thirty three patients
      with undetermined form of Chagas' disease. Fragments obtained by this method were
      analysed under light microscopy with hematoxilin-eosin, and Masson trichromic
      stains. Thirteen (39.4%) patients showed normal myocardial fragments and twenty
      patients (60.6%) had them altered. Alterations included fiber degeneration,
      volume changes, interstitial edema, inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis. These
      data permit to conclude that only part of patients with this form of Chagas'
      disease have an incipient myocardial attack and that the alterations found in the
      fragments obtained are mild. The remaining patients would be either individuals
      with chagasic infection without cardiac disease or have spontaneous healing. This
      should be considered in the future treatment of the disease.

PMID- 6439076
TI  - Macromolecular absorption of food antigens in health and disease.
AB  - During the neonatal period, the development of the mucosal barrier against
      penetration of bacteria, toxins and antigens is an important protective mechanism
      against a variety of pathologic conditions such as inflammatory and allergic
      reactions. The closure of the gut with regard to the uptake of food antigens in
      macromolecular form is determined by non-immunologic mechanisms as well as by the
      immunologic system of the gut. Animal experiments show that various diseases
      affecting the gut may interfere with intestinal antigen handling. As a result,
      susceptibility to infection and allergic reactions may ensue. Studies performed
      in humans show that selective IgA deficiency, preterm delivery, intestinal
      helminth infection and type of feeding during the neonatal period may influence
      antigen uptake by the intestinal epithelium. These conditions, as well as various
      diseases affecting the gut, may cause increased absorption of intraluminal
      antigens and result in the triggering of allergic type responses.

PMID- 6439077
TI  - Epidemiology, incidence and clinical aspects of food allergy.
AB  - Clinical manifestations of food allergy (FA) include a large variety of symptoms,
      most of which are gastrointestinal. Among the various clinical conditions, cow's
      milk protein allergy (CMPA) usually appears during early infancy; therefore, it
      is predominantly a problem of childhood. As with any type of FA, the diagnosis of
      CMPA rests mostly on clinical observation rather than on laboratory tests. Our
      studies confirm that both skin tests and RAST are valuable tools in the
      diagnosis. In particular, our follow-up study of a group of infants with CMPA
      demonstrates that the majority of RAST-positive subjects do not tolerate cow's
      milk after many years, whereas all RAST-negative infants tolerate cow's milk in
      their second year of life. Accordingly, RAST may be useful either in the
      diagnosis or in the prognosis of CMPA. It is generally agreed that treatment of
      FA should center on avoidance diets. This may not be easy in children with
      multiple allergies. Prophylactic drugs may be very useful. Disodium cromoglycate,
      for instance, seems to be effective in the prevention of IgE-mediated FA. They
      may also be needed when symptoms persist, mostly because of lack of compliance
      with the antigen avoidance diet. Early prophylaxis against FA appears to be best
      achieved by breast-feeding. Exclusive breast-feeding should be encouraged for as
      long as possible when there is a family history of allergy.

PMID- 6439078
TI  - Enzymatic maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and its relevance to food
      allergy and intolerance in infancy.
AB  - The biologic clock that determines the temporal sequence of maturation of
      digestive and absorptive processes in the gastrointestinal tract is genetically
      predetermined, but may be modified by dietary, hormonal, or other factors. In
      general it may be said that the gastrointestinal tract of full-term neonates is
      capable of digesting and absorbing a nutritionally adequate quantity of dietary
      protein but capacity is limited. Very low birth weight preterm infants, who are
      surviving the early neonatal period in increasing numbers, have immaturity of a
      wide range of digestive and membrane-associated absorptive processes; in addition
      macromolecular absorption may be increased. Whether a limited capacity to digest
      food protein results in increased or altered antigenic stimulation of these
      immature infants remains speculative with present knowledge. Immaturity of
      intestinal lactase may lead to problems of lactose intolerance, but there is
      recent evidence that lactase activity may be inducible by milk feeding.

PMID- 6439079
TI  - Clinical significance of enzymatic deficiencies in the gastrointestinal tract
      with particular reference to lactase deficiency.
AB  - The study of deficiencies of small intestinal brush-border hydrolases increased
      our knowledge about the specific functions of hydrolases in the digestion of
      smaller molecules on the microvillus surface of the absorptive cells. The sucrase
      isomaltase (SI) complex has been shown to be synthesized as a precursor (pro
      sucrase-isomaltase) which is then incorporated into the membrane. The hydrophobic
      N-terminal end of the molecule is anchored in the lipid bilayer. In SI deficiency
      the molecular base of the disease is still not clear. Absence of SI activity
      could be due to complete lack of precursor synthesis or to structural changes
      within the N-terminal end of the SI-complex. Deficiencies of peptide hydrolases
      have not been reported with the exception of enteropeptidase (EP). Here a
      congenital deficiency of the enzyme was observed as the primary defect in enzyme
      synthesis within the enterocytes and as a secondary defect due to exocrine
      pancreatic insufficiency. In contrast to the primary EP deficiency, the activity
      of EP can be restored in the cases of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency by
      treatment with pancreatic extracts. Primary lactase deficiency exists in various
      forms. Besides congenital lactase deficiency, the late onset or adult type of
      lactase deficiency has been observed. The latter occurs in many different ethnic
      groups around the world. Here, using gel electrophoresis and
      immunoelectrophoresis, the lack of enzyme activity could be shown to be a primary
      defect in enzyme protein synthesis. In man and in the rat, two different lactases
      have been identified. In contrast to adult lactase, fetal lactase contains sialic
      acid at the end of carbohydrate side chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439080
TI  - Prevention of food allergic disease.

PMID- 6439081
TI  - [Assay of serum apolipoprotein A-II by electro-immunodiffusion on ready-for-use
      plates. Clinical applications].
AB  - Few papers have been devoted to the study of apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II), one
      of the major peptides contained in HDL, probably because of the methodological
      difficulties associated with its assay. The aim of this study is to provide the
      clinical biochemist with a simply easy to use assay technique. We have been able
      to demonstrate the practical value of apo A-II assay in hepatology and in the
      detection of excessive drinkers. On the other hand, our results indicate that apo
      A-II is not a parameter of choice for the detection of coronary atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6439082
TI  - A fiber optic PCO2 sensor.
AB  - The theory, construction and performance of a catheter tip optical PCO2 probe is
      described. The sensor, called the Opticap, is made with plastic fiber optics. One
      fiber carries light to the sensitive tip which is a silicone rubber tube 0.6 mm
      dia. X 1.0 mm long filled with a phenol red-KHCO3 solution. Ambient PCO2 controls
      the pH of the solution which influences the optical transmittance of the phenol
      red. A second fiber carries the transmitted signal to a receiver; the resulting
      electrical signal is linearly related to the PCO2 over the range of 2.7 to 10.7
      kPa. The probe was tested as a tissue PCO2 sensor on the cerebral cortex of the
      cat and as an arterial PCO2 sensor. Drift over one day's use was 0.6 KPa or less
      and individual probes have been used as long as 12 weeks.

PMID- 6439083
TI  - Estimating medullary chemoreceptor blood flow from ventilatory-CO2 response
      transients: theory and data from anesthetized dogs.
AB  - We examined the tracer wash-in technique for measuring blood flow for a specific
      experimental model in which medullary chemoreceptor blood flow is estimated using
      carbon dioxide as the tracer. Using a mathematical model, we calculated the flow
      values that would be estimated when blood flow is a function of the tracer
      concentration, CO2. The estimate was compared with three indices of time-varying
      blood flow: the steady-state blood flow before and after the step change of CO2
      and the time-average blood flow. Estimated blood flow was found to be most
      closely related to the final value of flow. Perfusion estimates from five
      pentobarbital anesthetized dogs were 102 ml/100 g/min (S.D. 35) at an average of
      PaCO2 of 60.7 Torr.

PMID- 6439084
TI  - Physiological and pathophysiological implications of ventricular/vascular
      coupling.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to consider "ideal" ventricular/vascular coupling,
      and how this may be manifest in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The
      paper will also consider how such "ideal" coupling is achieved, and how it might
      be disturbed. The arterial system plays a crucial role in ventricular/vascular
      coupling since it separates the smallest vessels where flow is almost perfectly
      continuous from the ventricle, whose output is intermittent. Ventricular/vascular
      coupling can be assessed from measurements of pressure and flow in the ascending
      aorta (AA) (for left ventricle/systemic circulation), and in the main, pulmonary
      artery (MPA) (for right ventricle/pulmonary circulation). Ideal coupling is
      manifest as low pressure fluctuation in AA and MPA. Low pressure fluctuation
      results in pressure during systole being only slightly greater than pressure
      throughout the whole cardiac cycle, and pressure during diastole being only
      slightly less. This is desirable because pressure during systole determines
      ventricular output (when inotropic state and ventricular filling are constant),
      and ventricular metabolic requirement, while pressure during diastole in AA is a
      major determinant of coronary blood flow. In the frequency domain, "ideal"
      coupling is manifest as a correspondence between minimal values of impedance
      modulus in AA and MPA with maximal values of flow harmonics in AA and MPA,
      respectively. Factors responsible for "ideal" coupling have been identified as
      high distensibility of proximal arteries (with decreasing distensibility in
      peripheral arteries), wave reflection at arterial terminations, and a "match"
      between heart rate on the one hand and arterial length and wave velocity on the
      other. This favourable "match" results in the heart operating for both systemic
      and pulmonary circulations close to a node of pressure and antinode of flow; this
      match is improved under conditions which simulate flight and fight. While
      ventricular/vascular coupling appears to be close to ideal in most large mammals,
      it appears to be less than ideal in adult humans and some small mammals including
      guinea pigs, rats, and mice. The cause for mismatch in small mammals is unclear.
      In humans however, findings are attributable to progressive arterial degeneration
      which is known to commence in childhood and is apparent in the elderly as dilated
      tortuous arteries, high pulse pressure, and high likelihood of developing
      ventricular failure.

PMID- 6439085
TI  - Cost sharing and the use of ambulatory mental health services.

PMID- 6439086
TI  - Influence of cromolyn sodium on airway temperature in normal subjects.
AB  - It is well established that cromolyn sodium attenuates the bronchoconstriction
      induced by airway cooling in both normal and asthmatic subjects. To determine
      whether this protection derives from a modification of the thermal events that
      transpire during the conditioning of inspired air, we first recorded the effect
      of cromolyn on the bronchoconstrictor response to hyperventilation with frigid
      air in 7 normal subjects. On a separate occasion, we imposed the same thermal
      burden and measured the temperature at multiple sites within the airways before
      and after pretreatment with cromolyn. The first cold air challenge produced a
      significant decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 5.5 +/-
      0.9% (SEM) and these changes were significantly reduced by cromolyn (FEV1 = 2.8
      +/- 0.9%; p less than 0.05). In concert with the improvement in mechanics, the
      temperatures (T) within the trachea (tr) and the anterior segment of the right
      lower lobe (AS-RLL) were significantly higher after cromolyn (Ttr = 1.3 +/- 0.2
      degrees C; p less than 0.01; TAS-RLL = 1.0 +/- 0.4 degrees C; p = 0.05), and
      there was a direct positive relationship between the mechanical protection
      offered by the drug and the increase in airway temperature (Spearman's rank
      correlation coefficient = 0.83; p = 0.05). These data suggest that cromolyn
      modifies respiratory heat exchange in such a fashion as to limit airway cooling.
      The mechanism of this action is not presently known but may reflect a direct or
      indirect influence on the bronchial vasculature.

PMID- 6439087
TI  - Effect of cotton bracts extract on canine tracheal epithelium and shunt pathway.
AB  - The effects of increasing concentrations (5 to 100 microliters) of an aqueous
      extract of cotton bracts (CBE) on the electrophysiologic properties and
      paracellular pathway of the canine trachea mounted in Ussing chambers were
      examined. The CBE produced a 50% decrease in short-circuit current and a dose
      dependent decrease in transepithelial potential difference and tissue resistance
      when added to the mucosal bathing solution. The decrease in tissue resistance
      after exposure to 25 and 100 microliters was followed by an increase in mannitol
      flux, suggesting an effect on the paracellular pathway. No significant effect on
      mannitol flux was seen after 5 microliters CBE, when results were compared with
      control tissues from the same dog. The effects of 5 microliters CBE but not
      higher concentrations were reversible. Submucosal CBE had no effect on the
      electrophysiologic properties of the canine trachea or on mannitol flux. We
      conclude that in the canine tracheal epithelium, CBE inhibits active ion
      transport, alters the paracellular pathway, and acts only from the luminal
      surface.

PMID- 6439088
TI  - The usefulness of phage typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.
AB  - Mycobacteriophage typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was used as an
      epidemiologic aid in investigating the transmission of tuberculosis in community,
      industrial, and institutional outbreaks. The technique was also useful in other
      situations, e.g., documenting congenital transmission of infection and
      distinguishing exogenous reinfection from endogenous reactivation. Additional
      studies are indicated to further explore the value of phage typing for tracking
      the transmission of tuberculosis in the community.

PMID- 6439089
TI  - Ventilatory regulation in eucapnic morbid obesity.

PMID- 6439090
TI  - Effect of naloxone on ventilatory control in parents of victims of sudden infant
      death syndrome.
AB  - To determine whether the decreased responses to CO2, hypoxia, and flow resistive
      loads in parents of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims are due to an
      effect of endogenous opioids, we tested response to these stimuli in 10 parents
      (5 couples) of such children after injection of saline placebo and after
      injection of naloxone hydrochloride (3 mg). The responses after saline were
      comparable to those of our previous study, i.e., lower than normal. Ventilatory
      response to CO2 and hypoxia, as well as airway occlusion pressure responses to
      flow resistive loading, were not significantly different after naloxone compared
      with saline. We concluded that increased endogenous opioids do not play a
      significant role in these subjects' reduced ventilatory drive.

PMID- 6439091
TI  - Long-term course of pulmonary arterial pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - Ninety-three patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of
      the bronchitic (n = 74) or emphysematous type (n = 19), who all had arterial
      hypoxemia, underwent 2 right cardiac catheterizations in a clinical steady state,
      with a delay of 5 yr or more between the first and the last catheterization. No
      patients received long-term O2 therapy or pulmonary vasodilator drugs. Patients
      were divided into 2 groups according to the initial level of mean pulmonary
      artery pressure (Pap). Group 1 included 61 patients without initial pulmonary
      arterial hypertension (PAH), Pap being less than 20 mmHg; the average delay
      between the 2 catheterizations was 93.4 +/- 26.8 months. Group 2 included 32
      patients with initial PAH (Pap greater than or equal to 20 mmHg), and the average
      delay was 85.0 +/- 26.0 months. The changes in Pap were small. They ranged from
      15.5 +/- 2.4 to 19.6 +/- 7.0 mmHg in Group 1 (p less than 0.001) and from 25.8 +/
      5.6 to 27.8 +/- 9.5 mmHg in Group 2 (NS). The average increase in Pap was 0.65
      mmHg/yr in Group 1 and 0.39 mmHg/yr in Group 2 (no statistical difference between
      the 2 groups). The other hemodynamic parameters (pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure, right ventricle filling pressure, cardiac output) did not change.
      Hemodynamic "worsening," which was defined by an increase in Pap by greater than
      or equal to 5 mm Hg, was observed in 29% of the patients (n = 27). In these
      patients, there was a marked worsening of hypoxemia, which was not observed in
      the remaining 66 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439092
TI  - [Antibiotic prophylaxis: clinical experience of surgical importance].

PMID- 6439093
TI  - [Specific immunological profile of candidates for hepatitis A].
AB  - Blood samples were taken from 1,279 healthy adults for radioimmunological studies
      before their collective departure to an endemic area and received an
      administration of polyvalent immunoglobin for hepatitis A prophylaxis. On the
      120th day, 1,220 subjects were in good health and their serum was studied again.
      Hepatitis A was observed in 59 cases, confirmed either by the presence of virus
      in the stool or by the demonstration of anti-HAV IgM, when other causes of
      hepatitis had been excluded. The following results were observed in the two
      groups: a) Subjects having HAV antibodies with a titre of about 1:100 in the
      initial blood samples had a reduced risk of hepatitis. Subjects with lower titres
      and, paradoxically, with higher titres, had a significantly higher risk. b)
      Markers of HBV were less commonly present in the initial blood samples of
      subjects who did not develop hepatitis. c) Low titres of HAV antibodies (less
      than 20) were commonly associated with markers of HBV in the initial samples of
      subjects who developed hepatitis. This suggests either a congenital
      susceptibility to infection to both viruses or that prior HBV infection increases
      the risk of HAV infection.

PMID- 6439094
TI  - Sulphur nutrition and metabolism in various species of Neisseria.
AB  - Most Neisseria strains are able to grow with sulphate as a unique source of
      sulphur. Nevertheless, a cysteine requirement was present in a few strains of N.
      meningitidis and in 30% of N. flava strains isolated in our laboratory. All
      strains of N. gonorrhoeae exhibited such a requirement. In every strain tested,
      the need for cysteine (which can be satisfied by thiosulphate) was linked to the
      lack of sulphite-reducing-activity. The implications of these findings for the
      taxonomy and identification of Neisseria are discussed.

PMID- 6439095
TI  - [Distribution of lysotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in relation to the
      country of origin of the patient].
AB  - The diversity among the phage types of 422 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      isolated from patients of different geographical origins suggested that this
      method might prove useful in studying the propagation of tuberculosis in
      different types of populations. We first investigated M. tuberculosis strains
      isolated from France, Portugal, Romania, Algeria, Egypt, Uganda, Mali and India.
      We then studied in detail two groups of immigrants residing in France, from
      Portugal and North Africa, respectively. This investigation showed that most
      patients were suffering from a M. tuberculosis strain with a phage type specific
      of their country of origin. Factor analysis helped to display phage typing
      relationships with respect to the geographical origin of patients.

PMID- 6439096
TI  - Growth and cellulase production of Micromonospora chalcae and Pseudonocardia
      thermophila.
AB  - Beta(1,4)glucosidases and carboxymethylcellulases were demonstrated in both
      strains when using carboxymethylcellulose as a carbon source for growth.
      Beta(1,4)Glucosidases appeared mainly as cell-bound activities, whereas
      carboxymethylcellulases were evenly distributed between the incubation fluids and
      the cellular fractions. In both microorganisms, glucose appeared to repress
      biosynthesis of the enzymes, and cellobiose and carboxymethylcellulose acted as
      inducers of the cellulase complex.

PMID- 6439097
TI  - Structural alterations in the envelope of a gentamicin-resistant rough mutant of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Comparative studies of a gentamicin-sensitive strain (P28-0) of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and a gentamicin-resistant mutant (P23-800) have been carried out. No
      aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes were detected in extracts of the mutant.
      Electron microscopy of thin sections and the loss of O-antigenicity suggested
      that resistance of the mutant to gentamicin was related to an alteration in the
      outer membrane. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components of the cell
      walls revealed significant differences. The LPS from strain P28-0 was typical of
      wild-type P. aeruginosa strains of Habs serotype O6, with quinovosamine and
      aminogalacturonic acid as O-specific aminocomponents. The LPS from the resistant
      mutant lacked the O-specific polymer, but had a core oligosaccharide similar to
      that of the parent strain. Both LPS were rich in phosphorus, part of which was
      present in triphosphate residues. Although the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectra of the LPS differed in some respects, these differences did not seem to
      correlate with the disparity in sensitivity to gentamicin of the two organisms.

PMID- 6439098
TI  - Postoperative ocular infections: an analysis of laboratory data on 750 cases.
AB  - From 1981-1982, 750 clinical specimens from patients who developed postoperative
      infections were processed in the ocular microbiology laboratory. Bacterial
      cultures were positive in 71.0%, fungal in 1.3% and another 1.4% yielded both.
      The remaining 26.3% were sterile. Infections were due chiefly to Gram positive
      organisms (63.6%); only 6.4% were due to Gram negative bacteria while 0.9% were
      due to both. Staphylococcus aureus (52.0%) was the most common isolate, followed
      by S epidermidis (37.2%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
      were the next frequent pathogens. Aspergillus was the most common fungus among
      the fungal isolates. The highest number of infections followed cataract
      extraction and keratoplasty. A vast majority of postoperative infections seem to
      be occurring with hospital acquired strains. Cloxacillin seems to be the most
      effective remedy for treating staphylococcal infections and polymyxin B for
      infections due to Pseudomonas. Chloramphenicol appears to be as effective as
      gentamicin for treating all infections.

PMID- 6439099
TI  - [New Haemoproteidae parasites of Chiroptera in Thailand].
AB  - Hipposideros larvatus of Thailand are parasitized by two new Haemosporidia : a)
      Nycteria brucechwatti n. sp. can be differentiated from all other Nycteria
      species by the schizonts which are the largest in the genus and by the absence of
      accessory chromatin dots in the gametocytes; Biguetiella minuta n. g. n. sp. has
      very small intra-hepatocytic schizonts (less than 15 micron) and gametocytes of
      the "falciparum" type. These two species are considered as vicariant forms of
      parasites of Miniopterus, namely Polychromophilus and Bioccala. The subgenus
      Bioccala is raised to genus status and problems related to the study of
      polyparasitic infections of the same host are discussed.

PMID- 6439100
TI  - Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism by aspirin, warfarin and heparin in
      patients with hip fracture. A prospective clinical study with cost-benefit
      analysis.
AB  - Seven hundred and thirty-four patients were included in a prospective study for
      incidence of clinical venous thromboembolism under prophylaxis with either
      heparin, aspirin or warfarin and for the expenditure of hospital resources.
      Thromboembolic complications were more frequent (P less than 0.02) and hospital
      costs clearly higher in the low-dose heparin treated patient group compared with
      the aspirin and warfarin groups. There were no distinct differences between
      aspirin and warfarin treated patients neither in results nor in costs. However,
      carefully monitored treatment with warfarin with Thrombotest always less than
      0.20, appeared to be the most effective prophylaxis in patients with hip
      fractures. In conclusion we now use aspirin as general prophylaxis in orthopaedic
      patients, and warfarin in patients with established risk of thromboembolic
      complications.

PMID- 6439101
TI  - Small bowel and liver tissue pO2 and pCO2 during hypovolaemic shock and
      intravenous vasopressin infusion.
AB  - Ten piglets were bled to a mean BP of 60 mm Hg, after which vasopressin was
      infused for 30 minutes (2.75 mU/kg/min.). Twenty minutes after completion of the
      vasopressin infusion, the shed blood was retransfused. Small bowel and liver
      tissue pO2 and pCO2 were continuously monitored. Systemic arterial and portal
      blood gas analyses and plasma lactate were studied every 30 minutes. Tissue pO2
      in both the small bowel and the liver decreased significantly during hypovolaemic
      shock; a further non-significant decline was noted during vasopressin infusion.
      Small bowel pCO2 increased, but liver pCO2 remained unchanged. Plasma lactate
      increased significantly during hypovolaemia, and vasopressin caused a further
      increase to a level three times the rest period level. These findings indicate
      that vasopressin infused during hypovolaemia may increase the risk of hypoxic
      intestinal lesions and impair liver function.

PMID- 6439102
TI  - Simplified analytical methods for the measurement of the synthesis rate of plasma
      proteins in vivo by the [14C]carbonate method.
AB  - We describe a method for obtaining the specific activity of 14C in urea,
      essential in the measurement of the synthesis rate of a plasma protein in vivo,
      which is simpler than the original procedure. The principle is the measurement of
      14CO2 and NH4+ separately, after incubation with urease. A simple alteration
      gives samples of 13CO2 for mass spectrometry. The 'recoveries' of 14C and 13C in
      urea were invariably between 90 and 96% and the CV was 3%.

PMID- 6439103
TI  - [Bacteriocins of species of the genus Pseudomonas].
AB  - Occurrence of bacteriocinogeneity in 120 strains of 24 species of Pseudomonas was
      studied. Active strains producing bacteriocine-like substances were detected
      among P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. taetrolens, P. fragi, P. stutzeri, P.
      mendocina, P. maltophilia, and P. pseudoalcaligenes. The bacteriocine-like
      substances produced by them differed by the morphology of the zones of the test
      microbe growth inhibition, sensitivity to temperature and enzymes, capacity for
      dialysis through cellophane membranes and antimicrobial spectrum. The majority of
      them could be synthesized on agarized and liquid media and induced by UV light
      and mitomycin C. The strains of P. taetrolens, P. fragi, P. putida and P.
      fluorescens producing the bacteriocine-like substances had broad antimicrobial
      spectrum and inhibited the growth of many species of Pseudomonas and
      representatives of other taxonomic groups of microorganisms.

PMID- 6439104
TI  - [Interdependence of mycelial dehydrogenase activity in Streptomyces aureofaciens
      and its capacity for tetracycline biosynthesis].
AB  - The maximum dehydrogenase (oxidation-reduction) activity of the vegetative
      inoculum of S. aureofaciens is the criterion of its availability for transfer to
      the fermentation medium. The activity is determined by the rate of the methylen
      blue reduction and the growth characteristics of the seed culture. A method for
      estimation of the mycelium amount in the medium containing insoluble solid
      particles is described. The method is based on the capacity of the tetracycline
      producing organism for decoloration of methylen blue.

PMID- 6439105
TI  - [Effect of aeration conditions on carbon dioxide mass transfer in antibiotic
      biosynthetic processes].
AB  - The effect of the aeration conditions on the mass exchange according to carbon
      dioxide in biosynthesis of various antibiotics was studied. On the basis of the
      results an equation for its estimation was developed. It was also shown that the
      effect of the aeration conditions on the intensity of the mass exchange according
      to carbon dioxide was much higher than that of the mass exchange according to
      oxygen.

PMID- 6439106
TI  - [Optical density changes in bacterial protoplast suspensions exposed to membrane
      active antibiotics].
AB  - The effect of membrane active antibiotics, such as gramicidin S, its derivatives
      and carbonyl-conjugated pentaens on suspended bacterial protoplasts resulted in
      lysis of the protoplasts accompanied by a marked decrease in the optical density
      (OD) of the suspensions. However, when the drug concentrations were lower than
      those inducing the lysis, an increase in the suspension OD by 10-30 per cent as
      compared to the control values of the OD was often observed. The increase in the
      protoplast suspension OD was most pronounced with the use of the drugs with a
      relatively low lytic activity or under the conditions lowering the lytic activity
      of the antibiotics. Under such conditions no agglutination of the protoplasts was
      observed. The comparative estimation of the protoplast diameters by the method of
      Klenin et al. in the control suspensions of M. lysodeikticus protoplasts and in
      the suspensions with a stable increase in the OD showed that the OD increase was
      associated with swelling of the protoplasts: an increase in the suspension OD by
      approximately 30 per cent corresponded to an increase in the protoplast diameter
      by approximately 15 per cent. The observed increasing of the suspension OD must
      be due to the fact that the membrane active antibiotics induced a decrease in the
      osmotic stability of the protoplasts not sufficient for their lysis.

PMID- 6439107
TI  - [Nutrient medium for determining the biological activity of heliomycin].
AB  - It was shown that a nutrient medium containing only salt components except agar
      agar could be used for assay of the biological activity of heliomycin. The
      optimal results were observed on the medium containing ammonium chloride, urea,
      disubstituted sodium phosphate, glucose and agar-agar. The medium provided
      satisfactory growth of Bac. subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test culture and formation
      of clear inhibition growth zones of the sufficient size. The medium is standard
      and its use allows obtaining reproducible results in assay of the heliomycin
      biological activity.

PMID- 6439108
TI  - [Doxycycline in experimental rickettsial infection].
AB  - The effect of doxycycline on R. prowazekii and R. sibirica was studied in
      comparison with that of tetracycline on two infection models, i. e. chick embryos
      and guinea pigs. The activity of doxycycline in the experiments with chick
      embryos was higher than that of tetracycline, the drug being more active against
      R. prowazekii than R. sibirica. The use of doxycycline in the treatment of the
      guinea pigs infected with R. prowazekii resulted in very rapid and stable
      decrease of the temperature. When used within the incubation period the drug
      prevented the infection development. Doxycycline was less effective in infections
      caused by R. sibirica.

PMID- 6439109
TI  - [Use of prodigiozan for increasing the effectiveness of the antibiotic therapy of
      dysentery in children].

PMID- 6439110
TI  - [Use of adsorbents for optimizing the process of isolating nisin from the culture
      broth].
AB  - The results of the study on optimization of the process of nisin isolation from
      the cultural liquid are presented. Different adsorbents, streptococcal cells,
      medium solid particles (biomass fermentalysates) and silica gel, were used for
      antibiotic adsorption.

PMID- 6439111
TI  - Rapid high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for analysis of
      phenoxymethylpenicillin in human serum.
AB  - A selective high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      phenoxymethylpenicillin in human serum is described. The technique is based on
      the single extraction of the drug from acidified serum with diethyl ether.
      Chloramphenicol is used as internal standard. The chromatographic system consists
      of a reversed-phase C-18 column; the mobile phase is acetonitrile-0.01 M
      potassium acetate buffer (20:80 [vol/vol]; pH 6.5). The method can accurately
      measure serum penicillin concentrations down to 30 micrograms/liter with 500
      microliter of sample. The coefficient of variation for intraassay variability of
      penicillin is between 1.5 and 4.9% in the range of 0.125 to 16.00 mg/liter. The
      extraction efficiency is 78.5 +/- 6.8% (+/- standard deviation; n = 9), and the
      calibration graph is linear in the concentration range studied. Pharmacokinetic
      data, obtained with the present method from seven healthy volunteers, are
      presented.

PMID- 6439112
TI  - Quantitative extraction of amphotericin B from serum and its determination by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - Therapeutic concentrations of amphotericin B in serum were measured by reversed
      phase liquid chromatography with detection at 386 nm. Complete recovery of the
      drug and the internal standard from a 1-ml serum sample was achieved by
      pretreating the sample with guanidine hydrochloride and extracting it with a
      disposable reversed-phase phenyl extraction column. The method was sensitive to
      0.005 micrograms of amphotericin B per ml and linear to at least 5 micrograms/ml.
      Coefficients of variation were 4.8% within-run and 6.3% between-run.

PMID- 6439113
TI  - Purification and characterization of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin
      lactacin B.
AB  - Parameters for production and purification of a bacteriocin produced by
      Lactobacillus acidophilus N2 are described. Production of lactacin B was pH
      dependent, with maximum activity detected in broth cultures maintained at pH 6.
      Lactacin B was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and
      successive gel filtrations in the presence of 8 M urea and then 0.1% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of lactacin B was ca. 6,000 to 6,500, and
      the purified compound showed maximum absorbance at 211 nm. The activity of
      purified lactacin B was bactericidal to sensitive cells and restricted to members
      of the family Lactobacilliaceae, L. leichmannii, L. bulgaricus, L. helveticus,
      and L. lactis. Characteristics identified for lactacin B indicated that it was a
      peptide and confirmed its identity as a bacteriocin.

PMID- 6439114
TI  - Bactericidal activity of ceftazidime in serum compared with that of ticarcillin
      combined with amikacin.
AB  - We compared the bactericidal activity of serum attained 1 and 6 h after the
      termination of infusions of either ceftazidime (2 g) or ticarcillin plus amikacin
      (5 g and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively) in 6 volunteers against a panel of the most
      common pathogens found in the blood of febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients.
      Ceftazidime consistently produced significantly higher serum bactericidal titers
      at both 1 and 6 h against all species of gram-negative bacilli. Its performance
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was especially impressive. The geometric mean
      titer against this organism was 1:41 at 1 h, contrasted with 1:12 for ticarcillin
      plus amikacin (P = 0.025). However, for Staphylococcus aureus, the geometric mean
      serum bactericidal titer of ceftazidime was 1:3.6 at 1 h and undetectable at 6 h.
      Ceftazidime shows promise as single-agent therapy for serious gram-negative
      bacillary infections. Whether this promise is fulfilled and whether the observed
      antistaphylococcal activity is adequate for empiric therapy in infected
      granulocytopenic patients need further investigation.

PMID- 6439115
TI  - Activity of apalcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The in vitro activity of apalcillin was tested against 107 clinical isolates of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the results were compared to those for piperacillin,
      mezlocillin, azlocillin, and carbenicillin. MIC analysis showed that 97% of the
      isolates were susceptible to piperacillin, 97% were susceptible to apalcillin,
      93% were susceptible to azlocillin, 87% were susceptible to mezlocillin, and 84%
      were susceptible to carbenicillin.

PMID- 6439116
TI  - Comparative in vitro activities of enoxacin (CI-919, AT-2266) and eleven
      antipseudomonal agents against aminoglycoside-susceptible and -resistant
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
AB  - The in vitro activity of enoxacin (CI 919, AT 2266), a new oral quinolone
      carboxylic acid compound, was compared with those of gentamicin, tobramycin,
      amikacin, azlocillin, piperacillin, aztreonam, moxalactam, imipenem, cefsulodin,
      ceftazidime, and cefoperazone against 101 aminoglycoside-susceptible and 105
      aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Among these 206 P.
      aeruginosa isolates were 25 strains with known mechanisms of resistance to
      amikacin. The activity of enoxacin was similar to that of tobramycin against
      aminoglycoside-susceptible strains, with MICs of 1.0 to 2.0 micrograms/ml and 0.5
      to 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively, for 90% of the strains. Enoxacin was the most
      active agent in this in vitro study against aminoglycoside-resistant P.
      aeruginosa strains, with MICs of 2.0 to 4.0 micrograms/ml for 90% of the strains.
      Strains with enzymatic resistance to amikacin were more resistant to beta-lactams
      (except enoxacin and imipenem) than were strains with decreased permeability.

PMID- 6439117
TI  - Vascularization of brain and spinal cord by intact omentum.

PMID- 6439118
TI  - Isolation of a bioemulsifier from Candida lipolytica.
AB  - The yeast Candida lipolytica produced an inducible extracellular emulsification
      activity when it was grown with a number of water-immiscible carbon substrates.
      Negligible emulsification activity was produced by this yeast when it was grown
      with glucose as the carbon substrate. In hexadecane-supplemented cultures,
      emulsification activity was first detected after 36 h of growth, with maximum
      production after 130 h. A water-soluble emulsification activity was partially
      purified by repeated solvent extractions of the culture filtrate. This
      emulsifier, which we named liposan, was primarily composed of carbohydrate.
      Maximum emulsification activity was obtained when the ratio of hexadecane to
      liposan was 50:1. Maximum emulsification activity was obtained from pH 2 to 5.
      Liposan was heat stable to temperatures up to 70 degrees C, with a 60% loss in
      activity after heating for 1 h at 100 degrees C. Liposan effected stable oil-in
      water emulsions with a variety of hydrocarbons.

PMID- 6439119
TI  - Modified agar medium for detecting environmental salmonellae by the most-probable
      number method.
AB  - Salmonellae in the environment remain a potential source of disease. Low numbers
      of salmonellae have been detected and enumerated from environmental samples by
      most-probable-number methods which require careful colony selection from a plated
      agar medium. A modified xylose lysine brilliant green medium was prepared to
      control the loss of selectivity caused by heating the brilliant green component.
      Added agar reduced colony spreading. The medium contained 47 g of xylose lysine
      agar base per liter; the agar content was adjusted to 2%, autoclaved, cooled to
      50 degrees C, and then amended just before pouring to include H2S indicator and 7
      ppm (7 ml of 1:1,000 brilliant green per liter) of unheated brilliant green dye.
      H2S-positive salmonellae were easily detected from sewage sludge compost to the
      exclusion of most other gram-negative bacteria. As a result, fewer non
      salmonellae were picked for further most-probable-number analysis, greatly
      reducing the work load associated with the most-probable-number method. Direct
      plating was possible for enumerating salmonellae in laboratory composts
      containing ca. 10(3) or more salmonellae.

PMID- 6439120
TI  - [Evaluation of tegafur encapsulated with slow-releasing granules (SF-SP) for
      patients with cancer of the digestive organs].
AB  - A new anticancer therapy using tegafur encapsulated in slow-releasing granules
      (SF-SP) was orally administered at a dose of 1000 mg/day to 38 patients with
      cancer of the digestive organs. Twenty-eight of these patients were evaluable for
      response using the criteria of Saito and Koyama's clinical evaluation. Six of 28
      patients showed effective response (21.4%). An effective response was observed in
      of 15 patients with gastric cancer (26.7%). Side-effects from this therapy were
      encountered in 14 patients (36.8%). An effective response was therefore
      demonstrated in patients with cancer of the digestive organs.

PMID- 6439121
TI  - [Intracarotid arterial infusion with CDDP in combination with angiotensin II].
AB  - Intracarotid CDDP infusion in combination with angiotensin II was performed in
      two patients with metastatic brain tumor, lung carcinoma (LC) and ovarian
      carcinoma (OC). The patient with OC received 40 mg/m2 CDDP while the other
      patient with LC was administered intra-arterially with 50 mg/m2 CDDP, 30 mg/m2
      ADM and 2.5 mg/m2 MMC. 50% or greater reduction in the size of metastatic lesions
      was observed in both patients in whom no neurological toxicities developed. Intra
      arterial infusion of CDDP either alone or in combination with ADM or MMC seems to
      present an aggressive approach in dealing with other metastatic neoplasms without
      increasing toxicity, especially if intra-arterial angiotensin II is infused
      concomitantly.

PMID- 6439122
TI  - [Biological activities of a new antitumor antibiotics].
AB  - The antitumor antibiotic sporamycin is composed of polypeptide and non
      chromophore subunits and shows remarkable antitumor activity against various
      animal tumors. The mechanism of action of this compound involves host-mediated
      antitumor activity as well as direct cytotoxic activity due to the inhibition of
      nucleic acid synthesis. Pretreatment of mice with sporamycin produced not only a
      remarkable inhibition of tumor growth but also strengthened the resistance of the
      host to infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The immunological activity
      described above was also observed using the isolated polypeptide moiety of
      sporamycin. The antitumor antibiotic stubomycin possesses a marked cytotoxic
      activity against mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Stubomycin showed
      inhibitory activity against DNA, RNA and protein synthesis to almost the same
      degree. It was also shown that these activities were significantly reduced by
      lipids such as phosphatidylserine, olive oil and cardiolipin. On the other hand,
      stubomycin did not show any mutagenic effects in mammalian cells or bacteria. It
      seems that the primary action of stubomycin is due to change and ultimate lysis
      of the cell surface. It was observed that a new antibiotic, kazusamycin,
      possessed very strong cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells in vitro.
      However this compound exhibited no antibacterial activity against gram-positive
      and gram-negative bacteria. We are presently investigating the biological
      activities of a monoclonal antibody combined with kazusamycin.

PMID- 6439123
TI  - [Experimental hyperthermo-chemotherapy for human gastric carcinoma transplanted
      in the nude mice].
AB  - Human gastric carcinomas serially xenotransplanted into BALB/c nu/nu mice were
      treated by hyperthermo-chemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC). The antitumor
      efficacy was assessed by both single and double treatments of 25-minute
      hyperthermia (43.5 degrees C) and/or 2.0 mg/kg of MMC (ip). Tumor weight was
      estimated using Battelle's Columbus Laboratories protocol. To assess DNA
      biosynthesis in the tumor cells, the xenotransplanted tumors were excised at
      prescribed times after these treatments 60 minutes after 3H-thymidine injection
      (ip), and were examined microscopically. In the group treated twice by
      hyperthermo-chemotherapy marked growth inhibition and microscopic damage of the
      tumors were observed, while such features were not recorded in groups treated
      twice by hyperthermia only and chemotherapy only, nor in groups given single
      hyperthermo-chemotherapy, or hyperhermia and chemotherapy. In the single-treated
      groups, DNA biosynthesis was remarkably inhibited by hyperthermo-chemotherapy
      over 24 hours. The present results suggest that repeated treatments of
      hyperthermo-chemotherapy with MMC may be effective in the treatment of human
      gastrointestinal cancer.

PMID- 6439124
TI  - Neurofibromatosis and hypertelorism.
AB  - Hypertelorism was observed in eight of 34 patients with neurofibromatosis. This
      diagnosis was made by measuring the intercanthal distance and calculating the
      interpupillary distance from it. The bones of the base of the skull and of the
      face are mesenchymal structures of neural crest origin. Skull dysplasias, in
      which hypertelorism can be included, fit well into the neurocristopathy concept
      of neurofibromatosis. Hypertelorism seems to herald a severe expression of
      neurofibromatosis, eg, with brain involvement, and would therefore be an
      indication for doing a computed tomographic scan. The high prevalence of
      hypertelorism in our group of patients (24%) makes its direct association with
      neurofibromatosis highly feasible. Its ease of clinical recognition and its
      presence at birth would make it a valuable early diagnostic criterion.

PMID- 6439125
TI  - [Alcoholic myocardiopathy. Biochemical and ultrastructural study].

PMID- 6439126
TI  - Management of haemophilia.

PMID- 6439127
TI  - Neonatal fat embolism and agglutination of intralipid.
AB  - Pulmonary fat embolism in a preterm infant receiving Intralipid intravenously is
      described. Serum obtained at the time of clinical deterioration agglutinated
      Intralipid. This coincided with the onset of septicaemia and with a raised serum
      C reactive protein concentration. Subsequent clinical improvement was associated
      with reduction in the C reactive protein concentration and nonagglutination of
      Intralipid.

PMID- 6439128
TI  - Parenteral nutrition compared with transpyloric feeding.

PMID- 6439129
TI  - Behavior of lead and zinc in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine and ALAD in
      erythrocytes following intravenous infusion of CaEDTA in lead workers.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (CaEDTA)
      on concentrations of lead and zinc in plasma, erythrocytes, whole blood, and
      urine, we administered CaEDTA by intravenous infusion for 1 hr to seven lead
      workers with blood lead concentrations of 46-67 micrograms/100 g (mean 54
      micrograms/100 g). The plasma lead concentration (PPb) and the mobilization yield
      of lead in urine by CaEDTA were highest during the period between 1 and 2 hr
      after the infusion was started. In contrast, the lead concentration in
      erythrocytes (EPb) and in whole blood (BPb) remained unchanged during the 24 hr
      following infusion. Plasma zinc concentration (PZn) also fell rapidly following
      CaEDTA infusion; the decline was followed by a gradual rise in the zinc
      concentration in erythrocytes (EZn) without alteration in the zinc in whole
      blood. The mobilization yield of zinc in urine by CaEDTA (MZn) reached its
      highest level within 1 hr after the start of the infusion. Delta-aminolevulinic
      acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in erythrocytes gradually increased for 5 hr
      following CaEDTA infusion. These observations suggest that (1) PPb concentration
      is a more sensitive indicator of the body burden of chelatable lead than is
      either BPb or EPb; (2) MZn is mobilized mostly from plasma during the first
      several hours following the start of CaEDTA infusion, and the fall in PZn
      concentration following infusion is compensated first by a rise in EZn
      concentration and then by an immediate redistribution of zinc in other organs to
      the blood; and (3) Pb-inhibited ALAD activity is reactivated by the increased EZn
      during and shortly after CaEDTA infusion.

PMID- 6439130
TI  - Postnatal transfer of PCBs from exposed mothers to their babies: influence of
      breast-feeding.
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the blood of mothers who were
      occupationally exposed to PCBs in a capacitor manufacturing facility, and their
      children, were analyzed from 1975 to 1979. The factory terminated PCB use in
      1972, and environmental PCBs were eliminated artificially. Despite this, blood
      PCB levels of the mothers were very high, i.e., 10-100 times higher than that of
      non-occupationally exposed persons. In a previous report, we discussed the
      relationship between breast-feeding and PCB levels in the blood. This
      relationship is confirmed further by the present investigation which continued
      during a 5-yr period. The PCB levels in blood of children were influenced greatly
      by the duration of breast-feeding, but showed little relationship to the PCB
      levels in maternal blood. The PCB exposure period of the mothers, time of birth,
      and age of the children were less clearly related to the PCB levels in the
      children. The PCB concentration in the children's blood decreased at a constant
      rate and was independent of their blood PCB levels. A similar result was noted
      for their mothers' PCB levels. A slight difference, however, was found in the
      rate of decrease of blood PCB levels between the mothers and children. The
      results of questionnaire research on the health conditions and the medical
      examinations for the children showed that frequency of complaints, e.g., red eye,
      fever, itchy skin, and carious teeth, related favorably to the duration of breast
      feeding. Less severe findings, i.e., decay of nails, pigmentation, mottled
      enamel, carious teeth, which were typical symptoms in yusho patients, were
      observed in some children. They were not, however, diagnosed as having PCB
      poisoning inasmuch as medical treatments were unnecessary.

PMID- 6439131
TI  - The lack of discriminant seminal and endocrine variables in the partners of
      fertile and infertile women.
AB  - Seminal and endocrinological investigations were done on 50 fertile men whose
      wives became pregnant spontaneously (Group I), on 100 men from our fertility
      clinic whose wives conceived after treatment of the couple (Group II) and in 100
      infertile men whose wives failed to become pregnant even after 5-year treatment
      of the couple (Group III). Patients with azoospermia were excluded. While there
      were no significant differences in the mean sperm density and total sperm count
      of the men from all three groups, mean sperm motility and sperm morphology were
      significantly better (p less than 0.001) in both Group I and Group II men than in
      the infertile Group III men. The mean serum LH and FSH concentrations were
      significantly lower in Group I than in the two other groups. However, there were
      no differences between Groups II and III. The mean serum concentrations of
      prolactin, testosterone, and estradiol were similar in all three groups. Based on
      semen and hormone data, stepwise multiple discriminant analysis could allocate
      80% of the Group I men correctly, whereas only 50% of Groups II and III could be
      correctly classified. Although overall differences in sperm motility and
      morphology as well as in serum gonadotrophin concentrations were noted, no
      specific seminal or hormonal variable could be identified as being of value in
      predicting the fertility of an individual man.

PMID- 6439132
TI  - A protein energy malnutrition scale (PEMS).
AB  - Most assessments of protein energy malnutrition have relied on clinical
      impressions, laboratory tests, or anthropometric measurements. There has been a
      split in the field between those who favor clinical versus laboratory approaches,
      and each alone misclassifies about 20% of the patients. A 23-item scale is
      described that provides four subscores derived from anthropometric measurements,
      clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, as well as a total
      score. Items rated on logarithmic scales relate to degree of deviation from
      standards. Reliability was tested by having two physicians rate the same 25
      patients and items with better than r = 0.66 retained. Validating information
      came from the finding that the scale discriminated before surgery (p less than
      0.001) between patients who did and did not develop postoperative complications.
      Use of the scale appears to be a good approach for assessing degree of
      malnutrition as well as for monitoring changes that occur over time.

PMID- 6439133
TI  - Heart-lung transplantation.

PMID- 6439134
TI  - Heart-lung transplantation for irreversible pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Combined heart and lung transplantation was carried out in 17 patients at
      Stanford University between March, 1981, and December, 1983. The recipients were
      between 22 and 45 years old. All patients had end-stage pulmonary hypertension;
      10 had Eisenmenger's syndrome and the remaining 7, primary pulmonary
      hypertension. Five patients died within the first few postoperative weeks. The
      remainder are well between four weeks and 33 months from operation. The
      immunosuppressive protocol has consisted of cyclosporine with an initial course
      of rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Azathioprine also was given for the first two
      weeks and then was replaced with prednisone. Rejection, as diagnosed by cardiac
      biopsy, was treated with high doses of methylprednisolone. Modifications of
      technique that have developed include the removal of the recipient heart and
      lungs separately, and preservation of the lungs with a modified Collins' solution
      instead of a cardioplegic solution. Rejection occurred in 6 of the 12 survivors.
      Infections developed in 9 patients, but only one resulted in a fatal outcome
      (Legionella). Thus, the results of clinical heart-lung transplantation have been
      considerably superior to clinical efforts in lung transplantation. It is
      suggested that the combined operation is preferable for the following reasons:
      (1) all diseased tissue is removed, thus eliminating recurrent infection and
      ventilation/perfusion disparity; (2) transplantation of the entire heart-lung
      block preserves coronary-bronchial vascular anastomoses and makes airway
      dehiscence less likely; and (3) to date, diagnosis of rejection by cardiac biopsy
      has appeared to be a satisfactory method of diagnosing and treating pulmonary
      rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439135
TI  - Factors and their influence on regional cerebral blood flow during nonpulsatile
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - In this study we examined the relationship of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF)
      to mean arterial pressure, systemic blood flow, partial pressure of arterial
      carbon dioxide (PaCO2), nasopharyngeal temperature, and hemoglobin during
      hypothermic nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Regional CBF was
      determined by clearance of xenon 133 in 67 patients undergoing coronary bypass
      grafting procedures. There was a significant decrease in regional CBF (55%
      decrease) during CPB, with nasopharyngeal temperature and PaCO2 being the only
      two significant factors (p less than 0.05). In a subgroup of 10 patients,
      variation of pump flow between 1.0 and 2.0 L/min/m2 did not significantly affect
      regional CBF. We conclude that cerebral autoregulation is retained during
      hypothermic CPB. Under the usual conditions of CPB, variations in flow and
      pressure are not associated with important physiological or detrimental clinical
      affects.

PMID- 6439136
TI  - Clinical impact of intravenous hyperalimentation on esophageal carcinoma: is it
      worthwhile?
AB  - The coexistence of malignancy and dysphagia makes nutritional deprivation
      especially serious in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. Intravenous
      hyperalimentation (IVH) is often given and should be of particular value in these
      patients. Sixty-four patients with carcinoma of the esophagus seen between
      January, 1975, and February, 1982, were studied retrospectively during their
      first hospitalization for the disease. Thirty-seven patients received IVH, and 27
      did not. There were no significant differences at the time of admission to the
      hospital between the two groups with respect to age, sex, pathological status,
      and location of the carcinoma. Also, there was no difference in the incidence of
      hypoalbuminemia (less than 3 gm/dl) or lymphocytopenia (less than 1,500/mm3).
      More patients in the IVH group underwent surgical resection of the esophagus.
      Surgical intervention did not significantly influence hospital mortality. The IVH
      therapy reduced weight loss (p less than 0.05), but was associated with an
      increased incidence of pulmonary sepsis (p less than 0.05) and longer hospital
      stay. The incidence of hypoalbuminemia and lymphocytopenia increased between
      admission and the end of hospitalization, but it did not significantly differ
      between the groups. Thus, one cannot assume the effectiveness of IVH in this
      clinical setting, as its value was not demonstrated in this retrospective series.
      A prospective randomized study is warranted in view of the high cost and the
      doubtful clinical impact of an IVH regimen in patients with carcinoma of the
      esophagus.

PMID- 6439137
TI  - Effect of hyperprolactinemia and age on the hypogonadism of uremic men on
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Primary hypogonadism has been commonly reported among uremic men on hemodialysis,
      characterized by low testosterone levels, increased luteinizing hormone and
      sometimes follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Little is known about the
      influence of hyperprolactinemia and age on this hypogonadism. In 149 hemodialysis
      patients and in 60 healthy subjects the serum levels of testosterone (T),
      gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were assessed through
      radioimmunoassay. Mean +/- SD hormone levels were: T 274 +/- 125 ng/100 ml, lower
      than controls; LH 44.7 +/- 46.1 mlU/ml and FSH 17.6 +/- 18.4 mIU/ml, both higher
      than controls. PRL 31.3 +/- 49.4 ng/ml, higher than controls. A positive
      correlation between LH and FSH, a negative correlation between PRL and both T and
      LH was found. Moreover T and FSH were correlated with age only in the
      normoprolactinemic patients. These data suggest: a common damaging mechanism by
      uremia on both interstitial and tubular structures of the testis; a central
      antigonadal influence of hyperprolactinemia even if a direct action on the testis
      cannot be excluded; a worsening action of age on the gonadal function of these
      patients.

PMID- 6439138
TI  - The anxiogenic action of FG 7142 in the social interaction test is reversed by
      chlordiazepoxide and Ro 15-1788 but not by CGS 8216.
AB  - The effects of FG 7142 were examined in the social interaction test, alone and in
      combination with chlordiazepoxide, Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216. The anxiogenic action
      of FG 7142 (5 mg/kg) was reversed by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) and by Ro 15-1788
      (10 mg/kg), but not by CGS 8216 (10 mg/kg). The profile of FG 7142 in this test
      and the pattern of its interactions with other compounds is similar to that of
      beta-CCE, but can be distinguished from that of Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216. It is
      concluded that FG 7142, Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 may act via different sites to
      produce their anxiogenic effects.

PMID- 6439139
TI  - Growth and sexual development before and after sex steroid therapy in patients
      with thalassemia major.
AB  - Growth, sexual development, and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function were
      evaluated in 23 patients with thalassemia major (14 female and nine male) aged 13
      to 29 years. Five women (group 1) with hemoglobin levels of less than 7 g/dL,
      which were maintained by transfusions during childhood, did not spontaneously
      enter puberty. They had evidence of severe hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.
      Maintaining hemoglobin levels of about 8 g/dL resulted in spontaneous onset of
      puberty in seven of nine female patients (group 2), but had no such ameliorative
      effect on the nine male patients. In the latter, peak luteinizing hormone (LH)
      responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone correlated with bone age. Treatment
      with testosterone produced inconsistent partial inhibition of LH and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) responses to stimulation. After discontinuation of
      testosterone treatment, a rebound of basal testosterone, LH, and FSH levels was
      observed, but this was not sustained. These findings are compatible either with
      dysfunction of hypothalamic maturation or with partial pituitary dysfunction.
      Four of the group 1 females and six of the males treated with appropriate sex
      hormones showed satisfactory pubertal progression. Acceleration in linear growth
      was observed in four of the male patients whose epiphyses were still open.
      Treatment was well tolerated in all patients.

PMID- 6439140
TI  - ECG in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6439141
TI  - Failure of chelation therapy in lead nephropathy.
AB  - A patient with lead nephropathy and gout was treated with three months of edetic
      acid chelation. The therapy resulted in normalization of a previously abnormal
      result of edetic acid lead mobilization test. Nevertheless, progressive renal
      insufficiency occurred. At autopsy, an increased bone lead content was
      documented, suggesting that the edetic acid lead mobilization test may
      underestimate total body lead stores and that chelation therapy may not be
      effective in reversing advanced lead nephropathy. Alternatively, a longer period
      of therapy may be necessary to remove lead stores. More studies are needed to
      determine the relationship between the results of the edetic acid test and bone
      lead stores. Methods other than the edetic acid lead mobilization test should be
      considered to monitor the adequacy of treatment in lead nephropathy.

PMID- 6439142
TI  - Experimental study on tendon transplantation using allograft.

PMID- 6439143
TI  - [Comparative study of enteral diets, Ensure and Elental in postoperative
      nutrition of patients who received esophago-gastric surgery].

PMID- 6439144
TI  - [So-called rudimentary or nontransmural myocardial infarction. Coronary lesions,
      course and prognosis].
AB  - Eighty patients admitted to hospital between 1975 and 1980 for "non-transmural"
      myocardial infarction (72 men, 8 women, mean age 56 +/- 9 years) were studied.
      The diagnosis was based on a severe attack of pain of over 30 minutes duration,
      increased serum cardiac enzyme levels (CKMB greater than 24 U; SGOT greater than
      60 U), pyrexia and signs of inflammation. The patients were divided into two
      groups according to their ECG changes: Group A: "rudimentary" infarction with
      prolonged T wave inversion from V1 to V5, narrow transient Q waves and reduction
      of R wave amplitude in the corresponding leads; Group B: persistant prolonged,
      intercritical ST depression greater than 2.5 mm (subendocardial infarct). All
      patients underwent selective coronary angiography and left ventriculography in
      the RAO projection within 15 days of admission. The angiographic data (coronary
      score, ejection fraction, alinetic perimeter) were compared to those of 2
      randomly chosen control groups: Group C: 30 inferior wall infarcts with coronary
      angiography and regularly followed-up; Group D: 30 transmural anterior infarcts
      with coronary angiography, regularly followed-up. Four factors were analysed
      during follow-up: the incidence of death after discharge from hospital,
      transmural infarction, unstable angina and cardiac failure. All patients were
      treated medically (nitrate derivatives, betablockers, calcium antagonists).
      Sixteen patients in Group A (p less than 0,025) were operated and excluded from
      the prognostic study. The angiographic data showed a high incidence of isolated,
      severe LAD disease in Group A (59.2% of cases) and that multivessel disease was
      commoner in Group B (78.4%). A collateral circulation revascularising the LAD was
      observed in 42% of patients in Group A. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439145
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of carotid stenosis by spectral analysis of the Doppler
      signal. Comparison of the results of spectral analysis, angiography and anatomo
      pathology].
AB  - With the single Doppler spectrum analysis, one can appreciate the degree of the
      carotid stenosis according to the importance of the haemodynamic disturbances
      induced by the stenosis. The purpose of our study is to show the possibilities
      and the limitations of this method. Spectrum disturbances were classified in 5
      grades, each of them being related to the importance of the stenosis. The degree
      of stenosis has been evaluated by the C.W. Doppler spectrum analysis, the
      angiographies and the anatomical study of the endarteriectomies. We considered
      that we had a perfect concordance between the results of the different methods
      when the degree of stenosis measured on the angiographies or on the
      endarteriectomies was compatible with the spectrum analysis classification: grade
      I: stenosis inferior to 40% (in area), 23% (in diameter); grade II: stenosis
      ranging between 40 and 60% in area (23 and 40 in diameter); grade III: stenosis
      of 60 to 75% in area (40 to 50% in diameter) and of particular shape (extended
      plaque); grade IV: stenosis ranging between 60 and 90% in area (40 to 70% in
      diameter); grade V: stenosis higher than 90% in area (70% in diameter). The
      confrontation of spectrum analysis and angiographic date concerns 58
      bifurcations. We got a perfect correlation in 93% of the cases. The confrontation
      of the spectrum analysis method and the anatomical study of the endarteriectomies
      concerns 38 bifurcations. We got a perfect correlation in 92% of the cases. The
      appreciation of the carotid stenosis degree is now performed in routine at the
      Hospital. For some patients, the endarteriectomy has been decided from the
      clinical and the spectrum analysis data, and an electro-encephalogram with
      compression. However these date are generally completed with an angiography with
      venous punction.

PMID- 6439146
TI  - [Role of thrombolytic treatment in thrombosis of valvular prostheses. Apropos of
      2 cases and review of the world literature].
AB  - The authors report 2 cases of thrombolytic therapy by Urokinase at the dose of 4
      500 U/kg/hour, for 24 hours, in patients with thrombosis of a Bjork aortic and
      Lillehei mitral valve prostheses, and assess the efficacy with a review of the
      world literature. The first case was a 65 year old woman who received a Bjork No
      25 aortic valve prosthesis for aortic regurgitation. Two years later oral anti
      vitamin K anticoagulants were replaced by an association of Aspirin-Persantine.
      She developed acute pulmonary oedema secondary to thrombosis of her valve during
      the fifth postoperative year. Treatment with Urokinase was successful (4 500
      U/kg/hour for 24 hours). The second cases was a 33 year old woman who received a
      Lillehei No 27 mitral valve prosthesis for mitral regurgitation due to infective
      endocarditis. Six years later, during a period of apparently ineffective oral
      anticoagulation, she developed subacute pulmonary oedema due to thrombosis of her
      prosthesis. Urokinase therapy was successful after 4 hours, but the valve surface
      area on cardiac catheterisation was decreased and elective reoperation to change
      the prosthesis was decided upon. Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a serious
      complication with an operative mortality of 68.6% (35 deaths out of 51
      reoperations in the worl literature) whilst the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy
      would appear to be about 80%. When thrombosis is progressive, the valve has to be
      changed surgically, but when it is secondary, thrombolytic therapy at least helps
      the patient survive the acute phase.

PMID- 6439147
TI  - [Genesis of myocardial infarction].
AB  - The causes of myocardial infarction (MI) are complex and multiple and may
      eventually be associated. Two main types of mechanism are thought to be
      implicated: Functional mechanisms: these are operative in prolonged angina: the
      difference between MI and angina pectoris is related to the duration of these
      phenomena and to the resistance of the myocardial cells to anoxia: unsatisfied
      increase in myocardial oxygen demand, as for example in exercise-induced
      myocardial infarction; sudden reduction in oxygen supply due to an excessive fall
      in coronary flow, inadequate vasodilatation, platelet aggregation or coronary
      spasm. Priviledged cases are presented to demonstrate the reality of these
      phenomena. These mechanisms can sometimes cause MI by themselves, even when the
      coronary arteries are normal (5% of cases), and nearly always complicate and
      aggravate obstruction due to an atheromatous plaque. Organic obstructive lesions:
      coronary obstruction observed in about 2/3 of cases, sometimes caused by rupture
      of an atheromatous plaque, is usually the result of coronary thrombosis. The
      predominance of this mechanism is an argument in favour of it being the principal
      cause of MI. However, other workers believe that thrombosis is a secondary
      phenomenon induced by stasis, functional mechanisms or severe stenosis. The clot
      itself would then cause obstruction even if the primary cause were to regress.
      Irrespective of the roles of each of these factors it would appear logical to
      treat the functional mechanisms assumed to be responsible and the coronary
      thrombosis before the myocardial cells are destroyed by the anoxia.

PMID- 6439148
TI  - [Valve replacement, a possible factor in myocardial deterioration].
AB  - Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be a cause of myocardial damage in a small
      number of patients undergoing valve replacement (4 out of 1576 valve
      replacements). The responsibility of CPB can only be presumed when: the degree of
      myocardial dysfunction after surgery can be quantified, other causes of
      myocardial dysfunction are excluded. the type of valvular disease is taken into
      consideration. Variations in load after correction of certain lesions (mitral
      regurgitation) makes changes of LV systolic function difficult to interpret. The
      first case concerned a 23 year old patient operated for aortic regurgitation
      (Bjork prosthesis) under local and general hypothermia and followed-up for 1 year
      after surgery. Ventricular extrasystoles and left bundle branch block were
      observed during surgery and radiological and echocardiographic LV dilatation
      persisted with deterioration of echographic, isotopic, haemodynamic and
      angiographic parameters of LV function: ejection fraction fell from 62% before
      surgery to 35% with diffuse hypokinesia and persistent LV dilatation (191 vs 188
      ml). In the absence of prosthetic valve dysfunction, associated valve lesions or
      coronary artery disease, LV deterioration was attributed to CPB and inadequate
      myocardial protection. In two other cases (60 and 62 years) correction of aortic
      stenosis (Starr 1260) with coronary perfusion was followed by cardiac failure
      with left bundle branch block, deterioration of LV function, and death after 3
      years in one case and precarious survival at 10 years in the other. In a fourth
      case (mixed mitral valve disease corrected by a Starr prosthesis under aortic
      clamping), the variation of cardiac load before and after surgery made changes in
      LV function difficult to interpret. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439149
TI  - [Emergency surgical revascularization in establishing myocardial infarctions.
      Treatment of subtotal coronary occlusions].
AB  - The introduction of intracoronary thrombolysis as a treatment for myocardial
      infarction has led to an increase in the number of very early coronary
      angiographies carried out in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. These
      investigations can be performed without excessive risk. In some cases, severe
      stenosis with significant distal circulatory impairment without evidence of
      thrombosis is found. In these very early investigations, these findings may
      represent a "pre-thrombolic" lesion in an evolving myocardial infarction. Six
      cases of very severe pre-thrombolitic stenosis of the LAD were observed in a
      series of 67 coronary angiographies performed in the early stages of myocardial
      infarction. These six cases were selected on strict clinical, ECG and
      angiographic criteria. One patient was hospitalised with cardiogenic shock. The
      six patients underwent emergency coronary bypass surgery: average time from
      admission to coronary angiography was 55 minutes; average time from coronary
      angiography to surgery was 3 hours. These 6 pre-thrombolic lesions of the LAD
      were also associated with lesions of the left circumflex and right coronary
      arteries. There were no operative complications but two patients had stormy
      immediate postoperative periods. There was no hospital mortality. All patients
      were reinvestigated at 1 month and all grafts were shown to be patent. The left
      ventricular ejection fractions improved in 3 cases, remained unchanged in 2
      cases, and deteriorated in 1 case (the patient with cardiogenic shock). These
      results suggest that emergency coronary bypass surgery is a rational treatment of
      pre-thrombolic coronary stenosis observed at early coronary angiography in
      patients with evolving myocardial infarction in order to preserve as much
      myocardial muscle as possible.

PMID- 6439150
TI  - [Corrected transposition of the great vessels with stenosis of the left
      atrioventricular valve in a 40-year-old woman].
AB  - The authors reports the detection of a rare and remarkably well tolerated cardiac
      malformation in a 40 year old woman whose clinical presentation would have
      suggested an ordinary mitral stenosis, had there not been a number of very
      unusual signs. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography showed a corrected
      transposition of the great arteries with stenosis of the systemic
      atrioventricular valve. This case is used to illustrate the principal
      malformations observed in association with corrected transposition of the great
      arteries, especially the common and very variable abnormalities of the systemic
      atrioventricular valve. The unusual feature of the reported case was the stenotic
      nature of the valvular lesion and the fact that this was the only associated
      intracardiac abnormality, simulating, at first sight, a rheumatic mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 6439151
TI  - [Aneurysm of the subrenal abdominal aorta spontaneously rupturing into the
      inferior vena cava].
AB  - The authors report a new case of spontaneous rupture of an infrarenal abdominal
      aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava operated with a good haemodynamic
      result. However, the patient died of multiple postoperative complications and an
      associated left bronchopulmonary carcinoma. The following features are
      emphasised: the contribution of complementary investigations to the diagnosis of
      this condition: abdominal ultrasonography, aortography and above all, especially
      in future years, of digitised angiography; the clinical importance of ischaemia
      of the descending colon and acute postoperative renal failure, the prevention of
      which should improve surgical results.

PMID- 6439152
TI  - [Posttraumatic infarction with a surgically treated floating thrombus of the left
      ventricle. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Forty-two days after severe thoracic trauma which had led to thrombosis of the
      left renal artery and to nephrectomy, a 22 year old patient developed anterior
      wall infarction. Echocardiography and coronary and left ventricular angiography
      showed distal occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and the presence
      of a large, mobile thrombus at the left ventricular apex. The thrombus was
      removed surgically without any complications but a small thrombus adherent to the
      ventricular scar was observed postoperatively. After a discussion on the
      different possible physiopathological mechanisms, the authors conclude that the
      patient probably suffered primary myocardial contusion which led to secondary
      occlusion of the LAD artery, late myocardial infarction and extension of the
      initial intraventricular thrombus. This case illustrates the value of two
      dimensional echocardiography in the detection and follow-up of ventricular
      thrombosis.

PMID- 6439154
TI  - [Ablative methods].

PMID- 6439153
TI  - [Acute suppurative mediastinitis in heart surgery performed under extracorporeal
      circulation].
AB  - The incidence of acute suppurative mediastinitis after open heart cardiac surgery
      in a 5 year retrospective study was found to be 1.56%. The commonest causal agent
      was the DNAse + coagulase + staphylococcus (68.8%). All cases were treated with
      bactericidal antibiotics and local measures (dosed chest irrigation-drainage in 1
      or 2 stages). Adult men, early and/or late reoperation, immediate postoperative
      complications (cardiovascular collapse, haemorrhage) were positive risk factors.
      On the other hand, the type of underlying cardiac disease, the duration of
      surgery and bypass time, emergency surgery, and protocols of prophylactic
      antibiotic therapy did not seem to influence this risk. No sources of exogenous
      contamination, no notions of epidemics or periodicity were discovered in this
      study. The clinical course may be complicated, especially by renal failure.
      Thirty-two of the 109 patients studied died. However, the prognosis has improved
      in the last 5 years in relation to technical advances in intensive care and,
      above all, to adoption of 1 stage dosed chest irrigation-drainage: the mortality
      rate has fallen from 37.2% in the first period to 20% more recently. When a cure
      is obtained, it is complete and there are no sequellae. Nevertheless,
      irrespective of the adoption of draconian measures of asepsis and protocols of
      prophylactic antibiotic therapy, the risk of acute postoperative mediastinitis
      persists. This suggests that the efficacy of the patient's local (and general)
      anti-infective immunity defenses may vary in the presence of constant mediastinal
      bacterial contamination despite aleatory preventive measures, due to the
      remenance of the skin flora.

PMID- 6439155
TI  - [Maximal effort, maximal heart rate and serum lactic acid in exercise
      electrocardiography. A comparative study].
AB  - In exercise stress testing the quantification of effort on which the value and
      significance of the test depend is based on two simple and practical criteria:
      theoretical maximal heart rate for age (MHR) and serum lactic acid levels 3
      minutes after exercise. Usually only MHR is used, 85% of MHR being the common cut
      off point between "interpretable" maximal or "inframaximal" effort and useless
      effort. Our study was based on 1 000 exercise stress tests performed over a two
      year period with the same protocol and equipment. Initially, we determined our
      values of MHR and serum lactic acid in undoubted maximal effort stress tests, as
      shown by a levelling out of the heart rate during the last load increments, the
      last stage of exercise being sustained for at least 1.5 minute. The application
      of both criteria to all the investigations showed significant differences in the
      evaluation of the exercise obtained when the maximal measured heart rate was
      between 85 and 95% of MHR. This was also true, to a lesser extent, in patients
      over 60 years of age or under 30 years of age with maximal measured heart rate of
      85% or less than MHR. A discussion of the theoretical basis of the two criteria
      helps explain this divergence, attributing it to the inaccuracy and unreliability
      of the MHR. The only obstacle to the use of serum lactate as the preferential
      indicator of maximal effort is the need for laboratory facilities and the delay
      in obtaining the result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439156
TI  - [Endocavitary electric shock. Problems related to equipment].
AB  - Endocavitary catheter ablation is a new method of treating cardiac arrhythmias.
      It may be used indirectly, interrupting conduction through the His bundle in
      supraventricular arrhythmias, or directly by altering the arrhythmogenic
      substrate to prevent ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. We have observed,
      together with other workers, that changes in the electrical properties of the
      catheters used to deliver the endocavitary electrical discharge. This was
      unexpected as the shock was delivered through a unipolar electrode with the
      indifferent electrode placed on the patient's back. An analysis of the morphology
      of the discharge impulse in intensity and voltage at increasing energy values
      showed that the unconnected electrodes of the multi-electrode catheter were
      raised to approximately the same voltage as the indifferent electrode. The change
      in electrical properties of some catheters was therefore the result of an
      insulation defect between the conducting wires leading to the electrodes. A study
      of the rupturing voltage of 32 USCI endocavitary catheters showed that 5 were
      able to sustain repeated shocks of 2 Kv and that 3 were able to sustain 3.5 Kv.
      The insulation of Cordis catheters was good but problems were encountered due to
      the resistance of the wires leading to the electrodes which dissipated an
      abnormally high amount of energy, so reducing the energy actually reaching the
      myocardium. These observations may explain the inconsistency of results obtained
      by different groups performing endocavitary catheter ablation with material not
      designed specifically for this purpose.

PMID- 6439157
TI  - [Systemic fibrinolytic treatment in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
      Effects on coronary repermeation and left ventricular function].
AB  - Coronary angiography and 2D echocardiography were performed at the 24th hour and
      21st day of acute myocardial infarction in 18 patients to study the effects of
      peripheral fibrinolytic therapy on coronary repermeabilisation and left
      ventricular function. The treatment was the same for all patients included in the
      study. The left ventricular ejection fraction and sequential left ventricular
      contractility were analysed. The first coronary angiographic control study (24th
      hour) showed coronary repermeabilisation in 18 cases, occurring in significantly
      stenosed vessels in 15 cases and in angiographically normal vessels in 3 cases,
      demonstrating appearances of thrombosis. Transluminal coronary angioplasty was
      performed in 8 cases. Coronary angiography at the 21st day showed 4 secondary
      occlusions in patients who had not undergone angioplasty. The comparative study
      of left ventricular function did not show a statistically significant difference
      between the 24th hour and the 21st day studies. Biochemical studies showed on
      early massive elevation of the specific myocardial enzyme CPK MB and a rapid fall
      in the fibrinolytic activity of all patients. The treatment was well tolerated
      and mortality was nil.

PMID- 6439158
TI  - [Results of singular valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis or
      bioprosthesis in valve diseases with advanced myocardial failure].
AB  - Surgery may prolong survival in some patients in advanced cardiac failure due to
      valvular heart disease refractory to digitalo-diuretic and vasodilator therapy.
      The operative risk is high and myocardial dysfunction after surgery is also a
      problem. However, in some cases, surprising improvement is observed. An analysis
      of the principal publications in the literature on the natural history of
      valvular heart disease and the results of surgery in the last ten years show
      that: In chronic aortic valve disease complicated by congestive heart failure,
      the natural prognosis does not exceed 2 to 3 years in either aortic stenosis or
      regurgitation. On the other hand, prosthetic valve replacement is associated with
      a 57% 4 years survival in aortic regurgitation, and a 70% 5 years survival in
      aortic stenosis, but with an operative mortality of 20 to 27%. Surgery is even
      more valuable in acute aortic regurgitation due to endocarditis, leading to a 60%
      2 years survival compared to only 6% with medical therapy alone. In chronic
      mitral valve disease with advanced cardiac failure, the natural prognosis does
      not exceed 4.5 years in mitral regurgitation, 8 years in mitral stenosis and an
      intermediate period in mixed mitral valve disease. On the other hand, prosthetic
      valve replacement with an operative risk of 21 to 26% is associated with a life
      expectancy of 56 to 60% at 5 years, and 46% at 10 years, operative mortality
      included. The surgical results depend on good myocardial protection and intensive
      pre-, per- and post-operative care using positive inotropic agents, vasodilators
      and, when necessary, intra aortic balloon pumping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6439159
TI  - [Computerized management of the medical record in cardiac surgery. Experience at
      Foch Hospital].
AB  - Between 1979 and 1983, about 2 000 case reports of patients undergoing cardiac
      surgery were computerised. The availability of the centralised computer
      facilities of Hopital Foch made this experiment possible. The computerised case
      notes were divided into several chapters in which a certain amount of data was
      compulsive and provision was made for the addition of further information. The
      data was introduced in the form of a numerical code out of a possible choice of
      700 contained in a dictionary. A terminal located in the department was used to
      introduce the information or to consult a given case file directly. Statistical
      analysis of the cases was performed using APL language, the basis of which must
      be known in order to continue interrogation, the reply being almost immediate.
      Several examples of the use of the system are given: number of patients, average
      duration of surgery, characteristics of the ten oldest patients. Other studies
      include the use of double entry tables to determine the relationship between two
      variables such as the variation of cardiothoracic index and the degree of
      postoperative bleeding. Each case takes about 20 minutes to be coded; the number
      of cases not entered has decreased greatly year by year. The differences in
      language used in comparison with already existing systems are: the use of syntax,
      the possibility of dating events, an "open" dictionary. The main drawbacks of the
      system are: forgetting to code certain data and restrictions of interrogation
      (easier for fixed than for facultative data). The overall results have been
      clearly positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439160
TI  - [HLA-DRW grouping in obstructive myocardiopathy].
AB  - Hypertrophic myocardiopathy with obstruction (HOMC) is a disease of unknown
      aetiology with a high familial incidence. This study was undertaken to determine
      its relationship to the HLA system, as proved in a number of other conditions.
      The clinical suspicion of HOMC was confirmed in all cases by echocardiography. In
      addition, 4 patients were also catheterised, confirming the presence of an
      intraventricular pressure gradient. One patient was investigated after surgery.
      None of the patients was hypertensive. In two cases, a positive family history of
      HOMC confirmed the hereditary nature of the condition. The HLA-A and B grouping
      was performed by the micro-lymphocytotoxic technique. The HLA-DRW was carried out
      with B lymphocytes separated either by column filtration or by rosetting on a
      Ficoll gradient. We did not find a statistically significant prevalence of any of
      the antigens tested on the A, B on DRW loci. Our results were compared with
      previously published data. They support the findings of Bloch et al. in a
      genetically comparable study population (HLA A and B only) but contradict those
      of Matsumori (oriental population). We were unable to demonstrate a liaison
      between antigens of the HLA system and HOMC. However, as was shown in our study,
      HLA grouping is valuable in familial forms of HOMC (mechanism of transmission,
      detection of clinically latent forms).

PMID- 6439161
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of oral propafenone. Apropos of 70 cases].
AB  - During a 3 year period, seventy patients aged 53 +/- 16 years with a total of 73
      arrhythmias were treated over a mean period of 6.8 months (maximum 27 months)
      with oral propafenone, the usual dose being 900 mg/day. The study covered the
      whole spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias (32 supraventricular, 41 ventricular), and
      their relation to the autonomic nervous system. The efficacy was scored from 1
      (no effect) to 5 (complete control) as judged by the clinical response, the
      results of Holter monitoring (175 control and 133 test recordings on therapy),
      and a comparison was made between the effects of propafenone and other
      antiarrhythmics: quinidine-like drugs, beta-blockers and amiodarone. With respect
      to supraventricular arrhythmias: 9 cases of vagally-induced atrial flutter and
      fibrillation were unaffected by propafenone (mean score = 1.1). On the other
      hand, the drug was very effective (mean score = 4.1) in 8 cases of adrenergic
      atrial arrhythmias. In 12 arrhythmias with more varied mechanisms (extrasystoles,
      tachysystole, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) an intermediate score was obtained
      (2.8). Three cases of resistant junctional tachycardia due to reentry were
      improved. At ventricular level, 5 cases of extrasystole sensitive to quinidine
      were also improved by propafenone (4.6); the difference was more clearcut in 8
      cases of benign idiopathic tachycardia (propafenone: 4.1, and quinidine: 2.4).
      This was more marked in 13 cases of more severe arrhythmia in diseased hearts in
      which the effect of propafenone (4.1) was superior even to that of amiodarone.
      However, propafenone was less effective (3.3) than amiodarone in 4 cases of
      severe polymorphic idiopathic ventricular tachycardia closely related to the
      autonomic nervous system. The antiarrhythmic effect of propafenone was
      appreciable in 10 cases of resistant post-infarction ventricular tachycardia,
      eventually in association with amiodarone. Slowing of the sinus rhythm (-11.6%)
      with no change in the day/night ratio was due to beta-inhibition. However, in
      toxic doses this may progress to sinoatrial block (9 cases). A lengthening of the
      PR interval and duration of QRS was common, but this was not complicated by
      torsade de pointes, one case of which was successfully treated by propafenone.
      Secondary gastro-intestinal effects and vertigo were rarely severe enough to
      warrant stopping therapy. In conclusion, these results show that the introduction
      of propafenone is a valuable therapeutic advance in the treatment of arrhythmias,
      especially in those with a favoring adrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 6439162
TI  - [Esophageal spasm: a common cause of spontaneous precordial pain].
AB  - Fifty-eight consecutive patients were investigated for spontaneous chest pain
      without symptoms of effort angina, previous myocardial infarction or other signs
      of cardiac disease, to determine the incidence of oesophageal spasm. The
      character of the chest pain, its context and the results of resting ECGs were
      analysed. An ECG recorded during chest pain was available in 23 cases and
      exercise stress testing was performed in 43 cases. Coronary angiography was
      carried out in all patients. The coronary arteries were normal or showed little
      change in 44 patients. Further investigations were ordered: oesophageal manometry
      (42 cases), echocardiography 44 cases) and ergometrine provocation tests (44
      cases). The patients were then divided into 4 groups: 23 patients (40 p. 100)
      with coronary artery disease; either atheroma (14 cases) or spasm (9 cases); 8
      patients (13,5 p. 100) with non-coronary cardiac pathology (myocardial
      hypertrophy or mitral valve prolapse); 15 patients (26 p. 100) with oesophageal
      spasm alone; 12 patients (20,5 p. 100) with no obvious organic disease. Often
      simulating spontaneous angina, clinically and electrocardiographically,
      oesophageal spasm may sometimes be distinguished (6 out of 15 cases) by the
      finding of painful dysphagia on swallowing ice-cold liquid. The condition is
      confirmed by oesophageal manometry which shows abnormalities of oesophageal
      contraction. In addition, 13 out of 15 patients in our series had hypotonia of
      the gastro-oesophageal sphincter. Dyskinetic phenomena and this hypotonia should
      be taken into consideration in the treatment of this condition.

PMID- 6439163
TI  - [Rest and exercise angina caused by spasm of the left coronary artery. Apropos of
      a case with angiographically normal coronary arteries].
AB  - A 42 year old woman presented with resting and effort angina. During an attack of
      chest pain, ST-T wave depression was recorded in the anterior chest leads.
      Coronary angiography showed spontaneous spasm of the left main stem, relieved by
      nitrate derivatives. The coronary arteries were angiographically normal between
      attacks of angina. Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy showed anterior wall
      hypofixation at maximal effort. A good therapeutic result was obtained with
      calcium antagonists. The site of coronary spasm is the special feature of this
      case, which may be grouped with other rare reported cases of spontaneous spasm or
      spasm on effort. We confirm that spasm-induced myocardial ischaemia may cause ST
      depression on the surface ECG.

PMID- 6439164
TI  - [Parietal rupture of the heart in the acute phase of a postero-inferior
      myocardial infarction. Echocardiographic diagnosis, surgical cure].
AB  - A 58 year old patient with no previous cardiac history developed a postero
      inferior myocardial infarction, complicated at the 6th hour by parietal rupture
      leading to acute tamponade. This was diagnosed by echocardiography which showed a
      compressive pericardial effusion containing large thrombi. Surgery under
      cardiopulmonary bypass was successful and led to good quality survival,
      maintained for over 6 months. A recent angiocardiographic control showed the
      absence of coronary artery lesions. This case is exceptionally rare and
      demonstrates the value of echocardiography in myocardial infarction complicated
      by sudden cardiovascular collapse. In addition, in this case, the haemorrhagic
      nature of the pericardial effusion was demonstrated by the visualization of
      thrombi in the pericardial space. Their presence would seem to be quite specific
      of parietal rupture.

PMID- 6439165
TI  - [Transitory appearance of collateral circulation during coronary spasm].
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient with coronary spasm characterised on
      exercise stress testing by an initial depression of the ST segment followed by ST
      elevation at the 3rd minute of recovery. Coronary angiography showed an
      important, transient collateral system arising from the left coronary artery,
      probably minimising the effects of complete occlusion of a dominant right
      coronary artery. The authors discuss effort-induced spasm and collateral
      circulation.

PMID- 6439166
TI  - [Toward a new method of prevention of infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 6439167
TI  - [Amiodarone-flecainide combination in the treatment of severe ventricular
      arrhythmia].

PMID- 6439168
TI  - [Hydrocephalus during central parenteral feeding. Role of vitamin A poisoning].
AB  - Five children receiving central parenteral nutrition presented between the 6th
      and 16th day of renutrition with hydrocephalus unrelated to intercurrent
      neurologic disorder. Repeated determinations of plasma retinol and of the
      transport complex components made the proof of vitamin A intoxication in 2 cases.
      Vitamin A had been provided in the form of a water-soluble vitamin-solution
      incorporated in the nutrition mixture (doses: 1,500 micrograms and 3,000
      micrograms retinol equivalent respectively). These 2 case reports have to be
      compared with 3 other cases of hydrocephalus occurring during total parenteral
      nutrition. One child presented with bilateral jugular thrombosis secondary to
      percutaneous venous approach trials, while the 2 other were probably within the
      framework of an accelerated weight recovery following nutritional marasmus.

PMID- 6439169
TI  - [Disseminated bone angiomatosis and focal epilepsy].
AB  - The authors report a case of diffuse angiomatosis of bone associated with focal
      epilepsy. This case confirms the usual absence of cerebromeningeal angiomatosis
      in cases with diffuse angiomatosis of bone and establishes a relationship between
      angioma of the dome of the skull and focal epilepsy.

PMID- 6439170
TI  - Carbamazepine and thyroid function in affectively ill patients. Clinical and
      theoretical implications.
AB  - Thyroid function was examined in 50 affectively ill patients before and four
      weeks after carbamazepine treatment. Carbamazepine significantly and
      substantially decreased peripheral thyroid hormone levels while increases in
      thyrotropin levels, although significant, were of much smaller magnitude.
      Furthermore, the decreases in levels of thyroxine (T4) and free T4 were
      significantly greater in carbamazepine responders than in nonresponders. These
      findings are discussed in light of current theories of the role of the thyroid
      axis in affective illness.

PMID- 6439171
TI  - Characterization and prediction of lithium blood levels and clearances.
AB  - Mathematical simulations and nonlinear numerical methods for characterizing the
      serum elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and renal clearance of
      lithium after multiple oral doses of lithium carbonate and two or more blood
      level determinations were constructed and adapted for clinical use. These
      characteristics were measured for 24 inpatients; predictions were made with the
      simulation and compared with actual succeeding blood levels. The average
      elimination half-life of 25.9 hours was compared with half-lives reported after
      single oral doses. Average and median errors of prediction were negligible; the
      root mean square error was 0.12 mEq/L, near the coefficient of variation of 0.082
      mEq/L. The correlation between predicted and observed levels (r) was .82; a small
      systematic effect of weight was found.

PMID- 6439172
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Gastrointestinal and pancreatic lesions and
      rickettsial infection.
AB  - Recent clinical studies have shown a high incidence of nausea, vomiting,
      diarrhea, and abdominal pain in Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), and case
      reports have documented rickettsial infection and vascular injury in the small
      intestine, appendix, and gallbladder. To determine the incidence and distribution
      of Rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsial lesions that might be the basis for
      these clinical manifestations of RMSF, tissues that were available from the
      stomach, small intestine, colon, and pancreas in fatal cases of RMSF were
      examined. Lesions were identified in pancreatic tissue in 91% of cases and in
      tissue obtained from the stomach, small intestine, and colon in all cases. Most
      tissues were judged to be only moderately injured. Organisms of R rickettsii were
      demonstrated by immunofluorescence in 14 (50%) of 28 cases and, when identified,
      correlated topographically with the location of vascular injury. These
      observations support the concept of rickettsial vascular injury of the
      gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas leading to GI signs and symptoms in
      RMSF.

PMID- 6439173
TI  - Metabolic and respiratory effects of continuous and discontinuous lipid
      infusions. Occurrence in excess of resting energy expenditure.
AB  - Intravenous hyperalimentation with dextrose can be associated with adverse
      respiratory and hepatic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      respiratory and metabolic consequences of fat calories in excess of resting
      energy expenditure provided both continuously and discontinuously. No significant
      changes in respiratory mechanics, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production,
      resting energy expenditure, serum substrates, liver function, or nitrogen balance
      were noted by the addition of 500 kcal of lipid emulsion to dextrose calories
      sufficient to meet energy requirements. The respiratory quotient declined
      significantly with the 12- and 24-hour lipid infusions, but persisted for the
      entire 24 hours only in the latter instance. The sustained and increased (46% v
      36%) oxidation of lipid with a 24-hour infusion suggests that a continuous
      infusion of lipid is preferable to a discontinuous infusion.

PMID- 6439175
TI  - Medical pumps: cost-benefit improvement for medical care.

PMID- 6439174
TI  - [Endocarditis due to group D Streptococcus (S. bovis and S. faecalis) and tumor
      of the colon. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 6439176
TI  - A new perfusion circuit for the newborn with lung immaturity: extracorporeal CO2
      removal via an umbilical arteriovenous shunt during apneic O2 diffusion.
AB  - In spite of improved prophylaxis and therapy, the respiratory distress syndrome
      is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature babies. Owing to
      the fact that a number of patients are unresponsive to other methods of neonatal
      care, an increasing number of perinatal centers have started to treat this group
      of patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successfully. To make the
      extracorporeal gas exchange more practicable for the neonate directly after
      birth, a modification of this method using an umbilical arteriovenous shunt for
      CO2 removal in apneic premature lambs as an animal model was evaluated. A
      miniaturized low-resistance extracorporeal circuit that is totally incorporated
      in a regular intensive care baby incubator was developed. The benefit of using
      extracorporeal CO2 removal in very low birth weight newborns could be a
      conditioning of the premature lung during a short period of bypass, after which
      ventilation at nontraumatic pressures and nontoxic O2 concentrations would become
      possible.

PMID- 6439177
TI  - New approaches to thrombolytic therapy.
AB  - Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), purified from the culture fluid of a
      stable human melanoma cell line, is a serine protease, different from urokinase,
      with a molecular weight of about 70,000. It is composed of one polypeptide chain,
      which is converted to a two-chain molecule by limited plasmic action. Activation
      of plasminogen to plasmin occurs by cleavage of the Arg 560-Val 561 peptide bond.
      Kinetic analysis has shown that the activation obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics
      and that the presence of fibrin strikingly enhances the activation rate by
      increasing the affinity of plasminogen for fibrin-bound t-PA. The directed action
      of plasmin toward fibrin in vivo, might be explained by the low Michaelis
      constant in the presence of fibrin (0.16 microM), which allows efficient
      plasminogen activation on a fibrin clot, while its high value in the absence of
      fibrin (65 microM) prevents efficient activation in plasma. Plasmin formed on the
      fibrin surface would then be protected from rapid inactivation by alpha 2
      antiplasmin. An important consequence of this molecular model for physiological
      fibrinolysis is that specific thrombolysis is only expected with the use of a
      specific plasminogen activator, which confines activation to the fibrin surface.
      Studies on the thrombolytic properties of purified t-PA in various animal species
      and in humans have revealed a higher specific thrombolytic activity than
      urokinase. Thrombolysis could be achieved without causing significant plasminogen
      activation, alpha 2-antiplasmin consumption, or fibrinogen breakdown.
      Alternatively, pro-urokinase, the zymogen precursor of urokinase, also displays a
      certain degree of fibrin specificity. Its mechanism of action and potential
      therapeutic value remain to be established.

PMID- 6439178
TI  - Contribution of the receptor pathway to low density lipoprotein catabolism in
      humans. New methods for quantitation.
AB  - Receptor-mediated catabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured cells
      depends on the presence of functionally significant arginine and lysine residues
      on the lipoprotein apoprotein. When these are blocked, the recognition process is
      abolished, and catabolism of the modified lipoprotein is restricted to other
      mechanisms. Accurate discrimination between the activities of the receptor and
      nonreceptor pathways in vivo depends critically on the metabolic properties of
      this chemically modified lipoprotein. Here we report our experiences with two
      lysine-modified LDL tracers, glucosylated LDL (GLC-LDL) and 2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
      treated LDL (HOET-LDL). The fractional clearance rate of GLC-LDL (0.25 +/- 0.05
      pools/day, n = 5) was 50% of that of control material (0.51 +/- 0.09 pools/day)
      injected simultaneously into normal subjects. The HOET-LDL was also retarded in
      its clearance. Here, however, the fractional clearances of the control (0.37 +/-
      0.06 pools/day, n = 6) and modified lipoprotein (0.19 +/- 0.03 pools/day) were
      lower than those obtained by the glucosylation procedure. We suspect that the
      prolonged incubation required for glucosylation of LDL artifactually accelerated
      its catabolism. The HOET-LDL does not suffer from this defect and seems to be a
      better tracer of the receptor-independent pathway. In a group of 10 subjects,
      HOET-LDL was metabolically indistinguishable from 1,2 cyclohexanedione-treated,
      arginine-modified LDL.

PMID- 6439179
TI  - Synthesis and degradation of aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus. I. Synthesis
      of aflatoxin B1 by young mycelium and its subsequent degradation in aging
      mycelium.
AB  - Aflatoxin production and degradation were examined in three isolates of A.
      parasiticus. Maximum yields were present after incubation for 14 days and these
      declined gradually as the culture aged. Young mycelia (4 days old) synthesized
      the greatest amounts of aflatoxin, but aging mycelia (14 days old) were mainly
      responsible for degradation. Addition of cycloheximide to young cultures and
      removal of mycelia from aging cultures both prevented further aflatoxin
      degradation. Intramycelial substances released from fragmented or homogenized
      mycelium were capable of degrading aflatoxins, and their concentration increased
      as the mycelium aged. When 14C-labelled aflatoxin was added to a 2-day-old
      culture and further incubated, 75% of the radioactivity at 12 days was
      intramycelial, but at 20 days, most radioactivity was in the filtrate.

PMID- 6439180
TI  - Isolation of Brucella suis from cattle.

PMID- 6439181
TI  - Sensitivity of serological methods for detecting antibody in vaccinated and non
      vaccinated Brucella-infected cows.

PMID- 6439182
TI  - 1984 Armstrong lecture. Hypoxic man: lessons from extreme altitude.
AB  - Physiological responses to extreme prolonged hypoxia were studied during the
      American Medical Research Expedition to Mount Everest in the fall of 1981.
      Measurements were carried out at four sites on the mountain, including the
      summit. The results show that man can tolerate the extreme hypoxia of these great
      altitudes only by an enormous increase in ventilation. Alveolar PCO2 on the
      summit was 7.5 mm Hg, the arterial pH and PO2 were calculated to be over 7.7 and
      less than 30 mm Hg, respectively, and maximum oxygen uptake was about 1 L X min
      1. Our experimental program is now moving to Spacelab IV to study the effects of
      weightlessness on pulmonary function in 1985 or early 1986.

PMID- 6439183
TI  - Comparison of the effects of molsidomine, nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate
      on experimentally induced coronary artery thrombosis in the dog.
AB  - Platelet activation and aggregation in the coronary circulation may be important
      in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. Molsidomine (M), isosorbide dinitrate
      (ISDN) and nitroglycerin (NTG) have been found to inhibit platelet aggregation in
      vitro. In the present study, the activity of these compounds was investigated in
      a model of coronary artery thrombosis in vivo. Dogs were anesthetized,
      thoracotomized, and their heart was exposed. An electrode was inserted into the
      left circumflex coronary artery and set to rest on the intima. Electrical
      stimulation (9 V, 150 microA) lasted for 6 h. Compounds (each in 2 dose levels)
      were given as an i.v. infusion starting 30 min after the beginning of the
      stimulation and lasting for the duration of the experiment. All control (saline
      treated) animals underwent thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery as
      assessed by flow measurement. On the other hand, 2/8 dogs treated with the lower
      M dose and 4/8 dogs treated with the higher M dose did not have a coronary
      occlusion. Neither ISDN nor NTG, at both doses, prevented the coronary occlusion.
      In control animals thrombus wet weight was 74.43 +/- 11.25 mg. M reduced the
      thrombus weight in a dose-related manner, while ISDN (marginally) and NTG
      (significantly at the higher dose) increased this parameter. Following the
      coronary thrombosis, all control animals developed myocardial infarcts as
      assessed by the tetrazolium technique. Similarly all animals treated with ISDN
      and with NTG (at both doses) showed infarcts. However, 3/8 M-dogs did not have a
      myocardial infarction in the lower as well as in the higher dose groups. The
      hemodynamic changes induced by the 3 compounds were similar in magnitude. Thus M
      but not ISDN or NTG showed in this in-vivo study antithrombotic and consequently
      antiischemic activity.

PMID- 6439184
TI  - Specific inhibition of type I and type II collagen fibrillogenesis by the small
      proteoglycan of tendon.
AB  - The small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan of bovine tendon demonstrated a unique
      ability to inhibit fibrillogenesis of both type I and type II collagen from
      bovine tendon and cartilage respectively in an assay performed in vitro. None of
      the other proteoglycan populations from cartilage, tendon or aorta, even those
      similar in size and chemical structure, had this effect. Alkali treatment of the
      small proteoglycan of tendon eliminated its ability to inhibit fibrillogenesis,
      whereas chondroitinase digestion did not. This indicates that its interaction
      with collagen depends on the core protein. Fibrillogenesis of pepsin-digested
      collagens was affected similarly, indicating that interaction with the collagen
      telopeptides is not involved. The results suggest that interactions between
      collagen and proteoglycans may be quite specific both for the type of
      proteoglycan and its tissue of origin.

PMID- 6439185
TI  - Composition of partially purified NADPH oxidase from pig neutrophils.
AB  - The superoxide (O2.-)-forming enzyme NADPH oxidase from pig neutrophils was
      solubilized and partially purified by gel-filtration chromatography. The
      purification procedure allowed the separation of NADPH oxidase activity from NADH
      dependent cytochrome c reductase and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol reductase
      activities. O2.-forming activity was co-purified with cytochrome b-245 and was
      associated with phospholipids. However, active fractions endowed with cytochrome
      b were devoid of ubiquinone and contained only little FAD. The cytochrome b/FAD
      ratio was 1.13:1 in the crude solubilized extract and increased to 18.95:1 in the
      partially purified preparations. Most of FAD was associated with fractions
      containing NADH-dependent oxidoreductases. These results are consistent with the
      postulated role of cytochrome b in O2.-formation by neutrophil NADPH oxidase, but
      raise doubts about the participation of flavoproteins in this enzyme activity.

PMID- 6439186
TI  - Purification and characterization of two forms of microsomal carbonyl reductase
      in guinea pig liver.
AB  - Two forms of microsomal carbonyl reductase, solubilized in Triton X-100, were
      purified to homogeneity from the liver of male guinea pigs, primarily by
      affinity, DEAE-Sephacel, gel-filtration and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The
      major form was a tetrameric glycoprotein of single subunits of Mr 32000 and a pI
      value of 7.0; another minor form was a monomeric protein with Mr 34000 and a pI
      value of 7.8. The enzymes were immunologically distinct. Although the enzymes
      showed similar substrate specificity for exogenous aldehydes and ketones and
      apparently absolute cofactor specificity for NADPH, their specificity for natural
      carbonyl compounds differed. The major form irreversibly reduced 5 alpha- and 5
      beta-dihydrotestosterones, menadione and lauryl aldehyde with low Km values of 10
      70 microM, whereas the minor form not only reduced 17-oxosteroids, of which 3
      alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one was the best substrate, but also oxidized
      17-hydroxysteroids in the presence of NADP+. The two forms of carbonyl reductase
      also exhibited different sensitivity to heavy metal ions, dicoumarol,
      tetramethyleneglutaric acid, phenobarbitone and corticosteroids.

PMID- 6439187
TI  - The effect of the bay-region 12-methyl group on the stereoselective metabolism at
      the K-region of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The enantiomers of a trans-5,6-dihydrodiol formed in the metabolism of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by rat liver microsomes (microsomal fractions) were
      resolved by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The
      major 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene trans-5,6-dihydrodiol enantiomer and its
      hydrogenation product 5,6,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-trans-5,6-diol were found to have
      5S,6S absolute configurations by the exciton chirality c.d. method. The R,R/S,S
      enantiomer ratios of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene trans-5,6-dihydrodiol formed
      in the metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by liver microsomes from
      untreated, 3-methylcholanthrene-treated and phenobarbital-treated male Sprague
      Dawley rats were found to be 11:89, 6:94, and 5:95 respectively. These findings
      and those reported previously on the metabolic formations of trans-5,6
      dihydrodiols from 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene
      suggest that the 12-methyl group in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene plays an
      important role in determining the stereoselective metabolism at the K-region 5,6
      double bond. Furthermore, the finding that formation of 5S,6S-dihydrodiol as the
      predominant enantiomer was not significantly affected by the isoenzymic
      composition of cytochrome P-450 present in microsomes prepared from the livers of
      the rats pretreated with the different inducing agents indicates that the
      stereoselectivity depends on the substrate metabolized rather than on the precise
      nature of the metabolizing-enzyme system.

PMID- 6439188
TI  - Ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria.
AB  - The enzyme catalysing the hydroxylation of ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone,
      ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.22), was investigated in the Malpighian
      tubules of fifth-instar locusts, Schistocerca gregaria. Enzyme activity was
      optimal at 35 degrees C and pH 6.8-8.0. Under these conditions the mono-oxygenase
      exhibited an apparent Km for ecdysone of 7.1 X 10(-7) M, a maximal specific
      activity of 1.1 nmol/h per mg of protein and was competitively inhibited by 20
      hydroxyecdysone with an apparent Ki of 6.3 X 10(-7) M. Enzyme activity was
      decreased in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA and non-ionic detergents. The
      Malpighian tubule ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase was localized primarily in the
      subcellular fraction sedimenting at 7500 g and, on the basis of marker enzyme
      profiles, was assigned mainly to the mitochondria. NADPH was required for
      activity, although addition of NADH together with NADPH had a synergistic effect.
      NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) and an energy-dependent
      NAD(P) transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1.) appeared to be the major sources of
      reducing equivalents, with the contribution from the 'malic enzyme' (EC 1.1.1.40)
      being less important. The monooxygenase was characterized as a cytochrome P-450
      containing mixed-function oxidase from the inhibition patterns with metyrapone,
      CO and cyanide; CO inhibition was reversible with monochromatic light at 450 nm.
      However, the ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase shows much lower sensitivity to CO
      inhibition and to photodissociation of the CO-inhibited complex than do
      vertebrate cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation systems. The concentration of
      cytochrome P-450 in the Malpighian tubule mitochondria was 30 pmol/mg of protein.
      The properties of the mono-oxygenase are discussed in relation to hydroxylation
      enzymes from other sources.

PMID- 6439189
TI  - Activation of phospholipase C and prostaglandin synthesis by
      [arginine]vasopressin in cultures.
AB  - [Arginine]vasopressin (AVP) stimulates maximal prostaglandin E2 production in
      cultured rat renal mesangial cells within 2 min. As early as 10s after addition
      of AVP (10(-6)M) a significant loss of radioactivity from phosphatidylinositol
      4,5-bisphosphate but not from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and
      phosphatidylinositol was observed in cells prelabelled with 32Pi. Cells labelled
      with [14C]arachidonic acid showed an increase of label in 1,2-diacylglycerol
      after 15 s and in phosphatidic acid after 30 s upon stimulation with AVP.
      Pretreatment of the cells with indomethacin (10(-5)M) did not abolish the effect
      of AVP on the increased labelling of phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 6439190
TI  - Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from ethanol-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, grown on ethanol, showed
      dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase activities. The enzyme responsible for this
      activity was purified to homogeneity. It appeared to contain two molecules of
      pyrroloquinoline quinone per enzyme molecule. In many respects, it resembled
      other quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.99.8), having a substrate
      specificity intermediate between that of methanol dehydrogenases and ethanol
      dehydrogenases in this group. On the other hand, it also showed dissimilarities:
      the enzyme was found to be a monomer (Mr 101 000), to need only one molecule of
      the suicide substrate cyclopropanol to become fully inactivated, and to have a
      different aromatic amino acid composition.

PMID- 6439191
TI  - The interaction of lithium with thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated lipid
      metabolism in GH3 pituitary tumour cells. Enhancement of stimulated 1,2
      diacylglycerol formation.
AB  - Treatment of GH3 cells with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) for periods up to
      60 min resulted in a prolonged reduction in the cellular content of
      phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) with no lasting change in the levels of the other
      inositol-containing phospholipids. Accompanying this was a maintained increase in
      the GH3 cell 1,2-diacylglycerol content and a slower decline in the level of
      cellular triacylglycerol. When the cells were suspended in lithium-containing
      balanced salt solution for 30 min (in the absence of exogenous myo-inositol),
      there was a 15% decrease in GH3 cell inositol levels. This was associated with a
      small, but significant, increase in the cellular content of phosphatidylinositol
      4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns4,5P2) and 1,2-diacylglycerol. Addition of TRH to cells
      suspended in lithium-containing medium depleted cellular inositol levels by
      around 65% within 30 min. By this time, there was also a 50% reduction in the
      cellular content of PtdIns and a 20% reduction in phosphatidylinositol 4
      phosphate (PtdIns4P). Control levels of PtdIns4,5P2 were maintained in the
      combined presence of TRH and lithium. Under those conditions, TRH no longer
      depleted cellular triacylglycerol and there was a marked increase in the ability
      of TRH to elevate the GH3 cell content of 1,2-diacylglycerol. The effect of TRH
      on the cellular content of phosphatidic acid was not altered by the presence of
      lithium. The results show, firstly, that when PtdIns resynthesis is inhibited by
      lithium-induced inositol depletion, its glycerol backbone accumulates, at least
      in part, in 1,2-diacylglycerol and, secondly, that GH3 cells preserve their
      cellular levels of PtdIns4,5P2 in the face of a considerable reduction in the
      cellular content of PtdIns.

PMID- 6439192
TI  - The removal of cytosolic-type aldehyde dehydrogenase from preparations of sheep
      liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and the unusual properties of the
      purified mitochondrial enzyme in assays.
AB  - The pI approximately 5.2 isoenzymes of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase were
      separated from the other isoenzymes by pH-gradient chromatography on DEAE
      Sephacel. The pI approximately 5.2 material is immunologically identical with
      cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase. It also shows sensitivity to 20 microM
      disulfiram and insensitivity to 4M-urea in assays. These and other criteria seem
      to establish that the material is identical with the cytosolic enzyme.
      Mitochondrial enzyme that had been purified to remove pI approximately 5.2
      isoenzymes shows concentration-dependent lag phases in assays. These effects are
      possibly due to the slow establishment of equilibrium between tetramer and either
      dimers or monomers, with the dissociated species being intrinsically more active
      than the tetramer.

PMID- 6439193
TI  - The mechanism of the attachment of esterifying alcohol in bacteriochlorophyll a
      biosynthesis.
AB  - The mechanism through which the C-17(3) carboxy group of bacteriochlorophyllide a
      is esterified to produce bacteriochlorophyll aphytyl of Rhodopseudomonas
      spheroides and bacteriochlorophyll ageranylgeranyl of Rhodospirillum rubrum was
      studied by using 5-aminolaevulinate labelled with 18O at its C-1 carboxy oxygen
      atoms. The latter species was prepared by an exchange reaction in which 5
      aminolaevulinate hydrochloride was heated in H218O in an autoclave. A method for
      the determination of the 18O content of the C-1 oxygen atoms of 5
      aminolaevulinate was developed. As a prelude to the mechanistic work, a
      systematic study was undertaken to establish the optimal conditions under which a
      significant proportion of the bacteriochlorophyll a of the two photosynthetic
      organisms originated from the exogenously added 5-aminolaevulinate. It was found
      that, when Rps. spheroides and Rsp. rubrum were grown in the presence of about
      0.15mM- and 1.2mM-5-aminolaevulinate respectively, 30-40% of their chlorophyll
      was derived from the added precursor. In these conditions, 5-amino[1,4
      18O3]laevulinate was incorporated into bacteriochlorophyll aphytyl and
      bacteriochlorophyll ageranylgeranyl by the relevant organisms. The samples of
      chlorophylls were then hydrolysed with alkali to obtain phytol and
      geranylgeraniol, which were converted into the corresponding trimethylsilyl
      derivatives and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were
      used to deduce that the alcohols contained 90-95% of the 18O originally present
      at each of the C-1 oxygen atoms of the precursor 5-aminolaevulinate. In the light
      of these results it is suggested that the ester bond at C-17(3) is formed, not by
      a chlorophyllase type of enzymic reaction, but by a process involving the
      nucleophilic attack by the C-17(3) carboxylate group of the chlorophyllide on the
      activated form of an isoprenyl alcohol.

PMID- 6439194
TI  - The role of polyamine depletion and accumulation of decarboxylated S
      adenosylmethionine in the inhibition of growth of SV-3T3 cells treated with alpha
      difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - The effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase, on cell growth rate, polyamine content and the content of
      decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine in SV-3T3 transformed mouse fibroblasts were
      studied. DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine at 1 mM or higher concentrations
      decreased the growth rate by over 90% after 2 or more days of exposure, but the
      cells remained viable, although quiescent for at least 9 days. Addition of 10
      microM-spermidine or -spermine or 50 microM-putrescine at any time throughout
      this period completely reversed the inhibition of growth. Treatment with alpha
      difluoromethylornithine decreased putrescine and spermidine contents by more than
      98% and that of spermine by 60%, but cells exposed to exogenous polyamines did
      not require complete replenishment of the polyamine pools to resume growth. In
      fact, a virtually normal growth rate was obtained in cells lacking putrescine,
      having 2% of normal spermidine content and 156% of normal spermine. These results
      suggest that the well-known increase in putrescine and spermidine in cells
      stimulated for growth is not essential for this to occur and that mammalian cells
      can utilize spermine as their only polyamine. A substantial reversal of the
      growth-inhibitory effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine was produced by a
      number of polyamines not normally found in mammalian cells, including the
      spermidine analogues aminopropylcadaverine and sym-homospermidine, which were
      partially converted into their respective spermine analogues by addition of an
      aminopropyl group within the cell. The spermine analogue sym-norspermine was also
      effective, but the maximal growth rate produced by these unphysiological
      polyamines was only 60-70% of that produced by the normal polyamines. These
      results indicate that spermidine and spermine have the optimal length for
      activation of the cellular processes critically dependent on polyamines and
      should help in identifying these processes. Exposure to alpha
      difluoromethylornithine leads to an enormous rise in the concentration of
      decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, which reached a peak at 530-fold after 3
      days of exposure and steadily declined to 140-fold after 11 days. This increase
      was abolished by addition of exogenous polyamines, which rapidly decreased the
      activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. The increase in decarboxylated S
      adenosylmethionine is unlikely to be solely responsible for the decrease to the
      same extent by spermine, sym-norspermidine and sym-homospermidine, which produce
      97%, 16% and 60% of the control growth rate, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6439195
TI  - Two immunologically distinct Yc-type subunits are present in rat lung glutathione
      S-transferases.
AB  - Two types of 25 000-Mr subunits are present in rat lung glutathione S-transferase
      I (pI 8.8). These subunits, designated Yc and Yc', are immunologically and
      functionally distinct from each other. The homodimers YcYc (pI 10.4) and Yc'Yc'
      (pI 7.6) obtained by hybridization in vitro of the two subunits of glutathione S
      transferase I (pI 8.8) were isolated and characterized. Results of these studies
      indicate that only the Yc subunits express glutathione peroxidase activity and
      cross-react with the antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferase B (YaYc)
      or rat liver. The Yc' subunits do not express glutathione peroxidase activity and
      do not cross-react with the antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferase B
      of rat liver. The amino acid compositions of these two subunits are also
      different. These two subunits can also be separated by the two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis of glutathione S-transferase I (pI 8.8) of rat lung.

PMID- 6439196
TI  - Evidence for essential lysines in heparin cofactor II.
AB  - Covalent modification with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was used to study the function
      of lysyl residues in heparin cofactor II, a heparin-dependent plasma protease
      inhibitor. Reduction of the Schiff base with sodium borohydride resulted in
      modification of 3-4 lysyl residues of heparin cofactor II at high concentrations
      of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, one of which was protected in the presence of heparin.
      The antithrombin activity of modified heparin cofactor II was enhanced compared
      to the native protein. However, the heparin cofactor activity for thrombin
      inhibition was reduced significantly or completely eliminated in the modified
      protease inhibitor depending on the extent of phosphopyridoxylation. In contrast
      to native heparin cofactor II, the modified protease inhibitor did not bind to a
      heparin-agarose column. The results suggest that lysyl residues are essential for
      heparin cofactor activity during thrombin inhibition.

PMID- 6439197
TI  - Inability of skin enzyme preparations to biosynthesize arachidonic acid from
      linoleic acid.
AB  - The lack of any information as to the origin of epidermal arachidonic acid, an
      important precursor of eicosanoids in the epidermis, prompted us to determine in
      vitro whether or not microsomal preparations from rat and guinea pig epidermis
      possess the delta 6 and delta 5 desaturase activities. The incubations were
      performed in parallel with microsomal preparations from liver of these animals
      where activities for these enzymes have previously been reported. The conversions
      of radioactive fatty acids were determined after methylation and separation of
      the 14C-fatty acid methyl esters by argentation thin layer chromatography. Data
      from these studies demonstrated that delta 5 desaturase activity is markedly
      lower in guinea pig liver than in rat liver. Interestingly, preparations from rat
      and guinea pig epidermis at all concentrations tested lacked the capacity to
      transform either linoleic acid into gammalinolenic acid or dihomogammalinolenic
      acid into arachidonic acid. This observation implies that arachidonic acid that
      is present in the epidermal phospholipids is biosynthesized elsewhere
      endogenously and transported to the epidermis for esterification into the
      phospholipids. The site of this biosynthesis is presumably the liver and the mode
      of transport to the epidermis remains to be determined. These studies indicate
      arachidonic acid per se as an essential fatty acid for the epidermis.

PMID- 6439198
TI  - Cathepsins J and K: high molecular weight cysteine proteinases from human
      tissues.
AB  - Human tissue extracts contained two high Mr proteinases active in hydrolyzing the
      fluorogenic substrate Cbz-phe-arg-aminomethylcoumarin. By gel filtration
      chromatography, cathepsins J and K had apparent molecular weights of 230,000 and
      650,000, respectively. Both enzymes were cysteine proteinases with optimum
      activity at pH 6.2-6.8; neither had aminopeptidase activity. Human kidney, lung
      and spleen were rich sources of these enzymes, while liver contained moderate
      amounts. Cathepsins J and K were partially characterized and appeared to differ
      from the mammalian high Mr cysteine proteinases described in the literature. In
      rat liver and kidney and in mouse liver, cathepsin J was localized in the
      particulate fraction, whereas cathepsin K was not detected in these tissues.

PMID- 6439199
TI  - Rabbit lung flavin-containing monooxygenase is immunochemically and catalytically
      distinct from the liver enzyme.
AB  - Flavin-containing monooxygenase has been purified to homogeneity from lung
      microsomes of pregnant rabbits. Antibody to rabbit lung flavin-containing
      monooxygenase was raised in guinea pig. Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis
      with this antibody produced precipitin lines of identity with the purified rabbit
      lung enzyme and lung microsomes from pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits. No cross
      reaction was seen with liver microsomes from rabbit or with purified pig liver
      enzyme. The tricyclic antidepressant drugs, imipramine and chlorpromazine, are
      not substrates for the rabbit lung enzyme, whereas they are rapidly oxidized by
      the pig liver enzyme. These results indicate that rabbit lung and liver flavin
      containing monooxygenases differ in substrate specificity, are immunochemically
      distinct proteins, and may be different gene products.

PMID- 6439200
TI  - Kinetic analyses of the effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on vascular
      cyclooxygenase activity in vitro.
AB  - Kinetic analyses were performed to understand the mechanism of hyperoxic induced
      inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis by human umbilical arteries. Brief exposure
      of arterial segments to oxygen resulted in over 30% decrease in Vmax of
      cyclooxygenase in treated vessels. In contrast, cyclooxygenase from hypoxic
      arterial segments showed approximately a 49% increase in Vmax. There were no
      significant differences in apparent Km values. These studies suggest that the
      decreased production of prostacyclin by hyperoxic tissue is due to cyclooxygenase
      inactivation.

PMID- 6439201
TI  - Factor IXa protects activated factor VIII against inactivation by activated
      protein C.
AB  - The effect of activated protein C on human coagulation factor VIII was evaluated
      by studying its effect on the intrinsic factor X activation using a system of
      purified coagulation factors (factor IXa, factor X, factor VIII, activated
      protein C). Activated protein C had no effect on the activation of factor X by
      factor IXa in the absence of factor VIII. In the presence of thrombin activated
      factor VIII the rate of factor X activation was decreased by activated protein C
      in a dose dependent way. The presence of factor IXa during the preincubation of
      factor VIII with activated protein C was found to protect the factor VIII against
      inactivation. The results suggest that activated protein C and factor IXa compete
      for the same part of the factor VIII molecule.

PMID- 6439202
TI  - Chlorpromazine: a potential anticancer agent?
AB  - The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine causes scission of the DNA in PY815 mouse
      mastocytoma cells or isolated PY815 cell nuclei and the broken DNA reseals when
      chlorpromazine is removed from nuclei. These properties suggest that
      chlorpromazine interferes with topoisomerase action as do several other DNA
      intercalating anti-cancer drugs. However, protein is not associated with the
      broken DNA after chlorpromazine treatment suggesting a different mode of action
      on the topoisomerase. Reasons why chlorpromazine may have potential as anti
      cancer agent are considered.

PMID- 6439203
TI  - Inhibition of growth of Mycoplasma dispar by DL-alpha-difluoromethyllsine, a
      selective irreversible inhibitor of lysine decarboxylase, and reversal by
      cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane).
AB  - DL-alpha-Difluoromethyllysine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of lysine
      decarboxylase from Mycoplasma dispar. The inhibition appeared to be specific
      since neither difluoromethylornithine nor difluoromethylarginine, known to
      inhibit other decarboxylases, inhibited the reaction catalyzed by lysine
      decarboxylase in extracts of M. dispar. Inhibition was irreversible since
      extensive dialysis could not overcome the inhibitory effect exerted by
      difluoromethyllysine. Difluoromethyllysine (1 mM) also totally blocked the growth
      of M. dispar when added at the beginning of the growth period, while 1 mM
      cadaverine, the product of the reaction, reversed this inhibitory effect when
      added to the culture medium. When difluoromethyllysine was added during the
      logarithmic growth phase of Mycoplasma, it inhibited the increase of the growth;
      1 mM cadaverine again partially reversed this inhibitory action.

PMID- 6439204
TI  - Phorbol esters as probes of the regulation of thyrotropin secretion.
AB  - 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and thyrotropin releasing hormone were
      compared as thyrotropin secretagogues in cultured rat pituitary cells. The
      maximal secretion evoked by the former was only half that evoked by the latter.
      A23187 plus 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate together produced as large a
      response as thyrotropin releasing hormone. Triiodothyronine inhibited phorbol
      ester-induced thyrotropin secretion, and this inhibition required protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 6439205
TI  - Induction of deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase of Bacillus cereus by
      deoxyribonucleosides.
AB  - In Bacillus cereus purine ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides share a common
      inducible catabolic pathway, leading to the formation of ribose-5-P or
      deoxyribose-5-P respectively inside the cell, while the purine ring remains in
      the external medium. Both ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides are inducers of
      adenosine deaminase, inosine-guanosine phosphorylase and phosphopentomutase, the
      enzymes of the catabolic pathway. We now show that deoxyribonucleosides, but not
      ribonucleosides, induce the aldolase specific for deoxyribose-5-P (2-deoxy-D
      ribose-5-phosphate acetaldehyde lyase, EC 4.1.2.4), thus allowing the sugar
      moiety of exogenous deoxyribonucleosides to be utilized as an energy source.

PMID- 6439206
TI  - Increased DNA polymerase beta-activity in different regions of aging rat brain.
AB  - The DNA polymerase activity in white matter, grey matter, and cerebellar regions
      of developing and aging rat brains was studied. The enzyme exhibited its highest
      activity during the early developmental stages with a decline to a low adult
      value by 225 days of age. However, the activity once again increased between 225
      and 540 days, thus showing a second peak in the latter part of the life span.
      Studies with specific inhibitors like Aphidicolin and 2',3' dideoxy thymidine-5'
      triphosphate on the enzyme activity have revealed that this rise in the DNA
      polymerase activity in various regions studied was mainly due to an increase in
      the polymerase beta type. These results may explain the enhanced DNA content in
      aging rat brain observed earlier in this laboratory.

PMID- 6439207
TI  - The distribution of microsomal glutathione transferase among different
      organelles, different organs, and different organisms.
AB  - In the present study we have used both enzyme assay with 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene as substrate and immunochemical quantitation to examine the
      distribution of microsomal glutathione transferase in different organelles, in
      different organs, and in different organisms. This enzyme was found to constitute
      3% and 5%, respectively, of the total protein recovered in the microsomal and
      outer mitochondrial membrane fractions from rat liver. Microsomal glutathione
      transferase present in other subcellular fractions can be accounted for by
      contamination by the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast to the situation with rat
      liver microsomes the glutathione transferase activities of microsomes from
      extrahepatic tissues of this same animal could not be activated by treatment with
      N-ethylmaleimide. Nonetheless, significant albeit low levels of a protein with
      the same molecular weight and immunochemical properties as the rat liver enzyme
      could be detected in microsomes from several extrahepatic tissues, notably the
      intestine, the adrenal, and the testis. Of those mammals for which fresh liver
      could be obtained, all demonstrated N-ethylmaleimide-activatable glutathione
      transferase activity in their liver microsomes. On the other hand,
      representatives for fish, birds, and amphibia did not demonstrate such
      activatable transferase activity in their liver microsomes. Toad was the only
      species that had a notable (twofold) sex difference in their level of hepatic
      microsomal glutathione transferase activity.

PMID- 6439208
TI  - Prolonged activation of rat lung ornithine decarboxylase in monocrotaline-induced
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Polyamines are believed to have an essential role in cellular growth and
      differentiation. Activation of ornithine decarboxylase, the initial rate-limiting
      enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is an early event characteristic of cell growth
      processes. Monocrotaline-induced pneumotoxicity is associated with cellular
      hypertrophy and proliferation, most notably pronounced medial thickening of
      pulmonary arterioles and hypertrophy of right ventricular myocardial cells. We
      reasoned that polyamines may be causally related to these events and, therefore,
      elevations in lung and right ventricular ornithine decarboxylase activities might
      precede development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.
      To test this hypothesis adult male rats were given monocrotaline (105 mg/kg,
      s.c.); lung and right and left ventricular ornithine decarboxylase activities,
      pulmonary artery pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy were assessed at 1,
      4, 7, 10, 14, 16 and 21 days post treatment. Lung ornithine decarboxylase
      activity was increased approximately 8-fold on day 1 and remained elevated
      through day 7. Right ventricular ornithine decarboxylase activity was not
      elevated above control values at any time. Elevated pulmonary artery pressure and
      right ventricular hypertrophy were not apparent until day 16 and day 14
      respectively. Thus, sustained activation of lung ornithine decarboxylase occurred
      at least 1 week prior to the development of pulmonary hypertension, suggesting
      that polyamines may play an important role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling
      that accompanies monocrotaline-induced pneumotoxicity.

PMID- 6439209
TI  - Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Post-microsomal supernatants from Drosophila melanogaster and rat liver
      homogenates were investigated with respect to their glutathione S-transferase
      (GST) activity. It appeared that the Drosophila transferase did not conjugate the
      epoxides styrene-7,8-oxide and 1,2 epoxy-3(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane. Attempts to
      isolate the Drosophila GST isozymes by means of the well-documented method for
      the purification of the rat liver transferases failed, because the Drosophila
      transferases did not bind to CM-cellulose. Purification by subsequent ion
      exchange on DEAE-cellulose, molecular sieving on Sephadex G-100 and
      hydroxylapatite chromatography, revealed three active fractions from Drosophila
      cytosol and five active fractions from rat liver cytosol, using 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene as the electrophilic substrate. None of the Drosophila active
      fractions catalyzed the conjugation of glutathione with the epoxides mentioned.
      It is concluded that there are important differences between the GST systems of
      both species, resulting in differences in the metabolic fate of chemicals that
      are substrates for glutathione conjugation. This has to be taken into account in
      the evaluation of genotoxicity testing in Drosophila of potentially harmful
      compounds.

PMID- 6439210
TI  - Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions by chlortetracycline.
AB  - Chortetracycline (CTC) inhibits chemotaxis, exocytosis and metabolic burst in
      rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), when these cells are activated in the
      absence of extracellular Ca2+. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+ CTC has
      little or no inhibiting effect on these functions. The inhibiting effect of CTC
      in the absence of Ca2+ occurs at concentrations which are not cytolytic. The
      inhibiting effect of CTC can be reversed by washing the cells or by addition of
      Ca2+ or Mg2+ to CTC-pretreated cells. Inhibition of the metabolic burst by CTC
      depends on the activator used. When phorbolmyristate acetate is used to activate
      the cells, the metabolic burst is inhibited at lower CTC concentrations than with
      chemotactic peptide as an activator. With due observance of the chemical
      properties of CTC and literature data about the requirement of intracellular Ca2+
      for neutrophil functions, the results obtained are consistent with the view that
      CTC interferes with neutrophil functions, by complexing intracellular Ca2+, and
      that this inhibition is reversed when sufficient extracellular Ca2+ moves into
      the cell.

PMID- 6439211
TI  - Kinetic study and intermediates identification of noradrenaline oxidation by
      tyrosinase.
AB  - Characterization of intermediates formed in the noradrenaline oxidation by
      mushroom tyrosinase and sodium periodate has been performed by rapid scanning
      spectrophotometry and graphical analysis of obtained spectra. In a pH range from
      5.0 to 6.0, it has been possible to detect o-noradrenalinequinone-H+ as the first
      intermediate in these oxidations. The following steps for noradrenaline
      transformation into noradrenochrome would be: noradrenaline----o
      noradrenalinequinone-H+----o- noradrenalinequinone----leukonoradrenochrome---
      noradreno chrome. It has been also verified that o-noradrenalinequinone-H+ is
      transformed into noradrenochrome at a constant ratio. The stoichiometry for this
      converstion followed the equation: 2-noradrenalinequinone-H+----noradrenaline +
      noradrenochrome. The pathway between noradrenaline and noradrenochrome has been
      studied as a system of various chemical reactions coupled to an enzymatic
      reaction. We have denominated this type of mechanism as an enzymatic-chemical
      chemical mechanism, (E2CC). Whole rate constants for the implicated chemical
      steps at different pH and temperature values have been evaluated from measurement
      of the lag period arising from the accumulation of noradrenochrome that takes
      place when noradrenaline was oxidized at pH 5-6. The lag period was independent
      on enzyme concentration, but was increased when pH and/or temperature were
      increased. Rate constants pH independent for the deprotonation of
      noradrenalinequinone-H+ into noradrenalinequinone and for the internal
      cyclization of noradrenalinequinone into leukonoradrenochrome have been obtained.
      We conclude that this minor pathway of noradrenaline oxidation by tyrosinase
      follows a scheme similar to that established for L-dopa.

PMID- 6439212
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene-hydroxylase catalyzed by purified isozymes of cytochrome P-450
      from beta-naphthoflavone-fed rainbow trout.
AB  - We have purified five isozymes of liver microsomal (LM) P-450 from beta
      naphthoflavone-fed rainbow trout. Four forms (LM3, LM1, LM4a and LMx) were
      resolved on DEAE-Sepharose. Chromatography on hydroxylapatite further resolved
      LMx into two components, LM2 and LM4b. This latter form, obtained in highest
      yield (5%), had an apparent minimum molecular weight (Mr), as determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), of 58,000,
      a specific content of 11.9 nmoles/mg, a lambda max in the carbon monoxide
      ligated, reduced difference spectrum of 447.0 nm, and was active towards
      benzo[a]pyrene in a reconstituted system. A second form, LM4a, obtained in a
      final yield of 2%, had a specific content of 10.3 and was indistinguishable from
      Lm4b by Mr, lambda max, or activity towards benzo[a]pyrene. Form LM2 (2% yield)
      had a specific content of 10.8, a Mr of 54,000, a lambda max of 449.5 nm, and was
      not effective in reconstitution of benzo[a]pyrene-hydroxylase. In addition, two
      other forms with lower specific contents were obtained, LM1 and LM3. Neither LM1
      nor LM3 was active towards benzo[a]pyrene. The properties of LM2, LM4a and LM4b
      were further examined with the aid of antibodies prepared from rabbits.
      Antibodies to LM4a and LM4b each cross-reacted with the other antigen and formed
      lines of identity on Ouchterlony plates, and both IgGs exhibited some cross
      reaction to P-448 from rat. Neither antibody cross-reacted with trout LM2, and
      LM2-IgG did not cross-react with any other purified P-450. Benzo[a]pyrene
      hydroxylase, catalyzed by either LM4a or LM4b, was inhibited by LM4b-IgG but not
      by LM4a-IgG, suggesting that these antibodies recognize different antigenic
      sites. Further comparison of LM4a and LM4b by amino acid composition, peptide
      mapping, kinetic properties, sensitivity to alpha-naphthoflavone, and
      regioselectivity towards benzo[a]pyrene-dihydrodiol formation indicates that
      these forms are highly similar in structure and function.

PMID- 6439213
TI  - Glucuronic acid conjugation by hepatic microsomal fractions isolated from
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - The hepatic glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and 4-nitrophenol (3-methylcholanthrene
      inducible substrates of glucuronyltransferase, GT 1) was found to be deficient in
      freshly prepared untreated "native" microsomes from streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic male rats. The defect was not observed in female rats. Moreover, the
      glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and 4-nitrophenol was higher in "native" microsomes
      from male control rats than in those from female controls. This sex difference in
      the glucuronidation of the GT 1 substrates was abolished by detergent activation
      of the transferase enzyme in vitro. Streptozotocin treatment did not alter the
      glucuronidation of paracetamol or phenolphthalein (phenobarbitone inducible
      substrates for GT 2). This diabetes-induced defect in the glucuronidation of GT 1
      substrates was abolished by insulin treatment of the animals and was diminished
      or completely abolished by detergent activation of the transferase enzyme in
      vitro. Increased membrane constraint is proposed as the mechanism responsible for
      the transferase defect. 3-Methylcholanthrene induction abolished the
      streptozotocin-induced defect in 4-nitrophenol glucuronidation, whereas
      phenobarbitone did not. This is attributed to the differential effect of these
      inducers on the microsomal membrane.

PMID- 6439214
TI  - Hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Japanese quail. Effect of pretreatment
      with phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone.
AB  - In an effort to determine the role that metabolism by the cytochrome P-450 system
      plays in the development of hexachlorobenzene (HCB)-induced porphyria, Japanese
      quail were pretreated with either beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) or phenobarbital (PB)
      and then treated with HCB. PB or BNF pretreatment appeared to have no effect on
      the response of quail hepatic enzymes to HCB. There were no differences between
      the two groups in either the content of cytochrome P-450 or the activities of
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, glutathione transferase (microsomal or cytosolic),
      ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase or ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase following HCB
      treatment. These pretreatments did, however, markedly influence the development
      of porphyria in quail. BNF-treated birds had higher delta-aminolevulinic acid
      synthetase (ALA-S) activities and developed porphyria much more rapidly than
      birds treated with HCB alone. Birds pretreated with PB did not exhibit porphyria
      even following 10 days of HCB. Although the ALA-S activities in this group were
      elevated slightly following HCB, they were about one-half of those seen in the
      BNF-pretreated HCB-treated group. These results may reflect a difference between
      the PB and BNF groups in the production of a porphyrogenic metabolite of HCB.

PMID- 6439215
TI  - 2,2-Dimethyl-5-t-butyl-1,3-benzodioxole: an unusual inducer of microsomal
      enzymes.
AB  - Our previous studies have shown that 2,2-dimethyl-5-t-butyl-1,3-benzodioxole
      (DBBD), a methylenedioxyphenyl (MDP) analog in which the methylene hydrogens have
      been replaced by methyl groups, does not form an inhibitory complex with
      cytochrome P-450 nor induce this cytochrome. However, in the present experiments,
      DBBD-treated male Dub:ICR mice showed an increase in NADPH-dependent cytochrome c
      (P-450) reductase and epoxide hydrolase activity. This separation of cytochrome P
      450 induction from the induction of epoxide hydrolase and NADPH-dependent
      cytochrome c (P-450) reductase appears to be unique among inducers of xenobiotic
      metabolizing enzymes. In similar experiments, mice were treated with
      phenobarbital + DBBD or 3-methylcholanthrene + DBBD and the following parameters
      were measured: cytochrome P-450 content; NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome
      c; ethylmorphine and benzphetamine N-demethylase; 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase;
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase; and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase. The microsomal
      proteins were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Phenobarbital + DBBD treatment gave results
      which did not differ significantly from those obtained with phenobarbital alone.
      In contrast, cytochrome P-450 content and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and
      ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities were less in mice treated with 3
      methylcholanthrene + DBBD than in animals treated with 3-methylcholanthrene
      alone. SDS-PAGE confirmed that induction of cytochrome P-450 by 3
      methylcholanthrene was reduced by DBBD, suggesting that the latter compound may
      be an antagonist to the Ah cytosolic receptor.

PMID- 6439216
TI  - Inhibition of the estradiol-induced growth of cultured human breast cancer cells
      by the anti-estrogens tamoxifen, desmethyl-tamoxifen, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and
      enclomiphene.
AB  - The growth effects of tamoxifen (T), desmethyl-tamoxifen (dMeT), 4-hydroxy
      tamoxifen (OHT) and enclomiphene (Clo) on cultured human breast cancer cell lines
      have been related to published binding affinities for the estrogen receptor. Only
      in cells which were stimulated by estrogens did these anti-estrogens markedly
      inhibit growth. In both estrogen sensitive cell lines tested, 734 B and ZR 75.1,
      the anti-estrogen activity showed the identical rank: OHT much greater than Clo
      approximately equal to T = dMeT; this anti-proliferative potency agrees with
      reported affinities of these compounds for the estrogen receptor. In culture
      media containing defined amounts of estradiol we observed that a 10,000-fold
      molar excess of OHT was required to inhibit the estradiol-induced growth, but the
      estradiol-independent proliferation was not affected.

PMID- 6439217
TI  - The interaction between two forms of cytochrome P-450 during drug oxidation in
      the reconstituted system containing limited amount of NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase.
AB  - The activities of drug oxidation in a reconstituted system which contains two
      forms of cytochrome P-450 and a limiting amount of NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase were determined. Cytochrome P-450 (termed MC P-4481 and MC P-4482)
      purified from liver microsomes of 3-methyl-cholanthrene-treated rats was active
      in both 2- and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl but cytochrome P-450 (termed PB P-450)
      purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats was active in 4
      hydroxylation of biphenyl only. PB P-450, MC P-4481 and MC P-4482 were most
      active toward benzphetamine N-demethylation, aniline hydroxylation and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, respectively. PB P-450 inhibited the activity of
      biphenyl 2-hydroxylation supported by MC P-4481 or MC P-4482. On the contrary, no
      inhibition of PB P-450 supported benzphetamine N-demethylation was observed when
      MC P-4481 or MC P-4482 was added to the system containing PB P-450 and limited
      amount of the reductase. The apparent Km of PB P-450 for the reductase obtained
      from double reciprocal plot of the reductase concentration and the activity of
      biphenyl hydroxylase or benzphetamine N-demethylation was lower than that of MC P
      4481 or MC P-4482. These and other results suggest that there is a certain
      hierarchy among the cytochrome P-450 species for receiving electrons from
      reductase.

PMID- 6439218
TI  - Inhibition of histamine synthesis in vitro and in vivo by S-alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine.
AB  - (S)-alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH) is a Kcat or "suicide-substrate"
      inhibitor of partially purified mammalian histidine decarboxylase; i.e. the agent
      is converted enzymatically to a more active form which effects a time-dependent,
      irreversible inhibition. Incubation of a alpha-FMH[4-3H] with enzyme and
      pyridoxal phosphate resulted in an apparently irreversible labeling of protein,
      with no demonstratable formation of free-amine product, suggesting a very low to
      non-existent turnover ratio. alpha-FMH was accumulated in isolated mastocytoma
      cells and effected a time-dependent inhibition of the conversion histidine[3H]---
      histamine[3H], the latter product having a markedly different distribution
      between cells and medium than the pre-existing histamine pool. Inhibition of
      whole-body histidine decarboxylase activity, as specifically measured by alpha
      methylhistidine-14COOH----14CO2, was also time dependent. Concomitant reduction
      in histamine levels was seen only in the rapidly turning-over pools of stomach
      and brain. However, over the course of 13 weeks of chronic treatment, depletion
      of the relatively inert mast-cell histamine pool(s) was seen as well.

PMID- 6439219
TI  - Central side effects of pentamethylmelamine: biochemical and behavioural studies.
AB  - The central side effects of pentamethylmelamine (PMM), an antitumoral agent, were
      studied on brain neurotransmitters from the biochemical and behavioural points of
      view. PMM causes a dose-related reduction in the body temperature and motility of
      mice. 100 mg/kg of PMM lowers the levels of noradrenaline (NA) and raises 3
      methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) in the telencephalon. A similar dose
      increased striatal levels of dopamine (DA) metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA)
      and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), at earlier times (30 min), reducing their
      levels at 2 hr. These effects disappear at longer times (4 hr). No changes were
      observed in the levels of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), the extraneuronal metabolite
      of DA. The serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) was almost not
      affected. PMM and its metabolites do not displace [3H]-spiroperidol from mouse
      striatal binding sites. These data show that some of the neurological effects
      induced by PMM are associated with changes in the metabolism and/or release of
      brain catecholamines but are not mediated by direct action on DA receptors.

PMID- 6439220
TI  - [Interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase B with flavin mononucleotide and
      its analogs].
AB  - The inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase B by FMN and its
      analogues with substituents in the positions 6 and 8 has been studied. Inhibiting
      action of FMN is manifested in reducing the limiting rate of enzymic reaction and
      in increasing the half-saturation concentration of AMP. The inhibitor half
      saturation values (in microM) increase in the following order: FMN (13,5), 6
      bromo-FMN (27), 8 alpha-hydroxy-FMN (30), 8-dimethylamino(nor)-FMN (33), 6-(N
      acetyl-L-cysteine-S-yl)-FMN (44), 6-amino-FMN (96), 8-hydroxy(nor)-FMN (109), 6
      nitro-FMN (170), 8 alpha-(N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-yl)-FMN (260). The existence of
      the glycogen phosphorylase B complexes with FMN or its analogues has been proved
      by spectrophotometry and sedimentation in analytical ultracentrifuge. FMN has
      been shown to hinder AMP-induced transition of dimeric form of the enzyme to
      tetrameric one. AMP at high concentrations has been found to inhibit glycogen
      phosphorylase B.

PMID- 6439221
TI  - [Statistical weights of conformers of thyroliberin molecule and the averaging of
      its calculated structural characteristics].
AB  - A statistical ensemble of thyroliberin conformations has been generated using
      Monte-Carlo techniques. The averaged vicinal coupling constants for the peptide
      backbone and His side chain, percentage of prolyl cis-isomers and characteristics
      of possible intramolecular hydrogen bonds have been calculated. The obtained mean
      values are in good agreement with the experimental results. This fact indicates
      that the generated statistical ensemble is similar to the true one and evidences
      against the existence in solution of a single unique structure of thyroliberin.

PMID- 6439222
TI  - [Effect of the modification of carboxylic groups in protohemin IX on the
      properties of endoperoxide prostaglandin synthetase].
AB  - The effect of protohemin IX and its modified analogs (monomethyl ester, dimethyl
      ester, as well as monoamides with Val-Phe-OCH3 or Leu-His-OCH3) has been examined
      on the activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from sheep vesicular
      glands (PGH-synthetase, EC 1.14.99.1, isolated as apoenzyme). For holoenzymes
      having the above compounds as prosthetic groups, the dissociation constants,
      relative activities and the apparent inactivation constants in the course of the
      reaction have been determined. The effect of Tween 20 on the indicated parameters
      for holoenzymes with protohemin IX and its mono- and dimethyl esters has been
      studied. Modification of one of the two carboxylic groups of protohemin IX
      markedly increases the dissociation constant for the respective holoenzyme and
      virtually does not affect catalytic activity. Modification of both carboxylic
      groups of protohemin IX hinder the binding with the apoenzyme and strongly
      reduces the catalytic activity of the holoenzyme.

PMID- 6439223
TI  - Altered expression of complement receptors as a pathogenetic factor in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6439224
TI  - Evaluation of a new antacid, almagate.
AB  - Almagate (Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax), a crystalline hydrated aluminium
      magnesium hydroxycarbonate, was compared with a number of other known antacids in
      a battery of tests designed to demonstrate the properties of an ideal antacid. In
      dynamic tests for measurement of velocity of neutralization, total acid consuming
      capacity and duration of activity, almagate like other crystalline aluminium
      magnesium hydroxide derivatives such as hydrotalcite and magaldrate was rapidly
      acting, neutralized a high proportion of its theoretical acid consumption and
      maintained gastric pH between 3 and 5 for a prolonged period of time. It was more
      active than these two substances in respect of rapidity of action and did not
      lose antacid activity as the pH was raised. Like these compounds it had
      considerable advantages over the amorphous gels and co-gels of aluminium and
      magnesium hydroxides or hydroxycarbonates in respect of both rapidity of action
      and acid consuming capacity. It inhibited the activity of pepsin and was shown to
      adsorb bile acids and had a low sodium content.

PMID- 6439225
TI  - Comparison of the antacid properties of almagate and aluminium hydroxide against
      pentagastrin-induced gastric secretion in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The potency of a new antacid, almagate (hydrated aluminium-magnesium
      hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6 (OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax) has been compared with that
      of aluminium hydroxide in neutralizing pentagastrin-induced hyperacidity in
      healthy human volunteers. Almagate (1 g) produced a significantly (p less than
      0.01) greater reduction (87.5%) in the titratable acid content of gastric
      aspirates than did an identical dose of aluminium hydroxide (45.1%). Similarly
      the pepsin proteolytic activity in the samples of gastric juice was reduced 58.9%
      by almagate and only 27.5% by aluminium hydroxide. Furthermore the neutralizing
      effect of almagate was more prolonged (90 min) than that of the standard antacid
      (30 min) and these first studies in man have therefore confirmed the findings of
      in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments.

PMID- 6439226
TI  - Effect of disodium cromoglycate on the action of bronchoactive agents in guinea
      pig tracheal strips.
AB  - The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the action of various bronchoactive
      agents was investigated using isolated guinea-pig tracheal strips. DSCG
      attenuated the acetylcholine-induced contractile responses and shifted the dose
      response curve of acetylcholine downward. It also attenuated the histamine-,
      serotonin-, bradykinin- and PGF2 alpha-induced contractile responses dose
      dependently. On the other hand, DSCG potentiated the isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
      , epinephrine-, PGE2- and salbutamol-induced relaxation responses, and shifted
      these dose-response curves downward. Such a shift became dominant by increasing
      the dose of DSCG. The above results suggest that DSCG might have a direct action
      on bronchial smooth muscle in addition to the inhibition of the release of
      chemical mediators from mast cells.

PMID- 6439227
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of 4,9-dioxo-5,10-diazatetradecane (CM 40142), a new GABA
      derivative, in mice and photosensitive baboons).
AB  - The authors describe the anticonvulsant activity of a new gamma-amino-butyric
      acid (GABA) derivative in several animal models of generalized epilepsy including
      photoepileptic baboons. In all the studies, 4,9-dioxo-5,10-diazatetradecane (CM
      40 142) revealed potencies against chemically, electrically and photic-induced
      seizures very similar to those observed with sodium valproate. In chemically
      elicited seizures in mice, CM 40142 exhibited a higher potency than sodium
      valproate in antagonizing anti-GABAergic agents. Although CM 40142 was
      synthesized as a compound which would cross the blood-brain barrier and liberate
      GABA within the central nervous system, preliminary biochemical investigations in
      mice failed to demonstrate a rise in brain GABA levels after treatment with CM
      40142. Furthermore, CM 40142 increased spontaneous motility in mice at
      anticonvulsant doses. The data suggest that CM 40142 could be a broad spectrum
      nonsedative antiepileptic agent.

PMID- 6439228
TI  - Remarks on the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis infection.
AB  - A number of techniques have been developed for the diagnosis of Clonorchis
      sinensis infection. Although the most reliable technique for this infection are
      the various stool examinations in the laboratory, practical problems such as
      difficulties of stool collection and mass examinations need more applicable
      methods for epidemiological studies. During past decades some serologic and
      immunologic methods such as intradermal skin test, gel-diffusion technique,
      complement fixation test, haemagglutination test, fluorescent antibody test and
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been introduced for the diagnosis
      of clonorchiasis in Korea, but satisfactory results have not been obtained
      especially in field work because of the lack of available purified antigen. From
      this viewpoint it is essential to undertake careful isolation and purification of
      specific antigens. Recently ELISA has been well established as a micro-system for
      mass survey. In spite of the complexity of its procedures in contrast to the skin
      test the results obtained explain its importance. In this paper available
      serologic and immunologic methods for the diagnosis of clonorchiasis used at the
      Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, are reviewed, and the
      results from skin test and ELISA are compared and discussed.

PMID- 6439229
TI  - On the role of hippocampal connections in the performance of place and cue tasks:
      comparisons with damage to hippocampus.
AB  - Behavioral changes following interruption of the main connections of hippocampus
      and closely related areas (entorhinal cortex, mammillary bodies, dentate gyrus)
      were determined and compared with findings of previous research that involved
      direct damage to hippocampus. By a within-subjects design, rats were trained to
      run in a radial maze with a procedure that involved two kinds of learning (place
      and cue) and two memory functions (working and reference memory). Rats with
      fimbria-fornix and entorhinal cortex lesions were impaired on both the place and
      the cue task. Specifically, the animals suffered a general impairment in working
      memory on both tasks but were impaired in reference memory only on the place
      task. Animals with lesions of the dentate gyrus and mammillary bodies were able
      to perform the complex place and cue tasks with minimal problems. In previous
      research it was found that direct damage to hippocampus (including all cell
      fields, alveus, fimbria) resulted in impaired performance only on the place task
      (Jarrard, 1983). Taken together, these findings indicate that interruption of
      hippocampal input/output pathways and/or damaging some closely related structures
      has a greater effect on the behaviors studied than does direct damage to
      hippocampus.

PMID- 6439230
TI  - Kinetic properties of beta-galactosidase in Morquio B disease.
AB  - Some kinetic Properties of beta-galactosidase in crude extracts of cultured
      fibroblasts obtained from patients with Morquio B disease, GM1-gangliosidosis and
      from the controls were compared. The main defect in Morquio B seems to be the
      lowering of enzyme affinity to the substrates, while in the case of GM1
      gangliosidosis of infantile type 1 a dramatic decrease of Vmax value concomitant
      with normal KM value was observed. Based on these observations possible
      interpretations of the clinical picture are discussed.

PMID- 6439231
TI  - [Classification and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage].

PMID- 6439232
TI  - Antagonists to the benzodiazepines.

PMID- 6439234
TI  - Bronchodilator effect of disodium cromoglycate administered as a dry powder in
      exercise induced asthma.
AB  - A double-blind, placebo controlled study of the effects of disodium cromoglycate
      (DSCG), administered as a dry powder via the spinhaler, in established exercise
      induced asthma, was carried out. DSCG resulted in an increase in the rate of
      recovery compared with placebo. The findings confirm that DSCG has bronchodilator
      properties.

PMID- 6439233
TI  - Prophylaxis against ventricular arrhythmias in suspected acute myocardial
      infarction: a comparison of tocainide and disopyramide.
AB  - Five hundred and seventy one patients admitted to a coronary care unit with
      suspected acute myocardial infarction were considered for entry into a double
      blind study. Two hundred and eighty-three patients were excluded, mainly because
      of recent treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, life threatening
      arrhythmias requiring specific treatment and left ventricular failure presenting
      with hypotension or pulmonary oedema. Two hundred and eighty-eight entered the
      trial of whom 202 were subsequently confirmed to have had myocardial infarction.
      The effects of tocainide and disopyramide on ventricular arrhythmias were
      compared with placebo over the first 48 h period. The three treatments were given
      by a combination of intravenous infusion and oral administration. The doses used
      were tocainide 500 mg intravenously over 30 min plus 2800 mg orally over 48 h and
      disopyramide 150 mg intravenously over 30 min plus 1050 mg orally over 48 h. As
      judged by counts of ventricular premature beats, tocainide and disopyramide
      exerted a similar and significant antiarrhythmic effect. The median number of
      ventricular premature beats over the first 24 h of treatment was 58 on placebo
      compared with 30 on tocainide (P less than 0.05) and 19 on disopyramide (P less
      than 0.05). The corresponding figures for the second 24 h were 9, 6 and 2,
      respectively. There were eight deaths and three episodes of ventricular
      fibrillation with no significant differences between the three treatment groups.
      Sustained ventricular tachycardia was observed in one patient in the tocainide
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439235
TI  - Functional dysphonia and the hyperventilation syndrome.

PMID- 6439236
TI  - Inactivation of the dadB Salmonella typhimurium alanine racemase by D and L
      isomers of beta-substituted alanines: kinetics, stoichiometry, active site
      peptide sequencing, and reaction mechanism.
AB  - The pyridoxal phosphate dependent Salmonella typhimurium dadB alanine racemase
      was inactivated with D- and L-beta-fluoroalanine, D- and L-beta-chloroalanine,
      and O-acetyl-D-serine. Enzyme inactivation with each isomer of beta
      chloro[14C]alanine followed by NaBH4 reduction and trypsin digestion afforded a
      single radiolabeled peptide. In the same manner, NaB3H4-reduced native enzyme
      gave a single labeled peptide after trypsin digestion. Purification and
      sequencing of these three radioactive peptides revealed them to be a common,
      unique hexadecapeptide which contained labeled lysine at position 6 in each case.
      Enzyme which had been inactivated, but not reductively stabilized with NaBH4,
      released a labile pyridoxal phosphate-inactivator adduct on denaturation. The
      structure of this adduct suggests that the enzyme was inactivated by trapping the
      coenzyme in a ternary adduct with inactivator and the active site lysine. Under
      denaturing conditions, facile alpha,beta-elimination occurred, releasing the
      aldol adduct of pyruvate and pyridoxal phosphate. Reduction of the ternary enzyme
      adduct blocked this elimination pathway. The overall mechanism of racemase
      inactivation is discussed in light of these results.

PMID- 6439237
TI  - Inactivation of the Pseudomonas striata broad specificity amino acid racemase by
      D and L isomers of beta-substituted alanines: kinetics, stoichiometry, active
      site peptide, and mechanistic studies.
AB  - Mechanism-based inactivators were used to probe the active site of the broad
      specificity amino acid racemase from Pseudomonas striata. Kinetic parameters for
      the inactivation of the racemase with both stereoisomers of beta-fluoroalanine,
      beta-chloroalanine, and O-acetylserine were determined. By use of 14C-labeled O
      acetylserines, the stoichiometry of inactivator binding was found to be one
      inactivator bound per enzyme subunit. The PLP-dependent enzyme contains one
      coenzyme per subunit, and after NaB3H4 reduction of the PLP-imine bond, followed
      by trypsin digestion of the protein, the amino acid sequence of the PLP-binding
      peptide was determined. Trypsin digestion of the enzyme labeled with either L or
      D isomer of O-acetylserine and sequencing of the labeled peptide revealed that
      the inactivators bind to the same lysine residue which binds PLP in native
      enzyme. The characterization of a PLP adduct released from inactivated enzyme
      under some conditions is also described. Implications of the formation of this
      compound with respect to the overall reaction mechanism of inactivation are
      discussed.

PMID- 6439238
TI  - Cryoenzymology of porcine pepsin.
AB  - Physical and kinetic properties of porcine pepsin have been examined in aqueous
      methanol solvents at temperatures below ambient to seek evidence for covalent
      intermediates in the catalyzed hydrolysis of good substrates. It was first
      demonstrated that aqueous methanol cryosolvents have no significant deleterious
      effects upon this protein. The addition of methanol does lead to a drastic
      reduction in the midpoint of the thermal melting curve of pepsin. This could
      account for rate reductions previously observed in catalysis by this enzyme. This
      effect is lessened by the addition of active-site ligands including substrates
      and is fully reversible upon dilution into aqueous solution. Two substrates were
      chosen which have chromophoric groups on opposite sides of the scissile peptide
      bond. The UV spectral changes from hydrolysis of Pro-Thr-Glu-Phe-(NO2)Phe-Arg-Leu
      and the fluorescence spectral changes from hydrolysis of DNS-Ala-Ala-Phe-Phe
      OP4P+-CH3 were studied at temperatures down to -60 degrees C. The resulting
      Arrhenius plots were linear in the region where pepsin exists in the native state
      with downward curvature exhibited at higher temperatures where the reversible
      denaturation occurs. No "burst" reactions were observed with either substrate. In
      addition, efforts at trapping intermediates by low-temperature denaturation and
      precipitation have provided no evidence for covalent intermediates on the
      reaction pathway. Although this evidence is negative, we cannot rule out the
      possibility of the formation of covalent intermediates following an initial rate
      limiting step.

PMID- 6439239
TI  - In vitro binding of synthetic acylated lipid-associating peptides to high-density
      lipoproteins: effect of hydrophobicity.
AB  - To measure the effect of hydrophobicity on the binding of model apoproteins to
      lipoproteins, we synthesized a 15 amino acid lipid-associating peptide (LAP) with
      acyl chains of various lengths (0-18 carbons) bound to the N-terminal amino acid
      through a peptide bond. The acylated LAPs preferentially bound to high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL) and were activators of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.
      Circular dichroic spectra indicated that the LAP association with phospholipid
      was accompanied by increased alpha-helical structure. The LAPs self-associated in
      solution as judged from tryptophan fluorescence analysis. These characteristics,
      which are comparable to those of apolipoprotein A-I, were strongly dependent upon
      the acyl chain length of the LAPs. The equilibrium constants (Keq) for the
      association of LAPs to reassembled HDL were measured by equilibrium dialysis at
      several temperatures. At 37 degrees C, Keq increased by 3 orders of magnitude as
      the number of carbon units was increased from 0 to 16; there was a log-linear
      relationship between Keq and the acyl chain length. The free energy of
      association (delta Ga) decreased by a constant value for each methylene unit
      added to the acyl chain (0.35 kcal mol-1), clearly demonstrating a strict
      hydrophobic effect. This change of delta Ga was enthalpy rather than entropy
      driven. Our data show that, with all other parameters including putative alpha
      helicity, sequence, and molecular weight being constant, the binding of a lipid
      associating peptide to lipoprotein is governed by its hydrophobicity.

PMID- 6439240
TI  - Structural effects in reactivity and adduct formation of polycyclic aromatic
      epoxide and diol epoxide derivatives with DNA: comparison between 1
      oxiranylpyrene and benzo[a]pyrenediol epoxide.
AB  - Reaction of 1-oxiranylpyrene (1-OP) with DNA and the structures of the covalent
      and noncovalent complexes formed were studied in aqueous media (5 mM phosphate
      buffer with 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7) by utilizing the techniques of absorption,
      fluorescence and linear dichroism spectroscopy in order to gain an understanding
      of possible structure-activity relationships for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
      epoxides in tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis, and the results were compared with
      those obtained for the highly active benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BaPDE). Like
      BaPDE, 1-OP undergoes acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with the pseudo-first-order rate
      constant k = 4.6 X 10(-4) s-1 in the absence of DNA, which is about 10 times
      slower than in the case of BaPDE. In DNA solutions, this hydrolysis is catalyzed
      by a rapid formation of a physically bound complex of 1-OP-DNA, which
      subsequently undergoes either (1) hydrolysis to a diol derivative or (2)
      formation of a covalent adduct of 1-OP-DNA. The same value of the noncovalent
      binding constant (K = 4000 M-1 is obtained for both 1-OP and for BaPDE, which
      suggests that the pi-electron interaction between the pyrenyl moiety and the
      nucleic acid bases is the dominant factor in the formation of the physical
      complexes and that the two extra OH groups in BaPDE do not play a significant
      role in determining the value of the physical binding constant.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439241
TI  - Independent folding of the carboxyl-terminal fragment 228-316 of thermolysin.
AB  - The COOH-terminal fragment 206-316 of thermolysin was shown previously to
      maintain a stable folded structure in aqueous solution comparable to that of the
      corresponding region in native thermolysin and thus to possess protein domain
      characteristics [Fontana, A., Vita, C., & Chaiken, I. M. (1983) Biopolymers 22,
      69-78]. In order to study the effect of polypeptide chain length on folding and
      stability of an isolated domain, the 111 amino acid residue fragment was
      shortened on the NH2-terminal side by removal of a 22-residue segment. Treatment
      of fragment 206-316 with hydroxylamine under alkaline conditions permitted
      selective cleavage of the Asn227-Gly228 peptide bond, and from the reaction
      mixture fragment 228-316 was isolated in homogeneous form. This fragment appeared
      to attain in aqueous solution the folding properties of the corresponding segment
      in the intact protein, as indicated by quantitative analysis of secondary
      structure from far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra and immunological
      properties. Thus, double-immunodiffusion analyses showed that fragment 228-316 is
      able to recognize and precipitate anti-thermolysin antibodies raised in rabbits
      with native thermolysin as immunogen. The fragment displayed fully reversible and
      cooperative conformational transitions mediated by pH, heat, and guanidine
      hydrochloride (Gdn.HCl), as expected for a globular protein species. Thermal
      denaturation of the fragment in aqueous solution at pH 7.8 showed a Tm of 66
      degrees C and the Gdn.HCl-mediated unfolding a midpoint transition at 2.2 M
      denaturant concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439242
TI  - Monooxygenase activity of human hemoglobin: role of quaternary structure in the
      preponderant activity of the beta subunits within the tetramer.
AB  - Catalysis of para hydroxylation of aniline was measured for human ferrihemoglobin
      and various derivatives in a reconstituted system consisting of the appropriate
      hemoprotein (at 4 microM heme), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate (NADPH), cytochrome P-450 reductase, and aniline under atmospheric O2.
      The isolated subunits of hemoglobin (alpha 3+ and beta 3+4) were prepared by
      treatment with p-(hydroxymercuri)benzoate. Semihemoglobin (alpha heme2 beta 02)
      was prepared from ferrihemoglobin and apohemoglobin. Converse valency hybrids
      alpha 3+2(beta 2+-CO)2 and (alpha 2+-CO)2 beta 3+2 were prepared from
      appropriately ligated alpha and beta subunits. After chromatography, the
      hemoglobin derivatives were characterized by visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy and
      electrophoresis. At the same concentration of aniline, the alpha and beta
      subunits were much less active than the normal tetramer. alpha-Semihemoglobin and
      the alpha 3+2(beta 2+-CO)2 hybrid also displayed lower hydroxylase activity. The
      (alpha 2+-CO)2 beta 3+2 hybrid was about as active as normal alpha 3+2 beta 3+2.
      This result suggests that the activity of tetrameric hemoglobin primarily
      involves the beta subunits. Also transfer of the beta subunits from the beta 4
      molecular environment to the alpha 2 beta 2 state enhances their monooxygenase
      activity approximately 15-fold. The hemoglobin derivatives were differently
      susceptible to substrate inhibition, the beta 4 species being most sensitive.
      Estimates of Vmax from the linear portions of the corresponding Lineweaver-Burk
      plots showed agreement within a factor of 2.5 for all of the hemoglobin
      derivatives, suggesting that the intrinsic O2-activating capacities of the
      derivatives are similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439243
TI  - Monooxygenase activity of human hemoglobin: NMR demonstration of different modes
      of substrate binding corresponding to different activities of hemoglobin
      derivatives.
AB  - In the accompanying paper [Ferraiolo, B. L., Onady, G. M., & Mieyal, J. J. (1984)
      Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] we reported different aniline
      hydroxylase activities for ferrihemoglobin, its isolated subunits, and the
      converse pair of valency hybrids alpha 3+2(beta 2+-CO)2 and (alpha 2+-CO)2 beta
      3+2 in a reconstituted system containing reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and cytochrome P-450 reductase. To investigate the
      molecular basis for the different activities, 1H NMR T1 relaxation studies of
      aniline were performed in the absence and presence of each of the hemoglobin (Hb)
      species. The paramagnetic contribution of the ferric heme iron atoms of each Hb
      derivative to the enhanced relaxation of the proton nuclei of aniline was
      determined relative to control experiments in which the hemoproteins had been
      converted fully to the corresponding (carbonmonoxy)ferrous forms, which are
      diamagnetic. According to the known distance dependence of the paramagnetic
      effect and the relative changes in T1 for the upfield and downfield signals in
      the spectrum of aniline, it was ascertained that aniline binds in the same manner
      to the beta-ferric hybrid and to ferrihemoglobin. These two forms displayed
      equivalent hydroxylase activities that were the highest among the Hb derivatives
      for the same aniline concentration. The T1 changes observed with the alpha-ferric
      hybrid suggest a different orientation for aniline in that complex. The T1 data
      for the isolated subunits alpha 3+ and beta 3+4 would indicate that overall
      binding of aniline includes a component of direct aniline-heme ligation in each
      case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439244
TI  - Purification of human gamma-interferon to essential homogeneity and its
      biochemical characterization.
AB  - A multistep procedure has been developed which enables human gamma-interferon
      (HuIFN-gamma) to be purified to essential homogeneity. The procedure takes
      advantage of a modification of a previously described sequential chromatographic
      technique [Braude, I.A. (1983) Prep. Biochem. 13, 177-190] and the high
      isoelectric point of HuIFN-gamma (pH 9.5-9.8). The steps include Controlled Pore
      Glass adsorption chromatography, concanavalin A-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose
      affinity chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration
      chromatography. The purified HuIFN-gamma had a specific activity of 5.9 X 10(7)
      units/mg. This represents a purification of more than 70 000-fold and a 33%
      recovery. In addition, one gel filtration fraction had a specific activity of 2.5
      X 10(8) units/mg. This represents a purification of greater than 300 000-fold and
      a recovery of greater than 17%. This fraction, when analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was shown to be composed of one major
      26-kilodalton (kDa) species and four minor species of 74, 67, 56, and 22 kDa.
      Analysis of this material with anti-HuIFN-gamma monoclonal antibody
      immunoabsorbent columns indicates that both the 26- and the 22-kDa species are
      HuIFN-gamma. Thus, the final product is essentially homogeneous (90-92% HuIFN
      gamma), and the specific activity of pure HuIFN-gamma is approximately (2.7-2.8)
      X 10(8) units/mg of protein. Finally, the 26- and 22-kDa moieties are shown to be
      similar, if not identical, proteins as judged by amino acid and sequence
      analyses.

PMID- 6439245
TI  - Major oligosaccharides in the glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus:
      structure elucidation by one- and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic
      resonance and methylation analysis.
AB  - The highly microheterogeneous, N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides in the
      glycoproteins of Friend murine leukemia virus (as produced by Eveline cells) were
      liberated with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and by alkaline hydrolysis.
      They were fractionated (as desialylated oligosaccharitols) by gel filtration and
      by concanavalin A affinity chromatography, and the major fractions were analyzed
      by methylation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, by digestion with
      exoglycosidases, and, especially, by one- and two-dimensional proton nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Guidelines for qualitative and quantitative
      analysis of complex oligosaccharide mixtures by NMR were worked out and the
      results compared with those obtained by methylation analysis. It was found that
      these major fractions consist of bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary oligosaccharitols
      of the "complex" type (comprising a minority of species with N-acetyllactosamine
      repeating units), which are, in part, substituted by nonreducing terminal Gal
      alpha (1----3) and/or bisecting GlcNAc beta (1----4) residues.

PMID- 6439246
TI  - Transport of carnosine by mouse intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles.
AB  - The characteristics of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) transport have been
      studied using purified brush-border membrane vesicles from mouse small intestine.
      Uptake curves did not exhibit any overshoot phenomena, and were similar under
      Na+, K+ or choline+ gradient conditions (extravesicular greater than
      intravesicular). However, uptake of histidine showed an overshoot phenomenon in
      the presence of a Na+-gradient. There was no detectable hydrolysis of carnosine
      during 15 min of incubation with membrane vesicles under conditions used for
      transport experiments. Analysis of intravesicular contents further showed the
      complete absence of the constituent free amino acids of carnosine, and indicates
      that intact carnosine is transported. Studies on the effect of concentration on
      peptide uptake revealed that transport occurred by a saturable process conforming
      to Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 9.6 +/- 1.4 mM and a Vmax of 2.9 +/-
      0.2 nmol/mg protein per 0.4 min. Uptake of carnosine was inhibited by both di-
      and tripeptides with a maximum inhibition of 68% by glycyl-L-leucyltyrosine.
      These results clearly demonstrate that carnosine is transported intact by a
      carrier-mediated, Na+-independent process.

PMID- 6439247
TI  - Calcium-induced heterogeneous changes in membrane potential detected by flow
      cytofluorimetry.
AB  - Ionophore-induced changes in the cell-associated fluorescence of samples of
      approx. 50000 individual murine L1210 leukemia cells which had been incubated
      with the voltage-sensitive dye 3,3'-dihexyloctacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3] were
      monitored by flow cytometry. The K+ ionophore valinomycin (1 microM) produced
      homogeneous changes in the fluorescence of the entire population, the magnitude
      of which was dependent upon the concentration of extracellular K+. These changes
      allowed the estimation of the potassium equilibrium potential of the cells, by
      the null-point method, to be -11.9 mV. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (500 nM)
      produced heterogeneous changes in fluorescence, with populations of both
      hyperpolarised and depolarised cells. In addition, the depolarised population
      underwent an apparent size change, with a reduction in cell volume. This
      heterogeneity of response resulted in a minimal change in the median fluorescence
      value for the whole population, which suggests that it would not have been
      detectable by methods dependent upon net population-averaged changes in
      fluorescence. Removal of extracellular Na+ or preincubation of cells with
      amiloride (500 microM) effectively eliminated the depolarised population. Removal
      of extracellular K+ increased the hyperpolarised population. These findings
      provide evidence for the presence of Ca2+-induced Na+ exchange and Ca2+-induced
      K+ efflux mechanisms in these cells which may be expressed simultaneously in the
      cell population.

PMID- 6439248
TI  - Regulatory effects of insulin and experimental diabetes on neutral amino acid
      transport in the perfused rat exocrine pancreas. Kinetics of unidirectional L
      serine influx and efflux at the basolateral plasma membrane.
AB  - Relatively little is known about the hormonal regulation of amino acid transport
      in the normal and diabetic exocrine pancreas. In this study unidirectional influx
      and tracer efflux of L-serine at the basolateral interface of the rat pancreatic
      epithelium was investigated in the perfused exocrine pancreas using a rapid (less
      than 30 s) paired-tracer dilution technique. In the non-diabetic pancreas L
      serine influx was saturable and stimulated by perfusion with exogenous bovine
      insulin (100 microU/ml). Transport of L-serine and methylaminoisobutyric acid was
      markedly elevated in pancreata isolated from streptozotocin diabetic rats and
      insulin partially reversed the stimulation of L-serine transport induced by
      experimental diabetes. These results suggest that insulin and diabetes modulate
      the epithelial transport activity for small neutral amino acids in the intact
      exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 6439249
TI  - An electrophoretic and immunochemical characterization of human surfactant
      associated proteins.
AB  - We have prepared an antiserum against a serum-free extract of alveolar
      proteinosis lavage that recognizes the same proteins as an antiserum to human
      surfactant. Using one and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein blotting
      and immunostaining we have found proteins with Mr of approx. 35 and 60 kDa to be
      present in every source of human surfactant we have examined. These proteins are
      immunologically related to those found in the lavage from alveolar proteinosis
      patients, have the same electrophoretic characteristics and are not found in
      serum. The 35 kDa protein is a group of at least eight isoforms ranging in
      relative molecular mass Mr from 32 to 36 kDa with isoelectric points between 4.8
      and 5.5. Neuraminidase digestion studies have shown that at least part of this
      charge heterogeneity may be due to sialic acid residues. The less abundant form,
      with a Mr of about 60 kDa is also a sialoglycoprotein with similar isoelectric
      points.

PMID- 6439250
TI  - Different incorporation rates of arachidonic acid into alkenylacyl-, alkylacyl-
      and diacylphosphatidylethanolamine of rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Rat erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) consists of 60% alkenylacyl, 5%
      alkylacyl and 35% diacyl types. The fatty acid at the 2-position of these types
      is mainly composed of arachidonic acid. When intact rat erythrocytes were
      incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid, about 90% of the arachidonic acid
      incorporated into the PE fraction was found in the 2-position of the diacyl type.
      The rates of incorporation of arachidonic acid into alkenylacyl-, alkylacyl- and
      diacylPE were 78, 134 and 1360 pmol/h per mumol of the corresponding PE,
      respectively. The substrate specificities of endogenous phospholipase A2 and acyl
      CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferase were observed. DiacylPE was hydrolysed
      rapidly by endogenous phospholipase A2, while alkenylacyl- and alkylacylPE were
      poor substrates for the enzyme. The selective transfer of arachidonic acid into
      the 2-position of 1-acyl-lysoPE was observed. 1-Alkenyl- and 1-alkyl-lysoPE were
      also poor substrates for acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferase. The
      acyltransferase activities with the lysoPE analogues were higher than the
      phospholipase A2 activities with PE analogues. These results suggest that the
      different incorporation rates of arachidonic acid into alkenylacyl-, alkylacyl-
      and diacylPE are based on the substrate specificity of endogenous phospholipase
      A2.

PMID- 6439251
TI  - Development of glycerophosphate acyltransferase in guinea pig lung mitochondria
      and microsomes.
AB  - Development of mitochondrial and microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase in
      the fetal guinea pig lung was investigated. Mitochondrial and microsomal enzyme
      activity gradually increased from 45 days to 55 days of gestation. The specific
      activity in the microsomal fraction (8.2 nmol/min per mg protein) then declined
      until term, but increased again in the 24-h newborn from 2.5 to 6.1 nmol/min per
      mg protein. Glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity in the mitochondrial
      fraction declined after 55 days (3.5 nmol/min per mg) to a minimum level at 60
      days (1.8 nmol/min per mg), but increased again in the 24-h newborn (4.0 nmol/min
      per mg). The specific activity of both mitochondrial and microsomal enzyme
      declined after 24 h after birth until adult levels were attained.
      Glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity in mitochondria and microsomes from
      adult lung was 0.8 and 2.0 nmol/min per mg, respectively. Microsomal enzyme
      activity was consistently inhibited (over 95%) throughout gestation and adulthood
      by exposure to any one of several proteinases: trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain,
      bromelain, pronase and nagarse. Although mitochondrial enzyme activity was also
      inhibited by these proteinases, there was a continuous increase in proteinase
      resistant glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity between 45 days of gestation
      and term. In contrast, adult mitochondrial enzyme activity was stimulated by all
      the proteinases studied. These results suggest that early in gestation,
      glycerophosphate acyltransferase lies more exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the
      mitochondrial outer membrane and as gestation progresses it becomes embedded into
      the phospholipid bilayer.

PMID- 6439252
TI  - Preliminary studies on the induction of a 120 000 molecular weight protein in
      resident peritoneal macrophages by arachidonic acid.
AB  - Exogenous arachidonic acid induced the synthesis of a 120 000 molecular weight
      protein in resident peritoneal macrophages. The induction of this protein is
      specific to the presence of arachidonic acid in the culture medium and is not
      induced by the presence of other fatty acids, irrespective of their chain length
      or degree of unsaturation. The protein induced is not a secretory protein and is
      not formed as a result of the processing of preexisting proteins in macrophages.
      In addition to arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 also induced the synthesis of
      120 000 molecular weight protein in macrophages.

PMID- 6439253
TI  - Postpartum preovulatory surge of gonadotropin secretion in the rat may be
      initiated by the labor process.
AB  - These studies attempted to identify the factors which stimulate the postpartum
      preovulatory surge of gonadotropin secretion in the rat. The time of parturition
      on Day 23 of pregnancy slightly affected the time of the postpartum gonadotropin
      surge which occurred that afternoon. Animals delivering early in the morning had
      postpartum gonadotropin surges earlier in the afternoon than animals delivering
      later in the day. To ascertain whether an afternoon time of day signal stimulates
      the postpartum gonadotropin surge, pentobarbital was administered immediately
      postpartum. Pentobarbital blocked the postpartum gonadotropin surge on the day of
      parturition in only 6 of 17 animals. Surprisingly, these animals all had
      gonadotropin surges the following day despite a large continuous suckling
      stimulus. To determine whether the process of parturition stimulates the
      postpartum gonadotropin surge, pups were delivered by cesarean section on Day 22
      of pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH) surges were not detected in cesarean
      sectioned animals on the day of the operation, nor on the following day. However,
      cervical stimulation in the morning resulted in LH surges in 5 of 9 cesarean
      sectioned rats later that day, at a time coincident with the afternoon time of
      day signal. These studies suggest that the postpartum gonadotropin surge results
      from an afternoon time of day signal which is activated by the cervical
      stimulation of the labor process.

PMID- 6439254
TI  - Glycosidase activities in principal cells, basal cells, fibroblasts and
      spermatozoa isolated from the rat epididymis.
AB  - The activity levels of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-N
      acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase were
      fluorometrically assessed in spermatozoa, principal cells, basal cells and
      fibroblasts isolated from the rat epididymis by centrifugal elutriation. Among
      the various cell types, corpus principal cells had the highest activities for
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and beta
      galactosidase. These enzymes characteristically react with membrane structural
      carbohydrates. Corpus/caput principal cell activity ratios of these glycosidases
      remained constant when determinations were done at an alternate pH and substrate
      concentration, suggesting that similar enzyme forms were present in both regions.
      Based on cell number and cell volume, sperm glycosidase activities generally
      increased from the caput to the corpus region of the epididymis, while decreasing
      from corpus to cauda. However, when data were expressed on the basis of cell
      protein, sperm glycosidase activities increased from caput to cauda. Since the
      total protein of sperm decreases dramatically from caput to cauda, the increase
      in glycosidase activity based on total protein suggests that relative to other
      sperm proteins, glycosidases may be selectively retained or taken up during
      epididymal transit. High levels of glycosidase activity associated with the
      corpus epididymidis may contribute to modification of sperm glycoproteins and
      observed increases in fertility of sperm as they emerge from this region.

PMID- 6439255
TI  - Prolongation of the bovine estrous cycle with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      analog.
AB  - A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments was conducted to determine the
      effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on bovine luteal function.
      Biosynthesis of progesterone by bovine luteal cells during a 2-h incubation was
      determined following addition of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 ng GnRH. Synthesis of
      progesterone was significantly depressed only by the 100-ng dose of GnRH. Luteal
      cells were incubated with 0.1 and 1.0 microgram GnRH in the presence and absence
      of 0, 1, 2 and 5 ng bovine luteinizing hormone (LH). Again, only the highest dose
      of GnRH significantly depressed LH-stimulated production of progesterone. Three
      experiments were conducted to assess the effects of repetitively administered
      GnRH. In the first, twice daily intrauterine infusions of 100 micrograms GnRH on
      Days 12, 13 and 14 of the bovine estrous cycle was without effect on plasma
      concentrations of progesterone and the functional life span of the corpus luteum
      (CL). In the second experiment, 10 micrograms of a highly potent GnRH analog
      (GnRH-A) was injected subcutaneously four times daily on Days 9-12 of the estrous
      cycle. GnRH-A-treated heifers had longer (P less than 0.05) mean estrous cycle
      lengths (26.2 +/- 0.72 days) when compared to control heifers (20.25 +/- 0.25
      days). Plasma concentrations of progesterone were higher in the GnRH-A-treated
      group on Days 9-13 and Days 15-22 of the estrous cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6439256
TI  - Prepubertal treatment with estrogen or testosterone precipitates the loss of
      regular estrous cyclicity and normal gonadotropin secretion in adult female rats.
AB  - To examine the effects of prepubertal steroid environment on subsequent estrous
      cyclicity and gonadotropin secretion, Silastic implants containing 25, 50 or 100%
      17 beta-estradiol (E2;n=34), 50% diethylstilbestrol (DES; n=16) or 50%
      testosterone (T; n=17) were placed into female rats at 12 days of age and removed
      on the day of vaginal opening (18-24 days of age). At 80 days of age, the
      percentages of regularly cycling females in the E2-(three groups combined), DES-
      and T-implanted groups were 59%, 0% and 59%, respectively. By 110 days of age,
      the percentages were reduced to 24%, 0% and 0%, and at 140 days of age 6%, 0% and
      0%, respectively. Many of these females displayed irregular estrous cycles
      followed by a persistent estrous (PE) state. By contrast, 89% of the control
      females (blank implants or no implant) maintained regular cycles up to 140 days
      of age. At 150 days of age, an i.p. injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      (GnRH; 100 ng/100 g BW) markedly increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH), but
      not follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), in intact PE females treated
      prepubertally with E2 implants. After the test with GnRH, PE rats were
      ovariectomized (OVX). Thirty days after OVX, similar GnRH administration
      significantly increased serum levels of both LH and FSH, but these responses were
      significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced when compared with those in OVX
      controls. Progesterone administration to estradiol benzoate-primed, acutely (3
      days) OVX, or long-term (43 days) OVX-PE females did not increase LH or FSH
      release. These results indicate that exposure to exogenous estrogen or T prior to
      puberty precipitates the decline in estrous cyclicity associated with the loss of
      gonadotropin surge response, presumably due to an alteration in hypothalamic GnRH
      release.

PMID- 6439257
TI  - Germ cell degeneration during postprophase of meiosis and serum concentrations of
      gonadotropins in young adult and older adult men.
AB  - Loss of potential sperm production during postprophase of meiosis was evaluated
      to determine if reduced daily sperm production in older men could be explained by
      an enhanced percentage of germ cell degeneration during this period of
      spermatogenesis. Evaluations were based on enumerating germ cells in homogenates
      of fixed testes using phase-contrast cytometry from 37 young adult (20-48 yr) and
      34 older adult (50-85 yr) men. The time period in which germ cells degenerate was
      assessed in 10 men by comparing potential daily sperm production based on
      secondary spermatocytes with that based on primary spermatocytes or with daily
      sperm production based on spermatids. There was a significant (P less than 0.01)
      decline in sperm production potential based on primary spermatocytes and on
      spermatids in the older adult men such that the percentage of loss of potential
      production during postprophase was similar between the two age groups. Sperm
      production estimates based on primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes
      were similar (P greater than 0.05); however, estimates based on secondary
      spermatocytes were significantly higher than those based on spermatids.
      Degeneration during postprophase of meiosis in humans appears to occur during or
      near the second meiotic division. Age-related reduced sperm production was
      significantly correlated with elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Age-related decline in sperm production could
      not be explained by enhanced germ cell degeneration during postprophase but may
      result from reduced germ cell numbers prior to pachytene primary spermatocytes.

PMID- 6439258
TI  - Physiological responses of birds to flight and running.

PMID- 6439259
TI  - [Response time of the tcPCO2 electrode--an animal experiment study].

PMID- 6439260
TI  - Cryptic I antigen activity and Mycoplasma pneumoniae-receptor activity associated
      with sialoglycoprotein GP-2 of bovine erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The 250-kDa sialoglycoprotein of bovine erythrocyte membranes, GP-2, has been
      found to be an exceptionally rich source of branched sialo-oligosaccharides of
      poly-N-acetyllactosamine (I antigen) type with receptor activity for the human
      pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Desialylated GP-2 is the most potent I-active
      substance thus far tested. Since this glycoprotein is hydrophobic and can be
      readily re-incorporated into cell membranes, it should be useful in future
      studies of the mechanism of production of autoantibodies to the I antigen which
      commonly arise following human infection with M. pneumoniae.

PMID- 6439261
TI  - [Reactions of oxytocin- and vasopressinergic cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic
      and paraventricular nuclei in the rat to repeated administrations of
      thyroliberin].
AB  - Male Wistar rats were injected with 1 microgram thyroliberin twice a day for 8
      days. Vasopressinergic (VE) and oxytocinergic (OE) cells of the supraoptic (SON)
      and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) were detected immunohistochemically, their
      changes were estimated morphometrically. The blood level of the thyrostimulating
      hormone determined by radioimmunoassay was 220% of the control on the 6th day but
      declined by the 9th day. The thyroid hormone concentration was also diminished.
      The nucleoli of the VE and OE cells of the SON were reduced by the 9th day (by 74
      and 82%, respectively; P less than 0.01). The nucleoli of the OE cells of the PVN
      were enlarged to 120% (P less than 0.01), hence production of the neurohormone by
      these cells was intensified. The VE cells of the PVN remained essentially
      unchanged. The data obtained suggest that disagreement between the PVN and SON
      cell reactions is caused by various reactions of the nerve centers conveying
      toward the PVN and SON. Moreover, the OE and VE cells of the PVN apparently
      differ in their input. The importance of the OE cells of the PVN for the
      thyrostimulating hormone level normalization is suggested.

PMID- 6439262
TI  - [Thrombocyte interaction with a collagen substrate: the role of thrombocyte
      synthesized prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2].
AB  - The effects of (i) the exogenous arachidonic acid (AA), (ii) stable prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analogue--U46619, and (iii) cyclooxygenase inhibitor--aspirin on the
      interaction of platelets with a surface coated with fibrillar calf skin collagen
      were studied using scanning electron microscopy. AA and U46619 stimulate massive
      spreading of platelets (on the collagen substrate and formation of surface-bound
      multilayer (thrombi-like) aggregates. The stimulation of spreading and formation
      of thrombi-like aggregates by AA correlate with the thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
      synthesis in platelets. Unlike AA, U46619 induces these processes without
      transformation into TXA2 and stimulation of its synthesis in platelets.
      Cyclooxygenase inhibitor--aspirin prevents the AA-induced platelet spreading,
      formation of the surface-bound thrombi-like aggregates, and TXA2 synthesis. In
      the absence of soluble platelet inducers, aspirin inhibits the substrate-induced
      spreading, but doesn't affect the initial attachment of nonactivated platelets to
      the collagen substrate.

PMID- 6439263
TI  - [Comparative study of the muscarinic cholinoreceptors of the glial cells in the
      human and rat cerebral cortex].
AB  - Radioligand analysis was used to study and compare muscarinic cholino receptors
      from human and rat brain glial cells containing no neurospecific proteins. It was
      demonstrated that 3H-quinuclidinyl benzylate has a higher affinity for muscarinic
      cholino receptors of human glia (Kd 2.0 nM) than receptors of rat glial cells (Kd
      9.1 nM). By pharmacological properties muscarinic cholinoreceptors of the glia
      differ from receptors of insect brain and are similar to cholinoreceptors from
      animal brain synaptosomes.

PMID- 6439264
TI  - [Centro-peripheral organization of the kinesthetic system studied by natural
      stimulation of peripheral receptors].
AB  - A method is suggested for investigation of the central peripheral organization of
      the kinesthetic system by nonartefact natural stimulation of the receptors in
      animals with the aid of a kinesthetic stimulator. The data obtained show the
      evoked potentials in response to natural stimulation in the contralateral
      somatosensory cortex of cats to have a significantly shorter latent periods as
      compared with electric stimulation. It is concluded that the rate of kinesthetic
      afferent volleys conduction in the somatosensory pathway is higher than that of
      mixed information during electric stimulation. The method suggested can be used
      both under experimental and clinical conditions.

PMID- 6439265
TI  - [Structural and functional units in the pial microvascular system].
AB  - A study was made of the pial arterial microcircles formed upon successive
      branching and anastomosing of the terminal pial vessels on the brain cortex
      surface at different levels of the phylogenetic development of the vertebrata. It
      was discovered that the pial arterial microcircles progressively become more
      complicated in the following order: chicken, rabbit, cat, dog, monkey. The
      morphological signs of the microcircles undergo progressive development: 1) they
      are formed primarily from small pial arterial branches possessing high vasomotor
      activity; 2) the area of each circle becomes less and less and their amount per
      unit of the brain surface increases respectively; 3) the quantity of the feeding
      arterial branches rises despite the reduction of the circle size; 4) the number
      of outgoing precortical and radial arteries entering the brain cortex increases;
      5) the areas of the brain cortex supplied by individual radial arteries become
      less and less. This ensures increasingly delicate regulation of adequate blood
      supply of the smallest areas of the brain cortex.

PMID- 6439266
TI  - Spinal integration and rhythm generation in breathing.

PMID- 6439267
TI  - 6,9-deepoxy-6,9-(phenylimino)-delta 6,8-Prostaglandin I1, (U-60,257) stimulates
      prostaglandin D2 and inhibits thromboxane B2 release from ionophore challenged
      human dispersed lung cells.
AB  - 6,9-deepoxy- 6,9-(phenylimino)-delta 6,8-Prostaglandin I1 (U-60,257), a
      prostaglandin analogue known to inhibit leukotriene formation in a number of cell
      systems, potentiates mast cell release of prostaglandin D2 from human dispersed
      lung cells activated with ionophore A23187. Over the same concentration range of
      30-300 microM there was a related inhibition of ionophore-induced generation of
      thromboxane B2 (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01). As both prostaglandin D2 and
      thromboxane A2 are potent bronchoconstrictors, these observations may be relevant
      to the potential of this drug in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 6439268
TI  - Induction and inhibition of pinocytosis by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AB  - We investigated whether differences in induction or stimulation of pinocytosis by
      six amino-glycosides reflected reported differences in their nephrotoxicity.
      Pinocytosis induced by antibiotics, Na+, K+ or Ca2+ was quantified by the number
      of pinocytotic channels in Amoeba proteus, a cell suitable for the study of the
      pinocytotic process. The aminoglycosides were potent inducers of pinocytosis.
      They were effective in the order of their cationic charge: neomycin greater than
      gentamicin greater than netilmicin = tobramycin greater than kanamycin greater
      than streptomycin. Factors which reduced the charge of the molecules, i.e.
      alkaline pH and combination with carbenicillin or heparin, diminished
      pinocytosis. Like La3+ the antibiotics inhibited Na+ -induced pinocytosis. The
      order of efficacy was netilmicin greater than gentamicin greater than neomycin. A
      similar rank order, which is the reverse of the order of nephrotoxicity, was
      observed for inhibition of Ca2+ -stimulated, Na+ -induced pinocytosis. Netilmicin
      was also the most potent inhibitor of the Ca2+-induced pinocytosis in cells
      treated with concanavalin A. Inhibition of Ca2+ -stimulated pinocytosis by
      netilmicin was reversed by Ca2+, the calcium ionophore A 23187, or 4
      aminopyridine. We have shown that several nephrotoxic cations are strong inducers
      of pinocytosis in the amoeba, that aminoglycosides in Ringer solution induce
      pinocytosis in the approximate order of their nephrotoxicity and that factors
      which are known to diminish toxicity reduce pinocytosis. It, therefore, appears
      that the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is related to their ability
      to induce pinocytosis in the amoeba. Low inducing potency and strong Ca2+ 
      antagonism, as for netilmicin, are qualities which may reduce the tendency of
      polycationic compounds to damage proximal tubular cells.

PMID- 6439269
TI  - Triggering by Paf-acether and adrenaline of cyclo-oxygenase-independent platelet
      aggregation.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (Paf-acether, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphorylcholine) induced full aggregation and a limited release reaction of
      human platelets in plasma or in blood. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition with aspirin
      only reduced aggregation when induced by threshold amounts of Paf-acether,
      whereas higher concentrations surmounted inhibition whether tested in citrated or
      in heparinized platelet-rich plasma or blood. Aspirin-induced inhibition of
      platelet secretion by Paf-acether was insurmountable and independent of the anti
      coagulant used. Paf-acether and adrenaline acted synergistically in inducing
      aggregation in citrate and heparin. Aspirin in vitro or after oral ingestion at
      doses that suppressed aggregation induced by arachidonic acid alone, failed to
      reduce significantly the synergized aggregation induced by Paf-acether alone or
      combined with adrenaline. Twenty-four hours after the oral ingestion of aspirin,
      when aggregation by arachidonic acid remained blocked, a slight inhibitory
      activity on the effect of Paf-acether noted 4 h after aspirin, had ceased. This
      was probably accounted for by the synthesis of thromboxane A2 by newly formed
      platelets, since the in vitro addition of aspirin, or of the
      thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor inhibitor 13-azaprostanoic acid caused the 24 h
      platelets to behave in a manner similar to platelets collected 4 h after aspirin.
      The alpha 2-adrenoceptor inhibitor, yohimbine, blocked the direct effect of
      adrenaline as well as its synergism with Paf-acether. Since the synergistic
      effect of Paf-acether and adrenaline was maintained when thrombin-degranulated
      platelets were used, and aspirin remained ineffective against it, it is clear
      that the augmented platelet responsiveness is not accounted for by the platelet
      release reaction. 6 Paf-acether and adrenaline act synergistically and stimulate
      platelets by cyclo-oxygenaseindependent mechanisms, which may be relevant in
      human physiopathological conditions.

PMID- 6439270
TI  - Vascular reactivity in diabetes mellitus: possible role of insulin on the
      endothelial cell.
AB  - The response to vasoactive agents of microvessels of the rat was tested in vivo
      by direct microscopic observation of the exteriorized mesentery and assessment of
      cutaneous vascular permeability changes with Evans blue. The constrictor response
      to a standard amount of noradrenaline in mesenteric microvessels was fully
      antagonized by acetylcholine in normal, diabetic, adrenalectomized and diabetic
      adrenalectomized rats. In contrast, the minimum doses of histamine or bradykinin,
      effective in normal or adrenalectomized animals, had to be increased about 20
      fold to be active in diabetic or diabetic-adrenalectomized animals. Topical
      application of insulin to mesenteric microvessels of diabetic animals, in amounts
      not causing any increase in serum insulin levels, improved or restored the
      capacity of the animals to respond to histamine or bradykinin, acting as
      antagonists of the vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline. Topical insulin,
      however, was ineffective in normal animals given 2-deoxyglucose, the acute
      effects of which result from cellular glucopaenia unrelated to insulin
      deficiency. Vascular permeability responses to intracutaneous histamine or
      bradykinin were decreased in animals pretreated with 2-deoxyglucose as much as in
      diabetic animals. Pretreatment of normal animals with indomethacin produced no
      effect on the responses of these animals to histamine or bradykinin, tested as
      antagonists of noradrenaline on mesenteric microvessels, or as vascular
      permeability-increasing factors in the skin. Pretreatment of normal animals with
      chloroquine, mepacrine or dexamethasone had no effect on the reactivity of
      mesenteric microvessels to histamine and bradykinin, acting as antagonists to
      noradrenaline. 7 It is suggested that vasoactive substances, endowed with
      permeability-increasing properties, evoke relaxation of microvessels through an
      insulin-dependent action on endothelial cells, unrelated to the release of
      arachidonic acid metabolites. This action would lead to increased vascular
      permeability, with opening of interendothelial junctions, and temporary changes
      in composition of extravascular fluid, which in turn, would provide the basis for
      vasodilatation. Diabetes mellitus apparently impairs such responses as a result
      of the accompanying cellular glucopaenia. Adrenal corticosteroids are not
      involved in the impaired responses.

PMID- 6439271
TI  - Bronchodilator-mediated relaxation of normal and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig
      airways: lack of correlation with lung adenylate cyclase activation.
AB  - Isoprenaline, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and
      forskolin caused a dose-dependent relaxation of normal and ovalbumin-sensitized
      guinea-pig tracheal spirals and lung parenchymal strips in vitro. There was no
      difference in magnitude of relaxation or sensitivity to these relaxants between
      normal and sensitized tissues. The rank order of potency (concentration of each
      drug at which 50% of the maximum is obtained) for these relaxants on both trachea
      and parenchyma was VIP greater than isoprenaline greater than PGE2 greater than
      forskolin, although the parenchyma was more sensitive than the trachea. The rank
      order of efficacy of the drugs used in relaxing both the trachea and lung
      parenchyma was isoprenaline (10 microM) greater than forskolin (30 microM)
      greater than VIP (0.1 microM) greater than PGE2 (10 microM). PGE2 at
      concentrations greater than 1 microM sometimes contracted the lung strip.
      Pretreatment with indomethacin (8.5 microM), a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, reduced
      the resting tone of tracheal spirals, but did not significantly affect the tone
      of lung strips. Indomethacin-pretreatment did not affect drug-induced relaxations
      of either normal or sensitized tracheal spirals. However, both normal and
      sensitized indomethacin-pretreated lung strips relaxed significantly less (P less
      than 0.05) to isoprenaline, PGE2 and forskolin. Indomethacin-pretreatment did not
      affect sensitivity of normal and sensitized trachea or parenchyma to the relaxant
      drugs. All the relaxant drugs used stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in
      normal or sensitized lung parenchyma membrane preparations. The rank order of
      efficacy (maximal activation) was forskolin greater than isoprenaline = VIP
      greater than PGE2. There was no difference in response between normal and
      sensitized lungs. Adenylate cyclase activity of normal lung was stimulated as
      follows: forskolin (100 microM), 500.0 +/- 50.0%; isoprenaline (100 microM),
      186.0 +/- 29.0%; VIP (10 microM), 213.0 +/- 19.0% and PGE2 (100 microM), 155.0 +/
      23.0% of basal activity. Similar values were obtained for sensitized lung
      parenchyma. Indomethacin-pretreatment did not significantly affect normal or
      sensitized lung adenylate cyclase stimulation by isoprenaline, VIP, forskolin or
      PGE2. It was concluded that: Immunological sensitization to ovalbumin does not
      induce hypoactivity of relaxant drug receptors and/or the adenylate cyclase
      system of the airway tissues of the guinea-pig. (b) There is an apparent lack of
      correlation between tissue relaxation in vitro and adenylate cyclase activity
      since the rank order of the efficacy of a range of relaxants was different for
      the two effects and furthermore indomethacin-treatment of airway tissues yielded
      differential results.

PMID- 6439272
TI  - The roles of stored calcium in contractions of cat tracheal smooth muscle
      produced by electrical stimulation, acetylcholine and high K+.
AB  - Effects of direct or indirect (nerve-mediated) muscle stimulation, acetylcholine
      (ACh), caffeine and procaine on the membrane and mechanical properties of smooth
      muscle cells of the cat trachea were investigated by means of double sucrose-gap
      and isometric tension recording methods. Outward current pulses (2 s in duration)
      applied to the muscle tissue in the presence of tetrodotoxin (10(-7)M), atropine
      (10(-6)M) and propranolol (10(-6)M) evoked no action potential (spike); however,
      when the depolarization exceeded 9 mV, a contraction was evoked. The spike and
      contraction evoked by outward current pulses in the presence of
      tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) were suppressed by treatment of the tissue with
      either Ca2+-free EGTA (2 mM) containing solution or Mn2+ (5 mM). In the presence
      of procaine (10 mM), outward current pulses evoked an action potential but no
      contraction. Field stimulation of short duration (50 microseconds) applied to the
      whole tissue produced an excitation of the intrinsic nerves and evoked excitatory
      junction potentials (e.j.ps), and when the amplitude of e.j.ps exceeded 4 mV, a
      twitch contraction occurred. E.j.p. was more effective in producing a contraction
      than was the membrane depolarization evoked by outward current pulses. Amplitudes
      of contractions evoked by exogenous ACh (10(-5)M) were much larger than those
      evoked by 128 mM-[K]0 or caffeine (10 mM), in normal Krebs solution. When the
      amplitudes of the contractions produced by 128 mM [K]0 were defined as a relative
      amplitude of 1.0, the mean amplitudes of contraction produced by ACh (10(-5)M) or
      caffeine were 2.5 +/- 0.20 or 1.2 +/- 0.26, respectively. In Ca2+-free EGTA (2
      mM)-containing solution, the contraction induced by 128 mM-[K]0 was rapidly
      abolished, whereas the contractions evoked by caffeine (10 mM) or the initial
      phasic contraction produced by ACh (10(-5)M) were largely unaffected. When the
      amount of Ca2+ stored in the muscle cell was estimated from the amplitude of
      caffeine-induced contraction evoked in Ca2+-free solution, procaine (10 mM)
      applied simultaneously with Ca2+, after depletion of Ca2+ from the cells by means
      of caffeine, increased the amount of Ca2+ stored to 1.31 +/- 0.14 (n = 6) times
      the control value. However, ACh (10(-7)M) or excess concentrations of [K]0
      applied with Ca2+ did not increase the amount of Ca2+ stored in the caffeine
      sensitive intracellular compartment. 8 These results indicate that the amount of
      Ca2 + stored in the smooth muscle cells of the cat trachea may be larger than
      other visceral smooth muscle and plays an important role in the initiation of
      contraction, in response to endogenous or exogenous ACh.

PMID- 6439273
TI  - Release of endogenous dopamine from rat isolated striatum: effect of clorgyline
      and (-)-deprenyl.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to
      measure the release and content of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) from rat isolated striatum. The effects of the monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      inhibitors clorgyline and (-)-deprenyl on dopamine and DOPAC release and
      contents, and the IC50 values of these compounds for inhibition of dopamine
      deamination in rat striatum were determined. Dopamine release was significantly
      increased by elevated KCl (22 mM) in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and by ouabain (20
      muM), whereas the release of DOPAC remained constant. The loss in striatal
      dopamine content during the incubation period (67% of initial content) was far
      greater than the amount of dopamine recovered in the incubation fluid (16% of
      initial content), suggesting that much of the DOPAC, released during incubation
      originated from the conversion of dopamine to DOPAC within the striatum. A
      concentration-dependent decrease in DOPAC efflux, both during rest and
      stimulation periods, was observed in the presence of clorgyline (10(-8)M-10(-7)M)
      and (-)-deprenyl (10(-5)M-10(-4)M). Higher concentrations of clorgyline (10(-7)M)
      and (-)-deprenyl (10(-4)M), which inhibited dopamine deamination by 85-90%,
      enhanced both the resting and KCl-induced release of dopamine. The total amount
      of dopamine plus DOPAC that was released in the presence of clorgyline or (-)
      deprenyl did not differ from control values, suggesting that the increase in
      dopamine release elicited by MAO inhibitors might result from reduced degradation
      of dopamine to DOPAC. 6 The IC50 values of clorgyline (5 x 10-9M) and (-)
      deprenyl (5 x 10-6M) for inhibition of dopamine deamination indicate that
      dopamine is a substrate for type A MAO in rat striatum.

PMID- 6439274
TI  - TRH response pattern in adolescent schizophrenic males.
AB  - A marked elevation in human growth hormone (GH) following intravenous infusion of
      thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was seen in three of seven adolescent male
      schizophrenic patients receiving neuroleptic drugs, and in one of five controls
      matched for age, sex, and developmental stage, receiving the same drugs. A
      positive family history for schizophrenia was noted in all three schizophrenic
      'responders' but in only one of the remaining patients. The response patterns of
      thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4)
      following TRH infusion were not significantly different in the two groups. No
      significant correlations were found between T3, T4, TSH, or GH response patterns
      and age of patient, duration of illness, medication dose or duration, weight
      change, or hours of sleep preceding testing.

PMID- 6439275
TI  - Is there hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in paedophilia? A pilot
      study.
AB  - The hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis was evaluated in men with paedophilia
      and non-paedophilic paraphilia, and in normal male controls, by infusion of 100
      mcg. of synthetic luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). There were no
      significant differences among groups in age, height, weight, testosterone,
      baseline luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and FSH
      response to LHRH. However, there was a significant difference between the
      paedophilic group and the other two groups in the LH response to LHRH. The
      paedophiles responded with a marked elevation of LH, when compared with the non
      paedophilic paraphiliacs and controls. These data indicate a hypothalamic -
      pituitary - gonadal dysfunction in paedophiles.

PMID- 6439276
TI  - Herniography in atypical inguinal hernia.
AB  - In patients with unclear groin pain herniography has revealed hernia in 36% of
      the patients with a normal physical examination. Most of the hernias detected on
      herniography are of indirect, direct or femoral type. The former two are found
      predominantly among men and the latter among women. These types of hernia are
      defined herniographically according to their location and shape. Whether or not a
      hernia is present is usually obvious although small hernias may be obscured by
      pelvic bone and contrast medium in the inguinal fossae and pouch of Douglas. In
      most patients the hernias are conspicuous and easy to classify correctly.
      Problems may, however, arise in the precise definition of some types of hernia.
      In this respect positive contrast herniography contributes to the pre-operative
      evaluation in patients with inguinal hernia. The aim of the present report is to
      describe some less well-known herniographic findings. The clinical impact of the
      particular findings is discussed.

PMID- 6439277
TI  - Perinatal mortality surveys.

PMID- 6439278
TI  - How hard do general practitioners work?

PMID- 6439279
TI  - What can we do about measles?

PMID- 6439280
TI  - Skin disease: the link with zinc.

PMID- 6439281
TI  - Cardiac abnormalities and exercise tolerance in patients receiving renal
      replacement therapy.
AB  - The exercise tolerance of the survivors of a consecutive group of 100 patients in
      a renal dialysis and transplant programme was compared with the prevalence of
      cardiac abnormalities detected by exercise testing, echocardiography, and
      radionuclide angiography. Fifty four patients attended for investigation 27 (SD
      7) months after starting renal replacement therapy. Forty three of them (80%)
      were receiving antihypertensive treatment. Their performance on a bicycle
      ergometer exercise test was compared with that of 62 normal subjects and the
      patients divided into five groups of decreasing ability. The exercise tolerance
      of the patients was very poor, only 17 performing within the normal range.
      Impairment in exercise capacity was not explained by the type or quality of renal
      replacement therapy. Fourteen patients developed ischaemic electrocardiographic
      changes on exercise. Left ventricular ejection fraction was assessed by gated
      blood pool scanning in 37 patients; all nine of the patients with an abnormally
      low radionuclide ejection fraction also had abnormal exercise tolerance.
      Satisfactory M mode echocardiograms were obtained from 45 of the patients, and
      only two were normal. Left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 25 (56%) of
      the echocardiograms, and abnormalities indicating impaired left ventricular
      function were common and widespread. Grouping all the abnormal cardiac features
      together for the patients in each exercise group showed a striking linear trend
      of increasing proportion of cardiac abnormalities with worsening exercise
      tolerance among the five exercise groups (p less than 0.001). The proportion of
      patients becoming unemployed within one year of starting renal replacement
      therapy similarly increased, from nil to 60% from the best exercise group to the
      most incapacitated. Twenty nine of the original cohort of 100 patients
      subsequently died, cardiovascular disease accounting for 12 (41%) of these
      deaths. Diminished exercise tolerance in patients receiving renal replacement
      therapy is strongly associated with cardiac abnormalities and reduced employment
      prospects.

PMID- 6439282
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis, dark adaptometry, electro-oculography, and vitamin A
      state.
AB  - Twenty five patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were studied for vitamin A
      state. In nine patients found to have low circulating vitamin A concentrations no
      abnormality was found on electro-oculography or in dark adaptation. A positive
      correlation was found between retinol binding protein and vitamin A values (r =
      +0.88; p less than 0.001) and between serum albumin and vitamin A values (r =
      +0.75; p less than 0.001). A weaker and negative correlation was found between
      serum bilirubin (r = -0.47; p less than 0.05) and vitamin A values. Patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis should not receive regular parenteral or even oral
      vitamin A supplementation unless dark adaptometry or electrooculography yields an
      abnormal result.

PMID- 6439283
TI  - Factors affecting development of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - A questionnaire based survey in patients receiving continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis showed that there was an increased incidence of upper
      respiratory tract symptoms (suggestive of viral illness) in the 14 days before
      the development of peritonitis. No other factors were identified that might
      distinguish patients who develop peritonitis. The possibility that viral
      infections predispose to peritonitis by altering host defence mechanisms in
      patients receiving this form of renal replacement therapy warrants further study.

PMID- 6439284
TI  - Aetiology of pressure sores in patients with spinal cord injury.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients admitted to the National Spinal Injuries Centre,
      Stoke Mandeville Hospital, with pressure sores were studied to assess the
      relative importance of factors known to predispose to the development of scores.
      Loss of feeling was critical, because patients were unable to appreciate pain
      when the sore was developing. Risk of developing a sore increased with age, but
      duration of the paralysis was of equal importance. After discharge from hospital
      the presence of a caring relative or friend was essential for survival. Many
      patients developed sores because of poor facilities at home or inappropriate
      advice from those who looked after them. An even more distressing factor was the
      number of patients who developed sores in hospital owing to inadequate nursing
      care. There are relatively few paralysed patients in the community, but the
      lessons learnt in this study may be applied to all patients with orthopaedic
      injuries and to geriatric patients with limited mobility. Nursing and medical
      staff must turn patients regularly and ensure that there is proper equipment to
      relieve pressure on the skin. Patients should not be allowed to sit in a chair if
      they develop a sacral or trochanteric sore. More effort should be directed
      towards the appropriate education of patients, their relatives, and all those who
      are concerned with their welfare.

PMID- 6439285
TI  - Beta blockers and loss of hearing.
AB  - Loss of hearing in a 43 year old man during treatment with metoprolol was dose
      related and disappeared within a few months after the drug had been stopped. The
      hearing impairment was of mixed type, with an air bone gap without any disorder
      of the middle ear observable by conventional clinical methods. Similar scattered
      reports from international sources on loss of hearing during treatment with beta
      blockers are also presented.

PMID- 6439286
TI  - Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on diuretic treatment of mild
      to moderate essential hypertension.
AB  - In an open triple crossover study in 10 patients with mild to moderate essential
      hypertension the influence was investigated of adding indomethacin 50 mg,
      naproxen 250 mg, or sulindac 200 mg, each twice daily for four weeks, to diuretic
      treatment with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg a day. After two weeks' treatment with
      indomethacin a slight increase in blood pressure was observed, whereas both
      sulindac and naproxen tended to enhance the antihypertensive effect of
      hydrochlorothiazide. After treatment for four weeks, however, the effects of all
      three drugs on blood pressure appeared to be blunted. Furthermore, body weight
      increased significantly during treatment with indomethacin but not during
      treatment with naproxen or sulindac. No significant changes were found for
      various biochemical variables, including concentrations of plasma electrolytes
      and serum creatinine and albumin, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone
      concentration, and 24 hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, with the
      exception, however, of an increase in plasma potassium concentration during
      treatment with indomethacin. These observations suggest that the interaction of
      indomethacin, naproxen, and sulindac with diuretic treatment in mild to moderate
      essential hypertension is transient and of minor clinical importance.

PMID- 6439287
TI  - Nodular malignant melanoma and multiple squamous cell carcinomas in a patient
      treated by photochemotherapy for psoriasis.

PMID- 6439288
TI  - Experience with routine reuse of plastic insulin syringes.

PMID- 6439289
TI  - Failure of single dose amoxycillin as prophylaxis against endocarditis.

PMID- 6439290
TI  - Familial membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 6439291
TI  - List size and patient contact in general medical practice.
AB  - One hundred and ninety nine general practitioners collected data on consultations
      with patients for a representative sample of recording days. The number of
      consultations and amount of time spent in patient contact were positively
      correlated with the number of registered patients (list size), whereas the
      consultation rate and the amount of time spent with each patient were negatively
      correlated. These relations, however, were not too strong, and there was
      considerable variation among doctors, particularly for those with lower list
      sizes. These findings have implications for issues concerning quality of care and
      the potential effects of reductions in patient list size.

PMID- 6439292
TI  - Repeat prescriptions: was Balint right?
AB  - The results of a study of repeat prescriptions in a semi-rural general practice
      of 2715 patients showed that 97 people had not attended for review of their drug
      treatment for over 12 months. Nearly 60 patients seemed to elude contact; the
      motivation for this behaviour was divided between pride and fear. A psychological
      study showed pronounced phobic features in the group that was most closely
      aligned to the patients having repeat prescriptions described by the Balint
      group.

PMID- 6439293
TI  - Certifying death in infancy.

PMID- 6439294
TI  - Hospital building in the NHS. Ideas and designs II: harness and nucleus.

PMID- 6439295
TI  - Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device in a patient with a ventricular
      septal defect: need for antibiotic prophylaxis.

PMID- 6439296
TI  - Violence.

PMID- 6439297
TI  - Suspected Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 6439298
TI  - Consequences of assessment and intervention among elderly people: a three year
      randomised controlled trial.
AB  - Over three years 285 randomly selected subjects aged 75 years or more and living
      in a suburb of Copenhagen were visited every three months in their own homes (the
      intervention group) to assess whether scheduled medically and socially preventive
      intervention would influence the number of admissions to hospitals or nursing
      homes, the number of contacts with general practice, or mortality. A randomly
      selected group of 287 people of the same age and sex were visited during the
      final three months of the study (the control group). Two hundred and nineteen
      admissions to hospitals (4884 bed days) were registered for the intervention
      group compared with 271 (6442 bed days) for the control group. Especially during
      the second half of the study, a significant reduction in the number of admissions
      to hospitals was seen in the intervention group. Twenty people in the
      intervention group and 29 in the control group moved into nursing homes (p
      greater than 0.05). The corresponding numbers of deaths were 56 and 75 (p less
      than 0.05). No difference was seen in the number of contacts with general
      practice. Significantly fewer emergency medical calls, however, were registered
      for the intervention group. Subjects in the intervention group benefited from the
      regular visits and the increased distribution of aids and modifications to their
      homes to which these led. The regular visits probably also produced an important
      increase in confidence.

PMID- 6439299
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of car occupants: comparative survey over 24 months.
AB  - The severity of injuries sustained by 2577 car occupants in road traffic
      accidents in the catchment area of one district accident service during February
      1982 to January 1984 inclusive was assessed using the injury severity score
      system. In the first 12 months the mean injury severity score for front seat
      occupants injured in a road traffic accident was 4.94 and in the second 12 month
      period, after the implementation of the seat belt law, the mean injury severity
      score of all injured front seat occupants was 2.80. These figures indicated a
      reduction in injury severity of front seat occupants of 53.4% on the previous 12
      month figures. The severity of injury sustained by unbelted front seat occupants
      and back seat passengers showed no significant change over the two years. The
      number of front seat occupants killed or sustaining serious injuries (injury
      severity score greater than 12) showed a reduction of 54% in the 12 months
      beginning February 1983. Front seat occupants requiring admission for injuries
      sustained showed a decline of 42% in the 12 months after the introduction of the
      seat belt law, and deaths among front seat occupants fell by 27% compared with
      the previous 12 months. After the implementation of seat belt legislation those
      front seat occupants killed or sustaining serious injuries included a
      significantly higher proportion of victims who were not wearing their seat belts
      or showed positive evidence of alcohol intake at the time of the accident. This
      series suggests that the incidence of serious injury or deaths among front seat
      occupants of cars has decreased substantially since the seat belt law became
      effective on 31 January 1983.

PMID- 6439300
TI  - Consensus development conference: coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 6439301
TI  - Jury dismissed in the Dr Gee case.

PMID- 6439302
TI  - Apnoea alarms.

PMID- 6439303
TI  - Which patients are cured of breast cancer?

PMID- 6439304
TI  - ABC of poisoning: opioids.

PMID- 6439305
TI  - ABC of poisoning: paracetamol.

PMID- 6439306
TI  - Hyperviscosity syndrome in IgE myeloma.

PMID- 6439307
TI  - Treating fissure in ano in outpatients under local anaesthesia.

PMID- 6439308
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on upper gastrointestinal bleeding after renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 6439309
TI  - Midazolam in intensive care.

PMID- 6439310
TI  - Nocturnal deaths among patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

PMID- 6439311
TI  - Pulmonary thromboembolism presenting as abdominal pain.

PMID- 6439312
TI  - The care of infants with gastroenteritis.

PMID- 6439313
TI  - Management budgets in the NHS.

PMID- 6439314
TI  - Hearts and minds.

PMID- 6439315
TI  - NHS thik hai?

PMID- 6439316
TI  - Confidentiality of personal health information.

PMID- 6439317
TI  - Recurrent pyoderma in a family with a defect in leucocyte locomotion.
AB  - Granulocyte functions including leucocyte locomotion and chemoluminescence were
      studied in three generations of a family in which all male members had presented
      with recurrent pyoderma. While parameters of humoral immunity including serum
      concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE and of complement components C3 and C4
      as well as the response of mononuclear leucocytes to mitogens proved to be within
      the normal range, leucocyte locomotion was found to be severely impaired in all
      affected subjects. Moreover, granulocyte dysfunction in male members was
      associated with the occurrence of a single haplotype (HLA-A2, B13, DR7). These
      findings suggest that the defect in leucocyte locomotion and the pyoderma might
      not only have been inherited in an X linked manner but might also have been
      linked to a gene within the inherited HLA haplotype.

PMID- 6439318
TI  - Efficacy of facemask resuscitation at birth.
AB  - The efficacy of facemask resuscitation was assessed by measuring the expiratory
      tidal volume during the first three inflations in nine babies with birth asphyxia
      and comparing the results with those obtained in a further nine babies
      resuscitated after endotracheal intubation. The facemask system was relatively
      inefficient, with tidal exchange less than one third of that seen after
      intubation and rarely sufficient to produce adequate alveolar ventilation.
      Successful resuscitation depended on stimulating the baby to make his own
      respiratory efforts.

PMID- 6439319
TI  - Cutaneous insulin allergy responsive to oral desensitisation and aspirin.
AB  - A diabetic man with no previous history of allergy began to suffer itchy, painful
      swelling at the sites of injection after three months' treatment with bovine
      insulin. Insulin specific IgE concentrations (1.2-2.0 U/ml) were higher than in
      non-allergic diabetics (mean 0.4 (SD 0.06) U/ml) but lower than in most other
      patients allergic to insulin (1.0-19.0 U/ml). Standard approaches failed to
      overcome the allergic reaction, and four separate attempts at desensitisation
      were unsuccessful. The patient was then given oral insulin 800 U thrice daily
      together with enteric coated aspirin 1300 mg thrice daily for one week, and
      subsequent desensitisation with neutral insulin injection was carried out
      successfully. On stopping the aspirin the original reactions returned, and
      aspirin was therefore reinstituted as a permanent part of treatment. Whatever the
      mechanism in this patient, oral desensitisation and aspirin provided a simple
      method for treating a difficult condition.

PMID- 6439320
TI  - Retrospective diagnosis of congenital rubella.
AB  - One hundred and five children and adolescents with impaired hearing and 19 with
      impaired vision underwent in vitro tests (lymphocyte responsiveness and serum
      antibody to rubella) for retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine rubella. Tests
      yielded results consistent with intrauterine rubella in 30 (29%) of the patients
      with impaired hearing but only one (5%) of those with impaired vision. In
      addition, the reported incidence (10.8%) of rubella as a cause of deafness was
      obtained by questioning parents before the tests. Of 27 patients with impaired
      hearing of unknown aetiology but reported rubella contact during the pregnancy,
      seven (26%) had test results consistent with intrauterine rubella. The incidence
      of intrauterine rubella as a cause of deafness is probably underestimated when
      the diagnosis is based on the presence of several classic features.

PMID- 6439321
TI  - Does random blood glucose sampling outdate testing for glycosuria in the
      detection of diabetes during pregnancy?
AB  - A random blood glucose concentration was determined in 2403 pregnant women
      attending an antenatal clinic at between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. The
      calculated 99% cut off values were 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/100 ml) within two hours
      after a meal and 5.6 mmol/l (101 mg/100 ml) more than two hours after a meal.
      Patients with a blood glucose concentration in excess of these values were
      referred for a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Of 59 referred, four were found
      to have previously unsuspected but unequivocal diabetes mellitus and another four
      to have impaired glucose tolerance on the basis of the World Health
      Organisation's criteria. Screening all antenatal patients by randomly measuring
      blood glucose concentrations is not only cheap and efficient but also does not
      interfere with the routine of busy antenatal clinics.

PMID- 6439322
TI  - HLA-DR typing in coeliac disease: evidence for genetic heterogeneity.
AB  - Sixty nine propositi from a family study of coeliac disease were typed for HLA-DR
      antigens. Sixty three (91%) were found to carry the antigen DR3, which was a
      significantly greater proportion (p = 9.6 X 10(-24] than among the 168 controls
      (26%). Concurrently 42 children with the disease were DR typed. Not only was the
      frequency of DR3 significantly increased in these patients (86% versus 26% in
      controls; p = 3.1 X 10(-12] but so also was the frequency of DR7 (patients 60%,
      controls 29%; p = 5.8 X 10(-4]. When those propositi whose coeliac disease
      presented before the age of 20 were combined with the childhood coeliac group and
      a comparison made between these patients and the remainder of the propositi, all
      of whom presented when they were older than 20, the childhood onset group had a
      significant excess of DR7 (p = 2.2 X 10(-3] and a significant deficiency of DR2
      (p = 3.5 X 10(-3]. These findings indicate that childhood coeliac disease and
      adult coeliac disease are genetically heterogeneous.

PMID- 6439323
TI  - The sick building syndrome: prevalence studies.
AB  - Random samples or the entire workforce in nine offices in which similar clerical
      work was being performed were studied using a doctor administered questionnaire
      that inquired into symptoms that have been linked with the "sick building
      syndrome." Five of the offices were fully air conditioned, one had recirculation
      of air and mechanical ventilation, and three were naturally ventilated. Workers
      in three air conditioned and three naturally ventilated buildings were
      interviewed blind. Seven of the buildings were studied at our request in the
      absence of any known problem. Comparison of prevalences of symptoms between the
      naturally ventilated and the other buildings showed a repeated pattern of nasal,
      eye, and mucous membrane symptoms with lethargy, dry skin, and headaches. There
      were highly significant excesses of these six symptoms in the air conditioned
      buildings when compared by chi 2 tests with the naturally ventilated buildings.
      It is suggested that these six symptoms represent the sick building syndrome and
      that the size of the problem is probably greater than is currently recognised.
      Possible causes are discussed.

PMID- 6439324
TI  - High mean platelet volume after myocardial infarction: is it due to consumption
      of small platelets?
AB  - Seventy nine men surviving after sustaining a myocardial infarction in 1982, and
      who had at that time had raised mean platelet volumes compared with controls,
      were followed up after 18 months. The shape of each man's platelet distribution
      curve was calculated from the mean platelet volume, platelet count, and platelet
      distribution width. The calculated curves were in close agreement with the curves
      plotted by the Coulter counter from the raw data. These curves did not differ
      significantly from those of a current control group, but the curves plotted from
      the variables measured at the time of myocardial infarction in 1982 showed a
      deficit of platelets in the volume range 5-12 fl amounting at maximum to 30% (p
      less than 0.0001); there were no significant differences above 12 fl. The deficit
      of small platelets became more appreciable during initial admission, was less at
      one month's follow up, and had disappeared at one year. The deficit of small
      platelets is probably an effect rather than a cause of infarction.

PMID- 6439325
TI  - Cardiac arrest after treatment with intravenous domperidone.

PMID- 6439326
TI  - Prevalence of migraine in patients with diabetes.

PMID- 6439327
TI  - Urinoma complicating papillary necrosis in diabetes.

PMID- 6439328
TI  - Management of retained biliary calculi: relaxation of sphincter induced by
      ceruletide.

PMID- 6439329
TI  - Leptospirosis complicated by fatal intracerebral haemorrhage.

PMID- 6439330
TI  - Non-accidental injury in children: two cases of concealment of self injury.

PMID- 6439331
TI  - Outbreak of septicaemia due to contaminated mouthwash.

PMID- 6439332
TI  - Facilitating prevention in primary care.
AB  - We believe that many general practitioners would practice preventive medicine if
      they had the opportunity to organise their practice to do this. We therefore
      provided a "facilitator," who understands the work of a general practice, to help
      practices that were interested in prevention to set up programmes. She, for
      example, helped the primary care team to set up objectives, trained practice
      nurses to measure blood pressure, and set up a system to measure the progress of
      the programme.

PMID- 6439333
TI  - Underprivileged areas: validation and distribution of scores.
AB  - Underprivileged areas were identified by weighting several census variables that
      relate to social conditions, by using weights determined by means of a
      questionnaire sent to one in 10 of the general practitioners in the United
      Kingdom. The weighted variables were added (after statistical manipulation) to
      give a score for each of the 9265 electoral wards in England and Wales. Blank
      ward maps were sent to general practitioners in five family practitioner
      committee areas and they were asked to shade the wards according to the degree to
      which the population increased their workload or the pressure on their services.
      Maps of these same areas were then prepared by using the calculated scores with
      the cut off points between the worst, the intermediate, and the best areas as on
      those used by the general practitioners. The two sets of maps were then compared
      to determine how well the maps that were based on scores agreed with the general
      practitioners' maps showing their assessment of the variation of workload in
      their areas. Overall, 6.3% of the wards differed in shading in any way between
      the two sets of maps. In the three areas where the general practitioners shaded
      complete wards and did not report having difficulties with shading only 1.2% of
      the wards differed. It may be possible to use these "underprivileged area" scores
      to indicate where problems occur for general practitioners and to extend this
      work to other primary health care workers.

PMID- 6439334
TI  - Drugs taken by mothers in the puerperium: inpatient survey in Northern Ireland.
AB  - In an inpatient survey the medication records of 2004 mothers both breast and
      bottle feeding were examined and the drugs taken in the early postnatal period
      recorded. No notable differences existed between the types of drugs prescribed
      for breast feeding and bottle feeding mothers. Iron, vitamins, and mild
      analgesics were taken routinely by the population, and antibiotics, laxatives,
      and hypnotics were frequently prescribed. A wide range of other drugs and
      preparations were taken or used. Although data were available for some of the
      drugs, there were many whose concentrations in breast milk and potential risk to
      the suckling infant were unknown. Data are urgently required on hypnotics,
      narcotic analgesics, antiemetics, antihistaminics, and some antimicrobial agents
      with respect to their concentrations in breast milk and their safety for the
      suckling infant.

PMID- 6439335
TI  - A layman's guide to grommets.

PMID- 6439336
TI  - Hospital building in the NHS. Things that go wrong.

PMID- 6439337
TI  - Hypoglycaemia during illness in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 6439338
TI  - Teaching terminal care at Queen's University of Belfast. II--Teaching
      arrangements and assessment of topic.

PMID- 6439339
TI  - Impaired driving: responsibility from a distance.

PMID- 6439341
TI  - Doctors, drugs, and the DHSS.

PMID- 6439340
TI  - Two cases of falciparum malaria acquired in Britain.
AB  - Two cases of severe falciparum malaria contracted in the United Kingdom occurred
      in residents of Sussex, living 10 and 15 km from Gatwick airport. One patient was
      the landlord of a public house much frequented by aircrew, and the other was the
      wife of a worker at the airport, who travelled close to the public house on the
      probable date she contracted her infection. Transmission was most probably due to
      the bite of an infected imported tropical anopheline mosquito transported in a
      vehicle from the aircraft to the site of transmission during the very hot and
      humid weather of July 1983. Prevention of further cases depends on increased
      diligence in "blocks-away" destruction of insects in aircraft flying from endemic
      areas, but there is a need for more study of acceptable alternative ways of
      delivering the insecticide. This "airport malaria" is well recognised on the
      continent, and physicians should be aware of its existence in those who have not
      travelled abroad but live or work near international airports.

PMID- 6439342
TI  - Ultrasonic screening for small for dates fetuses.

PMID- 6439343
TI  - Importance of surgical consultation after ultrasonic diagnosis.

PMID- 6439344
TI  - Brain stem death.

PMID- 6439345
TI  - Children in a persistent vegetative state.

PMID- 6439346
TI  - Anencephaly in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

PMID- 6439347
TI  - Lower cranial nerve motor function in unilateral vascular lesions of the cerebral
      hemisphere.

PMID- 6439348
TI  - Is unemployment a cause of parasuicide?

PMID- 6439349
TI  - Injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle.

PMID- 6439350
TI  - Beta blockers and verapamil: a cautionary tale.

PMID- 6439351
TI  - ABC of poisoning: sedative and hypnotic drugs.

PMID- 6439352
TI  - Delayed deterioration of consciousness after trivial head injury in childhood.

PMID- 6439353
TI  - Improved information for the NHS.

PMID- 6439354
TI  - Impact of the Trade Union Act 1984 on the BMA.

PMID- 6439355
TI  - Why measure cholesterol after myocardial infarction, and when?

PMID- 6439356
TI  - Aseptic rituals unmasked.

PMID- 6439357
TI  - Slow release theophyllines and chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6439358
TI  - Relevance of increased serum thyroxine concentrations associated with normal
      serum triiodothyronine values in hypothyroid patients receiving thyroxine: a case
      for "tissue thyrotoxicosis".
AB  - Fifteen patients receiving standard thyroxine replacement therapy (100-200
      micrograms daily) for primary hypothyroidism and who had persistently raised free
      thyroxine concentrations in their serum were investigated to see whether the dose
      being given was too high. In addition to the usual thyroid hormone assays
      systolic time intervals (which indicate left ventricular contractility) were
      calculated as accurate reflectors of tissue thyroid activity. All patients showed
      the expected increased free and total thyroxine concentrations; but mean total
      and free concentrations of triiodothyronine were normal, while reverse
      triiodothyronine values were raised. Mean systolic time intervals were
      significantly reduced as compared with normal and fell within the thyrotoxic
      range. Seven patients subsequently had their doses of thyroxine reduced by 50
      micrograms daily and were reinvestigated one month later. All showed significant
      falls in circulating thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations and an
      increase in mean systolic time intervals to the normal range. In patients
      receiving thyroxine replacement therapy for primary hypothyroidism a raised serum
      thyroxine concentration may indicate tissue thyrotoxicosis and should prompt a
      reduction of the thyroxine dose.

PMID- 6439359
TI  - Successful plasma exchange in type 1 leprosy reversal reaction.
AB  - A 24 year old man admitted to hospital with borderline lepromatous leprosy was
      treated with rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine. After four months he developed
      a reversal reaction and the diagnosis was modified to borderline tuberculoid
      leprosy. The dose of clofazimine was raised and prednisolone added to the regimen
      without any symptomatic response. His condition improved dramatically after five
      plasma exchanges on five successive days.

PMID- 6439360
TI  - Plasma theophylline concentrations, six minute walking distances, and
      breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
AB  - Twenty patients with chronic bronchitis were given incremental dosages of a new
      slow release preparation of theophylline and observed for its effect on lung
      function and exercise tolerance. Measurements were made subjectively by using
      visual analogue scales and objectively using six minute walking distances and
      spirometry. The study was placebo controlled and had a double blind randomised
      design. In the dosages used (200, 400, 600, and 800 mg) theophylline produced no
      significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second or forced vital
      capacity, and there was no overall improvement in peak expiratory flow rate.
      Similarly, neither effort tolerance nor degree of breathlessness appeared to be
      influenced by the drug, even when unacceptably high dosages were used. By
      contrast, placebo yielded a 7% increase in the six minute walking distance. From
      these results it seems difficult to justify the routine, indiscriminate use of
      theophylline for chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6439361
TI  - How soon after myocardial infarction should plasma lipid values be assessed?
AB  - Because acute myocardial infarction may affect plasma lipid concentrations it is
      commonly recommended that assessment of these concentrations should be delayed
      until about three months after the acute event. A study was therefore conducted
      of fasting plasma lipid concentrations in 58 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction. Measurements were made during their stay in hospital (days 1, 2, and
      9) and three months later. Triglyceride concentrations remained unchanged
      throughout. Values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and high
      density lipoprotein all fell significantly between the first two days and day 9.
      Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein also showed significant falls
      between days 1 and 2. Nevertheless, fasting plasma lipid concentrations showed no
      significant difference at any time during the first 48 hours from values measured
      three months later. After the infarction 26 patients changed to eating less fat
      or less energy, or both. More patients had hypercholesterolaemia in the first 48
      hours than at three months. These results suggest that lipid state may be
      assessed as accurately, and possibly more accurately, during the first 48 hours
      after acute myocardial infarction than at three months.

PMID- 6439362
TI  - Fast neutron treatment as an alternative to radical surgery for malignant tumours
      of the facial area.
AB  - Thirty one patients with very advanced tumours of the maxillary sinus were
      treated with fast neutrons. Tumour regressed completely in 29 (94%) and
      subsequently recurred in four (14%). No surgical excision of bone, skin, or nerve
      was required, and an artificial eye was well tolerated in cases where the eye
      received the tumour dose and had to be removed. Complications occurred in 10
      patients, two of whom had already received radical x ray treatment. The overall
      duration of neutron treatment was four weeks, and admission to hospital was
      usually unnecessary. These results compared well with those obtained with
      surgery. Surgery with curative intent for even moderately advanced tumours of the
      facial region, particularly the paranasal sinuses, results in deformity, which is
      often severe and always irreversible. Even so, the cure rate is only about 35%.
      The high rates of tumour control and the avoidance of severe cosmetic and
      functional defects after fast neutron treatment make it an alternative to radical
      surgery in the management of malignant tumours of the facial area.

PMID- 6439363
TI  - Postmortem diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 6439364
TI  - Miscibility of human and bovine ultralente insulin with soluble insulin.

PMID- 6439365
TI  - What are safe levels of alcohol consumption?

PMID- 6439366
TI  - Hyponatraemia associated with trimethoprim and a diuretic.

PMID- 6439367
TI  - Abnormalities of cardiac conduction in diabetics.

PMID- 6439368
TI  - Nasal obstruction in healthy neonates.

PMID- 6439369
TI  - Sources of error in recording the blood pressure of patients with hypertension in
      general practice.
AB  - Sources of error in recording the blood pressures of patients with hypertension
      in general practice were examined for 1072 patients over two and a half years. A
      highly significant preference for terminal digit 0 was shown, but terminal digit
      preference operates in a different manner around important thresholds. Doctors
      did not adhere consistently to the protocol that they accepted. These sources of
      bias affect the calculations of mean blood pressure and have considerable
      implications for decisions about treatment for many patients.

PMID- 6439370
TI  - Helen House--a hospice for children: analysis of the first year.
AB  - Helen House, a hospice for children, opened in Oxford in November 1982. From then
      until December 1983 care was provided for 52 children with terminal illness,
      progressive and incurable illness, and very severe handicap. The children came
      from a wide area of the United Kingdom, and eight died during the year. The style
      of care provided in Helen House is based on that of the families in their own
      homes, with a minimum of rules, regulations, and routines. Terminal care follows
      the principles developed by hospices experienced in the care of adults. Despite
      the great sadness and distress associated with every child admitted, Helen House
      is neither a sombre nor a depressing place.

PMID- 6439371
TI  - On the state of the public ill health: premature mortality in the United Kingdom
      and Europe.
AB  - Recently published data on mortality in the European Economic Community and
      Scandinavia convincingly showed that mortality among men and women aged 45-64 was
      considerably higher in the United Kingdom than elsewhere. This applied to deaths
      due to circulatory and respiratory disease, cancer, and all causes. For example,
      in 1980 in Scotland twice as many, or more, women aged 55-64 per 100 000 died of
      heart disease than in Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, West Germany, the
      Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Reductions in mortality from all causes during
      1950-80 in the United Kingdom did not match those in other countries, such as
      Finland and France. Whether the public in the United Kingdom knows about its
      relatively poor mortality state is doubtful. To secure improved funding of
      appropriate preventive and treatment services directed at reducing premature
      mortality, public awareness should be raised urgently so that politicians and
      political parties will respond quickly in a way that the problem demands.

PMID- 6439372
TI  - Mental health care in the district hospital.

PMID- 6439373
TI  - Writing it down.

PMID- 6439374
TI  - How hospitals are built.

PMID- 6439375
TI  - Perianal abscess: "Have I excluded leukaemia"?

PMID- 6439376
TI  - Dr Gee defends his treatment.

PMID- 6439377
TI  - Doctors, drugs, and the DHSS.

PMID- 6439378
TI  - Help for the child who is sexually abused.

PMID- 6439379
TI  - Need for antibiotic prophylaxis during hair electrolysis?

PMID- 6439380
TI  - Oblique rib views after blunt chest trauma: an unnecessary routine?

PMID- 6439381
TI  - C reactive protein concentrations during long distance running.

PMID- 6439382
TI  - Low protein diets in chronic renal disease.

PMID- 6439383
TI  - Pathology laboratories, management, and the future: fact or fantasy? A glimpse
      into a crystal ball.

PMID- 6439384
TI  - [Principles and present possibilities in the prevention of infection in
      neutropenic patients].

PMID- 6439385
TI  - Vascular compression of the duodenum--operative and non-operative treatment.

PMID- 6439386
TI  - Systemic treatment of septicaemia caused by P. aeruginosa with special reference
      to azlocillin.
AB  - Of the pathogens causing septicaemia due to Gram-negative bacteria at Zentrum der
      Inneren Medizin, Frankfurt, over a 7-year period (1974-80), 16.8 per cent were
      due to P. aeruginosa. Analysis of all septicaemias over this period, however,
      shows a decrease from 13 per cent in the 3-year period 1974-76 to 8 per cent in
      1977-79 and 5 per cent P. aeruginosa septicaemia in 1980. The overall mortality
      rate was 66 per cent, most of the patients dying within 24 hours. Azlocillin and
      Piperacillin are at present the drugs of choice for systemic therapy of
      pseudomonas infections, preferably in combination with an aminoglycoside.

PMID- 6439387
TI  - [Identification of the so-called 48 K protein that interacts with illuminated
      rhodopsin in retinal rods, and the retinal S antigen, inductor of experimental
      autoimmune uveoretinitis].
AB  - In Vertebrate retinal rod outer segments, a soluble "48 K" protein binds to disk
      membranes upon illumination in presence of ATP or GTP (H. Kuhn, Biochemistry, 17,
      1978, p. 4389). Its binding to photoexcited rhodopsin implies a probable role of
      the "48 K" protein in the ATP dependent regulation of the photoinduced enzymatic
      cascade which controls the hydrolysis of cGMP. The "retinal S antigen" is also a
      soluble protein located in photoreceptor cells which is known to be an organ
      specific auto-antigen inducing experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Using
      extracts of purified cattle and frog rod outer segments, purified bovine S
      antigen, and monoclonal antibodies against S antigen, we found that both proteins
      exhibit identical characteristics with respect to: their migration in SD S-gel
      electrophoresis; their binding to rod disc membranes upon illumination in
      presence of ATP or GTP; their immunological reactivity with monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6439388
TI  - [Distribution of calmodulin in bovine lens; changes as a function of age].
AB  - Calmodulin contents were determined by radioimmunoassay in Bovine lens layers as
      a function of age. The values in the epithelial cell layer appeared to be
      strikingly higher than in the cortical layer where they were still higher than in
      the nucleus. In the lens epithelial cell layer the calmodulin levels were
      maintained when calf was compared with adult or aged animals (100-110 ng/mg
      protein). Nevertheless, a decrease of calmodulin content was observed in the lens
      epithelium of very old animals (65 ng/mg prot.). In the cortical layer, the
      calmodulin content was very low and variable during aging (11-18 ng/mg prot.). In
      the lens nucleus the extremely low amount of calmodulin still decreased during
      aging (10-0.2 ng/mg prot.). The significance of these data was discussed.

PMID- 6439389
TI  - [Demonstration of a sudden change in the use of codons in the vicinity of
      transcription termination].
AB  - A characteristic profile of fluctuations in the use of codons is seen in
      bacteriophages, Mammal mitochondria and animal viruses. Following DNA in the
      direction of transcription, one goes slowly from an area rich in codons ending by
      C to an area rich in codons ending by T and then one falls abruptly in an area
      rich in C. The termination of transcription is located in the area where the use
      of codons changes suddenly. It seems that the choice of codons ending by T or C
      is directed by the necessity to have a variation in the stability of the DNA. We
      propose a dynamic model where large scale variations of the stability of the DNA
      regulates the speed of propagation of the RNA-polymerase.

PMID- 6439390
TI  - [Recovery of the in vitro reactivity of splenic cells of CBA/N mice toward type 2
      thymus-independent antigens].
AB  - CBA/N mice bearing a chromosome X linked immunological deficiency (Xid) cannot
      respond to type 2 thymus independent antigens (TI-2). However, when their spleen
      cells are in vitro simultaneously stimulated by both a TI-2 (Fluorescein
      conjugated polyacrylamide, Flu-PAA) antigen and a type 1 thymus independent
      (Trinitrophenyl conjugated Brucella abortus, TNP-BA) antigen, their capacity to
      respond to the TI-2 antigen is recovered. On the contrary, thymus dependent (TD)
      Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antigen did not produce any significant increase of
      the anti-TI-2 response.

PMID- 6439391
TI  - [Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive calcitonin in rats during lactation].
AB  - A mild hypocalcemia (0.5 mg/dl) is observed in rats after 14 days of lactation,
      but plasma and thyroidal calcitonin (CT) levels are both increased on day 7 of
      lactation. Plasma CT levels are higher (x2) in lactating females than those found
      in virgin females from day 7 to the end of lactation (21 days). In vitro, the CT
      secretion rate after calcium stimulation(3 mM) is not different between lactating
      and virgin females. The rapid removal of pups after parturition in control
      females induces a rebound in plasma calcium (+1.4 mg/dl) and plasma phosphate
      (+1.6 mg/dl) associated with elevated plasma CT values. Our results suggest, that
      the transient mild hypocalcemia of lactation is preceded by increased plasma CT
      levels; and that it is not the cause of elevated plasma parathyroid hormone
      levels already reported by us.

PMID- 6439392
TI  - [Hypotheses on the establishment of a genetic code and transfer of information
      from proteinoids to nucleic acids].
AB  - An hypothesis is proposed in which the specificity of interaction between an
      aminoacid and a nucleotide sequence of a tRNA would be enhanced by a ternary
      association with a specific proteinoid. These strict relations would have led to
      the present genetic code that we know. It is also proposed that the origin of the
      enzymatic activity of the primitive proteinoids would have arisen from the
      presence of different substrates during polymerisation, which would have favored
      specific sequences of aminoacids by forming more stable complexes with them,
      corresponding to the lowest free enthalpy. The information included in the
      aminoacid sequences of the proteinoids would have been transferred to messenger
      type RNA, according to a mechanism reverse of that for the present process for
      protein synthesis, and then to DNA.

PMID- 6439393
TI  - [Effect of 3-hydroxymethyl-N-methylpiperidine (4-chlorophenoxyacetate)
      hydrochloride on feeding behavior. Toxicity and neuropsychopharmacology].
AB  - The 3-hydroxymethyl N-methyl piperidine (4-chlorophenoxy) acetate, hydrochloride,
      A, has been tested for its effect on feeding behavior. This first non-amphetamine
      substance, with low toxicity and without psychotropic activity, affects the
      satiety center by reducing gold thioglucose-induced obesity in mice.

PMID- 6439394
TI  - [Changes in the glomerular filtration barrier during aging in rats].
AB  - In this work, we analysed histochemical, biochemical and functional modifications
      of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), occurring for aging, in the Rat. The
      results suggest an increase of collagenous components and a decrease of sulfated
      glucosaminoglycans as a function of age. In other respects, fixed anionic sites
      of the GBM, disclosed by colloidal iron, are almost exclusively restricted to the
      laminae rarae in one month-old rats, whereas the marker appears randomly
      scattered among the lamina densa in 12 month-old animals. These changes could be
      the cause of increased permeability of the GBM during aging.

PMID- 6439395
TI  - [Homologous radioimmunoassay of a hypothalamic factor stimulating salmon
      pituitary gonodatropic function (sGnRH)].
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for Salmon Gn-RH p-gly-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Trp- Leu-Pro-Gly)
      (NH2) has been developed with a sensitivity of 7 pg/assay tube. The system allows
      the specific detection of an immunological GnRH related substance in the brain
      and pituitary of three teleost species but not in an elasmobranch the Dogfish.
      these results are discussed and some Gn-RH contents of the organs are proposed.

PMID- 6439396
TI  - [Dedifferentiation and remodeling of motor endplates following experimental
      localized lesions of muscle fibers].
AB  - Local anaesthetics, cardiotoxin and mechanical injuries may cause necrosis of
      muscle fibres while leaving the motor nerve fibres and their terminals intact.
      With local injuries to mouse muscles carried out by freezing or cutting we made a
      point of preserving both the nerve terminals and the muscle fibre portions on
      which these terminals were located. It was thus possible to follow the changes
      induced at endplates by these lesions. Within two or three days of the freezing
      or cutting, the muscle fibres underwent very different degrees of regression of
      the contractile material and T-system. The neuromuscular junctions also underwent
      changes, principally affecting their postsynaptic portion, in particular the
      folds of the subneural apparatus. After dedifferentiation of subsynaptic areas,
      we observed sprouting of the nerve terminal on muscle fibres which survived the
      amputation of one end and formed actively new myofibrils. This sprouting restored
      synaptic connections at the original sites, but with new structural features and
      correlative changes in the distribution of cholinergic receptors and
      cholinesterases. It is probable that after a phase of involution followed by a
      phase of recovery, the injured muscle fibres triggered off the nerve terminal
      sprouting which led to the remodelling of the endplates.

PMID- 6439397
TI  - Immunoglobulin G1 Fc in colostral whey.
AB  - Two IgG1 fragments were isolated from bovine colostral whey. Based on gel
      diffusion analysis, both fragments originated from the Fc portion of the molecule
      but were not identical to IgG1 Fc prepared by papain cleavage. The molecular
      weights were determined to be 66,000 and 14,000 daltons and it was hypothesized
      that the larger fragment could be a polymer of the smaller. No IgG1 Fab or IgG2
      fragments could be demonstrated.

PMID- 6439398
TI  - Relative amounts of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid
      from normal and osteochondrotic swine joints.
AB  - Twenty eight nonlame and ten lame pigs were used to study glycosaminoglycans in
      synovial fluid from normal and osteochondrotic elbow and stifle joints. The
      results indicated that porcine synovial fluid contains both hyaluronic acid and
      chondroitin sulfate and that the chondroitin sulfate to hyaluronic acid ratio is
      similar (P less than 0.05) between normal and osteochondrotic joints.

PMID- 6439399
TI  - The disposition and the liver and thymus gland toxicity of 3,3',4,4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl in the female rat.
AB  - 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) was administered orally to adult female
      Sprague--Dawley rats in the oral dosage regimen, 5 mg X kg-1 X day-1 for 21 days,
      followed by a 22-day postdosing period. Control animals received either the corn
      oil vehicle (1 mL X kg-1 X day-1) or no treatment. 3,3',4,4'-TCBP distributed
      preferentially into the adipose tissue and liver, and apparent steady-state
      xenobiotic concentrations were attained in the adipose tissue (8 micrograms/g)
      and liver (300 ng/g) prior to the cessation of dosing. The 3,3',4,4'-TCBP
      concentrations in the serum, brain, kidneys, and thymus gland were lower and more
      variable than those in the adipose tissue and liver. During the postdosing
      period, 3,3',4,4'-TCBP was eliminated from the adipose tissue and liver by
      apparent first-order kinetics with elimination half-life values of 2.5 days and
      0.8 day, respectively. The major route of excretion of unmetabolized 3,3',4,4'
      TCBP was via the feces, and the amount excreted over 24 h did not exceed 8% of
      the dose administered on any given day. Throughout the experiment, there were no
      differences in the body weight or food and water intake for the 3,3',4,4'-TCBP
      treated animals compared with the corn-oil-treated and nontreated rats. There was
      a significant increase in liver weight and a significant decrease in thymus gland
      weight for the 3,3',4,4'-TCBP-treated rats compared with the corn-oil-treated
      rats at the cessation of dosing and at 11 days thereafter, but there were no
      observable histological changes in these organs as assessed by light
      microscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439400
TI  - Reduced glutathione modulates the arachidonic acid induced coronary reactions.
AB  - Coronary flow was recorded from spontaneously beating isolated perfused hearts of
      rats and guinea pigs. Arachidonic acid (AA), in single bolus doses, produced a
      fast short lasting coronary constriction followed by a slow developing but
      persisting vasodilation. These reactions (biphasic type) were characteristic of
      the guinea pig heart. In about 50% of the rat hearts the vasoconstrictor action
      predominated while the biphasic response was obtained in the rest of the
      experiments. Pretreatment of rats with aspirin prevented the responses to AA in
      the isolated heart. The administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) (about 1 mM
      to the rat or 0.5-0.75 mM to the guinea pig hearts) produced a marked development
      and (or) enhancement of the vasodilator action of AA. Repeated or single large
      doses of AA produced a change of pattern of responses from biphasic to
      constrictor type; the addition of GSH restored the vasodilator phase. Since GSH
      directs the endoperoxide metabolism towards the synthesis of prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2), we postulate that the coronary dilatation of resistance vessels produced
      by AA would be due to a great extent to PGE2.

PMID- 6439401
TI  - Recovery of function in sympathetic nerves of interscapular brown adipose tissue
      of rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - Twenty-four hours after subcutaneous administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in warm-acclimated rats, noradrenaline (NA)
      content and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity of interscapular brown
      adipose tissue (IBAT) were reduced to about 10 and 35% of control values.
      Corresponding values for cold-acclimated rats, similarly treated, were 12 and
      32%. In both groups of animals, calorigenic function in IBAT assessed by
      measurement of the effect of cold exposure on rate of blood flow through the
      tissue was lost almost completely. Twenty-four hours after treatment of rats with
      various doses of 6-OHDA, calorigenesis in IBAT was directly related to residual
      NA. Measurements of noradrenaline content and DBH activity from 1 to 10 days
      after 6-OHDA and the increase in IBAT blood flow of cold-exposed animals from 1
      to 7 days after 6-OHDA indicated marked differences in the extent to which each
      of these indicators of the integrity and function of sympathetic nerve endings
      recovered with time and with the acclimation temperature of the animals.
      Regeneration of macromolecular components of noradrenergic vesicles in IBAT
      appeared to occur more rapidly in cold than in warm-acclimated animals. Thus,
      moderate doses of 6-OHDA may acutely sympathectomize IBAT, but as previously
      reported for other tissues, full recovery of function of IBAT occurs long before
      noradrenaline stores are replenished.

PMID- 6439402
TI  - Flow and pressure responses of coronary arteries and veins to vasodilating
      agents.
AB  - The response to a bolus injection of nitroglycerine, adenosine, nifedipine, and
      dipyridamole of the canine systemic as well as coronary artery and venous
      circulations was observed and contrasted. Particular attention was paid to the
      time of change of pressures and flows and to changes in oxygen extraction by the
      myocardium induced by the pharmacological agents. The dosages of vasodilators
      used were selected so that no significant change in aortic blood flow occurred.
      Nitroglycerine and adenosine caused a rapid and similar vasodilation in the
      coronary circulation. Oxygen extraction was not altered by nitroglycerine, but
      was decreased by adenosine. The onset time of the vasodilation produced by either
      nifedipine or dipyridamole was similar, but the time to peak action was much
      slower for dipyridamole. As well, the effect of dipyridamole on intramyocardial
      and left intraventricular pressures was more delayed than that following the
      injection of the other agents. Oxygen extraction was reduced by nifedipine and
      dipyridamole. These results indicate that pharmacological vasodilating agents can
      affect coronary arteries, coronary veins, and myocardial oxygen extraction
      differently.

PMID- 6439403
TI  - Serotype distribution of meningococci isolated in South Australia 1971 through
      1980.
AB  - The serotypes of meningococci isolated from 76 sporadic cases of meningococcal
      disease in South Australia during the years 1971 through 1980 were determined.
      Thirty-four (56%) of the 61 group B strains were nontypable; the remainder were
      of five serotypes namely 8 (16%), 1 (13%), 2 (2a and 2b) (9%), 12 (3%), and 15
      (3%). Four of the five group B type 2 strains were serotype 2b. Serotype 2a
      accounted for four of seven group C strains and four of five group W135 strains.
      Overall serotypes 2 (2a and 2b) (17%), 8 (13%), and 1 (10%) occurred most
      frequently amongst the typable strains, whereas 40 (53%) of the 76 strains were
      nontypable. The results indicate that several serotypes and many nontypable
      strains were responsible for the sporadic disease occurring during a 10-year
      period in Australia.

PMID- 6439404
TI  - A role for sulfite in inducing surface changes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Addition of pyruvate to growth medium failed to induce the changes in Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae that have been reported previously. Addition of 3.8 mM sulfite or 1.3
      mM sulfite plus 14 mM pyruvate restored the medium's reactivity in a test for
      cysteine and its ability to induce changes in N. gonorrhoeae. The induced changes
      that were restored were (i) increased colonial opacity and roughness, (ii)
      increased sensitivity to killing by normal human serum, and (iii) electrophoretic
      changes that may represent changes in lipopolysaccharide. Further
      characterization of the electrophoretic changes showed that the bands were
      resistant to treatment with proteinase K, that they were not affected by EDTA and
      urea, and that they were not dependent upon the stage of growth.

PMID- 6439405
TI  - Experimental studies of the pathogenesis of infections owing to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa: elastase, an IgG protease.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, but not alkaline protease, degraded pooled,
      normal, human IgG in vitro and this degraded IgG lost its protective effect when
      used to treat burned, P. aeruginosa infected mice. Plasma IgG levels in burned,
      uninfected mice declined immediately postburning, but remained relatively
      constant thereafter; the levels in burned, P. aeruginosa infected mice continued
      to decline until death ensued. Infection of burned mice with an elastase+ strain
      caused the IgG decline, while infection with an elastase- strain did not,
      suggesting that elastase production caused the in vivo decline in plasma IgG.
      Local treatment with the protease inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin, of burned mice
      infected with an elastase+ organism, reduced the IgG decline observed in control
      mice. These data support the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa elastase acts as an
      IgG protease both in vitro and in vivo and gives insight into how this enzyme may
      act as a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6439406
TI  - Familial periodic ataxia responsive to acetazolamide.
AB  - Two cases, a father and son, of recurrent cerebellar ataxia in the same family
      are reported, suggesting a familial trait for the dysfunction. In the older male
      the onset of each episode (30-90 min.) was signalled by dysarthria which then
      progressed towards gait ataxia; the son presented closely similar clinical
      symptoms. Physical examination and blood chemistry revealed no obvious
      neurological deficit or biochemical abnormalities, with the exception of I-III
      and III-IV evoked auditory wave interpeak latencies, which were found markedly
      abnormal on the left side in the father but not in the son; the EEG of both
      individuals showed some diffuse, slow wave abnormalities. A low dose of
      acetazolamide, 250 mg daily, has successfully repressed recurrence of the attacks
      over the past six months. Temporary withdrawal for 14 days of the carbonic
      anhydrase inhibitor in the father coincided with two observed ataxic episodes.

PMID- 6439407
TI  - 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene induced mammary tumours in Wistar rats by 'air pouch'
      technique--a new approach.
AB  - An 'air pouch' technique of inducing highly localized, transplantable, estrogen
      dependent adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland in Wistar rats with 7,12
      dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) is described. The induction time was 67-80 days
      compared to 150-180 days by the conventional technique. Using this model estrogen
      receptor status, transplantation and effect of exogenous hormones on tumour
      growth have been studied. It is felt that this model might be a useful one for
      studying the biochemical mechanisms involved in hormone-dependent experimental
      mammary cancers.

PMID- 6439408
TI  - Cisplatin-MECY (methotrexate-leucovorin rescue plus cyclophosphamide) versus
      cisplatin-CHAD (cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin)
      as initial chemotherapy in stage III-IV ovarian adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with advanced-stage ovarian adenocarcinomas, with no prior
      chemotherapy, were treated with weekly cisplatin (DDP) for four courses followed
      by five monthly courses of one of two randomly assigned multidrug combinations.
      These combinations were high-dose methotrexate-leucovorin plus cyclophosphamide
      (MECY) or cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and DDP (CHAD).
      Patients with no clinically measurable disease after 6 months of therapy were
      evaluated by laparoscopy. In the absence of disease progression at the time of
      the laparoscopy the study design called for a repeat cycle of four weekly DDP
      courses and another five monthly courses of the assigned multidrug combination.
      All patients with no evidence of disease after 1 year of treatment had a second
      look laparoscopy which, if negative, was followed by a second-look laparotomy.
      This report includes all of the consecutively entered patients observed for a
      minimum of 1 year or to death. DDP-MECY and DDP-CHAD were similarly active for
      overall response rates and complete response rates according to laparoscopic
      criteria. However, DDP-MECY had a statistically significantly lower relapse rate
      (P less than 0.02) and a statistically significantly higher negative second-look
      laparotomy rate than did DDP-CHAD. Using all entered patients, with no exclusions
      from analysis, eight of 17 patients (47%) treated with DDP-MECY had negative
      second-looks after 1 year of treatment. This compares with one of 16 (6%)
      negative second-looks in patients treated with DDP-CHAD (P less than 0.02). The
      high negative second-look rate with DDP-MECY is exciting. Positive cytologic
      washings at the 6-month laparoscopic evaluation were highly predictive that
      residual disease would be found at the 1-year second-look surgery. Only one
      patient with positive peritoneal cytology after 6 months of treatment was found
      to have a negative second-look after 1 year of therapy.

PMID- 6439409
TI  - Glyburide (DiaBeta): a new second-generation hypoglycemic agent.
AB  - Glyburide is an improved drug for the management of non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is at least as effective as the first-generation
      oral hypoglycemics and is effective in doses that are considerably less than
      those needed with first-generation sulfonyl-ureas. While its mode of action is
      similar to that of other agents, glyburide has the unique feature of prolonged
      activity despite a short half-life and short duration in the body. Side effects
      are minimal, and toxic reactions have not been reported. While hypoglycemic
      episodes can occur, as with any blood glucose-lowering agent, they can be
      prevented by being alert to patients who may be more sensitive to oral agents.
      Unlike older sulfonylureas, about 50% of glyburide is excreted through the feces.
      In 14 years of worldwide experience, glyburide has rarely shown disulfiram-like
      effects and has not shown antidiuretic effects. While glyburide produces an
      insulin release response to glucose that parallels a normal physiological
      response, it appears to also decrease resistance to insulin and sensitize the
      receptors while utilizing the patient's available endogenous insulin. There are
      two major metabolites, but they are inert and are rapidly excreted, having no
      hypoglycemic effect. Considering the safety of glyburide and the large worldwide
      population that uses this agent, it is expected that this new second-generation
      hypoglycemic agent will greatly increase the therapeutic spectrum for NIDDM. Not
      only is it possible for more patients with diabetes to be treated, but many
      already being treated orally can achieve better regulation with this effective
      new oral agent.

PMID- 6439410
TI  - [Opiate antagonists].

PMID- 6439411
TI  - [Plasma levels of apolipoproteins A-I, B and H in men after myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6439412
TI  - Evidence for 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurones in the gut of the toad, Bufo
      marinus.
AB  - The stomach, small intestine and large intestine of the toad, Bufo marinus, were
      processed for formaldehyde-induced fluorescence histochemistry. After extrinsic
      denervation or pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine to remove catecholamine
      fluorescence, yellow fluorescence typical of 5-hydroxytryptamine was observed in
      neurones in the small intestine only. The cell bodies and their processes were
      confined to the myenteric plexus. Additional pretreatment with 5
      hydroxytryptamine enhanced the fluorescence of neurones in the small intestine
      and revealed yellow-fluorescent nerve fibres, but not cell bodies, in the
      longitudinal and circular muscle layers and myenteric plexus of the large
      intestine. No fluorescent neurones were observed in the stomach. Following
      reserpine treatment, which removed native yellow fluorescence in the small
      intestine, exposure to 5-hydroxytryptophan produced yellow fluorescence in axons
      in both small and large intestine; exposure to tryptophan never restored
      fluorescence. The neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine had no effect on the
      distribution of yellow-fluorescent neurones in the small and large intestine. No
      5-HT-containing mast cells were present in either the small or large intestine.
      Thin layer chromatography with three different mobile phases showed a 5
      hydroxytryptamine-like compound in extracts of mucosa-free small and large
      intestine but not of stomach.

PMID- 6439413
TI  - [The distribution of lipopolysaccharide serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis group
      A in 8 provinces and a city in China].

PMID- 6439414
TI  - Interferon-gamma can augment expression ability of HLA-DR antigens on pokeweed
      mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of natural interferon (IFN)-gamma on HLA-DR molecule expression of
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated T cells from cord blood and adult peripheral
      blood was assessed by direct immunofluorescence with fluorescein-labeled
      monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody on a flow cytometer. Although cord blood T cells
      showed only weak expression of HLA-DR antigens on PWM stimulation, IFN-gamma
      could enhance HLA-DR expression of PWM-stimulated cord blood T cells to levels
      comparable to those of adult ones. A similar, but slight, increase in HLA-DR
      expression was inducible in PWM-stimulated adult T cells by the addition of IFN
      gamma, but at higher doses. This increased expression of HLA-Dr antigens on PWM
      stimulated T cells was almost completely abolished by both acid treatment of IFN
      gamma and neutralization of IFN-gamma with specific antiserum. In contrast to IFN
      gamma, neither recombinant IFN-alpha nor IFN-beta showed any effect on HLA-DR
      expression of PWM-stimulated T cells. These results suggested a possible function
      of IFN-gamma that might modulate HLA-DR expression ability of T cells in their
      activation process.

PMID- 6439415
TI  - Inhibition of macrophage DNA synthesis by immunomodulators. II. Characterization
      of the suppression by muramyl dipeptide or lipopolysaccharide [3H]thymidine
      incorporation into macrophages.
AB  - Guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages actively incorporated [3H]thymidine
      into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction in vitro. The incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine was almost completely inhibited by aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA
      polymerase alpha and an autoradiograph showed heavy labeling in nuclei of 15% of
      macrophage populations. These results indicate that the observed thymidine
      incorporation was due to a nuclear DNA synthesis. The [3H]thymidine incorporation
      was markedly suppressed when macrophages were activated by immunoadjuvants such
      as muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The suppression
      of [3H]thymidine incorporation by MDP was neither due to the decrease in
      thymidine transport through the cell membrane, nor due to dilution by newly
      synthesized "cold" thymidine. An autoradiograph revealed that MDP markedly
      decreased the number of macrophages the nuclei of which were labeled by
      [3H]thymidine. These results suggest that the suppression of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation by the immunoadjuvants reflects a true inhibition of DNA synthesis.
      The inhibition of DNA synthesis by MDP was also observed in vivo. Further, it was
      strongly suggested that the inhibition was not caused by some mediators, such as
      prostaglandin E2, released from macrophages stimulated by the immunoadjuvants but
      caused by a direct triggering of the adjuvants at least at the early stage of
      activation. Cyclic AMP appears to be involved in the inhibitory reaction.

PMID- 6439416
TI  - Potentiation of the rat delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by the Fc portion
      of human IgG1.
AB  - Fc fragments derived from a human IgG1 myeloma protein potentiate the rat delayed
      type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to antigen challenge. Lewis rats immunized
      with heat-killed tubercle bacilli give augmented DTH reactions to the purified
      protein derivative of tuberculin when Fc fragments are included in the challenge
      dose. Similar potentiation of DTH by pFc' fragments indicates that the active
      site is located in the CH3 domain of IgG1. Histologic evaluation of the augmented
      reaction sites revealed predominantly mononuclear cell infiltrates characteristic
      of DTH reactions. Skin tests of tubercle bacilli-sensitized rats with an
      unrelated antigen and/or Fc fragments fail to elicit significant reactions.
      Augmentation of the DTH reaction to purified protein derivative is restricted to
      the Fc or pFc' region fragments since intact monomeric IgG1, Fab fragments, and
      bovine serum albumin were all shown not to be active potentiators. The DTH
      reaction of ovalbumin-sensitized rats was similarly augmented when Fc fragments
      were included with a challenge dose of ovalbumin, thus supporting the general
      nature of the phenomenon. These results support the concept of Ig molecules as
      multifunctional proteins that can not only serve effector functions but also
      participate in the regulation of immune responses.

PMID- 6439417
TI  - Effect of a seminal inhibin-like factor on in vivo FSH and LH uptake by rat
      testis.

PMID- 6439418
TI  - Recombinant interleukin-3 exhibits synergistic factor activity.

PMID- 6439419
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibody and colloidal gold in E.M. localization of von
      Willebrand factor in megakaryocytes and platelets.
AB  - The subcellular localization of Factor VIII/von Willebrand protein (VIII R:Ag) is
      studied with monoclonal antibody and gold immunocytochemical technique.
      Monoclonal antibody against purified VIII R:Ag is brightly fluorescent on
      megakaryocytes and platelets. In E.M., gold immunolabeling is performed on thin
      cell sections of human megakaryocytes and platelets. Different embedding
      materials are used to preserve the antigenicity : Epon embedded megakaryocytes
      show a high concentration of VIII R:Ag in alpha-granules using 4F9 monoclonal
      antibody. In comparison, lowicryl K4M embedded material does not improve the same
      specificity, only a few platelets granules were stained. This subcellular
      localization, in full agreement with biochemical results appears visualized for
      the first time in E.M.

PMID- 6439420
TI  - Phallotoxin-visualization of F-actin in normal and chromium-poisoned Euglena
      cells.
AB  - The presence of F-actin in Euglena cells was revealed by the use of fluorescent
      delta-aminophalloin. In normal cells F-actin forms a web of fine filaments at the
      cell periphery and around the nucleus. In Cr-poisoned cells this pattern is
      completely altered, and F-actin is visible as a single strongly fluorescent band
      of various shape and location.

PMID- 6439421
TI  - Stimulation of the release of lysosomal and nonlysosomal granular enzymes from
      macrophages treated with monensin.
AB  - Mouse peritoneal macrophages that had been treated with a monovalent carboxylic
      ionophore, monensin, selectively secreted lysosomal and nonlysosomal granular
      enzymes into the medium. When macrophages were incubated with 1 to 10 microM
      monensin, the release of beta-glucuronidase, beta-hexosaminidase and beta
      galactosidase was stimulated time and does dependently. Neither the beta
      glucosidase nor acid phosphatase, enzymes bound to the lysosomal membranes,
      however, were released by monensin. Neutral alpha-glucosidase, shown recently to
      be localized in nonlysosomal granules of macrophages (15), was released by
      monensin at concentrations lower than those required for lysosomal enzyme
      release. Increased release of lysosomal enzymes also took place in a manner
      similar to that seen with monensin-treated macrophages after treatment of
      macrophages with weak bases, chloroquine and ammonium chloride. Neutral alpha
      glucosidase, however, was not released when chloroquine was present in
      concentrations that stimulated the release of lysosomal enzymes. The UDP
      galactosyltransferase activity of the Golgi apparatus in the macrophages markedly
      decreased after treatment with low concentration of monensin.

PMID- 6439422
TI  - [Spontaneous ventriculostomy of the posterior wall of the 3rd ventricle
      associated with a diverticulum in the infratentorial space and stenosis of the
      aqueduct. Clinical and radiological study in 3 patients].

PMID- 6439423
TI  - [Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide output in children in the 1st year of
      life].

PMID- 6439424
TI  - Heterogeneity of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(s) activities:
      comparison between human and mammalian species activities.
AB  - The first comparative profiles of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(s) (UDPGT)
      activities obtained under standard conditions in vitro in mammals (man, rat
      [Wistar and Gunn], mouse, monkey [Papio papio and Cynomolgus], pig, guinea pig,
      rabbit, dog) are presented for 16 aglycones. A decreasing scale of these
      activities was obtained from planar to bulky molecules. The scale was identical
      for each of the mammals studied, including man. Statistical analysis of the
      results revealed a division of the aglycones into three groups, one being
      correlated with the molecular form called GT1 the two others with the GT2 form.
      The profile of activities in the Gunn rat revealed very weak activity towards
      planar molecules (GT1). These results provide evidence that under standard
      conditions, human UDPGT activities are comparable to those from other animals.

PMID- 6439425
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a chronic asthmatic.

PMID- 6439426
TI  - Serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Argentina by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of IgG antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen
      5 and tuberculin purified protein derivative.
AB  - IgG antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and tuberculin purified
      protein derivative (PPD) was measured, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA), in serum samples from 86 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and
      91 non-tuberculous control subjects from Santa Fe, Argentina. The geometric mean
      titre for the tuberculosis patients was 74.6 with antigen 5 and 99.5 with PPD. In
      91 control subjects the geometric mean titres were 3.6 and 15.6 respectively.
      Titres were not related to tuberculin reactor status or prior BCG vaccination. At
      a serum dilution end-point of 1:40, ELISA with antigen 5 had a sensitivity of
      81.4% and a specificity of 93.4% for tuberculosis. At 1:40, ELISA with PPD showed
      a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 54.9% for tuberculosis. Applied at a
      serum dilution of 1:40 to a hypothetical model population with a tuberculosis
      prevalence of 2%, ELISA using antigen 5 would correctly classify 93.2% of persons
      and ELISA with PPD, 55.5%. At a dilution of 1:80, accuracy is increased to 99.3%
      with antigen 5 and 83.3% with PPD, but sensitivity decreases to 64.0% with
      antigen 5 and 72.1% with PPD. Thus, antigen 5 is more accurate than PPD for the
      diagnosis of tuberculosis using ELISA.

PMID- 6439427
TI  - "Salmonella hirschfeldii" in poultry and man in Ibadan, Nigeria.
AB  - During an epidemiological study of salmonellosis in free-range village poultry,
      "Salmonella hirschfeldii" (invalid) was isolated from four birds in a village on
      the outskirts of the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. This is the first report of an
      isolation of "S. hirschfeldii" in poultry in Nigeria. The same organism was found
      in an adult male in the village. The simultaneous isolation of this serotype from
      poultry and man is significant because of the complex epidemiological pattern of
      salmonella infections in the tropical environment. It was not possible to
      determine whether the infection was transmitted from the poultry to the villager
      or vice versa.

PMID- 6439428
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of blindness prevention by the Onchocerciasis Control
      Programme in Upper Volta.
AB  - The article presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of the Onchocerciasis Control
      Programme in Upper Volta. The analysis uses a new approach to the measurement of
      health project effectiveness, by considering the number of healthy years of life
      added by the prevention of permanent disability and premature death attributable
      to onchocercal blindness. The approach emphasizes the central role of social
      value judgements in allocating health resources-in particular the relative
      weights assigned to preventing disability and postponing death, present and
      future health benefits, and health gains among productive and non-productive
      individuals. The quantitative results yield the following cost-effectiveness
      estimates for blindness prevention through onchocerciasis control: US$20 per year
      of healthy life and per productive year of healthy life added, and US$150 per
      discounted year of healthy life and per discounted productive year of healthy
      life added. As an illustrative example, a comparison is made with estimates of
      the cost-effectiveness of measles immunization.

PMID- 6439429
TI  - Treatment of contact lens-induced giant papillary conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6439430
TI  - Disodium cromoglycate compared with beclomethasone dipropionate in juvenile
      asthma.
AB  - In a double-blind controlled crossover trial of inhaled disodium cromoglycate and
      beclomethasone dipropionate in juvenile asthma, beclomethasone produced higher
      therapeutic scores but significantly so in only two indices--wheeze-free days and
      morning peak flow rates. Combined treatment offered no advantage over
      beclomethasone alone. No side-effects were noted. The findings confirm other
      studies of cromoglycate and a steroid aerosol (betamethasone 17-valerate) but
      disagree with the only other comparative trial of cromoglycate and
      beclomethasone, in which both were found equally effective.

PMID- 6439431
TI  - The excretion of sugars in human urine.
AB  - Normal humans excrete about 1 mmol of alditols mostly as mannitol and 1 mmol of
      neutral sugars chiefly allulose in a 24-h period.

PMID- 6439432
TI  - Effect of carbamazepine on thyroid hormone measurement in vitro.

PMID- 6439433
TI  - A prealbumin variant with an increased affinity for T4 and reverse-T3.
AB  - A euthyroid adult female (LC) was found to have persistently raised
      concentrations of total T4 (159 nmol/l) and rT3 (500 pmol/l) in her serum in
      association with a normal T3 (2.1 nmol/l). Serum concentrations of all three T4
      binding proteins were within normal limits. A variant prealbumin with an
      increased affinity for T4 was found to be responsible for the raised serum level
      of T4. Unlike normal prealbumin, the variant also bound appreciable amounts of
      rT3. The affinity constant for T4 binding to prealbumin LC was 5.5 X 10(8) l/mole
      which is sevenfold higher than that obtained for normal prealbumin (8.5 X 10(7)
      l/mole). The affinity constant for the binding of rT3 to prealbumin LC was 2.0 X
      10(6) l/mole while that for the normal protein was unmeasurable by our method.
      The T4-binding capacity of prealbumin LC in serum was within the normal range
      indicating that there is no new additional T4-binding site on the protein.
      Prealbumin LC has the same molecular size as the normal protein, hence it is
      likely that the tetrameric structure has been preserved. The electrophoretic
      mobility of prealbumin LC was normal indicating no alteration in charge. It is
      postulated that the increased affinity for T4 (and presumably for rT3) results
      from a hydrophobic amino-acid substitution in the prealbumin monomer.

PMID- 6439434
TI  - Effects of GRF(1-40) and domperidone on GH secretion in normal man.
AB  - In eight normal adult men pituitary secretion following GRF(1-40) was studied.
      GRF administration (50 micrograms i.v.) was followed by an increase in GH release
      with a peak value between the 15 and 60 min. No effects were noticed on LH, FSH,
      PRL, TSH and ACTH secretion. GH and PRL release was also studied after
      domperidone (DOM) (5 mg i.v./h), and GRF plus DOM. PRL increased significantly
      after DOM and GRF plus DOM. During GRF plus DOM a more marked GH release was
      observed in comparison with the hormone response to GRF alone at 15-45 and 120
      min (P less than 0.05). This phenomenon was found in in six out of eight subjects
      studied. Mean peak and secretory area was greater (P less than 0.05) after GRF
      plus DOM than after GRF alone. These data suggest that GRF(1-40) at the dose used
      is a useful tool in the study of GH secretion. The GH pattern during GRF plus DOM
      seems to indicate that dopaminergic tone may play a direct inhibitory role on GH
      secretion in man.

PMID- 6439435
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin in patients with autonomous thyroid nodules.
AB  - To investigate further the relationship between thyroid hormones and
      thyroglobulin (TG) secretion, total and free thyroid hormone levels, TSH and its
      response to TRH and serum TG concentrations were determined in 61 patients with
      solitary autonomous thyroid nodules. Thyroid function varied widely from
      euthyroidism to clearcut thyrotoxicosis. Serum TG levels were significantly
      higher in patients than in normal controls. Individually they were above the
      normal range (greater than 50 ng/ml) in 95% of the patients, as well as in those
      with normal total and/or free thyroid hormone levels. Patients with high total
      and/or free thyroid hormone levels had higher TG concentrations than euthyroid
      patients. TG concentrations were significantly correlated with FT3 values. They
      were higher in patients in whom TSH was unresponsive to TRH than in the
      responsive groups. TG was also slightly higher in patients with hot nodules than
      in those with warm nodules. These data seem to indicate that TG is secreted along
      with thyroid hormones in the absence of any stimulatory action. It also is a
      sensitive index of thyroid hyperfunction. Twenty patients were controlled 6
      months after nodulectomy. TG levels, though significantly lower than in the
      preoperative state, were still higher than in normal subjects. This increase was
      attributed to persistent hyperthyroidism in two patients only. The observation
      that the increase in TSH after TRH stimulation in post-operative patients was
      greater than that found in normal controls led us to believe that in most cases
      the high TG levels after surgery are due to stimulation of the normal thyroid
      tissue by rebound TSH secretion.

PMID- 6439436
TI  - Oral glucose inhibits growth hormone secretion induced by human pancreatic growth
      hormone releasing factor 1-44 in normal man.
AB  - The interaction between the inhibitory effect on growth hormone secretion of a 75
      g oral glucose load and the stimulatory effect of human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor 1-44 (hpGRF 1-44, 10 micrograms i.v.) has been studied in six
      normal subjects. hpGRF 1-44 alone induced a rise in growth hormone concentrations
      (maximum mean +/- SEM, 16.5 +/- 1.7 mU/l 15 min after injection) while growth
      hormone levels were suppressed by oral glucose alone (less than 1.5 mU/l from 45
      to 135 min after glucose ingestion). When hpGRF 1-44 was injected 60 min after
      oral glucose, the growth hormone response was attenuated (maximum, 6.7 +/- 1.4
      mU/l at 15 min, P less than 0.05). Increments of blood glucose within the
      physiological range diminish the growth hormone response to hpGRF 1-44 in normal
      man.

PMID- 6439437
TI  - Contrasting effects of subcutaneous pulsatile GnRH therapy in congenital adrenal
      hypoplasia and Kallmann's syndrome.
AB  - A patient with congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AH) and hypogonadotrophic
      hypogonadism was treated with pulsatile subcutaneous GnRH therapy for 16 weeks in
      an attempt to induce puberty. No rise in serum LH or FSH concentrations occurred
      despite increasing doses of GnRH (2.8 micrograms/pulse-22.4 micrograms/pulse). In
      contrast a similar programme of therapy successfully initiated the biochemical
      changes of puberty in a patient with Kallmann's syndrome. Both patients before
      therapy had low basal serum LH and FSH concentrations with blunted LH and FSH
      responses to GnRH stimulation. After 1 week, serum LH and FSH rose into the
      normal adult range in the patient with Kallmann's syndrome. This study fails to
      confirm a previous report which suggested that intermittent low dose GnRH therapy
      may be of value in inducing puberty in AH. The reasons for the difference of
      pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in AH and Kallmann's syndrome are unclear at
      present.

PMID- 6439438
TI  - Thyroregulatory changes associated with smoking in 70-year-old men.
AB  - In a previous study we have analysed serum free T4 concentrations in a
      representative population of 70-year-old men. In the present study the effect of
      previous or present tobacco smoking on free T4, T4, T3, rT3, TSH and thyroid
      hormone binding proteins was analysed in 181 of the 460 men, excluding those with
      past or present goitre, those who were obviously ill or had died between 70 and
      75 years of age and those who had any disease or medication influencing free T4
      concentrations. Smokers had higher T4 and rT3 levels, and lower TSH levels but T3
      levels no different from non-smokers. The difference in T4 levels, but not rT3 or
      TSH levels, between smokers and non-smokers could be attributed to differences in
      body mass and also to differences in TBG levels. The results indicate that
      tobacco smoking is associated with long-term alterations in thyroregulatory
      function.

PMID- 6439439
TI  - The acute effects of a dopamine antagonist (domperidone) on luteinising hormone,
      follicule stimulating hormone, prolactin and thyrotrophin secretion in polycystic
      ovarian syndrome: differential effect of ovulation.
AB  - An alteration of the hypothalamic dopaminergic regulation of LH secretion has
      been implicated in the abnormal LH secretion of polycystic ovarian syndrome
      (PCOS). To investigate this, the acute effect of dopamine (DA) receptor blockade
      on LH, FSH, PRL and TSH secretion was determined. No effect was observed on
      either LH or FSH secretion in the PCOS patients or in normal women and LH
      pulsatility appeared to be maintained. When the PCOS patients were divided into
      those who ovulated in the preceding cycle and those who were anovulatory, it was
      observed that the ovulatory patients had a normal PRL and TSH response; whereas
      in the anovulatory patients, the PRL rise was blunted and the TSH response was
      absent. We conclude that this study gives no evidence to support the hypothesis
      of altered hypothalamic DA regulation of LH secretion in PCOS. The lack of LH
      response to DA blockade suggests that a physiological role of DA in the control
      of LH secretion seems unlikely as determined under these experimental conditions.
      The differences in PRL and TRH response may reflect anovulation rather than a
      fundamental abnormality in PCOS.

PMID- 6439440
TI  - Transient thyrotoxicosis in endemic goitre patients following exposure to a
      normal iodine intake.
AB  - Twenty-three endemic goitrous subjects (goitre grade: III and IV) that were
      living in a chronic iodine-deficient area (iodine intake: less than 40 micrograms
      I/d) were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluation within 3-8 weeks of
      arrival at the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, where daily iodine intake is
      estimated to be 150-200 micrograms I/d. Eight patients developed a mild
      thyrotoxic state (T4 = 14.7 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, T3 = 279 +/- 55 ng/dl, no TSH
      response to TRH). Five additional subjects, although euthyroid, had a blunted TSH
      response to TRH, and the remaining ten patients were euthyroid and had a normal
      TSH response to TRH. Thyrotoxicosis was associated with larger goitres (mean
      thyroid weight: 133 +/- 46 g), with high thyroid uptake of RAI (mean 24 h 131I
      uptake: 40 +/- 15%) but not with increased urinary iodine excretion. Serum Tg
      levels were more elevated in the first two groups of patients (respectively,
      geometric means 68 and 72 ng/ml), than in the euthyroid, TRH-responsive group (52
      ng/ml). Thyrotoxicosis resolved spontaneously after three to six months without
      the need for any specific medication. It was concluded that a relatively small
      and normal iodide intake due to regular consumption of iodized salt and
      industrialized foods may induce a transient form of thyrotoxicosis in endemic
      goitre patients arriving into urban areas.

PMID- 6439441
TI  - Endoscopic laser surgery for hypopharyngeal diverticula--a preliminary report.
AB  - Endoscopic laser surgery for hypopharyngeal diverticula was performed in 28
      patients. Complete relief of symptoms was achieved in 22, whilst the remaining
      patients improved considerably. The rate of complications was low. This new
      application of laser surgery proved to be a safe and reliable method of treatment
      for dysphagia caused by a hypopharyngeal diverticulum.

PMID- 6439442
TI  - The development of obesity in animals: the role of dietary factors.
AB  - Obesity in laboratory rodents can be difficult to define, but increases in body
      fat content above 'normal' can be achieved by surgical or chemical lesions in the
      ventromedial hypothalamus, presentation of highly palatable diets (e.g. high-fat,
      high-sucrose or varied diets composed of human food items), or by forced-feeding.
      The responses to these treatments vary remarkably, depending on factors such as
      age, sex, early nutritional experience, genetic background, diet composition,
      feeding frequency and time of day or, even, of year. Many young animals can show
      marked increases in voluntary energy intake, but avoid obesity by simultaneously
      raising metabolic rate (diet-induced thermogenesis), while others show
      spontaneous obesity, either as they age, or at certain times of the year. It now
      seems that variations in both energy intake and expenditure are involved in the
      regulation of energy balance, and this has made the interpretation of
      experimental results more complicated. However, recognition of this dual control
      has helped to resolve many of the thermodynamic and metabolic anomalies in the
      literature. It is considered equally valid to adopt the same approach when
      describing human energy balance regulation.

PMID- 6439443
TI  - Steady-state valproate pharmacokinetics during long term therapy.
AB  - As part of a comparative bioavailability investigation, the steady-state
      pharmacokinetics of the anticonvulsant valproate (given as the sodium salt and
      the free acid) were studied in 8 epileptic patients who had received long term
      therapy with the drug. Mean elimination half-life was 8.21 +/- 3.13 hours, mean
      apparent volume of distribution 0.1868 +/- 0.0641 L/kg and mean plasma clearance
      0.0177 +/- 0.0099 L/kg/hour. The magnitudes of these parameters are similar to
      those reported for single dose studies in patients at the start of valproate
      therapy. Thus, long term therapy with valproate does not appear to be associated
      with significant alterations in the human body's disposition of the drug, unlike
      the situation with certain other anticonvulsants, e.g. carbamazepine.

PMID- 6439444
TI  - Absence status in adults.
AB  - Twelve cases of adult absence status were seen over 7 years. Clinically the
      disorder was characterised by long periods of clouding of consciousness with
      myoclonic phenomena of varying degrees of severity. The EEGs showed sustained
      spike-wave, polyspike and rhythmic slow activity. In one exceptional patient
      bizarre hemitonic seizures were documented clinically and on EEG. Diagnosis of
      the condition was frequently delayed and the histories of most patients showed
      episodes of obscure confusional behaviour, undiagnosed over the previous months
      or years. Psychiatric disturbances of various types were surprisingly common,
      contributing to diagnostic difficulty. Treatment with conventional
      anticonvulsants was often disappointing. In contrast, sodium valproate and
      clonazepam were found to be very effective.

PMID- 6439445
TI  - Progressive myoclonic epilepsy, nerve deafness and spinal muscular atrophy.
AB  - A boy of Finnish descent developed nerve deafness at six years of age, action
      myoclonus two years later, generalized myoclonic seizures when 16 years old and
      muscular atrophy at the age of 17 years. Bulbar palsy caused his death from
      inhalational pneumonia when he was 19 years old. Autopsy disclosed no significant
      changes in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, Purkinje cells or dentate
      nucleus. The most striking histological finding was degeneration of motor
      neurones in cranial nerves and anterior horns of the spinal cord, with
      neuroaxonal dystrophy of nucleus gracilis and cuneatus. While nerve deafness and
      spinal muscular atrophy have been recorded (each in different families) in
      association with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, the combination of these
      features has not previously been reported. Reasons are put forward for regarding
      all the system degenerations found in PME, including Unverricht-Lundborg disease
      (Baltic myoclonus) and the Ramsay Hunt syndrome, as variations of the same
      disorder.

PMID- 6439446
TI  - Neurological complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
AB  - This study documents five patients with neurological disease associated with
      evidence of recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Four patients had
      encephalitis associated with coma. Two of these had hemiparesis (one with
      dysphasia), one had seizures, and one had cerebellar and brainstem involvement.
      Two also had evidence of a radiculopathy and peripheral neuropathy. One patient
      had aseptic meningitis with later transverse myelitis. Three patients had
      multiple sites of neurological involvement. Respiratory infections preceded the
      neurological syndromes in four cases. Antibiotic therapy did not appear to alter
      the course of the disease. All patients had a favourable outcome.

PMID- 6439447
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects on the memory performance of epileptics.
AB  - The effects of different drugs on memory function in epileptic patients were
      examined. Patients had clinically normal cognitive function, above average IQs
      and infrequent seizures. Compared with pre-treatment evaluation, treatment with
      phenytoin, but not with carbamazepine or sodium valproate, resulted in impaired
      memory performance after three months of treatment. Switching patients previously
      treated with phenytoin to carbamazepine resulted in an improvement in memory
      performance compared with that of patients remaining on phenytoin. Switching
      patients from carbamazepine to sodium valproate did not result in any change in
      performance compared with that of those remaining on carbamazepine. The results
      of these experiments suggest that phenytoin, but not carbamazepine or sodium
      valproate, causes impaired memory performance. The nature of the memory
      dysfunction and its clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 6439448
TI  - Anticonvulsants, folic acid and memory dysfunction in epileptics.
AB  - The results of a survey of 116 epileptic patients treated by monotherapy with
      phenytoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate are described. No significant
      correlations were found between memory performance and serum anticonvulsant
      levels. However, correlations were found between memory performance and levels of
      red cell folate. The hypothesis that phenytoin may impair memory performance
      through the reduction of folate is discussed.

PMID- 6439449
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis, M. bovis (BCG) and M. leprae.
AB  - Thirty-two monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, M.
      bovis BCG and M. leprae were produced. The spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized
      with sonicated or intact bacilli were fused with Sp2/0-Ag-14 myeloma cells. Many
      more antibody producing hybridomas were found when M. tuberculosis, rather than
      M. leprae, was used as the immunogen. The MoAb were characterized by an enzyme
      immunoassay and immunofluorescence on 16 mycobacterial species. The sodium
      dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoperoxidase assay was
      used to determine the molecular weight of the antigens detected by the MoAb.
      Antigens of high, low and intermediate molecular weight were found. Some of the
      antigens were proteinaceous, others of a glycolipid nature. The
      immunofluorescence assay proved to be essential for the selection of MoAb since
      some MoAb reacted only in this assay and not in the enzyme immunoassay. The most
      specific clones were found in the fusions with spleen cells of mice immunized
      with intact rather than sonicated bacteria. One MoAb (F29-29) reacted only with
      M. tuberculosis H37Rv; one (F41-3) only with M. leprae and another (F29-45)
      reacted with M. tuberculosis and M. gastrii. Several MoAb only reacted with three
      mycobacterial species: M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii and M. gastrii. Others showed
      unique patterns of reactivity by enzyme immuno- and immunofluorescence assay. The
      potential use of the MoAb for the identification of mycobacteria and
      mycobacterial antigens is discussed.

PMID- 6439450
TI  - Functional behaviour and immunological phenotype of circulating B lymphocytes in
      multiple myeloma. Studies with pokeweed mitogen.
AB  - Peripheral blood B lymphocytes, depleted of adherent cells, from 10 patients with
      multiple myeloma were cultured in the presence of PWM with autologous or donor T
      lymphocytes. The results show that: (1) co-cultures with allogeneic T lymphocytes
      produced more plasma cells than those with autologous ones; (2) the kappa/lambda
      ratio overlapped the values obtained in normal controls, irrespective of the
      light chain produced by the neoplastic plasma cells and (3) the immunological
      phenotype of plasma cells obtained from PWM stimulated peripheral B cells (RFA2+,
      RFA3+, A10+) was clearly different from that one of myelomatous plasma cells
      (RFA2-, RFA3-, A10+). These data confirm the T cell imbalance already seen in
      myeloma patients; moreover they show that PWM responsive B cell are functionally
      normal and phenotypically different from bone marrow myeloma cells. These results
      support the view that most of the peripheral B lymphocytes, previously identified
      as monoclonal are in fact normal cells bearing adherent monoclonal Ig molecules.

PMID- 6439451
TI  - Further immunological studies of sera containing anti-mitochondrial antibodies,
      type M 5.
AB  - All of 15 sera containing anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA), type M 5, reacted
      in ELISA with ssDNA, whereas only four had anti-nuclear antibodies as
      demonstrated by immunofluorescence technique. Twelve of 15 had biological false
      positive seroreaction for syphilis and seven of 11 cases investigated had a
      positive lupus anti-coagulant test. Cold agglutinins were present in 11 sera.
      Hyper-gamma-globulinaemia was not a prominent finding, but C4 values below the
      lower limit were common in spite of C3 within the normal range. Absorption of IgG
      fractions from three different sera with cardiolipin eliminated the reaction with
      ssDNA and mitochondria, supporting a certain degree of cross-reactivity among the
      antibodies. The presence of AMA, type M 5, seemed to discriminate a group of
      patients with symptoms often consistent with SLE although some of the most
      prominent findings were often absent.

PMID- 6439453
TI  - Loss of J chain during primary immune responses in chicks.
AB  - J chain positive cells (JPC) were studied by direct immunofluorescence in
      embryonic and newly hatched chicks. The results indicated a decrease in the
      amounts of JPC in the embryonic spleen and bursa of Fabricius after in ovo
      antigenic stimulation with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) compared with that of
      unstimulated lymphocytes. The level of thymic JPC in the control chicks and those
      subjected to antigenic stimulation was always about the same. Partial re
      expression of the J chain in splenic lymphocytes was detected in newly hatched,
      antibody producing chicks, while the percentage of JPC in non-antibody producing
      chicks did not recover to the control level. Further evidence obtained indicated
      that the JPC decreases did not depend on the antigen dosage. After antigenic
      stimulation, J chain re-expression in cells of embryos and newly hatched non
      antibody producing chicks was found to be essentially the same. These findings
      imply that the re-expression of J chain molecules is associated with
      immunoglobulin production. Furthermore, it seems plausible that the non-re
      expression of the J chain occurred at the time of immunological unresponsiveness.

PMID- 6439452
TI  - Significance of different J chain profiles in human tissues: generation of IgA
      and IgM with binding site for secretory component is related to the J chain
      expressing capacity of the total local immunocyte population, including IgG and
      IgD producing cells, and depends on the clinical state of the tissue.
AB  - Most IgA producing cells in normal intestinal and nasal mucosa synthesize dimers
      or larger polymers as evidenced by 90% cytoplasmic affinity for secretory
      component (SC) in vitro and almost 100% J chain positivity. The comparable median
      figures for normal exocrine glands (salivary, lacrimal, lactating mammary) were
      84% and 92%, respectively. Conversely, IgA immunocytes in the subepithelial areas
      of palatine tonsils and in other extraglandular tissues, such as inflamed gingiva
      and intestinal submucosa, showed only 16-28% SC binding capacity and 18-51% J
      chain positivity. Similarly decreasing J chain expression, from glandular to
      extraglandular sites, was revealed not only for IgM immunocytes but also for
      those producing IgD or IgG, particularly the latter. This observation indicated
      more extensive overall clonal maturation in tissues without glandular elements
      since J chain expression seems to be a feature of relatively early memory B
      cells. The results were supported by studies in patients with selective IgA
      deficiency. Inflammatory disease caused significantly reduced SC binding capacity
      of IgA cells, both in intestinal mucosa and tonsils; this change was paralleled
      by decreased J chain expression, not only for mucosal and tonsillar IgA cells but
      also for mucosal IgG cells, suggesting local appearance of more mature clones.
      The resulting change to production of monomeric IgA may adversely affect
      secretory immunity and thus contribute to perpetuation of chronic inflammatory
      disease.

PMID- 6439454
TI  - Unexpected gallium uptake in benign pulmonary pathology. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases in which pulmonary gallium uptake was demonstrated in benign conditions
      are reported. In one, the abnormality permitted localization of a benign
      mesothelioma, while in the other patient it was associated with pulmonary
      fibrosis resulting from therapeutic irradiation. These cases extend the causes of
      gallium accumulation in which neither malignancy nor infection is responsible.

PMID- 6439455
TI  - Single-dose model for predicting steady-state valproic acid serum concentrations
      in seizure patients.
AB  - Valproic acid serum concentrations predicted by a single-dose prediction model
      were compared with steady-state serum concentrations measured after the start of
      therapy in seizure patients. Ten patients receiving valproic acid for the first
      time or who had not been taking the drug for two or more weeks were entered into
      the study. The patients' therapies were initiated with the prescribed doses of
      valproic acid and then maintained on fixed doses and dosing intervals until
      steady-state trough serum samples were obtained. Initial 5-ml blood samples were
      collected six to 14 hours after the ingestion of the first dose; a 5-ml steady
      state trough sample was drawn in the same manner three to seven days later. Both
      free and total drug concentrations were determined within 48 hours of sample
      collection using gas-liquid chromatography. The elimination rate constant was
      estimated from age-specific population half-life values found in the literature.
      Six patients (five children, aged four to 16 years) and one adult (aged 87 years)
      completed the study. There was a statistically significant correlation between
      predicted and measured steady-state valproic acid serum concentrations for both
      free and total concentrations. The single-dose prediction model accurately
      predicted steady-state valproic acid serum concentrations in these seizure
      patients.

PMID- 6439456
TI  - Controversies in thyroid function testing.
AB  - Thyroid function tests can be abnormal in certain patients in the absence of
      thyroid dysfunction. All thyroid function tests can be affected in these
      patients, including the free thyroxine assays and free thyroxine index.
      Familiarity with the conditions affecting thyroid function tests is necessary to
      avoid incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary testing.

PMID- 6439457
TI  - Prostaglandins in human disease.
AB  - Disturbances in prostaglandin synthesis and/or metabolism have been associated
      with the expression of multiple symptoms in various human disease states. Pain,
      fever, inflammation, and diarrhea are general symptoms among several that occur
      in patients who overproduce prostaglandins. Treatment of patients with
      prostaglandin-related symptoms in specific disease states can be achieved with
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor drugs. Plasma and urine measurements of
      prostaglandins can be of use in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of
      specific human diseases where prostaglandin excess is causative of the disease
      symptoms.

PMID- 6439458
TI  - Aspects of the clinical pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 6439459
TI  - Suprofen: the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of a new non-narcotic peripheral
      analgesic.
AB  - Suprofen is a potent, peripherally-acting, non-narcotic analgesic agent. The
      mechanism of action of the compound involves inhibition of prostaglandin
      biosynthesis and, perhaps, direct antagonism of the peripheral, pain inducing
      actions of prostaglandins, bradykinin and other pain mediators. Suprofen at a
      dose of 200 mg appears to be equal or greater in efficacy as an analgesic
      modality than those of ibuprofen, propoxyphene, naproxen and diflunisal or a
      combination of 650 mg aspirin plus 60 mg codeine. Its clinical utility has been
      amply demonstrated in the treatment of a number of types of pain including
      general and orthopedic surgery, episiotomy, post-partum pain, dysmenorrhea,
      dental pain and musculoskeletal disorders. Suprofen represents a new class of
      orally effective nonnarcotic analgesics with potential for effective clinical use
      in the treatment of pain.

PMID- 6439460
TI  - Diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in children.

PMID- 6439461
TI  - Effectiveness and cost-benefits of smoking education.

PMID- 6439462
TI  - Studies on Tetrahymena microsomal electron transport systems: solubilization of
      microsomal electron transport enzymes involved in fatty acid desaturation.
AB  - Tetrahymena microsomes were solubilized with five different detergents and the
      effect on electron transport enzymes involved in fatty acid desaturation was
      studied. Cytochrome b560ms and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were solubilized with
      a low concentration detergent (0.25%), in the order of sodium deoxycholate
      greater than Renex 690 greater than Triton X-100 greater than octylglucoside
      greater than sodium cholate, whereas all of these detergents at the high
      concentration (1%) could solubilize preferentially both enzymes (70-100%).
      Increasing the concentration of various detergents from 0.5 to 1.0% did not
      produce an incremental change in NADH-ferricyanide reductase solubilization. NADH
      cytochrome c reductase system, which would be catalyzed by the cooperation action
      of NADH-ferricyanide and cytochrome b560ms, was relatively inactivated by all
      detergents. Compared to the other four detergents, octylglucoside has a much
      higher recovery of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities in the supernatant. Our
      study suggests that octylglucoside may be more useful for the isolation in active
      form of cyanide-sensitive factor (CSF) from Tetrahymena microsomes.

PMID- 6439463
TI  - The distribution of monosaccharides and hexosamines in the oviduct of Salamandra
      salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela).
AB  - Biochemical analysis of the different segments of the oviduct in the
      ovoviviparous salamander, Salamandra salamandra, reveals the monosaccharides
      glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, ribose and the hexosamines glucosamine and
      mannosamine. In segment 1 (pars recta) ribose and mannose are absent, and in
      segments 2 (p. convoluta I) and 5 (p. convoluta IV, uterus) mannose is not
      detectable; fucose is absent in the uterus. Segments 3 (p. convoluta II) and 4
      (p. convoluta II) contain all sugars identified. The main hexoses present in the
      glandular segments are galactose, fucose and glucose.

PMID- 6439464
TI  - Lipid biosynthesis in amphibian oocyte and embryonic cell-free preparations.
AB  - The utilization of [2-3H]glycerol-3-phosphate in the synthesis of lipids during
      early embryogenesis was studied in cell-free preparations from oocytes or embryos
      of Bufo arenarum Hensel. The precursor was incorporated in all stages of
      development up to gill circulation, which indicates that oocytes and embryos have
      the enzymatic machinery necessary to synthesize at least part of their own
      lipids. A significant decrease in the labeling of most lipids took place after
      fertilization, especially in gastrulas, but at gill circulation lipid synthesis
      was highly stimulated. The incorporation pattern is similar in unfertilized
      oocyte, fertilized oocyte and gastrulas, where phosphatidylglycerol has the
      highest amount of radioactivity. At gill circulation stage
      phosphatidylethanolamine and neutral lipid biosynthesis also became significant.
      The results suggest a different regulation of the biosynthetic lipid routes
      through the appearance of new enzymes or modulators of preexisting enzymes during
      amphibian development.

PMID- 6439465
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies of the interaction between
      mammalian and avian anti-thermogenin antibodies and brown-adipose-tissue
      mitochondria from different species.
AB  - Three different antibody preparations, rabbit anti-hamster and rabbit anti-rat
      thermogenin sera and chicken anti-rat thermogenin IgG, were tested for cross
      reactivity towards isolated thermogenin and BAT mitochondria from different
      mammalian species using an ELISA-technique. It was found that the antibody
      preparations readily cross-reacted with different species, but that the affinity
      of the antibody preparations was greater towards the homologous species than the
      other species. The reactivity of an antibody preparation towards mitochondria
      from different tissues from the homologous species was also tested, and the
      exclusive occurrence of thermogenin in BAT could be confirmed.

PMID- 6439466
TI  - Carcinoma of nasopharynx: CT scans improve radiotherapy techniques (report of 25
      cases).
AB  - Applied CT scanning in treatment planning and diagnosing the extent of
      nasopharyngeal cancers among 25 patients. It is hoped that improved cure rate may
      be possible with extensive using of CT scans.

PMID- 6439467
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptive steroids following the administration of
      the antimalarial drugs primaquine and chloroquine.
AB  - The effects of a single dose of two antimalarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and
      primaquine (PQ) on the pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive (O.C.)
      have been studied in volunteers. Each woman was studied on 3 separate occasions
      over 3 cycles and plasma concentrations of ethinyloestradiol (EE2) and
      levonorgestrel were measured by radioimmunoassay following administration of a
      single dose of O.C. (30 micrograms EE2 + 150 micrograms levonorgestrel) in the
      absence and presence of the antimalarial drugs (PQ, 45 mg; CQ, 300 mg). Neither
      CQ or PQ given 1 h before the O.C. had any significant effect on plasma
      concentrations of EE2 or levonorgestrel or on any pharmacokinetic parameter
      determined. There is therefore, no evidence that CQ or PQ interfere with the
      hepatic handling of O.C.'s. This is in contrast to previously reported inhibitory
      effects of PQ on the metabolism of antipyrine.

PMID- 6439468
TI  - The Du phenotype, serology, and clinical relevance.
AB  - In this article, the authors examine the nature of the Du phenomenon through a
      comprehensive historical review beginning with the initial description of the Du
      factor in the 1940s. Pertinent developments in serologic testing methods and
      genetic concepts are described. Evidence of the importance of the Du factor in
      transfusion and hemolytic disease of the newborn is also presented. Selected
      articles on the frequency of Du in Caucasian and Negro populations are cited.
      Finally, the authors review current theoretical concepts concerning the nature of
      the Du factor, its importance in current transfusion practice and maternal Rh
      immune globulin administration, and the use of microscopic Du testing as a
      screening procedure for fetomaternal hemorrhage.

PMID- 6439469
TI  - Breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestine bacterial overgrowth.
AB  - Analysis of breath specimens for volatile metabolites of orally administered
      substrates offers a simplified detection method for the presence of an abnormal
      small-intestinal flora. This technique is not only simpler and more acceptable to
      patients than jejunal aspiration, but also gives quicker information to the
      clinician than microbiologic culture of the jejunal aspirate. Experience with a
      probe which is usually completely absorbed before the colon is reached (1 g 14C
      xylose) has demonstrated better test sensitivity (separating normal from
      abnormal) and test specificity (separating bacterial overgrowth from small-bowel
      malabsorption) than that seen with a probe which normally has substantial passage
      of substrate to the colonic bacteria (as seen with the 14C-bile acid breath
      test). Ongoing evaluation of nonradioactive probes (H2 generation from
      fermentable carbohydrate, 13CO2 generation from 13C-labeled substrate similar to
      the principle of the 14C-xylose breath test) offers promise for use of bacterial
      overgrowth breath tests in children and reproductive-age females.

PMID- 6439470
TI  - Myocardial depression in septic shock caused by meningococcal infection.
AB  - Comparative hemodynamic measurements recorded in 19 cases of septic shock
      associated with Neisseria meningitidis bacteremia and in 20 shock cases
      associated with bacteremia due to other Gram-negative bacilli showed a
      significantly higher incidence of early myocardial depression in the cases with
      meningococcal infection. Echocardiographic, ECG, and serum enzyme (CK-MB
      isoenzyme) studies closely correlated with impaired myocardial contractility and
      development of cardiogenic shock in patients with meningococcal bacteremia.
      Autopsy of the heart from three patients who succumbed to shock confirmed the
      presence of myocarditis with intracellular Gram-negative diplococci. Our
      observations suggest that the onset of cardiac dysfunction precedes clinical
      manifestations of shock.

PMID- 6439471
TI  - Anticoagulation with a synthetic thrombin inhibitor after cardiovascular surgery
      and for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - A synthetic thrombin inhibitor, MD-805, was used to anticoagulate 15 patients
      after cardiovascular surgery (CVS). A mean infusion rate of 0.71 +/- 0.1 (SD)
      microgram/kg . min maintained an activated coagulation time of about 150 sec in
      all patients, and significantly prolonged both activated partial thromboplastin
      time and prothrombin time. MD-805 was also administered to ten patients with
      disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), eight of whom had not responded to
      either heparin or gabexate mesilate (FOY), and eight of whom had circulating
      antithrombin III levels below 20 mg/dl. MD-805 therapy was successful in nine DIC
      patients. These results recommend MD-805 anticoagulant therapy after CVS and for
      treatment of DIC, especially when circulating levels of antithrombin III are low.

PMID- 6439472
TI  - Evaluation of a single transcutaneous PO2-PCO2 sensor in adult patients.
AB  - We evaluated a new transcutaneous gas monitor designed to measure simultaneously
      transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) and carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) tensions. A total of
      514 simultaneous transcutaneous and arterial gases were obtained in 47 adult ICU
      patients. Mean PtcCO2 was close (SEE less than 4 torr) to mean PaCO2, but mean
      PtcO2 was considerably less than mean PaO2. However, PtcO2 changes larger than 15
      torr virtually always indicated respective increases or decreases in PaO2.
      Similarly, PtcCO2 changes larger than 5 torr almost invariably indicated a
      parallel change in PaCO2. From this study we conclude that monitoring of
      transcutaneous gases yields reliable trend information on arterial gases and that
      it is a valuable noninvasive adjunct in the monitoring of gas exchange in adult
      patients.

PMID- 6439473
TI  - Respiratory mathematics: adjusting the PaO2.

PMID- 6439474
TI  - Patients receiving total parenteral nutrition can be weaned from mechanical
      ventilation without difficulty.

PMID- 6439475
TI  - Composition of phospholipids and free fatty acids and incorporation of labeled
      arachidonic acid in rabbit cornea. Comparison of epithelium, stroma and
      endothelium.
AB  - Fatty acid composition of phospholipids and free fatty acids were analyzed in the
      epithelium, stroma and endothelium of rabbit corneas. Phospholipids from
      endothelium had the highest proportion of arachidonate and epithelium had the
      lowest degree of unsaturation. Epithelium had the highest levels of free
      arachidonic acid. Labeled arachidonic acid was incorporated into membrane lipids
      of the three layers, primarily in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and
      triacylglycerols. In conclusion, the three layers of the cornea differ in the
      fatty acid composition of membrane lipids, particularly with regard to the
      polyunsaturated chains, and in the metabolism of the arachidonate chain.

PMID- 6439476
TI  - Ascorbic acid as it relates to the metabolism of drugs and environmental agents.

PMID- 6439477
TI  - Purification of fibrinogen.

PMID- 6439478
TI  - Electrophoretic procedures.

PMID- 6439479
TI  - An improved method for G-banding chromosomes after in situ hybridization.
AB  - We report a method for producing high-resolution G-bands on chromosomes of normal
      and neoplastic human cells after hybridization of 3H-labeled probes to the
      chromosomes and after autoradiography.

PMID- 6439480
TI  - Carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer in Linxian, China.

PMID- 6439481
TI  - Long-term results in surgical treatment of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6439482
TI  - A comprehensive survey of etiologic factors of stomach cancer in China.

PMID- 6439483
TI  - Right atrial hemangioma. Report of a case.

PMID- 6439484
TI  - Influenza surveillance in Shanghai.

PMID- 6439485
TI  - A study of antibacterial activity of furbenicillin against beta-lactamase
      producing gram-negative organisms.

PMID- 6439486
TI  - Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in Hong Kong Chinese. A clinical and autopsy
      study.

PMID- 6439487
TI  - Modified highly selective vagotomy. Eight year's follow-up of 100 cases.

PMID- 6439488
TI  - A brief review of the research on toxemia of pregnancy in Shanghai.

PMID- 6439489
TI  - Abdominal dissection in treatment of middle and lower-middle esophageal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6439490
TI  - HLA and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6439491
TI  - LeVeen peritoneo-venous shunt in treatment of intractable cirrhotic ascites.

PMID- 6439492
TI  - Twenty-three year's research on prevention of cervical cancer.

PMID- 6439493
TI  - Treatment of primary pigmented gallstones. An analysis of 1,415 cases.

PMID- 6439494
TI  - [Hemodynamic and respiratory changes in operations of the esophagus by unilateral
      ventilation].
AB  - One-lung ventilation offers optimal operating conditions during intrathoracic
      surgery. Hemodynamic and respiratory changes were measured in 9 patients. Cardiac
      output was unchanged, arterial pO2 decreased and venous admixture increased
      markedly. The increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular
      resistance are signs for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the unventilated
      lung. In spite of an inspiratory oxygen concentration of 66% oxygen availability
      was decreased by about 20%. Anaesthesia and related procedures should not
      interfere with pulmonary autoregulation. Complete monitoring is necessary to
      safely assess oxygenation of the patient.

PMID- 6439495
TI  - Elimination of germ-line tandemly repeated sequences from the somatic genome of
      the ciliate Oxytricha fallax.
AB  - The ciliated protozoa exhibit nuclear dimorphism. The genome of the somatic
      macronucleus arises from the germ-line genome of the micronucleus following
      conjugation. We have studied the fates of highly repetitious sequences in this
      process. Two cloned, tandemly repeated sequences from the micronucleus of
      Oxytricha fallax were used as probes in hybridizations to micronuclear and
      macronuclear DNA. The results of these experiments show: (1) the cloned repeats
      are members of two apparently unrelated repetitious sequence families, which each
      appear to comprise a few percent of the micronuclear genome, and (2) the amount
      of either family in the macronuclei from which our DNA was prepared is about 1/15
      that found in an equal number of diploid micronuclei. Most, if not all, of the
      apparent macronuclear copies of these repeats can be accounted for by
      micronuclear contamination, which strongly suggests that these sequences are
      eliminated from the macronuclei and have no vegetative function.

PMID- 6439497
TI  - [Blood gas analysis of blood taken from the dorsum of foot in 40 cases of
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6439496
TI  - Localization of nuclear proteins related to high mobility group protein 14 (HMG
      14) in polytene chromosomes.
AB  - An antibody was raised against "high mobility group" nuclear protein 14 (HMG 14)
      from calf thymus, known to be associated with actively transcribed chromatin. By
      means of indirect immunofluorescence, it was shown to react with the nuclei of
      mouse fibroblasts and of brain cells from Xenopus and Drosophila, but not of
      Xenopus erythrocytes. The antibody was used to detect immunologically related
      proteins in giant chromosomes of the midge, Chironomus pallidivittatus. Indirect
      immunofluorescence with anti-HMG 14 antibody in polytene nuclei was restricted to
      the active puffs. Giant puffs (Balbiani rings) exhibited especially intense
      fluorescence in their peripheral regions. An inducible puff site, the Balbiani
      ring 6 locus, showed no reaction with the antibody prior to induction. When puff
      formation began, the chromosome site assumed a very intense fluorescence, which
      disappeared again when the Balbiani ring was recondensed. - Protein extracts of
      salivary gland nuclei were found on immunoblots to contain one major protein
      fraction that reacted with the anti-HMG 14 antibody. The electrophoretic mobility
      of this fraction was similar to that of calf thymus HMG 17. - It is concluded
      that actively transcribed puffs in polytene chromosomes contain HMG 14-related
      protein(s) that are not present in potentially active gene loci prior to
      induction.

PMID- 6439498
TI  - Diabetic and galactosaemic cataracts.
AB  - An increased prevalence of cataract is associated with diabetes. Biochemical
      studies of diabetic lenses have revealed a variety of metabolic abnormalities
      including changes in the levels of electrolytes, glutathione, nucleotides and
      sugars. Similar biochemical changes have also been observed in cataracts
      associated with galactosaemia, suggesting that these sugar cataracts have a
      common biochemical aetiology. The common biochemical factor found to initiate
      both types of sugar cataract is the formation of sugar alcohols (polyols) from
      either glucose or galactose by the enzyme aldose reductase (alditol: NADP+ 1
      oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21). Increased intracellular levels of these polar
      alcohols have a hyperosmotic effect which leads to lens fibre swelling, vacuole
      formation and subsequent opacification. The process of sugar cataract formation
      in animals can be prevented by inhibiting aldose reductase.

PMID- 6439499
TI  - [Measurement and clinical application of horizontal saccadic velocity].

PMID- 6439500
TI  - [A and V patterns in ophthalmology].

PMID- 6439501
TI  - [Dissociated vertical deviation--report of 25 cases].

PMID- 6439502
TI  - [Changes in the position of the fovea with reference to the disc as a guide in
      the diagnosis of cyclotropia].

PMID- 6439503
TI  - [Surgical treatment of superior oblique muscle paralysis].

PMID- 6439505
TI  - [Stereoscopic acuity of 473 cases of normal Chinese preschool children].

PMID- 6439504
TI  - [Two methods of mitigating the oculo-cardiac reflex during ocular muscle surgery
      under general anesthesia].

PMID- 6439506
TI  - [Mass screening for strabismus and amblyopia among preschool children].

PMID- 6439507
TI  - [Relation between concomitant strabismus and refractive error--analysis of 217
      cases].

PMID- 6439508
TI  - [Ocular changes due to hyperlipemia in experimental rabbits].

PMID- 6439509
TI  - [Preliminary report on changes in bulbar conjunctival microcirculation in
      essential hypertension].

PMID- 6439510
TI  - [Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid--analysis of 40 cases].

PMID- 6439511
TI  - [Ocular signs and results in Stevens-Johnson syndrome].

PMID- 6439513
TI  - [Genetics of retinoblastoma in twins].

PMID- 6439512
TI  - [Study of families with congenital hereditary retinoschisis].

PMID- 6439514
TI  - [Clinicopathological analysis of cilioma of the orbit].

PMID- 6439515
TI  - [Histopathology of basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids].

PMID- 6439516
TI  - [Clinicopathological analysis of hemangiopericytoma of the orbit].

PMID- 6439517
TI  - [Orbital tumors in children: analysis of 51 cases].

PMID- 6439518
TI  - [Transfrontal approach for the removal of orbital, orbitocerebral and
      orbitosinusal tumors--report of 100 cases].

PMID- 6439519
TI  - [Histological observations on the normal retinal pigment epithelium in the
      Chinese].

PMID- 6439520
TI  - [Topographical studies on the normal optic disk].

PMID- 6439521
TI  - [The gene frequency of high myopia and research on its genetic mode].

PMID- 6439522
TI  - [22 cases of dense congenital persistent pupillary membrane treated by laser].

PMID- 6439523
TI  - [Quantitative determination of lysozyme in tears and diagnosis of dry eye].

PMID- 6439524
TI  - [Quantitative determination of lysozyme in tears in 172 cases].

PMID- 6439525
TI  - [Repair of the lacrimal canaliculus--report of 16 cases].

PMID- 6439526
TI  - [Homocystinuria].

PMID- 6439527
TI  - [Ocular manifestations and diagnosis of dural arteriovenous shunts--report of 2
      cases].

PMID- 6439528
TI  - [Large dose of prednisone in the treatment of the oculomuscular type of
      myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 6439529
TI  - Comparison of the acute and long-term effects of exercise on glucose control in
      type I diabetes.
AB  - To determine the long-term effect of exercise training on glucose control, 13
      subjects with type I diabetes and 7 control subjects performed 45 min of cycle
      exercise three times per wk for 12 wk. The acute blood glucose response, the long
      term effect on glucose control (glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma
      glucose), and changes in nutrient intake were assessed. Fitness as measured by
      VO2 MAX increased in both control (33.8 +/- 1.7 to 43.2 +/- 3.5 ml/min/kg) and
      diabetic (38.7 +/- 3.3 to 46.5 +/- 3.6 ml/min/kg) (P less than 0.05) subjects
      although body weight remained unchanged. In the diabetic subjects, an acute
      glucose-lowering effect occurred with each exercise session throughout the 12-wk
      training period (225.8 +/- 16.1 to 148.5 +/- 16.8 mg/dl, P less than 0.001).
      However, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin remained essentially
      unchanged (pretraining, 193.7 +/- 27.5 mg/dl and 10.7 +/- 0.3%; 6-wk training,
      192.5 +/- 27.1 mg/dl and 10.7 +/- 0.03%; 12-wk training, 202 +/- 30.1 mg/dl and
      10.3 +/- 0.8%). Total caloric intake as assessed by diet history increased
      significantly on exercising days (2569-2849 kcal, P less than 0.05). Although
      plasma glucose decreases acutely with exercise, increased caloric intake on
      exercising days obviates a long-term effect of training on glucose control. More
      precise guidelines and recommendations as to exercise timing and nutrient intake,
      likely based on self-monitoring of blood glucose, are required to achieve a
      beneficial effect of exercise training on metabolic control in type I diabetes.

PMID- 6439530
TI  - Epidemiology and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in a community population.
AB  - We evaluated the epidemiology of diabetic ketoacidosis in the period 1960-1979.
      In Frederiksborg County, Denmark, the incidence of ketoacidosis at the county
      hospital increased from 60 per 100,000 in the period 1943-1963 to 120 per 100,000
      in the period 1960-1979. In the investigation period we found an increasing
      incidence confined to urban areas. Precipitating factors were not somatic in 53%
      of the cases. Patients in the lowest social class (V) were in a higher risk
      group, experiencing ketoacidosis more often and having a higher frequency of
      severe acidosis. Forty-nine percent of the patients have had a diabetes duration
      of more than 5 yr. The lethality rate decreased from the period 1943-1963 and was
      4.7% in the investigation period 1960-1979.

PMID- 6439531
TI  - An analysis of diabetic pregnancies at Mayo Clinic, 1950-79.
AB  - We reviewed the records of pregnant diabetic women attended at Mayo Clinic during
      the years 1950-79 and matched each nonaborted diabetic pregnancy with two control
      pregnancies. Abortions occurred in 49 of 277 diabetic pregnancies (17.7%). The
      relative risk of other adverse outcomes of pregnancy (+/- 95% confidence
      interval) in comparison with controls was as follows: perinatal mortality, 7.0
      (3.6-13.8); major congenital birth defects, 6.3 (2.8-14.2); and respiratory
      distress, 9.0 (4.5-17.9). Diabetic ketoacidosis resulted in fetal death in 5 of
      18 cases. Patients with mean fasting blood glucose levels of less than or equal
      to 140 mg/dl had a perinatal mortality of 81 per 1000 births and an incidence of
      respiratory distress and congenital birth defects of 18.9% and 9.9%,
      respectively. Patients with mean blood glucose levels greater than 140 mg/dl had
      corresponding rates of 306 per 1000, 20.4%, and 11.2%, respectively. Hydramnios
      occurred almost exclusively in diabetic women, and its presence was associated
      with a twofold increase in the frequency of perinatal death. Analysis of diabetic
      pregnancy outcome by decade showed no appreciable decrease in the occurrence of
      perinatal mortality, congenital birth defects, or respiratory distress over the
      30-yr period.

PMID- 6439532
TI  - Correlation of serum lipids with diabetes control in sulfonylurea-treated
      diabetic patients.
AB  - The relationships between fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1, and
      several lipid parameters were studied in 67 non-insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients (19 men, 48 women) being treated with tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, or
      glibenclamide. All patients were over 60 yr of age with a mean age of 76.4 +/-
      6.7 yr (+/- SD). There were positive associations between fasting blood glucose
      and serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and serum triglycerides. A strong
      association between total cholesterol and triglycerides was also evident.
      Diabetes control and HDL cholesterol did not correlate with each other. A weak
      inverse correlation existed between fasting blood glucose and the HDL
      cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. HDL cholesterol concentrations were low in
      the diet- and drug-treated diabetic patients. No deleterious sulfonylurea effects
      on cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations or HDL
      cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were noted.

PMID- 6439533
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in undernourished diabetic subjects and
      adults with protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - Estimation of triglycerides (Tg), total cholesterol (Tc), HDLs, LDLc, and VLDLc
      was carried out in 46 undernourished diabetic subjects (UND); 21 untreated and 25
      on insulin; 44 well-nourished diabetic subjects (WND); 22 untreated and 22 on
      insulin; together with 25 patients with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and 25
      healthy controls less than 50 yr of age. Compared with controls, in the untreated
      diabetic subjects Tg, Tc, LDLc, and VLDLc were significantly higher in both
      classes, while HDLc was lower only in WND. Among the treated diabetic subjects,
      Tg were higher in WND, LDLc lower in UND, and VLDLc higher in both. With regard
      to relative distribution of cholesterol in the untreated patients, HDLc/Tc was
      lower in WND, but this was not so in UND. HDLc/Tc was higher in treated UND.
      Between undernourished and well-nourished groups of diabetic subjects in the
      untreated patients, HDLc was significantly higher and LDLc lower in the former.
      Both Tc and LDLc were lower in UND on insulin compared with WND. HDLc/Tc was
      higher and LDLc/Tc lower in both untreated and treated UND. In adults with PEM,
      mean values of Tg, Tc, and LDLc were much lower than in controls, as well as in
      both groups of UND. On the other hand, values of HDLc/Tc were higher and LDLc/Tc
      lower in PEM compared with controls, but this was not so for treated UND. It is
      evident from the results of this study that the undernourished have lower levels
      of plasma lipids and a favorable distribution of cholesterol among the lipid
      fractions from the point of view of vulnerability to development of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6439534
TI  - The role of undernutrition in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Recent epidemiologic studies show that diabetes mellitus is almost as prevalent
      in undernourished populations as it is in well-nourished ones, despite the
      virtual absence of obesity as an etiologic determinant in the former.
      Undernutrition itself may be the risk factor that replaces obesity in
      predisposing such populations to diabetes. The glucose intolerance of protein
      energy malnutrition is known to be associated with structural changes in the beta
      cell, and in a significant proportion of undernourished subjects it is
      irreversible despite prolonged and vigorous nutritional rehabilitation. Chronic
      undernutrition over a lifetime may, therefore, be an important determinant of
      diabetes in an individual, either by progressively impairing beta cell function
      or by increasing the susceptibility of the individual to other genetic and
      environmental diabetogenic influences.

PMID- 6439535
TI  - Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene and the
      intergenic region between the apo AI and apo CIII genes.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized the gene for human apolipoprotein CIII, a
      major component of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Determination of the
      complete DNA sequence of this gene revealed that the coding sequence is
      interrupted by three introns, which occur in the 5' noncoding region, in the
      region encoding the signal sequence and in the region coding for the mature
      plasma protein, respectively. We present an analysis of the structure of the apo
      CIII gene and compare it to the gene for apolipoprotein AI. In addition, we
      present the DNA sequence of the intergenic region lying between the apo AI and
      the apo CIII genes.

PMID- 6439536
TI  - [Urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Beijing and Qidong inhabitants].

PMID- 6439537
TI  - [Study on cytokinetics of cirrhosis and liver cancer in rats during
      carcinogenesis induced by 60Co irradiation].

PMID- 6439538
TI  - [Structural and functional changes in bacterial cells during space flight].

PMID- 6439539
TI  - Changes in serum LH and FSH following preovulatory administration of ethanol in
      rats.
AB  - The effect of different single doses of ethanol (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg) on serum
      LH and FSH has been studied in rats treated during preovulatory periods (18th h
      of diestrous). High doses of ethanol (2.0 and 4.0 g/kg) decreased serum LH levels
      at the 18th h of proestrous, 24 h after ethanol administration, inhibiting the
      preovulatory LH surge. No changes were observed in FSH levels. These effects
      could be mediated through the inhibition of the hypothalamic releasing factors.

PMID- 6439540
TI  - Chelation therapy of atherosclerosis.
AB  - Chelation therapy with intravenous injections of edetate disodium is being
      promoted to the public as a nonsurgical means to treat coronary or other arterial
      atherosclerosis. The rationale for use, clinical efficacy, and safety are
      reviewed. Acceptable evidence supporting chelation therapy for atherosclerotic
      vascular disease is lacking.

PMID- 6439541
TI  - Bupropion hydrochloride.
AB  - Bupropion is a trimethylated monocyclic phenylaminoketone that is an effective
      antidepressant in humans. It neither is sedating, anticholinergic, nor
      cardiotoxic. Its mechanism of action may be related to dopamine, but remains
      uncertain at this time. Clinical trials comparing bupropion 300-750 mg/d with
      placebo show it to be superior to placebo in efficacy and as well tolerated.
      Bupropion, in controlled clinical trials, is as effective as amitriptyline or
      imipramine, with fewer side effects. The only clinically significant adverse
      reaction to bupropion in more than 1000 patients studied has been seizure
      induction at a frequency comparable with that of imipramine. Bupropion appears to
      be safe and effective in both adult and geriatric depressed patients. Although it
      appears to be safer and equally efficacious when compared with currently used
      antidepressants, it has not been tested by routine clinical use.

PMID- 6439542
TI  - Review of the status of intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy.
AB  - With the advent of diagnosis related groups reimbursement schedules, the cost
      effectiveness of therapies needs to be assessed. The safety and efficacy of
      intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) has been controversial. IPPB
      employs the dilating effects of positive-pressure ventilation to deliver
      aerosolized particles to small and medium-sized bronchi of patients with
      obstructive airways disease. IPPB is expensive to implement and maintain. The
      hazards of IPPB (infection, pneumothorax, decreased cardiac output), although
      rare, could prolong hospital stays. Except for severely ill patients with
      fatigued respiratory muscles, IPPB offers no advantages over the less costly and
      safer compressor-nebulizer or metered-dose delivery of a beta-agonist.

PMID- 6439543
TI  - [Problems in the evaluation of thyroid function parameters in severely ill
      patients].

PMID- 6439544
TI  - Clinical experience with SolcoTrichovac in the treatment of vaginal
      trichomoniasis.

PMID- 6439545
TI  - A comparison of standardized methods for measuring the biological activity of
      pesticides to the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.
AB  - Standardized methods for determining LC and LD50 values to the earthworm were
      compared. An LC50 is most quickly determined by exposing the worms to an
      ethanolic dip for 30 min. LC50 values can also be determined by soil
      incorporation, a route which simulates natural exposure, although mortality
      sufficient for the estimation of an LC50 is not generated until 7-14 days have
      elapsed. Injection into the hemocoel proved most efficacious for determining an
      LD50; topical application was vitiated by irritation by the compound and the
      solvent. The symptoms which result from exposure are distinct and dose
      responsive. When using a standardized procedure for assessing toxicity, these
      symptoms are useful in gauging nonlethal effects of the compound and in
      facilitating comparison of data.

PMID- 6439546
TI  - [Comparison of the effect of different carcinogens on the skin of rats].
AB  - Solution of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), diazoacetic ester (DAAE), N-methyl-N
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), N-methyl-N,N'-dinitroguanidine, 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), o-aminoazotoluene or 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) were applied to rat skin. Neoplasms (skin
      tumors) were found only in the experiments with MNU, DAAE, MNNG, DAB and DMBA,
      MNU, MNNG, DAB and DMBA induced tumours in the sites of skin painting. In
      experiments with DAAE distant skin neoplasms developed as well. Possible
      mechanisms of action of these compounds are discussed.

PMID- 6439547
TI  - [Comparative electron microscopic study of spontaneous and DMBA-induced tumors of
      mouse mammary glands].
AB  - The ultrastructural peculiarities of spontaneous and DMBA induced breast tumours
      in C3H/He and C3H/Sn mice are described. It is shown that spontaneous breast
      tumours in mice are highly differentiated adenocarcinomas arisen from acinus
      against a background of alveolar hyperplasia. DMBA induced breast tumours in mice
      develop with transformation of ductule-epithelial population of cells. The
      content and distribution of virus particles are different in spontaneous and DMBA
      induced breast tumours. The possible transformation of myoepithelial cells is
      suggested.

PMID- 6439548
TI  - Quantitation of some pancreatic juice exocrine proteins in the presence of
      radiocontrast medium used in endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP).
AB  - The endoscopic collection of human pancreatic juice for chemical analysis is
      facilitated by the use of radiocontrast media. However, the effects of this
      material on pancreatic juice and the techniques used to analyze its proteins are
      unknown. This study has demonstrated no detrimental effects of a commonly used
      contrast medium on the pancreatic juice itself or on the analytic technique of
      radioimmunoassay and radial immunodiffusion. Likewise, the Phadebas enzymatic
      technique for amylase was not affected by this material. We conclude that
      techniques for the collection of pure pancreatic juice using radiocontrast
      material do not interfere with the analysis of pancreatic juice proteins using
      the techniques described.

PMID- 6439549
TI  - Endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy without laparotomy.
AB  - Observation and manipulation through the endofiberscope, have resulted in a new
      method of establishing gastrostomy without laparotomy. Subsequent to experimental
      studies with dogs, the new method was employed to substitute nasogastric tube in
      patients. In this new procedure, endoscopic application permits the placing of
      stitches in close contact with the abdominal and gastric walls. The fact that no
      complications were observed in the patients submitted to operative treatment, is
      largely attributed to this type of suture. From the results obtained it would
      seem that this procedure can be routinely employed instead of gastrostomy with
      laparotomy, since it offers the advantage of being a simpler method and is more
      likely to be associated with a lower rate of complications.

PMID- 6439550
TI  - Fine-needle endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy.
AB  - A procedure for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is described. Under direct
      endoscopic control, the surgeon introduces, percutaneously, into the inflated
      stomach a 9 French Foley catheter through a special needle, which may then be
      opened for removal. After positioning, the terminal balloon of the Foley is
      inflated with 7-8 ml of air and the catheter is placed under slight traction to
      appose the gastric and abdominal walls. Such a method has been used in 5 patients
      with cancer of the cardia requiring enteral feeding prior to surgery. No
      complications due to the positioning of the gastrostomy catheter have been
      observed. We believe that this simple, reliable and inexpensive method
      constitutes an improvement on the previously described endoscopic percutaneous
      gastrostomy techniques.

PMID- 6439551
TI  - Investigation of sex hormones in male epileptic patients.
AB  - Testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
      and prolactin (PRL) levels were obtained in 33 male epileptic patients and 11 age
      matched normal controls. The patients had significantly higher mean levels of
      FSH, LH, and PRL; T was decreased but not significantly so. Patients who had
      reported difficulties with sexual arousal on the Bear-Fedio Inventory had
      significantly lower T levels than those who did not. Increased LH levels
      correlated with younger age at onset of epilepsy and longer history of tonic
      clonic seizures. Increased PRL levels were related to a positive family history
      of epilepsy and nonfocal tonic clonic seizures. Anticonvulsant levels were
      unrelated to hormonal changes except for carbamazepine which was positively
      correlated with PRL levels.

PMID- 6439552
TI  - Frontoparietal astrocytoma causing absence seizures and bilaterally synchronous
      epileptiform discharges.
AB  - We describe an 8-year-old child who had had seizures since age 2. Initially, the
      seizures involved staring and turning the head to the left. Later, his seizures
      were brief, frequent staring spells. At age 8, an occasional seizure occurred
      involving back arching, eyelid fluttering, lip smacking, and pulling at clothing.
      Also at age 8, the seizures became refractory to phenobarbital, phenytoin,
      ethosuximide, and carbamazepine. Electroencephalogram showed fairly frequent
      bilaterally synchronous spike- slow-wave discharges. Computerized tomography
      showed a hypodense lesion in the right frontoparietal region, with a small
      contrast-enhancing nodule on one side. The lesion was resected at craniotomy and
      found to be a cystic Grade I astrocytoma. The patient has been seizure-free for
      the 2 years that have elapsed since the tumor was removed, the last 18 months
      without anticonvulsants. His EEG is normal. We conclude that the tumor caused his
      EEG findings and his long-standing absence seizure disorder.

PMID- 6439553
TI  - Alumina cream-induced focal motor epilepsy in cats. Part 5. Excision and
      transplant of the epileptogenic granuloma.
AB  - The role of alumina cream (AC) epileptic granulomas in producing clinical
      convulsions and EEG spikes was evaluated by excising and transplanting such
      granulomas from donors to recipient cats. In donors, granulomas were produced by
      single microinjections of AC into the right motor cortex and were subsequently
      excised during latent premature (P), mature (M), convulsive, and remission
      stages. The excised granulomas from donors were homogenized and injected into the
      homologous cortices of the recipient cats. The epileptogenic effect of the AC
      granuloma transplant in the recipients and the antiepileptogenic effect of the AC
      granuloma excision in the donors were evaluated by the presence or absence of
      clinical convulsions and the maximal EEG spike density at the right motor cortex
      (MSD) after lesion excision and transplant. In addition, a correlation between
      MSD (spikes/10 min) of donors and recipients and the aluminum content
      (microgram/ml) in granuloma and perilesional cortex of control epileptic cats
      (neither excised nor transplanted) was established during latent P, M,
      convulsive, and remission stages. The epileptogenic effect of AC granulomas
      transplanted into recipients was significantly larger when they were excised from
      donors in latent P and M than in convulsive, and in convulsive than in remission.
      The antiepileptogenic effect of AC granuloma excision in donors was significantly
      larger in latent P than in latent M and convulsive, and in convulsive than in
      remission. The aluminum content of AC granuloma and perilesional and
      contralateral cortices in controls was significantly larger in latent P and M
      than in convulsive and in convulsive than in remission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6439554
TI  - Induced recessive lethals in the second and third chromosomes of Drosophila fed
      on fly ash.

PMID- 6439555
TI  - Comparison of detergent versus protease solubilized rat intestinal lactase.
AB  - Comparisons between papain- and Triton X-100-solubilized lactase (EC 3.2.1.23)
      were made in terms of elution from various chromatographic columns and by
      molecular weight determinations. Using these techniques, no major differences
      could be detected. Since papain-solubilized enzyme would be cleaved at the
      hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface and detergent would release the amphipathic
      enzyme, the lack of detectable differences between purified lactase solubilized
      by the two agents suggests the existence of a relatively small anchoring moiety
      in rats when compared to that suggested in previous studies for adult humans.

PMID- 6439556
TI  - Enzymic activities in the seminal plasma of normospermic, oligospermic and
      infertile azoospermic men.
AB  - Activities of seminal plasma alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, alpha
      amylase, chymotrypsin-like enzyme and RNAase were studied in normo spermic,
      oligospermic and non-obstructive azoospermic men. No significant change in the
      activities of the aforesaid enzymes were found amongst the three catagories,
      classified according to sperm density.

PMID- 6439557
TI  - Does the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein Ni mediate progesterone inhibition
      of Xenopus oocyte adenylate cyclase?
AB  - In Xenopus laevis oocytes progesterone is able to inhibit directly the plasma
      membrane adenylate cyclase activity and induce reinitiation of meiotic
      maturation. To determine whether progesterone inhibition is mediated by the
      inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component of adenylate cyclase,
      Ni, the effect of the Bordetella pertussis toxin (IAP) and limited proteolysis on
      progesterone action in oocytes was investigated. Treatment of oocyte membranes
      with islet activating protein (IAP) in the presence of [32P]NAD led to
      incorporation of radiolabel into a 41 000-dalton membrane protein. However,
      exposure of isolated oocytes to 100 ng/ml IAP for up to 24 h, or oocyte membranes
      with concentrations of toxin as high as 100 micrograms/ml, had no effect on
      either progesterone inhibition of adenylate cyclase or induction of maturation.
      Similarly, limited alpha-chymotrypsin proteolysis of oocyte membranes failed to
      modify progesterone-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase. In contrast,
      inhibition of human platelet adenylate cyclase by epinephrine, acting via a GTP
      dependent, alpha 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated pathway, is almost completely
      abolished by both IAP treatment and limited proteolysis of platelet membranes.
      These data indicate that unlike attenuation of platelet enzyme activity, the
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase in oocyte membranes by progesterone does not
      occur via a classical Ni-mediated pathway.

PMID- 6439558
TI  - Hybrid character of a large neurofilament protein (NF-M): intermediate filament
      type sequence followed by a long and acidic carboxy-terminal extension.
AB  - The sequence of the amino-terminal 436 residues of porcine neurofilament
      component NF-M (apparent mol. wt. in gel electrophoresis 160 kd), one of the two
      high mol. wt. components of mammalian neurofilaments, reveals the typical
      structural organization of an intermediate filament (IF) protein of the non
      epithelial type. A non-alpha-helical arginine-rich headpiece with multiple beta
      turns (residues 1-98) precedes a highly alpha-helical rod domain able to form
      double-stranded coiled-coils (residues 99-412) and a non-alpha-helical tailpiece
      array starting at residue 413. All extra mass of NF-M forms, as a carboxy
      terminal tailpiece extension of approximately 500 residues, an autonomous domain
      of unique composition. Limited sequence data in the amino-terminal region of this
      domain document a lysine- and particularly glutamic acid-rich array somewhat
      reminiscent of the much shorter tailpiece extension of NF-L (apparent mol. wt. 68
      kd), the major neurofilament protein. NF-M is therefore a true intermediate
      filament protein co-polymerized with NF-L via presumptive coiled-coil type
      interactions and not a peripherally bound associated protein of a filament
      backbone built exclusively from NF-L. Along the structurally conserved coiled
      coil domains the two neurofilament proteins show only approximately 65% sequence
      identity, a value similar to that seen when NF-L and NF-M are compared with
      mesenchymal vimentin. The highly charged and acidic tailpiece extensions of all
      triplet proteins particularly rich in glutamic acid seem unique to the
      neurofilament type of IFs. They could form extra-filamentous scaffolds suitable
      for interactions with other neuronal components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439559
TI  - Increase in the ratio of serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II during
      prolonged physical strain and calorie deficiency.
AB  - Effects of four days of intense physical activity on serum concentrations of
      total triglycerides, total cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were
      studied in 35 well-trained young men. Serum total triglyceride levels decreased
      to 70% of baseline levels after 24 h, and fell further to 50% of baseline levels
      after 4 days. Serum levels of total cholesterol fell steadily to about 80% of
      baseline levels on the 4th day. Apo-B levels fell to 85% of baseline levels after
      24 h, and remained at that level. Apo A-I fell to about 90%, and apo A-II to
      about 80% of baseline levels, causing a significant increase in the ratio of apo
      A-I to apo A-II. The intraindividual changes in apo B were positively correlated
      to changes in cholesterol during the first day (r = 0.60). The changes in apo A-I
      and apo A-II had no significant correlation with changes in total cholesterol or
      triglycerides, or with one another, suggesting that apo A-I and apo A-II are
      metabolized independently during conditions of hard physical exercise.

PMID- 6439560
TI  - Carbon monoxide uptake and the resulting carboxyhemoglobin in man.
AB  - In order to calculate the carboxyhemoglobin concentration in human blood under
      various circumstances and for particular groups or individuals, the model
      proposed originally by Coburn and coworkers in a slightly revised form was
      tested. The relevant breathing parameters were measured as minute averages and
      used for computation of COHb time course. At the same time blood samples were
      taken and analysed for carboxyhemoglobin. For four different subjects, various
      breathing conditions and work rates the average deviation of experimental data
      from theoretical predictions is 7.4%. Some data are presented graphically.
      Excellent conformity of all the results indicate, that the model is suitable to
      show the influence of most physiological and breathing parameters on the dynamics
      of carbon monoxide uptake.

PMID- 6439561
TI  - Structural studies on the O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains of
      glucoamylase G1 from Aspergillus niger.
AB  - Glucoamylase G1 from Aspergillus niger contains an unusual type of carbohydrate
      protein linkage, involving mannose O-glycosidically linked to serine and
      threonine. The majority of the neutral oligosaccharides of glucoamylase G1 are
      located in a region of about 70 amino acid residues which carries about 35
      oligosaccharide units [(1983) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 48, 517-527]. Structural
      analysis was performed on the O-linked carbohydrates of a tryptic fragment from
      glucoamylase G1 comprising the segment characterized by a high degree of
      glycosylation. The carbohydrate structures released by trifluoroacetolysis were
      elucidated using sugar analysis, methylation analysis, mass spectrometry,
      chromium trioxide oxidation, digestion with alpha-mannosidase and 1H-NMR
      spectroscopy. The following structures could be identified. (formula; see text)

PMID- 6439562
TI  - Protein phosphorylation in the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
AB  - A number of proteins of the sulphur-dependent archaebacterium Sulfolobus
      acidocaldarius are phosphorylated in vivo. The extent of phosphorylation depends
      on the state of growth and is most intense in the late exponential phase. Some of
      the phosphorylated proteins are strongly associated with the bacterial membrane.
      Ribosomal proteins and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase are not phosphorylated.
      Studies in vitro show a high target selectivity. The activity is not increased by
      cyclic nucleotides. The reaction in vitro is optimal in the presence of Mg2+,
      Mn2+ or Ca2+. Both serine and threonine residues are modified. Acetate ions do
      not induce additional phosphorylation.

PMID- 6439563
TI  - An experimental method for in vivo studies of pulmonary platelet sequestration.
AB  - It has been reported in earlier in vitro studies that soft tissue trauma and
      endotoxin-induced shock causes pulmonary platelet trapping (PPT). This paper
      describes a noninvasive in vivo technique for dynamic studies of PPT in rabbits.
      Autologous platelets were labeled with 111In and reinfused into the animals. The
      following day, the rabbits were anesthetized and placed in a supine position
      under a scintillation camera. Continuous measurement of the activity distribution
      in the animal was performed for 35 min. The first 5 min represented a preshock
      measurement, whereafter endotoxin E. coli was injected IV. The following 2-3 min
      showed a sudden increase of radioactivity in the lungs indicating PPT, and
      thereafter a slow decrease to almost the preshock level. A simultaneous decrease
      in the number of platelets and the radioactivity in peripheral blood also
      indicated the induction of PPT. This study clearly shows that PPT can be detected
      in vivo with an easy, noninvasive scintillation camera method.

PMID- 6439564
TI  - Sex hormones in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison
      with other disease groups.
AB  - There is substantial evidence for alteration of oestrogen metabolism in both
      males and females with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Low testosterone
      levels have been described in men with SLE, and it has been suggested that this
      may be a further predisposing factor to the development of the disease. Serum
      testosterone, oestradiol, FSH and LH levels were measured on two or more
      occasions in nine male patients with SLE. Similar estimations were performed on
      four other groups for comparison: ten male patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
      six male patients on long-term steroid therapy, eleven male patients with renal
      failure on long-term haemodialysis and eleven healthy male volunteers. Mean
      testosterone levels were significantly reduced in all disease groups and there
      was no significant difference between patients with SLE and those with other
      chronic disorders. Oestradiol levels were normal in all groups, but there was a
      trend to elevated mean levels of FSH and LH (p 0.05 for the haemodialysis group).
      Our results confirm that testosterone levels are low in males with SLE, but
      suggest that this is an effect of chronic disease, and therefore unlikely to be a
      pre-existing risk factor for the development of SLE in men.

PMID- 6439565
TI  - Effect of disodium chromoglycate on changes in nasal airway resistance induced by
      platelet activating factor.
AB  - Thirteen healthy subjects participated in a double blind, randomized, cross-over
      investigation of whether or not intranasal disodium chromoglycate could block the
      change in nasal airway resistance induced by platelet activating factor (PAF).
      Placebo or active drug was given for 3 days before intranasal challenge with PAF.
      Nasal airway resistance before and at intervals after challenge was determined
      with a rhinomanometer. Pretreatment with disodium chromoglycate blocked the
      decrease in nasal airway resistance induced by PAF. This indicates an alternative
      mode of action of disodium chromoglycate in the treatment of allergic airway
      diseases.

PMID- 6439566
TI  - Possible mechanism of prolactin unresponsiveness to repeated sulpiride
      administration in man.
AB  - The mechanisms of prolactin (PRL) unresponsiveness to repeated sulpiride (SUL)
      injections were investigated in 7 normal males. The experimental protocol
      consisted of two phases, separated by a 5 day interval. In both phases the
      administration of 1 mg/kg i.m. of SUL was followed 24 hours later, by the
      administration of the same dose of SUL together with either placebo (PL, 2 ml
      saline i.v.) or TRH (200 mcg i.v.). A control TRH test (200 mcg i.v.) was also
      performed. PRL showed a significant increase after the administration of SUL
      alone in both phases. Twenty-four hours later plasma PRL was still higher than
      the basal level and it was not significantly modified by administration of SUL +
      PL, or by SUL + TRH. The data seem to show that the lack of responsiveness of PRL
      to repeated administration of SUL is not due to refractoriness of dopaminergic
      receptors but probably to exhaustion of the hypophyseal PRL pool.

PMID- 6439567
TI  - A physiological role for dopamine as modulator of GABA effects in substantia
      nigra: supersensitivity in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
AB  - Dopamine has been reported to attenuate the inhibitory effects of gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) on substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons. Five to six
      weeks after rats received 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigral dopamine
      neurons, the ability of iontophoretically applied dopamine to attenuate pars
      reticulata responses to GABA was increased by 40% (P less than 0.05) with respect
      to that of unlesioned rats. These results suggest that the dopamine sites which
      mediate this modulatory interaction may become supersensitive in animals with
      dopamine-deficient nigras.

PMID- 6439568
TI  - Changes in motor activity with age and the effects of pharmacologic treatment.
AB  - In a previous study the decline in the motor performance of old rats was
      determined to be differential. In this study, whether, and to what extent, this
      decline can be pharmacologically influenced was tested. Therefore, 27 month old
      rats were orally treated with several nootropics and d-amphetamine for six weeks.
      Food and water intake were determined. The rats were tested on spontaneous
      activity and on the tilting plane, climbing, and rotarod tests. The results
      showed that the nootropics only effected pronounced improvements on complex motor
      tasks such as on the rotarod test. In contrast, amphetamine treatment caused
      rather negative effects. This could be observed in the motor performance as well
      as in the food and water intake. Young rats did not have this sort of reaction to
      amphetamine. The nootropics were all well tolerated. Additionally, it was obvious
      that the untreated rats also showed a slight improvement in motor performance due
      to repeated practice.

PMID- 6439569
TI  - Demonstration of two distinct antibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia with
      reticulocytopenia and red cell aplasia.
AB  - To determine the mechanism of the aplastic crisis in a patient with autoimmune
      hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and reticulocytopenia who developed red cell aplasia
      simultaneously, serum- and IgG-separated fractions were examined for the presence
      of erythroid progenitor cell inhibitors. The patient's red cell autoantibody was
      a complement-independent IgG that reacted with the little-e antigen of the Rh
      complex. A complement-dependent serum IgG inhibitor directed against erythroid
      colony- and burst-forming units but not granulocyte-macrophage units was detected
      in samples before treatment with extracorporeal staphylococcal protein-A
      immunoadsorption and corticosteroids. The erythroid progenitor cell inhibitor
      persisted in samples multiply adsorbed against type-ee red cells and was not
      detected in heat eluates prepared from these red cells. A reticulocytosis
      occurred when serum IgG levels were reduced to 27% of pretreatment values. At
      this point, the erythroid progenitor cell inhibitor was not detectable in vitro.
      These findings suggest that the development of the aplastic crisis in some
      patients with AIHA may be associated with the presence of two distinct IgG
      antibodies, one directed at the mature red cell and the other at the erythroid
      progenitor cells.

PMID- 6439570
TI  - Evidence for an activating effect of tabernanthine on rat brain catecholamine
      synthesis and elimination.
AB  - Tabernanthine increased the synthesis and elimination of catecholamines (CA) in
      the striatum and the rest of the brain, but not in the hypothalamus. These data
      provide evidence that tabernanthine may activate CA turnover of some brain
      structures by acting at 2 steps of the metabolic pathway. The results are
      discussed in relation to a central stimulating action and a hypoxia antagonistic
      effect of this drug.

PMID- 6439571
TI  - The ovicidal activity of cis-dehydromatricaria ester: time-dependance of its
      enhancement by UV light.
AB  - Freshly laid eggs of Drosophila melanogaster were treated with the polyacetylenic
      compound cis-dehydromatricaria ester. The toxicity of the chemical was enhanced
      by treatments with long-wavelength ultraviolet light, and the maximum effect was
      observed when the UV irradiation was performed 4-5 h after the initial contact of
      the eggs with the chemical.

PMID- 6439572
TI  - Properties of bovine interferons.
AB  - This study was done in an attempt to elucidate some of the properties of bovine
      IFNs. Maximum levels of both fibroblast and leukocyte IFNs occurred prior to 24 h
      whereas maximum levels of immune IFN were not reached until after 72 h. The
      latter species of IFN was unstable at either pH 2 or 56 degrees C whereas both
      the fibroblast and leukocyte IFNs were more stable under these conditions.
      Studies of cross-species protection between fibroblast and leukocyte IFNs
      indicate that the former was more protective for other species than the latter.

PMID- 6439573
TI  - Aldose metabolism in developing human fetal brain and liver.
AB  - Aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      enzyme activities were studied in human foetal brain and liver at different
      periods of gestation. Aldose reductase activity in liver disappears after 16
      weeks of gestation whereas sorbitol dehydrogenase keeps on increasing in liver as
      well as in brain. In utero, some glucose metabolism may be mediated through an
      active sorbitol pathway in human fetuses.

PMID- 6439574
TI  - Inhibition of TSH-stimulated thyroid hormone release and potentiation of TRH
      stimulated TSH release by indomethacin in perifusion systems of rat thyroids and
      pituitaries.
AB  - Using indomethacin (Ind), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, in vivo
      experiments in rats and in vitro experiments with perifusion systems of rat
      thyroids and pituitaries were conducted. After 35 days of intragastric infusion
      of Ind, serum TSH levels were markedly increased, the thyroid was swollen and, as
      a consequence, T3 and T4 levels were normal. The T3 release from perifused rat
      thyroids under continuous stimulation with 10 mU/ml TSH was inhibited
      significantly (p less than 0.01) by 1.0 X 10(-6) M Ind. On the other hand, the
      TSH release from perifused rat pituitaries under TRH stimulation was enhanced
      conspicuously by Ind. It was concluded that Ind decelerated thyroid hormone
      release from the thyroid and accelerated TSH release from the pituitary in
      perifusion systems.

PMID- 6439575
TI  - Augmentation of cholesterol esterification in the microsomal membrane by the
      removal of membrane-bound ribosomes.
AB  - Acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in rough microsomes was
      enhanced (2-fold) by the removal (40%) of ribosomes from the microsomal membrane
      with RNase. Although EDTA was as efficient as RNase in the removal of ribosomes
      the stimulation (3.2-fold) of ACAT activity was even more, suggesting that
      additional effects were induced by EDTA. Reconstitution of EDTA-treated
      microsomes with ribosomes decreased the cholesterol-esterifying activity (40%) of
      the degranulated microsomes. Alternate possibilities were considered for the
      enhancement of ACAT activity by EDTA, namely, suppression of the hydrolysis of
      added palmitoyl-CoA substrate, the hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester, and the
      removal of metal suppressor of ACAT activity. Neither acyl-CoA hydrolase nor
      cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was decreased after degranulation of
      microsomes. ACAT activity of EDTA-treated microsomes compared to the control was
      enhanced rather than suppressed after the addition of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ ions
      whereas other metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) almost completely suppressed ACAT
      activity in both the EDTA-treated and buffer-treated microsomes. It is concluded
      that the enhanced ACAT activity was largely due to the removal of ribosomes from
      the microsomal membrane.

PMID- 6439576
TI  - Primary structure of helodermin, a VIP-secretin-like peptide isolated from Gila
      monster venom.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of helodermin isolated from the venom of Gila
      monster was elucidated. The peptide was shown to be a basic pentatriacontapeptide
      amide: His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Gln-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala-
      Leu-Gln-Lys- Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser-Arg-Thr-Ser-Pro-Pro-Pro-NH2. A high
      degree of sequence similarities to secretin/VIP/PHI/(PHM)/GRF from mammal and
      bird was observed over the entire N-terminal 1-27 sequence. In particular, the
      amino acid residues in positions 3, 6 and 7 were found to be common to 9 peptides
      of the family. Another interesting feature of the structure of helodermin was its
      C-terminal -Pro-Pro-Pro-NH2 sequence. Isolation of helodermin was the first
      demonstration of the existence of a secretin/VIP-related peptide in an animal
      that is neither mammal nor bird.

PMID- 6439577
TI  - Epoxygenation of arachidonic acid by rat anterior pituitary microsomal fractions.
AB  - Microsomal fractions isolated from rat anterior pituitary glands catalyze the
      oxygenation of arachidonic acid. By a combination of chromatographic and mass
      spectrometric techniques, we have identified epoxyeicosatrienoic acids as
      reaction products and thus documented the presence of an NADPH-dependent
      arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity in rat adenohypophysis.

PMID- 6439578
TI  - Glycosidic bond rearrangements in isomeric xylobioses by yeast xylan-degrading
      enzymes.
AB  - The cells of Cryptococcus albidus induced for xylan-degrading enzymes are capable
      of transforming 1,2-beta-xylobiose and 1,3-beta-xylobiose into 1,4-beta
      xylobiose, the natural inducer. The conversion involves transglycosylation and
      hydrolysis catalyzed by beta-xylosidase and beta-xylanase. A probable
      intermediate of the conversion of 1,2-beta-xylobiose was isolated and identified
      as a trisaccharide, 4-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-2-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-D-xylopyran
      ose. The trisaccharide is cleaved by purified endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of C.
      albidus mainly at the 1,2-beta-linkage yielding xylose and 1,4-beta-xylobiose.

PMID- 6439579
TI  - Investigations of carotenoprotein complexes in animals. XIII. Representatives of
      the Porifera.

PMID- 6439580
TI  - CO2 laser surgery in the mouth.

PMID- 6439581
TI  - Stimulatory effect of a GnRH agonist (buserelin) in in vitro and in vivo
      testosterone production by the frog (Rana esculenta) testis.
AB  - The summary testicular effects of an agonistic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone (buserelin, GnRHa) have been studied in vitro and in vivo in the frog,
      Rana esculenta. During 3 h incubation GnRHa (8 X 10(-7) M) potentiated pituitary
      factors in stimulating testosterone production by minced testes in vitro. After 6
      h of incubation 8 X 10(-7) M GnRHa stimulated maximal testosterone output. Testes
      of 10-day hypophysectomized animals did not show any GnRHa effect in vitro. In
      vivo, a direct effect of GnRHa on testicular testosterone production was
      demonstrated in hypophysectomized animals, although this effect was temperature
      dependent, requiring the frog to be maintained at a high temperature (24 degrees
      C). No effect of GnRHa was detectable in frogs kept at a low temperature (4
      degrees C).

PMID- 6439582
TI  - Developmental aspects of focal epilepsies of childhood treated by neurosurgery.
AB  - Data on 50 patients treated surgically for intractable focal epilepsy were
      analysed. There were 10 hemispherectomies, 32 temporal lobectomies and eight
      operations to other areas of the brain. The median age at operation was 14 years.
      29 patients were found to have mesial temporal sclerosis or sclerotic hemispheres
      and 17 had alien tissue and one sclerosis with heterotopia. No lesion was found
      in three cases. The nature of the first seizure was found to relate significantly
      to pathology. 30 patients had suffered an early convulsion. Between the
      convulsive insult and the onset of focal epilepsy there was a silent interval,
      the duration of which was biased by sex and side of lesion. The remaining 20
      patients, of whom a highly significant number had alien tissue, had not had an
      early convulsion before the onset of focal epilepsy. The importance of accurate
      clinical histories is stressed. Clinical considerations alone predicted the
      pathology and laterality of the lesion in more than half the series. Regular EEG
      recordings and repeat scanning were found to be important investigations. Major
      disorders of behaviour had occurred in 44 patients. As adults, the series were
      free of severe psychiatric symptoms, but many required years of careful
      rehabilitation. 31 children had been excluded from normal schools before
      operation. Postoperatively, many patients continued their education in normal
      schools. Some required basic remedial teaching, others successfully undertook
      higher education and training. 49 patients benefited over-all from neurosurgical
      treatment. 34 had no more habitual epilepsy at all. Full global gains often took
      at least five years to achieve.

PMID- 6439583
TI  - Focal dystonic reaction to phenytoin.

PMID- 6439584
TI  - Rectal administration of sodium valproate for neonatal and infantile status
      epilepticus.

PMID- 6439585
TI  - Effect of genetic background on the capacity for islet cell replication in mice.
AB  - Proliferation of islet cells may compensate for both an increased peripheral
      insulin resistance and islet cell destruction but the capacity for regeneration
      may be genetically determined. For the latter reason, glucose-stimulated islet
      cell replication was estimated in both inbred C57BL/6J (BL/6) and C57BL/KsJ
      (BL/Ks) mice. Islets isolated from both strains were exposed to high
      concentrations of glucose in vitro or in vivo for a prolonged time period. This
      was achieved either by culturing the islets free-floating in a high glucose
      concentration medium for 3 days or implanting the islets intrasplenically in
      insufficient numbers to cure alloxan-diabetic syngeneic recipients. In both
      strains high glucose concentration culture was found to increase the
      autoradiographic labelling index of the islets but the replicatory activity
      decreased with age. The proliferative rate of the islet cells of the BL/6 mice
      was about twice as high as that of the BL/Ks mice irrespective of age and glucose
      concentration. Likewise, the labelling index of intrasplenic BL/6 islets
      implanted into alloxan-diabetic mice was twice as high as that of the islets
      implanted into alloxan-diabetic BL/Ks mice. The replicatory activity of the
      latter islets did not differ statistically from that of islets implanted into non
      diabetic control BL/Ks mice. No differences in the rates of proinsulin and total
      protein biosynthetic rates were observed between high glucose concentration
      cultured islets of the two mouse strains. The present results indicate that the
      proliferative response of pancreatic islets to a prolonged glucose stimulation
      may be genetically determined. This may play a significant role in the
      development of different diabetic syndromes both in laboratory animals and man.

PMID- 6439586
TI  - Sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency in several pig tissues: potential implications
      for studies of experimental diabetes.
AB  - Screening for red blood cell sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency in 12 different
      mammalian species was performed. A wide inter-species variability in red cell
      sorbitol dehydrogenase with a virtually complete deficiency in pigs was observed.
      Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities in 12 different pig
      tissues also were measured. Aldose reductase activity was present in all the
      tissues studied, whereas organ specificity for sorbitol dehydrogenase was
      observed. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was not detectable in lenses, among
      other tissues, making the pig a potential model for studies in experimental
      diabetes, particularly for the investigation of sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency
      as a risk factor in the development of cataracts.

PMID- 6439587
TI  - Do genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy?

PMID- 6439588
TI  - myo-Inositol and sorbitol in erythrocytes from diabetic patients before and after
      sorbinil treatment.
AB  - Erythrocytes from diabetic patients before and after treatment with the aldose
      reductase inhibitor, sorbinil, were analyzed by a capillary gas chromatographic
      method for sorbitol and myo-inositol. The mean erythrocyte sorbitol level in the
      diabetic patients was significantly higher than in the control subjects (13.1 +/-
      0.9 and 5.2 +/- 0.3 nmol/ml erythrocytes, respectively, mean +/- SEM, p less than
      0.001). The mean erythrocyte myo-inositol level in diabetic patients was not
      different from that in control subjects (43.2 +/- 2.9 and 40.5 +/- 1.9 nmol/ml
      erythrocytes, respectively). Sorbinil treatment reduced the elevated sorbitol
      levels in the diabetic patients to normal or slightly below normal, but did not
      affect the erythrocyte myo-inositol concentration. It is concluded that the
      erythrocyte is not a suitable model to monitor a possible effect of sorbinil on
      myo-inositol concentration in less accessible tissues.

PMID- 6439589
TI  - Impaired growth hormone response to human pancreatic growth hormone releasing
      factor [GRF(1-44)] in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor [GRF(1-44)] is the largest
      molecule of several peptides recently isolated from pancreatic tumours associated
      with acromegaly. It has been shown to stimulate the release of growth hormone in
      normal subjects and provides a safe and reliable tool for examining growth
      hormone release. A study was conducted to examine the release of growth hormone
      in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
      diabetes. GRF(1-44) stimulated the release of growth hormone in normal subjects
      and produced no side effects. A response of similar magnitude occurred in Type 1
      diabetic patients despite their concomitant hyperglycaemia. In contrast, the
      response in Type 2 diabetes was significantly impaired compared with normal
      volunteers (p less than 0.05) and Type 1 diabetic patients (p less than 0.02).
      These findings may well indicate that there is a defect in central hormonal
      control in Type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 6439590
TI  - [Alveolaro-capillary gas exchange. Considerations on the evaluation of carbon
      monoxide diffusion].
AB  - This study is based on 107 male individuals aged between 20 and 73 years, all of
      them exempt from any disease. They were submitted to instrument examination for
      measuring the CO pulmonary diffusing capacity with the single breath method. The
      data so obtained were then statistically elaborated considering the index value
      of CO transfer, the Helium partition (RHe) and the CO partition and diffusion
      (R&DCO). The CO transfer index has shown a particularly extensive range; if we
      take as normality level-20%, a consistent ratio of individuals (20,56%) falls in
      a range of deficitary pulmonary diffusion though in absence of aeny clinical
      evidence of pathology. The subsequent statistical elaboration of the data after
      logarithmic transformation, by the means of the linear regression model, has
      allowed to reduce the variance of the R&D CO index improving his classificative
      capability.

PMID- 6439591
TI  - Studies on olivoretins indicate a requirement for a free hydroxyl group for
      teleocidin B activity.
AB  - Three olivoretins, A, B and C (isolated from Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli),
      which are O-methylated teleocidin B isomers, were found to be biologically
      inactive. A fourth olivoretin, D, which has a free hydroxyl group and is
      identical to one of the four teleocidin B isomers, teleocidin B-4 (teleocidin B
      of Hirata) was biologically active. These findings indicate that the free primary
      hydroxyl group of teleocidin B isomers is necessary for activity. The effect on
      biological activity of the structural difference between des-O-methylolivoretin B
      (teleocidin B-1) and des-O-methylolivoretin C was also studied.

PMID- 6439592
TI  - Characterization of thymic lymphoid-stromal cell complex-forming cells in
      preleukemic AKR mice.
AB  - A small population of normal thymic lymphocytes, like the majority of thymic
      leukemia cells, formed cellular complexes with thymic epithelium-like stromal
      cells in pseudoemperipolesis. The properties of the complex-forming cells in
      preleukemic AKR thymus were analyzed after separation of the cells into
      subpopulations on the basis of cell size and surface antigen expression by using
      a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Complex-forming ability was associated with
      large cells and the following phenotypes: high Thy-1.1, low brain associated
      theta antigen, high H-2Kk, high Lyt-1, high gp70 and Ia negativity. These
      properties coincide in general with those of blast cells in the subcapsular zone
      of the thymus, which have been shown to consist mostly of complex-forming cells.
      The possible significance of complex formation of normal and leukemic thymocytes
      with thymic stromal cells is discussed.

PMID- 6439593
TI  - In vitro cytotoxicity to various human tumor cell lines of a tumor cytotoxic
      factor(s) produced by human alveolar macrophages.
AB  - When human alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by lavage of the lungs of healthy
      donors were incubated in medium with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) they
      released a factor(s) with tumor cell killing activity. This tumor cytolytic
      and/or cytotoxic factor(s) (TCF) was assayed by measuring its effect in
      inhibiting target cell growth. TCF activity was not observed in the supernatant
      from cultures of LPS-treated hematopoietic malignant cell lines (monocytic
      leukemia, B-cell leukemia and T-cell leukemia cell lines). Human TCF was
      significantly cytotoxic to 13 of 15 solid-tumor cell lines tested and to 7 of 9
      hematopoietic malignant cell lines, but not to two different normal,
      nontumorigenic cell lines. TCF-rich supernatants contained low levels of
      interferon (IFN) activity that were not significantly cytotoxic to A-375 melanoma
      cells. Human TCF and IFN-alpha or IFN-beta had additive cytotoxic effects. These
      data suggest that human TCF released by activated human AM may be of potential
      use in the treatment of malignant disseminated diseases.

PMID- 6439594
TI  - Endoscopic gastrojejunostomy: a technique to establish small bowel feeding
      without laparotomy.

PMID- 6439595
TI  - [Comparative anatomic studies of the vomeronasal complex and the rostral palate
      of various mammals].
AB  - The structures of the rostral palate in regard to the vomeronasal complex of
      different species of mammals were studied. In all cases, we find a very
      interesting system of furrows which preserves a connection between the
      nasopalatine ducts and the preoral surroundings. For rodents, lagomorphs,
      Solenodon, Setifer, and Echinops, we find a special situation in this part of the
      palate. Here the incisors are not separated by a diastema nor the oral openings
      of the nasopalatine ducts are overgrown by a bipartite caudal branch of the
      rhinarium. The results of the anatomic studies of the vomeronasal complex and the
      rostral palate of the mammals investigated are discussed: First of all, some
      elements of the vomeronasal complex needed to be analysed in regard to structure
      and nomenclature, specifically the cartilago paraseptalis with its outer bar, the
      cartilago ductus nasopalatini and the cartilago palatina. Because of 2
      criterions, the vomeronasal complex could be classified as either primitive or
      progressive. We find a primitive one in Didelphis, Tupaia, Solenodon,
      Oryctolagus, and all rodents. In contrast, the other insectivores studied and all
      primates show progressive structures at their vomeronasal complex. Finally,
      conclusions in regard to the function of the organs of Jacobson are derived from
      these studies. The significance of the "flehmen" mechanism for the functioning of
      the organs is questioned.

PMID- 6439596
TI  - [Partial red-cell aplasia of the bone marrow associated with hemoblastoses].

PMID- 6439597
TI  - Stimulation of growth hormone secretion by human pancreatic growth-hormone
      releasing factor and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in anaesthetized chickens.
AB  - Sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia depressed the concentration of growth hormone
      (GH) in the plasma of young (6 weeks of age) and old (22-30 weeks of age)
      domestic fowl. In both cases the concentration was reduced (P less than 0.05)
      within 10 min and had declined (P less than 0.001) to stable low levels (less
      than 5 ng/ml) within 50 min. The intravenous administration of synthetic human
      pancreatic growth-hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF) (10 micrograms/kg) (2 X 10(-9)
      mol/kg) increased (P less than 0.01) the GH concentration in both the young and
      old birds. This effect was observed irrespective of whether the birds were
      conscious or anaesthetized. The magnitude of the response in conscious young
      birds (164 ng/ml) was, however, greater (P less than 0.01) than that in
      anaesthetized chicks (64 ng/ml). The response in anaesthetized adult fowl (18.8
      ng/ml) was also less (P less than 0.05) than that in their conscious counterparts
      (42.8 ng/ml). The GH response in conscious and anaesthetized 6-week-old birds to
      hpGRF was greater (P less than 0.01) than that in the corresponding adult birds.
      Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) (10 micrograms/kg (2.8 X 10(-8) mol/kg); iv)
      also provoked (P less than 0.01) GH secretion in conscious and anaesthetized
      young birds and in anaesthetized (but not conscious) adults. Anaesthesia blunted
      (P less than 0.01) the GH response to TRH in the immature cockerels, although the
      response was greater (P less than 0.05) than that in anesthetized
      adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439598
TI  - Oestradiol 17 beta modifies fowl pituitary prolactin and growth hormone secretion
      in vitro.
AB  - Chicken pituitary glands were incubated in medium containing oestradiol 17 beta
      (E2), alone or together with single whole hypothalami. E2 stimulated prolactin
      release from the pituitary and increased the prolactin releasing activity of the
      hypothalamus, but did not affect growth hormone release. Preincubation of
      pituitaries with E2 dramatically stimulated subsequent prolactin release.
      Pituitaries primed with E2 were more responsive to the prolactin-stimulating
      effects of hypothalamic extract (HE) and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and
      more sensitive to the prolactin-inhibiting effect of dopamine. E2-primed
      pituitaries were much less sensitive to the growth hormone releasing activity of
      TRH and HE. These results show that E2 may regulate pituitary function by direct
      effects on hormone release by modifying pituitary sensitivity to stimulatory or
      inhibitory influences and by altering hypothalamic releasing activity.

PMID- 6439599
TI  - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 on prolactin release in
      the domestic fowl.
AB  - In vivo prolactin secretion was increased in immature cockerels 20-30 min after
      the intravenous administration of prostaglandin (PG) E2 at a dose of 200
      micrograms/kg. The addition of PGE2 to incubation medium had no direct effect on
      the release of pituitary prolactin during short-term (3-hr) culture, but
      augmented the stimulatory effect of hypothalamic tissue on prolactin secretion.
      The stimulatory effect of serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and histamine
      on hypothalamus-induced prolactin release was also increased when pituitaries
      were coincubated with 10(-7)M PGE2, as was the stimulatory effect of thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH) and hypothalamic extract (HE). The long-term (24-hr)
      preincubation of pituitaries with 10(-7)M PGE2 reduced the responsiveness of the
      prolactin-secreting cells to TRH or HE stimulation. PGE2 treatment also reduced
      the stimulatory effect of hypothalamic tissue on prolactin release and diminished
      the stimulatory effect of serotonin on hypothalamus-induced prolactin secretion.
      A 24-hr preincubation of hypothalamic tissue with 10(-7)M PGE2 also reduced its
      stimulatory effect on prolactin release when subsequently incubated with control
      pituitary glands. These results demonstrate that PGE2 initially stimulates in
      vivo and in vitro prolactin secretion in the fowl, possibly by increasing the
      release of hypothalamic prolactin-releasing activity and/or by increasing
      pituitary sensitivity to provocative stimuli. Chronic PGE2 stimulation appears to
      result in a reduction in pituitary responsiveness to stimulatory influences and
      in the release of hypothalamic-releasing activity.

PMID- 6439600
TI  - Components of selection in X chromosome lines of Drosophila melanogaster: sex
      ratio modification by meiotic drive and viability selection.
AB  - Selection coefficients and segregation parameters have been estimated in 18
      randomly chosen lines carrying wild X chromosomes on the cn bw genetic
      background. Each line was studied in replicated crosses of four types, with
      approximately 100 replications per line per cross. Crosses in which male X
      chromosomes differed exhibited significant sex ratio heterogeneity. Maximum
      likelihood estimation of segregation parameters revealed two lines in which the
      proportion of X-bearing gametes produced by males was significantly different
      from Mendelian expectations. These observations suggest that segregation
      distortion is a common feature of naturally occurring genetic variation. Non
      Mendelian segregation has important evolutionary implications.

PMID- 6439601
TI  - Ring chromosomes and rDNA magnification in Drosophila.
AB  - Tartof showed that ribosomal gene magnification in Drosophila was inhibited in a
      ring X chromosome. The present studies extend this observation by showing that
      ring X chromosomes are lost meiotically in male Drosophila undergoing ribosomal
      gene magnification as evidenced by the recovery of a lower number of ring-bearing
      progeny under magnifying conditions compared with nonmagnifying conditions.
      Associated with ring chromosome loss is a highly significant increase in the
      number of double-sized dicentric ring chromosomes in meiotic cells from
      magnifying males. These observations explain the failure of ring X chromosomes to
      magnify and imply that magnification in rod chromosomes occurs via a mechanism of
      unequal sister chromatid exchange. Our results support the hypothesis that the
      primary event of magnification is a sister chromatid exchange in the rDNA, that
      the frequency of sister strand exchanges is increased in magnifying flies, that a
      significant number of exchanges in magnifying flies occurs meiotically and that
      some of the exchanges are nonreciprocal. We have also found that autosomal
      mutations can affect both the frequency of abnormal ring structures and the
      ability of ring X chromosomes to magnify.

PMID- 6439602
TI  - [DNA repair in Drosophila oogenesis].
AB  - In experiments with females of lines with an impaired DNA repair systems mei-9
      (impaired excision repair) and mei-41 (impaired postreplicative repair), a method
      of successive irradiation by X-rays (1000 R) and hyperthermia (+37 degrees C)
      action was used for the purpose of defining a moment when DNA repair takes place
      in oogenesis. Repair in mature mei-41 oocytes judged of by synergism effect of
      the both factors acting was ascertained to take place right after X-raying (prior
      to DNA replication) and being absent at the fertilization period (at the time of
      or after DNA replication). DNA repair in mei-9 females was not registered in both
      cases. On the basis of these facts, it is suggested that coordination of various
      DNA repair systems is necessary for damaged chromosomes to be repaired. It is
      also concluded that the method used can be regarded as an effective technique in
      the study of mutation process.

PMID- 6439603
TI  - [Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern
      USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi].
AB  - The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals),
      five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer
      chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26
      electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK),
      diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT),
      carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate
      dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap),
      malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide
      dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci
      PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase
      D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp),
      hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf),
      ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl
      thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are
      polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and
      reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004,
      respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at
      these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for
      interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci
      to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been
      found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these
      ethnic groups.

PMID- 6439604
TI  - Bacillus megaterium spore protein C-3: nucleotide sequence of its gene and the
      amino acid sequence at its spore protease cleavage site.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus megaterium gene coding for spore-specific
      protein C-3 has been determined. The gene codes for 65 amino acids and the coding
      sequence is preceded by an efficient ribosome-binding site. The predicted protein
      C-3 sequence agrees with both the amino acid composition and the amino terminal
      sequence of protein C-3, and shows homology (approx. 65% of all residues are
      identical) with the sequences of the analogous proteins A and C of B. megaterium.
      Protein C-3 is cleaved by the sequence-specific B. megaterium spore protease, and
      the amino acid sequence at the new amino-terminus generated is identical to that
      predicted from the gene sequence, and homologous to the spore protease cleavage
      sites in the A and C proteins. The protein C-3 gene also shares a number of
      features with the previously sequenced protein C gene in both upstream and
      downstream flanking sequence.

PMID- 6439605
TI  - A modified protoplast-regeneration protocol facilitating the detection of cloned
      exoenzyme genes in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Incorporation of starch or casein into protoplast-regeneration medium facilitated
      shotgun cloning of alpha-amylase and neutral protease genes from an unidentified
      Bacillus sp. in Bacillus subtilis by polyethylene glycol-induced protoplast
      transformation. This modification and the use of the plasmid vector pPL603b
      enabled us to simultaneously select for promoter-bearing recombinant plasmids
      that expressed amylase or protease activity. The inserts were found to be 4 and
      4.6 kb, respectively. Although protease activity directed by the cloned gene was
      only 2- to 4-fold higher than for the donor strain, that of alpha-amylase was 28
      fold higher.

PMID- 6439606
TI  - Replication origin of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome determined by
      hybridization of the first-replicating DNA with cloned fragments from the
      replication origin region of the chromosome.
AB  - The replication origin (ori) on the Bacillus subtilis genome was determined by
      the hybridization between the first-replicating DNA region and the cloned
      fragments from the ori region. The first-replicating DNA region was labeled
      specifically by [3H]thymidine in the presence of an inhibitor for DNA polymerase
      during a synchronous initiation of the chromosomal replication by germinating
      spores starved for thymine, and isolated by a sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. Most of the labeled DNA molecules are small in size (up to 1000
      bases long). The 45-kb ori region was cloned first in a lambda Charon vector and
      then subcloned in pBR vectors. Restriction fragments from these cloned DNAs were
      purified by electrophoresis in agarose gels. Only one region within the 45-kb ori
      region shows strong hybridization with the first-replicating DNA. Restriction
      fragments from this region were cloned in a phage M13 vector and separated into
      complementary strands. Hybridization of the labeled DNA with these cloned single
      stranded fragments revealed that one site of the ori is located in each strand
      and they are some 2-kb apart from each other. Replication starts from these sites
      and proceeds inwards to pass each other.

PMID- 6439607
TI  - Effects of chronic intracameral injections of chondroitin sulfate on cat eyes.
AB  - The effect of chondroitin sulfate on the metabolism of trabecular meshwork was
      studied by repeatedly injecting a chondroitin sulfate solution into the anterior
      chamber of cat (experimental) eyes for 28-29 weeks. The aqueous humor of the
      opposite (control) eyes were similarly replaced with a phosphate-buffered saline
      glucose solution. The intraocular pressure of the experimental eyes was increased
      4-7 mm Hg above that of the control eyes for a prolonged period of time. In
      addition, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and basement membrane-like material
      were moderately increased in the trabecular meshwork of experimental eyes. Three
      forms of thickened basement membranes of endothelial cells were observed. The
      compact multilaminated basement membrane was formed concentrically around some of
      the trabecular beams. The discontinuous, thin basement membrane was seen among
      bundles of coarse collagen in association with long spacing collagen fibers.
      Also, fine filaments were noted streaming from the plasma membrane and basement
      membrane of endothelial cells of angular aqueous veins. Chondroitinase ABC was
      able to remove ground substance in the elastic fiber of the trabecular meshwork.
      Biochemically, the chamber angle tissues from these eyes showed a higher
      synthetic activity of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. Chondroitin sulfate
      appears to have a direct effect on trabecular meshwork and can influence the
      physiologic function of these cells.

PMID- 6439609
TI  - [Endocrinomorphologic correlation of the ovary in menopause].

PMID- 6439608
TI  - Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by chick retinal pigment epithelium in vitro.
AB  - Cultured chick embryonal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells synthesized two
      main glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chondroitin 4-sulfate, and heparan sulfate.
      Chondroitin 4-sulfate was liberated mainly in the medium (apical side) and
      heparan sulfate was incorporated into the cell and/or basement membrane.
      Glycosaminoglycans liberated into the medium were composed of chondroitin 4
      sulfate (44%), keratan sulfate (22%), heparan sulfate (18%) and hyaluronate
      (12%). On the other hand, the GAGs in the cell and/or basement membrane were
      composed of heparan sulfate (52%), hyaluronate (19%), and chondroitin 4-sulfate
      (13%).

PMID- 6439611
TI  - Genotoxicity of N-nitrosothiazolidine in microbial and hepatocellular test
      systems.
AB  - The genotoxicity of N-nitrosothiazolidine was studied in a microbial system and
      in a hepatocellular system. The compound showed positive responses in both tests,
      exhibiting weak mutagenicity at the lowest level tested (1 mg/plate) in the rec
      assay in Bacillus subtilis, and inducing statistically significant levels of DNA
      repair in primary hepatocyte cultures at concentrations ranging from 2 X 10(-4)
      to 2 X 10(-3) M.

PMID- 6439610
TI  - Evaluation of indium scintigraphy in patients with active inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - Recent reports have indicated a possible role for 111Indium leucocyte
      scintigraphy in the management of patients with acute inflammatory bowel disease.
      Our experience with this technique in 15 patients (nine with ulcerative colitis,
      six with Crohn's disease) is described. Perfect agreement was not obtained
      between scintigraphic appearances and other conventional means in the assessment
      of extent of disease. Good correlation, however, was found between disease
      activity and recovery of labelled leucocytes in the faeces. While this latter
      finding could be used as an objective means of assessing response to therapy, it
      is concluded that conventional indium scintigraphy, using indium oxine-labelling
      of mixed leucocytes, is insufficiently reliable to replace usual methods for
      determining extent of disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6439612
TI  - Comparative hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in the rat.

PMID- 6439613
TI  - Bladder freeze ulceration and sodium saccharin feeding in the rat: examination
      for urinary nitrosamines, mutagens and bacteria, and effects on hepatic
      microsomal enzymes.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that long-term feeding of sodium saccharin, a non
      mutagen, induced bladder carcinomas when administered to F344 male rats with
      regenerative hyperplasia of the urothelium induced by the freeze-ulceration
      technique, even without prior chemical initiation (Cohen et al. Cancer Res. 1982,
      42, 65). In the present study, we examined the urine of rats subjected to freeze
      ulceration of the bladder and then fed sodium saccharin at 5% in the diet to
      evaluate the possibility of a mutagen being generated as a result of ulceration
      and/or saccharin feeding. Urine was collected into a syringe by aspiration from
      the urinary bladder after ligating the urethra for 2 hr at intervals from day 0
      to day 14 after ulceration. After ulceration and/or sodium saccharin feeding, the
      urine showed no bacterial contamination, no mutagenic activity in the standard
      Ames assay, no production of nitrosamines, and no nitrosating environment. In
      addition, no significant changes in activities of liver microsomal enzymes (i.e.
      cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, aniline hydroxylase, or
      ethylmorphine N-demethylase) were observed in rats fed sodium saccharin for 1, 5
      or 14 days. Thus, freeze ulceration, and the consequent regenerative hyperplasia
      of the epithelium, compared with sodium saccharin feeding do not involve the
      administration of an exogenous mutagenic substance or the generation of a
      detectable mutagen in the urine.

PMID- 6439614
TI  - Stimulatory effect of Sertoli cell culture medium on the FSH release by pituitary
      halves in vitro.
AB  - The influence of the medium collected from cultured rat Sertoli cells on the
      spontaneous and LHRH-stimulated release of gonadotropins by incubated rat
      pituitary halves was examined. The homogeneity of the cultured population of
      Sertoli cells taken from 20-day-old rats ranged up to 98%. The cells in culture
      responded to FSH stimulation with characteristic morphological changes and with
      increased secretion of estradiol-17 beta. The hemi-pituitaries obtained from
      sexually mature male rats were incubated for 5 hours in the presence of Sertoli
      cell culture medium (SCCM) or its fractions obtained by use of ultrafiltration.
      The SCCM fraction deprived of MW less than 10 kD compounds exhibited a typical
      inhibin-like activity, whereas crude SCCM as well as its low-molecular-weight
      fraction stimulated the basal FSH release to about 150% and 175% of the control
      values, respectively. These fractions exerted an inhibitory effect on the LHRH
      stimulated secretion of both LH and FSH. It is concluded that Sertoli cells
      cultured in chemically defined medium release, apart from inhibin, a non
      steroidal, heat-labile substance of MW less than 10 kD which stimulates the basal
      secretion of FSH and LH and inhibits the LHRH-stimulated secretion of both
      gonadotropins from incubated rat hemi-pituitaries.

PMID- 6439615
TI  - Dissociation of thyroglobulin and thyroid hormone secretion following endogenous
      thyrotropin stimulation by oral TRH.

PMID- 6439616
TI  - Serum TSH, T4, T3, FT4, FT3, rT3, and TBG in youngsters with non-ketotic insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Several parameters of thyroid function were studied in 112 non-ketoacidotic
      youngsters with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Levels of thyroxine
      (T4), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and T3
      were lower than in controls, whereas FT4, and FT3 were normal. T4 levels in IDDM
      patients were positively related to T3, rT3 and TBG, and inversely related to
      haemoglobin A1 (HbA1). However, only 4 patients showed biochemical hypothyroidism
      (T4 less than 5 micrograms/100 ml), whereas their FT4, FT3 and thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were normal. Concurrent variations of T3 and rT3
      levels were found in IDDM patients; thus, their T3/rT3 ratios were stable or
      higher than in controls, indicating that peripheral deiodination of T4 is
      preferentially oriented to production of rT3 only during ketoacidosis. Although
      changes in thyroid function may reflect the degree of metabolic control of
      diabetes in a large population, the clinical usefulness of serum thyroid hormone
      measurements in an individual case still appears to be limited.

PMID- 6439617
TI  - Comparison of estrogen priming effects with body weight restoration effects on
      the gonadotropin pattern of patients with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Plasma estradiol (E2), serum LH and FSH, and the gonadotropin response to two
      consecutive LHRH administrations (10 and 100 micrograms with an interval of 2 h)
      were determined in 19 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) at the emaciation
      phase, before and after estradiol benzoate (E2B) injections (3 micrograms/kg/day
      for 7 days). The same investigations were repeated after weight restoration in 9
      AN patients who remained amenorrheic. Both at the emaciation phase and after
      weight restoration, E2B enhanced the second LH response to LHRH and decreased
      serum FSH, suggesting that the functional capacities of the pituitary
      gonadotrophs are normal in AN. Unlike E2B injections, weight restoration
      increased all the hormone values, suggesting that the weight restoration effects
      on the abnormal gonadotropin secretory pattern of AN depend on another mechanism
      than the E2 lowering. That mechanism is probably a disorder of the hypothalamic
      LHRH secretion, the consequences of which could be reinforced by the low E2
      levels.

PMID- 6439618
TI  - Effect of repeated stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on
      thyrotropin and prolactin secretion in perfused euthyroid and hypothyroid rat
      pituitary fragments.
AB  - The previously reported refractoriness of pituitary response to thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) stimuli was investigated here in an in vitro perfusion
      system using pituitary tissue from euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to TRH (28 pmol) were
      significantly greater in hypothyroid tissue compared with euthyroid. Hypothyroid
      tissue showed a reduction in response to two consecutive stimuli in both TSH and
      PRL, however the TSH decline in response was more marked than PRL. Euthyroid
      tissue showed no significant decline in response to TRH. An increase in the dose
      of TRH (112 pmol), administered to euthyroid tissue, resulted in increased TSH
      and PRL response, but no decline in response to sequential stimuli was observed.
      Three consecutive stimuli by TRH (28 pmol) of hypothyroid tissue resulted in a
      consistent decline in TSH response. The decline in PRL response only reached
      statistical significance by the third stimulation. Euthyroid and hypothyroid
      pituitary tissue was subjected to sequential depolarising stimulation with KCl
      (50 mumol). Euthyroid tissue showed no decline in response in either TSH or PRL.
      In hypothyroid tissue only, the decline in TSH response reached statistical
      significance. This decline in TSH response was significantly smaller than the
      decline in response observed in hypothyroid tissue stimulated with TRH.
      Refractoriness of hypothyroid pituitary tissue to repeated TRH stimuli is
      reported here. Our data suggest that the decline in hormonal response cannot be
      explained solely on the basis of tissue depletion.

PMID- 6439619
TI  - Effect of neuraminidase on inhibin activity in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Matrex gel red A purified follicular fluid has been used to study whether or not
      this material contains sialic acid residues and their importance in maintaining
      the biological activity of inhibin both in vitro and in vivo. It appears that
      sialic acid is present in these preparations and can be released either by
      neuraminidase treatment of acid hydrolysis. The addition of intact and
      desialylated inhibin-containing material to isolated rat pituitary cells in
      culture gives similar inhibition of LHRH-induced FSH release of these cells
      indicating that sialic acid is not required for inhibin activity in vitro. The
      injection of intact inhibin preparations leads to a reduction of the uterine
      weight increase seen in immature female mice primed with human chorionic
      gonadotropin. By contrast, the inhibition of this uterine weight increment by 80%
      desialylated inhibin-containing material is significantly reduced, suggesting
      that sialic acid residues play an important role in maintaining the biological
      activity of inhibin in vivo.

PMID- 6439620
TI  - A new metalloproteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype I.
AB  - Isolation and purification of a metalloproteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens
      Biotype I are described. The molecular mass of the enzyme is 46 kDa, its
      isoelectric point is 8.1, its activity is trypsin-like. The amino-acid
      composition of the single chain protein is given. One molecule of the enzyme
      contains 1 atom of zinc and 9 atoms of calcium.

PMID- 6439621
TI  - Thyroid function and affective disorders.

PMID- 6439622
TI  - T cells, the MHC, and function.
AB  - The model presented relates the class of MHC molecule recognized with the
      activity of T lymphocytes. This occurs by postulating that the function of MHC
      molecules is to present determinants to differentiation directing (D) receptors
      on T lymphocytes. These D receptors are distributed nonclonally and interact with
      nonpolymorphic determinants on MHC molecules which are normally inaccessible. The
      result of this interaction is to allow for the expression of a functional
      phenotype for the T cell providing that helper signals are present. In the case
      of alloreactive CTL that recognize class II or Th that recognize class I
      molecules we postulate that these T cells require the presence of class I or
      class II molecules, respectively, on the target cell. Recognition of antigen in
      the absence of helper signals leads to tolerance of both Th.P and CTL.P. Since
      helper signals are required for the activation of CTL.P, a lack of specific Th,
      determined by class II alleles, will prevent development of a proportion of the
      CTL repertoire.

PMID- 6439623
TI  - Spectrum of alpha chain disease in India.

PMID- 6439624
TI  - [Comparison of the in vitro activity of ceftazidime: in culture, in serum and in
      combination with granulocytes].
AB  - The bactericidal activity of ceftazidime against 5 serum resistant Staphylococcus
      epidermidis and 5 serum sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was compared in
      Mueller-Hinton broth and normal human serum. Except for the first 4 hours
      incubation time ceftazidime was less active in serum as compared to broth against
      the serum resistant staphylococci at subinhibitory concentrations. Against the
      serum sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains the in vitro activity of
      ceftazidime in serum was significantly higher than in broth at all concentrations
      investigated. In vitro activity of ceftazidime was best in combination with
      leukocytes and serum against a Staphylococcus aureus and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strain. Leukocytes in serum enhanced the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime
      against a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain already at 1/4 MIC, which could only
      slightly be improved at 1 MIC, but not at 4 MIC.

PMID- 6439625
TI  - [Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to penicillin and penicillinase
      producers. Study of in vitro sensitivity to third generation cephalosporin].

PMID- 6439626
TI  - [Disodium cromoglycate in atopic dermatitis: Double-blind therapeutic
      experience].

PMID- 6439627
TI  - Effect of inhibin on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in prepubertal rats.

PMID- 6439628
TI  - Transfection assay test system: assay of four chemical mutagens.

PMID- 6439629
TI  - Arterial desaturation in tropical eosinophilia.

PMID- 6439631
TI  - Histological study of eye malformations induced by cyclophosphamide in rat
      foetuses.

PMID- 6439630
TI  - H-2 influences phenytoin binding and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
AB  - We have reported that susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and phenytoin-induced
      cleft palate and glucocorticoid receptor levels in mice are influenced by the H-2
      histocompatibility complex on chromosome 17. Phenytoin competes with
      glucocorticoids for the glucocorticoid receptor and inhibits production of
      prostaglandins and thromboxanes. In this paper we have investigated whether, as
      in the case of glucocorticoids, phenytoin receptor levels and phenytoin-induced
      inhibition of prostaglandins are influenced by H-2 in a variety of mouse tissues.
      Using congenic strains varying only in the H-2 region, but otherwise having
      either the A/Wy(A) or B10(B) genetic background, we demonstrate here that
      phenytoin receptor content in the lung and liver is significantly higher in the
      strains with H-2a (A/Wy and B10.A) than in their corresponding H-2b partners
      (A.BY and B10). The H-2 complex also influences phenytoin-induced inhibition of
      the release of 3H-arachidonic acid and prostaglandin biosynthesis from
      thymocytes, prelabeled with 3H-arachidonic acid. Thus, these results suggest a
      similar genetic and biochemical pathway for the teratogenic action of both
      phenytoin and glucocorticoids.

PMID- 6439632
TI  - Tuberculosis prevalence survey in Kashmir valley.

PMID- 6439633
TI  - Nutritional support as an adjunct therapy of advanced cancer patients.

PMID- 6439634
TI  - A study of pituitary-thyroid function during exercise in man.
AB  - Exercise induced modulations in circulatory T4, T3 and TSH were monitored in 14
      healthy euthyroid male volunteers undergoing exercise on a bicycle ergometer at
      750 KPM for 20 minutes. TSH response to 100 micrograms TRH was also studied in 4
      exercising and 4 resting subjects. Serial blood samples were obtained before,
      during and after the exercise. Serum T4 exhibited a significant decrease (P less
      than 0.05) from 9.6 +/- 0.49 microgram/dl (mean +/- SE) to 8.3 +/- 0.47
      microgram/dl at 20 min after the termination of the exercise, whereas a
      significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in T3 levels from 158 +/- 9 ng/dl to 144
      +/- 8.2 ng/dl was recorded at 40 min after the termination of the exercise. The
      basal TSH levels as well as the sensitivity of the pituitary thyroid axis,
      monitored as overall TSH response, reflected by the sum of TSH values at
      different time intervals and the maximum rise over the basal levels (delta TSH)
      remained unaltered after exercise. These observations suggest that hormone
      secretion by the thyroid and its responsiveness to endogenous TSH are maintained
      after exercise. The decrease in circulatory T4 and T3 could be due to an increase
      in degradation of the hormones or may reflect a generalized adaptation
      phenomenon. The exact mechanism and significance of these alterations remains to
      be elucidated.

PMID- 6439635
TI  - Supplementary nutrition programmes.

PMID- 6439636
TI  - Sodium valproate in the treatment of childhood epilepsies.

PMID- 6439637
TI  - Vitamin-A deficiency in pre-school children.

PMID- 6439638
TI  - [Prospective study of complications of central venous catheters].
AB  - The complications of central venous catheters used for immediate postoperative
      nutrition and monitoring were evaluated in 120 patients. Two patients had to be
      excluded due to an irregular protocol. 149 central venous catheters were placed
      in the remaining 118 patients. As to the access, the subclavian vein was used in
      72.3%, the v. jugularis interna in 18.9%. The catheters were in average 11.7 days
      in place giving a total of 1392 catheter days. The end of therapy was the most
      frequent reason for removal of the catheter (81.6%) followed by septic (4.1%) and
      mechanical problems (8.8%). Venous thrombosis was observed in 2 patients, and
      embolisation of a catheter fragment and acute infusothorax each in 1 patient. 13%
      of the catheters were found to be malpositioned, and malposition was identified
      as a risk factor for thrombosis.--It is concluded from the comparison of these
      results with the literature, that the central venous catheter for parenteral
      nutrition has a risk of complication greater than 5% and therefore requires a
      clear indication. X-ray-control of catheter position is obligatory and
      malpositioned catheters are to be corrected. If the parenteral regimen is low in
      glucose concentration and osmolarity, blood sampling and monitoring via the same
      central venous line does not appear to increase the rate of complications.

PMID- 6439639
TI  - [Peripheral venous tolerance of a hyperosmolar basic solution].
AB  - A controlled open clinical trial was carried out to compare the peripheral venous
      tolerance of patients receiving a hyperosmolar basic nutrition solution (3% amino
      acids, carbohydrates and electrolytes, 806 mosm/l) with that of patients
      receiving an isoosmolar electrolyte solution (299 mosm/l). 13 patients received
      the basic solution, 11 the electrolyte solution. The study was terminated after 4
      days. For comparison the infusion time and local venous irritation of each
      patient were recorded. In both the infusion time and local irritation a slight
      trend in favour of the electrolyte solution was found, which, however, did not
      reach statistical significance. We conclude, that under normal clinical
      circumstances a hyperosmolar basic nutrition solution does not cause a higher
      rate of peripheral venous irritations compared with an isoosmolar electrolyte
      solution and should be administered to patients with an expected infusion time of
      not longer than 4 days.

PMID- 6439640
TI  - [Severe phosphate depletion in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (case report)].
AB  - The appearance of the syndrome of phosphate depletion (plasma phosphorus level:
      0,12 mmol/l) in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is reported. The
      inorganic phosphorus is essential for the resynthesis of 2,3-DPG and ATP,
      therefore phosphate depletion results in tissue hypoxia and decrease of energy
      rich phosphate with disturbances of various organ systems. The causes,
      pathogenetic mechanisms and the clinical signs and symptoms are discussed.
      Regular controlls of plasma phosphorus levels and a prophylactic substitution of
      phosphate are recommended.

PMID- 6439641
TI  - [Postoperative tube feeding of maxillary surgery patients with the high molecular
      drinking and tube feeding solution Fresubin].
AB  - 41 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery received mostly for 10 days the
      instant formula diet Fresubin liquid during the postoperative period. The diet
      was applied via a nasogastric tube. Feeding had to be interrupted in 5 patients
      (12.5%) due to nausea, vomitus and diarrhoea. The incidence of nausea, diarrhoea
      and eructuation with short duration was in relation to the days of tube feeding
      0.9%. The mean frequency of defacation was 0.7/24 hours. Giving about 25 kcal/kg
      body weight/day we did not see significant changes of body weight, of the Na, K
      and Ca serum concentrations or other effects. Caused by operation and anesthesia
      we found a decrease of the hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin in the serum, and an
      increase of SGOT and SGPT.

PMID- 6439642
TI  - A new method for long-term intravenous alimentation in unrestrained rats.
AB  - A new technique for continuous long term intravenous alimentation in unrestrained
      rats has been developed. The model involves the use of the intravenous tubing set
      which was constructed from the barrel of a 1 ml syringe-cylinder with flanges
      sutured to the rat's skin. After inserting the silicone catheter into the jugular
      vein the free end was exited at the intraauricular area and passed through the
      intravenous tubing set. The tubing was then connected with a silk suture to the
      top of the cage. This prohibits twisting of the system and allows unrestrained
      movement of the rat in the cage with a rotation of 6-8 turns in either direction.
      The metabolic cage was constructed from an inverted 4-liter glass jug with the
      base removed. A floor and root were fashioned from coarse wire screen. Urine and
      feces were easily separated and collected through the neck of the jug. This new
      "proxy" set was tested and compared with the standard swivel assembly parameters
      in rats infused by either method. However, the cost of the new set (excluding
      pump) was almost 90 times less than its commercially available counterpart. This
      self constructed approach should bring small animal research within the economic
      means of the most investigators.

PMID- 6439643
TI  - Diuretics.

PMID- 6439644
TI  - Mechanisms and measurement of injury to the alveolar-capillary barrier.

PMID- 6439645
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of opiates.

PMID- 6439646
TI  - Diagnostic value of the hamster oocyte penetration assay.

PMID- 6439647
TI  - Obstruction of the tubuli recti and ductuli efferentes by dilated veins in the
      testes of men with varicocele and its possible role in causing atrophy of the
      seminiferous tubules.
AB  - Hormone measurements, spermiograms and testicular biopsies studies were performed
      in young with varicocele. In addition, the testes and epididymides of 27 adults
      with varicocele were obtained from autopsies. Light and electron microscopic
      examination of biopsy and autopsy specimens revealed two types of lesions in
      testes with varicocele: 1) a diffuse lesion consisting of abnormal spermatozoa
      and spermatid morphology and sloughing of immature spermatozoa and spermatid; 2)
      focal lesion, distributed irregularly throughout the testicular parenchyma,
      affecting several small groups of seminiferous tubules. Each of these groups
      corresponded to a testicular lobule and showed different degrees of tubular
      atrophy, so that the focal lesions were distributed in a mosaic pattern. The
      testicular interstitium showed dilated veins and venules, and progressive
      collagenization. Some testes showed dilated veins in the rete testis, which
      compressed several tubuli recti and caused tubular atrophy in the seminiferous
      tubules opening into these tubuli recti. Other testes showed dilated young veins
      among the ductuli efferentes, and the rete testis channels appeared to be
      dilated. Among the different etiological mechanisms which have been suggested to
      for testicular lesions in varicocele, tubular obstruction at the level of either
      the tubuli recti or the ductuli efferentes might be responsible for lesions
      leading to testicular atrophy.

PMID- 6439648
TI  - Use of the micronucleus test to monitor the effect of vitamin A, beta-carotene
      and canthaxanthin on the buccal mucosa of betel nut/tobacco chewers.
AB  - The frequency of exfoliated cells with micronuclei in buccal swabs was used to
      estimate the protective effect of vitamin A, beta-carotene and canthaxanthin
      (4,4'-diketo-beta-carotene) on the buccal mucosa of betel (areca) nut/tobacco
      chewers. Micronuclei were scored on exfoliated cells taken by swabbing and
      stained with the Feulgen reaction and fast green. The betel (areca) nut/tobacco
      chewers served as their own controls. Prior to the administration of vitamin A
      and beta-carotene, the examined betel quid chewers had elevated frequencies of
      micronucleated buccal mucosa cells, averaging 4.03% +/- 1.24 SD (n = 26) and
      3.43% +/- 1.22 SD (n = 25), respectively. The frequency of micronucleated buccal
      mucosa cells in non-chewers and non-smokers was 0.51% (n = 52). Following a 9
      week ingestion of vitamin A (150,000 IU/week) and beta-carotene (180 mg/week in 6
      capsules), the frequency of micronucleated cells decreased significantly (p less
      than 0.001) to 1.70% and 1.16%, respectively. No significant shift in the
      frequencies of micronucleated cells was observed following the intake of
      canthaxanthin (180 mg/week in 6 capsules) for 9 weeks or that of a placebo. The
      lack of protective activity of canthaxanthin, which is a good trapper of oxygen
      singlets but cannot be converted into vitamin A, suggests that vitamin A and beta
      carotene exert their inhibitory effect on the formation of micronuclei by a
      mechanism not involving the scavenging of free radicals. The efficacy of beta
      carotene as an inhibitor of micronucleated cell formation, the lack of toxicity,
      and its availability from a multitude of dietary sources should focus attention
      on this carotenoid as a promising chemopreventive agent.

PMID- 6439649
TI  - Neoplastic kappa and lambda cells in a B-PLL with chromosome translocations of
      both light chain gene regions.
AB  - We describe a chromosome translocation t(2;13) (p11-12;p11) involving the kappa
      (kappa) light chain gene region (2p11-12), and a subsequent translocation
      t(11;22) (q23;11) involving the lambda (lambda) light chain gene region (22q11)
      within the same clone, in a patient with B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL),
      of whose peripheral mononuclear cells 82% expressed (kappa) chains and 8%
      expressed (lambda) chains. Electron microscope (EM) studies using the immunogold
      method showed that both kappa- and lambda-producing cells were prolymphocytes.
      Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene analysis by Southern blotting demonstrated rearrangement
      of both Ig heavy (H) chain genes and one kappa gene. Although a lambda gene
      rearrangement corresponding to the minor lambda-positive population was not
      detected, a small monoclonal (M) band of IgM-lambda was present in the serum. The
      chromosome translocations and the pattern of light chain expression, particularly
      the lambda-producing cells, are discussed in the light of the restricted light
      chain expression observed in Burkitt's lymphomas with variant translocations
      involving the light chain genes.

PMID- 6439650
TI  - The proliferative response of low-density human cell cultures to tumor promoters
      and its relevance to carcinogenic mechanisms in vitro.
AB  - The effects of the tumor promoter -12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, its
      analogues, and other tumor promoters, on the proliferation of human skin
      fibroblasts (SF) have been investigated. We have previously shown (Kopelovich and
      Bias, 1979), that TPA caused a biphasic (upward concave) dose effect in the
      cloning efficiency assay of normal and mutant human fibroblastic cell strains.
      Here we report that the biphasic dose response pattern, consisting of an
      inhibitory phase and a stimulatory phase, was shared by the active analogues of
      TPA, e.g., phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate. This biphasic
      dose effect relationship, however, was not seen with phorbol-12,13-diacetate or
      the inactive analogues of TPA such as phorbol and 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoyl
      phorbol-13-acetate, nor was it seen with mezerein, teleocidin, or bile-acid
      derivatives of humans. An analysis of the cloning efficiency data by the median
      effect equation (Chou and Talalay, 1981) showed that in low-density cultures both
      the inhibitory phase and the stimulatory phase of the dose-effect relationships
      of TPA, its analogues, mezerein, and teleocidin exhibited a linear median-effect
      plot and thus closely followed the basic mass-action principle. The median-effect
      plot of these data allowed quantitative determination of growth curve
      characteristic such as regression coefficient, slope (a measure of sigmoidicity),
      median-effect concentrations such as I50 for the inhibitory effect, and A50 for
      the stimulatory effect (i.e., the relative potency of the analogues) and the
      transition point of the biphasic phenomenon in the case of the phorbol esters. In
      addition, we have demonstrated a relationship between the dose response effect of
      TPA on the proliferation of various human cells and tumor progression in vitro.

PMID- 6439651
TI  - Induction of IL-2 production, IL-2 receptor expression and proliferation of T3- T
      PLL cells by phorbol ester.
AB  - Leukemic T cells from the peripheral blood of a patient with T-prolymphocytic
      leukemia (T-PLL) were investigated for their potential to differentiate in vitro
      upon exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The T-PLL cells,
      identified as typical PLL cells by nuclear morphology, were typed as E+slg-OKT1+3
      4+6-8-11+ cells lacking reactivity with OKI-1 or OKM-1. In addition, between 3%
      and 10% of the cells reacted with monoclonal antibodies against T10. In contrast
      to normal T cells, the T-PLL cells could not be induced to proliferate by
      mitogenic lectins or alloantigens in the presence or absence of human interleukin
      1 (IL-1), interleukin-2(IL-2) or allogeneic monocytes and did not produce IL-2.
      They also failed to proliferate in response to TPA or TPA in the presence of
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA), but under these conditions T-PLL cells secreted high
      levels of IL-2 activity. Incubation in the presence of PHA + TPA or TPA for 48 h
      induced T-PLL cells to become blasts exhibiting enhanced protein synthesis, and
      induced a 10-fold increase in the percentage of cells reactive with monoclonal
      antibodies against T10. At the same time, about 15% of the cells developed
      receptors for IL-2 as monitored by their reactivity with anti-Tac monoclonal
      antibody. Washing of these T-PLL cells to remove TPA resulted in the induction of
      proliferation upon subsequent culture in the presence of IL-2 or in medium only.
      Since proliferating T-PLL cells still failed to express T3 antigens, it was
      concluded that these leukemic cells represent a T-cell differentiation stage or a
      T-cell subset which can be activated via a T3-independent pathway.

PMID- 6439652
TI  - Subgroup analysis of BL-cell lines with polyclonal BL-specific antibodies.
AB  - A Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)-specific antibody (anti-GP70), previously described,
      was used to analyse 22 different BL-cell lines. The results indicated specificity
      of antibodies to lines that contain both surface membrane Ig (SmIg) and
      cytoplasmic Ig (CyIg). BL-cell lines derived from more immature B cells that do
      not have SmIg but rather have only CyIg were negative. A comparative study with
      antibody to common ALL antigen (CALLA) and to another BL-specific antigen (BLA)
      revealed coexpression of GP70 with those two antigens, but no identity between
      them.

PMID- 6439653
TI  - Macrophage oxidative burst and related cytotoxicity. I. Differential activation
      by tumor-promoting and non-tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
AB  - Mouse peritoneal macrophages elicit an oxidative burst (OB) response upon
      stimulation with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA).
      In this study we compare the OB-stimulating capacity of phorbol ester
      derivatives, structurally related to TPA, which differ in their tumor-promoting
      activity. Non-tumor-promoting derivatives such as phorbol 13-acetate, phorbol 12
      myristate, TPA-20-aldehyde and 4-O-methyl TPA were tested. These reagents
      stimulate macrophages to generate OB products such as O-2 and H2O2, yet the
      amounts required for stimulation are 1,000 times higher than the amounts of TPA
      required to elicit a comparable response. It has also been observed that, in the
      same order of magnitude, the above-mentioned derivatives are less efficient than
      TPA in rendering macrophages cytolytic toward erythrocytes. Another strong tumor
      promoter tested, teleocidin, has been found to be as potent as TPA in the
      activation of macrophage OB and in related activities.

PMID- 6439654
TI  - High- and low-leukemogenic variants of the radiation leukemia virus (RadLV):
      immunogenic, suppressive and genetic properties in relation to leukemogenic
      activity.
AB  - C57BL/6 (B6) mice inoculated with the highly leukemogenic variant of the
      radiation leukemia virus (A-RadLV) develop suppressor cells capable of abrogating
      potential anti-tumor immunity in vitro and in vivo. Inoculation of B6 animals
      with the low-leukemogenic D-RadLV variant does not result in suppressor cell
      generation but induces antitumor reactive lymphocytes. A-RadLV and D-RadLV are
      not leukemogenic in BALB/c or (B6 X BALB/c)F1(F1) mice, and reactive but not
      suppressor lymphocytes could be demonstrated in F1 animals inoculated with either
      virus. Infectivity assays and fingerprint analysis revealed that A-RadLV and D
      RadLV contain viruses with N and B tropism. In addition, thymoma cells induced by
      A-RadLV produced another virus with a fingerprint pattern containing X-MuLV
      elements. The possible implications of the different virus types on the
      immunogenic and leukemogenic properties of the RadLV variants are discussed.

PMID- 6439655
TI  - Variable inotropic effect of immune cells on mice atria--participation of
      metabolic products of arachidonic acid.
AB  - The effect of BALB/c anti CF1 lymph node cells and thymocytes on the spontaneous
      activity of isolated CF1 mouse atria was studied. Immune lymph node cells induced
      opposite effects depending on the number of immunizations. Immune lymph node
      cells from mice which received two immunizations decreased the contractile
      tension of the atrium, whereas, cells from mice exposed to three and five
      immunizations strongly increased the tension. Immune thymocytes induced only
      negative inotropic action and this effect did not depend on the number of
      immunizations. Indeed, it was similar after two, three or five immunizations.
      Control normal lymph node cells or thymocytes from BALB/c or CF1 mice had no
      effect on CF1 atria. Furthermore, BALB/c anti CF1 cells had no effect on BALB/c
      atria. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase activity prevented the negative inotropic
      influence of immune thymocytes and lymph node cells seen after two immunizations.
      In contrast, inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway abolished the positive
      inotropic action induced by lymph node cells obtained after three and five
      immunizations. Cell-free supernatants of lymph node cells from animals receiving
      five immunizations, stimulated the contractile activity of atrium, while those
      from thymocytes inhibited it, indicating that soluble factors are generated by
      contact of immune cells with the myocardium. It is proposed that upon recognition
      of alloantigens expressed by atrial cells, lymph node cells and thymocytes are
      activated and release either arachidonic acid metabolites or some factor(s) that
      induces this release by other cells, which in turn triggers different effects in
      myocardial tissue depending on the set of cells involved in the primary immune
      response.

PMID- 6439656
TI  - Eminectomy as surgical treatment for chronic mandibular dislocations.
AB  - Conservative and surgical methods are used to treat chronic dislocations of the
      temporomandibular joint. Different techniques described in the literature are
      discussed. 8 cases treated by eminectomy are presented and the results are
      evaluated.

PMID- 6439657
TI  - Infection after orthognathic surgery, with and without preventive antibiotics.
AB  - Prophylactic antibiotics are often administered during orthognathic surgery to
      prevent infection. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to a group of 389
      orthognathic surgery patients, with the development of 1 case of acute and 12
      cases of chronic infection. One case of chronic infection appeared in another
      group of 76 patients who had not received prophylactic antibiotics. Antibiotics
      seem not necessary for routine use in orthognathic operations, as a prophylaxis.

PMID- 6439658
TI  - Fractures of the facial skeleton in Reykjavik, Iceland, 1970-1979. (I) Mandibular
      fracture in 238 hospitalized patients, 1970-79.
AB  - Almost all facial fracture surgery in Iceland is performed in the hospitals in
      Reykjavik. Some information about the treatment of facial fractures at the City
      Hospital was published in the Icelandic Medical Journal in 1978. Apparently, no
      other research on facial fractures has been done here. This article, therefore,
      deals with 238 patients who sustained mandibular fracture in 1970-79. There was a
      marked increase in the incidence of fracture of the mandible during the research
      period, especially in 1974 and 1975. The total of fractures in women, 33%, was
      higher than in other countries. Assault was a major factor for both sexes.
      Especially interesting was the fact that beating and assault accounted for 46% of
      all mandibular fractures in women. Multiple fractures from beatings were commoner
      here in Iceland than in other countries. For the group as a whole, 52% of the
      patients had multiple fractures of the mandible. The incidence of fractures among
      those between 16 and 20 years of age was proportionately higher here than
      elsewhere due to car accidents and assault and battery. The types of fracture and
      area of occurrence in the mandible varied with the cause. Fractures of the corpus
      and angulus mandibulae were proportionately common, both because of the number of
      assault cases and also because the proportion of those who were edentulous, 19%,
      was higher than in other countries. Among the young, fracture of the processus
      condylaris was commonest, and up to age 30, when fracture of the corpus
      mandibulae was more likely. Fracture of the processus coronoideus never occurred
      alone. In all cases, it was accompanied by a fracture in another area of the
      mandible or zygomatic fracture, and this result is in accordance with the idea
      that the processus coronoideus almost never breaks alone, because of its
      location, its strength, and the attachment of the muscles.

PMID- 6439659
TI  - Intraligamentary anesthesia--a histological study.
AB  - Intraligamentary dental anesthesia is considered to be an efficient and
      clinically safe anesthetic technique, and as a result, is widely used. The
      present study evaluates histologically any possible damage to the periodontal
      apparatus, in baboon monkeys. The damage induced by the injection needle and/or
      the anesthetic solution, which was injected under high pressure, was localized,
      minor and reversible. In most of the specimens, all signs of damage disappeared
      within 8 days following injection. In others, some granulation tissue was evident
      in the lamina propria 15 days following injection. However, no bone or cemental
      damage was observed.

PMID- 6439660
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in the Sudan.
AB  - Burkitt's lymphoma is the commonest of the jaw tumours affecting children in some
      parts of the tropical Africa. In the Sudan, the tumour appears to be relatively
      uncommon and our study showed only 7 cases during a 5-year period from December
      1975 through to December 1980. The clinical features, aetiology, histopathology
      and the treatment of the tumour are discussed and the literature briefly
      reviewed.

PMID- 6439661
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the maxilla.
AB  - A case of chondrosarcoma of the maxilla with axial and coronal computed
      tomography is presented. The value of this new modality over conventional
      radiographs is discussed. A cartilagenous malignancy was suggested by a soft
      tissue mass with calcification. In addition there was lysis and osteoblastic bony
      reaction. Tumour extension into neighbouring structures is excellently
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6439662
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in a 2-year-old child.
AB  - A rare case of Kaposi's Sarcoma primarily originating in the oral cavity of a 2
      year-old male child with subsequent metastatic spread to the lymph node is
      presented and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 6439663
TI  - Oro-nasal fistula secondary to maxillary augmentation.
AB  - A case of maxillary ridge augmentation complicated by oro-nasal fistula is
      presented. Etiology and treatment as well as future surgical considerations are
      discussed.

PMID- 6439664
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic study of Actinomyces colony in odontogenic periapical
      infection.
AB  - A periapical Actinomyces colony was studied by immunoelectron microscopy with a
      specific antiserum against Actinomyces israelii. Positive as well as some
      negative micro-organisms were seen within the colony. Reacting antigens were
      localized in the cytoplasm and the cell wall of the bacteria, which suggests that
      more than one antigen is involved in the reactions with the present antiserum.
      The ultrastructural results confirmed the applicability of the peroxidase method
      with Actinomyces antiserum in paraffin sections for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 6439665
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma of the mandibular gingiva.
AB  - A rare case of a primary malignant melanoma of the mandibular molar area in a
      young adult is described. Widespread metastases as well as local recurrence
      developed within 9 months in spite of an aggressive surgical approach combined
      with immuno- and chemotherapy.

PMID- 6439666
TI  - Oral gonococcal infection.
AB  - 2 patients are described in whom the occurrence of central papillary atrophy of
      the tongue (CPA) was concurrent with gonococcal stomatitis. The significance of
      this finding is discussed in an attempt to highlight the fact that, in many
      patients, infectious processes may be responsible for the production of CPA.
      Previous reports combining gonococcal stomatitis and central papillary atrophy of
      the tongue were not found during a thorough review of the world literature.

PMID- 6439667
TI  - Incomplete median cleft of the lower lip associated with cleft palate, the Pierre
      Robin anomaly or hypodontia.
AB  - 12 female subjects with an incomplete median cleft of the lower lip associated
      with cleft palate in 7 subjects, with the Pierre Robin anomaly in 3 and with only
      agenesis of the lower permanent central incisors in 2, are presented. In all
      subjects, the bony structure of the lower jaw was within normal limits and
      without cleft. The literature on median clefts of the lower lip and mandible is
      reviewed and the findings in the present 12 cases compared with 46 reviewed
      cases.

PMID- 6439668
TI  - Survival of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acarina: Ixodidae) and persistence of
      Theileria parva (Apicomplexa: Theileriidae) in the field.

PMID- 6439669
TI  - Origin of a fluorescence increase accompanying the limited proteolysis of
      fluorescein-labeled human prothrombin by Factor Xa.
AB  - In a search for a probe which would report its proteolysis to thrombin, the human
      blood coagulation zymogen prothrombin was covalently labeled with fluorescein.
      Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (DCTAF)
      both introduced approximately 1 molecule of dye, but labeling occurred at
      different locations, as FITC had no effect on clotting activity whereas DCTAF
      caused 95% inactivation. At pH 9.0 DCTAF, but not FITC, could induce labeling up
      to 4 mol/mol. All derivatives were activated normally by prothrombinase (the
      activating complex of Factor Xa, Factor V(a), Ca2+ and phospholipids), as
      indicated by the pattern of bands on SDS gel electrophoresis and an unaltered
      yield of activity toward a chromogenic substrate for thrombin. Upon undergoing
      this limited proteolysis, the most heavily labeled derivative showed a 40%
      increase in fluorescence of the fluorescein at 520 nm (lambda ex 480 nm). In
      contrast, the fluorescence of lightly labeled forms was more intense but
      increased by only 0-5% upon activation. The data suggest that the lower
      fluorescence of the most labeled form is due to an intramolecular quenching
      effect between the dye molecules on individual polypeptide chains that is partly
      relieved when activation occurs.

PMID- 6439670
TI  - Staff composition, job perceptions, and work retention of nursing personnel in
      geriatric institutions.

PMID- 6439671
TI  - Literature review: measurement of adequate care.

PMID- 6439672
TI  - Paramagnetic NMR contrast agents. Development and evaluation.
AB  - Paramagnetic ions could be theoretically used as NMR contrast agents because of
      their effect upon T1. However, the toxicity of these ions prevents their
      application. By the formation of appropriate chemical complexes with these ions,
      the toxicity of these agents can be substantially reduced while maintaining the
      paramagnetic effect. Two potential NMR contrast agents, one for oral use and one
      for intravenous administration, were developed and evaluated both in vitro and in
      vivo. The effect upon T1 in vitro of these paramagnetic compounds was determined
      using a JEOL FX-90Q NMR spectrometer. These agents were evaluated in vivo in dogs
      with a Technicare 0.3 tesla superconducting magnet system and in rabbits with the
      Aberdeen 0.04 tesla resistive NMR imager. Using calculated T1 NMR images, a
      nontoxic dose of gadolinium oxalate provided visualization of the
      gastrointestinal tract. Intravenous administration of chromium EDTA provided
      enhancement of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, thereby potentially allowing
      for the evaluation of renal function with magnetic resonance imaging. Stable
      paramagnetic complexes can serve as effective, nontoxic, oral and intravenous NMR
      contrast agents.

PMID- 6439673
TI  - Nutrition and brain development.

PMID- 6439674
TI  - beta-Lactamase stability of some cephalosporins.

PMID- 6439675
TI  - Diamine oxidase from horse kidney: ionic strength dependence of stability and
      activity.
AB  - Diamine oxidase was prepared from horse kidney by a procedure involving heat
      denaturation at 50 degrees C, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on
      hydroxyapatite and on G-200 Sephadex columns. This procedure gave about 1000 fold
      purification over the crude kidney cortex homogenate. The enzyme preparations
      thus obtained are stable only at high ionic strength. The effect on enzyme
      activity of salt concentration and various stabilizing agents have been
      investigated. The horse kidney diamine oxidase is irreversibly inhibited by
      carbonyl reagents and shows substrate specificity quite similar to other animal
      diamine oxidases.

PMID- 6439676
TI  - Induction by streptococcal L-forms of two reproductive isolating mechanisms in
      Drosophila paulistorum.
AB  - The six semispecies of the Drosophila paulistorum complex do not normally
      interbreed, but when hybrids are produced in the laboratory, the males are
      sterile. In earlier work, cytoplasmic components responsible for this sterility
      had been transferred by injection of streptococcal L-forms isolated from the
      Mesitas and Santa Marta flies. To extend these findings, and L-form from the
      Centro-American flies was injected into three semispecies. Transfer of L-form
      from one semispecies to another resulted in sterile male progeny. The L-form
      isolated from Mesitas was injected into all six semispecies. Results simulated
      "hybrid inviability," i.e., only the Mesitas semispecies produced the expected
      number of offspring, and the total number of progeny from the other five
      semispecies was considerably reduced. Despite the small numbers of males,
      reflecting induced inviability, there was evidence that the transfer of L-forms
      from one semispecies to another simultaneously caused sterility in male progeny.

PMID- 6439677
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of mycoplasma infections.
AB  - The relative efficiency of different media for the isolation of M. pneumoniae is
      discussed, with emphasis on the utility of SP-4 medium as a primary medium for
      isolation. Media available for isolation and identification of ureaplasmas are
      also described. Rapid methods of identification of isolated mycoplasmas are
      surveyed. The use and value of serologic procedures in the clinical laboratory
      are evaluated with particular reference to the complement fixation procedure and
      its value as compared to other methods. The possibilities for the development of
      direct antigen detection procedures for clinical use are discussed with
      particular reference to ELISA and other antigen capture methods. The problems
      that arise in susceptibility testing of isolates are raised, and a usable
      procedure is proposed both for minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal
      bacteriocidal concentration determination. A general procedure for the laboratory
      diagnosis of mycoplasmal infection that is adaptable to various laboratory
      circumstances and needs is proposed.

PMID- 6439678
TI  - Immunization against Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: a review.
AB  - There have been three basic approaches to vaccine development: inactivated, live
      attenuated, and purified cell component vaccines. With rare exception,
      inactivated vaccines have proved disappointing. Because men and animals
      recovering from naturally occurring diseases are resistant to rechallenge, the
      effectiveness of live vaccines was thought promising. However, the only live
      mycoplasma vaccine effective under field trial conditions is that prepared from
      Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides for prevention of bovine pleuropneumonia.
      Because of this, investigators have searched for the active, protective antigens
      (immunogens) responsible for exciting the optimal immune parameters responsible
      for protection. Generally, the toxic and virulent components of the pathogen are
      the protective antigens, because the host must defend itself against these
      noxious, tissue-damaging components. The major virulence factors of M. pneumoniae
      are probably the attachment, ciliotoxic, mitogenic and possibly protease
      components. Preventing attachment may prevent disease; preventing tissue damage
      may reduce severity of disease. Although the metabolism inhibition antibodies
      inhibit growth, are opsonic and mycoplasmacidal, they are probably not involved
      in protection, but rather in resolution of disease. A protein extract containing
      attachment, ciliotoxic, mitogenic and peptidase activity was shown to protect
      hamsters from challenge with virulent M. pneumoniae when given first i.p. and
      then intratracheally. Because mycoplasma disease suppresses T-helper cells and
      causes nonspecific activation of B cells, future vaccines must be free of such
      activity. They must protect without stimulating untoward reactions or adverse
      immunologic responses.

PMID- 6439679
TI  - In vitro models for host-parasite interactions involving mycoplasmas.
AB  - Model systems for the study of mycoplasma infections are available with various
      degrees of complexity. They offer the advantages of simplicity and control of
      environmental variables. More significantly, they have a homogeneity of cell
      type, which is necessary when analyzing the biochemical factors in pathogenicity.
      Cell cultures of fibroblasts are especially useful in studies of receptor sites.
      Human lung fibroblasts in monolayer format contain a sialoglycoprotein to which
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae attaches. Fibroblast membranes are extracted with lithium
      diiodosalicylate or Triton X-100 to provide a fraction rich in glycoprotein.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed less than eight proteins, with the
      majority of the carbohydrate in a single zone. Autoradiography of gels from
      fibroblasts grown in radiolabeled medium revealed that this zone also had high
      concentrations of glucosamine. Detergent extracts competitively inhibited the
      attachment of M. pneumoniae to fibroblasts. Cultures of fibroblasts also have
      been used to show that M. pneumoniae disrupts de novo purine synthesis within
      hours after infection. Monolayers of ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
      displayed an even distribution of receptor sites over the cell membrane. Intact
      trachea perfusion cultures were used to establish the pattern of pathogen
      distribution in upper airways. These in vitro approaches provide valuable insight
      into the process of mycoplasma attachment and the subsequent metabolic
      alterations that cause cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6439680
TI  - Cell culture models as ancillary tools in the isolation and characterization of
      mycoplasmas.
AB  - Since the late 1960s, there have been an increasing number of reports describing
      the isolation and identification of fastidious strains of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in
      cell cultures but not in conventional mycoplasma media, i.e., agar and broth. The
      application of those techniques normally used in studying viruses, i.e.,
      infection of cell cultures coupled with the subsequent use of immunological and
      biological test procedures, has provided a reliable alternative procedure for M.
      hyorhinis detection. Major isolation surveys have revealed that as many as 60 to
      80% of M. hyorhinis isolates from contaminated tissue cultures failed to grow in
      agar medium. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms involved in failure of the cell
      culture-derived M. hyorhinis strain to grow in standard cell-free mycoplasma
      media are ongoing. Initial data indicated that extracts prepared from tissue
      cultures (BHK 21) and incorporated in Macpherson's broth and agar medium would
      permit growth of fastidious strains. Moreover, it appears that these strains are
      particularly sensitive to inhibition by yeast products often found in mycoplasma
      media. While M. hyorhinis appears to be unique with respect to its sensitivity to
      medium components, these fastidious strains are isolated with such frequency that
      the routine use of an indicator cell system is strongly recommended.

PMID- 6439681
TI  - Serological analysis of ureaplasmas isolated from various animals.
AB  - Ureaplasmas from various animal species were serologically characterized by the
      growth inhibition test as well as by the metabolism inhibition test. The animals
      positive for ureaplasmas included 9 common squirrel monkeys, 9 green monkeys, 164
      cynomolgus monkeys, 58 chimpanzees, 73 goats, 11 sheep, 102 dogs, 116 cats, 64
      cattle, 290 chickens, 3 red jungle fowls and 5 Japanese bantams. Simian
      ureaplasmas were divided into four serogroups in accordance with the zoological
      classification of the primates' families. Caprine ureaplasmas were all similar
      antigenically, and ovine ureaplasmas cross-reacted with the caprine ones, except
      for one strain. Canine, feline and bovine ureaplasmas were divided into groups of
      four, two and three, respectively. Avian ureaplasmas contained only one
      serogroup. All these ureaplasma serogroups were remarkably unrelated
      antigenically to each other, as shown by the growth inhibition test. Ureaplasmas
      could not be isolated from rhesus monkeys, Japanese monkeys, orangutans,
      gorillas, mice, rats, mongolian gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits,
      opossums, pigs, quails and turkeys.

PMID- 6439682
TI  - Serological comparison of virulent and avirulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - An avirulent strain (M129-B175) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is morphologically
      indistinguishable from its virulent parent strain (M129-B7). Functionally, the
      avirulent strain has lost its ability to attach to respiratory epithelium and
      does not produce pneumonia in hamsters. Biochemical analyses by one- or two
      dimensional SDS-gel electrophoresis have so far failed to produce evidence that
      could account for the changes in the avirulent strain. It is possible that
      proteins of the avirulent strain have been altered by spontaneous mutations to
      nonfunctional states, events which would not necessarily alter their physical
      properties, i.e., molecular weight. To examine this possibility, Western blots
      prepared from proteins of the avirulent strain, separated on SDS-gels, were
      exposed to a collection of monoclonal antibodies to the virulent strain.
      Immunoradioautographs showed that two protein bands of the avirulent strain lost
      their reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies, although overall protein profiles
      were identical. This preliminary observation suggests that spontaneous mutations
      that lead to structural changes in protein molecules occurred during the
      derivation of the avirulent strain.

PMID- 6439683
TI  - Effect of monoclonal antibodies to the attachment-tip on experimental Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae infection of hamsters. A preliminary report.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae, an important human pathogen, is an extra-cellular
      parasite, colonizing mucosal surfaces. Attachment to epithelial cells of the host
      is therefore an important mechanism of pathogenicity, and inhibition of adhesion
      might protect the host. M. pneumoniae predominantly adheres with a special
      organelle, the attachment-tip, to host cells. In vitro studies confirmed the
      observation that monoclonal antibodies (MOAB) to the tip inhibited adherence to
      erythrocytes. In animal experiments, high numbers of virulent M. pneumoniae
      exposed for 4 h at 37 C to MOAB and kept in suspension with MOAB 1:100 were
      inoculated intranasally into hamsters. A significant reduction in the lung lesion
      score, but not in the numbers of organisms in lung tissue or wash fluid of the
      upper respiratory tract, was seen in hamsters 14 days after inoculation of MOAB
      treated organisms, as compared with controls. These observations, although
      preliminary, may have implications for the understanding of pathogenesis and for
      vaccine development.

PMID- 6439684
TI  - Selective effect of different retinoids on the primary antibody response in
      normal chickens.
AB  - The effect of three retinoids--retinoic acid, etretinate and
      trimethylmethoxyphenyl(TMMP)-retinoic acid--was studied on mitogen-induced
      lymphocyte transformation and on primary antibody response against Brucella
      abortus and bovine serum albumin (BSA). None of the drugs had an effect on
      lymphocyte transformation. Antibodies of IgG and IgM class were measured with a
      modified enzyme immunoassay, able to estimate separately the amounts of high
      avidity and total specific antibodies. No effect was seen on antibodies against
      B.abortus, a T-independent antigen, but was observed on antibodies against BSA, a
      T-dependent antigen. Retinoic acid increased primarily IgM anti-BSA antibodies,
      while TMMP-retinoic acid increased high avidity IgG anti-BSA antibodies.
      Etretinate had no influence on antibody production. Retinoic acid and TMMP
      retinoic acid are able to modulate T-dependent humoral immune response. This
      selective effect of retinoic acid and TMMP-retinoic acid on T-cells makes them
      promising tools in the regulation of humoral immune response.

PMID- 6439685
TI  - Older women and mental health.

PMID- 6439686
TI  - On removing food and water: against the stream.

PMID- 6439687
TI  - Artificial feeding: laying to rest some misconceptions.

PMID- 6439688
TI  - Setting boundaries for artificial feeding.

PMID- 6439689
TI  - Health promotion in long-term care: a contradiction in terms?
AB  - While health promotion potentially could play a significant role in improving the
      health and quality of life of nursing home residents, several major changes must
      take place if this concept is to hold relevance for the elderly in the long-term
      care environment. First, interpretations of the concept of health promotion must
      be broadened to include a focus on macro- as well as micro-level change and on a
      diversity of target groups including, importantly, policy makers and providers.
      Second, the "youth bias" inherent in many conventional health promotion efforts
      must be overcome, so that goals such as decreasing functional dependence in the
      frail elderly are seen as legitimate and appropriate health promotion foci.
      Third, viable alternative to nursing home placements must be developed and
      adequately funded for the many frail elders who would be better served in less
      intense care environments. And fourth, the dependency producing nature of
      institutional long-term care must undergo major changes compatible with the goals
      of promoting individual autonomy and enhancing quality of life. Nutrition, drug
      use and misuse, mental health, and staff training and retention are four areas
      examined in a closer look at specific changes needed to create nursing homes
      amenable to health promotion. Such changes on the institutional level, coupled
      with a strong national commitment to nursing home reform, are in keeping with
      Green et al.'s broad definition of health promotion as encompassing a variety of
      interventions on multiple levels designed to facilitate behavioral changes
      conducive to health. It is within this larger context that health promotion is
      seen as holding considerable promise for improving the health and quality of life
      of the institutionalized elderly.

PMID- 6439690
TI  - Improved survival in carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1980, we treated 107 previously untreated patients with biopsy
      proven carcinoma of the nasopharynx by megavoltage external radiation therapy to
      the primary site, base of the skull, and both sides of the neck. Eighty-seven
      percent of the patients had stage IV disease (American Joint Committee 1980), 53%
      had T4 primaries, and 73% had palpable cervical metastases. The histology was
      anaplastic or poorly differentiated carcinoma in 81%. The observed 5-year
      survival rate was 35% for the patients treated between 1970 and 1976, and
      increased to 72% for those treated between 1977 and 1980 (P less than 0.01). The
      two patient populations were similar except that the dose of irradiation (median
      and modal) to the primary site was 6,000 rad during 1970-1976 and 7,000 rad
      during 1977-1980. The survival rate was not significantly influenced by age, sex,
      birthplace, histology, or stage. These data suggest that a relatively high cure
      rate might be possible in carcinoma of the nasopharynx, even though most patients
      present with locally advanced disease. The patterns of relapse are discussed.

PMID- 6439691
TI  - Viral hepatitis: update on prevention.

PMID- 6439692
TI  - A case of IgE myeloma: methodology and review of the literature.

PMID- 6439693
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition with the '3-litre bag': effect of fat emulsion on
      amino acid kinetics and nitrogen balance in patients with intestinal fistulae.
AB  - Three metabolically stable patients, receiving total parenteral nutrition as part
      of their management for post-surgical intestinal fistulae, were studied over a 16
      d period in order to assess the effect of two different energy sources on protein
      metabolism. Nutrient intake was kept constant throughout except for the energy
      source: for half the time the patients received glucose alone, for the other half
      glucose plus fat emulsion (3:1 mixture). Amino acid metabolism, as indicated by
      rates of leucine turnover, was measured by constant infusion of [1-14C]-leucine
      for 24 h at the end of each of two 8-d periods. The rates of protein synthesis in
      the three patients (means of two measurements) were 5.15, 2.45 and 3.8 g/kg/d. No
      significant difference in nitrogen balance, plasma amino acid concentrations or
      amino acid kinetic rates could be detected whether energy was supplied as glucose
      alone or glucose plus fat. The extra expense of supplying energy as fat does not
      seem justified when total parenteral nutrition is given to stable patients for
      periods of up to 8 d.

PMID- 6439695
TI  - Change in functional phenotype of cloned human alloreactive cytolytic T cells.
AB  - Alloreactive T cell clones primed in vivo were tested for the expression of T
      cell differentiation antigens CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD8. Each of 29 different clones
      were found to express CD2 and CD3, but were variable in their expression of CD4
      (7 positive clones) and CD8 (15 positive clones). Six clones were positive for
      both CD4 and CD8. One of the 29 clones expressed neither CD4 or CD8. Over a
      period of 12-18 weeks of culture, these clones began to lose their alloreactivity
      but acquired NK-like activity. By changing the concentration of TCGF, the "allo"
      and "NK-like" lytic activities could be modulated. After 18 weeks of culture,
      these clones lost their alloreactive specificity, but not their NK activity. The
      expression of surface markers was unchanged. CD2 and CD3 molecules were
      determined to play a role in both the alloreactive and NK activity of these
      clones.

PMID- 6439694
TI  - A quantitative cytochemical assay of beta-galactosidase in single cultured human
      skin fibroblasts.
AB  - A quantitative cytochemical method for the measurement of beta-galactosidase
      activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts has been developed using 5-bromo-4
      chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside as the indigogenic substrate. The
      method relies upon the oxidation of the primary reaction product by
      ferro/ferricyanide during which an insoluble indigo dye is generated as the final
      reaction product. The reaction was linear with time up to 60 min using the final
      cytochemical standard procedure. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 4.0 to
      4.1. The concentration optima of indigogenic substrate and potassium
      ferro/ferricyanide were 3.67 mM and 3.13 mM respectively. The presence of sodium
      chloride activated beta-galactosidase up to 100 mM, but was inhibitory above that
      concentration. The enzyme was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine and heparin. The enzyme molecules were shown to diffuse out of the
      cells using media without a suitable inert colloid stabilizer. However, diffusion
      was completely prevented by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grade G18/140. Air
      drying of cells was essential to make the cell membrane permeabel to the
      substrate and, thereby, to avoid a pronounced lag phase. However, in a
      biochemical analysis, air-drying itself caused a decrease in enzyme activity to
      43% of the control. Even after air-drying lysosomal latency could still be
      demonstrated by using PVA grade G04/140. Control persons, one carrier of and two
      patients with beta-galactosidase deficiency were easily identified as belonging
      to three separate groups by using the cytochemical assay. It is proposed that the
      quantitative cytochemical approach may also be applied to cultured human amniotic
      fluid cells or chorion biopsies giving a rapid prenatal diagnosis of beta
      galactosidase deficiency due to the small number of cells needed in the analysis.

PMID- 6439696
TI  - Antigen-induced production of lymphokines by human T cell clones specific for
      hepatitis B surface antigen.
AB  - The secretion of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), and B cell
      growth factor (BCGF) by human T cell clones specific for hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg) was examined. Antigenic stimulation by HBsAg but not by influenza
      A virus resulted in IFN-gamma and BCGF synthesis by the T cell clones. No
      detectable amounts of IL-2 were obtained in the supernatants of any of the HBsAg
      specific T cell clones when cultured in the presence or absence of antigen. IFN
      gamma and BCGF were produced, even when cell proliferation was inhibited,
      suggesting that the secretion of these T cell factors occurred regardless of cell
      proliferation. The significance of the various factors in the immune response
      against hepatitis B virus infection is discussed.

PMID- 6439697
TI  - Lung corrections in photon beam treatment planning: are we ready?
AB  - This paper reviews reasons cited for and against the use of lung corrections. It
      is suggested that all the reasons cited for not making corrections are no longer
      viable. A phantom has been designed to simulate the thorax region of a patient at
      both CT and radiotherapy radiation energies. With this phantom, lung correction
      factors for the calculation of tumor dose have been measured for a typical lung
      cancer treatment regimen, and these results are shown to compare favorably with
      correction factors computed by all the commonly employed correction algorithms.
      Some algorithms are better than others, and one of the best is the readily hand
      calculable generalized power-law TAR method. It is shown that failure to correct
      for lung transmission can severely limit the integrity of many interinstitutional
      studies, especially cooperative clinical trials. It is concluded that lung
      corrections for the calculation of tumor doses in the thorax region should be
      gradually introduced over the next several years.

PMID- 6439698
TI  - Radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma.
AB  - We reviewed the radiation therapy treatment experience for localized prostate
      carcinoma at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy from 1968-1978 (N = 229
      patients, median follow-up of 5 years). Actuarial 5 (and 8) year survival rates
      for clinical Stage A (N = 25), B (N = 85), and C (N = 88) disease were 96% (82),
      77% (63), and 61% (38). The corresponding 5 (and 8) year relapse-free survivals
      were 84% (67), 68% (61), and 53% (36). Actuarial rates of clinical local failure
      at 5 (and 8) years were 0%, (0), 12% (20), and 15% (30) for Stage A, B, and C
      respectively. There was a suggestion of a decrease in the force of local and
      overall recurrence after 8 years, although further follow-up will be necessary
      for confirmation. Among 42 patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy followed
      by irradiation, lymph node status appeared to be a strong predictor of distant
      failure (9% (3/32) failures for node (-) patients compared to 70% (7/10) for node
      (+) patients). Twenty-nine patients received radiotherapy after radical
      prostatectomy for clinically palpable (Stage B and C) tumor. Only one of 16
      patients treated post-operatively because of microscopic or gross residual
      disease has developed recurrence. By contrast, only 2 of 13 patients irradiated
      because of clinical local tumor recurrence remain alive and free of disease. We
      conclude that radiation therapy can provide effective long-term local control of
      prostate carcinoma, but that the ultimate radiocurability of the disease is not
      yet known.

PMID- 6439699
TI  - Mixed beam radiation therapy for unresectable squamous cell carcinomas of the
      head and neck: the results of a randomized RTOG study.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty-two patients with inoperable squamous cell carcinomas of
      the head and neck were entered on a randomized study comparing "mixed beam"
      radiation therapy with photon radiation therapy. Patients with histologically
      proven tumors of T-stage T2, T3, or T4 and any N-stage originating in the oral
      cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx, or hypopharynx were eligible. One
      hundred forty-five patients were randomized to photon treatment and 177 were
      randomized to mixed beam treatment. No significant differences could be
      demonstrated between the experimental and control groups for primary tumor
      control or overall survival, although there was an advantage for mixed beam
      treatment over photon treatment for patients with metastatic cervical adenopathy
      (69 vs. 55% complete response rate in the nodes, p = .024). It is concluded that
      mixed beam radiation therapy does not offer a significant advantage over photon
      radiation therapy for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head
      and neck.

PMID- 6439700
TI  - Fast neutron radiation therapy for unresectable squamous cell carcinomas of the
      head and neck: the results of a randomized RTOG study.
AB  - Forty patients with advanced, unresectable squamous cell carcinomas of the head
      and neck were entered on a prospective, randomized study comparing fast neutron
      radiation therapy with conventional photon radiation therapy. Twenty-six patients
      were randomized to neutrons, and 14 patients were randomized to photons. The
      randomization was purposefully unbalanced in favor of the experimental treatment.
      The complete response rate for the neutron-treated group of patients was 52%. The
      complete response rate for the photon-treated group of patients was 17%. The
      difference is statistically significant at the p = .04 level. The two-year
      survival rates for the neutron-treated group and the photon-treated group were 25
      and 0%, respectively. The major complication rates were not statistically
      significantly different for the two groups (18% for neutrons, and 33% for
      photons).

PMID- 6439701
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated with radical
      irradiation: analysis of treatment parameters and results.
AB  - Eighty-one patients were treated with radical radiation therapy, with or without
      immediate neck dissection(s), for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic
      larynx from October 1964 through May 1981. There is a 2-year minimum follow-up on
      all patients; 75/81 (93%) have a minimum 3-year follow-up, and 58/81 (72%) have
      at least a 5-year follow-up. Patients were staged according to the 1983 AJCC
      staging system. Patients were excluded from the local control analysis if they
      died less than 2 years from treatment with the primary site controlled. The
      initial local control rates and ultimate local control rates after surgical
      salvage of irradiation failures were as follows: T1, 11/12 (92%) and 12/12
      (100%); T2, 20/26 (77%) and 23/26 (88%); T3, 9/14 (64%) and 11/14 (79%); and T4,
      2/11 (18%) and 5/11 (45%). The incidence of severe complications was 3/81 (3.7%).
      The 5-year absolute and determinate survival rates by AJCC stage were as follows:
      I, 6/12 (50%) and 6/6 (100%); II, 5/6 (83%) and 5/5 (100%); III, 4/8 (50%) and
      4/5 (80%); and IV, 6/32 (19%) and 6/26 (23%).

PMID- 6439702
TI  - The role of radiation therapy in carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts.
AB  - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts is uncommon, and the primary management
      has been largely surgical. Radiotherapy for this disease has received minimal
      attention, although recent innovations have prompted increased interest. We
      report a retrospective review of 34 patients treated with radiotherapy between
      1967 and 1982. The five-year survival rate was 6%, and the median survival was 11
      months. Patient characteristics, treatment techniques, and outcome for the entire
      group, as well as selected subgroups are discussed. Two patients treated by
      interventional radiographic techniques, external irradiation, and transcatheter
      intracavitary brachytherapy are presented in detail. The current surgical,
      radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic literature is reviewed.

PMID- 6439703
TI  - Circulation and acid-base balance in exercising goats at different body
      temperatures.
AB  - Thirty experiments were performed in two goats at an air temperature of +35
      degrees C and a relative humidity of 33%. By means of heat exchangers, body core
      temperature (Tpaor) was adjusted to 39, 40.5, or 42 degrees C and maintained at
      these levels for 120 min. During the last 60 min the animals worked at a rate of
      1.2 W/kg (treadmill, 3 km/h, 15%). Blood gases (arteriovenous O2 difference, Po2,
      Pco2), hemoglobin (Hb), blood lactate (LA), cardiac output (CO), blood pressure
      (MAP), heart rate (HR), metabolic rate (M), and respiratory evaporative heat loss
      (REHL) were determined. M, CO, HR, and Hb increased with exercise and were
      independent of Tpaor. At rest and exercise, REHL increased and Pco2 decreased at
      higher levels of Tpaor resulting in a respiratory alkalosis. During exercise this
      was accompanied by an increase in LA. At all instants, the concentrations of LA
      were higher at higher Tpaor. It is concluded that in a virtually nonsweating
      species like the goat the overall stress on the circulatory system caused by
      hyperthermia during exercise is relatively small while the behavior of blood LA
      is indicative of a temperature-dependent accumulation of LA also in the
      exercising muscle.

PMID- 6439704
TI  - Alveolar gas exchange during exercise: a single-breath analysis.
AB  - Changes in expired alveolar O2 and CO2 were measured breath-by-breath in six
      healthy male subjects (mean age 30 yr, mean weight 80 kg) at rest, 600 kpm/min,
      and 1,200 kpm/min. Changes were expressed in relation to expired volume (liters)
      and time (s) and separated into an initial dead-space component using the Fowler
      method applied to expired CO2 and O2, and alveolar slope. The alveolar slopes
      with respect to time (dPACO2, dPAO2, Torr/s) increased in relation to CO2 output
      (VCO2, 1/min, STPD) and O2 intake (VO2, 1/min, STPD) but were reduced by
      increasing tidal volume (VT, liters, BTPS): dPACO2 = 2.7 + 4.6(VCO2) - 1.9(VT) (r
      = 0.97); and dPAO2 = 2.3 + 5.5(VO2) - 1.9(VT) (r = 0.96). From the alveolar
      slopes, tidal volume, and airway dead-space volume, mean expired alveolar PO2 and
      PCO2 (PAO2, PACO2) were calculated. There was no change in arterialized capillary
      PCO2 (PaCO2) between rest (38.9 +/- 0.66 Torr) and heavy exercise (38.2 +/- 2.18
      Torr), but mean PACO2 rose from 36.7 +/- 0.55 to 40.8 +/- 1.67 Torr during heavy
      exercise. There was no change in arterialized capillary (mean = 84.3 +/- 0.7
      Torr) or alveolar (mean = 107.2 +/- 1.03 Torr) PO2. Exercise increases the
      fluctuations in alveolar gas composition leading to discrepancies between the
      PCO2 in mean alveolar gas and arterial blood to an extent that is dependent on
      VCO2 and VT.

PMID- 6439705
TI  - Response to hypercapnia and exercise hyperpnea in graded anesthesia.
AB  - We examined the relationship between response to hypercapnia and ventilatory
      response to exercise under graded anesthesia in eight dogs. The response to
      hypercapnia was measured by the CO2 rebreathing method under three grades of
      chloralose-urethan anesthesia. The degrees of response to hypercapnia (delta
      VE/delta PETCO2, 1 X min-1 X Torr-1) in light (L), moderate (M), and deep (D)
      anesthesia were 0.40 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE), 0.24 +/- 0.03, and 0.10 +/- 0.02,
      respectively, and were significantly different from each other. Under each grade
      of anesthesia, exercise was performed by electrically stimulating the bilateral
      femoral and sciatic nerves for 4 min. The time to reach 63% of full response of
      the increase in ventilation (tauVE) after beginning of exercise was 28.3 +/- 1.5,
      38.1 +/- 5.2, and 56.0 +/- 6.1 s in L, M, and D, respectively. During steady
      state exercise, minute ventilation (VE) in L, M, and D significantly increased to
      6.17 +/- 0.39, 5.14 +/- 0.30, and 3.41 +/- 0.16 1 X min-1, from resting values of
      3.93 +/- 0.34, 2.97 +/- 0.17, and 1.69 +/- 0.14 1 X min-1, respectively, while
      end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) in L decreased significantly to 34.8 +/- 0.9 from
      35.7 +/- 0.9, did not change in M (38.9 +/- 1.1 from 38.9 +/- 0.8), and increased
      significantly in D to 47.3 +/- 1.9 from 45.1 +/- 1.7 Torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439706
TI  - Nonuniform brain blood flow response to hypoxia in unanesthetized cats.
AB  - In seven unanesthetized cats, radiolabeled microspheres were used to determine
      regional brain blood flow (rBBF) to the medulla-pons (M-P), midbrain-thalamus (M
      T), cerebellum (Cb), and cortex (Cx) during three conditions: 1) control
      [arterial O2 tension (PaO2) = 81 Torr, arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) = 26 Torr];
      2) hypocapnic hypoxia (PaO2 = 39 Torr, PaCO2 = 22 Torr); and 3) isocapnic hypoxia
      (PaO2 = 47 Torr, PaCO2 = 26 Torr). Hypoxia increased blood flow significantly
      more in the caudal brain stem (M-P) than in the Cx (P less than 0.05) during both
      hypocapnic hypoxia (M-P/Cx: +33/ +17 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1) and isocapnic hypoxia
      (M-P/Cx: +13/ -2 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1). Since sympathetic innervation is greater
      anatomically to rostral than to caudal vessels, we examined the rBBF response to
      hypocapnic hypoxia in seven additional cats after unilateral superior cervical
      gangliectomy. All seven cats had a reduction in the cortical-to-caudal brain stem
      trend on the denervated side of the brain (M-P/Cx: +27/+28 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1)
      compared with the intact side of the brain (M-P/Cx: +34/+24 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1)
      owing to both increases in Cx and decreases in M-P flows. We conclude that in
      unanesthetized cats hypoxia causes a greater increase in the caudal brain stem
      compared with cortical blood flow, and this differential response is related to
      modulation by the sympathetic nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439707
TI  - Modulation of pulmonary stretch receptors and airway resistance by
      parasympathetic efferents.
AB  - Recording from pulmonary stretch receptors in the intact cervical vagus nerve
      revealed a novel interaction between stretch receptors and smooth muscle in the
      lungs of anesthetized paralyzed cats. Firing rates of pulmonary stretch receptors
      were modulated in step with the inflation-deflation cycle of the mechanical
      respirator, as expected. Firing rates of most slowly adapting receptors, but not
      rapidly adapting receptors, were also strongly modulated in step with the phrenic
      nerve activity even when the respirator was turned off and the cat motionless.
      The modulation of some receptors' firing rates by the inspiratory motor output
      was as great as the change in firing-rate in response to a lung inflation of 20
      ml of air (one tidal volume). Atropine blocked the inspiratory-related modulation
      of slowly adapting/receptor firing rates; it did not block the inflation-related
      modulation. Pulmonary resistance was modulated in step with the inspiratory
      activity on the phrenic nerve. Hyperventilation to neural apnea (no phrenic nerve
      activity) reduced pulmonary resistance to its lowest level, a level equal to that
      produced by an injection of isoproterenol or atropine. Hypoxia during hypocapnic
      apnea caused bursts of inspiratory activity on the phrenic nerve accompanied by
      one-to-one increases in airway resistance. We conclude that the intrathoracic
      airway smooth muscle contracts with each neural inspiration, that the modulation
      of the pulmonary stretch receptors is due to a mechanical interaction with the
      intrathoracic airway smooth muscle, and that through the mechanical link with
      airway smooth muscle, stretch receptor sensitivity depends on inspiratory output,
      a closed loop.

PMID- 6439708
TI  - Independence of exercise hypocapnia and limb movement frequency in ponies.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in limb motion per
      se influence arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) during muscular exercise in
      ponies. Fifteen ponies were studied at rest and during 8 min of treadmill
      exercise when the work load was constant or when the work load was increased
      after the 4th min. Five different treadmill settings were selected to provide for
      a range of metabolic rate achieved with primary changes in either speed or grade
      (1.8 mph at 3, 8, and 15% grade; or 3 and 6 mph at 3% grade). The ponies
      exercised either on all four legs or on only the hindlegs. Step frequencies were
      49, 66, and 99 at 1.8, 3, and 6 mph, respectively. During all work tasks PaCO2
      decreased maximally 30-60 s after the work task was initiated from rest or from a
      less intense level of exercise. This nadir in PaCO2 was followed by some recovery
      with a stable level of mild hypocapnia (delta PaCO2) maintained after 3-4 min.
      The delta PaCO2 was directly related to O2 consumption (VO2) (P less than 0.01).
      The delta PaCO2-VO2 regression slopes did not differ between speed and grade VO2
      changes nor between four- and two-legged exercise (P greater than 0.10). These
      data suggest that neither frequency of limb movement nor the number of limbs
      moving are major factors in the PaCO2 (and alveolar ventilation) response to
      exercise in ponies. We conclude that the apparent difference in PaCO2 regulation
      during exercise between ponies (hypocapnia) and humans (isocapnia during walking
      and bicycling) is not related to a species difference in the number of limbs
      employed in the exercise task.

PMID- 6439709
TI  - Changes in the VI-VCO2 relationship during exercise in goats: role of carotid
      bodies.
AB  - To assess the role of carotid bodies in modulating the ventilation-CO2 production
      relationship, steady-state responses to mild exercise were determined in goats
      following several experimental manipulations that led to chronic changes in
      resting ventilation and arterial blood gases. The experimental conditions were 1)
      control, 2) whole body serotonin depletion (induced by p-chlorophenylalanine, 100
      mg/kg), 3) carotid body denervation (CBX), and 4) serotonin depletion with CBX.
      Resting values of arterial CO2 pressure (Pco2) ranged from 32 to 48 Torr. In each
      condition, arterial Pco2 was regulated to a similar degree in exercise due to
      changes in the slope of the ventilation-CO2 production relationship (delta
      Vi/delta Vco2) in accordance with the requirements of gas exchange. delta
      Vi/delta Vco2 increased with serotonin depletion both before and after CBX. The
      principal component of ventilation contributing to changes in delta Vi/delta Vco2
      was tidal volume. These results suggest a basic property of the ventilatory
      control system whereby enhanced ventilatory activity at rest is associated with
      an increased ventilatory response to exercise via a mechanism that does not
      require peripheral chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6439710
TI  - Therapeutic failures with antimicrobial drug treatment.

PMID- 6439711
TI  - Amebiasis in a neotropical toad.

PMID- 6439712
TI  - Structure-activity relationships on the terminal D-amino acid moiety of a novel
      cephamycin MT-141.
AB  - The effect of chemical modification of the D-amino acid function, which
      represents the C-7 beta substituent of cephamycin MT-141 on in vitro
      antibacterial activity was examined. MT-141 was more active on Gram-negative
      organisms than Gram-positive ones. It showed strong bacteriolytic activity on
      Gram-negative organisms. Lysis of Escherichia coli K-12 strain JE1011 treated
      with a low concentration of this antibiotic was preceded by frequent formation of
      multiple bulges from the cells. Amidation or decarboxylation, removing the acidic
      function from the D-amino acid of MT-141, resulted in an increase in activity
      against Gram-positive bacteria, and a decrease against Gram-negative ones. Cells
      treated with the amide or the decarboxylate did not form multiple bulges but
      formed single bulges. N-Acetylation of the D-amino acid moiety removing the basic
      function, caused a marked drop in activity against both Gram-positive and Gram
      negative bacteria. The bacteriolytic activity on E. coli was reduced, and cells
      treated with the N-acetate became filamentous. Conversion of the D-amino acid
      function of MT-141 to the L configuration caused a moderate drop in activity
      against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Both bacteriolytic and
      bactericidal activities against E. coli were reduced in the L-congener.
      Cefoxitin, cefmetazole and latamoxef used as reference antibiotics were less
      active than MT-141 in the bactericidal activity against E. coli, and induced
      single bulge formation or filamentation of the cells around MIC levels. Cell
      surface permeability, stability to beta-lactamases, and binding affinity to PBPs
      of E. coli did not differ between MT-141 and its derivatives.

PMID- 6439713
TI  - Reducing noncompliance to follow-up appointment keeping at a family practice
      center.
AB  - In this study, we evaluated follow-up appointment keeping at a family practice
      center. To determine if noncompliance could be reduced, four treatments were
      implemented: no-treatment control, modified appointment card, free follow-up, and
      a reduced rate follow-up. Thereafter, the reduced rate follow-up was implemented
      again to determine the extent noncompliance could be reduced for all eligible
      patients. Incentives significantly increased follow-up appointment keeping,
      whereas the modified appointment card was ineffective. A cost analysis suggested
      that the no-treatment control and modified appointment card conditions were the
      least expensive, but also the least effective. The incentive conditions were more
      expensive, but the reduced rate condition generated the most net revenue.
      Questionnaire data suggested that the incentive conditions had an effect on
      noncompliance and may be considered for use in other medical settings.

PMID- 6439714
TI  - Increasing the immunization of preschool children; an evaluation of applied
      community interventions.
AB  - We evaluated the relative impact of four procedures designed to encourage parents
      to obtain immunizations for their children. In a public health setting, the
      families of 1,133 immunization-deficient preschool children were randomly
      assigned to six conditions: (a) a general prompt; (b) a more client-specific
      prompt; (c) a specific prompt and increased public health clinic access; (d) a
      specific prompt and monetary incentives; (e) contact control; and (f) no contact
      control. All interventions, except the general prompt, produced some evidence of
      improvement when compared with the control groups. The monetary incentive group
      revealed the largest effect, followed by the increased access group, specific
      prompt group, and general prompt group, respectively. The data suggest that
      relatively powerful and immediate effects on preschoolers' clinic attendance for
      immunization may be produced by monetary incentives in conjunction with client
      specific prompts. However, client-specific prompts alone appear to be the most
      cost-effective of the interventions.

PMID- 6439715
TI  - Identification and conformational changes of the intestinal proline carrier.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to selectively label the rabbit
      intestinal brush-border imino carrier, identify the binding protein on SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and monitor the effect of ions on fluorescein
      quenching. FITC inhibits Na+-dependent L-proline transport irreversibly, but
      transport is protected by physiological concentrations of Na+ and L-proline.
      About 1 nmol of FITC/mg of protein binds specifically to the transporter, which
      was identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a 100 +/- 5-kDa
      peptide. Na+ produced a specific, saturable quench in the fluorescence of FITC
      bound to the proline carrier. Both transport and FITC quenching are inhibited by
      n-acetylimidazole, and membranes are protected from acetylation by Na+. We
      conclude that Na+ binds to the proline carrier (100-kDa peptide) to produce a
      change in conformation that results in an increase in the affinity of the carrier
      for proline.

PMID- 6439716
TI  - Complex I binds several mitochondrial NAD-coupled dehydrogenases.
AB  - NADH:ubiquinone reductase (complex I) of the mitochondrial inner membrane
      respiratory chain binds a number of mitochondrial matrix NAD-linked
      dehydrogenases. These include pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, and beta-hydroxyacyl
      CoA dehydrogenase. No binding was detected between complex I and cytosolic malate
      dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, lipoamide
      dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, or fumarase. The dehydrogenases that bound to
      complex I did not bind to a preparation of complex II and III, nor did they bind
      to liposomes. The binding of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, alpha-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex, and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase to complex I is a
      saturable process. Based upon the amount of binding observed in these in vitro
      studies, there is enough inner membrane present in the mitochondria to bind the
      dehydrogenases in the matrix space. The possible metabolic significance of these
      interactions is discussed.

PMID- 6439717
TI  - Branch specificity of bovine colostrum and calf thymus UDP-Gal: N
      acetylglucosaminide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase.
AB  - The branch specificity of bovine colostrum and calf thymus UDP-Gal:N
      acetylglucosaminide beta-1----4-galactosyltransferase toward several branched
      oligosaccharides, which form part of the complex-type N-glycans of glycoproteins,
      was investigated. A novel method was used based on acetolysis of the bi[14C,3H]
      galactosylated oligosaccharide products formed by the enzymes in vitro and
      analysis of the acetolysis fragments by high-pressure liquid chromatography. It
      could be established that the galactosylation of different oligosaccharide
      branches occurred in a preferred order. No difference in branch specificity was
      observed between the soluble bovine colostrum galactosyltransferase and the
      enzyme that had been solubilized from calf thymus membranes. A preferential
      pathway for the biosynthesis of bisialylated biantennary glycans is proposed.

PMID- 6439718
TI  - Probing the structure of 16 S ribosomal RNA from Bacillus brevis.
AB  - A majority (approximately 89%) of the nucleotide sequence of Bacillus brevis 16 S
      rRNA has been determined by a combination of RNA sequencing methods. Several
      experimental approaches have been used to probe its structure, including (a)
      partial RNase digestion of 30 S ribosomal subunits, followed by two-dimensional
      native/denatured gel electrophoresis, in which base-paired fragments were
      directly identified; (b) identification of positions susceptible to cleavage by
      RNase A and RNase T1 in 30 S subunits; (c) sites of attack by cobra venom RNase
      on naked 16 S rRNA; and (d) nucleotides susceptible to attack by bisulfite in 16
      S rRNA. These data are discussed with respect to a secondary structure model for
      B. brevis 16 S rRNA derived by comparative sequence analysis.

PMID- 6439719
TI  - Effects of guanyl nucleotides and rhodopsin on ADP-ribosylation of the inhibitory
      GTP-binding component of adenylate cyclase by pertussis toxin.
AB  - Hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase is mediated by a guanyl nucleotide
      binding protein, Gi, which is composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits (Gi
      alpha, G beta gamma). Pertussis toxin blocks hormonal inhibition by catalyzing
      the ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha. With purified Gi subunits, but without
      nucleotides, it was observed that toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha
      was negligible in the absence of G beta gamma; ATP, previously shown to increase
      ADP-ribosylation in membranes, enhanced the ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha in the
      absence, more than in the presence, of G beta gamma. Prior studies (Kanaho, Y.,
      Tsai, S.-C., Adamik, R., Hewlett, E.L., Moss, J., and Vaughan, M. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 7378-7381) had demonstrated that rhodopsin, the retinal photon
      receptor protein, can replace inhibitory hormone receptors, and stimulate the
      hydrolysis of GTP by Gi alpha in the presence of G beta gamma. Photolyzed
      rhodopsin, but not the inactive, dark protein, inhibited ADP-ribosylation of Gi
      alpha in the presence of G beta gamma. ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha, in the
      presence of G beta gamma and photolyzed (but not dark) rhodopsin was increased by
      guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) or GDP, but not by (beta, gamma
      methylene)guanosine triphosphate or guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate).
      Presumably, photolyzed rhodopsin and nucleoside triphosphate analogues activate
      Gi, whereas with dark rhodopsin and nucleoside diphosphates Gi is in the inactive
      state. The latter appears to be the preferred substrate for pertussis toxin.
      These observations are consistent with other evidence that rhodopsin and
      inhibitory hormone receptors are functionally similar.

PMID- 6439720
TI  - Relationship of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced spike and plateau phases in
      cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations to hormone secretion. Selective blockade using
      ionomycin and nifedipine.
AB  - In clonal rat pituitary cells (GH cells), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      induced a pattern of changes in cytosolic free calcium concentrations [( Ca2+]i)
      composed of two phases: an acute spike phase to micromolar levels which decayed
      (t1/2 = 8 s) to a near-basal concentration and then rose to a prolonged plateau
      phase of elevated [Ca2+]i (as measured using Quin 2). Closely following these
      changes in [Ca2+]i, TRH stimulated a rapid "spike phase" of pronounced, but
      brief, enhancement of the rate of prolactin and growth-hormone secretion and then
      a "plateau phase" of prolonged enhancement. These two phases were dissociated
      using two classes of pharmacologic agents: the ionophore ionomycin, and a calcium
      channel antagonist nifedipine. Ionomycin (100 nM) specifically blocked (less than
      90%) the spike phase of TRH action by rapidly emptying the TRH-regulated
      reservoir of cellular Ca2+ to generate a TRH-like spike in [Ca2+]i; nifedipine
      inhibited (less than 50%) the plateau phase of TRH-induced changes in [Ca2+]i and
      hormone secretion by preventing Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+
      channels. These agents demonstrated that the TRH-induced spike in [Ca2+]i in GH
      cells is caused by release of an ionomycin-sensitive pool of cellular Ca2+ with a
      small component (10%) due to influx of extracellular Ca2+. The TRH-induced
      plateau in [Ca2+]i is due to influx of extracellular Ca2+, about half of which
      enters through voltage-dependent calcium channels and half of which enters via
      nifedipine/verapamil-insensitive influx. The TRH-induced spike in [Ca2+]i led to
      a burst in hormone secretion, and the plateau in [Ca2+]i produced a prolonged
      enhancement of secretion; the spike and plateau phases were generated
      independently by TRH. A spike in [Ca2+]i is necessary, but not sufficient, to
      induce burst release of hormone, while the prolonged rate of hormone secretion is
      intimately related to the steady-state [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 6439721
TI  - Rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 2c. Identification as a male-specific,
      developmentally induced steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase and comparison to a female
      specific cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme.
AB  - Rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 2c, purified to homogeneity from
      uninduced, adult rat liver (Waxman, D.J., Ko, A., and Walsh, C. (1983) J. Biol.
      Chem. 258, 11937-11947), was shown to exhibit a unique NH2-terminal amino acid
      sequence as well as distinctive peptide maps and immunochemical properties when
      compared to seven other purified rat liver P-450 isoenzymes. P-450 2c was an
      efficient monooxygenase catalyst with several xenobiotic substrates; P-450 2c
      also catalyzed 16 alpha- and 2 alpha-hydroxylations of testosterone, androst-4
      ene-3,17-dione and progesterone (total turnover = 7-9 min-1 P-450(-1) at 25
      microM steroid substrate) with the ratio of 2 alpha to 16 alpha hydroxylation
      varying from less than or equal to 0.02 to 1.6 depending on the steroid's C-17
      substituent. Six different microsomal steroid hydroxylase activities
      characteristic of purified P-450 2c and sensitive to specific inhibition by anti
      P-450 2c antibody were induced at puberty in male but not female rat liver.
      Microsomal steroid hydroxylations catalyzed by other P-450 isoenzymes exhibited
      age and sex dependencies distinct from those of the P-450 2c-mediated activities.
      Immunochemical analyses confirmed that this sex dependence and developmental
      induction reflected alterations in P-450 2c polypeptide levels. Attempts to
      chromatographically detect P-450 2c in either immature male or adult female
      microsomes were unsuccessful and led to purification of P-450 2d (female), a
      catalytically distinct and female-specific form. Peptide mapping and
      immunochemical analyses suggested significant structural homologies between the
      two sex-specific isoenzymes, P-450 2c and P-450 2d (female). A significant
      suppression of P-450 2c levels (up to 70-80%) was observed upon administration of
      several classical P-450 inducers. These studies establish that P-450 2c
      corresponds to the male-specific and developmentally-induced steroid 16 alpha
      hydroxylase of rat liver and suggest that the expression of P-450 2c versus P-450
      2d (female) may provide a biochemical basis for the sex differences
      characteristic of rat liver xenobiotic metabolism.

PMID- 6439722
TI  - Purification and properties of the activating enzyme for iron protein of
      nitrogenase from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - The oxygen-labile, activating enzyme for iron protein from the photosynthetic
      bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, was purified 11,800-fold using a combination of
      chromatophore washing, DE52-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite
      chromatography, reactive red-120 cross-linked agarose chromatography, reactive
      red-120 cross-linked agarose chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration.
      Activating enzyme appeared homogeneous on silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels, and the staining intensity of the activating-enzyme band was
      correlated with the activating-enzyme activity observed in in vitro assays.
      Either formaldehyde fixation or higher acrylamide concentration was required to
      accurately assess the purity of activating enzyme on silver-stained gels.
      Activating enzyme was stable for 30 days at 4 degrees C. Dithiothreitol was a
      necessary component for the stability of partially purified activating enzyme.
      NaCl inhibited the coupled assay for activating enzyme. The pI of activating
      enzyme was determined to be 6.5. Activating enzyme is composed of a minimum of
      336 amino acids and a minimum calculated Mr is 32,032. The Mr of activating
      enzyme was estimated to be 21,700 by analytical gel filtration and 32,800 by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An absorption maximum
      at 280 nm was observed for the activating enzyme.

PMID- 6439723
TI  - A novel low-activity form of carbonic anhydrase I in erythrocytes of patients
      with primary aldosteronism. Evidence for the presence of a mixed disulfide with
      glutathione.
AB  - A low-activity form of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozyme I was found in
      patients with primary aldosteronism. The specific activity was very low, but the
      activity was restored by drug treatment as well as adrenalectomy. The enzyme was
      purified to homogeneity from one of the patients. With respect to its
      antigenicity and zinc content, the low-activity form was not distinguishable from
      the normal enzyme. On the other hand, the inhibition constant and binding
      affinity to acetazolamide of the low-activity enzyme were lower than those of
      normal enzyme. Sulfhydryl group titration, amino acid analysis, and peptide
      mapping analysis suggested that the low-activity enzyme contains a mixed
      disulfide with glutathione which is closely associated with its low activity.

PMID- 6439724
TI  - A phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II for advanced breast cancer.
      Two dose schedules.
AB  - Thirty-six (36) women with metastatic breast cancer refractory to conventional
      therapies were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. Two dose schedules
      were used sequentially. The first 15 patients received platinum at a dose of 15
      mg/m2 daily for 5 days at 28-day intervals. No response was noted in this group.
      Subsequently, 21 patients were treated with a dose of 100-120 mg/m2 at 28-day
      intervals, but with additional induced diuresis with saline, furosemide, and
      mannitol. Among 13 patients evaluable for response, 2 partial responses were
      observed.

PMID- 6439725
TI  - [Hepatic insufficiency and nutritional problems after major hepatobiliary
      surgery].
AB  - Problems raised by major hepatobiliary surgery affect the total economy of the
      human body. The liver is implicated in all body metabolism processes and possible
      problems during partial or total hepatectomy can only be solved by a knowledge of
      liver physiology. The liver plays a major role in the metabolism of products of
      digestion, whether these are carbohydrates or amino acids arriving in the portal
      blood. The most important activity of the liver is the preservation of a constant
      level of glucose by ensuring a fixed and predictable concentration to
      extrahepatic tissues. It ensures a very precise control of plasma and tissue flow
      of amino acids and thus protein synthesis and neoglycogenesis. Synthesis and
      degradation of non-esterified fatty acids, ketogenesis, cholesterol synthesis and
      triglyceride production result from the action of the liver on lipid metabolism.
      Free cholesterol is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones, but
      esterified cholesterol is not synthetized in the liver. Apart from its role in
      bilirubin metabolism, it has a key role to play in correct functioning of most
      endocrine systems: many are catabolized in the liver. But one of the most
      interesting properties of the hepatic tissue, as far as the surgeon is concerned,
      is liver regeneration, which combines hypertrophy with hyperplasia. This is
      dependent on age, hepatotrophic factors of portal blood, and extraportal factors.
      A study of hepatic metabolic processes allows assessment of the consequences of
      partial hepatectomy. Postoperative hypoglycemia, in the absence of a continuous
      infusion of glucose, is easily explained by the weakness of hepatic reserves in
      glycogen. Albumin levels fall during the first 7-10 days after liver resection,
      but this hypo-albuminemia is often marked by the need to infuse large quantities
      of frozen fresh plasma to try to avoid lesions of the other specific proteins,
      which are coagulation factors. Lipid metabolism disorders are of little clinical
      consequence. Hepatic resection is being alarming when it involves 80 to 90% of
      the hepatic mass and menaces the life of the patient. The existence of a previous
      liver alteration worsens the consequences of major hepatobiliary surgery.
      Indications for hepatic resection must be weighed carefully in patients with
      cirrhosis, liver regeneration being totally absent after resection. Metabolic
      consequences of total hepatectomy followed by transplantation are identical in
      kind to those of partial hepatectomy but are increased in frequency and start
      during operation. Postoperative surveillance must be strict to avoid marked
      variations in glycemia with the risk of hypoglycemia, and variations in
      kaliemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6439726
TI  - Affinity chromatography of kid chymosin on histidyl-Sepharose.

PMID- 6439727
TI  - Improved procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination
      of valproic acid in serum as its phenacyl ester.

PMID- 6439728
TI  - Preliminary investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis biovars.
AB  - A total of 97 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were enzymatically evaluated by
      the APIZYM system. Four enzymatically based groups (biovars) of M. tuberculosis
      were recognized.

PMID- 6439729
TI  - Production of leukocidin by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      antileukocidin antibody from sera of patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis.
AB  - The ratio of leukocidin-producing strains to clinical isolates of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa was investigated together with the production of protease, elastase,
      and exotoxin A. We also examined whether these strains contain the common antigen
      which resides in the cell wall. By using the agar gel diffusion test with
      specific antisera, we found that 87 of 90 (96.7%) of clinical isolates produced
      leukocidin. Protease, elastase, and exotoxin A were also produced at high
      percentages. The common antigen was found to exist in all strains. Next, to
      estimate antileukocidin antibody in the sera of patients, we used an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay with horseradish peroxidase-protein A. The sera of 39
      patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) were investigated for antileukocidin
      antibody. The mean antileukocidin titer in the sera of 17 DPB patients who were
      not infected with P. aeruginosa and 5 DPB patients who were transiently infected
      with the bacteria was about the same as the mean antileukocidin titer in the sera
      of 11 healthy controls, whereas the mean antileukocidin titer in the sera of 17
      DPB patients who were persistently colonized was significantly higher than that
      in healthy controls. These results indicate that leukocidin was produced at the
      local site of infection in DPB patients.

PMID- 6439730
TI  - Variability in CO2, O2, and pH levels in blood culture bottles from five
      different manufacturers.
AB  - The CO2, O2, and pH levels of commercially available blood culture bottles with
      tryptic soy broth medium from five different manufacturers were compared. Ranges
      of 1.3 to 6.9% for CO2, 1.1 to 6.0% for O2, and pH 6.94 to 7.26 were found.
      Different venting procedures revealed that blood culture bottles from which the
      rubber diaphragm was removed equilibrated the most rapidly (24 h) to the
      atmosphere (10, 5, and 2.5% CO2) they were incubated in. In contrast, blood
      culture bottles vented with cotton-plugged needles required 48 h to achieve
      similar CO2 levels in the medium. The ability of these venting procedures to
      support bacterial growth was confirmed by measuring the growth of a CO2-dependent
      Escherichia coli isolate in such vented bottles; blood culture bottles that
      showed rapid atmospheric (5 and 10% CO2) equilibration had the fastest growth
      curves. Our results suggest that the differences in the recovery of certain
      microorganism from blood culture bottles may be due in part to the large
      variability seen in CO2 and O2 concentrations and the use of various venting
      procedures.

PMID- 6439731
TI  - Use of the directigen latex agglutination test for detection of Haemophilus
      influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis antigens in
      cerebrospinal fluid from meningitis patients.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 257 persons were tested for the presence of
      bacterial antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the Directigen meningitis
      test (Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Div. Becton Dickinson & Co., Baltimore, Md.).
      The specimens were obtained from 162 patients with meningitis caused by
      Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Neisseria
      meningitidis serogroups A and C and from 95 patients without bacterial meningitis
      or meningitis caused by other bacterial agents. Directigen detected H. influenzae
      type b antigen in 83% (69 of 83) of the specimens obtained from patients with H.
      influenzae disease, pneumococcal antigen in 77% (30 of 39) of the specimens from
      patients with pneumococcal disease, and N. meningitidis antigen in 93% (37 of 40)
      of the specimens from patients with disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroups
      A and C. The comparable figures for counterimmunoelectrophoresis were 66% (55 of
      83), 79% (31 of 39), and 78% (31 of 40), respectively. No false-positive
      reactions were reported with the Directigen reagents. Nonspecific reactions
      (agglutination with more than one of the four Directigen latex reagents) were
      noted with five specimens. The nonspecific reactions were resolved in four of the
      five specimens by heating (100 degrees C for 3 min). The accumulated data
      demonstrate that the sensitivity of the Directigen meningitis test is better than
      or at least equivalent to the sensitivity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the
      detection of antigens in cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6439732
TI  - Laboratory and clinical evaluation of modified New York City medium (Henderson
      formulation) for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The growth-promoting properties of several ingredients of New York City (NYC)
      medium were investigated by using 100 recently isolated clinical strains of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Difco GC medium base promoted the growth of large colonies
      of gonococci significantly better than other commercial GC medium bases. A 1%
      agar concentration resulted in the growth of larger colonies than 2% agar,
      without affecting the stability of the gel. Neither replacement of horse plasma
      with horse serum nor reducing the concentration of added serum from 12 to 3%
      affected the growth of even the most fastidious strains tested. From these
      observations, a modified NYC medium (Henderson) has been formulated which is easy
      to prepare and less expensive than NYC or Thayer-Martin medium. In a direct
      clinical comparison with 1,275 specimens, an isolation rate of 6.5% was achieved
      with both NYC medium and the Henderson formulation.

PMID- 6439733
TI  - Criteria for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin production by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was compared with a cytotoxicity assay and
      isolation of toxin-producing Clostridium difficile for the diagnosis of
      antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Standardized criteria for CIE positivity were
      established as two major precipitin lines with specific C. difficile antitoxin.
      Using these criteria on 425 fecal specimens, we determined the sensitivity of CIE
      (80%) to be comparable to that of the cytotoxicity assay (82%). Both methods were
      highly specific. With carefully controlled techniques, CIE can be used in routine
      diagnostic laboratories to screen for toxigenic C. difficile.

PMID- 6439734
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of chlamydial infections with the MicroTrak direct test.
AB  - A direct test on clinical specimens, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal
      antibodies, for Chlamydia trachomatis (MicroTrak [Syva Co.]) was evaluated for
      the rapid diagnosis of chlamydial infections. Asymptomatic females attending
      pregnancy or planned parenthood clinics were tested by the direct test and by a
      cell culture method. Of 401 paired, endocervical specimens, 398 (99.3%) gave
      identical direct and culture results. The overall sensitivity of the direct test
      was 96.3% (26 of 27), and the specificity was 99.5% (372 of 374) as compared with
      that of culture. More than four-fifths of the direct smears were read within ca.
      2 min. In this study population, the performance of the direct specimen test was
      comparable to that of cell culture methods. Rapid turnaround time and elimination
      of the need for cell culture make the direct test a practical method for the
      specific diagnosis of chlamydial infections.

PMID- 6439735
TI  - Improved detection of bacterial antigens by latex agglutination after rapid
      extraction from body fluids.
AB  - Nonspecific agglutination of antibody-coated latex particles, unrelated to the
      presence of specific bacterial antigens, is a major difficulty with commercial
      latex particle agglutination tests. Rheumatoid and other factors are known to
      interfere with latex tests. We studied the use of six chelating, reducing, and
      anticoagulatory reagents in a rapid extraction of antigen procedure to free heat
      stable antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b and group B streptococcus which
      had been added to human sera. We also screened sera for the incidence of
      nonspecific agglutination from the three following groups: 123 patients with
      positive serology tests, 112 hospitalized patients, and 87 blood donors. The
      rapid extraction of antigen procedure involved a 1:4 dilution of the sera with
      each of the six reagents, incubation at 100 degrees C for 3 min, and
      centrifugation at 13,000 X g for 5 min. Two commercial latex kits were tested
      (Bactigen and Wellcogen). Nonspecific agglutination was entirely eliminated by
      each of the six extraction reagents. Sera from 52% of the patients with positive
      serology tests, 29% of the hospitalized patients, and 28% of the blood donors
      showed nonspecific agglutination with Bactigen before extraction. Nonspecific
      agglutination was eliminated in all but one sample after the rapid extraction of
      antigen procedure. This simple, rapid extraction procedure eliminated nonspecific
      reactions in cerebrospinal fluids and amniotic fluids and reduced this problem in
      urines and sera with each commercial kit used on clinical specimens.

PMID- 6439736
TI  - Interpretive standards and quality control guidelines for imipenem susceptibility
      tests with 10-micrograms disks.
AB  - Tests with 10-micrograms imipenem disks accurately categorized 98.5% of 551
      bacterial isolates when interpretive breakpoints of less than or equal to 13 mm
      for resistant and greater than or equal to 16 mm for susceptible were used.
      Because a sufficient number of resistant or moderately susceptible strains were
      not available for testing, these interpretive standards must be considered
      tentative. Quality control limits for tests with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are 26 to 32 and 20 to 28 mm, respectively.
      Zones obtained with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were too large and variable
      to be useful for quality control purposes.

PMID- 6439737
TI  - A coagulation pathway on bovine aortic segments leading to generation of Factor
      Xa and thrombin.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the binding of Factors IX and IXa to cultured
      bovine aortic endothelial cells. The present study examines the interaction of
      Factors IX, IXa, and Xa with the luminal surface of calf aortas, shown by
      microscopic examination to have a continuous layer of endothelium.
      Radioimmunoassay of Factor IX showed that 74 fmol/10(6) cells of Factor IX could
      be eluted from freshly prepared aortic segments. Binding of 3H-Factors IX and IXa
      to aortic segments was saturable, and comparable to binding in previous studies
      using cultured endothelial cells. Preincubation of aortic segments with 3H-Factor
      IXa and von Willebrand factor (VWF)/Factor VIII, followed by washing and addition
      of Factor X, resulted in formation of Factor Xa. The addition of prothrombin to
      these activation mixtures resulted in formation of thrombin. Exogenous
      phospholipid and Factor V were not required for Factor X and prothrombin
      activation on the intact native endothelium. Incubation of 125I-Factor Xa with
      the vessel segments resulted in most of the tracer being complexed with
      antithrombin III originally present on the aortic segment (3.8 pmol antithrombin
      III/10(6) cells). The Factor Xa-antithrombin III complex was observed by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis exclusively in the
      supernatants. 125I-Factor Xa not complexed with antithrombin III bound
      specifically to the vessel segment. The time course of binding was biphasic,
      consisting of an initial more rapid reversible phase followed by a slower
      irreversible phase. The latter phase correlated with the formation of a covalent
      complex (Mr, 76,000) between 125I-Factor Xa and a vessel-localized protein
      presumably distinct from antithrombin III. The activation of prothrombin by
      vessel-bound Factor Xa was inhibited by anti-bovine Factor V IgG, suggesting that
      there is interaction of Factor Xa with a Factor V-like molecule provided by the
      endothelial cell surface. Addition of antibody to antithrombin III prevented
      formation of Factor Xa-antithrombin III and thrombin-antithrombin III complexes
      in the supernatant and increased apparent thrombin activity 30-50-fold. These
      studies demonstrate that freshly obtained vessels with a continuous layer of
      native endothelium can support activation of Factor X and prothrombin: vessel
      bound Factor IXa can activate Factor X in the presence of VWF/Factor VIII. Factor
      Xa can also bind to the vessel and participate in the activation of prothrombin.
      The apparent efficiency of prothrombin activation, however, is dampened by the
      presence of functional antithrombin III on the vessel wall.

PMID- 6439738
TI  - Chronic hypercapnia stimulates proximal bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat.
AB  - The hyperbicarbonatemia of chronic respiratory acidosis might be maintained by a
      reduction in filtration rate or an enhancement of tubular bicarbonate
      reabsorption. To investigate this question, 12 Munich-Wistar rats were exposed to
      a 10% CO2 atmosphere for 6-8 d. Chronic respiratory acidosis developed, with
      arterial pH 7.30 +/- 0.01, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) 80 +/- 2 mmHg, and
      total CO2 concentration 45 +/- 1 mM. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate
      was normal (42 +/- 1 nl/min). Chronic hypercapnia caused absolute proximal
      reabsorption to be significantly stimulated (1,449 +/- 26 pmol/min) as compared
      with reabsorption previously observed in normal animals (1,075 +/- 74 pmol/min)
      or in animals subjected to acute hypercapnia (1,200 +/- 59 pmol/min). This is the
      first demonstration that proximal bicarbonate reabsorption can be stimulated
      above normal euvolemic values. When eight animals were subsequently allowed to
      return toward a normocapnic state (arterial pCO2 46 +/- 1 mmHg) over the course
      of 1-1.5 h, bicarbonate reabsorption was still significantly higher (1,211 +/- 34
      pmol/min) than in similarly alkalotic, normocapnic control groups (994 +/- 45
      pmol/min). In conclusion, chronic, but not acute, hypercapnia stimulates absolute
      proximal bicarbonate reabsorption to exceed the level found in normal euvolemic
      rats.

PMID- 6439739
TI  - Postprandial lipemia. A key for the conversion of high density lipoprotein2 into
      high density lipoprotein3 by hepatic lipase.
AB  - In this study, we have investigated the effects of alimentary lipemia in 15
      normotriglyceridemic individuals on high density lipoproteins2 (HDL2) with
      respect to structure, composition, and substrate efficacy for hepatic lipase in
      vitro. In the study subjects, HDL2 levels ranged widely from 4.7 to 151.7 mg/dl
      plasma. HDL2 were isolated in the postabsorptive (pa) state and in the
      postprandial (pp) state, i.e., 7 h after ingestion of a standard fatty meal. In
      going from the pa state to the pp state, HDL2 exhibited higher flotation rates
      and lower densities due to a decreased proportion of protein (38.7----36.2%) and
      a higher abundance in phospholipid (32.5----34.9%). There was a variable increase
      in triglyceride at the expense of cholesteryl esters; this increase was
      correlated positively with the magnitude of pp lipemia (r = 0.69, P less than
      0.01) and inversely with HDL2 levels (r = -0.72, P less than 0.01). Hdl2
      fractions were incubated with human hepatic lipase in vitro. Product lipoproteins
      formed from lipolysis of pa-HDL2 and triglyceride-poorer pp-HDL2 were reduced in
      phospholipid content (by 25 and 50%, respectively) but remained in the size and
      density range of native HDL2. By contrast, a major fraction of triglyceride
      richer pp-HDL2 was converted to particles with density, size, and apoprotein
      composition of native HDL3. Changes consistent with these findings in vitro were
      observed in vivo also, where 15 h postprandially, individuals with high-level
      lipemia showed a decrease in HDL2 and rise in HDL3, while those with lower-level
      lipemia did not. This study indicates that the magnitude of postprandial lipemia
      determines the proportion of triglyceride in pp-HDL2, which in turn determines
      whether or not HDL2 are converted to HDL3 by hepatic lipase action.

PMID- 6439740
TI  - Dietary menhaden oil lowers plasma prostaglandins and calcium in mice bearing the
      prostaglandin-producing HSDM1 fibrosarcoma.
AB  - The omega 3 class of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic
      acid (EPA, 20:5), has been shown to alter the patterns of arachidonic acid (20:4)
      metabolism in both in vitro and in vivo systems. To examine further the role of
      arachidonic acid conversion to prostaglandins (PG) in hypercalcemic mice bearing
      the PG-producing HSDM1 fibrosarcoma, we have performed experiments in which
      control and tumor-bearing animals were fed diets either low (0.1-0.2% of total
      fatty acid) or high (17%) in EPA. In all five experiments performed, tumor
      bearing mice eating control diets had markedly elevated (average sixfold above
      control) plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGE2-M), while in
      mice bearing HSDM1 tumors and eating the EPA-enriched menhaden oil diet, the
      elevation was reduced to only twice control values. The increase in plasma
      calcium concentration (approximately 2.5 mg/dl above control) in tumor-bearing
      animals was also reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) to only 1.3 mg/dl above
      control in mice eating the diet enriched in EPA. Plasma immunoreactive hydroxy
      fatty acids (i12-HETE) and sulfidopeptide leukotrienes (iSRS) were not elevated
      in tumor-bearing mice and were unaffected by diet. The contents of PGE2, PGF2
      alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were lower in tumor tissue from animals eating the
      diet high in EPA, whereas the tissue contents of i12-HETE and iSRS were not
      altered by diet. Fatty acid analysis of liver and tumor tissue revealed marked
      increases in certain omega 3 fatty acids (20:5, 22:5, and 22:6) from animals
      eating the enriched diet. Body weights, tumor weights, and tumor histology were
      not significantly altered by diet. To determine whether dietary calcium played a
      role in the elevation of plasma calcium in mice bearing the HSDM1 tumor and the
      reduction of plasma calcium in animals fed EPA, we compared results in mice fed
      diets containing 0.80% (normal) and 0.015% (deficient) calcium. The increases in
      plasma calcium and PGE2-M observed in tumor-bearing mice were the same on both
      normal and very low calcium intakes. We conclude, in mice of the Swiss albino
      strain bearing the HSDM1 fibrosarcoma, that consumption of a diet enriched in EPA
      reduces the production of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism
      and thereby reduces the elevation of plasma calcium concentration. Dietary
      enrichment with EPA did not alter the production of serologically determined
      lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6439741
TI  - Decreased expression of human class II antigens on monocytes from patients with
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Increased expression with interferon-gamma.
AB  - The expression of HLA-DR (a class II histocompatibility antigen) on monocytes
      isolated from the peripheral blood of normal individuals and patients with
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was investigated by the use of dual
      fluorescent staining and cytofluorometry. In animal models the absence of class
      II positive monocytes is linked to a failure of T cells to respond to antigens.
      We now report that patients with AIDS have a paucity of HLA-DR+ monocytes. The
      percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes among eight normal individuals ranged from 49.3
      to 95.0%+, and only one individual had less than 50% HLA-DR+ monocytes. HLA-DR
      expression on monocytes from homosexual male patients with lymphadenopathy was
      similar to that of normal subjects (range, 58.0 to 97.4%+). In contrast, seven of
      nine patients with AIDS had less than 50% HLA-DR+ monocytes (range, 13.4 to
      78.8%+). The in vitro incubation of monocytes from AIDS patients with cloned
      human interferon-gamma resulted in an increase of the expression of HLA-DR to
      near normal levels.

PMID- 6439742
TI  - Iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in rat kidney microsomes. Kinetic behavior at low
      substrate concentrations.
AB  - The thiol-activated enzymatic outer-ring monodeiodination of iodothyronines by
      rat kidney microsomes at low (nanomolar) substrate concentrations shows an
      apparently sequential reaction mechanism and is further characterized by
      insensitivity to inhibition by dicoumarol, a moderate sensitivity to inhibition
      by propylthiouracil (Ki = 100 microM) and iopanoic acid (Ki = 0.9 mM),
      responsiveness to 5 mM glutathione (GSH), and a thermal activation profile that
      is concave downward with a Td of approximately 20 degrees C. In contrast, the
      activity at high (micromolar) substrate concentrations shows a ping-pong reaction
      mechanism, is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of propylthiouracil,
      iopanoic acid and dicoumarol, is unresponsive to 5 mM GSH, and shows a concave
      upward thermal activation profile. Analysis of the microsomal deiodinase reaction
      over a wide range of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations (0.1 nM to 10
      microM) suggested the presence of two enzymatic activities, with apparent
      Michaelis constants (Km) of 0.5 microM and 2.5 nM. Lineweaver-Burk plots of
      reaction velocities at nanomolar substrate concentrations in presence of 100
      microM propylthiouracil also revealed an operationally distinct enzymatic
      activity with Km's of 2.5 and 0.63 nM and maximum velocities (Vmax's) of 16 and
      0.58 pmol/mg protein per h for rT3 and thyroxine (T4), respectively. These
      findings are consistent with the presence of a low Km iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase
      in rat kidney microsomes distinct from the well characterized high Km enzyme and
      suggest that at circulating levels of free T4 the postulated low Km enzyme could
      be physiologically important.

PMID- 6439743
TI  - Polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion in patients with common variable
      immunodeficiency using monoclonal B cell differentiation factors.
AB  - B cells from 25 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) were tested
      for their ability to differentiate under the influence of B cell differentiation
      factors (BCDF), derived from T cell hybridomas or T cell clones. 11 patients
      generated Ig plaque-forming cells in the range comparable to that of normal
      controls with supernatant from the T cell hybrid MOP 1L. With various hybrid or
      clone supernatants, differing response patterns emerged. Four patients who failed
      to respond to MOP 1L responded to T cell clone supernatant RAC. Another who
      failed to respond to both MOP 1L and RAC responded to T cell hybrid supernatant
      MTP 7. These results indicate that these supernatants contain different BCDFs and
      suggest heterogeneity in the differentiation states of B cells in CVI. In
      addition, three patients demonstrated exaggerated responses to BCDF, and evidence
      was obtained from B cells of these patients for increased BCDF receptor density.
      Thus, the accumulated evidence indicates that T cell defects may be a primary
      pathogenetic mechanism in common variable immunodeficiency, and purified BCDF may
      be of therapeutic value.

PMID- 6439744
TI  - Studies of Factors V and VIII:C in an animal model of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - An experimental animal model of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
      induced by the co-infusion of coagulant-active phospholipid and activated Factor
      X (Factor Xa) is described. The infusion of Factor Xa at a dose of 6.6 X 10(-12)
      mol/kg with phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine (PCPS) lipid vesicles at a
      dose of 4.0 X 10(-8) mol/kg was associated with significant falls in the levels
      of fibrinogen and Factors V and VIII, and a bleeding diathesis developed. Assays
      of Factors V and VIII were performed by a one-stage prothrombin time and
      activated partial thrombin time system, respectively. In additional experiments,
      the effect of the same dose combination of Factor Xa/PCPS on Factor V kinetics
      was studied by preinfusing 125I-labeled Factor V. After Factor Xa/PCPS infusion,
      Factors VIII and V were reduced at 2 min by 90 and 50% of the preinfusion levels,
      respectively, and at 1 h by 80 and 75%, respectively. During the same period,
      there was little change in the total circulating radioactivity. Autoradiography
      indicated small but detectable levels of circulating proteolytic products of
      Factor V that comigrated with peptides obtained by the incubation of Factor V
      with Factor Xa and activated protein C. The majority of radioactivity remained
      associated with the intact single-chain precursor Factor V. These observations
      suggested maintenance of the precursor pool after the onset of DIC. This was
      confirmed by performing two-stage assays of Factors V and VIII, whereby each was
      completely converted to the active cofactor, i.e., Va and VIII:Ca, by
      preincubation of the test sample with thrombin before assaying in a one-stage
      system as before. The Factor V levels assayed by the two-stage procedure did not
      change appreciably over 1 h. The Factor VIII levels fell but corrected within 1 h
      at a time when the level measured by a one-stage assay remained depressed. These
      results indicate that in the dog, infusion of Factor Xa/PCPS induces changes
      characteristic of DIC, and this is associated with the appearance of Factor V
      peptides characteristic of the expression of Factor Xa and activated protein C
      like activities. The differences noted between the one-stage and two-stage assays
      suggest that the one-stage assay is measuring the activated fraction of each
      cofactor and not the total level of the available precursor for each activated
      species. The results suggest a close correlation between the activated fraction
      of both cofactors and the hemostatic abnormality that occurs in DIC.

PMID- 6439745
TI  - Mechanism of enhanced fibroblast arachidonic acid metabolism by mononuclear cell
      factor.
AB  - Chronic inflammation is associated with an infiltration of mononuclear cells,
      fibroblast proliferation, and elevated levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2.
      Mononuclear cell conditioned factor (MNCF) medium (5%) stimulated a 100-fold
      increase in basal human dermal fibroblast PGE2 release over 48 h as compared with
      fibroblasts that were incubated with control medium (conditioned medium prepared
      without cells). The MNCF-induced PGE2 production was suppressed by protein
      synthesis inhibitors. Fibroblasts pretreated with control medium released PGE2
      only modestly in response to 1 nM bradykinin for 1 h (basal, 50 +/- 7 pg
      PGE2/micrograms protein; stimulated, 104 +/- 12 pg PGE2/micrograms protein),
      whereas cells that had been pretreated with MNCF showed a greatly facilitated
      bradykinin-induced release of PGE2. (basal, 297 +/- 59 pg PGE2/micrograms
      protein; stimulated, 866 +/- 85 pg PGE2/micrograms protein). The exaggerated
      agonist response is not specific for bradykinin because platelet-derived growth
      factor elicits a similar response. Exogenous arachidonic acid conversion to PGE2
      was also facilitated (two- to threefold) by MNCF pretreatment as compared with
      control. Both the enhanced agonist-stimulated and exogenous arachidonic acid
      induced PGE2 release from the MNCF pretreated cells were inhibited by actinomyin
      D or cycloheximide. A kinetic study of microsomal cyclooxygenase prepared from
      fibroblasts pretreated with MNCF showed a threefold increase in the maximum
      velocity (Vmax) but the same Michaelis constant (Km) as control-treated cells.
      This augmented arachidonic acid metabolism and subsequent enhanced PGE2
      production may play an important role in macrophage-fibroblast interactions at
      sites of inflammation.

PMID- 6439746
TI  - Mathematical modeling of fetal growth: I. Basic principles.
AB  - Quantitative characterization of fetal growth requires the selection of
      measurement parameters and a growth curve model. For such studies we propose two
      new parameters (the head cube and the abdominal cube) and a new growth curve
      model [P = c(t)k+s(t)]. These parameters are relatively insensitive to shape
      changes and are related to three-dimensional parameters even though they can be
      calculated from profile diameter measurements. The growth curve model is capable
      of adequately describing a wide variety of growth curves and its coefficients may
      be associated with specific biological variables. The properties of these
      parameters and the growth curve model are discussed.

PMID- 6439747
TI  - Mathematical modeling of fetal growth: II. Head cube (A), abdominal cube (B) and
      their ratio (A/B).
AB  - Growth of the fetal head and abdomen have been monitored by measurement of the
      head cube (A), the abdominal cube (B) and A/B, from 12 to 41 weeks menstrual age.
      Growth curves for these parameters have been determined using a specially
      developed growth curve model [P = c(t)k+s(t)]. R2 values of 98.0%, 96.6%, and
      56.2% were obtained for A, B, and A/B, respectively. Similar results were
      obtained when this model was used with HC and AC data from a previous study.
      Variability analysis indicated a progressive increase in variability with
      menstrual age for both A and B while the variability of A/B decreased. The
      variability in the 12- to 17-week interval was significantly greater for all
      three parameters and the A deviation distribution was asymmetric (shifted toward
      negative values) after 36 weeks. Variability data were used with the growth curve
      models to determine standard curves for A, B and A/B.

PMID- 6439748
TI  - Ultrasonic examination of the flexor tendons of the fingers.
AB  - Static ultrasound was used to examine the cross-sectional anatomy of the fingers
      principally to determine the feasibility of demonstrating the normal anatomy of
      the flexor tendons and also to investigate the possibility of showing
      pathological anatomy. The study showed that normal and pathologic anatomy of the
      flexor tendons could be easily demonstrated using the available ultrasound
      equipment. The exact clinical usefulness and the role of this new procedure
      awaits further clinical studies with surgical and pathological correlation.

PMID- 6439749
TI  - Ultrasonographic differentiation of cervical abortion from cervical pregnancy.
AB  - Cervical abortion is a spontaneous abortion of a normal intrauterine pregnancy
      into the cervical canal where the abortus is retained by a closed external os,
      causing distention of the cervical canal. This entity closely simulates ectopic
      cervical pregnancy clinically. The ultrasonic findings in four patients with
      cervical abortion are described and these could alert the physician to the
      possibility of this condition.

PMID- 6439750
TI  - Ultrasonic detection of renal pelvic and ureteric varices.

PMID- 6439751
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of clotted hemopericardium compressing the right
      atrium.

PMID- 6439752
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of reversible portal vein thrombosis following
      splenectomy in an adolescent.

PMID- 6439753
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm: two case reports.

PMID- 6439754
TI  - Fetal hydronephrosis and polyhydramnios associated with vesico-ureteral reflux.

PMID- 6439755
TI  - Noninvasive diagnosis of intestinal angina.

PMID- 6439756
TI  - Lateral pharyngoesophageal diverticulum simulating thyroid adenoma on sonography.

PMID- 6439757
TI  - The antenatal sonographic features of megacystis-microcolon-intestinal
      hypoperistalsis syndrome.

PMID- 6439758
TI  - Acute bacterial conjunctivitis and maltose negative meningococci.

PMID- 6439759
TI  - Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary effects of digoxin.
AB  - Normally menstruating young female volunteers with no evidence of cardiovascular
      disease participated in a controlled study of digoxin effects on serum thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin levels in the basal state and after
      stimulation with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). In the first study,
      subjects received oral digoxin, 0.5 mg daily, or matching placebo, on days 10
      through 22 of a menstrual cycle, then crossed over to placebo or digoxin for days
      10 through 22 of the next cycle. Basal serum TSH and prolactin on days 7 through
      9 and 20 through 22 did not differ significantly between placebo and digoxin
      cycles. Levels of both hormones rose after a 200-micrograms intravenous dose of
      TRH given on days 8 and 21, but the response to TRH did not differ between
      placebo and digoxin cycles. In the second study, subjects received 0.5 mg
      intravenous digoxin daily for days 7 through 21 of a menstrual cycle. Basal serum
      TRH and prolactin did not change significantly in response to digoxin. The
      findings suggest that hormonal changes associated with digoxin therapy, if they
      exist, are more likely to reflect direct effects on the target organ rather than
      indirect effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

PMID- 6439760
TI  - The organization of immature callosal connections.
AB  - In newborn kittens, the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, alone or
      bound to wheat-germ agglutinin, indicates that callosal axons have entered
      selectively the restricted portions of the neocortical gray matter (e.g., the
      area 17/18 border) which receive callosal afferents in adults. The callosal axons
      do also reach regions where they lack in the adult, but there they seem not to
      penetrate far into the gray matter. Neonatal injections of retrograde fluorescent
      tracers restricted to the gray matter in areas 17, 18, and posteromedial lateral
      suprasylvian area (PMLS) label neurons in the contralateral hemisphere only when
      the tracers were directed into regions known to receive callosal axons. In
      particular, injections near the 17/18 border label neurons in the contralateral
      hemisphere at the homologous site and at restricted, retinotopically
      corresponding locations in other visual areas: a pattern similar to the adult
      one. In contrast, an injection reaching the white matter of areas 17 or 18 labels
      a wider, continuous territory extending mediolaterally over most visual areas
      from 17 to posterolateral lateral suprasylvian area (PLLS) and including regions
      which later become acallosal; in addition, labeled neurons are found in the
      limbic cortex medial to area 17 and in the auditory cortex lateral to PLLS, none
      of which is known to project to either 17 or 18 in the adult. In flattened
      reconstructions of the cortex, the shape of the territory labeled by each of
      these injections is characteristically, although somewhat irregularly, crescent
      shaped; its rostrocaudal position varies with that of the injection. An injection
      extending into the white matter of more lateral visual areas (19, 21a, PMLS)
      labels callosal neurons over a similar territory, which extensively overlaps that
      labeled by the 17/18 border injections and likewise includes regions which are
      acallosal in the adult. In spite of the overlapping distribution of labeling
      obtained from separate injection sites, as in adults, each cytoarchitectonically
      (or retinotopically) defined area seems to receive from a different set of
      neurons, although a few neurons send bifurcating axons to more than one area. In
      conclusion, injections restricted to the cortical gray matter reveal a
      topographic organization of juvenile callosal connections similar to that of the
      adult. In contrast, injections extending into the white matter and adequate to
      reach the transitory callosal axons which appear to be confined there reveal what
      appears to be an earlier organization. These two organizations probably reflect
      different morphogenetic factors.

PMID- 6439761
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the vagus nerve in non-diabetic and ketonuric diabetic
      Chinese hamsters.
AB  - Morphometric analysis of axons from the ventral division of the vagus nerve of
      ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamsters and age-sex matched non-diabetic controls was
      performed to determine the frequency distribution and numerical and volume
      density. Myelinated fibres of diabetics displayed a significant reduction in
      diameter (P less than 0.001) compared with controls, which was correlated
      inversely with progressive ketonuria (P less than 0.05). The reduced calibre of
      myelinated fibres was the result of thin myelin sheaths rather than a reduction
      in axon diameter. A marked decrease in numerical density (P less than 0.05) and
      volume density (P less than 0.005) was found in the myelinated fibres of
      diabetics compared with controls. Non-myelinated axons showed a significant shift
      to smaller diameter (P less than 0.001) in diabetics, which was correlated
      inversely with duration of ketonuria (P less than 0.05). Numerical density of non
      myelinated axons was increased (P less than 0.01) in diabetic hamsters whereas
      volume density was comparable in diabetic and control animals. These data provide
      morphological evidence of impairment in the parasympathetic nervous system which
      may be a major factor underlying previously reported gastrointestinal and
      pancreatic islet dysfunction in the diabetic Chinese hamster.

PMID- 6439762
TI  - Malignant mastocytoma in mice.
AB  - Four cases of spontaneous malignant mastocytoma were found in some 20 000 mice.
      Only liver and spleen were involved in one case, but there was widespread
      dissemination in the three other animals. Involvement of peripheral blood was
      detected in only one mouse. In all cases the neoplastic cells were well
      differentiated, with abundant metachromatic granules.

PMID- 6439763
TI  - Ecthyma gangrenosum: report of clinical, histopathologic, and bacteriologic
      aspects of eight cases.
AB  - The records of eight patients with ecthyma gangrenosum who were treated at the
      Mayo Clinic between 1970 and 1982 were reviewed. All patients had hematologic
      disease and had received immunosuppressive drugs. Patients with neutropenia that
      did not resolve by the end of a course of appropriate antibiotic treatment
      usually died. Solitary lesions of ecthyma gangrenosum were associated with a
      better prognosis than were multiple lesions. The typical skin findings of ecthyma
      gangrenosum usually occurred early and were often incorrectly diagnosed,
      resulting in time lost during which antibiotic therapy could have been
      instituted. For patients with ecthyma gangrenosum, a systematic procedure is
      important to establish the diagnosis early, so that appropriate systemic
      antibiotic therapy can be initiated.

PMID- 6439764
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris: results of treatment with gold as a steroid-sparing agent in
      a series of thirteen patients.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1981, thirteen patients with pemphigus vulgaris were treated
      with prednisone supplemented by gold salts. Therapy resulted in excellent
      responses in eleven of the thirteen, with complete remission in seven. At a mean
      follow-up of 48.8 months, five patients still had complete remission and required
      no further treatment. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris initially with prednisone
      followed by gold compounds is recommended as an important modality with
      relatively low morbidity and may permit lower effective doses of corticosteroids
      to be employed, occasionally even permitting their complete withdrawal.

PMID- 6439765
TI  - The dermatologist as practitioner of science and art: bridging the credibility
      gap.

PMID- 6439766
TI  - Cement distribution and bond strength in cemented posts.
AB  - Rods of lucite were drilled to receive a No. 5 parapost to a depth of 4 mm and 7
      mm. Posts were fitted and cemented either by coating the post with cement or by
      placing the cement in the prepared hole with a lentulo spiral in a low-speed hand
      piece and then inserting the pre-coated post. Photographs were taken to determine
      the distribution of the cement. The lentulo spiral distributed the cement along
      the entire length of the preparation, but coating alone did not distribute the
      cement evenly. The tensile strength with these two methods of post cementation
      was also compared in four groups of extracted teeth. In Groups IA and IIA, the
      post preparation was rinsed with 2 ml of 5.25% NaOCl and dried with paper points
      and blasts of air. In Group IA, the post was coated with zinc phosphate cement
      and seated. In Group IIA, the cement was placed into the post space with a
      lentulo spiral in a slowly rotating hand-piece; the post was then coated and
      seated. In Groups IB and IIB, the post preparation was rinsed with 1 ml of 17%
      Na2 EDTA followed by 1 ml of 5.25% NaOCl to remove the smeared layer at the
      dentin-cement interface. The posts were then cemented as in IA and IIA. Under the
      conditions of this experiment, the following conclusions can be drawn: Placing
      cement into the preparation with a lentulo spiral increased the tensile strength
      and the overall cement distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439767
TI  - Electron microscopic observation of dyskeratotic cells in acquired zinc
      deficiency.

PMID- 6439768
TI  - Ethics of extraordinary nutritional support.

PMID- 6439769
TI  - Zinc, copper, manganese and iron in rat organs after the administration and
      withdrawal of aflatoxin B1.
AB  - The in vivo levels of zinc, copper, manganese and iron were determined in the
      testis, kidney and three brain regions (cerebellum, cerebrum and medulla
      oblongata) from rats intraperitoneally injected with 20 micrograms per kg body
      weight of aflatoxin B1 for 6 weeks. Similar investigations were made after a
      recovery period of 6 weeks. The results obtained were compared with those of pair
      fed control rats. The aflatoxin B1-induced decrease in testicular zinc was not
      reversed after the recovery of the rats. On the contrary, the significantly
      increased zinc concentration in the other organs following aflatoxin B1 exposure,
      reverted to the control level, as judged by significant levels. Only in the
      kidney was there accumulation of copper, even after the cessation of aflatoxin B1
      administration. The marked increase in the manganese concentration of all the
      organs following repeated toxin administration, persisted only in the brain
      regions after the recovery. Aflatoxin B1 treatment significantly decreased the
      iron concentration in the testis, kidney, cerebellum and cerebrum. Recovery did
      not alter this trend. Iron concentration in the medulla oblongata was, however,
      not significantly changed in the presence of aflatoxin B1. The present data
      suggest that the repeated administration of aflatoxin B1 to rats could result in
      either a permanent or temporary re-distribution of these elements in the organs
      examined.

PMID- 6439770
TI  - Twenty-four-hour prolactin secretory patterns in women with galactorrhea, normal
      menses, normal random prolacting levels and abnormal sellar tomograms.
AB  - During a systematic study of women with idiopathic galactorrhea, we observed
      several patients with normal random serum prolactin (PRL) levels and normal
      menses, but abnormal sellar tomograms characteristic of a pituitary adenoma. To
      test the hypothesis that these women might have intermittent PRL hypersecretion,
      we studied PRL secretion by sampling blood every half hour for 24 h in 10
      patients and for 17.5 h in another, and compared the findings to those of a group
      of 5 normal women. The mean 24-h PRL of the 10 patients (16.8 +/- 7.8 ng/ml; mean
      +/- SD) was not significantly different from that of the normal women (13.6 +/-
      3.2 ng/ml), and each patient showed a normal sleep-associated PRL increment.
      Three individuals exhibited an abnormally elevated 24-h PRL (greater than 20
      ng/ml). Increased PRL secretion occurred primarily at night or in the afternoon.
      Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration caused normal or exaggerated
      PRL responses in all patients tested. High resolution CT scanning of two of the
      hypersecretors suggested a microadenoma in one case. In another case whose PRL
      was normal over 17.5 h, transsphenoidal surgery, carried out because of the
      tomographic findings and the symptom of headaches, demonstrated a 5-mm
      chromophobe adenoma that did not contain PRL by immunohistochemistry.
      Postoperatively the galactorrhea persisted. We conclude that most women with
      galactorrhea, normal PRL, normal menses, and abnormal tomograms have normal PRL
      secretion. However, a minority of patients with this syndrome do demonstrate
      intermittent PRL hypersecretion. The etiology of intermittent PRL hypersecretion
      and its relevance to galactorrhea have not been determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439771
TI  - TSH secretion in thalassemia.
AB  - Thyroid function has been evaluated in 6 prepubertal male and 9 female
      thalassemic patients. Four of the latter were sexually immature (Group I), with
      very low estradiol levels and the remainder had more advanced sexual development
      (Group II). Subjects were challenged with TRH and the response compared to adult
      controls and a group of 15 males aged 13-18 years with constitutional delayed
      adolescence. All patient groups and controls had normal levels of T4, T3 and T3
      resin uptake. When compared to adult controls or males with constitutional
      delayed adolescence, the male thalassemic patients had increased basal TSH levels
      with an exaggerated response to TRH. Long term testosterone enanthate led to a
      decrease in integrated TSH secretion, showing that androgens may decrease the TSH
      response to TRH. The more sexually mature females of Group II also had increased
      basal and stimulated TSH levels; however, the sexually immature females of Group
      I had basal TSH and TSH responses to TRH equivalent to female controls. In Group
      I patients there were, moreover, no changes in TSH response during administration
      of estradiol valearate for 3 months and conjugated estrogens for 8 months. The
      high basal and stimulated TSH levels in the males and Group II females are most
      likely due to subclinical primary hypothyroidism. This has been previously
      described in thalassemia. On the other hand, failure of estrogens to increase the
      TSH response to TRH in Group I females is evidence of pituitary involvement,
      which is also well documented in this clinical condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439772
TI  - Recovery of serum TSH and thyroid hormones after 3'isopropyl-3,5-diiodo-L
      thyronine (DIIP) treatment: absence of inhibiting effect of bromocriptine on TSH
      secretion and evidence for autoregulation of serum T3 levels.
AB  - Bromocriptine, because of its dopaminergic activity, could possibly inhibit TSH
      secretion. This hypothesis was tested in 7 normal male volunteers. Thyroid
      function was suppressed with the very potent thyromimetic analogue, 3'isopropyl
      3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (DIIP). We wanted to observe, after stopping this
      treatment, whether the return of serum T3, T4, rT3 and TSH values was influenced
      by concomitant bromocriptine treatment (5 mg/day). For comparison, the DIIP study
      was also performed without bromocriptine treatment. In both cases, serum T4 and
      serum T3, which had decreased by, respectively, 34% +/- 5% and 17% +/- 5%,
      returned over the same time interval to their initial values. Serum TSH and TRH
      mediated TSH secretion were also unaffected by the bromocriptine treatment. DIIP
      does not interfere in the serum determination of T3, T4 and rT3. During
      suppression with DIIP serum T3 fell less than serum T4 and returned more rapidly
      to its initial concentrations. It is concluded that dopaminergic inhibition by
      bromocriptine, at this dose, is insufficient to alter normal thyroid function. In
      addition, during suppression and shortly thereafter there is a tendency for the
      serum T3 levels to be maintained.

PMID- 6439773
TI  - Estrogenic treatment does not modify the TSH and PRL responses to domperidone and
      TRH in patients with tumoral hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - To verify if the low estrogen regimen could condition the TSH hyperresponsivity
      and PRL hyporesponsivity to antidopaminergic drugs seen by us and others in
      patients bearing prolactinoma, the effect of ethynilestradiol treatment (50
      micrograms/day/14 days) on TSH and PRL responses to domperidone in 6 women with
      tumoral hyperprolactinemia and hypoestrogenemia were studied. Estrogenic
      treatment was unable to modify the TSH and PRL responsiveness either to
      domperidone and TRH. These data do not support the hypothesis that
      hypoestrogenemia could cause the peculiar TSH and PRL pattern in response to
      antidopaminergic drugs, in patients bearing prolactinoma. Also the TRH releasable
      pool of TSH and PRL in these patients seems to be unaffected by estrogenic
      treatment.

PMID- 6439774
TI  - Effects of stress on the gonadal function.

PMID- 6439775
TI  - A functional treatment method for interphalangeal pyogenic arthritis.
AB  - A treatment plan for pyogenic arthritis has been devised in which the accessory
      collateral ligaments are resected through radial and ulnar midaxial incisions.
      The surgical wound is debrided and copiously irrigated with an antibiotic
      solution, and intravenous antibiotics are instituted before operation and
      continued after operation. Physical therapy is begun within 24 hours of surgery
      and includes active range of motion (ROM) of all joints, dynamic splinting, and
      hand therapy to ensure both full flexion and extension. Forty patients were
      treated with this method within a 6-year period. Of five interphalangeal (IP)
      joints of the thumb, four regained 0 degree to 60 degrees full ROM and one gained
      15 degrees to 65 degrees limited ROM. Of the two distal IP joints, one regained
      full ROM and the other became fused. Among the 33 proximal IP joints, 13 regained
      full ROM of 110 degrees and 13 regained limited ROM. Good functional results were
      obtained with this treatment plan in lieu of amputation, which previously was the
      most likely treatment.

PMID- 6439776
TI  - Small intestinal permeability in clinical practice.

PMID- 6439777
TI  - Gastrointestinal neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Progressive anemia, melena, and sudden massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in
      a man with cutaneous neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) since
      childhood prompted endoscopic demonstration of multiple gastric neurofibromas.
      One source of gastric bleeding removed by endoscopic electrosurgery proved to be
      a malignant schwannoma (spindle cell sarcoma). A pulmonary schwannoma, multifocal
      intracerebral spindle cell sarcomas, an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, and
      ocular neurofibromas were other features of this neuroectodermal dysplasia.
      Neurogenic tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are rare, commonly present with
      dyspepsia, abdominal pain, anemia, or hemorrhage, and should be suspect in the
      clinical setting of cutaneous neurofibromatosis. In the patient with systemic
      neurofibromatosis, endoscopic removal represents a safe method of diagnosis and
      treatment of bleeding neoplasms in the stomach or duodenum.

PMID- 6439778
TI  - Omnibus: a comprehensive Drosophila experiment for the genetics teaching
      laboratory.
AB  - A comprehensive laboratory exercise for the beginning genetics student is
      presented. The student is given "unknown" Drosophila stocks that carry assorted
      genetic markers and chromosomal rearrangements. These are crossed inter se in
      order to illustrate all of the basic genetic phenomena. During the exercise the
      student learns to proceed from data to conclusion, not vice versa.

PMID- 6439779
TI  - The diphtheria bacillus and its toxin: a model system.

PMID- 6439780
TI  - Conversion by corynephages and its role in the natural history of diphtheria.
AB  - The conversion of non-toxinogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae to toxinogeny has
      been reviewed. The biology of converting phage and the relationship of converting
      phages to nonconverting phages are summarized. The significance of these findings
      to the natural history and evolution of diphtheria is assessed.

PMID- 6439781
TI  - Diphtheria in North America.
AB  - The incidence of diphtheria has declined in North America during the last fifty
      years until it is now an uncommon disease. This general pattern is similar to
      that seen in other developed countries with well-organized immunization
      programmes, but certain noteworthy characteristics have been observed in recent
      years: foci of infection lingered in two population groups of low socio-economic
      status, in both of which the skin has been an important reservoir. In central
      areas of certain cities, endemic diphtheria, chiefly cutaneous, has occurred
      amongst indigent adult males living in unhygienic conditions; and in the native
      Indian population of Northern Canada diphtheria infection has been endemic in
      infants and children, many of the infections being of the skin or ear and toxic
      disease being uncommon. During the last few years, diphtheria outbreaks have not
      been reported in urban areas and possibly endemicity is now restricted to
      northern native populations. The number of infections detected in these northern
      endemic areas is steadily decreasing.

PMID- 6439782
TI  - Characterisation of the under-agarose method for quantifying migration of highly
      purified human monocytes.
AB  - Optimal conditions governing migration towards chemotactic agent (MTCA) and
      random migration of purified human monocytes under agarose have been determined.
      These include an incubation period of 20 h, use of blood group AB pooled human
      serum, 0.75% agarose type I, pH between 6.8 and 7.2 and performance in 35 mm
      Falcon plastic petri dishes. A discontinuous Percoll density gradient was used to
      give monocyte purity of 83 +/- 10% and viability 97-99%. The use of highly
      purified monocytes was found to be essential, as increasing lymphocyte: monocyte
      ratio caused inhibition of migration.

PMID- 6439783
TI  - Complement fixation by pemphigus antibody. I. In vitro fixation to organ and
      tissue culture skin.
AB  - Although complement is often detected in the intercellular substance of pemphigus
      skin lesions, the ability of pemphigus antibodies to fix complement in vitro is
      controversial. The purpose of this study was to test in vitro complement fixation
      abilities of pemphigus antibodies further using organ and tissue culture methods.
      Epidermal cell monolayers from mouse tail were incubated with the purified IgG
      fraction of pemphigus serum followed by purified Clq. Binding of Clq, as well as
      IgG was demonstrated by immunofluorescence methods. When purified Clq was
      replaced with normal human serum as a complement source, positive C3 and C4
      staining were also evident. When purified IgG of normal human serum was used in
      place of pemphigus IgG, similar immunofluorescence staining was not observed.
      Further evidence for complement fixation in vitro by pemphigus antibodies was
      obtained using organ cultures. Organ culture of normal human skin and monkey
      esophageal mucosa cultured in purified pemphigus IgG showed intercellular
      substance binding of IgG. No binding was observed when normal IgG was substituted
      for pemphigus IgG. Additional organ culture sections were then treated with
      complement (fresh normal human serum) and tested by in vitro complement staining.
      Fixation of Clq, C4, and C3 was noted in intercellular substance areas of organ
      cultured skin and mucosa incubated with pemphigus IgG but not those incubated
      with normal IgG. Prior treatment of pemphigus IgG organ cultured skin sections
      with unlabeled anti-C3, blocked positive C3 staining. These results suggest that
      some pemphigus antibodies are capable of activating complement in vitro.

PMID- 6439784
TI  - Diagnosis of experimental toxocariasis canis by intradermal and gel-diffusion
      tests.

PMID- 6439785
TI  - [Use of the low virulent strain antigens in serological diagnosis of
      tsutsugamushi disease].

PMID- 6439786
TI  - [Bacteriocin typing for clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae--an
      epidemiologic consideration].

PMID- 6439787
TI  - [Evaluation of incidence of parasitosis in Fukui Prefecture, Japan].

PMID- 6439788
TI  - [Ecological study on the pathogenic bacteria in pre-clinical chronic lower
      respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 6439789
TI  - [Detection of campylobacters in patients with sporadic diarrhea and antibacterial
      action of 37 drugs against Campylobacter jejuni].

PMID- 6439790
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of oxaprozin in the treatment of acute upper respiratory
      tract inflammations--a double-blind comparative study using ibuprofen as the
      control drug].

PMID- 6439791
TI  - [Immunological studies of Rickettsial infection--experimental Rickettsia
      tsutsugamushi infection in nude mice].

PMID- 6439792
TI  - [An autopsied case of Pasteurella multocida empyema with review of the
      literature].

PMID- 6439793
TI  - [The study of detection method for toxoplasma IgM antibody: the development of
      IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].

PMID- 6439794
TI  - [Isolation and purification of Campylobacter jejuni antigen which reacts with
      sera of patients with Campylobacter enteritis].

PMID- 6439795
TI  - [Antibiotic susceptibilities and serotypes of hemolytic streptococci isolated in
      Japan from 1980 to 1982].

PMID- 6439796
TI  - [A statistical study on relation between numbers of patients with infectious
      diseases and meteorological data (1): streptococcal infections].

PMID- 6439797
TI  - [A seroepidemiological study on S. pyogenes in Ecuador].

PMID- 6439798
TI  - [Epidemiological analysis of mortality among the aged during an influenza
      epidemic].

PMID- 6439799
TI  - [Clinical studies on DL-8280 in male gonococcal urethritis].

PMID- 6439800
TI  - [Studies on the human and mouse immunoglobulin epsilon chain genes--their
      structures, expression and evolution].

PMID- 6439801
TI  - [A statistical study of management based on prognostic factors after surgical
      treatment for cervical carcinoma].
AB  - In order to improve the therapeutic results after surgical treatment for cervical
      carcinoma, 236 patients treated from 1969 to 1976, who could be followed up for
      five years, were analyzed retrospectively. Various prognostic factors were
      studied by principal component analysis (quantification method III), and criteria
      of risk of recurrence were established. Using the discriminant function obtained,
      another series of 246 patients treated surgically experienced from 1977 to 1982,
      whose clinical stages were Ib or more, were divided into three groups according
      to the risk of recurrence and were managed accordingly. The patients in groups II
      and III, in whom recurrence was possible, received continuous adjuvant
      chemotherapy with Tegafur (400-600mg/day). The results obtained were as follows.
      In the principal component analysis, coefficients for the clinical stage,
      invasion into the parametrium, location of carcinoma and invasion into the
      uterine body were high on the X1-axis, considered to represent the tumor volume.
      On the X2-axis, considered to represent the tumor biological characteristics,
      coefficients of the histological type, CPL classification and lymph node
      metastasis were high. The risk of recurrence was calculated by the following
      discriminant function; Z = 0.810X1 + 0.710X2. The values obtained were Z less
      than 0.053 in group I, 0.053 less than or equal to Z less than 0.376 in group II
      and Z greater than or equal to 0.376 in group III. Using the equation, 246 cases
      from 1972 to 1982 were prospectively divided into three groups.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439802
TI  - [Clinical effects of oral administration of UFT on gynecological malignant
      tumors].

PMID- 6439803
TI  - [Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with high energy electron
      beam].

PMID- 6439804
TI  - Esophageal carcinoma associated with multiple diverticula in the middle esophagus
      -a case report of a 30-year-old man and review of the literature.

PMID- 6439805
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with suggestive evidence of Factor IX
      inhibitor: a case report].

PMID- 6439806
TI  - Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the hand.
AB  - A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma in the hand is reported. The lesion was
      atypical clinically, being sited in the hand and the tumour was so large that it
      extended from the palmar to the dorsal surface. Curettage was performed at seven
      weeks after birth and histological examination established a diagnosis of
      juvenile xanthogranuloma. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the
      residual lesion had disappeared spontaneously four years after operation.

PMID- 6439807
TI  - Current status of laser therapy in gynecology.

PMID- 6439808
TI  - Report of the Committee to Investigate Changing Trends in Medicine.

PMID- 6439809
TI  - Inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte mitogenesis by lipoxygenase
      metabolites of arachidonic acid: structure-activity relationships.
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced mitogenesis of mixed mouse spleen lymphocyte
      populations, measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was completely inhibited by
      micromolar concentrations of certain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE's).
      These are lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid which are synthesized in
      considerable concentrations by macrophages, lymphocytes, and other components of
      the immune system when appropriately stimulated. In the studies described here,
      the structural requirements for the maximum antimitogenic activities were
      examined. A series of monohydroxylated HETE's were prepared using a singlet
      oxygen photochemical procedure or by enzymatic synthesis from arachidonic acid
      substrate, and isolated by HPLC. Isomers containing different numbers of double
      bonds were synthesized using the appropriate unsaturated fatty acid as substrate,
      and the functional importance of the OH and carboxylic functions was tested using
      various acetoxy- and carbomethoxy derivatives. A serum-free mitogenesis assay
      system was used for testing, which minimized binding of the fatty acids by serum
      proteins and increased the inhibitory potency of the various HETE's several-fold.
      It was found that inhibition of cell proliferation was related to: hydroxyl
      proximity to the center of the eicosatetraenoic acid, decreasing in the order: 9
      greater than 11 greater than 12 greater than 15 greater than 8 much greater than
      5; the number of double bonds in the fatty acid chain, decreasing in the order:
      15-OH, 20:4 greater than 15-OH 20:3 much greater than 15-OH, 20:2 much greater
      than 15-OH, 20:0; and the 15-position functional group as well as the 1
      carboxylic group, decreasing in the order: 15-hydroxy, 1-carboxylic greater than
      15-acetoxy, 1-carboxylic much greater than 15-hydroxy, 1-carbomethoxy greater
      than 15-acetoxy, 1-carbomethoxy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439810
TI  - Immunogenicity of homologous low density lipoprotein after methylation,
      ethylation, acetylation, or carbamylation: generation of antibodies specific for
      derivatized lysine.
AB  - We previously showed that immunization of guinea pigs with reductively
      glucosylated guinea pig low density lipoprotein (LDL) or albumin resulted in the
      formation of antibodies specific for the glucosylated protein. The present
      studies were done to determine if modifications of homologous LDL or albumin,
      other than addition of carbohydrate, would also render these proteins
      immunogenic. We found that derivatization of lysine residues of guinea pig LDL or
      albumin by carbamylation, acetylation, ethylation, or even methylation rendered
      them immunogenic in guinea pigs. In addition, the specificity of the antibodies
      was strikingly influenced by whether modified homologous LDL or modified
      homologous albumin was used as the immunogen. Antibodies generated against
      modified LDL were directed almost exclusively against the derivatized lysine
      residues (i.e., carbamyllysine, acetyllysine, or methyllysine) and hence reacted
      equivalently with other modified proteins that contained the same lysine
      derivative. However, antibodies generated against guinea pig albumin (or
      fibrinogen) modified in the same ways reacted primarily with the modified protein
      used as immunogen, and not with the free lysine derivative, or with other
      similarly modified proteins. Each of the modifications referred to above could
      potentially occur in vivo. Therefore, the findings presented may be relevant to
      autoantibody formation and immunopathogenetic mechanisms in certain diseases.

PMID- 6439811
TI  - New aspects of acid-base balance influences of NH4Cl on intra- and extracellular
      acid-base equilibrium studies in the rat.
AB  - Though buffers are widely used in daily practice, there is little information
      about their effect on intracellular pH in vivo. In this study, the effects of
      NH4Cl on intra- and extracellular acid-base equilibria were examined. Intact male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with 3 mmol NH4Cl per kg body weight. Arterial
      plasma pH and pCO2 were measured at intervals for six hours. In addition, the
      "mean whole body (intracellular) pHi", an overall estimate of the intracellular
      pH (complementary to the in vivo determined arterial plasma pH) was calculated
      from the distribution of 14C labeled DMO (5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione). For
      evaluation of buffering, extra- and intracellular bicarbonate was calculated from
      the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Though a decrease of pHe (extracellular pH)
      by 0.12 pH units was found just after infusion of NH4Cl, pHi increased over the 6
      hours of investigation by 0.08 pH units. Extracellular bicarbonate was reduced
      but there was little change in intracellular bicarbonate concentration. For the
      treatment of metabolic alkalosis, therapeutic agents are given to reduce
      intracellular pH and intracellular bicarbonate concentration.. However, it was
      found in this study that NH4Cl has no effect on intracellular bicarbonate
      concentration. In addition, infusion of NH4Cl causes an increase of intracellular
      pH which cannot be detected by blood-gas measurements. The intracellular pH
      increase that we have demonstrated may have adverse consequences for patients and
      raises objections to the use of NH4Cl in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis.

PMID- 6439812
TI  - A taxonomy: hospital information systems evaluation methodologies.
AB  - During the past decade, computers and information systems and their resultant
      products have pervaded hospitals. Not only have the number of and investments in
      computers and their associated systems increased, but the types of hospital
      systems and affected functions have also multiplied. Unfortunately, methodologies
      to measure impacts of these systems have not evolved at the same pace. There have
      been few developments of new techniques. Existing techniques have not been
      adapted for use in hospitals. As a result, evaluations are not performed or are
      based upon generalizations, often with users minimally involved, if at all. Most
      techniques emphasize the cost-benefit approach, but this should not be the only
      tool used. This paper presents a taxonomy of methodologies for the evaluation of
      hospital information systems. The analyses of methodologies and systems are
      accomplished from user's perspectives. Effectiveness of system products is
      emphasized. Users are provided with an additional tool to plan, organize,
      control, and direct the information resources and achieve the hospital's goals
      and objectives.

PMID- 6439813
TI  - Local circuit interactions in synchronization of cortical neurones.
AB  - Under certain circumstances large numbers of neurones in the mammalian central
      nervous system (CNS) can discharge simultaneously. An example of such activity is
      recorded from a hippocampal slice in the presence of agents which block synaptic
      inhibition. This synchronized discharge occurs spontaneously in a rhythmic
      fashion or may be triggered by stimulation of any afferent pathway. Its
      generation appears to involve local circuit interactions. The favourable
      conditions offered by an in vitro preparation have allowed the cellular events
      during this activity to be examined in some detail. Three factors appear to be
      critically involved in the synchronization process. Firstly, the intrinsic
      ability of neurones to generate bursts, secondly, the existence of powerful
      recurrent excitatory connections, and thirdly the absence of inhibition which
      normally prevents the spread of bursting activity through the recurrent
      connections. Computer simulations show that in a sparsely connected network of
      bursting neurones activity initiated in a few cells may spread through recurrent
      connections until eventually the whole population discharges simultaneously.
      Rhythmic discharges similar to those described here also underly various CNS
      functions including centrally-originating motor patterns. It remains to be
      determined whether neuronal properties and connectivity found to be important in
      this hippocampal rhythm may also play a role in the generation of other rhythmic
      activities in the mammalian CNS.

PMID- 6439814
TI  - Both interleukin 2 and a second T cell-derived factor in EL-4 supernatant have
      activity as differentiation factors in IgM synthesis.
AB  - B cells cultured with anti-IgM, BSF-p1, and B15-TRF will differentiate into high
      rate IgM-synthesizing cells in the presence of supernatants from EL-4 cells that
      have been induced with phorbol myristate acetate. These supernatants contain two
      molecular species (EL-TRFs) that have differentiative activity. One co-migrates
      with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its activity is blocked by antibody to the IL-2
      receptor. Furthermore, molecularly cloned IL-2, at concentrations of 100 U/ml or
      more, expresses such EL-TRF activity. The EL-TRF activity of cloned IL-2 can also
      be inhibited by antibody to the IL-2 receptor. The other material with EL-TRF
      activity has a molecular weight of approximately 32,000. This material lacks IL-2
      activity. Antibody to the IL-2 receptor does not impair its function. B cells
      stimulated with anti-IgM and BSF-p1, with or without B15-TRF, express
      determinants that react with two monoclonal antibodies which recognize distinct
      epitopes on the T cell IL-2 receptor. These determinants are present at much
      lower density (approximately 100-fold) on stimulated B cells that on HT-2 cells,
      an IL-2-dependent T cell line. Very small amounts of [3H]IL-2 (less than 1,000
      molecules per cell) bind to activated B cells. These results indicate that IL-2
      binds to a receptor on appropriately prepared B cells and causes them to
      differentiate into high rate IgM-synthesizing cells. The physiologic significance
      of the B cell differentiative activity of IL-2 remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6439815
TI  - Ig RNA expression in normal B cells stimulated with anti-IgM antibody and T cell
      derived growth and differentiation factors.
AB  - An increase in mRNA encoding the secretory form of the mu heavy (H) chain (mus)
      and in the ratio of mus mRNA to the mRNA encoding the membrane form of the microH
      chain (micron) occurs in normal B cells stimulated with anti-IgM and BSF-p1
      together with the two B cell differentiation factors B15-TRF and EL-TRF.
      Stimulation of cells with anti-IgM and BSF-p1 with either B15- or EL-TRF causes
      no change in mus levels or mus/micron ratios. The requirements for induction of
      high rate IgM synthesis in normal B cells stimulated with anti-IgM were precisely
      the same as those required for elevation of mus, mRNA levels and for increase in
      mus/micron mRNA ratios. A very close correlation also exists between induction of
      mRNA for J chain and increase in mus mRNA levels. Similarly, the increase in J
      chain protein concentration and percent of cells with cytoplasmic IgM were
      correlated to each other and to levels of mus and J chain mRNA. These results
      indicate that elevation of mus mRNA and mus/micron mRNA ratios occur in normal B
      cells only upon commitment to IgM synthesis, and reaffirm the close relation
      between IgM synthesis and the presence of J chain.

PMID- 6439816
TI  - Clonal analysis of B cells induced to secrete IgG by T cell-derived
      lymphokine(s).
AB  - To gain insight into how T cell-derived lymphokines induce the secretion of IgG
      in activated B cells, we performed a limiting dilution analysis, using murine
      splenic B cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a T cell-derived B
      cell differentiating factor for IgG (BCDF gamma)-containing supernatant (SN). The
      results of this analysis indicate that such a SN induces a marked increase in the
      precursor frequency of IgG1-secreting cells and a modest increase in clone size.
      The precursors lack surface IgG and are committed to the differentiation pathway
      for IgG1 secretion after LPS activation, but before the addition of BCDF gamma
      containing SN. The majority of IgG1-secreting clones arise independently from
      precursors of cells that secrete IgG3. Taken together, these results indicate
      that BCDF gamma directs differentiation of activated B cells to IgG1 secretion.

PMID- 6439817
TI  - Glutaraldehyde fixation of sodium transport in dog red blood cells.
AB  - The large increase in passive Na flux that occurs when dog red blood cells are
      caused to shrink is amiloride sensitive and inhibited when Cl is replaced by
      nitrate or thiocyanate. Activation and deactivation of this transport pathway by
      manipulation of cell volume is reversible. Brief treatment of the cells with 0.01
      0.03% glutaraldehyde can cause the shrinkage-activated transporter to become
      irreversibly activated or inactivated, depending on the volume of the cells at
      the time of glutaraldehyde exposure. Thus, if glutaraldehyde is applied when the
      cells are shrunken, the amiloride-sensitive Na transporter is activated and
      remains so regardless of subsequent alterations in cell volume. If the fixative
      is applied to swollen cells, no amount of subsequent shrinkage will turn on the
      Na pathway. In its fixed state, the activated transporter is fully amiloride
      sensitive, but it is no longer inhibited when Cl is replaced by thiocyanate. The
      action of glutaraldehyde thus allows one to dissect the response to cell
      shrinkage into two phases. Activation of the pathway is affected by anions and is
      not prevented by amiloride. Once activated and fixed, the anion requirement
      disappears. Amiloride inhibits movement of Na through the activated transporter.
      These experiments demonstrate how a chemical cross-linking agent may be used to
      study the functional properties of a regulable transport pathway.

PMID- 6439818
TI  - Initiation of antibiotic production by the stringent response of Bacillus
      subtilis Marburg.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis Marburg was found to produce an appreciable amount of an
      antibiotic in a synthetic medium. Antibiotic activity was produced in parallel
      with cell growth, and production stopped at the end of exponential growth. When
      the synthetic medium was supplemented with a small amount of Casamino acids,
      however, antibiotic was made only at the end of growth and in lesser amounts. The
      ability of cells to produce the antibiotic increased when stringent (rel+ = wild
      type) cells underwent a partial stringent response. These conditions also
      initiated extensive sporulation. An isogenic relaxed (rel) strain produced little
      antibiotic activity, which decreased under partial amino acid deprivation. In
      rel+ cells, the addition of a low concentration of chloramphenicol, which reduces
      ppGpp synthesis, also reduced antibiotic synthesis in both normal and amino acid
      starved bacteria, without appreciably affecting their growth rate. Guanosine
      starvation of a gua mutant initiated sporulation, but decreased antibiotic
      production. The results show that the stringent response initiates both
      sporulation (differentiation) and antibiotic production (secondary metabolism),
      but by different mechanisms. It appears that sporulation results from a decrease
      of GTP, whereas antibiotic synthesis results from a different effect of the
      stringent response.

PMID- 6439819
TI  - The effect of temperature on the synthesis and assembly of proticine 3 particles
      by Proteus mirabilis.
AB  - Proteus mirabilis CW977 produced high yields of the bacteriocin proticine 3 upon
      mitomycin C induction of cultures growing at 30 degrees C. The proticine was
      purified and found to have a relative density of 1.299 and to be composed of 10
      proteins assembled into structures resembling contractile phage tails. When
      induction was performed at 41 degrees C neither proticine particles nor proticine
      activity was detected, although the growth rate of cells and degree of lysis were
      indistinguishable from that at 30 degrees C. Failure in proticine production was
      due to a 41 degrees C sensitive stage occurring between 60 and 90 min after the
      addition of mitomycin C. During this period at 30 degrees C, two proteins of mol.
      wt 58 000 and 41 000 were formed. These proteins were associated with events
      leading to the formation of proticine particles with biological activity. When
      the production of both proteins was prevented either by chloramphenicol or as a
      result of mutation or through sampling before they were formed, no proticine
      particles were found nor proticine activity detected. The synthesis of both
      proteins was also inhibited at 41 degrees C. Co-electrophoresis of the labelled
      proteins with unlabelled purified proticine confirmed that the protein of mol. wt
      58 000 was a proticine structural protein. The protein of mol. wt 41 000 was not
      a structural component of proticine and its role, if any, in proticine 3
      production is possibly that of an assembly protein.

PMID- 6439820
TI  - In vitro replication of scrapie agent in a neuronal model: infection of PC12
      cells.
AB  - A rat phaeochromocytoma cell line, termed PC12, was used to study scrapie
      replication. These cells, in response to the addition of nerve growth factor
      (NGF), exhibit a number of neuronal properties including morphological
      differentiation, electrophysiological responsiveness, and neurotransmitter
      synthesis. Cultures were exposed to scrapie brain homogenate (strain 139A),
      harvested every week for up to 6 weeks, and assayed for scrapie infectivity.
      Scrapie replication in vitro was monitored by injecting scrapie agent-exposed NGF
      treated PC12 cells into mice and measuring time intervals from injection to onset
      of clinical symptoms. Mouse incubation periods vary inversely with the amount of
      scrapie infectivity present. Cells harvested at 7 and 14 days after exposure to
      scrapie agent showed a decrease in the level of infectivity followed by an
      increase at subsequent time points. The increase in scrapie infectivity from
      early to late time intervals after agent exposure clearly indicated replication
      in vitro. A fusion agent was not necessary to establish infection, and the
      addition of mouse peritoneal macrophages caused a reduction in the yield of
      infectivity per culture. Examination of cells by phase-contrast microscopy failed
      to reveal any cytopathology.

PMID- 6439821
TI  - Aetiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in adults in Kenya.
AB  - Markers for acute hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis
      non-A, non-B (HNANB) infections were examined in the sera of 94 patients
      presenting with acute hepatitis in Kenya. Hepatitis B virus was responsible for
      70% of cases, HNANB for 18%, and HAV for only 12%. The use of an IgM anti-HBc
      assay increased the rate of diagnosis of acute HBV infection, thereby reducing
      the proportion of cases designated as NANB.

PMID- 6439822
TI  - Intracytoplasmic inclusions in human hepatocytes in non-A, non-B hepatitis: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - An ultrastructural study was carried out on 114 liver biopsies obtained for
      diagnostic purposes from patients with various pathological disorders of the
      liver including hepatitis B-related liver disease, non-A, non-B hepatitis,
      alcoholic liver disease, fatty change, and cryptogenic cirrhosis. The opportunity
      was taken to evaluate the significance of intracytoplasmic crystalline structures
      found in the hepatocytes of nine patients with a variety of liver disorders. The
      cytoplasmic inclusions varied in size up to 2 microns in length and shape and
      were not limited by membranes. The presence of these inclusions cannot, however,
      be correlated either specifically with non-A, non-B hepatitis or with other known
      nonviral liver disease. The functional, physiological, and pathological
      significance of the crystalline structures remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6439823
TI  - Home setting to play greater role in medical care.

PMID- 6439824
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a double-blind crossover trial of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone.
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial was conducted of thyrotropin releasing hormone
      treatment in six patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Patients received 4
      mg of thyrotropin releasing hormone intramuscularly daily during the two-week
      treatment period. Although three patients reported subjective improvement,
      objective evaluation failed to demonstrate therapeutic effectiveness of
      thyrotropin releasing hormone in this dosage.

PMID- 6439825
TI  - Late seizures in patients with internal carotid and middle cerebral artery
      occlusive disease following ischaemic events.
AB  - The occurrence of post-infarction epilepsy was investigated in 68 patients with
      angiographically proven internal carotid artery occlusion and in 56 patients with
      middle cerebral artery occlusion. Epileptic seizures occurred during follow-up in
      9% of the carotid artery group and in 21.4% of the middle cerebral artery group.
      The different incidence of seizures in the two groups was statistically
      significant. The physiopathological mechanism of the late post-infarction
      epilepsy is discussed.

PMID- 6439826
TI  - Cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

PMID- 6439827
TI  - Periodic EEG pattern in meningovascular syphilis.

PMID- 6439828
TI  - A preliminary Phase I trial of partially purified interferon-gamma in patients
      with cancer.
AB  - Thirty-three patients were treated in an escalating single-dose trial of
      partially purified nonrecombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The first seven
      patients received intramuscular injections of IFN-gamma in doses up to 20 X 10(6)
      units/m2. When it became clear that these patients had no detectable antiviral
      activity in their serum, subsequent patients were treated by the intravenous
      route of administration, generally with 2-h infusions. A total of 26 patients
      received the agent intravenously in single escalating doses ranging from 0.2 to
      60 X 10(6) units/m2, on a twice-weekly schedule for 4-6 weeks. The most common
      toxicities encountered included fever, chills, fatigue, anorexia, and occasional
      nausea and vomiting. No myelosuppression or hepatic toxicity was observed. A
      maximum tolerated dose for single-dose intravenous administration was defined as
      50 X 10(6) units/m2 on the basis of unacceptable fatigue and prolonged systolic
      hypotension. Antiviral activity was detected in the serum following doses greater
      than 2 X 10(6) units/m2 when the IFN-gamma was administered intravenously. No
      evidence of antitumor activity was seen in this Phase I trial, although the
      treatment regimen employed did not lead to high or prolonged levels of serum IFN
      activity in the majority of patients. An accurate assessment of the antitumor
      activity of this particular IFN-gamma preparation will require Phase II trials
      employing multiple-treatment regimens.

PMID- 6439829
TI  - Interferon-alpha and -gamma promote myeloid differentiation of HL-60, a human
      acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line.
AB  - Two different preparations of ultrapurified interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)
      (lymphoblastoid and peripheral blood leukocyte) and one of IFN-gamma were tested
      for their ability to induce terminal differentiation and alter cell growth in
      three human leukemia cell lines of different hematological origin (HL-60, K562,
      U937). Cell lines were cultured for 9 days in the presence of 500 units/ml of
      either IFN-alpha or of IFN-gamma. Cell counts and stained differentials were made
      on days 3, 6, and 9 to assess the effects of IFN. A marked heterogeneity of
      response was found, not only among cell lines, but among the IFNs tested. The
      most striking morphological changes were noted in the HL-60 acute promyelocytic
      leukemia cell line. All three IFNs tested induced significant myeloid maturation,
      with increased numbers of terminally differentiated myelocytes and metamyelocytes
      seen as early as day 3 of culture. The feasibility of using IFNs as an adjunctive
      or alternative therapy for the treatment of some types of leukemias is discussed.

PMID- 6439830
TI  - Protective effect of muramyl dipeptide analogs in combination with trehalose
      dimycolate against aerogenic influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      infections in mice.
AB  - The effects of two aminobutyryl and four seryl analogs of the synthetic muramyl
      dipeptide (MDP) against aerosol infections with influenza virus and Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis were studied. Regardless of the MDP analog employed, there was no
      evidence that the resistance against viral and bacterial aerosol infections was
      enhanced in the treated mice. In parallel studies, significant protection against
      influenza virus and M. tuberculosis infections was induced by the combination of
      MDP or analogs with the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose dimycolate (TDM).
      Resistance conferred by the MDP + TDM combination against influenza virus was
      present 1 week after pretreatment and could be abrogated by macrophage inhibitory
      agents silica, dextran sulfate, and carrageenan. Splenic cells from MDP + TDM
      pretreated animals generated markedly enhanced levels of luminol-dependent
      chemiluminescence in response to influenza A and B viruses.

PMID- 6439831
TI  - Multiple axon terminals in reinnervated Pacinian corpuscles of adult rat.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles localized beneath the crural
      interosseous membrane was examined two weeks to 18 months after crushing the
      sciatic nerve in adult rats. The Pacinian inner core and capsule remained
      preserved during the transient period of denervation. Regenerating axons reached
      Pacinian corpuscles approximately three weeks after nerve crush. Up to 15 axonal
      sprouts entered a single corpuscle at the initial stage of reinnervation, but
      only 1-3 axons increased in size, myelinated and formed axon terminals in the
      inner core, the excess sprouts being eliminated. Most corpuscles of the crural
      group were reinnervated by the end of the first month. Three to 19 months after
      nerve crush, 10% of corpuscles examined were found to be monoaxonal and
      monoterminal as before the operation; 74% contained multiple terminals; 16%
      remained denervated. Over half the multiterminal corpuscles were supplied with a
      single myelinated axon that branched inside the corpuscles; the rest received two
      or three myelinated axons which formed several terminals. The terminals were
      distributed at random, usually in the axial region between the lamellae of the
      inner core. They were cylindrical, with an oval profile; the larger terminals
      were filled with mitochondria and microtubules at their circumference and
      contained a core of neurofilaments. Lateral processes of the terminals were
      filled with vesicles and had membrane specializations as in normal corpuscles.
      The mean number of terminals in reinnervated corpuscles was 4.07 +/- 0.37
      (S.E.M.) at three months, and 3.26 +/- 0.49 (S.E.M.) 6-18 months after nerve
      crush. This small decrease was apparently the result of degeneration occasionally
      observed in some axon terminals at later stages of reinnervation. These
      experiments thus demonstrate that most rat Pacinian corpuscles become
      reinnervated with multiple terminals after nerve injury and maintain
      multiterminal innervation permanently.

PMID- 6439832
TI  - Systemic acid-base disorders and intestinal electrolyte transport.

PMID- 6439833
TI  - Measuring and manipulating cytosolic Ca2+ with trapped indicators.

PMID- 6439834
TI  - Therapeutic response of absence seizures in patients of an epilepsy clinic for
      adolescents and adults.
AB  - Responses of seizures to therapy is one of the most important prognostic factors
      in epilepsy. Absences are among the seizure types with a good response to
      antiepileptic drug treatment and, usually, remission before adult age. Absence
      patients attending an epilepsy clinic for adults can be expected to represent a
      group with negative bias because they have not yet remitted. Furthermore, the
      majority have additional generalized tonic-clonic seizures, which is a recognized
      negative factor in prognosis. We studied 229 adolescents and adults who were
      under our care for at least 2 years, and divided them into three groups according
      to their becoming absence free for at least 1 year: (1) responders to simple
      therapy (one anti-absence drug in doses not exceeding 2 g/day); (2) responders to
      complex therapy (one anti-absence drug in higher dose or combination of anti
      absence drugs); (3) non-responders. Groups 1 and 2 can be considered jointly as
      responders as opposed to the non-responder group. Similarly, groups 2 and 3 can
      be considered jointly as a group with poor as opposed to good therapeutic
      response. It was found that significant differences exist between good and poor
      responders, and 15 factors which had a negative effect on therapeutic response
      could be identified. No single factor or combination was responsible for non
      response, but non-responders had the highest score of negative factors. Patients
      with complete absence control had a 93% chance of total seizure control, and,
      with constant medication, relapses after 1 year of control were very
      infrequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439835
TI  - Comparison of 5-fluorouracil with ftorafur in adjuvant chemotherapies with
      combined inductive and maintenance therapies for gastric cancer.
AB  - A group of 243 patients with gastric cancer was subjected to a prospective
      randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative gastrectomy. One of the
      three arms (regimen A) is induction therapy with a three-drug combination of
      mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C)
      followed by intermittent oral administration of 5-FU for two years (MFC + F). In
      regimen B, 5-FU in regimen A is replaced by ftorafur, administered on the same
      schedule as regimen A (MF'C + F'). Regimen C is the control, in which patients
      are treated by surgery alone. Regimen A was proven effective for the suppression
      of relapse in the limited groups of moderately locally advanced cancer; five-year
      survival rates of the subset of stages I, II, and III were 72.1% with regimen A
      and 53.1% with regimen C (P less than .05). Regimen B yielded a better survival
      than the control, although the difference did not reach statistical significance.
      The results seem to favor 5-FU as adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

PMID- 6439836
TI  - An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluation of combinations of methyl-CCNU,
      mitomycin C, Adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil in advanced measurable gastric cancer
      (EST 2277).
AB  - In a prospectively randomized trial, patients with advanced locally recurrent or
      metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive 5-fluorouracil (5
      FU) and methyl-CCNU; 5-FU, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio), and
      methyl-CCNU; 5-FU, Adriamycin, and mitomycin C; or Adriamycin and mitomycin C
      alone. One hundred eighty-three previously untreated evaluable patients were
      randomized among the four arms. An additional 39 patients previously treated with
      5-FU, were assigned to treatment directly to Adriamycin and mitomycin C. Response
      rates were 14%, 29%, 39%, and 29%, respectively, among previously untreated
      patients and 21% for Adriamycin and mitomycin C among previously treated
      patients. 5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and mitomycin C, the arm containing the
      largest number of responders (18), was the combination associated with the
      longest median survival. A larger proportion of patients in this arm survived one
      year or more. In addition, the 5-FU, Adriamycin, and mitomycin C program had the
      lowest rate of severe or worse toxicity of any of the treatments and was
      effective in patients who were less than fully ambulatory and in those who had
      lost weight. 5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and mitomycin C appear to be a likely
      combination to be considered in a surgical adjuvant program.

PMID- 6439837
TI  - Hepatic artery ligation and portal vein infusion for liver metastases from colon
      cancer.
AB  - Localized treatment of liver metastases from colon cancer has yielded better
      results than has systemic therapy. We report 19 patients with metastatic colon
      cancer whose bulk disease was limited to the liver, but was not amenable to
      surgical resection. Many of these patients had poor prognostic features: 14 had
      greater than 30% replacement of the liver, five had poorly differentiated tumor,
      and five had previously failed to respond to systemic chemotherapy. All were
      treated with hepatic artery ligation and portal vein infusion of chemotherapy
      (mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil). Two patients (10%) died within one month
      postoperatively. The remaining 17 patients all improved clinically and
      demonstrated a marked decrease in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Based on
      follow-up physical exam, liver function tests, computed tomographic scan, and/or
      laparotomy, there were two complete responses, ten partial responses, four
      improved, and one indeterminate, for an objective response rate of 63%. Median
      survival of all patients was 13 months after hepatic artery ligation, and 14
      months after diagnosis of liver metastases, with four patients still alive at
      13+, 16+, 41+, and 61+ months after hepatic artery ligation. We believe that this
      form of therapy is an effective, well-tolerated alternative for patients with
      unresectable liver metastases.

PMID- 6439838
TI  - Contribution of computerized tomography to the study of spheno-orbital dysplasia
      in neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6439839
TI  - Nonmigration of indium-111-labeled leukocytes into healing sterile incisions in
      rats.

PMID- 6439840
TI  - Susceptibility of Kintoki bean lectin to digestive enzymes in vitro and its
      behavior in the digestive organs of mouse in vivo.
AB  - The enzymatic digestion of a Kintoki bean lectin in vitro resulted in neither the
      extensive hydrolysis nor complete inactivation of the lectin. The majority of
      [3H]lectin administered to mice by stomach-intubation was found in the digestive
      tract at levels of 88.7%, 99.4%, 99.5% and 78.6%, after 0.5, 2, 5 and 24h of
      intubation, respectively. Twenty to forty percent of the administered
      radioactivity was found combined with the mucosa of the small intestine. After 24
      h of intubation, part of the radioactivity was found in the feces. The recovery
      test of hemagglutinating activity and the molecular weight determination of the
      lectin administered to and recovered from mice revealed that more than 70% of the
      radioactivity detected in the digestive tract represented intact lectin.
      Therefore, it was concluded that most of the Kintoki bean lectin survived its
      passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The lectin-binding sites in the
      intestinal mucosa were traced with fluorescence microscopy using the lectin
      conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluorescent sites were found
      located at the top and upper sites of the villi, but not at the crypt.

PMID- 6439841
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of work-site blood pressure control programs.
AB  - The cost-effectiveness of work-site hypertension programs was examined at three
      manufacturing plants. A fourth plant was used as a control site to estimate
      expected levels of hypertension control from screening without further
      intervention. The annual cost per hypertensive employee of the three intervention
      programs was $26.26 for semiannual follow-up, $35 for full follow-up, and $96.19
      for on-site treatment. Each intervention resulted in an additional 1% of
      hypertensive employees maintained under control, per dollar spent annually, with
      the highest cost per unit of effectiveness being incurred for free on-site
      treatment. Cost-effectiveness may vary considerably, however, depending on the
      additional costs a company may incur as a result of program adoption.

PMID- 6439842
TI  - Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: analysis by fluorescein-conjugated plant
      lectins of surface saccharides of cloned variant antigen types differing in
      infectivity for mice.
AB  - Surface saccharides of 4 cloned VATs (variant antigen types) of Trypanosoma
      (Nannomonas) congolense, AmNats (Amherst Nannomonas antigen types) 1.1, 1.2, 2.1,
      and 3.1, derived from 3 different stocks, were compared by fluorescein
      conjugated, plant lectins using a quantitative fluorescence method. It was
      ascertained by the ID63 assay that the 4 AmNats differed in their infectivity for
      mice. The lectins employed for AmNats 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1 were concanavalin A (Con
      A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), garden pea agglutinin
      (GPA), and gorse seed (Ulex europaeus) agglutinin (UEA). In view of the results
      obtained with these 3 AmNats, only Con A, WGA, and GPA were used with AmNat 1.2,
      which was isolated after the lectin analyses of the other cloned VATs were
      completed. On the basis of experimental results, we concluded that the amounts of
      saccharide residues binding the several lectins differed among the 4 AmNats. In
      each instance, the reaction specificity was controlled by inclusion of an
      appropriate sugar in the incubation mixture. Although the actual numbers of
      various specific lectin-binding sites differed among the AmNats 1.1, 2.1, and
      3.1, all of them were found to have the following sugars on their surfaces: alpha
      D-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose, and alpha-L
      fucose. AmNat 1.2 treated with Con A, WGA, and GPA only had the first 2 sugars
      named above and alpha-D-glucose residues. The results of the ID63 assay indicated
      AmNats 1.1 and 2.1 to be significantly more infective for mice than AmNats 1.2
      and 3.1. The lectin analysis revealed that the 2, more infective, cloned VATs
      incubated with Con A or WGA emitted significantly (approximately 39% to
      approximately 62%) more fluorescence than the less infective ones. Thus there
      were significantly more numerous Con A and WGA binding sites on the more
      infective AmNats. The situation was reversed with regard to GPA. Upon treatment
      with this lectin, fluorescence emitted by AmNats 1.1 and 2.1 was significantly
      (approximately 56% to approximately 81%) lower than that recorded for the less
      infective AmNats 1.2 and 3.1. In light of our results, infectivity of T.
      congolense cloned VATs was correlated with the presence of higher numbers of
      alpha-D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues and of lower numbers of alpha
      D-glucose residues on the surface of the bloodstream trypanosomes. There appeared
      to be no correlation between infectivity and the numbers of D-galactose and alpha
      L-fucose residues present on these parasites.

PMID- 6439843
TI  - Lectin binding to cystic stages of Taenia taeniaeformis.
AB  - Studies of membrane glycoconjugates of Taenia taeniaeformis were initiated by
      assays of the lectin binding characteristics of 35-day-old cysticerci. Parasites
      fixed in glutaraldehyde were incubated with one of the following FITC-labelled
      lectins: Concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Ricinus
      communis agglutinin (RCA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), fucose binding protein (FBP)
      and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and either their specific or a nonspecific sugar.
      Ultraviolet microscopy revealed that only Con A and LCA bound in large amounts to
      the surface of cysticerci. This binding was partly inhibited by the specific
      sugar, but the nonspecific sugar had little effect. The lectin not removed by
      either of the sugars may have been bound nonspecifically to the charged
      glycocalyx. Lectins were primarily bound on the anterior third of the parasite
      around the scolex invagination. Kinetic studies of lectin interactions were
      carried out with LCA and RCA by spectrophotofluorometric analysis of the amount
      bound specifically or nonspecifically over a range of lectin concentrations. Lens
      culinaris lectin binding was found to be specific and involve 2 receptors which
      showed large differences in their affinity for lectin and prevalence on the
      surface. Ricinus communis lectin did not bind specifically but nonspecific
      interactions were observed. Adherence of small numbers of host cells was shown to
      have no measurable effect on the lectin binding characteristics. The results
      suggest that the major surface carbohydrates exposed are D-mannose and/or D
      glucose residues with the other sugar groups poorly represented. This relatively
      homogeneous surface may have implications for the antigenicity of the parasite in
      its host.

PMID- 6439844
TI  - The IsTaR 1 serodeme of Trypanosoma brucei: development of a new serodeme.
AB  - An extensive serodeme of sequentially-isolated antigenic variants of African
      trypanosomes has been produced from both syringe-passaged and cyclically
      transmitted Trypanosoma brucei of the IsTaR 1 clone derived from EATRO 164. The
      majority of the antigenic variants were isolated from chronically-infected deer
      mice (Peromyscus leucopus). The pattern of parasitemias during the course of
      infections initiated with syringe-passaged trypanosomes differed from those
      initiated with cyclically-transmitted trypanosomes. Trypanosome populations from
      syringe-passaged (192) and cyclically-transmitted (31) clones were each amplified
      by growth in lethally-irradiated mice and cryopreserved for retrospective
      analysis. Five clones derived from a single deer mouse during the first 44 days
      of infection, and 2 clones derived from an acutely-infected rat were established
      from these amplified populations. Homogeneous populations were grown in lethally
      irradiated rats and mice for antigenic analysis purification of variant-specific
      glycoprotein. Six of the 7 clones were distinct variants by immunological
      criteria using antisera derived from whole cells or purified surface
      glycoproteins. Two clones, one derived from the acutely-infected rat, and the
      other from the first parasitemia in a chronic infection that was initiated with
      the former clone, were immunologically identical. Production of these clones
      established a well-defined serodeme that will allow detailed analysis of
      antigenic variation.

PMID- 6439845
TI  - Corpus Christi strain-induced protection to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in
      C3H(He) mice: effective dose, time, route, and number of vaccinations.
AB  - The study of the parameters affecting Corpus Christi strain-induced protection in
      C3H(He) mice against Brazil strain T. cruzi infection is reported herein. A dose
      of 10(7) Corpus Christi epimastigotes was found to be the most effective dose for
      protection. Vaccination of mice 5 days to 11 wk prior to infection was determined
      to be the optimal time interval for protection. The subcutaneous route for
      vaccination and infection provides the most effective protection to experimental
      animals. Multiple inoculations with Corpus Christi, whether live or freeze
      thawed, increased the protective effect only slightly. The Corpus Christi strain
      of T. cruzi has proved to be quite suitable in providing protection to highly
      susceptible C3H(He) mice against an infection with the virulent Brazil strain of
      T. cruzi.

PMID- 6439846
TI  - Corpus Christi strain-induced protection to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in
      C3H(He) mice: transfer of resistance to Brazil strain challenge with lymphocytes.
AB  - Treatment of susceptible C3H(He) mice with 10(7) live Corpus Christi strain
      culture-derived Trypanosoma cruzi provided protection against a subsequent Brazil
      strain challenge. This protection was indicated by a greater than 10-fold
      decrease in parasitemia and an increase in longevity (including survival) in many
      groups. The Corpus Christi organisms were unable to establish an apparent
      infection, but viability is an important element in the treatment in that freeze
      thawed, non-viable preparations of the Corpus Christi strain were unable to
      provide protection. Adoptive transfer of resistance was achieved with spleen
      cells from Corpus Christi-treated, Brazil-infected mice which had recovered from
      the acute phase of infection. The T cell-depleted population of these spleen
      cells was able to transfer resistance whereas the T cell-enriched population was
      not protective. Passive transfer of serum from Corpus Christi-treated and Brazil
      infected mice provided a temporary decrease in parasitemia in infected mice. The
      results presented herein suggest that Corpus Christi-induced protection to
      virulent T. cruzi challenge is mediated by antibody mechanisms.

PMID- 6439847
TI  - Bone marrow eosinophil levels in Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice.

PMID- 6439848
TI  - Identification of antigens of culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma
      rangeli recognized by sera from patients with chronic Chagas' disease.

PMID- 6439849
TI  - A rapid method to select Rhipicephalus appendiculatus salivary glands infected
      with Theileria parva.

PMID- 6439850
TI  - [The effect of sodium valproate on GABA levels in the rat brain].

PMID- 6439851
TI  - Absorption of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide citrate
      (DN-1417), an analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, in rats and dogs.
AB  - Plasma levels of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide
      citrate (DN-1417), an analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, were determined by
      a radioimmunoassay after oral or intravenous administration in rats and dogs. A
      pharmacokinetic analysis after intravenous injection revealed biphasic
      elimination of the plasma concentration following a two compartment open model
      with half lives in alpha-phase of 2.0 min and beta-phase of 19.2 min in rats, and
      half lives in alpha-phase of 4.0 min and beta-phase of 33.0 min in dogs. Absolute
      bioavailabilities when administered orally the solution of DN-1417 after 24 h
      fasting in rats and dogs were 1 and 10%, respectively. The bioavailability was
      observed to be unchanged at the dose up to 500 mg/kg in rats and at the dose up
      to 100 mg/dog in dogs. Thus, the absorption of DN-1417 in rats and dogs was
      proportional to the dose. On the other hand, the absolute bioavailabilities after
      meal in dogs were 7.9% at the dose of 20 mg/dog and 7.2% at the dose of 2 mg/dog,
      whereas in the 24 h fasting condition they were 15.7 and 12.0%, respectively,
      showing the decrease in absorption with food ingestion. These phenomena are
      somewhat different from the absorption of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 6439852
TI  - Cardiac inotropic responses from changes in carbon dioxide tension in the
      cephalic circulation of anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - Experiments were performed on anaesthetized dogs to determine the effects of
      moderate changes in PCO2 in the cephalic circulation on the inotropic state of
      the heart and on the reflex inotropic responses from changes in carotid sinus
      pressure. The cephalic circulation was perfused, through the brachiocephalic and
      left subclavian arteries, with blood taken from the superior vena cava and
      equilibrated with various gas mixtures in a gas exchange unit. The carotid sinus
      regions were vascularly isolated and perfused with arterial blood at controlled
      pressures. Cardiac inotropic responses were assessed from the maximum rate of
      change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) with heart rate and mean aortic
      pressure held constant. An increase in cephalic blood PCO2 resulted in an
      increase in dP/dtmax and an increase in the unpaced heart rate. Small, graded
      changes in cephalic PCO2 resulted in graded responses of dP/dtmax. A change in
      carotid sinus pressure resulted in a significantly greater response of dP/dtmax
      when cephalic PCO2 was high. After interruption of the left cardiac sympathetic
      nerves, the responses of dP/dtmax to changes in cephalic PCO2 and carotid sinus
      pressure were nearly abolished. These results indicate that the tension of carbon
      dioxide in the cephalic circulation is likely to be of importance in the control
      of the inotropic state of the heart. They also imply that, in studies of
      cardiovascular reflex responses, it is important to control the carbon dioxide
      tension in the arterial blood.

PMID- 6439853
TI  - Preliminary investigation of a method for disinfection of dental impressions.

PMID- 6439854
TI  - Biological markers in major psychosis and alcoholism: phenotypic and genotypic
      markers.
AB  - Some basic concepts and trends which appear to be essential in the search for
      biological markers in mental disorders are discussed. Comments related to major
      psychosis and alcoholism are presented under three headings: (i) heterogeneity of
      disorders (ii) multifactoriality of disorders and (iii) mental disorders as
      genetically influenced disorders. Tentative classification and terminology of
      biological markers are given. Various types of phenotypic markers are discussed
      and alcoholism is taken as a model for a more detailed discussion of available
      putative phenotypic markers and of research strategies to be used, namely the
      pharmacological challenge in high risk subjects (e.g. ethanol and TRH challenge).
      Some highlights from the field of DNA markers are described, mainly the basic
      procedures which may be used to investigate genetic aspects of mental disorders
      by recombinant DNA technology.

PMID- 6439855
TI  - Description of Sarcocystis falcatula stiles, 1893, a parasite of birds and
      opossums.
AB  - Sarcocystis falcatula Stiles, 1893 is re-described. Intermediate hosts of the
      parasite which was earlier described as Sarcocystis debonei Vogelsang, 1929 are
      species of passeriform, psittaciform, and columbiform birds. In these birds,
      muscle zoites are 6.88 X 2.19 (4.8-8.4 X 1.2-3.6) micron and are enclosed in a
      cyst wall with regular protrusions, 1-5 micron long. The convoluted primary wall
      has multiple thin areas in the osmiophilic layer. Microtubules originate in the
      ground substance and extend to the tips of the protrusions. The only known
      definitive host is the opossum, Didelphis virginiana; rats, cats, a dog, and a
      ferret could not be infected from muscle cysts. Sporocysts from opossums infected
      from five different infected avian sources measure 11.2 X 7.4 (9.6-12.0 X 6.0
      8.4) micron.

PMID- 6439856
TI  - Nonvariant antigens limited to bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and
      Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
AB  - The presence of nonvariant antigens (NVAs) limited to bloodstream forms of
      Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was demonstrated for
      the first time by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Noncloned and cloned
      populations were employed in preparation of polyclonal antisera in rabbits and of
      antigens to be used in the immunologic reactions. The NVAs could be shown best in
      systems in which hyperimmune rabbit sera (adsorbed with procyclic forms to
      eliminate antibodies against antigens common to bloodstream form and procyclic
      stages) were reacted with trypanosomes characterized by heterologous variant
      specific antigens (VSAs). The NVAs demonstrated in this study are very likely
      different from the common parts of VSAs. As has been suggested by experiments
      with living trypanosomes, at least a part of the NVAs appears to be located on
      the surface of the bloodstream forms. In these experiments involving the
      quantitative indirect fluorescent antibody test, the amount of fluorescence
      recorded for the heterologous system, i.e. ETat 5 trypanosomes incubated with
      anti-AmTat 1.1 serum, equalled approximately 3.0% of the fluorescence emitted by
      the AmTat 1.1 bloodstream forms treated with their homologous antiserum.
      Evidently, only small amounts of NVAs are present on the surfaces of T. brucei
      bloodstream forms. In addition to the NVAs, the electrophoresis results suggested
      the presence of antigenic differences between procyclic stages belonging to
      different T. brucei stocks.

PMID- 6439857
TI  - Protective immunity to Sarcocystis capracanis-induced abortion in dairy goats.
AB  - Eleven female goats (Nos. 1 to 11) were each inoculated orally with 10(4)
      sporocysts of Sarcocystis capracanis, and four female goats (Nos. 12 to 15) were
      not inoculated. Between 31 and 69 days after inoculation (DAI) goats were mated
      with a single buck; one goat (No. 5) did not breed. Eight inoculated goats were
      challenged with 10(5) or 10(6) sporocysts, 135 DAI. Two of four goats challenged
      with 10(6) sporocysts and one of three goats challenged with 10(5) sporocysts
      aborted one month before the expected time of parturition. The three inoculated
      goats that were not challenged delivered healthy kids. All inoculated goats
      including the nonpregnant one (No. 5) were only mildly ill from the primary or
      challenge inoculations. Two of the four control goats challenged with 5 X 10(4)
      or 10(5) sporocysts aborted 21 days later, and both died of sarcocystosis 25 and
      88 DAI. The two remaining control goats delivered normal kids. The results
      indicate that immunization prior to pregnancy protects some but not all goats
      from Sarcocystis-induced abortion.

PMID- 6439858
TI  - The role of birds as definitive hosts and intermediate hosts of heteroxenous
      coccidians.
AB  - Sarcocystis-like oocysts-sporocysts were found in four species of owls (Asio
      otus, Bubo bubo, Strix aluco, and Tyto alba) and in five species of predatory
      birds (Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Circus aeruginosus,
      Falco tinnunculus). In addition, the muscles of 15 of 41 (36.5%) pheasants
      (Phasianus colchicus) and one of two jays (Garrulus glandarius) were found to
      harbor three types of Sarcocystis. Three of 15 (20%) infected pheasants had type
      I cystozoites (6-8 X 2 microns) in muscle homogenates, but sarcocysts were not
      seen whereas the other 12 infected pheasants had type II cystozoites (16 X 2-3
      microns) and sarcocysts (90 X 600 microns) in their muscles. The one infected jay
      had type III cystozoites (8-10.5 X 2.5-3 microns) and sarcocysts (35-40 X greater
      than 770 microns) in its muscles.

PMID- 6439859
TI  - Besnoitia darlingi (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae, Toxoplasmatinae): transmission
      between opossums and cats.
AB  - Opossums (Didelphis marsupialis), act as intermediate hosts for Besnoitia
      darlingi and could be infected orally with sporozoites (oocysts) and bradyzoites
      (tissue cysts), or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites. Infections could
      presumably be transmitted through cannibalism. Cats (Felis catus), the definitive
      host, could be infected only with bradyzoites but not sporozoites. Oocysts shed
      by cats measure about 12 X 12 microns, resemble similarly sized oocysts of
      Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi, and must be differentiated by the
      appearance of tissue cysts after experimental infection of intermediate hosts.
      Cats did not form tissue cysts of B. darlingi. Tachyzoites from the related B.
      jellisoni could be used in the Sabin-Feldman dye test to determine the
      development of antibody to B. darlingi in opossums after infection.

PMID- 6439860
TI  - Theoretical considerations in applying benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness
      analyses to preventive dental programs.
AB  - Benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis can be used to evaluate
      preventive regimens and aid policy-makers in making resource-allocation
      decisions. This paper demonstrates the application of benefit-cost and cost
      effectiveness analyses to preventive dental programs. The two analyses are
      defined and described, and the purpose of each technic is compared. For a
      hypothetical community, four dental preventive programs are described: community
      water fluoridation, school water fluoridation, weekly school-based mouthrinses,
      and school-based sealants. Benefit-cost ratios and cost-effectiveness ratios are
      calculated for each program first assuming steady-state conditions, i.e., maximum
      caries reduction, and then for a 20-year period. Both explicit and implicit costs
      are included. Underlying assumptions and limitations, as well as the effects of
      changes in caries rates, differential attack rates, and discount rates on the
      outcome, are discussed. The analysis reveals that community water fluoridation
      yields the greatest net benefits and most favorable B/C and C/E ratios. School
      water fluoridation and mouthrinsing programs are the next most cost-effective,
      with similar B/C and C/E ratios when the implicit cost of teachers' time is
      omitted from the calculations. The school-based sealant program yields negative
      net benefits.

PMID- 6439861
TI  - Relationship between testicular inhibin content and serum FSH concentrations in
      rats after bilateral efferent duct ligation.
AB  - The testicular inhibin content showed an initial increase in the first 2-3 days
      after bilateral ligation of the efferent ducts of rats, followed by a subsequent
      decline to levels significantly below normal by 14 days, and reached 25% of
      control values at 42 days. Serum concentrations of FSH and LH were significantly
      increased at Day 6-7 after treatment and were still elevated after 42 days. The
      decline in testicular inhibin content at times associated with elevated FSH
      concentrations is consistent with the hypothesis of inhibin being involved in the
      feedback control of FSH secretion.

PMID- 6439862
TI  - Effect of an LHRH agonist on pituitary and testicular function in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Male rhesus monkeys were given 100 micrograms [(imBzl)-D-His6,Pro9-NEt]-LHRH
      (LHRH-A), a potent LHRH agonist, s.c. daily for 40 weeks. The first dose of LHRH
      A caused acute increases (2-4 h after injection) in serum LH (50-fold), FSH (2 X
      5-fold) and testosterone (15-fold) concentrations. Chronic treatment led to a 95%
      decrease in LH and FSH responses. In spite of a marked decrease in LH response
      the effect on testosterone response was less evident. Administration of 50 i.u.
      hCG to control and LHRH-A-treated animals showed that the testicular
      steroidogenic response was unimpaired by the chronic treatment. Evaluation of the
      electroejaculated semen at regular intervals showed that there was no consistent
      reduction in the sperm count of LHRH-A-treated monkeys. Testicular biopsies
      showed that normal spermatogenesis was occurring in all treated animals, but
      testicular volume was significantly decreased. These results suggest that, in
      rhesus monkeys, the pituitary is more susceptible to desensitization by chronic
      LHRH agonist treatment than are the testes, and that LHRH agonists do not have
      direct antitesticular effect in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6439863
TI  - Constant lighting conditions affect sexual behaviour and hormone levels in adult
      male rats.
AB  - Adult male Long-Evans rats (90 days of age) were housed in 12 h light: 12 h dark
      (Group LD), constant white light (Group LL), or constant dark (dim red light)
      (Group DD) for 60-90 days. The first of two sexual behaviour tests revealed that
      more (P less than 0.05) rats in Group LD achieved intromission than did those in
      Groups LL and DD. Only 33% of Group LL and 32% of Group DD rats ejaculated. In
      contrast, all Group LD rats that mounted eventually ejaculated. Males in Group LD
      achieved more (P less than 0.05) ejaculations (mean of both tests combined, 3.4)
      than did males in Groups LL (1.5) or DD (1.2). Although there were no notable
      differences amongst the groups in the weights of the accessory sex organs, males
      in Group DD had higher (P less than 0.05) serum androgen levels than did those in
      Groups LL and LD while Group LL males had higher (P less than 0.05) serum
      prolactin levels than did those in Groups LD and DD. There were no differences in
      LH or FSH levels. In addition, more rats in Group LL had disrupted activity
      rhythms than did Group DD rats. These results indicate that housing in constant
      white or dim red light disrupts sexual behaviour in male rats and may do so
      through different neuroendocrine mechanisms.

PMID- 6439864
TI  - Effect of exogenous oestradiol-17 beta on gonadotrophin secretion in post-partum
      beef cows.
AB  - Twelve cows between Days 10 and 17 post partum received one or two silicone
      rubber implants, each containing 45 mg oestradiol-17 beta. Plasma oestradiol
      concentrations increased from 4.25 +/- 0.51 pg/ml before implant insertion to
      16.57 +/- 3.66 pg/ml (one implant) and 37.10 +/- 9.1 pg/ml (two implants) during
      the 5 days of implant treatment. Preovulatory-type LH and FSH surges were induced
      in 11/12 cows between 15 and 79 h after implant insertion. There were no
      relationships amongst plasma oestradiol concentrations, LH pulse frequency,
      pretreatment FSH concentrations, timing of the LH surge or time to first rise in
      milk progesterone concentration. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.58; P
      less than 0.05) between the stage post partum and the timing of the peak of the
      LH surge after implant insertion. Although the positive feedback mechanism was
      functional in most cows, the data may reflect a continuing recovery of the
      responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to the positive feedback effects
      of oestradiol-17 beta between Days 10 and 17 post partum.

PMID- 6439865
TI  - Coexistent complete hydatidiform mole and fetus after therapy with human
      menopausal gonadotropin. A case report.
AB  - A patient who had undergone therapy with human menopausal gonadotropin had a
      coexistent complete hydatidiform mole and fetus. This report is the first
      published account of such a case.

PMID- 6439867
TI  - Knee effusions heralding ectopic ossification.

PMID- 6439866
TI  - HLA antigens and toxicity to gold and penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - One hundred sixty-eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with
      chloroquine (n = 87), gold salts (n = 133) and/or penicillamine (n = 77) were
      investigated for possible associations between HLA antigens and toxic reactions.
      Patients with 2 or more side effects to gold and/or penicillamine had a
      significantly increased frequency of antigens HLA-B8 and DR3 compared to patients
      with one or without adverse reactions. Proteinuria to gold or penicillamine was
      significantly associated with HLA-B8 (relative risk [RR] 4.2) and DR3 (RR 14.0)
      whereas nonnephrologic side effects to gold or penicillamine were associated with
      B7 and DR2 (RR 3.5 and 2.8). Patients with skin reactions to gold had a
      significantly greater frequency of HLA-B7. We found no correlation between
      chloroquine side effects and any HLA antigen. The results suggest a genetic
      predisposition to toxic reactions to gold or penicillamine based on an
      immunologic dysregulation.

PMID- 6439868
TI  - Tumour immunology: a review.

PMID- 6439869
TI  - Zinc deficiency in a preterm neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 6439870
TI  - A single step radial immunodiffusion (RID) method for the quantitation of
      monomeric IgM.
AB  - Monomeric IgM (7S IgM) is present in the serum of patients with certain
      inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. In the past it has been necessary to
      separate 7S IgM from 19S IgM by chromatography or ultra-centrifugation prior to
      its quantification, however, 7% agarose gels allow migration of 7S molecules
      while retarding the migration of larger (19S) molecules. We describe the
      development of a RID method on 7% agarose and detail the optimum conditions for
      the preparation of gels and standards in order to quantify 7S IgM present in
      serum in a single step without prior separation from 19S IgM. The major
      difficulties encountered were in the preparation of the agarose gels and the
      conditions necessary to overcome the difficulties are described. A linear
      relationship was found between the ring diameter squared and the 7S IgM
      concentration. The assay could detect as little as 15 micrograms/ml of 7S IgM.
      Within assay variability was 15.4%. In the sera of 45 normal individuals
      monomeric IgM was not detected whereas 15 (43%) of an unselected group of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis had measurable levels of 7S IgM. This method
      for quantifying 7S IgM is both simple and inexpensive, and because of the ease
      with which large numbers of sera can be processed in a single assay it is less
      time consuming than other methods used to quantify 7S IgM.

PMID- 6439871
TI  - In vitro incorporation of (U-C14)-glucose and (1-C14)-sodium acetate in
      peripheral nerves of malnourished young rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The effect of protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) on synthesis of lipids in
      peripheral nerves was studied by in vitro incorporation of (U-C14)-glucose and (1
      C14)-sodium acetate. Ulnar and tibial nerves obtained from five young rhesus
      monkeys with PCM, five rehabilitated monkeys, and five control monkeys were
      incubated for 2 h with the radioactive precursors. Uptake of both radioactive
      precursors in whole peripheral nerves as well as myelin marker lipids was
      significantly decreased in animals with PCM. However, uptake returned to normal
      in rehabilitated monkeys.

PMID- 6439872
TI  - Biological and immunological characterization of purified follicle-stimulating
      hormone preparations from monkey pituitaries.
AB  - The suitability of a purified rhesus (rhFSH) and cynomolgus (cynFSH) follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation to replace the expired LER 1909-2 reference
      standard in the immunoassay of monkey FSH was assessed using an in vitro bioassay
      and two heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures in combination with
      fractionation by high-resolution isoelectrofocusing. The results presented
      indicate that rhFSH is unsuitable for the replacement of LER 1909-2 as a
      standard, though cynFSH might be suitable after the removal of its LH
      contamination.

PMID- 6439873
TI  - Indium-111-oxine-labeled leukocyte imaging.

PMID- 6439874
TI  - Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde in the fixation of chromatin for electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde have been used to fix chromatin core particles
      for electron microscopy. Glutaraldehyde crosslinks protein only, whereas
      formaldehyde crosslinks protein and DNA. This is confirmed by the observation
      that the detergents sodium dodecyl sulphate, Sarkosyl NL 35 and
      benzylalkyldimethyl ammonium chloride separate the DNA from the protein in the
      case of glutaraldehyde fixed core particles but not in the case of formaldehyde
      fixed core particles. The fixative used in the preparation must therefore be
      considered as a further variable when evaluating electron microscopic images of
      chromatin.

PMID- 6439875
TI  - Larval salivary gland secretion proteins in Drosophila. Identification and
      characterization of the Sgs-5 structural gene.
AB  - The 90BC locus on the polytene chromosomal map of Drosophila melanogaster
      contains the structural gene for a third-instar, salivary gland-specific,
      polyadenylated RNA (the group V RNA). This also belongs to the intermolt puff set
      whose dispersed and co-ordinately regulated members are (1) transcriptionally
      active in the salivary gland during the third-instar developmental stage and (2)
      comprise (at least in part) the structural genes for a set of salivary gland
      secretion proteins. Previous developmental studies of the group V intermolt gene
      (located cytogenetically within the 90B3-8 interval) suggest that it controls the
      expression of a salivary gland secretion protein. By analyzing different D.
      melanogaster laboratory stocks for variation in group V gene expression, we have
      been able to correlate the presence of the group V RNA with the salivary gland
      secretion protein P4. In vitro translation experiments show that the salivary
      gland messenger RNA population derived from a stock that fails to synthesize the
      group V RNA does not direct the synthesis of a polypeptide similar in molecular
      weight to protein P4. In addition, cloned genomic DNA segments complementary to
      the group V RNA are capable of arresting the in vitro translation of this
      protein. Comparative two-dimensional fractionation of cysteine-labeled, protease
      generated peptides shows that (1) the in vitro translation product arrested by
      group V gene DNA is biochemically very similar to or identical with the salivary
      gland secretion protein P4, and (2) protein P4 is equivalent to the salivary
      gland secretion protein previously designated SGS-5. Since designations of the
      latter type have been employed in naming the genetic loci that represent the
      structural genes for the salivary gland secretion protein gene set, the group V
      gene (previous designation) represents the SGS-5 structural gene and its
      appropriate genetic designation should now be Sgs-5.

PMID- 6439876
TI  - Sequence analysis of ultraviolet-induced mutations in M13lacZ hybrid phage DNA.
AB  - We have studied the specificity of ultraviolet (u.v.) mutagenesis in single
      stranded DNA phage by analyzing u.v.-induced forward mutations in the lac insert
      of M13mp2 hybrid phage. Sequence analysis of 114 lac mutants derived from u.v.
      irradiated phage grown in u.v.-irradiated cells showed that ultraviolet induces
      mainly single-nucleotide substitutions and deletions in progeny phage DNA. A
      total of 74% of the single-base substitution mutations occurred at sites of
      adjacent pyrimidines in the single-stranded DNA, with both T----C and C----T
      transitions predominating in the u.v. spectrum. Single-nucleotide deletion
      mutations occurred preferentially in tracts of repeated pyrimidine nucleotides.
      Tandem, double-base substitutions did not represent a major class of u.v.-induced
      mutations, but nearly 10% of mutant clones contained multiple, non-tandem
      nucleotide changes.

PMID- 6439877
TI  - Evolution of the human sarcomeric-actin genes: evidence for units of selection
      within the 3' untranslated regions of the mRNAs.
AB  - The complete 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequence of the human skeletal-actin
      gene has been compared with the corresponding regions of the rat and chicken
      skeletal-actin genes. This comparison reveals that the skeletal-actin 3'UTR is
      composed of conserved and nonconserved segments. By using genomic Southern
      transfer blots and thermal stability (Tm) measurements, we found that the cardiac
      actin gene 3'UTR also consists of conserved and nonconserved segments. Comparison
      of human and Xenopus laevis cardiac-actin mRNA sequences confirms the presence of
      a region of high similarity in the 3'UTR. We conclude that subsegments of the
      3'UTRs of both skeletal- and cardiac-actin genes of birds and mammals are under
      considerable selective pressure. This suggests that these conserved sequences may
      have functional roles in actin-gene expression or regulation, and that these
      roles might be different for each actin isoform.

PMID- 6439878
TI  - Evolving sea urchin histone genes--nucleotide polymorphisms in the H4 gene and
      spacers of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
AB  - We present a comparison of spacer and coding sequences of histone gene repeats
      from four Strongylocentrotus purpuratus individuals. Sequences of two previously
      cloned units (pCO2 and pSp2) were compared with three new histone gene clones,
      two of them from a single individual. Within a 1.7-kb region, 59 polymorphic
      sites were found in spacers, in mRNA nontranslated stretches, and at silent sites
      in codons of the H4 gene. The permitted silent-site changes were as frequent as
      in any other region studied. The most abundant polymorphisms were single-base
      substitutions. The ratio of transitions : transversions : single-base-pair
      insertions/deletions was 3:2:2. A number of larger insertions/deletions were
      found, as well as differences in the length of (CTA)n and (CT)n runs. Two of the
      five cloned repeats contained an insertion of a 195-bp element that is also
      present at many other sites in the genomes of every S. purpuratus individual
      studied. Pairwise comparisons of the different clones indicate that the variation
      is not uniformly divergent, but ranges from a difference of 0.34% to 3.0% of all
      nucleotide sites. A parsimonious tree of ancestry constructed from the pairwise
      comparisons indicates that recombination between the most distantly related
      repeats has not occurred in the 1-2 million years necessary for accumulation of
      the variation. The level of sequence variation found within the S. purpuratus
      population, for both tandemly repeated and single-copy genes, is 25%-50% of that
      found between S. purpuratus and S. drobachiensis.

PMID- 6439879
TI  - Organization and nucleotide sequence of rainbow trout histone H2A and H3 genes.
AB  - A 2.56-kbp fragment containing genes coding for histones H2A and H3 that forms a
      portion of the 10.2-kbp cluster containing all five histone genes isolated from a
      lambda-Charon 4A library of rainbow trout genomic DNA has been characterized in
      detail and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. The genes are arranged in
      tandem, being encoded on the same DNA strand. They are separated by 380 bp of
      intergenic spacer DNA that contains an alternating purine-pyrimidine stretch of
      20 bp and a 46-bp stretch that has the potential of forming a triple cruciform
      structure. The histone genes contain no introns, have the RNA polymerase II
      promoter-associated signals known as CAAT and TATA boxes in their 5' flanking
      regions and contain a conserved inverted repeat sequence, similar to that found
      in histone genes of other species, capable of forming a hairpin structure at the
      3' end of the transcription unit.

PMID- 6439880
TI  - Diversity in a chorion multigene family created by tandem duplications and a
      putative gene-conversion event.
AB  - Two families of high-cysteine chorion proteins in Bombyx mori are encoded in 15
      tandemly arranged nonidentical gene pairs. It is assumed that this locus arose by
      duplication with subsequent sequence divergence. We have compared DNA sequences
      from two such neighboring pairs of genes in an attempt to understand the manner
      in which diversity has been generated and/or removed. A high level of sequence
      identity (91%-99%) was found between the repeats throughout the transcribed and
      flanking regions, with two significant exceptions. First, in the DNA segment
      encoding a conserved region of the chorion proteins, ten substitutions were
      detected in a 39-base-pair region. This localized region of high variability
      would suggest an intergene conversion-like event. Second, a length difference of
      141 base pairs was detected in a region encoding the carboxy-terminal arm of the
      protein. This difference can be explained by three separate reiterations of
      single codons (3 base pairs) separated in time by duplication or triplication
      events.

PMID- 6439881
TI  - Population genetics theory of concerted evolution and its application to the
      immunoglobulin V gene tree.
AB  - The previous simple model for treating concerted evolution of multigene families
      has been revised to be compatible with various new observations on the
      immunoglobulin variable region family and other families. In the previous model,
      gene conversion and unequal crossing-over were considered, and it was assumed
      that genes are randomly arranged on the chromosome; neither subdivision nor
      correlation of gene identity and chromosomal distance were considered. Although
      this model satisfactorily explains the observed amino acid diversity within and
      between species, it fails to predict the very ancient branching of the mouse
      immunoglobulin heavy chain V-gene family. By incorporating subdivided structure
      and genetic correlation with chromosomal distance into the simple model, the date
      of divergence may be satisfactorily explained, as well as the rate of nucleotide
      substitution and the amino acid diversity. The rate at which a V-gene is
      duplicated or deleted by conversion or by unequal crossing-over is estimated by
      the new model to be on the order of 10(-6) per year. The model may be applicable
      to other multigene families, such as those coding for silkmoth chorion or
      mammalian kallikrein.

PMID- 6439882
TI  - Balbiani ring DNA: sequence comparisons and evolutionary history of a family of
      hierarchically repetitive protein-coding genes.
AB  - All known types of Balbiani ring (BR) genes consist of multiple, tandemly
      arranged, ca. 180 to 300-bp repeat units that can be divided into a constant
      region and a subrepeat region. The latter region includes short tandem subrepeats
      (SRs). Comparison of all available BR sequences using computer methods has
      enabled us (a) to define more precisely the constant and subrepeat regions, (b)
      to infer the evolutionary relationships among the various types of BR repeats,
      (c) to derive a consensus approximation of an ancestral sequence from a small
      segment of which the highly diverse present-day SRs may have originated, and (d)
      to detect an underlying substructure in the constant region, evident in the
      consensus but not in the present-day sequences and possibly corresponding to an
      original 39-bp DNA segment from which the extant, giant BR sequences may have
      evolved. We discuss the processes of reduplication, diversification, and
      homogenization within the hierarchically repetitive BR sequences as examples of
      how a simple DNA element may evolve into a diverse family of large, protein
      coding genes.

PMID- 6439883
TI  - Structural implications of primary sequences from a family of Balbiani ring
      encoded proteins in Chironomus.
AB  - DNA sequencing has revealed an internal, tandemly repetitive structure in the
      family of giant polypeptides encoded by three types of Balbiani ring (BR) genes,
      in three different species of Chironomus. Each major BR repeat can be subdivided
      into two halves: a region consisting of short subrepeats and a more constant
      region that lacks obvious subrepeats. Comparative predictions of secondary
      structure indicate that an alpha-helical segment is consistently present in the
      amino-terminal half of the constant region in all known BR proteins. Comparative
      predictions, coupled with consideration of the known phosphorylation of serine
      and threonine residues in BR proteins, suggest that the alpha-helical structure
      may also extend into the carboxy-terminal half of the constant region, possibly
      interrupted by beta-turn(s). However, it is also possible that the structure is
      variable, and that a beta-strand is present in that half in some cases. All of
      the constant regions conserve one methionine and one phenylalanine residue, as
      well as all four cysteines; these residues presumably play roles in the packing
      or cross-linking of aligned constant regions. The structure of the subrepeat
      region is not clear, but the prevalence of a tripeptide pattern (basic-proline
      acidic) suggests some type of structural regularity, possibly an extended helix.
      The possible significance of these conserved molecular features is discussed in
      the context of how they may serve the elasticity, insolubility, and
      hydrophilicity of the fibrils and threads formed by the BR polypeptides.

PMID- 6439884
TI  - Conserved and nonconserved structures in the secretory proteins encoded in the
      Balbiani ring genes of Chironomus tentans.
AB  - The large, repetitive Balbiani ring (BR) genes, BR 1, 2, and 6, in Chironomus
      tentans originated from a short ancestral sequence and have all evolved according
      to analogous amplification schemes. We analyzed the structures of the BR-encoded
      secretory proteins and defined the parts that have been conserved during the
      evolutionary process. The BR products show striking similarities, with the BR 1
      and BR 2 products being more similar to each other than to the BR 6 product. In
      the constant (C) region of the repeat units, 7 of the 30 amino acid residues are
      strictly conserved; 4 of these are the cysteine residues. The subrepeat (SR)
      regions of all the BR products are dominated by repeated tripeptide elements rich
      in proline and charged amino acid residues. Most of the amino acid replacements
      in both regions are conservative. Secondary structure predictions suggested that
      the C regions of the BR 1 and BR 2 products have several elements of secondary
      structure: an alpha-helix, a beta-strand, and one or two reverse turns, as in
      "globular structures." The prediction for the C region of the BR 6 product is
      similar but lacks a beta-strand. The predictions for the intervening SR regions
      appear less conclusive, but are clearly different from those for the C regions,
      and suggest regular structures not differing in their conformational elements.
      The SR regions evolved from an ancestor sequence similar to the C region; thus,
      the BR products seem to represent an example of evolution from one structure to
      two differently folded products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439885
TI  - Repeats of base oligomers as the primordial coding sequences of the primeval
      earth and their vestiges in modern genes.
AB  - Three outstanding properties uniquely qualify repeats of base oligomers as the
      primordial coding sequences of all polypeptide chains. First, when compared with
      randomly generated base sequences in general, they are more likely to have long
      open reading frames. Second, periodical polypeptide chains specified by such
      repeats are more likely to assume either alpha-helical or beta-sheet secondary
      structures than are polypeptide chains of random sequence. Third, provided that
      the number of bases in the oligomeric unit is not a multiple of 3, these
      internally repetitious coding sequences are impervious to randomly sustained base
      substitutions, deletions, and insertions. This is because the recurring
      periodicity of their polypeptide chains is given by three consecutive copies of
      the oligomeric unit translated in three different reading frames. Accordingly,
      when one reading frame is open, the other two are automatically open as well, all
      three being capable of coding for polypeptide chains of identical periodicity.
      Under this circumstance, a frame shift due to the deletion or insertion of a
      number of bases that is not a multiple of 3 fails to alter the down-stream amino
      acid sequence, and even a base change causing premature chain-termination can
      silence only one of the three potential coding units. Newly arisen coding
      sequences in modern organisms are oligomeric repeats, and most of the older genes
      retain various vestiges of their original internal repetitions. Some of the genes
      (e.g., oncogenes) have even inherited the property of being impervious to
      randomly sustained base changes.

PMID- 6439886
TI  - Unexpectedly slow homogenisation within a repetitive DNA family shared between
      two subspecies of tsetse fly.
AB  - Repetitive DNA families in sexual species are subject to a variety of turnover
      mechanisms capable of homogenising newly arising mutations. Very high levels of
      homogeneity in DNA families in some species of Drosophila indicate that the rate
      of turnover is fast relative to that of mutation. To gauge the generality of such
      phenomena, we cloned and sequenced individual members of homologous repetitive
      DNA families from two subspecies of tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans centralis and
      G. morsitans morsitans. Unexpectedly high levels of variation were found within
      each subspecies, averaging 24% and 31%, respectively. Contiguous repeats and
      repeats cloned at random were comparably divergent. Nevertheless, it was possible
      to identify three instances of apparent homogenisation, each being, remarkably,
      of an insertion/deletion nature. We conclude that the rate of turnover in the
      tsetse families is comparable to that of most mutations, and discuss the possible
      parameters affecting flux in these families.

PMID- 6439888
TI  - Knob heterochromatin homology in maize and its relatives.
AB  - We have characterised the major DNA sequence component of knob heterochromatin in
      maize, teosinte and Tripsacum. Sequence analysis of this DNA gives strong support
      to the proposal that maize originated by selection of variants in teosinte. In
      situ hybridization has confirmed that this repeating DNA sequence, which is the
      major component of maize knob heterochromatin, is also the major component of
      knobs in teosinte, Zea diploperennis and Tripsacum. In Southern blot
      hybridizations the repeat has a similar basic organization in all taxa;
      Tripsacum, however, is differentiated from maize and teosinte by a number of
      sequence features. Maize and teosinte knob heterochromatin are indistinguishable
      with regard to the distribution of mutations in the 180-bp repeat and the
      presence and organization of a 202-bp variant sequence. The knob DNA sequence was
      not detectable in three species of Coix, and Old World genus of the Maydeae.
      Within the repeat unit is a 27-bp region that shows no sequence changes in maize,
      teosinte or Tripsacum. The remainder of the repeat unit has randomly distributed
      nucleotide changes. The presence of the conserved sequence region suggests that
      knob DNA may have a functional role in the nucleus.

PMID- 6439887
TI  - Zein gene organization in maize and related grasses.
AB  - Zein cDNA clones were used to study the organization of zein genes within the
      genome of the inbred maize W64A. When individual clones for the two larger
      molecular-weight classes of zein proteins (Mr = 22,000; Mr = 19,000) were used as
      probes for Southern blot hybridizations of genomic DNA, multiple restriction
      fragments were found to hybridize. Reconstruction analyses using moderately
      stringent criteria were used to estimate a total of 70-80 zein sequences within
      the genome of this inbred maize. The hybridization patterns suggest that zein
      sequences are clustered within the same restriction fragment. When criteria
      permitting less cross-hybridization of homologous sequences (Tm - 10 degrees C)
      were used, the banding pattern changed, with some of the bands being reduced in
      intensity or eliminated entirely. Therefore, by control of hybridization
      criteria, particular zein genes may be more readily distinguished in a Southern
      blot analysis. The Southern blot hybridization pattern for the Mr = 15,000 zein
      was less complex. Only a single major band was found, with sufficient
      hybridization intensity for two or three genes. Genomic Southern analyses of
      other inbred maizes and related grasses showed similarly complex hybridization
      patterns with cDNA probes for the 19,000- and 22,000-molecular-weight zeins,
      suggesting that these sequences have been conserved over evolutionary time. The
      zein multigene family may therefore have arisen by gene duplication before
      divergence of the maize, teosinte, and Tripsacum species from a common ancestor.

PMID- 6439889
TI  - Quantitation of base substitutions in eukaryotic 5S rRNA: selection for the
      maintenance of RNA secondary structure.
AB  - Eukaryotic 5S rRNA sequences from 34 diverse species were compared by the
      following method: (1) The sequences were aligned; (2) the positions of
      substitutions were located by comparison of all possible pairs of sequences; (3)
      the substitution sites were mapped to an assumed general base pairing model; and
      (4) the R-Y model of base stacking was used to study stacking pattern
      relationships in the structure. An analysis of the sequence and structure
      variability in each region of the molecule is presented. It was found that the
      degree of base substitution varies over a wide range, from absolute conservation
      to occurrence of over 90% of the possible observable substitutions. The
      substitutions are located primarily in stem regions of the 5S rRNA secondary
      structure. More than 88% of the substitutions in helical regions maintain base
      pairing. The disruptive substitutions are primarily located at the edges of
      helical regions, resulting in shortening of the helical regions and lengthening
      of the adjacent nonpaired regions. Base stacking patterns determined by the R-Y
      model are mapped onto the general secondary structure. Intrastrand and
      interstrand stacking could stabilize alternative coaxial structures and limit the
      conformational flexibility of nonpaired regions. Two short contiguous regions are
      100% conserved in all species. This may reflect evolutionary constraints imposed
      at the DNA level by the requirement for binding of a 5S gene transcription
      initiation factor during gene expression.

PMID- 6439890
TI  - Recently published papers in the field of molecular evolution. Primary structures
      of nucleic acids.

PMID- 6439891
TI  - Aflatoxin in respirable airborne peanut dust.
AB  - Laboratory shelling and pilot handling operations were conducted to determine if
      peanut dust generated by such operations contained significant amounts of
      aflatoxin. Air samples were collected from points of highest dust concentration.
      No aflatoxin B1 was detected in dust from uncontaminated lots. Aflatoxin B1
      levels of 700 ppb and 7.6 ng/m3 were detected from highly contaminated lots. The
      contamination of the dust was directly proportional to the contamination of the
      lots handled or shelled. In the shelling tests, the level of contamination of the
      dust samples was about one-ninth of the level of contamination of the peanuts. In
      the handling tests, the level of contamination of the dust samples was about half
      the contamination level of the peanuts. These results indicate that most of the
      contaminated dust was probably removed by handling operations prior to shelling.
      Although workers are not routinely exposed to such levels of contaminated dust,
      these findings suggest the need for a more thorough study of peanut dust during
      handling or processing of contaminated peanuts.

PMID- 6439892
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of clinical course in surgical ICU patients: the data
      conform to catastrophe theory.
AB  - A response surface for critically ill patients is described. The coordinates of
      the three-dimensional response surface are two control variables, or state
      variables, related to aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and a response variable,
      the A-VO2 difference. The data conform to a cusp catastrophe manifold. Cardiac
      insufficiency, adaptive response to stress, and sepsis may be distinguished by
      this model. The distinction between control and response variables is discussed.

PMID- 6439893
TI  - Management of severely malnourished children by village workers in integrated
      child development services in India.

PMID- 6439894
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of benign sciatic nerve sheath tumors.
AB  - The ultrasonograms of three patients with surgically proven benign tumors of the
      sciatic nerve sheath were reviewed. Two lesions were neurilemmomas and one was a
      neurofibroma. All lesions appeared hypoechoic and often demonstrated
      characteristics typically associated with cystic abnormalities. Although the
      sciatic nerve is not routinely delineated as a separate anatomic structure by
      ultrasound, neoplastic enlargements of the nerve can be demonstrated.

PMID- 6439895
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of antibiotic use.

PMID- 6439896
TI  - Acute complications associated with insulin infusion pump therapy. Report of
      experience with 161 patients.
AB  - We determined the frequency of acute complications associated with insulin pump
      therapy in 161 insulin-dependent patients followed up for a total of 2,978
      patient-months. Diabetes control improved substantively with pump therapy, but
      42% of the patients experienced one or more acute complications while using
      insulin pumps. Infected infusion sites, ketoacidosis, and hypoglycemic coma
      occurred once in every 27, 78, and 175 patient-months, respectively. More
      patients experienced ketoacidosis after the onset of pump therapy than in an
      equivalent interval immediately before the onset of pump therapy. Ketoacidosis
      also occurred in more patients using pump therapy than in a comparison group of
      165 patients receiving conventional insulin injections surveyed during an
      equivalent period. The frequency of hypoglycemic coma was not significantly
      changed by pump therapy.

PMID- 6439898
TI  - Technology assessment: differing perspectives.

PMID- 6439897
TI  - Prophylactic parenteral cephalosporins in surgery. Are the newer agents better?
AB  - Parenteral prophylactic cephalosporins used in surgery were compared in 17
      published studies. Examination of these studies reveals little justification for
      preference of one cephalosporin over another. For gastrointestinal, obstetrical
      gynecologic, or cardiac operations, newer cephalosporins did not result in
      substantial decreases in adverse postoperative clinical events (eg, wound
      infections, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, and endocarditis) when
      compared with older cephalosporins. There is no evidence that second- or third
      generation cephalosporins result in postoperative infection rates lower than with
      first-generation cephalosporins.

PMID- 6439899
TI  - Pulmonary pseudotumours.

PMID- 6439900
TI  - Incidence of heart disease in children at the National Institute of
      Cardiovascular Diseases.

PMID- 6439901
TI  - Opsite strapping for the treatment of infantile umbilical hernia.

PMID- 6439902
TI  - Value of dipslides in the diagnosis of significant bacteriuria in Pakistan.

PMID- 6439903
TI  - Small bowel biopsy (per oral).

PMID- 6439904
TI  - Injection treatment of piles.

PMID- 6439905
TI  - Cafe coronary.

PMID- 6439906
TI  - Bio-availability of drugs.

PMID- 6439907
TI  - Leprosy in Azad Kashmir.

PMID- 6439908
TI  - Different response of left ventricular dimensions to nitroglycerin in patients
      with artificial pacemaker. A possible significance of reflex tachycardia for the
      reduction of LV cavity after nitroglycerin.
AB  - The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on cardiac function can be evaluated by
      echocardiography. In this paper, we discuss the effects of NTG on cardiac
      function in two groups of subjects, one with artificial pacemakers implanted with
      a fixed heart rate, and the other examined as the control group. Left ventricular
      dimension was obtained in the standard manner using the electronic sector
      scanning system of Toshiba SSH-11A. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end
      systolic dimensions (Dd and Ds) were obtained in each case and the ejection
      fraction was calculated. After the sublingual administration of NTG (0.6 mg), the
      blood pressure decreased in both groups. The ventricular rate was fixed in the
      pacemaker group but increased significantly in the control group. Dd and Ds were
      found to decrease only in the control group. The ejection fraction showed an
      increase in the majority of the control group but remained unchanged in the
      pacemaker group. Heart rate change therefore may play a role in dimensional
      change and pumping function of heart after NTG.

PMID- 6439909
TI  - [Clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of
      cefsulodin].
AB  - Reliability of cefsulodin (CFS) disc sensitivity test for estimating approximate
      values of MICs and its utilization for evaluation of proper administrative dose
      were studied against 106 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus
      aureus isolated from clinical materials using 2 different kind of discs. The disc
      results were compared with MICs determined using agar dilution method at inoculum
      level of 10(6) CFU/ml. The results of CFS disc susceptibility test with 8 mm
      diameter disc (Showa) and 6 mm diameter disc (Wako), both of them contained 30
      micrograms, were well correlated with MICs. It is capable to use disc results for
      estimation of approximate value of MICs. For interpretation of CFS disc tests,
      three category system has been used in USA and Europe, but four category system
      in Japan. MIC break points proposed for classifying bacteria into three
      categories of susceptibility: resistant (R) MIC greater than 32 micrograms/ml,
      moderately susceptible (MS) MIC 16 approximately 32 micrograms/ml, and
      susceptible (S) MIC less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. Those in four category
      system were as follows: MIC less than or equal to 3 micrograms/ml, 3
      micrograms/ml less than MIC less than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml, (+) 15
      micrograms/ml MIC less than or equal to 60 micrograms/ml, (-) MIC greater than 60
      micrograms/ml. Based on CFS pharmacokinetic data and the recommended dosage
      schedule (less than 2 g a day), MIC break points less than 3 micrograms/ml and
      less than 15 micrograms/ml, appear to be more useful than that of less than or
      equal to 8 micrograms/ml and less than 32 micrograms/ml for evaluating a proper
      administrative dose level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439910
TI  - [Experimental multiple primary malignant tumors induced by chemical carcinogen].
AB  - Experimental induction of multiple primary malignant tumors has been observed in
      laboratory animals exposed to various carcinogens or irradiation. The development
      of the tumor by chemical carcinogens is usually multiple. In order to explain
      different susceptibilities of animals to carcinogenic effect of chemicals,
      several factors such as different genetic background, aging, dose of drugs and so
      on have to be taken into consideration. The tumorigenicity of DMBA, MNNG, and 3'
      Me-DAB was studied in five strain rats, that is Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, inbred
      Fischer, inbred Lewis, and inbred Brown-Norway rats. The relationship between
      multiple tumor, dose of carcinogen, age of animals, and species (strain) of
      animals is discussed.

PMID- 6439911
TI  - [2 cases of solitary metastasis to the large intestine from gastric carcinoma].
AB  - Localized metastatic foci of the colon from gastric cancer have been reported in
      only a few cases. Tow cases of gastric cancer were reported. One relapsed in the
      form of a localized lesion at the sigmoid colon (Case 1) and the other at the
      rectum and the transverse colon (Case 2) after curative resection of gastric
      cancer. From the results of clinical examinations obtained from these cases, it
      may be reasonable to postulate that peritoneal dissemination and/or lymphatic
      invasion of cancer was the main cause of solitary metastasis to the large
      intestine.

PMID- 6439912
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery in advanced gastric cancer].
AB  - Two hundred and fifty-four patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent
      radical surgery and ftorafur (FT) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was orally
      administered as the adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Recurrence after ACT were
      analyzed by the quantification method II. As a result, it was found that: 1) ACT
      over 2 years could lower the recurrence rate, and careful follow-up is still
      necessary up to 4 years, and 2) after the remission induction therapy with
      mitomycin C and/or 5-FU and cytarabine, 12 mg/kg/day of FT for the first year and
      8 mg for the second year are advisable.

PMID- 6439913
TI  - [An autopsy case of extramedullary plasmacytoma with systemic dissemination 2
      years after the onset of a localized tumor in the nasal cavity].
AB  - A 73-year-old male was admitted because of a localized tumor in the nasal cavity,
      which was suspected to be malignant lymphoma by biopsy specimens. Laboratory
      findings were within normal limits except for small amounts of M protein (IgG
      lambda) in the serum. The patient was successfully treated by radiotherapy, with
      the disappearance of both the tumor and M protein. Two years after the onset,
      however, a solid tumor was observed in the soft tissue, followed by rapid
      systemic dissemination. An increase in M protein was obvious, and the biopsy
      specimens disclosed plasmacytoma. The patient died three months after admission,
      and post-mortem examinations revealed a diffuse infiltration of plasmacytes
      predominantly in the soft tissues.

PMID- 6439914
TI  - [A case of primary macroglobulinemia responded to actinomycin D and aclacinomycin
      A].

PMID- 6439915
TI  - [Immunohistologic studies on Castleman lymphoma in two cases of plasma cell
      dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrinopathy (Takatsuki's disease)].

PMID- 6439916
TI  - [Histological and histochemical observation of macrophages in various foreign
      body granulomas].

PMID- 6439917
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic observations of Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis].

PMID- 6439918
TI  - [Physiological significance of secretin on gastric secretion].

PMID- 6439919
TI  - [Diagnostic values of serum concentration of the type III procollagen N-terminal
      peptide in gastric cancer].

PMID- 6439920
TI  - [Assessment of elemental diet therapy by rapid turnover transport proteins].

PMID- 6439921
TI  - A new variant form of hepatic glycogenosis with acid maltase deficiency.

PMID- 6439922
TI  - Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome in a girl.

PMID- 6439923
TI  - [Structure and expression of the antibody gene].

PMID- 6439924
TI  - Increases in lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgA and rates of spontaneous IgA
      synthesis in patients with IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 6439925
TI  - [Regional pulmonary function assessed by C15O2 and 11CO inhalation].

PMID- 6439926
TI  - Lung and heart-lung transplantation.
AB  - This report is a brief summary on current events related to lung and heart-lung
      transplantation. Eleven patients have undergone transplantation of the heart and
      both lungs at Stanford University. The ages ranged from 22-45, the average age
      being about 36 years, and included were four females and seven males. The
      diagnosis was primary pulmonary hypertension in three and Eisenmenger syndrome-
      congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension--in eight. Eight patients
      are living and well, two to more than 24 months after transplantation of the
      heart and both lungs. All these patients were discharged and are fully
      rehabilitated, which is an important consideration. There have been three
      operative deaths, one was secondary to two previous operations that made our
      operation much too long, another was secondary to the use of intravenous
      cyclosporine, and the third was related to the poor maintenance of the donor
      lung. Three of the eleven patients were catheterized following the transplant
      from six months to a year after transplantation, and the pulmonary artery
      pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were absolutely normal in all three of
      these individuals. Of course the plan is to go ahead with further catheter
      studies at yearly intervals in all of the patients. The last patient underwent
      transplantation in January, 1983. I think no matter how effective or how
      ingenious the medical staff is with artificial organs, it will be a long time
      before these early results of transplantation of the heart and both lungs can be
      matched by any types of artificial organ implants.

PMID- 6439927
TI  - Prolonged survival of gastric cancer patients on a specific adjuvant
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Since 1970, there has been a remarkable improvement in Japan in the outcome of
      surgery for patients with gastric cancer. Not only the increased rate of
      detection of early gastric cancer but the standardization of the prophylactic
      extended lymphadenectomy (ELX) has brought about a remarkable rise in survival
      rate. In patients with regional lymph node metastasis, we obtained a 5 year
      survival rate of 39 percent in the ELX group, whereas the rate was only 18
      percent in the simple gastrectomy group. The difference was statistically
      significant (P less than 0.001). As to adjuvant chemotherapy, the Cooperative
      Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer found in data on
      1,805 patients followed for 5 years that the protocol, intraoperative bolus
      intravenous injection of Mitomycin C (MMC) plus oral administration of Futraful
      (Tegafur) for 3 months, concomitantly applied with ELX, proved to be effective
      for improving the survival of patients with advanced cancer such as stage III and
      positive lymph node metastasis with obvious serosal invasion. The 5 year survival
      rate of Japanese patients with gastric cancer after resective surgery was an
      overall 56 percent, 48 percent when confined to those with stage III cancer.

PMID- 6439928
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the microporous hollow fiber oxygenator.
AB  - This report concerns a clinical evaluation for a newly devised hollow fiber
      oxygenator, Capiox II. It functions on a one-pump system, and is simple to set up
      and operate. This equipment was used for 118 patients undergoing cardiac surgery
      at Tokyo University Hospital from February 1982 through February 1983. The gas
      transfer capacity proved to be satisfactory. The employment of an air-oxygen
      blender prevented overoxygenation, and reasonable levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 were
      demonstrated with a FiO2 0.7, V/Q ratio 0.7 at normothermia. The destruction of
      platelets was much less with the use of this oxygenator, as compared to findings
      with the BOS-10. Hemolysis by Capiox II appeared to be lower than that by BOS-10,
      but the difference was not statistically significant. Differences were distinct
      in the amount of microbubbles; strikingly, no bubble was evidenced in Capiox II
      by the ultrasound bubble detector, during general procedures. We conclude that
      Capiox II is of excellent clinical value, and should be used especially for
      infants as well as adult patients with possible long perfusions. The merits and
      demerits of this equipment are given attention.

PMID- 6439929
TI  - [Effects of serotonin, phenoxybenzamine, sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin
      on pulmonary capillary blood flow in dogs].

PMID- 6439930
TI  - [The effects of the renal pelvic pressure elevation upon local renal blood flow
      distribution].

PMID- 6439931
TI  - Electron microscopy of Theileria sergenti in bovine erythrocytes.

PMID- 6439932
TI  - Developing a patient classification system for the emergency department.

PMID- 6439933
TI  - Antitumor activity of vitamin A and its derivatives.
AB  - Studies were conducted for investigation of the inhibitory effect on the
      development of experimental tumors of the skin and liver with vitamin A-like
      compounds, with a particular focus on a new synthetic derivative of the
      polyprenoic acid 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (E
      5166). Incidence of skin papilloma, chemically induced in mice, was significantly
      influenced by dietary vitamin A contents. When given orally at a dose of 200
      mg/kg body weight, beta-carotene regressed the skin papilloma to some extent (
      16% at 14 days), although its effect was much weaker than that of E-5166 (-43%).
      E-5166 also significantly reduced tumor incidences of experimental hepatomas
      induced by chemical carcinogen in rats as well as in "spontaneous" hepatoma
      bearing mice (C3H/HeNCrj) genetically determined. Further chemical studies
      revealed that retinol was locally deficient in the hepatomas but not in adjacent
      normal livers: In particular, anhydroretinol was newly detected in the tumors of
      spontaneous hepatoma-bearing mice, suggesting increased conversion of retinol
      into the inactive metabolite. Moreover, cellular retinoid-binding protein, F-type
      (an oncofetal protein), also newly appeared exclusively in the hepatoma tissues,
      suggesting that the preventive effect of E-5166 on hepatocarcinogenesis was
      mediated, at least in part, through its binding with the new retinoid receptor.

PMID- 6439934
TI  - Serum levels of vitamin A and carotenoids as reflectors of nutritional status.
AB  - Of the total body reserve of vitamin A, the liver is the major repository
      (greater than or equal to 90%); plasma contains only 1% of the total amount.
      Although the median liver concentration in well-nourished American adults is
      approximately 100 micrograms/g, a minimally adequate concentration is suggested
      to be 20 micrograms/g. Physiologic, nutritional, clinical, and genetic factors
      affect plasma retinol levels by a variety of mechanisms. Of total body
      carotenoids, most are associated with adipose tissue (greater than 80%), and a
      lesser amount is associated with liver (10%). Vitamin A concentrations in the
      liver are low at birth but then rise to adult levels at 1-4 years of age. Liver
      carotenoid concentrations are not proportional to liver vitamin A reserves. Total
      liver retinol is proportional to dietary retinol but not in a purely linear
      fashion. When liver reserves exceed 30 micrograms/g, the excretion of vitamin A
      metabolites in bile is much increased. Plasma vitamin A is homeostatically
      controlled over the physiologic range of liver vitamin A concentrations, e.g., 20
      300 micrograms/g. Below 20 micrograms/g liver, plasma vitamin A values tend to
      fall; above 300 micrograms/g liver, plasma values tend to increase. At very high
      intakes, plasma vitamin A values can be greater than or equal to 300
      micrograms/dl. In such cases most of the plasma vitamin A is in the form of
      retinyl ester. Thus, except in cases of deficiency or excess, vitamin A levels in
      the plasma are not good indicators of vitamin A status. Other methods of
      evaluating vitamin A status include relative dose response, analysis of liver
      autopsy or biopsy samples, isotope-dilution approach, and pseudoequilibrium
      approach. The first two of these methods have proven to be very useful in
      specific circumstances, whereas the others are under development.

PMID- 6439936
TI  - The long term care continuum.

PMID- 6439935
TI  - Special considerations in the nursing care of the very low birth weight infant.
AB  - Improvement in obstetric and neonatal care has resulted in an increase in the
      number of very low birth weight infants (less than 1000 grams) being cared for in
      neonatal intensive care units. This article addresses issues related to the
      special nursing implications required in the care of these infants.

PMID- 6439937
TI  - Effects of DRG's on staffing in skilled nursing facilities.

PMID- 6439938
TI  - DRG's: Foreseeing problems and needs.

PMID- 6439939
TI  - Other long-term care nurses' experiences, problems.

PMID- 6439940
TI  - Chronic renal failure with gout: a marker of chronic lead poisoning.
AB  - EDTA (calcium disodium edetate) lead mobilization and x-ray fluorescence (XRF)
      finger bone lead tests were done in 42 patients with chronic renal failure and
      without persisting lead intoxication. Nineteen of 23 patients with gout and 8 of
      19 without gout had positive EDTA lead mobilization tests. Those patients with
      gout excreted significantly more excess lead chelate than those without gout. In
      the gout group 17 patients denied any childhood or industrial exposure to lead.
      They had a greater number of positive tests and excreted significantly more
      excess lead chelate than 14 patients with neither gout nor lead exposure. These
      results confirm that gout in the presence of chronic renal failure is a useful
      marker of chronic lead poisoning. Of 27 patients with positive lead mobilization
      tests, only 13 had elevated XRF finger bone lead concentrations (sensitivity
      48%). Three of 15 patients with negative lead mobilization tests had elevated XRF
      finger bone lead concentrations (specificity 80%). Although the XRF finger bone
      lead test is a convenient noninvasive addition to the diagnostic evaluation of
      patients with chronic renal failure and gout, its application is limited due to
      the lack of sensitivity of the method.

PMID- 6439941
TI  - Morphological studies of Theileria sergenti. II. Feeding mechanism by the
      cytostome of Theileria sergenti.

PMID- 6439943
TI  - [Tube for enteral feeding after operations on the stomach and duodenum].

PMID- 6439942
TI  - [Biliodigestive anastomoses in cholangitis].

PMID- 6439944
TI  - [Case of jejunal diverticulosis complicated by diverticulitis].

PMID- 6439945
TI  - [Effect of 120-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia on gas exchange and pulmonary
      circulation in humans].
AB  - Parameters of gas exchange and pulmonary circulation were measured in five
      healthy test subjects during 120-day head-down tilt test and early recovery.
      During the first half of the bed rest study CO2 tension in arterial blood
      increased significantly. During the second half of the study oxygen and carbon
      dioxide tension decreased significantly. The mechanisms of these changes are
      discussed.

PMID- 6439946
TI  - Effects of pregnancy on bone matrix proteins in Wistar rats.
AB  - Using an EDTA extraction procedure, bones from pregnant Wistar rats were analyzed
      for their content of collagen and non-collagenous components (sialoprotein,
      proteoglycan and carbohydrate). The bone matrix size was found to be smaller in
      pregnant rats than in normal rats (19.5% vs 17.5% of the dry weight bone). The
      EDTA extractability of the bone protein from pregnant rats was higher than that
      from controls (2.6% vs 1.9% dry weight bone). EDTA extracts from pregnant rats
      contained higher amounts of soluble collagen (1.6% vs 0.5% of dry weight tissue)
      and lower amounts of non-collagenous components (1.65% vs 2.23% for hexoses,
      2.38% vs 3.95% for sialic acid and 1.24% vs 1.73% for uronic acid). In bone
      matrix, collagen content was lower in the pregnant rats (9.45% vs 10.6%).
      Similarly, the amounts of non-collagenous components were slightly decreased in
      the bone matrix from the pregnant rats. The respective values were: 0.91% vs
      0.93% for hexoses, 0.45% vs 0.52% for sialic acid and 0.39% vs 0.50% for uronic
      acid. These results suggest that in pregnancy collagen and non-collagenous
      protein content in bone is decreased while the total mineral content is
      increased.

PMID- 6439947
TI  - A survey of the pathology of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) under experiment.
AB  - A survey of the pathology of 567 laboratory-bred cotton-eared marmosets
      (Callithrix jacchus) is presented. There were few significant pathological
      changes in animals used in studies up to 6 months in duration, suggesting that
      the marmoset can be a useful non-human primate species for routine toxicology.
      The most common pathological changes encountered were chronic colitis, chronic
      thyroiditis and interstitial mononuclear infiltration in the kidney. No internal
      parasites were encountered, nor were any viral or bacterial diseases identified.
      Fungal disease was confined to a few cases of oesophageal mycoses. In a long term
      study a variety of pathological changes have been observed, including a 'wasting'
      syndrome, not related to skeletal muscle myopathy, with atrophy of the
      gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands and gonads, haemosiderosis and fatty
      change in the liver and osteoporosis. It is suggested that these changes may be
      related to protein deficiency and that the nutritional requirements of the
      marmoset require further investigation.

PMID- 6439948
TI  - Spontaneous lobster claw deformity in a silvery marmoset (Callithrix argentata).

PMID- 6439949
TI  - A comparative study of three model comprehensive elementary school health
      education programs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the three most popular
      comprehensive health education programs in Michigan including each program's
      curricular content, student outcomes, and cost effectiveness. The three programs
      were cross-referenced with the Michigan Essential Performance Objectives for
      Health (MEPO). Student outcome data were gathered and analyzed utilizing a health
      education instrument derived from the Michigan Educational Assessment Program.
      Instruments were administered to 377 third-graders and 595 sixth-graders
      participating in the three health programs. While each of the three programs met
      the Michigan Essential Performance Objectives for Health, the programs differed
      in areas of teacher training time, materials cost, and length of time for
      implementation. Third graders showed some very positive effects from health
      instruction based upon a comparison of their composite scores and scores for 10
      health topic areas. Sixth graders showed some gains in several health topic
      areas, but few significant gains in composite scores.

PMID- 6439950
TI  - Application of scanning electron microscopy in an analysis of the retina of lower
      vertebrates.
AB  - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a useful tool in the study of the
      retina of lower vertebrates. SEM analysis (preparation over the critical point)
      offers a useful addition to the existing histological preparations. It is
      suitable for a comparative analysis, in which the arrangement of different
      cellular elements and their overall distribution is studied.

PMID- 6439951
TI  - An early experience with endoscopic gastrostomy.

PMID- 6439952
TI  - Effects of age on glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities in rat liver.
AB  - The activities of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase were determined in
      homogenates and subcellular fractions of liver from young adult (6 months' old),
      adult (12 months' old) and aged (24 months' old) rats. The specific activities
      (enzyme activity expressed as units per mg protein) of the active form of
      glycogen synthase (synthase a) as well as of total synthase (synthase a + b) were
      significantly lower in liver homogenates of aged compared to young adult or adult
      rats. The age-associated decrease in the specific activity of synthase a was most
      marked in the 10 000 g and 100 000 g particulate fractions of liver. The specific
      activities of the active form of phosphorylase (phosphorylase a) as well as of
      total phosphorylase (phosphorylase a + b) were also significantly lower in liver
      homogenates of aged compared to young adult or adult animals. The age-related
      decrease in the specific activity of phosphorylase a was most pronounced in the
      10 000 g particulate fraction of liver. Analysis of the specific activity ratios
      of glycogen synthase a/glycogen synthase a + b indicated a disproportionately
      greater age-related decrement in the active form of this enzyme. No such age
      related difference was evident in the specific activity ratios of phosphorylase
      a/phosphorylase a + b. The age-associated decrease in the activities of glycogen
      synthase (a or a + b) and phosphorylase (a or a + b) was also discernible when
      the enzyme activities were expressed as units per g liver; this decrement in
      enzyme activity was reflected in all subcellular fractions examined. The levels
      of plasma insulin, plasma glucose and liver glycogen were not significantly
      different in rats of the three age groups used in these studies. The reduced
      activities of liver glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in aged rats is
      indicative of a likely diminution in the turnover of glycogen in liver during
      aging. Such an age-associated deficit in liver glycogen metabolism may
      contribute, at least in part, to the generally observed glucose intolerance upon
      aging.

PMID- 6439953
TI  - Grading DRGs.

PMID- 6439954
TI  - The use of Grade of Membership analysis to evaluate and modify diagnosis-related
      groups.
AB  - A classification methodology is presented that can be used to evaluate the
      heterogeneity of reimbursement categories and service groups in multivariate
      terms. This methodology, called Grade of Membership analysis, has several
      properties that are particularly important in such assessments. First,
      simultaneously with the determination of the multivariate profile of
      characteristics that describe a group, the methodology determines the degree to
      which each case is described by that profile, which means that the model can
      explicitly represent the heterogeneity of individual cases in any derived
      classification scheme. Second, the estimates of the model's parameters are
      produced by maximum likelihood procedures; hence, the classification and group
      descriptions generated by the model can be statistically evaluated. Third,
      because of the way the group profiles are constructed, the results of the
      analysis will be reasonably robust to the selection of new samples. The analysis
      is illustrated using data on hospital discharges for the state of Maryland in
      1981. The purpose of the analysis is to examine the association between the
      patterns of clinical and service attributes identified by the procedures with DRG
      category assignments.

PMID- 6439955
TI  - The costs and effects of behavioral programs in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - This paper uses a General Health Policy Model to determine the cost-effectiveness
      of an experimental behavioral program for patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients were randomly assigned to either experimental
      or control groups, and only those in the experimental groups were given the
      behavioral strategies. Health status information was collected over 18 months,
      and the Health Policy Model translated program outcomes into well-year
      equivalents. At the end of the program, greater improvements in health status
      were observed in the experimental subjects, and a total of 4.41 well-years were
      produced. Costs of the program were gathered on a per-year basis using an
      administrative perspective. Both costs and health effects were discounted to
      present value using a 5% discount rate. Dividing costs by effects, the COPD
      program produced well-years at a unit cost of $24,256. Comparing the cost-utility
      figure to those of other health care programs using the General Health Policy
      Model, the behavioral program appears reasonably cost-effective as an adjunct
      therapy for patients suffering from COPD.

PMID- 6439956
TI  - Wanderers in a promised land. The chronically mentally ill and
      deinstitutionalization.

PMID- 6439957
TI  - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in hemophilia A and B].

PMID- 6439958
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia of primary hypothyroidism. Relative role of the duration of
      thyroid hypofunction].

PMID- 6439959
TI  - [Psychotic behavior induced by valproic acid].

PMID- 6439960
TI  - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid changes in alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 6439961
TI  - [Meningococcal meningitis: bacterial virulence, antibodies or complement?].

PMID- 6439962
TI  - [Pleuropericarditis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae].

PMID- 6439963
TI  - Measuring the inhibition of TRH-stimulated prolactin by dihydroergocristine (DEC)
      in man: an indirect assessment of bioavailability.
AB  - An indirect method to assess bioavailability of dihydroergocristine
      methansulfonate (DEC) is described. The method uses the inhibitory effect of DEC
      on TRH stimulated prolactin production. By means of this method it was possible
      to investigate the relative bioavailability of DEC tablets versus Diertina
      liquid. The results show that the relative bioavailability is complete.

PMID- 6439964
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic
      fibrosis patients against azthreonam, netilmicin and piperacillin.
AB  - Minimum bacteriostatic (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) levels were done on 37
      clinical isolates of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients
      against azthreonam, netilmicin and piperacillin. Results show that piperacillin
      had the greatest bacteriostatic activity; however there was more likely to be a
      significant disparity between MIC and MBC with this drug. Netilmicin was less
      active than piperacillin, but there was less difference between MICs and MBCs.
      Azthreonam was the least active compound tested.

PMID- 6439965
TI  - The fate of infused spermidine in the plasma of rats.
AB  - An elevation of the plasma spermidine concentration might indicate whether
      administration of a cytostatic drug harms tumour cells. Such elevations, however,
      are only small. By infusing various amounts of spermidine into the circulation of
      rats, spermidine plasma elevations were evoked artificially. During 2.5 h
      infusion and 1.5 h after infusion spermidine plasma concentrations were measured.
      It appeared that total amounts of 0.031 and 0.4 mg did not give an appreciable
      elevation of plasma spermidine concentrations above basic levels. Infusion of 1.0
      mg gave rise to an elevation but already showed a trend towards normal levels
      during the infusion. There is evidence for a first-pass lung effect for
      spermidine. Blocking of monoamine and diamine oxidase enzymes resulted in a
      further elevation of spermidine concentrations above basic levels. Which of the
      two enzymes is the more important for spermidine catabolism could not be
      determined.

PMID- 6439966
TI  - Genetic animal models of epilepsy as a unique resource for the evaluation of
      anticonvulsant drugs. A review.
AB  - Genetic animal models of epilepsy comprise genetically predisposed animal species
      in which seizures either occur spontaneously or in response to sensory
      stimulation. The major advantage of these naturally occurring epilepsies in
      animals as models of human epilepsy is that they simulate the clinical situation
      more closely than any other experimental epilepsy. Models with idiopathic
      spontaneous recurrent seizures are epileptic dogs, tottering mice, and rats with
      spike-wave absence (petit mal) seizures. In dogs, the most common seizure type
      are generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Recent epidemiological and
      antiepileptic drug efficacy studies strongly suggest that epileptic dogs offer a
      valuable model for human grand mal epilepsy. In tottering mice, two types of
      spontaneous recurrent seizures occur: spike-wave absence seizures and focal motor
      seizures. Both types differ in sensitivity to common antiepileptic drugs, which
      closely resembles the absence and focal types of epilepsy in humans.
      Spontaneously recurrent spike-wave absence seizures in rats can be selectively
      blocked by drugs effective in petit mal (absence) epilepsy in man, demonstrating
      the validity of this new petit mal model for anticonvulsant drug screening.
      Models with reflex seizures comprise photosensitive baboons (Papio papio) and
      fowl, audiogenic seizure susceptible mice and rats, and gerbils with seizures in
      response to different sensory stimuli. With respect to seizure types and drug
      efficacies in these species, rats and chickens may represent suitable models for
      grand mal epilepsy, whereas baboons offer a useful model of photomyoclonic
      seizures. Gerbils can be subdivided into animals with minor (myoclonic) and major
      (mostly generalized tonic-clonic) seizures, which respond differently to
      antiepileptic drugs and seem to provide interesting models for petit mal and
      grand mal epilepsy in man. In conclusion, the data summarized in this review
      emphasize that genetic animal models of epilepsy offer unique approaches to the
      evaluation of antiepileptic drugs used or usable in man.

PMID- 6439967
TI  - [Pneumomediastinum in diabetic ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6439968
TI  - [Effect of local moderate hyperthermia in combination with N-nitroso-1,3-bis-(2
      chloroethyl)urea (BCNU) and 5-fluoro-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)uracil (ftorafur) on
      induced autochthonous colonic cancers in the rat. 3: Polychemotherapy in
      combination with hyperthermia].
AB  - The use of hyperthermia for the treatment of tumors has been tested in vitro and
      in vivo experiments as well as clinically for a long time. Combination of
      hyperthermia with chemotherapy was reported to result in overadditive cytostatic
      effects. In a clinically adapted, controlled animal experiment, local moderate
      hyperthermia (43.5 degrees C, 3 X 60 min) alone and in combination with
      polychemotherapy (BCNU) and Ftorafur) was used for the treatment of AMMN-(N
      nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine) induced autochthonous colonic carcinomas in
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Diagnosis and follow-up inspections were carried out
      endoscopically. The applied therapies did not result in prolonged survival times,
      nor was an additive effect seen after combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy in
      this "hard", i.e. relatively chemotherapy-resistent, tumor model.

PMID- 6439969
TI  - [Detection of autoantibodies to polymerized human serum albumin].
AB  - Binding activity of antibodies against polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) was
      measured in the serum of 348 patients with various hepatic and non-hepatic
      diseases and in the serum of 108 control persons. The methods used were passive
      hemagglutination (PH) with antigen loaded human erythrocytes and radial
      immunodiffusion (ID). In the PH-method only HBsAg-positive sera reacted. Blocking
      experiments with pHSA, polymerized bovine serum albumin (pBSA) and monomeric
      human serum albumin (mHSA) showed, that the PH-method measures HBsAG associated
      receptors for pHSA. In HBeAG-positive cases titers were significantly higher than
      in anti-HBe-positive sera. Using the ID-method it could be shown, that 40% of
      sera of patients with liver diseases (n = 272), 37% of patients with LED (n =
      27), 72% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 32), 6% of patients with
      glomerulonephritis (n = 17) and 2% of normal persons (n = 108) reacted. These
      sera reacted in the immunodiffusion assay with pHSA and pBSA but not with mHSA.
      Autoantibodies against non species specific determinants of pHSA which are not
      specific for liver diseases and possibly due to disturbed immunoregulation can be
      demonstrated by immunodiffusion. They may possibly be modulators of the pHSA
      mediated binding of hepatitis B-virus to hepatocytes.

PMID- 6439970
TI  - Polyamines and pancreatic growth induced by caerulein.
AB  - Activation of polyamine metabolism may be important to initiation of pancreatic
      cell growth. We are reporting that such activation did occur during pancreatic
      growth initiation by caerulein, a cholecystokinin analog. Maximal increases in
      total putrescine (319%), spermidine (63%) and spermine (50%) were observed 12, 96
      and 96 hr respectively after the beginning of the caerulein treatment. This time
      period coincides with pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia as characterized by
      increased cell mass and DNA content. Rates of pancreatic weight and DNA content
      increases were significantly correlated with total spermidine and spermine
      contents. These data suggest that polyamine biosynthesis is closely associated
      with pancreatic growth.

PMID- 6439971
TI  - The effect of peroxisome proliferators on the metabolism and spectral interaction
      of endogenous substrates of cytochrome P-450 in rat hepatic microsomes.
AB  - The peroxisome proliferators clofibric acid and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate
      (DEHP) preferentially induced the 12-hydroxylation, compared to the 11
      hydroxylation, of lauric acid in rat liver microsomes. A marked increase in the
      affinity of spectral interaction of this substrate with cytochrome P-450 was also
      observed. In addition, both clofibric acid and DEHP treatment produced a marked
      effect on the profile of site- and stereo-specific microsomal metabolites of
      testosterone. These results demonstrate that both peroxisome proliferators induce
      similar form(s) of cytochrome P-450 which are active in the metabolism of
      endogenous substrates of cytochrome P-450. The possible relevance of these
      findings to the hepatotoxicity of peroxisome proliferators is discussed.

PMID- 6439972
TI  - Semi automated solid phase adherence assays for pre-transfusion testing.

PMID- 6439973
TI  - Tuberculosis bacteriology in developing countries.

PMID- 6439974
TI  - Surgical management of endometriosis with the carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of reconstructive microsurgery
      with the carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of infertile women suffering from
      endometriosis. One hundred and eight women evaluated for infertility and
      endometriosis underwent reconstructive microsurgery with the carbon dioxide
      laser. All cases were classified in accordance with the American Fertility
      Society's classification. Postoperatively, conception rates for the mild-to
      moderate and the severe-to-extensive groups were estimated by life table methods
      for analysis. Estimates of the cumulative pregnancy rate were 55% for the mild-to
      moderate group and 88% for the severe-to-extensive group. The abortion rate was
      17% and the ectopic pregnancy rate was 3%.

PMID- 6439975
TI  - DNA rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes correlate with phenotypic markers in B
      cell malignancies.
AB  - We have investigated the configuration of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in leukaemic
      cells in 17 patients with B-cell leukaemias (11 chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (B
      CLL); 4 prolymphocytic leukaemias (B-PLL), and two hairy cell leukaemias (HCL)).
      In addition we studied four patients with T chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T
      CLL); four patients with acute leukaemia (3 acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL),
      and 1 mixed acute leukaemia (M.AL)); and six patients with chronic granulocytic
      leukaemias in blastic crisis (CGL.BC). The heavy chain genes (H) were analysed by
      using probes for the constant region of the mu chains (C mu) and for the joining
      region (JH). The light chain genes were analysed by using probes for the constant
      region of the kappa (C kappa) and lambda (C lambda) chains. We have found
      rearranged Ig genes in all cases of B-CLL, B-PLL and HCL, but in none of the
      patients with T-CLL. In one case of HCL, both mu genes were deleted, indicating
      that in this case the class switch has taken place. In four out of six cases with
      either ALL or lymphoid CGL.BC and in one case of M.AL, an Ig gene rearrangement
      was also found. No rearrangement was detected in two cases of myeloid CGL.BC.
      When the combination of rearrangement versus germ-line configuration was
      considered, a variety of patterns emerge, but in no case did we find a L chain
      gene rearranged without at least one H chain gene being rearranged as well.
      Whereas in the majority of cases of B-CLL only one H chain gene is rearranged, in
      nearly all cases of B-PLL both H chain genes are rearranged. By systematic
      analysis of restriction fragment sizes of rearranged genes, we have established
      that a large number of different variable regions for the H chain (VH) are
      involved in Ig gene rearrangement in B-cell malignancies. Our data confirm that
      testing for Ig gene rearrangement may be the most sensitive and specific test for
      identifying leukaemic cells of B lineage.

PMID- 6439976
TI  - Recombination between repeated DNA sequences occurs more often in plasmids than
      in the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Directly repeated pBR322 sequences 3.7-3.8 kb long recombine with a frequency of
      about 10% per generation when carried on plasmids related to pC194 and 0.01% per
      generation when carried on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Recombination is
      therefore 1,000 times more efficient in plasmids than in the chromosome of this
      organism.

PMID- 6439977
TI  - Electrophoretic mobility of mouse immune (gamma) interferon produced by a cloned
      T-cell lymphoma.
AB  - In the present study we have analyzed the electrophoretic mobility of murine IFN
      gamma produced by a T-cell lymphoma upon stimulation with phorbol myristic
      acetate. Two peaks of antiviral activity were recovered after gel electrophoresis
      of partially purified MuIFN-gamma, in the regions of 30 kd and 43 kd. Since MuIFN
      gamma displays a molecular weight of about 16-17 kd in denaturating conditions,
      the above values represent oligomeric forms, probably composed of two or three
      units of lower molecular weight.

PMID- 6439978
TI  - Colonization of a human intestine by four different genotypes of Lactobacillus
      acidophilus.
AB  - To understand the effect on a human host suffering from intestinal disorders we
      supplied non fat milk cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus for 25 days. The
      picture of the faeces bacterial count was completely different before and after
      treatment and we noticed increases in lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and coliforms
      while the clostridia decreased. The lactobacilli treatment solved the diarrohea
      problem. Of the four genetic lines of L. acidophilus supplied only D179, isolated
      from calf faeces, and ATCC 4356 of human origin were found able to colonize the
      intestine of the little girl, while 255S isolated from swine and D328 isolated
      from calf faeces, did not find favourable growth conditions.

PMID- 6439979
TI  - Virus isolation in microplates compared to standard tube method.
AB  - The efficiency of viral isolation in microplates was assayed during an epidemic
      outbreak of bronchiolitis and compared with the standard tube method. The
      agreement between the two methods was noteworthy. Although mainly dealing with
      isolation of RS virus, the data seem to indicate that due to its simplicity virus
      isolation in microplates is preferable to the standard tube method.

PMID- 6439980
TI  - Participation of macrophages in enhanced in vitro immune interferon (IFN gamma)
      production with mouse spleen cells.
AB  - IFN gamma production in cultures of spleen cells obtained from mice sensitized
      with TH69, a live Streptococcus faecalis preparation, was examined to determine
      how macrophages participate. It was demonstrated that sensitized spleen
      macrophages participated in enhanced IFN gamma production by T cells at an early
      stage (0-6 hr) of incubation, and that this production is mainly dependent on Ia
      bearing macrophages In the reconstitution experiments where different
      combinations of spleen macrophages and T cells obtained from mice sensitized with
      TH69, OK-432, and BCG were used, T cells required that the identity between the
      sensitizing organisms in vivo and the stimulating organisms in vitro be the same
      for enhanced IFN gamma production while macrophages did not. Macrophage-mediated
      production of IFN gamma appears to be genetically restricted because IFN gamma
      was only produced in cultures where the H-2 region of macrophages and T cells
      matched. Further examination revealed that for macrophages to participate in
      enhanced IFN gamma production, first contact between cycloheximide-treated
      macrophages and T cells was required. Second, enhanced IFN gamma production
      occurred when culture supernatants of macrophages obtained from sensitized spleen
      cells were added to T cells. However, the addition of culture supernatant
      obtained from sensitized peritoneal macrophages resulted in inhibition of IFN
      gamma production. These results clearly showed the crucial role of macrophages in
      enhanced IFN gamma production by spleen T cells in vitro.

PMID- 6439981
TI  - [Survival of bacteria in the Artificial Mars unit].
AB  - The survival of bacteria was studied in the "Artificial Mars" apparatus
      reproducing a complex of physical extreme factors. Bacteria isolated from
      microbiocenoses subjected to the action of chemical extreme factors (hydrogen
      peroxide, catalytically active minerals) were shown to be most resistant among
      soil heterotrophic bacteria. Cells in the resting state caused by dehydration
      survived better than vegetative cells. It has been concluded that microorganisms
      quite different in their physiological requirements and ecological properties can
      exist in the habitats extreme for life conditions.

PMID- 6439983
TI  - The use of mid-arm circumference for screening malnutrition in preschool
      children.

PMID- 6439982
TI  - [Phosphate and glucose accumulation by Pseudomonas cultures in relation to their
      arsenic resistance].
AB  - The effect of arsenite and arsenate on 14C-glucose and 32-P-phosphate transport
      was studied in the cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 561 sensitive to arsenite and
      in the cells of Pseudomonas putida 18 oxidizing arsenite and resistant to
      arsenic. Transport and accumulation of phosphate and glucose were inhibited in
      the presence of arsenite in the cells of P. aeruginosa 561 whereas arsenate
      inhibited only phosphate accumulation. Arsenite and arsenate had hardly any
      effect at the initial transport rate and on the overall accumulation of phosphate
      and glucose in the cells of P. putida 18. The resistance to arsenite is supposed
      to be caused by selective impermeability of the cellular membranes to arsenite
      and arsenate.

PMID- 6439984
TI  - An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning in a school hostel, Klang.

PMID- 6439985
TI  - [LH-RH agonist buserelin].

PMID- 6439986
TI  - Replication of Borna disease virus in rats: age-dependent differences in tissue
      distribution.
AB  - There are age-dependent differences in the tissue distribution of Borna disease
      (BD) virus in rats infected intracerebrally. While in adult rats BD virus
      replication is restricted to neural cells, in neonatally infected rats infectious
      virus or viral antigens were found in the cells of most organs. The possibility
      that differences in the immune status between newborn and adult animals are
      responsible for different tissue susceptibility could be excluded.

PMID- 6439988
TI  - Effects of a bolus and inhomogeneities on pion stopping distributions.
AB  - In radiotherapy treatments with negative pion beams, an external bolus is often
      used to compensate for inhomogeneities within the body in order that the pions
      will have the proper stopping distribution within a tumor. However, angular beam
      divergence, multiple Coulomb scattering, and elastic and inelastic nuclear
      scattering limit the degree to which the pion stopping region can be controlled.
      We have used the Monte Carlo computer code PION-I to calculate pion stopping
      distributions for several idealized cases in order to show explicitly the effects
      of a number of factors on stopping distributions. Calculations have also been
      made for the same geometrical configurations used in measurements of pion
      stopping distributions in the biomedical beam at the Los Alamos Meson Physics
      Facility, and the calculated results are compared with experiment.

PMID- 6439987
TI  - Virulence of different strains of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a.
AB  - Different strains of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a were used to infect
      mice. A smooth, haemolytic strain multiplied in the spleen of normal adult mice
      and induced a long-lasting immunity to subsequent challenge infection. When the
      animals were treated with dextran sulphate (DS) Listeriae multiplied more rapidly
      and death followed within a few days. When normal baby mice were infected with
      this organism, fatal infection occurred. In nude mice a chronic infection
      developed. Secondly, a rough, haemolytic strain was used to infect mice. In
      normal adult mice no multiplication of this strain was observed. This holds true
      also for DS-treated animals. In nude mice the bacteria were eliminated slowly.
      Normal baby mice could only be killed if the infective dose was increased. This
      strain was considered to be intermediate in virulence. The infection stimulated a
      considerable immune response in mice, although to a lesser degree than the
      smooth, haemolytic Listeria strain. Thirdly, a smooth, non-haemolytic strain of
      L. monocytogenes serovar 1/2a was used. The bacteria were rapidly eliminated in
      normal, in DS-treated and in nude animals. Normal baby mice did not develop fatal
      disease, so it was considered that this strain of L. monocytogenes serovar 1/2a
      was avirulent. This variant was found to be non-immunogenic. A boosting of
      immunity of animals by this avirulent Listeria strain was, however, found to be
      possible. A reasonable explanation for the rapid elimination of avirulent L.
      monocytogenes serovar 1/2a from mice cannot be presented at this time. Whereas it
      is known that the macrophage system and the T-lymphocytes play an essential role
      in the resistance to virulent Listeriae, there is no increased susceptibility of
      the avirulent bacteria to these defence mechanisms. Other bacterial properties,
      such as serum sensitivity and lysozyme susceptibility, are likewise considered to
      be unimportant.

PMID- 6439989
TI  - The net fractional depth dose: a basis for a unified analytical description of
      FDD, TAR, TMR, and TPR.
AB  - The net fractional depth dose (NFD) is defined as the fractional depth dose (FDD)
      corrected for inverse square law. Analysis of its behavior as a function of
      depth, field size, and source-surface distance has led to an analytical
      description with only seven model parameters related to straightforward physical
      properties. The determination of the characteristic parameter values requires
      only seven experimentally determined FDDs. The validity of the description has
      been tested for beam qualities ranging from 60Co gamma rays to 18-MV x rays,
      using published data from several different sources as well as locally measured
      data sets. The small number of model parameters is attractive for computer or
      hand-held calculator applications. The small amount of required measured data is
      important in view of practical data acquisition for implementation of a computer
      based dose calculation system. The generating function allows easy and accurate
      generation of FDD, tissue-air ratio, tissue-maximum ratio, and tissue-phantom
      ratio tables.

PMID- 6439990
TI  - Determination of the photon spectrum of a clinical accelerator.
AB  - An experiment to determine the peak of the energy spectrum of the photon beam
      from a Toshiba LMR-15 medical linear accelerator is described. It is found that
      the flattening filters removed much of the bremsstrahlung spectrum below
      approximately 1 MeV, resulting in a photon spectrum which peaks around 1.2 MeV.

PMID- 6439991
TI  - A comparison of the AAPM "Protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from
      high-energy photon and electron beams" with currently used protocols.
AB  - A comparison of the AAPM "Protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from
      high-energy photon and electron beams" (TG21) with currently used protocols for
      electron and photon dosimetry is presented. These protocols are the International
      Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report 21, "Radiation Dosimetry:
      Electrons with Initial Energies Between 1 and 50 MeV" (ICRU21), and the AAPM
      "Protocol for the Dosimetry of X- and Gamma Ray Beams with Maximum Energies
      Between 0.6 and 50 MeV" (SCRAD). Assuming a given radiation exposure and chamber
      parameters, doses to water at dmax for electron beams and at 5 g/cm2 for photon
      beams are calculated using the three protocols and then compared. The doses for
      photon beams calculated using the TG21 and SCRAD protocols are found to differ by
      3% or less at energies below 10 MeV. The largest differences occur in photon
      doses at high energies where the dose calculated with the TG21 protocol is as
      much as 5.5% greater than that calculated with the SCRAD protocol for a typical
      thimble ionization chamber. For low electron beam energies, the doses calculated
      with the ICRU21 protocol are as much as 5% less than TG21 doses when using
      thimble chambers constructed of tissue-equivalent materials in a water phantom.
      If dosimetry measurements are performed in polystyrene, the dose calculated using
      TG21 may be greater than the ICRU21 dose, depending on chamber size and
      composition. An explanation for some of the differences between the protocols is
      presented emphasizing the dependence on chamber geometry, chamber composition,
      and phantom composition.

PMID- 6439992
TI  - Small-beam calibration by 0.6- and 0.2-cm3 ionization chambers.
AB  - Small beams are often applied in radiotherapy, e.g., in shrinking field and high
      dose techniques with curative intent. For a given beam, measured field size
      factors (FSF) may vary with responses of different detectors to nonuniform
      radiation fluence. Dose rates of small photon and electron beams with diverse
      profiles were measured in polystyrene with 0.6- and 0.2-cm3 Farmer ionization
      chambers. FSF of 60Co, 4-, 8-, and 16-MV photon beams, and of 6-, 12-, and 20-MeV
      electron beams, were determined as ratios of dose rates of beams with differing
      field dimensions to dose rates of 10 X 10 cm beams. 60Co and 4-MV photon beam FSF
      were also determined in air using acrylic buildup caps. FSF obtained via 0.6- and
      0.2-cm3 chambers are compared as functions of beam flatness and quality.. It is
      shown that notable discrepancies can exist between FSF for the same field
      obtained with different detectors, even when chamber volumes are well within
      nominal beam dimensions. Possible dose delivery errors arising from use of the
      0.6-cm3 chamber were found to be from 0% to 2% for 4 X 4 to 5 X 5 cm photon
      beams, and from - 1% to 5% for electron beams 4 cm in diameter. Possible errors
      greater than 5% were noted for most beams less than 3.5 X 3.5 cm. Consequently,
      it is recommended that detectors smaller than the Farmer 0.6-cm3 chamber be
      employed in determining FSF of beams less than or equal to 5 X 5 cm.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6439993
TI  - Reduction of the "horns" observed on the beam profiles of a 6-MV linear
      accelerator.
AB  - The presence of large "horns" was found while plotting beam profiles during
      acceptance testing of a 6-MV linear accelerator. The in-phantom off-axis ratio
      (OAR), measured at 22 cm off the central axis along the diagonal of a 40 X 40 cm
      field at dmax was found to be 1.19, while beam uniformity was within
      specifications at 10-cm depth. A change in the gun injection voltage and the
      replacement of the magnet surrounding the magnetron with one of greater strength
      resulted in a reduction of the OAR to 1.085. The beam uniformity at depth was
      maintained within specifications. An alternative solution of adding a modifying
      filter in the primary beam was considered undesirable because of the 20%-25%
      reduction in dose rate caused by such filters. The relationship between the
      energy, the intensity distribution of the beam, and the magnitude of the horns is
      discussed, and the beam profiles, isodoses, and central axis depth doses before
      and after the changes are compared.

PMID- 6439994
TI  - The effect of flattening filter design on quality variations within an 8-MV
      primary x-ray beam.
AB  - Single material flattening filters supplied by manufacturers of medical linear
      accelerators are designed to produce the desired primary dose profile while
      maintaining output at a maximum level. This design criterion tends to produce
      substantial quality variations within the primary beam. Quality variations, as
      expressed by half-value layer in brass and polystyrene, were measured for an 8-MV
      primary beam both unfiltered and with the flattening filter supplied by the
      manufacturer. Most of the quality variation was introduced by the filter. Two
      approaches were then used to reduce this quality variation, each at a cost of a
      25% reduction in output. First, a hardening filter was added to the
      manufacturer's flattening filter. The second approach was to design a new
      composite flattening filter made from brass and lead. For both approaches, the
      increase in quality variation over the intrinsic (no filter) variation was
      reduced by one-half.

PMID- 6439995
TI  - Dose to radiotherapy technologist from air activation.
AB  - Production rates of the activation of oxygen and nitrogen by high-energy x-ray
      beams from medical accelerators were measured as functions of the accelerator
      energy. A technique was developed in which the air-activation production rates
      are used to evaluate the concentration of radioactive gas in the treatment room
      and the dose received by the technologist who operates the accelerator. It was
      found that for typical operating conditions of medical accelerators, the dose
      received by personnel entering the treatment room is negligible compared to the
      maximum permissible dose limit.

PMID- 6439996
TI  - An accurate temperature controller for linear accelerators.
AB  - Linear accelerators use water cooling systems to ensure that certain components
      operate at specific temperatures. The water cooling system used on a Siemens
      Mevatron 77 has been found by us to be inadequate for our purposes for three
      major reasons. First, the controller is not able to regulate the machine
      temperature accurately when the beam is on for more than 10 min. Second, there is
      a high risk of failure at our site due to a high level of impurities in the
      utility water, and finally, changes in the temperature of the utility water
      necessitate adjustments to the temperature controller. A microprocessor-based
      temperature controller has been designed and built for use with a Mevatron 77.
      The three areas of concern mentioned have been eliminated by the use of the new
      controller.

PMID- 6439997
TI  - Characteristics of an MM 22 medical microtron 6-MV photon beam.
AB  - Instrument AB Scanditronix offers a 6-MV therapeutic photon beam as an option
      with the 22-MeV medical microtron (MM 22). The method of acceleration, target
      assembly, and use of two flattening filters produce beams having several
      characteristics (e.g., field flatness, penetration, and intensity) that are
      superior to many 6-MV Linac beams. Characteristics of the microtron's 6-MV photon
      beams including quality, surface dose, depth of maximum dose, peak dose rates,
      peak scatter factors, central axis percentage depth doses, tissue maximum ratios,
      and beam profiles are described.

PMID- 6439998
TI  - [Effects of lactase administration in children with lactose malabsorption.
      Evaluation using the breath hydrogen test].

PMID- 6439999
TI  - Fulminant hepatitis. Mayo Clinic experience with 34 cases.

PMID- 6440000
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy in the United States, 1979-1980.

PMID- 6440001
TI  - Trichinosis surveillance, 1982.

PMID- 6440002
TI  - Uses of computer-generated maps in occupational hazard and mortality
      surveillance.

PMID- 6440003
TI  - Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1983.

PMID- 6440004
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the glucoamylase gene of Aspergillus
      awamori.
AB  - The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus awamori secretes large amounts of
      glucoamylase upon growth in medium containing starch, glucose, or a variety of
      hexose sugars and sugar polymers. We examined the mechanism of this carbon source
      dependent regulation of glucoamylase accumulation and found a several hundredfold
      increase in glucoamylase mRNA in cells grown on an inducing substrate, starch,
      relative to cells grown on a noninducing substrate, xylose. We postulate that
      induction of glucoamylase synthesis is regulated transcriptionally. Comparing
      total mRNA from cells grown on starch and xylose, we were able to identify an
      inducible 2.3-kilobase mRNA-encoding glucoamylase. The glucoamylase mRNA was
      purified and used to identify a molecularly cloned 3.4-kilobase EcoRI fragment
      containing the A. awamori glucoamylase gene. Comparison of the nucleotide
      sequence of the 3.4-kilobase EcoRI fragment with that of the glucoamylase I mRNA
      (as determined from molecularly cloned cDNA) revealed the existence of four
      intervening sequences within the glucoamylase gene. The 5' end of the
      glucoamylase mRNA was mapped to several locations within a region -52 to -73
      nucleotides from the translational start. Sequence and structural features of the
      glucoamylase gene of the filamentous ascomycete A. awamori were examined and
      compared with those reported in genes of other eucaryotes.

PMID- 6440005
TI  - Invertase beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins fail to be transported from the
      endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The yeast SUC2 gene codes for the secreted enzyme invertase. A series of 16
      different-sized gene fusions have been constructed between this yeast gene and
      the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, which codes for the cytoplasmic enzyme beta
      galactosidase. Various amounts of SUC2 NH2-terminal coding sequence have been
      fused in frame to a constant COOH-terminal coding segment of the lacZ gene,
      resulting in the synthesis of hybrid invertase-beta-galactosidase proteins in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hybrid proteins exhibit beta-galactosidase
      activity, and they are recognized specifically by antisera directed against
      either invertase or beta-galactosidase. Expression of beta-galactosidase activity
      is regulated in a manner similar to that observed for invertase activity
      expressed from a wild-type SUC2 gene: repressed in high-glucose medium and
      derepressed in low-glucose medium. Unlike wild-type invertase, however, the
      invertase-beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins are not secreted. Rather, they
      appear to remain trapped at a very early stage of secretory protein transit:
      insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The hybrid proteins appear only to
      have undergone core glycosylation, an ER process, and do not receive the
      additional glycosyl modifications that take place in the Golgi complex. Even
      those hybrid proteins containing only a short segment of invertase sequences at
      the NH2 terminus are glycosylated, suggesting that no extensive folding of the
      invertase polypeptide is required before initiation of transmembrane transfer.
      beta-Galactosidase activity expressed by the SUC2-lacZ gene fusions
      cofractionates on Percoll density gradients with ER marker enzymes and not with
      other organelles. In addition, the hybrid proteins are not accessible to cell
      surface labeling by 125I. Accumulation of the invertase-beta-galactosidase hybrid
      proteins within the ER does not appear to confer a growth-defective phenotype to
      yeast cells. In this location, however, the hybrid proteins and the beta
      galactosidase activity they exhibit could provide a useful biochemical tag for
      yeast ER membranes.

PMID- 6440007
TI  - Cross-reactions of polysaccharides of staphylococci and streptococci in
      antipneumococcal and other antisera.
AB  - Relationships between chemical structure and immunological specificity, deduced
      from cross-precipitation with antibodies to polysaccharides of known structure,
      are drawn for polysaccharides of strains of staphylococci and of groups D and H
      streptococci.

PMID- 6440006
TI  - Specific transcripts are elevated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to DNA
      damage.
AB  - Differential hybridization has been used to identify genes in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae displaying increased transcript levels after treatment of cells with
      UV irradiation or with the mutagen/carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO). We
      describe the isolation and characterization of four DNA damage responsive genes
      obtained from screening ca. 9,000 yeast genomic clones. Two of these clones,
      lambda 78A and pBR178C, contain repetitive elements in the yeast genome as shown
      by Southern hybridization analysis. Although the genomic hybridization pattern is
      distinct for each of these two clones, both of these sequences hybridize to large
      polyadenylated transcripts ca. 5 kilobases in length. Two other DNA damage
      responsive sequences, pBRA2 and pBR3016B, are single-copy genes and hybridize to
      0.5- and 3.2-kilobase transcripts, respectively. Kinetic analysis of the 0.5
      kilobase transcript homologous to pBRA2 indicates that the level of this RNA
      increases more than 15-fold within 20 min after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1
      oxide. Moreover, the level of this transcript is significantly elevated in cells
      containing the rad52-1 mutation which are deficient in DNA strand break repair
      and gene conversion. These results provide some of the first evidence that DNA
      damage stimulates transcription of specific genes in eucaryotic cells.

PMID- 6440008
TI  - Immunogenicity of biotinylated hapten-avidin complexes.
AB  - The efficacy of avidin as a carrier for the generation of anti-hapten antibodies
      was assessed in mice by immunization with complexes of avidin and synthetic
      peptides containing biotin and an epsilon-dinitrophenyl (DNP) lysine residue. The
      synthetic haptens were constructed with 0, 1 or 2 6-aminocaproyl groups as
      spacers between the biotin and DNP-lysine moieties. Complexes without a spacer
      did not induce anti-DNP antibody responses, while those with two spacers induced
      stronger responses than those with only one spacer. However, the anti-DNP
      responses to avidin-biotinylated hapten complexes were considerably weaker than
      responses to a conventional hapten-protein conjugate (DNP-ovalbumin), and, like
      "T-independent" antigens, failed to induce significant immunological memory. The
      distribution of isotypes in the anti-DNP antibodies produced to avidin-biotin-6
      aminocaproyl-epsilon-DNP-lysine-alanine and DNP-ovalbumin was similar, but the
      former antigen induced significantly lower levels of antibody in (CBA/N X BALB/c)
      F1 male mice with the xid defect than in phenotypically normal female
      littermates, and also induced significant responses in nu/nu mice, in contrast to
      DNP-ovalbumin. These findings suggest that there is at least a "T-independent" or
      "T-efficient" component in the response to avidin-biotin complexes, perhaps due
      to the tetrameric structure of the molecule. Estimates of the depth of the
      receptor site for biotin were obtained by using the complexes to competitively
      inhibit the binding of anti-DNP antibody to plates coated with DNP-protein. The
      findings were consonant with the data on immunogenicity (capacity to induce anti
      DNP antibody responses) and suggested that the receptor site has a depth of 16-26
      A.

PMID- 6440009
TI  - Interaction of a streptococcal cell wall tetraheteroglycan and Salmonella telaviv
      lipopolysaccharide with polymeric McPC 870 and MOPC 384 mouse IgA myeloma
      proteins.
AB  - Interactions of polymeric McPC 870 and MOPC 384 mouse IgA myeloma proteins with a
      streptococcal cell wall tetraheteroglycan (T4-antigen), Salmonella tranoroa
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), S. telaviv LPS and its lipid A free polysaccharide were
      examined by the quantitative precipitin method. Hapten inhibition of myeloma
      protein precipitation by T4-antigen or S. telaviv LPS indicates a complex
      anticarbohydrate specificity for 870 and 384 protein combining sites involving
      several sugars. While the combining site of 870 protein appears to bind alpha-D
      mannopyranosyl, alpha-D-galactopyranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues, the
      combining site of 384 protein can accommodate both the alpha (1----2)-linked
      glucobiose (kojibiose) and alpha-D-galactopyranosyl but not the alpha-D
      mannopyranosyl structure.

PMID- 6440010
TI  - [Molecular mechanisms of antibody synthesis].
AB  - Antibodies or immunoglobulins play a central part in the immune system. The basic
      unit of an antibody is composed of two identical light and two identical heavy
      chains; each chain contains two functionally and structurally distinct regions:
      an amino-terminal variable or antigen-binding site, and a carboxy-terminal
      constant region responsible for immunological effector functions. Thanks to
      recombinant DNA technology the paradox of a limited number of genes and a
      virtually unlimited capacity to generate specific antibodies has now been
      resolved at least in outline. Immunoglobulin chains are encoded in multiple gene
      segments of three unlinked gene families scattered along chromosomes 2 (kappa
      light chain), 14 (heavy chain) and 22 (lambda light chain). During B-cell
      differentiation these genes are assembled by somatic recombination mechanisms to
      form active genes. The enormous diversity generated by means of DNA
      rearrangements is supplemented by mutations somatically introduced into variable
      region sequences. The medical impact of these discoveries will be substantial.
      Possible applications include identification of B-cell precursors lacking
      conventional markes, a molecular classification of lymphomas and a precise
      distinction between monoclonal and polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorders.

PMID- 6440011
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mutator mutants from cultured mouse FM3A cells.
AB  - A method to select mutator mutants was developed and 3 mutants were isolated from
      cultured mouse FM3A cells. Fluctuation analyses revealed that these mutator
      mutants have increased rates of spontaneous mutation at 3 genetic loci tested
      (resistance to ouabain, blasticidin S and tunicamycin). None of the 3 mutator
      mutants showed altered sensitivity to aphidicolin or arabinofuranosylcytosine,
      and so they differed from the mammalian mutator mutants reported previously.
      Also, all the mutator mutants had the same sensitivity as wild-type to UV or
      other DNA-damaging agents. Thus, these mutator mutants do not seem to have any
      deficiency in the DNA-repair process. To determine whether the mutator activity
      was due to the intracellular dNTP pool imbalance, 4 dNTPs in these mutator
      mutants were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and compared to
      that of the wild-type cells. The results show that there is no large dNTP pool
      imbalance in these mutator mutants. Since the mutator activity is not associated
      with the dNTP pool imbalance, these mutants may have altered protein(s) directly
      involved in DNA replication.

PMID- 6440012
TI  - Mutagenicity examination of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in
      bacterial systems.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 6 marketed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin,
      flufenamic acid, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, naproxen and chloroquine) as
      well as 2 new anti-inflammatory drugs (tenoxicam and carprofen) was examined by
      using in vitro bacterial systems (repair test and reversion test). None of them
      was mutagenic on Ames' reversion test. However, they differed in their responses
      to repair tests. Tenoxicam, carprofen, aspirin, flufenamic acid and naproxen were
      not mutagenic in either rec- or pol-assays, whereas chloroquine only showed
      positive results in the pol-assay system. Indomethacin and diclofenac sodium
      exhibited a slightly stronger inhibitory activity against B. subtilis rec- mutant
      than against its rec+ counterpart in rec-assay, which was much weaker than AF-2.
      Thus their mutagenicity was questionable. These results confirm the usefulness of
      DNA-repair assays as a complementary endpoint to gene mutation in assessing the
      genotoxic potential of environmental compounds.

PMID- 6440013
TI  - Mutagenic activity of some intercalating compounds in the Drosophila zeste
      somatic eye mutation test.

PMID- 6440014
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in human
      peripheral lymphocytes by 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone.
AB  - The genotoxicity of 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) was investigated using the
      sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration assay systems with
      human peripheral lymphocytes. The SCE frequency increased from the control value
      of 9.45 to 27.80 (mean of 50 cells scored from each of two donors) after the
      lymphocytes were treated with the highest dose of TNF (3.0 microgram/ml). The
      results of the chromosome aberration experiment show that TNF induced more than a
      4-fold increase in aberrations in each donor. The results, which indicate that
      TNF is clastogenic, add further evidence that this compound is potentially
      genotoxic to exposed populations.

PMID- 6440015
TI  - Dimethyl methyl phosphonate induction of dominant lethal mutations in male mice.
AB  - The reproductive toxicity of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) was studied in
      the male B6C3F1 mouse. Male mice were treated with 0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000
      mg/kg DMMP by gavage 5 days per week for 13 weeks. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of
      treatment the male mice were mated to untreated CD-1 female mice. At the two
      highest doses (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) the chemical caused a dominant lethal effect
      (early resorptions). Groups of male mice (at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg), mated after a
      15-week recovery period without chemical dosing, had a resorption rate comparable
      to the control group. After 13 weeks of dosing, the male mice showed no
      histopathologic changes of the reproductive organs, no abnormalities in sperm
      concentration or sperm morphology, no evidence for hormone imbalance, no signs of
      general toxicity, and no effects on the fertilization rate. The male B6C3F1 mouse
      was less responsive than the male Fischer 344/N rat to the reproductive toxic
      effects of DMMP.

PMID- 6440016
TI  - The effect of diphenylhydantoin on the frequency of micronuclei in bone-marrow
      polychromatic erythrocytes of mice.
AB  - Using the micronucleus test to evaluate the mutagenic effect of 5,5
      diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes, male Balb-C
      mice were treated with the drug in single and multiple injection tests. A
      significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic
      erythrocytes (MPE), P less than 0.05, was found when the mice received a single
      injection of DPH at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, and this frequency did not
      increase at higher doses. When mice were treated 3 times, at 24-h intervals, with
      1.0 mg/kg of DPH, a significant increase in MPE was also observed (P less than
      0.05) but this was lower than when they received a single injection of the same
      dose. A cytotoxic effect of NaOH, 0.1 N, which was used as solvent, was also
      observed either when alone or when DPH (1.0 mg/kg) was injected 3 times. This
      effect was comparable to the one produced by mitomycin C (MMC) at a dose of 0.5
      mg/kg.

PMID- 6440017
TI  - [A phenomenon of "growth stimulation" of yeasts tested for sensitivity to
      polyenes in the agar diffusion test].

PMID- 6440018
TI  - The occurrence of glycosomes (microbodies) in the promastigote stage of four
      major Leishmania species.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the occurrence of glycosomes (organelles resembling
      peroxisomes) in four major species of Leishmania (viz. L. major, L.m. mexicana,
      L. b. braziliensis and L. donovani), based on latency as well as differential and
      isopycnic centrifugation studies. The enzymes involved in glycolysis;
      (hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6
      bisphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase); glycerol metabolism (sn-glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase); carbon dioxide fixation
      (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and possibly malate dehydrogenase); together
      with an enzyme involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (3-beta
      hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase); a key enzyme in the synthesis of ether
      lipids (dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase) as well as the ADP utilising
      enzyme adenylate kinase, were all found associated, at least in part, with a
      subcellular organelle which had a buoyant density in sucrose gradients of 1.21 to
      1.24 g cm-3. Little variance in enzyme composition was found between the
      different species of Leishmania or in comparison with other members of the
      Trypanosomatidae, supporting the unifying principle that glycosomes are a unique
      characteristic of this family. The occurrence of important catabolic, anabolic
      and anaplerotic pathways in the glycosomes of Leishmania renders them prime
      targets for chemotherapy.

PMID- 6440019
TI  - Mutagenic effects of aflatoxin B-1 and G-1 on the Egyptian cotton leaf-worm,
      Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).
AB  - The aim of this study was to test infertility of the Egyptian cotton leaf-worm,
      Spodoptera littoralis. Three concentrations, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.0 micrograms/larva of
      aflatoxin B-1 and G-1 were applied to the final instar of the larval period. Both
      B-1 and G-1 induced mutagenic effects on spermatogenesis and morphogenesis which
      consequently reflected in infertility of Spodoptera littoralis. The phenomenon of
      mutagenicity was more obvious in larvae treated with G-1 rather than in those
      treated with B-1. The two analogues were also capable of inducing malformations
      in sperms. These abnormalities were transmitted to and inherited by the progeny.

PMID- 6440020
TI  - Fate of aflatoxin B-1 in fermented dairy products.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gel electropheresis and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were
      applied to detect the fate of aflatoxin B-1 in milk fermented with an active
      culture of Streptococcus lactis (ATCC-11454). TLC analysis revealed the formation
      of two fluorescent metabolites (B2a and R0) in fermented milk. Electropheretic
      analysis of both casein and whey protein showed fluorescent bands in the region
      of Kappa-casien and immunoglobulin which are glycoproteins in nature. The
      transformation of B-1 to the nontoxic metabolite B2a and the less toxic compound
      aflatoxicol (R0) reflects the preference for fermented dairy products in
      consumption in order to reduce chances of toxicity.

PMID- 6440021
TI  - [In vitro digestibility of original and modified protein isolate from faba
      beans].
AB  - Protein isolate from Vicia faba (API) and 18 different partial hydrolysates of
      API as well as plasteins produced from them were submitted to an in vitro
      digestion with pepsin and pancreatic proteases at their specific pH-optimum. By
      means of this technique a final value of hydrolysis (49,8 +/- 3,0)% was obtained
      with all investigated samples, in spite of the different intensity of the
      preliminary hydrolysis. Two samples with a degree of preliminary hydrolysis of
      35% showed with 55% and 56%, respectively, a significantly higher final value.
      From the results may be assumed that by means of partial hydrolysis and plastein
      formation only such peptides will be formed which are again hydrolyzable in
      vitro.

PMID- 6440022
TI  - Cocaine abuse: a review of current and experimental treatments.

PMID- 6440023
TI  - Neural mechanisms of the reinforcing action of cocaine.
AB  - Cocaine has multiple central and peripheral pharmacological actions. The action
      responsible for the rewarding property, and hence the abuse liability, of cocaine
      is an action in the dopaminergic synapse; in the rat the major set of critical
      dopaminergic synapses appears to be in the nucleus accumbens. Cocaine prolongs
      the activity of dopamine in the synapse by blocking the dopamine reuptake
      mechanism (which usually inactivates the transmitter by removing it from the
      proximity of its synaptic targets). This is an action shared with amphetamine; in
      addition to blocking the dopamine reuptake mechanism, amphetamine also augments
      dopaminergic function by augmenting dopamine release directly into the synapse.
      While amphetamine and cocaine have discriminable subjective effects, perhaps due
      to differences in rate of onset and metabolism or perhaps due to different side
      effects, cocaine shares its rewarding impact and abuse liability very closely
      with amphetamine. When drug access is unlimited, cocaine and amphetamine have the
      same ability to dominate behavior, reducing other behaviors such as feeding and
      sleeping and, in the process, reducing stress resistance to life-threatening
      levels. Opiates also owe their reinforcing properties to their ability to
      activate dopaminergic synapses in brain reward circuitry, though they activate
      the system at a different site and by a different local mechanism than those of
      amphetamine and cocaine. Where amphetamine and cocaine activate dopaminergic
      activity in the dopaminergic synapse, opiates activate dopaminergic activity by
      activating (or disinhibiting) the dopaminergic cell bodies. The site of rewarding
      action of opiates is the ventral tegmental area, where the dopaminergic cells
      projecting to the nucleus accumbens (as well as other targets) are located.
      Opiate actions that are restricted to this mechanism do not include opiate
      physical dependence; the dependence syndrome involves anatomically distinct
      systems in the brain, systems not activated by amphetamine or cocaine. While
      opiate physical dependence may contribute to the motivation for opiate intake in
      dependent subjects, it is not necessary for opiates to be habit-forming. The
      neural circuitry involved in the rewarding actions of cocaine, amphetamine, and
      the opiates is circuitry thought to be specialized for natural reward function.
      The circuit activated by these drugs is also activated by some cases of rewarding
      brain stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6440024
TI  - The pharmacology of cocaine.

PMID- 6440025
TI  - Assessment of the dependence potential of cocaine in animals.

PMID- 6440026
TI  - The behavioral pharmacology of cocaine in humans.

PMID- 6440027
TI  - Cocaine: a growing public health problem.

PMID- 6440028
TI  - Changing patterns of cocaine use: longitudinal observations, consequences, and
      treatment.
AB  - The literature describing contemporary cocaine use from 1970 to 1983 has been
      reviewed. Short-term studies published on users observed an initial period of
      social-recreational use supported by the belief that cocaine was safe. By the end
      of this period, both dosages and chronicity of cocaine use showed an escalation
      marked by increased adverse reactions. A longitudinal study tracked 99 social
      recreational users from 1975 to 1983. By 1983, 41 users had dropped out of the
      study while eight others had stopped all use. Of the 50 continuing users still in
      the study in 1983, 25 remained primarily social users with few negative effects
      and no toxic physical or psychological crises. The remaining 25 users, while
      engaged in some social use, were more frequently involved in other patterns.
      Sixteen users frequently escalated to circumstantial-situational patterns marked
      by some toxic physical effects but no psychological crises. Four users developed
      intensified (daily) patterns of use with episodes of both physical and
      psychological crisis reactions. Five users became compulsive users, smoking
      cocaine free base, and experienced crisis reactions in approximately 10 percent
      of their intoxications. The majority of users attempted to treat the
      hyperexcitability and stimulation of excessive cocaine use with multiple drug use
      or self-initiated strategies of controlled use or short-term abstinence. It is
      concluded that many of the social users are capable of controlling use with no
      escalation to more individual-oriented patterns. Others, by escalating patterns
      of use, increase the risks of dependency and toxicity.

PMID- 6440029
TI  - Restoration of circadian behavioural rhythms by gene transfer in Drosophila.
AB  - The per locus of Drosophila melanogaster has a fundamental role in the
      construction or maintenance of a biological clock. Three classes of per mutations
      have been identified: per mutants have circadian behavioural rhythms with a 29-h
      rather than a 24-h period, pers mutants have short-period rhythms of 19 h, and
      per mutants have no detectable circadian rhythms. Each of these mutations has a
      corresponding influence on the 55-s periodicity of male courtship song. Long- and
      short-period circadian rhythm phenotypes can also be obtained by altering the
      dosage of the wild-type gene: for example, females carrying only one dose of this
      X-linked gene have circadian rhythms with periodicities about 1 h longer than
      those carrying two doses. In a previous report, cloned DNA was used to localize
      several chromosomal rearrangement breakpoints that alter per locus function. The
      rearrangements all affected a 7-kilobase (kb) interval that encodes a 4.5-kb
      poly(A)+ RNA. We report here that when a 7.1-kb fragment from a per+ fly,
      including the sequences encoding the 4.5-kb transcript, is introduced into the
      genome of a per (arrhythmic) fly by P element-mediated transformation, circadian
      rhythmicity of behaviour such as eclosion and locomotor activity is restored. The
      transforming DNA complements per locus deletions and is transcribed, forming a
      single 4.5-kb poly(A)+ RNA comparable to that produced by wild-type flies.

PMID- 6440030
TI  - Primary structure of human T-cell receptor alpha-chain.
AB  - The T-cell receptor has been studied intensely over the past 10 years in an
      effort to understand the molecular basis for major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) restricted antigen recognition. The use of anti-receptor monoclonal
      antibodies to isolate and characterize the receptor from human and murine T-cell
      clones has shown that the protein consists of two disulphide-linked
      glycopeptides, alpha and beta, distinct from known immunoglobulin light and heavy
      chains. Like immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, however, both the alpha- and
      beta-chains are composed of variable and constant regions. Molecular cloning has
      revealed that the beta-chain is evolutionarily related to immunoglobulins, and is
      encoded in separate V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining) and C (constant)
      segments that are rearranged in T cells to produce a functional gene. We report
      here cDNA clones encoding the alpha-chain of the receptor of the human T-cell
      leukaemia line HPB-MLT. Using these cDNA probes, we find that expression of alpha
      chain mRNA and rearrangement of an alpha-chain V-gene segment occur only in T
      cells. The protein sequence predicted by these cDNAs is homologous to T-cell
      receptor beta-chains and to immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, particularly
      in the V and J segments.

PMID- 6440031
TI  - Variant (6 ; 15) translocation in a murine plasmacytoma occurs near an
      immunoglobulin kappa gene but far from the myc oncogene.
AB  - Chromosome translocations in B-lymphoid tumours are providing intriguing insights
      and puzzles regarding the role of immunoglobulin genes in the activation of the
      myc oncogene (reviewed in refs 1, 2). The 15 ; 12 translocations found in most
      murine plasmacytomas and the analogous 8 ; 14 translocation in human Burkitt's
      lymphomas involve scissions of murine chromosome 15 (human chromosome 8) near the
      5' end of the c-myc gene and subsequent fusion near an immunoglobulin heavy-chain
      gene. The less well characterized 'variant' translocations found in about 15% of
      such tumours also involve the myc-bearing chromosome band, but exchange occurs
      with a chromosome bearing an immunoglobulin light-chain locus--in mice, the kappa
      chain locus bearing chromosome 6 (refs 3-5) and, in man, chromosome 2 (or 22), at
      the same band at which the kappa (or lambda) locus lies (reviewed in ref. 1). The
      Burkitt variant translocations involve scissions 3' of c-myc; one 8 ; 22
      translocation placed the C lambda locus just 3' of c-myc, but usually the
      chromosome 8 breakpoint is a greater, but unknown, distance away from c-myc, more
      than 20 kilobases (kb) in one 8 ; 2 translocation involving the C kappa gene.
      Little is known about the murine 6 ; 15 translocations, although a C kappa gene
      cloned from one plasmacytoma (PC7183) is linked, via chromosome 12 sequences, to
      an unidentified region of chromosome 15 (ref. 11). We describe here the
      chromosome fusion region from plasmacytoma ABPC4, which displays the typical
      reciprocal 6;15 translocations. We find that the chromosome 6 breakpoint is near
      C kappa but, unlike those in the heavy-chain locus, not at a position where
      immunoglobulin genes normally recombine. Moreover, the chromosome 15 sequences
      involved in the ABPC4 translocation are not derived from the vicinity of c-myc.

PMID- 6440033
TI  - Treatment of metrizamide-induced mania.

PMID- 6440032
TI  - The effect of imipramine and desipramine on mixed function oxidase in rats.
AB  - The effects of imipramine and desipramine on hepatic mixed function oxidase were
      measured in male Wistar rats. Both antidepressants increased hepatic cytochrome P
      450 when given b.i.d. for 7 or 14 days. In vitro demethylation of imipramine was
      rather depressed than increased. 14CO2 exhalation from [N-methyl-14C]
      benzphetamine was increased by pretreatment with the antidepressants as well as
      with phenobarbital, but imipramine had no influence on the exhalation of the
      label from [6-methoxy-14C]- or [7-methoxy-14C]-scoparone. No difference was
      observed between treatment with imipramine or desipramine. It is concluded that
      changes of the demethylation rate of imipramine are not responsible for its
      delayed elimination observed after chronic treatment (Daniel et al. 1981).

PMID- 6440034
TI  - DRGs and the growth of home health care.

PMID- 6440035
TI  - [Is breast feeding natural?].

PMID- 6440036
TI  - College concern over Korner group's report on information.

PMID- 6440037
TI  - The challenge of a profession.

PMID- 6440038
TI  - A case of gamma-heavy chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

PMID- 6440039
TI  - Malignant hypertension in a woman with previous chronic lithium nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6440040
TI  - [Hypothalamic pubertas praecox (Part 2)].

PMID- 6440041
TI  - [Arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern].
AB  - Arachnoid cyst located near the quadrigeminal cistern has been reported as
      paracollicular arachnoid cyst, arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern,
      paramesencephalic arachnoid cyst, arachnoid cyst posterior to the third
      ventricle, cyst of the cisterna ambiens. The purpose of this paper is to present
      the clinical pictures, diagnostic studies and treatment of 5 cases of the
      arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. (1) The clinical symptoms and signs
      result from increased intracranial pressure without lateralizing signs (mid-line
      syndrome) due to hydrocephalus, precocious puberty and supra-collicular sign due
      to direct compression of the adjacent structures. (2) Endocrinological study of
      the pituitary gland shows no abnormal findings, but the patients with precocious
      puberty shows adult type response in LH and FSH. (3) Metrizamide CT
      cisternography could be considered as a safe and reliable neurological procedures
      in evaluating the communication between the cyst and the subarachnoid space as
      well as CSF dynamics, and subarachnoid space. (4) Patients were treated with
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt, followed by craniotomy and resection of the cyst wall
      with good results.

PMID- 6440042
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone increases plasma catecholamines and blood pressure
      in toads.
AB  - Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected intravenously into
      conscious, adult toads (Bufo marinus) to elucidate the nervous and cardiovascular
      actions of the hormone. GnRH (0.001-1.0 nmol X kg-1) produced dose-dependent
      increases in mean arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure, beginning within 3
      min after injection. These pressor responses to GnRH were specific to the hormone
      since they could be inhibited reversibly by [D-pGlu1, D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-GnRH.
      Arterial plasma concentrations of unconjugated catecholamines increased
      simultaneously with the rise in blood pressure following GnRH injection: the half
      maximal pressor dose of GnRH (0.1 nmol X kg-1) caused a 3-fold increase in plasma
      noradrenaline and a 20-fold increase in plasma adrenaline concentrations.
      Pretreatment of toads with an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, and a beta
      adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, abolished the pressor responses to GnRH. We
      conclude that GnRH mobilizes catecholamines, which act through alpha- and beta
      adrenergic mechanisms to raise blood pressure. Thus, endogenous GnRH or GnRH-like
      peptides may coordinate the pituitary, nervous and cardiovascular mechanisms
      which prepare toads for seasonal reproductive activity.

PMID- 6440043
TI  - Immunohistochemical characterization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-containing
      neurons in rat septum.
AB  - A sensitive and specific immunohistochemical technique has been used to reveal
      the distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in extrahypothalamic
      regions. Numerous cell bodies of the lateral septum were surrounded by profiles
      of dense, spotted TRH-containing axon terminals, suggesting the presence of
      synaptic contacts. The immunoreactive TRH was found to decrease markedly after
      electrolytic lesion of the medial preoptic area. The same lesions also lowered
      the septal content of TRH to 65%, as estimated by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6440044
TI  - Estimation of in vitro activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons by
      measurement of DOPA synthesis in the median eminence of hypothalamic slices.
AB  - A new method for estimation of in vitro neurosecretory activity of
      tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons was developed by measuring the
      rate of synthesis of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence of
      hypothalamic slices. Sagittal hypothalamic slices of ovariectomized rats were
      incubated in a medium containing 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015), an
      inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase. DOPA accumulated in the median eminence
      following incubation with NSD 1015 was determined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electro-chemical detection. The amount of DOPA accumulated in
      vitro in the median eminence was maximal in a medium containing 10 mM NSD 1015
      and linear up to 120 min at 37 degrees C. Increasing the concentration of
      tyrosine in medium stimulated the synthesis of DOPA in the median eminence. The
      synthesis of DOPA was blocked by 1 mM alpha-methyltyrosine, an inhibitor of
      tyrosine hydroxylase. The rate of in vitro synthesis of DOPA in the median
      eminence was 33% of that of in vivo synthesis. Incubation in a medium containing
      50 mM K+ to depolarize neurons caused a 2.4-fold increase in DOPA synthesis in
      the median eminence. The high K+-induced increase in DOPA synthesis was blocked
      by omission of Ca2+ and addition of 1 mM EGTA into the medium, suggesting Ca2+
      dependency of depolarization-activated DOPA synthesis. These results indicate
      that this in vitro assay is a useful means to study the regulatory mechanisms of
      TIDA neurons.

PMID- 6440045
TI  - Effect of steroid treatment on tonic and surge secretion of LH and FSH in the
      female golden hamster: effect of photoperiod.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether daily gonadotropin
      surges that occur in intact or ovariectomized hamsters kept in short days (less
      than 12 h of light/day) are manifest because of extremely low levels of steroids.
      Hamsters were ovariectomized and placed in 16L:8D or 10L:14D. After 10-13 weeks,
      animals in each photoperiod were divided among four treatment groups: estradiol
      implant plus progesterone injection 5 days later; estradiol implant plus water
      injection; empty implant plus progesterone injection; empty implant plus water
      injection. Blood samples were taken from animals in the morning and afternoon
      before and after various treatments. In animals not receiving estradiol, all
      short-day and some long-day females showed low morning values of LH and surge
      values in the afternoon. Estrogen suppressed morning and enhanced afternoon
      values of LH in long-day animals, intensifying the surge. However, in the
      presence of estrogen, these LH surges eventually diminished in both photoperiods.
      Progesterone hastened the loss of the LH surge. Hamsters did not consistently
      demonstrate FSH surges until treated with estrogen. Serum FSH in untreated
      hamsters was much higher in long-day than in short-day animals. Treatment with
      both steroids maximally suppressed morning and afternoon FSH levels in all
      hamsters. Thus, in the absence of estrogen, circadian expression of LH surges
      always occurs in short days; FSH surges sometimes occur. In all animals showing
      spontaneous or estrogen-induced surges, estrogen eventually leads to inhibition
      of gonadotropin secretion, particularly in the presence of progesterone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440046
TI  - The importance of the peripeduncular nucleus in the neuroendocrine control of
      sexual behavior and milk ejection in the rat.
AB  - Electrocoagulations situated in the lateral midbrain tegmentum cause severe
      deficits in sexual behavior and lactational performance of rats. In this study we
      determined the extent to which these effects could be reproduced by axon-sparing
      lesions using the excitotoxin, ibotenic acid; in another group of rats, 6-OHDA
      was infused in the same area to degenerate the mesencephalic catecholamine
      neuronal elements affected by the electrocoagulations. It was found that ibotenic
      acid, but not 6-OHDA, reproduced most of the effects produced by electrolytic
      lesions. Thus, female rats bearing ibotenic acid lesions showed little sexual
      receptivity and proceptivity in response to estrogen and progestin treatment, and
      the milk ejection reflex appeared nonfunctional following the lesion. Ibotenic
      acid-infused male rats failed to ejaculate on most postoperative observations,
      though they continued to mount he estrous female. Examination of the lesions with
      immunohistochemical visualization of tyrosine-hydroxylase- and substance P
      positive neurons, and thionine staining, revealed that the neurotoxins exhibited
      the intended selectivity, though the ibotenic acid lesions were associated with
      loss of substance P-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the substantia nigra and
      the peripeduncular region. It is suggested that the peripeduncular nucleus plays
      an important role in the neuroendocrine control of male and female copulatory
      behavior, as well as in the regulation of the milk ejection reflex.

PMID- 6440047
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of growth hormone-releasing factor-like
      material in the nervous system of an insect, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata).
AB  - Cells immunoreactive to antibodies raised against human pancreatic growth hormone
      releasing factor 1-44-NH2 (hp GRF) were detected in the brain and the
      suboesophageal ganglion of an insect. The presence of immunoreactive deposits
      within the insect neurohaemal organ, the corpora cardiaca and within the nervi
      corporis cardiaci which, at least, transfers part of the neurosecretory products
      of the brain to the corpora cardiaca, may indicate the participation of GRF-like
      substance in some neurohormonal function (s) in addition to having probably a
      neurotransmitter role within the nervous system.

PMID- 6440048
TI  - Multiple intradural arachnoid diverticuli: the need for complete myelography.
AB  - A 12-year-old boy presented with enuresis, leg weakness, and lower extremity
      spasticity. An initial lumbar water-soluble contrast myelogram disclosed an
      arachnoid diverticulum. After the insertion of a cystopleural shunt, the patient
      improved and was dry. However, 2 months later the patient became enuretic and
      developed weakness. Repeat myelography showed a second arachnoid diverticulum
      located in the midthoracic region. This second diverticulum was treated by
      marsupialization of the cyst wall to the subfascial space. The authors stress the
      need for complete myelography in patients with intradural spinal arachnoid
      diverticuli and present a brief review of the literature.

PMID- 6440049
TI  - Violent suicidal behavior and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-thyroid
      stimulating hormone test: a clinical outcome study.
AB  - A relation between abnormal response of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and a personal history of violent suicidal
      behavior was observed in a sample of 60 depressive women. Patients with a blunted
      TSH response to TRH were also at greater risk for subsequent suicide. There was
      no relationship between TSH response to TRH and age, severity of depression and
      polarity of the illness.

PMID- 6440050
TI  - An aging society and the federal deficit.
AB  - Programs of health care and economic assistance to the elderly already account
      for nearly half of all the federal government's domestic spending, and this
      proportion will rise rapidly over the next few decades. While conditions have
      improved for many persons, major subgroups--blacks, widowed women, and those aged
      85 and over--are increasingly vulnerable. The political-economic agenda of the
      post-election period will have to reconsider: guns vs. canes; means testing vs.
      entitlement; and public insurance vs. private savings and pensions.

PMID- 6440051
TI  - "The high cost of dying": what do the data show?
AB  - Assertions that we now spend too much of our medical dollar on the dying often
      imply a ready target for cost-containment efforts: frequency and intensity of
      expenditures at the end of life, especially for the aged. But available, although
      meager data suggest there has been neither a dramatic rise in the last 20 years
      in the use of the hospital as a place to die, nor of widespread use of "heroic"
      interventions on behalf of those who die. Rather, very sick patients receive
      intensive and expensive care; our ability to project rates of survival vs.
      terminal patient status warrants caution in approaches to medical economy.

PMID- 6440052
TI  - Virus surveillance in a semi-isolated Arctic military community.

PMID- 6440053
TI  - Heat-related problems in the desert: the environment can be an enemy.

PMID- 6440054
TI  - Planning a National Disaster Medical System.

PMID- 6440055
TI  - Arthroscopic surgery of the knee: a review of early Army experience.

PMID- 6440056
TI  - Prematurity among United States Air Force active-duty gravidas.

PMID- 6440057
TI  - The effectiveness of carefully monitored modified fast as adjuvant therapy for
      exogenous obesity in active duty personnel.

PMID- 6440058
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin, sucralfate, cimetidine, and antacid on gastric
      ulcer.

PMID- 6440059
TI  - Stokes-Adams attacks masquerading as epilepsy: case reports.

PMID- 6440060
TI  - Omental oxyuriasis: case report.

PMID- 6440061
TI  - Cryptococcal pleuro-pulmonary disease: infection of the pleural fluid in the
      absence of disseminated cryptococcosis. Case report.

PMID- 6440062
TI  - Bereavement: intervention following an accident involving multiple deaths and no
      survivors.

PMID- 6440063
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the female urethra: case report.

PMID- 6440064
TI  - [Radioisotope angiography evaluation of the changes induced by trinitroglycerin
      on left ventricular function].

PMID- 6440065
TI  - [Normal values of the urinary activity of 4 enzymes].
AB  - The urinary activity of 4 enzymes (NAG, GLU, GAL, GRS) was investigated in 105
      healthy subjects in order to evaluate the variability of standard levels and
      establish the degree of such variations in relation to sex, age, weight and
      height. The results obtained demonstrate that these enzymurias do vary in
      relation to the parameters examined. Age and sex produced the most pronounced
      variations though height and body weight also appeared to have some influence.
      The study of variations in standard levels is of value in the interpretation of
      pathological enzymurias.

PMID- 6440066
TI  - [B lymphoproliferative syndrome with characteristics common to chronic lymphatic
      leukemia, Waldenstrom disease and plasmacytic leukemia].
AB  - A case of lymphoproliferative disorder presenting some features of chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom's disease and plasmacell leukemia without the
      full diagnostic criteria of any of these diseases is reported. It clearly
      demonstrates the affinity existing among the various neoplasms of the B
      lymphocyte cell line.

PMID- 6440067
TI  - The effect of nerve growth factor and its antibodies on neurofilament protein
      expression in primary cultures of sensory and spinal neurons.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay has been used to quantify the binding of
      an antineurofilament monoclonal antibody, RT97, to primary cultures of embryonic
      chick dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord tissue. In the case of dorsal root
      ganglion cells a dose-dependent relationship between nerve growth factor (NGF)
      concentration and the level of RT97 binding was observed. This response could be
      antagonised by an anti-serum directed against NGF. In contrast, neither NGF nor
      the antiserum against NGF influenced the binding of RT97 in primary cultures
      initiated from chick spinal cord.

PMID- 6440068
TI  - An outbreak of meningococcal disease: implications for community medicine.
AB  - A local outbreak of five hospitalised cases of meningococcal disease, one of
      which was fatal, occurred over a period of three weeks in a small community in
      one health district. The events surrounding this outbreak illustrate many of the
      problems of dealing with the community medicine aspects of potentially serious
      infectious disease. Difficulties in the management of the outbreak are identified
      and contributing factors discussed.

PMID- 6440069
TI  - Medicare's reimbursement of physician services.

PMID- 6440070
TI  - Effect of topical trifluridine on Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis.
AB  - Six eyes of four patients with Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis were
      treated with trifluridine 1% drops. Five of the six treated eyes responded
      favorably to topical trifluridine therapy. Symptoms and later the signs of the
      disease disappeared, but more slowly than observed following topical
      corticosteroid therapy. One patient with an 11-year history of topical
      corticosteroid dependence for clearing of lesions was treated successfully with
      trifluridine, and his eyes have remained clear for over one year without therapy.
      Mild irritation and transient limbal follicle formation were the only recognized
      side effects. Trifluridine is thus an effective and safe alternative to
      corticosteroids in the treatment of this condition and may offer a means of
      treating the steroid-dependent patient.

PMID- 6440071
TI  - The effect of cytotoxic therapy on saliva and oral flora.
AB  - Oral complications of cytotoxic therapy result from direct mucosal damage and,
      indirectly, occur as a consequence of immunosuppression. Such problems are
      further exacerbated as a result of associated xerostomia and secondary infection.
      Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the salivary volume and
      composition (amylase, IgA, and lysozyme) together with the oral carriage of
      potential pathogens in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. A pilot study
      comparing healthy controls with patients on chemotherapy for malignant conditions
      indicated that there were differences between the two groups. Therefore, a
      longitudinal study was initiated and twelve patients were assessed prior to and 4
      and 12 weeks after the start of cytotoxic therapy. The 10-minute forced-spitting
      salivary volume and amylase and IgA levels all declined significantly over the 12
      week period. Lysozyme content did not change. A quantitative increase in the oral
      carriage of Candida species, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus was also
      observed during therapy. Hence, it is concluded that cytotoxic chemotherapy
      results in a decreased salivary flow, a reduction in salivary amylase and IgA,
      and an increase in the oral carriage of opportunistic pathogens.

PMID- 6440072
TI  - [Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in neonates during total parenteral
      nutrition].

PMID- 6440073
TI  - Nutritional considerations in the management of head and neck cancer patients.
AB  - Head and neck cancer patients are often malnourished. In addition, these patients
      also face nutritional problems related to the site of the tumor. Surgery and
      chemotherapy create additional difficulties in maintaining adequate nutritional
      status. Proper attention to the nutritional needs of these cancer patients is an
      important aspect of their overall management.

PMID- 6440074
TI  - Nonhypersomnolent patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Until recently, snoring had been considered both a medical enigma and a
      psychosocial problem. Snoring is now considered to be an acoustic phenomenon
      produced by vibration of the soft palate and the tonsillar pillars. We describe
      20 patients with a clinical complaint of excessive snoring who were referred to
      rule out obstructive sleep apnea. All patients were without symptoms of daytime
      sleepiness and failure of the right heart. Twenty subjects were studied, 18 of
      whom were males. All subjects were monitored for one full night in the Sleep
      Laboratory. The apnea rate ranged from 9.0 to 94.0 incidents an hour with a mean
      of 30.0. Eight of the 20 subjects had obstructive episodes longer than 1 minute
      and three others had episodes longer than 55 seconds. Hypersomnolence, long
      thought to be a cardinal symptom, is not present in all patients with an
      ostensibly significant degree of obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 6440075
TI  - Psychological and aesthetic considerations in outpatient facial plastic surgery.
AB  - The surgeon, medical and nonmedical staff, and the reception, consultation,
      treatment, surgical, and recovery areas constitute the basic elements of the
      office operating room complex. In reality these elements are an inseparable
      dynamic unit; however, for the purpose of discussion they have been examined
      separately to study their particular aesthetic and nonaesthetic psychological
      contributions to outpatient surgery. Knowing why a patient forms certain
      attitudes about the doctor, the office staff, and the office or suite and having
      some insight into how a patient perceives these same elements are very important
      to the young practitioner of facial plastic surgery. It is possible that in the
      contemporary medical world where there are many surgeons of equal ability,
      success may depend on understanding these psychological aspects.

PMID- 6440076
TI  - Neuropathologic changes following direct-current stimulation of the rat sciatic
      nerve.
AB  - Peripheral nerve stimulators can be of value in surgical dissections. Recent
      investigations have questioned the safety of direct-current nerve stimulators,
      while verifying the safety of pulsed-current nerve stimulators. However, the
      studies failed to adequately simulate the routine clinical setting in which a
      nerve stimulator was used. Therefore, an experiment was designed to approximate
      as closely as possible--given the limitations of the animal model--the use of a
      direct-current peripheral nerve stimulator in a surgical dissection. The results
      of this study did not show a difference between experimental and control groups.
      We conclude that direct-current nerve stimulation is safe when used judiciously
      and appropriately.

PMID- 6440077
TI  - Does the diagnosis of depression in head and neck cancer mask organic brain
      disease?
AB  - Scant attention has been paid to emotional changes as possible symptoms of
      impaired cerebral functioning in cancer patients. A retrospective study was
      conducted to determine the variety of organic brain syndromes (OBS) that
      presented with depressive symptoms in 20 head and neck cancer patients. The
      impressions of referring surgeons were in error in 16 patients (80%). Twelve
      (60%) had unsuspected OBS, with treatment resulting in reversal of symptoms in
      almost half. Of the eight patients with functional disorders, four received a
      final diagnosis of depression. Head and neck surgeons should be aware that (1)
      emotional changes in their patients frequently reflect OBS, some potentially
      reversible, (2) because of the ages of the patients, senile dementia may be a
      more common occurrence in head and neck cancer than suspected, and (3) because of
      the difficulties of evaluating changes in higher mental functions, more
      neuropsychiatric consultations may be warranted for head and neck patients.

PMID- 6440078
TI  - The patient requiring mechanical ventilatory support: use of the cuffed
      tracheostomy "talk" tube to establish phonation.
AB  - Many patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support via a cuffed tracheostomy
      tube possess a normal larynx and intact linguistic and cognitive abilities yet
      are unable to communicate normally because of the interruption of airflow through
      the intact larynx. The usual alternative means of communication such as writing,
      gesturing, or the use of an electrolarynx have obvious limitations and are often
      impossible when there is neurologic motor impairment. Frustration, depression,
      and compromised medical care are frequent side effects of the patient's inability
      to communicate. An adapted speaking-aid tracheostomy tube has been available
      since 1975 for the patient requiring mechanical ventilatory support. However,
      acceptance and satisfaction with this aid to phonation have not been uniform and
      there have been few claims of consistent acquisition of phonation. Reasons for
      success or failure have been unclear. We wish to report experience with the
      single-cuffed tracheostomy "talk" tube in 19 patients, 14 of whom acquired
      satisfactory functional laryngeal phonation. Indications for its use, technical
      aspects of the tube, solutions of common problems, and potential reasons for
      failure are discussed.

PMID- 6440079
TI  - Laryngectomee study: clinical and radiologic correlates of esophageal voice.
AB  - This study reports the results of an analysis of the relationship between
      clinical and radiologic factors, on the one hand, and the acquisition of
      esophageal speech, on the other. It involved 25 laryngectomees who underwent
      videofluoroscopy of their pseudoglottis at least 6 months following laryngectomy.
      Significant correlations were found between esophageal speech performance and
      each of the following variables: tumor size, pseudoglottis length, pseudoglottis
      shape, and presence of a geometric prominence on the posterior hypopharyngeal
      wall. The most important is the logarithmic correlation between speech skill and
      pseudoglottis length. Other factors that yielded controversial results in
      previous studies were not found significant in this investigation.

PMID- 6440080
TI  - Voice quality and intelligibility characteristics of the reconstructed larynx and
      pseudolarynx.
AB  - The ideal laryngeal substitute would provide a voice with good intelligibility,
      volume, and character. The basic components of these qualities are being studied
      in our laboratories to refine laryngeal reconstruction and replacement
      techniques. Exact definition of these characteristics may then be translated into
      specific requirements for reconstruction. In this study the phonation of
      laryngectomees using hand-held artificial laryngeal devices and patients with
      reconstructed larynges was compared with that of normal speakers. Presentations
      were evaluated by adult listeners with normal voice and hearing, and
      intelligibility scores were developed. These studies show, in part, that the
      fundamental frequencies at which various artificial speech aids are used do not
      significantly correlate with user intelligibility. Computerized spectral analysis
      was then utilized to ascertain the unique acoustic characteristics of the voices.
      Further computer analysis was carried out to determine what characteristics of
      the normal speakers' voices were shared in common with patients using artificial
      devices and patients with reconstructed larynges. Initial attempts at using these
      findings in laryngeal reconstruction based on computer modeling will be
      presented.

PMID- 6440081
TI  - Injuries to the bronchi and lungs caused by laser-ignited endotracheal tube
      fires.
AB  - A CO2 laser attached to an operating room microscope was used to produce
      extraluminal and intraluminal ignition of various endotracheal tubes in dogs.
      Extraluminal ignition was produced in Silastic and red rubber endotracheal tubes.
      The red rubber tube ignited before the tube lumen was penetrated. The Silastic
      tube failed to ignite while the cuff was inflated. When the cuff was deflated,
      ignition occurred before the lumen was penetrated. No lung or bronchial injuries
      were detected in the red rubber or Silastic endotracheal tube extraluminal fires.
      Intraluminal fires were produced in Silastic, red rubber, and polyvinylchloride
      (PVC) endotracheal tubes. Microscopic examination of the bronchi and lungs
      revealed severe injuries in dogs intubated with the PVC and red rubber
      endotracheal tubes. No injuries to the bronchi and lungs were detected in the
      Silastic tube group, although the potentially toxic effects of silica ash require
      further investigation.

PMID- 6440082
TI  - Safe instrumentation in laser surgery.
AB  - Safe instrumentation in laser surgery involves three basic principles. First, the
      armamentarium used in conjunction with the operative procedure should be
      nonflammable. Second, the surfaces of instruments should be nonreflective.
      Finally, there must be a provision for adequately evacuating smoke and steam from
      the operative field. This article discusses these principles and reviews
      instrumentation currently used in microlaryngeal and bronchoscopic laser surgery
      that satisfies these standards.

PMID- 6440083
TI  - Positional nystagmus.
AB  - Positional nystagmus may be persistent or transitory. Of the persistent forms,
      type I refers to nystagmus changing direction in different head positions and
      type II to nystagmus beating in a single direction. Both types may denote either
      peripheral or central abnormality. Transitory, or paroxysmal, positional
      nystagmus is classified as type III, and the history and physical and
      electronystagmographic features of its accompanying vertigo and nystagmus permit
      subdivision into typical and atypical forms. Guidelines are given for the
      differentiation of typical and atypical forms. In the great majority of cases
      type III positional nystagmus denotes a harmless inner ear disturbance, but the
      occasional serious intracranial lesion is also causative. Most instances of the
      latter, but not all, will fit in the atypical group. A case is reported of vermis
      metastasis with presenting features of postural vertigo and paroxysmal downbeat
      positional nystagmus.

PMID- 6440084
TI  - Head and eye movements in congenital nystagmus.
AB  - Patients with congenital nystagmus exhibit a wide range of unusual nystagmus
      waveforms and strategies to obtain maximum visual acuity. We investigated target
      acquisition strategies, head-eye coordination, and the effects of alteration of
      head position relative to gravity on congenital nystagmus waveforms in five
      patients. No changes in the nystagmus were found when patients' heads were placed
      in different positions relative to gravity. Two patients had distinctive
      abnormalities of head-eye coordination characterized both by failure of eye
      movement to precede head movement and by position of the eye in the orbit, after
      target acquisition, being in a direction opposite that of the head movement. We
      conclude that static changes in head position relative to gravity probably do not
      influence congenital nystagmus waveforms. In addition, some patients with
      congenital nystagmus may have abnormal head-eye coordination.

PMID- 6440085
TI  - Caloric tests.
AB  - The caloric test is still the most useful vestibular test by far. Rotatory tests
      may allow more accurate control of the stimulus and the response parameters may
      vary less in normal individuals, but only the caloric test allows individual
      testing of each ear. By various means described in this article, it is possible
      to minimize potential sources of error and thus maximize the reliability of the
      test. Although the test allows a good measure of horizontal semicircular canal
      function and, by inference, an estimate of labyrinthine disease, the fact that
      the reflex arc traverses the vestibular nerve and brain stem renders this pathway
      liable to damage by central vestibular disease. Thus the electronystagmographic
      recording of the caloric nystagmus response may show a variety of changes,
      depending on the site and nature of the central vestibular lesion. Some of these
      changes are discussed.

PMID- 6440086
TI  - A discussion of the dynamic illegible "E" test: a new method of screening for
      aminoglycoside vestibulotoxicity.
AB  - Although aminoglycoside antibiotics have been successful in controlling
      infections, the side effects of these drugs include vestibulotoxicity that can be
      irreversible. In a patient with intact visual and proprioceptive systems, the
      effects can be compensated for, but in a patient with impairment of one of these
      systems, loss of vestibular function can be devastating. There is little if any
      agreement in the literature about how to monitor patients undergoing therapy with
      these drugs. A reading test is described. It uses the ability of the vestibulo
      ocular reflex to stabilize an image during head movement. The test is quantified
      using change in visual acuity with head movement to monitor damage to the
      vestibular system. Patients with loss of vestibular function are incapable of
      performing the test. Some evidence points to the test being more sensitive than
      standard caloric irrigations. We propose that it be used to monitor patients
      receiving aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 6440087
TI  - Erythromycin ototoxicity: analysis and conclusions based on 22 case reports.
AB  - Although the majority of patients receiving erythromycin experience no hearing
      loss, certain patients are susceptible. Erythromycin ototoxicity data were
      analyzed on 20 patients from 13 reports in the English language literature as
      well as on two patients from the University of Missouri-Columbia. Patients were
      classified with respect to age, sex, premorbid diagnosis, renal/hepatic function,
      type of erythromycin used, dosage, duration of therapy, and route of
      administration. The following auditory effects were considered: onset of
      symptoms, degree and configuration of hearing loss, and recovery of hearing. The
      factors which, when combined with the use of high-dose erythromycin (greater than
      or equal to 2 gm/day), might place patients at risk for erythromycin ototoxicity
      are preexisting renal or hepatic disease, age (elderly), and perhaps being
      female. With knowledge of the predisposing factors and auditory effects, the
      clinician can more easily recognize hearing loss caused by erythromycin and
      properly counsel referring physicians and affected patients.

PMID- 6440088
TI  - Resistance of the auditory brain stem response to high barbiturate levels.
AB  - In the comatose patient the auditory brain stem response may be one of the few
      indices of CNS function available. Because barbiturates may be administered to
      control intracranial pressure and its sequelae, demonstration of the effect of
      barbiturates on the brain stem response is desirable. In cats preloaded with 63
      mg/kg of pentobarbital, intravenous injection of an additional 60 mg/kg reduced,
      but did not abolish, the later waves of the response. One cat that survived a
      cumulative dose of 183 mg/kg continued to show a well-defined brain stem
      response. Even doses of barbiturate nearly incompatible with survival do not
      abolish this response.

PMID- 6440089
TI  - The perceived severity of tinnitus. Some observations concerning a large
      population of tinnitus clinic patients.
AB  - Detailed information about tinnitus was obtained from over 1800 patients
      attending a tinnitus clinic. Patients rated their tinnitus severity on a scale
      from 1 to 10 and also provided information concerning the quality, duration,
      localization, and other attributes of their tinnitus. In addition to standard
      audiometric tests, patients received tests for tinnitus pitch, loudness,
      maskability, and residual inhibition, and provided a brief medical history. The
      severity ratings of over 90% were at or above the scale value of 5. There was no
      correlation between rated severity and the loudness of tinnitus (obtained by a
      loudness balance procedure using external sounds matching the tinnitus pitch),
      thus confirming earlier observations. The severity also was not related to the
      type, quality, or pitch of tinnitus sound heard. However, severity ratings were
      highly correlated with incidence of sleep disturbance. Additional observations
      concerning relationships between perceived severity and other patient
      characteristics are discussed.

PMID- 6440090
TI  - Placebo effect in tinnitus management.
AB  - Masking devices, lidocaine, and analog oral forms of lidocaine have all been
      reported as being effective forms of therapy to relieve tinnitus. Many studies,
      however, have used single-blind protocols and were possibly biased by placebo
      effects. To investigate the contributions of a placebo effect in clinical
      tinnitus studies, 25 tinnitus patients who had received a placebo injection in a
      previous double-blind lidocaine study were contacted on the pretense that they
      would receive a test dose of lidocaine; the 20 who responded were included in
      this study. A 5 cc bolus of placebo saline solution instead of lidocaine was then
      administered to each patient. Forty percent of the patients reported a change in
      their tinnitus following the placebo injection. The results of this study serve
      to point out the inherent flaws in straight clinical trials, and that the success
      rates achieved in such uncontrolled clinical investigations may be biased by the
      placebo effects.

PMID- 6440091
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the auditory system in children deafened by meningitis.
AB  - Twenty-five children deafened by meningitis were compared with 10 congenitally
      deaf children on cochlear implant performance. All subjects had met the
      audiologic criterion of profound deafness as required for implant surgery. Twenty
      subjects in the meningitis group had some degree of ossification at the round
      window, and drilling was required for electrode insertion into the scala tympani.
      In six of these subjects, bone completely filled the scala. There was a
      significant relationship between extensive ossification and the etiologic
      pathogen Diplococcus pneumoniae, as determined by radiologic and surgical
      reports. Postoperative results revealed that all subjects could be electrically
      stimulated, except for one with extensive bone formation. On implant performance,
      the meningitis group demonstrated sound-field thresholds comparable to those of
      the group with congenital deafness but required significantly higher voltage
      settings. These findings suggest that even with extensive labyrinthine
      ossification caused by meningitic deafness, neural elements are present and can
      be stimulated if enough power can be safely provided.

PMID- 6440092
TI  - Development of an implantable hearing aid using a piezoelectric vibrator of
      bimorph design: state of the art.
AB  - A new, implantable hearing aid has been developed. An ultraminiature electric
      microphone placed under the skin of the external ear canal transduces sound waves
      into electrical impulses that are amplified with battery power. The amplified
      electrical impulses are fed into a piezoelectric vibrator directly in contact
      with the stapes. The vibrator transduces the electrical impulses into mechanical
      vibration with minimal consumption of electrical energy. Direct coupling of the
      vibrator to the stapes allows a high degree of fidelity in the perception of
      sound. The developmental process and the structure and function of each component
      are described together with clinical problems. Preliminary and tentative
      implantation of this new device during middle ear surgery indicated that it would
      be beneficial to patients who have suffered hearing loss from middle ear disease
      and whose condition does not lend itself to surgical correction.

PMID- 6440093
TI  - Pharyngeal obstruction by Kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual male with acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - A homosexual man with AIDS developed multifocal KS with involvement of the
      palate, larynx, trachea, and esophagus. Symptoms included dysphagia and gagging
      with resultant inanition. Short-course local radiation therapy effectively
      resolved the mucosal KS lesions in the treated areas. Other otolaryngologic
      manifestations included herpes stomatitis and oral candidiasis.

PMID- 6440094
TI  - A new laser-laryngoscope coupler.
AB  - A new generation of laser surgery of the larynx is possible with this laser
      laryngoscopic coupler. The applications are numerous. The surgeon can custom
      tailor his working environment rather than stretching himself to the demands of
      the equipment and can adjust the laser to meet the surgical needs of the
      patient's disease. No longer must large quantities of tissue be ablated. Fine
      incisions can be made, pathologic margins can be more clearly examined, and
      smaller lesions can be treated and biopsied with increased tissue conservation
      and precision.

PMID- 6440095
TI  - Prospective payment strategy--is it working?

PMID- 6440096
TI  - Neuromuscular physiology of Hymenolepis diminuta and H. microstoma (Cestoda).
AB  - The physiology of the neuromuscular systems in Hymenolepis diminuta and H.
      microstoma was studied in vitro using intact, adult worm and strips of worm body
      wall. Intact worms were insensitive to ionic changes in the in vitro buffering
      system. However, strips of body wall containing longitudinal muscles were
      extremely sensitive to ionic manipulation. In intact worms tension generated in
      the strobila had two components; small brief tension peaks up to 500 mg amplitude
      are superimposed on larger, longer peaks of up to 1200 mg amplitude. Removal of
      the scolex and neck region either failed to show significant changes in tension,
      or showed a reduction in amplitude but not of frequency. Muscle contraction of
      both H. diminuta and H. microstoma were qualitatively similar. In split-worm
      preparations the concentration of Ca2+ in the bathing solution significantly
      affected both spontaneous and evoked contractions in H. diminuta and H.
      microstoma; the addition of CaCl2 greatly reduced the amplitude and frequency of
      the contractions. The chloride salts of cobalt, barium, cadmium and manganese
      elicited prolonged contractions of the longitudinal musculature of both H.
      diminuta and H. microstoma. While CoCl2 was the most effective in stimulating
      muscle contraction, the magnitude of the response varied with the concentration
      of Ca2+ in the bath. The results indicate that peripheral inhibition is extremely
      important in cestode motor control and that extracellular calcium ions may
      regulate the peripheral inhibitory mechanisms.

PMID- 6440097
TI  - [Epidemiological surveillance of beta-lactamase-producing gonococci. II-
      Characterization of plasmids of 66 strains isolated in France (May 1979-March
      1983)].
AB  - Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae PPNG (66 strains have been examined
      for the presence of plasmids coding for beta-lactamase. The 3.2 Mdal plasmid was
      present in 27/66 (41%) of strains. The 4.5 Mdal plasmid was present in 30/66
      (45%) of strains. The association 2.6 Mdal 4.5 Mdal plasmids were only present in
      9/66 (13.6%) of strains. The cryptic plasmid of 2.6 Mdal was always present.

PMID- 6440098
TI  - [Early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hemoculture media enriched with
      nitrates].
AB  - Addition of a small amount of nitrates in blood culture media enhances growth of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and permits earliest detection of that bacteria even in
      anaerobes media.

PMID- 6440099
TI  - A rapid quantitative determination of low concentrations of IgG using 125I
      labelled protein A.
AB  - 125I labelled protein A was used to develop a solid phase radioassay for the
      determination of low concentrations of immunoglobulins G in serum, cerebrospinal
      fluid, and lymphocyte culture supernatants. This radio-assay is sensitive (200
      ng/ml), rapid, technically simple and economical. There is no significant cross
      reaction with IgA and IgM. The assay does not require any specific reagents and
      gives a good correlation with radial immunodiffusion test (serum: r = 0,83; CSF:
      r = 0,913).

PMID- 6440100
TI  - Inhibitory substances in horse sera used in the preparation of microbiological
      culture media.
AB  - The failure of N. gonorrhoeae to grow on isolation media was found to be due to
      inhibitory substances present in commercially available horse sera. Subsequent
      investigations indicated that the inhibitory action of the horse serum may have
      been due to antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and
      beta hemolytic streptococci. This experience highlights the need for media
      quality control programmes in laboratories which prepare microbiological culture
      media.

PMID- 6440101
TI  - [Role of the sympathetic nervous system in changes in systemic hemodynamics and
      myocardial contractility in rats with hereditarily induced hypertension].

PMID- 6440102
TI  - [Correction of carbohydrate metabolic disorders in pancreatectomized rats by
      transplantation of the islands of Langerhans into the liver].

PMID- 6440103
TI  - [Effect of the preliminary administration of homologous lung antigen on the
      fixation of fungal antigen in rabbit organs].

PMID- 6440104
TI  - [Rh blood-group system].

PMID- 6440105
TI  - [Genetic bases of the variability of antibodies].

PMID- 6440106
TI  - [Study of several genetic factors in diabetic pregnancy].

PMID- 6440107
TI  - [Interaction between HLA, Gm and sex in the predisposition to celiac disease].

PMID- 6440108
TI  - [Method of eliminating inhibition by antibiotics in the Guthrie test for
      phenylketonuria].

PMID- 6440109
TI  - [Hepatic lesions in rats with aflatoxin B1 poisoning].

PMID- 6440110
TI  - [Role of tobacco and oral contraception in myocardial infarction in the female.
      Description of a case].

PMID- 6440111
TI  - Responsiveness of the pituitary-testicular axis to gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      and chorionic gonadotropin during the first week of life.
AB  - Qualitative changes are known to occur in testicular steroidogenesis at birth as
      the testosterone peak is reached without significant elevation of basal
      luteinizing hormone in the 2nd wk of life. This study was designed to evaluate
      testicular activity prior to these changes. Pituitary-testicular function was
      studied by measuring serum gonadotropins and steroids after stimulation by
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (one intravenous injection) and human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (three intramuscular injections). The subjects had
      minor genital anomalies; their ages ranged from 2 to 6 days. All had a strong
      luteinizing hormone response and a weaker follicle-stimulating hormone response
      to GnRH stimulation. hCG induced significant increases in serum pregnenolone, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone.
      Serum estradiol and estrone did not change, and progesterone decreased. The
      results clearly show that the pituitary-testicular axis is functional neonatally.
      The responsiveness of the testis to hCG supports the assumption that the
      postnatal decrease of testicular steroids is due to the simultaneous
      disappearance of hCG from the circulation. The neonatal testis does not show any
      estradiol response to hCG, which is a feature typical of prepuberty.

PMID- 6440112
TI  - The effects of variations in PaCO2 on brain blood flow and cardiac output in the
      newborn piglet.
AB  - The acute effects of normoxemic hypocarbia and hypercarbia were examined in six
      newborn piglets. Brain blood flow was maintained during hypocarbia until
      extremely low PaCO2 (less than 15 mm Hg) levels were achieved at which time total
      brain and cerebral blood flow decreased significantly from baseline values. Blood
      flow to the thalamus, cerebellum and brain stem was unchanged from baseline
      conditions during hypocarbia. This suggests that the newborn brain is relatively
      insensitive to moderate degrees of hypocarbia. Extreme hypocarbia (PaCO2 less
      than 15 mm Hg) was associated with a significant increase in heart rate,
      accompanied by a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure; however,
      cardiac output was not significantly different from baseline determinations.
      Hypercarbia with normoxemia was associated with significant increases in total
      brain blood flow, with greater blood flow to the brain stem, cerebellum, and
      thalamus than to the cerebrum. The percentage of cardiac output received by the
      brain was also significantly increased, although total cardiac output was
      unchanged. This demonstrates that the newborn cerebral vasculature is sensitive
      to hypercarbia and that regional differences in sensitivity may account for the
      greater increments in blood flow to the caudal portions of the brain than that to
      the cerebrum.

PMID- 6440113
TI  - Inherited lactic acidosis: correction of the defect in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - We report a case of familial lactic acidosis, lethal in the newborn period.
      Studies in intact fibroblasts identified a defect in the oxidative pathway of
      pyruvate metabolism. Although assay of pyruvate dehydrogenase on cell sonicates
      was not appreciably reduced, flux through the enzyme and other mitochondrial
      multienzyme dehydrogenases was severely impaired in intact cells. Deficient
      lactate conversion to carbon dioxide could be repaired by the addition to the
      incubation medium of electron acceptors such as methylene blue (25 micrograms/ml)
      or dichlorophenolindophenol (25 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 6440114
TI  - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone on
      serum TSH, PRL, hGH, FSH and LH in primary testicular failure and in
      hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
AB  - Infertile males with primary testicular failure, 6 with normal (Group I) and 7
      with elevated gonadotropin levels (Group II), 9 patients with Klinefelter's
      syndrome (Group III) and 5 patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (Group
      IV) were investigated. Their serum TSH, PRL, hGH, FSH and LH responses to a
      single bolus of 200 micrograms TRH and 100 micrograms GnRH were measured and
      compared to the corresponding values obtained in 8 fertile healthy males of the
      same age group. The testosterone levels differed from the control only in the
      last two groups. Neither the basal TSH level nor the delta TSH differed between
      the groups. The latter was significant in all groups. The basal PRL level was
      similar in each group except in Group II. where the level was low. After TRH-GnRH
      treatment the PRL level increased significantly in each group but this increase
      was less in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (9.94 +/- 2.6 nmol/l)
      when compared to the patients with primary testicular failure (Groups I, II, III,
      together, n = 22 17.10 +/- 2.12 nmol/l P less than 0.05). The basal levels of hGH
      and delta GH did not differ significantly between the groups. Both FSH and LH
      showed an exaggerated and protracted increase in patients with primary testicular
      failure with elevated basal gonadotropin level after TRH-GnRH, while in
      hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism the response was slight. Neither the serum
      testosterone nor the serum FSH or LH level influenced the response of TSH and hGH
      to the TRH-GnRH test.

PMID- 6440115
TI  - Hyperprolactinaemia and female infertility.
AB  - The clinical use of bromocriptine was investigated in 50 hyper- and 30
      normoprolactinaemic women attending an infertility clinic and presenting with
      anovulatory cycles, oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea and the complaint that they
      had failed to become pregnant. The results confirmed that bromocriptine is
      effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemic states. Bromocriptine supresses
      prolactin secretion irrespective of the underlying pathologic process.
      Hyperprolactinaemia in humans is frequently associated with anovulation. Serum
      prolactin values showed no close correlation with the degree of menstrual
      abnormalities or galactorrhoea. Basal FSH and LH levels and the gonadotropin
      response to LH-RH were essentially normal in hyperprolactinaemia. Circulating E2
      levels were largely subnormal suggesting an inhibitory effect of prolactin on
      ovarian E2 production. Prolactin levels over 100 ng/ml are suggestive of
      pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 6440116
TI  - Episodic secretion of hormones and the diagnostic value of single blood
      estimates. I. LH, FSH, prolactin.
AB  - The episode fluctuation of serum LH, FSH and prolactin levels in peripheral blood
      was studied to determine the reliability of single estimates of the average blood
      level. Radioimmunoassay of the hormones was performed in serum withdrawn every 10
      min between 8 and 12 h a.m. from 8 healthy women in various periods of the
      menstrual cycle. The rate of fluctuation of the hormone levels was characterized
      by the within-person coefficient of variation of single estimates, which averaged
      30.3, 15.1 and 19.2% for LH, FSH and prolactin, respectively. Due to a pronounced
      fluctuation of gonadotropin levels, analysis of several serum samples is
      recommended to approach the actual mean hormone level.

PMID- 6440117
TI  - Non-specific drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in Gilbert disease.
AB  - Gilbert disease was diagnosed in a 15-year-old boy on the basis of the clinical
      pattern and the changing drug-metabolizing capacity of the liver-enzyme
      apparatus, which was drug-induced.

PMID- 6440118
TI  - Human evolution: many small steps, but not punctuated equilibria.

PMID- 6440119
TI  - Case example: long-term-care--based hospice program.

PMID- 6440120
TI  - Zinc ions are differentially required for the transcription of ribosomal 5S RNA
      and tRNA in a HeLa-cell extract.
AB  - Chelation of divalent cations by 5 mM EDTA and subsequent removal by dialysis
      from a cytoplasmic HeLa cell extract leads to a complete loss of 5S rRNA
      transcription without affecting tRNA synthesis. Transcription complexes for 5S
      RNA can no longer be assembled in such a zinc-depleted extract and this ability
      can be fully restored only by the re-addition of 5 microM zinc. Reconstitution
      experiments with isolated protein fractions show that transcription factor A from
      HeLa-cells requires zinc to exert its specific function. Pre-formation of
      transcription complexes partially protects the metal ion against removal by
      chelation even in the presence of 1.8 M KCl. These results indicate that the zinc
      ions are bound to mammalian transcription factor IIIA which, in a transcription
      complex, binds very strongly to the 5S RNA gene. Cation depletion with 75 mM EDTA
      also suppresses tRNA transcription; an effect which is reversible by zinc
      addition. We conclude that beside for the binding of TF IIIA, zinc is also bound
      with a different affinity to a transcription component common to 5S and tRNA
      synthesis, most likely polymerase III itself.

PMID- 6440121
TI  - Partial methylation of two adjacent adenosines in ribosomes from Euglena gracilis
      chloroplasts suggests evolutionary loss of an intermediate stage in the methyl
      transfer reaction.
AB  - Bacterial, cytoplasmic and organellar ribosomes from a wide phylogenetic spectrum
      of organisms have a characteristic m6(2)Am6(2)A structure near the 3' end of the
      RNA of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU). We have studied one of the few
      exceptions to this extremely conserved post-transcriptionally modified sequence,
      i.e. dimethylation of only one of the two A's in chloroplasts from Euglena
      gracilis. It was established that only the A closest to the 5' end is
      dimethylated, the other one being unmodified. The methylation reaction was
      studied in vitro using ribosomes from a kasugamycin resistant mutant (ksgA) of
      Escherichia coli and purified methyl-transferase. Using limited amounts of the
      methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) a partial level of methylation (50% of
      control) was attained. It is shown that in this case the 3' proximal A is
      dimethylated while the other is not. This suggests that dimethylation takes place
      in two successive stages. Apparently in E. gracilis chloroplasts the first stage
      of methylation does not occur.

PMID- 6440123
TI  - Accreditation review: strategies, costs, and benefits.

PMID- 6440122
TI  - Immunoglobulin genes of different subgroups are interdigitated within the VK
      locus.
AB  - The variable regions of immunoglobulins are encoded by multigene families which
      are rearranged during B-cell differentiation. These families were classified in
      groups and subgroups based on their amino acid sequences. Genes belonging to a
      distinct subgroup are believed to occur in the genome within clusters. We are
      investigating the organization of human variable region genes of the kappa type
      (VK genes, ref. 1) in the germline and found now for the first time that VK
      sequences of three of the four different subgroups are interdigitated within the
      VK locus. We present evidence for the interspersion of two VKIII genes and a VKII
      pseudogene within an array of five VKI genes. All eight VK sequences are arranged
      in the same orientation. An evolutionary model for the generation of this 'mixed
      cluster' is discussed.

PMID- 6440124
TI  - Last of big spenders?

PMID- 6440125
TI  - Meningococcal group Y disease in children.
AB  - Neisseria meningitidis Group Y has been considered to be an uncommon pathogen in
      children. We reviewed the cases of Group Y meningococcal disease in children
      managed at our institution from 1974 through 1982. Twenty-four percent (6 of 25
      cases) of the meningococcal disease in children between 5 and 20 years of age was
      caused by N. meningitidis Group Y. This serogroup of meningococcus was not
      isolated from children younger than 5 years of age. Meningococcemia characterized
      by purpura fulminans was the most common presentation. Pneumonia, a common
      presentation of Group Y meningococcal disease in military recruits, was not
      observed. Group Y meningococcal disease had emerged as a cause of meningococcemia
      and meningitis in older children and adolescents.

PMID- 6440126
TI  - Individualization of tobramycin dosage in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Tobramycin was administered to 52 patients, ages 2 months to 27 years, with
      cystic fibrosis during acute exacerbation of Pseudomonas-related pulmonary
      infection. Elimination pharmacokinetics of tobramycin was characterized for each
      patient after intravenous administration using a standardized infusion technique.
      The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for Pseudomonas strains
      isolated from 26 of the 52 patients. The pharmacokinetic parameters of individual
      patient were used to adjust the dose and dosing interval to maintain the serum
      concentration of tobramycin above the minimal inhibitory concentration for the
      infecting organism for at least 75% of the dosing interval without exceeding the
      maximum concentration of 12 micrograms/ml or a minimum concentration of 2.0
      micrograms/ml. This resulted in an increase of the mean daily dose of tobramycin
      to 12 mg/kg from an initial mean dose of 5.5 mg/kg and a reduction of the dosing
      interval from 8 hours to 4 or 6 hours for patients greater than 1 year of age.
      Significant differences between the pharmacokinetic profiles of the infants and
      older patients were observed.

PMID- 6440127
TI  - Systemic tinea versicolor, or how far can furfur go?

PMID- 6440128
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis B core antibody in family members treating patients with
      hemophilia.

PMID- 6440129
TI  - Controlled drinking revisited: a review.

PMID- 6440130
TI  - [Synergistic effect of new beta-lactam antibiotics, clavulanic acid and dibekacin
      on pathogenic microorganisms].

PMID- 6440131
TI  - Ocular manifestations of the neurocutaneous syndromes.
AB  - Ocular involvement occurs frequently in the disorders known as neurocutaneous
      syndromes or phakomatoses. Recognition of characteristic eye lesions in the
      context of related skin and systemic abnormalities may be crucial to making the
      diagnosis of a neurocutaneous syndrome. Ocular disease in these conditions may be
      the cause of serious morbidity, leading to blindness or disfigurement, but
      successful treatment is often possible. All clinicians involved in the care of
      patients with neurocutaneous syndromes should have some familiarity with their
      ophthalmologic aspects. This review deals with ocular manifestations of
      neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Sturge-Weber syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau
      disease, ataxia telangiectasia, and Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome. Clinical signs and
      symptoms, differential diagnosis, and natural history are considered in detail,
      with brief discussion of pathophysiology and management. No specialized knowledge
      of eye disease in general is presumed.

PMID- 6440132
TI  - Case 2. Placenta of erythroblastosis and maternal hepatitis.

PMID- 6440133
TI  - Cost-benefit evaluation of house fly (Diptera:Muscidae) control in caged layer
      poultry houses.
AB  - House fly (Musca domestica L.) control was determined in small-unit, commercial,
      caged layer poultry houses. Cyromazine was the most cost effective treatment (4
      per bird per season) and provided the highest level of control. Larviciding and
      adulticiding with dimethoate, fenthion and dimethoate, permethrin and dimethoate,
      and stirofos provided good fly control, and these treatments were moderately cost
      effective. The use of dichlorvos-stirofos provided only marginal fly control and
      was not cost effective. Early-season manure removal, combined with more selective
      insecticide use would provide the caged layer producer with a more effective
      management strategy for controlling house flies in small-unit operations.

PMID- 6440134
TI  - The effect of different dietary protein levels in the rearing and laying periods
      on performance of white Leghorn chickens.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three rearing and four
      laying protein regimens on growth and subsequent performance of a commercial
      strain of White Leghorn chickens. In the rearing period, the pullets of the
      control group received a sequence of 18, 15, and 12% protein for 0 to 6, 6 to 14,
      and 14 to 20 weeks of age, respectively. The pullets of the low-protein rearing
      regimens received either 18 and 12% protein for 0 to 6 and 6 to 20 weeks of age,
      respectively, or 18, 12, and 15% protein for 0 to 6, 6 to 18, and 18 to 20 weeks
      of age, respectively. Birds of each rearing group received four laying regimens
      from 20 to 72 weeks of age. These consisted of a diet containing 16.5% protein, a
      diet containing 14.5% protein, a moderate step-down protein regimen (MSP) of 18,
      16.5, and 15.5% protein for 20 to 36, 36 to 60, and 60 to 72 weeks of age,
      respectively, and a low step-down protein regimen (LSP) of 16.5, 15.5, 14.5, and
      13.5% protein for 20 to 36, 36 to 48, 48 to 60, and 60 to 72 weeks of age,
      respectively. The level of total sulfur amino acids were maintained at .59% and
      the minimum level of lysine was .68% in the laying rations. Birds fed the low
      protein rearing regimens were significantly lighter at 20 weeks of age, consumed
      significantly less feed, energy, and protein in the rearing period, and their age
      at 50% production was delayed by 2 to 3 days compared to control fed birds. Birds
      fed the low-protein rearing regimens produced fewer eggs and slightly lighter
      weight eggs during the first laying phase. However, overall egg production, egg
      size, and feed consumption were not influenced by the protein levels in the
      rearing period. Pullets receiving the 14.5% protein diet in the laying period
      produced significantly fewer and lighter weight eggs and consumed significantly
      less protein and lysine than those fed the 16.5% protein diet. Overall egg
      production, egg weight, and nutrient intake of birds of the MSP groups were not
      significantly different from those fed the 16.5% protein diet. Egg production was
      similar for the birds of the LSP groups compared to those receiving the 16.5%
      protein diet, whereas egg weight, protein, and lysine intake were significantly
      lower for the birds of the LSP group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6440135
TI  - Influence of dietary electrolytes on digestive tract pH and acid-base status of
      chicks.
AB  - The nutritional interaction of lysine and arginine is affected by the electrolyte
      balance of the diet. Because the ionization and, therefore, the transport and
      metabolism of these amino acids may be affected by the pH of fluids in which they
      are dissolved, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary
      electrolytes on the pH of the digestive tract and the acid-base status of the
      chicken. A purified casein diet deficient in arginine was modified by addition of
      either KHCO3 or CaCl2 X 2H2O at levels sufficient either to alleviate or to
      exacerbate the lysine-arginine antagonism. Addition of KHCO3 led to a more
      alkaline diet than the arginine-deficient control while CaCl2 X 2H2O resulted in
      a more acidic diet. Varying the electrolyte balance had little effect on
      digestive tract pH. The pH of the crop was depressed (P less than .05) by dietary
      Cl-, but neither Cl- nor K+ had an effect on the pH of the proventriculus,
      duodenum, or middle and distal portions of the small intestine (P greater than
      .05). Dietary Cl- significantly depressed plasma bicarbonate, base excess, and
      PCO2 (P less than .05) but did not significantly decrease plasma pH (P greater
      than .05). These same acid-base parameters were unaffected by addition of K+ to
      the control diet. It is concluded that variations in dietary electrolytes affect
      the acid-base balance of the chicken and alter the pH of the crop. However, the
      pH of the digestive tract from the proventriculus to the distal small intestine
      is unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440136
TI  - Growth hormone release in chickens after oral administration of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone.
AB  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was administered directly into the crops of
      male broiler chickens. Significant increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels
      were attained within 30 min after administration of saline solutions containing
      from 10 to 200 micrograms of TRH. Growth hormone levels remained elevated for 120
      min when TRH solutions were introduced into crops of ad libitum-fed birds but for
      a shorter period in fasted birds. Repeated introduction of 200 micrograms of TRH
      at 30-min intervals failed to sustain elevated plasma GH levels. Introduction of
      50 or 200 micrograms of TRH into the crop in a corn meal vehicle caused a marked
      elevation in plasma GH levels within 30 min. Levels remained significantly
      elevated up to 90 min after the introduction of the higher dose, but by 120 min
      posttreatment GH levels were not significantly different than controls.
      Thyrotropin releasing hormone that had been stored in solution for 24 or 48 hr
      was nearly as effective in releasing GH as was a freshly prepared solution.

PMID- 6440137
TI  - A method for the synthesis of [14C]-kynurenine.
AB  - A new method is described for the synthesis of [14C]-labelled L-kynurenine from
      [14C]-L-tryptophan, using extracts of tryptophan-adapted cells of Pseudomonas
      marginalis. It is based on the selective, rapid inactivation of kynureninase by a
      newly discovered inhibitor of this enzyme, 3-chloro-L-alanine. The yield of [14C]
      kynurenine produced in this manner is 76% theoretical.

PMID- 6440138
TI  - Immunochemical studies on the Kunitz type inhibitors from bovine spleen.
AB  - Specific immunoglobulins for bovine spleen inhibitor IV, which is identical to
      the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz inhibitor) from bovine lung, were
      purified from the serum of immunized rabbits. Immunological and immunochemical
      experiments have shown that the four inhibitors previously isolated from bovine
      spleen are cross-reacting antigens with the anti-inhibitor IV - antiserum;
      however, part of the antibodies are precipitated by inhibitors I, II and III,
      whereas the remaining ones are only specific for the antigenic determinants
      present on the inhibitor IV molecule.

PMID- 6440139
TI  - [Functional state of the pituitary-ovarian system in women with a history of
      habitual abortion].
AB  - A total of 31 women suffering from habitual abortion have been examined when not
      pregnant. Both increased and normal prolactin levels were recorded. In
      hyperprolactinemia the level of the luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion was high
      and no ovulatory peaks were detected, whereas in normal prolactin secretion the
      level of LH was moderately increased during all phases of the menstrual cycle.
      Secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone was normal in both groups. Sex steroid
      secretion was disturbed.

PMID- 6440140
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of protein complexes of mycobacteria isolated from
      patients].

PMID- 6440141
TI  - Essential site for growth rate-dependent regulation within the Escherichia coli
      gnd structural gene.
AB  - Expression of gnd of Escherichia coli, which encodes the hexose monophosphate
      shunt enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD; EC 1.1.1.44), is subject to
      growth rate-dependent regulation: the level of the enzyme is directly
      proportional to growth rate under a variety of growth conditions. Previous
      results obtained with strains carrying transcriptional fusions of gnd to the
      structural genes of the lactose operon suggested that the growth rate-dependent
      regulation of gnd expression is at the post-transcriptional level. To
      characterize the regulation further, we prepared with phage MudII a set of eight
      independent gnd-lac gene (protein) fusions. We showed through genetic analysis
      and DNA sequencing that each fusion joint was located within the 6PGD-coding
      sequence between the first and second base pair of a codon, the reading frame
      required for production of a hybrid 6PGD-beta-galactosidase. Strains harboring
      the gnd-lac fusion plasmids produced proteins whose mobility in a
      NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel agreed with the molecular weights predicted from the
      DNA sequence for the respective hybrid proteins. The level of beta-galactosidase
      was high and relatively growth rate-independent in the fusion whose fusion joint
      was at codon 48. The level of beta-galactosidase in the other seven fusion
      strains whose fusion joints were located further downstream in the 6PGD-coding
      sequence showed the same dependence on growth rate as 6PGD in a normal strain.
      beta-Galactosidase levels were not affected by the presence of a gnd+ gene in
      trans to any of the fusions. The results suggest that all sites necessary for
      growth rate-dependent regulation of 6PGD level lie in gnd upstream from codon 118
      and that an essential site of negative control lies within the coding sequence,
      between codons 48 and 118.

PMID- 6440142
TI  - Isolation of the gene encoding the human T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen Leu
      2 (T8) by gene transfer and cDNA subtraction.
AB  - We report the isolation of genomic and cDNA clones encoding the human T
      lymphocyte cell-surface differentiation antigen, Leu-2 (T8), by use of a
      combination of transfection, fluorescence-activated cell-sorting, and subtractive
      cDNA hybridization. We constructed a cDNA library with mRNA from a mouse L-cell
      transfectant in which the human Leu-2 gene is expressed and amplified. We
      identified Leu-2 cDNA clones by screening with a selected cDNA probe from a
      second amplified Leu-2 transfectant. This probe contained cDNA species not
      removed by hybridization with L-cell mRNA. A Leu-2 cDNA clone was used to isolate
      a genomic clone. Transfection with DNA from this clone resulted in a high number
      of Leu-2 transfectants. This approach can be used to clone genes coding for other
      cell-surface molecules.

PMID- 6440143
TI  - High-affinity monoclonal antibodies for aflatoxins and their application to solid
      phase immunoassays.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin M1, and
      the major aflatoxin-DNA adducts were obtained following fusion of mouse SP-2
      myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with aflatoxin B1 covalently
      bound to bovine gamma globulin. The aflatoxin-modified protein used to immunize
      mice was produced chemically by activating aflatoxin B1 to a 2,3-epoxide
      derivative, which then covalently bound to the protein. One of the monoclonal
      antibodies isolated (2B11) was found to be a high-affinity IgM antibody with an
      affinity constant for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin M1 of about 1 X
      10(9) liters per mol. In a competitive radioimmunoassay using [3H]aflatoxin B1, 3
      pmol (1 ng) of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, or aflatoxin M1 caused 50% inhibition
      with this antibody. The antibody also had significant cross-reactivity for the
      major aflatoxin-DNA adducts: 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 and
      2,3-dihydro-2-(N5-formyl-2',5', 6'-triamino-4'oxo-N5-pyrimidyl)-3
      hydroxyaflatoxin B1. The antibody was also covalently bound to Sepharose-4B and
      used in a column-based solid-phase immunosorbent assay system. Aflatoxins added
      in vitro to phosphate buffer, human urine, human serum, or human milk at levels
      expected to be obtained in human samples acquired from environmentally exposed
      individuals were quantitatively recovered by applying the mixture to this
      antibody affinity column purification system. Preliminary studies using urine
      samples from rats injected with radiolabeled aflatoxin B1 have also indicated
      that aflatoxin metabolites can be isolated by these methods. Furthermore, we have
      found that the monoclonal antibody affinity columns can be regenerated for
      multiple use. Therefore, the monoclonal antibodies and their application to
      affinity chromatography represents a useful and rapid technique to purify
      environmentally occurring levels of this carcinogen and some of its metabolites
      for quantitative measurements.

PMID- 6440144
TI  - The 64-kilodalton membrane protein of Bacillus subtilis is also present as a
      multiprotein complex on membrane-free ribosomes.
AB  - The 64-kDa membrane protein of Bacillus subtilis is evidently involved in the
      attachment of secreting ribosomes to membrane. On immunoprecipitation with
      antibody to this protein, the solubilized particulate fraction, with or without
      prior chemical cross-linking, yields a complex of four proteins (64, 60, 41, and
      36 kDa). This "S complex" was found to be associated with membrane-free ribosomes
      rather than with membrane, but the 64-kDa protein is also present, without the
      other proteins of the S complex, in the membrane-ribosome fraction and in the
      cytosol. Only the form present in the membrane-ribosome fraction is protected
      from protease. These findings suggest a cycle in which the complex participates
      in initiation of secretion but not in the later stages. It is not yet clear
      whether the 64-kDa protein found in the membrane-ribosome complexes is retained
      from the S complex after initiation and later recycled via the cytosol or whether
      it is a separate pool.

PMID- 6440145
TI  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mutagenesis of human epidermal keratinocytes in
      culture.
AB  - We have developed a culture system for detecting and isolating rare hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient mutants of human epidermal keratinocytes. A
      thioguanine-resistant variant, 3T3M1, of the Swiss mouse fibroblast line 3T3 was
      used as a feeder layer to support clonal growth of mutant keratinocytes. A near
      diploid, epidermal squamous cell carcinoma line, SCC-13Y, was used as a prototype
      to determine mutagen treatment conditions, plating density, and phenotypic
      expression time for maximum mutant recovery. To extend this system to normal
      keratinocytes, we improved the culture conditions by adding insulin, adenine, and
      Ham's nutrient mixture F-12, which increased colony-forming efficiencies to 30%
      in early passage and made feasible the detection of rare mutants in normal
      epidermal keratinocyte populations. We have quantitated mutation in SCC-13Y and
      three strains of normal human epidermal keratinocytes after exposure to
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are activated to their mutagenic forms by
      cellular mixed-function oxidases. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and
      benzo[a]pyrene caused almost no cytotoxicity, but induced thioguanine-resistant
      mutants at frequencies as much as 50-fold higher than the spontaneous frequency
      of approximately 10(-6). The mutants were aminopterin-sensitive and possessed no
      measurable hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity; their behavior was
      indistinguishable from that of keratinocytes cultured from individuals with Lesch
      Nyhan syndrome. This mutagenesis assay system should also be applicable to other
      feeder layer-dependent human epithelial cell types, such as urothelial, mammary,
      and tracheal epithelial cells.

PMID- 6440146
TI  - Compartmental distribution of striatal cell bodies expressing [Met]enkephalin
      like immunoreactivity.
AB  - Striatal cell bodies and fibers expressing [Met]enkephalin [( Met]Enk)-like
      immunoreactivity were studied with two variants of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method in normal primates and cats and in cats pretreated with colchicine.
      Strikingly different patterns of [Met]Enk-like immunoreactivity were observed,
      both in fiber and cell body immunostaining, depending on the technical protocols
      followed; no single histochemical protocol fully revealed the
      compartmentalization present. In the dorsal striatum, patches of [Met]Enk
      positive neuropil, known to line up with the acetylcholinesterase-poor striatal
      zones called striosomes, appeared in sections treated by protocols favoring fiber
      immunostaining. In sections stained by procedures favoring perikaryal staining,
      the striosomes appeared as Enk-poor patches in a field of immunoreactive cells
      and neuropil. When cell-body staining was enhanced by pretreatment with
      colchicine, cells expressing [Met]Enk-like immunoreactivity appeared both in and
      out of striosomes, and the striosomal neuropil appeared Enk-rich. These results
      suggest that there are subtypes of Enk-positive neurons in the striatum,
      including a "colchicine-dependent subtype" in dorsal striosomes, and suggest that
      the Enk-positive striatal neuropil is also made up of different components.
      Immunospecificity of this dorsal striosomal system was further demonstrated by
      the finding that neurons expressing intense immunoreactivity to substance P and
      to dynorphin B were largely confined to striosomes.

PMID- 6440148
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induction of CABP and stimulation of calcium uptake in
      embryonic chick duodena in culture: effects of verapamil and/or dexamethasone.

PMID- 6440147
TI  - Essential fatty acids in tissue phospholipids and triglycerides of the zinc
      deficient rat.
AB  - This study addressed the possibility that zinc deficiency has different effects
      on the fatty acid composition of triglyceride compared to total phospholipid.
      Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained for 6 weeks on a semisynthetic
      diet deficient in zinc (3 mg/kg zinc). Control rats (40 mg/kg zinc) were pair
      fed. Lipid fractionation and fatty acid analysis were by thin-layer and gas
      chromatography, respectively. In zinc-deficient rats, the percentage of linoleic
      acid was increased or that of arachidonic acid was decreased in total
      phospholipids of plasma, liver, and testis, and in skin total lipids. Saturated
      and monounsaturated fatty acids were increased in the triglyceride of liver but
      decreased in the triglyceride of epididymal fat of zinc deficient rats. Essential
      fatty acids, as a proportion of total fatty acids, were decreased in triglyceride
      of liver but increased in triglyceride of epididymal fat of zinc-deficient rats.
      Our fatty acid data from tissue total phospholipids therefore support the concept
      that linoleic acid desaturation is impaired in zinc deficiency.

PMID- 6440149
TI  - Ca2+ uptake by plasma membranes from rat duodenum and ileum.

PMID- 6440150
TI  - Influence of verapamil and diltiazem on aggregatory responses in cat and rabbit
      platelet rich plasma.
AB  - The effects of verapamil and diltiazem, calcium channel blockers, on aggregatory
      responses to ADP, arachidonic acid (AA), U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimic, and
      prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) were investigated in cat and rabbit platelet rich plasma.
      Results of the present study demonstrate that verapamil and diltiazem inhibit cat
      or rabbit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA, U46619, and PGH2. Furthermore,
      the present experiments provide the first reported data showing the inhibitory
      actions of calcium channel blockers on aggregatory responses to PGH2, the pivotal
      endoperoxide intermediate of arachidonic acid metabolism. Since verapamil and
      diltiazem at similar concentrations inhibited aggregatory responses to a similar
      degree in platelet rich plasma from cat or rabbit, the present data indicate that
      the influence of verapamil and diltiazem on platelet aggregation may be
      independent of species studied as well as nonspecific in nature.

PMID- 6440151
TI  - Leukotriene production in isolated tissues of diabetic rats.
AB  - We examined the ability of heart, aorta and lung obtained from alloxan diabetic
      rats as well as control rats to produce peptide leukotrienes (LT). The isolated
      perfused heart preparation as well as incubated minced tissue preparations were
      studied. Upon infusion of the Ca++ ionophore A23187, hearts from diabetic rats
      produced significantly less peptide LT when compared to control hearts. Lung
      tissue from diabetic animals incubated with A23187 also produced less
      immunoreactive peptide leukotrienes (iLT) when compared to the control group. In
      both preparations, incubation with the lipoxygenase inhibitor propyl gallate
      significantly inhibited the production of iLT in both the diabetic and control
      group. The observed differences in production of leukotrienes may alter vascular
      reactivity and thus play a role in the cardiovascular complications observed in
      diabetes.

PMID- 6440152
TI  - The relationship between menstrual blood loss and prostaglandin production in the
      human: evidence for increased availability of arachidonic acid in women suffering
      from menorrhagia.
AB  - In this study we have obtained endometrium and myometrium from women whose
      menstrual blood loss had been measured objectively. Samples of tissue were snap
      frozen in liquid nitrogen for the estimation of PG content and tissue was
      homogenized and incubated with and without added arachidonic acid. PGE, PGF2
      alpha and 6-oxo PGF1 alpha were measured by gas chromatography - mass
      spectometry. We confirm that the F2 alpha/E2 ratio in the snap frozen samples was
      significantly lower in women with a high blood loss although this was not
      reflected in the production by incubated homogenates. Incubation of endometrial
      tissue with myometrium from the same patient and with a pool of myometrium showed
      that the source of myometrium was not important. This suggests that previous
      observations of increased 6 oxo F1 alpha production in incubations of endometrium
      and homologous myometrium from women with high MBL, resulted from differences in
      endometrium. When prostaglandin E and F production by endometrium is studied
      there is a significant inverse correlation between the percentage difference in
      production with and without added arachidonic acid and menstrual blood loss which
      suggests that women with high MBL have relatively high levels of available
      arachidonic acid in their endometrium.

PMID- 6440153
TI  - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and high-resolution gas chromatography mass
      spectrometry for the quantitative determination of serum thromboxane B2 and 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha after pharmacological blockade of thromboxane synthetase.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      (HRGC-MS) were compared for the determination of serum 6-keto-PGF-1 alpha and
      TXB2 in a situation of drug-altered arachidonate metabolism. Results were
      comparable for TXB2 in both conditions. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha RIA determinations
      (with two different antisera) revealed increased levels in dazoxiben-treated
      samples, which were not confirmed by HRGC-MS. The assay were repeatedly checked
      in controlled conditions to investigate these discrepancies. Interference was
      found with both antisera, due to the drug-induced change in metabolism.

PMID- 6440154
TI  - The combined effects of sodium salicylate, aspirin and indomethacin on the
      metabolism of arachidonic acid in human platelets.
AB  - The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), indomethacin and sodium
      salicylate on the metabolism of exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid (AA) were studied
      in intact human platelets in vitro. ASA (100 microM) and indomethacin (1 and 10
      microM) suppressed the metabolism of AA via the cyclo-oxygenase but had no effect
      on the lipoxygenase pathway. Sodium salicylate at 1 mM was ineffective whereas 2
      mM salicylate significantly decreased the formation of TXB2 and HHT and increased
      that of other cyclo-oxygenase products without clearly affecting total cyclo
      oxygenase activity. The formation of 12-HETE, the main metabolite of AA in human
      platelets, was decreased by 2 mM sodium salicylate as well as by the combination
      of 1 mM salicylate plus ASA or indomethacin. Pretreatment of platelets with
      sodium salicylate (1 or 2 mM) effectively prevented the inhibition of the cyclo
      oxygenase by ASA (100 microM) but had no effect on the inhibition produced by
      indomethacin (1 or 10 microM). When sodium salicylate was added to the platelet
      containing buffer after ASA or indomethacin it did not reverse the effects of
      these drugs on the cyclo-oxygenase. The present study suggests that sodium
      salicylate effectively prevents the inhibitory effect of ASA but not that of
      indomethacin on human platelet cyclo-oxygenase at the concentrations used. In
      addition, a high concentration of sodium salicylate (2 mM) may selectively
      inhibit the formation of TXB2 without clearly affecting total cyclo-oxygenase
      activity.

PMID- 6440155
TI  - The effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on a visual discrimination task in
      rats.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH, 1 and 50 micrograms) were assessed on a two-choice visual
      discrimination task. The data were analysed using signal detection theory
      techniques in order to test for changes in cognitive and response factors. No
      significant changes in performance were observed. In a second experiment, the
      effects of TRH (100 micrograms ICV) on performance were compared with amphetamine
      (AMP, 1 mg/kg, intra-peritoneally, IP) and a metabolite of TRH, histidyl-proline
      diketopiperazine (DKP, 100 micrograms ICV). No significant effects on performance
      as measured by standard indices were observed. However, both TRH and AMP, but not
      DKP, significantly increased perseverative responding on one lever with respect
      to saline. In keeping with recent evidence, it is concluded that the traditional
      non-parametric signal detection parameters of sensitivity and bias are
      insensitive to certain strategies. Possible mechanisms for the perseveration of
      responding, and its relationship to stereotypic behaviour, are discussed in the
      light of the known effects of each compound on dopaminergic systems.

PMID- 6440156
TI  - Behavioral effects of TRH, 3-Me-His2-TRH and naloxone in Hemichromis bimaculatus.
AB  - Twenty minutes after each injection of TRH (2, 5, 10 micrograms/g bw),
      Hemichromis bimaculatus displayed frequent chafing (rubbing body on substrate) at
      rates as high as 65 times in 5 minutes. Chafing continued even after 5 hours.
      Such frequent displacement activities were not observed in untreated fish. These
      activities could not be suppressed completely with the opiate-antagonist
      naloxone. Five minutes after application of 3-Me-His2-TRH (1, 2, 5 micrograms/g
      bw), H. bimaculatus was chafing at higher rates compared to those injected with
      TRH. Calling movements, which are regulated by a very high prolactin level, also
      occurred in some fish. When naloxone (2, 4, 8, 12, 16 micrograms/g body weight)
      was injected, Hemichromis showed excessive spitting and chewing. When 16
      micrograms naloxone was administered, H. bimaculatus started to tremble and tried
      to escape by the presence of a fish net. The fact that chafing was not completely
      suppressed after naloxone-application implies that naloxone may mediate opiate
      and non opiate effects [17].

PMID- 6440157
TI  - A digital image processing system for high energy X-ray portal images.
AB  - The technique of conventional digital image processing is applied to high energy
      X-ray portal films. The system, which does not use state-of-the-art equipment, is
      analysed to determine its adequacy for such applications. Although inferior to
      film, notably in spatial resolution, it is found to be useful in the improvement
      of radiotherapy portal films.

PMID- 6440158
TI  - Effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 on social and agonistic
      behaviour in male albino mice.
AB  - In view of recently reported low-dose behavioural activity of Ro 15-1788, the
      present study examined the effects of this benzodiazepine antagonist on social
      and agonistic behaviours in adult male albino mice. Using a resident-intruder
      paradigm, independent pharmacological manipulation of interactants and pharmaco
      ethological analysis, our data demonstrate significant behavioural effects of Ro
      15-1788 in benzodiazepine-naive animals. In residents, treatment with the
      antagonist (1.25, 2.5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, IP) resulted in dose-related increases in
      offensive threat behaviour and reduced olfactory investigation. However, 5 mg/kg
      exerted no detectable behavioural action in these animals. In intruders,
      behavioural effects were observed only with 1.25 mg/kg Ro 15-1788, and consisted
      of a profile suggestive of reduced defensiveness. In both experiments, the
      behaviour of untreated opponents confirmed the existence of drug-induced
      behavioural changes in their partners. It is argued that present data are not
      inconsistent with the existence of putative endogenous benzodiazepine-like
      ligands and that the differential effects of Ro 15-1788 in residents (singly
      housed) and intruders (grouped) suggest one possible explanation for previous
      failures to detect low-dose behavioural activity with this compound.

PMID- 6440159
TI  - Behavioral and physiological consequences of intragastric oil feeding in rats.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to examine the appropriateness of intragastric
      feeding of vegetable oil. The first three experiments demonstrated that pairing
      intragastric feeding with a taste of saccharin, reduced subsequent saccharin
      preference slightly. A dose of lithium chloride which did not reduce food intake,
      produced a very strong conditioned aversion. It is therefore difficult to argue
      on the basis of taste aversions, that any reduction in food intake resulting from
      intragastric fat feeding is due to malaise. Intragastric fat feeding did not
      always reduce subsequent food intake; a large reduction in food intake was
      observed only when non-starved animals were given at least two previous spaced
      exposures to fat. The effects of oral and intragastric oil feeding on blood
      levels of triglycerides and free glycerol were examined. Blood triglycerides and
      glycerol rose sooner and fell sooner following intragastric than after oral oil
      feeding. Emulsifying the oil did not correct the abnormality; indeed it
      exaggerated the early rise in blood triglycerides and glycerol. These results
      indicate that interpretation of studies involving intragastric fat feeding is
      more complicated than generally recognized.

PMID- 6440160
TI  - Brain norepinephrine depleting lesions selectively enhance behavioral
      responsiveness to novelty.
AB  - The noradrenergic innervation of the forebrain by cells from the locus coeruleus
      (LC) was interrupted by either electrolytic lesions of the LC or 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB). Animals
      so treated were then tested in a modified open field test designed to measure
      responsiveness to environmental novelty and also tested for food consumption in
      their home cages. In addition, DB lesioned animals were tested in photocell
      activity cages for both their initial locomotor response to the novel cages as
      well as their activity level after habituation. The DB lesioned animals were also
      tested for rates of acquisition and extinction of an operant response. The DB
      lesion produced no deficits in either the acquisition or the extinction of a food
      rewarded operant response. The DB lesion did reduce the initial amount of
      locomotor activity in response to introduction to the activity cages but did not
      alter the rate of habituation of the locomotor response nor the "basal" level of
      activity at the end of two hr of exposure. Neither lesion affected the amount of
      food eaten by 24 hr-fasted animals in their home cages during the first 15 min.
      When fasted prior to being given access to food in a novel open field, however,
      both lesions resulted in decreased food consumption and decreased amounts eaten
      per approach to the food pedestal. The DB lesion, but not the LC lesion, resulted
      in decreased rearing and grooming in this setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6440161
TI  - Molding your thinking the DRG's.

PMID- 6440162
TI  - Evaluation of the patient with new onset seizures.
AB  - This article discusses identification of different types of seizures seen in all
      age groups, their differential diagnosis, clinical features and management.
      Guidelines for anticonvulsant therapy are included.

PMID- 6440163
TI  - Dynamics and problems in the treatment of the "oedipal winner".

PMID- 6440164
TI  - A hypothesis concerning the incest taboo.

PMID- 6440165
TI  - "Surrogate refusal": the patient's resistance to the analyst as parent
      substitute.

PMID- 6440166
TI  - Failure in the treatment of a psychotic mother and child: aspects of transference
      and resistance.

PMID- 6440167
TI  - Freud and Adler: a conceptual analysis of their differences.

PMID- 6440168
TI  - Narcissistic friendships.

PMID- 6440169
TI  - The use of humor in psychotherapy.

PMID- 6440170
TI  - Of milk and bones: the correlation of developmental experience and aesthetic
      structure in Margaret Atwood's Life Before Man and Toni Morrison's Song of
      Solomon.

PMID- 6440171
TI  - Film as dream: Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window.

PMID- 6440172
TI  - Differential effects of picrotoxin- and pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions on
      the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in rats.
AB  - A single subcutaneous (sc) injection of picrotoxin in a dose ranging from 3 to 40
      mg/kg to proestrous female rats produced sustained clonic-tonic convulsions and
      resulted in a significant elevation of serum LH levels. FSH release was not
      stimulated. Serum calcium levels increased, with a positive correlation with the
      increment of serum LH increase in these animals. Similarly, 5 mg/kg of picrotoxin
      was effective in inducing an increase in serum LH and calcium, but not FSH, in
      adult male rats. Pentylenetetrazol in a dose of 120 mg/kg induced sustained
      clonic-tonic convulsions and stimulated the release of LH, but not of FSH, in
      both adult male and female rats. An increase in serum calcium levels also was
      evident. These results suggest that sustained convulsions induce overall
      excitation of the central nervous system and result in the enhancement of LH
      release from the pituitary. The mechanism responsible for the differential
      stimulation of LH and FSH release remains to be clarified.

PMID- 6440173
TI  - Increased phencyclidine self-administration due to food deprivation: interaction
      with concentration and training conditions.
AB  - Six monkeys were trained to self-administer orally delivered phencyclidine (0.25
      mg/ml) under a fixed-ratio 16 (FR-16) schedule. Water was concurrently available
      under an FF-16 schedule. During initial phencyclidine training, three monkeys
      were allowed free access to food (food satiation) and three were maintained at
      85% of their free-feeding body weights (food deprivation). At the end of the
      training phase, the food-satiated monkeys were food-deprived. After behavior was
      stable for ten sessions, all monkeys were food-satiated and tested with a range
      of phencyclidine concentrations (0.0625-1 mg/ml). They were subsequently food
      deprived and tested with concentrations of 0.0312-1 mg/ml, and then they were
      again food-satiated and tested with 0.0312 and 0.25 mg/ml. The monkeys that were
      trained to self-administer phencyclidine while food-satiated showed substantial
      phencyclidine-maintained responding at lower drug concentrations when later
      tested while food-satiated. In contrast, monkeys that were trained while food
      deprived did not respond for phencyclidine in excess of water at the lower
      concentrations when later tested while food-satiated. Drug-maintained performance
      during food deprivation did not change systematically as a function of training
      condition (food deprivation versus food satiation). These results illustrated a
      marked interaction between drug concentration and the feeding condition and this
      interaction was modified by training history.

PMID- 6440174
TI  - Chronic and acute administration of typical and atypical antidepressants on
      activity of brain noradrenaline systems in the rat thiopentone anaesthesia model.
AB  - A behavioural model sensitive to manipulation of brain noradrenaline systems and
      with characteristics of beta-receptor mediation has been developed using the
      duration of thiopentone anaesthesia in the rat. Acute and chronic administration
      of various antidepressant agents was examined. In the acute phase, (30 min prior
      to thiopentone) the noradrenaline uptake-inhibiting tricyclic drugs and
      viloxazine increased anaesthesia duration in a dose-dependent fashion. The
      atypical antidepressants trazodone, iprindole, and mianserin did this only
      weakly, while the dopaminergic and serotonergic uptake-inhibiting antidepressants
      (respectively bupropion, nomifensine, and zimelidine, fluoxetine) markedly
      shortened anaesthesia duration. Chronic administration (for 15 days) prolonged
      anaesthesia duration measured 2 or 5 days after the last drug injection for all
      tricyclic agents, for the atypical antidepressants mianserin, iprindole,
      fluoxetine, and zimelidine, and for viloxazine.

PMID- 6440175
TI  - Fluphenazine-induced acute and tardive dyskinesias in monkeys.
AB  - Five Cebus apella monkeys were treated with biweekly injections of fluphenazine
      enanthate (0.1-3.2 mg/kg IM). Three of these completed 1 full year of treatment,
      one injured its leg after 6 months of treatment and was killed, and another died
      of unknown causes after 9 months of treatment. All monkeys displayed abnormal
      movements corresponding to the early appearing extrapyramidal symptoms of
      neuroleptic-treated patients. These consisted initially of slowing or absence of
      volitional movement, trembling of the hands, trembling of the entire body, and
      general drowsy behavior. As treatment progressed, a variety of abnormal postures
      and movements appeared after each injection that were not exacerbated by drug
      withdrawal and, as tested at the end of the year, could be abolished or prevented
      with benztropine mesylate (0.2-0.5 mg/kg IM). The three monkeys that completed 1
      year of treatment with fluphenazine were then withdrawn from the drug. After
      withdrawal, all three developed movements similar in appearance to those of
      patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). Reinstitution of fluphenazine treatment,
      as tested in one monkey, abolished all movements resembling TD.

PMID- 6440176
TI  - Effects of d-amphetamine on spontaneous motor activity in pigeons.
AB  - Animal activity monitors were used to measure spontaneous motor activity in
      pigeons. d-Amphetamine produced dose-dependent (0.56-5.6 mg/kg) increases in
      total activity counts while the highest dose (10.0 mg/kg) of drug increased
      activity counts less. Compared to the 24-h distribution of activity counts in the
      undrugged control conditions, the 5.6- and 10.0-mg/kg doses produced a change in
      the temporal pattern from a unimodal to a bimodal form. Increased spontaneous
      motor activity at low to moderate doses of d-amphetamine, with smaller increases
      at the higher doses, has been observed with other species, indicating that the
      spontaneous motor activity of the pigeon is affected by d-amphetamine in a manner
      similar to that of other species.

PMID- 6440177
TI  - Chronic diazepam administration and appetitive discrimination learning:
      acquisition versus steady-state performance in pigeons.
AB  - Chronic injections of 2 mg/kg diazepam disrupted both steady-state performance
      and new discrimination learning in pigeons. However, the time course of
      disruption differed for each of the two tasks, i.e., steady-state performance was
      briefly disrupted early, whereas acquisition showed a more persistent delayed
      disruption. The difference was interpreted as resulting from a dual effect of
      diazepam on behavior. The early performance disruption was thought to reflect a
      general nonspecific sedative action of the drug, while the delayed disruption of
      learning was interpreted as the result of diazepam's selective interference with
      acquisition processes. Some support for rapid adjustment to the sedative effects
      of diazepam was found, but there was no evidence for the development of
      physiological tolerance to diazepam-induced acquisition deficits.

PMID- 6440178
TI  - Behavioral effects of cyclazocine on rats assessed in the open field and
      residential maze.
AB  - Changes in behavior of rats caused by different doses of cyclazocine (0.1, 0.4,
      0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg) were detected by two different methods: the open field
      and the residential maze. In the residential maze the locomotion was recorded
      automatically, whereas in the open field the measurements were made by direct
      observation. In the maze low doses of cyclazocine (less than 1.5 mg/kg) caused a
      marked change in the time course of locomotion and local activity at the
      beginning of the 23-h sessions. The duration of this effect was dose-dependent,
      between 2 and 4 h. The highest dose (3 mg/kg) induced a strong stimulation of
      locomotor activity which lasted about 1 h, and stereotyped patterns, i.e., long
      periods of unidirectional runs through circular alleys. In the open field rearing
      and grooming behavior proved to be the most sensitive parameters. The frequency
      of both was reduced at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. Locomotion showed the highest values
      at 1.5 mg/kg and decreased with the highest dose (3 mg/kg) to control levels. The
      study demonstrated that the principal changes induced by cyclazocine were of a
      qualitative nature, characterized by monotonous locomotor activity. The
      computerized residential maze procedure proved to be well suited to detect and
      quantify this behavioral change.

PMID- 6440179
TI  - Prolactin, amitriptyline, and recovery from depression.
AB  - Spontaneous prolactin patterns were determined at 15-min intervals over 5 h in 13
      patients, who were suffering from melancholia, during illness and after treatment
      with amitriptyline. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly greater at most
      sampling points after patients had recovered than during their illnesses. One
      patient, who did not recover, showed the opposite trend.

PMID- 6440180
TI  - Adverse effects of single therapeutic doses of diazepam on performance in normal
      geriatric subjects: relationship to plasma concentrations.
AB  - Elderly normal volunteers (N = 12, mean age 70.4 years) were administered placebo
      or diazepam 2.5, 5, 10 mg in four consecutive sessions separated by at least a 1
      week interval. Memory and psychomotor performance and plasma diazepam
      concentrations were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 3 h following drug
      administration. Significant impairments were found in response to all doses of
      diazepam. The maximum impairment occurred at 1 h, which coincided with the
      highest plasma concentration of the drug.

PMID- 6440181
TI  - Effect of daily dose of chronic haloperidol and chronic apomorphine on behavioral
      hypersensitivity in the rat.
AB  - Behavioral hypersensitivity in the rat consisting of increased dopamine-mediated
      stereotypic behaviors has been found to follow a 10-day course of treatment with
      the neuroleptic haloperidol as well as with the direct dopamine agonist
      apomorphine. The daily dose versus response relationship for chronic haloperidol
      indicates that a threshold daily dose exists and that behaviors increase with
      increasing daily dose. On the other hand, low rather than high daily doses of
      chronic apomorphine induce behavioral hypersensitivity and the response decreases
      with increasing daily dose. Prolonged functional denervation of striatal
      postsynaptic dopamine receptors by either neuroleptic blockade or autoreceptor
      stimulation may explain these findings. The results may help elucidate the
      relative risk of daily neuroleptic dose on tardive dyskinesia development and
      indicate a possible mechanism for chronic agonist-associated side effects like L
      Dopa dyskinesias.

PMID- 6440182
TI  - Naloxone suppresses fluid consumption in tests of choice between sodium chloride
      solutions and water in male and female water-deprived rats.
AB  - The effects of naloxone on fluid consumption by water-deprived rats trained to
      choose between a saline solution and water in a 15-min drinking test were
      examined. Rats of each sex were allocated to three groups and given access to
      0.125% NaCl, 0.6% NaCl, and 1.7% NaCl, respectively, as the alternative to water.
      Under control conditions they drank substantially more of the hypotonic salt
      solutions than water, but drank slightly more water than hypertonic salt
      solution. Naloxone generally reduced fluid consumption, dose-dependently (0.01-10
      mg/kg). In the cases of the two hypotonic solutions, the suppressant effect of
      naloxone was limited to saline solution. The usually low levels of water
      consumption were unaffected. In the case of the hypertonic solution, naloxone
      suppressed salt and water intakes by equivalent amounts. The effects of naloxone
      in the tests with the two higher salt concentrations depended upon sex. There was
      on example of a significant naloxone-induced reduction in saline preference
      (females; 0.125% NaCl v H2O). In other instances, saline preferences were not
      significantly modified. The results are briefly discussed in relation to current
      suggestions that naloxone may affect fluid consumption in ways which are taste
      dependent (e.g., taste sensitivity, palatability, reward). An alternative view is
      also considered, that the effects of naloxone may be taste-independent, at least
      in the particular case of drinking in a two-choice test with saline and water.

PMID- 6440183
TI  - An assessment of the spontaneous activity of rats administered morphine,
      phencyclidine, or nicotine using automated and observational methods.
AB  - The effects of morphine, phencyclidine, and nicotine on motor activity in rats
      were characterized using both observational and automated methods. Activity was
      scored observationally using a time-sampling method that tabulates discrete
      response categories (still, locomotion, rearing, sniffing, licking, gnawing, head
      down, swaying, grooming, falling). Behavior was assessed automatically using an
      activity monitor that records both the time and activity counts spent in large
      and small (less than 3 cm) movements, rearing, and resting. The following results
      using male Sprague-Dawley rats represent significant differences from saline
      treated controls. Morphine (1-4 mg/kg SC) increased the incidence of locomotion,
      sniffing, swaying, and grooming depending on the time after drug injection. These
      changes corresponded to an increase in large and small movement counts and time
      as measured by the activity monitor. Phencyclidine (1.25-5 mg/kg SC) caused dose
      related increases in the incidence of locomotion, sniffing, swaying, and falling,
      and induced greater large and small activity movement counts and time especially
      after the 5 mg/kg dose. Nicotine (0.033-0.33 mg/kg SC) decreased the incidence of
      rearing and increased the frequency of sniffing and grooming. These changes
      corresponded to a decrease of rearing activity and to a slight increase in small
      activity. The present data indicate that morphine, phencyclidine, and nicotine
      exert dose-related and time-related appearances of various categories of behavior
      in the rat, and that the data from the automated method complement the findings
      of the direct observational method.

PMID- 6440184
TI  - Acute effects of naloxone and naltrexone, but lack of delayed effects, on
      exploratory behavior in the rat.
AB  - Exploratory head-poke responses, locomotor activity, and rearing were studied in
      five groups of rats (n = 8 per group) during two 30-min sessions. The opiate
      antagonists naloxone and naltrexone (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) were administered once, 30
      min before the first session. Delayed drug effects were studied during the second
      session, 24 h after the first session. During the initial 10 min of the first
      session naloxone and naltrexone decreased the number of head-poke responses
      without reducing locomotor activity and rearing. Both drugs decreased the number
      of head-poke responses, locomotor activity, and rearing during the remainder of
      this session. Equivalent doses of naloxone and naltrexone produced similar
      effects. The duration of a head-poke response increased during the session. Drug
      effects on head-poke duration were not observed. Delayed drug effects on behavior
      during the second session were not obtained. The observation that both naloxone
      and naltrexone were effective in the present procedure suggests that the effects
      of naloxone and naltrexone reported here are a function of opiate antagonist
      properties of these drugs. The data suggest further that the extent to which
      opiate receptor blockade results in a specific reduction of exploratory behavior
      may be partly dependent upon the length of the test session.

PMID- 6440185
TI  - Chlordiazepoxide-induced hyperphagia in rats: lack of effect of GABA agonists and
      antagonists.
AB  - Because of the evidence that benzodiazepine binding sites are associated with
      GABA receptors in the central nervous system, it has been suggested that the
      behavioural effects of benzodiazepines may be mediated by GABAergic mechanisms.
      In order to investigate this hypothesis in relation to the hyperphagia produced
      by benzodiazepines, the effects of chlordiazepoxide were compared with those of
      the GABA agonists progabide and muscimol and the GABA antagonists picrotoxin and
      bicuculline. In rats adapted to a 22 h/day food deprivation schedule
      chlordiazepoxide produced a dose-related increase in food intake. Neither
      progabide nor muscimol produced a similar effect after IP injection, nor did
      these drugs potentiate the effects of a dose of chlordiazepoxide. Picrotoxin and
      bicuculline, each given at a sub-convulsant dose, did not affect quantities of
      food consumed and also did not antagonise the effect of chlordiazepoxide. These
      results provide no evidence for the hypothesis that chlordiazepoxide-induced
      hyperphagia in rats is mediated by GABAergic mechanisms.

PMID- 6440186
TI  - Alcohol tolerance in social drinkers: operant and classical conditioning effects.
AB  - Four groups of males (n = 6 each) were trained on a complex psychomotor task
      prior to attending five drinking sessions. They performed the task under the same
      dose (0.84 ml absolute alcohol/kg) on sessions 1-4. On session 5 they received a
      placebo. During these sessions, the first group (CR) received information and a
      monetary reward that was contingent on the display of nonimpaired performance
      under alcohol. The second group (IO) only received information about performance.
      The third group (NCR) received noncontingent information and reward, administered
      on a predetermined schedule. The fourth group (NR) received no information or
      reward for performance. These manipulations were predicted to influence the order
      of groups with respect to the rate at which tolerance developed over sessions 1
      4. The findings confirmed this hypothesis, showing the rate of CR greater than IO
      greater than NCR greater than NR. The placebo session tested for the classically
      conditioned compensatory response unattenuated by alcohol. The strength of the
      response, observed as facilitated performance, was predicted and found to relate
      to the rate at which tolerance had developed (i.e., CR greater than IO greater
      than NCR greater than NR). This evidence for operant and classical conditioning
      effects in alcohol tolerance was considered to suggest that a consideration of
      their joint effects may be required to understand the contribution of learning to
      drug tolerance.

PMID- 6440187
TI  - The development of alcohol tolerance: acute recovery as a predictor.
AB  - Two experiments examined individual differences in the rate of alcohol tolerance
      development as a function of acute recovery. Male social drinkers (n = 18) were
      trained on a complex psychomotor task and subsequently returned for four drinking
      sessions in which they received the same dose (0.84 ml absolute alcohol/kg) and
      performed the task at intervals while blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) rose and
      fell (peak BAC = 77.2 mg/dl). A subject's acute recovery from the impairing
      effect of alcohol during session 1 was measured by the difference in his
      performance at the same BAC on the rising and the falling limb of the curve. Rate
      of-tolerance development was measured by the rate of change in the subject's
      average impairment under the alcohol during sessions 1-4. Acute recovery scores
      in both experiments significantly predicted the rate at which tolerance
      developed, accounting for 64% of the variance in these scores (P less than
      0.0001). Subjects who displayed more acute recovery developed tolerance more
      quickly. The evidence was considered to imply that the same process may give rise
      to both acute recovery and tolerance.

PMID- 6440188
TI  - Enhanced behavioural control by conditioned reinforcers following microinjections
      of d-amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens.
AB  - Stimulant drugs have been shown to enhance the control over behaviour exerted by
      stimuli previously correlated with primary reinforcers, termed conditioned
      reinforcers (CR). Experiment 1 examined the possible neuroanatomical specificity
      of the enhancement of conditioned reinforcement following intracerebral
      injections of d-amphetamine. Thirsty rats were trained to associate a light with
      water. In the test phase, water was no longer presented but the light (CR) was
      intermittently produced by responding on one of two novel levers. Rats with
      bilateral guide cannulae aimed at the nucleus accumbens, posterior caudate
      nucleus, or medio-dorsal nucleus of the thalamus received four counterbalanced
      microinfusions of d-amphetamine (10, 20, 30 micrograms/2 microliters) or vehicle
      (control) over 4 test days. There was a dose-dependent selective increase in
      responding on the lever that produced the light (CR) with intra-accumbens d
      amphetamine infusions. Quantitatively similar, but much more variable effects
      were found with intra-caudate infusions and no effects following intra-thalamic d
      amphetamine. Experiment 2 provided evidence that the enhanced control over
      responding by a CR with intra-accumbens d-amphetamine is behaviourally specific.
      Three groups of rats received a compound tone--plus--light stimulus that was
      positively, negatively or randomly correlated with water during training. Intra
      accumbens d-amphetamine produced selective increases in responding only if the
      contingent stimulus had been positively correlated. The results suggest that the
      nucleus accumbens may play an important role in d-amphetamine's enhanced control
      over behaviour exerted by conditioned reinforcers.

PMID- 6440189
TI  - Role of training dose in discrimination of nicotine and related compounds by
      rats.
AB  - Rats were trained to discriminate nicotine from saline in a two-bar operant
      conditioning procedure with food reinforcement. There was partial generalization
      to the nicotine analogues anabasine and cytisine in rats trained to discriminate
      either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg nicotine from saline. However, generalization was
      complete in rats trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg nicotine and, in a novel
      procedure, any one of three doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg). There was
      no generalization to the muscarinic-cholinergic agonist oxotremorine (0.0025-0.04
      mg/kg). Additional experiments were carried to further characterize the response
      of rats trained with nicotine (0.1 mg/kg). These animals failed to generalize to
      compounds from a range of pharmacological classes (i.e., apomorphine, cocaine,
      chlordiazepoxide, picrotoxin, and quipazine), but there was partial
      generalization to amphetamine. Mecamylamine (0.5 mg/kg) but not hexamethonium
      (5.0 mg/kg) blocked the discrimination of nicotine and the generalization to
      cytisine. Anabasine (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) did not block the response to nicotine. The
      results support the view that the nicotine cue is mediated mainly through central
      cholinergic mechanisms. The dose of nicotine used for training has a very
      significant influence on the characteristics of the cue and 0.1 mg/kg of nicotine
      may be more suitable than 0.4 mg/kg as a training dose in future work.

PMID- 6440190
TI  - Sedation produced by prostaglandins is not a nonspecific fatty acid effect.
AB  - The fatty acid specificity of the depressant actions associated with
      prostaglandin (PG) administration was studied in mice. Administration of PG-E2
      (0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg) or PG-D2 (0.4 and 4 mg/kg) significantly potentiated
      pentobarbital sleeping time. Arachidonic acid (3.3 mg/kg) administration also
      significantly potentiated pentobarbital sleeping time. Pretreatment with
      indomethacin (3 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) inhibited the potentiation of
      pentobarbital sleeping time produced by arachidonic acid. A nonspecific fatty
      acid (11, 14, 17-eicosatrienoic acid), which cannot be incorporated into the PG
      synthetic scheme, did not potentiate pentobarbital sleeping time. These results
      imply that the depressant activity associated with PG administration is a
      specific PG-induced action rather than a general effect of long-chain unsaturated
      fatty acids.

PMID- 6440191
TI  - The effect of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone on the antinociceptive effects of
      physostigmine.
AB  - The tail-flick procedure was used to study the antinociceptive effects of
      physostigmine in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats. At 5 days after
      surgery, they were tested 30 min after either 0.32 or 0.45 mg/kg IP
      physostigmine. Adrenalectomized animals showed significantly greater elevation of
      TF scores from predrug latencies than the sham controls at both doses of
      physostigmine. Following 3 days of dexamethasone replacement therapy on days 18,
      19, and 20 post-surgery the antinociceptive effects of physostigmine were
      uniformly attenuated across doses or surgical groups. On the other hand, animals
      receiving saline injection instead of dexamethasone did not manifest any
      reduction of the physostigmine antinociceptive effect. The potentiation by
      adrenalectomy and the reduction following dexamethasone of the antinociceptive
      effects of physostigmine suggest that these effects may be mediated through
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal mechanisms and are consistent with beta-endorphin
      induced sensitization of opiate or cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 6440193
TI  - Acute antidepressant effect of lithium in unipolar depression.

PMID- 6440192
TI  - Repeated stress increases locomotor response to amphetamine.
AB  - Adult male rats submitted to mild, 20 min electric foot shock sessions for 10
      days displayed an enhanced locomotor response to 0.75 mg/kg (+)amphetamine 24 h
      after the last shock session, when compared to non-stressed controls. This effect
      was still present in rats specifically deprived of their forebrain noradrenergic
      innervation, suggesting the involvement of a dopaminergic mechanism. Cortical and
      limbic dopamine turnover which increased immediately after acute and repeated
      foot shocks returned to normal 24 h later, at the time of the pharmacological
      testing. This fact indicates that a permanent modification of the basal DA
      activity is not responsible for the above effect of stress. Locomotor
      hyperactivity produced by 0.6 mg/kg apomorphine was enhanced in experimental
      animals, while hypoactivity resulting from the injection of 0.05 mg/kg
      apomorphine was similar in control and shocked rats. This latter result suggests
      the existence of an increased postsynaptic DA sensitivity as a result of repeated
      stress.

PMID- 6440194
TI  - The CDC study of Vietnam veterans' risks of fathering infants with birth defects.

PMID- 6440195
TI  - Smoking, sex and longevity over 60 years.

PMID- 6440196
TI  - Worksite health promotion in Colorado.

PMID- 6440197
TI  - Nutrition monitoring and research in the Department of Health and Human Services.

PMID- 6440198
TI  - Breast feeding--the community norm. Report of a workshop.

PMID- 6440199
TI  - Promoting breast feeding: a national perspective.
AB  - The promotion of breast feeding is 1 of 17 nutrition objectives set out in the
      Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. Trends in breast feeding for
      the last 30 years are reviewed. While the proportion of mothers breast feeding in
      the overall American population has been steadily increasing, there is still much
      to be accomplished in order to meet the 1990 national breast feeding objective.
      Low-income women still lag behind middle-and upper-income women in starting and
      maintaining breast feeding. Several sources of barriers to breast feeding exist:
      society, the health care profession, and the family. In addition, economic and
      cultural barriers further inhibit breast feeding efforts of low-income women.
      Efforts to promote breast feeding have been initiated at national, State, and
      local levels, as well as in the private sector. A summary of key initiatives at
      all levels is given. Future directions for breast feeding promotion include (a)
      increasing educational efforts directed to pregnant women and their families, (b)
      changing the routines and practices in hospitals, (c) improving and increasing
      the support systems available to breast feeding women, (d) providing education to
      all health professionals in maternal and infant health care, (e) increasing the
      scope of efforts and media used to educate the general public, (f) increasing the
      acceptance by employers of the need for workplace accommodation for breast
      feeding women, and (g) continuing research efforts. One way to address the
      challenges ahead is to link up with other community organizations and agencies.
      The Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition is one vehicle for this purpose.

PMID- 6440200
TI  - A rural primary health care service in Israel--some measures of utilization and
      satisfaction.
AB  - Measures of use and satisfaction within a rural health service in Israel were
      surveyed in a study of the anonymous responses to a questionnaire from 110
      mothers of children 14 years of age and younger in two agricultural villages. The
      majority of mothers expressed satisfaction with the health service, although
      there were notable reservations about the availability of certain services.
      Differences were detected between the reasons mothers recorded for initiating
      contacts with the medical team and the actual day-to-day experience of the health
      team members. Satisfaction with the service was associated with the length of the
      waiting time to see the physician, the perceived sufficiency of time the
      physician spent on the examination, and awareness that the physician was on call
      after clinic hours for the survey population. It was also found that the combined
      hospital use for the populations of 10 surrounding villages was almost twice that
      of the study villages. The findings are discussed in the context of both the
      immediate impact on the health service studied and the wider implications for
      primary health care in Israel. These include an identification of the health
      service with the physician and the potential medical and economic benefits of
      continued responsibility for care after clinic hours.

PMID- 6440201
TI  - Outcomes of a diabetes education program.
AB  - This study is the first part of an evaluation of a model program of education on
      diabetes mellitus for diabetic outpatients, currently in progress in Washington
      State. The program consists of 16 hours of education, covering all aspects of
      self-care, with an emphasis on the prevention of unnecessary morbidity from poor
      control of the disorder or from infections. Eighty-eight percent of participants
      included in this study had not had formal diabetes education since receiving
      their diagnosis. The average duration of participants' diabetes was more than 7
      years, and their average age was 55 years. Participants were evaluated just
      before and 3 months after the education program. During this interval, they made
      significant improvements in their knowledge of diabetes and their attitudes
      toward and skills in managing the disorder, as well as in their degree of
      satisfaction with control. Moreover, their random blood glucose and glycosylated
      hemoglobin (Hb Alc) levels were significantly lower at the 3-month followup. The
      authors suggest that outpatient education offers a significant improvement in
      diabetic control.

PMID- 6440202
TI  - Fighting smallpox on the Texas border: an episode from PHS's proud past.
AB  - The motto of the Public Health Service (PHS) is "Service with Distinction." An
      example of how that motto was earned can be seen in the work of the professionals
      of the Marine Hospital Service (as PHS was then known) in a smallpox epidemic on
      the Texas border in 1895. Barely 2 years after Congress had given the U.S.
      Surgeon General the authority to intervene and prevent the spread of contagious
      diseases from one State to another, Surgeon General Walter Wyman, MD, stepped in.
      In response to a request from the Texas State Health Officer, Wyman sent a team
      of officers to assist the State and prevent the spread of smallpox. At that time
      the Surgeon General was head of the Marine Hospital Service, which became the
      Public Health Service in 1912. In a period of slightly more than 2 months, the
      epidemic was contained in the population of 411 refugees. Sixty people had died
      at the camp, 51 from smallpox. Although that fatality rate would be incredibly
      high by current standards, it was low under the circumstances. Milton Rosenau,
      MD, was a key to the containment of the disease and the humanitarian treatment of
      the survivors, a group of black Americans who had fled from Mexico after having
      been lured there with the promise of land that would be their own. Rosenau would
      later become the head of the Hygienic Laboratory, precursor of the National
      Institutes of Health.

PMID- 6440203
TI  - Dental record documentation in selected ambulatory care facilities.
AB  - Having recognized the differences in financial incentives between institutional
      providers and private practitioners participating in the Medicaid program, the
      New York State Health Department developed a streamlined mechanism of prior
      approval for 13 selected institutional providers of dental care. As part of the
      evaluation of this process, a retrospective audit of 316 dental records was
      conducted to assess the level of documentation present in the dental record. A
      followup audit was conducted 3 months after implementation of a plan to correct
      any deficiencies identified. More than 50 percent of the facilities were unable
      to present all the records requested at the time of the initial audit. Few of the
      audited records were free of deficiencies, and documentation of the results of
      the intra-oral examination was lacking in most facilities. The followup audit
      demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the level of record
      documentation. These results demonstrate that, even when good recordkeeping
      procedures were identified and agreed to by these institutional dental providers,
      performance was inadequate. However, the study also demonstrates that adequate
      records can be kept if sufficient incentives are provided. Efforts to evaluate
      retrospectively the delivery of dental care that are dependent on the dental
      record as a primary data source are unlikely to succeed unless incentives to
      encourage good recordkeeping are incorporated. Further research is needed to
      develop appropriate incentives that would operate in other practice settings.

PMID- 6440204
TI  - Development and evaluation of a community cancer resource directory.
AB  - The Frederick Cancer-Related Resource Directory was developed in response to the
      community's need to be informed about available services for cancer patients. A 1
      year followup and evaluation was conducted to determine what changes or
      corrections were needed in the text of the directory and if the objectives of the
      project had been met. The evaluation survey of the listed resources revealed that
      a large number of changes in the directory were required. Seventy-eight percent
      of the respondents replied that at least one change was required in their entry.
      The followup also revealed that 16 percent of the listed resources knew of at
      least one referral that they received as a result of the directory listing. The
      survey of directory recipients indicated that 27 percent of the private practice
      physicians and 61 percent of the other health-related service providers who have
      a directory have used it or read through it. Approximately 64 percent of the
      users have provided clients or patients with information from the directory.
      Almost half of all respondents replied that, as a result of the directory
      listing, they had developed closer working relationships with at least one other
      cancer-related service organization, although the percentage was considerably
      higher for health-related service providers (51.2 percent) than for private
      physicians (27.3 percent). More than half of the respondents (58 percent)
      believed that a simpler directory should be made available to patients instead of
      or in addition to the providers' directory. Members of the project's multi agency
      committee became much more aware of the wide variety of cancer patients' needs
      and available resources. The most beneficial aspect of the project for them was
      the opportunity to work with persons from other agencies and to develop closer,
      long-term relationships.

PMID- 6440205
TI  - Classification of reasons why persons seek primary care: pilot study of a new
      system.
AB  - In 1978, the World Health Organization formed a group to begin work on the Reason
      for Encounter Classification (RFEC), which is designed to classify the reasons
      why patients seek care at the primary level. The relatively simple classification
      is based on two axes--chapters and components--and uses a three-character alpha
      numeric code. Chapters, which are named by body systems or more general terms,
      are the reasons that health care was sought. Five of the seven components, or
      subdivisions of chapters, contain rubrics identified by the same two-digit
      numerical code. A pilot study with a training exercise was carried out in The
      Netherlands by nine family physicians to confirm the feasibility of using the new
      classification system in primary care settings. Training consisted of viewing
      videotapes of encounters and an exercise of coding 76 vignettes by the RFEC.
      Within 2 months, the physicians in the subsequent pilot study had collected and
      coded 7,503 reasons for encounters. Results of the pilot study confirm that the
      RFEC is feasible, easy to use in practice, and different from disease-oriented
      classifications in its system of classifying the reasons for encounter. The pilot
      study results have been used to modify the RFEC in preparation for a field trial
      in ambulatory care settings worldwide.

PMID- 6440206
TI  - Decreasing the incidence of osteoporosis-related injuries through diet and
      exercise.
AB  - Osteoporosis is the most common systemic bone disorder in the United States. It
      affects 15 million people--primarily women--causing thousands of injuries and
      deaths per year at a cost estimated at +3.8 billion annually. Two important
      factors in preventing osteoporosis are regular exercise and adequate calcium
      intake throughout life. Studies have shown that the average daily consumption of
      calcium by premenopausal and postmenopausal American women is between one-third
      and one-half that needed to maintain a positive calcium balance and prevent the
      loss of bone mass. This proposal elaborates the following specific ways that our
      health care and educational institutions can change these prospects: a screening
      program for women of all ages, to identify those most at risk for developing
      osteoporosis; an increase in the recommended daily dietary allowance for calcium;
      a public information campaign about osteoporosis, using television and radio; an
      investigation of the feasibility of calcium additives in the American diet; and
      the establishment of an organization to develop educational programs and monitor
      research in osteoporosis prevention. Now is the time to make the appropriate
      efforts to better the prospects for millions to enjoy a long and healthier life.

PMID- 6440207
TI  - Peer health advisor program to reduce the health risks of university students.
AB  - Health promoters in the United States need to address the challenge of reducing
      health risks in young adults. The conditions that lead to the largest percentages
      of early disabilities and deaths are related to lifestyle characteristics. As
      health care costs continue spiraling upward, many professionals question the use
      of solely medical solutions to health problems. Health leaders have called for a
      change in priorities from curing the sick to keeping people well. Reducing health
      risks will increase longevity, improve quality of life, and reduce health care
      costs. It is widely believed that during the adolescent and young adult years
      many important health habits are formed and set. An individual person's health
      destiny can, in fact, be greatly shaped by the attitudes, behavior, and knowledge
      adopted during the early years of independence. For these reasons, wellness and
      self-care programming for college students is vital and worthy of being
      rigorously explored and evaluated. In this health promotion proposal, peers
      deliver a Lifestyle Health Planning Program to university students. They can
      encourage an internal locus of control over health matters and a perception of
      choice in those they counsel. The peer advisors conduct one-on-one sessions and
      outreach programs in the subject areas of fitness, nutrition, health-impairing
      habits, stress management, and sexuality. Promoting self-responsibility during
      college years can set lifelong positive health habits. A group of trained peer
      health advisors can be an innovative device to implement a health promotion
      program in a university setting.

PMID- 6440208
TI  - The topography of electrical synchrony among beta-cells in the mouse islet of
      Langerhans.
AB  - beta-Cells in microdissected islets of Langerhans produce rhythmical bursts of
      electrical activity. This was monitored with two micro-electrodes simultaneously
      and the frequency and phase (collectively referred to as synchrony) of the two
      signals was investigated. At any instant two impaled cells produced bursts of the
      same frequency even when separated by up to 400 micron. When the electrode tips
      were separated by less than about 20 micron and current injection showed the
      cells to be ionically coupled the two signals were in phase and had almost
      identical shape. The phase relations between cells further apart were variable,
      the leading cell usually being located deeper within the islet than the other
      impaled cell. Increasing the glucose concentration increased electrical activity,
      reduced any phase lags and made the shape of the bursts more similar. There was
      less lag between the responses from two cells when the glucose concentration was
      suddenly reduced, than when it was suddenly increased. Qualitatively similar
      observations were made in glibenclamide-treated mice, a treatment previously
      shown to increase dye coupling between islet cells. However, the response to
      increasing glucose concentrations showed less phase lag; likewise the phase lag
      between bursts was reduced. Furthermore the response to current injected into one
      cell could be detected at much larger distances (up to 80 micron) than in control
      islets. This suggests that electrical coupling of beta-cells was improved in
      sulphonylurea-treated mice. Electron microscopy of both control and glibenclamide
      treated mouse islets fixed at the end of each electrophysiological experiment
      showed the region impaled by the electrodes to be well preserved and, whenever
      the electrodes penetrated at least 20 micron into the islet, to contain a large
      proportion of beta-cells. The data support the view that, within an islet, most
      but not necessarily all cells are electrically synchronized, and that the
      coupling can be modulated by natural and pharmacological secretagogues.

PMID- 6440209
TI  - Mechanical factors regulating gastric emptying of viscous nutrient meals in dogs.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms controlling gastric
      emptying of viscous meals. In four conscious dogs the antral, pyloric and
      duodenal activities were recorded with strain-gauge transducers and induction
      coils during gastric evacuation of an inert cellulose meal and of four nutrient
      meals containing mannitol, casein, glucose or oleic acid. Gastric emptying and
      the internal pyloric and duodenal diameters were measured from radiographs. The
      nutrients delayed gastric emptying and diminished to a various extent the antral
      and duodenal motility as well as the pyloric opening. The motility gradient
      between antral and duodenal activity showed no relationship to the emptying
      delay. The duodenal lumen was reduced and the propulsive contractions of the
      duodenum decreased while the segmental activity increased. The findings suggest
      that gastric emptying is controlled by (1) the depth of the antral waves, (2) the
      pyloric opening, (3) the receptive relaxation of the duodenum and (4) the type of
      the duodenal contractions. By contrast the sequence of the terminal antral
      contraction and the pyloric closure, as well as the co-ordination between pyloric
      and duodenal contractions, played no important role in regulating gastric
      emptying.

PMID- 6440210
TI  - [Prospective study of preparation for colon double-contrast studies with enemas
      compared to oral mannitol/Na-picosulfate administration with the same diet].
AB  - In preparation for the colon double contrast method two groups of patients, both
      with identical dietary regimen, were compared. In one case an oral mannitol dose
      (20%) plus sodium picosulphate was given, in the other enema plus bisacodyl was
      applied. In a total of 132 patients, the group which was treated with mannitol
      showed significantly better cleansing results and a better coating with the
      contrast medium. Considerable side effects did not occur. Further advantages:
      reduced number of personnel required, less trouble for the patients, out-patient
      investigation possible.

PMID- 6440211
TI  - Inhibitory effects of dispersed human amnion cells on production rates of
      prostaglandin E and F by endometrial cells.
AB  - Dispersed cells were prepared from amniotic membranes obtained either by
      caesarean section near term before labor (CS) or after spontaneous vaginal
      delivery (SL) and from human endometrial curettings. The cells were maintained
      separately in primary culture for about 18 h. Production rates (PR) of PGE and
      PGF during incubation for 1 h in defined medium were determined when the cell
      types were separate (n = 60) or combined (n = 27) and when endometrial cells were
      incubated in medium conditioned by CS amnion cells (n = 13) or SL amnion cells (n
      = 12). The PR of PGE by CS amnion cells was five times greater than that of PGF
      and there was a two-fold increase (p less than 0.01) in PGE but not PGF by SL
      cells. Co-incubation was associated with a 25-32% fall in PR of both PGE and PGF
      (p less than 0.01) compared to the sum from separately incubated cells when CS
      cells were used whereas values for co-incubated SL cells did not differ from
      controls. Conditioned medium from CS but not SL cells inhibited PGE and PGF
      output by 30% and 40% (p less than 0.01) respectively. These findings suggest
      that human amnion cells release an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in
      endometrial cells.

PMID- 6440212
TI  - Increase in concentrations of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and
      prostacyclin synthase in human myometrium in late pregnancy.
AB  - Concentrations of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (i.e. cyclooxygenase; PGH
      synthase) and prostacyclin synthase (PGI synthase) were quantified with specific
      radioimmunometric assays in human myometrium during the last trimester of
      pregnancy (n = 23) and in non-pregnant controls (n = 8). Pregnant myometrium
      contained 3 times more PGH synthase per mg microsomal protein than non-pregnant
      myometrium (p less than 0.01) but there was no increase with increasing
      gestational age in the third trimester nor with the onset of labor. In pregnancy,
      as compared to the non-pregnant state, there was no significant change in the PGI
      synthase content of myometrial microsomes, but significantly more PGI synthase
      was recovered in other subcellular fractions (p less than 0.01). This suggests
      that pregnancy affects preferential changes in the subcellular distribution of
      PGI synthase in myometrial cells. Relative to its PGI synthase content pregnant
      myometrium contained twice as much PGH synthase as non-pregnant myometrium (p
      less than 0.01). This may offer further evidence that PGH synthase rather than
      PGI synthase itself is the rate limiting factor in myometrial PGI2 production. On
      the other hand, the much larger increase in PGH synthase than in PGI synthase in
      pregnant as compared to non-pregnant myometrium, may serve to promote
      preferential synthesis of prostaglandins that are potent myometrial stimulants
      and of critical importance in human parturition.

PMID- 6440213
TI  - Plasma prostaglandin levels and circulating fuel levels in rats with diabetic
      ketoacidosis: effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and of alpha and beta
      adrenergic blockade.
AB  - We studied the effects of two structurally unrelated inhibitors of the fatty acid
      cyclooxygenase and of alpha and beta adrenergic blockade on the elevated plasma
      levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin (PG)E2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      thromboxane (TX)B2, the stable derivatives of PGE2, PGI2 (prostacyclin) and TXA2,
      respectively, in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
      Meclofenamic acid and indomethacin each produced a significant decrease in the
      elevated plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2.
      Phentolamine significantly reduced the plasma level of TXB2 but had no effect on
      the elevated circulating levels of glucose, free fatty acids, total ketones,
      13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Propranolol significantly
      reduced the elevated circulating levels of glucose, free fatty acids and total
      ketones but had no effect on the levels of the three prostaglandin derivatives.
      The ability of meclofenamic acid and indomethacin to reduce the plasma levels of
      13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 confirms that the plasma
      levels of these three derivatives are elevated in rats with DKA. Since
      abnormalities in the production of PGI2 and perhaps other cyclooxygenase
      derivatives may contribute to the pathogenesis of certain important hemodynamic
      and gastrointestinal features of DKA, cyclooxygenase inhibitors may play a role
      in the management of selected patients with this disorder. Alpha adrenergic
      activity is essential for the maintenance of the elevated plasma TXB2 level in
      rats with DKA. The fall in the plasma TXB2 level during alpha adrenergic blockade
      appears to reflect inhibition of platelet aggregation and platelet TXA2
      production, but other sources of the elevated plasma TXB2 level in DKA are not
      excluded. Beta adrenergic activity contributes to the maintenance of elevated
      circulating levels of glucose, free fatty acids and total ketones in experimental
      DKA but not to the elevated plasma levels of the prostaglandin derivatives.

PMID- 6440214
TI  - Arachidonic acid-induced human platelet aggregation independent of cyclooxygenase
      and lipoxygenase.
AB  - It is generally agreed that arachidonic acid (20: 4 omega 6) can stimulate
      platelet aggregation after conversion to prostaglandin G2 and H2 and thence to
      thromboxane A2. This action is prevented by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Washed
      platelets were isolated on metrizamide gradient and resuspended in a Ca2+-free
      buffer. Their stimulation by C 20: 4 6 was followed by 14C serotonin (5HT)
      release, thromboxane (TX) synthesis and an increase of light transmission, not
      dependent on aggregation, accompanied by slight lysis (14%). The addition of
      extrinsic Ca2+ suppressed lysis and allowed the formation of aggregates. Under
      these conditions, cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as acetyl salicylic acid,
      indomethacin or flurbiprofen totally suppressed TX synthesis without preventing
      platelet aggregation or [14C]-5HT release. Other C 20 polyunsaturated fatty acids
      could not substitute for C 20: 4 omega 6 in inducing aggregation, and Ca2+ was
      found to be a prerequisite for protection of the cell against lysis as well as
      for aggregation in the absence or TX formation. The use of the lipoxygenase
      inhibitor BW 755 C did not prevent C 20: 4 omega 6-induced aggregation of aspirin
      treated platelets, suggesting that the phenomenon was independent of this pathway
      also. The total suppression of oxidative metabolism with these inhibitors was
      verified by the analysis of icosanoids using glass capillary column gas
      chromatography. It is suggested that under these conditions, C 20: 4 omega 6
      induced platelet aggregation might be due to an increased membrane permeability
      to Ca2+ induced by this fatty acid in the absence of oxidation.

PMID- 6440215
TI  - The effects of alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation on
      prostaglandin release by rabbit iris.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh)
      on prostaglandin (PGE2 and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha) production by rabbit iris, measured
      by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the type of phospholipase activated by NE in
      irides in which phosphatidylinositol (PI) was doubly prelabeled with [3H] myo
      inositol and [1-14C] arachidonic acid (14C-AA), quantitated by radiometric and
      chromatographic methods. PGE2 output in 60 min (3.6 micrograms/g tissue) was 2.6
      times greater than 6 keto-PGF1 alpha. PG production is time-dependent and it is
      stimulated by NE and ACh in a dose-dependent manner. The NE- and ACh-induced
      release of PGE2, measured by RIA, is mediated through alpha 1-adrenergic and
      muscarinic cholinergic receptors, respectively, and it requires Ca2+ for maximal
      stimulation. Studies on the mechanism of AA release from PI in irides doubly
      prelabeled with 14C-AA and [3H] myo-inositol revealed the following: (a) Both NE
      and ACh increased the breakdown of PI, and this was accompanied by a significant
      increase in the release of AA and consequently PGE2. The stimulatory effects of
      NE and ACh are mediated through alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors respectively. (b) The NE-induced formation of 3H-lyso PI and the NE
      induced metabolism of 14C-1,2-diacyl-glycerol (DG) are time-dependent. Two
      pathways for AA release from PI are probably operative in the iris: (a) An
      indirect release by PI-specific phospholipase C which produces DG, followed by
      the actions of DG- and monoacylglycerol lipases on DG to release AA. (b) A direct
      release by phospholipase A2. Whether lyso PI is a product of the
      polyphosphoinositide response remains to be established. Other phospholipids such
      as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine could also serve as a source
      for AA in PG synthesis. In conclusion, the data presented provide evidence that
      in the iris the neuro-transmitter-stimulated release of PG and AA, from
      phosphoinositides, for PG synthesis is coupled to the activation of alpha 1
      adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 6440216
TI  - Nursing evaluation: a mastery learning perspective.

PMID- 6440217
TI  - What's the Q.I.T. course all about?

PMID- 6440218
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: the 36 hour lifestyle.

PMID- 6440219
TI  - Back injuries amongst Queensland nurses: 1981-82 or "It's not really all in your
      imagination"!

PMID- 6440220
TI  - Nurse educators and the future.

PMID- 6440222
TI  - Isolated nursing update: few luxuries for outback nurses.

PMID- 6440221
TI  - Hospitals without students: Toowoomba nurses look to the future.

PMID- 6440223
TI  - [Constant infusion system of 15O labeled-water].
AB  - The quantitative measurement of regional blood flow and regional extravascular
      lung water, called for a design of 15O labeled water production and
      administration under continuous and constant flow. In our search for simple
      methodology, suitable for clinical routine facilities, two remote-controlled
      systems were designed and their applicability for continuous and constant
      infusion of H215O were tested. In system (A), H215O was prepared from C15O2 based
      on the fast exchange reaction between carbon dioxide and carbonic acid. In the
      system (B), the reaction of 15O2 with H2 using palladium as a catalyst was
      adopted. In the both systems, the radioactivity level of the infusate was kept
      constant by using a buffer reservoir. Clinical applicability of both fully
      automated systems for the production of sterile H215O at a continuous and
      constant rate was discussed. Namely, system (A), being very simple seems more
      suitable for any closely located facility but system (B) is more suited for the
      production of higher radioactivity.

PMID- 6440224
TI  - [Prospective study of A, B, and non-A, non-B acute hepatitis: epidemiologic and
      clinical differences].

PMID- 6440225
TI  - [Hepatic abscess, osteomyelitis and monoclonal gammapathy in chronic
      brucellosis].

PMID- 6440226
TI  - [Determination of global and regional ventricular ejection fraction by a fully
      digitalized technic. Results of digital subtraction angiocardiography following
      peripheral venous contrast injection compared to cineventriculography, 2
      dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography].
AB  - Subtraction angiocardiography (DSAK) with a fully digitalised system (DR 960)
      provides a well defined demonstration of the left ventricle after peripheral
      venous contrast injection. Cardiac volume and ejection fractions were calculated
      by a dedicated software programme and the findings correlated with cine
      ventriculography (CA) (r = 0.91), biplane echo cardiography (2 DE) (r = 0.77) and
      radionucleid ventriculography (RNV) (r = 0.85); the method can be used even with
      reduced cardiac output (EF less than or equal to 15%). Densitometric measurements
      of the EF on phantoms correspond with morphometric findings, but its clinical
      application is at present not possible because of the frequent appearance of
      artefacts. Analysis of regional disturbances of ventricular wall movements shows
      very good correlation between DSAK and CA and these appear more accurate than 2
      DE. DSAK is a valuable, rapid and reproducible method with few side effects for
      cardiological diagnosis.

PMID- 6440227
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the
      supra-aortic extracranial vascular system. Comparative study of i.v. DSA and
      plain film angiography].
AB  - Digital intravenous subtraction angiography (DSA) and conventional film
      angiography were used to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of DSA-examinations.
      In 90% of 650 DSA-angiogramms the image quality was diagnostic. For 124 carotid
      angiographies a comparison of both methods was possible and gave a sensitivity of
      87%, a specificity of 96% and an accuracy of 90% for the DSA examinations. The
      authors believe that digital subtraction angiography is suitable as a screening
      method for supraaortal vascular occlusive diseases.

PMID- 6440228
TI  - [Initial findings with magnetic resonance tomography of mediastinal and hilar
      tumors].
AB  - Twenty-six tumours of the mediastinum and hilar regions were examined by magnetic
      resonance; the technique and initial experience in distinguishing normal from
      pathological appearances are described. ECG triggering has proved essential,
      whereas respiratory triggering was found to be unnecessary. Spin-echo images were
      found to be best for tumour delineation but, for further characterisation, the
      inversion recovery mode and multi-echo technique were most satisfactory. In
      general, the space-occupying lesion was seen as well as it would be with CT. The
      advantages of the new method are the excellent differentiation of vascular
      structures and the ability to image in multiple planes, whereas CT possesses
      better resolution which, in some cases, may be of diagnostic advantage.

PMID- 6440229
TI  - [Posterior fossa masses. Comparison of magnetic resonance tomography and computed
      tomography].
AB  - The results of magnetic resonance imaging, using a 0.5 Tesla superconductive
      magnet in 6 patients with clinical (6), angiographic (6) and histologic (4)
      diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors were reviewed and compared with x-ray
      computed tomography. Optimal visualization of normal and abnormal anatomic
      relationships and the possibility and value of calculated T1- and T2-pictures
      with the aid of spin-echo-technique are discussed.

PMID- 6440230
TI  - [Calcification of optic disk drusen on CT].
AB  - Four cases of unilateral or bilateral calcification of optic disk drusen have
      been observed on CT. The clinical indications are considered. The differential
      diagnosis of intra-orbital calcification is discussed.

PMID- 6440231
TI  - [Computed tomography of malignant stomach tumors].
AB  - Forty-four patients with malignant disease of the stomach (41 carcinomas, three
      non-Hodgkin lymphomas) and two patients with chronic gastric ulcers were examined
      by computer tomography before undergoing surgery. The ulcers, the non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma and the carcinomas stages pT2 to pT4 were easily demonstrated, as well
      as 66% of carcinomas in stage pT1. In addition to the primary tumour, it was
      possible to recognise lymph node and organ metastases. Two of the 46 patients
      were not submitted for surgery because of extensive metastases.

PMID- 6440232
TI  - [Fine relief of the stomach and diagnosis of gastritis. A radiologic-endoscopic
      histologic comparative study].
AB  - To assess the sensitivity of radiology in diagnosis of gastritis within 2 hours
      endoscopy and biopsy of the stomach and double contrast barium meal were
      performed. The diagnosis was established of the morphologic picture of the areae
      gastricae, which were sufficient visible in 33 out of 50 cases (66%). In 7
      patients radiologic findings were normal, 13 patients showed superficial
      gastritis, 10 patients had superficial gastritis with signs of atrophy and in 3
      patients there was an erosive gastritis. In all 33 patients (100%) there was a
      complete correlation of radiologic and endoscopic findings, in 24 out of 33 cases
      (73%) even correlation between radiologic and histologic classification. These
      results are discussed and confrontated with literatures.

PMID- 6440233
TI  - [Intrathoracic-extrapleural esophageal replacement with gastroplasty].
AB  - We carried out replacement of the oesophagus by transposing the stomach in 87
      patients, 64 with carcinoma of the oesophagus. There is an immediate operative
      mortality of 20-30%, but this is followed by a relatively low morbidity, which is
      well demonstrated radiologically (stricture at the anastomosis, which can be
      mechanically dilated, about 22%; external fistula with a tendency to spontaneous
      closure about 25%; ectasia of the thoracic stomach, 15-25%). Average survival
      time is eight to ten months. There is a 24% risk of post-operative pulmonary
      oedema and daily chest x-rays are indicated.

PMID- 6440234
TI  - [Efficient procedure for diagnosing abdominal abscesses using imaging technics].
AB  - In 56 patients with abdominal abscess typical radiological abscess sings were
      analized to establish a rational and stepwise use of imaging procedures. Plain
      radiographs of the abdomen should be carried out at first because of their large
      diagnostic possibilities and standardized practicability. In addition with
      ultrasonography the diagnosis is possible in almost 90% of the cases. Contrast
      medium examination are rarely of diagnostic value. Computed tomography should be
      used in the remaining unclear cases and for planning of further surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 6440235
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of malignant tumors in patients with kidney transplants].
AB  - 17 of 400 patients with a total of 537 renal transplantations developed a
      malignant tumour (4,2%). 3 patients had a tumour of the skin or lips, 5 a solid
      lymphoma, 2 a hepatocellular carcinoma and 7 each another tumour. The radiologic
      findings of the patients are described. The problems around the diagnostics of
      malignant tumours in patients with renal transplantations are discussed.

PMID- 6440236
TI  - [Cerebral sonography in children and adolescents with acquired skull defects].
AB  - 16 patients between 20 months and 21 years of age with acquired defects of the
      calvarium were examined by static and real time sonography. The first cerebral
      sonogram of every patient was compared with his CCT scans. There was no
      difference between sonographic and CCT-examination results in 8 patients.
      Additional diagnostic information was found in two sonographic and 6 CCT
      examinations when compared with each other. In large defects, detailed
      echographic visualization of normal and pathological anatomy was possible,
      resulting in prompt diagnosis of tumor recurrence. If cerebral sonography is
      compared with CCT, there are several advantages of sonography lack of
      preparation: no transport of severely ill patients, no contrast application, low
      cost. These advantages makes cerebral echography especially suitable for close
      follow up of tumor therapy and patients of intensive care units.

PMID- 6440237
TI  - [Mirizzi syndrome: a sonographic diagnosis?].
AB  - The ultrasound appearances of 11 patients with operatively confirmed Mirizzi
      syndrome have been analysed. The trio 'dilated intrahepatic bile ducts,
      concretions in the neighbourhood of the dilated common hepatic duct with a normal
      distal duct' permit the diagnosis of the Mirizzi syndrome with considerable
      certainty. In five patients these features were found by sonography and no other
      diagnostic procedure was necessary. In six patients, ERC was carried out in order
      to evaluate the distal common bile duct. In one case PTC was carried out, since
      the liver hilum could not be seen on sonography.

PMID- 6440238
TI  - Erdheim-Chester disease.
AB  - A new case of Erdheim-Chester lipoid granulomatosis is described in a 40-year-old
      man. In this lipid storage disease, characteristic symmetrical osteosclerotic
      areas are observed mainly in metadiaphyses of long tubular bones. Bone biopsy is
      mandatory for definite diagnosis, although characteristic radiographic pictures
      often provide an important clue to the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6440239
TI  - Hypothenar Hammer syndrome.
AB  - The authors report on the hypothenar Hammer syndrome and on their observations.
      They present some of their cases and review the relevant literature. The
      diagnostic possibilities and therapy are discussed.

PMID- 6440240
TI  - [Imaging of a parathyroid adenoma with magnetic resonance tomography].

PMID- 6440241
TI  - [Computed tomographic diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid disorders and their
      significance as indications for surgery in granulomatous meningoencephalitis].

PMID- 6440242
TI  - Angiography and embolization of the corona mortis (aberrant obturator artery). A
      source of persistent pelvic bleeding.

PMID- 6440243
TI  - [Unrecognized foreign body aspiration as the cause of middle lobe syndrome].

PMID- 6440244
TI  - [Diagnosis of loose bodies in the olecranon fossa of the elbow joint].

PMID- 6440245
TI  - [Multiple chondromas--healing following a pathological fracture].

PMID- 6440246
TI  - [Retroperitoneal tumor in a case of Von Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6440247
TI  - [Neurofibroma of the small intestine associated with von Recklinghausen's
      disease: apropos of a case].

PMID- 6440248
TI  - [A case of mixed lithium and phenothiazine poisoning with a fatal outcome].

PMID- 6440249
TI  - Nicotine has no effect on the metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid or
      prostaglandin E2 in isolated perfused rat and hamster lungs.
AB  - 14C-labelled arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were infused into the
      pulmonary circulation of isolated rat and hamster lungs, and the radioactive
      metabolites were analysed from the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent by thin
      layer chromatography. Pulmonary infusion of nicotine (1 or 10 microM for 5 min)
      did not interfere with the metabolite pattern of arachidonic acid or the
      metabolism of PGE2 by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Nicotine seems not
      to be responsible for the previously reported cigarette smoke-induced alterations
      in the pulmonary metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid and PGE2.

PMID- 6440250
TI  - [Hypoxia and hypercapnia on pulmonary circulation].

PMID- 6440251
TI  - Effect of amiloride on cisternal fluid [HCO3-] in acute respiratory acidosis.
AB  - In the present study we investigated if an amiloride inhibitable Na+ -H+ exchange
      mechanism may also be involved in the regulation of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) [HCO3-] during acute respiratory acidosis (ARA). In anesthetized, paralyzed
      and ventilated dogs either mock CSF (group I, control) or mock CSF containing
      amiloride (group II) was injected into the cerebral lateral ventricles and ARA
      was induced by 8-10% CO2 breathing during 4 1/2 hours. During hypercapnia
      arterial PCO2 and plasma [HCO3-] rose respectively by about 35 mm Hg and 3 mmol/L
      in both groups. The rise in cisternal CSF PCO2 (about 40 mm Hg) was similar.
      However, changes in CSF [HCO3-] were significantly different between the two
      groups; in the control group, mean CSF [HCO3-] rose by 2.4, 4.1 and 4.4 mmol/L
      respectively, 1 1/2, 3 and 4 1/2 h after induction of ARA. In the amiloride group
      the respective rise was only 1.1, 2.5 and 2.5 mmol/L. The differences in CSF
      [HCO3-] could not be ascribed to differences in CSF lactate concentration. We
      conclude that an amiloride inhibitable Na+ -H+ exchange may play a role in the
      regulation of CSF [HCO3-] during acute respiratory acidosis in dogs.

PMID- 6440252
TI  - [Use of a test exposing lymphocytes to mitomycin C in the diagnosis of Fanconi's
      anemia].

PMID- 6440253
TI  - [Use of factors VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag in the detection of classic hemophilia. Study
      of 40 cases].

PMID- 6440254
TI  - [Structure of the consultations for pediatric and adult illnesses in the offices
      of the Northwestern Metropolitan health Service (1980-1981)].

PMID- 6440255
TI  - [Short-term chemotherapy of tuberculosis in Chile. Bacteriological
      considerations].

PMID- 6440256
TI  - [Genetic composition of the residents of the city of Valdivia, Chile].

PMID- 6440257
TI  - [Emergency colonoscopy in colonic hemorrhages].

PMID- 6440258
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition is enterocutaneous fistulas. Indications and feasibility].

PMID- 6440259
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition. Planning and practical execution].

PMID- 6440260
TI  - [Feeding jejunostomy].

PMID- 6440261
TI  - Continuous high energy low flow-rate enteral support.

PMID- 6440262
TI  - [Enteral fistulas in Crohn disease].

PMID- 6440263
TI  - Lung mechanics and breathing pattern during wakefulness and sleep in children
      with enlarged tonsils.
AB  - Thirteen children (mean age, 45 months) with nocturnal symptoms of upper airway
      obstruction, the result of enlarged tonsils, were tested during wakefulness (W)
      and sleep (S) induced by chloral hydrate (less than or equal to 50 mg/kg). During
      W, lung mechanics, blood gas, breathing pattern, and airflows during tidal
      breathing were in the normal range. During S, total lung resistance increased
      significantly, and dynamic lung compliance and transcutaneous PO2 decreased
      significantly. During S, the tidal volume (VT) and the mean inspiratory flow,
      normalized for body weight (BW), decreased whereas the ratio of the inspiratory
      time (TI) over the total duration of the respiratory cycle (TTOT) rose,
      indicating a longer contraction time of the respiratory muscles. The time to
      reach peak inspiratory flow, measured as a percentage of TI (dTI/TI), increased
      in seven children, with no change in the ratio of the expiratory flow over the
      inspiratory flow, both measured at 50% of VT (EF50/IF50). In three other patients
      dTI/TI decreased with an increase in EF50/IF50. We conclude that in children with
      enlarged tonsils, S modified lung mechanics, gas exchange, and the inspiratory
      components of the breathing pattern and airflow.

PMID- 6440264
TI  - Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with nasal continuous positive
      airway pressure.
AB  - To help define the place of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP)
      treatment in a general sleep apnea population we studied 12 of 13 consecutively
      diagnosed patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The immediate
      effects of n-CPAP were tested during a nighttime sleep study divided into two
      approximately equal parts (control and n-CPAP). Nasal CPAP of 5-10 cm H2O
      decreased apnea index (apneas per hour of sleep) (control 35.1, n-CPAP 5.7; p
      less than 0.001) and significantly improved oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2). The
      effect was independent of body weight and the presence of cardiorespiratory
      complications. However, in three patients with lung disease and markedly elevated
      PaCO2, significant sleep-related hypoxemia persisted at the relatively low
      pressures required to open the upper airway. Long-term home-based n-CPAP was
      offered to 11 patients. (One patient was considered unsuitable because of
      persisting profound sleep-related hypoxemia). Seven patients consented and were
      followed for periods ranging from 1 to 18 months. All patients reported dramatic
      reversal of daytime hypersomnolence; three complained of minor nasal stuffiness
      but compliance was good and only one stopped using the mask (after 12 months).
      Apnea index decreased following home use of n-CPAP (before 35.9, after 18.1; p
      less than 0.01) but overall respiratory instability (apnea + hypopnea) and SaO2
      were not significantly improved. It is concluded that n-CPAP is a highly
      effective means of preventing upper airway occlusion in OSAS and, except for some
      patients with coexisting lung disease, it totally reverses the accompanying gas
      exchange disturbance. Long-term home-based n-CPAP therapy is acceptable to a
      majority of patients, is free of serious side effects, and appears to result in a
      partial reversal of the underlying breathing disorder.

PMID- 6440265
TI  - Modulatory mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis: the role of the NADPH pool in
      the benzo(a)pyrene activation.
AB  - Human lymphocytes and human skin fibroblasts isolated in vitro from subjects
      carrying the Mediterranean variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
      exhibit an 86-87% decrease of this enzymatic activity. This is coupled with 51%
      and 61% decreases of the NADPH/NADP+ ratio in the G6PD-deficient human
      lymphocytes (HL) and human skin fibroblasts (HSF), respectively. There also
      occurs a 63-67% decrease of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) in the deficient
      cells. Incubation with 0.1 mM methylene blue stimulates the HMS of normal HL 15
      fold and that of deficient lymphocytes only 2.4-fold. These figures are,
      respectively, 7 and 2.2 in the case of HSF. This behavior of G6PD-deficient HL
      and HSF is coupled with an increase of the resistance to the cell death induced
      by benzo(a)pyrene (BP). This effect is mimicked by the incubation of normal HSF
      with dehydroepiandrosterone (DEA) which strongly inhibits G6PD. In contrast, no
      differences between normal and deficient HSF occur as a result of the effect of
      methylnitrosourea (MNU), a carcinogen that does not need metabolic activation.
      The NADPH-cytochrome c (P450) reductase of G6PD-deficient HL and HSF homogenates
      becomes lower than that of controls when endogenous G6PD and exogenous glucose 6
      phosphate (G6P) and NADP+ are used as a hydrogen donor system in place of NADPH.
      Normal and G6PD-deficient HL, having comparable BP-hydroxylating activities, in
      the presence of exogenous G6P, NADP+, and G6PD, were studied to determine the
      effect of the absence of exogenous G6PD in the reaction system.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440266
TI  - Enhancement of induced sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations by
      inhibitors of DNA repair processes.
AB  - The effect of post-treatment with inhibitors of DNA synthesis (hydroxyurea,
      aphidicolin) and repair (caffeine, 3-aminobenzamide) on the frequencies of
      chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced by mitomycin
      C and decarbamoyl mitomycin C both in Chinese hamster cells and in human
      lymphocytes in vitro has been studied. The data show that in the case of Chinese
      hamster and human lymphocytes mitomycin C-treated cells there is an increased
      frequency of both chromosomal aberrations and SCE after a G2 post-treatment with
      the inhibitors, while no increase is observed for decarbamoyl mitomycin C-treated
      cells. Since SCE are DNA synthesis-dependent phenomenon, an increase in the
      frequency of SCE also in the G2 phase might suggest that after mitomycin C
      treatment there is a residual DNA synthesis still going on very late in the cell
      cycle.

PMID- 6440267
TI  - Characteristics of severe diabetic ketoacidoses occurring before and after 60
      years of age.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1982, 459 cases of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (pH less than or
      equal to 7.20, total -CO2 less than or equal to 10 mMol/l) were admitted to our
      Intensive Care Unit. 416 (241 males, 175 females) were under 60 years (41 +/- 7)
      and 43 (22 males, 21 females) exceeded 60 years of age (67 +/- 7). The
      precipitating causes were fairly similar, in both groups, with infections
      foremost (68%). Presenting biochemical parameters, before and after 60 years
      showed differences in: blood glucose: 32.7 +/- 12 versus 34.8 +/- 8.1 mMol/l;
      plasma sodium 137 +/- 14 versus 143 +/- 16 mMol/l; plasma potassium 4.2 +/- 0.9
      versus 4.9 +/- 0.7 mMol/l; hydrogen ion concentration 95 +/- 17 versus 73 +/- 12
      mMol/l, (p less than 0.01); plasma osmolarity 327 +/- 98 versus 379 +/- 96
      mOsm/l. The difference was significant (p less than 0.01) in frequency of
      hypernatremic hyperosmolarity (initial sodium greater than 147 mMol/l): 7.4% of
      202 cases before age 60 years versus 24.1% of 29 case after age 60 years. The
      fluid amounts administered i.v. within the first 24 h was greater before (7516 +/
      2121 ml; p less than 0.01) than after 60 years (5276 +/- 1132 ml); insulin
      requirements were greater after 60 years (236 +/- 78 U/24 h; p less than 0.01)
      than before the age of 60 years (182 + 59 U/24 h). The mortality rate in the
      course of severe diabetic ketoacidoses was significantly lower before 60 years
      (1.3%, p less than 0.01) as against 6.9% after age 60 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440268
TI  - [Temporal osteomuscular flap. Anatomical study and experimental and surgical
      technic].
AB  - Mandibular reconstruction can be realized through use of an osteo-muscular flap
      of the temporal bone by a sagittal rotation around it's principal vessels.
      Experiments and anatomy study have desined the details of the technique which has
      been demonstrated in one clinical case. In spite of the necessity of
      neurosurgical collaboration the technique is easy and rapid and the flap's
      excellent blood supply makes it a good choice when local conditions of mandibular
      osteoplasty are bad.

PMID- 6440269
TI  - [Hurler's disease type 1 occurring in adulthood. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 6440270
TI  - Lactoferrin in pure pancreatic juice.
AB  - Lactoferrin as assayed by a radial immunodiffusion technique was studied in pure
      pancreatic juice collected at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from
      23 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 12 with acute pancreatitis, 21 with
      pancreatic cancer, and 29 cases of nonpancreatic gastrointestinal disease. No
      clear difference between lactoferrin concentrations in the chronic pancreatitis
      patients and other groups was found. Moreover, most lactoferrin levels were below
      the limit of detection in our assay. In addition, lactoferrin total protein
      ratios did not appear to be of value in the differential diagnosis of chronic
      pancreatitis. These results seem to be in contrast to the findings of other
      authors, who measured lactoferrin in duodenal fluid--which is unreliable, in our
      opinion--or who mainly studied chronic pancreatitis patients and few other
      pancreatic diseases. Lactoferrin might well be a nonspecific marker for serious
      pancreatic inflammation.

PMID- 6440271
TI  - The effect of physical stress on gastric secretion and pancreatic polypeptide
      levels in man.
AB  - Twelve healthy subjects were exposed to a 4-day period of hard physical exercise,
      calorie supply deficiency, and severe sleep deprivation. The basal acid output
      (BAO), the sham-feeding-induced acid output (MAOsh), and the pentagastrin
      stimulated acid output (MAOpg) were measured immediately after this stress period
      and in a control experiment performed several weeks later. The stress induced a
      threefold increase in the median BAO and an increase (p less than 0.05) in the
      MAOsh, which, however, was not significantly elevated when basal-subtracted.
      MAOpg was unchanged. In contrast to acid, pepsin output was not influenced by
      stress. The human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) level in serum increased twofold
      after the stress. The integrated hPP response induced by modified sham feeding
      was higher (p = 0.02) after the stress than in the control experiment. The
      results show that physical stress has separate influence on the gastric secretion
      of acid and pepsin.

PMID- 6440272
TI  - Hydrops foetalis in 3 infants of a mother with acquired chronic pure red cell
      aplasia: transitory red cell aplasia in 1 of the infants.
AB  - A young woman with acquired chronic pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) gave birth to 3
      infants with foetal hydrops. The 1st infant died shortly after birth, while the
      2nd was stillborn with severe anaemia. Both had signs of increased erythropoiesis
      at autopsy. The 3rd infant was saved by foetal intrauterine red cell transfusions
      into the hepatic part of the umbilical vein. This infant had red cell aplasia
      lasting for about 3 months after birth, but then recovered. We believe that
      antibodies to red cell progenitors in the bone marrow were transferred
      transplacentally from mother to foetus, giving rise to severe affection of these
      infants. To the best of our knowledge this has not been reported previously in
      PRCA.

PMID- 6440273
TI  - Megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in a child.
AB  - A child with megakaryoblastic transformation of Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous
      leukaemia, complicated by myelofibrosis, is reported. The blastic cells were
      negative for myeloperoxidase by ultrastructural cytochemistry. They had Factor
      VIII antigen and platelet glycoprotein but were negative for platelet peroxidase
      activity. This discrepancy seemed to be due to neoplastic origin of blastic
      cells.

PMID- 6440274
TI  - Distinct or overlapping functions of human class II genes.

PMID- 6440275
TI  - Factor VIII concentrates and their clotting activity.

PMID- 6440276
TI  - Factor VIII assay proficiency assessment: experience in the UK.

PMID- 6440277
TI  - Factor VIII assay proficiency assessment: experience in the USA.

PMID- 6440278
TI  - Principles of in vivo recovery and survival studies of VIII:C.

PMID- 6440279
TI  - Methodology of the one-stage assay of Factor VIII (VIII:C).

PMID- 6440280
TI  - Comparison of Factor VIII concentrates in non-bleeding patients.

PMID- 6440281
TI  - In vivo recovery of FVIII:C in hemophilic patients.

PMID- 6440282
TI  - Factor VIII related activities in concentrates.

PMID- 6440283
TI  - Non Factor VIII related constituents in concentrates.

PMID- 6440284
TI  - Methodology of the two-stage assay of Factor VIII (VIII:C).

PMID- 6440285
TI  - Comparisons of one-stage and two-stage assays of Factor VIII:C.

PMID- 6440286
TI  - The statistical evaluation of Factor VIII clotting assays.

PMID- 6440287
TI  - The control and standardization of Factor VIII.

PMID- 6440288
TI  - Standardization of VIII:C assays: a manufacturer's view.

PMID- 6440289
TI  - Quality control of the one-stage Factor VIII (VIII:C) assay in the coagulation
      laboratory.

PMID- 6440290
TI  - [Introduction to the status of swimming pool hygiene].

PMID- 6440291
TI  - [Relation between HDL cholesterol and fasting glycemia in a normal population and
      a diabetic group].
AB  - An inverse relationship exists between the levels of HDL-cholesterol and fasting
      blood sugar in a control population (active men, n = 522) and a group of
      diabetics. The diabetics also have reduced apoprotein A-I levels (98.7 +/- 21.0
      U/l) in comparison with normoglycemic controls (115.0 +/- 8.3 U/l). Given the
      role that the HDL fraction has been suggested to exercise in the development of
      atherosclerosis, the inverse relationship described above could be involved in
      determining the extent of cardiovascular disease in diabetics.

PMID- 6440292
TI  - [Classification of epilepsy].
AB  - The epilepsies may, according to the particular purpose, be classified in
      different ways. Etiology is often unknown, but the age of onset may give a lead
      as to the most probable causes. In planning treatment it is important to know the
      seizure form, as defined by clinical observation and the EEG. The international
      classifications of the epileptic seizures (symptoms) and the epilepsies
      (diseases) are too particularized for use in daily practice. For this it suffices
      to distinguish the age-dependent minor attacks (flexion spasms, myoclonic-astatic
      petit mal, absences, myoclonic petit mal), from the partial seizures, which are
      divided into simple (neocortical focal) and complex (limbic) seizures. All can
      combine with generalized seizures (grand mal) or lead on to such.

PMID- 6440293
TI  - [The physiological function and clinical significance of transferrin].

PMID- 6440294
TI  - Toward excellence in spinal cord injury nursing care.

PMID- 6440295
TI  - Genetic dissection of cell determination, a complex system in biology.

PMID- 6440296
TI  - [A case of long-term care at the day hospital].

PMID- 6440297
TI  - [Seropositivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in 4 population groups in the state of
      Oaxaca].

PMID- 6440298
TI  - Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)--an unusual cause of parenchymal
      lung disease. A case report.
AB  - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and bullae are uncommon findings in
      neurofibromatosis. A case of this disease with pulmonary parenchymal involvement
      is presented and the association between the two is discussed.

PMID- 6440299
TI  - [Supportive treatment in hemopathies].

PMID- 6440300
TI  - Social welfare expenditures, 1981 and 1982.

PMID- 6440301
TI  - The dental profession and the elderly: a favorable opportunity.

PMID- 6440302
TI  - Migraine.
AB  - The most widely accepted classification of the migraine syndrome includes common,
      classic, complicated and cluster migraines. Migraine variants refer to episodic
      dysfunctions of an organ or system which either occur in the migraine sufferer,
      or replace the headache. While migraine appears to be a primary disorder of the
      cerebral vessels, there is current experimentation into the role of circulating
      serotin, prostaglandins, platelet abnormalities and estrogen levels. Both
      nonnarcotic and narcotic treatments are available, and prophylactic measures may
      be indicated.

PMID- 6440303
TI  - [Current treatment of hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6440304
TI  - The relationship between prenatal lethality or fetal weight and intrauterine
      position in rats exposed to diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, 3,4,3',4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl, or cadmium.
AB  - When administered orally during gestation, diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol
      (ZN), and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB) but not cadmium (Cd) exhibited
      significant developmental toxicity, including elevated embryo- and fetolethality
      and reduced fetal weight, in Sprague-Dawley rats. An analysis was performed to
      determine the effect of intrauterine position on these parameters. In control
      dams sacrificed after day 18, the general pattern was that fetuses at the ovarian
      end of the uterine horns were significantly lighter in weight, while the heavier
      fetuses were located in middle positions. Treatment with each of the chemicals
      reduced fetal weight equally across all uterine positions. An inverse of the
      weight pattern was observed for prenatal mortality in controls. Embryonic
      resorptions were relatively more frequent at both ovarian and cervical ends,
      while conceptuses at intermediate positions were less vulnerable. No significant
      alterations in this pattern were observed in treated litters. The frequency of
      late fetal deaths in 4CB-treated litters was significantly higher at the cervical
      end of the horn, however. No differences between horns or between sexes were
      observed in the relative position patterns for either weight or mortality.

PMID- 6440305
TI  - Improvement of pressurised aerosol deposition with Nebuhaler spacer device.
AB  - The effect on aerosol deposition from a pressurised metered dose inhaler of a 750
      cm3 spacer device with a one way inhalation valve (Nebuhaler, Astra
      Pharmaceuticals) was assessed by means of an in vivo radiotracer technique. Nine
      patients with obstructive lung disease took part in the study. The pattern of
      deposition associated with use of a metered dose inhaler alone was compared with
      that achieved with the spacer used both for inhalation of single puffs of aerosol
      and for inhalation of four puffs actuated in rapid succession and then inhaled
      simultaneously. On each occasion there was a delay of 1 s between aerosol release
      and inhalation, simulating poor inhaler technique. With the metered dose inhaler
      alone, a mean (SEM) 8.7 (1.8)% of the dose reached the lungs and 80.9 (1.9)% was
      deposited in the oropharynx. With single puffs from the spacer 20.9 (1.6)% of the
      dose (p less than 0.01) reached the lungs, only 16.5 (2.3)% (p less than 0.01)
      was deposited in the oropharynx, and 55.8 (3.1)% was retained within the spacer
      itself. With four puffs from the spacer 15.2 (1.5)% reached the lungs (p = 0.02
      compared with the metered dose inhaler alone, p less than 0.01 compared with
      single puffs from the spacer), 11.4 (1.2)% was deposited in the oropharynx, and
      67.5 (1.8)% in the device itself. It is concluded that the spacer device gives
      lung deposition of metered dose aerosols comparable to or greater than a
      correctly used inhaler and oropharyngeal deposition is greatly reduced. The
      spacer should be used preferably for the inhalation of single puffs of aerosol
      but may also be used for the inhalation of up to four puffs actuated in rapid
      succession and then inhaled simultaneously.

PMID- 6440306
TI  - Rifampicin induced light chain proteinuria and renal failure.

PMID- 6440307
TI  - Platelet factor 4 does not promote von Willebrand factor binding to human
      platelets.
AB  - Ristocetin, protamine and Polybrene promote factor VIII:vWF binding and
      agglutination of formalinized platelets. It has been suggested that these
      polycations neutralize platelet negative surface charges and promote the
      attachment of VIII:vWF to platelets. Platelet factor 4 (PF4), protamine, and
      Polybrene inhibit heparin activity by neutralizing heparin negative charges. We
      tested the hypothesis that PF4, which is bound to the platelet surface after
      platelet activation and secretion, could promote the binding of VIII:vWF and
      subsequent platelet agglutination. Purified PF4 in concentrations comparable to
      those of ristocetin did not agglutinate formalinized platelets or induce the
      disappearance of VIII:vWF from the suspending plasma. Platelets were thrombin
      treated in order to induce the release of PF4, and then formalinized and
      resuspended in normal plasma. These platelets did not agglutinate spontaneously,
      or at lower ristocetin concentrations than platelets that were not treated with
      thrombin before formalin fixation. Platelets were also activated by thrombin in
      the presence of EDTA to prevent surface binding of VIII:vWF or secreted PF4, and
      then formalinized. These platelets did not bind VIII:vWF in the presence of
      purified PF4. We conclude that even though PF4 binds to both polyanions and the
      platelet membrane, it does not promote the attachment of VIII:vWF.

PMID- 6440308
TI  - Discontinuous expression of a membrane antigen (HB-7) during B lymphocyte
      differentiation.
AB  - We have examined the expression of a cell surface antigen by B lineage cells in
      human fetuses, newborns and adults using a newly produced monoclonal antibody, HB
      7. The HB-7 antigen was found to be a protease sensitive 45,000 MW molecule that
      appeared to be the same molecule recognized by the OKT-10 antibody. The HB-7
      reactive molecule was expressed by all fetal pre-B and B cells, and 50% of
      newborn blood and adult bone marrow B cells. In contrast, only a small minority
      of B cells (2-12%) from blood, spleen and tonsil of adults were weakly HB-7+. The
      pokeweed mitogen-responsive B cell precursors of plasma cells were also HB-7-,
      but the HB-7 antigen was re-expressed during the plasma cell stage. We conclude
      that this antigen is unique among known B cell differentiation antigens in its
      intermittent pattern of expression during B cell development. The reactivity of
      the HB-7 antibody with immature, but not mature, B cells makes it well suited for
      studies of B cell ontogeny.

PMID- 6440309
TI  - Morphological changes in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense following inhibition of
      polyamine biosynthesis in vivo.
AB  - The effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment on the morphology of
      African trypanosomes was investigated. For this purpose inbred mice were
      immunosuppressed and infected with a clone of the protozoan blood parasite
      Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The mice were then treated with DFMO, an
      irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, which inhibits polyamine
      synthesis. DFMO treatment in the absence of host immunity resulted in arrest of
      cytokinesis of the trypanosomes and many binucleated cells could be seen in blood
      smears. If mice were infected with a highly virulent trypanosome clone (ETat
      1.10), which does not normally transform from long slender (LS) to short stumpy
      (SS) forms, DFMO treatment caused SS transformation to occur on days 3-4. This
      morphological SS transformation was substantiated by the presence of diaphorase
      activity and nuclear and mitochondrial changes. The results suggest a possible
      involvement of polyamines in the transformation from LS to SS forms.

PMID- 6440310
TI  - IgG heavy-chain (Gm) allotypes and HLA-antigens in insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus in Korea.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and seventy
      two unrelated normal controls in Korea were studied for Gm allotypes and HLA
      antigens. Ten Gm phenotypes were found among the Korean population. The phenotype
      frequencies of Gm axg (1,2,21), Gm ag (1,21), Gm agb0b3b5st (1,21,
      11,13,10,15,16) and Gm agfb0b1b3b4b5 (1,21,3,11,5,13,14,10) were higher than the
      other Gm allotypes, but there was no significant difference between patients and
      controls. HLA-BW54 was found in 15% of patients who had any of those Gm allotypes
      (Gm axg, Gm agb0b3b5st, Gm ab0b3b5st). However there was no significant
      difference in frequency as compared with controls.

PMID- 6440311
TI  - The prevalence of complications in Korean diabetic subjects.

PMID- 6440312
TI  - Serum lipids and postheparin plasma lipase activity in Japanese children with
      ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Using a selective immunochemical method, the activities of postheparin plasma
      lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) were measured in
      7 children with newly diagnosed IDDM, 39 on a conventional subcutaneous insulin
      regimen (CSC), and 11 children receiving continuous subcutaneous infusion of
      insulin (CSII). The newly diagnosed untreated patients frequently had
      hypertriglyceridemia and a decreased serum HDL-cholesterol level, while they
      showed a mild, but not significant increase of the serum total cholesterol level.
      The insulin-treated patients (both on CSC and on CSII) had serum lipid levels
      similar to those in controls. LPL activity was decreased in untreated patients,
      and insulin treatment resulted in an increase in the LPL activity with a
      concomitant normalization of serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels. In
      contrast to the patients on CSII who had normal LPL activity, patients on CSC had
      an increased LPL activity. This may have been due to peripheral hyperinsulinemia.
      HTGL activity did not show any increase during the time of improved diabetic
      control. In conclusion; (1) serum lipid levels were normal both in the patients
      on CSC and CSII. (2) LPL activity was normal on CSII, but was increased on CSC
      and decreased in untreated patients.

PMID- 6440313
TI  - Comparison of gliclazide and glibenclamide treatment in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes.
AB  - Gliclazide has been reported to decrease platelet function and to inhibit the
      progression of diabetic retinopathy in addition to having a hypoglycemic effect.
      To confirm these effects we performed a double-blind randomized study using
      glibenclamide as a reference drug. Thirty-eight hospitals from eight university
      groups in Japan performed the study on type II diabetic subjects. Evaluation of
      blood glucose control, platelet adhesiveness, platelet aggregation and blood
      lipids over 24 weeks were assessed by the central committee. Two hundred and
      eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Twelve were excluded and 277
      were statistically analysed. Homogeneity between the two diabetic groups was
      demonstrated for background factors. Forty mg of gliclazide was comparable to 2.5
      mg of glibenclamide in the potency of hypoglycemic efficacy. Funduscopic
      aggravations were observed in a statistically smaller number of cases in the
      gliclazide group than in the glibenclamide group and in evaluation of serum
      lipids, the gliclazide group was also superior to the glibenclamide group. No
      significant difference between the two groups was found in platelet adhesiveness
      and aggregation. Gliclazide is a useful drug in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6440314
TI  - Preventive and therapeutic effects of gliclazide on diabetic retinopathy:
      comparison with glibenclamide treatment.
AB  - The effects of long-term treatment with gliclazide on diabetic retinopathy and
      platelet adhesion were investigated. The subjects comprised 25 patients with
      NIDDM, of which 12 cases and 13 cases were treated with gliclazide and
      glibenclamide respectively. An improvement in retinopathy was observed in 7 out
      of 12 cases in the gliclazide-treated group. Of the remaining 5 cases, four cases
      remained unchanged and one deteriorated. Of the 13 cases treated with
      glibenclamide, on the other hand, only two cases showed an improvement in
      retinopathy after treatment, 7 cases remained unchanged and 4 cases deteriorated.
      The values for the platelet adhesion test following 3 years treatment were 52 +/-
      14% and 42 +/- 17% in the gliclazide and the glibenclamide-treated groups
      respectively. These results were not statistically significant. These data
      indicate that gliclazide might be more effective than glibenclamide with respect
      to either improving diabetic retinopathy or preventing its progression.

PMID- 6440315
TI  - Effects of immunosuppressive acidic protein on DMBA-induced pancreatic cancer in
      rats.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) on the
      formation of pancreatic carcinoma, rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were
      embedded with 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene (DMBA) in the pancreas with and
      without administration of IAP. In these animals, the growth of pancreatic cancer
      was studied both immunologically and histologically. Tumor was induced in 51
      animals (85%) of 60 treated with embedding of 1 mg DMBA alone. Tumors began to
      appear from the 16th week after the embedding. Among animals in which tumor was
      induced, tubular adenocarcinoma and pleomorphic carcinoma accounted for 55% of
      the cases. When administration of IAP was combined, the period required for
      development of tumor was shortened. It became shorter with increases in the
      dosage and frequency of administration of IAP. In animals which received IAP in a
      mean dose of 75 mg/kg the area showing cancerous changes appeared as early as at
      the 8th week after the embedding of DMBA. A significant increase in the volume of
      tumors was seen in the group treated with IAP as compared to the group not
      treated with IAP. Animals which received IAP in increasing doses and frequencies
      showed an accelerated increase in the volume of the tumors which underwent
      cancerous changes. IAP was eliminated from the serum of rats within 72 hr after
      the administration, and acid protein was clearly recovered from the serum when
      tumors proliferated. These findings indicate that the acceleration of
      carcinogenesis in DMBA-induced pancreatic carcinoma may be attributable to the
      immunosuppressive effect of IAP administered and tend to be dependent on the
      dosage and frequency of its administration in the early phase of tumor induction.

PMID- 6440316
TI  - Extraction of fibronectin from human normal and cirrhotic livers.
AB  - Tissue-associated fibronectin was extracted with 4 M urea from human normal and
      cirrhotic livers. The results of rocket immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the
      amount of fibronectin in cirrhotic liver was twice as much as that in normal
      liver. The collagen content was much higher in cirrhotic than in normal livers.
      These data suggested an important role of fibronectin in tissue fibrosis.

PMID- 6440317
TI  - Managing for competitive advantage in price-driven markets.

PMID- 6440318
TI  - The present status of neutron therapy.

PMID- 6440319
TI  - [The prophylaxis assistant--education and evaluation].

PMID- 6440320
TI  - Mobile dental equipment. Problem area about dentists making "house calls".

PMID- 6440321
TI  - Clinical implications of serum protein binding in epileptic children during
      sodium valproate maintenance therapy.
AB  - Steady-state serum levels of total and unbound valproic acid as well as unbound
      fraction in epileptic children were studied in a clinical setting. Valproic acid
      binding parameters were analyzed and compared with in vitro findings. Daily dose
      of sodium valproate ranging from 29 to 73 mg/kg/day were administered per os.
      Considerable variation in total and unbound concentrations and unbound fractions
      within and between subjects was observed. In subjects evaluated in this study,
      serum level of total and unbound valproic acid ranged from 279 to 1,196 mumol/L
      and from 37 to 410 mumol/L, respectively. The unbound fraction ranged from 10.32
      to 48.39%. In vivo binding parameters obtained from clinical material were as
      follows: association constant, Ka = 4.984 L/mmol; total binding sites, NP = 1.451
      mmol/L, where P is the molar concentration of albumin; number of binding sites
      per molecule of albumin, N = 2.48. Using spiked sera, binding parameters of Ka =
      8.032 L/mmol, NP = 1.262 mmol/L, and N = 1.86 were found in the in vitro study.
      The association constant obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies were not
      significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from each other. The unbound
      fraction of valproic acid was concentration dependent even within the therapeutic
      range. An equation for estimating unbound concentration (Cf') or unbound fraction
      (fp') from total concentration (Ct) of valproic acid is derived. The ratio of
      observed unbound fraction to the estimated unbound fraction (fp/fp') was used to
      evaluate the variation in valproate serum binding of that clinical sample. Nine
      samples from hospitalized patients whose medication and diet were closely
      supervised showed an fp/fp' ratio very close to 1 (mean +/- SD 1.04 +/- 0.24). It
      is suggested that a clinical sample showing a value of fp/fp' greater than 1.76
      (mean + 3 SD) should be evaluated for the cause of the decrease in serum binding
      and for the associated pharmacokinetic alterations. Therefore, in clinical
      monitoring of valproate, determination of both total and unbound drug levels was
      preferable to determination of either one alone. Furthermore, an understanding of
      the unbound fraction of valproic acid would significantly contribute to the
      effective management of epileptic patients.

PMID- 6440322
TI  - [Glycogen distribution in rat hepatocyte populations after a single exposure to 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzine and subsequent injections of phenobarbital].
AB  - 7 day after a single interperitoneal injection of carcinogen 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzen (DAB), a little number of cells with high glycogen
      contents was found in parallel with a decreased glycogen content in most isolated
      hepatocytes. 1.5 months after DAB injection, the normal distribution of glycogen
      content was seen restored in hepatocytes. The treatment of rats with
      phenobarbital (6 PhB injections 7 days after DAB application) blocked the
      restoration of the normal glycogen distribution. 2 months after the last PhB
      injection (3 months after DAB injection) an increased glycogen content was found
      in the smallest hepatocytes.

PMID- 6440323
TI  - Determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in high prevalence groups: a
      comparative study among Nigerian adults.
AB  - In populations where both tuberculosis and strong sensitization to nontuberculous
      mycobacteria are common, determining the proportion infected with M. tuberculosis
      is difficult. We skin tested 488 unvaccinated young Nigerian workers, typical of
      tropical populations having high prevalences of tuberculosis, with 4 low-dose
      Mantoux tests (PPD-RT-23, PPD-Tuberculin, PPD-Battey, and PPD-Gause) and with
      concentrated (2 mg/ml) PPD by the Heaf multiple-puncture method. Reactions
      (greater than or equal to 2 mm) to all 4 Mantoux sensitins (elicitins)
      unexpectedly were normal in distribution; however, the midpoint values (13 mm) of
      the RT-23 and PPD-T distributions were lower than the midpoints typically seen in
      groups of tuberculosis patients. Established methods for estimating the
      proportion tuberculous-infected (cutting point, dual-test, and curve
      reconstruction) yielded a wide range, 32%-62%. Combining the 3 methods provided
      consistent estimates near 50%, despite interference due to strong sensitivity to
      PPD-B and especially to PPD-G in 80%-90%. PPD-T correlated well with RT-23 (r =
      .84), yet more closely resembled published PPD-S reaction distributions than did
      RT-23. All diagnostic-accuracy measures for the Heaf test, considering only
      grades 3 and 4 positive, exceeded 80%.

PMID- 6440324
TI  - Skin-test sensitisation by tubercle bacilli and by other mycobacteria in
      Ethiopian school-children.
AB  - Quadruple skin-testing with a range of 22 new tuberculins and PPD-RT23 was
      carried out on 665 school-children without BCG scars and 666 with BCG scars, in
      and around the towns of Butajira and Hosana in Shoa district of Ethiopia. Marked
      differences in patterns of sensitisation were distinguished between the 5 schools
      visited. In general, Mycobacterium chitae, M. diernhoferi, M. kansasii and M.
      vaccae were common sensitising agents in all schools, M. avium subspecies
      brunense, M. gilvum, M. rhodesiae and M. xenopi were absent, and the remaining
      species investigated were variably present between the schools. Contact with M.
      tuberculosis and M. leprae appeared greatest in Hosana and the possibility of
      sensitisation by M. ulcerans around the village of Enseno was discovered. The
      data also provided indirect evidence of the value of BCG in Shoa district. An
      interesting observation was the very variable enhancing effect that BCG
      vaccination had on sensitisation to individual fast growing species.

PMID- 6440325
TI  - A study of the relationship between the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) and to thiophen-2-carboxylic acid
      hydrazide.
AB  - Thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (TCH) is used to distinguish TCH-sensitive
      bovine, 'Asian human' and 'African' strains from TCH-resistant 'classical' human
      strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been claimed that this test cannot
      be applied to isoniazid-resistant strains as these also become resistant to TCH.
      Although such cross-resistant mutants were readily isolated in vitro, a study of
      the incidence of TCH resistance in a large series of INH-sensitive and -resistant
      strains isolated from patients indicated that the emergence of this type of
      mutant is the exception rather than the rule in vivo. Thus, the use of TCH for
      subdividing the species M. tuberculosis remains valid for epidemiological
      purposes, irrespective of the occurrence of isoniazid resistance.

PMID- 6440326
TI  - Amyloid neuropathy: relationship between amyloid fibrils and macrophages.
AB  - A case of amyloid neuropathy associated with a multiple myeloma IgG light chain
      is reported. Under light microscopy the peripheral nerve exhibited several
      amyloid deposits. Electron microscopy revealed numerous amyloid deposits; at
      their periphery, macrophagic histiocytes were observed, containing a few tufts of
      parallel fibrils in their cytoplasm. A few plasma cells were scattered in the
      endoneurium and did not exhibit such a relationship. These findings resemble
      those recently observed in stem-cell cultures of IgG lambda chain human myeloma.

PMID- 6440327
TI  - [Treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with DMARD (disease modifying
      anti-rheumatic drugs)].

PMID- 6440328
TI  - [Fertile women and valproate. Reactions to information about the possible
      teratogenic effect].

PMID- 6440329
TI  - [Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica].

PMID- 6440330
TI  - [Chagas' disease as a possible diagnosis in Denmark. An example of the use of
      xenodiagnosis].

PMID- 6440331
TI  - [A clinical trial of a new Danish VIII preparation (intermediate purity type)].

PMID- 6440332
TI  - [Para-articular ossification after total hip alloplasty].

PMID- 6440333
TI  - [Relations between spermatozoa density of germ cells of the testis and hormone
      analyses (especially FSH) in patients with oligozoospermia)].
AB  - The study concerns 84 patients with oligozoospermia between 0.3-20.0 mill.
      spermatozoa/ml. 20 patients with an obstructive azoospermia served as a
      collective control. From all patients a testicular biopsy from each testis was
      conducted. Semithin sections of the testicular tissue were made and the different
      germ cells in the seminiferous tubules were counted. Furthermore the values of
      FSH, LH and testosterone in the plasma of every patient were determined. There
      was a significant correlation between sperm count and FSH (r = -0.30, P less than
      0.01), n = 84) as well as LH (r = -0.24, P less than 0.05, n = 84). Also the
      correlations between the counted germ cells and FSH were significant (P less than
      0.01). The closest correlation existed between the spermatogonia A pale + A dark
      and FSH (r = -0.59, n = 104). But there was no biological significance, since the
      coefficient of these correlations are not close enough to -1.0. Therefore it is
      concluded, that the parameters of FSH and LH are not absolutely reliable for
      judging the spermatogenesis in patients with oligozoospermia.

PMID- 6440334
TI  - [Energy losses during therapeutic drainage of the thoracic duct].
AB  - On the basis of examination of 50 patients in the process of external drainage of
      the thoracic lymphatic duct for detoxication the authors have established that
      energy losses are dependent on the day volume of the lymph obtained and its
      biochemical composition. The adequate parenteral nutrition results in decreased
      energy losses with lymph. Extracorporal lymphosorption is thought to be
      promising.

PMID- 6440335
TI  - Congenital ocular disease in the foal.

PMID- 6440336
TI  - Congenital ocular defects in food-producing animals.
AB  - Congenital ocular defects in neonates pose a diagnostic challenge to
      veterinarians. Defects are usually obvious at birth, but detection depends on the
      nature and extent of the defect. In addition to congenital ocular defects, other
      abnormalities may be manifest including multiple system involvement with
      embryonic mortality, fetal death, mummification, abortion, dysmaturity, premature
      birth, full-term stillbirth, or nonviable or viable neonate. Many defective
      neonates are not reported or escape monitoring systems. Although congenital
      ocular defects are rare, they are important and should be diagnosed. All
      congenital defects should be regarded as genetic until proven otherwise. Many
      ocular defects are inherited as simple autosomal recessive traits. Polygenic
      inheritance appears to be of increasing importance.

PMID- 6440337
TI  - Porcine ophthalmology.

PMID- 6440338
TI  - Advances in feline ophthalmology.

PMID- 6440339
TI  - [Relation of the count of somatic cells in tank samples to the incidence of
      contagious mastitis on large farms].
AB  - The relation between the prevalence of contagious mastitis with the finding of
      Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and the number of somatic
      cells in the tank samples of milk was studied on the basis of a clinical and
      bacteriological examination of 11 129 daily cows on four large farms, with a
      capacity of 600 to 1240 animals. A statistically significant correlation was
      demonstrated between the analyzed characteristics (r = 0.621). The relation was
      demonstrated at a prevalence up to 25.3%. The number of somatic cells provides a
      marked indication of prevalence only from 10%. We failed to demonstrate a
      statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of mastitis with a
      cultivation finding of Staphylococcus aureus and the number of somatic cells in
      tank samples of milk (r = 0.054). The results suggest that on large farms it will
      not be possible to use only the number of somatic cells in tank milk samples as a
      signal of diagnostic improvement and preventive mastitis-control measures, since
      a 10% prevalence of these diseases usually excludes the possibility of herd
      sanitation.

PMID- 6440340
TI  - [Changes in the acid-base index of blood in dairy cows in relation to the
      seasonal composition of feed rations and phases of the reproductive cycle].
AB  - The changes in the acid-base indices of the blood of dairy cows in different
      stages of reproduction cycle were studied in relation to the composition of feed
      ration in the autumn, winter, spring and summer feeding seasons. The cows were in
      the following stages of their reproduction cycle: Group I the fourth to sixth
      month of gravidity, II eighth to ninth month of gravidity, III one to two months
      after calving. The seasonal composition of feed ration was demonstrated to exert
      a significant influence on the acid-base balance of the blood of cows in the
      studied stages of reproduction. A considerable occurrence of metabolic acidoses
      with different levels of compensation was observed when the cows were given the
      autumn and winter feed rations. Subclinical acid-base disorders of different
      directions (metabolic and respiratory alkaloses, acidoses) frequently occurred in
      the green feeding season. The frequency of acid-base disorders as a result of
      incorrect nutrition was found to be the highest in highly pregnant cows (group
      II) and in those one to two months after parturition (group III), i. e. in the
      periods with a significant influence on the reproduction process. On the whole,
      the best situation as to the acid-base balance was found in cows in the fourth to
      sixth month of their gravidity, irrespective of the seasonal effect of feed
      ration.

PMID- 6440341
TI  - [The level of total amino acids in cow's milk and its relation to milk
      production].

PMID- 6440342
TI  - [Conception in gilts and sows during the year in relation to selected parameters
      of macroclimate].

PMID- 6440343
TI  - [The effect of hormonal preparations on superovulation and egg transport in
      ewes].
AB  - The relation between the prevalence of contagious mastitis with the finding of
      Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and the number of somatic
      cells in the tank samples of milk was studied on the basis of a clinical and
      bacteriological examination of 11 129 dairy cows on four large farms, with a
      capacity of 600 to 1240 animals. A statistically significant correlation was
      demonstrated between the analyzed characteristics (r = 0.621). The relation was
      demonstrated at a prevalence up to 25.3%. The number of somatic cells provides a
      marked indication of prevalence only from 10%. We failed to demonstrate a
      statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of mastitis with a
      cultivation finding significant correlation between the prevalence of mastitis
      with a cultivation finding of Staphylococcus aureus and the number of somatic
      cells in tank samples of milk (r = 0.054). The results suggest that on large
      farms it will not be possible to use only the number of somatic cells in tank
      milk samples as a signal of diagnostic improvement and preventive mastitis
      control measures, since a 10% prevalence of these diseases usually excludes the
      possibility of herd sanitation.

PMID- 6440344
TI  - [Incidence of coccidia in dogs in Brno and the surrounding area].
AB  - In the course of two years, 663 dogs from Brno and its vicinity were subjected to
      clinical and parasitological examination with a special reference to the
      occurrence of coccidia. A saturated sugar solution with the specific weight of
      1150 was used as the flotation medium. Coccidia were found in 2.17% of the dogs
      examined. The oocysts of the groups Isospora ohioensis, I. burowsi and I.
      neorivolta were identified most frequently (2.11% of the dogs). Four dogs
      (0.60%), all alike, eliminated the oocysts of Hammondia heydorni and sporocysts
      of Sarcocystis species, and two dogs oocysts of Hammondia heydorni and sporocysts
      of Sarcocystis species, and two dogs (0.30%) excreted oocysts of I. canis. Out of
      the animals infected, 58% were younger than six months. Clinical signs were
      observed only at a medium to strong invasion with oocysts of the species I.
      ohioensis, I. burowsi and I. neorivolta. The digestive tract was affected most
      severely--the animals suffered from bloodless diarrhoeas lasting two to twelve
      days, from occasional vomiting and systemic dehydration. Invasion by I. canis,
      Hammondia heydorni and Sarcoystis sp. did not cause any clinical changes.

PMID- 6440345
TI  - [The effect of high fat intake in rats of different age categories on protein
      utilization].
AB  - Male rats of the Wistar strain, age 30, 75, 90 and 150 days, were given high-fat
      feeds (45%, 36.5%, 33% and 30%) ad libitum for 14 days. The net protein ratio
      (NPR), net protein utilization (NPU), and liver protein utilization (LPU) of the
      biological value of proteins were determined in comparison with diets considered
      as optimum for each age category. The specific activity of phosphoenol-pyruvate
      carboxykinase PEPCK (E.C..4.1.1.32) was measured in the liver of the animals. As
      demonstrated by the significantly reduced parameters of the biological value of
      proteins and the activated process of gluconeogenesis, a high intake of fats
      adversely affected the utilization of proteins in the organisms of 75 to 90 days
      old animals. The decrease in the NPR and NPU of the weanlings is insignificant;
      the increase in PEPCK is at the level of significance, which testifies to a good
      tolerance to the intake of fats by the animals after weaning, with respect to a
      similar composition of mothers' milk. In the animals with the slower growth and
      higher protein requirement for the maintenance of the organism (150 days old
      rats) the reduction of protein utilization and the increase in PEPCK activity as
      a result of a high fat intake are not so significant as in animals old 75 and 90
      days. As suggested by the results, it is necessary to state another length of
      high-fat administration than 14 days.

PMID- 6440346
TI  - Ectopic lacrimal gland tissue in the globe of a cow.

PMID- 6440347
TI  - Morphology of Sarcocystis gigantea in experimentally-infected sheep.
AB  - The development of the parasite and lesions was studied in 32 sheep killed 10
      days to 47 months after inoculation with Sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts from
      cats. At 21-42 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.), there was a mild encephalitis, but
      organisms were not seen in the brain. Immature sarcocysts were detected from 40
      84 d.p.i. The cyst wall was not measurable by light microscopy at 40 d.p.i., but
      was 1.5-2 microns thick at 84 d.p.i. At 119 d.p.i. both immature cysts containing
      only metrocytes, and mature cysts containing both metrocytes and merozoites, were
      present. These mature cysts did not have a secondary cyst wall. A mature cyst,
      350 microns in length, was found in a sheep killed at 8 1/2 months p.i. At 10
      m.p.i. cysts were up to 0.5 mm long and a secondary cyst wall was present. At 47
      m.p.i. cysts were 2-5 X 4.5-7.5 mm, and were found only in the muscles of tongue,
      oesophagus, pharynx and flank.

PMID- 6440348
TI  - Class-specific antibody responses in pigs following immunization and challenge
      with sporocysts of Sarcocystis miescheriana.
AB  - Sixteen pigs were each immunized by oral inoculation with 1000 sporocysts of
      Sarcocystis miescheriana at 8 weeks of age. Four equal groups were then
      challenged with 3 million sporocysts per animal at 40, 80, 120 or 160 days post
      immunization (dpi). Host antibody responses were monitored using the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test
      (IFAT). When using class-specific ELISAs, dramatic increases in specific IgM
      antibodies were observed at 21 dpi and increasing levels of IgG-antibodies were
      detected at 34 dpi. IgM-antibody titres dropped relatively quickly to
      insignificant levels, whereas IgG-antibody titres persisted at high levels until
      the end of the experiment. Following challenge, elevated levels of IgM-antibodies
      were detected, whereas IgG-antibody titres remained unchanged. The dynamics of
      the antibody titres detected by the IgG-IFAT closely corresponded to those
      detected by the IgG-ELISA. Despite the presence of specific antibodies at the
      time of challenge and the continued production of IgM-antibodies after challenge,
      the protective immunity decreased after 40 dpi and had disappeared by 120 dpi.
      Furthermore, none of the techniques used were suitable for the detection of
      specific antibodies during the early phase of acute sarcocystosis around 12 days
      after challenge.

PMID- 6440349
TI  - Factors affecting the capacity of Theileria annulata sporozoites to invade bovine
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The number of T. annulata sporozoites invading bovine peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBL) under different conditions (in vitro) was determined. Heat
      inactivation of T. annulata sporozoites for 45 min, in a thermostatically
      controlled, shaking water bath preset and stabilised at 60 degrees C resulted in
      an almost total lack of invasion of fresh, normal PBL by the sporozoites,
      indicating that the interiorization process is parasite-effected. The mean number
      of T. annulata sporozoites interiorization (per 1000 lymphocytes) in cultures set
      up using sporozoites and PBL, mixed and incubated at 0 degrees C for 1 h in
      melting ice, was highly significantly reduced (P less than 0.01), indicating the
      invasion of bovine lymphocytes by T. annulata sporozoites is an active process
      dependent on active metabolism which is markedly affected by temperature. Pre
      treatment of PBL with trypsin significantly reduced the number of invading
      sporozoites thus incriminating proteins or glycoproteins as constituents of
      receptors involved in sporozoite-lymphocyte recognition.

PMID- 6440350
TI  - Potentiation of an IgE-like response to Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs
      following Ascaris suum infection.
AB  - Ascaris suum-infected and uninfected pigs were vaccinated with Bordetella
      bronchiseptica bacterin at 8 and 28 days of age. Only the infected pigs gave Type
      I cutaneous hypersensitivity to the bacterin when tested at 80 days of age. Only
      the native sera of infected pigs caused passive cutaneous anaphylaxis 24 h after
      inoculation into guinea pigs. Heating the sera at 56 degrees C for 4 h abolished
      this property. Mice infected with A. suum for 34 days did not react to the
      bacterin. An A. suum infection induces an IgE-like response to B. bronchiseptica
      in pigs that is not explained by cross-reactive antigens. This finding may have
      practical implications for the immunization against atrophic rhinitis of swine.

PMID- 6440351
TI  - Attempts to establish the scrapie agent in cell lines.
AB  - Attempts were made to establish a persistent infection with scrapie agent in four
      murine cell lines. Of the four lines tested, viz. P388D1, P3-NS1-Ag-1 (NS1), L
      cells and an NS1 spleen cell hybrid, only the NS1 cell line showed any evidence
      of agent replication. Ten per cent dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was included in the
      culture media of L cells inoculated with scrapie agent. This treatment raised the
      initial levels of scrapie agent associating with the L cells but did not result
      in a persistently infected cell line. An effect of DMSO in the inoculum was
      observed in mice inoculated intraperitoneally, the incubation period of the
      disease was considerably shortened.

PMID- 6440352
TI  - [Comparison of isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin in patients with angina
      pectoris].

PMID- 6440353
TI  - [Indices of thyroid activity in patients with breast cancer].
AB  - An all-round study established thyroid dysfunction in 51 reproductive,
      climacteric and menopausal patients with primary T2-3 NO-1 MO cancer of the
      breast. Hypothyroidism is attributed to functional derangement of the thyroid and
      disorder development in peripheral metabolism.

PMID- 6440354
TI  - [Effect of protein deficiency and antigenic stimulation on rat liver lysosomes].
AB  - The total and non-sedimentable activities of liver beta-galactosidase, beta
      glucoronidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, aryl sulfatases A and B were
      studied during antigenic stimulation of rats fed balanced and low-protein (5% of
      energy value) diets. Antigenic stimulation of rats fed a balanced diet was found
      to intensify the total activities of all lysosomal enzymes (up to 124-246% of
      control). Meanwhile protein deficiency did not cause any significant reduction in
      immune response and completely removed activation of lysosomal hydrolases.

PMID- 6440355
TI  - [Effect of parenterally administered baker's yeast autolysates on normalization
      of the plasma aminogram in acute hepatitis in the rabbit].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of autolysine--a mixture of amino acids and lowest
      peptides, obtained by autolysis of baker yeast biomass, on the normalization of
      blood plasma and brain tissue aminogram in rabbits with acute hepatitis caused by
      D-galactosamine. 3,6% isoleucine, leucine and valine as well as 0,9% sodium
      chloride served as control. Parenteral administration of autolysine in an amount
      of 4 g conventional protein per kg bw a day entailed a substantial normalization
      of the amino acid spectrum of blood plasma and brain.

PMID- 6440356
TI  - [Intravenous alimentation of rats in renal failure].
AB  - Experiments on nephrectomized rats were made to compare the effect of oral and
      intravenous feeding on the degree of uremia and general status of the body.
      Intravenous feeding which included only essential amino acids as nitrogenous
      component or an insufficiently balanced mixture of essential amino acids and
      several replaceable amino acids (9.5% of energy value) did not produce any
      correcting action on the uremic status. Oral feeding with the diet containing
      casein (9.5% of energy value) was more effective as regards the reduction of
      uremia and maintenance of the general status of the body.

PMID- 6440357
TI  - Early work on the Rh factor including the finding of anti-E.

PMID- 6440358
TI  - [Prediction of the time periods for the cessation of bacterial shedding in newly
      detected pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 6440359
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in the indirect reaction to
      hemagglutination].
AB  - The possibility of using indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) with erythrocyte
      immunoglobulin diagnosticum for detection of CHF virus in the blood of patients
      early after the onset was studied. It was shown that viremia could be detected by
      the IHA test within 2-3 hours provided the blood was collected not later that 8
      days after the onset of the disease. The sensitivity of the test for the
      detection of viremia is as high as that of bioassays. The IHA test may also be
      used for the detection of CHF virus specific antigen in cadaver materials (blood,
      organ suspensions) even in those cases when virus isolation is prevented by
      toxicity of the specimens.

PMID- 6440360
TI  - [Production of gamma interferon and interleukin 2 in mononuclear spleen cells
      stimulated with concanavalin A].
AB  - Relationships between interleukine-2 and interferon production by mononuclear
      cells of mouse spleens stimulated with concanavalin A were studied.

PMID- 6440361
TI  - [Physicochemical characteristics of cyanophages and their components].
AB  - The paper presents the results of the study on the physicochemical properties of
      DNA, polypeptide composition of proteins, as well as features of quaternary
      structure of virions of cyanophages LPP-IA, LPP-3, LPP-3A, A-1, A-2, and N-2
      lysing filamentous and heterocyst cyanobacteria. Such characteristics may be used
      as hierarchially important signs in compiling the classificational scheme of
      cyanophages.

PMID- 6440362
TI  - The impact of DRGs on the physician.

PMID- 6440363
TI  - Chemical dependency. Part II. Intervention and referral: confront chemical
      dependency in our nurse colleagues.

PMID- 6440364
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. A
      prospective study among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a protozoal infection that, in the setting of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is often lethal and unresponsive to
      conventional therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine. In the
      present study, we have prospectively assessed the use of alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in the
      treatment of P carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS who were intolerant or
      unresponsive to conventional drugs. Improvement by both clinical and objective
      criteria was observed in six patients who completed six to eight weeks of DFMO
      therapy. Expansion of these early trials of DFMO is warranted.

PMID- 6440365
TI  - [Mono- or polytherapy of epilepsy?].
AB  - Although anticonvulsant polytherapy has been widely and traditionally used in the
      treatment of epilepsy, there is little evidence of its advantages over
      monotherapy. It does, however, lead to problems of chronic toxicity, drug
      interactions, failure to evaluate individual drugs, and sometimes exacerbation of
      seizures. There are many complications of polytherapy which could be avoided by
      more careful monitoring and supervision of therapy. Studies in new, previously
      untreated referrals suggest that there is considerable potential for monotherapy.
      In the event of failure of optimum monotherapy, the value of polytherapy is not
      yet clear. In chronic patients on polytherapy there may be scope for careful
      rationalization to two or sometimes one drug, with reduction in chronic toxicity
      and sometimes improved seizure control. Reduction of therapy, however, may be
      impossible or hazardous due to withdrawal seizures. Even after successful
      reduction, seizure control is much less satisfactory than in new referrals. It is
      easier to avoid polytherapy than to reduce it. There is a need to define
      carefully the limits of effective anticonvulsant therapy.

PMID- 6440366
TI  - [Contribution of cerebral angiography to the prognosis of juvenile stroke].
AB  - 46 patients (aged 13 to 40 years) suffering from ischaemic cerebrovascular
      disease were investigated by means of complete 4-vessel angiography. 40 of these
      patients were re-examined after a mean follow-up period of 57 months. The aim of
      the study was to investigate possible connections between the angiographic data
      and the clinical condition some years later. In the 37 patients who were not
      subjected to surgical treatment prognosis was not significantly different in
      cases with, and those without stenoses/occlusions in the craniocervical vessels.
      However, patients suffering from severe stenoses/occlusions had a significantly
      worse prognosis than patients with stenoses of a mild degree. The clinical course
      in patients with stenoses/occlusions localized in the vertebro-basilar system was
      significantly more favourable than the course of the disease in patients with
      similar changes in the carotid system. There was a trend towards a worse clinical
      picture at the end of the follow-up period in cases with degenerative alterations
      in the small intracranial arteries. The difference in prognostic value of
      cerebral 4-vessel angiography in cases of stroke in the young, as opposed to the
      findings in older patients is discussed.

PMID- 6440367
TI  - [Results of outpatient clinic care of children with bronchial asthma and chronic
      recurring bronchitis].
AB  - More than 4000 children with chronic and recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases have
      been cared for in the Dresden district, GDR (just under 2 million inhabitants) in
      28 out-patient clinics over the past 7 years. The prevalence of this disease
      group is thus around 1.2%. There was a marked increase in children with bronchial
      asthma from initially 1000 to 1600, corresponding to 26 and 40%, respectively,
      within the disease group. By contrast, there was a continuous decrease in
      children requiring bronchological investigations (24 to 13%). Bronchiectasis was
      also encountered with diminished frequency. One third and one quarter of the
      patients dropped out of care over two three-year periods, respectively. Of these
      70 to 75% were discharged symptom-free. The remaining patients were referred to
      adult out-patient clinics for continued care. Whereas nearly 80% of the
      discharged children with chronic or recurrent bronchitis became symptom-free,
      only 30% of the asthmatics showed this satisfactory result. The analysis of this
      large group of patients confirms the clear-cut success of out-patient clinic
      treatment of children with chronic and recurrent bronchopulmonary disease.

PMID- 6440368
TI  - [Transurethral electroresection with postoperative betatron irradiation in
      bladder cancer: indication and results].
AB  - 100 patients suffering from infiltrating urinary bladder cancer underwent
      transurethral resection followed by external megavolt irradiation (Betatron) are
      presented. The value of irradiation and its role in the actual therapeutic
      concept is discussed. The results of the combined therapy in infiltrative urinary
      bladder cancer using transurethral resection and megavolt irradiation are
      demonstrated according to stage (T2, T3) and histological grading (G2, G3). The 5
      years survival rate amounts around 80%, in deep infiltrating bladder cancer about
      50%. The morbidity of postoperative megavolt therapy was negligible. The results
      are superior to megavolt therapy alone and approach the one achieved by radical
      surgery; in addition the possibility of salvage-cystectomy remains open.

PMID- 6440369
TI  - [Leydig cell function in idiopathic oligozoospermia].
AB  - Repeated blood sampling at 10-minute intervals over a 4-hour period (15.00 until
      19.00) for simultaneous determination of FSH, LH and testosterone was carried out
      in 7 normospermic men and 8 patients presenting with idiopathic oligozoospermia.
      Fluctuations of LH and testosterone were observed within the 4-hour sampling
      period. Only minor alterations of FSH were found. Planimetric assessment of the
      areas under the curves of FSH, LH and testosterone did not show any significant
      difference in FSH. Testosterone was found to be significantly decreased in the
      oligospermic group (p less than 0.025), while LH showed a tendency to be
      increased (p less than 0.1). These results point out that single determinations
      of LH and testosterone do not provide exact information, due to the wide range of
      hormone fluctuation. Serial sampling of the hormones demonstrates Leydig cell
      dysfunction in patients with moderate idiopathic oligozoospermia.

PMID- 6440370
TI  - WHO expert committee on rabies.

PMID- 6440371
TI  - Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.

PMID- 6440372
TI  - Treatment of pancreatic cancer by radiation therapy.

PMID- 6440373
TI  - Chemotherapy of pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6440374
TI  - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica in total parenteral nutrition caused by Crohn
      disease].
AB  - A 26 years old patient was suffering from Morbus Crohn and showed the signs and
      symptoms of an acrodermatitis enteropathica. The beginning of the parenteral
      nutrition preceded the signs of acrodermatitis for 30 days. The serum zinc level
      was normal. After therapy with zinc aspartate the dermatitis healed within one
      week.

PMID- 6440375
TI  - [Bilateral subcutaneous rupture of the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle and
      its differential diagnosis].
AB  - An own singular case of a subcutaneous rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon on
      both sides is added to the few one-sided which have been published. A connection
      between a damage of the tendinous tissue and a minimal injury be discussed. The
      problem of diagnosis is described in this case. In the differential diagnosis the
      tibialis-anterior-syndrome, a pain in the peritenon or insertion are compared.
      Early suture of the torn tendon with appropriate post-operative treatment is the
      treatment of choice.

PMID- 6440376
TI  - Platelets and arachidonic acid metabolism in human and experimental
      hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 6440377
TI  - [Double isotope scintigraphy of neck vessels in stroke patients].

PMID- 6440378
TI  - [Intradermal test with gonococcal allergen in patients with gonorrhea].

PMID- 6440379
TI  - [The genetic similarity of man and the anthropoid apes].

PMID- 6440380
TI  - Early postoperative enteral feeding through a needle catheter jejunostomy.
AB  - The advantages of early postoperative enteral nutrition through a needle catheter
      jejunostomy in 13 operated children (1 day to 14 years) are analysed. They
      presented various surgical or medical diseases. 8 of them had a duodenal atresia
      or stenosis. Their postoperative follow-up was compared with other children
      suffering from the same pathology without early postoperative enteral feeding.
      The simplicity of the realimentation, the absence of septic complications and the
      metabolic advantages of this method prove to be extremely efficient when a
      protein and calorie malnutrition must be avoided and fractionated oral feeding is
      impossible.

PMID- 6440381
TI  - One hundred consecutive central venous catheters in children.
AB  - A prospective study of central venous catheterisation for parenteral treatment
      was carried out. The catheters were used for a variety of purposes, the majority
      for intravenous feeding alone. Three types of catheter were used - fine silastic
      tubing, Vygon Leader Caths and cuffed Hickman and Broviac catheters. The mean
      catheter life was 42 days with a range of 1-400 days. Sixty-two catheters were
      removed prior to completion of treatment. In this series the Hickman catheters
      were remarkably trouble-free.

PMID- 6440382
TI  - Breast carcinoma and surgical treatment. Results from randomized studies.
AB  - Few randomized studies including a sufficient number of patients comparing
      different methods of loco-regional treatment have been performed on operable
      breast carcinoma. This review summarizes the findings after total mastectomy with
      or without lymph-node dissection and/or radiotherapy. There was no difference in
      survival or local recurrence rates between extended radical mastectomy and
      radical mastectomy or mastectomy plus loco-regional radiotherapy. The results
      after radical mastectomy with or without loco-regional radiotherapy are the same
      as after modified radical mastectomy. Simple mastectomy plus loco-regional
      radiotherapy offers the same prospects of survival as modified or radical
      mastectomy with or without loco-regional radiotherapy. In some studies loco
      regional radiotherapy after various forms of total mastectomy reduced loco
      regional recurrences, but did not affect overall survival. Preoperative
      radiotherapy seems to enhance survival prospects after modified radical
      mastectomy, but only time will tell if this effect will be sustained.

PMID- 6440383
TI  - Breast conserving therapy for mammary carcinoma. An experimental procedure or a
      genuine alternative to mastectomy.
AB  - Interest in breast-conserving treatment of mammary carcinoma has increased
      tremendously in recent years, as breast cancer is being detected at an earlier
      stage than previously, especially in regions where screening is practised. In the
      present report it is argued that the breast-conserving procedure is still an
      experimental method which should be performed only within the framework of
      clinically controlled studies. An uncritical use of the method could render its
      improvement difficult and prevent an accurate assessment of its possibilities for
      cure. A short description is given of a recently started Danish multicentric
      study in which the result of breast-conserving therapy, randomly, is weighed
      against the result of mastectomy. The preliminary experience of the method
      obtained in the Odense Centre is submitted. Since 1979 a total of 44 patients
      have had breast-conserving therapy for mammary carcinoma. Their median age was 47
      years, range 30-69 years. About 10% had stage II cancer. So far, local
      recurrences in the breast have not been observed within the follow-up period, 5
      48 months, but one case of axillary recurrence. Metastatic disease has not been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6440384
TI  - Aflatoxin B1 and Crotalaria toxicity in turkey poults.

PMID- 6440385
TI  - Is cardiac muscle a functional syncitium everywhere?

PMID- 6440386
TI  - Drugs recently released in Belgium.

PMID- 6440387
TI  - Restoration of LH pulsatility in patients with prolactinomas after trans
      sphenoidal surgery.
AB  - In hyperprolactinaemic patients with amenorrhoea, pulsatile secretion of LH is
      reported to be infrequent or absent. For further assessment of the effect of
      prolactin (Prl) on LH pulsatility, the serum gonadotrophin concentration was
      determined at 15 min intervals for 180 min in 12 patients with prolactinomas
      before treatment and in 6 patients who showed normalization of the Prl level
      after trans-sphenoidal surgery. Surgical treatment caused a significant reduction
      (P less than 0.05) of the mean (+/- SE) serum Prl level from 519 +/- 152 to 9.2
      +/- 1.4 ng/ml. The mean LH level (7.3 +/- 1.2 mIU/ml) before treatment was
      significantly increased (P less than 0.05) after trans-sphenoidal surgery (12.7
      +/- 2.4 mIU/ml). An LH spike was defined as an LH concentration that exceeded the
      mean LH level over the study period by 2 SD of the intra-assay variation,
      achieving a level of above 10 mIU/ml. LH spikes were observed in 2 of 12 patients
      (16.7%) before treatment, and in 5 of 6 patients (83.3%) after trans-sphenoidal
      surgery, the difference being significant (P less than 0.05). These results
      suggest that hyperprolactinaemia in prolactinoma patients may cause impaired LH
      pulsatile secretion and that this derangement can be reversed by reduction of the
      Prl level by adenomectomy.

PMID- 6440388
TI  - Metergoline as an alternative to bromocriptine in amenorrhoea.
AB  - The results of this study offer further evidence that metergoline is a valuable
      alternative to bromocriptine in the suppression of excessive prolactin secretion.
      Forty-nine hyperprolactinaemic and 44 normoprolactinaemic women with amenorrhoea
      took part in a double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of metergoline 12
      mg/day and bromocriptine 7.5 mg/day in restoring menstruation and ovulation. All
      the women had normal results on conventional tomography of the sella turcica,
      normal gonadotrophin levels and normal androgen levels. In the
      hyperprolactinaemic group, metergoline and bromocriptine were equally effective,
      with 84 and 75% respectively achieving menstruation, and 76 and 67% respectively
      achieving ovulation, within 4 months. In the normoprolactinaemic group, 47%
      menstruated and 40% ovulated on metergoline, against comparative figures of 36
      and 21% for bromocriptine and 20 and 13% for placebo, but the differences were
      not statistically significant. Side effects were not a major problem.

PMID- 6440389
TI  - Danazol and prolactin status in patients with endometriosis.
AB  - A group of 55 women with endometriosis was studied before and during danazol
      therapy. An unexpectedly high proportion (36%) had a raised serum prolactin level
      before treatment which was reduced after 50 days of danazol (before treatment 783
      +/- 333 mU/l; on danazol 243 +/- 113 mU/l, P less than 0.001). In contrast
      patients with normal serum prolactin levels showed no significant drop on danazol
      therapy. In all patients serum oestradiol was significantly reduced during
      treatment (before treatment 449 +/- 188 pmol/l; on danazol 207 +/- 117 pmol/l, P
      less than 0.001). In one patient with hyperprolactinaemia danazol reduced both
      basal and stimulated prolactin levels, whereas in 5 women with normal prolactin
      levels we could detect no gross alteration in metoclopramide or TRH stimulated
      prolactin levels associated with danazol therapy. The possibility that
      normalisation of raised prolactin levels may be secondary to reduced oestrogens
      and that patients with endometriosis have an increased sensitivity to oestrogen
      induced prolactin secretion is discussed.

PMID- 6440390
TI  - Possible altered dopaminergic modulation of pituitary function in normal
      menstruating women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
AB  - In order to assess whether a possible altered dopamine activity in normal
      menstruating diabetic patients may influence the pituitary hormone secretion we
      have measured the basal serum concentrations of Prl, LH and FSH in 28 patients
      with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 55 normal-menstruating
      women at day 3 to 6 of the menstrual cycle. In addition basal levels of
      oestradiol-17 beta, TSH, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and resin-T3
      uptake (RT3U) were determined in 17 patients with IDDM and in 17 controls. The
      responses of FSH, LH, Prl, GH and TSH to metoclopramide (MTC) administration (10
      mg iv) were studied in 17 patients and 17 controls. In 10 patients with IDDM and
      8 controls the short-term variations in pituitary hormones and blood glucose
      concentration were evaluated. Patients with IDDM had significantly lower basal
      levels of Prl (P less than 0.01) and TSH (P less than 0.05) and significantly (P
      less than 0.05) higher basal levels of GH than normal women. No significant (P
      greater than 0.05) differences were found regarding basal serum concentrations of
      FSH, LH, oestradiol, T4, T3 and RT3U. During the 3 h period the mean coefficient
      of variation of Prl, FSH, LH and GH was not significantly (P greater than 0.05)
      different between diabetic patients and controls. Both groups responded
      significantly (P less than 0.01) in Prl and TSH to MTC but the TSH response was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in patients with IDDM. The Prl response to
      MTC was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different within the two
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440391
TI  - The effects of progesterone on gonadotrophin release in hypogonadal women.
AB  - The effect of progesterone on pulsatile and basal release of gonadotrophins was
      studied in 10 hypogonadal women. The day before progesterone treatment, control
      blood samples were obtained at 15 min intervals between 15.00 and 20.00 h. The
      next day, 50 mg of progesterone was administered im at 06.00 h and blood samples
      again were obtained at 15 min intervals between 15.00 and 20.00 h. Serum
      progesterone levels were 28.4 +/- 4.4 ng/ml at 15.00 h, 24.2 +/- 3.9 ng/ml at
      17.30 h and 20.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) at 20.00 h. Progesterone prolonged
      the interval between LH pulses from 85 +/- 27 to 155 +/- 55 min (mean +/- SD),
      augmented their amplitude 2-fold, and caused average declines in LH and FSH
      concentrations of 27 and 15%, respectively. The results suggest that progesterone
      suppresses the mean levels of LH and FSH concentrations by acting in the brain to
      decrease the pulse frequency of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 6440392
TI  - Growth hormone releasing factor infusion does not sustain elevated GH-levels in
      normal subjects.
AB  - To evaluate the dynamics of GH-secretion after infusion of growth hormone
      releasing factor, human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF1-44)
      was infused over 2 and 5 h at a dosage of 100 micrograms hpGRF1-44/h into 11
      healthy subjects. The infusion was started and terminated with a 50 micrograms
      hpGRF1-44 bolus injection. In 5 subjects 200 micrograms TRH was given 4 h after
      starting the infusion. In addition, 4 healthy subjects received 50 micrograms
      hpGRF1-44 bolus injection every 2 h. GRF, somatostatin, GH, Prl, and TSH were
      measured by radioimmunoassay. The initial 50 micrograms GRF bolus increased GH
      levels in all 11 subjects with a maximum at 30 min (24.1 +/- 5.1 ng/ml +/- SE).
      However, though hpGRF1-44 was continuously infused and GFR-levels remained
      elevated, GH decreased to a minimum 270 min after start of infusion (2.6 +/- 0.6
      ng/ml). The GH-response to the second bolus at the end of the infusion was lower
      compared to the first response (14.6 +/- 3.4 ng/ml after 2 h and 7.6 +/- 2.5
      ng/ml after 5 h). TRH did not lead to a GH-increase during hpGRF1-44 infusion
      though Prl and TSH rose normally. The intermittent bolus injection of 50
      micrograms hpGRF1-44 led to continuously decreasing GH-responses to the same GRF
      dosage (I. bolus: 16.5 +/- 1.6 ng/ml; II. bolus: 4.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml; III. bolus:
      3.4 +/- 0.5 ng/ml). No change in somatostatin levels was observed. These findings
      show that GRF infusion or bolus injection in short intervals does not sustain
      elevated GH-levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440393
TI  - Kinetics of steroid responsiveness to hCG during chronic inhibition of testicular
      function by GnRH analogue.
AB  - The effect of daily injections of D-Ser-(TBU)6-LRH-EA10 (GnRH analogue (GnRH-A)
      100 micrograms sc) on serum testosterone (T), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
      (17OHP) and oestradiol-17 beta (E2) was studied in 4 men. During GnRH-A therapy
      T, 17OHP and E2 were markedly decreased by the end of the second month.
      Continuous long-term administration of GnRh-A inhibited testicular function. To
      test whether the biosynthetic pathway was affected by the regimen, a bolus of
      2000 U hCG was given to each subject after 10 months of therapy. Evaluation of
      the kinetics of steroid responsiveness showed a significant release of T in
      response to the trophic stimulus, with little or no elevation of serum 17OHP and
      E2. The response seen in these treated men appeared similar to that found in
      hypogonadotrophic men and prepubertal boys.

PMID- 6440394
TI  - Pituitary and gonadal function in pubertal and adult male rabbits with
      pseudohermaphroditism secondary to immunization of mothers against testosterone.
AB  - Pituitary and testicular function was studied in pubertal and adult rabbits with
      pseudohermaphroditism secondary to immunization of mothers against testosterone.
      Circulating testosterone, LH and FSH levels showed a developmental pattern during
      sexual maturation, similar to that observed in controls. Plasma FSH levels were
      elevated in male pseudohermaphrodites despite normal plasma testosterone
      concentrations. Fighting, male sexual behaviour and coitus occurred normally as
      in controls. The testicular response to endogenous elevated LH levels and the
      pituitary LH and FSH responses to LRH injection and to castration were similar in
      affected males and in controls. These observations suggest that inhibition of the
      central effects of androgens during the embryonic and perinatal period has little
      or no effect on the differentiation and maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary
      testicular axis in rabbit.

PMID- 6440395
TI  - [Immunoelectron microscopic observation of human myeloma cells--characterization
      of intracellular localization of immunoglobulins in myeloma cells].

PMID- 6440396
TI  - [Identification of megakaryocytes utilizing anti-factor VIII immuno-alkaline
      phosphatase].

PMID- 6440397
TI  - [A case of platelet cyclo-oxygenase deficiency].

PMID- 6440398
TI  - Depakene-induced intravascular hemolysis and pure red cell aplasia.

PMID- 6440399
TI  - Overview of the clinical pharmacokinetics of alfentanil.

PMID- 6440400
TI  - What is new in acid-base balance?

PMID- 6440401
TI  - Alfentanil combinations for induction and general anesthesia.

PMID- 6440402
TI  - Effect of sulpiride on the adenohypophysis of castrated male rats.
      Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural cytomorphometry.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl] )-2-methoxy-5
      sulfamoylbenzamide (sulpiride), a psychotrophic drug of clinical use, is a potent
      antidopaminergic agent, and acts on prolactin and gonadotroph secretions.
      Cytological changes caused by the effects of this drug were studied in castrated
      male rats treated with daily doses of sulpiride 5 mg/100 g body weight. Animals
      were sacrificed 2 months after treatment and their hypophyses processed for
      cytological and immunohistochemical studies. Cytomorphometry was carried out at
      the ultrastructural level. An immunocytochemical study was performed with
      peroxidase-labelled antibody to determine PRL, FSH and LH hormones in gland
      sections. The administration of sulpiride produced a decrease in granules of
      prolactin cells. Only the Golgi region showed a positive prolactin reaction and
      the cytomorphometric study indicated an increase of the area occupied by the
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. In gonadotrophs, treatment with
      sulpiride decreased the vacuolatin caused by castration. The area occupied by the
      endoplasmic reticulum was smaller, whereas that occupied by secretion granules
      and lysosomes became larger. It is suggested that sulpiride treatment increased
      markedly the mammotroph activity and decreased the gonadotroph one, restoring the
      vacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum vacuolation to normal.

PMID- 6440403
TI  - Effects of pituitary grafting and CB-154 treatment on the growth of prostates in
      mice.
AB  - Implantation of a single anterior pituitary into the ventral prostates of intact
      mice induced a significant increase in the weight and the area occupied by the
      glands of ventral prostates associated with the elevation of circulating
      prolactin. However, the growth of the dorsolateral prostates was not augmented by
      the treatment. Injection of CB-154 (bromocriptine-mesilate) during the
      developmental stage of the prostatic tissue (3-5 weeks of age) suppressed the
      weight increase of ventral prostates but not dorsolateral prostates in intact
      mice. All results suggest the different response of the ventral and the
      dorsolateral prostates to prolactin. Pituitary grafting produced hyperplastic
      lesions in the prostates, however, modified little the effects of carcinogen on
      the tissue.

PMID- 6440404
TI  - Effects of dithiobiuret intoxication on motor end plates in sternocostalis and
      hindlimb muscles of female rats.
AB  - Daily dosing with 1-3 mg/kg dithiobiuret for 4-5 days causes progressive,
      generalised muscle weakness which is fatal in about 50% of cases on day 4 or 5.
      Survivors recover mobility by day 7 and appear normal, although still weak.
      Striking changes in the motor nerves and motor end plates can be observed before
      and during the development of this weakness, using the zinc iodide-osmium
      staining technique. The terminal internodes of intramuscular axons become densely
      stained: later this may extend back into the main intramuscular (i.m.) nerves,
      and is often followed by axonal degeneration. Many motor end plates lose their
      branching form and become globular, and profuse terminal sprouting develops
      before any nerve degeneration appears. Following axonal degeneration, collateral
      sprouting becomes prominent, and, within four weeks of beginning the dose regime,
      restores the normal appearance of the innervation. This pattern of response was
      observed clearly in the whole mounts of the sternocostalis muscle: similar but
      less marked changes occurred in the lumbrical muscles, while in the soleus and
      tibialis anterior muscles, loss of end plates seemed to be a more common
      response. Despite marked differences in the severity of the functional
      disability, the i.m. changes were similar in juvenile and adult rats. These
      changes are related to previous electrophysiological findings on the possible
      mechanism of action of dithiobiuret.

PMID- 6440405
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and hypertension in pregnancy.
AB  - Eighteen patients with pre-eclampsia, 10 patients with essential and 9 with
      transient hypertension during pregnancy, were investigated regarding circulating
      immune complexes by a Clq-binding assay and a PEG precipitation assay. The women
      were studied during pregnancy, 2 and 5 days after childbirth, and also 3 and 6
      months afterwards. The frequency of circulating immune complexes was not
      significantly increased in any of the groups when compared with that in 18
      normotensive pregnant control subjects and 19 non-pregnant controls. Thus Clq
      binding and PEG-precipitable immune complexes are a feature neither of normal
      pregnancy, nor of pregnancy complicated by hypertension or pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 6440407
TI  - Caustic burns of the oesophagus among children.

PMID- 6440406
TI  - The effect of estrogen therapy on somatic and psychical symptoms in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - The effect of oral estrogen replacement therapy upon somatic and psychical
      disturbances and sexuality was studied in a double-blind investigation in 48
      postmenopausal women using hormone preparations with two different levels of
      micronized estradiol-17 beta (E2) as active estrogen component. The patients were
      treated for 8 months in four 2-month periods with two preparations containing 1-2
      mg of E2 (TrisekvensR and EstrofemR), with one preparation containing 1-4 mg of
      E2 (TrisekvensR forte) and with a placebo preparation. Investigations performed
      before and during treatment included general clinical chemical analysis, serum
      levels of FSH, LH and E2 and evaluation of the patients' somatic and psychical
      disturbances and sexuality. The patients were classified into three subgroups
      according to their pretreatment scores for mental distress and/or depression:
      severe (group I), moderate (group II), or no (group III) mental distress and/or
      depression. No significant differences between the three subgroups were found in
      pretreatment values from the general clinical chemical analysis or the hormone
      assays. Estrogen treatment significantly reduced S-total cholesterol values in
      all three subgroups; otherwise no significant effects were revealed by the
      general clinical chemical analysis. During the period of optimal wellbeing, serum
      E2 levels corresponded to luteal phase values. The gonadotropin levels, although
      depressed by approx. 50%, were still within the postmenopausal range. There were
      no significant differences between the two subgroups in hormone levels obtained
      during optimal estrogen treatment. Twenty-one patients had the best test results
      when treated with the larger dose (TrisekvensR forte) and 23 with the smaller
      dose (TrisekvensR and EstrofemR) and 4 during placebo treatment.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440408
TI  - Verrucous hyperplasia and verrucous carcinoma of the rat oral mucosa.
      Experimental oral carcinogenesis using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.
AB  - Verrucous hyperplasia and carcinoma are recognized entities in the human
      pathology, but not documented experimentally. During application of the
      carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide to the oral cavity of rats three times a week
      for a maximum of 18 weeks an increasing frequency of verrucous hyperplasias and
      carcinomas were noted. The majority of the carcinomas were localized to the
      palate and 3/4 of these were verrucous carcinomas, with or without anaplastic
      transformation to infiltrating squamous cell carcinomas. The oral verrucous
      lesions have all the histological characteristics of their human counterparts.
      The present experimental study supports the idea that tobacco consumption may
      represent an important etiological factor in the development of human, oral
      verrucous carcinomas.

PMID- 6440409
TI  - Determination and re-examination of genome sizes and base ratios on
      deoxyribonucleic acid from mycobacteria.
AB  - Genome sizes of 22 species of mycobacteria have been calculated. Thirteen of
      these genome sizes are based on results from re-examinations. Base ratios of some
      of the strains have been determined.

PMID- 6440410
TI  - Chemical composition and biological activity of lipopolysaccharides prepared from
      type strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campolybacter coli.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from seven type strains of Campylobacter
      jejuni and one type strain of Campylobacter coli with 45 per cent aqueous phenol.
      The sugar components present in all LPS were glucose, galactose, L-glycero-D
      manno-heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid and glucosamine. All but one LPS
      contained galactosamine, and two strains contained in addition mannose. The fatty
      acids present were 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid and trace
      amounts of n-tetradecanoic acid. The LPS preparations examined showed anti
      complementary effect, and were able to gelatinize Limulus amoebocyte lysate. LPS
      of the C.jejuni strain tested (NCTC 11168) was found to be lethal for mice and to
      produce the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits.

PMID- 6440411
TI  - Induction of aggregation in Streptococcus mitis by certain ions.
AB  - Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 aggregated when suspended in salt solutions
      containing the ions zinc, aluminium, lanthanum and cerium. This aggregation was
      very rapid as compared to spontaneous aggregation occurring in this strain. It
      was not inhibited by alkaline pH. Washed bacteria treated previously with zinc
      sulphate recovered and retained their ability to aggregate spontaneously at a
      slow rate. No such effect was observed with lanthanum-induced aggregation. The
      aggregates caused by lanthanum chloride were stable in sodium chloride up to 5 M
      concentrations. Magnesium sulphate dissociated these aggregates at 250 mM.
      Aggregation induced by zinc sulphate was less stable in these salts. The
      spontaneously aggregated cells were dissociated completely at 10 mM magnesium
      sulphate or 100 mM sodium chloride. Bacteria which had lost their ability to
      aggregate, owing to trypsin or beta-galactosidase treatment, were re-aggregated
      after addition of zinc, lanthanum or aluminium ions. Galactosamine inhibited the
      spontaneous aggregation and aggregation induced by zinc but not the aggregation
      induced by lanthanum or aluminium ions. In conclusion, the results provide a
      molecular model of induced and spontaneous aggregations where the two phenomena
      are qualitatively different.

PMID- 6440412
TI  - Affinity chromatography for purification of antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      and Neisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharides.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were prepared by phenol-water extraction of the
      gonococcal strain 8551 and the group B meningococcal strain 44/76, digested with
      pronase, and purified by ultracentrifugation and Sepharose CL-6B fractionation in
      the presence of 1.5 per cent sodium deoxycholate. On SDS-PAGE with 10 per cent
      acrylamide the purified 125I-labelled LPSs migrated as single, low-molecular
      weight components. The LPSs were coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B for
      affinity purification of antibodies to the common antigenic factor 1 and the sero
      type factor 5 of LPS 8551, and antibodies to LPS 44/76. The antibodies eluted
      showed ELISA activity against wells coated with LPS or whole cells of the
      bacteria, the antibody activity being inhibited by LPS. SDS-PAGE of whole cells
      of the strain 8551 and immunoblotting with the anti-factor 1 or -factor 5
      antibodies resulted in single, broad bands corresponding to the low-molecular
      weight LPS subunits.

PMID- 6440413
TI  - Cleavage of C2 in pathological serum and plasma studied by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - A cleavage product of C2, C2a was demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      in serum and EDTA plasma from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE), patients in the early phase of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
      (AGN), and from two males with congenital deficiency of C1(-) inactivator, one of
      whom had symptoms of hereditary angioedema. C2a was not found in normal serum and
      plasma. C2 was more stable in plasma than in serum with regard to the effects of
      storage in room temperature and of repeated freezing and thawing. C2a
      concentrations were higher in serum than in plasma samples from SLE and AGN
      patients. Expressed in per cent of the total C2 protein, C2a was inversely
      correlated (r = -0.91) with the C2 hemolytic activity in the samples, which
      explains discrepancies between the results of immunochemical and functional
      assays, when used to measure C2 concentrations in disease.

PMID- 6440414
TI  - Detection of proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in immune complexes isolated
      from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients.
AB  - Sera and sputa of 12 cystic fibrosis patients suffering from chronic Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa lung infections were assayed for immune complexes using the Raji cell
      assay. Whereas all sera were negative, 33% of the sputa were positive for immune
      complexes. Sera and sputa of these patients were also assayed for antibodies
      against P.aeruginosa alkaline protease (AP) and elastase (Ela) and sputa for AP
      and Ela, using radioimmunoassays. All patients revealed antibody titers to the
      proteases in serum (1:5-1:1000) and eight patients had antibody titers to the
      proteases in sputum (1:5-1:100); all sputa were negative for AP and Ela. Sputum
      immune complexes and IgG were separated from whole sputum on a Protein A
      Sepharose C1-4B column and treated with 0.75 M 2-mercaptoethanol and
      iodoacetamide after elution. After treatment, 58% of the sputa were positive for
      AP and/or Ela (5-200 ng/ml sputum). The present study shows that proteases of
      P.aeruginosa are bound in immune complexes after the initiation of the immune
      response to these antigens and it yields new insights into the role of these
      proteases in chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6440415
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae--stimulation of lymphocytes obtained from adenoid
      vegetations and blood in children with and without serological evidence of
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
AB  - Thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes obtained from adenoids (AVL) and blood
      (PBL) and stimulated in vitro with Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae antigen, was
      determined in 16 children with serological indication of a current or recent
      M.pneumoniae infection, and in 14 controls. Both AVL and PBL gave higher
      responses in the M.pneumoniae-positive group than in the control group. The best
      discrimination between the two groups was achieved by AVL stimulated by
      M.pneumoniae, AVL did not respond, indicating that in this assay recent or actual
      M.pneumoniae infection is better expressed by AVL than by PBL.

PMID- 6440416
TI  - Different effects of glibenclamide and the structural analogue HB 699 on the
      45Ca2+ uptake by ob/ob-mouse islets.
AB  - The effects on 45Ca2+ uptake of HB 699, an acyl-amino-alkyl benzoic acid
      derivative, was compared to those of glibenclamide in incubations using the La3+
      wash technique. HB 699 enhanced the 45Ca2+ net uptake in a concentration range
      (10-200 microM) where insulin release was also stimulated. Glibenclamide showed
      maximum stimulation of 45Ca2+ net uptake already at 1 microM. HB 699 did not
      clearly stimulate the short-term 45Ca2+ uptake whether or not the islets were
      preincubated with the drug. It is suggested that HB 699-induced insulin release
      is mediated, at least partly, by increased mobility of beta-cell Ca2+.

PMID- 6440417
TI  - The intracarotid 133xenon injection method for measurement of cerebral blood flow
      (CBF) in rats: evaluation of the effect of bolus volume.
AB  - It is assumed that the cerebral microcirculation is not perturbed by the
      intraarterial injection used in determination of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with
      the intraarterial 133Xenon technique (and in various assessments of blood brain
      barrier (BBB) permeability). The application of these techniques to the rat,
      where the injectate is large compared to normal blood flow, places this problem
      is focus and it has been claimed that since large intracarotid injections
      increased cerebral venous outflow, the CBF must also increase. We investigated
      this problem in the rat by means of the intraarterial 133Xenon injection
      technique, using a saline bolus injected in less than 1 sec and found that CBF
      was unaltered at bolus volumes between 10 and 100 microliters. Furthermore,
      injection of 100-200 microliters saline during washout detection did not change
      the slope of the semilogarithmic wash-put curves. It is concluded that in spite
      of large intracarotid injections the CBF remained constant and that the
      hemodilution produced by the saline bolus is not sufficient to influence CBF.
      Consequently, estimations of CBF yield valid results in the present rat
      preparation.

PMID- 6440418
TI  - [Properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with different degrees of resistance to
      chlorhexidine].

PMID- 6440419
TI  - Kidney function and quantitative histological changes in patients on long-term
      lithium therapy.
AB  - Renal function and structure were studied in 57 patients on long-term lithium
      treatment. Nine per cent had a moderate decrease in glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR), 75% had decreased concentrating ability. No correlation between GFR and
      the duration of the lithium treatment was found. Twenty-four renal biopsy
      specimens were studied by light microscopy and compared with kidney biopsies from
      an age-matched control group of patients without arterial hypertension and who
      had never been treated with lithium or neuroleptics, but who suffered from acute
      oliguria or slight proteinuria. The number of sclerotic glomeruli and the focal
      distribution of intestitial fibrosis was significantly increased in the group of
      patients treated with lithium. No difference in the total amount of fibrous
      tissue or the number of atrophic tubules was demonstrated. There was no
      correlation between the duration of lithium treatment and the structural changes.
      The biopsy material originated from patients treated with a single and reduced
      dose regimen only. This regimen might explain the few and slight structural
      changes found, in contrast to other investigations in which patients were treated
      with lithium in divided doses.

PMID- 6440421
TI  - 7th Hungarian Arteriosclerosis Conference. September 26-29, 1984, Kecskemet,
      Hungary. Abstracts.

PMID- 6440420
TI  - Operative cholangiography cost-effectiveness--routine versus selective
      utilization.

PMID- 6440422
TI  - Ultrastructure of hepatocyte nuclei in irradiated, adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - A cytochemical study of hepatocyte nuclei of adrenalectomized and irradiated rats
      were performed. After irradiation alone the behaviour of the ribonucleoprotein
      components was studied according to Bernhard. The findings suggested that a delay
      occurs in the synthesis of preribosomal RNA in the nucleoli and in the transport
      of messenger RNA to the cytoplasm. The indirect effect of ionizing radiation on
      nuclear RNA synthesis is assumed to occur through the influence of cortical
      steroid hormones on the transcription process.

PMID- 6440423
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the synaptic alterations in an experimental epileptic
      model.
AB  - Methionine sulphoximine (MSO) is a potent convulsant agent used in the study of
      experimental epilepsy. The changes of the synaptic endings were examined in the
      rat cerebral and cerebellar cortex, hippocampus and brainstem during MSO provoked
      convulsions. The alterations were analysed by morphometric methods. MSO was
      administered to adult male albino rats intraperitoneally in a dose of 600 mg/kg.
      The animals were sacrificed and tissue samples obtained 3, 6 and 12 hours
      following injection of the drug. Synaptic alteration appeared after the onset of
      epileptic convulsions. After the development of status epilepticus the changes
      became more expressed. A progressive swelling of the perisynaptic astrocyte
      processes could be observed. The synaptic terminals were swollen and the synaptic
      membranes thickened. The number of synaptic vesicles decreased, the vesicles had
      been crushed. The differences between the alterations of S and F type synapses
      are discussed.

PMID- 6440424
TI  - Examination of a spontaneously transformed aortic smooth muscle cell line. I.
      Morphological examinations.
AB  - Spontaneous transformation was observed of a mini-pig aortic smooth muscle cell
      line in its 21st passage in vitro. The transformed cells exhibited changed
      phenotype, heteroploidy and excessive proliferative activity. The initially
      elongated cells developed a polymorphous essentially polygonal appearance. The
      longitudinal filaments characteristic of normal cells disappeared and only finely
      granular double refracting matter was detectable in polarized light. The
      transformed cells exhibited microvilli in both transmission electron microscopic
      and scanning electronmicroscopic preparations. The appearance of spontaneous
      lectin binding in the transformed cells is a sign of altered plasma membrane
      structure. The possible contaminational origin of the transformed cells was
      carefully excluded.

PMID- 6440425
TI  - Morphogenesis of adult pancreas in vitro.
AB  - A procedure is described for maintaining primary culture of adult Syrian golden
      hamster pancreas cells for prolonged periods (14-16 days) on a layer of
      irradiated mouse fibroblast cell line: C3H10T1/2 cells. Morphologically the
      cultures of both exocrine and endocrine cells retained many characteristics of
      the pancreas in vivo. Three types of colonies were identified by light and
      electron microscopy. The Type-1 acinar cells exhibited rapid changes and cell
      selection during the first 5 days in culture. The ductular cells, Type-2
      colonies, developed a stable slow-growing rate of stationary culture. Their
      colonies represented the most differentiated Type of in vitro cells and
      epithelial character, by developing characteristic "dome-formation". The islet
      cells, Type-3 colony maintained also their structural characteristics up to 14-16
      days in culture. This study demonstrated the ability of fibroblastic feeder cells
      to promote the epithelial feature of adult hamster pancreas for prolonged periods
      in vitro.

PMID- 6440426
TI  - The body and processes of the fetal maxilla.
AB  - Development of the maxilla has been studied based on 50 fetal maxillae. The
      morphological findings are supplemented with data of measurements where
      necessary. The frontal surface of the maxilla was examined, and its measurements
      were compared to those of the surrounding structures in fetal life and in adults.
      A detailed analysis deals with the alveolar process, its walls (laminae), the
      topography and measurements of the maxilla and the zygomatic bone, the
      relationship between the frontal process and the nasal bone as well as the
      frontal bone, with special regard to postnatal changes in these relations,
      followed by the morphology of the palatine process and the canine fossa. Some of
      the morphological findings are explained by ontogenetic and phylogenetic factors.

PMID- 6440427
TI  - Fissures, canals and syndesmoses in the fetal maxilla.
AB  - A brief analysis of the apertures, canals and syndesmoses of the maxilla is given
      on the basis of examination of 50 fetal maxillae. Analysis of the macerated and
      dried bone preparations was supplemented with the examination of soft parts in 10
      embryonic and 10 adult skulls. This was necessary partly for detecting the pre
      growth relations and partly for following the completion of growth. Examination
      by means of a binocular magnifying glass was extended to the infraorbital
      foramen; the infraorbital canal and sulcus; the inferior orbital fissure; the
      median and transverse palatine sutures; the foramina of the palatine process; the
      nutritive foramina; the incisive canal; the maxillary and maxilloethmoidal
      sutures. For certain morphological changes occurring in fetal age biological
      explanations have been provided.

PMID- 6440428
TI  - Cells of origin of fibres to the retrochiasmatic area: a horseradish peroxidase
      study.
AB  - The afferent connections of the retrochiasmatic area were examined in the rat
      after microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase. Labelled cells
      were found in amygdaloid nuclei, in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus, in the
      zona incerta and in all hypothalamic nuclei. In the brainstem reactive neurones
      were seen in the caudal part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (A2-C2
      catecholaminergic cell groups), in and adjacent to the lateral reticular nucleus
      (A1-C1 catecholaminergic cell groups), in the nuclei reticularis pontis caudalis,
      pontis oralis, reticularis medullae oblongatae pars dorsalis and nucleus
      reticularis tegmenti pontis. The parabigeminal nucleus also contained a few
      labelled cells. A large number of labelled cells were seen around the superior
      cerebellar peduncle, in the caudal part of the periaqueductal grey and in the
      peripeduncular nucleus. Scattered cells appeared in the brainstem raphe nuclei,
      in the locus coeruleus and in the lateral part of the substantia nigra. Although
      it is not certain that all of these neurones terminate on retrochiasmatic cells,
      the extensive labelling suggests that this brain area is a critical station of
      many ascending and descending pathways. These may potentially affect a variety of
      neuro-endocrine mechanisms via the efferent projections of the retrochiasmatic
      area.

PMID- 6440429
TI  - Progress and problems in hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6440430
TI  - High-frequency ventilation.

PMID- 6440431
TI  - Menarche: the transition from childhood to womanhood.

PMID- 6440432
TI  - Panel discussion. Treatment of CPA pathology.

PMID- 6440433
TI  - Horizons in surgical oncology.
AB  - Future horizons in surgical oncology relate to advances in prevention, diagnosis,
      and treatment of the patient with cancer. New diagnostic modalities may make
      complete surgical staging unnecessary. Perioperative support of patients given
      multimodality treatment will become more critical as the limits of surgical
      resection are reached and combined treatment with radiation and chemotherapy
      become more frequent. The current treatment of cancer at several organ sites
      reflects the evolving approach to treat both local and systemic manifestations of
      the malignancy. Use of intraoperative radiation therapy with electron-beam and/or
      brachytherapy has been proved safe and future prospective trials will determine
      efficacy in local control of disease. Finally, proper reconstruction becomes
      critical as we attempt to rehabilitate cancer patients toward normal function.

PMID- 6440434
TI  - Side-effect 'tolerance' in elderly long-term recipients of benzodiazepine
      hypnotics.
AB  - The outcome of long-term benzodiazepine hypnotic therapy has been investigated in
      a group of elderly patients in the community; 220 receiving nitrazepam and 33
      flurazepam. The estimated duration of therapy was as long as 15 years in some
      cases. More than half were taking doses greater than 5 mg and 15 mg,
      respectively, the majority on a regular nightly basis in accordance with the
      instructions on containers. The plasma concentrations of nitrazepam and the
      active desalkyl metabolite of flurazepam correlated positively with weight
      related dose. In the case of desalkyl-flurazepam, but not nitrazepam, the levels
      were substantially higher than those previously reported in young individuals.
      There was sustained patient satisfaction with the effectiveness of the hypnotics
      and, despite the high plasma levels, little subjective or objective evidence of
      unwanted sedation, confusion or unsteadiness. The findings of the survey suggest
      the development of both pharmacodynamic tolerance to the unwanted sedative
      effects of these drugs and a degree of dependence in long-term recipients.

PMID- 6440435
TI  - First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) by
      chorionic biopsy.
AB  - We investigated the possibility of mucolipidosis type II (ML II) prenatal
      diagnosis by lysosomal enzyme determination on trophoblast biopsy obtained at 10
      weeks of gestation in two pregnancies at risk. Diagnosis of ML II was made in
      both cases on fresh chorionic villi on the basis of depressed beta-galactosidase
      activity, and after abortion, the diagnosis was confirmed on fresh fetal tissues
      and on cells cultured from trophoblast and fetuses. We stress the importance of
      culturing cells from the trophoblast biopsy to ensure a reliable diagnosis.

PMID- 6440436
TI  - Permeability of latex and polyvinyl chloride gloves to 20 antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - Permeability of latex and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves to 20 injectable
      antineoplastic drugs was studied. Four types of gloves were evaluated: latex
      surgical gloves, latex examination gloves, and PVC gloves in two thicknesses.
      Each glove material was exposed to each drug for 90 minutes, and permeation was
      tested using a mutagenicity assay. Individual fingertips of thin PVC gloves and
      latex surgical gloves were tested for permeability at five time points (2-30
      minutes) using a doxorubicin coloration assay. All drugs permeated the thin PVC
      gloves. Latex surgical gloves were definitely permeable to two drugs (carmustine
      and thiotepa) and exhibited borderline permeability to mechlorethamine
      hydrochloride. The thick PVC gloves were definitely permeable to four drugs
      (carmustine, thiotepa, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, and daunorubicin
      hydrochloride) and exhibited borderline permeability to two drugs (doxorubicin
      and mercaptopurine). The latex examination gloves were permeable to carmustine,
      thiotepa, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, and cyclophosphamide. Doxorubicin
      permeation of individual fingertips of thin PVC gloves varied in time and amount.
      Doxorubicin did not permeate the latex surgical glove material, but testing with
      thiotepa showed that individual fingertips of this material also varied in
      permeability. Glove thickness was a major determinant of permeability; latex
      surgical gloves were the least permeable and thin PVC gloves the most permeable
      to the antineoplastic drugs tested. Within individual gloves and glove types,
      time and amount of permeation were not uniform.

PMID- 6440437
TI  - Do antibody-coated bacteria reflect local immune response in the urinary tract?
AB  - We examined whether antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) reflect local immune response
      or passive adsorption of immune globulins (Ig). For this purpose, bacterial
      subcultures from infected urines and third-party bacteria were incubated with Ig
      preparations. These were obtained from infected urine either by removal of Ig
      from ACB (dissociation in alpha-methylmannoside, 0.1 M glycine-HCl, or 3 M NaSCN)
      or by staphylococcal protein A affinity chromatography from the supernatant of
      infected urine. Coincubation of either Ig preparation with bacterial substrains
      of the original urine and with third-party strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Proteus mirabilis, several Escherichia coli strains, enterococci, Serratia
      marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus) caused coating of the
      bacterial surface with Ig. Coating was not measurably influenced by coincubation
      with various carbohydrates or by preincubation of bacteria with glucosidases.
      Adsorption of Ig was observed after heat denaturation and formalin treatment of
      bacteria and was independent of bacterial growth phase. Coating was observed both
      with intact IgG and with F(ab)2 fragments. We further examined the proportion of
      bacteria coated with IgA, IgG, and IgM in urines of 200 bacteriuric women with
      symptomatic urinary tract infection. The frequency histogram plot showed a
      continuous nonlinear unimodal distribution. Consequently, any selection of a
      'normal range' is arbitrary. It is concluded that coating of the bacterial
      surface with Ig may not necessarily reflect local immune response. A major
      problem of the ACB test is definition of the normal range.

PMID- 6440438
TI  - Medical treatment of tinnitus.

PMID- 6440439
TI  - Sudden hearing loss: circulatory.

PMID- 6440440
TI  - Requirement of B lymphocytes in local adoptive transfer of experimental allergic
      orchitis (EAO) by lymph node cells.
AB  - The necessity of T lymphocytes in local adoptive transfer of experimental
      allergic orchitis (EAO) is an established fact. The present study was undertaken
      to elucidate the participation of B lymphocytes in the local transfer system of
      EAO. The capacity of purified lymph node T and B cells to transfer EAO was
      compared. Donor strain 13 guinea pigs were sensitized with testicular antigen and
      complete Freund's adjuvant. We then injected 1 X 10(8) cells just under the
      tunica albuginea of the testis of a syngeneic recipient. The recipients were
      killed 5 days after cell transfer. Nylon-wool nonadherent T cells alone produced
      only minimal lesions, but could induce more severe mononuclear lesions with the
      addition of syngeneic, normal macrophages. In contrast, B-cell enriched
      populations either alone or combined with a small number of macrophages, were
      able to transfer extensive lesions. In the combined transfer of immune T and
      immune B cells the severity of transferred lesions was dependent upon the number
      of B cells. These results suggest that cooperative interactions among T cells, B
      cells, and macrophages are involved in the generation of transferred testicular
      lesions, with emphasis on the participation of B cells.

PMID- 6440441
TI  - [Folic acid and pregnancy].

PMID- 6440442
TI  - Supportive care for children with cancer. Guidelines of the Childrens Cancer
      Study Group. The use of nutritional therapy.
AB  - Nutritional support for children with cancer is predicated on the belief that
      optimal nutrition promotes tolerance of anti-neoplastic therapy and preserves
      immunologic responsiveness. The use of nutritional support is based on the
      assumption that there is effective therapy for the primary disease and that there
      will be a predictable period of nutritional stress. The most common nutritional
      problem is posed by the failure of sick children willingly to eat enough to
      maintain nutritional homeostasis. Supplementation of oral intake with a
      nutritional formula given by a small-bore nasogastric tube is simple, effective,
      and economical. If the sum of oral and tolerated nasogastric tube feedings is
      less than that required for optimal nutrition, unmet needs may be satisfied by
      nutrients given into a peripheral vein. Total parenteral nutrition, given by
      central vein, is reserved for situations in which the combination of enteral and
      peripheral venous alimentation is inadequate.

PMID- 6440443
TI  - Radiotherapy of a pseudotumor in a hemophiliac with Factor VIII inhibitor.
AB  - An 11-year-old hemophiliac with a high level of Factor VIII inhibitor (50
      Bethesda units) developed a pseudotumor of the mandible. Treatment with Factor IX
      concentrates was unsuccessful. Since surgical management was contraindicated, the
      patient was given 600 rad to the mandibular lesion, which resulted in complete
      recovery. The authors stress that radiotherapy may be successful in pseudotumor
      when surgery is contraindicated.

PMID- 6440444
TI  - [Significance of oxygen hyperventilation in bronchofiberscopy in intensive
      medicine].
AB  - In 25 patients (group I = 15 patients, group II = 10 patients) we examined the
      influence of bronchoscopic aspiration on lung function. PaO2 and PaCO2 were
      measured before, during, and after bronchoscopic aspiration. In all cases the
      insertion of the bronchofiberscope was performed by means of a transnasal tube.
      In 15 patients of Group I an increase in PaO2 followed, and because of this we
      could reduce FiO2 after bronchoscopic examination. The 10 patients of Group II
      were hyperventilated before and during the examination (AMV = 150 ml/kg body
      weight, FiO2 = 1.0). Hyperventilation increased in 10 patients the PaO2 from 53
      (43-121) mmHg to 112 (96-225) mmHg. During bronchoscopy PaO2 decreased from 154
      (96-225) mmHg to 102 (70-196) mmHg in 8 of the 10 patients. Two patients showed
      an increase in PaCO2. A third patient had an obvious increase in PaCO2 from 53 to
      65 mmHg. Only 24 hours later we observed normalization of PaCO2 and an increase
      in PaO2. According to these results, hyperventilation (FiO2 = 1.0) during
      bronchoscopic examination is necessary in intensive care patients. Insertion of
      the bronchoscope should be performed via tracheal tube. Strict monitoring is
      imperative.

PMID- 6440445
TI  - Response to carbon dioxide after oral midazolam and pentobarbitone.
AB  - Midazolam (15 mg), pentobarbitone (100 mg) and a placebo were administered orally
      to nine male volunteers in double-blind crossover studies and the effect on the
      ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was observed for periods of 6 hours. It
      was concluded that neither drug caused any significant degree of respiratory
      depression.

PMID- 6440446
TI  - Alfentanil in short procedures. A comparison with halothane using etomidate or
      methohexitone for induction of anaesthesia.
AB  - Ninety patients, premedicated with temazepam 20 mg, undergoing suction
      termination of pregnancy, were studied. Forty patients received alfentanil (500
      micrograms), and thirty halothane (1.5%) as supplements to either etomidate or
      methohexitone-nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. A further 20 patients received
      alfentanil 250 micrograms at induction of anaesthesia with methohexitone,
      followed by a further 250 micrograms immediately prior to the onset of surgery.
      Recovery was assessed by the time patients took to open eyes on command, to
      giving their correct date of birth, and to performing the 'p' deletion test.
      Satisfactory operating conditions were not obtained with the combination of
      etomidate and halothane. Faster recovery was seen in patients with either
      etomidate or methohexitone and receiving alfentanil (p less than 0.01) Testing by
      the 'p' deletion test showed impaired psychomotor performance at 30 minutes after
      cessation of anaesthesia in all groups compared with the pre-operative scores.
      Side effects leading to unsatisfactory anaesthesia were more frequent in patients
      who had received etomidate (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6440447
TI  - Hypoglycaemia--a further hazard of bowel preparation with osmotic purgatives.

PMID- 6440448
TI  - [Influence of parenteral nutrition on phospholipid metabolism in the rat lung in
      the posttraumatic period].
AB  - Most experimental studies in the field of parenteral nutrition following trauma
      are aimed at a reduction of catabolism and therefore an improvement of the N
      balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of PN on PHL
      composition in the posttraumatic lung, especially in the surfactant fraction. We
      compared a carbohydrate - amino acid formula with a formula containing
      carbohydrate - amino acid - lipid. Polytrauma was performed by single femur
      fracture plus laparotomy with eventeration of the intestines for 30 minutes and
      hypovolemia (2 ml/100 g bw). After an adaption phase with reduced caloric supply,
      full caloric support was given from the 4th to the 14th day (100 Kcal/kg bw/day).
      The following metabolic parameters were used: N-balance; phospholipid total, 
      classes, -molecular species and fatty acid pattern of lecithin in lung tissue and
      lavage (using special HPLC and GC techniques). There were small differences
      between the groups using standard metabolic parameters (such as nitrogen
      balance). In contrast, we found significantly altered phospholipid patterns in
      the lung. With lipid emulsion there was an increased fraction of saturated
      lecithins (mainly dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine). From our data we conclude
      that it is possible to influence surfactant phospholipid composition by
      parenteral nutrition through the use of lipid emulsion. This might be useful for
      posttraumatic lung treatment.

PMID- 6440449
TI  - The influence on foetal outcome of maternal carbon dioxide tension at caesarean
      section under general anaesthesia.
AB  - The influence on foetal outcome of maternal PCO2 at caesarean section under
      general anaesthesia was assessed in 27 "clinically acceptable ideal patients" as
      defined by Crawford. A standard anaesthetic technique was employed which utilised
      left lateral tilt and an F1O2 of 0.5. A highly significant relationship (p less
      than 0.001) was found between umbilical vein PO2 and maternal end-tidal PCO2 in
      the range 20-40 mmHg, such that hypocarbia was associated with a lowering of
      umbilical vein PO2. In spite of this relationship, only three values of PO2 were
      less than normal (28 mmHg). No relationship was found between clinically measured
      parameters of foetal outcome and maternal end-tidal PCO2. The relevant literature
      is reviewed.

PMID- 6440450
TI  - Central venous and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures following air embolism in
      upright sheep.
AB  - A study on five upright (head above thorax) anaesthetised sheep demonstrated a
      statistically significant increase in central venous pressure and decrease in
      pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, following the injection of air 2 ml per kg
      into the pulmonary artery. In two out of the five sheep after air embolism, right
      sided pressures equalled or exceeded those on the left, confirming their
      potential susceptibility to paradoxical air embolism.

PMID- 6440451
TI  - Conjugation of antibodies with bifunctional chelating agents: isothiocyanate and
      bromoacetamide reagents, methods of analysis, and subsequent addition of metal
      ions.
AB  - Preparation of the chelating agent (S)-4-[2,3-bis[bis(carboxymethyl)am
      ino]propyl]phenyl isothiocyanate is reported. Procedures for conjugation of this
      and (S)-N-4-[2,3-bis[bis-(carboxymethyl)amino] propyl]phenyl bromoacetamide to
      monoclonal antibodies and other proteins are described. The conjugates may be
      purified quickly by centrifugation through Sephadex G-50. The number of protein
      bound chelating groups may be measured by titration with standard 57Co2+, using
      thin-layer chromatography to monitor binding. The labeled products retain their
      immunoreactivity, as illustrated by experiments in vivo with chelate-conjugated
      antibody to mouse I-AK antigen.

PMID- 6440452
TI  - Nonsupervised numerical component extraction from pyrolysis mass spectra of
      complex mixtures.

PMID- 6440453
TI  - Selectivity of the potentiometric carbon dioxide gas-sensing electrode.

PMID- 6440454
TI  - Estimation of vapor pressures for nonpolar organic compounds by capillary gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 6440455
TI  - Corticosterone stimulates the development of preoptic catecholamine neurons in
      tadpoles Bufo bufo japonicus.
AB  - In Bufo bufo japonicus catecholamine neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO)
      became detectable at the metamorphic climax by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
      (Falck-Hillarp technique). In hypophysectomized tadpoles metamorphosis was
      inhibited and no fluorescent neurons appeared in the PRO. Implantation of a
      pituitary graft to the hypophysectomized tadpoles induced metamorphosis and
      development of PRO catecholamine neurons. Administration of corticosterone to
      hypophysectomized tadpoles resulted in the development of PRO catecholamine
      neurons in spite of the unmetamorphosed state. On the other hand, prolactin
      administration had no effect on the PRO neurons of hypophysectomized tadpoles.
      From these results, in conjunction with our previous results indicating that
      thyroxine treatment induces development of the PRO catecholamine neurons in
      thyroidectomized animals but not in hypophysectomized animals, it is concluded
      that corticosterone is a primary hormone for the development of PRO catecholamine
      neurons in toad tadpoles.

PMID- 6440456
TI  - Testosterone, FSH and LH in human spermatic and cubital venous plasma in post
      inflammatory azoospermia.
AB  - The testosterone, FSH and LH plasma levels were determined simultaneously in
      spermatic and cubital veins in 15 patients with post-inflammatory azoospermia.
      The testosterone levels in spermatic vein was 13,1 +/- 2,9 times higher than in
      cubital vein. FSH spermatic plasma level was slightly higher than in cubital
      vein, whereas LH spermatic plasma level did not differ from that found in the
      cubital vein.

PMID- 6440457
TI  - Comparison of the biological and immunological activities of serum luteinizing
      hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in infertile males.
AB  - The biological and immunological activities of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum of infertile males were
      determined by radioreceptor (RRA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. In
      some sera the biological activity of serum LH was lower than expected on the
      basis of the RIA-data. In contrast, some sera contained unusually high levels of
      biologically active LH as demonstrated by RRA, despite not being detected in
      these amounts by RIA. Prolonged exposure of the gonad to such high levels of
      biologically active LH might cause end-organ desensitization resulting in
      infertility. The detection of such cases by the use of RRA could permit therapy
      in these individuals or exclude patients from treatment.

PMID- 6440458
TI  - Estrogens in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion in men: effects of
      administration of estrogen to agonadal subjects and the antiestrogen tamoxifen
      and the aromatase inhibitor delta'-testolactone to eugonadal subjects.
AB  - To elucidate the specific role of estrogens in the feedback regulation of
      gonadotropin secretion in men, basal and LRH-stimulated gonadotropin levels were
      studied in: Six agonadal subjects Six agonadal subjects continuously treated with
      50 micrograms ethinylestradiol Six eugonadal subjects, treated with the aromatase
      inhibitor delta'-testolactone, which induced a reduction of estrogen levels,
      independently of testosterone. Further, to determine whether estrogens exert
      differential effects in time on LH and FSH secretion, the anti-estrogen tamoxifen
      was administered to: Six eugonadal subjects for two weeks and Six eugonadal
      subjects for six weeks. It was found that estrogens have a strong suppressive
      effect on both LH and FSH secretion. However, changes in estrogen levels and
      blocking of estrogen receptors are followed more rapidly by FSH than LH.
      Estrogens affect LRH-induced LH release more than basal LH levels; basal and LRH
      stimulated FSH are approximately equally influenced. Basal and LRH-induced LH
      secretion are known to be more dependent upon previous LRH stimulation than FSH
      secretion. Since FSH followed changes of estrogens more rapidly than LH did, we
      postulate that the negative feedback action of estrogens on: LH secretion is
      predominantly exerted at the level of the hypothalamus, through inhibition of LRH
      secretion FSH secretion predominantly at the level of the pituitary through a
      direct action on the gonadotroph.

PMID- 6440459
TI  - [Relation between changes in central hemodynamic indices and the gas composition
      of the blood after open heart surgery].

PMID- 6440460
TI  - [Postoperative hypophosphoremia in digestive surgery. Influence of the parenteral
      diet].
AB  - Twenty-seven non emaciated patients undergoing major visceral surgery were
      randomly divided into two different groups according to the postoperative
      parenteral diet (100% glucose versus 50% fat 50% glucose). All patients received
      the same anaesthetic protocol and, peroperatively, none received any glucose. In
      the postoperative phase, parenteral feeding was started on the day of operation
      (18.5-21.8 kcal X kg-1) and was continued for a minimum of four days (37-44 kcal
      X kg-1 X 24 h-1). All patients received intravenous insulin and phosphorus (0.15
      mmol X kg-1 X 24 h-1). During five days, daily measurements of serum phosphate
      and glucose levels were made and nitrogen balance was studied. For all these
      parameters, there was no evidence of any significant difference between the two
      groups. A significant fall in plasma phosphate occurred in each group on the
      first postoperative day, was maximum on the second and lasted until the fourth.
      This fall was not influenced by parenteral diet. No patients in this study
      developed symptoms of phosphate depletion. The glucose levels increased
      significantly and the nitrogen sparing effect was similar in both groups. The
      mechanism of hypophosphataemia seemed to be an intracellular transfer under the
      influence of hyperglycaemia and high plasma insulin levels rather than an
      increase in urinary phosphate excretion. The advantage of using lipid solutions
      did not appear under the dietary conditions studied. Indeed a glucose supply
      greater than or equal to 3 mg X kg-1 X min-1 seemed to induce a maximum
      intracellular transfer of phosphorus. Because of this, phosphate supplementation
      and frequent measurement of serum phosphate are recommended for patients
      undergoing major visceral surgery and postoperative intravenous feeding.

PMID- 6440461
TI  - [Sex-related neurologic diseases. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-type leukodystrophy.
      Adrenoleukodystrophy. Fabry's disease].

PMID- 6440462
TI  - [Sex-related neurologic diseases. Hunter's disease. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome].

PMID- 6440463
TI  - [Tuberculous meningitis in adults. Diagnostic elements: analysis of 32 cases].
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the value of paraclinical investigations
      in the diagnosis of 32 adults with TB meningitis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was
      found in spinal fluid cultures of 21 patients (66 p. 100). But only two had
      positive smears. In five with positive cultures the sampling was performed
      between one and 13 days after the beginning of chemotherapy. In 7 patients with
      negative spinal fluid cultures, mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in gastric
      contents aspiration (3); urine (2); bone marrow (1) and abscess (1). Cytochemical
      analysis of first spinal fluid samples showed an elevation of protein from 0.5 to
      7 g/l in all patients (mean 2.1 +/- 1.6 g/l); sugar was low in 26 (mean 0.30 +/-
      0.26 g/l); cell count was less than 500/mm3 in 26, with a mononuclear response in
      24. 20 patients had lymphocytic and hypoglycorrachic meningitis. Cytochemical
      findings were independent of the delay between the first clinical symptoms and
      lumbar puncture. A. C. T. scan of the brain was performed in 8 patients with
      neurologic complications. Hydrocephalus was found in 3, and after the injection
      of contrast material, focal high-density areas in the basal cistern and the sulci
      of the cerebrum were observed in 2. Chest X ray showed miliary TB in 13 patients;
      but positive skin test for tuberculosis and hyponatremia were rarely helpful. To
      confirm adult tuberculous meningitis, we suggest that two spinal fluid samplings
      are necessary, but mycobacterium tuberculosis must be looked for simultaneously
      in the sputum, gastric contents, urine and bone marrow. Specific treatment can be
      started immediately after the first spinal fluid sampling. Chest X ray may be
      helpful, but C.T. scan of the brain and tuberculin test are of no value.

PMID- 6440464
TI  - [Abnormalities of the jejunal mucosa and protein-calorie malnutrition in infants
      in Equatorial Africa].

PMID- 6440465
TI  - Are burn wound biopsies obsolete? A comparative study of bacterial quantitation
      in burn patients using the absorbent disc and biopsy techniques.
AB  - A study of bacterial quantitation in burn wounds was undertaken to compare a new
      absorbent paper disc technique with the standard burn wound biopsy technique. In
      the first part of the study 228 paired samples were used to compare the two
      methods; a high correlation coefficient was found with the four most commonly
      encountered bacteria, and both methods showed a high specificity and sensitivity
      for each of the organisms. In the second portion of the study, the discs were
      compared with burn wound biopsies that had been divided into their superficial
      and deep segments. Thirty paired samples were studied and again the correlation
      was high, indicating that the disc technique also measured the organisms found in
      the deeper tissue levels. The absorbent disc technique is simple, convenient,
      noninvasive, inexpensive, and yields reproducible results. These findings
      indicate that burn wound biopsies may no longer be required for infection
      monitoring in the burn patient.

PMID- 6440466
TI  - Early enteral feeding of patients with major burns: prevention of catabolism.
AB  - The immediate onset of hypermetabolism after a major burn dictates that nitrogen
      and calories be supplied as early as possible to such patients to prevent the
      well-documented catabolic state. However, intravenous hyperalimentation is not
      always possible, and enteral feeding is not usually attempted in the early
      resuscitative period. Twelve patients with major burns (40% to 70%) were fed
      nasoduodenally in the early postburn period with a new solution (3.5% Aminosyn,
      25% Polycose, and appropriate additions of electrolytes and vitamins). All
      patients reached positive nitrogen balance in 9.8 +/- 2.3 days, tolerated the
      feeding extremely well, and had no distention or diarrhea. Metabolic assessment
      showed remarkable stability. The characteristic signs of hypermetabolism, such as
      hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia or hyperinsulinemia, were absent. Furthermore,
      there was no persistent neutrophilia or leukocytosis and there was a significant
      (p less than .01) decrease in the percentage of juvenile neutrophils and a
      significant (p less than 0.001) increase in absolute lymphocytes between days 0
      and 14 of the study. These data indicate that early enteral feeding of Polycose
      Aminosyn is safe and well tolerated, and that the small intestine absorbs
      nutrients readily in the early postburn period, leading to positive nitrogen
      balance, preventing loss of serum protein, assisting in the maintenance of normal
      carbohydrate metabolism, and restoring granulocytes and lymphocytes to normal
      ratios.

PMID- 6440467
TI  - Determination of retinol-binding protein in serum by kinetic immunonephelometry
      with polyethylene glycol pretreatment.
AB  - This work describes the use of polyethylene glycol as a pretreatment reagent to
      remove endogenous light scattering material from serum samples prior to automated
      immunonephelometric analysis on a centrifugal analyser. An assay system for
      retinol-binding protein is described, which allows rapid (10 minutes)
      quantitation of retinol-binding protein in serum samples with a detection limit
      of 5 mg/L and between-assay coefficients of variation ranging from 2.9% to 4.0%.
      The assay range is 5-80 mg/L and accuracy comparisons with a Mancini single
      radial immunodiffusion method yield a regression line y = 0.89 x + 0.52 (r =
      0.98, n = 22). The problem of analyte precipitation associated with use of
      pretreatment regimes is discussed.

PMID- 6440468
TI  - Use and abuse of blood.
AB  - This paper reviews the use and abuse of blood and blood products. Source of
      misuse of cell concentrates originates from the endeavour of physicians to
      correct the peripheral blood count irrespective of signs and symptoms of the
      patient. In chronic anaemias in the steady state, it is not the red cell count
      and haemoglobin level of the peripheral blood but the capacity of blood to
      release oxygen which is the decisive factor in determining the clinical severity
      of anaemia. There is no "critical" platelet or granulocyte value under which
      patients have to be transfused. A decision to give any blood derivative has to be
      based on the correct diagnosis of the underlying disease, taking into account all
      risk and benefit factors. Indications for albumin and immunoglobulins are well
      defined and there is a definite need to fight against their unjustified use.
      There is still a growing need for F VIII concentrates. The production of
      cryoprecipitate, from plasma of unpaid voluntary donors, the safest small pool F
      VIII concentrate, should be increased in every country. The use of high purity
      commercial F VIII concentrates should be restricted to the treatment of
      significant haemorrhages in severe haemophiliacs. Efforts should be concentrated
      on producing safe virus-free purified concentrates. The clinical use of F IX is
      well established while indications for AT-III are still under study. There is a
      growing need for specific immunoglobulins, protease inhibitors and
      therapeutically useful enzyme preparations.

PMID- 6440469
TI  - Circulating inhibitors.
AB  - Non-specific circulating inhibitors detected in 13 patients did not result in
      significant bleeding episodes. Five non-haemophiliacs who had inhibitors to
      Factor VIIIC did not have any underlying disorders but all of them experienced
      major bleeding episodes. Five per cent of haemophiliacs developed antibodies to
      Factor VIIIC. Most of them had severe haemophilia, but as the titres of antibody
      were low, they did not present with problems in management. Current modes of
      treatment for haemophiliacs with Factor VIIIC inhibitors include inducement of
      immune tolerance with high doses of Factor VIII, activated or non-activated
      prothrombin complex concentrate and plasmapheresis.

PMID- 6440470
TI  - Characterization of the b99 allotype of rabbit immunoglobulin kappa 1 light
      chain.
AB  - A previously undetected allotypic specificity, A99, was found in a wild rabbit
      (Oryctolagus cuniculus) population in Portugal. The A99 allotype cross-reacted
      with anti-b6 and anti-b96 sera, but carried its own antigenic determinants and
      was therefore distinct from the known allotypes of the b series. The A99
      determinants were located on the kappa 1 light chain of IgG molecules and were
      inherited as allotypic determinants of the b series. Taken together, these data
      provide evidence that A99 is encoded by an allele at the b locus, tentatively
      designated b99. The great similarity between the b6, b96 and b99 allotypes
      suggests that they derived from a common ancestor.

PMID- 6440471
TI  - Association of cell function with quantitative variation in cell surface markers.

PMID- 6440472
TI  - Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to new beta-lactamase-resistant beta
      lactams.
AB  - An isogenic set of mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, altered in permeability or
      permeability plus constitutive production of beta-lactamase, was examined for
      susceptibility to newer beta-lactam antibiotics. Kinetic data on the chromosomal
      beta-lactamase and susceptibility studies for the test beta-lactams indicate that
      permeability was the major mechanism of resistance to the poorly hydrolyzed and
      nonhydrolyzed antibiotics, e.g., carbenicillin, moxalactam, and cefsulodin. An
      exception was cefotaxime, with a low Km and a low Vmax, which had reduced
      efficacy in the permeability mutant and was further affected by the constitutive
      beta-lactamase. In this case, since the Vmax was low, a nonhydrolytic barrier may
      provide the additional reduction in susceptibility.

PMID- 6440473
TI  - Regrowth of aminoglycoside-resistant variants and its possible implication for
      determination of MICs.
AB  - Regrowth of aminoglycoside-resistant variants was seen when large inocula of two
      strains of Escherichia coli were incubated with gentamicin in concentrations well
      above their MICs (0.5 micrograms/ml). The extent of the selection of resistant
      variants was proportional to the concentration of gentamicin during incubation;
      after incubation with gentamicin (greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for 24
      h), all bacteria were resistant to at least 8 micrograms/ml. Bacteria resistant
      to these concentrations always formed small colonies, whereas variants resistant
      to lower concentrations (1 to 2 micrograms/ml) could form both small and normal
      colonies. The regrowth of resistant variants could be monitored by luciferase
      assay of intracellular ATP in cultures incubated with gentamicin (less than or
      equal to 2 micrograms/ml). In cultures incubated with higher concentrations,
      regrowth did occur, although this did not result in viability (CFU per
      milliliter) or ATP levels above those of the initial inocula. The implications of
      this regrowth for MIC determinations in broth and the possible clinical revelance
      of the resistant variants are discussed.

PMID- 6440474
TI  - Effect of aztreonam in combination with azlocillin or piperacillin on Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - Aztreonam, a synthetic monobactam antimicrobial agent specifically active against
      aerobic, gram-negative microorganisms, was studied in combination with the
      extended-spectrum penicillins azlocillin and piperacillin against 46 strains of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of these strains, 4.3% were synergistically inhibited,
      and 19.7% showed evidence for an additive effect of the antibiotics. All other
      strains showed indifference. The addition of cefoxitin to these combinations
      increased the MICs of azlocillin and piperacillin by two to three tubes, whereas
      zero- to one-tube increases were noted for aztreonam MICs. Attempts to block
      cefoxitin-induced beta-lactamase production by using clindamycin were
      unsuccessful even at high clindamycin concentrations.

PMID- 6440475
TI  - Use of the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine to study the interactions of
      aminoglycoside antibiotics with the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The mode of interaction of the polycationic aminoglycoside antibiotics with the
      surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells was studied with the hydrophobic
      fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). The addition of the
      aminoglycoside gentamicin to intact cells in the presence of NPN led to a shift
      in the fluorescence emission maximum from 460 to 420 nm. At the same time the NPN
      fluorescence intensity increased fourfold. Gentamicin caused no such effects when
      added to outer membrane vesicles, suggesting that the increased fluorescence
      resulted from the interaction of gentamicin with intact cells. Gentamicin
      promoted NPN uptake was inhibited by the divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+, but
      occurred in the absence of gentamicin transport across the inner membrane. Low
      concentrations of gentamicin (2 micrograms/ml) caused NPN fluorescence to
      increase over a period of 4 min in a sigmoidal fashion. At higher concentrations
      (50 micrograms/ml) the increase occurred within a few seconds. The final
      fluorescence intensity was almost independent of the gentamicin concentration. A
      centrifugation technique was used to demonstrate that gentamicin caused actual
      uptake of NPN from the supernatant. The initial rate of NPN uptake varied
      according to the gentamicin concentration in a sigmoidal fashion. Similar data
      were obtained for seven other aminoglycoside antibiotics. The data, when
      reanalyzed as a Hill plot, gave a series of lines with a mean slope (the Hill
      number) of 2.26 +/- 0.26, suggesting that the interaction of aminoglycosides with
      the cell surface to permeabilize it to NPN involved at least three sites and
      demonstrated positive cooperativity. There was a statistically significant
      relationship between the pseudoassociation constant K, from the Hill plots and
      the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the eight antibiotics. These results
      are consistent with the concept that aminoglycosides interact as a divalent
      cation binding site on the P. aeruginosa outer membrane and permeabilize it to
      the hydrophobic prove NPN.

PMID- 6440476
TI  - Comparative in vitro activities of apalcillin and piperacillin against gram
      negative bacilli.
AB  - The susceptibilities of 317 gram-negative bacilli to apalcillin and piperacillin
      were determined by standardized microdilution and disk diffusion tests. The
      respective percentages of strains susceptible to less than or equal to 64
      micrograms of apalcillin and piperacillin per ml were as follows: members of the
      family Enterobacteriaceae, 90 and 88%; randomly selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      100 and 100%; multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa, 100 and 75%; and other
      nonfermenters and Aeromonas hydrophila, 99 and 97%. The drugs had equal activity
      against Enterobacteriaceae and A. hydrophila; apalcillin was more active against
      Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and piperacillin was more
      active against other nonfermenters. By using linear regression analysis, we found
      that the MICs of apalcillin and piperacillin were highly interrelated; the lines
      of best fit had slopes close to unity, and correlation coefficients (r) were
      greater than 0.90 for Enterobacteriaceae as a group and for other species
      individually. With disk diffusion testing, inhibition zone diameters around 100
      micrograms apalcillin and 100 micrograms piperacillin disks correlated well with
      respective MICs for Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa (r = -0.93 to -0.96).
      Using an error rate-bound classification scheme, we determined breakpoints for
      apalcillin susceptibility and confirmed those previously established for
      piperacillin to be appropriate. The apalcillin disk, with modified breakpoints,
      could be used to predict piperacillin MICs for all organisms, but the
      piperacillin disk could not be used to predict apalcillin MICs for nonfermenters.

PMID- 6440477
TI  - Postantibiotic effect of imipenem on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Imipenem (formerly N-formimidoyl thienamycin) and ceftazidime were investigated
      for their postantibiotic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Four strains of P.
      aeruginosa in the logarithmic phase of growth were exposed for 1 and 2 h to
      concentrations of antibiotics achievable in human serum. Recovery periods of test
      cultures were evaluated after dilution or addition of beta-lactamase. A
      consistent postantibiotic effect against all strains was obtained with imipenem
      but not with ceftazidime. Although ceftazidime did not have a postantibiotic
      effect, it did suppress the growth of the organisms at concentrations equivalent
      to one-third of the MIC. The clinical implications of these effects need further
      evaluation.

PMID- 6440478
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of MT-141, a new semisynthetic
      cephamycin, compared with those of five cephalosporins.
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of MT-141 were compared with
      those of cefoxitin, cefmetazole, moxalactam, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. The
      MICs of MT-141 for 90% of bacterial isolates were lower than the reference drugs
      against clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium difficile, and
      Bacteroides fragilis, whereas against clinical isolates of other gram-positive,
      gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, the MICs of MT-141 were similar to or
      higher than those of the reference drugs. In contrast, the bactericidal activity
      of MT-141 after 6- and 24-h exposures was superior to all of the reference drugs
      against 9 to 10 of the 12 bacterial strains studied, including Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enteritidis, indol-positive Proteus species,
      Serratia marcescens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas cepacia, and
      Clostridium perfringens. In the treatment of systemic infections in mice, MT-141
      was again superior against 9 of the 12 strains tested, showing a good correlation
      with the bactericidal activity. It was found that the 50% effective doses of the
      six cephalosporins studied correlated better with the MBCs than with the MICs. As
      the serum levels of MT-141 in mice after subcutaneous administration were similar
      to those of the reference drugs, it was concluded that the bactericidal activity
      of MT-141 was a dominant factor in its in vivo activity.

PMID- 6440479
TI  - In vitro antibacterial properties of BRL 36650, a novel 6 alpha-substituted
      penicillin.
AB  - BRL 36650 is a new type of penicillin in which a formamido group has been
      introduced into the 6 alpha-position of the nucleus. The compound is highly
      active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and is stable to a wide range of
      beta-lactamases produced by these organisms. Against members of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae, BRL 36650 was considerably more active than piperacillin,
      particularly against beta-lactamase-producing strains, and showed a similar level
      of activity to moxalactam, aztreonam, and the third-generation cephalosporins
      cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas
      species, BRL 36650 was more active than piperacillin, cefoperazone, and aztreonam
      and compared favorably with ceftazidime. BRL 36650 was highly active against
      Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including beta-lactamase
      producing strains, and against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Clinical isolates of
      Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosa which showed markedly reduced
      susceptibility to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam were only slightly less
      susceptible to BRL 36650. Against Bacteroides fragilis and most gram-positive
      bacteria, BRL 36650 showed only a low level of activity. BRL 36650 was found to
      be only 35% bound to human serum protein, and the antibacterial activity was
      little affected by the presence of serum. In contrast, the composition of the
      test medium influenced the activity of BRL 36650 slightly, and an antagonistic
      effect could be demonstrated between the compound and a component of certain
      Mueller-Hinton media.

PMID- 6440480
TI  - In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of penicillinase-producing and non
      penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Durban,
      South Africa.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibilities of 22 penicillinase-producing and 32 non
      penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 13 antimicrobial
      agents, including the new semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, are
      reported. Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime were the most active agents
      tested; none of them had an MIC of greater than 0.03 micrograms/ml. Amoxycillin
      plus clavulanic acid and temocillin also showed good activity against both
      strains of gonococci.

PMID- 6440481
TI  - Amifloxacin activity against well-defined gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative
      bacteria.
AB  - Amifloxacin (WIN 49375) activity against a well-defined group of gentamicin
      resistant gram-negative bacilli was compared with the activity of 11 other
      antimicrobial agents. For all strains, amifloxacin and norfloxacin were the most
      active agents, followed by cefotaxime and moxalactam. For Acinetobacter sp. only
      amifloxacin had an achievable MIC for 90% of the strains. Amifloxacin joins other
      newly developed DNA gyrase inhibitors as potentially useful agents for infections
      due to aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacilli.

PMID- 6440482
TI  - Synergistic activities of combinations of beta-lactams, fosfomycin, and
      tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The effects of antibiotic combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
      frequently found in hospitalized patients were investigated. By means of an agar
      plate dilution checkerboard method, combinations of piperacillin-fosfomycin,
      cefoperazone-fosfomycin, and cefsulodin-fosfomycin were synergistic against 80.0,
      85.0, and 82.6% of the strains tested. The mean fractional inhibitory
      concentration indices of piperacillin-fosfomycin, cefoperazone-fosfomycin, and
      cefsulodin-fosfomycin were 0.48, 0.42, and 0.46, respectively. The synergistic
      activities of these combinations were enhanced by the addition of a small amount
      of tobramycin, 0.25 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6440483
TI  - Computerized OR inventory. Tracking supplies cost-effectively.

PMID- 6440484
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against aflatoxin M1.
AB  - By using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, four monoclonal
      antibodies were selected after fusion of mouse P3-NS1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells with
      spleen cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with aflatoxin M1
      (AFM1) conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Two of these antibodies were found to
      be specific for AFM1 and were designated AMW-1 and AMW-4. The specificities of
      AMW-1, which had higher affinity to AFM1, were determined by a competitive direct
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with peroxidase-AFM1 as the marker. The
      relative cross-reactivity of each toxin (relative to AFM1) with AMW-1, as
      determined by the amount of aflatoxin necessary to cause 50% inhibition of enzyme
      activity, was 12, greater than 40, 12, and greater than 40 for B1, B2, G1, and
      G2, respectively.

PMID- 6440485
TI  - Alternative pathways for biosynthesis of leucine and other amino acids in
      Bacteroides ruminicola and Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - Bacteroides ruminicola is one of several species of anaerobes that are able to
      reductively carboxylate isovalerate (or isovaleryl-coenzyme A) to synthesize
      alpha-ketoisocaproate and thus leucine. When isovalerate was not supplied to
      growing B. ruminicola cultures, carbon from [U-14C]glucose was used for the
      synthesis of leucine and other cellular amino acids. When unlabeled isovalerate
      was available, however, utilization of [U-14C]glucose or [2-14C]acetate for
      leucine synthesis was markedly and specifically reduced. Enzyme assays indicated
      that the key enzyme of the common isopropylmalate (IPM) pathway for leucine
      biosynthesis, IPM synthase, was present in B. ruminicola cell extracts. The
      specific activity of IPM synthase was reduced when leucine was added to the
      growth medium but was increased by the addition of isoleucine plus valine,
      whereas the addition of isovalerate had little or no effect. The activity of B.
      ruminicola IPM synthase was strongly inhibited by leucine, the end product of the
      pathway. It seems unlikely that the moderate inhibition of the enzyme by
      isovalerate adequately explains the regulation of carbon flow by isovalerate in
      growing cultures. Bacteroides fragilis apparently also uses either the
      isovalerate carboxylation or the IPM pathway for leucine biosynthesis.
      Furthermore, both of these organisms synthesize isoleucine and phenylalanine,
      using carbon from 2-methylbutyrate and phenylacetate, respectively, in preference
      to synthesis of these amino acids de novo from glucose. Thus, it appears that
      these organisms have the ability to regulate alternative pathways for the
      biosynthesis of certain amino acids and that pathways involving reductive
      carboxylations are likely to be favored in their natural habitats.

PMID- 6440486
TI  - Properties of the resolved catalytic unit of skeletal muscle adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Attempts were made to resolve the catalytic unit (C) of adenylate cyclase from
      the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G/F) in detergent extracts of
      pigeon breast muscle. When preparations solubilized in 1% Lubrol 12A9 were
      fractionated at 33% saturated (NH4)2SO4, catalytic activity precipitated which
      was insensitive to NaF and guanine nucleotide. G/F was concentrated in a fraction
      precipitating between 33 and 47% saturated (NH4)2SO4, but was not obtained free
      of C. C was also resolved from G/F by gel filtration in the presence of 13 mM 3
      [(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (Chaps), but recoveries
      of C were lower than those obtained by salt fractionation. NaF-Activated
      preparations were also subjected to gel filtration in the presence of Chaps, in
      which case both the catalytic activity and G/F emerged in the activated state.
      G/F from such columns was deactivated by removal of NaF by dialysis. NaF and
      guanine nucleotide sensitivity could be reconstituted in nonactivated
      preparations of C by G/F in the presence of NaF or guanylylimidodiphosphate.
      Reconstitution was dependent upon both the amount of C and G/F in the assay. C in
      both preparations was strongly stimulated by the diterpene, forskolin, whereas
      the NaF-activated enzyme resolved by gel filtration was only marginally
      stimulated by this agent. C was only weakly inhibited by the P-site agent 2',5'
      dideoxyadenosine. However, when C was stimulated by forskolin, dideoxyadenosine
      was a potent inhibitor. The NaF-activated catalytic unit was also strongly
      inhibited by this agent. Preparations of C obtained by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation
      may be suitable starting material for attempted purification of this component of
      adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 6440487
TI  - Covalent modification of the solubilized rat liver vitamin K-dependent
      carboxylase with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate.
AB  - The carboxylation of the pentapeptide substrate, Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Ile, by a rat
      microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase was stimulated two- to threefold at
      pyridoxal-5'-P concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0 mM. This stimulation was
      reduced at concentrations higher than 1.0 mM. The Km for the pentapeptide was
      lowered twofold in the presence of 1 mM pyridoxal-5'-P. The activation by
      pyridoxal-5'-P is specific, as 1 mM pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxine-5'-P,
      pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine-5'-P, or 4-pyridoxic acid did not stimulate the
      pentapeptide carboxylation rate. All six analogs, as well as formaldehyde and
      acetaldehyde, inhibited the carboxylation reaction in a concentration-dependent
      manner. The activation of the carboxylase by pyridoxal-5'-P appeared to be
      mediated by its direct binding to the enzyme via Schiff base formation. Sodium
      borohydride reduction of solubilized microsomes in the presence of pyridoxal-5'
      P, followed by dialysis to remove unbound material, resulted in a carboxylase
      preparation with a specific activity twice that of the untreated control
      microsomes. The derivatized enzyme was not further stimulated by added pyridoxal
      5'-P. This derivatized carboxylase could be obtained in the absence of
      pentapeptide and divalent cations. The stimulation of the carboxylase activity by
      divalent cations and pyridoxal-5'-P was mediated at separate site(s) on the
      enzyme. Studies of the NH2-terminal pyridoxalated pentapeptide with both a normal
      and PLP-modified enzyme, in the presence and absence of PLP, demonstrated
      competition of the pentapeptide PLP moiety to a PLP site on the enzyme. It was
      concluded that pyridoxal-5'-P forms a covalent attachment to an epsilon-NH2 of a
      lysine near the active site of the carboxylase.

PMID- 6440488
TI  - Role of metal ions in activity and site:site heterogeneity in isocitrate lyase of
      castor seedling endosperm.
AB  - Time-dependent inactivation of isocitrate lyase with EDTA, ATP, and ADP exhibits
      biphasic kinetics in which half of the initial activity is lost in a fast and the
      remaining half in a slow phase. Each phase exhibits first-order kinetics. When
      Mg2+ ions are added to an enzymatically inactive "apo-protein" obtained by EDTA
      dialysis of isocitrate lyase, the activity regained exhibits anticooperativity
      with respect to Mg2+ binding. The data suggest the presence of two classes of
      Mg2+ binding sites of equal specific activity, but having different affinities
      for Mg2+. It is proposed that the site:site heterogeneity in isocitrate lyase is
      a consequence of its quaternary structure constraints, and is independent of any
      of the known ligands.

PMID- 6440489
TI  - Methene bridge carbon atom elimination in oxidative heme degradation catalyzed by
      heme oxygenase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.
AB  - Physiological heme degradation is mediated by the heme oxygenase system
      consisting of heme oxygenase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Biliverdin IX
      alpha is formed by elimination of one methene bridge carbon atom as CO. Purified
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase alone will also degrade heme but biliverdin is a
      minor product (15%). The enzymatic mechanisms of heme degradation in the presence
      and absence of heme oxygenase were compared by analyzing the recovery of 14CO
      from the degradation of [14C]heme. 14CO recovery from purified NADPH-cytochrome P
      450 reductase-catalyzed degradation of [14C]methemalbumin was 15% of the
      predicted value for one molecule of CO liberated per mole of heme degraded. 14CO2
      and [14C]formic acid were formed in amounts (18 and 98%, respectively),
      suggesting oxidative cleavage of more than one methene bridge per heme degraded,
      similar to heme degradation by hydrogen peroxide. The reaction was strongly
      inhibited by catalase, but superoxide dismutase had no effect. [14C]Heme
      degradation by the reconstituted heme oxygenase system yielded 33% 14CO. Near
      stoichiometric recovery of 14CO was achieved after addition of catalase to
      eliminate side reactions. Near-quantitative recovery of 14CO was also achieved
      using spleen microsomal preparations. Heme degradation by purified NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase appeared to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide. The
      major products were not bile pigments, and only small amounts of CO were formed.
      The presence of heme oxygenase, and possibly an intact membrane structure, were
      essential for efficient heme degradation to bile pigments, possibly by protecting
      the heme from indiscriminate attack by active oxygen species.

PMID- 6440490
TI  - Alterations in liver ultrastructure and induction of UDP-glucuronyltransferase in
      the rat following prenatal exposure to 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl.

PMID- 6440491
TI  - [Use of in-vitro treated human blood cells for the detection of the potential
      genotoxicity of chemical agents].

PMID- 6440492
TI  - A method for studying the actions of drugs on motility of vascularly perfused
      segments of human colon.
AB  - The isolated, vascularly perfused human colon is a novel method for investigating
      drug action on this organ. Measurement of the integrated motility of the muscle
      layers and the facility for administering drugs via the blood supply represent
      advances over muscle strip studies. Viability of the specimens was improved by
      addition of Dextran 70 to the perfusion fluid to minimise oedema. Changes in
      motility were recorded with small, water-filled intraluminal balloons.
      Measurements were made for 10 min periods immediately before and after drug
      administration using a linear displacement method. Both neostigmine (1.0-3.0
      micrograms/ml) and bethanechol (1.0-5 micrograms/ml) significantly increased
      motility of the segments, while morphine (10-50 micrograms/ml) did not.

PMID- 6440493
TI  - Administration of benznidazole, a chemotherapeutic agent against Chagas disease,
      to pregnant rats. Covalent binding of reactive metabolites to fetal and maternal
      proteins.
AB  - Benznidazole (Bz) (N-benzyl-2-nitro-1-imidazole acetamide) is one of the drugs
      used in the chemotherapy of Chagas' disease though there is scarce data at
      present about its toxicological properties. The aim of this study was to obtain
      some very preliminary information about the potential risks for the fetuses when
      Bz is administered to pregnant women. With that purpose, 14C-Bz was orally
      administered to rats at twenty days of pregnancy. The animals were sacrificed 1,
      3 or 6 hr after administration and the different tissues and fetuses analyzed for
      14C from 14C-Bz bound covalently to proteins. It was observed that the drug is
      readily absorbed, crosses the placental barrier and reaches the fetuses. It is
      also activated in vivo to reactive metabolites that bind covalently to maternal
      and fetal proteins. In the light of the present results it would be wise to
      carefully consider the need and unknown risk of Bz therapy in pregnant women,
      until further appropriate studies on the developmental toxicology of Bz become
      available.

PMID- 6440494
TI  - [Heart transplantation. Experience at La Pitie hospital. Apropos of 82 cases].
AB  - Since 1968, 320 patients with severe irreversible myocardial failure, have been
      referred to our department for transplantation; 78 p. 100 had dilated
      cardiomyopathies; 14 p. 100 had ischaemic heart disease and 8 p. 100 had valvular
      heart disease. One hundred and five patients had absolute contra-indications and
      were excluded (pulmonary hypertension, diabetes, gastro-duodenal ulcer, age, or
      other major organic disease). Of the remaining 215 patients, only 82 were
      transplanted because of the limited number of available donor hearts. The most
      commonly used technique was orthotopic grafting as described by Lower and
      Shumway; Barnard's method of heterotopic grafting was used in 1 case and a block
      heart and lung transplantation by Reitz and Shumway's method was performed in 3
      cases. The main postoperative complications, apart from technical problems (7
      deaths), were related to rejection (107 episodes, 27 deaths), infection (82
      episodes, 13 deaths), atherosclerosis of the graft (4 cases, 2 deaths, 1
      retransplantation) and malignant tumours (3 deaths). After transplantation, 82 p.
      100 of patients were discharged after an average hospital stay of 2 months; 47 p.
      100 survived the first year and lead almost normal socio-professional activities.
      Thirty patients are still alive, the longest postoperative survival being 9
      years. Significant advances have been made in the last 3 years. Classical immuno
      suppressor therapy (steroids, azathioprine, horse antilymphocytic serum) has
      given way to more effective antilymphocytic sera and more powerful immuno
      suppressor drugs (cyclosporine A). This treatment has greatly changed the
      postoperative course of events. Rejection phenomena, though still as common, are
      much less serious and, above all, more insidious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6440495
TI  - [Cardiac transplantation: noninvasive detection of rejection by
      echocardiography].
AB  - The main objective of follow-up of cardiac transplant patients is early
      recognition of acute rejection of the allogenic myocardium. Two patients followed
      up by the usual protocol also underwent routine M-mode and 2D echocardiography.
      The data was digitalized and memorized to allow systematic study of the
      pericardial and cardiac structures, and a comparison of their evolution. Acute
      rejection was associated with an increase in the acoustic density of the
      myocardium, especially of the interventricular septum, and an increase in
      myocardial mass as calculated from M-mode data; an increase of 5 p. 100 of this
      parameter with respect to an average reference value was judged to be
      significant. Comparisons were made with electrocardiographic data, especially
      with an index of voltage. The variability of this index which may be unrelated to
      rejection was apparent; in addition, there was an interval of about 5 days
      between the echocardiographic changes and the recording of significant reductions
      of the electrocardiographic index. Previously reported histological changes
      explain the precocity and reliability of the echocardiographic results obtained
      by a non-invasive and reproducible method.

PMID- 6440496
TI  - [Accentuation of myocardial ischemia during coronary recanalization in the acute
      phase of myocardial infarction].
AB  - Coronary recanalisation during the acute phase of myocardial infarction,
      especially by in situ infusion of thrombolytic agents, is accompanied in most
      cases by rapid regression of chest pain and a reduction in the degree of ST
      elevation. However, a multicentre retrospective study of 104 attempts at
      recanalisation, including 78 successful procedures, showed in 10 cases (12.8 p.
      100), an apparently paradoxical accentuation of the chest pain with or without
      increased ST elevation, at the time of angiographically demonstrable
      recanalisation. This phenomenon may be interpreted as being the result of
      aggravation of the ischaemia of the border zone, the objective of therapy.
      Several pathogenic hypotheses, all with experimental proof, may be suggested to
      explain these observations (haemorrhagic infarction, non reperfusion, ischaemic
      contraction due to massive intracellular flow of calcium, etc.). It is usually
      associated with arrhythmias and may be considered to be a reliable sign of
      recanalisation. It may also explain certain cases of persistence of chest pain
      and ECG changes despite the demonstration of a permeable epicardial artery on
      initial coronary angiography.

PMID- 6440497
TI  - [Prognostic value of coronary spasm threshold determined by the ergometrine
      test].
AB  - The prognosis of spastic angina is difficult to determine. The object of this
      study was to try to evaluate the prognosis of coronary spasm on the results of
      provocative, ergometrine testing. Out of 708 patients with angiographically
      normal or near-normal coronary arteries undergoing the ergometrine test for
      assessment of chest pain, 78 patients with positive results were retained for
      study. The threshold of spasm was established in every case: this was defined as
      the quantity of ergometrine per kilogramme body weight required to provoke spasm.
      The values ranged from 1 to 12.5 micrograms/kg (average 7.58 micrograms/kg +/-
      3.84). The reproducibility of the ergometrine test appeared to be very
      satisfactory. In the short term, only 4 out of 32 tests became negative. The test
      remained positive in 28 cases and the mean value of the threshold of spasm did
      not change significantly (5.64 +/- 3.27 to 5.52 +/- 3.18 micrograms/kg). In the
      long term only 2 out of 18 tests became negative. The test remained positive in
      16 cases and the mean value of the threshold of spasm did not change
      significantly (5.68 +/- 2.96 to 6.58 +/- 3.11 micrograms/kg). The ergometrine
      test with a reference threshold of positivity of 5 micrograms/kg is doubly
      useful: this threshold value helps predict a good response to calcium inhibitor
      drugs: the threshold of spasm was less than this value in 6 of the 41 patients
      whose tests became negative after diltiazem therapy, and in 12 of 14 patients in
      whom the test remained positive (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6440498
TI  - [Pulsed Doppler in the diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency].
AB  - Forty-eight patients underwent M-Mode, 2D and pulsed Doppler echocardiography
      with systematic apical and subcostal examination of the mitral and tricuspid
      orifices to determine the value of pulsed Doppler echo in the detection of
      tricuspid regurgitation. The fourty-eight patients, aged 12 to 69 years, were
      divided into 2 groups: Group I: 27 patients referred for cardiac catheterisation
      usually with a view to surgery. The majority of patients had rheumatic valvular,
      congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathies. All of these patients had
      phonocardiography, right and left heart catheterisation, right ventricular
      angiography and measurement od cardiac output. Group II: 21 control patients with
      no auscultatory, radiological or electrocardiographic changes. This group was
      studied to determine the specificity of pulsed Doppler examination of the
      tricuspid valve and the patients only underwent echocardiography. Selective right
      ventricular angiography was selected as the reference. The sensitivity,
      specificity and predictive value of pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the
      positive diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation were determined. Its value in
      quantifying tricuspid regurgitation was also analysed. The sensitivity of pulsed
      Doppler was 93 p. 100 in this series: all but one case of angiographically proven
      tricuspid regurgitation were detected by the finding of unequivocal systolic
      turbulence in the right atrium. The specificity of pulsed Doppler was 91 p. 100.
      The positive predictive value of systolic turbulence in the right atrium was 81
      p. 100. The only reliable criteria for quantifying the regurgitation were the
      intensity of the acoustic signal and the spatial extension of intraatrial
      turbulent flow: all patients with turbulent flow propagating as far as the
      superior wall of the right atrium or the inferior vena cava had angiographically
      severe tricuspid regurgitation. A comparison with other paraclinical methods of
      detecting tricuspid regurgitation showed that pulsed Doppler echocardiography is
      the most sensitive tool at the clinician's disposal for diagnosing this lesion:
      the sensitivity of auscultation and phonocardiography was 50 p. 100, jugular
      pulse tracings 54 p. 100, right heart catheterisation 50 p. 100, and pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography 93 p. 100. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography may even be
      superior to angiography which has, until now, been the method of reference for
      diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation.

PMID- 6440499
TI  - [Radioisotopic quantification of isolated mitral insufficiency].
AB  - A group of 23 consecutive patients with isolated mitral regurgitation confirmed
      by angiography, 8 of whom had normal and 15 abnormal coronary arteriographies,
      were compared with a control group of 27 subjects without valvular heart disease
      (normal coronary arteriography in 7 cases, abnormal coronary arteriography in 20
      cases). After injection of technetium 99m labelled albumin, gamma
      angiocardiography was performed in the left anterior oblique plane at equilibrium
      with electrocardiographic synchronisation. Fourier's analysis of the images
      excluded hepatic pulsation and dephasing of the two ventricles: amplitude images
      were used to trace the right and left ventricular zones of interest. The ratio of
      right to left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated in these zones from
      the radioactive count at end diastole and end systole. The ratio of the ejection
      fractions was 1.15 +/- 0.18 in subjects without valvular disease compared to 2.66
      +/- 0.47 in patients with mitral regurgitation and normal coronary arteries, and
      2.50 +/- 1.28 in mitral regurgitation with coronary artery disease (no
      significant difference between these two sub-groups). When compared with
      angiographic quantification of the mitral regurgitation, the ratio of ejection
      fractions increased progressively with the severity of the leak: 1.81 +/- 0.44
      for grade I (9 cases), 2.37 +/- 0.80 for grade 2 (5 cases), 3.02 +/- 1.07 for
      grade 3 (4 cases) and 3.73 +/- 1.50 for grade 4 (5 cases). The differences
      between each sub-group are not statistically significant because of the small
      number of patients in each sub-group but all the values are significantly higher
      than the reference values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440500
TI  - [Value of an ergometric test for the assessment of cardiac failure].
AB  - Cardiac failure is usually defined according to clinical and haemodynamic
      criteria at rest although these patients are mainly symptomatic on effort. Is it
      possible to substitute or associate a more "objective" method to the NYHA
      functional classification such as exercise stress testing? If so, is there a
      correlation between these two types of classification and resting haemodynamic
      data; have they any predictive value of the patient's exercise capacity? Twenty
      two patients with severe cardiac failure (Class III or IV of the NYHA), 18 men
      and 4 women with a mean age of 58 years, underwent a triangular exercise stress
      test on a bicycle ergometer to 80 p. 100 or more of their theoretical maximal
      heart rate. The ergometric parameters chosen for the study were the maximal
      oxygen consumption or its value when limited by symptoms, the maximal work with
      respect to weight, the total duration of exercise and the percentage increase in
      systolic blood pressure. The haemodynamic parameters chosen were pulmonary
      capillary pressure, systolic index, ejection fraction and the velocity of
      circumferential fibre shortening. No correlation was found between the NYHA
      functional class and exercise capacity. A dissociated correlation was observed
      between exercise capacity and resting haemodynamic data. The best correlation was
      between systolic index and exercise capacity (work performed corrected for body
      weight, r = 0.70, p less than 0.01; oxygen consumption, r = 0.60, p less than
      0.01). After one month of treatment with a vasodilator (Prazosin) in 10 patients,
      the duration of exercise increased by 2.2 +/- 0.5 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6440501
TI  - [Cardiac stimulation in children. A multicenter study of 241 patients].
AB  - This study analyses the results of cardiac pacing in 241 children operated
      between 1965 and March 1982 in 9 french cardiac centres. The ages at primary
      implantation were: less than 5 years, 32.8 p. 100, 6 to 10 years, 33.6 p. 100 and
      11 to 16.5 years, 33.6 p. 100. Atrioventricular block was congenital in 40.7 p.
      100 of cases (98 children) and postoperative in 56.4 p. 100 (136 children) with
      67 cases, after repair of isolated ventricular septal defect and 18 after repair
      of an endocardial cushion defect. The symptoms preceding pacing were syncope (67
      cases), bradycardia (92 cases) and cardiac failure (33 cases). The
      electrocardiographic indications were third degree block in 66.8 p. 100 of cases.
      The pulse generators were usually implanted in the abdominal wall (71.8 p. 100).
      The power sources in service (August 1982) were lithium (74 p. 100) and isotopic
      batteries (26 p. 100). Myocardial electrodes were used in 93.4 p. 100 of cases;
      82.2 p. 100 were made by Medtronic. Early problems included: infection (10
      cases), displacement of endocavitary electrodes (3 cases), elevated thresholds (2
      cases). The late problems encountered were due to fracture of the pacing
      electrodes (19 cases) and elevated thresholds (50 cases). Two hundred and seven
      children are alive and well. A total of 341 pulse generators were implanted, 90
      p. 100 being VVI mode. In August 1982, 56.6 p. 100 were programmable or
      multiprogrammable. Despite the technical problems involved, the myocardial
      approach is still used with good results, especially in young children and
      babies. The endocavitary approach is an alternative after 5 years of
      age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440502
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of various methods of treatment of mitral valve diseases.
      Apropos of 4 series of 100 patients operated on using the Starr prosthesis, Bjork
      prosthesis, bioprosthesis and valve reconstruction].
AB  - The results of 4 groups of 100 patients undergoing mitral valvuloplasty (group
      I), isolated mitral valve replacement by a bioprosthesis (group II), a Starr
      Edwards prosthesis (group III) and a Bjork prosthesis (group IV) between 1974 and
      1977 were compared. The selection of patients for each group was identical and
      made according to strict criteria. The average age was between 47.1 +/- 12.5
      years and 51.8 +/- 10.5 years according to the particular group; the average
      functional classification was 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 2.5 +/- 0.6; the average
      cardiothoracic ratio was 0.58 +/- 0.07. Most patients were in atrial
      fibrillation. Ninety-seven per cent of patients were followed-up by
      questionnaires. The results were expressed with respect to simple clinical events
      used in all previously reported series. The long-term mortality was identical in
      the 3 groups undergoing valve replacement (40 p. 100 at 7 years) but was much
      less in the group undergoing valvuloplasty (18 p. 100 at 7 years). The mortality
      rate due to valvular problems was significantly less in the valvuloplasty group
      (2 p. 100 at 7 years) than in the groups with mechanical prostheses (20 p. 100 at
      7 years). Intermediate results were observed in the bioprosthetic group (9 p. 100
      at 7 years). Thrombo-embolism was significantly less common in the groups
      undergoing valvuloplasty and bioprosthetic valve replacement (2 p. 100 and 6 p.
      100 at 7 years) than in the group with Starr-Edwards and Bjork prostheses (30 p.
      100 and 32 p. 100 at 7 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440504
TI  - [Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium in 2 infants disclosed by arrhythmia].
AB  - Idiopathic right atrial dilatation is a rare and probably congenital
      malformation. Two new cases are reported, in an 18 months old infant and a six
      week old baby, both presenting with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Clinical
      examination was normal. Chest X-ray showed bulging of the right heart border and
      electrocardiography revealed partial right bundle branch block. The diagnosis was
      made by echocardiography which showed aneurysmal dilatation of the right atrium.
      There were no signs of valvular heart disease or of an intracardiac shunt; the
      septal tricuspid leaflet was in its normal position. M-mode recordings showed no
      signs of Ebstein's anomaly. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac
      catheterisation in the first case; this investigation seemed to be pointless in
      the second case. Both children experienced many episodes of supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias. The first developed tricuspid regurgitation but the second
      remains asymptomatic.

PMID- 6440503
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of a new positive inotropic agent (AR-L 115 BS) in ischemic
      and nonischemic myocardiopathies].
AB  - AR-L 115 BS is an imidazo-pyridine derivative with a positive inotropic action
      associated with peripheral and coronary vasodilatory properties. The effects of
      intravenous administration (a bolus of 0,45 mg/kg/min) were studied in 19
      patients in functional class III of the NYHA classification in the absence of any
      previous drug therapy. Twelve patients had a primary myocardiopathy and the other
      7 had coronary artery disease with akinetic anterior walls. A Swan-Ganz
      thermodilution catheter and a Millar microtransducer were used to measure
      pressures (pulmonary artery, left ventricular, aorta) and cardiac output under
      basal conditions and then every 2 minutes during intravenous administration of AR
      L 115 BS. Left ventriculography in the 30 degrees RAO plane was performed under
      basal conditions and at the end of the investigation to measure volumes, ejection
      fraction, volumic compliance and segmental wall motion by the Stanford method. A
      stable concentration of circulating AR-L 115 BS was obtained (1 500 ng/ml). The
      positive inotropic action of the drug was responsible for a significant increase
      of all ejectional indices (cardiac and systolic index X 24 p. 100, p less than
      0.01; ejection fraction +14 p. 100, p less than 0.01), of all indices of
      isometric contractility (dP/dt max +25 p. 100, velocity of contractile elements
      +35 p. 100, V max +30 p. 100 (p less than 0.01) and of the velocity of
      circumferential fibre shortening (+65 p. 100, p less than 0.001). All segmental
      shortening was improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440505
TI  - [Endocavitary His bundle fulguration in the treatment of resistant
      supraventricular arrhythmia].
AB  - Nine patients aged 47 to 74 years underwent endocavitary destruction of the
      bundle of His because of paroxysmal arrhythmias resistant to medical therapy.
      Four patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 2 had paroxysmal atrial
      flutter, 1 had reentrant atrial tachycardia, 1 had paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
      and 1 had an intranodal reentrant tachycardia. One patient had already undergone
      "surgical ablation" of the His bundle without success. A tripolar or bipolar
      catheter was introduced via the femoral vein and the His potential localised by
      bipolar and then unipolar recordings. The lead with the greatest His potential
      was connected to an external defibrillator and the other pole connected to a
      metal plaque positioned under the patient's left shoulder. An electrical shock of
      200 to 400 joules was administered, in some cases repeatedly. Eight of the 9
      patients developed complete atrioventricular block after the shock. This was only
      temporary in 3 cases, necessitating another shock in 2 cases; the procedure was
      not repeated in the 3rd case. After 30 minutes of persistent AV block a pacemaker
      was implanted; 7 of these 8 patients had VVI and I patient (intranodal reentry)
      DDD pacing. The follow-up period ranges from 1 to 18 months. None of the patients
      have had symptoms of paroxysmal arrhythmia; in the long-term, there was one
      initial failure. Of the other 8 cases, 4 remain in complete AV block, 2 have 2nd
      degree and 21st degree AV block. Three patients have associated antiarrhythmic
      therapy with quinidine or verapamil. No side effects were observed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440506
TI  - [Major thrombopenia during heparin therapy. Phenomenon of intravascular blood
      platelet aggregation].

PMID- 6440507
TI  - Regulation of the synthesis of hydrogenase (formate hydrogen-lyase linked) of E.
      coli.
AB  - The regulation of synthesis of the hydrogenase which is a component of the
      formate hydrogen-lyase complex was studied by means of a strain of Escherichia
      coli possessing a transcriptional fusion of the hydrogenase gene (hyd) with the
      lacZ gene (hyd::lac fusion). Formation of active hydrogenase in the wild strain
      requires the presence of nickel in the medium; transcription of the hyd gene,
      however, is independent from the presence of Ni2+. Ni2+ addition to Ni2+
      prestarved cells did not lead to any activation of presumptive hydrogenase
      apoprotein. Regulatory mutants were isolated in which nitrate repression of
      hyd::lac expression was relieved. Two main classes of regulatory mutants were
      identified: (i) Mutants with a defect in nitrate reductase; (ii) mutants with a
      cis-dominant regulatory mutation closely linked to the hyd::lac fusion. In the
      presence of formate which acts as an inducer, the hyd::lac fusion was also
      expressed under aerobic conditions. The results infer that nitrate repression of
      transcription of the hydrogenase structural gene is not effected by nitrate
      itself but requires the function of the electron transport chain leading to
      nitrate and that mutations in the promoter/operator region of the hyd cistron may
      confer insensitivity to redox control both by oxygen and nitrate.

PMID- 6440508
TI  - [Studies of 15N-labeled lysine in colostomized laying hens. 6. 15N incorporation
      into basic amino acids of the liver, kidney, meat, bones and remaining body as
      well as 15N balance].
AB  - Three colostomised laying hybrids received 91.40 mg L-lysine-15N-excess (15N')
      each over a period of four days in a metabolism experiment with 15N-labelled
      lysine. After another four days, during which the hens received the same rations
      supplemented by commercial L-lysine, the animals were butchered and divided into
      individual fractions. After the hydrochloric hydrolysis of the organs and tissues
      the heavy nitrogen of lysine, histidine and arginine were separated,
      quantitatively evaluated, processed and measured with an emission spectrometer.
      Atom-% 15N' on an average amounted to 0.20 in the liver, 0.16 in the kidneys,
      0.06 in the meat and 0.05 in the bones. Of the rediscovered 15N' applied, faeces
      contained 8.1%, urine 18.3%, the eggs 24.3%, the blood 4.9%, the meat 20.5%, the
      bones 5.2%, the gastro-intestinal tract with its contents 4.5%, the liver 3.5%,
      the kidneys 0.9%, the reproductive organs 3.7% and the rest 6.1%. The quota of
      rediscovery of the 15N' applied was 95.7%. 62% of the total 15N' was rediscovered
      in eggs, body and faeces as lysine 15N'. There was significantly more 15N' in the
      arginine in all fractions than in the histidine. The quota of the lysine-15N' of
      the total 15N' differed considerably in the fractions: less than 40% bones and
      blood; 48...56% gastro-intestinal tract, faeces, oviduct, kidneys; 62...63%
      remaining ovary, rest; 69...71% eggs, meat, liver. It could be proved that the
      alpha-amino group of lysine is to a large extent incorporated into other amino
      acids. Further proof that the amino acid metabolism proceeds in two phases was
      submitted, i.e. hight amounts of amino acids previously deposited in the body are
      used for egg synthesis.

PMID- 6440511
TI  - Reduction of covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 to rabbit liver DNA after
      immunization against this carcinogen.
AB  - The covalent binding of [3H]aflatoxin B1 (AF) to liver DNA was determined, 6 h
      after oral administration to male rabbits. A Covalent Binding Index, CBI (mumol
      AF/mol DNA-P)/(mmol AF/kg b.w.) = 8,500 was found. Pretreatment of rabbits with
      AF coupled to bovine serum albumin in Freund's adjuvant led to the production of
      AF-directed antibodies. Administration of [3H]AF to such immunized rabbits
      resulted in a CBI of only 2,500, i.e., the immunization provided a protection by
      a factor of more than 3. Although this is encouraging evidence for the potential
      of active immunization against genotoxic carcinogens, a number of points will
      have to be clarified, such as the time course for the DNA binding and the
      question of a possible shift to other target cells.

PMID- 6440509
TI  - The DNA repair host-mediated assay as a rapid and sensitive in vivo procedure for
      the determination of genotoxic factors present in various organs of mice. Some
      preliminary results with mitomycin C.
AB  - The DNA repair host-mediated assay, in which repairable DNA damage is determined
      in E. coli cells present in various organs of mice exposed to genotoxic agents,
      was further developed to broaden the range of organs under study and to simplify
      the procedure of assessing differential bacterial cell survival. A pair of
      derivatives of E. coli K-12 strain 343/113 was constructed which differed vastly
      in DNA repair capacity (uvr+/rec+ vs uvrB/recA), as a means of assessing DNA
      damaging effects; furthermore, the strains differed in their ability to ferment
      lactose (delta Lac vs Lac+), so that the individual survival of both strains
      could be determined on a single agar medium (containing neutral red as pH
      indicator), on which the strains had different colony colour morphology (red,
      Lac+ vs white, Lac- colonies). Finally, the strains were made streptomycin
      dependent, to prevent uncontrolled growth of the bacterial cells within the
      various organs and also to inhibit contamination of the survival agar medium by
      representatives of the normal intestinal microflora. The experimental procedure
      consisted of injecting mixtures of stationary cells of the two strains (ca. 3-5 X
      10(8) viable cells per mouse) both intravenously and orally into mice, either
      pretreated or subsequently treated with test chemicals. Ninety minutes after
      injection of the bacteria, the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, stomach, intestine,
      colon, and ca. 50 microliter blood, were removed, suspended in buffer,
      homogenized, and the survival of the two strains determined on neutral red agar
      supplemented with streptomycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440510
TI  - In vitro studies on the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and aldrin in testes of
      genetically different strains of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - As Drosophila melanogaster occupies an important position within the test battery
      for mutagens and carcinogens, it is of interest to study the xenobiotics
      metabolism of this insect. Likewise, the genetic control of these important
      enzyme systems falls within this interest. Our attempt was to get new strains,
      which show changes in their xenobiotics metabolism. This was done by a
      mutagenization and selection procedure for the second chromosome. The 44 fertile
      homozygous inbred strains produced by this selection were first tested for DDT
      resistance. Some of them showed LT50 values which were remarkably higher than
      that of the original strain Berlin K. Aflatoxin B1 metabolism in two of the new
      strains (H349 and H362), Berlin K, and Hikone-R was compared, whilst aldrin
      epoxidase activity was compared in strains H349, H362, Berlin K, vestigial, and
      Karsnas-R. The metabolism studies were carried out in vitro with testes tissue of
      the different strains. The metabolism in testes is of specific interest because
      this tissue is most often used in mutagenicity testing. In the AFB1 assays of the
      up to 12 observed metabolites three could be identified as AFB2a, AFM1, and AFR0.
      Hikone-R produced mostly AFR0 (3.43% of the initial AFB1 concentration) and small
      amounts of AFM1 (0.59% AF and AFB2a (0.36% AF). The strain Berlin K showed only a
      low production of AFB2a (0.48% AF), while the strain H349 formed AFR0 (6.02% AF)
      and AFM1 (0.75% AF). The AFM1 appeared in even higher amounts than with Hikone-R.
      On the other hand, H362 showed the lowest activity in AFB1 metabolism.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440512
TI  - Relationships between the pharmacokinetics of carbon tetrachloride conversion to
      carbon dioxide and chloroform and liver injury.
AB  - Rate and extent of CCl4 metabolism by pathways leading to CO2 and CHCl3 were
      evaluated by measuring the amounts of these metabolites exhaled during discrete
      intervals following six different doses of CCl4. Pulmonary pharmacokinetics of
      14CO2 and CHCl3 exhalation after CCl4 administration were compared with those
      after Na214CO3 and 14CHCl3 administration. Exhalation of 14CO2 metabolite
      declined more rapidly than expected after hepatotoxic doses of CCl4. This decline
      could be due to injury associated changes in the metabolism of CCl4.

PMID- 6440513
TI  - A biochemical basis for the gastrointestinal toxicity of non-steroid
      antirheumatoid drugs.
AB  - The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclo-oxygenase and therefore the
      biosynthesis of prostaglandins, and it has been proposed that this biochemical
      intervention is the basis not only of their therapeutic activity but also
      contributes to their gastrointestinal side-effects. Since endogenous
      prostaglandins may exert mucosal protective actions, inhibition of cyclo
      oxygenase by aspirin-like drugs would be expected to lead to gastric damage. The
      clinically-used anti-inflammatory compounds reduce prostaglandin levels in the
      experimental inflammatory exudate, but also inhibit prostacyclin formation in
      gastric tissue and induce gastric damage. In contrast, anti-inflammatory doses of
      sodium salicylate and an experimental drug BW755C (3-amino-1m-(trifluoromethyl)
      phenyl-2-pyrazoline) fail to inhibit gastric mucosal prostacyclin formation (but
      do reduce prostaglandin levels in the inflammatory exudate) and cause only
      minimal gastric damage, supporting the relationship between production of gastric
      erosions and the inhibition of mucosal prostacyclin production. Anti-inflammatory
      doses of BW755C also fail to inhibit prostaglandin formation in the small
      intestine. Furthermore, studies on homogenates of gastric mucosa and ileum show
      that sodium salicylate, paracetamol and BW755C are only weak inhibitors of
      gastric mucosal cyclo-oxygenase in vitro. The development of nonsteroid anti
      rheumatic drugs which have minimal action on prostaglandin production by the
      gastro-intestinal tract and exhibit reduced gastrointestinal toxicity, thus
      appears to be a feasible proposition.

PMID- 6440514
TI  - Circulating concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone in male rats after inhalation of methanol.
AB  - Male mature rats were examined for alterations in circulating free testosterone,
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) after inhalation
      of methanol vapour in a dynamic system for up to 6 weeks at doses ranging 200 ppm
      to 10,000 ppm. The most extensive effects were observed after exposure to 200 ppm
      of methanol for 6 weeks with serum testosterone concentrations being 32% of the
      controls. A significant change in LH concentration after exposure to 10,000 ppm
      of methanol for 6 weeks was also demonstrated. FSH remained unchanged throughout
      these experiments. Such exposure did not change the elimination rate of
      testosterone from blood which indicated effects on the testicular synthesis of
      testosterone.

PMID- 6440515
TI  - Sealants and their role in prevention.

PMID- 6440516
TI  - Overcoming obstacles to communication with elderly patients.

PMID- 6440517
TI  - Why probe?

PMID- 6440518
TI  - Annual Directory Arkansas State Dental Association. June 1984.

PMID- 6440519
TI  - Some useful prescriptions for the general practitioner.

PMID- 6440520
TI  - Interproximal contour of dental amalgam restorations.

PMID- 6440521
TI  - Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The extent of the problem.

PMID- 6440522
TI  - Synthesis and degradation of aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus. II.
      Comparative toxicity and mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 and its autolytic breakdown
      products.
AB  - A crude mycelial protein extract from a 16-day-old culture of A. parasiticus, on
      purification, lost 50% of its ability to degrade aflatoxin B1. The addition of
      hydrogen peroxide increased this activity to 97% of that of the crude extract.
      Ducklings dosed orally with aflatoxin extracts from 14- and 20-day-old cultures
      containing 46 micrograms or more of aflatoxin B1 developed enlarged livers,
      haemorrhaged and died in less than 10 days, giving and LD50 of 17.5 and 17.1
      micrograms aflatoxin B1 per 50 g body weight respectively for each extract. When
      pure aflatoxin B1 was mixed with either the crude or purified mycelial protein
      extract the aflatoxin B1 level was decreased by 29% as was the toxicity of the
      mixture. The main breakdown product of aflatoxin B1 was isolated and was shown to
      have an RF value of 0.34, was non-fluorescent, and was non-toxic for ducklings at
      oral doses as high as 400 micrograms per 50 g body weight. The mutagenic effect
      of aflatoxin B1 on Salmonella typhimurium was relative to its concentration. The
      main breakdown product of aflatoxin B1 was non-mutagenic.

PMID- 6440523
TI  - Reproductive biology of the Booroola Merino sheep.
AB  - This paper reviews the genetic and physiological characteristics of the Booroola
      Merino, one of the four most prolific sheep breeds in the world, and which was
      acquired by CSIRO in 1958 from a commercial sheep property, 'Booroola', Cooma,
      N.S.W. The exceptional prolificacy of this genotype--e.g. mean flock ovulation
      rate in 1982 of 4.2 (range 1-10) and mean litter size of 2.5 (range 1-7)--is
      largely attributable to a single gene (F) of uncertain origin which increases
      ovulation rate. Crosses of the Booroola with other Merinos produce progeny which
      have a 47-87% increase in ovulation rate, a 45-56% increase in litter size at
      birth, and a 1-33% reduction in lamb survival relative to control Merinos. This
      represents a 16-37% increase in the number of lambs weaned per ewe joined in
      favour of the Booroola crosses. The exact site of action of the F gene is not
      well established, although it is expressed primarily at the ovary, where more
      than the normal number of follicles mature and ovulate each oestrous cycle. This
      may result from some abnormality of the Booroola follicle itself or it may
      reflect differences in Booroola gonadotrophin secretion. There is some evidence
      that Booroola ewes have elevated plasma concentrations of follicle stimulating
      hormone (FSH) early in life and during the oestrous cycle, and that FSH
      concentrations in the pituitary gland and urine of the adult ewe are also high.
      These elevated FSH levels in the adult are attributed to an ovarian feedback
      deficiency, probably because the inhibin content of the Booroola ovary is only
      one-third that of normal Merino ovaries. The low inhibin content appears to be
      due to Booroola follicles having significantly fewer granulosa cells than control
      Merinos. Analogous studies of the prolific D'man sheep of Morocco point to FSH as
      the main correlate of prolificacy. The testis growth rate, testis size and total
      daily production of spermatozoa of the Booroola ram are similar to those of
      normal Merinos, as also are the endocrine characteristics of adult rams. The
      Booroola gene's expression is evidently sex-limited. Several theories concerning
      the mode of action of the F gene are being tested.

PMID- 6440524
TI  - Characterisation of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sheep.
AB  - Fleece rot isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were characterised in terms of
      biochemical reactions, serological typing and production of keratinase, lipase
      and the potentially dermal necrotic enzymes exotoxin A, protease, elastase
      phospholipase and lecithinase. The similarities generally obtained between these
      characteristics of isolates from sheep and man suggests a role for P. aeruginosa
      and mechanisms of pathogenesis in the development of the dermatitis associated
      with fleece rot.

PMID- 6440525
TI  - Craniofacial neurofibromatosis: a roentgen profile.

PMID- 6440526
TI  - Epilepsy and pregnancy.
AB  - A retrospective study of 75 pregnant epileptic women compared with a parity, age
      and socioeconomic matched control group of women is presented. Deterioration of
      control of epilepsy during pregnancy occurred in 24% of women. Statistically
      significant obstetric complications noted were anaemia, premature labour,
      premature rupture of the membranes and postpartum haemorrhage. There was 2.5-fold
      increase in the incidence of congenital anomalies in the neonates, an increase in
      feeding difficulties and a reduced incidence of jaundice. There was no maternal
      or perinatal death. Refinements in management may further reduce the maternal and
      fetal morbidity in epileptic women who choose to become pregnant.

PMID- 6440527
TI  - Infantile-acute acid maltase deficiency (Pompe's disease): studies of muscle
      cultures.
AB  - Muscle was cultured from a 7-month-old boy affected by generalized weakness,
      macroglossia, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly and increasing dyspnea. Muscle biopsy
      showed a vacuolar myopathy with glycogen accumulation (Pompe's disease). The
      muscle was cultured to verify whether the abnormality could be expressed in
      culture during myogenesis. In the living muscle cultures, phase-contrast
      microscopy revealed that myotubes as young as two weeks were vacuolated and that
      the vacuolization was higher in the older cultures compared to parallel control
      cultures. Fluorescent microscopy by acridine orange staining of the cultures
      showed a marked increase in acridine orange positive material (presumptive
      lysosomes) throughout the sarcoplasm. Electron microscopic data revealed
      myofibrillar destruction in the muscle biopsy and vacuolized cytoplasm in the
      Schwann cells. Cytochemically, the patient's myotubes stained very intensely for
      acid phosphatases. The increased acid phosphatase activity was quantitatively
      confirmed by cytophotometric evaluation performed on patient and control parallel
      myotubes. This is the first evidence that an increase in acid phosphatases has
      been quantitatively demonstrated in cultured muscle from a patient with acute
      infantile onset acid maltase deficiency (Pompe's disease) although the enzymatic
      activity was assayed at only one time of incubation.

PMID- 6440528
TI  - [Proteinase activity in the joint cartilage of sheep following mechanical
      arthrosis induction using an impulse stress instrument].

PMID- 6440529
TI  - [Persistence of Sarcocystis miescheriana cysts in the muscles of swine following
      a single or repeated infection].

PMID- 6440530
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the amount of larval serum protein-1 (LSP-1) synthesized
      by flies with different doses of the LSP-1 coding sequences.
AB  - Larval serum protein-1 (LSP-1) and LSP-2 are the major proteins of Drosophila
      larval serum. The amount of LSP-1 synthesized is strictly proportional to the
      number of LSP-1 genes present within the range 1-10. The normal number in female
      flies is 6. Flies with extreme amounts of LSP-1 were, by our criteria, as fit as
      the wild type. The ratio of LSP-2:LSP-1 was analyzed in 169 different stocks and
      was constant in 164 of these. The significantly different ratios in five stocks
      were all due to the lack of one of the LSP-1 gene products.

PMID- 6440531
TI  - Novel carbonic anhydrase (Car-2) allele in Spanish mice.
AB  - A unique electrophoretic form of carbonic anhydrase is characteristic of some
      laboratory-maintained mice of the wild mouse species Mus spretus. This isozyme
      has been characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and by isoelectric
      focusing. It is proposed that this isozyme be called CAR-2C and that its encoding
      allele be designated Car-2c. Fertile hybrids of Mus spretus and C57BL/6J (Car-2a)
      show both CAR-2A and CAR-2C bands of approximately equal intensity. The CAR-2C
      isozyme is readily identified by electrophoresis on 75-mm cellulose acetate
      strips because it migrates significantly faster than the isozymes of inbred mice,
      the CAR-2A and CAR-2B that do not separate from one another under standard
      conditions. Isoelectric focusing cleanly resolves all three of these CAR-2 forms.
      Mus hortulanus, although closely related to Mus spretus in other biochemical
      genetic characteristics, has a CAR-2-homologous isozyme that is distinctly
      different from the CAR-2C of Mus spretus and from the isozymes of the common
      inbred strains.

PMID- 6440532
TI  - Gluconeogenesis from threonine in normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - L-[U-14C]Threonine was infused at a steady rate to non-anaesthetized rats starved
      for 1 or 3 days and to diabetic rats starved for 1 day. The rates of turnover of
      threonine, calculated from the equilibrium specific radioactivity (SA) of plasma
      threonine, were 5.79 +/- 1.00, 11.67 +/- 1.43 and 13.35 +/- 1.85 mumol/min per kg
      body wt. in 1-day-starved, 3-day-starved and diabetic rats respectively. The
      calculated turnover rate of threonine agreed well with the rate expected from the
      rate of protein turnover reported in the literature. The equilibrium SA of plasma
      alanine was 5.1-9.8% of that of threonine in the three groups of rats. The
      equilibrium SA of glucose was 1.42 and 2.90% of that of threonine in 1-day- and 3
      day-starved rats respectively. From the non-equilibrium SA of glucose, it is
      estimated that a higher percentage of 14C atoms is transferred from threonine to
      glucose in diabetic than in non-diabetic rats. In spite of increases in
      gluconeogenesis from threonine in long-starved or diabetic rats, we conclude that
      threonine remains a minor contributor to plasma glucose. Since it is an essential
      amino acid, its turnover and contribution to the formation of plasma glucose is
      an index of catabolism and gluconeogenesis from tissue protein.

PMID- 6440533
TI  - Glucose metabolism in the extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus
      solfataricus.
AB  - Sulfolobus solfataricus is a thermophilic archaebacterium able to grow at 87
      degrees C and pH 3.5 on glucose as sole carbon source. The organism metabolizes
      glucose by two main routes. The first route involves an ATP-dependent
      phosphorylation to give glucose 6-phosphate, which readily isomerizes to fructose
      6-phosphate. In the second route, glucose is converted into gluconate by an NAD+
      dependent dehydrogenation; gluconate is then dehydrated to 2-keto-3
      deoxygluconate, which, in turn, is cleaved to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde. Each
      metabolic step has been tested in vitro at 70 degrees C on dialysed homogenates
      or partially purified fractions; minimal requirements of single enzymes have been
      evaluated. Identification of the intermediates is based on chromatographic,
      spectroscopic and/or synthetic evidence and on specific enzymic assays. The
      oxidative breakdown of glucose to pyruvate occurring in S. solfataricus differs
      from the Entner-Doudoroff pattern in that there is an absence of any
      phosphorylation step.

PMID- 6440534
TI  - Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane. Effects of monensin, vinblastine,
      swainsonine and glucosamine on the processing and assembly of endopeptidase-24.11
      and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in pig kidney slices.
AB  - The effects of various inhibitors were studied on the biogenesis of endopeptidase
      24.11 (EC 3.4.24.11) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) in slices of renal
      cortex, from piglets of the Yucatan strain, maintained in organ culture. These
      microvillar peptidases were synthesized within membrane compartments and
      underwent glycosylation to yield high-mannose and complex forms [the preceding
      paper, Stewart & Kenny (1984) Biochem. J. 224, 549-558]. Monensin caused very
      gross ultrastructural changes in the proximal-tubular cells, resulting from
      distension of the Golgi sacs. It blocked the processing of the high-mannose to
      the complex glycosylated forms of the peptidases and prevented their assembly in
      the microvillar membrane. Swainsonine, an inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase II,
      generated new 'hybrid' forms of the proteins, intermediate in Mr between the high
      mannose and the complex forms, but did not prevent assembly of the hybrid forms
      in microvilli. Vinblastine, an agent that affects microtubules, delayed, but did
      not abolish, either the processing or the transport to microvilli. Glucosamine
      interfered with the initial glycosylation reactions and generated heterogeneous
      sets of partially glycosylated polypeptides of lower Mr than the high-mannose
      forms. These results are discussed in relation to the site and mechanism of
      glycosylation and the involvement of the Golgi complex and microtubules in the
      biogenesis of these membrane peptidases.

PMID- 6440535
TI  - Significance of sympathetic nervous system for the central antiarrhythmic effect
      of prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha and I2 on aconitine induced cardiac arrhythmias in
      rats.

PMID- 6440536
TI  - Myocardial lipid peroxidation during isoproterenol-induced blood flow reduction
      in rat myocardium.
AB  - The injection of 50 mg/kg isoproterenol into rats induced a temporary initial
      myocardial ischemia characterized by myocardial blood flow decrease, anaerobic
      glycolysis, hypoxia, and energy depression. Simultaneously, the free fatty acid
      content increased, the content of free arachidonic acid, conjugated dienes, and
      lipid soluble fluorescence was reduced in the myocardium. The initial alterations
      could not be affected by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment. The application of
      acetylsalicylic acid prevented the fluorescence loss and diminished
      thiobarbituric acid reactivity. Under the used experimental conditions an
      intensified nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation cannot be demonstrated in the
      isoproterenol-induced acute ischemic myocardium. The assumption of a pathogenic
      role of myocardial free fatty acid accumulation is supported.

PMID- 6440537
TI  - Studies on the effect of a chemical sympathectomy on the enzyme pattern in the
      heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed diets supplemented with
      different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).

PMID- 6440538
TI  - Formation of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid by
      brain tissue.
AB  - Rat brain slices released spontaneously and after challenge with A23187 LTC4-like
      radioimmunoactivity. Total cat brain ischemia followed by short postischemic
      reperfusion period resulted in the increased release of lipid peroxides and PGE2
      but not in LTC4-like substance by brain slices. In lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of
      patients with completed stroke presence of LTC4-like material was observed.

PMID- 6440539
TI  - Prostacyclin, its fatty acid precursor and its metabolites on the inotropic
      function of and on the prostanoid generation by diabetic arteries.
AB  - Relationships between arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and contractile responses
      to Na arachidonate (NaA) to prostacyclin (PGI2) and to some of its metabolites,
      in mesenteric arteries, isolated from sham operated and from diabetic, totally
      pancreatectomized dogs; were studied. Arachidonate and prostacyclin enhanced the
      resting basal tone of preparations from pancreatectomized animals but depressed
      it in vessels from intact normal controls or from sham operated dogs. Inhibitors
      of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) biosynthesis, abolished in vitro the vasoconstring
      effect of NaA and PGI2 in diabetics; whereas inhibitors of PGI2 biosynthesis
      blocked the vasodilating influence of NaA in normal mesenterics. Additionally,
      antagonists of cyclooxygenase activity precluded both, the vasoconstricting and
      vasodilating actions of NaA in normal and in diabetic arteries, respectively, as
      well as the PGI2 tone enhancement in vessels from diabetics. Blockers of
      adrenoreceptors and antagonists of lipoxygenases, failed to block the positive
      inotropic effects of PGI2 in mesenterics from diabetic dogs. On the other hand, 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha did not evoke contractile influences, either in diabetics or in
      controls, whereas 6-keto-PGE1 induced, in both groups, a dose-dependent
      relaxation. In arteries from pancreatectomized animals treated with insulin, PGI2
      induced a biphasic effect (constriction and relaxation) of magnitudes between
      those seen in normal controls or sham operated and, in untreated diabetics. The
      basal radioconversion of exogenous [1-14C]-AA, evidenced that mesenterics from
      diabetic animals generated more TXB2 than vessels from intact normal control or
      from sham-operated dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440540
TI  - Influence of vitamin C on the metabolism of arachidonic acid and the development
      of aortic lesions during experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.
AB  - Feeding rabbits a cholesterol-rich diet (0.3%) resulted in morphological changes
      and a decrease in the prostacyclin production by the aortic endothelium. Addition
      of vitamin C (0.1%) to the cholesterol-rich diet resulted in a decreased lipid
      infiltration and intimal thickening. Although there was a tendency to restore the
      prostacyclin output, vitamin C, in the amount administered, was unable to
      completely normalise the endothelial PGI2 production.

PMID- 6440541
TI  - Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and PGI2 on the adrenergic contractions of
      isolated rabbit arteries.
AB  - The effect of three cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, suprofen,
      meclofenamic acid) and PGI2 on the contractile responses to noradrenaline (NA)
      and to nerve stimulation (TNS) of strips of rabbit coeliac-, pulmonary-, ear-,
      carotid-, femoral arteries and the aorta were studied. The equipotent
      concentration (0.1 X EC50) of NA were calculated from dose-response curves. The
      stimulation parameters (Hz, duration) varied according to the responsiveness of
      the tissue. Both NA and TNS caused 7-23% of maximum response. In the presence of
      cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COI's) NA and TNS produced significantly greater
      proportion (15-30%) of maximum contraction in coeliac-, ear-, and pulmonary
      arteries. Contractions of the other 3 vessels were not influenced by COI's. The
      inhibitory potency of PGI2 was determined on contractions produced by equipotent
      concentration (EC50) of NA. PGI2 was highly effective in coeliac arteries, it was
      less potent in pulmonary- and ear arteries and had no effect on the responses of
      the other vessels.

PMID- 6440542
TI  - Cardiovascular and electrophysiological analysis of a selective vasodilatory
      prostacyclin analogue, 5-nitro-PGI1.
AB  - 5-nitro-PGI1 is a selective vasodilatory analogue of prostacyclin which has not
      antiaggregatory potency. We examined the hemodynamics, antiaggregatory and
      electrophysiological effects of 5-nitro-PGI1, comparing them with those of PGI2
      Na and nitroglycerin (NG). In anaesthetized open-chest cat and dog, PGI2-Na, 5
      nitro-PGI1 and NG reduced the mean blood pressure (BP), BPsyst, BPdiast, left
      ventricular pressure, dp/dtmax, coronary resistance, while their effect on heart
      rate, on cardiac output was inconsistent. ED50 values of BP lowering effect of
      PGI2-Na, 5-nitro-PGI1 and NG were 4.6 X 10(-10), 3.9 X 10(-10) and 6 X 10(
      10)(M), respectively. IC50 values on ADP (10 microM) induced aggregation in
      rabbit platelet rich plasma of PGI2-Na, 5-nitro-PGI1 and NG were 5 X 10(-9), 3.5
      X 10(-4), 3.75 X 10(-3) (M), respectively. The transmembrane action potential
      (AP) characteristics were not changed significantly by 10(-6)M 5-nitro-PGI1.
      Higher concentrations (10(-5), 10(-6)M) slightly reduced the resting potential
      (RP) and maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of AP and shortened AP duration. NG in 10(
      6)M caused a slight hyperpolarization, while higher concentrations (10(-5), 10(
      4)M) shortened only AP duration. PGI2-Na in all concentration studied (1.6 X 10(
      6) -10(-4)M) caused a slight hyperpolarization, increased potently Vmax but
      shortened AP duration only in high concentration. The results show that 5-nitro
      PGI1 exerted the same hemodynamic effect as PGI2-Na and NG; practically failed to
      exert antiaggregatory activity; and had similar electrophysiological effects to
      NG.

PMID- 6440543
TI  - Effect of antirheumatics and inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenases and
      thromboxane synthetase on cobra venom factor rat paw edema.
AB  - The cobra venom factor (CVF) rat paw edema was inhibited by cyclooxygenase
      (indomethacin, piroxicam, aspirin), lipoxygenase (BW 755c) and thromboxane
      synthetase (imidazole) inhibitors as well as by dexamethasone and, at high doses,
      by paracetamol and phenacetin. No definite results were obtained with slow acting
      antirheumatic drugs (D-penicillamine, levamisole, gold thiosulphate,
      chloroquine), since results varied considerably. The results are shortly
      discussed, with respect to the role of arachidonate lipoxygenase products as well
      as O-radicals.

PMID- 6440544
TI  - On the nature of the vasoreactivity depressing factor (VDF) in inflammation and
      anaphylaxis in the rat and mouse.
AB  - In anaphylactic paw edema the reactivity of blood vessels to norepinephrine in
      the isolated perfused hind legs of rats and mice is reduced. A vasoreactivity
      depressing factor was postulated and searched for. PAF-acether, histamine and
      lipoxygenase products were found as being possibly responsible for depression of
      the vascular reactivity.

PMID- 6440546
TI  - The possible biological importance of lipoxygenase pathway in aorta endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Cultured calf aortic endothelial cells metabolize exogenous 1-[14C] arachidonic
      acid via the lipoxygenase pathway to 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and
      dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid(s). Disruption of the cells by freezing and
      thawing strongly increases the formation of lipoxygenase metabolites. Under these
      conditions mainly 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid was formed in addition to 12
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. From the calculation of the specific radioactivity
      of the lipoxygenase products formed it was concluded that not only the exogenous
      but also endogenous arachidonic acid released from intracellular sources such as
      phospholipids, triglycerides or cholesterol esters is oxygenated. The possible
      biological significance of the lipoxygenase metabolites is discussed.

PMID- 6440545
TI  - Regulatory action of cholesterol esters on the eicosanoid metabolism.
AB  - The influence of cholesterol esters (CE) on the formation of prostacyclin (PGI2)
      and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) depends on the concentration of the added CE and the
      fatty acid, esterified in the CE. Our results demonstrate that the formation of
      eicosanoids depends on the CE composition in the microenvironment of the enzymes.
      Therefore we suggest that the influence of elevated CE levels on the development
      of atherosclerosis may be also mediated by their influence on the eicosanoid
      metabolism.

PMID- 6440547
TI  - The influence of PAF on the metabolization of arachidonic acid by human blood
      platelets.
AB  - The cooperative action of PAF and arachidonic acid, collagen or the divalent
      cation ionophore A 23 187 was studied in human platelet-rich plasma. Besides an
      augmentation of the platelet aggregation also increased amounts of thromboxane B2
      and malondialdehyde are generated. Both effects are inhibited by aspirin
      indicating that the cyclooxygenase pathway plays a major role in the synergistic
      platelet activation.

PMID- 6440548
TI  - Aqueous extracts of onion, garlic and ginger inhibit platelet aggregation and
      alter arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - Aqueous extracts of onion, garlic and ginger inhibited platelet aggregation
      induced by several aggregation agents, including arachidonate (AA), in a dose
      dependent manner. While onion and garlic extracts were found to be weak
      inhibitors of platelet thromboxane synthesis, ginger extract inhibited the
      platelet cyclooxygenase products and this effect correlated well with its
      inhibitory effects on the platelet aggregation induced by the above aggregation
      agents. These two effects were dose-dependent. Although the three aqueous
      extracts inhibited the biosynthesis of 6-keto-F1 alpha in rat aortic rings from
      labelled AA, they did not reduce prostacyclin production from endogenous AA pool
      in aortic rings. Aqueous ginger extract was extracted into three organic solvents
      in order of increasing polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate). An
      analysis of the n-hexane extract revealed at least three clearly separated TLC
      bands containing materials that inhibited platelet thromboxane generation
      simultaneously increasing lipoxygenase products (HETE). The results indicate that
      if the same were happening in vivo, onion, garlic and ginger could be useful as
      natural antithrombotic materials.

PMID- 6440549
TI  - Effect of molsidomine, an anti-anginal drug, on arachidonic acid metabolism in
      human platelets.
AB  - Sin-1, an active metabolite of molsidomine which antagonizes platelet
      aggregation, was tested upon the oxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) in these
      cells. While Sin-1 did not affect the formation of oxygenated derivatives of
      exogenous AA, it decreased markedly that of endogenous AA when platelets were
      triggered with thrombin or the calcium ionophore A23187. These results indicate
      that Sin-1 is an inhibitor of the liberation of AA from platelet phospholipids
      presumably by inhibiting phospholipase activity itself.

PMID- 6440550
TI  - The inactivation of lipoxygenases by acetylenic fatty acids.
AB  - 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) inactivates irreversibly the lipoxygenases
      from soybeans and reticulocytes in a time-dependent manner. 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic
      acid (ETrYA) is a powerful inactivator only for reticulocyte lipoxygenase.
      Several types of experimental evidence indicate that the acetylenic fatty acids
      act as suicidal substrates which are converted during the lipoxygenase reaction
      probably to allene hydroperoxides. These highly reactive intermediates or radical
      precursors react immediately with a methionine residue at the active centre of
      the enzyme forming one methionine sulfoxide per molecule. Experiments with 14C
      labelled ETYA-methylester show that despite complete enzyme inactivation no
      covalent binding of the suicidal substrate to the lipoxygenases occurred.

PMID- 6440551
TI  - Dependence of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolization in human blood platelets on
      reduced coenzymes.
AB  - In human platelets the metabolization of AA is linked to a consumption of the
      reduced coenzymes NADPH and GSH which can be attributed to about 70% to the
      cyclooxygenase (CO) and to about 30% to the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. In GSH
      depleted platelets the conversion of AA in the LO pathway to 12-HETE is strongly
      impaired, whereas the formation of the stable CO products from exogenous AA is
      not decreased, but accelerated. When platelets are deprived from GSH by oxidation
      to GSSG, the release of endogenous AA from phospholipids in activated platelets
      is inhibited.

PMID- 6440552
TI  - The membrane signal in human leukocyte: evidence for a calcium-dependent
      potassium permeability in A 23187-induced-triggering of arachidonate cascade.

PMID- 6440553
TI  - Platelet prostanoids in interaction of platelets with collagen substrates. II.
      Effects of exogenous arachidonic acid, stable PG endoperoxides analogue, and
      aspirin.
AB  - The effects of (i) the exogenous arachidonic acid (AA), (ii) stable PG
      endoperoxide analogue U46619, and (iii) cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin on the
      interaction of platelets with a surface coated with commercial fibrillar calf
      skin collagen (CSC) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. AA and
      U46619 stimulate massive spreading of platelets on the CSC substrate and
      formation of the surface-bound multilayer (thrombi-like) aggregates. The
      stimulation of spreading and formation of thrombi-like aggregates induced by AA
      correlate with the TXA2 synthesis in platelets. Unlike AA, U46619 induces these
      processes without transformation into TXA2 and stimulation of its synthesis in
      platelets. Aspirin prevents the AA-induced platelet spreading, formation of the
      surface-bound thrombi-like aggregates, and TXA2 synthesis. In the absence of
      soluble platelet inducers, aspirin decreases the CSC substrate-induced disc -
      sphere transformation and spreading of platelets, but doesn't affect the initial
      attachment of platelets to the CSC substrate.

PMID- 6440554
TI  - Influence of aspirin, molsidomine, trapidil, and some trapidil derivatives on
      arachidonic acid induced reversible thrombocyte aggregation in the rabbit.
AB  - For testing antiaggregatory activity of substances in vivo we used transient
      decrease of circulating platelet number in rabbit blood after rapid i. v.
      injection of arachidonic acid (AA) as sign of increased thrombocyte aggregates
      within the tissues. We tested aspirin, molsidomine, trapidil, and 6 trapidil
      derivatives. Antiaggregatory effects of aspirin, molsidomine, and trapidil
      confirm former reports and reliability of the used model. 4 trapidil derivatives
      were effective in doses lower than trapidil itself.

PMID- 6440555
TI  - Influence of trapidil derivatives on arachidonic acid- and prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analogue- induced platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 formation.
AB  - Five selected trapidil derivatives (12456, 12460, 12463, 12464, 12465) inhibited
      the arachidonic acid(AA)- and prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue(U-46619)-
      induced platelet aggregation as well as the AA- induced thromboxane A2(TXA2)
      formation. These effects of the derivatives were generally more markedly
      expressed than those of trapidil.

PMID- 6440556
TI  - Is gamma-camera imaging of platelet deposition useful to assess the effectiveness
      of prostacyclin treatment?
AB  - Platelet labeling with 111-In-oxinesulfate allows visualization of platelet
      deposition in the vascular bed. Scintigraphic studies were performed in 6
      patients with "active" (PUR greater than 1.20) and 8 patients with "inactive"
      (PUR less than 1.20) atherosclerotic lesions of the femoral artery. Platelet
      deposition was also studied in 11 patients with implanted prosthetic vascular
      grafts and in 21 patients with an abnormal aneurysm of the aorta. Infusing 5
      ng/kg/min PGI2 during 6 hours for 5 days into patients with "active"
      atherosclerosis and aneurysms of the aorta resulted in a significant decrease of
      platelet deposition even after having stopped the infusion. There was no
      influence of PGI2 on PUR in patients with "inactive" lesions. The group of
      patients with implanted prosthetic grafts demonstrated also a significant
      decrease of PUR values during the PGI2-infusion, but reached baseline values soon
      after stopping the infusion. When platelet deposition is increased gamma-camera
      imaging provides valuable date on the influence of any kind of therapy on the in
      vivo platelet function.

PMID- 6440557
TI  - Exercise, ethanol and arachidonic acid metabolism in healthy men.

PMID- 6440558
TI  - Influence of leukotriene C4 on aggregation and on malondialdehyde formation of
      human blood platelets.
AB  - The effect of leukotriene C4 on arachidonic acid-induced aggregation and on
      malondialdehyde formation of human blood platelets was studied. LTC4 (7.2 - 48.3
      mumol . 1(-1] inhibited the platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner
      (IC50: 30 mumol . 1(-1]. LTC4 prolonged the lag phase between addition of
      arachidonic acid and onset of aggregation. Simultaneously the malondialdehyde
      formation was enhanced by LTC4. By using high doses of LTC4 the malondialdehyde
      formation was nearly complete at the beginning of the delayed platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 6440559
TI  - Characterization and N-terminal sequence of a degradation product of 14,000
      molecular weight isolated from human pancreatic juice.
AB  - Chromatography of human pancreatic juice has allowed the isolation of an inactive
      protein of 14,000 Mr (protein X) and the determination of its amino acid
      composition and N-terminal sequence. Protein X was found to be immunologically
      identical to the protein extracted from precipitates present in the pancreatic
      juices of patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis and recently shown to be
      a degradation product of trypsinogen 1. The same chromatography performed in the
      presence of lima bean trypsin inhibitor has permitted the isolation of precursors
      of approximately congruent to 19,000 Mr which can be transformed into protein X
      "in vitro" by chymotrypsin hydrolysis. These results emphasize the easy
      activation of human pancreatic zymogens and the possible consequences due to
      proteolysis in pancreatic disease.

PMID- 6440560
TI  - Resolution and absolute configuration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene 5,6
      epoxide enantiomers.
AB  - The enantiomers of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) 5,6-epoxide were
      directly resolved by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with an
      ionically bonded chiral stationary phase. The absolute configurations of the
      resolved enantiomers were determined by comparison of circular dichroism spectra
      of the methanolysis products formed from the epoxide enantiomers with that of a
      DMBA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol enantiomer of known absolute stereochemistry. DMBA
      5R,6S-epoxide is hydrated by rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase predominantly
      (95%) to a 5S,6S-dihydrodiol. The results indicate that the 5S,6S-dihydrodiol
      formed from the metabolism of DMBA by microsomes prepared from the livers of 3
      methylcholanthrene-treated rats is predominantly derived from a 5R,6S-epoxide
      intermediate.

PMID- 6440561
TI  - Growth hormone-releasing factor from ovine and caprine hypothalamus: isolation,
      sequence analysis and total synthesis.
AB  - Peptides with high intrinsic growth hormone releasing activity (growth hormone
      releasing factor, GRF) were isolated from 2100 ovine and 2600 caprine (goat)
      hypothalami by means of acid extraction, immunoaffinity chromatography, gel
      filtration and reverse phase HPLC. Structural characterization of the 44 amino
      acid ovine peptide by gas-liquid phase sequencing and peptide mapping established
      its primary structure as Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser -Tyr-Arg-Lys-Ile-Leu
      Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met -Asn -Arg-Gln-Gln-GLy-Glu-Arg
      Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Gly-Ala-Lys-Val-Arg-Leu-NH2. Caprine GRF was found to possess the
      same sequence except for the replacement of the isoleucine residue in position 13
      with valine and thus is identical to bovine GRF.

PMID- 6440562
TI  - Effects of A23187 and Ca2+ on volume- and thiol-stimulated, ouabain-resistant
      K+C1- fluxes in low K+ fluxes in low K+ sheep erythrocytes.
AB  - Ouabain-resistant (OR), C1- -dependent K+ (K+C1-) transport measured by Rb+
      influx in isosmotic and anisosmotic media was stimulated by the Ca2+ ionophore
      A23187 and EGTA (ethylene-glycol-tetracetic acid) in low K+ (LK) but not in high
      K+ (HK) sheep red cells. Increasing external Ca2+ concentrations, [Ca2+]o, from
      about 10(-7) to 10(-3)M in presence of A23187 and in absence of EGTA inhibited OR
      Rb+ influx, in LK red cells osmotically shrunken or swollen as well as treated
      with the thiol reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Hence the volume- and the NEM
      stimulated K+C1- transport system in LK cells can be experimentally modulated by
      cellular Ca2+ or other Me2+, which may interact with sites on the K+C1-
      transporter under the control of membrane sulfhydryl (SH) groups.

PMID- 6440563
TI  - Rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor: isolation, sequence analysis
      and total synthesis.
AB  - Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) was isolated from acid extracts of
      approximately 35,000 rat hypothalami by means of immunoaffinity chromatography,
      gel filtration and two steps of reverse-phase HPLC. Amino acid analysis, gas
      liquid phases sequencing and peptide mapping established that rat GRF is a 43
      amino acid peptide with the amino acid sequence His-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Ser
      Ser-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Ile-Leu-Gly- Gln-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-His-Glu-Ile-Met-Asn
      Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly- Glu-Arg-Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Arg-Ser-Arg-Phe-Asn-OH, confirming the
      primary structure reported earlier (Spiess et al Nature 303, 532 (1983).

PMID- 6440564
TI  - Spasmogenic activity of C5adesArg anaphylatoxin on guinea pig lung parenchymal
      strips: sensitivity of the leukotriene-mediated component to cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors.
AB  - The leukotriene-dependent component of C5adesArg-induced contractile activity on
      guinea pig lung parenchymal strips is inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
      Indomethacin simultaneously increased leukotriene release while inhibiting both
      cyclooxygenase-dependent mediator release and the contractile force generated.
      Tissue responses to LTC4 and LTD4 are also inhibited by cyclooxygenase blockade,
      while contractions induced by the thromboxane A2 analog, U-46619, histamine or
      acetylcholine are not affected. These data indicate a functional role for
      cyclooxygenase metabolites in leukotriene-induced contractile responses in lung.

PMID- 6440565
TI  - [Intracavitary chemotherapy of S 180 ascites sarcoma in mice with 4-(S-ethanol)
      sulfido-cyclophosphamide in combination with protector thiols].
AB  - The experimental and pharmacokinetic basis for the local chemotherapy of body
      cavities with 4-(S-ethanol)-sulfido-cyclophosphamide (P1), a stable derivative of
      activated cyclophosphamide (CP), was evaluated on the S 180 ascites sarcoma in
      mice. The severe local toxicity of P1 observed after intraperitoneal
      administration was markedly reduced by increasing the injection volume (belly
      bath) without significant loss of cytotoxic activity on the S 180 tumor.
      Simultaneous application of L-cysteine as a "protector thiol" resulted in further
      reduction of toxicity without significantly decreasing the cytotoxic effect on
      tumor cells. Thus the therapeutic index was increased (2.5 fold) by the
      combination of belly bath and protection by L-cysteine, contrary to 2
      mercaptoethane sulfonic acid sodium salt (Mesna) as protector thiol which reduced
      both the acute toxicity and the curative effectiveness of P1. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters were determined by measuring the concentrations of P1 and 4
      hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP), carboxyphosphamide and 4-ketocyclophosphamide
      in blood and peritoneal fluid. As a result of these measurements the reduction of
      toxicity of P1 after high volume i.p. administration is due to increased
      enzymatic detoxification of 4-OH-CP to 4-ketocyclophosphamide and
      carboxyphosphamide. The effect of L-cysteine on the toxicity of P1 is mainly the
      consequence of transmercaptalisation of P1 to 4-(S-cysteine)-sulfido-CP. By this
      reaction formation of the toxic 4-OH-CP in the peritoneal cavity is diminished,
      and the peritoneal clearance of "activated" CP reduced.

PMID- 6440566
TI  - The use of heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography to separate two distinct
      lipoproteins from the low density lipoprotein fraction of rat plasma.
AB  - Heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography resolved rat lipoproteins isolated in
      the density range 1.019-1.063 g/ml into two distinct fractions. The first, which
      eluted with 150 mM NaCl, was shown by immunodiffusion and by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis to contain predominantly apo E. On this basis the major
      lipoprotein present is identified as high density lipoprotein1 (HDL1). The
      second, eluted with 325 mM NaCl, contains predominantly apoprotein B by the same
      techniques. The main lipoprotein present is therefore identified as low density
      lipoprotein (LDL). The lipid composition of the two lipoproteins is similar. Both
      are rich in cholesterol ester, with a free to ester cholesterol ratio of about 1
      to 2.5. From lipid and protein analyses on the two fractions, the plasma
      concentrations of HDL1 and LDL can be calculated to be about 14 and 12 mg/100 ml,
      respectively. Their mean diameters are 13 +/- 2 nm and 18 +/- 5 nm, respectively.

PMID- 6440567
TI  - More on the enlargement of high density lipoproteins induced by incubation of
      human serum.

PMID- 6440568
TI  - Diagnosis related groups and emergency medicine.

PMID- 6440570
TI  - Diagnosis related groups and emergency medicine.

PMID- 6440571
TI  - Alternative forms of emergency care: the Arizona experience.
AB  - Federal, state, and county governments, along with the medical community, are
      continually attempting to find ways to curtail rising health care costs. Prepaid
      capitated health care systems have been devised and implemented in an attempt to
      control these costs. The Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) is
      an experimental system being tried in Arizona in an attempt to stabilize expenses
      within the Medicaid system.

PMID- 6440569
TI  - The potential role of thromboxane and prostacyclin in endotoxic and septic shock.
AB  - The potential role of thromboxane (TxA2), a platelet aggregator and
      vasoconstrictor, and prostacyclin (PGI2) a platelet anti-aggregator and
      vasodilator, in endotoxic and septic shock was investigated. Early endotoxic
      shock in the rat is associated with marked elevations of plasma TxB2 (the stable
      metabolite of TxA2) and lesser increases in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable
      metabolite of PGI2). Selective inhibition of TxA2 synthesis by several different
      chemical classes of Tx synthetase inhibitors was beneficial in endotoxic shock.
      In contrast, shock induced by acute intra-abdominal sepsis in the rat was
      characterized by high levels of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, which exceeded plasma
      TxA2 six- to eight fold at most time intervals studied. Tx synthetase inhibitors
      were not protective in this model of acute sepsis, but treatment with fatty acid
      cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, an antibiotic (gentamicin), or reduction in
      arachidonic acid metabolism by essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency
      significantly prolonged survival time. An important aspect of the latter study is
      that decreased arachidonic acid metabolism was an effective adjunct to antibiotic
      therapy. Conjoint administration of gentamicin in EFA-deficient rats or with
      indomethacin synergistically improved long-term survival, a result that was not
      evident with single treatment interventions. In addition to experimental studies,
      plasma TxB2 levels were measured during clinical sepsis. These studies
      demonstrated that plasma TxB2 levels were elevated tenfold in patients dying of
      septic shock compared with septic survivors or nonseptic controls. These
      composite experimental and clinical observations suggest that arachidonic acid
      metabolites play a role in the pathogenesis of endotoxic and septic shock.

PMID- 6440572
TI  - Corticosteroid response in chronic lung disease of prematurity.
AB  - The medical records of 23 infants with stable chronic lung diseases of
      prematurity who were treated with corticosteroids during the second month of life
      were reviewed. Thirteen (56.5%) had significant improvement in lung function as
      evidenced by a mean decrease in delta AaPO2 of 49.5% and a mean decrease in PaCO2
      of 15.4%. These proved to be long-lasting effects. Infants who responded to
      corticosteroids had significantly lower mean gestational age, birthweight, and
      percent loss of birthweight when compared with the infants who did not improve
      with this treatment. In addition, the number of days they required supplemental
      oxygen were fewer. Thus, corticosteroids may be beneficial therapeutically for
      some premature infants with chronic lung disease. Alternatively, corticosteroid
      responsiveness may differentiate types of chronic lung disease with improved
      prognoses. Controlled clinical trials are necessary before corticosteroids can be
      recommended in treating or evaluating chronic lung disease of prematurity.

PMID- 6440573
TI  - Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity in
      neonates.
AB  - Using noninvasive measurement of cranial blood flow, we previously demonstrated
      that full-term asphyxiated neonates have decreased cerebral perfusion that can
      persist up to 5 days of age. In an attempt to test their postischemic
      cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, we measured cranial blood flow in ten asphyxiated
      term (39 +/- 0.8 weeks and 3078 K 400 gm) infants with and without inhaled carbon
      dioxide (3 percent). The end tidal CO2 (PaCO2) increased significantly, from 28.8
      +/- 1.0 mm Hg to 32.3 +/- 2.0 mm Hg after CO2 inhalation (p less than 0.01),
      whereas the cranial blood flow showed no significant change (38.5 +/- 5.0
      ml/min/100 gm brain weight to 37.6 +/- 6.0 ml/min/100 gm brain weight). We
      conclude that term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have low cranial
      blood flow at 3 days of age. Their cerebrovascular response to inhaled CO2 is
      variable and suggests some impairment.

PMID- 6440574
TI  - Delayed cord clamping in cesarean section with general anesthesia.
AB  - Delay in cord clamping after vaginal delivery increases the blood volume of the
      newborn. Similar effects have also been observed in cesarean section births.
      Other effects of delayed cord clamping in cesarean section have not been
      investigated. In a group of nineteen healthy mothers having elective cesarean
      sections the cord clamping time was increased from 0 minutes to 1.5 and 3
      minutes. Significantly lowered PO2 and pH and elevated plasma lactate levels were
      observed in infants with 3 minutes' delay when compared with the early clamping
      group. We conclude that, when healthy mature newborns are considered, early
      clamping of umbilical cord in cesarean section with general anesthesia is
      preferable to late clamping.

PMID- 6440575
TI  - Benzyl alcohol toxicity in a neonatal intensive care unit. Incidence,
      symptomatology, and mortality.
AB  - We unknowingly "screened" all NICU infants for elevated levels of serum benzyl
      alcohol (Bz-OH) over a three-month period. The fortuitous "screening" procedure
      resulted from the interference by Bz-OH with a routine blood CO2 assay used for
      all infants; validity was proved by (1) replication of the interference pattern
      with Bz-OH or benzoic acid; (2) confirmation of elevated benzoic acid levels in
      serum in two of the four screening positive infants tested but not in control
      infants, and (3) disappearance of the interference patterns when Bz-OH solutions
      were discontinued in affected infants. Screened Bz-OH-positive infants were
      compared to screened negative control infants, matched for weight (less than 1000
      g), severity of RDS (on respirators), exposure to Bz-OH, and survival for longer
      than 48 hours. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), metabolic acidosis appearing
      prior to IVH, and mortality were increased in Bz-OH-positive infants (P less than
      .05 in each case); hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia were not. Gasping
      respirations were not a major symptom. It is concluded that Bz-OH poisoning was a
      major cause of morbidity and mortality in NICU infants weighing less than 1000 g
      at birth during the three-month screening period. A retrospective review of
      patient records covering a 16-month period showed significant improvement in the
      survival rate of infants weighing less than 1000 g following the discontinuation
      of Bz-OH solutions.

PMID- 6440576
TI  - Trends in continuous metabolic monitoring during experimental fetal distress.
AB  - Intermittent, progressive maternal aortic occlusions were used to produce fetal
      distress in the fetuses of six pregnant dogs at term. Fetal heart rate and fetal
      tissue surface pH were continuously recorded and were compared to fetal blood pH,
      pCO2, pO2 and lactic acid values determined from intermittent sampling. Baseline
      fetal heart rate was an insensitive indicator of fetal blood pH, tissue surface
      pH, or of fetal blood lactic acid concentrations. "Delayed" decelerations in
      fetal heart rate following an occlusive episode were uniformly produced after
      minimal stress and also did not correlate well with these variables. On the other
      hand, fetal blood lactic acid concentrations remained elevated even after
      occlusive episodes were discontinued and other variables had returned to baseline
      values.

PMID- 6440577
TI  - [Comparative study of different anthropometric indicators of nutritional status].

PMID- 6440578
TI  - [Etiology of protracted diarrhea in children].

PMID- 6440579
TI  - The effect of devascularization of the visual cortex on visual function in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The role of the visual cortex in brightness and pattern vision was re-examined in
      the rabbit. Animals were trained on both a brightness and a horizontal-vertical
      striation discrimination. Bilateral removal of the dura mater overlying the
      entire visual cortex produced no impairments in either brightness or pattern
      vision. When the visual cortex was devascularized by removal of the pia mater
      bilaterally, total loss of pattern vision was found with no impairment of
      brightness discrimination ability. The significance of the finding that the
      effects of slowly developing degenerative lesions are the same as those of
      surgical ablation was discussed.

PMID- 6440580
TI  - [Hematological complications of viral hepatitis. Case-list contribution].
AB  - The incidence of haematological abnormalities has been evaluated in 1170 patients
      affected by acute viral hepatitis. Of these patients, 665 were HBsAg+, 427 HBsAg
      , 31 with IgM anti-HAV, 26 non A and non B hepatitis. 21 patients were not
      classified due to lack of data relating to markers for HAV or HBV. Anemia,
      leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia were found with some frequency at
      the haemochromocytometric examination. It is emphasized that these haematological
      abnormalities are often of minor relevance whereas the rarer and more serious
      complications such as persistent bone marrow hypoplasia or pure aplastic anemia
      can present difficult clinical problems regarding prognosis and therapy: in 4
      cases of bone marrow hypoplasia a recovery was obtained in 1 case only, whereas
      the remaining cases had a fatal outcome after a period varying from 20 days to 15
      months from the appearance of pancytopenia. We suggest the advisability of a
      closer study of the haematological and immunological aspects in patients with
      viral hepatitis in order to discover those elements which are useful towards a
      better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of the haematological abnormalities
      studied above. Such a detailed study would also enable further improvement in
      existing therapeutic measures.

PMID- 6440581
TI  - [Hydrazides of 1-adamantane carboxylic acid with presumed antimicrobial action].

PMID- 6440582
TI  - [Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome].
AB  - In this study was investigated the diagnostic significance of double stimulation
      test with (that is of 25 micrograms rapid injection intravenously twice at an
      interval of 120 minutes and the misure of maximal net increment of serum LH after
      the first GnRH injection expressed as delta 1 and after the second injection,
      expressed as delta 2) to discriminate patients with idiopatic hirsutism. This
      test was effectuated on 8 patients with PCO (presence of polycystic ovaries on
      Ecografya and/or Laparoscopy) and 8 patients with idiopatic hirsutism (presence
      of normal morphology ovaries). Basal LH, FSH, E1, E2 and delta 4 levels were also
      measured. The value of LH delta 2 were more elevated in patients with PCO (p less
      than 0,0002) than the patients with idiopatic hirsutism. Consequently it as been
      value of LH delta 2 to discriminate the two different groups of patients. In PCO
      patients were also found: -a positive linear correlation between LH delta 1 and
      basal concentration serum of E2 (p less than 0,001); -a significant increase of
      basal levels serum of delta 4 (p less than 0,02); while the values of basal LH
      and LH delta 1 were found superior only on 4 of the initial 8 patients, the basal
      values of E1 and E2 were at the superior found of the norm and basal FSH, FSH
      delta 1 and FSH delta 2 values were found normals.

PMID- 6440583
TI  - [In vitro antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against uropathogenic
      organisms].
AB  - Ciprofloxacin (Bay 09867) is a new quinoline derivative. Its activity against 537
      urinary bacterial isolates was compared with those of ampicillin, amikacin,
      carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, nalidixic and
      oxolinic acids, norfloxacin, trimethoprim, and other antimicrobial agents, when
      appropriate. It inhibited 90% Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., E, coli,
      Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Serratia spp. at less than or equal to 0.78
      microgram/ml. The majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including gentamicin
      resistant strains, was inhibited by less than or equal to 3.12 micrograms/ml.
      MICs of Bay 09867 for 90% of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin
      resistant strains, and Streptococcus faecalis were 0.78 micrograms/ml and 1.56
      micrograms/ml respectively. Bay 09867 inhibited organisms resistant to
      ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, nalidixic and oxolinic acids and
      trimethoprim.

PMID- 6440584
TI  - [Alpha-linolenic acid in the trophism of striated muscle].
AB  - Erucic and alpha-linolenic acids are probably related to a damage of muscle. The
      research was defined to the question if CCl4 that causes lesions in the tissue of
      the rat) damages also the muscle and if the dietary unsaturated fatty acids are
      effective in the prevention. The alpha-linolenic acid causes a strong reduction
      of the docosaesaenoic acid in the muscle, while the reduction of arachidonic acid
      is quite similar in all studied organs.

PMID- 6440585
TI  - [The effect of a novel TRH analog (DN-1417) on postictal seizure inhibition in
      amygdaloid kindled cats].
AB  - Anticonvulsant and prophylactic effects of DN-1417, a novel TRH analog, were
      reported previously in kindled cat preparations which had been established as an
      experimental model of epilepsy. This study was conducted to examine an effect of
      DN-1417 on postictal events including postictal seizure inhibition (PSI). A
      recycling paradigm consisted of 8 amygdaloid stimuli at 1 hour intervals was
      applied to evaluate the PSI. Six of bilateral amygdaloid kindled cats were used.
      In control session, the left amygdala had been stimulated at final
      electroconvulsive threshold at 1 hour intervals in all cats. In drug session, the
      cats were pretreated with DN-1417 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) and exposed to recycling
      paradigm 20 minutes after the administration. The interval of each session was at
      least 2 weeks EEG recordings and behavioral observations were carried out at the
      same time. Effects of TRH tartrate (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on PSI was also investigated
      in 2 cats at the same paradigm. PSI was significantly prolonged and postictal EEG
      silence was significantly shortened by DN-1417. The pretreatment of TRH tartrate
      showed an prolongation of PSI in 2 cats respectively. These results suggest that
      administrated TRH analog or TRH may inhibit an occurrence of subsequent seizures
      and prevent the epileptic status.

PMID- 6440586
TI  - [Morphological study on biopsied skin materials of Lafora disease].
AB  - Skin biopsy of a patient with Lafora disease was performed. The specimen showed
      numerous PAS-positive materials in the eccrine glands as proposed by Carpenter
      and Karpati. The patient was a 25-year-old man, and his two brothers and sister
      were diagnosed as Lafora disease by clinical and autopsy findings. The patient
      has shown typical clinical course of Lafora disease. Light microscopic findings
      of the skin revealed 5-7 microns oval or round PAS-positive materials in most of
      the glandular cells in eccrine glands. Several histochemical stainings were
      applied to the specimens so that the storage materials in the glandular cells
      were considered as glucose-polymer (polyglucosan). Electronmicroscopic
      observation showed the materials adjacent to the nucleus without limiting
      membrane. The materials were composed of numerous glycogen-like particles
      associated with a small number of fine filaments and vesicles. It have been not
      clarified why these materials are present in the sweat glands in Lafora disease.
      Recently skin biopsies have been underwent in patients of storage disease
      involving the central nervous system. Especially it is much useful for diagnosis
      of the disease with no reliable enzymatic assays. Pathogenesis of Lafora disease
      is still unknown. Therefore, skin biopsy might be convenient to differentiate
      from other types of myoclonus epilepsy.

PMID- 6440587
TI  - Cigarette smoking and platelet adhesion.
AB  - Non-abraded rabbit endothelium has been exposed to human blood taken from male
      non-smoking volunteers before and after the smoking of two medium tar cigarettes,
      in an in vitro system using a Baumgartner chamber. In each case the blood was
      allowed to circulate for 10 min at a constant flow rate. Blood from 10 volunteers
      has been tested in this way. Scanning electron microscopy of the endothelial
      surfaces demonstrates large numbers of adherent platelets when 'post-smoking
      blood' is used, but very few and in some cases none with the 'pre-smoking' blood.
      As a further control to ensure that this phenomenon did not occur as a result
      from changes in the vessel related to the time during which it had been removed
      from its normal physiological environment, blood from further non-smoking
      volunteers was passed over seven of the remaining pieces of vessel at the
      completion of these runs. Platelets were either absent or very few in number, as
      with the pre-smoking samples.

PMID- 6440588
TI  - Efficacy of porcine factor VIII in the management of haemophiliacs with
      inhibitors.
AB  - We report our experience with polyelectrolyte-fractionated highly purified
      porcine factor VIII concentrate (Hyate:C). Porcine factor VIII concentrate was
      used to treat 14 haemorrhagic episodes including seven severe haemarthroses,
      three severe haematomata, two episodes of oral bleeding, one traumatic and the
      other after multiple dental extractions and two life-threatening intestinal
      haemorrhages. Altogether 60 infusions of Hyate:C were given to five haemophiliacs
      with inhibitors. At the time of the first infusion with porcine factor VIII the
      anti-human inhibitor level ranged from 60 to 2.5 modified Bethesda units/ml (MBU
      4 h incubation). The porcine cross-reactivity of these inhibitors was 25.6% and
      5.4% of the human inhibitor level in two patients and scarcely measurable in the
      other three patients. We injected an amount of porcine factor VIII concentrate
      corresponding to the calculated porcine neutralizing units plus the units
      required for haemostasis. The clinical efficacy was excellent and no adverse
      effects were encountered, apart from two episodes of mild pyrogenic reactions
      well controlled by hydrocortisone. The anamnestic antibody response against human
      factor VIII was of slight degree in all cases, while the porcine cross-reactivity
      showed no significant variation. Our results emphasize the role of porcine factor
      VIII in the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors.

PMID- 6440590
TI  - Formation of DNA modifications by chemical carcinogens. Identification,
      localization and quantification.

PMID- 6440589
TI  - A prospective controlled study of the effect on blood pressure of contraceptive
      preparations containing different types and dosages of progestogen.
AB  - A prospective controlled study investigated the effects of oral contraceptives on
      blood pressure in 485 women who were between 17 and 46 years of age and had blood
      pressures of less than 140/90 mmHg at entry. The women were divided into seven
      groups depending on the chosen method of contraception: intrauterine device or
      barrier method (control group): ethinyl oestradiol 30 micrograms plus
      levonorgestrel 150 micrograms (Microgynon-30 or Ovranette); norethisterone 350
      micrograms (Micronor); norgestrel 75 micrograms (Neogest); norethisterone
      oenanthate 200 mg intramuscularly every 2 months for the first 6 months, then
      every 3 months thereafter; ethinyl oestradiol 30 micrograms plus ethynodiol
      diacetate 2 mg (Conova-30); and ethynodiol diacetate 500 micrograms (Femulen).
      Blood pressures were measured every 3 months by the family planning clinic nurse
      under standardized conditions using an Elag-Koln automatic sphygmomanometer.
      After one year, blood pressure had risen significantly (P less than 0.05) in the
      137 women taking ethinyl oestradiol plus levonorgestrel (mean systolic and
      diastolic rises 6.4 and 2.7 mmHg respectively) and in the 91 women taking ethinyl
      oestradiol plus ethynodiol diacetate (mean systolic and diastolic rises 6.2 and
      3.0 mmHg respectively). The 94 women taking the progestogen-only preparations and
      the 143 women in the control group showed no increases in blood pressure. These
      data were confirmed after 2 years of follow-up.

PMID- 6440591
TI  - Selenium in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6440592
TI  - Dodecandrin, a new ribosome-inhibiting protein from Phytolacca dodecandra.
AB  - Dodecandrin, a newly discovered ribosome-inhibiting protein, has been isolated
      and purified from the leaves of the African endod plant, Phytolacca dodecandra.
      Dodecandrin has a molecular weight of approx. 29 000. It cross-reacts with
      antiserum prepared against pokeweed antiviral protein from Phytolacca americana
      and exhibits similar requirements for antiribosomal activity. It is more basic
      than pokeweed antiviral protein, and comparison of the first 30 amino-terminal
      residues of the two proteins reveals 83% homology. This level of homology is
      greater than that between pokeweed antiviral protein and pokeweed antiviral
      protein S, another antiviral protein found in P. americana. Such conservatism in
      sequence, coupled with the high efficiency of the proteins in deactivating
      ribosomes and with their abundance in plant tissue, suggests that they serve an
      important function in the life of the plant, probably as a defense against
      infection.

PMID- 6440593
TI  - [Redistribution of Ca2+ ions in lymphocyte suspensions after treatment with an
      ionophore].
AB  - Ionophore A23187 induces three-phase kinetics of reduction of chlorotetracycline
      (CTC) lauded lymphocyte fluorescence: fast reduction, low increase and lower
      reduction of fluorescence. We suggested the following explanation of kinetics.
      The first phase is extinguishing of the Ca2+ - CTC complex fluorescence induced
      by ionophore A23187 perturbation of the cell membrane, the second one is the
      energy dependent Ca2+ entry into the cell and the third one is the slow efflux of
      Ca2+ ions from the cell to concentration gradient.

PMID- 6440594
TI  - [Purification of neuraminidase from influenza virus on an immunosorbent].
AB  - A procedure for isolation of neuraminidase from influenza virus using the
      nonionic detergent Triton x-100 was developed. To achieve further purification,
      the protein mixture was passed through a Sepharose column packed with immobilized
      antibodies against hemagglutinin. The neuraminidase preparation thus obtained
      fully retained its enzymatic and antigenic properties and during electrophoretic
      separation under denaturating conditions gave one protein band.

PMID- 6440595
TI  - [The nature of thyroid hormone receptors. Intracellular transport and
      compartmentalization of chromatin receptors and thyroid hormones].
AB  - It is well established that in vivo administered labelled TBPA penetrates into
      liver, brain and lung cells, is translocated from cytosol into the nucleus and is
      accepted by chromatin without being affected by modifications touching upon the
      antigenic determinants of this protein. Electron microscopic autoradiography
      demonstrated that 125I-TBPA translocated from cytosol into the nucleus is
      localized on the border between hetero- and euchromatin. The data obtained may
      serve as an additional proof of the universal structure of intracellular thyroid
      hormone receptors and suggest that TBPA participate in manifestation of genetic
      effects of thyroid hormones.

PMID- 6440596
TI  - [Role of supranucleosomal structures of chromatin in the uneven distribution of
      DNA-bound 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene metabolites formed in vivo or in the
      perfused rat liver].
AB  - It was demonstrated that the DNA closely associated with the nuclear matrix
      preferentially binds 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) metabolites. In
      experiments with perfused rat liver, it was found that the kinetic curves for
      adduct formation in all DNA fractions of DNP have maxima, the largest differences
      in the rate of metabolite binding in the DNA fractions being observed at the
      initial moment of perfusion. There is evidence that the preferential binding of
      DMBA metabolites to matrix DNA is due to the increased accessibility of the DNA
      to the metabolites rather than to its proximity to the nuclear membrane. This
      accessibility, in its turn, is due to the peculiarities of the supranucleosomal
      structure of transcriptionally active DNP fragments associated with the nuclear
      matrix.

PMID- 6440597
TI  - [Kinetic mechanisms of enzyme activity of the thromboxane synthetase system.
      Thromboxane synthetase of human platelets].
AB  - Partially purified preparations of prostaglandin endoperoxide-synthetase (PGH
      synthetase) and thromboxane synthetase (PGH-convertase) were obtained from human
      platelets by ion exchange chromatography. The kinetics of prostaglandin H2
      enzymatic conversion was studied in the presence of thromboxane synthetase from
      human platelets. It was found that prostaglandin H2 conversion into both
      thromboxane A2 and malonic dialdehyde is a catalytic process, i. e., its rate
      increases as the protein concentration rises. The linear dependence of the
      enzymatic reaction velocity on substrate concentration at a prostaglandin H2
      concentrations below 10-15 microM was demonstrated. PGH-synthetase and PGH
      convertase from human platelets exhibit similar enzymatic activity dependence on
      pH and temperature, PGH-convertase being more thermostable.

PMID- 6440598
TI  - Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and bipolar disorder: a linkage and
      treatment study.
AB  - Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and bipolar disorder are both hereditary
      disorders, characterized by episodes of illness separated by periods of
      remission, and possibly related to abnormalities in cellular ion transport.
      Recently we discovered a patient who suffered from both illnesses, as did his
      mother and grandmother. However, a detailed investigation of the pedigree
      suggested that these two disorders are not linked genetically. Furthermore, a
      placebo-controlled double-blind trial of lithium carbonate in this patient found
      lithium ineffective in preventing the attacks of paralysis, in contrast to
      another recent study which found lithium effective in hypermagnesemic periodic
      paralysis.

PMID- 6440599
TI  - The effect of haloperidol on serum levels of lithium in adult manic patients.

PMID- 6440600
TI  - Thyroid function and affective illness: a reappraisal.
AB  - It has been generally accepted that increased thyroid function facilitates
      treatment response in depression. Recent data show that response to several
      antidepressant treatments, particularly lithium and carbamazepine, are associated
      with decreased thyroid hormone levels. An alternative hypothesis that decreased
      thyroid indices are related to antidepressant response is proposed and clinical
      and research implications are discussed.

PMID- 6440601
TI  - Experimental induction of estradiol positive feedback in intact male monkeys:
      absence of inhibition by physiologic concentrations of testosterone.
AB  - Estradiol benzoate (E2B) induces an increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in
      gonadectomized macaques of both sexes and in intact females but not males. To
      determine the interaction of testosterone (T) with E2B, we treated 6 intact male
      cynomolgus macaques as follows: 1) with E2B alone; 2) E2B after pretreatment with
      estradiol-17 beta (E2) for 2 wk; and 3) Treatment 2 plus exogenous T along with
      the E2. In Experiment 4, 6 female cynomolgus macaques were treated with large
      doses of T for 10 days prior to E2B. Serum levels of T and E2 were quantified by
      radioimmunoassay; LH by bioassay. In Experiment 1, LH decreased from 5.20 +/-
      0.95 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SEM) to 0.47 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml. In Experiment
      2, E2 pretreatment depressed LH and T, and these animals responded to E2B with an
      increase in LH. Replacement of T (Experiment 3) did not inhibit positive
      feedback. Intact females treated with T responded to E2B with an increase in LH.
      These results suggest that a testicular product other than T is involved in the
      inhibition of the positive feedback response to E2B in intact male macaques, and
      that E2 pretreatment overcomes this effect.

PMID- 6440602
TI  - Source of F series prostaglandins during the early postpartum period in cattle.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine the contribution of the
      bovine uterus to concentrations of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2 alpha
      (PGFM) in peripheral plasma of postpartum cows. In Experiment 1, cows were
      assigned to three groups: untreated control (n = 4), hysterectomy following a
      manually induced prolapse of the uterus (n = 5) and sham operation (n = 3:
      prolapse of the uterus and replacement). Surgery was performed within 8 h of
      parturition, and blood samples collected frequently on the day of surgery and
      once (0800 h) or twice (0800 and 1700 h) daily from Day 1 to Day 15 postpartum.
      Following hysterectomy, PGFM concentrations decreased precipitously, became
      essentially undetectable by 5 h, and remained so for the rest of the experimental
      period. In contrast (P less than 0.01), PGFM concentrations, which remained
      elevated during the day of surgery in the sham-operated group, peaked on Day 2
      (sham-operated group: 1339 pg/ml) or Day 3 (untreated control: 2143 pg/ml), and
      declined to a basal concentration between Days 10 to 15. In Experiment 2, in
      vitro metabolism of tritiated arachidonic acid ([3H] AA: 10 microCi) and
      production of PGF2 alpha and PGFM were studied in explants of early postpartum
      intrauterine tissues (myometrium, caruncle and intercaruncular endometrium).
      Extracts of [3H] AA metabolites released into the incubation medium were
      separated on Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Metabolites of [3H] AA, having
      the same chromatographic mobility as PGF2 alpha, PGFM and PGE2, were
      detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440603
TI  - Evidence for a high molecular weight follicle-stimulating hormone binding
      inhibitor in bovine testis.
AB  - Cytosol prepared after centrifugation (100,000 X g) of homogenates of immature
      bovine testis inhibited binding of iodinated human follicle-stimulating hormone
      to membrane-bound receptors (FSH-BI) from the same source in a dose-related
      manner. FSH-BI in the cytosol passed H1P100 (Mr greater than 100,000) and was
      retained by H1P5 hollow fiber membranes (Mr greater than 5000) (Fraction F1). FSH
      BI in F1 was adsorbed by DEAE-32 ion-exchange fibers (pH 8.3) and could be eluted
      at 0.1 M NaCl (F2-1) and 0.2 M NaCl (F2-2). Filtration of either F2-1 or F2-2
      through Sephadex-G75 (0.05 M ammonium acetate, pH 6.3) resolved a single region
      (Ve/Vo = 1.37) having FSH-BI activity (Fraction F3). Based on its elution volume
      (Ve), FSH-BI fraction F3 was estimated to have a molecular weight of about 33,000
      and a Stokes radius of about 25 A. When testes were collected under sterile
      conditions there was no difference in the yield of binding inhibitor compared to
      testes collected at the abattoir, indicating that bacterial contamination was not
      the source of FSH-BI. No FSH-like activity was detectable in either F1 or F3 by
      radioimmunoassay. Specific FSH-BI activity of F1 per mg of preparation did not
      differ between immature bovine testis (3-6 g), mature bovine testis (200-400 g)
      or mature ovine testes. However, as testis size increased, total FSH-BI per
      testis increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440604
TI  - Dispersal of motile bacteria from a plane layer.
AB  - The dispersal of an initially well-defined concentration of the motile bacterium
      Escherichia coli was measured under nonchemotactic conditions. The distribution
      of bacteria along a glass observation cell was measured by recording the
      intensity of light scattered by the organisms. For comparison, the diffusion of
      fluorescein was also measured by determining the distribution of fluorescence
      throughout the observation cell. The dispersal of bacteria from a plane layer,
      under nonchemotactic conditions, can be adequately described by the Gaussian
      solution of the diffusion equation.

PMID- 6440605
TI  - Physiological variables and mortality in patients with various categories of
      chronic respiratory disease.
AB  - As an introduction to a prospective study on the complex non-invasive estimation
      of pulmonary arterial pressure, the mortality experience of 834 patients with
      chronic respiratory disease was analysed historically. In patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease, chronic fibrosing alveolitis and pulmonary
      tuberculosis, the relationships between mortality and values of ten physiological
      variables were examined. The most important variable as regards mortality in
      chronic obstructive lung disease was FEV1.0; after controlling for FEV1.0,
      pulmonary arterial pressure, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures were
      all strongly related to mortality. By contrast, in fibrosing alveolitis, values
      of FEV1.0 had little relation to mortality, and pulmonary arterial pressure was
      the most important variable, followed by FVC and FEV/VC. In patients with
      tuberculosis, arterial oxygen and pulmonary arterial pressure had the strongest
      relationship with mortality. Pulmonary arterial pressure was therefore strongly
      related to mortality in all three conditions; FEV1.0 had its highest predictive
      power in chronic obstructive lung disease and arterial oxygen saturation in
      tuberculosis. In chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary arterial pressure
      had a stronger influence in relation to mortality of younger than of older
      patients.

PMID- 6440606
TI  - Differences in overall 'gain' of CO2-feedback system between dead space and CO2
      ventilations in man.
AB  - The differences in overall gain of the CO2-ventilation feedback control system
      obtained by external dead space ventilation (GCO2,ds) and by CO2 inhalation
      (GCO2,inh) were elucidated in nine healthy male subjects. They breathed into a
      closed circuit and were subjected to the CO2 steady-state test. This procedure
      was conducted with 250, 500 and finally 750 ml added dead space (ds),
      consecutively. About 1 h after these ds runs, a further steady-state CO2
      inhalation test (inh) was carried out, maintaining PETCO2 levels equivalent to
      those in the 250, 500 and 750 ml ds runs. In the ds and the inh runs, PETO2 was
      maintained at the air breathing level. GCO2 was calculated from the ratio of the
      slope of the CO2-response curve (S) to that of the metabolic hyperbola (SL). The
      absolute value of GCO2,ds was larger than that of GCO2,inh. This was accounted
      for by both a higher slope of the CO2-response curve and a lower slope of the
      metabolic hyperbola in dead space ventilation than those in CO2 inhalation. From
      both GCO2,ds and GCO2,inh, the magnitude of the expected change in PETCO2 (delta
      PETCO2,exp) was calculated for dead space and CO2 breathing, respectively. The
      delta PETCO2,exp thus calculated was in good agreement with the delta PETCO2
      increment experimentally observed (delta PETCO2,act).

PMID- 6440607
TI  - High frequency chest wall compression and carbon dioxide elimination in
      obstructed dogs.
AB  - High frequency chest wall compression (HFCWC) was studied as a method of
      assisting ventilation in six spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs. Under a
      constant level of anesthesia, the dogs became hypercapneic after airflow
      obstruction was created by metal beads inserted in the airways. HFCWC was
      achieved by a piston pump rapidly oscillating the pressure in a modified double
      blood pressure cuff wrapped around the lower thorax. Thirty minute periods of
      spontaneous ventilation were alternated with thirty minute periods of spontaneous
      breathing plus HFCWC at 3, 5 or 8 Hz. The superimposition of HFCWC to spontaneous
      ventilation resulted in little change in the PaO2. The PaCO2, however, was
      reduced in every case from a mean of 6.55 +/- 0.59 to 4.72 +/- 0.32 kPa at 3 Hz
      (p less than 0.05), 6.92 +/- 0.57 to 3.9 +/- 0.45 kPa at 5 Hz (p less than 0.01)
      and 7.10 +/- 0.65 to 4.56 +/- 0.59 kPa at 8 Hz (p less than 0.05). This occurred
      despite a decrease in spontaneous minute ventilation. We conclude that HFCWC can
      assist in elimination of CO2 in obstructed spontaneous breathing dogs with
      hypercapnea.

PMID- 6440608
TI  - Effect of right-to-left shunting on alveolar dead space.
AB  - Right-to-left shunting decreases the efficiency of carbon dioxide excretion and
      increases the alveolar dead space (physiological dead space minus anatomical dead
      space). The theoretical effects of shunting on alveolar dead space were studied,
      using a human blood nomogram, for different values of inspired oxygen fraction
      (FIO2), respiratory quotient (R), and arterial-venous oxygen content difference.
      An equation developed to define the relationship between alveolar dead space and
      shunt could be closely fitted to the nomogram data. With high levels of shunt,
      FIO2 and R, alveolar dead space can substantially increase above normal levels.
      The conditions needed for this increase are unusual but lie within the range
      observed in critically ill patients. A rise in dead space of this magnitude can
      be clinically important in the absence of effective compensatory mechanisms.

PMID- 6440609
TI  - Metabolic enzymatic activities in the diaphragm of normal men and patients with
      moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The activities of hexokinase (HK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase
      (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD) were measured in the costal
      diaphragm (DI) and in the latissimus dorsi (LD), a non respiratory muscle, of 21
      middle aged men: 10 normal subjects and 11 patients with moderate chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the normal subjects, all the enzymatic
      activities were significantly higher in the diaphragm (p less than 0.01) than in
      the latissimus dorsi, the mean increase ranging from 61 to 118%. Chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease failed to cause any further increase in enzymatic
      activities in the DI; on the contrary, a significant decrease of HK and LDH (30%,
      p less than 0.01) was observed. Enzymatic activities of LD were unaffected by
      COPD. These data show that the metabolic enzymatic activities in the diaphragm of
      normal middle aged subjects is similar to that of the vastus lateralis of highly
      trained young athletes, suggesting that DI is a highly trained muscle in normal
      man.

PMID- 6440610
TI  - [Diurnal basal pulmonary arterial pressure and nocturnal levels of oxygenation in
      patients with chronic bronchitis].
AB  - The relationship between diurnal pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) measured in
      steady state and nocturnal level of oxyhaemoglobin saturation (Sao2) measured
      continuously was studied in fourteen patients with chronic obstructive lung
      disease. A right heart catheterization was carried out in the morning in each
      patient. The nocturnal polygraphic study included a continuous recording of
      transcutaneous Sao2. The behaviour of oxygenation state during sleep was closely
      linked with the mean level of Sao2 during nocturnal wakefulness. Whatever the
      nocturnal period (wakefulness, non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, rapid-eye-movement
      sleep), the mean value of Sao2, which is an integration of variations of the
      oxygenation state, was more closely linked with diurnal Ppa than a single measure
      of Sao2 carried out during the catheterization. Ppa seemed independent of the
      amplitude and frequency of desaturation episodes. In patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease, the measurement of mean Sao2 at rest is an easier
      investigation to carry out during diurnal wakefulness than during nocturnal
      wakefulness. Thus, this might allow the evaluation of the risk of developing
      permanent arterial hypertension in chronic obstructive patients.

PMID- 6440611
TI  - Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi induced by immunization with antigens isolated by
      affinity chromatography.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether antigens of Trypanosoma
      cruzi that are recognized by antibodies in sera of chronically infected animals
      and thus capable of being purified by affinity chromatography would be more
      efficient than non-purified antigens in inducing resistance against the parasite.
      Epimastigote stage antigens were isolated from a lysate of the organisms by
      affinity chromatography with IgG antibodies prepared from serum of rabbits
      chronically infected with T. cruzi. The antibodies strongly agglutinated
      epimastigotes, and mice passively transferred with them had lower parasitemia and
      longer survival times than controls. The presence of antigens in the fractions
      eluted from the antibody affinity column was demonstrated by an enzyme
      immunoassay. Mice were immunized with the isolated antigens either alone or mixed
      with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. All immunized animals formed antibodies to T.
      cruzi as demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Challenge
      with blood trypanosomes revealed that mice immunized with antigens mixed with
      Freund's incomplete adjuvant had lower parasitemia than mice immunized with
      antigens alone or controls. At 17 days of infection, mortality of controls was
      100% vs 80% for mice immunized with affinity-isolated antigens in PBS and 45% for
      mice immunized with affinity-purified antigens mixed with Freund's incomplete
      adjuvant. Fifty-five percent of the mice immunized with affinity-purified
      antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant were still alive 45 days after
      infection, with no parasitemia detectable by microscopy. The immunization
      procedure, however, did not prevent multiplication and invasion of tissues by the
      parasites, since all immunized animals developed patent parasitemia and spleen
      parasitism at some point during the infection.

PMID- 6440612
TI  - Endosprin, an antipyretic, antiinflammatory and analgesic preparation of lysine
      salicylate: reassessment of its chemical composition and effects in experimental
      animals in comparison with aspirin.
AB  - Endosprin, an antiinflammatory-antipyretic-analgesic salicylate drug marketed in
      Brazil since 1970, has been shown by NMR-1H spectral analysis to contain
      salicylic acid and not, as formerly believed, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Its
      analgesic and antiinflammatory activity in mice and rats was similar to that of
      aspirin but its antipyretic activity against bacterial pyrogen fever in rabbits
      was significantly lower than that of aspirin. This result stands in contrast to
      the large body of clinical evidence indicating a rather high degree of
      effectiveness of Endosprin in lowering fever of various origin in children.

PMID- 6440613
TI  - Recent developments in the abuse of cocaine.
AB  - Cocaine is a powerful euphoriant and it relieves, though only transiently,
      depression, dread and dysphoria. New patterns of cocaine abuse, such as the
      inhalation of vaporized cocaine base, the intravenous injection of cocaine
      hydrochloride and the smoking of coca paste, produce a brief elation that quickly
      gives way either to a return to the baseline mood or to displeasure, resulting in
      a strong desire to return to the momentary ecstatic experience, a cycle that
      leads to compulsive use. The enormous profits made from illicit traffic in
      cocaine lead to corruption, violence and political destabilization. The
      individual costs of cocaine abuse include loss of personal fortunes, jobs and
      families. The safety of cocaine use is a myth. There are a number of ways in
      which cocaine can be lethal. The high doses of cocaine abused today induce
      physical dependence, but this is less a contributory factor than the intense
      psychological craving to perpetuate cocaine use. There is no specific way to
      treat dysfunctional cocaine use; instead the treatment plan must deal with the
      individual's specific situation. Except for a reduction of cocaine supply at the
      source, preventive measures are only feasible in the context of abstinence from
      all abusable drugs.

PMID- 6440614
TI  - Interactions of inhibitors of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways with a
      supplementary binding site on soybean lipoxygenase.
AB  - The oxygenation of [1-14C]-arachidonic acid by a soluble soybean lipoxygenase
      (E.C.1.13.11.12) preparation was determined in the presence of various cyclo
      oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. The results showed that several non
      inhibitory compounds drastically blunted the inhibitory potency of potent
      lipoxygenase inhibitors. Studies on the combined effects of a variety of
      structurally unrelated inhibitors of lipoxygenase, cyclo-oxygenase or both
      oxygenation pathways provided strong evidence for the existence of a
      supplementary binding site on soybean lipoxygenase which reduces the effective
      interactions of inhibitors with the catalytic site. Thus several cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitors (which do not inhibit at the lipoxygenase catalytic site), as well as
      low concentrations of lipoxygenase inhibitors, interact with this putative
      supplementary site and blunt the inhibitory efficacy of potent lipoxygenase
      inhibitors. Although the degree of interaction with the catalytic site determines
      the absolute potency of inhibitors, the additional interaction at the putative
      supplementary binding site is also obligatory for inhibitory potency. In this new
      multiple-site model the potent lipoxygenase inhibitors (e.g. acetone
      phenylhydrazone, phenidone) possess high affinities for both sites, whereas weak
      inhibitors and certain cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (e.g. benoxaprofen,
      phenylbutazone, indomethacin) interact predominantly with the supplementary site
      on the lipoxygenase but lack affinity for the catalytic site.

PMID- 6440615
TI  - Inappropriate use of intensive care.

PMID- 6440617
TI  - The changing image of doctors.

PMID- 6440616
TI  - Death or dialysis--a personal view.

PMID- 6440618
TI  - Twelve new doctors for Nepal.

PMID- 6440619
TI  - Falls from trees and tree associated injuries in rural Melanesians.
AB  - Falls from trees and other tree related injuries are the most common cause of
      trauma in some parts of rural Melanesia. A four year review of all admissions for
      trauma to the Provincial Hospital at Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New
      Guinea, showed that 27% were due to falls from trees, and a further 10% were due
      to related injuries, such as being struck by a falling branch or a coconut. A
      questionnaire distributed to rural health centres showed that during the study
      period at least 28 villagers died from falls from trees before reaching hospital.
      Head and chest trauma were common causes of death. Many injured patients were
      boys. Forearm fractures were the most common injuries, but more serious injuries
      were also frequently encountered. Trees responsible for most deaths and injuries
      included the coconut palm, betel palm, mango, and breadfruit. There are many
      strategies for preventing such injuries; perhaps the most important is to stop
      small boys climbing tall trees. Such falls are a serious occupational hazard for
      many subsistence farmers.

PMID- 6440620
TI  - First clinical use of penicillin.

PMID- 6440621
TI  - Penicillin: early trials in war casualties.

PMID- 6440622
TI  - Sickness in Salonica: my first, worst, and most successful clinical trial.

PMID- 6440623
TI  - An unusual source of hospital wound infection.

PMID- 6440624
TI  - Lipoid pneumonia: an occupational hazard of fire eaters.

PMID- 6440625
TI  - One small slip and its consequences.

PMID- 6440626
TI  - Art in hospitals. Funding works of art in new hospitals.

PMID- 6440627
TI  - The Great Hall of BMA House.

PMID- 6440628
TI  - Minerva unmasked.

PMID- 6440629
TI  - Fly fisher's finger.

PMID- 6440630
TI  - Abnormal ciliated cells in hypoplastic lungs.

PMID- 6440631
TI  - Accidental subcutaneous infiltration of potassium chloride solution causing
      necrosis.

PMID- 6440632
TI  - Inhaled foreign body causing swelling of the neck.

PMID- 6440633
TI  - Covert bronchial foreign body.

PMID- 6440634
TI  - Spontaneous enteroumbilica fistula.

PMID- 6440635
TI  - Tapping fracture of tibia.

PMID- 6440636
TI  - Chest wall venular dilatation: a sign of chronic bronchitis?

PMID- 6440637
TI  - Perforation of intestinal duplication by enteroliths after trauma.

PMID- 6440638
TI  - A hand and a name.

PMID- 6440639
TI  - The stigmata: pathology or miracle?

PMID- 6440640
TI  - Medical clergy: square pegs in holy holes?

PMID- 6440641
TI  - Getting two new hip joints.

PMID- 6440642
TI  - Death of a brother.

PMID- 6440643
TI  - Sir William Osler's gown returns home.

PMID- 6440644
TI  - The journal's not for reading.

PMID- 6440645
TI  - Reminiscences from a Fenland practice.

PMID- 6440646
TI  - Dermatology in Edinburgh: the first 100 years.

PMID- 6440647
TI  - Women and the GMC.

PMID- 6440648
TI  - Research in general practice: pursuit of knowledge or defence of wisdom?

PMID- 6440649
TI  - So you want to climb Everest...?

PMID- 6440650
TI  - Six months on a slow boat to China.

PMID- 6440651
TI  - Without frontiers.

PMID- 6440652
TI  - In a small boat round the world.

PMID- 6440653
TI  - A tale of turbulent times.

PMID- 6440654
TI  - On the acquisition of a gastroscope.

PMID- 6440655
TI  - Charcot's hysteria renaissant.
AB  - The authenticity of Charcot's original descriptions of hysteria has been
      questioned in the popular media. None the less, it is still possible to encounter
      florid forms of hysteria in culturally deprived communities, and to answer
      Charcot's present day critics we present a selection of patients from Kentucky's
      Appalachian countries with hysterial neurological disease. Their case histories
      are contrasted with those Charcot himself described and thereby form a modern
      commentary on such conditions as la grande hysterie, hysteroepilepsy,
      hysterotraumatic monoplegia, and hysterical hemianaesthesia.

PMID- 6440656
TI  - Full moon and crime.
AB  - The incidence of crimes reported to three police stations in different towns (one
      rural, one urban, one industrial) was studied to see if it varied with the day of
      the lunar cycle. The period of the study covered 1978-82. The incidence of crimes
      committed on full moon days was much higher than on all other days, new moon
      days, and seventh days after the full moon and new moon. A small peak in the
      incidence of crimes was observed on new moon days, but this was not significant
      when compared with crimes committed on other days. The incidence of crimes on
      equinox and solstice days did not differ significantly from those on other days,
      suggesting that the sun probably does not influence the incidence of crime. The
      increased incidence of crimes on full moon days may be due to "human tidal waves"
      caused by the gravitational pull of the moon.

PMID- 6440657
TI  - Vaulting over the MRCP (UK) part I hurdle--twice over.

PMID- 6440658
TI  - Comparison between bacampicillin and amoxycillin in treating genital and
      extragenital infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and pharyngeal infection with
      Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Sixty three patients presumed to have genital gonorrhoea who gave histories of
      extragenital sexual practices were randomly treated with amoxycillin 3 g or
      bacampicillin 4.8 g (equivalent to 3.5 g ampicillin) with probenecid 1 g to
      compare the efficacy of the drugs in treating gonorrhoea at all sites. Three
      patients were initially culture negative, and seven failed to return for follow
      up. Twenty seven of 28 patients receiving bacampicillin and all 25 receiving
      amoxycillin gave negative genital cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae five to nine
      days after treatment. Twenty two of 60 patients had extragenital gonorrhoea. One
      failed to return, but all eight who had received amoxycillin and 12 of 13 who had
      received bacampicillin gave negative pharyngeal and anorectal cultures after
      treatment. N meningitidis was isolated from the pharynx in 17 of 60 patients on
      initial attendance. Three of 14 were still colonised with the meningococcus after
      treatment. Two of 32 patients receiving amoxycillin and 12 of 31 receiving
      bacampicillin reported experiencing gastrointestinal side effects.

PMID- 6440659
TI  - The thalamus as a neuronal oscillator.

PMID- 6440660
TI  - Functions of the frontal cortex of the rat: a comparative review.
AB  - This review summarizes the anatomical and functional organization of the frontal
      cortex of the rat in comparison to primates. Lesions of the primary motor or of
      the prefrontal cortex of both primates and rodents produce a consistent
      constellation of symptoms that are strikingly similar across species as diverse
      as rats and humans. Thus, in spite of the tremendous difference in the relative
      volume of the frontal cortex of mammals, as well as the obvious diversity of
      behavioral repertoires across mammalian phylogeny, there appears to be a
      remarkable unity in frontal cortex function across the class mammalia. Hence,
      motor and prefrontal lesions produce analogous alterations in motor control in
      rodents and primates even though humans walk upright and have fine control of
      digit movement and rats walk on all fours and have less dextrous control of
      distal movements. Similarly, there are analogous changes in behaviors that can be
      labeled response inhibition, temporal ordering, spatial orientation, social or
      affective behavior, behavioral spontaneity, olfaction and habituation following
      prefrontal cortex lesions in both primates and rodents. Finally, it is proposed
      that the principal function of the prefrontal cortex of mammals is the temporal
      organization of behavior.

PMID- 6440661
TI  - The masking of amine accumulation by catecholamine depletion.
AB  - 6-Hydroxydopamine (2 microliter of 8 micrograms/microliter) was injected
      bilaterally into the lateral hypothalamus of male Sprague-Dawley rats to produce
      depletion of forebrain terminal fields and an accumulation of amines proximal to
      the site of injection. Two additional groups of animals were injected with either
      vehicle or were food and water intake-matched to those receiving 6
      hydroxydopamine. Motor performance, food and water intake and body weight were
      measured in all animals for 2 days before and 6 days after injection. Animals
      were then sacrificed and brain tissue was prepared for biochemical assay or
      fluorescence histochemistry. The area of hypothalamic tissue proximal to 6
      hydroxydopamine injection, that which contains the amine accumulation, was
      sectioned from the surrounding tissue with a biopsy punch and assayed for
      noradrenaline and dopamine content. The nucleus caudatus-putamen, basomedial
      hypothalamus, and tissue containing the olfactory tubercle and accumbens nucleus
      were also assayed. Fluorescent histochemical examination of tissue showed that in
      addition to the depletion of catecholamines in various terminal fields there was
      also an increase in the fluorescent amine accumulation proximal to the injection
      site in the impaired animals. This accumulation was not detected with the
      biochemical assay and is probably due to the occurrence of a masking effect by
      adjacent depletions. A significant rise in noradrenaline levels was seen in the
      basomedial hypothalamus of intake-matched controls. However, this too was not
      detected in 6-OHDA-treated animals and was probably due to masking by adjacent
      depletions in these areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440662
TI  - Progesterone inhibits prolactin and growth hormone release from fowl pituitary
      glands in vitro.
AB  - After preincubation of anterior pituitary glands of broiler fowls for 20 h in
      either medium alone or medium containing progesterone, their responsiveness to
      hypothalamic stimulation and to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was
      determined. Following exposure to progesterone the basal rate of release of
      prolactin was reduced in a concentration-related manner but basal growth hormone
      release was unaffected. Stimulation of the release of prolactin and growth
      hormone by both hypothalamic extract and TRH was reduced following incubation
      with progesterone, and the reduction of the prolactin response to TRH was related
      to progesterone concentration.

PMID- 6440663
TI  - [Results of treatment with human growth hormone in childhood].

PMID- 6440664
TI  - [Echographic monitoring of the growth of ovarian follicles and fertility].

PMID- 6440665
TI  - [Regional distribution of enkephalinase in the rat brain by autoradiography].
AB  - The first visualization of enkephalinase (neutral metalloendopeptidase,
      E.C.3.4.24.11) in rat brain was obtained by autoradiography, using a new
      tritiated inhibitor: [3H]N-[( R,S )3-(N-hydroxy) carboxamido-2-benzyl
      propanoyl]glycine (3H-HCBP-Gly). The preliminary analysis of sections clearly
      showed a discrete localization of enkephalinase in enkephalin enriched regions,
      such as caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. Moreover
      3H-HCBP-Gly binding also occurred in choroid plexus and spinal cord.

PMID- 6440666
TI  - [Demonstration of the O-demethylation reaction catalyzed by a peroxidase:
      application to 9-methoxyellipticine].
AB  - 9-methoxy ellipticine, an antitumor compound, is O-demethylated in presence of
      the system peroxidase-H2O2; this reaction yields the corresponding electrophilic
      quinone-imine and methanol. This O-demethylation reaction is reported for the
      first time and might be possibly extended to some other antitumor drugs.

PMID- 6440667
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of the grip strength of the right and left hands:
      desynchronization in some shift workers].
AB  - 38 male shift workers and former shift workers volunteered to self-measure 4 to 8
      times/24 hrs. their oral temperature (OT) as well as right and left hand grip
      strength (HGS) best performance during a 16 to 30 day span. Time series were
      analyzed individually according to two methods: day by day circadian acrophase
      drift and power spectrum. Mainly, but not exclusively, subjects with poor
      tolerance to shift work exhibited an internal desynchronization with a circadian
      period tau different from 24 hrs. which was the case for OT as well as right and
      left HGS; each could be different in tau between one another and from 24 hrs.
      These results suggest that oscillatory systems may be influenced by the neocortex
      apparently with difference between right and left side.

PMID- 6440668
TI  - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema: a molecular disease caused by a defect in the O
      glycosylation of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)].
AB  - A quantitative and qualitative study of neutral and aminosaccharides in C 1
      esterase inhibitor (C 1-INH), protein of the complement system, was performed. We
      observe a mixed glycosylation of the molecule with an N-glycosylated: O
      glycosylated chain ratio of 1: 4. The loss of the inhibitory activity of the
      molecule in hereditary angioedema (O ANH) is associated with an O-glycosylation
      deficiency which differs according to the two molecular variants: C 1-INH (1 A)
      and C 1-INH (II) previously described.

PMID- 6440669
TI  - [Demonstration, during the regeneration of urodeles, of a dedifferentiating
      influence of cicatricial epithelium (study in Salamandra salamandra larvae)].
AB  - Grafts of wound epithelium have been performed on non-amputated limbs and
      blastema cells have been cultured alone or in the presence of normal epidermis
      and wound epithelium extracts. These experiments have shown a dedifferentiating
      and cytotoxic effect of wound epithelium. This effect appears governed by enzymes
      acting on the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces.

PMID- 6440670
TI  - [Improvement in spontaneous and acquired spatial behaviors following lesions of
      septal dopaminergic afferents in mice: possible relations with hippocampal
      cholinergic activity].
AB  - Recent evidence from pharmacological studies support the view that dopaminergic
      afferents to the septal complex which originate from the mesencephalic A10 area,
      exert a tonic inhibitory control over the activity of the septal-hippocampal
      cholinergic neurons. Accordingly one could predict that the release from such an
      inhibition by lesion of the septal dopaminergic terminals might improve
      performance in tasks known to be related to hippocampal cholinergic activity. In
      order to test this hypothesis mice of the C57BL/6 strain received a bilateral
      injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the lateral septal nucleus; they were compared
      to subjects receiving saline and to unoperated control mice in tests performed in
      a T-maze: spontaneous alternation, acquisition and reversal of spatial
      discrimination. In all tasks, performance of experimental subjects was improved
      relative to controls. However, subsequent experiments showed that this
      improvement was not observed when visual (light/dark) discrimination was used.
      Finally, 6-hydroxydopamine injected mice exhibited a substantial increase in
      hippocampal sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake (+ 16.7%). These
      results are discussed in relation to the three main theories concerning the role
      of the septo-hippocampal complex and cholinergic system in the control of
      behavior (i.e. Pavlovian internal inhibition, spatial mapping and working
      memory). Only the theory of spatial cognition seems to account for our present
      findings.

PMID- 6440671
TI  - [Asymmetrical distribution of clathrin in the Golgi apparatus of polypeptide
      secreting cells].
AB  - Using an antibody revealed by the protein A-gold technique, we have studied the
      distribution of clathrin antigenic sites in the Golgi area of pancreatic B-cells.
      Golgi compartments showing an immunolabelling comprised extensive segments of
      cisternae, typical coated vesicles, dilated extremities of cisternae with
      condensing secretory material, and newly formed secretory granules. Most of the
      labelled membranes were observed at the trans Golgi pole while little
      immunoreactivity was found on the cis pole.

PMID- 6440672
TI  - [Demonstration of a different localization of perikarya immunoreactive to
      oxytocin and vasopressin in the cat hypothalamus].
AB  - Using immunohistochemical techniques, we demonstrated oxytocin (OT) and
      vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the cat hypothalamus. The OT immunoreactive neurons
      were found mainly in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and dorsal
      accessory group located lateral to the fornix. In addition to these hypothalamic
      structures, the AVP immunoreactive neurons were observed in the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus, ventral accessory group located in the retrochiasmatic area and lateral
      accessory group, dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus caudally, and ventral to the
      medial part of the internal capsule rostrally. We further demonstrated a
      different localization of the OT and AVP immunoreactive neurons in the
      paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei.

PMID- 6440673
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the glycopeptides in normal liver cells and in Zajdela
      ascitic hepatoma cells in the rat].
AB  - Glycopeptides obtained after pronase digestion of normal rat hepatocytes and
      Zajdela hepatoma cells after 3H-mannose or 3H-glucosamine incorporation were
      compared. In both cell types, the glycopeptides were resolved in four peaks after
      gel filtration on Biogel P6 with a different distribution of radioactivity in
      normal and tumoral cells. The first peak (I) contained high molecular weight
      glycopeptides, and particularly a megaloglycopeptide (MW 70,000) exclusively
      present in malignant cells. Peaks II and III contained only N-linked
      glycopeptides but the ratio bi-antennary/tri-tetra-antennary glycopeptides was
      very different in normal and malignant cells. Only polymannosidic
      oligosaccharides were detected in peak IV and their amount was more important in
      normal than in malignant cells. These results are discussed in relation with the
      differentiation state of hepatic cells.

PMID- 6440674
TI  - [Bioaccumulation of lithium by marine organisms in European, American, and Asian
      coastal zones: microanalytic study using secondary ion emission].
AB  - 37 species of aquatic mammals, fish, crustacea, annelids, molluscs belonging to
      cephalopods, gasteropods and lamellibranchs were collected from coastal waters of
      France: North Sea, English Channel, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, from
      Greece: Aegian Sea, from North America: Atlantic Ocean and from Japan: Pacific
      Ocean, Sea of Japan and East China Sea. Microanalyses which were performed on
      organs and tissues, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, revealed high
      concentrations of lithium, which is commonly used in human therapy, but is also
      toxic in low amounts. The retention of this metal by the marine organisms appears
      as a general phenomenon independent of their biotope and geographical origin; the
      highest lithium levels were detected in the fish muscles (= edible part).

PMID- 6440675
TI  - [Detection of the larva of Taenia multilocularis in 2 voles (Microtus arvalis and
      Clethrionomys glareolus) in a focus of alveolar echinococcosis in the Massif
      Central (France)].
AB  - Small wild rodents were collected and examined during 1983-1984 to investigate
      parasite-host relationships of Echinococcus multilocularis in one habitat
      suitable for red foxes of Auvergne (France). The natural infestation of the liver
      of two different voles, Microtus arvalis and Clethrionomys glareolus, by the
      larval stage of the cestode is recorded for the first time. In the both cases,
      the larvae were fully developed and numerous protoscolices were present with some
      calcareous corpuscules; the expansion of the larvae involved several hepatic
      lobes in Microtus and was restricted to a single lobe in Clethrionomys.
      Epidemiological consequences of the receptivity of the two hosts are not yet
      investigated in the field. However several species of voles inhabiting the same
      endemic area and which are receptive to the larval stage of alveolar
      echinococcosis should be a favourable factor of durability for the cestodiasis of
      the foxes; so the parasite is able of surviving the cyclic and considerable but
      not simultaneous fluctuations of the three populations of voles which are locally
      implicated in the zoonosis: M. arvalis, C. glareolus and Arvicola terrestris, by
      changing from one species to the others.

PMID- 6440676
TI  - [New findings on the organization of retinal projections in the Scyliorhinus
      canicula shark. Radioautographic study].
AB  - The retinal projections of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula were re-examined using
      the radioautographic method following the intraocular injection of tritiated
      tracers. New primary visual centers were identified. Overall 12 distinct sites of
      termination of contralateral optic endings were found distributed within five
      levels of the brain (hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum, tectum and mesencephalic
      tegmentum). Furthermore the presence of a small ipsilateral retinal projection
      was demonstrated attaining the hypothalamic thalamo:pretectal and tectal levels.
      These new data broaden our understanding of the organization of the primary
      visual system in Scyliorhinus as defined previously using the degeneration
      technique.

PMID- 6440677
TI  - [Pharmacological sensitivity of the photopic c-wave in the electroretinogram of
      the chicken. I. Effects of sodium azide, adrenaline, and a barbiturate].
AB  - The c-wave recorded in the chicken electroretinogram proved to be cone-triggered.
      The effect of various drugs active on pigment epithelium and on c-waves in
      scotopic retinas were tested in order to determine whether a similar mechanism
      may underlie both rod- and cone-triggered c-waves. Our results indeed point to
      such a similar reactivity of both types of c-waves. Pentothal, a short-acting
      barbiturate induced--as it does in the sheep--a transient disappearance of the c
      wave. Sodium azide and adrenaline produced very similar effects: when injected
      i.v., these drugs produced a transient increase in the resting potential of the
      eye (the "azide potential"). When injected im or i.p., both drugs provoked--as
      they do in rabbit or in rat retinas--an increase in the voltage of the c-wave,
      but this increase was preceded in the chicken by a partial or total suppression
      of this component.

PMID- 6440678
TI  - [Sea-blue histiocytosis--report of 7 cases].

PMID- 6440679
TI  - [Preliminary observations on the morphology and cytochemistry of sea-blue
      histiocytes].

PMID- 6440680
TI  - [Medico-sociological studies of hemophilia].

PMID- 6440681
TI  - [Ultrastructure of marrow cells in preleukemia].

PMID- 6440682
TI  - [Clinical significance of determining circulatory platelet aggregates in
      thrombotic diseases].

PMID- 6440683
TI  - [Nervous system manifestations in altitude erythremia].

PMID- 6440684
TI  - [The effect of high-frequency jet ventilation on respiratory function under
      general anesthesia].

PMID- 6440685
TI  - [Morphological observations on 160 normal eyes in 80 subjects].

PMID- 6440686
TI  - [Genetic counseling by electronic computer in cases of cleft lip and palate].

PMID- 6440687
TI  - [Compression therapy in the treatment of hyperplastic scars].

PMID- 6440688
TI  - [The EGJ-I sonotubometer and initial results of its use].

PMID- 6440689
TI  - [Advances in filarial chyluria research].

PMID- 6440690
TI  - [One-stage total auricle reconstruction combined with simultaneous formation of
      the external ear canal and tympanoplasty--report of 40 cases].

PMID- 6440691
TI  - [One-stage reconstruction of the penis with free skin flap from the forearm-
      report of 5 cases].

PMID- 6440692
TI  - [Reconstruction of the vagina by using the labia minora supplemented by partial
      skin grafting].

PMID- 6440693
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in porcine valve heterografts before and after
      implantation].

PMID- 6440694
TI  - [Pituitary adenomas with acromegaly--pathological analysis of light and electron
      microscopic findings in 60 cases].

PMID- 6440695
TI  - [Identification of beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial
      activity of furbenicillin to this strain of bacteria].

PMID- 6440696
TI  - [Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of leukemic pulmonary lesions].

PMID- 6440697
TI  - [A single umbilical artery--analysis of 14 cases].

PMID- 6440698
TI  - [Hemangioma of the skull--report of 12 cases].

PMID- 6440699
TI  - [Venous network pattern of a free skin flap--report of one case].

PMID- 6440700
TI  - [Clinical use of new antihypertensives].

PMID- 6440701
TI  - [Advances in the research of polymicrobial bacteremia].

PMID- 6440702
TI  - [The electrocardiogram of patients with pacemakers].

PMID- 6440703
TI  - Growth inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by L-phenylalanine and its
      analogues in defined media.
AB  - Growth inhibition by phenylalanine (0.25 mmol/L in defined agar media) was
      present in about 1% of over 1000 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      isolates tested. Turbidometry of several phenylalanine-sensitive isolates showed
      that their growth rates decreased in proportion to phenylalanine concentrations
      up to about 1 mmol/L. The growth rate was unaffected if 0.04 mmol/L tyrosine was
      also present. The phenylalanine analogue DL-3-fluorophenylalanine inhibited the
      growth of all 23 isolates further tested on agar. This inhibition was depressed
      by phenylalanine in all 17 phenylalanine-resistant isolates. Phenylalanine plus
      tyrosine were required to derepress the analogue inhibition in the other six
      phenylalanine-sensitive isolates. Phenylalanine-sensitive isolates may have a
      defect in aromatic amino acid synthesis, not involving auxotrophy, but manifested
      through regulation of the pathways. Phenylalanine effectively repressed tyrosine
      and phenylalanine synthesis. In 125 isolates including 85 beta-lactamase
      producers (PPNG) and 32 phenylalanine-sensitive isolates, phenylalanine inhibited
      63.2% of 38 PPNG isolates carrying the 3.2 megadalton (Md) plasmid, but only one
      of 47 PPNG isolates carrying the 4.5 Md plasmid. PPNG isolates are most often of
      the proline, ornithine, or nonrequiring auxotypes. Phenylalanine sensitivity did
      not appear to be auxotype dependent.

PMID- 6440704
TI  - The University of Toronto head injury treatment study: a prospective, randomized
      comparison of pentobarbital and mannitol.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients were treated in a prospective, randomized comparison of
      pentobarbital and mannitol for the control of intracranial hypertension resulting
      from head injury. Patients with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) after
      evacuation of intracranial hematomas were randomized to one of two treatment
      groups; mannitol initially or pentobarbital initially, followed by the second
      drug as required by further elevation of ICP. Similarly, patients with raised ICP
      but without hematomas requiring evacuation were randomly assigned to two
      treatment groups in an identical paradigm. Those with ICP elevation and no
      hematoma treated with pentobarbital as initial therapy had a 77% mortality
      compared to a 41% mortality for those with mannitol as initial treatment.
      Patients with evacuated hematomas had mortalities of 40% and 43% (no significant
      difference) for pentobarbital and mannitol respectively. In both no-hematoma and
      hematoma streams pentobarbital was less effective than mannitol for control of
      raised ICP. Multivariable statistical analysis indicates that pentobarbital coma
      is not better than mannitol for the treatment of intracranial hypertension and
      may be harmful in no-hematoma patients with intracranial hypertension after head
      injury.

PMID- 6440705
TI  - Free valproic acid: steady-state pharmacokinetics in patients with intractable
      epilepsy.
AB  - Free and total valproic acid (VPA) pharmacokinetic evaluation was carried out at
      steady state in six young epileptics who were also receiving other
      anticonvulsants. Subjects received their usual morning dose of VPA after an
      overnight fast. Blood samples for free and total VPA were taken prior to the dose
      and frequently thereafter for 12 hours. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters
      for total VPA and free VPA were: half-lives of 7.5 +/- 1.6 hours and 5.0 +/- 1.5
      hours, volumes of distribution of 0.189 +/- 0.038 l/kg and 1.51 +/- 0.98 l/kg,
      and clearances of 0.30 +/- 0.06 and 3.6 +/- 2.0 ml/min/kg., respectively. There
      was a strong correlation between percent free VPA and total VPA (r = 0.81) but
      marked inter- and intra-subject variations were seen. Studies attempting to
      correlate VPA levels to clinical response must take such data into account.

PMID- 6440706
TI  - Radiolabelled peanut lectin for the scintigraphic detection of cancer.
AB  - To investigate the role of intravenously administered, radioiodinated peanut
      lectin (131I-PNA) in the non-invasive detection of cancer, the pharmacokinetics
      and scintigraphic distribution of this novel tumor-seeking compound were studied
      in 8 patients with metastatic cancer of the colon, breast or lung. Scintigraphic
      localization of 131I-PNA was apparent at certain anatomical sites of known
      metastases in 2 patients and in a further 2 patients an adjacent malignant
      pleural effusion was visualized. The rapid clearance of radioactivity from the
      whole body and plasma with marked renal concentration and rapid urinary excretion
      of significant amounts of intact 131I-PNA (mol. wt. 107,000, pI 5.95) implied
      that this molecule was excreted selectively by the renal tubules. PNA or other
      lectins may find a role in the scintigraphic detection of selected types of
      cancer.

PMID- 6440707
TI  - Pregnancy-associated molecular variants of human serum transcortin and thyroxine
      binding globulin.
AB  - Affinity chromatography on immobilised concanavalin A revealed that transcortin
      and thyroxine-binding globulin isolated from human postpartum serum contained
      approximately 10% of molecular variants that did not occur in these glycoproteins
      isolated from normal donor serum (both male and female). The chromatographic
      behaviour of the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein variants, their monosaccharide
      compositions, and the results of methylation analysis indicated that these
      variants contained only triantennary oligosaccharide chains of the N-acetyl
      lactosamine type.

PMID- 6440708
TI  - Inhibitory and bactericidal activities of amifloxacin, a new quinolone carboxylic
      acid, compared with those of seven other antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The activity of amifloxacin, a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound, against
      147 strains of microorganisms was studied and was compared with the activities of
      cinoxacin, trimethoprim, amikacin, and four beta-lactam antimicrobials. The
      minimal concentration at which 90% of strains were inhibited by amifloxacin was
      lowest for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp (less than or equal to 0.125
      microgram/ml), followed by Proteus sp (less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml),
      Enterobacter sp and Citrobacter sp (less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml),
      Providencia sp (less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml), and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Serratia sp, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus (less than
      or equal to 8 micrograms/ml). When compared with the ranges of activity of seven
      reference antimicrobials, the range of amifloxacin activity was lowest for P
      aeruginosa, Citrobacter sp, Proteus sp, and A calcoaceticus var anitratus and
      similar to aztreonam's activity against Enterobacter sp. For amikacin-resistant P
      aeruginosa, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amifloxacin ranged
      from 1 to 16 micrograms/ml. The MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations
      (MBCs) of amifloxacin were similar. For all strains tested, microbial
      susceptibilities to amifloxacin were greater than those to currently available
      oral antimicrobial drugs, such as cinoxacin and trimethoprim.

PMID- 6440709
TI  - [Growth hormone response to the administration of thyreoliberin during aging].

PMID- 6440710
TI  - Effect of trifluoperazine, compound 48/80, TMB-8 and verapamil on ionophore
      A23187 mediated calcium uptake in ATP depleted human red cells.
AB  - The A23187 induced calcium uptake in ATP depleted cells was determined at pH 6.9
      in the presence of trifluoperazine (TFP, 0.30 mM), compound 48/80 (0.89 mg/ml), 8
      (N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8, 2.13 mM) and verapamil
      (1.81 mM). Apart from verapamil the drugs all increased the maximum rate of
      ionophore-mediated calcium flux by 50-60 per cent. After the ionophore addition
      some time elapsed before the calcium flux attained the maximum value, and this
      time dependence could be interpreted as a slow uptake of A23187 into the
      membrane: five seconds after the addition of A23187 half of the added ionophore
      was able to transport calcium through the membrane. The effect of pH on the
      ionophore-mediated calcium uptake was determined in the absence and presence of
      TFP. At pH 7.4 the maximum rate of calcium flux in the absence of TFP was two to
      three times higher than that at pH 6.9 and TFP increased the uptake rate by 98
      per cent.

PMID- 6440711
TI  - Calcium efflux associated with encystment of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores.
AB  - Zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora palmivora, pre-labeled with 45Ca, excreted
      up to 30% of their total 45Ca when stimulated to encyst. Excretion was
      essentially completed within 90 sec of the application of the stimulus.
      Encystment of the population was completed within 5 min. Four different stimuli
      were used: pectin addition (420 micrograms ml-1), Sr2+ addition (5 mM), cyclic
      AMP addition (6.7 mM) and mechanical agitation. The kinetics and amount of Ca
      excretion were essentially the same in each case. The calcium ionophore A23187
      increased the rate of 45Ca uptake by motile zoospores, incubated in 100 microM
      CaCl2, but did not induce encystment under these conditions. The ionophore did
      not induce 45Ca efflux from pre-labeled zoospores. Incubation in EGTA and in K+
      failed to induce either encystment or 45Ca excretion. We conclude that rapid
      excretion of a significant proportion of the zoospore calcium is linked to the
      early stage of stimulus-induced encystment, and that this comes from an
      intracellularly located, non-cytoplasmic source, such as the peripheral vesicles,
      but that changes in cellular Ca2+ are not necessarily the single controlling
      factor in the induction of encystment.

PMID- 6440712
TI  - Inotropic effects of ionic contrast media: the role of calcium binding additives.
AB  - Renografin-76 (RG76) regularly depresses myocardial contractility during coronary
      angiography. Angiovist-370 (AV370) is a contrast medium similar to RG76 except
      the calcium sequestering agents sodium citrate and EDTA in RG76 have been
      replaced by calcium EDTA (an additive that does not bind additional calcium). To
      determine if the calcium sequestering agents contribute to the mechanical
      depression produced by ionic contrast media, this study compared the inotropic
      response of RG76 to that of AV370. Additionally, saline solutions containing
      sodium citrate + EDTA and calcium EDTA at concentrations found in the respective
      contrast media were also compared. In 10 open chest dogs the percent change and
      duration of the inotropic response following intracoronary injections of RG76 and
      AV370, as well as solutions of sodium citrate + EDTA and calcium EDTA were
      compared using Walton-Brodie strain gauges. Injections, 2 cc, of RG76 and AV370
      produced a biphasic response characterized by an initial negative inotropic
      response followed by a more prolonged positive inotropic response. The magnitude
      (67 +/- 3% vs 59 +/- 2%; p less than 0.001) and duration (34 +/- 3 vs 24 +/- 2
      sec; p less than 0.001) of the initial negative inotropic response was greater
      with RG76 than with AV370. The magnitude of the secondary positive inotropic
      response with RG76 was not different from that obtained with AV370 (31 +/- 12% vs
      28 +/- 10%; p greater than 0.3). This positive response was not affected by beta
      adrenergic blockage with 0.2 mg/kg of timolol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440713
TI  - Effect of pronase treatment on step-down and step-up photophobic responses in
      Euglena gracilis.
AB  - Pronase-treated cells of Euglena gracilis Z show no discernible ultrastructural
      effects on the photoreceptor apparatus; however, there are physiological effects
      on swimming speed and on step-up and step-down photophobic responses, especially
      the latter. Pronase acts differently on the two photophobic responses: the step
      down response is completely inhibited after 2 hr., whereas inhibition of the step
      up response occurs in only 50% of the cells even after 24 hr. The effects are
      fully reversible, with step-up recovery quite rapid and step-down recovery
      considerably slower.

PMID- 6440714
TI  - [Circulating immunocomplexes in patients with cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 6440715
TI  - [Chondrodysplasia punctata with anomalous symmetrical ossification of the ulna].

PMID- 6440716
TI  - Chemical modification of tryptophan and histidine residues in semi-alkaline
      proteinase from Aspergillus melleus.

PMID- 6440717
TI  - Electrostatic forces in the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by
      methotrexate. A field potential study.

PMID- 6440718
TI  - [Parenteral and enteral nutrition in esophageal stenosis. Initial clinico
      experimental results].
AB  - The Authors study the pre- and post-operative nutritional treatment of the
      patients suffering from oesophageal stenosis, principally neoplastic, waiting to
      undergo the radical operation. Although the compensation of the nutritional
      situation of these patients through the enteral and parenteral nutrition results
      difficult to be effected, the results encourage to apply this clinical practice
      everywhere a demolitive operation, always long, heavy, and burdened by a high
      morbidity and mortality, is foreseen.

PMID- 6440719
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in a general surgery department. Our initial
      experience].
AB  - The Authors refer on their first experiences on the use of TPN with brief
      considerations on the results. A few precautions for the avoidance of the most
      common complications are reviewed.

PMID- 6440720
TI  - [Experimental study on the cellulose acetate diffusion method for the
      identification of mosquito blood meals].

PMID- 6440721
TI  - Non A-non B hepatitis in a dialysis population: spread by dental surgery?

PMID- 6440722
TI  - Cytokinetics of mononuclear phagocyte response to listeriosis in genetically
      determined sensitive and resistant murine hosts.
AB  - Genetically-determined differences in resistance to infection with L.
      monocytogenes are controlled by a single, non-H-2 linked gene Lr, which is
      expressed in some facet of the response of the mononuclear phagocyte system to
      listeriosis. In this study, the kinetics of monocyte production and turnover have
      been compared in Listeria-resistant B10.A and Listeria-sensitive A strain mice,
      in response to either listerial infection or stimulation with a water-soluble
      monocytosis-producing activity extracted from L. monocytogenes. Promonocyte
      generation time in resistant mice fell from approximately 17 to 13 h on the first
      day of infection, or several hours following injection of monocytosis-producing
      activity, whereas there was no such shortening of promonocyte generation time in
      susceptible mice at these times. Similarly, the half-time of circulating
      monocytes fell by approximately 8-9 h following listerial infection or injection
      of extracts of monocytosis-producing activity in resistant, but not in
      susceptible, mice. The Lr gene may, therefore, be controlling the production and
      emigration of mononuclear phagocytes shortly following infection, this in turn
      determining the degree of susceptibility of the host to listeriosis.

PMID- 6440723
TI  - A non-alcoholic Japanese patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy and Marchiafava
      Bignami disease.
AB  - In Japan Wernicke's encephalopathy is not rare, but only one case of Marchiafava
      Bignami disease has been reported. In our case, Wernicke lesions were found in
      the mamillary bodies, septal nuclei, and periventricular regions. Involvement of
      the septal nuclei is rare in this encephalopathy. A characteristic Marchiafava
      Bignami lesion was observed only in the anterior part of the corpus callosum.
      From the clinicopathologic viewpoint, Wernicke's encephalopathy might have
      preceded Marchiafava-Bignami disease in our case. To our knowledge, only two
      cases without a history of alcoholism and both suffering from Wernicke's
      encephalopathy and Marchiafava-Bignami disease have been documented. However, in
      both cases Wernicke lesions were atypical, since characteristic lesions were
      absent in the mamillary bodies and in the regions surrounding the third ventricle
      and the aqueduct. Ours appears to be the first report on a non-alcoholic patient
      with typical lesions of both diseases.

PMID- 6440724
TI  - [A case of opsoclonus-polymyoclonia syndrome--suppression by TRH and 5
      hydroxytryptophan].

PMID- 6440725
TI  - [A case of macro square wave jerks due to cerebellar hemorrhage].

PMID- 6440726
TI  - [Endocrinological study of hypogonadism and feminization in patients with bulbar
      spinal muscular atrophy].

PMID- 6440727
TI  - Factor VIII competitive enzyme assay: observations in von Willebrand's variants
      and hemophiliacs.
AB  - The competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (CELIA) was used to quantitate factor
      VIII antigen in plasma from 24 patients with von Willebrand's disease (VWD), VWD
      variant or hemophilia A. This demonstration of CELIA's clinical usefulness is
      significant because the simplicity and efficiency of the technique make it
      suitable for use in many health-related institutions regardless of size or
      sophistication.

PMID- 6440728
TI  - Sequential development of platelet, neutrophil and red cell autoantibodies
      associated with measles infection.
AB  - This study describes the development of autoimmune thrombocytopenia followed by
      autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in a Negro woman with measles. An IgM platelet
      autoantibody was detected using a fluorescent labelled antiglobulin technique.
      The thrombocytopenia resolved spontaneously, although the platelet autoantibody
      persisted and platelet survival remained shortened, suggesting a compensated
      thrombocytolytic state. An IgG granulocyte autoantibody was present transiently
      although the patient was never neutropenic. The haemolytic anaemia was due to an
      IgM cold autoantibody (anti-I), which was active up to 30 degrees C, and an IgG
      warm autoantibody, which was detectable only when she was severely anaemic. After
      an initial blood transfusion, the anaemia resolved and the red cell
      autoantibodies disappeared. The platelet, granulocyte and red cell autoantibodies
      were cell-specific and not a single cross-reacting antibody.

PMID- 6440729
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of DDAVP in surgery and in bleeding episodes in
      haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. A study on 43 patients.
AB  - 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP), was used in a wide spectrum of
      clinical situations employing two different dosages (0.3 and 0.4 microgram/kg
      b.w.) for the management of 43 patients with factor VIII deficiencies--mild and
      moderate haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease (vWD). In most instances, the
      drug was given in association with antifibrinolytics. Twenty-five dental
      extractions were carried out with two different protocols: one based upon a
      single infusion and the other based upon three infusions. Bleeding occurred in
      three patients regardless of the protocol used. The vasopressin analogue promptly
      stopped bleeding in 12 'spontaneous' open bleeds (haematuria, epistaxis,
      menometrorrhagia, gum bleeding) and it appears to be also effective in closed
      bleeds. DDAVP was used to minimize blood loss during surgical interventions and
      to avoid haemorrhage in the postoperative period. Nine surgical procedures were
      carried out in six vWD patients and three haemophiliacs. Bleeding occurred late
      in the postoperative period on one occasion only. No difference was demonstrated
      between the two doses of the drug either in terms of clinical benefit or rise of
      factor VIII coagulant activity. The efficacy of DDAVP and the absence of side
      effects make this vasopressin analogue worthy of consideration as a reliable
      alternative to factor VIII concentrates in a wide variety of clinical situations.

PMID- 6440730
TI  - Detection of carotenoids in blood donors taking Orobronze: a cautionary note.
AB  - During the summer, plasma samples from eight blood donors at this transfusion
      centre were found to have a bright orange colour. All donors appeared to be
      healthy and haematological tests showed no abnormality. Extracts of lipid from
      the plasma revealed the presence of the carotenoid canthaxanthin and other
      carotenoid metabolites which were identified by thin-layer chromatography and
      high-pressure liquid chromatography, light absorbtion and mass spectrometry. On
      questioning the donors it was found that they had been taking a course of
      'Orobronze' (an oral 'bronzing' treatment containing canthaxanthin).
      Canthaxanthin was still detectable in the plasma several months after the donors
      had ceased taking the capsules. At present it seems that there would be no
      deleterious effects on healthy individuals taking orobronze. The full
      implications of the presence of canthaxanthin in plasma transfused to patients
      do, however, require further investigation of carotenoid metabolism in man.

PMID- 6440731
TI  - Choice of anticoagulants for packed cell volume and mean cell volume
      determination.

PMID- 6440732
TI  - Tissue-selective inhibition of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in man:
      investigative and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6440733
TI  - Measurement of oxygen consumption in preterm infants: assessment of a method
      using a mass spectrometer.
AB  - A flow-through system for measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide
      (VCO2) and water (VH2O) production using a mass spectrometer for analysis of PO2,
      PCO2 and PH2O, was assessed with regard to the range expected for very small
      preterm infants. The technique was tested by burning ethanol, and close
      correlations were found between the measured and the theoretical VO2 (VCO2 and
      VH2O) values. Close correlation was also found between the measured and the
      theoretical VO2 when oxygen in the system was displaced by a gas mixture
      containing 10% O2 in nitrogen. The VO2 values found in a small number of infants
      compare well with values published in the literature. During all tests VO2 was
      also measured using a paramagnetic oxygen analyser. No significant difference in
      VO2 was found between the theoretical values and the values found with the two
      different methods or between the two methods, when the infants were studied.

PMID- 6440734
TI  - The effect of solubilized bone matrix fractions from different mammalian species
      on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Human and bovine bone matrices were extracted with salt solutions of different
      composition and the extracts tested for stimulation of incorporation of
      radioactivity from [3H]glucosamine and [35S]SO4 into the hyaluronic acid and
      chondroitin sulfate of the cell pellet, the cell surface and the medium fractions
      of human synovial cells in culture. Stimulatory activity was extracted with a
      solution of 0.3 M EDTA in 2.5 M NaCl from bovine but not human bone. Subsequent
      extraction of the residues with 4 M guanidinium hydrochloride yielded activity
      from both matrices. A major stimulation of incorporation of radioactivity was
      observed in the cell surface fractions. Human synovial cells constitute a more
      sensitive assay system for the stimulatory activity than rabbit synovial cells.

PMID- 6440735
TI  - Hormonal changes during the first year of use of subdermal levonoregestrel
      implants, Norplant.
AB  - Sixty-three women had NORPLANT implants inserted during the first eight days of
      the menstrual cycle. Blood specimens were withdrawn at the time of insertion and
      every three days during one of the following months of observation; the first,
      third, sixth, ninth and twelfth month after insertion. Ten subjects were sampled
      at multiple times during implant use. A total of 83 months of observation was
      available. The serum concentrations of levonorgestrel (LNG), FSH, LH, prolactin
      (PRL), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (prog) were measured in each specimen. LNG
      concentration rapidly declined during the first 15 days of use, the decline
      became more gradual during the subsequent two weeks, and an almost steady level
      was reached during the remainder of the year. There were no significant trends of
      change in the levels of FSH, LH, E2 and prog during the year. Frequent peaks in
      E2 concentration were observed and were generally associated with or followed by
      LH surges. PRL concentration showed a slight but significant rise during the
      second half of the year. Rises in prog concentration suggestive of ovulation
      occurred in 36 percent of the months of observation. However, in all these
      instances, there were evidences suggestive of deficient luteal phase. The
      bleeding episodes were usually, but not always, related to decline in E2 and prog
      concentrations.

PMID- 6440736
TI  - Effect of subdermal levonorgestrel contraceptive implants, Norplant, on liver
      functions.
AB  - Forty-seven normal health women were studied longitudinally for changes in liver
      functions during the use of the levonorgestrel contraceptive implant system,
      NORPLANT. Samples were collected before insertion of the implants and after one,
      three and six months of use. The enzymes studied were the transaminases (SGOT and
      SGPT), alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Serum bilirubin and
      bile acid levels were also measured. The protein synthetic function of the liver
      was tested by estimation of total proteins, albumin, transferrin, hemopexin,
      ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. The three main immunoglobulins, G, M and A, were
      also measured. There were no significant changes in the liver enzymes after
      NORPLANT use. Serum bilirubin and bile acid concentrations showed rises in the
      first month of use which ameliorated in subsequent months. Serum albumin was
      transiently increased during the first and third months. Ceruloplasmin decreased
      significantly at the sixth month. The concentrations of total serum proteins and
      the other individual proteins showed no significant change. The results point to
      safety of NORPLANT implant use, as regards hepatic functions.

PMID- 6440737
TI  - Effect of subdermal levonorgestrel contraceptive implants, Norplant, on serum
      lipids.
AB  - Forty-seven normal non-smoking parous women were enrolled in a longitudinal study
      of the effect of use of the subdermal levonorgestrel implants, NORPLANT, on serum
      lipids. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast before insertion and
      after three, six, nine and twelve months of use. The high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol showed no change until the twelfth month when it was increased (P
      less than .05). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and
      triglyceride levels decreased significantly during NORPLANT use.

PMID- 6440738
TI  - Effect of levonorgestrel contraceptive implants, Norplant, on blood coagulation.
AB  - A longitudinal study of coagulation parameters was carried out on 47 women using
      the levonorgestrel subdermal implants, NORPLANT. The study comprised measurement
      of platelet count, prothrombin time, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time
      with kaolin, clotting factors I, II, V and VI through XIII, plasminogen,
      antithrombin III (AT III), alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 2 macroglobulin and
      fibrinogen degradation products. The tests were done at admission and after one,
      three and six months of NORPLANT use. Parallel and similar studies were done on
      two groups of oral contraceptive users; the first group used a pill containing 1
      mg norethisterone and 50 micrograms mestranol, and the second a pill consisting
      of 150 micrograms levonorgestrel and 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol. Results from
      this ongoing study have indicated that women using NORPLANT implants evidenced
      lack of effects on most of the parameters tested except for factor VII activity
      which was increased and AT III concentration which was decreased after six months
      of use. The combined pill users evidenced marked changes in the platelet count,
      the screening tests and in most of the coagulation-promoting factors; the changes
      were apparent after three months of use and became more pronounced after six
      months. The results demonstrate, with marked contrast, that the implants had less
      pronounced effects on the blood coagulation system than did the combined pills
      used in this study.

PMID- 6440739
TI  - Immediate postabortal contraception with Norplant: levonorgestrel, gonadotropin,
      estradiol, and progesterone levels over two postabortal months and return of
      fertility after removal of Norplant capsules.
AB  - Six Silastic levonorgestrel-releasing capsules, Norplant, were introduced
      subcutaneously into the ventral aspect of the left forearm or upper arm of
      thirteen patients immediately after first trimester pregnancy termination. Blood
      samples were taken twice a week over two months after abortion and from one
      subject over one month after removal of Norplant capsules. Plasma concentrations
      of levonorgestrel were measured by radioimmunoassay and the effects of treatment
      on pituitary and ovarian function were determined by assaying plasma
      concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. If removal of Norplant
      capsules took place because of planning pregnancy, the subjects were asked to
      inform us if they had become pregnant. During the first month after abortion the
      mean levonorgestrel concentration (489 pg/ml) was statistically significantly
      higher than during the second month (237 pg/ml). The mean estradiol values fell
      to prefollicular levels within four days, remaining a little suppressed. The mean
      progesterone concentrations were below 2 ng/ml three days after abortion. Three
      subjects had a transient increase in plasma progesterone concentrations nine days
      after abortion. Thereafter no ovulatory progesterone concentrations were seen.
      The LH concentrations ranged within normal values of the follicular phase and FSH
      values were just beneath the lower limit of follicular phase FSH values, apart
      from a few peaks, indicating mild suppression. After removal of Norplant
      capsules, progesterone concentrations increased to ovulatory levels fifteen days
      after removal. The Norplant capsules were removed from two subjects because of
      planning pregnancy and they delivered healthy babies 9.5 and 12.5 months after
      removal.

PMID- 6440740
TI  - Intrauterine contraception with copper and with levonorgestrel: a randomized
      study of the TCu 380Ag and levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day devices.
AB  - First year results of a randomized study of 1509 users of the Copper T380Ag with
      a silver core or of an IUD releasing 20 mcg day of levonorgestrel are reported.
      The cumulative gross pregnancy rate for each device was 0.3 per 100 at one year,
      with more than 490 women having one year of use with each device. The
      levonorgestrel-releasing device was associated with significantly fewer bleeding
      days and significantly increased hemoglobin levels when compared with pre
      admission values or the one year values observed among users of the TCu380Ag.
      Terminations attributable to amenorrhea were significantly more frequent among
      users of the levonorgestrel-releasing device. The TCu 380Ag was associated with
      increased frequency and severity of dysmenorrhea compared with pre-admission
      levels or with the steroid-releasing device. Hemoglobin levels were somewhat
      reduced among users of the TCu 380Ag device. Terminations attributable to pain
      were, however, not significantly different by device. Continuation rates at the
      end of the first year were not significantly different by device.

PMID- 6440741
TI  - Gut consumption of intravenously administered fuels.

PMID- 6440742
TI  - Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy: a modified technic to prevent reflux.

PMID- 6440743
TI  - Heat and bandage treatment for chronic lymphedema of extremities. Report of 1,045
      patients.

PMID- 6440744
TI  - Two types of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 6440745
TI  - Hypopyon and iris necrosis in acute-closure glaucoma. Report of two cases.

PMID- 6440746
TI  - Surgical correction of dipygus.

PMID- 6440747
TI  - Mycobacterial morphological study by electron microscope and thin section.

PMID- 6440748
TI  - The in vitro effect of thymic polypeptide on peripheral lymphocytes of children
      with respiratory diseases and a preliminary observation of its therapeutic
      efficacy.

PMID- 6440749
TI  - Parathyroid adenoma with primary hyperparathyroidism and tuberous sclerosis. A
      case report.

PMID- 6440750
TI  - HLA and schistosomiasis japonica.

PMID- 6440751
TI  - Abnormal dilatation of the internal jugular vein.

PMID- 6440752
TI  - Preliminary field trials of Romanomermis jingdeensis against Anopheles sinensis
      in the suburbs of Shanghai.

PMID- 6440753
TI  - Electromyographic findings in normal Chinese. Analysis of 310 subjects.

PMID- 6440754
TI  - Direct communication between right pulmonary artery and left atrium. A case
      report.

PMID- 6440755
TI  - [Monstrous neurofibromatosis. Clinical case].

PMID- 6440756
TI  - [Ovarian function following ligation of the fallopian tubes].

PMID- 6440757
TI  - Laminin, proteoglycan, nidogen and collagen IV: structural models and molecular
      interactions.
AB  - Major components of basement membranes, including collagen IV, laminin, heparan
      sulphate proteoglycan and nidogen, were isolated from the matrix of the EHS
      sarcoma. The purified components were analysed for their domain structure and for
      the participation of distinct domains in molecular interactions and cell binding.
      Collagen IV consists of four domains which have triple helical or non-collagenous
      structures. Self-assembly of the protein into a network-like organization occurs
      by specific interactions between N-terminal triple helical segments and between
      the C-terminal globules. Cell binding requires a central triple helical segment.
      Laminin has the shape of an asymmetrical cross; different globular domains within
      this structure mediate binding to proteoglycan and to cells. The proteoglycan
      consists of four heparan sulphate chains attached to a small protein core. These
      chains have the potential to bind laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV. Nidogen
      was isolated in several molecular forms which showed either self-aggregation or
      binding to laminin.

PMID- 6440758
TI  - Proteoglycans in basement membranes.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that sulphated proteoglycans are integral components
      of basement membranes. We have used mouse parietal yolk sac cells as a model
      system for our studies. These cells produce several basement membrane components,
      including a heparan sulphate proteoglycan and a chondroitin sulphate
      proteoglycan. The structure of the heparan sulphate proteoglycan has been
      described previously. The chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan has an Mr of 200 000
      300 000 and contains 10-20 chondroitin sulphate chains (Mr = 14 000-16 000),
      attached to a core protein that on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis appears as
      a doublet (with Mr = 34 000 and 27 000). Further structural analysis suggests
      that the majority of the polysaccharide chains are clustered around one segment
      of the core protein. The polysaccharide chains carry sulphate residues
      predominantly attached to C-4 of the galactosamine unit. More than 60% of the
      uronic acid residues are of the glucuronic configuration, the rest being iduronic
      acid. The parietal yolk sac cells secrete about equal amounts of the two
      proteoglycans into the culture medium, whereas heparan sulphate proteoglycan is
      the predominant proteoglycan found in the extracellular matrix of these cells.
      This proteoglycan appears to be anchored in the matrix by interactions involving
      the core protein rather than the polysaccharide chains.

PMID- 6440759
TI  - [A study of bacterial flora in burn wards].

PMID- 6440760
TI  - [The serotypes of 192 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn
      patients].

PMID- 6440761
TI  - [Experimental study and clinical observations on glutaraldehyde-treated skin
      grafts].

PMID- 6440762
TI  - [Clinical problems in the prophylactic use of antibiotics].

PMID- 6440763
TI  - Use of somatic cell hybrids for quantitation of mutagenesis: reduction in
      background mutants by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
AB  - Environmentally induced mutations, especially those involving large scale genetic
      damage such as deletions and chromosome loss, are of central importance in the
      production of human genetic disease and cancer. We have developed a methodology,
      the AL assay, that permits detection of such extensive genetic changes which
      often escape detection in other systems in which they are lethal. The AL assay
      employs a human-Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrid that retains a single human
      chromosome, number 11. A set of specific cell surface antigens result from genes
      located on opposite arms of this chromosome. Exposure to mutagens produces
      mutants which form colonies in the presence of complement and specific antiserum
      that kill nonmutant cells. The frequency and pattern of marker loss provides a
      measure of single gene mutation, large and small deletion, and loss of the entire
      chromosome 11. We have employed the indirect fluorescein conjugated
      isothiocyanate (FITC) technique and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to
      remove spontaneous mutants from the initial population. The 100-fold reduction in
      background thus far achieved should allow accurate analysis of mutation by
      ionizing radiation at doses of less than 10 rad.

PMID- 6440764
TI  - Enumeration of cytoplasmic mu immunoglobulin positive acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia cells by flow cytometry: comparison with fluorescence microscopy.
AB  - The pre-B phenotype of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in which the mu
      immunoglobulin molecule is expressed in the cytoplasm of the blast cells, has
      been shown to have independent prognostic significance. Patients with this
      phenotype of the disease tend to have a poorer outcome on contemporary treatment
      regimens than do those with the other B-precursor phenotypes. For these clinical
      studies, the detection of the pre-B phenotype has depended upon fluorescent
      microscope based techniques. A flow-cytometry based technique for the detection
      of the cytoplasmic mu immunoglobulin molecule is presented here and the results
      compared in detail with those of fluorescent microscopy. The results show that
      the two techniques are equivalent. The flow cytometry method has the advantage of
      a standardized control, is less labor intensive, and is observer-independent.

PMID- 6440765
TI  - Selective damage to chromatic mechanisms in neuro-ophthalmic diseases I. Review
      of published evidence.
AB  - Acquired color deficiencies may correspond to a general, non-selective loss of
      visual sensitivity. We summarise evidence for the opposite view that, in some
      cases, chromatic sensitivity can be more (or less) reduced than achromatic
      sensitivity. This evidence is based on: (1) Disproportion between chromatic and
      achromatic isopters; (2) Differential damage to red-green and blue-yellow color
      vision; (3) Detection static perimetry; (4) The foveal photochromatic interval;
      (5) The two color threshold technique; (6) Spectral sensitivity on a white
      background; (7) Single unit and histological studies of the retina and lateral
      geniculate nucleus; (8) Lesions of the prestriate color area; (9) Selective
      damage to achromatic processes. Possible problems of interpretation are
      considered and a new technique for comparing chromatic and achromatic sensitivity
      is briefly described.

PMID- 6440766
TI  - [Antipyretic effect of a polypeptide from bee venom--adolapin].

PMID- 6440767
TI  - [Spontaneous diabetes in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus)].

PMID- 6440768
TI  - [Diente Bente--14 May 1921-19 September 1983].

PMID- 6440769
TI  - [Vigilance--its EEG determination].
AB  - The definition of vigilance was based primarily on criteria of overt behaviour
      and concomitant electrographic patterns of functional states as well as on
      psychometrically tested performance. It turned out that the combination of well
      defined electroencephalographic activity patterns is an utile and reliable
      measure for the classification of different vigilance levels, even when there is
      no experimental testing of performance possible or the observation of behaviour
      misleading. We know today defined mixtures of characteristic regional EEG
      activities for the estimation on different levels of vigilance between
      supervigilance and subvigilance. There are however also deviations from regularly
      observed combinations of signs with dissociations between behaviour, performance
      and EEG-activity patterns. For the theory of vigilance one can use the analyses
      of topological and chronological organization of EEG-activities as starting
      point. Not only characteristic frequency mixtures are correlated with given
      vigilance levels; moreover the diffusion of regional activities interfering with
      all other regional activities builds up the socalled "vigilance profile". This
      profile varies with time slowly or quickly. The regular topological process
      distribution of activities is commonly the expression of a dominating mental
      process interfering with other submental processes. The chronological variations
      of vigilance profiles show their dynamism with transitions from fixed, strictly
      bound interest or "concentration" on selected objects to freely fluctuating
      interest, rapidly jumping from object to the other.

PMID- 6440770
TI  - [Electroencephalographic correlates of vigilance: methods and examples].
AB  - Quantitative methods for electroencephalographic assessment of vigilance must be
      oriented along certain principal sign patterns on the one hand, and must also
      take into account the dynamics of vigilance on the other. The more differentiated
      the approach, the more efficient will the determination be. Such quantitative
      methods can supply us with on-target and detailed information on the structure
      and dynamics of the neural processes involved in the regulation of vigilance,
      over and above the information supplied via visual analyses.

PMID- 6440771
TI  - [Clarification of the concepts vigilance and activation in pharmacopsychology and
      electrophysiology].
AB  - Nine significant concepts and definitions of vigilance and activation from the
      fields of psychology and neurophysiology are introduced. The term "vigilance"
      stands out as a neurophysiological, and especially as an electrophysiological
      construct which is designated a mediating role (disposition) in the optimal
      preparation and adaptation of behaviour to the environment. In accordance with
      this central idea, the term vigilance should be operationalised and parametrised
      primarily with neurophysiological methods. The various forms of the
      electroencephalogram are held to be the most accurate indicators of the state of
      vigilance. For the sake of semantic clarity, the term vigilance should be avoided
      in psychological research, and instead the terms attentiveness, concentration
      etc. should be used. On the basis of the tests selected for the paper, it becomes
      apparent that "vigilant" = attentive behaviour designates a working construct
      with wide applicability. The term serves to describe a preparatory state for
      optimal adaptation to and performance in the environment, which must be precisely
      defined from one experimental situation to another. These considerations apply
      particularly to human pharmacological experiments in which pharmacopsychological
      and psychopharmacological questions come into contact. The term vigilance fits
      into the concept of activation.

PMID- 6440772
TI  - [Discrepancies between clinical and neurophysiological findings in vigilance
      disorders].
AB  - In spite of the fact that animal experimentation has demonstrated the importance
      of the reticular formation of brain stem in the maintenance of consciousness some
      discrepancies still exist concerning the localization of this function in man. 40
      patients suffering from intracranial tumours localized in brain stem diencephalon
      and basal ganglia have been reviewed by authors. From this study it could be
      observed that expanding lesions involving only brain stem did not show troubles
      of awareness which were also very seldom observed in tumours involving brain stem
      and neighbouring structures. A higher incidence of troubles of awareness was
      observed in patients with tumours involving diencephalon and basal ganglia.
      Troubles of consciousness seemed unrelated with increase of intracranial pressure
      because this increase was observed frequently in the first two groups of patients
      where troubles of consciousness were not present while troubles were observed in
      73,4% of patients where intracranial pressure was not increased. A short review
      of troubles of consciousness in brain stem lesions of traumatic, vascular, and
      tumoral origin has been made by the authors and the discrepancies between
      neurophysiological data and clinical events is stressed in the light of the fact
      that hemispheric tumours more frequently than brain stem tumours cause troubles
      of consciousness. The possibility of a telencephalization of consciousness
      regulation in man is considered by authors.

PMID- 6440773
TI  - [Vigilance and motor activity].
AB  - The results of investigations with pentathletes and a few observations on
      airplane pilots up until the present, showed that during visuomanual control
      tasks, specific vigilance changes may be assessed by computer assisted EEG. This
      is the case with task - related, topographical (lateralisation and polarity)
      changes. It seems justifiable to speak of strain - specific, regionally
      differentiated vigilance dynamics during visuomanual, cerebral integrative
      functions.

PMID- 6440774
TI  - [Renal clearance technic for individualizing lithium dosage in routine hospital
      care].
AB  - Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index and exhibits a wide pharmacokinetic
      variability. Individual dosage regimen adjustment is necessary to warrant the
      efficacy and safety of long-term treatment. We propose the "renal clearance
      method" for rapid determination of the lithium carbonate daily dose for chronic
      therapy. After the first intake of drug by a manic-depressive patient, a four
      hour trial is performed. It involves two blood samplings and two urine
      collections, in which lithium and creatine are assayed. Comparison of observed
      creatinine with a value predicted according to age, morphological
      characteristics, sex and serum creatinine of the patients allows the
      interpretation of conflicting results. The estimation of lithium and creatinine
      clearances of each patient is performed using a computerized or manual method
      which unfolds a decision procedure. The daily dosage (1.5 to 6 250 mg tablets in
      two or three daily intakes) is deduced from the according lithium renal clearance
      (0.4 to over 2 l/h) by means of a nomogram established in previous studies on
      about 50 patients. The clearance method has been investigated in routine hospital
      care on a 40 patients sample. The range of satisfactory lithium serum levels
      during patients monitoring was 0.6-0.9 mmol/l. Accurate dosage regimen
      forecasting is obtained in 92% of the patients. The percentage observed in a
      subset of 13 patients with the C24 method, which relies on a unique blood sample
      24 hours after the first dose, was much lower (54%). The renal clearance method
      appears as a robust and reliable technique for individual lithium dosage regimen
      adjustment in routine care.

PMID- 6440775
TI  - Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Although most cases of Reye's syndrome that were initially reported were fatal,
      the overall mortality is now 20 to 30 per cent, with an even lower rate in some
      series. Improvement is due to both increased awareness of this disease and
      advances in care for the critically ill child. A good outcome depends on
      recognition of the early manifestations of the syndrome and appropriate initial
      therapy based on the stage of the disease.

PMID- 6440776
TI  - Acute alveolar edema.
AB  - The interrelationships of several important factors contribute to the development
      of pulmonary edema. These factors include hydrostatic and osmotic forces,
      capillary membrane permeability, and lymphatic drainage capacity. Whether the
      pulmonary edema is cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, optimal management is
      facilitated by the improvement of ventilation and gas exchange within the lungs
      and the restoration of oxygen transport to peripheral tissues. The keystones in
      such therapy include the administration of oxygen, diuretics, and vasodilators;
      the use of mechanical ventilation; and the implementation of specific therapy
      directed toward underlying disorders.

PMID- 6440777
TI  - Compensatory development of immature LH cells after long-term gonadectomy: an
      immunocytochemical, electron microscopic and cell count study.
AB  - Following long-term castration of male rats (for 3, 6, 12 and 18 months), some
      populations of five gonadotroph types, (i.e., immature cell, types III, III/IV,
      IV and so-called signet-ring cell, appeared in the pituitary glands. Their
      ultrastructures were electron microscopically observed after immunohistochemical
      identification of them using anti-rat LH beta serum. In unoperated control rats,
      60 days old, the predominant III/IV type was intermingled with some populations
      of III and IV types, but no immature LH cells or signet-ring cells were detected
      among them. In the present observation not all of the gonadotroph types turned
      into signet-ring cells. Immature small LH cells containing a few small secretory
      granules began to appear (2.0%) at 3 months, and had increased to a maximum
      (52.5%) at 18 months. The percentage of the signet-ring cells was high (24.1%) at
      3 months, but reduced (2.4%) at 18 months. High populations of small, oval and
      immature LH cells are assumed to occur as a consequence of mitotic division of
      the most of the immature LH cells. This may compensate for the loss of signet
      ring cells in order to maintain the high serum LH and FSH concentrations after
      long-term castration.

PMID- 6440778
TI  - Inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma during pregnancy, pseudopregnancy and
      lactation in the rat.
AB  - Inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma and concentrations of FSH and LH in
      peripheral plasma were examined in rats during pregnancy, pseudo-pregnancy and
      lactation and correlated with the status of the ovarian follicular population.
      Inhibin activity was assessed in terms of its ability to suppress the 48 h
      secretion of FSH in a dispersed anterior pituitary cell culture system. FSH and
      LH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma
      was always detected when Graafian follicles were present, such as Days 3, 5 and
      10 of pseudopregnancy, Days 5, 10, 20 and 21 of pregnancy, Days 3, 5 and 10 of
      lactation in mothers with 2 pups and Days 0, 10, 15 and 20 of lactation in
      mothers with 8 pups. Inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma was undetectable
      whenever healthy antral follicles were absent, such as Days 15 of pregnancy and
      Days 2, 3, 4 and 5 in lactating rats with 8 pups. No FSH surge occurred during
      these periods of low inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma, in striking
      contrast to normal cyclic rats. These results indicate that inhibin activity in
      ovarian venous plasma of rats varies with the number of healthy antral follicles
      during the luteal phase. Ovarian inhibin in conjunction with other factors such
      as steroid hormones or the suckling stimulus may be involved in the regulation of
      FSH secretion in the luteal phase of the rat.

PMID- 6440779
TI  - Resistance of peripheral tissues and pituitary to thyroid hormone.
AB  - We describe a 29-year-old male with thyroid hormone resistance. He was first seen
      because of a goiter, and was considered to have hyperthyroid Graves' disease.
      Despite subtotal thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy, serum thyroxine
      levels were elevated with high serum TSH levels. Baseline thyroid function showed
      serum thyroxine of 16.6 micrograms/dl, free thyroxine of 4.60 ng/dl,
      triiodothyronine of 197 ng/dl, and TSH of 34 microU/ml. Triiodothyronine
      administration by gradually increased doses of 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375
      micrograms/d over a 25-day period resulted in gradual reduction of serum TSH and
      T4 levels, but serum TSH still responded to TRH even during this period. The
      basal metabolic rate was--14% and showed a minimal rise even with large doses of
      triiodothyronine. The results led to the diagnosis of generalized thyroid hormone
      resistance including the pituitary gland. Increased pulse rate, finger tremor and
      emotional lability in the patient suggest that the severity of peripheral
      refractoriness to the hormone may vary from tissue to tissue. In addition, a
      reduced thyroidal responsiveness to TSH as a consequence of inappropriate
      radioiodine therapy was observed in this patient.

PMID- 6440780
TI  - The thyroid reserve in children with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis revealed by
      the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone tests.
AB  - Serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations were measured before and after the
      administration of TRH (10 micrograms/kg body weight) and bovine TSH (10 IU) in 14
      children with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The TRH test showed that the
      responsiveness of TSH was positively correlated with the basal TSH (P less than
      0.001) and inversely with the increase in serum thyroid hormones, for delta T3 (P
      less than 0.05) and for delta T4 (P less than 0.001). Overall, the patients had
      significantly lower mean values for basal T4, but not for T3. The TSH test
      revealed that the delta T3 was positively correlated with delta T4 (P less than
      0.05). delta T3 after TSH administration was positively correlated with it after
      TRH (P less than 0.05). The patients were divided into three groups on the basis
      of their peak TSH values after TRH administration. In Group 1 (peak value below
      40 microU/ml; N = 5); T3 increased significantly after TRH and TSH
      administrations (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.025, respectively). In
      addition, delta T4 was significant after TSH administration. In Group 2 (peak TSH
      above 40 and less than 100 microU/ml; N = 6); only delta T3 after TRH was
      significant (P less than 0.05). In Group 3 (peak TSH above 100 microU/ml; N = 3);
      the response of thyroid hormones was blunted. Thus, the thyroid hormone responses
      to endogenous TSH coincided with that to exogenous TSH, and the exaggerated TSH
      response to TRH indicates decreased thyroid reserve.

PMID- 6440781
TI  - Growth hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in a pellagrin.
AB  - An abnormal hyperresponse of GH to intravenous injection of TRH in a 66-year-old
      female pellagra patient with typical 3'D's was reported. Diagnosis of pellagra
      was mainly based on her clinical course and manifestations, although serum levels
      of nicotinic acid and serotonin were within the normal range. Serum vitamin A and
      B2 levels were low. However, these findings did not exclude the diagnosis. The
      abnormal GH response to TRH observed in this patient was decreased at 2 months
      and thoroughly disappeared at 10 months after admission. GH response to arginine
      showed an exaggerated and sustained response on admission, decreased at 2 months
      and showed an almost normal pattern at 10 months after admission. TSH and
      prolactin response to TRH were normal throughout the clinical course. LH and FSH
      response to LH-RH were exaggerated, suggesting post-menopausal hypogonadism.
      Cortisol response to ACTH showed slightly sustained reactions at both times of
      the provocation. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed a slight impairment in this
      patient. These results suggest that pellagra is one of the disorders which
      exhibit an abnormal hyperresponse of GH to intravenous administration of TRH.

PMID- 6440782
TI  - Bioconversion of arachidonic acid by human uterine cervical tissue and endocervix
      in late pregnancy.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGs) may play an important role on cervical ripening in late
      pregnancy, namely cervical dilatation and softening. To investigate this,
      arachidonic acid metabolites of cervical tissue and endocervix were studied. To
      separate and identify the metabolites, silicic acid chromatography, thin layer
      chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and GC
      MS were used. In cervical tissue, arachidonic acid was converted to 6-ketoPGF1
      alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane B2, and 12-HETE. In endocervix, arachidonic
      acid was converted to PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane B2, 12-hydroxy-5, 8, 10
      heptadecatrienoic acid, and 12-HETE. There was no relation between the
      arachidonic acid conversion rate and the Bishop score (points of cervical
      ripening).

PMID- 6440783
TI  - The effect of exogenous arachidonic acid on insulin secretion in isolated
      perifused hamster islets.
AB  - The effect of exogenous arachidonic acid on insulin secretion was investigated in
      a perifusion system using isolated hamster pancreatic islets. Exogenous
      arachidonic acid (10, 20, 50, 100 micrograms/ml) markedly stimulated glucose
      induced insulin release. The enhancement of insulin release by arachidonic acid
      was completely inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, sodium salicylate (0.5
      mg/ml). In contrast to this, lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid
      (10(-4) M), enhanced arachidonic acid-induced insulin secretion. Arachidonic acid
      hydroperoxide inhibited glucose-induced insulin release. Exogenous PG E2 (10(-5)
      M) potently elevated immunoreactive insulin (IRI) values throughout perifusion.
      These results suggest that the enhancement of insulin release by exogenous
      arachidonic acid is derived from newly synthetized prostaglandins and on the
      other hand, activation of the lipoxygenase pathway inhibits arachidonic acid
      induced insulin secretion by decreasing the synthesis of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6440784
TI  - Interrelation between plasma amino acid composition and growth hormone secretion
      in patients with liver cirrhosis.
AB  - We examined the possibility that abnormalities of growth hormone (GH) release in
      cirrhotic patients were related to a reduction in the ratio of branched chain
      amino acids (BCAAs) to aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in plasma. The intravenous
      infusion of 250 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) caused a
      significant rise in plasma GH greater than 5 ng/ml and more than twice as much as
      the basal levels in 7 out of 15 patients (responders) but an insignificant rise
      in the remaining patients (non-responders). The difference in the basal GH level
      was not significant. The oral glucose load suppressed plasma GH in all of the
      normal subjects and 6 of 7 non-responders, while it was elevated in 6 of 7
      responders and one of the non-responders. The ratio of BCAAs to AAAs in the
      plasma of cirrhotic patients was 1.21 +/- 0.38, which was significantly lower
      than that of normal subjects (3.31 +/- 0.42, p less than 0.01). In addition,
      there was a significant difference between responders and non-responders in the
      ratios (0.96 +/- 0.22 vs 1.42 +/- 0.36, p less than 0.05). An inversely
      significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between the ratios of BCAAs to AAAs in
      plasma and the peak levels of GH after TRH injection was observed when all
      subjects were combined, but no correlation was found between the ratios and the
      peak levels of GH after oral glucose loading. There were also significant
      correlations (p less than 0.01) between the ratios and various parameters
      including the serum albumin, cholinesterase and indocyanine green disappearance
      rate constant (KICG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440785
TI  - Impaired LH-RH release by estrogen in women with sulpiride-induced
      hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - The effects of hyperprolactinemia on the release of immunoreactive luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to iv
      injection of 20 mg conjugated estrogens (Premarin) were studied. Five normal
      cycling women were injected with Premarin on the morning of the 7th day of the
      first cycle (control cycle), and then the plasma levels of LH-RH, LH, and
      prolactin (PRL) were determined every 8 to 16 hours for 72 h. Two months later,
      the same women received 200 mg of oral sulpiride daily for 8 days from the 3rd
      day of the cycle (sulpiride treated cycle), and then the same protocol as in the
      control cycle was applied. Mean (+/- SE) plasma levels of PRL on day 7 in the
      sulpiride treated cycle were significantly higher than those in the control cycle
      (118 +/- 24 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 4 ng/ml, p less than 0.001). After estrogen
      injection, the mean percent increases in immunoreactive LH-RH at 32 h (control:
      71 +/- 38% vs. sulpiride: 6 +/- 36%) and 40 h (154 +/- 38% vs. -5 +/- 21%) and in
      LH at the 48 h (175 +/- 89% vs. 57 +/- 57%) and 56 h (99 +/- 32% vs. 7 +/- 21%)
      were significantly (p less than 0.01 or p less than 0.05) suppressed in the
      sulpiride cycle. These data suggest that the impaired positive feedback effect of
      estrogen on LH-release in hyperprolactinemic anovulatory women may be caused, at
      least in part, by disturbed LH-RH release.

PMID- 6440786
TI  - Distribution and dynamics of fluorochromed actin in living stages of Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - Isolated muscle and Physarum actins were labeled with various fluorochromes and
      microinjected into living stages of Physarum polycephalum (caffeine-droplets,
      endoplasmic drops, thin-spread macroplasmodia). Subsequent analysis of the
      intracellular redistribution by fluorescence microscopy, video-enhancement and
      digital image processing revealed RITC (rhodamineisothiocyanate) actin to be the
      most reliable molecular probe for the marking of microfilaments. In relaxed
      caffeine-droplets, the RITC-actin first diffuses randomly and then is locally
      incorporated into a thin cortical layer at the internal face of the plasma
      membrane. During Ca2+-induced contraction the fluorescent layer starts to detach
      from the plasma membrane, thus causing separation of central granuloplasm from
      peripheral hyaloplasm. Thin sections of both, relaxed and contracted specimens
      demonstrated that the RITC-actin layer in living droplets exactly coincides with
      a sheath of more or less oriented microfilaments. In contrast, RITC-bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) injected as control is excluded from those regions which show
      intense fluorescence with RITC-actin and the presence of an actin network with
      EM. Successful incorporation of the molecular probe into stages of Physarum
      polycephalum other than caffeine droplets was not yet achieved. The results
      obtained by fluorescent analog cytochemistry (FAC) are discussed with regard to
      the spatial organization of the actin system in acellular slime molds.

PMID- 6440787
TI  - Localization of ornithine decarboxylase in mutant CHO cells that overproduce the
      enzyme. Differences between the intracellular distribution of monospecific
      ornithine decarboxylase antibodies and radiolabeled alpha
      difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - The intracellular localization of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in
      polyamine synthesis and cell growth, is a matter of present debate. Using two
      independent methods of analysis, we have attempted to determine the actual
      distribution of ODC in a mammalian cell. To overcome the problem of a normally
      very low cellular ODC content, we have used ODC overproducing mutant CHO cells.
      These mutant cells exhibit a 10-fold higher ODC activity than do the wild type
      cells. The localization of ODC protein in exponentially growing cells, was
      determined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (permeabilized whole-cell
      preparations and 1 micron sections), using a monospecific ODC antibody. The
      intracellular localization of catalytically active ODC was determined by light
      and electron microscope autoradiography following pulselabeling of cells with
      alpha-difluoromethyl(5-3H)ornithine (3H-DFMO) at the time of peak ODC activity.
      alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an enzyme-activated irreversible
      inhibitor of ODC and binds covalently to the active enzyme. The specificity of
      this reaction in the cell was ascertained by immunoprecipitation of 3H-DFMO
      labeled ODC. ODC (as determined by both methods) was present in all the cells of
      a serum-stimulated monolayer culture. The highest concentration of ODC protein
      and of catalytically active ODC was observed in the smallest and most rapidly
      proliferating cells. Polyploid and multinuclear cells always exhibited the lowest
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440788
TI  - Dose-dependent change in tissue uptake of 17 beta-(16 alpha-[125I]iodo)-estradiol
      in female rats: application to external imaging of mammary carcinoma.
AB  - Recently, many studies have drawn attention to the possibility of imaging
      estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer with a high-affinity ligand such as 17
      beta-(16 alpha-[125I]iodo)-estradiol (I-E2). We tried to determine the most
      suitable time and dose for imaging with this compound, using uteri of mature
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Although the uptake of I-E2 in the target organ (uterus)
      reached its peak 1 h after subcutaneous injection, the ratio of uptake in the
      target organ to that in nontarget organs (lung and muscle) peaked at 4 h. We also
      found that this ratio decreased as the dose increased. The clearest image was
      available 4 h after the dose meeting the minimum requirement for imaging was
      administered. An imaging trial of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary
      carcinoma is also demonstrated.

PMID- 6440789
TI  - Transferrin subtypes in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The molecular polymorphism and quantitative data of serum transferrin (Tf) were
      ascertained in a group of fibrocystic patients, their parents and controls.
      Quantitative rates of pre-albumin, retinol binding globulin (RBG) and alpha-1
      glycoprotein were also investigated as a reference for the evaluation of Tf
      quantitative data. Neither different allele distributions nor abnormal
      electrophoretic patterns were observed among CF patients. A slight lowering of
      Tf, pre-albumin and RBG, probably due to malnutritional condition in CF subjects
      was found.

PMID- 6440790
TI  - Stereoselective disposition of RS-tocainide in man.
AB  - The disposition of RS-tocainide in three healthy volunteers has been studied
      after oral administration of a pseudoracemic mixture containing S(+) [3H]
      tocainide as a radioactive tracer together with a therapeutic dose of the
      racemate. Analytical methods based on HPLC have been developed to measure S(+)
      and R(-) tocainide in urine samples. Selected ion detection has been used for
      quantification of a tocainide conjugate. The radioactive dose was efficiently
      absorbed and mainly cleared via the kidneys. The elimination half-life of RS
      tocainide was found to be 14.3 hours. The elimination half-lives of the two
      stereoisomers of tocainide differed significantly, i.e. R(-) tocainide 10 hours,
      and S(+) tocainide 16.7 hours. The observed t1/2 for the tocainide conjugate of
      10.3 hours was close to that of R(-) tocainide, indicating that the metabolite
      was preferably formed from the R(-) stereoisomer of tocainide. Of the given dose,
      between 45 and 70% can be accounted for.

PMID- 6440791
TI  - Intravesical chemotherapy for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: 5 years
      later.
AB  - 46 patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder were treated with
      intracavitary chemotherapy. The mean follow-up was 33 months. Tumor remission,
      defined by negative cytology and no evidence of TIS or severe dysplasia on
      biopsy, was achieved in 78%. There were 6 deaths, but only 1 was due to bladder
      cancer. 22 patients were followed after the termination of the planned treatment
      protocol. Recurrence of carcinoma in situ or development of a superficial bladder
      cancer was observed in 10 (45%). Bladder biopsies performed at the end of
      treatment were of no predictive value with regard to tumor recurrence. Tumor
      remission was achieved in all patients who received repeated intracavitary
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6440792
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of valpromide after oral administration of a solution and a
      tablet to healthy volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of valpromide, a primary amide of valproic acid, was
      investigated in 6 healthy, adult male volunteers, each of whom was given 900 mg
      as a marketed, enteric-coated tablet and a solution. Valpromide was
      biotransformed to valproic acid after the administration of the tablet and the
      solution with a bioavailability of 0.79 +/- 0.24 and 0.77 +/- 0.12, respectively,
      relative to a marketed tablet of valproic acid. The absorption of valpromide was
      not rate-limited by dissolution. As a solid, nonhygroscopic, neutral prodrug of
      valproic acid, valpromide may be a good alternative to valproic acid and sodium
      valproate.

PMID- 6440793
TI  - Evaluation of visual function in healthy subjects after administration of Ro 15
      1788.
AB  - Ro 15-1788 is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, which has also been shown to
      have some agonist properties. Since benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the
      physiological mechanisms of vision, a possible intrinsic effect of Ro15-1788 was
      sought in 6 healthy volunteers by study of psychophysical flicker thresholds,
      including critical fusion frequency and low frequency modulation threshold, and
      pattern reversal visual evoked response, using double blind cross-over
      methodology. In each session 2 tablets of Ro 15-1788 30 mg were administered.
      Using a two factorial univariate analysis of variance, no change was detected in
      any of the parameters studied.

PMID- 6440794
TI  - Anti-DNA autoantibody activity and idiotypic relationships of human monoclonal
      proteins.
AB  - Previous studies showed that polyclonal anti-DNA antibodies from patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) share cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI). In this
      report, we used human myeloma proteins (HMP), isolated from the serum of patients
      with multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, as probes to further
      explore this idiotypic cross-reactivity. Fourty-four HMP were tested for DNA
      binding capacity and for expression of CRI associated with lupus anti-DNA
      antibodies. Anti-DNA IgG were immunoaffinity purified from the serum of patient
      TOF with severe SLE. A xenogeneic anti-idiotype antibody to this IgG was raised
      in rabbit. This anti-idiotype recognized CRI associated with the combining site
      of anti-DNA IgG from unrelated SLE patients. Using inhibition competitive
      immunoassays, we found that these CRI were present on all but one of the DNA
      binding HMP. Furthermore, we observed that these CRI were detectable on an IgG2
      lambda, a HMP devoid of anti-DNA activity. These findings are in agreement with
      those previously obtained in similar studies using murine monoclonal anti-DNA
      antibodies. These converging results suggest that antibodies expressing anti-DNA
      related CRI and antibodies exhibiting anti-DNA-binding affinity constitute
      overlapping molecular subpopulations.

PMID- 6440795
TI  - Interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma are not sufficient to induce natural killer
      like activity in human T cell clones.
AB  - The role of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the maintenance of
      natural killer (NK)-like activity mediated by human cytolytic T cell clones was
      investigated. When cultured in standard supernatant (SN) obtained by
      phytohemagglutinin stimulation of human mononuclear cells (containing both IL2
      and IFN activities), several mixed lymphocyte culture-derived clones displayed
      cytolytic activity directed against the K562 cell line; in addition, some of
      these clones also lysed specific target cells bearing the sensitizing
      alloantigens. When cultured in IL2-containing SN obtained from the Jurkat cell
      line, the NK-like activity was selectively abrogated within 4-5 days. However, by
      culturing cells again in standard SN the cytolytic activity was completely
      restored. The possibility that inhibitory molecules in Jurkat SN could be
      responsible for the loss of NK-like activity was ruled out by experiments showing
      that cytotoxicity could be induced by mixtures of Jurkat and standard SN. In
      addition, a source of affinity chromatography-purified IL2 also failed to
      maintain NK-like activity. Moreover, addition of recombinant IFN-gamma in
      combination with purified IL2 did not prevent the loss of NK-like activity. The
      present results indicate that neither IL2 nor IFN-gamma are sufficient to
      maintain NK-like activity and suggest that other molecule(s) are required.

PMID- 6440796
TI  - Detection and localization by the monoclonal anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody
      AMT-13 of IL 2 receptor-bearing cells in the developing thymus of the mouse
      embryo and in the thymus of cortisone-treated mice.
AB  - During embryonic development of the mouse, before expressing classical T cell
      markers, the blast cells colonizing the thymus react with the monoclonal antibody
      AMT-13 shown previously to detect interleukin 2 receptors. The proportion of AMT
      13+ cells decreases as gestation time increases. On the other hand, the
      proportion of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ cells increases during ontogenesis. On
      the 19th day of gestation when the thymus architecture is comparable to the adult
      thymus, the AMT-13+ cells become localized in the subcapsular area of the cortex.
      In the adult thymus after cortison treatment the regenerating cells express the
      AMT-13 antigen. The AMT-13 antigen presumably the interleukin 2 receptor is the
      first marker of the early embryonic thymocytes reported until now that may be
      related to cellular function.

PMID- 6440797
TI  - Selective and polyclonal induction of high levels of lambda light chain-bearing
      immunoglobulins in BALB/c and SJL mice.
AB  - Polyclonal B cell activation is V gene independent and consequently results in
      the unselected expression of both V lambda and V kappa genes. In an attempt to
      selectively and polyclonally trigger lambda light chain-bearing B cells, we
      immunized mice with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) coupled to antibodies
      specific for the constant region of lambda 1 chains. Analyses of the sera of
      treated mice revealed that LPS anti-lambda 1 selectively triggers lambda-but not
      kappa-bearing B cells to high rate Ig secretion. Surprisingly, immunized SJL mice
      (rlo lambda 1 phenotype) mounted a lambda + response comparable to that detected
      in mice with the r + lambda 1 phenotype. Because we could definitively establish
      that the majority of the induced antibodies belong the lambda 1 subtype, our
      results have strong implications both for the study of the repertoire of lambda 1
      bearing B cells and for our understanding of the functional mechanism(s) by which
      the r lambda 1 locus acts.

PMID- 6440798
TI  - Blockade of coronary reactions to arachidonic acid by glyceryl trinitrate and
      tranylcypromine.
AB  - Isolated perfused hearts of rats or guinea pigs reacted to bolus doses of
      arachidonic acid (AA) with a coronary constriction followed by a protracted
      vasodilatation phase. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; 55-95 microM) produced coronary
      dilatation during which the AA-induced constriction remained unaltered, or even
      enhanced. After 'acute tolerance' developed by sustained GTN infusion, the
      constrictor phase of AA was inhibited while the vasodilatation continued
      unaltered or slightly enhanced. Nitroprusside (Np; 5-56 microM) determined a
      coronary vasodilatation that persisted throughout its administration and appeared
      to be associated with an inhibition of the AA-induced coronary constriction.
      While withdrawal of Np resulted in an immediate recovery of coronary flow levels
      and of the reactions to AA, the blockade of AA-coronary constriction continued
      after GTN withdrawal. Tranylcypromine (TRC) infusion did not alter the basal
      coronary flow, but it produced a specific inhibition of the AA-induced coronary
      vasodilatation. We postulated that the blockade of the coronary constriction
      exerted during GTN acute tolerance would result from an inhibition of the
      synthesis of a constrictor metabolite (thromboxane-like substance?) formed in the
      coronaries through the cyclooxygenase metabolic pathway of AA.

PMID- 6440799
TI  - Parenchymal and vascular strips from bovine lung respond differently to
      vasodilators.
AB  - Strips of bovine intrapulmonary artery (IPA), intrapulmonary vein (IPV),
      trachealis muscle and parenchyma were mounted for recording of isometric tension
      and responses to several vascular smooth muscle relaxants were measured and
      compared. Although nitroglycerin (GTN) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced
      concentration-related (10(-11) to 10(-5)) relaxation (up to 80-100%) in IPA, IPV
      and trachealis muscle, 10(-5) M GTN or SNP induced only 4-5% relaxation in
      parenchyma. In contrast, all four tissues relaxed well in response to
      isoproterenol (10(-11) to 10(-5) M), forskolin (10(-5) M), 8-bromo-cyclic GMP
      (10(-4) M) and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (10(-5) M). When compared to IPA, IPV
      and trachealis muscle, the marked hyporesponsiveness of parenchyma to GTN and SNP
      suggests that the contractile cells which are primarily responsible for potassium
      induced tone in bovine parenchymal strips differ markedly from smooth muscle
      cells in trachealis muscle and large, central IPA and IPV in their responsiveness
      to the vasodilators, GTN and SNP.

PMID- 6440800
TI  - [The antiataxic mechanism of TRH in rolling mouse Nagoya: the effects of
      pretreatment with dopaminergic and cholinergic drugs].
AB  - Antiataxic mechanisms were investigated in Rolling mouse Nagoya (RMN). The
      present study was to elucidate the influence of dopaminergic (pimozide,
      apomorphine) and cholinergic (atropine, physostigmine) drugs on the antiataxic
      effect of TRH. The degree of ataxic gait and spontaneous motor activities in RMN
      were measured by the open field method and ANIMEX-II Pretreatment with pimozide
      and apomorphine had no influence on the antiataxic effects of TRH, while
      pretreatment with physostigmine suppressed these effects and in contrast, with
      atropine, increased then. The increase of spontaneous motor activities after TRH
      injection was antagonized by pretreatment with pimozide and physostigmine, but
      accentuated by pretreatment with atropine. These results may indicate that the
      antiataxic effects of TRH are, at least partially, mediated by the cholinergic
      mechanism.

PMID- 6440801
TI  - [Effect of sodium pentobarbital on the number of ova shed in superovulation
      treated adult rats: relationship between the number of ova shed and dose of
      GTHs].
AB  - A new treatment for inducing superovulation in adult rats was examined. Virgin
      Wistar-Imamichi rats at 11 weeks of age were pretreated with PMSG on the
      metestrus day. Then, the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital on
      the expected estrus day. The maximum number of ova shed in the animals thus
      treated was 100 with a combination of 40 I. U. of PMSG and hCG. If the treatment
      with sodium pentobarbital was omitted, the maximum number remained at 43 with
      different combinations of PMSG and hCG dosages.

PMID- 6440802
TI  - Altered phosphate metabolism in the intact rabbit lens under high glucose
      conditions and its prevention by an aldose reductase inhibitor.
AB  - Intact paired rabbit lenses were incubated in media containing 5.5 mM and 35.5 mM
      glucose (both at 290 +/- 3 mOsm) and examined by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. Lenses in 35.5 mM glucose exhibited an altered metabolic
      steady-state characterized by elevated alpha-glycerophosphate and depressed
      adenosine triphosphate concentrations. Time course studies revealed that these
      metabolic changes occurred chiefly during the initial 48 hr of incubation under
      high glucose conditions. The inclusion of an aldose reductase inhibitor in the
      medium prevented these changes in lenticular metabolism.

PMID- 6440803
TI  - Effects of chondroitin sulfate on trabecular meshwork in rabbit eyes: an electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - The intraocular pressure of four New Zealand albino rabbit eyes was elevated when
      we replaced the aqueous humor of these eyes repeatedly with a chondroitin sulfate
      solution. Seen by electron microscopy, the trabecular meshwork of these eyes
      showed moderately increased collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and fine fibrils,
      and thickening of basement membrane. The amount of extracellular material present
      was markedly increased when compared with control eyes. Three types of basement
      membranes were noted. Compact multilaminated basement membrane and placoid
      accumulations of filamentous material with a granular background were found
      adjacent to the endothelial cells of the trabecular meshwork, and fine fibrils
      were observed around the angular aqueous veins. The ultrastructural alterations
      we observed were similar to those seen in some human glaucoma cases. The
      metabolism of trabecular meshwork cells may be affected by the long-term
      chondroitin sulfate treatment. As a result, extracellular matrix material appears
      to be accumulated in the trabecular meshwork, which may then contribute to an
      increased outflow resistance and a mild intraocular pressure elevation.

PMID- 6440804
TI  - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin in aging Mongolian
      gerbils.
AB  - Samples of plasma and pituitary homogenates collected from female Mongolian
      gerbils (3-4, 11-13 and 20-25 month-old) at various stages of the estrous cycle
      were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (Prl). Plasma and pituitary LH
      concentrations were similar in all three age groups. Plasma FSH concentrations
      tended to increase with age while plasma Prl concentrations remained unchanged.
      Pituitary concentrations of FSH and Prl were variable between the age groups
      depending upon the stage of the estrous cycle. The inability of older gerbils to
      produce young appears to result primarily from age-related changes occurring in
      the uterus rather than from alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal complex.

PMID- 6440805
TI  - Desquamative interstitial pneumonia and scar cancer of the lung complicating
      generalised neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A 40-year-old male patient with known generalised neurofibromatosis presented
      with a radiological pattern of interstitial fibrosis and a coin lesion in the
      left lung. Closed lung biopsy revealed an adenosquamous carcinoma. The pulmonary
      complications of generalised neurofibromatosis and the possible pathogenesis of
      scar cancer in this condition are discussed.

PMID- 6440806
TI  - Pulmonary gold toxicity.
AB  - A 52-year-old, white female developed low-grade fever, cough, and dyspnea after 8
      weeks treatment with sodium aurothiomalate for rheumatoid arthritis. The patient
      had severe hypoxemia associated with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Dramatic
      clinical improvement followed prednisone therapy.

PMID- 6440807
TI  - Frequency of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow of monkeys and their F1 after
      aflatoxin B1 injection.
AB  - A mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in somatic cells of primates is
      investigated. It is shown that AFB1 elevated the frequency of chromosome
      aberrations in the bone marrow of two species of monkeys: Macaca mulatta and
      Papio hamadryas. Beside chromosome aberrations, genome mutations were found in
      these experimental primates. AFB1-induced chromosome aberrations were constantly
      revealed during two years of study. Increase in the frequency of chromosome
      aberrations could be demonstrated in Macaca babies born from females that had
      received AFB1 at the final stage of pregnancy.

PMID- 6440808
TI  - [Effect of gutimine on the electroencephalogram and cerebral blood supply of cats
      with intracerebral hemorrhage].
AB  - It was shown in experiments on conscious cats 1-2 days after intracerebral
      hemorrhage (administration of 2 ml autogenous blood in the internal capsule of
      the right hemisphere) that intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg gutimin led to an
      increase in the brain blood supply. The increased local blood flow was recorded
      in the cortex, thalamus of the affected hemisphere, particularly in the midbrain
      reticular formation. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that gutimin had a direct
      dilatatory action on isolated strips of the cat internal maxillary artery, with
      this action being determined by inhibition of the metabolism of exo- and
      intracellular calcium.

PMID- 6440809
TI  - [Cytochrome P-450 induction in the liver of rats exposed to polychlorinated
      biphenyls].
AB  - Administration of a mixture of polychlorinated diphenyls (sovol) to rats per os
      induces a dramatic rise in the liver content of cytochrome P-450. To attain the
      maximal induction effect, it is sufficient to make a single drug injection in a
      dose of 500 mg/kg. Further raising of the sovol dose as well as its repeated
      injections do not exert any substantial effect on the index of hemoprotein
      induction. Alterations in liver cytochrome P-450 content following a single
      injection of sovol persist for 40 days. In female rats, the induction effect of
      sovol is less pronounced than in male rats.

PMID- 6440810
TI  - Research on antibacterial and antifungal agents. III. Synthesis of 1-ethyl-1,4
      dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-pyrryl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid and of some 6-derivatives.
AB  - A new analog of nalidixic acid, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo--7-(1-pyrryl)quinoline
      3-carboxylic acid, is described. When tested against gram-positive and gram
      negative bacteria this compound showed many significant activities and was more
      active than nalidixic, piromidic and pipemidic acids. On the contrary its 6
      chloro- and 6-methylderivatives lack antimicrobial activities. All new compounds
      here described were synthesized by standard procedures via Gould-Jacobs reaction.

PMID- 6440811
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of some 3-(pyrazol-1'-yl)indazole derivatives.
AB  - The synthesis of some 3-(pyrazol-1'-yl)indazole derivatives is reported. The
      synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial screenings. Only
      two of the tested compounds showed a mild activity at high concentrations.

PMID- 6440812
TI  - [Maximal modes of blood circulation].
AB  - In 44 sportsmen under maximal physical loads, the maximal O2 transport was
      effectively maintained by different modes of the circulation. The optimal mode
      is: Q = 2.9 + 5.43 VO2 + 0.61 V2O2 - 0.099 V3O2 (where Q is the minute blood
      volume; VO2--oxygen consumption). This mode involves proportional contributions
      of the central and the peripheral mechanisms of the organism O2 supply. The
      expressive mode involves increased O consumption and minute blood volume (on the
      average 37.72 +/- 3.0 l/min), and a relatively small arterial-venous difference
      (on the average 141.5 +/- 13.1 ml/l). The reduced mode of circulation involves
      relatively small values of the minute blood volume (on the average 29.76 +/- 1.64
      l/min) and an obvious increase of the arterial-venous difference in oxygen (on
      the average 180.9 +/- 14.3 ml/l). Formation of one or another hemodynamic mode is
      related to an individual blood volume velocity. In particularly high values of
      the minute blood volume, the O2 transfer from capillaries is limited by the flow.
      A relative decrease of the minute blood volume increases the contacting time of
      the blood with muscle tissues aiding to excessive extraction of O2 and thereby
      increasing the arterial-venous difference.

PMID- 6440814
TI  - [The physiological significance of the hippocampus on the inhibitory effects of
      corticosterone upon the estradiol-induced LH and FSH surges in rats].
AB  - The effects of corticosterone (CS) on the gonadotropin surge induced by estradiol
      benzoate (E2) were studied in adrenalectomized and ovariectomized (ADRX-OVEX)
      rats. The results are as follows. In ADRX-OVEX rats implanted with E2-tablets in
      the bilateral axillae, LH and FSH surges occurred 4 days after the implantation
      of E2, peaking at 17:00 h. The levels of these surges were markedly higher than
      those in OVEX rats similarly treated but were attenuated significantly by the
      subcutaneous injection of CS (25 micrograms in sesame oil) given at 12:00 h. The
      CS implantation (0.5 micrograms in 2 microliters sesame oil) into the dorsal
      hippocampus at 15:00 h significantly inhibited the levels of LH and FSH surges in
      ADRX-OVEX rats with E2-tablets. The effect of the CS implant in the lateral
      septal nucleus was also inhibitory but not statistically significant. The CS
      administration in the ventral part of the midbrain tegmentum did not elicit any
      change in the surge of LH and FSH. In animals with the dorsal fornix-section at
      the post-anterior-commissural level, surges of LH and FSH also occurred in the
      afternoon of the 4th day after the E2-tablets implantation, but the levels of LH
      and FSH were not significantly altered by an intravenous injection of CS (5
      micrograms in saline) at 15:30 h. It was suggested the CS circulating in the
      blood would induce a rise of hippocampal activity which would exert a suppressive
      influence on the gonadotropin release.

PMID- 6440813
TI  - [A study on the prolactin releasing mechanism using an in vitro perfusion system
      with a cell column of cultured rat anterior pituitary cells].
AB  - It is well-known that the hypothalamus predominantly exerts an inhibitory control
      on prolactin secretion and that dopamine (DA) is the main prolactin inhibiting
      factor (PIF). In addition, the hypothalamus contains prolactin-releasing factors
      (PRF). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) and peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI) are the components of PRF. However,
      the detailed mechanism by which the peptides release prolactin (PRL) at the
      pituitary level is still unknown. Therefore, in this paper, an in vitro
      perifusion system using the cell column of cultured rat pituitary cells attached
      on Cytodex beads was employed to investigate the mechanism of PRL release. The
      rat anterior pituitary cells were isolated using collagenase, and the dispersed
      pituitary cells were cultured with swollen Cytodex beads in Dulbecco's modified
      Eagle medium (DMEM) containing fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 and 95%
      air for 2--3 days. The cultured anterior pituitary cells attached on Cytodex
      beads were packed in a column and perifused with DMEM at a constant flow rate of
      0.4 ml/min using a peristaltic pump. The following results were obtained. A five
      minute perifusion with 100 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml TRH caused a significant increase
      of PRL in a dose-related manner. A continuous perifusion with 2 ng/ml or 10 ng/ml
      DA inhibited PRL release in a dose-related manner. When TRH at a dose of 1 ng/ml,
      10 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml was perifused for 120 min at a rate of 0.4 ml/min, a large
      amount of PRL was released during the early period of the TRH infusion, and then
      the PRL release gradually decreased to the basal levels in spite of the
      continuous TRH infusion. An additional TRH, of which the concentration was ten
      fold higher than the TRH level in the continuous infusion, when added at the end
      of the continuous TRH infusion, had no effect on PRL release. On the other hand,
      a 5 minute TRH infusion given at 30 min after the end of the continuous TRH
      infusion caused a significant increase in PRL release. A continuous perifusion
      with 1 mM 8-bromo-cyclic AMP caused a small but continuous PRL release. An
      additional continuous 8-bromo-cyclic AMP infusion during the late period of a
      continuous TRH infusion caused a continuous PRL release similar to that induced
      by the continuous infusion of cyclic AMP only. A short period perifusion with 1 X
      10(-9)M to 1 X 10(-7)M of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) enhanced a
      significant increase of PRL release in a dose-related manner, but the amounts of
      PRL release induced by VIP were smaller than those induced by TRH.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6440815
TI  - [The effects of dopamine agonist (bromocriptine) on the secretion of pituitary
      gonadotropins and ovarian sex steroids in normally cycling women].
AB  - To investigate the effects of bromocriptine on the secretion mechanism of
      pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian sex steroids, 5 mg of bromocriptine was
      administered to four normally cycling women in the follicular, pre-ovulatory, mid
      luteal or menstrual phase, respectively. Blood samplings were taken from two
      hours before until six hours after the administration every 15 min. by an
      intravenous indwelling catheter. Serum FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol and
      progesterone were determined by RIA, and the changes of basal levels and the
      pulsatile patterns of these hormones were analysed in each of the four phases.
      Serum prolactin levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.005) from two hours
      after the administration of bromocriptine and remained in a very low range in all
      phases of the cycles until the end of the experiments. The basal levels of FSH
      showed a significant decrease in the pre-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases two to
      six hours after the administration (p less than 0.025 approximately p less than
      0.005). Also the basal levels of LH showed a significant decrease in the
      follicular, pre-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases two to six hours after the
      administration (p less than 0.05 approximately p less than 0.005). However, no
      significant change was observed in the amplitude or the frequency of the
      pulsatile patterns of FSH and LH in all phases of the menstrual cycles. The serum
      levels of estradiol did not show marked changes by the administration of
      bromocriptine, but the serum levels of progesterone were significantly decreased
      in the mid-luteal phase two to six hours after the administration (p less than
      0.005). These facts suggest that bromocriptine acts mainly on the pituitary
      rather than the hypothalamus to decrease the serum levels of gonadotropins, and
      also may have some role in the steroidogenesis of the ovary.

PMID- 6440816
TI  - Ontogeny of the erythrocyte-dependent IgM antibody responses to cell membrane
      antigens.
AB  - Our previous experiments characterized the T-cell independent type 2 B-cell
      responses to cell membrane antigens that are controlled by two donor cell types
      with different antigen-presenting (AP) activities. We here report about the
      ontogeny of this novel type of responses with special reference to the mutual
      relation of the development among two AP activities and their acceptor functions.
      The responses of mice to H-2d antigens on allogeneic cells and hapten
      (fluorescein isothiocyanate) antigens on syngeneic cells were examined in
      parallel. The positive AP activity displayed by red blood cells (RBC) for
      induction of anti-hapten responses was fully developed in the fetus, although H
      2d antigens on the RBC for induction of anti-H-2d responses was immature in mice
      under 7 days old. In contrast, the negative AP activity displayed by spleen cells
      (B cells) for inhibition of the RBC-dependent anti-hapten and anti-H-2d responses
      was first developed in mice about 3 weeks old. The B cell functions accepting the
      positive and negative AP activities were also matured by that time. The possible
      significance of these findings in the physiology and pathology of the unique
      responses was discussed.

PMID- 6440817
TI  - Case report. Successive pregnancies in a patient with premature ovarian failure.
AB  - A woman, age 28 yr, visited the gynecological endocrine clinic for oligomenorrhea
      and primary infertility. Serum FSH and LH levels were high and estrogen
      concentrations were subnormal. In spite of the presence of high and sustained
      gonadotropin concentrations, resumption of ovarian function with evident
      ovulation resulted in the first pregnancy after clomiphene therapy. Four years
      later the patient did not respond to clomiphene but intramuscular progesterone
      was effective in induction of ovulation, followed by the second pregnancy. The
      effect of progesterone on hypergonadotropic ovarian failure is discussed.

PMID- 6440818
TI  - Interaction of EGTA with a hydrophobic region inhibits particulate adenylate
      cyclase from rat cerebral cortex: a study of an EGTA-inhibitable enzyme by using
      alamethicin.
AB  - Washed membranes isolated from rat cerebral cortex (gray matter) showed the
      presence of EGTA-inhibitable and EGTA-insensitive forms of adenylate cyclase
      activity. The former activity was stimulated by low concentrations (microM) of
      various divalent cations (Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and Sr2+) assayed with MgATP2- and
      MgCl2. At higher concentrations (mM), only Mn2+ stimulated this enzyme whereas
      Ca2+, Co2+ and Sr2+ were inhibitory. Alamethicin markedly (up to 30-fold)
      increased the activity of EGTA-inhibitable form and only moderately of EGTA
      insensitive form of the enzyme. The increased activity due to alamethicin does
      not result from solubilization of the enzyme from membranes. Our results suggest
      the presence of two distinct metal binding sites--one of high (Site I) and other
      of low (Site II) affinity. Divalent metals via interacting with these produce
      divergent effects on the enzyme. Site I appears to be located in the hydrophobic
      region of catalytic unit of the enzyme or of membrane-associated calmodulin. The
      likely significance of these results is briefly presented.

PMID- 6440819
TI  - An in vitro micro-volume procedure for rapid measurement of erythrocytic hexose
      monophosphate shunt activity.
AB  - A radiometric micro-volume procedure for measurement of erythrocytic hexose
      monophosphate shunt (HMS) activity in intact cells in vitro is described. The
      procedure is rapid, allowing 200 individual HMS determinations in a single
      experiment of 5 hr duration. The procedure is reproducible, yielding HMS activity
      means insignificantly different (P greater than 0.05) between replicate
      experiments. A profile of sodium nitrite-induced HMS stimulation is reported: HMS
      was elevated 2-fold (P less than 0.001) between zero and 2.5 mM NaNO2; HMS
      elevation was more distinct (7-fold) between 2.5 and 5.0 mM NaNO2; maximum
      activity (22-fold) was observed between 10 and 20 mM NaNO2; greater than 20 mM
      NaNO2 caused significant (P less than 0.001) diminution of HMS; glucose carbon
      recycling through the HMS occurred only with greater than 2.5 mM NaNO2 where this
      process contributed less than or equal to 16% to total HMS activity.

PMID- 6440820
TI  - Protein synthesis in isolated perfused rat skeletal muscle. Contribution of intra
      and extracellular amino acid pools.
AB  - Protein synthesis was measured in perfused rat skeletal muscle using [14C]lysine
      in the presence of increasing amounts of lysine in the perfusate. The results
      obtained clearly indicated that both the extracellular and intracellular pools of
      amino acids act as direct precursors for protein synthesis and analysis of the
      data, according to O'Hara et al. (J. molec. cell. Cardiol. 13, 925-940, 1981)
      further indicated that extracellular sources of lysine supplied 64 and 81% of the
      lysine incorporated in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively. The
      rate of protein synthesis were assessed to be 0.22 mumol lysine incorporated g-1
      muscle per 3 hr of perfusion increasing to 1.0 mumol g-1 3 hr-1 in the presence
      of insulin.

PMID- 6440821
TI  - Glucuronidation in the reindeer: dietary modification in the UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity with 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol and
      phenolphthalein as acceptors.
AB  - The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity towards 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol and
      phenolphthalein was measured from the hepatic microsomes of the reindeer
      (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) after summer, autumn and winter feeding periods. The
      microsomes were digested with trypsin or digitonin. The UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity with 4-nitrophenol and 1-naphthol as aglycones
      was lower in reindeer on winter food than in ones on summer food after trypsin
      and digitonin digestion. The activity towards phenolphthalein was the same in
      each feeding period. The different seasonal feeding affects the structure of
      microsomal membranes and this is reflected as modifications of the UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase towards different substrates.

PMID- 6440822
TI  - In vitro activity of ceftazidime and other beta-lactam antibiotics against
      nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The in vitro sensitivity of 300 nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to
      ceftazidime was compared with their sensitivities to eleven other beta-lactam
      antibiotics. Concentrations of 2 mg/l of ceftazidime were sufficient to inhibit
      all of the strains tested including the carbenicillin-resistant ones. Ceftazidime
      shows considerably greater activity against Ps. aeruginosa than the other beta
      lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6440823
TI  - One drug for childhood grand mal: medical audit for three-year remissions.
AB  - A comparative study was made of monotherapy for grand mal seizures among four
      groups of children between three and 14 years of age. The first-choice
      anticonvulsants were phenobarbitone (N = 159), phenytoin (N = 185), carbamazepine
      (N = 178) and sodium valproate (N = 63). The proportions in each group with a
      three-year remission of seizures were, respectively, 22, 34, 40 and 16 per cent.
      The results were better for children with primary grand mal (25, 39, 45 and 21
      per cent) and were worse for those with secondary grand mal (3, 21, 25 and 4 per
      cent), respectively. 119 of the children obtained no reduction in seizure
      frequency, and for them there is an urgent need for new and more effective
      anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6440824
TI  - Altered ratio of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide/carbamazepine in plasma of children:
      evidence of anticonvulsant drug interaction.
AB  - A method of measuring carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-10,11-EPOX) has been
      developed and used to monitor plasma concentrations in children suffering from
      various forms of epilepsy. Children stabilised on standard doses of CBZ alone
      showed a ratio of CBZ-10,11-EPOX/CBZ of 18.92 +/- 8.08, expressed as a percentage
      of the CBZ concentration, while those on multiple-drug therapy (with the
      exception of benzodiazepines and phenobarbitone) showed both increased values of
      CBZ-10,11-EPOX/CBZ ratio and increased absolute concentrations of CBZ-10,11-EPOX
      in plasma. These changes correlated with clinical side-effects which could not be
      attributed to CBZ itself or to the other drugs administered concurrently.

PMID- 6440825
TI  - Correlation between plasma carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide concentration and drug
      side-effects in children with epilepsy.
AB  - Ninety children with epilepsy were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) alone or with
      other anticonvulsant drugs. Side-effects were noted in 14 patients. When 25
      patients treated with CBZ alone (group 1) were compared with 27 on CBZ and sodium
      valproate (group 2) and with 38 on CBZ and one or more other anticonvulsants
      (group 3), the incidence of side-effects was two in group 1 (of whom one patient
      had a toxic plasma level of CBZ), but 12 in groups 2 and 3 combined. In all but
      three of the 14 patients with side-effects, plasma levels of CBZ were within the
      'therapeutic range'. A significant difference was found between the carbamazepine
      10,11-epoxide (CBZ-10,11-EPOX) levels in plasma and CBZ-10,11-EPOX/CBZ ratio in
      patients with and without side-effects. For five patients on CBZ and other drugs,
      changes in treatment resulted in changes in side-effects, and also in CBZ-10,11
      EPOX levels. Three of these patients showed an interaction between CBZ and sodium
      valproate, with a correlation between plasma CBZ-10,11-EPOX and side-effects when
      either drug was introduced or withdrawn, the plasma levels of CBZ itself and of
      sodium valproate being within the 'therapeutic range'.

PMID- 6440826
TI  - Enzyme systems involved in the formation of reactive metabolites in the renal
      medulla: cooxidation via prostaglandin H synthase.
AB  - Metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics by renal mixed-function oxidases and
      prostaglandin H synthase was examined. Significant mixed-function oxidase
      activity was observed in the cortex and outer medulla. However, mixed-function
      oxidase activity was not detected in the inner medulla. In contrast,
      prostaglandin H synthase is quite active in the inner and outer medulla with no
      detectable activity in the cortex. Prostaglandin H synthase was shown to activate
      a variety of protoxins and procarcinogens by way of its hydroperoxidase activity.
      Peroxidatic activation of acetaminophen and benzidine appears to involve the
      formation of a free radical intermediate which binds nucleophilic sites on
      macromolecules. The latter is proposed to initiate pathogenic effects.
      Prostaglandin H synthase is a potential alternative to mixed-function oxidase
      activation of chemicals which exert pathologic effects on the renal inner
      medulla.

PMID- 6440827
TI  - Worsening of arrhythmias during pharmacological treatment.
AB  - The widespread use of antiarrhythmic agents to control severe life-threatening
      arrhythmias evidenced the possibility of a worsening of arrhythmias induced by
      the same drugs. We performed a retrospective analysis studying the worsening
      phenomenon in patients who underwent pharmacological invasive and non invasive
      antiarrhythmic tests to choose the drug to be administered in the chronic
      treatment. Particularly we reviewed: 101 acute pharmacologic non invasive tests
      for "stable" ventricular ectopic beats using computerized automatic continuous
      recording system which allows quantitative and qualitative evaluation of
      arrhythmias. The drugs tested were: Propafenone (25 patients), Disopiramide (25
      patients), Tocainide (11 patients), Lorcainide (8 patients), Lorajmine (13
      patients), Nadolol (9 patients). In accordance with Vallebit et al., we
      considered arrhythmias worsening criteria: the onset of non sustained or
      sustained ventricular tachycardia; an increase of four fold the number of
      ventricular ectopic beats and/or ten fold the repetitive forms. A worsening of
      arrhythmias was observed in 4/101 (3.9% patients); 1/9 treated with Nadolol, 1/25
      with Propafenone, 1/35 with Disopiramide, 1/13 with Lorajmine. For one young
      patient the worsening phenomenon could be considered a toxic picture, because of
      the very high drug plasmatic levels (Lorajmine) observed for the whole duration
      of the sustained VT induced from the drug. For the remaining 3 patients the
      response resambles a paradox effect. 34 pharmacologic invasive tests in 30
      patients with common recurrent ventricular tachycardia, during electrophysiologic
      endocavitary study. The drugs tested were: Propafenone (12 patients), Amiodarone
      (11 patients), Ajmaline (4 patients), Tocainide (3 patients), Lorcainide (2
      patients), Lorajmine (1 patient), Disopiramide (1 patient).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440828
TI  - Left ventricular pump function in effort angina. Influence of nitroglycerin,
      propranolol, verapamil, and coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - Patients with severe effort angina were studied hemodynamically and left
      ventricular function curves were obtained during successively increasing
      myocardial ischemia provoked by exercise. The mean left ventricular function
      curve of 57 patients showed a slow increase in stroke work index with increasing
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure at the beginning of exercise and stroke
      work index reached a maximum value of 0.79 (+/- 0.21) J/beat/m2 BSA at a left
      ventricular end diastolic pressure 30 (+/- 7) mm Hg. Despite a continuous
      increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to 37 (+/- 6) mm Hg at the
      breaking point, stroke work index fell to its lowest value (0.64 +/- 0.21)
      J/beat/m2 BSA. A repeated exercise 20 min after the first in 10 patients did not
      influence the exercise tolerance or the left ventricular function curve. Although
      all the drugs nitroglycerin, propranolol and verapamil significantly increased
      the exercise tolerance none of the drugs enabled the patients to reach a
      significantly higher stroke work index. Only after nitroglycerin was there a
      significant increase (p greater than 0.05) of left ventricular power. After
      coronary bypass surgery with successful revascularization, however, there was a
      marked increase of both stroke work index and left ventricular power during
      exercise. Thus the increased exercise tolerance after surgery was accompanied by
      an increased left ventricular work and power but after medication no such effect
      on stroke work index and left ventricular power was seen. It is therefore
      suggested that the increased exercise tolerance after the anti-anginal drugs
      studied is a result of their different mechanisms of unloading the left
      ventricle.

PMID- 6440829
TI  - [Pregnancy following ultrasound guided transabdominal-transvesicle follicle
      puncture under peridural anesthesia within the scope of an IVF program].
AB  - The authors report on the case of a 28-year old married woman who was treated
      according to their IVF-programme after both Fallopian tubes had been removed
      Three embryo transfers after follicular aspiration by laparoscopy and IVF did not
      lead pregnancy. In a fourth attempt in May 1984 ovarian stimulation was effected
      via hMG (Pergonal); 10,000 IU hCG were administered on day 12 of the menstrual
      cycle. 35 hours later 7 oocytes were recovered via ultrasonically guided
      percutaneous follicular aspiration under epidural anaesthesia. 3 four-cell
      embryos were transferred 48 hours after insemination. 9 weeks after l.m.p.
      sonography showed two intrauterine gestation sacs, in each an embryo of 20 mm C-R
      length with heart actions and movements.

PMID- 6440830
TI  - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by mitomycin C in lymphocytes of young
      and old human donors.
AB  - The kinetics of cell proliferation and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were
      studied in blood lymphocytes treated by mitomycin C (MMC) in young and old human
      donors. In both the young and old donors MMC inhibited cell proliferation.
      Spontaneous SCE frequency was not age-dependent. In young donors, MMC induced a
      dose-related linear increase in SCE frequency. In old donors a significantly
      reduced SCE rate was induced by 80 ng/ml of MMC, suggesting an altered SCE
      response to mutagen. As SCE represent some form of DNA repair, the results can be
      interpreted as an indication of a defective DNA repair in aging human
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6440831
TI  - Spontaneous locomotor activity and life span. A test of the rate of living theory
      in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The spontaneous locomotor activity and life span of approximately 600 individuals
      of both sexes and of three widely different genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster
      have been measured. Neither at the individual nor at the populational level could
      a significant correlation between spontaneous locomotor activity and life span be
      found. The results are discussed in relation with Pearl's [The rate of living,
      London University Press, London 1928] rate of living theory. That theory has been
      tested in relation with environmental temperature, oxygen consumption and
      activity. It is shown that the theory has received no definite confirmation until
      now.

PMID- 6440833
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of several brands of rubber and the feasibility of using
      them in industrial and drinking water supply systems].

PMID- 6440832
TI  - GM1 gangliosidosis, type 2: ocular clinicopathologic correlation.
AB  - The clinical and pathological manifestations of a case of juvenile GM1
      gangliosidosis are presented and the pathological findings compared with those
      previously reported for GM1 gangliosidosis in man and in animal models. The most
      striking finding in the present case was the marked degeneration of the retinal
      ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. Although such extensive ganglion cell loss
      was not observed in any of the other cases reviewed, the presence of
      multimembranous inclusion bodies in retinal ganglion cells strongly suggests that
      the pathological process was similar in all cases. Much remains to be learned
      about the function of gangliosides in the healthy retina and about the
      pathophysiological consequences of deranged ganglioside metabolism. The many
      parallels, including those observed in pathological studies, between the human
      and animal forms of GM1 gangliosidosis allow an optimistic appraisal of the value
      of further research using the animal models.

PMID- 6440834
TI  - From hospital to nursing home: the long-term care connection.

PMID- 6440835
TI  - [Immunopharmacological actions of neurotropin (4). Effect of neurotropin on mouse
      peritoneal macrophages].
AB  - It was reported that neurotropin (NSP), an extract isolated from the inflamed
      skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus, activates murine T cell
      functions participating in cell-mediated immunity. The present study was
      undertaken to examine the effect of NSP on plastic dish-adherent macrophages (M
      phi) from ddY mice in vitro. Total activities of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase in resident peritoneal M phi was slightly enhanced when
      the M phi were cultured with NSP (10-1000 micrograms/ml) for 48 and 96 hr, but no
      enhancement was noted in 24 hr culture. Intracellular activity of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) was also strongly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by
      culturing with NSP for 48 and 96 hr. The enhanced LDH activity in the M phi
      cultured with NSP for 96 hr was completely inhibited by cycloheximide, an
      inhibitor of protein synthesis. In addition, consumption of glucose in the
      culture media by the M phi was also enhanced by culturing with NSP for 96 hr.
      Intracellular activity of LDH and glucose consumption of plastic dish-nonadherent
      cells from normal mouse peritoneal cells, however, was not enhanced by NSP in 96
      hr culture. In regard to allogeneic M phi-mediated cytostatic activity to P815-X2
      mastocytoma, NSP had no effect on cytostatic activities of the resident and
      thioglycollate-induced M phi, although NSP by itself dose-dependently inhibited
      the growth of P815-X2 mastocytoma without affecting cell viability. These results
      suggest that NSP biochemically activates mouse peritoneal M phi in vitro, but the
      M phi activated by NSP can not inhibit the growth of P815-X2 mastocytoma.

PMID- 6440836
TI  - Psoriasis before and after methotrexate (MXT) treatment. 3. Localization of dopa
      oxidase.

PMID- 6440837
TI  - Arboreality and bipedality in the Hadar hominids.
AB  - Numerous studies of the locomotor skeleton of the Hadar hominids have revealed
      traits indicative of both arboreal climbing/suspension and terrestrial
      bipedalism. These earliest known hominids must have devoted part of their
      activities to feeding, sleeping and/or predator avoidance in trees, while also
      spending time on the ground where they moved bipedally. In this paper we offer
      new data on phalangeal length and curvature, morphology of the tarsus and
      metatarsophalangeal joints, and body proportions that further strengthen the
      argument for arboreality in the Hadar hominids. We also provide additional
      evidence on limb and pedal proportions and on the functional anatomy of the hip,
      knee and foot, indicating that the bipedality practiced at Hadar differed from
      that of modern humans. Consideration of the ecology at Hadar, in conjunction with
      modern primate models, supports the notion of arboredality in these earliest
      australopithecines. We speculate that selection for terrestrial bipedality may
      have intensified through the Plio-Pleistocene as forests and woodland patches
      shrunk and the need arose to move increasingly longer distances on the ground.
      Only with Homo erectus might body size, culture and other factors have combined
      to 'release' hominids from their dependence on trees.

PMID- 6440838
TI  - Phylogeny, neoteny and growth of the cranial base in hominoids.
AB  - This study tests the hypothesis that there is a general pattern in the growth of
      the cranial base of Homo sapiens that is 'essentially neotenous' [Gould, 1977].
      Juvenile and adult crania of Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes and
      Pongo pygmaeus were studied and the cross-sectional growth curves for 10
      measurements made on the cranial base (as viewed in norma basilaris) were
      compared. The results of this study suggest that relatively simple modifications
      to the timing or pattern of growth are insufficient to explain the observed
      morphological differences between the cranial base of modern Homo sapiens and the
      great apes.

PMID- 6440839
TI  - [Fetal membranes of the human. Electron microscopy study].
AB  - The structure of the human fetal membranes was examined after normal and
      pathological pregnancy. The cellular junctions are desmosomes and gap junctions
      in the amniotic epithelium, whereas in the chorionic epithelium tight junctions
      in the form of maculae occludentes are found occasionally in addition to
      desmosomes and gap junctions. The absence of zonulae occludentes, which could act
      as an effective permeability barrier, in the fetal membranes indicates that the
      intercellular spaces of the fetal membranes represent an extracellular route for
      paraplacental substance exchange. In pathological pregnancy such as diabetes
      mellitus, rhesus incompatibility and toxemia, the morphological variations of
      amniotic epithelium compared with normal amnion are manifold and greatly
      specific. On the contrary, the morphological changes of chorionic epithelium in
      pathological pregnancy seem nonspecific. They differ in various pathological
      pregnancies only in quantity. In addition to fibroblasts and Hofbauer cells, the
      connective tissue of the fetal membranes contain myofibroblasts. Since
      myofibroblasts possess the ability to contract, we assume that they may
      contribute to protection of the fetal membranes from overdistension.

PMID- 6440840
TI  - [Long-term EEG monitoring in epilepsy diagnosis].
AB  - EEG long-term monitorings were carried out in 149 patients using a portable 4
      channel miniature recorder system. In most cases EEG was recorded for 48 hours.
      In addition to preceding routine EEG controls, long-term EEG monitoring disclosed
      epileptic phenomena in 32.7% of patients suspected for epileptic seizures from
      their history. This gain of information was based mainly on the detection of
      abnormal potentials or epileptic seizures appearing during sleep. Using EEG long
      term recording numerous EEG routine controls could be replaced which otherwise
      are often necessary for ensuring the diagnosis of epilepsy. If the patient's
      history, however, gives only poor reason to believe epileptic seizures, positive
      findings in EEG long-term monitorings are unlikely. Consequently, careful
      evaluation of the patient's history is crucial for the indication of this
      laborious examination. As the limited number of recorder channels may cause false
      negative results, normal findings should be utilized with caution. Only the sum
      of all clinical and neurophysiological data should be used for exclusion of
      suspected epilepsy. The second, even more important application of EEG long-term
      recordings is the special examination of patients with known epilepsy, such as
      studies of the circadian profiles of epileptic excitability, documentation of
      seizure frequency, and electrographic analysis of the course of seizure. Therapy
      control of epileptic patients can be improved by such informations. In view of
      the large amount of data which results from long-term recordings, computer
      assisted methods supporting the visual analysis are necessary. In this regard the
      continuous spectral analysis of the EEG long-term recordings proved to be highly
      useful.

PMID- 6440841
TI  - [Effect of a minor tranquilizer (diazepam) on gastric secretion in man].

PMID- 6440842
TI  - [Effect of a minor tranquilizer (diazepam) on gastric secretion in rats].

PMID- 6440843
TI  - Prospective payment: the next big policy disappointment?

PMID- 6440845
TI  - Inflation and health care prices update.

PMID- 6440844
TI  - National medical care spending.

PMID- 6440846
TI  - Medicare payment and hospital capital: future policy options.

PMID- 6440847
TI  - Changes in acidic glycosaminoglycan components at different stages of human liver
      cirrhosis.
AB  - Acidic glycosaminoglycan (AGAG) components in normal human liver and at different
      stages of liver cirrhosis were studied at the constitutional disaccharide level
      by enzymatic assay methods. The AGAG content in human cirrhotic liver was 5-6
      times that in the normal state. The most predominant AGAG components in normal
      human liver tissue were heparan sulfates (HS) which accounting for 63% of the
      total AGAG, followed by a moderate amount of dermatan sulfate (DS) and small
      amounts of chondroitin sulfate isomers and hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, the
      oversulfated DS detected in human liver. The increase in both HS and DS content
      reflects an increase in total AGAG with advancing liver cirrhosis. The ratio of
      non-sulfated AGAG, HA plus chondroitin, to DS plus its oversulfated isomer was
      0.24 in the normal state but it increased to 0.80 at the early stage of liver
      cirrhosis. However, the ratio decreased to 0.36 and 0.21 at the typical and
      advanced stages of liver cirrhosis, respectively, with progress in the fibrotic
      process.

PMID- 6440848
TI  - Characterization of basic proteins of bull seminal plasma.
AB  - We have employed high-performance liquid chromatography on reversed phase columns
      to analyse the major basic proteins from bull seminal plasma. The proteins were
      separated preparatively and characterized with respect to molecular mass, amino
      acid composition as well as by means of immunodiffusion against specific
      antisera. The following proteins could be identified: bull seminal proteinase
      inhibitor II (BUSI II), two seminal RNAases, the seminal antimicrobial protein
      and proteolytic fragments, derived from it, and a hitherto unknown protein P6 of
      molecular mass 20 000 Da. Another unknown protein, P5, found to be formed during
      preparation of the basic protein fraction turned out to be a proteolytic fragment
      of protein P6 with a molecular mass of 8 750 Da for the polypeptide chain.
      Antisera against the isolated proteins were raised in rabbits and their
      specificity established. Single radial immunodiffusion was used to determine the
      concentration of the above basic proteins in bull seminal plasma: BUSI II (0.25
      mg/ml), seminal RNAases (6.5 mg/ml) and protein P6 (2.9 mg/ml).

PMID- 6440849
TI  - Carbonate dehydratase (carbonic anhydrase) in a spider. Association with the
      hemolymph lipoprotein.
AB  - Carbonate dehydratase was detected dissolved in the hemolymph of the tarantula,
      Eurypelma californicum. The enzyme was purified 31-fold by gel filtration, anion
      exchange chromatography, a second gel filtration, and finally, preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Zinc content increased during purification to
      up to 2.4 mol Zn/100 000 g of protein (= 1.58 mg Zn/g protein). In the
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis of tarantula hemolymph under non-denaturing
      conditions three major protein bands were observed: hemocyanin, a 16 S
      lipoprotein and the active band which migrated closely behind the 16 S
      lipoprotein. After treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate both the carbonate
      dehydratase-active protein and the lipoprotein revealed bands corresponding to Mr
      = 95 000 and 110 000, respectively, but the enzymatically active protein revealed
      an additional third band with Mr = 40 000. The latter band is though to represent
      the 'true' carbonate dehydratase protein. Upon isoelectric focusing of material
      containing carbonate dehydratase activity and lipoprotein, bands were obtained at
      pH 5.45, 5.6 and 5.7. The band at pH 5.6 contained the peak of enzyme activity,
      and upon dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the highest
      proportion of the 40-kDa polypeptide. It is concluded that tarantula carbonate
      dehydratase, instead of forming a high molecular mass aggregate, is associated
      with the 16 S lipoprotein, the latter serving as a carrier for the enzyme. The
      lipoprotein is probably also involved in other transport processes. It is present
      in great excess and may therefore occur in two forms, charged with carbonate
      dehydratase or uncharged. Tarantula carbonate dehydratase is inhibited by
      acetazolamide and by dansylamide, but not by a number of other known inhibitors,
      most notably not by 4-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonamide. Treatment with 1M urea
      does not affect specific enzyme activity, while 2M urea inhibits by 50%. 2
      Mercaptoethanol inhibits activity by 50% at 0.1M. Like other carbonate
      dehydratases, the tarantula enzyme shows esterase activity. The Km for 4
      nitrophenyl acetate is 5mM.

PMID- 6440850
TI  - Purification, characterization and sequence determination of a double-headed
      trypsin inhibitor peptide from Trichosanthes kirilowii (a Chinese medical herb).
AB  - A double-headed trypsin inhibitor peptide was isolated and purified from the root
      of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (Cucurbitaceae), a Chinese medical herb, by 2.5%
      trichloroacetic acid and heat treatment followed by affinity chromatography with
      immobilized trypsin and ion-exchange chromatography. This inhibitor, consisting
      of 41 amino-acid residues with three pairs of disulfide bonds was sequenced. Two
      active domains were found to be located at two disulfide loops composed of eight
      (Pos. 17-24) and nine (Pos. 29-37) amino-acid residues, respectively. It inhibits
      two molecules of trypsin simultaneously and might be regarded as the smallest
      double-headed trypsin inhibitor (Mr = 4575) so far known. The chemical
      modification of the inhibitor with cyclohexandione and citraconic anhydride
      showed that Arg20-Gly21 and Lys30-Leu31 corresponded to the two reactive sites,
      respectively. The discovery of the Trichosanthes inhibitor is of importance not
      only for the study on the structure-function relationship of proteinase inhibitor
      peptides but also for the search for low molecular mass inhibitors of clinical
      value among Chinese medical herbs.

PMID- 6440851
TI  - Identification of a disialoganglioside (GD1a) containing terminal N-acetyl-9-O
      acetylneuraminic acid in rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Gangliosides containing 350 micrograms of sialic acids were isolated from 2.85 X
      10(11) rat erythrocytes and found to be mainly composed of GD1a and an unknown
      alkali-labile species which was converted to GD1a after treatment with ammonia.
      Smaller amounts of GM1 and Fuc-GM1 were also present. Identification of the
      sialic acids of the novel species by thin-layer chromatography, high performance
      liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry revealed
      the presence of both N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-neuraminic
      acid in about equimolar amounts. Incubation of the isolated ganglioside with
      Vibrio cholerae sialidase released N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Non O
      acetylated GM1 was identified as the only remaining ganglioside by thin-layer
      chromatography. Thus this novel ganglioside has the following structure:
      Neu5,9Ac2 alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4(Neu5Ac alpha-2-3)Gal beta 1-4Glc
      beta 1-1'Cer.

PMID- 6440852
TI  - Cardiac myxoma: an immunoperoxidase study of histogenesis.
AB  - Eleven surgically excised left atrial myxomas have been stained for factor VIII
      related antigen (VIII-RA) and actin by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique.
      Most tumour cells were negative for VIII-RA. However a population was identified
      forming cords and vascular channels which possessed a core or lining of tumour
      cells with an endothelial morphology which were positive. Tumour cells lining
      vessel-like invaginations of the surface also showed focal positive staining. The
      staining pattern for actin precisely mirrored that for VIII-RA. These findings
      support the established theory that cardiac myxomas arise from primitive
      endocardial or subendocardial mesenchymal cells with the potential to
      differentiate towards endothelial cells. They are incompatible with the theory
      that these tumours originate from cardiac endothelium.

PMID- 6440853
TI  - Molecular cloning of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RaDNA in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6440854
TI  - Effect of chemical modification on placental alpha-mannosidase.

PMID- 6440855
TI  - Coexpression of multiple immunoglobulin isotypes on human B-lymphocytes.
AB  - Endogenous immunoglobulin (Ig) determinants on blood B-lymphocytes (B-cells) were
      investigated in 13 healthy individuals, 9 patients with thyrotoxic Graves
      disease, 5 patients with chronic sarcoidosis, and 4 patients with IgA deposition
      in renal glomeruli. Specificities of goat antisera to Ig determinants were
      confirmed by studying Ig isotypes on leukemic B-cells. Absence of nonspecific
      attachment of the goat antisera was ascertained by reacting cells with goat IgG.
      Lymphocytes were distinguished from monocytes by morphology and by reacting
      monocytes with rhodamine-conjugated immune complexes. The endogenous nature of
      the cell surface Ig was established by an antibody-prelabeling technique as
      follows: after the surface Ig had been labelled with fluorescent antibody, the
      cells were cultured for 3 days. Antibody-prelabelled surface Ig diminished by the
      third day of incubation because of shedding. Thus restaining of the cells at the
      end of the culture identified the membrane Ig determinants expressed during the
      incubation. Our results indicated that endogenous gamma and alpha chains were
      present on B-cells of all donors. In Graves disease, epsilon chain was also
      found. In all cases of Graves disease, 2 cases of sarcoidosis and 2 normal
      individuals, gamma, alpha, mu and delta chains were present on the majority of B
      cells suggesting coexpression of these heavy chains on a single cell. I conclude
      that all 5 Ig isotypes may be coexpressed on B-cells under certain clinical
      conditions.

PMID- 6440856
TI  - Use of human IgM derived fragments to study structures responsible for protein A
      reactivity.
AB  - The protein A-binding site of human IgM was studied by affinity chromatography on
      SpA-Sepharose using fragments derived from a human monoclonal SpA-reactive IgM,
      Iz. Neither Fabmu nor (Fc) 5mu fragments were retained on the column but IgM
      reactivity was unaffected by thermic treatment during proteolysis. Products
      intermediate between IgM and (Fc) 5mu fragments produced during shorter
      proteolysis showed a reactivity related to their content in Fabmu regions. On the
      other hand mild reduction of IgM Iz to monomeric subunits results in a dramatic
      loss of SpA-affinity. However these subunits, like F(ab') 2mu but unlike Fab'mu
      fragments, showed a significant interaction with the column. Thus, the principal
      requirement for SpA reactivity with IgM Iz seems to be related to the presence of
      Fabmu regions in a polymeric state resembling native IgM.

PMID- 6440857
TI  - Reactions of infectious mononucleosis sera with glutaraldehyde-treated human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Infectious mononucleosis sera gave positive results in enzymoimmunoassay with
      glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes. This unexpected reaction appeared to
      be caused by the interaction of Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antibodies with a partial P-B
      antigen that apparently appears on human red blood cells in a hidden form and
      becomes exposed by the treatment with glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 6440858
TI  - Evaluation of different subcellular fractions of Leishmania donovani for
      immunodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6440859
TI  - Histones after administration of 4-diaminoazobenzene (4-DAB) in growing chick
      embryos.

PMID- 6440860
TI  - Effect of carbaryl on catecholamines in brain regions.

PMID- 6440861
TI  - Syndrome with oculo dento auriculo cerebral malformation.

PMID- 6440862
TI  - Role of cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors in ADH release in normal humans.
AB  - Although animal studies have shown that cardiopulmonary receptors regulate the
      release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), human studies have produced conflicting
      results. Consequently, we studied 17 normal healthy men to determine the ADH
      response to selective unloading (decreased stretch) of cardiopulmonary low
      pressure receptors by thigh cuff inflation in the supine position. Thigh cuff
      inflation of 30 to 40 mm Hg decreased the central blood volume and right atrial
      pressure (cardiopulmonary receptor load), while mean arterial pressure and pulse
      pressure were unchanged (arterial baroreceptor load). Thigh cuff inflation to
      this level did not alter plasma osmolality or cardiac output. Plasma ADH
      increased an average of 67% (p less than 0.01) following thigh cuff inflation
      compared to the preceding supine baseline. After thigh cuff deflation (n = 6),
      the ADH decreased toward preinflation values. We conclude that selective
      unloading of the cardiopulmonary receptors in humans increases plasma ADH levels.

PMID- 6440863
TI  - Effect of drugs influencing synthesis of prostaglandins on haloperidol-induced
      catalepsy in rats.
AB  - Rats pretreated with prostaglandin synthesis stimulators, phenoxymethyl
      penicillin (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, ip) and levamisole (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip) showed
      a dose related potentiation of catalepsy after subthreshold doses of haloperidol
      (0.1 mg/kg, ip). Pretreatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors paracetamol
      and indomethacin exhibited significant inhibition of catalepsy at lower doses
      (2.5, 6, 10 and 15 mg/kg, ip). However, this antagonism was paradoxically less at
      higher dose levels (20 and 30 mg/kg, ip). The data suggest neuromodulatory
      contribution of prostaglandins in neuroleptic-induced catalepsy.

PMID- 6440864
TI  - Characterization of two glycoproteins isolated from lung lavage fluid of normal
      human and from patients with two pulmonary diseases.
AB  - Two glycoproteins of Mr 62,000 and 36,000 have been isolated and purified from
      lung lavage of normal human and patients with sarcoidosis and bibasilar fibrosis.
      The two glycoproteins contained hydroxyproline, high amounts of glycine, and
      other amino acids in amounts comparable to those present in the same two
      glycoproteins isolated from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis.
      The antibody raised against the glycoprotein of Mr 36,000 isolated from lung
      lavage material of patients with alveolar proteinosis reacted with both the
      glycoproteins isolated from normal human as well as from patients with
      sarcoidosis and bibasilar fibrosis, indicating that these glycoproteins isolated
      from different sources are structurally related to each other.

PMID- 6440865
TI  - A study of complement activity in malnutrition.

PMID- 6440866
TI  - Anthropometry in detection of protein energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6440867
TI  - [Bactericidal activity of azlocillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human
      serum].

PMID- 6440868
TI  - Empyema and splenic abscess in infective endocarditis.
AB  - We report a case of empyema secondary to splenic abscess, cured by splenectomy,
      in the course of an infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus faecalis.

PMID- 6440869
TI  - Synthesis of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor and two omission
      analogs by segment-coupling method in aqueous solution.
AB  - The human growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) peptides [GlyS15]-GRF-(1-15)
      (IV), trifluoroacetyl-GRF-(20-44) (VI), trifluoroacetyl-GRF-(18-44) (VIII), and
      trifluoroacetyl-GRF-(16-44) (X) were synthesized by the solid-phase method. Each
      of the peptides was reacted with citraconic anhydride and the trifluoroacetyl
      group was removed by reaction with 10% hydrazine in water. The citraconylated GRF
      (1-15) peptide was coupled to the (20-44), (18-44) or (16-44) peptides by
      reaction with silver nitrate/N-hydroxysuccinimide to give GRF-(1-15)-(20-44)
      (XII), GRF-(1-15)-(18-44) (XIII), or GRF-(1-44), respectively. GRF-(1-44) was
      shown to stimulate the release of rat growth hormone from rat pituitary cells
      with an ED50 = 8.8 X 10(-11)M. Peptides XII and XIII were inactive, either as
      agonists or as antagonists of the action of GRF-(1-44).

PMID- 6440870
TI  - Immunomodulators and enzymes of purine metabolism in human lymphocytes.
AB  - The enzymes ADA and PNP were evaluated in lymphocytic subpopulations in
      peripheral blood obtained from healthy subjects, elderly subjects and patients
      with immunoproliferative diseases. Some similar assessments were performed on
      lymphoid cells from cord blood. Preliminary studies indicate that Thymostimulin
      can in some cases correct enzymic defects.

PMID- 6440871
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of the two-step skin test for tuberculosis screening of
      employees in a community hospital.
AB  - To assess the frequency of the booster effect as well as the need for and the
      cost effectiveness of the two-step skin test for tuberculosis screening at our
      medical center, we conducted a pilot study from June 1980 to March 1983 with
      hospital and clinic employees. Six (0.4%) of 1,521 employees tested by the two
      step skin test demonstrated the booster effect. The mean age of these six
      employees was 35 years (range, 24 to 44 yr). During the study period, 10
      employees converted to a positive skin test. The booster effect would have
      accounted for approximately 38% (6 of 16) of those converting if the two-step
      testing were not performed. At our medical center, the additional cost of the two
      step skin test was low and justifiable for medical and epidemiologic reasons. We
      suggest that each hospital review the prevalence of tuberculosis among its
      patient and employee populations. The need for and cost effectiveness of the two
      step skin test for new hospital employees must be re-examined on the basis of
      these data.

PMID- 6440872
TI  - [Increased use of enteral feeding by new procedures of intubation].

PMID- 6440874
TI  - Review of day surgery for minor gynaecological procedures.

PMID- 6440873
TI  - Drug management of adult vascular headaches (migraine and cluster headache): Part
      II--Prevention and attacks.

PMID- 6440875
TI  - Administer hyperalimentation in the home?

PMID- 6440876
TI  - Protein-energy malnutrition: an integral approach and a simple new
      classification.
AB  - A new approach to the classification of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in
      adults is proposed. Three widely accepted measurements, triceps skinfold (TSF),
      mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and serum albumin (SA) were evaluated
      simultaneously as representative of the three main body nutritional compartments,
      that is, fat, muscle protein and visceral protein, respectively. These
      measurements were carried out in a group of 1709 healthy controls (1038 men and
      671 women) living a normal life in the geographical area served by our hospital,
      in order to define the standard values (50th percentile) of the chosen variables
      for different age and sex groups. The lower limits of normal values were obtained
      by calculating the 5th percentile for each age and sex group and were expressed
      as the percentage of the 50th percentile. Once the standards and lower limits of
      normality were established, the chosen variables were incorporated into a
      tridimensional Cartesian system, the origin of the three axes (point 0) being the
      lower limits of normality (5th percentile). Each axis was then divided into
      positive (optimal) and negative (suboptimal) zones. This provided eight
      theoretical possibilities of protein-energy nutritional status. In order to
      define completely the nutritional status in a particular individual, the degree
      of severity for each variable should be added (mild, moderate and severe). This
      quantification can be represented with a point in the corresponding nutritional
      space. This classification was used to assess the nutritional status in 135
      consecutive GI hospital in-patients (82 men and 53 women, mean age 48.23 years)
      at the time of admission, and in a group of 50 consecutive GI out-patients (28
      men and 22 women, mean age 47.98 years) when seen for the first time at a NHS
      Gastroenterology Clinic. Only 32 per cent of the GI in-patients fulfilled the
      criteria of being well-nourished. The prevalence of PEM in this group was 68 per
      cent, the predominant types being mixed and kwashiokor-like (35 and 24 per cent,
      respectively). The prevalence of PEM in the GI out-patient group was 18 per cent,
      with a total absence of mixed types. Statistical analysis was performed between
      nutritional measurements among the three groups studied, as well as for the
      prevalence of PEM in different diseases among in-patients. This series was
      compared with other reported series, using the same nutritional variables but a
      different approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6440877
TI  - Adaptive changes in basal metabolic rate and lean body mass in chronic
      undernutrition.
AB  - The food intake of a group of 14 chronically undernourished unskilled Indian
      labourers was compared with that of a group of 14 healthy male controls of
      similar age. Anthropometric and skinfold measurements were used to calculate body
      mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), percentage body fat and lean body mass
      (LBM). The resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured 12-14 h after the last meal.
      The daily energy intake of the controls was 9.46 MJ and of the labourers 6.44 MJ.
      The controls were taller, heavier, had larger BSA and skinfolds and higher BMIs
      than the labourers. The average RMR was 26 per cent lower in the labourers in
      absolute terms, and also per kg body weight/d, per kg LBM/d and per unit BSA,
      although tests showed that the labourers were physically fit and had satisfactory
      cardiovascular function. It is concluded that a decreased body weight,
      adjustments in physical activity and possibly increased metabolic efficiency in
      energy utilization all contributed to the maintenance of energy balance.

PMID- 6440878
TI  - Use of two-point sampling for the doubly-labelled water method.

PMID- 6440879
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II in
      human bone, cartilage and giant cell tumor.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II have been localized in human bone and
      cartilage. Osteoclasts are strongly positive for carbonic anhydrase II but very
      little if any reaction is observed for carbonic anhydrase I. In tendon giant cell
      tumor osteoclastlike-giant cells contained high amounts of carbonic anhydrase II
      suggesting the close relation of these cells to normal osteoclasts. In growth
      plate cartilage strong staining was obtained in late proliferative and
      hypertrophic chondrocytes as well as in extracellular matrix of hypertrophic zone
      also only with anti-human carbonic anhydrase II.

PMID- 6440880
TI  - Asymmetry of canine tracheal epithelium: osmotically induced changes.
AB  - The symmetry of osmotic conductivity of the canine tracheal epithelial cells was
      examined in vitro. When an osmotic load of 100 mosM sucrose was added to the
      serosal bathing solution, no change in the transepithelial potential difference
      was observed in 15 tissue preparations. In contrast, when the same osmotic load
      was added to the mucosal bathing solution, there was a rapid decrease in the
      transepithelial potential difference of 3.9 +/- 0.5 mV (n = 23); ouabain (10(-4)
      M) eliminated this change. Tissues that had been exposed to the osmotic load
      added to either the mucosal or serosal side were compared with the control using
      light and electron microscopy. When the osmotic load was added to the mucosal
      fluid, there was no change in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic area ratio of the cell
      types examined. However, when the same osmotic load was added to the serosal
      fluid, a marked increase in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic area ratio of the ciliated
      cells was observed. This finding indicated cell shrinkage. Dilution potentials
      measured by substituting NaCl with mannitol also showed asymmetry. The
      morphological features are probably caused by differences in the osmotic
      conductivity (Lp) of the basolateral and apical cell membranes, with the Lp of
      the apical membrane being less than that of the basolateral membrane. The basis
      for osmotically induced potentials remained undetermined.

PMID- 6440881
TI  - Effects of CO2 and bronchoconstriction on costal and crural diaphragm
      electromyograms.
AB  - To determine if neural control of the crural diaphragm is similar to that of the
      costal diaphragm, electrical activity was recorded from these two parts of the
      diaphragm in 10 anesthetized dogs during resting O2 breathing and during
      progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia. Within a breath, the onset of crural diaphragm
      inspiratory activity started significantly earlier than that of the costal
      diaphragm under both resting and CO2 stimulated conditions, although the relative
      delay in costal diaphragm activity was smaller during hypercapnia than during
      resting O2 breathing. Following hyperventilation to apnea, both parts of the
      diaphragm resumed activity on the same breath. During CO2 rebreathing, the
      maximal increase in crural diaphragm peak electrical activity was significantly
      greater than that of the costal diaphragm. We also examined the effects of
      histamine-induced bronchoconstriction on diaphragm activity. Following
      administration of histamine aerosol there was a transient of irregular breathing
      during which in three animals costal diaphragm activity became nearly quiet,
      although there was continued activity of the crural diaphragm. Once breathing
      became more regular, there was a significantly greater stimulation of crural
      diaphragm than costal diaphragm activity; this difference persisted for 15 min
      after histamine inhalation. These results support the concept that electrical
      activity can be distributed nonuniformly to the costal and crural diaphragm and
      demonstrate that the crural diaphragm has a greater gain with hypercapnia and
      bronchoconstriction than does the costal diaphragm.

PMID- 6440882
TI  - Blood-gas equilibration of CO2 and O2 in lungs of awake dogs during prolonged
      rebreathing.
AB  - To reinvestigate the blood-gas CO2 equilibrium in lungs, rebreathing experiments
      were performed in five unanesthetized dogs prepared with a chronic tracheostomy
      and an exteriorized carotid loop. The rebreathing bag was initially filled with a
      gas mixture containing 6-8% CO2, 12, 21, or 39% O2, and 1% He in N2. During 4-6
      min of rebreathing PO2 in the bag was kept constant by a controlled supply of O2
      while PCO2 rose steadily from approximately 40 to 75 Torr. Spot samples of
      arterial blood were taken from the carotid loop; their PCO2 and PO2 were measured
      by electrodes and compared with the simultaneous values of end-tidal gas read
      from a mass spectrometer record. The mean end-tidal-to-arterial PO2 differences
      averaging 16, 4, and 0 Torr with bag PO2 about 260, 130, and 75 Torr,
      respectively, were in accordance with a venous admixture of about 1%. No
      substantial PCO2 differences between arterial blood and end-tidal gas (PaCO2 -
      PE'CO2) were found. The mean PaCO2 - PE'CO2 of 266 measurements in 70 rebreathing
      periods was -0.4 +/- 1.4 (SD) Torr. There was no correlation between PaCO2 -
      PE'CO2 and the level of arterial PCO2 or PO2. The mean PaCO2 - PE'CO2 became +0.1
      Torr when the blood transit time from lungs to carotid artery (estimated at 6 s)
      and the rate of rise of bag PCO2 (4.5 Torr/min) were taken into account. These
      experimental results do not confirm the presence of significant PCO2 differences
      between arterial blood and alveolar gas in rebreathing equilibrium.

PMID- 6440883
TI  - The plasmids of Haemophilus ducreyi.

PMID- 6440884
TI  - The inhibitory effect of flurofamide on ureaplasmas and their elimination from
      marmosets by its use.
AB  - Flurofamide, a potent inhibitor of urease, at concentrations of 0.0007 to 0.001
      mg/l inhibited the multiplication of three ureaplasma strains of human genital
      origin (one tetracycline-resistant) and two and three strains of marmoset genital
      and oral origin, respectively. However, a more than 1000-fold greater
      concentration of the drug was required to kill the organisms. Flurofamide did not
      inhibit the growth of arginine-hydrolysing or glucose-fermenting mycoplasmas,
      indicating its specificity for ureaplasmas. When it was given orally in a dose of
      25 mg twice on one day and 25 mg on one further day to marmosets infected
      naturally with ureaplasmas in their throats, the organisms disappeared rapidly.
      The animals remained ureaplasma-free for 42 to 106 days, at which time they were
      successfully infected experimentally.

PMID- 6440885
TI  - Intraprostatic concentration of ciprofloxacin and its activity against urinary
      pathogens.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against 376 urinary pathogens was
      determined. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of the
      Enterobacteriaceae were 0.03-0.23 mg/l, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.37 mg/l, for
      Streptococcus faecalis 0.75 mg/l and for Staphylococcus aureus 0.92 mg/l. A 100
      mg dose of ciprofloxacin was administered intravenously to 25 patients undergoing
      prostatectomy. The concentrations in prostate and serum were measured at
      different intervals. Peak levels in prostate were 3.0 micrograms/g attained 20
      min after administration. Peak serum levels were 1.2 mg/l attained 20 min after
      administration. Serum and prostate elimination was slowly. The overall serum:
      prostate ratio 1:2.1.

PMID- 6440886
TI  - Mode of action and in-vitro activity of vancomycin.
AB  - Vancomycin is a unique glycopeptide structurally unrelated to any currently
      available antibiotic. It also has a unique mode of action inhibiting the second
      stage of cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria. There is also evidence that
      vancomycin alters the permeability of the cell membrane and selectively inhibits
      ribonucleic acid synthesis. Induction of bacterial L-phase variants from
      susceptible organisms with vancomycin is extremely difficult, and such variants
      are unstable. Stable L-phase variants induced by other agents are susceptible to
      vancomycin. Vancomycin is active against a large number of species of Gram
      positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant
      strains), Staph. epidermidis (including multiple-resistant strains),
      Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multiple-resistant strains), Str. pyogenes,
      Str. agalactiae, Str. bovis, Str. mutans, viridans streptococci, enterococci,
      Clostridium species, diphtheroids, Listeria monocytogenes, Actinomyces species
      and Lactobacillus species. There has been no increase in resistance to vancomycin
      during the past three decades. Enhancement of antimicrobial activity has been
      demonstrated with the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside against
      Staph. aureus, Str. bovis, enterococci and viridans streptococci. The combination
      of vancomycin and rifampicin are antagonistic to most strains of Staph. aureus,
      though indifference and occasionally synergism have been shown, but is
      synergistic against strains of Staph. epidermidis. It shows indifference against
      enterococci. Vancomycin and fusidic acid are indifferent against Staph. aureus.

PMID- 6440887
TI  - Compositional analysis of proteins following hydrolysis by immobilized proteases.
AB  - Pronase, proteinase K, carboxypeptidases A and B, aminopeptidase M, intestinal
      mucosa exopeptidases and prolidase, immobilized to derivatized controlled-pore
      glass beads, were used in a study of total enzymic hydrolysis of proteins. The
      combined use of immobilized enzymatic and acid hydrolysis, for assessment of
      protein quality, will give a more accurate chemical score than that afforded by
      acid hydrolysis alone. Amino acid analysis of enzymic hydrolysates of native
      protein substrates (beta-lactoglobulin and insulin) yielded 92% of the
      theoretical values and 103% of the values observed for standard acid
      hydrolysates. These results suggest that using a combination of immobilized
      proteases in concert gives essentially total hydrolysis of protein substrates in
      a time period (18-24 h) comparable to conventional acid hydrolysis methods.

PMID- 6440888
TI  - Rapid determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls,
      using selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry.
AB  - Methane chemical ionization (CI)-selected ion monitoring (SIM) mass spectrometry
      was used to identify and conclusively distinguish 19 organochlorine pesticides
      from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at parts-per-trillion to parts-per-billion
      levels in environmental water sample extracts with minimal sample cleanup. Two CI
      SIM screens were developed. One set of ions scanned specifically for the presence
      of 4 classes of pesticides: diphenylmethane derivatives, bridged polycyclic
      chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated benzenes, and acetanilide pesticides. The
      second set of ions responded exclusively to PCBs with biphenyl moieties
      containing from 1 to 8 chlorine atoms. Eight commercial Aroclor mixtures were
      analyzed and distinguished from the pesticide groups. The detection limit for
      pesticides and PCBs by CI-SIM screening was 0.005 and 0.1 ppb, respectively. CI
      SIM can be used as an alternative method for the analysis of biological or
      environmental samples containing interferences that complicate the detection of
      PCBs and chlorinated pesticides.

PMID- 6440889
TI  - Determination of chlorinated methylthiobenzenes and their sulfoxides and sulfones
      in fish.
AB  - A procedure was developed to determine chlorinated methylthiobenzenes and their
      respective sulfur oxidation products in fish. Perch samples fortified at the 0.1
      ppm level with 2,4,5-trichloromethylthiobenzene, pentachloromethylthiobenzene,
      and their sulfoxides and sulfones were extracted and cleaned up using an
      adaptation of the official AOAC method for multiple residues of organochlorine
      pesticides. The Florisil column cleanup was modified; 200 mL 6% petroleum
      etherethyl ether eluted the methylthiobenzenes, 200 mL 50% PE-EE eluted the
      sulfones, and 200 mL EE eluted the sulfoxides. Recoveries determined by electron
      capture (ECD) gas chromatography (GC) were 75-101% for the methylthiobenzenes and
      their sulfones and 63-93% for the sulfoxides. Co-extracted materials in the
      Florisil eluates that interfered with the ECD/GC quantitation were removed by
      partitioning the sulfoxides and sulfones into sulfuric acid and by thin layer
      chromatography on silica gel, using methylene chloride-hexane (50 + 50) as the
      developing solvent. Seven fish samples containing residues of chlorinated
      benzenes or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were examined for chlorinated
      methylthiobenzenes, methylthio-PCBs, and their oxidation products by matching GC
      retention times obtained with the EC detector and a flame photometric detector
      operated in the sulfur mode. These analytes were not found in the fish samples
      above a detection level equivalent to 0.02 ppm 2,4,5-trichloromethylthiobenzene.

PMID- 6440890
TI  - Direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining aflatoxin M1 at picogram
      levels in dairy products.
AB  - Protocols for detecting picogram quantities of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products
      were established. Milk samples were subjected to a reverse phase Sep-Pak C18
      cartridge treatment before analysis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) according to previously published procedures. M1 in yogurt, brick
      cheddar, and ripened Brie cheese was extracted by a modified Pons method,
      subjected to a normal phase silica cartridge treatment, and analyzed by ELISA.
      The detection limits for M1 in milk, yogurt, cheddar, and Brie were 10, 10, 50,
      and 25 ppt (ng/kg), respectively. Recovery for M1 added to these products was in
      the range 70-110%. Good agreement was found for M1 levels in several naturally
      contaminated milk samples analyzed by both ELISA and liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6440891
TI  - Improved cleanup for liquid chromatographic analysis and fluorescence detection
      of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in fluid milk products.
AB  - A rapid method is described for extraction and cleanup of raw and processed milk
      for determination of aflatoxins M1 and M2 by using a C18 Sep-Pak/silica gel
      cleanup column combination. Aflatoxins are separated by normal phase liquid
      chromatography and their concentrations are determined by fluorescence detection
      in a silica gel-packed flow cell. Recoveries ranged from 99 to 103% with
      coefficients of variation less than 2% for M1 levels of 0.117-1.17 ng/mL added to
      raw milk. Similar recoveries were obtained for M2. The coefficient of variation
      for analysis of 5 subsamples of naturally contaminated milk was less than 1%.
      Agreement with the official method is satisfactory. Each sample requires less
      than 25 mL solvent and 10 min actual handling time. Sample chromatograms show no
      interferences in the M1-M2 elution region and no late-eluting peaks, which
      permits spacing injections at 13-20 min intervals. Aflatoxin levels as low as
      0.03 ppb may be determined by this procedure. Extracts have also been analyzed by
      thin layer chromatography.

PMID- 6440892
TI  - Blood gas behaviour in status asthmaticus.

PMID- 6440893
TI  - Multistage tumor promotion in skin.
AB  - By introduction of conjugated double bonds into the long-chain fatty acid residue
      of the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      the promoting efficacy is abolished, whereas hyperplasiogenic and irritant
      activities are not impaired. By means of such "disarmed" phorbol esters (with 12
      O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate, RPA, being the most suitable one) the process of
      skin tumor promotion can be divided into two stages. Stage 1, brought about by
      short-term (single) treatment with TPA, leads via an induction of cellular
      proliferation to an apparently irreversible change in skin which is proposed to
      involve the expression of the neoplastic phenotype. A subsequent long-term
      (multiple) treatment with RPA (stage 2), results in the appearance of papillomas.
      There is no positive evidence for a critical role of phorbol ester receptor
      occupancy and protein kinase C activation or of free radicals such as superoxide
      anions in stage 1. Retinoic acid inhibits stage 1 only when applied several hours
      prior to TPA, whereas indomethacin exhibits the strongest inhibitory effect on
      stage 1 when applied 3 hr after TPA. The indomethacin effect can be specifically
      overcome by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and correlates with an
      accumulation of PGF2 alpha in skin 3-4 hr after TPA treatment. After 12-O
      retinoylphorbol-13-acetate (RPA) application no prostaglandin accumulation is
      seen at this time. It is proposed that the expression of the neoplastic phenotype
      ("conversion" of initiated cells) is accomplished in the course of a PGF2 alpha
      mediated metaplastic process which normally plays a physiological role in the
      wound response.

PMID- 6440894
TI  - Hepatic glycosphingolipid abnormalities in a patient with GM1-gangliosidosis.
AB  - Glycosphingolipids from the liver, kidney, and spleen of a patient with type 1
      II3-N-acetylneuraminosylgangliotetraosylceramide (GM1)-gangliosidosis were
      quantitatively analyzed. It was noted that large amounts of unusual
      glycosphingolipids other than GM1 ganglioside or gangliotetrasylceramide
      accumulated in the liver of the patient. Particularly, the prominent accumulation
      of III3-alpha-fucosylneolactotetraosylceramide, galactosylceramide I3-sulfate and
      cholesterol sulfate was observed in addition to a small but significant increase
      of galabiosylceramide and neolacto-or lactotetraosylceramide. None of these
      lipids except cholesterol sulfate can be detected in normal liver. None of the
      lipids accumulated in the liver can be the direct substrates for acid beta
      galactosidase which is deficient in the patient. Thus, it was suggested that
      secondary effects due to the defect in acid beta-galactosidase might cause the
      abnormal accumulation of various lipids in the liver.

PMID- 6440895
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of pyridylamino derivatives of unsaturated
      disaccharides produced from chondroitin sulfate isomers by chondroitinases.
AB  - A sensitive method was developed for the separation and quantitation of four
      unsaturated disaccharides (delta Di-0S, delta Di-4S, delta Di-6S, and delta Di
      diS) by high performance liquid chromatography. The unsaturated disaccharides
      were coupled with a fluorescent compound, 2-aminopyridine. Complete separation of
      the resulting pyridylamino derivatives was achieved on a column of muBondapak-C18
      with 8 mM KH2PO4-Na2HPO4 (pH 6.0)/methanol (30/l, by volume) as a mobile phase.
      There was a linear relationship between the fluorescence emission (peak height),
      and the amount of each authentic disaccharide used for the coupling reaction.
      This method was applied to analyze commercially available chondroitin sulfates A
      and C, dermatan sulfate, and urinary glycosaminoglycans obtained from patients
      with mucopolysaccharidosis after digestion with chondroitinases. The data
      indicated that the present method is useful for the separation and quantitation
      of nmol-pmol levels of the unsaturated disaccharides produced from chondroitin
      sulfate isomers by chondroitinases and can be used for their structural
      characterization.

PMID- 6440896
TI  - Regulation of cell shape in Euglena gracilis. II. The effects of altered extra-
      and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the effect of calmodulin antagonists.
AB  - When cultures of Euglena gracilis Z., normally grown in medium containing 180
      microM-Ca2+, are resuspended in Ca2+-free medium cells assume round shapes within
      10 min, from which they recover slowly when Ca2+ is returned to the cultures.
      Cultures grown in 10 microM-Ca2+ do not display the typical circadian rhythm in
      cell shape even though the photosynthesis and cell division circadian rhythms are
      unaffected. Elevating intracellular Ca2+ levels by the addition of the Ca2+
      ionophore A23187 prevents cells from undergoing the two daily shape changes
      characteristic of growth-synchronized cultures, but does not alter the ability to
      maintain the cell shapes found at the time of ionophore addition. When the
      calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine are added to cultures,
      the cells always respond by rounding. Cells are not able to maintain any cell
      shape other than spherical in the presence of these inhibitors and therefore
      cannot change shape throughout the daily cycle as is found in the control
      populations.

PMID- 6440897
TI  - Study of chlorinated diphenyl ethers and chlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols as
      interferences in the determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
      chlorinated dibenzo furans in biological samples.
AB  - Two classes of environmentally occurring chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons which
      have mass spectral properties similar to the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
      (dioxins) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (furans) were studied. Standards of
      chlorinated diphenyl ethers (CDEs), and chlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols (CPPs) and
      their methyl ethers, along with the dioxins and furans were passed in steps
      through a simple method for the analysis of the latter compounds in biological
      samples. The CDEs, which interfere with the determination of furans by mass
      spectrometry, had similar extraction, high-performance liquid chromatographic and
      gas chromatographic properties as the furans but, in all cases studied, were well
      separated from them on an activated Florisil column using combinations of hexane
      and dichloromethane as eluting solvents. The higher CPPs on the other hand tended
      to generate dioxin residues by ring closure when exposed to strong hydrochloric
      acid solution during sample preparation. In addition, their methyl ethers
      containing four to six chlorines tracked completely through all stages of the
      method with the dioxins. Thus, if the methyl ethers of CPPs were present in a
      sample extract, additional mass spectral information would be needed to further
      differentiate them from dioxins in environmental samples.

PMID- 6440898
TI  - Determination of DOPA, dopamine, and 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPA in plasma, urine, and
      tissue samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection.

PMID- 6440899
TI  - Determination of sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulphonate by high-performance liquid
      chromatography using post-column reaction colorimetry or electrochemical
      detection.

PMID- 6440900
TI  - Resolution and quantitation of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II from human high
      density lipoprotein by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, extracted from human high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL), were resolved and quantified by size exclusion high-performance liquid
      chromatography on TSK 125 and TSK 250 analytical columns connected in series
      without the use of chemical denaturants or detergents in the eluent buffer. The
      columns were pre-equilibrated with a solution containing 0.1 M sodium phosphate,
      pH 7.2, 0.2 M sodium chloride at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. Delipidated HDL (1 mg
      protein per ml) was resolved into two populations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I:
      one representing the apo A-I monomer and the other, a self-associated form with a
      molecular weight of approximately 120,000 daltons. The column eluates were
      screened for immunoreactivity to apo A peptides, and the identity of each peak
      was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      followed by immunoblot analysis. Apo A-I peptides isolated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography disrupted unilamellar phospholipid vesicles to form smaller
      phospholipid particles that eluted on gel filtration columns within the size
      range of HDL. Thus, a rapid method for the isolation and quantitation of non
      denatured apolipoproteins from HDL has been developed using size exclusion high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6440901
TI  - Reliable measurement of non-esterified long-chain fatty acid pattern in blood
      plasma.
AB  - In this reliable assay for determining the non-esterified long-chain fatty acid
      pattern in plasma, only 100 microliters of sample are needed and a single assay
      can be done within 40 min. The isolation procedure was performed by adsorption of
      fatty acids from plasma onto graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B) using a
      column method. After desorption and removal of the eluting phase, fatty acids are
      methylated by diazomethane and quantified by packed column gas chromatography.
      Analytical recoveries ranged between 91% and 103%. Within-run precision gave
      coefficients of variation of 2.3% and 11% for fatty acid concentrations of 58.2
      and 0.6 mumol/l, respectively. Studies of plasma samples under various storage
      conditions indicated that reliable measurement of the non-esterified fatty acid
      fraction can be obtained even after 60 days if specimens are conserved at -18
      degrees C in the presence of a suitable phospholipase inhibitor.

PMID- 6440902
TI  - A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate antibodies to
      Epstein-Barr virus membrane antigen gp340.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection
      of antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus membrane antigen (MA) glycoprotein,
      gp340, in tamarins. The assay was found to be a thousand-fold more sensitive than
      conventional indirect immunofluorescence tests and consequently it was possible
      to follow accurately the sequential production of specific antibodies to gp340 by
      tamarins during a course of immunization.

PMID- 6440903
TI  - [Follow-up study of 66 cases with metastatic liver cancer treated with the
      Maruyama vaccine--conditions for their survival].

PMID- 6440904
TI  - Detection of serum antibody to Brucella abortus in cattle by use of a
      quantitative fluorometric immunoassay.
AB  - A quantitative fluorometric immunoassay (FIAX) was adapted for the detection of
      serum antibodies to Brucella abortus in cattle. Results are expressed in
      nanograms of immunoglobulin binding the antigen carrier. The FIAX was compared
      with the standard tube agglutination, Rivanol precipitation, and complement
      fixation tests, using 285 serum samples from vaccinated, challenged, or control
      cattle. Linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation among all
      four serological tests; the FIAX test correlated best with the Rivanol test.
      Ninety sera were from vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle that were challenged
      with virulent B. abortus 2308. The sensitivity and specificity of each
      serological test were determined based on culture results from these cattle. The
      FIAX was the most sensitive of the four serological tests, detecting 79.2% of the
      culture-positive animals. The FIAX was the least specific, with 15.4% of the
      culture-negative animals being classified as positive. Eighty-eight sera were
      from cattle vaccinated with strain 19 but not challenged. All four serological
      tests had a statistically significant ability to distinguish sera from control
      and vaccinates on the basis of mean titers. The mean titer of vaccinates was also
      significantly different from that of challenged animals. Advantages and
      disadvantages of the FIAX test for bovine brucellosis are discussed.

PMID- 6440905
TI  - Serological cross-reactions between Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae.
AB  - The recently discovered mycoplasma species Mycoplasma genitalium was isolated
      from urethral specimens from men with nongonococcal urethritis (Tully et al.,
      Lancet i:1288-1291, 1981). In a previous report (K. Lind, Lancet ii:1158-1159,
      1982), prominent serological cross-reactions were demonstrated between this
      mycoplasma and M. pneumoniae. In the present study, the two mycoplasma species
      were compared more extensively. In classical mycoplasma medium without thallium
      acetate, M. genitalium grew more slowly than M. pneumoniae did but finally formed
      similar amounts of acetic acid and lactic acid from glucose. Although their
      colonies on solid medium were indistinguishable, transmission electron microscopy
      showed that the flask-formed cells of M. genitalium (especially their necks) were
      shorter than those of M. pneumoniae. The two species were distinct since DNA
      hybridization showed only 1.8% homology in base sequences, and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed significantly different
      profiles of the two strains. However, considerable similarities were found in
      their antigenic reactions in various serological tests. The presence of common or
      closely related antigens was demonstrated in the two species with rabbit immune
      sera in complement fixation test with chloroform-methanol-extracted antigens by
      an indirect immunofluorescence test on microcolonies, and by metabolism
      inhibition and growth inhibition tests. Cross-reactions were also demonstrated by
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The role of M. genitalium as a human pathogen in
      the genital tract has not been assessed. If serological tests are to be used in
      this assessment, caution must be exercised due to the extensive cross-reactions
      demonstrated. Some of the species-specific antigens which we have demonstrated
      would be appropriate for use in such tests and would help to circumvent problems
      caused by cross-reactions.

PMID- 6440906
TI  - Preparation and stability of freeze-dried Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures used for
      external quality control.
AB  - In 1976, the Center for Disease Control initiated an external quality control
      program for the isolation and identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This
      program required microbial samples of sufficient stability for shipment to
      laboratories throughout the United States. The Centers for Disease Control
      undertook studies to determine the most appropriate media for the propagation of
      strains for freeze-drying, the cell-suspending media that would afford protection
      during and after freeze-drying, the most favorable growth conditions, the proper
      times and methods for harvesting cells, the appropriate lyophilization
      conditions, the critical residual moisture content, and the stability of samples.
      These studies resulted in the development of methods for preparing and testing
      freeze-dried samples suitable for shipment.

PMID- 6440907
TI  - Evaluation of a C-reactive protein latex agglutination detection test with sera
      from patients with sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - A total of 149 sera, including 79 pre- and posttreatment sera from 33 patients
      with disseminated gonococcal infections, 18 from patients with uncomplicated
      gonococcal infections, 6 from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease, 4 from
      patients with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections, and 42 from normal
      volunteers, were examined for C-reactive protein with a latex agglutination C
      reactive protein detection kit (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.). Results were
      quantitated with LC-Partigen C-reactive protein radial immuno-diffusion plates
      (Calbiochem-Behring, La Jolla, Calif.). Positive latex agglutination results were
      observed in all of the pretreatment sera and some of the posttreatment sera of
      patients with disseminated gonococcal infections and in two sera from patients
      with pelvic inflammatory disease, which corresponded to quantitative C-reactive
      protein levels in the radial immunodiffusion plates. C-reactive protein levels
      were not detectable in the serum samples from normal volunteers or patients with
      uncomplicated gonococcal infections or genital chlamydial infections. Positive
      latex agglutination occurred as early as 20 s in sera with high C-reactive
      protein levels, and all positive results were observed within 90 s of the 3-min
      test limit. Positive latex test results were obtained with C-reactive protein
      levels as low as 1 mg/dl (10 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 6440908
TI  - Evaluation of focus reduction neutralization test with peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      staining technique for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus.
AB  - Titers of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus were estimated by counting
      foci stained with peroxidase-antiperoxidase or by using immunofluorescence
      methods. Foci stained with PAP were clearer and easier to count. The peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method showed a linear relationship between virus concentration
      and the number of foci. A focus-reduction neutralizing antibody test was
      performed with immune rat sera and sera from patients. Again, the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method proved to be more convenient and reliable than the
      immunofluorescence method. Antigenic differences between Hantaan virus, 76-118
      and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus B-1 were clearly demonstrated by
      the neutralizing antibody test.

PMID- 6440909
TI  - Chrysiasis following gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: ultrastructural
      analysis with x-ray energy spectroscopy.
AB  - Chrysiasis is a rare, permanent, pigmentation of the skin caused by the
      parenteral administration of gold preparations followed by subsequent exposure to
      ultraviolet light. We report a case of chrysiasis following gold therapy for
      rheumatoid arthritis, wherein ultrastructural analysis combined with x-ray energy
      spectroscopy afforded precise identification and localization of the gold pigment
      in skin biopsy specimens.

PMID- 6440910
TI  - Cationic amino acid transport by bovine mammary tissue.
AB  - Cationic amino acid transport (arginine and lysine) into bovine mammary tissue
      occurs by a sodium independent and saturable mediated system. Concentrative
      uptake ratios (cell concentration/media concentration) for both arginine and
      lysine varied between 6 and 22. High concentrations of specific inhibitors of the
      neutral amino acid transport systems had no effect upon arginine or lysine
      uptake. Both arginine and lysine were strong inhibitors of each others uptake,
      whereas ornithine showed less specificity for inhibition of arginine and lysine
      uptake. In the presence of all amino acids, cationic amino acid uptake occurred
      at a rate equivalent to that with cationic substrates alone. The presence of the
      independent cationic amino acid transport system in bovine mammary tissue
      accounts for the high cationic amino acid uptake by measuring arteriovenous
      differences of plasma across the bovine mammary gland. This transport system is
      responsible for excess uptake (beyond milk protein synthesis requirements) of
      cationic amino acids for catabolism to other amino acids or potential oxidation.

PMID- 6440911
TI  - Impact of genetic manipulation.
AB  - Genetic progress for production in dairy cattle is 50% or less of optimum.
      Manipulation of the reproductive process to increase genetic gains was reviewed.
      Economics of manipulating the reproductive process was evaluated by equating
      future discounted net income to current discounted expenses and solving for the
      break-even cost of the technique for 1 to n years the technique is employed.
      Techniques such as embryo transfer and sexed semen can be evaluated for
      economics. A system of splitting female embryos to produce performance-tested
      female genotypes was presented. The system has the capability of increasing
      genetic gains per year by 35%. The proposed system could be profitable if it is
      incorporated in the artificial insemination system and directed by professional
      geneticists.

PMID- 6440912
TI  - Tell me, just what am I to do?

PMID- 6440913
TI  - [Five years' use of CO2 laser in the treatment of cervical lesions: 475 treated
      cases (mainly dysplasias and carcinomas in situ)].
AB  - The authors have used the CO2 laser for the treatment of cervical lesions since
      1979. 475 cases were treated, of whom three-quarters were suffering from
      dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. The cases were discovered by smears from the
      cervix and vagina and by colposcopy and were confirmed by biopsy. The ways in
      which the treatment could be conducted depended on the site and not on the
      severity of the lesion so long as cases of micro-invasion were excluded. When the
      lesion was sited on the ectocervix the treatment consisted, after taking a small
      biopsy for histological checking, in the destruction of the lesion using a laser
      attached to a microscope. When the lesion was endocervical conisation had to be
      carried out using a laser attached to an apparatus held in the hand. Colposcopic
      examination carried out 15 to 20 days after treatment made it possible to
      discover whether the treatment had been complete or not. Recurrences are
      characterised by the return of colposcopic and cytological abnormalities.
      Sometimes these are only cytological and may occur 6 to 18 months after
      treatment. After 5 years the level of recurrences is remarkably low and is less
      than 4 per cent. Secondary complications such as haemorrhage are very rare, and
      the morphology of the cervix is hardly changed except in a few cases. The
      operator must know very well indeed how to use the colposcope to undertake such
      treatments successfully,

PMID- 6440914
TI  - Ergotaminism after a single dose of ergotamine tartrate.
AB  - A 32-year-old female developed classical signs and symptoms of ergotaminism after
      taking a single rectal suppository of ergotamine tartrate. Her symptoms gradually
      resolved with minimal therapy over the next week. Ergotaminism is the most
      frequent form of ergotism and should be considered in all patients with vascular
      insufficiency who are taking ergotamine-containing drugs.

PMID- 6440915
TI  - Lymphocyte bacterial rosette test: methodological details and effect of metabolic
      inhibitors and divalent cations.
AB  - Lymphocytes bind certain bacteria. This property has been utilized in the
      lymphocyte bacterial rosette assay to identify T and B cell subsets. Here we
      determined the optimum conditions for the assay, studied the effect of metabolic
      inhibitors and divalent cations and compared bacterial rosette-forming lymphocyte
      subpopulations with those defined with monoclonal antibodies. The strains used
      were Brucella melitensis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and
      Escherichia coli. Optimum attachment was obtained at 4 degrees C in 6% BSA with
      ultrasonicated bacteria. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with the microfilament
      disruptive drug cytochalasin B suppressed the binding of bacteria, whereas
      colchicine (inhibitor of microtubules), puromycin (inhibitor of translation),
      sodium azide (inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation) and 2-deoxyglucose
      (inhibitor of glycolysis) had no effect. Divalent cations were required for the
      attachment of bacteria. B. melitensis bound to DR-positive cells, whereas the
      other bacterial strains rosetted OKT4- OKT8- and DR-positive cells without
      exhibiting helper or suppressor T cell or B lymphocyte specificity.

PMID- 6440916
TI  - [Clinical usefulness of exercise-nitroglycerin myocardial imaging using dual
      administration of thallium-201].
AB  - In order to differentiate transient myocardial ischemia from infarction, the
      delayed thallium-201 myocardial imaging (redistribution image) is widely
      utilized, however, the precise mechanism of redistribution remains unsolved. In
      the present study, we proposed a new method to elucidate myocardial ischemia on
      images. In normal subjects, patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI) without
      angina pectoris (AP) and patients with AP, 1.4 mCi of thallium-201 (Tl-201) was
      intravenously injected at the peak exercise, and immediately myocardial images
      were obtained in the three projections. Then, 0.3 mg of nitroglycerin (NTG) was
      sublingually given, and 0.6 mCi of Tl-201 was readministered. NTG myocardial
      images were analyzed in the left anterior oblique projection and evaluated
      visually and quantitatively. There was no significant difference in the relative
      activity on exercise to NTG images in normal subjects and patients with OMI,
      while patients with AP showed increased activity on exercise to NTG images.
      Furthermore, the increase in relative activity done by the exercise-nitroglycerin
      study was greater than that by the conventional exercise-redistribution study in
      patients with AP. It was concluded that a new method in the present study is able
      to image myocardial ischemia distinctly and could be useful in clinical studies.

PMID- 6440917
TI  - [Comparative clinical study of DL-8280 and cefaclor for suppurative skin and soft
      tissue infections by a double-blind method].

PMID- 6440918
TI  - [Clinical significance of Citrobacter isolates].

PMID- 6440919
TI  - [Staphylococci in the tears of normal human].

PMID- 6440920
TI  - [Comparative clinical study of ofloxacin and cefaclor in bacterial bronchitis].

PMID- 6440921
TI  - [A comparative study on ceftazidime and cefoperazone in the treatment of urinary
      tract infections by a double blind method].

PMID- 6440922
TI  - [Biotyping and phage-typing of Salmonella sp. serovar typhimurium as
      epidemiological tools].

PMID- 6440923
TI  - [The effects of antibiotics on the intestinal bacterial flora and blood
      coagulation system].

PMID- 6440924
TI  - [The investigation of prostatic fluid and tissue levels of DL-8280 and clinical
      study of DL-8280 in acute prostatitis].

PMID- 6440925
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of ofloxacin in a patient with typhoid fever].

PMID- 6440927
TI  - [Listeria meningitis occurring in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia
      during remission].

PMID- 6440926
TI  - [A case of Legionnaires' disease and Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia
      complicated with malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 6440928
TI  - [Studies on the development and clinical application of a silicone hollow-fiber
      membrane oxygenator].

PMID- 6440929
TI  - [Clinical experience with a polypropyrene hollow fiber oxygenator--comparative
      study of Termo Capiox II and Shiley bubble oxygenator].

PMID- 6440930
TI  - [The interaction of glycogen particle and its metabolic enzymes in the regulation
      of glycogen metabolism].

PMID- 6440931
TI  - [Changes in plasma 2-hydroxyestrone levels in pubertal females and correlation
      with sex hormones].
AB  - Plasma levels of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) were measured by specific
      radioimmunoassay during puberty to elucidate the physiological role of this
      hormone on female sexual development. Plasma levels of FSH, LH, PRL and estradiol
      (E2) were also measured with an RI-kit. 67 girls between aged 6 and 16 were
      selected for this study. Blood samples were collected into tubes containing
      0.1W/V% EDTA and 0.1W/V% ascorbic acid and immediately centrifuged. 2-OHE1 in
      plasma was extracted and separated with a Sephadex LH-20 column. RIA was applied
      using anti 2-OHE1-17-CMO-BSA. Plasma 2-OHE1 levels before menarche were low (6-7
      pg/ml) until 10 years of age. The levels started to increase from 11 and reached
      11.2 +/- 5.8pg/ml at 16 years of age. The levels of 2-OHE1 in girls after
      menarche were significantly higher than that before menarche (p less than 0.01).
      There was a significant correlation between 2-OHE1 and E2 in girls before
      menarche (p less than 0.001, r = 0.5416). However, the 2-OHE1 to E2 ratio
      decreased significantly from 9 to 10 years of age. These results indicate that
      during this period, the E2 increase is more predominant than that of 2-OHE1.
      There was a significant negative correlation between 2-OHE1 and PRL after
      menarche while no correlation between 2-OHE1 and FSH, LH was noticed. These
      results suggested that 2-OHE1 may play a role in sexual development after
      menarche rather than in the initiation of menarche.

PMID- 6440932
TI  - [Ultrasonographical assessment of follicular growth in delayed ovulation].
AB  - The growth of the follicle was monitored in 61 subjects by ultrasonography and by
      the serial determinations of serum LH, FSH, estradiol (E2) and progesterone. All
      the subjects were judged to have normal luteal functions on the basis of their
      BBT patterns. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the length
      of their follicular phase: one with a follicular phase of 12--17 days (the
      control group, 39 cycles) and the other with a follicular phase of 18--26 days
      (the delayed ovulation group, 22 cycles). Ultrasonographically, the follicle grew
      slowly during the early follicular phase (slow growing phase), but began to grow
      more rapidly at 7 or 8 days before ovulation (rapid growing phase). In comparison
      with the control group, the slow growing phase was significantly prolonged in the
      delayed ovulation group. But in the length of the rapid growing phases and
      follicular growth rate, there were no significant differences between the two
      groups. In the serum levels of E2, LH, FSH and P, there were no significant
      differences between the two groups.

PMID- 6440933
TI  - A histochemical study of carbonic anhydrase activity in alveolar bone of the rat.

PMID- 6440934
TI  - [Experimental studies on the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer by
      immunoactivators and interferon].

PMID- 6440935
TI  - [Experimental chemotherapy of human breast carcinomas transplanted into nude
      mice].

PMID- 6440936
TI  - [Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with N1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil
      (FT-207) for gastric cancer patients. Influence of fat emulsification on
      lymphatic transport].

PMID- 6440937
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degenerations].

PMID- 6440938
TI  - [A case of pachygyria associated with total hemiatrophy and partial epilepsy].

PMID- 6440939
TI  - [Experimental study on the effect of various disinfectants on oral microflora].

PMID- 6440940
TI  - Tinnitus: treatment methods and results.

PMID- 6440941
TI  - Ketone body kinetics in humans: the effects of insulin-dependent diabetes,
      obesity, and starvation.
AB  - The kinetics of acetoacetate (A) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (B) have been studied
      following the injection as a pulse or continued infusion of [3-14C]acetoacetate
      (A*) or [14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate (B*) into six newly diagnosed, untreated,
      ketotic diabetic patients, ten obese subjects in the postabsorptive state, and
      the ten obese subjects after 1-2 weeks starvation (50 cal per day). Employing a
      compartmental model of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate kinetics developed
      using CONSAM for normal subjects, the rate coefficients (Lij), rates of release
      of newly synthesized acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate into the blood (UA,
      UB), and fractional removal of each compound (FCRA and FCRB) were calculated.
      Ketone body release into blood (UA + UB) in diabetic subjects was threefold
      higher than normal (mean +/- SD, 208 +/- 118 versus 81 +/- 66 mumol min-1 m-2)
      and in obese subjects the rate increased on starvation from 171 +/- 70 to 569 +/-
      286 mumol min-1 m-2. In each case most of the increase was in beta
      hydroxybutyrate. The major change in diabetes and on starvation of the obese
      subjects was in the rate coefficient for removal of ketone bodies. Normally 0.168
      +/- 0.109 min-1, it was 0.055 +/- 0.040 min-1 in the diabetic patients and fell
      from 0.066 +/- 0.040 to 0.027 +/- 0.019 min-1 in the obese subjects on
      starvation. In normal subjects, FCRA was similar to FCRB (0.226 +/- 0.142 versus
      0.188 +/- 0.124 min-1). However, in diabetics, FCRA was 0.074 +/- 0.044 and FCRB
      was 0.050 +/- 0.034 min-1 and both were lower than normal. On starvation of obese
      subjects, FCRA fell from 0.199 +/- 0.047 to 0.089 +/- 0.035 min-1, whereas FCRB
      fell from 0.141 +/- 0.040 to 0.033 +/- 0.012 min-1. Therefore, the removal of
      beta-hydroxybutyrate was impaired more than that of acetoacetate in all patients.
      Our results confirm previous observations that ketosis is associated with high
      rates of ketogenesis and a decrease in fractional clearance. In addition, we
      found that in diabetes, obesity, and in obese subjects following starvation, most
      of the increased synthesis was in beta-hydroxybutyrate and that the clearance of
      beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased more than that of acetoacetate.

PMID- 6440942
TI  - TRH stimulation test in normal and in thyroid disorders.

PMID- 6440943
TI  - The influence of the smeared layer upon dentinal tubule penetration by plastic
      filling materials.

PMID- 6440945
TI  - The rhesus blood group in Taiwan.

PMID- 6440944
TI  - Annual gonadotropin and testosterone cycles in free-living male birds.

PMID- 6440946
TI  - [Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in chronic uremic men].

PMID- 6440947
TI  - Factors affecting the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan by genetically modified
      strains of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Derivatives of Escherichia coli strain W3110 with increased tryptophan synthase
      (TS) activity were constructed. The biosynthesis of serine was shown to limit
      tryptophan production in minimal medium with indole as precursor. In the presence
      of serine and indole we obtained a correlation between the specific activity of
      TS and the specific productivity (qp) of tryptophan. Supplementation of the
      growth medium with glycine enhanced qp two-fold. In a strain with high serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) activity no such increase of tryptophan
      productivity was observed, although crude extracts from these cells were shown to
      produce tryptophan with indole, one-carbon units and glycine as precursors.
      Growth of the strain with high SHMT activity was inhibited in a medium with high
      glycine concentration. This inhibition could not be released by addition of
      isoleucine and valine. In a buffer system with permeabilized cells high in
      specific TS and SHMT activities we did not obtain any tryptophan production in
      presence of indole, glycine, one-carbon units and cofactors. On the other hand,
      in a buffer system with indole and serine as precursors we obtained high qp of
      tryptophan [13.3 g tryptophan (g dry wt cells)-1 h-1], which was correlated to
      the TS specific activity.

PMID- 6440948
TI  - Complementation analysis of the aliphatic amidase genes of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - A plasmid, pCL34, capable of autonomous replication in Escherichia coli and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been constructed which carries the promoter and
      structural gene (amiE) for P. aeruginosa amidase, but not the regulator gene
      (amiR). Plasmid pCL34 has been mobilized from E. coli to P. aeruginosa using the
      broad host range plasmid RP4. Complementation studies were performed in P.
      aeruginosa strains carrying various amidase mutations. Measurements of amidase
      activity in the recipients under inducing, non-inducing and repressing conditions
      showed trans-complementation by the chromosomally located regulator gene product.
      These results confirmed the positive control model for amidase gene expression.
      Levels of amidase expression seen during these studies were approximately
      threefold higher than in the parental, amidase-positive strains.

PMID- 6440949
TI  - Discriminant analysis of volatile fatty acids produced in culture medium: a novel
      approach to the identification of Pseudomonas species.
AB  - The volatile fatty acids produced in culture medium by 357 Pseudomonas strains
      belonging to eight species were determined quantitatively by GLC. The resultant
      chromatograms were submitted to discriminant analysis. Stable discriminant
      functions were computed and included in a computerized identification system
      which also involved some distinctive volatile fatty acids regarded as two-state
      qualitative characters (presence or absence characters). Using a test group of
      249 strains belonging to the studied species, more than 89% of the
      identifications made by this system agreed with those made by conventional
      biochemical methods despite the relatively poor differentiation between P. putida
      and P. fluorescens. When the individual species within the matrices were weighted
      with prior probabilities reflecting results given by two simple biochemical
      tests, 96% of the 249 strains were correctly identified.

PMID- 6440950
TI  - A study by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      relationships between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other bacteria.
AB  - High-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to
      analyse the soluble proteins from seven strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, six
      strains of Neisseria meningitidis and one or two strains of twelve other species.
      Approximately 200 individual polypeptides could be visualized as Coomassie Blue
      stained spots on an electrophoretogram of N. gonorrhoeae and similar numbers were
      found for the other bacteria. Each species of bacterium had a distinctly
      different pattern of spots which could be recognized. Quantitative comparisons of
      48 selected spots derived from one strain of N. gonorrhoeae with those of five
      other strains of gonococcus, three strains of N. meningitidis and one of
      Branhamella catarrhalis, showed relationships in agreement with their current
      taxonomic classification but with a higher level of discrimination than that of
      previously used methods. It was also possible to distinguish the individual
      gonococcal strains. It is suggested that the method could be useful for bacterial
      classification and identification.

PMID- 6440951
TI  - The action of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the incorporation of glucose into (1----3)
      beta-glucan in stationary phase cultures of Candida albicans.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose added to cultures of Candida albicans in the stationary phase
      of growth inhibited the incorporation of glucose into the (1----3)-beta-glucan
      fraction of the organisms. In the presence of ATP and cell extracts it was
      converted to 2-deoxy-D-glucose phosphate and when UTP was also present, material
      with the electrophoretic properties of UDP-2-deoxy-D-glucose was formed. In
      similar conditions glucose formed glucose phosphates, UDP-glucose and other
      products. Evidence was obtained that the analogue, after conversion to a
      phosphate derivative, was an inhibitor of phosphoglucomutase. When C. albicans
      was grown in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 24 h, analogue residues became
      incorporated into the (1----3)-beta-glucan fraction and the subsequent rate of
      incorporation of glucose into that fraction was enhanced. The rate of turnover of
      glucose in this beta-glucan fraction was greater than in controls. Pretreatment
      of cultures with beta-glucanase, or incubation under conditions known to
      stimulate endogenous beta-glucanases, increased the subsequent rate of glucose
      incorporation and this increase was enhanced by growth in the presence of 2-deoxy
      D-glucose. The analogue thus had the effect of altering the stability and glucose
      acceptor function of (1----3)-beta-glucan chains. This could affect the
      properties of the polymer network leading to the known effect of the analogue in
      delaying the onset of phenotypic resistance to amphotericin methyl ester in
      stationary phase cultures of C. albicans.

PMID- 6440952
TI  - Dorsal unpaired median neurons, and ventral bilaterally paired neurons, project
      to a visceral muscle in an insect.
AB  - Cobalt backfilling, Lucifer yellow injection and neurophysiological recordings
      have been used to identify the neurons, in particular dorsal unpaired median
      neurons, which contribute axons to the oviducal muscles of the locust Locusta
      migratoria. A total of eight neurons within the VIIth abdominal ganglion have
      axons passing to the oviducts. Three pairs of bilaterally symmetrical neurons
      have ventrally located cell bodies. One neuron from each pair projects to the
      left side of the oviducts and the other the right side of the oviducts. These
      cells lie ipsilateral to the nerve root through which they exit. The neuropilar
      branches are intraganglionic and lie mainly in the ipsilateral neuropile, however
      one of the neurons from each side possesses a giant process, reaching 10 micron
      in diameter, which passes dorsally to the contralateral side of the ganglion. The
      other two neurons are dorsal unpaired median neurons, and have large cell bodies
      which lie at the posterior end of the ganglion. Lucifer yellow injection into
      these two dorsal unpaired median neurons reveals a single neurite passing
      anteriorly from the cell body which bifurcates into two bilaterally symmetrical
      processes which exit to the oviducts through both the left and right sternal
      roots. Similar to other identified dorsal unpaired median neurons, the cell
      bodies stain with neutral red and can support overshooting action potentials. The
      possibility that these two cells contain octopamine is discussed.

PMID- 6440954
TI  - Malignant endothelial neoplasm arising in the area of lymphangioma:
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observation.
AB  - This report presents a rare malignant endothelial neoplasm which arose at the
      site of a pre-existing lymphangioma. The lymphangioma was located on the right
      buccal mucosa, and the malignant neoplasm arose 17 years after irradiation of the
      initial tumor. Clinical, light microscopic and immunohistochemical (Factor VIII
      related antigen and Ulex europaeus Agglutinin-I) studies were made, together with
      observations by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. These studies
      provide evidence that this malignant neoplasm was well-differentiated and had not
      yet lost the characteristics of normal lymphatic cells.

PMID- 6440953
TI  - The syndrome of continuous muscle fibre activity following gold therapy.
AB  - A 72-year-old man suffering from arthritis received a total dose of 500 mg sodium
      aurothiomalate during a period of 5 months. His clinical state then deteriorated
      and he had to be hospitalized. Upon admission he was bedridden, his level of
      consciousness was slightly impaired, he was confused and respiration was
      laboured. Continuous muscle activity was noted on all extremities and at first,
      erroneously, fasciculations were diagnosed. The EMG exhibited continuous muscle
      fibre activity consisting of duplets, triplets and multiplets. The discharges
      occurred in an irregular pattern; when various muscles were examined at the same
      time no synchronicity could be observed between muscle discharges. In the left m.
      deltoideus an increased percentage of polyphasic potentials was found, whereas
      mean duration of motor unit potentials was normal. Spontaneous activity remained
      unchanged during sleep and administration of intravenous diazepam or phenytoin.
      Blocking of ulnar nerve at either elbow or wrist level did not stop spontaneous
      activity in m. abductor digiti quinti. Ischaemia increased the amount of
      discharges after 7 min. Within 4 months after termination of gold therapy the
      patient's condition improved and he was discharged from hospital. Regular EMG
      follow-up after 8 months showed complete cessation of abnormal spontaneous
      activities. Nerve conduction velocities were normal except for markedly reduced
      compound action potential in peroneal nerves. Continuous muscle fibre activity as
      a side-effect of gold therapy is described.

PMID- 6440955
TI  - Morphologic study of jejunal mucosal transplants for the replacement of oral
      mucosa.
AB  - Biopsies were taken at 8 and 12 weeks and at 6 months from oral jejunal mucosal
      transplants in 5 patients who had undergone extensive surgery for tumors of the
      floor of the mouth. Microvascular anastomosed jejunal mucosa had been used for
      the primary reconstruction. Histological findings included flattening of the
      jejunal relief, atrophy and erosion of the epithelium with reduction of jejunal
      excretion and marginal overlapping of oral mucosa. Immunohistochemical labelling
      of the cytoskeleton revealed that jejunal epithelium does not undergo rapid
      metaplasia in the course of adaptation to oral mucosa. These findings indicate
      that the jejunal mucosa does not completely change its architecture and does not
      adapt to the requirements of the oral cavity after a period of 6 months.

PMID- 6440956
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans in fluid aspirates from odontogenic cysts.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans were analysed in keratinizing and
      nonkeratinizing odontogenic cyst fluids. Hyaluronic acid showed the highest
      incidence and abundance amongst the glycosaminoglycans detected. Appreciable
      amounts of chondroitin-4-sulphate were also observed, particularly in the dental
      cysts, with lesser amounts of the other glycosaminoglycans. Heparan sulphate
      showed a higher incidence and abundance in the keratocyst than the other cysts,
      whilst chondroitin-6-sulphate could not be detected in any of the cysts. A
      considerable proportion of the glycosaminoglycans of the fluids appeared to be
      complexed with protein and was released only after proteolytic digestion. The
      origin of these macromolecules is uncertain although it is likely that they are
      derived from both the connective tissue and the epithelium of the cyst wall.

PMID- 6440957
TI  - Pulpal response to a bis-acryl-plastic (Protemp) temporary crown and bridge
      material.
AB  - The pulpal response to Protemp (ESPE Gmbh) was compared to zinc oxide-eugenol,
      Super Syntrex (de Trey) and Protemp plus zinc oxide-eugenol liner in 144 vervet
      monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythus) incisor teeth, according to ADA Specification
      No. 41. Cellular displacement into dentinal tubules, superficial and deep
      inflammation were present only in the 3-day specimens in all materials. Mean
      scores for the test material were lower than both negative and positive controls.
      In the 30-day specimens the prevalence of reparative dentine under the test
      material was similar to the negative control, while at 90 days it was less than
      the negative control, although the severity in affected specimens was more than
      the positive control. Use of a zinc oxide-eugenol liner reduced the severity of
      reparative dentine formation.

PMID- 6440958
TI  - Ultrastructural study of intranuclear tubulo-filaments in a giant cell tumour of
      bone in a patient with Paget's disease.
AB  - The intranuclear tubulo-filaments appearing in giant cells were studied
      ultrastructurally in a giant cell tumour of bone arising in a patient with
      Paget's disease. Serial sections have shown the presence of invaginating nuclear
      membrane around these apparent intranuclear tubulo-filaments, thus segregating
      these structures from the nuclear substance proper. Further sectioning showed
      clear continuity between these tubulo-filaments and the rest of the cytoplasmic
      contents. It is found that these apparent intranuclear tubules represent pseudo
      inclusions rather than true intranuclear inclusions.

PMID- 6440959
TI  - Surgicel: its fate following implantation.
AB  - Surgicel, a local haemostatic gauze, is claimed to consist of oxidised
      regenerated cellulose. It is a polyanion, the functional unit of which is termed
      polyanhydroglucuronic acid. The ability of tissues to absorb Surgicel and its
      inherent haemostatic properties have been extensively investigated. This study
      was undertaken a) to determine the time required for absorption of Surgicel from
      implantation sites in the chest wall muscles of rats, and b) to establish
      mechanisms for its removal. Data derived from sequential uronic acid assays,
      histochemistry using the stain alcian blue, and transmission electron microscopy
      of implanted Surgicel were interpreted to reveal that Surgicel consists of at
      least two active components. These are a soluble uronic acid component which is
      lost after 6 h, and a fibrous component which persists. The latter material
      resembles Surgicel in the electron microscope and is still evident at the
      implantation site at 48 h post-implantation. Moreover, Surgicel can be
      characterized in vitro into at least two components according to its solubility
      under dissociative salt conditions (4M guanidinium chloride). A residual fibrous
      material could then be hydrolysed with 0.3N sodium hydroxide. We postulate that
      the absorption of the former salt soluble uronate in vivo is by early degradation
      and/or systemic clearance, whilst removal of the fibrous material requires
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 6440960
TI  - Benign fibroblastic tumor-like lesion simulating malignancy in the maxilla.
AB  - A benign fibroblastic lesion simulating malignancy is reported. The lesion
      occurred in the right maxilla of an 11-year-old girl and perforated the outer
      cortical plate, suggesting malignancy. The biopsy, however, revealed
      proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrocytes with neither prominent atypia nor
      mitosis in a myxoid matrix. Electron microscopy showed that some fibroblastic
      cells were indeed myofibroblasts. As the lesion did not belong to any established
      entities, the final pathological diagnosis of benign fibroblastic lesion was
      made, leading to conservative surgery. The patient is well without recurrence 18
      months after surgery.

PMID- 6440961
TI  - Salivary gland tumors induced by 32P.
AB  - The oncogenic power of 32P was demonstrated in salivary glands. An intraglandular
      injection of 0.25 mCi of chromic colloidal phosphate (32P) was administered to
      young adult Wistar rats. Seven months post-injection, tumors began to appear in
      the neck region in 64% of the rats. The tumors were sarcomas (50%), carcinomas
      (35.70%), and carcino-sarcomas (14.28%).

PMID- 6440962
TI  - Dental involvement in congenital chloride diarrhea.
AB  - Dental involvement in a case of congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) was studied
      using light microscopy of decalcified and undecalcified sections,
      microradiography and TEM. Mixed enamel lesions were found, involving gross
      hypoplasia at the cuspal level and hypocalcification occurring all over enamel.
      The hypocalcification resulted in the immature aspect of the prismatic enamel,
      porosities, amorphous areas, prominent incremental lines and round-ended
      crystallites. A marked hypocalcification suggests a temporary break of
      amelogenesis likely related to acute episodes of the disease. Globular
      calcifications were associated with enamel formation. Dentinal hypocalcification
      was conspicuous and diffuse all over dentine. A globular mineralization pattern
      was revealed by the tretracycline (TC) stain which was well preserved in
      decalcified sections, thus indicating that TC uptake is related to the organic
      matrix. It is unlikely that TC alone is responsible for the hypocalcified areas
      which extended widely beyond the TC-stained bands. It is suggested that TC uptake
      only adds to dental defects induced by the metabolic troubles of CCD.

PMID- 6440963
TI  - Developing cost-effective presurgical preparation: a comparative analysis.

PMID- 6440964
TI  - The relationship between PaCO2 and ventilation parameters in predicting survival
      in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
AB  - Fifty-eight infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia presenting within the
      first 6 hours of life, who underwent surgical repair, were analysed prospectively
      in order to produce a reliable index of severity of disease that would reliably
      predict eventual outcome. All were treated with paralysis hyperventilation and
      intravenous (IV) isoproterenol for the first 48 hours. There were 30 survivors
      and 28 deaths in this series (mortality 48%). Using arterial PCO2 values measured
      2 hours after surgical repair and correlating them with an index of mechanical
      ventilation (mean airway pressure and respiratory rate), we have been able to
      clearly define two groups of diaphragmatic hernia based on their response to
      IPPV. The first group, with CO2 retention and severe preductal shunting, was
      unresponsive to hyperventilation with high rates and pressures; the mortality was
      90%. The second group responded well to hyperventilation and demonstrated
      reversable ductal shunting only. Survival in this group was 97%. Only four
      patients out of 58 exhibited the "honeymoon period," with a period of stability
      followed by severe ductal shunting. Arterial CO2 accurately reflects the degree
      of lung development in this disease and separates those patients with severe
      pulmonary hypoplasia, where the outcome is invariably fatal, from those with a
      well-developed contralateral lung where there is excellent potential for
      survival.

PMID- 6440965
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of short-bowel syndrome acquired in infancy: an update.
AB  - The advent of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has made survival beyond infancy
      possible for large numbers of patients who have sustained massive small
      intestinal loss due to a variety of intraabdominal catastrophes. However, the
      quantity and quality of life have been limited by the development of late
      sequelae due both to the protracted use of TPN and the long-term complications of
      foreshortening of the gut. To determine to what extent the morbidity and
      mortality of short-bowel syndrome (SBS) may have improved over the last 10 years,
      we reviewed our experience since 1973 with patients losing more than 50% of total
      small intestinal mass in infancy. The etiologies of SBS in the 16 study patients
      were necrotizing enterocolitis (6), midgut volvulus (5), multiple atresias (3),
      gastroschisis (1), and congenital SBS (1). Overall survival was 81%; total small
      intestinal length (SIL) at the time of diagnosis was 44.2 +/- 7.9 cm in survivors
      and 30.3 +/- 7.8 cm in nonsurvivors, probability values not significant. Although
      no patient survived without an ileocecal valve whose total SIL was greater than
      20 cm, the three deaths in this series were not related directly to the SIL, but
      to end-stage liver disease resulting from TPN-associated cholestasis. Among the
      survivors, adaptation to enteral feedings required 13.8 +/- 2.5 mo, during which
      time weaning from TPN occurred; weight at adaptation was 6.87 +/- 1.32
      kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440966
TI  - Colon interposition: an adjuvant operation for short-gut syndrome.
AB  - Six infants with short-gut syndrome refractory to medical management underwent
      isoperistaltic colon interposition (length 11.7 +/- 3.1 cm.). The abdominal
      catastrophes that required extensive intestinal resection were: volvulus (3),
      necrotizing enterocolitis (2), and gastroschisis with intestinal atresia (1). No
      infant had another major congenital anomaly. The average trial of attempted
      medical therapy prior to colon interposition was 5.5 +/- 3.6 months. There was no
      perioperative mortality or morbidity associated with the colon interposition.
      Following the colon interposition, three infants were weaned from total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) in 3 +/- 1 months and all survived. In contrast, three
      infants could not be withdrawn from TPN and they died secondary to complications
      of TPN (2 from sepsis and 1 from hepatic failure). Long-term survival was
      associated with a greater length of small bowel remaining after the initial
      resection (51 +/- 12 cm v 35 +/- 24 cm), colon interposition at a younger age (3
      +/- 1 months v 8 +/- 3.5 months), and a shorter duration of medical management
      prior to colon interposition (2.8 +/- 0.8 months v 6.7 +/- 5.0 months). All
      survivors are now tolerating a regular diet and having one to four formed stools
      per day. Normal somatic growth and developmental milestones are being achieved.
      The follow-up period is from 24 to 84 months. Our experience with the colon
      interposition in the patient with short gut syndrome has led us to conclude that
      when a reasonable trial of medical management has failed, a colon interposition
      is a safe and effective adjuvant to treatment.

PMID- 6440967
TI  - Neonatal intestinal pseudoobstruction.
AB  - In the past 10 years, the diagnosis of pseudoobstruction lasting more than two
      months was confirmed in 10 infants after sepsis, meconium ileus, and
      Hirschsprung's disease were excluded, and surgery or autopsy failed to
      demonstrate a site of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Four infants had
      undergone prior operation for another anomaly: gastroschisis (2) and ileal
      atresia (2). Five of the remaining infants also had megacystis. The lack of
      coordinated intestinal motility was best appreciated by radiocontrast small bowel
      studies, which showed degrees of aperistalsis or segmentation. Rectal manometric
      studies were not helpful. Histology of the intestine was normal in seven, while a
      gross deficiency of nerve fibres was noted in one patient and a myopathy of
      smooth muscle in another. A variety of drugs used to stimulate peristalsis were
      ineffective. Seven patients had 25 operations, often to exclude mechanical causes
      of obstruction. The mainstay of treatment was TPN and intestinal decompression.
      Six children survived; their ages ranged between 8 months and 9 years (median
      age, 16 months). There has been improvement in intestinal peristalsis in five
      children, three of whom now tolerate a regular diet and two of whom are on TPN
      and are currently increasing oral intake. Four infants died, two from sepsis, two
      from TPN-related hepatic failure. In contrast to previous reports, we conclude
      that intestinal pseudoobstruction may be self-limited in some neonates, including
      those with megacystis. Therapy should consist of long-term nutritional support
      and treatment of other anomalies that may be present.

PMID- 6440968
TI  - Complications of superior versus inferior vena cava occlusion in infants
      receiving central total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - During a 9-year period, 204 infants younger than 12 months of age had 294 Broviac
      central venous hyperalimentation catheters inserted. Fifty-nine adult-size and
      235 infant-size Broviac catheters were used. Catheter insertion was via the
      saphenous vein (267), external jugular (7), internal jugular (16), cephalic (2),
      and transthoracic right atrial veins (2). General anesthesia was used for all
      internal jugular, but for only 11 saphenous catheters. Catheter function ranged
      from 6 to 925 days (mean, 112 days). Forty-four infants had malabsorption
      syndromes, 36 had short bowel syndrome, 38 had intractable diarrhea, and 86
      required nutritional support for a variety of other conditions. Fifteen of the
      204 infants developed inferior (10) or superior vena caval thrombosis (2), or
      both (3). Thrombosis occurred in 13 of the 267 infants with saphenous catheters
      (4.9%), and five of the 25 with jugular or cephalic venous catheters (20.0%).
      Obstruction to normal catheter infusion was the first sign of caval occlusion.
      Transient mild leg edema (4) and prominent venous pattern over the legs (3) were
      present with inferior vena caval (IVC) occlusion, but no patient had renal vein
      obstruction or died as a direct result of this condition. Each of the two
      patients with superior vena caval (SVC) occlusion experienced mild to moderate
      edema and venous suffusion of the head and upper extremities, and one developed a
      pleural effusion. Each of the three infants with combined superior and inferior
      vena caval thrombosis died from pulmonary insufficiency within six months after
      SVC occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6440969
TI  - End-tidal CO2 and tissue pH in the monitoring of acid-base changes: a composite
      technique for continuous, minimally invasive monitoring.
AB  - The infrared CO2 analyzer continuously monitors the CO2 tension in exhaled air at
      end-tidal expiration. In experimental animals, we found a consistent relationship
      between PaCO2 and end-tidal CO2 (ET.CO2) in the normal steady state, and in acid
      base disturbances (respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, and hypoperfusion
      acidosis). Paired data analyses of PaCO2 (X) and ET.CO2 (Y) yielded correlation
      coefficients of r = 0.98 (Y = 0.96X + 4.43) during progressive hypercarbia
      (PaCO2: 32----110 torr), and r = 0.93 (Y = 0.89X + 0.93) during hyperventilation
      hypocapnia (PaCO2: 41----14 torr). The relationship between PaCO2 and ET.CO2 was
      seen during hypovolemic shock if pulmonary perfusion was maintained uniform in
      all areas of lung. The ability of the ET.CO2 sensor to predict instantaneously
      the PaCO2 makes it attractive enough to be used in conjunction with the
      subcutaneous tissue pH(pHe) sensor in the management of acid-base disturbances.
      After hypercarbia (FiCO2 0.15 X 40 min; PaCO2/ET.CO2: 100/101 torr), when the
      dogs were returned to room air, abruptly both the ET.CO2 and pHe sensors were
      sensitive to the changes in Fi.CO2. But the response of the ET.CO2 was swifter.
      The advent of transcutaneous gas monitors has shown that intermittent blood gas
      analyses, however frequent, are inadequate for the monitoring of the rapidly
      altering blood gas status in the acutely ill. The ability of the pHe sensor to
      identify whole-body acidosis and alkalosis combined with the speed and ease of
      the ET.CO2 monitor in pinpointing hypercarbic and hypocarbic states makes this
      two-parameter system suitable for the continuous, noninvasive monitoring of the
      critically ill.

PMID- 6440970
TI  - Fat overload syndrome causing respiratory insufficiency.
AB  - The fat overload syndrome developed in a 7-year-old girl who was on home TPN
      which included 20% Intralipid (total lipid dose 3.2 g/kg/d). Acute respiratory
      insufficiency developed with cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. The chest x
      ray revealed mild cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Blood gases showed profound
      hypoxia (PaO2 29 torr on room air). Spontaneous resolution occurred over the next
      seven days as the lipemia cleared.

PMID- 6440971
TI  - Analysis of patients with biliary atresia coming to liver transplantation.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with end-stage liver disease underwent liver transplantation
      between March 1981 and March 1984; 35 (49%) with biliary atresia, the remainder
      with other disorders. This provided us with a unique opportunity to analyze
      factors leading to liver failure in patients who had undergone biliary drainage
      procedures for "uncorrectable" biliary atresia. Four patients in the biliary
      atresia group were excluded (no corrective procedure done, 3; "correctable"
      biliary atresia, 1), leaving 31 patients for study. Transplantation survival was
      84% for the study group and 73% in children with other primary liver disorders.
      Most patients were less than 3 months old at the time of initial surgery, had
      minimal liver disease, and had accepted corrective operations by experienced
      surgeons. Despite these "favorable" factors, bile drainage was rarely achieved.
      All patients with continued bile drainage at the time of transplantation had
      repeated episodes of cholangitis, and cholangitis was associated with cessation
      of bile drainage in half of those with transient function. Findings at
      hepatectomy suggested that in four cases where bile drainage was never achieved,
      reexploration may have been successful. Complications included those associated
      with hepatic failure and portal hypertension. Of note were a high incidence of
      bone disease and a 43% incidence of stomal hemorrhage in patients with stomas.
      The short-term survival after transplantation was comparable in the biliary
      atresia group and the children with other disorders. This suggests that while the
      presence of a previous biliary drainage procedure may increase the technical
      difficulty of transplantation, it does not decrease survival.

PMID- 6440972
TI  - Janeway gastrostomy in children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Brain damaged children frequently are unable to eat by mouth due to
      incoordination of tongue and pharyngeal swallowing muscles. The commonly utilized
      Stamm gastrostomy has several drawbacks relative to the indwelling catheter. A
      permanent gastrostomy consisting of a mucosal-lined tube flap from the stomach
      wall, as described by Janeway, is easily constructed using the GIA stapler. This
      provides a simple, tubeless, and safe way to feed cerebral palsied children
      unable to eat by mouth.

PMID- 6440973
TI  - The gastrostomy "button"--a simple, skin-level, nonrefluxing device for long-term
      enteral feedings.
AB  - In an effort to eliminate the common problems associated with gastrostomy tubes
      in children, we developed a silicone rubber gastrostomy "button" designed to
      replace the standard long latex tube. Easily inserted and self-retaining, the
      device remains practically flush with the skin. The intragastric portion is
      similar to a dePezzer catheter, and a one-way valve prevents reflux of gastric
      contents. Prototypes were evaluated in five children for a time period of 3 to 18
      months. In two additional patients with esophageal stricture, the device was used
      as a temporary plug to maintain gastric stoma patency. Parents and nurses are
      pleased with the button's low profile, appearance, and ease to use. It is neither
      painful nor irritating, and there is no fear of dislodgement.

PMID- 6440974
TI  - Intraoperative irradiation: a new technique in pediatric oncology.
AB  - Adverse effects on normal tissue are the principal limiting factor in the use of
      radiation therapy. Maturing tissues are most susceptible to these side effects,
      so high-dose applications can be a particularly difficult challenge in children.
      Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) enables the radiation oncologist to
      displace or shield dose-limiting organs or structures. These first two cases of
      children treated with IORT suggest that IORT, used alone or in conjunction with
      external beam irradiation, may be useful in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 6440975
TI  - Effect of acute and repeated chlordimeform treatment on rat hepatic microsomal
      drug metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - The effect of chlordimeform treatment on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing
      enzymes was examined in male and female rats following either acute or repeated
      treatment. After acute administration of chlordimeform (100 mg/kg, ip one hr
      prior to sacrifice) differential effects were observed in various parameters of
      the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system with significant decreases
      in ethylmorphine metabolism, cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH cytochrome c
      reductase, and in the spectral binding of hexobarbital and aniline while no
      changes were found in the metabolism of aniline or p-nitroanisole. Durations of
      zoxazolamine-induced paralysis and pentobarbital-induced hypnosis were increased
      significantly after acute chlordimeform administration. Following repeated
      administration of chlordimeform (75 mg/kg ip for four days) to adult male rats, a
      decrease was observed in zoxazolamine-induced paralysis time while pentobarbital
      induced hypnosis was not altered. Metabolism studies using isolated hepatic
      microsomal fractions showed a decrease rate of biotransformation of ethylmorphine
      and aniline while the activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase was not changed.
      No differences were found in cytochrome P-450 levels whereas microsomal spectral
      binding of hexobarbital was reduced while that of aniline was not affected.
      Following acute or repeated administration of chlordimeform to adult female rats,
      decreases in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of aniline, but not ethylmorphine
      or p-nitroanisole, were observed. Addition of chlordimeform to microsomal
      suspensions yielded a Type I spectral binding curve.

PMID- 6440976
TI  - Metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene by alveolar macrophages containing
      ingested ferric oxide, aluminum oxide or carbon particles.
AB  - Rat alveolar macrophages with ingested aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide
      (Fe2O3) or carbon particles were incubated for 24 hours with 3H-7, 12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Essentially the same amounts and types of
      metabolites were produced by and released from macrophages with ingested Fe2O3
      and Al2O3 particles. Smaller quantities of DMBA and its metabolites could be
      extracted with ethyl acetate from the culture media and cell lysates of
      macrophages with ingested carbon particles than from those with Fe2O3 and Al2O3
      particles. Also, more of the intracellular radioactivity was associated with
      insoluble material in macrophages with ingested carbon than in those with the
      other two types of particles. The results suggest that the inability of Al2O3 to
      act as a co-carcinogenic carrier for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is
      not related to its effect on PAH metabolism. However, adsorption of PAH and their
      nonpolar metabolites to carbon may alter the exposure pattern of pulmonary
      tissues to PAH and their metabolites.

PMID- 6440977
TI  - Hamster cheek pouch as a bioassay system in short term screening for tumor
      initiating and promoting agents. Optimization of parameters and observations of
      effects of cytotoxicity on tumor promotion by retinyl acetate.
AB  - The effects of various conditions on tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)
      anthracene (DMBA) and promotion by retinyl acetate (RA), both in
      dimethylsulfoxide, were studied by topical application in hamster cheek pouch.
      The variables studied were: initiation and promotion time and schedule (alternate
      vs consecutive day paintings), concentration of DMBA used for initiation, and
      cytotoxicity. Spontaneous tumor progression followed by regression was observed
      in control animals which had been initiated for 4 weeks with 0.2% DMBA, but not
      given subsequent promotion treatment. Spontaneous progression was not observed in
      control animals which had been given only 2 weeks of initiation treatment,
      although RA both promoted new tumors and caused progression of benign
      hyperplastic lesions (BHLs) to advanced tumors. The approximate optimal
      conditions for obtaining acceptable tumor yields from promotion while minimizing
      associated errors and time periods were: 2 weeks of initiation with 0.2% DMBA and
      4 weeks of promotion with 0.05 M RA, both with alternate day painting schedules.
      Reducing the initiation period but painting on consecutive days caused
      intolerable cytotoxicity and lowered tumor yields although the total dose of DMBA
      was kept constant. Increasing initiation time increased tumor yield in unpromoted
      controls as well as promoted groups, thus increasing errors in net yield from
      promotion. Similar results were obtained from doubling concentration of DMBA and
      halving initiation time. Reducing promotion time to below 4 weeks lowered tumor
      yield due to insufficient time for tumor development. Increasing promotion time
      to 6 weeks lowered tumor yield in both control and promoted groups, possibly due
      to spontaneous regression. Cytotoxicity enhanced progression to advanced tumors
      all of which were inflamed polypoid fibrovascular lesions. The cytotoxicity of
      DMBA was far greater than that of RA. Evidence is presented that tumor promotion
      by RA is not due to cytotoxicity. The hamster pouch system may afford an
      excellent short term mammalian screening test for tumor initiating and promotion
      agents.

PMID- 6440978
TI  - Characterization of polyacryl starch microparticles as carriers for proteins and
      drugs.
AB  - Biodegradable microparticles of cross-linked starch (maltodextrin) have been
      designed as carriers of proteins and low molecular weight drugs in vivo. Methods
      are presented for the synthesis of acryloyl starch and its polymerization to
      microparticles. Macromolecules were immobilized in the microparticles in high
      yields, i.e., up to 40% of the dry weight consisted of the immobilized protein.
      The optimal conditions of immobilization were investigated by varying the
      concentration of starch (D), the concentration of acryloyl groups (T), and the
      amount of additional cross-linking agent (C). Exclusion of the cross-linking
      agent gave maximal immobilization of the macromolecules. Enzyme kinetics, release
      profiles, surface localization, and heat stability of the immobilized
      macromolecules are also presented. Micro-particles based on starch with small
      amounts of acryloyl groups were completely degraded after incubation with
      amyloglucosidase. The degradation of microparticles in serum and in the target
      organelle, the lysosome, was investigated in vitro. The polyacrylic starch
      microspheres (mean diameter, 0.5 micron) constitute an attractive alternative to
      other drug and enzyme carriers.

PMID- 6440979
TI  - Adsorption of pepsin by aluminum hydroxide I: Adsorption mechanism.
AB  - Adsorption of pepsin by gibbsite and boehmite, non-acid-reactive forms of
      aluminum hydroxide, was observed and related to the surface area of the
      adsorbent. Adsorption was pH dependent, with maximum adsorption occurring between
      pH 2.7-3.3 for gibbsite and pH 2.7-4.3 for boehmite. Electrostatic attraction was
      an important adsorption mechanism at the pH conditions encountered in the GI
      tract; the isoelectric point of pepsin was approximately 1, giving it a negative
      charge, and the point of zero charge for the adsorbents was greater than 9,
      giving them a positive charge. However, the pH-adsorption profile can not be
      fully explained by electrostatic considerations. Desorption studies indicate the
      importance of specific adsorption because pepsin was not desorbed by washing with
      acidified water, but was partly desorbed by exchange with phosphate. The IR
      spectrum of adsorbed pepsin also suggested that specific adsorption of pepsin
      occurred through anionic ligand exchange involving carboxylate groups of pepsin
      and surface aluminum ions.

PMID- 6440980
TI  - Adsorption of pepsin by aluminum hydroxide II: Pepsin inactivation.
AB  - Pepsin adsorbed on gibbsite or boehmite, non-acid-reactive forms of aluminum
      hydroxide, had a significantly lower activity than pepsin in solution. IR and
      desorbed pepsin activity studies showed that the reduced activity of adsorbed
      pepsin was not due to denaturation of pepsin on adsorption. Steric occlusion of
      the active site, following pepsin adsorption, was responsible for the lower
      activity of pepsin adsorbed on gibbsite. The porous morphology of boehmite caused
      diffusional resistance and steric exclusion, contributing to the decreased
      activity of adsorbed pepsin. The specific inactivation of pepsin by adsorption on
      aluminum hydroxide may be important in ulcer therapy.

PMID- 6440981
TI  - Effect of nitroglycerin-soluble additives on the stability of molded
      nitroglycerin tablets.
AB  - Nitroglycerin vapor pressures at 25 degrees C were determined for additive
      nitroglycerin systems over the additive-nitroglycerin weight ratio range of 0.5
      to 3.0 for 16 additives exhibiting solubility in nitroglycerin. The effects of
      the additives on nitroglycerin chemical stability at 25 degrees C and 50 degrees
      C were also studied. Tablet stability characteristics, i.e., content uniformity,
      open-dish stability, and chemical decomposition were evaluated for selected
      tablet formulations. Most additives lowered the vapor pressure of nitroglycerin
      sufficiently to stabilize content uniformity when used at additive-nitroglycerin
      weight ratios near 1. Higher additive levels are needed for significant potency
      stabilization in open-dish stability tests, but these levels normally decrease
      the chemical stability of nitroglycerin. However, stabilization of content
      uniformity, a twofold reduction of potency loss in an open-dish stability test,
      and chemical stability are possible with at least three of the additives studied.

PMID- 6440982
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: double blind study of
      auranofin vs placebo.
AB  - PA radiographs of hands and wrists from a randomized 6 month study of auranofin
      (AF) vs placebo followed by 6 months of open AF were scored for progression of
      erosive disease by 2 independent readers. The readers were blinded both to
      treatment and sequence (month 0 vs month 12) of the films. The results of our
      study demonstrate a reduction in the advancement of erosive disease during AF
      therapy compared to placebo.

PMID- 6440983
TI  - Cholestatic jaundice induced by gold salts treatment clinical and immunological
      aspects--report of one case and review of the literature.
AB  - Hepatotoxicity is a rare complication of treatment with gold salts. The clinical
      and laboratory features are those of cholestatic jaundice and other diagnostic
      possibilities must be ruled out. Gradual recovery after withdrawal of the drug is
      the rule. We report a case and review previous literature with emphasis on the
      diagnostic value of the lymphocyte transformation test.

PMID- 6440985
TI  - Cot deaths--can they be prevented?

PMID- 6440984
TI  - Planning and providing services for the Asian population: a survey of District
      Health Authorities.

PMID- 6440986
TI  - Risks to health care staff in the handling of drugs used to treat cancer.

PMID- 6440987
TI  - Post-coital contraception.

PMID- 6440988
TI  - Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: epidemiology and report of an outbreak.

PMID- 6440989
TI  - Food priority in world development.

PMID- 6440990
TI  - Probiotics in modern meat production.

PMID- 6440991
TI  - Health professionals view on exercise--a study.

PMID- 6440993
TI  - Lead in paint.

PMID- 6440992
TI  - Methodological considerations in smoking research with children and adolescents.

PMID- 6440994
TI  - Providing an information service on drugs and breast milk.

PMID- 6440995
TI  - Influence of lectin-free interleukin-2 on natural and antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity.
AB  - Supernatants derived from MLA-144, a gibbon T cell line that constitutively
      releases interleukin-2 (IL-2) and which lack detectable interferon (IFN) had the
      capacity to enhance the natural killer (NK) cells function of human peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. Percoll fractionation revealed that like IFN-inducible
      cytotoxic cells lymphocytes responding to MLA-144 supernatants cofractionate with
      native NK cells. Exposure to MLA-144 conditioned medium also potentiated the
      cytotoxic capacity of extravascular effector cells which are either unresponsive
      or weakly responsive to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Moreover lymphocyte (K
      cell)-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) which is
      unresponsive to IFN-alpha was in most cases subject to a modest potentiation
      following treatment with MLA-144 supernatants. These data confirm previous
      reports that IL-2 can regulate peripheral blood NK cell function and also
      demonstrate that this lymphokine can also influence those natural cytotoxic
      mechanisms which are unresponsive to IFN-alpha.

PMID- 6440996
TI  - Characterization of various molecular species of follicle-stimulating hormone in
      baboon pituitary preparations.
AB  - The properties of baboon (Papio hamadryas) follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH)
      have been studied after isoelectrofocusing (IEF) of individual pituitary extracts
      from five female and three male baboons and of a partially purified bFSH
      preparation (CM-1). The in vitro bioactivities of the female and male pituitary
      extracts and of CM-1 were 6.0 (range 4.1-9.6), 10.8 (6.9-18.2), and 34.1 (30.3
      38.3) mg equivalent of LER 1909-2 reference standard per mg protein,
      respectively. The corresponding ratios of bioactivity to immunoreactivity (B/I)
      were 1.72 (range 1.31-2.06), 1.82 (1.53-2.25), and 1.54 (1.51-1.58),
      respectively. There was a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in all B/I
      ratios after IEF, due to a diminished immunoreactivity without any loss in
      bioactivity. Several molecular forms of bFSH were observed with pI values ranging
      from 4.5 to 7.5, with maximum activity between pH 4.5 to 6.0. The IEF profiles of
      female and male pituitaries and of the purified bFSH preparation were similar.
      However, the B/I ratios of the different molecular species of bFSH increased with
      increasing pI values in every case. It is concluded that there is a significant
      heterogeneity of bFSH in crude as well as in purified pituitary extracts, but
      neither the sex of the animals nor the process of purification influenced the
      quantity and distribution of various molecular species.

PMID- 6440997
TI  - External beam irradiation for prostate cancer: the MBMC experience and a
      literature review.

PMID- 6440998
TI  - Calcium-ionophore stimulated release of leukotriene C4-like immunoreactive
      material from cardiac tissue.
AB  - Administration of leukotrienes to cardiac tissue produces contractile depression
      and coronary artery constriction [5,8], thus making it possible that these
      substances mediate cardiac dysfunction under pathologic conditions. Up to now no
      studies have been performed to determine whether cardiac tissue has the inherent
      ability to produce leukotrienes. The present study was therefore carried out to
      ascertain whether isolated hearts perfused with saline buffer devoid of any blood
      constituents can produce leukotrienes under a variety of pharmacologic and
      pathologic situations. No leukotriene (LT) C4 was detected under control
      conditions or from hearts subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion or hypoxia
      and reoxygenation. A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore markedly stimulated LTC4 release.
      This effect was prevented by nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a selective lipoxygenase
      inhibitor. The addition of arachidonate as substrate had no effect on LTC4
      release. In an attempt to divert arachidonate to LTC4 production, indomethacin, a
      cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor was added before arachidonate. No LTC4-like
      immunoreactivity was found in these experiments. These studies suggest that a
      lipoxygenase pathway for leukotriene production is present either in the coronary
      vasculature or myocardium. It was stimulated only by Ca2+ ionophore, probably
      indicating a requirement for high amounts of intracellular Ca2+.

PMID- 6440999
TI  - Influences of various xenobiotic inducers on cytocidal toxicity of lasiocarpine
      and senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The influences of in vivo pretreatment with phenobarbitone (PB), 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP), and
      3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP) on cytocidal hepatotoxicity of two
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids, lasiocarpine (LC) and senecionine (SC), were compared in
      short-term primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Toxicity was measured by release
      of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into culture medium at 24 h. LC was slightly more
      toxic to control hepatocytes than SC in the graded response range of 10-160
      microM. PB and HCBP (a PB-type polychlorobiphenyl inducer) similarly potentiated
      toxicity of SC, and each diminished the degree to which cell killing by LC and SC
      was inhibited by SKF-525-A. By comparison, 3-MC and TCBP (a 3-MC-type PCB
      inducer) each diminished toxicity of SC but had little effect on toxicity of LC.
      Alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) potentiated toxicity of both LC and SC in hepatocytes
      induced by 3-MC or TCBP but had little effect on responses of hepatocytes induced
      by either PB or HDBP. These results indicate that xenobiotics that induce similar
      patterns of cytochrome P-450 isozymes have qualitatively similar modulating
      influences on cytocidal hepatotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in primary
      cultures. However, the observed modulating effects could not be explained solely
      on the basis of altered activation rates by the cytochrome P-450 species known to
      be induced by the various xenobiotics.

PMID- 6441000
TI  - Antenatal screening for fetopelvic dystocias. A cost-effectiveness approach to
      the choice of simple indicators for use by auxiliary personnel. The Kasongo
      Project Team.
AB  - Screening for fetopelvic dystocias is one of the important objectives of an
      antenatal clinic. In developing countries such screening often has to be carried
      out by auxiliary personnel, which makes it mandatory to use simple indicators. In
      a prospective study of 4772 women in Kasongo (Zaire), the value of such simple
      indicators was tested. The results show that such screening is potentially highly
      effective. The obstetrical history is the backbone of such screening. Which
      indicator(s) will actually constitute the best screening criterion is a matter of
      trade-off between effectiveness (the proportion of dystocias that are correctly
      predicted) and acceptable cost (the number of women referred by the criterion).

PMID- 6441001
TI  - Specialized home nutrition support.

PMID- 6441002
TI  - Observations on the practice of clinical nutrition in hospitals in China.
AB  - Observations and interaction with physicians and surgeons in four Chinese medical
      institutions visited during 1983 are discussed in three broad areas: teaching
      activities and discussions comparing modern Western theory and practice in
      clinical nutrition with that in China; clinical rounds involving discussion of
      the nutritional problems of patients with a variety of diseases; a survey of
      hospital nutrition support practices in China. Difficulties in auditing the
      prevalence of hospital-associated malnutrition in these hospitals are discussed.
      Controlled, independent observations are required to estimate the incidence of
      hospital-associated malnutrition in China. While clinical nutrition has received
      little attention in medical training in China, the Chinese are eager for more
      educational input.

PMID- 6441003
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of preoperative parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing
      major gastrointestinal surgery.
AB  - We used cost-effectiveness analysis to compare three strategies for reducing the
      incidence of severe nutrition-associated complications (eg, would dehiscence) in
      patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery: treat all patients with
      parenteral nutritional support for 10 days before surgery, treat no patients with
      preoperative parenteral nutritional support, or perform a test which stratifies
      patients (treating only the "high risk" or "malnourished" patients). The "test"
      strategy results in the lowest total hospital complication rate when the overall
      incidence of postoperative nutrition-associated complications is greater than 4%
      and less than 39%. However, the cost minimizing strategy is "treat none" as long
      as the overall incidence is less than 78%. In moving from the "treat none" to the
      "test" strategy, the incremental cost per complication avoided varies from
      $11,515 (for a 20% overall incidence), to $1,031 (for a 60% overall incidence).
      These cost-effectiveness ratios for incidence rates above 20% compare favorably
      to the use of routine screening tests performed on preoperative patients.
      However, the cost-effectiveness ratios are quite sensitive to the assumptions
      made concerning the effectiveness of parenteral nutritional support and the
      predictive properties of the test (derived from previous clinical studies). We
      conclude that further research is needed to study the overall incidence of severe
      postoperative nutrition-associated complications for various surgical procedures,
      to confirm the accuracy of stratification techniques and to confirm previous
      studies of the effectiveness of preoperative parenteral nutritional support in
      order to permit third party payers to evaluate the consequences of adopting this
      intervention as a standard clinical practice.

PMID- 6441004
TI  - Optimal lipid content for enteral diets following thermal injury.
AB  - This study was performed to determine the effects of different amounts of lipid
      in enteral diets during the postburn period. Forty-five guinea pigs with catheter
      gastrostomy received a 30% total body surface area full thickness flame burn.
      After burn they were given intragastric tube feedings using five diets at
      different dietary lipid composition: 0, 5, 15, 30, and 50% of nonprotein
      calories. Total calories administered (175 kcal/kg/day), protein content and
      composition (20% of total calories), total volume, and vitamin and mineral
      content were constant in all animals. At postburn day 14, body weight, carcass
      weight, and muscle weight were the greatest in 0 and 5% lipid groups, and the
      least in 30 and 50% lipid groups. Serum transferrin was highest in the 5 and 15%
      lipid groups, and lowest in the 30 and 50% lipid groups. Total nitrogen content
      in muscle and cumulative nitrogen balance were best in the 15% lipid group. Liver
      fatty infiltration, caused from a larger proportion of carbohydrate
      administration, was greater in the 0 and 5% lipid groups and less in 15 and 30%
      groups. It is concluded that dietary lipid levels between 5 and 15% of nonprotein
      calories are optimal for nutritional support after burn injury. The nutritional
      management of postburn patients with higher levels of dietary lipid should be
      reconsidered.

PMID- 6441005
TI  - Use of 20% fat emulsion in peripheral parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6441006
TI  - The metabolism of an exogenous lipid source during septic shock in the puppy.
AB  - Septic shock induces physiologic and hemodynamic responses that may alter the
      host's ability to metabolize an exogenous source of lipids. The present study
      examined the metabolic changes occurring during septic shock in the young animal
      receiving an intravenous fat emulsion. Five 8-wk-old male Beagle puppies were
      studied. Each animal served as his own control twice, during which time 14C
      palmitic acid alone or with a 10% fat emulsion (Liposyn) was administered. Septic
      shock (cardiac output less than 50% of control) was induced with an intravenous
      bolus of live Escherichia coli. During shock the puppies received intravenous 14C
      palmitic acid and Liposyn. The mean respiratory quotient for the shock dogs (0.96
      +/- 0.01) was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of the controls
      (0.83 +/- 0.06). The amount of expired 14CO2 was 25.0 +/- 15.9% for the shock
      animals, 53.9 +/- 28.1% for the Liposyn controls, and 75.7 +/- 30.5% for the
      controls receiving only 14C-palmitic acid (these differences are all significant,
      p less than 0.05). After the onset of shock, serum triglyceride levels peaked
      within 2 min at 851 +/- 540 mg/100 ml and remained elevated at 333 +/- 213 mg/100
      ml. Triglyceride levels in the Liposyn control animals returned to baseline
      values (54 +/- 13 mg/100 ml) at the end of the 4-hr experimental period. Free
      fatty acids in the shock dogs reached a maximal level of 1.44 +/- 0.09 mEq/liter
      at 1 hr and remained at this elevated value for a significantly longer period of
      time than in the Liposyn control puppies. Glycerol value followed a similar
      pattern and cholesterol remain unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441007
TI  - Comparison of intravenous glucose and fat calories on host and tumor growth.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine if the proportions of intravenous
      carbohydrate and fat calories influence the relative growth of a Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma and its host. Rats injected intraperitoneally with Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma cells were randomized into three total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
      groups, G/AA in which glucose provided all nonprotein calories, G/F/AA in which
      the nonprotein calories were 20% fat and 80% glucose, and F/AA in which all
      nonprotein calories were from fat. Except for the caloric source, TPN for each
      group was identical. A fourth group was sham operated, fed rat food, and was not
      given TPN. On the 6th day after inoculation, the tumor in each rat showed a
      dispersed ascites form as well as a solitary mass form involving the omentum. The
      total number of tumor cells in the ascitic fluid and the dry weight of the mass
      were determined. The three TPN groups did not differ in tumor cell count, solid
      tumor weight, ratio of tumor cell count to final host weight, or ratio of solid
      tumor to final host weight. The mean ratio of ascites tumor cell count to host
      weight was not different between the rat food-fed group and any of the TPN
      groups. The mean ratio of solid tumor to host weight was less for the TPN groups
      than for rat food-fed animals. We conclude that TPN had no adverse effect on the
      growth of tumor vs. host and that the source of intravenous calories (fat or
      carbohydrate) did not influence the relative growth of tumor and host in this TPN
      tumor model.

PMID- 6441008
TI  - Hub colonization as the initial step in an outbreak of catheter-related sepsis
      due to coagulase negative staphylococci during parenteral nutrition.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out to determine the pathogenesis of coagulase
      negative staphylococci catheter-related sepsis during parenteral nutrition. Forty
      three catheters were cultured by semiquantitative and quantitative methods. The
      skin around the puncture site was cultured at the time of catheter removal and
      three segments of the catheter were cultured apart: the hub, the proximal
      subcutaneous segment, and the tip. Skin cultures were negative (89%) or yielded
      different coagulase negative staphylococci from those recovered in catheter
      and/or blood. Seventeen catheters were the source of sepsis. In 15 cases an
      infected hub was associated with an infected tip. In two cases the hub was
      negative (one sepsis due to mixture contamination and the other due to
      hematogenous seeding of the catheter tip). Sixteen cases of sepsis were due to
      coagulase negative staphylococci. Staphylococcus epidermidis has been the species
      most commonly isolated, followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus
      saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus hominis. In our patients most catheter sepsis
      have their origin in an infected hub and are not due to migration of skin
      bacteria along catheter subcutaneous tunnel.

PMID- 6441009
TI  - Bacterial contamination of tube-feeding formulas.
AB  - Bacterial cultures were made on tube-feeding formulas provided to 35 unselected
      adult patients on termination of the infusion. Bacteria were counted and
      identified using routine procedures. Formulas were classified as nonmanipulated,
      manipulated, or locally prepared. Medical records were reviewed to determine if
      diarrhea was present during the period that included 2 days on either side of the
      sampling day. A significant association was observed between the extent of
      bacterial contamination and the presence of diarrhea (p = 0.027). Locally
      prepared and manipulated formulas contained a significantly greater number of
      organisms when compared to nonmanipulated formulas (x2 = 17.81, p less than
      0.001). Counts for two baseline and four termination cultures on locally prepared
      formulas exceeded the acceptable limit for coliform organisms in pasteurized milk
      according to public health standards. Eight additional cultures on commercial
      feeding formulas which were presumably sterile initially, exceeded these
      standards at the end of the administration period. Thus 12 of 35 formulas (34%)
      would not meet public health standards applicable to pasteurized milk. Use of
      sterile nonmanipulated formulas in a closed administration set is recommended,
      along with routine, periodic bacteriologic surveillance of enteral feeding
      programs.

PMID- 6441010
TI  - When does metoclopramide facilitate transpyloric intubation?
AB  - Postpyloric feeding probably reduces the incidence of tracheobronchial aspiration
      and improves feeding tolerance. However, duodenal intubation is often
      unsuccessful in critically ill patients due to gastric atony. Metoclopramide
      improves gastric emptying. In a pilot study, 12 adult patients were administered
      10 to 20 mg of intravenous metoclopramide after weighted nasal feeding tubes had
      failed to spontaneously pass distal to the pylorus. In no patient did
      metoclopramide induce transpyloric passage of the tube. A randomized prospective
      study involving 10 adult patients was conducted to examine the effect of
      preinsertion intravenous metoclopramide on transpyloric intubation. All patients
      had failed to achieve spontaneous duodenal intubation. Five patients received 20
      mg of metoclopramide 10 min prior to nasal insertion of a weighed feeding tube.
      Five control patients received no premedication. Four metoclopramide patients
      achieved duodenal intubation immediately. In none of the control patients did
      transpyloric intubation occur (p = 0.048). Metoclopramide, administered after
      nasogastric intubation, is ineffective in promoting transpyloric advancement of
      feeding tubes. There is a significant increase in transpyloric intubation when
      metoclopramide is administered prior to tube insertion.

PMID- 6441011
TI  - Gastric relaxation prior to enteral feeding.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the observed gastric
      relaxation associated with the intragastric infusion of a liquid meal could be
      conditioned to the temporarily associated auditory cues to enteral feeding and
      thus produce decreased intragastric pressures under "sham" feeding conditions.
      Eight normal volunteers received either enteral feedings or sham feedings
      followed by enteral feedings on 72 separate trial days. The feedings were
      administered at a constant rate via a Harvard infusion pump. Intragastric
      pressure changes were monitored by an open tipped pressure cannula which was
      attached to the feeding tube. A sham feeding consisted of carrying out all
      preparatory procedures including activation of the feeding pump which was
      visually screened from the patient. Without the subjects' knowledge the liquid
      diet was diverted to another reservoir instead of through the nasogastric tube.
      This sham type infusion produced a gastric response similar to the response to a
      normal diet infusion as evidenced by a decrease in intragastric pressure and a
      suppression of irregular high amplitude contractions that are associated with
      hunger. This anticipatory response to enteral feeding indicative of prospective
      relaxation of the stomach may enhance the subsequent accommodation to a volume of
      diet. Additional studies are needed to investigate the importance of visual and
      auditory cues on patient tolerance of enteral feedings.

PMID- 6441012
TI  - Effect of high percentage medium-chain triglyceride diet on mucosal adaptation
      following massive bowel resection in rats.
AB  - Patients undergoing massive small bowel resection for a variety of conditions
      develop severe nutrient malabsorption which gradually improves through mucosal
      hyperplasia in the remaining small intestine. Following massive small bowel
      resection, patients are generally fed elemental diets, often containing high
      concentrations of medium-chain triglycerides. We evaluated the effect of high
      percentage medium-chain triglyceride feeding on mucosal adaptation following
      massive small bowel resection in rats. Twenty 150-g Sprague-Dawley rats were
      subjected to 60% jejunoileal resection. Another 20 animals received sham
      operations. One-half of each group were fed a diet containing 83% of the fat as
      medium-chain triglycerides, the remainder were fed a diet containing 40% medium
      chain triglycerides. Animals were pair-fed for 2 wk and subsequently killed. The
      remaining bowel was removed and unidirectional glucose and leucine uptake were
      measured using isolated sacs. Mucosal wet weight, protein, and sucrase content
      were determined. Animals fed medium-chain triglycerides demonstrated decreased
      mucosal weight in the proximal bowel, decreased mucosal sucrase activity in the
      proximal bowel, and decreased mucosal leucine uptake in the distal bowel. While
      medium-chain triglycerides offer an advantage to patients with short bowel
      syndrome because they are easily absorbed, they may not stimulate the same degree
      of mucosal adaptation following resection as long-chain triglyceride feedings.

PMID- 6441013
TI  - Selenium depletion in burn patients.
AB  - Victims of major burns may be at risk for selenium (Se) depletion because
      increased postinjury nutrient needs are often met by total parental nutrition and
      tube feedings which contain little Se. This study compared Se status of 17 burn
      patients and 191 healthy control subjects. Se intake of burn patients was lower
      than the intake of control subjects when total parenteral nutrition or tube
      feedings were used as primary nutrient sources but was comparable to the control
      intake when burn patients consumed oral diets. Serial determinations each 10 days
      during recovery showed that burn patients had lower plasma Se, erythrocyte Se,
      and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase levels, and lower 24-hr urine Se
      excretion. These results provide biochemical evidence of Se depletion despite
      exogenous Se intake within the range recommended for healthy adults. Further
      studies are indicated to determine if Se depletion in burn patients can be
      prevented by Se supplementation of total parenteral nutrition and tube feeding
      solutions.

PMID- 6441014
TI  - Clinical effect of nonthrombotic total parenteral nutrition catheters.
AB  - Radiographic evidence of subclavian vein thrombosis has been shown to occur in
      33% of total parenteral nutrition patients. This incidence can be significantly
      reduced to 8% when heparin is administered concomitantly in total parenteral
      nutrition solutions. To evaluate the thrombotic risk of a newly developed
      polyurethane catheter, 20 concurrent patient pairs were prospectively cannulated
      with either a standard polyethylene catheter plus heparin or a polyurethane
      catheter without heparin in a sequential statistical study. Radionuclide
      venograms (Tc99m) were performed within 72 hr of catheterization, at biweeky
      intervals, and at termination of total parenteral nutrition administration. No
      patient in either group developed clinical (pain, arm swelling, collateral veins)
      or venogram evidence of thrombosis after catheterization during an overall
      cannulation period of 820 days. Use of polyurethane catheters and elimination of
      heparin in total parenteral solutions may be particularly important since
      contraindications to heparin use are common. Additionally, heparin elimination
      can decrease admixture work and confusion (ie, subcutaneous heparin double
      dosing) without increasing the risk of subclavian vein thrombosis.

PMID- 6441015
TI  - Periodic reassessment for improved, cost-effective care in home total parenteral
      nutrition: a case report.
AB  - Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients need periodic reassessment for
      compliance, appropriateness of parenteral formulation, infusion regimen, bowel
      adaptation, and effective oral nutrient intake. Additionally, new technological
      advances need to be considered for potential use in the home parenteral nutrition
      population. Since costs for home parenteral nutrition therapy are substantial,
      cost-effective options should be exercised whenever reasonable. The following
      case illustrates our approach to the reassessment process, subsequent
      modifications, and resultant impact on the lifestyle, adequacy, and cost of home
      parenteral nutrition therapy.

PMID- 6441016
TI  - Cardiac tamponade caused by pulmonary artery perforation after central venous
      catheterization.
AB  - We report a case of pulmonary artery perforation with resultant cardiac tamponade
      after central venous catheterization and review six previously reported cases.
      Tamponade may be an acute or late complication and is usually associated with the
      effusion of intravenous fluid into the pericardium. Three cases actually occurred
      after catheterization through the "safer" peripheral venous access route (basilic
      vein). The diagnosis of perforation and tamponade as well as the treatment can be
      accomplished using the catheter. Recognition and appropriate treatment of this
      rare complication may avoid significant morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6441017
TI  - Feeding tube-induced pneumothorax.
AB  - A case of accidental bronchial perforation by the metal stylet of a silastic
      feeding tube is reported. The misplacement of the feeding tube resulted in a
      pneumothorax. This is a previously unreported complication of enteral feeding in
      adults. Pulmonary complications of enteral feeding and recommendations for
      prevention of these complications are discussed.

PMID- 6441018
TI  - Carnitine balance and effects of intravenous L-carnitine in two patients
      receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Two patients requiring total parenteral nutrition for 34 and 39 months, had
      plasma and urinary carnitine assays and plasma lipid assays performed before and
      during intravenous administration of 400 mg (2500 mumol) of L-carnitine for 7
      days, followed by 40 mg (240 mumol) daily continuously. One patient had
      generalized lethargy and weakness which resolved within the first 5 days of
      carnitine administration. The plasma-free carnitine levels in this patient rose
      significantly. The other patient was asymptomatic and while there was no
      significant change in the plasma-free carnitine levels during carnitine
      administration, this patient remained in positive carnitine balance throughout
      the study. There were no significant changes in plasma lipid levels in either
      patient. In adult patients requiring long-term total parenteral nutrition who are
      otherwise normal, intravenous L-carnitine may be required to supplement the
      patients endogenous carnitine production.

PMID- 6441019
TI  - The use of the World Health Organization's oral rehydration solution in patients
      on home parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Patients on home parenteral nutrition who have continuing excess fluid and
      electrolyte loss from the bowel can have difficulty in managing their fluid and
      electrolyte state because of the variability of such losses. Recently we have
      used the World Health Organization's oral rehydration solution to replace such
      losses in two patients with good effect.

PMID- 6441020
TI  - Metabolic bone disease in a patient on long-term total parenteral nutrition: a
      case report with review of literature.
AB  - A 38-yr-old woman with Crohn's disease and short bowel on home total parenteral
      nutrition was studied. Metabolic bone assessments were done prospectively. Daily
      total parenteral nutrition included 500 IU vitamin D2, 6 to 8 mmol calcium, 10 to
      15 mmol phosphorus, 12 to 16 mmol magnesium, and trace elements including zinc,
      cooper, and chromium. After 6 months, while asymptomatic, chemistries and x-rays
      were normal. Calcium bone index was 0.79. The bone biopsy showed mild
      hyperkinetic picture. At 26 months, she had a spontaneous rib fracture and bone
      pains in the hands and lower back. Chemistries were normal except that calcium
      bone index was 0.75. Bone biopsy showed mild osteomalacia. Vitamin D2 was
      withdrawn for 2 months and then restarted at 1000 IU/wk. She improved
      symptomatically for 4 months, but then developed rib fractures, and the bone
      pains recurred. After 48 months, chemistries were normal, except that the calcium
      bone index was 0.57 and bone biopsy showed regression of osteomalacia toward
      normal. Vitamin D2 was now withdrawn for 6 months, resulting in loss of bone
      pain. Vitamin D2 may produce a metabolic bone disease, requiring prolonged
      withdrawal for improvement.

PMID- 6441021
TI  - T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL).

PMID- 6441022
TI  - An open study of tioconazole 1% dermal cream in patients with pityriasis
      versicolor.

PMID- 6441023
TI  - Peak expiratory flow rate in healthy Pakistani adults.

PMID- 6441024
TI  - Experience in childhood mortality.

PMID- 6441025
TI  - Management of foreign bodies in the larynx and tracheobronchial tree of children.

PMID- 6441026
TI  - The technique of catheterization.

PMID- 6441027
TI  - Liver scintiscan in Budd Chiari syndrome.

PMID- 6441028
TI  - [The use of an automatic ventilatory volume controller for the regulation of end
      tidal CO2].

PMID- 6441029
TI  - [Specificities of anti-platelet antibodies in childhood idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 6441030
TI  - [Three cases of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with inadequate
      response to prednisolone. Successful splenectomy after a high-dose intravenous
      administration of immunoglobulin].

PMID- 6441031
TI  - [A case of multiple myeloma with double M-protein peaks for IgG-kappa and IgA
      kappa].

PMID- 6441032
TI  - [Pharmacological mechanism of modern diuretics. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors].

PMID- 6441033
TI  - [Intestinal ion transport and diuretics].

PMID- 6441034
TI  - [Clinical application of diuretics: acute kidney failure].

PMID- 6441035
TI  - [Water diuretics].

PMID- 6441036
TI  - Clinical experience with the 22-MeV microtron at the National Cancer Center
      Hospital.
AB  - Experience with the 22-MeV microtron is presented. The maintenance and ease of
      operability of the system are satisfactory. The physical characteristics showed
      many clinical advantages. Fundamental measurement of dose distribution and depth
      dose curves were performed and clinically applied. The two-gantry system is very
      satisfactory and effective for irradiation by photons and electrons to treat many
      patients per day. The facility for intraoperative radiotherapy and the physical
      conditions for total body irradiation are also sufficient because of the well
      designed building layout and the systematized facility with the microtron system.

PMID- 6441037
TI  - Hemorrhagic cystitis after conditioning for bone marrow transplantation and its
      prophylaxis.
AB  - The situation regarding hemorrhagic cystitis after conditioning for bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT) in Japan was surveyed and analyzed. Thirty-seven of 110
      patients (33.6%) developed hemorrhagic cystitis after conditioning for BMT with
      cyclophosphamide (CY) and total body irradiation. In two of these 37 patients the
      cystitis was virus (adenovirus)-induced. In the others it was diagnosed as CY
      induced. The severity and duration of CY-induced hemorrhagic cystitis were
      related to its onset. The delayed type of hemorrhagic cystitis induced by CY
      seemed to have a poor prognosis and often continued until the patient died.
      Therefore, late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis should be followed carefully and its
      prophylaxis may be important. 2-Mercaptoethane sulphonate (mesna) injections for
      prophylaxis of CY-induced hemorrhagic cystitis were found to be effective in
      reducing the incidence of the delayed type in 21 (53.8%) of 39 patients treated,
      but did not reduce the total incidence of CY-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

PMID- 6441038
TI  - [Development and application of blood gas monitoring technology].

PMID- 6441039
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological study of post-transfusion hepatitis].

PMID- 6441040
TI  - [A case of familial extra small chromosomes].

PMID- 6441041
TI  - [Radiographic evaluation of neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6441042
TI  - [The evaluation of postangiographic administration of antibiotics and two methods
      of sterilization of catheters].

PMID- 6441043
TI  - [Crohn's disease with follow-up study by a double contrast imaging of the small
      intestine using an elemental diet tube. Report of a case].

PMID- 6441044
TI  - [Treatment of pemphigus with steroids, with special reference to withdrawal of
      steroids].

PMID- 6441045
TI  - [Action spectra and morphological changes of L-929 cells in phototoxic reactions
      by photosensitizers].

PMID- 6441046
TI  - Effects of cellular Ca2+ depletion on phospholipid turnover and glycogen
      phosphorylase a in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The influences of changes in cellular Ca2+ level on membrane phospholipid
      turnover and cellular function (monitored by glycogen phosphorylase a activity)
      were investigated in vasopressin- and ionophore A23187-stimulated rat
      hepatocytes. Addition of vasopressin or A23187 to rat hepatocytes in the presence
      of extracellular Ca2+ enhanced the phosphorylase a activity by 3 to 4-fold within
      1 min, returning to initial activity with further incubation. There was the
      marked generation of 1,2-diacylglycerol resulted from phospholipase C activation,
      which followed the transient activation of phosphorylase a. When the
      incorporation of [32P]phosphate into phospholipids was examined,
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) labeling due to vasopressin-stimulation remained rather
      unchanged up to 5 min but then rose gradually. On the other hand, A23187 had
      little effect on the incorporation into phosphatidylinositol although marked
      phosphatidic acid (PA) labeling was consequently produced, showing inhibitory
      effect on the conversion of PA to PI. Deprivation of extracellular Ca2+, which
      also reduced slightly the intracellular Ca2+ from 3.33 micrograms to 1.38
      micrograms/10(7) cells, suppressed but not abolished stimuli-induced
      phosphorylase a activation without affecting the enhancement of phospholipid
      metabolism. Hepatocytes depleted of intracellular Ca2+ (0.50 microgram/10(7)
      cells) no longer showed both phosphorylase a activation and the enhancement of
      phospholipid metabolism. These findings seem to indicate that phosphorylase a
      activity is more sensitive than membrane phospholipid turnover to changes of
      intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The results demonstrate that marked and
      selective changes in membrane phospholipids depending on the type of stimulants
      occur upon stimulation of hepatocytes and provide the possibility that these
      reactions do not trigger glycogen phosphorylase a activation through Ca2+
      mobilization.

PMID- 6441047
TI  - [A case of sporadic acute non A, non B hepatitis, with acute renal failure].

PMID- 6441048
TI  - [Effects of carbohydrate intake on phenobarbital-, polychlorinated biphenyl- and
      3-methylcholanthrene-induced enhancement of drug oxidation and conjugation in rat
      liver].

PMID- 6441049
TI  - Membrane stabilizing action of NCO-650 and its congeners.
AB  - NCO-650 and its congeners and two other antiallergics, disodium cromoglycate and
      tranilast, were studied to determine the degree of protection of rat erythrocytes
      against hypotonic hemolysis, the reduction of the surface tension of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayer and the depression of the phase
      transition temperature of DPPC liposome bilayers. NCO-650 was found to show the
      greatest hemolysis protection, reduction of the surface tension and depression of
      the phase-transition temperature, indicating that it possesses a significant
      affinity to cell membranes and a significant ability to stabilize cell membranes.
      Disodium cromoglycate and tranilast showed neither cell membrane affinity nor
      hemolysis protection, although they inhibit histamine release from mast cells
      like NCO-650 and its congeners. The significant membrane stabilizing action of
      NCO-650 must be related, at least in part, to its extraordinarily high lipid
      solubility.

PMID- 6441050
TI  - Effect of endogenous prostaglandin E on the vasoconstrictor response to
      noradrenaline.
AB  - The effect of the endogenous prostaglandin E (PGE) level in the vascular wall on
      the vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline (NA) was examined using the
      perfused central artery of an isolated rabbit ear. The endogenous PGE level in
      the ear artery was estimated from that in the venous perfusate, which was
      measured by radioimmunoassay. Pretreatment with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor, was followed by a significant decrease in the PGE level and a
      significant increase in the vasoconstrictor response to exogenous NA. In
      addition, there was a significant correlation between the response to NA and the
      PGE level in the venous perfusate in combination with the results during
      perfusion of indomethacin and of PGE1 plus indomethacin, although the former did
      not correlate with the latter under the basal conditions alone. From these
      results, it seems possible to draw the conclusion that as far as vasoconstrictor
      responsiveness is concerned, there is some antagonism between NA and endogenous
      and/or exogenous PGE in the rabbit ear artery.

PMID- 6441051
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced gastric acid secretion in aging rats.

PMID- 6441052
TI  - Immunoglobulin compositions of the feline body fluids.

PMID- 6441053
TI  - The effects of prey bacterial density and temperature on the growth of Colpoda
      inflata and its feeding on porcine fecal bacteria.

PMID- 6441054
TI  - Occurrence of ovine scrapie in Japan: clinical and histological findings in mice
      inoculated with brain homogenates of an affected sheep.

PMID- 6441056
TI  - [Studies on smear positive and culture negative tubercle bacilli].

PMID- 6441057
TI  - [Management of the patients positive for tubercle bacilli after admission to a
      university hospital which has no tuberculosis ward].

PMID- 6441055
TI  - [Clinical observation on the background factors of 11 cases with miliary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6441058
TI  - [A comparison of PZA and EB in short course chemotherapy. Report of the 22nd
      series of controlled trial of chemotherapy].

PMID- 6441059
TI  - [The present status of pneumoconiosis in Japan and the results of chemotherapy of
      silico-tuberculosis].

PMID- 6441060
TI  - [Use of nitroglycerin in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarct].
AB  - The effect of the intravenous administration of nitroglycerin on the general
      course of myocardial infarction as well as on such syndromes as acute left
      ventricular insufficiency, progressive congestive cardiac failure and the
      recurring painful syndrome was studied. The assessment of the effect of the drug
      was carried out in relation to its capacity to limit the extension of myocardial
      infarction and regulate the blood supply to the organs. The data on the frequency
      and nature of side-effects following nitroglycerin administration are presented.
      The conclusion is drawn as to the advisability of the drug employment in patients
      in the acute period of myocardial infarction when it is indicated as well as on
      the necessity of predicting adverse hemodynamic response to nitroglycerin with
      the help of suggested diagnostic tests.

PMID- 6441061
TI  - [Lipids and apoproteins A1 and B in patients with ischemic heart disease with
      stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and the abdominal aorta].
AB  - Thirty-three patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and angiographically
      documented coronary atherosclerosis were studied for the levels of lipids and
      apolipoproteins B and A1 (apo-B and apo-A1) in the blood plasma and apo-A1 in the
      preparations of two major subclasses of high density lipoproteins (HDLP)-HDLP2
      and HDLP3. It was established that the apo-B/apo-A1 ratio was statistically
      higher in the group of CHD patients with clinical signs of atherosclerotic damage
      to the abdominal portion of the aorta and its branches than in CHD patients
      without clinical manifestations of disseminated atherosclerosis of the abdominal
      portion of the aorta and its major branches. This parameter may indicate the
      presence of a more severe atherosclerotic damage in CHD patients. Moreover, the
      CHD patients with a more extensive atherosclerotic damage displayed a decrease in
      the cholesterol load of HDLP3 particles in relation to the weight unit of apo-A1
      and also in the amount of apo-A1 in HDLP2 which is suggestive of a weakening of
      the cholesterol-acceptor properties of HDLP3 and an impairment of their
      transformation into larger HDLP2 particles which transport cholesterol to the
      liver.

PMID- 6441062
TI  - [Serum apolipoproteins A-1 and B in young males with a history of myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - The content of the protein-lipid components of lipoproteins of individual classes
      was studied in 87 coronary heart disease patients surviving myocardial infarction
      under 40 years of age. All the patients lived in Sverdlovsk. The control group
      was made up of 49 age-matched males without any symptoms of CHD. CHD patients
      aged 30-39 years showed a number of differences as compared to healthy men; these
      included elevated plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol as well as an increase in the apoprotein B levels and the
      apo-B/apo-A1 ratio. In a group of CHD patients aged 20-29 years enhanced plasma
      concentrations of apo-B and an increase in the apo-B/apo-A1 ratio, the latter
      approaching 1 were the only change in the lipoprotein system as against control.

PMID- 6441063
TI  - [Intracellular concentration of free calcium in thrombocytes: its characteristics
      in spontaneous hypertension].
AB  - Using the fluorescent Ca-dependent dye quin-2 the authors measured the
      concentrations of free calcium in the platelet cytoplasm of rats with spontaneous
      hypertension (SHR) and in normotensive rats (NKWR) serving as control. There were
      no differences in the baseline levels of free Ca2+ between the platelets of the
      SHR and NKWR rats. When the cells were loaded with quin-2 in a calcium-free
      medium and transferred into a medium containing 1 mM of CaCl2, the concentration
      of Ca2+ in the platelets of the SHR rats became higher. An increase in the
      content of intracellular Ca2+ induced by thrombin administration was 70% higher
      in the platelets of the SHR rats as compared with the NKWR rats. The findings
      obtained suggest that the insufficiency of the Ca-transporting systems of the
      cellular membranes in primary hypertension described earlier is attended with
      disturbances in the regulation of the levels of cytoplasm free calcium.

PMID- 6441064
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment of chronic heart failure with peripheral vasodilators].

PMID- 6441065
TI  - [Clinical experience with the use of nitroglycerin in the acute period of
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - The authors summarize the results of treating 1284 patients with macrofocal acute
      myocardial infarction. In 1097 of these patients the treatment consisted of the
      intravenous administration of the alcohol solution of nitroglycerin. The control
      group was comprised of 184 patients whose treatment scheme included no
      nitroglycerin. The group of nitroglycerin-treated patients showed a decrease in
      the mortality rate as compared to control, 18.1% and 24.1%, respectively. The
      drug studied was also found to have an anti-arrhythmic effect. The most optimal
      timing of nitroglycerin use to limit the area of myocardial ischemia is the first
      six hours of infarction, later on in the presence of heart failure it is
      advisable to use this drug in combination with cardiac glycosides. There were
      practically no complications following the intravenous administration of
      nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6441066
TI  - [Use of nitroglycerin during the training of patients with exertion angina].

PMID- 6441067
TI  - Circulating and mesangial secretory component-binding IgA-1 in primary IgA
      nephropathy.
AB  - In a prospective study of 38 patients who presented with hematuria of renal
      origin, 15 patients were found to have primary IgA nephropathy and 23 had other
      renal disorders. Sera and renal biopsy specimens of these patients were studied
      for the presence of macromolecular IgA1 and IgA2 using monoclonal antibodies, and
      the presence of J-chain as demonstrated either by immunofluorescence or its
      capacity to bind free secretory component. Circulating macromolecular IgA was
      found exclusively in the sera of patients (80%) with primary IgA nephropathy. In
      these sera the polymer/monomer ratio for IgA1 (0.64 +/- 0.13) was significantly
      higher than for normal human serum (0.39 +/- 0.01) (P less than 0.001), while no
      differences were found for IgA2. The polymeric IgA1 was isolated from serum by
      gel chromatography and was shown to have the capacity to bind free secretory
      component. Direct two-color immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of
      only IgA1 in the mesangial deposits and also its capacity to bind free secretory
      component. We conclude (1) that demonstration of circulating macromolecular IgA
      in patients with renal hematuria is of diagnostic value and (2) that antigenetic
      similarities between the circulating and the mesangial macromolecular IgA suggest
      that dimeric IgA1 is deposited in the mesangium of patients with primary IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 6441068
TI  - [Prolonged parenteral feeding of a patient following subtotal resection of the
      small intestine].

PMID- 6441070
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic basis for using carbon dioxide lasers in dermoplasty].

PMID- 6441069
TI  - [Enterococcus as one of the agents of suppurative wound processes (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 6441071
TI  - [Use of highly concentrated glucose solutions in the conduct of parenteral
      feeding].

PMID- 6441072
TI  - [Experience with diamicron treatment of diabetics].

PMID- 6441073
TI  - [Changes in the surgical service].

PMID- 6441074
TI  - [Flexible work time--part time in the OR].

PMID- 6441075
TI  - [Organizational aids for the "economic" use of work tools in the OR].

PMID- 6441076
TI  - [Professional policy aspects of nursing activities in endoscopy].

PMID- 6441077
TI  - [The profession of nursing--field of work surgical service].

PMID- 6441078
TI  - [Documentation and administration in endoscopy].

PMID- 6441079
TI  - [Inservice training for nursing personnel in the surgical service].

PMID- 6441080
TI  - [Inservice training--possibilities, planning, organization, realization].

PMID- 6441081
TI  - [Expectant attitude of students--better cooperation between school of nursing and
      ward].

PMID- 6441082
TI  - [Thoughts on the worth and worthlessness of nursing].

PMID- 6441083
TI  - [Islam--the religion, its laws and its effects on behavior, the experience and
      the needs of believing Muslims in the hospital. 1].

PMID- 6441084
TI  - [Yoga--a way towards self-help].

PMID- 6441085
TI  - [Video screen work place--a commonplace work place? Bad news from Canada].

PMID- 6441086
TI  - Effects of anesthetics and foster mother experience on survival rate of cesarean
      derived, foster suckled rat pups.
AB  - Pregnant rats were anesthetized with carbon dioxide or a ketamine/xylazine
      combination prior to euthanasia and cesarean section. Another group of pregnant
      rats was allowed to deliver their litters normally. Litters from all groups were
      placed with experienced or inexperienced foster mothers. There did not appear to
      be any significant difference in survival rates of pups fostered to experienced
      mothers when comparing the three groups. Survival rates for pups fostered to
      inexperienced mothers were lower than those for pups fostered to experienced
      mothers.

PMID- 6441087
TI  - Alterations in the molecular weight distribution of proteins in rat brain
      synaptosomes during aging and centrophenoxine treatment of old rats.
AB  - Properly prepared membrane proteins of brain synaptosomes of 2-, 12- and 24-month
      old CFY female rats were filtrated on a Sepharose 2B gel. The molecular weight
      distribution showed an age-dependence: there was a clear shift toward the higher
      molecular weights in the adult and old rats. The observed alterations reflect an
      increased cross-linking of the proteins during aging due most probably to the OH
      free radical damage of the cell components. Centrophenoxine treatment for 2
      months reversed this phenomenon in the old animals: the high molecular weight
      fractions decreased and the lower ones increased in the treated animals as
      compared to the old, untreated rats. The results support the membrane hypothesis
      of aging and contribute to a better understanding of the biological effects of
      centrophenoxine.

PMID- 6441088
TI  - [Cost-benefit analysis of a program for vaccination against hepatitis B in health
      personnel of a hospital].

PMID- 6441089
TI  - [Protein C: a priority factor to be determined in recurrent venous thrombosis].

PMID- 6441090
TI  - [Diabetic ketoacidosis as a presenting form of hemochromatosis].

PMID- 6441091
TI  - [Evaluation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid axis in type 1 diabetes
      mellitus before and after treatment with insulin].

PMID- 6441092
TI  - The use of the CO2 laser in otolaryngology: ten years of experience.
AB  - Accessory instruments have been developed consisting of retractors, the axial
      adapter, the slip-on adapter for the laryngoscope and the lynch suspension
      apparatus, the upper-hand abdominal retractor modified, and chain for
      neurological sponges, and mirrors. The initial bronchoscopic coupler was used
      until a manufactured one was obtained from Cavitron. In addition to the cases
      shown in the table, the laser has been used in conjunction with the Department of
      Ophthalmology, the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of
      Gynecology. The advantages to laser surgery are stated.

PMID- 6441093
TI  - Treatment of dental decay by CO2 laser beam: preliminary results.
AB  - Results obtained from two clinical cases, representative of 1,140 human teeth
      treated by CO2 laser beam during 3 years, announce a new conception of treatment
      of dental caries. The beam (P = 4 - 5 W, energy density of 9 to 25 kw/cm2) causes
      a dentin healing which becomes sterile, chemically and physically more resistant
      than pathological dentin. In addition, this exposure leads to an activation of
      the dentinogenesis supported by X-ray, confirming histo-pathological results
      obtained from experiments performed on animals.

PMID- 6441094
TI  - Initial international use of APACHE. An acute severity of disease measure.
AB  - We need objective and reliable ways of measuring the severity of disease of
      hospitalized patients. This paper demonstrates the international predictive
      accuracy of a severity of disease measure on 1504 consecutive, unscheduled
      intensive care admissions to 14 hospitals in the United States, France, Spain,
      and Finland. Using laboratory data gathered within 24 hours of ICU admission, the
      Acute Physiology Score of APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation)
      was a strong and stable predictor of hospital survival and concurrent therapeutic
      effort. In ordinary least squares and logistic multiple regression analysis, the
      impact of the Acute Physiology Score (APS) was highly significant (p less than
      0.001) and of virtually identical magnitude in the United States and European
      hospitals. The use of this severity of disease measure should help researchers
      gain insights concerning the efficacy of medical services and the characteristics
      of physician decision making by permitting more precise prognostic stratification
      of severely ill patients.

PMID- 6441095
TI  - Repeated syncope with negative diagnostic evaluation. To pace or not to pace?

PMID- 6441096
TI  - Intraocular hemorrhage in a patient with hemophilia.
AB  - A 24-year-old man with severe classic hemophilia (factor VIII level less than 1%)
      had blunt trauma to his left eye that produced total hyphema with elevated
      intraocular pressure. Despite attaining sufficient hemostasis with factor VIII
      replacement, the anterior chamber remained completely filled with blood, which
      led to corneal blood-staining. Total hyphema was removed under management of
      replacement treatment. This consisted of sufficient cryoprecipitates to increase
      the calculated factor VIII level to 100%. For the 7-day post-operative period,
      the factor VIII level was above 15%. His surgical and post-operative course was
      uneventful. Blood-staining of the cornea was gradually reduced. Five months after
      surgery, he spontaneously had moderate hyphema with elevation of intraocular
      pressure. The blood in the anterior chamber was absorbed with replacement
      therapy. Though the visual acuity has improved, the fundus cannot be observed due
      to the vitreous opacity.

PMID- 6441097
TI  - [Seroanthropological studies of albino and melanoderm Bamileke populations
      (Cameroon). ABO and Rhesus erythrocyte groups, hemoglobin S and taste sensitivity
      to phenylthiocarbamide].
AB  - Human oculocutaneous albinism is a recessive autosomic hereditary disease with a
      prevalence of 1/8,500 in bamileke tribe (Cameroon). ABO and Rhesus red blood cell
      group repartition, presence of hemoglobin S, taste sensitivity for
      phenylthiocarbamid in a group of 100 albino bamileke subjects were compared with
      these of 100 black bamileke subjects. There is no significant difference for
      these genetic markers mentionned above between albino and black bamileke
      subjects.

PMID- 6441098
TI  - High frequency FP2 donor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO.
AB  - After NG mutagenesis an FP2 donor was isolated which exhibited an enhanced
      conjugational capacity for chromosomal genes. The recombination frequency was
      increased by two orders of magnitude as compared to the parental strain. In plate
      matings recombinants arose at a frequency up to 5 X 10(-1) per donor cell. Late
      markers also recombined efficiently. An Hfr state of the donor strain was
      supported by (i) the high recombination frequency, (ii) the incompatibility
      reaction with plasmid pRO271 (= FP2::Tn401) and (iii) the clearcut transfer
      kinetics in interrupted matings, even for a late marker.

PMID- 6441099
TI  - Mapping of cysteine genes on the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO.
AB  - Three loci coding for different steps in the pathway of cysteine biosynthesis
      have been mapped by R68.45-mediated coconjugation analysis. The cysteine
      auxotrophic mutants could be subdivided into sulfite and sulfide-requiring
      mutants. Sulfide-requiring mutants (cysIV group) were localized at a single
      position between pyrF and pur-67, while sulfite-requiring mutants (cysI and
      cysII) mapped at two different regions. The cysI group was also localized between
      pyrF and pur-67, although more distal to pyrF than the cysIV group. This group
      included the cys-54 marker, which has been mapped previously. The second group of
      sulfite-requiring mutants, designated as cysII, was cotransducible with hisI and
      localized at the end of the PAO chromosomal map. This location was also confirmed
      for the marker cys-59. The marker cys-59 (which was cotransducible with hisI) was
      cotransferred by R68.45-mediated conjugations with both the late marker pur-67
      and the early marker ilv-226. As the late marker hisI was positioned at about 60
      65 min (Herrmann and Gunther, in press) the length of the PAO chromosome was
      estimated to be about 70 min.

PMID- 6441100
TI  - A molecular model for conjugational recombination in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Conjugational recombination in Escherichia coli was investigated by measuring
      lacZ+ product, beta-galactosidase, in crosses between lacZ mutants. Enzyme
      production in both Hfr and F-prime crosses was detected very soon after transfer
      of the donor lacZ allele. The level of enzyme activity was reduced by no more
      than two-fold when the recipient carried a recB mutation. With an F-prime donor,
      recombination appeared to be restricted largely to a short period immediately
      after transfer, with little evidence of recombination during subsequent
      exponential growth of the transconjugant cells. These observations are
      interpreted to suggest that recA dependent recombination is able to initiate with
      high efficiency at gaps present in the donor DNA before synthesis of a
      complementary strand is completed, and independently of recB function. A
      molecular model for conjugational recombination based on this idea is presented
      in terms of the known activities of recA and recBC products. Some of the
      predictions of the model are tested by analysing the recombinant genotypes
      produced in Hfr crosses with multiply marked strains.

PMID- 6441101
TI  - Expression of heat shock-beta-galactosidase hybrid genes in cultured Drosophila
      cells.
AB  - Derivatives of Drosophila 70,000 dalton heat shock protein (hsp70) genes were
      constructed in which all of the hsp70 coding sequence but for the first seven
      codons had been substituted by a DNA segment coding for E. coli beta
      galactosidase. The constructs were capable of directing the synthesis of active
      beta-galactosidase in COS1 (SV40 transformed African Green Monkey Kidney) cells.
      The hybrid genes were then used to develop a procedure permitting the
      introduction of genes and their transient expression in cultured cells of
      Drosophila melanogaster. Introduction of hybrid genes was achieved by DEAE
      dextran-mediated transfection. Substantial gene activity was observed in heat
      treated cells only 4 h, maximal activity 24 h after transfection. Various
      parameters of the transfection/transient expression system including the effects
      of different 3'nontranslated sequences on hybrid gene expression were
      investigated in an attempt to provide a useful procedure for studies of the
      expression of other genes in D. melanogaster cells. To show that promoters which
      are weaker than that of the hsp70 gene direct the synthesis of easily measurable
      amounts of beta-galactosidase in D. melanogaster cells, the expression of a hsp84
      beta-galactosidase hybrid gene was also examined. Expression of the hsp70 hybrid
      gene occurs during heat shock, at temperatures at which other proteins are not
      made, and decreases sharply after heat treatment. The expression of the
      transfected gene therefore closely follows that of the endogenous hsp70 genes.
      This result suggests that a short hsp70 gene segment consisting of 195 base pairs
      of upstream sequence and a complete RNA leader region contain all the information
      required for the induced synthesis of proteins during heat shock.

PMID- 6441102
TI  - Anomalous expression of the E. coli lac operon in Proteus mirabilis. I. Effects
      of L8 and L8 UV5.
AB  - The lac operon shows anomalous expression in Proteus mirabilis: the maximal
      induced level is 10% or less of that in E. coli, while repression reduces this by
      a factor of only 2-5. We have sought to determine whether this effect relates in
      any way to CRP-mediated activation of expression, by comparing expression in P.
      mirabilis of lac operons (introduced for technical reasons on IncP1 plasmids)
      either regulatorily wild-type or bearing L8 or L8UV5. Derivatives of RP1 bearing
      L8UV5 were obtained by homogenotisation of pGC9114 (RP1::Tn951) in a L8UV5
      background; while derivatives of RP4 bearing lac+, L8 or L8UV5 were obtained by
      Mu-mediated translocation of chromosomal regions bearing these alleles, following
      partial heat-induction of Mucts62 on pGM14 (RP4::Mucts62) in the appropriate
      hosts. These plasmids could be readily transferred to, and stably maintained in,
      the P. mirabilis strains employed. It was found that L8 reduced the maximal level
      of beta-galactosidase activity, and L8UV5 restored this activity to around wild
      type, in P. mirabilis quantitatively very much as in E. coli. Nevertheless, the
      low maximal level of expression and high basal level characteristic of the former
      host were unchanged. The simplest explanation of these results is that P.
      mirabilis contains a protein that mimics the E. coli CRP protein in interacting
      with the appropriate DNA binding site and thereby stimulating transcription; and
      that the anomalous regulation of lac in this host is unconnected with the CRP
      system.

PMID- 6441103
TI  - Anomalous expression of the E. coli lac operon in Proteus mirabilis. II. Effects
      of lacI and lacP mutations.
AB  - The lac operon introduced into Proteus mirabilis shows two anomalies of
      expression: the maximal induced level is reduced by about an order of magnitude,
      and the basal level becomes about 100 times higher than in E. coli, as a result
      of which the induction ratio appears very small, around 2-5 in contrast to as
      much as 1000 in E. coli. It was suggested by Baumberg and Dennison (1975) that
      the two anomalies might be manifestations of a single effect whereby some
      exogenous promoters give poor expression in this host, since they could result
      from poor expression of the lacZYA and lacI promoters respectively. We show here
      that when the lacP class II promoter mutation L305 was transferred on an F-prime
      into P. mirabilis, its effect on lac expression was much as in E. coli. However,
      when Flac bearing the IQ1 up-promoter mutation was introduced into P. mirabilis,
      the basal level decreased by three orders of magnitude, in accord with poor
      expression of lacI+ being responsible for the usual low induction ratio. These
      results are consistent with the hypothesis of Baumberg and Dennison (1975) but do
      not prove it: poor expression of lacI and/or lacZYA could also result from weak
      translation initiation, problems of continuation of transcription or translation
      (e.g. due to pause sequences or differences in codon use), or diminished mRNA
      stability.

PMID- 6441104
TI  - Cytogenic mapping and isolation of mutations of the beta-Gal-1 locus of
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The structural gene beta-Gal-1 encoding a beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of
      Drosophila melanogaster has been mapped by two independent genetic approaches. In
      the first, gene dosage dependent variation in beta-galactosidase activity levels
      in segmental aneuploids, generated from crosses of Y-autosome translocation
      stocks, was determined quantitatively. A dosage sensitive region on the left arm
      of chromosome 2 was identified and mapped to region 26A7-9. In the second
      approach, two null activity variants were isolated from wild populations. It was
      shown by deletion analysis that these nulls map to the same region as that
      determined by the segmental aneuploidy method. The results of an EMS mutagenesis
      screen showed that, besides the beta-Gal-1 locus, there are four loci defined by
      recessive lethal mutations which map in the 26A7-9 region.

PMID- 6441105
TI  - Enhanced vesicular ingestion of nonenzymatically glucosylated proteins by
      capillary endothelium.
AB  - Isolated capillary endothelial cells exhibit an enhanced vesicular ingestion of
      nonenzymatically glucosylated myoglobin and ovalbumin. Proteins were incubated in
      the presence of glucose and the extent of nonenzymatic glucosylation was assessed
      using NaB3H4 reduction. Unmodified and glucosylated proteins were fluorescently
      labeled, and vesicular ingestion was quantified using a system of isolated
      capillary endothelium. Glucosylated myoglobin exhibited a 3.5-fold greater rate
      of vesicular injection as compared to unmodified myoglobin during the initial 30
      min of ingestion. Glucosylated ovalbumin was vesicularly ingested at a rate 15
      fold greater than the rate observed for unmodified ovalbumin during the initial
      30 min of ingestion. These results indicate that glucosylation of small proteins
      may alter their subsequent recognition by the endothelial cell plasma membrane
      and result in increased sequestration within micropinocytic vesicles.

PMID- 6441106
TI  - Properties of TAS-1D3, a tuberculin-active substance from BCG, in regard to
      delayed hypersensitivity.
AB  - The properties of TAS-1D3, a tuberculin-active substance purified from the cell
      extract of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, were studied in vivo and in vitro. In the
      delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction, TAS-1D3 showed far more potent activity
      than tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in guinea pigs sensitized with
      BCG vaccine. This was consistently observed from 6 to 24 weeks after
      sensitization. The histological findings of the skin reaction to TAS-1D3 were
      similar to those of the reaction to PPD. Moreover, TAS-1D3 induced well both
      thymidine incorporation and the production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
      by the spleen cells from guinea pigs sensitized with BCG vaccine. In contrast,
      TAS-1D3 showed weaker activity than PPD in guinea pigs sensitized with either
      heat-killed M. tuberculosis Aoyama B or heat-killed M. tuberculosis H37Ra, and it
      weakly stimulated the spleen cells from animals sensitized with M. tuberculosis
      Aoyama B to incorporate thymidine and to produce MIF.

PMID- 6441107
TI  - Electron microscopic studies on intracellular multiplication of Rickettsia
      tsutsugamushi in L cells.
AB  - The mechanism and kinetics of intracellular growth of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
      were investigated by electron microscopic observations, parallel with
      quantitative analysis by counting the rickettsiae seen in electron micrographs
      and by plaque assay for infectivity of the culture. The observations demonstrated
      the existence of electron-less dense and -dense types of rickettsiae in the early
      stage of infection, binary fission and the process of release of the
      microorganisms in the host cell cytoplasm and from the cell surface, formation of
      abnormally long rickettsiae, and the process of lysis of the host cell in the
      later stage of infection with vacuole formation between the inner and outer
      leaflets of the host cell nuclear membrane. Separate titrations of infectivity of
      the cells and the culture fluid showed a very slow increase in infectivity in the
      culture fluid compared with the intracellular titer, suggesting that the progeny
      rickettsiae stay in the cell or at the cell surface for a relatively long period.
      Doubling time of the rickettsia was found to be about 9 hr.

PMID- 6441108
TI  - Effect of glucose on the interaction of hydrophobic compounds with the alanine
      receptor field of Bacillus subtilis spores during initiation of germination.
AB  - Glucose interfered with the inhibitory action of hydrophobic compounds, such as n
      octanol, diphenylamine and 2-tert-butylphenol, during L-alanine-initiated
      germination of Bacillus subtilis spores. The action of glucose on the action of
      the hydrophobic compounds was not competitive, and the binding affinity of
      glucose was not essentially affected by the hydrophobic compounds, indicating the
      presence of separate binding sites for glucose and the hydrophobic compounds. The
      binding affinity of D-alanine, a competitive inhibitor of L-alanine, was not
      affected by the hydrophobic compounds, indicating separate binding sites for D
      alanine and the hydrophobic compounds. A possible arrangement of the binding
      sites for glucose and for the hydrophobic compounds in relation to those for L-
      and D-alanine on the spores is discussed.

PMID- 6441109
TI  - Correlation between two active forms of valyl-tRNA synthetase and aminoacylation
      levels of two valine isoaccepting tRNA species in the early stages of sporulation
      of Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 6441110
TI  - The improvement in renal function following EDTA chelation and multi-vitamin
      trace mineral therapy: a study in creatinine clearance.
AB  - One of the most commonly alleged contraindications to the use of (ethylene
      diamine tetraacetic acid) chelation therapy is possible renal damage. In this
      experiment, 13 subjects with chronic degenerative disorders and with renal damage
      were treated with infusions that included EDTA, vitamins, mineral and oral
      supplements. Following 20 infusions, creatinine clearance significantly improved.
      This report adds credence to the findings of those physicians who have noted that
      EDTA is a safe and major therapeutic modality in the treatment of chronic
      cardiovascular diseases. The patients reported in this experiment represent a
      small part of a much larger group of several hundred individuals undergoing a
      series of tests to determine the utility of EDTA therapy in subjects with
      occlusive vascular disorders.

PMID- 6441111
TI  - [Congenital heart diseases in the newborn infant. Critical review of our
      experiences in 208 cases. I. Prevention of case reports].

PMID- 6441112
TI  - [History of biliary surgery--the ancient, Renaissance and modern periods].

PMID- 6441113
TI  - [Structural characteristics of lysine-rich histone from the sperm of a mollusk
      Anodonta piscinalis].
AB  - Sperm of freshwater bivalve mollusk Anodonta piscinalis was found to contain two
      fractions of lysine-rich histone: somatic histone H1 and sperm-specific protamine
      like histone, named Hp. A detailed analysis of H1 and Hp structure was carried
      out by means of N-bromosuccinimide, chymotrypsin and pepsin cleavage followed by
      determination of the lysine residue number, positive charge and molecular length
      of obtained fragments by the method of incomplete succinylation. It has been
      shown, that Anodonta histone H1, like the avian histone H5, contains 3 tyrosine
      residues in the central hydrophobic domain of the molecule. Histone Hp contains 5
      tyrosine residues, 3 of which are localized in the hydrophobic domain, while the
      rest two--in the COOH-terminal part of the molecule, characterized by a strong
      positive charge. Such unusual disposition of tyrosine residues in the lysine-rich
      histone has been found for the first time. All the regions of histone Hp molecule
      contain a great number of arginine residues. The only phenylalanine residue is
      localised approximately in the middle of the polypeptide chain for both H1 and Hp
      molecules. On the basis of structure homology between histones H1 and Hp the
      origin of Hp from H1 in the course of evolution is proposed.

PMID- 6441114
TI  - [Effect of dehydration on the primary picosecond stages of charge separation in
      Rhodospirillum rubrum].
AB  - Effects of dehydration on the quantum yield of charge separation in the reaction
      centres, fluorescence and nanosecond recombination luminescence in R. rubrum
      chromatophores have been investigated. It has been shown that dehydration results
      in more than a 10 times decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis.
      Besides, photoinduced fluorescence changes practically disappear in dehydrated
      samples and the parameters of nanosecond luminescence substantially change. These
      observations indicate that strong dehydration causes a deterioration of the
      primary charge separation process at the early picosecond stages of excitation
      energy transduction into energy of separated charges. This is, probably, due to
      either changes in the dynamic characteristics of the reaction centre pigment
      protein complex or alteration in the structure state (spacings and mutual
      orientations) of the primary reactants involved in the primary charge separation.

PMID- 6441115
TI  - Studies on the interleukin-2 receptor, its generation and dynamics using
      monoclonal anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies.
AB  - There is increasing evidence suggesting that the monoclonal antibodies ART-18,
      AMT-13 and anti-Tac recognize species-specific antigenic determinants of the
      interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors of rat, mouse and human origin, respectively. In
      order to compare directly the molecules (glycoproteins) recognized by these
      antibodies, concanavalin A (ConA) activated T-lymphocytes of the respective
      species were surface labeled with 125I, after which the materials
      immunoprecipitated by the appropriate anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies were
      subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. The noncross-reacting antibodies ART-18 and AMT
      13 both precipitated a 50-55-kD molecule. The anti-Tac-reactive material (the
      putative human IL-2 receptor) is considerably different (60-65 kD) from those
      precipitated by antibodies ART-18 and AMT-13 (the putative rat and mouse IL-2
      receptors). An indirect binding assay using the anti-mouse IL-2 receptor antibody
      AMT-13 showed that, after addition of ConA to spleen cell cultures, T-lymphocytes
      expressed IL-2 receptors before the onset of the ConA-induced DNA synthesis. The
      ConA-induced expression of the IL-2 receptor is apparently a transient event. IL
      2 receptor bearing cells progressively lost their receptors (within 6 days) when
      recultured in the absence of ConA. Cells re-exposed to ConA regained IL-2
      receptors. Short exposure of T-cells (thymocytes) to ConA or the nonmitogenic
      compound phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is not sufficient to trigger IL-2
      receptor expression. Murine thymocytes incubated with PMA for 30 min or with ConA
      for 4 hr (mitogen-pulsed T-cells) failed to bind the anti-IL-2 receptor antibody
      AMT-13 and to absorb IL-2 activity present in semipurified IL-2 preparations, but
      they proliferated vigorously in response to the same IL-2 preparations. The IL-2
      preparations, when absorbed with thymocytes, lost: (1) the capacity to generate
      IL-2 receptors, and (2) the capacity to induce proliferation of mitogen-pulsed
      cells; but they retained the capacity to induce proliferation of T-lymphoblasts.
      These results suggest the existence of a factor, IL-2 receptor inducing factor
      (RIF), present in the IL-2 preparations. It is postulated that RIF is a
      prerequisite for the acquisition of IL-2 receptors and consequently for IL-2
      responsiveness by lectin-activated cells.

PMID- 6441116
TI  - Distribution and functional analysis of B-L/Ia-positive cells in the chicken:
      expression of B-L/Ia antigens on thyroid epithelial cells in spontaneous
      autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - The B-L region of the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the so
      called B-locus, corresponds to the murine H-2 I-region. Using alloantibodies and
      monoclonal antibodies to B-L we analyzed: (a) the tissue distribution of B-L+
      cells, (b) the function of B-L+ cells, and (c) the possible role of B-L+ cells in
      the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) in Obese strain (OS)
      chickens. The tissue distribution of B-L+ cells in peripheral blood and various
      lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs corresponds to what is known for mammals. In the
      bursa of Fabricius most lymphoid cells and the dendritic cells carry the B-L
      antigen; B-L+ thymic nurse cells (TNC) first appear on day 17 of embryonic life;
      chickens possess dendritic B-L+ cells in the skin resembling mammalian Langerhans
      cells; in addition we found that the microglia is unequivocally B-L+. B-L+
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were separated with a fluorescence-activated
      cell sorter. Ten percent of unstimulated PBL and 60% of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
      stimulated T-cell blasts are B-L+. In graft-vs-host (GvH) assays B-L- cells were
      identified as the effector cells. These cells respond to PHA and concanavalin A
      (Con A), but not to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). B-L+ cells cannot be stimulated by
      Con A and PHA, but respond to PWM. They possess only a very low activity in GvH
      assays which can be inhibited by anti-T-cell sera. In OS chickens B-L+/non-B/,
      non-T and B-L+ T (blasts?) cells are found in the "first line" of mononuclear
      cell infiltration in the thyroid glands. Most interesting, thyroid epithelial
      cells--which are normally B-L- -become B-L+ in the neighbourhood of B-L+
      infiltrating mononuclear cells. This observation may be of significance for
      autoantigen presentation and perpetuation in autoimmune thyroiditis. Finally, OS
      thymuses contain significantly less TNC than normal controls.

PMID- 6441117
TI  - [Current evaluation of diphtheria].
AB  - Between 1973-1983 there were 103 scattered cases of diphtheria in the FRG. The
      mortality rate was 22%. The question remains open, whether there are juts
      sporadic cases or the beginning of a new epidemic. During the past 200 years
      diphtheria occurred in waves with a peak every 30 years. Diagnostically we should
      be on the alert, and start special treatment already with the clinical diagnosis.
      For a start hyperimmunoglobulin should neutralize still circulating equine toxins
      which are no longer caught once they are within cells e.g. heart muscle. Only
      after this, antibiotics should be considered as an addition to kill toxin
      producing bacteria. Antibiotics alone do not prevent the sometimes lethal action
      of toxins. For the bacteriologic proof of the diagnosis not only the coryne
      bacteria have to show but the toxin production as well. The transformation of non
      toxin-producing into toxin-producing coryne-bacteria following an infection with
      bacteriophages has been observed recently in children during an epidemic.

PMID- 6441118
TI  - Neurophysiological data regarding motor pattern generation in the medulla
      oblongata of toads.

PMID- 6441119
TI  - Ultrastructural observation on the bacterial capsule of Bacillus anthracis seen
      in the spleen of a diseased cow.
AB  - The bacterial capsule of Bacillus anthracis seen in the spleen of a cow which had
      died of anthrax was studied electron microscopically. It was visible around
      bacteria which had been fixed in a ruthenium red-containing fixative. It was
      composed of electron-dense spikes and extended outwards from the bacterial
      surface. It was not found around bacteria which had been treated with a fixative
      devoid of ruthenium red. Bacteria were seen scattered among blood cells. They
      were not phagocytized by neutrophils or macrophages.

PMID- 6441120
TI  - [Use of valproic acid in pregnancy: an indication for prenatal diagnosis of spina
      bifida].

PMID- 6441121
TI  - [Use of valproic acid by pregnant women with epilepsy and the risk of congenital
      abnormalities in the child].

PMID- 6441122
TI  - [Hantavirus infections in the Netherlands].

PMID- 6441123
TI  - [New visual area on the inferior wall of the cruciate sulcus of the cat brain].
AB  - Properties of 187 neurons were studied in the lower bank of that part of cruciate
      sulcus where electrical stimulation evoked conjugate unidirectional oculomotor
      saccades. 172 neurons responded to visual stimulation. Neurons in the superficial
      cortical layers responded to conventional stimuli: light and dark spots or slits
      stationary or moving with the speed up to 30 degrees/s. These neurons had no
      orientational selectivity but sometimes showed directional selectivity. In the
      intermediate layers maximal responses were obtained when a flittering bird was
      presented to the cat; no responses were observed to conventional stimulation.
      Main feature of many neurons in the deep layers was selectivity to the motion in
      the depth in some parts of the visual field. This selectivity was invariant to
      the direction of contrast between stimulus and background. Visual responses in
      all layers were seen only in the state of arousal (during desynchronization in
      EEG) and were absent in the state of quiet wakefulness. All studied neurons
      showed no responses to acoustic or somatic stimulation. Neurons in the medial
      wall of the brain under the cruciate sulcus did not respond to visual stimulation
      but responded in correlation with definite eye movements. It is suggested that in
      this part of the brain two retinotopically organized areas are present one of
      which is connected with visual function and another with eye movements.

PMID- 6441124
TI  - Enzymes of purine metabolism and membrane phenotype in malignant cells of some
      leukemia patients.
AB  - Lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia have been characterized by the activity of
      two enzymes involved in purine metabolism--adenosine deaminase and purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase and by the analysis of surface marker expression. The
      data obtained suggest that the activity of enzymes of purine metabolism can be
      used as a complementary diagnostic marker to conventional cell surface
      characteristics for the classification of lymphoproliferative diseases,
      especially in the case of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The changes of the
      purine pathway enzymes may prove to be useful also as therapeutic determinants in
      hemopoietic neoplasia, particularly in the lymphoid malignancies.

PMID- 6441125
TI  - [Developmental trends in neuroimmunology. 1: Principles, immuno-components,
      immunogenetics, contributions of virology].

PMID- 6441126
TI  - [Value and limitations of the use of CO2 laser in neurosurgery. Reflexions from a
      French experience].
AB  - The authors have been using routinely since February 1983 a french 80W. CO2 Laser
      unit. They discuss the advantages and limits of this technic in the light of the
      first 26 intracranial and intraspinal operations carried on with it. The main and
      wellknown qualities of CO2 Laser are: the easiness of the hemostasis of the tumor
      and of the surgical cavity; and the absence of traction on the same tissue. The
      coupling of CO2 Laser with the operating microscope appeared very useful and made
      safer deep tumor excision, particularly that of the posterior fossa such as
      neurinomas and meningiomas. It was also quite efficient for intra-orbital tumors.
      The maniability of the hand piece was increased by the use of oblique mirror (45
      degrees and 60 degrees) fixed at its extremity. The incision of skin,
      subcutaneous and muscular layers was not simplified by CO2 Laser; indeed this
      apparatus increased the operatory duration and was responsible of a healing time
      extension.

PMID- 6441127
TI  - [Hemodynamic study of cerebral arteriovenous malformation by using 133Xe
      inhalation method].
AB  - We evaluated the hemodynamics of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by
      measuring the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with 133-Xe inhalation method
      in 20 cases. In addition, cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity were investigated in 12
      cases among them by 5% CO2 inhalation (3 + 10 min). Twenty patients were 6 to 61
      years of age (median 36.1 years) and 12 were male and 8 were female. Normal value
      of rCBF was obtained from 9 healthy volunteers. We measured rCBF using
      Novocerebrograph and evaluated by F1 & ISI value from 2 compartmental analysis.
      In order to evaluate CO2 reactivity, reactivity factor (RF) was calculated. (RF:
      CBF at 5% CO2-CBF at rest/PaCO2 at 5% CO2-PaCO2 at rest) AVM were divided into 3
      types, namely superficial type in which the lesion was on the surface of the
      brain (5 cases), deep type in which the lesion was located deeply in the brain
      (13 cases) and dural AVM (2 cases). There were 2 types of feeding artery, that
      is, those via cortical branch or not, and we investigated the relationship
      between the angiographical findings and the types of AVM with reference to rCBF.
      In superficial type, all cases had feeding arteries via cortical branch. Two of
      them showed normal rCBF but 3 cases showed locally high and low value of rCBF on
      the lesion and low value around it. Angiograms showed hypovascular area
      coincident with this low value region. But a significant difference of mean CBF
      on both hemispheres was not detected in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6441128
TI  - [Artificial feeding in the surgery of morbid obesity].

PMID- 6441129
TI  - [Duodenal diverticula. Report on 13 cases].

PMID- 6441130
TI  - [Stages in prevention of breast neoplasms. Organization of standard computerized
      operative programs: preliminary prospective study].
AB  - Bearing in mind the single or combined action of epidemiological factors
      influencing the natural history of the disease, the value of a survey method for
      rationally and significantly defining the potential degree of carcinogenesis of
      breast neoplasias in a selected population is tested. The method is designed to
      diagnose neoplastic development in its initial stages by strictly codified
      screening with the obvious aim of improving the survival rate. The need for a
      computer processed programme into which the various epidemiological and
      statistical variables are fed is underlined. The organisation and operation of
      such a service involves various problems in the identification, selection and
      processing of data. A provisional outline of the organisation of the survey is
      given, demonstrating the value of this method which will, in the near future,
      become irreplaceable in cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness terms.

PMID- 6441131
TI  - Hypothalamic laterality in regulating gonadotropic function: unilateral
      hypothalamic lesion and ovarian compensatory hypertrophy.
AB  - Regardless of the side of hemiovariectomy, unilateral lesion placed in the right
      side medial anterior hypothalamus suppressed ovarian compensatory hypertrophy,
      but the lesion made in the left side failed to suppress it. This suggests the
      presence of a hypothalamic laterality in regulating gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 6441132
TI  - Pattern of Schwann cell remyelination in a spinal cord lesion.
AB  - Intraspinal injection of mitomycin C into the rat dorsal columns produced
      extensive demyelination, axonal degeneration and glial cell death. Five weeks
      post-injection Schwann cell remyelinated fibers were present along the surface of
      the dorsal columns and around blood vessels within the lesions. Axons near these
      sites either were enclosed within a Schwann cell but not myelinated or were
      completely devoid of any cellular ensheathment. Schwann cells were associated
      only with those blood vessels which no longer retained astroglial end-feet. It is
      concluded that Schwann cells migrate into spinal cord lesions along such vessels.
      The marked sub-pial and perivascular distribution of Schwann cell remyelinated
      fibers may reflect a failure of Schwann cells to disperse quickly elsewhere
      within the lesion.

PMID- 6441133
TI  - Risk factors associated with retrolental fibroplasia.
AB  - The eyes of infants who were premature or had exposure to increased ambient
      oxygen from 1979 to 1981 were examined. Of 1012 neonates, 19 were found to have
      acute retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) grade III or worse in at least one eye.
      Sixteen also had chronic lung disease (CLD), and when compared to 25 control
      patients who had CLD but not grade III or more RLF, they were found to
      consistently have lower blood CO2 tensions (PCO2), lower pH values, higher
      inspired oxygen concentrations (FIO2S) and a higher incidence of seizure
      disorders (100% vs. 48%). We could not show that an elevated PCO2 increased the
      risk for developing RLF. Infants with either chronic lung disease or chronic lung
      disease and seizures had a high risk for developing RLF grade III (39% and 57%,
      respectively).

PMID- 6441134
TI  - Retinal detachment in the morning glory anomaly.
AB  - The morning glory anomaly is a rare congenital clinical entity that results from
      abnormal optic nerve development. In our series of 30 patients, followed for a
      mean duration of 10.3 years, 11 developed associated retinal detachments. These
      detachments followed a variable clinical course, including spontaneous
      reattachment and even redetachment, and may result from an abnormal communication
      between the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve and the subretinal space,
      allowing cerebrospinal fluid to accumulate subretinally. The clinical findings
      (including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and electrophysiologic testing),
      natural history, complications, and therapeutic indications are discussed.

PMID- 6441135
TI  - Hospital, heal thyself: coping with impaired providers and other hospital
      employees.

PMID- 6441136
TI  - Implementation of the Peer Review Organization program.

PMID- 6441137
TI  - An annotated bibliography (Part 3): Quality assurance and risk management.

PMID- 6441138
TI  - Inadequate medical order writing and delivery: a cause of unnecessary hospital
      costs.

PMID- 6441139
TI  - Prospective payment and mental health.

PMID- 6441140
TI  - [Method of treating progressive myositis ossificans].

PMID- 6441141
TI  - [Changes in the electrolyte composition of the blood and muscles in carp
      infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliata, Ophryoglenidae)].
AB  - A study of the electrolytic contents of blood serum, erythrocytes and muscles of
      carp infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was carried out. Whatever the
      infection intensity, a characteristic increase in the cations K+ and Na+ ratio in
      the plasma and muscles of infected fishes takes place. The above dependence,
      which is expressed in the intensification of active ions transport, is associated
      with mobilization of organism's protective functions.

PMID- 6441142
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow: studies in the fetal lamb during hypoxia,
      hypercapnia, acidosis, and hypotension.
AB  - In order to determine the relative roles of O2 tension and content, CO2 tension,
      hydrogen ion concentration, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output in the
      regulation of fetal cerebral blood flow (CBF), we used radioactively labeled
      microspheres to measure flow to 20 major brain regions in 24 chronically
      catheterized fetal lambs. We continually monitored fetal heart rate and blood
      pressure, and periodically measured arterial PO2, PCO2, pH, and hematocrit. In
      addition to CBF measurements during control periods, we measured CBF during: 1)
      hypoxia (O2 content less than 6 ml X dl-1; O2 tension less than 15 torr) induced
      by having the ewe breathe a gas mixture with low O2 concentration, 2) hypercapnia
      (PCO2 greater than 50 torr) induced by increasing the maternal inspired CO2, 3)
      acidosis and alkalosis (7.60 greater than pH greater than 6.60) induced by
      infusing lactic acid or bicarbonate into the fetus, and 4) hypotension (blood
      pressure less than 35 mm Hg) and hypertension (blood pressure greater than 55 mm
      Hg) induced by rapidly phlebotomizing or transfusing the fetus. We used multiple
      regression analysis and analysis of covariance to examine the dependence of total
      cerebral blood flow on arterial O2 tension and content, CO2 tension, pH, blood
      pressure, and cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441144
TI  - An in vitro animal model for the study of cereal components toxic in celiac
      disease.
AB  - Peptic-tryptic-Cotazym (PTC) digests were obtained, simulating in vivo protein
      digestion, from rice, maize, rye, oats, barley, and sorghum prolamines and tested
      on small intestine cultures from rat fetus. The PTC digests of the prolamine
      fractions from rice and maize, even when tested at a concentration as high as 0.5
      mg/ml, did not affect in vitro differentiation and maturation of fetal rat
      jejunum that took place in vitro in a way comparable to what happens in vivo. On
      the contrary, the PTC digests of prolamines from rye, oats, barley, and sorghum
      were very active in slowing down in vitro development of fetal rat intestine.
      These results further strengthen earlier findings and all together show that
      there is a strong correlation between toxicity results of cereal and/or cereal
      components assessed with clinical trials or in vitro systems based on bioptic
      specimens of intestinal mucosa from celiac patients and with the culture of rat
      fetal intestine. Therefore, the rat fetal intestine culture is considered to be
      an adequate model for screening and investigating cereal peptides which are toxic
      for the celiac small intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 6441143
TI  - Urinary excretion of l-carnitine and acylcarnitines by patients with disorders of
      organic acid metabolism: evidence for secondary insufficiency of l-carnitine.
AB  - Concentrations of l-carnitine and acylcarnitines have been determined in urine
      from patients with disorders of organic acid metabolism associated with an
      intramitochondrial accumulation of acyl-CoA intermediates. These included
      propionic acidemia, methylmalonic aciduria, isovaleric acidemia, multicarboxylase
      deficiency, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
      deficiency, and various dicarboxylic acidurias including glutaric aciduria,
      medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and multiple acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase deficiency. In all cases, concentrations of acylcarnitines were
      greatly increased above normal with free carnitine concentrations ranging from
      undetectable to supranormal values. The ratios of acylcarnitine/carnitine were
      elevated above the normal value of 2.0 +/- 1.1. l-Carnitine was given to three of
      these patients; in each case, concentrations of plasma and urine carnitines
      increased accompanied by a marked increase in concentrations of short-chain
      acylcarnitines. These acylcarnitines have been examined using fast atom
      bombardment mass spectrometry in some of these diseases and have been shown to be
      propionylcarnitine in methylmalonic aciduria and propionic acidemia,
      isovalerylcarnitine in isovaleric acidemia, and hexanoylcarnitine and
      octanoylcarnitine in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. The
      excretion of these acylcarnitines is compatible with the known accumulation of
      the corresponding acyl-CoA esters in these diseases. In this group of disorders,
      the increased acylcarnitine/carnitine ratio in urine and plasma indicates an
      imbalance of mitochondrial mass action homeostasis and, hence, of acyl-CoA/CoA
      ratios. Despite naturally occurring attempts to increase endogeneous l-carnitine
      biosynthesis, there is insufficient carnitine available to restore the mass
      action ratio as demonstrated by the further increase in acylcarnitine excretion
      when patients were given oral l-carnitine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441145
TI  - [Treatment of ketoacidotic coma in children with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6441146
TI  - [Myoclonus epilepsy with atonic attacks].

PMID- 6441147
TI  - Cell pH of rat renal proximal tubule in vivo and the conductive nature of
      peritubular HCO3- (OH-) exit.
AB  - Intracellular pH (pHc) was measured on surface loops of rat kidney proximal
      tubules under free-flow conditions in vivo using fine tip double-barrelled pH
      microelectrodes based on a neutral H+ ligand. The microelectrodes had Nernstian
      slopes and a resistance of the order of 10(12) omega. By using a driven shield
      feed back circuit the response time to pH jumps was lowered to around 1 s. At a
      peritubular pH of 7.42 and a luminal pH of 6.68 +/- 0.13 (n = 27), pHc was 7.17
      +/- 0.08 (n = 19). Perfusing the peritubular capillaries suddenly with
      bicarbonate Ringer solutions of plasma-like composition which were equilibrated
      with high or low CO2 pressures, acidified or respectively alkalinized the cells
      rapidly as expected from the high CO2 permeability of the cell membranes. Such
      data allowed us to calculate the cytoplasmic buffering power of the tubular
      cells. Sudden peritubular perfusion with Ringer solution containing only 3 mmol/l
      of HCO3- at constant physiological CO2 pressure led to a similar fast cell
      acidification which indicated that the peritubular cell membrane is also highly
      permeable for bicarbonate or OH- (H+). The latter response was completely blocked
      by the stilbene derivative SITS at the concentration of 10(-3) mol/l. The
      observations indicate first that pHc of rat proximal tubule is more acidic than
      was previously thought on the basis of distribution studies of weak acids, second
      that intracellular bicarbonate concentration is around 13 mmol/l and third that
      bicarbonate exit across the peritubular cell membrane is a passive rheogenic
      process via a conductive pathway which can be inhibited by SITS.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441148
TI  - Changes of ventilation and ventilatory response to hypoxia during the menstrual
      cycle.
AB  - The relationship between change in hypoxic sensitivity in respiration, defined as
      increment in ventilation per drop of arterial O2 saturation (delta VE/delta
      SaO2), with the phase change from follicular to luteal and those in resting
      pulmonary ventilation (VE), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), alveolar partial
      pressures of CO2 and O2 (PACO2 and PAO2, respectively) and body temperature was
      studied in 10 women. There was a significant relationship between % increase in
      hypoxic sensitivity and decrement of resting PACO2 that occurred in the luteal
      phase. However, no significant relationships were observed between change in
      hypoxic sensitivity and those in the remaining parameters studied. The
      intersubject variation in % increase in resting VE during the luteal phase was
      not associated with that in % increase in hypoxic sensitivity. The results
      indicate that the contribution of increased hypoxic sensitivity to increasing VE
      during the luteal phase is variable among subjects. Reasons for the increase in
      hypoxic sensitivity with hypocapnia are discussed.

PMID- 6441149
TI  - Effects of divalent cations on acetylcholine-evoked membrane potential in the
      ionophore A23187 treated mouse pancreas.
AB  - Membrane potential and resistance were measured in isolated segments of mouse
      pancreas superfused in vitro using two intracellular microelectrodes. The acinar
      cells were stimulated by microionophoretic ACh application from an extracellular
      AChCl filled micropipette. The membrane depolarization and resistance reduction
      evoked by short pulses of ACh stimulation were abolished by treatment with A23187
      containing Ca-free solution. The subsequent exposure of the A23187-treated tissue
      to a Ca or Sr containing solution restored the responses to short pulses of ACh.
      Addition of Ba, Co, or Mn instead of Ca had no such restorative effects. Mn or Co
      markedly suppressed the restorative effects of Ca or Sr. It is concluded that
      A23187 treatment causes depletion of intracellular Ca stores. The restorative
      effect of Ca or Sr indicates that short pulses of ACh stimulation evoke an
      increase in intracellular Ca or Sr concentration. Short pulses of ACh seem to
      release Ca from the stimulant-sensitive Ca pool and, in addition, to increase the
      membrane Ca permeability.

PMID- 6441150
TI  - [High-dose radiation therapy (5 Gy twice a week) in the treatment of
      glioblastoma].

PMID- 6441151
TI  - Good news about dentistry.

PMID- 6441152
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of anticodon-deleted and replaced Bacillus subtilis tRNAThr
      and their amino acid acceptor activity.
AB  - By some enzymatic and chemical procedures, one or two nucleotides in the
      anticodon region of Bacillus subtilis tRNAThr were deleted and a part of the
      anticodon sequence was replaced. The anticodon-deleted molecules retained amino
      acid acceptor activity although the activity was low. However, the anticodon
      replaced molecule which has a lysine specific sequence (U-U-U) exhibited neither
      threonine acceptor activity nor lysine acceptor activity.

PMID- 6441153
TI  - Studies on the synthesis of the fluorescent bases from phenylalanine transfer
      ribonucleic acids.
AB  - L-Serine has been transformed into (R)-[2-carboxy-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)
      amino]ethyl]triphenylphosphonium chloride in seven steps. The Wittig reaction of
      this compound with 1-benzyl-7-formylwye followed by successive methylation and
      reduction has produced (S)-wybutine.

PMID- 6441154
TI  - Influence of messenger RNA secondary structure on translation efficiency.
AB  - Two genes for human immune interferon (hIFN-gamma), synthetic (GIFs) and cDNA
      prepared from mRNA (GIFm), have been expressed in E. coli under the control of
      the trp promoter. The expression level of GIFs was 100-fold lower than that of
      GIFm. Secondary structure analysis of two genes' mRNA surrounding Shine-Dalgarno
      (SD) sequence showed the presence of a 8 base-pair stable stem structure
      preceding SD sequence in GIFs mRNA, but not in GIFm mRNA. Expression of a GIFs
      gene, in which the stem structure was rendered unstable by changing two bases,
      became 100 times greater than that of the original GIFs.

PMID- 6441155
TI  - Synthesis and expression of RNase T1 gene.
AB  - In order to obtain knowledges about structure-function relationship of
      ribonuclease T1, we synthesized a structural gene for RNase T1 and several its
      modified genes. Using amino acid codons frequently used in Escherichia coli we
      designed genes consist of 328 X 2 bases. Synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides with
      9-20 base lengths was performed by 1% polystyrene supported triester approach and
      resulting 42 oligomers were joined together using T4 DNA ligase. The product was
      analyzed and utilyzed to construct expression vectors, which produced effectively
      fused proteins.

PMID- 6441156
TI  - Synthesis of C-beta-D-ribofuranosylacetic acid derivatives and their utilization
      in the synthesis of some C-nucleosides.
AB  - Reactions of chloro(alkoxycarbonyl)methylenetriphenylphosphoranes with protected
      D-ribofuranoses resulted in the exclusive formation of C-beta-D-ribofuranosyl
      glycosides, which were converted to some C-nucleosides, such as showdomycin and
      pyrido-[1,2-a]pyrimidine C-nucleosides.

PMID- 6441157
TI  - [Periarticular calcification and ossification processes in immobilized patients].

PMID- 6441158
TI  - Implications of dosing tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines in
      geriatrics.
AB  - It is important to understand both the kinetic and the dynamic implications of
      dosing TCAs and BZs in the elderly, for whom these drugs are frequently
      prescribed. The TCAs are used to treat responsive signs and symptoms including
      such somatic complaints as chest pain, dizziness, and arthralgias, as well as the
      endogenous signs such as loss of appetite with associated weight loss,
      psychomotor retardation, loss of libido, and insomnia. The pharmacokinetic
      studies of TCAs such as desipramine and nortriptyline have shown few, if any, age
      related changes. The dose required for responsivity is significantly reduced for
      both TCAs (desipramine and nortriptyline) in the elderly, which may suggest
      increased end-organ responsiveness. The major recommendations for treatment of
      depression with nortriptyline in the elderly are (1) to administer small doses in
      order to avoid side effects, and (2) to expect a longer response time for the
      antidepressant effect than in young and middle-aged depressed patients. Although
      the BZs are extensively prescribed in the elderly, primarily for insomnia and
      anxiety, the physiologic and biochemical changes of aging alter the kinetics and
      dynamics of these extensively metabolized and slowly eliminated drugs. Based on
      the kinetic data and information in Tables 1 and 2, the relatively sensitive
      elderly population should receive a reduced dosage. Careful evaluation of the
      patient and the kinetic profile of the agent employed will ensure safe use of
      these drugs. A clear understanding of anxiety and respect for the alterations in
      the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents in the elderly will
      allow the physician to prescribe the BZs wisely. As with the TCAs, remember to
      administer doses of BZs that are reduced by 50 to 75 per cent of the usual
      recommended doses for young and middle-aged individuals and to increase dosage in
      small increments. Ultimately, sound, scientifically based, clinical judgment that
      considers the needs of the patient is the best guide for the selection of an
      appropriate BZ.

PMID- 6441159
TI  - Evaluation of nine different fixatives. 1. Preservation of immunoglobulin
      isotypes, J chain, and secretory component in human tissues.
AB  - Eight cross-linking fixatives were tested for their ability to preserve IgG, IgA,
      IgM and IgD isotypes, J chain, and secretory component (SC) in paraffin-embedded
      specimens of human tonsils and colonic mucosa. The results were compared with the
      antigenic preservation afforded by cold 96% ethanol (with or without inclusion of
      a prefixation 48-hr washing period). A semiquantitative immunofluorescence
      scoring system was applied. In relation to the cytoplasmic scores of 3.0 assigned
      to IgG and IgA immunocytes after ethanol fixation, the following median scores
      were obtained with the other fixatives: routine formalin, 1.3 (IgG and IgA);
      glutaraldehyde (1%)-formalin, 0.3 (IgG and IgA); Baker's formol calcium, 2.3
      (IgG) and 1.5 (IgA); formol sublimate, 1.0 (IgG) and 1.2 (IgA); acetic acid (2%)
      formol saline, 2.0 (IgG and IgA); Bouin's fluid and Susa fixative, 0 (IgG) and
      1.3 (IgA); and carbodiimide, 2.3 (IgG) and 2.0 (IgA). Most aldehyde-based
      fixatives afforded poorer result for IgA immunocytes when an anti-alpha-chain
      reagent of restricted specificity was applied. The result was usually slightly
      better for IgM cells than for IgG cells, but IgM did not resist fixation in
      Bouin's fluid and Susa fixative to the same extent as IgA. IgD immunocytes were
      poorly revealed except after fixation with Baker's formol calcium, carbodiimide,
      and acetic acid-formol saline, which afforded median fluorescence scores of 1.0
      1.8 compared with 3.0 after ethanol fixation. J chain in IgA immunocytes was most
      intensely stained in sections of ethanol-fixed tissue denatured in acid urea
      (median score, 3) but was also well revealed after fixation with formalin, acetic
      acid-formol saline, Bouin's fluid or Susa fixative (median scores, 1.8-2.0). The
      results with most of the cross-linking fixatives were much less favorable for
      IgA, IgM, J chain and SC in colonic crypt epithelium than in immunocytes. Only
      carbodiimide afforded fluorescence scores for IgA and SC approaching those
      obtained after ethanol fixation (2.0 and 1.5 vs. 3.0 and 2.8). The effect of
      proteolytic unmasking depended on the fixative - not only for different antigens
      and locations in the tissue, but also for the same antigen in apparently similar
      cells.

PMID- 6441160
TI  - [Bioptic diagnosis of kidney diseases].

PMID- 6441161
TI  - [Properties of acylase preparations from an actinomycete culture].
AB  - A comparative study of some physico-chemical properties of high-purified
      preparations of extracellular penicillin-V-acylase and aminoacylase, isolated
      from the actinomycete Streptoverticillium No 62, revealed the difference in pH
      and temperature optima, in the sensitivity to the ionic composition of buffer
      solutions, in the enzyme stability during storage. As for the aminoacylase
      preparation, its thermostability was studied at different pH values, as well as
      the effect of specific compounds was tested. Similar to other fungal enzymes, the
      aminoacylase possesses a wide substrate specificity, and by its stereospecificity
      can be related to L-aminoacylases, while penicillin-V-acylase is a high-specific
      enzyme, active against phenoxymethylpenicillin.

PMID- 6441162
TI  - [Purification and properties of alpha-amylases in morphological variants of
      Bacillus subtilis].
AB  - Extracellular alpha-amylases were isolated from the culture medium filtrates of
      Bacillus subtilis R-623 morphological variants R, P and S by means of biospecific
      chromatography on artificial sorbents and then purified to homogeneity. Some
      properties of purified alpha-amylases were being studied. The molecular weight of
      alpha-amylases from Bacillus subtilis variants R, P and S equals 57,000, 58,000
      and 56,000, and the isoelectric points are at pH 5.4, 5.6 and 5.1, respectively.
      pH optimum for alpha-amylase from variants R and P is 4.5, and for that from
      variant S--5.0. alpha-Amylases from Bacillus subtilis R-623 morphological
      variants are thermostable enzymes. According to the properties studied, they
      correspond to Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylases that were isolated and described
      by other researchers.

PMID- 6441163
TI  - [Isolation of bacteria from pulmonary tuberculosis patients with no destructive
      lesions].

PMID- 6441164
TI  - [Results of examination of several population groups for the purpose of detecting
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6441165
TI  - [Significance of a single detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its role in
      tuberculosis of the respiratory organs].

PMID- 6441166
TI  - [Biological properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis polyresistant to
      antitubercular agents].

PMID- 6441167
TI  - Effect of occlusal treatment on the use of medical services in TMJ dysfunction
      patients with head and neck symptoms.

PMID- 6441168
TI  - In vitro studies on the prostaglandin system in tooth pulp.

PMID- 6441169
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular permeability in an inescapable shock
      (learned helplessness) animal model of depression.
AB  - The effects of a purported animal model of depression (inescapable shock, IS) was
      tested on: (a) escape behavior, (b) regional brain levels of norepinephrine (NE),
      serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine, and (c), the response of the
      cerebromicrovasculature to metabolic demand as mimicked by manipulation of
      arterial CO2 content (PaCO2). Multidisciplinary research has implicated central
      biogenic amines in the regulation of cerebromicrocirculation. IS treatment
      resulted in increased escape latency and lowered levels of NE and 5-HT in the
      locus coeruleus but not in terminal fields in distant regions. This treatment
      also did not alter cerebral blood flow or capillary permeability in distant
      regions when compared with control rats. Thus, the discrete changes in NE and 5
      HT in locus coeruleus induced by IS treatment is not reflected in changes in
      cerebral blood flow and the effective permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6441170
TI  - Midazolam-induced increase in NaCl solution ingestion: differential effect of the
      benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216.
AB  - After adaptation to a 23-hr water deprivation regimen, under which rats were
      allowed a daily 1-hr water rehydration session, they were injected (SC) with 1 or
      2 drugs presession and given 1.5% NaCl solution to drink in place of water.
      Midazolam (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) increased the intake of 1.5% NaCl solution as did Ro 15
      1788 (2.5-10.0 mg/kg). This confirmed a previously noted agonist effect of
      midazolam and partial agonist action of Ro 15-1788. When injected in combination
      with midazolam, Ro 15-1788 (2.5-10.0 mg/kg) antagonized the effect of midazolam.
      CGS 8216 (2.5-20.0 mg/kg) revealed no partial agonist action on the NaCl solution
      ingestion procedure nor did it block the effect of midazolam.

PMID- 6441171
TI  - [Purity testing of sorbose and sorbitol using thin layer chromatography on
      Silufol finished plates].
AB  - Different methods had been elaborated for proof and semiquantitative
      determination of mono-, di- and trisaccharides and of mannitol and sorbitol in
      sorbose as well as of mannitol, mono-, di- and trisaccharides in sorbitol
      following their separation by means of Silufol finished plates UV254. According
      to the results of sample mixtures, there is the possibility to separate from
      sorbose and to semiquantitatively determine 0.5% fructose and glucose each, 0.3
      to 0.5% di- and trisaccharides as well as 1% sorbitol and 5% mannitol.
      Furthermore 0.5% fructose and glucose each, 0.3-0.5% di- and trisaccharides as
      well as 5% mannitol can be separated from sorbitol and semiquantitatively be
      determined.

PMID- 6441172
TI  - Determination of surface charge of some bacteria by colloid titration.
AB  - The surface charge of bacteria is always negative except below pH 2. The negative
      charge depends mainly upon phosphate and carboxyl groups. The charge of six kinds
      of bacteria was determined by colloid titration between pH 2 and 11. When there
      is amino group on the cell surface, it is positive as ammonium cation between pH
      2 and 10, and it combines with the negative groups to neutralize the negative
      charge. In the presence of formalin, the colloid titration results show that the
      free amine is blocked by formalin, and the amino group can be estimated by the
      difference between the two titration results. Above pH 10, the titration results
      of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi in the presence of formalin implied the
      existence of guanidyl group. The titration results of living bacterial
      suspensions were quite the same as those of heat-killed ones.

PMID- 6441173
TI  - [Centenary of the birth of D. Danielopolu (1884-1955)].

PMID- 6441174
TI  - The role of hypothalamic centres in the immune specific response.
AB  - Four groups of rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior, lateral, tuberal
      and mammillary areas of hypothalamus. Seven days later these rats, as well as
      controls, were immunized concomitantly with three antigens: Salmonella
      enteritidis, sheep red blood cells and Myxovirus influenzae A (H3N2). The primary
      and the secondary response were tested. The bacterial and erythrocytic antigens,
      with marked immunogenetic capacity, produced immune responses, which were not
      significantly influenced by hypothalamic lesions. The immune primary and
      secondary response to influenza A virus is wholly suppressed in animals with
      lesions in tuberal and mammillary areas of the hypothalamus. It is reduced in
      animals with lesions in lateral and anterior regions, as compared with controls.
      The secondary response is greater and more rapid in controls. It is reduced in
      animals with lesions in anterior and lateral hypothalamus and suppressed in those
      with lesions at tuberal and mammillary level. It therefore seems that the
      modulatory intervention of the hypothalamus in the immune process depends on the
      antigen, on the antigen, on the intensity of its direct effects on the immuno
      competent and accessory cells and on the condition of the hypothalamic centers.

PMID- 6441175
TI  - [Determination of the resistance between point 1 of meridians P and C and the
      other active points in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 6441176
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging].

PMID- 6441177
TI  - [Clinical applications of proton NMR tomography].

PMID- 6441178
TI  - Learned aversion to mannitol in water-deprived rats.
AB  - Mannitol, a non-absorbent compound may suppress free drinking in rats. It was
      suggested that the osmotic accumulation of water in the intestine produced a
      satiety signal by distending the wall of the gut, which resulted in the reduction
      of intake. However, we never obtained this suppression during the first exposure
      to mannitol in water deprived rats, while subsequent administration of this
      compound significantly reduced the amount of the consumed fluid. Moreover,
      mannitol preloaded intragastrically increased and not decreased fluid intake.
      Results show that in water-deprived rats the accumulation of the fluid in the
      intestine did not result in satiety. The subsequent reduction of the fluid intake
      might be associated with the development of a taste aversion in the rats.

PMID- 6441179
TI  - Response of monkeys to intragastric preloads: limitations on caloric
      compensation.
AB  - Food intake of rhesus monkeys was limited to a single daily 2 hr session of
      banana flavored pellet availability, seven days a week. Following stabilization
      of intake, the effects of liquid preload meals (0-80% of normal meal size)
      delivered through nasogastric tubes or chronic indwelling intragastric (IG)
      catheters were determined during test sessions by delivering preloads 15 min
      prior to the session. Monkeys compensated for preloads by decreasing intake by an
      amount nearly equal to the energy content of the preload. As the time between the
      delivery of an IG preload equivalent to 40% of a normal day's intake and the
      beginning of the session was increased, accuracy of compensation decreased.
      Monkeys also did not compensate for a chow meal given 2 hr before the session and
      compensation did not improve when this meal was given for ten consecutive days 2
      hr before a session. In addition, an IG preload equivalent to 40% of a normal
      day's intake was given 20 hr before the session under two conditions: two hours
      after or immediately after the session on the day preceding testing. Only the
      preload given immediately after the session decreased food intake 20 hr later.
      However, a control volume of tap water delivered immediately after the session
      also decreased food intake 20 hr later. Finally, monkeys did not compensate for
      deprivation experienced one day by increasing their food intake the following
      day. In sum, these results indicate that under these conditions, the rhesus
      monkey does not regulate its food intake as accurately as previously reported.

PMID- 6441180
TI  - [Adult oligophrenia in the large psychiatric hospital].
AB  - Adult patients with mental retardation are a large group in big psychiatric
      hospitals. In the last years they were not enough heeded in regard of social
      psychiatric efforts and rehabilitation. The study shows the problems of
      misplacement for a big part of that group as in-patients in psychiatric
      hospitals, points out the necessary integration and continuous social and
      rehabilitative-pedagogical care. The analysis is based upon some point prevalence
      studies in the psychiatric hospital BFKH Rodewisch. Finally there are given
      statements about the future organization of process of caring for adult patients
      with mental retardation.

PMID- 6441181
TI  - Biological and clinical predictors of response in recurrent depression: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - Electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep and selected hormone measurements were
      investigated in a group of 34 recurrent depressives receiving both
      pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. These biological variables were examined to
      determine whether such measures could predict the rapidity of treatment response.
      While the EEG measures of sleep onset difficulty and degree of rapid eye movement
      (REM) density provided some level of discrimination, the serum cortisol measure,
      particularly the cortisol nadir, significantly discriminated between normal
      responders and slow or nonresponders. These data support the notion that
      biological factors measured before treatment might relate to the rapidity and
      extent of clinical response achieved by the patient.

PMID- 6441182
TI  - Taking primary care seriously: the Finnish experience.

PMID- 6441183
TI  - [Beta-galactosidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae].

PMID- 6441184
TI  - Prostaglandin production from homogenates of separated glandular epithelium and
      stroma from human endometrium.
AB  - The biosynthesis of prostaglandins by isolated epithelial glandular and stromal
      cells was studied after collagenase digestion of endometrium collected from women
      at various stages of the menstrual cycle. Homogenates of the separate cell types
      were incubated for 60 minutes with 2.08 micrograms 1(14)C arachidonic acid and
      the products separated by thin layer chromatography. Both glandular and stromal
      homogenates synthesised PGF2 alpha. More PGF2 alpha was synthesised by glandular
      epithelium separated from both proliferative and secretory endometrium than by
      stroma. The ratio of PGF2 alpha/PGE2 was greater in glands and stroma isolated
      from secretory than proliferative endometrium. Small but significant amounts of 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha were produced by all cell types. These results suggest that the
      increased synthesis of PGF2 alpha from secretory endometrium is due, at least in
      part, to increased activity of cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in the glandular
      epithelium.

PMID- 6441185
TI  - Oxidation of prostacyclin and its analogs by three 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenases.
AB  - A study of the oxidation of prostacyclin and some of its analogs by three 15
      hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases was undertaken to determine the structural
      features of these compounds which might influence their rate of enzymatic
      inactivation. The effect of some structural changes seemed to be determined by
      the substrate specificity of individual enzymes. Other changes influenced the
      rate of oxidation by all three enzymes similarily. Among this latter group it was
      noted that a 15S hydroxyl group is necessary for oxidation to occur and that
      steric changes in the carboxy side chain and structural changes in the epoxy ring
      have a greater effect on the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme than on its
      maximum rate of oxidation. Certain analogs of prostacyclin are not substrates for
      one or more of the enzymes tested. Of these, (5S)-9-deoxy-5,9 alpha-epoxy-PGF1
      and its methyl ester are potent inhibitors of only the placental enzyme---an
      interesting case of apparent selective metabolic regulation.

PMID- 6441186
TI  - Inhibitors of lipoxygenase products improve survival in traumatic shock.
AB  - We have used three selective inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism in order
      to investigate the role of lipoxygenase metabolites in the pathogenesis of
      traumatic shock (LD90). The following inhibitors were used: CGS-5391B (2.5
      mg/kg), a cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor, CGS-5677 (2.0 mg/kg), a
      selective lipoxygenase inhibitor, and U-60,257 (0.3 mg/kg), a putative inhibitor
      of glutathione-s-transferase. These inhibitors did not alter arterial blood
      pressure or heart rate when given to sham shock rats. The traumatic shock model
      was characterized by a 4.5-fold increase in plasma cathepsin D activity, a 4-fold
      increase in plasma myocardial depressant factor (MDF) activity, and a mean
      survival time of 1.5 +/- 0.2 h. Only the dual inhibitor significantly blunted the
      accumulation of cathepsin D in the plasma (7.5 +/- 0.8 vs 11.3 +/- 0.8 U/ml, p
      less than 0.01). However, all three inhibitors significantly suppressed plasma
      MDF accumulation by 50-60%: CGS-5391B, CGS-5677, and U-60,257 (p less than 0.01).
      Moreover, these three agents significantly improved survival time in traumatic
      shock. The increased survival time and reduced MDF activity afforded by these
      inhibitors suggest a significant role for lipoxygenase metabolites, particularly
      LTC4 and LTD4, in the pathogenesis of traumatic shock.

PMID- 6441187
TI  - Sex differences in platelet thromboxane and arterial prostacyclin production in
      control and n-6 fatty acid supplemented rats.
AB  - Sex differences in eicosanoid production in platelets and vessel walls have been
      studied in control and n-6 fatty acid supplemented rats. In platelet rich plasma
      (PRP) of control female rats, arachidonic acid (AA) levels in phospholipids (PL),
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) formation following collagen stimulation and aggregatory
      responses to collagen were higher than in PRP of male rats. 6 keto PGF1 alpha
      release from PRP-perfused isolated aortas were the same for both sexes, but the
      antiaggregatory activity of the wall was higher in males than in females, in
      association with a greater sensitivity of male platelets to prostacyclin. The
      administration of n-6 fatty acid supplements increased AA level in PL, TxB2
      production and aggregation only in male platelets. Production of 6 keto PGF1
      alpha and the antiaggregatory activity of aortic walls were reduced after dietary
      treatment in males, but biochemical and functional parameters were not correlated
      in females. The results indicate complex sex-related differences in fatty acid
      metabolism and eicosanoid production, and in responses to n-6 dietary fatty acids
      in platelets and the vascular system in the rat.

PMID- 6441188
TI  - Measurement of prostaglandin D2 and identification of metabolites in human plasma
      during intravenous infusion.
AB  - A stable isotope dilution assay has been developed for the quantification of
      prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in plasma. Samples are analysed by capillary column gas
      chromatography/negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC/NICIMS).
      The method employs an internal standard of [2H6]PGD2, prepared biosynthetically
      by incubation of rat peritoneal mast cells with deuterated arachidonic acid. No
      PGD2 was detected in peripheral venous plasma samples obtained from 10 healthy
      male volunteers (detection limit = 5 pg ml-1). Following intravenous infusion of
      PGD2 at increasing incremental infusion rates ranging from 16-256 ng kg-1 min-1,
      a dose related increase in the plasma concentration of PGD2 was observed. Plasma
      levels at 128 ng kg-1 min-1 ranged from 724-1444 pg ml-1. The major circulating
      metabolites of PGD2, during infusion, were identified as 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo
      PGF2 alpha and 15-oxo-PGF2 alpha.

PMID- 6441189
TI  - Stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in primary cultures of osteoblast-like
      cells by hormones and drugs.
AB  - The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH), dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2
      D3), thrombin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (PMA) on the biosynthesis and release of arachidonic acid metabolites
      were studied in primary cultures of osteoblast-like cells isolated from 18-day
      old chick embryo calvaria. Cells were labelled with (14C)-arachidonic acid for 30
      h. The radioactive eicosanoids were extracted from the cell culture media after a
      further 30 h stimulation period and analysed on a PRP-1 column by HPLC. The
      radioactive products were characterized by co-elution of (3H) standard
      prostanoids. Osteoblasts showed a basal release of the prostanoids 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha, TXB2, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, PGD2 and PGB2, the latter being the most abundant
      one. Indomethacin (10(-5) M) effectively inhibited the basal release, but not
      that of an as yet unidentified compound. The release of prostanoids was
      stimulated by PTH (2 U/ml), thrombin (0.4 NIH/ml), EGF (50 ng/ml) and PMA (25
      ng/ml), the latter being by far the most potent one. 1,25-(OH)2D3 was found to
      slightly inhibit the prostanoid release. These results indicate: (1) primary
      cultures of osteoblasts synthesize several prostaglandins, thromboxane B2 and one
      unidentified product. (2) the action on bone of PTH and the various drugs tested
      may be, at least partly, mediated by an increased prostaglandin production by
      osteoblasts. Clearly this does not apply to 1,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 6441190
TI  - 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavan: a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase in
      human and porcine peripheral blood leukocytes.
AB  - The effect of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavan on human platelet 12-lipoxygenase and
      human and porcine PMNL 5-lipoxygenase activities has been studied. 6,7,4'
      Trihydroxyisoflavan was found to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase more strongly than 12
      lipoxygenase; its concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) was 1.6 microM for
      human and porcine 5-lipoxygenase and 22 microM for human platelet 12
      lipoxygenase. Inhibition of microsomal cyclooxygenase from ram seminal vesicles
      is exhibited at much higher concentrations of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavan (IC50 =
      200 microM).

PMID- 6441191
TI  - Mechanism of stimulation of pulmonary prostacyclin synthesis at birth.
AB  - In order to investigate the mechanism behind ventilation-induced pulmonary
      prostacyclin production at birth, chloralose anesthetized, exteriorized, fetal
      lambs were ventilated with a gas mixture that did not change blood gases (fetal
      gas) and unventilated fetal lungs were perfused with blood containing increased
      O2 and decreased CO2. Ventilation with fetal gas (3%O2, 5%CO2) increased net
      pulmonary prostacyclin (as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) production from -5.1 +/- 4.4 to
      +12.6 +/- 7.6 ng/kg X min. When ventilation was stopped, net pulmonary
      prostacyclin production returned to nondetectable levels. Ventilation with gas
      mixtures which increased pulmonary venous PO2 and decreased PCO2 also stimulated
      pulmonary prostacyclin production, but did not have greater effects than did
      ventilation with fetal gas. In order to determine if increasing PO2 or decreasing
      PCO2 could stimulate pulmonary prostacyclin production independently from
      ventilation, unventilated fetal lamb lungs were perfused with blood that had PO2
      and PCO2 similar to fetal blood, blood with elevated O2, and blood that had PO2
      and PCO2 values similar to arterial blood of newborn animals. Neither increased
      O2 nor decreased CO2 in the blood perfusing the lungs stimulated pulmonary
      prostacyclin synthesis. We conclude that the mechanism responsible for the
      stimulation of pulmonary prostacyclin production with the onset of ventilation at
      birth is tissue stress during establishment of gaseous ventilation and rhythmic
      ventilation.

PMID- 6441192
TI  - [Value of the immunofluorescence method in the bacteriological diagnosis of
      gonorrhea. I. Detection of gonococci in secretions by the direct IF test].

PMID- 6441193
TI  - [Value of the immunofluorescence method in the bacteriological diagnosis of
      gonorrhea. II. Detection of gonococci in culture by the IF test].

PMID- 6441194
TI  - Fast neutrons in the treatment of head and neck cancers: the results of a multi
      centre randomly controlled trial.
AB  - The results are presented of a multi-centre randomly controlled trial of fast
      neutron irradiation and mega-voltage X-rays in the treatment of patients with
      locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. No
      significant difference was observed in local tumour control rates. Salvage
      surgery was performed in a similar number of patients in the two groups. Late
      morbidity was also similar in the two treatment groups. Patients in a subgroup
      with cancer of the larynx treated by photons had a significantly better survival
      than those in the neutron treated group.

PMID- 6441195
TI  - The use of a concomitant electron boost (field in the field technique) in large
      cervical node metastases over a shortened period.
AB  - Seven patients with large cervical node metastases were treated at the Institut
      Jean-Godinot using a particular scheme of accelerated irradiation. Conventional
      Cobalt-60 radiotherapy was prophylactically delivered to extended volumes of the
      neck (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks). Within the fields of cobalt
      irradiation, an electron beam field was added to increase the daily dose from 2
      to 3 Gy (Fletcher's field in the field technique). The increment of dose was
      limited to nodal area. Since no interval separated the two irradiations, involved
      areas were considered to receive 70 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks and non
      clinically involved areas to receive 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. In all
      the cases, the malignant mass diameter exceeded 5 cm. Acute tolerance was good
      and no major late injury was observed during the 18 months minimum follow-up
      period. At the end of the treatment, a complete disappearance of the tumor was
      observed in six out of seven cases. At the present time, four patients are still
      alive without evidence of disease. Slight acceleration of irradiation by the use
      of a concomitant electron boost is easily feasible and may provide an improvement
      in local control and therapeutic ratio of large cervical malignant masses in the
      neck.

PMID- 6441196
TI  - A comparison of the locomotor effects induced by centrally injected TRH and TRH
      analogues.
AB  - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its stable analogues CG3509 and RX77368
      were injected directly into the nucleus accumbens, septum and striatum of the rat
      and locomotor activity was recorded. TRH (5-20 micrograms) caused a dose
      dependent increase in locomotor activity when injected into the nucleus
      accumbens. TRH (20 micrograms) also increased locomotor activity after
      administration into the septum but not when put into the striatum. Both the TRH
      analogues (0.1 and 1.0 microgram) produced closely related increases in activity
      when injected into either the nucleus accumbens or septum but CG3509 was more
      potent with a longer lasting effect. Also, in contrast with TRH (20 micrograms),
      both TRH analogues stimulated locomotor activity when injected into the striatum
      at a dose of 1 microgram but the effect was less marked and delayed in onset
      compared to the nucleus accumbens and septum response. Dopamine (100 micrograms)
      injected into the accumbens or septum also produced significant increases in
      locomotor activity. The locomotor effects of the peptides are discussed in
      relation to a possible dopamine-mediated mechanism which contrasts with the
      actions of TRH and the analogues on barbiturate anaesthesia.

PMID- 6441197
TI  - [Quantification of thorium in thorotrast patients using a portable whole body
      counter].

PMID- 6441198
TI  - Simulations of methylene chloride pharmacokinetics using a physiologically based
      model.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the solvent methylene chloride have been studied using a
      physiologically based model that was developed for iv administrations to mice.
      Subsequently, the model was expanded to simulate pharmacokinetic behavior in mice
      and rats following single and repeated oral exposures. Through computer
      simulations, how different dosing variables, such as dose vehicle and exposure
      route, could influence the time course of methylene chloride concentrations at
      potentially critical sites of toxicity was examined. With this technique, methods
      of quantifying tissue exposure as it relates to externally applied doses was
      sought. In this way pharmacokinetic models help investigators design experiments
      that lead to more appropriate and reliable toxicologic assessment studies.

PMID- 6441199
TI  - Ecoepidemiology--a casuistic discipline describing ecological disturbances and
      damages in relation to their specific causes: exemplified by chlorinated phenols
      and chlorophenoxy acids.
AB  - Ecoepidemiology is a new concept created in analogy to human epidemiology, and
      aims at the study of ecotoxicological effects at the levels of ecosystems,
      biological communities, and populations in relation to causative environmental
      exposures, mostly by chemicals. By way of example, ecoepidemiology is described
      by presenting an example of unintentional dissipation and possible discharges of
      chlorophenols and phenoxy acids into the terrestrial environment and--as a more
      specific case--a marine, aquatic area, viz., the Koge Bay immediately to the
      south of Copenhagen, Denmark. The examples are illustrative of the complex
      situation which characterizes most ecoepidemiological cases. Difficulties with
      which the ecoepidemiologist are confronted are not only the identification of
      possible causative and confounding chemicals, and the description of
      ecoepidemiological effects per se, but also the assessment of critical pathways
      of multimedium pollutants. Biomonitoring, computer-based handling of data from
      natural localities, and determination of a variety of anthropogenic impact
      factors are necessary elements of ecoepidemiological studies.

PMID- 6441200
TI  - [Symposium: Prospectives in nuclear medicine].

PMID- 6441201
TI  - [Catheter peridural anesthesia with bupivacaine HCI and bupivacaine CO2. A
      comparison and the effects of premedication].
AB  - A controlled prospective randomized study was carried out to compare the action
      of 0.5% bupivacaine-CO2 and 0.5% bupivacaine-HCI both with and without diazepam
      premedication. Those patients given an epidural with 0.5% bupivacaine-CO2 and
      diazepam premedication showed both the briefest time to onset of action and the
      greatest degree of motor block. In contrast to the other three groups, none of
      these patients had missed segments. Despite the fact that no significant
      differences could be calculated, the difference in intensity of action observed
      in this investigation may well be of clinical relevance.

PMID- 6441202
TI  - [Initial stages in the mechanism of protein glycosylation in human breast
      neoplasms].
AB  - It is discussed the rol of lipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of eucaryotic
      glycoproteins. Microsomal fraction isolated from malignant human breast tumors
      transferred Man and Glc from GDP-(14 C)-Man and UDP-(14 C)-Glc into lipid linked
      sugars and glycoproteins. The transference of Dol-PP-oligosaccharide to
      endogenous acceptor proteins was catalyzed for the same microsomal fraction.

PMID- 6441203
TI  - Characterization of a carotenoprotein from the carapace of the crab Macropipus
      puber.
AB  - An orange carotenoprotein (lambda max = 480 nm) containing astaxanthin as
      prosthetic group was extracted and purified from the carapace of the crab
      Macropipus puber. The extraction was made possible by means of Triton X-100,
      yielding an orange carotenoprotein, with a molecular weight of about 56,000.
      Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated only a single
      polypeptide of 14,000 daltons, suggesting that the orange caroteno-protein was a
      tetrameric form.

PMID- 6441204
TI  - Interrelationship between glucose infusions and the hepatic handling of
      bilirubin.

PMID- 6441205
TI  - [Chagas' disease: persistent production of a T lymphocyte glycoprotein in
      patients treated with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents].

PMID- 6441206
TI  - [Tamoxifen as a suppressor of mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethyl
      benzanthracene and methylnitrosourea, in female rats with induced
      hyperprolactinemia].

PMID- 6441207
TI  - Variations in the plasma levels of gonadotrophin and testosterone and in Leydig
      and Sertoli cell populations between birth and adulthood in Romanov lambs born in
      spring or autumn.
AB  - Plasma gonadotrophin and testosterone levels during the prepuberal period have
      been compared in spring and autumn-born Romanov lambs; the somatic and germ cell
      populations of these lambs have also been compared at birth and at adulthood. At
      1 and 3 months of age, the number of LH pulses per hour and mean plasma LH levels
      were significantly higher in spring than in autumn lambs. In adults, no such
      differences were observed. Similarly, at 1 and 3 months of age, the number of
      testosterone pulses per hour was higher in spring than in autumn animals. In the
      prepuberal period, the ratio of the levels of mean plasma testosterone to LH was
      higher in autumn than in spring lambs. The highest ratio was observed in adults
      but there was no variation according the season of birth. At 1 month of age, mean
      plasma FSH levels were higher in autumn than in spring lambs; this difference did
      not persist later on. Despite these endocrinological differences, testis weight,
      total Sertoli and Leydig cell numbers per testis, total number of gonocytes per
      testis at birth and daily production of round spermatids per testis in adult rams
      were similar in spring and autumn-born animals.

PMID- 6441208
TI  - A comparison of the changes in LH, FSH and testosterone in spring-born ram lambs
      of two different breeds.
AB  - LH, FSH and testosterone variations were compared during the prepubertal period
      in Romanov and Ile-de-France ram lambs born in the spring. Mean plasma LH levels
      increased significantly between the 1st and 8th week of age in the Romanov and
      between the 1st and 12th week of age in the Ile-de-France. At 1 month of age, the
      number of LH and testosterone pulses per hour was higher in Romanov than in Ile
      de-France lambs. The mean plasma testosterone levels, higher in the Romanov,
      increased from 1 week of age onwards. Mean plasma FSH levels increased from the
      first neonatal week till the 8th week in the Romanov and till the 12th week in
      the Ile-de-France. The levels of FSH did not differ significantly between the two
      breeds. The higher and earlier secretion of LH and production of testosterone in
      the Romanov might be a cause of its better reproductive performance.

PMID- 6441209
TI  - Effect of lactation on the metabolism of sheep adipose tissue.
AB  - The rates of incorporation of 14C glucose and 14C acetate into triglycerides by
      slices of omental adipose tissue were much lower in tissues from sheep in early
      lactation than in tissues from dry, non-pregnant sheep. The rates of oxidation of
      both substrates were also much lower in early lactation but increased again in
      late lactation. There was an increase in the incorporation of 14C acetate into
      triglycerides in late lactation and a further increase after the lambs were
      weaned. Lipoprotein lipase activity was lower in omental adipose tissue from
      lactating sheep than in tissue from dry, non-pregnant sheep. There were marked
      increases in the concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma and in
      adipose tissue during early lactation. The rate of release of glycerol by
      adipocytes in vitro also increased during lactation. These results suggest that
      there was a change from lipid deposition to lipid mobilisation during lactation.

PMID- 6441210
TI  - Assessment of the anaerobic threshold during exercise in normal man by means of
      the occlusion pressure as compared to conventional noninvasive techniques.
AB  - 7 healthy men performed on a bicycle a stepwise increasing maximal exercise.
      During the work test the classical parameters usually used in the detection of
      the anaerobic threshold (AT) i.e. minute ventilation (VE), CO2 output (VCO2), O2
      intake (VO2), gas exchange ratio (R) were recorded by a computerized system every
      minute. We also recorded the occlusion pressure (Po.1) in order to introduce it
      as a new parameter to detect the anaerobic threshold. Po.1 evolution showed a
      clear 'breaking point' at approximatively the same levels as for some of the
      other parameters (VE, VCO2). This 'breaking point' which is interpreted as the AT
      was also situated at the same level where VE/VO2 ratio increases without a change
      in VE/VCO2 ratio. Moreover the 'breaking point' separated the curves in linear
      and nonlinear increases as for VE and VCO2. By comparing the slope of the
      evolution of VCO2, VE, and Po.1 before and after the AT, it appeared that the
      easier visual detection of the AT was made by the Po.1 profile. We conclude that
      Po.1 is a valid index to detect the AT, and that this technique is a useful
      parameter in order to improve the visual detection of the AT.

PMID- 6441211
TI  - Effects of carotid chemoreceptor excitation on medullary expiratory neurons in
      cats.
AB  - A previous report (Lipski et al., 1977, J. Physiol. (London) 269, 797-810)
      demonstrated an inhibition of the medullary dorsal inspiratory neurons when a
      phasic chemoreceptor stimulus was applied during expiration. The present study
      tested the response of expiratory neurons which might mediate this inhibition.
      Recordings were made in cats anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane from the C5
      phrenic rootlet and mainly from the rostral (Botzinger) and caudal (nucleus
      retroambigualis, NRA) groups of medullary expiratory neurons. Carotid
      chemoreceptors were excited by close arterial injections of CO2-equilibrated
      saline. The stimuli were applied automatically with a preset delay within the
      respiratory cycle. The stimuli applied in inspiration excited both the phrenic
      activity and ventral inspiratory neurons within less than 0.5 sec. The stimuli
      applied in expiration excited 17 out of 25 NRA units, none of which projected to
      the contralateral dorsal (NTS) respiratory group. Four out of 9 units within be
      responsible for the expiratory inhibition of NTS inspiratory cells produced by
      chemoreceptor stimulation, while the caudal expiratory neurons are involved in
      the mediation of the chemoreceptor-induced effects upon the spinal neurons.

PMID- 6441212
TI  - Blood acid-base status of an awake heterothermic rodent, Spermophilus
      tereticaudus.
AB  - The desert ground squirrel Spermophilus tereticaudus is shown to show both
      reptilian style alphastat regulation and the pH-stat regulation typical of
      mammalian hibernation, depending upon the range of body temperature and the state
      of vigilance. Temperature corrected arterial pH and PCO2 of torpid squirrels (Tb
      11-28 degrees C) were independent of Tb and about equal to euthermic values at 37
      degrees C. Torpid squirrels show a progressive respiratory acidosis as Tb is
      lowered. In awake heterothermic squirrels (Tb 30-42.5 degrees C), blood acid-base
      status is like that of many ectothermic vertebrates: from 30 to 40 degrees C
      delta pHa/delta Tb was -0.0121, delta PaCO2/delta Tb was 1.057 and [HCO3-]
      remained about constant. Arterial blood from awake heterothermic squirrels
      measured at standard temperature (37 degrees C) showed no significant change with
      Tb, similar to blood undergoing anaerobic temperature changes in vitro. In vitro,
      the delta pH/delta T of blood of constant CCO2 was -0.014. Constant blood pH with
      change in Tb is thus not a general feature of mammalian acid-base regulation but
      appears in this species to be a feature of the respiratory and metabolic poise of
      torpor.

PMID- 6441213
TI  - Receptive fields of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the Pekin duck.
AB  - Reflex experiments indicate a uniform distribution of CO2 chemosensitivity in
      avian lungs, but neural recording experiments suggest a non-uniform distribution
      of intrapulmonary chemoreceptor (IPC) endings. To reconcile these observations,
      blood gases and PECO2 were measured while recording discharge frequencies of 32
      IPC innervating the unidirectionally ventilated lungs of 14 Pekin ducks. IPC
      discharge frequencies, recorded from the left vagus, were determined while
      ventilating the perfused left lung with caudocranial and craniocaudal flows of 1%
      CO2 in air, and then while ventilating the unperfused left lung with known levels
      of CO2 in air. Lung PCO2 profiles were predicted using an eight-compartment
      computer model of cross-current gas exchange with log-normal ventilation
      perfusion inequality and shunt. The PCO2 profiles and IPC discharge frequencies
      were used to calculate receptor location. At the 99% confidence limit, estimates
      of IPC location changed significantly in all but 7 IPC when the direction of
      ventilation was reversed, indicating many IPC have multiple endings. Eighteen of
      32 IPC had receptive fields extending at least 50% of the parabronchial length,
      which may explain the uniform reflex chemosensitivity to intrapulmonary CO2 noted
      by others.

PMID- 6441214
TI  - Effect of perinatal hypercapnia on the adult ventilatory response to carbon
      dioxide.
AB  - Burrowing mammals show a reduced ventilatory response to CO2 and CO2 retention.
      We examined whether this reduced responsiveness could be due to modification of
      chemoreceptors by persistent hypercapnia during development. Mice and rats were
      exposed to 6.0% CO2 throughout gestation and/or weaning and then removed to
      normocapnic air for a minimum of 6 weeks. Mouse gas pocket O2 and CO2 tensions
      and hematocrits were analyzed and compared with normocapnically raised controls.
      The ventilatory and blood gas and pH response to CO2 were compared in chronically
      cannulated test and control rats. Hematocrits and gas pocket CO2 and O2 tensions
      of mice and rat ventilatory and arterial blood CO2 and O2 tensions and pH
      responses were not different in test and control groups. There appears to be
      little or no developmental affect of CO2 suggesting that the reduced CO2 response
      seen in burrowers is genetically determined.

PMID- 6441215
TI  - Ventilation and respiratory gas exchanges of the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.) as
      functions of ambient PO2 (20-700 torr).
AB  - Ventilatory regulation of intact, unrestrained lugworms Arenicola marina living
      in glass-tube artificial burrows was examined for values of inspired seawater
      PO2, PIO2, from 20 to 700 torr, at constant ambient pH and PCO2 values. The water
      ventilation rate and the respiratory characteristics of the ventilated seawater
      were measured. The water convection requirement and the corresponding specific
      rates of O2 uptake and CO2 production were calculated. The mean ventilatory water
      flow was a complex function of PIO2: decrease in hyperoxia, increase in hypoxia,
      decrease in extreme hypoxia. Compared to the normoxic responses, hyperoxia led to
      a hypercapnia (and acidosis) and moderate hypoxia to a hypocapnia (and alkalosis)
      in the expired water, variations which presumably reflect blood acid-base balance
      changes. Thus, as in other water breathers, the regulation of the organism's
      oxygenation may override the regulation of its acid-base balance. The lugworm's
      oxygen exchanger is highly efficient. However, below a critical partial pressure,
      PIO2 ca 120 torr, values of O2 consumption and ventilation decreased. A second
      critical O2 partial pressure appeared at PIO2 values between 80 and 40 torr; a
      'switch-on' of anaerobic metabolism. These phenomena may be viewed as features of
      an adaptative respiratory strategy selected for in relation with the lugworm's
      particular peristaltic ventilatory mechanism and its intertidal mode of life.

PMID- 6441216
TI  - Increased metabolism contributes to increased resting ventilation at high
      altitude.
AB  - Ventilatory acclimation to high altitude results in an increase in total or
      minute ventilation, and is associated with a fall in alveolar PCO2, i.e. alveolar
      hyperventilation. However, the extent to which the increase in total ventilation
      is matched by a greater metabolic rate (VO2, VCO2) vs alveolar hyperventilation
      is unclear. We sought to determine the contribution of changes in metabolic rate
      to the increase in minute ventilation observed during exposure to high altitude.
      In 12 healthy male subjects taken from Denver, Colorado (1600 m) to Pikes Peak,
      Colorado (4300 m) for 5 days, resting minute ventilation increased from low to
      high altitude (+ 26% for the 5 days) and arterialized PCO2 fell. Resting
      metabolic rate increased 16% for the 5 days and could account for more than half
      of the increase in minute ventilation. Among subjects the increases in
      ventilation on days 1, 2 and 4 were positively correlated with increased CO2
      production; they were not correlated with arterial oxygen saturation on any day.
      During exercise at high altitude, PCO2 values were not different from those at
      rest and minute ventilation rose above low altitude values (+ 58% by day 5), but
      the increase could not be accounted for by an increased CO2 production. Thus at
      rest but not during exercise a substantial portion of the rise in minute
      ventilation could be attributed to increased metabolic rate.

PMID- 6441217
TI  - Ventilatory pressure loading at constant pulmonary FCO2 in Gallus domesticus.
AB  - Seven White Leghorn roosters were unidirectionally ventilated at constant flows
      and CO2 concentrations. The birds were awake and stood or crouched in a
      plethysmograph. A servo system clamped the pressure in the air sacs at constant
      values from -10 to +10 cm H2O in 2 cm H2O increments. Therefore, the animals
      could inflate or deflate the air sacs with breathing movements without affecting
      intrapulmonary pressures. Decreasing air sac pressure less than atmospheric
      caused inspiratory duration (TI), expiratory duration (TE), total period (TTOT)
      and tidal volume (VR) to decrease, and the ratio, TI/TE to increase. Increasing
      air sac pressures to 6 cm H2O above atmospheric caused, TE to increase, TI and
      TI/TE to decrease and VT and TTOT to change very little. After bilateral vagotomy
      air sac pressure changes caused little or no changes in TI, TE, TTOT or TI/TE,
      but produced percentage changes in VT similar to before vagotomy. Comparison of
      end expiratory volumes with apneic volumes (produced by lowering CO2 in the
      insulfating gas) over the range of air sac pressures clamped shows: (1) chickens
      actively exhale at pressures as low as -10 cm H2O, and (2) the change of mean air
      sac volume due to imposed pressure is less during breathing than during apnea.
      These findings, we believe, are due to a reflex initiated by mechanoreceptors
      with projections in the vagus nerves.

PMID- 6441218
TI  - CO2 elimination and airway opening pressure during high frequency oscillation in
      dogs.
AB  - CO2 elimination (VCO2) and pressure at the airway opening (Pao) were measured
      over a wide range of frequencies (f) (5-40 Hz) and tidal volumes (VT) (1-45 ml)
      during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) in 11 anesthetized, paralyzed
      dogs. CO2 elimination was found to depend primarily on the product off and VT
      which is consistent with theoretical predictions of gas exchange by augmented
      dispersion. Airway opening pressures during HFO were frequency dependent. At
      frequencies near 5 Hz Pao was lower, while at frequencies above 5 Hz Pao was
      higher than Pao during conventional mechanical ventilation (12 cm H2O). The
      minimum Pao (5 cm H2O) achieved while maintaining VCO2 equivalent to normal
      metabolic CO2 production occurred when VT was near that of the dead space volume
      and frequency was near 5 Hz. At lower VT, higher frequencies were required to
      maintain VCO2 and this increased frequency resulted in an increase in Pao
      amplitude (10-15 cm H2O).

PMID- 6441219
TI  - [Biosynthesis of lysine by Candida utilis].

PMID- 6441220
TI  - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome and monoclonal immunoglobulin].
AB  - Serum electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis were performed in 67 patients
      with Sjogren's syndrome. We found a monoclonal gammapathy in 11 cases: IgG (10
      cases) and IgM (1 case). 1 monoclonal gammapathy was detected in 2 of 21 patients
      with primary Sjogren's syndrome. All patients with monoclonal gammapathy were
      asymptomatic.

PMID- 6441221
TI  - [Transient monoclonal gammapathy and acute drug-induced hepatitis].

PMID- 6441222
TI  - Cellular immunity and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: failure to secrete
      lymphokines and gamma interferon.

PMID- 6441223
TI  - Cefonicid in a once-daily regimen for treatment of osteomyelitis in an ambulatory
      setting.
AB  - Fifteen patients with bone joint infections were treated with 1.0 g of cefonicid
      administered intravenously or intramuscularly once daily. Single organisms
      isolated included Staphylococcus aureus (from six patients), Staphylococcus
      epidermidis (three), and Peptococcus species (one). For four patients infection
      was polymicrobial, and for one patient no organism was isolated. The mean
      duration of therapy was 40.4 days, only 10.9 days of which were spent in the
      hospital. The remainder of therapy was administered intramuscularly in an
      ambulatory setting. Therapy was successful in all 12 assessable patients. No
      clinical or bacteriologic relapse occurred in the follow-up period of three to 13
      months. The occurrence of adverse effects prompted discontinuation of cefonicid
      therapy in three patients. Minimum savings in hospital-bed costs alone were
      $64,350, with 390 hospital days avoided. The minimum savings in work income were
      $10,010, with 182 days of absenteeism avoided. These data are preliminary but
      suggest efficacy of cefonicid in a mode of therapy that could have profound cost
      benefits.

PMID- 6441224
TI  - Single-dose treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea: a comparison of cefonicid and
      penicillin.
AB  - Cefonicid, a parenteral semisynthetic cephalosporin, achieves high and sustained
      serum levels in humans. Activity against strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
      including those that produce beta-lactamase, has been shown in vitro. The
      efficacy of 1.0 g of cefonicid was evaluated noncomparatively in 50 men with
      gonococcal urethritis; four failed to respond to treatment. Additionally, 57 men
      and 34 women received either 1.0 g of cefonicid or 4.8 X 10(6) units of procaine
      penicillin G plus 1.0 g of probenecid in a double-blind study. Among 17 men
      treated with penicillin, two failed to respond, and one failed among the 33
      patients treated with cefonicid. Seventeen women received 1.0 g of cefonicid, and
      all cervical infections were cured. Among those who received cefonicid, 13 had
      rectal infections; and four had positive cultures at follow-up four to seven days
      posttreatment. Among the 17 women receiving penicillin, none failed to respond to
      therapy; only seven had both cervical and rectal infection. Of the 116
      pretreatment and seven posttreatment isolates tested, 45 (37%) were inhibited by
      less than 0.0625 microgram of penicillin/ml and 121 (98%) were inhibited by less
      than 1.0 microgram/ml. Forty-one (33%) of the 123 isolates were inhibited by less
      than 0.0625 microgram of cefonicid/ml and 122 (99%) by less than 1.0 microgram of
      cefonicid/ml. The median MIC of cefonicid for the strains isolated from the women
      whose rectal infections were cured was 0.125 microgram/ml; that for the strains
      isolated from the women with rectal infections who failed to respond was 0.5
      microgram/ml. Administration of 1.0 g of cefonicid intramuscularly is effective
      therapy for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6441225
TI  - New drugs and clinical economics: analysis of cost effectiveness in the
      assessment of pharmaceutical innovations.
AB  - New drugs undergo rigorous clinical testing to determine their efficacy and
      adverse effects. However, seldom is the potential financial impact of a new drug
      carefully assessed before its introduction. Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness
      analyses provide methods of determining the effect of drugs and other services on
      costs of medical care. Methods of industrial engineering and cost accounting can
      be used to determine the additional cost of medical care associated with the
      drug; such cost finding provides more accurate economic data than does the use of
      hospital charges. This symposium includes two clinical economic studies of the
      potential effect of introducing a cephalosporin antibiotic that requires
      administration only once daily. Both studies estimate substantial savings in
      direct hospital expenditures.

PMID- 6441226
TI  - Economic analysis of a new drug: potential savings in hospital operating costs
      from the use of a once-daily regimen of a parenteral cephalosporin.
AB  - The introduction of a new drug requires clear demonstration of its clinical
      efficacy and documentation of its adverse effects, but economic consequences of
      the new drug generally receive less attention. A new cephalosporin antibiotic,
      cefonicid, can be administered parenterally once daily, rather than three or four
      times daily, which is required for conventional cephalosporins. Methods of
      industrial engineering and cost accounting were used to determine the potential
      savings in hospital operating costs that would be available by reducing the
      frequency of intravenous administration of cephalosporin antibiotics. The
      variable cost of administering parenteral cephalosporin antibiotics averaged
      $2.24 per dose, $0.95 of which was attributable to labor costs and $1.28 to the
      costs of materials. Given present patterns of cephalosporin use, at four study
      hospitals the average potential savings per day for patients receiving
      intravenous cephalosporins ranged from $3.72 to $7.23, with a weighted mean of
      $5.42. Estimated national savings in hospital operating costs that would occur
      with use of an intravenous cephalosporin administered once daily range from $85.1
      million to $115.4 million yearly.

PMID- 6441227
TI  - [Treatment of status asthmaticus. Prospective evaluation of a protocol combining
      aminophylline and terbutaline (44 cases)].
AB  - The treatment of status asthmaticus remains poorly defined. Even the definition
      of the condition is controversial. We have therefore attempted to define a
      therapeutic protocol consisting of a combination of terbutaline, aminophylline
      and hydrocortisone administered parenterally. We have conducted a prospective
      evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of this protocol. 44 consecutive
      patients with status asthmaticus (defined as an abnormally severe episode of
      asthma with early or marked alveolar hypoventilation: PaCO2 greater than or equal
      to 5.20 kPa) were entered into the study over a period of 56 months. The
      effectiveness of this combination is reflected by the rapid improvement in the
      clinical and blood gas parameters, the relatively rare use of mechanical
      ventilation (of brief duration) and the low mortality. The tolerance proved to be
      excellent, as the terbutaline only had to be stopped in 1 case (permanently) and
      the aminophylline in one other case (temporarily). These initial results
      encourage us to a more aggressive approach in the early treatment of status
      asthmaticus with particular attention to the associated metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 6441228
TI  - Factors involved in the physiological regulation of the cerebral circulation.

PMID- 6441229
TI  - Anti-Rh32 causing severe hemolytic disease of the newborn.
AB  - A case of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Rh32 (R = N) is
      described. The infant recovered without any evidence of neurologic defects,
      following one exchange transfusion and phototherapy. Using commercial antisera,
      very weak reactions with anti-Rh2(C) and apparently normal reactions with anti
      Rh5(e) were found in the family members carrying the R = N gene complex. However
      titrations with individual antisera revealed a weakened expression of the Rh5(e)
      antigen, albeit to a lesser extent than the Rh2(C). It is felt that the serologic
      findings are due to the fact that the R = N haplotype was paired with an Rh gene
      carrying normal amounts of Rh4(c) and Rh5(e) antigens. In addition, the maternal
      anti-Rh32 appears to be pure.

PMID- 6441230
TI  - Biosynthesis of immunoglobulins: immunogenetics revisited by molecular genetics.

PMID- 6441231
TI  - Idiotypy of anti-Rh antibodies.
AB  - Anti-id sera to Rh antibodies were produced by injecting rabbits with purified Rh
      antibodies. These sera were shown to agglutinate O Rh+ RBC coated by the
      immunizing antibody and--in some cases--by other anti-D antibodies. Id and cross
      reactive id were shown to be located in the antigen-binding and in the non
      antigen binding regions of Rh antibodies. An unique example of evolution of
      idiotypic specificities on human antibodies has been reported. Lastly, we have
      demonstrated by rosette assay, presence on some PBL of receptors for Fab'2 anti
      Rh coating O Rh+ red cells. Rosettes could not be obtained with lymphocytes of a
      donor and Fab'2 anti-Rh of another individual. Rosettes appeared at a period of
      time in which the amount of antibody was decreasing.

PMID- 6441232
TI  - [Serological survey of the prevalence of Chagas' infection in Brazil, 1975/1980].

PMID- 6441233
TI  - Evaluation of heart isoferritins in serum using specific monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6441234
TI  - Antithrombin III modifications in respiratory failure due to advanced chronic
      obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 6441235
TI  - Cryoprecipitate and Factor VIII commercial concentrates: in vitro characteristics
      and in vivo compartmental analysis.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo characteristics of cryoprecipitates and three commercial
      factor VIII concentrates (Kryobulin, Hemofil and Koate) were comparatively
      studied. Factor VIII:C/VIIIR:Ag ratio was very low in all commercial concentrates
      without differences among them. Conversely, the decrease of factor VIIIR:WFRCof
      was proportional to the degree of purity. Factor VIII:C/VIIIR:WFRCof ratio was
      shown to be a reliable index of factor VIII complex denaturation. Crossed
      electroimmunoassay showed a faster migration of factor VIIIR:Ag only in
      commercial concentrates. Using a two-compartmental open model that accounts for
      endogenous synthesis of factor VIII:C, single-dose kinetics of factor VIII:C were
      studied in 23 patients with classic hemophilia. Good agreement between measured
      and fitted values of factor VIII:C plasma concentration was observed. beta half
      life was shorter in high purity concentrates and longer in intermediate purity
      concentrates and cryoprecipitates.

PMID- 6441236
TI  - Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Erythromycin base and phenoxymethyl
      penicillin (penicillin V).
AB  - One hundred patients with acute maxillary sinusitis have been studied. The
      diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically, using a
      roentgenological 6-point score for mucous membrane thickening and secretion.
      Fifty patients in each group were treated with either erythromycin base or
      phenoxymethyl-penicillin (penicillin V). The roentgenological state of each sinus
      was classified on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day, giving an objective
      evaluation of the treatment effect. There was no significant difference between
      the two treatment modes as to therapeutic outcome, and the results are compared
      with those of a larger material of 1220 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis
      studied in the same way at Lundby Hospital since 1970 (25 different treatment
      modes).

PMID- 6441237
TI  - [The effect of CoQ10 administration for the myocardial protection of coronary
      perfusion with cold lactated Ringer's solution plus mannitol].

PMID- 6441238
TI  - [Combined therapy of nitroglycerin and nifedipine in myocardial
      revascularization].

PMID- 6441239
TI  - [Prenatal treatment of severe fetomaternal blood group incompatibilities].

PMID- 6441240
TI  - Secretion of basal gonadotropins after LRH decapeptide and tripeptide.
      Stimulation in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
AB  - Sixteen females with pubertary delay of the isolated hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism type (mean age 19 years, age range 14-25 years) were studied by
      radioimmunoassay of LH and FSH. The mean values +/- SE were compared to the
      values obtained from 10 girls in the B 5 Tanner stage and 15 normal adult women
      investigated on the 14th and 21st day of their ovarian cycle. Two females were
      given the LRH decapeptide and LRH-LA tripeptide stimulation test. In one case the
      daily variations of circulating serum LH and FSH were followed up. The
      fluctuations found suggest an ovarian rhythm which is present in the normal adult
      woman.

PMID- 6441241
TI  - A detailed study of gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in women after
      castration.

PMID- 6441242
TI  - [Vaginal cytology and hormone status in women with climacteric syndrome].

PMID- 6441243
TI  - A case of "acute" Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6441244
TI  - Accumulation of drugs on inner ear melanin. Therapeutic and ototoxic mechanisms.
AB  - The aim of this study was to obtain more information about the possible role of
      melanin in the hearing process and to investigate the ototoxic and therapeutic
      effects of certain drugs with known affinity to this pigment. In order to obtain
      hearing threshold curves, young albino and pigmented guinea pigs were tested by
      N1-electrocochleography. There were no significant differences between the curves
      for the two strains, indicating that melanin has no major influence on the
      hearing process in young guinea pigs under normal conditions at thresholds. The
      acute and long-term ototoxic effect of kanamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic
      capable of accumulating on melanin in vitro, was studied in albino and pigmented
      guinea pigs by electrophysiological and morphological methods. In the highest
      dose used, 200 mg/kg/day, kanamycin caused significantly more damage in the
      pigmented guinea pigs than in the albino ones. To elucidate the possible role of
      melanin affinity in pharmacological treatment of tinnitus and the site of action
      of lidocaine and tocainide, nine patients with disabling tinnitus were treated
      with lidocaine, QX-572 (a quaternary derivative of lidocaine which does not
      readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier) and tocainide (an amine analogue of
      lidocaine which can be taken orally). In six patients all three substances had a
      beneficial effect, but in the remaining three patients none of them produced any
      response. Autoradiographic studies in rats, both in vivo and in vitro, showed
      that all three substances accumulated on inner ear melanin. Auditory brainstem
      evoked responses (ABRs) were measured in 10 healthy male subjects after single
      dose injections of the respective drugs, in doses normally reducing tinnitus in
      sensitive patients. Neither drug produced any significant change in ABR. The
      results of these studies support a hypothesis that accumulation of drugs on inner
      ear melanin can constitute both an ototoxic and a therapeutic mechanism.

PMID- 6441245
TI  - Electron microscope studies of attachment to human fallopian tube mucosa by a
      gonococcal IgA1 protease deficient mutant and wild type parent.
AB  - Organ cultures of human fallopian tube were used to assess the potential role of
      gonococcal IgA1 protease in infection of mucosal tissue. A genetically cloned
      IgA1 protease deficient mutant and its wild type parent were used to infect
      fallopian tube organ cultures. The comparative rate and extent of attachment,
      invasion and damage to the organ cultures by the gonococcal mutant and its parent
      type were assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and
      determined to be indistinguishable from one another. These results indicate that
      the lack of IgA1 protease does not compromise the gonococcus in its ability to
      infect previously uninfected human fallopian tube mucosa.

PMID- 6441246
TI  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients
      with Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis).
AB  - Sixteen patients with Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis, AS) were
      investigated. All except one of the patients were HLA B27-positive. Peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from the patients were examined for spontaneous cytotoxicity
      against 51Cr-labelled K562 target cells. The cytotoxicity index of the non-T
      lymphocytes was negatively correlated with the serum CRP concentration (Pearson's
      r = 0.613, p less than 0.02). This finding seems to be caused by an alteration of
      the natural killer (NK) cell activity of the non-T lymphocytes during the active
      phase of the disease and not due to serum factors. The activity of the non-T cell
      fraction was slightly but not significantly reduced in patients with high disease
      activity (CRP greater than 0.01 g/l) compared with normal controls, (14.6 +/- 2.8
      g/l versus 20.4 +/- 2.4 g/l mean +/- SE; p less than 0.10) Serum IgG and IgA
      concentrations were increased (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05
      respectively) Interferon caused normal augmentation in the NK cell activity in AS
      patients, and no correlation was found between serum gamma interferon titres and
      the NK cell activity.

PMID- 6441247
TI  - IgA deficiency during aurothioglucose treatment. A case report.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis developed a selective
      IgA deficiency during aurothioglucose treatment. No antibodies against IgA were
      detectable in the serum; normal numbers of IgA, IgG and IgM positive cells were
      demonstrated by immunofluorescence studies on a biopsy specimen from the small
      intestine. These data would suggest a defect in IgA secretion rather than in
      production by plasma cells.

PMID- 6441248
TI  - The relationship between aurothioglucose- and D-penicillamine-induced
      proteinuria.
AB  - We studied patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated with
      aurothioglucose (Au) and subsequently with D-penicillamine (DP), and who
      developed drug-induced proteinuria, over a 10-year period. Twelve patients
      developed Au-induced and 19 DP-induced proteinuria. Of the 12 patients with Au
      induced proteinuria, only 2 (17%) developed DP-induced proteinuria, indicating a
      slightly increased risk as compared with the overall incidence (9.3%) of this
      reaction in 168 DP-treated patients. In addition, only a minority (2 out of 19,
      10.6%) of patients with DP-induced proteinuria had previous Au-induced
      proteinuria. These data may indicate that different mechanisms are operative in
      Au and DP-induced proteinuria, as is also suggested by the finding that HLA-DR3
      was present more frequently in the latter (50%) than in the former (21%). A
      history of previous Au-induced proteinuria is insufficient reason to deny these
      patients the benefits of subsequent treatment with DP.

PMID- 6441249
TI  - [Pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism].
AB  - Massive pulmonary embolism causes an acute pressure overload for the right
      ventricle associated with a drop in cardiac output leading, if untreated, to
      cardiogenic shock. Main symptoms of acute pulmonary embolism comprise dyspnea,
      hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypotension and cyanosis, which are the
      consequences of tissue hypoxia caused by hypoperfusion. Mild to moderate arterial
      hypoxemia, which is observed in most of the cases, can be explained by
      intrapulmonary venous admixture.

PMID- 6441250
TI  - Children and the elderly in the U.S.

PMID- 6441251
TI  - [Sonography in extensive juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum].
AB  - The ultrasonic appearance of a juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum as a
      pancreatic pseudo-mass is the subject of the discussion. An attempt is made to
      explain the homogeneous, echo-poor and solid aspect--even after rescanning
      through the fluid-filled stomach and duodenum and to correlate it with the
      diverticula's histological layers. The ERCP is the method of choice to examine
      the diverticula's inner wall and to investigate at the same time the frequently
      involved biliary tract and pancreatic diseases.

PMID- 6441252
TI  - Studies on the mung bean trypsin inhibitor--reduction and reoxidation of the
      disulfide bonds of the Lys active fragment.
AB  - Two peptide chains A1 and A2 of the Lys active fragment, linked via a couple of
      inter-disulfide bonds, could be separated from each other after reduction with
      dithiothreitol and gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Reoxidation of the reduced
      peptide chain A1 resulted in recovering the inhibitory activity with 25% yield,
      based on the original activity of the Lys fragment. The A1 active fragment was
      further purified by affinity chromatography with immobilized trypsin. Sephadex G
      25 gel filtration produced two forms of the A1 active fragment, the major
      fraction being a monomer and the minor one being a dimer with lower activity. The
      results obtained offered evidence of the evolution of mung bean inhibitor from an
      ancestral single-headed inhibitor by fused gene duplication with A2 as a
      connecting peptide. The CD spectra of the Lys fragment and the reoxidized peptide
      chain A1 were also compared.

PMID- 6441253
TI  - Pollutants in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). I. Organochlorines.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1978, 248 harp seals were sampled from 5 locations in the
      Northwest Atlantic and Arctic for organochlorine (OC) residue analysis in tissue.
      Blood, kidney, brain, muscle and blubber samples were analysed for PCB, DDT,
      dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and heptachlor epoxide. Levels were generally
      greatest in blubber tissue. Overall, mean levels of DDT and PCB were greater than
      those of other OC. A barrier prevented OC compounds from accumulating in the
      brain to the level one might expect in lipid tissues. Positive correlations were
      found between 1: DDT and PCB, 2: DDT and dieldrin, and 3: PCB and deildrin. Male
      harp seals bioaccumulated DDT, PCB, heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin with age. As
      a group, adult males sampled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence carried the highest
      concentrations of all OC, except that chlordane did not appear to bioaccumulate
      and levels of hexachlorobenzene were minimal. Females generally ceased exhibiting
      significant bioaccumulation once breeding age was reached, due to transplacental
      and transmammary residue transfer of OC from mother to pup. There were some
      significant differences in OC levels between locations with DDT: Gulf greater
      than Front; PCB: Gulf greater than Front; dieldrin: Gulf greater than Front;
      heptachlor epoxide: Front greater than Gulf. No significant differences were
      found, however, when northern locations (Grise Fiord, Northwest Greenland,
      Pangnirtung) were compared to southern (Gulf, Front) on a group basis. The latter
      is not surprising in view of the harp seals extensive cyclical annual migration
      between the southern breeding grounds and the High Arctic.

PMID- 6441254
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - NANB hepatitis, almost certainly a syndrome due to several different viral
      agents, with different incubation periods and routes of transmission, has emerged
      as the predominant form of PTH and a major cause of chronic liver disease in
      developed countries. Pending isolation and characterization of the agents, much
      of our knowledge remains inferential, and basic virologic studies thus command
      the highest priority among investigations of this disease.

PMID- 6441255
TI  - Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6441256
TI  - Economic evaluation of health care interventions: a review of alternative
      methods.
AB  - This study analyzes a number of economic evaluation techniques that can be used
      by the economist in helping decision-makers make choices about the allocation of
      scarce resources in health care and the organization of health interventions. The
      evaluation techniques discussed are cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness
      analysis, multi-attribute problem analysis, linear programming and econometric
      modelling. The main purpose of this paper is to study the merits of the different
      techniques and to point at certain difficulties in their application.

PMID- 6441257
TI  - Theoretical and empirical issues in benefit identification, measurement and
      valuation related to parasitic disease control in poor countries.
AB  - Considerable resources have been allocated over the years to parasitic disease
      eradication or control, e.g. malaria and schistosomiasis. Decision-makers in
      recent years have increasingly appealed to economists seeking an economic
      justification in order to continue or renew support for such programmatic
      efforts. Often economists when facing such an analytical task have employed
      benefit-cost or cost-effectiveness analytical techniques. This paper reviews the
      theoretical and empirical rationale employed in the conduct of such studies,
      focusing particularly on the benefits or impact indicators used. The review
      identifies many problems encountered in identifying benefits, and then measuring
      and valuing them.

PMID- 6441258
TI  - Selected economic issues in helminth control.
AB  - This paper examines four main economic issues in the formulation of helminth
      control policies: whether, what, how and with whose resources to control
      helminthiasis. The paper argues that (i) although helminth control would have a
      negligible impact on mortality, its nutrition-mediated effects on improved labor
      productivity and intellectual performance may be significant; (ii) that reduction
      of helminth disease rather than infection should be the target of control policy,
      although the preferred intervention may still be eradication rather than
      continuous control; and (iii) that although the case for public subsidy of
      helminth control interventions is strong, the existence of serious fiscal
      constraints and some evidence of private willingness-to-pay for anthelminthic
      chemotherapy indicates a potential for partial cost recovery which should be
      explored.

PMID- 6441259
TI  - Methods to evaluate nutritional and economic implications of Ascaris infection.
AB  - Ascaris infection has important economic implications for human populations, due
      to its negative effects on growth of undernourished children and its less common
      role in causing intestinal obstruction. The deleterious effects of Ascaris
      infection on growth of undernourished children have been demonstrated in studies
      conducted in India, Kenya and Tanzania; deworming has resulted in improved weight
      gains of 20-35% compared with uninfected children. However other studies in
      Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Guatemala have not found statistically significant
      improvements in growth of children after treatment for Ascaris infection, most
      likely due to inadequacies in choice of population, sample size, experimental
      design, data analysis and/or relative failure of drug treatment. Field studies
      which attempt to measure the magnitude of growth deficits due to Ascaris must
      take the following into account: (1) rapidly growing preschool age children from
      communities with a high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition are the most
      important group to study. (2) A longitudinal design, preferably using randomly
      allocated treatment and placebo groups, is highly desirable. (3) A sufficient
      period of time for growth improvement must be allowed between the beginning of
      the intervention and final measurements. (4) The sample sizes necessary to test
      hypotheses adequately should be calculated in advance. (5) The drug chosen for
      treatment of Ascaris should produce high cure rates and reinfection rates should
      be determined. Possible effects of the drug on other diseases prevalent in the
      population should be considered in the data analysis. (6) Evaluation of worm
      loads are very important in interpretation of results. (7) The data analysis must
      be appropriate for the individual study and must be designed to consider
      confounding factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441260
TI  - Cost-effectiveness analysis of echinococcosis-hydatidosis eradication project in
      Sardinia.
AB  - In this study we attempt to evaluate the convenience of a campaign to eradicate
      the echinococcosis in Sardinia vs a 'do-nothing' or do-very-little policy adopted
      at this time. The main conditions which have to be met in setting up the
      eradication programme are identified as follows: (a) precise knowledge of the
      real diffusion of the parasitosis in man and animals; (b) eradication project
      control (action research); (c) health education; (d) reduction of stray canine
      population; (e) anthelmintics distribution and permanent health control to
      registered dogs. In Italy, echinococcosis-hydatidosis is present in many regions
      but in none has reached the diffusion rate present in Sardinia where over 200
      patients per year are surgically treated, with a prevalence rate of 13.32 per
      100,000 inhabitants. The disease does not spare any social or age group. The
      economic aspects of hydatidosis involve losses due both to human and to livestock
      resources, evaluated in monetary or non-monetary terms, according to
      circumstances. As a method to evaluate the human life has been assumed the years
      gained related to the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL). Several Net Present
      Values (NPV) have been calculated under alternative discount rates inclusive of
      the Internal Rate of Return (IRR).

PMID- 6441261
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of different ways of controlling intestinal schistosomiasis: a
      case study.
AB  - Intestinal schistosomiasis is highly prevalent among the labourers and their
      families in many of the miners' villages in Maniema, Zaire. Following treatment,
      a quick re-infection can be observed if no measures are taken to reduce
      transmission. It is shown that the rate of re-infection is reduced when the water
      bodies around an endemic village are properly molluscicided. When, in addition to
      chemotherapy, a strategy of focal mollusciciding was adopted beneficial effects
      were visible 12 months after treatment but no longer at 20 months. In view of the
      comparatively small size of the human populations in the endemic villages, and
      due to the extent and the variety of the snail-infested water bodies,
      chemotherapy only, without additional measures, would seem to be the most cost
      effective type of control, under the prevailing conditions. This conclusion
      should be revised when long term health-planning could be effectively envisaged
      for the area.

PMID- 6441262
TI  - Cost and performance of malaria surveillance in Thailand.
AB  - Some results are presented from a study to determine the costs and performance of
      the antiparasite elements of the malaria disease control programme in Thailand.
      Issues examined in the paper are the concept of cost-effectiveness and its
      relevance in evaluating health care processes, procedures for measuring the
      performance of malaria surveillance and monitoring processes and procedures for
      measuring costs. Some data on the costs and the performance of operational
      services and control activities in two malaria zones are presented and the paper
      closes by considering how health economics research can be stimulated and
      supported in developing countries. It is argued that the cost-effectiveness of
      malaria surveillance and monitoring processes (and probably many other health
      care processes) can not be measured retrospectively. In the case of malaria
      control the effectiveness of each operational services can not be compared
      because services provided are interactive and complementary rather than
      alternatives. In addition the targets set and levels of effectiveness achieved
      may not be the same for these complementary processes. Procedures developed for
      measuring the performance and costs of malaria operational services and
      activities are described. Five types of measurement are used to evaluate the
      performance of the operational services and activities; effectiveness (%); time
      (days); performance (%); and efficiency (cost/unit). Actual expenditure on
      malaria operational services and activities is not known since all expenditure of
      government departments in Thailand is recorded under nine budget headings. Budget
      expenditure at division, region and zone levels must therefore be apportioned to
      assess the costs of operational services and activities. Since a variety of
      criteria may legitimately be used to apportion costs at each level, a network
      technique was developed which allows examination of the effect of all possible
      combinations of criteria. By this means the maximum, minimum and most appropriate
      costs are determined. Examples of the costs and performance of surveillance
      operational services and activities in two zones are presented. Data illustrates
      the outcomes from the procedures developed and indicates how malaria disease
      control managers might interpret and use the information obtained. The paper
      closes with some observations on how health economics research in developing
      countries could be better stimulated and supported through staff development
      programmes and through supervised 'on the job' training.

PMID- 6441263
TI  - Costs of training and maintenance of expert man-power vs costs of drugs.
      Priorities in the field of helminthic diseases in developing countries.
AB  - In developing countries, prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases present
      not only a challenge to the health services but also a test case to the
      efficiency of health education in general. In these countries, medical schools
      have started and continue to function on a Western pattern of medical education.
      This may have well served the provision of hospital-based services on a well
      tested scientific and professional tradition. The system is, however,
      inappropriate when it comes to the provision of preventive care and mass
      treatment, and to the introduction of adaptational and developmental changes
      which are constantly needed in developing countries as well on the health service
      as on the educational side. As a consequence the whole enterprise is in danger of
      becoming increasingly irrelevant and insufficient. The fact that both health
      services and medical curricula are at present seriously questioned in developed
      countries as well, lends an even greater importance to their re-assessment and
      adaptation in developing countries.

PMID- 6441264
TI  - The economics of parasitic diseases: research priorities.
AB  - Parasitic diseases are primarily diseases of poverty. At serious risk are
      individuals, communities and countries least able to afford the costs of
      treatment or prevention. In turn, economic development projects which aim to
      increase income levels may lead to negative results because of increased
      transmission of parasitic diseases often results. In attempting to analyse the
      economic consequences of parasitic diseases and the economics of their control,
      economists have usually relied on the tools of cost-benefit analysis, cost
      effectiveness analysis and financial analysis. These efforts are briefly reviewed
      in the paper. The results have been subject to considerable criticism because of
      conceptual and methodological problems. For example, most studies have not taken
      into account the epidemiology and natural history of the disease in estimating
      the associated economic losses, thereby leading to inappropriate conclusions. The
      UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical
      Diseases through its Social and Economic Research Scientific Working Group (SER
      SWG) is promoting research on the economics of parasitic diseases. In an attempt
      to improve the usefulness and reliability of such studies, conceptual and
      methodological approaches have been suggested which are reported on here. To
      improve the research design of these projects, a conceptual framework is proposed
      which consists of four components: (1) baseline social, cultural and economic
      conditions influencing disease transmission; (2) resources already invested in
      the health system and investments in other related sectors such as agriculture,
      housing, water supply and sanitation; (3) health consequences resulting from (1)
      and (2); and (4) social and economic consequences resulting from (3). A key
      concern in relation to the framework is to determine the most useful basis for
      linking results from studies of one component to another so as to analyse more
      systematically the impacts of disease on individuals and society. Such studies
      are inherently interdisciplinary and close collaboration of economists with
      medical scientists and disease control programme staff is needed to ensure
      completeness and reliability of input data and results. Results from these
      studies could be used to inform national decision-makers about the social and
      economic consequences of the parasitic diseases and their control and, thus,
      should strengthen support for increased investment to reduce the parasitic
      disease burden in developing countries.

PMID- 6441266
TI  - Studies on the glomerular filtration rate and extracellular fluid volume in
      rhesus monkeys infected with Plasmodium knowlesi.
AB  - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the extracellular fluid volume (ECV)
      were determined in 5 rhesus monkeys infected with P. knowlesi in comparison with
      6 control monkeys by using 51Cr-EDTA. As the disappearance curve of the
      radioactivity showed a close fit to a double exponential equation, the data was
      therefore analysed by an open 2-compartment system. Results in the present study
      showed that the GFR was significantly reduced in the infected group. Both V1 and
      V2 were also slightly but not significantly decreased which resulted in the lower
      ECV in monkeys infected with P. knowlesi. As the GFR was reduced much more than
      ECV, therefore the mean transit time of 51Cr-EDTA in the infected group was
      longer than that of the normal group. All other intercompartment clearance and
      fractional transfer rate constants were also found to be lower in the infected
      group. These findings indicated that there was a delay in the distribution of
      51Cr-EDTA between these 2 compartments in monkeys infected with P. knowlesi
      malaria.

PMID- 6441265
TI  - Rifampicin-erythromycin combination for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in
      men.
AB  - A total of 184 men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with a
      single oral dose of rifampicin 900 mg and erythromycin stearate 1 gm. The cure
      rate on day 3 was 95.1%, 175 were cured and 9 failed (4.9%). Of all the Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae isolated, 86 were PPNG (46.7%). There was no difference in failure
      rate among patients with PPNG or with non-PPNG. With the exception of self
      limited gastrointestinal disturbance, side effects were minimal. The value of
      this combination for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in men
      is promising and deserves further study.

PMID- 6441267
TI  - Scrub typhus and chiggers in northern Thailand.
AB  - It was reconfirmed that L. deliense was the most dominant chigger during the
      rainy season in northern Thailand. Overall prevalence of IgG antibody against R.
      tsutsugamushi among the rural villagers in the northern most part of Thailand was
      nearly 60% at the level over 1 : 10 by an indirect immunofluorescent test. The
      level of IgG and IgM antibody titers was considerably high as greater than or
      equal to 1 : 2560 in some sera, but did not markedly vary by age groups or sexes.
      Based on detection of IgM antibody, the probability of new or reinfections were
      considered.

PMID- 6441268
TI  - [The laser scalpel in operations on the common bile duct].

PMID- 6441269
TI  - [1st case of megaesophagus with positive Trypanosoma cruzi serology].

PMID- 6441270
TI  - [Advances in technology--advances in medicine?].

PMID- 6441271
TI  - [Gerontosurgery on the biliary tract].

PMID- 6441272
TI  - Immunodiffusion studies on the antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum: comparison of
      mycelial histoplasmin with the yeast phase reagent Histolyn-CYL.
AB  - Immunodiffusion assays were performed to determine if H and M antigens associated
      with mycelial histoplasmin were present in the yeast phase reagent, Histolyn-CYL
      (H-CYL). Neither H nor M antigens could be detected in H-CYL. However, when H-CYL
      was reacted against human histoplasmal sera a positive reaction was evidenced in
      all instances in which a response was elicited with a reference mycelial
      immunodiffusion reagent.

PMID- 6441273
TI  - Moxalactam treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in women.
AB  - The efficacy of a 1-g dose of moxalactam was evaluated in the treatment of
      uncomplicated gonorrhea in women. Of 100 infected women, 96 had negative cultures
      after treatment. Two of the four who were not cured may have been reinfected,
      while therapy appeared to have failed in the other two. The MICs of moxalactam
      and penicillin were less than 1 microgram/ml for 100% and less than 0.06
      micrograms/ml for 90% of the 115 pre- and post-treatment isolates tested.
      Moxalactam appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of uncomplicated
      gonorrhea in women. All of four white women and one of seven black women with
      pharyngeal gonorrhea gave a history of fellatio. Among those without pharyngeal
      gonorrhea, 20 of 35 white women and 15 of 111 black women gave such a history.
      Thus, a history of fellatio may not adequately predict which patients are at risk
      of pharyngeal gonorrhea, especially for black women.

PMID- 6441274
TI  - In vitro inhibition of growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Neisseria meningitidis
      isolated from the pharynx of homosexual men.
AB  - Despite the high prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea and of meningococcal carriage
      among homosexual men, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are rarely
      co-isolated from the throat. Forty-seven meningococcal isolates from the pharynx
      of homosexual men were examined, by a lawn-spotting method, for their ability to
      inhibit N. gonorrhoeae in vitro. Eight (17%) of the meningococcal isolates were
      inhibitory when tested against gonococci from the same patient, while 31 (66%)
      were inhibitory when tested against N. gonorrhoeae strain 650 (T1). The colonial
      type T1 of a given strain was, in all cases tested, more sensitive to the
      inhibitory activities than the corresponding T4 type. Since the meningococci co
      isolated from the throat with gonococci were at least as inhibitory in vitro as
      those isolated without gonococci, the natural resistance to gonococcal
      pharyngitis cannot be explained on the basis of the inhibitory activities
      produced by the meningococci in vitro. The inhibitory strains of N. meningitidis
      were identified in decreasing importance as: nonserogroupable, W135, C, B, 29E,
      and X. The addition of trypsin to the solid medium removed the inhibition
      produced by the meningococci, an observation suggesting the involvement of
      protein inhibitors.

PMID- 6441275
TI  - Urine as a holding medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - An earlier technique for culturing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from uncentrifuged
      first-voided urine from males demonstrated a sensitivity of 92-99% as compared
      with the gram stain of urethral exudate and the urethral swab culture. In this
      study the utility of urine as a holding medium for N. gonorrhoeae was tested.
      Determination of a reliable minimal survival time for N. gonorrhoeae in urine was
      made by collection of 2-60 ml of first-voided urine prior to treatment from 97
      men known to have genitourinary gonorrhea. The urine specimens were held at room
      temperature (approximately 22 C), while separate modified Thayer-Martin culture
      plates were inoculated from each specimen immediately after collection and at
      carefully timed intervals up to 48 hr afterward. N. gonorrhoeae was recovered
      from 95% of the urine specimens for up to 12 hr after the specimens were
      collected.

PMID- 6441276
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cefuroxime, penicillin, and
      tetracycline in Denmark-1979.
AB  - In vitro susceptibility to cefuroxime, penicillin, and tetracycline of 963
      strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Denmark in 1979 was tested.
      If penicillinase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae were excluded from the
      analysis, a significant positive correlation between the 50% inhibitory
      concentrations (IC50) of cefuroxime and penicillin was observed (r = 0.87). Among
      strains exhibiting IC50 of penicillin of greater than or equal to 0.30
      microgram/ml, 80% (106/133) had an IC50 of cefuroxime of greater than or equal to
      0.088. Ninety-six per cent (106/110) of strains exhibiting an IC50 of cefuroxime
      of greater than or equal to 0.088 microgram/ml were less susceptible to
      penicillin (IC50, greater than or equal to 0.30 microgram/ml). The IC50 values of
      tetracycline were positively correlated with those of cefuroxime. There was no
      apparent difference between the level of antimicrobial susceptibility of strains
      (623) isolated from urogenital sites and that of strains (109) from the pharynx.

PMID- 6441277
TI  - Single-site infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in homosexual men.
AB  - To determine need to culture multiple anatomic sites of homosexual men, we
      examined 1803 cultures from 791 men who had positive cultures for Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae from one or more sites. The men were examined during fiscal year 1982
      at a health center that serves the gay community. Not included are 184 patients
      who had positive cultures from the only site tested. Of the 607 patients cultured
      from two or more anatomic sites, 34 (5.6%) had cultures positive for N.
      gonorrhoeae from each site, and 492 (81.1%) had N. gonorrhoeae isolated from one
      site only. Of these 492 patients, 36 (7.3%) had positive cultures from the
      oropharynx only, 232 (47.2%) from the urethra only, and 224 (45.5%) from the anal
      canal only. Of 405 patients cultured from the urethra, anal canal, and
      oropharynx, 92 (22.7%) had N. gonorrhoeae at two or more sites; 313 (77.3%) had
      the organism at one site only. Of 84 patients cultured from the anal canal and
      oropharynx only, 11 (13.1%) had positive cultures from the oropharynx and
      negative cultures from the anal canal. Since it is highly improbable that the
      infected site will be selected if only one site is cultured, routine culturing of
      the urethra, anal canal, and oropharynx of homosexual men is necessary for
      accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 6441278
TI  - Introductory address: resistance to antimicrobial agents. What next for Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae?
AB  - The development of gonococcal resistance to antimicrobial agents, attributable to
      either chromosomal mutation or to the acquisition of plasmid-mediated penicillin
      resistance, has been a significant trend of the past several decades. Decreased
      susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to therapeutically effective antibiotics,
      such as spectinomycin and some cephalosporins, has also been reported. Thus, the
      monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is critical to determine whether
      particular treatment regimens will be effective in a given geographic area. The
      association between auxotype and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents has often
      been overlooked as a rationale for changes in susceptibility patterns. For
      example, the dramatic increase in the prevalence of the Pro-,Cit-,Ura- auxotype
      in Canada since 1973 has been associated with an increase in penicillin-resistant
      isolates. The association between auxotype and plasmid carriage may also
      indirectly play a role in resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to antibiotics. Finally,
      the possibility that new plasmid-determined resistances may be acquired by N.
      gonorrhoeae from species of Haemophilus is reviewed.

PMID- 6441279
TI  - In-vitro susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to thiamphenicol: results for
      selected groups of strains from different geographic areas and from different
      times.
AB  - The aim of this study was both to investigate the in-vitro susceptibility to
      thiamphenicol of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated at different times in
      different geographic areas and to compare results of susceptibility testing by
      the agar-dilution method with those of an agar disk-diffusion test. For 209
      strains studied, a strong correlation between MIC values and zone diameters could
      be demonstrated (Spearman Rank correlation coefficient, -0.77; P less than
      0.0005). The total material consisted of 727 selected gonococcal strains: 184
      from Denmark (1928-1982), 55 from Africa (1960-1966), 47 from France (1981-1982),
      236 from Greenland (1982), and 205 from Indonesia (1982). Danish strains from the
      preantibiotic era (1928-1940) were all susceptible to less than or equal to 1.0
      microgram of thiamphenicol/ml. In 1982, the less susceptible strains (MIC,
      greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml; or zone diameter, less than or equal to
      45 mm) accounted for 5% (Denmark), 28% (Greenland), 28% (France), and 82%
      (Indonesia), respectively. All non-penicillinase-producing strains of N.
      gonorrhoeae that were less susceptible to thiamphenicol were also less
      susceptible to penicillin (MIC, greater than or equal to 0.6 microgram/ml).

PMID- 6441280
TI  - Plasmid patterns and in-vitro susceptibility of penicillinase-producing Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae with emphasis on thiamphenicol: results of surveillance in The
      Netherlands.
AB  - Susceptibility to thiamphenicol was tested, and plasmids were characterized for
      1925 strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolated in
      The Netherlands in 1981 and 1982. Of the 1925 isolates, 771 harbored the so
      called "Asia" (4.5-megadalton) resistance plasmid and 1154 had the so called
      "Africa" (3.2-megadalton) plasmid. Isolates in the first group were usually
      inhibited by 0.25 microgram of thiamphenicol ml, while the MIC for the latter
      isolates was 1-2 micrograms/ml. A similar bimodal distribution of MICs has been
      observed for non-PPNG isolates. In the period covering this study, a substantial
      shift from predominance of the "Africa" type to that of the "Asia" type of N.
      gonorrhoeae was observed.

PMID- 6441281
TI  - Treatment of gonorrhea with single-dose thiamphenicol in Kenya.
AB  - The efficacy of a single 2.5-g dose of thiamphenicol against infection with
      penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) or non
      penicillinase-producing strains (non-PPNG) was studied in a two-phase clinical
      trial in Nairobi. The first phase included men who had had a urethral discharge
      for less than seven days, were infected with either PPNG or non-PPNG, and had not
      received previous treatment. The second phase included men with PPNG infections
      that had not responded to treatment with penicillin. The overall cure rate
      (determined by follow-up examinations and cultures three and ten days after
      treatment) was 90.6% in the first phase of the study and 92.1% in the second
      phase. A second 2.5-g dose of thiamphenicol was administered to four of the six
      patients in the second phase whose cultures yielded gonococci after the initial
      dose; the infections of all four patients were cured. The results of disk
      diffusion tests of gonococcal isolates did not correlate well with the outcome of
      treatment.

PMID- 6441282
TI  - Treatment of gonorrhea with thiamphenicol.
AB  - For many years thiamphenicol has been the drug of choice for the treatment of
      uncomplicated gonorrhea at the Center for Venereal Disease of the University of
      Milan. During the last four years, 1,110 of 1,112 cases of uncomplicated
      gonorrhea treated with 500 mg of oral thiamphenicol three times a day for six
      days have been cured. Recently, the effectiveness of single-dose treatment of
      uncomplicated gonorrhea with this drug was evaluated. A dose of 2.5 g of
      thiamphenicol was given orally to 159 patients. The diagnosis of gonococcal
      infection was based on culture results in all cases. In 77 cases red and white
      blood cell counts and hemoglobin and serum iron determinations were made before
      and one week after therapy. Clinical and bacteriologic cure was achieved in 144
      (90.6%) of the 159 patients. The only adverse reactions to the drug were
      transient diarrhea in ten patients, epigastric pain in two, and vomiting in one.
      No statistically significant variations were detected in blood tests.

PMID- 6441283
TI  - Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in men with single-dose
      thiamphenicol.
AB  - A group of 50 men with uncomplicated gonococcal infections were treated with
      single, oral doses of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol. Reexamination, which included
      culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was performed three to four days and seven
      days after treatment. Thirty-two (91%) of 35 men with urethral infections, 13
      (87%) of 15 with rectal infections, and four (57%) of seven with pharyngeal
      infections were cured. None of the men from whom N. gonorrhoeae was reisolated
      admitted further sexual exposure. Treatment failure did not correlate with
      decreased sensitivity of the isolates to thiamphenicol in vitro. Three men had
      urethral infections with Chlamydia trachomatis before therapy, and the organism
      was reisolated after therapy in every case. No hematologic abnormalities occurred
      in any of the 50 patients treated with thiamphenicol, but 13 (26%) developed
      adverse gastrointestinal symptoms.

PMID- 6441284
TI  - Thiamphenicol in the treatment of male gonococcal urethritis: a study of 1,230
      cases.
AB  - Thiamphenicol, an aminic derivative of hydrocarbilsulfonylpropandiol, was used
      for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, gonococcal urethritis in 1,446 male
      patients. Each patient received one oral dose of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol, which
      was readministered after 48-72 hr if Neisseria gonorrhoeae continued to be
      present in urethral smears. Of the 1,446 patients treated, 1,230 patients
      underwent posttreatment evaluation at 48-72 hrs and at seven days. Twenty-eight
      patients (2.3%) did not respond to treatment; treatment was successful in 1,140
      patients (92.7%) after only one dose, and in 62 (5.0%) after two doses. The
      overall rate of treatment success was 97.7%. Of 352 patients evaluated one month
      after treatment, serologic tests in 41 (12.6%) were positive for syphilis.

PMID- 6441285
TI  - Minute treatment with thiamphenicol in water for acute gonococcal urethritis in
      male patients.
AB  - Eighty-two male patients with acute gonococcal urethritis were given a single
      oral dose of 2.5 g of granulated thiamphenicol dissolved in water, and the
      results of treatment were evaluated after 48-72 hr and one week. Of the 76
      patients who returned for the first follow-up examination, 75 (98.7%) no longer
      had Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urethral smears or cultures. Five of these patients
      did not return for the second follow-up examination, and another four who did
      return were found to be reinfected as a result of reexposure. Of the remaining 67
      patients, 66 (98.5%) no longer had N. gonorrhoeae in urethral smears or cultures.
      Thus, the overall success rate among the 71 patients who completed the study
      (with the four cases of reinfection considered instances of failure of therapy)
      was 93%. The ease of administration, absence of adverse reactions, low failure
      rate, and low incidence of residual urethral secretions (4.5%) justify the use of
      thiamphenicol as the drug of choice for the treatment of acute gonococcal
      urethritis in male patients.

PMID- 6441286
TI  - Activity of thiamphenicol against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of thiamphenicol against Neisseria gonorrhoeae was compared
      with that of penicillin. A total of 267 isolates were tested. All strains were
      inhibited by less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms of thiamphenicol/ml. However,
      the minimal inhibitory concentration of thiamphenicol was fourfold higher (MIC90
      = 2.0 micrograms/ml) for beta-lactamase-producing strains or those moderately
      resistant to penicillin than for penicillin-sensitive strains (MIC90 = 0.5
      micrograms/ml). The MIC of thiamphenicol for Chlamydia trachomatis was determined
      for a control strain and for 15 recent clinical isolates. The MIC90 for
      thiamphenicol was 1.0 micrograms/ml, as compared with a MIC90 of oxytetracycline
      of 0.12 micrograms/ml against the same isolates.

PMID- 6441287
TI  - Acute salpingitis and thiamphenicol: a microbiologic and therapeutic study.
AB  - Eighty-five sexually active women with clinically suspected adnexitis and illness
      severe enough to require hospitalization were studied. The clinical diagnosis,
      based on anamnestic data and physical and pelvic examination, was confirmed by
      laparoscopy and by cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and for Chlamydia
      in both cervical canal and intraperitoneal secretions. A ten-day course of
      thiamphenicol was begun on an empirical basis after laparoscopy. The results
      showed that fever, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocytosis
      are unreliable diagnostic parameters and that laparoscopy in conjunction with
      microbial cultures is the only method by which a definite etiologic diagnosis can
      be established. Positive results of cultures of specimens from the cervical canal
      are sufficient for the diagnosis of infection due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
      whereas positive culture results for specimens from the intraperitoneal cavity
      are necessary for the diagnosis of infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
      Primary treatment with thiamphenicol was successful in 77 (91%) of the 85
      patients. Thus, thiamphenicol proved to be effective in the treatment of acute
      adnexitis.

PMID- 6441288
TI  - [The economic efficiency of nurseries].

PMID- 6441290
TI  - [Adhesion mechanisms of 4-META/TBB resin to glutaraldehyde-treated dentin.
      Analysis of resin-reinforced dentin].

PMID- 6441289
TI  - Herpes zoster and herpes simplex--public health matter; chelatotherapy in these
      acute neuroviroses.

PMID- 6441291
TI  - [The adhesiveness of organic cements to tooth structures. 1. The adhesiveness of
      glass ionomer cements to dentin treated with various conditioners].

PMID- 6441292
TI  - [Monoclonal gammopathies: classical parameters and beta 2 microglobulins in the
      differential diagnosis].

PMID- 6441293
TI  - [Cytochemistry in the differential diagnosis of patients with a monoclonal
      component].

PMID- 6441294
TI  - [Monoclonal gammopathies. Progress in differential diagnosis based on immunologic
      markers].

PMID- 6441295
TI  - [Plasmapheresis and hyperviscosity syndrome].

PMID- 6441296
TI  - [Diagnostic problems of autoimmune thyroiditis].
AB  - The most informative diagnostic criteria of autoimmune thyroiditis were revealed.
      A kit of diagnostic tests were offered for each version of autoimmune
      thyroiditis. The lowest percentage of antibodies against thyroglobulin was
      demonstrated for the hyperthyroid hypertrophic version of autoimmune thyroiditis,
      while the highest for its atrophic pattern. Biopsy of the thyroid was found to be
      the most informative test for autoimmune thyroiditis, provided the result was
      positive. If the result of puncture biopsy is negative, it is desirable to apply
      a complex of tests depending on thyroid function and size.

PMID- 6441297
TI  - [Diabetic ketoacidosis (causes, clinico-biochemical correlations and terminology
      problems)].
AB  - The clinical and biochemical data obtained in 85 patients with diabetic
      ketoacidosis (DKA) are presented. DKA is an acute exacerbation of diabetes, a
      characteristic clinico-biochemical syndrome including increasing thirst,
      polyuria, adynamia, dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, anorexia, nausea,
      vomiting, occasionally abdominal pain, Kussmaul's breath, acetone odour in the
      exhaled air, circulatory collapse, prerenal azotemia, stupor, coma. Glycemia
      level exceeds 19 mmol/l, blood pH over 7.3. The disease is marked by neutrophilic
      leukocytosis, blood count shift to the left, elevated blood content of creatinine
      and urea. It was established that the degree of consciousness abnormality does
      not always correlate with the degree of the clinico-biochemical manifestations of
      DKA. During DKA, coma occurs relatively seldom (5.9%). It is suggested to use the
      term "diabetic ketoacidosis", incipient or marked, indicating the degree of
      consciousness abnormality (stupor, coma).

PMID- 6441298
TI  - [IgD/kappa myeloma].
AB  - The authors provide a description of clinical, immunological and immunochemical
      studies in a patient with IgD/kappa myeloma which is a rare immunochemical
      disease pattern. Based on the available reported data and the case report it is
      concluded that this immunochemical disease pattern has a more favourable course
      than IgD/lambda myeloma.

PMID- 6441299
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease and plasma apoproteins B and A-1].

PMID- 6441300
TI  - The fast inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in plasma during pregnancy.
AB  - The novel fast inhibitor to tissue plasminogen activator in plasma has been
      determined in 20 healthy non-pregnant women, 48 apparently healthy pregnant women
      and 136 women with risk pregnancies (preeclampsia, suspected fetal growth
      retardation, thrombosis or previous history of thrombosis, diabetes and others).
      In healthy fertile non-pregnant women, the inhibitor concentration was found to
      be 0.4 +/- 0.7 U/ml. In pregnant women the concentration stayed at this level
      until week 10, but then an almost linear increase was found, reaching about 6.5
      U/ml at week 40. In plasma samples from the patients with risk pregnancies many
      with deviating concentrations were found. Thus, in the last trimester a range of
      0-24.0 U/ml was found in these patients, as compared to 4.0-6.4 U/ml in healthy
      pregnant women. The pathophysiological impact of this finding is at present
      unclear.

PMID- 6441301
TI  - Association between bleeding time and platelet adherence to artery
      subendothelium.
AB  - The efficacy of five different factor VIII-von Willebrand factor (FVIII-VWF)
      preparations in mediating adherence of blood platelets to damaged vessel walls
      was tested in an annular perfusion chamber utilizing human arteries and
      reconstituted blood. FVIII-VWF-purified by Sepharose CL-4B chromatography and von
      Willebrand factor prepared from this preparation by dissociation with 0.25 M
      CaCl2 followed by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography were equally effective in
      mediating platelet adherence as FVIII-VWF in cryoprecipitate and in plasma from
      normal subjects. A commercial concentrate of FVIII-VWF (Hemofil, Hyland) used for
      the treatment of haemophiliacs did not mediate platelet adherence at normal
      levels of FVIII-VWF related properties. A recently developed high-purity FVIII
      VWF preparation (Concentrate II) containing multimers of high molecular weight
      normalized the platelet adherence. Platelet adherence in plasma obtained from two
      patients with von Willebrand's disease (VWD) was impaired, but plasma samples
      obtained following treatment with Concentrate II mediated normal platelet
      adherence. The normalization of platelet adherence paralleled the normalization
      of the bleeding time. This platelet adherence assay offers an inexpensive and
      efficient in vitro tool to test the efficacy of FVIII-VWF preparations designed
      for VWD patients. Preparations such as cryoprecipitate and Concentrate II
      mediated the platelet adherence and normalized the bleeding time. The commercial
      preparation did not mediate platelet adherence and had no effect on the bleeding
      time.

PMID- 6441302
TI  - Masking of fibrinolytic response to stimulation by an inhibitor of tissue-type
      plasminogen activator in plasma.
AB  - Patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia or spontaneous thromboembolism, known to be
      poor responders to DDAVP or to venous occlusion with regard to the rise in
      fibrinolytic activity of the blood, appeared to show a normal increase in t-PA
      antigen after the same procedure. In their plasma a higher than normal level of
      free, fast-acting t-PA-inhibitor was found as measured by titration with purified
      t-PA. This free t-PA-inhibitor level only decreased after the test, in contrast
      to its complete disappearance in normal responders. The same happened in a
      healthy volunteer who failed to exhibit a rise in fibrinolytic activity after
      exhaustive exercise. We suppose that the lack of response of the fibrinolytic
      activity in these cases is due to a high inhibitor level and not to impaired
      release of t-PA into the blood. In contrast, patients with terminal renal
      insufficiency showed only a slight increase in t-PA-antigen after DDAVP. The
      level of free fast-acting inhibitor was normal in most cases and did not change
      appreciably during DDAVP-infusion. In these patients, a true impairment of the
      release of t-PA appears to exist.

PMID- 6441303
TI  - The diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants by the activated partial thromboplastin
      time--the central role of phosphatidyl serine.
AB  - Liposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the
      role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test
      system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive
      patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants
      directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the
      concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity
      to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor
      inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was
      increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition. The results suggest that
      the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT
      test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will
      largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant's effect on the APTT. An approach using
      the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus
      inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

PMID- 6441304
TI  - Interaction of thromboplastin apoprotein of different tissues with concanavalin A
      -evidence for heterogeneous glycosylation of the human apoprotein.
AB  - Thromboplastin apoproteins of different tissues were solubilized with Triton X
      100. Induction of plasma coagulation by these extracts was dependent on the
      presence of factor VII. Binding of the apoprotein-Triton complex to Concanavalin
      A-Sepharose 4B was studied. The apoprotein activity extracted from rabbit brain
      and bovine brain was almost completely bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose. Under
      the same conditions, only partial binding was observed with human lung, human
      brain and human placenta apoproteins. These results suggest that human apoprotein
      is heterogeneous with respect to its carbohydrate moiety.

PMID- 6441305
TI  - Immunological studies of haemophilic patients with inhibitors treated with Factor
      VIII concentrates in a protocol to induce immunotolerance.

PMID- 6441306
TI  - Inhibition of arachidonate-induced human platelet aggregation by a single low
      oral dose of aspirin in combination with a thromboxane synthase inhibitor.

PMID- 6441307
TI  - Specific fibrinogen quantitation by electroimmunodiffusion in agarose gel
      containing heparin.
AB  - In the determination of plasma fibrinogen by electroimmunodiffusion, commercial
      sodium heparin, previously included in the agarose gel, by interacting with
      fibrinogen molecules, enhances their anodic mobility more strongly than after
      carbamylation with potassium cyanate. The proposed method provides an increase in
      sensitivity and specificity which practically eliminates the influence of
      fibrinogen degradation products.

PMID- 6441309
TI  - Effects of phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidyl choline, and fatty acid on the
      acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa.
AB  - An in vitro penetration assay employing zona-free hamster eggs was used to study
      the effects of phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidyl choline, and fatty acid on the
      acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa were preincubated for 4
      hr in modified Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham's medium (mBWW) containing a
      specific phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB: 1 X 10(-5) -
      1 X 10(-3) M), lysophosphatidyl choline (LC: 5-500 micrograms/ml), and
      arachidonic acid (AA: 5-500 micrograms/ml), prior to the addition of zona-free
      superovulated hamster eggs. Eggs were examined microscopically 2 or 4 hr later
      for evidence of swelling or decondensing sperm heads in the cytoplasm.
      Lysophosphatidyl choline increased penetration rates of spermatozoa from 43.2%
      (control) to 91.4% (LC: 50 micrograms/ml). Arachidonic acid also increased
      penetration rates from 51.6% (control) to 87.0% (AA: 5 micrograms/ml) and 80.5%
      (AA: 50 micrograms/ml). p-BPB decreased penetration rates from 90.6% (1% dimethyl
      sulfoxide) to 16.0% (1% dimethyl sulfoxide+p-BPB 1 X 10(-4) M). These results
      suggest that endogenous phospholipase A2 may break membrane phosphatidyl choline
      into lysophosphatidyl choline and fatty acid, when the acrosome reaction occurs.

PMID- 6441308
TI  - Interaction of wheat germ agglutinin with human platelets: a model for studying
      platelet response.
AB  - Binding of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to human platelets and their activation
      were studied. The binding of fluoresceinyl-substituted WGA (F-WGA) was saturable,
      specific, reversible and cooperative. The apparent association constant (Ka) was
      2.4 X 10(6) M-1. Activation of platelets was measured by change in light
      transmission (LT) (aggregation) and by assays of 14C-serotonin and beta
      thromboglobulin (secretion). The maximum platelet activation was obtained with 15
      micrograms/ml WGA. At this concentration only 17% of all available binding sites
      were occupied. Increasing the WGA concentration diminished the change in LT and
      the secretion from alpha granules but not from dense bodies. The addition of EDTA
      partially reduced the platelet aggregation without any effect on the secretion.
      Remaining LT change was insensitive to all metabolic inhibitors tested (CP/CPK,
      arginine, indomethacin, PGE1, chlorpromazine, colchicine and cytochalasin B). The
      secretion measured in the presence of EDTA was only reduced by preincubation with
      PGE1 and CPZ. Succinyl-WGA which only binds glucoconjugates containing GlcNAc did
      not induce any platelet activation, whereas limulin, which binds to
      glucoconjugates containing NeuAc did induce platelet agglutination and secretion.
      These results indicate that: (1) the platelet aggregation and secretion induced
      by WGA occur with only partial occupancy of the membrane binding sites by the
      lectin; (2) the platelet LT change is due in part to the agglutinating properties
      of the lectin bound to the platelet surface, and in another part to the
      aggregation reaction mediated by a platelet constituent secreted from the storage
      sites in response to the binding of the lectin.

PMID- 6441310
TI  - Effect of the purified phospholipases A2 from snake and bee venoms on rabbit
      platelet function.
AB  - Effects of seven purified phospholipases A2 from the venoms of snakes (Naja naja
      atra, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus and T. gramineus) and honey bee (Apis
      mellifera) on rabbit washed platelet suspension in the absence of bovine serum
      albumin have been studied. Only phospholipases A2 from N. n. atra, T.
      mucrosquamatus and A. mellifera venoms induced platelet aggregation with small
      amounts of 14C-serotonin release. They showed tachyphylaxis and also cross
      tachyphylaxis in inducing platelet aggregation. The former two phospholipases A2
      exhibited biphasic responses in which irreversible aggregations appeared at
      concentrations of 1-10 micrograms/ml. At higher concentrations, they elicited the
      reversible aggregation. Exogenous Ca2+ was essential to their activity.
      Indomethacin and EDTA completely abolished both phospholipase A2 induced platelet
      shape change and aggregation, while mepacrine, prostaglandin E1, verapamil and
      nitroprusside inhibited only the aggregation response. p-Bromophenacyl bromide
      modified phospholipases A2, which almost completely lost enzymatic activity,
      failed to induce platelet aggregation. Phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol inhibited the phospholipase A2
      induced platelet aggregation. These phospholipases A2 induced thromboxane B2
      formation which was inhibited by EDTA and indomethacin, but not by prostaglandin
      E1. Pre-treatment of platelet suspension with phospholipase A2 from N. n. atra or
      A. mellifera venom (50 micrograms/ml) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by
      sodium arachidonate or collagen, but not that induced by thrombin or ionophore A
      23187. Exogenous sodium arachidonate or lysophosphatidylcholine also showed
      unaltered inhibitory spectrum on platelet aggregation. It is concluded that
      phospholipases A2 induce platelet aggregation by virtue of their enzymatic
      activity, cleaving the membrane phospholipids resulting in arachidonic acid
      release and formation of thromboxane A2. On the other hand, the cleaved products,
      lysophosphatidylcholine, arachidonic acid or arachidonate metabolites (via
      lipoxygenase pathway) may be responsible for anti-platelet activity.

PMID- 6441311
TI  - Occurrence of a tetrodotoxin-like compound in the eggs of the venomous blue
      ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa).
AB  - A lethal toxin was isolated and partly purified from the eggs of the blue-ringed
      octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa. Examination of the toxin by thin layer
      chromatography, isoelectric focusing and its effects upon the compound nerve
      action potentials of the toad sciatic nerve gave results that were
      indistinguishable from those displayed by authentic tetrodotoxin, the toxin
      present in the venom glands of the octopus.

PMID- 6441312
TI  - Ultrastructural localization in the mouse lung of venom from the western
      diamondback (Crotalus atrox) rattlesnake.
AB  - Procedures which make immune complexes between venom antigens and their
      complementary antibodies visible have been applied to detect the site of
      deposition of rattlesnake venom in the lung tissue of mice after in vivo
      envenomation. Lung tissue, from mice envenomated with reconstituted but otherwise
      unmodified Crotalus atrox venom, was incubated in commercially available
      polyvalent antiserum (against North American crotalid snakes) which had been
      conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme reaction was
      developed for visualization by transmission electron microscopy. The enzyme
      reaction products were located along alveolar surfaces and were associated with
      multilamellar bodies in cytosomes of type II pulmonary epithelial cells. It was
      concluded that the venom has a specific affinity towards the extracellular
      surfactant in the lung and towards intracellular sites of surfactant synthesis.

PMID- 6441313
TI  - Staphylococcal delta toxin-induced generation of chemiluminescence by human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Upon exposure to 0.5 hemolytic units of staphylococcal delta toxin, human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes repeatedly generated active oxygen, which was
      detected as luminol dependent chemiluminescence. Gradual loss of the response
      was, however, observed after repeated exposure to the toxin, and eventually no
      more chemiluminescence was evoked. On this occasion, if the cells were exposed to
      another stimulus, such as melittin, chemotactic peptide, phorbol myristate
      acetate or zymosan, chemiluminescence was again induced. The converse was true if
      melittin or chemotactic peptide was used as the initial stimulus and delta toxin
      as a secondary stimulus. These results suggest that there exists a saturable
      receptor for delta toxin, melittin and other stimuli and that the toxin follows a
      different transductional pathway to generate chemiluminescence. By using various
      inhibitors, we found calcium influx, activation of phospholipase A2 and probably
      lipoxygenase(s) play an important role in delta toxin induced generation of
      chemiluminescence.

PMID- 6441314
TI  - 'Clear line' formation by immunodiffusion of tetanus toxoid and mixtures of
      distinct monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Single monoclonal antibodies could not form any precipitin line with tetanus
      toxoid in Ouchterlony analysis. However, some mixtures of two distinct monoclonal
      antibodies formed a visible precipitin line (conventional line), while others
      formed a transparent, just barely visible line, which we call a 'clear line'.

PMID- 6441315
TI  - Effect of valproic acid on zinc metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that the mechanism of valproic acid (VPA)
      hepatotoxicity may involve a drug-induced Zn deficiency. To test this hypothesis,
      the uptake of 65Zn or tissue Zn concentration was determined in plasma, liver,
      bone, kidney, and brain of adult male rats, administered parenteral VPA according
      to one of 3 schedules: 750 mg/kg; 500 mg/kg; and 100 mg/kg/day X 7 days.
      Histopathological changes in liver and weight loss were observed in rats 5 days
      after administration of VPA (750 mg/kg). The plasma Zn level in VPA toxic rats
      was significantly depressed compared to saline-injected controls, although the Zn
      content of liver and bone was unaffected. Furthermore, tissue uptake of 65Zn was
      not altered in rats 6 h after receiving VPA 500 mg/kg or after chronic
      administration at 100 mg/kg/day. On the basis of the present study, there is no
      evidence that Zn deficiency is induced by hepatotoxic doses of VPA in rats.

PMID- 6441316
TI  - Comparative incidence of oral ochratoxicosis and aflatoxicosis on the activity of
      drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver.
AB  - Mycotoxicosis has been produced in the rat by daily oral administrations of
      ochratoxin A (1.5 mg/kg/day) or aflatoxin B1 (1 mg/kg/day). Hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents and many phase I and II biotransformation
      systems have been measured in the course of ochratoxicosis (4 to 15 dosings) and
      aflatoxicosis (1 to 8 dosings). In case of ochratoxicosis, decreases in
      cytochrome P-450 level, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase
      activities were observed in rats receiving 15 administrations of the toxin.
      Aflatoxicosis induced more severe decreases in cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine
      demethylase and ethoxycoumarin deethylase following 8 daily gavages. In the two
      studies, there was no significant change in activities of liver phase II
      biotransformation enzymes.

PMID- 6441317
TI  - Ecdysteroids in developing ovaries and eggs of the tobacco hornworm.
AB  - Ecdysteroids of ovaries and newly-laid eggs (0- to 1-hour-old) of the tobacco
      hornworm are present mainly as conjugates (greater than 95%). Newly-laid eggs
      contain ecdysteroid conjugates equivalent to 21 micrograms of 26-hydroxyecdysone
      and 0.73 micrograms of ecdysone per gram of eggs. These levels are similar in
      ovaries of 93-hour-old adult females. In 1- to 18-hour-old eggs more than 63% of
      the ecdysteroids exist in the free form and the proportion is similar in 48- to
      64-hour-old eggs. The ratio of 26-hydroxyecdysone to ecdysone in the conjugated
      form remains constant during oocyte maturation and embryogenesis. Though 26
      hydroxyecdysone is without molting hormone activity in the house fly assay, the
      exceptionally high concentration of 26-hydroxyecdysone conjugate(s) in ovaries
      and newly-laid eggs, together with the fact that it is being released during
      embryogenesis, indicate some physiological role for 26-hydroxyecdysone.

PMID- 6441318
TI  - Metabolism of (3H) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol by cultures of
      isolated rat sertoli cells and the effect of LH and FSH.
AB  - Sertoli cells from immature rats metabolized (3H) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17
      beta-diol to (3H) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol and (3H) 3
      alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one. This is the first report of 16 alpha
      hydroxylation of 5 alpha-reduced androgens in the testis. FSH significantly
      stimulated 16 alpha-hydroxylation while LH significantly decreased this activity.
      3 alpha-Hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one was the major metabolite formed and its
      production was significantly increased in the presence of both LH and FSH,
      although FSH stimulation was significantly more than LH. The possible role of 16
      alpha-hydroxylase in androgen metabolism by immature rat Sertoli cells is
      discussed.

PMID- 6441319
TI  - Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in B
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Enzymes of purine metabolism have potential utility as biological markers of
      normal lymphocytes and their neoplastic counterparts. The activity of two of
      them, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTA phosphorylase) and purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (PNP) were measured in peripheral mononuclear cells from 11
      patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and compared with those
      obtained in cells from 10 normal volunteers. An inverse relationship between the
      two phosphorylases was demonstrated in patients, with higher MTA-phosphorylase
      and lower PNP activities than in control subjects.

PMID- 6441320
TI  - [Chromosome aberrations in F1 (NZBxNZW) mice--an experimental model of systemic
      lupus erythematosus].
AB  - Spontaneous and mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberration level was studied in
      bone marrow cells of mice F1 (NZBXNZW), an experimental model of systemic lupus
      erythematosus and in C57BL/6J mice. The chromosome instability level is found to
      correspond to the degree of the autoimmune process: F1 (NZBXNZW) mice with the
      highest titer of autoantibodies to DNA has higher chromosomal mutability.

PMID- 6441321
TI  - [Structural changes in muscle fiber contractile proteins studied by polarization
      ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. VIII. The effect of glutaraldehyde and
      phalloidine on F-actin conformation].
AB  - Conformational changes in F-actin, induced by glutaraldehyde or phalloidin, were
      found in glycerinated m. psoas rabbit fibres (ghost and reconstructed fibres). It
      is shown that the conformational changes of F-actin decreased the thin filament
      flexibility as well as weakened fibre's contractility. It is assumed that the
      stabilization in F-actin structure may be an important factor involved in the
      mechanism of muscle contraction regulation.

PMID- 6441322
TI  - Brucella antibodies in Sudanese camels.
AB  - Sera of 740 camels of both sexes from three regions of Sudan were tested for
      antibodies to Brucella abortus. The overall incidence of antibodies was 4.9%. The
      highest positive number of samples (7.5%) was from the Eastern Region followed by
      Darfur Region (3.1%) and the Central Region (2.0%). Brucella antibodies were as
      frequent in males (5.6%) as females (4.5%).

PMID- 6441323
TI  - Brucella antibodies in the sera of domestic livestock in Bangladesh.

PMID- 6441324
TI  - Observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the lower Juba
      region of Somalia.
AB  - The commonest parasite to be found in blood of cattle in the Lower Juba Region is
      Theileria mutans. Antibodies against Trypanosoma spp. and Anaplasma marginale
      could be detected serologically whereas no antibodies against T. parva and T.
      annulata were present. A list of ticks collected between 1980 and 1982 in the
      above mentioned area shows that vectors of T. mutans are common. As the cattle
      throughout the region are indigenous Somali Boran it seems that endemic stability
      is maintained and mortality from T. mutans infection is negligible. It is not yet
      clear whether pathogenic strains of T. mutans similar to those isolated in East
      Africa occur.

PMID- 6441325
TI  - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against Besnoitia
      besnoiti in cattle.
AB  - The use of the ELISA method for the detection of antibodies to B. besnoiti in
      cattle is described and compared to the IFAT technique. One hundred and twenty
      one sera were examined, of which 61 were sera of calves experimentally infected
      with B. besnoiti, 52 sera from field animals and eight were sera with high titres
      of antibodies to other parasites. The specificity of both assays correlates but
      ELISA seemed to be more sensitive. The ELISA technique provides a rapid and
      reliable method for the screening of B. besnoiti infection in cattle.

PMID- 6441326
TI  - Glucose phosphate isomerase polymorphism in Theileria annulata and T. parva.
AB  - Six stocks of Theileria annulata isolated from the Sudan and nine stocks of T.
      parva, isolated in Kenya and Malawi were grown in bovine lymphoblastoid cell
      lines. Lysates prepared from the infected cultures were examined
      electrophoretically on thin layer starch gels for evidence of glucose phosphate
      isomerase polymorphism. The six stocks of T. annulata showed major variations in
      their parasite enzyme patterns but no variation was detected in nine stocks of T.
      parva.

PMID- 6441327
TI  - [Resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Gizan Area, Saudi
      Arabia].

PMID- 6441328
TI  - Influences of experimental uremia on the intra- and extracellular acid-base
      status of the rat.
AB  - In an experimental study the influences of beginning uremia were studied in
      nephrectomized rats. It was observed: (1) Though there was found a continuous
      decrease of extracellular pH due to accumulation of fixed acids there was a
      slight increase of intracellular pH resulting from concomitant hypocapnia. (2)
      There was found a constant loss of bicarbonate from the extra- and intracellular
      body compartment which was much more pronounced for the extracellular space. This
      loss of bicarbonate reflects the progressing metabolic acidosis and demonstrates
      that the intracellular compartment is more protected against an increase of
      hydrogen ion concentration than the extracellular space is. (3) The stability of
      the intracellular acid-base status during uremic metabolic acidosis arises the
      question whether our clinical practice with alkali substitution according to the
      Mellemgard-Astrup equation is still adequate in these cases. (4) Blood-gas
      analysis can only give information about the acid-base status of the
      extracellular body compartment. The large intracellular space which is the aim of
      our clinical therapy is excluded from these measurements. Simple reliance of
      blood-gas analysis may lead to wrong conclusions and mistakes in therapy.

PMID- 6441329
TI  - [Rabies in the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in Slovakia].
AB  - The trials were conducted within the full-scale research on the ecology of lyssa
      virus. In a period of the mass outbreak of common hamster population in the East
      Slovakian region, 283 hamsters were examined for rabies. Using the direct
      immunofluorescence method (DIFM), the rabies antigen was detected in the brain of
      five hamsters. Three virus strains (denoted as 3 O, 7 E, 9 E) were isolated by
      means of the inoculation test on sucking mice. On the basis of the detection of
      the nucleo-protein antigen by DIFM, or its inhibition, detection of the Babes
      Negri bodies, determination of the neutralization index, titration on mice and
      determination of incubation time, the isolated strains were identified as the
      street strains of rabies virus. As determined by further detailed studies on
      biological characteristics (determination of the invasiveness index on animals
      with different susceptibility to rabies virus, determination of pathogenicity for
      different species of laboratory animals, different weight categories, with
      different methods of administration, invasiveness index), the "hamster" strains
      are included among those of intermediate virulence or reduced virulence. At
      intramuscular administration, the most virulent of the three "hamster" strains
      studied (3 O) induces a fatal course of rabies in common fox and cat; for wolves,
      dogs and rabbits it is apathogenic. This strain is also contained in the salivary
      glands of foxes and cats. In immunofluorescent detection of the rabies
      nucleoprotein antigen, the "hamster" strains formed a mixed picture of
      fluorescing particles, characteristic of street strains.

PMID- 6441330
TI  - [Excretion of the rabies virus in foxes after experimental infection].
AB  - Fourteen foxes (Vulpes vulpes crucigera) were experimentally infected with
      rabies. The excretion of the virus in saliva was subjected to qualitative study.
      Three different street strains isolated in the territory of the Czech Socialist
      Republic were used for the intramuscular infection at the doses of 50 or 5000
      MICLD50. The presence of the virus in saliva was demonstrated in 12 animals
      (86%). Post-mortal examination revealed the virus in the salivary gland of 13
      animals (93%). The virus started to be excreted in saliva maximally two days
      before the onset of the clinical signs of the disease and it lasted maximally six
      days. The affinity of the virus for the salivary gland was related to the strain
      used, and increased when a lower infection dose had been administered.

PMID- 6441331
TI  - [The effects of the stress of long-term physical and psychological training on
      the red blood cell picture in dogs].
AB  - The effect of the physical and psychical load of long-continued training on the
      components of the red blood picture was studied in thirty clinically healthy dogs
      of two age categories. The values of erythrocytes were found to be increased
      whereas those of haemoglobin, haematocrit and other components (MCV, MCH, BI,
      MCHC) were depressed. The effects are discussed of training, adaptation process,
      parasympathicotonic form of overload, and qualitative nutrition deficiency as a
      reflection of the studied training load as exerted on certain insufficiency of
      the desired formation of the red blood picture, and thereby of a possible adverse
      impact on the performance of the trained dog.

PMID- 6441332
TI  - [Cervical mucus in the heifer uterus during heat and insemination after feeding
      with synthetic beta-carotene].
AB  - The effect of beta-carotene was studied, as exerted on the amount, ductility, pH
      value, arborization and sperm survival time in the medium of the cervical mucus
      of heifers included in the breeding stock. The measurements were taken during
      oestrus and mating. The animals were divided into four groups. The first group
      was given diet containing no carotene. In the other groups (II, III, IV) the
      animals were fed a supplement of synthetic beta-carotene, the doses being 100,
      200 and 400 mg per head/day. The survival of spermatozoa in the medium of
      cervical mucus was found to be significantly longer in the fourth group (115.2%)
      as compared with the first group (61.8%). In the statistical comparison of these
      results the P level was less than 0.05. Statistically significant differences
      were observed in the amount, ductility and arborization between the pregnant
      heifers and oestrus return ones in the first group. These differences were
      reduced after the addition of beta-carotene to feed. Beta-carotene saturation in
      the feed ration was not found to exert any significant influence on the pH value
      of cervical mucus. As suggested by the evaluation of the results and their
      comparison with literary data, sperm survival time in cervical mucus was the only
      trait influenced significantly by beta-carotene: no significant effect was
      exerted on the other parameters under study. Beta-carotene seems to influence the
      role of polyfactorial factors in the control of steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6441333
TI  - [Micromorphology of the endometrium of dairy cows after estrus synchronization
      with cloprostenol].
AB  - Trials were conducted to study and describe the micromorphological parameters of
      endometrium in five cows of the Black-Pied breed after the expiration of the
      synchronizing effect of cloprostenol in the Oestrophan inj. Spofa preparation.
      Two animals four to five days after oestrus were used as control and three cows
      on the sixth day of sexual cycle with rectally palpated corpora lutea were
      treated intramuscularly with 0.5 mg cloprostenol in 2 ml of Oestrophan. On the
      eighth day from the administration of the product, samples of uterine horns were
      obtained by necropsy and were subjected to histological preparation. Paraffin
      slices, 7 micron thick, were stained with haematoxylin-eosine by the PAS
      reaction. Changes were observed in the ipsilateral and contralateral uterine
      horns in relation to active corpus luteum. A state resulting from previous
      oedematization, with ample thin connective tissue and fading cell infiltration
      after the administered preparation, was described in the subepithelial layer of
      endometrium. The occurrence of intraepithelial lymphoid cells was observed in the
      surface epithelium of endometrium. A significant increase in the thickness of
      endometrium (P less than 0.001) was observed to persist on the eighth day after
      the administration of cloprostenol. An increase in the thickness of surface
      epithelium, ipsilateral with the corresponding corpus luteum, was on the level of
      significance (P less than 0.05). The subsurface cells of endometrial glands
      shrunk significantly after the administration of the preparation, both
      ipsilaterally (P less than 0.001) and contralaterally (P less than 0.001) to the
      corpus luteum, like in the glands in the depth of the mucous membrane just above
      myometrium (P less than 0.01). The occurrence of intraepithelial lymphoid cells
      decreased significantly after the administration of cloprostenol.

PMID- 6441334
TI  - [The effect of prolonged movement restriction of dairy cows on biochemical
      parameters].
AB  - In thirty-three dairy cows--first calves, the influence of hypokinesis on
      biochemical parameters was studied over three lactation periods. The cows of the
      experimental group (n = 15) were reared in steel cages enabling only minimum
      movement, whereas the control group (n = 18) was housed loosely. It was found out
      that the permanent movement restriction led to a statistically significant
      decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, as well as in aspartate
      aminotransferase activity. In comparison with the control group, a significant
      decrease was also observed in substances of the lipid group--cholesterol,
      triglycerides and total lipids. Similarly, thyroxin and total proteinemia were
      lower.

PMID- 6441335
TI  - [Incidence of antibodies against leptospira in the blood of breeding sows].
AB  - Within a year, 4438 blood sera of sows coming from 25 farms of the Strakonice
      district were subjected to serological examination by the reaction of
      microagglutination lysis (RMAL) with 12 strains of Leptospira. The reaction was
      positive in 3.22% of all the blood sera. Separate significant titres were
      demonstrated in the reaction with the Leptospira organisms of four serological
      groups, including Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hebdomadis and Australis.
      The reactions with the Leptospira of the Canicola serological group were observed
      only individually as coagglutination with a simultaneous occurrence of antibodies
      to Leptospira of the Grippotyphosa serological group. The highest number of
      reactions 119 (75.8%) was demonstrated in titre 400.

PMID- 6441336
TI  - [Dynamics of the white blood cell picture during prolonged stress of training in
      the dog].
AB  - Thirty clinically healthy dogs of two age categories were studied for the effect
      of long-continued training load upon the pattern of the components of the white
      blood picture of dogs. There is a number of changes--leucocytosis, elevation of
      the neutrophil granulocytes, depression of lymphocytes and eosinophil
      granulocytes. These changes vary with the age of the dogs. They can be considered
      as manifestations of myogenic reaction under physical load and under stress, and
      as manifestations of a gradual adaptation in the course of training. The results
      can be included in the set of tests within the scientific system of dog training.

PMID- 6441337
TI  - [Selected biochemical indicators in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis].
AB  - Aiming at an improvement of the screening of toxic substances in biological
      materials and environment, the following biochemical indices were studied by
      means of the Tetrahymena pyriformis as a testing object: total protein, total
      lipids, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.27.), gamma-glutamyl
      transferase (E.C.2.3.2.2.), aspartate aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.1.), alanine
      aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.2.), acetyl cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7.), butyryl
      cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.8.), alkaline phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.1.), acid
      phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) and alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.). The study was
      conducted in the period of the population growth in an experimental medium with
      the minimum content of nutrients within the 96 hours of cultivation. It has been
      derived from the results that most of the enzymes are at the top of their
      activity in the early logarithmic stage of growth, i. e. in the period
      immediately following the log stage of population growth when the cells are
      getting ready for intensive division and growth; another peak activity period is
      the logarithmic growth stage--alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase are an
      exception with the culmination of activity in the stationary stage of population
      growth.

PMID- 6441338
TI  - [Botulism of aquatic birds at the Stary u Pohorelic pond (Breclav District)].
AB  - In the years 1981 and 1982 when a mass mortality of wild and domestic water birds
      was observed on the Stary pond, eleven diseases or just died birds were examined
      by the neutralization test for botulotoxin and four sludge samples for the
      presence of Clostridium botulinum. C. Botulinum toxin of C type was detected in
      four wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) from September 1981 and July 1982 and in one
      gull (Larus ridibundus) and July 1982. The highest titres (of mice i. p. LD50/g)
      of botulotoxin in ducks were 10(6.3) in the intestinal contents, 10(6.1) in the
      liver tissue and 10(5.1) in the stomach contents. In one duck we detected,
      besides the C type, a smaller botulotoxin amount of A type. Therefore we can
      recommend a complete serotypifying for the cases of botulism in water birds. Out
      of four sludge samples collected in September 1982 one sample was negative,
      whereas in three samples the C botulotoxin was demonstrated after propagation and
      one C. botulinum strain of C type was isolated.

PMID- 6441339
TI  - Abortion in sheep caused by Thogoto virus.

PMID- 6441340
TI  - Sarcocystis infection in pigs of Hissar, Haryana, India and its transmission to
      dogs.
AB  - Sarcocystis zoites were found in pepsin digests of 68.8% of 157 pigs from Hissar,
      Haryana. Sarcocystis-infected meat was fed to 4 young dogs and 2 cats. The dogs
      shed Sarcocystis sporocysts in their faeces 12 days after eating infected meat
      whereas cats did not shed sporocysts.

PMID- 6441341
TI  - Preconditioning of Trichinella spiralis nativa larvae in musculature to low
      temperatures.
AB  - Preconditioning of a Trichinella spiralis nativa isolate in ferret and fox
      musculature was carried out by freezing at -15 degrees C from 0 to 322 days prior
      to low temperature refrigeration at -32 degrees C. A limited number of
      preconditioned samples of infected fox musculature was also refrigerated at -45
      degrees C. Preconditioned larvae were appreciably more resistant than those
      subjected to the low temperatures directly. Under the conditions of this
      investigation, the longer the period of preconditioning, the greater the
      resistance, (i.e., survival of larvae) observed. The larvae in fox musculature
      were slightly more resistant than those in ferret musculature. Limited
      infectivity trials indicated that pre-conditioned larvae surviving low
      temperature refrigeration of -32 degrees C -45 degrees C retained their
      infectivity for at least 44 and 37 days, respectively.

PMID- 6441342
TI  - [Irradiation of the patient's body in carbonate-radon baths].

PMID- 6441343
TI  - [Various indicators of the state of the body during intravenous feeding with
      different mixtures].
AB  - Experiments lasting 15 days were made on rats fed intravenous isocaloric mixtures
      of the same composition (amino acids, glucose, fatty emulsion, mineral substances
      and vitamins), with one of the mixtures containing no fatty emulsion. It was
      noticed that intravenous feeding resulted in certain changes in body function,
      being consequent on the process of adaptation. The mixtures with and without
      fatty emulsion produced the same weight gain. However they brought about
      dissimilar shifts in other characteristics of the body status. The choice of
      adequate criteria is of importance for the assessment of the action of the
      different mixtures.

PMID- 6441345
TI  - [Infrahepatic jaundice in a patient with a perivaterian diverticulum of the
      duodenum].

PMID- 6441344
TI  - [Proteolysis of the barley protein, hordein].
AB  - Gordein isolated from barley according to Baxter's method was exposed to
      proteolytic enzymes at optimal medium pH. As regards the capability of gordein
      splitting the enzymes can be arranged in the following way: pronase greater than
      elastase greater than pepsin greater than papain greater than chymotrypsin
      greater than trypsin. A mixture of three enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and
      elastase) taken in the amount 1/3 of the usually used concentration provoked a
      more powerful splitting than each of the enzymes used alone. According to the
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel data the action of elastase led to the
      splitting of the high-molecular-weight fraction of gordein with accumulation of
      the low-molecular weight one. Preheating of gordein for 30 min at 100 degrees C
      increased its papain-induced splitting by 3.3 times, chymotrypsin-induced by 2.6
      times, trypsin-induced by 30%, and pepsin-induced splitting by 23%. Heating did
      not affect the rate of gordein splitting by elastase. Pretreatment of gordein
      with pepsin increased over 2 times its splitting under the effect of trypsin and
      chymotrypsin.

PMID- 6441346
TI  - Analysis of medical paediatric admissions to the Port-of-Spain General Hospital
      (1982).

PMID- 6441347
TI  - The cost-effectiveness of health checkups--an illustrative study.
AB  - An economic analysis of personal health maintenance is complicated by the great
      variability in the health care process, the large amount of missing data and the
      great range in analytic results. Accordingly, this study should be considered
      more illustrative than conclusive. Data are available on middle-aged adults that
      periodic health checkups can be effective in significantly lowering mortality
      from potentially postponable disease. Using these data, a net-cost analysis has
      been attempted for periodic health checkups. The findings suggest that their
      costs and effects on health depend on how they are provided, how often and to
      whom. Yet, periodic health checkups can reduce lost earnings capability of
      examinees and can be cost-effective by using efficient health examination
      methods. If policy decision makers require health checkups for the lowest income
      people to be cost-effective, then these checkups probably will continue to be
      limited to case finding by physicians as an expense already included in current
      medical practice.

PMID- 6441348
TI  - [New views on diet therapy of digestive system diseases].

PMID- 6441349
TI  - [Repercussions of Robert Koch's discoveries in the Polish press].

PMID- 6441350
TI  - [Transplantation of the pancreas in the treatment of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6441351
TI  - [Lithium carbonate--a preventive agent against leukopenia during cytostatic
      therapy].
AB  - A group of 51 patients treated surgically for ovarian carcinoma was randomly
      subdivided to test the efficacy of lithium carbonate in the prevention of
      leucopenia during systemic chemotherapy. In 26 patients receiving sequential
      lithium carbonate the side effect of myelosuppression was mitigated and the
      leucocyte count during treatment, which determines the dosage of the cytostatic
      drugs, was significantly higher in this group. It was, thus, possible to reduce
      the number of cytostatic courses of treatment in the lithium group in comparison
      with the treatment courses in the 25 control patients. Lithium therapy had to be
      discontinued due to side effects in seven patients, which were then excluded from
      the trial.

PMID- 6441352
TI  - Nonhormonal chemotherapy in endometrial cancer--a review.
AB  - A review of single agents and combination chemotherapy, with or without
      progestins, in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic endometrial carcinoma is
      presented. Doxorubicin, hexamethylmelamine, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum are
      considered to be the most active drugs for the treatment of this disease. To
      date, combination chemotherapy has not shown any advantage over single agent
      therapy. The role of progestins in the treatment depends upon the presence of
      progesterone receptor binding sites. Better designed, randomized multi
      institutional trials, using these drug combinations or new agents, singly or in
      combination, are necessary to identify optimal chemotherapy for patients with
      advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.

PMID- 6441353
TI  - Recommended health-based occupational exposure limits for respiratory irritants.
      Report of a WHO Study Group.

PMID- 6441354
TI  - Cost containment in 12 European countries.

PMID- 6441355
TI  - Public health finance and planning in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 6441356
TI  - A survey of health sector costs and financing in Malawi. Ministry of Health,
      Republic of Malawi.

PMID- 6441357
TI  - Health sector finance in China.

PMID- 6441358
TI  - Health sector expenditure flows in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6441359
TI  - Strategies for paying for health services in developing countries.

PMID- 6441360
TI  - The use of indicators of financial resources in the health sector.

PMID- 6441361
TI  - Comparison of protein patterns of Streptomyces griseus spores from surface and
      submerged cultures.
AB  - Protein patterns of conidia produced by a Streptomyces griseus strain in
      submerged cultures and on solid media were compared. Cell-free extracts (30 000 X
      g supernatant) were prepared and analyzed on gradient SDS polyacrylamide gels.
      The protein patterns of both kinds of conidia were found to be practically
      identical, and they differed from protein patterns of the old vegetative hyphae
      in a characteristic way.

PMID- 6441362
TI  - [Conjugational plasmid transfer from A, B and H streptococci to N streptococci].
AB  - Plasmid-mediated resistance to erythromycin and chloramphenicol was successfully
      transferred from group A, B and H streptococci to group N streptococci by a
      process akin to conjugation. The results showed that plasmids from streptococcal
      groups other than N were able to replicate in lactic streptococci as well. The
      transfer experiments were carried out by using a membrane filter mating
      technique. Four of the five plasmids used (pSM15346, pSM10419, pIP501, and pEL1)
      were transferred at frequencies ranging from 10(-1) to 10(-8) transconjugants per
      donor colony-forming unit. The highest transfer frequencies were obtained when S.
      pyogenes strain 15346 (pSM15346) served as the donor strain. The identy of
      transconjugants was verified by testing for the presence of unselected markers of
      the recipient strains, and both transduction and transformation were ruled out as
      the mechanisms of transfer.

PMID- 6441363
TI  - [Recommendations on the evaluation of virus-induced liver diseases].

PMID- 6441364
TI  - [The pH effect of CO2 on current voltage characteristics of membrane-covered pO2
      electrodes].

PMID- 6441365
TI  - [Echocardiographic detection of persistent myocardial sinusoids].
AB  - In a 33-year-old woman the diagnosis of isolated persistent myocardial sinusoids
      could be established by 2-D-echocardiography and ventriculography. This anomaly
      has been reported in infants with atresia of semilunar valves and intact
      ventricular septum, or in combination with anomalies of the coronary vessels. In
      adults myocardial sinusoids have only been observed with a communication to the
      coronary arteries. To our knowledge, no other case of severe cardiac disease due
      to isolated myocardial sinusoids has so far been published.

PMID- 6441366
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of hyper- and hypothyroidism in the aged].
AB  - Hyper- and hypothyroidism in the elderly do--as many other diseases--not present
      with the typical clinical picture known from textbook descriptions. Thus
      hyperthyroidism may be the cause of common complaints and symptoms such as weight
      loss, fatigue, lack of appetite and cardiac failure with tachycardiac
      arrhythmias. Due to completely unspecific symptoms and signs, the hypothyroid
      elderly patient will initially be presented to a psychiatrist, neurologist,
      dermatologist, gastroenterologist or ENT-specialist rather than to an
      endocrinologist or geriatrician. The serious consequences which may result from
      overlooking hyper- and hypothyroidism in the elderly can be prevented if the
      possibility of thyroid disease is more frequently taken into consideration, if
      the diagnosis is based on modern in-vitro measurements, and if hyper- and
      hypothyroidism are systematically looked for in groups at risk, i.e. in
      inhabitants of old people's, homes, nursing homes as well as in patients of
      psychiatric and geriatric hospitals.

PMID- 6441367
TI  - [A simple procedure for the simultaneous determination of apolipoproteins AI and
      B using rocket immunoelectrophoresis].

PMID- 6441368
TI  - [Isolation of apoprotein A II and its immunologic determination in human blood].

PMID- 6441369
TI  - [Photometric and graphic evaluation of slow serum agglutinations for the
      standardization of brucellosis diagnosis].

PMID- 6441370
TI  - [Fast method for radioactive marking of bacteria with indium oxinate].

PMID- 6441371
TI  - Besnoitia sp. from goats in Kenya.
AB  - The eyelids of goats in Kenya contained several, conspicuous white cysts which
      were up to 1.5 mm in size. By histological and electron microscopical studies it
      was confirmed that these cysts belong to the genus Besnoitia.

PMID- 6441372
TI  - Three new types of globidium of sheep: an in vivo and in vitro investigation.
AB  - The abomasum and duodenum of sheep contained three types of globidium. The size
      and fine structure of these globidium differed from those described in previous
      investigations. The highly motile parasites failed to develop in cell lines of
      goat, sheep and dog origin.

PMID- 6441373
TI  - Two types of globidium-cysts of goats.
AB  - In the abomasum of naturally infected goats two types of globidium were found. An
      electron microscopic study revealed that the parasites were different from those
      described from sheep in former publications.

PMID- 6441374
TI  - Experimental studies on the interaction between infections of Ostertagia
      leptospicularis and other bovine Ostertagia species.
AB  - Experimental infections of calves were carried out with either isolates of
      predominantly Ostertagia ostertagi, pure O. leptospicularis or a mixed isolate of
      equal numbers of both these species. The total worms established on day 21 for
      the mixed species from a total inoculum of 100 000 infective larvae, was 1.2
      times greater than from 100 000 larvae of the O. ostertagi isolate and 3.3 times
      that of the pure O. leptospicularis isolate. The increased establishment in the
      mixed inoculum referred to both O. ostertagi and O. leptospicularis (days 17 and
      21). These differences were both highly significant (P less than 0.01). The
      severity of the pathological changes was also greater in the mixed infections. It
      is suggested that these findings must be taken into account when control measures
      involving alternate grazing of sheep and cattle are being employed.

PMID- 6441375
TI  - Characterization of Theileria annulata infected lymphoblastoid cells.

PMID- 6441376
TI  - [Diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia in infancy].
AB  - In 98 infants at the age of 3-4 months acetabular dysplasia without decentration
      was diagnosed by means of combined method of Schultheiss/wedge-shaped segments/
      and Doberti and Manhood/acetabular defects/. This method was confronted with the
      classical procedure using measurements of acetabular index and with other
      radiological and clinical signs. It is concluded that the only reliable sign of
      acetabular dysplasia at the age of 3-4 months is the disturbance of ossification
      at the end of the acetabular roof in the sense of partial or total defects. All
      other radiological as well as clinical signs including acetabular index values,
      asymmetry of gluteal folds and limitation of abduction in the hip joints are
      shown to be of little or no importance.

PMID- 6441377
TI  - [Bone and boundary zone changes following the implantation of double-cup
      arthroplasties].
AB  - 21 femoral heads of 20 patients with double cup arthroplasty were examined after
      an implantation period of 1 to 5 years, in one case after 18 years. In 8 cases
      the hipe socket and in 10 cases the femoral cup became loose. Therefore an
      operative removal was necessary. 2 patients showed extensive periarticular
      ossifications. In connection with the metal cup the resected femoral heads were
      cut in slices of 1 cm. thickness. After taking an X-ray they were embedded
      without decalcification in methylmetacrylate. The sections were stained with
      different methods (Goldner, v. Kossa modification). In the group with fixed cup a
      local osteoporosis is dominating. The fibrous tissue membrane between cement and
      bone tissue is varying in thickness. It is thicker at the periphery of the cup.
      In the group with loosened cups large irreparable bone necrosis with included
      histiocytic granulomas, could be observed. The clinical problems are discussed in
      accordance to the long term prognosis on the basis of the morphological results.

PMID- 6441378
TI  - [Ossification of the distal femoral epiphysis. On the question of osteochondrosis
      dissecans in children].
AB  - The authors report on ossification variants: roughness (Ludloff: protruberances),
      so-called isolated ossification centers or islands and accessory ossification
      centers which are illustrated with reference to personal observations. Their
      clinical significance is pointed out. The existence of osteochondrosis dissecans
      in children and pre-adolescents is refuted, especially since no histologically
      proven observation has been described in the literature.

PMID- 6441379
TI  - [Activity of neurons of the anterior thalamic nuclei after elimination of
      afferent pathways from the hippocampus and limbic cortex].
AB  - Neuronal activity of anterior thalamic nuclei AV and AD was analyzed in chronic
      rabbits after lesion of the fornix-fimbria or its combination with transection of
      the septum and capsula interna fibers at the rostral prethalamic level. The
      results were compared with previous data obtained in intact animals and after MTT
      lesion. Decrease of reactivity to sensory stimuli, "de-specialisation" of
      reactions (dominance of diffuse tonic effects and disappearance of patterned and
      phasic reactions) was observed in AV. The degree of the observed changes
      correlated with the volume of the lesioned limbic afferent pathways. Contrary to
      that, slight increase of reactivity to sensory stimuli was invariably present in
      AD. All characteristics of responses were preserved by the AD neurones after any
      type of limbic deafferentation. Only dynamic changes of reactions (gradual build
      up and habituation) were absent in both nuclei after massive limbic
      deafferentations. The data support a previous conclusion that while AV is indeed
      an important integral link of the limbic circuit, AD should be regarded as
      relatively independent structure, introducing sensory information into limbic
      system and subjected to its secondary modulating influence.

PMID- 6441380
TI  - [IgM/kappa-immunoblastoma of the brain following Hodgkin's disease. Report on a
      clinical case and review of literature].
AB  - Report of a 41-year-old man who died from an intracerebrally localized
      pleomorphic IgM/kappa immunoblastoma 7 1/4 years after the diagnosis of nodular
      sclerosis in mediastinal lymph nodes and treatment by surgery, radiation and
      cytostatics. There was no evidence of residual Hodgkin's disease at autopsy. The
      cases of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas after treated Hodgkin's disease
      reported in the literature are tabulated. The relationship of these secondary
      neoplasms to the primary disease and its treatment is discussed.

PMID- 6441381
TI  - [Postoperative energy requirements and its fulfillment].
AB  - After surgical procedures there are complex and typical changes of the
      homeostasis, which are summarized as postaggression syndrome. Energy demands in
      the immediate postoperative period are lower than presumed until recently. After
      elective surgery the basal energy requirement will increase to about 10 per cent
      above the preoperative level. Artificial nutrition is used in clinical practice
      to overcome this. Enteral and/or parenteral nutrition is necessary to meet the
      energy and nutritional demands in the postoperative period.

PMID- 6441382
TI  - [Bathing caps and germ shedding of human scalp hair].
AB  - With three groups of 30 test subjects each, having short, medium-long and long
      hair, as well as with a model test using a woman's wig it was possible to show
      that by wearing bathing caps the transfer of germs from the scalp hairs to the
      swimming-pool water can be reduced considerably, either by the isolation of the
      hairs from water when snugly fitting water-tight bathing caps are used, or by a
      reduction of the germ-carrying hair surface rinsed by the water, which is always
      the case, even when using water-permeable caps. The effect is the greater, the
      larger the natural hair surface is. The rule that persons with long hair of
      either sex should wear bathing caps proves again justified although the
      prescriptive use of bathing caps by "the long-haired" earlier was based on other
      concepts. The population of germs settling on bathing caps does not in the least
      reach the germ counts discharged into the swimming-pool water when no headgear is
      used. Nevertheless, the issue of disposable bathing caps, which is occasionally
      practised, must be welcomed for reasons of hygiene. The use of bathing caps not
      only diminishes the discharge of colony forming units (CFU) but also prevents the
      indicators of pollution, pathological and occasionally pathological germs being
      washed into the water from the hair. Reference is also made to the possibility
      that a snugly fitting bathing cap protects the swimmer against the risk of
      contracting otitis.

PMID- 6441383
TI  - [How many biological indicators have to be tested to get reliable information on
      their resistance?].
AB  - Biological indicators are used in the efficacy test of microbicidal procedures.
      The indicators consist of an object carrying or holding micro-organisms which
      exhibit resistance to microbicidal agents. The biological indicators are exposed
      to the procedure to be tested and afterwards examined for viable germs. If test
      germs are still found to grow in the cultures, the microbicidal effect of the
      procedure is considered as insufficient. Biological indicators are suitable for
      such tests only if it is known how intensive the action of the microbicide has to
      be to destroy the test germs. The individuals of a germ population do not die at
      the same time under the action of a microbicide. This phenomenon can also be
      observed with germs simultaneously grown as a pure culture under identical
      conditions. Therefore, the biological indicators do not become sterile after one
      and the same period of action or dose of the microbicide but within a certain
      period or dose range. At the beginning of this transition range, sterile
      biological indicators will be found very rarely. With increasing period of action
      or dose, the frequency of indicators carrying viable germs decreases until,
      eventually, hardly any biological indicators with viable germs are detectable.
      When samples of identical biological indicators equal in size are exposed to one
      and the same period of action or dose of a microbicide, the number of indicators
      carrying viable germs will vary from one sample to another in the transition
      range. The number of biological indicators that has to be exposed to the
      resistance test per period of action and dose, respectively, in order to obtain
      reliable results, can be estimated only if the regularities are known by which
      the findings vary from one sample to another. Twelve different batches of
      biological indicators were employed to determine the variation of the resistance
      values obtained. Spores of Bacillus subtilis served as test germs. The batches
      differed in the number of spores per biological indicator. The microbicide used
      was saturated steam of 100 degrees C with a 9 min period of action. Forty-eight
      samples of five indicators each were taken per batch. The number of indicators
      carrying viable germs (n+) varied more or less and characteristic frequency
      distributions were observed (Table 2, columns 3 and 4). Afterwards, the mean
      relative frequency of indicators with viable germs was calculated for the
      different batches (Q; Table 2, column 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6441384
TI  - [Preparation and properties of chlorination-damaged P. aeruginosa suspensions].
AB  - The preparation of suspensions of bacterial cells impaired by the action of
      chlorine require a very accurate standardization of all the procedural detail of
      controlled experimental impairment by chlorine. All measures suitable to spread
      the kinetics of reduction of bacterial numbers in time will facilitate the
      reproducibility of results. The exact amount of hypochlorite--determined
      experimentally prior to the actual test--is transformed to chloramine at 0
      degrees C then a defined quantity of bacteria is added. After different periods
      of contact samples are taken and stabilized by adding thiosulphate of sodium.
      When the bactericidal action is not abrupt but sufficiently drawn out a
      relatively high proportion of bacteria impaired by chlorine but still viable is
      obtained (50-90%). In suspension the proportion remains relatively stable during
      storage in the refrigerator (4 degrees -6 degrees C). Resuscitation experiments
      carried out with suspensions of organisms damaged as explained above showed
      resuscitation times of 3 h in casein soy broth not to grow as well as those after
      24 h of resuscitation. Obviously the process of reparation after impairment by
      chlorine must be assumed to be relatively slow under these conditions.

PMID- 6441385
TI  - Some microbiological aspects of inedible rendering processes.
AB  - Various aspects of the bacteriology of inedible rendering have been investigated
      in order to establish a solid basis for future decisions concerning an up-to-date
      and flexible legislation on rendering. Thermal death (TD)-graphs for spores of B.
      cereus and Cl. perfrigens, PA 3679 (Fig. 3), and heat transmission equations for
      animal tissues have been determined. By using the heat transmission data for
      bones and the TD graphs for the spores it is possible to predict the decimal
      reductions of spores in the centre of the largest pieces present during a given
      rendering process, thus establishing conditions for bacteriological safe
      processes. The calculations show that predrying for 45 min followed by cooking at
      125 degrees C for 15 min and final drying ensures destruction of non-sporeforming
      bacteria and Bacillus anthracis spores even in the centre of 70 mm bone particles
      while heat resistant spores of clostridia are virtually unaffected. By reducing
      the particle size to less than 40 mm, the same process will result in a
      reasonable reduction of heat resistant clostridia spores, too (Table 4). In order
      to verify such theoretically calculated effects a new technique has been
      developed in which steel tubes containing a paste inoculated with spores were
      inserted in bones. These were treated in a cooker, were caught during discharge
      and examined. The results confirmed the calculations (Table 5). Most modern
      rendering systems (Carver-Greenfield, Stork-Duke, Wet Pressing) are continuous
      without pressure cooking and a common feature is a fine mincing minimizing the
      problem of heat penetration. In order to obtain information regarding the thermal
      sterilizing effect in such systems investigations were made in a pilot cooker
      using inoculated meat-and-bone meal mixed with water and/or fat. Regardless of
      whether fat was added or not sterility was found for samples containing water
      when the temperature during drying reached 110-120 degrees C, whereas cooking in
      fat only drastically increased the heat resistance of spores of both strains.
      Sterility was only obtained at temperatures of the order of 140 degrees C, a fact
      of minor importance for rendering, where thermal treatment usually takes place
      with moisture present. The decimal reductions actually found were compared to
      calculated ones and the former were all substantially higher than the latter
      (Table 6). Thorough investigation of sterilization in the wet pressing system has
      confirmed the conclusion that inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms during
      drying is obtained when temperatures reach 110 degrees C (Table 7 and
      8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6441386
TI  - [Determination of material-dependent germ multiplication in the stand test].
AB  - Materials used in drinking water may lead to an increase of microorganisms.
      Microbiological examinations of material in jar tests have been repeatedly dealt
      with in literature. However they yielded contradictory results. Within the scope
      of these examinations it was to be found out if and under which conditions an
      experimental examination of materials, the criterion of test being microbial
      growth in water, is possible. For the examinations in jar tests it is necessary
      to have a minimal concentration of mineral salt in the water and to use germs
      which can degrade the components issued by the materials.

PMID- 6441387
TI  - The synergism between cetrimide and antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Forty eight clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for susceptibility to
      seven different antimicrobial agents. When tested on Mueller-Hinton agar, the
      isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin, sensitive to the
      antipseudomonal antibiotics, polymyxin B, gentamicin and carbenicillin. Polymyxin
      B inhibited all the isolates, whereas both carbenicillin and gentamicin inhibited
      92.1% of the isolates. Neomycin, sulphamethoxypyridazine and chlortetracycline
      showed moderate activity and inhibited 50%, 28.9% and 15.8% of the isolates,
      respectively. However, on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 0.03% cetrimide,
      the isolates succumbed readily to antimicrobial agents. In addition to polymyxin
      B, gentamicin and carbenicillin, all the strains were inhibited by neomycin and
      94.7%, 92.1% and 63.6% of the isolates were inhibited by sulphamethoxypyridazine,
      chlortetracycline and ampicillin, respectively. Cetrimide, in concentrations
      ranging from 0.01 to 0.04% decreased the MIC of ampicillin against all the
      isolates, whereas 0.1% and 0.5% polysorbate 80 (tween 80) had no effect on the
      MIC. Growth inhibition studies have shown that the number of survivors was
      greatly reduced in presence of cetrimide and ampicillin. There was also an
      appreciable increase in the uptake of ampicillin by the bacterial cells in the
      presence of cetrimide.

PMID- 6441388
TI  - Role of lipid in butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) resistance of Listeria
      monocytogenes.
AB  - The lipid content of Listeria monocytogenes 5214m was increased by successive
      subculturing in a glycerol medium. Fattened cells showed considerably greater
      resistance to Butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA). Polar lipids and fatty acid
      composition of four cultures with different BHA sensitivity were analysed. They
      are basically similar but the resistant cultures had a lower percentage of
      unsaturated and anteiso to saturated and iso fatty acids.

PMID- 6441389
TI  - [Formation of alpha-aminobutyric acid in Clostridium sordellii].
AB  - After a modified growth C. sordellii is able to ferment threonine as mono
      substrate. It could be demonstrated for the first time that alpha-aminobutyric
      acid is definitely formed from threonine by clostridia. The pH-optimum of this
      reaction is greater than 8, the temperature optimum is greater than 28 degrees C.
      Further fermenting products are: glycine and presumably acetaldehyde.

PMID- 6441390
TI  - A new approach for presumptive identification of clinically important
      streptococci.
AB  - Several tests, bacitracin, CAMP, pyroglutamic acid-B-naphthylamide test (PYR
      test), bile aesculin hydrolysis, salt tolerance and pigment production tests were
      evaluated for their reliability and speed in presumptive identification of
      streptococci. Bacitracin correctly identified all of the group A streptococci but
      5% of other beta haemolytic streptococci were misidentified as group A. The PYR
      reaction was just as sensitive but more specific for group A streptococci and the
      results were available within 2-3 h. The PYR reaction also effectively
      differentiated between enterococcal and non-enterococcal group D streptococci.
      Both the salt tolerance test and the PYR reaction misidentified bile aesculin
      positive non-group D streptococci as non-enterococcal group D streptococci.
      Pigment production by group B streptococci was more reliable than the CAMP test
      for identifying group B streptococci. The combination of PYR, bile aesculin and
      pigment production allowed rapid differentiation of several medically important
      groups of streptococci.

PMID- 6441391
TI  - Influence of stage of lactation and calcium level of the ration on mobilisation
      rate of calcium and excretion of hydroxyproline in urine in dairy cows. Studies
      with Na2EDTA infusions in monozygotic twins.

PMID- 6441392
TI  - Temperature and milk composition responses to infusion of E. coli LPS and S.
      aureus vaccines in the goat.

PMID- 6441393
TI  - Risk of disease in veal calves: relationships between colostrum-management, serum
      immunoglobulin levels and risk of disease.

PMID- 6441394
TI  - [Comparative lipid histochemical studies of lutein tissue in follicular lutein
      cysts and periodic corpora lutea of cattle].

PMID- 6441395
TI  - Polymyositis-polyradiculitis due to toxoplasmosis in the dog: serology and tissue
      biopsy as diagnostic aids.

PMID- 6441396
TI  - [Determination of meningococcal antibodies by a radial hemolysis method].
AB  - The possibility of using, on principle, the reaction of radial hemolysis for the
      determination of antibodies to meningococci has been shown. The sensitivity and
      resolution of this method has been found to depend on the dose of the antigen
      used for the sensitization of erythrocytes, on the concentration of the
      erythrocyte suspension introduced into the gel and on the amount of complement.
      The optimum conditions for the reaction of optimum hemolysis, used for the
      determination of antibodies to serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide,
      have been established: the sensitizing dose of the antigen must be 50-100
      micrograms/ml, the concentration of sensitized erythrocytes 25%, and the amount
      of complement 20-40 HU.

PMID- 6441397
TI  - [Arginine medium for the isolation and primary identification of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in environmental objects].
AB  - A culture medium for the isolation and primary identification of P. aeruginosa
      has been developed. The medium contains L-arginine and ions of K, Na, Mg, C and
      P; it has also an overlay of plain agar with 0.6% of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium
      chloride added. The comparison of arginine medium with other media proposed for
      the isolation of P. aeruginosa from various objects in the environment has
      demonstrated the advantage of this highly selective medium permitting the primary
      identification of up to 95% of characteristic colonies.

PMID- 6441398
TI  - [Unusual serovar of the causative agent of Flexner's dysentery. I. Its
      distribution and biochemical properties].
AB  - The data on the circulation of some S. flexneri strains in the USSR are
      presented. The antigenic structure of these strains (type antigen 4 and group
      antigens 7, 8) is not characteristic of known serological subvariants 4a, 4b or
      var. X. The time course of changes in their spreading on certain base territories
      controlled by the All-Union Shigellosis Center in 1980-1983 is shown. The
      biochemical characteristics of S. flexneri strains IV:7,8 under study, isolated
      in the USSR and abroad (Czechoslovakia, London) from humans, from a monkey and
      from the environment, are given. Similarities in the biochemical reactions of
      these strains with respect to indole, rhamnose, saccharose, maltose, arabinose
      and raffinose have been revealed. The strains isolated in the USSR have shown
      differences in the spectra of their resistance to antibiotics, depending on their
      territorial origin.

PMID- 6441399
TI  - [Animal carriers of Shigella and their possible epidemiological importance].

PMID- 6441401
TI  - [Comparison of the physicochemical structure of DNA in Corynebacterium related to
      C. diphtheriae v. mitis, intermedius and gravis].
AB  - The hybridization of DNA of 19 C. diphtheriae v. mitis strains with DNA of 3H
      labeled C. diphtheriae v. mitis strain C7(beta) tox+ resulted in revealing four
      homology levels: I (102-98%), II (78-68%), III (61-50%) and IV (42-25%). Homology
      levels I and II differed from one another on the level of species. In the
      hybridization of DNA of the same strains with DNA of 3H-labeled C. diphtheriae v.
      gravis (group II) strain 165(1) tox+ three homology levels were revealed; levels
      I and II differed from one another on the level of the genus. In the first and
      second series of the experiments the distribution of DNA of the above strains on
      these levels not always coincided. The genomes of C. diphtheriae v. mitis strains
      7111 tox+ and 132 tox+ were shown to differ from those of both reference strains
      on the level of the genus. In strains C7(beta) tox+ and PW-8 tox+ Massachusetts
      the genetic similarity of their genomes on the level of species was disclosed.
      Among C. diphtheriae v. mitis and intermedius strains at least 5 homology levels
      were revealed; this fact suggests the presence of at least 5 bacterial species
      among them. The relationship of strains on the level of species within groups I
      and II of C. diphtheriae v. gravis was confirmed: DNA of the related strains
      belonging to the corresponding group were always to be found within the same
      homology level. Also confirmed was the fact that the strains of groups I and II,
      as well as strain C7(beta) tox+, differed on the level of species.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441400
TI  - [A nutrient medium for detecting the metallic luster of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      colonies].
AB  - Almost 100% of P. aeruginosa strains, when inoculated in macrocolonies (plaques),
      show metallic (golden) luster of their colonies grown on the medium containing
      2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, milk and a higher concentration of peptone;
      such luster, though less intensive, can also be observed in nonpigmented strains.
      This phenomenon can be used in the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa infections as a
      decisive sign.

PMID- 6441402
TI  - [Evaluation of the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of meningococcal
      vaccines].
AB  - The results of the study of the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of
      meningococcal polysaccharide A + C vaccine in the controlled epidemiological
      trial, with regard to variations depending on the initial immunological
      characteristics of vaccinees in terms of the levels of antibodies to the
      polysaccharides contained in the vaccine, are presented. The study was made on
      school children: 303 of them were immunized with the meningococcal vaccine under
      test, and 229 (controls) with adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid. This study
      revealed that the reactogenic properties of the preparation were more pronounced
      in those children whose blood sera had been found to contain no antibodies to
      polysaccharides A and C prior to immunization. The immunological properties were
      more pronounced with respect to polysaccharide A. The titer of antibodies to
      polysaccharide A was found to depend on the previous immunological status of the
      child, which was indicative of the booster effect produced by the vaccine. The
      data obtained in the study suggest that the evaluation of the reactogenic and
      immunogenic properties of newly developed prophylactic preparations should be
      made with due regard for the previous immunological status of vaccinees in
      respect to the antigens contained in the meningococcal vaccine under test.

PMID- 6441403
TI  - [Effect of retabolyl on the dynamics of urinary catecholamine and DOPA excretion
      and electroneuromyographic indices in patients with Duchenne's myodystrophy].
AB  - The monitoring of the use of anabolic hormones in patients with progressive
      Duchenne's muscular dystrophy was shown to be possible with the help of the
      clinical analysis of the patients' motor possibilities, electroneuromyographic
      examination and determination of the time-course of the urinary excretion of
      catecholamines and DOPA.

PMID- 6441404
TI  - [Hormonal disorders in chronic alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - Hormone levels were examined in the venous blood in 54 men suffering from stage 2
      alcoholism and in 30 normal subjects, using a radioimmunochemical assay. The
      alcoholics were found to have a statistically significant increase in prolactin
      and a decrease in testosterone. A definite ratio in the secretion of these
      hormones differing from that in the control group was elucidated. This ratio
      (prolactin-testosterone index) is proposed as a diagnostic test of alcoholism.

PMID- 6441405
TI  - Cooperation of Ca2+ and pH in regulation of the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex and its components from bovine kidney cortex.
AB  - A modified procedure for preparation of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
      from bovine kidney cortex is presented. The enzymatic preparation obtained showed
      a specific activity of 18.5 mumol X min-1 X mg-1. This activity was dependent on
      Ca2+ (1-40 microM) and hydrogen ion concentration. At pH 7.6 in the absence of
      Ca2+ (less than 10(-9) M), S0.5 for 2-oxoglutarate was 2.5 mM, and in the
      presence of Ca2+ it was decreased to 0.3 mM. The maximum reaction rate at this pH
      was increased by Ca2+ by 33%. The increase of pH from 7.0 to 8.4 resulted in a
      150-fold increase of S0.5. The activity of 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase, a
      subunit of the dehydrogenase complex, was also dependent on Ca2+ and pH. The
      activity of 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase, determined in the presence of
      ferrocyanide as electron acceptor, showed three different partial Michaelis
      constants for 2-oxoglutarate, low (K1m), medium (K2m) and high (K3m). At pH 6.9,
      K3m was 0.11 mM, and 0.005 mM in the absence and presence of Ca2+, respectively.
      The maximum reaction rate at pH 6.9 in the presence of Ca2+ was by 72% higher
      than in its absence. A change of pH from 6.9 to 7.6 led to an increase in K1m
      from 0.005 to 0.01 mM, and K3m from 0.11 to 0.60 mM. Ca2+ had no effect on the
      activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase or lipoamide succinyltransferase. These
      results indicate that, over the pH range 6.5 - 7.2, calcium ions affect the
      activity of the whole complex by regulating the activity of 2-oxoglutarate
      decarboxylase, whereas over the pH range 7.2 - 8.4 they affect the activity of
      the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by acting on the structure of the whole
      complex rather than by changing the activity of 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase.

PMID- 6441406
TI  - Ovarian function after therapy for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Ovarian function has been evaluated in 10 women in fertile age, free of disease,
      who underwent therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Women were divided into groups
      according to their age at the time of the diagnosis and therapy used. In the
      group of 6 women treated with chemotherapy alone or associated with
      sovradiaphragmatic roentgentherapy, 4 (66%) are regularly menstruating and 2
      (33%) have become amenorrheic; while among the 4 women treated with TNI or
      inverted Y, 3 (75%) have become amenorrheic and 1 (25%) is regularly
      menstruating. 7 women were younger than 30 at the time of the diagnosis: 5 (72%)
      are regularly menstruating and 2 (28%) have become amenorrheic; while in the
      group older than 30 at the time of the diagnosis all 3 (100%) have become
      amenorrheic. These results show that, at present, it is not possible to predict
      the preservation or the renewal of the ovarian function after therapy for
      Hodgkin's disease; only taking in account all elements such as age, ovarian
      function prior to therapy and kind of treatment is it possible to propose a
      prognostic hypothesis.

PMID- 6441407
TI  - [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy].
AB  - The authors describe a technique of gastrostomy performed by gastroscopic
      endoscopy (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy-P.E.G.) P.E.G. was indicated in
      patients who required gastrostomy feeding and had no contraindications for
      gastric endoscopy. P.E.G., was performed in 10 patients; 7 had suffered, cerebro
      vascular accidents; 2 neoplasms (brain and breast); and 1 a brain trauma. One
      case was complicated by subcutaneous emphysema of the abdominal wall, with
      spontaneous cure in 72 hours. In our first patient the cotton guide thread broke,
      and required a new placement. We use routinely now monofilament nylon as guide
      thread, without ruptures. These were the only two complications of P.E.G. One
      patient acquired a replacement of damaged Pezzer catheter, which was easily
      accomplished. The medicate catheter is not available in our country; we have
      replaced it by an easily self-made device with good results. P.E.G. can be
      performed without difficulties in any endoscopy center.

PMID- 6441408
TI  - Commitment to erythroid or granulocyte-macrophage differentiation is associated
      with loss of macromolecular insoluble cold globulin.
AB  - In mice a macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG) is present on the surface
      of resting and stimulated peripheral T lymphocytes, thymocytes, fetal
      prothymocytes and hemopoietic stem cells forming spleen colonies, colony-forming
      unit-spleen (CFU-S). Here we demonstrate that removal of MICG positive cells from
      bone marrow by treatment with antibody and complement does not affect the number
      of erythroid, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage,
      colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors developing in
      vitro. Thus, commitment of stem cells to lineage specific differentiation is
      associated with the loss of the MICG marker. Furthermore, the removal of MICG
      positive T lymphocytes from bone marrow does not affect the growth of BFU-E or
      CFU-GM.

PMID- 6441409
TI  - Effect of suppression and stimulation of erythropoiesis on CFU-E in mouse spleen.
AB  - Splenic CFU-E in mice were determined during stimulation and suppression of
      erythropoiesis by means of the methylcellulose culture system originally used for
      bone marrow CFU-E. It was found that under steady-state conditions the number of
      CFU-E in the spleen comprises less than 20% of the CFU-E in the total bone marrow
      mass. The number of CFU-E decreased with suppression and increased after
      stimulation of erythropoiesis. The response to exogenous Ep stimulation on day 10
      posthypoxia was more pronounced in the spleen than in the bone marrow (the number
      of CFU-E was 1.6 times greater in the spleen than in the total bone marrow mass)
      indicating the importance of the spleen in stimulated erythropoiesis in mice.

PMID- 6441410
TI  - Cytochemical detection of erythroblastic enzymes in acquired dyserythropoiesis.
AB  - We have studied the amount and intracellular distribution of erythroblastic
      alkaline and acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, and N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase in 50 patients with acquired dyserythropoiesis. 19
      morphologically normal bone marrow smears served as controls. Alkaline
      phosphatase was found in all controls (mean 9.4% of erythroblasts). The
      percentage of positive erythroblasts in pathological conditions varied greatly
      from absence to over 70%. Acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were
      positive in pernicious anaemia and in acute erythremic myelosis. Nonspecific
      esterase was only detected in a case of erythremic myelosis. This case also
      showed a faint metachromasia with the dye azure A.

PMID- 6441411
TI  - Human bone marrow fibroblast proliferation and GM-CFC colony formation in
      patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - The proliferation of bone marrow (BM)-derived fibroblasts and granulocyte
      macrophage progenitors (GM-CFC) was studied in culture in 23 patients with acute
      leukemia (AL). The number of GM-CFC colonies was significantly lower in patients
      with infiltrated BM when compared to those in remission: 17 +/- 12 vs. 125 +/- 35
      colonies per 2 X 10(5) cells (p less than 0.005). The proliferation of
      fibroblasts derived from leukemic BM was significantly more active in acute
      nonlymphocytic (ANLL) than in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): 6.8 +/- 3.2 X
      10(5) vs. 2.8 +/- 1.8 X 10(5) fibroblasts per flask (p less than 0.05). The
      reduced GM-CFC colony formation correlated significantly (r = 0.84; p less than
      0.02) with the reduced fibroblast proliferation in patients with ALL but not in
      those with ANLL. Supernatants from fibroblast monolayers stimulated additionally
      normal GM-CFC cultured in the presence of a potent conditioned medium as the
      source of colony stimulating activity. Fibroblast supernatants derived from BM
      with leukemic infiltrates, stimulated the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by
      monolayers of normal bone marrow fibroblasts but had no effect on ANLL
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6441412
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: a retrospective study of 235 cases by the Italian
      Cooperative Group (ICGHCL) according to Jansen's clinical staging system.
AB  - This is a report from a cooperative study on hairy cell leukemia (HCL) involving
      20 Hematology Departments in Italy. Data for the patients was collected between
      January 1967 and December 1981 and included 235 cases of which 203 could be
      evaluated; 160 were males (78.8%) and 43 females (21.2%) with an M:F ratio of
      about 3:1; mean age was 54 years (range 26-82 yrs). The diagnostic criteria of
      admission were: typical aspect of hairy cells, in peripheral blood and bone
      marrow smears, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positivity, typical
      bone marrow, spleen, liver and/or lymph node histology, and/or
      electronmicroscopy. On the basis of hemoglobin level and spleen size at the time
      of diagnosis, three stages could be distinguished according to Jansen: 51
      patients, 27 of which splenectomized, were in stage I; 67 patients, of which 44
      splenectomized, were in stage II; 85 patients of which 60 splenectomized, were in
      stage III. The actuarial survival curves of these patients showed clear
      distinction between the three stages. In the first stage the difference in
      survival, between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized groups, was not
      statistically significant (p less than 0.5): on the contrary, in stages II and
      III the difference in survival was statistically significant (stages II and III;
      p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6441413
TI  - Patterns of leukemias in Jordanians: a study of 378 cases.
AB  - 378 patients of leukemias were admitted to Jordan University Hospital during the
      period from January 1976 through December 1983. Acute leukemias, acute
      lymphocytic leukemia in particular, were most frequent, and chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia was the least frequent type seen among Jordanians. In general the
      leukemias tend to occur in younger age groups among Jordanians.

PMID- 6441414
TI  - Hemorrhagic diathesis in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Hemorrhage occurs during the clinical course in 15% of patients with multiple
      myeloma. We recently treated a patient with myeloma who had postoperative
      bleeding and hematuria despite normal coagulation parameters and platelet count.
      Platelet function studies revealed markedly abnormal aggregation to all
      stimulants. Plasma exchange successfully reversed in vitro and in vivo bleeding
      abnormalities.

PMID- 6441415
TI  - Philadelphia chromosome in idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia.
AB  - In a 70-year-old female patient with idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia
      (IASA) the karyotype revealed the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome in one
      third of the bone marrow mitoses. The patient was followed for 45 months and no
      signs of chronic myeloid leukemia or other leukemic transformation developed. In
      IASA the chromosomal changes are variable. This is the first report showing the
      presence of a Ph1 chromosome.

PMID- 6441416
TI  - Carbamazepine-induced hemolytic anemia.
AB  - A patient who had recently undergone craniotomy for a meningioma experienced
      carbamazepine (Tegretol)-induced hemolytic anemia. To our knowledge, this is the
      first reported case of hemolytic anemia clearly induced by carbamazepine.

PMID- 6441417
TI  - Quinidine-induced neutropenia: report of a case with drug-dependent inhibition of
      granulocyte colony generation.
AB  - We describe a case of quinidine-induced agranulocytosis in which in vitro marrow
      culture studies suggested immune inhibition of committed human granulocyte
      macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM). Autologous, but not allogeneic, inhibition of
      CFU-GM was seen with 'acute' serum from the patient in the presence of quinidine
      but not other drugs. Cytotoxic antibodies to mature granulocytes were not found.
      These studies provide a novel mechanism for drug-induced neutropenia and suggest
      that a battery of in vitro assays of progenitor and of mature granulocyte
      cytotoxicity might identify offending agents in suspected drug-induced
      neutropenias.

PMID- 6441418
TI  - Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia in course of hepatitis in a patient with
      immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - An unusual case of selective autoimmune myelopathy, a posthepatitic pure
      megakaryocytic aplasia, is reported. The disease manifested itself in a patient
      being treated for thrombocytopenic purpura caused by progressive administration
      of amitriptyline. The various clinical aspects of this unusual myelo-immunopathy
      seem to possess the same complexity and polymorphism of immune myelopathies.

PMID- 6441419
TI  - Thromboembolism and Factor VII defect.

PMID- 6441420
TI  - Bolus methylprednisolone therapy in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
      in children.

PMID- 6441421
TI  - DNA content in reactive hyperplasia, precancerosis, and carcinomas of the oral
      cavity. A cytophotometric study.
AB  - Cytophotometry has been used to study DNA content in oral epithelial cells of
      Feulgen-stained specimens from a total of 43 patients: 3 with erythema exudativum
      multiforme (EEM), 5 with pemphigus, 3 with stomatitis aphtosa, 5 with lichen
      ruber planus, 8 with leukoplakia, and 19 with carcinomas. In contrast to reactive
      hyperplasia (EEM, pemphigus, stomatitis aphthosa) leukoplakia has histograms
      closest to those of carcinoma, with a high percentage of cells in the polyploid
      regions. This emphasizes the significance of cytophotometry for diagnosis of
      preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity.

PMID- 6441422
TI  - Photomicrography of weakly fluorescent objects--employment of p-phenylene diamine
      as a blocker of fading.
AB  - By adding p-phenylene diamine (PPD) to the embedding medium, the fading of
      fluorescent objects labeled with FITC or mithramycin is substantially reduced.
      Thus, a multiple quantity of light, as compared to without additive, may be
      obtained from the objects and so photomicrography be improved or made possible at
      all. For microfluorometry as well as for subjective fluorescence microscopy the
      employment of PPD is not very helpful.

PMID- 6441423
TI  - Organosilicone induced malformation of rat sperms, a histochemical study.
AB  - The effects of an organosilicon compound SOC, a derivative of 1,3-dioxa-2-sila
      cyclopentane, on rat spermiogenesis were studied with the help of histochemical
      and enzyme histochemical methods. The rats were injected with SOC i.p. daily for
      3 weeks (dosage: 25 mg SOC/kg body weight). Two changes were observed: a)
      formation of a distinct vacuole within the acrosomal cap of spermatids b) the
      splitting of the tails of mature sperms.

PMID- 6441424
TI  - The effect of fixation on esterases.
AB  - The localization of reaction product for non-specific esterase from fresh and
      aldehyde treated glandular tissue was examined. The electrophoretical studies
      showed a selective inhibition of certain isoenzymes and a change in mobility of
      some bands caused by aldehyde fixation. In sections a granular reaction could be
      identified after 5 min fixation with 1% formaldehyde while no such staining was
      visible in fresh tissue.

PMID- 6441425
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase activity of adrenal chromaffin vesicles.
AB  - Biochemical studies have given conflicting interpretations as to the localization
      of acetylcholinesterase within adrenal chromaffin cells. Previous histochemical
      studies found no reaction product on the chromaffin vesicles, although some
      biochemical studies suggest that a form of the enzyme is present. Sensitive
      histochemical procedures, with the appropriate controls, suggest a small amount
      of acetylcholinesterase is associated with chromaffin vesicles.

PMID- 6441426
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity of adrenal chromaffin vesicles.
AB  - Biochemical studies have provided conflicting interpretation as to the presence
      of adenylate cyclase in or on the chromaffin vesicle of the adrenal medulla.
      Various histochemical procedures were employed and a slight amount of reaction
      product was detected. It is suggested that a small amount of adenylate cyclase is
      associated with the chromaffin vesicle.

PMID- 6441427
TI  - [Quantitative histochemical study of pancreatic islets of sand rats (Psammomys
      obesus) in diabetes mellitus I. Cytophotometric measurement of insulin content].
AB  - The insulin-content in islets of Langerhans on sand rats with disturbances of the
      carbon hydrate tolerance (reference-, impaired glucose tolerance-, and diabetic
      group) is measured cytophotometrically. In the IGT-group (impaired glucose
      tolerance) is a decrease of the insulin content in B-cells detectable. However in
      the diabetic group of sand rats is the insulin-content increased. This results
      demonstrate the stimulation of the B-cell function in the islets of Langerhans.
      The diabetes mellitus of sand rats is characterized by disturbed glucose
      tolerance hyperinsulinaemia, and elevated readiness to insulin secretion. That
      are characteristics of the human type-II-diabetes (insulin-independent). In
      conclusion, the sand rat is a biological model of the human type-II-diabetes
      (NIDDM).

PMID- 6441429
TI  - Proper use of medication.

PMID- 6441428
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of Aspergillus fumigatus in farmer's lung.
AB  - Fragments of fungi in a granuloma were demonstrated in lung biopsy specimens of
      two patients with farmer's lung by using an avidin-biotin-complex method with non
      conjugated rabbit antiserum to Aspergillus fumigatus. Our findings suggest that
      the type IV or cell-mediated immunity at least partly explains the pathogenesis
      of farmer's lung.

PMID- 6441430
TI  - To crush or not to crush: administering solid medication to the elderly patient.

PMID- 6441431
TI  - Encouraging reminiscing in the institutional setting.

PMID- 6441432
TI  - Easing the transition to the long term care setting.

PMID- 6441433
TI  - Intravenous sedation for the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient in the
      intensive care unit.
AB  - A technique is described for the management of post-operative patients who have
      undergone major craniofacial surgery. Under supervision on the Intensive Care
      Unit, the patients breathe humidified, oxygen-enriched air through a naso
      tracheal tube. Sedation and analgesia are provided by continuous infusions of
      etomidate (variable rate) and fentanyl (fixed rate), administered by volumetric
      infusion pumps (IMED 922). Six patients have been studied in detail and our
      results are presented. In conjunction with fentanyl, a mean infusion rate of 3.72
      micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 of etomidate provided good sedation and analgesia,
      without clinically significant respiratory depression. The patients found the
      technique very acceptable and no side-effects were noted.

PMID- 6441434
TI  - Distribution of expiratory gas and rebreathing in a T-piece modification combined
      with a PEEP valve.
AB  - T-piece modifications with PEEP valves are often used in weaning from mechanical
      ventilation or for intubated patients not requiring ventilatory support.
      Distribution of expiratory gas and the extent of rebreathing in a T-piece
      modified with an inspiratory reservoir (ICR) and with a PEEP valve were studied
      in a model with various fresh gas flows (FGF), tidal volumes and frequencies at
      three valve settings: 0 cmH2O (ZEEP) and PEEP of 5 and 10 cmH2O (0.490-0.981
      kPa). Two types of distribution of expiratory gas were delineated: type one with
      expiratory gas in the inspiratory limb (IL) and a high ratio of the maximum CO2
      content and corresponding end-expiratory CO2 concentration in the expiratory limb
      (EL) (FmaxCO2/FECO2) and a type 2 with no detectable alveolar gas in the IL and a
      low ratio of FmaxCO2/FECO2. The use of PEEP did not increase the amount of
      alveolar gas in the system, and no increase occurred in the end-expiratory CO2
      concentration. The investigated system is in fact a Mapleson A system. The ratio
      of FGF to minute ventilation just preventing rebreathing during spontaneous
      ventilation is approximately 1, in contrast to 3 in other modifications. These
      advantages minimize the risk of rebreathing, even when the minute ventilation
      rises to that of the fresh gas flow. The T-system with a compliant inspiratory
      reservoir and a PEEP valve can, in most clinical weaning situations, satisfy the
      inspiratory peak flow of different respiratory patterns with a standard FGF of 15
      l X min-1.

PMID- 6441435
TI  - General anesthesia with etomidate, alfentanil and droperidol for caesarean
      section.
AB  - Seventy-two pregnant women, all of them admitted for caesarean section were given
      etomidate and succinylcholine for induction of anesthesia. Ventilation was done
      with N2O/O2. Once the baby was delivered, droperidol 5 mg was injected as an anti
      emetic and alfentanil 50 micrograms/kg for analgesia. At the same time an
      alfentanil infusion was started at a rate of 1 microgram/kg/min. The combination
      of etomidate, N2O/O2 and a muscle relaxant was adequate in all patients until
      delivery. The alfentanil infusion of 1 microgram/kg/min. appeared to be
      sufficient in 82% of the patients. The remaining patients needed a temporary
      increase of the infusion rate, which was able to abolish all stress responses
      immediately. Cardiovascular parameters remained quite stable, except during the
      period in which no alfentanil was given. Recovery was fast, patients being alert
      within a few minutes after surgery. Postoperative vomiting occurred in 2 patients
      only.

PMID- 6441436
TI  - Air embolism due to the Mayfield skull clamp.
AB  - During posterior craniotomy of a 77 years old man in the sitting position air
      embolism was monitored and reoccurred not withstanding proper measures. Only at
      the end of the operation the source was discovered: when the head was removed
      from the Mayfield skull clamp the embolism reoccurred once more. All this not
      withstanding the meticulous treatment of the three points of the head holder with
      antibacterial ointment, in the beginning.

PMID- 6441437
TI  - Etomidate and alfentanyl infusion for major surgery.

PMID- 6441438
TI  - Cerebro-ocular dysplasia-muscular dystrophy (COD-MD) syndrome.
AB  - The Fukuyama form of congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), first described in
      Japan, is associated with distinct dysplastic cerebral malformations including
      agyria and micropolygyria of cerebral cortex, micropolygyria of cerebellum, and
      leptomeningeal gliomesodermal proliferations. We describe seven cases in four
      families from the United States with a syndrome similar to FCMD but with
      additional ophthalmic malformations. We believe that these cases represent a form
      of congenital muscular dystrophy different from FCMD and termed it cerebro-ocular
      dysplasia-muscular dystrophy (COD-MD) syndrome.

PMID- 6441439
TI  - Sphingomyelin lipidosis in a cat: Golgi studies.
AB  - Alterations in neuronal geometry in a feline model of sphingomyelin lipidosis
      were evaluated using Golgi staining. Neurons in cerebral cortex, basal ganglia,
      amygdala, thalamus, and cerebellum were impregnated and many were found to
      possess conspicuous enlargements at the axon hillock-initial segment region
      (meganeurites) and/or to sprout secondary neuritic processes from this same area.
      The latter were sometimes well developed and resembled small dendrites. These
      changes were cell type specific with distribution limited to certain types of
      neurons in select brain regions, while others remained normal, or underwent only
      simple somatic enlargement or generalized degenerative changes. Occasional
      cortical pyramidal neurons also displayed thinning of dendrites and extensive
      loss of dendritic spines. These observations add sphingomyelin lipidosis to other
      neuronal storage disorders in which aberrant neurite growth and meganeurite
      formation accompany lysosomal enzyme deficiency and the associated metabolic
      alterations and storage. Although meganeurite-like expansions have been reported
      to occur in many storage disorders, the appearance of axon hillock-associated
      neurite growth on morphologically mature neurons has been identified heretofore
      only in the gangliosidoses, and in feline models of alpha-mannosidosis and
      mucopolysaccharidosis type 1.

PMID- 6441440
TI  - Menstrual dysfunction in Norwegian top athletes.
AB  - Of 301 Norwegian female top athletes, all members of the national team in 27
      different sports, who were approached with a questionnaire about menstrual
      function, 278 (92.4%) responded. Ninety-nine of the respondents who used oral
      contraceptives were excluded. Of the remaining 179, 18 (10.1%) reported secondary
      amenorrhea (greater than 4 months since the last period) and were chosen for
      further studies. Blood samples were drawn for hormonal analyses between 10 and 12
      a.m. and at least 12 hours after the last training session. Their mean age was
      20.8 years (range 18-27), mean height 169.8 cm (160-180), mean weight 58.5 kg (51
      67), and their mean age at menarche 14.6 years (13-16.5), significantly older
      than that of the other top athletes: 13.5 years (p less than 0.05). Their mean
      number of training hours per week was 16.1 (12-24). Hormonal changes were
      consistent with simple normoprolactinemic hypothalamic suppression, characterized
      by low values of FSH, estradiol-17 beta and prolactin. The androgen hormones
      demonstrated high levels of dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone levels were within
      normal limits, but in the upper part of the range, whereas sex hormone-binding
      globulin was in the lower normal range.

PMID- 6441441
TI  - Pregnancy in a young woman with hypergonadotropic "ovarian failure".
AB  - A case of pregnancy in a 20-year-old woman with hypergonadotropism and streak
      gonads is presented, illustrating the difficulties of diagnosing premature
      ovarian failure.

PMID- 6441442
TI  - ABO-blood groups and D-antigen in simple and capsular glaucoma.
AB  - ABO-blood groups and Rh-factor (D-antigen) were determined in 236 patients with
      POAG, 104 simple and 132 capsular glaucoma. There was a statistical significant
      difference in the ABO-distribution between the two glaucoma subgroups, and also
      between the capsular-group and our control material. The simplex-group did not
      differ from the control material in this respect. For the Rh-group (D-antigen) no
      differences were found, neither between the two glaucoma subgroups nor between
      each of them and a reference material.

PMID- 6441443
TI  - Surgical procedure and implanted material description.
AB  - The 12 intracochlear electrode placement is greatly facilitated by using our
      electrode-bearer which is introduced through the round window via a posterior
      tympanotomy approach. However, partial or complete ossification of the cochlea
      may oblige us to use again our first technique of one-by-one electrode placement,
      using Silastic pieces through 12 cochlear fenestrations. The microconnectors and
      the receptor are also described.

PMID- 6441444
TI  - Morphological changes following cochlear implantation in the animal model.
AB  - Examination of the effects of cochlear implantation in the animal model has made
      it increasingly clear that biological changes may be induced by the device. In a
      preliminary study we established a damage threshold at 400 microA RMA (70
      microCoul/cm2/phi) after a single three-hour exposure to continuous 1 kHz
      sinusoidal stimulation. By systematic modification of stimulation parameters in
      the present study we have sought to establish damage thresholds and patterns of
      histological change in the chronically stimulated animal and further elucidate
      the mechanisms underlying the histopathological change in a second acute animal
      preparation. In part one, chronic stimulation at 1 000 Hz for a total of 12 hours
      distributed over a four-week period resulted in a lower damage threshold at 15-20
      microCoul/cm2/phi, the lowest value tested. In addition to sensory and supporting
      cell degeneration osteoneogenesis and spiral ganglion cell degeneration were also
      observed. These findings are of some relevance under conditions of prolonged
      implantation and stimulation in the human. In part two of the study, acute
      stimulation for a three-hour period at 100 Hz reduced the damage threshold from
      400 microA to 200 microA RMS. This inverse relationship between threshold and
      frequency suggests that electrophoretic effects are, at least in part,
      responsible for the histological changes observed. The threshold shift was less
      than predicted, however, making it less likely that a single factor is
      responsible for the stimulation-induced damage.

PMID- 6441445
TI  - Initial observations of a human temporal bone with a multi-channel implant.

PMID- 6441446
TI  - Implanted material tolerance studies for a multiple-channel cochlear prosthesis.
AB  - We have performed a number of temporal bone and animal studies in order to
      evaluate the histopathological effects of intracochlear electrode implantation
      and chronic electrical stimulation. Our results indicate that (a) the insertion
      of a free-fit scala tympani array results in minimal damage to the membranous
      labyrinth; (b) the materials used in the electrode array evoke mild tissue
      reactions when implanted subcutaneously, in muscle, or within the scala tympani;
      (c) intracochlear electrical stimulation for periods of 500 to 2000 hours, using
      carefully controlled biphasic pulses, does not adversely affect the population or
      neural activity of the primary auditory neurones; (d) labyrinthine infection
      severely reduces the number of viable spiral ganglion cells; (e) an adequate
      fibrous tissue seal of the round window can prevent the spread of infection from
      the bulla to the implanted cochlea in cats, following inoculation of the bulla
      cavity with bacteria; (f) bone growth is not associated with electrical
      stimulation per se; (g) the electrode arrays show minimal platinum dissolution
      and no apparent degradation of the Silastic carrier following periods of long
      term intracochlear electrical stimulation.

PMID- 6441447
TI  - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in newborn males with primary testicular failure.
AB  - Four infants with genital ambiguity but with apparent testes were given a
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test and a human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG) test at age 3-12 days. The results were compared with those from 16 newborn
      males (aged 2 to 6 days) with minor genital anomalies; 9 with unilateral and 3
      with bilateral incomplete testicular descent, 2 with surgically insignificant
      glandular hypospadias and 2 with penis length less than (means-2 SD) for
      gestational age. Treatment with testosterone resulted in clear phallus growth in
      all four patients. All four patients had elevated basal luteinizing hormone (LH)
      concentrations as well as an exaggerated LH response to GnRH; three of them also
      had an exaggerated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) response. Thus in all
      patients the etiology of genital ambiguity was considered to be testicular. The
      testosterone response to hCG was normal in two of the patients but impaired in
      the other two. The steroidogenic response did not show any specific enzyme
      defect. We conclude that newborn boys with Leydig cell failure are clearly
      hypergonadotropic, the GnRH test is a more sensitive indicator of Leydig cell
      failure neonatally than the hCG test and normal testes greatly inhibit the
      secretion of both LH and FSH during the first week of life.

PMID- 6441448
TI  - Relation between antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins and
      colonization/infection in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the antibody
      response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, elastase, alkaline protease and
      phospholipase C in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Only the chronically
      colonized patients showed elevated antibody titres to phospholipase C (22/22
      patients), alkaline protease (16/22 patients), exotoxin A (15/22 patients) and
      elastase (5/22 patients). In a few patients where serial specimens were
      available, rising titres were recorded to all four antigens during periods of
      active infection. Antibiotic treatment resulted in decrease of titres against all
      four antigens, but only the anti-exotoxin A and anti-elastase titres decreased to
      normal levels. Titres to phospholipase C were the least influenced by antibiotic
      treatment. The results imply different roles for these exoproteins in chronic
      colonization versus active infection. The levels of P. aeruginosa antibodies to
      exoproteins could probably be used in monitoring treatment of patients with CF.

PMID- 6441449
TI  - Evidence of circulating interferon-gamma in newly diagnosed diabetic children.
AB  - Acid-stable interferons (IFN-alpha or IFN-beta) are produced by nucleated cells
      infected by virus, while acid-labile interferon (IFN-gamma) is synthesized by
      activated T-lymphocytes. IFN-gamma or an atypical form of acid-labile IFN-alpha
      have been observed in the circulation of some patients with autoimmune disease.
      It is believed that autoimmunity and/or viral infections are involved in the
      pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. We therefore examined the
      sera of newly diagnosed diabetic children for the presence of virus-induced or
      acid-labile IFN. Significant IFN levels (greater than or equal to 8 U/ml) were
      observed in 11 of 29 patients when compared to 31 healthy children in the same
      age range. The inhibitor is characterized by species specificity, acid-lability
      and neutralization with anti-serum for IFN-gamma.

PMID- 6441450
TI  - Selenium status of infants on nutritional support.
AB  - We investigated the selenium status of 5 infants while on nutritional support.
      After 4 weeks of parenteral nutrition a significant fall in plasma selenium
      concentrations was observed (mean +/- SD: 0.8 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl; normal for
      this age: 3.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl). In 1 infant the decline in selenium value
      occurred simultaneously with a transient rise in transaminases. A parallel but
      delayed decrease in red blood cell-glutathione peroxidase activity was seen in 3
      patients. After reintroduction of enteral foods, the selenium levels increased
      progressively to and reached control values after 6 weeks, 4 and 5 months
      respectively in 3 patients, suggesting that the selenium requirement on TPN was
      not met. We consider it essential to provide longterm TPN patients with
      physiological amounts of selenium in order to prevent the progressive development
      of a deficiency state.

PMID- 6441451
TI  - Histopathological and morphometrical study of the human epididymis and testis.
AB  - Histopathological and morphometrical observations of the epididymis and testis
      were performed on 159 autopsy cases and 3 surgical materials of orchiectomy. The
      serum values of testosterone, FSH, LH, and values of intratesticular testosterone
      were measured in a certain number of the cases. Concerning the epididymis,
      increasing arteriosclerotic change was observed in the older epididymis. A high
      incidence of hyalinization of small arteries and arterioles was found in the
      younger epididymis. Eosinophilic microbodies were seen in the epithelial nuclei
      of the ductus epididymidis with high incidence in the older age groups. They were
      thought to be a catabolic compound containing phospholipids and protein resulting
      from cell degeneration of the mucosal epithelium. The diameter of the ductus
      epididymidis decreased with age. Inflammatory changes and ensued periductal
      sclerosis were found in the efferent duct area with an extremely high incidence.
      Serum values of testosterone correlated with both the age and morphological
      scoring calculated on the basis of either clusters or individual Leydig cells.
      Furthermore, testicular volume was inversely correlated with age.

PMID- 6441452
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland with monoclonal cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin.
AB  - A 56-year-old Japanese man with a malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland was
      reported. The tumor was located in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, and
      somewhat invaded the surrounding soft tissues, but the regional lymph nodes were
      not involved. Histologically, the tumor was composed of round cells with
      plasmacytoid configurations and small lymphocytes. The plasmacytoid cells showed
      eccentric nuclei with fairly marked irregularities and perinuclearr halos. In a
      large number of tumor cells, a monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg), IgG
      Kappa type, was demonstrated by the PAP method. Ultrastructurally, some of the
      tumor cells showed well-developed endoplasmic reticulum. From these findings,
      this tumor was diagnosed as a diffuse B-cell lymphoma, mainly composed of
      lymphoplasmacytoid cells. And this tumor may bear a similar nature to an
      extramedullary plasmacytoma of the classical terminology. Malignant lymphoma of
      the parotid gland is rare but a case with the demonstration of monoclonal CIg is
      considered very rare.

PMID- 6441453
TI  - A "monoclonal" feature of immunoglobulins on the membrane of lymphocytes in
      patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6441454
TI  - Two cases of constitutional unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with marked retention
      of indocyanine green.
AB  - Two cases of chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and marked retention of
      indocyanine green (ICG) are described. Since bilirubin uridine diphosphate (UDP)
      glucuronyl transferase activities were depressed in their liver, the patients
      seemed to have bilirubin metabolism similar to that in Gilbert's syndrome.
      However, the ICG fractional disappearance rates of the cases were rather low
      (0.018 and 0.019) compared to the rates reported for Gilbert's syndrome. These
      results suggest that the patients had a new metabolic disorder which results in
      constitutional unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and ICG intolerance.

PMID- 6441455
TI  - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia--40th anniversary.

PMID- 6441456
TI  - Benign monoclonal gammapathy.
AB  - The natural history of benign monoclonal gammapathy (BMG) has been followed by
      repeated studies of patients with M components through periods up to two decades.
      The disappearance of an M component is quite exceptional--in this material only
      once. Populations with increase in IgG, IgA and IgM have been studied separately.
      Slow, but steady, increase through many years may be found without development of
      myeloma (MM). Rapid transition from a steady state of the M component to
      progression is rare and usually, but not always, indicates the development of
      clearcut myeloma. Intermediate patterns are not uncommon and make it very
      difficult in rare individual cases to draw a sharp line between myeloma that
      should be treated and the benign state that should only be observed. The cause of
      pain may be difficult to judge. Osteolytic foci in the skull are usually
      diagnostic for MM, but vertebral fracture may also occur in osteopenia. It is
      evident that a period of at least three years of close observation without
      treatment should be the routine. "Prophylactic" treatment of BMG with cytostatic
      drugs should never be attempted.

PMID- 6441457
TI  - Plasmapheresis and cold sensitivity of immunoglobulin molecules. I. A study of
      hyperviscosity, cryoglobulinemia, euglobulinemia and macroglobulinemia vera.
AB  - There is a close connection between molecular changes of the Ig molecule with
      sinking temperature and the syndrome of hyperviscosity. The cryoglobulins are
      usually macroglobulins or complexes between IgM and other immunoglobulin classes.
      Many of these molecules can also be characterized as euglobulins. The connection
      between precipitation in the cold and in solutions with low electrolyte content
      is studied. Data on these connections are presented. The dependence of relative
      viscosity on the temperature has been investigated in a large number of sera from
      patients with different diseases. It is clear that most of these cold-sensitive
      globulins are macroglobulins (IgM). A number of viscosity curves at different
      temperatures in such sera are given. Also a few sera from patients with IgG
      myeloma have similar curves. The change in viscosity with lower temperatures
      implies that relative viscosity has to be determined at 37 degrees C in order to
      correspond to the condition in the living body. In practice, however, it is
      usually correct to state that IgM levels above 40 g/l are an indication that
      plasmapheresis should be considered. The best clinical sign is obtained by
      ophthalmoscopy. Difficulties with the counting of leukocytes and platelets in
      electronic counters may be caused by the presence of macroglobulins, usually but
      not always, cryoglobulins.

PMID- 6441458
TI  - Polymeric Bence Jones proteins in serum in myeloma patients with renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - The polymeric forms of Bence Jones protein (BJ) in serum and the influence on
      renal function were investigated in 59 patients with multiple myeloma and 2 with
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Eight of 35 patients with kappa and 26 with
      lambda type BJ protein had decreased renal function. The investigation showed a
      considerable variation between patients in serum concentrations of tetrameric
      (T), dimeric (D) and monomeric (M) forms of BJ protein. A significantly higher
      fraction of D forms of BJ protein resulting in a high D/M ratio was found in the
      myeloma patients compared with polyclonal light chains in 10 normal controls. The
      renal function in multiple myeloma was, however, not correlated to the D/M ratio
      or to the BJ protein tetramers. This suggests that the nephrotoxicity of BJ
      proteins is not associated with polymerization of BJ proteins in serum. BJ
      proteins of aberrant size were found in 3 patients with rapidly decreasing renal
      function. Histological investigation in 2 of these patients revealed nodular
      glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 6441459
TI  - Venous blood ammonia concentrations in adult epileptic patients are increased by
      treatment with valproic acid.

PMID- 6441460
TI  - [Enamel and dentin structures: the effects of demineralizing agents and the
      implications for the bonding of biomaterials].

PMID- 6441461
TI  - Aphidicolin and eukaryotic DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6441462
TI  - DNA polymerase activities of mammalian cell-cycle mutants and "wild-type" cells
      in different states of proliferative activity and quiescence.

PMID- 6441463
TI  - Replication in vitro of adenovirus DNA.

PMID- 6441464
TI  - Experimental leprosy in nonhuman primates.

PMID- 6441465
TI  - Obesity in macaques: spontaneous and induced.

PMID- 6441466
TI  - Clearance of histamine from the peritoneal cavity of rats.
AB  - To study the clearance of histamine from the peritoneal cavity of rats, histamine
      was either injected i.p. or released locally by the injection of compound 48/80.
      At various intervals peritoneal fluid was removed and analysed for histamine
      concentration by a fluorometric assay. Exogenous and endogenous histamine were
      cleared from the peritoneal cavity at the same rate with a half life of 20
      minutes. The rate was not altered by different histamine concentrations, by
      injection of heparin, and by the removal of peritoneal leukocytes. Repeated
      injections of large amounts of histamine resulted in a decreased clearance. The
      results suggest that histamine concentrations above the physiological level are
      quickly degraded. Activities of histamine as an inflammatory mediator are likely
      to be of short duration.

PMID- 6441467
TI  - Influence of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on the renal effects of
      histamine.
AB  - The increase in renal blood flow and accompanying increase in excretion of
      electrolytes (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, and other osmolar constituents) produced by intra
      renal arterial infusion of histamine in dogs are reduced by the inhibitors of
      cyclooxygenase activity, indomethacin and RO 20-5720, given intravenously. This
      suggests the possibility that histamine might be acting in conjunction with the
      renal prostanoids, either by stimulating their release by activating
      prostaglandin synthesis, or by acting at the PG receptor sites in a similar
      manner.

PMID- 6441468
TI  - Effect of 5-HT on basal and stimulated secretions of acid and pepsin and on
      gastric volume outflow in the in vivo gastrically and intestinally perfused cod,
      Gadus morhua.
AB  - Gastric acid and pepsin responses to 5-HT was measured, in cod, during gastric
      and intestinal perfusions. During basal conditions, both acid and pepsin
      secretions were stimulated by 0.25 mumol/kg X h of 5-HT. A higher dose, 1
      mumol/kg X h inhibited acid secretion and stimulated the output of pepsin both
      during basal conditions and during stimulation with histamine or carbachol.
      Histamine and carbachol, when given alone, were powerful acid stimulators but in
      comparison with 5-HT poor pepsigogues. Most probably due to inhibition of gastric
      volume secretion, gastric outflow volume decreased during treatment with higher
      doses of 5-HT. However, when the intestinal perfusion was omitted and water
      support instead given by the intramuscular route, 5-HT induced a large increase
      in gastric outflow volume. Our results suggest that 5-HT may be a physiological
      regulator of acid and pepsin secretion in the fish. The dipsogenic effect seen in
      the absence of intestinal perfusion indicates that 5-HT may be involved also in
      the regulation of drinking.

PMID- 6441469
TI  - Lectins modulate prostaglandin E2 production by rat peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The effect of Aloctin A (Alo A), a lectin having anti-inflammatory activities, on
      prostaglandin (PG) E2 production by activated rat peritoneal macrophages was
      compared with that of concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), plsum
      sativum agglutinin (PSA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA). Alo A, WGA, Con A and PSA
      at 10 micrograms per ml inhibited PG E2 production. But SBA, even at a dose of 1
      microgram per ml, stimulated PG E2 production. The inhibition by Alo A treatment
      of the release of radioactivity from (3H)arachidonic acid-labeled macrophages and
      the stimulation of this release by SBA treatment were observed. The uptake of
      (51Cr)-labeled sheep red blood cells by the macrophage was inhibited by Alo A,
      Con A, and PSA, all at 10 micrograms per ml and SBA at 1 microgram per ml,
      however, WGA at 10 micrograms per ml stimulated the uptake of the sheep red blood
      cells. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory properties of Alo A was discussed.

PMID- 6441471
TI  - [The effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor on male infertility].
AB  - From August 1979 to August 1981, 272 patients with the chief complaints of
      sterility visited our University Hospital. Flurbiprofen was administered to 40 of
      the 164 cases of idiopathic male sterility. Flurbiprofen of 120 mg was
      administered daily for 3 consecutive months. Drug use was discontinued in 2 cases
      because of severe digestive symptoms. Semen findings were compared before and
      after the medication. In the cases with sperm concentration over 10 X 10(6)/ml,
      sperm concentration and motility were improved in 26.9% and 23.1%, respectively.
      In the cases with sperm concentration under 10 X 10(6)/ml, sperm concentration
      and motility were effective in 8.3% and 25.0%, respectively. LH and FSH levels in
      blood were not different between before and after the administration. On the
      other hand, testosterone level in blood tended to increase a little, but not with
      statistically significance. Digestive symptoms and skin eruption were found in 4
      cases and one, respectively.

PMID- 6441470
TI  - A comparative study of the antiinflammatory activity of fentiazac and its major
      metabolite, p-hydroxy fentiazac.
AB  - Wy-25,110, the p-OH metabolite of fentiazac was approximately 100 times less
      potent than fentiazac after oral administration in rat carrageenan edema and 100
      130 times less potent as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis by mouse
      peritoneal macrophages. In addition, Wy-25,110 was one twelfth as active as
      fentiazac against immunologic-induced inflammation on day 16 in rat adjuvant
      arthritis. Wy-25,110 was also much less potent than fentiazac when administered
      intravenously, suggesting that inadequate oral absorption does not account for
      its lack of potency. Thus it seems unlikely that the p-OH metabolite contributes
      greatly to the antiinflammatory properties of fentiazac.

PMID- 6441472
TI  - [Anti-tumor effect of intravesical instillation of mitomycin C combined with
      cytosine arabinoside].
AB  - The anti-tumor effect of twice a week instillation of 30 mg mitomycin C combined
      with 200 mg cytosine arabinoside dissolved in 30 ml saline was studied in 37
      bladder tumor patients. Endoscopic or histological disappearance of the tumor was
      observed in 19 cases, average instillation being 16.4 times. Small (less than 1
      cm in diameter), low grade, low stage and villous-surfaced tumors were more
      sensitive to this therapy. Further more, in the cases showing a complete
      response, frequency of the intravesical tumor recurrence significantly decreased
      compared with the cases showing no response. The clinical results of this therapy
      are compared mainly with those of TUR performed at our hospital, and the
      usefulness and clinical limitation of this kind of management in the treatment of
      bladder tumors are discussed.

PMID- 6441473
TI  - Detection of chloramphenicol residues in pigs with different agar diffusion
      methods.

PMID- 6441474
TI  - The fox as definitive host for Sarcocystis sp. Gjerde, 1984 from skeletal muscle
      of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). With a proposal for Sarcocystis tarandivulpes n.
      sp. as replacement name.

PMID- 6441475
TI  - Sarcocystis hardangeri and Sarcocystis rangi n. sp. from the domestic reindeer
      (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Norway.

PMID- 6441476
TI  - The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) as definitive host for Sarcocystis
      spp. of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).

PMID- 6441477
TI  - A comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray and sodium
      cromoglycate nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
AB  - The prophylactic use of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) aqueous nasal spray was
      compared with sodium cromoglycate (SCG) nasal spray in the management of seasonal
      allergic rhinitis. Eighty-six patients with proven grass pollen sensitivity were
      given either a BDP or SCG nasal spray to use for six weeks during the hay fever
      season of 1982. Patients were seen prior to the start of treatment, once during
      and finally after six weeks therapy. Throughout they kept a daily record of
      symptoms and medication. Assessments of symptom control showed the BDP to be
      significantly better than SCG (p less than 0.05). Further analyses, in particular
      of patients with severe hay fever and days with high pollen counts confirmed the
      superiority of BDP over SCG in controlling symptoms. It was interesting to note
      that in study the symptom score correlated best with the pollen counts one day
      earlier. Additional medication requirements were similar in the two groups.
      Although the patients' assessments were similar for the two treatments, those of
      the physician indicated the BDP to be more effective than SCG in preventing or
      alleviating symptoms. The incidence of side effects was low and similar in both
      treatment groups. The study indicates that the new BDP aqueous nasal spray is
      effective and well tolerated by patients with seasonal rhinitis.

PMID- 6441479
TI  - Hemodialysis-associated hypoxemia.

PMID- 6441478
TI  - Human genetics and human rights. Identifying the families of kidnapped children.
AB  - Between 1975 and 1983 in Argentina, at least 145 children were kidnapped with
      their parents or born in captivity to imprisoned women and then separated from
      their mothers. The parents of these children generally remain among the missing
      persons. However, the grandparents of the kidnapping victims and the Argentinian
      government are concerned with identifying these children. Genetic analysis can
      aid in determining whether a child who may be among the kidnap victims is related
      biologically to a particular family. Laboratory analysis of genetic markers in
      human blood enables the calculation of an "index of grandpaternity." This index
      reflects the probability that a child shares genes with a specified set of
      grandparents because he is their grandchild compared to the probability he and
      they share similar genes only by chance. The most useful system for this analysis
      is HLA, although other genetic markers including blood groups, red cell enzymes,
      plasma proteins, and DNA polymorphisms can be tested to provide adequate
      information in families with only one or two living grandparents. This approach
      has been applied successfully in Argentina, with an index of grandpaternity for
      one family of 99.9%, based on HLA typing only.

PMID- 6441480
TI  - [Clinico-hormonal aspects of the pathogenesis of epithelial tumors of the
      ovaries].

PMID- 6441481
TI  - [Brain function and artificial respiration].
AB  - Haemodynamic changes (cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow) and
      variations of blood gases (especially paCO2) induced by mechanical ventilation,
      can influence cerebral function. The cerebral response to these changes is
      modified by the individual pathophysiology of the cranial contents. The cerebral
      mechanisms of adaptation allow a safe ventilation of a patient without cerebral
      disorders, provided ventilation is within normal clinical limits. In patients,
      however, whose mechanisms of adaption are impaired locally or globally, the
      pathophysiological situation may become grossly changed by variations in the
      ventilatory pattern. A therapeutical application of this interaction is
      controlled hyperventilation to lower intracranial pressure. On the other hand,
      changes in the ventilatory pattern (variation of PEEP-level, variation of minute
      volume, bronchial toilet) can impair cerebral function critically. As the
      individual reactions cannot be predicted in this group of patients, monitoring of
      haemodynamic parameters (MAP, CVP, CO), blood gases, intracranial pressure, and
      EEG is of utmost importance.

PMID- 6441482
TI  - Direct enantiomeric resolution of some 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene derivatives
      by high-performance liquid chromatography with ionically and covalently bonded
      chiral stationary phases.

PMID- 6441485
TI  - [Oocysts beside sarcocysts in the muscles of an Antarctic seal].

PMID- 6441483
TI  - The termination of spinomesencephalic fibers in cat. An experimental anatomical
      study.
AB  - The projections to the midbrain from the spinal cord have been investigated in
      the cat with the degeneration technique and by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      as an anterograde tracer. Two types of spinal cord lesions were performed: 1)
      Cordotomies at cervical or thoracic levels transecting the ventral and lateral
      funiculi. 2) Transections of the ventral, ventrolateral, dorsolateral or dorsal
      funiculus, respectively, at cervical levels. In the anterograde tracing
      experiments HRP was injected into the spinal cord at cervical, lumbar or sacral
      levels. The results show large projections to the lateral and ventrolateral parts
      of the periaqueductal gray (PAG1), the posterior pretectal nucleus (PP) and the
      nucleus of Darkschewitsch (D). More moderate projections go to the medial
      division of the periaqueductal gray (PAGm), the cuneiform nucleus (CF), the
      mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), lateral part of the deep layer of the
      superior colliculus (SP) and magnocellular medial geniculate nucleus (GMmc),
      while scattered spinal fibers are present in the dorsal part of the
      periaqueductal gray (PAGd), the external inferior collicular nucleus (IX), the
      intermediate layer of the superior colliculus (SI), the lateral part of the red
      nucleus (NR) and in the Edinger-Westphal portion of the oculomotor nucleus (3).
      In addition a few fibers are present in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (CA)
      and anterior pretectal nucleus (PAc). The results indicate that at midcervical
      levels most of the spinomesencephalic fibers ascend in the ventral funiculus,
      with only a moderate fraction ascending in the ventral half of the lateral
      funiculus. Almost no fibers ascend in the dorso-lateral funiculus and none appear
      to pass in the dorsal funiculus. No distinct somatotopic pattern was found in the
      spinomesencephalic projections, but more fibers from cervicobrachial segments
      terminate in the rostral than in the caudal parts of the terminal fields in PAG,
      CF, SP and IX, while the lumbar fibers were more numberous in the caudal parts.
      PP seems to receive spinal fibers mainly from the caudal half of the cord.

PMID- 6441484
TI  - Effects of dorsal rhizotomy on the several types of primary afferent terminals in
      laminae I-III of the rat spinal cord. An electron microscope study.
AB  - After cervical dorsal rhizotomy, small dark central terminals (C1) of glomeruli
      underwent electron dense changes at 8 h and were all degenerated at 36 h; their
      number persisted, though slightly diminished, up to 15 days, glial engulfment
      being negligible. Light large central terminals without neurofilaments (CIIa)
      showed electron-lucent or electron-dense degeneration from 14 to 36 h, while
      those with neurofilaments (CIIb) exhibited increased neurofilamentous areas, with
      depletion and presynaptic concentration of synaptic vesicles as in the electron
      lucent change, at the 8-36 h postrhizotomy periods. Both CII-varieties were all
      degenerated at 36 h and became electron dense at 48 h; glial phagocytosis was
      intense and no terminals were present after 4 days. It is concluded that in the
      rat the 3 types of central glomerular terminals are primary axons, and that each
      type undergoes a different pattern of degeneration which points to a separate
      primary afferent origin. Numerous nonglomerular axodendritic endings began
      showing electron-dense degeneration at 8 h which rapidly masked their normal
      structure, although most appeared to contain round agranular vesicles, and some
      of them dense-cored vesicles (in lamina I). A few endings exhibited electron
      lucent degeneration. Labeling methods seem preferable for studying the primary
      origin of nonglomerular terminals, due to the difficulty in recognizing the
      normal predegenerative structure of these profiles.

PMID- 6441487
TI  - Canine and feline thyroid function assessment with the thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone response test.
AB  - A canine and feline pituitary-thyroid function test based on thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation of endogenous thyrotropin is described. Serum
      thyroxine is measured before and after stimulation with TRH. A positive response
      to TRH indicated a functionally intact pituitary-thyroid axis. At TRH doses of
      0.002 to 10.0 mg/kg of body weight, dose response of serum thyroxine to TRH
      stimulation was determined. Increasing the dose of TRH increased the duration,
      but not the magnitude, of thyroxine stimulation. At TRH doses greater than 0.1
      mg/kg, drug side effects were salivation, defecation, urination, vomition,
      miosis, tachycardia, and tachypnea. A useful procedure for pituitary-thyroid
      function testing was serum thyroxine measurement before and 6 hours after TRH
      (0.1 mg/kg) stimulation.

PMID- 6441486
TI  - Experimental cantharidiasis in the horse.
AB  - Crystalline cantharidin in an alfalfa cake or in aqueous suspension was given to
      8 horses at a dosage level of 450 to 489 micrograms/kg of body weight (group 1)
      and 2 horses at a dosage level of 720 micrograms/kg (group 2) via nasogastric
      tube. Both group 2 horses and 1 group 1 horse died. Horses were evaluated at 6
      hour intervals for 36 hours and then again at postcantharidin hours 48. Data
      evaluation consisted of a comparison of the nonsurvival and survival data to one
      another and their respective base-line values at each sampling period,
      irrespective of the route of administration and dosage level. Consistent findings
      in both groups included significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases in
      cardiac rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature and decreases in total
      serum Ca, serum Mg, and K concentrations during at least one 6-hour period.
      Calcium and Mg concentrations were still significantly (P less than or equal to
      0.05) depressed at postcantharidin hours 48, although other electrolytes and
      physiologic values had returned to base line. Arterial oxygen tension, total
      protein, serum creatine kinase, arterial CO2, and plasma bicarbonate were
      depressed in surviving horses during 1 or more periods. The most consistent
      clinical signs were anorexia and depression; severe gingival and oral mucosal
      erosions; washing of the muzzle in water; stiff, short-strided gait; and
      synchronous diaphragmatic flutter. One group 2 horse that died had microscopic
      histopathologic features compatible with blister beetle intoxication.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441488
TI  - Characterization of dermonecrotic toxin produced by serotype D strains of
      Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - Dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) produced by serotype D strains of Pasteurella
      multocida, isolated from pigs, was characterized and compared with DNT produced
      by Bordetella bronchiseptica. The DNT prepared by sonication from P multocida or
      B bronchiseptica had dermonecrotic activity and lethal toxicity for guinea pigs
      and mice, and also induced marked atrophy of spleens in the mice. Toxicity of P
      multocida or B bronchiseptica DNT was completely inactivated by heating at 70 C
      for 30 minutes, and was reduced by treatment with trypsin, formalin, or
      glutaraldehyde, indicating that the DNT may be a protein. Although biologic and
      toxic properties of P multocida DNT were similar to those of B bronchiseptica
      DNT, cross-neutralization tests between P multocida and B bronchiseptica
      indicated that DNT from the 2 bacterial species were serologically distinct.

PMID- 6441489
TI  - Coagulation changes in African swine fever virus infection.
AB  - Pigs were infected with highly virulent (Tengani '62), with moderately virulent
      (DR '79) African swine fever (ASF) virus, or with virulent hog cholera (HC)
      virus. Changes in platelet counts, selected coagulation assays and concentrations
      of factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) were monitored. Permeability of aortic
      endothelium was studied after the injection of Evan's blue dye on various days
      after infection with DR '79 ASF virus. Virulent ASF virus caused prolongation of
      the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 1-stage prothrombin time, and
      thrombin clotting time as early as postinoculation day (PID) 4. These changes
      became progressively more severe until death. Both virulent HC and DR'79 viruses
      induced an increase APPT and thrombin clotting time at PID 3 to 4, only
      occasionally did the prothrombin time increased significantly (P less than 0.01).
      The APPT began to decrease on PID 7 and 8, but only DR'79-infected pigs lived
      long enough to regain a normal APTT. Infection by ASF viruses caused acute
      thrombocytopenia after PID 6 and platelet counts of HC virus-infected pigs
      decreased progressively from the onset of fever to levels of 1 to 2 X 10(5)/mm3
      at PID 6 to 7. All ASF virus-infected pigs had an increase in VIIIR:Ag beginning
      at PID 3, with maximum increases at PID 6 to 7. Hog cholera virus infection did
      not cause consistent changes in levels of VIIIR:Ag. Pigs infected with DR'79
      virus did not have increased vascular permeability to Evan's blue dye during
      infection; however, there was markedly decreased staining of the aorta after pigs
      became thrombocytopenic.

PMID- 6441490
TI  - Antimicrobic effects of Lactobacillus fermentation on edible waste material
      contaminated with infected carcasses.
AB  - Survival of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Salmonella enteritidis serovar
      typhimurium (introduced as infected carcasses) in Lactobacillus-fermented edible
      waste material was studied to determine the ability of the fermentation to
      activate disease agents in carcasses. Two trials were conducted. In the 1st
      trial, the fermented wastes contained 20% infected carcasses (protein) consisting
      of equal numbers of chicken (NDV) and rat (Salmonella) carcasses, and the 2nd
      trial contained 40% carcasses (protein). Mixtures were incubated at 20 C, 30 C,
      and 40 C for 216 hours. Samples were obtained daily for quantitative virus and
      bacterial isolation. Temperature, pH, and redox potential were monitored. In both
      trials, pH and redox potential changes occurred between 24 and 48 hours depending
      on the incubation temperature. In both trials, NDV survived 4 days at 20 C, 2
      days at 30 C, and 1 day at 40 C. Salmonella enteritidis serovar typhimurium
      survived 5 days at 20 C, 1 day at 30 C, and was not isolated from the 40 C
      samples after 24 hours in both trials.

PMID- 6441491
TI  - Experimental infection of fetal and newborn Suffolk sheep with scrapie virus.
AB  - Fetal (n = 21) and newborn (n = 7) Suffolk sheep were inoculated with scrapie
      virus isolated from other Suffolk sheep. Twenty fetuses, 76 to 109 days of
      gestational age, were inoculated IM in the neck through the uterine wall and were
      examined for virus 47 to 322 days later by mouse inoculation. Scrapie virus was
      not detected before 254 days of age; only traces of virus were detected in 3 of 7
      lambs examined thereafter (2 at 254 days of age and 1 at 322 days of age). Virus
      was limited to the supra-pharyngeal, prescapular, and mesenteric lymph nodes.
      Seven lambs were inoculated into the palatine tonsils with scrapie virus as
      newborns (3 to 12 days old) and were examined for virus when they were 147 to 210
      days old. Virus was not detected in the lymphoreticular tissues or terminal
      portion of ileum of any lamb. Failure to find scrapie virus in these lambs and in
      most lambs inoculated as fetuses might indicate few had became infected. However,
      if most lambs and fetuses had become infected, the long zero phase of the
      infection could have accounted for failure to find scrapie virus in many of them
      examined too soon after inoculation. The limited findings of this study indicate
      that efforts to demonstrate prenatal or neonatal transmission of scrapie by
      detecting virus are hampered by the slowness of its replication.

PMID- 6441492
TI  - [Progressive myositis ossificans. Report of a case and results of treatment with
      disodium etidronate].
AB  - A new case of myositis ossificans progressiva is described. Authors emphasize the
      possibility of early diagnosis because there are characteristic malformations in
      this condition. Treatment with disodium etidronate (EHDP), proposed by some
      authors, had no clear benefit. Management of patients must concentrate on
      avoidance of exacerbating factors--muscle traumas--, physiotherapy and adequate
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 6441493
TI  - [Multiple congenital fibromatosis].

PMID- 6441494
TI  - [Acquired Von Willebrand's disease associated with idiopathic thrombopenic
      purpura].

PMID- 6441496
TI  - Metabolites of cardiac antiarrhythmic drugs: their clinical role.
AB  - Most antiarrhythmic drugs are extensively metabolized, and the accumulation of
      the metabolites of several of these drugs has been documented. In some cases, the
      steady-state plasma concentrations of metabolites are considerably greater than
      is the concentration of the parent drug. Several of these metabolites have been
      evaluated in animal models for antiarrhythmic activity and their potencies have
      been defined relative to the activity of their parent compound. Evaluations of
      activity are generally conducted in animal arrhythmia models, and very few
      metabolites of antiarrhythmic drugs have been evaluated directly in patients.
      However, from knowledge of antiarrhythmic activity in animals and the degree to
      which a metabolite accumulates in the plasma of patients, one can make
      qualitative judgments about its therapeutic role. Such judgments, however, need
      to be recognized as tenuous. Quantitative judgments require further information
      regarding the relationship between the parent drug and metabolite when present
      simultaneously in the myocardium. One must consider whether the effects of the
      parent drug and metabolite are additive, synergistic, or even antagonistic. The
      latter case is most possible with drug-metabolite pairs where the metabolite
      accumulates substantially, but does not have significant antiarrhythmic potency.
      Other considerations include noncardiac effects of the metabolites. As in the
      case of the mono-desethyl metabolite of lidocaine, the significance of its
      accumulation relates more to central nervous system side effects than to direct
      cardiac actions. The role of active metabolites also much be considered in regard
      to differences in the disposition kinetics between the parent drug and
      metabolite. The most obvious situation where this is important is in designing
      clinical drug evaluation protocols. As illustrated by the metabolites of
      encainide and lorcainide, the time course of accumulation and disappearance of
      the metabolites may be much longer than that of the parent drug. Clinical
      evaluations at steady state must take into account the time required to achieve
      steady-state concentrations of the metabolites as well. Similarly, after
      discontinuation of drug administration, the time required before washout is
      complete may be totally dependent on the kinetics of the metabolite, and not the
      parent drug. Variability in metabolic activity also needs to be considered. It
      has been shown with procainamide and encainide that genetic factors can influence
      the rate of production of active metabolites and consequently influence the
      clinical efficacy of these drugs. Another consideration that deserves attention
      is the question of drug interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6441495
TI  - Electrophysiology and pharmacology of aprindine, encainide, and propafenone.

PMID- 6441497
TI  - Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose in a hollow-fiber reactor.

PMID- 6441498
TI  - Rotating ring-disc electrode: its use in studying mass transport resistances
      through immobilized enzyme support matrices.

PMID- 6441499
TI  - New immobilization techniques and examples of their applications.

PMID- 6441500
TI  - Chromophoric sulfonyl chloride agarose for immobilizing bioligands.

PMID- 6441501
TI  - Enzyme stability and glucose inhibition in cellulose saccharification.

PMID- 6441502
TI  - Current status of activity assays for tissue plasminogen activator.
AB  - Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a serine protease involved in the
      fibrinolytic system that dissolves blood clots. The enzyme catalyzes the
      conversion of a zymogen, plasminogen, to the enzymatically active form, plasmin,
      by limited proteolysis. In the course of searching for specific activity assays
      that might be useful in monitoring the purification of TPA, we have developed
      several coupled photometric assays. In addition, radioactive, agarose-plate, and
      other activity assays have also been considered and investigated for this purpose
      (Table 1). We have previously reported the one-step photometric procedure
      consisting of a thioester, thiobenzyl benzyloxycarbonyl-lysine (Z-Lys-S-Bzl) and
      fibrinogen-coated plates. It is simpler and more sensitive than the old two-step
      method without using immobilized fibrinogen. The new assay has been used
      successfully for protein purification and can be easily adapted to automated
      processes. Recently, other chromogenic substrates, D-Val-L-Leu-L-Lys-p
      nitroanilide (Val-Leu-Lys-pNA) and D-Ile-L-Pro-L-Arg-p-nitroanilide (Ile-Pro-Arg
      pNA) were also used in the one-step assay. It is found that TPA activity is
      greatly enhanced by immobilized fibrinogen and free fibrinogen when either the
      thioester. Val-Leu-Lys-pNA, or Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA were used in the colorimetric
      assay (Fig. 1, A-D). Enzyme kinetics studies indicate that the Km for plasminogen
      assayed on the thioester and fibrinogen-coated plates is 1.5 micrograms per ml,
      which is substantially lower than that observed in untreated plates (4.8
      micrograms per ml). This is not due to the effect of fibrinogen on the second
      step of the coupled photometric assay because there is no change in the plasmin
      activity under these conditions (Fig. 1E). Similar results in TPA activation have
      also been observed, when fibrin-coated plates were used. Free fibrinogen, which
      is an activator of TPA, has been included in the standard assay mixture. We are
      able to detect less than 1 ng of TPA activity within a one-hour incubation time
      at 20 degrees C (Fig. 2A). In the thioester assay, however, high concentrations
      of reducing agents and nonspecific proteins cause significant background due to
      the interaction of DTNB with these reagents. 125I-labeled fibrin-coated plates
      had been extensively used in the past for urokinase and TPA assays. Although the
      sensitivity of the radioactive procedure is equivalent to that of the thioester
      photometric method, it appears that the kinetics of the enzyme are not easy to
      follow nor is the reproducibility great.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6441503
TI  - Series-type enzyme deactivation kinetics: influence of immobilization, chemical
      modifiers, and enzyme aging.

PMID- 6441504
TI  - [Venous approach in pediatric oncology. Arteriovenous fistulas or central venous
      catheters?].

PMID- 6441505
TI  - Use of a new hemostatic scalpel in plastic surgery.
AB  - This assessment of a new hemostatic scalpel in plastic surgery is based on one
      surgeon's personal experience with this instrument in 348 cases representing a
      variety of procedures. With its improved hemostatic capabilities the hemostatic
      scalpel may offer the following advantages: better visualization of the surgical
      field, enhanced precision, and more delicate control. Considerable time and
      experience are necessary, however, before the scalpel can be used safely and
      competently.

PMID- 6441506
TI  - [A new complication of duodenal diverticulum: occlusion of the small intestine by
      a bezoar].

PMID- 6441507
TI  - [Bromocriptine and the growth hormone response to thyroliberin in the insulin
      dependent diabetic].
AB  - The effect of bromocriptine on growth hormone (GH) responses to TRH was studied
      in 14 insulin-dependent diabetics. The effect of this dopaminomimetic agent was
      inconstant. In the 6 patients with inadequate responses of GH to TRH,
      bromocriptine inhibited this response. Inversely, it appeared capable of
      stimulating a GH response in certain non-responders. The could suggest the
      existence of disturbances of dopaminergic control of GH secretion in diabetics,
      but the lack of reproducibility of responses of GH to TRH makes this an uncertain
      conclusion.

PMID- 6441509
TI  - More intense focal seizure types after callosal section: the role of inhibition.
AB  - Corpus callosum section reduces the incidence of generalized seizures associated
      with loss of consciousness. Minimal data are available, however, regarding the
      types of seizures that may be present following surgery. Five of 17 patients in
      our clinic who underwent partial or complete corpus callosum section developed
      more intense and sometimes newly patterned (but not necessarily more frequent)
      focal seizures postoperatively. These patients were not predictably different
      from the other 12 in terms of age at onset of seizures or at surgery, cause of
      seizures, extent of callosum sectioned, radiographically demonstrable structural
      lesions, or the types of preoperative seizures. All 5 patients, however, had
      bilateral independent frontal electroencephalographic foci. No patients without
      these electroencephalographic findings developed more intense focal seizures
      after surgery. The findings are consistent with the results of experimental
      animal studies and argue for a suppressive influence of the contralateral
      hemisphere on some types of seizures.

PMID- 6441508
TI  - [The co-localization of monoamines and enkephalins in the central nervous
      system].
AB  - After examination of some particular methodological problems concerning the
      visualization of monoaminergic and "enkephalin containing" central neurones, the
      colocalisation of enkephalins in certains monoaminergic neurones is reported.
      Thus, in rat and cate raphe nuclei many serotoninergic cell bodies display
      enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ELI). In the cat locus coeruleus complex most
      catecholaminergic neurones contain ELI. Further, the synthesis in situ of
      enkephalins is strongly suggested by the fact that synenkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity is also detected in these monoaminergic neurones. Synenkephalin
      is the N terminal part to the bovine medullosurrenal pro-enkephalin. Monoamine
      enkephalin colocalisation has been shown in peripheral neurones and adrenal
      medulla. The possible functionnal significance of the coexistence of monoamine
      enkephalins in neurones is discussed. In particular, some hypothetical levels of
      interaction are considered.

PMID- 6441510
TI  - Alexander's law: its behavior and origin in the human vestibulo-ocular reflex.
AB  - Alexander's law refers to the phenomenon in which the spontaneous nystagmus of a
      patient with a vestibular lesion is more intense when the patient looks in the
      quick-phase than in the slow-phase direction. Alexander's law was investigated in
      normal subjects as well as patients with vestibular lesions. During sinusoidal
      rotations of normal subjects, there was no trace of this phenomenon when subjects
      looked 25 degrees left and right in the dark. The phenomenon of Alexander's law
      is therefore created centrally and is not due to any mechanical properties of the
      orbit. During rotation at constant velocity in the dark, normal subjects did
      weakly demonstrate Alexander's law because of a mild gaze-evoked nystagmus
      present in normal subjects in the dark. Gaze-evoked nystagmus from a cerebellar
      lesion involved a pronounced demonstration of Alexander's law during rotatory
      nystagmus. In patients with a vestibular lesion and a mild spontaneous nystagmus
      in the dark that obeyed Alexander's law, the nystagmus reversed upon far gaze in
      the slow-phase direction. We propose that in patients with a vestibular lesion,
      the phenomenon of Alexander's law is created by the sum of vestibular nystagmus
      and an abnormally large gaze-evoked nystagmus that is consequent to the
      vestibular lesion. This conclusion has a number of neurological implications
      concerning the ways in which the nervous system attempts to compensate for
      vestibular lesions.

PMID- 6441511
TI  - Effect of azone and propylene glycol on penetration of trifluorothymidine through
      skin and efficacy of different topical formulations against cutaneous herpes
      simplex virus infections in guinea pigs.
AB  - Tropical formulations of 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (TFT) containing
      different concentrations of TFT, Azone (Nelson Research and Development, Irvine,
      Calif.), and propylene glycol were evaluated for their potential efficacy in the
      treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections by in vitro studies of TFT
      penetration through skin and in vivo studies of therapeutic activity against
      herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in the dorsal cutaneous guinea pig model.
      Azone dramatically increased TFT penetration through human and guinea pig skin.
      Unexpectedly, high concentrations of propylene glycol were also associated with
      increased penetration. Studies in the guinea pig model revealed increased
      efficacy with Azone-propylene glycol-containing formulations, consistent with the
      in vitro drug diffusion results. A formulation containing 1% TFT, 5% Azone, and
      80% propylene glycol decreased lesion area, in comparison to the drug vehicle
      control, more effectively than 5% acyclovir in polyethylene glycol (reduction of
      70 versus 46%, P = 0.03). These studies demonstrate the value of penetration
      enhancing agents and the need for careful preclinical evaluations in the
      development of topical antiviral agents.

PMID- 6441512
TI  - Effect of hyperbaric oxyhelium gas on response of bacteria to antimicrobial
      agents in vitro.
AB  - Modern diving techniques can require the treatment of infection in an atmosphere
      of pressurized oxyhelium gas. The antibiotic susceptibility of 16 species and
      strains (eight genera) of gram-negative bacilli and 3 species and strains (two
      genera) of gram-positive cocci to each of 21 antimicrobial agents was assessed in
      air at atmospheric pressure and in oxyhelium gas at an absolute pressure of 7 bar
      (ca. 709 kPa). A disk diffusion technique was employed, and significantly
      different results were obtained in the two atmospheres. The effect of oxyhelium
      on diameters of growth inhibition varied significantly with the bacterium and
      with the antibiotic and was particularly marked with certain bacterium-antibiotic
      combinations. The gram-negative bacilli generally gave reduced zone diameters in
      oxyhelium, whereas the gram-positive cocci showed a mixture of effects.

PMID- 6441513
TI  - Mycocerein, a novel antifungal peptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus cereus.
AB  - A peptide was obtained from culture filtrates of a bacterium which was newly
      isolated and tentatively named Bacillus cereus SW. The peptide was composed of
      Asx, Ser, Glx, Leu, Tyr, Pro, and an unknown amino acid in a ratio of
      2:1:1:1:1:1:1, but, unless hydrolyzed with HCI, it was ninhydrin reaction
      negative. The peptide effectively inhibited the growth of all fungi and yeasts so
      far examined, whereas it inhibited none of the bacteria tested.

PMID- 6441514
TI  - The cell wall-associated inulinase of Kluyveromyces fragilis.
AB  - The yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis (ATCC 12424) was grown on a 2% inulin-1% yeast
      extract medium for 36 h and subsequently fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde. The
      glutaraldehyde treatment did not affect the beta-fructofuranosidase (inulinase,
      EC 3.2.1.7) activity of the cells but it did make the cells resistant to chemical
      and physical treatments that normally release beta-fructofuranosidase from
      untreated cells. The enzyme in the treated cells exhibited Km values for sucrose
      and raffinose identical to those obtained for the free enzyme. The cell wall of
      the treated cells exhibited the same diffusion properties for sucrose, raffinose,
      and inulin as those observed for untreated cells. The beta-fructofuranosidase was
      not bound covalently to the cell by the glutaraldehyde treatment. The results
      support the permeability barrier model for the enzyme retention in the yeast cell
      wall.

PMID- 6441515
TI  - Coenzymes of methanogenesis from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
AB  - Methanogenic bacteria gain their energy for growth from the conversion of a
      number of simple carbon compounds to methane. With a few exceptions all species
      known to date are able to reduce CO2 at which hydrogen acts as the electron
      donor. The reduction of CO2 can formally be considered to proceed through the
      formyl, the formaldehyde and the methyl level of reduction. These C1-units do not
      occur as free intermediates, but they remain bound to a number of unique
      coenzymes during the process. In this paper a survey is given of the structures
      and functions of these compounds; it deals with methanopterin derivatives, carbon
      dioxide reduction (CDR) factor, factor F430 and coenzyme M derivatives. A model
      of the process of methanogenesis that integrates previous ones and that allocates
      a function to the various coenzymes is presented.

PMID- 6441516
TI  - Evaluation of milk and nutrient intakes of school children in Nigeria.
AB  - The study was conducted to evaluate the contribution made by school milk to the
      nutrient intake of 246 primary school children in urban and rural areas of
      Anambra State, Nigeria. The information collected included a brief medical
      examination, socio-economic data, food consumption pattern and a weighed food
      intake. Urban and rural children who drank school milk had a mean daily intake of
      426 ml compared with only 185 ml per day for children who did not receive school
      milk. Children who drank school milk daily, when compared with those who did not,
      had higher statistically significant mean daily intake for several nutrients
      including calcium and riboflavin (p less than 0.001) in both sexes and groups;
      protein and fat for rural children (p less than 0.01) and vitamin A for urban and
      rural boys (p less than 0.001). Symptoms suggestive of lactose intolerance were
      low in the population investigated. The relative beneficial effects of milk
      supplementation were more marked in rural than in urban children.

PMID- 6441518
TI  - Feeding behavior after hypothalamic 6-hydroxydopamine injections.
AB  - 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into the rat hypothalamus produces profound
      changes in eating behavior and body weight gain. Willis and Smith have
      demonstrated an anorexic effect of lateral hypothalamic (LH) 6-OHDA, which they
      correlate with local catecholamine release from degenerating axons just behind
      the lesion. Work from our own laboratory has recently demonstrated that 6-OHDA
      injection into the medial paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has an initial effect of
      stimulating daily food intake and body weight gain. It is suggested that this
      phenomenon, consistent with reports of enhanced eating with PVN injection of
      norepinephrine (NE), is due to 6-OHDA-induced release of endogenous NE.
      Subsequently, PVN 6-OHDA causes hypophagia and reduced body weight. Although
      histochemical and biochemical analyses reveal a 60-90% decrease in PVN
      norepinephrine and dopamine after 6-OHDA treatment, a close association between
      the precise degree of catecholamine loss and magnitude of behavioral response
      could not be detected.

PMID- 6441517
TI  - A role for amine accumulation in the syndrome of ingestive deficits following
      lateral hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - Lesions of the lateral hypothalamus produce ascending catecholamine neuron
      degeneration which results in terminal depletion and proximal accumulation above
      the lesions. The occurrence of deficits in ingestive behaviour has been
      attributed traditionally to the loss of functional dopamine neurotransmitter in
      the terminal fields. However, release of functional amines may occur in the
      lateral hypothalamus at areas of accumulation, to produce at least some of the
      behavioural symptoms characterizing the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. Recovery
      from behavioural deficits as a result of various pharmacological treatments,
      after dopamine-depleting lesions, may be mediated by changes in amine release or
      modified sensitivity of receptors affected by released amines. We conclude that
      amine accumulation should be considered when interpreting experiments implicating
      central catecholamine systems in the control of consumatory behaviour and the
      regulation of body weight.

PMID- 6441519
TI  - Artificial red cells with crosslinked hemoglobin membranes.
AB  - Artificial cells containing concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solution were prepared
      by interfacial polymerization of Hb with glutaraldehyde (GA) in liquid membrane
      capsules (LMC). A solution containing 30% of Hb was emulsified in mineral oil as
      red cell-size microdroplets, and this emulsion was dispersed in an aqueous phase
      containing glutaraldehyde to form LMC. The LMC were semipermeable templates that
      held the microdroplets of Hb in suspension while GA diffused through the oil to
      the microdroplet surfaces. The GA crosslinked Hb at the surface of each
      microdroplet to form an artificial red-cell membrane encapsulating Hb solution. A
      water-soluble surfactant was used to eject the cells from the LMC and suspend
      them in saline. Several surfactants were evaluated. Cell size was controlled by
      agitation speed during preparation of the original emulsion. Cells of 2.52 = +/-
      1.69 micron were prepared. The encapsulated Hb retained capacity to bind and
      release O2. The cells had a P50 of 8.9 torr (1200 Pa) and a capacity of 0.55 cc
      O2/g of total Hb, indicating that the crosslinked portion of the Hb did not
      contribute to O2 transport.

PMID- 6441520
TI  - Magnetic microcapsules for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
AB  - To achieve targeted distribution of anticancer drugs with sustained activity,
      ferromagnetic ethylcellulose microcapsules containing an anticancer drug,
      mitomycin C (FM-MMC-mc), were prepared by a method based on phase separation
      principles. Two prototypes of FM-MMC-mc were made: one with the drug as the core
      and zinc ferrite on its capsular surface (outer type); the other with both the
      drug and zinc ferrite as the core (inner type). Both preparations provided a
      sustained-release property and a sensitive response to conventional magnetic
      force, although certain differences in the release rate of drug, magnetic
      responsiveness, and particle size were found between the two dosage forms. Animal
      studies showed that the magnetic microcapsules could be magnetically controlled
      in the artery and urinary bladder. VX2 tumors in the rabbit hind limb and urinary
      bladder were successfully treated with magnetic control of FM-MMC-mc.
      Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the targeting of the microcapsules markedly
      enhanced the drug absorption into the surrounding tissues for a prolonged period
      of time. The results indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the magnetic
      microcapsules as a targeted drug delivery system.

PMID- 6441521
TI  - Injectable microencapsulated islet cells as a bioartificial pancreas.
AB  - Rat islets encapsulated in semipermeable membranes remained viable in culture for
      4 months. Multiple allotransplants of islets encapsulated in alginate-polylysine
      polyethyleneimine membranes restored normoglycemia in recipient diabetic rats for
      most of a 90-day experimental period. Each individual transplant restored normal
      fasting plasma glucose levels for 15-20 d. The failure of the encapsulated islets
      was caused by an inflammatory response induced by polyethyleneimine. In contrast
      a single transplant of islets encapsulated in a biocompatible alginate-polylysine
      alginate membrane restored normoglycemia in recipient animals for up to 10
      months. Capsules with intact membranes and containing viable islets were
      recovered from the abdominal cavity 5 months post-transplantation. SEM studies on
      capsule membranes revealed essentially smooth surfaces. Differences between wet
      and dry wall thicknesses indicated that the membrane is a hydrogel, 4.00 +/- 0.28
      micron thick in an aqueous environment. The clinical potential of transplanting
      cells encapsulated in biocompatible semipermeable hydrogel membranes is
      demonstrated by this study.

PMID- 6441522
TI  - Hepatitis B or non-A, non-B virus infection in multitransfused thalassaemic
      patients.
AB  - We undertook a four year study of 128 thalassaemic patients who had undergone
      several transfusions, to determine the incidence of hepatitis B virus markers and
      the activities of transaminases in their sera each month. The results showed that
      the possibility of these patients contracting hepatitis B virus infection is
      still high, although on only one occasion was a transient antigenaemia found,
      indicating low viral replication. Furthermore, the probability of contact with
      hepatitis B virus increases with the number of transfusions and, therefore, with
      age. About 25% of these patients were positive for hepatitis B markers and 80%
      for other hepatitis markers including the case of cytomegalovirus hepatitis.

PMID- 6441523
TI  - Prospective, controlled study of a polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine in cystic
      fibrosis--three year results.
AB  - Thirty four children with cystic fibrosis allocated to pseudomonas vaccine and
      control groups were studied for three years. No significant differences were
      observed in the numbers colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or in the overall
      disease progress of the two groups.

PMID- 6441524
TI  - Abnormalities of factor VIII related protein multimers in the haemolytic uraemic
      syndrome.
AB  - Factor VIII related activities and factor VIII related antigen multimeric
      analysis have been assessed in two sporadic and eleven epidemic cases of
      haemolytic uraemic syndrome. In all patients factor VIII related antigen was
      raised and had an abnormal multimer pattern at presentation. The return to normal
      of factor VIII related antigen values and multimeric analysis patterns paralleled
      clinical improvement and, therefore, may be useful in monitoring patients with
      haemolytic uraemic syndrome. We postulate that endothelial cell damage releases
      the abnormal high molecular weight factor VIII related antigen multimers and that
      this may cause platelet agglutination in vivo.

PMID- 6441525
TI  - Hypercalcaemia in extremely low birthweight infants.
AB  - We report 10 cases of hypercalcaemia associated with hypophosphataemia in the
      first two weeks of life in extremely low birthweight infants (birthweight less
      than 1000 g). At the time of diagnosis, the infants were fed mainly with
      expressed breast milk but they had also received intravenous nutrition. After
      treatment with additional phosphate plasma calcium concentrations returned to
      normal. There was a high incidence of rickets of prematurity in these infants.

PMID- 6441526
TI  - High and conventional rates of positive pressure ventilation.
AB  - We compared high frequency positive pressure ventilation with conventional rate
      ventilation in 23 preterm infants with the idiopathic respiratory distress
      syndrome. Nine infants (10 studies) were making spontaneous respiratory efforts
      during conventional ventilation that abated at 100 breaths per minute. Six of
      these showed an increase in TcPo2 of at least 10% at the higher rate (mean
      18.5%). Two babies showed no change during high frequency positive pressure
      ventilation, and in one baby (the largest) the TcPo2 fell. Eight infants were
      apnoeic at both ventilator rates: five suffered a fall in TcPo2 of at least 10%
      at 100 breaths per minute (mean 19%) and three were unchanged. A further six
      infants (seven studies) would not tolerate a reduction in rate from 100 breaths
      per minute without an increase in FIO2. Failure to tolerate a conventional
      ventilator rate in these circumstances seemed related to the onset or a
      noticeable increase in spontaneous respiratory efforts.

PMID- 6441527
TI  - Role of the microcomputer in formulating neonatal nutrition regimens.

PMID- 6441528
TI  - Endocrine and reproductive dysfunction in men associated with occupational
      inorganic lead intoxication.
AB  - In an attempt to define a postulated effect of lead on male endocrine function,
      seven men with symptomatic occupational lead intoxication (maximum whole blood
      lead levels 66-139 micrograms/dl) underwent in-patient endocrine evaluation at
      the time of diagnosis. Defects in thyroid function, probably of central origin,
      were present in three patients. Six patients had subnormal glucocorticoid
      production measured by 24-hr urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and plasma
      cortisol responses to vasopressin- and/or insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Although
      serum testosterone concentration was normal in six patients, five had defects in
      spermatogenesis, including two with oligospermia and two with azoospermia. Repeat
      examinations after chelation therapy showed only partial improvement. It is
      concluded that heavy occupational exposure to lead, sufficient to cause clinical
      poisoning, may be associated with diffuse disturbances of endocrine and
      reproductive functions in men which are not rapidly reversible with standard
      treatment. Since men without overt poisoning have not been studied, these results
      cannot yet be included as sequelae of low-dose exposures.

PMID- 6441530
TI  - Chagas' disease in the Amazon basin IV. Host records of Trypanosoma cruzi
      zymodemes in the states of Amazonas and Rondonia, Brazil.
AB  - Of 151 Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from 117 different individual hosts collected in
      the states of Amazonas and Rondonia, 147 from 113 hosts were identified as
      zymodeme 1 (Z1). These included T. cruzi stocks from three marsupial species, two
      rodent species and three triatomine species although most were from the common
      opossum, Didelphis marsupialis. One T. cruzi stock from Rhodnius robustus was
      identified as Z1 with a Z3 PGM character, one from Sciurus sp. as Z3 and two from
      Monodelphis brevicaudata and Panstrongylus geniculatus as Z3 with a Z1 ASAT
      character. The ways in which stocks were isolated and grown up in vitro did not
      influence isozyme profile. These results support earlier evidence from Para State
      that Z2 is absent from the Amazon basin and that the distribution of T. cruzi
      zymodemes in this region is quite different to that in endemic areas on the south
      of the continent.

PMID- 6441529
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin action and bone resorption by copper.
AB  - Mouse calvaria were maintained in organ culture without serum additives. The
      effects of Cu2+ on bone resorption and on the synthesis and action of
      prostaglandins were studied. Non-toxic concentrations of copper sulphate (5
      microM) were found to decrease active resorption, measured by 45Ca release, to
      54% control values (p less than 0.001), while prostaglandin F (PGF),
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, (6-keto-PGF1 alpha),
      determined by radioimmunoassay, were increased above controls (p less than 0.05).
      These effects of Cu2+ on prostaglandin synthesis were confirmed by the isolation
      and quantitation of [3H]-labelled metabolites released from calvaria which had
      been pre-labelled with [3H]-arachidonic acid. PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were all higher in copper-exposed calvaria, but
      their relative amounts remained unchanged. There was no evidence that Cu2+
      influenced the mobilisation of [3H]-arachidonic acid from prelabelled calvaria.
      The stimulation of bone resorption by exogenous prostaglandins was decreased in
      the presence of Cu2+ (p less than 0.005), while parathormone-mediated bone
      resorption was virtually unaffected. Cu2+ also increased the inhibition of bone
      resorption seen with indomethacin (p less than 0.05). In addition to the effects
      of the metal on prostaglandin action Cu2+ also decreased beta-glucuronidase
      activity in the media to 86% of the control values (p less than 0.001). The
      action of Cu2+ in inhibiting bone resorption in vitro appears complex but does
      not involve inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. It is likely that Cu2+ has
      more than one inhibitory locus.

PMID- 6441531
TI  - Spirulina as a nutrient source in experimental media for maintaining the
      schistosome vector, Biomphalaria glabrata.

PMID- 6441532
TI  - Echinococcus granulosus antigens: comparative analysis of human, bovine and ovine
      hydatid fluids.

PMID- 6441533
TI  - Protective effect of FR35447 on experimental cerebral infarction.
AB  - The protective effect of 2-(5-chloro-2-phenoxyanilino)-2-imidazoline [FR35447] on
      cerebral infarction was examined in animal models. FR35447 in p.o. doses of 1
      mg/kg or more caused a marked reduction of arachidonate-induced cerebral
      infarction in rats. Since FR35447 (10(-6) M) inhibited platelet aggregation
      induced by adrenaline plus the divalent cation ionophore A23187, as did yohimbine
      (10(-6) M), the protective effect of FR35447 is presumed to be due to its
      blocking activity on the alpha 2 adrenoceptors of platelets. However, additional
      mechanisms appear to participate in the protective effect of FR35447 on cerebral
      infarction. A ten-day treatment with FR35447 in p.o. doses of 1 to 10 mg/kg/day
      decreased serum lipid peroxide levels in vitamin E deficient rats, suggesting
      that FR35447 may have free radical scavenging activity. Moreover, FR35447
      (greater than or equal to 10(-5) M) increased red cell deformability. These
      effects of FR35447 suggest that it may be useful in preventing or treating
      cerebral infarction.

PMID- 6441534
TI  - Some consequences of the evolution of the human pelvis.

PMID- 6441535
TI  - [Effect of an antiglucocorticoid steroid on the arterial hypertension induced by
      glucocorticoids in the rat].
AB  - Hypertension was induced in male rats by administration of a glucocorticoid
      agonist, RU 26988. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased by 35 mmHg.
      Administration of an antimineralocorticoid derivative, RU 28318, did not modify
      hypertension. In contrast administration of a steroid derivative with
      antiglucocorticoid properties, RU 38486, prevented glucocorticoid-induced
      hypertension in a large part. SBP augmented only by 10 mmHg. The glucocorticoid
      increased total and active, ouabain-sensitive, 22Na efflux, as measured from
      caudal arteries, whereas concomitant administration of the antiglucocorticoid
      derivative prevented these changes. It is suggested that glucocorticoid-induced
      hypertension may be related to vascular Na pump activation and to the subsequent
      ionic changes. These changes, as well as hypertension, are antagonized by steroid
      derivatives with antiglucocorticoid properties.

PMID- 6441536
TI  - [Experimental study of the hypotensive effect of apomorphine].
AB  - The effects of central (intracisternal: i.c.) and peripheral (intravenous: i.v.)
      administration of apomorphine (200 micrograms/kg) were compared in chloralose
      anaesthetized dogs. I.v. or i.c. apomorphine induced a decrease in blood pressure
      (BP) and an increase in heart rate (HR). However, the decrease in BP was more
      marked after i.c. route. This effect was due to an activation of presynaptic
      dopaminergic receptors since it is suppressed by i.v. haloperidol of i.v.
      phentolamine. I.v. atropine abolished the induced-tachycardia. I.v. but not i.c.
      domperidone suppressed the hypotensive response to i.v. or i.c. apomorphine. The
      decrease in BP induced by apomorphine was not found in dogs deprived of adrenal
      medulla. These results confirm the hypotensive properties of apomorphine and
      suggest the involvement of peripheral dopaminergic mechanisms in this effect.
      Dopaminergic agonists may represent a new class of antihypertensive drugs.

PMID- 6441537
TI  - [Acute hypotensive effect of a central dopaminergic agonist, piribedil,
      administered intravenously in the normotensive human].
AB  - Ten normotensive patients including 5 parkinsonian and 5 dystonic patients
      received 3 mg piribedil intravenously over a 15 min period. This dopamine
      receptor agonist rapidly induced a fall in blood pressure together with a
      simultaneous reduction in heart rate and temperature. No change was observed when
      patients (four) were pretreated with a dopamine receptor blocking agent,
      haloperidol. It is concluded that acute dopamine receptor stimulation leads to a
      decrease in blood pressure. The hypotension could be centrally-mediated since the
      hypothermia, considered to be central in origin, parallels the blood pressure and
      heart rate changes.

PMID- 6441538
TI  - [Biofeedback of blood pressure information in man: changes in the
      electroencephalographic power spectrum].
AB  - Modifications of attention in cardiovascular field with the aim of a perceptive
      activity focused on a vegetative feature may include in man: a specific arousal
      component linked to significant visual information (blood pressure); an
      unspecific attention component (P300), obvious in modifications of averaged
      visual response in the same time to a background unsignificant stimulation.

PMID- 6441539
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of hypertension in pregnancy. Study of 442 cases].
AB  - We studied retrospectively the case records of 442 women who were followed
      because of hypertension during a pregnancy. Pregnancy hypertension was more
      frequent in white european than in black or arabic women. It occurred more
      frequently in women with an important professional activity than it did in
      housewives. 58% of patients had a familial history of high blood pressure, 35%
      were obese, 12% had glucose intolerance and 18% had hypercholesterolemia. Those
      frequencies were out of proportion with those in the control population. Finally,
      32% of patients remained hypertensive after pregnancy. It is concluded that
      pregnancy hypertension occurs mainly in women whose genetic and metabolic
      background is that of essential hypertension.

PMID- 6441540
TI  - [Changes in the activity of renal intracortical kallikrein during induction of
      Goldblatt arterial hypertension of the 2 kidney--1 clip type in the rat].
AB  - Renal tissue kallikrein and proteins were measured in two kidney-one clip
      Goldblatt hypertensive rats both in the stenotic and the controlateral kidney and
      in sham operated rats at either 1 or 2 weeks after clipping. Activity was
      assessed by the amidolytic activity and by the kininogenase activity. Kallikrein
      in normotensive controls was 97.4 +/- 13 ng of bradykinin min-1 mg-1 of protein
      at week 1 and increased up to 116 +/- 18. Kallikrein in the GH rats was 83 +/- 12
      in the stenotic kidney and 85,6 +/- 14 in the controlateral one at week 1, these
      values remained unchanged at week 2. As a consequence renal tissue kallikrein
      became significantly lower in the GH rats only at week 2 when compared to
      controls both the clipped and unclipped kidney showed the same magnitude
      decrease. Protein concentration remained at a steady level through out the 2
      weeks of study. The results suggest that the lower renal kallikrein activity
      secondary to hypertension found in GH rats result from a decreased activation of
      prekallikrein in both kidney.

PMID- 6441541
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, blood volume, serum uric acid and urinary
      excretion of prostaglandins and kallikrein in the arterial hypertension induced
      by pregnancy].
AB  - The plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma volume (PV), urinary excretion of
      Kallikrein (UK) and PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were measured in
      24 ambulant patients without treatment on normal sodium diets with pregnancy
      induced hypertension (HT) (diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 mmHg,
      appearing after 20 weeks' pregnancy and absent 2 months after delivery). The UK
      was measured by an esterase technique, prostaglandins by radioimmunological assay
      and PV by dye dilution (Evans blue). Two subgroups of patients were identified
      according to the evolution of their blood pressure at rest at home; the first (7
      patients) with labile HT, and the second (14 patients) with permanent HT. The PRA
      was significantly lower (p less than 0,001) in patients with permanent compared
      to labile hypertension (4,7 +/- 0,3 compared to 12,2 +/- 0,8 ng/ml/h) and
      compared to a control group of normotensive pregnant women (6,5 +/- 0,5). The PV,
      expressed as a percentage of the theoretical volume with respect to the stage of
      pregnancy and body surface area was low in both groups. In permanent HT: 1) there
      was no correlation between PV and PRA, 2) a positive correlation between UK and
      urinary 6-keto PGF1 alpha (r = 0,62; p less than 0,001) and PGE2 (r = -0,51, p
      less than 0,05). Discriminative linear analysis showed that urinary 6-keto PGF1
      alpha was mainly related to PRA and to a lesser degree to UK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441542
TI  - [Controlled trial of preventive treatment of preeclampsia. Preliminary results].
AB  - We selected 100 patients at high risk for having preeclampsia and/or intrauterine
      growth retardation, on the basis of their past obstetrical history. At three
      months, they were randomly allocated to treatment group (group A) receiving
      dipyridamole (300 mg/day) and low dose aspirin (150 mg/day) until delivery, or
      control group (group B). Age and parity were similar in both groups. 90 patients
      have delivered at this time. The pregnancy was normal in 54% of patients in group
      A and 23% in group B (p less than 0.01). Preeclampsia occurred in 6 patients in
      group A, none in group B (p less than 0.01). Fetal loss occurred in 5 patients in
      group B, none in group A (p less than 0.01). Duration of pregnancy, as well as
      fetal and placental weights were significantly higher in group A, and IUGR
      significantly less frequent. It is concluded that inhibition of platelet
      aggregation, when used early in pregnancy, may have a significant protective
      effect against preeclampsia and IUGR in high risk subjects.

PMID- 6441543
TI  - [Captopril treatment of arterial hypertension in children after renal
      transplantation].
AB  - 52 children with renal allograft received captopril during 56 periods of
      treatment. High blood pressure (BP) was due to renal artery stenosis in 22
      patients, to diffuse vascular lesions (mainly due to chronic rejection) in 13, to
      high-dose corticosteroid treatment in the early phase in 11, and to various or
      unknown causes in 10 patients. In the last 3 groups (including 34 cases)
      captopril use did not induce any marked drawback. In the absence of overload, a
      good control of BP was obtained with a mean dosage of 2.2 mg/kg (0.7----5 mg/kg).
      A mild, transient renal failure (RF) was observed in 6 patients, who were given
      diuretics without any need. The 22 patients with renal artery stenosis received
      captopril during 26 periods of treatment. The mean dosage was 1.6 mg/kg (0.3
      4.4). The result was excellent in 12 cases (normal BP without any RF), less good
      in 8 cases (moderate RF +/- borderline BP) and poor (acute RF) in 6. Sodium
      depletion, due to diuretics in 9, was present in all 14 cases with RF and in 10
      of them captopril could be continued or reintroduced without any reappearance of
      RF after the correction of salt depletion. We conclude that sodium depletion is
      the main cause of renal failure in transplanted patients receiving captopril and
      that avoidance of diuretics largely diminishes the risk of RF.

PMID- 6441544
TI  - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in the aged with a calcium antagonist:
      nicardipine].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test in double-blind trial the tolerance and
      antihypertensive effect of nicardipine versus placebo in 32 elderly patients
      (mean age: 84 years). Nicardipine was given three times a day (mean dose: 69.4 mg
      per day). After four weeks, nicardipine lowered blood pressure (BP) from 186 +/-
      4 mmHg/99.5 +/- 3 mmHg to 150 +/- 6/84 +/- 3 mmHg (p less than 0.001). 10 out of
      16 patients were normalized (BP less than 160-95 mmHg). The placebo group
      remained hypertensive: 181 +/- 7/96 +/- 4 mmHg versus 183 +/- 4/101 +/- 3 mmHg
      (NS). 3 placebo treated patients were nevertheless normalized. The changes in
      systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly greater in the Nicardipine group:
      respectively -36 +/- 4 versus -2 +/- 6 mmHg (p less than 0.001), -16 +/- 3 versus
      -5 +/- 4 mmHg (p less than 0.05). Treatment was very well tolerated. Orthostatic
      hypotension, change in heart rate, variation in biological parameters were never
      observed. These data agree with Buhler's statement suggesting that calcium
      channel inhibitors can represent an interesting alternative to diuretics as first
      line monotherapy in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly.

PMID- 6441545
TI  - [Renal response to acute expansion of the extracellular volume in renal
      transplant patients].
AB  - The response to acute isotonic saline loading (1 800 ml in 3 hours) was assessed
      in 12 normotensive and 11 hypertensive renal transplant recipients. Both groups
      had similar renal function, daily urinary excretion of sodium and doses of
      steroids. The natriuretic response to saline was not affected in hypertensive
      transplants and changes in blood pressure, renin and aldosterone were identical
      in both groups. Similar correlations between pre-saline fractional excretion of
      sodium (FENa+) and the FENa+ obtained during saline were obtained in normotensive
      and hypertensive patients. These results demonstrate that in renal transplant
      recipients of young donors no exaggeration of the response to saline occurs in
      hypertensive subjects thus suggesting that normal kidneys may carry their
      characteristics when transplanted in a new environment. The role of renal
      denervation remains unclear.

PMID- 6441546
TI  - [Hypertension refractory to treatment. Case-control study].
AB  - From a clinical population of 1290 subjects consecutively hospitalized between
      oct. 1969 and dec. 1976, 343 were re-examined at least three times during the
      four subsequent years, and their blood pressure at the 2nd and 3rd re
      examinations were averaged (BPfu). Two types of refractory hypertensive were
      arbitrarily defined; type A: 58 subjects whose BPfu was greater than or equal to
      200 and/or 120 mmHg, and type b: 53 subjects whose BPfu was greater than or equal
      to 107,5% of the average BP during the first four days of the initial
      hospitalisation. Two case-control studies showed that type A cases had initially
      significantly more severe hypertension (higher systolic and diastolic BP, and for
      the same BP, more severe cardiac and retinal involvement) than the controls; the
      mortality in 8,7 years reached 36%, for the cases and only 18% for the matched
      controls (p less than 0,05). Two similar case-control studies showed that type B
      cases had initially significantly lower systolic and diastolic BP, were
      significantly less treated and more prone to side-effects; the mortality in 8,9
      years reached 25,6% for the cases, and 20,5% for the matched controls (n.s.).

PMID- 6441547
TI  - [Renal insufficiency after administration of captopril in renal artery stenosis
      with a single kidney or bilateral stenosis is not compulsory].
AB  - Acute renal failure has been reported during captopril therapy of hypertension
      due to renal artery stenosis with a single kidney or bilateral renal artery
      stenosis. Under low perfusion pressures inhibition of the renin-angiotensin
      system could disturb the autoregulation, decrease efferent arteriolar resistance
      and lead to a critical decrease in glomerular filtration. Renal function tests
      were repeated in a patient with hypertension due to 90 p. 100 renal artery
      stenosis with a single kidney, before and after captopril administration (sodium
      intake 100 mmol/24 h). (table; see text) Identical results have also been
      observed in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis. Both patients
      presented high risk renal haemodynamic states. The control of systemic blood
      pressure and the fall in filtration fraction were not associated with a critical,
      immediate or short term fall in glomerular filtration. The isolated
      administration of captopril is therefore not systematically contra-indicated in
      these two clinical situations.

PMID- 6441548
TI  - [Familial aggregation of blood pressure].
AB  - Familial aggregation of blood pressure (BP) was studied in 545 families, of which
      370 included natural children only, 24 adopted children only and 175 both natural
      and adopted children. Mean values of four Automatic BP measurements (Dinamap 845)
      were converted into age (adult) or height (children) and sex adjusted scores. One
      comparison per family between parents and randomly chosen index children were
      made. A significant resemblance of blood pressure is observed between natural
      children and their parents: Systolic BP r = 0.24. Diastolic BP r = 0.29. N = 272
      p less than 0.05. Adopted children did not have BP resemblances to the mean BP
      values of their parents but a significant resemblance was found between children
      and their mothers for a small sample (N = 46). Weight, heart rate, age and
      duration of cohabitation do not influence the results. A familial influence on BP
      can be detected in children. However, estimating the relative contribution of
      genetic and common environmental factors to BP correlations between family
      members is difficult. Nevertheless, the BP of children whose parents have high BP
      should be monitored.

PMID- 6441549
TI  - [Biosynthesis of aflatoxins B1 and G1 during growth of the mold Aspergillus
      parasitcus NRRL 2999 in pure and mixed cultures at various temperatures].

PMID- 6441550
TI  - Compound odontoma in a 9 year old male.

PMID- 6441551
TI  - Treatment of low output after cardiac surgery.

PMID- 6441552
TI  - Induction of ovulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin.

PMID- 6441553
TI  - Metabolic effects of ritodrine hydrochloride in the pregnant sheep.

PMID- 6441554
TI  - Changes in haematological values and plasma electrolytes following storage of
      whole blood samples collected from horses.

PMID- 6441556
TI  - Isolation and experimental chicken-embryo-inoculation studies with budgerigar
      papovavirus.
AB  - Attempts to isolate and identify budgerigar papovavirus (BPV) were made during
      three separate outbreaks of disease diagnosed on pathological grounds. Direct
      electron microscopy was successful only when large areas of skin were extensively
      disrupted to release virus and then extracted with fluorocarbon to remove lipids.
      Direct inoculation of budgerigar tissue suspensions into chicken embryos or
      chicken cell cultures failed to produce detectable virus. However, when primary
      cultures of liver and kidney were prepared from affected budgerigars, BPV could
      be detected by electron microscopy and by the production of a cytopathic effect
      at the third or fourth passage in cell cultures. The isolated virus was
      pathogenic for 10-day-old but not 11- or 12-day-old chicken embryos. Inoculated
      11- and 12-day-old embryos produced antibodies to BPV that were detectable 2
      weeks after hatching by agar-gel-immunodiffusion tests.

PMID- 6441555
TI  - Utilisation of wool wax by fleece-rot isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6441557
TI  - Physiological responses of chicken gut tissue to infection with Eimeria
      acervulina.
AB  - Although Eimeria acervulina parasitizes primarily the duodenum of chickens, in
      heavy infections the entire small intestine may become distended. This reaction
      was measured in terms of length, fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture in
      relation to time postinfection (PI) and dose. Increases in percent moisture were
      apparently associated with numbers of infection sites, because higher doses
      caused increased moisture in the more distal portions of the small intestine. The
      first gross intestinal response to infection with 2 X 10(6) sporulated oocysts
      (SO)/bird was an increase in ileal length at 4 days PI. This response was
      followed by increases in fresh weight and dry weight by 7 days PI. At 7 days PI,
      inoculation with 10(4) and 10(5) SO/bird was associated not only with increases
      in fresh and dry weights of ileal segments but with those of jejunal segments as
      well. Infection with 10(6) SO/bird apparently caused sufficient increases in
      jejunal infection sites to overcome the hypertrophy or hyperplasia seen at lower
      doses. At 7 days PI, more mucosal cells could be scraped from ileal segments from
      infected chicks than from controls. Whole cells, as well as mitochondrial
      preparations of these cells, oxidized octanoic acid at higher rates than did
      controls. It is suggested that increased mass and metabolic activity of the more
      distal portions of the small intestine provide a means for compensatory
      absorption of nutrients during E. acervulina infection.

PMID- 6441558
TI  - Comparisons of serologic responses of white Leghorn and New Hampshire red
      chickens to purified lipopolysaccharides of Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - White leghorn and New Hampshire red chickens were inoculated with purified
      lipopolysaccharides of 14 serotypes of Pasteurella multocida to determine their
      ability to produce serotype-specific antisera for somatic antigen typing.
      Specific antisera were made by both breeds of chicken to lipopolysaccharides of
      serotypes 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 16. No specific antisera were made against
      lipopolysaccharides of serotypes 2, 5, 7, 12, and 14. Lipopolysaccharides of
      serotypes 10 and 11 failed to stimulate antibody production. White leghorns were
      more responsive than New Hampshire red chickens. White leghorn antisera had
      higher titers to lipopolysaccharides in passive hemagglutination tests and
      produced more intense precipitin reactions with heat-stable antigens in the gel
      diffusion-precipitin test.

PMID- 6441559
TI  - Considerations in determining cost effectiveness in psychiatric rehabilitation.
AB  - Over the past decade there has been an increasing tendency by mental health
      professionals and economists to evaluate programs in terms of costs and benefits.
      The current paper deals with some of the more important issues which should be
      accounted for when contemplating undertaking a cost benefit analysis or a cost
      effectiveness exercise in the area of psychiatric rehabilitation.

PMID- 6441560
TI  - A new polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine.
AB  - A new polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine consisting of extracts of the 24
      serotypes of the Lanyi typing scheme was developed and evaluated in mouse
      protection studies. The vaccine, mainly consisting of lipopolysaccharides and
      outer membrane proteins was protective in passive and active protection studies.
      A rabbit antiserum against the vaccine showed high protective capacity in the IgG
      fraction and was protective against 3 out of 6 challenge strains in a leucopenic
      mouse model.

PMID- 6441561
TI  - Genetic elements of courtship in Drosophila: mosaics and learning mutants.

PMID- 6441562
TI  - Genetic analysis of sex appeal in Drosophila.

PMID- 6441563
TI  - A few chemical words exchanged by Drosophila during courtship and mating.

PMID- 6441565
TI  - [Dynamics of antibody formation in swine following repeated immunization with
      sporocysts of Sarcocystis miescheriana and a single challenge infection].

PMID- 6441564
TI  - Learning in three species of Diptera: the blow fly Phormia regina, the fruit fly
      Drosophila melanogaster, and the house fly Musca domestica.

PMID- 6441566
TI  - [Isolation and determination of the molecular mass of the RHoD antigen in human
      erythrocytes].
AB  - RhoD antigen was isolated from human erythrocytes using membrane solubilization
      by 2-mercaptoethanol and nonionic detergents BRIJ 35. Initial treatment of
      membrane using water at pH 12, failed to solubilize D antigen, which proved that
      D antigen is an integral protein of erythrocyte membrane. D antigen molecule mass
      was investigated by ultrafiltration and gelfiltration. Molecular mass was
      determined by ultrafiltration in the range of 10-20 000 daltons, and by
      gelfiltration on Sephacryl S--200 as 32 700. Using gelfiltration on Sephadex G
      25, D antigen molecular mass was determined to be less than 25 000 and was
      approximately 14 000 daltons. Discrepancy between those two ways of determination
      by gelfiltration and ultrafiltration could be explained by the possibility that D
      antigen globularity is practically unexpressed.

PMID- 6441567
TI  - [Comparative study of concentrated blood derivatives of factor VIII].
AB  - The work presents results of the investigations of blood derivatives--F VIII
      concentrates: commercial cryoprecipitate, concentrate of intermediary purity and
      derivatives of high purity: Kriobulin--Immuno, Octobulin--Landerlan, Profilate-
      Alfa, Factor VIII--Behring, Hemofil--Hyland, Factorate--Armour Pharma, AHF--Kaote
      Cutter. The following parameters were investigated: VIII: C, VIIIR: Ag, total
      protein, protein electrophoresis, IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulins and anti-A and
      anti-B isoagglutinins. All derivatives except cyroprecipitate have considerably
      higher VIIIR: RAg value compared with VIII: C, which indicated inactivation of
      labile VIII: C component during concentrate preparation. Specific activity varied
      depending on purity of preparations, but ranged from 1,72 to 22. High
      isoagglutinin titer of anti-A was noted in preparations of high purity, as well
      as the presence of immunoglobulins. Despite considerable differences in vitro,
      all concentrated derivatives F VIII have similar immediate clinical effect and
      recovery from 0,87 to 1,36. All results indicate that new ways of derivative F
      VIII purification should be found with lower degree of contamination of other
      plasma proteins and less risk of hepatitis virus transmission. When certain
      indications are recognized, cryoprecipitate produced in our country in all blood
      transfusion services should be used.

PMID- 6441568
TI  - Cross-linking of histones with dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate.
      Interference by a one-end reaction modifying histones at lysine amino groups.
AB  - We have studied the HClO4-solubility of histones H1 and H5 in hen erythrocyte
      nuclei after treatment with the cross-linker dimethyl 3,3'
      dithiobispropionimidate (DTPI). The amount of acid-soluble, non-cross-linked, H1
      and H5 histones was drastically decreased, and that of acid-soluble H1/H5 histone
      dimers went through an optimum as the DTPI concentration was raised. Incubation
      of the HClO4-insoluble fraction with 2-mercaptoethanol regenerated the acid
      solubility of H1/H5 histones in this fraction. When purified H1/H5 histones were
      treated with increasing concentrations of DTPI under non-cross-linking
      conditions, the amount of HClO4-soluble histones also greatly decreased, but to a
      much lesser extent if the DTPI treatment was followed by reduction with 2
      mercaptoethanol. This decrease was inversely correlated to the proportion of
      amino groups modified. It is concluded that, when the cross-linker was used in
      large excess, the cross-linking reaction competed with a one-end reaction
      modifying the histones at lysine amino groups by cross-linker molecules, of which
      the imidoester groups that had not reacted were hydrolysed. It is suggested that
      this modification produced the changes in acid-solubility.

PMID- 6441569
TI  - Ferrous ion-EDTA-stimulated phospholipid peroxidation. A reaction changing from
      alkoxyl-radical- to hydroxyl-radical-dependent initiation.
AB  - The stimulatory effect of ferrous salts on the peroxidation of phospholipids can
      be enhanced by EDTA when the concentration of Fe2+ in the reaction is greater
      than that of EDTA. Hydroxyl-radical scavengers do not inhibit peroxidation until
      the concentrations of Fe2+ and EDTA in the reaction are equal. Lipid peroxidation
      is then substantially initiated by hydroxyl radicals derived from a Fenton-type
      reaction requiring hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide radicals appear to play some
      role in the formation of initiating species.

PMID- 6441570
TI  - Functional changes in rat liver mitochondria on administration of 2-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene.
AB  - Administration of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminobenzene in the diet (0.1%, w/w) for 85
      90 days doubled the content of mitochondria in the livers of rats. The azodye was
      covalently bound to liver proteins, and about 15% of the amount found in liver
      was associated with the mitochondrial fraction. Mitochondria isolated from the
      livers of azodye-fed animals showed drastically lowered ability to oxidize NAD+
      linked substrates. The inhibited electron-transfer step was the reduction of
      ubiquinone. The organelles showed a large increase in succinate oxidase activity.
      The activity of cytochrome oxidase and the content of cytochrome aa3 were
      substantially higher in these organelles. Azodye-fed animals showed depressed
      serum cholesterol concentrations. The content of ubiquinone in liver also
      registered a small increase.

PMID- 6441571
TI  - Adenine nucleotide levels in Rhodospirillum rubrum during switch-off of whole
      cell nitrogenase activity.
AB  - Adenine nucleotide pools were measured in Rhodospirillum rubrum cultures that
      contained nitrogenase. The average energy charge [([ATP] + 1/2[ADP])/([ATP] +
      [ADP] + [AMP])] was found to be 0.66 and 0.62 in glutamate-grown and N-limited
      cultures respectively. Treatment of glutamate-grown cells with darkness, ammonia,
      glutamine, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, or phenazine methosulphate
      resulted in perturbations in the adenine nucleotide pools, and led to loss of
      whole-cell nitrogenase activity and modification in vivo of the Fe protein.
      Treatment of N-limited cells resulted in similar changes in adenine nucleotide
      pools but not enzyme modification. No correlations were found between changes in
      adenine nucleotide pools or ratios of these pools and switch-off of nitrogenase
      activity by Fe protein modification in vivo. Phenazine methosulphate inhibited
      whole-cell activity at low concentrations. The effect on nitrogenase activity was
      apparently independent of Fe protein modification.

PMID- 6441573
TI  - Ca/EGTA solutions: comparison between measured and calculated free calcium ion
      concentrations in the micromolar range.
AB  - We prepared a series of Ca/EGTA solutions and compared the pCa2+free values
      obtained by calculation and measurement with an ion sensitive electrode. Two
      possible reasons for the discrepancies between these values were studied: (1) the
      effect of various association constants used for the calculation of pCa2+free,
      and (2) the influence of deviations of the calcium total concentration in the
      Ca/EGTA solutions from the values used for the calculation. The results obtained
      showed that the main reason for differences between calculated and measured
      pCa2+free values was the nonequimolarity of both stock solutions CaCl2 and EGTA.
      A linear dependence of measured electrode potentials with Nernstian behaviour on
      the calculated pCa2+free in the Ca/EGTA solutions has been obtained with
      carefully equalized stock solutions.

PMID- 6441572
TI  - The relation of protein synthesis to chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis in
      cultured bovine cartilage.
AB  - The effect of cycloheximide on chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis was studied in
      bovine articular cartilage maintained in culture. Addition of 0.4 mM
      cycloheximide to the culture medium was followed, over the next 4h, by a first
      order decrease in the rate of incorporation of [35S]sulphate into
      glycosaminoglycan (half-life, t 1/2 = 32 min), which is consistent with the
      depletion of a pool of proteoglycan core protein. Addition of 1.0 mM-benzyl beta
      D-xyloside increased the rate of incorporation of [35S]sulphate and [3H]acetate
      into glycosaminoglycan, but this elevated rate was also diminished by
      cycloheximide. It was concluded that cycloheximide exerted two effects on the
      tissue; not only did it inhibit the synthesis of the core protein, but it also
      lowered the tissue's capacity for chondroitin sulphate chain synthesis. Similar
      results were obtained with chick chondrocytes grown in high-density cultures.
      Although the exact mechanism of this secondary effect of cycloheximide is not
      known, it was shown that there was no detectable change in cellular ATP
      concentration or in the amount of three glycosyltransferases
      (galactosyltransferase-I, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and
      glucuronosyltransferase-II) involved in chondroitin sulphate chain synthesis. The
      sizes of the glycosaminoglycan chains formed in the presence of cycloheximide
      were larger than those formed in control cultures, whereas those synthesized in
      the presence of benzyl beta-D-xyloside were consistently smaller, irrespective of
      the presence of cycloheximide. These results suggest that beta-D-xylosides must
      be used with caution to study chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis as an event
      entirely independent of proteoglycan core-protein synthesis, and they also
      indicate a possible involvement of the core protein in the activation of the
      enzymes of chondroitin sulphate synthesis.

PMID- 6441574
TI  - [Effect of nootropic agents on the lowering of the spasm threshold after a single
      ethanol application].
AB  - We used the effect of ethanol on the convulsion threshold as model of
      injuriousness to analyse the CNS protective efficacy of nootropics. The CD50 of
      picrotoxine in mice was significantly diminished in comparision with the controls
      between 5 and 6 hours after 66 mmol/kg ethanol administered intraperitoneally and
      between 7 and 8 h after 92.4 mmol/kg. In this moment the administered ethanol was
      already eliminated; the effect is explained as a reversible consequence of the
      previous ethanol exposition. The influence of nootropics was examined. Piracetam
      (0.7 mmol/kg i.p.) as well as methylglucaminorotate (MGO) (0.68 mmol/kg-1 i.p.)
      suppressed the ethanol effect on the convulsibility, pyritinol (0.82 mmol/kg) was
      ineffective, and meclophenoxate (1.02 mmol/kg) by itself decreased the
      convulsions threshold.

PMID- 6441575
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase by ethoxyformic
      anhydride.
AB  - The NADH:ubiquinone, but not the NADH:ferricyanide, reductase activity of
      mitochondrial complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is inhibited by
      incubation of the enzyme at pH 6.0 and 0 degree C with ethoxyformic anhydride
      (EFA), and the inhibition is partially reversed by subsequent incubation of EFA
      treated complex I with hydroxylamine. These results and spectral changes of EFA
      treated complex I in the u.v. region are consistent with modification of
      essential histidyl or tyrosyl residues between the primary NADH dehydrogenase and
      the site of ubiquinone reduction. Treatment of complex I with EFA in the presence
      of high concentrations of Seconal or Demerol did not protect against EFA
      inactivation, suggesting that the site of EFA modification may not be the same as
      the inhibiton sites of Seconal and Demerol. However, the presence of NADH during
      incubation of complex I with EFA greatly enhanced the inhibition rate, indicating
      that the reduced conformation of complex I is more susceptible to attack by EFA.

PMID- 6441576
TI  - Stimulation of fatty acid release in glioblastoma cells by caffeine.
AB  - Caffeine, a well-known behavior stimulant, was found to activate the fatty acid
      release mechanism in glioblastoma cells. The enhancement of the liberation of
      fatty acids from esterified complex lipids by caffeine was time dependent. Cell
      density had a strong influence on the responsiveness to caffeine. The
      mobilization of unsaturated fatty acids were preferentially stimulated by
      caffeine. Therefore, caffeine may alter membrane structure and enhance eicosanoid
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6441577
TI  - Measurement of glutathione requiring enzymes involved in arachidonic acid cascade
      of rat basophilic leukemia cells.
AB  - Rat basophilic leukemia cells have frequently been employed for investigating the
      pathways of leukotriene biosynthesis, a class of biologically active arachidonic
      acid metabolites. However, information is lacking on the levels of selenium
      dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), non-Se-GSH-Px and glutathione S
      transferases (GSH-S-Trs), key enzymes involved in fatty acid hydroperoxide
      metabolism and leukotriene biosynthesis in these cells. Both GSH-S-Trs and non-Se
      GSH-Px reactions are catalyzed by the same enzyme. In the present studies, we
      have measured the enzyme activities of GSH-Px(s) and GSH-S-Trs in the 105,000 X g
      supernatant fraction of sonified RBL-1 cells. The specific activities for GSH
      Px(s) toward H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide, and 15S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic
      acid (15S-HPETE) are 12.6, 17.9 and 26.9 nmoles X min-1 X mg-1 protein,
      respectively. A specific activity of 18.9 nmoles X min-1 X mg-1 protein with 1
      chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was estimated for the GSH-S-Trs. Therefore, the cell
      fraction that exhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity also contains selenium and non
      selenium glutathione peroxidases.

PMID- 6441578
TI  - [Analysis of GTP-binding protein from the bovine retina. Complete amino acid
      sequence of the gamma-subunit].
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of gamma-subunit of GTP-binding protein from
      bovine retina was determined. The polypeptide chain consists of 69 amino acid
      residues. It contains unusual sequence -Cys35-Cys36- with disulfide bridge.

PMID- 6441579
TI  - Cardioprotective action of the new stable epoprostenol analogue CG 4203 in rat
      models of cardiac hypoxia and ischemia.
AB  - [(5Z,13E,9 alpha,11 alpha,15S)-2,3,4-Trinor - 1,5 - inter-m - phenylene - 6,9 -
      epoxy - 11,5 - dihydroxy - 15 - cyclohexyl - 16,17,18,19,20-pentanor]- prosta
      5,13-dienoic acid (sodium salt) (CG 4203) is a new stable epoprostenol
      (prostacyclin) analogue with a relative platelet antiaggregatory potency of 0.46
      (ADP aggregation in vitro) and a hypotensive potency of 0.14 (anaesthetized rat
      i.v.) as compared to epoprostenol. In isolated perfused rat hearts, CG 4203 (4.64
      X 10(-9) mol/l) significantly attenuated arrhythmias and loss of left ventricular
      creatine kinase (CK) activity observed in control hearts after 30 min perfusion
      with hypoxic and 30 min reperfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution. In
      anaesthetized rats, CG 4203 (1.0 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 i.v.) significantly
      reduced incidence of ventricular fibrillation and increase in plasma CK activity
      after ligation of the left coronary artery. Infusion of 1.0 and 2.15 micrograms X
      kg-1 X min-1 CG 4203 i.v. in anaesthetized rats dose-dependently inhibited
      electrocardiographic changes, i.e. ST depression observed after i.v. injection of
      1.0 IU X kg-1 vasopressin. In rat models of sustained myocardial hypoxia,
      myocardial infarction, and transient cardiac ischemia, CG 4203 thus exerts
      cardioprotective effects which, depending on the model considered, may be
      ascribed to either its vasodilatory, coronary dilatory, antiaggregatory or
      epoprostenol-like cytoprotective activity.

PMID- 6441580
TI  - Investigations into the development of tolerance to organic nitrates in conscious
      dogs.
AB  - The role of doses and dose intervals in the development of tolerance towards
      organic nitrates was investigated. It was studied whether the decrease in
      systolic blood pressure (SBP) induced by i.v. injection of 30 micrograms/kg
      glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is influenced by the simultaneous i.v. infusion of GTN
      or isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) - two dose levels each - at doses that
      lower the SBP by 20-35 mmHg. Although infusion of the lower dose of IS-5-MN
      caused a constant plasma concentration that was about 100 times more than that
      required for the anti-anginal effects, the acute GTN response was not reduced.
      However, the acute response was diminished at the other groups. In additional
      investigations incremental doses of IS-5-MN were injected i.v. at different dose
      intervals. It was observed that the responsiveness was nearly identical at dose
      intervals of 24, 4 and 2 h (= 1.3 half-lives in the dog, which is equivalent to a
      t.i.d. dose schedule in man), whereas it was markedly reduced at intervals of 10
      min.

PMID- 6441581
TI  - Bioavailability of orally administered mesna.
AB  - The bioavailability of orally administered sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate
      (mesna, Uromitexan drink ampoules) was tested in 18 healthy probands and in 5
      tumor patients. Following single oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg mesna,
      52.4% and 52.6%, respectively, of the dose were excreted in the urine as reactive
      thiol groups, the remainder as mesna disulfide (dimesna), the only metabolite of
      mesna; after i.v. injection of 20 mg/kg mesna, 48.7% of the dose administered
      appeared as thiol groups in the urine. Not until after 13.1 h (20 mg/kg p.o.) and
      18.5 h (40 mg/kg p.o.), respectively, concentration drops below the minimum
      concentration of 100 micrograms/ml presumed to be still reliably protective.
      However, the elimination pattern and the time when the threshold concentration is
      reached are subject to marked individual variation. After i.v. administration of
      20 mg/kg mesna and 9 times oral administration of 20 mg/kg mesna (the first dose
      concurrently with the i.v. injection, thereafter every 4 h), or 7 times oral
      administration of 20 mg/kg mesna (the first dose again concurrently with the i.v.
      injection, thereafter every 5 h), the percentage of the total dose administered
      appearing as thiol groups in the urine averaged 41.9% and 37.6%, respectively, up
      to 17 or 18 h after the last dose. Comparison of periods covering the same time
      of the day showed the total amount excreted to be higher on day 2 than on day
      1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441583
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural sectors. Infection of domestic
      mammals by Trypanosoma cruzi and new contributions to the knowledge of
      domiciliary triatomid infestation in Region III, Chile (1982-1983)].

PMID- 6441582
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural sectors. Domiciliary triatomid
      infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection of the vector and domestic mammals of
      Region II (1983)].

PMID- 6441584
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural sectors. Triatomid domiciliary
      infestation, their rates of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and new contributions
      to the knowledge of Chagas' infection in domestic mammals of IV Region (1982
      1983)].

PMID- 6441586
TI  - [Long-term control of infants treated with total parenteral nutrition for
      diarrheic syndrome].

PMID- 6441585
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Urban sectors. VI. Frequency of Chagas' infection in
      blood donors and in mothers and newborn infants of the cities of Antofagasta and
      Calama. II Region (1983-1984)].

PMID- 6441587
TI  - Does amnesia after transection of the fornix in monkeys reflect abnormal
      sensitivity to proactive interference?
AB  - Monkeys in whom the fornix had been transected and controls were tested in two
      versions of delayed non-matching to sample (DNMS). On DNMS-LSS both of the
      stimuli for each trial were selected from a large set of junk objects that were
      already familiar to the subjects. On DNMS-CSN the new stimulus at the retention
      test of each trial was one which the animals had never encountered before. Memory
      for the sample was assessed with retention intervals of 10, 70 and 130 s. In DNMS
      LSS the lesioned animals were impaired, being more susceptible than controls to
      increases in the retention interval. However, no impairment in DNMS-CSN was
      observed. The abnormally fast forgetting by lesioned animals in DNMS-LSS seems
      therefore to reflect abnormal sensitivity to proactive interference. The results
      are compared with similar findings from amnesic humans and their implications for
      theoretical accounts of the effects of hippocampal disruption are discussed.

PMID- 6441588
TI  - Calciotropic hormones as possible modulators of rat extrapyramidal motor system.
AB  - In the present study the Authors have investigated the effects of chronic
      treatment with calcitonin and parathyroid hormone on rat extrapyramidal motor
      system. Although it seems that calcitonin and parathyroid hormone may act as a
      neuromodulators at extrapyramidal level by influencing, directly or indirectly,
      nigro-striatal dopaminergic transmission, the role played by calcium metabolism
      at peripheral level, is not clear. In order to put light on this matter,
      different groups of animals were treated with calciotropic hormones plus EDTA,
      which is a drug that blocks Ca2+ ions, or EDTA alone. The results obtained don't
      show any change either in nigral GAD activity or apomorphine induced
      hyperactivity in EDTA injected animals. Furthermore, EDTA doesn't seem to modify
      the effects of both PTH and ct, as shown by results obtained in animals treated
      with ct or PTH plus EDTA.

PMID- 6441589
TI  - [The mechanism of intracranial pressure-reducing effect of mannitol].
AB  - The effect of mannitol to decrease the raised ICP is well documented and mannitol
      is now widely used in clinical practice. However, its mechanism of lowering ICP
      still remains controversial, especially under the condition of vasogenic edema.
      The objective of this study is to reexamine and delineate the mechanism of ICP
      reducing effect of mannitol, using quantitative vasogenic edema model, specific
      gravimetric technique to measure the brain water content, and the method to
      estimate the CSF dynamics without disturbing the physiological condition of
      intracranial compartments in cats. Quantitative increase of water content of the
      white matter was produced by the infusion of 0.5 ml of normal saline though
      stereotaxically inserted 25-G needle into the left frontal white matter. In
      control group, cats were sacrificed and water content of the gray and white
      matter of each coronary sliced brain was measured by specific gravimetric
      technique. In the mannitol group, 20% of mannitol (2 g/kg) was administrated via
      femoral vein within 3 minutes. The maximum reduction of ICP was achieved at the
      average of 30 minutes. At this time, the cats were sacrificed and the water
      content of brain was measured in the same way as in the control group. PVI, Ro,
      If (Marmarou) were calculated before and after mannitol administration. In
      parameter group, BP, ICP, CVP, serum osmotic pressure and osmolarity were
      measured without terminating the experiment. The changes of water content of the
      gray and white matter before and after mannitol administration in the area of
      infusion edema were 80.7% to 80.8% and 76.8% to 77.1% respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441590
TI  - Mannitol-specific carrier protein from the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate
      dependent phosphotransferase system can be extracted as a dimer from the
      membrane.
AB  - The association state of the mannitol-specific enzyme II (EIIMtl) has been
      studied both in the purified form and embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane.
      Membrane fragments obtained from mannitol-grown Escherichia coli catalyze the
      phosphoenolpyruvate- (PEP) dependent phosphorylation of both glucose and
      mannitol; thus they contain both the glucose- and mannitol-specific enzymes II.
      The autoradiogram of an electrophoresed mixture of [32P]PEP, EI, HPr, and
      membrane fragments shows bands at 58 and 116 kilodaltons, in addition to the
      bands of P-EI and P-HPr. In an analogous experiment with purified EIIMtl,
      suspended in detergent micelles, only a 58 000-dalton band and the P-HPr and P-EI
      bands were found. Treatment of the phosphorylated membranes with mannitol results
      in an immediate substantial decrease in the radioactivity in the 58- and 116
      kilodalton bands. A similar treatment of the phosphorylated membranes with
      glucose had no direct effect on the autoradiogram. We conclude therefore that the
      58- and 116-kilodalton bands originate from enzyme IIMtl monomers and dimers,
      respectively. The interaction between the subunits of the dimer is not abolished
      by the addition of up to 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the nonionic
      detergent Lubrol PX, which is present during the purification of EIIMtl, is
      capable of transforming the enzyme IIMtl dimers into monomers.

PMID- 6441591
TI  - Isolation of a human cDNA for alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor and its identity
      with low molecular weight kininogen.
AB  - A lambda gt11 cDNA library containing DNA inserts prepared from human liver mRNA
      has been screened with an antibody to human alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor
      that was isolated from fresh plasma. Eighteen positive clones were isolated from
      one million phage, and each was plaque purified. The cDNA insert of one of these
      phage was sequenced and shown to code for alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor as
      identified by a partial amino acid sequence of the light chain of alpha 2-thiol
      proteinase inhibitor. This cDNA insert contained 1529 base pairs coding for the
      complete alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor. It included 45 base pairs of 5'
      noncoding sequence, 1281 base pairs that code for pre alpha 2-thiol proteinase
      inhibitor, a stop codon, 160 base pairs of 3' noncoding sequence, and 40 base
      pairs of poly(A) tail. The noncoding sequence on the 3' end contained a potential
      recognition site (AATAAA) for processing and polyadenylation of precursor
      messenger RNA. The amino acid sequence of alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor
      deduced from the cDNA showed a striking similarity (overall homology at 74%) to
      that of bovine low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen, including two internally
      repeated sequences and a nonapeptide sequence of bradykinin. These data clearly
      indicated that alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor and LMW kininogen are
      identical. This was further supported by immunological cross-reactivity between
      alpha 2-thiol proteinase inhibitor and LMW kininogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 6441592
TI  - Involvement of prolines-114 and -117 in the slow refolding phase of ribonuclease
      A as determined by isomer-specific proteolysis.
AB  - Using the method of isomer-specific proteolysis (ISP), the cis-trans nature of
      the peptide bonds involving prolines-114 and -117 in ribonuclease (RNase) has
      been investigated. These studies involve the pretreatment of RNase first with
      either a short pepsin pulse or a short mercaptoethanol pulse to irreversibly
      unfold the protein and then with a short chymotrypsin pulse to quickly cleave the
      Tyr115-Val116 bond so that the chain is suitably trimmed for the subsequent
      stereospecific cleavage either by aminopeptidase P, to investigate proline-117,
      or by a proline-specific endopeptidase, to investigate proline-114. The most
      reasonable interpretation of our results suggests that proline-117 is essentially
      100% trans in both the native and unfolded states, so it apparently makes no
      direct contribution to the slow refolding kinetics of RNase. It is also
      determined that proline-114 is 100% cis in native RNase and ca. 95% cis in
      reversibly unfolded RNase so only 5% of the unfolded RNase can be rate limited by
      trans to cis isomerization of proline-114 during refolding. Careful spectroscopic
      studies of refolding show that the smallest and slowest of the refolding phases,
      the ct phase, has the proper amplitude (5%), relaxation time (400 s at 10 degrees
      C), and activation energy (17 kcal) for a phase that is rate limited by the trans
      to cis isomerization of proline-114. Measurements of the kinetics of binding of
      cytidine 2'-monophosphate during refolding further show that RNase does not
      become active until proline-114 has isomerized to the native cis configuration.
      It is concluded that none of the three prolines thus far examined (i.e., prolines
      93, -114, and -117) by the ISP method is involved in the formation of a fully
      active, nativelike intermediate which has "incorrect" proline isomers. The
      specific structural process which is responsible for the largest of the three
      slow refolding phases, the XY phase, is still undetermined. Although ISP results
      on proline-42 are not yet available, it seems possible that this slow phase may
      be rate limited by a process other than proline isomerization. In unrelated
      studies, results from chymotrypsin hydrolyses of several short peptides
      containing the sequence -X-Y-Pro- show that cleavage of an active X-Y bond is
      very slow when it is immediately adjacent on the amino side of a proline peptide
      bond. Thus, chymotrypsin cleavage may not be generally useful as the analytical
      step in isomer-specific proteolysis.

PMID- 6441593
TI  - Pupal and larval cuticle proteins of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Proteins, soluble in 7 M urea, were extracted from third-instar larval and pupal
      cuticles of Drosophila melanogaster. Both extracts contain a limited number of
      polypeptides resolved by one- or two-dimensional electrophoresis. The five major
      larval proteins have low molecular weights (less than 20000) and are not
      glycosylated. The major pupal cuticle proteins fall into two size classes: two
      with apparent molecular weights of 56K and 82K and four with molecular weights
      between 15K and 25K. The proteins with high apparent molecular weights are
      glycosylated. In nondenaturing gels, no components of the larval and pupal
      cuticle extracts comigrate. One-dimensional "fingerprints" indicate that cuticle
      proteins from these two stages have unique primary structures. Immunological
      results indicate that the major low molecular weight larval and pupal cuticle
      proteins are comprised of two families of proteins that share antigenic
      determinants. The high molecular weight pupal cuticle proteins are
      immunologically unrelated to the low molecular weight components. We conclude
      that the pupal and larval proteins are encoded in part by multigene families that
      have arisen by gene duplication and evolutionary divergence.

PMID- 6441594
TI  - Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase hydrolysis of hydroxyethylated amylose and
      specificity of subsite binding.
AB  - Hydrolysis of partially hydroxyethylated amylose by porcine pancreatic alpha
      amylase gives rise to a number of hydroxyethylated di-, tri-, and
      tetrasaccharides, as well as larger products. No modified monosaccharides were
      detected. The structures of the products containing two to four D-glucose
      residues have been analyzed by chromatographic and enzymatic techniques. In no
      instance were these oligosaccharides modified in the reducing-end residue. The
      location of hydroxyethylated glucose residues within the oligosaccharides has
      been interpreted in terms of the ability of that (hydroxyethyl)glucose to bind
      productively at each of the five subsites of the enzyme active site. Results
      indicate that subsite 3, the subsite at which catalytic attack occurs, is
      especially sensitive to changes in the substrate and that unmodified glucose is
      required for productive binding at this subsite. Other subsites specifically
      allow binding of some (hydroxyethyl)glucose isomers, but not others.
      Hydroxyethylation is permitted at C-2, C-3, and C-6 for residues bound at subsite
      1 and is permitted at C-6 and possibly at C-2 and C-3 for residues bound at
      subsite 5. However, substitution is permitted only at C-3 and C-6 for binding at
      subsite 2 and at C-2 and C-3 for binding at subsite 4.

PMID- 6441595
TI  - Substrate-cofactor interactions for glycogen phosphorylase b: a binding study in
      the crystal with heptenitol and heptulose 2-phosphate.
AB  - The structural relationships between substrate and pyridoxal phosphate in
      glycogen phosphorylase b (EC 2.4.1.1) have been studied by X-ray diffraction
      experiments at 3-A resolution. Recent work [Klein, H. W., Im, M. J., & Helmreich,
      E. J. M. (1984) in Chemical and Biological Aspects of Vitamin B6 Catalysis
      (Evangelopoulos, A. E., Ed.) pp 147-160, Liss, New York] has shown that
      phosphorylase in the presence of inorganic phosphate catalyzes the conversion of
      heptenitol to heptulose 2-phosphate. The latter compound is a dead-end product
      and a most potent inhibitor (Ki = 14 microM). The X-ray diffraction studies show
      that heptenitol binds at the catalytic site of phosphorylase in a position
      essentially identical with that observed for the glucopyranose moiety of glucose
      1-phosphate. Incubation of a phosphorylase b crystal for 50 h in a solution
      containing the substrates heptenitol and inorganic phosphate and the activators
      AMP and maltohetaose resulted in the formation of a phosphorylated product bound
      at the active site. The structure of this product, as analyzed by a difference
      Fourier synthesis at 3 A, is consistent with that of heptulose 2-phosphate.
      Analysis of the surrounding soak solution by thin-layer chromatography showed
      that heptulose 2-phosphate was produced under these conditions. Heptulose 2
      phosphate binds with its glucopyranose moiety in the same position as that for
      glucose 1-phosphate, but there is a marked difference in phosphate positions. The
      presence of the methyl group in the beta-configuration in heptulose 2-phosphate
      forces a change in the torsion angle O5-C1-O1-P from 117 degrees as observe in
      glucose 1-phosphate to -136 degrees in heptulose 2-phosphate. The "down" position
      of the phosphate (with respect to the crystallographic z axis) results in a
      change in the distance between the 5'-phosphorus atom of the pyridoxal phosphate
      and the phosphorus atom of the substrate from 6.8 (with glucose 1-phosphate) to
      4.5 A (with heptulose 2-phosphate). The closest distance between the phosphate
      oxygen of the cofactor and a phosphate oxygen of heptulose 2-phosphate is 2.7 A,
      and it is assumed that there must be a hydrogen bond between them. These
      observations are consistent with the NMR experiments reported in the preceding
      paper in which sharing of a proton between heptulose 2-phosphate and pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate is observed [Klein, H.W., Im, M. J., Palm, D., & Helmreich, E. J. M.
      (1984) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6441596
TI  - Trinitrobenzenesulfonate modification of the lysine residues in lactose repressor
      protein.
AB  - Modification of the lysine residues in the lactose repressor protein has been
      carried out with trinitrobenzenesulfonate. Reaction of lysine residues at
      positions 33, 37, 108, 290, and 327 was observed. Inducer binding was increased
      by modification with this reagent, while both nonspecific DNA binding and
      operator DNA binding were diminished, although to differing degrees. The loss in
      operator DNA binding capacity was complete with modification of approximately 2
      equiv of lysine per monomer. The extent of reaction was affected by the presence
      of both sugar and DNA ligands; binding activities of the modified protein and
      reaction pattern of the lysines were perturbed by these ligands. The presence of
      operator or nonspecific DNA during the reaction protected against specific and
      nonspecific DNA binding activity loss. This protection presumably occurs by
      steric restriction of reagent access to lysine residues which are essential for
      both nonspecific and operator binding interactions. Lysines-33 and -108 were
      protected from modification in the presence of DNA. These experiments suggest
      that the charge on the lysine residues is important for protein interaction with
      DNA and that steric constraints for operator DNA interaction with the protein are
      more restrictive than for nonspecific DNA binding. In contrast, inducer
      (isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside) presence partially protected lysine-290 from
      modification while significantly enhancing reaction at lysine-327. Conformational
      alterations consequent to inducer binding are apparently reflected in these
      altered lysine reactivities.

PMID- 6441597
TI  - Functional properties of carbohydrate-depleted tissue plasminogen activator.
AB  - In order to evaluate the importance of the carbohydrate moiety of human tissue
      plasminogen activator (TPA), human melanoma (Bowes) cells were treated with a
      glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin (TM), and cellular fractions were assayed
      for fibrinolytic activity. Where glycosylation was inhibited by 90% and protein
      synthesis by 30%, TPA specific activity measured by fibrinolytic assays decreased
      6-10-fold in the tissue culture medium and cell cytosol with a concomitant 2-fold
      increase in the 100000g microsomal pellet. In addition, TPA purified to apparent
      homogeneity was treated with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo-H),
      producing a fraction that in contrast to native TPA did not adsorb to
      concanavalin A-Sepharose (Con A-Sepharose). This fraction represented TPA from
      which 85-90% of N-linked carbohydrate residues had been removed. Native TPA
      effectively activated plasminogen in the presence of fibrin (Km = 1 microM, kcat
      = 0.09 s-1) whereas saturation of the enzyme was not achieved at 100 microM
      plasminogen in the absence of fibrin. Glycosidase-treated and native TPA
      activated plasminogen at identical high rates in the presence and at identical
      negligible rates in the absence of fibrin. These studies indicate that the
      inhibition of glycosylation of TPA results in the inhibition of secretion of the
      molecule as has been observed for some other glycoproteins. The enzymatic removal
      of N-linked carbohydrate from purified TPA does not change its unique fibrin
      directed properties.

PMID- 6441598
TI  - Membrane binding properties of blood coagulation Factor V and derived peptides.
AB  - The interactions of factor V and factor Va light chain with phospholipid vesicles
      were compared. The results showed that the factor Va light chain bound with the
      same parameters as factor V when the proteins were present at similar densities
      on the membrane. The protein-vesicle collisional efficiency was 30-50% for both
      factor V and factor Va light chain. The factor Va light chain bound at a higher
      density, and the additional binding interactions had lower affinity. The
      dissociation process showed negative cooperativity, possibly due to competition
      for acidic phospholipids in the membrane. The higher molar packing density
      produced more rapid protein-membrane dissociation rate constants. However, when
      factor V and Va light chains were present at similar molar densities on the
      vesicle, the dissociation rates, estimated by two methods, were similar. Analysis
      of dissociation rates also showed that factor Va interacted with factor Xa on the
      membrane surface while factor Va light chain did not. Factor Va generated by
      thrombin digestion of factor V did not result in a major loss of membrane-bound
      protein mass unless ethylenenediaminetetraacetic acid was present; in the latter
      case the mass changes indicated that all peptides were removed from the membrane
      except factor Va light chain. Equilibrium and dynamic measurements showed that
      ionic strength had a major effect on the dissociation rate but not on the
      association process. The salt effect indicated interaction between oppositely
      charged species with the product of the number of charges equal to at least -5.5.
      Factor Va light chain appeared to interact with phospholipids via a general
      charge interaction rather than via a specific charge stoichiometry.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441599
TI  - Structural importance of the amino-terminal residue of pancreatic phospholipase
      A2.
AB  - To study the structural importance of the NH2-terminal Ala1 residue of pancreatic
      phospholipase A2, several mutants were prepared by a stepwise semisynthetic
      approach. 13C NMR spectroscopy of 90%-enriched [[3-13C]Ala1] phospholipases A2
      shows the pK values of the alpha-NH3+ groups of porcine enzyme, porcine
      isoenzyme, bovine enzyme, and equine enzyme to be 8.4, 8.8, 8.9, and 8.8,
      respectively. A group titrating with a pK of approximately 6.3, present only in
      the porcine and equine phospholipases A2, presumably originating from Glu71,
      disappears in the presence of 0.2 M Ca2+, while the pK values of their alpha-NH3+
      groups shift to 9.3 and 9.0, respectively. No such effects were observed for the
      porcine isoenzyme and bovine enzyme, which lack an acidic side chain in position
      71. It can thus be concluded that the equine phospholipase A2, like the porcine
      enzyme, possesses in addition to the catalytic Ca2+ binding site also a second,
      low-affinity Ca2+ binding site, which is not present in the porcine
      isophospholipase A2 and bovine phospholipase A2. From the titration behavior of
      the alpha-NH3+ group of equine and porcine [[3-13C]-Ala1]phospholipases A2 in the
      presence of micelles of n-hexadecylphosphocholine, it seems very likely that at
      alkaline pH the equine phospholipase A2, like the porcine enzyme, requires the
      second Ca2+ ion for optimal binding to neutral lipid-water interfaces.
      Semisynthetic porcine phospholipase A2 analogues in which the position of the
      alpha-NH3+ group is varied have lost their affinity toward neutral lipid-water
      interfaces and consequently their catalytic activity on micellar substrates. Most
      of these phospholipase A2 analogues retain, however, some of their enzymatic
      activity on monomeric substrate. Substitution of the side chain of Ala1 in
      porcine phospholipase A2 by hydrophobic side chains abolishes almost all activity
      due to the loss of affinity for neutral lipid-water interfaces. In contrast, NH2
      terminal residues having more polar side chains affect only slightly
      phospholipase A2 activity. Compared to the native enzyme, these latter
      phospholipase A2 analogues show an increased penetration capacity for monolayers
      of 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Probably, the interaction of
      hydrophobic amino acid residues at the 1-position with other hydrophobic side
      chains present in their vicinity prevents the correct positioning of the alpha
      NH3+ group, thereby leading to loss of catalytic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 6441600
TI  - A method for deciding whether two experimental fluorescence anisotropy decay
      curves are significantly different.
AB  - We describe a method to compare two fluorescence anisotropy decay curves. After
      numerical deconvolution of both decays by a non a priori method [1], their
      difference, D, is considered. The variance is computed for each point of D. A
      confidence interval is defined which allows a decision to be made as to the
      significance of D. Information on the time range in which the changes of the
      fluorescence anisotropy decay occur is directly available. This analysis is
      particularly well suited for following the perturbations induced by an effector.
      It has been tested on 3-phosphoglycerate kinase in the presence and in the
      absence of ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate. We consider that this method leads to a
      significant improvement in the application of time resolved depolarization
      experiments.

PMID- 6441601
TI  - [Kinetics of the inactivation of muscarinic cholinoreceptors by solubilized
      digitonin].
AB  - The kinetics of spontaneous inactivation of the digitonin-solubilized rat brain
      muscarinic cholinoreceptor was investigated at 4 degrees, 15 degrees, 25 degrees,
      35 degrees and 45 degrees C. The inactivation process was followed by the loss of
      specific L-[3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate binding capacity after incubation of the
      receptor at an appropriate temperature. Since the inactivation process of the
      receptor inactivation obeys the first order kinetics, it was possible to
      determine the values of inactivation rate constants (kappa in). It was shown that
      the inactivation rate does not depend on the detergent excess in a reaction
      mixture and is characterized by the apparent activation energy, Ea = 158 +/- 7 .
      KJ/mole and entropy, delta S not equal to = 249.8 J/K . mole. These values are in
      good agreement with those obtained for the water-soluble proteins, but differ
      essentially from the analogous values for the spontaneous activation of the
      membrane-bound receptor.

PMID- 6441602
TI  - [Immunochemical characteristics of cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450
      from adrenal cortex mitochondria].
AB  - Highly specific antibodies against hemeprotein were obtained by immunizing
      rabbits with a highly purified cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450scc from
      adrenocortical mitochondria. The antibodies do not specifically interact with
      other components of the adrenocortical electron transport chain, e. g.,
      adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin. Using double immunodiffusion technique
      (Ouchterlony method), it was shown that the antibodies did not precipitate the
      microsomal cytochromes P-450 LM2 and LM4, cytochrome b5 and 11 beta-hydroxylating
      cytochrome P-450 from adrenocortical mitochondria. Antibodies against cytochrome
      P-450scc inhibited the cholesterol side chain cleavage activity of cytochrome P
      450scc in a reconstituted system. Limited proteolysis with trypsin and
      immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of specific antibodies revealed that
      antigenic determinants are present of the heme-containing catalytic domain of
      cytochrome P-450scc (F1) as well as on the domain responsible for the interaction
      with the phospholipid membrane (F2).

PMID- 6441603
TI  - [Formation of the glycogen synthase I-glycogen complex].
AB  - A glycogen-free glycogen synthase I was isolated from rabbit skeletal muscles as
      a tetramer. Using the light scattering technique, the formation of the glycogen
      synthase I--glycogen complex was investigated; the Kd value [(0.40 +/- 0.09) X
      10(-7) M], the absorption capacity of glycogen towards the enzyme [aM = (1.89 +/-
      0.4) X 10(-6) mol] and the number of enzyme-binding sites per polysaccharide
      molecule (n = 10) were determined, using rabbit liver glycogen (Mr = 5.28 X
      10(6)). After the formation of the glycogen synthase I--glycogen complex has been
      completed, the reactivity of some SH-groups of the enzyme is reduced and some of
      them become masked towards 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate.

PMID- 6441604
TI  - [Synthesis of thromboxane A2: limiting stages of primary thrombocyte aggregation
      in humans initiated by arachidonic acid and its metabolic products].
AB  - A photocolorimetric method has been employed for kinetic investigation of
      aggregation of human platelets under the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and the
      products of its metabolism in the platelets. The platelet aggregation was induced
      by AA and prostaglandin (PG)H2, the precursors of thromboxane (Tx). The initial
      rate of aggregation depended on AA and PGH2, concentrations. The nature of the
      influence of selective inhibitors of PGH-synthetase (indomethacin) and PGH
      convertase (imidazole) on the rate of aggregation is suggestive of the rate
      limiting type of enzymatic reactions of AA conversion into TxA2. Addition to the
      platelet suspension of solubilized PGH-convertase accelerates the PGH2-induced
      aggregation. Analysis of platelet aggregation processes induced by AA and PGH2
      demonstrated that the enzymatic synthesis of TxA2 is one of the rate-limiting
      steps within the framework of molecular modifications responsible for the
      platelet aggregate formation.

PMID- 6441605
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase activity of the tissues of rats in the
      convulsive phase of oxygen poisoning].
AB  - Monoamine oxidase type A activity with substrate serotonine and type B with
      substrate p-nitrophenylethylamine decreases is rats' brain, liver, heart and
      blood during oxygen convulsions. Substrate specificity of the enzyme type A
      alters in all tissues studied. Diamine oxidase activity decreases in brain, lungs
      and liver approximately in 2 times and increases in blood at 48%. Histamine
      content increases in all tissues in 3-4 times, in blood--in 12 times. The role of
      observed changes in the mechanism of oxygen intoxication is discussed.

PMID- 6441606
TI  - Analysis of the electrophoretic properties of double-stranded DNA and RNA in
      agarose gels at a finite voltage gradient.

PMID- 6441607
TI  - Influence of metabolic fuel on the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2.
AB  - Natural differences in 13C/12C ratios of various metabolic fuels can produce
      systematic changes in the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2, and therefore introduce
      errors into 13CO2 breath tests. To gain insight into the potential problem, we
      compared 13C/12C ratios of plasma macronutrients to those of breath CO2 under
      conditions that should alter the percentages of carbohydrate and lipid being
      oxidized. In rats, 48 h of starvation decreased the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2
      by 3.5%. At this time the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2 was very similar to that of
      plasma lipids. In humans, 30 min of heavy exercise increased the breath
      13CO2/12CO2 ratio by 1.3%. These changes in breath 13C/12C ratios could be
      predicted from 13C/12C ratios of plasma macronutrients and the percentage of
      carbon dioxide derived from each macronutrient, but only when compared within the
      same populations. For example, the 13C/12C ratios of plasma macronutrients of
      residents of Chicago, Illinois (USA) and Tokyo (Japan) differed by 1-3%. An
      empirical correction of 13CO2 breath test data is recommended when breath tests
      are run under conditions that will change metabolic fuel utilization.

PMID- 6441608
TI  - Distribution of sodium valproate and GABA metabolism in CNS of the rat.
AB  - The distribution of VPA has been investigated in several brain areas of the rat,
      and GABA increases were measured. A biphasic exponential decay was observed for
      VPA; the slowest decrease was noted in the olfactory bulbs and in the
      hypothalamus where GAD and GABA-T activities were the highest. The data may be
      correlated with the prolonged effect of VPA in these areas.

PMID- 6441609
TI  - Alteration with age of symbiosis of gene expression in aphid endosymbionts.
AB  - Aphid endosymbionts in vivo in young hosts synthesized almost exclusively only
      one protein, symbionin. The synthesis of symbionin declined with age of the host
      and instead the endosymbiont began to express some of its own genes which were
      expressed in vitro but were repressed in vivo in young host. A prolonged
      treatment of young host with cycloheximide brought about a physiological state
      similar to that in old insect. Though in the very old insect symbionin was no
      longer produced by its endosymbiont, the host seemed to depend almost entirely
      upon the gene products of the endosymbiont.

PMID- 6441610
TI  - [Mechanisms maintaining genetic variability within a population (13)].

PMID- 6441611
TI  - [Mechanism of action of an anti-inflammatory steroid on changes in vascular
      permeability (II). Evaluation of its action as a phospholipase A2 inhibitor].

PMID- 6441612
TI  - Physiotherapy management of marathon musculo-skeletal casualties.

PMID- 6441613
TI  - Superior colliculus and visual neglect in rat and hamster. III. Functional
      implications.
AB  - In comparison with the geniculostriate pathway, the retinotectal projection in
      rat and hamsters appears to emphasize information concerning localized transient
      stimuli, particularly in the periphery of the visual field. An important question
      is whether the superior colliculus merely relays this information elsewhere, or
      instead takes part in its analysis. This question is broken down into two parts.
      First, what decisions do rats and hamsters have to take concerning localized
      transient visual stimuli in the periphery? It is suggested that the following
      decisions are taken: (a) does the stimulus require any response? If the transient
      is self-produced, or is known on the basis of past experience to predict no
      important consequence, then it may be ignored; and (b) does the stimulus convey
      enough information to determine a response, either unlearnt (e.g. attack, flee,
      freeze) or learnt? If the stimulus appears to warrant some response, but it is
      not clear which, then it requires investigation. Second, what evidence is there
      that the superior colliculus participates in any of these decisions? It is argued
      on general grounds that the involvement of the superior colliculus in
      investigative orienting necessitates its knowing about the other decisions, since
      a useful orienting device cannot respond promiscuously to uninteresting or
      dangerous stimuli. This argument is supported by evidence from stimulation and
      recording studies, which in addition suggest that the superior colliculus is
      directly involved in producing a number of responses appropriate to peripheral
      transients, besides orienting. Thus, one function of the superior colliculus may
      be to help analyze and take decisions about localized transients in the periphery
      of the field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441614
TI  - 6-Hydroxydopamine produces lesions of serotonin-containing Retzius cells in the
      leech nervous system.
AB  - The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is reported to selectively ablate
      neurons which contain catecholamines. Leeches were injected with 6-OHDA over a 4
      month period in an attempt to destroy their identified dopamine neurons.
      Ganglionic Retzius cells (RZ), which contain serotonin, were the first to be
      rendered brown, misshapen, and non-fluorescent. Continued injections of 6-OHDA
      had similar, but less substantial, morphological and histochemical effects on the
      dopamine-containing neurosomata within the anterior roots. Toxin treatment
      reduced RZ serotonin by 75-90%, but these depleted cells retained normal
      electrophysiological properties. Serotonin and dopamine within ganglia, as well
      as dopamine within anterior roots, were reduced significantly by 6-OHDA.

PMID- 6441615
TI  - Characterization of cortical spindles in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 inbred mice.
AB  - Continuous twenty-four hour EEG recordings were conducted on freely-moving DBA/2
      and C57BL/6 inbred mice. No brief spindle episodes (BSEs: 6-7 cps, 1-5 sec
      duration, high amplitude spindle bursts) were seen in the waking EEG of C57BL/6
      mice. BSEs were a conspicuous element of the EEG during active waking (AW) and
      quiet waking (QW) in DBA/2 mice. BSEs occurred at a 10X faster rate in QW than in
      AW and had a longer duration. Sleep spindle bursts resembling BSEs were seen in
      both C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice, and occasionally were observed to follow a K
      complex. Rostropontine, but not midpontine, brainstem transection released
      spindles in both strains. Pentobarbital produced spindles in both strains. The
      waveforms of the waves comprising BSEs, sleep spindles, transection-induced
      spindles and barbiturate spindles were quite similar, though differing in
      frequencies and amplitude. Genetic factors may be critical for the lack of BSEs
      during AW and QW in C57BL/6 mice and for the occurrence of BSEs during AW in
      DBA/2 mice. In contrast, most other rodents whow a third pattern: BSEs only
      during QW. Since C57BL/6 mice can generate spindles under some circumstances, the
      absence of spindles during waking reflects some alteration in the mechanisms that
      control the initiation of BSEs rather than a lack of the circuits required to
      generate a BSE. These mechanisms are distinct from those processes of arousal
      that produce the background EEG desynchronization of waking. Following both
      rostropontine and midpontine transection, the background EEG is desynchronized,
      yet after rostropontine, but not midpontine transection, BSEs occur freely, at a
      rate over 200 per hour.

PMID- 6441616
TI  - Effects of burns on amino acid levels in rat plasma, liver and muscle.
AB  - In this study the influence of a severe catabolic situation (scalding and
      nitrogen deprivation) on amino acid (AA) metabolism was investigated in an
      experimental rat model. Scalding of 25 per cent of the total body surface area
      (TBSA) and hypocaloric alimentation (5.6 kcal per 100 g rat per day, no nitrogen)
      resulted in mean daily nitrogen losses of -0.27 +/- 0.3 g. Compared to anabolic
      growing rats this nitrogen catabolism significantly reduced the total free AA
      content of muscle (-47 per cent, P less than 0.001) and liver (-39 per cent, P
      less than 0.001). The total plasma AA concentrations were slightly increased in
      catabolic rats (+10 per cent). In catabolic rats muscle glycine concentrations
      dropped significantly (-79 per cent, P less than 0.001), while glutamine
      concentrations decreased by 22 per cent, which was not significant. Branched
      chain AA and phenylalanine were significantly elevated both in muscle and in
      plasma. Scalding and nitrogen depletion in rats leads to characteristic changes
      in plasma, muscle and liver AA concentrations, which are comparable to the
      results obtained in catabolic patients. However, the low muscle glycine
      concentrations in burned rats differ from the clinical observations where
      glutamine rather than glycine concentrations in muscle tissue are reduced. The
      rat model seems to be well suited for studying the influence of various
      therapeutic approaches such as different forms of parenteral nutrition or
      hormonal substitution on nitrogen catabolism.

PMID- 6441617
TI  - [Selective stabilization of neuronal representations by resonance between
      spontaneous prerepresentations of the cerebral network and percepts evoked by
      interaction with the outside world].
AB  - Changeux et al. (Changeux, Heidmann and Patte, in "The Biology of Learning"
      Dahlem Conference, 1984, pp. 115-133, Springer Verlag) have recently discussed a
      model of "learning by selection" in which the storage of patterns of activity--or
      prerepresentations--within a network of neurons, results from the coincidence or
      "resonance" between a spontaneous activity of the neurons and external signals
      applied to the network--for instance sensory stimuli. In this Note, a
      mathematical formulation of the model is presented, based on that proposed by
      Little and Shaw (Little, Math. Biosci., 19, 1974, pp. 101-120; Little and Shaw,
      Math. Biosci., 39, 1978, pp. 281-290) for the statistical analysis of neuronal
      activity within a network, and on a rule for modulation of synaptic efficacies
      derived from that proposed by Hebb (Hebb, The Organisation of Behaviour, 1949,
      Wiley). The effect of an external signal sigma on the probability P(beta) of
      occurrence of a given prerepresentation beta under stationary conditions has been
      analytically derived [cf. equation (16) in text]. Taking into account that the
      system spontaneously fluctuates between various prerepresentations, it is shown
      that P(beta) is increased by the external signal sigma when (1) beta is close to
      sigma--namely the external signal significantly modifies the probabilities of
      those prerepresentations that resemble sigma--, and (2) when the external signal
      sigma sets the neurons precisely in the state that they would have more probably
      reached at the moment when the external signal was applied. Namely there should
      exist a "resonance" between sigma and the prerepresentation of the network when
      sigma is applied.

PMID- 6441618
TI  - [Biological effects of weightlessness at the cellular level. Comparative study of
      cultures of Paramecia aboard the orbital station Salyut-6 and a stratospheric
      balloon].
AB  - In order to distinguish the effects of cosmic rays from those of weightlessness
      at the cellular level, we performed experiments aboard stratospheric balloon,
      where gravity is equal to 1 g and cosmic radiation roughly equal to that aboard
      Salyut-6. The results suggest that the stimulation of cell proliferation is
      probably due to cosmic rays, metabolic changes being related to microgravity.

PMID- 6441619
TI  - [In vitro activation by dithiothreitol and thioredoxins of carbamyl phosphate
      synthetase-I in rat liver].
AB  - Carbamyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I; EC 6.3.4.16), a mitochondrial enzyme of
      the urea-cycle, was studied in deactivated extracts of rat liver. It has been
      found to be activated in vitro by dithiothreitol (DTT) and Mg2+ ions. After
      reduction by DTT, thioredoxins, isolated from rat liver, were able to activate
      CPS-I by 468%.

PMID- 6441620
TI  - [Effects of central administration of glucocorticoids on evoked electric activity
      of the hippocampus in mice].
AB  - The effect of central intraventricular administration (1 microgram) of
      corticosterone or dexamethasone on evoked electrical activity of dorsal
      hippocampus was analyzed in anaesthetized BALB/c mice. Corticosterone produced an
      important decrease in amplitude of the population spike activity elicited in CA1
      field through commissural stimulation as well as through stimulation of the
      perforant path. In the same conditions, dexamethasone produced only a slight and
      brief effect.

PMID- 6441621
TI  - [Is the pars intermedia of the hypophysis responsible for provoking paradoxical
      sleep in pontine cats with an isolated hypophysis?].
AB  - In chronic pontine cats without hypothalamo-hypophysis, daily subcutaneous or
      intraventricular injection of total extracts of Bovine neuro-intermediate lobe
      increases both survival and quantity of paradoxical sleep, while synthetic Lysine
      vasopressin, Oxytocin or ACTH have no effect. Chronic pontine cats with "isolated
      hypophysis" have a longer survival and a more significant amount of paradoxical
      sleep than those without hypothalamo-hypophysis. Factor(s) liberated by pars
      intermedia are very likely to be responsible for the increase of PS since only
      pars intermedia remains functional in the "isolated hypophysis" as shown by
      immunocytochemical controls.

PMID- 6441622
TI  - [Ventilation using jet-ventilation during fiber-optic bronchoscopy in children
      under 5 years old. Apropos of 100 case reports].
AB  - The authors report an original procedure for respiratory assistance during
      flexible bronchoscopy in infants and toddlers. The injector is directly connected
      with the operating channel of the bronchoscope. Ventilation parameters are pre
      regulated before introducing the fiberscope into the respiratory tree.
      Insufflation volumes are restricted to 5 ml/kg at the tip of the bronchoscope, on
      a basis of 40 to 60 cycles per minute, according to children's age. A venturi
      effect may occur as discrepancy between bronchi and the size of the fiberscope
      does exist. For evaluating this effect, gas flow is measured through tracheal
      tubes selected in accordance to the size of the respiratory tree of the infant.
      This evaluation demonstrates that tidal volumes are comprised within 5 and 10
      ml/kg. The procedure of jet-ventilation was performed on 100 infants under
      general anaesthesia with curarization. Baro-traumatic accidents did not occur,
      despite poor physical conditions in many cases. The procedure was safe for the
      infants and convenient for the physicians. In this way, it could be recommended
      for flexible bronchoscopy in infants and toddlers with poor condition or when
      excessive duration of the examination could be required (diagnostic or
      therapeutic procedures associated).

PMID- 6441623
TI  - Coupling of bone formation to bone resorption: a broader view.

PMID- 6441624
TI  - Serum bone Gla protein variations during estrogen and calcium prophylaxis of
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - We have evaluated serum bone Gla protein (BGP) changes in a double-blind study of
      early postmenopausal women during treatment with estrogen and calcium. To
      substantiate the changes in bone turnover, serum alkaline phosphatase, 24-hour
      urinary calcium, and bone mineral content (BMC) have also been measured. Our
      results indicate that serum BGP is a valuable measurement of bone metabolism.

PMID- 6441625
TI  - Evidence for abnormal regulation of circulating 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D in
      patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal calcium metabolism.
AB  - Available evidence indicates that hypercalcemia in pulmonary tuberculosis results
      from increases in circulating 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D].
      To further characterize vitamin D metabolism in this disorder, the effects of
      vitamin D, 100,000 units a day for 4 days, were compared in 25 normal subjects
      and 11 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who were normocalcemic and had
      not had hypercalcemia. Serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD)
      and 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D were measured. Whereas vitamin D increased mean serum 25
      OHD from 20 +/- 2 (+/- SE) to 40 +/- 5 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) and did not
      change mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D in the normals (33 +/- 2 vs. 31 +/- 2 pg/ml),
      it increased mean serum 25-OHD from 21 +/- 4 to 55 +/- 13 ng/ml (P less than
      0.05) and mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D from 28 +/- 2 to 35 +/- 3 pg/ml (P less
      than 0.05) in the patients. Serum calcium was normal and remained within the
      normal range in all subjects and patients. The findings indicate that there is a
      modest but significant abnormality in the regulation of circulating 1 alpha,
      25(OH)2D in normocalcemic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results are
      similar to those previously reported by us in normocalcemic patients with
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6441626
TI  - Noncollagenous proteins in normal and pathological human bone.
AB  - The concentrations of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein, albumin, and sialic acid were
      measured in the bone of 28 normal individuals and 6 patients with osteogenesis
      imperfecta, 3 patients with Paget's disease, and 4 patients with either renal
      osteodystrophy, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, or osteopetrosis. The concentration
      of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein in neonatal bone was 3 X higher than in bone from
      children and 7 X higher than in adult bone. The concentrations of albumin and
      sialic acid in neonatal bone were 1.5 X higher that in bone from children and
      twice the levels in adult bone. The concentrations of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein,
      albumin and sialic acid were above the normal mean values in the patients with
      osteogenesis imperfecta, and 4 patients had significantly raised levels of one or
      more of these proteins. The concentrations of these noncollagenous proteins were
      also significantly raised in Paget's disease, and the alpha 2HS-glycoprotein was
      significantly raised in renal osteodystrophy. The lowest level of alpha 2HS
      glycoprotein was in osteopetrotic bone and the lowest levels of albumin and
      sialic acid were in osteoporotic bone. The results of this study suggest that the
      concentrations of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein, albumin, and sialic acid in bone are
      related to the rate of bone turnover.

PMID- 6441627
TI  - Length and shape of enamel crystals.
AB  - An original method for fractionating and preparing isolated crystals of
      homogeneous size was developed. It was demonstrated that enamel apatite crystals
      are at least 100 micron long. The flexibility of the very long crystallites was
      demonstrated. Crystal curvatures, accounting for the irregular course of the
      prisms through the enamel thickness, were visualized and measured. It was shown
      that in the deep forming enamel layer, lateral branches may grow out of the
      crystals and crystal fusing often occurs, inducing the crystallites to assume
      pyramidal shapes with their wide bases pointing toward the dentino-enamel
      junction and one or two tops toward Tomes' processes. During the maturation
      process, the two tops of the still immature crystals also fuse so that the mature
      crystals acquire a rodlike aspect, with parallel faces and steplike graduations
      along the c axis, allowing a close contact between the crystals. These results
      support the hypothesis that the crystallites would be continuous from the dentino
      enamel junction to the surface.

PMID- 6441628
TI  - Failure of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series to resorb bone.
AB  - Monocytes, peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory polykaryons, and myeloid cell
      lines were incubated on slices of human cortical bone and assessed for their
      capacity to resorb bone by scanning electron microscopy. None of these cell
      types, mononuclear or multinucleate, induced any detectable change in the bone
      surface, even after prolonged incubation, and even in the presence of macrophage
      activators. These findings emphasise the inadequacies of mononuclear phagocytes
      as surrogate osteoclasts, and expose a discrepancy between 45Ca release and bone
      resorption.

PMID- 6441629
TI  - Cis-platinum treatment for malignancy-associated humoral hypercalcemia in an
      athymic mouse model.
AB  - We have established a model for malignancy-associated humoral hypercalcemia
      (MAHH) in athymic mice, utilizing a human squamous cell lung carcinoma. In the
      present studies, we evaluated cis-platinum (DDP), a cytotoxic agent known to
      produce hypomagnesemia, and occasionally hypocalcemia, in the treatment of MAHH.
      Upon development of significant hypercalcemia, defined as serum calcium (Ca)
      greater than or equal to 11.5 mg/dl, tumor-bearing mice received either normal
      saline (NS) alone (1.5 ml/day, i.p.), or NS + DDP. The DDP was given as a single
      dose of 6 micrograms/g body weight i.p. Serum Ca was determined on day 6 in
      surviving mice (6 of 10 survived in the NS-alone group; 7 of 10 survived in the
      NS + DDP group). Serum Ca (mean +/- SE) decreased from 14.3 +/- 0.46 to a nadir
      of 12.7 +/- 0.33 mg/dl in the NS-alone group, and from 13.5 +/- 0.46 to a nadir
      of 10.4 +/- 0.48 mg/dl in the NS + DDP group. Nadir serum Ca levels were
      significantly lower in the NS + DDP group (P = 0.003). Three of 7 surviving NS +
      DDP mice achieved normocalcemia, whereas none of the NS-alone animals became
      normocalcemic. Tumor volumes increased in all animals. There was no change in the
      serum Ca in 5 tumor-free mice treated with NS + DDP. There were no significant
      differences in serum magnesium levels among groups of control mice, tumor-free
      mice treated with NS + DDP, tumor-bearing mice treated with NS + DDP, and tumor
      bearing mice treated with NS-alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441630
TI  - A model for malignancy-associated humoral hypercalcemia.
AB  - Tumor tissue from a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and
      hypercalcemia has been serially implanted into athymic mice. Tumor-bearing mice
      develop cachexia, hypercalcemia without bone metastases, hypophosphatemia,
      increased urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to creatinine ratio, and
      undetectable human immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. Radiographs of
      spines in the tumor-bearing mice demonstrate demineralization, suggesting
      skeletal resorption as the source of the hypercalcemia. Within 4-8 hours
      following tumor removal, hypercalcemia is reversed, suggesting that a relatively
      short-acting humoral substance is responsible for the hypercalcemia. The animals
      gain weight and become essentially normal within 4 days following tumor removal.
      The studies demonstrate that this animal model is similar in many aspects to
      human malignancy-associated humoral hypercalcemia (MAHH) and can provide a useful
      tool for further investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of this
      syndrome.

PMID- 6441631
TI  - Oophorectomy and cortical bone remodeling in the beagle.
AB  - Cortical bone remodeling measurements were carried out on the ribs of 6 spayed
      and five control Beagle dams which had been subjected to a period of observation
      equal to more than one sigma of cortical bone remodeling activity. The results of
      the measurements of static and dynamic parameters indicate that the lack of
      ovarian hormones does not produce a major alteration in the rates of cortical
      bone remodeling, but does result in an increase in the number of resorption
      spaces per mm2 of cortical bone without altering the parameters of bone function.
      This latter fact supports the hypothesis that decreased levels of circulatory
      ovarian hormones may influence the duration of the resorption activity as well as
      possibly uncoupling the resorption/formation (R/F) mechanism of the bone
      remodeling unit.

PMID- 6441632
TI  - Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone tissue in the rabbit: studies on fracture healing,
      disuse osteoporosis, and prednisone osteoporosis.
AB  - A closed tibial fracture, which was controlled by an intramedullary stainless
      steel pin, was created in 16 rabbits. Eight rabbits were treated with 75 ng of
      1,25(OH)2D3 daily as subcutaneous (s.c.) injections. After three weeks, the
      fractured tibia resisted a force of 101.7 +/- 21.0 Newtons in the control group
      and 57.3 +/- 8.0 Newtons in animals given 1,25(OH)2D3 (m +/- SE, P less than
      0.05). In another group of eight rabbits, the left hindleg was immobilized in a
      plastic splint. Four rabbits were given 75 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3/day s.c. and the
      effect of immobilization was studied on the calcaneus. Bone ash/cm3 of the
      calcaneus on the immobilized side was decreased by 11 +/- 2% in control rabbits
      and by 20 +/- 2% in the group treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 indicating a more advanced
      immobilization osteoporosis (m +/- SE, P less than 0.05), which was also
      demonstrated by studies of bone density. Eighteen rabbits were used in a study of
      the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the development of prednisolone osteoporosis. The
      dose of prednisolone was 2.5 mg per day, given by the oral route. After four
      months, the density of the femur was 1.53 +/- 0.02 g/cm2 in control rabbits and
      1.42 +/- 0.01 in prednisolone-treated animals (P less than 0.01). In rabbits
      additionally given 1,25(OH)2D3, the mean value for bone density was further
      lowered (n.s.). It appears that 1,25(OH)2D3 exaggerates disuse osteoporosis and
      prednisolone osteoporosis and impairs fracture healing in rabbits. These results
      differ from what has been shown earlier with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in the rat.

PMID- 6441633
TI  - Calcium distribution in freeze-dried enamel organ tissue during normal and
      altered enamel mineralization.
AB  - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was applied to freeze-dried blocks of
      enamel organ tissue to determine levels of calcium in various cellular regions.
      The tissue blocks were dissected free from adjacent forming enamel following
      injection of cobalt or fluoride ions, both of which temporarily inhibit enamel
      mineralization. In all control and experimental specimens there was an increasing
      gradient of calcium from the stratum intermedium cells to the distal ends of the
      ameloblasts. Calcium levels were significantly reduced near the distal ends of
      the ameloblasts following cobalt or fluoride injection as compared with controls.
      It is suggested that evidence of an intercellular buildup of calcium near the
      distal ends of the ameloblast supports a controlling function of these cells. The
      changes in calcium levels are correlated with alterations in mineralization known
      to occur in the adjacent enamel of the model systems employed.

PMID- 6441634
TI  - Interrelation of cortisone and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on intestinal
      calcium and phosphate absorption.
AB  - The interrelation of glucocorticoids and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
      (1,25(OH)2D3) on intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption was investigated.
      The active and passive transport of calcium and phosphate was evaluated by the in
      situ intestinal loop technique. Administration of cortisone resulted in a
      decrease of the luminal fluid and an increase of the luminal calcium and
      phosphate concentration. Under active transport conditions, administration of
      cortisone resulted in a decrease of net calcium absorption through two
      mechanisms: (1) depressed vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption, (2) increased
      vitamin D-independent calcium backflux. The enhancement of bidirectional
      phosphate flux by cortisone was independent of 1,25(OH)2D3. An enhancement of
      water movement by cortisone resulted in an increase of luminal calcium and
      phosphate concentration which favors the passive diffusion of these ions.
      Enhanced calcium diffusion by cortisone compensates for the inhibitory effect of
      cortisone on vitamin D-dependent calcium transport. However, enhanced phosphate
      diffusion by cortisone is additive to the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 6441635
TI  - The early effects of sympathectomy on bone blood flow.
AB  - Several laboratories, including our own, have investigated the physiology of bone
      blood flow by perfusion of the tibia via the nutrient artery. Any damage caused
      to the nerve supply by cannulation of the artery might affect the results. The
      possible effect of such damage was investigated by measuring blood flow to the
      dog tibia using a microsphere technique, before and after sympathectomy. No
      effect was found and the tibial nutrient artery is therefore a suitable vessel
      for perfusion when estimating nutrient exchange in bone.

PMID- 6441636
TI  - An osteo-inductive bone matrix extract stimulates the in vitro conversion of
      mesenchyme into chondrocytes.
AB  - Urea and guanidine extracts of demineralized beef and rabbit bone matrix were
      assayed both in vivo and in vitro. One month following intramuscular implantation
      into mouse thighs, these extracts induced ectopic cartilage and bone. Seven days
      following continuous in vitro exposure to the same extracts, stage 24 chick limb
      bud mesenchymal cells in cultures had differentiated into greater numbers of
      chondrocytes than controls. These results suggest the feasibility of using limb
      bud mesenchymal cell cultures as an in vitro assay for bone matrix derived,
      extractable bioactive factors which effect the conversion of mesenchymal cells
      into chondrocytes as a requisite step in in vivo osteogenesis.

PMID- 6441637
TI  - Detection of cytogenetic regions influencing RNA polymerase activity in
      Drosophila melanogaster by segmental aneuploid mapping.
AB  - In a search for loci with RNA polymerase related function, we have screened the
      Drosophila melanogaster genome for regions effective in eliciting a dosage
      response for total RNA polymerase activity using segmental aneuploids generated
      by the use of Y-autosome translocations. From this screen we have identified a
      total of six cytogenetically defined regions which elicit significant dosage
      response: a single X-chromosome region, 9C-11A, within which resides a known RNA
      polymerase locus and five noncontiguous regions on chromosome 3 with no
      previously identified RNA polymerase related function.

PMID- 6441638
TI  - [Nucleotide composition of constitutive heterochromatin of Pleurodeles waltlii].
AB  - Complementary to previous works implying other staining or labeling techniques,
      this study used chromomycin A3, a specific fluorochrome for G and C bases, to
      show that in Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. (Amphibian, Urodele) the mitotic
      chromosome specific heterochromatin consisted of a DNA particularly rich in
      either of the two types of bases and the near constant presence of argyrophilic
      proteins. The more the DNA was rich in A and T bases, the more the argyrophilic
      proteins were abundant.

PMID- 6441639
TI  - Lens changes in a patient with Fabry's disease.

PMID- 6441640
TI  - Sulphur acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Group B Neisseria meningitidis (SD1C) was grown on defined medium supplemented
      with each of a variety of sulphur compounds as the sole source of sulphur. The
      organism grew on sulphate, sulphite, bisulphite, thiosulphate, dithionite,
      hydrosulphide, thiocyanate, L-cysteine, L-cystine, reduced glutathione,
      methionine, mercaptosuccinate, and lanthionine, but not on dithionate unless
      previously sulphur starved. Good growth was seen on concentrations of sulphate or
      thiosulphate as low as 10 microM. When pregrown on and subsequently starved for
      sulphate, the meningococcus showed enhanced transport capacity for this ion.
      Optimal conditions for assessing sulphur transport by active sulphur-limited
      cells were determined. The maximal sulphate uptake velocity was 9.3 nmol sulphate
      X mg protein-1 X min-1, and the apparent Km was 1.4 microM, far below human
      nasopharyngeal or serum sulphate levels.

PMID- 6441641
TI  - Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of thiotepa in mice.
AB  - We defined the plasma and tissue concentrations and pharmacokinetics of thiotepa
      in 22.8-29.3-g male Swiss-Webster mice injected iv with thiotepa at a dose of 5
      mg/kg. Concentrations of thiotepa in ethyl acetate extracts of tissue and plasma
      were determined by gas chromatography. Plasma concentrations of thiotepa declined
      in a biexponential fashion that was well-described by the equation: Ct = 52.03e
      3.36t + 3.10e-0.072t, indicating an alpha-half-life of 0.21 mins and a beta-half
      life of 9.62 mins. Thiotepa was rapidly and extensively distributed through the
      tissues studied and was not concentrated in any particular tissue, although the
      liver consistently contained concentrations of thiotepa much lower than any other
      tissue studied. By 1 hr after injection, there was little thiotepa in plasma or
      any tissue.

PMID- 6441642
TI  - The purification and chemical characterisation of the alginate present in
      extracellular material produced by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - A rapid ion-exchange method has been used to purify the alginate from the
      extracellular material of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from
      the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The structure has been investigated by
      chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, paper chromatography, and gas-liquid
      chromatography. The alginates contain mainly random or poly(D-mannuronic acid)
      block structures, and are highly acetylated. The relative viscosity is not
      correlated with the ratio of D-mannuronic acid to L-guluronic acid residues, or
      the degree of acetylation. The chemical/physical properties of the alginate from
      P. aeruginosa are considered in the context of the growth of the organism in the
      lung.

PMID- 6441643
TI  - Octopamine- and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the brain of Locusta
      migratoria during its development.
AB  - Octopamine- and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclases were studied in the brain
      of Locusta migratoria during its metamorphosis. In the adult brain the effects of
      octopamine and dopamine on adenylate cyclase were additive, suggesting the
      presence of separate populations of adenylate cyclase-linked receptors for
      octopamine and dopamine. There are no separate receptors for noradrenaline.
      Octopamine stimulates adenylate cyclase in both adult and larval brain; however,
      in adult brain octopamine is more potent than in larval brain. Dopamine
      stimulates adenylate cyclase activity only in adult brain. The sensitivity of
      adenylate cyclase to octopamine changes during the development of the animal.
      Phentolamine and cyproheptadine are potent antagonists of octopamine-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase, while propranolol has a weak effect. No cytosol factor which
      would modulate either basal or octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase was found.
      The effect of GTP and octopamine on adenylate cyclase was synergistic in adult
      brain but not in larval brain, while the effect of GppNHp and octopamine was
      synergistic in both adult and larval brains.

PMID- 6441644
TI  - Peroxidase-positive endothelial cells in rat liver.
AB  - Rat liver fixed by perfusion with low glutaraldehyde concentrations was incubated
      in diaminobenzidine-containing medium to stain for peroxidase. Endogenous
      peroxidatic activity was found not only in Kupffer cells but also in the
      endothelial cells lining the sinusoids and central veins. The reaction product
      was localized in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. The peroxidatic
      activity in endothelial cells showed a concentration-dependent sensitivity to
      glutaraldehyde: in liver samples fixed with 0.25% glutaraldehyde, approx. 23% of
      the sinusoidal endothelial cells and 65% of central vein endothelium were
      peroxidase-positive; with 0.5% glutaraldehyde, only approx. 8% of the sinusoidal
      endothelial cells contained detectable amounts of the reaction product; with 1.5%
      glutaraldehyde all endothelial cells were consistently peroxidase-negative. No
      peroxidatic activity could be found in liver endothelial cells following
      isolation by centrifugal elutriation. Endothelial cell peroxidase may possibly be
      involved in defense responses of liver and/or, as a part of prostaglandin
      synthase system, in prostanoid production.

PMID- 6441645
TI  - Chemical modification of ansamitocins. III. Synthesis and biological effects of 3
      acyl esters of maytansinol.

PMID- 6441646
TI  - Influence of microsomal and cytosolic fractions from the liver of 4 animal
      species and man on the mutagenicity of carcinogenic aminoazo dyes and nature of
      the mutagenicity-enhancing factor in the cytosol from rat liver.

PMID- 6441647
TI  - [Carnitine in postoperative parenteral treatment].
AB  - The Authors study the effect of intravenous L-Carnithine on the free plasma amino
      acid pattern in the post-operative course of a group of 25 selected patients who
      underwent toracic and abdominal elective surgical procedures. They compared the
      results with the data from another group of patients, in conditions similar to
      the former, but who did not receive Carnithine. The results show that Carnithine
      is able to reduce gluconeogenesis and proteolysis, probably by an improvement of
      lipolysis; so the Authors believe that Carnithine carries a useful contribution
      in the post-operative care of the surgical patient.

PMID- 6441648
TI  - [Use of the CO2 laser in the treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma:
      lymphoadenectomy].
AB  - The Authors, after pointing out the incidence of complications subsequent to
      lymphoadenectomy performed with the traditional means (lymphorrhea, dehiscence of
      the pound, etc.), report their experience concerning the removal of inguinal or
      aqillary lymphnodes of patients suffering from cutaneous malignant melanoma (N+),
      performed pith laser lancet. After a short description of the peculiar features
      of the Laser Surgical Unit they used, the Authors emphasize that, thanks to the
      peculiar power for the laser lancet to close the lymphatic vessels during the
      lancing itself, surgeons can prevent the postoperative lymphorrhea, which is the
      main cause of dehiscence of such surgical wounds.

PMID- 6441649
TI  - [Minimal jejunostomy for early postoperative enteral feeding: technic and
      results].
AB  - From March 1980 to December 1982, at the 2nd Surgical Clinic of the University of
      Milan, 47 jejunostomies were performed at the conclusion of a major
      gastrointestinal surgery to provide immediate post-operative enteral nutrition. A
      fine needle catheter jejunostomy technique according to Delaney (10) was employed
      in all cases, using a polythene catheter with an internal diameter of 2.5 mm.
      inserted into the proximal jejunum using a stainless-steel needle. An elemental
      diet (13) was adopted and fed through a volumetric infusion pump. Enteral
      nutrition was usually initiated on the second postoperative day and on average
      lasted 12 days. No complications connected to positioning, permanence or removal
      of the catheter were observed. The only inconvenience was represented by
      obstruction of the catheter with food concretion thus feeding was discontinued in
      3 patients. Collateral effects were observed in 9 patients: diarrhoea (5 cases),
      hyperperistaltis (2 cases), abdominal distension and nausea (1 case). This method
      of nutritional intake allowed us to: maintain body weight at pre-operative
      values; obtain a positive nitrogen balance on average the sixth postoperative
      day; reduce the volume of parenteral support, early suspension and a significant
      reduction in complications connected with this method.

PMID- 6441650
TI  - [Treatment with total parenteral nutrition in inflammatory diseases of the
      intestine].
AB  - The authors present 33 cases of inflammatory diseases of the bowel (15 cases of
      Crohn's disease and 18 of Ulcerative Colitis) and patients are divided into 3
      groups according to clinical, laboratory and pathological parameters. Also from
      the results obtained, they believe that T.P.N. is particolary indicated in
      patients of the second stage, in which T.P.N. has double function. It permits an
      adequate alimentation and reintegration of protein, vitamins as well as hydro
      electrolytes. Allowing the intestine to rest it also repair its mucosa.

PMID- 6441651
TI  - [Mechanical and chemotherapeutic preparation of the colon for surgical
      intervention].
AB  - The authors maintain the opportunity of a mechanical and chemotherapeutical
      preparation of colon for the surgical operation, and illustrate the methods
      thereof. They report their clinical experience about the preoperative and
      peroperative cleaning, and confirm the importance of decompressive
      transversostomy as a protection of colorectal anastomoses.

PMID- 6441652
TI  - [External duodeno-pancreatic fistulas. Proposal of an associated treatment:
      aspiration with a nutripump and infusion of lactic acid].
AB  - A technique is proposed for a conservative treatment of the duodenal-pancreatic
      fistula. The use of a two-way peristaltic pump; with normal flux for the enteric
      route and inverted flux for aspiration with terminal in external fistula allowing
      for in the meantime a constant infusion of lactic acid.

PMID- 6441653
TI  - [Original operative technic in the surgical treatment of recto-sigmoid
      perforations (traumatic lesions, diverticular perforations, anastomotic
      dehiscences)].
AB  - In the modern rectal surgery the AA. think it be useful to preserve the
      sphinteric integrity to the greatest part of patients with non neoplastic
      rectosigmoid perforations (traumatic, diverticular, anastomotic leakage). They
      obtain to remove, by a personal modification, the difficulties and the
      disadvantages of intestinal restitution following the Hartmann's procedure.

PMID- 6441654
TI  - [Epidemiologic approach to gonococcal infections in Senegal through the study of
      auxotypes].
AB  - 287 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Dakar during a 26 months period
      (April 1981-May 1983) were sent to Pasteur Institute of Paris for auxotyping.
      They are distributed in (+): 56%, (PRO-): 21%, (ARG-): 13%, and nine minor
      auxotypes to the exclusion of (AHU-). Auxotypes distribution according to the
      sex, the kind of samples and the race do not give proof of significant
      difference. Monthly distribution shows an endemic circulation of auxotypes (+)
      and (PRO-), as well as an unstability of auxotype (ARG-) that was prevailing in
      early months. 22 strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (among
      which the first strains isolated in Senegal) belong to auxotypes (+), (PRO-) and
      (PRO-, ARG-). This distribution does not differ from that of non-producer
      strains. Gonococcal auxotyping provides an useful epidemiologic marker in order
      to search after the source of a contamination, to discern a failure of the
      treatment from a later infection and, on a wide plan, to survey the resistant
      strains spreading.

PMID- 6441655
TI  - [Enteral feeding with a nasogastric microtube].

PMID- 6441656
TI  - [Daytime-dependent differences in the effect of cyclophosphamide and
      centrophenoxine in Wistar rats].

PMID- 6441657
TI  - [Traction screw osteosynthesis after ramus osteotomy with resorbable
      osteosynthesis screws of polydioxanone (PDS)--initial results].

PMID- 6441658
TI  - The effect of dietary protein on cystine excretion in patients with cystinuria.
AB  - Seven patients with homozygous cystinuria were studied on a metabolic ward to
      determine the effect of dietary manipulation on urinary cystine excretion.
      Isocaloric diets were calculated based on body weight and activity. Balance
      studies were performed for 5 days on a low protein diet (9.4 +/- 1.0% total
      calories) with equal amounts of animal and plant protein sources and an
      additional 5 days on a high protein (27 +/- 3.0% of total calories) with 70%
      animal protein. A significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in the excretion of 1/2
      cystine, histidine, 3-methylhistidine, 1-methylhistidine, lysine, and ornithine
      plus arginine occurred on the low protein diet. The mean excretion of 1/2-cystine
      on the high protein diet was 6.13 +/- 1.48 mMoles per 24 hours which decreased to
      4.89 +/- 1.06 mMoles per 24 hours on the low protein diet (p less than 0.001).
      Thirty seven percent of urine collections during the study were less than 2
      liters/24 hours despite the fact that patients were encouraged to drink enough
      fluid to make 3 liters of urine/24 hours. For patients whose customary diet is
      high in animal protein, a more vegetarian diet may significantly reduce urinary
      cystine excretion. Cystine excretion in patients with cystinuria may be
      significantly different from day to day if animal protein consumption is
      variable.

PMID- 6441659
TI  - Comparative study of serum amyloid-related protein SAA, C-reactive protein, and
      beta 2-microglobulin as markers of renal allograft rejection.
AB  - The effect of renal allograft rejection on the concentrations of the amyloid
      related protein SAA, C-reactive protein (CRP), and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m)
      were compared, and the usefulness of post-transplant monitoring of these proteins
      in rejection diagnosis was evaluated. On the basis of the data from 30 reversible
      allograft rejections, the SAA test in rejection diagnosis was found to be more
      useful than either the beta 2m or CRP tests. The dramatic rejection-induced SAA
      elevation made it possible to choose a limit value for the SAA test that combined
      high sensitivity with reasonably high specificity. In contrast, limit values for
      beta 2m or CRP giving high sensitivity were combined with relatively low
      specificity. It is concluded that while post-transplant monitoring of SAA, CRP
      and beta 2m can all provide useful information aiding the early recognition and
      verification of acute allograft rejection, the properties of SAA are best suited
      for the purpose of a rejection marker.

PMID- 6441660
TI  - Impaired vessel wall response to venous occlusion in patients with chronic renal
      failure on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - We have studied vessel wall function in two groups of patients with chronic renal
      failure - 1) conservative treatment only and 2) maintenance hemodialysis. Three
      proteins synthesized by vascular endothelium-plasminogen activator (PA), factor
      VIII related antigen (VIII:RAg) and antithrombin III (ATIII) - were assayed
      before and after a fifteen minute period of venous occlusion. The release of PA
      was significantly reduced in patients on maintenance hemodialysis as compared to
      both undialyzed uremics and controls. Lesser amounts of VIII:RAg were also
      released by hemodialysis patients than by undialyzed uremics. These defects,
      which are suggestive of vessel wall dysfunction on maintenance hemodialysis, may
      contribute to the high incidence of arteriopathy and thrombotic disease observed
      in this group of patients.

PMID- 6441661
TI  - Extended HLA haplotypes and Berger's disease.

PMID- 6441662
TI  - Complications of multiple gestation.

PMID- 6441663
TI  - Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

PMID- 6441664
TI  - Endocrinology of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6441665
TI  - The use of pergonal for the induction of ovulation.
AB  - With proper patient selection, appropriate pretreatment studies and careful
      monitoring will ensure that patients ovulate safely. Table 7 is a summary of the
      results that may be expected following properly monitored hMG therapy. Among
      estrogen-deficient patients without other causes of infertility, the cumulative
      pregnancy rate after six cycles will exceed 90%. However, among normoestrogenic
      patients with no other infertility factors the cumulative conception rate has
      been reported to be only 50% after 12 courses of therapy, although with the use
      of ultrasound monitoring it is likely that this latter figure will improve.
      Nevertheless, these data may be used to afford couples with a realistic
      prognosis.

PMID- 6441666
TI  - The use of ovulation-inducing agents in in-vitro fertilization.
AB  - In view of the increasing pregnancy rate associated with increased numbers of
      embryos transferred to the uterus, it is optimal to transfer more than one embryo
      to each patient. This requires treatment with ovulation-inducing agents to
      increase the number of preovulatory follicles developing. However, the degree of
      ovarian "hyperstimulation" must be limited to prevent subsequent luteal-phase
      dysfunction. In all probability, the ideal regimen for enhanced follicular
      recruitment to achieve these goals has not as yet been determined. Up to this
      time multiple different regimens have been used throughout the world, all of
      which have achieved an increase in the number of embryos available for uterine
      replacement. Unfortunately, as the degree of augmented follicular development is
      increased, there appears to be a progressive shortening of the luteal length. It
      remains to be determined whether or not this shortening of the luteal length can
      be overcome by pharmacologic support of the luteal phase. In addition, if all
      embryos recovered are to be transferred to the uterus in the treatment cycle,
      there is a substantial risk (ranging from 10% to 35%) that if a woman becomes
      pregnant, she will have a multiple pregnancy. As ethical constraints challenge
      the advisability of selecting only some of the available embryos for uterine
      replacement, the development of cryopreservation for subsequent uterine
      replacement appears highly desirable.

PMID- 6441667
TI  - The monitoring of ovulation induction using ultrasound and estrogen.

PMID- 6441668
TI  - Detection of antilymphocyte antibodies in patients with scleroderma using three
      different techniques.
AB  - The occurrence of antilymphocyte antibodies (AL-Ab) was investigated in the sera
      of 28 patients with scleroderma. By indirect immunofluorescence, we found these
      Ab in 53% of the sera. Inhibition of E rosette formation and lymphocytotoxicity
      revealed these Ab in 42% and 14% of the sera respectively. Most of the Ab (93%)
      reacted at 0 degrees C. These AL-Ab can be separated into several groups
      depending on their inhibitory activity on the lymphocyte membrane. In some cases,
      the receptor seems similar to that of sheep red blood cells. The study of the
      clinical features of the patients showed few differences between the groups with
      and those without Al-Ab. It must be noted that all the patients with the CREST
      syndrome (6 cases) possessed Al-Ab.

PMID- 6441669
TI  - Oral gold (auranofin) in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a 48-week phase II study.

PMID- 6441670
TI  - Placebo-controlled comparison of oral gold with injectable gold in early
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6441671
TI  - Estimation of glomerular filtration rate, without blood samples, during
      renography.
AB  - The radiotracer 99Tcm DTPA is cleared from the blood by glomerular filtration.
      Measurement of the clearance rate of a radionuclide has previously required
      serial blood samples taken over a period of several hours. This report describes
      a technique where no blood samples are necessary and glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) and relative function can be determined prior to the excretion phase in
      routine renography after tracer arrival in the kidneys. The percentage uptake
      values for 20 patients were correlated with GFR values from 51Cr EDTA clearance
      tests.

PMID- 6441672
TI  - The varieties of von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6441673
TI  - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues in type I and type
      II collagens.
AB  - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of type I and type II collagens was examined by
      incubating collagen substrates with D-glucose in vitro. In one set of
      experiments, unlabeled collagen was incubated with [14C]-glucose and the
      incorporation of [14C]-radioactivity into protein was determined by TCA
      precipitation. The incorporation was dependent on the concentration of glucose
      and the time of incubation. The glucosylated product was also examined by SDS
      polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that both alpha
      1(I)- and alpha 2(I)-chains of type I collagen were glucosylated and the
      glucosylation occurred both with native and denatured collagen as substrate. In
      further studies [3H]-lysine-labeled collagens were glucosylated, the products
      reduced by NaBH4, and the [3H]-lysine-derived residues were separated by amino
      acid analyzer. After a 144 h incubation in vitro, 18.9% of [3H]-lysyl residues
      and 36.5% of [3H]-hydroxylysyl residues in type I collagen were substituted with
      glucose. In contrast, 47.9% of [3H]-lysyl residues and 68.1% of [3H]-hydroxylysyl
      residues in type II collagen were glucosylated after 144 h incubation. Based on
      quantitative amino acid analyses of the substrates, these values represent 27.6
      lysine plus hydroxylysine residues substituted per triple-helical type I collagen
      molecule and 65.3 residues per triple-helical type II collagen molecule. Thus,
      type I and type II collagens display differential susceptibilities to
      nonenzymatic glucosylation. Finally, [3H]-proline-labeled type I collagen was
      glucosylated to varying extents, and the glucosylated products were used as
      substrates for human polymorphonuclear leukocyte collagenase. No difference in
      susceptibility to this collagenase was noted, irrespective of the extent of
      glucosylation.

PMID- 6441674
TI  - A mild form of ovine dermatosparaxis.
AB  - Dermatosparaxis is an inherited disease which results from a deficiency in
      procollagen aminopropeptidase activity. A form of this disease in sheep has been
      examined which is much milder than the previously reported instance in sheep.
      Partially processed pN alpha 1 and pN alpha 2 chains are present in the skin of
      affected animals and have been characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid
      analysis, susceptibility to collagenase digestions and by segment-long-spacing
      aggregate formations. Fully processed collagen is also present in the skin of
      affected animals indicating that some aminopropeptidase activity is present.
      Extracts from the skin of affected animals were shown to contain an
      aminopropeptidase activity which was about 25% of the activity found in similar
      extracts from normal animals.

PMID- 6441675
TI  - Chelating effect of EDTA on nickel.
AB  - The chelating effect of disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) in nickel
      allergic patients was investigated. After pretreatment of the right half of the
      patient's back with 10% EDTA in a cream, and the left half of the back with the
      cream base only, various concentrations of nickel sulphate were patch tested on
      these areas. The blocking effect of the 10% EDTA cream appeared to be significant
      in comparison with that of the cream base only (p less than 0.01). A barrier
      cream with 10% EDTA might be of help in nickel-allergic patients with eczema of
      the hands.

PMID- 6441676
TI  - Captopril in the treatment of hypertension in predialytic end-stage renal
      disease.

PMID- 6441677
TI  - Determinants of oxygenation during hemodialysis and related procedures.

PMID- 6441678
TI  - Blue and ultraviolet light induced damage to the Drosophila retina:
      ultrastructure.
AB  - Intense ultraviolet (UV) and blue stimulation photolyses rhodopsin through a
      fluorescent metarhodopsin (M') in the predominant photoreceptor type, R1-6, of
      the compound eye of white eyed Drosophila melanogaster. We investigated the
      associated retinal degeneration using High Voltage Electron Microscopy (HVEM).
      The threshold for UV induced damage was about 19 log quanta/cm2 while for blue,
      the threshold was about 20. These intensities are toward the upper level of the
      dynamic range for rhodopsin photolysis. Thus, there is a sensitization for near
      UV induced degeneration as had been found for photolysis of the visual pigment.
      Vitamin A deprivation protects against light elicited retinal degeneration,
      particularly in the UV. Since vitamin A deprivation eliminates the blue absorbing
      rhodopsin and a UV sensitizing pigment in R1-6, the degeneration is likely
      mediated through quantal absorption through these photoexcitation pigments.
      Intense light converts the microvilli of the rhabdomeres (the photopigment
      containing organelles) into dense strands and the cytoplasm fills with a dense
      reticulum. Such damage is elicited shortly after stimulation and is permanent.
      Under most conditions, the second order interneurons are spared. These results
      are discussed in the context of other animal models of intense light retinal
      degeneration.

PMID- 6441680
TI  - Effect of Salviae miltiorrhizae compound on pulmonary artery hypertension caused
      by chronic pulmonary thromboembolism.

PMID- 6441679
TI  - Canine retinal superoxide dismutase: identity with the erythrocyte enzyme.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase has been isolated from canine retina and compared to the
      commercial erythrocyte enzyme. The two enzymes have been characterized by
      biochemical and immunochemical methods. By the criteria used (enzymatic activity,
      immunoactivity, absorption spectra, electrophoretic properties, amino acid
      analyses and peptide maps), the two enzymes are completely homogeneous.

PMID- 6441681
TI  - Cytogenetic study on the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with trophoblastic
      tumors following chemotherapy.

PMID- 6441682
TI  - Histopathologic correlation of CT findings in cerebral hemorrhage and infarct.

PMID- 6441683
TI  - Successful craniotomy for multiple intracranial hematomas.

PMID- 6441684
TI  - Mitral valve replacement with porcine heterograft. A follow up study of 74 cases.

PMID- 6441685
TI  - Chaotic atrial tachycardia in 22 infants.

PMID- 6441686
TI  - Surgical treatment of recurrent symptoms after curative radiotherapy for
      esophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 6441687
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on mitochondria. Diagnosis of acute leukemia.

PMID- 6441688
TI  - Sclerotic fasciitis. A clinical and pathologic analysis of 21 cases.

PMID- 6441689
TI  - Cell proliferation kinetics in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.

PMID- 6441690
TI  - Stump gastric cancer in China. A review of 40 cases.

PMID- 6441691
TI  - Endemic goiter due to iodine rich salt and its pickled vegetables.

PMID- 6441692
TI  - [Clinical study on the use of lithium carbonate in the attenuation of
      granulocytopenia and infection during combination chemotherapy of malignant blood
      diseases].

PMID- 6441693
TI  - [Diffusion in gel-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of
      clonorchiasis sinensis].

PMID- 6441694
TI  - [Contamination, biotype and serotype of Bacillus cereus in food].

PMID- 6441695
TI  - Effects of surgical treatment in epileptic children.

PMID- 6441696
TI  - Hyperosmolarity response of ocular standing potential as a clinical test for
      retinal pigment epithelium activity diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - The hyperosmolarity response, a drug-induced response from the retinal pigment
      epithelium, was recorded in diabetic retinopathy. The hyperosmolarity response
      was occasionally abnormal at the pre-retinopathic stage and at the first stage of
      retinopathy by Scott classification. The response was frequently abnormal at the
      second and third stages of retinopathy. The hyperosmolarity response is useful
      for early diagnosis of pigment epitheliopathy in diabetes.

PMID- 6441697
TI  - [Nuclear nonhistone proteins of hepatomas and the liver in rats after the action
      of hepatic carcinogens and the operation of partial hepatectomy].

PMID- 6441698
TI  - [Background heart contraction frequency--the determining factor of baroreflex
      sensitivity: a comparative physiological analysis].

PMID- 6441699
TI  - [effect of manniprus (mannitol and naniprus) on the blood pressure of rats].

PMID- 6441700
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the sensitivity to hormonal inducers of
      differentiation in induced mammary cancer in rats].
AB  - gamma-Irradiated rat mammary tumours induced by DMBA are likely to enhance the
      level of differentiation and to lose their malignant properties when stimulated
      to differentiation by neuroendocrine factors.

PMID- 6441701
TI  - [Changes in the metastasis of experimental tumors and in the antimetastatic
      effect of cytostatics in their pharmacological action on adrenergic processes].
AB  - Different pharmacologic drugs (isadrin, obsidan, phentolamine) changing
      adrenergic processes are shown to have different effect on the growth and
      development of lung metastases. An increase in the antimetastatic effect of some
      cytostatics is also observed in mice with Lewis carcinoma and melanoma B-16 under
      the influence of isadrin, a stimulator of beta-adrenoreceptors. In authors'
      opinion, isadrin changes microcirculation in lungs and prevents inhibition of the
      immune reactivity in animals with metastatic tumours, thus contributing to
      inhibition of the development and growth of metastases.

PMID- 6441702
TI  - Physiology of resuscitation.
AB  - Ischemia ultimately leads to loss of thermodynamic order in all cells. During
      ischemia and reperfusion, the influx of Ca2+ ions appears to initiate a number of
      cell processes, the reversal of which depends on the re-establishment and
      maintenance of adequate organ perfusion and high energy metabolism. Promising
      therapeutic approaches for accomplishing these goals include substrate
      augmentation, inhibition of calcium-activated injury, membrane stabilization,
      manipulation of the cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase reactions, and the use of free
      radical scavengers.

PMID- 6441703
TI  - Acute resuscitation of the patient with head and spinal cord injuries.
AB  - The major immediate goal in the treatment of a patient with central nervous
      system injuries is to prevent secondary injuries resulting from hypotension,
      hypoxemia, hypercapnia, intracranial hypertension, infection, and unnecessary
      motion of an unstable spinal column. This combined with application of the
      fundamentals of trauma resuscitation should achieve optimal results.

PMID- 6441704
TI  - On the role of the engrailed+ gene in the internal organs of Drosophila.
AB  - Our purpose is to assess the effects of lethal alleles of engrailed on cells of
      the internal organs of Drosophila. Using nuclear transplantation we make mosaic
      flies that contain regions made by engrailed-lethal cells that are genetically
      labelled. We find that engrailed-lethal cells cause defects in some parts of the
      epidermis and central nervous system. Most of the internal organs of the fly are
      assessed and of those, all organs and tissues derived from the endoderm or the
      splanchnic and somatic mesoderm are normal; flies carrying engrailed-lethal cells
      in large areas of these organs are viable. We postulate that segments of the
      mesoderm are single units of cell lineage and that, unlike the ectoderm, they are
      not subdivided into anterior and posterior compartments.

PMID- 6441705
TI  - Inhibition of proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus by the
      calcium-specific ionophore A23187.
AB  - At calcium-specific ionophore A23187 concentrations of approximately 0.25 microM
      [which still allow assembly and release of fowl plague virus (FPV) particles]
      post-translational proteolytic cleavage of the viral hemagglutinin precursor HA
      into the fragments HA1 and HA2 is inhibited. The resulting virus particles with
      uncleaved hemagglutinin, that cannot be obtained under normal conditions, provide
      a suitable substrate for in vitro assays of the protease sensitivity of the FPV
      hemagglutinin. Proteolytic activation is accomplished with trypsin. Treatment
      with cathepsin B at low pH yields aberrant cleavage products suggesting that the
      cellular cleavage enzyme is not of lysosomal origin. A protease that cleaves the
      FPV hemagglutinin in the correct place can be detected in lysates of MDBK cells.
      This enzyme is calcium dependent and has a neutral pH optimum.

PMID- 6441707
TI  - Hsp70 accelerates the recovery of nucleolar morphology after heat shock.
AB  - The major heat-shock protein, hsp70, is synthesized by cells of many organisms in
      response to stress. In the present study, Drosophila hsp70 was expressed from
      cloned genes in mouse L cells and monkey COS cells and detected by
      immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. Hsp70 is found mostly but not
      exclusively in the nucleus of unstressed cells. For several hours after a short
      heat shock, however, it is strongly concentrated in nucleoli. Nucleoli are
      transiently damaged by such a heat shock: their morphology changes and assembly
      and export of ribosomes is blocked for several hours. This block can be
      visualized by addition of actinomycin D: under normal conditions pre-ribosomes
      are chased out of nucleoli, and the latter shrink dramatically, but no such
      shrinking is seen in heat-shocked cells. High levels of hsp70 can be produced in
      unstressed COS cells by transfecting them with an appropriate expression plasmid.
      Such cells show a more rapid recovery of nucleolar morphology following a heat
      shock than do untransfected cells. Furthermore, heat shock does not prevent
      shrinkage of their nucleoli in the presence of actinomycin, which indicates that
      ribosome export also recovers rapidly when pre-synthesized hsp70 is present. I
      suggest that an important function of hsp70 is to catalyze reassembly of damaged
      pre-ribosomes and other RNPs after heat shock.

PMID- 6441706
TI  - c-myc and immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant genes are on the 8q+
      chromosome of three Burkitt lymphoma lines with t(2;8) translocations.
AB  - We have determined the localization of c-myc and the immunoglobulin kappa light
      chain genes on the 8q+/2p- chromosomes of the three Burkitt lymphoma lines BL21,
      LY66 and LY91 with t(2;8) translocation by in situ hybridization. BL21 is
      characterized by a complex translocation in which a piece of chromosome 9 appears
      to be located between the fragments of chromosome 8 and 2 on the 8q+ chromosome.
      Our data indicate that in all three cell lines the c-myc gene is located on the
      8q+ chromosome proximal to the breakpoint in band 8q24. In all cell lines
      examined the cluster of kappa variable genes has remained on the 2p- chromosome.
      In LY91 cells the major part of the joining region remained on 2p-, while the
      joining region has moved to 8q+ in the cell lines BL21 and LY66. In all three
      cell lines the constant kappa light chain gene was found on the 8q+ chromosome.
      The fact that an essentially identical pattern was found in the cell line BL21,
      with the complex translocation, suggests that the insertion of the piece of
      chromosome 9 into the 8q+ chromosome might be a secondary event. Our present data
      fit into the concept that in all Burkitt lymphoma lines investigated so far,
      including cases with t(8;14) and the variant translocations t(2;8) and t(8;22),
      the c-myc gene becomes situated at the 5' side of an immunoglobulin constant
      gene. This may have implications for the generation of somatic mutations in the
      coding and non-coding part of the c-myc gene.

PMID- 6441708
TI  - An anti-human immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody for detection of antibodies to
      Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - An anti-human mu-chain monoclonal antibody, Tibi 82, was produced and tested for
      specificity by radioimmunoassay. Its reliability in detecting IgM antibodies to
      Toxoplasma gondii was tested by two reverse immunosorbent methods (IgM-ISAGA and
      IgM-SPIHA) and the IgM fluorescent antibody test (IgM-IFA) on 400 sera. Whereas
      the results obtained with Tibi 82 and with two polyclonal reagents were highly
      correlated, the third commercial polyclonal reagent provided many false negative
      results. By standardizing IgM binding, Tibi 82 allowed the comparison of IgM
      ISAGA with IgM-SPIHA on 100 sera: 17% of the sera tested showed discrepancies due
      to the different toxoplasma antigens used. Although Tibi 82 facilitated the
      reading of results and enhanced sensitivity and specificity of the double
      sandwich IgM-IFA method, the latter was still less sensitive than IgM-ISAGA with
      Tibi 82. Tests with the monoclonal antibody were consistently superior to tests
      with polyclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6441709
TI  - 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A: in vitro activity and interpretive zone standards for
      disk diffusion susceptibility tests.
AB  - The in vitro activity of 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A was compared to that of
      amikacin and tobramycin against 5,230 clinical isolates in four institutions.
      Amikacin and tobramycin were more active than 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., but all three drugs had similar
      activity against the Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus. Additional
      tests with 335 representative gram-negative bacilli compared five different
      aminoglycosides, demonstrating differences with some isolates. Standardized disk
      diffusion tests were also performed with 30 micrograms 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A
      disks, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The
      following interpretive breakpoints are proposed: less than or equal to 11 mm for
      resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) and greater than or
      equal to 15 mm for susceptible (MIC less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 6441710
TI  - Niacin, nitrate and pyrazinamide studies using Middlebrook 7H10 Broth.
AB  - An innovative and rapid method for testing mycobacteria was developed using
      Middlebrook 7H10 Tween Broth in place of conventional media. Niacin production,
      nitrate reduction and the breakdown of pyrazinamidase were determined in 198
      mycobacteria isolates. Less than nine days were required to obtain positive test
      results, and the correlation of tween broth with conventional test methods
      exceeded 98%.

PMID- 6441711
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and experimental data on beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment
      of patients.
AB  - The in vitro and animal model studies on optimal dosage of the newer beta-lactams
      are summarized and put into historical perspective. They provide a rationale for
      dosage schedules that continuously maintain inhibitory serum and tissue
      concentrations throughout the dosage interval. In vitro studies on the post
      antibiotic effect (PAE) with beta-lactams revealed only short time periods of
      post-antibiotic growth suppression with gram-positive cocci and no post
      antibiotic effect with gram-negative bacilli. A similar lack of persistent growth
      suppression was observed with beta-lactams in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection
      model for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the same animal
      model, dosing regimens of beta-lactams which continuously provided serum
      concentrations above the MIC were more efficacious than those that did not. The
      newer third-generation cephalosporins have prolonged half-lives and can maintain
      serum levels above the MIC for most pathogens, even when dosed at widely spaced
      intervals.

PMID- 6441712
TI  - Soft-tissue uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate in systemic AL amyloidosis.
AB  - A case of systemic AL (amyloid light-chain-derived) amyloidosis is presented, in
      which a 99mTc-diphosphonate bone scan demonstrated the intense uptake of tracer
      in the liver, spleen, heart, thyroid, oropharyngeal region, intestinal tract and
      uterus. The presence of amyloid deposits in these organs was confirmed at
      autopsy. A review of the literature is given. In amyloidosis, the binding of
      radionuclide-labeled calcium-seeking agents, such as diphosphonate and
      pyrophosphate, may be explained by the high calcium content of amyloid. The
      presence of calcium in amyloid is due to the presence of the non-fibrillar
      protein, amyloid P-component (AP). In our patient, the amyloid deposits reacted
      on immunofluorescence with antibodies directed against AP.

PMID- 6441713
TI  - [Epileptic patients in the psychiatric clinic. From twilight attacks to
      psychosis].
AB  - Cases of epilepsy at the University Psychiatric Clinic of Bern during the decade
      1968 to 1977 are analysed, and of 203 such cases 122 were psychotic. In
      comparison to the non-psychotic cases those with psychosis showed significantly
      more females, more kryptogenesis, more combined hereditary taint with epilepsy
      and other neuropsychiatric diseases (excluding neuroses and psychopathies) and
      more alteration of character, but not more intellectual deterioration.
      Psychomotor epilepsies were over-represented among the psychotic cases. They did
      not differ from other forms of epilepsy as regards kryptogenetic origin or number
      of first degree relatives with epilepsy, but this group did contain all 3 cases
      in our material who had first degree relatives with schizophrenia. The striking
      similarity between results of stimulation through deeply implanted electrodes in
      the limbic system and familiar symptoms of schizophrenia is indicated and
      discussed in this light.

PMID- 6441714
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test and thyroid stimulating hormone response to
      TRH in RDC schizoaffective patients.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) brought to light significantly more non
      suppression of cortisol secretion in RDC schizoaffectives of the depressed (89%)
      and of the manic type (67%) than in RDC schizophrenia (25%). However, only in the
      RDC endogenous depressives, whose pathological DST rate was 57%, was the thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) found
      to be significantly "blunted". It is suggested that the DST results can be
      interpreted as partially validating DSM-III's wide major affective disorder since
      this concept also encompasses all cases with mood-incongruent psychotic features.
      Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the coupling of DST non-suppression and TSH
      "blunting" may be important for defining a valid depressive subgroup within these
      extended clinical boundaries for affective illness.

PMID- 6441715
TI  - Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: connective tissue disorders of the lung.

PMID- 6441717
TI  - Abnormal intestinal motility in diabetics with the gastroparesis syndrome.
AB  - Gastroparesis syndrome is a recognized complication of longstanding diabetes
      mellitus and is attributed to reduced gastric contractility due to
      'autovagotomy'. However, motor abnormalities associated with this syndrome may
      not be limited to the stomach. To test this hypothesis we have studied the
      fasting and fed manometric profiles of the proximal small intestine of fourteen
      patients with the clinical diagnosis of gastroparesis. Abnormal intestinal
      manometric patterns were observed in twelve out of the fourteen patients. In four
      patients there was reduced duodenojejunal phasic pressure activity, whereas in
      nine there were non-propagated long bursts of powerful contractions. Furthermore,
      while the majority of patients (eleven out of fourteen) exhibited the expected
      reduction in antral pressure activity and gastric phase III, a small subgroup of
      three patients exhibited a peculiar continuous 3 min-1 antral contractile
      activity. Our findings show that the small intestine is frequently affected in
      patients with diabetic gastroparesis, and that the motility disorder both in the
      stomach and the small bowel is not invariably of a 'paretic' type. The occurrence
      of incoordinated intestinal long bursts and continuous antral activity suggests
      that disturbed sympathetic innervation participates in the aetiopathogenesis of
      their upper-gut dysfunction.

PMID- 6441716
TI  - Effects of potassium supplementation on insulin binding and insulin action in
      human obesity: protein-modified fast and refeeding.
AB  - To investigate the role of potassium deficiency in the development of glucose
      intolerance during caloric deprivation, potassium balance was maintained within
      normality with oral potassium supplementation in a group of obese subjects who
      underwent protein-modified fast and the results of the study of carbohydrate
      metabolism (oral glucose test, insulin receptors on monocytes and peripheral
      glucose utilization as assessed by euglycaemic clamp) were compared with those
      obtained in a group of obese subjects admitted to protein-modified fast without
      potassium supplementation. Caloric deprivation without oral potassium
      supplementation was followed by a negative potassium balance and a decrease of
      serum potassium levels; a decrease of the peripheral levels of insulin along with
      an increase in insulin receptors and a striking reduction of peripheral glucose
      utilization were also observed. The maintenance of normal potassium balance and
      normal serum potassium levels with oral potassium-chloride supplementation was
      associated with higher peripheral levels of insulin (P less than 0.01) and
      improvement of peripheral glucose utilization (P less than 0.01) whereas the
      binding of insulin to monocytes was unchanged. The data suggest that potassium
      depletion during protein-modified fast causes a decrease of the peripheral levels
      of insulin and a resistance to insulin action at the postreceptors sites which is
      reversed by potassium supply.

PMID- 6441718
TI  - Effect of ovulation on haem metabolism in rabbits.
AB  - To investigate the origin of the cyclic changes in the rate of endogenous carbon
      monoxide production (nCO) during the menstrual cycle, haem turnover was
      determined before and after chorion gonadotropic hormone-induced ovulation in six
      female rabbits. 14C-labelled delta-aminolevulinic acid and glycine were
      administered and the excretion rate of 14CO (A14CO) was measured for
      determination of hepatic and bone-marrow haem turnover, respectively. Carbon
      monoxide production (nCO) was measured to estimate total haem turnover. After
      ovulation A14CO was increased significantly the first 2 h of the early labelled
      peak after 14C-ALA administration and was increased also at the first
      determination during the early peak after 14C-glycine but statistically not
      significantly. The total excretion of labelled CO during the period of the early
      labelled peak was not increased with any of these precursors for haem synthesis.
      On the other hand nCO was increased 34% (P less than 0.05) during the post
      ovulation period. As the increase in 'unassigned' haem turnover was small and may
      be unaccompanied by a contemporary increase in bilirubin/CO production, it was
      concluded that the increase in nCO during the post-ovulation period essentially
      depends on increased destruction of circulating red cells in the rabbit.

PMID- 6441719
TI  - Impermeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to 1-deamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin (DDAVP) in patients with acquired, communicating hydrocephalus.
AB  - The passage of the vasopressin analogue, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin
      (DDAVP) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following intravenous (i.v.)
      administration was studied in human subjects. After i.v. injection of DDAVP,
      resulting in plasma levels exceeding normal plasma concentrations of vasopressin
      (AVP) by 100-fold, serial blood and ventricular CSF specimens were sampled during
      2 h. Plasma and CSF were analysed by radioimmunoassay using two different AVP
      antisera: one specific against natural AVP and another cross-reacting 100% with
      DDAVP. No changes in the joint concentrations of DDAVP + AVP in CSF were found
      following i.v. infusion of DDAVP when compared with the concentration before the
      infusion. Neither was any difference between CSF concentrations of AVP and DDAVP
      + AVP observed at any sampling time following the i.v. DDAVP administration.
      Hence, it is concluded that no measurable amounts of DDAVP can be found in the
      CSF for up to 2 h after i.v. administration of the peptide, and that for all
      practical purposes a blood-CSF barrier to DDAVP exists.

PMID- 6441720
TI  - Effect of dipyrone, acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen on human neutrophil
      chemotaxis.
AB  - Dipyrone metabolites 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-formylaminoantipyrine
      (FAA) as well as acetylsalicylic acid inhibited neutrophil migration toward
      zymosan-activated serum. Inhibition was maximal (76.8 +/- 19.0; 79.2 +/- 12.5 and
      80.0 +/- 4.4%, respectively, P less than 0.003) when suboptimal concentrations
      (0.3%) of the chemoattractant were used and could be demonstrated with drug
      concentrations comparable with plasma concentrations obtained in clinical use.
      Acetaminophen and other dipyrone metabolites 4-aminoantipyrine (AA) and 4
      acetylaminoantipyrine (AAA) lacked chemotactic inhibitory potential. Only MAA and
      FAA inhibited mildly neutrophil random migration (18.1 +/- 7.8 and 11.2 +/- 3.4%,
      respectively). We suggest that blocking neutrophil movement plays a role in the
      anti-inflammatory activity of dipyrone and acetylsalicylic acid, but their
      mechanism of inhibition remains obscure.

PMID- 6441721
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide stimulation of prolactin release and renin
      activity in normal man and patients with hyperprolactinaemia: effects of
      pretreatment with bromocriptine and dexamethazone.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was infused into normal volunteers and
      patients with hyperprolactinaemia. Heart rate increased from 62 +/- 3 to 75 +/- 3
      beats min-1 (P = 0.001) in controls and from 70 +/- 2 to 78 +/- 3 beats min-1 (P
      = 0.001) in hyperprolactinaemics. Similarly, haematocrit increased from 38 +/- 2
      to 44 +/- 1% (P = 0.001) and from 40 +/- 1 to 43 +/- 2% (P = 0.002) and plasma
      renin activity from 910 +/- 59 to a peak of 3344 +/- 282 pg ml-1 h-1 (P = 0.001)
      and from 1577 +/- 671 to a peak of 4954 +/- 1364 pg ml-1 h-1 (P = 0.001) in the
      two groups, respectively. Prolactin concentrations rose in the control group
      only, from 134 +/- 11 to a peak of 377 +/- 35 mU 1(-1) (P = 0.001), whilst in the
      hyperprolactinaemics little change occurred from the pre-infusion concentration
      of 3873 +/- 2179 reaching a peak of 3998 +/- 2347 mU 1(-1) (P greater than 0.07).
      In separate studies, the normal subjects were pretreated with either
      bromocriptine or dexamethazone. Dexamethazone did not alter any parameter of the
      response to VIP. Bromocriptine did not affect the heart rate, haematocrit or
      renin response to VIP but clearly inhibited the rise in prolactin which remained
      at unmeasurable concentrations throughout the infusion.

PMID- 6441722
TI  - Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis: analysis of eighty-five consecutive cases.
AB  - Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis was documented in eighty-five cases. Eighty per
      cent occur in apparently normal thyroid glands; 60% among them occur in males.
      Amiodarone accounted for 50% of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Mean thyroid
      hormone levels at diagnosis were: FT1: 21.7 (normal mean: 7.5, arbitrary units);
      T3: 4.53 nmol 1(-1) (normal: 2.30 nmol 1(-1). Mean 131I- 24-h uptake was 3.5%
      (normal range in France 25-45%) and was activated by exogenous TSH (mean 27%).
      The spontaneous cure in nontreated cases was observed within an average 6 months.
      A phase of biological hypothyroidism (mean FT1: 3.7, T3: 1.23 nmol 1(-1), TSH:
      9.6 microU ml-1 (normal TSH range: 1-7 microU ml-1] preceded the return to
      euthyroidism. Intrathyroid iodine content measured by X-ray fluorescence was
      high, then fell gradually. Thyroid tissue study showed a large quantity of
      intrathyroid iodine and the overiodination of thyroglobulin. Histological and
      electron microscopic studies are reported. Prednisone and in some cases
      propylthiouracile were found to be effective.

PMID- 6441723
TI  - Distal renal tubular dysfunction: a common feature in calcium stone formers.
AB  - Distal renal tubular acidosis has been reported as an uncommon cause of urinary
      calcium stone disease. However, this defect appears to be more frequent when
      appropriate tests are performed systematically. Twenty-nine patients with
      recurrent calcium stones have been separated into three groups: normocalciuric
      (group A), renal hypercalciuric (group B) and absorptive hypercalciuric (group
      C). Distal tubular functions were investigated by the (urine-blood) pCO2 gradient
      and by an ammonium chloride test. (Urine-blood) pCO2 gradient was (mean +/- SEM),
      3.33 +/- 0.59 in group A, 2.95 +/- 0.34 in group B and 3.31 +/- 0.58 kPa in group
      C. All these values differ significantly from those observed in controls (4.11 +/
      0.28 kPa; P less than 0.05). After 3 days of ammonium chloride loading, ammonium
      excretion averaged 54.7 +/- 4.2 in group A, 54.4 +/- 4.3 in group B and 64.3 +/-
      5.5 mumol min-1 in group C. Values obtained in the first two groups were
      significantly lower than that achieved by control subjects (76.4 +/- 14.9 mumol
      min-1). It is concluded that tubular dysfunctions defined as impairments in
      hydrogen ion secretion and ammonium excretion after an acid challenge are a
      common feature of the urinary calcium stone disease and play a contributory role
      in its pathogenesis.

PMID- 6441724
TI  - Dissociation of the Factor-VIII complex during clotting: role of thrombin and
      phospholipids.
AB  - To study the dissociation of the two moieties of the factor-VIII complex during
      clotting, plasma, concentrate and serum were chromatographed on 4% agarose. In
      plasma and concentrate factor-VIII coagulant activity (VIII C), factor-VIII
      coagulant antigen (VIII C:Ag), and factor-VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) eluted
      together in the void volume, but some VIII C:Ag eluted after the void volume. The
      amount of VIII C:Ag eluting after the void volume was made smaller by adding
      proteinase inhibitors. In serum nearly all VIII C:Ag eluted after the void
      volume. From factor-VIII complex immunoadsorbed by means of an antibody against
      VIII R:Ag no VIII C:Ag was dissociated by thrombin or by thrombin and physiologic
      CaCl2 concentrations. Radiolabelled human thrombin did not bind to the VIII C:Ag
      of immunoadsorbed factor-VIII complex. VIII C:Ag displaying VIII C was
      dissociated from immunoadsorbed factor-VIII complex by human brain thromboplastin
      or by phosphatidyl-serine. Our results suggest that VIII C:Ag and VIII R:Ag
      dissociate during clotting. This dissociation seems not to be mediated by
      thrombin, but may be mediated by phospholipids.

PMID- 6441725
TI  - Effects of physical exercise on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone.
AB  - The effects of physical exercise on plasma ionized calcium, total serum calcium
      and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were evaluated in healthy subjects
      submitted to work on an ergometer bicycle. When the workload was increased
      stepwise there was a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the calcium
      concentrations (ionized calcium from 1.13 +/- 0.03 (SD) to 1.24 +/- 0.03 mmol 1(
      1) and total calcium from 2.35 +/- 0.07 to 2.48 +/- 0.07 mmol 1(-1] when the
      workload exceeded approximately 65% of the estimated maximum--i.e. a load that
      caused accumulation in blood of lactic acid. The rise in plasma ionized calcium
      was, therefore, presumably largely attributed to the acidosis but reduction of
      plasma volume and influx from extracellular sources might also have contributed.
      Beta blockade (with oral intake of propranolol) reduced physical capacity,
      shortened the duration of work and caused less acidosis. These factors were
      probably responsible for a smaller rise in ionized calcium during beta blockade
      (7 +/- 4%) than in control studies (21 +/- 5%) without medication in subjects
      examined during short-term maximal exercise. Long-term (1 h) steady-state work
      which caused fatigue without producing lactic acidosis did not affect the calcium
      concentrations. Despite the effects of work on calcium levels there was no
      discernible suppression of the PTH concentrations. This might have been due to a
      concomitant stimulation of PTH secretion by work.

PMID- 6441726
TI  - Species differences in levonorgestrel binding to serum proteins of monkey, rabbit
      and rat blood.
AB  - Levonorgestrel binding to serum proteins of monkey, rabbit and rat was studied.
      It showed high affinity binding to monkey and rabbit serum proteins but not to
      rat serum. Characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that
      the binding of levonorgestrel occurs to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and
      albumin, but in rat it is confined to albumin only. These results suggest species
      differences in levonorgestrel binding to serum proteins and extrapolation of data
      from one animal model to another may not be directly feasible.

PMID- 6441727
TI  - Hypercalcaemia and calcitonin inhibit prolactin secretion.
AB  - The authors investigated the effect of acute hypercalcaemia induced by a 2-hour
      intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate (8.9 mg Ca2+/kg b. w.) on the
      lactotrophic secretory reserve assessed by the test with insulin hypoglycaemia
      (delta PRL) and the effect of an intravenous bolus of 50 IU synthetic salmon
      calcitonin on the lactotrophic secretory reserve assessed by means of the TRH
      test (delta PRL). Acute hypercalcaemia inhibits PRL levels stimulated by insulin
      hypoglycaemia (p less than 0.01) as well as delta PRL (p less than 0.01).
      Calcitonin reduces PRL levels at rest and TRH stimulated levels (p less than 0.05
      and p less than 0.01, respectively) as well as delta PRL (p less than 0.01). The
      prolactin inhibiting effect of calcitonin resembles markedly the effect of
      hypercalcaemia. The exact mechanism of these changes and the physiological impact
      of calcitonin on the regulation of PRL secretion is not known.

PMID- 6441728
TI  - The effect of a single midcycle administration of 0.5 or 2.0 mg dienogest (17
      alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9-dien-3-one) on pituitary and ovarian
      function--investigation for the use as a postcoital contraceptive.
AB  - Estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, LH and FSH levels in plasma were measured
      simultaneously by radioimmunoassay and BBT was recorded in order to investigate
      the effect of a single midcycle oral dose of 0.5 or 2.0 mg dienogest (17 alpha
      cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9-dien-3-one, VEB Jenapharm, Jena/GDR) on
      pituitary and ovarian function in 18 healthy fertile females. After application
      of 0.5 mg dienogest in the follicular phase the cycles appeared to be
      anovulatory. Administration of 2.0 mg two days prior to the expected LH-surge
      produced a delay of the LH-peak combined with an absence of ovulation as well as
      the absence of the normal subsequent increase of progesterone. With 0.5 mg the
      delay of the LH-surge was followed by an ovulation with normal corpus luteum
      function. The application of 0.5 or 2.0 mg one day before or during the rising LH
      peak lowered the LH-surge but ovulation and luteal phase were not altered.
      Administration of both dosages during the LH-peak could neither prevent ovulation
      nor disturb corpus luteum function. Postovulatory ingestion of 0.5 or 2.0 mg
      dienogest during the BBT-rise produced no alteration of the further cycle. These
      results demonstrate that dienogest in a single-dose-administration in midcycle
      can alter pituitary and ovarian function depending on the time interval between
      application and the day of LH-surge.

PMID- 6441729
TI  - Beta-casomorphin inhibits thyrotropin secretion in rats.
AB  - The effects of beta-casomorphin on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and
      thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in rats were studied. beta-casomorphin (300
      micrograms/kg) was injected iv, and the rats were serially decapitated. TRH, TSH
      and thyroid hormone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The hypothalamic
      immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) contents increased significantly after beta
      casomorphin injection, whereas its plasma concentrations tended to decrease, but
      not significantly. The plasma TSH levels decreased significantly in a dose
      related manner with a nadir at 40 min. after the injection. The thyroid hormone
      levels showed no change. The plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold were
      inhibited by beta-casomorphin, but the plasma TSH response to TRH was not.
      Naloxone partially blocked the inhibitory effect of beta-casomorphin on plasma
      TSH levels. In the haloperidol-pretreated group, the inhibitory effect of beta
      casomorphin on plasma TSH levels was prevented, but not in the L-DOPA, para
      chlorophenylalanine- or 5-hydroxytryptophan-pretreated group. These drugs alone
      did not affect plasma TSH levels in terms of the dose used. The findings suggest
      that beta-casomorphin acts at the hypothalamus to inhibit TRH release, and its
      effect are modified by a dopaminergic system.

PMID- 6441730
TI  - Electrophysiological findings after radiotherapy of choroidal melanoma.

PMID- 6441731
TI  - Prostacyclin in pregnancy.

PMID- 6441732
TI  - Purification and characterization of the serum ferroxidase inhibitor.
AB  - The inhibitor of the serum ferroxidases, recently detected in rabbit serum, has
      been purified to homogeneity from human serum by a combination of gel-filtration
      and ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight, chromatographic behavior,
      electrophoretic mobility, electrofocusing pH, carbohydrate content, and
      reactivity with anti-human albumin during immunodiffusion indicate that the
      ferroxidase inhibitor is serum albumin. Copper-binding studies, proteolytic
      fragmentation studies, and a comparison of the inhibitory potencies of several
      albumin species which differ in their affinity for copper strongly indicate that
      albumin elicits its inhibitory effect on the serum ferroxidases by interacting
      with the functional copper of these enzymes. Kinetic analyses further suggest
      that albumin competes with substrate (ferrous iron) for binding to the functional
      copper of the serum ferroxidases.

PMID- 6441733
TI  - Lectin histochemistry of human placenta.
AB  - The human placenta was studied histochemically using 23 fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. Distinct patterns of staining, as well as some
      differences between first-trimester and term placenta, were discerned. Eleven
      lectins (HPA, VVA, BPA, HAA, SBA, PNA, GSA-I, MPA, RCA-I, RCA-II, and UEA-I) did
      not react with the trophoblast. Two lectins (LCA and PEA) reacted with the
      trophoblast of first-trimester placenta but not with the trophoblast of third
      trimester placenta. The remaining ten lectins (ConA, Suc.ConA, WGA, GSA-II, LAA,
      STA, DBA, LBA, PHA-E, and PHA-L) reacted with the trophoblast of both first- and
      third-trimester placenta, and two of these lectins (ConA and Suc.ConA) reacted
      preferentially with the syncytiotrophoblast. Five lectins (LAA, STA, DBA, GSA-II,
      and LBA) reacted with nuclei of the cytotrophoblast. The nuclei of some stromal
      and syncytiotrophoblastic cells were also reactive. Eighteen lectins reacted with
      the trophoblastic basement membrane, and all reacted with Hofbauer cells and the
      stroma of the villi. Lectin binding was influenced by the mode of fixation and
      tissue processing. These data show that some lectins can be used to identify
      components of the placental villi (e.g., basement, membrane) to characterize
      differences between the first- and third-trimester trophoblast, and to
      distinguish the cytotrophoblast from the syncytiotrophoblast.

PMID- 6441734
TI  - Treatment of unstable angina with emphasis on calcium antagonists.
AB  - From the literature which has appeared over the last decade a selection was made
      of the three major calcium antagonists: nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem. In
      the clinical situation, the net hemodynamic and electrophysiological effect of
      these drugs is the result of complex interactions between their peripheral and
      their central effects. The degree of baroceptor stimulation and reflex mediated
      beta-adrenergic activity, which counteracts and influences the intrinsic negative
      dromotopic, chronotopic and inotropic effects of calcium antagonists, are related
      to the degree of peripheral dilation. Nifedipine is the most potent arterial
      vasodilator and is consequently associated with the most intense reflex
      adrenergenic activity. Although their effects on vascular and cardiac muscle are
      similar but not identical, there exist major differences in their antiarrhythmic
      properties. All act as an antiarrhythmic agent when ischemia or reperfusion cause
      the arrhythmias, while verapamil selectively blocks the A-V node conduction. All
      three discussed calcium antagonists are effective in treating patients with
      coronary spasm, variant angina and unstable angina. In our personal experience
      with 73 patients with unstable angina with prolonged severe pain at rest with
      transient ST-segments and T-wavechanges without elevated enzyme levels, 21 became
      asymptomatic within 8 hours of treatment with conventional therapy, which
      included nitrates and betablockers. Of 52 who remained refractory to such
      therapy, the addition of 10 mg of nifedipine orally every two hours to a maximum
      of 60 mg rendered 42 of the 52 asymptomatic within 8 hours. Arguments why we
      believe that the timely administration of nifedipine to these and similar
      patients will reduce or delay the incidence of arrhythmias and myocardial
      infarction are given on the basis of experimental data. Nifedipine greatly
      dilates coronary arteries, an effect which persists even after the drug's general
      hemodynamic effects disappear. It is shown that antagonists have anti-ischemic
      properties which are primarily related to the persistent reduction of the basic
      coronary vascular tone which increases oxygen supply whilst reduced myocardial
      contractility leads to decreased oxygen consumption. Furthermore, preservation of
      cellular integrity is achieved via protection against intracellular Ca2+ excess,
      as demonstrated by preserved intracellular high energy phosphate. A randomized
      multicenter trial in the Netherlands is now in progress to clarify the definitive
      role of beta blockade versus calcium antagonists therapy of their combination in
      this syndrome.

PMID- 6441735
TI  - [Esophageal diverticula and therapeutic inefficacy].

PMID- 6441736
TI  - Tyrosinase-like activity in normal human substantia nigra.
AB  - A tyrosinase-like activity was found in human substantia nigra by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of fractions prepared from homogenates of the substantia
      nigra. The enzyme activity was detected by staining the gels with L-3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine and 5,6-dihydroxyindole as substrates for
      tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1). A case of parkinsonism does not show the L-3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine oxidase activities.

PMID- 6441737
TI  - Calcium reversal: intracellular localization of site of inhibition by a
      submicromolar concentration of Ca ion in uterine smooth muscle shown by studies
      with EGTA.
AB  - The effect of EGTA on the decay of oxytocin-induced contraction of rat uterine
      smooth muscle in Ca-free solution was studied to clarify the mechanism of
      inhibition by low concentration of Ca ion (10(-8)-10(-7) M) of the contraction,
      i.e. "Ca reversal". The decay was significantly greater in the absence than in
      the presence of EGTA (0.2 mM). But the effect was not rapid. The concentration of
      contaminating Ca ion was ca. 10(-5) M and the concentration of free Ca ion was
      ca. 10(-7) M in the presence of EGTA (0.2 mM). The difference in the decay rate
      in the absence and presence of EGTA was found to be due to the difference of
      concentration of free Ca ion, the contaminating Ca ion causing inhibition (Ca
      reversal). The slow appearance of inhibition in the absence of EGTA was due to
      the slow influx of Ca ion into the cell. It is concluded that the "Site of Ca
      reversal", the site of this inhibition, is intracellular and has very high
      affinity for Ca ion.

PMID- 6441738
TI  - [Listeria monocytogenes antibodies in pregnant women treated in obstetrics and
      gynecology hospital departments and outpatient clinics in Poland 1975-1981].

PMID- 6441739
TI  - [Course of labor in Rh isoimmunization].

PMID- 6441740
TI  - Immunological abnormalities in treated hemophiliacs (an Italian study).

PMID- 6441741
TI  - Fibrinopeptide A behaviour in chronic active hepatitis patients.

PMID- 6441742
TI  - Meaning of chromosome 6 aberrations in Ph'-positive chronic granulocytic
      leukemia.

PMID- 6441743
TI  - Myelofibrosis and megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia
      associated with intrinsic platelet dysfunction: hematological, histological and
      ultrastructural findings.

PMID- 6441744
TI  - Prognostic value of karyotype in common acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the
      adult.

PMID- 6441745
TI  - Circulating granulocytic progenitor cell (CFU-GM) cultures in a long surviving
      case of smouldering leukemia.

PMID- 6441746
TI  - T acute lymphoblastic leukemia in ataxia-telangiectasia. Report of a case
      characterized by monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6441747
TI  - [Meningeal involvement in a case of B lymphocyte chronic lymphatic leukemia].

PMID- 6441748
TI  - Intestinal lymphocytic lymphoma with monoclonal IgM gammopathy and bullous
      dermatitis.

PMID- 6441749
TI  - An unusual case of plasma cell dyscrasia with gamma heavy chains in the serum and
      free kappa chains in the urine.

PMID- 6441750
TI  - Early occurrence of acute non lymphocytic leukaemia in B-cell non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.

PMID- 6441751
TI  - Congenital deficiencies of anticoagulant proteins (antithrombin III and protein
      C).

PMID- 6441752
TI  - VM-26 and cytarabine combination chemotherapy in refractory or relapsed adult
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6441753
TI  - Leukaemic epididymitis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

PMID- 6441754
TI  - 6-Thioguanine treatment of uncontrolled thrombocytosis in polycythemia vera and
      essential thrombocythemia.

PMID- 6441755
TI  - 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (idarubicin) in refractory or relapsed acute leukemias.

PMID- 6441756
TI  - Prediction of therapeutic response in multiple myeloma by means of bone marrow
      cytologic examination.

PMID- 6441757
TI  - Massive chemotherapy and non frozen bone marrow transplantation in very poor
      prognosis Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6441758
TI  - [Procoagulant hemoderivatives, hemophilia and immunity].

PMID- 6441759
TI  - [Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance].

PMID- 6441761
TI  - Toxicity of microbial products in cell culture.
AB  - Cytotoxicity of a mixed pyrogen preparation and its components as well as native
      and radiodetoxified lipopolysacharides (LPS) was determined with established HEp
      2 cell cultures and by measuring plating efficiency. This proved to be more
      sensitive to the damaging effect of both microbe-containing LPS (Escherichia
      coli) and purified LPS. Microorganisms without this compound (Lactobacillus
      casei, Streptococcus faecalis) seem to be more infifferent on cells, even
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a marked augmenting effect on cell plating.
      Divergence in null-toxicity between the established cultures and plating
      efficiency makes it possible to presume that the primary effect of microorganisms
      on epithelial cells is medited by LPS, and the subsequent liberation of lysosomal
      proteinases is responsible for major biological effects.

PMID- 6441760
TI  - Microbial glucosidation of 1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (purpurin).
AB  - Streptomyces aureofaciens glucosidizes 1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone
      (purpurin) added to the cultivation medium to yield the corresponding 2-beta-D
      glucoside. The identity of the glucoside was demonstrated by comparing its
      physico-chemical properties with data of an authentic sample prepared
      synthetically. A further chemical glucosidation of the acetylated 2-beta-D
      glucoside gives rise to 2-(hepta-O-acetyl-beta-gentiobiosyl)-4-(tetra-O-acetyl
      beta-D-gluc opyranosyl) purpurin. All the derivatives are immunoactive.

PMID- 6441762
TI  - Age, strain and species differences in circulating parathyroid hormone.
AB  - A new, sensitive parathyroid hormone (PTH) radioimmunoassay that appears specific
      for the intact hormone, and its validation for measuring rat PTH are described.
      The assay is based on antibody C2-7 from chicken immunized with bovine PTH; it
      has a detection limit of 6 pg of bPTH per assay tube and measures basal PTH in
      most rats; it is responsive to provoked changes in endogenous PTH concentration,
      and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation are 6.0% and 7.2%,
      respectively. Multiple dilutions of rat serum and parathyroid gland extract,
      result in competitive inhibition curves that are parallel to that of highly
      purified bPTH. Under our assay conditions the C2-7 antibody cross-reacts well
      with intact PTH but synthetic fragments of the hormone (1-34bPTH, 1-34hPTH, 28
      48hPTH, 44-68hPTH, 53-84hPTH) do not depress tracer (125l-bPTH) binding to the
      antibody. Studies designed to validate the assay gave predictable results such as
      enhanced secretion of the hormone in response to EDTA infusion, and failure to
      detect the hormone in serum following thyroparathyroidectomy. In addition, we
      made the novel observation that in F344 rats circulating immunoreactive PTH
      increases progressively with aging.

PMID- 6441763
TI  - Catecholamines and pituitary function. 2. Prolactin response to different
      dopamine doses in normal cycling women and patients with prolactin-secreting
      pituitary tumors, both before and after endogenous catecholamine synthesis
      inhibition.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of various doses of dopamine on serum PRL levels was
      assessed in both normal cycling women and patients with tumoral
      hyperprolactinemia before and after endogenous catecholamine synthesis inhibition
      by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a strong and specific tyrosine-hydroxylase inhibitor.
      Dopamine infusion induced a significant decrease in the serum PRL levels in both
      normal cycling and hyperprolactinemic subjects. The mean percent inhibition of
      baseline PRL induced by the various dopamine infusion rates (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and
      2.0 micrograms/kg/min) was similar in regularly cycling women and in patients
      with tumoral hyperprolactinemia both before and after endogenous catecholamine
      synthesis inhibition by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
      pretreatment significantly increased serum PRL concentrations in normal women and
      enhanced their responsiveness to the exogenously administered dopamine.
      Hyperprolactinemic patients, on the contrary, did not show any significant
      variation in either basal PRL release or the PRL sensitivity to dopamine infusion
      after endogenous catecholamine synthesis inhibition. These data indicate that
      reduced dopamine delivery to the adenomatous lactotroph, either due to a primary
      hypothalamic abnormality or to a deranged vascular pituitary arrangement, rather
      than a reduced PRL sensitivity to dopamine inhibition, is the main event
      accounting for PRL hypersecretion in women with PRL-secreting pituitary tumors.

PMID- 6441764
TI  - Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. IX. In vitro culture
      reduces Ia-bearing cells in rat islets.

PMID- 6441765
TI  - Lithium and lecithin treatment in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study.
AB  - Ten patients with presumed Alzheimer's disease were entered into a pilot study to
      evaluate the combined effects of lithium and lecithin on cognitive and behavioral
      parameters. The loss of patients from the study because of toxic effects of
      lithium was high (30%), and one patient was dropped because of an intervening
      illness. Of the six remaining patients who completed the study, only two showed
      behavioral improvement; none showed improvement on measures of cognitive
      functioning. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

PMID- 6441766
TI  - The management of localized, infradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: experience of
      a rare clinical presentation at St Bartholomew's Hospital.
AB  - Between 1969 and 1982, 23 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease
      (HD) confined to infradiaphragmatic sites were treated at St Bartholomew's
      Hospital. The distinguishing clinical characteristics of the patient population
      were a male: female ratio of 20:3. The mean age was 39 years, which was
      significantly older (P less than 0.05) than the mean age of patients with
      supradiaphragmatic HD (32 years) referred during the same period. Sixteen
      patients underwent formal pathological staging while one additional patient
      underwent a diagnostic laparotomy without splenectomy. The final pre-treatment
      stages were PS IA: 5; PS IIA: 11; CS IIA: 1; PS IIB: 1; CS IIB 5. Splenic
      involvement correlated closely with the number of nodal sites involved, being
      detected in 1/7 patients with one site only compared with 8/9 with more (P less
      than 0.001). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 21 (91 per cent) patients:
      12/12 following 'inverted Y' radiotherapy (RT) and 9/11 following combination
      chemotherapy. Twenty patients remain alive and 18 continue without recurrence of
      HD between 15 months and 12 years. All patients who failed to enter CR or who
      relapsed had presented with three or more sites of involvement or with
      constitutional ('B') symptoms. These results confirm the generally good prognosis
      of this uncommon presentation of HD and also suggest that prognosis is determined
      by the bulk of disease rather than its precise anatomical localization, provided
      that appropriate therapy is administered.

PMID- 6441767
TI  - [How do antibodies form? (9th Fritz Lipmann Lecture)].

PMID- 6441768
TI  - Murine V kappa 25 and V kappa 27 amino-acid sequences of C57B1/6 origin:
      monoclonal antibodies 17S29.1 and 22S25.1 specific for the group A-streptococcal
      polysaccharide.
AB  - Antibodies 17S29.1 and 22S25.1 are monoclonal, hybridoma-derived gamma 3 kappa
      murine immunoglobulins with specificity for N-acetyl-glucosamine beta 1----3
      linked to the L-rhamnose backbone structure, the immunodeterminant of the
      streptococcal Group A polysaccharide. The VL 17S29.1 amino-acid sequence is the
      third complete one reported from an antibody with this specificity, the second
      fully determined V kappa 25 structure and the first complete V kappa sequence of
      C57B1/6 origin derived from a carbohydrate-specific antibody. VL22S25.1 is a
      member of the V kappa 27 isotype of murine immunoglobulin VL regions. V kappa
      17S29.1 and the determined part of the V kappa 22S25.1 sequence are compared to
      the previously described V kappa regions of streptococcal Group A polysaccharide
      specific antibodies and to 12 selected partial and complete V kappa regions of
      antibodies with other specificities, predominantly to carbohydrate antigens. Both
      V kappa 17S29.1 and V kappa 22S25.1 increase the variability of known murine V
      kappa regions. They are the most homologous to the other V kappa regions derived
      from antibodies with streptococcal Group A polysaccharide specificity and share
      with them the amino-acid residue Arg74, so far characteristic for V kappa regions
      from antibodies with this specificity. The analysis of groups of independently
      expressed, highly homologous V kappa regions, namely V kappa 17S29.1 and V kappa
      2S1.3 as one and V kappa 7S34.1 and V kappa 22S25.1 as a second group, offers the
      possibility of estimating the minimal number of V kappa germline genes involved
      in the immune response to the structurally defined streptococcal Group A
      polysaccharide antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6441769
TI  - Murine V kappa 21A isotype sequence: monoclonal antibody 50S10.1 specific for the
      group A streptococcal polysaccharide.
AB  - Antibody 50S10.1 is a hybridoma-derived gamma 3 kappa antibody of BAB-14 mouse
      strain origin, with specificity for N-acetylglucosamine beta 1----3 linked to L
      rhamnose, the immunodeterminant of the streptococcal Group A polysaccharide. The
      VL50S10.1 amino acid sequence is the fourth complete one reported with this
      specificity and the first fully determined V kappa 21A structure. Furthermore it
      is the first V kappa 21A isotype sequence derived from an antibody with known
      antigen specificity. The V kappa region of this and the previously described
      monoclonal anti-streptococcal Group A polysaccharide antibodies 7S34.1, 2S1.3 and
      17S29.1 are compared, showing that in monoclonal antibody 50S10.1 a V kappa
      germline gene is expressed which is unrelated to those previously shown to be
      expressed in antibodies of this specificity. V kappa 50S10.1 increases the
      variability of known murine V kappa regions and confirms stretches of V kappa 21A
      sequences previously established.

PMID- 6441770
TI  - An ultracentrifuge study on the self-association of glucose dehydrogenase from
      Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - The self-association of glucose dehydrogenase (beta-D-glucose:NAD(P) 1
      oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.47) from Bacillus megaterium was studied by analytical
      ultracentrifugation. The pH and composition of the buffer used were such that,
      owing to a reversible partial dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme, enzyme
      activity was reduced. It was found that under these conditions the protein exists
      in a monomer/dimer/tetramer association equilibrium.

PMID- 6441771
TI  - A unique human B lymphocyte antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - We produced a hybridoma designated 4G7 from a mouse immunized with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia cells. The 4G7 hybridoma secretes an IgG1 antibody that is
      specific for normal and malignant B lymphocytes. Using dual color
      immunofluorescence staining, this antibody reacted with all immunoglobulin
      positive cells but no T cells in normal peripheral blood. There was no detectable
      4G7 antigen on monocytes, platelets, red cells, granulocytes, or
      phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells. When PBL were depleted of 4G7 positive
      cells and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, secreted immunoglobulin levels fell
      to less than 10% of control values on Day 5 and less than 1% of control on Day 7.
      This antibody was reactive with 155 of 176 B lineage neoplasms on which it was
      screened. Thirty-five cases of myeloid or T-lymphoid malignancy were negative.
      Our studies show that the 4G7 antigen modulates in the presence of excess
      antibody. Free 4G7 antigen was not found circulating in human serum. The cell
      surface antigen identified by 4G7 was sensitive to pronase proteolysis but
      resistant to trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion. A comparison of 4G7 with other
      known B-cell antibodies indicates that the 4G7 antigen has not been previously
      identified. This antibody is of use for the identification of normal B
      lymphocytes, the study of B-cell differentiation, and the characterization of
      lymphoid malignancies.

PMID- 6441772
TI  - Chemical modification of lysine and tryptophan residues from glutamate
      dehydrogenase using 2,4-pentanedione and 2,3-dioxo-5-indoline sulphonic acid.

PMID- 6441773
TI  - Enteral hyperalimentation in malnourished surgical patients.

PMID- 6441774
TI  - Magnitude of vitamin A deficiency in primary school children of Sirur: a
      chronically drought affected area.

PMID- 6441775
TI  - Siblings with the Austin variant of metachromatic leukodystrophy multiple
      sulfatidosis.

PMID- 6441776
TI  - [Peripheral venous parenteral feeding in abdominal surgery].
AB  - 15 patients with a healthy metabolism, who underwent surgery because of gall
      stones or duodenal ulcer disease, were submitted to complete peripheral
      parenteral nutrition for 4 days. The group received 40 ml fluid/kg body
      weight/day, 1.2 g amino acids and 2.4 g carbohydrates (Sorbitol: Xylitol =
      1:1)/kg body weight/day in a fixe combination. There were no disturbances in the
      electrolyte metabolism; the urine alpha-aminonitrogen loss was lower than 4%. The
      visceral proteins with a short half-life period (transferrin, C-3c-complement, C
      4-complement, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin) stayed within the normal
      range or increased. 3 of the 15 patients developed minor phlebothrombotic
      complications, therefore the infusion should be changed routinely to the
      contralateral arm after an infusion period of 48 hours.

PMID- 6441777
TI  - [Reflux and stool frequency in the artificial feeding of traumatized intensive
      care patients].
AB  - The effect of intragastric nutrion and its complications, especially the reflux
      pattern, were studied in 104 patients, who had to be intensively treated for more
      than 10 days. Patients suffering from polytrauma without abdominal injury (group
      I) or with abdominal injury (group III) and patients with isolated head/brain
      injury (group II) were included in this study. Parenteral nutrition was changed
      to intragastric administration as soon as possible and enteral nutrition was
      softly increased from 327 calories per day during the first week to 1800 calories
      or more in the next weeks. The general duration of feeding by nasogastric tube
      was between 16,1 and 19,8 days. The occurrence of reflux varied from 23,2% in
      patients of group II to 29,4% in patients of group I. Significant changes of
      reflux pattern were seen during the different weeks of treatment. The amount of
      reflux fluid was between 184,8 ml in group II and 355,4 ml in group III. The
      percentage of reflux fluid, if compared with the total enteral fluid
      administration revealed the maximum (16,6%) in patients of group III. Patients in
      group I had the highest frequency of defecation, the highest incidence of
      diarrhea was in all the groups really the same. Diarrhoea was seen in 6,7% of all
      patients. The underlying mechanism for these complications were discussed.

PMID- 6441778
TI  - [Parenteral feeding following heart surgery operations].
AB  - After aorto-coronary bypass operations 40 patients were treated in a prospective
      randomized study with 3 types of hypocaloric parenteral nutrition consisting of
      the same content of amino acids (75 g/day) but different amounts of
      carbohydrates: 120 g dextrose, 120 g or 200 g dextrose/fructose/xylitol (1:2:1)
      per day. 18 patients received only 75 g/day of dextrose (controls). The fluid
      volume for parenteral nutrition did not exceed 1500 ml/day. Changes in
      carbohydrate and protein metabolism were investigated. Because of restricted
      carbohydrate dosage, we needed no insulin to keep blood glucose within values of
      about 7-10 mmol/l. Postoperative serum insulin levels were significantly raised
      to 4-5 fold of preoperative values in all groups. Serum potassium concentrations
      remained normal under a supply of 80-100 mmol/day. Cumulative nitrogen balances
      were improved by about 48-58% in groups receiving parenteral nutrition despite a
      calorie/nitrogen ratio of 40:1 or 66:1 respectively. The expected beneficial
      effects on the concentrations of visceral serum proteins (transferrin,
      prealbumin, retinolbinding protein, cholinesterases) could not be found.

PMID- 6441779
TI  - [Simplified procedure for endoscopic administration of enteral feeding
      catheters].
AB  - Due to the immobilisation of patients in intensive care units or to pathologic
      alterations in the upper gastrointestinal tract caused by stenosis or
      anastomosis, the insertion of feeding tubes into the duodenum has been difficult
      in some cases. For this reason an enteral feeding tube has been developed which
      can be introduced through the biopsy channel of an endoscope so that it is
      possible to place the tube under visual control. This method has been used in
      more than 20 patients; in each case the positioning of the tube and the
      consecutive nutrition were free of complications. The required material is now
      commercially available.

PMID- 6441780
TI  - Simple method for preparation of cryoprecipitate (CP) and cryodepleted plasma
      (CDP).
AB  - Cryoprecipitates (CP) and cryodepleted plasma (CDP) were prepared from fresh
      frozen plasma (FFP). Plasma was easily and cleanly frozen at -50 degrees C using
      a methanol-bath Ultracryostat, which has been available commercially for the past
      few years. From a random sample (n = 6), factors VIII:C, IX:C, V:C, fibrinogen,
      antithrombin III and fibronectin were determined. Concerning the total contents
      and the in-vitro-recovery of factor VIII:C (x:104 IU/53.5%) and fibrinogen x:175
      mg/36.9%), the preparation method was as efficient as other equally common
      methods. Apart from the well-known applications, CP may be used for the
      substitution of fibronectin (x:46.2 mg/73.0%). The supernatant plasma of
      cryoprecipitation (CDP) can be utilized for substitution of coagulation disorders
      especially deficiencies of the prothrombincomplex and antithrombin III
      (x:IX:C:183 IU/76.2%; V:C:140.5 U/73.8%; AT III:162 U/80.2%).

PMID- 6441781
TI  - The effects of CaEDTA injection on lead, zinc, copper and ALAD in erythrocyte,
      plasma and urine in lead-exposed workers: a 24-h observation.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (CaEDTA)
      on the concentrations of lead, zinc and copper in plasma, erythrocyte and urine,
      and the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in erythrocyte, we
      administered CaEDTA in 1-h intravenous infusion to ten male gun metal founders
      with blood-lead concentration of 39 to 64 micrograms/dl (mean 49 micrograms/dl).
      We found that the plasma concentration of lead, following a rapid rise within the
      first 3 h, fell temporarily to the level significantly lower than the initial
      level 19 h after start of the infusion. The plasma concentration of zinc fell to
      the minimal level 5 h after the infusion; and the erythrocyte concentration of
      zinc and the ALAD activity concurrently rose to the maximal level 5 h after the
      infusion. By contrast, no significant alteration was observed in the
      concentrations of copper in plasma and erythrocyte. The maximal level of urinary
      metal excretion was attained during the period between 1 and 2 h after start of
      CaEDTA infusion for lead; within 2 h for zinc; and between 2 and 4 h for copper.
      The urinary metal excretion returned to the initial level 14 to 24 h after
      infusion for zinc and copper; but lead excretion was still higher than the
      initial level during this period. The difference in the kinetics of the three
      metals following CaEDTA injection is discussed in the light of these findings.

PMID- 6441782
TI  - Testicular function in potential sperm donors: normal ranges and the effects of
      smoking and varicocele.
AB  - Testicular exocrine (semen analysis) and endocrine (plasma LH, FSH, prolactin and
      testosterone) function was assessed in 119 consecutive healthy men presenting for
      screening as potential sperm donors. Since these volunteers were unbiased with
      respect to their fertility status, this sample of the general male population was
      suitable to determine normal ranges and the influence of a variety of physical
      (height, weight, standardized body weight, varicocele) and demographic (age,
      marital and fertility status, tobacco and alcohol consumption) factors on normal
      human testicular endocrine and exocrine function, without the confounding effects
      of bias in selection of subjects. The statistical distribution of all seminal
      parameters was non-gaussian, but cube-root transformation of the data normalized
      the distribution, allowing for parametric statistical analysis. The median (and
      95% confidence limits) for the various semen parameters was 73.0 (10.6-235.3)
      million sperm per ml; 189.0 (12.6-868) million sperm per ejaculate; 50.4 (5.9
      181.9) million motile sperm per ml; 133.0 (6.9-661.7) million motile sperm per
      ejaculate; 54.0 (7.0-172.9) million morphologically normal sperm per ml and 138.5
      (7.5-672) million morphologically normal sperm per ejaculate. Testicular volume
      was correlated positively with measures of physique such as standardized body
      weight (r = 0.25, P less than 0.01) and body surface area (r = 0.30, P less than
      0.002), and negatively with plasma levels of FSH (r = -0.31), P less than 0.002)
      but not LH. Sperm output was positively correlated with testicular volume (r =
      0.28, P less than 0.005) and negatively correlated with plasma FSH (r = -0.31, P
      less than 0.002) and plasma LH (r = -0.31, P less than 0.002). Smoking was
      associated with a highly significant reduction in sperm output and motility. Men
      with varicocele (25%) were significantly taller, had slightly lower haemoglobin
      levels and moderate left (but not right) testicular atrophy, but neither seminal
      nor hormonal parameters were different from men without varicocele. There was no
      difference in any markers of human testicular function between men according to
      marital or fertility status, grades of moderate alcohol consumption or the
      presence of low titres of sperm antibodies.

PMID- 6441783
TI  - Diurnal and annual variations in plasma androgen levels in the adult male
      marmoset (callithrix jacchus).
AB  - Diurnal and annual variations in plasma androgen levels were studied in adult
      male marmosets. A distinct diurnal pattern, characterized by low androgen levels
      during the lights-on period and high levels during the lights-off period was
      observed (n = 7). In contrast to this, no definite circannual pattern in androgen
      levels was observed (n = 6).

PMID- 6441785
TI  - Granulocyte transfusion therapy.
AB  - The authors summarise their experience with the new "early granulocyte
      transfusion" scheme obtained in cancer patients. The data, based on three trials,
      clearly point out )1 the importance of early granulocyte transfusion as compared
      to the traditional one; 2) the efficacy of early granulocyte transfusion in
      pediatric age and among adult patients in those with good regenerating
      hemopoietic system.

PMID- 6441784
TI  - Testicular response to human chorionic gonadotrophin in men with non-tumoural
      hyperprolactinaemia.
AB  - The change in plasma levels of testosterone and oestradiol-17-beta following a
      single intramuscular injection of 6000 IU hCG was studied in 7 men with non
      tumoural hyperprolactinaemia and who were without clinical and/or laboratory
      evidence of hypogonadotrophism. These values were compared to the response of
      normal males to hCG. Plasma samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, 24, 48, 96, 144,
      192 and 240 h after hCG injection. The early and late phases of the plasma
      testosterone to hCG in hyperprolactinaemic patients were comparable to those of
      the controls, although the maximum and relative increment was somewhat diminished
      (5.0 +/- 1.2 vs 7.2 +/- 2.1 ng/ml; P less than 0.05, and 1.8 +/- 0.2 vs 2.3 +/-
      0.5 ng/ml; P less than 0.02, respectively). The plasma oestradiol response to hCG
      was not different between the two groups, but the maximum and relative incement
      was higher in the hyperprolactinaemic patients (135.9 +/- 20.6 vs 97.1 +/- 11.9
      pg/ml; P less than 0.05, and 4.9 +/- 0.6 vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 pg/ml; P less than 0.01,
      respectively. These findings suggest that the testosterone response to exogenous
      gonadotrophin is impaired in patients with non-tumoural hyperprolactinaemia.
      Whether this impairment is related to the higher increment in plasma levels of
      oestradiol remains to be elucidated. The data presented favour the hypothesis
      that in hyperprolactinaemic men, the prolactin exerts a direct action at the
      testicular level.

PMID- 6441786
TI  - [Comparative study of the antibacterial activity of water and ether extracts of
      fosfomycin and azidocillin].

PMID- 6441787
TI  - Mannitol as an OH. scavenger in aqueous solutions and in biological systems.
AB  - By using the technique of pulse radiolysis to generate OH. radicals, we have
      determined through the competition with SCN-, I- and Fe(CN)4-(6) the rate
      constant of mannitol with OH. radical at pH = 7 to be (1.8 +/- 0.4) X 10(9)M-1 s
      1.

PMID- 6441788
TI  - Effect of lipid-coated lysine on digestion and nitrogen metabolism by wethers.
AB  - Four mature wethers (70 kg) fitted with permanent abomasal cannulas were assigned
      to a 4 X 4 Latin square design to study the effect of coating supplemental lysine
      with coconut oil on nutrient digestion, nitrogen retention and recovery of amino
      acids in the abomasum and plasma. Dietary treatments were: Control (C) = basal
      diet; Lysine (LYS) = Control + 1% supplemental lysine; Coconut oil-coated lysine
      (CN-LYS) = Control + 1% supplemental lysine coated with coconut oil; and Coconut
      oil + diet (CN-DIET) = Control + 1% supplemental lysine + an equal amount of
      coconut oil added to the entire diet. Lysine supplementation significantly
      increased total apparent dry matter, ether extract and energy digestibilities.
      Total nitrogen and protein nitrogen flows to the abomasum were decreased (p less
      than .1) in lambs consuming CN-LYS and CN-DIET compared with LYS. Urinary
      nitrogen excretion (p less than .05), ruminal ammonia nitrogen and plasma urea
      nitrogen (p less than .05) concentrations were higher for LYS, CN-LYS and CN-DIET
      compared with C and highest for CN-LYS. There were no differences in nitrogen
      retention among treatments. Recovery of lysine in the diets after coating (CN
      LYS) or lipid addition (CN-DIET) was reduced indicating degradation of
      supplemental lysine to other nitrogenous compounds during the coating process or
      storage since total dietary nitrogen content was equivalent to LYS. Flow of
      abomasal lysine (% of lysine intake) was higher (p = .15) for CN-LYS and CN-DIET
      than LYS. Flow of total essential amino acids (% of total amino acid flow) was
      greater (p less than .02) when lysine was added to diets. Essential amino with
      LYS. Plasma amino acid concentrations did not differ among treatments. Coating
      lysine with coconut oil did not protect the amino acid from ruminal degradation
      and was ineffective in improving total nitrogen status of mature wethers.

PMID- 6441789
TI  - Effect of activators and inhibitors on human blood platelets: study by freeze
      fracturing technique and electron microscopy.
AB  - Samples of normal human platelet-rich plasma were activated by ADP (0.5 microM
      and 20 microM) or by cold treatment (4 degrees C). The effects of incubation in
      EDTA, colchicine or cytochalazin B were also studied. Samples were prepared by
      the freeze-fracturing technique and examined by electron microscopy. Faces of
      fractured membranes were examined for aggregation of particles, for pore-openings
      in the membrane, and for the general morphological appearance of the membrane
      fractured faces. No aggregation of particles was found in platelet-rich plasma
      preparations treated with ADP, EDTA, colchicine or cytochalazin B, nor did the
      pore openings reveal any changes following these treatments. We conclude that
      platelet activation and an increase in microviscosity of the platelet membrane is
      not due to platelet aggregates in the membrane.

PMID- 6441790
TI  - Effect of polycations on the transforming activity of various markers of Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - Polycations interact with DNA and form DNA-polycation complexes. The soluble and
      insoluble fractions of the DNA-polycation complexes were fractionated by
      centrifugation. The effect of polycations on the transforming activity of genetic
      markers of B. subtilis (single and double) have been tested. These markers are
      tryptophan, histidine, adenine, arginine and lysine. It is found that both parts
      of DNA in the supernatant and the precipitate of DNA-polycation complexes are
      biologically active. This means that the activity of the precipitated genetic
      markers by the different polycations was reserved.

PMID- 6441791
TI  - Structures of bacillomycin D and bacillomycin L peptidolipid antibiotics from
      Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The complete structures of bacillomycin D and bacillomycin L were revised by FAB
      mass spectrometry and by Edman degradation of the derivatives resulting from the
      N-bromosuccinimide reaction. The homologous components of both series of
      antibiotics were separated by HPLC and the beta-amino acids were identified by
      capillary gas chromatography.

PMID- 6441792
TI  - Synergistic activity of astromicin and beta-lactam antibiotics against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Synergistic activity of astromicin and an antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotic
      such as piperacillin, cefsulodin or carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Synergy in vitro was observed more often
      when astromicin was combined with piperacillin or cefsulodin than when it was
      combined with carbenicillin. The combination of astromicin with piperacillin
      showed a bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a bacteriostatic
      concentration of each antibiotic alone. The synergy observed in vitro was
      reproduced against experimental mouse infections, and the astromicin-piperacillin
      or cefsulodin combination produced significantly greater protective effects than
      the single use of individual antibiotics.

PMID- 6441793
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy of a new cephamycin, MT-141, in compromised mice.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of MT-141 against Escherichia coli and Proteus
      morganii in compromised mice was investigated and compared with that of
      latamoxef, cefmetazole and cefoxitin. The bactericidal activity of MT-141 in
      short-term contact with E. coli and P. morganii was markedly enhanced when
      combined with mouse serum, and the activity of MT-141 was greater than the
      activities of the three reference drugs. The antibacterial activities of MT-141
      in the liver, spleen and kidney of neutropenic and Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice
      infected with E. coli and P. morganii were superior to the activities of the
      reference drugs. MT-141 was more potent than cefmetazole and cefoxitin, and
      similar to latamoxef in potency against systemic P. morganii infection in Sarcoma
      180 tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 6441794
TI  - Co-worker social support in a worksite smoking control program.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of adding a social support component to a worksite
      controlled smoking treatment program. Twenty-four participants were randomly
      assigned to either a controlled smoking or a controlled smoking plus partner
      support condition. Within a multiple baseline across behaviors design, smokers in
      both conditions made efforts to achieve sequential 50% reductions in: nicotine
      content of brand smoked, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and percentage of
      each cigarette smoked. Self-monitoring records, laboratory analyses of spent
      cigarette butts, and carbon monoxide determinations indicated that both
      conditions were effective in producing significant reductions in each of the
      three target behaviors and in carbon monoxide levels. All participants who quit
      smoking during the program maintained their abstinence at a 6-month follow-up,
      and those who did not quit were smoking less at follow-up than they had at
      pretest on all dependent variables. However, few differences were observed
      between controlled smoking and controlled smoking plus partner support conditions
      either during treatment or at the 6-month follow-up. Results are discussed with
      regard to previous worksite studies, future directions for research on social
      support, and variables that may have mediated treatment outcome.

PMID- 6441795
TI  - Use of inhaled calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of asthma.
AB  - The inhalation of drugs that are active in the respiratory tract offers the ideal
      route of administration, since it results in the rapid delivery of appropriate
      concentrations with a much reduced risk of systemic adverse effects: Problems
      with regard to poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (sodium
      cromoglycate) or substantial effect on liver metabolism (verapamil) can be
      avoided. Certain drugs such as antihistamines and ketotifen may be more effective
      administered by inhalation since high concentrations with reduced unwanted
      effects can be achieved on the bronchial surface where, in allergic asthma, the
      critical initial interaction between sensitized mast cells (mucosal?) and
      allergen with subsequent mediator release occurs. Indeed inhaled verapamil has
      been shown to be effective in animal models of asthma but not in man.
      Systemically administered nifedipine gives partial and variable protection
      against induced asthma in man and its efficacy (with reduced cardiovascular
      effects) may well be improved by inhalation.

PMID- 6441797
TI  - Sydenham's chorea treated with sodium valproate.

PMID- 6441796
TI  - Use of calcium channel blocking agents in the management of childhood asthma.
AB  - The function of the cells involved in the genesis of bronchial asthma is calcium
      dependent. The "Ca2+ hypothesis of asthma" suggests that calcium channel blocking
      agents may have a beneficial effect in asthma. The clinical trials with the
      available classic calcium antagonists in childhood asthma are very few and their
      clinical application remains to be determined. Sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen,
      which have been in clinical use for many years, can be considered as calcium
      channel blockers and seem to have a significant role in the prophylaxis of
      bronchial asthma.

PMID- 6441798
TI  - Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis: that genie again.

PMID- 6441799
TI  - Clinico-pathological and experimental study of epidemic dropsy.

PMID- 6441801
TI  - Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, topical isosorbide dinitrate and topical
      nitroglycerine in salvaging ischaemic myocardium.

PMID- 6441800
TI  - Phenformin and other antidiabetic drugs on blood lactic acid.

PMID- 6441802
TI  - Role of cytosolic superoxide dismutase as a stimulator in anthranilamide
      hydroxylation by a microsomal monooxygenase system in rat liver.
AB  - We have isolated a protein factor from rat liver which stimulates anthranilamide
      hydroxylation by the microsomes in the presence of NADPH and oxygen and showed
      this factor to contain Cu and Zn and to have superoxide dismutase activity
      [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 365, 148-157 (1974)]. In the present study, this protein
      factor was confirmed to be a superoxide dismutase (SOD) by comparison of the
      recovery of SOD activity with that of anthranilamide hydroxylation-stimulating
      activity at each step of its purification, by inhibition of SOD activity with
      NaCN and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and by recovery of the SOD activity of the
      protein factor after reconstitution with Cu2+ and/or Zn2+. At a given SOD
      activity level, there was no difference among the rat liver SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD from
      bovine erythrocytes, and Mn-SOD from Serratia marcescens in their ability to
      stimulate anthranilamide hydroxylation not only by rat liver microsomes, but also
      by the reconstituted cytochrome P-450-containing monooxygenase system. Rat liver
      SOD stimulated anthranilamide hydroxylation by the reconstituted system in
      proportion to its amount below a protein concentration of 1 microgram/ml. In
      anthranilamide hydroxylation by the reconstituted system without SOD, only a
      slight hydroxylase activity was found at the initial stage of the reaction and a
      marked increase in the amounts of NADPH oxidized and H2O2 formed was observed
      after a lag time. In the presence of rat liver SOD, however, the hydroxylase
      activity was markedly and continuously increased almost proportionally to
      reaction time with a concomitant decrease in the amounts of NADPH oxidized and
      H2O2 formed. In addition, a trace of 3-OH anthranilamide, one of the products,
      not only stimulated NADPH-dependent H2O2 formation in the reconstituted system,
      but also inhibited the apparent reduction of cytochrome P-450 by NADPH in the
      reconstituted system. These effects of 3-OH anthranilamide were diminished by rat
      liver SOD. When a trace of 3-OH anthranilamide were added to a system composed of
      NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase and NADPH, H2O2 formation and NADPH
      oxidation were markedly stimulated. However, on addition of 3-OH anthranilamide
      to the system containing rat liver SOD, no stimulation on either H2O2 formation
      or NADPH oxidation was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6441803
TI  - Different tissue distributions of two types of thiol proteinase inhibitors from
      rat liver and epidermis.
AB  - The concentrations of two types of endogenous inhibitors of thiol proteinases
      were determined in soluble extracts of various rat tissues by means of a
      sensitive enzyme immunoassay method, which consisted of solid-phase immobilized
      anti-rat liver inhibitor or anti-rat epidermal inhibitor and antibodies labeled
      with horseradish peroxidase. The minimum detectable amounts of inhibitors from
      liver and epidermis were 30 pg and 3 pg/assay, respectively. The tissue
      distributions of the epidermal and liver-type inhibitors were found to differ.
      The liver-type inhibitor was found to be widely distributed in various tissues at
      levels of 76-420 ng/mg protein, whereas the epidermal-type inhibitor was found at
      high levels in the skin, tongue, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and vagina, but
      at quite low levels in other tissues tested.

PMID- 6441804
TI  - Tetrahymena histone H4. Complete amino acid sequences of two variants.
AB  - The H4 histone of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis, as obtained previously
      (Nomoto, M. & Iwai, K. (1982) J. Biochem. 91, 719-723), was completely sequenced;
      the total sequence reported preliminarily (Hayashi, H., Nomoto, M., & Iwai, K.
      (1980) Proc. Jpn. Acad. 56B, 579-584) is one of the two variant sequences
      determined here. The intact H4 was directly sequenced by automated Edman
      degradation from the N-terminal through residue 92. Sequence determination was
      further performed with tryptic peptides and peptic peptides, both covering the
      whole sequences. Thus, the complete sequences of two variants were determined;
      both consist of a total of 102 amino acid residues, have identical compositions,
      have the same molecular weights of 11,228 in the unmodified form, and are
      partially acetylated at four lysine residues from the N-terminal. The sequences
      differ in two positions from each other (-Lys-Arg-/-Arg-Lys- at residues 19 and
      20, 7 : 3 mol/mol), and in 22 or 20 positions from the human spleen H4 sequence.
      The implications of these results for the structure-function relationship of this
      histone species and also for the phylogeny of protozoa are discussed.

PMID- 6441806
TI  - Isolation and characterization of trypsin inhibitors from tubers of taro,
      Colocasia antiquorum var. nymphaifolia?
AB  - Three trypsin inhibitors were isolated from tubers of taro (Colocasia antiquorum
      var. nymphaifolia?) and named taro trypsin inhibitors (TTI)-I, -II, and -III. The
      final preparations were homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The three
      inhibitors showed strong and stoichiometric inhibition against bovine trypsin and
      the inhibitor constants (Ki) were estimated to be of the order of 10(-9) to 10(
      10) M. In contrast, they had only a weak capacity to inhibit bovine alpha
      chymotrypsin and did not inhibit subtilisins (BPN' and Carlsberg), porcine
      pepsin, or papain. Each inhibitor appeared to be a protein with a molecular
      weight of 40,000 which could be dissociated into two subunits, both of which had
      a molecular weight of 20,000. The inhibitors formed complexes with trypsin at
      molar ratios of 1:2, suggesting that each subunit of these inhibitors can react
      with the enzyme in a 1:1 molar ratio. The three inhibitors had similar amino acid
      compositions and none of them contained carbohydrate or free sulfhydryl group.
      The antitryptic activity of all three inhibitors was suppressed by treatment with
      1,2-cyclohexanedione (CHD) but not with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS),
      thus demonstrating each of the inhibitors to contain an arginyl residue at the
      reactive site.

PMID- 6441805
TI  - Participation of 200K or 150K subunit of neurofilament in construction of the
      filament core with 70K subunit and promotion of tubulin polymerization by
      incorporated 200K subunit.
AB  - We have already reported that neurofilaments are capable of stimulating
      microtubule assembly and causing gelation. After separation of each of the
      triplet proteins of neurofilaments it was demonstrated that only the 200K subunit
      shows the activity to promote tubulin polymerization (Minami, Y. & Sakai, H.
      (1983) J. Biochem. 94, 2023-2033). The separation of each subunit protein led us
      to attempt the reconstitution of filaments from the 200K and 70K subunits or from
      the 150K and 70K subunits. It was found that both the 200K and 150K subunits
      independently contribute to the formation of intermediate-sized filaments,
      provided that each subunit was combined with the 70K subunit before removing urea
      by dialysis for reconstitution. On the other hand, the 200K subunit alone formed
      a very short thread-like structure after removal of urea, and the 150K subunit
      formed a filamentous structure, both incapable of being incorporated into
      filaments made of the 70K subunit alone. These observations suggest that the 200K
      and 150K subunits are not peripherally attached to a filament core made of 70K
      protein, but they take part in the formation of the core. Moreover, both proteins
      can co-polymerize with the 70K protein at a weight ratio of about 1 : 1 at least,
      which is in excess of that of the intact neurofilament. We investigated whether
      or not the 200K subunit incorporated with the 70K subunit into filaments could
      also stimulate tubulin polymerization. Low-shear viscometry measurements
      suggested that the 200K subunit retains the activity to initiate tubulin
      polymerization. This was confirmed by measuring viscosity changes with an Ostwald
      type viscometer. In contrast, filaments reconstituted from the 70K and 150K
      proteins were incapable of increasing low-shear viscosity when mixed with
      tubulin. These observations suggest that the domain of the 200K protein embedded
      in the core of intermediate-sized filament is separate from the site responsible
      for promotion of tubulin polymerization.

PMID- 6441807
TI  - Regulation of rod GTP binding protein by guanine nucleotides.
AB  - The rod GTP-binding protein in the bovine disk membrane seems to exist as
      oligomers in the dark. G alpha and G beta do not interact strongly, and G gamma
      may be required for G alpha . GDP to dimerize.

PMID- 6441808
TI  - Influence of EHDP and F on Ca and P loss from enamel during the intra-oral
      cariogenicity test.
AB  - The effect of anticalculus agent EHDP (0.05%) on caries has been studied in the
      presence and absence of 0.1% F- under the conditions Intra Oral Cariogenicity
      Test (ICT). Whereas EHDP had no influence on the change in microhardness of the
      produced by sucrose in the presence of absence of fluoride, it increased the F-
      effect inside the lesion thereby preventing the formation of minerals with a mol
      Ca/P ratio deviating from apatite. The EHDP effect was additioned to the F-
      effect demonstrating that both components act independently of one other. In this
      respect it has been suggested that 0.05% EHDP acts mainly on demineralization by
      decreasing the acid production of the micro-organisms whereas F- stimulates
      remineralization particularly by acting on the enamel surface.

PMID- 6441809
TI  - Characteristics of an extraction and purification procedure for chlorinated
      dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soil and liver.
AB  - Liver is extracted with chloroform-methanol to give essentially quantitative
      transfer of endogenous chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans
      (CDFs) into the organic phase. A new procedure involving LH-20 Sephadex is used
      to remove most of the lipids from the extract. Soil is extracted by a simple,
      rapid and economical procedure giving very high recoveries of CDDs and CDFs from
      sandy soil, various types of clay, and humus-rich loam. Subsequent cleanup on
      basic and acidic alumina complete the preparation for gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometric analysis. The use of propylene glycol as a "keeper" and of 2,3,7
      trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as a carrier minimizes losses during evaporation of
      solvents and on glass surfaces. Interactions of 2,3,7,8-CDD with organic material
      in loam slightly reduce recovery but there is no indication of high affinity
      binding sites, the losses being apparently associated with simple distribution
      coefficients. Special precautions needed to avoid losses of CDFs on alumina
      chromatography are described, and the effect of "aging" spiked soil is discussed.

PMID- 6441810
TI  - High resolution gas chromatographic analysis of cytochrome P-448 inducing
      polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in hazardous waste.

PMID- 6441811
TI  - Purification of placental alkaline phosphatase by sulphate-mediated
      chromatography on Cibacron Blue 3G-A.

PMID- 6441812
TI  - Drug-resistance encountered in the retreatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      infections.
AB  - Patients who had prior anti-tuberculosis medications for pulmonary tuberculosis
      and who return to the hospital with culture-positive tuberculosis have been
      considered to be at risk of harboring resistant bacilli (secondary resistance or
      acquired resistance). The present recommendation for therapy of these patients is
      to resume earlier anti-tuberculosis medications and to add two new agents until
      the drug susceptibilities of the bacilli are known. This study reviewed 112 cases
      of readmissions for active tuberculosis and evaluated the risk of acquired drug
      resistance in this group. Patients with 6 months or less of prior therapy rarely
      harbored resistant organisms. Patients with 6-12 months of prior therapy had an
      88% possibility of harboring resistant bacilli, but only a 30% risk of harboring
      multiple-drug resistant bacilli. Patients with 12 months or more of prior therapy
      had a 66% risk of harboring multiple-drug resistant, difficult-to-treat bacilli.
      This data would indicate that only those patients who have had prior therapy for
      7 months or more require aggressive initial readmission therapy with 4 or more
      anti-tuberculosis agents. Hopefully this finding will not only help clinicians to
      identify readmission tuberculosis patients who are at increased risk of harboring
      resistant organisms but will also help them to be more selective in prescribing
      aggressive, potentially toxic, multiple-drug regimens.

PMID- 6441813
TI  - The effects of adding interruption to differential reinforcement on targeted and
      novel self-stimulatory behaviors.
AB  - This study compared differential reinforcement of other (DRO) and incompatible
      (DRI) behaviors to these same two procedures combined with a mild interruption
      procedure on a 6-year-old developmentally disabled girl's self-stimulatory
      behaviors. The results showed that the combination was more effective for
      reducing all of the targeted behaviors. These low rates were maintained at a 4
      month follow-up. In addition, several new forms of stereotypy that appeared as
      the targeted behaviors diminished decreased rapidly when interruption was applied
      to them. Finally, independent toy play increased as a by-product of the
      treatment.

PMID- 6441814
TI  - Storage of mixtures for total parenteral nutrition III. Stability of vitamins in
      TPN mixtures.
AB  - TPN mixtures should contain all nutritional element necessary in the nutritional
      therapy--including unstable vitamins. In this study the stability of ascorbic
      acid and folic acid was investigated in a TPN mixture containing 12 vitamins by
      HPLC and microbiological assays. The degradation of both vitamins proceeded by
      first order kinetics. Half-lives for ascorbic acid were 1.1 h, 2.9 h, and 8.9 h
      when stored at 24 degrees C by daylight, 24 degrees C protected from light, and 4
      degrees C protected by light, respectively. Under similar conditions half-lives
      for folic acid were 2.7 h, 5.4 h, and 24 h. The degradation rates found make pre
      addition of these two vitamins to TPN mixtures questionable, storage for longer
      periods is inappropriate. For TPN patients receiving additional fluid
      intravenously it was found that addition of multivitamins to isotonic NaCl
      solution was advisable. For other TPN patients alternative ways of vitamin
      administration might be preferable. When testing the stability of vitamins in TPN
      mixtures it was found that the brand of multivitamin preparation used was of
      importance. It should be stressed that data on the stability of vitamins derived
      from studies on the addition of a single vitamin cannot be extrapolated to
      multivitamin preparations because of possible mutual vitamin interactions.

PMID- 6441816
TI  - [Changes in LH, FSH, PRL and estradiol after perfusion with naloxone in normal
      and amenorrheic women].
AB  - Naloxone is antagonistic to endogenous opioids. Giving it shows that these
      opioids act as controlling mechanisms in the secretion of LH and FSH by the
      hypothalamic, pituitary system and probably of Gn-RH by the hypothalamus.
      Endogenous opioids and particularly beta endorphin, which is itself under the
      control of oestradiol, play an inhibitory role on the secretion of Gn-RH and
      alter the pulsatile mode of Gn-RH secretion. We could not demonstrate PRL action
      which has been described by other authors.

PMID- 6441815
TI  - Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer--a trial comparing cimetidine with a
      prostaglandin synthetase promoter.
AB  - The effect of treatment on maintenance of remission was examined in 90 patients
      with healed duodenal ulcer shown by endoscopy. They were randomized to take
      treatment for 6 months with a prostaglandin synthetase promoter (263E) 500 mg
      three times daily or cimetidine 400 mg at night or an identical placebo. Sixty
      five patients completed the trial or had a relapse of symptoms. The percentage of
      patients who had recurrent ulcers or duodenitis alone on endoscopy was 29% on
      263E, 36% with cimetidine, and 50% on placebo. These figures did not differ
      significantly. Trials of this design are now difficult to conduct because
      patients take and H2 receptor antagonist soon after recurrence of symptoms,
      before their next clinic appointment.

PMID- 6441817
TI  - [Significance of the diamine-oxidase test in the diagnosis of spontaneous rupture
      of fetal membranes].
AB  - The authors report on their experience collected over a year of the use of the
      diamine-oxydase activity test after having collected the vaginal secretions on
      strips of Whatman paper placed in the vagina when they were trying to recognise
      premature rupture of the membranes. They studied: a control series of 90 patients
      (30 where the rupture was certain, 60 where it was definite that there was no
      rupture). They point out how reliable the method is at all stages of pregnancy
      and how simple and easy it is to carry out; a series of 89 consecutive patients
      whose clinical picture suggested premature rupture of the membranes; the
      diagnosis was shown to be wrong 48 times and confirmed 41 times (either
      immediately in 38 tests using DAO, or 48 hours after carrying out the first test
      in 3 cases). If this test is used to confirm that the membranes have really
      ruptured and to say when they have ruptured diamine-oxydase can be a very
      valuable factor when it is associated with the clinical picture and the
      ultrasound picture in leading to a rational handling of the case.

PMID- 6441818
TI  - Cardiac output and regional blood flows during hypoxaemia in unanaesthetized
      newborn lambs.
AB  - There is limited information available regarding the effects of hypoxemia on
      cardiac output and the distribution of blood flow and oxygen delivery in
      unanaesthetized newborns of any species. We measured these variables in 12
      unanaesthetized newborn lambs during a control period and during 50% and 75%
      reductions in aortic blood oxygen content which were produced by placing each
      lamb in an environment of 8-10% and 5-6% oxygen, respectively. 1-2% carbon
      dioxide was added to the gas mixture and there were no significant changes in
      aortic blood PCO2 or pH. Hypoxaemia was associated with a 15-20% increase in
      cardiac output but total somatic oxygen delivery decreased. Cerebral, myocardial,
      adrenal and diaphragmatic blood flows increased and their oxygen deliveries were
      not diminished. Oxygen deliveries to the spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract
      and carcass decreased when aortic blood oxygen content was reduced. This study
      demonstrates that the newborn lamb has a limited ability to increase its cardiac
      output during hypoaxemia, but that oxygen deliveries to the heart, brain,
      adrenals and diaphragm are maintained in association with a redistribution of
      blood flow.

PMID- 6441819
TI  - Effects of naloxone on the breathing, electrocortical, heart rate, glucose and
      cortisol responses to hypoxia in the sheep fetus.
AB  - Continuous infusions of naloxone HC1 (0.5 mg/kg or 3.8 mg/kg) or saline were
      given intravenously to fetal sheep at 119 to 137 days of gestation during a one
      hour period of air administration and a one hour period of hypoxia induced by
      having ewes breathe 9% O2, 3% CO2 and 88% N2. Fetal carotid PaO2 fell to 13.0 +/-
      0.5 mmHg during hypoxia with no change in pH. During hypoxia, plasma cortisol
      concentration increased significantly more in naloxone-infused fetuses than
      controls. Ewes, whose fetuses received naloxone, showed a significant increase in
      cortisol during hypoxia whereas no increase was observed in controls. There were
      no significant differences between saline and naloxone-infused fetuses during
      hypoxia in fetal breathing incidence, amplitude, frequency, number of deep
      inspiratory efforts per hour, heart rate, electrocortical activity or in the rise
      in plasma glucose caused by hypoxia. Results suggest that endogenous opiates may
      have a role in modulating cortisol production in the ewe and fetus during hypoxia
      but do not have a role in mediating the decrease in incidence of breathing
      activity or rise in plasma glucose. During air administration, naloxone
      significantly increased fetal breath amplitude, fetal and maternal plasma
      glucose, fetal heart rate, and the number of electrocortical changes per hour.
      This suggests endogenous opiates may have a more important role in the normoxic
      pregnant ewe and fetus.

PMID- 6441820
TI  - Changing responsiveness to growth hormone releasing factor in the perinatal
      sheep.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor 1-44-amide was
      administered (8 micrograms/kg iv bolus) to chronically catheterised fetal sheep
      between 77 and 135 days of gestation and to infant sheep. At all ages human
      pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor induced a significant growth hormone
      response. In fetuses less than 120 days the integrated growth hormone response to
      human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (n = 5) was 250 +/- (SE) 50 ng X
      hr X ml-1 compared (p less than 0.001) to -22.8 +/- 8.6 ng X hr X ml-1 in saline
      treated controls (n = 7). In fetuses older than 120 days (n = 5), the response to
      human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor was 110.8 +/- 15.6 ng X hr X ml
      1 compared to -12.0 +/- 17.6 ng X hr X ml-1 in saline treated controls (n = 4 p
      less than 0.001). In 4 infant lambs (4-12 days) the response to human pancreatic
      growth hormone releasing factor (56.5 +/- 14.5 ng X hr X ml-1) was greater than
      in 6 control injected lambs (0.95 +/- 1.5 ng X hr X ml-1). The magnitude of the
      response to growth releasing factor decreased progressively with increasing
      postconceptual age (r = -0.80, p less than 0.001). These observations demonstrate
      that the fetal somatotrope can respond to exogenous growth releasing factor from
      at least 77 days of gestation. The progressive decrease in responsiveness may
      reflect the gradual development of somatostatin mediated inhibitory control or
      altered responsiveness of the somatotrope.

PMID- 6441821
TI  - Patterns of emergency department use during the Israel doctors' strike.
AB  - We studied changes in emergency department utilization at a major Jerusalem
      regional hospital during the 4-month-long Israel doctors' strike. The number of
      ED visits was increased by 35% over control levels. There were larger increases
      in female visitors than male and larger increases in visits by children and in
      women of childbearing age. Use of laboratory tests, ECGs, and x-rays were
      increased minimally, and hospital admissions via the ED were unchanged. We
      conclude that the vast majority of excess strike-related ED visits were for
      trivial illnesses and that very large numbers of persons with medical symptoms
      elected not to seek any medical attention at all during the strike.

PMID- 6441822
TI  - [Effect of nonspecific malnutrition on spine morphology of lamina V pyramidal
      cells of the cingulate area of juvenile and adult rats].
AB  - The spine morphology of LV--pyramidal neurons in the cingulate cortex was
      analyzed, using drawings of apical side dendrites without ramifications, by light
      microscopical analysis of 5300 times magnification in GOLGI-preparations of the
      brains of 11 and 60 days old control rats as well as of experimental animals
      reared under starvation conditions from day 1 till day 60 of their postnatal
      life. The spine density and the relative frequency of three different spine types
      (thin, mushroom and stubby shaped) was estimated in control and undernourished
      animals. Undernutrition resulted in a considerable deficit in the spine number of
      25% in 11 days old animals, respectively, of 41% in 60 days old animals.
      Additionally, in 60 days old undernourished rats changes in the relative
      frequency of the three spine types was found. To the thin type belonged 46% (68%
      in controls) to the mushroom shaped form 37% (19% in controls) and to the stubby
      type 16% (13% in controls) of all visible spines. This pattern in 60 days old
      undernourished rats was very similar to the pattern of 11 days old control
      animals (thin 43%, mushroom 36%, stubby 22%). The evaluate the differentiation of
      the dendritic spines during ontogenesis as well as the disturbing influence of
      undernutrition on these processes, additional data of the spine morphology (neck
      length and head area) were collected. The spines of the 11 days old animals
      showed a larger head area (undernourished and controls) than the young adult
      ones. However, the thin spine type present in 60 days old undernourished rats
      exhibits morphological features (extremely long necks of about 2,5 micron in
      comparison to 1,6 micron in controls as well as very large heads) which appeared
      to be quite similar to the thin and long spine type observed by PURPURA (1975) in
      human fetal cortex and in cortex of patients with mental retardation. This super
      long thin spine type is considered to be a less ripe stage of the spine
      development. The relative high portion of mushroom and stubby shaped spines in
      undernourished and young animals points to the same assumption or to degenerative
      changes in the experimental animals.

PMID- 6441823
TI  - Dissociative effects of a novel immunomodulating agent (CP-20, 961) on host
      defenses of mice.
AB  - The antimicrobial and antitumor effects of CP-20,961, a synthetic lipoid amine
      with immunomodulating properties, were investigated. Mice given CP-20,961 ip
      seven or three days before challenge with ip Listeria monocytogenes had a lower
      mortality than control mice. By contrast, CP-20,961 did not protect against
      lethal challenges of either Salmonella typhimurium or Toxoplasma gondii. In
      parallel with the in vivo studies, peritoneal macrophages from CP-20,961-injected
      mice inhibited multiplication of L. monocytogenes but not T. gondii. Further
      studies demonstrated that CP-20,961 protected mice against an ip challenge of
      P815 tumor cells as measured by survival time. This correlated with the ability
      of stimulated peritoneal macrophages to inhibit (3H-TdR uptake inhibition) and
      kill (Cr51 release) P815 cells in vitro. These data indicate that CP-20,961
      affords protection against an ascitic mastocytoma tumor line and at least one,
      but not all, intracellular pathogens. The dissociation of the immunomodulating
      effect, which was reflected in peritoneal macrophage function, may be
      characteristic of this new class of immunomodulators.

PMID- 6441824
TI  - Sacculation of pregnant uterus.

PMID- 6441825
TI  - Juvenile xanthogranuloma.

PMID- 6441826
TI  - Failure of cephalosporins to cure experimental listeriosis.
AB  - In vitro, 15 strains of various serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes were found to
      be susceptible to cefazedone and cephalotin. Other cephalosporins, such as
      cefotaxime, were much less active. In spite of their relatively good in vitro
      activities, however, neither cefazedone nor cephalotin reduced the bacterial
      counts in mice infected with a virulent strain of L. monocytogenes. In contrast,
      ampicillin was active both in vitro and in vivo. Cephalosporins should not be
      used clinically for treating listeriosis.

PMID- 6441827
TI  - [A case report of aortic valve replacement of 69-year-old female with cardiac
      cachexia].

PMID- 6441828
TI  - [Resorption of the alveolar bone: its process and management].

PMID- 6441829
TI  - Anesthetic effect on respiratory functions.

PMID- 6441830
TI  - Isolation of a beta-galactosidase from chicken liver.
AB  - In search of a beta-galactosidase which specifically hydrolyses beta 1----3 bound
      galactose residues in galacto-glycoconjugates, an acid beta-galactosidase from
      chicken liver was investigated. The isolation procedure involved ammonium
      sulphate precipitation followed by lectin chromatography on Con A-Sepharose 4B,
      ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and
      affinity chromatography on p-aminophenyl-thio-beta-D-galactoside-agarose. The
      beta-galactosidase was purified 3000-fold with 11% recovery of enzyme activity.
      The purified protein showed an apparent molecular mass of above 200000 in SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A few minor bands were also present. The
      reduced and denatured beta-galactosidase migrated as a single major band with an
      apparent molecular mass of 67000. The enzyme released galactose from lactose and
      from the synthetic substrates Gal beta 1----3Gal, Gal beta 1----6Gal and Gal beta
      1----3Ara. However, the enzyme did not release galactose from the snail gland
      galactans and the high molecular weight galacto-glycoconjugates and it did not
      hydrolyse the peanut agglutinin receptor of the red blood cell membrane.

PMID- 6441831
TI  - Marker-free immunological analytical methods.
AB  - The antigen-antibody reaction itself acts as the "marker system" in the marker
      free immunological methods. This group of analytical techniques includes radial
      immunodiffusion, nephelometry, turbidimetry and nephelometric inhibition. The
      Particle Counting-Immunoassay (PACIA) technique also belongs to this group,
      although it employs latex particles as markers for the intensification of the
      indicator reaction. The principles of the above methods are described, and their
      applications in diagnosis, their detection limits and important interfering
      factors are discussed. For all methods, the precision in series and from day to
      day is in the range of 5-10%. The detection limits are 1 ng/l for the PACIA
      technique, 10 micrograms/l for nephelometric inhibition, 1 mg/l for nephelometry
      as an end point technique, and 10 mg/l for for nephelometry as a kinetic
      technique. Commercial sources of reagents and apparatus are given in an appendix.

PMID- 6441832
TI  - [Psoriasis as side effect of lithium carbonate treatment--a case report].

PMID- 6441833
TI  - Fractionation of guinea pig serum for an inducer of gonococcal resistance to
      killing by human serum: active fractions containing glucopeptides similar to
      those from human red blood cells.
AB  - The resistance of gonococci to complement-mediated killing by serum is important
      in the pathogenesis of gonorrhoea. Most urethal strains lose this resistance on
      subculture. The host product(s) which induces the resistance in vivo is therefore
      fundamental to pathogenesis. Human genital secretions and some sera induced
      gonococci to serum resistance in vitro. Guinea pig serum was more active than
      human serum and low molecular weight fractions from it conferred resistance to
      gonococci in 3 h at 37 degrees C. Similar active fractions were obtained from
      human sera. Now guinea pig serum has been further fractionated for the low
      molecular weight inducer by membrane filtration, gel filtration on Sephadex G25,
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a Spherisorb ODS reverse phase
      column, chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and HPLC with a Partisil SCX cation
      exchange column. The small yield (less than 1 mg from 400 ml serum) of highly
      active material was contaminated with breakdown products from the Partisil SCX
      column and a mixture of compounds. However, analysis indicated the presence of
      one or more small glucopeptides containing cysteine, glutamic acid, aspartic
      acid, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, valine and lysine. Similar
      glucopeptides are liberated from fresh human red blood cells in slightly
      hypertonic saline and samples of them induced gonococci to serum resistance.

PMID- 6441834
TI  - Red blood cells, a source of factors which induce Neisseria gonorrhoeae to
      resistance to complement-mediated killing by human serum.
AB  - Lysates of guinea pig or human red blood cells (RBC) contain far more of the
      factors that induce resistance in gonococci to complement-mediated killing by
      fresh human serum that do plasma or serum. As was previously found with serum,
      most of the resistance-inducing activity of guinea pig RBC lysates was found in
      ultrafiltrates with molecular weights of less than 5000. In contrast, and as with
      human serum, most of the resistance-inducing activity of human RBC lysates did
      not pass ultrafilters which removed molecules of less than 5000 daltons, although
      some active material of low molecular weight was present.

PMID- 6441835
TI  - Postsynaptic dopamine agonistic effects of 3-PPP enantiomers revealed by
      bilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesions and by chronic reserpine treatment in rats.
AB  - The motor effects of some DA autoreceptor agonists and apomorphine in rats with
      bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the median forebrain bundle were studied.
      Whereas (-)-3-PPP, (+)-3-phenethyl-PP and EMD 23448 decreased motility in sham
      operated controls, a pronounced hypermotility was induced in 6-OHDA-lesioned
      rats. 3-PPP enantiomers and apomorphine had similar potency as that found in test
      models for DA autoreceptor activity in normal rats, e.g. motility inhibition. The
      DA receptor involvement in the effect of (-)-3-PPP was confirmed by neuroleptic
      antagonism. (-)-3-PPP and EMD 23448 had similar intrinsic activity as
      apomorphine, whereas (+)-3-phenethyl-PP and (+)-3-PPP had lower maximal effect.
      However, the DA autoreceptor agonists differed from apomorphine: The development
      of postsynaptic supersensitivity to these drugs appeared 4-7 days after the
      lesion compared to 1-2 days for apomorphine and (+)-3-PPP. Furthermore, no active
      oral stereotypy was induced by the autoreceptor selective compounds in contrast
      to the effect observed after apomorphine and (+)-3-PPP. In a separate experiment
      using circling behaviour in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats the different time
      course of appearance of supersensitivity to (-)-3-PPP, (+)-3-PPP and apomorphine
      was confirmed. After chronic reserpine treatment a similar postsynaptic
      supersensitivity to (-)-3-PPP was observed with a development time between 4 and
      7 days and with a similar intensity as that observed in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In
      contrast, after chronic neuroleptic treatment for 12 days, (-)-3-PPP was unable
      to induce hyperactivity 3-7 days after withdrawal. The results indicate that DA
      autoreceptor agonists are able to stimulate postsynaptic DA receptors in
      conditions without endogenous transmitter supply for at least 4-7 days, but not
      after chronic receptor blockade in a similar period. This should lead to
      consideration of DA autoreceptor agonists as potential antiparkinsonian drugs
      without stimulant effects on normosensitive postsynaptic DA receptors.

PMID- 6441836
TI  - Assay, purification and characterization of cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase of
      Protaminobacter ruber.
AB  - A simple spectrophotometric method for assay of ATP: cob(I)alamin Co-beta
      adenosyltransferase was established. By using this method, specific activity of
      the enzyme in Protaminobacter ruber was found to be the highest in the
      logarithmic growth phase. The enzyme was highly purified from the cells in that
      phase and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as
      44,000 by gel filtration. The optimal pH and temperature were about 8.0 and 50
      degrees C, respectively. Among divalent metal ions tested, only Mg2+ was
      effective for the enzyme activity. Km values for ATP and hydroxocobalamin were
      250 microM and 26.3 microM, respectively. Substrate analogs such as GTP and CTP
      had only small activity in the enzymatic reaction.

PMID- 6441837
TI  - Hormonal and pharmacologic agents affecting choline uptake and incorporation in
      Schistosoma mansoni adults.
AB  - Initial uptake of choline by Schistosoma mansoni (2-min uptake) revealed no
      differences between male, female or paired worms for any of the control or
      experimental groups. After a 30-min uptake period, however, males showed
      significantly higher uptake of choline in the presence of mitomycin C,
      cytochalasin B and calcium ionophore A23187, while paired worms showed
      significantly reduced uptake in the presence of actinomycin D, puromycin,
      mitomycin C, cytochalasin B, colchicine, insulin, thyroxine and lysine. Choline
      uptake by females was elevated, in the presence of cytochalasin B at 30 min,
      although not significantly. Significantly increased incorporation of choline into
      phosphatidylcholine was observed following a 30-min incubation with 5
      hydroxytryptamine (males), puromycin and thyroxine (females) and calcium
      ionophore A23187 (males, females and pairs). These effects on phosphatidylcholine
      synthesis are discussed in relation to the uptake data and to previous work
      concerning the outer membrane complex of the parasite as an important facet of
      parasite resistance to the host immune response.

PMID- 6441838
TI  - Comparison of the levels of autofluorescence caused by fixatives in fluorescence
      assay on trypanosomes.

PMID- 6441839
TI  - Evaluation of PSK, an antitumor protein-bound polysaccharides, by thymocyte
      electrophoresis.
AB  - It was clear that the proportion of high mobility cells in thymus tended to
      increase during tumor development by cell electrophoresis. Although the antitumor
      activity of PSK, protein-bound polysaccharide or mitomycin-C was similarly
      effective in sarcoma-180-bearing mice, the histogram pattern of thymocyte
      electrophoresis differed markedly from each other. Normally, the proportion of
      high mobility cells of thymocyte increased more with the administration of
      mitomycin-C than that of the untreated tumor-bearers, while PSK kept the thymic
      cell mobility histogram normal. Changes of thymocyte electrophoresis caused by
      the drugs also correlated with the depression of their antiinfectious activity.
      Using the fully automated cell electrophoretic instrument, the drug can be
      evaluated simply from the viewpoint of antiinfectious efficacy.

PMID- 6441841
TI  - Autoxidation and hydrolysis kinetics of the sodium salt of phenylbutazone in
      aqueous solution.
AB  - The present investigation offers experimental results concerning the degradation
      kinetics of the sodium salt of phenylbutazone based on a reliable HPLC procedure.
      The method allows the simultaneous determination of the parent compound and its
      main decomposition products. The degradation kinetics at 37 degrees C were
      compared at pH 7.9 and 10.0 and under oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. Parallel
      tests were carried out in the dark and under photolytic conditions for the
      aforementioned conditions. The influence of traces of iron and a chelating agent
      of iron on the degradation was studied. At pH 7.9 and pH 10.0 the main
      degradation products are 3-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid 1,2-diphenylhydrazide and 3
      carboxy-2-oxohexanoic acid 1,2-diphenylhydrazide. Azobenzene is formed only at pH
      10.0. At pH 7.9, in the dark, the degradation proceeds with a lag phase. In
      contrast, no lag phase is observed under photolytic conditions. The process of
      autoxidation and hydrolysis is catalyzed by traces of iron both in the dark and
      under irradiation conditions. An unexpected increase in the degradation is
      observed in the presence of iron(III) and EDTA in aerobic conditions and under
      irradiation.

PMID- 6441842
TI  - Determination of nitroglycerin and its dinitrate metabolites in human plasma by
      high-performance liquid chromatography with thermal energy analyzer detection.
AB  - A highly selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay
      employing a thermal energy analyzer as the detector for nitroglycerin and its
      dinitrate metabolites in human plasma has been developed. Prior to chromatography
      the method employs a simple one-stage extraction step. Nitroglycerin and its
      dinitrate metabolites are then chromatographed on a 10-micron nitrile bonded
      phase column using an internal-external standard method. The nitroglycerin and
      its 1,2,3-propanetriol-1,3- and -1,2-dinitrate metabolites (glyceryl-1,3- and 
      1,2-dinitrate) have a retention time of 8.5, 10.5, and 11.5 min, respectively at
      a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min for a mobile phase of 5% v/v acetone in n-hexane. The
      limits of sensitivity were 0.05 ng/mL for nitroglycerin and 0.25 ng/mL for the
      dinitrate metabolites. Linearity of response was observed over the 0.1-2.0-ng/mL
      range for nitroglycerin and 0.5-10.0-ng/mL range for the dinitrate metabolites.
      Blood level data from a pilot study with human volunteers in receipt of an oral
      form of nitroglycerin is presented.

PMID- 6441840
TI  - A physiological model for the pharmacokinetics of methylene chloride in B6C3F1
      mice following i.v. administrations.
AB  - A physiologic mathematical model was developed to describe the time course of 14C
      methylene chloride (14CH2Cl2) distribution and elimination in mice following
      single i.v. administrations of 10 and 50 mg/kg. A whole-body model was used to
      simulate 14CH2Cl2 concentrations in blood and tissues, pulmonary clearance of
      unchanged 14CH2Cl2, and metabolic conversion to 14CO2 and 14CO as monitored by
      the appearances of these metabolites in expired breath. This diffusion-limited
      model was identified via a sequential optimization scheme using hybrid models for
      each compartment. Pulmonary elimination of unchanged 14CH2Cl2 was modeled as a
      linear process while hepatic metabolism of 14CH2Cl2 to the compounds 14CO2 and
      14CO was described by a saturable metabolic rate term. The model adequately
      described the dose dependence in methylene chloride distribution and metabolism
      when simulations were compared to experimental data.

PMID- 6441843
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of novel N-substituted N'-(3-hydroxy-17-oxoestra
      1,3,5(10)-trien-2- and -4-yl)thiourea derivatives for binding to the estrogen
      receptor and cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells.
AB  - A novel series of estrone derivatives having a free 3-phenolic group with the 2-
      or 4-position substituted with a thiourea function was synthesized. None of the
      products showed significant binding to the estrogen receptor, and the cytotoxic
      activity on MCF-7 cells for VII and X was weak.

PMID- 6441844
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition in Sheffield 1978-1983.

PMID- 6441845
TI  - Changes in liver function tests associated with parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6441846
TI  - Bacteriophage SPO1 genes 33 and 34. Location and primary structure of genes
      encoding regulatory subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase.
AB  - Bacteriophage SPO1 gene 33 and 34 products are required for SPO1 late gene
      transcription. Both proteins bind to the core RNA polymerase of the Bacillus
      subtilis host to direct the recognition of SPO1 late gene promoters, whose
      sequences differ from those of SPO1 early and middle gene promoters. We have
      located and cloned the genes for these two regulatory proteins, and have
      engineered their expression in Escherichia coli by placing them under the control
      of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated
      that genes 33 and 34 overlap by 4 base-pairs and encode highly charged, slightly
      basic proteins of molecular weight 11,902 and 23,677, respectively.

PMID- 6441847
TI  - Periodontal abscess/osteomyelitis: a case report.

PMID- 6441848
TI  - Elimination kinetics and symptomatology of diazepam withdrawal in abusers.
AB  - This study was performed in order to correlate changes in blood levels of
      diazepam and desmethyldiazepam with the symptomatology of withdrawal and to
      examine their elimination kinetics in abusers. The determined half-life of
      desmethyldiazepam in five diazepam abusers had a wide range of 46.2 to 94.5
      hours. Two episodic very high dose abusers exhibited shorter desmethyldiazepam
      half-lives than was considered normal, possibly due to auto-induction. The half
      life of diazepam in a documented very high dose user exceeded that reported in
      the literature, probably due to accumulation. Withdrawal symptoms reported by the
      subjects were moderate and included some mental confusion. The most distressing
      symptom reported was dramatic mood swings which occurred over a matter of
      minutes. The disappearance of diazepam from blood appears to be the initial cause
      of withdrawal. Desmethyldiazepam may moderate the severity of the abstinence
      syndrome but probably lengthens the withdrawal process.

PMID- 6441849
TI  - Nutritional risk factors in a well baby clinic.

PMID- 6441850
TI  - Haemoglobin A2 levels--reference values in healthy Pakistani adults.

PMID- 6441851
TI  - Myasthenia gravis and pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 6441852
TI  - [Studies on pseudomonal and staphylococcal leukocidins].

PMID- 6441854
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma].

PMID- 6441853
TI  - [Usefulness of a radiolucent spacer in radiation therapy for cancer of the
      tongue].
AB  - A radiolucent silicone spacer was developed for use in interstitial irradiation
      for cancer of the tongue. It keeps about eight millimeters of distance between
      the lower gingiva and the lesion of the tongue, and the average radiation dose
      (TDF) to the lower gingiva was 45% of the minimal tumor dose in the lingular
      lesion. The total TDF value of the lower gingiva by both external and
      interstitial irradiation was between 66 and 114, which is not considered to be
      responsible for the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible.

PMID- 6441855
TI  - [Surgical repair of vascular ring (Edwards IIIB type) with aortic diverticulum in
      2 adults].

PMID- 6441856
TI  - [15 years of Rh-immunization prevention program].

PMID- 6441857
TI  - The influence of HLA-linked genes on the severity of anti-GBM antibody-mediated
      nephritis.
AB  - Thirty-nine Caucasian patients with glomerulonephritis caused by autoantibodies
      to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were studied. They were segregated into
      three groups depending on presentation: Group 1 (19 patients) were anuric or
      oliguric, group 2 (13 patients) had rapidly deteriorating renal function but were
      not oliguric, and group 3 (seven patients) had stable renal function. The
      incidence of HLA-DR2 was greatly increased; it was present in 34 of 38 patients
      in whom DR antigens were identified compared to 43 of 154 controls (Pc = 0.63 X
      10(-8), relative risk 36, etiological fraction 0.86). The incidence of HLA-B7 was
      also increased; present in 23 of 39 patients and 43 of 193 controls (Pc = 0.26 X
      10(-4), relative risk 5.0, etiological fraction 0.43). These data were analyzed
      for a third order association between HLA-DR2, HLA-B7, and anti-GBM disease. Such
      an association was probable for patients in group 1 (P = 0.27 X 10(-6), likely
      for those in group 2 (P = 0.024) but unlikely for patients in group 3 (P = 0.62)
      suggesting HLA-B7-associated genes influence severity. Clinical results from a
      subset of the patients referred directly on presentation showed that patients who
      inherited HLA-B7 together with DR2 had significantly higher plasma creatinines, a
      greater proportion of glomeruli surrounded by crescents and a worse prognosis.
      Despite this there was little difference in severity of their lung disease.

PMID- 6441858
TI  - [Laser radiation--an effective method of treatment in surgery].

PMID- 6441859
TI  - [Significance of early ophthalmologic detection of Fabry disease].
AB  - A case of cornea verticillata discovered by chance is reported; as a result of
      this finding, a mother and daughter were found to be heterozygous carriers of
      Fabry's disease. The ocular and internal symptoms as well as the biochemical
      analysis are discussed. Early ophthalmologic diagnosis is essential. The patient
      should be informed of the genetic risk.

PMID- 6441860
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in fibroblast mitochondria of a patient with HHH
      syndrome.
AB  - Electron micrographs of fibroblasts of an HHH-syndrome patient showed abnormal
      structures, similar, but not identical, to those observed in the liver of such
      patients. It is suggested that incorporation of a mutated protein into the inner
      mitochondrial membrane gives rise to a rearrangement of that membrane, resulting
      in unusual structures.

PMID- 6441861
TI  - beta-Mannosidase in human leukocytes and fibroblasts.
AB  - In human leukocytes and fibroblasts beta-mannosidase activity has a unimodal pH
      optimum (4.0-4.5). Markedly reduced activity is found in I-cell disease. Normal
      activities in human fibroblasts are ten times higher than in the goat, in which
      species a deficiency disease has been described.

PMID- 6441862
TI  - Failure of protein loading tests to identify heterozygosity for ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase deficiency.
AB  - Protein loading tests for the diagnosis of heterozygous ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase deficiency were performed on two occasions on an
      asymptomatic woman whose daughter and two infant sons died of the disease.
      Neither loading test produced the expected increases in urinary orotic acid
      excretion and studies of other pyrimidine and purine metabolites in urine and
      plasma did not suggest that these would provide better discrimination from non
      carriers. The results probably reflect an extensive inactivation of the mutant X
      chromosome in liver cells and reinforce the need for caution in interpreting
      negative test results.

PMID- 6441863
TI  - The effect of treatment on zinc, copper and calcium status in children with
      phenylketonuria.
AB  - The trace element status of 25 children receiving a low phenylalanine diet for a
      treatment of phenylketonuria was studied using hair and serum samples. Hair trace
      element and calcium concentrations were assayed using X-ray microanalysis and
      compared with samples from sibling controls. Plasma, zinc and copper levels were
      compared with unselected hospital attenders. PKU patients were found to have
      significantly lower hair zinc (P less than 0.001) and calcium (P less than 0.01)
      concentrations and significantly hair copper (P less than 0.001) concentrations
      compared with controls. Plasma zinc levels were below the lower limit of normal
      (9.6 mumol l-1) in 8 of 19 patients (42%) in whom it was measured. The relative
      zinc deficiency in PKU patients may result from a competitive inhibition of
      absorption by copper or other metals supplemented in the diet.

PMID- 6441864
TI  - A treatment of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.
AB  - The treatment comprising a special diet (without glycine, serine, and with a
      reduced amount of threonine), strychnine nitrate and ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA)
      led to normoglycinaemia in this form of severe non-ketotic glycine
      encephalopathy. Diet and treatment were well tolerated but without significant
      effect upon psychomotor development. This treatment should be more effective if
      administered before irreversible brain damage occurs, particularly in moderate
      and chronic forms of NKH.

PMID- 6441865
TI  - Copper utilization in cultured skin fibroblasts of the mottled mouse, an animal
      model for Menkes' kinky hair syndrome.
AB  - An animal model for Menkes' kinky hair syndrome is provided by mice mutant at the
      X-linked mottled locus. Two mechanisms have been invoked to explain disease
      manifestations in mottled and in kinky hair syndrome: relative tissue copper
      deficiencies and corresponding reductions in cuproenzyme activities; or defective
      intracellular copper utilization, with impaired intracellular translocation to
      cuproenzymes or to copper-dependent processes. We addressed the second
      possibility through measurements of soluble superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) in
      cytosol extracts of confluent mottled (blotchy) cultured skin fibroblasts. At
      comparable intracellular copper concentrations over a broad range, SOD-1 specific
      activities in the mutant cells were not distinguishable from those in controls,
      or, in some instances, were actually higher. These data suggest that the excess
      copper anomalously sequestered in a cell expressing the mutation remains
      available for binding to a cytosolic cuproenzyme. When taken together with data
      in other systems, the results are consistent with the thesis that the basic
      lesion in blotchy may primarily affect copper transport or delivery to specific
      copper transport systems.

PMID- 6441866
TI  - Fetoplacental physiology in relation to metabolic diseases.

PMID- 6441867
TI  - Human placenta: a convenient source of homologous material, for diagnosis and
      therapy of inborn errors of metabolism.

PMID- 6441868
TI  - Isolated biotin-resistant 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency presenting
      with life-threatening hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 6441869
TI  - Comparison of serum apoproteins between physically active and inactive groups.

PMID- 6441871
TI  - Diagnosis related groups: evading social responsibility?

PMID- 6441870
TI  - Asymptotic forms of tracer clearance curves: theory and applications of improved
      extrapolations.
AB  - Tracer clearance curves are conventionally extrapolated beyond times of
      observation by using monoexponential asymptotic forms. The inadequacy of the
      resulting predictions, especially as to the mean transit time and quantities
      derived from it, has been previously demonstrated experimentally. Here
      improvements in extrapolations and in the resulting predictions are derived
      theoretically and tested on previously published data, venous as well as
      externally recorded. First, secure lower bounds on the mean transit times are
      constructed, and shown to be much higher than conventional outright estimates for
      venous data (twice as high in some cases). Next, new asymptotic forms of tracer
      clearance curves from kinetically heterogeneous systems are derived; they are not
      monoexponential, but they are as robust, contain as few parameters and are as
      easily connected to data. It is shown theorectically that for real organs these
      new asymptotic forms should extrapolate and predict better than monoexponentials,
      and this is demonstrated on previously published venous data from perfused
      muscle. In particular, the resulting outright predictions of mean transit times
      are substantially better than the best lower bounds. Furthermore, a correction is
      derived to the standard estimate of the rate of regional cerebral blood flow. In
      an application to previously published data recorded externally, that correction
      reduces the estimated flow rate by 4%.

PMID- 6441872
TI  - Legal and ethical implications of health care reimbursement by diagnosis related
      groups.

PMID- 6441873
TI  - A clinical evaluation of the gas transfer characteristics and gaseous microemboli
      production of two bubble oxygenators.
AB  - The gaseous microemboli (GME) production and gas transfer characteristics of two
      series of bubble oxygenators (Harvey H-1500 and Bentley BOS-10) were evaluated
      during clinical perfusion in 33 adult patients during open heart surgery for
      acquired valvular and ischaemic heart disease. For each oxygenator series,
      patients were divided into two groups, depending upon the method of measurement
      (intermittent or continuous) of the arterial PO2(PaO2). Using the data available,
      the perfusionist altered the gas:blood flow ratio in an attempt to maintain the
      PaO2 within the normal range. In the first group (I = intermittent), where PaO2
      data were available only intermittently, the PaO2 values were well above normal,
      and large numbers of GME were detected in the arterial blood. In the second group
      (C = continuous), where the PaO2 data were available continuously, there was
      significantly better control of the PaO2 (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01
      for the H-1500 and BOS-10, respectively) and significantly fewer GME (P less than
      0.01 and P less than 0.05 for the H-1500 and BOS-10, respectively). The Bentley
      BOS-10 oxygenator used a lower gas:blood flow ratio to achieve physiological
      levels (range 9 to 13 kPa at 37 degrees C) of PaO2 than did the Harvey H-1500
      oxygenator, but there was no difference in the number of GME detected. The lower
      gas:blood flow ratios for the BOS-10 oxygenators in group C resulted in
      significantly higher PaCO2 values well outside the physiological range (4 to 6
      kPa at 37 degrees C) during the rewarming phase (mean PaCO2 = 7.6 +/- 0.8 kPa) of
      cardiopulmonary bypass than did the H-1500 oxygenator (mean PaCO2 = 6.3 +/- 0.7
      kPa). Mean values for the PaCO2 for both oxygenators during other phases of
      bypass (cooling and hypothermia) were within the physiological range. If the CO2
      retention was corrected by increasing the gas:blood flow ratio the PaO2 values
      and GME counts became elevated.

PMID- 6441874
TI  - From pulsating to tubular flow membrane-oxygenator.
AB  - The Capiox 54, Interpulse and TMO oxygenators were compared under clinical
      conditions. None of the devices is ideal, however all are reliable in regard to
      gas exchange and laboratory data. Evacuation of air (CO2) seems a problem in
      Capiox, high pressure amplitudes are suspicious for creation of extreme shearing
      in Interpulse and TMO may reveal low (dead) flow areas within the blood path's.

PMID- 6441875
TI  - Silicone oil as oxygen carrier in dialyzate during hemodialysis and
      extracorporeal oxygenation of rabbits.

PMID- 6441876
TI  - [Etiopathogenic factors possibly implicated in hepatic dysfunction associated
      with parenteral nutrition: prospective study of 104 adult patients].

PMID- 6441877
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic study of hepatic dysfunction associated with parenteral
      nutrition in adults: apropos of 15 cases].

PMID- 6441878
TI  - [Dangers of parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6441879
TI  - [Multiple neurofibromas with zoniform distribution].
AB  - A patient with a zoniform neurofibromas of the left arm and forearm is studied.
      The disease is associated to an epithelial pathology of trichylemi cysts of the
      scalp. The differential diagnosis can be that of Von Recklinhausen's disease. By
      the lack of positive elements for these disease, the authors consider it is a
      nevi malformation with nervous cells, that it presents clinically by multiples
      neurofibromas with a characteristic distribution.

PMID- 6441880
TI  - Use of protein A in the detection and quantitation of immunoglobulin G on the
      surface of lymphocytes.

PMID- 6441881
TI  - Position effect variegation of an acid phosphatase gene in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - X-ray mutagenesis has produced a series of deficiencies in a duplication of part
      of the third chromosome containing the acid phosphatase gene (Acph-1) in
      Drosophila melanogaster. In one of these deficiencies, Acph-1 is shown to be
      undergoing position effect variegation. Naturally occurring electrophoretic
      variants of the enzyme were used to visualize and determine quantitatively the
      extent of variegation of the allele which is cis to the heterochromatic
      breakpoint. Alteration of genotypic background and temperature provided further
      evidence for position effect. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to correlate
      the levels of acid phosphatase activity and protein in flies containing the
      deficiency. A novel result indicates that the variegation is not the consequence
      of an averaging of active and inactive cells, but rather due to a quantitative
      alteration of gene activity within at least some individual cells.

PMID- 6441882
TI  - Heterospecific transformation in Bacillus subtilis: protein composition of a
      membrane-DNA complex containing unstable heterologous donor-recipient complex.
AB  - Previously it was demonstrated that, in contrast to the homologous donor
      recipient complex, the unstable heterologous donor-recipient complex remains
      bound to the cellular membrane. To examine whether proteins known to be involved
      in the processing of transforming DNA in Bacillus subtilis are associated with
      membrane fragments which carry chromosomal DNA, a crude membrane-DNA complex was
      subjected to electrophoresis through a sucrose gradient. This resulted in the
      separation of membrane fragments associated with DNA and free membrane fragments.
      By means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis several proteins, either uniquely
      present or considerably enriched in the purified membrane-DNA complex, were
      detected. Among these proteins we identified the 45 kD recE gene product,
      required for recombination, the 18 kD binding protein involved in the binding of
      transforming DNA and a 17 kD nuclease involved in the entry of transforming DNA.
      These results suggest that the membrane sites at which donor DNA integrates into
      the recipient chromosome are in the vicinity of the sites of entry of donor DNA
      through the membrane.

PMID- 6441883
TI  - Mutagenesis in yeast-misreplication or misrepair?
AB  - Evidence from the phenotype of mutants which partially block mutagenesis and from
      experiments made to time induced mutagenesis relative to cell division in yeast
      is used to question whether mutagenesis in yeast should be regarded as an error
      prone repair phenomenon.

PMID- 6441884
TI  - Plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis: factors affecting the synapsis of
      donor and recipient DNA.
AB  - Hybrid plasmids were constructed in which the transcription of regions of
      inserted DNA was defined. Cells containing these plasmids were transformed with
      monomeric forms of a different hybrid plasmid, which contained, however, the same
      inserted DNA as the resident plasmid. The transformation frequencies observed
      indicated that transcription of homologous DNA in resident plasmids and also
      tertiary DNA structure interfered with transformation.

PMID- 6441885
TI  - Influence of nutrient media on the characteristics of the exopolysaccharide
      produced by three mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
AB  - Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the 'gelatinous' (strain PM1) and
      'mucoid' (strains PM3 and PM11) types (Wahba and Darrell, 1965), from cystic
      fibrosis patients were grown on different nutrient media, in liquid and on solid
      matrix, and their ability to synthesize uronic acid-containing exopolysaccharide
      of varying molecular sizes was assessed. Strain PM1 produced the
      exopolysaccharide in all liquid media tested. However, the exopolysaccharide was
      always polydispersed when citrate was present but monodispersed and of high
      molecular weight (HMW) in its absence. Strain PM1 also formed non-mucoid colonies
      on some solid media and on those media no exopolysaccharide was produced. On
      media, on which the organism was always mucoid monodispersed, HMW
      exopolysaccharide was recovered. Strains PM3 and PM1 produced monodispersed, HMW
      exopolysaccharide in liquid MacConkey's and V-8 media, but polydispersed or no
      exopolysaccharide in ll other liquid media tested. On MacConkey's agar these
      strains were mucoid initially but appeared non-mucoid as the cultures aged. This
      colonial change was accompanied by a quantitative and qualitative change in the
      exopolysaccharide. In media on which these strains produced only non-mucoid
      colonies little or no exopolysaccharide was recovered. Crude enzyme preparations
      from all three strains indicate that enzyme(s) capable of depolymerizing the
      indigenous exopolysaccharide exist in each organism.

PMID- 6441886
TI  - Noncoordinate histone synthesis in heat-shocked Drosophila cells is regulated at
      multiple levels.
AB  - Transferring Drosophila tissue culture cells from 25 to 37 degrees C (heat shock)
      causes histone protein synthesis to become noncoordinate. To determine the level
      at which this is controlled, the synthesis, degradation, and translation of
      individual histone mRNAs was studied under both heat shock and control
      conditions. The increased synthesis of histone H2b protein during heat shock
      appears to be controlled primarily at the level of translation. During heat
      shock, H2b mRNA is transcribed at about the same level as in the control.
      However, H2b mRNA is more stable under heat shock than under control conditions
      and is predominantly found in polysomes. The reduction in synthesis of H2a, H3,
      and H4 protein during heat shock appears to be controlled at both the
      transcriptional and translational levels. Although transcription of H2a, H3, and
      H4 mRNAs is reduced during heat shock, like H2b mRNA, they are more stable.
      However, unlike H2b mRNA, these mRNAs are not predominantly associated with
      polysomes during heat shock. Regulation of H1 synthesis during heat shock is
      completely different from that of the other histones. During heat shock, H1 mRNA
      is not transcribed, and unlike all of the other Drosophila mRNAs studied to date,
      its mRNA is not stable in heat-shocked cells. Results from in vitro translation
      studies support the conclusion that noncoordinate synthesis of the core histone
      proteins during heat shock is controlled at the level of translation.

PMID- 6441887
TI  - Myristic acid is attached to the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus
      during or immediately after synthesis and is present in both soluble and membrane
      bound forms of the protein.
AB  - Myristic acid, a minor component of cellular fatty acids, has been shown
      previously to be covalently bound to most molecules of p60src, the transforming
      protein of Rous sarcoma virus. We have now determined at what time during the
      life cycle of p60src, and where within the cell, this lipid becomes attached to
      the protein. p60src was found to acquire myristic acid at only one time, during
      or immediately after its synthesis. p60src is known to be synthesized on free
      polysomes and appears at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane after a lag
      of 10 min. The addition of myristic acid to p60src therefore precedes the binding
      of the protein to the plasma membrane. The lipid attached to p60src is a
      permanent, metabolically stable part of the protein; we found no evidence for
      turnover of the myristyl moiety. However, we did find myristate attached to
      various soluble forms of p60src and to a large number of cytosolic cellular
      proteins as well. This demonstrates that the attachment of myristic acid to a
      protein is not in itself sufficient to convert a soluble protein into a membrane
      bound protein.

PMID- 6441888
TI  - Regulation of human histone gene expression during the HeLa cell cycle requires
      protein synthesis.
AB  - We have examined the effects of protein synthesis inhibition on histone gene
      expression during the HeLa cell cycle. Histone mRNAs, which normally are rapidly
      degraded in the absence of DNA synthesis, persist and increase in concentration
      when translation is inhibited before DNA replication is halted. This is not a
      function of polysomal shielding of these mRNAs from active degradation mechanisms
      since inhibitors of translation initiation alone effect stabilization and
      induction. The superinduction of histone mRNAs by protein synthesis inhibition is
      effective at the G1/S border, and in the S-phase and non-S-phase periods of the
      cell cycle. However, the relative increase in histone mRNA is greater when cells
      not synthesizing DNA are treated with a protein synthesis inhibitor than when S
      phase cells are so treated. Non-histone mRNAs examined are not superinduced by
      translation inhibition. Transcription rates from both histone and non-histone
      genes increase after protein synthesis inhibition. Although the decrease in
      histone gene transcription associated with DNA synthesis inhibition is prevented
      and reversed by protein synthesis inhibition, we have no evidence that histone
      gene-specific transcriptional regulation is dependent on protein synthesis.
      Transcriptional increases may contribute to the superinduction effect but cannot
      explain its differential extent during the cell cycle, since these increases are
      similar when replicating or nonreplicating cells are treated with a protein
      synthesis inhibitor. We believe that changes in histone mRNA stability can
      account for much of the differential superinduction effect. Our results indicate
      a requirement for continuing protein synthesis in the cell cycle regulation of
      histone mRNAs.

PMID- 6441889
TI  - Binding of 125I-labeled recombinant beta interferon (IFN-beta Ser17) to human
      cells.
AB  - We investigated the binding of 125I-labeled beta interferon (IFN-beta Ser17), a
      nonglycosylated recombinant human fibroblast interferon in which cysteine at
      position 17 is replaced by serine by site-specific mutagenesis. An optimized
      chloramine T radiolabeling method produced a highly labeled, fully active 125I
      IFN suitable for these studies. Unlike the case with the chloramine T method,
      incorporation of a single mole of Bolton-Hunter reagent into a mole of IFN-beta
      Ser17 led to nearly complete loss of biological activity. 125I-IFN-beta Ser17,
      prepared by the chloramine T method, bound specifically to human lymphoblastoid
      cells (Daudi) with a dissociation constant of 0.24 nM. The number of binding
      sites per cell was 4,000. In competition assays, unlabeled beta interferons
      (native, recombinant IFN-beta Cys17, and various preparations of IFN-beta Ser17)
      equally displaced labeled IFN-beta Ser17 on Daudi cells. Recombinant IFN-alpha-1
      displaced 125I-IFN-beta binding to Daudi cells less efficiently than did
      unlabeled native or recombinant beta interferon. However, at the concentrations
      tested, native gamma interferon showed no competition with 125I-IFN. Our results
      indicate that IFN-beta Ser17 and native IFN-beta posses similar binding
      properties.

PMID- 6441891
TI  - [The effect of an enzyme-containing toothpaste on the etiology of dental caries
      and gingivitis in children 10-13 years old].

PMID- 6441890
TI  - Correct temperature induction and developmental regulation of a cloned heat shock
      gene transformed into the Drosophila germ line.
AB  - We have constructed a size variant of the Drosophila hsp28 gene by deleting 207
      base pairs of the protein coding region, beginning 33 base pairs downstream of
      the ATG protein initiation codon. After transformation of Drosophila melanogaster
      rosy (ry506) flies with this altered gene, using the P transposable element
      system, it was found that the transformed gene was regulated correctly both after
      temperature elevation and during the development of the flies. Levels of the
      variant mRNA were as high as those of the endogenous hsp28 during all patterns of
      expression, and the variant mRNA appeared in all cases to be processed correctly
      and to be as stable as the endogenous mRNA. Nevertheless, the chromosomal locus
      of the transformed gene did not puff after heat shock, suggesting that normal
      transcription of the gene does not require puffing of the locus. The deleted
      hsp28 gene retained the reading frame of the endogenous one, and a protein of the
      expected molecular weight of 18,500 was made after heat shock at levels
      comparable to those of the endogenous hsp28.

PMID- 6441892
TI  - [Role of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein in calcium oxalate lithogenesis].
AB  - Tamm-Horsfall (TH) mucoprotein has been suggested to play a lithogenetic role in
      calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis. However it is still debated whether it promotes
      or inhibits crystal growth and aggregation. To make clear the role played by this
      mucoprotein, we have carried out the following experiments: 1) the urinary
      excretion of TH has been evaluated by radial immunodiffusion in 27 recurrent
      idiopathic CaOx stone formers and in 35 controls; 2) in a metastable solution of
      CaOx the effect of TH addition on crystal growth has been monitored; 3) in whole
      urine the effect of TH addition on crystal aggregation has been assayed by an
      aggregometer. Urinary excretion of TH is significantly lower in stone formers. TH
      does not seem to promote crystal growth, while it is effective on crystal
      aggregation. These data seem to suggest that the reduced excretion of TH in
      nephrolithiasis may be a lithogenic risk factor.

PMID- 6441893
TI  - Activation of dopamine synthesis in mesolimbic dopamine neurons by immobilization
      stress in the rat.
AB  - We investigated effects of immobilization stress and haloperidol on levodopa
      accumulation in caudate, mesolimbic area and frontal cortex of rats treated with
      an amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. Immobilization stress for 35 min
      significantly increased levodopa accumulation in mesolimbic area but not in
      caudate and frontal cortex, although haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p., 60 min)
      enhanced levodopa accumulation in three brain regions. These results suggest that
      immobilization stress selectively accelerates dopamine synthesis in mesolimbic
      dopamine neurons.

PMID- 6441894
TI  - Cholecystokinin acts through catecholaminergic mechanisms in the hypothalamus to
      influence ingestive behaviour in the rat.
AB  - Administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) (0.2 - 0.6 micrograms in a volume of 2
      microliter) into the lateral cerebral ventricle caused a decrease in intake of
      food but a relative increase in intake of water (or water-to-food ratio) in rats.
      To determine whether the anorexic actions of CCK were mediated through the
      hypothalamic nuclei, rats were infused with CCK (0.02 - 0.12 microgram in a
      volume of 0.5 microliter) through previously implanted hypothalamic cannulae.
      Administration of CCK into the lateral hypothalamus, but not the anterior
      hypothalamus or ventromedial hypothalamus, caused decreased intake of food and a
      relative increased intake of water. In addition, the responses induced by
      injection of CCK into the hypothalamus were completely abolished by selective
      depletion of catecholamines in the hypothalamus (eg. noradrenaline and dopamine)
      with intra-hypothalamic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. Intraperitoneal
      administration of 0.12 microgram of CCK had no effect on the intake of food and
      water in rats. The data indicate that CCK acts through catecholaminergic
      mechanisms in the hypothalamus to influence feeding behaviour.

PMID- 6441895
TI  - Humans, apes and monkeys: the changing neuropsychological viewpoint.
AB  - Four areas (cognitive capacity, cerebral lateralization, the structural basis of
      amnesia, and disorders of reaching with parietal lesions) are reviewed with
      respect to comparative differences between human and non-human primates in 1963
      and two decades later. It is concluded that in all four areas the discontinuities
      very clearly evident in 1963 have either been resolved or have become blurred. It
      is argued that this trend was furthered by Hecaen's editorial policy for
      Neuropsychologia and that clinical neuropsychology and experimental (animal)
      neuropsychology can be expected to converge increasingly during the next 20 yr.

PMID- 6441896
TI  - Differential effects of frontal-lobe lesions on cognitive estimation and spatial
      memory.
AB  - Patients with unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excisions and normal control
      subjects were tested on the recall of objects and of their location in an array.
      An incidental-learning situation was used, in which the task was presented as a
      test of the ability to estimate the prices of the objects. Patients with right
      frontal-lobe lesions were the only group impaired on price estimation, but a
      correlation was obtained between error-score in price estimation and lesion-size
      for the left frontal-lobe group. In contrast to patients with extensive right
      hippocampal excisions, both frontal-lobe groups were accurate on location-recall
      when tested immediately and again 24 hr later.

PMID- 6441897
TI  - GM1 ganglioside enhances regrowth of noradrenaline nerve terminals in rat
      cerebral cortex lesioned by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - The effect of exogenous GM1 ganglioside on selectively noradrenaline-denervated
      rat cerebral cortex was investigated by measuring the spatial distribution of
      endogenous noradrenaline levels and by fluorescence histochemical analysis. A
      local noradrenaline denervation was produced by intracortical infusion of the
      selective catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine for 3 or 7 days. The
      neurotoxin infusion caused an almost complete noradrenaline denervation in a
      restricted area around the infusion point as reflected by an almost complete long
      term disappearance of noradrenaline nerve terminals and reduction of
      noradrenaline levels. There was with time a slow recovery of the levels, most
      likely related to a spontaneous noradrenaline nerve terminal regeneration. Post
      treatment for 1 week with GM1 had very small effects on the 6-hydroxydopamine
      induced reduction of the noradrenaline levels, while pretreatment with GM1 for 3
      days before the neurotoxin infusion and continuing the GM1 administration for
      another 7-14 days significantly enhanced noradrenaline recovery, as observed both
      bio- and histochemically. GM1 had no effect on the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced
      noradrenaline depletion acutely, indicating that GM1 does not interfere with the
      direct neurotoxic actions of 6-hydroxydopamine. The present results thus indicate
      that exogenous GM1 enhances regrowth of noradrenaline nerve terminals which may
      be due to a regrowth stimulatory effect (regeneration/collateral sprouting)
      and/or related to protective actions of GM1 against retrograde degeneration of
      noradrenaline axons following the neurotoxin-induced lesion.

PMID- 6441898
TI  - Blood flow compensates oxygen demand in the vulnerable CA3 region of the
      hippocampus during kainate-induced seizures.
AB  - Local blood flow, and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide were
      directly monitored in the vulnerable region of Ammon's horn (e.g. CA3) of
      unanaesthetized, freely breathing rats in which epileptic seizures of 120 min
      duration were induced by parenteral kainic acid. Blood flow was periodically
      determined by helium clearance. Partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide
      were simultaneously and continuously measured by means of mass spectrometry, in
      order to determine if the neuronal damage occurring during the seizures were due
      to local hypoxia or if blood flow compensated the metabolic demand. During the
      wet shakes period, a decrease of 35% in the partial pressure of oxygen occurred,
      concomitant with an increase of 33% in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and
      of 330% in local blood flow in Ammon's horn. During the limbic motor seizures,
      the partial pressure of oxygen increased progressively to twice its baseline
      value, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide returned to its baseline
      value and blood flow underwent a six-fold increase. Thus the seizures produced by
      kainate do not lead to a mismatch between oxygen supply and blood flow. Our
      results provide direct evidence that hypoxia cannot be considered responsible for
      the damage produced by the seizures in CA3. It is concluded that brain damage in
      CA3 is due to an enhanced neuronal activity associated with the release of a
      toxic endogenous substance and an excessive rise of intracellular concentration
      of calcium.

PMID- 6441899
TI  - Metabolism of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins in the Torpedo electric organ:
      modulation by the presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - We have found that Torpedo electric organ readily synthesizes prostaglandin E2
      from both exogenous and endogenous arachidonate and that activation of the
      presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor increases the rate of prostaglandin
      E2 synthesis by inducing the release of tissue arachidonate from its phospholipid
      pools. The incorporation of radiolabeled arachidonate into tissue phospholipids
      is slow and Ca2+ independent. However, the electric organ slices readily oxidize
      the externally added, radiolabeled arachidonate via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway,
      with prostaglandin E2 being the major product (22 +/- 4% of the initial
      radioactivity). This process is not affected by either Ca2+ or mepacrine. Torpedo
      electric organ slices also synthesize prostaglandin E2 from endogenous
      substrates, and release it into the medium. This process, however, is enhanced by
      Ca2+ and inhibited by mepacrine. Activation of the Torpedo muscarinic
      acetylcholine receptor by the agonist oxotremorine results in a dose-dependent
      atropine-sensitive increase in the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 from endogenous
      tissue substrates and in the concomitant release of arachidonate into the medium.
      By contrast, oxotremorine has no effect on either the formation of
      [14C]prostaglandin E2 from exogenous arachidonate, the incorporation of
      radiolabeled arachidonate into tissue phospholipids or its liberation from
      prelabeled slices. These results suggest that activation of the muscarinic
      acetylcholine receptor induces lipolysis which results in the liberation of
      endogenous arachidonate and its subsequent conversion to prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 6441900
TI  - Lactobacillus feeding alters human colonic bacterial enzyme activities.

PMID- 6441901
TI  - Effect of traditional Chinese medicine "zi yin jiang huo" and "wen bu shen yang"
      on adrenocortical function in children with nephrotic syndrome receiving long
      term large dosage glucocorticosteroid.

PMID- 6441902
TI  - [Nursing service administration--assumptions and expectations].

PMID- 6441903
TI  - [Dentin adhesive resins: new applications and clinical results in conservative
      therapy (2: Scotchbond adhesive resin)].

PMID- 6441904
TI  - [Dentin adhesive resins: new applications and clinical results in conservative
      therapy (3: Dentin Adhesit adhesive resin)].

PMID- 6441905
TI  - [Biological fundamentals and general therapeutic ideas on transverse expansion of
      the upper jaw (panoramic literature review on the state of the art)].

PMID- 6441906
TI  - [A system for splinting the mobile anterior teeth].

PMID- 6441907
TI  - [Method for intracoronal stabilization of posterior teeth with limited retentive
      capabilities].

PMID- 6441908
TI  - [Distal three-quarter semi-crowns on molars (2)].

PMID- 6441909
TI  - [A combined method using hydrocolloids and alginates for impression making in
      fixed prosthetics].

PMID- 6441910
TI  - [Clinical use of mesial and distal three-quarter semi-crowns (3)].

PMID- 6441911
TI  - [Combined therapy for the resolution of an orthodontic case of notable
      complexity].

PMID- 6441912
TI  - [Semi-crown with 3 grooves (4)].

PMID- 6441913
TI  - [Semi-crown with 3 lingual grooves (5)].

PMID- 6441914
TI  - [Prosthetic use of the semi-automatic Block-Matic key in the application of a
      bilateral free-end denture].

PMID- 6441915
TI  - [Clinical-statistical evaluation of oral hygiene status in a sample population of
      military recruits].

PMID- 6441916
TI  - [Destructive periodontitis].

PMID- 6441917
TI  - [Oral hygiene in orthodontics].

PMID- 6441919
TI  - [Use and longevity of toothbrushes].

PMID- 6441918
TI  - [Current histopathological advances of the effect of tissue stimulation on
      surgical wound healing in oral medicine].

PMID- 6441920
TI  - [Referred and radiating pain (reflex) in various orodental diseases].

PMID- 6441921
TI  - [Mesial three-quarter semi-crowns on molars (1)].

PMID- 6441922
TI  - [Pathochemical principles of therapy in hemolytic disease of the newborn].

PMID- 6441923
TI  - Chemoreflex drive of ventilation during exercise in ducks.
AB  - To determine if arterial chemoreceptors contribute to the ventilatory response
      during exercise, we measured minute ventilation (VI) in spontaneously breathing
      Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) during rest and running exercise when the
      inspired gas was switched from either 21% or 12% O2 to 100% O2 for 45 s (O2
      test). In normoxia at rest (PaO2 = 99 Torr), inhaling 100% O2 reduced VI by 30%,
      while during resting hypoxic conditions (PaO2 = 56 Torr), 100% O2 inhalation
      reduced VI by 66%. During exercise, abruptly inhaling 100% O2 decreased VI by
      only 14% and 33% in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Thus, only a
      small fraction of the ventilatory response during exercise under normoxic
      conditions is due to an arterial chemoreceptor input. However, during exercise in
      hypoxic conditions, arterial chemoreceptors provide a substantial portion of the
      total drive to ventilation.

PMID- 6441924
TI  - Evidence for the role of calcium in the hydrosmotic response to antidiuretic
      hormone in frog skin.
AB  - Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 on either the serosal or mucosal
      sides of frog skin, strongly inhibits the hydrosmotic response to vasopressin. On
      the contrary, the hydrosmotic response to 8-br-cAMP is not affected by treatment
      with the A23187. Trifluoperazine, a drug which inhibits the Ca2+-calmodulin
      complex, selectively inhibits vasopressin-induced water transport. Collectively,
      our results suggest that an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+,
      obtained by treatment with the ionophore A23187, interferes with a pre-cAMP step
      of the hydrosmotic response to the antidiuretic hormone. Calcium ions could
      regulate adenyl-cyclase activity and consequently intracellular levels of cAMP.
      This effect may probably involve calmodulin.

PMID- 6441925
TI  - Cellular pH and the ADH-induced hydrosmotic response in different ADH target
      epithelia.
AB  - The hydrosmotic response elicited by oxytocin in the frog skin epithelium (Rana
      esculenta) was reversibly inhibited by 70% when the medium pH was reduced to 6.2
      by CO2 bubbling on the serosal side. On the contrary, the response to 8-bromo
      cyclic AMP (8 Br-CAMP) was not affected by medium acidification, even after
      corion removal. In other experiments intracellular pH was measured, employing the
      dimetyl-oxazolidine-dione distribution technique, in frog urinary bladder and the
      isolated frog skin epithelium. As previously observed in the case of oxytocin, 8
      Br-CAMP increased intracellular pH in frog urinary bladder. Incubation with
      oxytocin also augmented the intracellular pH in the isolated frog skin epithelium
      but 8 Br-CAMP did not modify cell proton concentration in this tissue. From
      previous and present results it can be summarized that: 1) The intracellular
      alkalinization effect elicited by oxytocin addition and the inhibition in the
      hydrosmotic response induced by medium acidification were qualitatively similar
      in both tested target epithelia. 2) On the contrary, a post cyclic AMP step
      sensitive to changes in intracellular pH was not observed in frog skin, as is the
      case in frog urinary bladder. 3) The 8 Br-CAMP induced intracellular
      alkalinization effect was only observed in frog urinary bladder.

PMID- 6441926
TI  - Pharmacokinetic aspects of deprenyl effects.
AB  - Deprenyl is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO
      B). In prolonged treatment (0.05-0.25 mg/kg, sc daily) in spite of the
      irreversible blocking, selective inhibition pattern of MAO was maintained. 14C
      Deprenyl is well absorbed after oral or subcutaneous administration and
      penetrates rapidly to the central nervous system. When it is given intravenously
      its highest brain concentration is reached within 30 sec but radioactivity
      rapidly disappears from the central nervous system. Deprenyl is metabolized to
      amphetamine and methylamphetamine in rats without producing a remarkable sign of
      psychostimulant activity. This could partly be due to the distribution properties
      of deprenyl e.g. low detectable level of radioactivity in the brain after 1-2 min
      and partly to the fact that from (-) -deprenyl (-) -amphetamines, which have less
      psychostimulant activity than the (+) -isomere, are formed.

PMID- 6441927
TI  - Binding of (-) deprenyl to serum proteins.
AB  - 14C-Deprenyl binding to serum proteins has been investigated using equilibrium
      dialysis and gel chromatography. Experiments in the equilibrium dialysis cells
      were performed both for binding of deprenyl to the serum proteins and the
      dissociation of the previously serum bound deprenyl. Comparative investigations
      were made with substance E, this reference compound showed reversible binding
      contrary to deprenyl that remained partially irreversibly bound to the serum
      proteins even in such conditions when substance E became totally released.

PMID- 6441928
TI  - Saccharides localized by fluorescent lectins on trophectoderm and endometrium
      prior to implantation in pigs, sheep and equids.
AB  - Pre-implantation blastocysts together with the corresponding maternal endometrium
      were obtained from pigs, sheep and equids at known stages of pregnancy. Thin
      sections of fixed tissue were reacted with FITC-labelled conjugates of lectins
      specific for alpha-L-fucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine and alpha-D-manno- and alpha-D-gluco-pyranosyl residues. The pre
      implantation blastocysts of both pig and sheep, throughout the period studied,
      had a continuous reaction for alpha-L-fucose, which has been suggested to be
      important in compaction and the expression of SSEA-1 antigen in mouse embryos.
      Reactivity for N-acetylglucosamine appeared in the blastocysts of both pig and
      sheep prior to implantation. The staining for fucose and acetylglucosamine was
      restricted to the apical (maternally apposed) aspect of the trophectoderm. No
      specific reactivity was observed in horse conceptuses; however, discrete regions
      of endometrial epithelium stained intensely for N-acetylglucosamine, and may
      represent 'recognition' sites for the implanting embryo.

PMID- 6441929
TI  - Classification issues of bipolar disorders in childhood.
AB  - As systematic interviewing has become more widespread, it has been possible to
      identify significant populations of children and adolescents who meet adult
      criteria for depression. The difficulties associated with identifying correctly
      the phenomenology of major depression in children are reviewed. The significance
      of separation anxiety, anorexia, attention deficit and conduct disorder, as
      'depressive equivalents' is discussed, although a change in mood or ability to
      experience pleasure appear to carry greater diagnostic weight. While the
      identification of mania and hence of bipolar disorder in children is more
      difficult, the appearance of a definite maniac syndrome in preadolescence is
      relatively uncommon. Data are reviewed suggesting the existence of an alternative
      and more common form of bipolar disorder in childhood, characterized by affective
      lability, irritability and explosive behavior. However, available data do not
      support the view that attention deficit disorder and 'emotionally unstable
      character disorder' are variants of bipolar syndromes.

PMID- 6441930
TI  - [Nurses writing the history of the profession. The nursing assistant in Italy and
      the case of the Regina Elena Boarding School].

PMID- 6441931
TI  - [Dialysis].

PMID- 6441932
TI  - [Productivity and health expenditures in Italy].

PMID- 6441934
TI  - [Activities of the association].

PMID- 6441933
TI  - [Physical pain. An indescribable experience].

PMID- 6441935
TI  - [Role of the nurse according to Italian legislation].

PMID- 6441936
TI  - [Nursing and public opinion: an exploratory study].

PMID- 6441937
TI  - [Health and underdevelopment: towards establishing a conscience in Italy].

PMID- 6441938
TI  - [Clinical research, methodology through transforming the existent. Presentation
      of research on discrepancies between prescriptions and transcription of therapy].

PMID- 6441939
TI  - The rat urinary bladder produces prostacyclin as well as other prostaglandins.
AB  - It has hitherto been assumed that urinary prostanoid excretion reflects renal
      and/or systemic prostanoid synthesis. Since the bladder forms an integral part of
      the urinary tract, we investigated whether this organ was capable of synthesising
      prostanoids. The rat urinary bladder was found to generate large amounts of 6-oxo
      prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable, spontaneous metabolite of prostacyclin) in
      vitro; it also produced smaller amounts of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2
      (the stable, spontaneous metabolite of thromboxane A2). Distension of the bladder
      and changes in pH and osmolarity of the incubate were found to markedly alter the
      production of these prostanoids. Urinary prostanoids may, therefore, reflect not
      merely renal and/or systemic prostanoid synthesis but also local synthesis and
      release by the bladder. The presence of these prostanoids in the bladder suggests
      that they may play a local role in cytoprotection and the regulation of bladder
      tone.

PMID- 6441940
TI  - Further studies on the control of arachidonic acid turnover in guinea-pig
      endometrium in relation to prostaglandin production.
AB  - The amounts of phospholipids in the guinea-pig endometrium were
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) greater than phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) =
      sphingomyelin (Sph.) greater than phosphatidylserine (PS) + phosphatidylinositol
      (PI). There were no significant differences in the amounts of any of these
      phospholipids in endometrium between Days 7 and 15 of the cycle. The de novo
      synthesis of PC was 5- to 10-fold higher than the synthesis of PC from PE in
      guinea-pig endometrium. There were no differences in the amounts of PC formed by
      either pathway, and in the amounts of PI synthesized by guinea-pig endometrium
      between Days 7 and 15 of the cycle during a 6 h culture period. The increased
      incorporation of arachidonic acid into phospholipids of guinea-pig endometrium on
      Day 15 compared to Day 7 cannot be accounted for by an increase in phospholipid
      content or increased phospholipid synthesis on the former day. Following a 24 h
      labelling period of endometrial lipids with [3H] arachidonic acid (3H-AA), there
      was a significant decrease in the amount of 3H-AA in PC and PE on Day 15, but not
      on Day 7, following a further 48 h culture period. Progesterone, oestradiol and
      A23187 did not affect the amounts of 3H-AA released from the various lipid
      classes in guinea-pig endometrium during the time periods of culture studied. It
      is concluded that PC and PE may be the source of arachidonic acid for increased
      PGF2 alpha synthesis by guinea-pig endometrium after Day 11 of the oestrous
      cycle. The lack of changes in PI content and PI synthesis between Days 7 and 15
      of the cycle indicates that stimulation of the PI cycle is not involved in the
      biochemical processes which lead to increased AA release and PGF2 alpha synthesis
      in guinea-pig endometrium after Day 11 of the cycle.

PMID- 6441941
TI  - Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesizing activity in isolated murine
      hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells.
AB  - Prostanoid synthesis from 3H-arachidonic acid was compared in isolated
      parenchymal and nonparenchymal murine liver cells. The cells incorporated
      arachidonic acid into phospholipids but no prostanoid synthesis could be measured
      during 30 min incubation. Conditions necessary for prostanoid synthesis were
      different in parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells and the products were also
      different. Prostanoid synthesis could be induced by in vitro partial hepatectomy:
      parenchymal cells synthesized thromboxane A2 whereas nonparenchymal cells
      produced prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha. Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha synthesis
      could be provoked also by homogenization of the nonparenchymal cells prepared
      from normal liver, while the homogenates of parenchymal cells prepared from
      normal liver did not synthesize thromboxane. Imidazole and indomethacin inhibited
      the production of thromboxane and prostaglandins, respectively. Our results
      suggest that the various cell types of the liver respond by the synthesis of
      different and specific prostanoids after the same injury.

PMID- 6441942
TI  - Molecular characterization of a plasmid from Pseudomonas fluorescens involved in
      styrene degradation.
AB  - In this paper evidence is given that in a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens able
      to grow on styrene as the sole carbon source, the degradation pathway of styrene
      is inducible and plasmid dependent. The plasmid, which we have called pEG is self
      transmissible between Pseudomonas strains and has a size of 37 kb. A restriction
      map has been constructed and evidence for an inducible transcription of two
      separate regions of the plasmid has been obtained.

PMID- 6441943
TI  - Effects of (-)3-PPP on acquisition and retention of a conditioned avoidance
      response in the rat.
AB  - The administration of (-)3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP) was
      found to partially, but significantly, suppress the acquisition (4-8 mg/kg IP)
      and performance (8-16 mg/kg IP) of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in male
      Sprague-Dawley rats. All statistically significant effects were observed within 2
      h of injection. Furthermore, using a situation in which the CAR was dependent on
      a visual successive discrimination, it was shown that discriminative performance
      was unaffected, and that (-)3-PPP (12.5-25 mg/kg IP) but not (+)3-PPP, suppressed
      the CAR. When (-)3-PPP (6.25 mg/kg IP) was combined with haloperidol (0.1-0.4
      mg/kg IP), additive effects on the CAR performance were observed. Considering
      these effects, and the doses of (-)3-PPP required to suppress the CAR
      performance, it is concluded that the effects obtained in the present experiments
      are primarily due to a blockade of postsynaptic DA receptors.

PMID- 6441944
TI  - Pimozide attenuates free feeding: best scores analysis reveals a motivational
      deficit.
AB  - Pimozide treatment (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) decreased free feeding in rats. The
      animals were presented daily with 35 meal segments, each consisting of five 45-mg
      pellets; pimozide resulted in longer mean latencies to initiate eating, longer
      mean eating times per segment (duration scores) and more pellets left uneaten.
      The increase in durations was progressive both within and across test sessions;
      toward the end of the final session many pellets were left uneaten. Failure to
      initiate eating of the first pellet of each segment was rare, and was always
      preceded by failure to eat the fifth pellet of the preceding meal segment. To
      assess whether either the increase in latencies or the increase in durations
      reflected an impairment of absolute response capability, 'best scores' in the
      pimozide and control conditions were compared; the shortest latencies and
      durations in the pimozide condition were as 'good' as those of the control
      condition. However, the animals generally produced 'best' scores on fewer trials
      in the pimozide condition. An exception was on day 1 of testing, when the
      frequency of 'best' latencies was higher in the pimozide condition. The fact that
      the 'best' scores under pimozide equalled the 'best' scores under vehicle
      suggests that the pimozide-treated animals had the motoric capacity to respond
      normally. The facts that the pimozide-treated animals did not perform to the
      demonstrated limits of that capacity in a normal percentage of trials and that
      performance on days 2 and 3 of testing were 'worse' than performance on day 1 of
      testing suggest that pimozide causes a motivational deficit that has not been
      widely recognized.

PMID- 6441945
TI  - Changes in rat dopamine- and serotonin function in vivo after prolonged
      administration of the specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, citalopram.
AB  - The effect of prolonged administration of the potent and specific 5-HT uptake
      inhibitor citalopram on behavioural measures of dopaminergic and serotonergic
      activity has been studied in rats. Administration of citalopram in the diet at a
      daily dose of 99 mumol/kg led to supersensitivity to d-amphetamine-induced
      hypermotility and stereotypy and to subsensitivity to apomorphine-induced
      hypomotility 2 h after withdrawal. Forepaw clonus induced by 5-methoxy-N,N
      dimethyltryptamine was decreased 2 h and 24 h after withdrawal and the number of
      head shakes induced by 1-5-HTP and citalopram were decreased 24 h after
      withdrawal. The d-amphetamine potentiation was still seen after 24 h, whereas the
      response had returned to normal 3 and 7 days after withdrawal. The content of
      amphetamine in three different brain regions was about 50% higher compared with
      controls 24 h after withdrawal of prolonged citalopram administration. At this
      time citalopram had been eliminated, and citalopram itself could not affect
      amphetamine metabolism. Other experiments indicated a linear relation between d
      amphetamine brain concentration and motility level. Thus, a 50% increase in
      citalopram-treated rats cannot alone account for 3-fold increase in d-amphetamine
      induced motility. Potentiation of d-amphetamine-induced hypermotility was also
      found after citalopram in a daily dietary dose of 25 mumol/kg for 13 days and
      after oral bolus injection (49 mumol/kg twice daily for 14 days). Acute
      citalopram injection had no effect in any of these models. The results suggest
      increased responsiveness of dopaminergic mechanisms mediating hypermotility, and
      decreased sensitivity of dopamine receptors mediating sedation (proposed
      autoreceptors). Sensitivity of 5-HT receptors was also decreased. The mechanisms
      by which citalopram induces d-amphetamine supersensitivity as well as
      subsensitivity to apomorphine and 5-HT agonists are presently unknown, since no
      changes in dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor binding have been found after
      an identical dose regimen.

PMID- 6441947
TI  - Residual effects of prolonged cannabis treatment on shuttle-box avoidance in the
      rat.
AB  - Chronic oral administration of cannabis extract to rats was examined for its
      residual effects on shuttle-box avoidance learning. In experiment 1 avoidance
      learning was assessed in rats that had been tested previously on other behavioral
      tests. Chronic treatment (3 months) facilitated the learning of shuttle-box
      avoidance in cannabis-treated animals relative to vehicle controls. In experiment
      2 very similar results were obtained in naive rats. These and other residual
      effects of chronic cannabis treatment are similar to the effects of hippocampal
      lesions.

PMID- 6441946
TI  - Behavioral sensitization: characterization of enduring changes in rotational
      behavior produced by intermittent injections of amphetamine in male and female
      rats.
AB  - Factors influencing the behavioral sensitization ("reverse tolerance") produced
      by intermittent amphetamine (AMPH) injections were studied by quantifying
      rotational behavior in rats that had a unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesion of
      the substantia nigra. The results indicate that: a single injection of a low dose
      of AMPH enhances rotational behavior induced by a second injection of AMPH for up
      to 12 weeks; multiple, weekly injections of AMPH produce a progressive
      enhancement in rotational behavior, over-and-above that produced by a single
      injection; female rats show more robust sensitization than males following single
      or multiple injections of AMPH; this sex difference may be due to the suppression
      of sensitization by an androgen, because removal of testicular hormones
      potentiates sensitization; the long-lasting sensitization of rotational behavior
      produced by infrequent injections of AMPH is not due to drug-environment
      conditioning effects, but perhaps to a persistent AMPH-induced change(s) in brain
      catecholamine systems; and a simple change in DA receptors is probably not
      involved, because the sensitization produced by infrequent injections of AMPH
      does not influence the rotation produced by a subsequent injection of
      apomorphine. The results illustrate an intriguing example of neuroplasticity that
      may have clinical relevance.

PMID- 6441948
TI  - Platelets and biogenic amines. 1. Platelets are poor investigative models for
      dopamine re-uptake.
AB  - The uptake of 14C-dopamine (DA) by human platelets at 10(-7) -2.5 X 10(-4) M of
      labelled amine concentration was studied in human platelet-rich plasma. The total
      uptake could be resolved into two components, one of which was saturable and
      completely inhibited by 10(-5) imipramine and another which was unsaturable but
      temperature-dependent. The saturable uptake of DA had an apparent Km of 75 X 10(
      6) M and Vmax of 1.34 pmol/10(6) platelets/min. The uptake of unsaturable DA was
      1.33 pmol/10(6) platelets/min at 10(-4) M DA. Dopamine exerted a mixed non
      competitive inhibition of the saturable 5-HT transport and vice versa. Thus the
      increase in Km was paralleled by a decrease in Vmax. The low-affinity transport
      of DA by the human platelets does not share any of the dopamine uptake
      characteristics found in neuronal tissue. The platelet therefore seems to be a
      poor model for the presynaptic function of the dopamine neurons.

PMID- 6441949
TI  - Biphasic effects of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate on spontaneous motor activity in
      mice.
AB  - Dose-response relationships for onset, duration, and magnitude of 3-quinuclidinyl
      benzilate (QNB) on spontaneous motor activity (SMA) were studied in mice. QNB was
      administered SC immediately before 2-h test sessions in dose levels differing by
      a factor of 0.5 log (range 0.1-10.0 mg/kg). For the total activity session of 2
      h, QNB had a biphasic effect on SMA; at a low dose (0.1 mg/kg) it decreased, and
      at moderate to higher doses (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) it increased SMA in a dose-related
      fashion. The onset and duration of the significant decreasing or increasing
      effects were also dose dependent; at the low dose (0.1 mg/kg) it depressed SMA
      from 5 to 35 min postinjection, at moderate doses (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) it enhanced
      SMA from 5 to 45 min and 5 to 70 min, respectively, postinjection. At the higher
      doses (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) it increased SMA within 5 min and lasted for 100 and
      120 min, respectively. The increase in SMA for the dose range from moderate to
      high doses of QNB (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) was linear with dose. In general, QNB appears
      to produce a biphasic effect on SMA responding in mice.

PMID- 6441950
TI  - Evaluation of the levels of free and total amitriptyline and metabolites in the
      plasma and brain of the rat after long-term administration of doses used in
      receptor studies.
AB  - This study was conducted in order to investigate the level of amitriptyline (AT)
      and its metabolites. Three separate experiments were carried out. In two of these
      experiments, rats were treated over 7 days with IP doses of AT (10 mg/kg in
      experiment A and 2 X 20 mg/kg in experiment C). The rats were sacrificed either 2
      (experiment C) or 12 h (experiments A and C) after the last dose. In experiment
      B, rats were sacrificed 2 or 12 h after a single dose of 20 mg/kg AT. The results
      of these experiments showed the following: in experiment A only AT was measurable
      in the brain and in the plasma, in contrast to experiments B and C, where NT and
      the hydroxylated metabolites AT-OH and NT-OH reached significant levels in the
      plasma and in the brain. The concentrations of AT-OH, NT-OH, and NT (12-h values)
      that were found in the brain are probably not pharmacologically relevant. The 12
      h plasma values of all compounds tested were, even with the highest dose, lower
      than those expected to be clinically effective in man. Our results suggest that
      AT, at higher doses, may induce its own metabolism. The free plasma levels of
      this drug and its metabolites are higher in man than in the rat. The possible
      implications of these results in the use of antidepressants in the treatment of
      depression are discussed.

PMID- 6441951
TI  - Differential effects of continuous administration for 1 year of haloperidol or
      sulpiride on striatal dopamine function in the rat.
AB  - Administration of haloperidol (1.4-1.6 mg/kg/day) for up to 12 months or
      sulpiride (102-109 mg/kg/day) for between 6 and 12 months increased the frequency
      of purposeless chewing jaw movements in rats. N,n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA)
      (0.25-2.0 mg/kg SC) did not induce hypoactivity in haloperidol-treated rats at
      any time; sulpiride treatment for 9 and 12 months caused a reduction in the
      ability of NPA to induce hypoactivity. Haloperidol, but not sulpiride, treatment
      enduringly inhibited low dose apomorphine effects (0.125 mg/kg SC). After 12
      months, stereotypy induced by high doses of apomorphine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) was
      exaggerated in haloperidol-, but not sulpiride-treated rats. Bmax for specific
      striatal 3H-spiperone binding was increased by haloperidol, but not sulpiride,
      treatment throughout the study. Bmax for 3H-piflutixol binding was not altered by
      chronic haloperidol or sulpiride treatment. Striatal dopamine-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase activity was inhibited for the 1st month of haloperidol
      treatment, thereafter returning to control levels; dopamine stimulation was
      increased after 12 months of sulpiride treatment. Striatal acetylcholine content
      was increased after 3 and 12 months of treatment with haloperidol, but was not
      affected by sulpiride. Chronic administration of sulpiride does not induce
      identical changes in striatal dopamine function to those caused by haloperidol.

PMID- 6441952
TI  - Differential alterations in striatal dopamine receptor sensitivity induced by
      repeated administration of clinically equivalent doses of haloperidol, sulpiride
      or clozapine in rats.
AB  - Rats received therapeutically equivalent doses of either haloperidol (1.7-1.9
      mg/kg/day), sulpiride (112-116 mg/kg/day) or clozapine 30-35 mg/kg/day)
      continuously for 4 weeks. Treatment with haloperidol, but not sulpiride or
      clozapine, caused inhibition of stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine
      (0.125-0.25 mg/kg SC). Following drug withdrawal for up to 7 days, haloperidol
      and sulpiride, but not clozapine treatment caused an exaggeration of stereotyped
      behaviour induced by apomorphine. Bmax values for striatal 3H-spiperone binding
      were elevated in animals treated for 2 and 4 weeks with haloperidol, but not with
      sulpiride or clozapine. Following drug withdrawal, haloperidol, but not sulpiride
      or clozapine, treatment caused an increase in Bmax for striatal 3H-spiperone
      binding. Bmax values for striatal 3H-NPA binding revealed no change during
      haloperidol or clozapine treatment. Sulpiride treatment for 1 week caused an
      increase in Bmax for 3H-NPA binding, which returned to control levels at 2 and 4
      weeks. Following drug withdrawal, there was an increase in Bmax for 3H-NPA
      binding in rats treated with haloperidol and sulpiride, but not clozapine. On
      continuous treatment and following withdrawal from haloperidol, sulpiride, or
      clozapine the ability of dopamine to stimulate striatal adenylate cyclase
      activity did not differ from that in control animals. Repeated administration of
      sulpiride or clozapine may not induce striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity
      when given in clinically relevant doses, although haloperidol does.

PMID- 6441953
TI  - The effect of pentobarbitone on variable-interval performance: analysis in terms
      of Herrnstein's equation.
AB  - Six rats were exposed to a series of variable-interval schedules of
      reinforcement, each schedule specifying a different reinforcement frequency. The
      effects of two doses of pentobarbitone (24.16 and 40.27 mumol/kg) upon
      performance maintained under each schedule were examined. The data were analyzed
      in terms of the goodness of fit of Herrnstein's (1970) equation. Under control
      conditions (no injection or injection of vehicle alone) response rate was an
      increasing negatively accelerated function of reinforcement frequency, the data
      obtained from each rat conforming closely to Herrnstein's equation. In the
      presence of pentobarbitone there was a reduction in the value of Rmax (the
      theoretical maximum response rate) in all six rats. The effect of pentobarbitone
      upon the value of KH (the reinforcement frequency needed to obtain the half
      maximal response rate) differed between animals, the value being increased in
      some rats and decreased in others. This was shown to reflect a systematic
      relationship between the baseline value of KH and the change in KH produced by
      pentobarbitone, high baseline values being associated with reductions, and low
      baseline values with elevations, in the presence of the drug. The data were also
      analyzed using conventional rate-dependency analysis. In some animals there was a
      tendency for lower response rates to be suppressed to a greater degree than
      higher rates, while the reverse was true in other animals. In general, rate
      dependency functions provided poor descriptions of the data obtained from
      individual subjects.

PMID- 6441954
TI  - Pharmacogenetics of phenylethylamine: determination of heritability and genetic
      transmission of locomotor effects in recombinant inbred strains of mice.
AB  - beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) is an amphetamine-like compound that is postulated to
      be a possible endogenous psychotogen. We studied locomotor response to PEA in two
      inbred progenitor strains of mice (C57BL/6 By and BALB/c By), their reciprocal F1
      hybrids (B6CF1 and CB6F1), and seven recombinant inbred strains (CXBD, CXBE,
      CXBG, CXBH, CXBI, CXGJ, and CXBK). Univariate and multivariate statistical
      analyses were done. Heritability of the response to PEA was 82%. The strain
      distribution pattern was suggestive of the inheritance of the trait through a
      single major gene locus.

PMID- 6441955
TI  - The effects of proglumide on morphine induced motility changes.
AB  - Proglumide (0.02 mg/kg), a cholecystokinin antagonist, was administered to rats
      either together with or without morphine (0, 5, 15, or 45 mg/kg). Whereas
      proglumide in the absence of morphine showed a trend towards enhanced behavioral
      activation, it potentiated the hypokinesia induced by morphine. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous cholecystokinin tonically
      antagonizes opiate modulation of motility, irrespective of whether such
      modulation is produced by opiates and endogenous or exogenous origin.

PMID- 6441956
TI  - Heart rate variation in patients treated with antidepressants. An index of
      anticholinergic effects?
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether heart rate variation as
      obtained simply from an electrocardiographic registration is influenced in
      subjects given antidepressive medication. The mean difference between consecutive
      R-R intervals (MCD) was reduced in patients (n = 23) treated with various doses
      of tri- or tetracyclic antidepressants [7.7 (1.8-32.3) ms in patients versus 24.8
      (7.0-87.7) ms in controls]. Among those receiving 1.67 mg tricyclic
      antidepressant or more per kilogram body wt (n = 12) MCD was further reduced [5.0
      (2.1-12.0) ms] with no overlapping of values as compared to controls (n = 9). In
      a subgroup of patients treated with clomipramine the MCD was related inversely to
      the dosage (R = 0.78, P less than 0.02). In an additional group of seven
      patients, MCD was reduced following a few days of treatment with antidepressants
      as compared to pretreatment values (P less than 0.02), indicating that the
      reduction is a result of therapy and not a concomitant of the affective state. We
      suggest that measurements of heart rate variation could be a useful tool to
      measure anticholinergic effects of antidepressants.

PMID- 6441957
TI  - Dorsal bundle lesions do not affect latent inhibition of conditioned suppression.
AB  - Three experiments are reported which examine the effects of lesions of the dorsal
      ascending noradrenergic bundle (DB) on latent inhibition using a conditioned
      suppression procedure in rats. In none of the experiments did the DB lesion have
      any effect, despite changes in the extent of latent inhibition and in the control
      procedures used to assess it. The results are discussed in relation to the
      attentional theory of DB function.

PMID- 6441958
TI  - Ineffectiveness of vasopressin in the treatment of memory impairment in chronic
      schizophrenia.
AB  - A vasopressin derivative or placebo was administered to 21 chronic schizophrenia
      patients for 3 weeks in a randomized crossover double-blind design. The patients
      were divided into those above and below the median on baseline memory measured by
      the Wechsler memory scale. Vasopressin treatment did not improve memory either in
      those patients with below median baseline memory or in the group as a whole.

PMID- 6441959
TI  - Clinical trials with the cholinergic drug RS 86 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and
      senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT).
AB  - The muscarinic agonist RS 86 was administered to patients with Alzheimer's
      disease (AD) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) in a series of
      controlled clinical trials. Daily doses were up to 3.0 mg orally for a maximum
      duration of 18 weeks. RS 86 produced typical peripheral cholinergic effects, but
      appeared to be better tolerated than similar drugs, such as physostigmine and
      arecoline. Positive clinical changes with regard to cognitive functions, mood,
      and social behavior were seen in a minority of AD and SDAT patients. Psychometric
      tests suggested improvement of functions entailing a speed component. RS 86 is a
      suitable drug for further clinical experiments in AD and SDAT.

PMID- 6441960
TI  - Single-dose single-point method in amitriptyline therapy.
AB  - Twenty-one depressed patients participated in a study that assessed the
      predictability of amitriptyline (AT) dosage based on plasma drug concentrations
      after a single dose. In 11 patients maintained on a fixed dose regimen, the 18-h
      single-dose level was confirmed to be predictive of steady-state levels. The dose
      for the next 10 patients was derived from their 18-h level aiming to attain
      steady-state levels of 200 ng/ml. The patients achieved a mean steady-state level
      of 213 ng/ml with 80% attaining therapeutic levels. All the patients improved
      within 2 weeks. These preliminary results suggest that dose prediction based on a
      single-dose TCA level is reliable and beneficial.

PMID- 6441961
TI  - [Laboratory contribution to the diagnosis of micromolecular myeloma. Description
      of 5 cases].
AB  - Five cases of micromolecular myeloma, discovered with systematic electrophoretic
      study of proteinurias, are described. Technical details useful for diagnosis are
      discussed.

PMID- 6441962
TI  - [Concept of class in relation to first-generation cephalosporins].
AB  - The authors consider differences in answer of the first generation cephalosporins
      against several strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and suggest
      a revision of the "class" concept as regards sensitivity response of the above
      mentioned cephalosporins.

PMID- 6441964
TI  - Isolation, identification and drug susceptibility of mycobacteria evaluated
      through radiometric procedures: correlation by conventional methods.

PMID- 6441963
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in patients with lymphoproliferative and
      myeloproliferative diseases].
AB  - Circulating immune complexes have been studied with a competitive immune
      enzymatic method on 9 controls, on 34 patients with lymphoproliferative disease
      (41.6 +/- 26.8) and in those with myeloproliferative disease (62.1 +/- 30) have
      been found significantly higher than in controls (20.3 +/- 14.1). The percentage
      of incidence of circulating immune complexes with values greater than 35 (normal
      value greater than 35) is found to be 58.8% in lymphoproliferative disease and
      77.7% in myeloproliferative disease. Higher values of circulating immune
      complexes have been observed in patients with a depressed count of circulating
      monocytes, of lymphocytes with a dot-like alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase
      reaction and of nitroblue tetrazolium positive granulocytes, suggesting that
      circulating immune complexes can modulate cellular immune response as blocking
      factors.

PMID- 6441965
TI  - Psychoendocrine research on sexual orientation. Current status and future
      options.

PMID- 6441966
TI  - Sexual dimorphism and transsexuality: clinical observations.

PMID- 6441967
TI  - [Biosynthesis of serotonin in the peripheral tissues].

PMID- 6441968
TI  - [Eicosanoids; prostaglandins and other oxygenated arachidonate metabolites].

PMID- 6441969
TI  - Possible involvement of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid pathway in
      ovulation.
AB  - The possible involvement of products of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic
      acid cascade in ovulation was tested by intrabursal injection of
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA); 5, 8, 11-eicosatriynoic acid (5, 8, 11-ETYA), 3
      amino-1-(3 trifluromethyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline hydrochloride (BW755c) and (FPL
      55712). All these drugs reduced the number of ova released from the treated
      ovaries in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting ovulation from
      contralateral ovaries. NDGA was most potent since it completely blocked ovulation
      from the treated ovaries in 17/38 rats receiving a dose higher than 0.15
      mg/bursa. This effect of NDGA cannot be ascribed to its inhibition of ovarian PGE
      synthesis. Conversion of labeled arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway by
      preovulatory rat follicles was demonstrated by TLC chromatography. Collectively,
      these results suggest the involvement of products of lipoxygenase pathway of
      arachidonic acid in ovulation in the rat.

PMID- 6441970
TI  - [Role and objectives of scientific societies in the prevention and control of
      communicable diseases and other infections].

PMID- 6441971
TI  - The public/private mix of health sector financing: international implications.

PMID- 6441973
TI  - The influence of irradiation time per treatment session on acute and late skin
      reactions: a study on human skin.
AB  - A comparison of the radiation effect of altering the treatment time per session
      in fractionated radiotherapy was performed on human skin with 12 MeV electrons.
      Four fractions of 7.2 Gy were given within 22 days, once a week. The dose per
      fraction was administered in 4 min and 32 min, respectively. The dose rate was
      about 2 Gy/min and the prolonged treatment time was achieved by dividing each
      dose fraction into three equal subfractions with intervals of 14-15 min.
      Prolongation of the treatment time resulted in a significant reduction of the
      skin erythema (p less than 0.001), pigmentation (p less than 0.05) and the degree
      of telangiectasia at 5 years (p less than 0.001). The relative biological
      effectiveness (RBE) for the prolonged (32 min), in relation to that of the short
      (4 min) treatment time, RBE4 min/32 min, was 1.09-1.10 for erythema and 1.07-1.12
      for telangiectasia. These findings indicate that prolongation of the treatment
      time per session has to be adjusted for in clinical radiation oncology.

PMID- 6441972
TI  - Improved survival in neuroblastoma using multimodality therapy.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-six patients with neuroblastoma have been treated at our
      center from 1970 to 1982, using various combinations of surgery, radiation
      therapy, and chemotherapy. Choice of therapy was individualized but depended
      primarily on age and stage. The overall disease-free survival was 60% (minimum
      follow-up of one year). Patients with stage I disease and younger patients with
      stage II disease usually received less intensive therapy and fared extremely well
      (100% survival). Patients with stage III disease and older patients with stage II
      disease also did extremely well (survival of 85% and 90%, respectively). These
      patients may have benefited from intensive treatment with all three modalities.
      Patients under one year of age with stage IV neuroblastoma were treated with
      surgery and multiagent chemotherapy, and 92% (11/12) survived free of disease.
      Patients over one year old with stage IV disease represented the only group for
      which therapy was unsuccessful (10% survival). With combination approaches and
      with more effective multiagent chemotherapeutic regimens, a real impact on the
      survival of older stage II patients, stage III patients, and younger stage IV
      patients appears to have been made. However, older stage IV patients are rarely
      cured with conventional therapy, and better approaches will be needed for this
      group.

PMID- 6441974
TI  - Computer assisted dosimetry of scanned electron and photon beams for radiation
      therapy.
AB  - A computer controlled beam forming system for energies up to 50 MeV has been
      developed in order to produce high quality electron and photon beams for
      radiation therapy. The desired radiation field shape and dose distribution are
      achieved by programming the scanning pattern of a narrow and unfiltered electron
      or photon beam. The computer that controls the scanning pattern also performs
      dosimetric analyses in the resultant radiation beams. The system allows real time
      display of the measured dose distributions at a rate of up to five discrete dose
      values per second for a 15 cm square field. Measurements in scanned as well as in
      stationary electron and photon beams at energies of 10, 20 and 50 MeV are
      presented. Finally, the consequences of photon generated electrons in the very
      broad high energy photon beams that can be produced by a scanning system are
      illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 6441975
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of a magnetic TBG radioimmunoassay kit].

PMID- 6441976
TI  - Radioisotopes in the study of photosynthetic carbon pathways.

PMID- 6441977
TI  - [Control survey of thyroxine binding globulin assay by radioimmunoassay in
      Japan].

PMID- 6441978
TI  - [Status epilepticus in adult epileptics followed in a neurologic hospital].
AB  - One or several status were observed in 90 chronic adult epileptics. Partial
      status, especially motor and of similar type, is rare in the clinical course of
      usual partial epilepsy. Generalized status, chiefly petit mal (PM) status,
      appears in more severe generalized epilepsies. Partial status epilepticus is
      observed in motor attacks and rarely in partial complex epilepsies, although the
      latter are more frequent. In 40% of cases the aetiology is unknown. Delay of the
      first status is variable, from 2 to 30 years. Status does not make previous
      epilepsy worse. Generalized status, mainly PM status, appears in patients with
      absences and generalized attacks, sometimes some decades after the beginning of
      the disease. In half of the cases PM status are frequent but are sometimes the
      only expression of the epilepsy.

PMID- 6441979
TI  - [Attempt to identify a syndrome threatening status epilepticus in chronic
      epileptics in an institution].
AB  - The analysis of the frequency and the clinical symptoms of closely succeeding
      seizures in a population of chronic epileptic patients living in institutions
      reveals two major groups: serial seizures and status epilepticus. The latter
      occur more frequently in a 'high risk population' and are often heralded by a
      'threatening symptom complex.' These notions are debated, and a therapeutic
      policy is suggested.

PMID- 6441980
TI  - Status epilepticus and brain maturation.
AB  - The development of a limbic and a generalized tonic-clonic form of epilepsy,
      induced by systemic injections of kainic acid and pentylenetetrazol respectively,
      has been studied in developing rats. The purpose of this research was to
      investigate the correlations between the maturational stages of the CNS and the
      electro-clinical manifestations of epilepsy and status epilepticus. In both
      models of epilepsy, the electro-clinical patterns of seizures typical of the
      adult animal were reached as early as the third week of life. During the first
      weeks, atypical behavioural and EEG epileptic manifestations were observed. An
      attempt has been made to compare the experimental results with the electro
      clinical epileptic signs of the infant, in order to suggest some
      neurophysiological explanations of the peculiar aspects of infantile epilepsy.

PMID- 6441981
TI  - [Treatment of partial motor status epilepticus in adults with intravenous
      diphenylhydantoin (DPH). Prospective study of 50 cases].
AB  - Fifty adult patients with partial motor status epilepticus were treated with a
      single intravenous (i.v.) injection of diphenylhydantoin (DPH), 20 mg/kg body
      weight at a rate of 1 mg/kg/min. Seizures were controlled in 32 patients (64%)
      during the injection or within the following hour; in 13 of them previous (i.v.)
      injections out of benzodiazepines had been ineffective. DPH was effective in 10
      patients of 11 with a previous history of epileptic seizures and without problems
      of consciousness during their epileptic status. In contrast, 13 failures out of
      18 concern occasional status in patients deeply comatose because of head trauma,
      neurosurgical operation or intracerebral hemorrhage. Total plasmatic levels of
      DPH, when measured 24 h after the injection, were found between 38 mumol/l in all
      patients, and were in the range of 40 mumol/l-100 mumol/l in 77% of cases.
      Adverse effects were: pain at the injection site (6 cases), horizontal nystagmus
      during injection (5 cases), transient cerebellar symptoms (3 cases). This study
      confirms that single loading doses of DPH can maintain DPH plasmatic levels
      within the therapeutic range during 24 h, with minor or transient side effects,
      provided that cardiovascular contra-indications are respected.

PMID- 6441983
TI  - The effect of hypothermia on central neural control of respiration.
AB  - The effects of whole body hypothermia on metabolism, blood and medullary acid
      base, and respiratory variables were determined in 29 paralyzed, vagotomized and
      glomectomized cats. Respiratory output was quantified from integrated phrenic
      nerve activity. Metabolic rate (VCO2) decreased progressively as temperature
      decreased. When end-tidal PCO2 was kept constant by decreasing artificial
      ventilation, cooling of the brain to 30.5 degrees C resulted in a large decrease
      of respiratory frequency (f) with prolongations of both inspiratory (TI) and
      expiratory (TE) times but an increase in neural tidal activity (VTN). Neural
      minute activity (MVN) and rate of rise of phrenic activity (RR) decreased
      moderately despite an acid shift of arterial and medullary extracellular fluid
      (ECF) pH and a decrease in the fractional dissociation of imidazole (alpha Im).
      Anesthesia, decerebration and spinal cord section at C7-T1 did not alter the
      responses. When ventilation was kept constant during cooling so that PCO2
      decreased along with metabolic rate, all respiratory variables (VTN, f, MVN and
      RR) decreased significantly and reached near apneic levels at 30.5 degrees C.
      These changes were associated with an alkaline shift in ECF pH. Fractional
      dissociation of imidazole (alpha Im) remained constant at all temperatures. Our
      findings do not support the hypothesis of 'alphastat' regulation as a general
      explanation of central chemical control of breathing in homeotherms. We also
      present arguments that it may not apply to the control of breathing in
      ectotherms. We conclude that hypothermia affects both respiratory drive and
      timing mechanisms through its effect on neural synaptic function.

PMID- 6441982
TI  - Polygraphic study of vestibular stimulation in epileptic patients.
AB  - Vertigo, vestibular function and the effect of labyrinthine stimulation on the
      EEG were studied in 29 epileptic patients. Vertigo has no distinguishing
      characteristics and the epileptic nature of this symptom can be only tentatively
      inferred from its chronological relationship with the other epileptic features.
      In a high percentage of epileptic subjects, especially those with focal seizures,
      abnormal vestibular responses can be observed. This finding may be ascribed to
      the existence of a common cerebral lesion responsible for both focal seizures and
      vestibular abnormalities, even though the data do not allow us to exclude the
      role played by antiepileptic treatment in modifying the vestibular response.
      Caloric labyrinthine stimulation in the method employed by us shows a limited
      activating effect on the EEG and clinical epileptic pattern. Even in the positive
      cases this method does not allow us to reach any precise anatomo-physiological
      conclusions.

PMID- 6441984
TI  - Systemic arterial pH servocontrolled ventilator simulation of the respiratory
      control system.
AB  - The terminology 'isocapnic hyperpnea' has been used to describe the ability of
      the respiratory control system to increase ventilation in response to inhalation
      of low levels of CO2 without an apparent change in the error signal (arterial pH
      or PCO2). Recently a control system for the systemic arterial pH (pHa)
      servocontrol of mechanical ventilation has been developed. The combination of
      proportional and integral control used produced a system by which the desired set
      point was maintained with virtually a zero steady-state error. The purpose of
      these experiments was to use this system to produce isocapnic hyperpnea in
      response to low levels of inspired CO2 and thus to demonstrate how, through
      integral control, a biological system could produce a particular response without
      an apparent change in the controlled variable. Adding 1.0 to 3.5% CO2 to the
      inspired gas of dogs connected to the pHa servocontrolled ventilator produced
      increases in minute ventilation with little or no change in pHa or PaCO2. Whether
      such a control system has any relevance to the physiological control system is
      questionable. It does however allow a unique way of investigating the
      possibilities by which the physiological system may work.

PMID- 6441985
TI  - [Efficacy of a bolus of methyl-prednisolone in acquired recurrent refractory pure
      red cell aplasia].

PMID- 6441986
TI  - Myeloid and erythroid stem cells: regulation in normal and neoplastic states.

PMID- 6441987
TI  - The determinants of T-cell growth.

PMID- 6441988
TI  - Interleukins and inhibitors in human lymphocyte regulation.
AB  - It seems clear, from studies in many laboratories, that both IL-1 and IL-2 play
      an important role in lymphocyte activation and are thus significant in the
      initiation and amplification of an optimal immune response. These conclusions
      have been extended to human lymphocytes, and preliminary data with macrophages
      and T-cells from alveolar spaces suggest that the interleukins are also important
      in vivo. A number of details remain to be worked out concerning these complex
      cellular and humoral interactions involved in triggering the immune response, and
      the increasing availability of purified reagents should help to speed the
      clarification of remaining issues. To date, much less work has been done with
      inhibitory factors produced by macrophages and lymphocytes than with the
      stimulatory interleukins. The preliminary studies by our laboratory and by others
      suggest that some suppressive agents may act through interference with the IL-1
      IL-2 pathway and that others may be interleukin independent. Such investigations
      are only beginning, however, and much more investigation is needed to dissect in
      detail the mechanisms by which immunologically nonspecific inhibitory factors may
      contribute to the regulation of early steps in the immune response.

PMID- 6441989
TI  - Marked cytolysis of human tumor cells by interferon gamma and leukocytes.

PMID- 6441990
TI  - Structure and function of human interferon-gamma.

PMID- 6441991
TI  - Differentiation factors from cell lines.

PMID- 6441992
TI  - [Burns. General treatment].

PMID- 6441993
TI  - [Metabolic radiotherapy in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid].

PMID- 6441994
TI  - [Reflections on endometrial osteogenesis. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - The authors report three cases of endometrial ossification. They believe that the
      presence of bone in the uterus is associated with two very distinct situations.
      One is the retention in utero of fragments of foetal bone after a late abortion.
      In this case, the bone fragments have a recognisable morphology and a well
      differentiated structure. The other situation is osseous metaplasia of elements
      which they believe to be of Mullerian origin, arising in the myo-endometrial
      transitional zone.

PMID- 6441995
TI  - [Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and pregnancy and the puerperium].
AB  - On the basis of a personal case and a review of the literature, the authors
      describe the particular features of the association of neurofibromatosis and
      pregnancy. With the exception of a few severe forms of the disease, pregnancy is
      possible in the majority of patients with neurofibromatosis, although there is a
      risk of hypertension of pregnancy. The rate of abortion is a little higher than
      in the general population.

PMID- 6441996
TI  - [Lithium induced sinus node dysfunction].

PMID- 6441997
TI  - [Viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6441998
TI  - TRH immunoreactivity in the thyroid gland.
AB  - Methanol extracts of dog and pig thyroid tissue contained considerable amounts of
      thyrotropin releasing hormone immunoreactivity (iTRH): 2.98 +/- 1.38 and 1.83 +/-
      0.58 pmol/g thyroid wet weight, respectively (mean +/- SD). This iTRH was not due
      to ether extractable materials and behaved like TRH standard in dilution
      experiments, during gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and during thin layer
      chromatography on a silica gel plate. Cation exchange chromatography on SP
      Sephadex C-25 revealed that the iTRH in methanol extract was heterogeneous.
      However, part of the iTRH applied on the column was eluted as synthetic TRH:
      0.209 +/- 0.046 and 0.052 +/- 0.021 pmol/g dog and pig thyroid, respectively.
      During incubation with rat serum, the SP-Sephadex purified iTRH disappeared in
      parallel with TRH. These studies indicate that the thyroid contains small amounts
      of iTRH which behaves identically to synthetic TRH.

PMID- 6441999
TI  - Inhibition of bacterial growth by tetracycline-impregnated enamel and dentin.
AB  - Tetracyclines can react with enamel and dentin to form relatively insoluble
      fluorescent compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible
      antimicrobial effect of these reaction products on various microorganisms
      associated with human dental plaque and periodontal disease. Slabs of native
      dentin and enamel as well as demineralized dentin were immersed in aqueous
      solutions of tetracycline HCl, oxytetracycline HCl and doxycycline HCl for
      periods of 1 h or 24 h. Unimpregnated enamel and dentin slabs sterilized by gamma
      irradiation and specimens impregnated with phenoxymethylpenicillin calcium were
      used as controls. Test and control specimens were placed on agar plates seeded
      with B. cereus, C. ochraceus, S. sanguis, F. nucleatum, B. melaninogenicus or A.
      viscosus and were subsequently incubated aerobically or anaerobically at 37
      degrees C. With the exception of enamel impregnated for 1 h in a 0.01 mg/ml
      tetracycline solution, all test specimens caused growth inhibition zones, varying
      in size according to concentration of the drug, immersion period and bacterial
      species. The results indicate that tetracyclines react with enamel and dentin to
      form slightly soluble compounds with a pronounced antibacterial effect. In
      comparison, the antimicrobial effect of dentin treated with penicillin was small.

PMID- 6442000
TI  - Stimulation of vascular PGI2 by organic nitrates and its significance for the
      antianginal effect.

PMID- 6442001
TI  - The mechanism of action of nitroglycerin. Stenosis vasodilation as a major
      component of the drug response.

PMID- 6442002
TI  - The effect of nitroglycerin and isosorbiddinitrate on myocardial perfusion and
      hemodynamics in patients with and without coronary disease.

PMID- 6442003
TI  - Nitrates in heart failure. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic
      applications.

PMID- 6442004
TI  - Antianginal drug effects on normal, ischemic and scar myocardial segments in man.
AB  - In order to assess acute effects of nitroglycerin, nifedipine and metoprolol on
      normal, ischemic and scar myocardial segments in man, non-invasive hemodynamic
      and radionuclide measurements of left ventricular function were performed.
      Sixteen patients with single left anterior descending (LAD) disease were studied
      at rest and during exercise: 9 patients with angina and exercise-induced ischemia
      (LAD stenosis) and 7 patients with previous transmural myocardial infarction and
      no ischemic changes at thallium imaging (LAD occlusion). Effects on regional
      ejection fraction were compared between involved antero-septal and normal postero
      lateral areas. Global ejection fraction at rest was unchanged after
      nitroglycerin, increased after nifedipine and decreased after metoprolol. In
      patients with ischemia, improvement in exercise ejection fraction after all drugs
      was due to increased regional ejection fraction in ischemic segments, i.e. a real
      anti-ischemic effect could be demonstrated. In regions of myocardial scar,
      regional ejections fraction was not changed after either drug. In normal areas,
      regional ejection fraction remained unchanged after nitroglycerin and nifedipine
      but decreased after acute beta-blockade. Despite the very similar anti-ischemic
      effects of all drugs, underlying hemodynamic mechanisms were quite different:
      Reduction in preload and afterload after nitroglycerin, vasodilatation and reflex
      sympathetic activity after nifedipine and reduction in double product and
      contractility after metoprolol. Thus, the mode of action of nitroglycerin,
      nifedipine and metoprolol on normal, ischemic and scar myocardial segments could
      be demonstrated in man. Non-invasive antianginal drug testing as shown in this
      study should allow optimal medical therapy for patients with chronic ischemic
      heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442005
TI  - Different effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on myocardial blood flow and
      metabolism.

PMID- 6442006
TI  - Glyceryltrinitrate as a problem in industry.
AB  - Workers engaged in manufacture and use of dynamite experience acute toxic
      reactions with headache during work, weakness at the end of the working day,
      tachycardia and hypotension. Sudden death has been reported in dynamite workers
      after 2-4 days freedom of exposure, possibly due to rebound vasoconstriction
      resulting in acute hypertension or myocardial ischemia. In the present study 12
      volunteers were examined before and during GTN exposure. Most of them experienced
      headache during work, and a slight but significant rise in heart rate and a fall
      in systolic blood pressure was found. In serial blood samples from cubital vein
      very high concentrations of GTN were detected. These high values can be explained
      by local absorption through the skin of the hand and the lower arm, and do not
      reflect the mixed venous plasma concentrations. Great interindividual variations
      were found in GTN plasma concentrations during work, probably indicating
      different working habits.

PMID- 6442007
TI  - Antibody against Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Swedish homosexual men.
AB  - Sera of 30 Swedish homosexual men belonging to the group at risk for the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were examined for antibodies against various
      opportunistic parasites. Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in
      33%, to Pneumocystis carinii in 43%, and to Toxoplasma gondii in 37%. The results
      indicate that E. cuniculi might be transmitted among homosexual men.

PMID- 6442008
TI  - Fatal aplastic anaemia associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - A 21-yr-old woman developed aplastic anaemia 10 weeks after an episode of non-A,
      non-B hepatitis. Supportive treatment was given but she progressively
      deteriorated and died about 7 months after the onset of aplasia.

PMID- 6442009
TI  - The use of beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of septicaemia and
      endocarditis.
AB  - Despite the availability of numerous beta-lactam antibiotics, benzylpenicillin
      remains the most important beta-lactam antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial
      endocarditis. Penicillin alone and in combination with an aminoglycoside is
      effective in the treatment of endocarditis due to all streptococci, Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus aprophilus,
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Listeria
      monocytogenes. Oral phenoxymethylpenicillin in combination with streptomycin is
      effective in treating endocarditis due to viridans streptococci. Ampicillin is
      effective in endocarditis due to Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, H.
      paraphrophilus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Oral amoxicillin
      with gentamicin has been used to treat enterococcal endocarditis. The
      penicillinase-resistant penicillins are effective in treating S. aureus
      endocarditis. Carbenicillin or ticarcillin in combination with tobramycin or
      gentamicin are used to treat endocarditis due to Serratia marcescens and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The use of piperacillin in combination with tobramycin
      against P. aeruginosa endocarditis has been associated with failure and increased
      resistance. The cephalosporins have been used to treat endocarditis caused by
      susceptible organisms. There have been few data on the efficacy of the newer
      cephalosporins in treating endocarditis. They have been used to treat septicaemia
      due to susceptible organisms with good results.

PMID- 6442010
TI  - Determination of antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay I. Factors in the assay.

PMID- 6442011
TI  - Determination of antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay II. Serum antibody in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.

PMID- 6442012
TI  - Behaviour of persistent organochlorine micropollutants during primary
      sedimentation of waste water.
AB  - The removal of polychlorinated biphenyls and the organochlorine insecticides
      gamma-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin during primary sedimentation of raw sewage
      has been studied using a pilot plant facility. A matrix of sixteen experiments
      was performed, where the pilot plant was operated at four different hydraulic
      loadings with four different influent suspended solids loadings. Significant
      removals of micropollutants into the primary sludge were observed, although no
      particular relationship with the removal of suspended solids was evident. It is
      concluded that a proportion of the organic microcontaminants present in raw
      sewage were associated with non-settleable solids and were also in the dissolved
      form. The significance of the behaviour of organochlorine micropollutants in
      waste water treatment processes and the hydrological cycle are discussed in the
      context of water re-use operations.

PMID- 6442013
TI  - Thoracic vertebral erosion secondary to an intrathoracic meningocele in a patient
      with neurofibromatosis. A case report.

PMID- 6442014
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to human tissue plasminogen activator.
AB  - Hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody IgG1 to one-chain tissue plasminogen
      activator (t-PA) derived from human melanoma cells was obtained by fusion of
      mouse myeloma cells (SP-1) and spleen cells of mice previously immunized with
      purified t-PA. The monoclonal antibody reacted only with t-PA derived from the
      human melanoma cells (Bowes), and not with plasminogen activator purified from
      porcine heart or from human urine. The monoclonal antibody obtained from mouse
      ascites demonstrated 50 times stronger antibody activity than that of polyclonal
      antibody obtained from mouse serum. The monoclonal antibody bound t-PA firmly,
      inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of t-PA, but did not inhibit the amidolytic
      activity of t-PA completely. The fibrin-binding ability of t-PA was not
      inhibited. The binding of monoclonal antibody to the non-reduced form of t-PA did
      not differ from that to the reduced form of t-PA.

PMID- 6442015
TI  - von Willebrand Factor/Factor VIII adsorption to surfaces from human plasma.
AB  - The adsorption of human von Willebrand factor/factor VIII (VWF/VIII) from
      citrated plasma to a series of polymeric surfaces and glass was measured with
      both prelabelled 125I VWF/VIII and an 125I antibody to VWF/VIII. Adsorption to
      the various surfaces differed but was generally quite low (0.24 to 6.5 ng/cm2).
      Results from both techniques agreed well. The relationship between VWF/VIII
      adsorption and the thrombogenicity of the surfaces was examined but no clear
      trend could be discerned. Further studies will therefore be required to determine
      whether the variation in VWF/VIII adsorption influences the thrombogenicity of
      the surfaces.

PMID- 6442016
TI  - [Opocephalic triocephalus in a calf].
AB  - This describes the malformation in the skull of a newborn calf. The facial bones
      are missing, the ears seem to be placed at the upper end of the neck. One single
      eye is placed on a pillar in the middle, which is about five centimeters long,
      protruding forward; the mouth, which has the shape of an anus-like opening, is
      beneath the eye.

PMID- 6442017
TI  - [Critical evaluation of quantitative immunoglobulin determination in the calf].
AB  - From 3 calves fed with a single limited amount of colostrum 68 blood serum
      samples were tested comparatively by single radial immunodiffusion (RID) and by
      nephelometry for their IgG1-, IgA- and IgM-content. In comparison with
      nephelometry the commercial available RID kits seemed to be insufficient due to
      deficient agarose plates, difficulties in diluting, and weak reference sera. The
      results obtained by RID, therefore, were not comparable with those obtained by
      nephelometry which should be optimized, too.

PMID- 6442018
TI  - [White-light curing of composite materials].

PMID- 6442019
TI  - [Periodontology. And now--what can I do?].

PMID- 6442020
TI  - [Elution test to determine the presence of extractable components of filling
      materials].

PMID- 6442021
TI  - Carbohydrate malabsorption in children with severe protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - To determine the incidence of carbohydrate malabsorption, particularly lactose
      malabsorption in Basotho children with severe PEM during treatment with a dry
      skim milk (DSM)-sucrose-oil mixture, 105 children with PEM were submitted to a
      Hydrogen Breath Test (HBT) after administration of the mixture. Carbohydrate
      malabsorption occurred more frequently in children with kwashiorkor (28/58) than
      in those with marasmus (5/33), marasmic kwashiorkor (3/15) and healthy controls
      (8/34). The positive HBT appeared to be due to lactose malabsorption in at least
      two thirds of the children with kwashiorkor as it turned negative when the
      challenge was repeated with a lactosefree mixture. In controls malabsorption of
      carbohydrate (usually lactose) appeared at the age of 22 months, nearly a year
      later than in PEM. Diarrhoea occurred in 23 children with PEM and particularly in
      those with carbohydrate malabsorption. In 20 children Giardia was found in the
      stools without any observable effect on carbohydrate malabsorption, however. The
      findings support the cautious use of physiological doses of lactose in the
      treatment of severe PEM.

PMID- 6442022
TI  - [Ultrastructure and cytochemical indices of lymphocytes from donors immunized
      with the rhesus-system antigen D(RhO)].
AB  - Distinctive metabolic and ultrastructural features have been found in peripheral
      blood lymphocytes of the donors underwent immunization with D(RhO) antigen. The
      degree of changes in the lymphocytes correlated well with the extent of immune
      responsiveness to the antigen in question.

PMID- 6442023
TI  - [Alpha heavy chain disease in the presence of a monomeric IgM without excretion
      of abnormal immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6442024
TI  - [Chemical mediators of asthma. Current knowledge].

PMID- 6442025
TI  - [Immunoglobulin profile of the asthmatic child].

PMID- 6442026
TI  - [Evaluation of basic treatment of asthmatic disease. Apropos of 150 cases].

PMID- 6442027
TI  - A comparative study of ELISA and other methods for the detection of Brucella
      antibodies in bovine sera.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using beta-galactosidase and a
      fluorigenic substrate, was used for the detection of antibodies to Brucella
      abortus in bovine sera. Among 677 animals from 9 brucellosis-free herds, none
      reacted in the ELISA. Among 785 animals from 23 brucellosis-infected herds, 336
      were positive in ELISA, 229 in the slow agglutination test (SAT), 185 in the
      complement fixation test (CFT), and 165 in the Rose-Bengal test (RBT).
      Experimental infections were conducted with two B. abortus strains. Al slaughter
      on day 101, after intraconjunctival infection of heifers with B. abortus strain
      19 organisms, 3 animals were positive in the SAT, 3 in the CFT, 4 in the RBT and
      11 in the ELISA, and Brucella organisms could be cultivated from 10 animals;
      among these, 2 scored positive in the SAT, 3 in the CFT, 3 in the RBT and 8 in
      the ELISA test. Seventeen heifers were infected with organisms of B. abortus
      strain 2308. On day 101, 11 heifers were found to be carriers, all of which
      yielded positive results in the CFT, RBT and ELISA tests, but not in the SAT.

PMID- 6442028
TI  - Evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the detection of cattle
      infected with Brucella abortus.
AB  - One group of 51 cattle was vaccinated with B. abortus S19 (S19) and a further 51
      cattle were vaccinated with B. abortus S45/20 (S45/20). Forty-eight cattle (24
      from each group) and a control group of 12 cattle were subsequently challenged
      with B. abortus S544. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to
      detect specific IgG and IgM antibodies in these groups. All cattle vaccinated
      with S19 had high levels of IgG and IgM, but the S45/20 vaccine produced
      detectable antibody in only a few cattle. In those cattle where the challenge
      induced infection, the mean levels of IgG and IgM were much higher than those of
      the uninfected cattle in the same groups. When the isolation of B. abortus was
      compared at slaughter with the serological results, the ELISA, when used to
      detect specific IgG, was more sensitive but less specific than the serum
      agglutination test, complement fixation test and indirect haemolysis test, and
      more sensitive and more specific than the Rose Bengal test.

PMID- 6442029
TI  - A protective antigen for turkeys purified froma type 1 strain of Pasteurella
      multocida.
AB  - A protective antigen was purified from a saline extract of a Type 1 strain of
      Pasteurella multocida by chromatographic methods, and its chemical and
      immunological characteristics were studied. Three proteins peaks were obtained
      from crude extract by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200. A bacteria-specific
      antigen was detected only in the first peak fraction, which, after passing
      through an immunoabsorbent column to remove any components originating from the
      growth medium, was absorbed onto DEAE-cellulose followed by elution with a
      gradient of NaCl. From the first peak fraction of the gel filtration, 4 protein
      peaks were obtained, the second and third peaks being the major ones.
      Carbohydrate/protein ratios of the peak fractions varied from 0.06 to 1.0. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that 2 proteins of
      molecular weights 44 000 and 25 000 were present in all the fractions. The 4 DEAE
      cellulose fractions (DP-1 to DP-4) contained a single antigenically identical
      material, and induced protective immunity in turkeys against challenge exposure.
      The second peak fraction from DEAE-cellulose (DP-2) protected turkeys when
      subcutaneously injected as 2 doses of 10 micrograms protein with a 14-day
      interval between doses. The DP-2 fraction induced antibodies in rabbits which
      formed a single precipitin line against the crude extract. The purified antigen
      (DP-2) from a Type 1 strain was antigenically distinct from a similar antigen
      purified from a Type 3 strain; there was no significant cross protection in
      turkeys between the 2 antigens. These results indicate that protective antigens
      purified from soluble extracts of a Type 1 or Type 3 strain possess similar
      physicochemical properties, but that they are immunologically distinct from each
      other.

PMID- 6442030
TI  - Uptake of antibodies in gram-negative bacteria exposed to EDTA-Tris.
AB  - Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid disodium salt (3.22 mM) and Tris
      (hydroxymethyl aminomethane) (50 mM) was found to cause potentiation of
      antibiotic actions and/or increased uptake of antibiotics when assessed by
      bacterial inhibition kinetic studies and uptake of radiolabeled antibiotics.
      Solutions of EDTA-Tris potentiate the effect of tetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin
      and penicillin when reacted with Escherichia coli. A similar effect was observed
      for tetracycline when incubated with Proteus vulgaris and penicillin,
      chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin and tetracycline when incubated with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These effects were noted by decreasing bacterial counts
      in the bacterial inhibition kinetic studies and increased uptake of radiolabeled
      antibiotics.

PMID- 6442032
TI  - [Role of movements in the psychomotor development of younger children in
      nurseries].

PMID- 6442031
TI  - Preparation, assessment and preservation of antigen from Brucella abortus strain
      45/20 for use in the rough antigen complement fixation test.
AB  - Two methods of extraction were used to prepare antigens from Brucella abortus
      rough strain 45/20. The antigens were assessed for use in the complement fixation
      test. A suitable antigen was prepared using the saline extraction method of
      Miller et al. (1976) and used extensively in CF tests. Four methods of
      preservation were compared; -20 degrees C, -196 degrees C, 0.5% phenol at 4
      degrees C, and lyophilisation. The antigen could be stored at -20 degrees C or 
      196 degrees C for up to 2 years.

PMID- 6442033
TI  - [Ultrasonic treatment of Peyronie's disease].

PMID- 6442034
TI  - [Aspects of the program activities in nurseries in Arad].

PMID- 6442035
TI  - [Rational nutrition for the preschooler].

PMID- 6442036
TI  - [Recuperation of patients with chronic significant digestive diseases].

PMID- 6442037
TI  - [Interaction of methylmethacrylate and acrylamide with the microsomal oxidation
      system of the rat liver].
AB  - A complex, exhibiting the maximal absorption at 385-388 nm and minimal at 414-420
      nm, was formed after interaction between cytochrome P-450 and methylmethacrylate
      and acrylamide at 5 mM concentration. Acrylamide at concentrations higher than 6
      mM induced the formation of modified type 11 differential spectra with maxima at
      418 nm and minima at 385 nm. Methylmethacrylate and acrylamide stimulated
      utilization of NADPH and inhibited hydroxylation of 3,4-benzpyrene.
      Methylmethacrylate inhibited also N-demethylation of aminopyrine. After treatment
      of rats with the monomers activities of cytochromes P-450, b5 and NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase were unaltered. Methylmethacrylate and acrylamide appear
      to interact with the microsomal oxidative system.

PMID- 6442038
TI  - [Immunological study of the identity of cytochrome P-448 in the mouse and rat
      liver after induction with 3-methylcholanthrene].
AB  - As shown by means of Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion technique after induction
      with 3-methyl cholanthrene the antibodies towards cytochrome P-448 from rat liver
      tissue developed a clear-cut precipitation line with homologous antigen and
      interacted also with cytochrome P-448 from mice liver tissue although the
      precipitation was less distinct. Antibodies towards mice liver cytochrome P-448
      reacted also with the rat liver cytochrome P-448 but less distinctly as compared
      with the mice cytochrome. At the same time, these antibodies inhibited similarly
      the benz(a)-pyrene-hydroxylase reaction, catalyzed by both mice and rat
      cytochromes P-448. Partial immunological identity appears to occur in the
      cytochromes studied. Role of total antigenic determinants in enzymatic reactions
      catalyzed by cytochrome P-448 is discussed.

PMID- 6442039
TI  - [Chemiluminescence of thrombocytes in thrombin-induced aggregation].
AB  - Chemoluminescence induced by thrombin and aggregation of thrombocytes as well as
      effect of aspirin on the reactions were studied. Intensity of thrombin-induced
      chemoluminescence correlated with accumulation of malonic dialdehyde and
      hydroperoxides in cells. Chemoluminescence of thrombocytes appears to occur after
      the thrombin stimulation of cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid oxidation
      in cells.

PMID- 6442040
TI  - [Characteristics of oxidative metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract during
      adaptation of the rat to high temperatures].
AB  - Dynamic alterations in total respiratory metabolism, tissue respiration in
      various parts of gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and phosphorylating activity
      in mitochondria isolated from small intestinal mucosa were studied in rats,
      maintained during 30 days under conditions of high environmental temperature.
      Moderately high temperature caused a distinct redistribution of functional
      activity among various parts of gastrointestinal tract. A decrease in total
      respiratory metabolism occurred partially due to a decrease in tissue
      respiration, suggesting various role of these tissues in total body metabolism.
      Mitochondrial oxidation changed from alpha-ketoglutarate to succinate pathway
      depending on duration of the heat treatment. Higher temperatures caused a
      decrease in the mitochondrial respiration rate uncoupling of oxidative
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 6442041
TI  - [Effect of vitamin A excess and T-2 toxin on the enzyme system activities of the
      second phase of xenobiotic metabolism in the rat liver].
AB  - Oral administration of retinyl palmitate to young Wistar rats during 7 days
      (70,000 IU of vitamin A per 100 g of body weight daily) caused a decrease in the
      liver UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathione transferase activities and a
      significant decrease in the liver glutathione-SH content. A single administration
      of T-2 toxin (3 mg per kg of body weight) to rats after the treatment with high
      doses of vitamin A was accompanied by an increase in T-2 toxicity. The rat
      mortality was doubled and the decrease in UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and
      glutathione transferase activities was more distinct as compared with the rats
      treated with T-2 toxin only. Vitamin A excess appears to decrease the phase II
      drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and glutathione-SH content in rat liver
      tissue. Excess of vitamin A may be responsible for an increase of T-2 toxicity in
      rats.

PMID- 6442042
TI  - [Rate of elimination of human high-density lipoproteins after their intravenous
      administration in rabbits by the loss of alpha- cholesterol and apoprotein A-1].
AB  - Native HDL, HDL2 or HDL3, isolated from donor plasma were intravenously
      administered at a large dose (100 mg HDL cholesterol) to healthy rabbits and
      rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia. The elimination rate of human HDL
      was studied on the basis of alpha-cholesterol (alpha-Ch) and apoprotein (apo) A-I
      determinations in the plasma of rabbits. Administration of HDL or their
      subclasses at a large dose with the following determination of alpha-Ch or apo A
      I enabled to avoid the use of radioactive label and all the methodological errors
      connected with the latter. After administration of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 their
      elimination according to alpha-Ch determination occurred at the higher rate as
      compared with apo A-I. Elimination of the total HDL fraction according to alpha
      Ch determination was higher in healthy rabbits than in animals with
      hypercholesterolemia while the elimination estimated by the apo A-I determination
      was similar in both groups of animals. These data suggest that HDL may
      characterize the Ch-donor properties. Apo A-I as compared with alpha-Ch was a
      more accurate indicator of HDL concentration in blood plasma.

PMID- 6442043
TI  - [Effectiveness of using corvaton on patients with unstable stenocardia].

PMID- 6442044
TI  - [Detection of the antigens of the virus of Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever by
      solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis and by the indirect hemagglutination reaction].
AB  - From a batch of immunoglobulin to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, an
      immunosorbent and a conjugate with peroxidase (RZ-2.7) for solid-phase enzyme
      immunoassay (EIA) as well as erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for indirect
      hemagglutination test (IHA) were obtained. Direct EIA and IHA were used to study
      the time course of accumulation of virus antigen in brain tissue of newborn white
      mice. Antigen titres by EIA were 4-8 times as low as by IHA. No functional
      relationship was found between antibody titres and those of infectious virus.

PMID- 6442045
TI  - [EEG and the neurological status of patients on chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 6442046
TI  - Purified complex of factor VIII coagulant moiety and phospholipid: high factor
      VIII coagulant activity in factor VIII inhibitor plasma.
AB  - A complex of factor VIII coagulant moiety and phospholipid was purified by means
      of immunoadsorbent chromatography of factor VIII concentrate and consecutive
      dissociation of the immobilized factor VIII complex by human placental
      phospholipid (Fibraccel). The complex of factor VIII coagulant moiety and
      phospholipid displayed factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII C) and factor VIII
      coagulant antigen (VIII C:Ag), but no factor VIII related antigen (VIII R:Ag).
      When incubated with factor VIII inhibitor plasma, the complex of factor VIII
      coagulant moiety and phospholipid exerted higher factor VIII coagulant activity
      than native factor VIII complex, and than purified factor VIII coagulant moiety
      alone. Our results prove that in activated prothrombin complex concentrates a
      complex of factor VIII coagulant moiety and phospholipid is the active mechanism
      exerting procoagulant activity in factor VIII inhibitor plasma.

PMID- 6442047
TI  - [The legal basis of blood transfusion].
AB  - Blood transfusion is a procedure in which it is incumbent on the attendant doctor
      to undertake appropriate enlightenment of the patient, obtain the patient's
      consent, define the precise indications and perform the task with technical
      proficiency. The doctor undertaking blood transfusion must be acquainted with the
      legal basis for these responsibilities and be aware of the legal aspects which
      free him from these obligations in exceptional cases. Since the urgency of
      transfusion varies from case to case the following classification is proposed:
      normal cases, special cases and emergency cases. In view of the lack of legal
      guiding principles, the "3-stage cross-match test" in saline and albumin milieu,
      as well as in the Coombs test is recommended, in accordance with the provisions
      existing in Switzerland, the Federal Republic of Germany and in France. The
      procedure to be used in emergency cases is discussed. Moreover, advice is given
      in the event of fatal complications on the basis of a discussion of the causative
      factors and legal consequences involved in 21 cases which came to autopsy by
      order of the coroner.

PMID- 6442048
TI  - [Intracellular gold content of circulating blood cells using various gold
      compounds].
AB  - Evidence on the action mechanisms of gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis is still inconclusive. The intracellular localization of the place of
      action is likely. Therefore not only the serum gold levels but also the
      intracellular concentration of gold are of special interest. We measured the gold
      concentration in the serum and in the blood cells after in vitro application of
      aurothiomalate (Tauredon), gold keratinate (Auro-Detoxin) and triethylphosphine
      gold (Ridaura) and in blood samples of patients undergoing these gold salts
      treatments. Cell-bound concentrations were found to vary extensively as a
      function of the gold compound used. While no or very little gold was present
      intracellularly after administration of the 2 parenteral drugs, up to 40% of the
      circulating gold was found to bind to the cells after administration of the
      triethylphosphine compound for gastro-intestinal absorption. The red cell
      concentration was more or less the same as that in the extracellular compartment.
      Gold apparently accumulated in the white cells, because the cell-bound
      concentration relative to unit volume was up to 20 times higher than the plasma
      level. The method used did not offer any information on the actual binding site
      of gold in white cells, i.e. cytoplasm versus nucleus versus cell membrane.

PMID- 6442049
TI  - [The detection of gold atoms in lymphocyte and erythrocyte chromatin following
      therapy with 2 different gold compounds in patients with chronic polyarthritis].

PMID- 6442050
TI  - [Mechanism of action of gold compounds].
AB  - The mechanisms of action of gold salts are still poorly understood. While
      Auranofin (AF) has a direct anti-inflammatory action in animal models, Myochrysin
      (MC) has not. Both gold compounds inhibit various enzymes. Among these, lysosomal
      enzymes are of particular interest. Gold is known to accumulate in the lysosomes,
      and gold salts modulate certain macrophage functions in the immune system. The
      role of organic gold salt ligands containing, like D-penicillamine, a thiol group
      is still unclear. Positive data characterizing responders versus nonresponders
      are not yet available. As in other clinically heterogeneous diseases, medical
      action has mainly been based on clinical empiricism which, although resting on
      false premises, has helped to find a comparatively efficacious treatment. In
      fact, the proposals for further studies to shed light on the mode of action
      presented here may equally be ill conceived. However, these studies would at
      least expand our understanding of rheumatoid arthritis and thus be beneficial in
      the long run.

PMID- 6442051
TI  - [Parenteral gold therapy (Tauredon) in chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - Between 1972 and 1983, 519 patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to ARA
      criteria underwent basic antirheumatic treatment with Tauredon (sodium
      aurothiamalate). Patient age was 19 to 78 years, and the disease had been active
      for 6 months to 8 years. Results of treatment were recorded for periods of 14
      days to 8 years. After a test dose of 10 mg intramuscular, patients received
      weekly injections of 20 to 50 mg for 4 to 6 months and were subsequently placed
      on a maintenance dose of 50 mg at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks for years. Clinical
      examinations and laboratory tests were scheduled at weekly intervals in the first
      month of treatment, at 2-weekly intervals in the next two months and subsequently
      once every month. In the first years of this trial (up to 1975) response to
      treatment was evaluated by the criteria reported by Fahndrich [2] and
      Steinbrocker [10]. Later Ritchie's joint index [6], laboratory parameters
      (sedimentation rate, CRP and alpha 2 globulin) as well as the consumption of non
      steroidal antirheumatics and corticosteroids were equally used. Results were
      found to be excellent to good in 316 patients (= 60.8%) and satisfactory in 104
      (= 20.1%). 99 patients (= 19.1%) were rated as failures. The drug was well
      tolerated in 391 cases (= 75.37%), but had to be withdrawn in 128 (= 24.6%)
      because of side effects. Among these, cutaneous and mucosal symptoms, which
      occurred in 70 patients (= 13.47% of the total), were most prominent. Serious
      side effects were absent throughout.

PMID- 6442052
TI  - [Experiences to date with oral gold therapy].
AB  - Auranofin is the first oral gold therapy known to be effective at relatively low
      toxicities. Extensive clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis have recently been
      complemented by first experiences in juvenile chronic polyarthritis. For the time
      being, the drug should, therefore, be confined to these conditions. It is not
      indicated in ankylosing spondylitis and in other seronegative arthropathies.
      Indications mainly include failure of antimalarials, early erosive arthropathies
      and contraindication of injection therapy. The drug may also be used as an
      alternative to intramuscular gold, but should not be administered to responders
      to other chronic antirheumatics and in late or end-stage disease.

PMID- 6442053
TI  - [Auranofin in the treatment of chronic polyarthritis. Results of an open
      multicenter study].
AB  - Auranofin (Ridaura SK and F 39 162) was tested in an open multicenter study with
      regard to its anti-inflammatory effect in 166 patients suffering from rheumatoid
      arthritis. The time for treatment lasted for one or two years. The therapeutic
      effect of the drug was judged by its influence on pain, joint swelling, morning
      stiffness, grip strength, blood-sedimentation rate and rheumatoid factor etc. The
      serum gold concentration was measured regularly. With Auranofin the majority of
      the patients achieved a lasting improvement of the condition. The therapeutical
      effect was observed gradually. Side-effects were frequent but removal from the
      therapy was rare. Most of the side-effects were diarrhea, rash, pruritus and
      conjunctivitis. Regular laboratory controls revealed in some cases toxic organic
      reactions.

PMID- 6442054
TI  - [Indications and contraindications for systemic gold therapy].
AB  - At the current state of the art a comparison of gold salts and other therapeutic
      modalities in terms of their risk-benefit ratios clearly shows chrysotherapy to
      have a place in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis. Factors supporting
      the use of gold salts as base-line drugs for active rheumatoid arthritis include
      the extensive experience accumulated with chrysotherapy as a basic antirheumatoid
      treatment and the potential of gold salts to halt joint destruction. The
      application of gold salts in the treatment of juvenile chronic polyarthritis and
      psoriatic arthritis rests on the same rationale. Further studies are needed to
      establish the place of gold salts in ankylosing spondylitis and chronic Reiter's
      syndrome. Contraindications include diseases of organs likely to be the site of
      disastrous side effects on gold administration as well as disseminated lupus
      erythematosus and arthritis in the presence of colitis. Experiences with systemic
      gold therapy will, no doubt, be expanded in many a respect by the availability of
      an oral dosage form. Whatever the indication of gold salts a thorough
      understanding of clinical rheumatology, a complete mastery of the technique and
      consistent, meticulous patient monitoring are paramount if treatment is to be
      beneficial.

PMID- 6442055
TI  - [Multicenter double-blind comparison of auranofin and Tauredon].
AB  - A multicenter double-blind comparative study with auranofin (Ridaura) and Na-auro
      thiomalate (Tauredon) was carried out in order to investigate under controlled
      conditions whether the new oral gold compound may be an alternative to injections
      of gold salts. 121 patients were included in the study, data of 86 patients
      treated for at least one year could be analysed. The following parameters were
      examined at regular intervals: number of painful and swollen joints, grip
      strength, morning stiffness, pain and general health on the visual analogue
      scale, ESR; from these data the articular index and activity index (according to
      Lansbury, with slight modifications) were calculated. Blood samples for routine
      safety monitoring and serum gold levels as well as urine tests were obtained
      regularly. Both treatment groups showed similar improvement in the values for
      efficacy measurements after one year, starting within 8 to 12 weeks. Patients in
      the auranofin group with a disease duration of less than 2 years showed greater
      improvement in the values for efficacy assessment with the exception of grip
      strength and the number of tender joints than patients with a disease duration of
      2 years or more. No such trend was seen in the Tauredon-subgroups. Numerous side
      effects were recorded in both groups: 89.7% of the patients on Tauredon and 68.8%
      of the patients on auranofin had observed one symptom during the course of one
      year. There was a clear distinction concerning the nature of side effects:
      mucocutaneous symptoms, especially rash and pruritus, were approximately twice as
      common with Tauredon, whereas diarrhoea was much more frequent in patients
      treated with auranofin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442056
TI  - [Undesirable effects of gold therapy].
AB  - In about 20 to 30% of patients receiving intramuscular gold salts untoward side
      effects of variable severity are known to occur with resultant discontinuation of
      treatment in a high percentage of cases to be on the safe side. Among the most
      common, albeit harmless side-effects are those affecting the skin and the mucous
      membranes. These are followed by renal symptoms. Grave complications affecting
      the hemopoietic system (leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia) are
      rarely seen. Other potential side effects (pulmonary fibrosis, liver damage,
      neuropathies, vasomotor reactions, loss of hair, nail changes) are extremely
      uncommon or no more than anecdotal). Meticulous follow-ups at regular intervals
      are imperative to minimize the associated risks.

PMID- 6442057
TI  - [Comparison of oral and parenteral gold therapy--review of the literature].
AB  - Numerous open and placebo-controlled trials have shown Auranofin, an oral gold
      salt, to be effective in the base-line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In
      comparative trials the drug was found to be somewhat less potent than sodium
      aurothiomalate. Whether it is equal or superior to other base-line
      antirheumatoids like D-penicillamine or antimalarials, can as yet not be
      established because of the small patient groups involved in the published trials.
      While adequately effective clinically, oral gold salts, like their parenteral
      counterparts, do not halt the radiological progression of rheumatoid lesions.
      Overall, Auranofin is much better tolerated than the parenteral gold salts,
      although soft feces are more commonly seen and diarrhea may occur occasionally.
      Skin rashes as well as proteinuria and thrombocytopenia have been reported in
      some instances so that, as during parenteral treatment, laboratory studies at
      regular intervals are mandatory. On account of its oral dosage form and its low
      side-effect rate Auranofin is a true alternative to conventional parenteral gold
      salt therapy.

PMID- 6442058
TI  - [Preliminary results of oral gold treatment with auranofin following lack of
      success of intramuscular gold therapy].

PMID- 6442059
TI  - [HLA antigens and side effects of gold and D-penicillamine in chronic
      polyarthritis].

PMID- 6442060
TI  - [Distribution of gold from aurothiomalate and gold trielthylphosphine in whole
      blood, lymphocytes and lymphocyte chromatin of patients with chronic
      polyarthritis].

PMID- 6442061
TI  - [Kidney tubular injury in the use of sodium aurothiomalate and its detection by
      determination of urinary beta-2-microglobulin].

PMID- 6442062
TI  - [The pharmacology of gold compounds].
AB  - Parenterally administered gold compounds have been used for decades for treatment
      of rheumatoid arthritis. The new gold compound triethylphosphine gold (auranofin)
      can be partially absorbed in the gut following oral administration due to its
      higher lipophilic nature. This is probably also the main cause for the
      differences in kinetic properties versus the parenteral gold compounds. Following
      administration of auranofin, there are lower concentrations of gold in blood and
      organs; 95% of the gold is excreted in feces whereas 70% of gold, following gold
      sodium thiomalate, is excreted in the urine. These differences have consequences
      for the mode of adverse reactions. A common property of all gold compounds,
      however, is the relative distribution in organs. The highest concentrations of
      gold were found in the reticuloendothelial system, in liver, kidney and spleen,
      followed by joints. The mode of action of gold compounds is still unexplained.
      They inhibit some types of experimental inflammation and the activity of various
      cells involved in inflammatory processes. In some cases auranofin exerts a higher
      influence. Following incorporation of gold in lysosomes, the impairment of
      macrophage function appears to be most important. This effect probably influences
      (indirectly) the immune system since macrophages interact with T- and B
      lymphocytes. The significance of these findings for the therapeutic effect of
      gold compounds is, however, not known. The rate of undesirable effects of gold
      compounds is very high requiring exact supervision during chrysotherapy. Mucosal
      and cutaneous reactions are very frequent, followed by proteinuria, diarrhea and
      thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aplasia is most serious but relatively
      rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442064
TI  - Advances in malaria chemotherapy. Report of a WHO Scientific group.

PMID- 6442063
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities and therapy in the acute phase of myocardial infarct].
AB  - An analysis is given for the differential therapeutical drug treatment in the
      acute phase of myocardial infarction. In first line the correction of hemodynamic
      disorders is taken into consideration following an exact diagnosis of hemodynamic
      dysfunction. On that basis different subgroups can be identified. In 5% of the
      patients exists a hypoperfusion. The therapy of choice is a substitution of
      volume. 25% of the patients with an acute myocardial infarction develop acute
      left ventricular failure, with a mortality of 40 to 50%. The treatment of choice
      in patients with clinical signs of congestion of the lungs but normal cardiac
      output will be diuretics and vasodilators. In patients with global insufficiency
      afterload reduction with vasodilators and/or stimulation with positive inotropic
      substances such as catecholamines has proven successful. Cardiac glycosides have
      lost their place in the treatment of acute but not of chronic cardiac failure.
      The use of intraaortic counterpulsation will be reserved for patients with
      mechanical complications.

PMID- 6442065
TI  - Malaria control as part of primary health care. Report of a WHO Study group.

PMID- 6442066
TI  - Prevention methods and programmes for oral diseases. Report of a WHO Expert
      Committee.

PMID- 6442067
TI  - [Preventive infection medicine].

PMID- 6442068
TI  - [Anterior horn syndrome (spinal muscular atrophy) in Waldenstrom's disease].

PMID- 6442069
TI  - [Long-term drug therapy of arterial hypertension including patient compliance].

PMID- 6442070
TI  - [Lung function disorders in obesity].
AB  - For the pulmonary assessment of obesity or lung diseases in extremely obese
      persons the pathophysiological alterations and their consequences for assessment
      of pulmonary function are described. The review includes also own results.

PMID- 6442071
TI  - [Long-term treatment with coumarin preparations in advanced age].
AB  - It is reported on the occurrence of haemorrhagic complications at old age in
      patients treated with coumarin. Altogether 352 patients were examined, 96 of them
      were older than 70 years. A small part of the patients, above all men with
      obliterating vascular occlusions of the lower extremity were additionally given
      also thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors. The effective prothrombin level was
      nearly the same in the two, groups, i.e. in the patients younger and older than
      70 years. There was no difference in frequency and severity of the haemorrhages
      with the exception of macrohaematuria which, however, appeared above all in the
      younger age group and in women older than 70 years. Under observation of the
      indications and with a regular control a long-term treatment with coumarin
      preparations can performed without any particular risk also at old age.

PMID- 6442072
TI  - [Exacerbation reaction to a sublingual penicillin test].

PMID- 6442073
TI  - [Psychological factors in accident trauma convalescence].

PMID- 6442074
TI  - [Central talus fractures (treatment, results, prognosis)].

PMID- 6442075
TI  - [Problems with compound fractures with extensive defects of the lower part of the
      tibia].

PMID- 6442076
TI  - [Computerized tomography in abdominal trauma].

PMID- 6442077
TI  - [Problems in the treatment of buttonhole injuries].

PMID- 6442078
TI  - [Post-traumatic anterior and posterior compartment syndrome in clinically
      "uninjured" lower legs].

PMID- 6442079
TI  - [Modern aspects of enteral and parenteral feeding of newly operated patients].
AB  - In a decisive degree the modern trophotherapy further the decrease of the
      lethality from operation and of the rate of postoperative complications. In the
      differential indication between parenteral and enteral nutrition at present an
      international change takes place. The early enteral nutrition after operative
      interventions of medium severity is a real alternative to the parenteral
      nutrition. Therapy concepts for the balanced nutrition of newly operated patients
      are presented. The intake of nutrition via small intestine is less dangerous than
      via veins and is clearly more economical.

PMID- 6442080
TI  - [Significance of the EEG for various classifications of epilepsies. Results in
      856 epileptic children].
AB  - Although the Heidelberg classification is based on the phenomenology of fits,
      some EEG findings already imply certain epileptic syndromes. These are almost
      exclusively epilepsies with age-bound minor fits in which generalised peak
      potentials with characteristic morphology can be demonstrated. In Doose's
      classification, focal findings moreover mean the co-ordination to types of fits
      that are either focal or due to a focus. Focal findings in the EEG were more
      frequently found with a statistical high significance in epilepsies with focal or
      psychomotor fits and in Grand mal of a focal genesis. The co-ordination to the
      forms of the epileptic course of the International Classification is also carried
      out according to the morphology of generalised peak potentials and according to
      the presence or absence of focal findings and, less important, of general
      changes. As compared with Doose's classification, there are differences in spite
      of the application of the same principles that cannot be overlooked.

PMID- 6442081
TI  - [Etiology of suppurative bacterial meningitis].
AB  - The results of the laboratory examination of 2034 patients with meningococcal
      infection and purulent meningitides, hospitalized during the period of June 1980
      to October 1983, revealed that three main etiological agents were responsible for
      these diseases: meningococci, pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. The
      susceptibility of the patients to different etiological agents was found to
      depend on their age. Children aged up to 3 years constituted 75% of the patients
      with meningitis caused by H. influenzae; 50% of the patients with meningococcal
      infection were children aged up to 5 years; pneumococcal meningitis occurred more
      frequently in adults. Serogroup A meningococci were found to prevail in patients
      with meningococcal infection. Besides, in children serogroup C meningococci could
      be isolated in 24% of cases. Since 1983 the cases of the isolation of strains
      belonging to serogroup B increased in number. Among the pneumococci responsible
      for the disease serotypes 1, 19, 6 and in children serotype 12 occurred most
      frequently.

PMID- 6442082
TI  - [Strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chronic bacterial
      carriers of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella schottmuelleri and from healthy
      persons].
AB  - Fecal samples obtained from 51 chronic carriers of S. typhi and S. schottmuelleri
      and from 35 healthy persons were studied. Strains of different species of
      Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified. The resistance of the isolated
      strains to the most commonly used antibiotics was determined. The fecal samples
      of the carriers were found to yield a greater number of strains than those of the
      healthy persons. Among the strains isolated from the carriers a variety of
      species was noted. S. typhi and S. schottmuelleri strains were found to be
      sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant strains were mostly
      isolated from members of the medical staff.

PMID- 6442083
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the pathological process in a model of acute
      experimental pneumonia in rats caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of
      various origin].
AB  - The experimental model of acute pneumonia induced by the intratracheal
      inoculation of rats with P. aeruginosa strains has been developed; the use of
      this model permits the quantitative evaluation of the contamination of
      respiratory organs with this microorganism, as well as the development of schemes
      for the antimicrobial therapy of P. aeruginosa infection. The correlation between
      the severity of experimental pneumonia induced by P. aeruginosa and the
      production of pathogenicity factors by these microorganisms has been revealed.

PMID- 6442084
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes and mycobacterial antigens in the blood of
      pulmonary tuberculosis patients].
AB  - The level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of patients with
      fibrocavernous tuberculosis and infiltrative tuberculosis has been found to be
      correlated with the dissociation and level of mycobacterial antigens contained in
      CIC. Successful chemotherapy results in the normalization of all the
      characteristics under study.

PMID- 6442085
TI  - [Effect of osmotic diuretics and saluretics on intracranial pressure in
      posttraumatic brain edema].
AB  - The effect of osmotic diuretics (mannite and glimarite, 29 studies), colloid
      osmotic diuretic (algurin, 22 studies), and saluretic (lasix, 58 studies) on
      intracranial pressure (ICP) was studied in 30 patients in the acute period of
      severe craniocerebral injury. It was found that the hypotensive effect of the
      diuretics depended on the state of the water-electrolyte homeostasis, the time of
      medication with the agents, the severity of the patient's condition, and the
      initial ICP. The effect of osmotic diuretics was highest in normoosmia and
      normonatriemia in ICP of 20-45 mm Hg. Medication with osmotic diuretics and
      algurin in the first 2-3 days after the injury as usually attended by the "yield
      phenomenon"; the hypotensive effect of algurin in this period was less manifest.
      The effect of lasix was higher in hyperosmia caused by hypernatriemia but lower
      in patients who were in a terminal and extremely severe state.

PMID- 6442086
TI  - On the co-polymeric structure of dermatan sulfate from normal and transformed 3T3
      fibroblasts in confluent cultures.

PMID- 6442087
TI  - Electron flow and complex formation during cytochrome P-450-catalyzed
      hydroxylation reactions in reconstituted membrane vesicles.

PMID- 6442088
TI  - Favorable effects of glibenclamide in a patient exhibiting idiosyncratic
      hepatotoxic reactions to both chlorpropamide and tolbutamide.
AB  - A middle-aged diabetic woman after four weeks of chlorpropamide treatment
      developed cholestatic hepatitis with systemic manifestations of idiosyncratic
      reaction. After recovery, unintended rechallenge with the same drug induced a
      brisk exacerbation of the symptoms and signs that reversed completely following
      chlorpropamide withdrawal. Tolbutamide medication was subsequently well tolerated
      for several weeks, followed by another flare of cholestatic liver lesion and
      cutaneous eruption with eosinophilia (after each reaction the patient was treated
      with insulin). Eventually glibenclamide (glyburide) was instituted resulting in
      very satisfactory control of diabetes, with no untoward reaction.

PMID- 6442089
TI  - Twin studies of coronary heart disease and its risk factors.
AB  - The ongoing comprehensive study of the updated population-based Norwegian Twin
      Panel (like-sexed twin pairs born since 1915) has already given results of
      interest to the research on coronary heart disease and its risk factors.
      Significantly more dizygotic (DZ) than monozygotic (MZ) pairs are discordant for
      death between 40 and 60 years of age. Presumably, several of the cases must have
      been coronary heart disease deaths. In pairs where both members are alive,
      concordance rate for coronary heart disease before the age of 60 years is
      significantly higher in MZ than in DZ pairs. Concordance rate for reported
      hypertension is significantly higher in MZ than in DZ pairs. These findings are
      compatible with a significant genetic effect on premature death, coronary heart
      disease and hypertension. There is a strong genetic effect on serum level of
      apoB, apoA-I and apoA-II, a weaker effect on cholesterol level and a doubtful
      effect on triglyceride level. Genes belonging to several normal genetic
      polymorphisms may participate in the control of environmentally/dietary caused
      variability in lipid and lipoprotein parameters. The study of MZ twins that was
      conducted to detect these effects holds considerable promise for the detection of
      gene control of many kinds of quantitative parameters. Further work with this
      twin panel may provide more definite answers to several questions raised during
      the present investigation. Application of more sophisticated models for twin
      family analysis on several normal and pathological traits may be very
      informative. Also, this updated Norwegian Twin Panel should in the long run make
      it possible to estimate the predictive value for the second member of a twin pair
      of having a twin contracting coronary heart disease (or any other reasonably
      frequent disease) by a given age. Finally, the subsample that is subjected to
      extensive laboratory analyses will provide useful data for genetic linkage
      analyses since in many cases, offspring of two members of a MZ pair can
      effectively be considered as one single (more informative) sibship.

PMID- 6442090
TI  - Effects of acute ketotic and non-ketotic diabetes on the myocardial muscarinic
      receptors.
AB  - Myocardial membranes from rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin were used to
      determine muscarinic receptors with 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate. In the acute
      state of diabetes, four days after induction, the density of receptors were equal
      in controls, insulin (glucosuria) and non insulin-treated (glucosuria and
      ketonuria) diabetic animals. In myocardial membranes from diabetic rats agonist
      binding to the muscarinic receptor was shifted to higher affinity than in
      controls. Computer modeling revealed that guanine nucleotides transformed agonist
      binding from two sites to a site of low affinity in controls. In membranes from
      insulin-treated diabetic animals the shift to lower affinity occurred but two
      receptor sites remained. In non insulin-treated membranes the nucleotides failed
      to exert any effect. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by the muscarinic agonist
      oxotremorine was amplified in diabetic membranes. This indicates that the
      function of the inhibitory nucleotide binding protein (NI), as reflected by
      agonist binding to the receptor and adenylate cyclase inhibition, is sensitive to
      the hormonal status.

PMID- 6442091
TI  - Degradation to 14CO2 of 4,4'-bis[(2-14C)-ethylsulphonyl]-2,2',5,5'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl.

PMID- 6442092
TI  - Activity and distribution of carbonic anhydrase in the oviduct of the laying hen
      (Gallus domesticus) during egg formation at three different periods in spring and
      summer seasons.
AB  - Investigations were undertaken to study the possible role of oviducal carbonic
      anhydrase during egg shell formation in 108 layers of Babcock-300 strain of three
      age groups of 21-24, 32-36 and 68-72 week old during spring and summer. Eighteen
      layers of each age group were subgrouped in three cyclic positions just after
      oviposition, 4 and 18 hours after oviposition. The distribution of carbonic
      anhydrase was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in shell gland and low in
      isthmus in all the three age groups during both seasons. Carbonic anhydrase
      decreased (P less than 0.01) in summer in all three age groups. It was
      significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in magnum at the 14th h after oviposition
      in all the three age groups in both seasons, which established a new pattern of
      activity. Decreased concentration of the enzyme during the thermal stress period
      might be one of the factors responsible for the thinness of egg shell and for the
      increase in the number of soft shelled eggs.

PMID- 6442093
TI  - Experimental models of anxiety. Problems and perspectives.
AB  - In a brief review of the field of experimental psychopathology, the author
      observes that few adequate laboratory models of anxiety have been produced.
      Criteria to set up valid anxiety models are discussed. The carbon dioxide
      inhalation technique, an anxiomimetic intervention, is then proposed as a new
      human panic attack model and compared to the existing lactate infusion method.
      Both appear as promising agents in the experimental study of panic anxiety.

PMID- 6442094
TI  - [Effect of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine on the antibacterial activity of antibiotics].

PMID- 6442095
TI  - Fibronectin in cryoimmunoglobulinaemias.
AB  - Isolated and washed cryoimmunoglobulins from 15 patients were studied for the
      presence of fibronectin by immunodiffusion tests. Two of the isolated
      cryoglobulins proved to the pure monoclonal immunoglobulins (IgGl kappa and IgGl
      lambda), nine contained both monoclonal IgM kappa and polyclonal IgG and four
      were composed of polyclonal IgG, IgM and IgA by immunoelectrophoresis. Double
      immunodiffusion analysis detected the presence of fibronectin in each of the
      separated cryoimmunoglobulins. In a solid phase radioimmunoassay, I125 labelled
      purified fibronectin proved to bind to isolated human monoclonal myeloma proteins
      of IgGl kappa and IgG3 lambda subclasses. Fibronectin seems to be present not
      only in mixed polyclonal but also in mixed monoclonal-polyclonal and in
      monocomponent cryoimmunoglobulins, and it may be bound to one of the
      immunoglobulin components of the cryoglobulins.

PMID- 6442096
TI  - Non specific immunological response in moderate malnutrition.
AB  - The phagocytic and chemotactic activity of mononuclear leucocytes was assessed
      "in vitro", as were the total complement and component C3 and C4 serum levels, in
      twenty children suffering from moderate primary protein-calorie malnutrition in
      the 6-month to 5-year age group. The results were compared to those from well
      nourished children of the same age and showed a reduction of the non-specific
      immunological response in the malnourished children, due to the intrinsic problem
      of the mononuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 6442097
TI  - Prognostic significance of clinical nodal involvement in patients treated by
      radical radiotherapy for a locally advanced breast cancer.
AB  - A group of 230 female patients, treated between 1960-1976 with radical
      megavoltage radiotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer (T3 greater than 7 cm
      T4 Stage), was analyzed retrospectively. Those with inflammatory cancer or
      evidence of disseminated metastatic disease were excluded. Clinical axillary
      nodal involvement appears to be a very important prognostic feature. Actuarial
      disease-free survival at 5 years for the 109 patients with clinically negative
      nodes (N0N1a) is 52%; whereas it is 28% (p less than 0.001) for the 121 patients
      with clinically involved nodes (N1b, N2-N3). The 5-year survival following
      salvage surgery, which was performed on 92/230 patients (40%), correlated with
      the initial nodal status. It is 62% for the N0 group, but only 27% for those with
      clinically involved nodes. The survival of the 138 (60%) patients who were
      treated by radiotherapy only is similar to that obtained in patients who had
      secondary salvage surgery. This study reinforces the need to stratify patients
      with locally advanced breast cancer according to the initial clinical status of
      the axilla when either therapeutic trials are contemplated or the results of
      treatment are reported. Adjuvant systemic treatment should be strongly considered
      in patients with clinically involved nodes, since the survival obtained by local
      treatment alone is poor.

PMID- 6442098
TI  - Radiation treatment of lateral epilaryngeal cancer. Prognostic factors and
      results.
AB  - Treatment results of epilaryngeal cancer are rarely individualized in the world
      literature. For this purpose, we have reviewed the records of 167 patients with
      squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral epilarynx who received radical
      radiotherapy at the Institut Curie on a megavoltage unit, between 1959-1975. Two
      thirds of the lesions were located at the junction of the ary- and pharyngo
      epiglottic folds and lateral border of the epiglottis. Forty-four percent of
      patients had advanced primary lesions (T3, T4) and over 50% had palpable neck
      nodes at the time of presentation. The absolute survival for the entire patient
      population at 3 and 5 years was 44% and 32%. Local control for T1 and T2 tumors
      at 3 years was about 80%. Survival at 5 years for the N0 Stage patient was 40%,
      whereas it was about 20% for those with clinically palpable nodes. Patients with
      exophytic tumors and lesions which regressed completely within 8 weeks following
      irradiation had a significantly better 3-year survival and local control than
      those with nonexophytic tumors and with tumors which had incompletely regressed
      after irradiation. Radiotherapy remains the treatment of choice for the small
      tumors (T1, T2) but the association of radical surgery with pre- or postoperative
      radiotherapy should be considered for advanced disease.

PMID- 6442099
TI  - Treatment of squamous carcinoma of the retromolar trigone.
AB  - Since squamous carcinoma of the retromolar trigone is unusual, there is a paucity
      of information in the world's literature to use as a reference for selecting
      treatment and determining pertinent factors affecting prognosis. Consequently, an
      analysis of the medical records of 110 patients with biopsy proven squamous
      carcinoma originating in the retromolar trigone, seen and treated entirely at The
      University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston from
      1965-1977, with at least 5 years of follow-up, was completed and constitutes the
      substance of this study. Local-regional control and survival were correlated with
      age, sex, presenting signs and symptoms, dental status, T and N classification,
      histologic grading, surgical findings, and the various modalities of treatment.
      Seventy lesions were staged T1-T2 and 77 patients had N0 necks. Thirty-five
      patients received a planned combination of surgery and x-ray therapy to the
      primary and/or neck. A composite resection was performed in 48 patients with the
      closure accomplished primarily or with a skin graft. The various surgical
      approaches are critiqued with a favorable emphasis on the marginal resection of
      the mandible and a modification of the radical neck dissection. The ultimate
      failure in the primary and the neck was 7% (8/110) and 10% (11/110) respectively.
      Single modality treatment whether it is surgery or irradiation appears equally
      adequate regardless of the T or N Stage. However, more T3-T4 cancers were treated
      initially with surgery. Thirty-six patients developed a second primary cancer of
      which 29 were in the upper aerodigestive tract. The low 5-year survival of 20%
      (29/110) reflects a poor salvage of the second primary and a high incidence of
      intercurrent disease in this elderly group of patients.

PMID- 6442100
TI  - Myometrial penetration of endometrial carcinoma as a prognostic factor for
      patients receiving pre- or postoperative radiation therapy.
AB  - From 1966-1980, 227 patients with Stage I endometrial carcinoma were treated by
      total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and either pre- or
      postoperative external beam pelvic irradiation. All therapy was delivered with
      megavoltage equipment. There was at least a 4-week interval between irradiation
      and surgery for 164 patients treated preoperatively. No significant differences
      were found in subsequent survival or local control at 5 years for those patients
      left with no residual tumor (81% survival/97% local control), disease confined to
      the mucosa (83% survival/93% local control), or invasion of the inner half of the
      myometrium (81% survival/93% local control). However, patients left with deeper
      myometrial penetration showed a significantly poorer survival rate of 57% (p =
      0.02) and a local control rate of only 65% (p = 0.006). For 63 patients treated
      postoperatively, there was no significant difference in 5-year survival or local
      control for those patients with disease limited to the inner 1/2 of the
      myometrium (80% survival/93% local control) compared with more extensive
      myometrial invasion (75% survival/86% local control). As patients with deep
      myometrial penetration irradiated postoperatively showed survival rates
      comparable to patients with lesser extent of invasion, the adverse prognostic
      effect of deep penetration appears to have been attenuated by subsequent pelvic
      irradiation. By contrast, residual deep myometrial invasion remained a
      significant adverse prognostic indicator for patients treated preoperatively. For
      this group, further treatment seems necessary and postoperative vaginal
      brachytherapy and/or adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered.

PMID- 6442101
TI  - Dose response analysis of pediatric neuroblastoma to megavoltage radiation.
AB  - Children with neuroblastoma treated in Salt Lake City from 1966 through 1982 were
      analyzed in an attempt to develop guidelines for external beam radiation.
      Particular attention was addressed to time-dose relationships in those patients
      with residual disease post-resection (Stages II and III). Altogether, 76 patients
      were analyzed and survival rates were: Stage I--100%; Stage II--84%; Stage III-
      69.2%; Stage IV--14.3%; Stage IV-S--71.4%. Survival rates were correspondingly
      better in younger children and in infants. Indications for postoperative
      radiation therapy in this population were: unresectable or gross remaining tumor;
      residual tumor in neural foramina; tumor spill during surgery; positive regional
      lymph nodes or positive surgical margins. Local control was achieved in a
      majority of patients undergoing surgery and radiation for limited disease. In
      children younger than 1 year of age, no local failures were observed at doses
      above 1200 rad. In children between 1-2 years of age, no local failures were
      observed with doses as low as 1440 rad. In children older than 3 years, local
      failures were observed up to 4500 rad.

PMID- 6442102
TI  - I-125 implant and supervoltage irradiation for treatment of T0-2 or T3 carcinoma
      of the prostate. The impact of invasion beyond the prostatic capsule and minimal
      nodal involvement.
AB  - Sixty-three consecutive patients with cancer of the prostate treated by pelvic
      lymphadenectomy, I-125 implantation +/- Co60 therapy were studied regarding the
      impact of extension of cancer beyond the capsule and minimal nodal involvement.
      Extension of cancer beyond the prostatic capsule, Stage T3, constituted 34%,
      while Stages T0-2 comprised 66% of the cases. The features of T3 compared with T2
      or less were: higher incidence of younger age (50s), 29% vs. 19%; less well
      differentiated cancer, 29% vs. 64%; higher incidence of pelvic node involvement,
      52% vs. 18%; and higher incidence of recurrence, 24% vs. 4.7%. The involvement of
      only one or two pelvic nodes by microscopic cancer did not adversely affect the
      prognosis in T2 group over a relatively short period of follow-up. No local
      recurrence occurred in T2. In the T3 group, two of 21 (9.5%) developed local
      recurrence.

PMID- 6442103
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin and mitomycin C in non-small cell
      bronchogenic carcinoma. Severe pulmonary toxicity from q 3 weekly mitomycin C.
AB  - Forty-five patients with advanced, measurable, or evaluable non-small
      bronchogenic carcinoma (NSCBC) were treated with doxorubicin and mitomycin C
      combination chemotherapy. The first 27 patients received doxorubicin 50 mg/m2
      I.V. every 3 weeks and mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 I.V. every 3 weeks. Because of severe
      cardiopulmonary toxicity in seven patients, with four otherwise unexplained
      deaths, the next 18 patients were treated with the mitomycin C dose reduced to 10
      mg/m2 every 6 weeks. Overall, 11 patients (25%) responded, with one complete and
      10 partial remissions. Eight responses (30%) were observed in the patients who
      received mitomycin C every 3 weeks and three responses (17%) were found in those
      given mitomycin C every 6 weeks (p less than 0.5), with no cardiopulmonary
      toxicity in the latter group. The median survival was 21 weeks for the entire
      group of patients, with the group receiving mitomycin C every 3 weeks living a
      median of 15.5 weeks and those given mitomycin C every 6 weeks surviving 35.5
      weeks (p less than 0.025). We conclude that there is a higher tumor response rate
      but more cardiopulmonary toxicity and shorter survival among the group receiving
      mitomycin C every 3 weeks compared to those receiving mitomycin C every 6 weeks.
      Future studies should consider this toxicity of mitomycin C administered on an
      every-3-week schedule.

PMID- 6442104
TI  - Separation of four glucuronides in a single sample by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography and its use in the determination of UDP glucuronosyltransferase
      activity toward four aglycones.
AB  - A single-solvent, reverse-phase HPLC system that separates glucuronides has been
      developed, and its applicability to the separation of glucuronides of four
      substrates (1-naphthol, morphine, testosterone, and estrone), representative of
      different UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, has been demonstrated. The
      combined supernatants from four separate microsomal incubations from which the
      protein has been precipitated can be used directly for the quantitation of the
      glucuronides formed. Variations in the four enzyme activities, upon treatment of
      rats with microsomal enzyme-inducing agents, after liver trauma and in the Gunn
      strain of rats have been investigated.

PMID- 6442105
TI  - Apparatus and method for preparative gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A new apparatus for preparative gel electrophoresis with continuous elution which
      includes a miniaturized electrode and elution chamber system is described. The
      design provides high resolution, high yield, applicability for small and large
      amounts of peptide material, and easy operation. Furthermore, the apparatus
      enables a very accurate gel column or gel gradient to be formed. A method for
      preparative gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate which allows the
      purification of peptides and proteins without concurrently modifying tryptophane
      residues or blocking N-terminal alpha-amino groups is also described.

PMID- 6442106
TI  - Purification of human interleukin 2 to apparent homogeneity and partial
      characterization of its receptor.
AB  - Human interleukin 2, produced by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood
      lymphocytes cultured in the absence of serum, has been purified to apparent
      homogeneity with a two-step combination of affinity chromatography with Cibacron
      blue-Sepharose and gel filtration. The specific activity of the purified IL-2 was
      620,000 U/mg of protein, with a total recovery of approximately 13% biological
      activity. Purified IL-2 stimulated lymphocyte proliferation at a concentration of
      4.3 X 10(-10) M. IL-2 was radiolabeled with reductive methylation to a specific
      activity of 350 microCi/nmol. Binding studies with phytohemagglutinin-activated
      lymphocytes, known to express receptor for IL-2, identified a single population
      of approximately 21,000 receptors per cell with an equilibrium dissociation
      constant of 7.1 X 10(-10) M.

PMID- 6442107
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the distribution of
      naturally occurring folic acid derivatives in rat liver.
AB  - Procedures which allow extraction and quantitation of labile, reduced folic acid
      derivatives in rat liver have been developed. These procedures entail extraction
      of hepatic folates at 100 degrees C in 2% (w/v) sodium ascorbate, 0.2 M 2
      mercaptoethanol, pH 7.85. The extract was treated with conjugase to hydrolyze
      folate polyglutamates and reverse-phase, ion-pair high-performance liquid
      chromatography was used to separate the resulting monoglutamates which were
      measured by microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei. Experiments with
      HPLC-purified standard derivatives, so treated, showed excellent stability of
      tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid (H4PteGlu), 10-formyl-H4PteGlu, 5-formyl-H4PteGlu,
      5-methyl-H4PteGlu, and pteroylglutamic acid (PteGlu). Under these conditions,
      approximately 56% of H2PteGlu was recovered unchanged while about 27% was
      converted to PteGlu; 5,10-methylene-H4PteGlu was quantitatively recovered as
      H4PteGlu. These procedures were applied to the task of measuring the distribution
      of naturally occurring folate cofactors in rat liver. These results indicated
      that rat liver folates have the following compositions: 5-methyl-H4PteGlu, 37.2%;
      H4PteGlu, 32.7%; 10-formyl-H4PteGlu, 22.6%; and 5-formyl-H4PteGlu, 7.7%.
      Experiments with [3H]PteGlu injection showed that all hepatic folates had the
      same specific radioactivity as determined by radioassay and L. casei assay,
      indicating that L. casei exhibited the same growth response to all the folates
      detected in rat liver.

PMID- 6442108
TI  - A stopped-flow investigation of calcium ion binding by ethylene glycol bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid.
AB  - The kinetics of calcium ion complexation by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl
      ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) were investigated using the stopped-flow
      technique. This study was performed within the pH range 5.8 to 8.4. The reaction
      was found to be first order in EGTA and complex order in calcium, with an
      observed second-order rate constant (pH 7, T = 25 degrees C, ionic strength = 0.1
      M) of about 1.5 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. The rate constant was independent of hydrogen
      ion concentration between pH 5.8 and 7.3; above pH 7.3 it increased in magnitude
      with increasing pH, and was 2.0 X 10(8) M-1 s-1 at pH 8.4. The rate constant at
      16 and 38 degrees C (pH 6.8) was found to be 0.9 and 7 X 10(6) M-1 s-1,
      respectively. These data imply that calcium ion buffering by EGTA will require
      times on the order of milliseconds when EGTA is present in millimolar
      concentrations.

PMID- 6442109
TI  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled casein assay for proteolytic enzymes.
AB  - A simple inexpensive sensitive protease assay was developed using soluble
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled casein. Casein was reacted with FITC to
      form the fluorescein thiocarbamoyl derivative. This substrate is cleaved by
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, subtilisin, and thermolysin in a linear time
      dependent manner. These enzymes can be measured in the nanogram and subnanogram
      range using this assay. The assay is reproducible, has a low blank, and uses
      casein, which resembles natural substrates of most proteases.

PMID- 6442110
TI  - Simultaneous extraction and preparation for high-performance liquid
      chromatography of prostaglandins and phospholipids.
AB  - A method for the maximum recovery of prostaglandins from brain tissue with
      simultaneous recovery of neutral lipids and phospholipids was developed. Hexane:2
      propanol was used to extract lipids from bovine brain. This method, which does
      not require a washing step to remove nonlipid contaminants, was compared to
      extraction according to Folch et al. [(1957) J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509] for
      efficiency of lipid extraction. Recoveries of prostaglandins were 12-37% greater
      with hexane:2-propanol than with the Folch extraction procedure with washing. The
      ratios of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus and absolute phospholipid recoveries
      were comparable for the two methods. A new elution sequence was devised for
      separation of lipid classes on silicic acid columns. The elution sequence was
      chloroform (neutral lipids and free fatty acids), methyl formate (prostaglandins
      and cerebrosides), acetone (remaining glycolipids), and methanol (phospholipids).
      Reverse-phase HPLC of the methyl formate fraction was used to separate the
      prostaglandins. The method permits simultaneous quantitative recovery of
      prostaglandins and phospholipids (which contain the 20:4(n-6) precursor for
      prostaglandin synthesis), and therefore allows changes in phospholipid
      composition and prostaglandin synthesis to be studied in the same tissue sample.

PMID- 6442111
TI  - [Caliceal diverticulum and simple renal cyst. Developmental aspects of the same
      entity?].
AB  - We report a case of calyceal diverticulum which evolved into what appeared
      anatomically and radiologically as a simple renal cyst. Similarities and
      differences between both entities are discussed based on a review of the
      literature. Our case report suggests that both conditions are related and that
      they can even be considered as evolutive forms of the same disease.

PMID- 6442112
TI  - [Subcorneal pustulosis and monoclonal gammapathies].
AB  - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson) is a rare dermatosis. In some
      cases, it is associated with a monoclonal gammopathy, most often Ig A. This
      association is considered as a salient feature of SPD, and is not present in
      other pustuloses, like pustular psoriasis, which may be related to SPD. The
      physiopathology of the neutrophilic dermatoses and the role of Ig A are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 6442113
TI  - [Rest room dermatitis during immunosuppression].

PMID- 6442114
TI  - [Medical treatment and intensive care for acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 6442115
TI  - [Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus is a rare condition which
      usually produces a clinical picture marked by chest pain, dysphagia and
      haematemesis of moderate severity. The authors report a new case in a woman aged
      70 years, under anticoagulant treatment for viral meningitis and presenting with
      repeated vomiting. Endoscopy of the upper alimentary tract and oesophageal
      radiography showed a pseudotumoral appearance of the middle and lower portions of
      the thoracic oesophagus. Progress was favourable under medical management, with
      uncomplicated recovery. A review of the 38 cases previously published emphasizes
      in particular the favourable outcome and the conservative medical treatment of
      this condition.

PMID- 6442116
TI  - [Neurologic tumors of the small intestine. Review of the literature apropos of 6
      personal cases].
AB  - In connection with five cases of benign neurogenic intestinal tumors (3 solitary
      schwannomas, 1 schwannoma associated with a gastric schwannoma without von
      Recklinghausen's disease, 1 neurofibroma associated with von Recklinghausen's
      disease) and one malignant neurogenic tumor, the authors review the general and
      radiological features of these rare lesions. From a diagnostic standpoint, in
      view of the warning sign constituted by hemorrhage in the absence of von
      Recklinghausen's disease, angiography remains the most effective radiological
      technique. During von Recklinghausen's disease, lesions are usually small and
      undetectable by X-ray due to their intramural or subserosal situation. Even when
      radiological techniques allow a diagnosis to be made, a complete investigation of
      the entire digestive tract is advisable to determine whether the intestinal
      lesion detected is indeed solitary and responsible for any symptoms.

PMID- 6442117
TI  - [Chemotherapy of adenocarcinoma of the stomach].

PMID- 6442118
TI  - The genetics and regulation of heat-shock proteins.

PMID- 6442120
TI  - Influence of metabolic end-products on the growth efficiency of Klebsiella
      aerogenes in anaerobic chemostat culture.
AB  - Progressively increasing the input concentration of growth-limiting nutrient
      (glucose, ammonia, K+) to anaerobic chemostat cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes (D
      = 0.38 h-1; 35 degrees C; pH 6.8) led to a non-linear increase in bacterial cell
      concentration. At modest population densities, residual growth-limiting substrate
      levels increased substantially, with increasing input concentration, and the
      culture bacterial dry weight tended to a constant value. With the glucose-limited
      culture, increasing the glucose input concentration above 20 g X 1(-1) led to
      accumulation of unused glucose and a change in the fermentation pattern. There
      was a concomitant lowering of the yield value with respect to glucose
      consumption, and the calculated YATP value similarly declined. Addition of extra
      essential (non-limiting) nutrients to the culture was without effect. Similarly,
      addition of individual fermentation products (acetate, ethanol, D-lactate, 2,3
      butanediol, succinate) to the feed medium, in varying concentrations and in
      different combinations, failed to influence the fermentation pattern or the
      energetics of cell synthesis. However, a clear correlation was observed between
      the yield values (of both glucose- and K+-limited cultures) and the steady state
      concentration of CO2 in the effluent gas. Increasing the concentration CO2 either
      by increasing the population density or lowering the sparging rate of nitrogen
      gas through the culture, effected a lowering of the yield values. It is suggested
      that dissolved CO2 exerts an effect on both metabolism and the energetics of cell
      synthesis. A possible mechanism of energy dissipation (i.e., a futile cycle)
      involving carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions is proposed.

PMID- 6442119
TI  - Bacterial anatomy in retrospect and prospect.
AB  - Progress in bacterial anatomy over a period of about 15 years is reviewed. In
      particular, attention is paid to developments in which the Department of Electron
      Microscopy and Molecular Cytology was involved. Past and present problems in
      bacterial anatomy as well as approaches to their solution are discussed.

PMID- 6442121
TI  - Methanogenesis: surprising molecules, microorganisms and ecosystems.
AB  - Methanogenesis involves a novel set of coenzymes as one-carbon and electron
      carriers. Consequently, metabolic processes of methanogens deviate from those
      present in non-methanogenic bacteria. Methanogenic bacteria can be classified on
      the basis of substrate utilization. Group I (24 species) grows at the expense of
      hydrogen plus CO2 and/or formate and group II (7 species) uses methanol and/or
      acetate. Hydrogen-consuming methanogens are found as epi- or endosymbionts of
      anaerobic ciliates.

PMID- 6442122
TI  - Penicillin production: biotechnology at its best.
AB  - A brief description is given of the history of penicillin production in the
      Netherlands. The development of today's penicillin production technology is
      analysed in terms of changes in the quality and intensity of the production
      process. Technological as well as genetical developments are shown to be of
      influence on the quality and the intensity of the production process. The
      analysis is illustrated by a brief description of the productivity improvement of
      the penicillin fermentation as it occurred at Gist-brocades during the past 20
      years.

PMID- 6442124
TI  - [Effect of fixation on immunolocalization of transferrin and albumin in the liver
      of the adult rat].
AB  - The influence of the fixation procedure on the localization of albumin and
      transferrin in adult rat liver has been carried out using an indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique at the light and electron microscopic levels.
      Perfusion and immersion fixations with different concentrations of
      paraformaldehyde (with or without addition of glutaraldehyde) have been
      investigated. According to the mode of fixation (perfusion versus immersion) and
      the concentration of the fixative, the number of albumin and transferrin
      containing hepatocytes could vary from 10% to 100%, and different labeling
      patterns could be observed at the electron microscopic level. For the same
      concentration of fixative, a perfusion fixation induces a less intense labeling
      than an immersion fixation. Thus similar results are obtained after immersion
      fixation in 6% paraformaldehyde + 0.25% glutaraldehyde or after perfusion
      fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde + 0.025% glutaraldehyde. Similar data are noticed
      after immersion fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde or after perfusion fixation in 1%
      paraformaldehyde + 0.025% glutaraldehyde. Moreover, perfusion fixation induced a
      more fine cell structure preservation than immersion fixations and avoided the
      appearance of zones of fixation.

PMID- 6442123
TI  - Recognition and clinical significance of mechanisms of bacterial resistance to
      beta-lactams.
AB  - Resistance to beta-lactams may be difficult to recognize. This is due to the
      difficulty in detecting these resistances, when the routine tests performed in
      diagnostic laboratories are interpreted in the usual manner. Since failure to
      recognize this type of resistance may have serious consequences for the patient,
      it is essential that it be detected when present. For the detection of
      methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus a standardized method using
      either a medium containing 5% NaCl or a low incubation temperature is advocated.
      Methicillin resistance of S. epidermidis can only be recognized reliably by means
      of a quantitative test and incubation for 42-48 h. Resistance of Haemophilus
      influenzae to ampicillin may be intrinsic or it may be caused by a TEM beta
      lactamase; a beta-lactamase test should be used to detect the latter type of
      resistance. Inducible cephalosporinase may be responsible for the rapid
      development of resistance of some bacterial species to cefamandole, even during
      therapy. If a stable beta-lactamase production is attained by mutation,
      resistance to other beta-lactams will usually be present as well. Routine
      induction tests should be performed for all isolates of species of Enterobacter,
      Serratia, Citrobacter and Proteus, indole-positive. The same type of 'hidden'
      resistance may be present in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with regard to cefotaxime
      and other third-generation cephalosporins. Beta-lactamase-positive Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae can easily be recognized by a beta-lactamase test. In addition, the
      results of diffusion tests allow one to distinguish between beta-lactamase
      positive and beta-lactamase-negative strains. Recognition of those strains of N.
      gonorrhoeae having a decreased susceptibility to penicillin is only possible when
      well-standardized quantitative tests are used.

PMID- 6442125
TI  - A cross-sectional study of wasting and stunting in Kinshasa, Zaire.

PMID- 6442126
TI  - Isolation in Vero-E6 cells of Hanta virus from Clethrionomys glareolus captured
      in the Bashkiria area of the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 6442127
TI  - [Fatal lithium poisoning].

PMID- 6442128
TI  - Projections from the Edinger-Westphal complex of monkeys as studied by means of
      retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - By means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase, an
      experimental study was made in the Japanese monkey of the projection from the
      anteromedian nucleus (AM) and Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) to the ciliary
      ganglon, cerebellar nuclei and spinal cord. Special attention was paid on the
      labeled cell forms. Neurons projecting to the cerebellar nuclei or the spinal
      cord were small (8-11 microns in diameter) and spindle-shaped, and they were
      located in almost the entire parts of both AM and EW. On the other hand, cells
      which gave off their axons to the ciliary ganglion were large (25-40 microns in
      diameter) and oval/round in shape. Their locations were confined to the medial
      parts of both AM and EW, except for the most caudal part of EW. In addition, a
      few cells in the "nucleus of Perlia" were found to project to the ciliary
      ganglion.

PMID- 6442129
TI  - Selenite uptake and incorporation by Selenomonas ruminantium.
AB  - Selenite uptake and incorporation in Selenomonas ruminantium was constitutive
      with an inducible component. It was distinct from sulphate or selenate transport,
      since sulphate and selenate did not inhibit uptake, nor could sulphate or
      selenate uptake be demonstrated. Selenite uptake had an apparent Km of 1.28 mM
      and a Vmax of 148 ng Se min-1 mg-1 protein. Uptake was sensitive to inhibition by
      2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), azide,
      iodoacetic acid (IAA) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), but not chlorpromazine (CPZ),
      N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (DCCD), quinine, arsenate, or fluoride. Treatment
      of cells accumulating 75[Se]-Selenite with 2,4,DNP inhibited uptake, but did not
      cause efflux. Transport of selenite was inhibited by sulphite and nitrite, but
      not by nitrate, phosphate, sulphate of selenate. 75[Se]-Selenite was incorporated
      into selenocystine, selenoethionine, selenohomocysteine, and selenomethionine and
      was also reduced to red elemental selenium.

PMID- 6442130
TI  - [Quantitative particle determination in electron microscopy].

PMID- 6442131
TI  - Investigations on the efficacy of specific immunization with corpuscular vaccines
      in urinary tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or mixed bacteria.

PMID- 6442132
TI  - Determination of type specific IgG Pseudomonas antibodies by the ELISA test after
      administration of the anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine.

PMID- 6442133
TI  - [Relations between apparent fecal and apparent ileal crude protein digestibility
      in swine].
AB  - The crude protein and lysine digestibility values available in literature and
      ascertained in comparative investigations at the end of the small intestine
      (distal ileum) and in the complete digestive tract (faeces analysis method) of
      pigs were subjected to a correlation calculation in order to find out whether and
      to what degree there are relations between apparent 'ileal' and apparent 'faecal'
      digestibility. For both crude protein and lysine the relation between ileal and
      faecal digestibility is so close (r = 0.73 resp. 0.85 ... 0.98) so that for
      practical purposes it is not necessary to determine the apparent ileal
      digestibility for each feedstuff by means of the complicated cannula method. This
      can be calculated with great reliability from the experimentally ascertained
      apparent faecal digestibility. The differences between faecal and ileal
      digestibility are smaller for lysine (conversion factors 0.92 ... 0.99) than for
      crude protein (conversion factors 0.89 ... 0.93).

PMID- 6442134
TI  - Respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at the time of the acute
      exacerbation of chronic otitis media.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether or not patients with
      chronic otitis media are infected with viruses or Mycoplasma at the time of
      sudden increase in otorrhea. From 26 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic
      otitis media, sera were collected at the time of sudden increase in otorrhea and
      three to four weeks later. These paired sera were examined for antibody titer to
      respiratory viruses (21 species) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of them, influenza B
      virus and RSV infections were demonstrated in four and two cases, respectively.
      Examinations showed no infection in 10 control cases without acute exacerbation.
      In 36 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media, attempts were made to
      isolate viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the pharynx and otorrhea.
      Consequently, influenza B virus was detected in pharyngeal mucous scrapings in
      two cases and RSV in one. The probability of respiratory virus infection leading
      to acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media appears to be lower than that
      provoking acute otitis media in children and infants. However, the present data
      suggest that the development of respiratory virus infection in patients with
      chronic otitis media may cause an increase in the otorrhea, eventually resulting
      in an acute exacerbation of inflammation.

PMID- 6442135
TI  - Patterns of superficial keratopathy.
AB  - Corneal surface abnormalities are commonly encountered in ophthalmology and are
      manifestations of a wide range of underlying disease processes. The diversity of
      both clinical presentation and morphological appearance requires a systematic
      approach to the identification and management of these superficial corneal
      changes. Accurate diagnosis of superficial keratopathy requires skillful
      observation to seek the most characteristic clinical sign, a deductive thought
      process based on a knowledge of disease patterns, and occasionally the use of
      laboratory procedures to confirm the working diagnosis. We have classified
      changes of the corneal surface into five categories based on the clinical pattern
      (punctate, dendritic, plaque, vortex, and linear). We show how pattern
      recognition, with the aid of clinical presentation, history, and appropriate
      investigations, can lead to accurate diagnosis and initiation of proper
      management.

PMID- 6442136
TI  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy of the papilla of Vater: an analysis of 300 cases.
AB  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed on 300 patients with biliary and/or
      pancreatic disease during the period 1978-1983. The most frequent indications
      were choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy (59%), choledocholithiasis without
      cholecystectomy (17%) and presumed motility disorders of the sphincter of Oddi
      (15%). In choledocholithiasis, stones passed spontaneously or were extracted from
      the bile duct in 147 of 164 patients (90%) in whom the outcome was determined by
      cholangiography immediately after stone extraction or by a second retrograde
      cholangiogram. In presumed motility disorders, only 51% of patients have shown
      sustained improvement in symptoms. Complications were uncommon (5%) but included
      bleeding from the margins of the incision, pancreatitis, cholangitis and an
      entrapped Dormia basket; no patient died. Duodenal diverticula were more frequent
      (p less than 0.005) in patients with bile duct stones after cholecystectomy (28%)
      than in patients in whom retrograde cholangiography did not reveal stones (9%)
      but the presence of diverticula did not influence the outcome of the procedure.
      Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a safe and effective procedure of particular
      relevance to elderly patients with choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy and
      to high-risk patients with choledocholithiasis without cholecystectomy.

PMID- 6442137
TI  - Anticoagulants and cerebral venous thrombosis.
AB  - Three patients with cerebral venous thrombosis are described. The management of
      this rare condition is discussed and a case is made for using anticoagulant
      therapy provided the diagnosis is established before cerebral infarction or
      hemorrhage have occurred.

PMID- 6442138
TI  - "Long-term" survival in light-chain myeloma with dialysis therapy alone.
AB  - We report a case of a 59 year old woman who presented in end-stage renal failure
      with lambda (lambda) light-chain myeloma (LLCM). Despite a large tumour burden,
      and refusal to accept cytotoxic chemotherapy, she was commenced on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). With dialysis therapy alone she has shown
      considerable hematological improvement and remains well 18 months after
      diagnosis. The extremely poor prognosis attributed to light-chain myeloma is
      largely due to death from uremia. As the natural history of this disease in
      patients offered dialysis therapy is unknown, dialysis should not automatically
      be withheld from patients with LLCM.

PMID- 6442139
TI  - A comparison of PO2 monitoring techniques in newborn infants.
AB  - This study is an evaluation of different methods of PO2 monitoring in newborn
      infants. These were an intravascular PO2 electrode (Searle Life Support Systems);
      transcutaneous monitoring (Kontron and Hewlett-Packard); and arterialized
      capillary blood samples. Values of each were compared with simultaneous aortic
      sample values and their correlation compared. The Searle electrode and TCM were
      found to be of equivalent accuracy overall, although the Searle was less
      reliable. Searle catheters were more difficult to insert than normal catheters,
      with a high wastage. Arterialized capillary PO2 values did not correlate with
      arterial. Transcutaneous monitoring is the most reliable and cheapest method.

PMID- 6442140
TI  - Accumulation of SCEs in lymphocytes during chronic ingestion of a mutagen.
AB  - Studies in 2 large-animal species have shown that continued ingestion of a
      mutagen increases sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in circulating lymphocytes at
      rates directly related to the accumulated dose but differing between species.
      Groups of 3 pigs received daily oral doses of 0, 1.25, or 2.50 mg/kg body weight
      of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) for 160 consecutive da; similar groups of
      sheep received 0, 0.625, or 1.25 mg/kg daily for up to 114 da. Lymphocytes taken
      at 3-wk intervals from pigs and every 2 wk from sheep were cultured, and 25
      randomly selected second-division metaphases from each culture were scored for
      SCE. Swine lymphocytes had elevated numbers of SCE at the earliest sampling times
      after DMBA feeding was begun. Sister chromatid exchanges continued to increase
      gradually among pigs consuming 1.25 mg/kg/da for 160 da whereas those on 2.5
      mg/kg tended to plateau at approximately 2.5 times their pretreatment level after
      some 80 da. Sheep treated with comparable levels of DMBA (1.25 mg/kg) exhibited a
      much more rapid rise in SCE than pigs; within 40 da their SCEs were at 4 times
      the control level and animals were exhibiting toxicity symptoms. Low-dose sheep
      also showed a rapid initial increase but plateaued at about 2.5 times the control
      level beyond 40 da.

PMID- 6442141
TI  - Persistence of SCE-inducing lesions after G0 exposure of human lymphocytes to
      differing classes of DNA-damaging chemicals.
AB  - We conducted studies to determine whether cycling human lymphocytes are equally
      efficient in repairing sister chromatid exchange (SCE)-producing lesions induced
      by differing classes of DNA-damaging chemicals. Lymphocytes were pulse-treated
      during G0 with mitomycin C (MMC), N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide
      (ThioTEPA), ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis
      DDP). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) was added to the 72 hr cultures at 0 hr or at 48
      hr after phytohemmagglutinin stimulation. The concentrations of chemicals
      employed induced a greater than 2-fold increase in SCEs in second-division
      metaphases from lymphocytes cultured in the presence of BrdUrd for the entire 72
      hr. The analysis of SCEs in uniformly harlequinized metaphases from G0-treated
      lymphocytes cultured in BrdUrd for the terminal 24 hr showed no increase above
      baseline after exposure to MMC, and intermediate increases above baseline after
      exposures to ThioTEPA and cis-DDP. However, after G0 treatment with EMS, the
      observed SCE frequency was consistent with that expected had all DNA lesions
      persisted and continued to give rise to SCEs during 3 cell cycles. These findings
      suggest that cycling human lymphocytes are not equally efficient in eliminating
      SCE-producing lesions after exposure to differing classes of DNA-damaging
      chemicals.

PMID- 6442142
TI  - Proliferative kinetics and chemical-induced sister chromatid exchanges in human
      lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - Although human lymphocyte cultures contain cells that have divided for different
      numbers of times after PHA stimulation, this heterogeneity of different cell
      divisions can be explained by a difference in the times when cells start their
      first DNA synthesis in responding to PHA. Cycling lymphocytes, whether they
      entered cycling earlier or later after stimulation, have about the same mean cell
      cycle times of 12-14 hr. Treatment with 3 X 10(-6) M MMC was found to induce an
      approximately 5-hr delay in the cell cycle. The induction of SCEs by chemical
      treatment depends on the stage in the cell cycle at treatment and on the
      persistence of the induced SCE-forming lesions. The most efficient time of
      treatment is the G1/S boundary in the first cell cycle of the 2 consecutive
      cycles before sampling. Among 3 alkylating agents tested here, EMS and 4NQO
      induce quite long-lived lesions that lead to SCE formation, whereas MMC-induced
      lesions seem to be completely removed within a cell cycle. Treatments with
      increasing concentrations of the chemical induce a larger increase in SCE
      frequency and longer delays in the cell cycle. However, with a fixed experimental
      regimen, treatments with relatively higher doses cause a deformity of the dose
      response relationship. The data also show that longer BrdUrd treatment before
      fixation results in a sampling of cells that have higher SCE frequencies.
      Repeated pretreatments of human lymphocytes with a very low concentration of MNNG
      render them resistant to a following challenge with MNNG, or ENU, but not with
      MMC. The data at present indicate that there is a quite large variability among
      blood donors in this induction of resistance in lymphocytes.

PMID- 6442143
TI  - Importance of the mitogen in sister chromatid exchange studies.

PMID- 6442144
TI  - Study of basal cell nevus syndrome fibroblasts after treatment with DNA-damaging
      agents.

PMID- 6442145
TI  - DNA interstrand cross-linking, repair, and SCE mechanism in human cells in
      special reference to Fanconi anemia.
AB  - The relation of DNA cross-linking and repair to sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
      formation was studied in normal human, Fanconi anemia (FA), and xeroderma
      pigmentosum (XP) cells. Despite a hypersensitive lethality response in FA cells,
      the SCE induction rates by mitomycin C (MMC), trimethylpsoralen (TMP)-light,
      cisplatin, and diepoxybutane were twice as high as in normal cells. For MMC, the
      induced SCE frequency in normal cells was reduced in a biphasic fashion with a
      repair incubation time (the first decline t1/2 = 2 hr; the second t1/2 = 14-18
      hr) which corresponds exactly to the molecular kinetics of cross-link and
      monoadduct removal. However, FA cells lack the first half-excision process and
      exhibit a lack of the first rapid decline SCE component. The slow decline
      component is present, and a higher SCE frequency is observed 24 to 48 hr after
      treatment. By contrast, XP cells capable of the half-excision process reveal the
      first rapid decline component, followed by an extremely slow second-reduction
      component (t1/2 = 48 hr) due to defective monoadduct repair. The
      endoreduplication-SCE method revealed that rates of both twin (first cycle) and
      single (second cycle) SCE formations by MMC and TMP-light were higher in FA cells
      than in normal cells. These results indicate that cross-links remaining
      unrepaired induce SCEs as do monoadducts. The probabilistic SCE induction occurs
      at a rate of 1 SCE per 35 MMC cross-links in FA cells. Further, a non-SCE-forming
      tolerance mechanism also operates in hypersensitive FA cells. These molecular and
      cytogenetic results allow us to construct a new probabilistic model for cross
      link-induced SCE into which the replication-fork model, random cross-link
      transfer to both chromatids, and chromatid breakage-reunion are incorporated.

PMID- 6442146
TI  - Human health situation and chromosome alterations: sister chromatid exchange
      frequency in lymphocytes from passive smokers and patients with hereditary
      diseases.
AB  - Lymphocytes from passive smokers, and patients with FA, Alz, or FPC were studied
      for SCEs in cultures treated with MMC, 4NQO, or MNNG. Fanconi anemia lymphocytes
      were also studied for cell cycle Tab. 3. Mean SCE frequencies in FPC or normal
      cells. (Table; see text) kinetics, and CAs after completion of 1, 2, or 3 or more
      divisions in MMC-treated cultures. The results can be summarized as follows: (1)
      lymphocytes from passive smokers showed a slightly higher induction of SCEs than
      nonsmokers when exposed to MMC. (2) FA cells had about 1.4 times higher
      frequencies of SCEs than normal cells in both MMC-treated and untreated cultures
      while they showed several times higher frequencies of CAs in both cultures.
      Analyses of cell cycle kinetics by the sister chromatid differential staining
      method revealed that MMC treatments of FA and normal cells led to a clearly dose
      related delay in cell turnover times, the duration of delay being much longer in
      FA than in normal cells. (3) Alz cells showed about 1.5 times higher induction of
      SCEs in MMC-treated cultures whereas they had only 10% as much SCEs as controls
      when exposed to 4NQO. Familial polyposis coli cells showed no significant
      difference in the induction of SCEs in untreated cultures and cultures treated
      with MMC, 4NQO, and MNNG.

PMID- 6442147
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange induction by cigarette smoke.
AB  - This paper presents evidence that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is a potent
      inducer of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured human lymphocytes; that
      benzo(a)pyrene (BP) contributes very little to this activity; that smokers have
      higher SCE rates than nonsmokers; that smokers with untreated lung cancer have
      consistently higher basal and CSC-induced SCE rates than their matched heavy
      smoking controls; and that, on a weight-for-weight basis, CSCs from different tar
      categories of cigarettes induce similar numbers of SCEs. These results are in
      keeping with the evidence that many smokers die of lung cancer, and that the
      basis of malignant transformation may be an alteration in cellular DNA. The
      results raise questions about possible innate differences in individuals'
      responses to cigarette smoke, and about the "safeness" of lower tar cigarettes.

PMID- 6442148
TI  - Acetaldehyde utilization and toxicity in Drosophila adults lacking alcohol
      dehydrogenase or aldehyde oxidase.
AB  - Metabolic utilization and toxicity of acetaldehyde were studied in flies lacking
      alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde oxidase (AO), or both functions. Prior to
      the experiments, mutant alleles Adhn4 and mal were transferred to the same
      genetic background by 10 successive backcrosses. By comparison with wild-type
      flies, various deleterious, pleiotropic effects could be attributed to the mal
      allele but not to Adhn4. Of the four genotypes studied (mal, Adhn4, mal Adhn4,
      and wild), all were able to use acetaldehyde as a resource in a similar way. In
      spite of its high toxicity, acetaldehyde appeared a better resource than ethanol.
      Flies treated with intermediate acetaldehyde concentrations (around 0.5%)
      exhibited a very high interindividual heterogeneity which could reflect a
      physiological adaptation occurring as a consequence of the aldehyde treatment.
      Toxicity tests showed that ADH-negative flies were more sensitive to acetaldehyde
      than wild type, but this is most likely explained by the transformation of the
      aldehyde into alcohol. Our results show that the aldehyde metabolizing enzyme
      (AME) system in Drosophila is neither ADH nor AO. The existence of an aldehyde
      dehydrogenase is plausible.

PMID- 6442149
TI  - [Effect of O-hydroxylamine on the transforming DNA from Bacillus subtilis.
      Correlation of chemical modifications with genetic consequences].
AB  - The action of methoxyamine (MA) on B. subtilis transforming DNA (50 degrees C, pH
      4,5 and 6,0, 1 M MA) was studied. The rate of cytosine residues modification in
      DNA is 250 times less than in monomer (rate constants for DNA are 1,5 X 10(-1)
      min-1 at pH 4,5, and 2,5 X 10(-6) min-1 in the first 300 hours of treatment at pH
      6,0). At pH 4,5 the rates of cytosine (I) conversion into N4-methoxycytosine (II)
      and into 6-methoxyamino-5,6-dihydro-N4-methoxycytosine (III) are constant (II/III
      ratio is about 2,1). At pH 6,0 the II/III ratio smoothly increases from 1,0 to
      1,6 (200 and 900 hours of treatment) due to a decrease in the product III
      accumulation rate. The frequency of MA-induced mutations shows a bell-shaped
      dependence on time with maxima (approximately 10%) at 80 (pH 4,5) and 500 (pH
      6,0) hours of treatment. In both cases approximately 10% of cytosine residues are
      modified. These results suggest that either compound III is efficiently removed
      from the transforming DNA, or its presence does not arrest the DNA replication.

PMID- 6442151
TI  - Experience with ciprofloxacin in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1,4-dihydro-3-
      quinolinecarboxylic acid (ciprofloxacin, Bay-o 9867) a new quinoline carboxylic
      acid derivative, was tested in vitro against 233 various Gram-negative
      microorganisms, mostly resistant to nalidixic acid. Minimal inhibitory
      concentrations (MIC) against the Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa ranged
      between less than 0.003 to 1 mg/l and less than 0.003 to 8 mg/l respectively with
      MIC90 of 2 mg/l. However, when sensitivities were repeated with an acid broth
      they were increased by greater than or equal to 32 fold. This effect was more
      prominent when as nutrient pooled human urine was used and particularly for P.
      aeruginosa strains. Ciprofloxacin at a dose of 250 mg, or 500 mg, 12-hourly for
      10 days was randomly given to 40 patients aged 23-76 years, suffering from upper
      (27) and lower (13) urinary tract infections (UTI) as proved from the "antibody
      coated bacteria" (ACB) test. Pathogens included E. coli (20), Proteus sp. (13),
      K. pneumoniae (1), C. freundii (1) and P. aeruginosa (5), with MICs between less
      than 0.06 to 2 mg/l. During treatment all but one of the patients responded
      favorably both clinically and bacteriologically, while at a six-week follow-up,
      nine patients with upper UTIs and underlying chronic pyelonephritis or/and
      structural abnormalities had relapsed, while only one became reinfected.
      Treatment schedule did not influence the results. No appreciable side effect or
      toxicity was observed. It is concluded that ciprofloxacin should have an
      important role to play in the treatment of UTI as well as in systemic infections
      whenever multiresistant pathogens are implicated.

PMID- 6442150
TI  - [The effect of allopurinol on testosterone metabolism].
AB  - Plasma testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone and
      estrogens were diminished in male renal stone patients under treatment with
      allopurinol, whereas urinary testosterone glucuronide was elevated. Since plasma
      LH (luteinizing hormone) was diminished it is concluded that allopurinol
      decreases the plasma testosterone level via an inhibition of LH secretion. Also
      in male rats treated with allopurinol, plasma testosterone and LH concentrations
      were diminished. The activities of NADPH-5 alpha-reductase and the testosterone
      hydroxylases in rat liver microsomes were decreased, UDP-glucuronyl transferase
      activity was elevated. delta 5-3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 4,5
      isomerase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat testes were unchanged.

PMID- 6442152
TI  - Pantethine reduces plasma cholesterol and the severity of arterial lesions in
      experimental hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
AB  - Pantethine (P), a coenzyme A precursor, was administered to cholesterol-fed
      rabbits (0.5% cholesterol diet + 1% pantethine) for 90 days. At the end of
      treatment, plasma total cholesterol levels were reduced 64.7% and the HDL/total
      cholesterol ratio increased in P-treated animals; a significant rise of the apo A
      I/A-II ratio was detected in HDL. VLDL lipid and protein levels were, on the
      other hand, reduced by P. The cholesterol-ester content of both liver and aortic
      tissues was not significantly affected by P. Although the total aortic area with
      evident plaques was reduced only 18.2%, the microscopical examination of sections
      from the major vessels of P-treated animals, showed a reduction in the severity
      of lesions, both in the aorta and in the coronary arteries. These findings
      suggest that P, in addition to significantly lowering plasma cholesterol levels
      in rabbits on an experimental diet, may modify lipid deposition in major
      arteries, possibly by affecting lipoprotein composition and/or exerting an
      arterial protective effect.

PMID- 6442153
TI  - Training, diet and physical characteristics of distance runners with low or high
      concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
AB  - We examined possible determinants of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol
      (HDL-C) concentrations in 56 male distance runners (aged 20-56 years) by
      comparing runners whose HDL-C were either above or below the group median of 63
      +/- 13 (+/- SD) mg/dl. HDL-C averaged 53 +/- 7 mg/dl for runners below and 73 +/-
      11 mg/dl for runners above the median. Neither exercise training (miles run per
      week, years of running), physical characteristics (height, weight, adiposity), or
      dietary factors (total daily caloric intake and daily caloric intake from
      protein, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, carbohydrate, and alcohol)
      differed between the two groups (P greater than 0.05, MANOVA). Apo A-I (P less
      than 0.01) was higher and triglyceride concentrations lower (P = 0.07) in the
      high HDL-C group. The data were also analyzed by comparing runners in the lowest
      and highest tertiles for HDL-C values and essentially the same results were
      obtained. When all runners were combined, neither training, physical
      characteristics nor dietary intake was significantly related to HDL-C (P greater
      than 0.05). Total cholesterol and apo A-I were directly related (r = 0.35 and r =
      0.66, respectively, P less than 0.01) and triglycerides inversely related (r = 
      0.31, P less than 0.05) to HDL-C. Plasma post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity
      (LPLA), hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (HTGLA), and HDL-C subfractions were
      measured in 22 runners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442154
TI  - The distribution of cholesterol and apoprotein A-I between the lipoproteins in
      plasma and peripheral lymph from normal human subjects.
AB  - The lipoproteins of peripheral lymph and plasma from normal human subjects were
      separated according to their density by sequential ultracentrifugation and
      according to their size by gradient gel electrophoresis and gel exclusion
      chromatography. High density lipoproteins (HDL) carried a higher proportion of
      the total cholesterol in lymph than in plasma. Within the HDL fraction, the less
      dense and more lipid-rich component (HDL2) carried a higher proportion of the
      total HDL cholesterol in lymph than in plasma. Gradient gel electrophoresis
      showed (1) a higher proportion of large to small HDL particles in lymph than in
      plasma and (2) the presence of at least three populations of apo A-I-containing
      lipoproteins with Stokes diameters larger than the Stokes diameter of HDL2.
      Separation by gel exclusion chromatography showed that the proportion of large
      HDL particles with a high cholester: apo A-I ratio was greater in lymph than in
      plasma. In view of the sieving effect of the blood capillaries, which favours the
      passage across the capillary walls of smaller vs larger particles, we suggest
      that the higher ratio of large to small HDL particles in lymph than in plasma is
      due to the conversion of small to large HDL in the interstitial fluid by
      incorporation of cholesterol and other lipids from extravascular cells into the
      smaller particles.

PMID- 6442155
TI  - Injury severity scales: overview and directions for future research.
AB  - The utility of the AIS for classifying trauma patients according to the nature
      and extent of tissue damage is well documented. The development of the ISS has
      enhanced the utility of the AIS by making it possible to assess the overall
      severity of multiple injuries sustained by an individual. Several studies have
      confirmed the validity of the ISS as a predictor of mortality and length of
      hospital stay. When the ISS is used in conjunction with a physiological index
      such as the Trauma Score, its power to predict mortality increases significantly.
      The inter-rater reliability of the AIS derived from medical records was shown to
      be substantial for both clinicians as well as nonclinicians. It is important,
      however, that raters be properly trained and standardized prior to using the
      scale. Petrucelli et al have developed a training manual for use by crash
      investigators of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S.
      Department of Transportation. This manual can easily be adapted for use by those
      involved in EMS evaluation. With the development of an ICD-9-CM to AIS 80
      conversion table, the application of the AIS to large computerized data bases
      will also become tenable. As more attention is focused on issues of long-term
      consequences of injury, however, it may become necessary to fine-tune existing
      scales or construct new ones. As discussed earlier in this paper, there is
      evidence that the AIS can be used to classify patients according to levels of
      disability and costs of medical care. The few studies that provide this evidence,
      however, are limited in scope and generalizability, as they focus on vehicular
      trauma only. In addition, most of these studies are based on small cross
      sectional samples and do not use standardized measurements of functional status.
      Currently under way as a collaborative study between The Johns Hopkins Medical
      Institutions and the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services System is
      a longitudinal study of 600 young adult patients (ages 16-45) who sustained
      injuries severe enough to require hospitalization. One of the objectives of this
      study is to test the utility of the AIS/ISS in conjunction with measures of
      functional status at the time of hospital discharge for predicting changes in
      physical,mental, and social functioning of trauma patients up to one year
      following discharge and with direct costs associated with goods and services
      purchased as a result of the injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6442156
TI  - Tuberculosis immunology.

PMID- 6442157
TI  - Effect of cyclophosphamide administration on immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy
      with glutaraldehyde-treated MOPC-315 syngeneic tumour cells.

PMID- 6442158
TI  - [Hepatitis in thalassemia minor: incidence and evolution].
AB  - Incidence, clinical course and outcome of viral hepatitis was evaluated during a
      42 mo. study in 118 Thalassaemia minor patients, compared with a paired group of
      123 nonthalassaemic subjects, matched for age, sex and number of drug addicts. In
      the thalassaemics, which account for 13% of residents in our area, acute
      hepatitis showed to have an incidence of 1.3-1.7 higher than the control group.
      The acute course was milder and more protracted and the number of evolution into
      chronicity was more elevated: 19.7% vs. 11.3%, following hepatitis B, and 40.6%
      vs. 23.7% following NANB hepatitis. However data were statistically significant
      only as regard as differences between ALT (p less than or equal to 0.05, B-H; p
      less than or equal to 0.01, NANB-H) and IgM in the group of B hepatitis only (p
      less than or equal to 0.05) Differences between elongation of course were also
      significant in both types of hepatitis (p less than or equal to 0.01).
      Pathogenetic aspects such as depressed cellular immunity and hepatic disorders
      due to thalassaemia, which may explain the higher incidence of hepatitis and the
      tendency of evolution into chronicity, are discussed.

PMID- 6442159
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function during acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytosis was tested in three groups of 12 patients
      (non drug-addicts) hospitalized for acute A, B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. The
      same test was performed in 12 parenteral drug-addicts (P.D.A.) with non-A, non-B
      hepatitis, in 12 P.D.A. with type B hepatitis and in 30 P.D.A. without evidence
      of acute hepatitis. Percent of phagocytosis was evaluated at time of admission to
      hospital, at discharge and three months after the acute episode. A statistically
      significant reduction of phagocytosis was present in each of the non-addicts
      group at time of admission to hospital. At the discharge this reduction was
      confirmed for type B and non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas an improvement was noted
      for type A hepatitis. Control tests carried out 3 months later evidenced that
      also in patients affected with type B and non-A, non-B hepatitis the percentages
      of phagocytosis had reached almost normal values. An increased percent of
      phagocytosis resulted from incubation of patients' PMN with normal human serum.
      Among drug-addicts the percentages of phagocytosis do not differ from the data
      recorded in non-addicts patients during the acute stage of the disease. However,
      three months after the acute episode, a deficit of phagocytic activity was still
      present in drug-addicts. These data would support the hypothesis that a serum
      factor impairing the PMN phagocytosis in acute hepatitis is present. Circulating
      immune complexes were found in the same sera. They might play an important role
      in inhibitory effect on neutrophils phagocytic activity.

PMID- 6442160
TI  - [Destruction of apical dendritic layers in penicillin-induced cortical epileptic
      focus].
AB  - It has been generally accepted that topectomy is a choice of treatment for
      patients who have an intractable cortical epileptic focus. However, the surgery
      is not indicated in the cases whose focus is functionally involved in the vital
      cortical regions. We have experienced a case of intractable traumatic cortical
      epilepsy, in which the patient underwent cortical surface coagulation on his
      motor cortex during the dissection of his wide-spread durocortical adhesion.
      Subsequently, his epileptic attacks have been abolished completely for over 7
      years without motor deficit. It is the purpose of this work to confirm
      experimentally that destruction of apical dendrites on the epileptic focus may
      prevent occurrence of abnormal spike epileptic discharges without vital neuronal
      deficit. Fifty dogs were used in this study. In normal dogs, the antidromic
      cortical response, after stimulation of the internal capsule, showed three
      predominant negative waves axonal (the first), cortical neuronal (the second) and
      apical dendritic potentials (the third) by surface recordings. Upon creation of
      the penicillin-induced cortical epileptic focus, spike discharges appeared on the
      corticogram, and the third wave of the antidromic cortical response shifted from
      negative to positive. Selected destruction of the dendrites, in the first and the
      second cortical layers, in the area of the epileptic focus brought about
      disappearance of the third wave, to isopotentially, and a marked inhibition or
      complete disappearance of spikes on the corticograms. The possibility exists, as
      been suggested by our experiment, to clinically apply this method as a treatment
      for intractable cortical epilepsy with foci in the functionally vital regions,
      although there are yet many problems to be solved.

PMID- 6442161
TI  - Potential use of fissure sealants in the NHS.

PMID- 6442162
TI  - Perforated jejunal diverticula.

PMID- 6442163
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of methoxatin-requiring methanol
      dehydrogenase: reaction of enzyme with electron-acceptor dye.
AB  - Bacterial methoxatin-dependent methanol dehydrogenase requires an electron
      acceptor, e.g., phenazine methosulfate (PMS), for activity. Oxidation of methanol
      shows a deuterium isotope effect of 4.3 in the presence of high concentrations of
      PMS; the effect is reduced at low PMS concentrations. This suggests that the
      catalytic reaction comprises at least two steps, one involving substrate and the
      other PMS. The UV-visible spectrum of methanol dehydrogenase undergoes a series
      of characteristic changes when PMS is added to the enzyme. It is proposed that
      these changes correspond to the formation of an enzyme intermediate, resulting
      from the reaction of PMS with the enzyme, which can subsequently react with
      substrate. Preincubation of the enzyme with PMS followed by dilution into a
      solution containing [14C]methanol results in an additional enzyme turnover
      compared to the control performed without preincubation with PMS. This confirms
      the proposal that the enzyme reacts with PMS before reacting with substrate. The
      reaction between the enzyme and PMS is not a redox reaction since no oxygen is
      consumed during the reaction nor is the PMS reduced. Methanol dehydrogenase is
      inactivated by cyclopropanol in the presence of PMS. The intermediate formed by
      reaction of the enzyme with PMS is also an intermediate in the cyclopropanol
      inactivation reaction. Preincubation of the enzyme with PMS gives an increase in
      the rate of inactivation by cyclopropanol. Cyclopropanol stoichiometrically
      equivalent to 13% of the enzyme is sufficient to completely inactivate the
      enzyme. The inactivation reaction shows neither a deuterium nor a tritium isotope
      effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442164
TI  - Critical evaluation of comparative model building of Streptomyces griseus
      trypsin.
AB  - The X-ray crystal structure of Streptomyces griseus trypsin has been solved and
      refined at 1.7-A resolution. The structure of this protein had been predicted in
      two models on the basis of its expected homology to structures of bovine trypsin
      and other pancreatic serine proteases [Jurasek, L., Olafson, R.W., Johnson, P., &
      Smillie, L.B. (1976) Miami Winter Symp. 11, 93-123; Greer, J. (1981) J. Mol.
      Biol. 153, 1027-1042]. An evaluation of these models in light of the known
      structure demonstrates the effect of several sources of error on such comparative
      model building. The objective of comparative model building is often to explain
      substrate specificity, or to suggest potential highly specific drugs. The unique
      parts of modeled proteins that are most important for such purposes are, however,
      the most poorly determined by the model-building procedure.

PMID- 6442165
TI  - Mapping of subsites in the combining area of monoclonal anti-galactan
      immunoglobulin A J539.
AB  - Monoclonal immunoglobulin A J539 binds beta-(1----6)-D-galactopyranans.
      Measurement of the affinity of its Fab' fragment for a series of galacto
      oligosaccharides--some of which carried deoxyfluoro groups--has made it possible
      to assign a binding mode of the polysaccharide that has the reducing end oriented
      from the heavy (H) chain toward the light (L) chain. In addition, the values
      obtained for the affinity constants of the immunoglobulin with these
      oligosaccharides, as well as the maximal values obtained for the intrinsic ligand
      induced fluorescence, permit a deduction about the relative affinity of the
      protein's four subsites for each galactose residue of the tetrasaccharide
      fragment it can bind. If these subsites are labeled C, A, B, and D, going from
      the H-chain toward the L-chain across the face of the immunoglobulin combining
      area, then the order of decreasing affinity is A greater than B greater than C
      greater than D.

PMID- 6442166
TI  - Kinetics of action of chymosin (rennin) on some peptide bonds of bovine beta
      casein.
AB  - The first steps of proteolysis of bovine beta-casein by chymosin were studied
      quantitatively by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP
      HPLC). Although chymosin has a broad specificity, it has been possible to
      selectively study the hydrolysis of two bonds (Ala-189-Phe-190 and Leu-192-Tyr
      193) by choosing appropriate conditions. The disappearance of the substrate and
      the appearance of the reaction products as a function of time were followed at
      220 nm by RP-HPLC. For concentrations where beta-casein was in a micellar form,
      the Michaelian parameters corresponding to the cleavage of bond 192-193 were
      determined by measuring initial rates of reaction at different substrate
      concentrations in a time period for which splitting of bond 189-190 was
      negligible. The following results were obtained; k1cat = 1.54 s-1, K1m = 0.075
      mM, and k1cat/K1m = 20.6 mM-1 s-1. Under conditions where the protein was in a
      monomeric state, the following parameters were determined for the splitting of
      bond 192-193 by integrating the Michaelis equation: k2cat = 0.056 s-1, K2m =
      0.007 mM, and k2cat/K2m = 79.7 mM-1 s-1. Under the latter conditions the four
      enzymic reactions involved in the cleavage of bonds 189-190 and 192-193 were
      first-order reactions. The four corresponding apparent rate constants were
      calculated by using a computer program. Excellent agreement was obtained between
      concentrations of four molecular species measured during the reaction period and
      those calculated by using the four apparent rate constants.

PMID- 6442167
TI  - Influence of oxygen on the microsomal electron transport system in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The influence of oxygen on the level of microsomal electron transport chain
      components has been studied during the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme
      activities and cytochrome content were assayed in microsomal fractions prepared
      from a protoplast lysate free from mitochondrial contamination. It was found that
      the cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 content, to get her with the NADPH
      cytochrome (P-450)-reductase and NADH-cytochrome (b5)-reductase activities, were
      increased in the cells as the pO2 of the medium was decreasing. At the same time
      an increase in the membrane surface of the endoplasmic reticulum can be observed.

PMID- 6442168
TI  - Determination of plasma bupropion and its relationship to therapeutic effect.
AB  - An analytical method to determine the concentration of bupropion in human plasma
      has been developed using a deuterium-labeled analog as internal standard and
      selected ion monitoring applied to an extract of plasma samples taken as part of
      a clinical trial of this antidepressant. In all, 15 depressed outpatients were
      randomly assigned to bupropion in a double-blind study which included weekly
      evaluation of their clinical condition. A good correlation was found between the
      results obtained by this assay and by a radioimmunoassay technique currently in
      use. While no simple correlation between plasma concentration and therapeutic
      improvement was noted, the majority of subjects showed mild to marked
      amelioration of symptoms and those having mean concentrations above 35 ng ml-1
      had significant improvement in their test scores. Interpretation of the mass
      spectra of both the labeled and unlabeled drug revealed an apparent violation of
      the 'even-electron rule'.

PMID- 6442169
TI  - Effects of actinomycin D and cycloheximide on the increase in tyrosinase activity
      of hamster amelanotic melanoma cells in vitro.
AB  - Tyrosinase activity in the Ab hamster amelanotic melanoma cells cultured in serum
      free Eagle's MEM increased 3 times after 6 h of primary cell culture. This
      increase was inhibited completely by cycloheximide, while actinomycin D had no
      effect on this process. After 24 h of culture in MEM with calf serum, further
      increase of the tyrosinase activity was inhibited by both cycloheximide and
      actinomycin D. The data presented may indicate that the increase of tyrosinase
      activity in the primary cell culture of the Ab melanoma is due initially to the
      unblocking of translation and later to the activation of transcription of the
      gene controlling the enzyme.

PMID- 6442170
TI  - Studies on the involvement of calcium and calmodulin in the action of growth
      hormone-releasing factor.
AB  - A possible role for Ca2+ and calmodulin in the action of growth-hormone-releasing
      factor (GHRF) was investigated. Low extracellular Ca2+ (less than 100 microM),
      methoxyverapamil, flunarizine, cinnarizine, and Co2+ decreased both basal and
      GHRF-stimulated growth-hormone secretion, but did not totally inhibit GHRF
      stimulated secretion. A calmodulin antagonist, W7, abolished GHRF-stimulated GH
      secretion, with no effect on basal secretion. It is suggested that GHRF may act
      primarily by elevating cellular cyclic AMP, which may then modulate calcium
      mobilization or flux; the increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations may then
      activate calmodulin.

PMID- 6442171
TI  - [The change in drug resistance of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
      strains after successive transfers on Ogawa medium for seven years].

PMID- 6442172
TI  - [Experimental studies in vitro on the antituberculous activities of 27753RP
      (R.P), a semisynthetic derivative of griselimycine. I. Antituberculous activities
      of R.P examined at intermittent, short time and continuous exposure in vitro].

PMID- 6442173
TI  - [Experimental studies in vitro on the antituberculous activities of 27753 (R.P),
      a semisynthetic derivative of griselimycine. II. Antituberculous activities of
      R.P. in combination with other antituberculous agents].

PMID- 6442174
TI  - [Experimental studies in vitro on the antituberculous activities of 27753RP
      (R.P), a semisynthetic derivative of griselimycine. III. Cross resistance of
      R.P].

PMID- 6442175
TI  - [Experimental studies in vitro on the antituberculous activities of 27753RP
      (R.P), a semisynthetic derivative of griselimycine. IV. Antituberculous
      activities of R.P in vitro under various inadequate conditions for the growth of
      tubercle bacilli].

PMID- 6442176
TI  - Mammalian monoamine-oxidizing enzymes, with special reference to benzylamine
      oxidase in human tissues.
AB  - A review is presented of the monoamine-oxidizing enzymes with special reference
      to the activity of benzylamine oxidase (BzAO) in human tissues. Methods of study
      of amine oxidases, properties (chiefly of BzAO) and some problems concerning
      substrate and inhibitor specificity and multiple forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      are surveyed. The substrate specificity of human plasma BzAO is compared with
      that of amine-oxidizing enzymes in plasma or serum of other species. Correlations
      of plasma BzAO and platelet MAO activity with clinical findings are discussed.
      The distribution of amine oxidase activities in solid human tissues is reviewed,
      in particular BzAO in blood vessels and richly-vascularized tissues, as well as
      kinetic constants and altered patterns of activity of BzAO in human
      atherosclerosis. Activities of the amine oxidases in non-vascular smooth muscle,
      in cultured cells, and in various tissues related to human gestation, are
      discussed. The present knowledge of BzAO is discussed in terms of its possible
      clinical relevance to several human disease states, and the importance of the
      enzyme in the human body.

PMID- 6442177
TI  - DRG legislation and rheumatic disease.

PMID- 6442178
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase is associated with taste buds in rat tongue.
AB  - A modification of Hansson's histochemical technique was used to reveal carbonic
      anhydrase activity in mounted cryostat sections of the circumvallate papillae
      from rat tongue. An intensely positive reaction was found at the level of the
      neck of the papilla, associated with the taste buds. Lingual glands also
      contained abundant carbonic anhydrase activity. The presence of carbonic
      anhydrase in taste buds, as well as our previous observation that it is found in
      a population of olfactory receptor cells, may indicate a role for the enzyme in
      gustative and olfactory phenomena.

PMID- 6442179
TI  - [3H]2-deoxyglucose mapping of odor-induced neuronal activity in the antennal
      lobes of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Olfactory stimulation results in an enhanced uptake of [3H]2-deoxyglucose in
      specific glomeruli in the antennal lobes of Drosophila melanogaster. Unilateral
      stimulation induces activity in receptor axons and lobe interneurons on the
      ipsilateral side. Collaterals from the receptor axons to the contralateral lobe
      are also active but stimulate either weak or no postsynaptic activity. This
      difference in signal transfer properties could be relevant to odor detection by
      flies.

PMID- 6442180
TI  - [Amplification of the high production and low production nature of antibodies
      produced by the genetic selection of mice. Correlation between immunodeficiency
      and the incidence of lymphoma].
AB  - Five bidirectional selective breedings have been carried out in mice for
      quantitative antibody responses to various natural immunogens. Appropriate
      crosses between the five "high responder" lines and between the five "low
      responder" lines resulting from these selections, were performed to obtain
      balanced hybrid populations. These populations were further selected for antibody
      production on the basis of multiple responses i.e., responses to all the antigens
      used in the previous separate selections. The result was a marked amplification
      of the interline divergence. The low line in particular has a profound deficiency
      for both primary and secondary responses. Moreover a high incidence of lymphomas
      was observed among these low responder mice (up to 42%).

PMID- 6442181
TI  - [Interactions between vitamin A and DDT: the effect of cold and noise].
AB  - The effect of stress from cold and noise on rats fed with DDT in a sufficient
      dose of retinol is to increase growth and induce cytochrome P450 in the liver,
      but to a lesser extent than in control group kept in normal environment
      conditions.

PMID- 6442182
TI  - [Numerical cladistics of the phylogeny of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903
      (Kinetoplastida-Trypanosomatidae). Use of enzyme characteristics].
AB  - Numerical cladistics is applied to the phyletic analysis of the genus Leishmania
      Ross, 1903. 128 Old World stocks are characterized by means of electrophoretic
      techniques using 13 enzymes. The 68 electromorphs detected allow to group the
      stocks into 17 zymodemes. Data are treated with the Farris' method (1970). The
      resultant cladogram appears to be coherent. It recognizes classical systematics
      entities. It sets off two sister groups: major-gerbilli on one hand, donovani
      tropica-aethiopica on the other. It confirms L. aethiopica and L. gerbilli as
      archaic groups and points out a certain divergence between L. infantum and L.
      donovani s. st.

PMID- 6442183
TI  - [Acceleration of the synthesis of cardiac adenine nucleotides from adenosine as
      affected by propranolol].
AB  - DL-propranolol, at a dose of 2 mg . l-1, induced in the isolated rat heart an
      increase in adenine nucleotide synthesis from exogenous 5 microM adenosine
      (+20%). If supplied during reperfusion following low-flow ischaemia (0.5 ml . min
      1, 30 min.), propranolol annulled the decrease in adenosine incorporation (-23%)
      provoked by ischaemia. When propranolol was given during ischaemia and
      reperfusion, ATP degradation during the ischaemic period was reduced and
      adenosine uptake was strongly stimulated on reperfusion (+60%).

PMID- 6442184
TI  - [Annual variations in plasma prolactin and testosterone concentrations in the
      Ouled-Djellal ram in Algeria].
AB  - Plasma concentrations of prolactin and testosterone were measured weekly, from
      November 1976 to December 1977, respectively in 29 and 10 Ouled-Djellal rams
      penned in the Algeria area. Plasma prolactin and testosterone levels exhibited
      concomitant seasonal variations: they were low in November-December, then they
      increased from January to maximal values in summer through two steps, the first
      in February-March, the second in June-July. Taken all around, the hormones
      changes paralleled those of photoperiod. The synchronism in annual variations of
      prolactin and testosterone secretory patterns is a feature of the Ouled-Djellal
      ram. Results are discussed in relation to effects of prolactin on testicular
      activity.

PMID- 6442185
TI  - [Pharmacologic sensitivity of the photopic c wave in the electroretinogram of the
      chicken. II. Effects of sodium iodate and general anesthesia].
AB  - Iodate poisoning is known to induce both a retinal degeneration which is
      restricted in a first stage to the pigment epithelium and a selective suppression
      of the c-wave ([5] to [10]). In the chicken we did not obtain such
      electrophysiological or morphological effects. In both acute (i.v. or i.m.
      injections, up 50 mg/kg) and chronic experiments (4 X 45 mg/kg daily) the
      photopic c-wave of the chicken appeared to be fairly insensitive to sodium
      iodate, except at high concentrations (greater than 100 mg/kg in a single
      injection) which proved to be highly cardiotoxic. The ultrastructure of the
      retinal pigment epithelium and of the photoreceptors appeared quite normal in
      retinas treated with the highest concentration of the drug. Sodium pentobarbital
      (Nembutal), ketamine (Ketalar) and ethyl-carbamate (Urethane) were used as
      general anesthetics. The c-wave appeared to be differentially sensitive to these
      drugs. The suppressant effect was strongest with Nembutal and lowest with
      Urethane. The selective sensitivity of the c-wave to general anesthetics may
      explain why it was repeatedly stated in the literature that c-waves did not exist
      in a number of cone dominated retinas.

PMID- 6442186
TI  - [High-frequency ventilation in thoracic surgery].

PMID- 6442187
TI  - [Peridural anesthesia in the cardiac patient].

PMID- 6442189
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition: technical aspects of biomedical engineering].

PMID- 6442188
TI  - [Biological changes induced by the removal of the tourniquet in orthopedic
      surgery].
AB  - In 49 patients undergoing surgery on the lower limb with the use of a tourniquet,
      arterial PO2 and PCO2 were determined. In 16 cases they were also determined in
      the ischemic limb. In 40 of these patients coagulation studies were done and in 8
      cases on blood from both the general circulation and from the ischemic limb. Some
      minutes after recirculation, PCO2 of the general circulation increased by 6.7 +/-
      9 mm Hg. This increase is closely correlated with ischemia time and patient's
      weight. In the ischemic limb, PCO2 is about 72 +/- 10 mm Hg. In the general
      circulation, PO2 decreased by 21,6 +/- 42 mm Hg after recirculation. The most
      important changes were found in aged patients. PO2 in the ischemic limb decreased
      by 19 mm Hg. The changes in systemic PO2 and PCO2 are probably due to the return
      of blood from the ischemic limb in the general circulation. No changes of the
      coagulation factors were found with the exception of a small increase of anti
      plasmine. Fibrinolysis occurred in 5 of the 8 patients studied.

PMID- 6442190
TI  - [Hemodynamic and respiratory variations caused by halothane and enflurane].

PMID- 6442191
TI  - [Effects of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate on the nutritional state of intensive
      care patients].
AB  - Alpha ketoglutarate d'ornithine effects on the nutritional status of patients in
      an Intensive Care Unit are studied. The authors have chosen a random sample of 44
      patients with diseases of comparable severity for paired comparison. Treatment is
      applied at a dosage of 25 g per day with intravenous nutrition and/or oral
      feeding (150 Kcal/g of excreted nitrogen). Statistical analysis shows a
      significant improvement of nitrogen balance and prealbumine level, non
      significant changes for the other criteria. Alpha ketoglutarate of ornithine
      influences favorably nitrogen balance, prealbumine levels and the nutritional
      status.

PMID- 6442192
TI  - [Precautions in asepsis in venous catheterization].

PMID- 6442193
TI  - [Hypocaloric nutrition or strict protein intake in the postoperative period].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to verify the statements of Blackburn concerning
      the positive effects of strict nitrogen hypocaloric diets. Three groups of 10
      postoperative patients received hypocaloric diets. A carbohydrate diet of 200
      grams was given to the first series of patients, a nitrogen diet of 12.4 to the
      second and finally a carbohydrate-protein diet consisting of 200 grams Sorbitol
      and 12.4 grams nitrogen to the third. Patients were followed for five days. The
      existence of post-aggression reactions was determined through measurements of GH,
      Cortisol, glycemia, insulinemia, fatty acids and ketone bodies. Patients under
      the strict nitrogen diet presented a less elevated hyperglycemia than the other
      groups. Insulinemia was also lower with values returning to normal by the second
      day. This same group showed a significant rise of free fatty acids with
      ketonemia, an obvious sign of lipolysis. The respiratory quotient, near 0.7, was
      also indicative of lipolysis. The cumulative nitrogen balance over five days was
      much less negative than for patients under a strictly carbohydrate diet: the
      nitrogen balance closest to zero was however obtained for patients under the
      carbohydrate-protein diet. The combined analysis of the respiratory quotient and
      the nitrogen balance allowed an evaluation of the respective participation of
      lipid and carbohydrate nutriments to the energy supply in function of the three
      types of diet. Lipid participation was of 36% under the carbohydrate diet, 48%
      under the carbohydrate-protein diet and 84% under the strictly protein diet.

PMID- 6442194
TI  - [Anesthesia programmed by enflurane].
AB  - A microcomputer type 6502 is the central unity of a volatile anaesthetic injector
      for use in a closed circuit breathing system. Estimated calculations for quantity
      of anaesthetic liquid are done in agreement with the formula of J.W. Severinghaus
      and H. Lowe. Clinical assay is realised with enflurane. The syringe efficacy is
      controlled by permanent recorder of halogenate concentration in upper airways Fi
      FA: infrared analysor cosma Rubis 3000).

PMID- 6442195
TI  - [The flunitrazepam-phenoperidine combination in neuroradiology without
      intubation].

PMID- 6442196
TI  - Monitoring the treatment of Paget's disease with etidronate.

PMID- 6442197
TI  - Local bone growth factors.

PMID- 6442198
TI  - Calcitonin levels in sera of infants and children: relations to age and periods
      of bone growth.
AB  - Serum calcitonin levels have been reported to be elevated in premature and
      newborn infants, a period of maximal rate of bone growth. To determine whether
      calcitonin remains elevated during the first year of life, a time of rapid
      extrauterine bone growth, fasting serum calcitonin levels were determined in 31
      hospitalized infants and children ages 24 weeks gestation to 6 years. Calcitonin
      levels were significantly higher in the premature and newborn infants than in the
      first year of life. However, calcitonin levels in the first year of life were
      still significantly higher than during the second to sixth years. This fall in
      serum calcitonin levels parallels the age-related decline in rate of bone growth.
      One can speculate that the changes in serum calcitonin levels during the first
      year of life may indicate that it plays a role in bone growth or mineralization.
      However, the possibility that the changes in calcitonin levels are unrelated to
      changes in bone growth or mineralization has not been ruled out.

PMID- 6442199
TI  - Bone mass as referent for urinary hydroxyproline excretion: age and sex-related
      changes in 125 normals and in primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Fasting urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio (OHPr:Cr) and bone mineral
      content of the forearm (BMC) were measured in 125 normals, 67 females and 58
      males, aged 20-79 years, and in 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In
      normals, both variables were significantly correlated to age and sex. The
      interrelation of OHPr:Cr and BMC was studied in subgroups of normals who were
      supposedly in metabolic balance, that is, females aged 20-39 years (n = 24) and
      males aged 20-49 years (n = 29). In both sexes OHPr:Cr and BMC were positively
      correlated: r = 0.60 and 0.58, respectively (P less than 0.001). On this basis,
      BMC correction of all OHPr:Cr values was undertaken now revealing a stable
      increased level of bone resorption per unit of bone mass in postmenopausal
      females. In males OHPr:Cr per unit of BMC remained unaltered throughout life. In
      primary hyperparathyroidism, in which increased bone resorption is inherent, the
      discriminatory power of OHPr:Cr was significantly improved when calculated per
      unit of BMC (P less than 0.001). These observations suggest that estimation of
      bone resorption by use of OHPr:Cr requires adjustment for differences in bone
      mass.

PMID- 6442200
TI  - Cultured human monocytes and fibroblasts solubilize calcium phosphate crystals.
AB  - Two rheumatic syndromes associated with deposition of calcium phosphate crystals
      in soft tissues of the shoulder have prompted us to study the cellular mechanisms
      of calcium phosphate crystal solubilization. Synthetic 45Ca labeled calcium
      phosphate crystal aggregates were solubilized by cultured human fibroblasts or
      monocytes. Such solubilization required crystal cell contact and was inhibited by
      chloroquine and ammonium. We hypothesize that the mechanism of crystal
      solubilization involves phagocytosis followed by dissolution in the acidic
      environment of secondary lysosomes. Study of the mechanism of calcium phosphate
      solubilization may be important in understanding resorption of extra-osseus as
      well as osseus calcification. Intracellular release of calcium from calcium
      phosphate crystals may also explain our previous observation that hydroxyapatite
      and other calcium-containing crystals are mitogenic stimuli for fibroblasts and
      synovial cells.

PMID- 6442201
TI  - Metabolites of vitamin D in normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic mice.
AB  - Hyp mice are a model for human X-linked hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant
      rickets.) To determine whether an abnormality of vitamin D metabolism exists in
      this disease, the profiles of the metabolites of vitamin D were determined in
      normal and Hyp mouse plasma. Hyp and normal mice were fed a vitamin D-deficient
      diet and received 1,2 3H-vitamin D3 at 16 Ci/mmol by stomach tube at 5 ng/g body
      weight (0.21 microCi/g b.w.) on alternate days for 14 days. The dose of vitamin D
      given maintained near normal plasma 25-OH-vitamin D. Thus the mice were in a
      vitamin D-replete state with all metabolite pools labeled with 3H. Plasma was
      collected from 4 normal and 4 Hyp mice. The plasma was extracted, and the
      extracts were chromatographed separately for each mouse on an LH-20 column. Each
      major peak of radioactivity was rechromatographed using high performance liquid
      chromatography on a Zorbax-Sil column using solvent systems known to resolve
      several vitamin D metabolites. Twenty-one radio-active peaks were identified. The
      disintegrations per minute of 3H in each peak were quantified and converted to
      plasma concentration using the known specific activity of the administered
      vitamin D. The 25-OH-vitamin D accounted for 55% of the circulating
      radioactivity, and 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D accounted for 22%. The plasma levels of
      24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D were similar to levels previously reported by us using
      protein binding assays. No peaks of radioactivity were missing in the plasma
      extracts of the Hyp mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442202
TI  - The effect of differing dietary calcium and phosphorus contents on mineral
      metabolism and bone histomorphometry in young vitamin D-replete baboons.
AB  - Young baboons were fed semisynthetic, vitamin D-containing diets differing in
      calcium and/or phosphorus content over a 16 month study period. Diets low in
      calcium alone or low in both calcium and phosphorus led to the development of
      radiologic rickets and histologic features of osteomalacia at both 8 and 16
      months. The diet which was low in calcium but which had a normal phosphorus
      content was associated with histologic features of hyperparathyroidism at 16
      months; such features did not develop in animals fed the low calcium, low
      phosphorus diet. Biochemically the low calcium, normal phosphorus diet was
      associated with a transient fall in serum calcium around 8 months, and a more
      persistent elevation in serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase values during
      the latter half of the study. These biochemical changes were not seen in the
      baboons on the low calcium, low phosphorus diet. These results confirm that
      histological changes can occur as a result of dietary calcium deprivation in
      vitamin D-replete animals.

PMID- 6442203
TI  - Aqueous density fractionation of mineralizing tissues: an efficient method
      applied to the preparation of enamel fractions suitable for crystal and protein
      studies.
AB  - An aqueous density fractionation for calcifying tissues was tested for its
      ability to prepare fractions corresponding to precise mineralization stages,
      suitable for further protein and crystal studies. Two fractions of immature
      enamel corresponding to different densities were prepared, using cooled cesium
      salt saturated solutions, and compared for crystal size and amelogenin molecular
      weight distribution. For the first time, a steep increase in crystal width was
      directly correlated to protein degradation in keeping with increasing
      mineralization. Thus, this paper describes a method for obtaining an accurate
      fractionation of a calcifying tissue according to its true density heterogeneity.
      The recovered fractions are shown to be suitable for both crystal and protein
      studies.

PMID- 6442204
TI  - Identification of collagen type I and type II in chondroid tissue.
AB  - This paper deals with investigations concerning the matrix of chondroid tissue.
      Among the 73 human fetus or child mandibles and the 42 cat mandibles we have
      studied histologically and microradiographically, 8 human and 3 cat mandibles
      were used to determine the collagen composition in chondroid tissue matrix, and
      10 cat mandibles were analyzed in order to have an ultrastructural approach to
      chondroid tissue. Both in human and cat mandibles, types I and II collagen were
      identified by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques.
      Electron microscopic analysis shows large collagen fibrils which correspond to
      type I collagen, and smaller collagen fibrils, principally located at the
      periphery of the chondroid cells. From our investigations, chondroid tissue
      should be considered as being different from both bone and cartilage, although it
      is not a transitional tissue, since no transformation of chondroid tissue into
      bone is observed; it should be classified as an intermediate tissue between
      cartilage and bone because of its morphological characteristics.

PMID- 6442205
TI  - Changes in endochondral bone elongation rates during pregnancy and lactation in
      rats.
AB  - The rates of endochondral bone elongation during pregnancy and lactation in rats
      have been studied. The rate of growth at the distal femoral epiphyseal growth
      plate was measured using fluorescent bone markers. Endochondral growth rates were
      substantially increased in pregnant animals when compared with age-matched,
      nonmated controls. There were also increases in growth plate thickness,
      hypertrophic cell lacunar height, and the calculated rate of cell production
      during pregnancy. At parturition, this growth trend was reversed and during
      lactation there were significant decreases in endochondral growth rates. There
      were also corresponding decreases in growth plate thickness, hypertrophic cell
      lacunar height, and the calculated rate of cartilage cell production. These
      results indicate that significant changes occur in maternal endochondral growth
      rates during the reproductive cycle in rats.

PMID- 6442206
TI  - In vitro precocious accumulation of calcium and matrix vesicles formation in
      young cartilage cells: specific effects of corticosteroids.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of various corticosteroid and
      noncorticosteroid hormones upon the ultrastructure of chondroprogenitor cells and
      chondroblasts in an organ-culture system of late fetal condylar cartilage.
      Corticosteroids, (triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, corticosterone) at
      concentrations of 10(-6) - 10(-8)M stimulated markedly a precocious formation of
      matrix vesicles by chondroblasts. This stimulation was accompanied by a
      significant accretion of calcium complexes intra- and extracellularly in both the
      chondroprogenitor cell population and chondroblasts in vitro, as well as in the
      newly induced matrix vesicles. Nonglucocorticoid steroids (progesterone,
      estradiol, testosterone, cortexolone) did not evoke similar effects. Progesterone
      and testosterone, however, seemed to adversely affect the ultrastructure of the
      cartilage cells, whereas estradiol appeared to have a favorable effect on the
      morphology of cultured condylar cartilage.

PMID- 6442208
TI  - Racial differences in calcitonin and katacalcin.
AB  - Profound racial differences exist in the incidence of osteoporosis, particularly
      in women. To investigate possible underlying reasons for this, we have measured
      the circulating levels of calcitonin (iCT), a bone-protecting hormone, and its
      flanking peptide, katacalcin (iKC), in black Gambian and white British
      populations. Whilst sex differences in both peptides were observed, with males
      having higher levels than females, the most striking finding was that white women
      have the lowest iCT levels. This important observation may explain, at least in
      part, why osteoporosis is particularly a disease of white, postmenopausal women.

PMID- 6442207
TI  - Mechanisms of bone resorption in calcium-deficient rats.
AB  - A study of surface remodeling activity and osteocyte lacunar area was made in
      young and adult rats maintained on a low-calcium diet, to explore cellular
      mechanisms of bone resorption. The diet produced active remodeling of the
      endosteal part of the femoral cortex, with a decrease in the amount of bone
      present. Surface resorption, with numerous osteoclasts, was evident, but there
      was no evidence of osteocytic osteolysis in bone which, by tetracycline labeling,
      could be identified as existing at the commencement of the experimental period.
      Osteocyte lacunae in bone formed during the period of calcium deprivation were
      somewhat larger than lacunae in control animals, apparently because of
      interference with the formation or maturation of the perilacunar tissue.

PMID- 6442209
TI  - Release of ferrous iron from ferritin by liver microsomes: a possible role in the
      toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
AB  - Nonheme iron is synergistic with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in
      producing hepatotoxicity in mice. Fe2+ rather than Fe3+ is the probable toxin and
      we speculated that TCDD, an inducer of microsomal electron transport, might
      favour reduction of iron. We have defined a system which will release Fe2+ from
      ferritin (Fe3+) under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of added flavin
      mononucleotide (FMN). The rate of reduction iron was proportional (a) to
      microsomal protein from 0.5 to greater than 3 mg/mL, (b) to the activity of NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase over 0.1 U/mL, (c) to ferritin at concentrations exceeding
      iron concentrations greater than 200 mumol/L, and (d) to the concentration of FMN
      when it was less than 125 mumol/L. The system was approximately twice as active
      with NADPH as with NADH as electron donor. The linear phase of iron release did
      not commence immediately, but followed a delay (+/- 0.5 min) after adding FMN to
      an anaerobic mixture containing microsomes, ferritin, an NADPH-generating system,
      and an oxygen-scavenging system. When microsomes from untreated, phenobarbital
      treated (3 days), or TCDD-treated (1 or 3 weeks) rats were compared, iron release
      correlated most closely with the cytochrome P-450 concentration. However, when
      the microsomal proteins were solubilized and the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and
      cytochrome P-450 activities were separated, reduction of ferritin iron was shown
      to be a function only of the reductase fraction, except that the delay in
      initiating release of Fe2+ was increased with purified reductase and decreased
      when a monooxygenase system was reconstituted with cytochrome (phenobarbital or
      TCDD induced) and lipid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442210
TI  - Hepoxilin A, hydroxyepoxide metabolite of arachidonic acid, stimulates transport
      of 45Ca across the guinea pig visceral yolk sac.
AB  - The effect of hepoxilin A, a newly isolated hydroxyepoxide metabolite of
      arachidonic acid, on calcium transport across the visceral yolk sac membrane of
      the guinea pig was investigated in vitro in Ussing chambers. While 1-14C-labelled
      hepoxilin A itself was not transported across the membrane, it increased the rate
      of transport of calcium toward the side to which hepoxilin A was added. The
      degree of increase in calcium transport was similar whether hepoxilin A was added
      to the maternal side or to the fetal side of the membrane. The observed effect
      was dependent on the concentration of hepoxilin A over a narrow range (0.5-1.0 X
      10(-6) M). It was also dependent on the time of incubation reaching maximal
      effect by 25 min. We have recently observed that hepoxilin A is formed from
      platelet-derived 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) through hemin and
      hemoglobin catalysis as well as during perifusion of 12-HPETE through isolated
      pancreatic islets. The present study suggests that hepoxilin A, if formed in
      vivo, could play a role in the mobilization of calcium.

PMID- 6442211
TI  - A two-year follow-up of a comparative trial of the cost-effectiveness of home and
      hospital psychiatric treatment.
AB  - The manpower and operating cost of home-based treatment was compared with the
      manpower and operating cost of hospital-based treatment during the second year
      and at the end of two years of treatment. Of the 155 patients destined to receive
      inpatient treatment, 76 were randomly assigned to home treatment, 79 to hospital
      treatment. The two groups were similar as to important social, demographic, and
      clinical characteristics, including psychiatric diagnosis. The manpower and
      operating cost of treatment, measured in two ways, was similar in the two groups
      during the second year. However, over the 2-year period hospital-based treatment
      of patients in each of the three diagnostic groups was more expensive than home
      based treatment. Also, regardless of which treatment was given, the cost of
      treating schizophrenics was higher than the cost of treating manic-depressives
      which, in turn, was higher than the cost of treating individuals with depressive
      neurosis. Treatment failures were discussed. Over the 2-year period, failures in
      home-based treatment accounted for 39.1% of the total manpower and operating cost
      of home-based treatment, calculated according to Cost Model 1, and for 67.1% of
      the cost calculated according to Cost Model 2. The concept of failure in hospital
      based treatment is also discussed.

PMID- 6442212
TI  - Rate, mechanism, and immunochemical studies of lactonisation in serogroup B and C
      polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - Meningococcal Serogroup B polysaccharide and colominic acid, which are (2----8)
      alpha-linked homopolymers of sialic acid, undergo lactonisation at low pH at a
      rate which is dependent upon the molecular size and upon the salt form (Na+ or
      Ca2+). Meningococcal Serogroup C polysaccharide, a (2----9)-alpha-linked
      homopolymer of sialic acid with acetyl groups present at O-7 and/or O-8, reacts
      with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide to give an O-acylisourea. The
      rate of formation of O-acylisourea does not differ substantially between O
      acetylated (O-Ac+) C, non-O-acetylated (O-Ac-) C, and B polysaccharide. 13C
      N.m.r. spectroscopy shows that, in the absence of O-acetyl groups, the majority
      of the activated carboxyl groups of C polysaccharide condense with an adjacent HO
      8 to form a delta-lactone. Immunochemical studies show that the antigenicity of B
      polysaccharide is markedly reduced on lactonisation of less than 20%, as measured
      by a radioimmunoassay using an anti-B monoclonal antibody, and that low-molecular
      weight colominic acid is poorly antigenic both before and after lactonisation,
      suggesting the presence of conformational determinants on B polysaccharide. In
      contrast, lactonisation and/or formation of O-acylisourea groups in the (O-Ac+)-C
      polysaccharide does not cause a significant decrease in the antigenicity, which
      is consistent with a sequential (structural) determinant on the molecule.

PMID- 6442213
TI  - Penicillinase producing gonococci.

PMID- 6442214
TI  - Effect of the local anesthetic dibucaine on the surface membrane in sterol
      manipulated Tetrahymena pyriformis studied by freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy.
AB  - The effect of the local anesthetic dibucaine on the membrane ultrastructure of
      sterol-manipulated Tetrahymena pyriformis (NT-1 strain) was studied by freeze
      fracture electron microscopy. Dibucaine-treated, ergosterol-replaced Tetrahymena
      cells had marked alterations in their plasma membranes. IMP-free small
      depressions (exoplasmic fracture face) and protrusions (protoplasmic fracture
      face) were formed on the plasma membranes which was in contact with the outer
      alveolar membrane. In addition, large IMP-free surface "blebs" covered with
      hexagonally-arranged depressions and protrusions appeared on both the plasma and
      outer alveolar membranes. These "blebs" were pinched off when the membranes were
      severely affected. Our previous study (28) demonstrated that the plasma membrane
      of dibucaine-treated native Tetrahymena cells that contain tetrahymanol showed
      vertical displacement of its intramembranous particles and that subsequently a
      smooth, flat surface appeared. Therefore, the structural changes in ergosterol
      replaced membranes produced by dibucaine differ strikingly from changes in the
      native membranes. The remarkable difference in the ultrastructural deformation of
      the plasma membrane probably is due to a difference in the membrane lipid
      composition induced by sterol-manipulation.

PMID- 6442215
TI  - Bacillus subtilis spores as a natural pro-host oral agent. Preliminary data in
      children.
AB  - The commercial preparation of Bacillus subtilis spores may be considered within
      the classification of biological response modifiers (BRM's) and included among
      exogenous natural substances. Recently we decided to study the effect of a long
      term B. subtilis spores oral treatment in children suffering from recurrent
      infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. Fifty-three children 5-9 years old
      have been studied. The clinical valuative parameter was the number of days of
      absence from school during a 4-month period. In another group of 12 diseased
      children, mean age 5.5 yrs we recently initiated a laboratory immunological
      evaluation of peripheral lymphomonocytes in relation to an oral treatment with B.
      subtilis spores for at least 2 months. Our results show that B. subtilis spore
      therapy significantly reduced the frequency of respiratory tract infections in
      the group of treated children. In addition, preliminary immunological laboratory
      evaluation demonstrated a complete return to the normal lymphomonocyte status
      after at least 2 months of treatment with B. subtilis spores.

PMID- 6442216
TI  - Antimycobacterial activity of rifaximin (L/105) in experimental tuberculosis in
      the guinea pig.
AB  - The antimycobacterial activity of rifaximin was studied in the guinea pig, after
      oral administration. The experiment confirmed the scanty absorption of rifaximin
      in the gastrointestinal tract, as the two dosages used (60 and 30 mg/kg) did not
      modify the tubercular illness after four months of therapy. Furthermore,
      sensitivity to rifaximin of the callenging Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated at
      the end of the study from the spleen, lung, liver and lymph nodes of the guinea
      pigs that received rifaximin did not change.

PMID- 6442217
TI  - Radioactive metal complexes of ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid. Biodistribution
      of radioactivity in mice bearing tumors.

PMID- 6442218
TI  - Isolation and structure elucidation of teleocidin B-1, B-2, B-3, and B-4.

PMID- 6442219
TI  - [SMON syndrome. First case after abuse of a methylated hydroxyquinoline
      derivative].

PMID- 6442220
TI  - Improved haemagglutination reagent for detecting antibodies to insulin in
      diabetic and non-diabetic young and old patients.
AB  - A stable reagent of insulin-coated erythrocytes was developed for easy
      measurement of antibodies to insulin. For this measurement, the principle of
      graded haemagglutination (GH) was successfully applied. All of 100 healthy, young
      to middle-aged controls, had no detectable antibodies. The incidence of
      antibodies was not higher in diabetic patients injected with highly purified
      porcine insulin, than in those not injected. A high incidence of antibodies to
      insulin was found among chronic elderly patients, amounting to 41% of the
      symptomatically non-diabetic and 77% of the diabetic.

PMID- 6442221
TI  - The effect of reduction of IgM on the quantitative determination of IgM by radial
      immunodiffusion and turbidimetry.
AB  - The behaviour of different IgM proteins in radial immunodiffusion was
      investigated. In agreement with earlier findings differences were observed
      between various IgM preparations, which disappeared after reduction of IgM. The
      amount of IgM in several standard sera, that are used for the quantitative
      determination of IgM, was measured by radial immunodiffusion after reduction of
      IgM, and was found to be lower than hitherto accepted. It was observed that it
      was not necessary to perform reduction of IgM before its quantitation when a
      turbidimetric immunoassay was used. We conclude that (1) the standard sera that
      are used for the determination of IgM have to be calibrated in radial
      immunodiffusion after reduction of IgM and (2) the absolute amount of IgM in sera
      is about 0.6 times the amount that is commonly accepted.

PMID- 6442222
TI  - Purification and characterization of a pancreas cancer-associated antigen from
      normal colonic mucosa.
AB  - Pancreas cancer-associated antigen (PCAAc) was extracted, isolated and purified
      from human normal colonic mucosa. Purified PCAAc from normal colonic mucosa was
      homogeneous, as determined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The PCAAc
      had a molecular weight of approximately 600 000 and consisted of 30% carbohydrate
      and 70% protein. It had an isoelectric point of 4.4, and migrated to the alpha 2
      beta region on immunoelectrophoresis. It was apparently different from other
      known gastrointestinal mucus antigens. Antiserum against purified PCAAc did not
      react with normal human serum, pancreas, liver, spleen or lung, but did react
      with ascites fluid from a patient with pancreatic cancer. PCAAc appears to be a
      mucus antigen that is associated with pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 6442223
TI  - Increased incidence of side effects after encainide: a newly developed
      antiarrhythmic drug.
AB  - In a clinical trial the efficacy of encainide, a newly developed class I
      antiarrhythmic agent, was compared with the well-known mexiletine. Nine patients
      with different underlying cardiac disease and chronic complex ventricular
      ectopies (documented by 24-h Holter monitoring, confirmed during the initial
      placebo period) entered the study. The dosage of encainide was increased from 25
      to 75 mg three times daily and the antiarrhythmic effect monitored by repeated 24
      h Holter registration and in some patients by treadmill exercise testing. During
      the clinical followup we noted a high incidence of so-called "minor side effects"
      (headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tremor, and nausea), which caused us to
      terminate the study. In all instances adverse effects emerged before ectopic
      activity was suppressed satisfactorily prohibiting further increment of dosage.
      These results indicate that encainide cannot be regarded as an antiarrhythmic
      drug of first choice in routine clinical application.

PMID- 6442224
TI  - The use of encainide in atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Based on its electrophysiologic characteristics, encainide, a new type 1
      antiarrhythmic agent, was selected for a therapeutic trial in a case of
      refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. This approach represents an attempt to
      manage the pathophysiologic disturbance of atrial fibrillation by selection of a
      drug that would be expected to have specific effects on the conduction system.

PMID- 6442225
TI  - The activity of natural killer cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: I.
      The effect of drugs used in vivo.
AB  - The role of natural killer (NK) cells in vivo remains uncertain, but they have
      been implicated in a number of protective and aggressive host responses. We have
      found the NK activity of most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to be
      significantly depressed below the values for a control healthy population. This
      depression is not related to the use of myochrysine, methotrexate or
      penicillamine. Auranofin, which has a stimulatory effect in vitro, seemed in vivo
      to cause a further depression. ASA and indomethacin, when given to normal
      subjects, stimulated NK activity. The reduced NK activities seen in patients with
      RA taking these and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents remains
      unexplained.

PMID- 6442227
TI  - Serum growth hormone (GH) and the responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) in diabetes mellitus: lack of evidence for TRH evoked GH secretion.
AB  - Since TRH has been reported to evoke GH secretion in diabetic patients, we have
      investigated the influences of the enhanced GH secretion normally seen in
      diabetic patients on this response by measuring serum GH concentrations in 27 non
      ketotic, stable, insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients (14 male, 13 female).
      GH concentrations were measured over periods of 1 hr prior to and 1 hr following
      IV administration of both 200 micrograms TRH and 2 ml N Saline given on separate
      days. GH concentrations were not statistically significantly different between
      males and females during the two 120 min test periods and in individual patients
      GH concentrations did not differ significantly at any time during the tests.
      Sixteen of the 27 patients (Group 1) demonstrated elevation of serum GH following
      TRH, which was not statistically different from 11 of 27 patients who showed
      increased GH concentrations following saline administration. Seven subjects (4
      male, 3 female) had a higher peak GH concentration following TRH than during
      their own 2 pre-injection test periods or following saline. Eleven patients
      failed to show any GH rise following IV TRH (Group 2). During the TRH test
      periods integrated GH concentrations in Group 1 patients were not statistically
      significantly different from those of Group 2: Group 1, 7.1 (0.7-15.8) (median
      and range) mU.min.l(-1), Group 2, 2.7 (0.4-25.4) mU.min.l(-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442226
TI  - Treatment of type I diabetic with subcutaneous insulin resistance by a totally
      implantable insulin infusion device ("Infusaid").
AB  - A 22-yr-old diabetic female is described who developed insulin resistance due to
      subcutaneous (and intramuscular) "malabsorption" of insulin resulting in
      recurrent ketoacidosis and sepsis. Intravenous insulin sensitivity was
      maintained. Diverse attempts to prevent metabolic decompensation by "external"
      methods failed. The insulin resistance was treated successfully by a totally
      implantable insulin infusion device ("INFUSAID") with no episodes of ketoacidosis
      in the 6 months following implantation. With this constant rate insulin infusion
      pump, and no supplementation of insulin dose by other means, the plasma glucose
      control is excellent and serum lipid and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) levels
      have returned to normal.

PMID- 6442228
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plasma von Willebrand factor
      variations, as induced by forearm venous stasis in patients with diabetic
      microangiopathy.
AB  - Plasma von Willebrand factor was studied for quantitative and qualitative
      assessment in basal conditions and after release from the endothelium, as
      elicited by venous stasis of the forearm, in 8 healthy subjects and 8 patients
      with diabetic microangiopathy. von Willebrand factor was measured as factor VIII
      related antigen (VIII R:Ag) and ristocetin co-factor (VIII R:Co). Its molecular
      size distribution was evaluated by bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis. The
      patients had higher basal levels of VIII R:Ag (171 +/- 45% vs 64 +/- 11% of
      plasma pooled from 20 healthy donors, p less than 0.05) and VIII R:Co (144 +/-
      11% vs 88 +/- 8%, p less than 0.01). After stasis, both moieties increased
      significantly in the 2 groups, remaining higher in the patients (VIII R:Ag = 292
      +/- 74% vs 89 +/- 18%, p = 0.01; VIII R:Co = 216 +/- 25% vs 116 +/- 10%, p less
      than 0.01). No differences in the molecular size distribution were observed
      between patients and controls, nor within the 2 groups before and after stasis.
      It is concluded that, in diabetic microangiopathy, the endothelial cells
      synthesize and store increased amounts of structurally normal von Willebrand
      factor.

PMID- 6442229
TI  - Endonuclease J: a site-specific endonuclease cleaving immunoglobulin genes.

PMID- 6442230
TI  - Effect of dose on the pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel in the rat during the
      rapid elimination phase following subcutaneous administration.
AB  - Adult female rats were given a single, subcutaneous injection of 8, 16 or 32
      micrograms of levonorgestrel (LNG). Blood samples were collected at various time
      intervals and serum concentrations of LNG were determined by radioimmunoassay.
      The patterns of temporal decline in LNG concentrations in the three dose groups
      indicated that the pharmacokinetics of LNG during the post-absorptive, rapid
      elimination (beta) phase in the rat may be dose-dependent. Half-life, Co and AUC
      increased with the dose and -beta decreased as the dose increased. Mathematical
      relationships have been presented which can be used to predict the four
      parameters as well as concentrations of LNG at any given time after subcutaneous
      administration during the beta-phase for a given dose in the range of 8-32
      micrograms. Significance of dose-dependent pharmacokinetic studies is discussed.

PMID- 6442231
TI  - [Effect of calcitonin on the secretion of PRL, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, cortisol, T3 and
      T4].

PMID- 6442232
TI  - Pargyline and deprenyl prevent the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in monkeys.

PMID- 6442233
TI  - Evidence for heterogeneous rotational responsiveness to apomorphine, 3-PPP and
      SKF 38393 in 6-hydroxydopamine-denervated rats.
AB  - Several novel dopamine (DA) agonists (SKF 38393, 3-PPP, TL-99) have been reported
      to induce rotational behavior (RB) in rats unilaterally denervated of the nigro
      striatal pathway by 6-hydroxydopamine. Other reports have indicated no RB,
      however, and these drugs do not cause other behavioral manifestations of
      postsynaptic DA agonism. In the present experiments, two groups of 6
      hydroxydopamine-denervated rats were distinguished by their relative
      responsiveness to apomorphine-induced RB. A highly sensitive group showed maximal
      RB in response to doses as low as 0.03 mg/kg, while a less sensitive group
      exhibited comparable RB only in response to 15- to 20-fold higher doses. The high
      sensitivity group exhibited RB in response to SKF 38393, 3-PPP and pergolide, but
      the low sensitivity group did not show appreciable RB after these drugs, even at
      doses 50 to 100-fold higher. Haloperidol markedly attenuated apomorphine-induced
      RB in the low sensitivity subgroup, but only reduced by approximately one-half
      the number of turns induced by apomorphine or SKF 38393 in the high sensitivity
      group. The atypical antipsychotics, clozapine and RMI 81582, and the muscle
      relaxant, methocarbamol, reduced RB in all groups, but only at doses that caused
      performance impairment in a rotorod test. These results appear to reflect
      qualitative differences in responsiveness to different DA agonists. Behavioral
      preselection of 6-hydroxydopamine-denervated animals is necessary to achieve
      consistent pharmacological results with the 6-hydroxydopamine RB model.

PMID- 6442234
TI  - Strategies for the control of malnutrition and the influence of the nutritional
      sciences.

PMID- 6442235
TI  - Studies on cysteine-induced hemolysis.
AB  - Two mechanisms of cysteine-induced lysis of washed rat erythrocytes appear to
      exist; one operating at low, the other at somewhat higher cysteine concentration.
      DETAPAC (20 microM) and EDTA (0.1 mM) markedly reduced the effect of the latter
      mechanism. Copper and iron ions, ascorbate, dehydroascorbate and glucose
      protected the erythrocytes against cysteine-induced hemolysis, while superoxide
      dismutase, catalase, hydroxyl radical scavengers and antioxidants had no effect.
      The hemolytic action of cysteine seems to be associated with the stability of the
      cysteine sulfhydryl group.

PMID- 6442236
TI  - Differences in protein phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro between wild type and
      dunce mutant strains of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The protein phosphorylation patterns of wild type and dunce mutant strains of
      Drosophila melanogaster, as detected by sodium dodecylsulfate-gel electrophoresis
      and autoradiography, have been compared. After labelling in vivo with 32Pi or in
      vitro in homogenates with [gamma-32P]ATP, radioactive bands at and above apparent
      polypeptide mol. wt approximately 110,000 were more pronounced in dunce fly heads
      than in wild type heads. When labelling in vitro, in dunceM11 there appeared a
      radioactive band at apparent mol. wt approximately equal to 53,000 that was
      faintly visible in the wild strain. The same band could be intensified in both
      strains by adding cyclic AMP to the homogenate or by performing homogenization in
      the presence of theophylline. The data suggest that the mol. wt approximately
      equal to 53,000 protein is a substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 6442237
TI  - Renin inhibitors containing 2-substituted statine.

PMID- 6442238
TI  - Characterization of clathrin and clathrin-associated proteins.

PMID- 6442239
TI  - Semliki forest virus entry and the endocytic pathway.

PMID- 6442241
TI  - Report of the third workshop of the EASD study group on artificial insulin
      delivery systems, pancreas and islet transplantation (AIDSPIT). 5-7 February
      1984, Igls, Austria.

PMID- 6442240
TI  - Impaired autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate in type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients with nephropathy.
AB  - The effect of acute lowering of arterial blood pressure upon kidney function in
      nephropathy was studied in 13 patients with long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes. Ten normal subjects (six normotensive and four hypertensive) and five
      short-term Type 1 diabetic patients without nephropathy served as controls. Renal
      function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (single bolus 51Cr-EDTA
      technique) and urinary albumin excretion rate (radial immunodiffusion). The study
      was performed twice within 2 weeks, with the subjects receiving an intravenous
      injection of either clonidine (225 micrograms) or saline (0.154 mmol/l). The
      arterial blood pressure was similar in the diabetic patients with nephropathy
      (mean 136 +/- 11 divided by 88 +/- mmHg) and in the non-diabetic control subjects
      (mean 140 +/- 25 divided by 92 +/- 15 mmHg). The clonidine injection induced
      similar reductions in mean arterial blood pressure in all three groups (16-18
      mmHg). While glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion rate
      remained unchanged in both control groups after clonidine injection, glomerular
      filtration rate diminished from 78 to 71 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (p les than 0.01),
      and urinary albumin excretion declined from 1707 to 938 micrograms/min (p less
      than 0.01) in the patients with diabetic nephropathy. Our results suggest that an
      intrinsic vascular (arteriolar) mechanism underlying the normal autoregulation of
      glomerular filtration rate, i.e. the relative constancy of glomerular filtration
      rate that occurs in response to rather wide variations in perfusion pressure, is
      defective in diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 6442242
TI  - Immunological study on the wall proteins of different fruiting portions in
      Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer and Agaricus bisporus (Lge.) Sing.
AB  - Immunological techniques are useful to clarify the sistematic scheme utilized for
      mushrooms. By comparing the various fruiting portions, a different composition in
      protein was observed in the cell wall of spores, pileus and stipe. The
      differences were present both in Agaricus bisporus and in Pleurotus ostreatus.
      The results indicate that a well definite choice of the utilized portions is
      necessary for comparative studies. In the Basidiomycetes the meiospores represent
      the more useful development stage to carry out immunological comparisons.

PMID- 6442244
TI  - Perspectives on health economics. 2. The economist's toolkit.

PMID- 6442243
TI  - Epilepsy in children.

PMID- 6442245
TI  - [Factors determining the efficiency of voluntary decreased ventilation during
      muscle work by using instrumental feedback].

PMID- 6442246
TI  - [Hemorheologic and coagulation study in a group of patients with diabetic
      retinopathy].

PMID- 6442247
TI  - [Effect of storage conditions for the raw stock on the specific activity of
      antirhesus immunoglobulin].

PMID- 6442248
TI  - The effect of glutaraldehyde and phalloidin on the conformation of F-actin.

PMID- 6442249
TI  - Suppression of ribosomal RNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6442250
TI  - Expression of a chloramphenicol-resistance determinant carried on hybrid plasmids
      in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - To analyse the control of chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance conferred by the
      Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB112, a detailed restriction map of this plasmid
      has been constructed, and the position and orientation of the cat gene have been
      determined. An MboI restriction fragment carrying the entire cat gene of pUB112
      was then cloned in another S. aureus plasmid, the kanamycin (Km) resistance
      vector pUB110. Depending on the orientation of the incorporated cat fragment, the
      level of Cm resistance varied dramatically in Bacillus subtilis cells. This
      effect could not be eliminated by deleting parts of the vector DNA, and only the
      introduction of a transcription termination signal led to orientation-independent
      Cm resistance. One such construct was further developed to yield a shuttle
      vector, replicating both in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis. Using this vector
      the expression of incorporated genes can be determined in both Gram-positive and
      Gram-negative bacteria. By in vitro transcription experiments using pUB110 DNA
      linearized with various restriction endonucleases as template, two pUB110
      promoters could be localized and their orientations determined: one promoter
      controls a gene whose function is unknown, the other regulates the transcription
      of the KmR gene.

PMID- 6442251
TI  - Physical map of the Bacillus subtilis replication terminus region: its
      confirmation, extension and genetic orientation.
AB  - The library of Bacillus subtilis DNA previously cloned in the cosmid vector pHC79
      has been screened for the replication terminus region using a higher level of
      terminus probe. 24 of 48 recombinant cosmids which gave a positive response had
      restriction fragment compositions consistent with their inserts originating from
      or extending into the terminus region for which a 150-kb restriction map has
      already been constructed (Weiss and Wake, 1983). DNA spanning terC, the site of
      termination, appears to be missing from the library, although DNA to either side
      of terC has been cloned. A detailed analysis of four of the newly identified
      recombinant cosmids has confirmed most of the previous 150-kb map and allowed it
      to be extended to 180 kb. Physical linkage of the two cosmid inserts that most
      closely approach terC on each side has been demonstrated. The location of the
      genetic marker gltA and the orientation of the restriction map relative to the
      genetic map of the B. subtilis chromosome have also been established.

PMID- 6442252
TI  - Genetic and physical analysis of the ilvBC-leu region in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - We describe the cloning of a 6.0-kb PstI fragment of the Bacillus subtilis genome
      which contains much of the ilvBC-leu gene cluster. This plasmid clone and two
      others that had been previously isolated were characterized physically and
      genetically to permit the construction of a physical map of this region that is
      correlated to the genetic map.

PMID- 6442253
TI  - Cloning the Bacillus subtilis 168 aroC gene encoding dehydroquinase.
AB  - An approx. 14-kb Sau3A fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA containing the aroC and
      ser-22 genes has been isolated. Gene aroC is expressed in both B. subtilis and
      Escherichia coli and appears to contain its own promoter, allowing
      complementation in B. subtilis. However, expression in E. coli is dependent on
      insert orientation, so the direction of transcription can be deduced. The level
      of dehydroquinase-specific activity, encoded by the cloned aroC gene, is raised
      30- to 40-fold in both E. coli and B. subtilis. The clones are stable in both E.
      coli and B. subtilis but appear to have undergone several large deletions during
      their construction.

PMID- 6442254
TI  - [Methods of determining trace amounts of glutaraldehyde in aqueous solutions and
      their use in the control of residual amounts of the substance on sterilized metal
      instruments].

PMID- 6442255
TI  - [Microflora of sea shellfish].

PMID- 6442256
TI  - [Oculo-mandibulo-facial syndrome].

PMID- 6442257
TI  - Beyond DRGs: shifting the risk to providers.

PMID- 6442258
TI  - Health of the elderly: policy issues and challenges.

PMID- 6442259
TI  - Medicare physician payment, participation, and reform.

PMID- 6442260
TI  - Cost sharing lessons from the private sector.

PMID- 6442261
TI  - On the number of members of the genus Homo who have ever lived, and some
      evolutionary implications.

PMID- 6442262
TI  - ABO and RH blood groups and blood pressure in Jerusalem 17 year olds.

PMID- 6442263
TI  - Two new fetal thymocyte antigens, FT-1 and FT-2.

PMID- 6442264
TI  - Cell surface antigen expression on thymocytes: development and phenotypic
      differentiation of intrathymic subsets.
AB  - Our current working model incorporates features from both the previously accepted
      models of intrathymic differentiation and attempts to fit some of the more recent
      data regarding functional differentiation, as well as the fact that our
      understanding of the non-lymphoid components is only marginal at best. 1. There
      is indeed a high level of cell death in the cortex (in the Ly1,2,3+/L3T4+
      subpopulation). However, a small proportion of cells, perhaps the blasts with the
      same phenotype, escape the selective environment of the cortex and migrate into
      the medulla. Much of the cellular division in the thymus is either inappropriate
      or non-productive (discussed above). This is further supported by the recent
      indication that several cDNA clones derived from a thymocyte library have
      defective reading frames resulting in incomplete genetic coding for the beta
      chain of the T cell receptor molecule (Hedrick et al. 1984). 2. The "cortical"
      versus "medullary" phenotypes fail to distinguish immature versus mature
      (functional) subsets. The dLy1 cells, which are among the most immature
      thymocytes, as discussed above, are at least partially cortisone resistant and
      enriched in the PNA/NAg cells (Fowlkes et al., manuscript in preparation).
      Furthermore, low Thy-1 cells, a type of cell usually expected to be a mature,
      medullary thymocyte, are seen at the cortical, subcapsular sites as well as in
      the medulla (van Ewijk et al. 1981). 3. The dLy1 intrathymic progenitor cells
      appear to be radioresistant but capable of sustaining only limited self-renewal
      in irradiated thymi (Basch et al. 1978, Sharrow et al. 1983). The dLy1 cells have
      already been depleted from the intrathymic population when the peak of the first
      wave of cellular regeneration is detected in irradiation chimeras (Sharrow et al.
      1983). 4. Thymocytes with the dLy1 phenotype are proliferative, subcapsular
      (outer cortical) cells that represent a thymocyte progenitor pool which can be
      demonstrated to differentiate into Ly1,2+;L3T4+ cells in vitro (Ceredig et al.
      1983c, Fowlkes et al. 1984). In addition, the finding that the dLy1 cells can be
      seen as a high proportion of cells early in graft repopulation supports the
      concept that adult thymocyte differentiation follows the same pattern seen in
      fetal ontogeny. Thus an earlier suggestion that the fetal dLy1 cells would give
      rise directly to cells with a mature bLy1 phenotype (Mathieson et al. 1981) may
      be less likely. However, we may have been examining only one of two intrathymic
      progenitor subsets by the isolation of the dLy1 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6442265
TI  - Ly antigens associated with T cell recognition and effector function.

PMID- 6442266
TI  - T cell development in the adult murine thymus: changes in the expression of the
      surface antigens Ly2, L3T4 and B2A2 during development from early precursor cells
      to emigrants.

PMID- 6442268
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in cancer.

PMID- 6442267
TI  - Drosophila cells and ecdysterone: a model system for gene regulation.
AB  - When Drosophila cell lines are exposed to physiological doses of the steroid
      molting hormone, ecdysterone, they enter mitotic arrest and differentiate
      morphologically. These responses are accompanied by specific changes in gene
      expression. Several enzyme activities (acetylcholinesterase, beta-galactosidase,
      dopa decarboxylase, and catalase) are induced and the synthesis of a cytoplasmic
      actin and the four small heat-shock proteins is initiated. Several of these
      ecdysterone inducible genes have been physically isolated and characterized, in
      several cases by DNA sequencing. Current studies focus on introducing cloned
      ecdysterone inducible genes into responsive cells by DNA mediated transfection.
      Once it is clear that these introduced genes acquire the normal pattern of
      hormone-regulated gene expression in the cell, in vitro mutagenesis can be used
      before transfection to modify their structure. Transient expression, then, can
      become a functional assay to define regions of DNA flanking the coding region of
      inducible genes that are needed for proper gene expression and regulation in
      cultured cells.

PMID- 6442269
TI  - Characterization of lymphokine-mediated activation of macrophages for antigen
      presentation: studies with long-term cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages and
      cloned T cells.
AB  - In cultures of bone marrow (BM) supplemented with L cell-derived colony
      stimulating factor a pure population of macrophages (M phi) differentiates, which
      can be further propagated with a doubling time of 3.8 days. "Young" BMM phi
      obtained on day 8 of culture were shown to act as antigen-presenting cells
      inducing the antigen-specific proliferation of the cloned T cell line ST2/K.9,
      whereas "old" M phi had lost this ability. However, at any time tested (up to 132
      days) the presentation function of old BMM phi could be completely restored by
      pulsing the cells with lymphokines (LK). A duration of 11 hr for the LK-pulse was
      sufficient to trigger the M phi to exert an optimal presentation function. This
      activity could be maintained when the LK-treatment was prolonged (tested up to 17
      days). Activation was accompanied by a deceleration of growth. The LK effective
      in M phi activation were found to be contained in the supernatants of T cell
      lines stimulated by antigen or mitogen, and could be substituted by a low dose (5
      10 units/ml) of recombinant interferon-gamma. In direct comparison LK-triggered
      BMM phi presented antigen as efficiently as peritoneal exudate M phi activated in
      vivo by ConA. Moreover, primed lymph node T cells responded to antigen-presenting
      BMM phi in a similar way as ST2/K.9 T cells. Therefore, these findings obtained
      with long-term cultured cells can be expected to reflect a physiological
      mechanism for the amplification of the immune response.

PMID- 6442270
TI  - T-cell-lymphokines and the production and function of accessory cells.
AB  - The recent purification and cloning of T cell-derived growth factors, should lead
      to rapid progress in delineating their role in the generation of accessory cells
      and the regulation of their function. The techniques that have allowed detailed
      in vitro studies of the T-dependent mast cells, should be generally applicable to
      other bone-marrow-derived cells. Although the T-dependent mast cell (i.e. P
      cells) of the mouse appear to have a special propensity to persist in vitro and
      special techniques that promote the emergence of immortalized clones will
      probably be necessary to grow useful quantities of other cell-types in vitro
      using PSF, it should prove possible to develop factor-dependent lines of various
      bone-marrow-derived accessory cells such as dendritic cells and Langerhans cells.
      The availability of clonal populations will permit analysis of the interaction of
      factors such as haematopoietic growth factors, interferon, glucocorticoids and
      other mediators involved in inflammatory reactions such as the prostaglandins and
      leukotrienes - not only in the regulation of Ia-antigen expression but also in
      modulation of other accessory cell functions such as the secretion of IL-1 and
      perhaps ultimately the processing and presentation of antigens.

PMID- 6442271
TI  - Immunoregulation by vascular endothelial cells.

PMID- 6442272
TI  - Preponement of ovarian follicular development in the frog, Rana tigerina, using
      PMSG, HCG, growth hormone, heteroplastic pituitary pars distalis homogenate, FSH
      and LH.

PMID- 6442273
TI  - Penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoea from Chandigarh.

PMID- 6442274
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes as a new tool for classifying clinical isolates
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6442275
TI  - Drug resistant plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6442276
TI  - Role of carbogen in protection against noise induced hearing loss in man.

PMID- 6442277
TI  - Environmental virology. A review.

PMID- 6442278
TI  - Correlation of bronchial and dental flora in bronchiectasis--a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 6442279
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins, C3 and C4 levels in patients with burns.

PMID- 6442280
TI  - Studies on biochemical properties and aeruginocin typing of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa isolated from the frozen bull semen.

PMID- 6442281
TI  - Epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis in Sahel and Mongolia.
AB  - The epidemiological situation of meningococcal meningitis in the African
      meningitis belt and in Mongolia are presented. Studies on bacterial air pollution
      have been conducted in different types of dwellings in the two regions affected
      by meningococcal meningitis. Results have shown that during the dry (meningitis)
      season the air in dwellings is much more contaminated by bacteria, including
      those of oral origin, as a consequence of environmental conditions (crowding,
      activity, ventilation). A significant correlation between the bacterial counts
      and the incidence of meningococcal disease has been demonstrated. On the basis of
      the results obtained, measures can be recommended which could be used in the
      prevention of meningitis, especially in the case of a high prevalence of
      serogroups of meningococci other than those which can be efficiently controlled
      by immunization.

PMID- 6442282
TI  - Capsular polysaccharide vaccines today.
AB  - Polysaccharide (PS) vaccines are a relatively new class of antibacterial vaccines
      that have special advantages but also special problems related to their
      character. Several of them have proven very effective in preventing bacteremic
      infections caused by encapsulated bacteria such as meningococci, pneumococci and
      Haemophilus influenzae type b. Protective activity shows excellent correlation
      with serum anti-PS. However, young children often respond poorly to PS antigens
      and this limits the use of these vaccines in childhood. Some PS are poor
      immunizing agents even in adults. The practical implications of these aspects for
      the use and development of PS vaccines are discussed.

PMID- 6442283
TI  - A rapid radiometric method for detection of M. tuberculosis: optimization of
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 6442284
TI  - Direct evidence for a lithium-induced psoriasis syndrome.

PMID- 6442285
TI  - Inhibition of aminoacid decarboxylases by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
AB  - Several non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) were shown to inhibit to
      various extents the decarboxylases of ornithine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and
      tyrosine. The most sensitive enzyme was ornithine decarboxylase, for which
      piroxicam, benoxaprofen and aminophenazone showed an IC50 of 0.007 mM; ibuprofen
      competitively inhibits the lysine decarboxylase. The most effective NSAID's in
      inhibiting histidine decarboxylase were mefenamic acid, ibuprofen and flufenamic
      acid. Arginine and tyrosine decarboxylase were inhibited by NSAID's only at high
      concentrations. None of the decarboxylase inhibitions were reversed by pyridoxal
      phosphate. Subplantar injection of the 5 amines formed by these aminoacid
      decarboxylases elicited a paw oedema in rat which was not antagonized by the
      various NSAID's. Some of the NSAID's stimulated all the decarboxylases and did
      not antagonize the carrageenin-induced paw oedema. With one exception, all the
      NSAID's tested in vivo inhibited the elimination of 14CO2 from labeled ornithine
      and lysine. The inhibition of certain aminoacid decarboxylases, particularly
      ornithine and lysine decarboxylase, appears to be a noteworthy mechanism of
      action for certain NSAID's.

PMID- 6442286
TI  - Pseudoperiodic paroxysmal discharge in a case of hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - We report a case of hemorrhagic shock associated with an EEG pattern resembling
      pseudoperiodic lateralized paroxysmal discharges, repeated focal motor seizures
      on the opposite side of the prevalent EEG abnormalities and consciousness
      disturbances in the absence of a demonstrable cerebral lesion occurring in a 45
      year-old woman without a personal or familial history of epilepsy. This unusual
      electroclinical picture appeared inexplicably several days after the hemorrhagic
      shock when the laboratory data had already normalized. The only cause of this
      picture seemed to be brain hypoxia and the metabolic disorders consequent upon
      hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 6442287
TI  - Quantitative cytochemistry of beta-galactosidase in normal and enzyme deficient
      (gal) pollen of Brassica campestris: application of the indigogenic method.
AB  - The available cytochemical methods for localization of beta-galactosidase have
      been evaluated using pollen grains of Brassica campestris. beta-Galactosidase
      deficient pollen (gal), served as a control. Azo dye methods involving naphthyl
      substrates showed high and nonspecific background staining to the exine. The
      indigogenic method, employing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl beta-D-galactoside (X
      gal) as the enzyme substrate, gave specific opaque-blue final reaction product,
      while mutant pollen grains remained colourless. Final reaction product formation
      was blocked by D-galactono-1,4-lactone, thus demonstrating the specificity of the
      enzyme reaction. Using microspectrophotometry, the absorbance of the final
      reaction product was found to be a linear function of incubation time and section
      thickness in cryostat sections up to 8 micron thick and was only slightly reduced
      by glutaraldehyde prefixation. The validity of the indigogenic method for
      quantitative analysis was confirmed by using an enzyme-containing polyacrylamide
      gel model system and enzyme-coupled Sepharose 4B beads. Cellular sites of enzymic
      activity have been determined using plastic sections: final reaction product
      occurred in the intine wall layer and peripheral cytoplasm.

PMID- 6442288
TI  - [Significance of roentgen cinematography in the diagnosis of functional disorders
      of the pharyngo-esophageal junction].
AB  - Dysfunction of the pharyngo-oesophageal sphincter may escape detection by
      clinical examination, endoscopy, and routine barium studies. Cineradiographic
      examination of 300 patients with unexplained dysphagia revealed 57 cases of
      pharyngo-oesophageal dysfunction. In 25 cases an underlying disorder could be
      found, and 32 cases were considered idiopathic. Radiologically 3 types of
      dysfunction may be distinguished, namely late opening, incomplete relaxation, and
      early contraction of the pharyngo-oesophageal sphincter. Cineradiography was
      found to be an easy and reliable method of detecting pharyngo-oesophageal
      sphincter dysfunction.

PMID- 6442289
TI  - An improved enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection and quantification of the
      entomocidal parasporal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
      and israelensis.
AB  - An improved and simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
      developed for the detection and quantification of parasporal crystalline toxins
      from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The improved procedure involved
      pretreatment of the polystyrene cuvettes with glutaraldehyde before antibody
      coating. A direct comparison of treated and untreated cuvettes is provided.
      ELISAs were then used for the analysis of the entomocidal crystalline proteins in
      commercial and experimental formulations of B. thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and
      israelensis.

PMID- 6442290
TI  - Preparation of a monomeric 2,4-dinitrophenyl Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate
      for immunoenzymometric assay.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of a monomeric Fab'-beta-D
      galactosidase conjugate, which is required for the development of a sensitive
      immunoenzymometric assay. Anti-human IgG F(ab')2 was labeled with 2,4
      dinitrophenyl groups, split into Fab' by reduction and reacted with excess
      maleimide groups which had been introduced into beta-D-galactosidase through
      thiol groups using N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide. The monomeric 2,4-dinitrophenyl
      Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate was subsequently separated from unconjugated
      beta-D-galactosidase by affinity chromatography on a column of (anti-2,4
      dinitrophenyl) IgG-Sepharose 4B. In the monomeric conjugate preparation, 98% of
      beta-D-galactosidase activity was associated with Fab' and 90% was associated
      with specific (anti-human IgG) Fab'. This conjugate allowed the measurement of
      0.1 fmol of human IgG by an immunoenzymometric assay technique.

PMID- 6442291
TI  - Partial purification of a metalloprotease catalyzing the processing of
      adrenodoxin precursor in bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria.
AB  - In vitro translation of bovine adrenal cortex RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysate
      cell-free system produced the precursor form of adrenodoxin having a molecular
      weight of approximately 22,000 daltons, which was about 10,000 daltons larger
      than mature adrenodoxin. The precursor of adrenodoxin was efficiently imported
      into adrenal cortex mitochondria in vitro. The precursor was also imported into
      rat liver mitochondria, suggesting the lack of tissue specificity and species
      specificity of the import process. The enzyme which processed the precursor of
      adrenodoxin to the mature form was in the matrix fraction from bovine adrenal
      cortex mitochondria, and the processing protease was partially purified from the
      matrix fraction. The apparent molecular weight of the processing protease was
      about 60,000 daltons as determined by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, and its
      activity was optimal at pH 8.5. The processing protease was not inhibited by
      various bacterial protease inhibitors examined. Metal chelators (EGTA, GTP, 8
      hydroxyquinoline, and Zincon) inhibited the processing, and EDTA and o
      phenanthroline were more strongly inhibitory than other chelators. The processing
      protease was completely inactivated by incubation with 10 microM EDTA, and its
      activity was restored by addition of excess amounts of Mn2+, Fe2+, or Co2+. These
      results indicate that the maturation of the precursor of adrenodoxin is catalyzed
      by a soluble metalloprotease in the matrix.

PMID- 6442292
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies on chromatophore membrane from photosynthetic bacteria.
      III. Basic structure of the photosynthetic unit and its relation to other
      bacteriochlorophyll forms.
AB  - We have performed X-ray diffraction studies on photosynthetic units of
      Rhodospirillum rubrum and solubilized *B800 + B890 complex from chromatophores of
      Chromatium vinosum, to investigate the homology of their molecular structures.
      The native chromatophores of Chromatium vinosum, which contain other
      bacteriochlorophyll forms, were examined by an X-ray diffraction technique, in
      order to assess the interactions between the complexes as well as the molecular
      structures of the bacteriochlorophyll forms. The subchromatophore particles,
      solubilized by Triton X-100 from cells of Chromatium vinosum, exhibit a major
      absorption maximum at 881 nm and a minor one at 804 nm, consisting of
      bacteriochlorophyll form *B800 + B890. The near-IR absorption spectrum of the
      particle is very similar to that of chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum
      although the major absorption maximum is shifted slightly. The X-ray diffraction
      pattern of the subchromatophore particles is very similar to that of
      chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Thus, the subchromatophore particles are
      considered to be the "photoreaction unit" of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Since the
      bacteriochlorophyll form, *B800 + B890, is common in the purple bacteria, it is
      strongly suggested that the photoreaction unit is the basic and common structure
      existing in the photosynthetic units of purple bacteria. Chromatium vinosum cells
      exhibit different near-IR absorption spectra, depending on the culture media and
      also on the intensity of the illumination during culture. The chromatophores from
      these cells give different equatorial X-ray diffraction patterns. These patterns
      are much broader than that of solubilized subchromatophore particles, though they
      have common features. Thus, the molecular structures in the photosynthetic units
      are different, depending on their constituent bacteriochlorophyll forms.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442293
TI  - Effect of food intake on urinary excretions of histamine, N tau-methylhistamine,
      imidazole acetic acid and its conjugate(s) in humans and mice.
AB  - The urinary excretions by young healthy men of histamine and its metabolites, N
      tau-methylhistamine, imidazole acetic acid, and imidazole acetic acid
      conjugate(s), increased 1-3 h after food intake. The increase was seen even after
      the intake of konnyaku (mannan) as a protein-deficient food, suggesting that
      physical stimulation of the gastric mucosa by food is the main cause of histamine
      release. This suggestion was confirmed by the following findings in patients and
      mice. In patients with stomach diseases, gastrectomy resulted in decreases in the
      excretion of histamine and its metabolites in the urine, and patients subjected
      to intravenous hyperalimentation excreted less histamine and its metabolites in
      the urine than normal subjects. In mice, a correlation of histamine excretion
      with food intake was demonstrated experimentally. Namely, mice fed only during
      the night (21:00-0:00) showed increased excretions of histamine and its
      metabolites at 23:00-3:00, whereas those fed in the morning (9:00-12:00) showed
      increased excretions of those compounds at 11:00-15:00. All these results are
      consistent with the idea that urinary histamine and its metabolites mainly
      originate from the stomach.

PMID- 6442294
TI  - Proteolytic fragments of connectin cause aggregation of myosin filaments but not
      of actin filaments.
AB  - Proteolytic fragments of 400 kD isolated from chymotrypsin-treated connectin, a
      muscle elastic protein, still retained the ability to cause aggregation of myosin
      filaments but lost the actin-bundling action. Tryptic digests of connectin showed
      similar effects. However, when connectin was hydrolyzed by pepsin to peptides
      smaller than approximately 40 kD, no such action was seen for both myosin and
      actin filaments. It is suggested that the actin bundling action of connectin
      filaments is due to topological restrictions. A modified reproducible procedure
      for the preparation of native connectin from chicken breast muscle is described
      in detail.

PMID- 6442295
TI  - Spatial organization of the Drosophila nucleus: a three-dimensional cytogenetic
      study.
AB  - The combination of optical fluorescence microscopy with digital image processing
      and analysis has been used to examine the three-dimensional organization of
      chromosomes within intact polytene nuclei. Although the arrangement indicates a
      high degree of flexibility, there are many conserved features between nuclei at
      the same developmental state. For example, chromosome arms are loosely coiled
      with centromeres clustered at the opposite end of the nucleus from the telomeres.
      Individual chromosome arms are not interwoven but occupy different spatial
      domains. Chromosomal sites that contact the envelope correlate with intercalary
      heterochromatin. Connections are observed between actively transcribing regions.

PMID- 6442296
TI  - Some ultrastructural aspects of genetic activity in eukaryotes.
AB  - A brief overview is given of the types of information that have been obtained by
      chromatin spreading methods regarding the ultrastructure and regulation of
      genetic units. The examples used are: ribosomal RNA genes of the spotted newt;
      the silk fibroin gene of Bombyx mori; chorion gene amplification in Drosophila
      melanogaster; RNA synthesis patterns during early embryogenesis of D.
      melanogaster; regulation of transcription on homologous non-ribosomal
      transcription units of D. melanogaster; specific nascent transcript cleavage in
      insects; and nascent polypeptides on insect polyribosomes. The conclusion is
      drawn that further innovations will be required before significant advances in
      the use of chromatin spreading techniques to study ultrastructural aspects of
      genetic activity can occur.

PMID- 6442297
TI  - c-myc Gene activation and chromosomal translocation.
AB  - Burkitt's lymphoma cells are characterized by the presence of specific
      chromosomal translocation bringing the immunoglobulin and the c-myc proto
      oncogenes into the proximity of each other. Different translocations involve each
      of the three immunoglobulin loci but the breakpoint with respect to the c-myc
      gene is shown to be very variable. In t8/14 the breakpoint occurs upstream from
      the c-myc gene whilst in the variant lymphomas it occurs downstream from the
      gene. Possible ways in which the translocation affects the c-myc gene are
      discussed.

PMID- 6442298
TI  - High-performance affinity chromatography: a rapid technique for the isolation and
      quantitation of IgG from cerebral spinal fluid.
AB  - Standard techniques for the quantitative measurement of IgG in cerebral spinal
      fluid take up to 24 hs. This often delays diagnosis and treatment, critical in
      newborn infants. A high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) column,
      containing immobilized anti-IgG antibody, produced the same or better results in
      1 h. The HPAC system gave a 98% correlation with the standard techniques at the
      normal-abnormal IgG level, but was more accurate at the extremely low IgG level.

PMID- 6442299
TI  - Rapid and selective derivatization method for the nitrogen-sensitive detection of
      carboxylic acids in biological fluids prior to gas chromatographic analysis.
AB  - A rapid and selective derivatization procedure is described for the pre-column
      labelling of carboxylic acids with a nitrogen-containing label. The carboxylic
      acid function is activated with 2-bromo-1-methylpyridinium iodide and the
      activated carboxylic acid function reacts with a primary or a secondary amine to
      yield an amide. With flurbiprofen as the test compound and dipropylamine as a
      label the acid was completely converted to the corresponding amide. The method
      was tested for several aliphatic, aromatic and for phenylacetic or
      phenylpropionic carboxylic acid derivatives, and was found to result in the
      complete derivatization of these compounds with a few exceptions only. The
      derivatization procedure is potentially useful for drug monitoring purposes, as
      is shown with the analysis of valproic acid and flurbiprofen in plasma.

PMID- 6442300
TI  - Ion-exchange chromatography of fluorogenic derivatives of maltooligosaccharides
      for preparation of alpha-amylase substrates.

PMID- 6442302
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with anti-alpha
      specificity recognize a synthetic peptide analogue (S135-155) with unmodified
      lysine (141).
AB  - A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 135-155 (S135-155) of the major
      protein component of HBsAg was conjugated to beta-galactosidase. This conjugate
      reacted with monoclonal anti-HBs antibodies having anti-alpha group specificity.
      The reaction was inhibited by: HBsAg of either subtype ad or ay; by unconjugated
      S135-155 or a shorter peptide S140-155, but not by unrelated peptides.
      Modification of lysine residues of either HBsAg or S135-155 reduced this
      inhibitory effect. These results indicate that Lys 141 is essential for
      maintaining the antigenicity of one of the epitopes responsible for the common
      alpha specificity of HBsAg and that studies involving the use of synthetic
      peptides and modifications of distinct amino acid residues in the native protein
      or in the peptide may help in characterizing epitopes of viral antigens in
      general.

PMID- 6442301
TI  - Simultaneous determination of L-dopa and 3-O-methyldopa in human serum by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6442303
TI  - Residues in young veal calves after consumption of milk containing penicillin.
AB  - Residues in urine, kidney, and muscle following consumption of milk containing
      procaine penicillin G were determined in 4- to 8-day-old Holstein bull calves.
      Calves were fed milk diluted 1:1 with water. Nine control calves received diluted
      milk only while 8 calves received diluted milk containing 6,600 IU penicillin/kg
      (low group), and 10 calves received 13,200 IU/kg of milk consumed (high group).
      Urine samples were collected over 11 h after each morning feeding for 3 days.
      Calves were slaughtered on day 4 of trial and kidney, muscle, and urine samples
      obtained. Urine was tested for residues with the Live Animal Swab Test and
      tissues by the Swab Test on Premises. Both tests are microbiological assays used
      for detecting growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis. No residues were detected
      in urine of control calves. Residues in urine were detected in 6 calves in the
      low group and 7 calves in the high group after feeding. At slaughter, residues
      were in 3 of 5 urine samples from calves in the low group and 8 of 10 calves in
      the high group. However, no residues were detected in kidney or muscle of control
      or treated calves.

PMID- 6442304
TI  - Importance of bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus used as a dietary
      adjunct.
AB  - Cultures of lactobacilli identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus from the
      intestinal contents of young calves varied in their ability to grow in broth
      containing .3% oxgall compared with control broth. Frozen concentrated cultures
      were prepared from a strain exhibiting low tolerance to bile and from a strain
      exhibiting high tolerance to bile. Plate counts were comparable from the
      concentrated cultures before and after frozen storage on lactobacilli MRS agar
      with and without .15% oxgall. In a feeding trial involving newborn dairy calves
      supplementation of the diet with the more bile resistant strain of Lactobacillus
      acidophilus caused greater increases of numbers of facultative lactobabilli in
      the upper small intestines than did the strain exhibiting lower resistance to
      bile. It was not possible to determine whether the lactobacilli would prevent
      intestinal infections in the calves challenged with enteropathogenic Escherichia
      coli. This portion of the study failed as the challenge with Escherichia coli did
      not cause infections even in control animals.

PMID- 6442305
TI  - Serum gonadotropins after gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection in bulls
      subjected to spacial restriction.
AB  - Response patterns of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and
      testosterone after injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone were investigated
      in bulls grouped by weight (250 to 459 kg body weight) and confined five per pen
      in 9.2 or 6.4 m2 space per bull in two replicates. Blood samples were collected
      for 1 h prior to injection of 100 micrograms gonadotropin releasing hormone and 5
      h after injection at 15-min intervals. Overall mean luteinizing hormone
      concentrations were not affected by spacial restriction or replicate. Interaction
      of treatment by time revealed that luteinizing hormone response curves were not
      similar. Restricted bulls had a higher response of luteinizing hormone to
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Follicle-stimulating hormone increased in all
      groups within 15 min and peaked at 219.4 ng/ml at 45 min. Both gonadotropin
      responses returned to preinjection concentrations by 4 h. Testosterone was
      affected by treatment, replicate, and time of sampling. Testosterone was higher
      in restricted bulls and higher in replicate 2. Mean testosterone peak following
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone was 3.86 ng/ml and occurred between 105 and 120
      min which was approximately 90 min after the gonadotropin peaks. It appears that
      hormone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone were not depressed by spacial
      restriction, and additional spacial restriction of young bulls could be used
      commercially.

PMID- 6442306
TI  - Primary cutaneous IgA plasmacytoma.

PMID- 6442307
TI  - The application of the Milner-Avigad method for the quantitative determination of
      endouronidase activities.
AB  - The Milner-Avigad method (Milner, Y. and Avigad, G. (1967) Carbohydr. Res. 4, 359
      361) has been shown to have high specificity for measuring the reducing powers of
      free hexuronic acids; its applicability in the quantitative determination of
      endouronidase activity was the purpose of this investigation. Among the
      constituent monosaccharides of glycosaminoglycans, hexuronic acids showed high
      color yield by this method, while xylose, galactose and N-acetylhexosamine
      recorded negligible color yield. Among the monosaccharide residues at the
      reducing terminals of oligosaccharides, only hexuronic acids exhibited color
      yield. However, the color yield was less than that of free hexuronic acids. Gel
      filtration chromatography of reaction products revealed that the cleavage of the
      oligosaccharide chains and the resultant exposure of new reducing terminals were
      not caused by the reaction procedures involved in this method. These data
      indicate that the Milner-Avigad method is useful for determining the presence of
      hexuronic acid residues preferentially at reducing terminals of glycosaminoglycan
      moieties. Thus, it supported the conclusion that the Milner-Avigad method is
      applicable for the quantitative determination of endouronidase activity using
      glycosaminoglycan as a substrate.

PMID- 6442308
TI  - Comparison of tryptic peptide profiles of alcohol dehydrogenase from Drosophila
      melanogaster at different ages: a rapid procedure using high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Age-related changes in the primary structure of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from
      three different strains (Adh-F, Adh-D and Adh-S) of Drosophila melanogaster have
      been investigated by tryptic peptide analysis. The procedure involves isolation
      of 14C-labelled ADH, immunoprecipitation and HPLC separation of tryptic peptides.
      This method is rapid, reproducible and sensitive. By using this procedure it is
      demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the ADH tryptic
      peptide profiles of young (10-day-old) and old (50-day-old) flies. The usefulness
      of this procedure for screening mutant and variant enzymes is discussed.

PMID- 6442309
TI  - Gonadotropin, prolactin and TSH secretion in patients with myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Hypothalamic pituitary function was studied in 13 patients with myasthenia
      gravis. Gonadotropin, TSH, and prolactin dynamics were investigated using
      conventional provocative stimuli. No consistent abnormality was found in either
      gonadotropin or prolactin release. Abnormal TSH responses to TRH administration
      was present in six of the 13 patients in association with normal free thyroxine
      indices and the absence of antithyroid antibodies. This latter observation is
      relevant when the association of myasthenia gravis with hyperthyroidism,
      thyroiditis and hypothyroidism is considered.

PMID- 6442310
TI  - Effect of chronic endogenous hypercalcemia on prolactin and thyrotropin
      responsiveness in man.
AB  - To investigate whether chronic endogenous hypercalcemia influences TSH and/or PRL
      release from pituitary thyrotrophs and lactotrophs in man, 10 patients with
      endogenous hypercalcemia, due either to cancer or to primary hyperparathyroidism,
      were injected with 25 micrograms TRH iv. The TSH and PRL responses were compared
      with those obtained in an age-, sex-, and weight-matched group of patients
      comprised of 10 normocalcemic individuals with other diseases. The mean maximal
      TSH response in the hypercalcemic group (3.7 +/- 0.4 microU/ml) was 46% lower
      than in the normocalcemic group (6.8 +/- 1.2 microU/ml; p less than 0.02).
      Similarly, the mean maximal PRL response was 45% lower in the hypercalcemic (31
      +/- 5 ng/ml) than in the normocalcemic patients (57 +/- 9 ng/ml; p less than
      0.05). Feasible mechanisms behind this inhibitory influence of chronic endogenous
      hypercalcemia on TSH and PRL responsiveness are discussed.

PMID- 6442311
TI  - Prolactin and calcium metabolism: influence of hyperprolactinemia on
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels in man and in the rat.
AB  - Serum prolactin, parathyroid hormone, P and Ca serum levels were measured in 15
      patients (12 women and 3 men) with hyperprolactinemia, and in 6 normal male
      volunteers who underwent a TRH test (100 micrograms by rapid iv injection) in
      order to obtain a short-term pharmacologically-induced hyperprolactinemia. A
      pituitary gland graft under the kidney capsule was carried out on 26 Sprague
      Dawley male rats, which became hyperprolactinemic since the transplanted
      pituitary was stripped of the inhibitory hypothalamic control. Another group of
      10 rats was injected with L-sulpiride (0.1 mg/kg). The serum PTH levels in
      patients and in subjects with induced hyperprolactinemia were within the normal
      range and there was no correlation between serum PRL and PTH levels. The same
      occurred both in transplanted and L-sulpiride injected rats. Our results suggest
      that prolactin does not modify PTH secretion in vivo and therefore, in contrast
      with previous data, it should not be considered a physiologically relevant
      secretagogue for parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 6442312
TI  - Vascular prostacyclin and Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
AB  - Vascular prostacyclin production in Goldblatt hypertension was examined in one
      kidney, one clip (1K, 1C) and two-kidney, one clip (2K, 1C) rat models.
      Vasodepressor responses to prostacyclin and nitroprusside correlated well with
      resting blood pressure in both groups of rats, but when measured as a percentage
      of resting blood pressure the responses did not differ significantly between
      hypertensive rats and the normotensive controls within each group. In contrast,
      the vasodepressor effects of arachidonic acid (1-3 mg/kg, i.v.) were much greater
      in the 1K, 1C rats than in their normotensive controls, but did not differ
      significantly between hypertensive 2K, 1C rats and sham-operated controls. The
      effects of arachidonic acid were virtually abolished by indomethacin (10 mg/kg,
      i.v.). The metabolism of [14C]-arachidonic acid was also studied in isolated
      aortae of both one- and two-kidney rats by high pressure liquid chromatography of
      extracts of the incubation mixture. [14C]-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha was the only
      prostanoid conversion product recovered from the incubations and significantly
      more of this metabolite was produced by aortic tissue from 1K, 1C rats than from
      normotensive controls. There was no difference in [14C]-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha
      production between 2K, 1C rats and controls. These results demonstrate an
      enhanced ability of vascular tissue from 1K, 1C hypertensive rats to convert
      exogenous arachidonate to vasodilator prostacyclin, but this is not evident in
      the two-kidney model. Although enhanced biosynthetic capacity for prostacyclin in
      the one-kidney model and spontaneously hypertensive rats does not lessen
      peripheral vascular resistance, it might reflect a fundamental disturbance in
      phospholipid metabolism which contributes to increased vascular resistance.

PMID- 6442313
TI  - Evidence for dopaminergic regulation of vasopressin release in the anephric rat.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) release elicited by osmotic stimuli induces variable
      hypertensive responses. In normotensive anephric rats, a significantly greater
      blood pressure response was elicited by hypertonic saline than by mannitol
      infusion, and was further enhanced by previous dopaminergic receptor blockade.
      Plasma levels of AVP were significantly more elevated after saline than after
      mannitol despite more pronounced elevation of plasma osmolality in the latter
      animals, and were the highest in dopaminergically blocked animals. These findings
      indicate that dopamine exerts an inhibitory effect on the release of AVP.

PMID- 6442314
TI  - Decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation in New Zealand genetic hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - The relaxation response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine and the calcium
      ionophore A23187) and independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators was
      examined in isolated aortic ring segments from age-matched genetically
      hypertensive (GH) and normotensive (N) rats (New Zealand strain). Tissues were
      initially contracted with methoxamine to achieve similar levels of contractile
      force. The IC20, IC40 and IC50 values for acetylcholine, A23187 and sodium
      nitroprusside were shifted significantly to the right (P less than 0.05) in
      aortic rings from GH rats compared to the corresponding values in N rats. The
      maximal relaxation achieved by acetylcholine and A23187 was significantly
      depressed in aortas from GH rats (P less than 0.05). Sodium nitroprusside
      elicited the maximal relaxation in both groups of tissues. These results
      demonstrate that there exists a generalized defect in the relaxant ability of
      vascular smooth muscle from GH rats. In addition, our findings suggest that this
      defect is coupled with a decreased responsiveness to endothelium-dependent
      vasodilators in this particular animal model of hypertension.

PMID- 6442315
TI  - [Therapeutic evaluation of combination therapy with IG-100, pH4-treated human
      immunoglobulin preparation for i.v. administration, and antibiotics against
      severe infections. The Society for Clinical Investigation on IG-100].

PMID- 6442316
TI  - Studies on epidemics of influenza--relationship between the closure of some or
      whole classes of the school and the time or rate of inoculation with influenza
      vaccine.

PMID- 6442317
TI  - [Clinical study on dermatomyositis-polymyositis complicated with herpes zoster].

PMID- 6442318
TI  - [Community outbreaks of mixed food-borne infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
      and Vibrio fluvialis].

PMID- 6442319
TI  - [Comparative clinical study of enoxacin (AT-2266, ENX) and cefaclor (CCL) in
      chronic respiratory tract infections by a double-blind method].

PMID- 6442320
TI  - [Wadowsky-Yee-Okuda (WYO) medium: a new selective medium for the isolation of
      Legionellae strains from environmental water specimens].

PMID- 6442321
TI  - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of enoxacin and amoxicillin in bacterial
      pneumonia by a double blind method].

PMID- 6442322
TI  - [Comparison of clinical usefulness of enoxacin (ENX, AT-2266) and pipemidic acid
      (PPA) in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea by a double-blind method. The
      Japan Research Committee of Enoxacin Research Group for Acute Infectious
      Diarrhea].

PMID- 6442324
TI  - [Therapeutic effects of SM-4300 and antibiotic combinations against severe
      bacterial infections in the field of internal medicine].

PMID- 6442323
TI  - [Comparison of clinical efficacy of ofloxacin COFLX: DL-8280) and pipemidic acid
      (PPA) in acute infectious diarrhea by a double-blind method. The Japan Research
      Committee of Ofloxacin, Research Group for Acute Infectious Diarrhea].

PMID- 6442325
TI  - [Enhancement of antimicrobial defense activities of immunoglobulins in the lung].

PMID- 6442326
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies of septic shock lung--on the usefulness of
      corticosteroid].

PMID- 6442327
TI  - [The influence of surfactant (Tween) to the growth and producing activity of
      esterase of Legionella species and Legionella-like organisms].

PMID- 6442328
TI  - [The oxygen tolerance of some strict anaerobes from periodontal diseases].

PMID- 6442329
TI  - [Survey on the possession of HI antibody against influenza virus in the aged and
      on the production of HI antibody after vaccination].

PMID- 6442330
TI  - Protection of group B streptococcal infection in a maternal-neonate mouse model.

PMID- 6442331
TI  - [Passive protective activities of normal human sera against infection with strain
      K-9 of Klebsiella pneumoniae].

PMID- 6442332
TI  - [Influenza A outbreak in 1983 and infections in young children].

PMID- 6442333
TI  - [Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
      isolated from human and animals in Japan].

PMID- 6442334
TI  - [Detection of anti-human parvovirus IgM and IgG in erythema infectiosum].

PMID- 6442335
TI  - [Radiation therapy of early glottic cancer].

PMID- 6442336
TI  - [Radiotherapy of prostate carcinoma].

PMID- 6442337
TI  - HPLC purification and preparation of antibodies to cholic acid-inducible
      polypeptides from Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708.
AB  - The role of bile acid-inducible polypeptides in 7-dehydroxylation was
      investigated in Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708. Cholic acid-inducible bile acid 7
      alpha-, 7 beta-dehydroxylase, and delta 6 reductase activities co-eluted from a
      gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Antibody
      (Ab) was prepared to these enzymatically active fractions, immunoadsorbed with
      uninduced cell extract coupled to Sepharose 4B, and used for immunoprecipitation
      of [35S]-methionine-labeled polypeptides. Ab immunoprecipitated polypeptides with
      molecular weights of 45,000, 27,000, and 23,500 from induced but not uninduced
      cell extracts. Immunoinhibition experiments showed that this Ab preparation
      inhibited (60%) bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity in cell extracts. The
      45,000 mol wt polypeptide was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, HPLC gel
      filtration, and HPLC-DEAE chromatography. Ab prepared to the 45,000 mol wt
      polypeptide immunoprecipitated only that polypeptide. This Ab, however, did not
      inhibit bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity. Ab specific for the 27,000 mol
      wt polypeptide was prepared by partial purification and immunoadsorption with
      uninduced cell extracts. Immunochemical staining, following SDS-PAGE of crude
      cell extracts, shows a single immunoreactive protein band at 27,000 daltons. This
      Ab immunoprecipitated the 27,000 mol wt polypeptide as well as small amounts of
      the 45,000 and 23,000 mol wt polypeptides. Immunoinhibition studies showed that
      this Ab preparation inhibited (25%) 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity. These data
      suggest that the 27,000 mol wt polypeptide is involved in enzyme catalysis. This
      does not, however, eliminate some role for the 45,000 and 23,500 mol wt
      polypeptides in bile acid metabolism in this organism.

PMID- 6442338
TI  - Biosynthesis of the sphingoid bases: a provocation.

PMID- 6442339
TI  - Synthesis, transport, and processing of apolipoproteins of high density
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Cell biology methods have greatly influenced the elucidation of the biosynthetic
      pathways of apolipoproteins. In vitro and tissue culture systems allow the study,
      to a large extent, of the process of synthesis, intracellular processing,
      secretion, and extracellular processing of the major high density lipoprotein
      apoproteins apoA-I and A-II and also of a minor component, apoA-IV. Whereas the
      latter apoprotein is equipped only with a signal sequence, the primary
      translation products of apoA-I and apoA-II carry N-terminal extensions of
      preprosequence of 24 amino acids for apoA-I and 23 amino acid residues for apoA
      II. The pro-form of apoA-I characterized by a hexapeptide extension is completely
      stable intracellularly and is secreted as such. The pro-form is further processed
      by a serum protease specific for an unusual -Gln-Gln-Asp-Glu-sequence site. Pro
      apoA-II, a pentapeptide sequence, is partially processed intracellularly to its
      mature form and secreted together with the residual pro-form. The cleavage site
      of pro-apoA-II is characterized by two basic amino acid residues Arg-Arg, present
      also in other known pro-proteins. The biological function of the N-terminal pro
      sequences and details of their final processing by the serum protease(s) have yet
      to be established.

PMID- 6442340
TI  - Proteolytic events affecting plasma apolipoproteins at the co- and post
      translational levels and after maturation.

PMID- 6442341
TI  - Pulsatile intravenous administration of GnRH by portable infusion pump in
      Kallmann's syndrome for induction of puberty.

PMID- 6442342
TI  - [Duodenal diverticulum].

PMID- 6442343
TI  - Demonstration of acid alpha-glucosidase in different types of Pompe disease by
      use of an immunochemical method.
AB  - The nature of mutant acid alpha-glucosidase (AAG) in muscle was studied in 6
      patients with Pompe disease, consisting of 2 each of the infantile, childhood and
      adult types. Anti-human liver AAG rabbit antibody prepared in the present study
      was confirmed to be monospecific by immunodiffusion, immunotitration and
      immunohistochemical methods. It was found by the immunodiffusion and enzyme
      immunoassay methods using this antibody that the mutation produced a normal
      amount of enzyme protein but the latter was an inactive form, suggesting
      structural gene mutation in 5 of the 6 cases. In the remaining childhood type
      case there was no detectable amount of enzyme protein, suggesting that the
      mutation causes a reduction in the amount of the enzyme protein or synthesis of
      unstable enzyme protein. Similarly, the enzyme activity of AAG was markedly
      reduced in all patients, but that of neutral alpha-glucosidase was the least
      reduced in the adult type, medium in the childhood type, and the most reduced in
      the infantile type.

PMID- 6442344
TI  - Studies of the control of hemopoiesis in Dexter cultures.

PMID- 6442345
TI  - The development of a system for study of bone marrow transplantation in vitro:
      effects of X-irradiation dose rate and chemotherapeutic agents on the isolated
      bone marrow microenvironment.

PMID- 6442346
TI  - Characteristics and function of factors affecting erythropoiesis.

PMID- 6442347
TI  - Negative regulators of hematopoiesis.
AB  - It is apparent from the above that molecules can have more than one role, but
      these roles need not be mutually exclusive. A clear understanding of cell
      regulations will require knowledge of all interacting molecules and the cells
      producing and responding to these molecules. This will be especially important
      when studies on the roles of these molecules in maintenance of long-term marrow
      and blood cultures are investigated further.

PMID- 6442348
TI  - The relative roles of interleukins 1, 2, and 3 in the regulation of T cell
      differentiation.
AB  - The initial description and purification of IL 3 was based on its potential
      relevance in early T cell differentiation. Although the data do not provide
      conclusive evidence for a role of IL 3 in T cell differentiation, a number of
      observations provide some indications that a relationship exists. The most
      intriguing aspects are concerned with the distribution and regulation of
      expression of 20 alpha SDH. This particular marker is interesting since it may
      allow studies of aspects of T cell differentiation that have not been possible
      with more conventional approaches. The available data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that in the bone marrow there exists a stem cell that in response to
      IL 3 is induced to differentiate including the induction of expression of 20
      alpha SDH and Thy 1+. Phenotypically this induced cell is similar to a medullary
      thymocyte, although the cells derived in vitro clearly do not have the functional
      characteristics of medullary thymocytes. It can be rationalized that a bone
      marrow-induced prothymocyte may require the thymic microenvironment for continued
      maturation. Irrespective of this, it now becomes necessary to further explore the
      possibilities by extending the approaches used to define and study early bone
      marrow-localized pre-T cell populations as well as continuing to define the
      necessary components of the thymus in the differentiation pathway for T cells. In
      these areas of research the experience and systems derived from studies of long
      term bone marrow cultures will be of considerable value. In addition to the
      proposed role that IL 3 plays in early T cell differentiation, it is apparent
      that the stem cell that is induced to differentiate may have considerably more
      potentials than the T cell lineage. The ability of IL 3 to induce the
      differentiation of 20 alpha SDH-positive mastlike cells in vitro is the most
      demonstrable functional phenotype. The absolute requirement of Il 3 throughout
      the differentiation of such cells indicates that in vivo, where IL 3 is generally
      not detectable, the frequency with which such progeny are obtained may be quite
      low and restricted to unique immunological situations in which high levels of IL
      3 are produced. In addition, it appears likely that IL 3 induces the
      differentiation of a cell that in the presence of erythropoietin can be induced
      to differentiate along an erythroid pathway. Last, IL 3 may induce the
      differentiation of promyeloblasts that can differentiate in the presence of CSF-2
      [unpublished data].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6442349
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of the esophageal transit time for the noninvasive
      assessment of esophageal motor disorders.

PMID- 6442350
TI  - [Effect of chondroitin sulfate ion and calcium ion on the dispersion of
      hydroxyapatite].

PMID- 6442351
TI  - Diagnostic related groups: impact on practice.

PMID- 6442352
TI  - Sequential determination of circulating immune complexes during progressive and
      regressive phases of mouse mastocytoma.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were determined by 125I-C1q-binding and Raji cell
      binding sequentially during distinct phases of progression and regression of a
      weakly immunogenic murine tumour. No increase in levels of circulating immune
      complexes was found at any time during tumour development, although reference
      complexes formed between tumour cell membrane antigens and a murine
      histocompatibility antigen-directed alloantibody were easily detected by both
      tests. These findings parallel the absence of humoral antibody during tumour
      development but are in some contradiction to the pronounced B cell proliferation
      which was observed in this tumour model. The results add evidence for a more
      critical evaluation of the role which levels of circulating immune complexes
      might play in tumour diagnosis and prognosis.

PMID- 6442353
TI  - Immunological and biochemical studies of an unusual alpha heavy chain protein in
      a 9-year-old boy.
AB  - Protein electrophoresis in a 9-yr-old Libyan boy suffering from intestinal alpha
      chain disease showed a conspicuous peak in the gamma region. Examination in
      immunoelectrophoresis with monospecific antisera against IgA revealed a
      quantitatively important monoclonal gradient. The heavy chain protein in serum,
      urine and duodenal juice was further analysed immunologically in double
      diffusion, antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis and biochemically in gel
      filtration experiments and SDS PAGE. By these techniques alpha 1 chain aggregates
      of different molecular weight could be found. Immunofluorescence examination of
      small intestine biopsies showed abundant plasma cells containing alpha heavy
      chains but no light chains.

PMID- 6442354
TI  - Molecular evolution in Drosophila and the higher Diptera II. A time scale for fly
      evolution.
AB  - In this paper, we examine first the steadiness of the rate of evolutionary change
      in a larval hemolymph protein, LHP, in numerous Drosophila species. We estimated
      amino acid sequence divergence from immunological distances measured with the
      quantitative microcomplement fixation technique. Using tests not depending on
      knowledge of absolute times of divergence, we estimated the variance of the rate
      of evolutionary change to be at least 4 times as large as that for a process
      resembling radioactive decay. Thus, the rate of evolution of this protein is as
      uniform as that of vertebrate proteins. Our analysis indicates no acceleration of
      protein evolution in the lineages leading to Hawaiian drosophilines. Second, we
      give an explicit description of a procedure for calculating the absolute value of
      the mean rate of evolutionary change in this protein. This procedure is suggested
      for general use in calculating absolute rates of molecular evolution. The mean
      rate of evolution of LHP is about 1.2 immunological distance units per million
      years, which probably corresponds to a unit evolutionary period of 4 million
      years; LHP thus evolves at a rate comparable to that of mammalian hemoglobins.
      Finally, we utilize the calibrated rate of LHP evolution to derive a time scale
      of evolution in the Drosophilidae and higher Diptera.

PMID- 6442355
TI  - Detection of distant antigenic relationships between insect and bird lysozymes by
      ELISA.
AB  - We used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring the
      immunological cross-reactivities between bird lysozymes and a lysozyme isolated
      from the blood of the insect Locusta migratoria. The degrees of cross-reactivity
      among five avian lysozymes measured by ELISA agreed approximately with those
      observed in earlier work using microcomplement fixation tests. This latter
      technique is not suitable for detecting immunological cross-reactivity between
      proteins that differ in sequence by more than 30%-40%. In contrast, ELISA is able
      to detect distant relationships between antigens such as lysozymes that differ in
      sequence by as much as 60%. It seems likely that the use of ELISA procedures will
      extend the range of homologous proteins that can be compared by immunochemical
      means.

PMID- 6442356
TI  - The evolution of a plant globin gene family.
AB  - We have analyzed the sequences of soybean leghemoglobin genes as an initial step
      toward understanding their mode of evolution. Alignment of the sequences of plant
      globin genes with those of animals reveals that based on the proportion of
      nucleotide substitutions that have occurred at the first, second, and third codon
      positions, the time of divergence of plant and animal globin gene families
      appears to be extremely remote (between 900 million and 1.4 billion years ago, if
      one assumes constancy of evolutionary rate in both the plant and animal lineages)
      and in addition to the normal regulatory sequences on the 5' end, an
      approximately 30-base-pair sequence, specific to globin genes, that surrounds the
      cap site is conserved between the plant and animal globin genes. Comparison of
      the leghemoglobin sequences with one another shows that the relative amount of
      sequence divergence in various coding and noncoding regions is roughly similar to
      that found for animal globin genes and as in animal globin genes, the positions
      of insertions and deletions in the intervening sequences often coincide with the
      locations of direct repeats. Thus, the mode of evolution of the plant globin
      genes appears to resemble, in many ways, that of their animal counterparts. We
      contrast the overall intergenic organization of the plant globin genes with that
      of animal genes, and discuss the possibility of the concerted evolution of the
      leghemoglobin genes.

PMID- 6442357
TI  - Derivation of the globins from type b cytochromes.
AB  - Similarities in the amino acid sequences of vertebrate and invertebrate globins,
      b5 and b2 cytochromes and chicken sulfite oxidase point to a common ancestry for
      all of these proteins. The distal heme ligand (histidine or its equivalent) is
      common to both sets of proteins, but the proximal histidine ligand of the
      cytochromes is replaced by another histidine residue in the globins. This
      explains why the heme is reversed between globins and b5 cytochromes. It seems
      likely that the genes for primitive globins contained three exons, the first two
      of which were derived from a cytochromelike DNA sequence. A model is presented to
      show how globins may have evolved from a pre-existing type b cytochrome; the
      complexity of the required changes is an indication that all globins are
      monophyletic.

PMID- 6442358
TI  - Conformational changes in the globin family during evolution. 1. Analysis of the
      evolutionary role of insertions and deletions.
AB  - Conformational restrictions imposed on the fixation of insertions and deletions
      by the three-dimensional structure of globins during evolution are analyzed. An
      evolutionary tree for the primary structure of 38 taxonomically distant globins
      was constructed by a computer method. Based on this tree, the calculated fixation
      frequency of point mutations was 50-fold higher than that established jointly for
      deletions and insertions, and the fixation frequency of deletions was more than
      three times that established for insertions. It was also found that deletions and
      insertions are predominantly fixed in the interhelical sections and at the ends
      of the alpha-helices of the globin molecules. Conformational analysis of the
      packing of the alpha-helices in the spatial structure of globins demonstrated
      that the fixation of deletions and insertions in the center of an alpha-helix
      produces a marked distortion of their normal packing. The possible role of
      deletions and insertions in the evolution of protein families is discussed.

PMID- 6442360
TI  - Temperature as a determinative factor in the evolution of genetic systems.
AB  - Heat induces a number of premutational lesions (for example, the deamination of
      cytosine to uracil) in DNA and RNA. These kinds of errors occur in resting as
      well as replicating polynucleotides. However, an increase in temperature also
      raises the probability of copying error occurring in nucleic acids because of
      increased thermal noise in the replicative machinery. In most modern genetic
      systems, the majority of heat-induced lesions are efficiently repaired. It
      follows that the importance of heat-induced error increases as the effectiveness
      of repair declines. We show in this paper that the error rate of enzymatic
      polynucleotide copying is expected to increase monotonically with temperature. We
      also explore the effects of temperature variations on the early evolution of
      biological information transmission mechanisms.

PMID- 6442359
TI  - Nonrandomness of point mutation as reflected in nucleotide substitutions in
      pseudogenes and its evolutionary implications.
AB  - We have obtained a revised estimate of the pattern of point mutation by
      considering more pseudogene sequences. Compared with our previous estimate, it
      agrees better with expectations based on the double-strand structure of DNA. The
      revised pattern, like the previous one, indicates that mutation occurs
      nonrandomly among the four nucleotides. In particular, the proportion of
      transitional mutations (59%) is almost twice as high as the value (33%) expected
      under random mutation. The same high proportion of transitions is observed in
      synonymous substitutions in genes. The proportion of transitional changes
      observed among electrophoretic variants of human hemoglobin is about the same as
      that predicted by the revised pattern of mutation. We also show that nonrandom
      mutation increases, by about 15%, the proportion of synonymous mutations due to
      single-nucleotide changes in the codon table, and increases, from 10% to 50%, the
      rate of synonymous mutation in the seven genes studied. However, nonrandom
      mutation reduces (by about 10%) the proportion of polar changes among
      nonsynonymous mutations in a gene. As far as single-nucleotide changes (in the
      codon table) are concerned, nonrandom mutation only slightly favors relatively
      conservative amino acid interchanges, and has virtually no effect on the
      proportions of radical changes and nonsense mutations.

PMID- 6442361
TI  - Abiotic synthesis of purines and other heterocyclic compounds by the action of
      electrical discharges.
AB  - The synthesis of purines and pyrimidines using Oparin-Urey-type primitive Earth
      atmospheres has been demonstrated by reacting methane, ethane, and ammonia in
      electrical discharges. Adenine, guanine, 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide (AICA),
      and isocytosine have been identified by UV spectrometry and paper chromatography
      as the products of the reaction. The total yields of the identified heterocyclic
      compounds are 0.0023%. It is concluded that adenine synthesis occurs at a much
      lower concentration of hydrogen cyanide than has been shown by earlier studies.
      Pathways for the synthesis of purines from hydrogen cyanide are discussed, and a
      comparison of the heterocyclic compounds that have been identified in meteorites
      and in prebiotic reactions is presented.

PMID- 6442362
TI  - Template-directed synthesis with 2-aminoadenosine.
AB  - A random copolymer, poly(CA), containing approximately equal amounts of cytidine
      (C) and adenosine (A), when incubated with a mixture of guanosine-5'-phosphoro-(2
      methylimidazole) (2-MeImpG) and uridine-5'-phosphoro-(2-methylimidazole) (2
      MeImpU), facilitates the incorporation of uridine (U) into oligomeric products
      with low efficiency. If 2-aminoadenosine (aA) is substituted for adenosine in the
      template, U is incorporated into the products with much higher efficiency. Random
      copolymers of C and U act as templates for the efficient synthesis of oligomers
      from 2-MeImpG and 2-MeImpA only if the concentration of substrates is relatively
      high (0.1 M). The substitution of 2-MeImpA permits the reaction to occur with
      much lower substrate concentrations. This effect is most prominent for template
      containing large amounts of U.

PMID- 6442363
TI  - Beta-decay, bremsstrahlen, and the origin of molecular chirality.
AB  - A brief review is presented of the Vester-Ulbricht beta-decay Bremsstrahlen
      hypothesis for the origin of optical activity, and of subsequent experiments
      designed to test it. Certain of our experiments along these lines, begun in 1974
      and involving the irradiation of racemic and optically active amino acids in a
      61.7 KCi 90Sr-90Y Bremsstrahlen source, have now been completed and are
      described. After 10.89 years of irradiation with a total Bremsstrahlen dose of
      2.5 X 10(9) rads, crystalline DL-leucine, norleucine, and norvaline suffered
      47.2, 33.6, and 27.4% radiolysis, respectively, but showed no evidence whatsoever
      of asymmetric degradation. D- and L-Leucine underwent about 48% radiolysis and
      showed 2.4-2.9% radioracemization. Other samples in solution were too severely
      degraded to analyze. Probable intrinsic reasons for the failure of the Vester
      Ulbricht mechanism to afford asymmetric radiolysis in the present and related
      experiments involving beta-decay Bremsstrahlen are enumerated.

PMID- 6442364
TI  - Evolutionary constraints and the neutral theory.
AB  - The neutral theory of molecular evolution postulates that nucleotide
      substitutions inherently take place in DNA as a result of point mutations
      followed by random genetic drift. In the absence of selective constraints, the
      substitution rate reaches the maximum value set by the mutation rate. The rate in
      globin pseudogenes is about 5 X 10(-9) substitutions per site per year in
      mammals. Rates slower than this indicate the presence of constraints imposed by
      negative (natural) selection, which rejects and discards deleterious mutations.

PMID- 6442365
TI  - Application of electroimmunodiffusion and crossed electroimmunodiffusion tests
      for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar).
AB  - Techniques of electroimmunodiffusion (EID) and crossed electroimmunodiffusion
      (CEID) were applied and compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
      test for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Results obtained by EID on 28
      serum samples of proven cases of kala-azar correlated well with IFA. False
      positive reactions were encountered by IFA assay among healthy controls and non
      kala-azar patients. Using EID technique, species-specific antibody to L. donovani
      was demonstrated in all sera of kala-azar patients. CEID was less sensitive than
      EID as a few false-negative results were obtained with this technique. It is
      concluded that the EID test which is specific, sensitive and more economical
      could be applied for diagnosis of systemic leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6442366
TI  - Myositis and death in bobwhites, Colinus virginianus (L.), due to hemorrhagic
      cysts of a haemosporozoan of undetermined taxonomic status.
AB  - An epizootic of myositis and death in pen-reared bobwhites occurred at a hunting
      club in California. The myositis was caused by myriads of elongate protozoan
      cysts. The cysts were in various stages of development and when mature, contained
      spherical zoites 1 micron in diameter. Sinuous compartments were present in all
      cysts. The walls of the compartments were composed of a material similar to the
      cyst walls. Mature cysts were filled with blood. The histologic and
      ultrastructural morphology of the parasite revealed the parasite to be a
      haemosporozoan. The parasite has numerous similarities to both Akiba caulleryi
      (Mathis and Leger, 1909) and organisms that cause aberrant leucocytozoonosis in
      other species of birds. Further studies are needed to determine if the parasite
      is a part of the normal parasite fauna of quail or if it represents a parasite in
      an aberrant host.

PMID- 6442367
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin-induced hypotension on pituitary-adrenocortical
      function].

PMID- 6442368
TI  - [Effect of epidural morphine on ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure
      responses to CO2].

PMID- 6442369
TI  - Effect of extracorporeally induced total body hyperthermia for cancer on
      cardiovascular function.
AB  - Total body hyperthermia (TBHT) was induced in patients with terminal cancer,
      using a femoral arterio-venous shunt as an extracorporeal circuit incorporating a
      heat exchanger. A total of 31 systemic hyperthermic treatments lasting 3 to 4
      hours at 41.5 degrees C to 42 degrees C (rectal temperature) were performed on 11
      patients; chemotherapy had previously been unsuccessful in all of these cases.
      The effect of TBHT on cardiovascular function was explored in these patients. The
      heart rate and cardiac output were always markedly increased during hyperthermia,
      however, the peripheral arterial, central venous, pulmonary arterial and
      pulmonary wedge pressures were little affected and no progressive metabolic
      acidosis occurred. TBHT was generally well tolerated and there was no instance in
      which this treatment had to be terminated because of severe cardiovascular
      failure during hyperthermia.

PMID- 6442370
TI  - [Management of complications of steroid therapy].

PMID- 6442371
TI  - [Problems in transplantation of the pancreas].

PMID- 6442372
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of immunochemical fecal occult blood test].

PMID- 6442373
TI  - [An immunological test for fecal occult blood by counter immunoelectrophoresis:
      second report. Comparison in sensitivity to detect hemoglobin and positive
      reactions immunodiffusion and hemoccult test].

PMID- 6442374
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic biliary typhoid and paratyphoid carriers].

PMID- 6442375
TI  - [The effect of elemental diet on pancreatic exocrine secretion--studied in the
      model of pancreatic insufficiency in the rat].

PMID- 6442376
TI  - [Incorporation of 11CO2 into glucose and urea: experimental study of the rat
      blood using a new rapid analytical method for positron emitting chemical
      compounds].

PMID- 6442377
TI  - [Measurement of serum T3 by magic T3 RIA kit].

PMID- 6442378
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum free T3 measurement. Evaluation in patients with
      thyroidal disease and nonthyroidal illness].

PMID- 6442379
TI  - [The measurement of serum free thyroxine with the magnetic FT4 'corning'].

PMID- 6442380
TI  - Peripapillary duodenal diverticulum and biliary tract diseases.
AB  - The relationship between peripapillary duodenal diverticulum and benign biliary
      tract disease was studied. Peripapillary duodenal diverticulum could be
      classified pathophysiologically into three types. Type I represents the disease
      not directly affecting the biliary tract. Type II shows the elevation of bile
      duct pressure directly caused by intraduodenal pressure loading. Type III
      includes patients in whom the diverticulum is small and is prone to cause
      papillitis or mechanical stimulation. This, then, may lead to organic changes in
      Oddi's sphincter and possibly to biliary tract disorders. In our patients, many
      cases of peripapillary duodenal diverticulum were associated with calcium
      bilirubinate stones, indicating that a peripapillary duodenal diverticulum is
      likely to lead to bile stagnation and ascending infection of the biliary tract
      and thus cause formation of calcium bilirubinate stones. Based on findings in
      this study, we want to emphasize that Type II peripapillary duodenal diverticulum
      should be surgically treated.

PMID- 6442381
TI  - Liver regeneration and tumor growth in the rat after partial hepatectomy.
AB  - Tumor growth of Yoshida sarcoma implanted in the remnant liver was studied in
      rats subjected to a hepatectomy. After 70 percent hepatectomy, the liver
      progressively regenerated and the total liver weight was reverted to by 10 days
      after the operation. Concomitantly with liver regeneration, tumor growth in the
      remnant liver was stimulated significantly, compared with that in the sham
      operated liver. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into tumor cells in the
      remnant liver was strikingly high and progressive, while that in the sham
      operated liver was low and retained. Mitomycin C given to the hepatectomized rats
      was more effective against the tumor in the remnant liver than in the sham
      operated liver. We conclude from this study that cancer cell proliferation in the
      remnant liver can be accelerated by the process of liver regeneration.

PMID- 6442382
TI  - Enhancement of lymphatic transport of N1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT
      207) by water-in-oil emulsion in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric
      cancer.

PMID- 6442383
TI  - The contribution of the active metabolites to the tolerance developing to
      diazepam in man: relationship to bioassayed serum benzodiazepine levels.
AB  - Seven healthy students cooperated in this study. They underwent four experimental
      periods at one-month intervals, each period comprising a single-dose test with
      diazepam (D) 15 mg, oxazepam (OX) 45 mg, nordiazepam (ND) 15 mg or placebo (given
      double-blind in randomized order) on day 1, followed by maintenance with
      respective drug for 7 days, and a retest with D 15 mg on day 8. Thus, psychomotor
      responses to D 15 mg were measured after one-week treatment with D 5 mg, OX 15
      mg, ND 5 mg, or placebo, all taken twice daily. Serum samples were taken at each
      session day before and 2.5 hr after the drug intake for bioassay of serum
      benzodiazepine (BZ) levels against commensurable diazepam standard. On day 1, a
      single dose of OX 45 mg resulted in fourfold concentrations of serum BZ levels in
      comparison with the results of the doses D 15 mg and ND 15 mg. Psychomotor skills
      were also most impaired by oxazepam. ND 15 mg was less effective than D 15 mg,
      irrespective of the same serum BZ levels. One-week of treatment with D and OX
      seemed to diminish most responses to D, despite increased BZ effects on these
      functions. Pretreatment with ND reduced the subjective sedative effects of D. Our
      results support the view that the rate of development of tolerance to BZs is task
      dependent. Tolerance developed mostly to the complex tests subject to learning
      while Maddox wing test (reflecting the degree of muscle relaxation) was
      resistant. ND, the main metabolite of D, plays little part in the tolerance that
      developed to D.

PMID- 6442384
TI  - [Clinical picture in scabies: comparison of the clinical description found in the
      literature with 179 patients examined].
AB  - After analysing the recrudescence of scabies and its incidence in the State of
      Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, clinical manifestations of this parasitic infestation
      found in 179 patients examined are commented. The patients, 83 men and 96 women,
      were between 16 and 65 years old, interned in a psychiatric hospital. The
      clinical diagnosis was given by experienced dermatologists. Twenty-five text
      books have been reviewed so as to compare them to the series of patients
      examined. The main conclusions were the following: Burrons were found in only
      3.4% of the cases examined, although this kind of scabies lesion is the most
      valued and mentioned in specialized literature. It is considered to be the
      pathognomonic lesion of scabies and its finding defines the diagnosis. However,
      the data found show that its low frequency limits greatly the utilization of its
      finding in this parasitic form diagnostic practice. Although not expected in a
      precarious hygienic condition environment, the percentage of patients with
      secondary infection and eczema was relatively low. There was no apparent
      explanation for this fact. Confirming our clinical idea, previous to this study,
      papule-crusted kind lesion was the form most frequently present. It corresponds
      to the burron disrupted by scratching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442385
TI  - Preliminary observations on magnetic resonance imaging in refractory epilepsy.
AB  - We are studying the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in localization of
      epileptogenic foci in patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy.
      Imaging is performed using a prototype resistive unit operating at 0.15 T. All
      studies include 7 mm axial sections obtained with a partial saturation sequence
      (TR = 200 msec) in which signals are recovered with a spin echo (TE = 11 msec)
      and images reconstructed using a modified 2D Fourier transform technique. Since
      the temporal lobe and limbic system are the commonest site of seizure foci in
      this group of patients, examinations were performed with the plane of section
      parallel to the temporal horns of the lateral ventricles. Consensus
      interpretations by a radiologist, neurologist and neurosurgeon have recognized
      findings considered possibly abnormal in six of 11 epilepsy patients and none of
      six normal volunteers. These preliminary results indicate that further study is
      warranted in this group of patients. Critical evaluation of such findings must be
      carried out in a larger group including normals and patients with a variety of
      neurologic disorders.

PMID- 6442386
TI  - R68.45 plasmid mediated conjugation in Thiobacillus A2.
AB  - Plasmid R68.45 classified into the IncP-1 group which is characterized by a broad
      host range, was transferred from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA025 or Escherichia coli
      into Thiobacillus A2 by conjugation. The R plasmid was stably maintained in
      Thiobacillus A2 but only neomycin/kanamycin resistance was fully expressed in the
      new host. Conjugational transfer of R68.45 between different Thiobacillus A2
      strains was observed. R plasmid mediated transfer of chromosomal markers has been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6442387
TI  - The effect of shunt and ventilation--perfusion imbalance on arterial oxygen
      transport.

PMID- 6442388
TI  - [Regulators of differentiation in Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus].
AB  - Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus PRL 1642 producing valinomycin was shown to
      synthesize bioregulators of differentiation similar to A factor. The regulators
      stimulate spore formation and streptomycin synthesis in a Streptomyces griseus
      1439 mutant deficient in A factor. Some S. cyaneofuscatus mutants respond to A
      factor addition into the medium by an increase in valinomycin synthesis and a
      change in morphological properties. The regulators from S. cyaneofuscatus are
      more effective toward mutants of this species than toward S. griseus mutants.

PMID- 6442389
TI  - [Relation of DNA replication and cell division frequency in a population of
      microorganisms to the cell growth rate].
AB  - DNA replication and the frequency of cell division were studied in a microbial
      population in relation to the rate of cell growth. The relationship is based on
      the law of cell biomass linear increase during the cell cycle and on the
      exponential law of mean cell mass increase, and depends on the specific rate of
      population growth. The cell mass in the initiation of DNA replication is
      correlated with the number of initiation points basing on the Cooper-Helmstetter
      theory of DNA replication and taking account of the linear growth of mass in one
      cell. Possible applications of these relationships are discussed.

PMID- 6442390
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of the lipids in fungi of the genus Aspergillus
      developing on mineral media with different carbon sources].
AB  - This work was aimed at studying the effect of different carbon sources in the
      composition of mineral media on the growth of fungi belonging to the Aspergillus
      genus and on the fatty acid composition of their lipids. A chemically-defined
      medium with glucose was shown to be optimal for the growth of 18 Aspergillus
      strains and for the synthesis of lipids by them. The fatty acid composition of
      lipids was studied when the fungi grew in media with different carbon sources.
      The lipids were shown to contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with the
      prevalence of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.

PMID- 6442391
TI  - [Composition of the regulators of bacterial autolysis].
AB  - This work was aimed at studying the composition of agents regulating bacterial
      autolysis and isolated from the lysate of Bacillus subtilis 402, B. subtilis R2
      and Micrococcus lysodeikticus biomass by extraction with 5% TCA followed by
      precipitation from the extract with 5 volumes of isopropanol. Fractions
      activating bacterial autolysis and fractions inhibiting it were found in all of
      the preparations after separation on Acrylex P-60. Fractions with a molecular
      mass below 12,600 D activated the autolysis whereas fractions with a molecular
      mass above 18,400 D inhibited it. The activity of fractions inhibiting the
      autolysis decreased while that of fractions activating the autolysis increased in
      the regulating agents isolated from B. subtilis cultures with the aging of the
      latter. The capability of the fractions to activate the autolysis correlated with
      the content of amino groups and phosphate in them whereas the capacity to inhibit
      the autolysis correlated with the content of reducing sugars in the fractions.
      The preparation of the fraction which activated the autolysis from B. subtilis R2
      contained 18 amino acids with the predominance of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine
      and phenylalanine. Apparently, the regulating properties of the preparations are
      created with the aid of teichoic acids as well as peptidoglycan and protein
      fragments associated with the acids.

PMID- 6442392
TI  - [Mild cranial injuries in children: an approach to the problem and evaluation of
      its management].

PMID- 6442393
TI  - [Prolactin response to TRH in patients with idiopathic delayed puberty].

PMID- 6442394
TI  - [Supplemental and total parenteral nutrition in assisting the very small
      premature infant].

PMID- 6442395
TI  - [Prevention of infection in an ambulatory dental service. Considerations on
      appropriate technics of sterilization and disinfection].

PMID- 6442396
TI  - Protein III, a neuron-specific phosphoprotein: variant forms found in human
      brain.
AB  - Protein III is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein which consists of two
      polypeptides, IIIa (Mr 74 kD) and IIIb (Mr 55 kD). This phosphoprotein has
      previously been shown to be associated with synaptic vesicles. In the present
      investigation, we have examined Protein III in human brain tissue. In contrast to
      observations in rat brain, where only one form of Protein IIIb (Mr 55 kD) has
      been found, in human brain tissue three variants of Protein IIIb, designated
      Protein IIIb1 (Mr 55 kD), Protein IIIb2 (Mr 57 kD) and Protein IIIb3 (Mr 59 kD),
      were observed by both biochemical and immunochemical assays. Protein IIIa from
      human brain also exhibited three variants in electrophoretic mobility. Peptide
      maps of Proteins IIIa and IIIb revealed that the differences in electrophoretic
      mobility of the variants of these proteins were preserved in variants (Mr 18kD,
      Mr20kD, and Mr22kD) of a smaller peptide fragment. These variant forms of Protein
      III were studied in brains from individuals without any history of neurological
      or psychiatric illness, as well as from individuals who had suffered from one of
      several types of neuropathological conditions, such as chronic alcoholism,
      Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Some
      differences were observed in the distribution of variants among the various
      clinical categories.

PMID- 6442398
TI  - [Water-electrolyte changes caused by osmotic diuretics and furosemide use in the
      treatment of intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 6442397
TI  - Glycine potentiates the action of some anticonvulsant drugs in some seizure
      models.
AB  - The anticonvulsant effect of either phenobarbital or dilantin was potentiated by
      exogenous glycine in DBA/2 audiogenic seizure mice and in 3-mercaptopropionic
      acid-induced seizures. In seizures caused by pentylenetetrazol, glycine
      potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital only slightly; in
      combination with dilantin, which was ineffective by itself, it did not have an
      effect. Valproic acid, in large doses, prevented 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced
      seizures; glycine did not potentiate its effect. Glycine thus potentiates
      anticonvulsant effects, but only of some drugs and only in some of the seizure
      models. This suggests that the mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of glycine
      is similar to that of some of the anticonvulsant drugs such as dilantin and
      different from others, and that this mechanism is not effective in all seizure
      models.

PMID- 6442399
TI  - [Our experience with the use of total parenteral nutrition in a department of
      surgery].

PMID- 6442400
TI  - [Venous access for TPN. Apropos of 252 intravenous catheterizations].

PMID- 6442401
TI  - [Mannitol in the preparation of the colon for diagnostic and operative
      endoscopy].

PMID- 6442402
TI  - The virulence in mice of Neisseria meningitidis variants differing in free
      endotoxin activities and cell envelope properties.
AB  - The virulence of two serogroup B meningococcal strains (270E+ and 840E+) having a
      high endotoxin release during in vitro growth, was compared with the virulence of
      corresponding variants (270E- and 840E-) liberating less endotoxin. The E
      variants were isolated during subcultivations from the E+ strains. 270E+ and
      840E+ were both serotype 15:P1.16, while 270E- was serotype 15:P1.2 and 840E- was
      non-typable. The SDS-PAGE patterns of the E+ and E- variants were also
      dissimilar. The E+ and E- variants differed in several other properties. Groups
      of mice were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with E+
      and E- meningococci. The endotoxin activities of inoculates and mouse blood were
      assayed by a Limulus lysate test. The mice received a similar infective dose of
      E+ and E- variants. A higher level of CFU and endotoxin was found in heart blood
      of E+ than of E-infected mice during the first hours after infection. Both 30h
      and 72h after inoculation, E+ variants were significantly more lethal to mice
      than E- variants (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6442403
TI  - Measurement of 24 hour whole body retention of 99Tcm-diphosphonate by a single
      thyroid probe.
AB  - In a comparative study with a thyroid probe and a whole body counter (WBC) we
      found that whole body retention (WBR) (2 h and 24 h) may be correctly obtained
      using a single probe, provided that measurements are taken carefully. With the
      detecting geometry presented, the single probe yielded only a slightly higher WBR
      than the WBC (less than 3 percentage points). We conclude that the method is
      capable of differentiating between pathological and normal WBR values.

PMID- 6442404
TI  - [Results of scleroplastic operations in progressive myopia using biological
      tissues preserved in carbon dioxide].

PMID- 6442405
TI  - The blood-uterine lumen barrier and its possible significance in early embryo
      development.

PMID- 6442406
TI  - Pheromones and mammalian reproduction.

PMID- 6442407
TI  - Ovarian cysts in dairy cattle--observations of symptoms and milk progesterone
      values; therapy with GnRH and a combination of GnRH and PG.
AB  - Ovarian cysts of 59 cows were treated with an intramuscular dose of 50 micrograms
      GnRH analogue. Half of the cows were 9 days later further treated with 0.5 mg
      cloprostenol. The clinical symptoms were recorded. Whole milk progesterone was
      monitored on day of the treatment (GnRH) and on day 7. Most of the cows that had
      a high progesterone level showed no clinical symptoms of the ovarian cysts. The
      majority of the cows (50/59) had a low progesterone status (less than 10 nmol/l)
      at the time of the initial treatment. In only 7 cows the level had not risen by
      day 7. The cows of GnRH + PG group came into heat sooner (P less than 0.01) and
      conceived rather well; the treatment-conception interval was not, however,
      significantly shorter than in the GnRH group.

PMID- 6442408
TI  - [Use of lasers in medicine].

PMID- 6442409
TI  - [Results of antibacterial treatment of patients with bacteriologically confirmed
      pulmonary tuberculosis in Poland 1982].

PMID- 6442410
TI  - [The newborn infant of mothers under treatment with anticonvulsants. Description
      of 5 cases].
AB  - The effects of fetal exposure to the anticonvulsant drugs and their clinical,
      diagnostic and therapeutic problems have been considered. The authors have
      reported five cases of newborns from addicted mothers. Particularly discussed are
      some clinical and pathologic correlations involved in the exposure to the
      Hydantoin and to the Sodium Valproate.

PMID- 6442411
TI  - [Aarskog's syndrome. Description of a case and endocrinological study].
AB  - A 7-year-old male with the Aarskog Syndrome is described. This observation is the
      seventh of the italian literature. The child had the typical findings of the
      syndrome: short stature, abnormal facies, short fingers with interdigital
      webbing, unusual scrotal folds encircling the penis ventrally, cryptorchidism and
      mild mental retardation. Endocrinological study showed only a reduction of
      Testosterone secretion attributable to malposition of the testis. The presence of
      minor abnormalities in the mother is compatible with a "X-linked" recessive
      transmission or with inheritance of an autosomal gene, dominant in males and
      recessive in females (sex controlled).

PMID- 6442412
TI  - [Vaccination against epidemic parotitis].
AB  - Parotitis is usually a mild illness infrequently associated with severe
      complications, such as encephalitis, deafness or orchitis. The early studies of
      mumps vaccine (1940-1950) led to the development of killed virus preparations,
      which offered quite weakly protective immunity. Subsequently, attenuated live
      virus vaccines became available. These vaccines are more immunogenic and can be
      used mixed with measles and rubella vaccines. The widespread use of mumps vaccine
      in the United States has caused a dramatic reduction of the disease, with
      concomitant decrease of its complications. Although this may be explained by the
      vaccine-induced seroconversion (in over 95% of cases), the duration of protection
      is still unclear, since it is theoretically possible that after mumps
      immunization the infection could occur in older age-groups.

PMID- 6442413
TI  - [Results of 3 or 10 days' treatment with nitrofurantoin or cotrimoxazole in
      urinary infections in children].
AB  - 110 children, affected by UTI, were included in this study; 52 of them were
      treated for 10 days and the remaining 58 for 3 days. Both groups were treated
      with cotrimoxazole or nitrofurantoin. Urine cultures were repeated soon after the
      end of therapy and repeated subsequently for a period of 6 months or of 1 year.
      There is not a great difference between the results obtained with the 10 days
      treatment and those of the 3 days treatment. An high percentage of relapses
      occurred in UTI caused by Proteus and Klebsiella.

PMID- 6442414
TI  - [Exclusive parenteral nutrition via a peripheral vein in the treatment of severe
      protracted diarrhea in early childhood. Personal experience and clinical
      contribution].
AB  - Total peripheral parenteral nutrition (T.P.P.N.) in the treatment of prolonged
      serious diarrhea in infancy is discussed. T.P.P.N. was employed for a period from
      7 to 38 days in 18 particular diarrhoic infants with a good result in the 89%.
      Authors stress out conditions to obtain the best tolerance to glucidic, protidic
      and lipidic components. Limits of this therapy are related, overall, to the
      impossibility to deal with it for more than 3 weeks. When hyperbilirubinemie,
      respiratory failure and sepsis are present T.P.P.N. isn't prudentially to be
      used.

PMID- 6442415
TI  - [Proposal for difficult nursing in neonatal Hirschsprung's disease].
AB  - Often the Hirschsprung's disease presents severe neonatal manifestations:
      enterocolitis, intestinal occlusion. The authors experienced a conservative
      treatment in 3 patients with Hirschsprung's disease using elemental diets. This
      behaviour avoided the colostomy, otherwise necessary with a normal nursing.

PMID- 6442417
TI  - Photosensitivity from oral administration of a fluorouracil derivative (FT 207).

PMID- 6442416
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF)
      containing structures in the rat brain using anti-rat GHRF serum.
AB  - The distribution of growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) immunoreactive
      structures in the rat hypothalmus was studied after colchicine treatment with PAP
      immunocytochemistry in vibratome sections using an antiserum directed to rat
      hypothalamic GHRF. The majority of the GHRF-immunoreactive cell bodies were found
      in the arcuate nucleus, the medial perifornical region, and the ventral
      premammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus. Scattered cells were seen in the
      lateral basal hypothalamus, the medial and lateral portions of the ventromedial
      nucleus, and the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei. Immunoreactive fibers
      were observed in all the regions mentioned above. GHRF terminals were located in
      the central region of the median eminence. In addition, GHRF-immunoreactive
      neuronal processes were seen in the ventral region of the dorsomedial nucleus,
      the medial preoptic and suprachiasmatic regions, dorsal portion of the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminals and the hypothalamic
      portion of the stria terminals. The localization of GHRF-immunoreactive terminals
      in the median eminence reinforces the view that GHRF plays a physiological role
      in the regulation of pituitary function. In addition, the localization of GHRF
      immunoreactive structures in areas not usually considered to project to the
      median eminence suggest that GHRF may act as a neuromodulator or
      neurotransmitter.

PMID- 6442418
TI  - Influence of basic and branched chain amino acid interactions on the lysine and
      valine requirements of young turkeys.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of amino acid
      interactions on the lysine and valine adequacy of a low protein diet fed to Large
      White turkeys from 7 to 19 days of age. Corn-soybean meal diets containing 22 and
      30% protein served as controls in both experiments. Test diets involved
      supplementation of the 22% protein diet with several essential amino acid
      mixtures. Each diet was fed ad libitum to two pens of eight males and two pens of
      eight females in each of three trials, except that the 22% protein control diet
      was fed to four and two pens of each sex per trial in Experiments 1 and 2,
      respectively. Experiment 1 varied the levels of lysine (0, .60, and 1.20%) and
      arginine (0, .64, and 1.28%) included in the amino acid mixture. A decrease in
      supplemental lysine from .60 to 0% reduced weight gain and feed efficiency by 8.6
      and 2.4%, respectively. The lysine deficiency was not exacerbated by arginine
      supplementation up to 179% of the requirement. The effects of altering the
      leucine (0, .54, and 1.08%) and isoleucine (0 and .4%) contents of the amino acid
      mixture on the valine requirement were investigated in Experiment 2. Leucine and
      isoleucine supplementation of diets containing 1.25% valine acted independently
      to reduce weight gain and feed intake, but the depressions were reversed with the
      addition of .44% valine. Maximum weight gain and feed efficiency were not
      achieved with diets containing 1.25% valine and no added leucine or isoleucine,
      which were indicative of a true valine deficiency in the basal 22% protein
      diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442419
TI  - Effect of starvation-refeeding and an exogenous glucocorticoid on carbohydrate
      metabolism in chick liver.
AB  - Broiler chicks, 4 weeks of age, were subjected to a regimen of 48-hr starvation
      and 24-hr refeeding as a means of inducing hepatic glycogen supercompensation. A
      synthetic glucocorticoid (prednisolone) and transcription inhibitor (actinomycin
      D) treatment were superimposed on the starvation-refeeding regimen to examine the
      effect of an exogenous glucocorticoid and the necessity for de novo protein
      synthesis during glycogen supercompensation. Starvation decreased plasma glucose,
      immunoreactive insulin and liver glycogen. These parameters returned to, or
      overshot prefasting levels after a 48-hr refeeding period. Prednisolone magnified
      the overshoot response but some de novo protein synthesis was required. Glycogen
      synthase a activity was opposite that of liver glycogen content. A possible
      nonhormone stimulated glycogen synthetic mechanism in the starvation-refeeding
      response of the chick was noted.

PMID- 6442420
TI  - [Bacterial flora and its sensitivity to antibiotics in urinary tract infections
      in children].
AB  - The main bacteria causing urinary tract infections in children we found:
      Enterobacteriaceae (75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11,8%), Staphylococcus albus K-
      (5%) and Streptococcus faecalis (4%). Antibiotic sensitivity of 1362 strains of
      bacteria isolated from urinary tract of children treated in National Research
      Institute of Mother and Child in 1979-1981 were evaluated. Sensitivity on 12
      chemiotherapeutics were checked. Aminoglycoside antibiotics: tobramycin and
      gentamycin were found as the most efficient ones. Over 50% of bacteria strains
      showed sensitivity on negram, nitrofurantoin, colimycin, cephradin and
      carbenicillin. Fewest bacteria strains gave evidence of penicillin, ampicillin,
      biseptol and vibramycin sensitivity.

PMID- 6442421
TI  - Physiology and biochemistry of riboflavin formation.

PMID- 6442422
TI  - Adsorption characteristics of certain antibiotics to veegum and activated
      charcoal.
AB  - Adsorption of streptomycin sulphate and neomycin sulphate to veegum and activated
      charcoal in water or buffered solution was studied. Both antibiotics demonstrated
      a significant reduction in their activity, particularly in water. The activity of
      streptomycin sulphate decreased in the following order: veegum in water greater
      than activated charcoal in water greater than veegum in buffer greater than
      activated charcoal in buffer and their calculated adsorption coefficients were
      111 X 10(-3), 57 X 10(-3), 33 X 10(-3) and 25 X 10(-3) (respectively), while
      neomycin sulphate was affected in the following decreasing order: activated
      charcoal in water greater than activated charcoal in buffer greater than veegum
      in water greater than veegum in buffer. The calculated adsorption coefficients
      were 64 X 10(-3), 47 X 10(-3), 34 X 10(-3) and 26 X 10(-3) (respectively). The
      mechanism of adsorption was discussed.

PMID- 6442423
TI  - Effect of sodium lauryl sulphate and Tween 80 on the permeation of glibenclamide
      from its tablet formulations through rabbit jejunal sac.

PMID- 6442424
TI  - [Hydrolysis of valproamide to valproic acid].

PMID- 6442425
TI  - [The comparative action of calcium valproate (Convulsofin) with sodium valproate
      and free acid].

PMID- 6442426
TI  - Hill plots of muscles bathed in hypertonic solutions.
AB  - The velocity of muscle contraction is found to decrease as the osmotic pressure
      increases for constant load. Vmax evaluated from computer fitted load/velocity
      curves shows two distinct activation processes when plotted against the
      reciprocal of absolute temperature. Hill's equation proves to be an accurate
      descriptor of the experimental P/V curves for each osmotic pressure and
      temperature. The area under the P/V curves was found to provide a more reliable
      parameter representing the overall muscle response than Vmax. When the bathing
      solution is made sufficiently hypertonic only one activation process remains.
      These effects are found to be reversible. The results are explained in terms of
      the inhibition of ATP splitting during the crossbridge power stroke.

PMID- 6442427
TI  - Releasing of intracellular glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger.
AB  - A method is presented for the release of glucoamylase (alpha-D-1,4-glucan
      glucohydrolase, E. C. 3,2,1, 3) from mycelia of Aspergillus niger. The process
      involves (a) suspension of mycelia at the stationary phase in water, and (b)
      homogenization and agitation of the suspension. The released intracellular enzyme
      is further purified by DEAE-cellulose.

PMID- 6442429
TI  - The elusive Freud.

PMID- 6442428
TI  - PSRO, quality review and mental health--a political and practical guide.
AB  - Quality assessment of mental health care is distinguished by it defensive
      character. The field has been sensitive to the criticisms of outside agencies and
      groups to the point of studying the quality of care it provides far more than
      other health providers have done. The result has been productive leadership in
      matters of practical evaluation. The author details the impact of PSRO, the JCAH,
      DRGS, and other formal review mechanisms upon the quality assessment process. He
      catalogs a shift in emphasis to take into account organizational dynamics and
      concludes that the JCAH seems to be propelling alcohol, drug, and mental health
      treatment programs into creative new directions.

PMID- 6442430
TI  - Countertransference, sensory images, and the therapeutic cure.

PMID- 6442431
TI  - Psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and women in America: an historical note.

PMID- 6442432
TI  - "The whole scene of this voyage": a primal scene reading of Gulliver's Voyage to
      Brobdingnag.

PMID- 6442433
TI  - Psychoanalysis in civilizational perspective: the self in India, Japan, and
      America.

PMID- 6442434
TI  - Freud's Irma dream and the origins of psychoanalysis.
AB  - This paper investigates Freud's Irma dream as a response, in part, to the
      publication of Studies on Hysteria (Breuer & Freud, 1893-1895). As such, Freud's
      dream and associations reveal a great deal regarding the origins of
      psychoanalysis. The preamble to the dream reflects Freud's concern with the
      ground rules and boundaries of the psychotherapeutic technique that he was in the
      process of developing. This paper cites evidence for Freud's concerns regarding
      the consequences of alterations in these basic tenets. The Irma dream and Freud's
      associations also convey a deep and apparently unconscious concern within Freud
      in respect to the concept of transference, which he may have realized on some
      level had been used to defensively deny disturbing inputs by the therapist into
      the treatment situation and patient. The dream may be understood also as
      reflecting a deep sense of concern regarding unrecognized harmful effects of
      psychoanalytic psychotherapy and Freud's concern that the treatment process might
      be more destructive than helpful. The curative aspects of psychotherapy are
      viewed in terms of action-discharge rather than insight. In all, this reanalysis
      of the Irma dream focuses on Freud's unconscious conflicts, fantasies, and
      anxieties at a time when he, along with Breuer, presented a burgeoning
      psychoanalytic treatment modality to the professional world.

PMID- 6442435
TI  - Psychosexual development as a process of equilibration.

PMID- 6442436
TI  - From somnambulism to the archetypes: the French roots of Jung's split with Freud.

PMID- 6442437
TI  - Perturbations of the endothelium.

PMID- 6442438
TI  - Lithium effects on neuroendocrine function.
AB  - We studied growth hormone and prolactin responses to insulin hypoglycemia and TSH
      response to TRH in symptom-free bipolar patients and healthy controls. There were
      no significant differences in prolactin and growth hormone responses to
      hypoglycemia between stabilized bipolar patients and healthy controls, both
      tested medication-free. When lithium was administered to both groups, only
      bipolar patients showed a dramatic reduction in prolactin and growth hormone
      responses. Both bipolar patients in remission and healthy controls showed an
      increase of TSH response to TRH when treated with lithium in comparison with the
      testings before lithium administration. The subjects, both patients and
      volunteers, showed a comparable degree of hypoglycemia on and off lithium. The
      observed difference in responsiveness of bipolar patients warrants further
      systematic investigation and offers interesting possibilities for practical
      utilization.

PMID- 6442439
TI  - beta-Phenylethylamine and reinforcement.
AB  - beta-Phenylethylamine is an endogenous brain amine which has been characterised
      as an endogenous amphetamine. The rewarding properties of the structurally
      similar drug amphetamine in humans and other species indicate a possible role for
      endogenous beta-phenylethylamine in neural processes underlying reward or
      reinforcement. Evidence for reinforcing properties of beta-phenylethylamine in
      the drug self-administration and place preference paradigms is briefly reviewed.
      The possibility that endogenous beta-phenylethylamine may be involved in
      reinforcement processes is also considered in relation to studies of intracranial
      self-stimulation. The contrasting aversive stimulus properties of beta
      phenylethylamine and of amphetamine are described.

PMID- 6442440
TI  - Evaluating drug effects on children's cognitive functioning.
AB  - In our studies of drug therapy in child psychiatry disorders, we have been using
      a battery of tests to monitor any effects of medication on the various components
      of cognitive processing. Our intention was to measure skills required by the
      children for successful classroom performance. We have used this test battery
      approach in open clinical trials of bupropion (Wellbutrin) and of alprazolam
      (Xanax) with child psychiatry patients. On no single test was the effect of
      bupropion vs placebo significant; however, there was no indication of any
      cognitive deterioration with bupropion. Group performance with alprazolam was
      more variable, and again no individual test showed significant changes with
      medication. These initial applications of the cognitive battery indicate that
      bupropion, a new antidepressant and alprazolam, an anxiolytic have no adverse
      effects on cognition at therapeutically effective doses.

PMID- 6442441
TI  - Factors associated with a good response to lithium in aggressive mentally
      handicapped subjects.
AB  - Twenty-five (25) mentally handicapped in-patient adults with persistent
      aggressive behaviour took part in a double-blind crossover trial lasting 5 months
      comparing the effects of lithium with placebo on aspects of aggressive behaviour.
      All patients were receiving neuroleptic and/or anticonvulsant drugs which were
      continued during the trial. Seventeen (17) of the patients showed greater
      improvement during the lithium phase compared to placebo. Multiple regression
      analysis was carried out to determine which of 17 background variables were
      related to outcome. The following factors were associated with a good response to
      lithium: less than one aggressive episode per week before starting treatment,
      overactivity, stereotypic behaviour, female sex and epilepsy. No patient became
      toxic during the investigation although lithium levels were maintained within the
      therapeutic range (0.5-0.8 mmol/l).

PMID- 6442442
TI  - Ontogeny of the response to growth hormone-releasing factor.
AB  - Primary cell cultures were prepared from fetal, neonatal and adult rat
      pituitaries and evaluated for their ability to secrete growth hormone (GH) in
      response to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Pituitary cells prepared from
      fetuses at days 19 and 21 of gestation, neonatal animals at the day of birth (day
      0) or the following day (day 1) and peripubertal male rats showed full dose
      response curves to GRF with maximal GH release when stimulated with 1 X 10(-10) M
      rat GRF. At this concentration of GRF, the amount of GH released was not
      different from that elicited by activation of adenylate cyclase with 1 X 10(-5) M
      forskolin. In contradistinction, a preparation of cells from fetuses at day 18 of
      gestation did not show the same release of GH when challenged with 1 X 10(-10) M
      GRF and forskolin (0.057 +/- 0.001, compared to 0.076 +/- 0.003 micrograms/10(5)
      cells per 4.5 h), although the cells clearly responded to both secretagogues
      (basal levels of GH, 0.029 +/- 0.002 micrograms/10(5) cells per 4.5 h). While
      cells prepared from fetuses at day 21 of gestation or from animals after birth
      released 5-10% of their total cellular GH content, those prepared from 18- and 19
      day fetuses released as much as 40% of their total GH suggesting there is a
      maturation of intracellular GH processing that occurs late in gestation. The
      results show that, in late pregnancy, the rat fetal pituitary is highly
      responsive to growth hormone-releasing factor and suggest that this peptide
      participates in regulating GH levels during the perinatal period.

PMID- 6442443
TI  - [Frequency of Neisseria gonorrhea in gynecologic patients. Hospital Clinico
      Universitario Jose J. Aguirre].

PMID- 6442444
TI  - Effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on acid-base status of fowl blood.
AB  - Arterial blood Po/, Pco2, lactate levels and Cl- ion concentration as well as pH
      were measured on the time course in chickens (Gallus domesticus) as they settled
      in normoxic conditions and during exposure to acute hypobaric hypoxia (Pb = 450
      Torr). Hypoxia provoked at first a CO2 increased output from blood and a brief
      stage of deep metabolic acidosis during which lactate levels suddenly increased.
      This acidosis was then compensated producing a return to the initial pH and a
      decrease in [HCO3-] + [CO3(2-)] after 60 min. Subsequently respiratory alkalosis
      associated with an increase in [HCO-3] + [CO3(2-)], a decrease in cl- ion
      concentration and a small decrease in lactate levels were observed. Prolonged
      exposure to hypoxia (16 h) resulted in a new return to the initial pH, a decrease
      in concentration of [HCO3-] + [CO3(2-)] and a high lactate level. The hematocrit
      value, the Hb concentration, and the plasma Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ ion
      concentration did not change significantly.

PMID- 6442445
TI  - Postjunctional Origin of the indirect-like sympathomimetic effect of metanephrine
      and normetanephrine on blood pressure.
AB  - The effects of metanephrine and normetanephrine have been compared with those
      from equiactive doses of the origin compounds, adrenaline and noradrenaline, on
      the pressor responses in rat, in order to determine whether their effects are
      owed, at least partially, to a releasing presynaptic action of the catecholamines
      in normal animals as well as those pretreated with reserpine, guanethidine and 6
      OH-dopamine. Their effects have likewise been studied in isolated perfused renal
      arteries both in normal and reserpinized rats. None of the adrenolytic agent used
      were able either to reduce the duration of the hypertensive response or to
      accelerate tachyphylaxis. Identical results were obtained in renal artery
      preparations. It is thus concluded that the catecholamines stored in presynaptic
      endings are not involved in the observed phenomena and it is suggested that they
      might depend on the high doses required to produce effects equiactive to those of
      the origin substances.

PMID- 6442446
TI  - Effects of salicylate on insulin and glucagon secretion by the isolated and
      perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - The effects of sodium salicylate, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, on glucose
      induced secretion of insulin and glucagon by the isolated perfused rat pancreas
      have been studied. Sodium salicylate inhibited both basal (2.8 mM glucose) and
      stimulated (16.7 mM glucose) insulin release in a dose dependent manner (1, 5 and
      10 mM). This inhibition is not interpretable in terms of a simple inhibition of
      cyclooxygenase by sodium salicylate. Basal glucagon release was not changed by 1
      mM sodium salicylate but the latter partially blocked its inhibition by 16.7 mM
      glucose. Higher doses of sodium salicylate (5 and 10 mM) inhibited basal glucagon
      secretion without affecting its response to 16.7 mM glucose. These findings
      suggest a predominant stimulatory action of endogenous prostaglandins on glucagon
      release.

PMID- 6442447
TI  - [Intraorbital ossification and inflammatory pseudotumor: bone choristoma or
      metaplastic ossification?].

PMID- 6442448
TI  - [Nutritional support in hospitalized patients: a years' experience].

PMID- 6442449
TI  - [Management of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6442450
TI  - [Polycystic ovaries. Round table].
AB  - Because of the variety and inconstancy of the clinical symptoms, it is difficult
      to establish a classification of the clinical forms. However, the laboratory
      profile, essentially a raised serum LH, is fairly constant in every case. The
      pathophysiology of the disequilibrium of androgen and gonadotrophin secretion can
      be explained on the basis of various initial functional abnormalities, such as an
      excess of adrenal androgens or LH or, conversely, a deficiency of FSH. Cystic
      disease is very common in veterinary medicine and presents a number of specific
      features. The treatment of polycystic ovaries depends on the symptoms (hirsutism,
      amenorrhea, sterility). In the case of sterility, inducers of ovulation are
      effective, but are very difficult to manipulate. A number of authors propose
      surgical excision (removal of the larger of the two ovaries).

PMID- 6442451
TI  - [Hepatitis following blood transfusion for obstetrical incidents].

PMID- 6442452
TI  - [Endoscopic placement of sondes for enteral feeding].

PMID- 6442453
TI  - [Determination of apolipoproteins AI and B: diagnostic significance and
      immunochemical methods].

PMID- 6442454
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two proteins copurifying with carcinoembryonic
      antigen.
AB  - Using common purification procedures CEA was eluted as a symmetrical peak after
      gel-chromatography with a molecular weight (mw) of 180,000. The purity was
      assessed by the Ouchterlony test and immunoelectrophoresis, and by SDS-PAGE,
      where only one precipitation line and one band were obtained. However, two weak
      bands with a mw of 45,000 and 58,000 appeared, when iodinated CEA preparations
      were analyzed on SDS-PAGE. It was impossible to separate these proteins from CEA
      by a great variety of purification procedures. Out of several different immune
      sera, only two, anti-alpha-antitrypsin and anti-alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, reacted
      with the proteins. Furthermore, antisera against these protease inhibitors also
      immunoprecipitated the typical 180,000 mw band of CEA. This was also true for CEA
      prepared by other laboratories. We have purified and partially characterized both
      proteins. Although reacting with antisera against alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1
      antichymotrypsin they were not identical to the protease inhibitors, because they
      possess a different N-terminal amino acid sequence than published for them.
      However, the comparison of their sequences to 1900 total protein sequences made
      by computer search revealed a strong homology of the N-terminal sequence of the
      45,000 mw protein with an internal sequence of alpha-1-antitrypsin. For the
      58,000 mw protein no significant homology was found.

PMID- 6442455
TI  - Characterization of a common antigen of colorectal and mucinous ovarian tumors,
      COTA.
AB  - A new colon cancer antigen is reported. It is designated as COTA, Colon-Ovarian
      Tumor Antigen, because it is found in mucins produced by both tissues during
      malignancy. The new antigen was identified by making antibodies against human
      colon cancer tissue in goats. The antisera were exhaustively absorbed with
      lyophilized extracts of normal colon, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, plasma, and
      the well-known colon tumor antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The new
      antigen was identified by immunodiffusion. Studies of 28 malignant tissue
      extracts, 10 ovarian adenocarcinoma cyst fluids, 43 normal tissues, and 5 plasma
      samples revealed that this antigen is found only in colon tumors and mucinous
      ovarian adenocarcinomas. The antigen was not detected in serous adenocarcinoma of
      the ovaries, extracts of adenocarcinoma of lung, breast, kidney or stomach nor in
      the extracts of normal tissues. Other tests show that this antigen is not CEA, Ca
      19-9, or CSAp. It is stable to heating at 65 degrees for 5 minutes; it elutes
      from an ion exchange matrix (DEAE) with 0.3-0.5M NaCl; it migrates to the alpha-2
      region on immunoelectrophoresis; and its size, by exclusion chromatography on
      Sepharose 4B, is 3-15 million daltons. Anti-COTA stains colon cancer tissue
      sections indicating that COTA is present in goblet-cell mucin.

PMID- 6442456
TI  - [Planning of a preventive program for oro-dental diseases at the school level].

PMID- 6442457
TI  - [Health care demands and reported morbidity in a district of Murcia].

PMID- 6442458
TI  - [Health care among the African population residing in the district of Maresme
      (Barcelona)].

PMID- 6442459
TI  - Gastric acid inhibition by antral acidification mediated by endogenous
      prostaglandins.
AB  - The effects of indomethacin on the basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion at
      controlled intragastric pH were examined. Four tests with modified sham feeding
      were made in nine healthy volunteers on different occasions, twice with acid and
      twice with alkaline perfusion of the stomach. Blocking of the prostaglandin
      biosynthesis with indomethacin preceded one of the tests at each pH. Plasma
      levels of gastrin were measured. Antral acidification suppressed the basal and
      vagally stimulated gastric secretion rate of H+ and Cl-. The inhibition was
      associated with a decreased plasma gastrin response. Indomethacin reduced the
      inhibition of the peak acid output and plasma gastrin levels induced by antral
      acidification. During alkalinization of the stomach indomethacin had no effect on
      the acid secretion rate or plasma gastrin levels. The results suggest that the pH
      dependent inhibitory regulation of the gastric acid secretion is mediated by
      locally produced prostaglandins. The mechanism functions at least partially
      through modifying the release of gastrin.

PMID- 6442460
TI  - On the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions in septic shock.

PMID- 6442461
TI  - [Comparison of clinical and electroencephalographic findings in absence in
      childhood].

PMID- 6442462
TI  - [Methods of determining centrophenoxine and p-chlorphenoxyacetic acid].

PMID- 6442463
TI  - Compression bandage in the treatment of ankle sprains. A comparative prospective
      study.
AB  - The value of a compression bandage applied for 4 days following ankle sprains was
      assessed in a comparative study. The effect of the treatment was evaluated by
      changes in an inflammatory score based on a combination of subjective (pain,
      function) and objective (swelling, limitation of movement, pain on passive
      movement) factors. The study included two consecutive series each of 50 patients
      treated with a compression bandage, and untreated. There was no significant
      difference in the reduction of the inflammatory score from start to the fourth
      day (0.5 less than p less than 0.6) or from start to the eighth day (0.1 less
      than p less than 0.2) between the group treated with compression bandage and the
      untreated group. Analysis of the individual factors included in the inflammatory
      score demonstrated no difference in the course of pain, function, swelling, or
      limitation of movement between the two groups.

PMID- 6442464
TI  - Induction of ovulation with gonadotrophins--a ten year review.
AB  - We describe the outcome of induction of ovulation with gonadotrophins (HMG/HCG)
      in 46 patients treated over 138 cycles. Ovulation was induced in 88 per cent of
      cycles and there were 43 conceptions in 33 patients with a cumulative conception
      rate of 96 per cent. The incidence of multiple pregnancy was 36 per cent of those
      reaching a gestation of 13 weeks or more and accounted for all the second and
      third trimester foetal losses. Overall, 61 per cent of the patients have taken
      home at least one healthy child. Mild symptomatic ovarian hyperstimulation
      complicated 9.4 per cent of courses and was more frequent among patients with
      normal pretreatment oestrogen levels. We found continuous biochemical monitoring
      of follicular growth to be a poor predictor of multiple pregnancy or
      hyperstimulation. We discuss our local experience with reference to published
      reports from other centres and in relation to recent advances in management and
      consider the future role of this therapy.

PMID- 6442465
TI  - Possible hepatoxicity of tocainide.
AB  - A case of a woman on tocainide who developed abnormal liver function. A causal
      relationship is postulated.

PMID- 6442466
TI  - [Nutrition: milk is healthy but how well do we tolerate milk?].

PMID- 6442467
TI  - Fibrinogen, factor VIII related antigen, antithrombin III and alpha 2-antiplasmin
      in peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - In 306 subjects, 217 without and 89 with peripheral arterial disease (PAD),
      VIIIR:Ag and alpha 2-antiplasmin are significantly higher in PAD (p less than
      0.01). In the PAD negative group the ratio alpha 2-antiplasmin/antithrombin III
      activity is significantly higher 1.11 +/- 0.3 in the patients with an abnormal
      exercise ECG typical of coronary disease than in normal subjects 1.02 +/- 0.2 (p
      less than 0.05). In the PAD positive group antithrombin III concentration is
      higher in patients with a normal exercise ECG than in patients with abnormal
      exercise ECG (p less than 0.05). The same is true for alpha 2-antiplasmin but not
      for the antithrombin III activity. Fibrinogen and VIIIR:Ag are higher in patients
      with a previous myocardial infarction, however, the age is also significantly
      different as compared to the group without previous myocardial infarction.
      Disturbance of the cerebral arterial circulation is characterized by an elevation
      of VIIR:Ag and of alpha 2-antiplasmin as compared to the values obtained in
      patients without this complication. There is a general tendency towards higher
      alpha 2-antiplasmin values with the extension of the arterial disease.

PMID- 6442468
TI  - An immunoradiometric assay for factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) using two
      monoclonal antibodies-comparison with polyclonal rabbit antibodies for use in von
      Willebrand's disease diagnosis.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies raised against FVIII/von Willebrand protein were used
      in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) to measure this antigen in normal plasma and
      plasma of patients with different forms of von Willebrand's disease. The first
      antibody, an IgG1, was used to coat polystyrene tubes, the second one, an IgG2a,
      iodinated and used in the second step. Both antibodies inhibit ristocetin induced
      platelet agglutination and react strongly with platelets, megakaryocytes and
      endothelial cells. The IRMA test using these antibodies showed greater
      sensitivity than that using rabbit polyclonal anti VIIIRAg antibodies. A good
      correlation between the two tests was nevertheless found when VIIIRAg was
      measured in the majority of patient's plasma. However 5 patients from 3 different
      families showed more antigenic material in the rabbit antibody IRMA than in the
      monoclonal antibody IRMA. It is suggested therefore that the monoclonal
      antibodies identify part of the VIIIR:Ag molecule showing structural
      abnormalities in these vWd patients, these structural changes remaining
      undetected by the polyclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6442469
TI  - Quantitation by radioimmunoassay of thrombospondin synthesised and secreted by
      human endothelial cells.
AB  - Synthesis and secretion of thrombospondin by cultured human endothelial cells was
      quantified using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Two endothelial lines were
      examined; those from umbilical veins and those from saphenous veins. The foetal
      line secreted approximately 17 micrograms/10(6) cells of the antigen at 24 hr,
      whereas the saphenous line secreted five times less in the same period.
      Intracellular values were similar in both lines. Thrombin and calcium ionophore
      A23187 were added to umbilical vein endothelial cultures. In contrast to
      platelets where both agents cause a rapid release reaction, no such
      thrombospondin release was observed in endothelial cells.

PMID- 6442470
TI  - Urinary excretion rate of antithrombin III related antigen in cerebral stroke.
AB  - The urinary excretion rate of antithrombin III related antigen (AT III RA) was
      examined in cerebral stroke. The excretion rate of AT III RA in cerebral
      hemorrhage (CH) was 12.33 +/- 1.61 X 10(-4) ml/min. The patients with CH were
      further classified into two groups: in group CH-I, whose consciousness state was
      stupor or further deteriorated including coma on admission, the excretion rate of
      AT III RA was 18.08 +/- 2.50 X 10(-4) ml/min. In group CH-II, whose consciousness
      state was clear on admission, the excretion rate of AT III RA was significantly
      lower than that in CH-I (6.20 +/- 1.56 X 10(-4) ml/min). The excretion rate in
      cerebral thrombosis (CT) was 1.96 +/- 0.25 X 10(-4) ml/min, which was
      significantly lower than that in CH. The excretion rate of AT III RA in both CH
      and CT was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (0.29 +/-
      0.04 X 10(-4) ml/min). Thus, AT III may change dynamically in cerebral stroke.

PMID- 6442471
TI  - Plasma fibronectin levels in clinical disease states and after cryoprecipitate
      infusion.
AB  - Fibronectin levels were measured in 151 hospitalized patients with liver disease,
      sepsis, malignancy, leukemia, and following trauma or surgery, using heterologous
      precipitating antibody in an immunoassay. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) in 25 controls
      was 0.95 +/- 0.06 U/ml, with females, 0.83 +/- 0.07 U/ml, lower than males, 1.09
      +/- 0.09 U/ml. Mean fibronectin levels were decreased in all disease groups
      except in obstructive liver disease. The reduced levels in hepatocellular disease
      and the restoration of levels to normal after orthotopic liver transplantation in
      patients with hepatocellular disease supports the theory that hepatic synthesis
      contributes significantly to plasma fibronectin levels. Following cryoprecipitate
      infusion in four hemophiliac patients, plasma fibronectin levels rose to 32% to
      45% of the levels predicted. In patients with reduced fibronectin and poor
      clinical response to standard treatment (antibiotics, chemotherapy),
      cryoprecipitate infusions may raise the levels of fibronectin and, perhaps,
      contribute to clinical improvement.

PMID- 6442472
TI  - Gabexate mesilate (Foy) as an anticoagulant in extracorporeal circulation in dogs
      and sheep.
AB  - Gabexate mesilate (GM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor with a short half
      life time of approx. 80 sec, was applied as the exclusive anticoagulant in small
      scale extracorporeal circulation in narcotized dogs and sheep. The animals
      underwent a veno-venous bypass. As the blood was drawn out of the femoral vein,
      GM was infused immediately into the extracorporeal system. GM was greatly reduced
      because of its short half-life time before the blood reentered the animal via a
      brachial vein. In order to control the coagulatory state of the blood, the
      Activated Clotting Time (ACT), Partial Thromboplastine Time (PTT) and
      Recalcification Time (RT) were measured in regular intervals. In addition, a
      screen pressure test device was used to monitor on line during ECC the tendency
      of blood clotting. It was shown that the blood of the extracorporeal system was
      sufficiently anticoagulated by an infusion of 0.03 mg/ml/min GM. During two hours
      ECC, simultaneously measured ACT-values of the animals only differed up to 10
      percent from the native values. Pilot studies have shown that the results of
      these model investigations could be successfully transferred to extracorporeal
      circulation with membrane oxygenators and pumps as they are clinically used.

PMID- 6442473
TI  - Effect of anti-thrombospondin antibodies on the hemagglutination activities of
      the endogenous platelet lectin and thrombospondin.
AB  - The proposal that thrombospondin is the endogenous platelet lectin was evaluated
      using antisera and monoclonal antibodies to thrombospondin. The platelet-bound
      hemagglutinin activity of human platelets stimulated with A23187 was inhibited by
      rabbit anti-thrombospondin sera and by a monoclonal anti-thrombospondin IgG. A
      second monoclonal IgG did not inhibit platelet-bound agglutinin activity.
      Preparations of purified platelet thrombospondin differed in their
      hemagglutination activities. The hemagglutination activity of an active
      preparation of thrombospondin was inhibited by the monoclonal antibody that
      inhibited platelet-bound lectin activity. The hemagglutination activity of an
      almost inactive preparation of thrombospondin was enhanced by the anti
      thrombospondin monoclonal antibody that did not block platelet-bound lectin
      activity. The results demonstrate that expression of the platelet-bound form of
      the endogenous lectin is thrombospondin-dependent and suggest that thrombospondin
      must become part of a larger complex, either by binding to the platelet surface
      or by becoming aggregated in solution, before hemagglutination activity can be
      expressed.

PMID- 6442474
TI  - Interaction of sporozoites of Theileria parva with bovine lymphocytes in vitro.
      I. Early events after invasion.
AB  - Sporozoites of Theileria parva rapidly enter bovine lymphocytes by a mechanism of
      passive endocytosis that depends upon progressive circumferential binding of
      ligands on the parasite to receptors on the host-cell membrane. Within 10 min of
      entry, the micronemes of the sporozoite discharge their content and the
      enveloping host-cell membrane is lysed. The host cell responds within 30 min of
      invasion by polymerization of microtubules arrayed tangential to the sporozoite
      and converging upon the cytocentrum. Multivesicular bodies and lysosomes are
      generated and gather around the parasite but are ineffective in the absence of an
      endocytotic membrane with which they can fuse. Thus Theileria parva can be added
      to the category of obligate intracellular parasites that ensure their survival by
      lysis of the parasitophorous vacuole.

PMID- 6442475
TI  - [Toward a modern treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. Bacteriologic and
      pharmacologic bases and short-term treatment].

PMID- 6442476
TI  - [Current bacteriologic aspects of pleuro-pulmonary tuberculosis in adults].

PMID- 6442477
TI  - [Gasometry of the pleural fluid].

PMID- 6442478
TI  - The Rhesus story in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 6442479
TI  - Mortality in hemophiliac populations.

PMID- 6442480
TI  - [Evolution of measles morbidity during the use of a vaccination program].

PMID- 6442481
TI  - [Role of paramedical personnel in the resuscitation and care of newborn infants
      with fetal distress].

PMID- 6442482
TI  - [Puppet theater, a stimulating element in psychomotor development in children's
      collectives].

PMID- 6442483
TI  - [Possibilities for recuperation in the sequelae of pediatric encephalopathies].

PMID- 6442484
TI  - [Education for health in the problems of the demography and protection of
      mothers, children and adolescents].

PMID- 6442485
TI  - [Contribution of the paramedical personnel of an urban dispensary for adults to
      scientific medical activity].

PMID- 6442486
TI  - [First aid in upper digestive tract hemorrhage, a major medicosurgical
      emergency].

PMID- 6442487
TI  - [Method for TENS using Electronical and TUR RS 12 equipment].

PMID- 6442488
TI  - [Contribution of paramedical personnel in a galenicals laboratory to the
      development of new drugs or the replacement of domestic products].

PMID- 6442489
TI  - [Psychological characteristics of patients hospitalized as emergency cases and
      the role of nurses].

PMID- 6442490
TI  - [Prof. Victor Babes and the problems of secondary education].

PMID- 6442491
TI  - [Venous use of nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6442492
TI  - [So-called immunoglobulin-producing lymphoma with a case presentation and the
      production of monoclonal immunoglobulin M].
AB  - The authors discuss the B-cellular lymphomas, producing various kinds of
      monoclonal paraproteins as well as parts of them--light or heavy chains. A case
      of a patient with lymphoplasmocytic malignant lymphoma, producing monoclonal IgM
      in pentamer form mainly, as well as in Valdenstrom disease but without the
      symptoms characteristic for it--hyperviscosity and hemorrhagic diathesis, is
      described. The disease has been histologically, cytologically and electron
      microscopically diagnosed. Attention is paid to the long-term relatively benign
      course and subsequent malignant course with manifested laboratory changes as well
      as change in the objective state, requiring the monotherapy to be substituted for
      active complex treatment, though the effect was unsatisfactory, with a fatal
      outcome of the inflammatory complications and progressive anemia. The place of
      the case in Kiel classification of malignant lymphomas is discussed.

PMID- 6442493
TI  - [The ABO and RH-HR blood-group systems in patients with hepatic coma in acute
      hepatitis B].

PMID- 6442494
TI  - [Use of gastrointestinal dialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure].

PMID- 6442495
TI  - [Rare case of injury of the upper part of the esophagus].

PMID- 6442496
TI  - [Side effects of Dimer X used in radiculography].

PMID- 6442497
TI  - [Evaluation of late results of treatment of acute myocardial infarction with
      intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin and streptokinase based on two-dimensional
      echocardiography and multipoint electrocardiography].

PMID- 6442498
TI  - [Radioimmunologic tests in specific immunotherapy of atopic rhinitis].

PMID- 6442499
TI  - Physicochemical and immunological characterization of meningococcal group A
      polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates prepared by two methods.
AB  - Two methods have been applied for the covalent binding of high molecular weight
      Neisseria meningitidis group A polysaccharide to tetanus toxoid. The first method
      used cyanogen bromide as the coupling reagent and the second used both glycine
      and 6-amino-n-hexanoic acid as spacers and N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)
      carbodiimide as the coupling reagent. Each conjugation was performed twice. The
      conjugates were analysed by biochemical, physicochemical and immunochemical
      techniques. The immunogenic activities of the conjugates were studied in mice.
      The IgG responses to both components of the conjugates were measured by the
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the first dose differences in
      immunogenic activity of the tetanus toxoid component of the conjugates were seen,
      whereas after the second dose differences in activity of the polysaccharide
      component were observed. The second dose of all conjugates produced clear booster
      effects in the responses to both components. AlPO4 potentiated both the primary
      antibody responses and did not influence the booster effects. These data indicate
      that both components of the conjugates behaved as thymic-dependent immunogens.
      The second method of preparation resulted in conjugates with higher immunogenic
      activities. Significant differences in activity, however, were seen between
      conjugates prepared by the same method. These data indicate that the
      reproducibility of the method of preparation needs further consideration.

PMID- 6442500
TI  - Anthrax: the disease in relation to vaccines.
AB  - The authors trace the origins and history of anthrax and anthrax vaccines. They
      describe the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease and the variety of
      symptoms which result from infection. The authors relate the early work performed
      by Pasteur, the development of existing vaccines and the efficacy of these
      vaccines, and predict the type of non-living vaccines which may be used to combat
      anthrax in the future.

PMID- 6442501
TI  - Anthrax: the disease in relation to vaccines.

PMID- 6442502
TI  - [Treatment of the late sequelae of craniocerebral injury].

PMID- 6442503
TI  - [Intravenous feeding during the chemotherapy of oncological patients].

PMID- 6442504
TI  - [New data on the life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei de Geer, its association with
      clinical manifestations and improved methods of diagnosing scabies].

PMID- 6442505
TI  - [Bacteriological studies of dental units in conservative dentistry as well as
      requirements and recommendations for hygiene in dental practice].
AB  - Four different dental units (Sirona 2000, Sirodont S, Sirona 2000 and Siro I)
      used in conservative dentistry were investigated bacteriologically by analysing
      water samples from the tumblers, the assistant's spray, micromotors, hand sprays
      at the units and from the scalers. The results of the analysis (shown in Table 2
      5) reveal that micro-organisms of the Pseudomonas group were mainly found in the
      turbines and also in the micromotors. In other areas of the equipment micro
      organisms of the acinetobacter species were frequently identified. The germ
      counts were very high, especially in the morning, and not infrequently reach
      levels as high as 50,000 germs/ml. For disinfection isopropyl alcohol and Tego
      103 S were used; the latter was found to produce a good disinfecting action
      following prolonged exposure. Further requirements and recommendations for
      hygiene in the dental practice are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6442506
TI  - [Disinfection and sterilization of thermolabile instruments with gaseous
      formaldehyde].
AB  - For several years formaldehyde-gas-underpressure procedures are increasingly used
      for disinfection and sterilization of medical thermolabile instruments. In many
      places, however, uncertainty and sceptism, if these methods are sufficient in the
      medical field, are existing. This is understandable, since no generally test
      instructions are available. The principal suitability of gaseous formaldehyde for
      disinfection and sterilization, however, had been demonstrated by several
      investigators. Precondition for reliable efficacy during routine use is an
      apparatus which is equipped with feed-back techniques and which guarantees the
      bactericidal and fungicidal activity required for medical use. Decontamination
      procedures on the basis of gaseous formaldehyde under normal conditions of
      temperature and pressure must be regarded as unsafe. St. faecalis and the spores
      of B. stearothermophilus showed the highest formaldehyde resistance within the
      group of common biological testorganisms. In order to test the efficacy of
      corresponding procedures testorganisms have to be placed into testdevices with
      small lumina. The penetration of these devices to formaldehyde and vapour should
      be similar to that of the longest instruments with the smallest lumina, which are
      intended to be decontaminated by the testprocedure.

PMID- 6442507
TI  - Inhibition of Neisseria meningitidis by alpha-amylase.
AB  - alpha-Amylase inhibits growth not only of N. gonorrhoeae and Legionella
      pneumophila as obtained in literature (2), but also of N. meningitidis and
      certain isolates of different bacterial species. Therefore, tests for
      differentiation of gonococci from other species based upon sensitivity to alpha
      amylase are of questionable value.

PMID- 6442508
TI  - Role of haemolysin and temperature in the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes
      in fertile hens' eggs.
AB  - The haemolysin produced by Listeria monocytogenes at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C
      was examined in fertile hens' eggs. Organisms, cell free extracts and purified
      haemolysin derived from broth cultures grown at the lower temperature were more
      pathogenic for chick embryos, induced higher mortality with toxic changes in the
      embryos. These effects were most pronounced with the purified haemolysin as shown
      by LD50 determinations and following inoculation of constant haemolytic doses.
      Pathological changes induced by the haemolysin included sub-cutaneous haemorrhage
      due to endothelial damage, hepatosplenomegaly with macroscopic and histological
      lesions in heart, spleen and liver in the absence of an inflammatory response. At
      the cellular level, the myocardial tissue, and hepatocyte structure were
      destroyed with intravascular haemolysis, fatty degeneration of mitochondria,
      dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and distortion of liver cell nuclear membranes
      evident. The mortality and morphological data showed an increase in virulence for
      Listeria after culture at 4 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C and suggested a
      more cytotoxic component of the haemolysin which was activated at lower
      temperatures.

PMID- 6442509
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of Fusobacterium necrophorum
      hemagglutinin.
AB  - Hemagglutinin (HAin) of Fusobacterium necrophorum was separated from the
      bacterial cells by trypsinization-sonication, and purified by the gel filtration
      on Sephadex G-100 column. The final product obtained from gel filtration gave one
      precipitin line in the immunodiffusion gel and produced a single band in
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the HAin was
      estimated to be about 19000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. It was heat labile and comparatively rich in alanine, glutamine
      and histidine. Electron microscopy observation revealed that the HAin was a
      filamentous rod with 0.5-1.0 nm width or frequently showed a cluster form. The
      hemagglutinability was inhibited by addition of albumins but not by sugars and
      lipopolysaccharide. Anti HAin rabbit serum inhibited hemagglutination.

PMID- 6442511
TI  - Tissue pO2 and pCO2 in the gastrointestinal tract and liver during intravenous
      vasopressin infusion. An experimental study in pigs.
AB  - Tissue pO2 and pCO2 were measured in the oesophagus, stomach, small and large
      bowel and liver of piglets before, during and after a 30-min infusion of
      vasopressin (2.75 mU/kg/min). For registration of the tissue gas tensions a
      silicone elastomer tube was used as a tonometer. Systemic arterial and portal
      blood gas analyses were performed. Plasma lactate was estimated. Cardiac output
      and portal vein and hepatic artery blood flow were registered. Vasopressin
      infusion caused significant fall in the tissue pO2 and increase in the pCO2
      throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The liver pO2 also decreased, but no
      change in the liver pCO2 was found. Serum lactic acid increased. There seems to
      be risk of hypoxic lesion in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract during
      vasopressin infusion.

PMID- 6442510
TI  - Investigation on extracellular slime substance produced by Staphylococcus
      epidermidis.
AB  - The extracellular slime substance produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis was
      investigated. Slime production was assessed by bacterial agglutination in the
      presence of concanavalin A (Con A) or poly-L-lysine and by bacterial adherence to
      polyethylene. Media for slime production was optimized using these criteria. A
      phenol-saline extract of crude slime was separated into four fractions on a DEAE
      sepharose column. Total protein and sugar content and the monosaccharide
      constituents were determined. Crude slime and the phenol-saline extract showed a
      strong precipitation reaction with Con A and poly-L-lysine (double diffusion).
      Fractions I and II containing mannose as the most abundant sugar reacted with Con
      A and two other mannose-specific lectins (Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum). This
      reaction could be inhibited by mannose. Fractions III and IV were precipitated by
      poly-L-lysine, probably due to a reaction with glucuronic acid which was only
      present in these fractions. Precoating of polyethylene with crude slime, phenol
      saline extract and fractions III and IV resulted in a marked inhibition of
      attachment of staphylococcal cells. Production of the extracellular slime
      substance was completely inhibited by subinhibitory concentrations of the
      glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, whereas penicillin had no influence.
      Extracellular slime substance produced by S. epidermidis seems to be a complex of
      glycoconjugate character and plays an important role in the attachment to
      synthetic polymers. The production of slime by staphylococci can be easily
      determined using mannose specific lectins and poly-L-lysine.

PMID- 6442512
TI  - [Immune-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis in pure red cell aplasia].

PMID- 6442513
TI  - [Tetrameric Bence Jones protein--case report and review of the literature].

PMID- 6442514
TI  - Platelet function and its disorders--some aspects from the arachidonic acid
      metabolism.

PMID- 6442515
TI  - Molecular properties of mouse interferon-gamma.

PMID- 6442516
TI  - Interleukin 3 (IL3): a hematopoiesis-regulating lymphokine.

PMID- 6442517
TI  - Variants of hemophilia A.

PMID- 6442518
TI  - A new variant of von Willebrand's disease (type IID).

PMID- 6442519
TI  - T-subset abnormalities in thalassaemia intermedia: possible evidence for a thymus
      functional deficiency.
AB  - Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets, evaluated by means of a series of
      monoclonal antibodies, were assessed in 14 patients affected by thalassaemia
      intermedia, 7 of them previously splenectomized. A significant reduction of T+4
      cells ('helper' T cells) was found in almost all patients, whereas T+8 cells
      ('suppressor/cytotoxic') showed a marked increase only in splenectomized
      subjects. Together with these quantitative T-subset abnormalities, which seemed
      to be partly affected by either splenectomy or high serum iron levels, an unusual
      circulating T-cell subpopulation labelled by T6 monoclonal antibody was detected
      in all patients. Complete disappearance of T+6 cells ('thymocyte-like' T
      lymphocytes) and normalization of the T4/T8 ratio was observed after 'in vitro'
      incubation of patient's lymphocytes with a crude thymus extract (Thymostimulin).
      This would suggest the presence of a so far unreported thymus-dependent defect of
      T-lymphocyte phenotypic maturation occurring in thalassaemia intermedia.

PMID- 6442521
TI  - Function of peripheral blood and bone-marrow monocytes in preleukemic patients:
      normal phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans.
AB  - Studies were performed to evaluate the function of peripheral blood and bone
      marrow monocytes from 15 patients with preleukemia and 16 healthy controls. The
      patients were grouped according to the criteria of the FAB collaborative group.
      No abnormality in phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans by peripheral
      blood and bone marrow monocytes was found in patients compared to normal
      controls. Normal opsonization by autologous serum was found. No differences were
      found in this respect between the three groups of patients.

PMID- 6442520
TI  - Surface expression of human myeloma cells: an analysis using a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Neoplastic cells of 18 patients with multiple myeloma were studied using a panel
      of 6 monoclonal antibodies to B cells and monospecific antisera against the light
      chain types of immunoglobulin. OKT10 bound to the myeloma cells of all the
      patients, although only a small percentage of the cells reacted in 3 instances.
      Monoclonal sIg was present in 5 patients. HLA-DR antigen detected with OKIa-1 was
      found in 5 patients. B1 bound to a small percentage of the myeloma cells only in
      2 patients who had received treatment. The B1+ cells were always sIg+. In 3
      patients, BA-2 reacted with the myeloma cells. BA-1 and BA-3 invariably did not
      react with the cells. Myeloma cells with B cell markers were found more
      frequently in treated patients than in untreated patients. The RPMI8226 line was
      also studied and found to react with OKT10 and BA-2. The results of this study
      show the presence of phenotypic variety in myeloma cells.

PMID- 6442523
TI  - Blood granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell concentrations and differentiation
      in vitro in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - Blood granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and myeloid
      differentiation were studied in 16 patients with hepatic cirrhosis by culturing
      blood mononuclear cells in semisolid and in liquid medium. The numbers of CFU-GM
      from normal and cirrhotic subjects were not significantly different, even when
      increased numbers of monocyte-macrophagic colonies and decreased numbers of
      granulocytic colonies were observed in cirrhotic patients. Significantly reduced
      granulocytic growth and increased monocyte-macrophagic cell growth were found in
      liquid culture of cirrhotic patients. These data seem to indicate that in hepatic
      cirrhosis, besides granulocyte sequestration within the spleen, there is a
      disorder of granulocytic versus monocyte-macrophagic differentiation.

PMID- 6442522
TI  - Glucose metabolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated
      according to two different L-asparaginase schedules.
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 47 children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated according to 2 consecutive protocols.
      Glucose and insulin values were assessed before and after L-asparaginase (L-asp).
      30 children (group A) received L-asp as a single-agent consolidation course,
      after achieving remission with vincristine (VCR) and prednisone (PDN). Normal
      insulin and glucose levels were found in all patients before L-asp; 4 children
      (13%) had a transient impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after completing L-asp
      therapy. 17 children (group B) were given L-asp during induction therapy with VCR
      and PDN, and all achieved complete remission. 5 patients (23%) had IGT, without
      hypoinsulinemia, before L-asp administration. IGT normalized in 4 patients after
      L-asp, the other children developed a diabetes mellitus. Only 1 patient, with a
      normal IGT test before L-asp therapy, showed a transient IGT after L-asp. In
      patients with ALL, the presence of IGT before treatment may be related to
      leukemia. The concomitant use of steroids does not influence the incidence of IGT
      in our series. Our data reveal normal insulinemia in patients with IGT. Thus, the
      leukemic process itself may play a much more significant role in inducing
      abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 6442524
TI  - Involvement of contractile protein in hypotonic expansion of macrophages.
AB  - The volume measurement of macrophages from rabbit lungs was carried out using an
      automatic computerized cell counter. The size of freshly prepared macrophages was
      669 +/- 62 fl at 4 degrees C. The cell volume increased gradually when the cells
      were suspended in an isotonic saline solution. Cytochalasin B initially enhanced
      the increase in cell volume but then caused a reduction. The reduction was
      considered to be due to structural changes in filament network of contractile
      proteins. Under hypotonic conditions, cytochalasin B-treated cells showed
      increased osmotic fragility and reduced expansibility. The increased fragility
      was considered to result from impairment of the network structure. These findings
      of the effect of cytochalasin B on the volume change suggest that contractile
      proteins play a protective role in the membrane against hypotonic expansion.

PMID- 6442525
TI  - ICSH/ICTH recommendations for reporting prothrombin time in oral anticoagulant
      control.

PMID- 6442527
TI  - [Experimental study of the pathomorphological changes of the ovary associated
      with exogenous gonadotropin administration].

PMID- 6442526
TI  - Effects of lithium carbonate on leukocyte functions in chronic benign
      neutropenia.
AB  - The effects of lithium carbonate on leukocyte functions in a case of chronic
      benign neutropenia are presented. Lithium was able to induce leukocytosis and to
      bring about increases in chemotaxis, marrow granulocyte reserve test and
      phagocytosis. After lithium interruption, leukocyte functions returned to initial
      values. Some hypotheses are advanced to account for lithium action.

PMID- 6442528
TI  - Accuracy limitations and technical pitfalls in clinical use of mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6442529
TI  - Integrated monitoring of closed and low flow anesthesia circuits.
AB  - Lowering of the fresh gas flow in a rebreathing anesthesia circuit is associated
      with certain risks, which may be diminished by increased familiarity of the
      circuit and it's behaviour. Such experience can be achieved through purposeful
      monitoring of the circuit and the patient. This paper will deal with clinically
      practical monitoring methods and their integration into a common time axis.

PMID- 6442530
TI  - [Efficacy of tomographic studies in chronic otitis media].

PMID- 6442531
TI  - Study of the damaging effects of acetazolamide on gastric mucosa in rats.
AB  - The present study demonstrated that acetazolamide (100 and 200 mg/kg, s.c.)
      induced severe gastric hemorrhagic ulceration in rats. The ulceration was
      aggravated by oral administration of HCl, but was inhibited by NaHCO3.
      Furthermore, the severity of ulceration was also decreased by pretreatment with
      methysergide, chlorpheniramine, or cimetidine. These protective effects were
      accompanied by an increase in serotonin and histamine released from the stomach.
      Acetazolamide injection also increased the protein level but reduced the sialic
      acid content in the gastric secretion, indicating that the gastric mucosal
      barrier may have been damaged. Prostaglandin E2 content of the gastric mucosa was
      not affected by the drug; however, carbonic anhydrase activity was markedly
      reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, it is suggested that the ulceration
      induced by acetazolamide is mainly due to the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
      activity and mucus secretion. The increase in serotonin and histamine release
      also may have been the contributing factors for gastric ulcer formation.

PMID- 6442532
TI  - Might the cell damaging effect of alcohol be prevented by redox agents?
AB  - It was found that alcohol caused pathological and irreversible decrements of the
      redox-state potential (redosis) in the pancreas and the liver. On giving reducing
      agents, a compensatory oxidosis developed, and this could prevent the cell
      damaging effect of alcohol. This effect was most marked in the reversible phase,
      while it could be effective also in the irreversible phase. By measuring the
      redox buffer capacity in the tissues it is possible to determine the measure of
      reversibility of the injury caused by alcohol.

PMID- 6442533
TI  - Reduction of fading of fluorescent reaction product for microphotometric
      quantitation.

PMID- 6442534
TI  - Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 6442535
TI  - New instrumentation facilitates the study of genes coding for molecules involved
      in cell surface recognition.

PMID- 6442536
TI  - The piroplasms: life cycle and sexual stages.

PMID- 6442537
TI  - Cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) modulates the Ca2+ uptake of mitogen-stimulated
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Incubation of murine spleen cells, or enriched T-cell populations, with the T
      cell-dependent polyclonal mitogens Con-A or PHA resulted in a dose-dependent
      increase in 45Ca2+ uptake. This effect was observed after a delay of about 30 to
      60 min, reached a maximum after 2-4 h and lasted up to 6 h. Similarly, the
      calcium ionophore A23187 caused an increased Ca2+ uptake, although this was
      faster, occurring within a few minutes, reaching a maximum at 15 min and lasting
      for about 2-4 h. No change in Ca2+ uptake was observed using a specific B-cell
      mitogen (lipopolysaccharide) or B-cell preparations. Nifedipine, a calcium
      channel-blocking agent, inhibited activation of lymphocytes in a primary immune
      response (mixed lymphocyte reaction and formation of plaque forming cells in
      vitro) but was unable to interfere with proliferating cell lines or a secondary
      immune response. Incubation of Con-A-activated lymphocytes with the
      immunosuppressive agent CS-A caused an additional increase in calcium uptake,
      whereas no change in calcium uptake was observed when resting lymphocytes or B
      cells activated by LPS were incubated with cyclosporin. A similar potentiation of
      Con-A-induced calcium uptake was seen with hydrocortisone, but not with
      cytostatic agents or anti-lymphocyte serum. Submaximal calcium uptake induced by
      the ionophore A23187 was potentiated by CS-A and hydrocortisone as well as by
      cytostatic agents and ALS.

PMID- 6442538
TI  - Influence of the anti-inflammatory serine esterase inhibitor gabexate mesilate
      (Foy) on aggregation, locomotion and adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The effects of the anti-inflammatory serine esterase inhibitor, gabexate mesilate
      (Foy) were studied, on locomotion, autoaggregation and adhesion of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with the complement peptide C5a-desArg.
      The drug inhibited aggregation as well as spontaneous and directed migration of
      human leukocytes at concentrations of about 10(-3) M. Adhesion of peritoneal
      guinea-pig leukocytes to autologous aortic strips was reduced at about 20 times
      lower drug concentrations. The inhibitory drug effects were highly time- and
      temperature-dependent. Experiments with the two major drug metabolites, pHB and
      epsilon GC, indicate that gabexate mesilate is not active by itself but rather by
      its hydrolytic aromatic metabolite pHB. The results further suggest that the
      inhibitory effects on leukocyte activities observed are not related to the anti
      inflammatory effects of gabexate mesilate.

PMID- 6442539
TI  - [Arachidonic acid metabolism in rabbit lens].

PMID- 6442540
TI  - [Immunochemical quantitative study of soluble proteins in the human vitreous].

PMID- 6442541
TI  - [Biological method of calibrating the intensity of a monochromatic brief flash to
      evoke the early receptor potential].

PMID- 6442542
TI  - A survey of cretenism in Bohemia and Moravia. III. Biochemical study.

PMID- 6442543
TI  - [Immunoglobulin concentration in the maternal serum in fetal growth retardation].

PMID- 6442544
TI  - Fractionation of the multiple forms of bovine gastric aspartic proteases by
      chromatofocusing.
AB  - By extending the chromatofocusing technique to a very acidic pH range (down to pH
      2.0) a method which, in a single-step procedure, allows separation of the three
      main aspartic proteases secreted by the bovine abomasal mucosa i.e., chymosin (EC
      3.4.23.4), gastricsin (EC 3.4.23.3), and pepsin A (EC 3.4.23.1), has been
      developed. Starting materials for separation were crude commercial milk-clotting
      extracts or abomasal juices. A multistep procedure, using narrower pH gradients,
      enabled the fractionation of these proteases into their multiple forms. Chymosins
      A and B, which are known to differ only by a single amino acid substitution
      (Asp/Gly), were completely resolved. Their elution pHs, 3.75 and 3.80,
      respectively, though far from their "normal" pIs (around 4.7 in isoelectric
      focusing), demonstrate the resolving power of such a technique. Multiple forms of
      bovine pepsin A, which differ in their organic phosphate content (0-3 phosphate
      group(s) per molecule of enzyme) and whose pIs are lower than 2.5, were also
      separated using 15-20 mM glycine buffer, pH 2.0, as eluent. Although many
      attempts to get a linear gradient remained unsuccessful within this pH range,
      resolution appeared quite satisfactory, as judged from analytical isoelectric
      focusing patterns. In particular, the two subcomponents of bpA1, which presumably
      have a different site of post-translational phosphorylation, were resolved in
      this way.

PMID- 6442545
TI  - Complete purification of arginyl-tRNA:protein arginyltransferase from hog kidney
      and production of its antibody.
AB  - Arginyltransferase was purified 60,000-fold from the 105,000g supernatant of hog
      kidney by fractionation with ammonium sulfate, precipitation at pH 5.2, and
      chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite, as well as affinity
      chromatographies on heparin-Sepharose and angiotensin II-Sepharose. Purified
      transferase had a specific activity of 7.6 mumol/min/mg, which was 66 times
      higher than that attained thus far (R. L. Soffer, 1970, J. Biol. Chem. 245, 731
      737). Electrophoresis of purified transferase on polyacrylamide gel showed a
      single band which corresponded to the region of activity in homogenized slices of
      a duplicate gel. The homogeneity was also observed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, where only a single
      band of Mr 35,000 was observed, even after staining by the silver method (B. R.
      Oakley, D. R. Kirsch, and N. R. Morris, 1980, Anal. Biochem. 105, 361-363).
      Antibody to the purified transferase was prepared in a rabbit. The antibody
      inhibited arginyltransferase activity, and showed a single precipitin line by
      double immunodiffusion with crude transferase preparation.

PMID- 6442546
TI  - Evaluation of commercially available radioimmunoassays for the determination of
      luteinizing hormone in serum and urine. Application for the detection of
      endogenous rise of luteinizing hormone in a in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - Three commercially available RIA kits for serum and urinary LH were assessed for
      their usefulness to detect endogenous LH rise in patients receiving ovarian
      stimulation as part of an in vitro fertilization treatment for infertility.
      Prerequisites included a turn-around time of 5 hours for an assay of 100 tubes.
      The following parameters were evaluated: reproducibility of standard curve,
      sensitivity, precision profile, within- and between-assay precision, analytical
      drift, recovery and linearity. The Amerlex LH RIA kit was selected because of
      superior precision profiles, higher precision and better recovery tests.

PMID- 6442547
TI  - [Determination of theophylline, phenobarbital and valproic acid by
      chromatographic and immunologic technics. Comparison of methods].
AB  - Theophylline, phenobarbitol, and valproic acid serum levels were measured from
      plasma samples using chromatographic (HPLC and GC) and by immunologic techniques
      using enzyme kinetics (EMIT) or fluorescence polarization (FPIA). Results of
      these various methods differ when examined by more stringent statistical
      analysis. These differences do not appear to be clinically important except
      possibly for valproic acid the case in employing immunologic methods as well as
      their rapidity render these techniques particularly useful for therapeutic
      surveillance.

PMID- 6442548
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of 139 strains of Listeria serotyped by the National
      Reference Center in 1983].
AB  - The susceptibility of 139 strains of Listeria towards eight antibiotics-
      penicillin, ampicillin, cephalotin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline,
      erythromycin and pefloxacin--was studied. All strains were susceptible to all
      antibiotics except pefloxacin. The lowest MIC (less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l)
      were obtained with penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin and erythromycin. For
      tetracycline, cephalotin and chloramphenicol, MIC ranged from 0.5 to 16 mg/l. The
      MIC of pefloxacin varied from 4 to 16 mg/l.

PMID- 6442549
TI  - [Continuous-flow enteral nutrition of children: technic, practical application
      and indications].

PMID- 6442550
TI  - [The effect of ticlopidine and lysine acetylsalicylate on fibrinolytic activity
      of the arterial wall in experimental atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6442551
TI  - Precipitates found around Schistosoma haematobium eggs from human urine prior to
      circumoval precipitin test.
AB  - Schistosoma haematobium eggs were recovered in urine from schoolchildren in
      Mwachinga Village, Kwale District, Kenya. The surface of the eggs showed a
      pattern similar to that observed in a circumoval precipitin (COP) test. Observed
      precipitates were removed by treatment of the eggs with pepsin, but were not
      affected by trypsin. Similar precipitates occurred after incubating the pepsin
      treated eggs with urine supernatants from the same children. Attempts were made
      to identify the components that might contribute to observed bleb (precipitate)
      formation. The fluorescent antibody test revealed both IgG and IgM in the
      precipitate, while urine examination by immunodiffusion revealed IgG, IgM, IgA
      and C3. These components probably participated in the bleb formation. This
      possibility seemed more likely because of the presence of anti-egg antibodies in
      the immunoglobulins identified in the urine, and agrees well with the expected
      activity of pepsin on these immunoglobulins. These results, therefore, suggest
      that S. haematobium eggs recovered in urine contain precipitates formed mainly by
      immunoglobulins; it is necessary to treat such eggs with pepsin before carrying
      out a COP test. The relevance of these findings to the immunodiagnosis of
      Schistosomiasis haematobium in man is discussed.

PMID- 6442552
TI  - [Thermal inactivation of the enzymes polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in Swiss
      chard (Beta vulgaris, cicla)].
AB  - The freezing of Swiss chard has just started in Argentina. The blanching stage is
      fundamentally important to avoid damage of sensorial and nutritional properties
      during storage. If the process is not properly carried out, darkening can
      seriously affect the product. In this research work the thermal inactivation of
      polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes has been studied, in water at 80, 90 and
      96 degrees C, as well as the polyphenoloxidase isoenzymes in the spear and leaf
      of the plant and the water-holding capacity after thermal treatment. Blanching
      has to be performed at a temperature higher than 90 degrees C in order to
      inactivate the enzyme polyphenoloxidase at a suitable rate which will avoid the
      formation of the characteristic colored substances.

PMID- 6442553
TI  - [Obtaining flour and protein concentrate from seeds of Melilotus albus. Study of
      the protein quality].
AB  - The present research was carried out to determine the nutritive quality of the
      flour and protein concentrate from Melilotus albus (white clover) seeds. The
      flour was studied first. The protein analysis showed methionine to be the first
      limiting amino acid with a chemical score of 25, with threonine as the second.
      The biological value obtained was 27. Supplementation studies were performed with
      different levels of methionine and it was found that the 0.3% level resulted in
      the best net performance. The biological value obtained under these conditions
      was 60. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was also determined, with a value of
      1.40 after being corrected with respect to casein. The protein was isolated after
      studying the pH optimum solubility and precipitation conditions until the flour
      coumarin compounds were eliminated. Further biological experiments were carried
      out with the supplemented isolated protein. Under these conditions, a PER value
      of 2.4 and a biological value of 69 were obtained. No toxicity was observed in
      rats of both sexes by administration of the protein concentrate during 60 days,
      at least in the parameters studied during this period.

PMID- 6442554
TI  - Plasmids in methanotrophic bacteria: isolation, characterization and DNA
      hybridization analysis.
AB  - Ten strains of obligate methanotrophs were screened for the presence of plasmid
      DNA using a variety of methods. Plasmids were detected in all strains except
      Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. No significant similarity between plasmids was
      observed with respect to size or restriction digest patterns except for three
      strains of Methylosinus trichosporium, which appeared to contain the same three
      plasmids. Nitrocellulose filter hybridization revealed that the plasmid DNA from
      the M. trichosporium strains shared a small region of homology with the plasmid
      DNA from Methylosinus sporium 5. All of the plasmids remain cryptic. As the first
      step in characterization, a restriction digest map of the 55 kb plasmid found in
      Methylomonas albus BG8 was constructed.

PMID- 6442556
TI  - [Comparison of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in various pathological
      forms].

PMID- 6442555
TI  - Dimethylsulphoxide and trimethylamine oxide respiration of Proteus vulgaris.
      Evidence for a common terminal reductase system.
AB  - Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) sustained anaerobic
      growth of Proteus vulgaris with the non-fermentable substrate lactate.
      Cytoplasmic membrane vesicles energized by electron transfer from formate to DMSO
      displayed anaerobic uptake of serine, which was hindered by metabolic inhibitors
      known to destroy the proton motive force. This showed that DMSO reduction was
      coupled with a chemiosmotic mechanism of energy conversion; similar data for TMAO
      respiration have been presented previously. All biochemical tests applied
      indicated that the oxides were reduced by the same reductase system. The DMSO and
      TMAO reductase activities showed the same mobility on ion-exchange
      chromatography, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (pH 8.9), gradient
      gel electrophoresis, and gel isoelectric focusing; mol. wt. and pI determined
      were 95,000 and 4.6, respectively. DMSO inhibited reduction of [14C]TMAO in
      vesicles. The reductase was inducible to a certain extent; both oxides being
      equally efficient as inducers. TMAO was reduced at a higher rate than DMSO,
      explaining faster growth of cells and increased uptake of serine in vesicles with
      TMAO as electron acceptor. Comparative studies with Escherichia coli also gave
      evidence for common TMAO and DMSO reductase systems.

PMID- 6442557
TI  - [Netilmicin in the treatment of respiratory infections].

PMID- 6442558
TI  - [Gas analysis evaluation in pleural fluid].

PMID- 6442559
TI  - Sex differences in the cellular defence system against free radicals from oxygen
      or drug metabolites in rat.
AB  - In this study, it was investigated whether sex-related differences in the
      protective mechanisms against oxygen radicals and free radical metabolites from
      drugs were present in rat liver, heart, and kidney. To that end, superoxide
      dismutase, catalase, the factors of the glutathione system and vitamin E were
      measured. In addition, NADPH-dependent cytochrome c-reductase activity was
      established, as this enzyme is involved in the formation of free radicals in the
      presence of many xenobiotics. The total capacity of the cellular systems that
      detoxify reactive oxygen species or free radical-drug metabolites seems to be
      higher in female liver as compared to male. No differences were found for heart
      and kidney tissue. It is hypothesized that female rats probably are less
      vulnerable for those drugs whose hepatotoxic action is induced by excessive
      formation of free radical species.

PMID- 6442560
TI  - The respiration and energy metabolism of sheep lymphocytes.
AB  - The respiration characteristics and energy metabolism of sheep lymphocytes
      collected from the popliteal lymph before and after antigenic challenge with
      Salmonella organisms have been studied at various O2 tensions. The O2 consumption
      of sheep lymphocytes could be related to the PO2 of the medium by the Michaelis
      Menten equation. In resting lymphocytes, Vmax (mean +/- S.D.) was 1.70 +/- 0.23
      mumoles/h/2 X 10(8) cells), critical O2 concentration [( O2]crit) was 2.00 +/-
      0.20 microM and Km was 0.46 +/- 0.11 microM. Significant changes occurred in the
      respiration characteristics of these cells following antigenic challenge of the
      node. Both Vmax and Km reached maxima when the blast cell response in the lymph
      was at its peak. [O2]crit, however, did not change significantly over an immune
      response. Lymphocytes collected before antigenic challenge had mean rates of
      glucose uptake of 0.97 +/- 0.29 mumoles/h/2 X 10(8) cells and lactate production
      of 1.31 +/- 0.37 mumoles/h/2 X 10(8) cells. During the height of immune responses
      to Salmonella, lymphocytes showed an enhanced glucose uptake, lactate production
      and C-1- and C-6-labelled glucose metabolism. The rates of energy metabolism of
      sheep lymphocytes varied with changes in the PO2 of the gas phase from 21% to 0%
      O2. The rates of glucose uptake and lactate production increased while the rates
      of 14CO2 production from C-1- and C-6-labelled glucose decreased as the PO2
      decreased.

PMID- 6442562
TI  - Diffusing capacity (transfer factor) for carbon monoxide-DLCO (TLCO).

PMID- 6442561
TI  - Exercise testing in the evaluation of diffuse interstitial lung disease.
AB  - The cardio-pulmonary response to incremental and steady-state bicycle exercise
      was measured in a group of 22 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease
      (DILD). In most patients the lung volumes were less than 80% of their predicted
      normal value. In 19 patients the uptake of carbon monoxide was less than 60% of
      the value predicted for the observed lung volume. Maximum working capacity (Wmax)
      was reduced in 20 patients. Eight patients stopped exercising before they
      achieved their predicted maximum heart rate. In all patients ventilation (VE) was
      increased in relation to oxygen consumption. The increase in VE resulted from an
      increased frequency of breathing. Exercise induced a decrease in arterial oxygen
      tension in 11 patients. When 60% oxygen was inspired during exercise the
      endurance time at 80% Wmax increased from 8.0 +/- 5.5 to 13.9 +/- 8.7 min. The
      increase in endurance time related to the extent of desaturation during exercise
      with air breathing. Oxygen breathing did not improve Wmax. We conclude that
      exercise testing in patients with DILD is useful for determining the severity of
      disease and provides additional information in relation to gas exchange.

PMID- 6442563
TI  - Effective oral treatment of severe Paget's disease of bone with APD (3-amino-1
      hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate); a comparison with combined calcitonin +
      EHDP (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate).
AB  - Ten patients with severe Paget's disease of bone and serum alkaline phosphatase
      (sAP) greater than 900 IU/l were treated for six months with the oral
      diphosphonate APD, (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate). By the end
      of the treatment period there was a reduction in the log mean urine
      hydroxyproline (uHP) and the log mean sAP of 92% and 87% respectively. In four
      patients both sAP and uHP fell to within the normal range and remained normal for
      at least six months after therapy was stopped. Bone scintigraphy showed a fall in
      99mTc-MDP uptake in sites of active Paget's disease in all patients and
      histomorphometry showed no increase in osteoid. Repair of radiological osteolytic
      lesions was observed in 6/6 patients and progression of tibial osteolytic wedges
      was arrested in 5/5 patients and reversed in four. This improvement persisted six
      months after completion of therapy but further wedge progression occurred in one
      patient whose urine HP remained elevated. There were no serious effects though
      five patients complained of nausea. The clinical and biochemical responses to APD
      were equivalent to those observed in the same patients during a previous six
      month course of combined therapy with human calcitonin (CT) + EHDP except that
      there was additional biochemical and radiological evidence of bone healing. This
      study confirms PAD as an effective treatment of severe Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 6442564
TI  - Folic acid deficiency in intensive care.

PMID- 6442565
TI  - Management of Hirschsprung's disease. The definitive operation: which, when, why
      and how.
AB  - Analysing the results of 34 infants operated upon from 01.01.77 to 12.31.82, the
      authors advocate primary corrective surgery without colostomy in the first 3
      months of life. Medical treatment is based on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
      and enemas. Surgery using any of the three major techniques (Swenson, Soave and
      Duhamel) is performed after 1 month of oral feeding and maternal care. Results
      with a follow-up ranging up to 6 years showed excellent defaecation control and
      short duration of hospitalization.

PMID- 6442566
TI  - Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis.
AB  - A total of 500 clinically and radiologically positive cases of pulmonary
      tuberculosis were examined microscopically and culturally for the presence of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Out of those, 40 percent were found to be positive by
      ordinary Z.N. stain and 35 per cent by culture. Fluorescent stain proved to be
      more sensitive than ordinary Z.N. stain, where 62.7 per cent was found to be
      positive. All the isolated culture when subjected to different biochemical tests
      for identification of the strains, they all turned out to be Myco. tuberculosis,
      human type.

PMID- 6442567
TI  - Detection, significance, and mechanism of sister chromatid exchange formation:
      past experiments, current concepts, future challenges.

PMID- 6442568
TI  - Cell-stage dependence of the formation of SCEs and chromosomal aberrations.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and homologous chromatid exchanges (chromatid
      exchanges between homologous chromosomes at homologous sites) are similar, not
      only in the type of chromosomal alteration but also in their high yields in Bloom
      syndrome cells or in cells treated with mitomycin C (MMC). However, the
      similarity between SCEs and homologous exchanges seems superficial as evidenced
      by the present experiments. In human lymphocytes, when caffeine was added during
      the S phase under conditions of concurrent exposure to MMC, both SCEs and
      homologous exchanges increased. However, when caffeine was added during the G2
      phase, the frequency of SCEs remained unaffected whereas the frequency of
      homologous and nonhomologous chromatid exchanges decreased and that of other
      types of chromatid aberrations increased. We conclude that the process of
      formation of SCEs is, at least partly, different from that of chromatid exchanges
      or other types of chromatid aberrations, the former presumably occurring during
      the S phase and the latter during the G2 phase.

PMID- 6442569
TI  - The mechanism of 3-aminobenzamide-mediated increases in spontaneous and induced
      SCEs.
AB  - Cells exposed to the poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide
      (3AMB), have increased levels of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). In addition,
      cells exposed to certain monofunctional alkylating agents in combination with
      3AMB have frequencies of SCEs much greater than expected if the 2 agents acted
      independently. Because poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase is stimulated by the
      production of DNA strand breaks, and 3AMB is said to inhibit strand-break
      rejoining, we determined the relationship between DNA strand breakage and SCE
      formation. Alkylating agents and the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)
      into DNA led to the production of DNA strand breaks and the most potent SCE
      inducing agents were also the most efficient DNA strand-breaking agents. In
      increasing SCE frequency, 3AMB interacted most strongly with those agents that
      produced the greatest number of DNA strand breaks. 3AMB also increased the
      frequency of strand breaks by delaying strand-break rejoining and introducing new
      strand breaks. The protease inhibitor, antipain, inhibited the formation of 3AMB
      induced strand breaks in BrdUrd-containing cells and reduced by half the 3AMB
      mediated increase in SCE frequency, suggesting that one mechanism for SCE
      induction involves the introduction of breaks into DNA possibly in response to
      changes in chromatin structure. We conclude that the primary lesion responsible
      for SCE induction after exposure to alkylating agents or incorporation of BrdUrd
      into DNA is either a DNA strand break or a lesion that can result in a strand
      break. 3AMB increases SCE frequency in combination with these agents by
      introducing new breaks and possibly delaying strand-break rejoining.

PMID- 6442570
TI  - Potentiation of induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromatid-type aberrations
      by inhibitors of DNA synthesis and repair in G2.

PMID- 6442571
TI  - The action of anticlastogens on chemically induced SCE.

PMID- 6442572
TI  - A statistical analysis of Neanthes arenaceodentata, sister chromatid exchange
      data.
AB  - This paper presents a statistical evaluation of the sister chromatid exchange
      (SCE) assay using Neanthes arenaceodentata. Specific issues discussed are
      distribution of baseline SCE frequencies, transformations of SCE data,
      statistical sensitivity of the assay, repeatability of test results, and sources
      of variability of SCE data. Probabilities of false positives and false negatives
      are considered and recommendations are made for appropriate transformation of
      data, experimental design, and test conditions.

PMID- 6442573
TI  - Induction of DNA lesions, chromosomal aberrations, and G2 delay by bromo- and
      chlorodeoxyuridine.
AB  - The presence of lesions in DNA of CHO cells, substituted with BrdUrd or CldUrd,
      has been investigated in a direct way by alkaline sucrose gradient and nucleoid
      sedimentation analysis and indirectly by screening for induced CAs. The influence
      of inhibitors of DNA repair (Caff and 3AMB) or DNA synthesis (HU) on the
      frequencies of such aberrations has been estimated. No randomly located DNA
      breaks could be detected under neutral conditions, but BrdUrd-substituted DNA was
      found to contain numerous alkali labile sites. At high concentrations, CldUrd
      causes G2 delay, similar to the action of known DNA-damaging agents. The extent
      of delay depends on the pattern of incorporation of the analog, i.e.,
      incorporation for 2 cell cycles causes the longest delay, growth for 12 hr in
      CldUrd followed by 12 hr in dThd- containing medium gives less delay, and delay
      is not significant when the cells are incubated in the analog for only 12 hr
      prior to fixation. Numerous chromatid-type aberrations are present in cells
      incubated at the highest CldUrd concentration and their induction follows the
      pattern of induction of G2 delay, indicating the involvement of a common lesion.
      3AMB, and HU increase the number of CAs when added 2 hr before fixation. The
      significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 6442574
TI  - [Initial experience with diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee joint under local
      anesthesia in a gaseous medium].

PMID- 6442575
TI  - Nimodipine and the cerebral circulation.

PMID- 6442576
TI  - Metabolites of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6442577
TI  - Distribution of thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase, insulin-glucagon
      proteinase and cathepsin D in different cell types of the rat liver.
AB  - Cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5), the insulin and glucagon degrading proteinase (IGP, EC
      3.4.22.-) and the thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase (TPO, EC 1.8.4.2,
      5.3.4.1) participate in the intracellular protein degradation, the last one also
      in post-protein-synthetic processing. The distribution of these enzymes was
      determined in isolated liver parenchymal cells, Kupffer cells and endothelial
      cells by means of immunochemical methods in order to further characterize these
      cell types. The cathepsin D content, expressed as microgram enzyme per mg
      protein, is about 3 fold higher in endothelial cells and about 5 to 24 fold
      higher in Kupffer cells than in parenchymal cells. This result confirms an
      earlier report which is based on the activity determination. The TPO
      concentration is highest in parenchymal cells with half of that concentration in
      Kupffer cells and one third in endothelial cells. About 0.5% of the total liver
      protein is represented by this enzyme. The IGP has been found to be totally
      absent in non-parenchymal cells. It represents, therefore, together with the
      glucose-6-phosphatase a valuable marker enzyme for parenchymal cells of rat
      liver.

PMID- 6442578
TI  - Nootropic drugs reduce immobility in behavioural despair test in mice.
AB  - The effect of different nootropic drugs (piracetam, pyritinol, meclofenoxate,
      methylglucamine orotate, dihydroergotoxine, nicergoline, vinpocetine) on the
      duration of immobility in the behavioural despair test in mice was studied. All
      tested nootropics exhibited a dose-related reduction in immobility. In connection
      with the discussed role of monoaminergic processes in the state of immobility our
      data support the possible participation of central monoaminergic systems in the
      mechanisms of action of nootropic drugs.

PMID- 6442579
TI  - Changes of dopamine metabolism by hypoxia and effect of nootropic drugs.
AB  - An 18 h lasting moderate hypoxia equivalent to 7000 m altitude rises DOPAC level
      in the caudate nucleus and the mesolimbic area of the rat to about 130%. This
      elevation is counteracted by a singular high dose of nootropics of the "energy
      mobilizer" type, but not by vasoactive ones.

PMID- 6442580
TI  - On the pharmacology of the ergot alkaloid elymoclavine.
AB  - Pharmacological investigations of the ergot alkaloid of the group of clavines,
      elymoclavine, isolated from Claviceps sp. cp. II showed the following results:
      The LD50 for mice for 24 h was 350 (228-535) mg/kg and for rats 145 (81-258)
      mg/kg. Elymoclavine induced a dose-dependent stereotypy (doses of 2 to 10 mg/kg)
      in rats and mice which was antagonized by haloperidol and pimozide. It prevented
      the development of haloperidol catalepsy in rats and produced rotations
      contralateral to the striatal lesions with 6-OHDA which were antagonized by
      pimozide and partly by cyproheptadine. Elymoclavine, like bromocriptine,
      decreased the plasma level of prolactin. Furthermore, elymoclavine increased the
      exploratory activity of rats in open field; this effect was antagonized by
      haloperidol and was essentially influenced by many substances acting on different
      transmitter systems (NA, DA, GABA). Elymoclavine inhibited the picrotoxin and
      electroshock convulsive seizures but potentiated the pentylenetetrazol ones in
      mice as these effects were differently influenced by pimozide, haloperidol, 5
      HTP, atropine and phentolamine. 100 and 250 micrograms/kg of elymoclavine
      produced a considerable and persisting decrease of the blood pressure in
      anaesthetized cats. At 1 X 10(-6) M, without producing any per se effect,
      elyoclavine decreased the contractile effects of acetylcholine, nicotine, BaCl2
      and PGE1 as well as the field electrical stimulation-induced contractions in an
      isolated segment from guinea-pig ileum. The observed effects of elymoclavine are
      mainly due to its dopaminergic agonist action. It seems, however, that influences
      on other transmitter receptors also underlie the mechanism of action of this
      ergot alkaloid.

PMID- 6442581
TI  - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on glutathione consumption and hexose
      monophosphate shunt during arachidonic acid induced stimulation of human blood
      platelets.
AB  - Aggregation of human blood platelets by exogenous arachidonic acid is accompanied
      by a powerful increase in the net flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt and
      a decrease of the level of reduced glutathione. When platelet cyclooxygenase is
      inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid diminution by about 60% of arachidonic acid
      induced flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt as well as lower initial
      decrease of the glutathione level are found. Investigations with other
      glutathione oxidizing agents as diamide or tertiary butyl hydroperoxide reveal
      that acetylsalicylic acid influences neither the activities of glutathione
      providing enzymes nor that of glutathione peroxidase which catalyzes glutathione
      consuming reactions in the arachidonic acid metabolism. Together with literature
      data the results point to a consumption of reduced coenzymes in both
      cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in platelets.

PMID- 6442582
TI  - Immunochemical characterisation of cryoglobulins.

PMID- 6442583
TI  - Evaluation of complement (C3) inhibition in vitro by drugs used in the management
      of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 6442584
TI  - Looking at the meaning of DRGs.

PMID- 6442585
TI  - [Studies on the quality of enzyme preparation (VI) beta-galactosidase
      preparation].

PMID- 6442586
TI  - [Preliminary study of the diagnosis of early-stage oral cancer by the
      hematoporphyrin derivative-fluorescence technic].

PMID- 6442588
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of the gingival wall of periodontal pockets in
      patients with advanced periodontitis].

PMID- 6442587
TI  - [Determination and analysis of lysozyme and IgA in dental plaque and saliva and
      IgG in saliva of patients with dental caries and gingivitis].

PMID- 6442589
TI  - [Production and clinical application of the XZY-1 model computer-assisted ECG
      automatic diagnosis system].

PMID- 6442590
TI  - [Circulating parathyroid hormone levels and factors affecting these levels in
      normal individuals].

PMID- 6442591
TI  - [Effect of nutrition on the composition of the breast milk in lactating mothers].

PMID- 6442592
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of hypokalemia during and after intracardiac surgery
      under extracorporeal circulation. III. Administration of a predetermined amount
      of potassium for supplement during perfusion].

PMID- 6442593
TI  - [Effect of epidural block on hepatic blood flow and hepatic function in the dog].

PMID- 6442594
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic portography to predict the resectability of pancreato
      ampullar carcinoma].

PMID- 6442595
TI  - [Biochemical determination of glycosylated plasma protein and its preliminary
      clinical application].

PMID- 6442596
TI  - [Clinical standards of intrauterine fetal growth--measurement of the uterine
      height, girth and weight of the pregnant woman].

PMID- 6442597
TI  - [Effect of external environmental factors on the hematopoietic and proliferative
      activities of human fetal liver cells].

PMID- 6442598
TI  - [Treatment of bilateral coronal synostosis--report of 4 cases].

PMID- 6442599
TI  - [Vascular ligation by fenestration during resection of mandibular central
      angiomas].

PMID- 6442600
TI  - [Skin flaps from the nasal dorsum-sulcus in the repair of partial nasal defects].

PMID- 6442601
TI  - [Advances in amebiasis research].

PMID- 6442602
TI  - [Experimental and electron microscopic observations on griseofulvin-resistant
      fungi of tinea favosa].

PMID- 6442603
TI  - [Air-borne mold in the low altitudes of Changzhou and on the antigenicity of
      predominant molds].

PMID- 6442604
TI  - [Isolation, culture and test of the toxicity of toxigenic fungi from mildewed
      sugarcane].

PMID- 6442605
TI  - [Severe hepatitis complicated by disseminated aspergillosis resulting from large
      dose hormone therapy].

PMID- 6442606
TI  - [Reversible left anterior bundle-branch block caused by acute myocardial
      ischemia].

PMID- 6442607
TI  - [Scanning electron-microscopy study of the rapidly adhering cells of amniotic
      fluid from a fetus with open neural tube defects].

PMID- 6442608
TI  - [Experience in the treatment of 255 cases of external intestinal fistula].

PMID- 6442609
TI  - [Clinical observations on 107 cases of acute bacillary dysentery treated with
      Chaenomeles lagenanid (Loisel) Kaidz].

PMID- 6442610
TI  - [Karyotype analysis in 44 cases of abnormal chromosome].

PMID- 6442611
TI  - [Application of YH-1B model apparatus for measuring tissue fluid pressure].

PMID- 6442612
TI  - [Peptic ulcer and systemic diseases].

PMID- 6442613
TI  - [Advances in the research on acute alveolo-microvascular barrier injury].

PMID- 6442614
TI  - [Advances in microsurgery].

PMID- 6442615
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia--its relation to galactorrhea, amenorrhea, pituitary tumor
      and its management].

PMID- 6442616
TI  - [Changes in the patterns of the nail-fold microvascular blood flow in normal
      adults].

PMID- 6442617
TI  - [715 cases of primary cutaneous amyloidosis].

PMID- 6442618
TI  - [Morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical changes in rectal cancer after
      intrarectal fluorouracil therapy].

PMID- 6442619
TI  - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome--report of 11 cases (including 1 with colonic polyp and
      infiltrative adenoma)].

PMID- 6442620
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of zinc sulfate in 116 cases of anorexia in children].

PMID- 6442621
TI  - [Use of the colonic microscope in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonicum].

PMID- 6442622
TI  - [Postsplenectomy sepsis].

PMID- 6442623
TI  - [Etiology and serology of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever].

PMID- 6442624
TI  - Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil as second choice treatment in advanced breast
      cancer patients.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with advanced breast cancer, (12 previously treated with
      adriamycin-containing regimens, 14 not exposed to adriamycin because of poor
      cardiac performance), were treated with combination chemotherapy including
      mitomycin C plus 5-fluorouracil. Objective response was seen in 7/66 patients
      (26.9%) with a statistically higher response rate in patients with fewer than 2
      metastatic sites. Because of mild toxicity this regimen can be safely used as
      second-line chemotherapy for heavily pretreated patients and as first-line
      treatment in patients with poor cardiac performance.

PMID- 6442625
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of aztreonam, other beta-lactam antibiotics and
      aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Aztreonam, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefsulodin, cefoperazone,
      piperacillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin,
      sisomicin and dibekacin were tested by broth dilution against 161 isolates of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seventy-one of these strains were selected for their
      resistance to carbenicillin and aminoglycosides and classified as "multiply
      resistant" strains. Over all, aztreonam showed the greatest antipseudomonal
      activity by far, followed by ceftriaxone, moxalactam, cefotaxime and amikacin.
      Piperacillin, azlocillin, cefsulodin, and cefoperazone were highly active against
      carbenicillin and/or aminoglycoside-susceptible P. aeruginosa strains, but were
      also poorly inhibitory against multiply resistant isolates.

PMID- 6442626
TI  - Antibiotic administration and oral bacterial therapy in infants.
AB  - Feces samples of 35 children, aged between 3 and 24 months (mean age 12 months),
      were analyzed. Sixteen children who had no therapy were considered as "control
      samples"; an antibiotic therapy was administered to 8 subjects for at least 5
      days for extraintestinal pathology (ampicillin, orally, at a dose of 100
      mg/kg/die in three doses). Finally, the same antibiotic therapy with the
      addition, from the beginning over 5 days, of the oral preparation of Bacillus
      subtilis spores (4 X 10(9) die) was administered to 11 patients. During
      antibiotic therapy, the number of stools per day increased, but not for those
      patients taking B. subtilis spores. Regarding the bacterial flora, the subjects
      treated with antibiotic therapy alone showed a significant decrease of all
      aerobic species, except for fungi, anaerobic total count and aerobic cocci. After
      oral bacteriotherapy together with ampicillin, we observed an increase of
      saccharolytic flora, aerobic and anaerobic, while proteolytic flora did not show
      any changes.

PMID- 6442627
TI  - Formation and hydrolysis of enamine in aqueous solution.

PMID- 6442628
TI  - [Combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in the nursing of 314 patients
      with tetanus].

PMID- 6442629
TI  - Effect of intracerebroventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) on the
      angiotensinogen concentration of the brain.

PMID- 6442630
TI  - Enkephalins in the heart.

PMID- 6442631
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of TRH i.c.v. in conscious rats.

PMID- 6442632
TI  - Cardiovascular actions of four neuropeptides in the rat hypothalamus.

PMID- 6442633
TI  - Vascular endothelial cell injury in progressive systemic sclerosis and other
      connective tissue diseases.
AB  - The growth inhibition of in vitro vascular endothelial cell cultures by sera from
      patients with connective tissue diseases was studied. Seven out of 30 sera from
      patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) exhibited a cytotoxic effect.
      The cytotoxic serum factor(s) was not specific to patients with PSS, it was also
      demonstrated in sera from patients with other connective tissue diseases with
      vascular symptoms (11 out of 27 sera from patients with a mixed connective tissue
      disease, MCTD; 5 out of 34 sera from patients with a systemic lupus
      erythematosus, SLE). The cytotoxic effect was not specific for vascular
      endothelial cells, it was also found on fibroblast cells cultures. Inhibitor(s)
      of cell growth in vitro was independent of antinuclear and anticytoplasmic
      antibodies and appeared as a common feature of all connective tissue diseases
      with vascular symptoms.

PMID- 6442634
TI  - Detection of anti-interferon antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In this study, we show that sera from 2 of 13 patients with clinically active
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contained anti-interferon alpha (anti-IFN
      alpha) antibody. In contrast, anti-IFN alpha activity was not detected in sera
      from patients with clinically inactive SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's
      syndrome, or in normal individuals. None of the sera exhibited anti-IFN gamma
      activity. These studies show that anti-IFN antibody, like IFN itself, is most
      frequently observed in patients with clinically active SLE. It is also possible
      that the presence of IFN-anti-IFN complexes may contribute, in part, to the
      pathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 6442635
TI  - Felty's syndrome: response to auranofin.

PMID- 6442637
TI  - Cerebral infarction in systemic lupus: association with anticardiolipin
      antibodies.

PMID- 6442636
TI  - Immunoglobulin-related (AL) amyloidosis.
AB  - The amyloid fibril is the unique component of amyloid substances. Some amyloid
      fibrils (i.e. AL amyloid) are made up by homogeneous immunoglobulin light chains,
      and such fibrils are related to systemic and localized primary amyloidosis and
      amyloidosis associated with myelomatosis and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia.
      More lambda than kappa light chain proteins make up the amyloid in these cases,
      and it appears that lambda-chains are more prone to fibril formation than kappa
      chains. Immunoglobulins are thus the precursor protein for AL amyloid, which
      shows that primary amyloidosis belongs to the plasma cell dyscrasias. Amyloid
      infiltration of the heart and the kidneys accounts for the most severe clinical
      consequences of AL amyloidosis. In addition, peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel
      syndrome, macroglossia, skin affections, amyloid arthropathy and autonomic
      disturbances (i.e. orthostatic hypotension) are characteristic features of the
      disease. Involvement of parenchymal organs (kidneys, liver, spleen,
      gastrointestinal tract and endocrine glands) are common to systemic AL
      amyloidosis and secondary amyloidosis. As protein AA is the major fibril
      constituent of secondary amyloid, this form of amyloid disease is not related to
      immunoglobulins. Like other forms of plasma cell dyscrasia, patients with AL
      amyloidosis are usually treated with cytotoxic drugs and corticosteroids,
      however, the prognosis is very poor with a reported survival time after diagnosis
      of less than two years.

PMID- 6442638
TI  - Cerebral infarction in systemic lupus: association with anticardiolipin
      antibodies.
AB  - We report fifteen patients, thirteen with systemic lupus and two patients with a
      "lupus-like" illness who developed cerebral infarction. All fifteen patients were
      shown to have elevated anticardiolipin antibody levels using a newly devised
      solid phase radioimmunoassay. The lupus anticoagulant was detected in all eleven
      patients tested. It is proposed that anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus
      anticoagulant make up a population of antiphospholipid antibodies capable of
      causing cerebral vascular injury and thrombosis resulting in cerebral infarction.
      These antibodies may also play a pathogenic role in autoimmune disorders other
      than lupus where cerebral thrombotic disease is a prominent feature.

PMID- 6442639
TI  - Antithrombin III in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Plasma antithrombin III (AT III) was studied in 39 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and in 12 patients with other connective tissue disorders. AT
      III was measured immunologically by the Mancini method as well as by functional
      assay using thrombin and the chromogenic substrate, chromozyn TH (Boehringer).
      Reduced AT III activity was found in 17 patients; 8 had thrombosis. In 6 patients
      low AT III correlated with disease exacerbations and 2 had systemic vasculitis.
      No significant correlation could be demonstrated between low AT III levels and
      thromboembolic disease. A marked variation of functional AT III activity was
      observed in 30 patients in whom the presence of the lupus anticoagulant was
      demonstrated. The significance of this association is discussed.

PMID- 6442640
TI  - Renal vein thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with the
      "lupus anticoagulant".
AB  - Two patients with lupus erythematosus and renal vein thrombosis are described.
      Both patients had the "lupus anti-coagulant" in their serum. It is postulated
      that in these patients the clotting tendency could be favoured by a cross
      reaction of the "lupus anti-coagulant" with phospholipids in the endothelial cell
      membrane, resulting in inhibition of prostacyclin release.

PMID- 6442641
TI  - Gonadotropins pituitary secretion in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Hormonal abnormalities have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In order to define the regulatory mechanism
      involved, the pituitary reserve for gonadotropins secretion was investigated in
      eight untreated SLE patients with normal menstrual cycles. Serum luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined on the fifth
      day of the menstrual cycle before and after intravenous administration of 25
      micrograms synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The pulsatile
      LH and FSH resting values in SLE were not significantly higher than those found
      in the controls; after LH-RH stimulation no difference was observed between the
      SLE group and controls. The LH and FSH response to exogenous LH-RH administration
      in SLE demonstrate the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis that
      explains normal menses and fertility in this disease.

PMID- 6442642
TI  - A biological effect on platelets by the minor component of gold sodium thiomalate
      -a by-product of heat sterilization and exposure to light.
AB  - Gold sodium thiomalate as currently used is a mixture probably consisting of
      small polymers of different structures. The colourless and yellow solutions have
      been studied in platelets, which had been known to show biological effects of the
      yellow solution. Only the yellow solution causes ADP dependent platelet
      aggregation. Platelets treated with the yellow solution contain larger particles
      (100-700 nm in diameter) compared to a maximal particle size of 40 nm from the
      colourless solution. The biological differences observed may be due to
      phagocytosis of the larger components with resultant ADP release and aggregation.

PMID- 6442643
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in the control of renal function: renal effects of
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - This review examines the role of renal PGs in regulating glomerular function (RBF
      and GFR). The bulk of available evidence suggests that the glomerulus is the
      target structure for many vasoconstrictor agents, which stimulate renal synthesis
      of vasodilator PGs. PGE2 and PGI2 may regulate GFR and RBF by modulating either
      the vasoconstrictor actions on arterioles or the contractile activity of these
      agents on the glomerular mesangium. NSADs inhibit renal PG-synthesis at usual
      therapeutic dosage. In normal man these drugs appear not to affect GFR and RBF.
      In a number of renal ischemic states sustained by either exaggerated
      vasoconstrictor stimuli to the kidney or local reduction of vasodilator PGI2
      synthesis, NSADs may exert deleterious effects on renal function. Selective
      sparing of renal cyclo-oxygenase activity of sulindac makes this drug safe in
      patients with severe cardiac, hepatic or glomerular disease.

PMID- 6442644
TI  - Immunomodulation by surface components of Listeria monocytogenes: a review.
AB  - Surface components of bacteria make the initial contact with host defence
      mechanisms. Such components from Listeria monocytogenes have been studied in
      attempts to elucidate mechanisms of pathogenicity. The cell walls of different
      serotypes of L. monocytogenes have been reported to contain abundant
      peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, endotoxin, and
      lipopeptidopolysaccharide. Cell walls are B cell mitogens in vivo and in vitro,
      fix complement, are chemotaxigenic and decrease resistance to infection with
      Listeria. A soluble, high molecular weight immunosuppressive agent is also a B
      cell mitogen in vitro. It induces an inflammatory response and a population of
      suppressor macrophages in vivo. Monocytosis-producing activity is a low molecular
      weight material associated with the cell membrane. It induces a labile, transient
      endogenous mediator and causes a 3-6 fold elevation in blood monocyte levels 48 h
      after injection. Mice genetically sensitive to Listeria infection fail to produce
      or respond to the endogenous monocytosis-inducing factor. The potential use of
      these factors in diagnosis of Listeria and in unravelling interrelationships in
      host defense mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 6442645
TI  - A phage typing system for Listeria monocytogenes and its use in epidemiological
      studies.
AB  - A phage-typing system for Listeria monocytogenes is necessary to eludicate its
      transmission and spread. We describe the general characteristics of a phage
      typing system for L. monocytogenes and its use in selected epidemiological
      studies. Previously 78.4% of 823 strains of Listeria isolated in France between
      1958 and 1978 were typable with a set of twenty phages isolaged from lysogenic
      strains. We now use twenty-seven phages; six derived from serovars 1/2a and 1/2b,
      eight from 4b, and thirteen from 4ab, 3c, 5, 6a and 6b. We used this system to
      examine 186 strains isolated during and after an outbreak in the province of
      Anjou which occurred during 1975 and 1976. One hundred and eight of these strains
      were of one phage type (octal code 000 420 000). Using this system we confirmed
      two cases of cross-infection in hospital neonates in England. Our results show
      that the reproducibility of the technique and the discrimination of the system
      are satisfactory for routine use. However, further testing and development of
      this system are underway.

PMID- 6442646
TI  - A synthetic based medium for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - We have compared two media (Tryptone Soya Nalidixic Acid Agar and Tryptone Soya
      Gum Base Nalidixic Acid Medium) for the isolation of L. monocytogenes from
      pathological and environmental specimens. These media were used in conjunction
      with Henry's Oblique Light System. We found that the gum based medium gave the
      better results. The medium is uniformly transparent, partially suppressive to
      unwanted organisms and allows colonies of Listeria to be readily identified.

PMID- 6442647
TI  - Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes antigens with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Hybridomas secreting antibodies directed against Listeria monocytogenes were
      produced by the fusion of a drug sensitive tumor cell line with splenic B cells
      from mice immunized with L. monocytogenes. A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      screening procedure was performed with three forms of listerial antigens: (i)
      heat killed L. monocytogenes (HKLM); (ii) isopycnic gradient purified soluble
      listerial proteins (SLP) and (iii) syngeneic macrophages which had ingested HKLM
      (MAC-LM). Ninety-three hybridoma lines were identified which showed antibody
      reactivity to at least one of the antigenic forms. The predominant isotypes of
      hybridoma derived antibodies were IgG2 and IgM. Of those antibodies reactive with
      HKLM 70% appeared species specific and did not react with L. grayi, L.
      denitrificans or L. murrayi. The others (30%) showed several cross-reactivity
      patterns with bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and
      Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, of those positive on MAC-LM (27), 13 lines were
      reactive only with HKLM, 8 with all three antigenic forms, and 6 were reactive
      only with MAC-LM. Three lines were also identified which reacted with SLP alone.
      We anticipate that these antibody reagents will prove extremely useful in the
      identification and purification of antigenic structures and in the study of
      macrophage functions relating to antigen processing and presentation.

PMID- 6442648
TI  - The cellular response to Listeria monocytogenes is mediated by a heterogeneous
      population of immunospecific T cells.
AB  - Immunospecific T cells cooperate with macrophages in the expression of delayed
      type hypersensitivity and cellular resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. The
      mediator cells involved are generated in response to an immunizing Listeria
      infection. Immunospecific T cells are formed in lymphoid tissue and appear
      briefly in the blood. Many localize at sites of microbial implantation, but
      others leave the blood spontaneously and infiltrate tissues throughout the body.
      Both circulating T cells and those in tissues participate in the expression of
      delayed type hypersensitivity and cellular resistance. Several lines of evidence
      suggest that these two phenomena are mediated by heterogeneous but possibly
      cooperating T cell populations.

PMID- 6442649
TI  - The role of natural resistance in protection of the murine host from listeriosis.
AB  - Host resistance to infection with Listeria monocytogenes in the murine host can
      be viewed as comprising an early, non-immunologically specific phase of natural
      resistance, and this is followed 2-3 days later by a phase of acquired or
      immunologically specific cellular resistance. Recent evidence has shown that the
      key mechanisms underlying natural resistance are under genetic regulation: mice
      classed as relatively resistant demonstrate an early net bacterial growth rate
      which is significantly lower than that seen in strains classed as susceptible.
      The genetic advantage of the resistant host is attributed to the participation of
      a population of young (radiosensitive) immigrant mononuclear phagocytes which are
      protective against Listeria during the early phase of natural resistance.
      Mononuclear phagocyte kinetics differ markedly between resistant and susceptible
      strains of mice at this time. Thus, in the bone marrow, the incidence of
      progenitor cells for macrophage colony formation increases and the cell cycle
      time of promonocytes shortens in resistant, but not in susceptible, mice shortly
      following listerial infection. A peripheral blood monocytosis develops 24 h post
      infection in resistant mice and these cells leave the blood at a more rapid rate,
      as shown by a fall in the half-time of monocytes in such hosts. Immigrant
      macrophages accumulate at a subcutaneous site of listerial infection in
      significantly greater numbers in resistant C57BL/6J mice as compared to
      susceptible A/J mice, during the phase of natural resistance. Thus, the
      genetically-determined high natural resistance to listeriosis can be correlated
      with the ability of the resistant host to mount a prompt macrophage inflammatory
      response, which is not evident in susceptible mice during this phase of the
      infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442650
TI  - The processing and presentation of Listeria monocytogenes antigens by
      macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages play a requisite role in the induction and expression of T lymphocyte
      responses to Listeria monocytogenes. For effective T cell-macrophage interaction
      to occur, macrophages must perform at least two fundamental functions. They must
      take up and handle the antigen, and they must express appropriate membrane
      glycoproteins encoded for by the I-region of murine major histocompatibility gene
      complex (Ia molecules). Data collected in a murine model suggests that the
      following sequential events are involved in the Listeria-macrophage-T cell
      interaction. Listeria interaction with macrophage cell surface via trypsin
      sensitive structures. Interiorization within phagosomes. Phagosome-lysosome
      fusion. Partial degradation of Listeria. Transfer of protein antigen fragments to
      macrophage cell surface. Recognition of macrophage surface antigen and I-region
      associated (Ia) molecules by the T cell receptor. The essential feature of this
      model is that: antigen handling occurs intracellularly and independently of
      macrophage cell surface Ia molecules. With regard to the survival advantage of
      this mechanism, one may speculate that the degradation of pathogens by
      macrophages may serve to increase the number of different structural moieties
      which can act as antigens. Thus, bacterial components normally sequestered in the
      interior of organisms could conceivably serve as antigens, and the multiplicity
      of such antigenic determinants would make it less likely that a nonresponder
      status with respect to I-region gene function would be generated. This mechanism
      may be especially relevant to host defense against intracellular pathogens such
      as Listeria monocytogenes.

PMID- 6442651
TI  - Activation of Listeria monocytogenes-induced prekiller T cells by interleukin-2.
AB  - Thymus-dependent lymphocytes, or T cells, of rats infected with Listeria
      monocytogenes acquire a potent cytolytic capability when the cells are
      restimulated in vitro by Listeria antigens. Activation of such Listeria
      monocytogenes-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocytes requires both antigen and
      histocompatible accessory cells, but only when the responder T cells have been
      specifically depleted of lymphocytes that are responsive to accessory cell
      alloantigens. When unselected T cells are used, significant activation occurs in
      specific-antigen-free cultures containing allogeneic accessory cells. This
      seeming paradox is explained by the fact that a lymphokine generated in mixed
      leukocyte cultures can promote the terminal differentiation of cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes precursors. This lymphokine has tentatively been identified as
      interleukin-2. The results suggest that a three stage process is involved in the
      activation of Listeria monocytogenes-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The first
      stage occurs in response to an immunizing Listeria monocytogenes infection and
      itself involves two significant events, the polyclonal priming of prekiller cells
      and the generation of Listeria antigens-specific helper T cells. During the
      second stage, helper T cells are stimulated by Listeria antigens to release
      interleukin-2. This process is efficiently executed only in the presence of
      histocompatible accessory cells. The third stage in the activation process
      requires neither accessory cells nor antigen and involves the interleukin-2
      driven differentiation of prekiller cells.

PMID- 6442652
TI  - Natural resistance to listeriosis: role of host inflammatory responsiveness.
AB  - The accumulation of inflammatory macrophages at the infective foci appears to
      represent the major host defense mechanism during the early or innate phase of
      resistance to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Certain inbred strains of
      mice, such as A/J [A] have genetically-determined defects in macrophage
      mobilization in vivo in response to intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with the
      nonspecific inflammatory stimulus, thioglycollate. These strains of mice are also
      genetically-susceptible to infection with Listeria. In contrast, other strains
      (C57BL/6J or B10.A/SgSn [B]) are high responders for both genetically-determined
      traits. Linkage analysis of the two traits in backcross progeny showed that the
      trait of a high macrophage inflammatory response segregates with the trait of
      resistance to Listeria. These observations suggested that the gene(s) controlling
      the level of the macrophage inflammatory response is identical with or linked to
      the gene(s) controlling resistance to Listeria. We have found additional evidence
      to support this hypothesis by analyzing the expression of the two traits in 12
      AXB/BXA recombinant inbred [RI] mouse strains derived from progenitor B (high
      macrophage response, Listeria-resistant) and A (low macrophage response, Listeria
      susceptible) mice. Furthermore, those AXB/BXA strains, which like progenitor A
      mice, are susceptible to infection with Listeria exhibit a defect in the number
      of polymorphonuclear leukocytes recovered from peritoneal exudates 18 h after IP
      injection with thioglycollate. The strain distribution pattern of both the
      resistance/susceptibility to Listeria and the leukocyte inflammatory response in
      RI strains is concordant with that of Hc allele coding for effective/defective
      levels of C5 complement protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442654
TI  - Listeria monocytogenes infections in Canada.
AB  - Since its first isolation by Murray in 1926 Listeria monocytogenes has become
      recognized as a significant pathogen occurring worldwide and involving a wide
      range of wild and domestic animals including man. The first confirmed human
      listeriosis case in Canada was published by Stoot in 1951. A later survey based
      on records maintained at the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa showed
      101 cases detected over a 21 year period in nine provinces. The overall mortality
      was 30%. The most frequently isolated serotype was 4b followed by 1 and 1b. Prior
      to the Nova Scotia epidemic (41 cases) of 1981, fewer than 15 cases per annum had
      been diagnosed based on hospital discharge records. The Nova Scotia epidemic was
      unique in that the source and mode of transmission of the organism were
      determined. Sixty-three strains isolated from this outbreak were typed, and with
      the exception of one 1a strain, were identified as 4b. These were subsequently
      classified mainly as phage type 00 042 0000 and 00 002 0000. Listeriosis appears
      to be a common infection in the animal population in Canada primarily in cattle,
      sheep, chinchillas, chickens and goats. Outbreaks have been described in rabbits,
      goats, and chinchillas. Chinchilla farms were affected in one outbreak (serotype
      1) in Nova Scotia which was attributed to feeding a new batch of meal containing
      beet pulp. Many aspects of the epidemiology of listeriosis are obscure. A cycle
      involving contaminated soil and consumption of raw vegetables has been confirmed
      as the cause of the Nova Scotia epidemic and could explain a proportion of the
      sporadic cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442653
TI  - Enhancement of passive antilisterial immunity and change of Lyt phenotype
      following in vitro stimulation of murine lymphoid cells from immune donors.
AB  - To enhance the functional activity of the immune lymphoid cells required for
      passive antilisterial immunity, we cultured spleen cells from Listeria-immune
      mice in vitro with specific mitogens or listerial antigens and then transferred
      these cells into normal syngeneic mice. We assayed the level of passive immunity
      in these recipients either by their resistance to challenge with viable Listeria
      monocytogenes or by their delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to
      listerial antigens. In vitro stimulation with the T cell mitogens concanavalin A
      (ConA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) effectively enhanced passive immunity to
      viable Listeria. ConA stimulation of immune cells typically enhanced adoptive
      immunization 100- to 1000-fold. These ConA-stimulated immune lymphoid cells
      maintained their antigen specificity, since they provided no significant
      protection against Salmonella typhimurium. Although in vitro ConA stimulation
      resulted in markedly enhanced passive immunity to viable Listeria, the passive
      delayed-type hypersensitivity response to listerial antigens was not concurrently
      enhanced. Stimulation with certain preparations of listerial antigens also
      resulted in transfer of enhanced levels of adoptive immunity against viable
      Listeria. In cytotoxic assays utilizing monoclonal antibodies against the Lyt
      differentiation antigens, the ConA-stimulated immune T cells exhibited a
      different Lyt phenotype relative to nonstimulated immune T lymphocytes. Our
      results indicate that in vitro stimulation of Listeria-immune lymphoid cells
      leads to the differentiation as well as proliferation of antigen-specific T
      cells, suggesting that the in vivo development of immunity to Listeria
      monocytogenes is dependent not only on increased numbers of immune T lymphocytes,
      but also on the differentiation of these antigen specific T cells.

PMID- 6442655
TI  - Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes in human and environmental specimens in
      Nova Scotia, 1974 to 1981.
AB  - We examined specimens for L. monocytogenes using the "cold enrichment" technique
      of Gray et al. (J. Bacteriol., 55: 471, 1948) and a nalidixic agar plate (Ann.
      Inst. Pasteur 111: 90, 1966). Between 1974 and May 1981, we isolated L.
      monocytogenes from four of 5,255 specimens (rectal, vaginal and placental swabs;
      blood; spinal fluid; semen; necropsy material) which came from eight human
      populations (neonates, children, adult men, and pregnant and nonpregnant women)
      and from 161 animals. Three of the isolated strains were type 1, and they came
      from a newborn born at 32 weeks' gestation, that child's mother, and another
      woman who had recently delivered. The fourth (type 4b) came from a newborn twin
      born at 36 1/2 weeks' gestation. In June through October 1981, in 529 specimens,
      we isolated L. monocytogenes type 1/2 from two of four larvae tested (four
      earwigs and five slugs were all negative) and from three of 27 samples of fresh
      chicken liver (however, 18 samples of coleslaw were negative). At the same time,
      we isolated L. monocytogenes (not yet typed) from a rectal swab from one of 112
      dogs examined. Rectal swabs from 107 cats were negative, as were vaginal swabs
      from 144 women and urine samples from 108 newborns.

PMID- 6442656
TI  - In vitro and in vivo activity of various antibiotics against Listeria
      monocytogenes type 4b.
AB  - Inadequate guidelines for the treatment of neonatal listeriosis led us to
      evaluate various antibiotics in a newborn rat model of Listeria monocytogenes
      type 4b sepsis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
      concentrations (MBC based on 99.9% killing), expressed as micrograms/ml, were
      determined for: ampicillin (MIC 0.46/MBC 3.20); ampicillin with subinhibitory
      concentrations of gentamicin (0.24/not done); erythromycin (0.14/3.59);
      gentamicin (0.38/1.11); gentamicin with subinhibitory concentrations of
      ampicillin (0.235/ND); piperacillin (2.7/16.8); rifampin (0.026/0.094);
      sulfamethoxazole (SMZ 47.5/ND); SMZ with subinhibitory concentrations of
      trimethoprim (0.74/1.48); trimethoprim (TMP 0.12/ND); and TMP with subinhibitory
      concentrations of SMZ (0.04/0.08). In the in vivo model, rats were challenged
      intraperitoneally with 2 X 10(6) cfu of L. monocytogenes at 3 days-of-age.
      Antibiotics (ampicillin, ampicillin + gentamicin, erythromycin, piperacillin or
      TMP/SMZ) were given every 12 h for 2 days starting on day 5 of life while
      rifampin was given once daily for 2 days. Survival tabulations and spleen
      cultures were done on day 8 of life. All animals who received antibiotics had
      better survival than the controls given saline (p less than 0.01 for rifampin,
      erythromycin, TMP/SMZ, ampicillin, ampicillin + gentamicin; p less than 0.05 for
      piperacillin). Rifampin, erythromycin and TMP/SMZ gave better survival than
      piperacillin (p less than 0.01). Although ampicillin plus gentamicin were
      superior to ampicillin alone (p less than 0.01) in reducing the number of
      organisms in the spleens, rifampin was superior to all regimens in this regard (p
      less than 0.0005 vs piperacillin, ampicillin, TMP/SMZ; p less than 0.05 vs
      ampicillin + gentamicin, erythromycin). Rifampin may be a useful addition to
      other regimens in speeding the elimination of the organism.

PMID- 6442657
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in drug nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 6442658
TI  - Selected topics in therapeutic nutrition.
AB  - Although parenteral and enteral nutrition has advanced rapidly in the last 5
      years, prevention of nutritional problems in children still depends on the
      practice of basic nutritional principles. Breast-feeding remains the best
      alimentation for the infant. Increased support of breast-feeding in children with
      cleft lip and/or palate is a simple application of basic therapeutic nutrition.
      Proper feeding can avert the need for parenteral or enteral nutrition. As our
      knowledge of nutritional therapeutics expands, the practitioner will be able to
      play a greater role in both preventive and therapeutic nutrition.

PMID- 6442659
TI  - Altered distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and augmentation of lymphocyte
      proliferation in chronic PCB poisoned patients.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of immunotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB),
      delayed type hypersensitivity skin test, lymphoproliferative responses, and
      lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies were performed on 30
      patients and 38 age/sex-matched healthy individuals. Three years ago the patients
      had ingested rice bran oil accidentally contaminated by PCB. Except for
      lymphocyte proliferation, the chronic effect of PCB and its derivatives upon cell
      mediated immunity (CMI) in these patients was not so evident when compared to
      that found within one year of exposure. Delayed type hypersensitivity skin
      response to purified protein derivative (PPD) and the numbers of peripheral T and
      B lymphocytes were within normal range. The enumeration of lymphocyte subsets
      demonstrated decreased T4 (inducer/helper) cells and increased T8
      (cytotoxic/suppressor) cells. The abnormally augmentated spontaneous
      proliferation and proliferation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA),
      concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and PPD implicated that both T and
      B lymphocytes were functionally affected. This may well be the result of the
      immunotoxicity rather than the enhancement of cell-mediated immunity by these
      toxic compounds. While there was no correlation between the results of those
      assays and blood PCB levels, it appears that the lymphoproliferative assay may be
      applied as a sensitive test in reflecting the severity of PCB immunotoxicity.

PMID- 6442661
TI  - [Opportunistic pathogenic microbial pneumonia].

PMID- 6442660
TI  - In vivo effect to uncoupler CCCP on nitrogenase of Anabaena sp. CH1 and CH2.
AB  - Uncoupler CCCP inhibited the growth of Anabaena sp. CH1 and CH2 and reduced their
      photosynthetic rate and nitrogenase activity. It was determined that upon CCCP
      addition, nitrogenase activities of CH1 and CH2 declined to almost zero within 1
      and 6 hours. Such decline may be caused by the direct inhibition of nitrogenase
      synthesis rather than by indirect interruption of the phosphorylation process.

PMID- 6442662
TI  - [Serodiagnosis of infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its clinical
      application].

PMID- 6442664
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of soluble high molecular weight proteins of the
      human crystalline lens].

PMID- 6442663
TI  - [Intravenous nitroglycerin infusion for frequent anginal attacks after myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 6442665
TI  - [Analysis of aqueous humor proteins and amino acids in senile cataract].

PMID- 6442666
TI  - [Vitamin C in the aqueous humor of cataract patients].

PMID- 6442667
TI  - [Steroid cataract complicating kidney transplantation].

PMID- 6442668
TI  - [Histopathologic findings in human eyes after couching and couching-snaring].

PMID- 6442670
TI  - [Wound closure by fixation of scleral flap in cataract surgery--clinical
      observation of 81 eyes].

PMID- 6442669
TI  - [Treatment of congenital cataract by phacoerysis following zonulotomy via
      posterior route--analysis of 145 cases].

PMID- 6442671
TI  - [Cataract extraction with a charcoal stylus].

PMID- 6442672
TI  - [Taste test for the determination of lacrimal function].

PMID- 6442674
TI  - [Dark adaptation in myopia].

PMID- 6442673
TI  - [Visual acuity before and after treatment in absolute and nearly absolute primary
      glaucoma].

PMID- 6442675
TI  - [Surgery of retinal dialysis].

PMID- 6442676
TI  - [Treatment of persistent ocular pain by radio-frequency current in
      thermocoagulation].

PMID- 6442677
TI  - [Analysis of 78 cases of meningioma of the sellar tubercle].

PMID- 6442678
TI  - [Measurement and observation of the orbit in the Chinese. IV].

PMID- 6442679
TI  - [Treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction by anastomosis of the conjunctiva duct
      and nasal mucosa duct].

PMID- 6442680
TI  - [Immunological assay in herpes simplex keratitis].

PMID- 6442681
TI  - [Diagnosis of obstructive lacrimal disease using lacrimal scintillography].

PMID- 6442682
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative analysis of questionable dry eye].

PMID- 6442683
TI  - [Adjustable sutures for muscle recession].

PMID- 6442684
TI  - [Large recession of the external rectus for large-angle exotropia].

PMID- 6442685
TI  - [Disciform detachment of the macular neuroepithelium--analysis of 118 cases on
      fundus fluorescein angiography].

PMID- 6442686
TI  - [Side effects of fluorescein sodium infused intravenously].

PMID- 6442687
TI  - [Endophthalmitis--a complication following the scleral buckling operation].

PMID- 6442688
TI  - [Orbital hemangioma--clinical and pathologic analysis of 81 cases].

PMID- 6442689
TI  - [An analysis of refraction and position of the eye among students with normal eye
      sight].

PMID- 6442690
TI  - [Low vision in an outer suburban district of Beijing].

PMID- 6442691
TI  - [Pterygium resection and covering with the fresh lining membrane of egg-shell].

PMID- 6442692
TI  - [Measurement of the depth of the anterior chamber].

PMID- 6442693
TI  - [Skin transplantation of the eye, nose, forehead and cheek area].

PMID- 6442694
TI  - [Methods of thick-smear examination of the sputum for tubercle bacilli].

PMID- 6442695
TI  - [Sterilizing effect of peracetic acid on Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6442696
TI  - Plasma growth hormone secretion during constant growth hormone-releasing factor
      infusion.
AB  - Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF-44) was infused
      intravenously at a constant rate of 2.5 micrograms/min for 180 minutes in 3
      normal boys of short stature. Plasma GH levels reached a peak at 60-120 min with
      a mean value (+/- SEM) of 69.1 +/- 14.3 ng/ml, and then, declined gradually in
      spite of continuous hpGRF-44 infusion up to 180 minutes. Similarly, constant
      infusion of hpGRF-44 at a rate of 2.5 micrograms/min in 5 normal but short boys
      for 90 minutes, together with an iv bolus injection of hpGRF-44 (2 micrograms/kg)
      administered at 0 and 90 minutes, elicited a prompt rise in plasma GH 15-30
      minutes after the first bolus but no significant elevation of GH was observed
      after the second bolus. In contrast, when two iv bolus injections of hpGRF-44 (2
      micrograms/kg) were given in 4 normal boys with short stature at 0 and 90
      minutes, respectively, significant elevation of plasma GH was found after each
      bolus. These results suggest that under constant infusion of GRF the pituitary
      experiences a down-regulation after the initial peak of GH response, possibly due
      to desensitization to GRF.

PMID- 6442697
TI  - Normalization of thyroid stimulating hormone levels in acromegalic patients after
      selective adenomectomy.
AB  - Changes in TSH secretion in six acromegalic patients were studied before and
      after transsphenoidal adenomectomy (Hardy's method) and compared to normal
      subjects and six patients with prolactinoma. Basal serum GH levels ranging from 5
      to over 250 ng/ml before adenomectomy decreased to below 5 ng/ml after the
      operation, and the abnormal responses of GH to TRH observed initially in three of
      the six patients almost disappeared in the post-adenomectomy period. The response
      of serum TSH to TRH in acromegalic patients improved in each of the six patients
      after the operation. The TRH-stimulated TSH secretion in patients with
      prolactinoma of a size and grade similar to those in acromegalic patients was not
      so extremely low as that in the acromegalic subjects. As indicators of thyroid
      function, serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3-uptake levels and free
      T4 indices did not change significantly after adenomectomy as compared with those
      before the operation in five of the six patients tested. Serum T3, T4 and T3
      uptake levels and free T4 indices before adenomectomy were normal or subnormal in
      each patient except for a high serum T4 level and free T4 index before the
      operation in only one patient. Thus, it is difficult to conclude that the
      function of thyrotrophs was decreased by pressure upon the intact pituitary gland
      by the tumor, or that the thyroid gland also became hypertrophic secondary to the
      elevated GH, resulting in a large quantity of thyroid hormone being secreted,
      which caused a suppression of TSH secretion by negative feedback.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6442698
TI  - Plasma growth hormone responses to repetitive administrations of growth hormone
      releasing factor in patients with pituitary dwarfism.
AB  - Plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to the repetitive administrations of
      synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF-44) were
      studied in 15 patients with GH deficiency (11 diagnosed as idiopathic and 4
      diagnosed as secondary to hypothalamo-pituitary tumor). hpGRF-44 was administered
      by single iv bolus (2 micrograms/kg), repetitive im (100 micrograms, twice a
      day), and/or repetitive iv infusion (2.5 micrograms/min for 90 min, once a day)
      for three to six consecutive days. Three of the eleven idiopathic GH deficient
      patients had plasma GH responses to both single iv bolus injection and repetitive
      administrations by im, or iv infusion of hpGRF. In four of the remaining eight,
      who had not had peak plasma GH levels above 5 ng/ml to a single iv bolus of the
      peptide, repetitive administrations of hpGRF-44 by im injection and/or iv
      infusion induced GH responses to the peptide. In the four patients with secondary
      GH deficiency, three had plasma GH response to hpGRF administration but one
      patient, who had indications of pituitary disorder, did not show any plasma GH
      response to either single iv injection or repetitive administrations of hpGRF-44.
      These data show that repetitive administrations of hpGRF-44 can induce plasma GH
      responses in some GH deficient patients who do not respond to a single iv bolus
      of the peptide.

PMID- 6442699
TI  - A case of acromegaly associated with Graves' disease. A possible role of
      endogenous TRH and an effect of bromocriptine on GH and TSH secretion.
AB  - A 44-year-old man subjected to Hardy's operation for a treatment of acromegaly
      developed hyperthyroidism right after surgery. He had a normal thyroid function
      with a slightly suppressed TSH response to TRH before operation. Sudden onset of
      hyperthyroidism after surgery and suppressed TSH were compatible with Graves'
      disease. Hyperthyroidism was effectively treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) with
      slightly increased basal TSH level and normal response of TSH to TRH. Plasma GH
      level also increased after he attained euthyroidism, but inappropriate GH
      response to TRH persisted. It is suggested that increased endogenous TRH
      stimulated both TSH and GH release, but inappropriate GH response to TRH occurred
      irrespective of endogenous hypothalamic TRH. Bromocriptine, 5.0 mg/day,
      suppressed plasma GH level to a normal range with a concomitant suppression of
      PRL and TSH, both basal levels and responses to TRH.

PMID- 6442700
TI  - Bioconversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and related compounds in
      human myometrium and uterine cervix.
AB  - Arachidonic Acid metabolites in human myometrium and uterine cervix were studied
      using silicic acid column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, reversed
      phase partition chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Myometrium produced
      6-ketoPGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane B2. Uterine cervix produced 6
      ketoPGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane B2, and one hydroxyacid. There was
      no difference between the rate of conversion of prostaglandins in myometrium and
      cervix. But only cervix could convert arachidonic acid to hydroxyacid.

PMID- 6442701
TI  - Pituitary response of growth hormone release in administration of hpGRF-44 to
      pregnant rats.
AB  - To investigate the pituitary response to exogenous growth hormone releasing
      factor (GRF) during pregnancy, pregnant (from Day 7 to Day 16) and non-pregnant
      rats were cannulated through a femoral vein, then hpGRF-44 (1.0 microgram) or
      saline was administered intravenously under anaesthesia with pentobarbital
      sodium. An initial blood sample was drawn off before the administration and
      subsequent samples were taken at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min post injection for
      measurement of plasma growth hormone (GH) values by radioimmunoassay. In a group
      of pregnant rats (n = 9), a mean concentration of plasma GH was increased to a
      peak in 10 min, from 132.5 +/- 14.9 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.) to 864.4 +/- 175.1
      ng/ml after hpGRF-44 administration. The mean value for non-pregnant rats (n = 6)
      reached a peak in 5 min from 164.5 +/- 34.1 ng/ml to 921.2 +/- 257.2 ng/ml. The
      injection of saline produced no changes in plasma GH concentrations in pregnant
      (n = 4) or non-pregnant (n = 3) rats. Moreover no significant difference in
      plasma GH responses to hpGRF-44 was found between early (from Day 7 to Day 8, n =
      5) and late (from Day 15 to Day 16, n = 4) pregnant rats. The data indicate that
      the plasma GH levels following the administration of hpGRF-44 were not different
      between pregnant and non-pregnant rats, though the pregnant pituitary responses
      to hpGRF-44 were delayed a little longer than those of the non-pregnant
      pituitary.

PMID- 6442702
TI  - Intermediate filament and associated proteins in the human heart: an
      immunofluorescence study of normal and pathological hearts.
AB  - The cytoskeleton of human ventricular myocardium in normal and pathological
      hearts has been analysed with immunocytochemical techniques. Specific antibodies
      against the intermediate filament proteins desmin (Mr 55 000) and vimentin (Mr 58
      000) and antibodies against two cytoskeleton-associated proteins, a spectrin-like
      protein (Mr 230 000) and vinculin (Mr 130 000), have been used. We show that
      desmin is localized in the myocytes as an intermyofibrillar lattice at the Z disk
      level of the myofibrils, and at the intercalated disks. The spectrin-like protein
      is localized as a transverse striated pattern interlinked with fine longitudinal
      strands in the subplasmalemmal region of the myocytes. Vinculin is abundant in
      the intercalated disks and in myotendinous junctions but occurs also at the
      peripheral sarcolemma in the form of a regular repeat of dots and of fine bar
      like extensions into the cytoplasm from the dots. These patterns were observed
      both in normal and in abnormal hearts, but a number of altered patterns in
      pathological myocytes were also seen. It is concluded that the intermediate
      filament system has important implications in the structural function of normal
      and abnormal hearts but that further studies are needed to elucidate how the
      different components are related to each other and how they are influenced by
      different disease processes.

PMID- 6442703
TI  - Effect of dietary vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) on aflatoxin B metabolism.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of rats with 2 mg/kg ring labelled 14C AFB1 (spec. act.
      110 mCi/mM/nmole) showed a higher level of radioactivity in the urine of test
      animals on diets containing 600 mg/kg vit. E 24 h after pretreatment. Analysis of
      the urine by chloroform extraction, thin layer chromatography and liquid
      scintillation counting of the various fractions showed less aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)
      and less unmetabolized AFB1 in test samples than in controls. Incubation of ring
      labelled 14C AFB1 with hepatic 10,000 g supernatant fractions, however, showed
      increased metabolism of AFB1 by fractions from test animals as compared with the
      controls. Rate of disappearance of 14C AFB1 and the consequent formation of AFM1
      was greater in the test fractions than in the controls. At 30 days all test
      animals showed higher levels of serum vitamin E than the controls. Hepatic
      aniline hydroxylase and ethyl morphine N-demethylase activities of the liver
      fractions and blood glutathione reductase activity were greater in the tests. P
      nitroanisole-O-demethylase activity was reduced while hepatic and serum reduced
      glutathione levels remained basically unaltered.

PMID- 6442704
TI  - In vivo plasma protein binding interaction between valproic acid and naproxen.
AB  - The effect of naproxen on the kinetics of free and total plasma valproic acid
      (VPA) was investigated in 6 normal volunteers by using a recently developed
      simple ultrafiltration technique associated with an immuno-enzymatic assay (Free
      Level System I, Syva). Each subject received a single oral dose of sodium
      valproate on two occasions: a) on a control day and b) during concurrent
      treatment with naproxen (500 mg b.i.d. for 5 consecutive days). Naproxen caused a
      slight but significant decrease in total plasma VPA levels but left free VPA
      levels essentially unchanged. The free VPA fraction increased with increasing
      total VPA concentrations: at equivalent values of total VPA, however, the free
      fraction was higher in the presence of naproxen. It is concluded that naproxen
      exerts a moderate displacing effect on protein bound VPA, thereby increasing the
      clearance of total drug but leaving essentially unchanged the clearance of free
      drug.

PMID- 6442705
TI  - Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in growing beef steers implanted with
      estrogenic anabolic growth promotants.
AB  - The effect of estrogenic anabolic compounds on plasma thyroid hormone
      concentrations was investigated in growing beef steers. Sixteen Hereford beef
      steers, weighing approximately 380 kg, were randomly placed into four groups and
      assigned to one of the following treatments: 36 mg implant of Zeranol, 36 mg
      implant of diethylstilbestrol (DES), one implant of Synovex-S and an unimplanted
      control. Total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were
      analyzed from plasma samples collected at different periods following the
      implantation using a solid phase radioimmunoassay. Free thyroxine concentration
      was estimated indirectly as free thyroxine assessment (FTA) from total T4
      concentration and the binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG-RDA).
      Overall mean plasma T4 concentration was higher in steers implanted with Synovex
      S (23%, P less than 0.05) and DES (18%, P = 0.08) than the controls. When
      compared to controls, a slight increase (2.2%, P greater than 0.05) was observed
      in steers implanted with zeranol. The TBG-RDA values were lower (P less than
      0.05) and the FTA values were higher (P less than 0.05) in steers implanted with
      estrogenic anabolic compounds than the controls. The FTA values were
      significantly increased by Synovex-S (57%, P less than 0.05) and were found to be
      non-significantly increased by DES (37%) and zeranol (30%) when compared to the
      control values. Mean plasma T3 concentration was not affected (P greater than
      0.05) by DES, Synovex-S or zeranol implantation. These data indicate increased
      plasma total and free T4 concentration in steers due to the implantation of
      Synovex-S, a non-significant increase due to DES implantation and suggest that it
      could be one of the mechanisms by which they improve growth and metabolism.
      Zeranol seems to have a weaker influence on the thyroid gland than Synovex-S or
      DES. Plasma T3 concentration appears to be unaffected by estrogenic anabolic
      compounds in steers. While previous investigators have reported a suppression of
      thyroid gland activity in ruminants treated with androgenic anabolic compounds,
      the present study indicates a stimulation of thyroid gland activity, as reflected
      by the elevated T4 concentration, in steers treated with estrogenic anabolic
      compounds, especially Synovex-S and DES.

PMID- 6442706
TI  - TRH-induced growth hormone release in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Growth hormone (GH) response was studied in 8 insulin-dependent and 7 non-insulin
      dependent diabetics after stimulation with L-Dopa (500 mg orally) and TRH (0.2 mg
      iv.). L-Dopa induced a clear GH response in insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and
      in the control group while in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) peak GH
      levels were lower (P less than 0.05) and 4 of 7 subjects failed to respond to L
      Dopa stimulation. TRH had no effect on GH levels in NIDDM and in the controls.
      Insulin-dependent diabetics responded to TRH stimulation and GH levels at 20 and
      30 min were significantly higher as compared with NIDDM and the control group.
      The degree of hyperglycemia seemed not to influence GH response. The highest GH
      levels were noted in two patients with proliferative retinopathy. It is suggested
      that TRH-induced GH release may be a characteristic feature in some patients with
      IDDM.

PMID- 6442707
TI  - Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon and prolactin during long lasting lactation.
AB  - Circulating levels of glucose and particularly those of insulin are significantly
      lower in African mothers (Kivu, Zaire) nursing their infants than in non pregnant
      and non lactating women of the same area. Furthermore, the glycemia and the
      insulinemia increase relatively less after a glucose load in the breastfeeding
      mothers. The lack of glucose available to the mammary gland may explain the low
      volumes of milk produced by the lactating mothers in this region of Africa.

PMID- 6442708
TI  - Reciprocal changes of plasma apo AI and apo E levels in streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic rats.
AB  - Amounts of plasma lipids, apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) and apolipoprotein E (apo E)
      were measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Plasma triglyceride and
      cholesterol levels of diabetic rats were not significantly different from those
      of control rats. Plasma apo AI levels of diabetic rats were significantly higher
      than those of control rats (78.2 +/- 29.3 vs 27.2 +/- 3.4 mg/dl, P less than
      0.001), while plasma apo E levels of diabetic rats were significantly lower than
      those of control rats (4.2 +/- 1.0 vs 13.9 +/- 5.3 mg/dl, P less than 0.001).
      Insulin treatment (12U/day) of diabetic rats decreased plasma apo AI levels
      significantly (treated: 32.8 +/- 3.4, untreated: 48.7 +/- 6.2, control: 28.5 +/-
      2.4 mg/dl) and normalized plasma apo E levels (treated: 16.1 +/- 1.7, untreated:
      5.4 +/- 0.7, control: 15.8 +/- 1.3). Insulin injection (4U/day) to normal rats
      did not cause any changes in both plasma apo AI and apo E levels. The data
      indicate that diabetes is not always accompanied by hyperlipidemia, however this
      inevitably carries apoprotein abnormalities characterized by the high plasma apo
      AI and low apo E levels, which are reversible with insulin treatment. The changes
      in the levels of plasma apo AI and apo E could be related to the development of
      atherosclerosis in diabetes.

PMID- 6442709
TI  - Biological effects of New Caledonia nickel ore samples on red blood cells,
      alveolar macrophages and pleural mesothelial cells.
AB  - To examine the toxicity of three nickeliferous ores (Noumea Mines, Societe le
      Nickel, in vitro tests were carried out with mammalian cells: haemolysis of human
      red blood cells (RBC), release of enzymes by rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) for
      studying inflammation, and study of rat pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) to
      determine the effect on cellular growth and genotoxic effects.

PMID- 6442710
TI  - Metabolism and activation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and methylhydrazine, two
      products of N-nitrosodimethylamine reductive biotransformation.
AB  - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and two of its metabolites, monomethylhydrazine
      (MMH) and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) were metabolized to carbon dioxide by rat
      liver slices. Under these conditions, NDMA and MMH, but not UDMH, produced
      reactive metabolites that bound covalently to nucleic acids. Rat liver microsomes
      or 9000 X g supernatants were able to transform NDMA, MMH and UDMH to
      formaldehyde. In the case of MMH and UDMH, enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways
      of formaldehyde formation were present in both liver microsomes and 9000 X g
      supernatants. NDMA, MMH and UDMH led to covalent binding in incubation mixtures
      containing either microsomes or 9000 X g supernatants. In the case of NDMA, the
      process was enzymatic and required NADPH in both cellular fractions. In the case
      of MMH, the process was enzymatic in microsomes, and required NADPH and oxygen
      when using UDMH or MMH and 9000 X g supernatants; interactions of a non-enzymatic
      nature leading to covalent binding to proteins were dominant. These results
      suggest that part of the carbon dioxide produced during NDMA metabolism might
      derive from UDMH and MMH. Similarly, a significant part of the covalent binding
      of NDMA metabolites to proteins in incubation mixtures containing microsomes or
      9000 X g supernatants might derive from enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions of
      UDMH or MMH. Also, a minor part of the covalent binding of NDMA reactive
      metabolites to nucleic acids might be due to further biotransformation of MMH to
      reactive metabolites. It may be concluded from the present results that
      biotransformation of NDMA to UDMH and MMH might not be a detoxication process, as
      previously thought, but one related to some of the toxic effects of NDMA.

PMID- 6442711
TI  - A double-blind study comparing sodium aurothiomalate and auranofin in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis previously stabilized on sodium aurothiomalate.
AB  - Auranofin, an orally active gold preparation, was compared with sodium
      aurothiomalate in a double-blind trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      fulfilling the ARA criteria, who had been stabilized on sodium aurothiomalate for
      at least six months. Twenty-four patients have so far been entered in the trial,
      of whom fourteen have been randomly allocated to receive auranofin and ten to
      receive sodium aurothiomalate. After initial stabilization, patients receive
      either auranofin 6 mg daily and placebo injection, or sodium aurothiomalate 50 mg
      monthly and placebo tablets. Five patients have completed one year on auranofin.
      The remaining nine patients were withdrawn because of loss of efficacy (two),
      side-effects, (five), loss of efficacy and side-effects (one) and default (one).
      Four patients have completed one year's treatment with sodium aurothiomalate. Of
      the remaining six patients, two were withdrawn because of side-effects, three
      because of poor disease control and one because of side-effects and poor disease
      control. Diarrhoea occurred in eight patients receiving auranofin. Rashes
      occurred in both groups but otherwise there were no serious side-effects. The
      efficacy of both drugs appeared similar, there being no significant differences
      in morning stiffness, fatiguability, visual analogue pain score, grip strength
      and articular index. There were also no significant differences in laboratory
      parameters of efficacy. Auranofin appears to control disease activity in
      rheumatoid arthritis but diarrhoea is a frequent side-effect.

PMID- 6442712
TI  - Mechanisms of action of mazindol in preventing onset and development of obesity
      induced by gold thioglucose injection.
AB  - Biochemical and morphological studies were made on the role of mazindol in
      treatment of obesity in mice induced by gold thioglucose (GTG) injection.
      Mazindol was added to the diet at a level of 10 mg/kg body weight and then all
      animals were fed on a constantly restricted diet of 60 percent of the level of ad
      lib, food intake for 10 weeks. The following results were obtained: (1) The body
      weight and Lee's index were significantly increased by GTG injection and these
      increases in the GTG-obese group were reduced by oral mazindol. (2) The levels of
      triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver were much higher in the GTG-obese group
      than in the lean group, and were significantly less in the mazindol-treated group
      than in the GTG-obese group. (3) The levels of serum triglyceride and
      immunoreactive insulin were significantly higher in the GTG group than in the
      lean group and the increase in the GTG-treated animals was reduced by oral
      mazindol. (4) The size of fat cells and basal lipolytic activity in parametrial
      adipose tissue were greater in the GTG-obese group than in the lean group and
      were significantly reduced by mazindol treatment. (5) Disaccharidase activities
      in the small intestinal mucosa and the absorptive surface area of the mucosa were
      significantly greater in the GTG-obese group than in the lean group and were
      increased significantly less in the mazindol-treated group.

PMID- 6442713
TI  - Fat infusion and blood coagulation in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal
      cancer.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with stage III and IV esophageal cancer were randomly studied
      to evaluate the influence of fat emulsions (Intralipid) infusion on blood
      coagulation during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The patients were divided
      into two groups: the first group (13 patients) received 24h. TPN; in the second
      group (13 patients) 1000 ml of 10% Intralipid were added to TPN via a peripheral
      vein over a period of 12 h. (1.8-2.1 g/kg/day). Primary hemostasis, platelet
      adhesiveness, alterations in fibrin formation and risk factors were evaluated
      before treatment (Time 0), after 7 days (Time 1) and after 14 days (Time 2).
      Statistical analysis of results was also carried out. On the basis of the
      obtained results it is observed that Intralipid at the administered doses, did
      not cause any alterations in blood coagulation and particularly in platelet
      adhesiveness.

PMID- 6442714
TI  - In vitro activity of chloramphenicol against drug resistant strains of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6442715
TI  - Biosynthesis of chlortetracycline: Part I--oxidative metabolism of L-tyrosine by
      Streptomyces aureofaciens and its relation to the biosynthesis of
      chlortetracycline.

PMID- 6442716
TI  - Endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectins in rabbit tissues.
AB  - Soluble beta-galactoside-specific lectins have been detected in many rabbits
      tissues and are relatively abundant in certain organs. These lectins are
      apparently identical to the lectin in rabbit bone marrow, which may be involved
      in inter-erythroblast associations during differentiation, and are very similar
      in structure and activity to lectins described in a number of species both in
      adult and embryonic tissues. The rabbit lectin is a monomer with a relative
      molecular mass of approximately 12 000 and has a low specific activity in the
      haemagglutination of trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes relative to lectins from
      other species, which are predominantly dimeric. In addition to the major antigen
      two minor isoforms of the rabbit galaptin were detected in all tissues. Since
      these lectins are widely distributed, it seems probable that they are involved in
      cellular functions that are prominent during development and also maintained in
      certain differentiated tissues. Experimental evidence currently available
      suggests that these lectins may be involved in the organization of extracellular
      matrix components.

PMID- 6442717
TI  - Comparison of quick-frozen and chemically fixed sea-urchin eggs: structural
      evidence that cortical granule exocytosis is preceded by a local increase in
      membrane mobility.
AB  - Eggs of the purple sea-urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were fertilized and
      fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde at various stages during cortical granule
      exocytosis. Fixation resulted in membrane blebs being formed precisely at the
      point of incipient granule fusion. These blebs pinched off to form the membranous
      vesicles frequently seen in exocytic pockets and in the perivitelline space. In
      contrast, eggs that were fixed with osmium tetroxide or were quick-frozen without
      chemical fixation, showed no signs of bleb or vesicle formation. Rather, fusion
      of each granule appeared to begin at a single minute pore, 30-50 nm in diameter,
      which then enlarged. We suggest that formation of blebs during glutaraldehyde
      fixation is an artifact that is caused by a highly localized and transient
      increase in membrane mobility. Normally, this increased mobility facilitates
      fusion of granule and plasma membranes, but in the presence of glutaraldehyde it
      leads to large-scale distortions of these fusing membranes.

PMID- 6442718
TI  - Studies on the cytoskeletal and nuclear architecture of Xenopus erythrocytes.
AB  - A proteinaceous cytoskeletal network is present in nucleated erythrocytes, which
      is obscured ultrastructurally in whole cells due to the presence of haemoglobin.
      Lysis of Xenopus erythrocytes in solutions containing Triton X-100 reveals a
      cytoskeleton that contains a centrally positioned nucleus, which is linked to the
      cell surface-associated cytoskeleton by intermediate filaments. The marginal band
      microtubules are also preserved in these structures. In addition, a single or a
      pair of perinuclear centrioles is frequently observed in thin sections. These
      structures are surrounded by a mass of intermediate filaments and fibrogranular
      material. In contrast to the centrioles in invertebrate erythrocytes those in
      Xenopus erythrocytes are not associated with the marginal band. Cytonuclear
      skeletons were obtained by DNase I digestion and subsequent high-salt extraction
      of cytoskeletons. The resulting structures were chromatin-depleted and consisted
      of a nuclear lamina that was maintained in the same overall shape and position as
      that of intact nuclei. With the exception of the marginal band, the remaining
      cytoskeletal elements persisted after these treatments. Although marginal bands
      were not detectable by electron microscopy, the cytonuclear skeletons contained
      roughly the same amount of tubulin as cytoskeletons, as indicated by
      immunoblotting with affinity-purified anti-tubulin antibodies. When intact
      erythrocytes were exposed to the ionophore A23187 in the presence of calcium, the
      cell shape and centric nuclear position were altered. Nuclear dislodgement may be
      attributable to the disruption of intermediate filament associations with the
      subsurface cytoskeletal shell. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of
      cytoskeletons lysed in buffers containing either EGTA or calcium indicates that
      in the absence of calcium, the intermediate filament network extends to the cell
      periphery. In structures lysed in calcium, however, the filaments are restricted
      to the vicinity of the nucleus.

PMID- 6442719
TI  - Effects of natural oestrogen therapy on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin
      system in normotensive and hypertensive menopausal women.
AB  - The blood pressure level and the renin-angiotensin system were investigated in 24
      menopausal women (12 normotensive and 12 hypertensive) before, during and after
      six months of treatment with either oestradiol or trisekvens (sequential
      preparation containing oestradiol, oestriol and norethisterone acetate). In the
      normotensive women no significant alterations in systolic or diastolic blood
      pressure were found during treatment for six months. In the hypertensive women
      systolic blood pressure fell significantly during treatment with oestradiol as
      well as with trisekvens, while diastolic pressure did not change. All individual
      variations of blood pressure were small. The plasma concentrations of renin,
      angiotensin II and aldosterone remained unchanged during the treatments. A
      statistically significant increase in plasma renin substrate concentration was
      observed in all groups with the exception of the normotensive women treated with
      oestradiol. Menopausal symptoms in hypertensive women may safely be treated with
      natural oestrogens on the same indications as used for normotensive women.

PMID- 6442720
TI  - Anti-leprosy vaccines--field trials and future prospects.
AB  - Development of a vaccine for prevention of leprosy is today one of the major
      challenges for bio-medical sciences. Two vaccines containing (i) M. leprae + BCG
      and (ii) ICRC, a cultivable mycobacterium, have reached advanced stage with
      reference to human trials. This article describes comparative features of two
      vaccines and mechanism of their action. Future possibilities with reference to
      anti-leprosy vaccine are also discussed.

PMID- 6442721
TI  - [Children's diarrheal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni].

PMID- 6442722
TI  - [Epidemiology of tsutsugamushi disease in Hokuriku district, Japan. 1. Prevalence
      of antibody to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi].

PMID- 6442723
TI  - [A strain of Shigella boydii serovar 18 isolated in Japan from a diarrhea patient
      after a trip to Southeast Asia].

PMID- 6442724
TI  - [A double-blind clinical evaluation of flurbiprofen on acute upper respiratory
      tract inflammation--comparative study with ibuprofen].

PMID- 6442725
TI  - [Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by using FITC-labeled monoclonal antibodies
      (MicroTrak method)].

PMID- 6442726
TI  - [Therapeutic effects of SM-4300, antibiotics combinations against severe
      bacterial infections in the field of surgery].

PMID- 6442727
TI  - [Clinical picture of acute phase of unresolved pneumonia].

PMID- 6442728
TI  - [Clinical evaluation on SM-4300 for severe infections complicated with
      hematological disorders--a comparative study with cross-over method].

PMID- 6442730
TI  - [Multiple myeloma with two serum M components (IgG-lambda, IgA-kappa) and two
      Bence Jones proteins (lambda, kappa)--evidence for two distinct monoclonal cell
      populations and effects of chemotherapy and plasmapheresis].

PMID- 6442729
TI  - [Experimental chemo- and endocrine-therapy of a human breast carcinoma cell line
      (MCF-7) in vitro and in vivo].

PMID- 6442731
TI  - Chromosomal changes associated with changes in development.
AB  - In the past there has been a tendency to dwell on aspects of chromosomes which
      stress constancy of structure, number and content; even to the extent of
      dismissing exceptions as 'aberrations' or 'oddities'. It is now becoming clear
      that genomes can be quite plastic, and that structural changes to chromosomes are
      an important and often necessary part of normal differentiation and development.
      Elimination of whole chromosome sets or defined portions of genomes is not
      uncommon and selective gene amplification has been shown to be part of normal
      development in both protozoa and higher organisms. Chromosomal rearrangements are
      now a well-documented feature of normal development of, for example, B- and T
      lymphocytes and trypanosomes. Transposable elements, whose mobility may not be
      part of normal developmental processes, can have marked effects on development if
      their transposition takes them to developmentally important genes. This article
      reviews some of the structural changes that occur during normal development, and
      discusses some of the consequences for development when the mechanisms which
      bring about these rearrangements go wrong.

PMID- 6442732
TI  - Accumulation and localization of troponin-T in developing hearts of Ambystoma
      mexicanum.
AB  - Troponin-T (Tn-T) expression in developing hearts of axolotls, Ambystoma
      mexicanum, was studied with the use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In precontractile hearts (stage 32/33),
      Tn-T was present in addition to myosin, actin and tropomyosin as evidenced by the
      presence of the protein bands in SDS-gels and by indirect immunofluorescence. Tn
      T was localized in amorphous collections at the peripheries of these
      precontractile cells. Hearts of normal and cardiac lethal mutant siblings were
      also analysed for Tn-T expression. No detectable differences in the quantity of
      protein present was observed by gel electrophoresis or by indirect immuno
      fluorescence. The most striking difference concerned the localization of the
      protein. In normal hearts, Tn-T was primarily localized in the I-bands of
      organized myofibrils; however, in mutant cells the Tn-T was localized in
      amorphous collections at the cell peripheries suggesting a reduction of
      myofibrillar organization in these cells. No differences were observed in the
      contractile protein composition between normal and mutant embryonic hearts by gel
      electrophoresis experiments.

PMID- 6442733
TI  - Differentiation markers in the Drosophila ovary.
AB  - A library of monoclonal antibodies, raised against imaginal discs of Drosophila
      melanogaster, was screened for binding to differentiation antigens in the adult
      ovary by immunofluorescence. Several lectins were similarly assayed. Two
      antibodies, DOV 1 and DOV 2, and wheat germ agglutinin exhibited binding which
      was restricted to particular stages of ovarian cell differentiation. DOV 2 also
      showed a marked preferential binding to the cell surface of germ line cells in
      the ovary. A differentiation of the portion of the tunica propria covering the
      anterior part of the germarium was revealed by the monoclonal antibody DOV 3.
      Another monoclonal antibody, DOV 4, identified a molecular specialization of the
      chorion at the tip of the micropyle. These markers should provide tools for the
      molecular analysis of oogenesis.

PMID- 6442734
TI  - Combined effects of radiosensitizers and radioprotectors on cultured mammalian
      cells to Co-60 gamma-rays.

PMID- 6442735
TI  - A brucellosis serological survey on beef cattle slaughtered at Cato Ridge
      Abattoir.
AB  - A total of 5059 sera were collected from adult female beef cattle at Cato Ridge
      Abattoir and tested for Brucella abortus antibody levels over the period
      November, 1981 to August, 1982. The sera were screened using the Rose Bengal
      Plate Test, and the Complement Fixation Test was used as the definitive test.
      Seventy-seven sera (1,5%) had titres of 30 IU complement fixing B. abortus
      antibody per ml serum or greater.

PMID- 6442736
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of mastitis pathogens isolated from
      Bloemfontein dairy herds.
AB  - The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with subclinical
      mastitis in Bloemfontein fresh milk dairy herds were determined. A total of 141
      bacterial strains tested, consisted of Staphylococcus aureus (93 strains),
      coagulase negative staphylococci (17), streptococci (12), Corynebacterium bovis
      (8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7) and enterobacteria (4). Antibiotic susceptibility
      was determined qualitatively using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and
      quantitatively by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations using the
      agar dilution method. The utilization of commercial intramammary antibiotic
      preparations on the dairy farms is also discussed. The Gram-positive bacteria
      were generally not exceptionally resistant to the antibiotics tested. S. aureus
      susceptibility figures for penicillin G were 66% and for methicillin (or
      cloxacillin) 100%. The coagulase negative staphylocci in contrast were relatively
      more resistant than the coagulase positive staphylococci. The enterobacteria and
      particularly the P. aeruginosa strains, were extremely resistant to all
      antibiotics tested. In the latter case even carbenicillin and gentamicin
      susceptibility figures were low. A general mastitis control programme is
      discussed.

PMID- 6442737
TI  - Multi-district equipment management.
AB  - Equipment management covers a wide range of topics including evaluation,
      purchase, maintenance, accident investigation, condemning of equipment and the
      implementation of safety bulletins and hazard notices. Equipment management can
      only be as good as the records maintained; a good paper-filing system can be
      better than a computerized inventory system. This is particularly so in small
      hospitals where the bulk of such records does not present a problem. The DHSS
      evaluation programme has helped to answer many questions regarding which type of
      equipment to purchase. Sheffield has for the last 12 years been fortunate in
      having its own evaluation service. This service is available to all who require
      advice regarding new items of equipment. An equipment test report is produced
      after the evaluation (including manufacturer's comments). A list of evaluations
      is published annually in order to make other interested parties aware of their
      availability. The electromedical maintenance section (which now incorporates
      equipment evaluation) was established about 12 years ago. At that time the staff
      consisted of three technicians and one part-time secretary. There are now 10
      technicians equally divided between two hospital bases, the secretary alternates
      between the two bases. A principal physicist now acts as the section head.

PMID- 6442738
TI  - [A case of macroglobulinemia with pyroglobulin].

PMID- 6442739
TI  - [A case report of multiple myeloma with marked Bence Jones proteinuria but slight
      serum mono component (IgG-kappa), showing lymphoid plasma cells in the bone
      marrow].

PMID- 6442740
TI  - [A case of Evans' syndrome with lupus anticoagulant and cerebral infarction].

PMID- 6442741
TI  - [Clinical study on the effect of human lymphoblastoid interferon in B-cell
      malignancies].

PMID- 6442742
TI  - [A study of the trend of mortality from cirrhosis of the liver in Japan, 1955
      79].

PMID- 6442743
TI  - Biochemical heterogeneity of ornithine carbamoyl transferase(OCT) in patients
      with OCT deficiency.

PMID- 6442744
TI  - Patients with tuberous sclerosis have fibroblasts with normal limits for growth
      characteristics and sensitivities to DNA alkylating agents.

PMID- 6442745
TI  - [A computer-aided bottle selection system by application of integer programming].

PMID- 6442746
TI  - [Search for renal tubular epithelial antigen in membranous glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 6442747
TI  - Discrepancy between the potency of various trypsin inhibitors to inhibit trypsin
      activity and the potency to release biologically active cholecystokinin
      pancreozymin.
AB  - Injection of various trypsin inhibitors into the lumen of the isolated perfused
      rat duodenum increased the amount of biologically active cholecystokinin
      pancreozymin (CCK-BA) in the vascular perfusate. The potency to induce CCK-BA
      release of the various trypsin inhibitors differed. Injection of ethyl p-(6
      guanidinohexanoyloxy) benzoate methanesulfonate (FOY-007; 100 mumol), p-ethoxy
      carbamoyl-thio-6-guanidino caproate phosphate (FOY-129; 110 mumol), 4-(4
      guanidino-benzoyloxy) phenylacetic acid (FOY-251; 128 mumol), N,N-dimethyl
      carbamoylmethyl-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate methanesulfonate (FOY
      305; 80 mumol), and p-aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride (p-ABA, Sigma; 300 mumol)
      caused release of CCK-BA amounting to 1,042, 247, 252, 682, and 302 pM,
      respectively. The potency to induce CCK-BA release was not correlated with the
      potency to inhibit trypsin activity. The present results do not support the
      hypothesis that a negative feed-back regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion is
      exerted by intraluminal trypsin in the rat.

PMID- 6442748
TI  - Cardiac output determined by the CO2 rebreathing method with correlation of lung
      bag volume shrinkage.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of lung-bag volume
      shrinkage on P'VCO2 estimated by the CO2 rebreathing method and to correct its
      effect in calculation of cardiac output. The P'VCO2 was extrapolated with the
      linear relationship between dPACO2/dt and PACO2 during rebreathing. The P'VCO2
      was higher than real mixed PCO2 by 0.82 mmHg at rest, by 1.35 mmHg at 50W, 1.57
      mmHg at 100W, and 3.06 mmHg at 150W considering the effect of lung-bag volume
      shrinkage detected by argon concentration. The cardiac output obtained by the CO2
      rebreathing method with correction of above differences was in good agreement
      with that determined by the acetylene method (r = 0.930, p less than 0.001). When
      the cardiac output was plotted against O2 uptake, our results and the regression
      line were fairly close to the reported regression lines.

PMID- 6442749
TI  - Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)
      Stapf.
AB  - Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., commonly known as lemon grass and used, over
      many years, for medicinal purposes in West Africa, produces a volatile oil on
      steam extraction of its leaves. The antibacterial properties of the essential oil
      have been studied. These activities are shown in two of the three main components
      of the oil identified through chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods.
      While the alpha-citral (geranial) and beta-citral (neral) components individually
      elicit antibacterial action on gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, the
      third component, myrcene, did not show observable antibacterial activity on its
      own. However, myrcene provided enhanced activities when mixed with either of the
      other two main components identified.

PMID- 6442750
TI  - Investigations on Dieffenbachia amoena Gentil. I: Endocrine effects and
      contraceptive activity.
AB  - Contraceptive activity and the correlated endocrine alterations of an aqueous
      extract of the leaves of Dieffenbachia amoena were investigated. In female Wistar
      rats the extract, given for 4 days during the estrous cycle, induced significant
      variations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
      prolactin (PRL) progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol levels. It also determined a
      reversible interruption of the estrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition
      of ovulation.

PMID- 6442751
TI  - Some characteristics of the hyperreactivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      induced in mice by Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
AB  - Mice infected with T. cruzi, Y strain, acquire a high level of susceptibility to
      the effects of bacterial gram-negative LPS. The LD50 of adult female SW mice to
      LPS from S. typhosa, decreases from 450 to 2,5 mcg 10-12 days after T. cruzi
      infection. This hyperreactivity to LPS induced by T. cruzi presents all the
      characteristics of that found in infection caused by many other agents. During
      the acute phase of experimental infection with T. cruzi Y strain, mice generally
      die with a hypovolemic shock very similar to that induced in uninfected animals
      injected with an adequate dose of bacterial endotoxin. There is evidence for and
      against the hypothesis that LPS absorbed from the intestinal tract may be
      involved in the mechanism of death of mice during the acute phase of T. cruzi
      infection.

PMID- 6442752
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: strain selection by different schedules of mouse passage of an
      initially mixed infection.
AB  - From an initial double infection in mice, established by simultaneous and
      equivalent inocula of bloodstream forms of strains Y and F of Trypanosoma cruzi,
      two lines were derived by subinoculations: one (W) passaged every week, the other
      (M) every month. Through biological and biochemical methods only the Y strain was
      identified at the end of the 10th and 16th passages of line W and only the F
      strain at the 2nd and 4th passages of line M. The results illustrate strain
      selection through laboratory manipulation of initially mixed populations of T.
      cruzi.

PMID- 6442753
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: vertebrate and invertebrate cycles in the same mammal host,
      the opossum Didelphis marsupialis.
AB  - Epimastigotes multiplying extracellularly and metacyclic trypomastigotes, stages
      that correspond to the cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the intestinal lumen of its
      insect vector, were consistently found in the lumen of the anal glands of
      opossums Didelphis marsupialis inoculated subcutaneously with infective feces of
      triatomid bugs.

PMID- 6442754
TI  - Apolipoprotein A1 levels in oophorectomized women treated with Org OD 14,
      oestradiol valerate and a placebo.
AB  - Org OD 14 is a synthetic steroid which in animal bioassays displays oestrogenic
      as well as very weak androgenic-anabolic properties. Earlier studies have shown
      that it alleviates oestrogen-deficiency symptoms and retards osteoporosis. OD 14
      can be administered continuously with little effect on the endometrium. The aim
      of this study was to evaluate the effect of OD 14 on apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1),
      the major protein constituent of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, as
      compared with that of oestradiol valerate (E2V) and a placebo. Twenty-two women,
      who had been oophorectomized when undergoing surgical treatment for stage IB or
      IIA cervical carcinoma, were given OD 14 2.5 mg/day, a placebo, and E2V 2 mg/day
      for a period of 6 wk in each case using a double-blind, cross-over method. Serum
      Apo-A1 was determined by electro-immunoassay after each treatment period. There
      was a marked decrease in Apo-A1 after OD 14 as compared with the levels seen
      after the placebo and E2V. This decrease is interpreted as evidence of a strong
      androgenic influence by OD 14. In epidemiological studies low levels of Apo-A1
      have been associated with a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and
      cardiovascular disease. Long-term treatment with OD 14 might therefore be
      hazardous in this respect.

PMID- 6442755
TI  - The management of persistent menopausal symptoms with oestradiol-testosterone
      implants: clinical, lipid and hormonal results.
AB  - Seventeen patients attending two menopause clinics were treated with combined
      subcutaneous implants of oestradiol (40 mg) and testosterone (100 mg), because
      oral oestrogens had not provided adequate symptomatic relief, particularly of
      decreased libido. There were significant improvements in libido, enjoyment of sex
      and tiredness (P less than 0.01), and in lack of concentration (P less than
      0.05), but there was no significant change in flushes, sweats and depression.
      Based on an analogue scale, libido increased from a mean basal score of 13.5 to a
      maximum of 86.1 at 3 mth. Symptomatic improvement was maintained for 4-6 mth.
      There were no significant changes in total serum cholesterol and triglycerides
      nor in cholesterol subfractions. When expressed as a percentage of the preimplant
      values, maximal changes in hormonal parameters were observed at 1 mth. Thus,
      follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was 53% of basal, luteinising hormone (LH)
      54%, oestradiol 186%, total testosterone 291%, and free testosterone 342%. Only 1
      patient complained of hirsutism and weight gain. We conclude that the hormonal
      implants provided substantial symptomatic relief, particularly of loss of libido,
      while causing rises to mid-follicular concentrations of oestradiol and maximal
      testosterone levels about three times normal, without significant effects on
      plasma lipids.

PMID- 6442756
TI  - Enhancement of endotoxicity and reactivity with carbocyanine dye by sonication of
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - The specificity of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in the carbocyanine dye
      reaction was investigated, and then a stoichiometric study of the dye-LPS
      interaction was conducted with attention to the relationship of biological
      activities of LPS to the reactivity with the dye. Absorption maxima of some
      bacterial components in the dye reaction were as follows; LPS from both
      Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lipid A from E. coli LPS, 465 nm;
      Shigella flexneri LPS, 460 nm; Salmonella minnesota R595 glycolipid, 470 nm;
      polysaccharide from E. coli LPS, 650 nm; yeast RNA, 620 nm; streptococcal M
      protein and pyrogenic exotoxin, 610 nm; and free fatty acids, 445-450 nm. The
      absorbance at 465 nm was increased approximately threefold by sonicating LPS for
      1-3 min, which roughly paralleled the decrease in turbidity of the LPS aqueous
      solution. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) gelation activity of LPS increased
      10-fold when LPS was sonicated for 0.5-5 min, but it decreased to the control
      level after further treatment. This decrease, however, was overcome by sonication
      in the presence of 5 mmol of L-ascorbic acid used as an antioxidant. The LAL
      gelation activity of LPS was inactivated in parallel with an increase in the
      ratio (w/w) of dye to LPS from 1.73 to 6.90 in the dye-LPS mixture. Pyrogenicity
      of LPS was also clearly inactivated when the ratio was over 1.73. The ratios of
      the height of the beta band at 465 nm (dye-LPS complex) to that of the alpha band
      at 510 nm (free dye) were increased by sonicating LPS, indicating that the
      binding character, or stacking tendency, was increased by sonicating LPS.

PMID- 6442757
TI  - Experimental infection in newborn mice and rats by hemorrhagic fever with renal
      syndrome (HFRS) virus.
AB  - Newborn mice and rats were inoculated intracerebrally (ic) or intraperitoneally
      (ip) with Hantaan virus (76-118 strain) or HFRS-related virus (B-1 strain). The
      mortality and the influence on the increase of body weight in newborn mice were
      higher in the groups infected with the 76-118 strain than in the groups infected
      with the B-1 strain, while the B-1 strain was more virulent in rats than the 76
      118 strain. Virus isolation from rats inoculated with either strain was attempted
      7 and 11 weeks after inoculation. Virus could be isolated from various organs of
      rats infected with the B-1 strain, while it was recovered from only the brain and
      lungs of rats infected with the 76-118 strain. Viral antigen was readily detected
      in various organs of rats infected with the B-1 strain, but the amount and
      distribution of antigens were less in rats infected with the 76-118 strain. Our
      results suggest that the virulence of HFRS-related virus is variable, depending
      on the species of infected animals as well as on the virus strains. The virus
      also persists in the injected animals with high titers of antibodies for at least
      11 weeks.

PMID- 6442758
TI  - Phenomenology and theoretical basis of tolerance and dependence.

PMID- 6442759
TI  - Contributions of neuropharmacology to understanding mechanisms of tolerance and
      dependence.
AB  - In summary, many of our once generally accepted ideas about tolerance and
      dependence have been revised as the result of neuropharmacological research.
      Included among these concepts are the following: Although tolerance and
      dependence are usually linked, they appear to be separable phenomena in some
      instances. Further exploration into each should be profitable. Although chronic
      administration of a drug is usually required to produce tolerance and dependence,
      even a single dose can result in these effects under certain conditions. That
      fact may provide us with clues as to the neuroadaptive changes occurring during
      the development of tolerance and dependence. A fruitful line of research emanates
      from the findings that tolerance may be pharmacokinetic or neuronal and that time
      of receptor occupancy appears to be a vital factor in neuronal tolerance. It is
      now known that tolerance does not develop equally to all actions of a drug and
      reverse tolerance (increased responsiveness) can occur. Further studies along
      these lines are needed to correct many false assumptions about this issue and to
      shed new light on the receptors and transmitter systems involved. We now accept
      the notion that a drug usually exerts effects on more than one receptor type or
      subtype. Consequently, the actions of drugs on the various receptors and the
      responses to receptor blockade promise to yield significant new knowledge about
      the mechanisms involved in tolerance and dependence to a wide variety of drugs.
      We have become increasingly aware of species differences and genetic determinants
      of responses to drugs of abuse, after both acute and chronic dosing. Other papers
      in this volume will focus on this topic.

PMID- 6442760
TI  - Barbiturate tolerance and physical dependence: contribution of pharmacological
      factors.

PMID- 6442761
TI  - Behavioral and biochemical studies in rats after chronic exposure to nicotine.

PMID- 6442762
TI  - Various factors which affect the rate of development of tolerance and physical
      dependence to abused drugs.

PMID- 6442763
TI  - Genetic determinants of responses to drugs of abuse: an evaluation of research
      strategies.

PMID- 6442764
TI  - Time course of indium-111 oxine labelling of human leukocytes.

PMID- 6442765
TI  - Serodiagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis by ELISA and immunofluorescence tests.
AB  - Sera from non-infected cattle and cattle infected with Anaplasma, Babesia,
      Theileria and Sarcocystis were tested for antibodies to Besnoitia in ELISA and
      immunofluorescence tests (IFT) with Besnoitia besnoiti of blue wildebeest origin
      as antigen. Only 2 out of 86 sera gave false positive reactions in ELISA and none
      in the IFT, indicating a high specificity for the tests. Three-hundred-and-three
      bovine sera from 3 farms in an area endemic for besnoitiosis were similarly
      tested and the results were correlated with clinical findings based on visual
      inspection for typical symptoms and the presence of cysts in the scleral
      conjunctiva. Most of the positive tests were observed in cattle older than 1
      year. Of the cases with scleral cysts, 68,7% were positive in the ELISA and
      81,74% in the IFT. However, 45,74% (ELISA) and 49,47% (IFT) of the clinically
      negative cattle were clinically positive, indicating a high incidence of
      clinically inapparent infection. These results indicate a relatively low
      sensitivity for these serological tests. An unexpected finding was that the ELISA
      remained negative for at least 60 days after experimental infection of the
      cattle, the maximum period for which tests were done, whereas the IFT became
      positive. No antibodies against B. besnoiti could be found in human sera.
      Besnoitia jellisoni antigen gave positive results with B. besnoiti antibodies in
      ELISA, but not in the IFT.

PMID- 6442766
TI  - [Phenytoin-induced paroxysmal choreoathetosis].

PMID- 6442767
TI  - Effect of demeclocycline on the renal tubule of patients with cirrhosis of the
      liver.

PMID- 6442768
TI  - [Chronic lead poisoning in childhood: clinical experience].
AB  - Since 1978, 818 children living near an industrial source of pollution have been
      screened for lead poisoning. Biochemical evidences of increased lead absorption
      have been found in 114 cases and in 62 of them it was of such degree to guarantee
      further investigations. Those 62 children received a thorough neuropsychologic
      evaluation revealing a significant reduction of IQ, learning difficulties, poor
      concentration and behavioral abnormalities. We also documented an increased rate
      of abnormal mathafases and breaks of chromatides in children with increased lead
      absorption compared with age and sex matched controls.

PMID- 6442769
TI  - [Intestinal infections in the course of continuous elemental enteral feeding by
      way of the jejunum in the infant].
AB  - The authors take an interest in the study of the intestinal infections during
      continuous enteral elemental feeding by jejunum in infants. They discuss the
      pathogenesis and indicate the measures in order to prevent that complications.
      The Authors report 9 cases of infants on whom an enteral (jejunal) elemental
      feeding was made up: on the basis of their experiences they consider that the
      occurrence of intestinal infections does not compromise the employing of the
      enteral feeding in front of other methods of artificial nutrition.

PMID- 6442770
TI  - [Cutaneous, radiologic and endocrinologic aspects of adrenoleukodystrophy].
AB  - A case of adrenoleucodistrophy in a 9 year old boy is reported. At onset,
      strabismo, skin hyperpigmentation, difficulty in deambulation and retarded
      writing and language capability were seen. The child's condition rapidly
      worsened. Normal hemochrome, urine tests, azotemia, blood calcium levels,
      alkaline phosphate, aminoaciduria and lipidogram values were found. EEG showed
      diffused slow activity mainly bilaterally at the anterior deviations. TAC
      revealed hypodense grey matter, especially in the parietal zone, a typical
      finding in leucodystrophy (Cattarossi e coll., 1981). Cellular biopsy showed
      modifications of the fibrocells, considered indicative of this condition. The
      study of the hypothalamic hypophyseal - adrenal - gonadal axis showed a
      significant increase of LH and RH after stimulation, increased testosterone and
      androstenedione and reduced basal plasma cortisol, and after stimulation, levels.
      These findings suggest that hyposurrenalism may be secondary to 21 - hydroxylase
      deficiency.

PMID- 6442771
TI  - [Postoperative duodeno-cutaneous fistula in an infant: conservative treatment,
      total parenteral nutrition].
AB  - In case of duodeno-cutaneous fistula conservative treatment is advisable. Its
      successful results, also due to fundamental T.P.N. support and continuous naso
      gastric suction, has been obtained in an infant with nesidioblastosis, treated by
      staged pancreatectomy.

PMID- 6442772
TI  - [Lawrence Moon Biedl Bardet, a polymorphic syndrome].
AB  - The Laurence Moon Biedl Bardet syndrome is a polymorphous disease whose
      pathogenesis is still obscure. It is characterize by obesity, oligophrenia,
      polidactylia, retinitis pigmentosa, hipogonadism, but often there are various
      others symptoms. AA describe two cases. After a short explanation of de main
      features of this disease, they dwell upon the study of clinical objective
      symtomatology and upon instrumental and laboratory parameters regarding hormonal,
      metabolic and functional order of various organs and apparatuses. Both cases
      present all classic symptoms of this disease. In the first case we have noticed a
      deficit in LH and FSH, besides we have also noticed an asymmetry of the lateral
      ventricles of the brain prevalently on the right and a small increase in 17-KS
      and 17-OH-KS urinary. On the contrary in the second case we have noticed an EEG
      of epileptic type.

PMID- 6442773
TI  - Antiaggregatory effects of flavonoids in vivo and their influence on lipoxygenase
      and cyclooxygenase in vitro.
AB  - Quercetin, rutin and troxerutin were found to inhibit platelet aggregation on
      collagen strip superfused with blood of anesthetized cats. Quercetin was the most
      potent acting at the dose of 1 micrograms/kg. Its effect was shortlasting.
      Troxerutin was a weak inhibitor of platelet aggregation and its effect was
      delayed. Quercetin inhibited in 50% 15-lipoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase in vitro
      at the concentration of 1.3 microm and 13 microM respectively. It stimulated
      cyclooxygenase when 100 microM of arachidonic acid was applied. Quercetin
      inhibited cyclooxygenase in the presence of 1.6 microM of substrate. Rutin was a
      weaker inhibitor of lipoxygenase. Troxerutin was inactive in all experiments in
      vitro. It is concluded that unusually strong effect of quercetin in vivo can be
      explained neither by its influence on cyclooxygenase nor on lipoxygenase because
      the effects in vitro were observed in much higher concentrations.

PMID- 6442774
TI  - Albumin is one of lipoxygenase inhibitors in serum.
AB  - The present study indicates that serum albumin is, at least in part, responsible
      for the previously described inhibition of lipoxygenase by serum. Albumin
      inhibited oxygen consumption by soybean lipoxygenase. This inhibition increased
      after boiling of albumin in 0.4% solution at pH 7. The inhibition was abolished
      when the protein was precipitated this inhibition was a result of binding of
      substrate to albumin. Drugs possessing high affinity to albumin abolished its
      inhibitory effect.

PMID- 6442776
TI  - Comparison of electrophysiologic and metabolic changes in the human epileptic
      cortex.

PMID- 6442775
TI  - Synthesis of new 4 and 5 disubstituted isothiazoles.
AB  - Synthesis of 24 new 4 and 5 substituted isothiazole derivatives, containing
      hydrazine and amino groups at the position 5, and carboxyl, ester, amide,
      hydrazide, nitrile or ureido group in the position 4 is described. Compounds 4,
      6, 8 and 19 show antiinflammatory activity, compound 14 has antiaggregatory
      properties.

PMID- 6442777
TI  - [Molecular bases of lipidoses].

PMID- 6442778
TI  - [Analysis of molecular diversity of neurons through monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 6442779
TI  - [Spondylo-discitis in drug addicts].

PMID- 6442780
TI  - [Perinatal hemolytic disease caused by anti-c. A clinical case].

PMID- 6442781
TI  - [Acute diarrheal diseases in children. II].

PMID- 6442782
TI  - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension in the 5- to l4-year-old population (a
      longitudinal study of an unselected population of 27,000 children)].

PMID- 6442783
TI  - [Causes of primary amenorrhea in children].

PMID- 6442784
TI  - [Treatment of acute diarrheal diseases].

PMID- 6442785
TI  - Noradrenaline content of the hypothalamus and brain-stem of rats inoculated with
      Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6442786
TI  - Specific humoral depression in chronic patients infected by Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6442787
TI  - Misery of functionalism. Biological function: a misleading concept.

PMID- 6442788
TI  - [The end of clinical freedom].

PMID- 6442789
TI  - [A study on accidental needle punctures in the Legnano hospital].

PMID- 6442790
TI  - [Health education participation: when the aged become the subject of research].

PMID- 6442791
TI  - [Is nursing any business of doctors? A simple guide to the nursing process].

PMID- 6442792
TI  - [A reply to "Simple guide to the nursing process" by Professor Mitchell].

PMID- 6442794
TI  - [3rd European Congress on Nuclear Disarmament, Perugia, 17-21 July 1984].

PMID- 6442793
TI  - [Therapy of arterial hypertension: benefits and risks].

PMID- 6442795
TI  - Detoxification of genotoxic compounds as a threshold mechanism limiting their
      carcinogenicity.
AB  - In vitro metabolic trends were assessed for 100 genotoxic agents detected in two
      bacterial test systems, i.e., the Ames reversion test and a liquid DNA-repair
      test in Escherichia coli. Seventy-five compounds were found to undergo a more or
      less pronounced decrease of genotoxicity, in at least one of these models, in the
      presence of rat liver homogenates or in other metabolic systems (up to 40
      different preparations, from various sources, for chromium compounds). A number
      of these deactivable compounds are reported in the literature to yield negative
      or equivocal results in animal carcinogenicity assays, which may imply the
      existence of metabolically regulated thresholds in the initiation of cancer.
      Several examples are provided to support this hypothesis. The in vitro treatment
      with a pharmacologic agent (N-acetylcysteine) enhanced detoxification mechanisms,
      either by stimulating enzyme activities promoting glutathione formation in liver
      homogenates or by reacting itself with direct-acting mutagens and with the
      genotoxic metabolites of procarcinogens.

PMID- 6442796
TI  - Effects of succinate on amino acid incorporation into protein during chemical
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - The starting point of this study is the observation that succinate, the well
      known Krebs cycle intermediate, strongly inhibits the incorporation of amino
      acids into protein of tissue slices. The results presented in this paper show
      that this somewhat peculiar succinate effect, which is present in regenerating
      liver and in a well-differentiated hepatoma and absent in two anaplastic
      hepatomas, is well-marked in all stages of hepatic carcinogenesis by N,N'
      dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene. A working hypothesis is that the inhibition by
      succinate of the amino acid incorporation into protein is mediated by a shift of
      the redox level in the cell toward a more reduced condition.

PMID- 6442797
TI  - [Polychlorine pesticide and polychlorobiphenyl compound residues in fish from the
      southern Baltic Sea 1981].

PMID- 6442798
TI  - Effect of meciadanol on gastric secretion and aspirin-induced gastric mucosal
      injury in humans.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a newly synthesized flavonoid,
      meciadanol, on gastric secretion and on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in
      healthy humans. In vitro experiments have shown that meciadanol (INN proposed)
      inhibits histidine decarboxylase in gastric cells. In our study meciadanol did
      not affect either basal or pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion or
      pepsin secretion and did not produce any endoscopic or histological changes in
      the stomach or duodenum. Meciadanol prevented aspirin-induced microbleeding and
      aspirin-induced DNA loss, suggesting that gastric mucosal histamine is involved
      in the mucosal injury caused by aspirin.

PMID- 6442799
TI  - Reversible internal hydrocephalus complicating diabetic keto-acidosis.

PMID- 6442801
TI  - [Herniation of a bladder diverticulum into the inguinoscrotal region].

PMID- 6442800
TI  - [Hormonal and spermatologic controls in patients operated on for monolateral
      torsion of the spermatic cord].

PMID- 6442802
TI  - Effect of varying dialysate temperature on hemodialysis hypoxemia.

PMID- 6442803
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: the answer to starvation in acute renal
      failure?

PMID- 6442804
TI  - Platelet dysfunction and its life span in uremia.

PMID- 6442805
TI  - Dialysis hemosiderosis mimicking non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6442806
TI  - A simple method for extended heart-lung preservation by autoperfusion.
AB  - A modification of Robicsek's autoperfusing heart-lung preparation preserved
      normal structure in the canine lung for 8 hrs and in the heart for 12 hrs.
      Applicable to both heart and heart-lung transplantation, the system would permit
      a safe extension of preservation time limits.

PMID- 6442807
TI  - Plasma exchange therapy in acute renal failure due to light chain myeloma.

PMID- 6442808
TI  - Nonpredictability of long-term in vivo response from short-term in vitro or ex
      vivo blood-material interactions.

PMID- 6442809
TI  - Encapsulated human islet transplants in diabetic rats.

PMID- 6442810
TI  - An integrated approach to the treatment of patients with multiple organ system
      failure requiring intensive nutritional support and hemodialysis.

PMID- 6442811
TI  - Experience with a valveless, implantable abdominal aortic counterpulsating
      device.

PMID- 6442812
TI  - Acid base values, hypoxemia in diabetic patients on acetate and bicarbonate
      dialysis.

PMID- 6442813
TI  - Circulatory maintenance with a single artificial heart.

PMID- 6442814
TI  - Flow characteristics of Kolobow system for extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R).

PMID- 6442815
TI  - Extracorporeal gas exchange, lung transplantation, and the artificial lung.
AB  - The potential for lung damage from mechanical ventilation may be much greater
      than has been realized in the past. Prior studies of extracorporeal support in
      adults were carried out after patients had been subjected to high airway pressure
      and hyperventilation for several days. The studies by Gatinoni supported by
      Kolobow would suggest that earlier application of extracorporeal gas exchange to
      remove CO2 may be more effective in salvaging the lung, particularly if applied
      before ventilator-induced lung damage has occurred. These challenging studies,
      combined with the successful application of extracorporeal support in infants,
      should stimulate new investigations of extracorporeal support in adult
      respiratory failure. Extracorporeal support may be a valuable adjunct to lung
      transplantation if transient pulmonary failure occurs following that operation.
      However, lung transplantation for acute respiratory failure in a patient who is
      being supported with ECMO is not recommended. The feasibiilty of an implantable
      lung has been demonstrated in animals for short periods of time. Continuing
      studies in this area should be encouraged, particularly before the establishment
      of a lungless animal preparation to determine some of the nonrespiratory
      functions of the lung.

PMID- 6442816
TI  - GTP binding protein: properties and lack of activation by phosphorylated
      rhodopsin.
AB  - Taking advantage of the capability of GTP binding protein to bind GTP, we
      purified the catalytic subunit (G alpha) of bovine rod GTP binding protein by
      nucleotide-affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL6B. Purified G alpha was
      essentially free of bound guanine nucleotide and activated by photoactivated rod
      membranes. Circular dichroism spectra suggested that a significant portion of the
      protein would be in alpha-helical conformation. No appreciable differences were
      detected in the circular dichroism spectra when G alpha . GDP and G alpha . GppNp
      were compared. The extent of G protein activation by rod membranes was reduced
      moderately by phosphorylation of rhodopsin during photolysis. However, if the
      pigment had been phosphorylated and regenerated, the ability of rhodopsin to
      activate G protein was markedly suppressed.

PMID- 6442817
TI  - [T-proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes. IV. Isolation of T1-protein using affinity
      chromatography on immobilized fibrinogen].
AB  - T-protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, type 1 (strain SF 130 Griffith) was
      extracted by enzymatic treatment of the cells with trypsin and partially purified
      by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel chromatography on
      ultrogel ACA 44. The crude T protein still showing serologically type specific
      and cross reactions finally was applied to a fibrinogen sepharose column.
      Components eluted with the neutral buffer (0.05 M phosphate, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.02%
      NaN3, pH 7.0) reacted serologically in the same manner as the crude T protein. By
      using 0.1 M citrate, 6 M urea pH 3.0 buffer a type specifically reacting protein
      (T1-TRYP-F) was eluted from the fibrinogen column. T1-TRYP-F showed identical
      precipitation lines with the recently characterized T1-protein (T1-TRYP-I)
      purified by immunochromatography on type specific anti-T antibodies. Comparison
      of the SDS-patterns of T1-TRYP-F and T1-TRYP-I revealed a less complex molecular
      size subunit structure for the fibrinogen binding T1-TRYP-F (two bands of 60000
      and 70000) as found for T1-TRYP-I, which showed serologically active peptides
      between 30000 to about 500000. It is discussed that T protein also may be linked
      covalently with fibrinogen receptors as it has been reported for M protein.

PMID- 6442818
TI  - Serotaxonomical analyses of strains referred to Nocardia amarae and Rhodococcus
      equi.
AB  - Four strains of Nocardia amarae and four strains of Rhodococcus equi (earlier
      designated Corynebacterium equi) were analysed by means of the comparative
      immunodiffusion technique for taxonomical purposes. Nineteen reference
      precipitation systems, representing different species of Corynebacterium,
      Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, and related taxa were
      employed. The N. amarae strains differed serologically from the reference strains
      of Nocardia and their assignment to the latter genus was therefore questioned.
      Furthermore, the results provided additional evidence for the view that R. equi
      belongs to the genus Rhodococcus and not to the genus Corynebacterium.

PMID- 6442819
TI  - [A case of acquired hemophilia].

PMID- 6442820
TI  - Immunological properties of M. leprae culture isolates ICRC bacilli: hypothesis
      on relationship between M. leprae and ML-culture isolates.
AB  - The M. leprae-culture isolate, being a culture, is identified by biochemical
      criteria. Majority belong to either M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulacieum
      complex, or corynobacterium group. The identification is also determined by
      serological methods using soluble sonicates. Skin tests with heat-killed
      suspension often give positive Mitsuda response and hence the isolates are
      discarded as non-M. leprae. The data on ICRC strains show that Dharmendra type
      antigen prepared from ICRC bacilli compares very well with lepromin in
      lepromatous patients. The CMI/DTH tests in mice by FPE and LMI technique have
      experimentally demonstrated that ICRC bacillus is the first cultivable
      mycobacterium that can sensitize mice against lepromin. These data also brought
      out antigenic differences between the ICRC strains. The clinical trial on ICRC
      vaccine has shown that the ICRC bacilli is immunogenic in Man. The biochemical
      data on ICRC strain show that they possess DOPA-Oxidase and can express
      biochemical character of 9/10 similarity index with M. leprae with appropriate
      substrates in the medium. Thus, the ICRC strains possess both M. leprae and M.
      avium characters. An hypothesis is proposed to explain these observations--The
      'Janus face' of M. leprae--by proposing a relationship between M. leprae and its
      culture isolates, e.g. ICRC bacilli (1). The M. leprae-culture isolate may by a
      recombinent of M. leprae with M. avium background (2). The ML-isolate may express
      the CMI related antigenic determinants corresponding to that of M. leprae in the
      biopsy (3). The CMI related antigens of whole bacilli in the ML-culture isolate
      may be inducing type as against only eliciting antigen expressed by M. leprae
      (4). Recombination may provide immunogenicity as well as 'in vitro' growth
      potential to the ML-culture isolate (5). Absence or failure to express inducing
      antigen by M. leprae maybe alternate biological escape mechanism from immune
      surveillance for survival in vivo, with or without suppressor mechanisms.

PMID- 6442821
TI  - Exchange of material between the extracellular medium and macrophage phagosomes
      containing different species of bacteria including mycobacteria.
AB  - Pathogenic mycobacteria survive and multiply once they have infected macrophages.
      The aim of the present work was to determine whether the persistence of
      pathogenic bacteria such as M. avium inside the host cell phagosomes had any
      effect on the exchanges that normally occur between the extracellular medium and
      the macrophage vacuolar compartment. Our results indicate that fusions between
      phagosomes and lysosomes or/and incoming pinosomes appear to be slowed down by
      the presence of mycobacteria and even partially inhibited when phagosomes contain
      viable pathogenic mycobacteria.

PMID- 6442822
TI  - Further observations on the mycobacteriophage D29-mycobacterial interactions.

PMID- 6442823
TI  - Tissue oxygenation in normal and edematous brain cortex during arterial
      hypocapnia.

PMID- 6442824
TI  - Determination of pulmonary parameters (VA, DLO2) from arterial O2 and CO2 partial
      pressures during exercise.

PMID- 6442825
TI  - Compact CO2 gas analyzer with favourable signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
      using special fluorescence sensors (optodes) illuminated by blue LED's.

PMID- 6442826
TI  - A digital model for determining oxygen consumption in tissue.

PMID- 6442827
TI  - Nutritional studies on Spirulina maxima.
AB  - This study was designed to explore the nutritional value of proteins derived from
      algal biomasses of genus Spirulina maxima, with a view to the possible use of
      such proteins in human alimentation. Recently the use of such biomasses has
      commanded attention both as an alternative source of alimentary protein and as a
      coadjuvant in diet treatment requiring a reduced caloric intake - this because
      these substances seem to prolong gastric transit time and so produce a feeling of
      satiety. Our research was conducted in young growing rats; it provided
      confirmation of the validity of Spirulina as a protein source in terms of good
      weight gains by the test animals and freedom from adverse effects; the same
      research, on the other hand, failed to confirm the effectiveness of these protein
      materials in reducing caloric intake: throughout the test period, indeed, feed
      consumption (hence caloric intake) was practically the same in the control lot
      and in animals receiving Spirulina protein.

PMID- 6442828
TI  - An arachnoid cyst in an 8-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Although associations of a variety of developmental abnormalities of the brain
      and the spinal cord with neurofibromatosis have been reported, association of a
      cerebral arachnoid cyst with neurofibromatosis is extremely rare. We report the
      second case of this association in an 8-year-old Japanese boy.

PMID- 6442829
TI  - Partial inhibitory seizures: a report on two cases.
AB  - This paper described two epileptic children with the clinical features of tonic
      clonic seizures, brief atonic episodes, drop attacks and myoclonic jerks. Patient
      2 also displayed absences and behavioral disturbance with episodes of minor
      status epilepticus. When the patients held both arms outstretched, polygraphic
      records revealed the spike-and-wave (sp-w) discharges in association with the
      sudden dropping of an outstretched arm. The drops were due to a loss of tone
      recorded in deltoid muscles, and coincided with the slow wave components of
      bilateral sp-w complexes, predominantly on the contralateral side. In the present
      paper, the clinical and electrophysiologic features of this particular type of
      seizure are presented in detail. A cortical origin of these episodes is
      suggested.

PMID- 6442830
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. I. Pathophysiology and clinical
      manifestations.
AB  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is an uncommon, life-threatening disorder
      that affects older children and adolescents as well as adults. A variety of
      theories have been proposed to explain its clinical and pathologic
      manifestations, but the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. It is not even
      clear whether this disease primarily affects the endothelial cell, the platelet,
      or both. Most patients have no discernable predisposition to this disease. Our
      failure to define the pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
      adequately has hampered our ability to design rational and consistently
      successful therapy. The present knowledge of this pathophysiology is discussed in
      detail. The high mortality of this disease necessitates rapid diagnosis so that
      therapy can be instituted as quickly as possible. The clinical manifestations and
      diagnostic criteria of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are therefore
      reviewed.

PMID- 6442831
TI  - Measurement of arterial pressure-dimension relationships in conscious animals.
AB  - Currently, considerable clinical interest exists in the vasoactivity of large
      coronary arteries due to the prevalence of coronary vasospasm in mediating angina
      pectoris and even myocardial infarction. Although arterial elastic properties
      have been studied extensively in acute, anesthetized animal experiments and in
      vitro preparations, few data are available on these properties in conscious,
      chronically instrumented animals, where the complicating influences of
      anesthesia, recent surgery, and acute manipulation of the vessel are minimized.
      To study vascular smooth muscle in the conscious animal we modified the transit
      time dimension measurement technique by designing smaller, higher frequency (7
      MHz) transducers, and introducing electronic refinements to accurately measure
      smaller dimensions (2 mm minimum). We applied this technique to the left
      circumflex coronary (LCC) artery, along with arterial pressure measurements from
      either chronically implantable strain-gauge manometers, or microtip catheter
      manometers, to study dynamic compliance and vascular control mechanisms of these
      arteries for periods of months in conscious, chronically instrumented animals.
      Infusion of an alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor, methoxamine (50
      micrograms/kg/min), caused sustained reduction in LCC diameter (9% +/- 2%) at a
      time when mean arterial pressure rose by 65% +/- 5% and heart rate and mean
      coronary blood flow (electromagnetic flow probe) were returned to control levels.
      Methoxamine induced a marked leftward shift in the pressure-diameter and stress
      radius relationships, reducing vascular caliber for any given stress and pressure
      level. Moreover, smooth-muscle activation raised the effective incremental
      modulus (Einc) of the coronary arterial wall when compared at similar radii, but
      it reduced Einc when compared at similar stress or pressure levels. Thus, for any
      given arterial pressure level the Einc of the LCC artery wall can be reduced
      considerably by the enhanced smooth-muscle activation elicited by methoxamine.
      Nitroglycerin (25 micrograms/kg) induced an initial decrease in LCC diameter as
      pressure fell and LCC blood flow rose. However, dimensions then increased,
      reaching a maximum 5 minutes later, when LCC blood flow was reduced, and heart
      rate and left ventricular dP/dt were at control levels. The calcium-channel
      antagonist, nifedipine, caused similar early changes, with the increase in LCC
      caliber persisting for 46 +/- 5 minutes while LCC blood flow returned to control
      in 15 +/- 3 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6442832
TI  - On some conditions that influence cortical spreading depression.

PMID- 6442834
TI  - Arachidonic acid and its metabolites: intracellular regulators of prolactin
      release in vitro.

PMID- 6442833
TI  - The ionic and metabolic responses associated with neuronal depression of Leao's
      type in cerebral cortex and in hippocampal formation.
AB  - No complete picture of LD has emerged from these observations, but a general
      outline does seem to be sketched out. The missing details can, at present, be
      filled only with speculation. Leao's depression is a process that can be
      initiated by a wide variety of violent insults, mechanical, electrical or
      chemical. It often is preceded by paroxysmal discharge, but the occurrence of a
      seizure is not a necessary condition for its initiation. If it is started at one
      point it slowly spreads and its propagation is possible even through zones of
      gray matter in which impulse generation by neurons is blocked by TTX. LD is
      always associated with cell swelling and with a drastic redistribution of ions,
      which suggest a sieve-like increase of permeability of cell membranes. In most
      cases of LD, neurons are depolarized to the point where all electric signalling
      becomes impossible, but in some instances depolarization remains incomplete, or
      it is not evenly distributed over the neuron's surface, enabling continued
      generation of potential waves even though action potentials are blocked. Strong
      oxidation of NADH to NAD, and the accumulation of much acid in the interstitial
      fluid, indicate the intense metabolic activity during and after an episode of LD,
      presumably as cells work to restore the normal distribution of ions and the
      integrity of their membranes. What starts this process in the first place? Most
      observations are compatible with the hypothesis first proposed by Van Harreveld,
      suggesting that the release from cells of an endogenous substance might initiate
      LD. This auto-toxin may be, but need not be, an excitant amino acid. It is also
      possible that more than one substance may be involved; perhaps two or more agents
      must cooperate to create the conditions for LD, and such a need for the
      simultaneous action of more than one factor could explain the unpredictability of
      its eruption. The curious immunity of the spinal cord to LD may be due to the
      absence of one of the endo-toxins required for its initiation. Elsewhere in the
      brain and in the retina this hypothetical agent or agents may be present in both
      glial and neuronal elements. Any violent insult would cause its (or their)
      spillage into interstitial fluid. Once released from a few cells it (they) would
      impair the continence of the membranes of other cells and thus cause them to
      release their content of ions and with it their own dose of the auto
      poison.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6442835
TI  - Blood bank policy in Israel in relation to AIDS.

PMID- 6442836
TI  - Interleukin regulation of the immune system (IRIS) in male homosexuals with
      acquired immune deficiency disease syndrome.

PMID- 6442837
TI  - Genetic analysis of mammalian spermatogenesis: use of the t complex in the mouse
      in studies of spermatogenesis and sperm function.
AB  - Our observations suggest that sperm populations from the caudae epididymides of
      tw32/+ mice undergo hyperactivation in vitro sooner and to a much greater extent
      than do sperm populations from congenic +/+ mice: (1) epididymal tw32/+ sperm
      populations become significantly less progressive in vitro than do +/+ sperm
      populations; (2) low (0.1 mM) levels of Ca2+ prevent this loss of
      progressiveness; (3) epididymal tw32/+ sperm populations have trajectories and
      progressiveness values similar to both +/+ and tw32/+ oviductal sperm
      populations; (4) an inhibitor of capacitation inhibits the loss of
      progressiveness. This divergence from normal motility may be the result of
      expression of one of the factors involved in transmission distortion of the t
      complex.

PMID- 6442838
TI  - LHRH-like substance in the rat testis.

PMID- 6442839
TI  - Therapeutic considerations and results of gonadotropin treatment in male
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

PMID- 6442840
TI  - Gonadotropin control of spermatogenesis in man: studies of gonadotropin
      administration in spontaneous and experimentally induced hypogonadotropic states.

PMID- 6442841
TI  - Effect of purified and cell-produced extracellular matrix components on Sertoli
      cell function.

PMID- 6442842
TI  - Synergistic effects of Sertoli cell and FSH on Leydig cell function: in vitro
      study.

PMID- 6442843
TI  - Alpha-lactalbumin-like proteins in the male reproductive tract.

PMID- 6442844
TI  - [Effects of the CO2 laser on mandibular bone. Preliminary study].
AB  - A study of the effects of the CO2 laser on bone was undertaken using human
      mandibles obtained from cadavers. Different series of shots were used, varying
      the power and duration of the shots, as well as the latent period between two
      impacts with intermittent shooting. For a given impact duration, the depth of
      penetration increased in proportion to power up to 25 watts. Beyond, penetration
      was less deep but more extensive. For a given intensity, the duration of the shot
      did not result in any variation in penetration. These findings and their possible
      clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 6442845
TI  - Synthesis, pathways and biological implications of eicosanoids.

PMID- 6442846
TI  - Prostaglandins and diabetes.

PMID- 6442847
TI  - Eicosanoids and organ transplantation.

PMID- 6442848
TI  - Seminal plasma immunoglobulins of the Indian buffalo.
AB  - Seminal plasma immunoglobulins of normospermic fertile Indian buffalo bulls were
      investigated using rabbit antibuffalo immunoglobulin (polyvalent) serum, rabbit
      antibuffalo IgG and IgM serums, gel diffusion, and immunoelectrophoretic
      analysis. Immunoglobulin G was the predominant immunoglobulin in the seminal
      plasma of the buffalo. Strong antigenic cross reactions were observed between the
      seminal plasma IgG molecules of the buffalo and cattle, indicating the structural
      homology of seminal plasma IgG of these two species. These observations are in
      accordance with the close taxonomic and phylogenetic relationship between buffalo
      and cattle in the evolution of ruminant species.

PMID- 6442849
TI  - [Phagocytic function of granulocytes in children with protein-calorie
      malnutrition].

PMID- 6442850
TI  - Phage-typing of brucella strains collected in Italy during 1982-83.
AB  - 62 strains of Brucella genus, freshly isolated from man and animals in several
      geographical areas in Italy, were tested for sensitivity to the phages: Tb, Wb,
      Fi, BK2 and R. The strains from human source, all classified like Br. melitensis
      biotype II, had three sensitivity patterns to phages. Some of the strains from
      cattle are Br. abortus biotype I, with the standard sensitivity pattern to the
      phages, but among cattle strains too, the largest part may be classified as Br.
      melitensis biotype II, and shows the same phage sensitivity pattern of the human
      strains. The strains from sheep are Br. melitensis biotype II, with only two
      phage sensitivity pattern; but it is to emphasize that some strains from goats
      are Br. abortus for sensitivity to phage Tb. It is also note the strains from
      buffaloes, which are Br. abortus biotype I with a very high degree of sensitivity
      to all the testes phages, included the R phage, which is supposed active on rough
      strains while these are smooth.

PMID- 6442851
TI  - A case of sudden death in the course of intravenous hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6442852
TI  - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of mucoid and nonmucoid variants of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa by polymorphonuclear leukocytes: effect of specific immune
      sera.
AB  - Nonmucoid variants (NM) of 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were better
      phagocytized and intracellulary killed by rabbit peripheral polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNs) than their mucoid variants (M). The ratios of ingested and
      killed bacteria of both variants significantly increased in the presence of
      immune serum with antibodies against slime and somatic antigen (anti-OM) in the
      phagocytic mixture. Immune sera prepared for slime layer only enhanced the both
      activities of PMNs against M variant. The anti-O sera significantly increased the
      phagocytosis and killing of NM variants belonging to the same serogroup of O
      antigen as the strain used for the preparation of immune serum.

PMID- 6442853
TI  - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by peritoneal
      macrophages of mice.
AB  - The poorly mucoid P. aeruginosa 87 strain was better phagocytized by peritoneal
      macrophages from normal mice than highly mucoid P. aeruginosa 219. However, the
      macrophages killed significantly greater number of mucoid bacterial cells of P.
      219 strain. The immunization of mice with 10, 50 or 100 micrograms of slime
      extract P. 87 or P. 219 did not significantly enhance the phagocytic and
      bactericidal properties of macrophages. The vaccination of animals with viable
      bacterial cells of P. 219 strain, using several schemes of treatment, slightly
      augmented both activities of macrophages but the differences between them and
      control group were statistically not significant. However, the ingestion and
      killing of the bacteria were suppressed when macrophages were harvested from mice
      treated with 200 or 400 micrograms of slime-extract P. 219.

PMID- 6442854
TI  - [Rat basophilic leukemia-1 cell possesses 12-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase
      activities which are specifically inhibited by gossypol acetic acid].

PMID- 6442855
TI  - [The effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the peripheral airway response
      induced by leukotriene D].

PMID- 6442856
TI  - A semi-elemental diet with low osmolarity and high content of hydrolyzed
      lactalbumin in the treatment of acute diarrhea in malnourished children.
AB  - Thirty-eight moderately to severely malnourished children with severe acute or
      subacute diarrhea were treated according to two different feeding schemes,
      divided at random half of the children received semi-elemental diet (SED) with an
      osmolarity of 302 milliosmol per liter, a low lactose content and a relatively
      high content of lactalbumine hydrolysate (1 g/100 ml). The other half of the
      patients received available proprietory formulas or diluted cow's milk with added
      carbohydrates. The results obtained showed that the children who were fed the SED
      had a better average weight gain during the first three weeks of hospitalization
      compared to the control group. The children receiving the SED also required a
      smaller number or rehydrations.

PMID- 6442857
TI  - Carbohydrate malabsorption in infants with diarrhea: diagnostic and evolutive
      aspects.
AB  - Twenty three infants with acute or protracted diarrhea were investigated for
      carbohydrate (CHO) malabsorption during their normal feeding schedules. All
      infants were fed a chicken-meat formula which contained rice flour and
      maltodextrin. End-tidal respiratory H2 concentrations were sequentially evaluated
      in different clinical settings and compared to fecal pH and reducing substances.
      Fecal pH below 6.0 and/or breath H2 greater than 25 ppm were considered evidence
      of CHO malabsorption, as these values disappeared while infants were submitted to
      a trial of CHO withdrawal per os, reappearing after CHO reintroduction. Values of
      fecal pH greater than 6.0 most often (84,2%) occurred along with H2 less than 25
      ppm, thus frequently reflecting a good CHO absorption. pH values below 6.0,
      however, although reflecting CHO malabsorption, did not predict the presence of
      significant H2 concentrations in expired air. In 44.4% of the well-nourished or
      only mildly malnourished infants some evidence of CHO malabsorption was present,
      whereas this occurred in all severely malnourished infants. This last group of
      infants had a longer history of diarrhea prior to admission and needed a longer
      hospitalization. The frequency of H2 values greater than 25 ppm decreased
      progressively during the clinical evolution, along with an increase in CHO
      ingestion, findings possibly related to nutritional improvement. The hydrogen
      breath test and fecal pH allowed the diagnosis of CHO fermentation when applied
      as in this study, without a conventional CHO overload and without previous
      fasting. It did, however, not predict clinical intolerance, as signs of CHO
      malabsorption still occurred in infants whose diarrhea had already subsided.

PMID- 6442858
TI  - Immunogenicity, biochemical and serological characterizations of ribosomal
      preparations from human oral strains of serotypes c and d of the bacterium
      Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Crude ribosomal preparations of Streptococcus mutans C67-1 (serotype c) and 50B4
      (serotype d) contain protein RNA and carbohydrate. Sepharose CL-2B column
      chromatography of preparations yielded two distinct peaks. Cell-wall
      carbohydrates were predominantly present in peak I; the serological activity
      resided mainly in peak II. The preparations contained antigens which cross
      reacted with several streptococcal Lancefield antisera. Antisera prepared against
      the preparations cross-reacted with cell-wall proteins (NaCl extracts) and Ag
      I/II, but not with cell-wall carbohydrate antigens (Rantz-Randall extracts).
      Thus, cell-envelope protein antigens in the preparations appear to be responsible
      for the serological activity. The unique properties of ribosomal preparations
      may, apart from serological cross-reactivity, be useful in the immunological
      protection against dental caries.

PMID- 6442859
TI  - Babesia microti in mice. Subpopulations of cells involved in the adoptive
      transfer of immunity with immune spleen cells.
AB  - Protection against a primary Babesia microti infection in mice, induced by the
      adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells, was abolished when the immune spleen
      cells were treated with mitomycin C prior to transfer. Since mitomycin C
      treatment prevents the replication of lymphocytes without affecting other cell
      functions, these results would suggest that the transferred cells required
      proliferation in the recipient mice before they could exert their protective
      effect, and this excludes the already differentiated antibody-forming cells
      (AFC's), macrophages and sensitised helper T cells. This was partly supported by
      the finding that Sephadex G-10 non-adherent immune cells, depleted of macrophages
      and AFC's, still conferred a strong protection after transfer. However, the
      Sephadex G-10 adherent cells, on a cell to cell basis, initially conferred a
      better protection against B. microti than did the non-adherent cells or
      unfractionated immune spleen cells. The possibility of the retention of an
      intermediate B memory cell type on the Sephadex G-10 columns and the suppression
      of antibody production are discussed in view of these results.

PMID- 6442860
TI  - Isolation of Brucella abortus from supramammary lymph nodes of cattle from
      infected herds vaccinated with low dose strain 19.

PMID- 6442862
TI  - Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in incomplete testicular
      feminization syndrome.
AB  - An 18-year-old 46 XY patient with the syndrome of incomplete testicular
      feminization was investigated. The clinical phenotypic features were distinctive
      and typical of the 4 46 XY cases previously reported. The findings of elevated
      plasma T4 with evidence of incomplete development of female secondary sex
      characteristics suggest partial end organ insensitivity to the androgen at the
      target tissues. This possibility is substantiated by the high plasma LH level,
      presumably the consequence of the relative inability of the hypothalamic
      pituitary unit to respond to testosterone in the feedback regulation of LH
      secretion. It is therefore suggested that, compared to normal males, the patient
      had an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function.

PMID- 6442861
TI  - Comparative study of total urinary oestrogen and first morning urinary oestrogen
      in monitoring gonadotrophin therapy.
AB  - Total 24-hour urinary oestrogen has been used extensively and proven to be
      reliable in monitoring gonadotrophin therapy for induction of ovulation. However,
      the method is time consuming for the patient and incomplete collection, as
      expected, is not uncommon, hence interfering with the treatment result. Oestrone
      3-glucuronide in first morning urine samples has been shown to correlate well
      with plasma oestradiol-17 beta levels during normal menstrual cycles. A
      comparative study was made to examine the correlation between the levels of 24
      hour urinary oestrogen and first morning urinary oestrogen in patients on
      gonadotrophin therapy. Creatinine levels were also determined to exclude the
      factor of variable excretion of oestrogen. The correlation thus found is highly
      significant (p less than 0.001). Hence first morning urinary oestrogen to
      creatinine ratios may be used to replace 24-hour urinary oestrogen in biochemical
      monitoring of gonadotrophin therapy.

PMID- 6442863
TI  - [The mental condition of dentists].

PMID- 6442865
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of gentamicin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 6442864
TI  - Identification of lysine (384) in cytochrome P-450 LM2 as functionally linked
      residue.
AB  - Fluorescein isothiocyanate was selectively bound to the epsilon-amino group of a
      lysine residue of cytochrome P-450 LM2 at rho H 8.15. The decrease in the N
      demethylase activity after modification evidences the functional importance of
      the modified group. After tryptic digestion the FITC-labeled peptide was isolated
      by means of HPLC and its amino acid composition determined. It was shown that the
      FITC-peptide can be attributed to the sequence Gly (379)- Arg (400) and that the
      label is selectively bound to Lys (384).

PMID- 6442867
TI  - [Otomycosis: etiology and analysis of predisposing factors].
AB  - An otomycosis was found in 80 cases of external otitis on a total of 132. Itching
      was the characteristic beginning, rapidly followed by pain, conductive hearing
      loss, tympanic perforation. Aspergillus was isolated in 81.7% of cases: in
      particular, A. niger in 67.1% of cases. A. flavus in 13.4% A. fumigatus in 1.2%.
      Candida albicans was isolated in 11% of cases. A statistical analysis based on
      chi 2 test was performed to evaluate the role of possible predisposing factors.
      Highly significant factors resulted to be working in gardens (P less than 0.005)
      or using mechanical removing devices. Not significant resulted to be swimming,
      water irrigations or antibiotic therapies: however infirmities were often not
      reliable. The above mentioned highly significant factors seem to be able to
      determinate the overlaying of otomycosis.

PMID- 6442866
TI  - Brachial paresis complicating acute non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - We report a case of right arm paresis in a parenteral drug addict suffering from
      acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. His hepatic and neurological symptoms developed
      together with high level of circulating immune complexes, complement activation,
      and false VDRL positivity. Immunological abnormalities normalized with the
      resolution of acute hepatitis and improvement of paresis. These results suggest
      that neurological dysfunctions may complicate non-A, non-B hepatitis. Moreover,
      we postulate an immune-mediated mechanism for neuropathy, via a neuropathic
      activity of circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 6442868
TI  - [Activity of glutaraldehyde solutions against various bacterial strains isolated
      in hospital].

PMID- 6442869
TI  - [Perspectives in anti-arrhythmia pharmacological therapy].

PMID- 6442870
TI  - Effect of thyroid releasing hormone on bladder and urethral pressures.
AB  - In order to explain the pathophysiology of urinary urgency frequency observed
      following the administration of thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) during thyroid
      function testing, simultaneous urethrocystometry was performed in six females
      before and after TRH administration, and in another five females before and after
      administration of normal saline (control group). Within a few minutes following
      TRH administration, a statistically significant and consistent drop in maximal
      urethral pressure and concomitant sensation of urinary urgency in the absence of
      significant changes in true detrusor pressure suggested the presence of a reflex
      neuronally mediated motor component to this sensory effect of urinary urgency.
      The absence of urethral and detrusor pressure changes in the control group
      reinforced the TRH-mediated origin of urinary urgency.

PMID- 6442871
TI  - Germinal aplasia: how it may mimic obstructive azoospermia.
AB  - Six patients with azoospermia due to germinal aplasia are described. It is
      demonstrated that germinal aplasia may be mistakenly diagnosed as azoospermia due
      to ductal obstruction.

PMID- 6442872
TI  - Choosing the right intravesical chemotherapeutic agent. Results of an in vitro
      monolayer cell culture assay.
AB  - The use of a monolayer cell culture technique is described. Twenty-four
      superficial bladder tumours have been tested against Thiotepa, Adriamycin and
      Mitomycin C. Cultures were set up in parallel for a clonogenic assay after the
      method of Salmon. In the monolayer all 24 tumours grew; 21 showed a greater than
      50% inhibition to Mitomycin, 13 to Adriamycin and 6 to Thiotepa. In the
      clonogenic assays, only 12 grew satisfactorily. It is concluded that this
      monolayer assay gives a reasonable prediction of the sensitivities of the
      commonly used intravesical agents.

PMID- 6442873
TI  - Antibiotic resistance resulting from decreased drug accumulation.

PMID- 6442874
TI  - Inducible erythromycin resistance in bacteria.

PMID- 6442875
TI  - Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci.

PMID- 6442876
TI  - Drug resistance in mycobacteria.

PMID- 6442877
TI  - [Partial primary epilepsy].

PMID- 6442879
TI  - [West and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. Their place in epileptic pathology in
      children].

PMID- 6442878
TI  - [Petit mal in children and adolescents].

PMID- 6442880
TI  - [Acute diarrhea in infants in Tunisia].

PMID- 6442881
TI  - [Lactose intolerance treated successfully with the enzyme Kerulac].

PMID- 6442882
TI  - Effect of heterologous combination on competitive nephelometric immunoassay. I.
      Site-heterologous combination for theophylline immunoassay.

PMID- 6442883
TI  - [Papillary recurrence of glioma of the optic nerve].

PMID- 6442884
TI  - [Proposal for the medical treatment of pupillary capture in posterior chamber
      implants].

PMID- 6442885
TI  - [Activity of antibiotics in acrylic cement].

PMID- 6442886
TI  - [Prosthetic shunts in the treatment of neoplastic jaundice].

PMID- 6442887
TI  - [Thymoma associated with pure red blood cell aplasia: report of 3 cases].

PMID- 6442888
TI  - The deleterious effects of myocardial catecholamines on cellular
      electrophysiology and arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion.
AB  - Action potentials and ECGs were recorded from Langendorff perfused guinea pig
      hearts during ischaemia and reperfusion. Arrhythmias were significantly more
      frequent during low flow (10% of control) than zero flow ischaemia and were most
      frequent during reperfusion following 30 minute ischaemia. Arrhythmias during low
      flow ischaemia were preceded by spontaneous recovery in action potential
      amplitude and Vmax and marked shortening of refractory period which did not occur
      during zero flow ischaemia. Reperfusion VF was always preceded by further
      shortening of the action potential. Myocardial catecholamine depletion, by pre
      treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine significantly reduced the incidence of
      arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion. Catecholamine depletion blunted the
      ischaemia-induced reduction in action potential amplitude and Vmax, prevented any
      spontaneous recovery and abolished reperfusion induced shortening of action
      potential duration. Methoxamine given to catecholamine-depleted hearts, having
      only minor effects during normal perfusion, significantly reversed the anti
      arrhythmic and electrophysiological effects of catecholamine depletion during
      ischaemia and reperfusion. Phentolamine and propranolol in anti-arrhythmic
      concentrations, profoundly modified the electrophysiological effects of ischaemia
      and reperfusion. These results suggest that release of endogenous myocardial
      catecholamines contributes through alpha and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation to the
      electrophysiological changes and arrhythmias during myocardial ischaemia and
      reperfusion.

PMID- 6442889
TI  - [Maternal nutrition and fetal growth].

PMID- 6442890
TI  - [Criteria for the evaluation of the nutritional status of children].

PMID- 6442891
TI  - [Etiology of infantile malnutrition: the role of diarrheal disease].

PMID- 6442892
TI  - [Immunocompetence in malnutrition].

PMID- 6442893
TI  - [Lactation and re-induction of lactation].

PMID- 6442894
TI  - [Nutritional and socioeconomic factors in the mental development and scholastic
      achievement].

PMID- 6442896
TI  - [Etiology and epidemiology of enteritis and infective colitis].

PMID- 6442895
TI  - [Feeding of infants who cannot suckle].

PMID- 6442897
TI  - [Treatment of diarrheal disease in newborn infants].

PMID- 6442898
TI  - [Acute diarrheal disease. Treatment of dehydration].

PMID- 6442899
TI  - [Granulomatous hepatitis. Clinicopathological spectrum in 107 cases with liver
      biopsy].

PMID- 6442900
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus. Immuno-epidemiological survey in different samples of the
      Venezuelan population].

PMID- 6442901
TI  - [Culture of bile obtained by direct puncture of the biliary tract. Report of 76
      cases].

PMID- 6442902
TI  - [The delta agent].

PMID- 6442903
TI  - [Round table: Use of vaccine against hepatitis B in Venezuela].

PMID- 6442904
TI  - [Colonic varices. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature].

PMID- 6442905
TI  - [Immunologic characterization of commercial preparations of LH, FSH and HCG].

PMID- 6442906
TI  - [Ovulation induction and pregnancy in a patient with Kallman syndrome].

PMID- 6442907
TI  - Prediction of pO2 and pCO2 of the umbilical artery blood by mathematical analysis
      of fetal heart rate decelerations.

PMID- 6442908
TI  - Coagulation proteins showing abnormal electrophoretic mobility in commercial
      concentrates of factor VIII and prothrombin complex.
AB  - Five commercial factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates and three prothrombin complex
      concentrates (PCC) were studied with reference to the qualitative evaluation of
      factors II, IX, fibronectin, alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP), antithrombin III
      (AT-III) and subunits A and S of FXIII by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and
      von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) by radio-CIE. This latter protein had a
      different pattern with the absence or a decrease of larger forms and the presence
      of a fast-moving precipitating peak, suggesting degradation of the vWF:Ag in
      FVIII concentrates. In contrast, the electrophoretic mobility of fibronectin,
      alpha 2-AP and AT-III was normal. All PCC showed a more anodic mobility of factor
      IX. alpha 2-AP also exhibited a different electrophoretic pattern to that of
      normal plasma. Abnormality of AT-III was also found in heparin-binding studies.
      The techniques used in the purification procedures are probably the mechanism
      responsible for the partial denaturing of these proteins.

PMID- 6442909
TI  - Effect of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on the aggregation of human platelets in
      whole blood in vitro.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The
      effect of PGI2 on platelet aggregation and disaggregation in whole human blood
      was studied at 37 degrees C in vitro. Aggregation or disaggregation was
      quantified by counting single platelets using the recently developed Ultra Flo
      100 Whole Blood Platelet Counter. Aggregation of platelets in whole blood was
      induced by arachidonic acid (AA, 400 microM), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP, 10
      microM), thrombin (0.1 U/ml) and collagen (1 microgram/ml). At peak aggregation,
      each aggregating agent induced about a 90% fall in the number of single platelets
      counted. When whole blood was pre-incubated with PGI2 (0.5-8 nM), it dose
      dependently inhibited aggregation of platelets induced by all four aggregating
      agents. Platelet aggregates induced by ADP or thrombin could rapidly be
      disaggregated by PGI2 added to blood at peak aggregation. Disaggregation of
      collagen-induced platelet aggregation by PGI2 was slow and minimal and it was
      completely ineffective in disaggregating AA-induced platelet aggregates. Unlike
      platelet-rich plasma, which is routinely used to study platelet aggregation, the
      present whole-blood method allows red and white blood cells to exert their
      influences on platelet function, and is an important step towards a physiological
      state for evaluating the effects of pharmacological agents on platelets in whole
      blood in vitro and ex vivo.

PMID- 6442910
TI  - What's provoking different aggregation between arterial and venous platelets in
      the rat?
AB  - The present study was designed to clarify the reason why rat platelets obtained
      from arterial blood show a less marked aggregation than those obtained from
      venous blood, and to investigate the contribution of the vessel wall to this
      phenomenon. Incubation of arterial or venous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with
      papaverine, a phosphodiesterase blocker, resulted in a more marked inhibition of
      the aggregation parameters for arterial than for venous PRP, indicating that a
      cAMP-dependent mechanism is involved. Incubation of PRP in vitro with adenosine
      deaminase did not significantly modify aggregation. Rats treated in vivo with
      different doses of acetylsalicylic acid or of tranylcypromine, two cyclo
      oxygenase inhibitors, abolished the aggregation differences between arterial and
      venous PRP. It is suggested that this difference in platelet behavior may be due
      to a mechanism dependent on a PGI2-like, probably cAMP-related activity in which
      the heart and/or the lungs may play an important role.

PMID- 6442911
TI  - Two cases of alpha heavy chain disease in Venezuelans.
AB  - Two cases of alpha chain disease are described. The clinicopathological features
      of the two patients were very similar, and similar to the numerous cases
      described in the literature, presenting the gastrointestinal form of the disease.
      In both patients the pathological protein was not noticeable in the
      electrophoretic pattern. The diagnosis was established by immunoselection with
      electrophoresis. The alpha-HCD proteins belonged to the alpha 1 subclass and in
      no case was it found in the urine. The patients were young Venezuelan mestizos
      and seem to be the first cases reported in Venezuela.

PMID- 6442912
TI  - Pure red blood cell aplasia associated with paraproteinemia: in vitro studies of
      erythropoiesis.
AB  - Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and monoclonal gammopathy were detected
      simultaneously in a 57 year old man with severe anemia. While erythroid burst
      forming units (BFU-E) were absent from blood, his bone marrow contained a high
      normal number of BFU-E in the absence of morphologically recognizable erythroid
      precursors. Serum from the patient did not inhibit the growth of BFU-E from
      normal blood suggesting that his PRCA was not antibody mediated. These studies
      suggest that in the patient the inability to produce erythrocytes was due to a
      block in the maturation of BFU-E; however, they do not indicate an etiology for
      this block. The absence of blood BFU-E and their abundance in the marrow may
      result from selective trapping of these cells by the marrow-blood barrier.

PMID- 6442913
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Rh factor.
AB  - The incidence of carriers of the Gd(-) gene and the Rh(+) and Rh(-) alleles was
      studied in 10 342 Bulgarian individuals living in 306 villages in 5 districts at
      different altitudes above the sea level. The results showed that the presence of
      the Gd(-) gene is considerably less frequent in Rh(-) than in Rh(+) individuals.
      In populations with a high frequency of G6PD deficiency the frequency of the Rh(
      ) allele is low.

PMID- 6442914
TI  - Comparative myology of the hominoid cranial base. I. The muscular relationships
      and bony attachments of the digastric muscle.
AB  - This paper aims to document accurately the soft tissue anatomy and bony
      attachments of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and other closely
      related muscles in the mastoid region of extant hominoids and fossil hominids.
      Five wet specimens including individuals of Pan, Gorilla and Pongo were dissected
      and described. Eight casts of fossil hominid cranial bases were also studied
      along with measurements and notes made from the same original fossil hominid
      specimens to assess their soft tissue markings in the light of the findings for
      the three great apes. The results indicate that whereas the attachment of the
      posterior belly of the digastric muscle in Homo sapiens is associated with a deep
      groove or fossa, it originates from a widened area and leaves no bony markings on
      the cranial base of the three great apes. Following a change in the position of
      the foramen magnum and the occipital condyles in hominids and H. sapiens the
      insertion of the posterior belly of the digastric has remained posteriorly
      positioned but has become compressed into a deep groove. It is likely that this
      has come about by the displacement of the more medial soft tissue structures
      which have been moved laterally away from the occipital condyles.

PMID- 6442915
TI  - [The anticomplementary activity of 2 intravenous gamma globulin preparations in
      children with acute lymphatic leukemia].
AB  - Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia received gammaglobulin replacement
      therapy using either one of two i.v. gammaglobulin preparations in order to
      reduce the frequency and severity of infections during cytostatic treatment. Sera
      and EDTA-plasma taken prior to each infusion and following each infusion were
      analyzed for several complement components and immune complexes in order to
      assess in vivo anticomplementary activity. Preliminary data published in this
      paper show only little changes in the complement system. This may be related to
      fact that infusions were well tolerated. IgG-levels could be raised for more than
      200 mg/dl by administration of doses around 150 mg/kg body weight.

PMID- 6442916
TI  - [Variable immune deficiency syndrome with antibody deficiency--long-term
      substitution with immunoglobulins].
AB  - We report on our experience with intravenous serum immunoglobulin therapy in five
      patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. Our results support earlier
      observations that the immunoglobulin preparations used by us, namely
      Sandoglobulin and Polyglobin, are both effective in preventing severe infections
      and free of severe side effects. Essential clinical and laboratory findings of
      our patients are shown. We also point to the pathogenetic heterogeneity of these
      diseases as demonstrated by cell marker studies of lymphocyte subpopulations
      (anti immunoglobulin antisera and monoclonal OKT-antibodies). Finally we show in
      preliminary kinetic studies that the reduction of serum IgG-levels varies after
      administration of the same dose of IgG intraindividually in long-term follow-up.
      Further studies are required to demonstrate whether this variability is due to
      variable immunoglobulin synthesis and/or variable catabolism or elimination of
      administered immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6442918
TI  - Detection of prolactin and LH releasing activity in mid-term human fetal
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6442917
TI  - [Listeriosis: case report and repetitorium].
AB  - Three cases of listeriosis are presented: The first patient was a 72-year-old
      man, who had an operative removal of a thymom one and a half year ago. In 1983 he
      developed polyradiculitis and was treated with cortison. Three months later he
      developed meningeal symptoms. In the cerebrospinal fluid 10(5) per ml Listeria
      monocytogenes could be isolated. Under treatment with chloramphenicol and
      gentamycin he was cured. The second case was a female 84-year-old patient, who
      suddenly developed drowsiness and meningism. In the cerebrospinal fluid Listeria
      in low concentration was isolated. In spite of therapy with penicillin G and
      gentamycin in high dosage the patient got centralnervous spasms and died on the
      second day. The third patient was a premature born infant (31. week of pregnancy)
      with shortness of breath and hydrocephalus, that was treated with ventriculo
      peritoneal shunts on both sides. In her fourth month she got a shunt-defect;
      Listeria in low concentration was isolated out of the cerebrospinal fluid.
      Treated with gentamycin intrathecal and amoxycillin she was successfully cured.
      Epidemiology, pathogenesis and new knowledge about diagnosis and therapy of
      Listeria are presented.

PMID- 6442919
TI  - Comparison of sero-aeruginocine-phage typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6442920
TI  - A study of some pharmacological actions of carbamazepine and sodium valproate.
AB  - Carbamazepine (CA) and sodium valproate (SV) were studied for their actions of
      central nervous system and neuromuscular junction. CA and SV given ip neither
      possessed analgesic nor hypothermic activity in rats, nor did they alter the
      pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice. The drug had no effect on the frog rectus
      muscle nor did they alter its responses to acetylcholine. Both CA and SV produced
      a dose related decrease in indirectly evoked contractions of rat diaphragm and
      cat gastrocnemius muscle without much altering the directly evoked responses.
      This effect may be due to their local anaesthetic property, which was observed in
      infiltration test in guinea pigs.

PMID- 6442921
TI  - Properties of neutrophils recruited into inflammatory foci with homologous or
      heterologous antigen in immunized ewes.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine functional properties of neutrophils
      attracted into involuted mammary glands of Staphylococcus aureus--immunized ewes
      by soluble antigens prepared from S. aureus (homologous antigen) or from Bacillus
      cereus (heterologous antigen). The ewes were immunized with an S. aureus vaccine
      known to stimulate synthesis of cytophilic IgG2 antibody, and the inflammatory
      responses were elicited 4-8 weeks later by infusing homologous antigen into one
      gland and heterologous antigen into the other. Inflammatory cells were collected
      at 2, 4, and 8 h postinfusion. The magnitude of the cellular responses was
      similar in both glands with high proportions of viable neutrophils. There were no
      significant differences between neutrophil populations from each gland for
      proportions of cells bearing cytophilic immunoglobulin, although the proportions
      of cytophilic immunoglobulin-positive cells from both glands were lower in 2-h
      exudates than in 4-h or 8-h exudates. In invitro phagocytosis assays using 3H
      labeled S. aureus and B. cereus no differences could be detected between the two
      populations of neutrophils in terms of phagocytic efficacy using a range of
      bacteria-neutrophil ratios and various opsonizing treatments.

PMID- 6442922
TI  - Calcium metabolism in marasmus.

PMID- 6442923
TI  - Brucellosis in poultry--an experimental study.
AB  - Experimental brucellosis with Brucella abortus has been studied in chickens,
      though antibody response and histopathological changes in the tissues of the
      birds were conspicuous and noticed consistently, it was not possible to isolate
      Brucella organisms from lung, liver, spleen and faecal samples of the infected
      chickens. These observations suggested that birds are resistant to Brucella
      infection and organisms succumb to death in vivo.

PMID- 6442924
TI  - [Candida in denture plaque (2). Removal of Candida adhering to denture acrylic
      resin using yeast-lytic enzyme].

PMID- 6442925
TI  - [Mechanisms of local anesthetic-induced convulsions. The relation to brain
      catecholamines].

PMID- 6442926
TI  - [Congenital angular deformity of the tibia in chick embryo induced by ethane-1
      hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP)].
AB  - Congenital angular deformity of the tibia (CADT) is one of the classic inborn
      errors. The treatment of the disease is very difficult because of insufficient
      clinical and experimental data and lack of complete experimental model of the
      disease. The present study is designed to establish a new experimental model of
      CADT. In vivo experiment: Only one injection of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1
      diphosphonate (EHDP) (4 X 10(-2)-4 X 10(-1) mumol/g egg wt.) was given into the
      yolk sac of fertile white leghorn egg at 8 days of incubation. The skeletal
      deformities of the chick embryos were examined during the period of EHDP
      administration until hatching. Furthermore, the effect of EHDP was compared with
      that of its analogs (dichloromethylene diphosphonate: Cl2MDP and inorganic
      pyrophosphate: PPi) in a similar manner. In vitro experiment: Tibiae from 9-day
      old chick embryos were cultured at 37 degrees C for 6 days by roller-tube method
      in the medium containing EHDP, Cl2MDP or PPi at concentrations of 4-400 microM to
      measure dry weight and calcium content of the tibiae. The results are summarized
      as follows. Angular deformity of the tibia in chick embryo was produced in vivo
      specifically by EHDP-administration compared to its analogs. There existed the
      critical stage of bone development and the critical dose of EHDP-administration
      to induce angular deformity of the tibia. The incidence and the severity of the
      tibial bowing depended on the dose of EHDP-administration. The thinning of
      periosteal bone collar and retardation of primary bone marrow formation were
      observed in EHDP-administered tibia. According to 3H-thymidine autoradiographic
      study, EHDP inhibited DNA synthesis of osteoblast by about 58% after 2 days of
      administration. The DNA synthesis of chondrocyte was also inhibited by about 20%
      after 2 days of EHDP-administration. EHDP had a more inhibitory effect on
      calcification of chick embryonic tibiae than Cl2MDP and PPi at concentration of
      40 microM without influencing the dry weight of tibiae in vitro. This new
      experimental model of CADT offers a significant possibility to elucidate the
      etiology of this disease.

PMID- 6442927
TI  - Ultrastructural and histochemical evidence for differentiation of intraocular
      locus coeruleus grafts and invasion of the host iris by central neurites and
      glia.
AB  - Intraocular grafts of dorso-lateral pons, including the noradrenaline-containing
      cell group locus coeruleus, have been studied with ultrastructural and
      histochemical techniques. Also, the invasion of neuronal and glial constituents
      from the grafts into the iris of the host animal is described. In mature brain
      grafts, aggregates of locus coeruleus neurons were easily discernible with
      monoamine histofluorescence. These cells had an ultrastructural appearance very
      similar to that in situ. Numerous somatic spines were frequently associated with
      synaptic specializations, and monoamine-containing vesicles could be found
      scattered in the cytoplasm of the locus coeruleus cells. Large neurons of the
      nucleus tractus mesencephalici nervi trigemini were also found. These cells were
      neurofilament-immunoreactive just as in situ, and were ultrastructurally
      characterized by size, distribution of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and
      abundant large terminals in synaptic contact with their somata and processes. All
      grafts showed a vigorous astroglial proliferation, evidenced both with
      immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein and electron microscopy.
      The astroglial cells were more numerous, larger and with more processes than in
      adult in situ counterparts. At the attachment site of the brain stem grafts, the
      iris dilator plate was entirely changed ultrastructurally by a vigorous invasion
      of neuronal and astrocytic processes. The normal, loose connective tissue stroma
      of the iris was replaced by layers of almost exclusively central nerve fibres and
      astrocytes respectively. Monoamine histofluorescence demonstrated an extreme
      adrenergic hyperinnervation of the iris at the attachment site of the graft,
      compared to the normal sympathetic ground plexus, whereas neurofilament
      immunohistochemistry did not visualize any substantial ingrowth of such positive
      central nerve fibres. Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein
      strongly supported the ultrastructural evaluation, showing profound astroglial
      invasion deep into the iris stroma. Electron microscopic identification of
      central nerve fibres in the iris showed numerous adrenergic locus coeruleus
      fibres with small dense-core vesicles. Also, bundles of thin, central,
      unmyelinated axons were found deep in the iris as well as occasional dendrites.
      Both large dense-cored and small clear vesicles were encountered in the iris
      fibres of brain graft origin. Axo-dendritic synaptic specializations formed by
      locus coeruleus-derived adrenergic fibres were found in the iris.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6442928
TI  - A profile of ammonia-urea values in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in children
      with protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - The study comprised 25 children suffering from PEM. Ten of them were non
      oedematous and the rest were oedematous. A group of 10 children of similar age
      served as the controls. A state of hyperammonaemia with slightly reduced blood
      urea was found in both forms of PEM but was more marked in kwashiorkor. There was
      also a highly significant increase in CSF ammonia in all cases of PEM studied.
      Some of the mental changes which have been observed in kwashiorkor may be, at
      least in part, due to ammonia intoxication.

PMID- 6442930
TI  - [Determining proteolytic enzyme inhibitors in human and animal sera. I.
      Description of the method].

PMID- 6442929
TI  - Host-mediated inhibition of rat bladder cancer growth by cyclophosphamide and
      purine salvage pathway-related enzyme activity of lymphocytes.
AB  - In ACI/N rats pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CY) growth of the bladder cancer,
      BC-47, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)
      activities in lymphocytes were investigated to clarify the possible antitumor
      effect via the immune system of the chemotherapeutic agent. A single dose of 50
      mg/kg of CY with the tumor implantation 3 days later gave rise to tumor
      regression following temporary progression around day 15 and significant increase
      of peripheral lymphocytes with higher PNP activity on days 7 to 10 of the tumor
      implantation. In the thymus such lymphocytes increased 3 days earlier. The
      antitumor effect was not demonstrated in athymic nude mice. In the light of the
      results and elimination of suppressor T precursors by CY, it was postulated that
      T lymphocytes with higher PNP activity act as effector cells in the antitumor
      immunity whereas suppressor T precursors belong to the cell population with lower
      PNP activity.

PMID- 6442931
TI  - Comparison of the (pro)convulsive properties of fluvoxamine and clovoxamine with
      eight other antidepressants in an animal model.
AB  - Freely moving rats were implanted with cortical, caudal, thalamic, and reticular
      electrodes. Drugs were infused intravenously at a constant rate up to a final
      cumulative dose of 40, 50, or 60 mg/kg. Doses of 10 mg/kg imipramine, viloxazine,
      desmethylimipramine, mianserin, and maprotiline produced spike-wave complexes,
      spikes, and increased spindling. General sustained discharges occurred after 20
      mg/kg of mianserin, viloxazine, imipramine, desmethylimipramine and
      amitriptyline, and after 30 mg/kg of maprotiline. An abnormal high-amplitude
      pattern was evident after mianserin, amitriptyline, imipramine, and
      desmethylimipramine. On the average, seizures were observed at 40 mg/kg and were
      seen after desmethylimipramine (50 mg/kg), mianserin (30 mg/kg), amitriptyline
      (20 mg/kg), imipramine (40 mg/kg), maprotiline (40 mg/kg), and zimelidine (50
      mg/kg). Ranking the tested antidepressants in decreasing order in accordance with
      their relative (pro)convulsive properties gives: amitriptyline greater than
      mianserin much greater than imipramine greater than desmethylimipramine greater
      than viloxazine much greater than maprotiline much greater than zimelidine
      greater than clovoxamine greater than nomifensine = fluvoxamine.

PMID- 6442932
TI  - [Clinical picture of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients with chronic
      respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 6442933
TI  - [Fate of patients with chronic nonspecific respiratory tract disease with
      decreased ventilatory capacity of the lungs 5 years after treatment at a clinic].

PMID- 6442934
TI  - Ethanol involvement in putrescine and histamine oxidation by guinea pig liver.
AB  - The in vitro influence of ethanol and acetaldehyde on diamine oxidase catalyzed
      reaction was measured with guinea pig liver and intestine. Acetaldehyde, having
      no influence on diamine oxidase activity, diminished the formation of gamma
      aminobutyric acid or imidazole-4-acetic acid when putrescine or histamine were
      used, respectively, as enzyme substrate. During ethanol ingestion by guinea pig
      the enhancement of hepatic diamine oxidase activity was observed after 10 days of
      treatment with subsequent decrease to the control value on the 18th day. The
      metabolic products of putrescine in diamine oxidase catalyzed reaction by livers
      of alcohol animals show similar increase and the same time course as enzymic
      activity. The per cent distribution of particular products in diamine oxidase
      reaction was not affected by ethanol administration.

PMID- 6442935
TI  - Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of some derivatives of imidazo [4, 5
      b]pyridine-1-carboxylic acid.
AB  - Imidazo [4,5-b] pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 2, its methyl ester 5, amide 7,
      hydrazide 12, hydrazone 14, nitrile 16, thioamide 18, and amidoxime 20 were
      synthesized. By methylation of acid 2 with diazomethane N3-CH3 derivatives of the
      above mentioned compounds were obtained. The resulting compounds displayed low
      tuberculostatic activity.

PMID- 6442936
TI  - [Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament].
AB  - Two asymptomatic, unusually young male patients aged 18 and 21 with ossification
      of the longitudinal posterior ligament of the cervical spine are presented.
      Geographical distribution, pathological and radiologic aspects of the disease are
      discussed together with those signs differentiating it from ankylosing spinal
      hyperostosis.

PMID- 6442937
TI  - [Refractory diarrhea].

PMID- 6442938
TI  - [Buschke's scleroderma and monoclonal gammapathy].

PMID- 6442939
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic coma: experience in a general hospital].

PMID- 6442940
TI  - [General aspects of the prevention of Chagas' disease in Brazil].

PMID- 6442941
TI  - [Limitations of computerized axial tomography in the localization of abdominal
      hydatid cysts in patients with immunodiagnostic confirmation].

PMID- 6442942
TI  - Resistance of mice immunized with killed culture trypomastigotes against
      infection by insect-derived trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6442943
TI  - A benefit-cost analysis of amniocentesis.

PMID- 6442944
TI  - Genetic control of immune responses to Schistosoma japonicum.
AB  - The mouse IgE antibody response to S. japonicum antigen (Sj) was found to be
      under control of a gene(s) linked to the major histocompatibility complex. In
      some strains but not all among low responders, however, T cell responsiveness to
      Sj could be demonstrated by the induction of carrier effect as well as by
      proliferation response. Resistance to reinfection with a large dose of S.
      japonicum cercariae was demonstrated in most strains examined, except C57BL/6,
      irrespective of the immune responsiveness. Further studies will be needed to
      elucidate whether genetically regulated immune responses may affect
      susceptibility to or pathogenesis of schistosomiasis japonica in the mouse.

PMID- 6442945
TI  - [Role of total parenteral nutrition in urologic surgery. I].

PMID- 6442946
TI  - [Disease and nutrition. III. Much patient food is only for those who are hungry
      beforehand].

PMID- 6442947
TI  - [Emergency assistance: the benefits of assistance in drought activities].

PMID- 6442948
TI  - [Emergency assistance. Hunger-affected children can be saved without serious
      damage. Interview by Jena Henrik Nybo].

PMID- 6442949
TI  - Evaluating the usefulness in neuro-ophthalmology of visual field examinations
      peripheral to 30 degrees.
AB  - The value of the information obtained from Goldmann manual kinetic perimetry
      beyond 30 degrees was examined. Of 229 randomly selected patients in a University
      eye clinic who had visual fields performed for reasons other than glaucoma or
      ocular hypertension only 3 patients had abnormalities confined to the PVF of one
      or both eyes. In none of these three patients was the PVF necessary to detect
      disease (Graves' disease, 2 cases; retinoschisis, 1 case). The PVF was useful in
      determining the localization of the disorder and/or the therapeutic management in
      14 patients of whom 4 of these had retinitis pigmentosa and 5 had other disorders
      where the PVF showed the extent of the retinal damage. For ergo-ophthalmologic
      purposes the PVF was useful in 45 patients; most frequently because the extent of
      abnormality provided a basis for warning the patient. In some cases the PVF was
      considered to be useful for economic disability determination or to exclude
      significant PVF defects in a patient with only one visually useful eye. In 77
      patients the PVF of each eye was abnormal but not of ergo-ophthalmologic
      significance. If these data can be extrapolated to automated static perimetry,
      there will be a very great incremental cost for any clinically useful information
      obtained from the examination of the PVF. Because the cost-effectiveness of the
      examination must be compared with competing methods of obtaining information, it
      is proposed that the PVF be examined (1) whenever indicated for ergo
      ophthalmologic reasons, or (2) when the CVF examination does not resolve a
      clinical problem for which there is a reasonably high probability that (a)
      additional clinically useful information will be obtained by examination of the
      PVF after the results of the CVF examination have been analyzed, or (b) the eye
      is likely to have a condition that can be detected or followed best by PVF
      examination.

PMID- 6442950
TI  - The effects of interleukin-1, interleukin-2, alpha-interferon, and gamma
      interferon on human B lymphocytes.
AB  - The direct effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), alpha
      interferon, and gamma-interferon on human B cell activation, proliferation, and
      differentiation have been examined and compared to the effects of B cell growth
      factor (BCGF) and B cell differentiation factor (BCDF). Human tonsillar B
      lymphocytes were separated according to cell size into two nonoverlapping and
      functionally distinct populations. The small fraction was incubated with IL-1, IL
      2, alpha-interferon, or gamma-interferon, and subsequent DNA synthesis and
      immunoglobulin production were measured. None of the factors induced these cells
      to proliferate or to differentiate. Similarly, the large fraction of B cells was
      incubated with IL-1, IL-2, alpha-interferon, gamma-interferon, BCGF, or BCDF.
      BCGF augmented the proliferation, and BCDF augmented the differentiation of the
      large B cells. In comparison, IL-1, IL-2, alpha-interferon, or gamma-interferon
      had either a minor effect or no effect on large B cell proliferation and
      differentiation. Thus, this study suggests that IL-1, IL-2, alpha-interferon, and
      gamma-interferon are not important direct signals for mature B cell function when
      present in the absence of other signals.

PMID- 6442951
TI  - An autoradiographic study of urea transport: the effect of phloretin on the
      luminal entry of [14C]urea.

PMID- 6442952
TI  - Enhancement of monocyte immunoregulatory properties and effector functions by
      recombinant interferon-gamma.

PMID- 6442953
TI  - Mediators released by human lung cells are potent growth factors for human lung
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6442954
TI  - Successful treatment of lethal protozoal infections with the ornithine
      decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine.

PMID- 6442955
TI  - On some central effects of elymoclavine.
AB  - The pharmacological investigation of the ergot alkaloid of the group of clavines
      elymoclavine isolated from Claviceps sp. cp. II showed the following: LD50 for
      mice for 24 hours was 350 (228 divided by 535) mg/kg and for rats--145 (81
      divided by 258) mg/kg; elymoclavine induced a dose-dependent stereotypy in rats
      and mice which was antagonized by haloperidol and pimozide; it prevented the
      development of haloperidol catalepsy in rats and produced rotations contralateral
      to the striatal lesions with 6-OHDA which were antagonized by pimozide and partly
      by cyproheptadine. Elymoclavine increased the exploratory activity of rats in
      open field as this effect was antagonized by haloperidol and was essentially
      influenced by many substances acting on different transmitter systems (NA, DA,
      GABA). Elymoclavine inhibited the picroroxin and electroshock convulsive seizures
      but potentiated the pentylenetetrazol ones in mice as these effects were
      differently influenced by pimozide, haloperidol, 5-HT, atropine and phentolamine.
      The observed effects of elymoclavine are mainly due to its DAergic agonistic
      action. It seems, however, that influences on other transmitter receptors also
      underlie the mechanism of action of this ergot alkaloid.

PMID- 6442956
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone and desoxycorticosterone on some reductases, esterases
      and synthetases.
AB  - Corticosteroids, applied in single high doses, are known to inhibit the activity
      of mixed function oxidases. Experiments on male rats have been performed in order
      to clarify their effect on other drug-metabolizing enzyme systems. It is found
      that hydrocortisone (HC) and desoxycorticosterone (DOCA), applied in a single
      dose of 50 mg/kg, do not change the activity of the liver microsomal NADPH
      dependent neotetrazolium reductase. HC inhibits the intestinal acetylsalicylic
      esterase B, whereas DOCA does not change it significantly. This effect should be
      borne in mind when combining corticosteroids with acetysal. No significant
      changes are observed in the activity of liver esterase A under the effect of the
      two corticosteroids. DOCA inhibits the liver cytosol glutathione-S-transferase.
      The reduced enzyme activity of the liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyl-transferase by
      the two corticosteroids and of the glutathione-S-transferase by HC is manifested
      only as an insignificant tendency.

PMID- 6442957
TI  - Lipoxygenases, nonheme iron-containing enzymes.

PMID- 6442958
TI  - High spin cobalt(II) as a probe for the investigation of metalloproteins.

PMID- 6442959
TI  - The sugar alcohols: a profile.

PMID- 6442960
TI  - [Treatment of several psychotic states with the combination of valproic acid with
      diazepam].

PMID- 6442961
TI  - Further studies on the mechanism of increased blood pressure during dietary
      linoleic acid deprivation.
AB  - The present studies investigate the changes in blood pressure and excretory renal
      function in rats during dietary linoleic acid deprivation. Four groups of animals
      were fed isocaloric diets containing 10 en % saturated fat and either 5 en %
      linoleic acid (groups I and III) or 5 en % oleic acid (groups II and IV). In
      addition, groups I and II received a chronic high intake of Na (greater than 5
      mmol/day) while groups III and IV were Na restricted with an average Na intake of
      0.7 mumol/day. Blood pressure significantly increased in the high salt, linoleic
      acid deprived group II and was unchanged in all three other groups of animals. De
      novo synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in rat kidney inner medullary homogenates in
      the four groups of animals at the end of the dietary protocol showed a marked
      dependency on Na balance with significantly (p less than 0.01) higher values in
      the Na restricted animals as well as on linoleic acid intake with significantly
      (p less than 0.01) higher values in the linoleic acid substituted animals.
      Urinary excretion of NaCl during acute expansion of the extracellular fluid
      volume with hypotonic saline was significantly impaired in the animals receiving
      oleic acid instead of linoleic acid. In a metabolic study, linoleic acid deprived
      animals retained Na from the first day of linoleic acid deprivation and blood
      pressure started to rise only after a substantial amount of Na had been retained.
      Our results show that linoleic acid deprivation suppresses renal arachidonic acid
      cyclooxygenase metabolism and impairs the renal ability to excrete an acute salt
      load. Impaired renal excretory function precedes the increase in blood pressure.
      Thus suppressed renal cyclo-oxygenase metabolism which impairs renal excretory
      function may be a crucial mechanism in the rise of blood pressure during dietary
      linoleic acid deprivation.

PMID- 6442962
TI  - A novel technique for assessing the sources of dietary sodium.
AB  - Li can be used to track Na during the cooking and eating process as it is handled
      by the body in a manner similar to Na. A new approach to study the sources of
      salt using Li is described. When this technique was applied in an epidemiological
      context using 12 consecutive 24-hour urine collections, we found that at least
      83% of the salt ingested by a population in Cambridgeshire, England, was derived
      from processed food. Only a small amount of the total salt intake came from
      cooking or from using salt on the table. The total amount of salt eaten was not
      as high as was previously estimated indirectly. There was a clear sex difference
      in salt intake which in part related simply to the finding that salt intake
      correlates with body weight of an individual. This study implies that those who
      wish to advocate a reduction in salt intake in order to prevent hypertension must
      reconsider their approach. Any health education programme that is geared simply
      to reduce discretionary salt use in the home, will have little impact on the
      total amount of NaCl ingested by the population.

PMID- 6442963
TI  - [Origin of the FSH + LH double activity of equine chorionic gonadotropin
      (eCG/PMSG)].
AB  - The LH and FSH activities of equine choriogonadotropin (eCG) have been compared
      in several species with those of the highly purified homologous pituitary
      gonadotropins. The molar FSH/LH activity ratio of eCG determined by RRA is 0.20
      in the pig, 0.25 in the rat and 0 in the horse. These data demonstrate the LH
      monospecificity of eCG in its own species as it is the case for hCG. We have also
      shown that equine LH exhibited a FSH-activity similar to that of eCG in the pig
      and in the rat but not in the horse. In the female rat, the binding activity to
      FSH receptors and the in vitro FSH activity of eCG are similar (about 0.005 X
      eFSH). In the male rat, the binding activity of eCG to FSH receptors is much
      higher (0.15 X eFSH) than its in vitro FSH activity (0.007 X eFSH). The behaviour
      of equine LH is similar to that of eCG in the four systems. Our data clearly
      indicate that the double activity of eCG is not unique to this molecule.
      Moreover, the double activity is not intrinsic to the eCG molecule since it
      depends on the species and the sex of the animal used as well as on the system
      used (RRA) or in vitro biological assay).

PMID- 6442964
TI  - Nuclear chromatin decondensation abilities of human sperm.
AB  - Heterospecific in vitro fertilization necessitates the completion of the
      capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and the nuclear decondensation into the
      ooplasm. Using 10 semen samples the results of this test using zona-free hamster
      eggs were compared with the results of a nuclear chromatin decondensation (NCD)
      ability test in vitro using 1% SDS + 6mM EDTA. The results showed that there is a
      positive correlation between fertilization rate and NCD ability of
      migrated/capacitated spermatozoa. It is postulated that an hyperstabilized
      spermatozoon (with a high rate of disulphid bridges between chromatin fibers)
      cannot decondense either in an hamster oocyte or after SDS/EDTA, whereas a normal
      chromatin stabilized spermatozoon (with a good rate of SH-Zn-SH links and S-S
      links) has a normal NCD rate and thus a good fertilization ability.

PMID- 6442965
TI  - Analytical methodology, detection of trichothecenes from Southeast Asian samples
      and their residue in animal tissue.

PMID- 6442966
TI  - Serine proteases and thiol-proteinases activities during induction of
      experimental mammary carcinoma in the rat.

PMID- 6442967
TI  - [Experimental study of arsenic as a teratogenic agent in development].

PMID- 6442968
TI  - A time analysis of a genetic counseling delivery system.

PMID- 6442969
TI  - The RBE for renal damage after irradiation with 3 MeV neutrons.
AB  - Mouse kidneys were locally irradiated with single doses or up to 8 fractions of
      240 kV X rays or 3 MeV neutrons. Damage was assessed from measurements of urine
      output, isotope clearance or haematocrit levels. All three assays gave steep dose
      response curves by 4-5 months after irradiation. The repair capacity of the
      kidney was considerable after X-irradiation but was very small after irradiation
      with neutrons. Thus the RBE increased sharply with increasing fractionation.
      After large doses, an RBE of 2.3-2.5 was measured, rising to 4.5-5.1 after 8
      fractions of 4 to 5 Gy X rays. Linear-quadratic analysis of these data has
      allowed RBE's to be calculated outside the measured dose range. The limiting RBE
      predicted at very low doses per fraction is 20 to 26, whereas at extremely high
      doses it would be as low as 1.2 to 1.4. This indicates that high RBE values may
      be seen in a slow turnover tissue after low doses per fraction (within the
      clinically relevant range) although this may not be evident after larger doses.
      Such high RBE's arise because of the shape of the underlying X-ray dose-response
      curve rather than the shape of the neutron curve.

PMID- 6442970
TI  - Regulation of stage-specific gene expression during early mouse development:
      effect of cytochalasin B and aphidicolin on stage-specific protein synthesis in
      mouse eggs.
AB  - Mechanisms regulating stage-specific translation in mouse embryos were studied by
      inhibitor experiments. When fertilized eggs were continuously treated with
      cytochalasin B, cleavage was prevented, whereas karyokinesis proceeded, resulting
      in protein synthesis patterns changing stage-specifically as in control embryos
      through preimplantation development. When fertilized eggs were continuously
      exposed to aphidicolin, cleavage and DNA synthesis were inhibited, thus keeping
      their protein synthesis at the level of fertilized eggs with few new polypeptides
      appearing after one day. The next day these eggs stopped translation almost
      completely. Stage-specific translation therefore might be controlled by nuclear
      replications rather than by cytoplasmic clock.

PMID- 6442971
TI  - Preliminary research on the evaluation of some prognostic factors in a randomized
      study of adjuvant immunochemotherapy in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - In a randomized, multicenter study, 168 evaluable patients with colorectal
      adenocarcinoma at B2, C1 or C2 stages of the Dukes, Astler and Coller
      classification, were treated after radical surgery with BCG and 5-fluorouracil
      alone (regimen A) or in combination with hydroxyurea, methyl-CCNU and mitomycin C
      (regimen B). Radiation therapy was mandatory after surgery for rectal cancer.
      Response to therapy was evaluated for length of disease-free interval after
      surgery and was analyzed in comparison to the data obtained upon entrance to the
      study. The results are reported as life curves of the duration of the disease
      free interval for treatment in comparison to the presence or absence of various
      signs or symptoms of disease. Also reported are responses obtained using the Cox
      method for linear regression analysis on non-parametric data, that gave
      information on the importance of various prognostic factors.

PMID- 6442972
TI  - Determination of the spectrum of antibiotic resistance of the "Bacillus subtilis"
      strains of Enterogermina.
AB  - Resistance to the antibiotics most widely used in chemotherapy of the "Bacillus
      subtilis" strains constituting the specialty Enterogermina was measured by the
      method of diffusion on agar plates. The results obtained demonstrate that the
      mutations to resistance present in such strains confer a broad spectrum of
      resistance to the most important classes of antibiotics. We were also able to
      demonstrate a considerable number of antibiotic resistances which had not been
      previously recognized. For the most representative antibiotics, resistance levels
      were determined in comparison to the sensitive strains. The multiple resistance
      phenotype of the strains studied is discussed in relation to the molecular basis
      of antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 6442973
TI  - A 2 X 2 factorial experiment of antibiotic concentration and pH on antibacterial
      activity of gentamicin in urine of low osmolality.
AB  - Two levels of gentamicin concentration (10 and 50 micrograms/ml were cross
      associated with two pH levels (pH 5 and 6) in a typical factorial arrangement of
      treatments. The time in hours required for the death of 50% (T50) of the
      inoculated microorganisms (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) was determined in urine of
      low osmolality (diabetes insipidus). Normal pH (pH 6) conserves its known
      favorable influence on gentamicin activity even at low osmolality. Interaction
      between pH and gentamicin concentration does exist at the 1% level but is
      antagonistic. The reasons are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6442975
TI  - [Trials of 1-cysteine, TRH and 5HTP in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 6442974
TI  - [Progress in diagnosis and treatment of spinal and spinal cord diseases].

PMID- 6442976
TI  - [Care and treatment of patients with ALS in advanced stages].

PMID- 6442977
TI  - [Carbonic anhydrase activity in human saliva under physiological conditions].

PMID- 6442978
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and serum complement in Nigerian patients with non
      A, non B hepatitis.

PMID- 6442979
TI  - The pathology of Aspergillus flavus infection in uncompromised host.

PMID- 6442980
TI  - FSH and LH response to testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in aging
      male rats.
AB  - Gonadotropins were measured in young (3 months) and old (24 months) male Sprague
      Dawley rats. Basal levels of LH were lower in old animals, whereas the basal
      levels of FSH were unchanged. The levels of gonadotropins increased significantly
      following castration in both age groups, However the old animals secreted less LH
      than the young. When 50 mg/100 g BW of testosterone propionate (TP) was given,
      the postcastration levels of FSH and LH were suppressed only in the old rats.
      When higher doses of TP were given, the levels of FSH and LH were reduced in both
      groups. However these levels remained suppressed longer in the old rat than in
      the young. The levels of FSH and LH were elevated after an iv injection of 10 or
      100 ng gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH/100 g BW. FSH levels were similar in
      both groups of animals. LH values were higher in the young rats only after the
      injection of 100 ng GnRH/100 g BW. These data suggest that age differentially
      influences the control mechanisms for FSH and LH secretion.

PMID- 6442981
TI  - [In vitro antibacterial activity of chloramide].

PMID- 6442982
TI  - [Evaluation of the in vitro effect of ceftazidime and 12 other antibiotics on
      gram-negative bacteria isolated from a hospital environment].

PMID- 6442983
TI  - [Disodium cromoglycate--15 years of experience].

PMID- 6442984
TI  - Antipsychotic and prophylactic effects of acetazolamide (Diamox) on atypical
      psychosis.
AB  - We investigated the antipsychotic and prophylactic effects of acetazolamide
      (Diamox) on atypical psychosis. Acetazolamide was given to 30 patients: Type I,
      puberal periodic psychosis, a psychosis whose onset occurs during the period of
      puberty and which appears repetitively with psychosis-like condition at about the
      same interval as the menstrual cycle (6 cases); Type II, a) presenile atypical
      psychosis which initially appears in patients in their 20s or 30s accompanied by
      manic-depressive cycles and shows acute confusional and dreamy states in the
      presenile period, incurable cases (7), b) atypical psychosis, in the narrow
      sense, cases which show acute hallucination, delusion, confusional and dreamy
      states accompanied by affective symptoms (8 cases); Type III, repetitively the
      atypical manic and depressive states, and atypical manic-depressive psychosis,
      and transient changes in consciousness, refractory cases (2); Type IV, atypical
      schizophrenia, which is considered to be schizophrenia but shows the
      abnormalities in electroencephalogram and emotional disorders (7 cases). Among
      these cases, some extent of the therapeutic effects of acetazolamide (500-1,000
      mg/day) was obtained in about 70%. The high therapeutic effects were particularly
      observed in Types I, II and III. It was less effective against atypical
      schizophrenia. Acetazolamide showed the effectiveness in 10 cases out of 13 cases
      to which lithium carbonate and carbamazepine were ineffective. The high
      therapeutic effects of acetazolamide were shown in the cases whose symptoms were
      aggravated at the interval of the menstrual cycle. No correlation was observed
      between the electroencephalographic abnormalities and the therapeutic effects. In
      addition, the prophylactic effects of acetazolamide on the periodic crisis were
      observed in 9 cases. From these results, acetazolamide was considered to have the
      antipsychotic and prophylactic effects on atypical psychosis. Since side effects
      due to acetazolamide were rarely observed, the present drug was considered to
      have a high safety margin.

PMID- 6442985
TI  - Congenital diverticulum of muscular interventricular septum in association with
      atrial septal defect.

PMID- 6442986
TI  - Management of musculo-skeletal complications of hemophilia.

PMID- 6442987
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in cirrhosis of liver.

PMID- 6442988
TI  - Ragweed allergen Ra3: relationship to some type 1 copper-binding proteins.
AB  - We have found ragweed allergen Ra3 to be related to the type 1 copper proteins;
      it is most closely related to stellacyanin and basic blue protein. The type 1
      copper proteins form a diverse group of proteins, most of which are involved in
      electron transport. However, key amino acids believed to be involved in copper
      binding are absent from the allergen sequence; thus, the allergen is not likely
      to be functionally related to the type 1 copper proteins. We have grouped these
      proteins into one superfamily and we depict the relationships among them by an
      evolutionary tree. As indicated by this tree, an ancient gene duplication
      resulted in the divergence of plastocyanin from the line leading to basic blue
      protein, stellacyanin, and allergen Ra3.

PMID- 6442989
TI  - Evolution of the multidomain protein wheat germ agglutinin.
AB  - We compared the homologous amino acid sequences of hevein and each of the four
      domains (A, B, C, and D) of wheat germ agglutinin and used them to construct a
      pseudophylogenetic tree relating these sequences to a hypothetical common
      ancestor sequence. In the crystal structure of the wheat germ agglutinin dimer,
      six pseudo-two-fold rotational symmetry axes have previously been located in
      addition to the true twofold axis. Four of these relate two nonidentical domains
      to each other in each of the four possible pairs constituting the sugar-binding
      sites (A1D2, A2D1, B1C2, and B2C1). The remaining two relate contiguous unique
      pairs of sugar-binding sites to each other (A1D2 to B1C2, and A2D1 to B2C1).
      These latter two sets of pairs are related to each other by the true twofold
      axis. Side chains that mediate sugar binding in the interfaces of each of the
      four pairs were found to be largely conserved. The sequence homology, taken
      together with these pseudo-symmetry elements in the dimer structure, suggests a
      pathway for the evolution of the four-domain molecule from a single-domain dimer
      that can be correlated with simultaneous development of the saccharide-binding
      sites.

PMID- 6442990
TI  - Interaction of silent and replacement changes in eukaryotic coding sequences.
AB  - We examined the codon usages in well-conserved and less-well-conserved regions of
      vertebrate protein genes and found them to be similar. Despite this similarity,
      there is a statistically significant decrease in codon bias in the less-well
      conserved regions. Our analysis suggests that although those codon changes
      initially fixed under amino acid replacements tend to follow the overall codon
      usage pattern, they also reduce the bias in codon usage. This decrease in codon
      bias leads one to predict that the rate of change of synonymous codons should be
      greater in those regions that are less well conserved at the amino acid level
      than in the better-conserved regions. Our analysis supports this prediction.
      Furthermore, we demonstrate a significantly elevated rate of change of synonymous
      codons among the adjacent codons 5' to amino acid replacement positions. This
      provides further support for the idea that there are contextual constraints on
      the choice of synonymous codons in eukaryotes.

PMID- 6442991
TI  - Codon equilibrium I: Testing for homogeneous equilibrium.
AB  - We present theoretical considerations that suggest that synonymous-codon usage
      might be expected to be close to an equilibrium distribution given a very
      homogeneous process of silent substitution. By homogeneous we mean that
      substitution depends only on the two bases involved, so that 12 base-substitution
      rates completely describe the silent substitution process. We have developed a
      method of statistically testing for such homogeneous equilibrium and applied it
      to reported data on the codon usages of different classes of organisms. Weakly
      expressed bacterial sequences and both mammalian and nonmammalian eukaryotic
      sequences deviate significantly from a random pattern of codon usage, in the
      direction of homogeneous equilibrium. On the other hand, highly expressed
      bacterial sequences do not exhibit homogeneous equilibrium, which may be
      correlated with recent experimental results showing that they are optimized to
      accept the most abundant tRNAs. To examine the effect of amino acid replacements
      on the homogeneous model of silent substitution, we divided the amino acids with
      degenerate codes into two classes, those with high mutabilities and those with
      low, and performed the same analysis on bacterial and eukaryotic data sets. The
      codon sets of the highly mutable class of amino acids are not further from
      homogeneous equilibrium than are the codon sets of the class with low
      mutabilities. We also found for the eukaryotic data that these independent
      classes of codon sets show very similar equilibrium patterns. The various results
      suggest a high level of uniformity in the process of silent fixation in the
      different synonymous-codon sets, especially in eukaryotes.

PMID- 6442992
TI  - Codon equilibrium II: Its use in estimating silent-substitution rates.
AB  - We study the equilibrium in the use of synonymous codons by eukaryotic organisms
      and find five equations involving substitution rates that we believe embody the
      important implications of equilibrium for the process of silent substitution. We
      then combine these five equations with additional criteria to determine sets of
      substitution rates applicable to eukaryotic organisms. One method employs the
      equilibrium equations and a principle of maximum entropy to find the most uniform
      set of rates consistent with equilibrium. In a second method we combine the
      equilibrium equations with data on the man-mouse divergence to determine that set
      of rates that is most neutral yet consistent with both types of data (i.e.,
      equilibrium and divergence data). Simulations show this second method to be quite
      reliable in spite of significant saturation in the substitution process. We find
      that when divergence data are included in the calculation of rates, even though
      these rates are chosen to be as neutral as possible, the strength of selection
      inferred from the nonuniformity of the rates is approximately doubled. Both sets
      of rates are applied to estimate the human-mouse divergence time based on several
      independent subsets of the divergence data consisting of the quartet, C- or T
      ending duet, and A- or G-ending duet codon sets. Both rate sets produce patterns
      of divergence times that are shortest for the quartet data, intermediate for the
      CT-ending duets, and longest for the AG-ending duets. This indicates that rates
      of transitions in the duet-codon sets are significantly higher than those in the
      quartet-codon sets; this effect is especially marked for A----G, the rate of
      which in duets must be about double that in quartets.

PMID- 6442993
TI  - Differential effect of amino acid residues on the stability of double helices
      formed from polyribonucleotides and its possible relation to the evolution of the
      genetic code.
AB  - The interaction of amino acid residues with polyribonucleotides was characterized
      by measurements of melting temperatures (tm) for poly(A).poly(U) and
      poly(I).poly(C) as functions of the concentrations of various amino acid amides.
      The amides of hydrophilic amino acids lead to a continuous increase of tm with
      increasing concentration, whereas amides of hydrophobic amino acids induce a
      decrease of tm at low concentrations (approximately 1 mM) followed by an increase
      at higher concentrations. Analysis of the data by a simple site model provides
      the affinity of each ligand for the double helix relative to that for the single
      strands. This parameter decreases in the order Ala greater than Gly greater than
      Ser greater than Asn greater than Pro greater than Met, Val greater than Ile, Leu
      for poly(A).poly(U) and Ala, Gly, Ser greater than Asn greater than Pro greater
      than Val greater than Ile, Met, Leu for poly(I).poly(C). The special effects of
      hydrophobic amino acids may be related to the similarity of the codons for these
      amino acids. A simple model for assignment of codons to amino acids is proposed.

PMID- 6442994
TI  - Quantitative polyphosphate-induced "prebiotic" peptide formation in H2O by
      addition of certain azoles and ions.
AB  - Aqueous solutions of 0.1 M amino acid and 0.1 M trimetaphosphate maintained at
      chosen pH values between 8.0 and 10.5 and at room temperature in the presence of
      imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole give rise after a few days to the corresponding
      peptides. Yields are highest when the pH is adjusted with concentrated NaOH or
      KOH instead of ammonia; in some cases glycine is quantitatively transformed
      within 10-15 days into peptides, mainly di-and tripeptides.

PMID- 6442996
TI  - Optical rotation of 10-hydroxy fatty acids in human adipocere.

PMID- 6442995
TI  - Comparison of goose-type, chicken-type, and phage-type lysozymes illustrates the
      changes that occur in both amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure
      during evolution.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of goose-type lysozyme (GEWL), determined by x
      ray crystallography and refined at high resolution, has similarities to the
      structures of hen (chicken) egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) and bacteriophage T4
      lysozyme (T4L). The nature of the structural correspondence suggests that all
      three classes of lysozyme diverged from a common evolutionary precursor, even
      though their amino acid sequences appear to be unrelated (Grutter et al. 1983).
      In this paper we make detailed comparisons of goose-type, chicken-type, and phage
      type lysozymes. The lysozymes have undergone conformational changes at both the
      global and the local level. As in the globins, there are corresponding alpha
      helices that have rigid-body displacements relative to each other, but in some
      cases corresponding helices have increased or decreased in length, and in other
      cases there are helices in one structure that have no counterpart in another.
      Independent of the overall structural correspondence among the three lysozyme
      backbones is another, distinct correspondence between a set of three consecutive
      alpha-helices in GEWL and three consecutive alpha-helices in T4L. This structural
      correspondence could be due, in part, to a common energetically favorable contact
      between the first and the third helices. There are similarities in the active
      sites of the three lysozymes, but also one striking difference. Glu 73 (GEWL)
      spatially corresponds to Glu 35 (HEWL) and to Glu 11 (T4L). On the other hand,
      there are two aspartates in the GEWL active site, Asp 86 and Asp 97, neither of
      which corresponds exactly to Asp 52 (HEWL) or Asp 20 (T4L). (The discrepancy in
      the location of the carboxyl groups is about 10 A for Asp 86 and 4 A for Asp 97.)
      This lack of structural correspondence may reflect some differences in the
      mechanisms of action of the three lysozymes. When the amino acid sequences of the
      three lysozyme types are aligned according to their structural correspondence,
      there is still no apparent relationship between the sequences except for possible
      weak matching in the vicinity of the active sites.

PMID- 6442997
TI  - Secondary CO2 diffusion following HCO3- shift across the red blood cell membrane.
AB  - In order to clarify the interaction between CO2 diffusion and HCO3- shift in the
      red blood cell (RBC), HCO3- shift was measured by using a stopped flow method
      combined with fluorometry. When HCO3- entered the RBC, the intracellular PCO2
      increased, causing a secondary outflow of CO2. Conversely, when HCO3- ions flowed
      out of the RBC, the resulting decrease of PCO2 caused an inward CO2 diffusion.
      The PCO2 change caused by the inward HCO3- shift was about 3- to 4-fold that of
      the outward shift. During the respective in- and outward-shifts, the mean half
      times of the extracellular pH changes were 0.15 and 0.13 sec. These were
      approximately twice as long as those of the primary CO2 diffusion. The
      permeability of HCO3- across the RBC membrane was obtained by comparing the
      experimental extracellular pH curve with a numerical solution for CO2 and HCO3-
      diffusions accompanied by the hydration and dehydration reactions. Thus the HCO3-
      permeability was determined to be 5 x 10-4 cm/sec, in the in- and outward-HCO3-
      shifts, respectively. The influence of Cl- concentration on HCO3- permeability
      was tested by reducing the initial Cl- gradient across the RBC membrane. In a
      physiological Cl- concentration range the HCO3- permeability was not affected by
      the Cl- gradient.

PMID- 6442998
TI  - Change in PCO2 in red cell suspension following bicarbonate shift.
AB  - To reveal the CO2 diffusion process into and out of the red blood cell (RBC),
      changes in PCO, following the HCO3- shift were examined. The RBC suspension was
      mixed at 37 degrees C with saline solution having different HCO3- concentrations.
      In proportion to the intracellular HCO3- change caused by the HCO3- shift, the
      PCO2 change was increased. The rate of change increased as the hematocrit and the
      initial intracellular HCO3- content decreased. For calculating the above PCO2
      change, a theoretical equation was derived from the Henderson-Hasselbalch
      equation and the relation between both the changes in buffer base and
      intracellular pH. The calculated PCO2 change coincided well with the measured
      value, suggesting the validity of the theoretical equations.

PMID- 6442999
TI  - Numerical solution of partial differential equations for CO2 diffusion
      accompanying HCO3- shift in red blood cells.
AB  - A computer program for a numerical solution of the CO2 diffusion in the red blood
      cell including the HCO3- shift was developed. Comparing the calculated
      extracellular PCO2 curve with the experimental data on the primary and secondary
      CO2 diffusions, the permeabilities of CO2 and HCO3- across the red cell membrane,
      eta(CO2) and eta(HCO3-), were determined as eta(CO2)= 2.5 x 10(-6) cm/(sec.Torr),
      Inward eta(HCO3-), = 5 x 10(-4) cm/sec, Outward eta(HCO3-) = 7 x 10(-4) cm/sec.
      The dependencies of the CO2 diffusion rate on the hematocrit and initial intra-
      and extracellular HCO3- concentrations were examined using the above
      permeabilities. The half-time of the extracellular PCO2 change in a closed RBC
      suspension was obviously reduced as the hematocrit and initial extracellular HCO3
      increased, while the effect of the initial intracellular HCO3- was not
      significant. The CO2 diffusion in vivo was simulated using pulmonary and tissue
      capillary models. The half-time of the extracellular HCO3- change was about 0.15
      sec, while that of the intracellular HCO3- change ranged from 40 to 60 msec.

PMID- 6443000
TI  - [Does epilepsy inevitably result in an epileptic personality change?].

PMID- 6443001
TI  - [Observations in a special boarding school for epileptic children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 6443002
TI  - [Epilepsy and automobile driver's license].

PMID- 6443003
TI  - [Personal experiences of a seizure patient].

PMID- 6443004
TI  - [Legal questions in epilepsy].

PMID- 6443005
TI  - [Islam--the religion, its regulation and its effects on the behavior, the
      experience and the needs of religious muslims in the hospital].

PMID- 6443006
TI  - [The hospital belongs to the nurses. Letter to a beginner in psychiatry].

PMID- 6443007
TI  - [The status of psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 6443008
TI  - [Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in the Hoechst Anniversary Hall].

PMID- 6443009
TI  - [Sex hormone binding globulin in stimulated cycles].
AB  - Ovulation was stimulated in 56 cycles, namely in 16 cycles with clomiphene, in 19
      with clomiphene and HCG, and in 16 cycles with clomiphene, HMG and HCG. In three
      women there was no LH or estradiol increase following ovulation stimulation with
      clomiphene, but in two women stimulated by the two remaining methods there was a
      spontaneous LH peak before the application of HCG. Using the radioimmunologic
      method once a day the concentrations of LH, estradiol and SHBG in serum were
      determined. The concentrations of SHBG in serum do not change in all three
      methods of ovulation stimulation. The mean concentrations of SHBG vary between 47
      and 54 mumol/l during the entire preovulatory phase of the stimulated cycle. All
      of these cycles were ovulatory since the preovulatory E2 peak is clearly
      expressed in all three methods of ovulation stimulation.

PMID- 6443010
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of hormonal stimulation follicular maturation and
      ovulation].
AB  - The development of ovarian follicles was observed by ultrasound in 10 patients
      with the normal menstrual cycle and 10 patients with hormonally stimulated
      ovulation. In 2 of the patients with the normal cycle the diameter of the
      follicles was less than 2 cm. They had no ovulation. In the patients with the
      stimulated ovulation the follicular growth was significantly more regular and 2
      of them conceived.

PMID- 6443011
TI  - [Benznidazole and chronic Chagas disease].

PMID- 6443012
TI  - [Thioctic acid in the prevention of the toxic effects of benznidazole].

PMID- 6443013
TI  - [Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi by hemoculture in patients with chronic Chagas'
      disease].

PMID- 6443014
TI  - A rapid method for testing in vivo the susceptibility of different strains of
      Trypanosoma cruzi to active chemotherapeutic agents.
AB  - A method is described which permits to determine in vivo and in a short period of
      time (4-6 hours) the sensitivity of T. cruzi strains to known active
      chemotherapeutic agents. By using resistant- and sensitive T. cruzi strains a
      fairly good correlation was observed between the results obtained with this rapid
      method (which detects activity against the circulating blood forms) and those
      obtained with long-term schedules which involve drug administration for at least
      20 consecutive days and a prolonged period of assessment. This method may be used
      to characterize susceptibility to active drugs used clinically, provide
      information on the specific action against circulating trypomastigotes and screen
      active compounds.

PMID- 6443015
TI  - [Occurrence and biology of Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 in palm trees of
      suburban areas of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais].
AB  - Eighty-one "macaubeiras" palm-trees (Acrocomia sclerocarpa) from the periphery of
      Belo Horizonte city were cut down and dissected between April 1979 and July 1980.
      60.5% of the trees were positive for R. neglectus and 463 specimens of this
      insect were collected, providing a mean rate of 9,45 individuals for positive
      palm-trees. R. neglectus seems to present a single annual generation in this
      region, but evidence was obtained that two generations may occur. Its spawn
      period is related to the hot months of the year, when younger insects prevail
      over the adults. This observation suggests that higher population densities are
      related to better feeding conditions and to minor densities of specific predators
      such as Telenomus sp., ants, spiders, hemipters, scorpions and pseudo
      scorpionidae. The Trypanosoma cruzi infection index was 15,9%, suggesting that R.
      neglectus is a very important vector of silvatic infections in the region.
      Marsupials are the main vertebrate source of T. cruzi infection. R. neglectus is
      strongly associated with palm-trees in the area, and with the various species of
      birds that haunt them. So far, there is no evidence suggesting R. neglectus to be
      an important vector of human Chagas' disease in the region.

PMID- 6443016
TI  - [Guerreiro Machado reaction. Chromatographic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi
      antigens].
AB  - The aqueous extract of Trypanosoma cruzi, previously treated by benzene, was
      filtered through a column of Sephadex G-200. The eluted fractions were tested by
      complement-fixation with the chagasic reference serum. It was found that the CF
      antigens were eluted in the first fractions and the contaminants in the last
      ones. The aqueous antigen, when dried and extracted with methanol, showed a very
      high titer in the complement-fixation quantitative test. This antigen is free of
      contaminants and can be recommended for use in the serological test for the
      diagnosis of Chagas' disease.

PMID- 6443017
TI  - [Infection of Lutzomyia evandroi (Diptera:Psychodidae) by Ascocystis chagasi
      (Adler & Mayrink, 1961) in the State of Maranhao].
AB  - The gregarine Ascocystis chagasi as well as a nematode and an unidentified
      Trypanosome were found in sandflies of the species Lutzomyia evandroi from the
      island of Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Brazil.

PMID- 6443018
TI  - [Immunomodulating activity of the genus Myxococcus].

PMID- 6443019
TI  - [Longitudinal study of 10 subjects with structural anomalies of chromosome X].

PMID- 6443020
TI  - [Non-secreting form of IgD multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6443021
TI  - [Formation of immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6443022
TI  - [Enzymoimmunologic method of determining biologically active substances and its
      use].

PMID- 6443023
TI  - [IgD--its structure and function].

PMID- 6443024
TI  - [Regulation of the renal excretion of phosphates. Use of isolated vesicles of
      luminal membranes for the study of phosphate transport].

PMID- 6443025
TI  - [Biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids].

PMID- 6443026
TI  - [Lithium salts in the treatment of schizoaffective psychosis].

PMID- 6443027
TI  - [A case of simultaneous treatment of the manic syndrome and granulocytopenia with
      lithium salts].

PMID- 6443028
TI  - [Effect of preventive administration of lithium carbonate on serum concentrations
      of various pituitary and peripheral hormones in patients with endogenous
      depression].

PMID- 6443029
TI  - [Use of the coagglutination reaction for the identification of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae: usefulness of the Phadebact gonococcus test].

PMID- 6443030
TI  - [Usefulness of the Polish kit for the coagglutination test (GNC test) for the
      identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae].

PMID- 6443031
TI  - [Radiologic aspects of a severe form of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome].

PMID- 6443032
TI  - [Trace elements in parenteral feeding. Evaluation of a solution for intravenous
      use].

PMID- 6443033
TI  - [Improvement of bonding in vitro with a new acid etching agent--comparative
      trials].

PMID- 6443034
TI  - [Nutritional support in abdominal sepsis].

PMID- 6443035
TI  - [Plasma exchange in infectious pathology].

PMID- 6443036
TI  - [Evaluation of the PL 1240TM container for the prolonged conservation of platelet
      concentrates].

PMID- 6443037
TI  - [Safety education in the teaching program. The professional nurse enters the
      school world as an educator for health].

PMID- 6443038
TI  - [Work in the real world of the hospital: an analysis of the factors in
      satisfaction].

PMID- 6443039
TI  - [New environmental risks: the example of Caorso. How to educate oneself and
      inform the population in facing emergency situations caused by uncontrolled
      technological reactions in the working cycle of special production activities].

PMID- 6443040
TI  - [The 180 group from 2 Via Albenga, Milan. Research on the problem of mental
      disease].

PMID- 6443041
TI  - [The nurse and rehabilitation: bed postures of the hemiplegic adult].

PMID- 6443042
TI  - [Nutritional deficiency states in the elderly].

PMID- 6443043
TI  - [Facts on the use of enemas].

PMID- 6443044
TI  - [Role of mammography in the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 6443045
TI  - Basis of cellular autonomy in the susceptibility to carcinogenesis.
AB  - This paper summarizes our contributions in the basic understanding of the
      different susceptibility of the mammary gland to carcinogenesis according to age
      and parity history. Mammary carcinomas induced by the administration of 7,12
      dimethylbenz-(DMBA) to young virgin rats arise from undifferentiated terminal
      ductal structures called terminal end buds (TEBs). TEBs, that normally
      differentiate into alveolar buds (ABs) and lobules, under the influence of DMBA
      develop intraductal proliferations which progress to carcinoma. The high
      susceptibility of the young virgin rat TEBs to neoplastic transformation is due
      to its large proliferative compartment, with cells cycling every 10 hours, and to
      a higher 3H-DMBA uptake. Progressive differentiation of TEBs into ABs and lobules
      or their regression to terminal ducts (TDs) is seen with aging. Complete
      differentiation of the gland is attained through pregnancy and lactation or
      through exogenous administration of chorionic gonadotrophin. The greater
      differentiation of the gland is manifested as permanent structural changes,
      consisting in the disappearance of TEBs and in a diminution of the number of TDs
      due to their differentiation into ABs and lobules. This greater differentiation
      results in a diminished or total refractoriness of the gland to the carcinogen
      because ABs and lobules have a lower proliferative compartment, and a longer cell
      cycle than TEBs and TDs. Cells of parous rats have both in vivo and in vitro
      lower DMBA-DNA binding capacity, lower DNA synthesis and greater ability to
      repair DMBA-damaged DNA than cells of young virgin rats. The more efficient DNA
      repair capacity of the parous rat mammary gland is demonstrated by the induction
      of unscheduled DNA synthesis and a removal of DMBA-DNA adducts.

PMID- 6443046
TI  - [Effect of benzoic and sorbic acids on Bacillus cereus and Torulopsis candida].

PMID- 6443047
TI  - [Use of a semipurified fraction of Trypanosoma cruzi proteinase in the
      immunodiagnosis of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6443048
TI  - [Pastoral care--consequences for nursing].

PMID- 6443049
TI  - [Long-term care needs even if home nursing expands. Interview by Inger
      Lernevall].

PMID- 6443050
TI  - [A new type of long-term care in Hudiksvall. Care activities are more pleasant].

PMID- 6443051
TI  - [A new type of long-term care in Hudiksvall, continued. Disagreements on staffing
      and nurses' role].

PMID- 6443052
TI  - In vitro fertilization for male infertility.
AB  - Rising attention has recently focussed on the possibility of using the in vitro
      fertilization/embryo transfer procedure (IVF) in the treatment of male
      infertility. In this paper the Authors describe this application of IVF therapy
      with particular emphasis on the criteria employed for patient selection and
      pharmacological enhancement of sperm function.

PMID- 6443053
TI  - The importance of the FSH/LH ratio in ovarian stimulation therapy regime for in
      vitro fertilization.
AB  - In a retrospective study batches of hMG with different FSH/LH ratios, as well as
      pure FSH were used in two different stimulation protocols (Clomiphene/hMG and hMG
      only). The aim of this paper was to study the effect and importance of the
      different FSH/LH ratios if any, in ovarian stimulation during the follicular
      phase on the success of IVF. The results of our preliminary study indicate that
      as far as ovarian stimulation with Clomiphene/hMG is concerned, there seems to be
      no significant beneficial effect on IVF success of using pure FSH or gonadotropin
      preparations with higher FSH/LH ratios. With gonadotropin only for ovarian
      stimulation however, the use of high FSH/LH ratio seems to significantly increase
      the pregnancy rate.

PMID- 6443054
TI  - Effect of the carbamate insecticide Sevin on Anabaena sp. and Westiellopsis
      prolifica.
AB  - Effect of the insecticide Sevin (50% w/v) was examined on survival, growth and
      nitrogen fixation of two filamentous blue-green algae, Anabaena sp. and
      Westiellopsis prolifica. Lower concentration of the insecticide (10
      micrograms/ml) increased survival, growth and nitrogen fixation while higher
      concentrations showed an inhibitory effect.

PMID- 6443055
TI  - Hydroxylamine inactivation of cephalosporins: nucleophilic attack on beta-lactam
      structures.
AB  - Cephalosporins are not degraded by hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in neutral and acidic
      solutions. Their reaction with NH2OH in slightly alkaline solutions leads to
      microbiological inactivation which seems to be a structure dependent phenomenon.
      In these experiments the mandelic acid-type compounds appear to be quite stable
      to the effect of NH2OH, whereas, cefazolin is gradually degraded and the straight
      chain-containing cephalosporins are variably inactivated. The phenylglycine-type
      oral cephalosporins were generally sensitive to the alkaline conditions used in
      these tests and apparently are not inactivated by NH2OH. On the contrary, the
      phenylglycine-type cephalosporins seem to be somewhat stabilized in the presence
      of NH2OH.

PMID- 6443056
TI  - [Gonadal function in anorexia nervosa patients in the postcritical phase].
AB  - Resuming of menstruation is generally held as a hall mark of recovery in Anorexia
      Nervosa. Nevertheless, fifteen young women (17 to 28 years old) consulted us
      about secondary amenorrhea while the acute phase of illness was over. Basal
      gonadotropins and Estradiol (E2) were measured and a GnRH- TRH stimulation test
      was performed. Two groups of patients were considered: A - 7 patients with a
      normal Body Weight Index; B - 8 patients with a Body Weight Index still low. (-
      20% - 30%). In group A, 6 out of 7 patients had a early onset of anorexia nervosa
      (within two years after menarche). In group B, 6 out of 8 patients had a late
      onset of their disease (more than five years after puberty). As for Body Weight,
      it seems that the prognosis is better when Anorexia Nervosa occurs within few
      years after menarche. By comparison with normal women of same age explored in
      early follicular phase, our population of Anorexia Nervosa showed no significant
      difference in basal levels of F.S.H., L.H., E2. Cumulative Response F.S. H./L.H.
      was slightly increased (= 1) compared with normal control (= 0,34). Basal and
      stimulated Prl were normal. When Body Weight Index was still low, LH and E2 were
      decreased whereas cumulative response F.S. H./L.H. was dramatically increased. A
      correlation between E2 and Body Weight Index was shown, low E2 usually fitting
      well with Low Body Weight Index. Prognosis is poorer for recovery of normal
      gonadal function in late onset Anorexia Nervosa. Nevertheless, in each group,
      some patients escaped this rule. Induction of ovulation with Clomifene let us
      disappointed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443057
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and
      dimethylsuberimidate on enzyme activity in the bovine dental pulp.

PMID- 6443058
TI  - Advances in management of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6443059
TI  - Obtention of Sm antigen from L5178 murine lymphoma malignant cells.

PMID- 6443060
TI  - [Behavior of polyphenoloxidases in food].
AB  - One of the problems in the handling and processing of various kinds of fruits, is
      the enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning. The polyphenoloxidases are strictly
      related with the first aspect, needing therefore, more attention from the
      scientists and food industries. These enzymes oxidize mono, di and polyphenols in
      the presence of molecular oxygen, producing dopachromes which are polymerized to
      melanins as a final product. Their mechanism of action, however, is still
      unknown. The purpose of this article is to provide specific information as to the
      nature and behavior of the polyphenoloxidases found in different kinds of fruits
      and foods.

PMID- 6443061
TI  - [Serum zinc in Brazilian children of families of low income].
AB  - Serum zinc was measured in 103 Brazilian children from low income families, 3
      months to 6 years of age, with the purpose of characterizing their zinc
      nutritional status. Serum albumin was determined in some of the children studied.
      They were grouped in three categories according to the adequacy of height for age
      and weight for height indices related to the growth curves determined for
      Brazilian children. There were 30 normal, 18 acutely malnourished and five
      chronically malnourished children. This criteria was complemented by the Gomez
      criteria. Thirty healthy adults of both sexes served as a reference group for the
      analytical procedures. In the adults, serum zinc was 107.5 +/- 14.5
      micrograms/dl, similar to values observed by other investigators, and
      significantly higher than in all of the children studied. Serum zinc of normal
      children was 98.3 +/- 15.7 micrograms/dl. It decreased with the degree of
      malnutrition, being significant for second degree acutely malnourished (87.8 +/-
      9.2 micrograms/dl; p less than 0.05) and chronically malnourished children (68.7
      +/- 8.9 micrograms/dl; p less than 0.001). Serum zinc and albumin correlated
      significantly (r = 0.51; n = 37; p less than 0.01), particularly in the severely
      malnourished children (r = 0.63; n = 8; p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6443062
TI  - [Influence of nutrition on the bone development of children].
AB  - The effect of nutrition on infant bone age was studied. Bone age was examined in
      children with different degrees of malnutrition using wrist X-Rays and comparing
      them with Greulich and Pyle Atlas. There were no differences in the socioeconomic
      level of the different groups. In obese children bone age was advanced, while in
      under-nourished, it was retarded. The more severe the undernutrition the more
      delayed the bone age. A positive correlation between the percentage of variation
      of bone age and chronological age, and percentage of height for age was found. A
      greater delay in bone age was detected in undernourished children who had been
      small for date infants.

PMID- 6443063
TI  - [Biological evaluation, in rats and in humans, of a milk product without lactose,
      and of a soybean protein formula for use in protein-calorie malnutrition].
AB  - Protein quality of a lactose-free milk (LFM) was compared with a soy-protein
      isolate (SPI) by means of the PER and 24-hour nitrogen balance methods performed
      with 16 infants with protein-energy malnutrition. PER was 1.19 for the SPI, value
      which is significantly lower than that of 2.28 obtained for LFM, and 2.71 for
      casein. Nitrogen absorption of LFM and SPI was 80%. The biological value of both
      formulas did not differ significantly; however, in six month-old babies or
      younger with severe malnutrition, nitrogen retention was higher with LFM than
      with SPI. On the other hand, nitrogen retention was higher in infants 11 and 12
      months old with moderate malnutrition fed the SPI formula. The results suggest
      that both formulas are good alternatives for the treatment of infants with
      protein-energy malnutrition and lactose intolerance.

PMID- 6443064
TI  - [Rapid storage assay for the study of the loss of nutritive value of bean flour
      (Phaseolus vulgaris) proteins].
AB  - The loss of the nutritive value of bean flour protein was studied through a
      kinetic assay on the loss of available lysine of the flour at high temperatures
      (70-110 degrees C) and at different moisture contents. Lysine loss followed a
      first-order reaction kinetics; the activation energies for the different moisture
      levels were calculated and ranged between 8-13 kcal/mole. The moisture content
      had a very important effect on the rate of loss of available lysine. Kinetic
      parameters at high temperatures were used to predict the retention of available
      lysine at 34 degrees C; these values were in accordance with those obtained by
      storing bean flour with different moisture contents, at 34 degrees C.

PMID- 6443065
TI  - [Nutritional aspects of the surgical cardiac patient].

PMID- 6443066
TI  - [The antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide].

PMID- 6443067
TI  - Effect of rebreathing on psychomotor skills when wearing integral crash helmets.
AB  - Nine volunteer subjects underwent psychomotor testing when wearing an integral
      crash helmet in a variety of conditions which lead to rebreathing. There was a
      wide individual variation in the extent of rebreathing. In the worst conditions
      the minimum inspired carbon dioxide tension (PICO2) increased to 2.6 kPa. The
      psychomotor test was a tracking test based on a microcomputer. There was a
      significant deterioration in the ability to perform the test when the helmet was
      worn with the visor down and restricted airflow into the helmet (P = less than
      0.05). In those tests when the minimum PICO2 exceeded 0.5 kPa the decrease in
      performance was more highly statistically significant (p = less than 0.005).
      Rebreathing wearing integral crash helmets results in a variable impairment in
      the subjects' ability to perform a tracking test. We recommend that the maximum
      level of CO2 retention inside integral crash helmets should not exceed 0.5 kPa
      minimum PICO2.

PMID- 6443068
TI  - Effect of ethanol on tyrosine hydroxylation in brain regions of long and short
      sleep mice.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on the in vivo rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in 6 brain
      regions was examined in two lines of mice selectively bred for a differential
      sensitivity to ethanol. The mice are designated long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep
      (SS) and lose their righting reflex for a duration of 100 minutes (LS) and 13
      minutes (SS) following an intraperitoneal dose of ethanol of 4.0 g/kg. DOPA
      accumulation after NSD-1015 administration was measured in the absence and
      presence of ethanol (4.0 g/kg, IP) in the periods 5-35 minutes and 85-115 minutes
      after saline or ethanol. There were no differences between the lines in either
      basal catecholamine levels or basal tyrosine hydroxylation rates (as measured by
      DOPA accumulation) in any brain region except the cerebellum, where the
      norepinephrine content in the SS mice is 33% greater and the tyrosine
      hydroxylation rate is 25% higher than that in the LS mice. In the presence of
      ethanol, there was a differential effect on the in vivo tyrosine hydroxylation
      rate. In the cerebellum of both LS and SS mice there was a decreased rate of
      tyrosine hydroxylation in the early period after ethanol, but the rate in the
      cerebellum of SS mice returned to the control value at 85-115 min. At that time,
      the rate in LS mice is still decreased. In the locus ceruleus, hypothalamus and
      frontal cortex, ethanol has no effect on the rate of tyrosine hydroxylation in
      either LS or SS mice during the early period, but ethanol decreases the rate
      during the later period in the LS mice only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443069
TI  - Differential effects of ethanol on luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating
      hormone and prolactin secretion in the female rat.
AB  - Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin
      (Prl) levels were determined in ovariectomized rats following short-term (3 day)
      ethanol (ETOH) administration. ETOH was given either as an ETOH-saline solution,
      or via a liquid diet regimen (Bio-Serve, Inc.). Rats receiving the ETOH-saline
      solution (3.0 g ETOH/kg) were injected via a permanent gastric cannula every 8 hr
      for 3 consecutive days, while control animals received injections of saline only.
      Each animal receiving the liquid diet regimen was provided with 40 ml of the ETOH
      or the isocaloric control diet ad lib during the lights-off period, followed by
      40 ml of the respective diet via the gastric cannula (4 injections of 10 ml each)
      equally divided over the lights-on period. Additional control animals were
      cannulated and maintained on Lab Chow and water, but were left untreated. Both
      groups of ETOH-treated rats had significantly lower serum LH levels with
      significantly higher Prl levels when compared to values in their respective
      control animals. By contrast, ETOH failed to alter FSH levels. These data
      indicate that ETOH can differentially affect LH, FSH, and Prl secretion following
      short-term ETOH exposure. The dissociation observed between LH and FSH secretion
      following ETOH supports the hypothesis that there are separate hypothalamic
      control mechanisms for LH and FSH secretion.

PMID- 6443070
TI  - Comparative effects of long-term ethanol consumption and forebrain lesions on
      maze learning and active avoidance behavior in rats.
AB  - Male rats consumed a liquid diet containing 10.7% ethanol as their only source of
      food and fluid for 6.5 months, beginning at 2 months of age. During withdrawal,
      there were no differences between the alcohol group and their pair-fed or free
      fed controls on EEG, body temperature, irritability and tremor measures. In
      behavioral tests begun 4-5 weeks after withdrawal, the rats that had consumed
      alcohol acquired accurate spatial behavior in a cross maze task more slowly than
      controls, but were unimpaired in shuttle-avoidance learning. In concurrent
      studies with groups of rats that had sustained lesions of the dorsal hippocampus,
      the mamillary bodies (MMB), or the mediodorsal thalamus, the pattern of
      behavioral deficits after MMB lesions was found to be qualitatively similar to
      that observed after the cessation of long-term alcohol consumption. These
      findings provide renewed hope that a useful rodent model for studying the
      neuropsychology of cognitive deficits associated with human alcoholism can be
      developed.

PMID- 6443071
TI  - [The effects of long-term therapy on the psychophysical performance of
      alcoholics].

PMID- 6443072
TI  - [Use of the Rickettsia tsutsugamushi tissue culture antigen in serological
      investigation].

PMID- 6443073
TI  - [Growth characteristics of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus propagating in
      primary kidney cells of mouse].

PMID- 6443074
TI  - Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal ulcers.
AB  - Six cases are described of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ulcerative keratitis in which
      antibiotic sensitivity studies demonstrate organism resistance to gentamicin
      sulfate but sensitivity to other aminoglycosides such as tobramycin and amikacin.
      In four cases, community-acquired infections represent the source of these
      ulcers. This paper documents the emergence of aminoglycoside resistance among
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis within the general community.

PMID- 6443075
TI  - [Alveoloplasty with synthetic hydroxyapatite implants].

PMID- 6443076
TI  - [Osseointegrated implants (tissue integrated prosthesis)].

PMID- 6443077
TI  - [Endosseous endodontic implants with titanium and Co-Cr alumina-coated pins].

PMID- 6443078
TI  - [High temperature casting investment--changes following 1 year of storage].

PMID- 6443079
TI  - [Apatite ceramic implants].

PMID- 6443080
TI  - [Low speed handpieces that make grinding easily visible].

PMID- 6443081
TI  - [Enlarging root canals with ultrasonics].

PMID- 6443082
TI  - [Endosseous implantation of Bioceram materials].

PMID- 6443083
TI  - [Pins and buttons for endosseous, endodontic implantation of Bioceram materials].

PMID- 6443084
TI  - [Blade implant with shape memory].

PMID- 6443085
TI  - [Hypercoagulative state and thrombelastography in severe preeclampsia].

PMID- 6443086
TI  - [Compensatory testicular hypertrophy after unilateral castration. Contribution to
      the problem of searching for the factor initiating the onset of sex maturation].

PMID- 6443087
TI  - [Effect of tissue growth factors and various hormones on DNA synthesis and cyclic
      nucleotide content of splenic lymphoid cells cultivated in vitro].

PMID- 6443088
TI  - Differential sensory and motor blockade after spinal cocaine in the rat and
      marmoset.
AB  - Various concentrations of local anaesthetic agents have been injected into the
      rat and marmoset via a chronically implanted cannula in the subarachnoid space.
      In the rat, cocaine at a concentration of 0.125% produced analgesia without motor
      blockade whereas higher concentrations produced motor blockade in some animals.
      No clear differentiation could be shown with any concentrations of lignocaine or
      bupivacaine. In the marmoset, 0.125% cocaine resulted in sensory block in four
      out of five marmosets without motor blockade, whereas 0.25% cocaine produced
      motor block in two out of four marmosets. It would appear that differential
      blockade of sensory function without motor loss can be achieved by cocaine. New
      local anaesthetics based on cocaine or similar chemical structures would seem
      potentially valuable.

PMID- 6443089
TI  - Does geographical location influence inflow requirements of the Bain breathing
      system?
AB  - A review of publications from various countries, using the Bain system with a
      fresh gas flow of 70 ml kg-1 min-1 and controlled ventilation, show a range of
      mean PaCO2 values between 36 and 43 mmHg. It was suggested that these differences
      could be related to the geographic location of the patient population studied.
      Anaesthetists from seven institutions in West Germany, England, Sweden, the
      United States, Australia and Canada collaborated in a preliminary study designed
      to find out whether these differences could be reduplicated. In 142 patients
      under a standard anaesthesia with controlled ventilation, PaCO2 values were
      determined 30 min after the fresh gas flows had been set. For 70 ml kg-1 min-1
      the mean PaCO2 values ranged from 33 to 40 mmHg; for 100 ml kg-1 min-1 from 28 to
      35 mmHg. Compared to the mean PaCO2 values from Canada, the results from
      Australia and the USA were not different and all at the lower end of this range;
      Sweden, West Germany and England reported significantly higher PaCO2 values. In
      the absence of any other obvious explanation, we suggest that patients in England
      and Northern Europe could have a higher CO2 output under anaesthesia than North
      American or Australian patients.

PMID- 6443090
TI  - Ventilatory response to progressive curarization in patients during light
      halothane, N2O in O2 anaesthesia.
AB  - The effects of progressive curarization on spontaneous ventilation were studied
      in 23 patients during light halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. In 11
      patients, in whom the end-expiratory CO2 concentration and evoked mechanical
      response were recorded, increasing curarization caused first a slow CO2
      accumulation and later an abrupt ventilatory impairment at a twitch tension of
      between 5 and 50% of original muscle strength. In 12 patients, in whom the evoked
      integrated hypothenar EMG, spontaneous frontal EMG and mean frequency and
      amplitude of the EEG were recorded, the spontaneous frontal EMG and ventilation
      diminished within 3 min, following the first 5 mg dose of tubocurarine. At this
      stage muscle strength, indicated by the amplitude of the evoked EMG and the train
      of-four ratio, was unchanged. Repeated 5 mg doses of tubocurarine caused an
      almost linear decrease in ventilation and an increase in end-tidal CO2
      concentration without affecting the rate of breathing until the sudden impairment
      of ventilation that occurred usually after the fourth dose of tubocurarine. The
      EEG changes during curarization were minimal and no common trend was seen. The
      results suggest that tubocurarine may be given to anaesthetized patients in a
      dose which is too small to produce, using the evoked EMG, a detectable
      neuromuscular block, but is sufficient to cause ventilatory depression without a
      compensatory increase in the rate of breathing.

PMID- 6443091
TI  - Accuracy of prediction of fresh gas flow requirements during spontaneous
      breathing with the T-piece.
AB  - In 40 spontaneously breathing children (7.3-47.9 kg) anaesthetized with halothane
      for minor surgical procedures the fresh gas flow (FGF) at onset of rebreathing
      (FGFr) was determined and end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2), minute ventilation
      (VE), tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rates (f) were registered. The accuracy
      of predicting the FGFr from 2 X VE, 3 X VE and from two formulae (FGF = 15 X kg X
      f and FGF = 3 X (1000 + 100 X kg) was evaluated. FGFr ranged from 3.5 to 10 l min
      1. FGF calculated from 2 X VE was inadequate. Calculations of FGF from 3 X VE and
      with the two formulae gave an adequate FGF in more than 80% of the children. No
      serious under-estimations were found. In a few cases FGF level was overestimated
      by more than 150%. It is suggested that when the theoretical calculation of FGF
      results in flow rates well over 10 l min-1 an upper flow rate limit of 10 l min-1
      may be used in children weighing less than 30 kg since no child required a FGF
      over this rate.

PMID- 6443092
TI  - Cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal changes during isoflurane N2O anaesthesia.
AB  - Isoflurane was used in 10 ASA I or II female patients, undergoing hysterectomy.
      It was given at a constant inspired concentration of 1.3% in a 50% N2O/50% O2
      mixture, after induction of anaesthesia using etomidate (0.3 mg kg-1) and
      intubation following pancuronium (0.1 mg kg-1). No analgesic supplement was
      given. The patients were hyperventilated minimally (PaCO2 4.7-5.3 kPa). At
      standardized times (before induction, after induction, 5', 25', 50' and 75' min
      after surgical incision, awake and awake +60'), cardiovascular (blood pressure,
      cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate), respiratory (blood gases), metabolic
      (oxygen consumption, blood glucose) and hormonal (noradrenaline, adrenaline,
      cortisol, prolactin) changes were measured. Blood pressure changes were very
      moderate (mean values were lower than before induction), but heart rate was
      increased significantly. Decreases in stroke volume and changes in cardiac output
      were not significant. Oxygen consumption was decreased below basal values during
      surgery. Blood glucose levels increased significantly in the course of surgery
      and remained raised postoperatively. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels
      increased significantly. At each examination time, cortisol levels were decreased
      significantly. Prolactin levels had decreased significantly 75 mins after
      incision and remained low 60 mins after awakening.

PMID- 6443094
TI  - [Effect of gamma-interferon on the adherence of streptococci to different murine
      cell lines].
AB  - In the present study we analyze IFN-gamma capability to modulate bacterial
      adherence of group A Streptococci to murine cells such as fibroblast (L-929) or
      phagocytic cells (P 388 and PP-induced macrophages). IFN-gamma increases
      adherence of Streptococci to macrophages but not to L-929 cells. This finding
      could have important implication for the "in vivo" adhesion of bacteria to
      phagocytic cells.

PMID- 6443093
TI  - [Effect of chelating agents on the walls of root canals: scanning electron
      microscopy observations].

PMID- 6443095
TI  - [Gamma-interferon: physico-chemical and biological characteristics].
AB  - In the present study we discuss some aspects of the Interferon System, with
      particular regard to the immune interferon (IFN-gamma) that, besides its
      antiviral activity, displays the capability to modulate the immune response
      against a variety of antigens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and tumor
      cells.

PMID- 6443096
TI  - Effects of different bacterial endotoxins on the drinking behaviour of the rat.
AB  - Endotoxins of Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, and Shigella sonnei, when given in a single intravenous injection in
      the rat, showed antidipsogenic effects on drinking behaviour stimulated by 48 h
      water deprivation, or by intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol (250 ng).
      In water deprived rats, the antidipsogenic effect was dose related. When drinking
      was induced by carbachol, endotoxins showed a very long-lasting inhibition. The
      effect was neither a consequence of behavioural alterations, nor due endotoxin
      peripheral vasodilatating properties.

PMID- 6443097
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological study of 256 cases of acute viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6443098
TI  - [Determination of total lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in ascitic
      fluid].

PMID- 6443100
TI  - Variations of diaphragmatic crura in primates.

PMID- 6443099
TI  - [Analysis of gastric secretion. Description of the procedure. Calculation using
      computers].

PMID- 6443101
TI  - Studies on the action of tumour promoters and antipromoters on respiratory-tract
      epithelium.
AB  - Studies were carried out to examine the susceptibility of normal and initiated
      tracheal epithelial cells of rats to known tumour-promoting agents. The ability
      of normal rat tracheal epithelial cells to form colonies in cultures was enhanced
      markedly by addition of known tumour promoters to the medium. Several retinoids
      were shown to reduce the ability of these cells to form colonies in culture and
      to inhibit this effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). A
      transformation assay of tracheal epithelial cells was used to study promotional
      effects of TPA in cultures initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
      In this assay, four stages of transformation are recognized. TPA did not affect
      measurably the first two transformation stages, i.e., the development of
      transformed colonies (enhanced growth variants) and the 'immortalization' of
      enhanced growth variant-derived subcultures. However, treatment of cultures with
      TPA during the early post-initiation period resulted in a marked enhancement of
      the appearance of the third transformed phenotype, which is characterized by
      anchorage independence of growth. The findings of these in-vitro initiation
      promotion studies paralleled, in all major respects, the results obtained in in
      vivo - in-vitro studies. Tracheas exposed in vivo to initiator and promoter were
      shown to develop the same transformants observed in the in-vitro assay. TPA
      affected primarily the late anchorage-independence phenotype. Parallel tumour
      induction studies showed that TPA increased markedly the incidence of tracheal
      carcinomas following initiation with a low dose of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The studies thus demonstrate that TPA is an effective
      tumour promoter for rat tracheal epithelium, causing an increase in tracheal
      carcinomas. They further suggest that the action of TPA on an early transformed
      cellular phenotype enhances the development of later phenotypes, including
      neoplastic cell variants.

PMID- 6443102
TI  - Stages of tumour promotion in skin.

PMID- 6443103
TI  - Membrane-mediated responses to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in human skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects on primary human skin fibroblasts of the structurally unrelated
      tumour promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin B were
      compared with those of epidermal growth factor and the non-promoting derivative 4
      O-methyl TPA by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both TPA and
      teleocidin B caused a marked increase in the synthesis of two polypeptides of
      molecular weights 44 kilodaltons (P44) and 55 kilodaltons (P55). P55 was
      complexed in cell lysates by antiactin antibody and was shown to be a component
      of the cytoskeleton. P44 migrated very near to actin, but it was shown not to be
      a variant form of actin. No such specific increase in polypeptide synthesis was
      observed following treatment with either epidermal growth factor or 4-O-methyl
      TPA. TPA inhibited the beta-adrenergic hormone response in the same human skin
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6443104
TI  - Interaction of phorbol derivatives with replicating cells.
AB  - The significance of the interaction of phorbol derivatives with replicating cells
      has been studied in HeLa cells and in tumour promotion experiments. Dose-response
      relationships for the radiomimetic activity of phorbol derivatives in HeLa cells
      (Kinzel et al., 1980) were obtained by analysis of the degree of transient
      blockage in G2 phase of the cell cycle. HeLa cells are shown to be one order of
      magnitude more sensitive to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) than to
      equally mitogenic and irritant but much less promoting derivatives. The
      susceptibility of HeLa cells reflects the promoting capacity of these compounds.
      Studies on effects of modifiers on TPA-induced G2 blockage indicate that the
      influence of TPA, even in a single cell cycle phase, may be the result of a
      'multiple site' attack. The significance of the interaction of TPA with
      replicating mouse epidermal cells in tumour promotion has been demonstrated in
      animal experiments after initiation with 7-12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by using
      a two-stage protocol which effects promotion with a single dose of TPA followed
      by repeated treatment with 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate (Furstenberger et al.,
      1981). A single dose of the inhibitor of DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea, given to
      groups of mice at different times before and after treatment with TPA interferes
      with tumour formation; almost complete inhibition is observed after 18 h. The
      interaction of TPA and DNA-synthesizing cells seems to be of crucial importance
      to the first stage of tumour promotion.

PMID- 6443105
TI  - Enhancement of primate retrovirus synthesis by tumour promoters.
AB  - The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin
      were found to be effective in stimulating the synthesis of primate retroviruses
      in chronically infected human cells. Production of baboon endogenous virus,
      simian sarcoma virus of woolly monkeys, Mason-Pfizer virus of rhesus monkeys and
      of a type D isolate from a human cell line was evaluated by assaying particle
      associated reverse transcriptase activities in culture fluids of cells grown in
      the presence or absence of tumour promoters. Both TPA and teleocidin caused a
      significant but transient increase in virus production, as well as
      cytomorphological changes in the following infected cell types: human embryonic
      kidney, Tu 197 human ovarian carcinoma cells, NC 37 human lymphoblastoid line.
      However, infected A 204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells were not modified by these
      promoters. The stimulation of virus production reached its maximum after two to
      four days, at which time virus production was three to forty times higher than
      that in controls. The optimal concentration of tumour promoters was 5-10 ng/mL.
      12-O-Retinoylphorbol-13-acetate produced a similar but somewhat weaker effect.
      Control experiments demonstrated that enhancement was specific to those viruses
      that chronically infected each cell type.

PMID- 6443106
TI  - On the role of tumour promotion in chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6443107
TI  - Drugs and environmental chemicals as promoters.

PMID- 6443108
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus infection in Tunisia].
AB  - Recent reports show that the frequency of HBsAg varies around 4 to 6% in most
      Mediterranean and Middle East countries. Those areas are therefore considered as
      areas of intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The
      purpose of this study is to investigate the HBV global situation in Tunisia, by
      means of third generation testing methods. Blood samples were obtained from 3
      distinct population groups from Tunis: blood donors, consisting of young male
      adults staff members and patients from 4 haemodialysis units patients with either
      acute hepatitis or liver cirrhosis They were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti
      HBc by radioimmunoassay tests. HBsAg was detected in 6.5% of the young male
      adults, and approximately 60% had either anti-HBs or anti-HBc antibodies.
      Haemodialysis staff members and patients respectively displayed 9.1% and 19.5% of
      HBsAg positivity, but an increase of HBsAg positivity and of all HBV serum
      markers in relation to the amount of time spent in dialysis units was shown among
      the patients. After 3 years of dialysis sessions, none remained seronegative.
      HBsAg was detected in approximately two-thirds of the patients with acute
      hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, and all cirrhosis patients had at least one HBV
      serum marker. These global results stress the importance of HBV infection in
      Tunisia. Immunization against hepatitis B virus therefore has to be considered.
      Nevertheless, the immunization strategy must take into account the
      epidemiological and economic characteristics of the country.

PMID- 6443109
TI  - Conjugates of mitomycin C with the immunoglobulin M monomer fragment of a
      monoclonal anti-MM46 immunoglobulin M antibody with or without serum albumin as
      intermediary.
AB  - In studies on antitumor antibody-drug conjugates as potential antitumor agents
      with improved tumor specificity, conjugates of mitomycin C (MMC) with the IgMs
      fragment of a monoclonal IgM antibody to a tumor-associated antigen (MM antigen)
      on mouse mammary tumor MM46 cell (anti-MM46 IgMs) were prepared by direct and
      bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated indirect conjugation. MMC was linked to the
      IgMs and BSA by the use of 1a-[4-(N-succinimidoxycarbonyl)butyryl]mitomycin C,
      which allowed the slow release of MMC. In the indirect conjugation, the thiol
      group of BSA was first protected as the 2-pyridyldithio group and, after the MMC
      binding, regenerated with dithiothreitol, and the resulting BSA-MMC was reacted
      with the IgMs having the maleimide group introduced with N-succinimidyl m-(N
      maleimido)benzoate. Anti-MM46 IgMs-MMC was more cytotoxic against the target MM
      antigen-positive but Thy 1.2 antigen-negative MM46 cells than control anti-Thy
      1.2 IgM-MMC. No such selective cytotoxicity was observed between anti-MM46 IgMs
      MMC and anti-Thy 1.2 IgMs-MMC against the MM antigen- and Thy 1.2 antigen
      negative MM48 cells. Anti-MM46 IgMs-BSA-MMC was more cytotoxic against MM46 cells
      than was a mixture of unconjugated anti-MM46 IgMs and BSA-MMC.

PMID- 6443110
TI  - Isolation of cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414.
AB  - Two cellobiohydrolases and two endoglucanases were purified from a culture
      filtrate of the fungus Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 by simple and straightforward
      purification techniques. Molecular weights, isoelectric points, amino acid
      compositions, and carbohydrate contents are reported.

PMID- 6443111
TI  - New method for covalent immobilization of proteins to cellulose and cellulose
      derivatives.
AB  - Cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose are treated consecutively with sodium
      periodate and urea. The interaction of urea derivatives with formaldehyde results
      in highly reactive groups, capable of further condensation with the amino acid
      residues of the proteins. The condensation of chymotrypsin, pepsin, and ovomucoid
      with such activated matrices has been studied in the pH interval 2 to 10.
      Differences have been found in the binding properties of basic and acid proteins.
      Satisfactory values have been obtained concerning the relative enzymatic and
      inhibitory activity of the immobilized products with respect to high- and low
      molecular substrates. Chymotrypsin, immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose
      matrix, is found to manifest better catalytic properties compared with
      chymotrypsin immobilized on cellulose matrix. A probable sequence of the stages
      of chemical activation of the matrices and covalent binding of the proteins to
      them has been proposed. The main advantages of the proposed method consist of the
      high reactivity of the binding group in a wide pH range, its suitable length, and
      its easy synthesis.

PMID- 6443112
TI  - Validation of a bioassay for follitropin in urine samples.

PMID- 6443113
TI  - Inhibin.

PMID- 6443114
TI  - [Clinical assessment of coronary vascular stiffness and tone by pressure-diameter
      relationships of the coronary arteries].
AB  - To assess the elastic properties of the human coronary arteries, we investigated
      dynamic pressure-diameter relationship (P-D loop) of the left main coronary
      artery (LMCA) using cine coronary arteriography (CAG). Intracoronary pressures
      were ascertained using a high-fidelity manometer placed in the sinus of Valsalva,
      and the caliber of the coronary artery was measured from the magnified (4-inch
      image intensifier) CAG using a computerized image processing technique. The
      dynamic incremental elastic moduli (Ep = (delta P/delta D) X D, delta P: pulse
      pressure, delta D: change in coronary diameter in a cardiac cycle, D: mean
      diameter) were calculated from P-D loops of the coronary arteries for assessing
      their elastic properties. To test the hypothesis that coronary arterial wall
      stiffness increases with age and/or arteriosclerosis involvement, the coronary
      arterial elastic properties (Ep) of the LMCA were studied in normal subjects
      ranging widely in age (41 to 68 years of age) and in patients with coronary
      artery disease but without narrowing of their LMCAs. Furthermore, to assess the
      effects of coronary vasoactive agents, nitroglycerin (NG) and ergonovine maleate
      (EM), on coronary vascular tone, a shift of the P-D loops and a change in the Ep
      were also studied. The study population consisted of 40 patients who underwent
      CAG because of chest pain and abnormal ECG. Thirty-four patients without angina
      at rest were categorized in three groups (G) according to CAG findings; G-1: 15
      normal subjects, G-2: eight patients with single vessel disease, G-3: 11 patients
      with multi-vessel disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443115
TI  - [Vasodilator therapy in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A comparative study of venodilating and veno-arterial dilating drugs was
      conducted for clinical patients and for experimental animals. The subjects were
      21 patients with ischemic heart disease associated with left ventricular failure.
      Fourteen patients received venodilators alone (Group I), and seven were
      administrated venoarterial dilators alone (Group II). At the time of the maximum
      effect, the two groups showed similar improvement. In Group I, the left
      ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) was reduced from 24 to 16 mmHg and the
      cardiac index (CI) was increased from 2.5 to 2.8 l/min/m2. In Group II, the LVFP
      was similarily reduced from 27 to 16 and the CI increased from 2.4 to 2.9. The
      effects of each drug on the total vascular resistance/LVEP were similar in both
      groups. In animals with partial occlusion of the left anterior descending artery,
      intravenous administration of nitroglycerin (TNG) or nitroprusside (NPS) lowered
      the aortic pressure stepwise at intervals of 10 mmHg from a mean of 130 mmHg. As
      a result, segmental shortening was improved either by TNG or NPS. However, when
      the systolic aortic pressure was decreased below 100 mmHg, segmental shortening
      of the ischemic area was aggravated in dogs receiving either drug. The end
      diastolic length showed no difference between the dogs administrated TNG and NPS.
      When the effects of TNG and nifedipine (NFP) were compared to those in dogs with
      the old infarcted myocardium, both drugs produced improvement in hypokinetic
      segments. TNG induced a decrease in the end-diastolic length, whereas NFP
      revealed no changes, reflecting different modes of improvement.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443116
TI  - In vitro fertilization results, 1979-1982, at Monash University, Queen Victoria,
      and Epworth Medical Centres.
AB  - Studies on in vitro fertilization were begun at Monash University in 1970. A
      review is presented summarizing developments since then, culminating in pregnancy
      rates of 18% in 1980, 22% in 1981, and 19% in 1982.

PMID- 6443117
TI  - Human in vitro fertilization employing individualized ovulation induction by
      human menopausal gonadotropins.
AB  - One hundred six women suffering from obstructive tubal disease not corrected by
      previous surgery were treated in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program.
      Ovulation was induced by 3 amps of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)/day
      starting on the third day of the cycle for 5 days. In most of the patients the
      regimen was continued for another 1-3 days, depending on the individual's ovarian
      response (mean, 20 +/- 5 amps/cycle). Monitoring consisted of daily follicular
      ultrasonography and serum estradiol measurements. Human chorionic gonadotropin
      (HCG), 10,000 IU, was administered when more than two large (1.5 to 1.8 cm in
      diameter) follicles were visualized. Using this regimen, a mean of five follicles
      per woman was aspirated, from which a mean of 3.9 ova was recovered. The oocytes
      were pre-incubated for 8 or 24 hr, according to the morphological degree of
      mucification and dispersal of the oocyte-corona-cumulus complex. Following
      exposure to washed spermatozoa for 16 hr, a 68% fertilization rate was obtained.
      Oocytes were transferred into the uterus 48 hr after laparoscopy. Ninety-nine
      transfers (93% of the women) of 1-8 embryos (mean, 2.9/woman) were performed and
      resulted in 16 clinical pregnancies. No pregnancies occurred in 14 women
      transferred with one to three oocytes in the pronuclear stage and only one
      pregnancy (7.1%) was obtained in 14 women transferred with one cleaved oocyte.
      Over 70% of the women were transferred with two or more cleaved oocytes: in this
      group the pregnancy/transfer rate was 21%. Of the pregnant women 5 of 16 (31%)
      aborted between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation and 1 (6%) had an ectopic
      pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443118
TI  - The occurrence of relaxin in hyperstimulated human preovulatory follicles
      collected in an in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - The avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method and antisera against highly purified
      porcine relaxin were utilized to localize relaxin-like immunoreactivity in
      biopsied specimens from six preovulatory follicles from four women undergoing
      laparoscopy for oocyte retrieval in an in vitro fertilization program. By
      histological criteria, three of the follicles were luteinized and three were not.
      Relaxin was found in the granulosa cells of those cells which showed histological
      luteinization, whereas no relaxin was found in the nonluteinized preovulatory
      follicles. Our results show, for the first time, the occurrence of relaxin in the
      human ovary before ovulation and they suggest that the appearance of relaxin is
      related to the luteinization process.

PMID- 6443119
TI  - The use of ovarian ultrasonography in monitoring ovulation induction.
AB  - Ovarian ultrasonography is a new diagnostic technique which has become almost
      essential in monitoring ovulation. Recent improvements in ultrasound technology
      have allowed for accurate assessment of the number and size of the developing
      follicles and their rate of growth, as well as ovulation and postovulatory
      events. In the nonstimulated cycle follicular size correlates well with optimal
      maturation and there is a linear correlation between follicular diameter and
      plasma estradiol (E2 levels). In stimulated cycles, because of asynchrony of
      various recruited cohorts of follicles, these rules are not as steadfast. These
      observations indicate that when there is endogenous gonadotropic activity,
      follicular growth stimulated by human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) does not
      develop synchronously. The aim should be, therefore, not only to improve the
      monitoring system but mainly to synchronize the cohorts of follicles recruited
      for development in any one cycle by a better regimen for ovulation induction. In
      view of the high success rate of hMG treatment in patients without endogenous
      gonadotropin secretion, it is tempting to speculate that inducing similar
      conditions in women with endogenous gonadotropin production may have a
      significant change in the pattern of follicular development in their conception
      rate.

PMID- 6443120
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo replacement at the Department of Obstetrics and
      Gynecology, University of Kiel, F.R.G.
AB  - From July 1982 until September 1983, 194 pelviscopies were performed in Kiel
      (phase I). The patients were stimulated either with Clomid/human menopausal
      gonadotropin hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or with Clomid/hCG or
      hMG/hCG alone. Follicular maturation was monitored by ultrasonography and the
      daily measured E2 and luteinizing hormone (LH) response. Surgic therapeutical
      pelviscopy with follicular puncture followed 36 hr after hCG application. Oocytes
      were incubated in either Ham's F-10 or Menezo B2 medium in an automatically gas
      controlled exsiccator. Forty-eight hours after insemination normal-looking four-
      to eight-cell embryos were replaced into the uterine cavity. Oocytes were
      successfully collected in 87.4% of the patients, with an average of 2.2 oocytes
      per patient. Eighteen pregnancies resulted of 101 embryo replacements. The
      overall pregnancy rate was 16.2% per replacement and 9.3% per pelviscopy.
      Undivided oocytes and polyploid embryos were analyzed cytogenetically. From
      October 1983 to October 1984 the overall pregnancy rate after 144 pelviscopies
      and 88 embryo replacements (phase II) improved to 23.9% per replacement and 14.6%
      per pelviscopy.

PMID- 6443121
TI  - Alteration of human follicular fluid plasminogen activator activity by ovarian
      hyperstimulation.
AB  - Recently, it has been shown that granulosa-cell secretion of plasminogen
      activator (PA) is responsive to luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) as well as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the rat and
      the pig. Accordingly, we asked whether PA activity in follicular fluid from
      exogenously stimulated human follicles was different from that of normal cycles
      and whether or not these activities correlated with follicular maturation as
      determined by follicular fluid steroid concentration. Follicular aspirates were
      obtained from women who were participating in an in vitro fertilization protocol.
      Follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were determined by
      established radioimmunoassay. PA activity, determined using a modified indirect
      solid-phase radioassay, was significantly less in follicles from patients treated
      with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) plus clomiphene (P less than 0.05)
      compared to untreated patients or those receiving hMG or clomiphene alone.
      Correlations of PA activity and follicular fluid steroid concentrations
      demonstrated no significant correlation in samples from treated patients. In
      contrast, untreated spontaneously cycling patients had a significant (r = 0.89, P
      less than 0.05), positive correlation between follicular fluid estradiol levels.
      There was no correlation between PA activity and follicular fluid progesterone
      levels in any of the groups. These results suggest that a subtle balance in
      granulosa-cell secretion of PA and steroid exists, which appears to be disrupted
      by follicular hyperstimulation during treatment of patients participating in in
      vitro fertilization protocols.

PMID- 6443122
TI  - The isolation of biological rhythm mutations on the autosomes of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - A selection for autosomal circadian rhythm variants in Drosophila melanogaster
      resulted in the isolation of 3 new mutants, all of which display an abnormal
      synchronization of daily rhythms to entraining environmental cycles. In
      populations of phase-angle-2 (psi-2) and phase-angle-3 (psi-3) mutants, daily
      peaks of adult emergence are hours earlier than normal when the strains are
      entrained to cycles of either light and dark or high and low temperature. Like an
      early-emerging strain previously isolated in Drosophila pseudoobscura, the psi
      strains have slightly lengthened periods for the circadian rhythm in adult
      emergence. In addition, psi-2 brings about an abnormal synchronization of
      locomotor activity to light-dark cycles and lengthens periods for the activity
      rhythm. The emergence of adults in a third mutant strain designated gat is poorly
      synchronized becoming aperiodic in conditions of continuous darkness and constant
      temperature.

PMID- 6443123
TI  - Identification of a cholinergic synapse in the giant fiber pathway of Drosophila
      using conditional mutations of acetylcholine synthesis.
AB  - Temperature-sensitive mutations of the choline acetyltransferase (Cha) gene,
      which lead to reduced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and acetylcholine
      (ACh) levels, have been used in an attempt to identify the neurotransmitter at a
      chemical synapse in the giant fiber pathway (GFP) of Drosophila melanogaster.
      Prolonged incubation of adult mutant flies at non-permissive temperatures blocked
      the response of this pathway to brain stimulation, whereas shorter incubation
      times disturbed various parameters of the normal response. Even at permissive
      temperature subnormal responses were still evident. These defects in the giant
      fiber pathway's function suggest a specific cholinergic synapse within the
      pathway, the first synapse of this type implicated in Drosophila. When the
      function of this synapse was experimentally stressed, disruptions of GFP function
      paralleling decreased ChAT activity began to appear at enzyme levels estimated to
      be approximately 80% of wild-type.

PMID- 6443124
TI  - The expression of neurogenic loci in imaginal epidermal cells of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Six zygotically expressed genomic loci of Drosophila melanogaster, N, bib, mam,
      neu, Dl and E (spl), have previously been found to be involved in the commitment
      of ectodermal cells as neuroblasts. We have studied phenotypes induced by various
      mutant alleles at these 6 loci in imaginal epidermal cells, in order to assess
      possible implications of the genes in functions other than early neurogenesis.
      When homozygous, any of these mutations except bib affected the development of
      bristles and compound eye in various ways. These range from cell death to the
      production of additional bristles and several defects in ommatidial patterning,
      depending on the allele used. In contrast clones of bib homozygous cells
      exhibited wild-type phenotypes. The differences found in the expression of the
      neurogenic genes are discussed with respect to a hypothesis on the genetic
      control of neurogenesis.

PMID- 6443125
TI  - Cost-effectiveness evaluation of a channel one program.

PMID- 6443126
TI  - Cost-effectiveness analysis of an educational drug abuse prevention program.

PMID- 6443127
TI  - A central Na+ receptor and its influence on osmotic and angiotensin II induced
      drinking in the pigeon Columbia livia.
AB  - Drinking in response to peripheral osmotic stimuli has been shown to be initiated
      via an osmoreceptor mechanism. Andersson and his colleagues, from work in the
      goat, have challenged this hypothesis. They have found that the CSF concentration
      of Na is the most important factor and that an increase causes thirst, ADH
      release, and a decrease in Na sodium appetite. We have investigated this subject
      using pigeons since they have large cerebroventricular spaces and are very rapid
      drinkers. Pigeons were found to respond normally to peripheral osmotic stimuli
      but only hypertonic NaCl centrally. Central infusions of water inhibited drinking
      in response to simultaneous i.v. infusions of 0.5 M NaCl or 1.0 M sucrose. The
      inhibition occurred only during the infusion and drinking recovered rapidly to
      normal shortly afterwards. Hypertonic sucrose (0.9 M) centrally inhibited
      drinking to the same peripheral stimuli whereas 0.3 M sucrose centrally blocked
      drinking only during i.v. infusion of 0.5 M NaCl but not i.v. 1.0 M sucrose.
      Drinking recovered rapidly after the infusion. Hypertonic NaCl centrally
      potentiated drinking to peripheral osmotic stimuli. Urine and electrolyte
      excretion was increased after hypertonic sucrose infused simultaneously i.c.v.
      and i.v. compared with other solutions infused i.c.v. and hypertonic sucrose i.v.
      Drinking induced by AII centrally was additive with hypertonic NaCl centrally.
      AII infused centrally in water halved the drinking response. AII infused
      peripherally was not affected by central decreases in Na but additive with
      increases. Thus there appears to be a central receptor mechanism for Na but it
      seems to act as a "permissive gate", rather than a potentiator, regulating
      drinking in response to peripheral or central osmotic stimuli or AII.

PMID- 6443128
TI  - An H1 histone gene from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii).
AB  - A 1.7-kbp DNA region from the 10.2-kb cluster containing the five rainbow trout
      histone genes has been subcloned in pBR322 and completely sequenced. It contains
      a trout histone H1 gene together with its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. This H1
      gene codes for a H1 variant different from the major trout testis H1 previously
      sequenced by Macleod et al. (1977). Northern blots of total RNA from trout
      testis, kidney, and liver indicate that this H1 gene is expressed in all three
      tissues but that the level of H1 mRNA is much higher in testis than in other
      tissues. The lack of heterogeneity in the sizes and 5' initiation sites of trout
      H1 mRNAs is surprising in view of the substantial heterogeneity of H1 variant
      proteins observed previously. The coding sequence of the H1 gene shows strong
      evidence of repeated partial duplications of a hexapeptide motif of the form
      Ala.Ala.Ala.Lys.Lys.Pro and of a pentapeptide phosphorylation-site sequence,
      Lys.Ser.Pro.Lys.Lys, during its evolution. Comparisons are drawn between this
      gene and the coding sequences of other vertebrate H1 genes from chicken and
      Xenopus, and a strong homology is seen in the region of amino acids 22-101, which
      form the hydrophobic "head" of the H1 molecule. The 5' and 3' regulatory signals
      in the trout H1 are also compared with those of H1 genes from other sequences.

PMID- 6443129
TI  - Pattern of nucleotide substitution and the extent of purifying selection in
      retroviruses.
AB  - The patterns of point mutation and nucleotide substitution are inferred from
      nucleotide differences in three coding and two noncoding regions of retroviral
      genomes. Evidence is presented in favor of the view that the majority of
      mutations accumulate at the reverse transcription stage. Purifying selection is
      apparently very weak at the amino acid level, and almost nonexistent between
      synonymous codons. The pattern of purifying selection obeys the rules previously
      established in vertebrates [Gojobori T, Li W-H, Graur D (1982) J Mol Evol 18:360
      369]; i.e., the magnitude of purifying selection at the amino acid level is
      negatively correlated with Grantham's [Grantham R (1974) Science 185: 862-864]
      chemical distances between the amino acids interchanged. We refute Modiano et
      al.'s [Modiano G, Battistuzzi G, Motulsky AG (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
      78:1110-1114] hypothesis, according to which the pattern of mutation is
      preadapted to buffer against deleterious mutations. On the contrary, the pattern
      of mutation reduces the level of conservativeness from that imposed on the amino
      acid substitution pattern by the structure of the genetic code. The
      extraordinarily high rate of nucleotide substitution in retroviruses in
      comparison with that in other organisms is apparently caused by an extremely high
      rate of mutation coupled with a lack of stringent purifying selection at both the
      codon and the amino acid levels.

PMID- 6443130
TI  - An estimate on the effect of point mutation and natural selection on the rate of
      amino acid replacement in proteins.
AB  - We outline a method for estimating quantitatively the influence of point
      mutations and selection on the frequencies of codons and amino acids. We show how
      the mutation rate, i.e., the rate of amino acid replacement due to point
      mutation, can be affected by the codon usage as well as by the rates of the
      involved base exchanges. A comparison of the mutation rates calculated from
      reliable values of codon usage and base exchange probabilities with those that
      would be expected on the basis of chance reveals a notable suppression of
      replacements leading to tryptophan, glutamate, lysine, and methionine, and
      particularly of those leading to the termination codons. If selection constraints
      are neglected and only mutations are taken into account, the best agreement
      between expected and observed frequencies of both codons and amino acids is
      obtained for alpha = 1.13-1.15, where (Formula: see text). The "selection values"
      of codons and amino acids derived by our method show a pattern that partially
      deviates from others in the literature. For example, the selection pressure on
      methionine and cysteine turns out to be much more pronounced than expected if
      only the discrepancies between their observed and expected occurrences in
      proteins are considered. To estimate to what extent randomly occurring amino acid
      replacements are accepted by selection, we constructed an "acceptability matrix"
      from the well-established matrix of accepted point mutations. On the basis of
      this matrix "acceptability values" of the amino acids can be defined that
      correlate with their selection values. We also examine the significance of
      mutations and selection of amino acids with respect to their physicochemical
      properties and functions in proteins. The conservatism of amino acid replacements
      with respect to certain properties such as polarity can be brought about by the
      mutational process alone, whereas the conservatism with respect to other relevant
      properties--among them all measures of bulkiness--obviously is the result of
      additional selectional constraints on the evolution of protein structures.

PMID- 6443131
TI  - Markov chain analysis finds a significant influence of neighboring bases on the
      occurrence of a base in eucaryotic nuclear DNA sequences both protein-coding and
      noncoding.
AB  - Sixty-four eucaryotic nuclear DNA sequences, half of them coding and half
      noncoding, have been examined as expressions of first-, second-, or third-order
      Markov chains. Standard statistical tests found that most of the sequences
      required at least second-order Markov chains for their representation, and some
      required chains of third order. For all 64 sequences the observed one-step second
      order transition count matrices were effective in predicting the two-step
      transition count matrices, and 56 of 64 were effective in predicting the three
      step transition count matrices. The departure from random expectation of the
      observed first- and second-order transition count matrices meant that a
      considerable sample of eucaryotic nuclear DNA sequences, both protein coding and
      noncoding, have significant local structure over subsequences of three to five
      contiguous bases, and that this structure occurs throughout the total length of
      the sequence. These results suggested that present DNA sequences may have arisen
      from the duplication, concatenation, and gradual modification of very early short
      sequences.

PMID- 6443132
TI  - Template-directed polynucleotide synthesis on mineral surfaces.
AB  - Ferric hydroxide, a plausible prebiotic material, strongly adsorbs
      polynucleotides. We show that adsorption on ferric hydroxide and on several other
      minerals has no effect, under the conditions studied, on the template-directed
      oligomerization of guanylic acid on polycytidylic acid.

PMID- 6443133
TI  - Effects of pH and lysine during detoxification of a hemorrhagic principle of Habu
      snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom with formalin on the immunogenicity of
      the toxoid.
AB  - A hemorrhagic principle (HR1B) isolated from the venom of Habu snake
      (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) was detoxified with formalin at pH 5, 7 and 9. Higher
      pH shortened the period needed for detoxification and lowered the final formalin
      concentration required for complete detoxification. The extent of polymerization
      and the immunogenicity of the toxoid formed were dependent upon pH during
      detoxification; the lower the pH, the higher the extent of polymerization and the
      immunogenicity of the toxoid. The higher immunogenicity possessed by the toxoid
      with higher extent of polymerization was confirmed by fractionation of the toxoid
      prepared at pH 7 on Sephadex G-200 and by comparing the immunogenicity of the
      toxoid fractions. The presence of lysine during detoxification brought about a
      partially polymerized toxoid having new immunogenic characteristics and a higher
      immunogenicity.

PMID- 6443134
TI  - Antibody titers of the commercially available human immunoglobulins against
      bacterial toxins and some opportunistic pathogens.

PMID- 6443135
TI  - The effect of urethane and thiopental sodium on platelet aggregation in vitro and
      in vivo.
AB  - The potential in vitro (heparinized or citrated PRP) and in vivo effects of
      urethane and thiopental sodium on arachidonic acid, collagen, or ADP-induced rat
      platelet aggregation has been investigated. Both anesthetics antagonized platelet
      aggregation in vitro at concentrations higher than those found in plasma during
      anesthesia. Neither anesthetic altered the piastrinopenia induced by intravenous
      administration of these aggregating agents. These findings suggest that both
      anesthetics are suitable for in vivo platelet aggregation studies.

PMID- 6443136
TI  - One-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic separation of the lipids involved in
      arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - A one-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic separation technique is described
      that separates the phospholipids and neutral lipids that are principally involved
      in arachidonic acid metabolism from each other, and from arachidonic acid and its
      eicosanoid derivatives. The technique is useful in studies on changes in
      arachidonic acid metabolism following cell stimulation. Balance sheets may be
      drawn up between the loss of radioactivity from phospholipids, and the gain in
      free fatty acid, eicosanoids, and esterified lipids of the phosphatidylinositol
      cycle.

PMID- 6443137
TI  - A new method for measuring respiration in the conscious mouse.
AB  - A highly sensitive apparatus and method for measuring respiratory changes in
      conscious mice and rats is described. The apparatus is constructed from readily
      available components and consists of three sections: 1) mouse housing capsule and
      respiratory-sensitive part; 2) air supplying part; and 3) data recording part.
      Changes in the respiration of an encapsuled mouse can be accurately detected by
      means of changes in pressure exerted on the respiratory-sensitive part attached
      to the capsule. In our study, the rapid increases and decreases in the
      respiratory rates of these animals after the i.v. administration of respiratory
      depressing agents (morphine and arachidonate) and a respiratory stimulant
      (dimorpholamine) were recorded with exceptional accuracy by this procedure.

PMID- 6443138
TI  - On-line radiochemical assay for monoamine oxidase utilizing high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A fast and sensitive assay for the determination of monoamine oxidase activity
      was developed. The method is based on the separation and quantitation of 14C
      labeled assay products by high-performance liquid chromatography, which is
      interfaced directly into a flow-through radioactivity detector. This allows on
      line quantitation of the radioactive compounds with picomole sensitivity. The
      method makes possible the complete separation and detection of the deaminated
      products of monoamine oxidase A and B substrates benzylamine and 5
      hydroxytryptamine, respectively. This assay has been applied to the measurement
      of monoamine oxidase A and B activities in rat brain.

PMID- 6443139
TI  - [Efficiency and effect of 3 systems of sterilization of periodontal instruments].

PMID- 6443140
TI  - Overview of smoking research issues.
AB  - Overall, the issue is deceptively simple. There is a need to list the extant
      techniques which include some extensive recent advances. This should be followed
      by a simple hierarchical systematization of the techniques and definition of the
      requirements of each category of study. As is evident in the present volume,
      problems emerge in this effort. Nevertheless, it is clear that the effort could
      have considerable benefit, and further that it might serve as a model for
      biobehavioral research efforts. The present volume and its contributors provide
      many, though not all, of the essential ingredients, in an effort to move in this
      direction.

PMID- 6443141
TI  - Issues in the measurement of smoking: summary and discussion.

PMID- 6443142
TI  - Measurement issues in cigarette smoking research: basic behavioral and
      physiological effects and patterns of nicotine self-administration.

PMID- 6443143
TI  - Analysis of reinforcement by varying smoke component concentrations.

PMID- 6443144
TI  - Physical indicators of actual tar and nicotine yields of cigarettes.

PMID- 6443145
TI  - The use of biologic fluid samples in assessing tobacco smoke consumption.
AB  - In summary, the source, absorption, metabolism, and disposition kinetics of
      several compounds that are potential markers of tobacco smoke consumption have
      been reviewed. Kinetic considerations have been applied to discuss specificity
      and sensitivity of various compounds as markers of cigarette smoking status,
      usefulness as quantitative indicators of tobacco smoke consumption, and optimal
      time for sample collection. One cannot, however, escape the conclusion that
      selection of a biochemical test must be linked to the hypothesis being tested. If
      only smoking versus nonsmoking is being assessed, then carbon monoxide and/or
      thiocyanate are inexpensive measurements that provide adequate information. If
      self-administration of nicotine or toxic effects potentially related to nicotine
      exposure are being studied, then measurements of nicotine exposure and
      consumption are required. Measurement of blood concentration of nicotine per se
      is necessary to document nicotine exposure; blood concentration of cotinine may
      be a better measure of daily nicotine consumption. To study potentially
      carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke, specific measurements of carcinogen
      consumption must be developed and validated.

PMID- 6443146
TI  - Measurement of some topographical aspects of smoking in the natural environment.

PMID- 6443147
TI  - Data collection and questionnaire design: smoking cessation in adults.

PMID- 6443148
TI  - Evaluation of smoking risk: some proposed minimum standards.

PMID- 6443149
TI  - Survey and evaluation methods: smoking prevention among children and adolescents.
AB  - Past behavioral research on the special characteristics of tobacco smoking among
      children and adolescents is fraught with definitional ambiguities. More precise
      benchmarks of these age groups will facilitate mutually advantageous
      investigations. Researchers ought to agree on their target age cohorts. Too,
      investigators should account for the peculiar tobacco smoking patterns of
      children and adolescents who are research subjects. Finally, researchers should
      reach a consensus on how they categorize various kinds of young nonsmokers,
      smokers, and exsmokers. Recommendations put forth here are an attempt toward
      common parameters for researching tobacco use among American children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 6443150
TI  - [Blood coagulation testing during intraoperative anti-edema therapy in
      neurosurgery].

PMID- 6443151
TI  - Elevated levels of amino acids in the CSF of motor neuron disease patients.
AB  - Amino acid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with motor neuron
      disease were compared with an age-matched control group receiving diagnostic
      myelography. Five amino acids were significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal
      fluid of the motor neuron disease patients compared to the controls. These were
      isoleucine, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, and threonine, which were increased
      by 60, 58, 38, 26, and 25% respectively. A significant increase was also obtained
      when the amino acids with nonpolar R groups were grouped together (34%). The
      significance of these findings is discussed in terms of amino acid changes that
      occur in both normal aging and other neurological conditions.

PMID- 6443152
TI  - Selective neonatal depletion of dopamine has no effect on medial prefrontal
      cortex self-stimulation in the rat.
AB  - The role of the dopaminergic input to the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC) on self
      stimulation (SS) was investigated in adult rats injected neonatally with 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Each subject on day 3 or 5 received bilateral
      intraventricular injection of 6-OHDA (total dose 200 micrograms, 50
      micrograms/injection/2.5 microliters vehicle which contained 1 mg/ml ascorbic
      acid) or of the vehicle alone after pretreatment with desmethylimipramine (50
      mg/kg i.p.) 30 min earlier. At 150 days of age, the animals were implanted with
      monopolar (100 microns) stainless steel electrodes in the MFC. One long (10 h)
      and 5 short (2 h) SS sessions resulted in similar percentages of responders for
      the brain reward in test and control subjects, and similar response rates in both
      groups. Biochemical assays of the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA)
      in the frontal cortex showed depletion of DA 90% in the test animals, but no
      depletion of NE. Histochemical fluorescence visualization of the catecholamine
      input verified the biochemical results in the MFC. These results are viewed as
      negative evidence for the hypothesis that DA innervations in the MFC are critical
      neural substrates for SS, and suggest that activation of intrinsic neurons in the
      MFC are responsible for SS in the region.

PMID- 6443153
TI  - Reversal of leukotriene D4 hypotension by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) reversed the hypotension produced by
      leukotriene D4 (LTD4) (5 micrograms/kg, i.v.) in conscious guinea pigs in a dose
      dependent fashion at intravenous doses between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg. LTD4
      hypotension was also reversed by the synthetic TRH analog MK771 (0.2 or 2 mg/kg,
      i.v.), suggesting a possible receptor-mediated mechanism. Since LTD4 has been
      implicated as a mediator of anaphylaxis, these results provide a basis for
      further evaluation of TRH and its analogs in the treatment of anaphylactic shock.

PMID- 6443154
TI  - [CO2 laser in continuous application and on dental hard tissues].

PMID- 6443155
TI  - [Preventive dentistry: clinical-methodological, medico-social and judicial
      aspects].

PMID- 6443156
TI  - [Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in dogs
      from municipal kennels in Rome].

PMID- 6443157
TI  - [Balanced non-residual diet for surgical patients].

PMID- 6443158
TI  - [Current progress in research and treatment of epilepsy].

PMID- 6443159
TI  - [Tardive anemia in infants with Rh and ABO incompatibility].

PMID- 6443160
TI  - [Polymorphism of bovine erythrocyte purine nucleoside phosphorylase].

PMID- 6443161
TI  - [Treatment of gonorrhea in Santiago de Chile].

PMID- 6443162
TI  - [Influence of the socioeconomic level on the nutritional status of students
      graduating from elementary and high schools].

PMID- 6443163
TI  - Motile curved rods in women attending a STD clinic.
AB  - Motile anaerobic curved rods were cultured from vaginal discharge of 19 of 262
      women attending an STD clinic. In 26 women, motile rods were observed by
      examination of wet smears. In all 5 specimens culture-positive for motile
      anaerobic curved rods of the long type, motile rods were observed in the wet
      smears, while in only 6 of the 14 specimens culture-positive for motile anaerobic
      curved rods of the short type, were motile rods seen in wet smears.

PMID- 6443164
TI  - Recovery of anaerobic curved rods and Gardnerella vaginalis from the urethra of
      men, including male heterosexual consorts of female carriers.
AB  - Three hundred and nine men attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases
      were studied regarding urethral colonization with anaerobic curved rods (CR),
      Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides ureolyticus, as well as for chlamydiae and
      gonococci. Ten (3.2%) of the men harboured CR. All strains of CR were of the
      short variant (approximately 1 micron long). Fourteen (4.5%) men were culture
      positive for G. vaginalis and 58 (18.7%) for B. ureolyticus. Of the four men who
      were culture-positive for CR, but not for any other of the above-mentioned
      microbes, four had urethritis. From the 309 men, gonococci were isolated from 20
      (6.4%) and chlamydiae from 96 (31.1%). Of the 10 men with CR, two concomitantly
      harboured Chlamydia trachomatis, four B. ureolyticus, and one G. vaginalis. The
      corresponding figures for those men with urethritis and who were colonized with
      G. vaginalis only were one of six, and for those carrying B. ureolyticus 14 of
      37. None of 19 male consorts of the same number of women, harbouring the long
      variant (approximately 4 microns) of CR and G. vaginalis, were culture-positive
      for these two organisms.

PMID- 6443165
TI  - Biosynthesis of bufadienolides in toads. V. The origin of the cholesterol used by
      toad parotid glands for biosynthesis of bufadienolides.
AB  - Sodium (1-14C)acetate and (5-3H) mevalonate were incubated with Bufo arenarum
      toad parotid gland and liver tissues. Both labelled compounds were incorporated
      into cholesterol produced by liver while the incubations with parotid gland
      produced no labelled cholesterol. Low and high density lipoproteins isolated from
      toad plasma were iodinated and used for binding studies. Membrane preparations of
      parotid gland showed high affinity binding sites for 125I-LDL and 125I-HDL. In
      addition, while colchicine inhibits the in vitro uptake of (3H)cholesteryl
      linoleate-LDL into parotid gland tissue an opposite effect was seen with
      (3H)cholesteryl linoleate-HDL. The above mentioned results would support the
      hypothesis that the cholesterol used by the parotid gland for the biosynthesis of
      bufadienolides would be produced in the liver, transported by the circulating
      lipoproteins and incorporated by the glands by a receptor-mediated mechanism.

PMID- 6443166
TI  - Bile acids. LXXIII. Synthesis of analogs of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one as
      substrates for hepatic steroid 12 alpha-hydroxylase.
AB  - Analogs of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one were prepared to ascertain
      structural features necessary for maximal activity of hepatic microsomal 12 alpha
      steroid hydroxylase. Methyl 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholane-24
      carboxylate derived from chenodeoxycholic acid was oxidized at C-3 with silver
      carbonate/Celite. The product was hydrolyzed and dehydrogenated with SeO2 to
      provide 3-oxo-7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholene-24-carboxylic acid. 5 beta-Cholestane-3
      alpha,7 alpha,25-triol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol
      were similarly oxidized at C-3 and dehydrogenated to provide 7 alpha,25-dihydroxy
      4-cholesten-3-one and 7 alpha,12 alpha,25-trihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one,
      respectively. The products were characterized by thin-layer and gas
      chromatography, ultraviolet, infrared, proton resonance and mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6443167
TI  - The value of thiotepa in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors.

PMID- 6443168
TI  - Clinical trials in superficial and invasive bladder cancer.

PMID- 6443169
TI  - [Correlation between intracellular metabolic processes and the functional
      capacity of lymphocytes].

PMID- 6443170
TI  - Assessment of the ability to manage patients on mechanical ventilators using a
      computer model.

PMID- 6443171
TI  - Brain monoamine oxidase in suckling rabbits treated with organophosphorus
      compound. I. Acute intoxication.
AB  - In 16-day-old rabbits treated with dichlorvos 8 mg/kg per os the activity of
      monoamine oxidase A form (MAO A) in brain was studied. A short-lasting decrease
      of brain MAO A was followed by a recovery of enzyme activity within 120 min. In
      parallel to changes in MAO A activity breathing disturbances were observed. It is
      concluded that the decrease of MAO A was due rather to hypoxia than to a direct
      effect of dichlorvos. In 16-day-old rabbits clorgyline (2 mg/kg) and
      tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg) were potent inhibitors of MAO A but deprenyl and
      pargyline were ineffective.

PMID- 6443172
TI  - Changes of minute ventilation in rabbits in experimental hyperthermia.
AB  - The relative effect of the temperature on respiratory rhythm generation was
      studied in muscle-relaxed, artificially ventilated and bilaterally vagotomized
      rabbits under general anaesthesia (urethane and chloralose). Hypercapnia was
      produced during normothermia (38.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C) and hyperthermia (40.5 +/-
      0.3 degrees C). The basic physiological parameters, efferent phrenic nerve
      activity and gasometric determinations in arterial blood were recorded. In the
      animals ventilated with a classic respirator hyperthermia produced a 118%
      increase of Veq value with a simultaneous 28% rise of the partial pressure of
      CO2. An increase of the stroke volume of the respirator during hyperthermia (in a
      degree sufficient for achieving PaCO2 value equal to the control value during
      normothermia) produced a 2% fall of Veq value due to an 8% fall in amplitude of
      the respiratory movements without changes of respiratory rate. Breathing in of a
      hypercapnic mixture caused a 131% rise of Veq above the control value in
      normothermia. This rise was due both to the increased respiratory rate and
      respiratory amplitude. During ventilation by means of a respirator controlled by
      phrenic nerve activity hyperthermia increased the electrophysiological equivalent
      of minute ventilation by 34%, with a 109% rise in the respiratory rate and with
      no change in PaCO2. Breathing of a hypercapnic mixture increased Veq without
      inducing any statistically significant changes in the respiratory rate and
      amplitude. The analysis of the results suggests that the effect of raised
      temperature on respiratory rhythm generation is manifested mainly as an
      impairment of the respiratory amplitude. Maintaining of minute ventilation
      proportional to the magnitude of respiratory drive is decisive in this
      phenomenon.

PMID- 6443173
TI  - Subacute toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1242) in rats.

PMID- 6443174
TI  - Production, purification and characterization of the plasminogen activator in
      teratocarcinoma stem cells induced with sodium butyrate.
AB  - Suspension cultures of pluripotent teratocarcinoma cells were induced with sodium
      butyrate to produce plasminogen activator (PA), generally regarded as a marker
      enzyme of differentiation of the teratocarcinoma. The induction of plasminogen
      activator was very efficient, resulting in production of sufficient enzyme to
      allow its purification. The activator was inactivated by rabbit anti-human
      melanoma plasminogen activator antiserum, indicating that it was a tissue-type
      activator (t-PA). The enzyme was purified by column chromatograph on
      phosphocellulose, zinc-chelate agarose, Con-A Sepharose and Sephadex G-150. The
      preparation at the final step of purification gave a single peak of enzyme
      activity at pH 7.3 +/- 0.1 on isoelectric focusing, and showed a molecular weight
      of approximately 77,000 on SDS PAGE.

PMID- 6443175
TI  - Reduced resistance to experimental viral and bacterial infections of mice treated
      with polychlorinated biphenyl.
AB  - When mice given diet containing 100, 200 or 400 micrograms of polychlorinated
      biphenyl (PCB) per g, or PCB-free diet for 21 days were inoculated intranasally
      with influenza virus, the mortality was higher in some groups given PCB than in
      the control group. When Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated intraperitoneally
      into mice given a diets with or without PCB, a significant difference was
      observed in the mortalities in the groups. Subcutaneous injection of S. aureus
      also caused a larger subcutaneous abscess in the mice given diets containing PCB
      than in those given control diet. Thus, it is suggested that PCB ingestion
      reduces host resistance to systemic or local infection with viruses or bacteria.

PMID- 6443176
TI  - [Computerized system for determination of cardiac output].

PMID- 6443177
TI  - Modification of circulatory function during apnoeic diving in Jaques Mayol and
      Japanese professional ama.

PMID- 6443178
TI  - [Comparison of sensitivity of the indirect hemagglutination test for Chagas'
      disease in blood samples obtained by venous and capillary puncture (filter paper)
      in patients with positive xenodiagnosis].

PMID- 6443179
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural sectors. Domiciliary triatomid
      infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection of the vector and domestic mammals in
      Region V 1983].

PMID- 6443180
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural sectors. Domiciliary triatomid
      infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection of vectors and domestic mammals of
      the metropolitan region].

PMID- 6443181
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile. Rural sectors. Domiciliary triatomid
      infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection of the vector and domestic mammals of
      the Bernardo O'Higgins Region VI, 1983].

PMID- 6443182
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Urban sectors. VII. Incidence of Chagas' infection in
      blood donors and in mothers and newborn infants of the cities of San Felipe and
      Los Andes. Region V, 1983-1984].

PMID- 6443183
TI  - [Chagas' disease in Chile. Urban sectors. VIII. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi
      infection in blood donors and in mothers and newborn infants of the cities of
      Rancagua, San Fernando y Santa Cruz. Region VI, 1983-1984].

PMID- 6443184
TI  - The initial peopling of the Americas: an overview from the perspective of
      physical anthropology.
AB  - A central problem of human evolution is whether the transition from Homo erectus
      to Homo sapiens was anagenetic or cladogenetic. The existence of H. erectus at
      Zhoukoudian between 460,000 and 230,000 years B.P. is consistent with early
      cladogenesis or a later transition. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA suggests
      present day humans could have evolved from a population existing between 180,000
      and 360,000 years ago. Genetic distance studies based on nuclear genes suggest
      divergence between Negroids and Mongoloid-Caucasoids 115,000 years ago and
      between Caucasoids and Mongoloids 41,000 years ago. Recent fossil evidence is
      consistent with these estimates. Other evidence is accumulating that Asia is the
      heartland for the emergence of Homo sapiens. The earliest clearly defined North
      American culture (Clovis) was established at most by 14,000 years B.P. and on
      some views had spread to Tierra del Fuego by 11,000 B.P. Other evidence from
      geographically diverse areas suggests an earlier arrival. The initial human
      occupation of the Americas probably occurred somewhere between 12,000 and 40,000
      years ago. However, much of the work on dating skeletal material has yielded
      inconsistent or unreliable information. Paleoecology indicates that at the
      maximum lowering of sea-level, 18,000 years ago, the Beringia land bridge was
      1000 Km wide and was an inhospitable region of wind-blown dunes and discontinuous
      vegetation. However, there may have been patches of greater productivity. One
      theory suggests humans were widely distributed in Beringia as early as 35,000
      B.P. and had penetrated Alaska and Yukon by 25,000 B.P. Again, however, the
      archaeological evidence for early occupation is conflicting and uncertain.
      Evidence based on analysis of gene frequencies and on dental data suggests North
      American origins by 19,000 and 15,000 respectively. Further, both the genetic and
      dental evidence favour an Asian origin, but whether the result of a single or
      multiple migrations is still an open question. The view here is that the erectus
      sapiens transition took place somewhere in South Asia between 125,000 to 200,000
      years ago, with the appearance of anatomically modern man by 30-40,000 B.P.
      Sometime between 30,000-15,000 B.P. the first people crossed Beringia to North
      America, spreading to occupy all of the Americas rapidly. The ancestors of the Na
      Dene Indians and the Aleut-Eskimos were later and perhaps separate arrivals from
      Asia between 14,000-8,500 B.P. The Eskimo ancestors arose finally by a fissioning
      of the Aleutian Island-Southwest Alaskan maritime population about 4,000 years
      ago.

PMID- 6443185
TI  - Opioids, benzodiazepines and intake of ethanol.
AB  - Deprived rats were given the opportunity to take water or a sweetened ethanol
      solution for one hour/day. Across days, intake of the ethanol solution increased.
      Doses of morphine prior to an opportunity to drink increased avidity for the
      ethanol solutions, while doses of chlordiazepoxide did not. The opioid antagonist
      naloxone decreased intake, whereas, the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788
      failed to do so. These findings confirm that certain opioids can increase ethanol
      intake, and further specify that, under the same testing regimen, benzodiazepines
      do not reliably modify rats' propensity to drink a solution containing ethanol

PMID- 6443186
TI  - Sex hormones and adrenocortical steroids in men acutely intoxicated with ethanol.
AB  - The plasma or serum concentrations of testosterone, LH, FSH, PRL, cortisol, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone and
      estradiol were monitored in 8 healthy male volunteers for a period of 48 hr after
      administration of one large dose of ethanol (1.75 g/kg BW) within the first 3 hr
      of the experiment. Each subject served as his own control in an identical
      experiment without ethanol. Blood alcohol concentration reached a maximum of 1.51
      +/- 0.08 g/l (mean +/- SEM) 4 hr after the start of drinking. The maximum
      decrease in serum testosterone was observed at 12 hr when the serum
      concentrations of gonadotropins were still unchanged. The decrease in serum
      testosterone persisted at 24 hr despite increases in the serum levels of LH and
      FSH. The serum or plasma concentrations of PRL, cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
      androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were clearly increased 4 hr after the
      start of drinking. The increase in serum cortisol lasted as long as the decrease
      in serum testosterone. No significant changes were found in plasma concentrations
      of estrone and estradiol. Our results suggest that in addition to direct
      testicular effects of alcohol, increased adrenal secretion of cortisol may
      contribute to the decrease in serum testosterone in men acutely intoxicated with
      ethanol.

PMID- 6443187
TI  - Defective stimulus set attention in generalized epilepsy.
AB  - This study examined auditory selective attention in primary generalized and
      complex-partial (temporal lobe) epileptics using binaural and dichotic versions
      of the Continuous Performance Test. The patient groups did not differ from normal
      controls when only one channel was presented or when divided attention
      (simultaneously monitoring two channels) was required. However, generalized
      epileptics had significantly depressed hit rates when directed attention
      (responding to critical stimuli in only one channel) was required. These results
      suggest a contribution of brain stem "arousal" mechanisms to stimulus set
      attention. In addition, right ear perceptual advantages were found on these
      dichotic monitoring tasks, lending support to the contention that short-term
      auditory memory and verbal report are not required for the dichotic ear effect.

PMID- 6443188
TI  - The brain and prostaglandins.

PMID- 6443189
TI  - Studies on the marker gene, Gm st, characteristic of Mongoloid populations.

PMID- 6443190
TI  - [The freezing storage of human semen and artificial insemination].

PMID- 6443191
TI  - [Changes in the reproductive hormone during the normal menstrual cycle in 41
      Chinese women].

PMID- 6443192
TI  - [Recurrent immature ovarian teratoma in the liver and lung--with an analysis of
      11 cases].

PMID- 6443193
TI  - [Changes of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in the pregnant hypertensive
      syndrome].

PMID- 6443194
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on the basement membrane in oral lichen planus].

PMID- 6443195
TI  - [Comparison of the clinical manifestations of pheochromocytoma in adults and
      children].

PMID- 6443196
TI  - [Electron microscopic observations on endocardial and myocardial biopsy specimens
      in dilated cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 6443197
TI  - [Circadian changes in nailfold microcirculation in normal adults].

PMID- 6443198
TI  - [Hemorrheologic observations on patients with various skin diseases].

PMID- 6443199
TI  - [Pneumocisternography in the diagnosis of small acoustic neuromas].

PMID- 6443200
TI  - [Rational use of antibiotics].

PMID- 6443201
TI  - [A study on scar carcinoma of the lung].

PMID- 6443202
TI  - Analysis of antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens by class-specific enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 6443203
TI  - Temocillin: in vitro activity against 734 selected clinical isolates, including
      beta-lactamase-producing strains.
AB  - The in vitro activity of temocillin against 734 clinical isolates was tested by
      broth microdilution. Good activity was demonstrated against Enterobacteriaceae
      and both beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae
      and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There was little to no activity against gram-positive
      cocci and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. Bactericidal activity and effect
      of inoculum size on temocillin activity were comparable to that of ticarcillin.
      Temocillin was stable to commonly encountered beta-lactamases and significantly
      inhibited Richmond-Sykes type 1 enzymes of Enterobacter cloacae.

PMID- 6443204
TI  - [Hip prosthesis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 6443206
TI  - [Rec-assay method by Bacillus subtilis].

PMID- 6443205
TI  - [A clinical study of the oral glucose tolerance test in patients with
      cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 6443207
TI  - [Rapid radiometric susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6443208
TI  - A survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UK-produced milk for the period
      1981-1983.
AB  - A UK survey for the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in bulked dried milks (totalling
      277 samples) obtained at monthly intervals from a number of commercial creameries
      in the UK over a two-year period (1981-1983), showed 98% of the samples to have
      levels below 0.03 micrograms/kg. For liquid milks sampled from individual farms
      over the same period (totalling 409 samples), 94% of the samples had aflatoxin M1
      levels below 0.01 micrograms/kg. All samples were initially screened by a two
      dimensional thin layer chromatographic method and quantification of positive
      results was by reverse phase h.p.l.c. with fluorescence detection. The results of
      this survey show that UK milk is largely free of aflatoxin M1 contamination, the
      incidence and levels, where observed, being significantly lower than for other
      European countries, which demonstrates the effectiveness of UK legislative action
      controlling feedstuff contamination.

PMID- 6443209
TI  - An investigation of HPLC post-column iodination conditions for the enhancement of
      aflatoxin B1 fluorescence.
AB  - A systematic investigation was carried out of the conditions employed for the
      post-column iodination reaction used to enhance fluorescence sensitivity of
      aflatoxins B1 and G1 in reverse-phase HPLC. The effect of post-column reaction
      coil tubing dimensions, coil temperature, eluent and reagent flow rates and
      reagent concentration were examined and the optimum choice of each established.
      The maximum achievable sensitivity was shown to be 20 pg of B1 injected on
      column.

PMID- 6443210
TI  - Mouth dryness among patients in longterm hospitals.

PMID- 6443212
TI  - [Comparison of the activity of netilmicin and gentamicin in vitro on bacteria
      isolated from the oro-pharynx].

PMID- 6443211
TI  - Physiological and therapeutic role of vitamin E in humans: an update.

PMID- 6443213
TI  - [The dilution method in the determination of bacterial sensitivity to
      antibiotics].

PMID- 6443214
TI  - [Experimental study of the resistance of staphylococcus to pristinamycin].

PMID- 6443215
TI  - [Bacterial activity and salivary concentration of xanthocycline].

PMID- 6443216
TI  - A trial of immunotherapy in aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia.
AB  - Immunotherapy, consisting of lymphocyte depletion or plasmapheresis in
      combination with cyclophosphamide and prednisone, was employed in three patients
      with refractory pure red cell aplasia and six patients with aplastic anemia of
      various etiologies. All three patients with pure red cell aplasia responded to
      plasmapheresis. One patient with atypical aplastic anemia showed partial recovery
      following lymphocyte depletion; the other five patients showed no evidence of a
      clinical response. The effect of patients' sera or bone marrow on formation of
      myeloid or erythroid colonies by bone marrow from normal individuals was
      determined in vitro. A decline in serum inhibition of erythroid colony formation
      was observed in the patients with pure red cell aplasia following treatment. Any
      changes in serum inhibition were less marked or unrelated to treatment outcome in
      the patients with aplastic anemia, although the single patient who responded to
      lymphocyte depletion exhibited reversal of coculture bone marrow inhibition. Our
      experience suggests that in vitro assay methods may not adequately predict the
      response of patients with aplastic anemia to this form of immunotherapy, and
      furthermore clinical improvement was too sporadic for this treatment to be
      recommended. Plasmapheresis may be a useful adjunct in patients with pure red
      cell aplasia, but remissions may not be dramatic or sustained.

PMID- 6443217
TI  - Restricted expression of LW antigen on subsets of human B and T lymphocytes.
AB  - NIM-M8 is a monoclonal IgM antibody, specific for the LWab antigen as shown by
      its reaction with red cells of all donors except those lacking LWa, LWb and LWab.
      Indirect immunofluorescent staining and cell sorter analyses have shown that LWab
      is present on a subpopulation of human lymphocytes. Cell fractionation studies
      indicate that subsets of both B and T cells express LWab and it may, therefore,
      provide a further marker for heterogeneity in these lymphocyte populations.

PMID- 6443218
TI  - [Treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes by continuous sub-cutaneous insulin
      perfusion].

PMID- 6443219
TI  - [25 years of diabetic treatment by oral hypoglycemic agents: successes and
      failures].

PMID- 6443220
TI  - [The insulin receptor: an autonomous system for membrane transmission of the
      hormonal message].

PMID- 6443221
TI  - [The biochemical basis of the complications of diabetes].

PMID- 6443222
TI  - Rubella and congenital rubella surveillance, 1983.

PMID- 6443223
TI  - Changing trends in gonococcal antibiotic resistance in the United States, 1983
      1984.

PMID- 6443224
TI  - Trichinosis surveillance, 1983.

PMID- 6443225
TI  - [Binuclear neurons in the brain of hens in experimental pesticide poisoning].
AB  - The material for studies consisted of brains of broilers at the age of 7 weeks.
      The chickens were experimentally intoxicated with doses of some pesticides or
      their mixtures. Brains were taken from dead animals of the experimental groups
      and control chickens, which were fixed in neutralized formalin solution, and,
      after dehydrating and embedding them in paraffin, they were cut with the
      microtome into sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and according to
      Kluver Barrer's method. In the material studied the presence of single binuclear
      neurons was found in all regions of the brains. The number of such cells
      considerably increased in some regions of the brain (Purkinje cell layer of the
      cerebellum, hypermetropic nucleus, thalamus) of experimentally intoxicated
      chickens and dead ones after 12 - 24 hr from poisoning. The results of the
      studies suggest the possibility of neuron division in the central nervous system
      of birds under the influence of the action of a pathogenic agent - pesticides as
      regards this paper.

PMID- 6443226
TI  - Microwave enhancement of membrane conductance: effects of EDTA, caffeine and
      tetracaine.
AB  - Effects of tetracaine and caffeine on snail neurons were studied. They displayed
      depolarization and an increase of membrane conductance. In addition, tetracaine
      diminished membrane time constant whereas caffeine augmented hyperpolarizing
      after-potential. It was also shown that tetracaine blocks the caffeine effect.
      Microwave irradiation of snail neurons enhanced membrane conductance. This effect
      was not observed in neurons treated with tetracaine or injected with EDTA.
      Analysis of these results points to intracellular free calcium as a possible
      trigger of snail neuron microwave response.

PMID- 6443228
TI  - Consequences of an oversupply of specialists for primary and specialty care: the
      case of neurology.

PMID- 6443227
TI  - Contributions of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system and the trigeminal sensory
      pathway to the ventral tegmental aphagia syndrome in rats.
AB  - Four experiments examined the neural substrates for the aphagia and adipsia
      syndrome resulting from damage of the ventral tegmental region. Radiofrequency
      (RF) lesions at the level of the mesencephalon in rats showed that the most
      effective site for producing aphagia and adipsia was in an intermediate zone
      between the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Injection of the
      neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into this intermediate zone led to a less
      severe feeding deficit, suggesting that both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic
      neurons are involved in the mesencephalic aphagic syndrome. As the lemniscus
      trigeminalis was destroyed after the RF lesion of the intermediate zone, the
      hypothesis of trigeminal projection involvement was tested by lesioning (RF) the
      sensory trigeminal nucleus. These rats were aphagic but they recovered and their
      deficit was less severe than after RF lesion of the mesencephalic intermediate
      zone. In the last experiment, a combined 6-OHDA lesion of the mesencephalic
      intermediate zone and RF lesion of the trigeminal sensory nucleus led to a more
      severe deficit in feeding behavior than either lesion alone. These results
      further demonstrate that feeding behavior is under the control of a complex
      system involving several neural pathways.

PMID- 6443229
TI  - [Comparative study of the efficiency of hemocultures and serial xenodiagnosis
      performed in opossums of the genus Didelphis, naturally infected by Trypanosoma
      cruzi].

PMID- 6443230
TI  - Morphometry of the seminiferous tubules of marmoset monkey Callithrix penicillata
      jordani.

PMID- 6443231
TI  - [Effect of the daily concentration of estradiol on the morphological
      characteristics of the cumulus-corona-oocyte complex obtained in in vitro
      fertilization programs].

PMID- 6443232
TI  - [Collimating mask for treatment with 200 kV X-rays].

PMID- 6443233
TI  - [Didelphis marsupialis: principal reservoir of Leishmania spp. in the city of
      Trujillo, Venezuela].

PMID- 6443234
TI  - [Isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in cases of meningococcal disease].

PMID- 6443235
TI  - [Contrast echocardiography with CO2 in the diagnosis of tricuspid valve
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6443236
TI  - [Cyclic hydrazides of mucobromic acid. (II)].

PMID- 6443237
TI  - [Respiratory complications in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 6443238
TI  - [A unified approach to the patient in surgery].

PMID- 6443239
TI  - [History of the Royal Hospital de Todos-os-Santos].

PMID- 6443240
TI  - [The humanization of nursing care in the hospital].

PMID- 6443241
TI  - [Screening for rectocolonic tumors. Current use of the recommended Hemoccult
      (testing for occult blood in the feces)].

PMID- 6443242
TI  - [The role of betadine in the sterilization of urinary drainage bags].

PMID- 6443243
TI  - [Postoperative nutrition].

PMID- 6443244
TI  - [The significance of dead space in syringes].

PMID- 6443245
TI  - [Cyanosis in newborn infants].

PMID- 6443246
TI  - [Morphology and function of the placenta in Rh-sensitized pregnancy].

PMID- 6443247
TI  - [Acute coronary insufficiency in anaphylactic reactions caused by drugs].

PMID- 6443248
TI  - Conversion of acetate to CO2, lipids, proteins, and lipoproteins during
      hemodialysis in humans.
AB  - Acetate-1-14C or acetate-2-14C was infused into the venous dialysis line in 17
      chronic stable patients over a 4-hr period of standard hemodialysis. Radioactive
      CO2 in expired air was measured continuously during dialysis and for 20 hr
      postdialysis. Significantly more acetate-1-14C (56 +/- 2%) was recovered as 14CO2
      in the expired air than was acetate-2-14C (49 +/- 3%). A total of 81% and 71% of
      the radioactivity was recovered from the expired air and expended dialysate from
      acetate-1-14C and acetate-2-14C, respectively. Of the remainder, a significant
      portion was incorporated into plasma lipids and proteins. Incorporation of
      radioactivity into phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and triglycerides increased
      during dialysis and continued to increase during the postdialysis period. Free
      fatty acid radioactivity increased during dialysis but declined afterwards. In
      the lipoprotein fractions radioactivities remained elevated at 24 hr in the LDL
      and HDL fractions, but declined in the VLDLs after this time interval.

PMID- 6443249
TI  - Prevalence and pathogenesis of impotence in one hundred uremic men.
AB  - In a study of dialysis patients 79% of men complained of sexual dysfunction and
      61% erectile impotence following uremia and the onset of regular dialysis
      therapy. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly higher in patients treated
      by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (p = 0.001) but the incidence of
      sexual dysfunction was not different from patients treated by hemodialysis.
      Although follicle-stimulating hormone levels were higher (p = 0.001) and penile
      blood pressure index levels lower (p less than 0.05) in patients with impotence,
      sexual function was not improved by exogenous testosterone, and vasculogenic
      impotence was identified in only 6% of patients. These findings suggest that a
      major component of uremic impotence is unrelated to primary testicular failure or
      penile vascular insufficiency.

PMID- 6443250
TI  - "Paradoxical" effect of carbon dioxide on common carotid artery blood flow in
      rabbits during hypothermia and hyperthermia.
AB  - The relative effects of temperature and CO2 on the blood flow in the common
      carotid artery (CCBF) were investigated in vagotomized, paralyzed rabbits under
      urethane-chloralose general anaesthesia with artificial ventilation. During
      hypothermia a 52% fall of CCBF was observed in rabbits ventilated by the classic
      method. Administration of a hyperkapnic mixture for breathing caused a further
      16% CCBF fall, with a simultaneous rise in PaCO2 by 23%. During ventilation with
      a respirator triggered by phrenic nerve activity hypothermia caused a 30% CCBF
      fall without changes in PaCO2 value. Administration of the hyperkapnic mixture
      for breathing caused, in these circumstances, a 9% CCBF fall with a 7% PaCO2
      increase. Hyperthermia caused during ventilation by the classic method a 42% rise
      in CCBF and a 22% PaCO2 rise. The hyperkapnic mixture given for breathing
      decreased the CCBF by 9% and increased the PaCO2 by 15%. On the other hand,
      during ventilation with the respirator triggered by phrenic nerve activity no
      changes were observed in these parameters. This suggests that the thermic
      stimulus exerts a direct effect on the regulation of the blood flow to the brain,
      and during hypothermia it prevails over the stimulus produced by CO2.

PMID- 6443251
TI  - [Duodenal diverticula: clinical and therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 6443252
TI  - [Problems of parenteral nutrition in patients operated on for neoplasms of the
      colon].

PMID- 6443253
TI  - Decondensation of human spermatozoal chromatin by nuclear actin polymerization.
AB  - A critical relationship exists between nuclear actin polymerization and
      decondensation of sperm chromatin. Characteristic decondensation phenomena were
      brought about by the protein S-1 of heavy meromyosin of rabbit skeletal muscle in
      sperm that had undergone the acrosome reaction. Sperm treated with only calcium
      or only ionophore were not affected by the S-1 trigger, and the nucleus remained
      in the condensed state. Since S-1 specifically binds to actin, it was possible to
      demonstrate this phenomenon at the ultrastructural level. Maybe there are
      switches that operate at different steps for events leading to syngamy and
      fertilization. No switch can be operative until the preceding event has prepared
      the sperm for entering the next phase. The operations are performed in a perfect
      sequential order. This investigation leads to the conclusion that decondensation
      of sperm chromatin is brought about by nuclear actin polymerization.

PMID- 6443254
TI  - Plasma membrane cytoskeletal complex of the mammalian spermatozoa.
AB  - Human and ram sperm were incubated in vitro in Tris buffer with (1) calcium ions,
      (2) ionophore A23187, (3) calcium plus A23187, (4) without any substance, as
      described in [13], and were reincubated in situ with the protein S-1 of heavy
      meromyosin (1 mg/ml). These spermatozoa were examined with the electron
      microscope to study and characterize the cytoskeletal structures after negative
      staining, freeze fracturing, and thin sectioning. The formation of the
      cytoskeletal complex, associated with the plasma membrane in the postacrosome
      region, appeared to be triggered by S-1 in those sperm that were earlier treated
      with the ionophore. The dynamic nature of actin present in the postacrosomal
      dense matrix becomes evident with the formation of a cytoskeletal basket in that
      region. The cytoskeletal complex may play an important role during the exocytotic
      acrosome reaction, helping to retain the shape of the sperm head and protect the
      genetic material until fertilization.

PMID- 6443255
TI  - [Lipoprotein metabolism in male alcoholics with and without liver disease--with
      special reference to changes in apoprotein A-I and A-II].

PMID- 6443256
TI  - Invasiveness and tumorigenicity of MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells pretreated with
      microtubule inhibitors.
AB  - MO4 cell aggregates with a diameter of 0.3 mm produced invasive fibrosarcomas
      after s.c. implantation into the pinna of syngeneic mice. Histology of pinnae
      fixed 10 min to 5 days after implantation of an aggregate suggested that the
      tumour was produced by the cells that invaded during the first day, and that the
      cells remaining in the aggregate were eliminated by the reaction of the host.
      Before implantation we have pretreated MO4 cell aggregates with 1 microgram/ml of
      the microtubule inhibitors Nocodazole (ND) and vincristine (VCR), known to
      inhibit both proliferation and invasion, and with 1 microgram/ml 5-fluorouracil
      (5-FU), known to inhibit proliferation but not invasion. Tumorigenicity was
      significantly reduced after treatment with ND or VCR, as compared to treatment
      with 5-FU or to controls. Histology of pinnae fixed 10 min to 3 days after
      implantation showed absence or scarceness of invasive MO4 cells after
      pretreatment with ND or VCR, in contrast with controls or with aggregates
      pretreated with 5-FU. The effect of ND, VCR and 5-FU on the growth of aggregates
      in culture on gyrotory shaker was reversible within 1 and 2 days respectively.
      After treatment with ND or VCR slight alterations in the function of the
      cytoplasmic microtubule complex remained visible during 3 days in cells migrating
      from an aggregate explanted on glass. Confrontation of pretreated aggregates with
      fragments of embryonic chick cardiac muscle in three-dimensional culture
      indicated that the anti-invasive effect of ND or VCR was reversible in vitro. We
      concluded that a delay of invasiveness caused by pretreatment with ND or VCR
      provided the host with the opportunity to eliminate MO4 cells implanted s.c. into
      the pinna.

PMID- 6443257
TI  - [Carbonic anhydrase activity in human saliva and dental caries].

PMID- 6443258
TI  - Epidemiologic study of gynecologic malignancy in Jiangsu Province.

PMID- 6443259
TI  - Morphologic evidence of biosynthesis of collagen by hepatocytes in situ.

PMID- 6443260
TI  - Late stage posthrombotic legs.

PMID- 6443261
TI  - Recent progress in orthopedic surgery.

PMID- 6443262
TI  - Gastric carcinoma. Study of lymphatic metastasis.

PMID- 6443263
TI  - Acute pancreatitis in Suzhou area. Predisposing causes and natural history.

PMID- 6443264
TI  - Characterization of the three functional phases of acupuncture points.

PMID- 6443265
TI  - Early treatment of burned scalp and skull.

PMID- 6443266
TI  - Morphologic study on human Brugia malayi.

PMID- 6443267
TI  - Anterior extensive decompression for cervical spondylosis.

PMID- 6443268
TI  - Report of ten cases of porencephaly.

PMID- 6443269
TI  - Picture test cards for vision of the Chinese preschool children.

PMID- 6443270
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation on experimental fracture healing. V. Electron
      microscopic observation on capillary formation.

PMID- 6443271
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation on experimental fracture healing. VI. Electron
      microscopic observation on matrix vesicles.

PMID- 6443272
TI  - Drug resistant and bioactive E coli in Beijing.

PMID- 6443273
TI  - Ultrastructure findings in pre-eclamptic placentas.

PMID- 6443274
TI  - Investigation of SGC-7901 cell line established from human gastric carcinoma
      cells.

PMID- 6443275
TI  - The value of amniocentesis in the management of high risk pregnancy.

PMID- 6443276
TI  - Preliminary studies on the mode of action of pyquiton against Schistosoma
      japonicum.

PMID- 6443277
TI  - Experimental studies of echinococcus on white mice.

PMID- 6443278
TI  - Anterior conduction delay. An analysis of 61 cases.

PMID- 6443279
TI  - Cyclic oculomotor spasm and relaxation phenomenon. Report of 2 cases.

PMID- 6443280
TI  - A fragile X syndrome family.

PMID- 6443281
TI  - Establishment and preliminary clinical application of radioreceptor assay for the
      determination of insulin in human sera.

PMID- 6443282
TI  - Effects of anisodamine on cardiovascular activities in endotoxin-shocked dogs.

PMID- 6443283
TI  - Areae gastricae. Comparative pathologic and radiologic study on 50 human stomach
      specimens.

PMID- 6443284
TI  - Radial neck fracture in children.

PMID- 6443285
TI  - Hoarseness investigation by sound spectrographic analysis.

PMID- 6443286
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study on hepatoportal phase schistosomula of
      Schistosoma japonicum.

PMID- 6443287
TI  - Effect of melia azedarach extract on schistosomiasis in mice.

PMID- 6443288
TI  - Systolic decay time. A noninvasive technic used in evaluating systemic arterial
      resistance.

PMID- 6443289
TI  - Congenital ocular motor apraxia. Report of 2 cases.

PMID- 6443290
TI  - G-banded chromosomes of 3,415 liveborn infants.

PMID- 6443291
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen in bedbug in Nanjing.

PMID- 6443292
TI  - The risk of occupational lead exposure.

PMID- 6443293
TI  - Surgery in severe postpoliomyelitic deformities of hip joint.

PMID- 6443294
TI  - Fully supervised ambulatory chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis with an
      intermittent regimen in rural area of Beijing.

PMID- 6443295
TI  - Changes in health conditions in the Huainan coal mine in the past three decades.

PMID- 6443296
TI  - Adrenal medullary hyperplasia. Long-term follow up of 15 patients.

PMID- 6443297
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus. Some problems of radiologic diagnosis.

PMID- 6443298
TI  - Bladder cancer and radiation damage.

PMID- 6443299
TI  - Studies on total glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f in dermatoses.
      Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook f Research Group.

PMID- 6443300
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of inherited biochemical disorders. Current and future
      considerations.

PMID- 6443301
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of orbital and blepharal tumors.

PMID- 6443302
TI  - Endemic goiter and cretinism in Guizhou. Clinical analysis of 247 cretins.

PMID- 6443303
TI  - [Studies on the induction of the L-form in Mycobacteria].

PMID- 6443304
TI  - [Mass treatment of urinary bilharziasis in Senegal using praziquantel].

PMID- 6443305
TI  - [Difficulties in the clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of phacomatosis:
      apropos of a case of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis].

PMID- 6443306
TI  - [Effect of chondroitin sulfate C on the collagen content of skin in rats during
      inflammation].

PMID- 6443307
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in frog (Rana brevipoda)
      stomach: surface mucous and oxynticopeptic cells.

PMID- 6443308
TI  - Studies of the morphological effects of thiotepa and adriamycin on urothelium.

PMID- 6443309
TI  - Precocious puberty in a male with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome.
AB  - True precocious puberty is reported in a male child with Prader-Labhart-Willi
      syndrome. The diagnosis of precocious puberty was made at 8 6/12 years of age
      when a spontaneous migration of previously unpalpable testes (mean volume = 5
      ml), an increase in penis length (from 2 to 6 cm) and a growth spurt (8.4
      cm/year) occurred. The follow-up until 13 years of age (bone age 15 years) showed
      a progressive pubertal development, facial acne (10 years), frequent spontaneous
      erections and ejaculations (11 years). Repeated endocrine and neuroradiological
      investigations were consistent with an idiopathic form of precocious puberty.

PMID- 6443310
TI  - [Early relaxation of the left ventricular wall in coronary artery disease].
AB  - A mechanism for the genesis of early relaxation of the left ventricle was
      assessed. For 18 patients with coronary artery disease, biplane left coronary
      cineangiography was performed and the coordinates (x, y, z) of the points of the
      artery were measured by frame to frame basis throughout one cardiac cycle. The
      spatial distance (segment length) between any two points was calculated on each
      frame as (Formula: See text) to investigate shortening and relaxation
      characteristics of the ischemic and nonischemic segments. Coronary angiography
      was repeated during right atrial pacing to aggravate ischemia, and following
      nitroglycerin administration to ameliorate ischemia. From data of six normal
      subjects, 43 segments were calculated. All showed shortening during systole and
      lengthening in diastole. Right atrial pacing caused early relaxation in only two
      of the 43. Two hundred and fifteen segments were calculated for 18 patients with
      coronary artery disease. All but eight segments showed normal relaxation on
      control angiography. Following pacing, 115 segments showed early relaxation, and
      in 107 of the 115, normal relaxation were restored after nitroglycerin. Among the
      107 segments, 44 were ischemic and 63 were normal. For 34 segments with early
      relaxation by pacing, pacing was repeated after administering nitroglycerin, and
      15 did not reproduce early relaxation. The present study showed that early
      relaxation was observed in patients with coronary artery disease, which was
      effectively ameliorated by nitroglycerin, suggesting this phenomenon is closely
      related to the development of myocardial ischemia. The decreased active tension,
      reduced duration of tension, development and delay in electrical depolarization
      in the ischemic segment can be a reasonable inducement to early
      relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443311
TI  - Selection against dam methylation sites in the genomes of DNA of
      enterobacteriophages.
AB  - Postreplicative methylation of adenine in Escherichia coli DNA to produce G6m ATC
      (where 6mA is 6-methyladenine) has been associated with preferential daughter
      strand repair and possibly regulation of replication. An analysis was undertaken
      to determine if these, or other, as yet unknown roles of GATC, have had an effect
      on the frequency of GATC in E. coli or bacteriophage DNA. It was first
      ascertained that the most accurate predictions of GATC frequency were based on
      the observed frequencies of GAT and ATC, which would be expected since these
      predictors take into account preferences in codon usage. The predicted
      frequencies were compared with observed GATC frequencies in all available
      bacterial and phage nucleotide sequences. The frequency of GATC was close to the
      predicted frequency in most genes of E. coli and its RNA bacteriophages and in
      the genes of nonenteric bacteria and their bacteriophages. However, for DNA
      enterobacteriophages the observed frequency of GATC was generally significantly
      lower than predicted when assessed by the chi square test. No elevation in the
      rate of mutation of 6mA in GATC relative to other bases was found when pairs of
      DNA sequences from closely related phages or pairs of homologous genes from
      enterobacteria were compared, nor was any preferred pathway for mutation of 6mA
      evident in the E. coli DNA bacteriophages. This situation contrasts with that of
      5-methylcytosine, which is hypermutable, with a preferred pathway to thymine.
      Thus, the low level of GATC in enterobacteriophages is probably due not to 6mA
      hypermutability, but no selection against GATC in order to bypass a GATC-mediated
      host function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443312
TI  - U1 snRNA: the evolution of its primary and secondary structure.
AB  - In this paper we first show that the primary structure of U1 snRNA is homologous
      to that of tandem repeated pre-tRNA. Two sets of polymerase III promoter sites
      (the a and b boxes) are clearly recognisable at the appropriate positions in U1,
      although neither is functional; these sites occur in a degenerate form and their
      transcription is initiated by polymerase II. Moreover, several of the conserved
      subsequences of tRNAs that are not associated with transcription initiation (and
      supposedly are conserved because of their role in translation) are conserved in
      U1 as well, one of them being the pattern Py-Py-anticodon-Pu-Pu (for both
      anticodons of tandem tRNA). Second, we show that the secondary structure of U1 is
      apparently formed after fixation of the "B-hairpin loop' by one of the associated
      proteins. If and only if this hairpin loop is fixed, a consensus secondary
      structure is produced by the minimisation-of-free-energy technique. Moreover, we
      show that this B-hairpin loop has been destabilised relatively recently in
      evolutionary time by deletions (e.g., in the polymerase III box). If we reinsert
      the deleted bases, the so constructed hypothetical "ancestral" molecule folds
      into the consensus secondary structure by unconstrained energy minimisation
      (i.e., without fixation of the B-loop). Some features of the secondary structure
      of tandem repeated pre-tRNA are conserved in U1, but the overall structure has
      changed dramatically. Like tRNA, U1 has a cloverleaf-like structure, but its
      overall size has doubled. By comparing their secondary structures and by
      alignment of the sequences, we trace the local events associated with the global
      change in secondary structure (and apparently in the function of the molecule).
      Finally, we discuss our results from the perspective of informatic prerequisites
      for heterarchical multilevel evolution.

PMID- 6443313
TI  - Phylogeny of the 5S ribosomal RNA from Synechococcus lividus II: the
      cyanobacterial/chloroplast 5S RNAs form a common structural class.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the 5S ribosomal RNA from the cyanobacterium
      Synechococcus lividus II has been determined. The sequence is (sequence in text)
      This 5S RNA has the cyanobacterial- and chloroplast-specific nucleotide insertion
      between positions 30 and 31 (using the numbering system of the generalized
      eubacterial 5S RNA) and the chloroplast-specific nucleotide-deletion signature
      between positions 34 and 39. The 5S RNA of S. lividus II has 27 base differences
      compared with the 5S RNA of the related strain S. lividus III. This large
      difference may reflect an ancient divergence between these two organisms. The
      electrophoretic mobilities on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels of renatured 5S
      RNAs from S. lividus II, S. lividus III, and spinach chloroplasts are identical,
      but differ considerably from that of Escherichia coli 5S RNA. This most likely
      reflects differences in higher-order structure between the 5S RNA of E. coli and
      these cyanobacterial and chloroplast 5S RNAs.

PMID- 6443314
TI  - Examination of protein sequence homologies: I. Eleven Escherichia coli L7/L12
      type ribosomal "A" protein sequences from eubacteria and chloroplast.
AB  - Seven complete and four partial sequences of Escherichia coli L7/L12-type
      ribosomal "A" proteins obtained from various bacteria (E. coli, Bacillus
      subtilis, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Desulfovibrio
      vulgaris, Streptomyces griseus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Clostridium
      pasteurianum, Arthrobacter glacialis, and Vibrio costicola) and spinach
      chloroplast have been reexamined using a computer program that searches for
      homologous tertiary structures. Comparison matrices for the sequences show that
      they match the sequence of E. coli L7 (EL7) if one assumes the insertion or
      deletion of certain residues at sites corresponding to residues 1, 38, 49, and 92
      of EL7. That two additional insertion points are found only in the spinach
      chloroplast protein suggests that the chloroplast protein probably diverged from
      the bacterial forms. Further phylogenetic relationships among these 11 prokaryote
      type "A" proteins are discussed with respect to average correlation coefficients
      computed, taking into account the existence of the gaps.

PMID- 6443315
TI  - Decreased A 23187-induced platelet aggregation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6443316
TI  - CT-aided volumetry and prognosis in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Since January 1981, 128 CT evaluations were systematically applied to 85 patients
      of histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri before and
      after external irradiation (i.e., at the beginning of intracavitary therapy). CT
      measured cervical mass volume and mass-pelvic wall distance were analyzed in
      relation to prognosis, namely, local control at one year after irradiation and
      three-year survival. Regardless of clinical stage, CT-measured volume and mass
      pelvic wall distance were revealed to be closely related to prognosis. In 46
      patients whose cervical mass volume regressed to less than 48 cm3 after external
      irradiation, 44 (95.6%) were locally controlled for more than a year, and the
      three-year actuarial survival of this group was 71.6 + 6.2%. On the contrary, in
      those whose volume was over 48 cm3 at the end of external irradiation, only 3 out
      of 18 were locally controlled, and the three-year survival was 7.4 + 6.0. Mass
      pelvic wall distance was also related to tumor control. CT was found to provide
      fairly objective, reproducible information for detecting the high-risk subgroup
      in cervical carcinoma under uniform treatment conditions.

PMID- 6443317
TI  - [In situ ecology of active and arrested caries. Importance of carbon dioxide].

PMID- 6443318
TI  - [Sex education in school].

PMID- 6443319
TI  - [Appropriate sex education].

PMID- 6443320
TI  - [The pedagogy of sex education].

PMID- 6443321
TI  - [Humanization of the head nurse/team relation].

PMID- 6443322
TI  - [Nursing care for the hospitalized elderly].

PMID- 6443323
TI  - [Emergencies in industrial medicine. Accidents due to caustic burns. Measures to
      be taken].

PMID- 6443324
TI  - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn. Current aspects].

PMID- 6443325
TI  - [Postischemic vasodilation or when your patient has no veins].

PMID- 6443326
TI  - The costs and benefits of screening for PKU in Wisconsin.

PMID- 6443328
TI  - Photosynthesis: transduction of light energy into chemical energy.

PMID- 6443327
TI  - Alternative strategies of fetal sex diagnoses and sex preselection.

PMID- 6443329
TI  - Photoreception and photomovements in microorganisms.

PMID- 6443330
TI  - The photoreceptor in Stentor coeruleus.

PMID- 6443331
TI  - Cytochrome P-450: a multifaceted catalyst.

PMID- 6443332
TI  - Proteinases as catalysts of peptide bond synthesis.

PMID- 6443333
TI  - [Synthesis of diacylhydrazides of 2-indole and their physiological activity].

PMID- 6443334
TI  - [Studies on antiradiation drugs: synthesis of amino-lipoates and related
      compounds].

PMID- 6443335
TI  - [Oscillopolarographic titration of calcium gluconate with EDTA].

PMID- 6443336
TI  - [Primary macular diseases in children].

PMID- 6443337
TI  - [Plasma zinc and copper in infants with protein-calorie malnutrition].
AB  - Forty-five marasmic infants were studied for plasma zinc and copper levels. They
      were selected from those children admitted to a nutritional recovery center. The
      mean plasma zinc level was 92.4 +/- 24 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD); 7% of the
      infants had low zinc values as defined by zinc less than 70 micrograms/dl. Median
      copper was 90 micrograms/dl (range 27-172) and 49% of the children had copper
      levels below 90 micrograms/dl (established as our normal limit). Birth weight,
      breast feeding and prior hospitalization for acute diarrhea with dehydration were
      studied as antecedents related to low Cu and Zn. Children with prior diagnosis of
      acute diarrhea and hospitalization had lower copper levels than those sent from
      primary care centers. Breast feeding was associated with higher Cu levels. No
      relationship was found between zinc levels and those antecedents, but differences
      were found in regard to the degree of malnutrition, season of the year and Zn
      status. In this investigation no Zn deficiency was found in marasmus cases.
      Hypocupremia, however, is a very significant problem in marasmic infants,
      especially when associated with early weaning and the presence of previous
      hospitalization for acute diarrhea.

PMID- 6443338
TI  - [Multiple neurofibromatosis of the arm].

PMID- 6443339
TI  - [Presence of a nucleus of distal ossification of the first metatarsus and its
      correlation with the pathogenesis of juvenile hallux rigidus].

PMID- 6443340
TI  - Transplantation of pancreatic islets.

PMID- 6443341
TI  - The human T-cell receptor.

PMID- 6443342
TI  - Interleukin 2.

PMID- 6443343
TI  - A pragmatic clinical trial of fissure sealants in a community dental service
      programme for 6-10-year-old children.

PMID- 6443344
TI  - Acute pulmonary edema.
AB  - Fluid movement from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitial space occurs
      continuously and is drained by the lymphatics. With increased leakage or
      decreased clearance, excessive extravascular lung water accumulates, initially as
      interstitial edema and subsequently as alveolar edema. The most common cause of
      pulmonary edema is an increase in microvascular hydrostatic pressure. An
      increased permeability of the capillaries is the other mechanism of production of
      pulmonary edema. An acute, critical reduction in colloid osmotic pressure may
      play a contributory role in pulmonary edema even at normal hydrostatic pressures.
      Dyspnea, diaphoresis, and anxiety characterize the clinical picture. A history of
      heart disease and congestive heart failure may be present in CPE, whereas
      evidence of an inciting event or disease process suggests NCPE. Hypoxia,
      decreased lung compliance, and increased shunt fraction are seen in both types of
      pulmonary edema, but the duration of pulmonary edema tends to be more severe and
      prolonged in NCPE. Evidence of increased permeability in NCPE distinguishes it
      from CPE. Clinically, this is assumed when pulmonary edema is demonstrated at
      normal PCWP and when edema fluid protein concentration and COP are close to those
      of plasma. The management of pulmonary edema consists of the improvement of gas
      exchange by methods that range from supplemental oxygen administration to
      mechanical ventilatory support with PEEP, depending on the severity of the
      disturbance in lung function. Improvement in myocardial function and a decrease
      in pulmonary congestion are accomplished with diuretics and morphine; in those
      patients who do not respond to this therapy, manipulation of preload, afterload,
      and myocardial contractility by vasodilators and inotropic agents may be
      required. In acute pulmonary edema, intravenously administered agents with a
      short half-life and rapid onset of action are preferred. The role of colloids in
      the treatment of pulmonary edema is controversial. The indications for the use of
      corticosteroids in ARDS are controversial, and an optimum dose has not been
      determined. Many clinicians tend to choose steroids to treat these patients, but
      the value of these agents in this setting awaits the results of controlled trials
      now under way.

PMID- 6443345
TI  - Exercise testing for functional evaluation and exercise prescription.
AB  - Although radionuclide tests, despite their high cost, are being used with ever
      increasing frequency in diagnostic testing, the ECG exercise stress test remains
      the best method for providing inexpensive, noninvasive information on how
      patients will function in vocational and recreational pursuits. This article
      explains the usefulness of respiratory gas analysis measurements in evaluating
      performance as well as providing some substitutes when direct measurement is not
      available. Various exercise test modifications that help in prescribing exercise
      for athletes, able-bodied cardiac patients, or the disabled are also described.

PMID- 6443346
TI  - [Treatment of superficial lesions of the eye with sodium cromoglycate].

PMID- 6443347
TI  - Quantification of C1-inhibitor functional activities by immunodiffusion assay in
      plasma of patients with hereditary angioedema--evidence of a functionally
      critical level of C1-inhibitor concentration.
AB  - The relationship of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) concentration and apparent functional
      activity was investigated in 111 plasma samples from 21 patients with the common
      form of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Functional C1-INH was analyzed by means of a
      modified version of immunodiffusion assay. Down to a C1-INH level of
      approximately 0.075 g/l (38% of normal) apparent C1-INH functions were found
      within the normal range, while below this level functional adequacy of C1-INH
      could no longer be ascertained. When C4 concentrations, considered to reflect
      approximately functional C1-INH, were related to C1-INH antigen levels of
      individual samples, a relationship emerged which was identical to that between C1
      INH concentration and apparent function. No attacks of edema could be associated
      with C1-INH concentrations above 0.075 g/l, while it was possible to associate
      attacks with concentrations below this level. In experiments where patient plasma
      and normal plasma were mixed in various ratios or where HAE plasma was replaced
      by purified C1-INH, an increase in C1-INH antigen to concentrations of 0.06-0.08
      g/l was followed by a sharp rise in apparent functions to normal values. The rise
      of functional C1-INH became moderate when C1-INH antigen further increased. The
      results supported the idea of a functionally critical level of C1-INH in the
      common form of HAE.

PMID- 6443348
TI  - Treatment of coronary heart disease with isosorbide mononitrate ('Elantan' 20).
AB  - An open, multi-centre trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and
      tolerance of isosorbide mononitrate used as anti-anginal therapy in a large group
      of patients under normal general practice conditions. A total of 10,229 patients
      with coronary heart disease of average duration of 4 years entered the trial, of
      whom 8769 had sufficiently severe symptoms to be included in the analysis of
      results. Most of the patients (92.3%) had previously been treated with
      cardiovascular drugs. In the trial, all patients were treated with oral
      isosorbide mononitrate, 20 mg 3-times daily, for a period of 14 days. Treatment
      resulted in an improvement of angina (compared with the situation during previous
      therapy) in 79.9% of the assessed patients, complete abolition of angina attacks
      being achieved in 52.1% and a reduction in frequency of attacks in a further
      28.7%. This reduction in angina was associated with a reduced acute consumption
      of nitrates used for the treatment of attacks. In the smaller sub-group of
      patients who had received no previous anti-anginal therapy, isosorbide
      mononitrate treatment resulted in improvement in 91% of patients, complete
      abolition being achieved in 77.5%. Nocturnal angina was almost totally eliminated
      by isosorbide mononitrate treatment and this can probably be explained in terms
      of the favourable pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. 'Nitrate headache',
      observed in 20.5% of the patients, was the only common side-effect of treatment.
      The absence of hypotension or tachycardia in significant numbers of patients
      indicates that isosorbide mononitrate should be well tolerated, as well as
      efficacious, in all patients with coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6443349
TI  - Treatment of coronary heart disease with isosorbide mononitrate ('Elantan' 20): a
      multi-centre study in hospital and general practice.
AB  - An open, multi-centre clinical trial was carried out in 537 hospital patients and
      2138 general practice patients to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of
      isosorbide 5-mononitrate in the treatment of angina pectoris. Prior to entry into
      the trial, angina attack frequency and acute glyceryl trinitrate consumption were
      assessed during previous, in most cases unsatisfactory, anti-anginal therapy.
      After a treatment-free washout period of 3 days, graded multi-stage exercise
      testing was performed and then treatment started with 20 mg isosorbide
      mononitrate 3-times per day. Exercise testing was repeated after 14 days' therapy
      and, in the case of the hospital patients, also 4 to 5 hours after the first dose
      of isosorbide mononitrate. At the end of the 14-day treatment period, angina
      attack frequency and glyceryl trinitrate consumption were again assessed. Similar
      results were obtained for both hospital and general practice patients. Changing
      to isosorbide mononitrate resulted in a marked reduction in angina frequency,
      with complete elimination of angina attacks in approximately half of the
      patients; nocturnal angina, present in approximately 20% of the patients during
      previous therapy, virtually disappeared during isosorbide mononitrate therapy.
      Exercise tolerance and performance improved in the majority of patients, with a
      marked increase in the number of patients able to exercise to the level at which
      some symptom other than angina pectoris caused them to stop. ST-depression during
      exercise and exercise-induced arrhythmias also showed clear reductions during
      isosorbide mononitrate therapy. Tolerance to isosorbide mononitrate was good, the
      expected 'nitrate headaches' being the only common side-effect reported. The
      results were such that continuation of treatment with isosorbide mononitrate
      after the trial was recommended by the attending physician in 77% of the hospital
      patients and 87% of the general practice patients.

PMID- 6443350
TI  - [Preparation of the stenotic colon for surgery].

PMID- 6443351
TI  - [Zinc deficiency syndrome during protracted total parenteral nutrition ].

PMID- 6443352
TI  - [The use of intravenous nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction: a
      preliminary clinical study].

PMID- 6443353
TI  - [Occupational risk: acceptable risk?].

PMID- 6443354
TI  - [An open system for exposure to noted and controlled concentrations of aeriform
      substances].
AB  - The AA describe the realise of an open circuit exposure chamber: it enables to
      reach solvent concentration levels that are continuously monitored and kept
      within the limits of acceptability. The room can be employed in studies and
      experimental researches on the respiratory absorption levels of airborne
      pollutants in man. The following data are reported: on microclimatic parameters,
      on the monitoring of CO2 concentration in the room when someone is inside, on the
      solvent concentration measures in different points of the room, on the monitoring
      of the quickness to reach the steady-state and wash-out in the room, on the
      available concentration ranges.

PMID- 6443355
TI  - [Abstracts of free communications presented at the 5th Venezuelan Congress of
      Gastroenterology].

PMID- 6443356
TI  - [Cumulative index 1974-1981].

PMID- 6443358
TI  - Prevention of school myopia.

PMID- 6443357
TI  - A statistical test for detection of ancestral genetic contributions to disease
      occurrence in finite populations.
AB  - We have been investigating cancer patterns in the Hutterites, a religious isolate
      residing on communal farms [Martin et al, 1980a,b,c]. Advantages of this
      population include extensive and accurate genealogies, essentially complete case
      ascertainment, and relatively uniform environmental background with regard to
      geographic location, lifestyle, and diet. However, application of the common
      epidemiological approach to familial risk assessment based on incidence in
      relatives of index cases [Haenszel, 1959] posed difficulties because all cases
      are probands. We also planned to employ matching to control for important
      confounders and thus had to deal with the problems of the matching of cases and
      controls as well as the existence of complex inbreeding [Hauck and Martin, 1982].
      Our basic approach was to compare coefficients of kinship (Fm, a measure of
      coancestry) of cases with each other to coefficients between cases and matched
      controls drawn from the same population. We have developed a paired t-type
      statistic to assess the significance of observed differences. We present, as
      examples, application of our methods to the analysis of Hutterite data on
      neurofibromatosis, known to be inherited in autosomal dominant fashion, and on
      cancer. Neurofibromatosis showed significant familial aggregation, as expected.
      Breast, colon-rectal, and stomach cancer did not. We then show how to evaluate
      power and to determine appropriate sample sizes for detecting specified increases
      in kinship.

PMID- 6443359
TI  - Serum and urine thyroid hormone levels in healthy preterm and small for date
      infants on the first and fifth day of life.
AB  - Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine
      (rT3), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and thyrotropin (TSH) were determined on
      the first and the fifth day of life in three groups of healthy premature infants
      (Group I: 26-32 weeks of gestation, Group II: 33-36 weeks, and Group III: full
      term but small for date). Urine T4 and T3 were also determined. T4 and T3 serum
      concentrations increased from Group I to Group III, but were similar on day 1 and
      5 in each group. rT3 was higher in Group I on day 1. The low concentrations of T4
      were not dependent on the TBG levels. TSH levels were higher on day 1 than on day
      5, but the hormonal feed back mechanism was not effective on day 1. Hormonal
      urine excretions were similar on day 1 and 5, except a higher T4 excretion in
      Group III on day 5. These results were related to the maturation steps in healthy
      premature infants where gestational age seemed more important than body weight in
      respect to some thyroid hormone parameters.

PMID- 6443360
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture exposed in
      vitro to styrene and styrene oxide.
AB  - Styrene and styrene oxide mutagenicity was tested in cultured human lymphocytes
      treated in vitro with various concentrations of test agents. Styrene alone was
      found mutagenic at the highest concentration used (5 X 10(-4) mol. l-1, combined
      with the alkylating agent THIO-TEPA it did not affect the chromosome aberration
      yield. Exposure to styrene oxide gave a positive result showing a clear-cut dose
      effect relationship within the concentration range 5 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-3) mol.
      l-1. In combination with THIO-TEPA its effect on chromosome aberration yields was
      additive. Styrene oxide proved also to be a very potent inducer of sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCE) within the concentration range 5 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-3)
      mol. l-1 tested. Combined with THIO-TEPA it exhibited a distinct additive effect
      in the production of SCEs.

PMID- 6443361
TI  - Comparative testing of skin reactions to PPD mycobacterins from Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum in school-age children.
AB  - Comparative skin tests with 2 TU PPD-RT 23 with Tween 80 (prepared from M.
      tuberculosis) and 5 TU PPD-RS 95 with Tween 80 (prepared from M. scrofulaceum)
      were intradermally given to a total of 1,140 7-year-old children in two towns of
      Karvina district (340 and 255 children) and in Teplice (267 children) and Prague
      (278 children). In the two groups of Karvina district children the percentages of
      small-sized reactions (6-9 mm) to PPD-RT 23 were 13.6 and 22.3% compared to 7.1%
      in Teplice and 5.7% in Prague. The prevalence of small reactions to the PPD-RS 95
      test in district of Karvina was 14.4 and 16.9%, in Teplice 4.5% and in Prague
      6.8%. In the two towns of Karvina district the percentages of children whose
      reaction to PPD-RS 95 was larger than to PPD-RT 23 were 56.4 and 42.8%, in
      Teplice 24% and in Prague 24%. The hypothesis is advanced that the higher degree
      of skin hypersensitivity to the M. scrofulaceum mycobacterin which was found
      among the Karvina district children tested is due to sensitization with
      environmental mycobacteria which are common in this area.

PMID- 6443362
TI  - Studies on suspected clinical and experimental angiostrongyliasis: serological
      responses.
AB  - Serum antibodies in suspected angiostrongyliasis patient were detected by ELISA.
      The antibody titre was 1:51,200 in the serum and 1:6,400 in CSF with preadult A.
      cantonensis antigen. Other tests like AGD and CIEP failed to show any positive
      reaction with both preadult and adult worm antigens. Experimental infection with
      100 A. cantonensis larvae in albino rats indicated positive CIEP reaction in
      serum from the day 5 to 375 after infection. No precipitin line was seen on the
      other hand, in AGD during observation period. Different rat groups infected with
      larval doses of 100, 500, 2,000, and 5,000 showed positive CIEP reaction, on the
      21st day of infection when preadult worms were seen in CNS. There was no CIEP
      reaction when a low dose of 15 larvae was used. Cerebral fluid of rats infected
      with heavy dose of 5,000 larvae showed positive CIEP reaction on the 21st day.

PMID- 6443363
TI  - The structure and immunochemical specificity of 0-antigens of 03 serogroup
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Using the method of phenol-aqueous extraction, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were
      isolated from 5 strains (subgroups) belonging to 03 serogroup of P. aeruginosa
      (4). Specific polysaccharides were isolated from the LPS by means of acid
      hydrolysis. It has been established that the polysaccharides determining O
      antigenic specificity have a uniform structure. They consist of repeated
      trisaccharide links comprising: 2,3(1-acetyl-2-methyl-2-imidazolino-5,4)-2,3
      dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid (Im) 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy uronic acid with -D
      manno-(M) or -L-gulo-(G) configuration and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-fucose (F) with
      alpha or beta configuration of the glycosidic bond. The structure of 0/3a/3d, 3f
      polysaccharide has not been definitely cleared up. Serological analysis using
      passive haemagglutination reaction (PHAR) testifies to the presence of antigenic
      cross activity of all the five LPS. Antigenic specificity of LPS of the
      individual subgroups was revealed in passive haemagglutination inhibition
      reaction (PHAIR). Partial cross activity was clearly demonstrated in
      immunoprecipitation experiments in the five subgroups. Serological properties of
      the LPS of P. aeruginosa 03 subgroup essentially correlate with the structure of
      their polysaccharide chains determining O-antigenic specificity.

PMID- 6443364
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Large-volume cultivation of production strains for
      vaccination purposes.
AB  - A submerged culture technology was used to produce large-volume suspensions of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa production strain for the purpose of vaccination. This
      paper describes the composition of the culture media used and the methods of
      preparing endotoxin and exotoxin components of the desired immunogenic activity.

PMID- 6443365
TI  - Antimicrobial profile of ceftazidime: the situation in three larger hospitals in
      Prague between 1981 and 1983.
AB  - As a part of preclinical trials of 2,996 clinical isolates from three larger
      hospitals in Prague were qualitatively and quantitatively assayed for in vitro
      sensitivity to ceftazidime. In gramnegative bacteria the incidence of resistance
      to ceftazidime in strain of Enterobacter, Serratia Proteus and Pseudomonas
      species ranged from 4% to 6% of strains. In grampositive bacteria only strains of
      enterococci, listeriae and anaerobic bacteria are excluded from the action of
      this broad-spectrum antibiotic. According to present experiences the
      antipseudomonal activity of ceftazidime is approximately the same as that of
      cefsulodine and cefoperazone. Alarmingly, one of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      isolates was found to show a distinct multiresistance to all available lactam,
      aminoglycoside and broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including ceftazidime.

PMID- 6443367
TI  - Problems of drug dependence 1984. Proceedings of the 46th annual scientific
      meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc.

PMID- 6443366
TI  - Financing health care cost in Florida.

PMID- 6443368
TI  - Experimental assessment of the relative abuse liability of triazolam and
      pentobarbital.

PMID- 6443369
TI  - Alcohol self-administration as a function of menstrual cycle phase.

PMID- 6443370
TI  - Food deprivation produces persistent increases in self-administration behavior
      during cocaine extinction.

PMID- 6443371
TI  - Opiate and opioid modulation of reproductive endocrinology in the male and
      female: development and pregestational aspects.

PMID- 6443372
TI  - Maternal drug use and the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for neonatal
      abstinence.

PMID- 6443373
TI  - Double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo in withdrawal from cocaine
      dependence.
AB  - Desipramine was compared with a placebo under double-blind conditions to
      determine if it is effective treatment for withdrawal from cocaine dependence.
      Eleven (11) subjects received desipramine and 11 received placebo. There was no
      significant statistical difference between groups in self-report on
      effectiveness; retention in treatment; cessation of cocaine use; or suppression
      of withdrawal scores. Although desipramine appears to be no more effective than
      placebo in withdrawal from cocaine use or suppression of withdrawal scores, it
      may be useful in the long-term treatment of this condition.

PMID- 6443374
TI  - Platelet serotonin transporter in cocaine patients.

PMID- 6443375
TI  - Impact of Talwin NX.

PMID- 6443376
TI  - Contingent methadone dose increases as a method for reducing illicit opiate use
      in detoxification patients.

PMID- 6443377
TI  - Naltrexone in addicted physicians and business executives.
AB  - Naltrexone was administered to 114 opiate-dependent business executives and 15
      opiate-dependent physicians as part of a comprehensive outpatient aftercare
      program following inpatient detoxification using clonidine. Over 80% of patients
      successfully completed at least six months of treatment without relapse or re
      addiction and were still drug-free at 12-18 months follow-up. Patients who
      completed at least six months of treatment were more likely to be opiate free at
      follow-up than patients who had dropped out at an earlier point in the program.
      This study demonstrates that naltrexone can be an extremely useful and
      appropriate treatment for highly motivated middle/upper class addicts when
      administered within the context of an intensive high-expectation program.

PMID- 6443378
TI  - Outpatient methadone detoxification: effects of diazepam and doxepin as adjunct
      medications.

PMID- 6443379
TI  - Effects of a dose increase on chronic opiate use during methadone detoxification.

PMID- 6443380
TI  - Assessment and extinction of conditioned withdrawal-like responses in an
      integrated treatment for opiate dependence.
AB  - Recent data have generally been consistent with our pilot findings: a significant
      proportion--33 to 40%--of opiate-dependent patients show a time-linked decrease
      in skin-temperature in response to standard drug-related stimuli, suggestive of
      conditioned withdrawal. Patients' physiological changes are often accompanied by
      subjective craving and withdrawal, but the correlation among these measures is
      modest. Though craving seems to diminish with repeated exposure to drug-related
      stimuli, withdrawal-like symptoms are often persistent and slow to extinguish.
      Our current design initially assumed that most patients would show conditioned
      craving and withdrawal to our standard stimuli and that our current procedure
      would be adequate to produce complete extinction for these "responders.' As it
      turned out, not all patients respond to our standard stimuli, and our extinction
      procedure is not completely effective for those who do. Given these two findings,
      our current design does not permit the best test of the potential clinical
      benefits of extinction. Our rich experience during the first phase of this
      project has stimulated several procedural changes which should increase our
      accuracy in determining the incidence of these conditioned phenomena, our
      effectiveness in extinguishing them, and permit a better assessment of their
      potential clinical benefit. These are as follows: Individualize eliciting (drug
      related) stimuli--We initially chose to use standard (the same for all patients)
      stimuli for practical and experimental reasons. However, their use may have
      resulted in an underestimate of the incidence of conditioned craving and
      withdrawal, and in less relevant extinction for many patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443381
TI  - Benzodiazepine dependence of several years duration: clinical profile and
      therapeutic benefits.
AB  - Twenty-two (22) patients with long-term benzodiazepine dependence ranging from
      3.5 to 13 years (Mean 7.4 years) were referred to us for evaluation and
      treatment. Daily dosages ranged from 10 to 100 mg (Mean 43.8 mg) of diazepam or
      its equivalent. Psychiatric diagnosis by DSM-III criteria revealed that 13
      (59.1%) had schizophrenic disorder; 7 (48%) had generalized anxiety disorder, and
      2 (9.1%) had manic depression. Only one patient could be totally withdrawn and
      remain abstinent from benzodiazepines without substituting another
      psychotherapeutic drug. Benzodiazepine dependence appeared therapeutic in the
      majority of these patients since psychotic symptoms, anxiety, or alcohol abuse
      were reduced. Based on these observations and other studies, we suggest that long
      term benzodiazepine dependence should not always be discontinued, since the
      patient may have severe underlying psychiatric and medical illnesses that are
      therapeutically well controlled.

PMID- 6443382
TI  - The addiction severity index in three different populations.

PMID- 6443383
TI  - The 800-COCAINE helpline: survey of 500 callers.
AB  - Five hundred cocaine users who called the 800-COCAINE helpline received an
      extensive telephone interview to assess the nature, extent and consequences of
      their self-reported cocaine use. The data revealed a high incidence of
      dysfunctional cocaine use associated with numerous physical, psychological, and
      social problems. The typical caller was a white, middle-income male between 25
      and 40 years old with no history of drug dependency or serious psychiatric
      problems. The findings are discussed with regard to the high abuse potential of
      cocaine and other factors that lead to problematic use and adverse effects.

PMID- 6443384
TI  - The effect of questionnaire design on reported prevalence of psychoactive
      medication.

PMID- 6443385
TI  - Young adult marijuana use in relation to antecedent misbehaviors.

PMID- 6443386
TI  - Acute effects of marijuana on pituitary and gonadal hormones during the
      periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6443387
TI  - A prospective twelve-year follow-up of alcoholic women: a prognostic scale for
      long-term outcome.

PMID- 6443388
TI  - Withdrawal from nicotine dependence using mecamylamine: comparison of three-week
      and six-week dosage schedules.
AB  - Mecamylamine (MCL) has been shown to extinguish nicotine dependence in animals
      and produce smoking cessation in some humans. This study was done to determine if
      MCL may be more effective and have fewer side-effects when administered at low
      dosages over a six-week period than at high dosages given over a three-week
      period. Subjects in the high-dose, three-week group demonstrated significantly
      more reduction of nicotine intake as evidenced by self-report and presence of
      nicotine in urine although side-effects were more pronounced. Although MCL's
      numerous side-effects should limit its clinical use to recalcitrant smokers who
      have failed other types of treatment, its nicotine antagonist property indicates
      it can be an effective agent to withdraw some persons from nicotine dependence.

PMID- 6443389
TI  - Evaluation of new compounds for opioid activity in rhesus monkey, rat, and mouse
      (1984)

PMID- 6443390
TI  - Feminization in alcoholic liver disease: the role of ethanol and alcoholic liver
      disease.

PMID- 6443391
TI  - Progress report from the NIDA Addiction Research Center Baltimore, Maryland
      (1984).

PMID- 6443392
TI  - Dose effect and preference comparison of diazepam and oxazepam.

PMID- 6443393
TI  - Effects of b-FNA in drug-naive and morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6443394
TI  - Congenital dislocation of dens of the axis in a case of neurofibromatosis.
AB  - The clinical and radiological findings in a case of neurofibromatosis with
      congenital dislocation of dens of the axis are presented.

PMID- 6443395
TI  - [A chair-side preventive program for children's dentistry].

PMID- 6443396
TI  - [Temporomandibular joint and occlusal screening in every day practice].

PMID- 6443397
TI  - [Etching of human prismless enamel].

PMID- 6443398
TI  - [Epidemiological study of periodontal disease in the Isle of Salamis. II.
      Correlation with oral hygiene habits and calculus].

PMID- 6443399
TI  - [White lesions of the oral mucous membrane. Clinical correlation with
      histological findings].

PMID- 6443400
TI  - [Contemporary concepts in partial coverage tooth preparations].

PMID- 6443401
TI  - [Impression materials].

PMID- 6443402
TI  - [The use of electron microscopy in diagnosis of tumors of the mouth].

PMID- 6443403
TI  - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: review of the literature and report of a case].

PMID- 6443404
TI  - [Angle Class II, division 2, malocclusions].

PMID- 6443405
TI  - [Duplicate temporary complete denture technics with autopolymerizing resins].

PMID- 6443406
TI  - [The odontomas of the jaws. Review of the literature and report of 4 cases].

PMID- 6443407
TI  - [Therapeutic methods in pulp diseases of deciduous teeth].

PMID- 6443408
TI  - [The use of N2O and O2 analgesia in pedodontics].

PMID- 6443409
TI  - [Dental cements].

PMID- 6443410
TI  - [Pathogenesis and therapy of herpetic infections].

PMID- 6443411
TI  - [Dentistry within the framework of medical practice in the Byzantine period (a
      paper based on ecclesiastical sources)].

PMID- 6443412
TI  - [Laboratory methods in the construction of immediate complete dentures].

PMID- 6443414
TI  - [Denture stomatitis due to removable dentures].

PMID- 6443413
TI  - [Delayed eruption of the upper central incisor].

PMID- 6443415
TI  - [The structure, orientation and physiological role of the periodontal ligament
      fibers].

PMID- 6443416
TI  - [Management of children's behavior in the dental office using pharmacologic
      agents].

PMID- 6443417
TI  - [Postextraction wound healing].

PMID- 6443418
TI  - [Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 6443419
TI  - [Rhabdomyoma of the mouth floor. Review of the literature and histological
      studies using electron microscopy].

PMID- 6443420
TI  - [Fractures of front teeth].

PMID- 6443421
TI  - [Premature loss of the deciduous molars].

PMID- 6443422
TI  - [Photoelastic studies in prosthodontics].

PMID- 6443423
TI  - [Forensic dentistry. II. History--teaching].

PMID- 6443424
TI  - [The breakage of working instruments in endodontic therapy. Prevention-
      management].

PMID- 6443425
TI  - [Ulceration of the palate after topical anesthesia: report of a case].

PMID- 6443426
TI  - [Orceinophilic granules in the cells of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors].

PMID- 6443427
TI  - [Indications for radiographic examination of the deciduous dentition].

PMID- 6443428
TI  - [Alveolar echinococcosis: relationship between the parasite and its hosts. 2.
      Immunogenic structures and induced humoral response].

PMID- 6443429
TI  - [Therapy of interproximal caries in premolars].

PMID- 6443430
TI  - [A system of preprosthetic reconstruction of residual roots with high reliability
      using cylindrical screws].

PMID- 6443431
TI  - [A case of Gardner's syndrome].

PMID- 6443432
TI  - [Radiographic verification of the occlusal plane in fixed dentures (I)].

PMID- 6443433
TI  - [Therapy of apical periodontitis using electropharmacophoresis and a 904 nm
      laser].

PMID- 6443434
TI  - [A framework with the Ney type clasp as an economical denture].

PMID- 6443435
TI  - [Panoramic radiography with the Status X in dental practice].

PMID- 6443436
TI  - [A disassembled fixed denture in periodontal diseases that is removable by the
      dentist].

PMID- 6443437
TI  - [Placental extracts in periodontosis].

PMID- 6443438
TI  - [Orthopantomographic study of the dental arch: technical notes].

PMID- 6443439
TI  - [Effect of a 904 nm laser on microcirculation and arteriovenous circulation as
      evaluated using telethermographic imaging].

PMID- 6443440
TI  - [Fixed denture with rigid attachments and screw retention].

PMID- 6443441
TI  - [Injury as the pathogenetic cause of molar caries in mandibular protrusion].

PMID- 6443442
TI  - [Clinical considerations in prevention of cervical root caries (I)].

PMID- 6443443
TI  - [Prevention of dental caries: I--Elimination of micro-pits and micro-fissures in
      human dental enamel and correction of their surfaces].

PMID- 6443444
TI  - [Role of essential oils in toothpastes. Chemico-analytic (gas chromatography)
      control and bacteriology].

PMID- 6443445
TI  - [Ulcerative lesions of the tongue in crysotherapy].

PMID- 6443446
TI  - [Therapeutic protocol for spinocellular carcinoma of the mouth floor].

PMID- 6443447
TI  - [Plastic-reconstructive surgery of the dento-gingival structures].

PMID- 6443448
TI  - [Corticosteroid periodontal therapy. Initial results with the most recent local
      action preparation (I--Effect on denture stomatitis)].

PMID- 6443449
TI  - [Corticosteroid periodontal therapy. Initial results with the most recent local
      action preparation (II--Effect in periodontal surgery)].

PMID- 6443450
TI  - [Corticosteroid periodontal therapy. Initial results with the most recent local
      action preparation (III--Effect on ulcerative periodontitis)].

PMID- 6443451
TI  - [Correlation of the width of the attached gingiva examined with visual control
      and ultrasound].

PMID- 6443452
TI  - [Prevention: practical advice to patients with oral disease].

PMID- 6443453
TI  - [Dentist and pediatrician together in health care].

PMID- 6443454
TI  - [Preparation of the canal with the Endomat].

PMID- 6443456
TI  - [Use of the half crown in daily practice].

PMID- 6443455
TI  - [Raising the bite with composites].

PMID- 6443457
TI  - [Evaluation of the analgesic effect of 904 nm light laser in 2 cases of essential
      trigeminal neuralgia using telethermographic imaging].

PMID- 6443458
TI  - [Therapy of interproximal caries in molars].

PMID- 6443459
TI  - [Use of light emitted from an argon laser for the polymerization of composites
      usually polymerized by UV or halogen light. Immediate advantages and long-term
      clinical aspects].

PMID- 6443460
TI  - [Clinical application of anterior and posterior Cavex Clearfil].

PMID- 6443461
TI  - [Esthetic and functional restorations with composites (anterior and posterior
      Clearfil)].

PMID- 6443462
TI  - [Technics in the use of composites in functional and esthetic Class I
      restorations].

PMID- 6443463
TI  - [Technics in the use of composites in functional and esthetic Class II
      restorations].

PMID- 6443464
TI  - [Technics in the use of composites in functional and esthetic Class III
      restorations].

PMID- 6443465
TI  - [Technics in the use of composites in functional and esthetic Class IV
      restorations].

PMID- 6443466
TI  - [Technics in the use of composites in functional and esthetic Class V
      restorations].

PMID- 6443467
TI  - [A preparation method using infrared 904 nm. laser light on the latero-posterior
      teeth with the latest generation composite materials].

PMID- 6443468
TI  - [Preparation technics of sample disks of composites for evaluation testing].

PMID- 6443469
TI  - [Polymerization of composites with laser light].

PMID- 6443470
TI  - [Evaluation of water absorption by a composite, Clearfil posterior, polymerized
      with 904 nm. laser light, in relation to normal polymerization].

PMID- 6443471
TI  - [Evaluation of water absorption by a composite, Durafill, polymerized with argon
      laser light, in relation to normal polymerization].

PMID- 6443472
TI  - [Evaluation of the hardness of a composite, Clearfil posterior, polymerized with
      904 nm. laser light, in relation to normal polymerization].

PMID- 6443473
TI  - [Evaluation of the hardness of a composite, Durafill, polymerized with argon
      laser light, in relation to normal polymerization].

PMID- 6443474
TI  - [Evaluation of the wear of a composite, Clearfil posterior, polymerized with 904
      nm. laser light, in relation to normal polymerization].

PMID- 6443475
TI  - [Evaluation of the wear of a composite, Durafill, polymerized with argon laser
      light, in relation to normal polymerization].

PMID- 6443476
TI  - [Experimental technics to eliminate air bubbles with the use of ultrasound in
      composites under controlled polymerization].

PMID- 6443477
TI  - [Immobilization of periodontally involved teeth with composites polymerized with
      laser light].

PMID- 6443478
TI  - [Experimental protocol for the application of laser light for the polymerization
      of composites--controlled with 904 nm. laser light--inducted with argon laser
      light (isocentric polymerization)].

PMID- 6443479
TI  - [Experimental studies and comparison using optical microscopy of the adhesion of
      a composite that is autopolymerized and controlled polymerized with 904 nm. laser
      light (Clearfil)].

PMID- 6443481
TI  - [Introduction to controlled and inducted technics of polymerization of composites
      using the application of laser light].

PMID- 6443480
TI  - [Experimental studies and comparison using electron microscopy (SEM) of the
      adhesion of a composite that is autopolymerized and controlled polymerized with
      904 nm. laser light (Clearfil)].

PMID- 6443482
TI  - [Experimental studies and comparison using optical microscopy of the adhesion of
      a composite resin photopolymerized with halogen light and induction polymerized
      with argon laser light (Durafill)].

PMID- 6443483
TI  - [Experimental studies and comparison using electron microscopy of the adhesion of
      a composite resin photopolymerized by halogen light and induction polymerized
      with argon laser light (Durafill)].

PMID- 6443484
TI  - [The Emmessebi articulator].

PMID- 6443485
TI  - [The modified Fox plane micrometer].

PMID- 6443486
TI  - [Odontomes: general characteristics and a diagnostic case].

PMID- 6443487
TI  - [A case of ossifying fibroma of the maxilla: pre- and post-operative review].

PMID- 6443488
TI  - [Microbiology of caries].

PMID- 6443489
TI  - [The argon laser in dentistry].

PMID- 6443490
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of sulcular fluid in diagnosis of periodontal disease].

PMID- 6443491
TI  - [Gingival hyperplasia and diphenylhydantoin].

PMID- 6443492
TI  - [The role of extraction in orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 6443493
TI  - [Statistical report on laser therapy in dentistry].

PMID- 6443494
TI  - [Outline of pedodontic electropharmacophoresis (Iontophoresis)].

PMID- 6443495
TI  - [The pH of dentifrices].

PMID- 6443496
TI  - [Preventive orthodontics and the use of oral screens].

PMID- 6443497
TI  - [Prevention of caries using toothpicks].

PMID- 6443498
TI  - [Notes on cephalometry: the V. Sassouni method].

PMID- 6443499
TI  - [Determination of the biological age of patients in orthodontic treatment (I)].

PMID- 6443500
TI  - [Full coverage denture. A simple anchorage system (I)].

PMID- 6443501
TI  - [Full coverage denture. A simple anchorage system (II)].

PMID- 6443502
TI  - [Effect of the Mediterranean diet on the pH of the oral cavity].

PMID- 6443503
TI  - [Clinical report on the dis-impaction of impacted teeth in childhood].

PMID- 6443504
TI  - [Construction of a provisional fixed denture in resin using an indirect method].

PMID- 6443505
TI  - [Marginal juvenile periodontal disease and carious disease].

PMID- 6443506
TI  - [Prosthetic design using the Kennedy classification (I)].

PMID- 6443507
TI  - [Prosthetic design using the Kennedy classification (II)].

PMID- 6443508
TI  - [Prosthetic design using the Kennedy classification (III)].

PMID- 6443509
TI  - [Emergency treatment of cranio-facial injuries (I--Resuscitation therapy)].

PMID- 6443510
TI  - [Emergency treatment of cranio-facial injuries (II--Surgical-orthopedic
      treatment)].

PMID- 6443511
TI  - [Chemico-physical properties and behavior of various composites in conservative
      and reconstructive dentistry for children and adults].

PMID- 6443512
TI  - [Prosthetic use of the Bi-Nat, a combined rigid and hinged disconnecting
      attachment].

PMID- 6443513
TI  - [Practical use of various types of intraoral radiographs in the daily practice of
      dentistry].

PMID- 6443514
TI  - [Vestibular impressions of occlusion].

PMID- 6443515
TI  - [Root canal obturation in daily practice].

PMID- 6443516
TI  - [Practical applications of hypnosis in dentistry].

PMID- 6443517
TI  - [Evaluation studies of electropharmacophoretic application (iontophoresis) of
      fluoride in tooth desensitization].

PMID- 6443518
TI  - [Chemotherapy in the treatment of periodontal disease].

PMID- 6443519
TI  - [Root planning as a basic clinical procedure in periodontal diseases
      (indications)].

PMID- 6443520
TI  - [Root planning as a basic clinical procedure in periodontal diseases (technics)].

PMID- 6443521
TI  - [Immunotherapy yesterday and today for marginal periodontal disease (I)].

PMID- 6443522
TI  - [Tolerance and acceptability of Flurbiprofen mouthrinse after single and repeated
      administration in dentistry].

PMID- 6443523
TI  - [Various antibiotics in dentistry].

PMID- 6443524
TI  - [Local anesthetics in dentistry].

PMID- 6443525
TI  - [Pigmentation in the oral cavity].

PMID- 6443526
TI  - [The first orthodontic visit: psychology and procedure].

PMID- 6443527
TI  - [Nutritional considerations on the subject of orofacial dysmorphosis].

PMID- 6443528
TI  - [The autologous free connective tissue flap in periodontal surgery].

PMID- 6443529
TI  - [A rare tumor: adeno-ameloblastoma. Description of a case].

PMID- 6443530
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of EDTAC and Salvizol on the walls of
      instrumented root canals. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 6443532
TI  - Early rehabilitation at home of elderly patients with hip fractures and
      consumption of resources in primary care.
AB  - From 1976 onwards an active rehabilitation programme has been applied to elderly
      patients with fresh hip fractures at the Department of Orthopaedics in Lund in
      Southern Sweden. This involves early mobilisation in the hospital (internal
      fixation and immediate weight-bearing) and at home, rehabilitation in cooperation
      with primary health care personnel from the time of the patient's admission. The
      purposes of this investigation were to evaluate the effect of this programme in
      primary care and to assess the consumption of resources for rehabilitation at
      home of patients with cervical or trochanteric hip fractures. One hundred of 161
      consecutive patients returned home directly on discharge from the hospital and
      were followed up until four months after the fracture by the home care unit (a
      primary health care centre). Most patients regained their previous functions
      within four months of their fractures. Patients with cervical fractures consumed
      less resources for rehabilitation than patients with trochanteric fractures. The
      total cost per patient was ten times higher for care at a convalescent-home than
      for rehabilitation at home through primary care. Early at home rehabilitation of
      elderly patients with hip fractures gives good results at a minimal cost and is
      thus of advantage both to the patient and to the community.

PMID- 6443531
TI  - [Comparison of 4 methods for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from
      sputum].

PMID- 6443533
TI  - Message dissemination for a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention
      programme (the North Karelia Project).
AB  - The North Karelia Project was a community-based pilot programme in an Eastern
      Finnish community of 180,000 adults. During the intervention period from 1972 to
      1977, the project successfully demonstrated that changing risk factors at the
      community level was feasible and could result in a significant reduction in
      disease rates. The North Karelia Project used mass media for dissemination of the
      message, but relied on face-to-face contact to persuade people to adopt the new
      lifestyles. Training seminars for professionals were a key programme component.
      On average, one seminar was conducted every two and a half weeks. Total project
      costs were only one per cent of the total health services costs for the county
      during the project. These findings suggest that community programmes can improve
      both subjective and objective cardiovascular health, and that the strategy of
      integrating funding into the project recruitment and commitment process is
      appropriate and may even be necessary for a successful community based heart
      disease prevention programme.

PMID- 6443534
TI  - [Thromboplastic activity and plasminogen activator activity in cholesteatoma and
      granulation tissue of the middle ear].

PMID- 6443535
TI  - [Neurohistological changes in condylomata acuminata of the vulva].

PMID- 6443536
TI  - [Morphology of giant-cell nucleus reticularis in the rat].

PMID- 6443537
TI  - The elderly in Bialystok. Part I. Assumption, organization and progress of the
      study.

PMID- 6443538
TI  - The elderly in Bialystok. Part II. Family structure and living conditions.

PMID- 6443539
TI  - The elderly in Bialystok. Part III. Health status and functional ability.

PMID- 6443540
TI  - The elderly in Bialystok. Part IV. Mode of life.

PMID- 6443542
TI  - [Leukocytes and acute lung injuries].

PMID- 6443541
TI  - Evaluation of long-term safety and clinical benefit of terodiline in women with
      urgency/urge incontinence. A multicentre study.
AB  - Terodiline is a secondary amine with anticholinergic and calcium antagonistic
      properties. The drug has been shown in controlled studies to be effective in
      patients with motor urge incontinence. In order to evaluate safety and clinical
      benefits of terodiline during long-term therapy in women with urgency/urge
      incontinence, a 6-month study has been performed. The study was designed as an
      open multicentre study with a run-in period and assessments after 3 and 6 months
      treatment. One hundred patients with a mean age of 48 years (range 18-78) were
      included. The daily dose was 50 mg, given as 25 mg in the morning and 25 mg at
      night. The safety was evaluated by recording of adverse reactions and
      measurements of haematology (B-Hb, B-erythrocytes, B-leukocytes, B-thrombocytes),
      liver function (S-ALAT, S-ASAT, S-ALP), kidney function (S-creatinine), ESR,
      heart rate and blood pressure. Clinical benefits were assessed by changes in
      micturition patterns, cystometry and patient preferences. Ninety-one patients
      were evaluated after 3 months and seventy after both 3 and 6 months. Terodiline
      was in most patients well tolerated and adverse reactions, usually those to be
      expected from the pharmacological effects of the drug, caused withdrawals in 12
      patients. Mean levels of all variables on clinical chemistry were well within the
      normal range. No significant changes were seen except for a small increase in B
      thrombocytes, S-creatinine and ESR. No significant changes in heart rate or blood
      pressure occurred except for a small but statistically significant increase
      (about 2 mmHg) in resting diastolic blood pressure after 6 months. A
      statistically significant decrease of voluntary as well as involuntary
      micturitions was seen. The number of voluntary micturitions decreased from a mean
      of 10.8 during run-in by 2.4 per day (p less than 0.01) during the first period
      and by 2.5 per day (p less than 0.01) during the whole 6-month therapy.
      Involuntary micturitions decreased by 1.3 from 2.7 per day (p less than 0.01)
      after 3 months and by 1.1 per day (p less than 0.01) after 6 months. Both bladder
      volume at first sensation to void and the maximum cystometric bladder capacity
      increased significantly from 134 ml by 56 (p less than 0.01) and 63 ml (p less
      than 0.01) after 3 and 6 months and from 252 ml by 54 (p less than 0.01) and 66
      ml (p less than 0.01) after 3 and 6 months, respectively. No significant changes
      in bladder pressure or residual urine were shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 6443543
TI  - Effect of antioxidants on the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced
      mammary tumor in rats.

PMID- 6443544
TI  - Dental care--a bargain in the past and in today's economy.

PMID- 6443545
TI  - Medicaid and the Reagan Administration--concerns for dentistry.

PMID- 6443546
TI  - [Infections and deaths of horned vipers, Cerastes cerastes (L., 1758) and lebetin
      vipers, Vipera lebetina (L., 1758) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter,
      1885)].
AB  - The authors present some data about the buccal and intestinal microflora of
      Ophidian Reptiles schooling in the vivaria of the Institute Pasteur of Tunis.
      They describe two cases of infestation and dead, chiefly symptomatology, of a
      horned Viper, Cerastes cerastes (L. 1758) and a lebetin Viper, Vipera lebetina
      (L., 1758) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Schroeter, 1885.

PMID- 6443547
TI  - Effect of protein-free diet on growth of the skeletal units of the rat mandible.

PMID- 6443548
TI  - Detention of 'a', 'd', 'g', and 'S1' Streptococcus mutans serotypes by
      microiMmunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques.

PMID- 6443549
TI  - Management of oral problems in the elderly.

PMID- 6443550
TI  - The management of the "chronic" patient.

PMID- 6443551
TI  - Podiatry for the geriatric patient.

PMID- 6443552
TI  - Psychomotor performance.

PMID- 6443553
TI  - Aging and neoplasia.

PMID- 6443554
TI  - Genomic plasticity in aging human cells.

PMID- 6443555
TI  - Multi-infarct dementia.

PMID- 6443556
TI  - Normal and abnormal oral status in aging.

PMID- 6443557
TI  - Immunobiology of tissue transplantation: a return to the passenger leukocyte
      concept.

PMID- 6443558
TI  - Biosynthesis and regulation of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6443559
TI  - Immunoglobulin genes.

PMID- 6443560
TI  - Total intestinal metaplasia with focal adenocarcinoma in a Schistosoma-infested
      defunctioned urinary bladder.

PMID- 6443561
TI  - Giant diverticulum of the anterior urethra.

PMID- 6443562
TI  - Drug therapy of cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - The authors provide an overview of the general features of pharmacokinetics and
      report the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of selected
      antiarrhythmic drugs. Their clinical experience in the use of investigational
      antiarrhythmic drugs is also presented.

PMID- 6443564
TI  - Effects of laser radiation on the morphology of human coronary atherosclerotic
      disease.
AB  - Laser energy delivered through optical fibers can produce potent controlled
      thermal dissolution of human coronary obstructive disease, thus widening the
      stenotic vascular lumen. The ease of vaporization and penetration depends not
      only on the physical properties of the laser beam but also on the physical
      characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaque. Lipid-laden plaques are more
      easily vaporized compared with plaques that are heavily calcified. In
      atherosclerotic animal models studied in vivo, laser radiation produced a charred
      lining around the evacuated area and rapid regeneration of a new endothelial
      lining. After several weeks, the laser-induced crater was still evident, and
      thrombogenesis was not a significant complication. Focal aneurysmal dilatation
      may develop when there is thermal injury of the medial layer, and acute
      perforation can occur if severe laser burn is extended beyond the adventitial
      layer. Further technical advances and achievements are needed before laser
      recanalization becomes a clinical reality.

PMID- 6443563
TI  - Investigational antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of ventricular rhythm
      disturbances.
AB  - Currently available antiarrhythmic drugs possess very poor therapeutic-to-toxic
      ratios, and therefore, there is a great deal of interest in the development of
      new investigational agents to suppress ventricular rhythm disturbances. This
      article includes most of the investigational ventricular antiarrhythmic drugs in
      which there has been a great deal of recent active investigation and interest. It
      stresses the different patient populations that have been tested with each of
      these antiarrhythmic drugs, pointing out those drugs that have been documented to
      be effective in nonsustained ventricular tachycardia or sustained ventricular
      tachycardia and sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 6443565
TI  - Correlation between catecholamine excretion and autonomic nervous system
      parameters in alcoholism.

PMID- 6443566
TI  - Dynamics of external respiration and gas exchange during combined exposure to
      hypoxia and hypercapnia.

PMID- 6443567
TI  - Ocular abnormalities in craniofacial malformations.

PMID- 6443568
TI  - The importance of chromosomal studies in ophthalmology.

PMID- 6443569
TI  - Developmental ocular abnormalities and glaucoma.

PMID- 6443570
TI  - A practical guide for routine EEG studies in epilepsy.
AB  - Know what is not epilepsy! An electroencephalographer can do much more damage by
      overinterpreting than by underinterpreting an EEG tracing. Epilepsy is a
      clinical, not an EEG, diagnosis, but the EEG, when used appropriately, can
      greatly aid the diagnostic process. Use activating techniques such as
      hyperventilation, photic stimulation, and natural sleep. Take advantage of
      seizures in the laboratory--this is a unique opportunity to make a diagnosis. If
      the ictal event is not accompanied by an EEG abnormality, and pseudoseizures are
      suspected, remember that patients with hysterical epilepsy often have real
      seizures as well. Use the EEG to help differentiate between generalized and
      partial epileptic conditions, and to identify benign epileptic syndromes. These
      diagnoses have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The EEG can
      help determine whether a patient is deteriorating due to increased seizure
      activity (undermedicated) or increased side effects (overmedicated). Postictal
      slowing must be differentiated from progressive or drug induced changes. The best
      candidates for resective surgical therapy are otherwise healthy young adults with
      medically intractable partial complex seizures, no psychosis, and unilateral or
      bilaterally independent interictal anterior temporal EEG spike foci. Patients
      with multifocal or bilaterally synchronous interictal EEG spikes combined with
      mental retardation are less likely to benefit from resective surgery, although
      they may be helped by corpus callosum section.

PMID- 6443571
TI  - Electroencephalographic studies in seizure disorders: additional considerations.

PMID- 6443572
TI  - The requirement for constant arterial radioactivity in the C15O2 steady-state
      blood-flow model.
AB  - This study evaluates the discrepancy between the true CBF value and the CBF value
      calculated according to the C15O2 steady-state model, for situations where the
      arterial input function, Ca(t), deviates considerably from its steady-state
      value, Ca. The fact that arterial input function and tissue O-15 concentration
      are not independent variables is taken into account. Inconstant or variable
      arterial input functions are simulated and the corresponding tissue O-15
      concentrations calculated. The steady-state CBF values are evaluated for several
      temporal variations of Ca over the period of imaging, all derived from Ca(t) by
      simulation of various blood-sampling schemes, and are compared with the true CBF
      value. The study indicates that reliable CBF values are obtained by the C15O2
      steady-state method even under severely impaired "unsteady-state" conditions,
      provided that either the true average arterial concentration over the entire
      scan, or the average concentration from multiple arterial samples, is used.

PMID- 6443573
TI  - Square wave jerks--incidence, characteristic, and significance.
AB  - Square wave jerks (SWJ) are saccadic eye movements which, when recorded with open
      eyes are considered to be a pathological sign, caused by fixation instability,
      and pointing to a central neurological lesion. In reviewing 429
      electronystagmographic traces, 85 (20%) were found to include the pattern of SWJ.
      Among them, in 38 traces, SWJ have been recorded with open eyes during fixation.
      Many of these cases were found to suffer from definite peripheral vestibular
      pathology, and some of them did not reveal any sign of neurological pathology in
      the clinical evaluation and by electronystagmography. Thus, SWJ are non-specific
      rapid eye movements, which do not necessarily point to neurological pathology.
      The literature is reviewed and the possible neural mechanism for the production
      of SWJ is discussed.

PMID- 6443574
TI  - An analysis of the contribution of the preparatory technique to the appearance of
      condensed and orthodox conformations of liver mitochondria.
AB  - The structure and volume of isolated mitochondria embedded for electron
      microscopy during different respiratory states were analyzed in thin sections.
      Three different embedding methods were compared; osmium tetroxide
      fixation/acetone dehydration, glutaraldehyde fixation/acetone dehydration, and
      glutaraldehyde fixation-osmium tetroxide postfixation/acetone dehydration.
      Analysis of fresh mitochondria, isolated in a sucrose medium, revealed the
      presence of a homogeneous population with respect to structure when any of the
      three methods were applied. After fixation with osmium alone, or in combination
      with glutaraldehyde, nearly 100% of the mitochondria were in a "condensed"
      conformation. Mitochondria fixed with glutaraldehyde alone resulted in a
      population of mitochondria that had large spaces separating the two membranes of
      the cristae which corresponds to the condensed conformation as observed after
      osmium fixation. Transfer of the mitochondria to the incubation medium led to the
      appearance of two classes of mitochondria with respect to size. One class had a
      volume close to that observed when suspended in sucrose, and another class was
      present that was 30-45% larger. In osmium fixed or in double-fixed preparations,
      these small and large classes corresponded to "condensed" and "orthodox" forms of
      mitochondria respectively. When glutaraldehyde was used alone as the fixative,
      the two size classes were also present. However, the mitochondria were
      homogeneous with respect to structure. In these mitochondria, the width of the
      space that separated the cristae membranes had become reduced when compared to
      mitochondria suspended in sucrose. The two size classes were also present in
      samples of mitochondria prepared during both states 3 and 4. State 4 conditions
      did not lead to any significant increase of the number of condensed mitochondria.
      In state 3 preparations, 65-70% of the population were condensed. The condensed
      and orthodox forms could be related to normal and swollen forms of mitochondria.
      Conditions that led to a swelling also led to an increase in the number of
      orthodox mitochondria in osmium-fixed material. The different appearance of the
      mitochondria is explained by the different conditions for fixation of the
      mitochondria that exist when nonswollen and swollen mitochondria are fixed. This
      difference is particularly crucial in the case of osmium tetroxide due to the
      unique way this fixative, among generally used fixatives, denatures proteins.

PMID- 6443575
TI  - Long-term LHRH-agonist treatment in metastatic breast cancer as a single
      treatment and in combination with other additive endocrine treatments.
AB  - Twenty-one premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer (unselected for
      receptor status) were treated during 3-14 months with the potent LHRH-agonist
      Buserelin (Hoe 766) as a first-line therapy. In one-third of 12 patients treated
      with Buserelin alone an objective tumour response was observed in the absence of
      side effects. The longest duration of response occurred in 2 patients with
      complete remissions (14+ and 13+ months). After addition and in combination with
      tamoxifen this LHRH-agonist treatment caused an objective response in about half
      (8/17) of the patients. A problem appears to be the great variation in hormonal
      response especially during the combination treatment with tamoxifen, which was
      not found during combination treatment with megestrol acetate in 4 patients.
      Ultimately, of the whole group of 21 patients, 9 patients (43%) showed an
      objective remission, 6 stable disease and 6 progression of tumour growth.

PMID- 6443576
TI  - Advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma: biological aspects and effects of androgen
      deprivation achieved by castration or agonistic analogues of LHRH.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated
      clinically, biochemically and radiologically and randomly assigned either to
      orchiectomy or to medical treatment. The latter consisted of the chronic
      administration of an LHRH agonistic analogue by parenteral and/or intranasal
      routes. Plasma testosterone levels fell to castrate values and remained so for as
      long as the follow-up lasted (24 months); estrogen levels fell as well. No change
      in basal cortisol, thyroxine or prolactin levels was noticed. A decrease in
      prostate size and improvement in prostatism occurred in all. Bone pain and
      radiology conventionally or by isotopic scanning, did not parallel the
      improvement seen in the primary disease locus. Similarly, the changes in alkaline
      phosphatase were minimal when compared to that of prostatic acid phosphatase.
      Both enzymes increased prior to or concurrently with relapse of the disease. The
      longest remission and survival was seen in patients with low enzyme levels, non
      diffuse bone metastases and high degree of tumor differentiation. Chronic use of
      agonistic analogues of LHRH induces effective castration in men with prostatic
      carcinoma and can replace orchiectomy or estrogen administration. The
      quantitative analysis of androgen receptors (AR) in subcellular fractions of
      tumor cells; the use of techniques to enhance the number of AR in the cytosol;
      and the determination of the type II/I regulatory subunit of protein kinase may
      be used to identify hormone independent clones and spare patients of unnecessary
      procedures.

PMID- 6443577
TI  - Transfection and cloning of genes for membrane antigens using the FACS.
AB  - In order to facilitate cloning of genes for cell surface molecules, we
      cotransfected LTK- mouse fibroblasts with thymidine kinase (TK) genes and total
      human or mouse DNA. TK+ cells, selected by growth in HAT medium, were stained
      with fluorochrome conjugated monoclonal antibodies or other fluorescent ligands
      which bind to one or another membrane differentiation antigen or receptor. We
      isolated fluorescent transfectants expressing these molecules using a
      fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). For some antigens, spontaneous gene
      amplification occurred. By repeated cycles of FACS sorting and regrowth we
      obtained high expressing clones. We then isolated cDNA and genomic clones using
      selected cDNA probes to screen phage with cDNA inserts. DNA from virtually any
      tissue source transfected equally well for the various molecules except for DNA
      from a trophoblast derived choriocarcinoma cell line which did not transfect for
      Leu-2.

PMID- 6443578
TI  - [Dynamics of immune response parameters and the therapeutic effect of gold salts
      in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6443579
TI  - T lymphocyte culture established by repeated stimulation with the autologous
      lymphoblastoid line. MHC class II restricted interactions with B blasts.
AB  - An OKT3+T4+T8-DR+ lymphocyte line was developed from an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
      seropositive individual by repeated stimulation in vitro with autologous EBV
      infected B cells. The T cell population designated E-44 was carried for eight
      months in the presence of Interleukin-2 and was repeatedly tested for
      cytotoxicity, proliferation and lymphokine production in response to the
      autologous and a panel of allogenic B cells. The E-44 cells lysed the autologous
      lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) and allogenic B cell lines sharing the DR6.1
      major histocompatibility complex antigen with the lymphocyte donors. The EBV
      genome-negative lymphoma line BJAB and its two, infected in vitro, EBV-positive
      sublines were lysed with similar efficiencies. Autologous Staphylococcus aureus
      protein A (Prot-A) induced B, but not Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T blasts
      were also lysed. It is likely that E-44 recognized an antigenic component derived
      from the fetal calf serum in association with class II determinants expressed on
      the B cells. Preincubation of E-44 cells with saturating amounts of OKT3 and
      Leu3a monoclonal antibodies abrogated the lytic effect on the autologous LCL.
      Cold target competition experiments demonstrated that, within, the population,
      the same cells reacted with the autologous Prot-A-induced blasts, the EBV
      transformed LCL, and also with Daudi (an EBV genome-positive BL line). Although
      Daudi was the target which was lysed with the greatest efficiency, the avidity of
      interaction was highest with the autologous LCL because these cells competed
      best. Among the cells that were sensitive for the lytic effect, only the
      autologous LCL and Prot-A-induced B blasts triggered release of detectable
      amounts of Interleukin-2 and induced proliferation of the culture. The results
      suggest that the affinity of interaction with the target may be decisive for the
      triggering of the various T cell functions.

PMID- 6443580
TI  - The role of intravenous nutrition in low birth-weight infants.

PMID- 6443581
TI  - Plasmids in penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Peninsular Malaysia.

PMID- 6443582
TI  - Vanadium and manic depressive psychosis.
AB  - The evidence for the involvement of vanadium in the aetiology of manic depressive
      psychosis is reviewed. Raised levels of vanadium have been reported in plasma in
      mania and depression and raised hair levels reported in mania. Lithium has been
      reported to reduce the inhibition of Na-K ATPase by vanadate. Several groups of
      psychotropic drugs (e.g. phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors) have been
      shown to catalyse the reduction of vanadate to the less active vanadyl ion.
      Therapies based on decreasing vanadate levels in the body (e.g. ascorbic acid,
      EDTA, methylene blue) have been reported to be effective in both depression and
      mania.

PMID- 6443583
TI  - Some varieties of food intolerance in psychiatric patients: an overview.
AB  - Foods may cause mental and behavioural symptoms by means of a variety of
      mechanisms. Food allergy is only one of many of these. The paper presents a brief
      overview of evidence, as of early 1982, concerning cerebral allergy, food
      addiction, the hypoglycaemias, caffeinism, hypersensitivity to chemical food
      additives, reactions to vasoactive amines in foods, and reactions attributed to
      neuropeptides formed from foods as causes of mental symptoms, with particular
      reference to psychiatric patients. It is concluded that although much work in
      this field remains to be done, enough is already known to benefit patients now if
      available knowledge is applied. An individual-centred environmental approach,
      extending beyond dietary factors if necessary, is recommended as more likely to
      help than a group-centred paradigm-based approach to treatment.

PMID- 6443584
TI  - Tyrosine for the treatment of depression.
AB  - The two most widely held biochemical models of depression--the catecholamine (CA)
      and indoleamine (IA) hypotheses--explain depression as a result of deficient
      transmission of the CA norepinephrine (NE) or the IA serotonin (5
      hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) respectively. Until recently, all drugs used to treat
      depression appeared to enhance neurotransmission in one or both of these systems,
      which was used to explain their antidepressant actions (Gelenberg and Klerman,
      1978). In fact, it was this action of antidepressants that gave rise to the
      models of depression. Another way to increase brain levels of NE and 5-HT, and
      potentially to increase presynaptic activity, would be the systemic
      administration of the precursors of the neurotransmitters, an approach something
      like organic gardening in the brain. For this purpose, the 5-HT precursors
      tryptophan and 5-hydroxtryptophan (5-HTP), and the NE precursors tyrosine and
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), have been administered to depressed patients. This
      paper reviews some of the theoretical background and clinical experience with the
      precursor strategy, focusing primarily on work with L-tyrosine. All four
      precursors as possible antidepressants have been recently reviewed (Gelenberg,
      1982).

PMID- 6443585
TI  - [Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in zebu and Baoule cattle].

PMID- 6443586
TI  - [Age-group structure and complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in
      an apparently healthy population (1982-1983)].

PMID- 6443587
TI  - [External percutaneous biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 6443588
TI  - Prescription of antibacterial drugs for treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia in
      general practice in Denmark.
AB  - Phenoxymethyl penicillin is the drug of choice in the treatment of acute
      respiratory tract infection. The widespread use of a broadspectrum antibiotic
      indicates that practitioners use such a preparation in the absence of a proper
      microbiological diagnosis. A relatively high proportion of patients were treated
      with erythromycin. This may reflect the widespread misconception of allergy to
      penicillin among patients and doctors. Too many prescriptions for antibacterial
      drugs seem to be based on telephone contact.

PMID- 6443589
TI  - [Primary resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6443590
TI  - [Non-A, non-B Hepatitis. A progress report].
AB  - The present state of the art in non-A, non-B hepatitis is reviewed. Eight years
      of world-wide efforts in research have not yielded a definite characterization of
      agent(s) and markers of this viral infection. Diagnosis is therefore established
      mainly by exclusion of the hepatitis viruses A and B, Epstein-Barr virus and
      cytomegalovirus, and drug-induced liver disease. Currently available serological,
      electron microscopic, immune electron microscopic and clinical information on non
      A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzee and man is briefly reviewed. Some light
      microscopic features provisionally regarded as suggestive of non-A, non-B
      hepatitis in man are presented. In daily practice the diagnostic tools in the
      near future will largely depend upon progress in the elaboration of suitable
      serological test systems and on further confirmation of microscopic findings,
      unless an unexpected breakthrough occurs through identification and
      characterization of the virus(es) in non-A, non-B infection.

PMID- 6443591
TI  - [Long-term course of sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis: a biochemical, immunologic
      and histologic follow-up study].
AB  - 36 patients with acute sporadic non-A, non-B viral hepatitis were prospectively
      followed up. Study parameters included biochemical and immunological (hepatitis
      A/B) data, histology of the acute and chronic stage of the disease and
      immunohistology for hepatitis B markers. The mean follow-up period for the
      patients with complete remission was 8.5 months, and 30.5 months for the patients
      with progression to chronic liver disease. 13 (36%) patients developed
      histologically confirmed chronic hepatitis (6 CPH, 7 CAH). In the chronic stage
      of the disease, the transaminases showed a markedly fluctuating course in 8 of
      the 13 patients. Two of the 6 patients with CPH showed complete remission after
      25 and 58 months respectively; in the 4 others the disease remained unchanged. In
      the 7 patients with CAH no remission occurred, but in 2 patients complete
      cirrhotic transformation of the liver was demonstrated after 36 and 38 months
      respectively. Hence the prognosis of chronic sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis
      seems to be worse than the prognosis of chronic posttransfusion non-A, non-B
      hepatitis.

PMID- 6443592
TI  - Biochemical studies of the maturation of the small Sindbis virus glycoprotein E3.
AB  - A small glycoprotein (E3) was purified from the culture fluid of Sindbis virus
      infected primary chick embryo fibroblasts. Tryptic peptide mapping and pulse
      chase studies verified that this protein was produced as a by-product of the
      cleavage of the precursor protein PE2 to produce the envelope glycoprotein E2. A
      2600-fold purification was achieved via a procedure which used differential
      ethanol precipitation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and affinity
      chromatography on a lentil lectin column. Amino acid composition analysis, N
      terminal microsequencing, and labeling studies yielded information about the fine
      structure of E3 and its relationship to E2 and virion maturation. The N-terminal
      sequence of E3 is identical to that of PE2, including the result that 90% of the
      molecules appear to be blocked. The first 19 amino acids are uncharged and
      presumably serve as the signal sequence for the insertion of PE2 into the
      membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, but this sequence is unusual in that it is
      not immediately cleaved from PE2 and is glycosylated at the asparagine at
      position 14. The two residues at the C-terminus of E3, Lys-Arg, are removed
      during or shortly after cleavage from PE2. Labeling studies imply that, although
      the PE2----E2 + E3 cleavage is necessary for virion budding, these two events are
      not closely coupled. E3 is cleaved and released into the culture fluid under
      conditions where virions do not bud, and the kinetics of the appearance of E3 in
      the culture fluid and E2 in virions are quite dissimilar. The maturation of E3 is
      discussed as it relates to the processing of cellular membrane and secretory
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 6443593
TI  - Synthesis of interferon-inducible proteins is regulated differently by interferon
      alpha and interferon-gamma.
AB  - Both interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma induce the synthesis of several
      proteins in resting human fibroblasts. Synthesis of two such proteins of Mr
      67,000 and 56,000 was transient in interferon-alpha-treated cells, peaking around
      6 hr after the beginning of interferon treatment and then declining to very low
      levels even if interferon-alpha was present continuously in the culture medium.
      In contrast, in cells treated with interferon-gamma, their synthesis continued
      unabated even 22 hr after interferon treatment began. Constant presence of
      interferon-gamma in the culture medium was, however, necessary for the continued
      synthesis of these proteins. The kinetics of their synthesis in cells treated
      with both interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma were similar to those in cells
      treated with interferon-gamma alone. Cells treated with interferon-alpha for 6 hr
      or with interferon-gamma for 24 hr contained in vitro-translatable mRNAs for
      these proteins, whereas such mRNAs were below detectable levels in untreated
      cells. Surprisingly, cells which had been treated with interferon-alpha for 24
      hr, and which were synthesizing little of these two induced proteins in vivo,
      contained substantial amounts of mRNAs for these proteins, as demonstrated by in
      vitro translation experiments. It appears, therefore, that synthesis of some
      interferon-inducible proteins is regulated both transcriptionally and
      translationally, and the nature of such regulations is different for different
      types of interferons.

PMID- 6443594
TI  - Structure, function, and regulation of amidophosphoribosyltransferase from
      prokaryotes.
AB  - Recent studies on the structure, function and regulation of
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase from E. coli and B. subtilis are reviewed and
      these properties compared with those of the enzyme from eukaryotes. The
      availability of large amounts of stable enzyme from the two microbial sources has
      facilitated the recent studies. The enzyme subunits from E. coli and B. subtilis
      are of similar size, 56, 395 and approximately 50,000, respectively. Catalytic
      properties and patterns for allosteric inhibition are similar but not identical.
      There are two major differences between these enzymes. In contrast to the enzyme
      from E. coli, B. subtilis amidophosphoribosyltransferase contains an essential Fe
      S center. In addition, the enzyme from B. subtilis but not E. coli is inactivated
      in stationary phase by an oxygen-dependent mechanism which appears to have
      regulatory significance. As a consequence of the Fe-S center B. subtilis
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase is oxygen-sensitive in vitro.
      Amidophosphoribosyltransferase from mammalian sources is similar to the B.
      subtilis enzyme in its oxygen-sensitivity which may result from an Fe-S center.
      The amino acid sequence of E. coli amidophosphoribosyltransferase was deduced
      from the DNA sequence of the purF structural gene. The primary translation
      product contains 504 amino acid residues. Met-1 is removed by processing leaving
      an NH2-terminal cysteine residue. The NH2-terminal cysteine was specifically
      alkylated by the glutamine affinity analog 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine and is thus
      identified as the cysteine residue involved in formation of the glutaminyl-enzyme
      covalent intermediate. The mechanism for glutamine utilization appears identical
      to other glutamine amido-transferases. Sequence homology was not detected in the
      glutamine amide transfer domains of E. coli anthranilate synthase and
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase.

PMID- 6443595
TI  - Salvage capacity of hepatoma 3924A and action of dipyridamole.
AB  - The role and behavior of the salvage enzymes in the biosynthesis of purines
      (adenine and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferases) and pyrimidines
      (uridine-cytidine, deoxycytidine and thymidine kinases) were elucidated. In liver
      purine metabolism the transferase activities were orders of magnitude higher than
      the activities of the enzymes of de novo biosynthesis. In both purine and
      pyrimidine biosynthesis the activities of the enzymes of the de novo pathways
      were low (23 pmol to 70 nmol/hr/mg protein), whereas those of salvage synthetic
      pathways ranged from 0.8 to 1,470 nmol/hr/mg protein. In purine metabolism the
      salvage enzymes had markedly higher affinity to the shared substrate PRPP (4 to
      40 microM) than the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo synthesis,
      amidophosphoribosyltransferase (900 microM). In rapidly growing hepatoma 3924A
      the activities of the enzymes of de novo purine biosynthesis increased, whereas
      those of the salvage pathway changed little. However, the activities of the
      enzymes of the salvage pathways remained much higher than those of the enzymes of
      de novo purine production. In pyrimidine production in the hepatomas the
      activities of both de novo and salvage enzymes markedly increased. However, the
      activities of the salvage enzymes far outstripped those of the enzymes of the de
      novo pathways. To inhibit the operation of the salvage pathways, the action of
      the transport inhibitor, dipyridamole, was examined. In tissue culture,
      dipyridamole inhibited the transport of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides with an
      IC50 of 10(-6) or 10(-7) M. As measured by colony-forming assay, dipyridamole
      killed hepatoma cells with an IC50 of 20 microM. Dipyridamole markedly depressed
      the pools of ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP; in combination chemotherapy with acivicin, an
      anti-glutamine agent, synergistic action was observed on the pools of nucleotides
      in hepatoma 3924A in vivo. These investigations emphasize the importance of the
      capacity to utilize precursors by the salvage enzymes and may explain, in part at
      least, the failure of inhibitors of the de novo pathways to yield lasting
      chemotherapeutic results. Combination chemotherapy of inhibitors of the de novo
      pathways with an inhibitor of the salvage pathways (dipyridamole) should impact
      on our understanding of the contribution of salvage pathways and provide a
      rational basis for successful combination chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases.

PMID- 6443596
TI  - Reducing the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. A comparison
      of alfentanil with fentanyl.
AB  - The effects of alfentanil and fentanyl on controlling the haemodynamic responses
      to laryngoscopy and intubation have been compared. Five groups of ten patients
      were studied. Induction was with thiopentone 4 mg/kg. Thirty seconds later group
      1 received 1 ml/20 kg saline, group 2 received 15 micrograms/kg alfentanil, group
      3 received 30 micrograms/kg alfentanil and group 4 received 5 micrograms/kg
      fentanyl one minute before induction. Suxamethonium was given 60 seconds after
      induction and intubation of the trachea was performed 150 seconds after the start
      of induction. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded every minute
      throughout and compared with pre-induction control values. Control patients
      (group 1) showed significant increases associated with tracheal intubation in all
      haemodynamic variables. No increases were noted in groups receiving 30
      micrograms/kg alfentanil or 5 micrograms/kg fentanyl. The heart rate, but not
      blood pressure, increased with intubation after 15 micrograms/kg alfentanil. The
      mean time to movement in 50% of the control patients was 7 minutes. In those
      given 15 and 30 micrograms/kg alfentanil it was 11 and 12 minutes respectively.
      In those given 5 micrograms/kg fentanyl it was greater than 15 minutes.
      Alfentanil is shown to reduce the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and
      intubation and the effect appears to have a shorter duration than that of
      fentanyl.

PMID- 6443597
TI  - A method for producing normocarbia during general anaesthesia for caesarean
      section.
AB  - Twenty-six patients were anaesthetised for Caesarean section using the Bain
      anaesthetic system for intermittent positive pressure ventilation. There was an
      inverse relationship between maximum end tidal carbon dioxide tension and the
      fresh gas flow (FGF) to the system. A significant difference existed between the
      patients receiving 80 ml/kg/min FGF and those receiving 120 ml/kg/min. Estimated
      carbon dioxide levels in the pregnant term patient were higher at each FGF rate
      than the levels reported in non-pregnant patients by other workers. In order to
      maintain maternal arterial carbon dioxide tension at or close to the normally
      quoted term value of 4.1-4.4 kPa, when using positive pressure ventilation with a
      Bain system, a fresh gas flow rate of at least 120 ml/kg body weight/minute is
      required.

PMID- 6443598
TI  - Explosion of carbon dioxide cylinder.

PMID- 6443599
TI  - Accumulation of alfentanil.

PMID- 6443600
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of acute pancreatitis].
AB  - The authors refer their experience in the treatment of the acute pancreatitis by
      total parenteral nutrition. The study has been carried on twelve patients
      selected on the basis of prognostic factors of gravity by Ranson. The total
      parenteral nutrition proved to be useful as a therapy of support, causing the
      functional rest of the gland and assuring to the patient a caloric and proteic
      contribution strict necessary to overcome the serious hypercatabolic state which
      is determined.

PMID- 6443601
TI  - Non oddity solution of an oddity problem in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

PMID- 6443602
TI  - [Lyophilized amino acids versus solutions of crystallized amino acids in total
      parenteral nutrition].
AB  - The authors considered the possibility, for purposes of total parenteral
      nutrition, to use lyophilized amino-acids as an alternative to the traditional
      amino-acid solutions, and resolved to check their nutritional and metabolic
      effectiveness. For this purpose, they appraised some parameters concerning the
      proteic metabolism in two homogeneous groups of surgical patients, subjected to
      T.P.N., one with crystallized amino-acids in solution and the other with
      lyophilized amino-acids. The supply in glucides and in lipides was identic in
      both groups. It appears evident from the results that the lyophilized amino-acids
      not only show the advantage of being administrable in nutritional mixtures with
      reduced volume, but also represent a valid plastic source, and can surely replace
      the traditional commercial amino-acid solutions.

PMID- 6443603
TI  - [Clinical considerations on diverticula of the duodenum].
AB  - The authors, in the light of the data supplied by the literature, and through a
      careful analysis of their recent casuistry, based upon the observation of 48
      cases of duodenal diverticula, propose a modern reviewing of the topic. After
      illustrating the etiopathogenetic, anatomo-pathological and clinical features of
      such disease, the Authors dwell upon the diagnostic and therapeutical problems
      involved, and point out the importance of a correct diagnostic iter and a
      consequent exact surgical indication. As a conclusion, they affirm the surgical
      treatment of duodenal diverticula, not exempt from risks, should be only reserved
      to cases rebellious to the medical treatment or severely complicate.

PMID- 6443604
TI  - [Nevoxanthoendothelioma of the iris with glaucoma without skin lesions].

PMID- 6443605
TI  - Urinary leucocytes in bladder schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6443606
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport and energy transduction by 2
      methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in vitro.

PMID- 6443607
TI  - Effects of diuretic drugs on prostaglandin synthetase.

PMID- 6443608
TI  - Incidence of resistance to primary and secondary antituberculosis drugs in
      isolates of M. tuberculosis from cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6443609
TI  - Biochemical (postlabelling) methods for analysis of carcinogen-DNA adducts.
AB  - Radioactive carcinogens have provided most of our present knowledge about the
      interactions between carcinogens and components of biological systems. The
      requirement of radioactive carcinogens restricts carcinogen-DNA binding studies
      to chemicals that are readily available in isotopically labelled form, i.e., a
      minute fraction of all potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic chemicals. To extend
      the scope of carcinogen-DNA binding studies, an alternative method, which does
      not require radioactive test chemicals, has been developed. In this approach,
      radioactivity (32P) is incorporated into DNA constituents by polynucleotide
      kinase-catalysed (32P)-phosphate transfer from (gamma-32P)ATP after exposure of
      the DNA, in vitro or in vivo, to a nonradioactive, covalently binding chemical;
      alteration of DNA nucleotides is shown by the appearance of extra spots on
      autoradiograms from thin-layer chromatograms of digests of the chemically
      modified DNA. Adduct levels are quantitated by scintillation counting. The
      sensitivity of the technique depends, to some extent, on the chemical structure
      of the adducts, in that greater sensitivity is achieved if adducts can be
      separated, as a class, from the normal nucleotides. An estimated 80% of all
      carcinogens can be separated in this way, giving rise to bulky and/or aromatic
      substituents in DNA. Under present conditions, one such adduct in 10(9)-10(10)
      normal nucleotides can be detected. A total of 41 compounds has been studied, so
      far. Binding to DNA of rodent liver and skin was readily detected by the 32P
      postlabelling assay for all known carcinogens among these compounds, and adducts
      were detected in DNA from tissues of smokers.

PMID- 6443610
TI  - Biological monitoring of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in
      capacitor accidents.
AB  - For biological monitoring of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
      compounds, a gas-chromatographic method for analysis of PCBs in serum was
      developed. The quantitation is performed with 15 pure isomers, and extraction and
      concentration factors are corrected with the aid of asymmetric PCB compounds
      added to each specimen. By this method, humans with no known occupational
      exposure to PCB compounds showed PCB levels in serum that were always less than 3
      micrograms/l. Workers exposed in capacitor accidents have shown maximal
      concentrations close to 50 micrograms/l.

PMID- 6443611
TI  - Toxic effects of aflatoxins on eyes--an experimental clinico-histopathological
      evaluation.

PMID- 6443612
TI  - Experimental alteration of fetal growth in animals.
AB  - I have reviewed some of the experimental data related to nutritional and vascular
      experiments designed to produce intrauterine growth retardation in animals. While
      considerable effect of maternal nutritional deprivation can be seen in lower
      mammals, these effects tend to diminish or completely disappear in the nonhuman
      primate and possibly in the human. This does not mean that there are not
      nutritional influences that can be measured in the offspring, but that there
      appears to be a larger reserve in the higher order species. It is likely that the
      final common pathway for acquired intrauterine growth retardation is related to a
      compromise in the vascular supply at the uterine, placental, or umbilical levels
      resulting in a net decrease in the transport of oxygen as well as nutrients.
      Certain aspects of each of these experimental animal preparations such as the
      timing of the brain growth spurt in relation to the insult; the number of fetuses
      in the litter; the relative variability in growth parameters; the capacity for
      recovery and the specific end points examined, will influence the interpretation
      of results and allow for cautious extrapolation to the human problem of altered
      fetal growth. With the improvement in experimental techniques and equipment there
      should be more information forthcoming on blood flow studies and nutrient
      transport in a variety of chronic animal preparations.

PMID- 6443613
TI  - Immunoglobulin gene organization of ultraviolet-illuminated human lymphoblastoid
      cell lines producing both IgM and IgG.
AB  - We have studied the immunoglobulin gene organization of ultraviolet light (u.v.)
      induced variant cells derived from an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell line.
      One variant produced IgG1 and two variants produced both IgM and IgG1 whereas the
      parental cell line produced IgM. Southern blot analyses of DNAs of these cells
      revealed a newly rearranged JH fragment in all the variants. The newly rearranged
      JH fragment also hybridized with the C gamma 1 sequence. The mu and gamma 1
      chains produced in the double isotype-producing variants share the same VH
      sequence. u.v. illumination also induced rearrangement of the C lambda gene in
      the IgG1-producing variant. The double isotype producers contained the
      immunoglobulin gene organization and mutation best explained by fusion of the
      IgG1 producer and the parental IgM producer.

PMID- 6443614
TI  - Eye findings in interstitial deletion of band q12 of chromosome 5.
AB  - An 18-month-old girl presented with the ocular findings of severe ptosis of the
      right upper lid, astigmatism and the Adduction Fixation Preference. She also had
      psychomotor retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. The karyotype revealed
      an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 at q 12. This is the
      first description of the ophthalmological findings in this chromosomal disorder.

PMID- 6443615
TI  - Peters'-plus: a new syndrome.
AB  - The authors present 11 patients with Peters' anomaly, short stature,
      brachymorphy, mental retardation, abnormal ears and cheilo(gnatho)palatoschisis.
      The condition can be relatively mild, but also even lethal in the fetal period.

PMID- 6443616
TI  - Vertical nystagmus in infants with congenital ocular abnormalities.
AB  - In a series of 131 patients with congenital nystagmus, nine patients initially
      presented with vertical nystagmus associated with congenital ocular
      abnormalities. Four patients initially presented with upbeating nystagmus. All
      four of these patients had Leber's amaurosis. The upbeating nystagmus became
      horizontally directed in three of the four patients prior to one year of age. The
      other patient is now eight years old and upbeating nystagmus persists. CT
      scanning reveals cerebellar vermis hypoplasia in this patient. Five patients with
      albinism in this series presented initially with seesaw nystagmus. In two cases
      this resolved to one year of age, but in the other three cases, it is still
      intermittently seen in children ranging in age from two and a half to five years
      old. Vertically directed nystagmus may be associated with some ocular
      abnormalities in infancy and is not always a sign of isolated neurologic
      disorders.

PMID- 6443617
TI  - GRASP vs. CASH vs. MCS.

PMID- 6443618
TI  - Endocrine changes and clinical profiles in depression: II. The thyrotropin
      releasing hormone test.
AB  - Thirty-one (43%) of 68 patients with primary depression were found to have a
      blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH). Increased thyroid activity, as measured by the free thyroxine
      index (FTI), was present in 16 (24%) of the patients. Patients with blunted
      responses had a higher mean FTI level than those with normal responses. Patients
      with blunted responses were significantly more likely to exhibit the symptoms of
      depersonalization, derealization and agitation. There was no clear association
      between blunting and any particular diagnostic category of depression. Patients
      with blunted responses and high FTI values were more likely to report significant
      long-term environmental difficulties than patients with blunted responses and
      normal FTI values. It is suggested that there may be more than one mechanism
      responsible for blunting of the TSH response in depressed patients. In some
      patients blunting may be due to negative feedback from increased output of
      thyroid hormones, possibly released as part of a stress response. In other
      patients blunting may be due to a different mechanism, possibly involving
      pituitary gland dysfunction. These mechanisms would not necessarily be mutually
      exclusive in any one patient.

PMID- 6443619
TI  - The search for antiallergic drugs for the treatment of asthma--problems in
      finding a successor to sodium cromoglycate.

PMID- 6443621
TI  - [The pH, PCO2 and PO2 of pleural fluid. Variations and diagnostic value].
AB  - The pH, the PCO2 and the PO2 of pleural liquid in 100 patients in the pneumology
      unit of the Sfax Hospital been measured. Variations according to etiology have
      been noticed: 44 tubercular pleurisies have presented an acid pH, a high PCO2 and
      a low PO2, without variation according of the evolution; 34 cancerous pleurisies
      were divided as follow: recent pleurisies with alcaline pH, normal PO2 and PCO2;
      neoplastic pleurisies with developed degree with acid pH, low PO2 and high PCO2;
      6 cases of cardiac pleurisies have presented a very high PO2; some other
      etiologies have been explored (bacterial, viral, cirrhotic, rheumatoid,
      pancreatic). Afterwards, we have tried to bring out some physio-pathological
      explanations. At the end of this study, the gazometry of pleural liquid, of easy
      execution and rapid result, seems to be a useful complementary biological test.

PMID- 6443620
TI  - [The multiple valences of lithium therapy].

PMID- 6443623
TI  - The costs and benefits of screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Wisconsin.

PMID- 6443622
TI  - Comparative effects of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the
      ultrastructural integrity and prostaglandin levels in the rat gastric mucosa:
      relationship to drug uptake.
AB  - Studies were performed in fasted rats to establish if the propensity of 4 non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs to elicit varying degrees of gastric
      mucosal damage following oral administration is related to their rate of
      absorption by the mucosal and subsequent inhibitory effects on prostaglandin (PG)
      production in vivo. Aspirin (200 mg/kg p.o.) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.)
      produced ultrastructural signs of damage at 10-60 min to the surface mucous
      cells, parietal cells and endothelial cells of sub-mucosal capillaries coincident
      with the relatively rapid absorption of the radiolabelled drugs and reduction in
      the mucosal content of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha determined by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. Azapropazone (100 mg/kg p.o.) failed to elicit
      mucosal damage either ultrastructurally or even visually up to 23 h after dosing
      and did not affect the content of PG's even though the drug was present in the
      mucosa in sufficient concentration to elicit reduction in prostaglandin synthesis
      in vitro. Benoxaprofen (110 mg/kg p.o.) reduced the content of PGE2 and somewhat
      variably, that of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, was more slowly absorbed c.f. aspirin and
      indomethacin, but failed to elicit appreciable mucosal damage. These results show
      that while reduction in PG synthesis is a factor in the development of damage by
      ulcerogenic drugs, it appears that the rate of absorption or other biochemical
      effects (including e.g. influences on the production of oxyradicals or 5
      lipoxygenase products of eicosanoid metabolism) may contribute to the relatively
      low irritancy of drugs such as azapropazone or benoxaprofen.

PMID- 6443624
TI  - Japanese adult siblings with Tangier disease and statistical analysis of reported
      cases.
AB  - A 28 year old Japanese female was admitted to our university hospital because of
      extremely low plasma cholesterol levels (50mg/dl). On physical examination,
      tonsillar remnants and several flat patches of yellow-orange lymphoid tissues in
      the pharynx were found. Her plasma HDL was as low as 2.4 mg/dl. Laparoscopic
      findings showed typical yellow patches on the surface of the liver, and liver
      biospy specimens contained cholesterol esters demonstrated by the Schultz
      reaction. Colonofiberscopy showed orange-brown spots present throughout the
      rectum. Histologically, "foam cells" were recognized in the lymphoid tissue of
      the pharynx and rectal mucosa. Her sister, 26 years old, also revealed yellow
      orange tonsils, low plasma cholesterol levels (39mg/dl) and low plasma HDL levels
      (8mg/dl), and was also diagnosed as Tangier disease. From a statistical analysis
      of the reported cases, it is noteworthy that yellow-orange tonsils, which were
      said to be the hallmark of Tangier disease, were not found in 20% of the
      patients. However, it is important that we could find rectal mucosa studded with
      orange-brown spots in all of the cases examined, and it contained "foam cells"
      histologically. It was concluded that when we suspect Tangier disease on account
      of hypocholesterolemia, we must first do a proctoscopic examination.

PMID- 6443625
TI  - Changes in urinary homocysteine following synthetic steroidal estrogen and
      progestogen administration to rats.
AB  - The present work involved the administration of both ethynyl estradiol and
      levonorgestrel to groups of rats, followed by determination of the homocysteine
      excretion rate in urine. The results indicate that a statistically significant
      difference exists between the excreted levels of homocysteine in the urine of
      both control and levonorgestrel-treated rats and the levels shown by rats treated
      with ethynyl estradiol. The implications of these results are discussed,
      especially with respect to observations which indicate that homocysteine may be a
      precipitating factor in the development of thrombosis. Also included in this
      paper is a study which confirms the identity of the HPLC peak as being
      homocysteine by forming a radioactive derivative of this particular sulphydryl
      containing amino acid, and then analysing the resulting mixture by TLC.

PMID- 6443626
TI  - Kinetic parameters of galactosyltransferase from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
      colostrum and milk.

PMID- 6443627
TI  - Determination of glycosaminoglycans composition in the urine of children in
      reference to the clinical picture of mucopolysaccharidoses.

PMID- 6443628
TI  - [A case of chagas infection caused by an atypical strain of Trypanosoma cruzi in
      a newborn infant].

PMID- 6443629
TI  - Chagas' disease in the Amazon basin: V. Periurban palms as habitats of Rhodnius
      robustus and Rhodnius pictipes--triatomine vectors of Chagas' disease.
AB  - Trypanosoma cruzi infected Rhodnius robustus and/or Rhodnius pictipes were
      commonly found, in large numbers, in the Brazilian Amazonian palms Maximiliana
      regia ("inaja"), Acrocomia sclerocarpa ("mucaja") and Orbignya speciosa
      ("babacu"). The common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis, was the animal most
      frequently associated with triatomine infested palms. R. pictipes, frequently
      light-attracted into houses from palm trees, was the probable source of an acute
      case of Chagas' disease in the vicinity of Belem. It is considered that
      triatomine infested palms are likely to cause some cases of acute Chagas' disease
      in the States of Amazonas and Rondonia. Possible control methods are suggested.

PMID- 6443630
TI  - EVI antibodies in patients with Chagas' disease: relationship with anti
      Trypanosoma cruzi immunoglobulins and effects of specific treatment.
AB  - Antibodies against heart vascular structures and striated muscle cells
      interstitium (EVI antibodies) persist in Chagas' disease patients who had been
      cured by specific treatment as demonstrated by negative xenodiagnosis,
      conventional serology (CS) and complement mediated lysis (CoML). On the other
      hand, EVI antibodies are either present or absent in treated patients presenting
      positive CS but negative CoML. Since CoML detects antibodies associated to
      resistance, EVI antibodies are not likely to participate in the control of T.
      cruzi infections although they might be induced by cross-reacting antigens of
      heart cells and the parasite. They are neither necessarily related to antibodies
      responsible for CS. Absorption with T. cruzi and heart tissue confirms the
      suggestion that EVI antibodies are induced by a number of antigenic determinants,
      most from heart structures with a minor participation of T. cruzi antigens.

PMID- 6443631
TI  - Surface electrical charge of bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi
      strains.
AB  - Bloodstream trypomastigotes of some Trypanosoma cruzi strains were processed
      through DEAE-cellulose columns under standardized conditions. The results
      obtained suggest mainly that these strains present different surface charges,
      that there are subpopulations of bloodstream trypomastigotes as regards
      electrical charges and that the broad forms are less negative than the slender
      ones.

PMID- 6443632
TI  - Reversal of the promotional effect of high-fat diet on mammary tumorigenesis by
      subsequent lowering of dietary fat.
AB  - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene at 50 days
      of age to induce mammary tumors, and beginning one week later were fed a high
      fat, semipurified diet containing 20% sunflowerseed oil to promote tumor
      development. After another 7 weeks, when one third of the rats had palpable
      mammary tumors, the rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 31 animals
      each, with the same number of tumor-bearers in each group. One group was
      continued on the high-fat diet, another was given a fat-free diet, and the three
      remaining groups were fed diets containing 10% lard, butter, or coconut oil,
      respectively. During the next 29 weeks, rats fed the diets containing 0% or 10%
      fat developed significantly fewer tumors than those continued on the 20% fat
      diet. The diets containing 10% fat suppressed tumorigenesis at least as
      effectively as the fat-free diet. Rats fed the 10% butter and 10% lard diets had
      growth rates comparable to those fed the 20% sunflowerseed-oil diet throughout,
      and evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency was seen only in rats on the fat
      free diet. These results provide additional evidence that high-fat diets promote
      development of mammary cancer and suggest that reducing the level of dietary fat
      might help to prevent the development and recurrence of breast cancer in humans.

PMID- 6443633
TI  - Chemopreventive effects of beta-carotene and 13-cis-retinoic acid on salivary
      gland tumors.
AB  - The chemopreventive effects of beta-carotene and 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA) on
      chemically induced salivary gland tumors were studied in rats. Young male Sprague
      Dawley rats were injected in one of the submandibular salivary glands with 1 mg
      of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) dissolved in olive oil. The contralateral gland
      was injected with the vehicle alone. Rats were divided into four groups and were
      fed ad libitum a semisynthetic diet supplemented with 0 or 100 mg beta
      carotene/kg diet, or 20 or 100 mg RA/kg diet. Rats were killed at 22 weeks after
      the DMBA treatment, and tumors were examined histologically. Tumors were
      generally found to be squamous cell carcinomas or poorly differentiated neoplasms
      resembling squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor incidence was slightly lower in
      rats fed the diet supplemented with beta-carotene. RA had no appreciable effect
      on tumor incidence. A high activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was
      histochemically demonstrated in the tumors. There were some mortalities in the
      beta-carotene and RA supplemented groups, especially in the group fed high levels
      of RA. This mortality appeared to be related to vitamin K becoming somewhat
      limited.

PMID- 6443634
TI  - Retardation of experimental oral cancer by topical vitamin E.
AB  - Forty-eight young male and female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were
      divided into four groups of 12 animals each. The left buccal pouches of Group 1
      and 2 animals were painted 3 times weekly with a 0.5% solution of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in heavy mineral oil for 7 weeks. At the end of
      this period, the left buccal pouches of Group 2 animals were painted 3 times
      weekly with vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol, in pure form) for an additional 4
      weeks. Group 3 animals were painted with vitamin E only, for 4 weeks. Group 4
      animals were untreated controls. Group 2 animals demonstrated a significant delay
      in tumor formation in comparison with Group 1 animals. Gross observation revealed
      fewer and smaller tumors in the Group 2 animals; microscopic examination revealed
      smaller tumors with better cellular differentiation and less invasion. No tumors
      were observed in Group 3 and Group 4 animals. These observations were similar to
      those made in previous studies of oral carcinogenesis using systemic vitamin E to
      delay tumor formation.

PMID- 6443635
TI  - Influence of diet on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - The metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was investigated in isolated
      perfused livers excised from Sprague-Dawley rats fed four semisynthetic diets
      over two generations. The diets were varied within normal physiological limits,
      without producing specific deficiencies. Diet was shown to have an influence on
      the growth of animals and on the cholesterol content and beta-glucuronidase
      activity in the blood serum. However, diet did not influence the rate of
      metabolism of DMH or the concentration of metabolites.

PMID- 6443636
TI  - Dietary fat and mammary carcinogenesis.
AB  - Evidence that dietary fat has an influence on carcinogenesis comes from both
      epidemiological data and experiments with animals. The experimental studies have
      indicated that dietary fat acts primarily as a promoter of carcinogenesis and
      that the effect depends on the type as well as the amount of fat in the diet.
      Vegetable oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linoleic acid family
      (n-6) have been shown to enhance mammary tumorigenesis, but a fish oil containing
      polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linolenic acid family (n-3) had an inhibitory
      effect at higher levels of intake. These and other findings suggest that the
      effect may be related to prostaglandins or other biologically active products of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids. Epidemiological data show a positive correlation
      between dietary fat and mortality from cancer at various sites, and this is
      supported by results of animal experiments in the case of colon cancer and
      pancreatic cancer as well as breast cancer. In the epidemiological data, cancer
      mortality shows strong positive correlations with total dietary fat and with
      animal fat, but not with fat derived from plants. Fats and oils used as spreads,
      cooking fats, and salad oils are the main source of fat in the American diet.
      Other major sources are meats and dairy products. Fat intake could probably be
      reduced substantially without serious deleterious effects, and this might help to
      decrease the risk of developing certain types of cancer.

PMID- 6443637
TI  - [Diverticulum of the female urethra as a cause of acute retention of the urine.
      Observation of a case].

PMID- 6443638
TI  - [A rare cause of soft tissue ossification: extraosseous osteosarcoma.
      Presentation of a case].

PMID- 6443639
TI  - [Study of bacterial motility and rate of movement using a closed circuit
      television].
AB  - Speed and motion patterns of Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni, Escherichia coli
      and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recorded using a closed circuit television camera
      attached to a phase contrast microscope. A Sony video analysis system was used to
      stop frame videotape at 1/7th and 1/15th. Bacterial speeds were: Campylobacter
      29.2 micron/s, E. coli 8.9 micron/s and P. aeruginosa 16.8 micron/s.

PMID- 6443640
TI  - Structural changes in phosphorylase b as revealed by proteolysis with subtilisin
      BPN'.
AB  - The proteolysis of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b was studied with
      Sepharose 4B bound subtilisin BPN' in the absence and presence of various
      ligands. The proteolysis was carried out at pH 7.0 and pH 8.5 and was followed by
      measuring phosphorylase b activity and by SDS gel electrophoresis. The effect of
      ligands proved to be qualitatively the same at both pH values. It was found that
      AMP and alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate accelerated the inactivation of phosphorylase
      b by subtilisin, two main proteolytic products (Mr 70 000 and 30 000) were formed
      in the presence of these ligands. IMP and glycogen protected phosphorylase b
      against proteolytic attack. Subtilisin treatment in the presence of D-glucose,
      caffeine and D-glucose-6-phosphate produced a reproducible increase (about 20%)
      of phosphorylase b activity. This "activation" resulted in an increased Vmax of
      phosphorylase b though did not alter the subunit size, the aggregation state and
      the ligand binding capacity of the enzyme.

PMID- 6443642
TI  - [Auxonogram of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a system of epidemiological studies].

PMID- 6443641
TI  - [Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF): environmental and toxicological aspects].

PMID- 6443643
TI  - [Isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from homosexual men].

PMID- 6443644
TI  - [Nutritional quality of soybean proteins and casein, thermally damaged, and
      determined in vivo by an enzymatic method].
AB  - In this study, the potential of the hepatic activity of the enzyme nucleoside
      phosphorylase (E. C. 2.4.2.1) as an indicator of dietary protein quality was
      tested in chickens. For this purpose, a thermal damage of increasing severity was
      induced on the proteins of casein and soy by heating them in an autoclave (121
      degrees C) for 10 to 40 minutes in the presence of glucose. These treatments
      resulted in variable losses of available lysine, measured chemically, and protein
      quality, measured by growth assays (PER and NPR) or assays based on nitrogen
      gained (NPU and nitrogen retained) with chickens. These measurements were then
      compared with the hepatic activity of the nucleoside phosphorylase measured in
      the same chicks. The data revealed that the NPU and nitrogen retained procedures
      were more sensitive than PER or NPR in detecting changes in the protein quality
      associated with a heat treatment. Moreover, NPU, nitrogen retained and the
      activity of nucleoside phosphorylase showed that a mild heat treatment of casein,
      improved the quality of this protein. More prolonged heat treatments, however,
      caused a reduction in the quality of soy or casein protein as determined by all
      the methods for measuring protein quality used here, including the enzymatic
      method. The high correlation coefficients found in this study between the
      enzymatic method and those based on nitrogen gain or growth, indicate that this
      method may have a potential as a predictor of the quality of dietary protein.

PMID- 6443645
TI  - Biochemical genetics of the bacterial insect-control agent Bacillus
      thuringiensis: basic principles and prospects for genetic engineering.

PMID- 6443646
TI  - Cytochemical investigation of leukocytic cationic proteins in patients with viral
      hepatitis conducted in the course of the disease.

PMID- 6443647
TI  - A cytochemical study of the nucleoproteins in the lymphocytes of patients with
      viral hepatitis in the course of the disease.

PMID- 6443648
TI  - Concerning the cytochemistry of the lymphocytes in patients with infectious
      mononucleosis.

PMID- 6443649
TI  - Cytomorphological and cytochemical studies of the reactive cells in the
      peritoneal cavity after experimental inflammation and exposure to a constant
      magnetic field (CMF).

PMID- 6443650
TI  - Changes in the isotope renogram of patients with ichthyosis.

PMID- 6443651
TI  - On some problems connected with the registering of rheoencephalograms and their
      first derivatives.

PMID- 6443652
TI  - Thrombocytic functions and hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 6443653
TI  - A functional-anatomical analysis of the long jump in the phases of the run-up and
      take-off.

PMID- 6443654
TI  - Mechanical-strengthening properties of different types of bridge prosthesis from
      chrome-nickel steel.

PMID- 6443655
TI  - Psychotherapy in Bulgaria.

PMID- 6443656
TI  - Somatosensory potentials evoked by muscle stretch recorded suboccipitally and
      over the cerebellum.

PMID- 6443657
TI  - A study of the plasma proteins and HLA in patients with multiple sclerosis and
      their immediate kindred.

PMID- 6443658
TI  - The effect and side-effects of treatment with antelepsin.

PMID- 6443659
TI  - Myotendinosis of the upper limbs caused by strain--EMG criteria for diagnosis.

PMID- 6443660
TI  - Stability of the circadian rhythm in depressed and healthy persons.

PMID- 6443661
TI  - Recent trends in the development of neuroscience.

PMID- 6443662
TI  - Extractional-spectrophotometric determination of microquantities of the
      antidepressant imipramine with picric acid.

PMID- 6443663
TI  - Towards a cytochemical diagnosis of chronic myelosis.

PMID- 6443664
TI  - Causes of death in patients with blast leukosis.

PMID- 6443665
TI  - Narrow lumbar spinal canal caused by vertebral apophysomegaly.

PMID- 6443666
TI  - Growth hormone values after an insulin tolerance test in children with
      constitutional delay of growth and adolescence.

PMID- 6443667
TI  - Sinusitis and glomerulopathia in childhood.

PMID- 6443668
TI  - A medico-biological evaluation of new protein products.

PMID- 6443669
TI  - The effect of acute metabolic acidosis upon the activity of certain enzymes in
      the liver and kidneys of rats.

PMID- 6443670
TI  - A cytochemical study of nucleoproteins in the lymphocytes of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6443671
TI  - On some deviations of the lipoid reactions in secondary syphilis.

PMID- 6443672
TI  - A study of the acid-base, blood-gaseous and cerebrospinal fluid profile in cats.

PMID- 6443673
TI  - A score of criteria for the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in new-born
      infants.

PMID- 6443674
TI  - Prognostic EEG criteria in newborn infants with perinatal brain damage.

PMID- 6443675
TI  - Late results after sinusotrabeculectomy.

PMID- 6443676
TI  - On iron metabolism in patients with diabetes.

PMID- 6443677
TI  - A study of total airway resistance in some non-specific pulmonary diseases.

PMID- 6443678
TI  - A study of a colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of
      glycosylated hemoglobin in humans.

PMID- 6443679
TI  - Stomach ulcer in young people.

PMID- 6443680
TI  - [Congenital urethral obstructions in male children].

PMID- 6443681
TI  - Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - In this paper the indications for inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa are
      reviewed. Although all programs aim at weight gain and normalization of eating
      habits, the means for achieving these goals vary widely from nursing
      encouragement, operant conditioning or, rarely, hyperalimentation. Most programs
      now utilize an integrated treatment program that includes a weight restoration
      program, individual psychotherapy and family involvement. Nutritional
      considerations during inpatient treatment are also reviewed. The signs and
      symptoms that commonly occur during weight restoration are outlined. The major
      psychodynamic conflicts that occur are described and psychotherapeutic methods
      for treating each are presented.

PMID- 6443682
TI  - Hormonal and biochemical abnormalities in women suffering from eating disorders.
AB  - This study reports the results of a biochemical investigation of 80 eating
      disorder patients and results of an endocrinological investigation of 20
      subjects. Of the 80 subjects studied, 22 suffered from anorexia nervosa and 51
      were diagnosed as having bulimia. These patient's results were compared to those
      of 30 control subjects. The eating disorder patients had significantly higher
      levels of total CO2 calcium, alanine aminotransferase and cholesterol, and
      significantly lower levels of potassium, chloride and phosphate in the plasma.
      Hypokalaemia was strongly associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative
      abuse. Hypercholesterolaemia occurred most commonly in anorexia nervosa patients.
      Preliminary endocrinological results suggest decreased gonadotrophin levels are
      associated with binge eating and self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse, as
      well as with low weight. We feel eating disorder patients should be interviewed
      and examined by a physician with an interest in this area. Appropriate
      investigations should be ordered. The physician should also undertake counseling
      about the short- and long-term sequelae of disordered eating.

PMID- 6443683
TI  - [Stimulation of cell division by Ehrlich carcinoma cell surface antibodies].
AB  - Some Ehrlich ascites cancer cells of the mouse show nuclear division as a
      response to cell surface signals. Antibodies to plasma membrane produce a
      membrane molecular redistribution, but only 25 per 100 proceed to nuclear
      division. This division is not associated to DNA synthesis, showing that the
      effect is produced in G0 phase cells originated from G2 phase cells.

PMID- 6443684
TI  - [Endocrine function following cranial radiotherapy of neoplasms in children].
AB  - The effect of radiotherapy upon the diencephalo-hypophyseal axis was studied in
      14 children that had received cranial radio-therapy (2,400 to 6,000 R) to treat
      different intracranial tumors. Several hormones were evaluated between 2 months
      and 3 years after radiotherapy was performed. 35.7 per 100 of the patients were
      deficient in growth hormone, 37.5 per 100 showed an alteration of prolactin
      secretion, and 28 per 100 an abnormal response to thyroid-stimulating hormone.

PMID- 6443685
TI  - Roles of Ca ions and ooplasmic factors in the resumption of metaphase-arrested
      meiosis in Rana pipiens oocytes.
AB  - Fully grown amphibian oocytes are arrested at the diplotene stage of meiosis.
      When they undergo meiotic maturation, meiosis resumes and the oocyte chromosomes
      condense to metaphase. During this period, the oocyte cytoplasm develops
      'chromosome condensation activity' (CCA), the ability to induce the formation of
      metaphase chromosomes from nuclei transplanted into the oocytes. The cytoplasm
      also produces 'maturation promoting factor' (MPF), the substance that induces
      meiotic maturation when injected into oocytes. Also, before meiosis is arrested
      again at the 2nd metaphase, the cytoplasm develops 'cytostatic factor' (CSF), the
      substance that causes metaphase arrest when injected into zygotes. Since CSF
      arrested zygotes have properties similar to those of metaphase-arrested oocytes,
      including the potential to resume cell cycle activities, CSF appears to be a
      genuine factor that causes meiotic arrest. Following oocyte activation, meiosis
      is completed and the chromosomes decondense to form a pronucleus. During this
      period, the oocyte cytoplasm loses its CCA and develops 'chromosome
      decondensation activity' (CDA), the ability to decondense the chromatin of
      injected nuclei. Concomitantly, MPF and CSF disappear. Both MPF and CSF are
      inactivated by Ca2+ ions, in vitro. The sensitivity of CCA to Ca2+ and the
      requirement for Ca2+ during the development of CDA have also been demonstrated in
      vitro by incubating demembranated sperm nuclei in cell-free preparations from
      unactivated or activated oocytes. Preparations made from unactivated oocytes in
      the presence of EGTA exhibit CCA, whereas those made in the absence of EGTA, as
      well as those made from activated eggs, exhibit CDA. Unactivated ooplasmic
      preparations made using EGTA lose CCA and develop CDA when Ca2+ ions are added to
      them. However, at low Ca2+ concentrations CCA is sustained and, when unactivated
      and activated preparations are mixed, is able to overcome CDA. Therefore, it is
      likely that at low intracellular Ca2+ levels in unactivated oocytes, CSF is
      stable and CCA predominates over CDA, thus preventing oocyte chromosomes from
      decondensing. However, when Ca2+ levels are elevated during oocyte activation,
      CSF disappears and CCA is replaced by CDA. This change in cytoplasmic activities
      may allow meiosis to resume.

PMID- 6443686
TI  - Real time sonography in suspected abdominal disease and in the elderly
      asymptomatic patient. Does it reduce costs and exposure to radiation?

PMID- 6443687
TI  - Ultrasonography in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6443688
TI  - Antidysentery immunoprophylaxis in the light of current data about the
      pathogenicity of Shigella and the antidysentery immunity.

PMID- 6443689
TI  - Development and administration of live Shigella vaccines.

PMID- 6443690
TI  - Ocular herpes simplex virus infections.

PMID- 6443691
TI  - [Conventional rectoscopy or fibrosigmoidoscopy. Comparison of methods].

PMID- 6443692
TI  - [Models of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (I)].

PMID- 6443693
TI  - [Granulomatous hepatitis caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Report of a case
      with histological confirmation].

PMID- 6443694
TI  - [Alcoholic hepatopathy in our milieu. Relevant considerations on epidemiologic,
      clinico-pathological aspects and plans for future decision making].

PMID- 6443695
TI  - [The flat-face image: an echosonographic sign of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 6443696
TI  - [Normality patterns according to dimensional analysis of the pancreas, portal
      system and common bile duct by ultrasonics].

PMID- 6443697
TI  - Pineal gland morphology in rats with experimentally induced protein-calorie
      malnutrition.
AB  - The morphology of the pineal gland was studied in protein-calorie-malnourished
      (PCM) rats. Twenty-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a 14:10
      photoperiod and fed either an 8% low protein diet (LPD) or a standard laboratory
      diet (SLD) containing 27% protein for 30 d. At 50 d of age, rats from both animal
      groups were sacrificed at 0900 h and at 2400 h, and the pineal glands were
      immersion-fixed for either light or electron microscopic analysis. The cytoplasm
      and nuclei of the pinealocytes from the SLD-fed rats were consistently larger
      than those of the animals maintained on the LPD. Additionally, the lipid droplets
      were larger and more prominent in the controls at both 0900 h and 2400 h. Even
      though the size of these inclusions did not vary among animals given the same
      diet as a function of the time of sacrifice, they were more numerous in both the
      well-fed and malnourished rats during the dark phase of the photoperiod. In
      contrast neither diet nor sampling time affected the size or number of
      pinealocyte mitochondria. These morphological observations lend further support
      to the premise than PCM impairs the cellular activity of the pinealocytes.

PMID- 6443698
TI  - The effect of pinealectomy on plasma levels of gonadotrophins and growth hormone
      in the pigeon (Columba livia).

PMID- 6443699
TI  - Properties of human interleukin-2 receptors expressed on non-lymphoid cells by
      cDNA transfection.
AB  - We have established non-lymphoid cell lines HeLa, Ltk and NIH3T3 expressing the
      human interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor by transfection of human IL-2 receptor
      complementary DNA. While IL-2 receptors on T cells are classified into the high
      and low affinity species, the receptors expressed on the cDNA-transfected non
      lymphoid cells belong to the low affinity species. These IL-2 receptors could not
      transmit the growth signal although they were similar in size to those expressed
      on T cells. Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of the IL-2 receptors on HeLa
      cells did not affect the affinity of the receptor. We have also constructed a
      cDNA encoding a mutant IL-2 receptor that replaced the major phosphorylation
      site, the serine residue at position 247 with the glycine residue. This mutant IL
      2 receptor expressed on non-lymphoid cells also had the low affinity for IL-2.
      The results indicate that the high and low affinity states of the IL-2 receptor
      are not solely determined by phosphorylation of the receptor. The IL-2 receptors
      expressed on these non-lymphoid cells were internalized four to eight times more
      slowly than those on T cells. Possible defects of the IL-2 receptors expressed on
      non-lymphoid cells are discussed.

PMID- 6443700
TI  - Burns.

PMID- 6443701
TI  - [Popular education--a fragile point in the campaign against Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6443702
TI  - [Risk of biliary surgery in patients over 70].

PMID- 6443703
TI  - [Odontological problems in patients with hemophilia].

PMID- 6443704
TI  - [HLA typing and insulin antibody production in insulin-dependent diabetics].
AB  - The literature of the past ten years shows that the introduction of highly
      purified heterologous and, lastly, homologous insulins has notably lowered the
      production of IgG and IgE specific insulin antibodies, but has not succeeded in
      completely eliminating clinical manifestations of the immune or hyper-immune
      response to insulin therapy. In particular, insulin allergy with or without
      lipodystrophy is still seen. Among the factors of insulin immunogenicity, there
      is a possible genetic control of the immune response in type I diabetes:
      determining HLA halloantigens (A, B, C, D) might identify specific immune
      response genes (Ir genes). Initial researches, performed until now almost
      exclusively upon diabetics treated with conventional heterologous insulin, seem
      to indicate a positive relationship between haplotype HLA - B15 - DR4 and an
      elevated immune response, whereas haplotypes HLA - B8 - DR3 and HLA - B18 - DR3
      might protect against the formation of anti-insulin antibodies. Antigens D/DR3
      and D/DR4 are known to be primitively associated to susceptibility for type I
      diabetes, whereas antigens B8, B15, B18 are secondarily associated to the rise in
      frequency of DR3 and DR4 for the "linkage disequilibrium" existing between
      alleles of B and D loci. The results of HLA typing are presented in 2 groups of
      insulin-dependent diabetics (ID) followed from an immunological viewpoint during
      therapy with monocomponent heterologous insulin for over 5 years. The first group
      is composed of 50 patients with low IgG anti-insulin antibody titers (less than 1
      mU/ml, Christiansen: low responders); the second group is made up of 23 patients
      with high IgG anti-insulin antibody titers (greater than 2.5 mU/ml, Christiansen:
      high responders) and includes 5 subjects with insulin allergy (associated or not
      with insulin lipoatrophy) and high levels of insulin specific IgE antibodies. A
      study of the frequencies of various HLA-B antigens in both groups of patients, in
      regard to a control group of piemontese population, in relation to the intensity
      of association (relative risk) and to the statistical importance of frequencies,
      shows only a possible protective effect of the HLA-B18 phenotype (linkage
      disequilibrium with HLA - DR3) towards the production of anti-insulin antibodies
      and hyperimmune clinical manifestations, such as allergy. Reliable conclusions
      are not possible between low and high responders for the other phenotypes (HLA -
      B7, B8, B15) commonly implicated. HLA-B12 was noted in 3 of 5 patients with
      allergy, in 2 cases associated with B8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6443705
TI  - [Trinitroglycerin and controlled hypotension in microsurgery of the middle ear].
AB  - A method to reduce blood pressure for helping middle ear peculiar surgery was
      evaluated in this study. TNT administered in slow intravenous drip, in
      association with NLA, permitted to obtain a quick and well controlled hypotension
      without the incidence of significant adverse reactions.

PMID- 6443706
TI  - [Teeth and diet of Australopithecines (hypothesis on the evolution of man)].
AB  - The dental pattern allows a taxonomic assignment of a primate and some deductions
      about his food preference and survival behaviour. The purpose is to define the
      Hominid's diet and behaviour, through a dental study. The Australopithecines
      teeth pattern was human like and quite different from Pongid pattern. Author
      indicates differential dental marks of A. robustus, A. gracilis and Homo Habilis,
      and infers, also by environmental knowledge, that they, very likely, were fruits,
      roots, graminivorous eaters, using their hands in preparing the food with
      rudimental skill. Their diet maybe was carnivorous too and their teeth were'nt
      quite specialized. Instead A. Robustus teeth were super-specialized for hard,
      coriaceus, vegetal food, and so their molars are enormous and powerful, while
      lacked in advanced hand skill. Homo Habilis shows dental small size like present
      human's teeth. Very likely, they were able to prepare food by tools, with better
      manual skill, and their diet had more variety (onnivorous). With hominization
      increasing, the teeth were decreasing in size and were loosing specialization,
      while hominids were gaining another functional skillness.

PMID- 6443707
TI  - Antigenicity of proteins and peptides.

PMID- 6443708
TI  - Blood platelets and angiotensin II.
AB  - To investigate whether human blood platelets contain angiotensin II, platelets
      were isolated from platelet-rich plasma and resuspended in buffer solution. No
      angiotensin was detectable by radio-immunoassay in this suspension. However,
      after sonification all samples appeared to contain significant amounts of
      angiotensin II. This amount was not reduced by the addition of angiotensinase
      inhibitors, thus ruling out an assay artefact due to breakdown of tracer.
      Subsequent experiments showed that the immunoreactive material behaved similarly
      to standard angiotensin II in several respects.

PMID- 6443709
TI  - The role of calcium in the control of renin release.
AB  - The effects on in vitro renin release from rat kidney cortex of various agents
      which are thought to alter intracellular Ca were investigated. Incubation in Ca
      free medium had no effect on basal or isoprenaline-stimulated renin release, but
      the addition of EDTA stimulated renin release. Angiotensin II (ANG II) and
      ouabain both inhibited basal and isoprenaline-stimulated renin release, and
      external Ca was important in this effect. Verapamil reduced the fall in basal
      renin release and the inhibitory effect of ANG II. In addition, verapamil blocked
      the inhibition by ANG II, but not by ouabain, of isoprenaline-stimulated renin
      release. Isoprenaline may stimulate the Na,K-ATPase leading to increased Ca
      efflux via Na-Ca exchange, whereas ouabain may have the opposite effect. ANG II
      probably stimulates Ca influx and release from intracellular stores.

PMID- 6443710
TI  - Hypertension after brainstem (A1) lesions in normal rats and in rats with
      adrenalectomy, sympathectomy or diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Lesions of the ventrolateral medulla coinciding with the A1 noradrenaline cell
      group, in either the rabbit or the rat, cause hypertension and bradycardia
      accompanied by 50-fold increases in plasma vasopressin and adrenaline and a two
      to-four-fold increase in plasma noradrenaline. Following adrenalectomy in normal
      rats, the A1 hypertension and bradycardia were unchanged. In Brattleboro rats
      with diabetes insipidus, A1 hypertension was not altered but the bradycardia was
      reduced by 40%. In Brattleboro rats subjected to adrenalectomy, the hypertension
      was reduced by 50%. In normal rats, chemical sympathectomy with intravenous 6
      hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) reduced the hypertension by about 50%, and when combined
      with adrenalectomy it abolished the hypertension altogether. In Brattleboro rats,
      6OHDA reduced the hypertension after A1 lesions by about 40%. We suggest that A1
      hypertension is predominantly mediated through increased activity of sympathetic
      vasoconstrictor nerves, and that circulating adrenaline and vasopressin only make
      a minor contribution to the increase in pressure.

PMID- 6443711
TI  - Difference in vasopressin-induced contraction of basilar arteries from stroke
      prone spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SP-SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto rats
      (WKY).
AB  - Vasopressin (0.01-0.3 IU/ml) contracted isolated segments of rat basilar arteries
      from stroke-prone SHR (SP-SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY)
      unequally. Basilar arteries from SP-SHR were more responsive to vasopressin than
      were those from WKY when adrenergic nerve endings were present in both
      preparations. After destruction of adrenergic nerve endings by in vitro 6
      hydroxydopamine treatment, the ED50 for vasopressin in both WKY and SP-SHR
      arteries decreased by a factor of three, indicating that the contractions caused
      by vasopressin were similarly modulated by prejunctional neurotransmitter
      release. However, only arteries from WKY showed prominent rhythmic relaxation
      contraction cycles superimposed upon the vasopressin-induced tone. The tension
      cycles were 20-100 dyn in amplitude and occurred at 1-3 cycles/min. These tension
      oscillations of WKY were pronounced and obvious, sometimes amounting to as much
      tension as the underlying tonic contraction. Tension cycles could reflect a
      physiological contraction-relaxation phasing mechanism that fails to occur in
      basilar arteries of SP-SHR. The rhythmic activity was enhanced by K+-free
      solution and abolished by 30 mM K+ solution, suggesting that pacemaker changes in
      K+ conductance may underlie the WKY tension oscillations. It is suggested that
      the absence of rhythmic contractions in SP-SHR basilar arteries may be explained
      by greater activity of the electrogenic Na+-pump, which would tend to prevent the
      rhythmic oscillations in tension. These observations suggest that vasopressin has
      a differential action on basilar arteries of SP-SHR and WKY.

PMID- 6443712
TI  - Fastigial nucleus stimulation and concurrent activation of cardiovascular
      receptors; differentiate effects on arterial pressure, heart rate and vasopressin
      release.
AB  - The integrated effects of stimulation of fastigial nucleus (FN) and of concurrent
      activation of baroreceptors on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) and
      vasopressin (VP) release in anaesthetized, paralysed, artificially ventilated
      rats were investigated. Stimulation of FN blocked the fall in AP and HR elicited
      by afferent vagal stimulation. It also abolished the atropine-sensitive
      bradycardia occurring at the peak of the stimulus-elicited pressor elevation in 6
      hydroxydopamine treated rats. Sinoaortic denervation plus vagotomy left the
      cardiovascular responses to FN stimulus unmodified but facilitated FN elicited VP
      secretion. Vagotomy alone was ineffective. After high spinal cord transection
      more VP than in the intact condition was secreted after FN stimulation:
      simultaneous afferent vagal stimulation did not affect the facilitated VP
      release. Therefore FN stimulation can inhibit the reflex effects on AP and HR
      from baroreceptors, while the high-(but not the low-) pressure receptors can
      partly inhibit the VP release elicited by FN stimulation.

PMID- 6443713
TI  - Vascular reactivity of rats after prevention of hypertension by central
      administration of 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - Reactivity to noradrenaline was studied in isolated perfused mesenteric artery
      preparations from 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), DOCA/salt
      and one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats as well as in rats which did not
      develop high blood pressure due to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of
      6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) at an age of five to six weeks. The mesenteric
      arteries from all three types of hypertensive rats showed an increased reactivity
      to noradrenaline as characterized by a steeper dose-response curve and elevated
      maximal vasoconstriction when compared with normotensive controls. 6-OH-DA
      induced failure to develop DOCA/salt or renal hypertension was associated with
      vascular reactivity indistinguishable from that of normotensive controls.
      Mesenteric arteries from 6-OH-DA-treated SHR showed an increased reactivity to
      noradrenaline but no increase in maximal vasoconstriction. It is concluded that
      vascular reactivity of SHR to noradrenaline is increased at an age of 14 weeks
      although elevated blood pressure can be excluded as causative factor.

PMID- 6443714
TI  - [Finding of Rhodnius prolixus Stal, 1859, in babassu palm trees].

PMID- 6443715
TI  - [Distribution of Triatominae captured in a domestic environment, 1975/83,
      Brazil].

PMID- 6443716
TI  - [Effect of the use of chelating agents, with or without inactivators, on the
      retention of pins in artificially prepared dentin canals].

PMID- 6443717
TI  - Are acid and pepsin reduction the only effects of highly selective vagotomy.
      Evidence of changes in tissue levels of gastrin, prostaglandins and lysosomal
      acid hydrolases in an experimental ulcer model.
AB  - Using the bile duct ligated (BDL) pig as a model of experimental peptic
      ulceration, a study was made of the effects of highly selective vagotomy (HSV)
      upon basal and stimulated acid and pepsin secretion, tissue levels of n
      acetylglucosaminidase, prostaglandins (PgE2) and gastrin, and gastric venous
      plasma gastrin. In addition to reducing basal acid and pepsin output, HSV was
      found to return towards normal the elevated tissue prostaglandin and depressed
      antral gastrin levels after BDL. In addition, it was observed that gastric juice
      specimens were markedly viscid. It is suggested that there may be effects of HSV
      other than acid and pepsin reduction which require attention.

PMID- 6443718
TI  - The SSAT-AGA (Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract-American
      Gastroenterological Association). New Orleans, May 20-23, 1984.

PMID- 6443719
TI  - Preoperative percutaneous transhepatic drainage: use or abuse. A clinical review.
AB  - The benefit of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in
      patients with obstructive jaundice was reviewed in the literature from 1974 to
      July 1984. The role of preoperative drainage cannot be definitively assessed.
      Significant reduction of morbidity and mortality has been reported in some non
      controlled studies; however, no benefit of preoperative "external" drainage was
      found in the only two reported randomized studies. At the present time external
      preoperative drainage cannot be advised routinely and the hazards of this
      technique and effect of bile losses may outweigh the benefits. The benefits of
      preoperative internal drainage without bile loss and closing of the enterohepatic
      cycle needs to be evaluated both percutaneously and endoscopically. Criteria,
      developed after specific identification of high risk patients, should be used to
      select patients for biliary drainage and to evaluate results of drainage studies.
      The clinical well-accepted drainage period of 2-4 weeks is controversial and the
      optimum period of drainage also requires further evaluation. The percutaneous
      approach carries significant morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6443720
TI  - Opticrom in the management of blepharitis.

PMID- 6443721
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant.

PMID- 6443722
TI  - Antiphospholipid antibodies: a review.

PMID- 6443723
TI  - [Complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute respiratory
      disease (1980-1983)].

PMID- 6443725
TI  - [Pollution of the environment with persistent substances].

PMID- 6443724
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6443726
TI  - Studies on cyproheptadine-amphetamine interaction after pretreatment with 6
      hydroxydopamine.
AB  - 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) and cyproheptadine (CPH) exerted a lowering effect on
      blood amphetamine (AMPH) level in rats, at the same time the content of AMPH in
      the brain was elevated and the simultaneously recorded stereotypy was higher than
      in controls. After joint premedication with 6-OH-DA and CPH, however, no
      cumulative effect on AMPH brain level was seen, the highest AMPH elevation in
      whole brain as well as in corpus striatum occurred in animals premedicated with 6
      OH-DA only. In spite of that, the highest stereotypy scores were noted after
      joint premedication with both substances. This may indicate that CPH
      premedication causes a rise in AMPH stereotypy mainly by pharmacodynamic
      interaction, though the elevation of the content of AMPH in the brain after CPH
      and 6-OH-DA must be of some influence as well. A further result is worth noting.
      After destroying peripheral adrenergic structures by 6-OH-DA a change from a two
      compartment to a one-compartment model of AMPH kinetics occurred. This indicates
      that these structures may play the role of the second compartment or a part of
      it.

PMID- 6443727
TI  - The highest ambient temperature tolerated by normocapnic and hypercapnic rabbits.
AB  - The highest ambient temperature tolerated by rabbits was 30 degrees C at the
      relative humidity of air 80-95%. During the exposure to these environmental
      conditions the vasomotor thermoregulatory response developed fully, while the
      respiratory frequency did not attain the maximum level, i.e. the rabbit's
      potential ability for thermal panting. Prolonged heat exposure (approx. 4 hours)
      had a depressive effect on the respiratory frequency. Increased concentration of
      carbon dioxide (3, 6 and 9%) in the inspired gas mixture did not disturb the
      thermoregulatory mechanisms at 30 degrees C in the rabbits.

PMID- 6443728
TI  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in hemophiliacs: a hypothesis.
AB  - Healthy hemophiliacs receiving antihemophilic (AHF) concentrates have decreased T
      helper/suppressor (H/S) ratios, similar to the changes observed in healthy
      homosexuals considered at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS). We present a hypothesis which focuses on the role of natural killer (NK)
      cells and elevated serum levels of alpha interferon (IFN alpha) in hemophiliacs
      with AIDS. This hypothesis suggests that alloantigens in AHF concentrates provide
      an important inducing event which compromises the immune system of the hemophilia
      patient and enhances his susceptibility to infection by a transmissible agent. It
      provides an explanation for the predominance of NK cells with T-cell markers,
      impaired NK cell function, elevated serum IFN alpha levels, and the deficit in T
      helper/inducer cells in hemophilic patients with AIDS. Furthermore, it could
      account for the T-cell subset imbalance in relation to total AHF units
      transfused, and to the development of an inverted H/S ratio which is a constant
      feature of AIDS.

PMID- 6443729
TI  - Leu 3a/TQ 1 and leu 2a/leu 15 double marker studies of AIDS and ARC patients.

PMID- 6443730
TI  - The management of musculoskeletal problems in hemophilia. Part I. Principles of
      medical management of hemophilia.
AB  - Musculoskeletal bleeding in general and arthropathy in particular are the central
      problems among many in the two major forms of hemophilia: classic hemophilia,
      caused by factor VIII deficiency, and Christmas disease, caused by factor IX
      deficiency. Currently available replacement therapy, if properly used in a
      multidisciplinary setting, should provide significant benefit to hemophilic
      patients despite its cost and occasional complications.

PMID- 6443731
TI  - Surgical management of musculoskeletal problems in hemophilia.
AB  - This part covers the surgical management of musculoskeletal problems in
      hemophilia according to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative
      considerations; reviewed the surgical management of muscle bleeds, subacute and
      chronic arthropathy, pseudotumors, and fractures; and provided a cost-benefit
      analysis of synovectomy and knee replacement in hemophilia.

PMID- 6443732
TI  - [Metronidazole strip method for differentiating single colonies of obligate from
      facultative anaerobes on primary agar plates].

PMID- 6443733
TI  - [Comparative studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) and cefmetazole in complicated
      urinary tract infections].

PMID- 6443734
TI  - [Phagocytic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in
      diabetics].

PMID- 6443735
TI  - [Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of respiratory isolates of Haemophilus
      influenzae--ampicillin resistance].

PMID- 6443736
TI  - [Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in Okinawa and Kyushu].

PMID- 6443737
TI  - [Antigenic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 6443738
TI  - [The concomitant effect of a gamma-globulin preparation with an antibiotic on
      experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in mice].

PMID- 6443739
TI  - [A case of splenic abscess diagnosed by computed tomography].

PMID- 6443740
TI  - Inhibition of capillary transport reserve by sodium pentobarbital anesthesia in
      isometrically contracting dog heart.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that different anesthetic may produce different effects
      on the ability of the myocardium to recruit capillaries. The experiments were
      performed on the isolated hearts of five dogs anesthetized with sodium
      pentobarbital (Nembutal), and six dogs anesthetized with chloralose. The isolated
      hearts were perfused with heparinized blood at controlled flows from a support
      dog anesthetized with the same agent. The adaptive capacity of the heart to
      recruit capillaries in response to rising left ventricular pressure (LVP) was
      determined by measuring the permeability-surface area product. (PS) of 22Na and
      51Cr-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The myocardial ability to recruit
      functional capillary perfusion and transport was estimated by the ratio of the PS
      Na (and EDTA) obtained at a given LVP to the PS-Na (and EDTA) at LVP = 0. In
      chloralose-anesthetized dogs there was a gradual increase in PS as a function of
      LVP. At systolic LVP ranges of 60-120 mm Hg and 130-200 mm Hg, mean PS-Na ratios
      were 1.15 and 1.60, while mean PS-EDTA ratios were 1.10 and 1.50, respectively.
      In Nembutal-anesthetized dogs there was no increase in PS associated with the
      increases in LVP. For the same range of LVP, the mean PS ratios for both Na and
      EDTA varied between 1.05 and 1.18. The results show the inhibition of capillary
      recruitment in Nembutal anesthetized dogs for LVP of 130-200 mm Hg. They also
      support the concept that Nembutal inhibits the ability of the myocardium to
      increase blood tissue transport of nutrients in response to increased metabolic
      demands.

PMID- 6443742
TI  - Gangliosidoses and leukodystrophies--a correlative approach in pediatric
      neurobiology.

PMID- 6443741
TI  - Intramembrane particle distribution and junction morphology in rapidly frozen
      aortic endothelial cells.
AB  - The morphology of unfixed plasma membranes of aortic endothelial cells from adult
      Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated using the Polaron E7200 quick freeze unit.
      Intramembrane particle distributions were determined from replicas of rapidly
      frozen samples and compared with counts from both aldehyde fixed, conventionaly
      frozen and rapidly frozen aortic samples. Aldehyde fixed cells prepared by either
      of the freezing methods revealed a significantly greater number of particles
      associated with the protoplasmic face of the membrane compared to the exoplasmic
      face. In contrast, those cells fixed by rapid freezing showed a nearly equal
      number of particles on both faces. In both fixation methods tight junctions
      partitioned with the exoplasmic half of the membrane, exhibiting more of a
      particulate morphology in rapidly frozen cells. These findings suggest that
      aldehydes strongly influence the morphological appearance of endothelial
      membranes and membrane associated structures, and that functional implications
      based on images of aldehyde fixed cells may be subject to errors.

PMID- 6443743
TI  - Clinical course of GM1 gangliosidoses.
AB  - The GM1 gangliosidoses are clinically characterized by the combination of a
      degenerative process in the brain and of storage phenomena in extra-neural
      tissues, particularly in bones and visceral organs. Phenotypic variability is
      pronounced. "Classical" types, according to the age at onset, are infantile
      ("generalized"), juvenile, and adult forms. In rare variants, the degenerative
      process may be restricted to the basal ganglia and cause dystonia musculorum
      deformans, or it may cause infantile cardiomyopathy. Much of this variability may
      be explained by variable residual activities of the deficient beta-galactosidase
      towards various substrates.

PMID- 6443744
TI  - Chemotherapeutic sensitivity of liver metastases from intrasplenically-growing
      Lewis lung tumor.
AB  - A recently developed metastatic tumor model was used to study the therapeutic
      response of liver metastases derived from intrasplenically growing LLT. Treatment
      was performed on the day following surgical removal of the 'primary tumor'. The
      life-span of tumor-bearing animals and the number and volume of liver metastases
      were measured. Cyclophosphamide and 13324 (a new bifunctional nitrosoureido
      derivative) proved to be most effective. Some other drugs (5-FU, MeCCNU, Lycurim)
      showed a temporary regression in the formation of macrometastases without
      influencing the life-span. Adriamycin was slightly more effective given i.p. than
      i.v.

PMID- 6443745
TI  - The effect of body temperature on the locomotory energetics of lizards.
AB  - Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and stamina were
      measured in the lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus running at sustainable and non
      sustainable velocities (v) on a motor-driven treadmill. Three experimental groups
      were measured: field-fresh animals at body temperature (Tb) = 35 degrees C and
      laboratory-maintained animals at Tb = 35 and 25 degrees C. Mean preferred Tb was
      determined to be 35.2 degrees C. At 35 degrees C, field-fresh animals had a
      greater maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max corr) (4.22 vs 3.60 ml O2 g-0.76h-1)
      and a greater endurance. The net cost of transport (slope of VO2 on v) did not
      differ between the groups (= 2.60 ml O2 g-0.76)km-1). Velocity at which VO2max is
      attained (MAS) is 0.84 km h-1. The respiratory exchange ratio (R) exceeded 1.0 at
      v above MAS, indicating supplementary anaerobic metabolism. At 25 degrees C,
      VO2max corr was lower (2.34 ml O2 g-0.76h-1) as was endurance, MAS occurring at
      0.5 km h-1. Net cost of transport was not significantly different than at 35
      degrees C. The effect of Tb on locomotory costs was analyzed for this lizard and
      other species. It was concluded that the net cost of transport is temperature
      independent in all species examined and the total cost of locomotion (VO2 v-1) is
      temperature dependent in Tupinambis (Q10 = 1.4-2.0) and all other species
      examined except one. The energetic cost of locomotion [(VO2active-VO2rest)v-1],
      previously reported to be temperature independent in lizards, is temperature
      dependent in Tupinambis (Q10 = 1.3-1.6) and in two other species.2r

PMID- 6443746
TI  - [Insulin level in the blood and insulin receptors in the tissues and their
      metabolism during the growth period].

PMID- 6443747
TI  - Spermatogenic onset: the role of FSH on the control of spermatogonial
      multiplication and differentiation in immature rats.

PMID- 6443748
TI  - Testicular peptides and their endocrine and paracrine functions.
AB  - A number of testicular peptides appear to have endocrine and/or paracrine
      functions. Most, if not all, of these peptides are secreted by the Sertoli cells
      into the tubular fluid. Although their physiological role has not been fully
      clarified, these secretory products are believed to play an important role in the
      local regulation of testicular functions, particularly the spermatogenic process.
      Presence of high affinity, specific binding sites for transferrin and androgen
      binding protein, both secreted by the Sertoli cells, has been demonstrated on the
      round spermatids and/or pachytene spermatocytes. Since within the seminiferous
      tubules, only the Sertoli cells respond directly to follicle stimulating hormone
      and testosterone, they could mediate the hormonal effects on spermatogenesis by
      providing certain products which may be essential during specific stages of germ
      cell differentiation.

PMID- 6443749
TI  - NMR imaging of central nervous system diseases before and after radiotherapy.
AB  - Two brain tumors, a foramen magnum tumor and an arterio-venous malformation (AVM)
      were treated with radiation but without chemotherapy or surgical removal. These
      cases were monitored by NMR imaging for a period of 16 months after radiotherapy
      to detect the response of the tumors and brain tissue to radiation. The T1 and T2
      of the tumors behaved independently. T1 decreased after radiation related to
      clinical improvement. T2 did not change to the same degree as T1. An increased T2
      area around the tumors and along the lateral ventricle developed about six months
      in one case and 16 months in the other case after radiotherapy, without
      associated clinical change in either case.

PMID- 6443750
TI  - Observations made with L-deprenil (Jumex) in the long-term treatment of
      outpatients with Parkinson's syndrome.

PMID- 6443751
TI  - Biological properties of prostacyclin-thromboxane system.

PMID- 6443752
TI  - Lithium treatment of Basedow's disease.

PMID- 6443753
TI  - Plant cell cloning and culture products.
AB  - Biotechnological developments in the use of plant cells as sources of
      biochemicals have now brought several applications within commercial range. Plant
      propagation has developed faster commercially, but now requires similar
      biotechnology to enable the automated production of large numbers of plants at
      low cost. Although some of the enabling technology has been developed for
      pregerminated seeds this has not been coupled to production of plantlets in
      bioreactors. Our present lack of knowledge of how to control gene expression in
      plant cells, which stems from our ignorance of the organization and regulation of
      the plant genome, is a critical factor limiting all applications of plant cell
      cultures.

PMID- 6443754
TI  - Collagen gene structure: the paradox may be resolved.

PMID- 6443755
TI  - [An epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis at a hemodialysis center].

PMID- 6443756
TI  - Enhancement by intracerebroventricular thyrotropin-releasing hormone of
      indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in the rat.
AB  - Effects of the intracerebroventricular thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on
      gastric mucosa were studied in rats. TRH (3 and 10 micrograms rat-1 i.c.v.)
      produced slight gastric lesions and also aggravated indomethacin-, aspirin- or 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced gastric lesions, while restraint and cold stress
      induced lesions were not influenced by TRH. Bethanechol used at a dose sufficient
      to produce acid secretion did not influence the gastric mucosa in intact or
      indomethacin-treated rats. Enhancement of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions by
      TRH was not inhibited to any significant degree by atropine 0.1 mg kg-1 s.c.,
      which prevented TRH-induced gastric acid secretion, but tended to be inhibited by
      phentolamine, 2.5 mg kg-1 i.p. It is concluded that the enhancement by TRH of
      indomethacin-induced gastric lesions is due to a combination of the central and
      peripheral actions of the ulcerogenic agents.

PMID- 6443757
TI  - Anabolic steroids.
AB  - Anabolic-androgenic steroid hormones are used by athletes in an attempt to
      improve performance. Side effects include decreased testosterone and sperm
      production, acne, balding, and increased aggression. The long-term effects are
      not known.

PMID- 6443758
TI  - Portal and pulmonary hypertension in a case of systematic lupus erythematosus:
      possible relationship with a clotting abnormality.
AB  - A young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus developed portal hypertension and
      pulmonary hypertension. This is the first report of such a case. We suggest that
      the presence of the lupus anticoagulant may have been related to the development
      of these two unusual features of her illness.

PMID- 6443759
TI  - A double blind, placebo controlled study of piroxicam in the management of acute
      musculoskeletal disorders.
AB  - General Practitioners from the United Kingdom produced data on 1,282 patients
      with acute soft tissue injury treated with either piroxicam (Feldene) or matching
      placebo for a period of up to two weeks. The dosage of piroxicam was 40 mg for
      the first 2 days and 20 mg daily thereafter. Clinical assessment included pain,
      swelling, limitation of active and passive movement and overall assessment of
      efficacy and toleration. Piroxicam was significantly better than placebo in
      improving patient signs and symptoms, and in its overall efficacy (P less than
      0.001); 87% of piroxicam treated patients had excellent or good responses,
      compared to 53% of placebo treated patients. On analysis of four of the most
      commonly occurring diagnoses (injuries of ankle, knee, shoulder, back) patients
      with moderate or severe pain showed a significant improvement on treatment with
      piroxicam. Physicians' overall assessment of toleration showed no evidence of
      differences between treatments. Over 90% of patients in both treatment groups had
      good or excellent toleration. Withdrawals due to side effects were 3% and 2.5%
      respectively for piroxicam and placebo treated patients.

PMID- 6443760
TI  - The doctor and the DRG.

PMID- 6443762
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa--biology, immunology, and therapy: a cefsulodin symposium.
      Monterey, California, May 16-17, 1983.

PMID- 6443761
TI  - The clinical challenge of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - A hundred years have elapsed since the first isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Most of the early infectious processes were uncommon, but experimental studies of
      pathogenesis anticipated recent work. Today we recognize P. aeruginosa as a
      pathogen of major importance in immunocompromised patients, patients with cystic
      fibrosis, and patients with breached anatomic defenses. Multiple virulence
      factors have been identified that may account for, possibly in concert, the
      ability of this organism to cause disease even in normal hosts. Immunologic
      approaches to control or treatment offer some promise, as does the development of
      new antibiotics. The outlook for treatment and control of infections due to P.
      aeruginosa seems dependent on better understanding of pathogenesis, improved
      understanding of host defenses, and the most advantageous use of new
      antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 6443763
TI  - The etiology and persistence of cryptic bacterial infections: a hypothesis.
AB  - The growth and survival mechanisms used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human
      infections are similar to those used by the organism in aquatic systems. P.
      aeruginosa attaches to inert solid or tissue surfaces and grows predominantly in
      biofilms that release mobile swarmer cells into the surrounding fluid phase.
      These natural and pathogenic biofilms are covered by an exopolysaccharide matrix
      (glycocalyx) that serves as a barrier against hostile environmental factors, such
      as host defense mechanisms and antibiotics. Glycocalyx-enclosed biofilms of P.
      aeruginosa or other bacteria have been identified in experimental or clinical
      infections arising from contaminated prostheses and in chronic refractory
      infections, such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and P. aeruginosa pneumonia
      associated with cystic fibrosis. Conventional in vitro antibiotic susceptibility
      tests are directed against unprotected, mobile, swarmer cells. Antibiotics used
      to treat sequestered infections should be tested against populations of pathogens
      in intact biofilms to determine the ability of the antibiotics to penetrate the
      glycocalyces and to kill the component bacteria.

PMID- 6443764
TI  - The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen whose adaptability,
      ubiquitousness, and pathogenicity are closely related. Both cell-associated and
      extracellular products of P. aeruginosa contribute to its virulence. Surface
      structures, including pili and the polysaccharide capsule or glycocalyx, appear
      to mediate the initial attachment of P. aeruginosa to its prospective host, thus
      permitting colonization. Extracellular enzymes such as alkaline protease,
      elastase, phospholipase C, and exotoxin A degrade infected tissues and promote
      bacterial invasion. When dissemination occurs, systemic disease results, often
      with fatal consequences. Although extracellular enzymes of P. aeruginosa figure
      prominently in local disease processes, exotoxin A and endotoxin are primarily
      responsible for systemic disease. The most protective antibodies presently known
      are directed toward the nontoxic portions of P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides
      that serve no known virulence function per se. However, there is preliminary
      evidence that the protective activity of these opsonic antibodies may be
      augmented by toxin-neutralizing antibodies directed toward the lipid A moiety of
      endotoxin and exotoxin A.

PMID- 6443765
TI  - Epidemiology of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for an increasing proportion of infections
      acquired in the modern hospital setting. It accounts for 8.5% of all nosocomial
      infections and has an attack rate of 36 infections per 10,000 hospital
      discharges. P. aeruginosa represents the single most frequently isolated pathogen
      in patients with nosocomial pneumonia and burn-wound infections. The organism's
      bioepidemiology is linked to its ability to thrive in marginal econiches, and its
      ascendency as a nosocomial pathogen parallels the evolution of high-technology
      intensive care units, the large numbers of immunocompromised patients, and the
      liberal use of antibiotics. The reservoirs and modes of transmission for this
      organism are reviewed along with recent studies aimed at the prevention of both
      colonization and infection by this organism.

PMID- 6443766
TI  - Biochemical and physiologic basis for susceptibility and resistance of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The mechanisms involved in the susceptibility and resistance of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa to antimicrobial agents are varied. For the beta-lactam agents,
      susceptibility of the organism is dependent on penetration of the outer membrane,
      binding to target proteins, absence of significant beta-lactamases, and,
      possibly, the initiation of cell wall lysis. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides is
      based on membrane permeation and transport and specific binding to the 30S
      ribosomal subunit. Antipseudomonal activity of the polymyxins is related to their
      binding to membrane phospholipids, with subsequent disruption of the membrane;
      and activity of tetracycline and erythromycin, which is pH-dependent, affects
      protein synthesis. Resistance to beta-lactam agents is mediated through beta
      lactamases, the Id and V enzymes being especially important in P. aeruginosa.
      Other postulated mechanisms of resistance include the presence of a permeability
      barrier, insensitivity of target sites, decreased binding, and "trapping."
      Decreased binding to the S12 protein (often termed the P10 protein in references
      to streptomycin), decreased active transport, and enzyme-mediated modification
      are the major mechanisms responsible for resistance to aminoglycosides. The
      factors involved in resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin remain unclear.
      The emergence of resistance during a single course of beta-lactam therapy is a
      special problem with P. aeruginosa and may be due to acquisition of resistance
      genes, cross-infection, selection or induction of resistance in some variants, or
      mutation.

PMID- 6443767
TI  - Host defense mechanisms against pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with unusually high
      mortalities. Accordingly, efforts to define better the most important components
      of lung defenses against this infection are justified as a prelude to defining
      improved management strategies. In this report, a guinea pig model of
      experimental aspiration pseudomonas pneumonia was employed for studies of
      cellular and humoral mechanisms of pulmonary defense. Animals treated with
      cortisone acetate plus cyclophosphamide experienced decreased survival from
      pneumonia, and survival rates correlated directly with the degree of
      myelosuppression. Numbers of pulmonary macrophages and polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils were reduced in drug-treated animals before impairment of macrophage
      antibacterial function. Thus, a reduction in numbers of phagocytes alone was
      sufficient to markedly reduce lung defenses. In additional experiments, normal
      guinea pigs were vaccinated with a lipopolysaccharide pseudomonas vaccine.
      Improved survival from pneumonia correlated with high titers of type-specific,
      heat-stable opsonic antibody. It is concluded that adequate numbers of lung
      phagocytes, plus type-specific opsonic antibody, represent the ideal status for
      lung defense against P. aeruginosa infection.

PMID- 6443768
TI  - Activity of cefsulodin and other agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Cefsulodin is a novel cephalosporin that contains a pyridinomethyl substituent at
      position 3 of the dihydrothiazine ring and a sulfo group on the acyl side chain.
      Cefsulodin has a high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa but binds poorly to those of other bacteria. Cefsulodin has the
      ability to readily pass through the outer wall of P. aeruginosa and is poorly
      hydrolyzed by most chromosomal beta-lactamases. It is partially destroyed by the
      carbenicillinases of P. aeruginosa that are plasmid mediated. Cefsulodin inhibits
      50% of P. aeruginosa isolates at concentrations of 2-4 micrograms/ml. Cefsulodin
      acts synergistically with all aminoglycosides against 20%-80% of P. aeruginosa
      isolates.

PMID- 6443769
TI  - Effect of highly potent antipseudomonal beta-lactam agents alone and in
      combination with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The activities of ticarcillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem,
      formerly known as N-formimidoyl thienamycin, were evaluated alone and in
      combination with aminoglycosides against 56 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, which were characterized by aminoglycoside susceptibility and content
      of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymatic activities. All beta-lactam agents were
      highly active against aminoglycoside-susceptible isolates, and with few
      exceptions the aminoglycoside-resistant isolates were susceptible to all of the
      beta-lactam agents except ticarcillin. Combinations of the beta-lactam agents
      with aminoglycosides frequently acted synergistically, but the effect of
      different beta-lactam agents in combination with an aminoglycoside against
      individual strains was unpredictable. The presence or absence of an
      aminoglycoside-modifying enzymatic activity had no observed effect on synergism
      with tobramycin. Killing-curve experiments with strains in the presence of
      concentrations of a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside that were not bactericidal
      alone (one-fourth the minimal bactericidal concentration) showed synergistic
      bactericidal action against four strains that were tested. The results
      demonstrate the great activity of these newer antipseudomonal beta-lactam agents
      and their potential for synergism with aminoglycosides.

PMID- 6443770
TI  - Treatment of invasive external otitis with cefsulodin.
AB  - Thirteen patients with invasive infections of the external ear were treated with
      cefsulodin sodium. Eleven were elderly diabetic patients with malignant external
      otitis, and two were nondiabetic adults with cellulitis or chondritis of the
      external ear. Four of 11 patients with malignant external otitis had extensive
      disease, with progression of infection to the petrous apex, medial base of the
      skull, or parapharyngeal soft tissue. Eleven patients had granulation tissue in
      the external auditory canal, and three presented with cranial nerve palsies (V,
      VII, IX, X). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from all patients. Minimal
      inhibitory concentrations of cefsulodin for the strains isolated were 1.56-6.25
      micrograms/ml (mean, 3.37 microliter/ml) and minimal bactericidal concentrations
      were 1.56-25 micrograms/ml (mean, 5.59 micrograms/ml). Duration of therapy was
      from one to 12 weeks. Nine patients had a positive clinical response, three had
      recurrent disease after initial improvement, and one was lost to follow-up. A
      positive response was correlated with a longer duration of therapy and less
      extensive disease; complications were minor. Cefsulodin appears to be an
      effective agent for the treatment of selected patients with invasive external
      otitis.

PMID- 6443771
TI  - Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in
      patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with cystic fibrosis received either cefsulodin or a
      reference agent (tobramycin or ticarcillin) in a randomized manner for treatment
      of pulmonary infections associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients ranged
      in age from 12 to 30 years. Their infections were classified as mild (six),
      moderate (16), or severe (seven). Fourteen patients received cefsulodin, 14
      patients were treated with tobramycin, and one patient received ticarcillin.
      Significant clinical improvement was noted in the majority of patients in both
      groups. Adverse effects and development of laboratory abnormalities were uncommon
      in both groups. P. aeruginosa was not permanently eradicated from the sputum of
      any of the patients. Resistance as measured by disk susceptibility testing may
      have developed during and immediately after therapy in the cefsulodin group but
      not in those treated with reference agents. However, this did not appear to
      affect the clinical outcome. Results of the nonrandomized portion of this
      multicenter study, in which 46 patients were treated with cefsulodin, were
      similar to those for the randomized group. Thus, cefsulodin was shown to be as
      clinically effective as the reference agents in the treatment of lower
      respiratory tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with
      cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6443772
TI  - Experience with cefsulodin therapy for lower respiratory tract infections caused
      by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in adults without cystic fibrosis or granulocytopenia.
AB  - Cefsulodin was administered as the sole antipseudomonal therapy to 14 adults
      without cystic fibrosis or granulocytopenia for infection of the lower
      respiratory tract caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At
      dosages of 1.0-1.5 g intravenously every 6 hr, peak serum antipseudomonal
      activity consistently exceeded 1:16. Twelve patients (86%) showed a favorable
      therapeutic response: six (43%) with eradication of P. aeruginosa from the
      respiratory tract and six (43%) with persistent colonization. Two patients (14%)
      did not respond to cefsulodin therapy. In five cases (36%), P. aeruginosa
      resistant to cefsulodin appeared during the course of therapy, in two cases
      contributing to therapeutic failure; three strains also acquired cross-resistance
      to two or more other antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics. Cefsulodin was well
      tolerated, with no evidence of organ toxicity or other adverse effects discerned.
      These therapeutic results are comparable with or superior to those reported with
      other antipseudomonal drugs studied in single-drug regimens for treatment of P.
      aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections in this patient population.

PMID- 6443773
TI  - Cefsulodin therapy for osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The results of treating chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteomyelitis with
      cefsulodin at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center (RPSLMC) and eight
      other institutions are summarized. Eleven patients whose infections were proven
      by bone-biopsy culture were treated with cefsulodin at RPSLMC; one received two
      courses of treatment. Efficacy of therapy was evaluated for eight patients, all
      of whom had a polymicrobial infection. The average age of the patients was 52.3
      years (range, 28-85). All had serious underlying illnesses or associated
      conditions. The mean inhibitory concentration of cefsulodin for the isolates of
      P. aeruginosa was 3.125 micrograms/ml (range, 0.78-6.25 micrograms/ml). Two
      patients received concomitant therapy with antibiotics not active against P.
      aeruginosa. Surgical debridement was performed in six of the eight patients. A
      favorable response was demonstrated in six of the eight patients. Follow-up for
      seven patients ranged from one week to 12 months, and in the eighth patient
      follow-up was 32 months. One patient relapsed twice. Seven possible complications
      of therapy were observed in five of the 11 patients who received cefsulodin; in
      three of these patients cefsulodin had to be discontinued. In studies of
      osteomyelitis conducted at other institutions, 10 of 14 patients for whom therapy
      could be evaluated had a favorable response to cefsulodin. Cefsulodin is a useful
      agent for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis associated with P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6443774
TI  - Treatment of urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with
      cefsulodin.
AB  - Effectiveness of cefsulodin in the treatment of urinary tract infections due to
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by means of a comparative study with 123
      enrolled patients. Seventy-four patients whose therapy could be evaluated were
      randomly assigned to therapy with either cefsulodin at various dosages or an
      aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin). In all cases, the treatment
      course was five to 10 days (mean, 7.4 days), and levels of cefsulodin in the
      serum of patients administered the lowest dose (250 mg every 6 hr) exceeded the
      90% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of cefsulodin for P. aeruginosa.
      Cefsulodin therapy cleared P. aeruginosa from 37 of 50 patients, and therapy with
      an aminoglycoside cleared P. aeruginosa from 16 of 24 patients. The rate of
      clearance was unrelated to the antibiotic used (cefsulodin, gentamicin,
      tobramycin, or amikacin) or to whether patients were catheterized, the infectious
      agent was resistant to carbenicillin or gentamicin or to 4 micrograms of
      cefsulodin/ml, or the level of cefsulodin in serum regularly exceeded the minimal
      bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the infecting strain. The mean MIC and MBC
      for strains isolated from patients who experienced relapse (failure) were not
      higher than the mean MIC and MBC for strains cleared by cefsulodin.

PMID- 6443775
TI  - Cefsulodin therapy for infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with
      burns.
AB  - This multicenter trial compared treatment with either cefsulodin or reference
      antibiotics (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, or ticarcillin) in 67 patients
      with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and burn injury. Safety of treatment was
      evaluated for all 67 patients; clinical efficacy, for 29; and bacteriologic
      efficacy, for 26. The average daily dose and duration of treatment for the 37
      cefsulodin-treated patients were 5.6 g and 10.3 days, respectively. The
      percentage of total body surface burned was greater than or equal to 50% for 40%
      and greater than or equal to 25% for 85% of the patients. Rates of bacteriologic
      cure for 30 sites of infection were 64% (7/11) for skin and skin-structure
      infections treated with cefsulodin or reference antibiotics; 100% (1/1) for
      respiratory tract infections treated with cefsulodin and 33% (2/6) for those
      treated with reference antibiotics; and 100% (1/1) for septicemia treated with a
      reference antibiotic. Overall bacteriologic and clinical efficacy for cefsulodin
      treatment was 67% (8/12) and 73% (11/15), respectively, and for treatment with a
      reference antibiotic was 56% (10/18) and 64% (9/14), respectively. Cefsulodin was
      found to be safe and comparable in efficacy to reference antibiotics in this
      patient population.

PMID- 6443777
TI  - Classics in infectious diseases. On the blue and green coloration that appears on
      bandages. By Carle Gessard (1850-1925).

PMID- 6443776
TI  - The outlook for prevention and treatment of infections due to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - Control measures based on careful hospital surveillance are aimed primarily at
      minimizing environmental sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other important
      aspects of epidemiologic control include aggressive evaluation of outbreaks and
      limitation of antimicrobial use. Potent new antimicrobial chemotherapy has been
      developed, with most new agents of the beta-lactam and aminoglycoside classes. In
      spite of these developments, the likelihood of drug resistance seems great and
      the search for novel compounds continues. Of greatest appeal are approaches that
      augment host defences. Replacement or supplementation of circulating phagocytic
      cells is conceptually attractive, but this approach has encountered major
      technical problems and complications. More recently, there has been important
      progress in developing immunologic approaches aimed at augmenting circulating
      antibodies. Development of monoclonal antibodies and new methods for preparing
      hyperimmune globulins has produced forms of intervention that must be tested by
      clinical trials, but not all patients may benefit from augmentation of
      circulating antibodies to P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6443778
TI  - Influence of copper-lysine complex on the formation of desmosine cross-links in
      elastin.

PMID- 6443779
TI  - Athlete's foot caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - An enzymatically active pigment-producing clinical isolate of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa was found to produce a diffusible antifungal product that was shown to
      be inhibitory to the growth of several dermatophytes, specifically, Trichophyton
      rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, and Microsporum
      audouini. In this study, Trichophyton rubrum was used as the test organism. The
      antifungal product was partially purified by Sephadex column chromatography and
      was found to be stable at 5 degrees, 25 degrees, and 37 degrees C. Several
      investigators have alluded to the fact that as asymptomatic cases of
      dermatophytosis simplex progress to symptomatic dermatophytosis complex, the
      bacterial profile changes from a gram-positive bacterial ecosystem to a gram
      negative bacterial over-growth. The primary event in the pathogenesis of
      interdigital athlete's foot is the invasion of the horny layer by dermatophytes.
      This presents as a mild to moderate scaly lesion and is asymptomatic. As a result
      of predisposing factors, such as hyperhidrosis, occlusion by tight shoes, minute
      abrasions due to friction, and fungal-infected skin surfaces, dynamic overgrowth
      of opportunistic gram-negative bacilli prevails. As the gram-negative population
      increases, the recovery of dermatophytes dramatically diminishes, until a point
      is reached when no dermatophytes can be recovered from clinically symptomatic
      tinea pedis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is inhibiting its fungal competitor
      Trichophyton rubrum by producing a diffusible antifungal agent into the
      infectious environment of the intertriginous foot lesion. Clinically, the patient
      is diagnosed as having tinea pedis; laboratory culture for fungus and KOH are
      negative, and what was a paradox just a few years ago can currently be identified
      and treated appropriately as gram-negative athlete's foot.

PMID- 6443780
TI  - Congenital ectopic encysted eye ball (a case report).

PMID- 6443781
TI  - Congenital cystic eye--a case report.

PMID- 6443782
TI  - [Role of an immunomodulator in oncologic surgery: possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 6443783
TI  - Studies of factors affecting the design of NMR contrast agents: manganese in
      blood as a model system.
AB  - Some factors affecting the performance of paramagnetic ions as contrast agents
      for proton NMR imaging have been studied. It is demonstrated that the relaxation
      rate of an aqueous solution of the ion is not reliably predicted by its magnetic
      moment, but that significant relaxation enhancement may result when the ion is
      complexed with large molecules, which increases the dominant correlation time.
      This enhancement in turn can be altered by factors such as pH and competition for
      binding. Chelation of the paramagnetic ion, which may be implemented to lower its
      toxicity, can considerably reduce its efficacy by not only limiting its access to
      water but also by preventing the enhancement from associations and
      macromolecules. For manganese the ratio T1/T2 is a useful parameter which is
      sensitive to the degree of metal binding. These features of paramagnetic
      relaxation enhancement in tissue are demonstrated in a series of experiments on
      systems consisting of blood components and manganese.

PMID- 6443784
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of solvent proton relaxation induced by Gd3+ and Mn2+
      complexes.
AB  - The effect of solute paramagnetic ions on the longitudinal magnetic relaxation
      rate 1/T1 of solvent water protons depends on magnetic field strength and on the
      chemical environment of the ions. The variation of 1/T1 with field has been
      measured for solutions of Gd3+ and Mn2+ ions in three grossly different
      environments near physiological pH: the hydrated aquoion; chelated by EDTA
      (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid);
      and bound to the protein concanavalin A. It is demonstrated that over the field
      range at which NMR imaging is currently being done, the chemical environment can
      alter 1/T1 of solvent protons by more than an order of magnitude. The relevance
      of these results to the potential utility of these ions as agents for enhancement
      of contrast in NMR images is discussed.

PMID- 6443785
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of thyroid function in Australian aborigines.
AB  - The presence of what we believe is a unique variant of thyroxine-binding globulin
      in a high proportion of Australian Aborigines causes difficulty in the
      interpretation of thyroid function tests in such subjects. We present reference
      ranges for the common tests of thyroid function and a suitable combination of
      tests for the laboratory investigation of thyroid function in Aborigines. We
      suggest that the thyroid status of Aborigines previously diagnosed as hypothyroid
      should be reviewed.

PMID- 6443786
TI  - Biosynthetic studies of amphotericins, candicidin and nystatin by means of
      mutation.
AB  - A novel mutant strain designated as Streptomyces nodosus, NDMC-034 was selected
      from the mutation of Streptomyces nodosus, IMRU 3694. This mutant was
      characterized by delayed sporulation, the incapability of producing the melanoid
      pigment either in the production medium or on YD agar containing 1% yeast extract
      and 1% dextrose, and the increased yield of amphotericin A as compared to its
      parent strain. In addition, the biosynthesis of amphotericin A by this mutant
      seems to be sensitive to temperature. When the incubation temperature was raised
      to 32 degrees C, the yield of amphotericin A was dramatically decreased; in
      contrast, the yield of amphotericin B was greatly increased as compared to that
      at 28 degrees C. Another unique mutant strain designated as Streptomyces griseus,
      YT-1 was selected from the mutation of Streptomyces griseus, IMRU 3570. It was
      characterized by the incapability of synthesizing candicidin and the delayed
      sporulation. All the mutants were auxanographed and characterized by the
      requirement for growth factor.

PMID- 6443787
TI  - Simulatory hypothyroidism pituitary function in vitro: dynamics of TSH release
      after TRH stimulation in perifused rat hemipituitaries.
AB  - The production of immunoreactive TSH by hemipituitaries (Hps) to the stimulation
      of TRH in perifusion with negligible influence of the feedback of secretogogues
      and hormones was analysed. The stimulations were of long term continuous (3 hrs)
      and short term (15 min), with the dose levels of 1, 10 and 100 ng per ml of
      medium (for 3 hrs) or in 2 ml (for 15 min). The largest amount in production and
      the fastest rate in release of TSH found in present report is at 10 ng level.
      Only total TSH, in tissue plus in medium, after continuous TRH stimulation were
      dose-related, but not in release alone. We present herein an analysis of
      pituitary TSH production, in a perifusion system under steady TRH stimulation.
      This arrangement is believed to be a condition simulating hypothyroidism in
      pituitary level and suitable for study of the functions of the pituitary with
      hyperactivated thyrotrophs.

PMID- 6443788
TI  - Comparison of nitrosocarbaryl and carbaryl: in vitro effects on hepatic
      microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, epoxide
      hydrolase and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase.
AB  - The Comparative effects of nitrosocarbaryl and carbaryl on rat hepatic microsomal
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, epoxide hydrolase and
      cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase in vitro was investigated. The effects of
      nitrosocarbaryl on these hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme systems differ markedly
      (P less than 0.05) from carbaryl. Nitrosocarbaryl was more potent and had much
      higher inhibitory effect than carbaryl on microsomal aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, epoxide hydrolase and cytosolic
      glutathione-S-transferase. Inhibition of these enzyme systems by nitrosocarbaryl
      was dose-dependent. In microsomes, nitrosocarbaryl showed a significant (P less
      than 0.001) inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and aminopyrine N
      demethylase as compared with the control when the concentration of
      nitrosocarbaryl added was above 1 X 10(-5) M. The I50 values were 1.8 X 10(-5) M
      and 3.5 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Nitrosocarbaryl inhibited epoxide hydrolase
      activity gradually up to 18% at the range of concentration studied (1.3 X 10(-3)
      M - 1.2 X 10(-2) M) and showed a significant (P less than 0.001) inhibition at
      the concentration of 1.2 X 10(-2) M. Nitrosocarbaryl at concentrations above 1.6
      X 10(-4) M showed a significant (P less than 0.001) inhibition of cytosolic
      glutathione-S-transferase activity with an I50 value of 3.8 X 10(-4) M. By
      Contrast, carbaryl failed to inhibit aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase at
      concentrations below 3 X 10(-4) M. The pesticide inhibited the enzyme activity
      only by 20% at the maximum concentration studied (6 X 10(-4) M).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6443789
TI  - Screening for beta lactamase production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a small
      laboratory.

PMID- 6443790
TI  - Home study program. Total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6443792
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition. Nursing implications.

PMID- 6443791
TI  - Malnutrition. Reversing the trend in the surgical patient.

PMID- 6443793
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of nervous system antigens: diagnostic applications in
      surgical neuropathology.
AB  - Immunohistochemical localization of nervous system antigens is becoming an
      increasingly useful tool in the diagnosis of neuropathologic lesions. Use of
      antigen markers specific for certain cell types, when properly employed, can
      confirm suspected diagnoses or solve difficult differential diagnoses. Presently
      the most useful markers are the glial antigens, glial fibrillary acid protein and
      S-100 protein, but a number of other markers, such as neurofilament proteins and
      neuron-specific enolase, have shown some diagnostic utility.

PMID- 6443794
TI  - Zinc chelation and mullerian duct regression.
AB  - After observing that zinc chelation by EDTA (ethyldiamine tetraacetic acid)
      mimics Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)-induced regression of the Mullerian
      duct, a detailed morphological study of the effects of EDTA on the Mullerian duct
      was undertaken. Urogenital ridges from the 14-day-old fetal rat were incubated in
      medium containing EDTA for 14, 24, 38, 48, 62, and 72 hours. The tissues were
      then processed for light and electron microscopy and stained with antibodies to
      laminin, fibronectin, heparan sulfate, and type-IV collagen. EDTA simulates the
      regression produced by endogenous MIS, producing early loss of basement membrane
      integrity, loss of epithelial cell polarity and organization, and loss of
      recognizable duct integrity by 72 hours. Like MIS, EDTA has no effect on the
      Wolffian duct. In contrast to MIS-treated Mullerian ducts, however, those
      incubated with EDTA showed a different sequence of disappearance of basement
      membrane components, absence of the specific periductal mesenchymal condensation
      seen with MIS, and absence of epithelial cell migration into the mesenchyme. Zinc
      chelation may be part of a series of mechanistic steps involved in Mullerian duct
      regression.

PMID- 6443795
TI  - Concerted evolution of the immunoglobulin VH gene family.
AB  - With the aim of understanding the concerted evolution of the immunoglobulin VH
      multigene family, a phylogenetic tree for the DNA sequences of 16 mouse and five
      human germ line genes was constructed. This tree indicates that all genes in this
      family have undergone substantial evolutionary divergence. The most closely
      related genes so far identified in the mouse genome seem to have diverged about 6
      million years (MY) ago, whereas the most distantly related genes diverged about
      300 MY ago. This suggests that gene duplication caused by unequal crossing-over
      or gene conversion occurs very slowly in this gene family. The rate of occurrence
      of gene duplication in the VH gene family has been estimated to be 5 x 10(-7) per
      gene per year, which seems to be at least about 100 times lower than that for the
      rRNA gene family. This low rate of concerted evolution in the VH gene family
      helps retain intergenic genetic variability that in turn contributes to antibody
      diversity. Because of accumulation of destructive mutations, however, about one
      third of the mouse and human VH genes seem to have become nonfunctional. Many of
      these pseudogenes have apparently originated recently, but some of them seem to
      have existed in the genome for more than 10 MY. The rate of nucleotide
      substitution for the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) is as high as
      that of pseudogenes. This suggests that there is virtually no purifying selection
      operating in the CDRs and that germ line mutations are effectively used for
      generating antibody diversity.

PMID- 6443796
TI  - Kappa-chain constant-region gene sequences in genus Rattus: coding regions are
      diverging more rapidly than noncoding regions.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 1,200-base pair (bp) genomic
      fragment that includes the kappa-chain constant-region gene (C kappa) from two
      species of native Australian rodents, Rattus leucopus cooktownensis and Rattus
      colletti. Comparison of these sequences with each other and with other rodent C
      kappa genes shows three surprising features. First, the coding regions are
      diverging at a rate severalfold higher than that of the nearby noncoding regions.
      Second, replacement changes within the coding region are accumulating at a rate
      at least as great as that of silent changes. Third, most of the amino acid
      replacements are localized in one region of the C kappa domain--namely, the
      carboxy-terminal "bends" in the alpha-carbon backbone. These three features have
      previously been described from comparisons of the two allelic forms of C kappa
      genes in R. norvegicus. These data imply the existence of considerable
      evolutionary constraints on the noncoding regions (based on as yet undetermined
      functions) or powerful positive selection to diversify a portion of the constant
      region domain (whose physiological significance is not known). These surprising
      features of C kappa evolution appear to be characteristic only of closely related
      C kappa genes, since comparison of rodent with human sequences shows the expected
      greater conservation of coding regions, as well as a predominance of silent
      nucleotide substitutions within the coding regions.

PMID- 6443797
TI  - Guinea pig inoculation versus culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

PMID- 6443798
TI  - Conversion of percentage depth doses for photon beams from one SSD to another and
      calculation of TAR, TMR and TPR.

PMID- 6443799
TI  - The variation of percentage depth dose and scatter factor with beam quality.

PMID- 6443800
TI  - The normalised peak scatter factor and normalised scatter functions for high
      energy photon beams.

PMID- 6443802
TI  - Electron beams.

PMID- 6443801
TI  - X rays: 2-43 MV.

PMID- 6443803
TI  - Fast neutron beams.

PMID- 6443804
TI  - Biological time-related changes in tolerance of male mice to hypoxia--II.
      Circadian rhythm of lysosomal susceptibility to hypoxia.
AB  - Circadian variations of mouse liver, brain and heart lysosomal susceptibility to
      hypoxia were investigated. Lysosomal disruption during hypoxia was estimated on
      the basis of the following measurements: changes in percentage free activity of
      beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase, tissue loss of both lysosomal enzymes
      and accumulation of serum beta-galactosidase. When exposure to hypoxia took place
      at the end of the rest phase or at the beginning of the active phase, it was
      accompanied by maximum increase of percent free activity. This, presumably
      represents a diffusion of enzymes from lysosomes due to altered membrane
      permeability. However, hypoxia when occurring during the second part of the
      active phase and first part of the rest phase resulted in tissues loss of
      lysosomal enzymes and accumulation of serum lysosomal enzymes. This is believed
      to represent the release of lysosomal enzymes in bulk from damaged or ruptured
      lysosomal membranes.

PMID- 6443805
TI  - Chronobiological studies on the hypotensive effect of prostaglandin E2 and
      arachidonic acid in the rat.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine whether biological rhythm variations
      could be detected in the hypotensive action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and
      arachidonic acid (AA) in normal rats. Doses of 1.0 microgram kg-1 of PGE2 or 0.5
      mg kg-1 of AA were administered to pentobarbital-anesthetized rats at 6 times of
      the day. Maximal reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressures was obtained
      when PGE2 or AA were administered to rats between 0930 and 1200. The lowest falls
      in blood pressure were found when the same doses of the two substances were
      injected between 0300 and 0500. Mechanisms to explain these circadian variations
      are suggested.

PMID- 6443807
TI  - [A study on healing progress of traumatic lesion].

PMID- 6443806
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium of 4-methyl-3-R-thiazolone-2-hydrazone derivatives. V.
      Ionization constants of 4-methyl-R-thiazolidene-2 and beta-methyl-beta-(4
      methylthiazolyl-2)hydrazides of acetic and benzoic acids].

PMID- 6443808
TI  - Chlorpropamide-induced hyponatremia: incidence and risk factors.
AB  - The incidence and risk factors of chlorpropamide-induced hyponatremia were
      assessed in diabetic outpatients. In 176 chlorpropamide-treated patients, 11
      (6.3%) exhibited hyponatremia (serum sodium less than or equal to 129 meq/L)
      during the mean follow-up period of 7.4 yr. In contrast, only one (0.6%)
      developed hyponatremia in 162 tolbutamide- or glibenclamide-treated patients (P
      less than 0.005). Moreover, administration to elderly patients and combination
      with thiazide diuretics were regarded as significantly potent risk factors for
      the development of hyponatremia in patients receiving chlorpropamide.

PMID- 6443809
TI  - Phagocytotic activity of monocytes from diabetic patients.
AB  - The phagocytotic activity of monocytes from diabetic patients and healthy
      controls was studied. It was found that the number of phagocytizing cells from
      diabetic patients was significantly reduced in comparison with that from control
      individuals. However, the number of bacteria phagocytized per cell was similar in
      both groups. Plasma from healthy controls added to diabetic monocytes did not
      cause any significant change in their phagocytotic capacity. Addition of insulin
      to the plasma of diabetic patients failed to alter the number of phagocytizing
      diabetic monocytes. Similarly, addition of glucose to control plasma did not
      affect the number of control monocytes capable of phagocytosis. Protein synthesis
      was increased during phagocytosis in both control and diabetic cells. The
      importance of monocytes in the defense mechanism of the organism is discussed.

PMID- 6443810
TI  - [Effect of dopamine and haloperidol on the exocrine function of the rat pancreas
      in vivo].

PMID- 6443811
TI  - [Changes in the thiol group levels in human atheromatous and aged aortas].

PMID- 6443812
TI  - [Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the myocardium of
      rats on atherogenic diet].

PMID- 6443813
TI  - [The role of cathepsin D in inactivation of platelet factor 4 and the platelet
      fibrin stabilizing factor].

PMID- 6443815
TI  - [Effect of the methods of levamisole administration on selected elements of
      cellular immunity in guinea pigs].

PMID- 6443814
TI  - Influence of ethanol and acetaldehyde on blood coagulation (examinations in
      vitro).

PMID- 6443816
TI  - [Immunological response of the delayed type in acute cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 6443817
TI  - [Evaluation of cellular immunity in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders
      based on the results of skin test with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene].

PMID- 6443818
TI  - [Coccobacteria-bacilliform bacteria ratio in the bacterioplankton of river waters
      of varying degree of pollution].

PMID- 6443819
TI  - [Effect of river water pollution on the presence of bacteria].

PMID- 6443820
TI  - [Studies of carotenoids in the cells of Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 6443821
TI  - [Incidence of anemia in pregnancy and the condition of newborn infants born to
      women working in industrial plants in Bialystok].

PMID- 6443823
TI  - Preference for individual digits in a railway time-table.

PMID- 6443822
TI  - [Condition of newborn infants born to mothers with anemia in pregnancy].

PMID- 6443824
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure
      in dogs with experimental endotoxic shock].

PMID- 6443825
TI  - Susceptibility of different types of collagen to the action of cathepsin D.

PMID- 6443826
TI  - [Effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the activity and release of cathepsins
      from lysosomes of the canine liver (studies in vitro)].

PMID- 6443827
TI  - [Study of aquatic fungi. II. Aquatic fungi of the river Narew from Suraz to
      Tykocin and in the mouths of the rivers Turoslanka and Suprasl in different
      environments].

PMID- 6443828
TI  - [Use of affinity chromatography for purification of adenosine deaminase from the
      thyroid gland of swine].

PMID- 6443829
TI  - [Autoradiographic and histochemical studies of the effect of verrucarin I on the
      cells of Ehrlich ascites tumor in different phases of the cell cycle].

PMID- 6443830
TI  - [Trials of cheese-making using concentrated bacterial starters].
AB  - Studies about cheese preparation with frozen and concentrated bacterial starters
      have been carried out. The Pategras cheeses were obtained from raw milk. The
      starters were prepared with a selected strain of Streptococcus lactis,
      concentrated until reaching a value of 3.10(9) colony forming units/ml and
      resuspended in milk previously supplemented with 8% of yeast extract. These
      concentrates were frozen at -40 degrees C and kept at -20 degrees C for 60 days.
      Three kinds of starters were tested: one thawed by placing the flask in a 40
      degrees C water bath, another added to the cheese vat without previous thawing
      and a control sample prepared in steamed reconstituted milk. In order to evaluate
      the convenience of each technique several chemical and microbiological analysis
      were performed during the preparation (Table 1 and 2) and the ripening of the
      cheese (Table 3). The results have showed that the direct use of thawed frozen
      concentrates in the cheese vat allows the obtaining of high quality cheese. On
      the other hand, the technique based on thawing through a water bath did not lead
      to good results.

PMID- 6443831
TI  - [Methodology for the preparation and analysis of plasmids from a large number of
      bacterial strains].

PMID- 6443832
TI  - [Selection of bacterial strains for the production of threonine].
AB  - The production of L-threonine in submerged culture was studied in the following
      bacterial strains; Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 21269, Corynebacterium
      acetoacidophilum ATCC 21270, Escherichia coli ATCC 21149, E. coli NRRL 12098, E.
      coli NRRL 12099 and E. coli NRRL 12100. Erlenmeyer flasks with different
      volumetric relations liquid/recipient, were used to study the influence of the
      volumetric oxygen transfer rate. B. flavum reached levels of threonine of 0.72
      g/l at 96 hours of culture with a volumetric relation liquid/recipient of 1:5.
      With a relation 1:25 the maximal level was reached at 48 hours (0.60 g/l of
      threonine) (Table 1). In addition to threonine this strain accumulated in the
      culture media glutamic acid (+/- 2 g/l), alanine or glycine and proline. With E.
      coli ATCC 21149 the aeration favored the production of threonine reaching levels
      of 0.38 g/l in six day cultures with valine and alanine at levels approximate to
      2 g/l. Excepting C. acetoacidophilum, all the strains produced threonine at
      levels of 0.30 to 3.55 g/l (Table 5). E. coli NRRL 12098 and E. coli NRRL 12100
      produced only threonine, the culture medium being free from other aminoacids.
      With E. coli NRRL 12098 levels of 2 g/l were attained but the production was
      restricted to the presence of yeast extract in the media (Table 2). E. coli NRRL
      12100 was the best strain and the inoculum media influenced the production (Table
      3) and the best threonine levels were reached in the best aeration conditions
      assayed (Table 4) with 3.55 g/l for volumetric relations 1:10 and 1.25 g/l for
      1:5.

PMID- 6443833
TI  - [Poisoning in cattle caused by blue-green algae].
AB  - This paper describes a case of poisoning by blue-green algae growing in a fresh
      water pond in Goyena, Provincia de Buenos Aires. The predominating algae were
      identified as Microcystis aeruginosa. They show an intense growth when certain
      meteorologic condition prevail, in coincidence with certain chemical
      characteristics of the water. Once this growth has occurred, the direction of the
      wind has a decisive role, because it determines the accumulation on the shore,
      increasing their concentration and consequently, the risk of poisonous action.
      From a total of 170 cows, 72 died after ingestion of algae in a lapse of 24
      hours. Death was very sudden so that symptoms could be observed in only 10
      animals: diarrhea, incoordination, excitability, dyspnea and death. The gross
      lesions observed were: full stomachs showing the presence of algae; a serum-blood
      collection in the abdominal cavity and congestive intestines. Histopathology
      showed nephrosis and probable hepatic centrolobular necrosis. Water toxicity was
      tested on laboratory animals and gave positive results. The gross lesions, the
      histological changes and the laboratory tests, confirm the toxicity of the water
      in the pond. Toxin detection in the digestive content of the poisoned animals has
      not been previously mentioned in the literature; it is a very valuable diagnostic
      method.

PMID- 6443834
TI  - Plasma exchange therapy in acute renal failure due to multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6443835
TI  - Treatment of intra-heptic cholestasis in primary biliary cirrhosis by long term
      plasmapheresis.
AB  - Two female patients with grade IV primary biliary cirrhosis, untractable
      pruritus, arthralgias and xanthomatous neuropathy in one case, underwent long
      term plasmapheresis for 30 months (on a continuous centrifugation cell separator)
      and 18 months (on capillary plasma filters). Plasma exchange were performed
      monthly and substitution achieved by diluted human serum albumin. No major side
      effect occurred. Pruritus, arthralgias and xanthomatous neuropathy greatly
      improved or even disappeared. The plasma levels of transaminases, albumin,
      globulin and clotting factors were stable, alkaline phosphatases slightly
      diminished. Bilirubin, after an initial fall at 6 months, increased again.
      Cholesterol stabilized at near normal values. Bile acids blood levels decreased
      in both cases.

PMID- 6443836
TI  - Removal and recovery rate of paraproteins by plasma exchange.

PMID- 6443837
TI  - Respiratory response and acid base balance during acetate (AD), bicarbonate (BD)
      and acetate + CO2 (ADCO2) dialysis.

PMID- 6443839
TI  - "Oxygenator on bypass": a controlling device for studying the respiratory
      feedback system.

PMID- 6443838
TI  - Facilitated CO2 and O2 transfer during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6443840
TI  - Extracorporeal CO2 removal by alkaline dialysis in sheep.

PMID- 6443841
TI  - Microcomputer assisted assessment of CO2 rebreathing during anaesthesia with
      coaxial system.

PMID- 6443842
TI  - A vortex-mixing membrane lung for open-heart surgery or for prolonged respiratory
      support.

PMID- 6443843
TI  - [Evaluation of the nature of changes of developing bone marrow neutrophils in
      albino rats in carbaryl poisoning. I].

PMID- 6443844
TI  - [Evaluation of the nature of changes of developing bone marrow neutrophils in
      albino rats in carbamyl poisoning. II].

PMID- 6443845
TI  - [Chromatographic analysis of DANS- and DABS-derived various non-protein amino
      acids].

PMID- 6443846
TI  - [Primary renal tubular acidosis in an atreptic infant].

PMID- 6443847
TI  - Interaction of the extracellular slime of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with antibody
      and complement (C).

PMID- 6443848
TI  - [The efficacy of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and coagglutination in detecting
      bacterial antigens in meningitis].

PMID- 6443849
TI  - Preparation of liposomes containing factor VIII for oral treatment of
      haemophilia.
AB  - Different types of liposomes composed of a variety of lipids have been compared
      for their ability to incorporate Factor VIII, with a view to attempting oral
      therapy of haemophilia. Reverse evaporation liposomes (REV) composed of
      unsaturated phospholipids, allowed adequate levels of entrapment for
      administration to haemophilic dogs, but failed to promote entry of Factor VIII
      into the vasculature, possibly due to liposome breakdown and denaturation of
      Factor VIII within the gastrointestinal tract. A novel technique was therefore
      developed which made possible high-yield entrapment of Factor VIII in much more
      stable liposomes based on the saturated phospholipid, distearoyl
      phosphatidylcholine. This new technique has a number of other important features
      which make it an attractive method for the incorporation of a wide range of
      materials into liposomes.

PMID- 6443851
TI  - Siemens PCO2 Gas Analyser.

PMID- 6443850
TI  - Toxicity and association of polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles with hepatocytes.
AB  - The degradation of polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBC) and polyhexylcyanoacrylate (PHC)
      nanoparticles, together with their association with and toxicity towards isolated
      hepatocytes, were determined. Nanoparticles were not taken up by rat hepatocytes
      at a significant level. The LD50S of PBC and PHC nanoparticles towards
      hepatocytes were 0.4 mg/2 x 10(6) cells and greater than 1 mg/2 x 10(6) cells
      respectively. This hepatocyte toxicity cannot be attributed solely to the
      formaldehyde formed during degradation.

PMID- 6443852
TI  - Expression of HLA-DR by a human monocyte cell line is under transcriptional
      control.
AB  - Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of Ia molecules by
      macrophages is not constitutive but can be enhanced by soluble factors from
      activated T cells. This induced expression of Ia appears to be causally important
      in certain accessory functions such as antigen presentation. While the phenomenon
      of Ia induction is clear, the mechanism by which this occurs has not been
      determined. Therefore, experiments were designed to investigate the molecular
      events leading to expression of the human Ia molecule, HLA-DR. To accomplish
      this, the human monocytoid cell line U 937, which does not express any detectable
      HLA-DR molecules were used. Utilizing a cDNA probe for the alpha chain of HLA-DR
      and total cellular RNA, it could be demonstrated that resting U 937 lacked
      detectable HLA-DR transcripts. Digestion of genomic DNA from U 937 with the
      isoschizomers Msp I and Hpa II followed by analysis of the restriction fragments
      on Southern blots demonstrated the HLA-DR alpha chain genes to be methylated.
      Addition of 5-azacytidine, an analogue of cytidine which causes hypomethylation
      of DNA to U 937 caused hypomethylation of HLA-DR alpha chain genes but did not,
      by itself, lend to the appearance of HLA-DR molecules or transcripts. However,
      treatment of U 937 with 5-azacytidine followed by addition of either culture
      fluids from activated T cells or human recombinant gamma interferon did lead to
      the rapid appearance of abundant, mature HLA-DR transcripts and surface HLA-DR
      molecules. The results of these studies provide the first demonstration that
      methylation plays a role in the expression of human Ir genes and that induced
      expression of Ia molecules by soluble factors from T cells, including gamma
      interferon, is accompanied by the rapid appearance of Ir gene transcripts.

PMID- 6443853
TI  - Interaction between genes of chromosome 12 and I-region genes in the control of
      the arsonate-specific T cell repertoire.
AB  - The T lymphocyte repertoire consists of clones recognizing foreign antigens
      together with self histocompatibility molecules. Diversification of the receptor
      is believed to arise by somatic mechanisms during ontogeny. MHC gene products are
      essential for this process as well as for antigen recognition and expression of T
      cell functions. Yet, the antigen-specific T cell receptor is not encoded by MHC
      genes. Little is still known concerning the nature and the genetic origin of this
      receptor despite numerous experimental approaches. Although the T cell repertoire
      is mainly determined, in a single individual, by the alleles expressed at the MHC
      locus, one can postulate that it could also be influenced by the existence of
      alleles of the germ line gene(s) encoding the T cell receptor. If so, an analysis
      of the T cell fine specificity in mice of the same H-2 haplotype with different
      background genes might permit the mapping of the genes coding for this receptor.
      Such an experimental approach requires the use of an antigen consisting of only
      one major determinant. Several recent observations suggested to us that the
      hapten p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) was a suitable model for such investigations.
      Thus, we decided to compare the specific pattern of responses to ABA-tyrosine,
      ABA-histidine and to free ABA in different inbred mouse strains. We report here
      that the lymph node T cell proliferative response to these molecules is under the
      control of an ABA-specific Ir gene. The ABA-Tyr conjugate is the most potent
      immunogen of the three in vivo as well as in vitro. High responder strains to ABA
      His or ABA are included in the group of high responders to ABA-Tyr suggesting
      that the response to the three molecules is under the control of the same Ir
      gene. The pattern of the response is also influenced by background gene(s). One
      of these can be localized on chromosome 12 using congenic mice. No close linkage
      to IgCH markers or VH idiotypes can be demonstrated but a linkage of this gene(s)
      to the Pre-1 locus seems possible. B lymphocytes do not seem to account for the
      involvement of Chr.12-genes in the response since; in our experimental system,
      they do not present ABA to T cells nor do they proliferate in the assays.
      Similarly, ABA-Tyr-antibody complexes do not enhance macrophages presentation of
      ABA to T cells, which supports the conclusion that IgCH or VH gene products are
      not involved in the control of the response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6443854
TI  - Lymphoid cell lines from patients with "non-secretory" agammaglobulinemia produce
      glycosylated heavy chains which are reduced in molecular weight.
AB  - B lymphocytes from patients with "non-secretory" agammaglobulinemia synthesize
      but do not secrete Ig. A previous study attributed this secretion failure to a
      failure of the cells to glycosylate Ig. We examined four B cell lines from three
      patients with "non-secretory" agammaglobulinemia as a model of this disease. All
      four cell lines synthesized IgG or IgM in quantities comparable to that produced
      by normal cell lines, but failed to secrete Ig of either isotype. Molecular
      weight determination in SDS-polyacrylamide slab gels showed that the heavy chains
      produced by these cell lines were reduced in size compared to normal: gamma of
      49,000 daltons and mu of 59,000 daltons (compared to 55,000 and 68,000 daltons
      for normal, respectively). Radioactive precursors of the Ig carbohydrate moiety
      were specifically incorporated into these Ig molecules, suggesting that the
      reduction in size was not due to failure to glycosylate the Ig. Tunicamycin
      treatment of the B cell lines resulted in an apparent reduction in size of these
      already small heavy chains, confirming that the observed reduction in size was
      not due to the absence of carbohydrate from the Ig molecules. Electrophoresis of
      cellular IgG and IgM under nonreducing conditions indicated that the molecules
      were incompletely assembled, lacking disulfide bridging between H (both gamma and
      mu) chains and L chains. The discrepancy in incorporation of carbohydrate between
      our studies with "non-secretory" B cell lines and a previous study of "non
      secretory" lymphocytes in short term culture led us to reexamine Ig glycosylation
      in short term cultures. We found that mitogenically stimulated lymphocytes from
      three patients incorporated radioactive carbohydrate precursors into Ig. These
      results indicate that the failure of "non-secretory" B cells to secrete Ig is not
      secondary to a failure of glycosylation, either in short term cultures of B
      lymphocytes or in B cell lines. Rather, our studies of "non-secretory" B cell
      lines suggest that there is a polypeptide deletion of the gamma and mu heavy
      chains, indicated by reduced molecular weight, incomplete assembly of H and L
      chains, with consequent failure to be secreted, resulting in "non-secretory"
      agammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 6443855
TI  - [Obtaining beta-galactosidase using whey].
AB  - The search of a microorganism with the ability to produce the enzyme beta
      galactosidase was undertaken according with the requirements of the market, in
      economical, technological and sanitary terms. The process consisted of recovery
      and use of the effluent from milk and cheese used to feed pigs, producing at the
      same time different types of contamination; once investigated and adjusted the
      technological variables to produce the enzyme, and selected the most convenient
      microorganism for such purpose the acting upon the extraction, conservation and
      purification of the product were adjusted. Comparative results of conversion were
      obtained with different test, at laboratory scale and industrial plants, in
      similar conditions to those obtained with importation products.

PMID- 6443856
TI  - Structural and functional analyses of Drosophila melanogaster actin genes.

PMID- 6443857
TI  - [A study of the possibility of conjugated transmission of the RP4 plasmid from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa by strains of Pseudomonas mallei and Pseudomonas
      pseudomallei].

PMID- 6443858
TI  - [Isolation of Streptomyces griseus mutants by blocking streptomycin synthesis and
      research on their proteolytic activity].

PMID- 6443859
TI  - [Genetic recombination and chromosome mapping of Streptomyces griseus 773].

PMID- 6443860
TI  - [The products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of casein and elastin by Bacillus
      subtilis protease].

PMID- 6443861
TI  - [Effect of the conditions for preserving a Bacillus subtilis 21/3 culture on its
      destructive activity].

PMID- 6443862
TI  - [Determination of macroglobulin antibodies by the methods of treating the blood
      sera with 2-mercaptoethanol and Staphylococcus aureus protein A].

PMID- 6443863
TI  - [Comparative study of the protective properties of native and sorbed Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa anatoxins].

PMID- 6443864
TI  - [The effect of gamma-radiation, nitrosoguanidine and mitomycin C on UVS+ and UVS
      strains of Streptomyces olivaceus VKX].

PMID- 6443865
TI  - [Experimental study of the host immune response to one-time administration of
      heterologous antigen and Ukuniemi virus].

PMID- 6443866
TI  - [Dynamics of Salmonella dying off in river water].

PMID- 6443867
TI  - [The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on the delayed type hypersensitivity
      reaction in mice].

PMID- 6443868
TI  - [Change in the cellular immune response under the influence of
      lipopolysaccharides].

PMID- 6443869
TI  - [Invasive and cytotoxic properties of bacteria of the destructive genus
      Pseudomonas].

PMID- 6443870
TI  - [Sensitivity of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics and
      chemotherapeutic agents].

PMID- 6443871
TI  - [Regulation of the biosynthesis of metapyrocatechase 1 and metapyrocatechase 2 in
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2x].

PMID- 6443872
TI  - [The problem of specific prevention of modern tuberculosis].

PMID- 6443873
TI  - [Extradiol cleavage of 2-aminophenol by pyrocatechase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      2X].

PMID- 6443874
TI  - [On the 100th anniversary of L. S. Tsenkovskii's development of the method of
      producing an attenuated vaccine against anthrax].

PMID- 6443875
TI  - Stereoselective covalent binding of anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide to DNA
      conformation of enantiomer adducts.
AB  - The conformation of adducts derived from the reactions and covalent binding of
      the (+) and (-) enantiomers of 7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy
      7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (anti-BaPDE) with double-stranded calf thymus
      DNA in vitro were investigated utilizing the electric linear dichroism technique.
      The linear dichroism and absorption spectra of the covalent DNA complexes are
      interpreted in terms of a superposition of two types of binding sites. One of
      these conformations (site I) is a complex in which the plane of the pyrene
      residue is close to parallel (within 30 degrees) to the planes of the DNA bases
      (quasi-intercalation), while the other (site II) is an external binding site;
      this latter type of adduct is attributed to the covalent binding of anti-BaPDE to
      the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanine (N2-dG), while site I adducts are
      attributed to the O6-deoxyguanine and N6-deoxyadenine adducts identified in the
      product analysis of P. Brookes and M.R. Osborne (Carcinogenesis (1982) 3, 1223
      1226). Site II adducts are dominant (approximately 90% in the covalent complexes
      derived from the (+) enantiomer), but account for only 50 +/- 5% of the adducts
      in the case of the (-)-enantiomer. The orientation of site II complexes is
      different by 20 +/- 10 degrees in the adducts derived from the binding of the (+)
      and the (-) enantiomers to DNA, the long axis of the pyrene chromophore being
      oriented more parallel to the axis of the DNA helix in the case of the (+)
      enantiomer. These findings support the proposals by Brookes and Osborne that the
      difference in spatial orientation of the N2-dG adducts of (-)-anti-BaPDE together
      with their lower abundance may account for the lower biological activity of the (
      ) enantiomer. The external site II adducts, rather than site I adducts, appear to
      be correlated with the biological activity of these compounds.

PMID- 6443876
TI  - [Present possibilities in the treatment of hemophilia with the available
      inhibitors].

PMID- 6443877
TI  - [Prognostic value of primary cerebrospinal fluid acidosis in cerebrovascular
      insult].

PMID- 6443878
TI  - Computer modelling studies of the covalent interactions between DNA and the
      enantiomers of anti-7,8-diol,9,10-epoxy-benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - The molecular structures of adducts between the + and - enantiomers of 7,8-diol
      9,10-epoxy benzo[a]pyrene and a double-stranded model for DNA, have been examined
      by empirical energy calculations. Low-energy structures were only obtained for A
      form, and not B form DNA. Both + and - adducts are of approximately equal energy.
      Some structural differences in the orientation of the BP chromophore in the two
      adducts were found.

PMID- 6443879
TI  - Interactions of molecules with nucleic acids. X. Covalent intercalative binding
      of the carcinogenic BPDE I(+) to kinked DNA.
AB  - A theoretical model is proposed for the covalent binding of (+) 7 beta,8 alpha
      dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene denoted by
      BPDE I(+), to N2 on guanine. The DNA must kink a minimum of 39 degrees to allow
      proper hybrid configurations about the C10 and N2 atoms involved in bond
      formation and to allow stacking of the pyrene moiety with the non-bonded adjacent
      base pair. Conservative (same sugar puckers and glycosidic angles as in B-DNA)
      and non-conservative (alternating sugar puckers as in intercalation sites)
      conformations are found and they are proposed structures in pathways connecting B
      DNA, an intercalation site, and a kink site in the formation of a covalently
      intercalative bound adduct of BPDE I(+) to N2 on guanine. Stereographic
      projections are presented for (3') and (5') binding in the DNA. Experimental data
      for bending of DNA by BPDE, orientation of BPDE in DNA and unwinding of
      superhelical DNA is explained. The structure of a covalent intercalative complex
      is predicted to result from the reaction. Also, an anti----syn transition of
      guanine results in a structure which allows the DNA to resume its overall B-form.
      The only change is that guanine has been rotated by 200 degrees about its
      glycosidic bond so that the BPDE I(+) is bound in the major groove. The latter
      step may allow the DNA to be stored with an adduct which may produce an error in
      the genetic code.

PMID- 6443880
TI  - A conformational analysis of the (+) anti BPDE adduct to the guanine amino group
      of dCpdG.
AB  - The (+) anti isomer of benz[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), 7 beta, 8 alpha
      dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenz [a] pyrene has been
      identified as the probable tumorigenic lesion in mammalian systems. It forms a
      predominant adduct with DNA at N2 of guanine. In order to elucidate its
      conformation in atomic resolution detail, minimized conformational potential
      energy calculations were performed for the adduct with dCpdG. A global
      conformation search involving about 1000 trials was made. The lowest energy
      conformation had stacking between the hydrocarbon and the adjacent cytidine, in
      agreement with CD studies on modified GpU and UpG. This conformer differed from
      the B form most notably in the guanine glycosidic torsion, which is high anti.
      The next lowest energy form had torsion angles like the B form, with guanine
      cytidine stacking. These two conformers differ in energy by only 2.1 kcal./mole,
      suggesting that their relative stability could easily be reversed in larger
      polymers, or under specific environmental conditions. Other conformations, with
      base-hydrocarbon or base-base stacking are also found, at somewhat higher
      energies. The Z form is at 7.8 kcal./mole. Thus, this adduct stabilizes the B
      form, in contrast with the N2 linked AAF adduct, which stabilizes the Z
      conformation.

PMID- 6443881
TI  - Linear dichroism studies of conformations of carcinogen-DNA adducts application
      to covalent complexes derived from the reactions of the two enantiomers of 9,10
      epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo(e)pyrene with DNA.
AB  - The conformations of the adducts derived from the covalent binding of the two
      enantiomeric forms of 9,10-epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo(e)pyrene (BePE) with
      native DNA were investigated by the electric linear dichroism technique. Both
      enantiomers give rise to two major adducts, one of which appears to be a quasi
      intercalative site (I) while the other one is an external binding site (II).
      While the overall linear dichroism spectra are similar, in the case of the (-)
      enantiomer there is a greater contribution of site II adducts. These results are
      markedly different from the ones obtained with the two enantiomers of anti
      benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BaPDE), where the (+) enantiomer gives rise
      almost exclusively to site II binding, while the (-) enantiomer gives rise to
      both site I and site II covalent binding. The differences in the heterogeneity of
      binding between BePE and anti-BaPDE enantiomers may be due to the absence of
      hydroxyl groups in BePE which, in the case of BaPDE, are an important factor in
      determining the stereoselective properties of the covalent binding to double
      stranded DNA.

PMID- 6443882
TI  - Intercalative DNA binding of model compounds derived from metabolites of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - The DNA binding of nonreactive model compounds of metabolites of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA)1 was studied in fluorescence quenching and
      fluorescence lifetime experiments. The model compounds examined were DMA and
      8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-BA. DMA is a pi electron model of a highly carcinogenic bay
      region epoxide of DMBA, 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-BA is a model compound of a less
      carcinogenic DMBA epoxide. The results indicate that the binding of DMA occurs
      primarily via intercalation. In 15% methanol the binding constant is 3.1 x 10(3)
      M-1. In 15% methanol and at DNA phosphate levels of 5.0 x 10(-4) M the
      intercalative binding of DMA is reduced by a factor of 6.2 when 5.0 x 10(-4) M
      Mg+2 is added. The DMA binding constant for intercalation is reduced by more than
      a factor of 4 when the methanol content of the solvent is increased from 0% to
      20%. Finally DMA binding arising from pi interactions with the DNA bases is
      reduced more than 15 times when the DNA is denatured. For 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-BA
      in 15% methanol the binding constant for intercalation is 6 times lower than that
      for DMA. These results along with previously reported binding data on other model
      compounds suggest that bay region metabolites of DMBA readily participate in
      physical pi stacking interactions with DNA.

PMID- 6443883
TI  - Apurinic endonuclease activity remains constant during early Drosophila
      development.
AB  - An endonuclease activity that acts on alkali-labile lesions in x-irradiated PM2
      DNA and recognizes apurinic lesions in heat/acid treated DNA has been partially
      purified from Drosophila melanogaster embryos and its specific activity monitored
      throughout early development. The enzyme activity also showed a low level of
      activity on UV-irradiated DNA. The saturation kinetics observed with both x
      irradiated and apurinic PM2 DNA substrates were similar. The endonuclease
      activity exhibited a broad pH optimum between pH 6 and 8.5 and was almost
      completely inhibited by 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM NEM. The
      reaction was not completely dependent on the presence of Mg++cation, but optimum
      activity was obtained at a concentration of 0.1 mM; concentrations greater than 1
      mM Mg++ were inhibitory. The specific activity of the apurinic endonuclease,
      partially purified from several stages of embryonic and early larval development,
      remained the same. Unfertilized eggs exhibited a reduced level of this
      presumptive repair activity.

PMID- 6443884
TI  - Reductive methylation of the lysyl residues in the fd gene 5 DNA-binding protein:
      CD and 13C NMR results on the modified protein.
AB  - The epsilon-amino groups of the six lysyl residues of the fd gene 5 DNA-binding
      protein have been modified by reductive methylation to form N epsilon, N epsilon
      dimethyl lysyl derivatives containing 13C-labeled methyl groups. The alpha-amino
      terminus of the protein was not accessible to methylation. Circular dichroism
      studies show that the modified protein binds to fd DNA, but with a slightly
      reduced affinity compared with that of unmodified gene 5 protein. We also find
      that both the modified and unmodified proteins bind to an oligodeoxynucleotide,
      d(A)7, but in neither case does binding cause a decrease in the 228 nm CD band of
      the protein as occurs when the protein binds to long DNA polymers. 13C NMR
      spectra at 50.1 MHz of [13C]methylated gene 5 protein show five distinct
      resonances between 43.30 and 42.76 ppm originating from the six N epsilon, N
      epsilon-dimethyl lysyl residues. We attribute one of the resonances to two
      solvated lysyl residues and the other four to individual lysyl residues in
      different microenvironments. All four of these latter resonances are affected by
      the binding of d(A)7. However, since two of these resonances are similarly
      affected by the presence of salt in the absence of DNA, only two are uniquely
      affected by DNA binding.

PMID- 6443885
TI  - The role of the central globular domain of histone H5 in chromatin structure.
AB  - Histone H5 contains three tyrosines in the central, apolar region of the
      molecule. All three tyrosines can be spin labeled at low ionic strength. When the
      central globular domain is folded at high ionic strength, only one tyrosine
      becomes accessible to the imidazole spin label. Spin labeling the buried
      tyrosines prevents the folding of the globular structure, which, in turn, affects
      the proper binding of the H5 molecule to stripped chromatin. Chromatin complexes
      reconstituted from such an extensively modified H5 molecule show a weaker
      protection of the 168 base pair chromatosome during nuclease digestion. However,
      when only the surface tyrosine of the H5 molecule is labeled, such a molecule can
      still bind correctly to stripped chromatin, yielding a complex very similar to
      that of native chromatin. Our data supports the idea that not just the presence
      of the linker histone H5, but the presence of an intact H5 molecule with a
      folded, globular central domain in essential in the recognition of its specific
      binding sites on the nucleosomes. Our data also show that during the chromatin
      condensation process, the tumbling environment of the spin label attached to the
      surface tyrosine in the H5 molecule is not greatly hindered but remains partially
      mobile. This suggests that either the labeled domain of the H5 molecule is not
      directly involved in the condensation process or the formation of the higher
      order chromatin structure does not result is a more viscous or tighter
      environment around the spin label. The folded globular domain of H5 molecule
      serves in stabilizing the nucleosome structure, as well as the higher-order
      chromatin structure.

PMID- 6443886
TI  - The efficacy of a three-week stress management unit for high school students.

PMID- 6443887
TI  - Sex education: today's myth--tomorrow's reality.

PMID- 6443888
TI  - Sexual harassment: what role should health educators play?

PMID- 6443889
TI  - Comparisons of attitudes of smoking and nonsmoking teachers toward smoking
      education in schools and the health consequences of smoking.

PMID- 6443890
TI  - Youth helping youth: a behavioral approach to the self-control of smoking.

PMID- 6443892
TI  - Teaching community health at a pioneer cemetery.

PMID- 6443891
TI  - An affordable health behavior change program for employees of a small business.

PMID- 6443893
TI  - The link between health education and death education.

PMID- 6443894
TI  - Nutrition education: how to get students to eat it up!

PMID- 6443895
TI  - Pap tests every three years: cost-effective in the long run?

PMID- 6443896
TI  - Hansen's disease in south Texas.

PMID- 6443898
TI  - Health education and the political system.

PMID- 6443897
TI  - Factors important in teaching controversial issues.

PMID- 6443899
TI  - Marketing: a tool for health education planning.

PMID- 6443900
TI  - Combating racism and sexism in health education: some issues, responsibilities,
      and possibilities.

PMID- 6443901
TI  - Is behavior change a legitimate objective for the health educator?

PMID- 6443902
TI  - Innovators, innovations and implementation: a framework for curricular research
      in school health education.

PMID- 6443903
TI  - Promotion of health education programs.

PMID- 6443904
TI  - School and community health education: a move toward unity.

PMID- 6443905
TI  - Understanding health in old age: a role for the health educator.

PMID- 6443906
TI  - As old as trees.

PMID- 6443907
TI  - Student-staffed health fairs for older adults.

PMID- 6443908
TI  - The DINE microcomputer program: an innovative curricular approach.

PMID- 6443909
TI  - Professional preparation needs of community health educators.

PMID- 6443910
TI  - Ethical issues in school health: a survey.

PMID- 6443911
TI  - Causal attribution and personal responsibility for health and disease.

PMID- 6443912
TI  - Promotion, merit and tenure decisions for college health education faculty.

PMID- 6443913
TI  - Developing a teenage pregnancy program the community will accept.

PMID- 6443914
TI  - Evaluation of the Self-Discovery health curriculum project: a case study.

PMID- 6443915
TI  - Teacher preparation: the key to effective sex education for the mentally
      retarded.

PMID- 6443916
TI  - Health education in the private sector: preparing tomorrow's health management
      personnel.

PMID- 6443917
TI  - Health education, the denial of death, and global well-being.

PMID- 6443918
TI  - Making a hospital tour educational and great PR.

PMID- 6443919
TI  - Acknowledging college students' interests in drug education.

PMID- 6443920
TI  - Creative testing in health education.

PMID- 6443921
TI  - Abortion Attitude Scale.

PMID- 6443922
TI  - Health education and mass communications.

PMID- 6443923
TI  - Professional preparation in employee health education.

PMID- 6443925
TI  - Strategies for improving compliance with health promotion programs in industry.

PMID- 6443924
TI  - Marketing health promotion to industry: eleven questions for health educators to
      ponder.

PMID- 6443926
TI  - Exercise and long-term CV risk reduction in corporate executives.

PMID- 6443927
TI  - Recent developments in the evaluation of school health education.

PMID- 6443928
TI  - Human energy education and transactional analysis.

PMID- 6443929
TI  - Smoking: the inside story.

PMID- 6443930
TI  - The status of health promotion programs at the worksite--a review.

PMID- 6443931
TI  - The puzzle design activity.

PMID- 6443932
TI  - Educating students about obesity: an ounce of prevention, a pound of cure, and a
      ton of prejudice.

PMID- 6443933
TI  - Health promotion in industry: the role of the university.

PMID- 6443934
TI  - Social influence and adolescent smoking: a first look behind the barn.

PMID- 6443935
TI  - Community health education: where we stand today.

PMID- 6443936
TI  - Changing sexual attitudes among university students: a geographic comparison.

PMID- 6443937
TI  - Health skills for life.

PMID- 6443938
TI  - Identification of progressive cocaine abuse among adolescents.

PMID- 6443939
TI  - Resources for historical research.

PMID- 6443940
TI  - UT goes cold turkey: an anti-smoking campaign at the University of Toledo.

PMID- 6443941
TI  - Self responsibility in the health classroom.

PMID- 6443942
TI  - Cancer: a mini-documentary.

PMID- 6443943
TI  - Health education supermarket.

PMID- 6443944
TI  - A status report: sudden infant death syndrome--cause and effect.

PMID- 6443945
TI  - Healthy planet, healthy people.

PMID- 6443947
TI  - Introducing faculty to microcomputers.

PMID- 6443946
TI  - Computerizing health educators.

PMID- 6443948
TI  - Computer literacy for health educators.

PMID- 6443949
TI  - Microcomputer ruminations.

PMID- 6443950
TI  - Who's afraid of the big, bad microcomputer ... health educators?

PMID- 6443951
TI  - Computerized health education ... due yesterday--ready tomorrow.

PMID- 6443952
TI  - Bibliographic Index of Health Education Periodicals BIHEP: a case study in
      computer assisted publication.

PMID- 6443953
TI  - Health risk appraisal: a tool for health education.

PMID- 6443954
TI  - Computerized health risk appraisal for adolescents.

PMID- 6443955
TI  - Interactive video: a new dimension in health education.

PMID- 6443956
TI  - Exercise, health, and the microcomputer.

PMID- 6443957
TI  - An interactive health risk appraisal for adolescents: a developmental
      microcomputer model.

PMID- 6443958
TI  - Micros and interactive videodiscs for improving access to health education.

PMID- 6443959
TI  - Computers in health and physical education at Portland State University.

PMID- 6443960
TI  - The computer health education project: its first four years.

PMID- 6443961
TI  - Adolescents, health education, and computers: the Body Awareness Resource Network
      (BARN).

PMID- 6443962
TI  - Public health education in the silicon age: the microcomputer revolution in
      professional preparation.

PMID- 6443964
TI  - Concerns about the use of microcomputers in health education: an editorial.

PMID- 6443963
TI  - Programmed learning (auto-tutorial) options in health education.

PMID- 6443965
TI  - Going on-line: are you ready?

PMID- 6443966
TI  - Problems of application and direction of the emerging technologies to health
      education.

PMID- 6443967
TI  - Computers in education are entering the fourth revolution--yet health education
      is just entering the third.

PMID- 6443969
TI  - How to select a microcomputer system for educational use.

PMID- 6443968
TI  - The microcomputer bandwagon is here--but watch your step!

PMID- 6443970
TI  - Computing health.

PMID- 6443971
TI  - A scorecard for evaluating microcomputers.

PMID- 6443972
TI  - Guidelines for developing health education software.

PMID- 6443973
TI  - Selected sources of on-line health education information.

PMID- 6443974
TI  - How effective are microcomputer-based programs for health education: a
      prospective view.

PMID- 6443975
TI  - Issues in cross-cultural and international health education research.

PMID- 6443976
TI  - Multivariate analysis of dimensionality in health attitude structure.

PMID- 6443977
TI  - Life change events as a predictor of accident incidence in a college population.

PMID- 6443978
TI  - Evaluation of two pedagogical techniques for enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and
      frequency of practice related to breast self-examination.

PMID- 6443979
TI  - Behavioral outcomes associated with HRA use in a college level health education
      course utilizing a lifestyle theme.

PMID- 6443980
TI  - A special feature: research in health education.

PMID- 6443981
TI  - Computing health: choosing statistical software for microcomputers.

PMID- 6443982
TI  - Single fathers: a growing minority in america.

PMID- 6443983
TI  - Beliefs of Indiana public school policymakers on the role of the school in
      education about sexuality: its responsibility, its quality, its direction.

PMID- 6443984
TI  - Debating the uncomfortable, confronting the unthinkable: a primer for health
      educators on the nuclear threat.

PMID- 6443985
TI  - Teaching the four C's of first aid.

PMID- 6443986
TI  - Picture charades: a health teaching device.

PMID- 6443987
TI  - Peer education programs: a look nationally.

PMID- 6443988
TI  - Vitamin C and the common cold revisited.

PMID- 6443989
TI  - The holistic philosophy and perspective of selected health educators.

PMID- 6443990
TI  - An epidemiological analysis of motorcycle accidents: environmental and human risk
      factors.

PMID- 6443992
TI  - Effectiveness in educational programming: back to the basics.

PMID- 6443991
TI  - Fat is essential.

PMID- 6443993
TI  - Health is a status.

PMID- 6443994
TI  - Importance of sex education topics: correlates with teacher characteristics and
      inclusion of topics in instruction.

PMID- 6443995
TI  - An application of inoculation theory to preventive alcohol education.

PMID- 6443996
TI  - The effects of educational imagery on university students' creativity levels and
      locus of control.

PMID- 6443997
TI  - Investigating the social aspects of alcohol use.

PMID- 6443998
TI  - Student involvement in mental health education.

PMID- 6443999
TI  - Before you teach death ed....

PMID- 6444000
TI  - Promoting health through the use of storytelling.

PMID- 6444001
TI  - The effects of the SHCP on selected aspects of decision-making among fifth
      graders.

PMID- 6444002
TI  - Health education in rural Missouri: phase II.

PMID- 6444003
TI  - Using behavioral contracts to promote health behavior change: application in a
      college level health course.

PMID- 6444004
TI  - Development of a comprehensive health curriculum for Head Start.

PMID- 6444005
TI  - A joust with Obie. Some comments on convictions held by Delbert Oberteuffer about
      health and health education.

PMID- 6444006
TI  - Factors related to the leisure exercise behavior of 'returning' women college
      students.

PMID- 6444007
TI  - Theoretical constructs underlying the process of content validation in health
      education research.

PMID- 6444008
TI  - Computing health: sources of information for educators.

PMID- 6444009
TI  - Arnie the aardvark: an innovative cancer education program for the primary
      grades.

PMID- 6444010
TI  - Teaching the developmental process to elementary children.

PMID- 6444011
TI  - Nutrition is the name of the game.

PMID- 6444012
TI  - Health careers--exploding myths.

PMID- 6444013
TI  - The school health curriculum project: its theory, practice, and measurement
      experience as a health education curriculum.

PMID- 6444014
TI  - Experience with competency-based curriculum design: a school and community health
      model.

PMID- 6444015
TI  - Introducing medical self-care in the curriculum.

PMID- 6444016
TI  - Grassroots movements are important, but so is going to the top.

PMID- 6444017
TI  - 'Seaside'--a model for school health education inservice.

PMID- 6444018
TI  - An historical review of women, smoking and advertising.

PMID- 6444019
TI  - Reflective teaching: toward a modality in professional preparation.

PMID- 6444020
TI  - Computing health: alcohol metabolism rate. Part I.

PMID- 6444021
TI  - Introducing college students to stress management.

PMID- 6444022
TI  - Health safety bingo.

PMID- 6444023
TI  - A quick and easy check for foot problems.

PMID- 6444024
TI  - Self-actualization and health related practices.

PMID- 6444025
TI  - Proceedings of the National Conference on School Health Education Research in the
      Heart, Lung, and Blood Areas. September 15-16, 1983, National Institutes of
      Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

PMID- 6444026
TI  - The place of school health education in research within the programs of the
      National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

PMID- 6444027
TI  - The role of school health education in preventing heart, lung, and blood
      diseases.

PMID- 6444028
TI  - School health education research: future issues and challenges.

PMID- 6444029
TI  - A conceptual approach to school-based health promotion.

PMID- 6444030
TI  - Theoretical models for application in school health education research.

PMID- 6444031
TI  - Issues related to designing and conducting school health education research.

PMID- 6444033
TI  - Training needs in school health education research.

PMID- 6444032
TI  - Research on disseminating and implementing health education programs in schools.

PMID- 6444034
TI  - A study of the effects of stress on the health of college students: implications
      for school health education.

PMID- 6444036
TI  - Computing health programming problem two: computing peak blood alcohol levels.

PMID- 6444035
TI  - Spirit and human-spiritual interaction as a factor in health and in health
      education.

PMID- 6444038
TI  - In relationship--freedom and health.

PMID- 6444037
TI  - Priorities for motor vehicle occupant protection among children and youth.

PMID- 6444039
TI  - The use of economic incentives and education to modify safety belt use behavior
      of high school students.

PMID- 6444040
TI  - Federal education efforts to promote occupant protection.

PMID- 6444041
TI  - Seatbelt use among preadolescent children: implications for school health
      education.

PMID- 6444043
TI  - Project KISS (Kids in Safety Seats): educational approaches & evaluation
      measures.

PMID- 6444042
TI  - Occupant protection programs in industry: driving toward the bottom line.

PMID- 6444044
TI  - TLC--tender loving care for tender living cargo: an innovative approach to child
      passenger safety in a local health department.

PMID- 6444045
TI  - An evaluation of the Beltman traffic safety program for children.

PMID- 6444046
TI  - Attitudes in rural communities toward child restraint devices and loan programs.

PMID- 6444048
TI  - Glimpsing: a simple technique to help you do what you do a little better.

PMID- 6444047
TI  - Herpes: removing fact from fiction.

PMID- 6444049
TI  - Promoting school health education in Maine: the Maine School Health Education
      Program.

PMID- 6444050
TI  - AAHE directory of institutions offering specialization in undergraduate and
      graduate professional preparation programs in health education. 1985 edition.
      Association for the Advancement of Health Education.

PMID- 6444051
TI  - The role of the health educator in interdisciplinary health team development: an
      organizational development strategy.

PMID- 6444053
TI  - The long term impact of a cardiovascular school health curriculum.

PMID- 6444052
TI  - Clowning: a healing process.

PMID- 6444054
TI  - Historical survey of AAHE leadership 1937-1982. Association for the Advancement
      of Health Education.

PMID- 6444055
TI  - Gymnastics in the treatment of inebriety 1897.

PMID- 6444056
TI  - Health education in a women's prison.

PMID- 6444057
TI  - Wellness: an emerging opportunity for health education.

PMID- 6444058
TI  - Comprehensive school health education.

PMID- 6444059
TI  - Resource networking in rural health education: strategies to reduce professional
      isolation and promote collaboration in health education.

PMID- 6444060
TI  - Have we avoided the frail aged and dying older person in HPERD? Health, physical
      education, recreation and dance.

PMID- 6444062
TI  - Backwards and not very humanistic: the Pennsylvania Health Curriculum Progression
      Chart.

PMID- 6444061
TI  - Computing health: current initiatives.

PMID- 6444063
TI  - A methods mini-convention.

PMID- 6444064
TI  - Insurance incentives for health promotion.

PMID- 6444065
TI  - The impact of legislation on health education programs in school systems: the
      Massachusetts experience.

PMID- 6444066
TI  - Computing peak blood alcohol levels. Programming problem #3.

PMID- 6444067
TI  - Project Panther2. Prevent and Neutralize Through Health Education Risk Reduction.

PMID- 6444068
TI  - Health promotion and wellness programs: an insight into the Fortune 500.

PMID- 6444069
TI  - An alternative approach for worksite health promotion: the consortium model.

PMID- 6444070
TI  - Incorporating health education into employee assistance programs.

PMID- 6444071
TI  - So much to learn ... designing the health course for the elementary education
      major.

PMID- 6444072
TI  - The preservice teacher: alternative field experiences.

PMID- 6444073
TI  - Future options: professional preparation programs in health education.

PMID- 6444074
TI  - Promoting student learning of behavioral strategies using behavior contracts.

PMID- 6444075
TI  - Selecting and knowing our exemplars.

PMID- 6444076
TI  - Death counseling in school age populations.

PMID- 6444077
TI  - Ethics of the health educator as behavior change agent in gerontological health.

PMID- 6444078
TI  - Methods of presenting personal hygiene to high school girls. 1914.

PMID- 6444079
TI  - The honorable Jan C. Smuts: a worthy exemplar for health education?

PMID- 6444080
TI  - Counterbalancing parental concerns in health education.

PMID- 6444081
TI  - Health education content assessment.

PMID- 6444082
TI  - [Experimental use of the new generation of Tri-Step contraceptive agents in 20
      treated cases].

PMID- 6444083
TI  - MHC homology between various mammalian species at the DNA level: its relevance to
      MHC evolution.
AB  - Considerable homology concerning the major histocompatibility complexes of man,
      rhesus monkey, dog, cat, cow, sheep, rabbit and goat has been established by
      Southern blot analyses. Human cDNAs from both class I and class II gene products
      were used as probes. Besides the expected hybridization of the probes to human
      DNA, the probes displayed a clear affinity for the other DNAs as well. Equal
      numbers of bands-about 16 depending on the enzyme used - appear in digests of
      human and rhesus monkey DNA when the class I cDNA is used as a probe. This number
      is slightly smaller and varying in the other species. The same holds for class II
      probes. Both class I and class II probes show no detectable homology at all with
      Xenopus DNA under the conditions used. A substantial MHC homology at the DNA
      level between man and rhesus monkey can be concluded from these data, this
      homology being somewhat smaller in various other species. Further implications
      for the evolution of MHC are discussed.

PMID- 6444084
TI  - [The epidemiology of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6444085
TI  - DRG's: how they will affect nurses.

PMID- 6444086
TI  - Possibilities of clinical utilization of GnRH-test in menopause to identify the
      woman at risk for hormone-related pathology.
AB  - The authors evaluate the reliability of GnRH-Test in menopause in detecting the
      substratum at risk for the development of endometrial cancer. The study was
      carried out on 30 women affected with endometrial cancer and 30 controls; the
      examination of the individual curves of gonadotropin values in each patient led
      to observe LH preferential release in 23 out of 30 cancer patients and in 10 out
      of 30 controls. The difference of response between the two groups in highly
      statistically significant (0.0005 less than p less than 0.001). However, the
      predictive-value of the Test in relation to the detection of the substratum at
      risk, is about 70%; this apparently unsatisfactory result may be corrected by the
      finding that about 30% of endometrial cancers seem to develop independently from
      estrogens. GnRH-Test in menopause might then prove to be highly reliable in
      predicting the occurrence of estrogen-dependent endometrial malignancies, and may
      be particularly useful in detecting the substratum at risk among those women
      presenting no risk-factors, who otherwise might escape careful medical controls.

PMID- 6444087
TI  - Agrocins and the biological control of crown gall.
AB  - Agrocin 84 is a plasmid-encoded, fraudulent adenine nucleotide antibiotic
      responsible for the preventative biological control of the plant cancer, crown
      gall. It has bacteriocin-like selectivity which is dependent on a Ti-plasmid
      encoded permease in pathogenic agrobacteria. Other nucleotide agrocins have been
      described and partially characterized; more may be confidently predicted.

PMID- 6444088
TI  - Microbiological sciences: a world view.

PMID- 6444089
TI  - Recent changes in the international rules affecting the nomenclature of fungi.
AB  - Major changes in the rules governing the nomenclature of fungi were enacted at
      the XIIIth International Botanical Congress in 1981. The effects of these, and
      the reasons why changes were made, are reviewed with particular emphasis on those
      concerned with the starting-point date and fungi with pleomorphic life cycles.

PMID- 6444090
TI  - Genetically engineered enzymes.

PMID- 6444091
TI  - Versatile vaccine.

PMID- 6444092
TI  - The nitrogen fixation genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae: a model system.
AB  - The genetics of nitrogen fixation and its regulation has been intensively studied
      in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The resulting model, whilst not complete, is proving
      very useful in understanding this process in other organisms.

PMID- 6444093
TI  - Molecular biology of bacterial plant pathogens.
AB  - It is now possible to apply a range of genetic and recombinant DNA techniques to
      several plant-pathogenic bacteria, and the rapid growth of this area of research
      is expected to revolutionize our understanding of plant diseases. Some promising
      research strategies are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 6444094
TI  - Antigenic variation and the structure of influenza virus glycoproteins.
AB  - Influenza is impossible to control by vaccination because of variation in the two
      surface antigens of the virus, the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA).
      This variation is caused by sequence changes in the genes coding these antigens
      and this review summarizes recent information on the structure of the HA and NA,
      the way in which these glycoproteins vary and the effects of the changes on the
      antigenic properties of the virus.

PMID- 6444095
TI  - DNA base sequence complementarity and the definition of fungal taxa.
AB  - Molecular techniques have demonstrated the inadequacies of many criteria
      traditionally used to separate fungal taxa. Whole genome DNA complementarity
      studies offer resolution to the species level, whereas the phylogenetic
      relationships of genera and even subclasses may be determined from the sequences
      of ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 6444096
TI  - Citrobacter accumulates heavy metals.

PMID- 6444097
TI  - Hepatitis B expands (tissue) host range.

PMID- 6444098
TI  - Search for an AIDS virus: animal models.

PMID- 6444099
TI  - Yeasts respond to sex hormones.

PMID- 6444100
TI  - Industrial production of L-alanine using immobilized Escherichia coli and
      Pseudomonas dacunhae.

PMID- 6444101
TI  - Yeast killer toxin and an immunity protein are processed from a composite
      precursor.
AB  - Yeast killer toxin is a secreted protein that kills sensitive cells by forming an
      ion-conducting channel. The toxin is synthesized as a larger composite precursor
      containing two toxin subunits and an immunity protein. The processing and action
      of this precursor and its components provide an attractive system for studying
      these cellular events common to eukaryotes.

PMID- 6444102
TI  - Phylogeny of strains of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The combined use of biotyping and phage typing has been used to identify major
      clones of Salmonella typhimurium. Recombination studies among isolates of
      different clones indicate their genetic relatedness and allow construction of a
      phylogenetic tree showing relationships among major biotypes. Possible lines of
      their descent from a common archetypal ancestor are discussed.

PMID- 6444103
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in plant virology.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for more than 20 plant viruses have been obtained.
      They have been found very useful for large-scale diagnosis of viral diseases and
      for elucidating the antigenic structure of plant viruses at the molecular level.
      The advantages and limitations of these new reagents and some of their
      applications in plant virus serology are discussed.

PMID- 6444104
TI  - Mimicking photosynthesis.

PMID- 6444105
TI  - Physiology of soil oligotrophic bacteria.
AB  - In soil, there exists a variety of uncharacterized oligotrophic bacteria, most of
      which are very sensitive to NaCl and also various L-amino acids. These
      sensitivities are influenced by the presence of salts and organic materials.

PMID- 6444106
TI  - Anti-antibody antibodies anti hepatitis.

PMID- 6444107
TI  - Xanthomonas engineered for whey degradation.

PMID- 6444108
TI  - Beta-lactamase for protein secretion.

PMID- 6444109
TI  - New concepts in the interpretation of conidiogenesis in deuteromycetes.
AB  - Single-word terms (e.g. phialidic) cause problems in interpreting conidiogenesis.
      These problems can be resolved by meticulous description of each developmental
      stage (e.g. spore initiation, maturation, delimitation, secession). Different
      modes of spore wall building are significant and need further investigation.
      Blastic and thallic development perhaps do not differ fundamentally.

PMID- 6444110
TI  - In situ determination of metabolic activity in aquatic environments.
AB  - Methods used for measurement of in situ microbial activities are selectively
      reviewed. Complexities of sediments can lead to disturbance artifacts that may be
      obviated by new methods of measurement.

PMID- 6444111
TI  - Control of the cell division cycle in Chlamydomonas.
AB  - In Chlamydomonas, the duration of the cell cycle is determined by timer control
      of a rate-limiting commitment to divide, and cell size determines whether 2, 4, 8
      or 16 daughter cells are formed. Use of different environmental conditions allows
      an evaluation of metabolic and biosynthetic changes, including tubulin synthesis,
      as possible controllers of the cell cycle.

PMID- 6444112
TI  - The species problem in plant virology.
AB  - The systems currently used to classify and name viruses are discussed. It is
      concluded that, while the family-genus-species system is widely used for many
      viruses, the virus group-virus system used for plant viruses has a sounder
      theoretical basis and is easier to use. Its universal adoption should be
      considered. For plant viruses, the English vernacular name and the group name
      could form the basis of a binomial nomenclature.

PMID- 6444113
TI  - Genetically engineered vaccines: problems and promises.
AB  - Determinants of important protective antigens from a variety of viral, bacterial
      and parasite pathogens have been successfully cloned and expressed in novel hosts
      using recombinant DNA techniques. The use of these cloned determinants in the
      development of new vaccines, including immunologically defined subunit vaccines,
      genetically defined live attenuated vaccines, and synthetic peptide vaccines is
      described.

PMID- 6444114
TI  - Natural immunity to malaria.

PMID- 6444115
TI  - Genetic engineering: guidelines upgraded.

PMID- 6444116
TI  - Evolution towards fermentation with pure culture yeasts in wine making.
AB  - There is currently a great interest by many winemakers in making some of their
      vinifications by means of pure culture yeasts. We describe, in this paper, the
      problems encountered in operating this way, the corresponding aims, the method of
      selecting strains and, more particularly, the possibilities offered by applying
      yeast genetics.

PMID- 6444117
TI  - The ins and outs of colicins. Part I: Production, and translocation across
      membranes.
AB  - Most colicins are plasmid-encoded proteinaceous toxins which act on bacteria
      closely related to the producing strain (generally Escherichia coli), and which
      possess the almost unique ability to be translocated across up to four bilayer
      membranes, two each in the producing and target cells.

PMID- 6444118
TI  - Regulation of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in facultative anaerobes: a role
      for cytochrome a1.
AB  - Despite extensive documentation, the regulatory effects of oxygen on protein
      synthesis are poorly understood. Oxygen either functions directly or indirectly,
      through changes in Eh or respiratory activity, or by interacting with a sensor
      molecule analogous to the lac repressor. Cytochrome a1, hitherto of unknown
      function in most bacteria, is proposed as the likely sensor.

PMID- 6444119
TI  - Growth physiology of red-tide microorganisms.
AB  - The occurrence of red tides, which often cause mass mortality of marine animals
      and/or shellfish poisoning in humans, is increasing in the estuaries and coastal
      zones of the world. Species of dinoflagellates are most commonly responsible,
      though other flagellates, and even ciliates, can also cause red tides. In recent
      years, understanding of the growth physiology of red-tide microalgae has grown.
      Each causative organism has a species-specific preference and requirement for
      temperature, salinity, pH, the basic nutrients, and growth factors, and the toxin
      formation is affected by these environmental factors.

PMID- 6444120
TI  - Progress with yeast oncogenes.

PMID- 6444121
TI  - Hitch-hiking viruses.

PMID- 6444122
TI  - Problems and prospects for the taxonomy of Penicillium.
AB  - Classification of the economically important sections of the genus Penicillium
      requires clarification as species concepts based primarily on morphology differ.
      A multidisciplinary study using physiological characters, biochemistry of
      metabolites, ultrastructure, and traditional morphology has been initiated. The
      results will be subjected to cluster analysis techniques.

PMID- 6444123
TI  - The involvement of a helper component in nonpersistent transmission of plant
      viruses by aphids.
AB  - Certain plant viruses require a 'helper component' in order to be transmitted by
      aphids. The helper component for potyviruses is a virus-encoded protein with a
      subunit molecular weight of between 50,000 and 60,000. Aphid transmission of
      caulimoviruses is associated with the presence of an 18,000 molecular weight
      polypeptide. The mode of action of the helper component is the subject of
      speculation.

PMID- 6444124
TI  - Organization and regulation of nitrogen fixation genes of Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata.
AB  - The nitrogen fixation (nif) genes of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata appear to be much
      more widely dispersed than those of the well-studied Klebsiella pneumoniae. In
      both organisms the genes coding for the structural components of the nitrogenase
      complex, nifHDK, comprise a single unit of transcription. Only in the
      photosynthetic bacterium, however, are there multiple copies of these genes. The
      extra copies are normally silent but they can be activated by mutation, detected
      as nif+ pseudorevertants of nif- deletions of the expressed nifHDK genes.
      Glutamine is required for the repression of nif gene transcription in R.
      capsulata.

PMID- 6444125
TI  - Membrane inlet mass spectrometry: a universal monitor for dissolved gases in
      microbial physiology.

PMID- 6444126
TI  - The ins and outs of colicins. Part II. Lethal action, immunity and ecological
      implications.
AB  - At least six different modes of colicin action have been identified. Plasmids
      encoding colicins also confer specific colicin immunity upon their host cells,
      thereby protecting them against the action of their own colicin. It is still not
      clear whether colicinogeny is advantageous in natural environments.

PMID- 6444128
TI  - Drug-resistant salmonella: the animal link.

PMID- 6444129
TI  - Spotting protein: DNA interactions in vivo.

PMID- 6444127
TI  - Pathogenic synergism.
AB  - Microbial synergy is well recognized but its role in the pathogenesis of human
      infections is poorly understood and probably underestimated. Recent experiments
      with animal models and in vitro studies should facilitate a more objective and
      critical assessment of the contribution to various infections by microorganisms,
      individually and collectively.

PMID- 6444130
TI  - Yeast engineering: mating factor signal sequences.

PMID- 6444131
TI  - Penicillin-binding proteins and peptidoglycan peptide-interacting proteins.
AB  - Peptidoglycan peptide-interacting proteins (PPIPs) which include the penicillin
      binding proteins (PBPs) are bacterial enzymes which interact with beta-lactams
      (including penicillins and cephalosporins) and/or acyl-D-ala-D-ala analogues of a
      non-beta-lactam structure. The PBPs and other PPIPs of Escherichia coli are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6444132
TI  - Microbial differentiation: the role of cellular asymmetry.
AB  - The inherent cellular asymmetry in the cell cycles of the prosthecate budding
      bacteria, which involves the production of structurally and functionally distinct
      cell types, stems from the obligate polar growth patterns of these microbes. The
      examination of a range of bacteria, however, suggests that such asymmetry may be
      more widespread than hitherto recognized.

PMID- 6444133
TI  - Mycoses complicating AIDS.

PMID- 6444134
TI  - Chromosome rearrangements in oncogenesis.
AB  - Chromosomal studies have earlier provided evidence for the clonal nature of most
      neoplasms, and for the role of sequential genetic change in tumour progression.
      Now, in combination with molecular techniques, they are indicating how the
      function of specific genes (oncogenes) can be significantly altered by
      chromosomal translocations or by gene amplification, contributing to
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6444135
TI  - The API ZYM enzyme testing system as an aid to the rapid identification of
      Penicillium isolates.
AB  - The API ZYM strip is a commercially available, rapid, enzyme testing system. It
      has been demonstrated to be a useful method in certain areas of bacterial
      identification. Its suitability for the identification of filamentous fungi was
      evaluated, with encouraging results being obtained.

PMID- 6444136
TI  - Zymomonas ethanol fermentations.
AB  - Studies on various industrial raw materials indicate that a zymomonas process has
      its greatest commercial potential in fermenting starch-based substrates. High
      yields, productivities and ethanol concentrations can be achieved. Genetic
      manipulation is now being used to extend the substrate range to lactose and other
      carbohydrates.

PMID- 6444137
TI  - Constants and variables of fungal mitochondrial genomes.
AB  - Comparative studies of several fungal mitochondrial DNAs have highlighted a
      conspicuous diversity of organization of a limited, but generally well conserved,
      information content and a marked variability of gene structure with some
      conserved features. Attention has also been focused on new and potential genes
      and phenomena associated with nuclear-mitochondrial interactions.

PMID- 6444138
TI  - Biological phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment.
AB  - Several commercially available systems claim to remove phosphate biologically
      from municipal wastewater. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,
      transmission electron microscopy and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have
      demonstrated that the phosphate removed is stored within bacterial cells as
      polyphosphate. Acinetobacter species are usually isolated from phosphate-removing
      systems although there is a great deal of evidence which casts doubt on the
      exclusive role of these organisms.

PMID- 6444140
TI  - Typing Clostridium difficile.

PMID- 6444139
TI  - Yeast chromosomes move ahead.

PMID- 6444141
TI  - Accuracy of emergency radiograph interpretation by emergency physicians.
AB  - The incidence of abnormalities in 1,869 sets of radiographs was recorded, and the
      accuracy of the interpretation of these films by emergency physicians was
      assessed. Abnormalities were most frequent in hip/femur (52.5%), thoracic spine
      (46.7%), and shoulder (44.8%) films and least frequent in skull (5.7%), cervical
      spine (14.9%), and foot (15.7%) films. The accuracy of interpretation by
      emergency physicians for all categories of films was 93.6%, with 1.8% false
      positives and 4.6% false negatives. Overreading of abnormalities occurred most
      often in thoracic spine (12.5%) and hip/femur radiographs (9.1%). The incidence
      of missing existing pathology was highest for abdomen (40.0%) and knee (31.6%)
      films. The overall accuracy of the emergency physicians in interpretation of
      emergency films was excellent. Increased didactics in particular areas of
      interpretive inaccuracies should be considered.

PMID- 6444142
TI  - Cutaneous abscesses: natural history and management in an outpatient facility.
AB  - This study investigated the natural history and treatment of cutaneous abscesses
      in an outpatient setting. Incision, drainage, aerobic and anaerobic cultures were
      done on all 78 patients entered in the study. Tenderness and fluctuance were
      noted in more than 80% of the patients; erythema and induration in more than 60%.
      Forty-one percent of all abscesses were in the anogenital region. Forty-two
      percent of cultured abscesses grew aerobes exclusively, 28% grew anaerobes
      exclusively, and 27% grew a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. The predominant
      aerobic organisms were Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, which were mostly
      isolated from the head/neck, extremities, and axillary regions. The predominant
      anaerobic organisms were Peptococcus and Bacteroides, which were primarily
      isolated from the anogenital regions. Nearly 60% of the patients returned for
      reevaluation. They were equally divided between those patients taking antibiotics
      and those not on antibiotics. However, all patients were clinically improved.

PMID- 6444143
TI  - Pediatric emergency care in a metropolitan area.
AB  - Regional emergency medical services (EMS) system planning requires a data base
      describing the population to be served. No such regional data base exists for
      childhood emergencies. This study was undertaken for two reasons: (1) to
      establish, in a metropolitan region, the demographics of the population and the
      type of clinical problems for which pediatric emergency care is sought, and (2)
      to determine if the critical care categories used for EMS planning accurately
      reflect the emergency care needs of pediatric patients in the region. All
      pediatric visits (6,190) to 13 area hospitals during 1 month were reviewed. The
      most common diagnostic categories seen were trauma (48%) and infectious illness
      (29%). Six hundred and six visits satisfied criteria for inclusion in one of the
      following critical care categories: trauma, poisonings, burns, spinal cord
      injuries, behavioral disorders, cardiovascular illness, and a general category
      designated "medical." The last group was the largest of the categories (185
      visits) and contained the greatest number of seriously or critically ill
      children. Of the total visits, 9.5% were by children 1 year or under, and 19.1%
      were by children 13 to 16 years old. For visits of a serious or critical nature,
      these age groups comprised 16% and 29%, respectively, of the total for such
      visits. This study documents that the emergency care needs of children differ
      from those of adults and deserve special attention in the planning of emergency
      care systems.

PMID- 6444144
TI  - Non-pelvic abdominal ultrasound: an overview for emergency physicians.
AB  - Ultrasound scanning is a very useful technique for diagnosing emergent abdominal
      conditions and diseases. Of the two types of scanning that can be done, real-time
      imaging is more useful under emergency conditions than static imaging. Real-time
      scanning equipment is portable, easy to operate, and can be used on acutely ill
      and poorly cooperative patients. Real-time scanners readily image fixed organs as
      well as mobile structures and substances in the abdomen. Scanning is very
      accurate in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis, common hepatic duct obstruction,
      pancreatic pseudocyst, obstructive uropathy, and aortic aneurysms. It has also
      been found to be of value in recognizing acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and
      renal transplant rejection. Although it is not currently a common practice,
      emergency physicians can be trained to perform this diagnostic procedure and
      interpret the resulting scanning images.

PMID- 6444145
TI  - Clinical utility of lactic acid measurement in body fluids other than plasma.
AB  - The diagnosis of septic infections of closed body cavities requires a careful
      search. Traditional laboratory tests such as Gram's stain, white cell count, and
      protein and glucose levels are often inconclusive. Measurement of lactic acid in
      cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, ascitic, and bursal fluids has been utilized to
      distinguish bacterial from nonbacterial infections. The present review summarizes
      the current status of lactic acid measurement in the differential diagnosis of
      meningitis, arthritis, empyema, bacterial peritonitis, and bursitis.

PMID- 6444146
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of the knee.
AB  - Traumatic dislocation of the knee is an uncommon orthopedic injury affecting
      primarily young males who have been subjected to major trauma. The presentation
      may be subtle and the diagnosis is frequently overlooked. The high frequency of
      associated limb-threatening vascular injury mandates careful search for and
      aggressive treatment of this entity, as misdiagnosis of the knee injury or
      failure to pursue evaluation of the vascular status of the limb will result in a
      large number of potentially avoidable amputations.

PMID- 6444147
TI  - Psoas abscess.
AB  - A psoas abscess is infrequently diagnosed on initial presentation. This report
      reviews the presentation of a patient with a complicated psoas abscess. The
      pathophysiology and the clinical and laboratory presentation of patients with
      this disease entity are reviewed.

PMID- 6444148
TI  - High carboxyhemoglobin level without acute or chronic findings.
AB  - The clinical effects of carbon monoxide in humans have been well studied and
      described. Carboxyhemoglobin levels usually correlate with the degree of
      symptomatology; however, some investigators have noted that there may be a wide
      disparity between absolute carboxyhemoglobin levels and clinical status. A case
      is reported here of a young man with a potentially lethal level of carbon
      monoxide who developed neither significant symptomatology nor long-term sequelae.
      Until a more sensitive indicator of clinical outcome is found, clinicians must
      rely on carboxyhemoglobin levels and clinical history and examination to make
      treatment decisions, realizing that clinical presentation and absolute
      carboxyhemoglobin levels may correlate poorly.

PMID- 6444149
TI  - Ivan Magill: forceps for intratracheal anesthesia.

PMID- 6444150
TI  - Abdominal ultrasound in emergency medicine.

PMID- 6444151
TI  - Ultrasonography in emergency medicine.

PMID- 6444152
TI  - Comments on "Non-pelvic abdominal ultrasound: an overview for emergency
      physicians" and accompanying editorial note.

PMID- 6444153
TI  - Meningitis: the utility of lactic acid determination.

PMID- 6444154
TI  - Do awake patients with high carboxyhemoglobin levels need hyperbaric oxygen?

PMID- 6444155
TI  - Your CE topic this month (no. 3). Drug abuse in pregnancy.

PMID- 6444156
TI  - Universally speaking: an interview with Yvonne Ryding, LPN, Miss Universe 1984.

PMID- 6444158
TI  - Recruitment and retention of men in nursing.

PMID- 6444157
TI  - Nursing's media image: overcoming the stereotypes.

PMID- 6444159
TI  - Stress: is the nursing profession immune?

PMID- 6444160
TI  - Your CE topic this month (no. 4). Basic concepts of infant nutrition.

PMID- 6444161
TI  - Stress assessment of the M.I. patient.

PMID- 6444162
TI  - Hospice care: a new option in nursing.

PMID- 6444163
TI  - Advances in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 6444164
TI  - Mechanisms of gonadal differentiation in vertebrates. Preface and introduction.

PMID- 6444165
TI  - X-linked genes and gonadal differentiation.

PMID- 6444166
TI  - H-Y antigen in the chicken.
AB  - To determine whether asymmetrical development of the chicken ovary could be
      related to differential expression or function of H-Y antigen, the putative ZW
      ovary inducer, we compared the ability of cells from the left and right gonad to
      absorb H-Y antibodies in 17-day chick embryos and in one-day-old hatchlings. In
      addition, we studied uptake of soluble H-Y antigen by gonadal cells in 17-day
      embryos, one-day-old hatchlings, and young adults. Indications are that H-Y is
      present in the left gonad of the female, and to a lesser extent in the right, and
      not in the testes of the male. Our preliminary results indicate moreover that the
      right ZW gonad may lack receptor sites for soluble H-Y at around the time of
      hatching. It may be inferred that expression of H-Y antigen is a prerequisite of
      ovarian development in birds, although it remains to be determined unambiguously
      whether H-Y is the primary inducer of the ZW gonad or an accessory molecule
      involved in some intermediate aspect of gonadal development.

PMID- 6444168
TI  - On the nature of H-Y antigen. Concluding remarks.

PMID- 6444167
TI  - H-Y typing of karyotypically abnormal mice.
AB  - It has been proposed that the male-specific transplantation antigen H-Y is the
      trigger for testis formation (Ohno's hypothesis). We have tested this hypothesis
      by examining the H-Y status of a number of mice with abnormal or aberrant
      karyotypes relative to their gonad development. This analysis includes the
      discussion of published results of XX males carrying the Sxr mutation and XO
      females, and the presentation of unpublished data from XY females carrying the
      YPOS or YORB chromosome, XY females carrying Thp on chromosome 17, and a series
      of mice carrying X-Y recombination products derived from the Y* chromosome. The
      XX Sxr males have testes and are H-Y transplantation antigen positive; XO females
      have ovaries and are H-Y negative; mice with X-Y reciprocal recombinant
      chromosomes resulting from an abnormal Y chromosome show concordance between the
      presence of testes and the presence of the H-Y antigen. All of these findings are
      in accord with Ohno's hypothesis. In contrast are our findings that three types
      of C57BL/6J XY females are H-Y positive, two inheriting a Y chromosome from the
      mouse species Mus domesticus, either YPOS or YORB, and the other a mutation
      associated with Thp. Genetic analysis of the inheritance of this paradoxical
      phenotype indicates that normal testis differentiation involves the interaction
      of two or three genes, and is not simply a function of a Y-linked gene product.
      We conclude that H-Y is not the sole Y-linked testis determining gene.

PMID- 6444169
TI  - Evolution of sex chromosomes and heterogametic systems in amphibia.

PMID- 6444170
TI  - Aberrant sex chromosome mechanisms in mammals. Evolutionary aspects.
AB  - There are a number of mammalian species with complicated or unknown mechanisms
      for sex determination. The literature is reviewed with special reference to the
      origin and evolution of the sex chromosome mechanisms in three species of
      monotremes and in the following species of rodents: the creeping vole (Microtus
      oregoni), the mole vole (Ellobius lutescens), the Amami spinous country rat
      (Tokudaia osimensis), the wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor), the varying lemming
      (Dicrostonyx torquatus), South American field mice (Akodon sp.), and the short
      tailed bandicoot rat (Nesokia indica). Although this is a heterogeneous group
      with regard to their sex chromosomes, it is striking that among placental mammals
      only one order, Rodentia, and only two of its subfamilies, Microtinae and
      Murinae, are represented. Various reasons for this are discussed. Some of these
      species have proven to be excellent models for studies of fundamental processes
      involved in sex determination.

PMID- 6444171
TI  - Sex chromosome expression in embryonic development.

PMID- 6444172
TI  - Expression of the 12E7 antigen is controlled independently by genes on the human
      X and Y chromosomes.

PMID- 6444173
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities and gamete production in man.
AB  - The averaged incidence of chromosome abnormalities from samples of infertile
      males has been estimated to be approximately 5%, of which 4% are sex chromosome
      abnormalities and 1% autosomal abnormalities. Variations in the frequencies among
      different samples are probably due to ascertainment bias. The autosomal
      abnormalities consist mainly of balanced translocations which are found with a
      frequency of nine per thousand. Most translocations are Robertsonian ones and
      most of them are familial. The reasons why a balanced translocation interferes
      with the normal meiotic process are discussed. The effects on female fertility of
      numerical and structural aberrations of the X chromosome are discussed with
      special attention to the deficiencies of the short and long arm of the X
      chromosome. Several of these deficiencies are secondary to X/autosome
      translocations transmitted by the mother of the probands. It is concluded that
      the function of the abnormal X chromosome rather than the loss of specific
      segments is probably correlated with the lack of gamete production.

PMID- 6444174
TI  - Sex chromosome-specific DNA sequences.
AB  - Genetic linkage analysis using restriction fragment length polymorphisms is
      feasible for a human sex-linked disorder even when the primary gene product is
      not known. Distant probes localise a defect, while more closely linked clones can
      be used either for unambiguous carrier detection, particularly if sequences on
      both sides of the gene defect can be isolated, or for prenatal diagnosis using
      DNA obtained in early pregnancy by trophoblast sampling. Furthermore, with the
      isolation of sex chromosome libraries and the development of molecular biological
      techniques, a greater understanding of the basis of gonadal differentiation and
      sex-linked diseases should be achieved in the next few years.

PMID- 6444175
TI  - Structure and evolution of human Y chromosome DNA.
AB  - Two repeated sequences account for 70% of the DNA of the human Y chromosome. They
      are located in the heterochromatin of the long arm. These sequences are related
      to others found on human chimpanzee and gorilla autosomes, and on the human X
      chromosome but have diverged in a characteristic way from the non Y copies. They
      have no detectable phenotypic effect when translocated to autosomes. We have
      cloned DNA from the human Y chromosome using fluorescence activated cell sorting.
      At least one single copy sequence is present on both the X and Y chromosomes.

PMID- 6444176
TI  - Evolutionary conservation of sex specific DNA sequences.
AB  - A family of DNA sequences which appears to be limited to eukaryotes is
      concentrated on the sex-determining chromosomes of species as widely separated
      evolutionarily as snakes and mammals. The significance of this distribution is
      presently seen in terms of the function of these sequences in cycles of
      chromosome condensation and decondensation involved in the control of gene
      expression. Thus, their concentration on the sex chromosomes is interpreted in
      the context of the evolution of such chromosomes which, it is hypothesised,
      involves the superimposition of the controls of the dominant sex-determining
      gene(s) upon the entire linkage group. This would result in the prevention of the
      large majority of its genes from having effects upon the phenotype and, in
      consequence, lead to their mutation to functionlessness at the maximum rate.

PMID- 6444177
TI  - On evolutionarily conserved simple repetitive DNA sequences: do "sex-specific"
      satellite components serve any sequence dependent function?
AB  - The nuclear genomes of eukaryotes contain DNA of varying degrees of repetition.
      Highly repetitious DNA and simple repetitive sequences as a fraction thereof
      appear to be distributed in a non-random fashion in the genome. There are
      arguments for and against functional roles of simple repetitive sequences, and
      the reasons for their evolutionary conservation are not at all clear. In order to
      learn more about the biologic role of simple repetitive sequences in the context
      of their evolutionary history, we report here the following results from studies
      of sex-specific snake satellite DNA: 1) The snake simple repeat sequence is 5'
      GATAGACA-3' and it is strictly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. 2) The
      simple repeat sequence is intimately interspersed with single-copy DNA throughout
      the mouse genome. 3) The simple repeat is transcribed into RNA in several animal
      systems and it is translatable in bacterial test systems. 4) The simple repeat
      sequence is sex-specifically arranged in vertebrates. 5) In snake DNA, the simple
      repeat is adjacent to a single-copy sequence which singles out a male-specific
      putative mRNA in mouse polysomal poly (A)+ RNA. Thus even if this snake simple
      repetitive sequence is not involved in a basic cellular function such as sex
      determination, it is nevertheless a valuable tool to approach those problems.

PMID- 6444178
TI  - Structural aspects of gonadal differentiation in mammals and birds.

PMID- 6444179
TI  - Morphogenesis and fibronectin in sexual differentiation of rat embryonic gonads.
AB  - The possible role of fibronectin in the organization of the sex-specific gonadal
      components was studied by immunocytochemistry combined with electron and light
      microscopy in rat fetuses at the ages of 12-15 days. Fibronectin was evenly
      distributed in both sexes under the basal lamina of the surface epithelium. Other
      basal laminae were not seen using light or electron microscopy inside the gonadal
      ridges at the age of 12 days. As the first sign of sexual differentiation,
      fibronectin-negative gonadal cords appeared in 13-day-old fetuses. In the males
      the cords were bigger than those in the females. The cords were clearly separated
      from the interstitium in 15-day-old fetuses of both sexes. A continuous layer of
      fibronectin had formed between the testicular surface epithelium and the
      elongated cords indicating the formation of a tunica albuginea. In females the
      surface epithelium-cord connection was maintained at all stages. Connections of
      the gonadal cords to mesonephric tubuli were seen in the rete region of both
      sexes. The electron optical basal lamina around the gonadal cords became
      continuous by the age of 15 days. The present results suggest that fibronectin is
      intimately involved in the sexual differentiation of the gonads, but not under
      the regulation of H-Y antigen or other testis-organizing factor.

PMID- 6444180
TI  - Effects and role of estrogens in avian gonadal differentiation.

PMID- 6444181
TI  - Sex reversal in the mouse.

PMID- 6444182
TI  - Testicular differentiation--a developmental cascade. Morphogenetic effects of H-Y
      antigen and testosterone in the male mammalian gonad.

PMID- 6444183
TI  - Toxins of freshwater cyanobacteria.
AB  - Animal deaths after drinking water containing toxic cyanobacteria have been known
      for over a century. Poisonings occur annually and the fate of the toxins in
      natural and man-made waters is unknown. This article reviews the formation,
      properties and effects of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins.

PMID- 6444184
TI  - The mysterious prion.

PMID- 6444185
TI  - The phylogeny of prokaryotes.
AB  - Data from methods such as 5S RNA sequencing have enabled phylogenetic
      relationships within the prokaryotes to be determined. A basic evolutionary
      dichotomy is suggested by the diversion of the archaebacteria and the eubacteria.
      Possible inter-relationships of the former and eukaryotic organisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 6444186
TI  - Kingdoms unseen.

PMID- 6444187
TI  - [Quantitative histologic studies of mast cells in the parathyroid gland of sand
      rats (Psammomys obesus) during the development of a mellitus syndrome].
AB  - Mast cells in the parathyroid glands of sand rats with different disturbances of
      the carbon hydrate tolerance (reference, impaired-glucose-tolerance, and diabetic
      group) are quantitative-histologically investigated. In the IGT-group (impaired
      glucose tolerance), mast cells are significantly increased. However, the number
      of this cells in the diabetic group is significantly decreased. This
      investigations demonstrate that the mellitus-syndrome is not only a complex
      neuroendocrine disturbance but also a disturbance of biogenic amines and the
      organ of the connective tissue.

PMID- 6444188
TI  - Quality assurance in radiation therapy: clinical and physical aspects. Consensus
      of best current management: the starting point for clinical quality assessment.
AB  - Consensus of best current management developed by a rational and deliberative
      process can provide the basis for clinical quality assessment. Unfortunately, it
      is not always possible to arrive at a consensus at all cancer sites, and this
      generally indicates areas where clinical research is needed. Assessing the
      quality of care in these situations presents special problems. When it is
      possible to arrive at consensus in a specific disease, this consensus should
      detail appropriate pretreatment evaluation and the details of the treatment.
      Committees of experts for each specific disease site can formulate the consensus
      and must document their decisions based on information from the current world
      literature. A carefully thought out and documented consensus can then provide the
      basis for the development of process based questionnaires in assessing quality.
      We have observed that individuals formulating consensus of best current
      management do not strictly follow their own criteria, and that compliance in
      various strata of practice throughout the United States shows a greater deviation
      from consensus than anticipated and indeed this deviation crosses all types of
      practice. It was then necessary to conduct outcome surveys in the same patients
      to validate the processes of care by showing a correlation of process performance
      with outcome or indeed to change our concepts of best current management. We
      recognize from these outcome studies that relatively few processes have direct
      association with outcome and the majority of our consensus points relate to
      either good general patient management or items important to individual patients
      but not to large groups of patients. In addition to validating processes through
      outcome correlations, we have found that process verification is important. We
      have observed quite different outcomes for two groups of patients with Hodgkin's
      disease treated with the same processes (i.e., mantle field technology and
      adequate radiation dose, etc.). We were unable to identify the reason for an
      increased failure rate in one group of these patients until we looked at each
      individual mantle port film from the two groups of patients. We then identified
      that one facility was not including the Hodgkin's disease in the treatment portal
      due to poor technical performance. We believe that this program of process
      verification may be important in evaluating quality for any disease site. Data
      will be presented that illustrates the above problems.

PMID- 6444189
TI  - Methodological aspects of serum-creatine kinase determination in pigs.

PMID- 6444190
TI  - Myxofibrosarcoma. A malignant soft tissue tumor of fibroblastic-histiocytic
      origin. A clinicopathologic and prognostic study of 110 cases using multivariate
      analysis.

PMID- 6444191
TI  - Presence of a sodium-potassium chloride cotransport system in the rectal gland of
      Squalus acanthias.
AB  - In order to investigate whether the loop diuretic sensitive, sodium-chloride
      cotransport system described previously in shark rectal gland is in fact a sodium
      potassium chloride cotransport system, plasma membrane vesicles were isolated
      from rectal glands of Squalus acanthias and sodium and rubidium uptake were
      measured by a rapid filtration technique. In addition, the binding of N
      methylfurosemide to the membranes was investigated. Sodium uptake into the
      vesicles in the presence of a 170 mM KCl gradient was initially about five-fold
      higher than in the presence of a 170 mM KNO3 gradient. In the presence of
      chloride, sodium uptake was inhibited 56% by 0.4 mM bumetanide and 40% by 0.8 mM
      N-methylfurosemide. When potassium chloride was replaced by choline chloride or
      lithium chloride, sodium uptake decreased to the values observed in the presence
      of potassium nitrate. Replacement of potassium chloride by rubidium chloride,
      however, did not change sodium uptake. Initial rubidium uptake into the membrane
      vesicles was about 2.5-fold higher in the presence of a 170 mM NaCl gradient than
      in the presence of a 170 mM NaNO3 gradient. The effect of chloride was completely
      abolished by 0.4 mM bumetanide. Replacement of the sodium chloride gradient by a
      lithium chloride gradient decreased rubidium uptake by about 40%; replacement by
      a choline chloride gradient reduced the uptake even further. Rubidium uptake was
      also strongly inhibited by potassium. Sodium chloride dependence and bumetanide
      inhibition of rubidium flux were also found in tracer exchange experiments in the
      absence of salt gradients. The isolated plasma membranes bound 3[H]-N
      methylfurosemide in a dose-dependent manner. In Scatchard plots, one saturable
      component could be detected with an apparent KD of 3.5 x 10(-6) M and a number of
      sites n of 104 pmol/mg protein. At 0.8 microM, N-methylfurosemide binding
      decreased 51% when sodium-free or low-potassium media were used. The same
      decrease was observed when the chloride concentration was increased from 200 to
      600 mM or when 600 1 mM bumetanide or furosemide was added to the incubation
      medium. These studies indicate that the sodium-chloride cotransport system
      described previously in the rectal gland is in fact a sodium-potassium chloride
      cotransport system. It is postulated that this transport system plays an
      essential role in the secondary active chloride secretion of the rectal gland.

PMID- 6444192
TI  - The presence of chymosin inhibitor in seminal plasma.

PMID- 6444193
TI  - Health protection: Accident prevention and injury control.
AB  - More than 153,000 Americans die annually as a result of accidental injuries-
      nearly half of them from motor vehicle accidents, the rest from falls, burns,
      poisoning, and other causes. Injuries are the leading cause of death between ages
      1 and 44, and account for approximately 55 percent of fatalities for those aged
      15 to 24. Further, it is estimated that in 1979 70 million people suffered non
      fatal accidental injuries requiring medical treatment. In 1980, the damage,
      injury, and lost productivity resulting from accidents cost the Nation an
      estimated +83.2 billion. Accident victims are not distributed evenly throughout
      the population. Teenagers and young adults have the highest motor vehicle death
      rate; fatal falls, which occur primarily in the home, disproportionately affect
      the population aged 75 and over; and children 10 years and younger are a high
      risk population for burns. Accident prevention programs should be based on
      epidemiological documentation of injury problem areas at the State and local
      levels. Prevention measures include public education, skill development, safety
      engineering, environmental modification, legislation, regulation, and
      enforcement.

PMID- 6444194
TI  - Progress toward achieving the 1990 immunization objectives.
AB  - Dramatic progress has been made in reducing morbidity due to infectious diseases
      of childhood through programs of universal immunization of children. This success
      has been achieved by a program that involves a remarkable integration of private
      and public endeavors and cooperation between official and voluntary agencies.
      Similar models of cooperation and integration have not yet been developed for
      selective use vaccines and new vaccines. As a consequence, although it seems
      likely that the childhood immunization objectives will be achieved by 1990, the
      ability to achieve objectives for selective use and new vaccines is in doubt. The
      National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has undertaken, as an
      initiative, the accelerated development of new vaccines. The goal is to expedite
      the availability of needed vaccines by selecting a few candidate vaccines for
      extra research and development efforts. Studies are in progress on more than 50
      antigens for more than 30 different bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases.

PMID- 6444195
TI  - Clinical and endocrinological studies in primiparous zero-weaned sows. 3.
      Hormonal patterns of ovarian disorders due to zero-weaning.

PMID- 6444196
TI  - Freeze-thaw activation of the complement attack phase: II. Comparison of
      convertase generated C--56 with C--56 generated by freezing and thawing.
AB  - The activation of the C-attack phase does not necessarily involve the components
      of the C5 convertases. C--56 hemolytic activity was generated from the same
      source of C7 depleted serum by the alternative pathway convertase or by freezing
      and thawing resp. In contrast to activation by the convertase, biological
      activities of C5a (chemotaxis, serotonin release) were not detected following
      activation by freezing. The yields of C--56 hemolytic activities were similar and
      the properties of the activated products were identical. No difference was found
      in the molecular weight, in the hydrophobicity or with respect to charge. The two
      activities were in the absence of C7 stable at 37 degrees C and decayed rapidly
      in the presence of C7. It is proposed that a conformational change in the
      tertiary structure of the molecule(s) is the critical event in the formation of
      an active C--56 complex. In this light the cleavage of C5a from the native
      molecule by the convertase appears as a side reaction, not by itself essential
      for activation.

PMID- 6444197
TI  - The projected supply of registered nurses, 1990.
AB  - The number of employed registered nurses (RNs) in the United States stood at an
      all-time high of 1.3 million in 1980. This paper, using life table techniques,
      develops a population base of all living graduates from data on graduations from
      basic nursing education programs between 1928 and 1980, and estimates that there
      are some 1.9 million graduates now living. The number of graduates is projected
      to rise to some 2.4 million by the end of 1990, of whom 1.7 million will be
      active in the profession. Factors taken into account include recent increases in
      admissions, which rose from 79,000 in 1970 to 112,000 in 1980; the extent to
      which older women are entering the profession; the rapid growth of 2-year
      associate degree programs, which now account for half of all admissions; and
      increased labor force participation, with 68 percent of all living graduates in
      the labor force in 1980, compared to 60 percent in 1970. It is projected that the
      movement to advanced education among RNs will continue so that, by 1990, the
      proportion with baccalaureate or higher degrees will have risen from 29 to 36
      percent of the employed RNs. By 1990 the largest number of active RNs will be in
      their 30s. Graduates with diplomas will have a median age of 45; those with
      associate degrees, 35; and those with baccalaureate or higher degrees, 32 years.

PMID- 6444198
TI  - Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Characterization,
      solubilization, and partial purification of NADPH-dependent delta 8,14-steroid 14
      reductase.
AB  - The membrane-bound enzyme of microsomes that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction
      of the 14-double bond of conjugated delta 8,14- and delta 7,14-sterols has been
      studied both as collected in microsomes from broken cell preparations of rat
      liver and after solubilization. Optimal incubation conditions for assay of the
      membrane-bound enzyme have been determined, and properties of the microsomal
      enzyme have been established with respect to cofactor requirements, kinetics, pH,
      addition of inhibitors, addition of glycerol phosphatides, and sterol substrate
      specificity. The 14-reductase is readily solubilized with a mixture of
      octylglucoside and taurodeoxycholic acid. The solubilized enzyme has been
      enriched by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and chromatography on DEAE
      Sephacel and hydroxylapatite columns. The resulting partially purified enzyme has
      been obtained free of other microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis: 4
      methyl sterol oxidase, delta 5,7-sterol 7-reductase, delta 8,24-sterol 24
      reductase, 3-ketosteroid reductase, and steroid 8----7-ene isomerase, plus
      microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome b5 reductase,
      and cytochrome b5. The partially purified enzyme is stimulated by addition of
      phospholipids. All of the properties exhibited by partially purified 14-reductase
      are consistent with the suggestion that the solubilized and enriched enzyme
      catalyzes the microsomal reduction of the 14-double bond of the sterol-conjugated
      dienes. However, presence of the enzyme does not prove that the sterol-conjugated
      dienes are obligatory precursors of cholesterol.

PMID- 6444199
TI  - Toxic agent and radiation control: meeting the 1990 objectives for the nation.
AB  - Toxic agent and radiation control is 1 of the 15 health priority areas addressed
      through the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. Several gains in
      moving toward the 1990 goals for toxic agent and radiation control have been
      recorded. Research and technical assistance, combined with legislation to reduce
      the amount of lead in gasoline, have contributed to a decrease in the mean blood
      lead level of the general population. New testing procedures have been developed
      to evaluate both reproductive and developmental toxicities of chemicals.
      Educational implementation of pelvimetry referral criteria in a multiyear study
      involving approximately 200 U.S. hospitals has resulted in a 50 percent reduction
      in the number of pelvimetries performed. Health-related responses have been given
      to environmental problems such as exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
      in Massachusetts and Florida and exposures to dioxin in Missouri and New Jersey.
      Chemical records for some 1,000 compounds likely to occur in chemical dumps or in
      bulk transit are being either created or updated to enhance online data retrieval
      services. For the foreseeable future, however, improvement of knowledge of the
      potential health risk posed by toxic chemicals and radiation must remain one of
      the most important priorities. To control toxic agents, development of
      surveillance systems and data bases are equally important.

PMID- 6444200
TI  - A program to help asthmatic students reach their potential.
AB  - Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, affecting 15 percent of
      Americans under the age of 15. It ranks first among the chronic disease in
      causing school absenteeism, and it has been linked to lowered academic
      performance. An educational program for elementary school teachers has been
      developed to assist the asthmatic student in reaching his or her potential. The
      program addresses needs expressed by members of the Montgomery, Ala., chapter of
      Parents of Asthmatic Kids (PAK). These parents voiced concern regarding the
      inadequate preparation of teachers for dealing with the needs of the asthmatic
      student. Results of a survey of teachers in local elementary schools confirmed
      their need for asthma education. The program, consisting of an audiovisual
      presentation, an informative brochure, and an instructional packet to use with
      first to sixth graders, is designed to be presented in faculty meetings
      throughout the school system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the module, a
      simple test is administered before and after the program. The program has been
      accepted by the American Lung Association of Alabama and is under consideration
      by the American Lung Association at the national level.

PMID- 6444201
TI  - Peptidyl-D-amino acid hydrolase from Loligo vulgaris Lam. Purification and
      characterization.
AB  - An enzyme, tentatively called peptidyl-D-amino acid hydrolase, has been purified
      from digestive juice from cecum intestine of Loligo vulgaris. The enzyme
      hydrolyzes peptides that have a low number of D- or L-amino acids. Proteins,
      polypeptides, and amino acid derivatives are not hydrolyzed. The enzyme acts as a
      carboxypeptidase with specificity toward small peptides. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration
      showed the enzyme to be homogeneous. The native enzyme has Mr = 140,000 and
      consists of two subunits of Mr = 106,000 and 36,000, respectively. The enzyme has
      an isoelectric point at pH 6.1. The extinction coefficient is 336,000 at 278 nm
      and the absorption spectrum reveals no chromophoric cofactors. The apparent Km
      values for Gly-D-Ala, Gly-L-Ala, L-Ala-D-Ala, L-Ala-L-Ala, D-Leu-D-Leu, and L-Leu
      L-Leu are 5.2, 7.7, 2.5, 2.8, 5.4, and 8.6 mM, respectively. The enzyme also
      hydrolyzes Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, and [D-Ala2] X Met-enkephalin. It has
      a broad pH optimum from 7.2 to 8.8 with a maximum at pH 8.0. The enzyme activity
      is not inhibited or increased by Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+ at a
      concentration of 1 mM or by guanidine chloride (50 mM)urea (3 M), and EDTA (50
      mM). 50 mM CaCl2, 1 mM CdCl2, and 1 mM Pb(CH3COO)2 inhibited the enzyme activity
      by 5-10%. Amino acid analysis of the purified enzyme revealed an abundance of
      aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and valine. We hypothesize that the enzyme
      described here serves to hydrolyze D-amino acid peptides, which are probably
      present in the nervous system of cephalopods.

PMID- 6444202
TI  - [Effect of hypothermia on subcellular distribution and various physico-chemical
      properties of cathepsin D in rat brain].
AB  - The total cooling ef rats down to the rectal temperature 30 degrees and 20
      degrees C does not change significantly the ratio of the relative specific
      activity of cathepsin D in subcellular fractions of the rat brain. The gel
      chromatographic analysis of heterogeneity of cathepsin D molecular forms in
      subcellular fractions established the presence of a high-molecular (in the
      fractions of lysosome and microsome mitochondria) and a low-molecular (in the
      fractions of lysosome and cytosol mitochondria) enzyme forms. Under hypothermia
      (20 degrees C) in the brain cytosol fraction there arises a minor zone of the
      cathepsin D activity corresponding to the high-molecular enzyme form.

PMID- 6444204
TI  - Multicenter phase II trial with 5-day continuous infusion of vindesine in
      metastatic malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6444203
TI  - The influence of cholesterol incorporation and removal on lipid-bilayer viscosity
      and electron transfer in rat-liver microsomes.
AB  - The incorporation and removal of cholesterol from rat liver microsomes was used
      as a methodical approach to investigate the molecular organization of microsomal
      redox-chains. It was shown that the incorporation of cholesterol in microsomes
      increases and removal of cholesterol decreases lipid bilayer viscosity as
      indicated from the rate of fluorescent probe-pyrene eximerisation in cholesterol
      enriched and cholesterol-depleted microsomes. The increase of membrane viscosity
      slows down the initial rates and decreases the rate constants of cytochrome b5
      reduction by NAD(P)H, whereas the decrease of membrane viscosity enhances the
      initial rates and increases the rate constants of these reactions. The rates of
      cytochrome P450 reduction by reduced pyridine nucleotides do not depend on the
      viscosity of lipid bilayer. The incorporation and removal of cholesterol from
      microsomes was not followed by any essential changes in the rates of
      dimethylaniline N-demethylation, aniline p-hydroxylation, p-nitroanisole O
      demethylation, oxygen consumption, oxidation of NADH and NADPH. Thus the
      reduction of cytochrome b5 by NADH and NADPH is the diffusion-dependent reaction
      in the redox-chains of microsomes only.

PMID- 6444205
TI  - Effects of KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 concentrations on the monomer-polymer
      equilibrium of actin in the presence and absence of cytochalasin D.
AB  - Critical metal concentrations of KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 below which actin cannot
      exist in filamentous form at equilibrium were estimated to be approximately 8 mM,
      0.2 mM, and 0.4 mM, respectively, when actin, 0.5 mg/ml, was incubated for a long
      time at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C. These values were obtained by viscosity, UV
      absorbance and pyrene-labeled actin fluorescence measurements. In the case of
      CaCl2, viscosity measurements resulted in a larger critical concentration, 0.7
      mM. It turned out that actin filaments formed in a low concentration of CaCl2
      were easily fragmented by shearing force. The higher the actin concentration, the
      lower the critical metal concentration was. The critical concentrations of actin
      above which actin can exist as a polymer at equilibrium became larger as the KCl,
      MgCl2, and CaCl2 concentrations were lower. It is advisable to add 0.05-0.1 mM
      CaCl2 to a depolymerization solution to obtain a concentrated monomeric solution.
      In the presence of cytochalasin D, which preferentially blocks the elongation at
      the barbed end of actin filaments, the critical concentrations of KCl and CaCl2
      were the same as in its absence. On the other hand, the critical concentration of
      MgCl2 was increased and the extent of polymerization was decreased by
      cytochalasin D. In the presence of 50 mM KCl and 1 microM cytochalasin D, 0.01
      0.1 mM MgCl2 markedly decreased the extent of polymerization of actin at
      equilibrium, where the critical actin concentration was tenfold increased. It is
      suggested that Mg2+ enhances dissociation of actin monomers at the pointed end of
      an actin filament.

PMID- 6444206
TI  - Interactions of DNA replication factors in vivo as detected by introduction of
      suppressor alleles of dnaA into other temperature-sensitive dna mutants.
AB  - Suppressor mutations located within dnaA can suppress the temperature sensitivity
      of a dnaZ polymerization mutant, indicating in vivo interaction of the products
      of these genes. The suppressor allele of dnaA [designated dnaA(SUZ, Cs)] could
      not be introduced, even at the permissive temperature, by transduction into
      temperature-sensitive (Ts) dnaC or dnaG recipients; it was transduced into
      dnaB(Ts) and dnaE(Ts) strains but at very low frequency. Recipient cells which
      were dnaA+ dnaE(Ts) were killed by the incoming dnaA(SUZ, Cs) allele, and it is
      presumed that combinations of dnaA(SUZ, Cs) with dnaB(Ts), dnaC(Ts), or dnaG(Ts)
      are lethal also. In one specific case, the lethality required the presence of
      three alleles: the incoming dnaA suppressor mutation, the resident dnaA+ gene,
      and the dnaB(Ts) gene. This was shown by the fact that dnaB(Ts) could readily be
      introduced into a dnaA(SUZ, Cs) dnaB+ recipient. That is, in the absence of
      dnaA+, the dnaA suppressor and dnaB(Ts) double mutant was stable. One model to
      explain these results proposes that the dnaA protein functions not only in
      initiation but also in the replication complex which contains multiple copies of
      dnaA and other replication factors.

PMID- 6444207
TI  - [Effect of experimental biotin deficiency on the morphology and histochemistry of
      the skin and claws in swine].

PMID- 6444208
TI  - [Isolation of geophilic dermatophytes on the Isla de la Juventud].

PMID- 6444209
TI  - [Histological and histochemical studies of the involution of the mammary gland in
      swine].

PMID- 6444210
TI  - [Hemostatic study in hemorrhagic dengue].

PMID- 6444211
TI  - Effects of structure and chemical activity on the ability of nitrosoureas to
      inhibit DNA repair.

PMID- 6444212
TI  - Relationship of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced suppressor cells to
      hematopoietic precursor cells.
AB  - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) stimulated the proliferation of granulocyte
      macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU) and activated suppressor cells that inhibit
      the immunization of T-lymphocytes in vitro. Increases in both CFU concentration
      and suppressor cell activity were moderate in the bone marrow and marked in the
      spleen of mice given BCG i.v. In the bone marrow, these increases were apparent 2
      days after treatment with BCG, while in the spleen they did not occur until 7
      days after BCG. A BCG strain that produced no increases in CFU concentration also
      produced no activation in suppressor cell activity. Fractionation of spleen cells
      through nylon wool and density gradients revealed that cell populations enriched
      in CFU were also enriched in suppressor cell activity. The paralelism in the
      response to CFU and suppressor cells to BCG indicates that there is a close
      relationship between these two cell populations.

PMID- 6444213
TI  - Right ventricular performance in essential hypertension.

PMID- 6444214
TI  - Thrombosed Bjork-Shiley mitral prostheses.

PMID- 6444215
TI  - C19 steroidal precursors of estrogens.
AB  - The pathways of biosynthesis of the estrogens from C19 steroids has been examined
      by in vitro kinetic experiments using human placental microsomes and two
      precursors, each labeled with a different radioisotope. The results indicate that
      under the conditions employed, androstenedione is an obligatory intermediate in
      the conversion of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (dehydroisoandrosterone) or
      its sulfate, dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, into estrone and estradiol. The same
      result was obtained when the microsomal fraction was replaced by either a 1000 x
      g supernatant preparation from human placenta or a homogenate of placental
      mitochondria. If alternative pathways involving C19-hydroxylated derivatives of
      dehydroisoandrosterone or its sulfate exist, they appear to be of minor
      quantitative significance.

PMID- 6444216
TI  - DNA synthesis is not required for the commitment of murine erythroleukemia cells.

PMID- 6444217
TI  - Dental service established with minimum effort.
AB  - Providing dental care to handicapped patients and children is a natural role for
      hospitals and one that can be undertaken without the need for lavish
      expenditures.

PMID- 6444218
TI  - Reconstitution of a functional coupling factor from the isolated subunits of
      Escherichia coli F1 ATPase.

PMID- 6444219
TI  - Ca2+-regulated release of an ATPase inhibitor protein from submitochondrial
      particles derived from skeletal muscles of the rat.

PMID- 6444220
TI  - The use of constant infusion of unlabeled dehydroepiandrosterone for the
      assessment of its metabolic clearance rate, its half-life, and its conversion
      into estrogens.
AB  - We have exploited the feasibility of utilizing constant infusion of unlabeled
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for calculating its MCR, its half-life (t1/2), and
      its conversion ratio into estrogens. In nonpregnant women, results obtained by
      infusion of unlabeled DHEA were similar to those obtained by the infusion of
      either labeled steroid or a mixture of labeled and unlabeled steroid. An increase
      of 3-fold in the infusion rate did not change any of these results, indicating
      that enzyme availability was not a limiting step in the production of estradiol
      (E2) from DHEA. When compared to the nonpregnancy state, term pregnancy was not
      associated with a change in plasma DHEA concentrations, but the MCR of DHEA of
      76.8 +/- 18.8 (SE) liters/kg.day was 2.5-fold higher and the t1/2 of 22.5 +/- 3.6
      min was 2-fold lower. The conversion ratio of DHEA into E2 increased during
      pregnancy by 500-fold, and DHEA contributed 9% of maternal circulating E2. In the
      first postpartum day, the MCR of DHEA and its t1/2 were not significantly
      different from those of term pregnancy, suggesting that the increased MCR of DHEA
      in pregnancy was not solely due to increased clearance of DHEA by the placenta.

PMID- 6444221
TI  - Sexual precocity in a female infant due to feminizing adrenal carcinoma.
AB  - A 21-month-old female with virilizing and then feminizing sexual precocity due to
      an adrenal adenocarcinoma treated surgically at 21 months of age is reported.
      Urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids were 116 and 106 mg/24 h and correlated with high
      plasma levels (1408 microgram/dl) of dehyroepiandrosterone sulfate. Plasma
      estradiol (17 ng/dl) and urinary estradiol levels (6.3 and 7.1 mu/24 h) were
      elevated to adult levels and associated with breast development, clitoral
      enlargement, and an estrogenized vagina. Plasma cortisol was normal. The patient
      remains healthy over 10 yr later, although capsular invasion was present.

PMID- 6444222
TI  - Activation of rabbit Hageman factor by homogenates of cultured rabbit endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Rabbit Hageman factor was proteolytically cleaved and activated by a homogenate
      prepared from cultured rabbit endothelial cells. Cleavage of radiolabeled Hageman
      factor was monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate. Endothelial cell-mediated cleavage of Hageman factor was
      demonstrated both in a purified system and in plasma, was time and concentration
      dependent, and was associated with formation of the characteristic 28,000 M(r)
      form of active Hageman factor. The rate of cleavage of Hageman factor was not
      affected by Triton X-100 (Rohm and Haas, Co., Philadelphia, Pa.), hexadimethrine
      bromide (Polybrene, Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.), hirudin,
      soybean trypsin inhibitor, or antisera to plasminogen or prekallikrein. However,
      cleavage was enhanced by kaolin, and was inhibited by diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate. The enzyme responsible for cleavage of Hageman factor was
      localized to the 100,000-g-sedimentable, subcellular fraction of the endothelial
      cell homogenate and was relatively specific, because neither radiolabeled rabbit
      Factor XI nor rabbit prekallikrein were themselves proteolytically cleaved by the
      endothelial cell homogenate. However, when these molecules were incubated with
      the homogenate in the presence of Hageman factor, both Factor XI and
      prekallikrein were cleaved, demonstrating that Hageman factor had been activated
      by the endothelial cell homogenate. Furthermore, the kallikrein generated by
      endothelial cell homogenate-activated Hageman factor was capable of liberating
      kinin from high molecular weight kininogen as measured by bioassay. Cultured
      rabbit endothelial cells, therefore, possess the capacity to activate Hageman
      factor by proteolysis. This may be one mechanism for Hageman factor activation in
      vivo.

PMID- 6444223
TI  - The biologic effects of allogeneic effect factor on T lymphocytes. I. The
      mitogenic activity and the autonomous induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by
      AEF.
AB  - Studies presented herein illustrate the capacity of the soluble mediator,
      allogeneic effect factor (AEF), which is derived from histoincompatible cell
      interactions, to induce the in vitro differentiation of normal murine splenic
      lymphocytes into mature cytotoxic cells capable of exerting activity on H-2
      identical target cells. This process requires the presence of T lymphocytes
      during the sensitization phase, and the lytic activity on tumor cells is mediated
      by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The capacity of AEF to induce differentiation
      of such CTL does not require the presence of stimulating target cells in the
      sensitization phase. The induction of CTL requires the presence of AEF at the
      initiation of culture, although exposure to AEF as brief as 1 hr is sufficient to
      induce fresh spleen cells to differentiate into CTL during the subsequent 5 days
      in culture. In addition to its ability to induce CTL, AEF is highly mitogenic for
      T lymphocytes. However, the mitogenic and the CTL-inducing activities of AEF can
      be experimentally dissociated, indicating that different subpopulations of T
      lymphocytes may be involved in the response to AEF. In contrast to similar
      soluble helper factors derived from allogeneic cell interactions, AEF appears to
      be unique in its ability to autonomously induce a primary CTL response in vitro.

PMID- 6444224
TI  - Direct suppression of lymphocyte induction by the immunoregulatory human serum
      low density lipoprotein, LDL-In.
AB  - Preparations of LDL-In, an immunosuppressive lipoprotein subfraction, were
      analyzed for the capacity to directly suppress the response of human lymphocytes
      to the representative stimulant PHA vis-a-vis indirect mechanisms mediated by
      soluble factors or cell:cell interactions. Serum lipoprotein subfraction enriched
      in LDL-In induced a suppressed state in lymphocytes during 18-hr induction
      cultures. These lymphocytes, whether partially or completely suppressed, when
      added to fresh responder lymphocytes in the presence of PHA did not suppress the
      response of the responder lymphocytes. In contrast, the major low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) did not suppress lymphocytes at equivalent concentration in the
      induction culture, nor did LDL-exposed lymphocytes suppress responder
      lymphocytes. The supernatant medium from LDL-In-suppressed lymphocytes did not
      contain a newly synthesized or released suppressive factor. Finally, LDL-In
      suppressed lymphocytes were not rescued by normal lymphocytes. Each of these
      observations, and previous evidence that adherent cells do not mediate the
      biologic effects of LDL-In, support the hypothesis that the biologic
      manifestations of LDL-In suppression of lymphocyte function result from a direct
      effect on the lymphocyte that is exposed to this lipoprotein, possibly via the
      previously demonstrated LDL-In receptor.

PMID- 6444225
TI  - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity opposing effects of
      hydrocortisone.

PMID- 6444226
TI  - A new lymphocyte surface protein present in normal urine. II. Cellular
      distribution and biologic properties.
AB  - A protein component present in normal human urine has been found on the surface
      of epidermal cells and lymphocytes. This protein, called urinary acidic antigen
      (UA), can not be detected in concentrated fractions of normal human serum by
      double immunodiffusion, suggesting that it is quickly cleared from the
      circulation. It is readily detected, however, in sera of patients with renal
      failure. Although it can be eliminated from the cell surface by repeated washings
      with PBS, it was shown to cap with anti-UA-specific antiserum. Anti-UA suppresses
      PWM-induced proliferation, but not the lymphocyte response to PHA, Con A, or
      allogeneic cells. Thus UA appears to have a specific relationship to the pokeweed
      response. Whether it is a structural component of the PWM receptor is uncertain.

PMID- 6444227
TI  - Stimulating cell types in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction in man.

PMID- 6444228
TI  - Allogeneic radiation chimeras respond to TNP-modified donor and host targets.
AB  - Tolerance to major histocompatibility antigens as well as the ability to mount a
      cytotoxic response to hapten-modified cells of bone marrow donor and host origin
      was studied in allogeneic radiation chimeras. Lethally irradiated (C57BL/6 X
      DBA/2)F1 hosts reconstituted with anti-Thy 1.2 + C-treated bone marrow from
      (C57BL/6 X CBA)F1 mice showed tolerance to the MHC antigens of the three parental
      strains as measured by MLC and CML assay. The chimeras responded normally to
      unrelated allogeneic cells. Chimeric animals generated a cytotoxic response to
      hapten-modified cells of both donor (CBA) and host (DBA/2) haplotypes, as well as
      to C57BL/6, demonstrating that tolerance to the hapten-presenting host haplotype
      is sufficient to allow a cytotoxic antihapten response, and that processing
      through a semiallogeneic host environment does not affect the ability to generate
      a response to hapten in conjunction with self-determinants. Chimeras failed to
      mount a cytotoxic response to hapten presented on nontolerated allogeneic spleen
      cells.

PMID- 6444229
TI  - Limited proteolysis of C5b-6: functional stability of the degraded complex.

PMID- 6444230
TI  - Limiting dilution analysis of alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. IV. High
      frequency of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor cells in MLC blasts separated by
      velocity sedimentation.
AB  - A sensitive limiting dilution microculture system was used to obtain minimal
      estimates of the frequency of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor cells (CTL-P)
      directed against DBA/2 alloantigens, after priming of spleen cells in
      unidirectional mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC, C57BL/6 anti-DBA/2). The mean CTL-P
      frequency in day 4 to 5 MLC populations was found to be approximately 50- to 100
      fold greater than the frequency in normal spleen, and up to 25% of the cells
      present in such MLC could be identified operationally as CTL-P. Even higher
      frequencies (up to 50%) of CTL-P were obtained in a population of large-sized
      cells separated from day 4 MLC by velocity sedimentation. Furthermore, since a
      strikingly quantitative correlation was observed between CTL activity and CTL-P
      frequency in such separated MLC populations, it is likely that mature CTL in MLC
      are not end cells, but can further proliferate and thus behave operationally as
      CTL-P.

PMID- 6444231
TI  - Intracellular concentration of skeletal and cardiac muscle phosphofructokinase in
      diabetic and normal animals.
AB  - An RIA has been developed for rabbit muscle PFK, an allosteric enzyme which
      catalyzes the pacemaker reaction of glucose utilization. The assay which could
      accurately measure as little as 12 ng (37.5 fmol) of the tetrameric enzyme was
      applied to extracts of skeletal and cardiac muscle of animals subjected to four
      different nutritional conditions and to alloxan diabetes. The concentration of
      enzyme remained unchanged in all conditions: mean value in anterior tibial muscle
      was 2.99 microM (S.D., 0.20; N, 32); in left ventricle, 0.66 microM (S.D., 0.07;
      N, 29). It may be concluded that control of the reaction is mainly, if not
      exclusively, by  allosteric phenomena and not by insulin- or nutrition-dependent
      changes in intracellular concentration of the enzyme.

PMID- 6444232
TI  - Alterations in organic ion transport induced by gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the
      rat.

PMID- 6444233
TI  - Supressor monocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Evidence of
      suppressor activity associated with a cell-free soluble product of monocytes.
AB  - Abnormal SLE mononuclear cell responses to PHA can be corrected by removal of
      adherent mononuclear cells. The present study demonstrates that cell-free
      supernatants from allogeneic adherent cell cultures inhibit lymphocyte response
      and that addition of indomethacin to cultures partly blocks the inhibitory effect
      of the resulting supernatant. Supernatants from SLE monocyte cultures suppressed
      allogeneic normal T cell responses by 36% (response in supernatant 33,515 +/-
      3814 cpm, media control 51,947 +/- 3173 cpm) but normal monocyte culture
      supernatants did not suppress (48,384 +/- 4172 vs. 47,477 +/- 3221 cpm). Early
      (less than 24 hr) addition of indomethacin to monocyte cultures prevented
      elaboration of inhibitory material. In normals, indomethacin-treated supernatants
      were strikingly stimulatory (response 178% +/- 24 of control), whereas similarly
      treated supernatants of SLE monocyte cultures were not stimulatory (response 103%
      +/- 8 of control). The data indicate that a soluble inhibitor of lymphocyte
      blastogenesis is produced by SLE monocytes.

PMID- 6444234
TI  - Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. V. Reversal of
      trinitrophenyl-modified self suppression of the B-cell response by blocking of H
      2 antigens.
AB  - Trinitrophenylated syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) are potent tolerogens of the
      anti-TNP plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in vivo and in vitro. This
      unresponsive state requires T cells for both its induction and maintenance.
      Because H-2K/D-restricted cytotoxic T cells are also induced by exposure to TNP
      SC, we determined the role(s) of histocompatibility antigens (K, I, and D) in the
      suppression of the PFC response by TNP-SC. We treated syngeneic TNP-modified
      stimulator cells with antiserum directed at K-, I-, or D-region determinants and
      found that blocking of H-2K or D antigens on TNP-SC transformed these tolerogens
      into immunogens capable of eliciting an anti-TNP PFC response in the absence of
      extrinsic immunogens like TNP-polymerized flagellin. In H-2k or H-2a(k/d) mice,
      only H-2Kk needs to be blocked on the stimulator cells, whereas H-2K or D
      recognition was apparent in B10.A(4R) mice. These observations indicate that
      suppression of the PFC response by TNP-SC shows the same restriction in
      recognition as does the cytotoxic T-cell response. Furthermore, our results
      suggest that TNP-I-A is recognized by the helper cells in this system as the
      intrinsic antigen. When both TNP-K and TNP-I-A are present and available on the
      same stimulator cell, suppression (via modified K recognition) is dominant over
      help.

PMID- 6444235
TI  - Participation of suppressor T cells in the immunosuppressive activity of a
      heteroantiserum to human Ia-like antigens (p23,30).
AB  - We studied the effects of an antiserum to human Ia-like antigens (p23,30) upon
      the polyclonal activation of normal B cells (cultured with various combination of
      irradiated and unirradiated T cells) to become immunoglobulin-secreting cells
      after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen in vitro. We found that the antiserum
      suppressed immunoglobulin production. The inhibitory effect did not appear to
      result from a simple interaction at the B-cell/monocyte level alone. Rather, the
      inhibitory effect required the presence of a radiosensitive subset of autologous
      suppressor T cells.

PMID- 6444236
TI  - T-cell-mediated suppression of anti-tumor immunity. An explanation for
      progressive growth of an immunogenic tumor.
AB  - The results of this paper are consistent with the hypothesis that progressive
      growth of the Meth A fibrosarcoma evokes the generation of a T-cell-mediated
      mechanism of immunosuppression that prevents this highly immunogenic tumor from
      being rejected by its immunocompetent host. It was shown that it is possible to
      cause the regression of large, established Meth A tumors by intravenous infusion
      of tumor-sensitized T cells from immune donors, but only if the tumors are
      growing in T-cell-deficient recipients. It was also shown that the adoptive T
      cell-mediated regression of tumors in such recipients can be prevented by prior
      infusion of splenic T cells from T-cell-intact, tumor-bearing donors. The results
      leave little doubt that the presence of suppressor T cells in T-cell-intact,
      tumor-bearing mice is responsible for the loss of an earlier generated state of
      concomitant immunity, and for the inability of intravenously infused, sensitized
      T cells to cause tumor regression. Because the presence of suppressor T cells
      generated in response to the Meth A did not suppress the capacity of Meth A
      bearing mice to generate and express immunity against a tumor allograft, it is
      obvious that they were not in a state of generalized immunosuppression.

PMID- 6444237
TI  - Experimental retinoid effective in treatment of severe acne.

PMID- 6444238
TI  - Reactions to providone iodine preparation.

PMID- 6444239
TI  - The Education of All Handicapped Children Act [pl 94-142]: new responsibilities
      and opportunities for the school nurse.

PMID- 6444240
TI  - Immunological aspects of contact sensitivity.

PMID- 6444241
TI  - Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate on skeletal mobilization of calcium in
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), an inhibitor of oestoclast activity,
      was evaluated for its ability to decrease the excessive mobilization of skeletal
      calcium that complicates multiple myeloma. Ten patients with active myeloma, wide
      spread bone disease, and hypercalciuria were studied in a double-blind, placebo
      controlled, crossover-designed trial in which they took Cl2MDP for eight weeks
      and placebos for eight weeks. Two patients died during the placebo phase; of
      eight patients who received Cl2MDP, seven had rapid, sustained, and highly
      significant (P less than 0.001) decreases in urinary excretion of calcium. Six
      also had significant decreases in hydroxyproline excretion, and five reported
      lessening of skeletal pain. On patient did not respond. Although the patients
      received concurrent chemotherapy during the study, concentrations of myeloma
      proteins actually increased or decreased only slightly, indicating the declines
      in hypercalciuria resulted from Cl2MDP and not from improvement in the underlying
      disease. We conclude that Cl2MDP is a potentially useful inhibitor of osteoclast
      mediated bone erosion in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6444242
TI  - New diphosphonates to block bone resorption.

PMID- 6444243
TI  - A rho-recognition site on phage lambda cro-gene mRNA.
AB  - The synthesis of RNA catalysed by RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli is
      terminated at specific sites on DNA templates through the action of a multimeric
      basic protein known as rho (refs 1, 2). Three lines of evidence suggest that an
      interactions of rho with the nascent RNA is important for this termination.
      First, rho binds strongly to RNA; second, rho expresses an RNA-dependent ATPase
      activity which is essential for termination; third, RNA polymerase does not
      terminate RNA synthesis at rho-dependent sites when the nascent RNA is digested
      by ribonuclease during transcription. From the fact that certain RNAs,
      particularly single-stranded, pyrimidine-rich polymers containing at least 10%
      cytidylate residues, are more effective than other RNAs at promoting rho-ATPase,
      it has been proposed that rho recognises specific sites oion on a mRNA
      transcribed from bacteriophage lambda DNA.

PMID- 6444244
TI  - Potential of Escherichia coli isolated from nature to propagate cloning vectors.

PMID- 6444245
TI  - E. coli recA protein-directed cleavage of phage lambda repressor requires
      polynucleotide.
AB  - The recA protein mediates both genetic recombination and several cellular
      responses to DNA damage, including the induction of temperate bacteriophage.
      Indication of phage lambda results from proteolytic cleavage of lambda repressor
      directed by recA protein. We show here that this cleavage reaction requires both
      polynucleotide and ATP. We suggest that a stoichiometric complex of recA protein
      and DNA is active both to destroy repressors by proteolytic cleavage and to
      initiate pairing of this DNA to its homologous sequence in a DNA duplex ('strand
      invasion').

PMID- 6444246
TI  - Morphogenetic genes C and Nu3 overlap in bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - In bacteriophage lambda, genes C and Nu3, two of the four cistrons which are
      essential for normal prohead formation, have overlapping nucleotide sequences.
      These genes are translated in the same reading frame so that the Nu3 protein is
      identical to the COOH-terminal one-third of the C protein. This structural
      relationship may provide for the functional interaction of the C and Nu3 proteins
      through their regions of structural homology during prohead assembly. The in
      phase overlapping organisation of genes may constitute a general strategy to
      facilitate the mutual interaction of a pair of proteins through their common
      structural domains.

PMID- 6444247
TI  - Development of specific suppressor cells in hypoinsulinaemic mice.
AB  - Mice and rats injected with alloxan or streptozotocin develop permanent diabetes,
      characterised by deficient insulin production. It has been demonstrated that
      hypoinsulinaemia in mice leads to significant loss of lymphatic tissue, and these
      diabetic animals cannot develop contact sensitivity or efficient graft rejection.
      Administration of insulin partially restored these responses and also caused an
      increase in the weight of the thymus and spleen. Similar suppression of T cell
      dependent phenomena has been observed in surgically pancreatectomised rats.
      Lymphocytes of these hypoinsulinaemic animals show significantly decreased in
      vitro responses to plant lectins and generate only low levels of cytotoxic
      effector cells. We previously showed that cells of normoglycaemic oxazolone
      sensitised mice cannot transfer significant contact sensitivity reactions into
      diabetic recipients indicating that the milieu of hyperglycaemic insulin
      deficient animals cannot support all the activity of immune T cells. By mixing
      immunised T cells from control and diabetic mice and transferring the mixtures
      into normal recipients we now show that the non-supportive millieu in diabetic
      animals may be due to active suppression rather than to athrepsis.

PMID- 6444248
TI  - Functional and molecular organisation of an antigen-specific suppressor factor
      from a T-cell hybridoma.
AB  - Thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes have been shown to have antigen specificity. The
      antigen receptor on T lymphocytes, in contrast to that on B lymphocytes, does not
      appear to be of the conventional immunoglobulin (Ig) type. Studies on the antigen
      specific factors derived from helper and suppressor T cells (Ts) demonstrated
      that they possess determinants with antigen binding affinity and products of
      genes in the H-2 complex (MHC). Furthermore, antibodies against the variable
      region of Ig heavy chains or idiotypes have been shown to react with T-cell
      antigen receptors as well as antigen-specific helper and suppressor T-cell
      factors (TsF). It is, therefore, conceivable that at least two gene products are
      involved in the structural entity of these receptors: one each coded for by genes
      in either. To establish the molecular nature of the recognition component of T
      cells we have used homogeneous TsF from a T-cell hybridoma with a specific
      function. We report here that the antigen binding and I-J coded molecules on TsF
      are independently synthesised in the cytoplasm, and are secreted as an associated
      form of the two molecules; this association is required for antigen-specific
      suppression of antibody response.

PMID- 6444249
TI  - An unusual skin reaction following local anesthetic injection. Review of the
      literature and report of four cases.
AB  - Four cases of an unusual skin eruption related to mandibular block injection are
      presented. The authors suggest an immunologic basis for the reaction, probably to
      the methylparaben preseravtive, and discuss a possible pathogenic mechanism. The
      medical-dental literature concerning untoward reactions to lidocaine is reviewed;
      particular attention is given alleged allergic reactions.

PMID- 6444250
TI  - Drug-induced illness. Causes for delayed diagnosis and a strategy for early
      recognition.
AB  - Drug-induced illness is common in any clinical practice. The consequences of
      failure or delay in diagnosis--persistent or recurring illness, unnecessary
      diagnostic evaluation, inappropriate treatment, and future jeopardy from the drug
      -can be avoided by early recognition. Using descriptions of cases from his
      practice, the author explores the reasons for failure or delay in diagnosis of
      drug-induced illness and suggests a stretegy for early recognition.

PMID- 6444251
TI  - Treating chronic low back pain. EMG biofeedback training during movement.
AB  - Fifteen sessions of EMG biofeedback training to low back musculature were
      completed by a patient with chronic low back pain during a five-week interval.
      The training was provided while standing, during trunk movements, and for
      movement patterns which exacerbated pain. Specific joint ranges of motion and
      pain ratings were recorded at each session. A minitrainer worn by the patient in
      his occupational setting was used to reinforce training. Joint ranges of motion
      increased over time while variability in integrated EMG was reduced. Subjective
      pain ratings declined after 11 of 17 sessions and remained "very low" throughout
      a follow-up period. The patient substantially decreased intake of prescription
      drugs. Fifteen weeks after the first treatment session, the patient was still
      able to minimize variability in EMG activity for specific body positioning.

PMID- 6444252
TI  - Comparison of the effects of neutron and/or photon irradiation on spontaneous
      squamous-cell carcinoma in mice.
AB  - The effect of 30MeV D+ leads to Be NIRS cyclotron neutrons on a spontaneous NR-S1
      squamous-cell carcinoma was studied. The TD50 (number of tumor cells required for
      transplantation in half the sites) and tumor growth delay time (TGD) were
      determined. The RBE of 200-kVp x rays at the 10% survival level was 1.9 for
      aerobic cells and 2.0 for hypoxic cells; the OER at the same level was congruent
      to 1.7. Tumor cells irradiated with neutrons were unable to repair potentially
      lethal damage, in contrast to x-irradiated tumor cells. The RBE of 50-MeV D+
      leads to Be neutrons was inversely related to deuteron energy for hypoxic cells.
      The relationship between TGD and peak skin indicated no benefit from mixed beams
      or 5 neutron doses.

PMID- 6444253
TI  - Preparation of DNA transfer reagent: carcinogenic by-product.
AB  - In the briefing "Caribbean med school in Washington, D.C.?" (News and Comment, 16
      Nov. 1979, p. 799), it is stated that American University hired an instructor
      from George Washington University to teach students of the displaced University
      of Dominica. This is not correct. The instructor hired was from Georgetown
      University.

PMID- 6444254
TI  - Myosin heads do not move on activation in highly stretched vertebrate striated
      muscle.
AB  - Highly stretched muscles in which thick and thin filaments no longer overlap
      produce little or no tension on activation. In preparations producing no tension,
      the 42.9-nanometer myosin layer line shown in x-ray diffraction patterns does not
      become weaker. This suggests that myosin heads do not move from their resting
      positions in the absence of actin.

PMID- 6444255
TI  - Neurotrophic influence on lobster skeletal muscle.
AB  - The correlation between histochemical properties of muscle fibers and the pattern
      of innervation by the two motor neurons was studied in the asymmetric claw closer
      muscles of the lobster. The closer muscle of the cutter claw is composed of 65
      percent fast muscle fibers and 35 percent slow muscle fibers, whereas that in the
      crusher claw has all slow muscle fibers. In both claws, myofibrillar
      adenosinetriphosphatase activity was independent of the pattern of innervation.
      Oxidative capacity, as measured by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      activity, was correlated with motor axon presence: Muscle fibers innervated
      solely by the "fast" motor axon had low oxidative capacity, muscle fibers
      receiving only the slow motor axon had very high oxidative capacity, and fibers
      innervated by both axons had intermediate properties. The data suggest that the
      motor neurons may exert trophic influences that control certain muscle fiber
      properties but not others.

PMID- 6444256
TI  - Chronic neck and back pain: a reassessment of usual surgical treatment.
AB  - One hundred seventeen patients with chronic (noncancerous) back or neck pain had
      multidisciplinary evaluation in the Medical College of Virginia Pain Center and
      were followed up for one year. They ranged in age from 26 to 57 years. The 57
      patients who had surgery had an average of 2.5 procedures (either  laminectomies
      or back fusion) and only five of them returned to work. By contrast, 16 of 60
      patients who had not had operation were able to secure employment after
      evaluation and treatment in the Pain Center.

PMID- 6444257
TI  - Technique of profundaplasty.

PMID- 6444258
TI  - Operative confirmation of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of intestinal
      ischemia.
AB  - The prediction at operation of viability of ischemic intestine frequently is
      difficult and has resulted in recommendations for reoperation to assess intestine
      of questionable viability. This report describes the use of the Doppler
      ultrasonic flowmeter in three patients with ischemic intestine caused by acute
      superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis. Reliability of the Doppler technique was
      confirmed at second-look operations in each patient.

PMID- 6444259
TI  - Superinfection exclusion by lambda prophage in lysogens of Salmonella
      typhimurium.

PMID- 6444260
TI  - Placental chorioangioma: a rare cause of congestive heart failure and hydrops
      fetalis in the newborn.

PMID- 6444261
TI  - Current concepts of left ventricular relaxation and compliance.

PMID- 6444262
TI  - The heart in chronic alcoholism: a noninvasive study.
AB  - The echocardiogram and systolic time intervals were used to evaluate cardiac
      function in 73 chronic alcoholic subjects without symptoms of heart disease. All
      were below the age of 45 years and none had arterial hypertension or history of
      heart disease. The echocardiograms of chronic alcoholic individuals revealed
      increased thickness of the left ventricular wall (10.4 mm. +/- 1.05, normal
      controls 8.76 mm. +/- .86, p less than 0.001), interventricular septum (11.71 mm.
      +/- 1.33, normal controls 9.63 +/- 1.24, p less than 0.001) and markedly
      increased left ventricular mass (145 gm./M.2 +/- 32, normal controls 101 +/-
      20.7, p less than 0.001). The echocardiographic indices of myocardial
      contractility (ejection fraction, wall excursion and velocity, circumferential
      fiber shortening) were normal. Systolic time intervals revealed shortening of
      ejection time and prolongation of the pre-ejection period. It was found that
      approximately half of the asymptomatic alcoholic subjects have left ventricular
      hypertrophy without echocardiographic evidence of decreased myocardial
      contractility. It is suggested that abnormal systolic time intervals may be due
      to decreased myocardial compliance.

PMID- 6444263
TI  - Left ventricular relaxation and filling pattern in different forms of left
      ventricular hypertrophy: an echocardiographic study.

PMID- 6444264
TI  - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease appearing as acute, recurrent abdominal pain.

PMID- 6444265
TI  - Macrophages: modulators of immunity. Parke-Davis Award Lecture.

PMID- 6444266
TI  - Mithramycin and long remission of Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 6444267
TI  - Alterations in insulin absorption and in blood glucose control associated with
      varying insulin injection sites in diabetic patients.
AB  - In seven insulin-dependent diabetic subjects the disappearance rate of 125I
      labelled short-acting insulin from injection sites in the abdominal wall was 86%
      greater than from the leg (P less than 0.005) and 30% greater than from the arm
      (P less than 0.05). Absorption from the arm was 40% greater than from the leg (P
      less than 0.05). The postprandial rise in plasma glucose concentration varied
      inversely with the rate of insulin absorption and was 30 to 50 mg/dL less after
      abdominal than after leg injection; the glycemic response after arm injection was
      intermediate between that after leg and abdominal injection. These results
      indicate that changing the insulin injection site from the leg to the abdomen or
      arm accelerates the absorption of insulin and diminishes the postprandial rise in
      plasma glucose. Varying insulin injection sites within the same anatomic region
      rather than between different regions may diminish daily variations in insulin
      absorption and in metabolic control in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

PMID- 6444268
TI  - Ultrastructural defects of respiratory tract cilia associated with chronic
      infections.
AB  - Ultrastructural defects were demonstrated in nasal and bronchial cilia from a 12
      year-old boy with repeated upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Numerous
      abnormalities were found, including single axonemes surrounded by excess
      cytoplasmic matrix, compound cilia, intracytoplasmic microtubular doublets, and
      cilia contained within a periciliary sheath. Dynein arms were missing from the
      majority of the peripheral microtubular doublets. The most striking abnormality,
      however, was a disorientation of cilia as judged by the increased variation in
      the orientation of central microtubules. Because of these ultrastructural
      abnormalities, it is highly likely that ciliary motility was markedly decreased
      and that defective mucociliary transport was responsible for chronic and repeated
      upper respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 6444269
TI  - Infected Dacron mesorenal portosystemic shunt.
AB  - A serious septicemia developed in a patient two years after placement of a Dacron
      mesorenal shung for bleeding esophageal varices. The source of the sepsis
      remained unknown for 13 months and was refractory to antibiotic therapy.
      Roentgenographic studies showed the shunt to be patent and without intralumenal
      thrombus. At operation, the shung was being contaminated by a hole in the
      proximal jejunum and the patient has been cured of sepsis by removing the shunt.
      In contrast to the presentation of infected prosthesis used in the arterial
      system, infectious complications of prosthesis used in the portal systemic venous
      system occur without thrombosis of the shunt, aneurysm formation, or
      intraintestinal bleeding thus making operative evaluation the only means of
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6444270
TI  - Purification of F4 phosphofructokinase from human platelets and comparison with
      the other phosphofructokinase forms.
AB  - The phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.11) tetramers F4, F3L and F2L2 have been separated from human platelets,
      and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on Dextran Blue-Sepharose
      4B. The F subunits have a molecular weight of 85 000, identical to that of the M
      subunits. By contrast with L-type phosphofructokinase, the F-type enzyme seems to
      exist predominantly in a tetrameric form and not to aggregate to high molecular
      weight polymers. Specific activity of pure F4 phosphofructokinase is about 140
      IU/mg of protein. Immunologically, it is easy to distinguish all the basic
      phosphofructokinase forms (i.e. M, L and F types); nevertheless a slight
      immunological cross-reactivity seems to exist between all these forms.

PMID- 6444271
TI  - Characterization of experimental phenylketonuria. Augmentation of
      hyperphenylalaninemia with alpha-methylphenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine.
AB  - Phenylalanine in conjunction with p-chlorophenylalanine or alpha
      methylphenylalanine was administered to suckling rats to induce
      hyperphenylalaninemia reminiscent of untreated phenylketonuria, and developmental
      parameters were monitored. The experimental model utilizing p-chlorophenylalanine
      was found to be unsatisfactory, in that the drug had general deleterious effects
      on growth, numerous side effects including increased mortality, and affected
      brain levels of biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters. The model utilizing alpha
      methylphenylalanine was relatively free from nonspecific effects and thus,
      changes observed in the animals were attributable to experimental
      phenylketonuria. The latter animals had slightly decreased body and brain
      weights, and exhibited grossly elevated serum phenylalanine and urinary excretion
      of phenylketone metabolites. Hyperphenylalaninemia produced greatly disrupted
      brain amino acids at 10 days of age (prior to the formalization of the blood
      brain barrier and specific transport systems) which was limited by 30 days of age
      to changes in glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and the aliphatic and aromatic
      amino acids which compete for uptake in the brain by a common carrier. These
      animals also exhibited a myelin deficit and changes in proteins from isolated
      nerve cell preparations. Mature animals which had daily treatment up to 60 days
      of age exhibited a long-term learning impairment. These observations are
      consistent with many aspects of the clinical picture of untreated phenylketonuric
      patients, and suggest that this animal model will be beneficial in studying the
      disease.

PMID- 6444272
TI  - Support of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation by procoagulant-inactive and
      plasmin-cleaved forms of human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor.

PMID- 6444273
TI  - Plasma concentrations of platelet-specific proteins correlated with platelet
      survival.
AB  - Relationships between 51Cr platelet survival and plasma concentrations of beta
      thromboglobulin (betaTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were analyzed in 91 studies
      of patients with coronary artery disease. betaTG was significantly correlated
      with platelet life-span, turnover, and the number of hits in the multiple hit
      model. PF4 was significantly correlated with life-span and turnover. The most
      significant relationship involving platelet-specific protein concentrations and
      life-span estimates was between betaTG and life-span estimated using the multiple
      hit model (r = -0.39, p less than 0.001). There was a high correlation between
      betaTG and PF4 (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001), and no improvement could be
      obtained by combining the measurements of the two proteins in any regression with
      life-span or turnover. The results indicate that the patients with the shortest
      platelet survival time in this group tended to have the highest plasma
      concentration of betaTG and PF4 and thus probably increased in vivo release of
      betaTG and PF4. They strengthen the claim that these platelet-specific proteins
      may be indicators of platelet involvement in disease.

PMID- 6444274
TI  - The physical and functional heterogeneity of circulating lymphocyte populations.
AB  - There is a considerable heterogeneity amongst populations of both fixed and
      circulating lymphocytes other than that determined by the organs from which these
      cells originate. The functional differences with which these cells are endowed
      during their primary differentiation are further modified by the changing
      environments they encounter during their life and by reassortitive processes
      occurring during their migration. The range of inductive and modulating stimuli
      applied to the free-floating and fixed lymphoid cell populations in different
      parts of the lymphatic apparatus is changing continually and this leads to
      patterns of cell differentiation which persist for variable periods of time. The
      experience of a variety of environmental interactions gives the lymphocyte a
      range of reactive options which are denied to those cells held in fixed
      relationships with other cells. As a consquence there is no predictable
      equivalence in the morphological or functional attributes of different lymphocyte
      populations present in different parts of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 6444275
TI  - Serum immunosuppression test as a new tool for immunodiagnosis of lung cancer.
AB  - The immunosuppressive activity of serum from lung cancer patients on the anti
      sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cell response in mouse spleens was evaluated
      by an in vivo technique in 64 patients with lung cancer and in a control group
      composed of 53 patients with a variety of nonmalignant disorders and 15 healthy
      adults. When immunization with sheep red blood cells was done on Day 5 after
      serum injection, the frequency of immunosuppression by serum from lung cancer
      patients [50 of 64 (78%)] was significantly higher than with serum from patients
      with nonmalignant diseases [3 of 53 (6%); p less than 0.025] or from healthy
      adults [1 of 15 (7%); p less than 0.005]. In serum from lung cancer patients,
      there was no correlation between the serum immunosuppressive activity and
      histological classification. However, sera from Stage II patients showed a
      relatively high frequency of suppression [25 of 27 (93%)] compared with sera from
      the Stage I group [7 of 14 (50%); p less than 0.005]. In experiments examining
      the transfer of plaque-forming cell-suppressive activity, tests using 10(7)
      thymus cells and more than 10(5) spleen cells from mice given injections of lung
      cancer serum indicated that suppressive action is mediated by the generation of
      suppressor cells by lung cancer serum. The clinical use of this test in diagnosis
      and immunological studies of lung cancer is discussed.

PMID- 6444276
TI  - Thymus dependency of neonatal tolerance induction in the absence of detectable
      suppressor cells.

PMID- 6444277
TI  - Monocytes as accessory cells in the human mixed lymphocyte response: lack of
      requirement at high cell densities.

PMID- 6444278
TI  - A comparison of volume conductor and source geometry effects on body surface and
      epicardial potentials.

PMID- 6444279
TI  - Mechanical properties of myocardium from hypertrophied rat hearts. A comparison
      between hypertrophy induced by senescence and by aortic banding.

PMID- 6444280
TI  - Characterization of the cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic mothers.
AB  - A transient form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been previously described in
      infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). The purpose of this study was to determine
      the incidence, natural history and pathologic features of this cardiomyopathy in
      symptomatic and asymptomatic IDMs. We studied 47 IDMs for evidence of
      cardiomyopathy. Among 24 symptomatic IDMs, five had marked septal hypertrophy
      with echocardiographic features suggesting left ventricular outflow obstruction
      and five had hypertrophy of the right ventricular free wall. With the exception
      of mild septal hypertrophy, these abnormalities resolved during the first 6
      months of life, and echocardiograms in the first-degree family members were
      normal. Of 23 asymptomatic IDMs, three had septal hypertrophy and two had right
      ventricular free wall hypertrophy; none of the asymptomatic IDMs had evidence of
      outflow obstruction. One symptomatic IDM died, and autopsy revealed a
      hypertrophic septum that distorted both ventricular cavities. Microscopic
      examination revealed hypertrophic fibers and occasional areas of cellular
      disarray in the septum. Despite the clinical and pathologic similarities of the
      cardiomyopathy in IDMs to the hypertropic cardiomyopathies in older children and
      adults, its transient and nonfamilial nature suggest that it is a separate
      disease. We speculate that it is a manifestation of the generalized organomegaly
      in IDMs.

PMID- 6444281
TI  - Determinants of ECG LVH.

PMID- 6444282
TI  - Analysis of gas chromatography/electron capture detector sensitive substances in
      human serum in relation to the determination of iodochlorhydroxyquin
      concentration.
AB  - We found that human sera can be divided into five types depending on the gas
      chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD) chromatogram pattern. A
      preliminary GC/MS study on one of the GC/ECD peaks has suggested the presence of
      a hitherto unknown iodine-containing substance of probably endogenous origin.

PMID- 6444283
TI  - [Hypercalcaemia as first symptom of acute lymphatic leukaemia: aetiology and
      treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - A hypercalcaemic crisis was the first manifestation of acute lymphatic leukaemia
      in a two-year-old girl. Admiinistration of prednisolone improved the child's
      general condition but obscured the true diagnosis which was made only when
      another hypercalcaemic crisis occurred. Unexplained hypercalcaemia should make
      one consider the possibility of a malignant blood dyscrasia. Forced diuresis,
      cortisone and mithramycin can be used therapeutically to achieve a rapid fall in
      calcium level.

PMID- 6444284
TI  - A serum-free medium supplemented with multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA)
      supports both proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in primary
      culture.

PMID- 6444285
TI  - Neuromuscular responses to gait perturbations in freely moving cats.
AB  - If an obstacle impedes the forward swing of a cat's foot, the animal responds by
      rapidly lifting the foot over the obstacle. In freely moving cats, the electrical
      activity of hindlimb flexors and extensors was recorded during such reactions
      elicited both mechanically and electrically. The sequencing of muscle activity
      was more complex and longer in duration in the mechanically elicited reactions.
      Anaesthesia of the foot dorsum abolished responses in ankle extensors and knee
      flexors, and converted the responses of ankle flexors to simple stretch reflexes.
      Although our findings closely resemble those reported for chronic spinal kittens,
      there are interesting points of difference, which should be taken into account if
      the notion of a purely spinal mediation of the placing reaction during stepping
      is to be accepted.

PMID- 6444286
TI  - Lepromatous leprosy and contact dermatitis.
AB  - The rare association of lepromatous leprosy and allergic contact dermatitis due
      to chromium in cement was confirmed clinically and biologically in a male
      patient. The apparent lack of influence of lepromatous leprosy on the development
      and maintenance of this dermatitis dependent upon cell-mediated immune mechanisms
      is discussed.

PMID- 6444287
TI  - Scopulariopsis onychomycosis treated with natamycin.
AB  - 7 patients with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis onychomycosis of the toe-nails were
      treated locally with 1% natamycin in 60% dimethylsulphoxide. After 3-5 months
      treatment the fungus could no longer be isolated from the nails, and at follow-up
      15 months after the completion of the treatment, 2 patients reported permanent
      improvement of the nails and 3 a complete cure. In 1 patient the treatment was
      ineffective.

PMID- 6444288
TI  - Circulating immune complexes: their detection and potential significance in some
      hepatobiliary and intestinal diseases.

PMID- 6444289
TI  - Key enzymes of glycolysis in rat brain: effects of single and repetitive
      treatment with dihydroergotoxine (Redergin).
AB  - The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were
      measured in the brain of Lewis rats that were 75 days, 6 months and 12 months
      old. During this period (75--360 days) the activity of hexokinase declines about
      5-fold, that of lactate dehydrogenase increases 2-fold, while phosphofructokinase
      activity is unchanged. Dihydroergotoxine treatment (25 days, 1 mg/kg body weight
      daily) counteracts these changes. It is concluded that repeated treatment with
      dihydroergotoxine increases capacity of glycolytic pathway and decreases the
      capacity of pyruvate to lactate conversion, which could be otherwise excessive in
      senescent brains under certain pathological conditions.

PMID- 6444290
TI  - Differences in tissue plasminogen activator activity and plasmin inhibition
      between newborn and adult rat.
AB  - Histochemically studied, the heart, spleen, liver, kidney cortex, lung, sciatic
      nerve, gastrocnemius muscle, skin and tongue showed a higher fibrinolytic
      activity (plasminogen activator activity) in the newborn than in the adult rat. I
      the medulla of the kidney the activity was slightly lower in the newborn than in
      the adult. The plasmin inhibition was lower in the newborn than in the adult rat
      in all organs studied.

PMID- 6444291
TI  - Increase of T.G lymphocytes in human one-way mixed lymphocyte culture.
AB  - Human one-way mixed lymphocyte culture induces a significant increase of EA(7S)
      rosette-forming cells. Using fractionation procedures, an increased number of Fc
      receptor-bearing cells in the T high-enriched populations was found from
      alloactivated lymphocytes compared with similar fractions obtained after
      autologous control cultures. Additional experiments showed a parallel increase of
      E-rosette-forming cells in the Fc receptor-enriched alloactivated fractions. The
      results indicate that an increase of T.G lymphocytes occurs during in vitro
      alloactivation in man.

PMID- 6444292
TI  - The continuous and quantitative observation of permeability changes of the blood
      aqueous barrier in allergic inflammation of the eye.
AB  - Permeability changes of the blood-aqueous barrier were studied in the eyes of
      rabbits subjected to immunologic inflammation. The changes were investigated by
      slit-lamp microphotometers. The leakage of fluorescein-labeled rabbit serum
      albumin into the anterior chamber was observed in eyes inflamed by reverse
      passive Arthus reactions. The permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier changed
      in biphasic pattern in allergic inflammations; the first phase began 5 min after
      the antigen challenge and lasted for 1 hr, followed by the late phase at which
      the dye concentration reached a peak 2 hr after the challenge and then gradually
      decreased.

PMID- 6444293
TI  - Long-term effects of endocrine treatment on serum steroids in advanced prostatic
      carcinoma patients.
AB  - The long-term effects of endocrine therapy, including polyestradiol phosphate
      (Estradurin) administration, castration, and their combination, on the
      circulating concentrations of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone,
      17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone, and androsterone were investigated for 1 year in 22 patients
      with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Only Estradurin significantly reduced serum
      concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone. Orchidectomy resulted in a more pronounced decrease in the
      serum concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone; Estradurin
      combined with orchidectomy led to no additional decrease. There were no
      consistent changes in the serum concentrations of other steroids measured. It is
      likely that Estradurin has a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis in
      Leydig cells, but a significant residual testicular production of testosterone
      occurred during the period of Estradurin treatment, when given alone. No increase
      in serum concentrations of adrenal androgens or their precursors was observed
      during any of the three treatment regimens.

PMID- 6444294
TI  - Clinical use of echocardiography in the domestic cat.
AB  - Echocardiograms were obtained from unanesthetized cats positioned in left lateral
      recumbency. Information regarding chamber wall thickness, lumen dimensions, valve
      motion, and indices of contractility was obtained. In three cases,
      echocardiographic manifestations typical of cardiac dilatation, cardiac
      hypertrophy, and pericardial effusion were recorded. Unlike thoracic radiographs,
      which portray pulmonary features as well as a cardiac silhouette, the
      echocardiogram provided an opportunity to measure each component comprising the
      cardiac silhouette--namely, the pericardial sac, cardiac musculature, and the
      cardiac chambers.

PMID- 6444295
TI  - Homologous calcium-binding proteins in the activation of skeletal, cardiac, and
      smooth muscle myosin light chain kinases.
AB  - In order to identify the physiological regulator of calcium dependent myosin
      light chain kinases of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles, the effects of the
      three homologous calciproteins, calmodulin, troponin C, and parvalbumin, on the
      kinases isolated from bovine myocardium, rabbit skeletal muscle, and turkey
      gizzard were examined. Only calmodulin was effective in stimulating the cardiac,
      skeletal, or smooth muscle kinase; troponin C and parvalbumin exhibited no
      activation of any of the three kinases, even when examined at concentrations as
      high as 10-(5) M. It is concluded that calmodulin is the specific regulator of
      myosin light chain kinase in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle.

PMID- 6444297
TI  - Adenosine triphosphatase activity of bovine brain microtubule protein.

PMID- 6444296
TI  - The interaction of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with chloroplast coupling factor
      1.
AB  - 1. Incubation of soluble spinach Coupling Factor 1 (CF1) with
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) results in the inactivation of the ATPase. The
      DCCD inactivation is time- and concentration-dependent. Complete inactivation of
      the CF1-ATPase activity requires the binding of 2 mol of DCCD/mol of CF1. The
      binding sites of DCCD are located on the beta subunit of CF1. 2. DCCD
      modification of soluble CF1 eliminates one adenine nucleotide binding site which
      is exposed by dithiothreitol activation or by incubation with tentoxin. The
      inactivation of both the ATPase activity and the adenine nucleotide binding site
      are pH-dependent. The inactivation of both the ATPase activity and the adenine
      nucleotide binding site are pH-dependent. Half-maximal inhibition occurs at about
      pH 7.5. 3. The DCCD-modified CF1, reconstituted with EDTA-treated chloroplasts,
      is fully active is restoring proton uptake but not in restoring ATP synthesis or
      light-dependent adenine nucleotide exchange.

PMID- 6444298
TI  - Development of escherichia coli virus T1. ATP-mediated discrimination of gene
      expression.
AB  - The mechanism of host shut-off following virus T1 infection was studied using
      Escherichia coli wild type and ATPase deficient (unc-) cells. Host protein
      synthesis measured either as amino acid incorporation into proteins or as enzyme
      synthesis is immediately inhibited in T1-infected wild type cells. In contrast,
      host repression in the ATPase-deficient cells is almost unaffected after T1
      infection. The continuation of host macromolecule synthesis in the unc- cells is
      due to constant ATP concentrations after infection, whereas an immediate drop in
      intracellular ATP levels in T1-infected wild type cells causes repression of host
      protein synthesis. This result is confirmed when host protein synthesis is
      determined at decreasing ATP concentrations following the starvation of cells.

PMID- 6444299
TI  - Calcium transport in human inside-out erythrocyte vesicles.
AB  - Inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes were used to study the kinetics of
      calcium transport. The amounts of total ATP, MgCl2, and CaCl2 required to yield
      particular concentrations of MgATP2-, free Mg2+, and free Ca2+ were determined
      mathematically, and the final concentration of free Ca2+ was confirmed using the
      calcium indicator dye arsenazo III. Calcium accumulation was linear for 40 min in
      the presence of ATP and for at least 60 min in the presence of ATP and oxalate.
      When the calcium ionophore A-23187 was added at the end of an uptake experiment,
      95% of accumulated calcium was released. There was a single affinity for calcium
      with a Km of 3.4 +/- 0.4 microM. Rduced glutathione in the assay medium increased
      the Vmax but did not alter the Km. The optimal pH was 6.9 to 7.3, and the optimal
      temperature was 40 degrees C with an Ea of 14.3 kcal/mol. The dependence of
      calcium accumulation on [MgATP2-] and [ATP4-] could not be measured separately in
      this assay system. At half-maximal transport rate [MgATP2-] = 1.0 MM and [ATP4-]
      = 0.1 mM. The data suggest a complex kinetic mechanism.

PMID- 6444300
TI  - Demonstration of de novo synthesis of Neurospora crassa nitrate reductase during
      induction.

PMID- 6444301
TI  - Genome organization and characterization of the repetitive and inverted repeat
      DNA sequences in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 6444302
TI  - The effects of cytochalasins on actin polymerization and actin ATPase provide
      insights into the mechanism of polymerization.
AB  - Substoichiometric concentrations of cytochalasin D inhibited the rate of
      polymerization of actin in 0.5 mM MgCl2, increased its critical concentration and
      lowered its steady state viscosity. Stoichiometric concentrations of cytochalasin
      D in 0.5 mM MgCl2 and even substoichiometric concentrations of cytochalasin D in
      30 mM KCl, however, accelerated the rate of actin polymerization, although still
      lowering the final steady state viscosity. Cytochalasin B, at all concentrations
      in 0.5 mM MgCl2 or in 30 mM KCl, accelerated the rate of polymerization and
      lowered the final steady state viscosity. In 0.5 mM MgCl2, cytochalasin D
      uncoupled the actin ATPase activity from actin polymerization, increasing the
      ATPase rate by at least 20 times while inhibiting polymerization. Cytochalasin B
      had a very much lower stimulating effect. Neither cytochalasin D nor B affected
      the actin ATPase activity in 30 mM KCl. The properties of cytochalasin E were
      intermediate between those of cytochalasin D and B. Cytochalasin D also
      stimulated the ATPase activity of monomeric actin in the absence of MgCl2 and KCl
      and, to a much greater extent, stimulated the ATPase activity of monomeric actin
      below its critical concentration in 0.5 mM MgCl2. Both above and below its
      critical concentration and in the presence and absence of cytochalasin D, the
      initial rate of actin ATPase activity, when little or no polymerization had
      occurred, was directly proportional to the actin concentration and, therefore,
      apparently was independent of actin-actin interactions. To rationalize all these
      data, a working model has been proposed in which the first step of actin
      polymerization is the conversion of monomeric actin-bound ATP, A . ATP, to
      monomeric actin-bound ADP and Pi, A* . ADP . Pi, which, like the preferred
      growing end of an actin filament, can bind cytochalasins.

PMID- 6444303
TI  - The effect of phosphate on light-induced exchange of ADP at the tight nucleotide
      binding site of CF1.
AB  - The effects of phosphate on the energy-dependent exchange of the tightly bound
      adenine nucleotides in chloroplast thylakoids has been studied. 1. Phosphate was
      found to have a dual effect on ADP binding; at low light intensities Pi enhanced
      the rate of binding and the total amount of tightly bound ADP, while at
      saturating light intensities, it decreased the level of bound nucleotides. Half
      maximal stimulation or inhibition of ADP binding occurred at about 30 microM
      phosphate. 2. Phosphate inhibition of ADP binding at saturating light intensities
      is prevented in the presence of an ADP-regenerating system. Pi had no effect on
      the amount of ATP bound to chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1), which was lower
      than the amount of ADP bound. 3. Arsenate acted similarly to phosphate at low
      light intensities but not at saturating light intensities. 4. At low light
      intensities the interaction of phosphate with the membrane-bound CF1 increased
      the binding affinity for ADP about 8-fold. 5. Kinetic analysis of the ADP binding
      showed that phosphate increased the rate constant for ADP binding to the adenine
      nucleotide-depleted form of CF1.

PMID- 6444304
TI  - Low-back pain and vertebral erosion due to aortic anastomotic false aneurysm,
      with documentation by computerized tomography. A case report.

PMID- 6444305
TI  - Cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin by fibrin-stabilizing
      factor.
AB  - The concentration of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in blood plasma is higher than
      that in serum obtained from the blood clotted in the presence of calcium ions,
      but is the same as that in serum obtained in the absence of calcium ions.
      Radiolabeled alpha2-plasmin inhibitor was covalently bound to fibrin only when
      calcium ions were present at the time of clotting of plasma or fibrinogen.
      Whereas, when batroxobin, a snake venom enzyme that lacks the ability to activate
      fibrin-stabilizing factor, was used for clotting fibrinogen, the binding was not
      observed. When fibrin-stablizing, factor-deficient plasma was clotted, the
      specific binding of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin did not occur even in the
      presence of calcium ions and the concentration of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in
      serum was the same as that in plasma. Monodansyl cadaverine, a fluorescent
      substrate of the fibrin-stablizing factor, was incorporated into alpha 2-plasmin
      inhibitor by activated fibrin-stablizing factor. All these findings indicate that
      alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor is cross-linked to fibrin by activated fibrin
      stabilizing factor when blood is clotted. Analysis of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor
      incorporated fibrin by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed that the
      inhibitor was mainly cross-linked to polymerized alpha-chains of cross-linked
      fibrin. Cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin renders fibrin clot
      less susceptible to fibrinolysis by plasmin.

PMID- 6444306
TI  - Studies of T- and B-cell interactions in adult patients with combined
      immunodeficiency.
AB  - Cellular interactions involved in the pathogenesis of hypogammaglobulinemia were
      studied in six patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Amounts of
      immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM in the supernate of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated
      cocultures of normal and immunodeficient mononuclear cells were measured by
      radioimmunoassays. Mononuclear cells from three of six patients inhibited Ig
      production of normal B cells (P < 0.005). When purified patient and normal T
      cells were added to B cells in various autologous or allogeneic combinations, it
      was observed that immunodeficient T cells (AT) from four patients suppressed
      normal IgM synthesis. Allogeneic normal T cells did not provide help for B cells
      from these same immunodeficient patients. In two patients, autologous T cells
      were able to help autologous B-cell IgM synthesis in vitro. In five patients, AT
      cells inhibited normal B-cell IgG synthesis. Removal of T cells bearing Ia
      determinants or T cells with Fc-IgG receptors did not diminish the suppressive
      effect of AT cells on normal B-cell Ig synthesis. Addition of indomethacin, a
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, did not abrogate the suppressive effect of
      immunodeficient mononuclear cells. Addition of hydrocortisone succinate (10 muM)
      did reverse the suppressive effect of AT cells on IgM production in one patient;
      however, no in vitro reversal of suppressor cell effect was recorded in five.
      Suppression by immune-deficient T cells was eliminated by 2,000 rad of x-ray
      irradiation in three patients. After x-ray irradiation immunedeficient T cells
      could function as helpers of normal B cells.

PMID- 6444307
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms in the Killmann experiment: critique of the deoxyuridine
      suppression test.
AB  - The degree of inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by exogenous
      deoxyuridine is assayed in a procedure known as the deoxyuridine suppression
      test. We report studies of the biochemical basis of this phenomenon in
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, which suggest that its mechanism has
      not been fully understood. Results show that inhibition by deoxyuridine is caused
      only in part by expansion of the intracellular pools of nonradioactive dTMP and
      dTTP, which dilutes the specific radioactivity of the [3H]dTMP and [3H]dTTP
      derived from [3H]thymidine. Increased dTTP levels also inhibit thymidine kinase.
      In addition, thymidine kinase is competitively inhibited by intracellular
      deoxyuridine. Inhibition of thymidine kinase activity by both mebolites further
      decreases the specific radioactivity of [3H]dTMP and [3H]dTTP. Deoxyuridine also
      inhibits the incorporation of [3H]deoxyadenosine and [3H]deoxyguanosine into DNA
      in these cells. Exogenous deoxyuridine still inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation
      in cells whose de novo thymidylate synthesis has been strongly inhibited by 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine or methotrexate. In such drug-treated cells, exposure to high
      concentrations of exogenous deoxyuridine can partially overcome the inhibition of
      thymidylate synthetase with resulting increase in the severely depleted dTTP
      pools. This increase is associated with enhanced DNA synthesis, as measured by
      incorporation into DNA of labeled deoxyribonucleosides other than [3H]thymidine.
      We conclude that exogenous deoxyuridine has multiple effects on [3H]thymidine
      incorporation, which must be considered in interpretations of deoxyurindine
      suppression test results.

PMID- 6444309
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in
      microsomes of rat submandibular gland.

PMID- 6444310
TI  - Workshop on animal hydrolases.

PMID- 6444308
TI  - Immunoregulation in Sjogren's syndrome: influence of serum factors on T-cell
      subpopulations.
AB  - 21 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (sicca syndrome) with either glandular or
      extraglandular involvement, but without other connective tissue diseases, were
      studied with regard to immunoregulatory T-cell subpopulations, B-cell function,
      and suppressor cell capabilities. Patients with isolated glandular disease as
      well as patients with extraglandular disease had normal absolute numbers of total
      lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells. However, 9 of 11 patients with extraglandular
      disease and only 3 of 10 patients with glandular disease had decreased relative
      proportions of T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin
      (Ig)G (T(G)) which was explained by a factor that blocked the expression of the
      IgG Fc receptor on T(G) cells. This blockage was reversible since the factor
      could be removed by trypsinizing the T cells before T(G) determination. Serum
      from patients with abnormal proportions of T(G) cells, but not serum from
      patients with normal proportions of T(G) cells, blocked the expression of the IgG
      Fc receptor on normal T cells. The serum factor upon fractionation over Bio-Gel A
      1.5 columns as well as over staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose 4B columns was
      found diffusely within the IgG fraction, and not in the IgM fraction. Neither
      patients with glandular nor patients with extraglandular disease manifested
      increased numbers of in vivo-activated circulating lymphocytes as determined by
      spontaneous anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque-forming cells (PFC). However,
      patients with glandular disease had reduced numbers of pokeweed mitogen-induced
      anti-sheep erythrocyte PFC (P < 0.01) as compared with normals and patients with
      glandular disease. Of note was the fact that despite the modulation of T(G)
      subpopulation by the serum factor in patients with extra-glandular disease, these
      patients manifested normal concanavalin A-generated suppressor cells of pokeweed
      mitogen-induced PFC responses in allogeneic co-cultures. This was unlike the
      suppressor cell defect previously described in this system with systemic lupus
      erythematosus patients. The discrepancy was attributed both to the fact that the
      T(G) defect was reversible and to the fact that concanavalin A-generated
      suppressor cells are not limited to the T(G) subset. Thus, these studies have
      demonstrated reversible abnormalities in T(G) cells in patients with
      extraglandular Sjogren's syndrome which are not associated with suppressor cell
      defects. The discrepancy between these findings and the immuno-regulatory defects
      demonstrated in systemic lupus erythematosus may explain the difference in
      severity of the autoimmune expression in these diseases.

PMID- 6444311
TI  - The susceptibility of Bandicota bengalensis from Rangoon, Burma to several
      anticoagulant rodenticides.
AB  - The baseline susceptibility of the lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis,
      from Rangoon, Burma, to five anticoagulant rodenticides was established with no
      choice feeding in the laboratory. The susceptibility of lesser bandicoots to the
      several poisons (brodifacoum, difenacoum, diphacinone, coumatetralyl, and
      warfarin) was such that they were offered at a 0.001% concentration. B.
      bengalensis was most susceptible to brodifacoum, and in descending order,
      difenacoum, coumatetralyl, diphacinone and warfarin. In comparison with Rattus
      norvegicus on warfarin at 0.005%, B. bengalensis proved more susceptible. Feeding
      tests at 0.005% concentration indicated that a 1-day feeding on brodifacoum and
      difenacoum would result in complete mortality, whereas coumatetralyl and warfarin
      would require 4 days feeding to a 100% kill. Brodifacoum and difenacoum are
      recommended at 0.002-0.005% bait concentrations and coumatetralyl at 0.005--0.01%
      concentrations for the control of B. bengalensis in the field in Rangoon. The use
      of any anticoagulant material in rat control should be alternated with acute
      toxicants to retard the possible development of anticoagulant resistance.

PMID- 6444312
TI  - An outbreak of streptococcal infection in a chicken factory.
AB  - A large outbreak of streptococcal skin infection occurred late in the summer of
      1978 in a factory which undertakes the slaughter, preparation and packing of
      chickens. In all, 103 episodes of infection occurred in 82 workers from a total
      factory establishment of 347. The highest incidence of infection was in the
      packing department where there was an attack rate of 44%. The routes of
      introduction of infection into and spread within the factory remain mostly
      unknown. Following the identification of cases and carriers and the institution
      of appropriate treatment and control measures the outbreak quickly declined. The
      responsible organism in the outbreak was Streptococcus pyogenes T-type
      3/13/B3264, provisional M-type 'R78/55'. This is the first poultry factory
      outbreak in England to be reported.

PMID- 6444313
TI  - Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice treated with radioactive strontium:
      suppressor cells, natural killer cells, and "hybrid resistance" in recipient
      mice.

PMID- 6444314
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide-induced immunomodulation of the generation of cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity. I. Suppression of the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
AB  - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide from a variety of Gram-negative organisms suppresses
      the development of cytotoxic killer cells in the murine MLC. Cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes were generated in vitro by incubating BALB/c responder spleen cells
      with irradiated C57BL/6 stimulator cells for 5 days in mixed lymphocyte culture
      (MLC). The addition of LPS at the initiation of MLC suppressed killing of 51Cr
      labeled target cells in a dose-dependent manner. LPS was active only during the
      afferent phase of CMC, since it did not interfere with the efferent phase of the
      assay. Furthermore, timed addition and timed removal studies suggested that the
      presence of LPS during the first 48 hr of MLC was critical for maximal
      suppression of CMC. Lipid A extracted from LPS, which had been shown to be highly
      suppressive when added to the sensitization phase of the CMC assay, was also
      inhibitory. Moreover, when LPS was added to MLC in the presence of tritiated
      thymidine, the proliferative activity of the responder cells increased markedly
      after 72 hr of culture. These data suggest that LPS, a known B cell mitogen, can
      modulate the complex sequence of cellular interactions that leads to the
      generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6444315
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide-induced immunomodulation of the generation cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity. II. Evidence for the involvement of a regulatory B lymphocyte.

PMID- 6444316
TI  - Induction and suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis in cultures of human
      lymphocytes: effects of pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I.
AB  - The synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells in cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or Staphylococcus
      aureus Cowan I were evaluated by enumeration of cells containing cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulins and cells actively secreting immunoglobulins, and by quantitation
      of immunoglobulins released into culture supernatants. The two mitogens caused
      comparable stimulation of immunoglobulin production; however, in contrast to
      pokeweed mitogen, S. aureus was active in cultures depleted of T lymphocytes, and
      its stimulatory effects were resistant to the influence of suppressor T cells
      generated by co-stimulation with concanavalin A or by preincubation without
      mitogenic stimulus. These results indicate distinct pathways of induction and
      suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis for these two polyclonal B cell
      activators, and suggest that stimulation by S. aureus is less thymus dependent
      than that induced by pokeweed mitogen.

PMID- 6444317
TI  - Functional properties of human T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgA. I. Mitogen
      responsiveness, mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity, and helper activity for B
      cell immunoglobulin production.

PMID- 6444318
TI  - Regulation of IgE antibody production by serum molecules. VII. The IgE-selective
      damping activity of suppressive factor of allergy (SFA) is exerted across both
      strain and species restriction barriers.

PMID- 6444319
TI  - Virus-induced immune complex disease: specific anti-viral antibody and C1q
      binding material in the circulation during persistent lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus infection.
AB  - Mice of several strains persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      virus (LCMV) mount continuous anti-LCMV immune responses leading to the formation
      and tissue deposition of immune complexes. Such mice carry infectious virus
      immunoglobulin (presumably anti-LCMV antibody) complexes in the circulation. We
      have now determined that anti-LCMV antibody both complexed and free is found in
      the circulation of mice persistently infected with LCMV. This antibody reacts
      specifically against the three main LCMV structural polypeptides: nucleoprotein,
      63,000 m.w. and two glycopeptides, GP-1 and GP-2 with m.w. of 45,000 and 35,000,
      respectively. A C1q binding assay was developed and found to be effective in
      measuring C1Q binding substances (presumably virus-anti-viral Ig complexes) in
      the circulations of several strains of mice persistently infected with LCMV. With
      different strains of mice, the levels, time of formation, and fate of C1q binding
      materials varied markedly. Formation of antibodies to LCMV was correlated with
      the detection of C1q binding materials. Mice (SWR/J) persistently infected with
      lactic dehydrogenase virus also form infectious virus-Ig in their sera but
      deposit minimal amounts of complexes in their tissues. In such mice, C1q binding
      substances did not form in the circulation.

PMID- 6444320
TI  - Separation and characterization of human bone marrow mononuclear cells from
      aspirates and ribs.

PMID- 6444321
TI  - Inflammation in acne vulgaris: leukocyte attraction and cytotoxicity by comedonal
      material.
AB  - The chemoattraction of comedonal material for leukocytes was evaluated. Material
      from open comedones attracted mononculear leukocytes but did not attract
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. At higher concentrations, comedonal material was
      cytotoxic for leukocytes of both types. Of the comedonal components tested, free
      fatty acids produced the greatest cytotoxicity. The attraction and killing of
      leukocytes by comedonal components may be the mechanisms for the initiation or
      the enhancement (or both) of inflammation in acne vulgaris.

PMID- 6444322
TI  - Cytotaxin production by comedonal bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes,
      Propionibacterium granulosum and Staphylococcus epidermidis).
AB  - The potential role of different species of comedonal bacteria as chemotactic
      stimuli in the inflammatory phase of acne vulgaris was investigated by comparing
      12 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 11 strains of Propionibacterium acnes,
      and 5 strains of P. granulosum for production of cytotaxin in vitro. Results
      indicated that not only were there marked differences in cytotaxin production
      between different strains of the same species grown under identical growth
      conditons, but there were often significant differences in cytotaxin activity of
      the same strain grown in different media. This finding is discussed in relation
      to development of inflammation in quiescent comedones in acne vulgaris.

PMID- 6444323
TI  - The effect of marked inhibition of sebum production with 13cis-retinoic acid on
      skin surface lipid composition.
AB  - Sebum production and skin surface lipid composition have been measured during the
      oral treatment with 13cis-retinoic acid of a group of patients with severe cystic
      acne. Two hundred and thirty-eight paired samples have been analyzed and
      compared. A marked, drug-induced decrease in sebum production was accompanied by
      a decrease in the concentration of wax esters, a slight decrease in the squalene
      concentration and in increase in the cholesterol concentration in the skin
      surface lipids. These changes were consonant with changes in the relative
      contributions of sebum and epidermal lipid to the surface film, except that at
      very low levels of sebum production there might be preferential preservation of
      squalene synthesis.

PMID- 6444324
TI  - Splenic immunoglobulin-secreting cells and their regulation in autoimmune mice.
AB  - We have investigated in vitro the magnitude, nature, and regulation of
      spontaneous and mitogen-induced Ig secretion by splenic lymphocytes from several
      autoimmune murine strains (NZB, NZB X W, MRL/l BXSB) and appropriate, normal
      mice. All autoimmune strains had increased numbers of mature splenic B
      lymphocytes, which secreted and/or contained Ig, compared to age-matched normal
      strains. In NZB and NZB X W mice, the high frequency of mature B cells was
      apparent early in life, whereas in MRL/l and BXSB mice it was first noted shortly
      before the clinical onset of disease. Spleen cells from young autoimmune mice of
      all four strains secreted predominantly IgM, but with aging and the appearance of
      disease, the cells switched to IgG secretion predominantly. In contrast, spleen
      cells from normal mice were predominantly IgM, but with aging and the appearance
      of disease, the cells switched to IgG secretion predominantly. In contrast,
      spleen cells from normal mice were predominantly IgM secretors throughout the
      animals' lives. Approximately 15% of the total Ig-secreting cells in older NZB,
      NZB X W, and MRL mice were committed to secretion of anti-ssDNA antibodies. In
      both autoimmune and normal spleen cells, the B-cell population alone contained
      fewer secreting cells than the total lymphocyte population, indicating that T
      cells were required to achieve maximal levels of plaque-forming cells. Spleen
      cells of NZB and NZB X W mice had a greater response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      than other autoimmune and normal strains. Responsiveness to LPS, as measured by
      the frequency of induced Ig-secreting cells, was considerably diminished with age
      and onset of disease in all autoimmune but not in normal strains. LPS-induced Ig
      secretion by B cells of autoimmune and normal mice was subject to regulation by
      splenic T cells. No significant differences were observed between concanavalin-A
      (Con A) stimulated spleen cells from young and older autoimmune mice and normal
      control strains in effectively suppressing spontaneous and LPS-induced Ig
      secretion. Moreover, B cells from autoimmune mice and from normal strains were
      equally receptive to Con A-induced suppressor signals. T cells from young and
      older NZB and BXSB mice added to a standard number of B cells from syngeneic
      young mice provided equal help in enhancing LPS-induced Ig secretion, and this
      help in turn was equivalent to that provided by T cells from normal mice of the
      same H-2 haplotype. The exception was the MRL/l strain; T cells from older
      animals provided considerably more help than T cells from young MRL/l or T cells
      from young and older H-2-compatible normal mice.

PMID- 6444325
TI  - Glycogen-depletion method of intrafusal distribution of gamma-axons that increase
      sensitivity of spindle secondary endings.
AB  - 1. The glycogen-depletion method was used in cat tenuissimus muscles to
      investigate whether the action of static gamma-axons that increase the
      sensitivity of spindle secondary endings to muscle length is associated with a
      specific pattern of distribution of these axons to intrafusal muscle fibers. 2.
      In each experiment, a single gamma-axon acting on a secondary ending of a
      precisely located spindle was repetitively stimulated, and subsequently the
      intrafusal muscle fibers of that spindle were examined for glycogen depletion. 3.
      The gamma-axons whose repetitive stimulation increased the length sensitivity of
      secondary endings depleted all the chain fibers in one or both poles of the
      spindle, with the bag fibers being inconstantly involved. The gamma-axons whose
      stimulation did not exert this effect produced much more restricted patterns of
      glycogen depletion. 4. The length sensitivities of two secondary endings
      belonging to the same spindle were similarly affected by a single gamma-axon,
      whereas a gamma-axon could increase the sensitivity of a secondary ending without
      altering that of the primary ending of the same spindle. 5. The action exerted by
      single gamma-axons on secondary endings appears related to their intrafusal
      distribution since enhancement of the secondary endings sensitivity was observed
      only when all the chain fibers of at least one spindle pole were activated. 6. If
      several static gamma-axons supplying a given spindle are firing together, an
      increase in the length sensitivity of the secondary endings of that spindle can
      be expected since probably all chain fibers are activated.

PMID- 6444326
TI  - Tissue distribution of copper-labeled 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis
      (thiosemicarbazone) (Cu-64 KTS) in mice and rats: concise communication.
AB  - The antitumor activity of, 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis (thiosemicarbazone)
      (KTS), is related to the presence of copper(II) ion. We have studied the tissue
      distribution of Cu-64-labeled KTS in rats and mice carrying transplanted tumors
      to evaluate whether the uptake of the radioactivity in the tumor is adequate to
      warrant further investigation of the tracer as a tumor-seeking agent in patients.
      Four groups of three of four animals each were studied: (a) mice with
      fibrosarcoma; (b) mice with mammary adenocarcinoma; (c) rats with fibrosarcoma;
      and (d) rats with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The animals were killed at
      intervals of 0.25, 1, 4, 24, and 48 hr after i.v. injection of 1.6 X 10(-3) M
      Cu.KTS containing 3 to 18 muCi Cu-64. Blood, tumor, and six to ten additional
      tissues were counted for radioactivity. The mouse fibrosarcoma concentrated Cu
      64, reaching 15% of the administered dose/g at 48 hr after injection. This
      suggests that for tumor scanning, the 61.7-hr Cu-67 might be more suitable as a
      label for KTS than the 12.7-hr Cu-64.

PMID- 6444327
TI  - The discovery of defects in respiratory cilia in the immotile cilia syndrome.

PMID- 6444328
TI  - Iodide containing theophylline products.

PMID- 6444329
TI  - Post-traumatic activation of suppressor cells.

PMID- 6444330
TI  - In vivo T-lymphocyte response against spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasms in
      SJL/J mice.
AB  - The properties of lymphocytes associated with reticulum cell neoplasms (RCN)
      (type B) occurring spontaneously in SJL/J mice were examined. The activity of 20
      alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-SDH) was used as a marker for
      activated T-cells. High levels of this enzyme were found in cell suspensions of
      tumors taken from 6- to 7-month-old mice. Treatment of the cells derived from
      tumorous organs with anti-theta serum and complement resulted in a loss of the 20
      alpha-SDH activity; this indicated that T-lymphocytes populate the RCN. The
      activated T-cells in the neoplastic tissue were larger than small lymphocytes. In
      the more advanced stage of tumor growth seen in 1-year-old mice, the percentage
      of malignant reticulum cells was low and the neoplastic tissue showed low levels
      of 20 alpha-SDH activity. Tumor cells irradiated in vitro triggered syngeneic
      lymphocytes to proliferate in tumor-lymphocyte mixed cultures. The T-cell
      proliferative response measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation was accompanied by
      a marked increase in 20 alpha-SDH activity. The spleen cells taken from mice
      bearing old tumors that showed marked fibrosis did not respond to T- and B-cell
      mitogens. Histologically, the structure of the spleen was preserved, with few or
      no tumor cells. Spleen cells from age-matched healthy mice responded to mitogens.

PMID- 6444331
TI  - Glomerular permeability: focal loss of anionic sites in glomeruli of proteinuric
      mice with lupus nephritis.
AB  - The charge-based barrier of the glomerular capillary filter was investigated in
      normal mice and in mice with immune complex lupus nephritis. Cationized ferritin
      (CF), pI 7.7 To 8.5, was used as a molecular probe of fixed anionic sites. Mice
      with various degrees of proteinuria and severity of glomerulonephritis were
      systemically injected with CF and their glomeruli studied ultrastructurally
      employing morphometric methods. A decreased and erratic localization of CF was
      observed in the lamina rara externa, in the intervening basement membrane between
      immune deposits, and in basement membrane projections, areas previously shown to
      be abnormally permeably to a large anionic protein. In small numbers, CF
      molecules were found in residual epithelial slits and in the urinary space. In
      normal mice, CF regularly labeled the laminae rarae of the glomerular basement
      membrane and the slit pore area but not leak into the urinary space. Such
      differences in CF localization in capillary loops of proteinuric and normal mice
      were confirmed by morphometric estimate of particle counts. Focal areas of
      increased permeability to anionic protein are deficient of and/or exhibit a
      disorderly redistribution of fixed anionic sites.

PMID- 6444332
TI  - Sounding Board. A possible metabolic basis for the control of body weight.

PMID- 6444333
TI  - Current concepts: topical therapy for acne.

PMID- 6444334
TI  - Anti-idiotypic antibodies in a patient with a functioning renal graft.

PMID- 6444335
TI  - Laparoscopy in Southland.
AB  - A review was made of 625 consecutive gynaecological laparoscopies carried out in
      the Southland Hospital. Forty-one point seven percent were for diagnostic
      reasons, mainly in the diagnosis of pelvic pain and infertility, and 57.3 percent
      were for sterilisation. Complications occurred with 2.2 percent and 5.6 percent
      respectively, but the serious complications and those requiring laparotomy only
      came to 1.1 percent. Four women (1.1 percent) became pregnant after
      sterilisation, all four occurring during the first year of the procedure.
      Overall, laparoscopy is confirmed to be a valuable diagnostic technique and a
      safe method of sterilisation.

PMID- 6444337
TI  - The nurse and research: down the avenues of choice.

PMID- 6444336
TI  - Classification of cutaneous hazards and their effects.

PMID- 6444338
TI  - Effect of tryptophan on nuclear envelope nucleoside triphosphatase activity in
      rat liver.

PMID- 6444339
TI  - Evidence that the antigen of autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis of rats
      is a mannose- or glucose-containing glycoprotein.

PMID- 6444340
TI  - One layer closure of the abdominal wall.
AB  - A one layer closure of the abdominal wall with a far-near, near-far suture has
      been used in 34 patients. This technique allows approximation of the fascia
      without pressure on the skin and leads to firm uncomplicated wound healing.

PMID- 6444341
TI  - Congenital bicuspid stenosis with left ventricular hypoplasia in a kitten.
AB  - Congenital bicuspid stenosis with left ventricular hypoplasia was diagnosed in a
      kitten. Clinical weakness, dyspnoea and marked cardiomegaly (X rays) were related
      to postmortem findings. The cardiomegaly had resulted from an enlargement of the
      left auricular appendage. It is supposed the cardiomegaly developed after the
      closing of the foramen ovale.

PMID- 6444342
TI  - Heart failure in the neonate due to extreme abnormalities of heart rate: clinical
      and radiographic features.
AB  - Extreme variations of heart rate caused clinical and radiographic findings of
      heart failure in six neonates in the absence of structural heart disease. Two
      infants had heart block with heart rates below 50/min and four had paroxysmal
      atrial tachycardia with rates approaching 300/min. Each infant had interstitial
      or alveolar pulmonary edema and most had cardiomegaly. After restoration of a
      normal heart rate, there was rapid and dramatic resolution of pulmonary edema and
      reduction in cardiac size.

PMID- 6444343
TI  - Clinical pathologic conference. Left and right ventricular myocardial infarction
      in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6444344
TI  - Accidental ingestion of Vacor rodenticide: the symptoms and sequelae in a 25
      month-old child.
AB  - A recently introduced rodenticide containing N-3-pyridylmethyl N'-p-nitrophenyl
      urea (PNU), Vacor, was accidently ingested by a 25-month-old child, resulting in
      acute vomiting, lethargy, seizures, and hypoglycemia, as well as chronic evidence
      of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy and glucose intolerance. Treatment with
      niacinamide (nicotinamide), may have been of benefit since all problems were
      resolved within three months of ingestion. This agent (PNU) is remarkably similar
      chemically and toxicologically to alloxan and streptozocin, both potent beta-cell
      toxins. These similarities are not only important in regard to the antodite for
      PNU, but they also suggest that the toxin m,y cause long-term endocrinologic,
      neurlogic, and oncologic problems.

PMID- 6444345
TI  - Rates of Down's syndrome at the upper extreme of maternal age--absence of a
      "leveling" effect and evidence for artifacts resulting from analyses of rates by
      five-year maternal age intervals.
AB  - A "leveling" in the first order exponential increase of the rate of Down's
      syndrome with maternal age over 40 years of age has been suggested by others in
      review of data reported by five-year maternal age interval. In contrast, data
      reviewed here analyzed by one-year interval reveal no evidence for such an effect
      when the observed rates (O) at each maternal age in the 40--49-year age range and
      in the 45--49-year age range are compared with those predicted (P) from first
      order exponential equations derived from data in the 33--44-year age range. The
      sign of O -- P is not predominantly negative as would be expected if there were a
      "leveling" effect. Part of the evidence for leveling in previous studies may
      derive from the fact that rates have been plotted at the midpoints of the
      intervals rather than at the true mean maternal ages of mothers having births in
      these five-year intervals. It is shown that in the three data sources considered
      here, the difference between the quin-quennial mean maternal age and the interval
      midpoint is greater at older ages than at younger ages. Thus, plotting rates at
      the midpoint of five-year intervals results in significant graphic underestimate
      of the rates, and may result in a slight leveling effect. It is suggested that
      selective underascertainment of births to those in the older maternal ages in
      previous studies may also have contributed to the leveling effect observed
      earlier.

PMID- 6444346
TI  - Antepartum fetal heart rate testing. IV. The nonstress test as a primary
      approach.
AB  - During a 1 year period from July 1, 1977, to June 30, 1978, 1,877 NST's were
      performed in 895 patients. Criterion for a reactive test was two accelerations
      associated with fetal movement in one of two 20 minute periods. Fetuses with
      nonreactive patterns were stimulated by abdominal wall manipulation. A total of
      1,644 tests demonstrated reactive patterns and 229 tests were NR; 146 NR's were
      followed by CST's. During 75 CST's, the pattern became reactive and the test was
      terminated. Seventeen of 71 completed CST's were abnormal (24%). There were 634
      patients delivered within 1 week of an NST-CST. Seventeen of 62 patients with NR
      tests underwent cesarean section for fetal distress as compared to 11 of 572
      patients with reactive patterns.

PMID- 6444347
TI  - Suprapubic endoscopy for interval female sterilization.

PMID- 6444348
TI  - The role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine.
AB  - The authors review the role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice
      of medicine in three areas: 1) prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, 2) the role
      of behavioral or lifestyle factors in illness onset, and 3) the overlapping of
      psychiatric and behavioral factors with medical illness. Within each areas they
      review behavioral factors to the practice of medicine, the limits of current
      treatment approaches, and future research needs. In their final section they draw
      implications for health care delivery and manpower development.

PMID- 6444349
TI  - Visible physical impairment and psychological adjustment among pediatric cancer
      survivors.
AB  - Because psychological and psychiatric assessments of childhood cancer survivors
      have revealed a high rate of psychiatric sequelae, the authors investigated the
      relationship between the degree of physical unpairment resulting from cancer
      treatment and the psychosocial adjustment problems of survivors. Ratings of
      physical impairment were based on the visibility of physical residua as well as
      the functional limitations they imposed. The results indicated that the
      psychosocial adjustment of survivors is not significantly related to the severity
      of physical impairment.

PMID- 6444350
TI  - Skin test for gluten-sensitive enteropathy using subfractions of gluten.
AB  - Fractions and subfractions of gluten were used for intradermal testing in 14
      patients with GSE and in 22 control subjects. Twelve out of 14 GSE patients gave
      positive skin reactions to one or more of the subfractions of gluten. Ten gave a
      positive reaction between three to eight hours after skin testing; two gave
      positive tests 20 minutes after injection. Only two out of the 14 had negative
      skin tests at all times tested. All 22 control subjects were negative to all the
      subfractions at all times tested. The control subjects consisted of 15 patients
      with GI disorders other than GSE, three patients with skin disorders other than
      dermatitis herpetiformis and four healthy controls. Of the three subfractions
      tested, subfraction B1 appeared most potent in evoking positive skin reactions as
      judged by the number of GSE patients who responded (11 of 14). Thus, skin testing
      individuals with this particular portion of gluten subfraction BA may prove to be
      a useful diagnostic test for GSE.

PMID- 6444351
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Six of 22 patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy seen at the Mayo
      Clinic from 1962 to 1978 had associated cutaneous lesions exhibiting
      characteristic histologic features at biopsy. Clinically, three patients had
      generalized maculopapular eruptions, two had generalized petechiae, and one had
      generalized erythroderma and petechiae located on the extremities. In each
      patient, the eruption occurred concurrent with or prior to the onset of
      generalized lymphadenopathy. Pathologically, all skin biopsy specimens showed
      lymphohistiocytic vasculitis, vascular proliferation, extravasated RBCs, and
      occasional scattered mature plasma cells. These histologic findings were similar
      to but less intensive than those noted on biopsy specimens of involved lymph
      nodes. Although suggestive of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, the histologic
      findings of skin lesions do not appear to be diagnostic, thus stressing the
      difficulty of defining the syndrome in the absence of lymph node biopsy.

PMID- 6444352
TI  - Suppressor cell function in psoriasis.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      psoriasis. In view of these findings, it is postulated that the immunologic
      defect may be associated with regulation of the immune system. A study was
      undertaken to determine whether a suppressor cell defect was present. Two groups
      of patients with active psoriasis who were receiving no therapy were selected.
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes were pulsed with concanavalin A, 40 microgram/cc,
      for 48 hours. Their ability to suppress a mixed lymphocyte reaction with both
      autologous and allogeneic responding cells was assessed. There was a significant
      decrease in suppressor activity in psoriasis patients compared with normal
      individuals. Although we have not demonstrated that this mechanism is implicated
      directly in a causal relationship to psoriasis, it nevertheless gives further
      support to the possible role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of
      psoriasis.

PMID- 6444353
TI  - Sleep-induced ventilatory dysfunction in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Three patients with Down's syndrome demonstrated severe sleep-induced ventilatory
      failure characterized by Cheyne-Stokes respiration with superimposed obstruction
      of the upper airway. Anatomic otolaryngologic factors were present in two of the
      three patients, implicating both mechanical and CNS factors in the pathogenesis
      of this phenomenon. Administration of protriptyline hydrochloride elicited
      considerable improvement in one case. Occult sleep-related ventilatory failure
      may account for the previously unexplained tendency for pulmonary hypertension to
      develop in patients with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6444354
TI  - Relationship of small and large coronary artery disease to myocardial ischemia.
AB  - To determine the relative roles of narrowing of the small intramyocardial
      arteries and of the large extramural coronary arteries in the development of
      ischemic myocardial lesions, hearts were obtained at the autopsies of 105 adults
      for morphologic study. Subendocardial ischemic lesions frequently were associated
      with narrowing of the small arteries even in the absence of major coronary artery
      stenosis. However, transmural ischemic lesions occurred almost always with large
      coronary artery disease, either alone or in combination with narrowing of the
      small arteries. A logistic function was fitted to the data to predict the risk of
      developing myocardial ischemia. The probability of ischemic heart disease was
      shown to rise with increasing heart weight, narrowing of the small
      intramyocardial arteries, major coronary artery disease, and combined small and
      large artery stenosis.

PMID- 6444355
TI  - Malignant soft-tissue tumors of the anterior abdominal wall.
AB  - A clinicopathologic study was made of 32 soft-tissue sarcomas of the anterior
      abdominal wall (ten desmoid tumors and 22 fully malignant sarcomas). Direct
      invasion of the costal margin or the iliac crest was observed in both types,
      whereas transperitoneal invasion and metastasis developed characteristically with
      fully malignant sarcomas. Wide monobloc resection of the abdominal wall,
      including, where necessary, resection of adjacent bony parts and reconstruction
      with a prosthetic mesh, satisfactorily controlled local disease in nine of ten
      patients with desmoid tumor, and in three of four patients with primary operable,
      fully malignant sarcoma. Adjunctive therapy with radiation and chemotherapy may
      improve the outcome in patients with recurrent or high-grade sarcomas, but
      adequate monobloc resection of the primary tumor remains the most important
      therapeutic objective.

PMID- 6444356
TI  - Infected prosthetic grafts. Local therapy with graft preservation.
AB  - Three cases of infected vascular prosthesis in the groin were treated
      successfully with antibiotics, local debridement, and continuous irrigation of
      the area with the appropriate antibiotic solution. We describe a system developed
      to permit steady instillation of antibiotic solution and complete drainage by
      suction to remove serous and necrotic material. In selected cases of infected
      vascular grafts, when they have not thrombosed, aggressive local and systemic
      therapy may control the infection and permit salvage of the prosthesis.

PMID- 6444357
TI  - Demonstration of a (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity probably related to Ca2+
      transport in the microsomal fraction of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle.
AB  - A (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity is demonstrated in the microsomal fraction of
      porcine coronary artery. The characteristics of the ATPase activity are compared
      with those of the Ca2+ transport, both measured in similar solutions. It is
      concluded that the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase is related to the Ca2+ transport because:
      1. Both transport and ATPase have similar low Km values for Ca2+ as well as
      comparable Hill coefficients. The Km values are respectively 0.34 +/- 0.03 microM
      [4] and 1.17 +/- 0.15 microM [6]. The Hill coefficients are n = 1.69 +/- 0.09 [4]
      and n = 1.23 +/- 0.17 [6]. 2. Ionophores A23187 and X537A stimulate (Ca2+ + Mg2+)
      ATPase activity while they inhibit net Ca2+ accumulation by increasing the Ca2+
      permeability of the membranes. 3. The V values for Ca2+ accumulation and for
      (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase are comparable.

PMID- 6444358
TI  - Localizaton of fibrin converted by thrombin from released platelet fibrinogen.
AB  - Treatment of platelets (10(9) cells/ml) with thrombin (1 U/ml) resulted in rapid
      disappearance of fibrinogen from the system as measured by the tanned red cell
      hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay (TRCHII). Plasmin digestion of individual
      pellet and supernatant fractions that had been previously separated from thrombin
      treated platelet suspensions by centrifugation resulted in recovery of TRCHII
      detectable material in platelet pellets. To elucidate the specific association of
      fibrin to platelet membranes, control and thrombin-treated platelets were
      homogenized by a modified glycerol-loading and nitrogen decompression technique.
      Ultracentrifugation of homogenates through 27% sucrose cushions yielded three
      subcellular fractions: supernatant, small membrane vesicles, and a particulate
      fraction for controls; and supernatant membrane vesicles, and aggregated membrane
      "ghosts" for thrombin preparations. Ultrastructurally identifiable fibrin was
      noted only in the thrombin fraction containing membrane ghosts. Fibrinogen
      recovered from 3 thrombin fractions was markedly decreased (3% of the control).
      Plasmin digestion produced 23% and 46-fold increase in TRCHII-detectable material
      from 3 subcellular fractions of control and thrombin preparations, respectively.
      More than 97% of TRCHII material recovered from thrombin preparations was in the
      fraction containing aggregated membrane fractions. Results suggest that platelet
      plasma membranes function as surfaces for fibrin deposition.

PMID- 6444359
TI  - The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: studies of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and
      platelets.

PMID- 6444361
TI  - Assessing improvement of low back pain.

PMID- 6444360
TI  - Immunologic characterization of a granulocytic leukemia of inbred strain 13
      guinea pigs: presence of Ia-positive myeloblasts.
AB  - Membrane markers expressed by a transplantable granulocytic leukemia induced in
      inbred strain 13 guinea pigs by N-nitroso-N-butylurea have been investigated by
      serologic and immunochemical methods. Although the leukemic myeloblasts have no
      detectable surface immunoglobulin or Fc receptors, they have been found to
      synthesize and express membrane antigens encoded for by the I-region of the major
      histocompatibility complex. Despite the presence of Ia antigens, these cells do
      not stimulate allogeneic T lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction nor are
      they able to present soluble antigen to immune T cells. The presence of Ia
      antigens on immature myeloid cells suggests that these proteins may be important
      in cellular functions beyond those identified in the cellular immune system.

PMID- 6444362
TI  - Manipulation trials.

PMID- 6444363
TI  - Acute interstitial nephritis and erythroderma associated with diflunisal.

PMID- 6444364
TI  - Arterial infusion of nitrogen mustard in the treatment of intractable pelvic pain
      of malignant origin.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with intractable pelvic pain secondary to malignancy arising
      in the pelvis received a total of 72 percutaneous retrograde arterial infusions
      with nitrogen mustard. Fifty-three (74%) injections resulted in marked relief of
      pain for an average period of six to eight weeks. Five (7%) produced no pain
      relief. Toxicity was mild. There were two severe complications and no deaths
      related to the procedure or the drug in this study. Percutaneous retrograde
      arterial infusion with nitrogen mustard is suggested as the preferred procedure
      in the attempt to control pelvic pain caused by malignancy, before resorting to
      spinal cordotomy or intrathecal alcohol injection.

PMID- 6444365
TI  - Immune-complex glomerulonephritis secondary to nonspecific immunotherapy.
AB  - Hematuria and renal failure developed in two patients with metastatic breast
      carcinoma while they were receiving nonspecific immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
      The electron microscopy picture was suggestive of immune-complex
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6444366
TI  - High spontaneous thymidine incorporation into a non-T lymphocyte population in
      Hodgkin's disease unmasked after cell fractionation.
AB  - In order to study the nature of the spontaneously stimulated cells in Hodgkin's
      disease, lymphocytes from 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 10 healthy
      control subjects were separated into low- and high-density fractions. Both
      fractions were subdivided into T and non T cell populations by means of rosette
      sedimentation. In Hodgkin's disease patients, non-T cells with a high density
      showed a significantly increased spontaneous thymidine incorporation (mean, 5677
      cpm; range, 405--26490 cpm) compared to corresponding cells from control subjects
      (mean, 484 cpm; range, 235--850 cpm), and to unseparated high-density lymphocytes
      in Hodgkin's disease patients. Evidence is presented that in Hodgkin's disease,
      the high-density lymphocyte fraction comprises non-T cells with an apparent
      potency for DNA synthesis which is, however, inhibited by T cells present in the
      same high-density fraction.

PMID- 6444367
TI  - Lymphocyte responses to syngeneic antigens. I. Enhancement of the murine
      autologous mixed lymphocyte response by polyethylene glycol.

PMID- 6444368
TI  - Activation of specific suppressor cells with heat-treated allogeneic tumor cells.

PMID- 6444369
TI  - Inhibition of an in vitro antibody response by a suppressor cell in normal bone
      marrow.

PMID- 6444370
TI  - Surface phenotype of responder cells in the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction
      in mice.

PMID- 6444371
TI  - Modulation of conconavalin-A-induced suppressor cell activation by prostaglandin
      E2.

PMID- 6444372
TI  - Inactivation of bacteriophage phi X174 by mitomycin C in the presence of sodium
      hydrosulfite and cupric ions.
AB  - Bacteriophage phi X174 was inactivated by mitomycin C reduced with sodium
      hydrosulfite in the presence of cupric ions (Cu2+). 99% of the phage particles
      lost their plaque-forming abilities when incubated with 1.5 . 10(-4) M mitomycin
      C, 5.7 . 10(-4) M sodium hydrosulfite and 1.0 . 10(-4) M CuCl2 for 120 min at 37
      degrees C in 0.05 M Tris--HCl buffer (pH 8.1). Sodium borohydride and thiol
      reducing agents such as L-cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol could not
      serve as a substitute for sodium hydrosulfite and other transition metal ions
      such as Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ were of no effect. Inactivated phage
      sedimented at 114S just as intact phage, but phage DNA was degraded. Strand
      scission was observed when phi X174 single-stranded DNA was directly reacted with
      mitomycin C reduced with sodium hydrosulfite in the presence of CuCl2. Phage
      inactivation was inhibited bycatalase, EDTA and several scavengers such as
      cysteamine, 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide HBr (AET), 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3
      benzene-disulfonic acid (Tiron), or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO). These
      results suggest that free oxygen radicals and mitomycin C semiquinone radical
      generated during autoxidation of reduced mitomycin C in the presence of cupric
      ions cause the degradation of phy X174 DNA.

PMID- 6444373
TI  - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging to evaluate right ventricular overloading.

PMID- 6444374
TI  - (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity in plasma membrane enriched preparations of human
      skin fibroblasts: decreased activity in fibroblasts derived from cystic fibrosis
      patients.
AB  - Plasma membrane enriched preparations obtained from cultured human skin
      fibroblasts by differential centrifugation and sucrose density centrifugation
      techniques were found to contain a Mg2+-dependent Ca2+-stimulated ATPase
      activity. The specific activity of the (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase present was 4-5-fold
      higher than that present in crude membrane preparations and 80-100-fold higher
      than that present in homogenates. The (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity of both crude
      and plasma membrane enriched preparations of cultured fibroblasts from cystic
      fibrosis patients was significantly reduced compared to that activity observed in
      age-matched controls. This study corroborates our previous observations made in
      crude homogenate preparations of fibroblasts and indicates another cell type
      where (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity may be altered in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6444375
TI  - Suppressive activity of some leukemic T cells from adult patients in Japan.

PMID- 6444376
TI  - Petit's hernia: an unusual cause of abnormality on Ga-67-citrate scintigraphy.

PMID- 6444377
TI  - Rights of the handicapped: swords or shields?

PMID- 6444378
TI  - Office application of a new acne grading system.

PMID- 6444379
TI  - Benzoyl peroxide lotion (20 percent) in acne.
AB  - A double-blind, controlled study was performed to determine the effectiveness of
      20 percent benzoyl peroxide lotion in the mangement of mild to moderate acne
      vulgaris. The results of our study have shown that this new, higher concentration
      formulation of benzoyl peroxide is effective in reducing the lesions of acne and
      is relatively nonirritating.

PMID- 6444380
TI  - Cimetidine-induced exfoliative dermatitis.
AB  - A 68-year-old woman developed exfoliative dermatitis while taking cimetidine for
      gastritis. She had no history of previous drug reactions, allergies, or skin
      disorders and had taken no other medications for three months. Although
      cimetidine is a relatively safe drug, severe reactions such as exfoliative
      dermatitis can occur.

PMID- 6444381
TI  - Chiba-needle percutaneous cholangiography - a method without risk to the patient?
AB  - This critical review of PTC with the skinny needle was prompted by an unexpected
      complication - an intrahepatic hematoma. A negative PTC does not exclude the
      presence of dilated bile ducts. In the case of an obstructed biliary tree, bile
      leakage occurs in approximately 5%. Even after the Chiba needle or other
      techniques have become established, peritoneoscopy is still of value in the
      diagnosis of cholestasis. Thus, this method is not without some risk and
      optimistic reports should be judged with a certain reserve.

PMID- 6444382
TI  - Congenital cervicourethral obstruction in children. Report of a round table
      discussion held at the 3rd European Association of Urology, Monte Carlo, June
      1978.

PMID- 6444383
TI  - Release of the alpha subunit of coupling factor F1 ATPase from membranes of an
      uncoupled mutant of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6444384
TI  - The proteolipid of a mutant ATPase from Escherichia coli defective in H+
      conduction contains a glycine instead of the carbodiimide-reactive aspartyl
      residue.

PMID- 6444385
TI  - Is there nucleotide carrier present in oligomycin-sensitive ATPase preparations?

PMID- 6444386
TI  - Nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae: reductant-independent ATP hydrolysis and
      the effect of pH on the efficiency of coupling of ATP hydrolysis to substrate
      reduction.

PMID- 6444387
TI  - The diastolic mechanical properties of the intact left ventricle.
AB  - Recent studies have improved our understanding of the diastolic mechnical
      properties of intact myocardium. In order to obtain meaningful data, pressures
      external to the heart should be measured, forces and dimensions should be
      properly normalized, and measurements should be obtained over a wide range of
      ventricular volumes. Diastolic filling appears to be a passive phenomenon and is
      not affected significantly by systolic relaxation or mural inertia. Thus, the
      relationship between diastolic myocardial force and length is determined
      primarily by the elastic properties of the muscle and by viscous properties
      during dynamic filling. In the absence of ischemia, the diastolic mechanics of
      intact myocardium are not altered significantly by acute physiological
      interventions. Chronic changes in diastolic properties do occur, however, and are
      fundamentally important to the regulation of cardiac function. Myocardial creep
      induced by chronically elevated diastolic presssure produces ventricular
      dilatation, thereby altering chamber geometry, systolic loading, and overall
      global function. Thus, a detailed analysis of diastolic mechanical properties is
      essential to the assessment of the performance characteristics of the intact
      heart.

PMID- 6444388
TI  - Diastolic pressure-volume relations in the diseased heart.
AB  - Alterations in ventricular diastolic properties are commonly seen in the diseased
      heart, and have been extensively studied in coronary artery disease, congestive
      cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular hypertrophy due to pressure or volume
      overload. Acute increases in left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure relative to
      volume occur regularly during the transient ischemia of angina pectoris and may
      contribute to the dyspnea and pulmonary congestion that commonly accompany this
      condition. Although the mechanism of this altered disastolic distensibility is
      debated, a substantial body of evidence favors a role for residual diastolic
      interaction between contractile elements in the ischemic heart. Congestive
      cardiomyopathy also appears to be associated with increased LV diastolic
      stiffness. While this may in part be related to fibrosis of the LV wall, shifts
      of the abnormal diastolic pressure-volume relation toward normal have been
      reported with sodium nitroprusside infusion or the beta-adrenergic agonist
      salbutamol, suggesting important contribution of physiologic factors to the
      increased resting LV stiffness in this condition. LV hypertrophy (LVH) is
      associated with increased effective diastolic chamber stiffness, but normalized
      LV diastolic stiffness is increased only in LVH due to chronic pressure overload.
      Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6444389
TI  - Elastic properties of normal and hypertrophied cardiac muscle.
AB  - This brief review addresses itself to the following questions on normal and
      hypertrophied muscle. 1) What changes, if any, take place in the mechanical
      properties of cardiac muscle during pressure and volume overload hypertrophy? 2)
      What parameters may signal preoperatively irreversibility of hypertrophy and
      chamber enlargement? 3) Are the effects of age and hypertrophy on muscle
      stiffness similar? 4) What relationships exist between diastolic properties and
      systolic function? The analyses of the elastic properties of cardiac muscle based
      on several animal and clinical studies indicate that: a) Muscle stiffness in
      pressure overload is elevated and is normal in volume overload in the majority of
      the animal studies. However, the clinical studies support the hypothesis that
      muscle stiffness remains normal in mild to moderate degrees of valvular disease
      and is elevated in severe valvular disease. b) Wall stress, volume:mass, and
      radius:thickness ratios are useful prognostic indicators regarding reversibility
      of wall hypertrophy and/or chamber enlargement. c) Effects of age and hypertrophy
      on muscle stiffness are similar for the age range of young adult (6 mo) to old
      (90 wk) SHR and WKY rats. d) Increased muscle stiffness is invariably accompanied
      by decreased muscle shortening velocity but rate of force development and peak
      force may not be impaired.

PMID- 6444390
TI  - From Pasteur to Mitchell: a hundred years of bioenergetics.
AB  - The discovery in 1861 by Louis Pasteur that more yeast is formed aerobically than
      anaerobically per gram of glucose was the first clue to the difference in
      efficiency of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. During the first half of
      the 20th century the pathway of glycolysis was untraveled. Individual enzymes and
      cofactors were isolated and characterized. A reconstituted system of all enzymes
      and cofactors catalyzed steady-state glycolysis, provided an appropriate ATPase
      was added. The need for an ATPase, clearly demonstrated in 1945 by Otto Meyerhof,
      remains an important aspect of glycolysis that has been sorely neglected by
      textbooks. The coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation and the formation of the
      high-energy intermediate 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, discovered by Otto Warburg, are
      the key reactions of glycolysis. A high-energy intermediate formed during this
      process was identified as a thiolester. Early concepts of the mechanism of
      oxidative phosphorylation based on this model led to some frustrating and
      confusing years of search for high-energy intermediates. Important contributions
      from the laboratories of Boyer, Cohn, Chance, Green, Lardy, and Lehninger
      elucidated the properties of the mitochondrial process. Then Peter Mitchell
      proposed in 1961, 100 years after the publication by Pasteur, that the "high
      energy intermediate" is an electrochemical proton gradient generated by the
      electron transport chain and utilized by a proton turbine (the mitochondrial
      ATPase complex) to generate ATP. This concept is now widely accepted. Several
      problems remain to be solved. How are the protons translocated during electron
      transport? How many protons per site? What is the mechanism of ATP generation
      during proton flux via the mitochondrial ATPase?

PMID- 6444391
TI  - Preservation of fertility by transcervical resection of a benign mesodermal
      uterine tumor with a resectoscope and glycine distending medium.

PMID- 6444392
TI  - Specific immunosuppression for fetal pancreas allografts in rats.

PMID- 6444393
TI  - Further evidence that serotonin may be a physiological melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone-releasing factor in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.

PMID- 6444394
TI  - [Transposition of the kanamycin resistance determinant (Tn601) from plasmid 5T to
      the genome of bacteriophage lambda and the expression of this gene after prophage
      induction].
AB  - Tn601, determinging kanamycin resistance of Escherichia coli, has been transposed
      into the bacteriophage lambda genome from R6 plasmid. After curing lambda gtc1857
      (Tn601) lysogenes on the kanamycin containing medium, the clones with stable and
      unstable integrations of the Tn6-1 into the chromosome were obtained. After the
      lysogenization of these clones with the phage lambda att80c1857S7, the phages
      lambda att80c1857S7 (Tn601) were obtained. These phages contained the Tn601 from
      the sites of stable or unstable integrations. The frequency of the Tn601
      transposition from the sites of unstable integration was 10(-7), that was two
      order of magnitude higher than the frequency of the Tn601 transpostion from the
      site of stable integration. Temperature induction of the lambda att80c1857
      (Tn601) prophage resulted in 10--15 times increase of the yeild of aminoglycoside
      3'-phosphotransferase I, the enzyme coded by the aphA gene of the Tn601.

PMID- 6444395
TI  - Rehabilitation facility's design accents activity.

PMID- 6444396
TI  - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XIII. T cell subpopulations (T mu and T
      gamma) in children with bronchial asthma.
AB  - Peripheral blood from children with bronchial asthma was examined for the
      proportions of T cells, T cells with receptors for IgM (T mu) or IgG (T gamma),
      and locomotion of T cells in the presence of chemoattractants casein and
      endotoxin-activated serum (EAS). Patients were divided into two groups: (A)
      children with asthma who were not taking any medication for at least 3--5 days
      prior to the study and (B) children who were taking aminophylline when this study
      was carried out. Proportions of T cells and T gamma cells in patients from both
      groups were comparable to age and sex matched controls. T mu cells in group A
      patients were comparable to those of the control group, but group B patients had
      significantly lower proportions of T mu cells when compared with those of
      controls and of patients in group A. Locomotion of T cells in the presence of
      casein and EAS was comparable in all three groups. The significance of these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 6444398
TI  - Populations of rat skeletal muscle mitochondria after exercise and
      immobilization.
AB  - We slightly modified an existing procedure (Palmer et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252:
      8731-8739, 1977) to isolate two distinct populations of mitochondria from rat
      skeletal muscle; initial brief Polytron homogenization released the
      subsarcolemmal mitochondria, and brief exposure of the resultant intact
      myofibrils to the proteolytic enzyme, Nagarse, extracted the intermyofibrillar
      mitochondria. The intermyofibrillar mitochondria differed from the subsarcolemmal
      mitochondr. ia by higher state III respiration measurements and enzymatic
      activities. These two populations of mitochondria were then isolated from the
      gastrocnemius muscle that had been induced to perform different amounts of
      contractile activity. The endurance training program of daily running
      significantly increased state III respiration and respiratory control index in
      the subsarcolemmal mitochondria, but the program did not increase these
      measurements in the intermyofibrillar mitochondria. In addition, 2 days of
      hindlimb immobilization resulted in a significant decrease in state II
      respiration and the respiratory control index of the subsarcolemmal mitochondria;
      however, immobilization did not affect the intermyofibrillar mitochondria. These
      measurements suggest that the subsarcolemmal mitochondria adapt in response to
      chronic changes in the level of contractile activity.

PMID- 6444397
TI  - Platelet function during haemoperfusion in acute liver failure.
AB  - The changes in platelet-related haemostatic parameters have been studied during
      haemoperfusion of eleven patients with acute liver failure. Five patients were
      treated by haemoperfusion with an albumin-coated resin column and six with a
      polymer-coated charcoal column. The platelet and white cell losses over four
      hours' haemoperfusion were small in both groups. Significant increases in beta
      thromboglobulin (mean 341 +/- SE 145 ng/ml) were seen after one hour in the
      patients treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. One patient in the charcoal group
      with the greatest rises in beta-thromboglobulin (860 ng/ml) and screen filtration
      pressure (205 mmHg) developed severe hypotension and haemoperfusion was
      terminated after 1 hour. One patient in the resin group showed rapid consumption
      of heparin after 2 hours. Measurement of beta-thromboglobulin is a sensitive
      assay of platelet activation during haemoperfusion. Albumin-coated resin
      haemoperfusion appears to be a more blood-compatible procedure with respect to
      platelets than charcoal haemoperfusion.

PMID- 6444399
TI  - Entering the eighties. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Campus
      progress report.

PMID- 6444400
TI  - Arkansas cervical cancer program.

PMID- 6444401
TI  - Medical Grand Rounds: extracranial carotid artery disease.

PMID- 6444402
TI  - Painful non-union of lateral malleolus fractures: three case reports.

PMID- 6444403
TI  - Salmonellosis in infants in Arkansas.

PMID- 6444404
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6444406
TI  - Influence of uvrD3, uvrE502, and recL152 mutations on the phenotypes of
      Escherichia coli K-12 dam mutants.
AB  - The recF143 allele did not alter the phenotypes of dam mutants of Escherichia
      coli. The uvrD3, uvrE502, and recL152 mutations did alter some of the phenotypes
      of dam bacteria. It was concluded that the uvrD, uvrE, and recL gene products are
      involved in the same deoxyribonucleic acid repair pathway as the dam gene
      product.

PMID- 6444405
TI  - Effect of carbon source on enzymes and metabolites of arginine metabolism in
      Neurospora.
AB  - The levels of enzymes and metabolites of arginine metabolism were determined in
      exponential cultures of Neurospora crassa grown on various carbon sources. The
      carbon sources decreased in effectiveness (as determined by generation times) in
      the following order: sucrose, acetate, glycerol, and ethanol. The basal and
      induced levels of the catabolic enzymes, arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) and ornithine
      transaminase (EC 2.6.1.13), were lower in mycelia grown on poor carbon sources.
      Arginase was more sensitive to variations in carbon source than was ornithine
      transaminase. Induction of both enzymes was sensitive to nitrogen metabolite
      control, but this sensitivity was reduced in mycelia grown on glycerol or
      ethanol. The pools of arginine and ornithine were reduced in mycelia grown in
      unsupplemented medium containing poor carbon sources, but the biosynthetic enzyme
      ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3) was not derepressed. The arginine pools
      were similar, regardless of carbon source, in mycelia grown in arginine
      supplemented medium. The ornithine pool was reduced by growth on poor carbon
      sources. The rate of arginine degradation was proportional to the level of
      arginase in both sucrose- and glycerol-grown mycelia. The distribution of
      arginine between cytosol and vesicles was only slightly altered by growth on
      glycerol instead of sucrose. The slightly smaller cytosolic arginine
      concentration did not appear to be sufficient to account for the alterations in
      basal and induced enzyme levels. The results suggest a possible carbon metabolite
      effect on the expression or turnover of a variety of genes for enzymes of
      arginine metabolism in Neurospora.

PMID- 6444407
TI  - Control of arginine metabolism in Neurospora: flux through the biosynthetic
      pathway.
AB  - The flux into the arginine biosynthetic pathway of Neurospora crassa was
      investigated using a mutant strain lacking the ornithine-degrading enzyme
      ornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13). Flux was measured by the increase in
      the sum of the radioactivity (derived from [14C]glutamic acid) in the ornithine
      pool, the arginine pool, and arginine incorporated into proteins. Complete
      cessation of flux occurred immediately upon the addition of arginine to the
      growth medium. This response occurred prior to expansion of the arginine pool.
      After short-term exposure to arginine (80 min), flux resumed quickly upon
      exhaustion of arginine from the medium. This took place despite the presence of
      an expanded arginine pool. Initiation of flux required approximately 80 min when
      the mycelia were grown in arginine-supplemented medium for several generations
      before exhaustion of the exogenous arginine. The arginine pool of such mycelia
      was similar to that found in mycelia exposed to exogenous arginine for only 80
      min. The results are consistent with rapid onset and release of feedback
      inhibiton of arginine biosynthesis in response to brief exposure to exogenous
      arginine. The insensitivity of flux to the size of the arginine pool is
      consistent with a role for compartmentation in this regulatory process. The lag
      in initiation of flux after long-term growth in the presence of exogenous
      arginine suggests the existence of an additional regulatory mechanism(s). Several
      possibilities are discussed.

PMID- 6444408
TI  - Mutation affecting expression of spectinomycin resistance in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A mutation that affects the expression of spectinomycin resistance in a
      spectinomycin-resistant (spcA), conditionally asporogenic strain of Bacillus
      subtilis has been designated srm (spectinomycin resistance modifier). This
      mutation resulted in altered colony morphology and increased growth rate and
      sporulation efficiency in the presence of spectinomycin.

PMID- 6444409
TI  - Assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biosynthesis of the high affinity calcium
      binding protein in rat skeletal muscle cell cultures.
AB  - Temporal patterns of biosynthesis of the high affinity calcium binding protein
      from the sarcoplasmic reticulum were determined and compared with rates of ATPase
      ane cells. Cells at various stages of differentiation were incubated for 2 h with
      [35S]methionine. Specific proteins were isolated from detergent extracts of cells
      by incubation with antibodies specific against the various proteins and
      immunoprecipitates were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab
      gel electrophoresis. Radioactivity incorporated into specific bands was analyzed
      by counting gel slices and incorporation data were used to obtain relative rates
      of individual protein sys found to be indistinguishable from that of
      calsequestrin when cells were grown in standard medium, in medium containing 60
      microM Ca2+ which prevented fusion of cells, or in enriched medium which delayed
      cell fusion. The high affinity calcium binding protein had a relatively high
      turnover rate with a half-life of about 10 h. These studies suggest that
      synthesis of calsequestrin and the high affinity calcium binding protein are
      coordinated even though calsequestrin is a glycoprotein, whereas the high
      affinity calcium binding protein is not glycosylated.

PMID- 6444410
TI  - Purification of the gene N transcription anti-termination protein of
      bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 6444411
TI  - The control of uncoupler-activated ATPase activity in rat liver mitochondria by
      adenine nucleotide transport. The effect of glucagon treatment.
AB  - Acute treatment of rats with glucagon increased the Vmax but did not change the
      Km (ATP) of uncoupler-activated ATPase in subsequently isolated hepatic
      mitochondria. The hormonal stimulation was evident in mitoplasts but not in
      submitochondrial particles nor after lysis of the mitochondria. The rate of Pi
      ATP exchange of intact mitochondria was also increased by glucagon treatment. The
      hormonal stimulation of ATPase was dependent on concentration of the uncouplers,
      being absent at minimally effective concentrations while high concentrations
      inhibited the ATPase. Inhibitors of adenine nucleotide transport decreased ATPase
      activity without evidence of sigmoidicity in the response curves and produced
      linear Dixon plots indicating that the ATPase was limited by the rate of adenine
      nucleotide transport. Glucagon treatment did not change the number of binding
      sites for transport inhibitors. Glucagon stimulated the rate of transport of ATP
      as measured by accumulation of labeled nucleotide. This was found to be the
      consequence of an enlarged pool of exchangeable adenine nucleotides within
      mitochondria from glucagon-treated animals. This increase in mitochondrial
      nucleotides appears to explain a number of the effects of hormones on
      mitochondrial functions including the stimulation of uncoupler-activated ATPase
      activity.

PMID- 6444412
TI  - Amino acid sequence at the allosteric site of sheep heart phosphofructokinase.
AB  - Covalent modification of sheep heart phosphofructokinase with the affinity
      labeling reagent p-fluorosulfonyl[14C]benzoyl-5'-adenosine caused a loss of
      allosteric properties. This modification appears to occur at the binding site
      that is specific for the allosteric activators AMP, cAMP, and ADP (Mansour, T.E.,
      and Colman, R.F. (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 81, 1370-1376). In the
      current study, the site of modification has been demonstrated to be a lysine
      residue. A nonapeptide containing a covalently bound [14C]carboxybenzenesulfonyl
      group attached to alysine residue has been isolated following tryptic digestion.
      The amino acid sequence of the peptide is Asn-Phe-Ala-Thr-Lys-Met-Gly-Ala-Lys.
      The fifth residue in this sequence, lysine, contained the covalently bonded
      reagent.

PMID- 6444413
TI  - The Ca2+-ATPase partial reactions in cardiac and skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum.
      A comparison of transient state kinetic data.

PMID- 6444414
TI  - Magnesium nucleotide is stoichiometrically trapped at the active site of myosin
      and its active proteolytic fragments by thiol cross-linking reagents.

PMID- 6444415
TI  - Evidence that an ATPase and a protonmotive force function in the transport of
      acetylcholine into storage vesicles.
AB  - PC12, a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma, accumulates newly synthesized
      acetylcholine in storage granules. The accumulation of acetylcholine in PC12
      granules, but not acetylcholine synthesis, was inhibited by treatment of the
      cells with any of several inhibitors of energy metabolism. These included
      nigericin, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone,
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and iodoacetate. Valinomycin alone and oligomycin were
      without effect. Except for iodoacetate, these agents did not exert their effects
      on acetylcholine storage by depleting the cells of ATP.

PMID- 6444416
TI  - Enzyme kinetics and substrate stabilization of detergent-solubilized and
      membraneous (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-activated ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Effect of
      protein-protein interactions.

PMID- 6444417
TI  - A direct fluorescence study of the transient steps induced by calcium binding to
      sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase.
AB  - The sarcoplasmic reticulum intrinsic fluorescence level was closely correlated
      with the ATPase functional state, from pH 5.5 to 8.5. The fluorescence signal was
      used in stopped flow measurements for direct study of transient pump kinetics
      after calcium binding or removal. The signal change time course, which depends
      solely on the free calcium concentration in the observation chamber, was analyzed
      as a single exponential. Rate constants (kobs) were relatively slow (5 to 20 s
      1), indicating multistep interaction between calcium and the transport protein.
      At pH 7 and 20 degrees C, and in the presence of 100 mM potassium and 1 to 20 mM
      MgCl2, kobs first decreased, and then increased as the calcium concentration
      rose. Similar experiments were performed at pH 6. Data were analyzed according to
      a scheme in which sarcoplasmic reticulum . calcium complex formation is
      controlled by a slow isomerization step occurring either before or after the
      rapid calcium binding to the high affinity site. The results are discussed with
      reference to published rapid quenching experiments. Under our conditions, i.e. in
      the absence of a calcium gradient across the membrane, the calcium pump cycle
      step in which reorientation of the calcium binding sites occurs cannot be
      identified with the isomerization step mentioned above.

PMID- 6444418
TI  - Chronic neurological diseases: their societal burdens and potential solutions.

PMID- 6444419
TI  - Circulating heparan sulfate proteoglycan anticoagulant from a patient with a
      plasma cell disorder.
AB  - A woman, aged 68, with multiple myeloma (immunoglobulin[Ig]A kappa type)
      developed an anticoagulant with properties suggestive of heparin. The
      anticoagulant prolonged the thrombin time but not the reptilase time and was
      resistant to boiling, proteolytic enzyme digestion, and trichloracetic acid
      precipitation. The thrombin time was corrected by the addition (in vitro) of
      protamine sulfate or the addition of purified platelet Factor 4 (PF4) to the
      plasma. The anticoagulant was isolated by PF4-Sepharose affinity chromatography
      and analyzed in terms of its molecular weight, uronic acid, and amino acid
      composition. The proteoglycan isolated had a mol wt of 116,000 and appears to
      consist of two 38,000 dalton polysaccharide units interconnected by peptide
      material totaling 39,000 daltons. Electrophoretic analysis of the pronase
      digested peptidoglycan using the lithium acetate-agarose technique suggested the
      material was of the heparan sulfate type. The peptidoglycan had about one-tenth
      the specific activity of commercially available heparin on a weight basis. The
      isolated proteoglycan was indistinguishable from commercial heparin when analyzed
      in terms of its ability to act as a cofactor in the antithrombin III inhibition
      of thrombin.

PMID- 6444420
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6444422
TI  - ASDC works, and how!

PMID- 6444421
TI  - Assessment of nonverbal communication in children.

PMID- 6444423
TI  - Dental care.

PMID- 6444424
TI  - Keynote address: National Conference on Dental Care for Handicapped Americans.

PMID- 6444425
TI  - The problems and concerns of the handicapped.

PMID- 6444426
TI  - Providing dental care to the handicapped.

PMID- 6444427
TI  - Dental education for care of the disabled at the University of Washington.

PMID- 6444428
TI  - Predoctoral program models in dentistry for the handicapped: the University of
      Tennessee program.

PMID- 6444429
TI  - Student assessment: special patient care program.

PMID- 6444430
TI  - Conference summary. National Conference on Dental Care for Handicapped Americans.

PMID- 6444431
TI  - Program summaries. National Conference on Dental Care for Handicapped Americans.

PMID- 6444432
TI  - Effect of an extraumural program on student attitudes toward dental care for the
      mentally retarded.

PMID- 6444433
TI  - The interrelationship of two systems of fiber classification in rat EDL muscle.

PMID- 6444434
TI  - Determination of immunoreactive melatonin in the colon of the rat by
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Melatonin immunofluorescence in the rat colon was measured with a cadmium sulfide
      photometer in conjunction with an immunohistological double antibody procedure.
      The method proved to be very reliable with 5-10% intra- and interassay
      reliabilities. In addition, manipulation of the primary antibody concentration,
      the incubation time, and the nature of the first antibody produced predicted
      changes in fluorescence intensity. Treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine led to a
      marked reduction of melatonin-specific fluorescence.

PMID- 6444435
TI  - Low back pain and case control studies.

PMID- 6444436
TI  - [Ototoxicity of ear drops].

PMID- 6444437
TI  - [Sinus aspergillosis].

PMID- 6444438
TI  - [Current concepts of the post-operative treatment of laryngectomized patients in
      a specialized milieu for rapid social reinsertion by a multi-specialty team
      (experience with 5000 cases)].

PMID- 6444439
TI  - Motor neurone disease and hyperthyroid Graves' disease: a chance association?
AB  - The presentation of a 56-year-old woman with coexisting hyperthyroid Graves'
      disease and motor neurone disease is described. Circulating immune complexes were
      detected in the serum of seven patients with motor neurone disease (five cases)
      or primary lateral sclerosis (two cases), including a man with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6444440
TI  - Selective type II fibre muscular atrophy in patients with osteoarthritis of the
      hip.
AB  - The size and the distribution of type I and tye II fibres was determined in the
      gluteus maximus (21 cases), gluteus medius (56 cases) and tensor faciae latae (27
      cases) muscles of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. The patients were of
      both sexes, aged between 37 and 64 years (younger group) and between 65 and 78
      years (older group). Autopsy material of the two comparable age groups and of a
      group of "normal" adults (aged 22-44 years) served as controls. It was shown
      statistically that the diameter of both types of fibres and the relative number
      of type II fibres diminished with progressing age. In patients with
      osteoarthritis the degree of the selective atrophy of type II fibres was
      significantly higher than in the control groups. The atrophy is interpreted as a
      consequence of diminished muscular activity. No neurogenic lesions were detected
      either in the muscles of the patients or in those of the control groups.

PMID- 6444441
TI  - The mortality experience of workers exposed to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in a
      trichlorophenol process accident.
AB  - A standardized mortality analysis was conducted on workers exposed to
      tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in a trichlorophenol process accident at the Monsanto
      Company plant in Nitro, West Virginia. One hundred and twenty-one workers who
      developed chloracne resulting from this accident on March 8, 1949, were selected
      for study. Follow-up of this group was 100% complete. The standardized mortality
      ratio for all causes of death was shown to be 0.69, with 32 deaths observed and
      46.41 expected. For the categories of malignant neoplasms and circulatory
      diseases, the standardized mortality ratios were 1.00 and 0.68, respectively.
      Because of the small size of the cohort and the relatively small number of deaths
      observed, the results of this study cannot be considered conclusive. However, it
      is important that no apparent excess in total mortality or in deaths from
      malignant neoplasms or diseases of the circulatory system was observed in a group
      of workers with a high peak exposure to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin who were
      followed over a period of nearly 30 years. The results of this study will be
      incorporated with those of a larger study which will include plant workers
      exposed in the course of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid production during the
      period 1948 to 1969.

PMID- 6444442
TI  - Ascorbic acid in the prevention of chromium dermatitis.
AB  - A worker with strong chromium sensitivity was obliged to handle freshly printed
      paper with inks containing chromium. Because of his importance to the firm, he
      continued in the position despite a severe hand dermatitis. Gloves and barrier
      creams were unacceptable, as were oral antihistamines and corticosteroids. A
      solution of 10% ascorbic acid was applied to his hands at the worksite in order
      to reduce the active hexavalent chromium to the inactive trivalent form. This
      inexpensive, easy-to-use method resulted in a speedy recovery and long-term
      employment of a valued employee.

PMID- 6444443
TI  - Rationalization of drug complexation in aqueous solution by use of Huckel
      frontier molecular orbitals.
AB  - The complexation of certain drug molecules with niacinamide in aqueous solution
      was explained by the application of Huckel frontier molecular orbital
      calculations. A linear relationship was observed between the association
      constants derived from phase solubility studies and the interaction energy
      predicted by frontier molecular orbital calculations.

PMID- 6444444
TI  - [Major cardiac diseases and ECG diagnosis: heart enlargement].

PMID- 6444445
TI  - Late effects of low-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
AB  - As part of a systematic program to evaluate the late effects of antineoplastic
      therapy in randomized clinical trials, patients enrolled in the low-dose thio
      TEPA (TSPA) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) adjuvant colorectal cancer
      protocols of the Veterans Administration (VA) Surgical Oncology Group between
      1958 and 1964 were studied. All patients received surgery with curative intent;
      470 also received TSPA, 176 received FdUrd, and 867 received surgery only. The
      unique VA system permitted complete follow-up through 1977, with 10,902 person
      years of observation accrued among 1,613 male patients (mean survival = 6.8 yr).
      Expected mortality and cancer incidence were computed by applying U.S. Mortality
      Statistics and Connecticut Tumor Registry age-, race-, sex-, and calendar time
      specific rates to the person-years of observation. The mortality experience of
      the 3 groups was similar. Overall, there was a significant excess in total
      mortality (observed/expected = 1,359/553) attributable mainly to colorectal
      cancer (584/14), arteriosclerotic heart disease (258/215.9), pneumonia (41/17),
      gastric and duodenal ulcers (15/4), and cirrhosis (14/6). No excess mortality
      from noncolorectal cancers was apparent, nor were there significant differences
      by treatment: TSPA (22/22), FdUrd (9/12), and surgery only (50/42). Among 1,402
      white patients, no significant excess of incident noncolorectal cancers were
      observed among patients treated with TSPA (30/31, FdUrd (14/15), or surgery only
      (63/58). Seven incident cases of leukemia developed (4.1 expected) among all
      patients of various groups: TSPA (3/1.3), FdUrd (1/0.6), and surgery only
      (3/2.2). No excess of new primary cancers was observed among 211 nonwhite
      patients. An inverse relationship between the occurrence of second primary cancer
      and age at diagnosis, irrespective of therapy, was suggested. The results
      demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for assessment of late
      complications of anticancer therapy and suggested no measurable carcinogenic
      effect following very low doses of TSPA and FdUrd in a population of this size.

PMID- 6444446
TI  - Current status of renal transplantation.

PMID- 6444447
TI  - Wednesday's and Thursday's child.

PMID- 6444448
TI  - An operant procedure for improving vocabulary definition performances in
      developmentally delayed children.
AB  - This report describes a training program in which operant procedures were used to
      improve the identification and definition of selected vocabulary words in three
      developmentally delayed children. Generalization from the training words was well
      established, as determined by responses to untrained vocabulary performance
      words. The results of this procedure suggest its application with other
      developmentally delayed children.

PMID- 6444449
TI  - Extended aortic bypass.
AB  - At the University of Alberta Hospital, six patients recently underwent placement
      of Dacron bypass grafts from the ascending aorta to the infrarenal abdominal
      aorta or femoral arteries for a variety of vascular problems. The operations were
      performed in patients with (1) multiple aortic coarctations, (2) congenital
      aortic arch interruption and congenital mitral stenosis, (3) recoarctation of the
      thoracic aorta after previous coaractation repair (two patients), (4) aortoiliac
      occlusive disease in a patient with multiple previous abdominal operations
      including an abdominal-perineal resection and left lower quadrant colostomy, and
      (5) idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and multiple previous operations on the
      abdominal aorta. Surgical access was through midline sternotomy and laparotomy
      incisions, and groin incisions were used as required. Careful attention was paid
      to placing as much graft as possible in an extraperitoneal position. All patients
      survived the operation and had essentially uneventful postoperative courses with
      good results. This technique has previously been described. However, attention is
      drawn to it once again as an excellent means of bypassing the thoracic and
      abdominal aorta in selected patients with complex vascular problems.

PMID- 6444450
TI  - Surgical treatment of congenital pulmonary stenosis due to dysplastic leaflets
      and small valve anulus.
AB  - Seven cases of pulmonary valve stenosis due to congenital dysplasia of the
      valvular apparatus have been corrected by patch-graft enlargement of the right
      ventricular outflow tract. The six surviving patients (85%) are now leading
      normal lives with good exercise tolerance. The satisfactory right ventricular
      performance, manifested by these subjects after the operation and in the long
      term follow-up, supports the validity of the procedure in the presence of a
      normal right ventricle and tricuspid valve.

PMID- 6444451
TI  - Use of thrombolytic agents.

PMID- 6444452
TI  - Use of thrombolytic agents.

PMID- 6444453
TI  - Sequence of the lactose permease gene.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the lacY gene coding for lactose permease (M protein)
      in Escherichia coli has been determined. The sequence includes the intergenic
      regions between the lacZ (beta-galactosidase) and lacY genes as well as the
      region between the lacY and lacA (transacetylase) genes. Lactose permease is
      predicted to consist of 417 residues (71% nonpolar), resulting in a protein with
      a molecular weight of 46,504. The reading frame was confirmed by the sequence of
      a nonsense mutation changing codon 33 from UGG to UAG.

PMID- 6444454
TI  - Sails set for the myosin active site.

PMID- 6444455
TI  - An ATP-dependent Ca2+-pumping system in dog heart sarcolemma.

PMID- 6444456
TI  - Recovery frequency of phages lambda and M13 from human and animal faeces.
AB  - Derivatives of bacteriophages lambda and M13 are in common use as vectors in
      recombinant DNA RESEARCH. These laboratory-derived phages have been designed to
      allow cloning of DNA fragments, but to be unable to survive outside a defined
      laboratory and/or host-cell environment. To assess the availability of wild-type
      lambda or M13 phages in the environment which might potentially rescue
      debilitated derivative phages, we have now examined the frequency of these and
      other bacteriophages in human and animal faeces. We detected coliphage in over
      two-thirds of the faecal samples. Of these, 1.2% of the samples contained lambda
      like phage and 3.5% had phage indistinguishable from M13.

PMID- 6444457
TI  - Stimulation of hypothalamic nuclei has differential effects on lipid synthesis in
      brown and white adipose tissue.

PMID- 6444458
TI  - Reye syndrome: serum-induced alterations in brain mitochondrial function are
      blocked by fatty-acid-free albumin.
AB  - Oxygen utilization and pH changes were monitored simultaneously in mitochondria
      isolated from rat brain. Addition of serum from four patients with Reye syndrome
      stimulated the resting respiratory rate, decreased respiratory control,
      stimulated ATPase activity, and decreased the rate of phosphorylation as measured
      by changes in pH. Serum from normal individuals did not have these effects.
      Convalescent serum from the three surviving patients showed a return of values
      toward normal. These changes were most marked with serum from the more deeply
      comatose patients. Contrary to a previous study of rat liver mitochondria, the
      changes were blocked by preincubation of the patients' sera with fatty-acid-free
      albumin. The serum factor responsible for the impairment in mitochondrial
      function may be a short- or medium-chain fatty acid.

PMID- 6444459
TI  - New nurse support service expands existing long-term disability program.

PMID- 6444460
TI  - Ammonia encephalopathy secondary to urinary tract infection with Proteus
      mirabilis.
AB  - Hyperammonemia with coma, tachypnea, and respiratory alkalosis developed in a 3
      year-old boy with prune"-belly syndrome during a urinary tract infection with
      Proteus mirabilis. Hyperammonemia is thought to have resulted from the production
      within the massively dilated urinary tract of excessive amounts of ammonia due to
      bacterial urease, and its subsequent reabsorption into the systemic circulation.
      The patient rapidly improved following parenteral antibiotic therapy and
      continuous catheter drainage of the urinary tract.

PMID- 6444461
TI  - [Ependymoma of the cauda equina presenting as raised intracranial pressure
      without ventricular dilatation. One case (author's transl)].
AB  - Intracranial hypertension is a rare phenomenon in the development of intra-spinal
      neoplasm. In the present case, it occurred without ventricular dilatation raising
      the problem of the underlying mechanism. Perturbations in the CSF reabsorption
      would appear less likely than an increase in brain volume, where cerebral edema
      may play an important role.

PMID- 6444462
TI  - [The surgical treatment of tubal sterility. Value of free peritoneal graft and of
      early coelloscopy in the prevention of adhesions (author's transl)].
AB  - We have greatly improved in prevention of adhesions after tuboplasty, using two
      different and new technics: --peritoneal grafts on crude surfaces (21 cases) -
      laparoscopy 8 days after tuboplasty (54 cases), and sweeping off fresh adhesions
      with a rod. First results seem to confirm the interest of these methods.

PMID- 6444463
TI  - Nursing care study: a severely mentally and physically handicapped child.

PMID- 6444464
TI  - Community care: a family with a handicapped child.

PMID- 6444465
TI  - Expandable polyfoam for constructing adaptive equipment.

PMID- 6444467
TI  - Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: oligomycin-resistant mutations affect
      periodicity.
AB  - Nuclear mutations conferring resistance to oligomycin, a mitochondrial inhibitor,
      shorten the period of the circadian conidiation rhythm of Neurospora crassa from
      the normal 21.5 hours to 18 to 19 hours and slow the linear growth rate by 30
      percent. These olir mutations map very close to frq, a locus at which mutations
      affecting periodicity have been previously obtained. The possibilities are
      discussed that mitochondria are involved in circadian rhythm generation and that
      certain period-length mutations affect mitochondrial functions.

PMID- 6444466
TI  - Preclinical and clinical studies on chlorozotocin, a new nitrosourea with
      decreased bone marrow toxicity.
AB  - Chlorozotocin is a glucose-substituted chloroethyl nitrosourea with pharmacologic
      properties suggesting it is a relatively nonmyelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy
      drug. Preclinical studies have shown that this drug possesses approximately twice
      the in vitro alkylating activity of the chloroethyl nitrosoureas BCNU and CCNU.
      In the L1210 leukemia system, chlorozotocin has curative activity at doses that
      result in minimal bone marrow toxicity. In vitro studies of human bond marrow
      stem cells have shown that chlorozotocin is relatively sparing of these cells
      compared to BCNU. Phase I and phase II trials in man have been performed that
      show that chlorozotocin's dose-limiting toxicity is thrombocytopenia at doses
      greater than 120 mg/m2. In the phase II trial, 16% of patients with colon cancer
      and 20% of patients with malignant melanoma evidenced objective regression of
      disease. Chlorozotocin is now undergoing phase II evaluation in combination
      chemotherapy trials in colon and stomach cancer.

PMID- 6444468
TI  - Use of noninvasive electromagnetic flowmetry in the assessment of peripheral
      arterial disease.
AB  - The need for noninvasive techniques capable of quantitating peripheral arterial
      insufficiency is becoming increasingly obvious. We have shown the technique of
      noninvasive elctromagnetic flowmetry to be capable of distinguishing three
      relatively discrete clinical zones by quantitating the peak pulsatile flow of
      blood through the thigh and calf. The obtained peak pulsatile flow values were in
      close agreement with ischemic index values previously reported as grading the
      degree of ischemia in a patient. In certain patients, the noninvasive
      electromagnetic flowmeter has yielded information not readily available from
      Doppler systolic pressure measurements. With the noninvasive technique of
      electromagnetic flowmetry and Doppler ultrasound, it is possible to confirm and
      quantitate patient complaints, follow disease progression and document
      improvement following arterial reconstructive operations. The noninvasive
      electromagnetic flowmeter has also been shown to be invaluable in the selection
      of the operative procedure by providing information about arterial run-on, run-in
      and run-off.

PMID- 6444470
TI  - [Legal problems of forensic psychiatric expertise and of the compulsory treatment
      of psychiatric patients who have committed socially dangerous acts].

PMID- 6444469
TI  - Factors related to stroke incidence in Hawaii Japanese men. The Honolulu Heart
      Study.
AB  - As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of coronary heart disease and stroke
      among Japanese men in Hawaii, 8,006 men of Japanese ancestry living on the island
      of Oahu and aged 45-68 at entry examination have been followed by reexamination
      and surveillance. One hundred and eleven were found to have evidence of prior
      stroke at the time of the initial examination. During a six-year follow up period
      of the remaining 7,895 men, 94 developed definite thromboembolic stroke, 33
      definite intracranial hemorrhage, and 6 developed stroke of unknown type. The
      principal risk factors for thromboembolic stroke were: elevated blood pressure,
      glucose intolerance, age, and electrocardiography evidence of left ventricular
      hypertrophy or strain. Attributes associated with increased risk of intracranial
      hemorrhage were elevated blood pressure, electrocardiographic evidence of left
      ventricular hypertrophy or strain, and alcohol intake. Serum cholesterol level
      was negatively associated with risk of intracranial hemorrhage.

PMID- 6444471
TI  - [Prof. Ia. S. Susin (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6444472
TI  - Suppression of the in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocy te response with heat-treated
      allogeneic cells.

PMID- 6444473
TI  - Mixed lymphocyte culture, phytohemagglutinin stimulation, and matching grade:
      clinical relevance in renal transplantation from living related donors.
AB  - Mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), including phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation
      and HLA-A and HLA-B loci typing of donor and recipient, were performed on 70
      renal allograft recipients and relevant family members. Graft survival was
      correlated retrospectively with matchnd PHA response index (PHARI), in order to
      assess the clinical relevance of each variable singly or jointly. Overall graft
      survival was significantly associated with SI (log10) (P less than 0.001) and
      matching grade (P = 0.027). No significant association with either PHARI or II
      was detected (P greater than 0.10). In addition, the product of the last two
      indices--the lymphocyte response index (LRI)--was not found to be related to
      graft survival (P greater than 0.10). Survival of grafts with one-haplotype
      identity was significantly associated with SI (P = 0.002). Survival in this group
      was not found to be related to II, PHARI, or LRI, considered either alone or
      jointly (P greater than 0.10). Grafts with two-allele-identical grafts, whereas
      PHARI did not differ. SI and matching grade were related significantly to graft
      survival and appeared to be the most important variables.

PMID- 6444474
TI  - [Aspiration of human oocytes by laparoscopy and laparotomy].

PMID- 6444475
TI  - [Esophageal cancer morbidity of the population of Guryev Province].
AB  - Based on a statistical analysis of 1296 cases of esophageal cancer for the period
      of 1970--1972, there was noted an irregular incidence of this lesion in the
      Gur'evsk Province administrative districts: high rates of esophageal cancer
      incidence (from 129,0 +/- 3,9 to 154,3 +/- 3,6 cases per 100,000 of population)
      were found in Balkashinsk, Kzyl-Kugisnk, Makatsk, Embinsk districts and the
      Shevchenko Fort. As a whole, the rate of esophageal cancer incidence in the
      Province remains as high as before, being 79,4 +/- 6,2 for males and 90,5 +/- 4,0
      for females, the standardized indices--126,6 +/- 1,4 and 112,7 +/- 6,2
      accordingly per 100,000 of population of the corresponding sex group. Esophageal
      cancer most frequently affected persons of both sex aged 50 and over, but
      especially high rates were noted in persons aged 60 and over. With regard to the
      ethnic factor esophageal cancer is observed in Kazakhs 5 times as frequently as
      in Russians and 9.5 times as in other nationalities.

PMID- 6444476
TI  - [Principles and results of 5 years' work on a register of hemoblastoses].
AB  - In the paper, the organization steps and working principles of the first in this
      country the Sochi hemoblastosis Registry at RIEPT of the USSR Academy of Medical
      Sciences are reported. During a 5-year period the detailed comprehensive
      information was obtained on 1500 patients with blood system malignancies among 2
      millions of the Krasnodar territory population. The results of statistical,
      multipurpose analytical epidemiological investigations as well as clinical and
      organization studies are summarized. It is concluded that hemoblastosis Registry
      is an optimim model for conducting thorough researches and improving all aspects
      of the specialized oncohematological service among the country population.

PMID- 6444477
TI  - [Clinical endoscopic criteria of the early forms of esophageal cancer].
AB  - An analysis is given of the clinico-endoscopic findings in 1389 patients with
      esophageal cancer, in 27 of them an early form of cancer was noted.
      Fibroesophagoscopy is of special importance for early diagnosis of esophageal
      cancer. Visual examination of the mucous membrane associated with the possibility
      to obtain the material for histological and cytologic assays makes the technic
      concerned indispensable for solving the diagnostic difficulties involved.

PMID- 6444478
TI  - [Suppression of epidermal cellular proliferation of normal human skin under
      exposure to epidermal chalones in vitro].

PMID- 6444479
TI  - [Quality and effectiveness of the dispensary care industrial workers suffering
      from gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers].

PMID- 6444480
TI  - [Mortality and median longevity trends of the working-age population].

PMID- 6444481
TI  - [Causes of disability in women of childbearing age (based on data from Perm)].

PMID- 6444482
TI  - [Health and medical attendance of female adolescent textile workers].

PMID- 6444483
TI  - [Scientific Medical Council of the People's Commissariat of Public Health of the
      RSFSR in 1918-1936].

PMID- 6444484
TI  - [Systems approach to improving the management of a specialized public health
      service].

PMID- 6444485
TI  - [Patent service in the medical college (organization, tasks, prospects)].

PMID- 6444486
TI  - [Work experience of the Kasimov Central District Hospital].

PMID- 6444487
TI  - [Organizational experience with first aid and emergency care for the population
      of a rural district].

PMID- 6444488
TI  - [Formation of a student collective at the initial stage of instruction in the
      medical institute].

PMID- 6444489
TI  - [Pressing problems of public health organization and management].

PMID- 6444490
TI  - [Organization of specialized hospital surgical care for patients with biliary
      tract diseases].

PMID- 6444491
TI  - Ultrastructure of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN)-induced lesions in the central
      nervous system of rats. II. Alterations of the nervous susceptibility with aging.
AB  - Lesions in the CNS induced by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) presented a spongy state
      of the gray matter and neuronal chromatolysis. With aging of the experimental
      animals the lesions extended from the phylogenetically early developed structures
      to those developed later, i.e., from spinal gray matter, dentate nuclei, and
      brain stem nuclei through limbic structures and striatum to the cerebral cortex.
      Changes of the neurons were more prominent with aging. Lesions in the CNS of rats
      at the age, corresponding to the involutional period in the human, were similar
      to those of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (C-J) disease) in the presenile age. In
      recent years, the resemblance between C-J disease and pellagra encephalopathy had
      been noted by several authors, and they resemble the lesions caused by 6-AN, an
      antimetabolite of nicotinamide used in our experiment. This evidence, therefore,
      has led to the hypothesis that dysfunction of NAD(H)- or NADP(H)-dependent
      enzymes in the CNS of the aged, even if not the primary cause, may be one
      possible pathogenetic factor of C-J disease.

PMID- 6444492
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse: jet stream causing mural endocarditis.
AB  - A 53 year old man died of cerebral hemorrhage while being treated for
      Streptococcus mutans endocarditis. At autopsy the only endocarditic lesion was on
      the left atrial mural endocardium. The noninfected mitral valve demonstrated
      prolapse and mucinous degeneration. The latter had led to rupture of several
      chordae tendineae, with the resultant jet stream predisposing to endocarditis at
      its point of atrial impact. The case provides confirmation of current concepts of
      the pathogenesis of endocarditis and has important therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6444493
TI  - Electrocardiogram in double chamber right ventricle.
AB  - Thirty patients with a double chamber right ventricle were seen during a 7 year
      period. The majority of patients had associated cardiac anomalies, most commonly
      a ventricular septal defect. In this series, as in others, the history, clinical
      examination, chest roentgenogram and echocardiogram were inconclusive for
      diagnosing double chamber right ventricle. Symptoms were generally related to the
      severity of the associated anomalies. In 40 percent of the patients reviewed,
      upright T waves were found in lead V3R as the only electrocardiographic finding
      suggestive of right ventricular hypertrophy. Because upright T waves in lead V3R
      in the absence of other evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy are not
      commonly seen in patients with an isolated ventricular septal defect or a defect
      associated with other forms of right ventricular outflow obstruction, this
      finding should alert the cardiologist to the possibility of the presence of
      double chamber right ventricle prior to cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 6444494
TI  - Parents' reactions after the birth of a developmentally disabled child.
AB  - Thirty families with a developmentally disabled child less than 1.5 years old
      were compared to 30 families with a nonhandicapped child. One-half of the
      families lived in California, and half lived in Denmark. Findings indicated that
      parents with a very young developmentally disabled child see themselves more
      negatively after the baby's birth, and they express more negative feelings about
      their child. Regarding Danish--American differences, the supportive services in
      Denmark did not have a significantly greater impact on the parents' adjustment
      than did the supports in the United States. Furthermore, the use of supportive
      services correlated with positive adjustment in some areas and negative
      adjustment in others.

PMID- 6444495
TI  - MS: being disabled doesn't mean being handicapped.

PMID- 6444496
TI  - Relationship of maternal placental blood flow to the placental clearance of
      maternal plasma dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate through placental estradiol
      formation.
AB  - We have suggested that the placental clearance of maternal plasma
      dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DS) through estradiol (E2) formation (PC-DSE2) is
      reflective of uteroplacental blood flow (F). Clewell and Meschia13 suggested that
      PC-DSE2 is related to F as follows: Cobs = F(1-e-C/F), where Cobs = PC-DSE2 and C
      = total placental clearance of maternal plasma DS. This equation contains two
      unknown quantities, F and C. To solve the equation, Clewell and Meschia assumed
      that C was constant. Using 19.7 ml/min for C, they allowed PC-DSE2 to vary widely
      and computed F. Upon finding that F was unrealistically low for some values of PC
      DSE2, they concluded that reductions in PC-DSE2 do not reflect alterations in
      uteroplacental blood flow. In the analysis of the relationship of F to PC-DSE2,
      it is important to know the value of C. Since the direct measurement of C is not
      possible at this time, we have evaluated C by measuring the difference between
      the metabolic clearance rate of DS (MCR-DS) prior to and immediately following
      delivery. Any change in MCR-DS before and after delivery should be a reflection
      of the amount of maternal plasma DS cleared by the placenta through all metabolic
      routes including  PC-DSE2, providing nonplacental clearances of maternal plasma
      DS before and immediately after delivery are the same. We measured MCR-DS and PC
      DSE2 in 15 pregnant women within 5 days before delivery and repeated the MCR-DS
      measurement in these women beginning 90 minutes after delivery. Among these 15
      women, C ranged from a low of 4.7 ml/min in a woman with severe pre-eclampsia to
      a high of 28.5 ml/min in a woman with twins. In addition to the finding that C
      varied widely, it was also ascertained that PC-DSE2 was positively correlated
      with C (r = 0.908; p less than 0.001). The finding that low or high values for PC
      DSE2, observed in complicated pregnancies, were associated with similar changes
      in C is suggestive that a change in PC-DSE2 is reflective of a change in
      uteroplacental blood flow.

PMID- 6444498
TI  - Chemically induced (streptozotocin-alloxan) diabetes mellitus in the dog.
      Biochemical and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Adult beagle dogs were infused intravenously with alloxan (50 mg/kg) and
      streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) in order to investigate sequential changes in plasma
      glucose, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol. These biochemical findings were
      correlated with ultrastructural alterations in pancreatic islets. Following
      infusion, the dogs became hyperglycemic by 2 hours, severely hypoglycemic by 6 to
      14 hours, and permanently hyperglycemic by 24 hours. Plasma immunoreactive
      insulin increased sharply from 6 to 10 hours, then declined to nearly
      undetectable levels by 24 hours. Ultrastructurally, beta cells at 2 hours had
      clumped nuclear chromatin, vacuolated mitochondria, and dilated individual
      profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. Secretory granules appeared swollen but
      retained their internal cores. Degeneration of beta cells was severe after 10
      hours, and plasma membranes of beta cells were disrupted by 24 hours. The
      cytoplasmic area of adjacent beta cells coalesced and had accumulations of
      membranous debris, lipofuscin, and autophagic vacuoles. Alpha and delta cells
      appeared to be unaffected. Plasma glucagon levels decreased markedly at 10 hours
      and were related reciprocally to changes in plasma insulin. Pancreatic islets in
      dogs with chronic (16 months) diabetes were small and composed primarily of
      granulated alpha and delta cells. Poorly granulated beta cells with degenerative
      changes were present in an occasional islet. The results of this investigation
      demonstrated that the combined administration of a single dose of alloxan and
      streptozotocin selectively destroyed the beta cells, while alpha and delta cells
      of the islets of Langerhans remained unaltered. Pathologic evidence of toxicity
      was not present in other organs. Chemically induced diabetes mellitus in dogs is
      a reproducible animal model that should prove useful in studies requiring
      repeated experimental manipulations or sampling of biologic fluids in order to
      evaluate the long-term effects of different routes of delivery or preparations of
      insulin to control the persistent hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6444497
TI  - An epidemiologic study of risk factors associated with pregnancy following female
      sterilization.
AB  - Data on 14,700 female sterilization patients were collected by the International
      Fertility Research Program (IFRP) from 1972 to 1978 and analyzed to determine
      risk factors associated with the incidence of pregnancy following sterilization.
      With a case-control approach, it was found that younger patients (less than or
      equal to 34 years old) and those who did not lactate after sterilization had a
      higher risk of becoming pregnant. Patients who were sterilized in the early
      phases of a service program had a higher risk of pregnancy than those sterilized
      later. In the laparoscopic series, the relative risk of pregnancy was four times
      greater in patients who had the prototype spring clip than in patients who had
      the Falope ring. The relative risk increased to 7.0 when patients who had the
      prototype spring clip were compared to those who had the Falope ring,
      electrocoagulation, or the Rocket clip. Patients sterilized by electrocoagulation
      had a low pregnancy risk, but the risk of an ectopic pregnancy was significantly
      higher than for those sterilized with mechanical devices. In the culdoscopic
      series, the tantalum clip had an unacceptable pregnancy risk.

PMID- 6444499
TI  - Contractile, biochemical, and histochemical properties of thyrotoxic rat soleus
      muscle.
AB  - The effects of thyrotoxicosis on the contractile properties of soleus muscle were
      examined in rats given 3 mg of T4 and 1 mg of T3 per kg of diet for 6--8 wk.
      Thyrotoxicosis induced significant decreases in isometric twitch contraction time
      (CT), one-half relaxation time, and peak twitch tension. The Ca2+ uptake activity
      of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was increased in the thyrotoxic muscles; this
      adaptation in the SR provides a possible mechanism for the alterations in
      isometric contractile properties. Thyrotoxicosis induced a large increase in
      fibers classified as type 2, on the basis of an alkali-stable histochemical
      reaction for ATPase, in the soleus. Although this reaction is commonly
      interpreted as indicating that a muscle is fast, maximum shortening velocity
      (Vmax) and Mg2+ activated actomyosin ATPase activity were unaffected in the
      thyrotoxic soleus. Our findings provide evidence that CT and Vmax can vary
      independently and that the histochemical ATPase reaction may not always reflect
      the biochemical properties that make myosin fast or slow.

PMID- 6444500
TI  - Role of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in myoelectric activity of small bowel in
      the dog.
AB  - Studies were conducted in conscious dogs implanted with monopolar silver
      electrodes along the small intestine to determine whether the intestinal motility
      response to histamine is mediated by H1-receptors alone or whether H2-receptors
      are also involved in the response. Histamine infusion alone induced a marked
      increase in the appearance rate and the propagation velocity of the
      interdigestive myoelectric complexes (IMC). This effect was reproduced by the
      administration of the selective H1-receptor agonist, 2-methylhistamine, and
      abolished by the H1-receptor antagonist, tripelennamine. Tripelennamine alone
      decreased the frequency of occurrence of the IMC in fasted animals and reduced
      significantly the spike potential activity of the small bowel in fed dogs.
      Neither the H2-receptor agonist, dimaprit, nor the H2-receptor antagonist,
      metiamide, had any influence on the motility patterns in fasted or fed animals.
      We conclude that histamine influences the patterns of small bowel motility via
      stimulation of H1-receptors but its physiological role in modulating intestinal
      motility remains to be determined.

PMID- 6444501
TI  - Functional exteriorized colon for perforations due to diverticulitis.
AB  - Three patients had normal bowel function with the sigmoid colon exteriorized
      through an abdominal wound for 39, 42 and 72 days. Colostomy was thus avoided
      during the time the patient was recovering from peritonitis and inflammation in
      the involved segment of colon. Ready access was provided to the distal limb of
      the colon at second operation.

PMID- 6444502
TI  - Electrophoresis of DNA in agarose gels. II. Effects of loading mass and
      electroendosmosis on electrophoretic mobilities.

PMID- 6444503
TI  - Effect of word speed, number of words, and habituation on the discrimination
      score of synthesized speech.
AB  - The audiologic uses of Synte 2, a speech synthetizer converting text into speech,
      with unlimited word capacity, are described, One hundred persons with normal
      hearing, who were divided into four equal groups, listened to 150 to 400 words
      uttered at speeds equal to rates of 50, 60, 70 and 80 words per minute. Groups of
      words were uttered at 5-sec intervals at 50 dB SL. After 100 words the listeners'
      discrimination scores rose to over 80%. The highest mean score was 85%. The
      results were much the same for all the speeds tried. Synthesized speech affords
      the only means of producing identical, sensitized-speech tests over and over
      again. Although naturally the original tapes wear out, master tapes made on
      different occasions keep the test results constant. Synte 2 also provides an aid
      for the mute. It makes man-machine communication possible in business and
      industrial use. It serves a useful purpose in speech pathology and phoniatric
      examinations. A discussion machine is under development.

PMID- 6444504
TI  - Comparison of effects of sublethal microwave radiation and conventional heating
      on the metabolic activity of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - This study was conducted in an attempt to characterize some of the effects of
      sublethal microwave radiation on cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Cultures were
      exposed to microwave radiation for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. The effects of a
      conventional heat treatment were also compared by placing flasks containing
      cultures in a boiling water bath for the amount of time required to reach
      temperatures equivalent to those found in cultures exposed to microwave
      radiation. Control, microwave-treated, and conventionally heat-treated cultures
      were centrifuged, pellets were resuspended in distilled water, and the resulting
      suspensions were passed through a French pressure cell. Cell lysates and walls
      were then isolated and assayed for enzymatic activity. Thermonuclease production
      was also determined at various levels of exposure of cells to microwave
      radiation. Activities of malate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases,
      cytochrome oxidase, and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphatase were higher in
      microwave-treated cells than in control cells. Membrane adenosine triphosphatase,
      alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were unaffected when
      cells were exposed to microwave radiation. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase was decreased by exposure of cells to microwave radiation. In
      conventionally heated cells, activities of glucose-6-phosphate and malate
      dehydrogenases and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphatase increased activities of
      alpha-ketoglutarate and lactate dehydrogenases decreased, and alkaline
      phosphatase activity remained unaffected. Increased levels of thermonuclease
      activity were observed when cells were exposed to microwave radiation for 10 or
      20 s. Data indicate that microwave radiation affects S. aureus in a manner which
      cannot be explained solely by thermal effects.

PMID- 6444505
TI  - Activation of phosphofructokinase by divalent anions.

PMID- 6444507
TI  - Inhibition of yeast mitochondrial ATPase by concanavalin A.

PMID- 6444506
TI  - Purification and properties of ATPase from an alkalophilic Bacillus.

PMID- 6444508
TI  - Characterization of Mg2+- and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in adipocyte
      endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6444509
TI  - Studies on the role of myosin light chain-LC2 in tension generation.

PMID- 6444510
TI  - Synthesis and decay of lambda DNA replication proteins in minicells.

PMID- 6444511
TI  - NADH-dependent glutamate synthase and nitrogen metabolism in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 6444512
TI  - Unique uncoupler-stimulation pattern of mitochondrial ATPase activity of tumor
      cells, brain, and fetal liver.

PMID- 6444513
TI  - The translation of chick skeletal muscle poly (A)-containing mRNA in primary
      heart muscle cells in culture.

PMID- 6444514
TI  - Characterization of the inhibitory (epsilon) subunit of the proton-translocating
      adenosine triphosphatase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The inhibitory subunit (epsilon) of the F1 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was
      purified to homogeneity from the ML 308-225 and K12 (lambda) strains of
      Escherichia coli. No tryptophan or cysteine was detected in the subunit from
      either strain. The highly active epsilon from both strains was found to be a
      globular protein with a Stokes' radius of 18--19 A. Circular dichroism spectra
      suggested an alpha-helix content of approximately 40%. The molecular weight of
      epsilon was approximately 15000--16000 by sedimentation equilibrium
      centrifugation in the presence and absence of guanidinium hydrochloride,
      molecular sieve chromatography, and gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate and 8 M urea. The s20,w of epsilon was approximately 1.6 s-1.
      Inhibition of the purified F1 ATPase by epsilon displayed noncompetitive kinetics
      with a Ki of approximately 10 nM. The inhibition of the ATPase was rapidly
      reversed by diluting the enzyme--epsilon mixture. [125I]epsilon which was
      incorporated into ECF1 was readily displaced by unlabeled epsilon. epsilon had no
      significant effect on the ATPase activity of "native" or reconstituted everted
      membrane vesicles under a variety of assay conditions. Combining the epsilon
      inhibited F1 ATPase with its hydrophobic portion in everted membrane vesicles
      reconstituted the reversible proton-translocating ATPase and restored nearly full
      ATPase activity. These results suggest that epsilon inhibits the enzyme only when
      the F1 ATPase becomes detached from its hydrophobic subunits.

PMID- 6444515
TI  - Interaction of [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with complex V (mitochondrial
      adenosine triphosphate synthetase complex).

PMID- 6444516
TI  - Effects of fibrinopeptide cleavage on the plasmic degradation pathways of human
      cross-linked fibrin.
AB  - The presence of fibrinopeptide B in human fibrin has a significant effect on
      plasmic degradation pathways of cross-linked clots. Two types of fibrin were
      obtained from fibrinogen by incubation either with thrombin, to remove both
      fibrinopeptides A and B, or with batroxobin, to cleave fibrinopepitde A only.
      Fibrins obtained after various incubation times were characterized by the
      determination of the NH2-terminal amino acids, the content of fibrinopeptides,
      and the extent of cross-linking. The fibrins were digested by plasmin and were
      analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence and concentration of
      the (DD)E complex, as well as fragments E1 and E2, in the digests were dependent
      upon the loss of fibrinopeptide B from cross-linked fibrin. These degradation
      products, and also fragment DD, appear to be useful molecular markers of
      fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6444517
TI  - Assignment of the functional loci in colicin E2 and E3 molecules by the
      characterization of their proteolytic fragments.

PMID- 6444518
TI  - Structural comparisons among the central complexes in the phosphoglucomutase
      system by means of spectral techniques.

PMID- 6444519
TI  - Fluorescence energey transfer in myosin subfragment-1.
AB  - Fluorescent probes have been selectively introduced into skeletal muscle myosin
      subfragment-1 and the fluorescence emission characteristics of the labeled
      products studied. The fluorophores employed were the thiol-specific reagents N
      [[(iodoacetyl)aminolethyl-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid and 5
      (iodoacetamido)fluorescein, the spectral properties of which render them a
      particularly effective donor-acceptor pair in Forster energy-transfer studies.
      Alkali 1 light chain, labeled at a single cysteine with either of these probes,
      was incorporated into chymotryptic subfragment-1 by the exchange procedure of
      Wagner & Weeds [Wagner, P.D., & Weeds, A.G. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 109, 455-473].
      The resultant, fluorescently labeled subfragment-1 was isolated by ion-exchange
      chromatography. Determination of the extent of incorporation by extinction and
      fluorescence indicated that greater than 80% of the subfragment-1 population
      possessed a fluorescently labeled alkali 1 light chain. The introduction of
      labeled alkali 1 did not perturb the K+-, Ca2+-, or actin-activated adenosine
      triphosphatases of subfragment-1. The addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
      liganded by various cations, to this singly labeled subfragment-1 induced a 6-10%
      decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the extrinsic chromophore. An intensity
      decrease of approximately 4% was obtained when the hydrolysis of ATP was
      complete, and also upon direct addition of adenosine diphosphate. The ATP
      analogue adenylyl imidodiphosphate induced a decrease of approximately 7% in
      intensity. The addition of F-actin to the subfragment-1 in the presence of MgATP
      elicited no further fluorescence intensity change. A second, appropriate
      fluorophore was introduced into the singly labeled subfragment-1 at the SH1 thiol
      on the heavy chain. Forster energy transfer was observed between this labeled
      site and the fluorophore previously introduced on the alkali 1 light chain. The
      measured efficiency of energy transfer indicated that the two fluorophores were
      approximately 40 A apart. The same value was obtained upon reversal of the donor
      and acceptor attachment sites, suggesting that the uncertainty in the calculated
      distance introduced by the choice of orientation factor is probably less than
      20%. Steady-state observations did not reveal any obvious change in this distance
      upon the addition of MgATP and then F-actin to the doubly labeled subfragment-1.

PMID- 6444520
TI  - AMP photophosphorylation and binding by chloroplasts.
AB  - Stoichiometric amounts of chloroplast thylakoids photophosphorylate free AMP to
      tightly bound ADP. Free ADP is a poor competitor for this AMP photoreaction,
      which saturates below 16 micronAMP. The inhibitor, diadenosine pentaphosphate,
      abolishes AMP photophosphorylation, and inhibits dark ADP binding. Taken
      together, these data imply that this photoreaction involves the high affinity
      nucleotide binding site(s) of chloroplast coupling factor CF1, and that little
      mixing with free nucleotides occurs.

PMID- 6444521
TI  - Coordination of magnesium with adenosine 5'-diphosphate and triphosphate.

PMID- 6444522
TI  - Electrical response of beef-heart submitochondrial particles bound to
      phospholipid-impregnated millipore filters during ATP hydrolysis.
AB  - 1. Beef heart submitochondrial particles bound to asolectin impregnated Millipore
      filter, according to the method described earlier (Drachev et al. (1974) Nature
      249, 321--324), are able to generate, upon addition of ATP, an electrical
      potential which can be directly measured. 2. The transmembrane electrical
      potential generated by ATP hydrolysis reaches values up to 80 mV. The half-time
      required to attain the plateau of potential is paradoxically long (5 to 10 min at
      room temperature) and is temperature-dependent. Among different phospholipid
      species which have been used to impregnate the Millipore filter,
      phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most effective for generation of
      electrical potential. 3. The potential generated by ATP hydrolysis is inhibited
      by inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase, by the uncoupler FCCP and by reagents
      collapsing the membrane potential. 4. Addition of inhibitors of mitochondrial
      ATPase, when the plateau of potential is attained, results in a decay of
      potential. This decay of potential is as slow as the generation of potential
      induced by ATP hydrolysis. 5. The initial rise in electrical potential is
      proportional to the ATPase activity.

PMID- 6444523
TI  - Binding of ADP to beef-heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1).
AB  - 1. ADP binding to beef-heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1), in the absence of Mg2+,
      has been determined by separating the free ligand by ultrafiltration and
      determining it in the filtrate by a specially modified isotachophoretic
      procedure. 2. Since during the binding experiments the 'tightly' bound ADP (but
      not the ATP) dissociates, it is necessary to take this into account in
      calculating the binding parameters. 3. The binding data show that only one tight
      binding site (Kd about 0.5 microM) for ADP is present. 4. It is not possible to
      calculate from the binding data alone the number of or the dissociation constants
      for the weak binding sites. It can be concluded, however, that the latter is not
      less than about 50 microM.

PMID- 6444524
TI  - The pre-steady state and steady-state kinetics of the ATPase activity of
      mitochondrial F1.
AB  - 1. The lag time before maximum velocity of ATP hydrolysis is reached upon mixing
      ATP with F1 is much greater than can be explained by a simple Michaelis-Menten
      mechanism, and must be due to an activation reaction. The lag time is dependent
      on the concentration of MgATP (half-maximal at 30 microM) and is equal to 30 ms
      at infinite MgATP concentration. The initial rate of hydrolysis by nucleotide
      depleted F1 is much greater than with normal F1. It is tentatively suggested that
      the activation reaction with normal preparations is due to replacement of firmly
      bound ADP by MaATP. 2. After the initial time lag, the reaction follows very
      closely first-order kinetics provided that the concentration of MgATP is much
      less than the Km and the reaction is completed within 2 s. This is not expected
      if the dissociation constant of the enzyme-MgADP complex, an intermediate in the
      enzymic reaction, is much lower than the Km as has been reported in the
      literature. The value of V/Km, calculated from the exponential decay, is very
      close to that calculated from independent measurements of V and Km. 3. The low
      values for Ki(ADP) reported in the literature were found to be due to a slow (in
      the order of seconds) formation of an inhibited MgADP-enzyme complex. Dissipation
      of this inhibited complex by ATP requires seconds. The dissociation constant of
      the MgADP-enzyme complex that is an intermediate in the enzyme reaction was found
      to be 150 microM. 4. ADP but not ATP becomes firmly bound to nucleotide-depleted
      F1 in the absence of Mg2+.

PMID- 6444525
TI  - The biogenesis of rat-liver mitochondrial ATPase. Evidence that the N, N'
      dicyclohexyl carbodiimide-binding protein is synthesized outside the
      mitochondria.
AB  - 1. Radioactive N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD) is bound as effectively to
      the N, N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide- and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex in
      submitochondrial particles of normal rat liver as to the similar but partially
      N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide- and oligomycin-insensitive complex of
      thiamphenicol-treated rats. The latter complex is deficient in 3 subunits
      (subunit 6, 7 and 10). 2. Radioactive N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide is
      exclusively bound to the subunits present in the bands 8 and 11 of SDS-PAA gels
      of the purified ATPase complex. These subunits, most likely the dimer and monomer
      of the N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide-binding protein, are products of the
      cytoplasmic protein synthesis. 3. The results together indicate that the N,N'
      dicyclohexyl carbodiimide-insensitivity of the ATPase complex formed during in
      vitro inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis, is not caused by a lack of
      inhibitor binding protein. The same holds for the oligomycin-insensitivity.

PMID- 6444526
TI  - Expression of prokaryotic genes inserted into ColE1 and pVH51 plasmids.
AB  - One of the DNA fragments obtained from EcoRI digests of guaA-transducing lambda
      phage DNA contains the intact bacterial guaA gene at its one end and the lambda
      phage R gene at the other end. This DNA fragment, named coslambda-guaA, does not
      contain promoter-operator regions of the gua operon and of the lambda phage R
      gene, coslambda-guaA DNA fragments were inserted in two different orientations
      into respective DNAs of EcoRI-cleaved ColE1 and pVH151 (= mini ColE1). Mitomycin
      C stimulated the guaA enzyme production in the cells harboring the hybrid
      plasmids with one coslambda-guaA DNA fragment insertion orientation (orientation
      I), but not the other (orientation II). The lambda-endolysin, product of the
      lambda phage R gene, was induced by mitomycin C treatment in orientation II, but
      it was not detected in orientation I. These results suggest that both ColE1 and
      pVH51 DNAs contain the mitomycin C-responsive promoter which allows transcription
      of the genes connected with these DNAs.

PMID- 6444527
TI  - Nicotinamide-induced hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in rats.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (100 mg/kg body wt.), an
      endogenous non-toxic metabolite, to male rats was shown to significantly induce
      all the components of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system such
      as NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 as well as
      activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase,
      aminopyrine demethylase and UDPglucuronosyltransferase. Tryptophan (1000 mg/kg
      body wt.) and nicotinic acid (200 mg/kg body wt.) as well as methionine (20 mg/kg
      body wt.) were also shown to be effective inducers in terms of hepatic NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase activity. The nicotinamide-induced mixed function oxidase
      system was shown to be associated with an increased incorporation of 14C-labelled
      leucine into hepatic microsomal proteins which was inhibited by puromycin.
      Nicotinamide was shown to induce a distinct pattern of drug-metabolizing system
      in comparison with that of phenobarbital.

PMID- 6444528
TI  - Analysis of high-resolution melting (thermal dispersion) of DNA. Methods.

PMID- 6444529
TI  - The inhibition of high and low molecular weight urokinase in plasma.
AB  - The rates of inhibition of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight
      (LMW) urokinase (UK) incubated in plasma or with purified antithrombin III (AT
      III) were compared. Using a fibrinolytic assay system to determine residual
      biologic activity, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to demonstrate the
      formation of complexes, and selective immunoprecipitation techniques to identify
      the plasma inhibitors participating in the neutralization process, it was
      established that: (A) HMW-UK is inhibited more rapidly than LMW-UK, both in
      plasma and with purified AT-III; (B) heparin (3--10 U/ml accelerates the
      neutralization process in both systems, but only slightly; and (C) in plasma,
      several inhibitors, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and antithrombin
      III, neutralize the activity of HMW-UK and LMW-UK.

PMID- 6444530
TI  - Neoplastic human T-cells capable of responding to multiple human alloantigens.
AB  - Monoclonally-derived neoplastic T-cells from a patient with cutaneous T-cell
      lymphoma respond to multiple human HLA-D antigens in mixed lymphocyte culture.
      The implications of this phenomenon relevant to normal T-cell function and to
      malignancy are discussed.

PMID- 6444531
TI  - Quantification of contact system activation using a radiometric assay for
      activated factor IX.

PMID- 6444532
TI  - The molecular mechanism of the inherited phosphofructokinase deficiency
      associated with hemolysis and myopathy.
AB  - Normal human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (ATP: D-fructose-6, P-1
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11; PFK) has recently been shown to consist of a
      heterogeneous mixture of five tetrameric isozymes: M4, M3L, M2L2, ML3, and L4 (M,
      muscle type; L, liver type). In the light of these findings, we have investigated
      the molecular basis of the inherited erythrocyte PFK deficiency associated with
      myopathy and hemolysis (Tarui disease). The propositus, a 31-yr-old male,
      suffered from muscle weakness and myoglobinuria on exertion. He showed mild
      erythrocytosis despite laboratory evidence of hemolysis. In his erythrocytes a
      metabolic crossover point was found at the level of PFK; 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      (2,3-DPG) was also significantly reduced. The PFK from the patient's erythrocytes
      consisted exclusively of the L4 isozyme, and there was a complete absence of the
      other four. The leukocyte and platelet PFKs from the patient showed normal
      activities, chromatographic profiles, and precipitation with anti-M4 antibody.
      These studies provide direct evidence that in Tarui disease the M-type subunits
      are absent; but the liver- and platelet-type subunits of PFK are unaffected. The
      paradox of mild erythrocytosis despite hemolysis reflects the decreased
      production of 2,3-DPG.

PMID- 6444533
TI  - Investigation of the blastogenic and cytotoxic capabilities of human bone marrow:
      differences between aspirate and rib marrow.

PMID- 6444534
TI  - Transient leukemoid reaction and trisomy 21 mosaicism in a phenotypically normal
      newborn.
AB  - Transient leukemoid reactions that resemble acute leukemia have been well
      described for infants with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). We report a phenotypically
      normal 3-day-old boy with hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis, and circulating
      myeloblasts. On chromosome analysis, trisomy 21 was found in all blood and bone
      marrow cells. However, only 4% of cultured skin fibroblasts were trisomic and the
      other 96% were normal, thus indicating mosaicism. Without treatment, the
      leukocyte count gradually returned to normal and the organomegaly diminished.
      Subsequently, chromosome analysis of blood and bone marrow disclosed a
      predominance of cells with a normal karyotype. These findings suggest that
      mosaicism could be responsible for the transient leukemoid reactions in some
      newborns--i.e., the trisomic cells may temporarily gain a proliferative advantage
      over the normal cells, perhaps by inhibiting their growth. Serial cytogenetic
      studies, as well as chromosome analysis of more than one tissue, may help to
      distinguish transient leukemoid reactions from acute leukemia in infants.

PMID- 6444535
TI  - A unique surface marker profile in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - A 5-yr-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia presented with moderate
      hepatomegaly, marked splenomegaly, but no evidence of a mediastinal mass. The
      peripheral blood white count was 270 x 10(9)/liter with 99% leukemic cells.
      Surface marker analysis showed the lymphoblasts to be E-rosette negative and
      complement receptor positive. The patient's leukemic cells were unreactive with
      anti-p23,30, which detects Ia-like antigens, and strongly reactive with A99 anti
      T-cell serum, which reacts with normal human thymocytes and peripheral blood T
      cells. The percentage of leukemic cells bearing complement receptors diminished
      during relapse. The leukemic cells obtained at diagnosis and during relapse were
      nonreactive to mitogens and alloantigens and failed to stimulate proliferation of
      normal lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture. There was no evidence for active
      suppression of normal lymphocyte reactivity mediated by the leukemic cells. The
      surface marker and functional profile of these leukemic cells is consistent with
      that of an early stage in T-cell maturation.

PMID- 6444536
TI  - Perioral dermatitis.

PMID- 6444538
TI  - Snail-eating mummy?

PMID- 6444537
TI  - Surgery in outpatients.

PMID- 6444539
TI  - Long-term outcome after severe head injury.

PMID- 6444540
TI  - The flight from science.

PMID- 6444541
TI  - Identifications of the intrafusal endings of skeletofusimotor axons in the cat.
AB  - Direct identification of the endings of skeletofusimotor (beta) axons has been
      made in muscle spindles deprived for their gamma innervation by degeneration.
      Hindlimb muscles were prepared in which 1--5 fast-conducting motor axons were
      left intact while the rest of the motor supply was cut and allowed to degenerate
      for a period of 7 days. In 3 experiments a single beta axons survived supplying
      tenuissimus, and in 2 experiments beta axons were among 4 or 5 surviving axons
      that supplied superficial lumbrical and abductor digiti quinti medius muscles.
      Motor endings identified as p1 plates were found in teased, silver preparations
      of all experimental muscles, a total of 35 such plates being located in 15
      spindles. The plates were all supplied to bag1 fibres. The experiments show that
      if a spindle innervated by a beta axon is deprived of its gamma supply by
      degeneration the motor endings that remain intact are p1 plates.

PMID- 6444542
TI  - Suppressor cells in healthy relatives of patients with hereditary colon cancer.
AB  - Patients with sporadic or hereditary colon cancer (cancer family syndrome)
      demonstrate in vitro defects of cellular immunity characterized by decreased
      lymphocyte responsiveness in mixed leukocyte culture, which can frequently be
      attributed to the influence of suppressor macrophages. Healthy relatives of
      affected patients with hereditary colon cancer can show the same defects of
      cellular immunity. Affected members with polyposis coli or healthy relatives do
      not show these defects, whereas individuals with Gardner's syndrome can. These
      defects of cellular immunity may be an important etiologic component of, or
      marker for, the cancer family syndrome. These defects could also serve to
      differentiate the colonic polyposis syndromes.

PMID- 6444543
TI  - On the mechanism of cytotoxicity of fluorinated pyrimidines in four human colon
      adenocarcinoma xenografts maintained in immune-deprived mice.
AB  - Three fluorinated pyrimidines, 5-fluorouracil (FUra), 5-fluorouridine (FUrd), and
      5-fluoro-2'-dexoyuridine (FdUrd), have been studied in four human colonic tumor
      xenograft lines. The preliminary findings may be summarized as follows: 1) after
      equimolar dosages, the agent reaching the highest concentration in the tumor
      produced the highest level of fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP); 2) within a tumor
      line, the order of response to the three agents is related to the order of FdUMP
      generation; 3) the tumor-response did not correspond to the level of analogue
      incorporation into RNA; 4) the measurement of levels of free FdUMP in tumors is a
      poor prognostic indicator of drug-response; and 5) the levels of FdUMP in the
      tumors are maintained for considerable periods and appear to be dependent upon
      the maintenance of the levels of either FUra or FUrd, irrespective of the parent
      agent administered.

PMID- 6444544
TI  - How the lambda repressor and cro work.

PMID- 6444545
TI  - Dimeric intermediates of recombination in phage lambda.
AB  - Biparental lambda phage DNA dimers formed by the Rec recombination system of E.
      coli were isolated in the absence of DNA replication and phage maturation. The
      RecA but not the RecB gene is required for dimer formation. Dimers are primarily
      circular but can also be branched circular or linear. In circular dimers the
      crossover points are distributed uniformly along the chromosome, even in the
      presence of the RecB-dependent Chi recombinational hotspots. Thus in the absence
      of DNA synthesis and maturation, the Rec system can act reciprocally both in the
      presence and absence of the RecB gene; this lack of RecB participation accounts
      for the observed lack of Chi activity.

PMID- 6444546
TI  - Helper factors derived from autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 6444547
TI  - Augmentation of proliferation and generation of specific cytotoxic cells in human
      mixed lymphocyte culture reactions by colchicine.

PMID- 6444548
TI  - Measles virus inhibits acquisition of lymphocyte functions but not established
      effector functions.

PMID- 6444549
TI  - Human T lymphocytes become glucocorticoid-sensitive upon immune activation.

PMID- 6444550
TI  - [Role of serotonin in the diffuse inhibitory controls induced by nociceptive
      stimulation].
AB  - In the anaesthetized Rat, the entire population of dorsal horn convergent
      neurones is differentially affected by a noxious stimulus: while exciting the
      segmental pool, it strongly inhibits the remaining population. The inhibitory
      effects, which involve supraspinal mechanisms, are reduced to a great extent in
      parachlorophenylalanine pretreated animals. The role of raphe-spinal serotonergic
      pathways in nociception is discussed.

PMID- 6444551
TI  - [Demonstration of glucosyltransferases in the outer membrane of mitochondria].
AB  - Outer mitochondrial membranes catalyze the transfer of glucose into polyprenic,
      lipidic and proteinic endogenous acceptors. A glucosyl-phosphoryl-dolichol and a
      glucosyl-ceramide are identified and biosynthesis of these two products is
      studied.

PMID- 6444552
TI  - Measuring the effects of stress on the mothers of handicapped infants: must
      depression always follow?
AB  - As one aspect of the evaluation of an early intervention project with families of
      handicapped children, 25 mothers of severely handicapped infants were asked
      individually, as part of an in-depth interview, to complete the Malaise Inventory
      (Rutter et al. 1970) soon after the commencement of home-based therapy. They were
      also asked to complete the Inventory with regard to their feelings prior to home
      visiting, and the 20 mothers with surviving children were asked to complete it
      again after a 2 year period during which regular weekly visits and been
      maintained. A comparison group of 12 mothers with handicapped children of the
      same age, living in another part of the same county, who had not received home
      visiting, were also interviewed under similar conditions. A general decrease in
      the level of depression reported was found both during and at the end of the 2
      year period. The complex nature of the relationship between the birth of a
      handicapped child and maternal depression is discussed and some implications
      drawn from the present study. The strengths and weaknesses of the Malaise
      Inventory for use within this context are also discussed.

PMID- 6444553
TI  - The meaning of handicap in children.
AB  - An examination is made of factors that contribute to handicap in children with
      impairments. Handicap is seen to be caused by a complex coalescence of factors
      which can be divided into three groups associated directly and indirectly with
      the presenting disability. It is argued that, for there to be a reduction in the
      level of handicap experienced by the impaired child, then consideration must be
      given to intervention in all aspects of the contributing factors and not just in
      the treatment of the impairment itself.

PMID- 6444554
TI  - Morphometric study of early postnatal development in the left and right
      ventricular myocardium of the rat. I. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and binucleation
      of myocytes.

PMID- 6444555
TI  - Morphometric study of early postnatal development in the left and right
      ventricular myocardium of the rat. II. Tissue composition, capillary growth, and
      sarcoplasmic alterations.

PMID- 6444556
TI  - Electrophoretic profiles of nonhistone nuclear proteins of human hearts with
      muscular subaortic stenosis.
AB  - Muscular subaortic stenosis (MSS) is a genetically determined cardiomyopathy,
      whereas right ventricular infundibular hypertrophy (IH) apparently is an acquired
      condition. Since genetic expression in eukaryotic cells may be regulated
      primarily by DNA-associated proteins, we isolated and characterized the proteins
      of heart nuclei from nine patients with MSS, eight with IH, and two with normal
      (N) hearts. More than 150 proteins could be identified by two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins in the entire region from pH 7.0 to
      9.0 with molecular weights (Mr) ranging from 35,000 to 41,000 and a protein
      focusing from pH 5.2 to 5.3 with Mr of 55,000 were strikingly reduced in MSS.
      Again the electrophoretic patterns of N and IH were similar. The electrophoretic
      patterns of nonhistone nuclear protein (NHNP) in MSS relative to N showed a
      striking resemblance to those demonstrated previously for the early stage
      (myolytic phase) of hamster cardiomyopathy relative to the matched control. Since
      NHNP interacting with DNA appears to play a major role in genetic expression, it
      is possible that some of the manifestations of MSS could be due to different
      components of NHNP in the affected hearts.

PMID- 6444557
TI  - Time course of changes in the mechanical properties of the canine right and left
      ventricles during hypertrophy caused by pressure overload.
AB  - We developed a mathematical model of the right and left ventricles to determine
      whether there is a change in the mechanical properties of muscle during the
      hypertrophy process resulting from pulmonary arterial banding. Pressure-volume
      data were obtained from 10 normal dog hearts and 8 dog hearts in which the
      pulmonary artery was banded for periods of 2--40 weeks. These data were applied
      to the model, and the time course of wall stress and muscle stiffness was
      quantified for both ventricles. The results demonstrate that (1) myocardial
      stiffness is increased in pressure-overload hypertrophy (2) normal right and left
      ventricular muscle exhibits similar mechanical properties and (3) the
      relationships between wall stresses and the volume/mass ratios to the period of
      banding are biphasic. We concluded that (1) increase in muscle stiffness is due
      to several factors. In the early stages of hypertrophy, it may be predominantly
      due to fibrosis and, in the later stages, to substantial increases in muscle
      mass. (2) The progressive increase in muscle stiffness concomitant with the
      increase in muscle mass may be due to the presence of myocardial cellular
      projections and fibrosis. (3) The appropriate timing for surgical/medical
      intervention should take place before low volume:mass ratios and, hence, low wall
      stresses are attained.

PMID- 6444558
TI  - Epicardial activation in patients with left bundle branch block.

PMID- 6444559
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of long-term effects of exercise on left ventricular
      hypertrophy and function in professional bicyclists.
AB  - Echocardiographic examinations were performed in 60 professional bicyclists and
      control subjects to determine the effects of exercise on left ventricular
      hypertrophy and function. The athletes were separated by age into three groups:
      group 1 (n = 14), 20-29 years; group 2 (n = 17), 30-39 years; and group 3 (n =
      29), 40-49 years. Echocardiograms showed enlargment of the left ventricular end
      diastolic dimensions in all three groups compared with age-matched control groups
      (p less than 0.001). Thickness of the interventricular septum and the left
      ventricular posterior wall was more prominent in group 3 of the athletes than
      groups 1 and 2 of the athletes and control group (p less than 0.001). Resting
      left ventricular function evaluated with fractional shortening, ejection fraction
      and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was significantly depressed
      in group 3 compared with the other groups. Moreover, 14% of group 3 subjects
      showed enlargement of left atrial dimension and T-wave inversion in the left
      precordial leads of the ECG. We conclude that left ventricular hypertrophy is an
      important ventricular adaptation in relatively young athletes. However, middle
      aged athletes may be more susceptible to electrocardiographic abnormalities and
      prominent hypertrophy, and some may have slightly depressed left ventricular
      function.

PMID- 6444560
TI  - Range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis of supracardiac total
      anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
AB  - Three patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) into the
      innominate vein were studied by using M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
      An abnormal continuous flow towards the transducer in a suprasternal notch
      position detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the left hemithorax
      leftward of the aortic echo is a sign of blood flow through the left vertical
      vein into the innominate vein. This finding is highly specific for TAPVD. High
      velocity flow across the tricuspid valve, disturbed flow in the right pulmonary
      artery and abnormal flow in the left atrium are additional important pulsed
      Doppler echocardiographic findings in TAPVD. Right ventricular enlargement and
      paradoxical interventricular septal motion by M-mode echocardiography were not
      specific enough to distinguish TAPVD from other right ventricular volume overload
      lesions. An echo-free space posterior to the left atrium was not recorded.

PMID- 6444561
TI  - Suppression of immunoglobulin production in normal human B lymphocytes by two T
      cell subsets distinguished following in vitro treatment with adenosine.

PMID- 6444562
TI  - LeVeen shunt patency studies: clarification of scinigraphic findings.
AB  - In an experimental model we have demonstrated that visualization of the target
      organ is the only dependable criterion for the scintigraphic evaluation of LeVeen
      shunt patency or nonpatency. The lungs are best suited as the target, because the
      presence or absence of pulmonary uptake can be easily seen without interference
      from radiolabeled peritoneal fluid. Proof of shunt patency should not rely upon
      direct visualization of shunt tubing, because very high or low flow rates are
      both associated with poor visualization. Maximum accumulation of activity in the
      shunt tubing occurs with intermediate flow rates (approximately 60 cc/hr).

PMID- 6444563
TI  - Work--the current state of play.

PMID- 6444564
TI  - The effect of serum on monolayer cell culture of mammalian articular
      chondrocytes.
AB  - Large variations were found in the ability of six species of sera to support
      growth of rabbit, human and dog articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. In
      most instances the DNA content of the cell pellets increased directly as the
      serum concentration rose from 10 to 30%. Indications of inhibitory as well as
      growth-promoting actions were found in some sera. Stimulation of rabbit
      chondrocyte proliferation by increasing concentrations of serum was accompanied
      by a reduction of radiosulfate incorporation and cell protein content. There was
      no consistent relation between the response of chondrocytes from a given species
      and its homologous serum. However, the growth of human chondrocytes was greatly
      potentiated by human serum provided that interference with initial attachment of
      the cells to the culture flask by homologous serum was overcome by priming with
      fetal calf serum.

PMID- 6444565
TI  - Distribution of macromolecular components in calf dermal connective tissue.
AB  - Distribution of type I and type III collagens, glycosaminoglycans and non
      collagenous glycoprotein(s) in calf skin has been investigated in five
      horizontally sliced layers of 250 microns thickness from the surface to the
      bottom. The upper dermis (the top three layers) consisting of fine collagen
      fibers had a higher ratio of hyaluronic acid/dermatan sulfate than the lower
      layers where coarse collagen fibers are mainly located. The ratios of total
      glycosaminoglycans/collagen and glycoprotein(s) collagen were higher in the upper
      dermis, while dermatan sulfate/collagen remained constant throughout the dermis.
      Relative content of type III collagen/total collagen (type I + III collagens) was
      also higher in the upper dermis. Possible involvement of these macromolecular
      constituents in collagen fibrillogenesis in vivo is also discussed.

PMID- 6444566
TI  - Degradation of fetal rat cartilage in organ culture: effect of Streptomyces
      hyaluronidase.
AB  - Degradation of cartilage matrix was studied by characterizing the size and amount
      of products released from cultures of fetal rat long bones into the medium.
      Na32SO4 was administered to pregnant rats and the fetal radii and ulnae were
      explanted 24 hours later and cultured in chemically defined medium. Under these
      conditions, 35S-activity is released from the cartilagenous ends of the explants
      into the culture medium gradually over 72 hours. The 35S-labeled molecules in the
      medium were smaller than proteoglycan monomers and larger than papain-released
      products when chromatographed on Sepharose 2B. The amount of 35S-activity
      released into the medium decreased when heat-inactivated rat serum or plasma or
      heparin was added to the medium. Adding proteases or hyaluronidases or freeze
      thawing the tissue enhanced release of 35S-activity. Streptomyces hyaluronidase
      was chromatographed on CM-cellulose and Ultrogel to remove protease activity. The
      protease-free enzyme released 35S-labeled molecules, similar in size to
      proteoglycan monomers, from cartilage which was heated before culturing to
      inactivate endogenous enzymes. These results indicate that hyaluronidase can
      degrade matrix by releasing proteoglycan monomers. Other treatments released
      smaller 35S-labeled molecules. These findings indicate that endogenous enzymes
      degrade matrix proteoglycans into smaller units.

PMID- 6444567
TI  - Quantitation of collagen - proteoglycan interaction in tissue sections.
AB  - Since the dye Sirius Red reacts with the basic groups of collagen, and it is
      possible to hydrolyze the proteoglycans bound to collagen by enzymatic digestion,
      a method was developed to quantitate the collagen-proteoglycan interaction in
      tissue sections. The method consists of measuring, with a spectrophotometer, the
      amount of dye bound to control and papain-digested tissue sections. The
      difference observed between the results obtained in control and digested sections
      is considered to be due to the unmasking of basic groups of collagen originally
      bound to proteoglycans. The initial results show a variability of this
      interaction in different tissues. They also suggest a reduction of collagen
      proteoglycan interaction in atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 6444568
TI  - Isolation and biological properties of a rabbit antibody to porcine pancreatic
      elastase and its use as ligand for elastase purification.
AB  - By affinity chromatography on porcine pancreatic elastase bound to Sepharose an
      anti-elastase antibody was isolated from the serum of rabbits who had been
      injected with porcine pancreatic elastase and fed a light cholesterol diet. The
      protein (molecular weight 150,000 daltons) was recovered with both a high degree
      of purity and intact biological properties. It specifically inhibited elastolysis
      by a mechanism distinct from that known elastase inhibition by alpha 1
      antiprotease and alpha 2 macroglobulin. Results of this study indicate that
      inhibition is due to an IgG antibody to the porcine elastase. The antigen
      antibody reaction appears to involve the active site of elastase. The isolated
      IgG in turn binds to activated Sepharose and the resulting immunoadsorbent system
      allows purification of pancreatic elastase by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6444569
TI  - Water-related dermatoses. Part I.

PMID- 6444570
TI  - Gram-negative acne.
AB  - Gram-negative acne is an unusual, distinctive disease that is probably increasing
      in frequency. It seems directly related to long-term therapy with multiple
      antibiotics and in one of our cases with the misue of topical corticosteroids.
      Cultures should be taken from the obvious as well as the not so obvious sites-
      nares, ear canals, and perineum--with special technique to maximize growth of
      gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Our patients had a good response to
      appropriate systemic antibiotic and topical therapy.

PMID- 6444571
TI  - Topical antibiotic therapy of acne: laboratory investigation of vehicles, various
      antibiotics, and stability characteristics.
AB  - A new vehicle preparation has proved effective in enhancing the penetration of
      antibiotics. The vehicle seems to maintain stability of the incorporated
      antibiotic.

PMID- 6444572
TI  - Treatment of erythrokeratodermia variabilis with oral synthetic retinoids.
AB  - A thirty-one year old man and his ten year old daughter with the diagnosis of
      erythrokeratodermia variabilis, previously unresponsive to various topical agents
      and medication, were treated for seven weeks with oral retinoic acids. The
      response had been very good, particularly in the father. This is consistent with
      previous results obtained by other investigators in dermatosis characterized by
      accelerated or pathological keratinization, and perhaps enhances the possibility
      that the synthetic retinoids will be the future therapy of choice in controlling
      these conditions.

PMID- 6444573
TI  - Comparison of gated radionuclide scans and chest radiographs. Assessment of left
      ventricular impairment in patients with coronary disease.
AB  - Diagnostic efficacy of gated cardiac blood pool imaging was studied in 41
      consecutive patients with LV ejection fractions (LVEF) less than or equal to
      0.50. Eighty percent of patients were receiving therapy for LV failure at the
      time of the study. All patients had documented coronary-artery disease (CAD).
      Chest x-ray films were interpreted blindly by a senior radiologist.
      Cardiothoracic ratio of less than or equal to 0.50 was recorded as normal.
      Radionuclide assessment of LV function contributes importantly to the diagnostic
      and screening value of chest x-ray films. Patients with coronary disease and
      clinical evidence of heart failure should have radioisotopic studies even if
      chest x-ray film findings are normal. In patients with coronary artery disease
      and enlarged LV on chest films, radionuclide study of left ventricular
      performance aids in defining LV impairment, and in the prognostication of
      subsequent clinical course.

PMID- 6444574
TI  - A family life cycle plan for delivering services to the developmentally
      handicapped.
AB  - A treatment model for the developmentally handicapped child does more than meet
      crisis situations.

PMID- 6444575
TI  - Grwoth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol in dogs developing mammary nodules and an
      acromegaly-like appearance during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

PMID- 6444576
TI  - Diurnal variations in maternal and fetal steroids in pregnant rhesus monkeys.
AB  - To examine diurnal changes in maternal and fetal steroids in chronically
      catheterized pregnant rhesus monkeys, we have measured cortisol (F), progesterone
      (P4), estone, and estradiol in maternal blood and F, P4, and
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) in simultaneous samples of fetal blood
      taken in the morning (0700--1000 h) and in the evening (1700--2100 h). In the
      mother, the concentrations of F, estradiol, and estrone were higher in the
      morning than in the evening. In contrast, progesterone was higher in evening than
      in morning samples. In fetal blood, there was no significant morning-evening
      difference for F; however, the concentrations of P4 and DHAS were higher in the
      evening than in the morning samples. In three individual monkeys, the
      concentrations of P4 and DHAS in serial samples of fetal blood were correlated.
      We conclude 1) that there are marked diurnal changes in the concentration of
      several steroids in samples of maternal and fetal blood and 2) that the
      concentration of F in maternal blood shows the opposite pattern to that of
      possible fetal adrenal steroids in fetal blood.

PMID- 6444577
TI  - Fragmentation of crystalline beta-haemocyanin of Helix pomatia with plasmin and
      trypsin. Location of the fragments in the polypeptide chain.
AB  - The action of plasmin on tenth molecules of beta C-haemocyanin of Helix pomatia
      at pH 8.2 yielded first a three-domain fragment P3 and a five-domain fragment P1
      (present as a dimer at pH 8.2). Fragment P1 was further split by plasmin into a
      four-domain fragment P2 and a one-domain fragment P4 (also present as a dimer at
      pH 8.2). Trypsinolysis of P2 yielded T2 and fragment X, which was further split
      into T1C and T3. Fragments P3 and P4 corresponded respectively to the tryptic
      fragments T1A and T1B, also by their circular dichroic spectra. The determination
      of the N-terminal groups and the order of splitting allowed the location of the
      fragments in the polypeptide chain: P3 (a--c), P2 (d--g), P4 (h); T1A (a--c), T3
      (d), T1C (e--f), T2 (g), T1B (h).

PMID- 6444578
TI  - Assembly of mitochondria in yeast. Complementation of mitochondrial and cytosolic
      products in a temporal sequence in vitro.
AB  - 1. Sequential transfer of derepressing yeast spheroplasts from a medium
      containing chloramphenicol to one containing cycloheximide or vice versa, shows
      that the cytosolically and mitochondrially synthesized products are synthesized
      independent of each other and accumulate in the absence of their counterparts. 2.
      This has been demonstrated by immunoprecipitation using specific antisera for
      cytochrome oxidase and ATPase enzymes. 3. The independently accumulated products
      have been shown to complement each other for the expression of enzyme activity,
      upon mixing in vitro. 4. By varying the time of treatment with cycloheximide,
      thereby allowing the mitochondrial protein synthesis to proceed to different
      extent, a time sequence in the appearance of the mitochondrially synthesized
      products is demonstrated.

PMID- 6444579
TI  - Uptake and energy-dependent extrusion of calcium in neural cells in culture.
AB  - The metabolism of Ca2+ was studied in a neuronal model system, the clonal mouse
      neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid cell line 108CC5. 1. Homogenates of the hybrid
      cells exhibit a specific activity of Ca2+-ATPase considerably higher than that of
      homogenates of the parental cells. 2. Uptake and release of 45Ca2+ by the hybrid
      cells display two and three distinct phases, respectively, and indicate that 40-
      50% of the cell-associated Ca2+ is located at the cell surface. 3. The influx of
      45Ca2+ is insignificantly affected by Mg2+ or Na+, slightly diminished by Ba2+ or
      Sr2+, strongly inhibited by La3+, Co2+ or prenylamine, and considerably enhanced
      by high (i.e., depolarizing) concentrations of K+. The efflux of 45Ca2+ is
      reduced by La3+. 4. The hybrid cells tend to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis with an
      overall cellular Ca2+ concentration of 0.5--0.7 mM. At 1.8 mM Ca2+ in the medium
      this implies the necessity of an extrusion pump in the plasma membrane. 5. A
      reduction in the hybrid cells of the level of ATP is paralleled by a decline in
      the content of Ca2+. This can only be explained by the existence of energy
      dependent intracellular Ca2+ stores that effectively compete for Ca2+ with a Ca2+
      pump located in the plasma membrane. The internal stores are not identical with
      the mitochondria because mitochondrial inhibitors hardly change Ca2+ metabolism.
      6. Micromolar concentrations of the ionophore A23187 can switch off the internal
      Ca2+ stores without affecting considerably the influx of Ca2+ through the plasma
      membrane. 7. With switched-off Ca2+ stores it is possible to increase the
      cellular Ca2+ content distinctly and to bring it back again to the control values
      in an ATP-dependent manner, i.e. to demonstrate the action of a Ca2+-extrusion
      pump in the plasma membrane. 8. Under some conditions active extrusion of Ca2+
      depends not only on ATP but also on the presence of extracellular Na+. 9. Similar
      results as with hybrid cells are also obtained with rat glioma cells. The
      methodology of combining energy deprivation with the application of the ionophore
      A23187 is possibly generally applicable to obtain insight into the Ca2+
      metabolism of various cell types.

PMID- 6444580
TI  - [Biochemical demonstration of HCO3--und Cl--dependent ATPase activities in the
      rectum of larval dragonflies and inhibition of rectal chloride uptake by
      thiocyanate (author's transl)].
AB  - Hydrogencarbonate and chloride activated, ouabain-insensitive ATPase activities
      are demonstrated in the salt-absorbing rectum of larval dragonflies. Maximal
      activation is achieved at approx. 30 mM HCO3- and 20 mM Cl-, respectively. The
      stimulation of each anion obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics Km values are 4.65 mM
      for HCO3-- and 10.25 mM for Cl--activation. The activating anion of one type of
      ATPase simultaneously exerts an inhibitory effect on the other. Cl--activation is
      also reduced by Mg.ATP in concentrations above 0.5 mM and by Tris-Hepes buffer
      exceeding 2.5 mM. Both anion-dependent ATPase activities are found enriched in
      subcellular membraneous fractions of the rectum. Thiocyanate inhibits both
      activities and causes a significant decrease in rectal uptake of radioactive
      chloride from hypo-osmotic external solution. In the case of HCO3- dependent
      ATPase a competitive inhibition as SCN- was found with an inhibitor constant of
      Ki=0.5 mM.

PMID- 6444581
TI  - Tumoral myosins of Ni3S2-induced rhabdomyosarcomas in rat and rabbit: comparative
      studies with adult and fetal myosins of skeletal muscle.
AB  - Tumoral myosins were isolated from rat and rabbit rhabdomyosarcomas and compared
      with normal adult and fetal skeletal myosins. The synthetic filaments, the light
      chain composition and the Ca2+ ATP-ase activity were studied. In the presence of
      Mg2+, normal myosins precipitated as bipolar filaments (0.5 micrometer), fetal
      and tumoral myosins, however, precipitated as long fusiform filaments (1 to 10
      micron). SDS-PAGE revealed that tumoral myosins contain the same light-chains as
      fetal myosin (25000 and 18000 daltons, L25-L18). The third light-chain of the
      normal muscle myosin (16000 daltons, L16) was absent. In addition, Urea-PAGE
      revealed the absence of the phosphorylated form of the L18 in fetal and tumoral
      myosins. Ca2+ ATPase activity measurements performed in function of the Ca2+
      concentration showed similarities between fetal and adult muscle myosins. The
      Ca2+-ATPase activity of tumoral myosins, however, was very low and slightly
      activated by increasing the Ca2+ concentration (0.01 to 10 mM). The investigation
      has shown that fetal and tumoral myosins are identical concerning the
      ultrastructure of their synthetic filaments and their light-chain composition.
      This was not so in regard to the Ca2+ ATPase activity. This is probably the
      result of the expression of a new myosin- or of one of its polypeptides-, which
      has a different Ca2+-ATPase activity.

PMID- 6444582
TI  - Implications of minimum competency standards and testing for handicapped
      students.

PMID- 6444583
TI  - Measures of regular classroom teachers' attitudes toward handicapped children.

PMID- 6444584
TI  - Effects of a film on nonhandicapped children's attitdues toward handicapped
      children.

PMID- 6444585
TI  - Chemotherapy for bladder cancer with neocarzinostatin: evaluation of systemic
      administration.

PMID- 6444586
TI  - Effect of cytotoxic agents on suppressor cells in mice.

PMID- 6444587
TI  - Correlated changes in neuronal cerebral rat brain RNA synthesis and hypo- and
      hypermotoric disorders induced by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN).

PMID- 6444588
TI  - Frequency-domain study of the mechanical response of living striated muscle.
AB  - Small-amplitude sinusoidal displacements, in the frequency range 4-100 Hz, were
      applied to intact whole frog sartorius muscle whilst in a state of tetanus. At
      low frequencies the muscle was observed to do oscillatory work, while at higher
      frequencies it tended towards elastic behaviour. Frequency-response plots
      obtained were compared with those from other muscle preparations. Results were
      interpreted in terms of mechano-chemical transduction properties of muscle.

PMID- 6444589
TI  - [Effects of vision on tonic vibration response of a muscle or its antagonists in
      normal man (author's transl)].
AB  - In normal man, a vibratory stimulus applied to tendon of arm muscles can induce
      either a tonic motor response in the vibrated muscle or in its antagonists
      depending upon presence or absence of visual feedback from arm (perception of
      position vrs. perception of an illusive motion). Spinal motor effects of inputs
      from muscle spindle afferents elicited by vibration can be modified by the
      perceptive events experienced by the subject.

PMID- 6444590
TI  - Structure and mechanism of liver alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6444591
TI  - On subunit structure of Ca2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6444592
TI  - Selective replication of diplophage Dp-4 deoxyribonucleic acid in 6-(p
      hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil treated Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID- 6444593
TI  - Purification of the yeast plasma membrane ATPase solubilized with a novel
      zwitterionic detergent.

PMID- 6444594
TI  - [Postvaccinal complications].

PMID- 6444595
TI  - [Health education on the railroads].

PMID- 6444596
TI  - [Competition for the best feldsher obstetrical center].

PMID- 6444598
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the embryonic cells of the frog Microhyla ornata after
      cytochalasin H treatment.
AB  - Biological effects of cytochalasin H (CH), a newly isolated mould metabolite,
      have been found to bring about disaggregation of embryonic cells and to inhibit
      cytokinesis. Disaggregation is known to be a phenomenon related to the cell
      surface. (The cells are held together by a mucopolysaccharide glycoprotein
      complex.) In the present work the fact that the mucopolysaccharide glycoprotein
      surface coat gets affected by CH treatment is confirmed by electron microscopy
      with the help of Lanthanum, a specific marker, which gets selectively absorbed to
      the cell surface material and renders it electron dense. The ultrastructural
      observations indicated the reduction of the cell surface material in treated
      embryos as compared to the controls. The reappearance of lanthanum-bound cell
      surface material in the recovered embryos was also observed. However, the exact
      mechanism of the action of CH on the cell surface remains to be clarified.

PMID- 6444597
TI  - [Corticoids secretion in primary aldosteronism. I. Diurnal variation and the
      effect of dexamethasone (author's transl)].
AB  - For the purpose of studying the metabolism of adrenocortical steroids in primary
      aldosteronism, diurnal variation and the effect of dexamethasone were examined in
      four patients. The circadian rhythm of cortisol was observed in plasma
      aldosterone and corticosterone in all cases in the preoperative state. With
      regards to plasma progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and
      dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, however, no demonstrable change was noted.
      Dexamethasone was administered to two subjects for 10 days before the operation.
      As a result, the urinary aldosterone of one subject decreased on the 5th day
      after the administration but was restored to its original value on the 10th day,
      while the urinary aldosterone of the other subject did not decrease at all. On
      the first day after the operation, the value of plasma cortisol was elevated,
      losing its circadian rhythm. On the 7th day after the operation, the normal
      circadian rhythm was observed again in plasma cortisol. Plasma aldosterone was
      reduced to the normal range without any demonstrable changes on the first and 7th
      days after the operation. On the 30th day after the operation, a slight cortisol
      like circadian rhythm was observed. Plasma levels of progesterone,
      corticosterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate
      were almost within the normal range throughout the pre- and post-operative
      periods. Although plasma progesterone was within the normal range, it tended to
      be lower in the postoperative state than in the preoperative state.

PMID- 6444599
TI  - Studies of the structure-function relationships of Neurospora pyruvate kinase:
      denaturation by urea and the effect of ligands on the refolding and renaturation
      process.
AB  - 1. The renaturation of Neurospora pyruvate kinase following denaturation with
      urea was investigated. 2. The substrates, phosphoenol pyruvate and adenosine
      diphosphate, were observed to stabilize the enzyme against urea-induced
      structural disorganization. 3. It was demonstrated that for
      refolding/reactivation of the denatured protein the allosteric activator,
      fructose-1,6-diphosphate and a sulphydryl protectant are required. 4. The enzyme
      recovered following renaturation showed complete immunological identity with the
      native enzyme in Ouchterlony double diffusion tests.

PMID- 6444600
TI  - Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from human placenta--purification and
      catalytic properties.
AB  - 1. The purification of ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) from human placental mitochondria is
      described. The yield based on mitochondrial enzyme activity was about 70% and the
      purification was 380-fold. 2. The rate of Mg-ATP hydrolysis was 85 mumole per min
      per mg of protein under optimum conditions. 3. Nucleoside triphosphates were
      hydrolyzed by the purified enzyme at decreasing rates in the following order: GTP
      greater than ITP greater than ATP greater than epsilon-ATP greater than UTP
      greater than CTP in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), and in the order: ATP greater than
      GTP greater than or equal to ITP greater than epsilon-ATP greater than UTP
      greater than CTP in Tris-bicarbonate buffer at pH 8.0. 4. The values of kinetic
      parameters are reported. The ATPase reaction deviated from typical Michaelis
      Menten kinetics in Tris-HCl buffer but not in Tris-bicarbonate. Eadie-Hofstee
      plots for Mg-ATP hydrolysis were biphasic in Tris-HCl (Km = 0.2 mM, 0.09 mM) and
      monophastic in Tris-becarbonate medium (Km = 0.16 mM). 5. In the presence of Mg
      ITP or Mg-GTP as substrates no curvature of the reciprocal plots was observed. 6.
      The results presented reflect the fact that multiple conformations of the enzyme
      molecule do exist and are probably involved in its regulatory functions. 7. The
      existence of two kinetically distinct classes of catalytic sites and of an anion
      binding site on the placental ATPase is proposed.

PMID- 6444601
TI  - An endogenous inhibitor of erythrocyte membrane (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase involved in
      calcium transport.
AB  - 1. An inhibitor of erythrocyte membrane (Ca2+ + Mg+)-ATPase was isolated from
      membrane-free pig haemolysate through treatment with diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel
      and carboxymethyl-Sephadex at pH 6.8. The resulting inhibitor preparation was
      devoid of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activator protein. 2. The inhibitor was without
      effect on erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase, ouabain-sensitive ATPase and
      spectrin (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. 3. The inhibitor was active in suppressing
      activator sensitive, ATP-dependent calcium transport across erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 6444602
TI  - Peritoneoscopically guided needle aspiration of amebic liver abscess.

PMID- 6444603
TI  - Cloning of the Escherichia coli K-12 dihydrofolate reductase gene following mu
      mediated transposition.
AB  - The dihydrofolate reductase structural gene, folA, has been closed into the
      multicopy vector pBR322 following the gene's enrichment by bacteriophage Mu
      mediated transposition. Strains carrying the resultant plasmid, pJFM8, produce 25
      to 30 times more dihydrofolate reductase than control strains. Consequently they
      are resistant to trimethoprim, an inhibitor of this enzyme. This elevation in
      enzyme production is due to an increase in the number of folA gene copies per
      cell. The higher yield of dihydrofolate reductase obtained will be extremely
      useful for purifying and characterising this trimethoprim-sensitive chromosomally
      derived enzyme. The plasmid will also be invaluable for studying the structure,
      function and regulation of dihydrofolate reductase.

PMID- 6444604
TI  - [Irradiation dosages of the personnel of Leningrad x-ray diagnostic offices
      during 1963-1977].

PMID- 6444605
TI  - [Independent student work and the ways for its realization in the training of the
      hygienist in a department of general hygiene].

PMID- 6444606
TI  - [Changes in the physical state of students in the period of the work semester].

PMID- 6444607
TI  - [Role of the hygienic instruction of animal breeders in the prevention of
      zooanthroponoses].

PMID- 6444608
TI  - [Experience in organizing state sanitary inspection in the field of nutritional
      hygiene].

PMID- 6444609
TI  - [Dust-retaining capacity of the leaves of certain tree and shrub species in city
      air pollution].

PMID- 6444610
TI  - Effect of insulin in vivo and in vitro on incorporation of amino acid into
      protein in normal and diabetic rat aorta.

PMID- 6444611
TI  - The carbohydrate-protein binding region in keratan sulfate from bovine cornea. I.
      Isolation and partial characterization.
AB  - We present a defined chemical method for the isolation of the oligosaccharide
      linking the protein to the disaccharide units of keratan sulfate from bovine
      corneas. 1) Hydrazinolysis removes the amino acids from the peptido keratan
      sulfate, and leads to deacetylation of the glucosamine residues but does not
      split off the sulfate groups. 2) NaB3H4 reduction selectively labels the reducing
      terminal glucosamine of the chain by converting it to [3H]glucosaminitol. 3)
      Nitrous acid deamination splits the glycosidic bonds of glucosamine and converts
      this sugar into 2,5-anhydromannose but also leads to several derivatives of the
      free terminal [3H]glucosaminitol. 4) Na12CN treatment stabilizes the reactive 2,5
      anhydromannose and the terminal compounds containing aldehyde groups in a
      cyanhydrin reaction. 5) The oligosaccharide structure between the glucosamine
      residue at the reducing end and the first glucosamine of the disaccharide chain
      is not degraded by this procedure and is obtained intact and in labelled form.
      The data so far obtained on this part of the cornea keratan sulfate show that it
      is heterogeneous and contains besides the terminal glucosamine, mannose and
      fucose in a similar ratio as found in undegraded keratan sulfate. The predominant
      compound probably contains three neutral sugar residues.

PMID- 6444612
TI  - Pure bovine granulocytes as a source of granulopoiesis inhibitor (chalone).
AB  - In order to isolate an endogenous inhibitor (chalone) of granulopoiesis, a source
      of chalone has been employed which consists of pure granulocytes. Optimal
      conditions for the isolation of these cells from bovine blood using EDTA are
      described. After incubation of the cells, the conditioned medium was lyophilised
      and extracted in two separate procedures with water or acetone. Sephadex G-10
      chromatography yielded a fraction having a molecular weight under 700 which was
      capable of inhibiting the colony formation of myelopoietic stem cells in a
      nontoxic, cell-specific and reversible manner. THE INHIBITORy activity of the
      fraction was found to be dependent on the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol. Even
      then, aqueous solutions of the inhibitor are at present not indefinitely stable.

PMID- 6444613
TI  - Chondromatous metaplasia in the human larynx.
AB  - The finding of metaplastic fibroelastic cartilage in both vestibular folds of the
      larynx of an Orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) prompted the search for similar tissue
      in the same situation in 111 unselected human larynges removed at autopsy.
      Fibroelastic cartilage was found in both vestibular folds in three cases, being
      unilateral in a further four instances. The formation of this cartilage was
      preceded by the accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharide between fine collagen
      bundles within the vestibular fold followed by enlargement and alteration of the
      fibrocytes to resemble chondrocytes. These changes were found in 43 vestibular
      folds, and were bilateral in 10 cases.

PMID- 6444614
TI  - Densitometric and visual measurements of human chromosome 21.
AB  - The finding of heteromorphisms in certain regions of human chromosomes is useful
      in chromosome identification, especially in the study of the origin of
      nondisjunction. Quantitation of heteromorphisms in the smaller human chromosomes
      is theoretically valuable but remains technically difficult. In this paper we
      evaluate two methods for quantitation of human chromosome 21--visual
      densitometric measurement of Q-banded 34-mm negatives. Thirteen parameters are
      defined for chromosome 21. We find three of them to show less variability between
      different measurements of the same cell and from cell to cell in the same
      individual: (1) the centromere index, defined as the ratio of length of the
      satellite, stalk, and short arm to the length of the satellite, stalk and short
      and long arms; (2) the ratio of length of the satellite to the length of the
      total heteromorphic region of the short arm; and (3) the ratio of the short arm
      intensity to the intensity of band q21. Another parameter, the ratio of satellite
      intensity to the intensity of band q21, is reproducible by visual measurement but
      not by densitometry. Based on these studies we conclude that densitometry is not
      necessarily better than visual quantitation of the heteromorphic region of
      chromosome 21.

PMID- 6444615
TI  - Is there a PGM1 4 allele specific to Amerindian populations?
AB  - Rare PGM1 variants in Macushi and Wayampi Amerindian populations have been
      compared electrophoretically and by means of electrofocusing. They appear to be
      identical. The findings are discussed.

PMID- 6444616
TI  - A comment on the paper: Recurrence of Down Syndrome Associated with
      Microchromosome by C. Ramos, L. Rivera, J. Benitez, E. Tejedor, and A. Sanchez
      Cascos.

PMID- 6444617
TI  - Comparative study of red cell enzymes in Mirpur (a Portuguese-descendant
      community) and a neighbouring Hindu population of Gopalchak.
AB  - Five enzyme systems (ACP1, PGM1, MDH, LDH and EsD) have been studied in Mirpur
      and Gopalchak. The allele PGM13 is present in polymorphic frequency in Mirpur. In
      respect of ACP1 and PGM1 loci, these two populations differ significantly.

PMID- 6444618
TI  - Study of red blood cell and serum enzymes in five Pyrenean communities and in a
      Basque population sample.
AB  - Until recently, no data on genetic polymorphisms in the populations living on the
      northern side of the Pyrenees have been available, except for the Basques.
      Several investigations were done lately on rural communities in various
      geographic zones in the Pyrenees from the eastern to the western part. In this
      paper, the results for the following enzyme polymorphisms are reported: acid
      phosphatases, AK, ADA, PGM1 and PGM2, 6PGD, NADH diaphorase, SOD, MDH, TGP, G6PD,
      C5 esterase (E2 locus), serum cholinesterase (E1 locus). Significant variation in
      gene frequencies was observed over the distinct geographic zones for the main
      polymorphic system. Furthermore, some rare alleles were found: a new G6PD variant
      (Luz-Saint-Sauveur), the presence of ADA3 and ADA5 alleles in two groups of the
      Central Pyrenees, a Dia2 gene among Basques and in the Pays de Sault, a high rate
      of Ea1 allele in the Basque group. The values obtained for the degree of
      heterozygosity are in agreement with the relative isolation of the different
      groups studied and confirm the importance of sociocultural factors in the
      evolution of the genetic background of rural communities in Europe.

PMID- 6444619
TI  - A new instrument for continuous measurement of tissue blood flow by light beating
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 6444620
TI  - Transcutaneous blood flow measurements using pseudorandom noise Doppler system.

PMID- 6444622
TI  - Clinical trials in dermatology, part 3: measuring responses to treatment.

PMID- 6444621
TI  - Requirements for fatty acid synthesis and a chelation-sensitive step in the
      production of glucosyltransferase by Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - The antibiotic cerulenin differentially inhibited the production of
      glucosyltransferase activity by Streptococcus mutans GS5. Cerulenin
      preferentially inhibited [14C]acetate incorporation into cellular lipids but did
      not affect protein synthesis or ribonucleic acid synthesis in the same manner. No
      significant intracellular accumulation of glucosyltransferase activity could be
      demonstrated in cultures treated with cerulenin. On the other hand, another
      inhibitor of lipid synthesis, sodium chlorophenoxyisobutyrate, did not
      differentially inhibit glucosyltransferase expression. In addition, the role of a
      metal-requiring protease in the production of glucosyltransferase activity was
      suggested by the observation that the chelator quinacrine differentially
      inhibited the production of the enzyme.

PMID- 6444623
TI  - The acne questionnaire.
AB  - A printed questionnaire can be used to help uncover the reason(s) for acne flares
      or failures in response. This method not only enhances office efficiency but is
      suprisingly thorough and well accepted by patients. A sample form is presented
      and its proper use is discussed in the text.

PMID- 6444624
TI  - The acne flow form.
AB  - Most problems in keeping good records on acne patients can be overcome by using
      an acne flow form. When properly designed, this form provides a rapid but
      accurate method of entering and retrieving information and evaluating progress.
      Each dermatologist can easily and inexpensively produce his own form. An example
      is presented and helpful suggestions are made on the design and use of an acne
      flow form.

PMID- 6444625
TI  - American poison ivy (Rhus radicans) in Australia.

PMID- 6444626
TI  - Arsenic for phosphorus substitution: analogs of bone-seeking agents which bind
      technetium-99m.

PMID- 6444627
TI  - Dacron fixation of an intraocular posterior chamber lens.
AB  - Fourteen patients underwent intracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular
      lens implantation using a posterior chamber lens fixated with Dacron. IOL
      implantation was uncomplicated, and there was no vitreous loss duirng surgery.
      IOL fixation occurred within five to eight days after surgery, and all but one
      pupil could be dilated without lens dislocation. This patient had received
      atropine drops inadvertently after surgery. Fluorescein angioscopy did not
      demonstrate cystoid macular edema in the 11 patients who were available for
      examination and who did not have pre-existing macular disease.

PMID- 6444628
TI  - Current uses of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

PMID- 6444629
TI  - The nail-gun/staple-gun injury.

PMID- 6444630
TI  - Pediatric review: an approach to cyanosis in the newborn.

PMID- 6444631
TI  - The month in Washington.

PMID- 6444632
TI  - Purification and characterization of the integration protein specified by
      bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 6444633
TI  - Human erythrocyte ankyrin. Purification and properties.

PMID- 6444634
TI  - Reaction mechanism of calcium-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Substrates for
      phosphorylation reaction and back reaction, and further resolution of
      phosphorylated intermediates.
AB  - Reaction of the purified Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum at 0 degrees C at
      low [gamma-32P]ATP (0.1 to 0.67 microM) and enzyme (0.025 to 0.24 microM)
      concentration in the presence of 0.11 to 30 mM Ca2+ without added Mg2+ has
      resulted in the formation of phosphorylated intermediate (EP:maximal level of EP
      = 0.45 mol/mol of enzyme) at a very slow rate. Under these conditions, the
      reaction steps in which EP decomposition takes place are completely prevented.
      This has permitted us to study the EP formation reaction and its reversal
      specifically, with a considerably improved time resolution. An apparent rate
      constant of EP formation (Vf) increases in parallel with the concentration of Ca
      . ATP, but not with those of Mg . ATP, or of protonated or fully ionized free
      ATP. This suggests that Ca . ATP is the substrate under these conditions. If Co2+
      or Mn2+ are in excess over the other ions during the reaction, Vf varies in
      parallel with [Co . ATP] or [Mn . ATP]. Thus, it appears that either Ca2+, Co2+,
      or Mn2+ can be complexed with ATP to form the effective substrate. An apparent
      rate constant of the back reaction of EP initiated by addition of ADP to EP (Vr)
      increases in proportion to [ADP] or [H . ADP], but is inhibited by increasing
      concentrations of the ADP complex with Ca2+ or Mg2+, indicating that free ADP or
      protonated ADP, or both, are actual substrates for the back reaction of EP. These
      results suggest a new type of site to which the metal moiety of metal . ATP
      complex remains bound after the release of ADP from the enzyme. An acid-stable
      phosphorylated intermediate (EP) produced in the presence of high Ca2+
      concentrations (e.g. 0.11 mM) without added Mg2+ does not decompose
      spontaneously, and the major portion (approximately 90%) of this EP (EPD+) reacts
      with ADP to form ATP (ADP-sensitive). Upon chelating Ca2+ with ethylene glycol
      bis(beta-amino-ethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), EPD+ is converted
      to another form of EP (EPD-), which is unreactive with ADP (or ADP-insensitive).
      Addition of Mg2+, after initiation of the reaction leading to EPD- by EGTA,
      results in rapid production of Pi from a portion of EPD- with KMg approximately
      equal to 3.3 x 10(3) M-1. The fraction of EPD- that is Mg2+-sensitive (EPD-,M+)
      increases with reaction time at a much slower rate than the Mg2+-insensitive
      portion of EPD- (EPD-,M-). These results suggest that the enzyme reaction
      involves the sequential formation of at least three forms of acid-stable EP, viz.
      in the order of formation, EPD+, EPD-,M-, and EPD-,M+. The equilibrium between
      EPD+ and EPD-,M- is shifted by higher [K+] and [Ca2+] towards EPD+.

PMID- 6444635
TI  - Proteolytically derived fragments of human plasma fibronectin and their
      localization within the intact molecule.

PMID- 6444636
TI  - Four years experience with dacron-velour vascular prostheses in the femoro
      popliteal region.
AB  - A 4 year retrospective analysis of the results in a consecutive series of 83
      dacron-velour-prosthesis and the factors that were of influence on the results
      are described. A total of 117 primary and secondary operations were performed on
      the 83 limbs. The overall patency rate was 80% when the distal anastomosis could
      be made above the knee, but was only 54% when the distal anastomosis lay below
      knee-level. Seven limbs had to be amputated below the knee. In the above knee
      situation the dacron-velour-prosthesis proved to be a usefull alternative for the
      autogenous vein graft. Below the knee, the prosthesis should only be used in
      cases of threatening limb-loss.

PMID- 6444637
TI  - Fetal and maternal serum levels of steroid sulfates, unconjugated steroids, and
      prolactin at term pregnancy and in early spontaneous labor.

PMID- 6444638
TI  - Diminished synthesis of immunoglobulin by peripheral lymphocytes of patients with
      idiopathic membranous glomerulonephropathy.
AB  - Some studies of animal models of serum-sickness nephritis have shown that the
      lesions of membranous nephropathy develop in animals exhibiting a poor antibody
      response to the administered antigen (if given in constant amounts). It is
      postulated that patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy may share a
      similar characteristic, namely, a diminished capacity to produce sufficient
      amounts of antibody. To test this hypothesis, we examined the ability of
      lymphocytes isolated from 11 patients with this disorder to produce
      immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM on stimulation with a polyclonal B-cell activator,
      pokeweed mitogen. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (2 x 10(6) cells) from 24
      normal individuals had geometric mean production rates of 1,779 ng for IgG, and
      2,940 ng for IgM after 7 d of culture in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. By
      contrast, under identical conditions, lymphocytes from the 11 patients with
      membranous nephropathy produced significantly lower quantities of both
      immunoglobulins, with geometric mean concentrations of 511 ng for IgG and 439 ng
      for IgM. When lymphocytes from patients with membranous nephropathy were co
      cultured with normal lymphocytes, the production of immunoglobulin by normal
      lymphocytes was depressed by 22-82%, suggesting that a population of suppressor
      cells was responsible for this disturbance in B-cell function. By co-culturing
      normal lymphocytes with patient lymphocytes depleted of either T cells or
      monocytes, the suppressor cell was identified as a monocyte.

PMID- 6444639
TI  - A question of the specificity of rabbit atrial chronotropic histamine receptors
      and agents which affect their activity.
AB  - The histamine chronotropic response of rabbit atria appears to be controlled by
      both H1 and H2 receptors and can be blocked in part by either metiamide (an H2
      antagonist) or diphenhydramine (an H1 antagonist), while both 2- and 4
      methylhistamine (H1 and H2 agonists, respectively) stimulated the chronotropic
      response. At low agonist concentrations, the simultaneous presence of both H1 and
      H2 blockers results in considerably less inhibition than could be expected from
      calculations of individual inhibition data, suggesting that some sites behave as
      if they have both H1 and H2 properties. Additional compounds were tested for
      specific action on H1 and H2 receptors: 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine, reported to be
      an H1 agonist, appears to stimulate rabbit atria by releasing norepinephrine and
      guinea pig atria by releasing both norepinephrine and histamine; while dimaprit,
      reported to be an H2 agonist, may stimulate histamine receptors directly but has
      a nonspecific depressant action on rabbit atria which interferes with its use as
      an agonist in this species.

PMID- 6444640
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of yeasts in seborrheic keratoses.
AB  - Lesions of seborrheic keratoses were studied by scanning electrom microscopy.
      Numerous yeasts were present on the karatinized cells and hairs associated with
      the lesions. Surfaces of some yeasts were smooth and others were ruffled. The
      ruffles suggested the presence of a glycocalyx. The yeasts exhibited the
      morphological features of Pityrosporum ovale.

PMID- 6444641
TI  - Histologic changes in seborrheic keratoses after rubbing.
AB  - Seborrheic keratoses in five patients were rubbed and biopsied at varying
      intervals after injury. Microscopic examination revealed acute and chronic
      patterns of histologic change. Hemorrhage, hyalinization of dermal papillae, and
      necrosis of epithelial tips were conspicuous early changes. Specimens taken more
      than 48 h after rubbing showed a spectrum of changes which included: loss of
      epithelial mass, expansion and interconnection of keratin cysts, thinning of the
      epithelium, proliferation of epithelial strands from the residual epithelium,
      increase in size of epithelial cells, and evidence of hair follicle relationships
      including trichostasis spinulosa and, in one specimen, hair germ proliferation.
      Dermal lymphocytic infiltration was variable and only rarely involved the
      epithelium. These observations demonstrate a patterned response of the seborrheic
      keratosis to trauma, and also indicate a relationship between seborrheic
      keratosis and the hair follicle.

PMID- 6444642
TI  - Statistical relationship of morsal to bucco-lingual, approximal and sulcal caries
      in rats.
AB  - The correlation of morsal with sulcal, bucco-lingual and approximal caries scores
      of rats was compared. The morsal and bucco-lingual plus approximal correlation
      was significantly better than the morsal with sulcal correlation. When reporting
      rat caries, sulcal scores should be reported alone; morsal scores should be
      grouped with bucco-lingual and approximal to demonstrate total smooth surface
      lesions.

PMID- 6444643
TI  - Residues of fensulfothion in selected vegetable crops.

PMID- 6444644
TI  - Control of autologous immune complex nephritis. I. Suppression of the disease in
      the presence of T cell sensitization.
AB  - Pretreatment of Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats with the nephritogenic antigen,
      Fx1A, in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) reduced the incidence of autologous
      immune complex nephritis in rats subsequently challenged with Fx1A in complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The suppression was evidenced by a decrease in antibody
      production, in glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins, and in the incidence of
      proteinuria, and it was antigen specific. In vitro blastogenesis to Fx1A of
      lymphocytes from Fx1A-IFA-pretreated animals was normal. Rats pretreated with
      Fx1A-IFA initially developed a normal antibody response after challenge with Fx1A
      CFA, but the response was not sustained. These results indicate that the Fx1A-IFA
      induced suppressor mechanism does not inhibit sensitization, but rather modifies
      specific antibody production.

PMID- 6444645
TI  - Immunoregulatory circuit among macrophage subsets for T cell-mediated cytotoxic
      response to tumor cells.

PMID- 6444646
TI  - Cytotoxic T cells generated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. I.
      Primary autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.
AB  - In the course of the culture of an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), T
      cells proliferated in response to autologous non-T cells, and differentiated to
      cytotoxic T cells (AMLR killers). DNA synthesis was necessary to generate AMLR
      killers, as the elimination of autoreactive proliferating cells with BUdR and UV
      light completely abrogated AMLR killer cytolysis. Amlr killers lysed various
      lymphoid cell lines, including autologous B cell lines, autologous or allogeneic
      mitogen blasts stimulated by Con A, PHA, or pokeweed mitogen, variious
      nonlymphoid cell lines derived from human, mouse, or rat, and weakly normal
      autologous or allogeneic non-T cells. KMT-17, methylcholanthrene-induced rat
      fibrosarcoma, was the only resistant cell line to have been tested. AMLR killers
      had characteristics similar to NK cells, Major histocompatibility antigens were
      not the target antigens for AMLR killers. AMLR killers distinguished the blasts
      stimulated by alloantigens as self from the blasts stimulated by mitogens as non
      self.

PMID- 6444647
TI  - Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. III. Loss of lymph
      node cell responsiveness.
AB  - The relationship between immunosuppression and suppressor cell activity in the
      lymphoid organs of animals with experimental African trypanosomiasis has been
      examined further. In the present study we measure the primary in vitro PFC
      response to SRBC by spleen and lymph node cells from Trypanosoma rhodesiense
      infected or drug-cured C57BL/6 mice. Passive transfer experiments with this
      culture system tested for the presence or absence of suppressor cells. We
      demonstrate that infected mice exhibit immunosuppression in the spleen cell
      population several weeks before becoming suppressed at the level of the lymph
      node cell populations. Although suppressor cells are present in immunosuppressed
      spleen cell populations, suppression of lymph node cell responsiveness was not
      attributable to suppressor cells detectable withi, lymph nodes. After Berenil
      treatment of terminally infected mice immunocompetence was restored gradually,
      first to the lymph node cells and subsequently to the spleen cell population.
      Recovery of spleen cell responsiveness was attributable to the loss of detectable
      suppressor cell activity within spleens. These results demonstrate that there is
      anatomical restriction of the suppressor cell population to trypanosome-infected
      mouse spleen and that loss of immunocompetence in the lymph nodes may be due to
      factors unrelated to suppressor cell effects.

PMID- 6444648
TI  - Progressive myelopathy in older German shepherd dogs. II. Presence of circulating
      suppressor cells.
AB  - Progressive myelopathy in the German shepherd dog is a degenerative neurologic
      disease of unknown etiology. Results presented in a previous study indicated a
      depression in the response to thymus-dependent mitogens by peripheral blood
      leukocytes obtained from dogs with progressive myelopathy. Data presented here
      indicate that this depressed response to mitogens was associated with the
      presence of peripheral blood suppressor cells. Suppressor cell activity was
      detected in dogs that were severely affected with PM, but was not apparent in
      dogs that were mildly affected. Peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from dogs
      with progressive myelopathy suppressed the mitogenic response to autologous lymph
      node cells as well as allogeneic normal canine peripheral blood cells. The
      suppressor cells had the capacity to suppress mixed leukocyte reactions.
      Suppressor cell activity was radioresistant. Both nylon wool-adherent and 
      nonadherent peripheral blood leukocyte populations contained suppressor activity.
      Suppressive activity diminished after incubation of the suppressor cells with
      indomethacin, suggesting that suppression may be mediated by the release of
      prostaglandins. Although a role for peripheral blood suppressor cells in the
      disease process has not yet been established, it is possible that this abnormal
      regulatory activity reflects an attempt by the host to control an autoimmune
      event.

PMID- 6444649
TI  - A monoclonal antibody reactive with the human cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subset
      previously defined by a heteroantiserum termed TH2.
AB  - A hybridoma-secreting monoclonal antibody was produced from the spleen cells of a
      mouse immunized with human thymocytes. This hybridoma antibody, termed OKT5, was
      reactive by indirect immunofluorescence with 80% of human thymocytes but only 20%
      of peripheral blood T cells. Moreover, OKT5 was unreactive with normal B cells,
      null cells, and macrophages at any dilution tested. A similar pattern of
      reactivity was seen with an equine antiserum to human thymocytes termed anti-TH2.
      Fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that the OKT5 antibody
      reactivity on peripheral T cells was restricted to the majority of the previously
      defined TH2+ subpopulation. In functional studies, the OKT5+ subset, like the
      TH2+ subset, proliferated well to the mitogen Con A and to alloantigens, and
      contained cytotoxic effector cells after sensitization in MLC, and suppressor
      effector cells after activation with Con A. In addition, like the TH2+ T cell,
      the OKT+ T cell was virtually unresponsive to soluble antigen. Thus, the OKT5
      monoclonal antibody is reactive with the cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subset. OKT5
      should provide an important probe to assess the status of suppressor cells in
      human disease.

PMID- 6444650
TI  - Dissociation of differentiation and proliferation in the primary induction of
      cytolytic T lymphocytes by alloantigens.
AB  - The requirement for DNA synthesis in the induction of cytolytic T lymphocytes
      (CTL) by alloantigens has been investigated. C57BL/6 splenic T cells purified by
      passage on nylon wool columns were stimulated in vitro in mixed leukocyte culture
      (MLC) and assayed for cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled target cells. With this
      system, CTL activity was detectable after 24 hr of MLC and reached high levels
      after 48 hr. Addition of cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) or hydroxyurea to such
      cultures at concentrations that were sufficient to inhibit DNA synthesis by
      greater than 98% did not reduce CTL activity measured after 24 hr; however, the
      increase in activity that occurred between 24 and 48 hr in control cultures was
      strongly reduced (or abolished) by these drugs. Velocity sedimentation analysis
      of MLC cells activated for 48 hr in the presence of ARA-C further revealed that
      CTL precursor lymphocytes had enlarged into medium- to large-sized CTL under
      these conditions. These studies provide direct evidence that the primary
      induction of CTL by alloantigens can be dissociated into a differentiation step,
      which occurs within 24 hr in the absence of DNA synthesis and is accompanied by
      blast transformation, and a subsequent proliferation.

PMID- 6444651
TI  - Characterization of the stimulator cells in the murine primary mixed leukocyte
      response.
AB  - Macrophage-enriched and depleted spleen cell populations were examined for their
      ability to stimulate a murine 1 degree mixed leukocyte response. A quantitative
      comparison of unfractionated spleen cells, Sephadex g-10 passed spleen cells, 4
      hr glass adherent and 24-hr glass adherent spleen cells revealed that a potent 1
      degree MLR stimulator cell was phagocytic and that T and B lymphocytes failed to
      stimulate a response. By using several inb;ed and recombinant mouse strains
      congenic for different subregions of the MHC, it was found that macrophage
      enriched cells were capable of inducing an MLR against K, D, I-A, and I-E
      differences and against K and D mutants. Both macrophage-enriched and depleted
      spleen cells failed to stimulate responses when the stimulator and responder
      differed at I-J, I-C, S, or G. Moreover, MLR stimulation induced by K or D region
      differences alone was dependent upon stimulator cells that expressed Ia antigens.
      Therefore, it would appear that only a minor subpopulation of the cells that
      express the relevant MHC alloantigens is immunogenic in the murine 1 degree MLR.

PMID- 6444652
TI  - Heterogeneity of human suppressor cells induced by concanavalin A as determined
      in simultaneous assays of immune function.

PMID- 6444653
TI  - Carboxyfluorescein fluorochromasia assays. I. Non-radioactively labeled cell
      mediated lympholysis.

PMID- 6444654
TI  - Practical advances in cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
      radioimmunoassay using the microfilter paper method.

PMID- 6444655
TI  - Effects of a perfluoro erythrocyte substitute on platelets in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6444656
TI  - Vitamin A acid in the treatment of acne.

PMID- 6444657
TI  - Left atrial size in childhood.
AB  - To determine the accuracy of the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement (LAE) by
      vectorcardiogram (VCG) and electrocardiogram (ECG), we analyzed the magnitude of
      the P loop on VCG and the P wave duration, amplitude, and deflection on the ECG
      and compared them with echographic and angiographic data. Twenty-eight children
      with LAE were selected who had congenital or acquired heart disease. The control
      population consisted of 24 children with normal left atrial (LA) dimensions. No
      significant difference in P wave amplitude or duration was found in the two
      groups on ECG. Negative terminal deflection greater than orequal to - 1 mm in V1
      predicted LAE in only 25% of the patients with LAE. P loop magnitudes in all
      vector planes showed considerable overlap in both groups. When magnitude and
      direction were considered on VCG, only 29% of the patients with LAE would have
      been diagnosed as LAE by VCG criteria. Patients with large LA volumes, determined
      from biplane angiography,were compared with echocardiography, VCG and ECG. All
      had echocardiographic LAE, 50% had LAE by ECG criteria and only 33% by VCG
      criteria. It is concluded that more sensitive ECG and VCG criteria for diagnosing
      LAE by ECG and VCG need to be developed. It must also be determined which of
      these changes correlate with conduction delay, atrial hypertrophy and/or
      enlargement.

PMID- 6444658
TI  - Comments on the effect of variations in the size of the heart on the magnitude of
      ECG potentials.
AB  - Utilizing a mathematical model of the inhomogeneous torso, the effect of
      variations in the size of the heart on the amplitude of the surface potential is
      studied. The results show that incases of congestive heart failure, low
      potentials may result in spite of the cardiomegaly. This can be explained by the
      increased lung conductivity due to edema.

PMID- 6444659
TI  - Biosynthesis of the complement components and the regulatory proteins of the
      alternative complement pathway by human peripheral blood monocytes.
AB  - Short-term cultures of human peripheral blood monocytes were shown to synthesize
      the alternative pathway complement components C3, factors B (B) and D (D), and
      properdin, the regulatory proteins C3b inactivator (C3bINA) and beta 1H, in
      addition to C2, C4, and C5. B, D, properdin, C3bINA, and C2 were detected by
      functional assays, whereas beta 1H, C4, C3, and C5 could only be detected using
      immunochemical procedures. Immunoperoxidase localization studies showed that all
      the cells in each culture contained each component, so it is possible that all
      monocytes synthesize each component. It is concluded that cells of the monocyte
      macrophage series form a mobile source of complement components and regulatory
      proteins which can be concentrated at sites of inflammation.

PMID- 6444660
TI  - Anti-phenyltrimethylamino immunity in mice. II. L-Tyrosine-p
      azophenyltrimethylammonium-induced suppressor T cells selectively inhibit the
      expression of B-cell clones bearing a cross-reactive idiotype.
AB  - The anti-phenyltrimethylamino (TMA) response in A/J mice is characterized by a
      cross-reactive idiotype(s) (CRI) that appears linked to the Ig-Ie allotype. These
      findings made it attractive to look for a CRI on T cells reactive to the same TMA
      determinant. Thus a suppressor T-cell (Ts) assay specific for L-tyrosine-p
      azophenyltrimethylammonium [tyr(TMA)] was developed. A/J mice were primed with
      either tyr(TMA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), L-tyrosine
      azobenzenearsonate [tyr(ABA)] in CFA, or with CFA alone. 6 wk later all mice were
      inoculated with TMA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) in CFA, boosted with soluble TMA
      BSA 3 wk later, and plaqued 7 d after the soluble boost. Priming with tyr(TMA) in
      CFA resulted in 66% suppression of anti-TMA plaque-forming cells (PFC) as
      compared with control groups primed with tyr(ABA) in CFA or CFA alone. The
      suppression was shown to be mediated by Ts, as only T cells but not B cells from
      suppressed animals transfer the suppression in adoptive cell transfer experiments
      into lethally irradiated recipients. The profile of the anti-TMA PFC in the
      suppressed and nonsuppressed animals was examined via incorporation of anti
      idiotypic sera (specific for CRI-TMA) into the plaquing medium. The results of
      these experiments indicate that the suppression of the major CRI+-TMA PFC was
      virtually complete, whereas the CRI--TMA PFC are left intact. When A/J mice were
      primed with idiotypic antisera (anti-Id) or normal rabbit serum (NRS) rather than
      with the antigen on CFA alone, and the same protocol was followed thereafter, the
      anti-Id-inoculated mice were suppressed by 63% when compared with the NRS-primed
      controls. Again the suppression could be accounted for by the exclusive
      elimination of CRI+ anti-TMA PFC. The possibility that the antigen-induced
      idiotype suppression may result from idiotypic restrictions between interacting
      CRI+-Ts and CRT+-B cells will be discussed.

PMID- 6444661
TI  - Developmental and communicative interrelations of Ly123 and Ly1 cell sets.
AB  - To distinguish and define the differentiative and communicative relations of
      Ly123 and Ly1 cells in generating specific helper-effector (HE) (Ly1:HE) and
      specific suppression-inducing (SI) (Ly1:SI) cells, these two functional sets were
      generated from various combinations of congenic genetically marked sets of
      cortisone-resistant nylon-purified thymocytes (CRNPT) by culture on antigen
      primed macrophages (M phi) (the (T-M phi culture system). It was thus shown that
      Ly1:HE and Ly1:SI cells are produced by differentiation from antecedent Ly123
      cells. Ly1:HE and Ly1:SI are separate Ly1 populations; generationof Ly1:HE cells
      requires the presence of Ly1 cells, whereas the generation of Ly1:SI cells does
      not. Although the Ly23 CRNPT set, which is included when Ly123 cells are
      positively selected with Lty-2 antiserum is ruled out as a precursor source of
      Ly1:SI cells, the possibility of a communicative role for Ly23 cells in
      generating Ly1:SI cells remains to be investigated. The role of the Ly1 set
      required for the generation of Ly1:HE cells from CRNPT is communicative, not
      differential; and it is not a precursor source of Ly1:HE or Ly1:SI cells in the
      CRNPT population. It remains to be seen whether the use of additional phenotypic
      markers will distinguish subsets of Ly123 and Ly1 cells engaged in these several
      functions.

PMID- 6444662
TI  - Interferon as a mediator of human lymphocyte suppression.
AB  - Evidence is presented that interferon (IF) is a major mediator of the human
      concanavalin A (Con A) suppressor cell. The suppressive effects of Con A
      activated lymphocytes on the mitogen responses of normal responder cells were
      largely abrogated by addition of anti-human leukocyte IF serum. Similar
      suppressor activity was generated by coculture of peripheral blood leukocytes
      (PBL) with a melanoma cell line (MeWo) and a HeLa cell line persistently infected
      with measles virus that induced the production of IF by lymphocytes. A human
      mammary carcinoma line (MCF-7) and two bladder carcinoma lines (T24 and TCCSUP)
      failed to induce IF or suppression. Addition of anti-human leukocyte IF serum to
      suppressor cells and supernates from tumor cell-lymphocyte cocultures largely
      abolished suppression and neutralized the antiviral activity of such supernates.
      Exposure of PBL from purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive donors to PPD
      caused the production of suppressor activity and IF. PBL from PPD-negative donors
      failed to produce significant amounts of IF or to suppress on exposure to PPD.
      Supernates from PBL treated with virus (Newcastle disease virus [NDV]) contained
      IF and suppressed the mitogen responses of responder PBL. Both the suppressive
      and the antiviral activities of this material were eliminated after treatment
      with anti-IF serum. To ascertain whether antiviral and suppressive activities
      were mediated by the same types of IF, supernates from PBL cultured with Con A,
      PPD, NDV, and tumor cells were treated with anti-IF serum or acid pH. In all
      cases antiviral activity was neutralized in parallel with abrogation of
      suppressor activity. These results provide strong evidence for the role of IF as
      a mediator of human suppressor cell activity.

PMID- 6444663
TI  - Feedback suppression of the immune response in vitro. I. Activity of antigen
      stimulated B cells.
AB  - Feedback regulation of the primary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes
      (SRBC) was studied in vitro. Whole spleen cells or spleen cell subpopulations
      were incubated with antigen for 4 d under Mishell-Dutton conditions (education)
      and the surviving cells tested for regulatory activity in fresh anti-SRBC spleen
      cell cultures assayed by measuring plaque-forming cells on day 4. The data
      indicate that (a) whole spleen cells educated with SRBC exert potent antigen
      specific suppression in the assay culture, (b) surface Ig- (sIg-) cells (T cells)
      prepared by either nylon-wool separation or fractionation on rabbit anti-mouse-Ig
      coated polystyrene Petri dishes failed to generate suppressive activity when
      educated alone, in 2-mercaptoethanol, or in the presence of additional
      macrophages, (c) surface Ig (sIg+) (B) cells educated alone also failed to
      generate suppressor cells, and (d) mixing sIg- (T) and sIg+, Lyt 123- (B) cells
      reconstituted the ability to induce suppressor cells under these conditions. The
      antigen-primed cell actually required to transfer suppression was also
      characterized by separating cells using anti-Ig coated dishes, by fluorescence
      activated cell sorting and by anti-Lyt treatment. All these methods clearly
      identified sIg+ (B) and not sIg+ (T) cells as the important educated cells. It is
      concluded that under our conditions, T cell-dependent B cells triggered by
      antigen during primary in vitro cultures cause potent specific feedback
      suppression of humoral responses. Possible mechanisms for this suppression,
      including antigen blockade or anti-idiotypic responses, are discussed.

PMID- 6444664
TI  - Feedback suppression of the immune response in vitro. II. IgVH-restricted
      antibody-dependent suppression.
AB  - Feedback suppression of the primary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes
      (SRBC) in vitro was induced with cell-free supernate material derived from
      antigen-(SRBC) activated B (sIg+) cells. This soluble products bears Ig
      determinants and binds to the eliciting antigen (SRBC). The activity of this
      antibody in suppressing anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell responses is restricted to
      spleen cell cultures containing B cells sharing VH genes with the B cells
      producing the suppressive antibody. The anti-hapten (trinitrophenyl) response to
      derivatized SRBC is not affected by antigen-primed B cells or their products.
      These data are compatible with suppression being mediated by anti-antigen
      antibody, either (a) via blockade of different SRBC epitopes recognized by a
      limited set of B cell clones in each mouse strain, (b) via triggering of an anti
      idiotypic response, either antibody or suppressor T cell in nature, restricted to
      activity in cultures containing B cells sharing VH structures with the original
      antibody, or (c) via interference by preformed antibody with T cell help directed
      at idiotype bearing B cells.

PMID- 6444665
TI  - Estimation of the rate of tryptophan hydroxylation in vivo: a sensitive
      microassay in discrete rat brain nuclei.

PMID- 6444666
TI  - Thick filament degeneration in a case of acute quadriplegia.
AB  - Absence of thick filaments from the A bands in tissue giving apparently normal
      histochemical reactions for myosin ATPase, was seen in a case of acute onset
      muscle weakness progressing rapidly to quadriplegia with cerebral involvement.
      There was also widespread degeneration of interstitial structures and much
      phagocytosis. The dissociation of structure and function of the thick filaments
      suggests that a selective injury occurred within the myosin molecule. The
      etiology of the condition although clinically suggestive of a polyneuropathy
      remains pathologically uncertain. Toxic, immunological or viral causation may be
      responsible.

PMID- 6444667
TI  - Cardiac septal hypertrophy in hyperinsulinemic infants.
AB  - One infant with nesidioblastosis, and five of 18 infants of diabetic mothers had
      echocardiographically determined septal hypertrophy (greater than or equal to 6
      mm). No correlation was found between the septal hypertrophy and the presence of
      hypocalcemia, polycythemia, birth asphyxia, or other observed clinical findings.
      All of the infants with septal hypertrophy, however, had profound hypoglycemia
      shortly after birth in contrast to those infants without septal hypertrophy.
      Macrosomic IDM have intrauterine hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The presence
      of profound neonatal hypoglycemia is consistent with the metabolic effects of
      significant neonatal hyperinsulinemia which is also present in the fetus. Infants
      with nesidioblastosis also have fetal hyperinsulinemia. Recent investigations
      have suggested an important role for insulin in the developing heart since it is
      rich in insulin receptors and contains marked insulin degrading capacity.
      Although fetal hyperglycemia has been suggested as the cause of septal
      hypertrophy in IDM, we hypothesize that fetal hyperinsulinemia contributes
      directly to the spinal hypertrophy.

PMID- 6444668
TI  - Prune belly syndrome and urethral obstruction.

PMID- 6444669
TI  - Interaction between intestinal absorption and secretion of monoquaternary
      ammonium compounds in guinea pigs--a concept for the absorption kinetics of
      organic cations.

PMID- 6444670
TI  - Experimental diabetes: alterations in circulating dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and
      norepinephrine.
AB  - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity is increased at least 5-fold in the
      serum of rats with experimental diabetes produced by Streptozotocin or Alloxan.
      The increased DBH activity persisted for 7 months. Dialysis did not reduce the
      elevated activity. Based on a large increase in the maximal velocity of the
      enzyme reaction and immunoprecipitation studies, there appears to be increased
      amounts of DBH in the serum of diabetic rats. Thyroxin and triiodothyronine
      concentrations were reduced in diabetic serum but replacement doses of these
      hormones did not correct the high DBH activity. In contrast, adrenalectomy or
      insulin administration prevented the diabetes and elevations of circulating DBH.
      Circulating norepinephrine levels in arterial and venous blood were measured at 4
      and 16 weeks after the onset of diabetes and elevated only in venous blood at the
      early time interval. In summary, circulating DBH levels were increased in
      experimental diabetes but did not correlate with circulating norepinephrine
      levels. Further studes are required to differentiate between the possibilities of
      increased sympathetic nervous system activity and altered DBH turnover in
      experimental diabetes.

PMID- 6444671
TI  - Distribution of receptors around neck vertebrae in the cat [proceedings].

PMID- 6444672
TI  - Perception and perceptual-motor processes in children with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6444673
TI  - Effects of a training program on teacher behavior and handicapped children's self
      concepts.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of the revised Utah
      State University Self-Concept Protocol Program in changing teacher behaviors
      presumed to be related to pupil self-concept. This program was focused on
      teachers with handicapped pupils in mainstreamed classrooms (grades 4 through 6).
      Ten volunteer teachers were trained in the self-concept behaviors as part of an
      inservice course. Eight additional volunteer teachers served as a no-treatment
      control group. Program-related teacher behaviors were observed and a pupil self
      concept measure was administered before and after the inservice course. Results
      indicated that, although no changes occurred in program-related behaviors for the
      control group teachers, experimental group teachers showed significant increases
      on six of the 12 program-related behaviors. No gains in self-concept were made by
      handicapped children; however, there was some evidence for differential
      effectiveness of the program for learning disabled and emotionally handicapped
      children.

PMID- 6444674
TI  - Immunosuppression following thermal injury through B cell activation of
      suppressor T cells.
AB  - Using normal human lymphocytes isolated by sedimentation and cotton column
      adherence, we report development of a reliable assay of immunosuppression of PHA
      induced blastogenesis by serum from patients with burn injuries. These lymphocyte
      cultures contained both responder cells (subpopulation x) and regulator cells
      (subpopulation y). Lymphocytes isolated by gradient centrifugation on sodium
      metrizoate-Ficoll contained responder cells (x) but no regulator cells (y).
      Cultures of lymphocytes isolated by this method were stimulated by PHA but were
      not suppressed by the addition of patient serum. When lymphocytes were isolated
      by a cotton column adherence/Lymphoprep centrifugation-double separation,
      subpopulations (x) and (y) were isolated. We have established that both
      subpopulations were necessary for suppression to occur, and that (y) operates as
      the regulator of (x). Finally, by manipulating B cell and T cell populations
      isolated by nylon column adherence or AET rosette separation, we have
      demonstrated that the regulator ability of subpopulation (y) is the result of B
      cell activation of suppressor T cells.

PMID- 6444675
TI  - Treatment of anorectal gonorrhea infections in men.
AB  - The charts of 606 men with anorectal gonorrhea infections treated using the
      current Public Health Service recommendations were reviewed. There were 3.3%
      failures in the group treated with penicillin--14.4% in those treated with
      tetracycline hydrochloride, 14.8% in the ampicillin trihydrate group, and none
      among those treated with spectinomycin hydrochloride. The intramuscular (IM)
      injection of penicillin G procaine, 4.8 million units, with 1 g of probenicid
      given orally is the treatment of choice for anorectal gonorrhea. An IM injection
      of 2 g of spectinomycin hydrochloride was effective but should be reserved for
      patients allergic to penicillin and for penicillin treatment failures.

PMID- 6444676
TI  - A 'truth in mending' act.

PMID- 6444677
TI  - Pelvic fluid at ovulation.

PMID- 6444678
TI  - Topical agents alone in acne. A blind assessment study.
AB  - The comparative effectiveness of three comprehensive therapeutic programs was
      studied in 118 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. A topical program of
      tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and water avoidance was found to be as effective as
      the more commonly employed program of systemic tetracycline therapy with
      topically applied tretinoin and better than a program using systemic tetracycline
      therapy with abradant cleansers. At 16 weeks of therapy for all groups, the
      degree of skin dryness correlated with lack of improvement. Skin dryness is
      established as an aggravating factor in both the pathogenesis and treatment of
      acne. The topical program was nonirritating, well accepted by patients, and less
      expensive than the other two regimens.

PMID- 6444679
TI  - [Methods of diagnosing postoperative venous thrombosis].

PMID- 6444680
TI  - [Radioisotope phlebography and ultrasonic flowmetry in the diagnosis of
      iliofemoral venous thrombosis].
AB  - Thirty patients with suspected obstruction of blood flow in the iliofemoral
      venous segment were examined by radioisotope phlebography and ultrasonic
      flowmetry. Comparative appraisal of the diagnostic precision of both methods of
      examination was made. In 93.3% of cases the results of these methods of
      examination coincided. Combination of the two methods makes the examination more
      exact and widens their diagnostic possibilities.

PMID- 6444681
TI  - [Aramais Vagarshakovich Grigorian (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6444682
TI  - [Forms of fixation of the large intestine in the adult].

PMID- 6444683
TI  - Experimental study of the effects on rabbits of strains of Staphylococcus aureus
      which are resistant to mercuric chloride.
AB  - 3 mercuric chloride resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus of human, canine
      and bovine origin were inoculated into rabbits which were then caged with
      clinically healthy rabbits. All rabbits were observed twice daily for evidence of
      infection. The human strain of S. aureus produced the severest lesion and the
      bovine strain the least severe lesion. Only 1 of 16 healthy rabbits developed a
      lesion similar to those of the infected rabbits in its group and from which
      identical S. aureus was isolated. It was concluded that the human biotype was
      more virulent in rabbits than the canine and bovine biotypes, and that infection
      in a rabbit colony by mercuric chloride resistant members of the 3 biotypes may
      not cause epidemic staphylococcosis.

PMID- 6444684
TI  - The effect of ethanol on the temperature dependence of respiration and ATPase
      activities of rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 6444685
TI  - . . . To meet the unique needs of a handicapped child.

PMID- 6444686
TI  - The potentialities and prospects for surgical methods of diagnosis of cancer of
      the lung.
AB  - Surgical methods of diagnosis make it possible to determine in patients with lung
      cancer the actual local extension of tumour and its metastatic foci. The
      diagnostic thoracotomy plays an important role in the complex diagnosis of lung
      cancer. Diagnostic thoracotomy has been performed in 109 out of 1215 patients
      with lung cancer and other lung lesions suspicious for cancer. Primary lung
      cancer, mostly at early stage, was detected in 50 out of 109 patients. Among 308
      patients who had been subjected to Daniels operation, metastases were revealed in
      130 cases (42.2%); prescalene lymph nodes were found inpalpable in 12.4% and
      palpable in 64.4% of cases. Mediastinoscopy carried out in 262 patients revealed
      metastases in 36.2% of cases. Parasternal mediastinotomy allowed definition of
      the degree of tumor extension in 49.5% of cases. Application of laparoscopy and
      laparotomy revealed metastases in the organs of the abdominal cavity and
      retroperitoneal space in 13.5% of patients. Results of studies show a definite
      relationship between the frequency of metastases development in the lymph nodes
      and distant organs and tumor site as well as clinico-anatomical forms and
      morphological structure of tumor. Application of surgical diagnostic methods
      should be done according to strict indications.

PMID- 6444687
TI  - Development of collagenous linings on impermeable prosthetic surfaces.
AB  - In an effort to accelerate development of a biologic lining on the fibrillar
      surface of a left ventricular assist pump, the blood-contacting interface was
      covered with bovine fetal fibroblasts immediately prior to implantation into the
      animal. Selection of these syngeneic cells was based on their demonstrated
      prolificacy and abundant collagen production. Comparative studies, carried out in
      17 Holstein calves, indicated that an adherent, thin, collagenous lining
      developed on the fibroblast-seeded polyurethane pump chamber in nine animals.
      Similar implantations of eight non-cell-seeded (control) devices resulted in
      formation of a predominantly acellular, fibrinous membrane, varying in thickness
      from 1 to 8 mm. Pump chamber compliance was significantly reduced when the
      histologic surface exceeded 3 mm in thickness, resulting in impaired filling and
      an inadequate stroke volume. The use of 14C-thymidine-labeled fibroblasts
      permitted later identification of the donor cells in the collagenous linings by
      radioautography. Serial immunologic studies undertaken to detect evidence of
      rejection in recipient Holstein calves were negative.

PMID- 6444688
TI  - The effect of prolonged exposure to industrial noise on otosclerosis.
AB  - More than 3000 workers referred by the Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario
      have been evaluated for pension for industrial hearing loss. They include the
      normal proportion of otosclerotics, many of whom have had surgical therapy. The
      operations have been done by a wide variety of surgeons in the province of
      Ontario, and the results are representative of those which will be obtained in a
      large section of the Canadian community. The results are significantly worse than
      generally quoted, and some of the deficiencies are attributable to occupation.
      These include perilymph fistula from excessive straining and sensorineural
      hearing loss due to noise exposure. Detailed results will be presented.

PMID- 6444689
TI  - [Radiation injuries of the chromosomes in the lymphocytes of hereditary disease
      patients].

PMID- 6444690
TI  - [Medical work expertise in lumbar osteochondrosis].

PMID- 6444691
TI  - Where the bicycle is a tool of the trade.

PMID- 6444692
TI  - Loss of cryoprecipitability following proteolytic eleavage of the VH domains from
      a human IgG cryoglobulin.

PMID- 6444693
TI  - On inactivation of bacteriophage lambda by hydroxylamine.
AB  - Hydroxylamine is a mutagen which is much more active on single-stranded DNA than
      on double-stranded DNA. It is shown here that the cohesive ends of lambda DNA,
      with 10 cytidine residues, constitute a hydroxylamine target roughly equal in
      magnitude to the entire duplex part of the molecule, which contains ca.  25 000
      cytidine residues.

PMID- 6444694
TI  - W-reactivation and W-mutagenesis of lambda phage damaged by methyl
      methanesulfonate in recA and lexA strains of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6444695
TI  - Antigen-specific suppressor cells and suppressor factors in human filariasis with
      Brugia malayi.
AB  - We investigated the mechanisms of specific immune unresponsiveness to
      microfilarial antigens. The blood of patients with obvious Brugia malayi
      infections contains an adherent cell type that specifically suppresses reactions
      to microfilarial antigens but not to other antigens. In the absence of continued
      stimulation by parasite antigens, this suppressor cell loses its functional
      activity after overnight culture in vitro. Furthermore, serums from patients with
      and without microfilaremia contain factors that also suppress reactions to
      filarial antigens in vitro. These results suggest that immune unresponsiveness in
      human beings with patent filarial infections is due to active suppression of
      immune responses directed against the parasite and not to an intrinsic inability
      of infected patients to react to parasite antigens.

PMID- 6444696
TI  - Proliferation of T gamma cells with killer-cell activity in two patients with
      neutropenia and recurrent infections.
AB  - Two patients with severe granulocytopenia and recurrent infections of the skin
      and oropharynx had excess T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG
      (T gamma cells) in blood and bone marrow. The abnormal T gamma cells killed
      antibody-sensitized target cells in vitro (killer-cell activity) but did not
      suppress immunoglobulin production by B lymphocytes (suppressor-cell activity). T
      gamma lymphocytes from normal persons showed both killer-cell activity and
      suppressor-cell activity. In the serum of one patient, granulocyte antibodies,
      possibly of an autoimmune nature, were detected. The clinical picture in
      conjunction with the hematologic and immunologic findings characterized the
      disease of both patients as a distinct entity among the chronic
      lymphoproliferative diseases of T-cell origin.

PMID- 6444697
TI  - Copper metallothionein, a copper-binding protein from Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Copper is an essential constituent of many proteins which participate in
      biologically important reactions. In contrast to iron, where different metal
      storage and transport proteins have been extensively characterised, the existence
      of copper proteins serving such functions is still a matter of controversy.
      Studies on the biosynthesis of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa with respect to
      the copper status of this fungus have shown that this organism accumulates copper
      with the concomitant synthesis of a small molecular weight copper-binding
      protein. This protein is now shown to have a striking sequence homology to the
      zinc- and cadmium-containing metallothioneins from vertebrates. Growth
      experiments suggest that this molecule fulfills several important physiological
      functions in this organism such as copper storage, copper detoxification and
      provision of copper for tyrosinase.

PMID- 6444698
TI  - Polarity of spindle microtubules.

PMID- 6444699
TI  - High-affinity binding of 125I-labelled mouse interferon to a specific cell
      surface receptor.
AB  - Previous research suggests that interferon binds to the cell surface, possibly by
      attachment to gangliosides. A two-component receptor system consisting of binding
      and activation sites has been proposed. This hypothesis is supported by the
      finding that interferon inhibits binding of cholera toxin and thyrotropin to
      their receptors suggesting possible common receptor sites. Moreover, an antiserum
      against cell surface components of interferon-sensitive cells has been shown to
      inhibit the action of interferon. However, to understand the interaction of
      interferon with the cell surface requires direct ligand-binding studies. I
      present here direct evidence that high-affinity binding of interferon to a
      specific cell surface receptor is an initial step in interferon action using
      biologically active purified 125I-labelled mouse interferon. Labelled interferon
      binds specifically to interferon-sensitive mouse leukaemia L1210 cells, whereas
      binding to interferon-resistant L1210 cells is nonspecific. Furthermore, specific
      binding to monolayer cultures of mouse L929 cells is compared with nonspecific
      binding to chick embryo fibroblasts insensitive to the action of mouse
      interferon.

PMID- 6444700
TI  - Inhibition by trifluoperazine of calmodulin-induced activation of ATPase activity
      of rat erythrocyte.

PMID- 6444701
TI  - Whether or not predictive tests?

PMID- 6444702
TI  - Obesity, thermogenesis and the sodium pump.

PMID- 6444703
TI  - Re: interest on unpaid compensation awards; order of the chairman.

PMID- 6444704
TI  - Interstitial twin pregnancy.
AB  - A rare case of interstitial twin pregnancy is presented. The attendant
      difficulties of ultrasonography and the important role of laparoscopy in the
      diagnosis and management of this unusual condition are discussed.

PMID- 6444705
TI  - Twin pregnancy with discordancy for Down's syndrome.
AB  - A twin pregnancy is described in which discordancy for Down's syndrome was
      diagnosed prenatally by karyotyping amniotic fluid cultures from each of the 2
      sacs. The advantages of ultrasonography prior to genetic amniocentesis are
      discussed from this perspective. The observation that parents may deal in various
      ways with the reality of this prenatal dilemma demands an open-minded approach
      from obstetricians and genetic counselors.

PMID- 6444706
TI  - Enhancement of T cell MLR reactivity by addition of macrophage supernatants from
      tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - One-way mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were used to establish a correlation
      between loss of in vitro T cell reactivity and in vivo tumor growth. Though
      supernatants from anti-Thy 1 treated macrophages (M phi) greatly enhanced MLR
      activity in normal T cells, such addition had little effect in reversing the
      inability of T cells from 2-week palpable tumor-bearing mice (TBM) to recognize
      in vitro foreign histocompatibility antigens. Since normal T cells, exposed to
      TBM M phi supernatants, exhibited no decrease in proliferative response, TBM T
      cell loss of MLR reactivity could not be ascribed to tumor-induced suppressor M
      phi.

PMID- 6444707
TI  - Normal murine endogenous lymphoid factor(s) inhibiting lymphocyte functions. I.
      In vivo effect on allogeneic tumor growth.
AB  - Murine lymphoid chalones and their in vivo effect was studied. Cytoplasmic
      extracts were prepared from normal murine spleen lymphocytes. When assayed in
      vitro, cytoplasmic extracts (CE) were able to inhibit a blastomitogenic
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of syngeneic and allogeneic normal murine
      lymphocytes, as well as cell replication of murine lymphoma cells. CE also had an
      inhibitory effect on human lymphoblastoid cell line division but it had no effect
      on nonlymphoid cell division. In vivo, CE had an enhancing effect on a murine
      allogeneic tumor, probably by suppressing the host's immune rejection response.

PMID- 6444708
TI  - Anticancer activity of new nitrosoureas against Walder carcinosarcoma 256 and
      DMBA-induced mammary cancer of the rat.
AB  - Three new nitrosoureas and chlorozotocin were screened for anticancer activity
      against Walker carcinoma 256 and DMBA-induced mammary cancer of the rat. High
      single doses (80% of LD50) of water-soluble 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3
      (methylencarboxamido)urea and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      nitrosoureido]ethylmethansulfonate effected a similar tumor weight inhibition
      than BCNU in treatment of subcutaneously implanted Walker 256. In dose-response
      studies low doses of the new analogs effected a higher tumor weight inhibition
      than BCNU in the treatment of subcutaneously implanted Walker 256. The
      therapeutic index calculated as LD50/ED50, was 2.7 and 2.4 for the new compounds
      in comparison to BCNU with 2.1. Chlorozotocin and 1-(methylenecarboxyethyl)-1
      nitroso-3-phenylurea were not active. Against DMBA-induced mammary cancer the new
      BCNU analogs yielded a greater tumor weight inhibition than adriamycin and BCNU.
      At a dose-level of approximately LD10, the remission rates of individual tumors,
      which were at least 0.6 g at the beginning of treatment were 46% (13/28) for
      therapy with 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]ethylmethanesulfonate, 32%
      (9/28) for 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitro-3-(methylenecarboxamido)urea, 26% (6/23) for
      chlorozotocin, 21% (7/33) for adriamycin and 17% for BCNU, respectively. As
      single agents the 2 new analogs 2[3-(1-chloroethyl)-3
      nitrossureido[ethylmethanesulfonate, the water-soluble 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitroso-3-(methylenecarboxamido)urea and chlorozotocin were the most effective
      compounds against DMBA-induced mammary cancer of the rat.

PMID- 6444709
TI  - [Psychosocial problems in disability in the productive years].

PMID- 6444710
TI  - Steroid and growth hormone levels in premature infants after prenatal
      betamethasone therapy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Prenatal maternal therapy with glucocorticoid reduces the incidence of
      respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. To investigate the
      effects of this treatment on the fetal endocrine system, we determined serum
      concentrations of betamethasone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, growth
      hormone, and prolactin in cord blood of 215 treated infants and 117 untreated
      infants of 26--36 wk of gestation. Cortisol levels are suppressed within 6 hr of
      betamethasone treatment, decrease to 45% of the concentration in untreated
      infants (8.4 micrograms/dl), and return to normal by 7 days.
      Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is reduced maximally by 65% and returns to normal
      concentrations (123.5 micrograms/dl in 7 1/2 days. The suppression of both
      steroids was similar after treatment with 12 mg betamethasone (acetate and
      phosphate) daily 2 times or with 6 mg betamethasone (alcohol) twice daily 4
      times. Peak betamethasone levels were higher after the 12 mg dose, but the two
      treatment regimens produced a similar total exposure of the fetus to elevated
      serum glucocorticoid activity for 2 1/2 days and decreased plasma activity for
      the subsequent 4 1/2 days. Treated infants with low cortisol concentrations at
      birth increased their cortisol levels severalfold after birth in response to
      either intrapartum asphyxia or RDS. Betamethasone therapy did not affect cord
      serum prolactin levels, but the concentration of growth hormone was reduced at
      all ages. The suppression was greatest (53% decrease) among infants of 28 less
      than 32 wk, and, among older infants, there was a subsequent increase above
      control levels between 2 and 4 days after treatment. This study indicates that
      prenatal betamethasone treatment causes a transient suppression of fetal growth
      hormone and presumably those pituitary hormones which regulate steroid production
      by both the definitive and fetal zones of the fetal adrenal. However, the
      suppression of fetal cortisol does not interfere with the pituitary
      adrenocortical response to stress after birth.

PMID- 6444711
TI  - Comparative study of x-ray and UV induced cytotoxicity, DNA repair, and
      mutagenesis in Down's syndrome and normal fibroblasts.
AB  - Utilizing six age-matched human fibroblast cell strains (three normal and three
      Down's syndrome) cytotoxicity, DNA repair, and X-ray mutagenesis were measured.
      There was no significant difference in the colony-forming ability after
      ultraviolet (UV) or X-irradiation between normal and Down's fibroblasts.
      Similarly, UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis was not significantly different
      between normal and Down's cells. Finally, a comparison between the spontaneous
      and X-ray induced mutation frequency at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase locus demonstrated no difference between the two cell types (normal
      and Down's).

PMID- 6444712
TI  - Early intervention for infants with Down syndrome: a controlled trial.
AB  - The mental development of 37 infants with Down syndrome, allocated either to an
      experimental or control group, was assessed over a six-month period by an
      independent evaluator. The experimental group participated in biweekly therapy
      sessions designed to stimulate normal development while the control group
      received no intervention. The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales were used to
      assess changes in the developmental status in the two groups, which were shown to
      be equal initially on a variety of variables. No statistically significant
      differences in mental development between the experimental and control groups
      were found. The early intervention regimen investigated in this study was not
      efficacious in altering the pattern of mental development in those Down syndrome
      infants participating in the program.

PMID- 6444713
TI  - Zinc deficiency, acrodermatitis enteropathica, optic atrophy, subacute myelo
      optic neuropathy, and 5,7-dihalo-8-quinolinols.
AB  - Acrodermatitis enteropathica, a heritable disease of zinc deficiency, was
      formerly amenable to treatment only with dihaloquinolinol drugs. A few cases of
      optic atrophy were reported in surviving patients and were proposed as examples
      of ocular drug toxicity, principally because of the association between
      iodochlorhydroxyquin and subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japan. An
      alternate hypothesis is now offered: that the optic atrophy was secondary to the
      zinc deficiency, which is consistent with diverse evidence cited from the
      literature. Therefore, it would seem worthwhile to investigate zinc in cases of
      disk pallor described as idiopathic or drug associated, and to investigate visual
      function in cases of severe malnourishment.

PMID- 6444714
TI  - Menstruation: the management of menstrual flow in disabled women.

PMID- 6444715
TI  - Too young to be left on the shelf.

PMID- 6444716
TI  - Play aids for the handicapped: children - safely - at play.

PMID- 6444717
TI  - [Age-related and annual dynamics of the sugar level in the blood in the healthy
      inhabitants of Alma-Ata].
AB  - Age changes in the blood sugar level were studied in healthy residents of Alma
      Ata according to 22517 analyses; it was found to be maximum at the age of 80--89
      years (85.5 +/- 2.3 mg %), and minimum at the age of 20--29 years (80.2 +/- 0.3
      mg %); p less than 0.03. Compiled annual data on normoglycemia changes for 7
      years (1971--77) indicated that it was maximum in November (84.5 + 0.29 mg %),
      and minimum in July (80.3 + 0.30 mg %); p less than 0.001. The annual blood sugar
      level was maximum in persons aged from 20 to 39 years in December, aged from 40
      to 59 years in October, and at the age of 60 and older in November; it was
      minimum in February, May, and July, respectively.

PMID- 6444718
TI  - [Mechanism of anemia induced by the prolonged administration of an erythrocyte
      chalone].

PMID- 6444719
TI  - [Medical work capacity expertise in chronic lympho- and myeloleukemias].

PMID- 6444720
TI  - Specificity of diffusion channels produced by lambda phage receptor protein of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The lamB protein, the receptor for phage lambda, was purified from the outer
      membrane of Escherichia coli K-12 by extraction with Triton X-100 and EDTA,
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel in Triton X-100, exchange of Triton for cholate
      by gel filtration, and chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 in cholate, NaCl, and
      EDTA. The purified protein appeared to exist as several oligomeric species. In an
      equilibrium retention assay with reconstituted vesicles containing phospholipids
      and lipopolysaccharide, the lamB protein conferred permeability for
      disaccharides. In a liposome swelling assay designed to measure rates of
      diffusion, the lamB protein conferred permeability to phospholipid liposomes for
      a variety of substrates. The rates obtained indicate the permeation facilitated
      by the lamB protein is specific, discriminating among substrates by both size and
      configuration. For example, maltose diffused into liposomes 40 times faster than
      sucrose, about 8 times faster than cellobiose, and about 12 times faster than
      maltoheptaose. The results suggest that the lamB protein forms a transmembrane
      channel containing a site (or sites) that loosely interacts with the solutes.

PMID- 6444721
TI  - Isozymes of human phosphofructokinase: identification and subunit structural
      characterization of a new system.
AB  - The existence of a five-membered isozyme system for human phosphofructokinase
      (PFK; ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) has been
      demonstrated. These multimolecular forms result from the random polymerization of
      two distinct subunits, M (muscle type) and L (liver type), to form all possible
      tetrameters-i.e., M(4), M(3)L, M(2)L(2), ML(3), and L(4). Partially purified
      muscle and liver PFKs were hybridized by dissociation at low pH and then
      recombination at neutrality. Three hybrid species were generated in addition to
      the two parental isozymes, to yield an entire five-membered set. The various
      species could be consistently and reproducibly separated from one another by DEAE
      Sephadex chromatography at pH 8.0 with a concave elution gradient of salt. Under
      similar experimental conditions, erythrocyte PFK from hemolysates was also
      resolved into five species chromatographically indistinguishable from those
      produced in the above experiment. Immunological and kinetic studies of the
      isozymes provided corroborative evidence to support the proposed subunit
      structures. Erythrocyte PFK was found to have kinetic properties intermediate
      between those of muscle and liver PFK and was neutralized only 50% by an
      antiserum against muscle PFK that completely neutralized muscle PFK. These data
      demonstrate that muscle and liver PFKs are distinct homotetramers-i.e., M(4) and
      L(4), respectively-whereas erythrocyte PFK is a heterogeneous mixture of all five
      isozymes. The structural heterogeneity of erythrocyte PFK provides a molecular
      genetic basis for the differential organ involvement observed in some inherited
      PFK deficiency states in which myopathy or hemolysis or both can occur.

PMID- 6444722
TI  - Cell surface polypeptides of murine T-cell clones expressing cytolytic or
      amplifier activity.
AB  - Murine cytolytic T-cell and amplifier T-cell clones derived from secondary
      unidirectional mixed leukocyte cultures were labeled with 125I by the
      lactoperoxidase method and their polypeptide profiles were analyzed by
      NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All cytolytic T-cell clones derived
      from the same mouse strain yeilded similar cell surface polypeptide profiles.
      However, profiles obtained with three amplifier T-cell clones were strikingly
      different from each other as well as from those of cytolytic T-cell clones.
      Comparison of these profiles with those obtained from mixed leukocyte culture
      cells, whole spleen cells, glass wool/nylon wool-purified splenic T-cells, and
      thymocytes indicates that cytolytic T-cell clones have a characteristic cell
      surface polypeptide profile that distinguishes this type of lymphocyte from most
      other lymphocytes.

PMID- 6444723
TI  - Antigen-specific induction and regulation of antibody synthesis in cultures of
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Culture conditions suitable for specific sensitization of human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes were established. Production of antibody to sheep erythrocytes and to
      the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group conjugated to burro erythrocytes was investigated
      in terms of cross-sensitization, feedback control by antibody to the immunogen,
      and regulation by helper and suppressor T cells. Generation of antigen-specific
      antibody-forming cells was found to be restricted to a narrow concentration range
      of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes. The data suggest that antibody
      formation is limited by suppressor T cells in high-cell-density cultures and by
      low frequencies of helper T cells in low-cell-density cultures.

PMID- 6444724
TI  - N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binds specifically to a single glutamyl residue of
      the proteolipid subunit of the mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatases from
      Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid subunit of the
      mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatases (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) of
      Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were purified from mitochondria
      incubated with the radioactively labeled inhibitor. The specifically labeled
      subunit was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and N-bromosuccinimide, and the
      resultant fragments were separated by gel chromatography in the presence of 80%
      (vol/vol) formic acid. The N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide label was recovered in
      each organism exclusively in a 17-residue fragment. Further analysis by automated
      solid-phase Edman degradation revealed that the bound label was present at only
      one position, corresponding to a glutamyl residue. The N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-modified glutamyl residue is the only identical acidic
      position in both proteins and occurs in the middle of a hydrophobic sequence of
      about 25 residues.

PMID- 6444725
TI  - An Escherichia coli replication protein that recognizes a unique sequence within
      a hairpin region in phi X174 DNA.
AB  - Protein n', a prepriming DNA replication enzyme of Escherichia coli, is a phi
      X174 DNA-dependent ATPase. Restriction of phi X174 DNA have led to the
      identification of a 55-nucleotide fragment that carries the protein n'
      recognition sequence. Molecular hybridization and sequence analysis have located
      this sequence within the untranslated region between genes F and G, a map
      location analogous to that of the unique complementary strand origin of phage G4
      DNA. Within the 55-nucleotide fragment is a sequence of 44 nucleotides that forms
      a stable hairpin structure. This duplex may be the signal for protein n' to
      initiate the prepriming events that led to the start of phi X174 complementary
      DNA strand replication.

PMID- 6444726
TI  - Plasminogen activator of islets of Langerhans: modulation by glucose and
      correlation with insulin production.
AB  - Islets of Langerhans isolated from rat pancreas contain and secrete plasminogen
      activator (PA). Production of PA is increased up to 15-fold by culture in the
      presence of high concentrations of glucose, and the dose-response curves for the
      effect of glucose on secretion of PA and on insulin are superimposable. Alloxan,
      a diabetogenic agent that is selectively cytotoxic for beta cells, abolishes the
      PA response to glucose. Various agents and hormones that affect beta-cell
      function affect the secretion of PA in a manner parallel to their modulation of
      insulin secretion. These observations suggest that PA is produced by beta cells
      and that enzyme synthesis and secretion are regulated in concert with those of
      the hormone. The potential role of PA and of plasmin in the physiology of the
      islets is considered. In particular, because plasmin cleaves proinsulin to a
      product that is electrophoretically indistinguishable from insulin, it is
      suggested that the PA/plasmin system may play a part in the conversion of
      proinsulin to the active hormone.

PMID- 6444727
TI  - Failure of complete in vivo inhibition of cathepsin D to mitigate the pulmonary
      arthus reaction.

PMID- 6444728
TI  - Effects of dimaprit, prostacyclin, and acetylcholine on renal blood flow and
      function.

PMID- 6444729
TI  - Physiological work performance in chronic low back disability: effects of a
      progressive activity program.
AB  - Fifteen patients were tested before and after treatment in a multifaceted
      inpatient program for chronic low back pain to determine if a gradually
      progressive activity program affected gait performance and physiological
      capacity. Before treatment, all patients demonstrated decreased physiological
      conditioning by higher-than-expected values for oxygen consumption and heart rate
      and by lower-than-normal gait velocity, stride length, and cadence. After
      treatment, an increase in mean walking velocity of 19 meters/minute reflected
      parallel gains in cadence and stride length. Improved mechanical performance
      resulted in improved "energetics." Energy spent per unit of distance walked
      decreased by 18 percent after treatment, providing a useful measure of increased
      physiological efficiency. Results indicated that patients with chronic low back
      disability can derive significant conditioning effects from an exercise program
      based on general function.

PMID- 6444730
TI  - Transdisciplinary therapy model for the infant with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Following a discussion of the motor deficits commonly associated with Down's
      syndrome, a transdisciplinary developmental therapy model is proposed for use
      with infants with Down's syndrome. The model includes components from various
      existing intervention programs for infants as well as some current therapeutic
      appraoches to motor intervention that have not previously been used for patients
      with Down's syndrome. Specific suggestions for clinical research studies designed
      to validate the effects of these various treatment techniques are also included.

PMID- 6444731
TI  - Prosthetic design for a chronic foot deformity.

PMID- 6444732
TI  - Prone positioning rocker for severely disabled persons.

PMID- 6444733
TI  - Rats with spontaneous hypertension: some characteristics of the avoidance
      reaction.

PMID- 6444734
TI  - Reactions of hypothalamic ascorbic acid, serum ceruloplasmin and the
      adenohypophysis to oestradiol: inhibition by L-thyroxine.
AB  - Four weeks' administration of oestradiol benzoate to male and female rats in
      doses of 1 mg twice a week leads to adenohypophyseal hyperplasia and to an
      increase in the thyroxine-binding capacity of the adenohypophyseal proteins in
      vitro. At the same time, serum polyphenol oxidase (ceruloplasmin) activity rises
      and the hypothalamic ascorbic acid concentration falls. The simultaneous
      administration of L-thyroxine (0.1 mg/rat/per day) or dried thyroid (but not D
      thyroxine) significantly inhibits these changes (adenohypophysis, ceruloplasmin)
      or completely suppresses them (hypothalamic ascorbic acid). L-thyroxine evidently
      blocks the action of oestradiol in the adenohypophysis, the liver and the
      hypothalamus; the significance of this inhibition is discussed in relation to
      dopaminergic modulation of the adenohypophyseal reaction to oestradiol.

PMID- 6444735
TI  - Development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. Interaction of reserpine
      and apomorphine.
AB  - The effect of apomorphine (1 mg/kg egg weight) on a base of the pre
      administration of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg e.w.) 30 min or 2 or 4 hours previously
      was studied in chick embryos from the 13th to 19th day of incubation. Only the
      depressant effect of apomorphine was manifested in 13-day embryos. In 15-day
      embryos summation of the depressant effect of both drugs was recorded for the
      first time. In 17-day and especially 19-day embryos apomorphine raised the
      frequency of spontaneous movements high above the level of reserpine-induced
      depression of motor activity. This activating effect of apomorphine depended upon
      the supraspinal parts of the CNS, as it disappeared in 17-day embryos after
      decentralization of the spinal cord (particularly after chronic decapitation). We
      consider these findings to be further experimental evidence of the participation
      of catecholaminergic (in particular dopaminergic) central systems in supraspinal
      control of embryonic motor activity.

PMID- 6444736
TI  - Protective and defensive airway reflexes in premature infants.
AB  - The incidence of respiratory reactions to stimulation of the nasal and
      propharyngeal mucose was studied in 44 newborn premature infants. The inhalation
      of menthol fumes or the administration of drops of Mukoseptonex to the nasal
      mucosa caused transient respiratory arrest or a drop in the respiration rate. The
      heart rate rose during chemical stimulation of the nasal mucosa, possibly in
      association with a general arousal reaction. Mechanical stimulation of the nasal
      mucosal with a nylon fibre elicited an expulsive reaction in 95% of the cases. As
      distinct from experimental animals, sneezing was not preceded by a deep initial
      inspiration. Stimulation of the oropharyngeal region produced transient apnoea in
      24.5% of the cases, in 18% expiratory reactions reminiscent of the expiration
      reflex, in 33% independent, intensive inspiratory reactions and in 24.5% cough.
      Cough from both the oropharyngeal and the laryngeal region had a pronounced
      inspiratory component. Independent inspiratory reactions may to some extent be co
      responsible for the high incidence of aspirations in the neonatal period.

PMID- 6444737
TI  - Protein utilization in correlation to protein intake.
AB  - In a 14-day experiment, weaned and adult rats were given ad libitum isocaloric
      diets with a mounting casein content (5, 10, 15, 25 and 40% by weight) and growth
      parameters of protein biological value, PER and NPR, and the utilization
      parameters NPU (body protein) and LPU (liver protein) were determined together
      with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (gluconeogenetic enzyme) and pyruvate
      kinase (glycolytic enzyme) activity in the animals' liver. The decrease in all
      the biological value parameters in weaned rats on 25% and 40% casein diets and in
      adult rats on 15%, 25% and 40% casein diets shows that these concentrations are
      too high for the organism. The decrease in PER and diminished weight and body and
      liver nitrogen increments in both age groups in animals with a low protein intake
      is evidence that 5% casein is an inadequate concentration. The optimum diet for
      weaned rats is thus a 15% casein diet and for adult rats a 10% casein diet, as
      confirmed by the linear correlation between weight increments, body and liver
      nitrogen and protein intake and also by gluconeogenetic enzyme activity. Under
      the given experimental conditions the study is a contribution to the
      determination of optimum physiological doses of proteins.

PMID- 6444738
TI  - Energy metabolism in the dog's spinal cord after prolonged partial ischaemia and
      recirculation.
AB  - The authors determined the adenine nucleotide concentration in the lumbosacral
      segments of the dog's spinal cord after ligature of the abdominal aorta. They
      found that 80 min ligature produced marked changes in energy metabolism in the
      given region. The changes are probably permanent, since two days after the
      circulation had been renewed the adenine pool was still not completely
      replenished and the energy charge ratio had likewise not returned to control
      values.

PMID- 6444739
TI  - Morphological and functional changes induced by urea treatment in isolated
      crayfish muscle fibres.

PMID- 6444740
TI  - Influence of extravascular pressure on changes induced in vascular resistance in
      the small intestine by elevated venous pressure.
AB  - The influence of the extravascular pressure on the size of the increase in
      vascular resistance after elevation of venous outflow pressure (venous-vasomotor
      response) was studied in an intestinal segment, perfused at a constant rate, in
      anaesthetized dogs. If pressure in the lumen of the intestine was elevated
      (spontaneously, pharmacologically, mechanically) or pressure in the
      plethysmograph was raised, venous-vasomotor responses were either smaller or
      absent. When pressure in the intestinal lumen was raised, blood volume increments
      produced in the segment by elevated venous pressure were significantly smaller
      than those observed in the presence of resting pressure. The presence of a venous
      vasomotor response was correlated to the quantitative relationship between the
      extravascular and the venous pressure. Its induction was dependent on whether the
      outflow venous pressure was higher than the pressure values in the intestinal
      lumen or the plethysmograph; in that case it developed to an extent corresponding
      to the increment in transmural vascular pressure.

PMID- 6444741
TI  - Influence of age and short-term fasting on the activity of mitochondria from
      various parts of the rat CNS.

PMID- 6444742
TI  - Endotoxin-induced changes in the rabbit's blood picture.
AB  - The authors studied changes in the rabbit's blood picture in the first 24 hours
      after the administration of three different doses of endotoxin. The most
      pronounced changes were observed in the white blood component, particularly the
      granulocytes, which almost vanished from the blood stream immediately after the
      endotoxin was injected. In 24 hours granulocytopenia was succeeded by marked
      granulocytosis. Changes in the lymphocytes were smaller; the lymphocyte count
      fell slightly about 3 hours after the injection of endotoxin, but by 24 hours it
      was almost normal again. The platelet count also fell after the administration of
      endotoxin, but the red blood picture remained virtually the same.

PMID- 6444743
TI  - Shortening of presynaptic dense projections produced in the synapses of rat
      cerebral cortex by prolonged repeated hypoxia in early ontogenesis.

PMID- 6444744
TI  - The rise of surgery: from empiric craft to scientific discipline.

PMID- 6444745
TI  - Planning the provision of dental treatment for handicapped persons living at
      home.

PMID- 6444746
TI  - Specific sequestering agents for the actinides. 4. Removal of 238Pu(IV) from mice
      by sulfonated tetrameric catechoyl amides.

PMID- 6444747
TI  - Formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in superinfecting phage lambda
      after ionizing irradiation of Escherichia coli host cells.

PMID- 6444748
TI  - [Tissue radiosensitivity of bank voles living under different ecological
      conditions].

PMID- 6444749
TI  - [Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm disease): a rare cause of calcification
      (author's transl].
AB  - Tangled whorly calcifications were seen in the abdominal subcutaneous tissues of
      a negro patient from Africa. The differential diagnosis of such calcifications -
      rarely observed in Europe - includes a variety of parasities. In this patient,
      dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm disease) was the cause.

PMID- 6444750
TI  - [Experience with computed transmission tomography of the heart in vivo].
AB  - Cardiac computed tomography in its present form provides useful information about
      the heart for clinical use in patients with heart disease and for investigative
      work in such patients and living animals. Its great reconstructive power and
      unmatched density resolution are particularly advantageous in the study of
      ischemic heart disease. Because of its non-invasive character cardiac computed
      tomography has the potential of becoming an effective screening tool for large
      numbers of patients with suspected or known coronary heart disease. Other cardiac
      conditions such as valve disease and congenital lesions can also be examined with
      high diagnostic yield. However presently available scanners suffer from low
      repetion rate, long scan times and the fact that only one transverse cardiac
      level at a time can be obtained. The development which must be accomplished in
      order to eliminate these weaknesses is technically feasible. The availability of
      a dynamic cardiac scanner would greatly benefit the treatment of patients with
      heart disease and facilitate the inquiry into the pathophysiology of such
      diseases.

PMID- 6444751
TI  - [CT and the heart: present state of the art and its future. A review (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Overview of non-invasive cardiac computed tomography (CCT) presently
      technologically feasible--with an outlook on the future. CCT seems to be an
      addition to the cardiodiagnostic imaging spectrum of cardiac isotope scanning and
      cardiosonography already firmly established; and it will probably soon have to
      establish its rank. The indications for CCT already proven and those awaited in
      the future will be systematically analyzed in this presentation. Conventional
      present-day CCT with long scanning times of 3-5 seconds has already provided
      satisfactory clinical information, considering the fact that there is slow motion
      of the damaged area in myocardial disease as experimentally shown by an over 20
      min long arrest of contrast-material (given i.v.) in the infarcted areas. EKG
      gated scanning and reconstruction techniques under development will provide
      better spatial and chronological resolution. However, much development is yet to
      be done, it is to be expected that CCT will eventually render data about the
      function of a specific area of the ventricular wall. Decreased scanning times and
      scanning intervals will provide dynamic studies of cardiac function and allow
      time/concentration examinations. These latter studies will be especially valuable
      to demonstrate the intracavitary cardiac flow in detail.

PMID- 6444752
TI  - The carbohydrates in frog retinal rod outer segments.
AB  - Frog retinal rod outer segments appear to contain uncharacterized chemical
      components whose mass is roughly equivalent to 12--51% of the rhodopsin mass.
      Available data suggest that such components include soluble proteins and complex
      polysaccharides, and that hyaluronic acid accounts for a substantial fraction of
      this mass. Electron microscopic histochemical staining studies suggest that these
      polysaccharide components are located within the ROS disks. The oligosaccharide
      moieties of rhodopsin also appear localized within the disks. The interdisk
      cytoplasm may contain carbohydrates, but their quantity and identity are
      uncertain. Rhodopsin oligosaccharides as well as some fraction of the intradisk
      polysaccharide appear to have extended saccharide chains preferentially oriented
      perpendicular to the surface of the disk membrane. Possible roles for these
      polysaccharides in disk development and photoexcitation are discussed. The
      immediate need for complete rod outer segment chemical composition data is
      emphasized.

PMID- 6444753
TI  - Disability and monstrosity: a look at literary distortions of handicapping
      conditions.

PMID- 6444754
TI  - An evaluation of vocational placement success at a comprehensive rehabilitation
      center: a third measurement.

PMID- 6444755
TI  - There is always at least one!

PMID- 6444756
TI  - Hoists in the home: their recommendation and use.
AB  - The number of hoists recommended from Mary Marlborough Lodge has increased
      considerably between 1970 and 1976. This paper reports on the recommendation of
      hoists and slings for 233 severely disabled patients and the use made of them at
      follow-up by 146 patients. Electric hoists accounted for 42% of all
      recommendations and were more frequently used by patients in their homes than
      manual ones. Manual hosts were more reliable than electric ones but generated a
      greater number of complaints. The selection of hoists and the type of training
      given are considered.

PMID- 6444757
TI  - Caudal block: cost effective primary treatment for back pain.
AB  - Therapeutic caudal block was applied as primary treatment to 81 consecutive
      patients. The 26 who were completely relieved of symptoms were older, were
      predominantly women, and usually had had no previous surgery. Multiple blocks
      were required in some, but there were no complications. Because considerable
      financial benefit accrued to the patients whose pain was relieved, therapeutic
      caudal block is suggested as primary treatment for back or back and leg pain,
      particularly in older patients not previously operated on.

PMID- 6444758
TI  - [Organization of specialized care for patients with cardiovascular pathology].

PMID- 6444759
TI  - [Unity of ideological, work and moral education].

PMID- 6444760
TI  - [Correlation of the population health indices].

PMID- 6444761
TI  - [Home traumatism among persons engaged in agriculture].

PMID- 6444762
TI  - [Occupational background of myocardial infarct patients (based on Leningrad
      hospital data)].

PMID- 6444763
TI  - [Comparative effectiveness of the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis syndromes
      in a polyclinic and in a hospital].

PMID- 6444764
TI  - Objective measurement of L4-5 instability. A case report.
AB  - Segmental instability as a consequence of disc degeneration is presented as an
      entity capable of producing low-back pain which responds to surgical
      stabilization with spinal fusion, and is illustrated with a case report. Data
      from lumbar radiographs were analyzed with a computer, and the position changes
      of the lumbar vertebrae were computed relative to the neutral positions of each.
      The results indicate that segmental instability is a complex disruption of
      intervertebral motion, consistent with the coupling behavior of the spine.

PMID- 6444765
TI  - Prone knee-flexion provocative testing for lumbar disc protrusion.
AB  - A clinical test designed to help differentiate neurologic from axial back and leg
      pain is described. The prone knee-flexion provocative test produces or enhances
      reflex suppression and/or motor weakness secondary to intervertebral disc
      protrusion. The pathophysiology of this test depends on compression of the spinal
      nerves, which may occur from a combination of biomechanical factors secondary to
      lumbar spinal extension. Because this maneuver is required to demonstrate
      evidence of neural compression, the pathologic condition of the disc is probably
      mild to moderate and therefore should respond to conservative therapy.

PMID- 6444766
TI  - Epidural injections for the diagnosis and treatment of low-back pain.
AB  - Three hundred four consecutive patients with low-back pain were given epidural
      anesthetic and steroid injections. A prospective study demonstrated that selected
      patients had 87% short-term success and 34% relief of pain for as long as 6
      months. No patient was cured by these injections. Needle placement during
      epidural injections was incorrect 25% of the time in experienced hands.

PMID- 6444767
TI  - Law for the nurse supervisor. Physical handicaps.

PMID- 6444768
TI  - Common adverse effects of antibacterial agents on major organ systems.
AB  - Antibiotics contribute significantly to the management of the surgical patient.
      However, their potential for adverse effects, both toxic and allergic, must
      always be kept in mind. We have reviewed the major adverse reactions to
      antibiotics, so that side effects may be promptly recognized and treated. Armed
      with this information, the surgeon can more effectively utilize this valuable
      class of drugs for the benefit of the patient.

PMID- 6444769
TI  - Suppressor cells in specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts in ALS-treated,
      marrow-injected mice.
AB  - Lymphoid cells from ALS-treated (C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 (B6AF1) mice bearing enhanced
      C3H/He grafts were assayed for their ability to suppress the response to C3H/He
      grafts after transfer to syngeneic B6AF1 recipients. Cells were transferred from
      ALS-treated B6AF1 mice that had received either a C3H/He graft alone, C3H/He
      marrow alone, or both a graft and marrow. Suppressor cells appeared in the
      spleens of ALS-treated B6AF1 mice that had received either a graft alone or both
      graft and marrow as early as day +13. They persisted only in the spleens of mice
      that had received both a graft and marrow, i.e., mice whose grafts showed
      significant prolongation. Suppressor cells did not appear in the lymph nodes of
      mice bearing enhanced grafts until day +42. Thymocytes and bone marrow cells were
      unable to transfer unresponsiveness. The cells which transferred unresponsiveness
      were specific for the graft donor strain as they did not transfer
      unresponsiveness to third-party grafts. The ability of cells to transfer
      suppression was abrogated by treatment with anti-theta serum.

PMID- 6444770
TI  - Cyclosporin A, a powerful immunosuppressant in vivo and in vitro in the dog,
      fails to induce tolerance.

PMID- 6444771
TI  - Genetic analysis of the cloned genome of phage Mu.

PMID- 6444772
TI  - [Morbidity of nonlymphogranulomatous lymphomas in the Moldavian SSR].
AB  - Under study is the incidence of nonlymphogranulomatous lymphomas in the Moldavian
      SSR for a 10-year period depending on sex, age and nationality.
      Nonlymphogranulomatous lymphomas are more frequently observed among the urban
      population, and more often in males, the age peak among persons of both sex being
      over 60. There is a tendency to the increased incidence of this affection. It may
      be due to a longer patients' survival as a result of introducing some new more
      effective methods of treatment for the given lesion.

PMID- 6444773
TI  - Introductory remarks on ganglioside metabolism.

PMID- 6444774
TI  - The specificity of human N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases towards
      glycosphincolipids is determined by an activator protein.
AB  - It has been very difficult to correlate, on the basis of in vitro measurements of
      substrate specificities, the glycosphingolipid storage patterns observed in
      different variants of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis with the hexosaminidase (hex)
      isoenzyme deficiencies underlying these diseases. However, the in vitro enzyme
      assays included detergents, which greatly enhanced the enzymic degradation of
      lipids by breaking down the large lipid micelles that cannot otherwise be
      attacked by the hydrolases. In vivo, the role of detergent is taken over by water
      soluble, low molecular weight proteins, so-called activators, which bind the
      lipid monomers, thus solubilizing them. It can be shown that the activator
      protein for the enzymic degradation of ganglioside GM2 has a very strong
      preference for hex A over hex B; it also acts on glycolipid GA2 and, to a lesser
      extent, on kidney globoside. This isoenzyme specificity is much less prominent or
      even reversed when detergents are used to solubilize the substrates. The
      substrate specificities of hex A and hex B measured in the presence of sufficient
      amounts of the activator protein most probably reflect the conditions occurring
      in vivo. They can explain the lipid storage patterns observed in different
      variants of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis, especially the accumulation of
      ganglioside GM2 in variant B (where hex B is still present) and the reduced
      storage of GA2 in the same variant as compared to variants O and AB. The
      physiological significance of the activator protein is demonstrated in variant AB
      in which the activator is deficient, resulting in an accumulation of glycolipids
      GM2 and GA2.

PMID- 6444775
TI  - Behavior modification: its application in physical education/motor development
      for children with special needs.

PMID- 6444776
TI  - Clinical and morphological features of human hypertensive-diabetic
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6444777
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: subclassification by m mode echocardiography.

PMID- 6444778
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis after neonatal circumcision.
AB  - A 6-day-old infant had extensive necrotizing fasciitis involving most of the
      abdominal wall develop after circumcision with a Plastibell device (Hollister,
      Inc). He survived this life-threatening infection after vigorous cardiovascular
      support, antibiotic therapy, and aggressive surgical debridement. The diagnosis,
      bacteriology, and management of necrotizing fasciitis are briefly discussed. The
      technical aspects and complications of Gomco (Gomco Surgical Manufacturing Corp)
      and Plastibell circumcision are compared. Strangulation and devitalization of the
      prepuce is invariably associated with Plastibell circumcision, and it may render
      neonates circumcised by this technique more susceptible to serious wound
      infection.

PMID- 6444779
TI  - Studies on the pathogenesis of refractory anemia.
AB  - Nine patients with refractory anemia were studied using the soft agar marrow
      culture assay (CFU-c) to identify granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells.
      Patients' marrows were then cocultured with normal marrow to identify suppressor
      cells that inhibit normal colony formation. Three of nine patients had low colony
      formation and no suppression in coculture. These patients may have a defect
      intrinsic to the marrow granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell, termed type I.
      Three of nine patients had normal colony formation and no suppression in
      coculture, possibly representing a type II defect in the hemopoietic environment.
      Three of nine patients had low colony formation in the CFU-c assay and their
      marrow contained cells that suppressed colony formation by normal marrow in
      coculture. This defect, termed type III, may result from suppressor cells. Thus,
      refractory anemia may be a syndrome resulting from at least three different
      pathogenetic mechanisms involving defects in (1) stem cells, (2) the marrow
      environment or (3) suppressor cells. This may represent one end of the spectrum
      of pancytopenia with diminished cellularity (aplastic anemia) or normal
      cellularity (refractory anemia) resulting from similar mechanisms.

PMID- 6444780
TI  - Children's attitudes toward handicapped peers.
AB  - As services for severely handicapped children become increasingly available
      within neighborhood public schools, children's attitudes toward handicapped peers
      in integrated settings warrant attention. Factor analysis of attitude survey
      responses of 2,392 children revealed four factors underlying attitudes toward
      handicapped peers: social-contact willingness, deviance consequation, and two
      actual contact dimensions. Upper elementary-age children, girls, and children in
      schools with most contact with severely handicapped peers expressed the most
      accepting attitudes. Results of this study suggest the modifiability of
      children's attitudes and the need to develop interventions to facilitate social
      acceptance of individual differences in integrated school settings.

PMID- 6444781
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoid treatment and food restriction on rat hindlimb muscles.
AB  - Various metabolic, histochemical, and contractile measurements were made on
      soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of adult rats treated with triamcinolone
      acetonide (1 mg . kg-1 . day-1 for 6 wk), and compared to similar measurements in
      pair-fed and control animals. Contractile measurements were performed in situ
      under pentobarbital anesthesia. Gastrocnemius muscles from steroid-treated rats
      showed higher twitch and tetanic tensions when expressed in grams/gram of muscle,
      compared to control rats. Similar, although less marked, trends occurred in the
      less atrophied gastrocnemius muscles from pair-fed rats. Soleus muscles from
      steroid-treated rats exhibited significantly higher (139% of control) twitch
      tension (grams/gram of muscle), and elevated twitch/tetanus ratios, compared to
      control and pair-fed groups. No alterations occurred in muscle contractile speed
      in either muscle. The greater atrophy of fast compared to slow fiber types in
      gastrocnemius muscles under both experimental conditions did not occur in the
      soleus, a predominantly slow-twitch muscle. The atrophic and contractile
      responses of fast and slow muscles to these two conditions were quantitatively as
      well as qualitatively different.

PMID- 6444783
TI  - Adaptation of left ventricle to chronic pressure overload: response to inotropic
      drugs.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) force-generating capacity was determined in eight
      anesthetized dogs with pressure-overload hypertrophy. Length-contractile force
      (CF) curves recorded from the LV with a modified Walton-Brodie arch were
      displaced upward from control. However, when CF was normalized for LV wall
      thickness changes accompanying hypertrophy and expressed as g/cm2, the length-CF
      curve was depressed compared to normal. The CF response to isoproterenol and
      calcium was depressed in dogs with hypertrophy; however, the CF response to
      ouabain was not different from control. Taken collectively these findings suggest
      that pressure-overload hypertrophy is associated with a depressed force
      generating capacity per unit cross section of myocardium at any given muscle
      length, i.e., a depressed inotropic state, but that the hypertrophied LV has a
      greater than normal force-generating capacity due to an increased number of
      weaker cross-sectional units. Further, the depressed inotropic state is not
      associated with augmented plasma norepinephrine levels. Therefore, adaptation of
      the LV to pressure overload is by cardiac hypertrophy alone.

PMID- 6444782
TI  - Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion from isolated perfused rat and
      chicken pancreas-duodenum.
AB  - Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion were evaluated in the following
      isolated perfused models: rat pancreas-duodenum (both normal and streptozotocin
      diabetic animals) and the chicken pancreas with and without duodenum. Insulin
      secretion in response to glucose or arginine was greater from the normal rat than
      either the diabetic rat or the chicken. Glucagon release from both species was
      suppressed by glucose and stimulated by arginine except that poor inhibition by
      glucose was found in the diabetic rat. Somatostatin could be measured in the
      effluent from both normal and diabetic rats, but the responses to glucose and
      arginine were variable and modest. Clear increases of secretion in the rat were
      only observed in response to a combination of glucose, arginine, theophylline,
      and isoproterenol. In contrast, the chicken somatostatin secretion was markedly
      stimulated by glucose and by arginine. In conclusion, the perfused chicken
      pancreas-duodenum has been shown to secrete large amounts of somatostatin in
      comparison to the rat and should prove to be a useful system for the study of D
      cell regulation.

PMID- 6444784
TI  - Fallibility of postoperative Doppler ankle pressures in determining the adequacy
      of proximal arterial revascularization.
AB  - Twenty-three consecutive patients with limb-threatening ischemia underwent
      proximal arterial revascularization. In all patients Doppler ankle pressure was
      measured hourly in the postoperative period. In 16 limbs with patent superficial
      femoral arteries, the pressure index increased from 0.55 +/- 0.06 to 0.78 +/-
      0.06 within the 1st hour postoperatively. Twenty limbs with occluded superficial
      femoral arteries, did not demonstrate a significant increase until 3 hours
      postoperatively (from 0.41 +/- 0.06 to 0.62 +/- 0.05). Immediate improvement in
      the Doppler pressure index is to be expected in patients with isolated aortoiliac
      disease who undergo successful arterial reconstruction. Failure to demonstrate
      such improvement is diagnostic of an intraoperative accident. Lack of immediate
      improvement in patients with combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease
      should not be construed as evidence of intraoperative failure. With 3 to 4 hours,
      however, the ankle/arm pressure ratio should exceed the preoperative value. The
      failure to do so within that interval is strongly suggestive of inadequate
      revascularization, and in most cases immediate operative revision or the later
      addition of a distal bypass procedure will be necessary.

PMID- 6444785
TI  - Kinking of a Warren shunt as a cause of recurrent variceal hemorrhage.
AB  - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after portal decompression requires appropriate
      endoscopic and radiologic evaluation for unrelated causes. Splenoportography may
      be more definitive than selective visceral angiography and in the present case
      showed a patent but kinked venovenous anastomosis with a high splenic pulp
      pressure. A mesocaval interposition shunt controlled the hemorrhage. Various
      technical factors responsible for anastomotic narrowing and kinking of the Warren
      shunt are briefly mentioned.

PMID- 6444787
TI  - A call for action on behalf of children.

PMID- 6444786
TI  - Muscle relaxation during abdominal surgery.
AB  - A self-retaining surgical retractor has been modified by incorporating a strain
      gauge device linked to a digital display meter. This instrument is capable of
      continuously monitoring abdominal wall relaxation during surgery and should prove
      useful in a variety of routine and investigative procedures.

PMID- 6444788
TI  - A continuous fluorimetric assay for glycosidase activity: human N-acetyl-beta-D
      hexosaminidase.

PMID- 6444789
TI  - Multiple organ failure: clinical and experimental.
AB  - The clinical scenario of multiple organ failure (MOF) is reviewed and its
      frequent correlation with sepsis emphasized. It is hypothesized that MOF is
      produced by the formation of immune complexes (IC) in response to infection with
      deposition on organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney. Such immune complexes
      trap macrophages which can directly damage endothelium. Such a pathologic picture
      is in keeping with that of MOF. Granular deposits of IgG, IgM, C3, C5, and
      fibrinogen have been identified in the organs of four patients dying of MOF and
      sepsis. Similar deposits have been identified using fluorescent antibody stains
      in the organs of rabbits following cecal perforation. It is hypothesized that
      sepsis may produce organ failure at a distance from the site of infection via
      deposits of immune complexes.

PMID- 6444790
TI  - Side effects of ibuprofen.

PMID- 6444791
TI  - Assignment of the gene locus for human phosphoglucomutase 3 to chromosome 6q12
      qter.
AB  - Segregation of human PGM3 has been analyzed in somatic cell hybrids between mouse
      A9 cells and human fibroblasts carrying a reciprocal translocation: 46,XX, t(6;7)
      (q12;p14). The enzyme marker segregates with the 7p+ chromosome indicating that
      the PGM3 gene is located on 6q12 greater than qter.

PMID- 6444792
TI  - Startle epilepsy complicating Down syndrome during adulthood.
AB  - A woman with Down syndrome--a trisomy 21 karyotype--developed severe startle
      epilepsy and spontaneous seizures at the age of 20 years. Triggering factors,
      seizure patterns, and ictal electroencephalograms were the same as in startle
      epilepsy occurring in children with cerebral palsy but differed in that there was
      no clinical or radiological evidence of a focal brain lesion in the vicinity of
      the motor supplementary cortex. A therapeutic trial with clonazepam substantially
      reduced the frequency of reflex-induced and spontaneous seizures.

PMID- 6444793
TI  - Rheumatoid disease with encephalopathy.
AB  - A 63-year-old woman developed progressive rheumatoid disease complicated by a
      confusional state as well as persistent cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and
      hypoglycorrhachia. Neuropathological examination revealed extensive rheumatoid
      lesions in the cranial dura, falx, and choroid plexus. The choroid plexus has not
      been affected in any of the 16 previously reported cases of pathologically
      verified rheumatoid disease of the central nervous system. The findings in this
      patient support the observations of others regarding the role of the choroid
      plexus in development of CNS manifestations in systemic immune complex disease.

PMID- 6444794
TI  - Photochemical redox transformations of dimers of NAD+ and N'-methylnicotinamide.

PMID- 6444795
TI  - Monomeric malate synthase from a thermophilic Bacillus. Molecular and kinetic
      characteristics.

PMID- 6444796
TI  - Immunological dissimilarity of the calcium pump protein of skeletal and cardiac
      muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6444797
TI  - Selective repair of neonatal gastroschisis based on degree of visceroabdominal
      disproportion.
AB  - Based on 14 years' experience with the surgical repair of gastroschisis abdominal
      wall defects in 32 infants at the UCLA Hospital, certain aspects of care evolved
      which have served to reduce the overall long-term mortality to 6.2%. The severity
      of gastroschisis defects appears to be related to the length of time the
      eviscerated intestine has been exposed to amniotic fluid, and the degree of
      vascular obstruction to the viscera. In contrast to reports by previous authors
      recommending a specific operative technique for all infants with this
      malformation, we believe that choice of the optimal surgical repair depends on
      the degree of disproportion between the size of the eviscerated intestine and the
      size of the abdominal cavity. Three of the 32 patients with minimal disproportion
      underwent primary skin and muscle closure followed by early recovery. Twenty
      seven who had primary skin flap closure later underwent secondary ventral hernia
      repair within six to 12 months. Two of the 32 infants had severe viscerobadominal
      disproportion and required temporary prosthesis coverage in addition to extensive
      skin flaps during the primary repair. The low morbidity and mortality following
      gastroschisis repair are apparently related to these factors: avoiding undue
      compression of the viscera; early coverage of the contaminated viscera with skin
      or muscle to minimize infection; careful supportive perioperative management to
      maintain body heat and provide adequate fluid repletion; and the infusion of
      intravenous hyperalimentation solutions during the lengthy period of post
      operative ileus. Prosthetic materials should be reserved for more complex
      abdominal wall reconstruction in infants who have severe visceroabdominal
      disproportion.

PMID- 6444798
TI  - Extensive arterial aneurysm formation proximal to ligated arteriovenous fistula.
AB  - As a result of abnormal flow patterns and hyperdynamic flow in arteries proximal
      to an arteriovenous fistula a particular susceptibility to atherosclerotic
      changes and aneurysmal deterioration develops. In the following report two
      patients are presented in which chronic arteriovenous fistulas existed for 15 and
      33 years prior to correction. Each patient developed extensive and progressive
      aneurysmal dilation of the proximal arterial tree and subsequently required
      surgical resection and graft replacement.

PMID- 6444799
TI  - Control of blood flow in a large surface wound.
AB  - To study the factors which control the increased blood flow to a large
      granulating wound, Doppler flow probes were implanted around the external iliac
      arteries bilaterally in 20-40 kg goats. Following operative recovery and basal
      measurements, skin was excised from one hind limb. Blood flow in the injured leg
      of five awake, resting goats rose above that of the uninjured leg by the fourth
      postoperative day and plateaued at 70-90% above uninjured leg flows for the next
      two weeks. The increase in injured leg blood flow was associated in time with the
      formation of a highly vascularized wound. This increased blood flow to the
      injured leg persisted in 11 anesthetized goats studied 9-12 days postinjury (186
      +/- 27 ml/minute versus 107 +/- 19, p < 0.01, mean +/- SEM). Substrate turnover
      revealed that elevated blood flow to the injured leg was not the result of
      increased oxygen consumption, but was associated with increased glucose uptake
      (7.8 +/- 1.1 mg/minute versus 2.7 +/- 0.6, p < 0.001) and lactate release (3.6 +/
      1.3 mg/minute versus 1.1 +/- 0.7, p < 0.05). Limitations in oxygen delivery
      failed to explain the increased blood flow to the injured leg, since raising
      arterial PO(2) or exposing the leg to a high oxygen environment had no effect on
      limb perfusion. Although lactate and potassium, both potential vasodilators, were
      elevated in the femoral vein blood from the injured leg, a series of cross
      perfusion studies failed to reduce vascular resistance in another leg on the same
      or a second uninjured animal. Additional studies revealed that changes in leg
      vascular resistance were markedly diminished in the injured leg following
      hemorrhage, spinal anesthesia, or intravenous infusion of epinephrine or
      norepinephrine. These studies of large granulating wounds reveal: 1) elevated
      injured leg flow is not the result of local hypoxia; 2) any wound vasodilators
      have no impact on systemic circulation; 3) the wound vasculature appears
      relatively insensitive to circulating and neurogenic vasomotor drives.

PMID- 6444800
TI  - Experimental comparison of the thrombogenicity of fibrin and PTFE flow surfaces.
AB  - Two types of 4 mm ID prostheses were studied in the carotid arteries of the dog.
      These were noncrimped polypropylene-supported filamentous velour knitted Dacron
      (PPSFV) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE, Gore-Tex). Thrombus-"Free"
      Surface TFS) areas and patency rates were determined at the end of the implant
      periods. One series of implants was subjected to controlled low flow rates for
      six hours; another was exposed to physiologic flow rates and observed at seven
      days, 14 days, and 12 weeks. At six hours the filamentous Dacron, preclotted
      according to a specific regimen utilizating heparin, performed as well as, and
      possibly better than, e-PTFE. The Gore-Tex developed surface coagulum in an
      irregular fashion which was related to graft wetting and blood soakage. Seven-day
      TFS scores and patency rates of the two graft types were comparable at
      physiologic flow rates. At two weeks, TFS scores and patency rates of the two
      graft types were comparable at physiologic flow rates. At two weeks, TFS scores
      and patency rates dropped. This was sufficiently marked in the case of e-PTFE
      that longer-term implants were not done. However, PPSFV grafts were implanted for
      12 weeks, and all grafts examined at that time had closed. It appears that
      patency of 4 mm ID grafts of this construction will not be reliably attained in
      the dog carotid artery without the use of platelet-inhibitory drugs until
      complete healing has occurred.

PMID- 6444801
TI  - A primate model for the study of the interaction of 111In-labeled baboon
      platelets with Dacron arterial prostheses.
AB  - This paper presents early experience with a primate model for the noninvasive
      study of the interaction of circulating platelets with healing arterial
      prostheses. These experiments demonstrate that baboon platelets can be isolated
      and labeled with 111Indium with high efficiency using a sterile technique.
      Platelets subjected to this process have a linear life span similar to that of
      51Chromium-labeled baboon platelets. The high energy gamma emission of 111Indium
      oxine allows for external scanning using a standard gamma camera. The small
      quantity of 111Indium-labeled platelets in the region of the graft can be
      discriminated from the surrounding blood vessel and quantitated by gamma camera
      imaging and computer analysis. There was a significant increase in the platelet
      deposition on prosthetic surfaces observed 5--48 hours after graft implantation
      and injection of 111Indium-labeled autologous platelets.

PMID- 6444802
TI  - Cardiac ischemia and cardiac hypertrophy. An autopsy study.
AB  - In 50 selected postmortem examinations, the degree of roentgenographic coronary
      arterial stenosis was correlated with various heart and chamber weights. An
      important relationship was demonstrated between increasing arterial narrowing and
      total heart muscle weight, particularly when patients with known hypertension or
      valvular disease were excluded. The relationship held true for individual chamber
      weights, suggesting that ischemia is associated with whole heart hypertrophy
      rather than simple left ventricular enlargement. No definite association could be
      demonstrated between left ventricular weight and any measurement of blood
      pressure.

PMID- 6444803
TI  - The question of right ventricular hypertrophy in sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - The relative weight of the free wall of the cardiac right ventricle was
      ascertained in 177 instances of the sudden infant death syndrome and 30 control
      infants who had died either in accidents (ten) or of fulminant illness (20). In
      contrast to the observations of Naeye et al in this regard, these victims of crib
      death did not exhibit right ventricular hypertrophy. Other evidence to support
      Naeye et al's contention that such infants are morphologically demonstrably
      different from normal is well documented. Hence, the significance of this
      discrepancy between our findings and theirs is unclear.

PMID- 6444805
TI  - On precise language.

PMID- 6444804
TI  - Fetal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs. Detailed pathological study of a case.
AB  - Autopsy findings are discussed of a 23-month-old child exposed in utero to
      anticonvulsant therapy. Major abnormalities were confined to the heart and brain.
      The former consisted of massive biventricular hypertrophy with chamber
      obliteration. Except for generalized cerebral gliosis, the abnormalities in the
      brain were confined to the cerebellum, where malformation of the dentate nuclei,
      neuronal heterotopias, and abnormalities of Purkinje's cell dendrites were found.
      These findings lend further evidence for anticonvulsant teratogenicity.

PMID- 6444806
TI  - [Clinical morphological characteristics of intravascular coagulation in
      glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Clinical and morphologic signs of intravascular coagulation have been studied in
      63 patients with primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and in 19 patients with
      nephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.  A relationship between
      the frequency of fibrin deposition in the kidneys and severity of clinical signs
      and marked morphologic changes in GN has been revealed.  Signs of local
      hypercoagulation are of prognostic significance.  A more favourable prognosis is
      characteristic for patients who show nor fibrin deposition in the renal tissue
      and whose fibrinolytic system provides an adequate reaction.

PMID- 6444807
TI  - Individual needs in oral contraception.
AB  - Individual women may respond differently to the same oral contraceptive
      formulation. The lowest effective dose should be used, and three months should be
      allowed before any change. Full information about risks and benefits allows a
      woman to make her own decision about contraceptive method, and may reduce the
      impact of the many articles which exaggerate and overemphasize the risks of oral
      contraception.

PMID- 6444808
TI  - Prescribing an oral contraceptive for the individual woman.
AB  - It is possible to find a formulation suitable to almost any woman requesting oral
      contraception. Low dosage and strong affinity for target cell receptors are
      important in the selection of the appropriate agent. Details are given of an
      extensive clinical trial of a biphasic formulation containing ethinyloestradiol
      and levonorgestrel.

PMID- 6444809
TI  - The techniques of selective placement of factory employees with major physical
      disabilities.
AB  - The effective placement and continued safe employment of individuals with major
      physical handicaps, is one of the greatest rewards for much previous devoted work
      by individuals of different industrial teams and the ultimate integration of
      their techniques.

PMID- 6444810
TI  - The influence of alcohol and cigarettes on invalidity retirement.
AB  - A survey of invalidity retirements under the Commonwealth Government
      superannuation scheme showed that the most common medical disabilities were
      anxiety/depressive neurosis (35%) and ischaemic heart disease (21%). At the time
      of retirement, an adverse effect on their health was noted from alcohol in 11%
      and from cigarette smoking in 16% of people.

PMID- 6444811
TI  - Industrial dermatitis.
AB  - Dermatitis is a common problem in industrial workers, resulting in disability
      varying from discomfort to permanent incapacity. Authorities concerned with skin
      disease and industrial health should cooperate to give more attention to
      understanding and management of this problem.

PMID- 6444812
TI  - Investigation of flow rates of oxygen systems used in general aviation.
AB  - Flow rates of two general aviation constant flow oxygen systems were tested at
      altitude using a Ted Nelson flow meter and using timed flow into a volume bag.
      Contrary to the manufacturer's claim, the Rajay SK-10 system was not altitude
      compensated and provided a flow rate of about 2.2 1/min independent of altitude.
      The Scott system provided the stated 2.5 l/min with the standard connector and 8
      l/min with the "green" connector, the significance of the color code being not
      widely understood. The conclusions of the 1975 report on oxygen mask performance
      should be revised according to these flow data. The Ted Nelson flow meter
      performed within its stated accuracy.

PMID- 6444813
TI  - Differential autolysis of human and canine plasmins.

PMID- 6444814
TI  - Inhibition of calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum after modification of
      highly reactive amino groups.

PMID- 6444815
TI  - Identification of calmodulin-like activity in human seminal plasma.

PMID- 6444816
TI  - Effect of beta-diethylaminoethyl-diphenylpropylacetate HCl (SKF 525-A) on canine
      heart mitochondrial function.

PMID- 6444817
TI  - The effect of halothane on the stability of Ca2+ transport activity of isolated
      fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6444818
TI  - Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. V. T
      cell suppressor function and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction during active
      and inactive phases of disease.

PMID- 6444819
TI  - Suppressor cell loss and dysfunction in mixed connective tissue disease.
AB  - Of 11 patients with untreated mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who were
      studied, all had decreased circulating T gamma cells, and all but one had
      decreased suppressor cell function of T cells on B cells, determined by a reverse
      hemolytic plaque-cell assay. Results in 21 normal subjects were significantly,
      different. Incubation of mononuclear cells from MCTD patients in purified anti
      ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP) IgG resulted in further decrease in their suppressor
      function. Decrease of T gamma cells and their suppressor function may be due to
      in vivo penetration of anti-RNP antibody into T gamma cells, causing their
      deletion.

PMID- 6444820
TI  - Systemic eczematous contact dermatitis due to the ethylenediamine fraction of
      aminophylline.

PMID- 6444821
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of malarian infections by the National Malaria Eradication
      Service (SNEM) of Costa Rica].

PMID- 6444822
TI  - [Surveillance and control of diseases caused by Arboviruses in California].

PMID- 6444823
TI  - [A method for using the health auxiliares in direct patient care].

PMID- 6444824
TI  - [Prevention and control of bovine rhinotracheitis infection].

PMID- 6444825
TI  - [Use and abuse of alcohol and drugs: various aspects of their clinical
      interrelationships].

PMID- 6444826
TI  - [Methods for the control of water pollution].

PMID- 6444827
TI  - [Hand washing for the prevention of nosocomial infections].

PMID- 6444828
TI  - Natural history of left bundle-branch block.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with the development
      of complete left bundle-branch block and the prognosis in a group of people not
      in hospital, who had no clinical evidence of ischaemic or valvular heart disease.
      Twenty-nine cases of left bundle-branch block without clinical evidence of
      ischaemic heart disease were noted in the Manitoba cohort of 3983 men under
      observation since 1948. The most frequent electrocardiographic finding before
      development of left bundle-branch block was a normal electrocardiogram; left
      ventricular hypertrophy though infrequent, was the only abnormality significantly
      more common than in the rest of the group. The development of left bundle-branch
      block was associated with distinct leftward shift of the frontal plane mean QRS
      axis. The most frequent clinical cardiovascular event observed after development
      of the block was sudden death without previous clinical evidence of ischaemic
      heart disease. The five-year incidence of sudden death as the first manifestation
      of heart disease was 10 times greater in men with left bundle-branch block than
      in those without it.

PMID- 6444829
TI  - Left ventricular hypertrophy in presence of complete left bundle-branch block.

PMID- 6444830
TI  - Effect of hormone manipulation on oxidation, reduction and sulphurylation of
      dehydroepiandrosterone and oestrone in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours.
AB  - Using the DMBA-induced mammary tumour as a model, the effect of hormone
      manipulation on steroid sulphurylation and on oxidative and reductive metabolism
      has been investigated. Oestradiol-17 beta, or oestradiol-17 beta + progesterone,
      administered to oophorectomized animals, had no effect on adenosine-3'-phosphate
      5'-phosphosulphate formation in the tumours. Dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphotransferase was also unaffected. A large increase in oestrogen
      sulphotransferase following administration of oestrogen + progesterone was
      observed in some but not all tumours, and the overall results were not statically
      significant. The major metabolities of dehydroepiandrosterone, by both human and
      carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumours in vitro, are 7-oxygenated derivatives.
      Oestrogen administration led to a significantly decreased production of total 7
      oxygenated derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone. Conversion to 5-androstene-3
      beta, 17 beta-diol was unaffected by the hormones. The rate of formation of
      oestradiol-17 beta from oestrone was increased 5-fold in growing tumours from
      animals receiving oestrogen, or oestrogen + progesterone, compared to regressing
      tumours in oophorectomized control animals.

PMID- 6444831
TI  - Rupture of spleen at laparoscopy. Case report.
AB  - The induction of pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic sterilization caused
      distortion and stretching of perisplenic adhesions resulting in splenic rupture
      and a haemoperitoneum.

PMID- 6444832
TI  - Effects of calmodulin on the phosphoenzyme of the Ca2+-ATPase of human red cell
      membranes.
AB  - Comparison of the effects of calmodulin on the Ca2+-ATPase activity and on the
      steady-state level of the phosphoenzyme, indicates that activation of the Ca2+
      ATPase is mainly due to an increase in the turnover of the phosphoenzyme and does
      not require occupation of the regulatory site of the Ca2+-ATPase by ATP.

PMID- 6444833
TI  - Extraordinary stability of the receptor of bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - The phage lambda receptor, previously shown to be a major outer membrane protein
      of Mr = 47 000 in maltose-grown Escherichia coli K12 (Braun, V. and Krieger
      Brauer, H.J. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 469, 89--98), was found to be
      unusually resistant against the denaturants sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea and
      guanidine hydrochloride. A new isolation procedure for active phage lambda
      receptor, based on its resistance against pronase and hot sodium dodecyl sulfate,
      is described. The electrophoretic mobility of phage lambda receptor in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels is abnormal even after heating in 2% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, as is demonstrated by a Ferguson analysis. Phage lambda receptor
      in its active form sediments with a Svedberg constant of 8.4 +/- 0.4, which
      indicates an oligomeric structure of the phage lambda receptor.

PMID- 6444834
TI  - Summation of excitation and inhibition in a second order sensory neuron
      investigated by computer simulation.
AB  - Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurones adequately activated by primary
      afferents from the muscle spindles in one muscle in the hindleg of the cat, is
      regularly inhibited by primary afferents from other muscles. The inhibitory input
      causes a constant reduction in firing frequency independent of the excitatory
      drive of the cell. In a simple model the effects of presynaptic inhibition and of
      postsynaptic inhibition with different time course of the inhibitory action, have
      been explored. Within the scope of this model, only postsynaptic inhibition with
      a very long time-constant could explain the experimental results. It is suggested
      that the inhibitory action is transmitted to the DSCT-cell through a number of
      synapses distributed over the dendrites.

PMID- 6444835
TI  - [Anthropoligic features of the male population of the arid zone of the USSR].

PMID- 6444836
TI  - The use of flexible carbon fibre in the repair of experimental large abdominal
      incisional hernias.
AB  - Ventral hernia was induced surgically in sheep and either left unrepaired (5
      animals), repaired with plastic mesh (20 animals) or with carbon fibre (20
      animals). In unrepaired animals the hernia persisted. Three hernias recurred in
      the group repaired with plastic mesh, 2 as a consequence of sepsis. All the
      hernias repaired with carbon fibre remained sound over periods varying from 8
      months to 2 years. There was a gradual invasion of the carbon fibres by
      collagenous tissue and thus a transition from one to the other of the stress of
      maintaining the abdominal wall intact.

PMID- 6444837
TI  - Clindamycin in the treatment of soft tissue infections: a review of 15 019
      patients.
AB  - A retrospective survey of 15 019 patients treated with clindamycin for a soft
      tissue infection was carried out to determine whether the incidence of serious
      side effects was sufficient to preclude the continuing use of this antibiotic.
      Thirteen patients were found to have had severe diarrhoea and 2 of these required
      inpatient treatment for pseudomembranous colitis. Certain limitations of the use
      of clindamycin are suggested but, in view of the recently improved understanding
      of the nature of pseudomembranous colitis and more effective methods of treatment
      of this complication, it is concluded that this antibiotic still has a useful
      role to play in the treatment of acute soft tissue infection.

PMID- 6444838
TI  - [Hormone involvement in the process of adaptation of the heart to increased work
      load (author's transl)].

PMID- 6444839
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase and ATPase activities of rat bone: separation and
      characterization.
AB  - Extraction with Triton X-100 has proved effective in solubilizing alkaline
      phosphatase from rat bone particles, whereas ATPase with optimum activity at pH 8
      remains attached to the bone particles. The kinetic characteristics of the ATPase
      activity of the Triton extracts are different from those of the same enzyme
      attached to bone particles, but the kinetic characteristics of the particle-bound
      and solubulized alkaline phosphatases are similar. The results suggest that the
      Triton extracts do not have true ATPase activity and provide a means of
      separating the ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities.

PMID- 6444840
TI  - Sticky fissure management. 30-month report.

PMID- 6444841
TI  - Chemically polymerized sealant in preventing occlusal caries.

PMID- 6444842
TI  - Irradiation as an etiologic factor in tumours of the thyroid, parathyroid and
      salivary glands.
AB  - Irradiation to the head and neck region, usually of low dosage, results in an
      increased frequency of thyroid, parathyroid and salivary gland tumours. The
      authors have reviewed their experience with these tumours. Fifty of 475 patients
      with carcinoma of the thyroid had received previous irradiation. Papillary or
      mixed papillar-follicular carcinoma occurred most commonly. Eleven of 100
      patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had been irradiated and had a
      parathyroid adenoma. Twenty of 662 patients with salivary gland tumours had
      previously been irradiated. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common tumour.
      Patients who have been irradiated and have a palpable abnormality of the thyroid
      or the salivary glands should be treated surgically. The various noninvasive
      tests are of little value in distinguishing between a benign and a malignant
      tumour. Those with hypercalcemia, considered to be due to primary
      hyperparathyroidism, should be treated by exploration of the neck, identification
      of the four parathyroid glands and excision of an adenoma with biopsy of the
      three remaining glands. If more than one gland is abnormal, a subtotal
      parathyroidectomy is recommended.

PMID- 6444843
TI  - Genetic disorders and the unborn: the need to know?

PMID- 6444844
TI  - Inhibition of in vitro antibody synthesis by cyclophosphamide-induced suppressor
      cells.

PMID- 6444846
TI  - Cell-mediated lympholysis by fetal and neonatal lymphocytes in sheep and man.

PMID- 6444845
TI  - Suppressor T cells in thymus-reconstituted nude mice: regulation of mitogen
      induced transformation.

PMID- 6444847
TI  - Transfer of agammaglobulinemia in the chicken. I. Generation of suppressor
      activity by injection of bursa cells.

PMID- 6444848
TI  - Bovine liver beta-acetylhexosaminidase molecular weight and subunit composition.

PMID- 6444849
TI  - Towards a tailored measure of parental attitudes: an approach to the evaluation
      of one aspect of intervention projects with parents of handicapped children.
AB  - One important aspect of early intervention projects involving parents of
      handicapped children, namely changes in parental attitudes, would seem to have
      been elusive to study. This paper describes an approach to measurement in this
      area in which the measure is constructed around the specified objectives of the
      project under investigation. An outline is given of the process by which a
      Maternal Self-Rating Scale was devised, together with a description of the Scale
      and evidence regarding its usefulness within an evaluative study.

PMID- 6444850
TI  - Home teaching in the North-West: a pilot survey.
AB  - The home teaching services in three counties and two metropolitan districts in
      the north-west were surveyed. A questionnaire was used to gather information
      relating to the number of children and range and types of problems referred,
      organization and staffing, and changes and developments in the services. Wide
      differences were found among the individual education authorities in these
      various aspects of home tuition. Although home teaching demands high professional
      skills it does not offer an attractive career structure and is very largely
      staffed by part-time women teachers.

PMID- 6444851
TI  - The effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on depressed conduction and unidirectional
      block in sheep Purkinje fibers.
AB  - We studied the effect of therapeutic concentrations of lidocaine, procainamide,
      quinidine, propranolol, and diphenylhydantoin on two models of depressed
      conduction and unidirectional block produced by asymmetric focal cooling and
      crushing in sheep Purkinje fibers. All drugs were shown to induce reversible
      deterioration of conduction. Unidirectional block was converted to bidirectional
      block with each drug. Improvement of conduction was rare and conversion of
      unidirectional block to bidirectional conduction never was observed. These
      experiments suggest that all five drugs may act by a uniform mechanism of action
      in some reentrant ventricular arrhythmias involving a zone of depressed
      conduction or unidirectional block within the Purkinje network.

PMID- 6444852
TI  - Metabolism of complex carbohydrates by fibroblasts from rheumatic and normal
      human subjects.

PMID- 6444853
TI  - The initial chest x-ray in acute myocardial infarction. Prediction of early and
      late mortality and survival.

PMID- 6444854
TI  - Exercise capacity in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - Normal or near-normal exercise capacity has been thought to reflect normal left
      ventricular function. Many compensatory mechanisms could preserve exercise
      capacity in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. We evaluated
      exercise capacity using a treadmill exercise test in 26 patients with severe left
      ventricular dysfunction defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% or
      less by isotope ventriculography. One half of the patients had normal exercise
      capacity and a normal cardiothoracic ratio on chest x-ray. This study indicates
      that traditional predictors of left ventricular function that have been widely
      used in clinical evaluation of the patients with cardiac disease (cardiothoracic
      ratio and exercise capacity) can be normal in a significant number of patients
      with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Thus, left ventricular function cannot
      be accurately estimated using these traditional predictors and should be assessed
      quantitatively. The isotope ventriculogram appears to be ideal for this purpose.

PMID- 6444855
TI  - Assessment of ventricular wall thickness in vivo by computed transmission
      tomography.

PMID- 6444856
TI  - Taurine transport in epilepsy.
AB  - Previous studies of plasma taurine concentrations in epileptics have yielded
      equivocal results. We measured plasma and urinary taurine in 41 epileptic and 68
      control subjects and found plasma concentrations among epileptics to be
      comparable in general to those of controls, but that two or three classes of
      plasma taurine concentrations, possibly genetically regulated, occur in both
      epileptic and control subjects. Our previous studies and data from the present
      study on taurine excretion revealed three excretion classes under genetic
      control. The principal finding is that epileptics include disproportionate
      numbers of low excretors (high reabsorbers), who are presumptive homozygotes for
      the allele effecting higher reabsorption. If confirmed, these findings suggest
      that the transport of taurine, rather than absolute taurine concentration, may
      explain the efficacy of taurine administration in some epileptics but not in
      others. The locus involved may be one component in the polygenic diathesis to the
      idiopathic epilepsies.

PMID- 6444857
TI  - A cytogenetic survey of 449 patients in a Japanese institution for the mentally
      retarded.
AB  - A cytogenetic survey was carried out on 449 patients (261 males and 188 females)
      in an institution for the mentally retarded in Japan. A total of 37 patients
      (8.1%) were shown to have chromosome abnormalities. There were 33 individuals
      (7.3%) with 21 trisomy. In addition, we found one patient with 46,XY/47,XY,+12p,
      one with 46,XY,r(22), and one with 45,XY,-13,-14,+t(13q14q). Only one female was
      found to have an abnormal sex chromosome constitution, 47,XXX. The significant
      contribution of chromosome abnormalities in the etiology of mental retardation is
      also shown in the present survey. The most common chromosome abnormality was 21
      trisomy, as seen in other similar surveys.

PMID- 6444858
TI  - Sterilization via the mini-laparotomy technique.

PMID- 6444859
TI  - Salamanders and the evolution of the major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 6444860
TI  - An immunologic network.
AB  - The immune system is a complex network of molecules and cells specifically
      connected by the complementarity of receptors for antigen and receptors for
      receptors. The network includes multiple positive- and negative-feedback loops,
      which modulate the type, magnitude, and duration of responses. The great
      challenge is to devise ways to manipulate the system specifically to induce
      effective autoimmunity to cancer, to prevent allograft rejection, and to turn off
      undesirable responses in allergies and autoimmune diseases. Recognition of the
      immune system as a network helps to explain why these objectives are so difficult
      and why manipulation of multiple components to achieve desired regulation may be
      required. But presumably manipulation must be focused on connectivity between
      receptor for epitope and receptor for receptor to achieve a high degree of
      specific regulation.

PMID- 6444861
TI  - Double-blind comparison of two similar lotion formulations, one without and the
      other with hydrocortisone acetate ('Actinac') in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized trial was carried out in 44 patients with acne
      vulgaris to assess the effectiveness of two similar topical combination
      preparations, one containing hydrocortisone acetate ('Actinac') and the other
      without the steroid, when applied in lotion form. Patients used one or other of
      the two formulations twice daily for the first 4 days and then at night only for
      the remainder of the 3-month study period. The results showed that both
      treatments were effective but the full formulation-treated group showed a better
      response at the end of the first month's treatment in terms of percentage
      reduction in lesion count score, although this did not reach statistical
      significance. After 3 months, the average lesion count scores dropped from 82 to
      11 in the full formulation and from 81 to 8 in the formulation minus
      hydrocortisone group.

PMID- 6444862
TI  - Treatment of acne vulgaris comparing two similar lotion formulations, one with
      ('Actinac') and one without chloramphenicol.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized study was carried out in 37 patients with acne
      vulgaris to compare the efficacy of two similar lotion formulations, one with
      ('Actinac') and the other without chloramphenicol (4%). Patients used one or
      other of the two formulations twice daily for the first 4 days and then at night
      only for the remainder of the 3-month trial period. At the end of the first
      month's treatment, the group treated with the full formulation showed a
      statistically significant greater reduction in lesion count score than in the
      group receiving the formulation without chloramphenicol. Both treatments produced
      statistically significant reductions in lesion counts at all monthly follow-up
      visits. After 3-months' treatment, the mean lesion count score was reduced from
      28.8 to 9.3 in the full formulation-treated group and from 39.5 to 14.3 in the
      formulation minus chloramphenicol group, but this difference did not reach
      statistical significance.

PMID- 6444863
TI  - Effect of thymoxamine in the relief of pain and rate of healing in ischaemic leg
      ulceration.
AB  - A small uncontrolled pilot study was carried out in 6 patients with ischaemic leg
      ulceration in which pain was severe to assess the effectiveness of thymoxamine in
      the relief of pain and on the rate of healing. Patients were treated for 3 days
      with intravenous injections of 0.1 mg thymoxamine/kg body weight and then with
      oral 40 mg thymoxamine 4-times daily for a further month. The results showed that
      there appeared to be a definite improvement in pain during intravenous therapy
      and this was maintained to a large extent, although not so definite, on oral
      therapy. No enhanced rate of healing, however, was evident.

PMID- 6444864
TI  - Contact dermatitis to photographic print coating liquid.
AB  - A case of allergic contact dermititis secondary to photographic print coating
      liquid is described herein. Patch test reactions to the mixture were positive,
      but negative to the individual components which included dimethylhydantoin
      formaldehyde resin, the logical allergen. Formaldehyde resin allergic dermatitis,
      in some instances, may not be reproduced by patch testing because of various
      contributing factors. In this patient, the combination of components was
      necessary to yield a sensitivity reaction. To the best of our knowledge contact
      dermatitis secondary to this product has not been previously reported.

PMID- 6444865
TI  - Minimal-change nephropathy and malignant thymoma.
AB  - A 56-year-old man had fever, precordial pain, and a mediastinal mass. The mass
      disappeared two months later and the patient remained asymptomatic for 2 1/2
      years. At that time a full-blown nephrotic syndrome developed, with minimal
      change glomerulopathy. The chest x-ray film showed the reappearance of a giant
      mediastinal mass. On biopsy of the mass, malignant thymoma was diagnosed.
      Association between minimal-change disease and Hodgkin's disease is well known,
      while the association with malignant thymoma has not been previously reported.
      The relationship between malignant thymoma and minimal-change disease is
      discussed, and a possible pathogenic mechanism involving cell-mediated immunity
      is proposed.

PMID- 6444866
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of anaerobic flora of the female genital tract to
      ampicillin compared to spectinomycin.
AB  - Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may be caused by anaerobic bacteria and or
      gonococcus and therefore the efficacy of two antibiotics, ampicillin (AMP) and
      spectinomycin (SPM) commonly used in this setting was examined against 370
      isolates of anaerobic bacteria. At the highest therapeutically achievable serum
      levels, AMP (16 micrograms/ml) inhibited 83% of all anaerobes and 70% of
      Bacterioides fragilis, and SPM (128 micrograms/ml) inhibited 98% of all anaerobes
      and 95% of B. fragilis strains tested. It therefore appears that both AMP and SPM
      may have a place in the treatment of PID. In our study, greater percentage of
      anaerobes were susceptible to SPM than previously reported. We used the 'glove
      box' technique used for testing the susceptibility of anaerobes.

PMID- 6444867
TI  - Piperacillin in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
AB  - The ureidopenicillin piperacillin was given to 20 patients with urinary tract
      infections. The infecting microbes all had a minimum inhibitory concentration
      below 0.6 microgram/ml. One strain of Staphylococcus aureus produced beta
      lactamase. All patients were freed of their microbes at the end of 7 days
      therapy. 1--2 weeks after the end of therapy, 1 relapsed and 3 had
      superinfections. Among the 16 who were without bacteria or leucocyturia after 1-
      2 weeks, 2 exhibited a superinfection 4--6 weeks after the end of therapy.

PMID- 6444868
TI  - A group experience with physically handicapped children.

PMID- 6444869
TI  - [Relationship between the ATPase activity of myosin subfragment I and its DTNB
      light chain and Mg2+ ion content].

PMID- 6444870
TI  - [Role of Fe-Mo-cofactor in the formation of the catalytically active ATPase
      center of nitrogenase].

PMID- 6444871
TI  - The effect of osmotic pressure and angiotensin II on arginine vasopressin release
      from guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex in organ culture.

PMID- 6444872
TI  - Peritoneoscopic findings and liver function in chronic liver disease.
AB  - In 100 cases with chronic liver disease, peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy were
      performed, and the association between peritoneoscopic findings and liver
      function was studied. With respect to liver function, a series of tests which
      seem to indicate residual liver function were selected as follows; dye excretion,
      serum levels of albumin and cholinesterase, and subfractions of serum proteins.
      In evaluating the periotoneoscopic view, new criteria for the classification of
      liver surface findings are proposed. All cases were divided into 5 types in
      accordance with these criteria. Analysis of the correlation between
      peritoneoscopic findings and liver function showed that the degree of liver
      dysfunction was clearly indicated by liver surface alterations. As a result, the
      residual liver function may be determined quite well by using this
      classification.

PMID- 6444873
TI  - Calcium-sensitivity of pig-carotid-actomyosin ATPase in relation to
      phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain.
AB  - Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of the 20000-Mr regulatory light chain was found
      to be a necessary condition for the Ca2+-sensitivity of the Mg2+-dependent ATPase
      activity and superprecipitation of pig carotid actomyosin. Actin-myosin
      interaction independent of phosphorylation and Ca2+ (ATPase activity and
      superprecipitation) were demonstrated in aged actomyosin preparations and in
      preparations from which the regulatory light chains were removed by papain
      digestion.

PMID- 6444874
TI  - The hexokinases from wild-type and morphological mutant strains of Neurospora
      crassa.

PMID- 6444876
TI  - Minimum competency testing and handicapped students.

PMID- 6444875
TI  - Selective IgA deficiency: clinical and immunological evaluation of 50 pediatric
      patients.
AB  - Fifty children with IgA deficiency were folllowed for 1 to 4 years from 1975 to
      1978. Thirty-five had complete deficiency of serum IgA (less than 2.5 IU/ml) and
      15 partial deficiency (serum IgA below the 10th centile for age). Patients with
      another associated immunodeficiency, such as ataxia-telangiectasia, were not
      included. Most children with complete deficiency of IgA had recurrent respiratory
      and/or gastrointestinal infections, about half with onset in the first year of
      life, while partial deficiency of IgA has probably little if any importance for
      anti-infectious immunity but is important in the pathogenesis of atopy. Atopic
      diseases were frequent in both groups. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 2
      patients: trisomy 21 in one and in the other a ring chromosome 18. No important
      defects in cellular immunity were detected but some isolated, borderline
      abnormalities were often present.

PMID- 6444877
TI  - Individualized education programs: a cost study.

PMID- 6444878
TI  - Improving the social status of rejected pupils.

PMID- 6444879
TI  - Nondiscriminatory assessment: a formative model.

PMID- 6444880
TI  - State definitions of preschool handicapped populations.

PMID- 6444881
TI  - Changing attitudes toward handicapped persons: a review and analysis of research.

PMID- 6444882
TI  - The loophole in Public Law 94-142.

PMID- 6444883
TI  - Where special education for disturbed children is going: a personal view.

PMID- 6444884
TI  - Training and certification of administrators in special education.

PMID- 6444885
TI  - Rural community attitudes toward the handicapped: implications for mainstreaming.

PMID- 6444886
TI  - The efficacy of diagnostic reports as individualized guides to prescriptive goal
      planning.

PMID- 6444887
TI  - Preparing teachers to work with exceptional adults.

PMID- 6444888
TI  - Professionals' knowledge of educational due process rights.

PMID- 6444889
TI  - Studies on the immunobiology of rnu/rnu "nude" rats with congenital aplasia of
      the thymus.

PMID- 6444890
TI  - Thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of Physarum polycephalum. Biochemical
      characterization.

PMID- 6444891
TI  - Effects of beta-guanidinopropionic acid on murine skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6444892
TI  - Increase in oxidative capacity of muscle fibers in dystrophic mice and
      correlation with overactivity in these fibers.

PMID- 6444893
TI  - Serotonergic influences on the social behavior of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus
      aethiops sabaeus).

PMID- 6444894
TI  - Pain during laparoscopic sterilization least likely with clips, three-country
      study finds.

PMID- 6444895
TI  - Serum copper and zinc in hormonal contraceptive users.
AB  - There has been a growing awareness of possible alterations in the trace element
      profiles of hormonal contraceptive users and their consequences. A study of serum
      copper and zinc levels in users of combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives
      and in users of injectable progestogen was undertaken. Use of combined estrogen
      progestogen contraceptives resulted in a significant decrease in serum zinc
      levels within 3 days and an increase in serum copper levels within 10 days. In
      users of combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives the magnitude and time of
      occurrence of the decrease in zinc levels and the increase in copper levels was
      unaltered by chemical composition, dosage, route of administration, and duration
      of use beyond 3 months. With injectable progestogen (norethindrone enanthate, 20
      mg/month), a significant decrease in serum zinc levels occurred within 24 hours
      after injection. Serum copper levels were not altered. With injectable
      progestogen, the type of drug, the dosage, and the duration of use beyond the 1st
      month had no effect on the magnitude of the decrease in serum zinc levels.

PMID- 6444896
TI  - Adrenal androgen production in hyperprolactinemic states.
AB  - In order to better define the kinetics of the adrenal androgens in
      hyperprolactinemic states, we have studied 10 patients suspected of having a
      pituitary prolactinoma. Compared with the levels in 10 healthy control women
      (normal range: N), no significant differences in the mean (+/- standard error)
      plasma concentrations of cortisol (F), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS), androstenedione (A), and testosterone (T)
      were found: F, 22.7 +/- 2.6 micrograms/100 ml (N = 10 to 25); DHEA, 7.5 +/- 1.4
      ng/ml (N = 3.0 to 12.5); DS, 1.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml (N = 1.1 to 3.6); A, 2.2
      +/- 0.3 ng/ml (N = 0.5 to 3.5); T, 30.5 +/- 6.4 micrograms/100 ml (N = 20 to 80).
      Using constant infusions of unlabeled steroid, the metabolic clearance rates
      (MCR) of the adrenal androgens DHEA and DS were found to be 1282.6 +/- 342.6
      liters/day and 5.6 +/- 1.4 liters/day, respectively, which were no different from
      the MRC of 1689.4 +/- 364.2 liters/day and 6.8 +/- 1.9 liters/day, respectively,
      found in the normal control women. Medical therapy with a dopaminergic agent in
      three of these patients reduced mean circulating levels of prolactin from 81.1 +/
      4.7 ng/ml to less than 15 ng/ml but did not change any of our results. It is
      concluded that, in the study group, hyperprolactinemia exerted minimal trophic
      effects on the production rates of adrenal androgens.

PMID- 6444897
TI  - Treatment of ectopic pregnancy by means of laparoscopy.
AB  - Sixty cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated by laparoscopy without laparotomy.
      In each case, one of two techniques was used-tubal aspiration or salpingotomy-in
      conjunction with aspiration of the conceptus and peritoneal rinsing. Of these 60
      cases, only 3 were failures. Twenty-five women later desired pregnancy, and 18
      conceived. The operated fallopian tube was checked in 18 cases and in 13 of these
      was found to be patent. A laparoscopic film has been made to illustrate this new
      technique.

PMID- 6444898
TI  - Factors affecting donor artificial insemination success rates.
AB  - Pregnancy was achieved at least once by 75 of 100 women treated with artificial
      insemination donor (AID). In all, 94 gestations were recorded, with a mean time
      to achieve pregnancy of 3.3 cycles. Success rates were studied relative to
      ovulatory function, cervical mucus parameters, previous reproductive history, and
      following pelvic surgery. A life-table analysis of conception according to actual
      inseminations performed during each cycle gave a 61% conception rate within 6
      months, including patients who discontinued therapy after only one treatment
      cycle. Clomiphene citrate was used freely for ovulation induction. These patients
      took longer to conceive (5.5 cycles), but had an abortion rate similar to that of
      the general group. An effect of cervical mucus on the time necessary to initiate
      pregnancy was not demonstrated. Six of seven patients who had undergone
      reparative surgery for restoration or  promotion of fertility conceived. The
      highest number of conceptions with double AID was found on cycle days 13 and 15.

PMID- 6444899
TI  - The introduction of laparoscopy in the People's Republic of China.

PMID- 6444900
TI  - Altered capillary response to tape stripping in psoriasis and some other
      dermatoses: the petechial threshold test.
AB  - 66 psoriatics, 34 normal adults, 10 normal juveniles, and smaller groups of
      patients afflicted either with seborrheic dermatitis-rosacea or atopic dermatitis
      were examined for the threshold of capillary petechia formation on clinically
      normal forearm skin in response to repeated tape stripping. A definitely lowered
      petechial threshold was found in psoriatics (mean of 9 vs. 19 tape strips) and
      also in persons with the seborrheic-rosacea complex. Normal juveniles and
      patients with atopic dermatitis had an increased threshold. The possible relation
      of these data are pointed out to recent findings of ultrastructural abnormalities
      of psoriatic papillary capillaries, and an altered capillary response is
      suggested as a sine qua non precondition for the development of psoriasis. The
      petechial threshold test is recommended as a simple adjunct diagnostic tool.

PMID- 6444901
TI  - Placental sulfatase deficiency: clinical and biochemical study of 16 cases.
AB  - Clinical and biochemical data of 16 typical cases of placental sulfatase
      deficiency have been observed. In vivo loading tests with DHA-S allowed us to
      make a prenatal diagnosis. In vitro experiments gave confirmation, showing zero
      or virtually zero placental sulfatase activity towards delta 5P or DHA sulfates
      Aromatase activities, when tested, were normal or more often less than standard
      values, the latter showing themselves rather large individual variations. All
      pregnancies were associated with the delivery of male neonates in good health but
      3. The 15 living babies have been developing normally since then. These results,
      together with those reported in the literature, suggest that placental sulfatase
      deficiency is under control of an X-linked recessive character, this being
      supported by the recent observation of such a disorder in two sisters
      simultaneously pregnant. As to the high frequency problem of cesarian section,
      pointed out by several authors, we cannot conclude, from our own observations,
      that the defect has an obvious influence on the good outcome of labor, as 10 out
      of the 16 women delivered vaginally near term.

PMID- 6444902
TI  - Laparoscopic sterilization with electrocautery, silastic bands and spring-loaded
      clips: report of our experience with 790 patients.
AB  - A comparative study was carried out in 790 women undergoing one of the 3 most
      frequently used laparoscopic sterlization techniques: high-frequency unipolar
      electrocoagulation of the tubes, application of silastic rings or spring-loaded
      clips to the tubes. The technical problems and per- and postoperative (early)
      complications are assessed. The use of high-frequency unipolar current has been
      superseded by today's mechanical and non-electrical sterilization methods. The
      spring-loaded clip method appears to be a sterilization technique with a minimum
      of severe complications, and theoretically the greatest chances for possible
      refertilization.

PMID- 6444903
TI  - Laparoscopic tubal sterilization: postoperative follow-up and late gynecological
      complaints.

PMID- 6444904
TI  - Protection against streptozotocin-induced diabetes by superoxide dismutase.
AB  - Suerpoxide dismutase was administered intravenously to rats 50 min prior to
      intravenous administration of a diabetogenic dose of streptozotocin. A dose of 45
      mg/kg streptozotocin alone produced marked glucose intolerance and a decrease in
      pancreatic insulin content to less than 10% of control; both of these effects
      were abolished by prior administration of 105 mu/g of superoxide dismutase.
      Superoxide dismutase (105 mu/g) administered 50 min before 65 mg/kg intravenous
      streptozotocin did not prevent the development of diabetes. The fall in
      pancreatic insulin content seen with streptozotocin alone was, however, partially
      reversed by superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 6444905
TI  - [Peculiarities of pregnancies in women in the fifth decade of life (author's
      transl)].
AB  - From 1974-1978, 101 women in the fifth decade of life were delivered. The course
      of the pregnancy was more often complicated by pre-eclampsia. Premature and
      dysmature deliveries were not more common than in younger women. The sex ratio
      was more in favor of females than usual. Despite shorter duration of labor and
      delivery the Apgar ratings at 1 and 5 minutes were less favorable in the new
      borns of older pregnant women. The infants required more often intubation and
      transfer to the pediatric hospital. The perinatal mortality was 4.2%. Down
      syndrome occured in 4.2% of the infants and abnormalities occured in 4.9%.
      Routine genetic amniocentesis and intensive pregnantal care should lower the
      fetal morbidity and mortality in these cases. Urinary total estrogen
      determinations are proposed as a parameter for the monitoring of the these risk
      cases besided ultra-sound and fetal monitoring.

PMID- 6444906
TI  - [Comment on the report of K. Semm: Statistical Review of Laparoscopy in
      Gynecology in the Federal Republic of Germany up to 1977].

PMID- 6444907
TI  - [Final note on Frangenheim's comment on the article: Statistical Review of
      Laparoscopy in Gynecology in the Federal Republic of Germany up to 1977].

PMID- 6444908
TI  - [Frequency of chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of a population consuming
      desalinized seawater].

PMID- 6444909
TI  - [Indices of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in vocational
      technical school students].

PMID- 6444910
TI  - [Purification of the sewage from swine-raising farm complexes in municipal
      treatment installations].

PMID- 6444911
TI  - [Hygienic problems of organizing the work training of the students of general
      schools].

PMID- 6444912
TI  - [Determination of arsenic in the atmosphere].

PMID- 6444913
TI  - [Conditions for the development of bioincrustations in a municipal water supply
      network].

PMID- 6444914
TI  - [On the 50th birthday of P. V. Ramzaev].

PMID- 6444915
TI  - [In memoriam Iakov Borisovich Reznik].

PMID- 6444916
TI  - [Experience in the sanitary improvement of the working conditions for bridge
      crane operators].

PMID- 6444917
TI  - [Disordered immunological reactivity of the body in pesticide exposure in
      hothouses].

PMID- 6444918
TI  - [Intravesical migration of plastic drainage material as a complication of
      surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women].

PMID- 6444919
TI  - Nematodes of the genus Subulura (Subuluridae) parasitizing Coturnix
      (Galliformes).
AB  - Two nematode species of the genus Subulura, S. skrjabini and S. brumpti, have
      been recovered from Coturnix coturnix (a detailed redescription of the former is
      attached). The synonymy, geographic distribution and some morphological and
      metrical characters of these species are discussed. S. noctuae gallinae Semenov,
      1926 and S. strongylina sensu Lopez-Neyra (1945) are tentatively regarded as
      synonyms of S. differens (Sonsino, 1890).

PMID- 6444920
TI  - [Successful treatment of acne with Actovegin].
AB  - Actovegin can be stated to represent a genuine acquisition to the therapy of acne
      vulgaris. Considering both the parenteral and oral treatment as an entity,
      complete cure was achieved in 54 out of a total of 88 patients. An improvement
      was obtained in 28 patients, so that further treatment was no longer required
      because a few acne pimples only occurred premenstrually. Improvement was in fact
      likewise obtained in 6 cases, but acne was seen to recur after discontinuation of
      therapy so that maintenance treatment had to be carried out. On dividing the mode
      of treatment into parenteral and oral treatment groups, the result distinctly
      suggests that parenteral treatment is better. The parenteral treatment was shown
      to be 50 per cent superior to the oral form. I deem it appropriate to initiate
      the treatment of any form of acne by a course of injections and, depending on the
      success seen, to change over to oral treatment. In any case, the dosage of both
      parenteral and oral therapy will have to be adjusted individually. (Chart: see
      text)

PMID- 6444921
TI  - [Immunologic and allergic lung diseases. 1. Exogenous allergic asthma].

PMID- 6444922
TI  - Renal manifestations of extrarenal neoplasms.
AB  - In a study of 1270 consecutive autopsies there were 314 patients with malignant
      neoplasms arising in sites other than the kidney and central nervous system. In
      over 50 per cent of these there was significant renal damage related to cancer.
      Renal damage was produced by direct involvement of one or both kidneys by the
      neoplasm or by indirect effects. The latter included ischemic damage, metabolic
      injury, immunologic injury, and effects of therapy directed at the malignant
      tumor. In patients with cancer, tumor bulk and invasion of vital organs do not
      always explain the clinical deterioration and cause of death. Recognition of the
      indirect effects of tumors on the kidney and other organ systems is essential to
      the understanding of the generalized host response to malignant disease.

PMID- 6444923
TI  - Dentistry for physically handicapped children in the International Year of the
      Child.
AB  - The dental profession has responded to the challenge of the increasing number of
      physically handicapped children. Originally, the emphasis was on how the physical
      disability prevented the delivery of dental treatment. Now, it is recognized that
      preventive care is the only answer to the problem. It is suggested that
      eventually all children, irrespective of their handicap, will be best treated in
      general dental practice.

PMID- 6444924
TI  - The efficacy and economy of comprehensive dental care for handicapped children.

PMID- 6444925
TI  - 'Head Start' dental health services: a blueprint for pre-school children's
      dentistry in the USA.

PMID- 6444926
TI  - Anti-allergy properties of PRD-92 Ea in guinea pig and rat.
AB  - The effects of PRD-92 Ea were examined on the increased plasma protein
      extravasation in the skin of guinea pig and rat elicited by specific antigens and
      spasmogenic mediators. PRD-92 Ea was found to be a potent inhibitor of rat PCA
      reactions when administered intradermally, intravenously or orally. This compound
      did not antagonize the local inflammatory responses of histamine, bradykinin or
      5HT. This implies that in vivo PRD-92 Ea acts predominantly as an anti-allergy
      agent rather than a spasmogen antagonist. At high concentrations PRD-92 Ea
      directly increased vascular permeability when injected intradermally (greater
      than 250 micrograms/site) or administered by aerosol into the lung (greater than
      10%). The importance of investigating such direct irritant actions of similar new
      drugs is discussed.

PMID- 6444927
TI  - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and humoral antibodies in human pregnancy.
AB  - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and
      complement-dependent antibody assays were used to study maternal immune response
      to fetal antigens present on cord lymphocytes at delivery. Among 24 cell-mediated
      lympholysis tests, 4 were found slightly positive and accompanied by a complement
      dependent antibody and/or an antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity response. The
      humoral immune response was found more often positive than the cellular response.

PMID- 6444928
TI  - Hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy as a cause of angina pectoris.
AB  - Four patients with severe classic angina pectoris and no evidence of myocardial
      infarction are described. All had ECG changes compatible with myocardial
      ischemia. Coronary arteriography showed normal coronary arteries (except for
      minor narrowing in one patient) and marked hypertrophy of the left ventricle
      without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The diagnosis of hypertrophic
      nonobstructive cardiomyopathy was confirmed by the presence of small left
      ventricular diastolic and systolic volumes with a supernormal ejection fraction
      indicative of a hypercontractile state of the left ventricle. Treatment with beta
      blocking agents reduced myocardial work, improved diastolic compliance and
      decreased patients' anginal symptoms. Hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy
      is an important cause of typical angina pectoris in patients who have normal
      coronary arteries on coronary angiography.

PMID- 6444929
TI  - Histogenesis and distribution of red and white muscle fibres of urodelan larvae.
AB  - A histochemical and electron microscopical study has been made of the myotomal
      musculature of an urodelan (Hynobius tokyoensis) tadpole tail and trunk. In older
      larvae (stage 64) two main types of fibre (small red and large white) could be
      distinguished on the basis of differences in fibre size, succinic dehydrogenase
      and adenosine triphosphatase activities, and fine structural features. The red
      fibres were superficial to the white ones except at the level of the notochord,
      where red and white were mixed in mosaic fashion. The superficial and deep red
      fibres were similar in their histochemical and fine structural characteristics.

PMID- 6444930
TI  - The relation between choosing and working prevocational tasks in two severely
      retarded young adults.
AB  - This study investigated the relation between prevocational preference, as
      measured by the client's selection of a task object, and the work that followed
      that choice. After selecting a task object, the clients worked a task previously
      assessed to be more or less preferred than the one indicated by the object. The
      results indicated that when the selection represented a task that was less
      preferred than the one actually worked, choices for that object increased on
      subsequent trials. Conversely, when the selection represented a task that was
      more preferred than the task subject actually worked, choices for the object
      decreased on subsequent trials. The work that followed object choices reinforced
      or punished subsequent selections. These findings indicated that the clients'
      object choices were valid indicators of their preference for working different
      tasks. They were also consistent with Premack's principle that one class of
      responses may reinforce or punish a different class of responses for the same
      individual.

PMID- 6444931
TI  - Teaching severely multihandicapped students to put on their own hearing aids.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with six severely multihandicapped students with
      hearing impairments to: (a) train the six students to put on their own hearing
      aids independently, and (b) provide an empirical evaluation of a comprehensive
      instructional program for putting on a hearing aid by assessing acquisition,
      maintenance, and generalization of that skill across environments. All six
      students acquired the skill rapidly, with two students requiring remedial
      training on one step of the program. Because for two of the original three
      students the newly learned skill failed initially to generalize to other
      environments, a second experiment was initiated to assess generalization across
      environments as well as to replicate the efficiency of the acquisition program.
      When a variation of the multiple-probe baseline technique was used, the behavior
      of three additional students generalized to other settings without direct
      training in those settings.

PMID- 6444932
TI  - Differential reinforcement of correct responses to probes and prompts in picture
      name training with severely retarded children.
AB  - A systematic sequence of prompt and probe trials was used to teach picture names
      to three severely retarded children. On prompt trials the experimenter presented
      a picture and said the picture name for the child to imitate; on probe trials the
      experimenter did not name the picture. A procedure whereby correct responses to
      prompts and probes were nondifferentially reinforced was compared with procedures
      whereby correct responses to prompts and probes were differentially reinforced
      according to separate and independent schedules of primary reinforcement. In
      Phase 1, correct responses to prompts and probes were reinforced
      nondifferentially on a fixed ratio (FR) 6 or 8 schedule; in Phase 2, correct
      responses to prompts were reinforced on the FR schedule and correct responses to
      probes were reinforced on an FR schedule of the same value; in Phase 3, correct
      responses to prompts were reinforced on the FR schedule and correct responses to
      probes were reinforced on a continuous reinforcement (CRF; every correct response
      reinforced) schedule; in Phase 4, correct responses to prompts were reinforced on
      a CRF schedule and correct responses to probes were reinforced on the FR
      schedule; in Phase 5, a reversal to the conditions of Phase 3 was conducted. For
      all three children, the FR schedule for correct responses to prompts combined
      with the CRF schedule for correct responses to probes (Phases 3 and 5) generated
      the highest number of correct responses to probes, the highest accuracy (correct
      responses relative to correct responses plus errors) on probe trials, and the
      highest rate of learning to name pictures.

PMID- 6444933
TI  - Shared responsibility for sport safety. A statement of the NCAA Committee on
      Competitive Safeguards and Medical aspects of Sports.

PMID- 6444934
TI  - What's new--and useful--in urology.

PMID- 6444935
TI  - "Trigger finger". A common hand problem.

PMID- 6444936
TI  - Medical grand rounds: sleep apnea syndrome.

PMID- 6444937
TI  - Fracture healing.

PMID- 6444938
TI  - "The controlled substances act: physician alert!".

PMID- 6444939
TI  - Pediatric review: improved survival with aggressive treatment of neonatal
      jaundice.

PMID- 6444940
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathies.

PMID- 6444941
TI  - Periplasmic maltose-binding protein confers specificity on the outer membrane
      maltose pore of Escherichia coli.
AB  - ompB mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 are markedly deficient in porin in their
      outer membrane. This results in a decreased rate of uptake for many substrates:
      the maltose pore (lambda receptor) can in some circumstances, in the absence of
      the periplasmic maltose-binding protein, compensate for the consequent defects in
      permeability to lactose, mannitol, glycylglycyl-L-valine, and tri-L-ornithine. It
      is postulated that the maltose-binding protein associates with the maltose pore
      and confers on it the specificity for maltose, and that the absence of the
      maltose-binding protein leaves the pore open and results in enhanced
      transmembrane diffusion of molecules other than maltose. This paper presents
      evidence to support this hypothesis.

PMID- 6444942
TI  - Suppression of induction of SOS functions in an Escherichia coli tif-1 mutant by
      plasmid R100.1.
AB  - The tif-1 mutation in the recA gene of Escherichia coli caused, at 40 degrees C,
      lethal cell filamentation, induction of the recA protein, mutagenesis, and, in
      lambda lysogens, prophage induction. The presence of plasmid R100.1 in tif-1
      strains suppressed tif-mediated cell filamentation and killing, recA protein
      induction, and prophage induction in lysogens. It also reduced mutagenesis in a
      tif-1 sfiA11(R100.1) strain. Plasmids F'lac, P1, and pMB9, in contrast, had
      little or no effect on tif-mediated induction of lambda. The presence of R100.1
      did not inhibit the induction of the recA protein or of lambda by ultraviolet
      irradiation or mitomycin C treatment of tif-1(R100.1) or tif-1(lambda)(R100.1)
      strains.

PMID- 6444943
TI  - Characterization and regulation of galactose transport in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Two galactose uptake systems were found in the mycelia of Neurospora crassa. In
      glucose-grown mycelia, galactose was transported by a low-affinity (Km = 400 mM)
      constitutive system which was distinct from the previously described glucose
      transport system I (R. P. Schneider and W. R. Wiley, J. Bacteriol. 106:479--486,
      1971). In carbon-starved mycelia or mycelia incubated with galactose, a second
      galactose transport activity appeared which required energy, had a high affinity
      for galactose (Km = 0.7 mM), and was shown to be the same as glucose transport
      system II. System II also transported mannose, 2-deoxyglucose, xylose, and talose
      and is therefore a general monosaccharide transport system. System II was
      derepressed by carbon starvation, completely repressed by glucose, mannose, and 2
      deoxyglucose, and partially repressed by fructose and xylose. Incubation with
      galactose yielded twice as much activity as starvation. This extra induction by
      galactose required protein synthesis, and represented an increase in activity of
      system II rather than the induction of another transport system. Glucose,
      mannose, and 2-deoxyglucose caused rapid degradation of preexisting system II;
      fructose and xylose caused a slower degradation of activity.

PMID- 6444944
TI  - Ferrisiderophore reductase activity in Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - The release of iron from ferrisiderophores (microbial ferric-chelating iron
      transport cofactors) by cell-free extracts of Bacillus megaterium was
      demonstrated. Reductive transfer of iron from ferrisiderophores to the ferrous
      chelating agent ferrozine was measured spectrophotometrically. This
      ferrisiderophore reductase activity (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate:ferrisiderophore oxidoreductase) was associated primarily with the cell
      soluble rather than particulate (membrane) fraction. Ferrisiderophore reductase
      was inhibited by oxygen and required the addition of a reductant (reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was most effective) for maximal
      activity. The activity was destroyed by both heat and protease treatments and was
      inhibited by iodoacetamide treatment. Ferrisiderophore reductase activity for
      several microbial ferrisiderophores was measured; highest activity was displayed
      for ferrischizokinen, the ferrisiderophore produced by this organism. The Km and
      Vmax values of the reductase for ferrischizokinen were 2.5 x 10(-4) M and 35.7
      nmol/min per mg of the ferrisiderophore reductase reaction. Preliminary
      fractionation of the cell soluble material by gel filtration chromatography
      resulted in the demonstration of ferrisiderophore reductase activity in three
      peaks of different molecular weight. Ferrisiderophore reductase probably mediates
      entrance of iron into cellular metabolism.

PMID- 6444945
TI  - Methyl-coenzyme M, an intermediate in methanogenic dissimilation of C1 compounds
      by Methanosarcina barkeri.
AB  - Extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri possess a specific methyltransferase that
      catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group of methanol to 2
      mercaptoethanesulfonic acid. Over a fourfold range in added 2
      mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, the formation of 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid
      exhibited a 1:1 ratio to 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid added. This reaction
      required adenosine 5'-triphosphate; a maximal ratio (mole/mole) of 85 methyl
      groups was transferred per adenosine 5'-triphosphate added. The methyltransferase
      was found in extracts of methanol-grown cells as well as in extracts of hydrogen
      grown cells. In extracts of cells grown on either substrate, 2
      (methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid was formed from added methanol or methylamine but
      not from acetate.

PMID- 6444946
TI  - Localization of bacteriophage receptor, clumping factor, and protein A on the
      cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The surface of several laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus were observed
      with a scanning electron microscope, and the presence of two morphologically
      characteristic structures--a ridge separating cell surface into old and new
      surfaces and a concentric circular structure--are described. These two structures
      seemed to be present universally on the surfaces of cells of the genus
      Staphylococcus. The removal of the circular structures by a mild treatment of the
      cell with trichloroacetic acid suggested that this structure seemed to represent
      circularly arranged teichoic acid. With experiments using morphologically
      recognizable markers among three of the cell wall components, clumping factor,
      phage receptor, and protein A, the clumping factor was proven to be specifically
      localized on the old surface; and more phage receptors were detected on the old
      surface than on the new surface, but protein A was present all over the cell
      surface. This indicated that the clumping factor and most of the phage receptors
      appeared on the cell wall surface in a late stage of the cell growth cycle, but
      protein A was present in an early stage of the growth. The idea of aging of the
      cell wall is discussed.

PMID- 6444947
TI  - Location of a collagen-binding domain in fibronectin.
AB  - Preferential labeling of COOH-terminal sequences in newly synthesized fibronectin
      was achieved by short term incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids in the
      presence of pactamycin, an inhibitor of polypeptide chain initiation. The labeled
      fibronectin was then cleaved with cathepsin D under conditions that yield a large
      (137,000-dalton) fragment that lacks collagen-binding properties, and a smaller
      (72,000-dalton) fragment that retains the ability of fibronectin to bind to
      collagen. Determination of the relative specific radioactivities of the two
      fragments leads us to conclude that the collagen-binding domain in fibronectin is
      located in the NH2-terminal third of the polypeptide chain and not in a COOH
      terminal region as previously indicated by other structural studies.

PMID- 6444948
TI  - H+/ATP stoichiometry of proton pump of turtle urinary bladder.
AB  - Urinary acidification in the turtle urinary bladder is due to a reversible proton
      translocating ATPase. To estimate the H+/ATP stoichiometry of this pump, we
      measured the delta G'ATP in the epithelial cells and the maximum e.m.f. generated
      by the pump. The latter is the maximal transepithelial electrochemical gradient
      for protons placed across the epithelium that is needed to nullify the rate of
      transport and averaged 179 +/- 7 mV. The delta G'ATP averaged 50.1 kJ/mol. The
      H+/ATP stoichiometry of these bladders was 2.92 +/- 0.1. In other experiments,
      the bladders were poisoned by iodoacetate and cyanide and a variable
      transepithelial electrochemical gradient for protons was placed across them. It
      was noted that ATP synthesis occurred at a transepithelial electrochemical
      gradient for protons greater than 120 mV. The delta G'ATP in other bladders
      treated identically averaged 40.0 kJ/mol, giving a H+/ATP stoichiometry of 3.4 +/
      0.1. We conclude that the H+/ATP stoichiometry of the proton pump of turtle
      urinary bladder is approximately 3.

PMID- 6444949
TI  - Reversible modification of arginine residues in neocarzinostatin. Isolation of a
      biologically active 89-residue fragment from the tryptic hydrolysate.
AB  - Reaction of the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin with 1,2-cyclohexanedione in
      0.25 M borate buffer, pH 9.0, resulted in complete modification of arginine
      residues in positions 66, 67, and 78. The arginine-modified protein lost its
      native structure and was biologically inactive in the inhibition of growth of
      HeLa cells, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and in vitro DNA strand scissions.
      Trypsin hydrolysis of 1,2-cyclohexanedione-modified neocarzinostatin resulted in
      selective cleavage of the Lys-Val (positions 20 and 21) bond of the primary
      structure yielding NH2-terminal 1-20 and the COOH-terminal 21-109 residue
      fragments. The latter contained modified arginine residues. Both peptide
      fragments were biologically inactive. Treatment of the arginine-modified
      neocarzinostatin and the arginine-protected 89-residue fragment with 0.25 M Tris
      acetate buffer, pH 9.0, for 15 h resulted in the release of 1,2-cyclohexanedione,
      regenerating all three arginine residues. The regenerated protein and the 89
      residue fragment were fully active biologically. Further, the regenerated 89
      residue fragment possessed 70% of the reactivity of neocarzinostatin with
      antibody raised against the native protein. The conformation of the 89-residue
      fragment was almost identical with that of the native protein in CD spectral
      properties.

PMID- 6444950
TI  - Long-term follow-up of scoliosis fusion.
AB  - One hundred and ten scoliotic patients underwent correction and spine fusion by
      one of us (J. H. M.) at Gillette Children's Hospital between 1947 and 1957. Sixty
      one of these patients were evaluated in 1977 for this follow-up study. The
      evaluation consisted of physical and roentgenographic examination, photographs,
      and a detailed psychosocial analysis. The aims of the study were to evaluate: (1)
      the long-term stability of the fusion; (2) the incidence and severity of low-back
      pain; and (3) the degree of integration of the patient into society. The results
      showed that a solid fusion had no significant loss of correction with time.
      Eighty-four per cent of the patients lost only zero to 5 degrees of correction
      during an average follow-up of twenty-six years. Low-back pain was found to be no
      more frequent than in the normal population in this age group, and there was less
      low-back pain than in a comparable series of scoliotic patients without fusion.
      There was no correlation between the occurrence of low-back pain and the length
      or magnitude of the fused curve or the lowest extent of the fusion. An unexpected
      finding was the high incidence of neck pain, the cause of which is unknown.
      Psychosocial analysis revealed that the patients were productive, active, stable
      persons who were working and contributing members of society.

PMID- 6444951
TI  - Degenerative changes in Dacron external velour vascular prostheses (a report of
      three cases).

PMID- 6444952
TI  - A test of thromboembolisms from arterial grafts.

PMID- 6444953
TI  - ATP-driven tubule extrusion from axonemes without outer dynein arms of sea-urchin
      sperm flagella.
AB  - We have prepared axonemes without outer dynein arms from sea-urchin
      (Pseudocentrotus depressus, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) sperm flagella by
      selective solubilization with NaCl. Electron microscopy revealed that the
      axonemes gradually lost their outer arms in 0.5 M NaCl during 10 min. Such
      axonemes retained 42.8 +/- 7.3% of their total axonemal ATPase activity and
      showed C, A, D and B bands in the dynein region of 4% SDS-gel, while a
      solubilized fraction of the outer arms consisted almost entirely of A band
      polypeptide. We have succeeded in causing extrusion of the outer doublets from
      such axonemes by addition of ATP and trypsin. A bundle of outer doublets was
      sometimes observed to be extruded first from an axoneme and to show bending
      motion for a while, subsequently followed by a sliding of separate doublets past
      each other. The speed of the tubule extrusion process was slower and around 60%
      of that of intact axonemes having both types of arm. These observations indicate
      that the inner arms have a function equivalent to that of the outer arms, of
      sliding on adjacent doublets, although the inner arms seem to be constituted from
      polypeptide(s) different from that of the outer arms.

PMID- 6444954
TI  - Gonadotropins, estrogens, and adrenal steroids during the menopausal hot flash.

PMID- 6444955
TI  - Effects of disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate on hypercalcemia produced by
      bone metastases.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the ability of disodium dichloromethylene
      diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) to reduce the hypercalcemia secondary to skeletal
      metastases and induced by stimulation of bone resorption by malignant cells. Five
      patients with hypercalcemia due to bone metastases of breast or renal cancer were
      treated orally for 4 wk with 3,200 mg of Cl2MDP and 4 wk with a placebo in a
      double blind, crossover study. During the Cl2MDP period of administration four
      patients experienced a rapid and significant decrease in serum calcium and
      urinary calcium excretion together with an increase in alkaline phosphatase. In
      the remaining patient who developed a sudden paraplegia at the onset of the
      therapy followed by a marked increase in serum calcium levels and urinary calcium
      excretion, Cl2MDP was able to reverse this worsening of hypercalcemia or to
      reduce serum and urinary calcium to normal values. For all patients, urinary
      hydroxyproline excretion was unchanged during the Cl2MDP period when compared
      with the prestudy or placebo periods. From these results, and because of the
      rapid relapse of hypercalcemia during the placebo period or after withdrawal of
      the treatment, we can conclude that Cl2MDP is capable of reducing excessive
      mobilization of calcium resulting from bone metastases.

PMID- 6444956
TI  - The ultrasound spectrum of prune-belly syndrome.
AB  - The sonographic features of prune-belly syndrome are illustrated and described,
      corresponding to a classification based on clinical and radiographic findings.
      The severity of urinary tract involvement determines to which group a given
      patient is assigned. In group I, the kidneys are dysplastic, with no appreciable
      surrounding renal parenchyma. In group II, there is marked dilatation of the
      ureter and mild dilatation or no dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. In
      group III, the involvement is milder, ranging from the sonographic findings
      typical of group II to those of normal-appearing urinary tract.

PMID- 6444957
TI  - Reactive angioendotheliomatosis.
AB  - Angioendotheliomatosis is a rare disorder with both cutaneous and systemic
      clinical presentations. We agree that there is evidence in the existing medical
      literature for the separation of reactive and malignant (neoplastic) variants of
      angioendotheliomatosis. These variants share similar histologic and
      ultrastructural features but seem clinically distinct. The reactive variant has
      been associated (four of seven cases, including our patient) with existing or
      preexisting subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 6444958
TI  - Topically applied erythromycin in inflammatory acne vulgaris.
AB  - We evaluated the effectiveness of 2% erythromycin and its alcohol/propylene
      glycol vehicle in the treatment of three hundred forty-eight patients with
      inflammatory acne vulgaris. A significantly greater reduction was noted in the
      papulopustule count for the erythromycin-treated group compared to the vehicle
      treated group. Additionally, clinical improvement, as measured by physician
      global ratings, was significantly greater in the erythromycin-treated group. A
      lower adverse reaction rate observed in the erythromycin-treated patients may
      result from previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties of this
      antibiotic.

PMID- 6444959
TI  - The black spot test for recognizing poison ivy and related species.
AB  - A black, enamel-like deposit is frequently present on injured areas of poison
      ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. This finding can also be produced deliberately
      as a field test for the toxic nature of the plant. Observing proper precautions,
      one crushes sap from leaves onto a sheet of white paper. The resulting stain
      should darken on exposure to the air if it came from a Toxicodendron. This test
      employs only one quality of these plants, and it is not, therefore, a substitute
      for other proved means of identification.

PMID- 6444960
TI  - Psychological disturbance and life event differences among patients with low back
      pain.

PMID- 6444961
TI  - The influence of technique modifications on sealant leakage.
AB  - Three medications in etchant and sealant application technique decreased dye
      penetration in vitro. The data appear to indicate that the clinical success of
      sealants may be positively influenced by such handling, suggesting a reevaluation
      of manufacturer's recommendations. Significant differences in dye penetration
      apparently exist between brands of Bis-GMA sealant, when applied without
      modifications in manufacturers' recommendations. However, there was a decrease in
      the difference between brands when the described variations in the technique of
      application were employed.

PMID- 6444962
TI  - Metabolic activity of deciduous porcine dental pulp in different phases of root
      development.
AB  - The present investigation examined the activities of various enzymes associated
      with the carbohydrate metabolism in different phases of root development of swine
      deciduous dental pulps. The data showed that the potential carbohydrate
      metabolizing capacity of pulpal tissue was greatest in the root forming phase
      (two months). However, when compared with samples taken from the fully formed
      root (six months), a higher activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      lactate dehydrogenase was found in samples taken from the root resorption phase
      (nine months).

PMID- 6444963
TI  - An interdisciplinary teacher education program.
AB  - In 1975 the faculty of the University of Washington School of Dentistry, in
      conjunction with the College of Education and the affiliated Children's
      Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, developed a 36-month formal teacher
      education program in combination with joint specialty training in pedodontics and
      orthodontics. The program goal was to produce a professional dental
      educator/administrator who could function primarily in the teaching and practice
      of child and adolescent comprehensive care. After four years and three graduates,
      the faculty terminated this program. This paper outlines the rationale and
      structure of the original program and discusses the reasons for its termination.

PMID- 6444964
TI  - The dentist's health.

PMID- 6444965
TI  - Tolerance induction by fusion of fetal thymus lobes in organ culture.

PMID- 6444966
TI  - Functional effects of thymopoietin32-36 (TP5) on cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor
      units (CLP-U). I. Enhancement of splenic CLP-U in vitro and in vivo after
      suboptimal antigenic stimulation.
AB  - Cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor units (CLP-U) were enumerated in the spleens of
      C57BL/6 mice 3 days after i.p. injections of synthetic thymopoietin32-36 (TP5).
      One hundred to 1000 ng TP5/mouse potentiated splenic CLP-U, this effect being
      detectable only after suboptimal allogeneic sensitization (with 1.2 x 10(5)
      mitomycin-C treated DBA cells). This elevation of CLP-U persisted in the injected
      mice for at least 14 days. Control peptide did not affect CLP-U. In vitro
      incubation of 0.01 to 0.1 ng/ml of TP5 with normal C57BL/6 spleen cells also
      enhanced CLP-U after suboptimal allogeneic stimulation; high concentrations of
      TP5 caused suppression of CLP-U and this was detectable with optimal
      sensitization conditions. Thus TP5, in vitro and in vivo, appears to regulate
      immune responsiveness and this regulation varies with TP5 dosage and with the
      immune stimulus.

PMID- 6444967
TI  - Biochemical characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. II. Purification
      of a class of rat and human lymphokines.
AB  - Rat spleen cells activated in vitro by concanavalin A produce lymphokine
      molecules that possess biologic activity in a number of murine lymphocyte
      response assays. A single class of lymphokine most adequately described as T cell
      growth factor (TCGF, Interleukin-2) with a m.w. of 15,000 as estimated from gel
      filtration studies and with an isoelectric range of 5.4 to 5.6 stimulates i) the
      growth of established T cell lines in culture, ii) the proliferation of
      thymocytes in the presence of Con A under culture conditions where Con A alone is
      non-mitogenic, iii) the induction of antibody responses to heterologous
      erythrocyte antigens in athymic (nude) mouse spleen cell cultures, and iv) the
      generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in thymocyte cultures and in nude
      mouse spleen cell cultures. We suggest that in each of the assay systems tested,
      this class of rat lymphokine acts directly on activated T cells. Nonactivated T
      cells must be stimulated by either mitogen or antigen before becoming responsive
      to lymphokine, but do not require antigen or mitogen for continued lymphokine
      dependent proliferation. Similarly, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) produce a class of lymphokines of identical
      size with an isoelectric point of 6.0 to 6.5 that possess the same biologic
      properties as measured in murine lymphocyte response systems.

PMID- 6444968
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi-induced suppressor substance. I. cellular involvement and
      partial characterization.

PMID- 6444969
TI  - Effects of adriamycin on the activity of mouse natural killer cells.
AB  - Adriamycin, a widely employed anti-neoplastic agent, was found to have either
      inhibitory or stimulatory effects on NK activity, depending on the site examined.
      A single i.p. administration of ADM resulted in a rapid increase of cytolytic
      activity by PEC of various mouse strains. The effector cells appeared to be NK
      cells, being nonadherent and nonphagocytic; they expressed low amounts of Thy 1.2
      antigen and had the same pattern of specificity as splenic NK cells. In contrast
      to the stimulatory effects of NK activity of PEC, ADM caused a transient dose
      dependent depression of NK activity in the spleen, with a peak reduction at day 3
      and recovery within a few days thereafter. The depressed NK activity could be
      reversed by removal of adherent cells by passage through a nylon column.
      Moreover, ADM induced cytostatic activity against tumor cells by macrophages,
      suggesting that activated macrophages may be responsible for suppression of
      splenic NK activity. The possible modulation of the levels of NK activity by ADM
      induced macrophages was supported by mixture experiments, in which plastic
      adherent spleen cells from ADM-treated mice, but not from normal mice, inhibited
      the NK activity of normal spleen cells.

PMID- 6444970
TI  - On the immunocompetence of H-2 incompatible irradiation bone marrow chimeras.

PMID- 6444971
TI  - H-2K/H-2D and Mls and I region-associated antigens stimulate helper factor(s)
      involved in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - This study examines the antigen that stimulate production or release of a soluble
      helper factor(s) involved in development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).
      Antigens associated with the Mls locus, I and K/D regions of the MHC were all
      capable of stimulating responder cells in MLC to produce helper factor. These
      supernatant fluids were all capable of providing "help" for the generation of
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes in MLC in which spleen cells are stimulated by allogeneic
      heat-treated thymocytes or splenocytes. Previous reports from our laboratory as
      well as others have shown that heat-treated cells do not stimulate a cytotoxic
      response. Heat-treatment of Mls, I, and H-2K/H-2D region incompatible stimulatory
      cells in MLC eliminated their ability to induce responder cells to produce helper
      factor, suggesting this is the mechanism whereby heat-treatment reduces the
      ability of cells to stimulate cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). The inability of
      supernatant fluids, from MLCs in which heat-treated cells were the stimulators,
      to assist in the generation of cytotoxic T cells did not appear to be the result
      of any suppressive factor induced by such treatment. Further, the antigens that
      stimulate pre-killer cells appear functionally distinct from those heat labile
      antigens (Mls, I, H-2K/H-2D associated) that stimulate helper factor production
      since heat-treated allogeneic cells served as stimulators of cytotoxicity
      provided helper activity was added to the MLC.

PMID- 6444972
TI  - Disappearance of the NK effect after explantation of lymphocytes and generation
      of similar nonspecific cytotoxicity correlated to the level of blastogenesis in
      activated cultures.

PMID- 6444973
TI  - Differential allo-response of murine thymocytes to H- 2 K region different
      recombinants and to H-2Kb mutants.
AB  - Thymocytes used as responding cells in a mixed leukocyte culture with x
      irradiated splenic stimulating cells generate highly significant proliferative
      and cytotoxic responses when responding and stimulating cells differ by the
      entire H-2 complex. On the other hand, when the genetic difference between
      responding and stimulating cells is only a K region, very little, if any,
      proliferative response is detectable and no cytotoxic response is found. In
      contrast, when responding and stimulating cell donors differ by a spontaneous
      mutation in the K region of the H-2 complex, as found in B6.C-H-2ba, B6-H-2bd and
      B6.C-H-2bf, highly significant proliferative and cytotoxic responses can be
      obtained. These results, thus, argue that the H-2 mutants cannot, with regard to
      their relationship to the parental strain, be readily equated with a K region
      difference as defined in the recombinant inbred strains.

PMID- 6444974
TI  - Trypanosome-mediated suppression of murine humoral immunity independent of
      typical suppressor cells.

PMID- 6444975
TI  - Tolerance in Staphylococcus aureaus: evidence for bacteriophage role.
AB  - The conversion of nontolerant Staphylococcus aureus to a tolerant organism is
      reported. It had been shown previously that a nontolerant strain produces
      tolerant progeny when it is incubated in media that contain a bacteria-free
      filtrate derived from cultures of each of the three tolerant stains of S. aureus.
      The tolerant progeny retain the characteristic tolerance upon serial subculture,
      and cell-free filtrates prepared from such subcultures are capable of converting
      nontolerant organisms to tolerant bacteria. A study of filtrates made from one of
      the tolerant strains revealed that all of the converting activity was sedimented
      by ultracentrifugation. DNase I and RNase A did not reduce the activity of the
      sediment, but Proteinase K completely diminished it. Equilibrium centrifugation
      of filtrates in cesium chloride showed that the conversion activity was maximal
      in the fraction with a density of approximately 1.445 +/- 0.015 g/ml. When a
      portion of this fraction was examined with the electron microscope, hexagonal
      bacteriophages (20 nm in diameter) were seen at this density. This observation
      seems to be evidence that a bacteriophage is involved in conversion of S. aureus
      from a nontolerant to a tolerant organism.

PMID- 6444976
TI  - Immunologic investigations of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
      comparison of susceptibility to opsonic antibody in mucoid and nonmucoid strains.
AB  - Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from patients with cystic
      fibrosis, were studied for the prevalence of each of the seven Fisher immunotype
      antigens and were compared with their nonmucoid transformants, obtained by
      repeated subculturing, for susceptibility to opsonic antibody. Of the 30 strains
      tested--one from each of 30 patients--16 were typable and were tested in the
      opsonophagocytic assay with use of immunotype-specific rabbit antiserum; eight
      had significant opsonization by complement without antiserum. Of the eight
      strains requiring antiserum, seven strains required a higher minimum
      concentration of antiserum for a 1.0 log10 reduction of viable P. aeruginosa than
      the paired nonmucoid derivative. These end-point titers were significantly
      greater for nonmucoid Pseudomonas (P = 0.0007). A mucoid strain not requiring
      antibody for opsonization was shown to use primarily the alternative complement
      pathway. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      immunodeterminant for opsonic antibody in nonmucoid strains is blocked in the
      mucoid strain.

PMID- 6444977
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Haemophilus parainfluenzae by a kinetic
      killing-curve method.
AB  - A kinetic killing-curve method, designed to mimic several aspects of clinical
      therapy in endocarditis, was used to test 10 strains of Haemophilus
      parainfluenzae against 28 antibiotic regimens. In an effort to simulate changing
      in vivo levels of antibiotic in serum, concentrations of three penicillins, three
      cephalosporins, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol were sequentially adjusted over a
      12-hr period. Against six beta-lactamase-negative strains, gentamicin in
      combination with penicillin or cephalosporin invariably resulted in an additive
      or synergistic effect. Chloramphenicol and a penicillin or cephalosporin usually
      displayed an indifferent effect, but chloramphenicol was often antagonistic when
      combined with gentamicin. With four beta-lactamase-positive strains, variable
      responses were noted to penicillin-aminoglycoside combinations; cephalosporin
      aminoglycoside combinations were usually synergistic. This dynamic approach to
      killing-curve studies may be more appropriate than a static system for in vitro
      examination of the effect of antimicrobial combinations against selected
      organisms.

PMID- 6444978
TI  - Conservative treatment of low back pain with epidural steroids.

PMID- 6444979
TI  - Suppression of long-standing incessant ventricular tachycardia by amiodarone.
AB  - A 25 year old man had experienced virtually incessant ventricular tachycardia
      since the age of 16 years, and complained of increasing lethargy and shortness of
      breath over the past 5 years. Despite medical therapy with numerous conventional
      antiarrhythmic agents, no single drug or combination of drugs had successfully
      controlled the tachycardia. Isotope and contrast angiography revealed an enlarged
      left ventricle with poor function. Electrophysiological studies demonstrate
      earliest endocardial activation at the left ventricular apex. No electrical
      procedure terminated tachycardia. Following institution of amiodarone, continuous
      ECG monitoring revealed periods of sinus rhythm alternating with periods of
      ventricular bigeminy. Repeat isotope angiography indicated a considerable
      improvement in L.V. function. There was a corresponding reduction in heart size
      on the chest radiograph. Clinical improvement was evidenced by disappearance of
      lethargy and shortness of breath. This report demonstrates that amiodarone, a new
      antiarrhythmic agent, may suppress long standing incessant ventricular
      tachycardia resistant to other antiarrhythmic agents. The marked reduction in
      heart size on amiodarone may suggest that the associated cardiomegaly is
      secondary to tachycardia.

PMID- 6444980
TI  - Lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the serotonin-dependent phasic release
      of luteinizing hormone in the rat: effects on drinking rhythmicity and on the
      consequences of preoptic area stimulation.
AB  - Ovariectomized rats in which less than 7% of the suprachiasmatic nuclei had been
      spared by bilateral radiofrequency lesions were distinguishable from those with
      greater than 40% of the nuclei by their consistent failure to show the oestrogen
      induced daily surge of LH, either with or without pharmacological manipulations
      of serotonin (5-HT), and also by their loss of the normal rhythmicity of
      drinking. Minor damage to structures adjacent to the suprachiasmatic nuclei was
      similar in both groups. The identical facility with which electrical stimulation
      of the preoptic area induced LH release in the two groups of animals suggested
      that they were not characterized by different degrees of damage to the
      preopticotuberal pathway. These results are considered in relation to evidence
      indicating that the suprachiasmatic nuclei represent the densest concentration of
      5-HT terminals in the forebrain and also the site of a mechanism involved in the
      generation of circadian rhythms.

PMID- 6444981
TI  - Barrier animal facility operations for a large-scale chronic study (ED01 study).
AB  - The physical facilities of the specific pathogen free/defined flora barrier
      animal rooms and their support operations are described as used in the conduct of
      a large-scale, long-term, low-dose carcinogenicity study. Specifically described
      are the floor plan of the facility, the mechanical operations, air flow,
      temperature and humidity controls, personnel screening and requirements, cleaning
      operations, and traffic flow patterns of personnel, equipment, and animals.

PMID- 6444982
TI  - Microbiology of a large barrier study (ED01 study).

PMID- 6444983
TI  - Disease concordance and sex similarity in twins.

PMID- 6444984
TI  - Motor commands and the perception of movement patterns.
AB  - Electrophysiological experiments have shown that during voluntary movement, the
      activity of kinesthetic receptors relevant to actively contracting muscles is
      modified. Furthermore, efferent motor commands interact with the central
      transmission and processing of kinesthetic sensory input. This article addresses
      itself to the question of whether the efferent motor commands of voluntary
      movement influence the perception and processing of kinesthetic spatial
      information. In two experiments, subjects moved around unfamiliar and unseen
      criterion stencil patterns with their right hands. In the first experiment
      subjects were required to concurrently track the constrained movements with their
      left hands. In the second experiment, following movement around a criterion
      pattern, the subjects had to recall it with their right hands. Tracking and
      recall movements in the two experiments showed a systematic spatial bias in the
      direction in which the right-hand constrained movements were commanded. It is
      argued that when a limb movement is contrained, the interaction between the
      efferent command pattern and the returning kinesthetic sensory input results in
      its position being perceived with a constant error in the direction in which the
      movement was commanded.

PMID- 6444985
TI  - Phonetic categorization in auditory word perception.
AB  - To investigate the interaction in speech perception of auditory information and
      lexical knowledge (in particular, knowledge of which phonetic sequences are
      words), acoustic continua varying in voice onset time were constructed so that
      for each acoustic continuum, one of the two possible phonetic categorizations
      made a word and the other did not. For example, one continuum ranged between the
      word dash and the nonword tash; another used the nonword dask and the word task.
      In two experiments, subjects showed a significant lexical effect--that is, a
      tendency to make phonetic categorizations that make words. This lexical effect
      was greater at the phoneme boundary (where auditory information is ambiguous)
      than at the ends of the condinua. Hence the lexical effect must arise at a stage
      of processing sensitive to both lexical knowledge and auditory information.

PMID- 6444986
TI  - Mental imagery acuity in the peripheral visual field.
AB  - Subjects made judgements of resolution on two small dots that they either
      imagined or acutally observed at horizontal and vertical positions away from the
      point of eye fixation. As the distance between these two dots increased, the size
      of fields of resolution in imagery increased, in proportion to increases in the
      size of fields of resolution in perception. For vivid imagers, fields of
      resolution in imagery were the same size as those in perception, whereas for
      nonvivid imagers, fields of resolution in imagery were smaller than those in
      perception. In addition, fields of resolution in imagery and perception were
      virtually identical in shape, exhibiting similar horizontal eccentricity and
      vertical asymmetry. Fields within which attention can be distributed in imagery
      were also measured by having subjects make judgements of resolution on pairs of
      dot patterns imagined simultaneously on opposite sides of the point of eye
      fixation. These fields were smaller than fields of resolution for images of
      single dot patterns and were circular, as opposed to elliptical. These results
      suggest that peripheral acuity in visual imagery is limited by the same types of
      neural constraints that limit peripheral acuity in visual perception.

PMID- 6444987
TI  - Role of cerebral hemispheric processing in the visual half-field stimulus
      response compatibility effect.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to test theories of the stimulus-response (S-R)
      compatibility effect. Stimuli presented above and below a fixation point in the
      left and right visual field signaled choice responses in the midsagittal plane.
      Even though the duration of stimulus presentation in Experiment 1 was
      sufficiently brief, such that the possibility of eye movements was precluded, a
      visual half-field S-R compatibility effect was still obtained. That such an
      effect is found when it can be adequately specified to which hemisphere stimulus
      information is presented suggests that an explanation in terms of cerebral
      laterality factors be considered. The second experiment employed arbitrary
      symbols to represent the spatial property of stimuli used in prior experiments,
      and a similar pattern of results was obtained. These results are discussed in
      terms of a functional view of cerebral organization.

PMID- 6444988
TI  - Overcoming Stroop interference: the effects of practice on distractor potency.
AB  - With practice, do distracting stimuli lose their ability to distract? In a series
      of experiments, subjects practiced counting digits, a task subject to Stroop-type
      interference, and then were tested in a variety of transfer conditions. The
      results indicate that digits do lose their ability to distract as a result of
      practice but that this loss is highly specific; practice in ignoring one pair of
      distractors (2 and 4) does not improve later performance when ignoring a
      different pair (1 and 3). However, this practice effect does transfer to
      distractor stimuli having the same meaning as the stimuli ignored in practice
      (TWO and FOUR, but not TO and FOR). The results can be explained either in terms
      of active learning to suppress distraction or in terms of habituation of
      competing responses.

PMID- 6444989
TI  - Modes of vibrotactile pattern generation.
AB  - Two modes of generating vibrotactile patterns, static and scanned, were examined.
      In the static mode, all elements making up the pattern were turned on and off
      simultaneously. In the scanned mode, the pattern to be identified was moved
      across the tactile array. The patterns were letters of the alphabet presented to
      the fingertips by means of the Optacon, a reading aid for the blind. The results
      of the first experiment showed that the performance on a letter recognition task
      decreased as pattern duration decreased and that at all durations below 200-msec
      performance in the static mode was better than in the scanned mode. Good letter
      recognition was possible at durations of 4 msec in the static mode. The results
      of the second experiment showed that letter recognition in the static mode was
      highly dependent on the perceived intensity of the letters presented, whereas
      intensity changes in the scanned mode had little effect on letter recognition.
      The results of the third experiment showed that both modes of pattern
      presentation produced similar results in the presence of masking stimuli. The
      implications of the results for cutaneous pattern perception and information
      transmission and visual letter recognition are discussed.

PMID- 6444990
TI  - Hemisphere-specific processes in letter matching.
AB  - Three experiments were designed to investigate outstanding questions concerning
      the effect of memory load variations on efficiency and coding processes in the
      left and right cerebral hemispheres. In Experiment 1 subjects were presented with
      one, two, or three target letters in uppercase or lowercase in central vision,
      followed by simultaneous bilateral probes requiring a name match response. Twenty
      young right-handed adults, 10 males and 10 females, acted as subjects. Two main
      features of the results were as follows: (a) The slope of the linear function
      relating mean reaction time (RT) and set size was 30% greater for right visual
      field (RVF)-left-hemisphere probe stimuli under both physical and name identity
      conditions, and (b) RT for RVF-left-hemisphere probes was greater when the probe
      was drawn from preterminal serial position in the target list. Experiments 2 and
      3 examined the proposition that the results of Experiment 1 reflected asymmetric
      interference during list acquisition. The results showed that, first, the LVF
      right-hemisphere advantage was eliminated or reversed under unilateral probe
      presentation conditions, and second, the LVF-right-hemisphere advantage for a
      single, preterminal serial position was insensitive to variations in the
      interitem interval. The results are thought to be inconsistent with the
      interference hypothesis. The general implications of the results for existing
      theories of hemisphere function are discussed.

PMID- 6444991
TI  - Attention switching is not a fatigable process: methodological comments on
      Axelrod and Guzy (1972).
AB  - Guzy and Axelrod investigated auditory attention switching by means of the click
      counting paradigm and concluded that attention switching is a fatigable process.
      In the present comment it is shown that this conclusion is based on a faulty
      analysis of the data: The scores subjected to the analysis of variance were
      transformed such that they were no longer linear combinations of the factorial
      effects. Reanalyzing the data in the correct way renders perfectly linear conting
      functions that deviate from theoretical fatigue functions. It is concluded that
      the attention-switching mechanism is not fatigable.

PMID- 6444992
TI  - Laterality effects, levels of processing, and stimulus properties.
AB  - Two hypotheses of hemispheric specialization are discussed. The first stresses
      the importance of the kind of processing to which the stimulus is subjected, and
      the second stresses the importance of the nature of the stimulus. To test these
      hypotheses, four experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1 verbal material
      was employed in a same-different classification task, and an overall right visual
      field superiority was found. Experiment 2, in which verbal stimuli were subjected
      to visuospatial transformations (i.e. mental rotations), yielded no laterality
      effect. In Experiment 3 geometrical figures were employed in a classification
      task similar to that of Experiment 1, and an overall left visual field
      superiority was found. In Experiment 4 both verbal and geometric stimuli were
      employed. The results showed a significant interaction between field of
      presentation and nature of the stimulus and no interaction between field of
      presentation and level of processing.

PMID- 6444993
TI  - A further parallel between selective adaptation and contrast.
AB  - It is generally believed that selective adaptation effects in speech perception
      are due to a reduction in sensitivity of auditory feature detectors. Recent
      evidence suggest that these effects may derive instead from contrast. In a
      further test of the contrast hypothesis, we conducted two experiments each
      involving both adaptation and contrast sessions with matching stimulus sets.
      During the adaptation sessions of Experiment 1, subjects identified two series of
      velar stimuli varying in voice onset time, [ga]-[kha] and [gi]-[khi], before and
      after adaptation with of the following stimuli: [ga], [kha], [gi], and [khi]. In
      the contrast session, subjects identified either of two ambiguous test items
      (drawn from near the phonetic boundaries of the [ga]-[kha] and the [gi]-[khi]
      series) following a single presentation of [ga], [kha], [gi], or [khi]. For both
      the adaptation and contrast sessions, (a) the [--a] test items were more greatly
      affected (in a contrast direction) by the [--a] than by the [--i] adaptor/context
      stimuli, and (b) the [--i] test items were not differentially affected by the [-
      1] and [--i] adaptor/context stimuli. An analogous design was used in Experiment
      2, except that the stimulus sets varied in pitch rather than vowel quality. For
      both the adaptation and contrast sessions, the test items were not differentially
      affected by the pitch of the adaptor/context stimulus. These parallel results
      provide further evidence that adaptation effects are actually a form of contrast.

PMID- 6444994
TI  - Confirmed reservations: mental travel.
AB  - When Kosslyn, Ball, and Reiser asked subjects to scan a memorized picture, they
      found a strong positive linear relationship between distance scanned and reaction
      time. However, more recent research has suggested that this result may be as much
      a function of the demand characteristics of the experiment as a reflection of any
      structural properties of the image. To further test this possibility with complex
      stimuli, college subjects were either presented with Kosslyn's pictorial stimuli
      or verbal descriptions of same in a "nonexperiment" and were asked to predict
      their scanning times. The subjects were able to produce high linear correlations
      between scanning distance and predicted scanning time. This result is consistent
      with a demand characteristics explanation of the correlation between distance and
      reaction time that is obtained in actual image-scanning studies.

PMID- 6444995
TI  - Variables influencing outflow-inflow interpretations tracking performance:
      predictability of target motion, transfer function, and practice.
AB  - Experimental evidence can be found in support of either outflow or inflow
      theories of voluntary action. Accordingly, the empirical problem becomes one of
      ascertaining fundamental conditions under which the dichotomy plainly manifests
      itself. Using a within-subjects design, six undergraduates were given pursuit
      tracking training. The independent variables were (a) presence or absence of
      regularity (predictability) in the back-and-forth motion of the target, (b) type
      of control stick (with attendant proprioceptive feedback) used to drive the
      cursor, and (c) practice. The dependent variable was the time integral of error.
      The following results were significant (p less than .05, two-tailed): (a) A
      pressure stick is better than a freely moving one when tracking a random target;
      this finding supports a reactive force inflow model. The converse is true for a
      predictable target and is therefore supportive of an outflow interpretation. (b)
      Regardless of kind of target motion, an unloaded stick is better than an
      elastically loaded one at the beginning of training (outflow support) but worse
      by the end of training (inflow support). It is concluded that the motor outflow
      versus motor inflow dispute is amenable to parametric resolution.

PMID- 6444996
TI  - Reading ability and the encoding of item and location information.
AB  - Two experiments using duration exposures ranging from 20 to 130 msec are reported
      that link reading skill in adults to the initial encoding of location
      information. Highly skilled and less skilled readers were equivalent in
      identifying single letters presented at a central fixation point. When they had
      to identify the serial position of a letter, however, highly skilled readers
      performed significantly more accurately than did less skilled readers. A second
      experiment used displays that consisted of one letter and three dollar signs.
      Subjects had to identify the letter under two location cuing conditions. When
      subjects were cued in advance as to which serial position would contain the
      letter, highly skilled and less skilled readers were equivalent. When the
      location of the letter had to be resolved prior to identification, highly skilled
      readers performed significantly more accurately than did less skilled readers.
      Results are interpreted to suggest that the role of perception in reading has
      been underestimated because emphasis has been on item perception, and the
      perception of spatial location has been largely overlooked.

PMID- 6444997
TI  - Processing of words presented simultaneously to eye and ear.
AB  - The simultaneous processing of auditorily and visually presented messages was
      examined in three experiments. Subjects searched lists of words for a target word
      while processing auditorily presented information. Across conditions, subjects
      searched for (a) target words in a list of words presented auditorily, (b) the
      same target words in lists presented visually, (c) a member of a taxonomic
      category in a visually presented list, and (d) a rhyme in a list of words
      presented visually. The level of processing of a simultaneous auditory message
      varied across experiments. In experiment 1, subjects shadowed lists of digits. In
      Experiment 2, subjects reported the antonym of each word in a list. In Experiment
      3, subjects named the taxonomic category of each word in a list. In all three
      experiments, subject had high detection rates for target words presented visually
      and for category targets but low detection rates for target words presented
      auditorily and for rhyme targets. These results suggest that processing the
      semantic properties, but not the acoustic properties, of words presented to the
      visual modality is independent of simultaneous processing in the auditory
      modality. Implication for models of selective attention are discussed.

PMID- 6444998
TI  - Effects of trialkyllead compounds on growth, respiration and ion transport in
      Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Triethyllead and tripropyllead cations affected growth, energy metabolism and ion
      transport in Escherichia coli K12. The tripropyllead compound was more
      liposoluble than the triethyl analogue and was also more effective in inhibiting
      cell growth and the oxygen uptake of both intact cells and membrane particles.
      Triethyllead acetate (5 microM) inhibited growth on non-fermentable carbon
      sources, such as glycerol and succinate, more markedly than on glucose. At higher
      concentrations, triethyllead caused significant inhibition of respiration rates
      of intact cells; the concentration giving 50% inhibition was 60 microM for
      glycerol-grown cells and 150 microM for glucose-grown cells. Oxidation of
      succinate by membrane particles was less sensitive to inhibition by the tripropyl
      or triethyllead compounds than were the oxidations of DL-lactate or NADH.
      Triethyllead acetate [1.9 mumol (mg membrane protein)-1] inhibited the reduction
      by NADH of cytochromes; evidence for more than one site of inhibition in the
      respiratory chain was obtained. Membrane-bound ATPase activity was strongly
      inhibited by triethyllead acetate in the absence or presence of Cl-. The
      concentration of inhibitor giving 50% inhibition [0.02 mumol (mg membrane
      protein)-1] was about two orders of magnitude lower than that required for 50%
      inhibition of substrate oxidation rates in membranes. Triethyllead acetate (1
      microM) induced swelling of spheroplasts in iso-osmotic solutions of either NH4Cl
      or NH4Br, presumably as a result of the mediation by the organolead compound of
      Cl-/OH- and Br-/OH- antiports across the cytoplasmic membrane. Similar exchanges
      of OH- for F-, NO3- or SO4(2)- or the uniport of H+ could not be demonstrated.
      Comparisons are drawn between the effects of trialkyllead compounds and those of
      the more widely studied trialkyltin compounds.

PMID- 6444999
TI  - Huntington's chorea. Its impact on the spouse.
AB  - Huntington's chorea imposes a direct imprint on the life of the spouse of the
      affected patient. Interviews with 15 wives of patients with Huntington's chorea
      revealed that none of them knew prior to marriage of the presence of a heritable
      disease within the husband's family. When informed of the diagnosis, the wife
      reacted with disbelief and denial. As she became aware of the steady progression
      of the disease and the threat of transmission to her children, her response
      changed to resentment and hostility. The disease permeated the entire life of the
      unaffected spouse: her life style, family responsibility, goals, and marital
      relationship. In essence, the wife became inextricably involved in the disease
      and suffered continuous trauma from it.

PMID- 6445000
TI  - Further histochemical studies on masticatory muscles.
AB  - This paper describes a histochemical and histographic analysis of the masticatory
      muscles obtained from 78 early autopsy samples from subjects from 4 days to 87
      years old. Five groups of muscles have been stuied: the temporalis, the medial
      and lateral pterygoid, the superficial bundle of the masseter and the
      mylohyoideus. All adult muscles have consistently shown a markedly increased
      number oftype II fibres and a disparity in the size of the two main fibre types,
      the average diameter of type II fibres being about half that of type I fibres.
      Fibres of intermediate size and stain were observed with myofibrillar ATPase at
      pH 9.40. A negative relation between the percentage of type II fibres and
      intermediate fibres was found, but not between the percentage of type I fibres
      and of intermediate fibres. Another negative relation was found between the
      number and the size of type II fibres, again not present in type I nor in
      intermediate fibres. In children, from 6 days old, an increased number of type II
      fibres and a definite disparity in the size of the two main fibre types were
      found. Intermediate fibres were present on the 17th day. Up to the age of 13
      years, their diameter was greater than that of type I fibres. The analysis of the
      distribution and size modifications of the various fibre types seems to indicate
      a progressive adaptation of the masticatory muscles. This adaptation of the
      fibres to the successive reactions and to the various movements of the
      masticatory system is then discussed.

PMID- 6445001
TI  - What do we want from a bone-scanning agent?

PMID- 6445002
TI  - Distribution and mobility of omega 3 fatty acids in rainbow trout fed varying
      levels and types of dietary lipid.
AB  - The availability of essential fatty acids in fish neutral lipid to tissue
      phospholipids was determined under conditions of adequate and inadequate
      essential fatty acid intake as well as during fasting. Juvenile rainbow trout
      were fed a semi-purified diet containing varying levels of cod liver oil, with or
      without supplementary olein. Fatty acid analysis indicated that in all treatments
      the neutral lipid pool was not turned over during feeding but was enhanced by
      exogenous or endogenously synthesized fatty acids. Fish that received diets
      devoid of essential fatty acids maintained virtually all of the docosahexenoic
      acid originally present in each lipid pool. Fish fed diets containing essential
      fatty acids deposited them in proportion to the dietary levels. After a 4-week
      fast, no change was noted in the relative levels of fatty acids in neutral lipid
      indicating that all fatty acids in neutral lipid were catabolized equally-
      including essential fatty acids. During fasting there was a selective retention
      of docosahexenoic and linoleic acids in the phospholipid pool.

PMID- 6445003
TI  - Early differential diagnosis between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia.
AB  - More and more refined laboratory investigations for differential diagnosis of
      neonatal direct hyperbilirubinemia have been developed, but not one of them is
      absolutely diagnostic. All of them take time and by the time the infant is
      referred to the surgeon it is often too late, as the prognosis for successful
      surgical correction becomes rapidly worse with increasing age. Most authorities
      have now agreed that in cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia cirrhosis has
      already well developed after the second month of life. The only virtually certain
      methods of diagnosis are direct inspection of the gall bladder, cholangiogram,
      and a sizeable liver biopsy. Our clinical experience has convinced us that
      laparoscopy with liver biospy and simultaneous cholangiography by transhepatic
      puncture of the gall bladder is the simplest, fastest and most certain method for
      diagnosis. It allows for early differentiation of direct hyperbilirubinemia in
      the neonatal age and should be carried out if the hyperbilirubinemia has
      persisted during the first month of life and before laboratory investigations are
      instituted.

PMID- 6445004
TI  - The role of the children's nurse in the community.
AB  - In 1969 a pediatric home nursing service was started in Southampton to care for
      sick children at home. The primary role of the children's nurse in the community
      is discussed with particular reference to day case surgery, early discharge, care
      of the mentally and physically handicapped, pediatric medical care, prevention of
      a hospital admission, and care of the terminally ill. The secondary roles of
      teaching and liaison between the hospital and the primary health care team is
      discussed. After 10 yr experience with over 12,000 admissions to the day unit we
      believe that the majority of general surgical procedures such as circumcision,
      inguinal herniotomy, and orchidopexies can be safely undertaken on a day basis.
      The provision of adequate nursing care in the community which is closely linked
      with the hospital has been one of the main reasons for the success of the scheme.

PMID- 6445005
TI  - The value of an ultrasonic flowmeter in assessing the function of CSF shunts.
AB  - In 113 children suspected of having CSF shunt dysfunction, the shunts were
      examined with a Doppler ultrasound flowmeter on 203 occasions. Shunt patency or
      blockage was correctly diagnosed in 90% of cases. There were 5% false-positive
      and 5% false-negative tests. Certain pitfalls of the investigation and its future
      applications are discussed.

PMID- 6445006
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of anastomotic false aneurysms.

PMID- 6445007
TI  - Trisomy 21 mosaicism in two successive generations in a family.
AB  - The occurrence of 46,XX/47,XX,+21 mosaicism in two successive generations implies
      an aetiological relationship between the 47,XX,+21 cell line of the mother and
      her daughter.

PMID- 6445008
TI  - Operator sequences of bacteriophages P22 and 21.

PMID- 6445009
TI  - Dissociation of myosin light chains and decreased myosin ATPase activity with
      acidification of synthetic myosin filaments: possible clues to the fate of myosin
      in myocardial ischemia and infarction.

PMID- 6445010
TI  - Influence of neuraminidase treatment on rat heart sarcolemma.

PMID- 6445011
TI  - Gene K of bacteriophage phi X 174 codes for a nonessential protein.
AB  - Gene K of phi X 174, which overlaps genes A, B, and C, was found to be
      nonessential, although possibly beneficial for the growth of the phage. Viable
      mutants of gene K made less than 4% of the normal amount of K protein as judged
      by quantitative fluorography of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels;
      compared with the wild-type phi X, K mutants had an identical latent period but a
      two- to threefold reduction in burst size.

PMID- 6445012
TI  - Possible involvement of a calcium-stimulated ATP-hydrolyzing activity associated
      with mycobacteriophage I3 in the DNA injection process.
AB  - Ca2+ ions are necessary for the successful propagation of mycobacteriophage I3.
      An assay for the phage DNA release in the presence of an isolated cell wall
      preparation from the host was established, and in this system Ca2+ ions also
      stimulated the release of DNA. The inhibition of phage DNA injection caused by
      Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), a nonionic detergent routinely
      used in mycobacterial cultures, was reversed by Ca2+. The presence of a phage
      associated ATP-hydrolyzing activity was demonstrated. This enzyme was stimulated
      by Ca2+ ions and inhibited by Tween 80. From this and the behavior of the two
      agents at the level of DNA injection, as well as the fact that phage I3 has a
      contractile tail structure, we conclude that the phage-associated ATPase is
      involved in the DNA injection process.

PMID- 6445013
TI  - Benign cystic dysplasia of the adrenal glands in a case of prune belly syndrome.
AB  - An exceptional lesion of the adrenal glands in a case of prune belly syndrome is
      described. It consists of cortical and medullary hypoplasia, cystic degeneration
      of the medulla and failure of the migrating neuroblasts to mature into
      pheochromocytes. The pathogenesis of this lesion, collectively labeled as benign
      cystic dysplasia, is discussed briefly.

PMID- 6445014
TI  - Clinical evaluation of biventriculo-cineangiographic findings in hypertensive
      left ventricular hypertrophy.
AB  - In the present study, we demonstrated that hypertensive left ventricular
      hypertrophy can be divided angiographically into symmetrical (SH) and
      asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) groups. In the SH group, the dynamics of
      the septal wall and the free wall were almost the same as those of the control
      group. On the other hand, the ASH group rather resembled the HCM group in the
      thickness and dynamics of the septal wall and the free wall as well as in the
      septal configuration. The most characteristic difference of the ASH and HCM
      groups from the SH group was in the significantly greater thickness of the septal
      wall at end diastole. However, in view of the developmental mechanism of
      hypertensive heart, it is interesting to note that the more the septal-free wall
      ratio increases, the more the thickness of the septal wall increases in the SH
      group.

PMID- 6445015
TI  - Histopathology of endomyocardial biopsies from patients with idiopathic
      cardiomyopathy; quantitative evaluation based on multivariate statistical
      analysis.
AB  - In order to evaluate the histological changes in endomyocardial biopsies from 121
      patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, quantitation of histological findings
      was performed and analysed by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.
      Several findings, i.e. (1) disarray of myofibers, (2) hypertrophy of myofibers,
      (3) scarcity of myofibrils, (4) nuclear changes, (5) vacuolization, (6)
      proliferation of collagen fibers, (7) endocardial thickening, (8) interstitial
      edema, (9) cell infiltration, (10) fatty infiltration and (11) basophile
      degeneration, were graded in five degrees (- to 4+) or two degrees (- or +)
      depending upon the severity and the extent of each finding. The univariate
      analysis of the graded histological findings revealed no remarkable difference
      between the biopsies from HCM and CCM pts, except for nuclear changes, which
      appeared to be more prevalent in CCM (p less than 0.05). In the categorical
      principal component analysis of the first six histological findings listed above,
      three principal components could be extracted. The first principal component was
      characterized by all six histological findings, the second by vacuolization and
      proliferation of collagen fibers, and the third by hypertrophy of myofibers. The
      mean values of the first principal scores indicated that, in either LVB or RVB
      histological changes were more severe in CCM than in HCM, and in fatal cases than
      in survivors. The second principal scores indicated that fatal cases had more
      collagenosis but less severe vacuolization than survivors. The histological
      findings in RVB appeared to be significantly correlated (r = 0.41, p less than
      0.05) with those in LVB obtained from the same heart, but some differences were
      noted, myofiber hypertrophy and vacuolization being more prominent in LVB than in
      RVB.

PMID- 6445016
TI  - [Lymphocyte transformation test in fixed drug eruption--changes at various stages
      including clinical exacerbation and remission after the challenge (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6445017
TI  - Factors affecting suppressor cell activity in tumor-allosensitized mice.
AB  - Adult C57BL/6 mice inoculated with P-815 mastocytoma cells developed splenic
      suppressor cells. These suppressor cells were assayed in mixed lymphocyte
      cultures. Suppressor cells appeared earlier and became more active after
      sensitization with low doses of allogeneic tumor. After low doses of tumor cells,
      the suppressor cell activity developed before cytotoxic activity, whereas after
      higher doses of tumor cells, suppressor and cytotoxic activity appeared
      simultaneously. The suppressor cells were not H-2 restricted but did express
      their activity stronger in the presence of the specific (H-2d) alloantigen.
      Neonatally thymectomized adult C57BL/6 mice failed to develop splenic suppressor
      cell activity after tumor allosensitization. This suggested that the thymus is a
      source for suppressor precursor cells. These precursor cells remained active in
      the spleen up to 3 1/2 months after adult thymectomy. Suppressor factor was
      released in cultures of tumor-allosensitized spleen cells. The presence of a
      specific (H-2d) alloantigen improved the relase of suppressor factor (SF).
      Cultures of tumor-allosensitized spleen cells, enriched for T-cells, contained
      more SF. SF was not H-2 restricted or antigen-specific.

PMID- 6445018
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the inferior epigastric artery].

PMID- 6445019
TI  - [Unusual form of obesity with an autosomal recessive type of heredity].

PMID- 6445020
TI  - [Coccygodynia].

PMID- 6445021
TI  - [Obukhov Hospital (on the 200th anniversary of its founding)].

PMID- 6445023
TI  - EKG of the month.

PMID- 6445022
TI  - Choledochal sphincter relaxation in response to histamine in the primate.

PMID- 6445024
TI  - Effect of low molecular factors released during allogeneic interactions of
      leucocytes or brain cells on PHA- and LPS-induced DNA synthesis in lymphocytes.
AB  - Male (A/Ph and C3H/Cbi/BOM) mice were used in our experiments. The cell-free
      supernatants of spleen mixed leucocyte cultures and allogeneic brain cortex cells
      were collected upon short-term incubation and tested in a comparative study.
      Spleen and brain low molecular factors were fractionated (ultrafiltration and gel
      column chromatography) and assayed for their activity in mitogen-induced 3H
      thymidine incorporation into spleen lymphocytes. The specific release of the
      allogeneic spleen fraction (ASF-2) has been observed. A non-specific stimulating
      effect of ASF-2 on PHA- and LPS-activated spleen lymphocytes was shown. In
      contrast, a non-specific suppressive effect of brain fraction on PHA- and LPS
      stimulated lymphocytes was demonstrated. The opposite effects of spleen and brain
      factors can be connected with their different composition. The lymphocyte
      cultures were not affected by spleen or brain factor, when cultured without the
      addition of mitogen. Positive and negative regulation or modulation of triggering
      events in lymphocyte activation by these factors can be suggested.

PMID- 6445025
TI  - A simple method for maintaining large, aging populations of Caenorhabditis
      elegans.
AB  - This paper describes a technique capable of establishing and maintaining large,
      age-synchronous populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The technique
      has three essential components: a rich chemical medium; a method for producing
      and harvesting mass quantities of eggs; and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an
      inhibitor of DNA synthesis. A culture of worms is filtered through glass wool or
      a wire screen to isolate young larvae. Eggs laid by these worms after they mature
      are collected over a period of 4-6 hours and allowed to hatch. A low level of
      FUdR (25 microM) is added just before the larvae reach maturity. This timing is
      important to avoid developmental abnormalities. The adults lay eggs in the
      presence of FUdR but the eggs do not hatch, which maintains the synchrony of the
      culture. Many aging characteristics appear to be similar in treated and untreated
      worms, such as the time of cessation of egg production, the appearance of visible
      and behavioral age-related changes, and the mean lifespan. This system thus seems
      suitable for large-scale biochemical analysis of certain aspects of aging in C.
      elegans.

PMID- 6445026
TI  - The effects of hypophysectomy and continuous food restriction, begun at ages 70
      and 400 days, on collagen aging, proteinuria, incidence of pathology and
      longevity in the male rat.
AB  - Hypophysectomy in young male Wistar rats aged 70 days, followed by cortisone
      acetate replacement therapy throughout life, retarded the rate of aging of tail
      tendon collagen fibres, inhibited the development of certain diseases of old age
      (renal disease, cardiac enlargement, hind limb paralysis, and various endocrine
      and non-endocrine tumors) and significantly prolonged the duration of life.
      Almost identical anti-aging effects were obtained by lowering the food intake of
      intact rats to that of hypophysectomized rats, from age 70 days until death.
      Hypophysectomy in middle age, at 400 days, even with cortisone acetate
      replacement therapy, produced a sharp increase in the mortality rate; the
      surviving rats exhibited significantly reduced aging of collagen fibres and of
      the kidney as measured by protein excretion. Food restriction begun at 400 days
      also inhibited renal aging, but had no demonstrable effect on collagen aging
      during the first 100 days. These studies suggest that procedures such as
      hypophysectomy and food restriction do not switch off an aging mechanism in youth
      but probably exert a continuing inhibitory influence on certain aging processes
      throughout life.

PMID- 6445027
TI  - Comments on "chalones and cancer".

PMID- 6445028
TI  - [Backache].

PMID- 6445029
TI  - How I treat seborrheic dermatitis.

PMID- 6445030
TI  - How I treat acne.

PMID- 6445031
TI  - [Emergency therapy in endocrine crises].

PMID- 6445032
TI  - [From the grey zone].

PMID- 6445033
TI  - [Oxygen consumption of leukocytes in chromosome abnormalities. (Down's syndrome,
      ring chromosome 21, cri-du-chat syndrome, trisomy 18 and 22)].

PMID- 6445034
TI  - Mutagenesis of ultraviolet-irradiated lambda phage by host cell irradiation:
      induction of Weigle mutagenesis is not an all-or-none process.
AB  - Ultraviolet mutagenesis of lambda phage to clear plaque formers is the same in
      the total phage population and in subpopulations of phage which have also mutated
      to gam- or at an amber codon. This is true for phage assayed in host cells in
      which Weigle mutagenesis has been either partially induced by low levels of
      ultraviolet irradiation, or fully induced by higher levels. If induction of
      Weigle mutagenesis were all-or-none, clear plaque formers in phage subpopulations
      selected for another mutation elsewhere would come mainly from induced cells;
      then the clear plaque mutation rate would always be that for fully induced host
      cells. Therefore, induction requires more than one lesion in host cell DNA.
      Although thymine starvation of cells induces synthesis of recA protein, it does
      not induce Weigle mutagenesis; in fact starvation inhibits induction of this
      process on subsequent ultraviolet irradiation of the cells.

PMID- 6445035
TI  - Mapping of the modification function of temperate phage Mu-1.
AB  - Using internal deletions in the Mu genome, we have mapped the gene coding for Mu
      modification in the beta segment of Mu DNA.

PMID- 6445036
TI  - [Harmfulness of bacterial gall of grape and the species makeup of its causative
      agent in Moldavia].

PMID- 6445037
TI  - Drugs for acne.

PMID- 6445038
TI  - [Balance of clinical evaluations].

PMID- 6445039
TI  - Centronuclear myopathy: extraocular- and limb-muscle findings in an adult.
AB  - Myotube-like structures were seen in extraocular and limb muscles in an adult
      with centronuclear myopathy. The limb-muscle fibers were very small and were of a
      uniform histochemical type. Extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors were not seen
      with immunoperoxidase stains, and ultrastructurally normal neuromuscular
      junctions were seen in the extraocular-muscle samples. Further studies on
      developing muscle are needed to identify possible mechanisms of arrest of muscle
      maturation.

PMID- 6445040
TI  - Levodopa and presymptomatic detection of Huntington's disease--eight-year follow
      up.

PMID- 6445041
TI  - A new immunodeficiency disorder in humans involving NK cells.
AB  - Immunodeficiency disorders have provided much information on the development and
      interaction of the various B and T lymphoid components in the immune system of
      man. As the lymphoid system becomes increasingly divided into functional subsets
      of cells it will be important to find immunodeficiencies affecting newly
      discovered cell types. Natural killer (NK) cells are a recently described but ill
      defined subpopulation of lymphocytes which is thought to play an important part
      in surveillance against tumour development. Mice homozygous for the beige gene
      were found to have a selective deficiency in NK function and were more
      susceptible to transplantation of syngeneic tumours as predicted. We report here
      that patients carrying the analogous, autosomal recessive Chediak-Higashi (CH)
      gene have a profound defect in their ability to spontaneously lyse various tumour
      cells in vitro by either antibody-dependent or independent mechanisms. Since
      other cell-mediated cytolytic functions were relatively normal, these results
      suggest that the beige or Chediak-Higashi gene in both man and mouse controls NK
      function.

PMID- 6445042
TI  - Progressive inhibition of the Ca pump and Ca:Ca exchange in sickle red cells.
AB  - Sickle cell anaemia red cells (SS) were reported to have a high Ca content and an
      increased Ca uptake on deoxygenation, but their Ca-pump activity was described as
      normal. This seemed puzzling because the saturated Ca-extrusion rate of the
      normal, high Ca-affinity Ca pump is about 10 mmol per 1 cells per h (refs 3, 4)
      and the highest sickling-induced Ca influx reported in SS cells and observed in
      ATP-depleted sickle-trait (SA) red cells never exceeded 0.2 mmol per 1 cells per
      h. Normal pump performance is, therefore, incompatible with Ca accumulation
      unless SS cells have abnormally high Ca-binding capacity. We provide here
      evidence which suggests that SS cells have normal Ca-buffering capacity and
      probably genetically normal Ca pumps, but that the sickling process causes
      progressive Ca-pump failure and a marked reduction in Ca:Ca exchange.

PMID- 6445043
TI  - Middle ear effusion in Down's syndrome patients.

PMID- 6445044
TI  - Lack of evidence that the central serotoninergic system plays a role in the
      activation of prolactin secretion following inhibition of dopamine synthesis or
      blockade of dopamine receptors in the male rat.
AB  - Administration of alpha MT to inhibit catecholamine synthesis or dopamine (DA)
      receptor blockade with spiroperidol had no effect on the hypothalamic
      concentration of 5HT or 5HIAA. Fluoxetine to block serotonin uptake had no
      influence on the elevation of serum prolactin levels induced by alpha MT or DA
      receptor blockers and conversely alpha MT did not influence the prolactin
      releasing action of 5HTP alone or in combination with fluoxetine. Depletion of
      brain serotonin stores with p-chlorophenylalanine did not affect the prolactin
      releasing action of alpha MT or DA receptor blockers. In contrast, the serotonin
      blocker methysergide, but not cyproheptadine, inhibited the prolactin-releasing
      effect of alpha MT or alpha-flupentixol, a DA receptor blocker, but not of
      spiroperidol, another DA receptor blocker. The intensity of the inhibition
      induced by methysergide paralleled the intensity of inhibition induced by
      apomorphine. Methysergide conspicuously lowered serum prolactin in animals with
      electrolytic destruction of the median eminence, whereas cyproheptadine had only
      a slight effect. The prolactin-inhibiting effect of methysergide could be
      prevented by pretreatment of the lesioned rats with spiroperidol. It is concluded
      (1) that elimination of the influence of the DA system does not activate the
      central serotoninergic system; (2) that activity of the serotoninergic system has
      no role in the activation of prolactin secretion induced by suppression of the
      inhibitory dopaminergic influence, and (3) that the inhibiting action of
      methysergide on the prolactin-releasing effect of alpha MT or alpha-flupentixol
      is due to its dopamine receptor agonist activity rather than to blockade of
      serotonin receptors.

PMID- 6445045
TI  - [The study of systolic time intervals in early evaluation of alcoholic
      myocardiopathy with various stages of hepatic damage].

PMID- 6445046
TI  - Complications of laparoscopic tubal sterilization.
AB  - The experience of laparoscopic sterilization in 5018 cases at the Deaconess
      Division of Buffalo General Hospital over a period of 8.5 years is presented. The
      procedure was completed in 4992 cases, with a complication rate of less than 1%
      and with no operative mortality. One half of the patients with complications
      required a laparotomy. Bleeding was the most common complication; it accounted
      for exactly one half the complications. The laparotomy rate for all complications
      was 4.6 per 1000 cases. Seven ectopic and 4 intrauterine pregnancies occurred
      after this procedure, for a method failure rate of 2.2 per 1000 cases.
      Recommendations for prevention and management of complications are presented.

PMID- 6445047
TI  - Second-look laparoscopy prior to proposed second-look laparotomy.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the use of second-look
      laparoscopy in patients in complete clinical remission after prolonged
      chemotherapy for advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. Twenty-two patients with FIGO
      stages IIB, III, and IV ovarian adenocarcinoma underwent second-look laparoscopy
      after a median of 23 months of therapy. Eight (36.3%) patients had documented
      evidence of persistent ovarian cancer and were thus spared second-look
      laparotomy. Moreover, in 4 patients (18.1%), malignant cells in cytologic
      washings were the only laparoscopic evidence of persistent ovarian cancer. The
      absence of visible tumor and malignant cells in cytologic washings allows for the
      use of second-look laparotomy while the patient is under 1 anesthesia; the
      presence of tumor or malignant cells in cytologic washings spares the patient
      second-look laparotomy at that time.

PMID- 6445048
TI  - Management of first trimester pregnancy termination failures.
AB  - Suction curettage is the procedure of choice for first trimester abortion. The
      basic preevaluation and follow-up standards for this operation have been adopted
      by most physicians. In some instances, however, follow-up assessment may be
      inadequate, particularly regarding the histopathologic evaluation of uterine
      contents. As a result, recognition of serious conditions such as ectopic
      pregnancy may be delayed. When a first trimester abortion fails, when scanty
      tissue is obtained, or when histopathologic examination demonstrates only
      decidual tissue, an extrauterine pregnancy or pregnancy in an anomalous uterus
      must be considered. Ultrasonography and endoscopic methods such as laparoscopy
      and hysteroscopy are invaluable in locating the site of the pregnancy and in
      preventing serious sequelae. The authors report the outcome of 25 women in whom
      abortion by suction curettage failed. A protocol outlining the methods used for
      diagnosis and therapeutic management is presented.

PMID- 6445049
TI  - Pregnancy after laparoscopic sterilization.
AB  - The authors compare their experience with pregnancies after laparoscopic
      sterilization with thos reported in the literature. When misidentification and
      luteal phase pregnancies are excluded, the true failure rate for laparoscopic
      sterilization varies between 0.9 and 6 per 1000 sterilizations, depending in part
      on the technique used. This rate is similar to that of nonlaparoscopic
      techniques. The mechanical methods have a slightly higher rate than do the
      electrical methods. Pregnancies that occur after a method failure have a high
      risk of being ectopic. Reversal of laparoscopic sterilizations has now been
      reported with most methods. Reimplantation of the tube into the uterus and
      microsurgical techniques appear to produce similar results in patients sterilized
      by electrosurgical methods. Patients sterilized by mechanical methods are best
      managed by microsurgical reanastomosis.

PMID- 6445050
TI  - Chronic back pain: electromyographic, motion and behavioral assessments following
      sympathetic nerve blocks and placebos.
AB  - Twenty patients with chronic low back pain received 12 lumbar sympathetic
      injections, in a series of 6 with bupivacaine and a series of 6 with saline.
      Changes in subjective pain intensity, EMG from paravertebral muscles, joint
      ranges of mobility, and daily activity levels were measured at multiple intervals
      throughout treatment and at 3 monthly follow-up intervals. The MMPI was
      administered before treatment, after treatment and at 3-month follow-up. Results
      revealed significant reductions in subjective pain intensity lasting 1 month
      after treatment which were not significantly different during bupivacaine and
      saline injection periods. Patients' MMPI profiles were indicative of reduced
      depression and an increase in ability to manage their lives. No significant
      changes were recorded with respect to EMG, joint range of mobility, or daily
      activity levels. Results were discussed in terms of a massive placebo effect and
      analgesia obtained through hyperstimulation of various tissue structures. They
      are consistent with the hypothesis that central postsynaptic mechanisms were
      predominant in these patients' chronic back pain states. Because subjective pain
      relief did not independently produce increasing function, it was recommended that
      deep analgesic injections or other pain relieving techniques be matched with
      behavior modification leading to functional rehabilitation.

PMID- 6445051
TI  - The language of low back pain: factor structure of the McGill pain questionnaire.
AB  - Low back pain patients' responses to the McGill Pain Questionnaire were factor
      analyzed using a method of factor extraction which, relative to the procedures
      employed in previous investigations, minimized distortion of the factor solution.
      Four factors were found which accounted for 51% of the total variance. Three of
      the factors were composed solely of sensory, affective and evaluative descriptor
      subclasses, respectively. The fourth was defined by both sensory and affective
      subclasses. The results provided strong support for the continued use of the
      sensory, affective and evaluative pain rating indices. Suggestions regarding
      replication of the present study and use of pain language factor scales for
      predictive purposes were discussed.

PMID- 6445052
TI  - [Karyotypes of parents of children with Down's syndrome].

PMID- 6445053
TI  - [Significance of the type of chromosome aberrations and biochemical disorders for
      diagnosis of Down's syndrome and the phenotype of partial trisomy 21].

PMID- 6445054
TI  - [Humoral and cellular immunity in children with Down's syndrome].

PMID- 6445055
TI  - [Down's syndrome associated with Klinefelter's syndrome].

PMID- 6445056
TI  - [Incidence of association of acrocentric chromosomes].

PMID- 6445057
TI  - [Common backache].

PMID- 6445058
TI  - [Extra-dural spinal hematoma and atypical lumbo-sciatica].

PMID- 6445059
TI  - [Berotec, atrovent and atropine in the treatment of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 6445060
TI  - [Immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 6445061
TI  - [The modern indications for abortion (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445062
TI  - [Our experience in preventing posttransfusion hepatitis in the blood transfusion
      department of an obstetrics hospital].

PMID- 6445063
TI  - [Work experience in detecting tuberculosis among the population].

PMID- 6445064
TI  - [Experience in organizing and conducting prophylactic examinations for
      tuberculosis in an urban population].

PMID- 6445065
TI  - [Use of etimizol in the overall antibacterial therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis
      in a sanatorium].

PMID- 6445066
TI  - Differential behavioral responses of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and
      normotensive (WKY) rats to d-amphetamine.
AB  - A comparison was made in the behavioral responses of spontaneously hypertensive
      (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats to d-amphetamine. Animals were
      tested at a young age (6 weeks) to minimize the effects of elevated blood
      pressure on drug responsiveness. SHR rats were more active than WKY rats after
      injections of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine. A significant strain
      difference in stereotypy was also noted; rearing occurred in SHR rats while
      lateral or vertical head movements (head waving) occurred in WKY rats. The lack
      of significant strain differences in the behavioral responses of rats to
      apomorphine, a direct acting dopamine agonist, suggested that the differential
      behavioral responses to d-amphetamine were not a result of differences between
      strains in receptor sensitivity. Pretreatment of rats with reserpine eliminated
      the strain differences in behavioral responses to d-amphetamine. Pretreatment of
      rats with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine prior to administration of d-amphetamine
      elminated the strain differences in stereotyped behavior; however, WKY rats
      remained less active than SHR rats. Pretreatment of SHR rats with
      parachlorophenylalanine had no  effect on the behavioral responses to d
      amphetamine. In contrast, pretreatment of WKY rats with parachlorophenylalanine
      resulted in an increase in rearing and a decrease in head waving following an
      injection of d-amphetamine. These findings suggest that the differences in
      responses to d-amphetamine of SHR and WKY rats are due in part to variations in
      the activities of central catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons.

PMID- 6445067
TI  - Antispasmodic activity of Origanum compactum.

PMID- 6445068
TI  - Death anxiety of rehabilitation counselors and clients.

PMID- 6445069
TI  - Court, Warnock, Jay -- words or action for children with handicaps?

PMID- 6445070
TI  - The court report.

PMID- 6445071
TI  - Applications of pulsed Doppler techniques.

PMID- 6445072
TI  - The effect of radiopharmaceutical incubation time on bone scan quality.
AB  - Clinical variability in the quality of bone scans led to an evaluation of the
      effect of incubation time on the bone scanning agent as it affects the background
      quality of the scan. Results of the study suggest that an incubation time of 30
      minutes produces optimal bone to soft-tissue ratios with 99mtechnetium methylene
      diphosphonate.

PMID- 6445073
TI  - [Difficulties of forensic psychiatry in handling the invalids' claims for
      compensation with regard to war-time damages].

PMID- 6445075
TI  - Low back pain.

PMID- 6445074
TI  - [Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and hyperthrophic myocardiopathy].

PMID- 6445076
TI  - Down's syndrome with XYY sex complement.

PMID- 6445077
TI  - Suppressor T-lymphocytes and auto-anti-B-cell cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in a case
      of acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia.
AB  - A case of acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia has been examined. Total and
      differential leucocyte counts and distribution were normal as were the lymphocyte
      sub-populations when defined by surface membrane immunoglobulin, E-, EA- and EAC
      rosette techniques. The proliferative response of unseparated lymphocytes to PHA
      and Con-A was normal while the response to PWM was clearly impaired. In contrast,
      testing of purified B-lymphocytes by PWM was within the normal range. The
      response to PWM was found to be depressed by adding the patient's T-lymphocytes
      to autologous B-lymphocytes as well as to B-lymphocytes from 10 normal, healthy
      controls. The patient's T-lymphocytes were further tested for cytotoxicity
      against autologous. B-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes from the 10 control
      individuals. Cytotoxicity was observed against autologous B-lymphocytes and
      against the B-lymphocytes of 3 controls. These findings indicate the presence of
      peripherally circulating unspecific T-suppressor lymphocytes and cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes of some immunogenetic specificity. The suppressor and cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes may separately or in combination be involved in the pathogenesis of
      hypogammaglobulinaemia. Thus, these findings are equivocal but underline the
      immunologic aspects of the pathogenesis.

PMID- 6445078
TI  - [Kinetics of cefoperazone and cefoperazone and cephalothin in rat tissues].
AB  - In order to study the behavior of two cephalosporines in various tissues, 100
      mg/kg of cefoperazone (CPZ) or cefalotine (CLT) were administered
      intraperitoneally to Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed by groups of 6 at
      intervals ranging from 30 min to 6 hours after the injection and bioassay of the
      antibiotic was carried out in 9 organs, the serum, and urine. There are marked
      differences in tissue affinity for each antibiotic, as well as between the tow
      antibiotics. With the exception of the renal medulla, CPZ penetrates most tissues
      better than CLT. This difference is particularly striking in the liver. The
      decline of concentrations is nearly the same in tissues and serum; it is 2--3
      times slower for CPZ. Concentration of CPZ exceed 1 microgram/g for more than 6
      hours in the kidney and 4 hours in the liver, whereas CLT cannot be quantified
      after 2 hours in the kidney and after 1 hour in the liver. As has been noted for
      other antibiotics, plasma protein binding has only limited influence on
      cephalosporin penetration into tissues. This study of pharmacokinetics in tissues
      shows that CPZ permeates well those tissues where it is supposed to be effective
      and remains there longer than CLT. The study illustrates a method which provides
      a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for antibiotic action.

PMID- 6445079
TI  - Inverse relation between low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and
      dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in human fetal plasma.
AB  - A striking inverse correlation was found in umbilical cord plasma between the
      concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL)-cholesterol but not high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or very low
      density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate is a major
      secretory product of the human fetal adrenal and the principal precursor of
      placental estrogen production. The data suggest that the concentrations for LDL
      cholesterol in fetal plasma are influenced by the rate of utilization of LDL
      cholesterol by the fetal adrenal for steroidogenesis and are not necessarily
      related to a genetic predisposition for hypercholesterolemia or other lipoprotein
      disorders.

PMID- 6445080
TI  - Scapulocostal syndrome: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - The scapulocostal syndrome is an often encountered yet infrequently diagnosed
      cause of back and/or shoulder pain. Results of examination and treatment in the
      three cases described point out the necessary differential diagnosis to
      effectively screen these groups of patients from among those with more complex
      diseases.

PMID- 6445081
TI  - [Ways to stimulate physician postgraduate training].

PMID- 6445082
TI  - [Ways to improve the research work planning in the scientific institutions of the
      Ministry of Public Health of the RSFSR].

PMID- 6445083
TI  - [Status and the prospects for improvement of the teaching of nervous diseases and
      psychiatry in the medical institutes of the RSFSR].

PMID- 6445084
TI  - Peritoneoscopy in a developing country.

PMID- 6445085
TI  - An electrocardiographic estimation of the left and right ventricular weight of
      the heart. Regression analysis based on the deviation from normal standards.
AB  - The deviation of the electrocardiographic deflections from normal standards and a
      grading of the ST segments were obtained from the ECGs of subjects who were
      subsequently examined by cardiac partitioning at autopsy. A stepwise, multiple,
      linear regression analysis was calculated, where the ventricular weights were the
      determinate variables, and the electrocardiographic deviation from normal
      standards, the grading of the ST segments, age and weight were the indeterminate
      variables. The results for the entire series of cases and subgroups were
      statistically significant at P less than 0,001. The wide spectrum of left and
      right ventricular weights required the establishment os subgroups, in which the
      variation in ventricular weight explained by the indeterminate variables was of a
      high order. The results were similar to estimations based on the actual
      electrocardiographic measurements rather than on their deviation from normal
      standards.

PMID- 6445086
TI  - [Medico-social effectiveness of the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation of
      patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6445087
TI  - [Prophylactic observation of nephrologic patients with sufficient renal
      function].

PMID- 6445088
TI  - [Various problems of dispensarization of patients with rheumatic fever in
      Kirghizia].

PMID- 6445089
TI  - Studies on the purification and characterization of human urinary plasminogen and
      plasmin.
AB  - A new method is described for the preparation of highly purified human
      plasminogen and plasmin with specific activity of 32 CTA units per mg of protein.
      With this method, the purification of the urinary plasminogen + plasmin antigenic
      materials from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, disseminated
      intravascular coagulation syndrome and severe toxemia of pregnancy was performed,
      and the resulting highly purified proenzyme and enzyme were analyzed by
      immunoelectrophoresis, separative agar electrophoresis, gel filtration and SDS
      gel electrophoresis. Our findings indicated that urinary plasmin reflects more
      closely the extent of intraglomerular fibrinolysis, while urinary plasminogen
      reflects non-selective proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or
      severe toxemia of pregnancy.

PMID- 6445090
TI  - Complete covalent structure of human platelet factor 4.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the subunit of human platelet factor 4 has been
      determined. Human platelet factor 4 consists of identical subunits containing 70
      amino acids, each with a molecular weight of 7,756. The molecule contains no
      methionine, phenylalanine or tryptophan. The proposed amino acid sequence of PF4
      is: Glu-Ala-Glu-Glu-Asp-Gly-Asp-Leu-Gln-Cys-Leu-Cys-Val-Lys-Thr-Thr-Ser-Gln-Val
      Arg-Pro-Arg-His-Ile-Thr-Ser-Leu-Glu-Val-Ile-Lys-Ala-Gly-Pro-His-Cys-Pro-Thr-Ala
      Gln-Leu-Ile-Ala-Thr-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Lys-Ile-Cys-Leu-Asp-Leu-Gln-Ala-Pro-Leu
      Tyr-Lys-Lys-Ile-Ile-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-Glu-Ser. From consideration of the homology
      with beta-thromboglobulin, disulphide bonds between residues 10 and 36 and
      between residues 12 and 52 can be inferred.

PMID- 6445091
TI  - Macromolecules released from platelet storage organelles.

PMID- 6445092
TI  - Low affinity platelet factor 4 and high affinity platelet factor 4--two
      antiheparin factors secreted by human platelets.

PMID- 6445093
TI  - Enhanced in vivo platelet "release reaction" in old healthy individuals.

PMID- 6445094
TI  - Direct photometric or fluorometric assay of proteinases using substrates
      containing 7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin.

PMID- 6445095
TI  - The binding of plasmin-streptokinase complex to fibrin monomer-sepharose.

PMID- 6445096
TI  - [Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome].

PMID- 6445097
TI  - [Malignant neoplasm morbidity of the maxillofacial area and its prognosis in the
      Moldavian SSR].

PMID- 6445098
TI  - [State of the oral cavity of workers in apatite-nepheline production].

PMID- 6445099
TI  - Immunological reactivity between chimeric cattle twins. III. Mixed leukocyte
      reaction.
AB  - Leukocytes from chimeric calves invariably failed to mount a proliferative
      response in excess of control responses when cultured with cotwin cells as
      stimulators. The levels of cellular proliferation in control cultures of
      leukocytes from chimeric donors were so low as to exclude the occurrence of any
      auto-stimulation, and it was clear that the absence of excess proliferation in
      mixed cultures could not be attributed to elevated background levels. Attempts to
      restore reactivity in mixed leukocyte culture by removal of cell subpopulations
      from chimeric calf leukocytes and by modification of cell surfaces were
      unsuccessful. It was inferred that the unreactivity between chimeric cotwins
      manifest in the normal lymphocyte transfer and mixed leukocyte reactions was
      unlikely to be produced by humoral or cellular blocking mechanisms.

PMID- 6445100
TI  - In vitro generation of human mixed lymphocyte culture suppressor cells. I.
      Cellular characterization and specificity.
AB  - The mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from two
      prospective kidney transplant recipients and their respective donors, produced a
      primed cell population that functioned as suppressors. The primed cells
      suppressed the primary and secondary MLC when added as third components, without
      demonstrable cytotoxic cells. Suppressor cells were derived from the MLCs of
      related pairs that were genotyped to be: (1) serologically defined (SD) identical
      and lymphocyte-defined (LD) nonidentical, and (2) HLA (total MHC) identical.
      Primed cells derived from MLC of unrelated HLA nonidentical subjects also showed
      similar effects. Two general patterns of inhibition were observed: a marked
      specific suppression of the autologous responding cells and, to a lesser degree,
      nonspecific suppression. The T cell fraction derived from the primed suppressor
      population was suppressive, the cells with B cell characteristics were not
      suppressive. The suppressive effect of cells generated in MLC was serially
      monitored after kidney transplantation. The suppressive activity of the primed
      cells was absent in the early postoperative period (4 weeks), perhaps because of
      high dose immunosuppression, but later in the course suppression was evident
      again (2 to 5 months). Manipulation of this T suppressor cell population may
      prove to be of value in enhancing graft acceptance.

PMID- 6445101
TI  - Blocking induction of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes with anti-Ia xenoantiserum.
AB  - A xenoantiserum to human Ia antigens has been described that is capable of
      blocking not only stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) but also the
      induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Data from immunofluorescence as well
      as complement-dependent cytolytic assays indicate that the anti-Ia xenoantiserum
      is directed against B cell surface antigens. Inhibition of complement-dependent
      cytolysis with column fractions of B cell antigens and autoradiography of immune
      precipitates electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels
      have established that the antigen detected by the xenoantiserum has
      characteristics of the human two-polypeptide Ia molecular complex. Allogeneic
      stimulator cells pretreated with anti-Ia at very low doses were unable to
      stimulate in the MLR and failed to induce CTLs. Neither anti-beta 2-microglobulin
      nor a non-HLA-associated antilymphocyte serum in similar dose ranges inhibited
      MLR or cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. Absorption of anti-Ia
      xenoantiserum with B lymphoblasts, but not T lymphoblasts, removed inhibitory
      activity for both MLR and CML. Untreated third-party stimulator cells
      cocultivated with anti-Ia-pretreated stimulator cells provided stimulation in the
      MLR that apparently allowed partial recovery of CML against targets from the same
      donor as the anti-Ia-treated stimulator cells. Elimination of the helper effect,
      normally provided by MLR stimulation, may be one mechanism by which anti-Ia
      xenoantiserum prevents induction of CTLs.

PMID- 6445102
TI  - Attempts to enhance kidney allografts in DLA-identical dogs with specific anti-IA
      like sera.
AB  - Attempts at enhancement of kidney allografts in DLA-identical dogs by injection
      of specific antidonor Ia-like antibodies or IgG are reported. Anti Ia-like sera
      were raised by immunization with allogeneic, splenocytes and subsequently
      adsorbed on platelets from the immunizing dog. Platelets were obtained from an
      average of 20 plasmaphoreses of each immunizing dog and from a pool of random
      mongrel dogs. No statistical differences were noticed either in survival time or
      blood urea levels in pairs of DLA-identical recipients (SD identical and negative
      mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) engrafted with either the right donor kidney along
      with control normal dog sera or the left kidney of the same donor along with the
      specific antidonor Ia-like sera or IgG. The data indicate that an enhancement
      procedure easily performed in rodents is not reproducible in dogs.

PMID- 6445103
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts induced in
      ALS-treated, marrow-injected mice.
AB  - The role of the spleen in the induction and maintenance of unresponsiveness to
      skin allografts and in the generation of suppressor cells has been studied in ALS
      treated B6AF1 mice grafted with C3H/He skin and injected with C3H/He marrow.
      B6AF1 mice were splenectomized either before the induction of unresponsiveness or
      on day +13, +28, or +42 after unresponsiveness was induced. Graft survival in the
      splenectomized mice was compared to that observed in nonsplenectomized ALS
      treated, marrow-injected controls. Graft survival was prolonged equally in all
      splenectomized groups and the nonsplenectomized controls. To study the effect of
      the spleen on the generation of suppressor cells, lymph node cells were removed
      at day +42 from splenectomized ALS-treated, marrow-injected B6AF1 mice bearing
      C3H/He skin grafts and transferred to ALS-treated B6AF1 recipientso ALS-treated
      BTAF1 recipients grafted with C3H/He skin. Graft survival in the secondary
      recipients receiving lymph node cells from splenectomized donors was compared to
      that observed in ALS-treated B6AF1 mice that received lymph node cells
      transferred from nonsplenectomized enhanced donors. Suppressor cell activity
      could be detected in the nodes of splenectomized mice, but a higher dose of lymph
      node cells was required to transfer unresponsiveness from splenectomized donors
      compared to nonsplenectomized donors. These results indicate that the spleen is
      not necessary for the induction or maintenance of unresponsiveness to skin
      allografts in ALS-treated, marrow-injected mice. In addition, suppressor cells
      can be generated in the lymph nodes of unresponsive mice in the absence of the
      spleen, although the production of suppressor cells appears to be less effective
      in splenectomized mice than in mice with intact spleens.

PMID- 6445104
TI  - Suppressor T cells in tolerance to deaggregated horse anti-human thymocyte
      globulin in man.
AB  - To understand the mechanism by which deaggregated horse anti-human thymocyte
      globulin (dATG) fails to induce untoward immunological reactions in man, three
      patients who received ATG and two patients who received dATG were studied for
      evidence of sensitization or tolerance to the foreign globulin. The ATG but not
      the dATG recipients developed allergic or serum sickness reactions; antihorse
      serum antibody could be detected in their serum and their blood cells
      proliferated in vitro in the presence of horse serum and secreted antihorse serum
      antibodies (P less than 0.001). Tolerance of the dATG recipients was shown to be
      mediated by specific T suppressor cells that carry receptors for horse serum and
      could be detected in the blood of one patient, whom we have studied serially, 13
      weeks after therapy. Deaggregated ATG does not induce allergic or serum sickness
      reactions. It induces tolerance to the foreign protein via the generation of
      specific short-lived suppressor cells.

PMID- 6445105
TI  - Persistent nonspecific immunosuppression after a course of cyclosporin A.

PMID- 6445106
TI  - On the nature of the antigen (HO-SAL) responsible for protection of August rats
      against a syngeneic leukemia following immunization with AgB-identical allogeneic
      cells.

PMID- 6445107
TI  - Antitumor cytotoxic T cells and non-T-cells generated by allosensitization in
      vitro.

PMID- 6445108
TI  - Variation in expression of H-2 histocompatibility antigens on tumor cells.

PMID- 6445109
TI  - Pattern of hypertension in the northern savanna of Nigeria.

PMID- 6445110
TI  - [Lumbar pain in general practice].

PMID- 6445111
TI  - [Direct expences in the health care of low back pain in a general practice].

PMID- 6445112
TI  - [Laparoscopic sterilization with the Falope ring].

PMID- 6445113
TI  - [Hysterosalpingographic control of patients sterilized by laparoscopy].

PMID- 6445114
TI  - [Immediate and late complications of laparoscopic sterilization].

PMID- 6445115
TI  - [Laparoscopic sterilization with a silicone rubber ring (Falope-ring)].

PMID- 6445116
TI  - [Factors facilitating the onset of urolithiasis].

PMID- 6445117
TI  - Accuracy and interpretation of results from the DISA momentum flux meter.

PMID- 6445118
TI  - A proposed ultramicroscopic structure of the mammalian glomerular basement
      membrane.

PMID- 6445119
TI  - [Toward the further improvement of the work of the ophthalmology departments].

PMID- 6445120
TI  - [Anniversary of the 1st chair of roentgenology].

PMID- 6445121
TI  - Rex-dependent exclusion of lambdoid phages. I. Prophage requirements for
      exclusion.

PMID- 6445122
TI  - Rex-dependent exclusion of lambdoid phages. II. Determinants of sensitivity to
      exclusion.

PMID- 6445123
TI  - Rex-dependent exclusion of lambdoid phages. III. Physiology of the abortive
      infection.

PMID- 6445125
TI  - [50th anniversary of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology of
      the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy].

PMID- 6445124
TI  - [Clinical aspects and prevention of dermatitides from chemical exposure].

PMID- 6445126
TI  - [Enzymatic activity of the glycolytic and pentosemonophosphate pathways of
      carbohydrate conversion in the heart in hypertrophy].
AB  - In myocardial hypertrophy activity of hexokinase was decreased in heart
      mitochondria and increased in the supernatant obtained after precipitation of the
      mitochondria. Activities of phosphofructokinase and fructose diphosphate aldolase
      were decreased within the acute period of hyperfunction and hypertrophy of
      myocardium. Under these conditions pentosemopophosphate shunt of carbohydrate
      metabolism was activated as indicated by the increase in glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity; the enzyme activity was decreased during the period of
      hypertrophy atabilization. Possible causes of alteration in the activity of the
      enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism under conditions of heart hypertrophy are
      discussed.

PMID- 6445127
TI  - [Epidemiological problems of obesity].
AB  - The results of epidemiological survey of the population living in the middle zone
      of the Soviet Union and in the GDR are considered. Comparison of the data
      obtained shows that overweight is a very prevalent abnormal condition among the
      test population groups in both countries and amounts to 26% (USSR) and 30% (GDR).
      Excess animal fat consumption in the presence of a decreased quota of vegetable
      oil has been established and a significant increase in monosaccharides intake
      noted. Attention is attracted by insufficient quota of fresh vegetables and fruit
      in the diets of the population of both countries. Qualitative and quantitative
      nutritional pitfalls were shown to be aggravated in obese people. Violation of
      dietetic regimens and decreased physical activity play a definite role in the
      development of overweight. A program on primary and secondary prevention of
      overweight has been established. It includes a number of measures both common and
      specific to the GDR and the USSR.

PMID- 6445128
TI  - [Change in the blood serum amino acid spectrum in workers engaged in the
      manufacture of acrylonitrile and the ways for its correction via nutrition].
AB  - A group of 100 workers employed in acrylonitrile production were examined. The
      blood serum showed a decreased content of free sulfur-containing, mostly
      indispensable amino acids, free sulfhydryl groups and diminution of the activity
      of blood enzymes. On the basis of the data obtained a diet has been developed
      which includes foodstuffs rich in amino acids. After 24 days on this diet the
      workers were examined at the prophylactorium of the chemical works. The diet was
      shown to exert a favourable effect on the content of free amino acids and
      activity of serum enzymes.

PMID- 6445130
TI  - [Management of a system of work capacity expertise].

PMID- 6445129
TI  - [State of the reserve pathway of adenine nucleotide synthesis in the erythrocytes
      of white rats with vitamin A deficiency].
AB  - In spite of the fact that vitamin A exerts an obvious effect on cell membrane
      permeability, the specific mechanisms of vitamin A participation in stabilizing
      the cell membrane remain unclear. Therefore studies on the effect vitamin A
      produces on the main and reserve pathways of the synthesis of adenylnucleotides
      are of great importance. The experiments on Wistar rats showed that under vitamin
      A deficiency the content of ATP and ADP in red cells dramatically changed as
      compared to that in control animals. The ADP content rose by 28% while ATP
      content dropped down by 33%. Following 14C-adenine administration to the test
      animals, the label incorporation rate into ADP increased and that into ATP
      declined. Investigations of the variations produced led to revealing an increase
      in the activity of phosphatases: Mg2+, Na+, K+-ATPase, K+, Na+-ATPase, Mg2
      ATPase.

PMID- 6445131
TI  - [Rehabilitation of preasthma patients in the seaside sanatoria of the Crimea].

PMID- 6445132
TI  - [Pyodermatitis in Donbass miners].

PMID- 6445133
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of mechanical jaundice and the verification of the
      results via laparotomy (proceedings)].

PMID- 6445134
TI  - Heroin dependence in developing countries: WHO collaborates in treatment
      evaluation studies.

PMID- 6445135
TI  - [Fissure sealants in the prevention of dental caries].

PMID- 6445136
TI  - [Female androgenic alopecia].

PMID- 6445137
TI  - [Skin manifestations of drug hypersensitivity and its diagnosis].

PMID- 6445138
TI  - [Characteristics of the health status of female workers engaged in the
      manufacture of artificial fiber].

PMID- 6445139
TI  - [Economic problems of organizing tuberculosis prevention care].

PMID- 6445140
TI  - [Methodological and organizational problems of the expertise of temporary work
      incapacity].

PMID- 6445141
TI  - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in the workers of the Cheboksary
      electrical equipment plant].

PMID- 6445142
TI  - [Concern for the protection of the health of women is an important social task].

PMID- 6445143
TI  - [Joint work experience of pediatricians and obstetricians in decreasing infant
      mortality].

PMID- 6445144
TI  - [Organization of practical exercises in microbiology].

PMID- 6445145
TI  - [Analysis of the stability of student knowledge as a method of optimizing
      teaching].

PMID- 6445146
TI  - [Medical work expertise problems in the ambulatory care of hypertension].

PMID- 6445147
TI  - [Efficient utilization of the bed resources of tuberculosis prevention
      establishments and the methods of evaluating their activities].

PMID- 6445148
TI  - [Experience in organizing medical care for women of child-bearing age].

PMID- 6445149
TI  - [Work experience of a provincial gastroenterology center].

PMID- 6445150
TI  - [Experience with organizing a wall newspaper for a medical college].

PMID- 6445151
TI  - [Faithfulness to the North].

PMID- 6445152
TI  - Influence of mithramycin on some platelet functions in vitro.
AB  - Platelet-rich plasma was incubated with mithramycin in vitro. This diminished
      platelet aggregation by ADP and adrenaline, but did not interfere with collagen
      induced aggregation. Platelet factor 4 release was diminished by ADP and delayed
      when induced by adrenaline but normal when induced by collagen. Platelet factor 3
      availability was not significantly impaired. Reptilase clot retraction was
      diminished when induced by ADP but normal when induced by collagen. Uptake of 14C
      serotonin and 14C-adenine was slightly inhibited. There was no depression in
      platelet adhesion or release of serum aggregating activity.

PMID- 6445153
TI  - Defective stimulating capacity of leukocytes in mixed leukocyte culture in
      constitutional aplastic anemia caused by suppressor T cells. A case study.
AB  - A patient with constitutional Fanconi-like aplastic anemia who developed a
      preleukemic state was transplanted with bone marrow from his HLA-identical MLC
      negative brother. Before transplantation his mononuclear leukocytes were found to
      have a defective stimulating and responder capacity in mixed leukocyte culture
      with cells of an unrelated individual. After removal of T cells the stimulating
      capacity was completely restored. MLC testing with separated cell fractions seems
      important to establish HLA-D identity with a possible donor, especially when MLC
      tests with unseparated cells are negative.

PMID- 6445154
TI  - Detection of acid mucopolysaccharides in human brain tumors by histochemical
      methods.
AB  - Acid mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) are identified by histochemical
      methods in biopsies of 107 human brain tumors. Isomorphous oligodendrogliomas and
      astrocytomas stained with alcian blue show marked, weblike, or diffuse
      distribution and concentration of acid mucopolysaccharides. Histochemically, the
      characteristics of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate are found. They seem
      to be closely associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of the tumor cells.
      Increased dedifferentiation and malignancy lead to a progressive loss of
      alcianophilia. In tumors such as ependymomas, meningiomas, sarcomas, and
      medulloblastomas, concentration of alcian blue is found only in the blood vessel
      walls and connective tissue. In neurinomas a greater amount of acid
      mucopolysaccharides can be shown not only in the collagen fibers but also in
      tumor areas of the Antoni-B-type. One case of cerebral neuroblastoma revealed
      marked alcianophilia of the parenchyma and stroma. As with findings in
      experimental brain tumors, an altered regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism
      of the glia cells during neoplastic transformation is discussed as a reason for
      the alcianophilia of gliomas.

PMID- 6445155
TI  - Zinc and immune function in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Low levels of zinc in serum and high in blood clots were found in 12 patients
      with Down's syndrome (DS). They also had an immune deficiency characterized by
      depressed neutrophil chemotaxis, skin hypersensitivity and lymphocyte
      responsiveness to PHA in vitro. The patients received zinc sulphate,
      corresponding to 135 mg Zn++ daily. After treatment for 2 months' serum zinc
      levels had increased, neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness was normal in 11 of
      the 12 patients and there were improved lymphocyte responses to high doses of PHA
      in vitro. Delayed skin reactivity to DNCB was also improved in 10 of 11 patients
      after zinc therapy. Zinc deficiency may in part explain the increased
      susceptibility to infection in DS.

PMID- 6445156
TI  - Relation between ventricular arrhythmias and psychological profile.
AB  - The association between psychological characteristics and ventricular arrhythmias
      was investigated in 150 men (50 with manifest IHD, 50 with risk indicators of IHD
      and 50 healthy men). Arrhythmias were recorded with 24-hour Holter monitoring.
      Psychological characteristics were assessed by the Emotions Profile Index and the
      Structured Interview for pattern A behaviour. A depressive emotional state was
      associated with prognostically severe ventricular arrhythmia in healthy men, but
      not in men with overt IHD or risk indicators of IHD. When clinical
      characteristics and age were taken into account, depressiveness was-among healthy
      men-the second most important factor after high age. The results suggest that-in
      absence of IHD or other cardiovascular disease-a depressive emotional state may
      participate in the formation of ventricular arrhythmia.

PMID- 6445157
TI  - Delayed diagnosis of duodenal obstruction in Down syndrome.
AB  - Four children with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) came to medical attention in late
      childhood with symptoms of obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Each
      patient had radiographic evaluation. The combination of Down syndrome, retained
      foreign material in the stomach or proximal duodenum, and obstruction resulted in
      the diagnosis of congenital duodenal stenosis in each patient.

PMID- 6445158
TI  - Community-based and college-based needs assessment of physically disabled
      persons.
AB  - A descriptive survey was conducted to determine the self-perceived needs of
      physically disabled persons as a preliminary step toward establishing or
      designing a knowledge base for occupational therapy intervention at a community
      college. Demographic and needs data were statistically compared with those from a
      sample of nondisabled college students. Significant differences in the confidence
      to perform congnitive/problem-solving, social/recreational, school/vocational,
      home and community mobility skills were found, with the disabled reporting
      lowered or less confidence. Confidence in performing basic activities of daily
      living was the only area in which the difference was not significant. No
      significant differences were obtained in general interests except that a higher
      frequency of disabled reported not wanting to participate in sports. The greatest
      amounts of interest were in crafts/fine arts and in social/recreational
      activities. Implications were drawn for occupational therapy programming to
      improve confidence in independent living skills by using the subjects'
      predominant interests.

PMID- 6445159
TI  - Public residential schools for deaf students in the United States, 1970-1978.

PMID- 6445161
TI  - Spectinomycin therapy for gonorrhea in prepubertal children.
AB  - Twenty-six episodes of gonococcal urethritis or vulvovaginitis in 24 prepubertal
      patients were each treated with a single intramuscular (IM) dose of spectinomycin
      hydrochloride. Twenty-five episodes were treated successfully, and there were no
      side effects from this therapy. All tested isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were
      susceptible in vitro to spectinomycin, and all serum levels one hour after
      therapy were in at least two-fold excess of the observed minimum inhibitory
      concentrations. Two patients had symptomatic and two had asymptomatic
      postgonococcal anogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. A single dose of
      IM spectinomycin is a safe and efficacious regimen for uncomplicated gonococcal
      infection in prepubertal children who are penicillin-allergic or who have
      infections unresponsive or resistant to other antimicrobials, but it is not
      effective against incubating syphilis or chalmydial infection.

PMID- 6445160
TI  - The heart of a dancer: noninvasive cardiac evaluation of professional ballet
      dancers.

PMID- 6445162
TI  - The metabolism of androstenedione in human pregnancy: the use of constant
      infusion of unlabeled steroid to assess its metabolic clearance rate, its
      production rate, and its conversion into androgens and estrogens.
AB  - Using constant infusion of unlabeled steroid, we have studied the metabolic
      clearance rate (MCR), half-life (T 1/2), and conversion ratio of androstenedione
      (A) into androgens and estrogens throughout human pregnancy. In nonpregnant
      women, results obtained by infusion of unlabeled A were identical to those
      obtained by the infusion of either labeled steroid or a mixture of labeled and
      unlabeled steroid. A twofold increase in the infusion rate did not change any of
      these results, indicating that enzyme availability was not a limiting step. When
      compared to the nonpregnant state, pregnancy was associated with a twofold rise
      in plasma A production rate (PR) (p less than 0.05) but with minimal changes in
      its MCR or its T 1/2, thus leading to a twofold increase in the plasma
      concentration of A (p less than 0.05). The conversion of A into testosterone (T)
      rose twofold at term pregnancy (p less than 0.05), whereas that of A into estrone
      (E1) rose fivefold (p less than 0.01) and that of A into estradiol (E2) rose 16
      fold (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that constant infusions of unlabeled A
      can be used successfully to study the kinetics of A when one is reluctant to
      infuse isotopic steroid.

PMID- 6445163
TI  - Skin perfusion in pregnancy.
AB  - Skin perfusion was monitored by photoelectric flow sensing in 42 pregnant and 20
      nonpregnant women to obtain direct objective measurements of skin blood flow
      changes in pregnancy. The skin perfusion was found to increase significantly at
      the sixteenth gestational week and this increase was maintained at least 1 week
      post partum. The maximum increase, which was 3 to 4 times the control values,
      occurred between the twentieth and thirtieth week of gestation. No significant
      differences were found between normal and hypertensive pregnant patients, but
      significant decreases in skin perfusion were found in the supine position in
      patients with a positive "supine pressor test." These results indicate a pattern
      of increase in skin perfusion during pregnancy which appears to vary inversely
      with the reported increase in peripheral resistance.

PMID- 6445164
TI  - Fluctuating dental asymmetry: a measure of developmental instability in Down
      syndrome.
AB  - Subjects with Down syndrome provide a useful model for investigating the effect
      of chromosomal aneuploidy on developmental pathways. Studies suggest that a major
      effect of trisomy is a decrease in developmental stability. The present study
      examines fluctuating dental asymmetry in Down syndrome. Mesiodistal crown
      diameters were measured from dental casts of 114 Down syndrome subjects.
      Correlation coefficients for antimeric permanent teeth served as an index of
      dental asymmetry. These values were compared with normal values obtained from the
      literature. Fluctuating dental asymmetry is thought to reflect the relative
      success of developmental homeostasis in countering developmental disturbances.
      Down syndrome subjects have significantly increased dental asymmetry. In
      addition, they show a disproportionate increase in dental asymmetry for those
      teeth reported to have the least developmental stability. These results support
      the contention that the chromosomal imbalance in Down syndrome results in
      amplified developmental instability.

PMID- 6445165
TI  - Food restriction as a modulator of age-related changes in serum lipids.
AB  - Fischer 344 male rats were either fed ad libitum or 60% of the ad libitum intake.
      The restriction of food intake markedly increased the median length of life.
      Postabsorptive serum cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations increase in the
      ad libitum-fed rats with increasing age. Life-prolonging food restriction does
      not influence the serum levels of these lipids in young rats but delays the age
      related increase in concentrations. Postabsorptive serum free fatty acid (FFA)
      concentrations decrease with advancing age in ad libitum-fed rats. Life
      prolonging food restriction, while not affecting the serum FFA levels in young
      rats, delays and possibly partially prevents the age-related decrease in
      concentration. Food restriction lowers postabsorptive serum triglyceride levels
      at all ages studied. The data on serum cholesterol, phospholipids, and FFA
      provide further evidence that food restriction delays age-related changes in the
      physiological systems of rats. This delay of physiological decline may well
      retard the occurrence of age-related disease processes, thus prolonging life.

PMID- 6445166
TI  - Cl--HCO3--ATPase in gills of the rainbow trout: evidence for its microsomal
      localization.
AB  - The intracellular localization of a Cl--HCO3--ATPase, which is inhibited by SCN-,
      was studied in the gills of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. This activity can
      be measured in the absence of contamination by mitochondria (i.e., in the absence
      of succinate dehydrogenase or cytochrome c oxidase activities). The distribution
      of the 5'-nucleotidase and of the ATPase stimulated by Cl- and HCO3- after
      sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the microsomal fraction was compared.
      Because those activities cannot be separated, it is postulated that the anion
      stimulated ATPase is located in the plasma membrane. The activation of this
      microsomal anion ATPase by chloride has been studied extensively. The possible
      role of the Cl--HCO3--ATPase of trout gills in the Cl-/HCO3- exchange and in the
      regulation of the internal acid-base balance is discussed.

PMID- 6445167
TI  - A simple method of predicting severe sepsis in burn patients.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with major thermal injury were studied with sequential tests
      of immunocompetence. Five to 8 days after burn, 12 of 26 patients developed a
      marked depression in the phytohemagglutinin response (17 +/- 8 percent of
      baseline) and an increase in suppression of the normal mixed leukocyte response
      (70 +/- 13 percent suppression), which was followed by severe life-threatening
      sepsis 4 to 5 days later. Concomitant with this marked immunosuppression, the 12
      patients developed red debris in the normally white mononuclear layer of the
      Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation gradients used to separate mononuclear
      cells. None of the 14 patients with minimal or no sepsis developed red debris in
      Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, nor did they show signs of immune depression by
      phytohemagglutinin or mixed leukocyte response assays. The only patients in the
      severe sepsis group who survived were those given aminoglycosides at the time red
      debris was observed on the Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. The presence of red debris
      on Ficoll-Hypaque separation appears to be a simple and reliable predictor of
      impending sepsis, which allows the use of antibiotics before the clinical onset
      of sepsis.

PMID- 6445168
TI  - [Prognostic value of hormonal studies of the amniotic fluid in pregnancy with a
      high fetal risk].

PMID- 6445169
TI  - The ansa cervicalis and the infrahyoid muscles of the rat. I. Anatomy;
      distribution, number and diameter of fiber types; motor units.

PMID- 6445170
TI  - Incorporation of nitrogen-15 from dietary [15N] diammonium citrate into amino
      acids of liver and muscle proteins in germfree and specific-pathogen-free
      neonatal pigs.
AB  - Incorporation of 15N from dietary [15N]diammonium citrate ([15N]DAC) into amino
      acids isolated from hydrolyzed tissue proteins was investigated in the presence
      or absence of intestinal flora in neonatal pigs. The 15N was incorporated into
      all of the essential and nonessential amino acids from liver and muscles in one
      of two germfree pigs and two specific-pathogen-free pigs which were killed on the
      5th day after the administration of [15N]DAC. But, a higher 15N concentration
      than natural abundance of 15N was not detected in histidine, lysine, and
      threonine from these tissues in another germfree pig killed the next day.
      Nitrogen transfer from DAC into all amino acids, including these three essential
      amino acids, may be possible in the specific-pathogen-free pig and even in the
      germfree pig.

PMID- 6445171
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in Marek's disease: cytotoxic responses in resistant and
      susceptible chickens and relation to disease.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to study the cell-mediated cytotoxicity of
      peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from chickens inoculated with Marek's disease
      virus (MDV) against a Marek's disease-derived lymphoblastoid cell line (MSB-1)
      and to associate the cytotoxicity with incidence of disease. In experiment I,
      moderately susceptible random-bred, specific-pathogen-free chickens were
      inoculated with MDV (group 1), vaccinated with a herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and
      inoculated with MDV (group 2), vaccinated with HVT and inoculated with chicken
      kidney cells (CKC; group 3), and inoculated with CKC only (group 4). Cytotoxic
      activity in the PBL was detected initially during the first week after MDV
      inoculation and periodically throughout the observation period (groups 1, 2, and
      3). Throughout the observation period, the magnitude of cytotoxic activity was
      similar in PBL from groups 1 and 2 chickens. The PBL from both surviving and
      fatally infected chickens (groups 1 and 2) were similarly cytotoxic when sampled
      during the first 16 days after MDV inoculation. In experiment II, inbred
      genetically susceptible (line 7) and resistant (line 6) chickens were used.
      Cytotoxic activity of PBL of significantly greater magnitude was associated with
      a lower mortality or incidence of gross lesions (or both) in MDV-inoculated line
      6 (group B) and HVT-vaccinated and MDV-inoculated line 7 (group C) chickens
      compared with activity of PBL from MDV-inoculated line 7 (group A) chickens. The
      cytotoxic activity of PBL from individual inbred chickens did not correlate with
      the outcome of the infection.

PMID- 6445172
TI  - [Down's dyndrome and congenital heart disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Out of a group of 113 cases of Down's syndrome 50 were associated with congenital
      heart disease, confirmed by haemodynamic, angiographic and surgical means. The
      mean age was 36.6 months. Twelve were cyanotic, six of them because of an
      inverted previous left-toright shunt. The endocardial cushion defect, alone or in
      association, accounted for 40% of these anomalies, and ventricular septal defect
      for 26%. If the cases with right ventricle outflow obstruction are excluded, 50%
      presented pulmonary pressures over 70 mmHg. In addition, 80% of endocardial
      cushion defects presented pulmonary hypertension, being the three fourths under
      one year of life. On the basis of the data presented, authors remark the need of
      an early approach to specialized diagnosis of these children, in order to allow
      an earlier surgical correction or palliation than in children without Down
      syndrome.

PMID- 6445173
TI  - [Rhus dermatitis or poison ivy dermatitis in Lorraine].

PMID- 6445174
TI  - [Polymorphous photodermatitis and disturbances of tryptophan metabolism (the
      kynurenine pathway)].

PMID- 6445175
TI  - National roster of HD families established.

PMID- 6445176
TI  - Acne vulgaris therapy.

PMID- 6445177
TI  - Yellow lunulae with fluorescence after tetracycline therapy.
AB  - Yellow lunulae with yellow fluorescence under Wood's lamp examination developed
      in a patient treated with a high-dose tetracycline hydrochloride regimen for
      cystic acne after one month of therapy. The clinical findings in other causes of
      yellow nail pigmentation are reviewed. The Wood's lamp examination is useful in
      distinguishing tetracycline-induced yellow nails from other causes of yellow nail
      pigmentation and may be helpful in determining patient compliance with
      tetracycline hydrochloride regimens of 1 g or more daily.

PMID- 6445178
TI  - Laparoscopy for questionable appendicitis: can it reduce the negative
      appendectomy rate?
AB  - Laparoscopy has been performed in 32 patients in whom the diagnosis of
      appendicitis was suspected, but in whom clinical findings were equivocal and
      insufficient to establish the diagnosis. These patients represented 13.6% of the
      total group of patients admitted with questionable appendicitis during this
      period. Fifty per cent of these 32 patients had unusual clinical features, such
      as a prolonged history of symptoms, significant intercurrent disease, prior
      treatment with antibiotics or steroids, etc. At laparoscopy, the diagnosis of
      acute appendicitis was made in 17 patients. Another disease was diagnosed in 8
      patients, and 7 were judged to have no pathologic abnormalities. There were two
      false negative examinations and one false positive, but no ruptured appendices
      resulted. Twelve patients (37.5%) were spared operation by laparoscopy. The
      negative appendectomy rate was decreased from 10 to 1%.

PMID- 6445179
TI  - Wall reinforcement with highly porous Dacron mesh in aortic surgery.
AB  - Wall reinforcement with highly porous synthetic Dacron mesh was devised and
      evaluated in various aortic operations. Excellent attachment of the mesh to the
      aortic wall, good preservation of pliability of the aorta, and efficient pressure
      resistance with minimal scar tissue formation were the usual findings. This type
      fo wall reinforcement was employed in 60 patients for the following indications:
      1) prevention of suture line complications; 2) wall reinforcement of aortic
      aneurysm without resection; 3) reinforcement of adventitia or autogenous vein
      following thromboendarterectomy. It is concluded that reinforcement with highly
      porous synthetic Dacron mesh should be superior to reinforcement with
      conventional prosthetic Dacron graft.

PMID- 6445180
TI  - Early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized study.
AB  - A randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare early and delayed
      cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Patients entering early (n = 83) or
      delayed (n = 82) surgery groups were comparable with regard to prerandomization
      data. One patient in the early group and five in the delayed group refused
      surgery (p < 0.1) and two misdiagnoses occurred in each group. (2.4%). There was
      no difference in the incidence of technical difficulty measured by operative
      complications and duration of operations between the two groups. The same number
      of patients with common duct stones and perforations of the gallbladder were in
      each group. There was one death in the delayed group and none in the early group.
      Postoperative morbidity was 13.8% in the early group and 17.3% in the delayed
      surgery group (p > 0.1). Wound complications were slightly more common in the
      early surgery group (p > 0.1). In the delayed surgery group 13% of the patients
      had to be operated on before the planned date of surgery because conservative
      management failed. In addition, 15% of the patients had clear recurrent symptoms.
      Early surgery reduced total hospital stay by a mean of 7.5 days and the period of
      the patient's incapacity for work by 14.4 days. The data suggest that in acute
      cholecystitis early surgery is preferable when performed by an experienced
      surgeon with adequate pre- and intraoperative aids. Besides lower costs it offers
      the advantage of avoiding recurrent attacks and emergency operations without
      increasing mortality or morbidity.

PMID- 6445181
TI  - Myocardial infarct size. Measurements and predictions.
AB  - Because patient prognosis is related in part to infarct size, therapies that
      could limit infarct size should be beneficial. The development of such therapies
      has been hampered by the lack of proven techniques to measure infarct size or to
      assess the effect of therapy in living patients. In addition, the evolution of
      ischemic cell death in human infarcts is not understood, and therefore the amount
      of ischemic myocardium that might be salvageable at various times after the onset
      of myocardial infarction is unknown. Experimental studies have contributed to our
      understanding of the evolution of acute myocardial infarcts. However, there is a
      continuing need for experimental and human anatomical studies to validate
      indirect in vivo techniques of estimating infarct size. In addition, reliable
      experimental models in which potential therapies can be tested are needed. In
      dogs, infarct size is predetermined in part by the amount of myocardium at risk
      and the amount of collateral flow in this risk region. Measuring these parameters
      should provide a framework within which the effects of therapy on infarct size
      can be assessed.

PMID- 6445182
TI  - Testicular fibrosis and cardiomegaly in Shwachman's syndrome.
AB  - Shwachman's syndrome is an uncommon disorder; its principal manifestations are
      pancreatic and hematopoietic insufficiency. We report here a case of Shwachman's
      syndrome with autopsy findings of cardiomegaly (anticipated from clinical
      observations) and unexpected testicular fibrosis, both examined by electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 6445183
TI  - The 29th Coulter Lecture. Person and situation: adjusting the rehabilitation
      focus.
AB  - Four factors are examined that deflect attention away from environmental
      considerations in accounting for a person's behavior. The factors are (a)
      proximity between person and behavior, (b) saliency of person as figure,
      environment as background, (c) covariation of behavior with person or situation,
      (d) position of the person as insider (actor) or outsider (observer). Theory,
      research and examples are brought to bear on the attribution analysis. Five
      recommendations are offered to check flawed human perception when engaging in a
      helping relationship.

PMID- 6445185
TI  - Physical therapy in Huntington disease.

PMID- 6445184
TI  - Prosthetic communication device.
AB  - A code-generating and display system is described which permits an individual who
      has lost vocal voluntary motor ability to communicate. The subject sustained
      severe brain damage in an automobile accident which left him without the power of
      speech or any significant motor ability, although he is not by definition
      quadriplegic. He lacks reliable control of eye blink, and the oral movements
      associated with sucking and blowing are severely impaired; thus, the usual
      foundations upon which prosthetic devices for quadriplegic patients are designed
      were not applicable in this case. The subject is confined to a bed, wheelchair,
      or an exercise table. The system described here has provided the subject with a
      simple and reliable means of communicating with his family and it permits him to
      communicate with persons who do not know the Morse code.

PMID- 6445186
TI  - A permeability defect of the retinal pigment epithelium. Occurrence in early
      streptozocin diabetes.
AB  - The permeability of the blood-retina barrier was tested in rats with early
      streptozocin-induced diabetes. Two different tracer substances were used:
      fluorescein sodium and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After intravenous
      administration, the ocular distribution of fluorescein was studied by
      fluorescence microscopy of freeze-dried tissue. A permeability defect of the
      pigment epithelium to fluorescein was present in one half of the rats four weeks
      after induction of diabetes. The dye entered the pigment epithelial cells but
      could not be detected among the photoreceptors. The only dyd visible in neural
      retina was within the retinal blood vessels. For HRP, no fault whatsoever in the
      blood retina barrier was found: there was no increase of vesicular uptake by the
      pigment epithelial cells; the tight junctions between pigment epithelial cells
      were intact as were those between the endothelial cells of retinal blood vessels.

PMID- 6445187
TI  - Removal of rhinophyma with the carbon dioxide laser: a preliminary report.
AB  - Surgery is the generally accepted treatment for rhinophyma. Problems associated
      with standard therapy include moderately profuse hemorrhage impairing accurate
      removal, and some difficulty in providing smooth demarcation between the
      rhinophyma and the surrounding tissue. Four patients with rhinophyma have been
      successfully treated with the carbon dioxide laser. Satisfactory cosmetic results
      were achieved in all cases with excellent hemostasis and minimal morbidity.
      Complete healing takes three to four weeks, which is similar to conventional
      methods.

PMID- 6445188
TI  - Auditory evoked brain potentials as a function of interstimulus interval in
      adults with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Auditory-evoked potentials (AEP) to repeated binaural tone pips of several
      interstimulus intervals (ISIs) greater than or equal to 1 s were recorded from
      the vertex of young adults with Down's syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) and normal young
      adults. The following results were obtained: (1) AEP amplitudes, as well as one
      latency measure, of both experimental groups increased with the lengthening of
      ISI. (2) AEP peak latencies of the DS group were longer than AEP peak latencies
      of the normal group for all the ISIs employed. (3) AEP amplitudes of the DS group
      tended to be larger than AEP amplitudes of the normal group. These findings are
      discussed in relationship to issues of attention.

PMID- 6445189
TI  - Dental care for the handicapped.

PMID- 6445190
TI  - Every town should have one.

PMID- 6445192
TI  - Crystallographic study of single crystals of mitochondrial coupling factor (BF1)
      from beef heart.

PMID- 6445191
TI  - Insulin degradation by adipose tissue. Studies at several levels of cellular
      organization.
AB  - A systematic study of the degradation of physiological concentrations of 125I
      labelled insulin was performed in intact fat-pads, isolated adipocytes and
      subcellular fractions of isolated adipocytes. The findings indicate that insulin
      is rapidly degraded to low-molecular-weight peptides and/or amino acids by the
      intact tissue and isolated cells. Of the total insulin-degradation products
      present after incubation with an intact fat-pad, 94% is recovered in the medium,
      indicating that these products are not retained by the cells or tissue. The
      plasma membranes do not degrade insulin significantly in the absence of reduced
      glutathione, and over 99% of the cellular degradative capacity is found in the
      postmicrosomal supernatant (cytosol). The cytosol degrades insulin to several
      labelled fragments that are intermediate in size between insulin and insulin A
      chain, as well as to the low-molecular-weight tissue degradation products.
      Inclusion of plasma membranes with cytosol accelerates the cleavage of the
      intermediate fragments to the size of the small products seen with the intact
      tissue. However, plasma membranes do not increase the initial step in the
      degradation of insulin when incubated with cytosol, suggesting that the insulin
      receptor is not involved with the direct cleavage of insulin. This study supports
      the hypothesis that the bulk of insulin degradation occurs in the adipocyte
      cytosol, where intermediate-sized fragments are generated and rapidly cleaved to
      smaller products by the plasma membrane and quickly released into the surrounding
      medium.

PMID- 6445193
TI  - Influence of Ca++ and Mg++ on the vanadate inhibition of the Ca++- ATPase from
      pig heart sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6445194
TI  - An investigation into the role of SH1 and SH2 groups of myosin in calcium binding
      and tension generation.

PMID- 6445195
TI  - Effects of chlorpromazine and imipramine on rat heart subcellular membranes.

PMID- 6445197
TI  - [Evaluation of public health in relation to coca leaf chewing].

PMID- 6445196
TI  - Effects of trifluoperazine on smooth muscle actomyosin. Short communication.
AB  - Trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibits superprecipitation and ATPase activity of smooth
      muscle actomyosin. This effect appears not to be due to the inhibitory effect of
      TFP on the Ca++-dependent modulator and the myosin light chain kinase, which are
      known to be cofactors required for activation of smooth muscle actomyosin.

PMID- 6445198
TI  - [Automated agglutination reactions for the detection of Australia antigen,
      antipolysaccharide antibodies of T. cruzi and anti-Salmonella flagellar
      antibodies].

PMID- 6445200
TI  - [Seminary on tuberculosis: regional forum for the interchange of ideas and
      experiences].

PMID- 6445199
TI  - [The basic hospital and its function in programs for the extension of health
      services coverage].

PMID- 6445201
TI  - [Program of international cooperation of the PAHO on the prevention of rheumatic
      fever].

PMID- 6445202
TI  - Acne vulgaris: is the bacterial population size significant?
AB  - The levels of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and members of the
      Micrococcaceae were enumerated in two separate studies. The first investigation
      on the foreheads of thirty-five mild and thirty-five moderate acne patients
      showed no significant difference in the bacterial populations of the two groups.
      The second investigation of twelve patients on 250 mg tetracycline twice daily
      for 3 months showed no significant difference compared to pre-treatment data in
      the bacterial population during the successful treatment period. The data
      indicate that greater numbers of bacteria are not associated with increasing
      severity of acne and that the effectivenss of oral tetracycline in treating the
      disease can not be explained by a reduction in the number of viable bacteria.

PMID- 6445203
TI  - Syndrome of ichthyosis, hepatosplenomegaly and cerebellar degeneration--steroid
      sulphatase activity.

PMID- 6445204
TI  - The one-electron reduction potentials of NAD.
AB  - The one-electron reduction potential (E7 1) of NAD+ has been determined by pulse
      radiolysis to be -0.94 V. E7 2 (E7 1 for the free radical, NAD+) is +0.30 V. E7 1
      for 1-methylisonicotinamide is -0.77 V.

PMID- 6445205
TI  - Energetics of the one-electron steps in the NAD+/NADH redox couple.
AB  - The one-electron reduction potential of NAD+ has been determined using pulse
      radiolysis to study electron-transfer equilibria between it and a low potential
      bipyridylium compound. The determined value E1 electron pH7 (NAD+/NAD) = -922 +/-
      8 mV (NHE scale) is used to calculate E2 electrons pH7 (NAD/NADH) =  +282 mV. E1
      electron pH7 for 1-methylnicotinamide, E1 electron pH7 (MeN+/MeN) = -918 +/- 7
      mV.

PMID- 6445206
TI  - Cross-link formation of phage lambda DNA in situ photochemically induced by the
      furocoumarin derivative angelicin.
AB  - The combined action of 365 nm ultraviolet light and xanthotoxin or angelicin
      inhibits the injection of phage lambda into the host. For both furocoumarin
      derivatives the inhibition of injection is discussed in terms of photochemically
      induced cross-linking of the DNA inside the phage heads; Cross-linking of DNA has
      previously been described for xanthotoxin (Musajo, L. and Rodighiero, G. (1972)
      in Photophysiology (Giese, A.C., ed.), Vol. VII, pp. 115-147, Academic Press, New
      York and Scott, B.R., Pathak, M.A. and Mohn, G.R. (1976) Mutation Res. 39, 30-74)
      but not for angelicin. The electronic structures in the first excited states
      calculated by means of quantum chemistry according to the Pariser-Parr-Pople
      method are very similar for xanthotoxin, psoralen and angelicin. Hence angelicin
      should be capable of acting bifunctionally like xanthotoxin, but for sterical
      reasons such reaction should be possible only for the folded DNA, as in phage
      heads, but not for diluted aqueous solution of DNA.

PMID- 6445207
TI  - Characterization of protoporphyrin as the physiological regulatory of delta
      aminolevulinate dehydratase in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 6445208
TI  - 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole is an inhibitor of protein synthesis on mitoribosomes in
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The effects of the herbicide, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, an inhibitor of heme
      synthesis in rat liver, have been examined in the mold Neurospora crassa. The
      drug is a potent inhibitor of the growth of the mold and produces biochemical
      changes identical to those produced by chloramphenicol. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole,
      like chloramphenicol, is a direct and specific inhibitor of protein synthesis on
      mitoribosomes. A decrease in the levels of mitochondrial proteins which are
      completely or partly made on mitoribosomes and an accumulation in the levels of
      mitochondrial proteins of cytosolic origin have been observed. Both drugs depress
      porphyrin and heme levels, but there is actually an elevation in the levels of
      delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the heme
      biosynthetic pathway in Neurospora crassa. In liver the enzyme is present in non
      limiting amounts and the levels are depressed under conditions of 3-amino-1,2,4
      triazole treatment. In Neurospora crassa the "derepression" of delta
      aminolevulinate dehydratase under conditions of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or
      chloramphenicol treatment is only partial because the drugs inhibit protein
      synthesis on mitoribosomes. It is concluded that an optimal rate of protein
      synthesis on mitoribosomes is necessary to maintain an adequate rate of heme
      synthesis.

PMID- 6445209
TI  - Purine biosynthesis and its regulation in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Purine biosynthesis and its regulation was studied in Neurospora crassa by the
      incorporation of label from [14C]formate into total cellular purines. In general,
      the purine biosynthesis resulted in slightly more cellular guanine than adenine
      nucleotides. The acid-soluble pool however, contained more adenine compounds than
      guanine. Exogenous adenine was found to be an effective regulatory of the
      proximal steps of the de novo biosynthesis, while both adenine and guanine were
      equally effective in regulating the branch point activities. 6-Methyl purine
      inhibited the proximal steps of the purine synthesis more effectively than the
      branch point leading to adenine biosynthesis. A 6-methyl purine resistant mutant,
      Mepr-10, with defective adenine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate transferase showed
      no inhibition of purine synthesis by 6-methyl purine, while 6-methyl purine
      resistant strains Mepr-3 and Mepr-1 showed partial inhibition. It has been
      suggested that Mepr-3 and Mepr-1 may be mutants of glutamine amidotransferase
      with altered affinities for 6-methyl purine. The rate of purine biosynthesis
      increased during the first 8 h of incubation of conidia in minimal medium, after
      which it declined even though the growth continued.

PMID- 6445210
TI  - The effect of turpentine-induced inflammation on rat liver glycosyltransferases
      and Golgi complex ultrastructure.
AB  - Turpentine-induced inflammation in the rat caused a 1.6--2.3-fold increase in
      liver homogenate sialyl-, galactosyl- and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase total
      and specific enzyme activities. Peak transferase activities were achieved at
      about 40 h after turpentine injection; the rise and fall of these activities
      corresponded to a similar rise and fall in serum haptoglobin levels. Sialyl- and
      N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities were measured in both liver
      homogenates and Golgi-enriched membranes at 24 h after turpentine injection; both
      total and specific enzyme activities doubled in the homogenates following
      turpentine treatment but in the Golgi-enriched membranes only the total enzyme
      activities doubled while the specific enzyme activities increased only by about
      20%. These findings suggest that turpentine injection results in an increase of
      Golgi complex protein relative to total cellular protein. This conclusion was
      supported by electron microscopic studies of rat liver at various times after
      turpentine injection. The increased glycosylation potential of the liver and the
      proliferation of liver Golgi complex may play an important role in the turpentine
      induced secretion of acute-phase glycoproteins.

PMID- 6445211
TI  - [Relationship between the ATPase activity of soluble H+-ATPase and temperature].

PMID- 6445212
TI  - [Stabilization of the relative concentration of ATP and invariants in the
      regulation of erythrocyte energy metabolism].
AB  - The problem is considered concerning the effect of individual differences of
      erythrocyte energetic metabolism parameters in the regulation (stablization) of
      ATP level. It has been found that equal quality of stabilization of relative ATP
      concentration (ATP/(AMP+ADP+ATP)) in erythrocytes with very different individual
      parameters is provided, firstly, by presence of scaling invariance of the
      characteristics of ATP-producing and ATP-consuming systems, and, secondly, by
      coincidence between the physiological values of ATP/(AMP+ADP+ATP) ratio for all
      the individuals. Scaling invariance property results in the essential reduction
      of the effective dimension of the individual parameters space. Revealed is a
      single parameter (function of all individual parameters), which defines the level
      of relative ATP concentration or the erythrocyte energy charge. The hypothesis is
      formulated that erythrocyte has two levels of energetic metabolism regulation, of
      which the first level is responsible for regulation of relative ATP concentration
      (due to the self-energy system functioning), while the second one provides (for a
      long time) regulation of the individual parameter values.

PMID- 6445213
TI  - Suppressor cell activity of peripheral mononuclear cells from patients undergoing
      chronic haemodialysis.
AB  - The enhanced in vitro proliferative response of peripheral mononuclear cells
      (PMNC) when pre-cultured for 24 hours prior to the addition of Concanavalin-A has
      been used as an indirect parameter of suppressor cell activity in healthy
      subjects and in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. The proliferative
      response of PMNC from haemodialysis patients is lower than that of control
      subjects when Con-A is added at the initiation of culture but approximates to
      that of normal subjects when the addition of Con-A was deferred for 24 hours. The
      Suppressor Indices of PMNC from haemodialysis patients were at least as great and
      sometimes greater than those of control subjects but the absolute T-cell counts
      were lower in haemodialysis patients than in controls. These results suggest that
      the relative energy of haemodialysis patients is partly attributable to T-cell
      depletion but this is accompanied by retention, and in some cases augmentation,
      of suppressor cell activity.

PMID- 6445214
TI  - [Action of the chalone from Ehrlich's ascites, tumor in mice on the mitotic
      activity in this tumor after single and double administrations].
AB  - Chalone from Ehrlich's ascites tumour exerts a short-lived and reversible
      inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in the tumour both after a single and two
      fold administration. 10 hours following single and two-fold injection of chalone
      (second injection was given at 6 p.m.), the mitotic index in tumour cells rises
      as compared to controls an evidence of chalone action on G(2) cell population of
      the mitotic cycle and synchronization of cell division. Repeated injection of
      chalone at 9 p.m. results in a more prolonged effect on the cells and in a more
      pronounced synchronization wave of G(2) cell population comparatively to its
      injection at 6 p.m. Thus the duration of cell inhibition in G(2) phase of the
      mitotic cycle depends with repeated administration of chalone, on the condition
      of cell population affected by chalone.

PMID- 6445215
TI  - [Characteristics of T-Suppressors concentrated by elution from an allogeneic cell
      monolayer].
AB  - Quantitative enrichment of the immune lymphocyte fraction with H-2 antigen
      specified suppressor cells was obtained by their elution from the relevant
      allogeneic monolayer of target cells. This was accompanied by 2-3-fold gain in
      the content of T lymphocytes and DNA synthetizing cells, as well as in the total
      (3)H-thymidine incorporation resulting from an increase in the percentage of
      medium and large lymphocytes in the population and also in the proportion of DNA
      synthesizing small and medium lymphocytes. Complete abolition of the suppressor
      effect by treatment with anti-Thy-1 and anti-T antibodies rather than with anti-B
      serum, and the resistance of this effect to carrageenan and carbonyl iron
      indicate the T cell nature of the eluted suppressor cells.

PMID- 6445216
TI  - A myocutaneous island flap in the treatment of a chronic radionecrotic ulcer of
      the abdominal wall.

PMID- 6445217
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of hydrallazine toxicity.

PMID- 6445218
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of hydrallazine toxicity.

PMID- 6445219
TI  - Bladder cancer as a prescribed industrial disease: a guide for clinicians.

PMID- 6445220
TI  - Bladder cancer as a prescribed industrial disease.

PMID- 6445221
TI  - The role of cerebral serotonin in the development of tolerance to centrally
      administered phenobarbital.
AB  - Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of phenobarbital results in the
      development of tolerance to the depressant effects of the drug. The
      neurotransmitters involved and the manner in which cerebral neurons adapt to this
      depressant effect are at present unknown. This study examines whether brain
      serotonin containing neurons participate in the attenuation of the hypnotic
      response caused by chronic barbiturate administration. Depletion of serotonin
      with p-chlorophenylalanine, p-chloroamphetamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine did
      not affect the initial dose-response curve to the centrally injected barbiturate,
      but all treatments resulted in significant delays in tolerance development. A
      negative correlation between the extent of whole brain serotonin remaining and
      the duration of loss of righting reflex on the last day of the chronic
      phenobarbital regimen was obtained after pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine,
      p-chloroamphetamine and saline. The sleep times of animals pretreated with 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine did not fit this linear relationship. Treatment with p
      chloroamphetamine after cessation of the chronic phenobarbital regimen did not
      influence the rate of tolerance reversal. Steady state levels of serotonin and
      the concentration of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in different
      brain areas were comparable in controls and tolerant rats when examined at
      various stages intolerance development. However, tolerant and non-tolerant rats
      sacrificed at time points immmediately after central phenobarbital injection had
      different temporal patterns of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid elevation in the
      striatum, hypothalamus and midbrain which were observable only during the loss of
      righting reflex. The data indicate that cerebral serotonin neurons participate in
      the attenuation of hypnosis following chronic phenobarbital injections.

PMID- 6445222
TI  - The use of a new phage set for typing poultry strains of Staphylococcus aureus
      obtained from seven countries.
AB  - 1. Eighty per cent of poultry strains of Staphylococcus aureus tested from
      French, Belgian, English, West German, Japanese and Argentinian sources were
      typable using a set of typing phages isolated in this laboratory. Strains from
      Bulgaria, however, with few exceptions were not typable with this phage set. 2.
      Strains isolated from lesions generally resembled those from apparently healthy
      poultry. 3. The existence of two distinct Staph. aureus biotypes on poultry was
      confirmed by isolates from six of the countries; one of these biotypes closely
      resembled Staph. aureus variety gallinae as described by Witte et al. (1977).

PMID- 6445223
TI  - Toronto conference raises serious questions about the severely handicapped
      newborn.

PMID- 6445224
TI  - Hepatic involvement in the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: results of percutaneous
      biopsy and peritoneoscopy.
AB  - Forty-three patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and the
      Sezary syndrome) underwent routine staging procedures to assess extent of disease
      prior to therapy. Evaluation of the liver included physical examination, liver
      function tests, 99mTc-liver-spleen scans, percutaneous liver biopsy, and
      peritoneoscopy with multiple liver biopsies. Seven patients (16%) had biopsy
      documented hepatic lymphoma, histologically defined as focal aggregates of
      atypical convoluted lymphocytes in portal zones or hepatic lobules. The liver was
      the most frequently involved visceral site. Involvement of peripheral blood,
      leukocytosis, and generalized erythroderma were significantly associated with
      hepatic lymphoma. Biopsy examination was the only accurate method of detecting
      hepatic involvement, and peritoneoscopy with multiple biopsies appeared to be
      more sensitive than a single percutaneous biopsy, since the yield of positive
      biopsies increased from three to seven. In order to better understand the natural
      history of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and the relation of hepatic involvement
      to survival, histologic evaluation of the liver in patients with the cutaneous
      lymphomas should be carried out prior to therapy.

PMID- 6445225
TI  - Chemotherapy programs of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP).

PMID- 6445226
TI  - Role of suppressor cells in depression of T lymphocyte proliferative response in
      untreated and treated Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to elucidate the type and the role of suppressor
      cells on T lymphocyte response to PHA in untreated and treated patients with
      Hodgkin's disease. The mean value of peripheral blood T lymphocyte response to
      PHA in untreated or treated patients was lower than that in healthy subjects.
      However, the difference was not statistically significant. There was no
      significant difference in T lymphocyte response between localized and generalized
      stage or between different cell types in both active and remission Hodgkin's
      disease patients. The mean T lymphocyte response to PHA of active patients
      without systemic symptoms (A), on the other hand, was significantly higher than
      that of active patients with systemic symptoms (B). The mean value of T
      lymphocyte response in the presence of monocyte-enriched E- cells was
      significantly lower, whereas the mean value in the presence of monocyte-depleted
      E- cells was only moderately lower than that in the absence of these non-T cells
      in active patients. The mean value of PHA response of T lymphocytes with monocyte
      enriched or monocyte-depleted E- cells was only slightly lower than PHA response
      without these cells in remission patients. No suppressor cell activity of T cells
      was observed in both active and remission patients. The only significant
      difference in the suppressor cell activity of monocyte-enriched E- cells on the T
      lymphocyte response to PHA was observed between localized and generalized stage
      in patients with active disease. Unlike peripheral blood monocyte-enriched E-
      cells, the splenic monocyte-enriched E- cells possessed no significant suppressor
      cell activity on the splenic T lymphocyte response to PHA in active Hodgkin's
      disease patients. These observations suggest that the depression of in vitro cell
      mediated immunity seen in patients with active Hodgkin's disease may be due to
      the non-specific suppression of T lymphocyte response by monocytes, in addition
      to a possibly intrinsic defect of T lymphocytes.

PMID- 6445228
TI  - Isolation of a cellular subpopulation from a human colonic carcinoma cell line.
AB  - A population of cells with increased resistance to 5-fluorouracil was isolated
      from cultures of the human colonic carcinoma cell line HT29. The resistant cells
      (HTFU) showed an altered morphology by light and electron microscopy and
      demonstrated contact inhibition in vitro. DNA assays and chromosome counts showed
      that HT29 cultures exhibit both hyper- and hypoaneuploidy, while HTFU cultures
      appear exclusively hypoaneuploid. One year after the isolation of HTFU, both cell
      lines showed equal sensitivity to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine while HTFU cells retained
      comparative insensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. Carcinoembryonic antigen production
      was not demonstrated in pre- or postconfluent cultures of HTFU, although
      carcinoembryonic antigen was present in both cells and media of HT29 cultures.
      Growth in semisolid medium was demonstrated for both cultures; however, HTFU
      showed a lower plating efficiency than did HT29. Tumors were observed in all of
      the nude mice given injections of HT29 or HTFU cells. Tumors formed from HTFU
      cells were smaller, and frequently the primary site receded after 6 to 8 weeks;
      Although in vitro tests suggested a reduced tumorigenic potential for HTFU cells,
      metastasis was observed only in mice given injections of cells from the HTFU
      line.

PMID- 6445227
TI  - Effects of thymidine and thymidine plus 5-fluorouracil on the growth kinetics of
      a human lymphoid cell line.

PMID- 6445229
TI  - Quantitation of [3H] thymidine uptake by stimulated human lymphocytes.
AB  - We have investigated the relationship between cell numbers and the amount of
      tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) taken up by stimulated human peripheral
      lymphocytes, as a function both of labeling time and of the specific activity of
      the thymidine. Cells responding either to mitogens or to allogenic cells show
      simple first order kinetics for the uptake of thymidine. Fitting the data to a
      Michaelis-Menten type of model, we observe for labeling times of 12 hr and
      longer, non-competitive inhibition of thymidine uptake by increased specific
      activity of tritium label, regardless of the mode of stimulation. However, for an
      individual responder in MLC at any arbitrary but fixed specific activity, dose of
      [3H]TdR and labeling interval, we still observe a linear relationship between
      cell mass and incorporated label. In contrast, if specific responding
      combinations in mixed lymphocyte culture are compared, the inhibition by specific
      activity at longer time intervals becomes significant and influences the
      quantitative interpretation of results. Specific activities of less than 10
      Ci/mmole and labeling times of 6 hr or less avoid inhibition and ensure a linear
      relationship between dividing cell number and CPM (counts per minute recorded) of
      incorporated label.

PMID- 6445230
TI  - Kinetics of human lymphocyte responses in vitro: the phase of exponential growth.
AB  - The kinetics of thymidine uptake in human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated by
      allogenic cells, antigen E (ragweed allergen) and a variety of mitogens can
      generally be divided into four consecutive phases. First, a lag period with no
      increase in thymidine uptake, then a short period of rapid change in uptake,
      followed by a log-linear growth period and finally a decay phase. In this report
      we examine in detail the characteristics of the third, log-linear growth phase.
      Since, as discussed in the preceding paper, thymidine uptake is proportional to
      the number of cells acumulating thymidine, we can calculate from the log-linear
      growth period an apparent doubling time. We show that for five different
      stimulating agents the cells reach a log-linear growth phase of varying length
      and that the doubling times show little variation. This invariance indicates
      that, despite possible variation in cell death and recruitment rates, the rate of
      proliferation is in all cases dominated by the generation time of human
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6445231
TI  - Effect of Ehrlich ascites cell chalone on nascent DNA synthesis in isolated
      nuclei.
AB  - Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) chalone has been shown to inhibit nascent DNA
      synthesis by inhibiting DNA polymerase alpha and beta (Nakai, 1976), but one of
      the problems in studying eurkaryotic DNA replication has been the relative
      impermeability of the cell membrane to precursors and macromolecules; hence, to
      circumvent this restriction without sacrificing the integrity of the replication
      process, a broken cell system utilizing nuclei in aqueous media was investigated.
      Isolated nuclei appear to continue the process of DNA replication that was
      proceeding in vivo before their isolation and under optimal concitions are able
      to initiate new synthesis (Fraser & Huberman, 1977). The effects of partially
      purified EAT chalone on nascent DNA could be studied directly in this nuclear
      system, which excluded effects of the cell membrane, nucleotide pools and other
      cytosol elements. A concentration-related inhibition of [3H]thymidine
      triphosphate ([3H]dTTP) incorporation was noted over a chalone range of 50-200
      micrograms/ml. It appears that chalone can inhibit DNA polymerase alpha directly
      within the nucleus without an intermediate step such as a cell membrane receptor.

PMID- 6445232
TI  - Differential responsiveness to MIs locus antigens in graft-versus-host and host
      versus-graft reactions.

PMID- 6445233
TI  - Characterization of the human blood lymphocytes that produce a histamine-induced
      suppressor factor (HSF).

PMID- 6445234
TI  - Regulatory mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. II. Effect of
      suppressor cells on the development of memory cells for delayed-type
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6445235
TI  - Delineation of the development of T lymphocytes from leukemic null lymphocytes
      upon induction by conditioned medium.

PMID- 6445236
TI  - Regulation of the immune response to tumor antigen. VIII. The effects of host
      specific anti-I-J antibodies on the immune response to tumors of different
      origin.

PMID- 6445237
TI  - Demonstration of active suppressor cells in spleens of young NZB mice.

PMID- 6445238
TI  - [The use of phagotherapy in chronic ORL staphylococcal diseases].

PMID- 6445239
TI  - Analogs of ceramide that inhibit glucocerebroside synthetase in mouse brain.
AB  - In a search for potent inhibitors of glucocerebroside biosynthesis, we
      synthesized aromatic analogs of the enzyme's substrate, ceramide, many of which
      have not previously been described in the literature. Mouse brain and spleen, rat
      brain, and human placenta and spleen were all found to be susceptible to
      inhibition by a variety of compounds, although to differing extents. The most
      potent inhibitor was 2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-phenylpropanol. The dehydro
      version of this compound (2-decanoylamino-3-morpholinopropiophenone) was less
      effective but it produced inactivation of the enzyme, probably by covalent
      reaction with the enzyme's active site. Examination of the various effects seen
      leads us to suggest that the active region of the enzyme contains four
      recognitional sites: an anionic moiety that may bind the glucose in activated
      form, an oxygen-binding region oriented toward the third carbon atom of ceramide,
      a narrow region that binds the alkyl chain of the fatty acid moiety, and a less
      narrow region that binds the hydrocarbon chain of the sphingoid base moiety.

PMID- 6445240
TI  - [Comparative study of the 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
      of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of human and cat placentas].
AB  - Delta 5, 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was studied on
      mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of human and cat placentas. This activity
      was assessed by measuring the rate of [3H] progesterone formation from [3H]
      pregnenolone and of [3H] delta 4-androstenedione from [3H] dehydroepiandrosterone
      (DHA), by a double isotope dilution method. Specific activities measured under
      initial velocity conditions were similar in both human and cat placentas.
      However, the kinetics of the reaction with DHA as substrate exhibit a zoological
      specificity.

PMID- 6445241
TI  - The surgical anatomy of common atrioventricular orifice associated with tetralogy
      of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle and complete regular transposition.

PMID- 6445242
TI  - Clinical profile of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The characteristic hemodynamic features of restrictive cardiomyopathy (normal or
      reduced cardiac index, normal ventricular systolic function, and "dip and
      plateau" early in diastole) are traditionally associated with pathologic evidence
      of inflammation, infiltration and fibrosis. Prognosis is usually poor. Nine
      patients with restrictive hemodynamic features were recently identified in our
      laboratory; six were males, three were females, and ages ranged from 23-57 years
      (mean 47 years). Only one was asymptomatic. Chest pain, dyspnea on exertion and
      fatigue were the most common symptoms. Echocardiography revealed various degrees
      of left ventricular wall thickening, but no significant pericardial effusion,
      pericardial thickening or calcification. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure was 25 mm Hg, cardiac index 2.8 l/min/m2 and ejection fraction 0.63.
      Endomyocardial and pericardial biopsies, obtained in two patients, were normal.
      Follow-up (mean 22 months, range 16-42 months) revealed no cardiac deaths. These
      findings support the hypothesis that the restrictive hemodynamic profile does not
      necessarily indicate the presence of a specific pathologic process in the
      subendocardium or myocardium and that the prognosis is not necessarily ominous.
      The common pathophysiologic feature for this syndrome appears to be reduced
      ventricular diastolic compliance, but the etiology in many cases is unclear.

PMID- 6445243
TI  - Specific quantitation of plasma medroxyprogesterone acetate by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry.
AB  - Investigation of various derivatives (O-methyloxime, trifluoroenol acetate and t
      butyldimethylsilyl enol ether) coupled with the efficient preparation of a
      trideuterated analogue of medroxyprogesterone acetate, has allowed the
      development of a rapid and accurate assay for its quantitation in plasma by
      isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. High oral doses (2.8 g
      weekly) of medroxyprogesterone acetate are shown to lead consistently to plasma
      levels of less than 16 ng.ml-1.

PMID- 6445244
TI  - Isoenzymes of human phosphofructokinase.
AB  - Human liver phosphofructokinase has been isolated in order to obtain antibodies
      against human liver phosphofructokinase. With the antiserum it could be shown in
      human liver that two types of phosphofructokinase exist with no subunits in
      common. Leucocytes, erythrocytes and kidney also possess the liver (L-) type
      subunit and a small amount of L-type is present in brain. There is no L-type of
      phosphofructokinase present in muscle and heart tissue.

PMID- 6445245
TI  - A rare case of mosaic Down syndrome 46,XY/46,XY, -21, +i(21q).
AB  - Detailed studies were carried out on a patient with a rare type of mosaicism
      which gave rise to an effective 21 trisomy. The clinical signs of Down syndrome
      were minimal. The cytogenetic interpretation is that the abnormal clone had an
      isochromosome derived from a maternal No. 21. The normal cell line appears to be
      replacing the abnormal clone.

PMID- 6445246
TI  - A comparative immunologic analysis of several murine strains with autoimmune
      manifestations.

PMID- 6445247
TI  - Reduction of circulating immune complexes by calorie restriction in (NZB x NZW)
      F1 mice.

PMID- 6445248
TI  - The participation of macrophages and monocytes in experimental immune complex
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6445249
TI  - Circulating anti-DNA-rheumatoid factor complexes in MRL/1 mice.

PMID- 6445250
TI  - A comparison of patients treated by chymopapain and laminectomy for low back pain
      using a multidimensional pain scale.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients treated by chymopapain and laminectomy were compared
      before, and 6 and 14 weeks after, treatment. A standardized, multidimensional
      scale of low back pain providing scores on 7 independent dimensions of sensory
      and affective discomfort and one measure of intensity were used. Fourteen weeks
      after surgery, patients treated by chymopapain were functioning as well as those
      treated by laminectomy. Major differences, however, characterized the course of
      recovery. Chymopapain produced rapid change, which was maintained over the 3 1/2
      month period. Healing following laminectomy was slower, but the end results were
      essentially the same. These findings, using sophisticated measurement techniques,
      support previous research suggesting that chymopapain is an effective alternative
      to laminectomy in the treatment of lumbar disk disease.

PMID- 6445251
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of painful adult scoliosis.
AB  - Pain is the major cause for surgical intervention in adults with scoliosis and it
      accounts for 65% of cases. With improved techniques of surgery, including
      anterior approaches, and better diagnostic methods, including the use of
      diskography, the satisfactory results of surgical correction have improved from
      65-75% to 85-90% of the reported cases. Anterior instrumentation has resulted in
      decreased pseudarthrosis rates and reduction of lumbar lordosis deformities.

PMID- 6445252
TI  - [Relationship between CT scan changes and the duration of illness in Huntington's
      chorea (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445253
TI  - Lidocaine and the hyper-acute back.

PMID- 6445254
TI  - Acceptability of drugs for male fertility regulation: a prospectus and some
      preliminary data. World Health Organization Task Force on Psychosocial Research
      in Family Planning.
AB  - Hormonal substances for male fertility regulation administered orally or by
      injection are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. These trials, sponsored
      by the World Health Organization, provide unique opportunities for intensive
      study of the acceptability of such an approach to fertility regulation, and of
      these drugs in particular. The research employs repeated interviews over a 15
      month period and is conducted by social scientists collaborating with biomedical
      scientists at each of seven sites (Bangkok, Hong Kong, London, Mexico City,
      Santiago, Seoul, and Toronto). The focus is upon gauging male user's evaluations
      of hormonal methods (several androgen/gestagen combinations as well as
      cyproterone acetate) relative to their evaluations of other male methods they
      know about or have experienced. Of particular importance is to determine whether
      the hormonal methods modify or interfere with sexual desire, feelings, and
      behavior. The research is also assessing specific ways in which various perceived
      properties of fertility regulating methods relate to their acceptability in
      different socio-cultural settings.

PMID- 6445255
TI  - Gonococcal diseases.

PMID- 6445256
TI  - [Nicotinamide as an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate in perfused rat
      liver].

PMID- 6445257
TI  - [Changes in membrane potential and proton gradient during Ca2+ transport in
      sarcoplasmic reticulum].

PMID- 6445258
TI  - The influence of p-chlorophenylalanine on different morphine effects.
AB  - p-Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) reduces brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) without
      altering the dopamine and norepinephrine content. Morphine does not influence the
      5-HT level, but partly reverses the depletion of 5-HT by p-CPA. Morphine
      analgesia and toxicity are not affected by p-CPA treatment. p-CPA also has no
      effect on acute morphine hypothermia, but after chronic treatment of 5-HT
      deficient mice the dose--response curve is no longer parallel, which suggests
      that another mode of morphine hypothermia occurs. p-CPA diminishes morphine
      induced running after acute as well as after chronic morphine administration. p
      CPA treatment reduces the sensitivity to the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal
      reaction, but does not affect the development of physical dependence.

PMID- 6445259
TI  - The role of low density, high density, and very low density lipoproteins in
      steroidogenesis by the human fetal adrenal gland.

PMID- 6445260
TI  - Ovine fetoplacental sulfoconjugation and aromatization of dehydroepiandrosterone.

PMID- 6445261
TI  - Studies on fenbendazole for treating lung and intestinal parasites in horses and
      donkeys.
AB  - The efficacy of orally administered fenbendazole on lung and intestinal
      parasitism in equids was investigated in a mixed herd of pony mares, jenny
      donkeys and foals. A single dose of 7.5 mg fenbendazole/kg body weight
      effectively removed intestinal parasites from the ponies, donkeys and foals, but
      higher doses and repeated treatments failed to eliminate lungworm infections in
      donkeys. The finding of eosinophilia proved useful in detecting lungworm
      infections in donkeys.

PMID- 6445262
TI  - Interaction of the lamB protein with the peptidoglycan layer in Escherichia coli
      K12.
AB  - In Escherichia coli K12 the product of gene lamB is an outer membrane protein
      involved in the transport of maltose and maltodextrins and serving as a receptor
      for several bacteriophages including lambda. About 30 to 40% of this protein can
      be recovered associated to peptidoglycan when the cells are dissolved in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate in the presence of 2 mM Mg2+ ions. The bound protein can then be
      quantitatively eluted from peptidoglycan by incubating the complex in Triton X
      100 and EDTA, or sodium dodecyl sulfate and NaCl. The protein eluted in such ways
      is still totally active in its phage-neutralizing activity. Two other membrane
      proteins known to behave similarly to the lamB protein are proteins Ia and Ib.
      However the binding of these proteins to peptidoglycan appears tighter, in
      several respects, than that of the lamB protein. The lamB protein may span the
      outer membrane since it appears to interact with the peptidoglycan on the inner
      side of this membrane while it is known to be accessible to both phages and
      antibodies at the cell surface.

PMID- 6445263
TI  - Transcription-termination factor Rho from Bacills subtilis.
AB  - A protein has been isolated from Bacillus subtilis which has functions similar to
      that of transcription termination factor rho (rho) from Escherichia coli. The
      apparent molecular weight of the B. subtilis rho factor is about 80000-95000 as
      estimated by a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. It
      contains two subunits with a molecular weight of 47000 as determined by sodium
      dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rho factor shows poly(C)
      dependent beta-gamma ATPase activity and depresses the activity of RNA synthesis
      from B. subtilis phage rho 29 DNA template with purified B. subtilis RNA
      polymerase holoenzyme. The specific activity of the poly(C)-dependent ATPase of
      the B. subtilis rho factor was significantly less than that of the E. coli rho
      factor. In the presence of rho factor fewer RNA transcripts were produced overall
      from the rho 29 template and smaller RNA transcripts with discrete sizes were
      made. These results suggest that the B. subtilis rho factor can catalyze
      transcription termination at specific sites on rho 29 phage DNA in vitro.

PMID- 6445264
TI  - Chicken-gizzard actin: polymerization and stability.
AB  - Preparations of chicken gizzard actin obtained from acetone-dried muscle powders
      prepared with various methods developed for skeletal muscle contain variable
      amounts of a beta-actinin-like protein. This contamination is minimized if the
      procedure of muscle powder preparation includes washing with EDTA solution, and
      can be completely removed by gel filtration of G-actin on Sephadex G-100. The
      presence of beta-actinin activity manifests itself in an increased rate of actin
      polymerization, low filament lengths resulting in low reduced viscosity and
      enhanced ATP-splitting activity of actin polymer, and instability of the polymer
      in the absence of free ATP. Gizzard actin purified on a Sephadex G-100 column
      does not differ from rabbit skeletal muscle actin in its polymerization
      properties. The distinct property of gizzard actin is the instability of its G
      form in the absence of added Ca2+, indicating that the affinity of this cation
      for the single high-affinity site in gizzard actin is lower than in skeletal
      muscle actin.

PMID- 6445265
TI  - A circular dichroism study of the reactions of Rhus laccase with dioxygen.

PMID- 6445266
TI  - Molecular and kinetic properties of the purified plasma membrane ATPase of the
      yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PMID- 6445267
TI  - Specificity of solubilized yeast glycosyl transferases for polyprenyl
      derivatives.

PMID- 6445268
TI  - Biosynthesis of vitamin B12. Some properties of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
      forming system of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium
      shermanii.
AB  - 1. Homogenates of Propionibacterium freudenreichii transform riboflavin into 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole. This process is stimulated by nicotinamide. Homogenates of
      Propionibacterium shermanii form only small amounts of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
      from riboflavin in the absence of nicotinamide, but also form appreciable amounts
      in the presence of nicotinamide. 2. The stimulation of the 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole-forming system by nicotinamide shows a lag phase which is
      abolished by preincubation of the homogenate with nicotinamide. Since no lag
      phase is observed when nicotinamide is replaced by nicotinate, nicotinate seems
      to be the true stimulating agent. These observations are in agreement with the
      fact that nicotinamide is rapidly split to nicotinate in homogenates of P.
      freudenreichii. 3. The 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming homogenate system is
      only active at a high buffer concentration (0.3--0.5 M) and in the presence of
      oxygen. The system has a pronounced oxygen optimum. 4. Flavin mononucleotide and
      flavin-adenine dinucleotide are better substrates for the 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole-forming homogenate system than riboflavin. But with [1'
      14C]riboflavin as substrate the specific radioactivity of 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole is higher than the specific radioactivity of flavin-
      adenine dinucleotide and lower than the specific radioactivie substrate for the
      formation of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. 5. A tentative reaction sequence for the
      transformation of flavin mononucleotide into 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole is
      discussed.

PMID- 6445269
TI  - An orientation and mobility program for multiply impaired blind children.

PMID- 6445270
TI  - Issues in the professional preparation of secondary school special educators.

PMID- 6445271
TI  - Certification requirements of general educators concerning exceptional pupils.

PMID- 6445272
TI  - The relationship of plasma 7 alpha-hydroxy dehydroepiandrosterone to disease
      stage and adrenal androgens in breast cancer patients.

PMID- 6445273
TI  - Elevated serum Cu in Hodgkin's disease and inhibitory effects of ceruloplasmin on
      lymphocyte response in vitro.

PMID- 6445274
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of zimelidine. Systemic availability of zimelidine and
      norzimelidine in human volunteers.

PMID- 6445275
TI  - Biochemical characterization of an Fc receptor of rabbit lymphocytes.
AB  - Isolation of Fc-binding molecules was performed by complexing IgG antibodies and
      the corresponding antigens in lysates of radiolabeled rabbit lymphoid cells. A
      single-chain molecule of 110 000 apparent mol. wt. (unreduced) or 120 000
      (reduced) was observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis when the antibodies were in the IgG form but not as F(ab')2. This
      molecule was very susceptible to proteolysis, but the fragments thus produced
      remained associated by disulfide bridges, and the binding properties of the
      molecule were conserved. The molecule and its proteolytic fragments (mol. wts. 75
      000, 45 000 and 20 000) were very similar to those obtained for the mouse Fc
      receptor under similar conditions, and therefore the molecule was designated as
      rabbit Fc receptor. Among several precipitating systems used, some Ig-anti-Ig
      complexes appeared to be the most efficient in coprecipitating the rabbit Fc
      receptor. Remarkably high titers of Fc receptor were found on lymphocyte membrane
      of infected rabbits, in agreement with a possible role of this molecule in immune
      regulation.

PMID- 6445276
TI  - Gastric and cardiac H-2 receptor effects of dimaprit and N'(Me),5(Me)histamine in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - Two new H-2 agonists 5,N'-dimethyl histamine (DMH), an imidazole analog, and
      dimaprit, a non-imidazole compound, and histamine (H), a mixed H-1, H-2 agonist,
      were given to four conscious gastric fistula dogs. Gastric acid was stimulated
      dose responsively. Dimaprit stimulated a 20% greater maximum output of acid, and
      more pepsin than the other agents, but inhibited pepsin secretion as doses of
      greater than 0.63 mumol/kg-h. Heart rate was increased dose responsively by all
      drugs to approximately 200 beats/min with ED50 of 0.17:0.42:0.80 mumol/kg-h
      (H:DMH:dimaprit). Normalized dose responses showed that histamine was equipotent
      on acid and heart rate (ED50 0.15 vs. 0.14 respectively) while DMH (ED50 0.21 vs.
      0.40) and dimaprit (ED50 0.27 vs. 0.85) stimulated heart rate less effectively
      than acid. Histamine was more effective at reducing blood pressure, with
      approximate ED50 of 0.28:0.60:0.96 for H, DMH and dimaprit respectively. The
      results indicate considerable heterogeneity of histamine responses for different
      actions mediated by the H-2 receptors, as well as differences for any one action
      between H-2 agonists.

PMID- 6445277
TI  - An analysis of the cortical and striatal involvement in dyskinesia induced in
      rats by intracerebral injection of GABA-transaminase inhibitors and picrotoxin.
AB  - Unilateral intrastriatal injection of various substances induces a characteristic
      dyskinetic syndrome in rats. These substances include picrotoxin as well as a
      series of irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitors. Using the degree of enzyme
      inhibition in various brain areas as a measure of drug distribution following
      intrastriatal administration of gamma-acetylenic GABA and gamma-vinyl GABA, there
      was found considerable retrodiffusion via the needle tract to the overlying
      cortex. Topical application of gamma-acetylenic GABA and gamma-vinyl GABA to the
      cortical surface overlying the striatum produced a high incidence of identical
      dyskinesias without any evidence of diffusion of drugs to the striatum. The
      cortically induced movements could be duplicated by picrotoxin application to a
      defined cortical area. These findings suggest that interference with gabaergic
      function in the striatum is not necessary for the production of the dyskinetic
      syndrome and that this syndrome may be a cortically induced phenomenon.

PMID- 6445278
TI  - Autogenetic effects of muscle contraction on extensor gamma motoneurones in the
      cat.
AB  - The effect of isometric twitch contractions of hind limb muscles on the discharge
      of gamma motoneurones has been studied in decerebrated cats with thoracic spinal
      cord section. Contractions of flexor digitorum longus (FDL) or
      gastrocnemiussoleus (GS) strongly inhibited the background discharge of their
      homonymous gamma motoneurones. In contrast, contraction of FDL generally caused
      less inhibition, or did not affect the discharge, of the synergist GS gamma
      motoneurones. Both the autogenetic and synergist inhibition were considerably
      weaker in decerebrated cats with intact spinal cords. The inhibition lasted 20 to
      50 ms and occurred principally during the rising phase of contraction. It could
      be followed or terminated by a weaker period of facilitation during relaxation of
      the muscle. Shortening the muscle so that no active tension developed during
      contraction either abolished or substantially curtailed the inhibition. We
      discuss the probability that the inhibition is a spinal segmental reflex brought
      about by impulses generated in Ib afferents of tendon organs. The inhibition is
      under tonic inhibitory control in the decerebrated cat when the spinal cord is
      intact. Unlike the Ib inhibition of alpha motoneurones that of gamma motoneurones
      has a particularly strong autogenetic component.

PMID- 6445279
TI  - Dynamics of phosphoglucomutase heat sensitivity polymorphism in Culicidae.
AB  - In 6 species of mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culiseta (Culicidae, Diptera)
      the frequency of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) heat sensitivity alleles is inversely
      correlated with the temperature of the environment where larvae develop. These
      data suggest that different selective values are associated with the PGM
      thermoresistant and thermosensitive genotypes in the different habitats.

PMID- 6445281
TI  - [Trend of the levels of drug consumption by the urban and rural population in the
      Moldavian SSR to approximate].

PMID- 6445280
TI  - Molecular mechanisms controlling protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid
      interactions as revealed by studies of virus maturation.

PMID- 6445282
TI  - Kinetic properties of human F4 phosphofructokinase: a poor regulatory enzyme.

PMID- 6445283
TI  - Structure of the metal--nucleotide chelate in the myosin--product complex.

PMID- 6445284
TI  - Andrenarche and its relationship to the onset of puberty.
AB  - During normal human sexual development the adrenal gland undergoes a maturational
      process, termed adrenarche, which results in increased adrenal secretion of
      androgens and estrogens. Adrenarche begins several years before the onset of
      gonadal maturation and correlates with the appearance of the adrenal reticular
      zone. In normal puberty, adrenarche and gonadarche (gonadal maturation) are
      closely linked, but in pathological situations adrenarche can occur without
      gonadarche, and gonadarche without adrenarche. Although the onset of puberty can
      be accelerated by elevated levels of adrenal androgens in patients with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a normal onset of puberty in patients with
      premature adrenarche and primary adrenal insufficiency suggests that
      physiological levels of adrenal androgens do not exert a major influence on the
      timing of pubertal onset. Adrenal androgen levels and their developmental
      patterns differ markedly among species and, of the species so far examined, only
      the chimpanzee exhibits an adrenarche similar to that of man. Despite
      considerable investigation, the mechanisms underlying the initiation and
      maintenance of adrenarche are unknown.

PMID- 6445285
TI  - Calcium pumps: introduction.

PMID- 6445286
TI  - 18O-probes of phosphoenzyme formation and cooperativity with sarcoplasmic
      reticulum ATPase.
AB  - ATP is known to produce unusual modulations of catalytic steps in its own
      hydrolysis by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase both in the micromolar range and in
      the millimolar range of ATP concentration. The nature of these modulations can be
      probed with 18O-exchange techniques. Particularly valuable are recent approaches
      based on measurement of the [18O]Pi species formed from highly 18O-labeled ATP.
      Such analyses show that as ATP is decreased in the micromolar range there is a
      much greater tendency for reversal of hydrolysis of the phosphoryl enzyme prior
      to release of Pi to the medium. No modulation of steps involved in oxygen
      exchange is seen in the millimolar concentration range. Ways are presented in
      which the modulation at lower ATP could result from interaction of ATP at
      independent catalytic sites.

PMID- 6445287
TI  - The biosynthesis of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Muscle differentiation provides a slow-motion picture of the assembly of highly
      specialized sarcoplasmic reticulum endowed with Ca2+ transport activity from its
      constituents. During development of chicken embryo pectoralis muscle, the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum evolves from the rough endoplasmic reticulum of myoblasts
      by insertion of Ca2+ transport ATPase molecules synthesized on membrane-bound
      polysomes into the phospholipid-rich endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The process
      continues until the Ca2+ ATPase content of the membrane approaches physical
      saturation. The rate of synthesis of Ca2+ ATPase sharply increases after fusion
      of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes and the accumulation of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum and myofibrillar proteins follows a roughly similar time course. The
      regulation of Ca2+ ATPase synthesis during development involves myogenic as well
      as neurogenic mechanisms. There are indications that changes in intracellular
      free Ca2+ concentration may play a role in this regulation.

PMID- 6445288
TI  - Fluxes of Ca2+ and concepts.

PMID- 6445290
TI  - [Preparing and performing prophylactic examinations of workers].

PMID- 6445289
TI  - The plasma membrane calcium pump: regulation by a soluble Ca2+ binding protein.
AB  - The Ca2+ pump of the plasma membrane of human red blood cells is associated with
      the activity of a (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. Both the ATPase and the pump are
      stimulated above basal activities by calmodulin, an ubiquitous Ca2+-binding
      protein. Calmodulin isolated from human red blood cells was shown to be
      equipotent and equieffective with that isolated from beef brain. Half-maximal
      activation of ATPase (isolated red blood cell membranes, 37 C) and transport
      (inside-out red blood cell membrane vesicles, 25 C) were obtained with 2.5 and
      4.4 nM calmodulin, respectively. Ca2+ dependence of Ca2+ transport was measured
      in the absence and in the presence of 50 nM calmodulin. At all Ca2+
      concentrations above 2 X 10(-7) M Ca2+, the rate of transport was greater in the
      presence of calmodulin. The results implicate calmodulin in the regulation of the
      plasma membrane Ca2+ pump, but the mechanism(s) remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6445291
TI  - [Feldscher M. Narzikulov].

PMID- 6445292
TI  - [Feldscher M. I. Kosarev].

PMID- 6445293
TI  - Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the investigation of the ovulatory
      infertile female.
AB  - A previous study had demonstrated the superiority of hysteroscopy over
      hysterosalpingography for the detection of intrauterine lesions in infertile
      patients. One hundred and sixty-nine patients were examined by a combined
      laparoscopic and hysteroscopic technique as the means of detecting tubal,
      peritubal, peritoneal, or intrauterine causes of infertility. Laparoscopy was
      successful in 168 and hysteroscopy in 162. The rate of diagnosis by laparoscopy
      of 49.4% was increased to 66% when the hysteroscopic findings were included. Only
      one serious complication was recorded, the inadvertent visualization of an
      intrauterine pregnancy. Arguments are advanced for the replacement of
      hysterosalpingography with combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy as the primary
      means of investigating the ovulatory infertile female.

PMID- 6445294
TI  - [Osmotic pressure and angiotensin II stimulation of arginine vasopressin release
      from a guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex in organ culture (author's
      transl)].
AB  - An organ culture system of a male guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex
      (HNC) was established. On day 5 in culture, (Na+ -K+) ATPase activity was 0.83 +/
      0.11 mM Pi/mg prot/hr (mean +/- SEM): that is 67% of that on day 1 in culture.
      3H-thymidine incorporated into DNA in the explants of HNC was 1,205 +/- 185
      cpm/microgram DNA. The explants responded to the elevated KCl medium and the
      hypertonic solution of sodium chloride with a 470 +/- 38% and 298 +/- 31%
      increase in arginine vasopression (AVP) release, respectively. This response was
      inhibited by the addition of tetrodotoxin to the culture medium. AVP release from
      the explants in res-onse to angiotensin II increased significantly in a dose
      dependent manner. [Sar1, Ile8] angiotensin II, however, attenuated the response
      of the explants to angiotensin II when administered simultaneously with
      angiotensin II. These results suggest that angiotensin II and its analogue cause
      the AVP release from the explants in a competitive manner. The concentrations of
      AVP in the culture media made hypertonic with sodium chloride, sucrose and
      mannitol were 298 +/- 31% (p less than 0.01), 251 +/- 36% (p less than 0.01) and
      255 +/- 59% (p less than 0.05) of their control values, respectively. The
      hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride, sucrose and mannitol caused AVP release
      from the explants in vitro, while the hypertonic solutions of glucose and urea
      were revealed to be poor osmotic stimuli on AVP release. These results support
      the concept of osmoreceptors to release AVP from the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal
      axis.

PMID- 6445295
TI  - Combined immunodeficiency of horses: a review.

PMID- 6445296
TI  - Sulphated glycosaminoglycans of exponentially growing and non-proliferating BHK
      21/C13 cells [proceedings].

PMID- 6445297
TI  - A kinetic study on phosphofructokinase isolated from the muscle of Carcinus
      maenas (the common shore crab) [proceedings].

PMID- 6445298
TI  - Enzyme function and membrane lipids.

PMID- 6445299
TI  - The use of lipid mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the role of
      unsaturated fatty acids and sterols in membrane functions.

PMID- 6445300
TI  - Modification of membrane lipids of sarcoplasmic reticulum to probe the influence
      of bilayer fluidity on Ca2+-activated ATPase activity.

PMID- 6445301
TI  - Effect of hepatocyte culture conditions on their content of nicotinamide
      coenzymes [proceedings].

PMID- 6445302
TI  - Control in vitro of tocopherol oxidase by light and by auxins, kinetin,
      gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene [proceedings].

PMID- 6445303
TI  - The identification of a dynein ATPase in unfertilized sea urchin eggs.

PMID- 6445304
TI  - [Echocardiographic determination of mass/volume ratio of the left ventricle
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445305
TI  - Triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride toxicity in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride (trien) is a copper chelating agent used as
      the alternative drug of choice in the treatment of Wilson's disease. Because of
      its apparent safety, we have used the drug in 4 patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis in whom penicillamine had to be withdrawn because of serious side
      effects. Trien is an effective cupruretic drug in primary biliary cirrhosis, but
      its use is limited by the occurrence of side effects that occurred in all 4
      patients. Three patients developed gastrointestinal side effects, and one of
      these patients developed a skin rash. The 4th patient developed acute
      rhabdomyolysis within 48 hr of receiving the first dose of the drug. One patient
      tolerated therapy for 20 wk, and, although her liver copper concentration did not
      show a marked fall, aspartate transaminase levels fell, and her IgM concentration
      fell to normal. Trien is an unsuitable copper chelating drug in primary biliary
      cirrhosis, although it remains the alternative drug of choice in Wilson's
      disease.

PMID- 6445306
TI  - [Measures for further reducing atmospheric pollution of the city of Ufa].

PMID- 6445307
TI  - [Dynamics of the physical development of preschool children in Smolensk].

PMID- 6445308
TI  - [Working conditions in the manual sharpening of cutting tools and the ways for
      their sanitary improvement].

PMID- 6445309
TI  - [Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary function in the shop workers of the Polyvinyl
      Acetate Plant].

PMID- 6445310
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of pregnancy and labor in women coming in contact
      with low concentrations of metallic mercury vapors in manufacturing work places].

PMID- 6445311
TI  - [Dust as a factor characterizing the working conditions in the pelletizing plant
      of the Lebedinskii Ore Enrichment Combine (LOEC)].

PMID- 6445312
TI  - [Respiratory functions in the early stages of tuff pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 6445313
TI  - [Industrial hygiene in work with lubricating and cooling fluids].

PMID- 6445314
TI  - [Role of laparoscopy in the complex diagnosis of ovarian tumors].

PMID- 6445315
TI  - [60th birthday of A. V. Grigorian, member of the editorial board of Grudnaia
      khirurgiia].

PMID- 6445316
TI  - [Boris Alekseevich Korolev (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 6445317
TI  - The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on renal
      function in the rat. II. Effects on organic acid and base transport.

PMID- 6445318
TI  - [Radiodiagnosis of cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 6445319
TI  - Endocrine and behavioral modifications in aging male rats.
AB  - Endocrine and behavioral effects of age and aging have been studied in 4 groups
      of Sprague-Dawley male rats (2, 6, 12, 24 months old). Plasma testosterone
      decreases after 6 months of age, plasma estradiol decreases from 2 to 6 months,
      then it increases with age and decreases again with aging (from 12 to 24 months).
      Aromatization of testosterone in brain tissue is similar in 2-, 12- and 24-month
      old rats, but at 6 months a significant increase is observed. Testosterone
      biosynthesized in the gonad from dehydroepiandrosterone increases from 2 to 6
      months, then it decreases, while the other metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone
      show an increment with age. Corticosterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
      biosynthesized in the adrenal decrease with aging. Explorative and locomotor
      activity decreases with age and aging, while emotionality decreases from 2 to 12
      months, but it increases with aging. These results indicate that endocrine
      equilibrium is remarkably altered by aging process showing a decrease of plasma
      sexual hormones and of gonadal activity. The decrement of aromatization of
      testosterone in the brain, which occurs between 6 and 12 months, is correlated
      with the decrement of plasma testosterone. It could be hypothesized that the
      hormones of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis are involved in the control of
      explorative behavior or that both hormonal and behavioral parameters are
      controlled by a common factor.

PMID- 6445320
TI  - Stimulation of cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity by calcitonin: a possible
      mediation by 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - The stimulatory effect of calcitonin on cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity
      could not be observed in rats pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine. The results
      suggest that the response of the enzyme activity to calcitonin is 5
      hydroxytryptamine-mediated.

PMID- 6445321
TI  - Programs open 'normal' world for handicapped.

PMID- 6445322
TI  - Parental origin of de novo chromosome rearrangements.

PMID- 6445323
TI  - Role of antibody classes in the regulatory facilitation reaction.

PMID- 6445324
TI  - Suppression of rejection of organ allografts by alloantibody.

PMID- 6445325
TI  - A sandwich isotopic antiglobulin assay. Application to the detection of
      antibodies in non-SPF rats bearing spontaneous tumors.

PMID- 6445326
TI  - Alkyl-lysophospholipid induced suppression of human lymphocyte response to
      mitogens and selective killing of lymphoblasts.
AB  - Alkyl-analogs of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine have been found to inhibit the
      response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens and allogeneic cells.
      Furthermore, these compounds kill selectively transformed lymphocytes in vitro
      while resting lymphocytes are not affected in their viability. The increased
      incorporation of fatty acids into cellular phospholipids during lymphocyte
      stimulation has been shown to be inhibited by these alkyl-lysophospholipids. Both
      resting and transformed lymphocytes could be shown to have an 1-0-alkyl-cleavage
      enzyme. Thus, selective cytotoxicity for lymphoblasts is not due to principal
      differences in the metabolism of alkyl-lysophospholipids as we have demonstrated
      to be the case between normal and leukemic cells, but is most likely due to the
      interference of these substances with the enhanced turnover of cellular
      phospholipids in stimulated lymphocytes.

PMID- 6445327
TI  - Transient and persistent changes in rabbit blood vessels associated with
      maintained elevation in arterial pressure.
AB  - Arteries and veins of hypertensive rabbits were examined 8 weeks after partially
      constricting the abdominal aorta above both kidneys, and compared with those from
      sham-operated animals. Structural and functional changes in blood vessels after 2
      weeks, when the arterial pressure first attained a new elevated level, have been
      described previously, and are now compared with changes 6 weeks later. The
      increase in blood vessel mass could be correlated with an increase in
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. In contrast to the status at 2 weeks
      postoperatively, there was no increased uptake of 3H-thymidine, 3H-proline, or 3H
      lysine at 2 months. Furthermore, at this time cell nuclei labeled with 3H
      thymidine were infrequent. Some vessels showed evidence of change in the physical
      characteristics of their wall. Only minimal changes were observed in those
      parameters of adrenergic nerve function measured -- neuronal 3H-norepinephrine
      uptake and vessel wall catecholamine content -- that had been markedly changed at
      2 weeks. The results of this work, together with those of other studies of this
      model, suggest two phases of response of the arterial wall to pressure rise: an
      initial dynamic proliferative cellular response mainly of vascular smooth muscle
      associated with changes in adrenergic neuronal parameters, and a subsequent
      equilibrium phase characterized by an increased number of smooth muscle cells,
      some changes in the extracellular components, and minimal changes in the
      adrenergic innervation.

PMID- 6445328
TI  - Cardiac pumping ability following reversal of hypertrophy and hypertension in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Direct measurements of arterial pressure, stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output
      (CO) were obtained in ether-anesthetized rats with established spontaneous
      hypertension (SHR) treated with alpha-methyldopa and compared to both untreated
      hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Left ventricular pumping
      ability was determined by the maximum levels of SV and CO reached during rapid
      intravenous volume loading with blood. Treatment with methyldopa reduced the SHR
      arterial blood pressure (average 57 mm Hg) and reversed the cardiac hypertrophy
      toward normal. In comparison to untreated SHR, therapy increased heart rate and
      CO and decreased peripheral resistance. During volume-loading, the levels of SV
      and CO at matched left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were significantly
      higher in treated vs untreated SHR. To evaluate the role of blood pressure in the
      improved peak pumping ability observed in treated rats, a phenylephrine infusion
      was used to equalize pressures while repeating cardiac function studies. In
      normotensive WKY and untreated SHR, left ventricular pump function was not
      greatly affected. A pronounced depression in peak SV and peak CO was observed
      only in treated SHR. The data indicate that treatment with methyldopa is
      associated with improved ventricular function in part related to the reduction in
      arterial pressure.

PMID- 6445329
TI  - [First stage of hippotherapy at Oletta for the students of the nursing school].

PMID- 6445330
TI  - A performance measure for the Medicaid program.

PMID- 6445331
TI  - A theory of the nursing home market.

PMID- 6445332
TI  - Rethinking health policy for the elderly: a six-point program.

PMID- 6445333
TI  - Short-run hospital responses to reimbursement rate changes.

PMID- 6445334
TI  - Hospital bed availability and discharge patterns in the short run.

PMID- 6445335
TI  - An analysis of the choice of health benefits plans.

PMID- 6445336
TI  - Patients' experiences with government medical insurance in British Columbia.

PMID- 6445337
TI  - Organizational determinants of surgical lengths of stay.

PMID- 6445338
TI  - The impact of a change in regulations on costs in an experimental program: a
      dissenting view.

PMID- 6445339
TI  - [Bacteriological investigations with a new Semisynthetic oxy-beta-lactam
      antibiotic LY 127935 (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - The antimicrobial activity of a new oxy-beta-lactam antibiotic LY 127935 against
      1066 strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial was evaluated in
      comparison to cephalothin. The antibiotic has a very wide spectrum and is
      exceptionally active, in particular against gram-negative rods. It is also active
      against multiresistant problem strains found in intensive care units
      (Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, indole-positive Proteus), and proved
      to be quite effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although LY 127935 is
      effective against Staphylococcus aureus, cephalothin is superior. Its use is not
      indicated against Streptococcus faecalis.

PMID- 6445340
TI  - Experimental erythrocyte autoimmunity. II. Autoantibody-specific suppressor cells
      present in blood.
AB  - Mice injected with rat RBC produce RBC autoantibodies and spleen cells that delay
      autoantibody production. In this report it is shown that transfer of 5 X 10(6)
      blood leukocytes from mice producing autoantibodies to syngeneic recipients
      before the injections of rat RBC were started, significantly delayed autoantibody
      production. These circulating suppressor cells were effective if transferred up
      to 3 weeks before the first injection of rat RBC and were destroyed by 2,000 rad
      of irradiation before transfer.

PMID- 6445341
TI  - Induction and repair of double- and single-strand DNA breaks in bacteriophage
      lambda superinfecting Escherichia coli.
AB  - Induction and repair of double- and single-strand DNA breaks have been measured
      after decays of 125I and 3H incorporated into the DNA and after external
      irradiation with 4 MeV electrons. For the decay experiments, cells of wild type
      Escherichia coli K-12 were superinfected with bacteriophage lambda DNA labelled
      with 5'-(125I)iodo-2'-deoxyuridine or with (methyl-3H)thymidine and frozen in
      liquid nitrogen. Aliquots were thawed at intervals and lysed at neutral pH, and
      the phage DNA was assayed for double- and single-strand breakage by neutral
      sucrose gradient centrifugation. The gradients used allowed measurements of both
      kinds of breaks in the same gradient. Decays of 125I induced 0.39 single-strand
      breaks per double-strand break. No repair of either break type could be detected.
      Each 3H disintegration caused 0.20 single-strand breaks and very few double
      strand breaks. The single-strand breaks were rapidly rejoined after the cells
      were thawed. For irradiation with 4 MeV electrons, cells of wild type E. coli K
      12 were superinfected with phage lambda and suspended in growth medium.
      Irradiation induced 42 single-strand breaks per double-strand break. The rates of
      break induction were 6.75 x 10(-14) (double-strand breaks) and 2.82 x 10(-12)
      (single-strand breaks) per rad and per dalton. The single-strand breaks were
      rapidly repaired upon incubation whereas the double-strand breaks seemed to
      remain unrepaired. It is concluded that double-strand breaks in superinfecting
      bacteriophage lambda DNA are repaired to a very small extent, if at all.

PMID- 6445342
TI  - New development in surgical andrology. Alloplastic spermatocele.
AB  - We developed a cup-shaped silicone-dacron prosthesis that may be used as a sperm
      reservoir. Spermatozoa aspirated from this reservoir and stored as pellets in
      liquid nitrogen for 6 weeks induced pregnancies and normal births in 50 per cent
      of inseminated cows. Because of aplasia or long stenosis of the vas deferens 26
      prostheses were implanted upon the epididymis in 14 patients. Percutaneous
      aspirations up to 7 months postsurgery showed 0.3 to 105 million spermatozoa the
      quality and quantity of which decreased with time. Insemination of patients'
      wives has not resulted in pregnancy.

PMID- 6445343
TI  - Further purification and some properties of human urinary trypsin inhibitor.
AB  - Two different molecular forms of urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI-I and UTI-III,
      were highly purified from normal human urine. Their physicochemical properties
      were studied and are reported herein.

PMID- 6445344
TI  - Depo-provera: contraceptive risk?

PMID- 6445345
TI  - Cytophotometry of post mortem glycogenolysis in quiescent bovine muscle fibres in
      relation to temperature, succinate dehydrogenase activity and adenosine
      triphosphatase activity.
AB  - Immediate post mortem samples of sternomandibularis muscles from six steers were
      maintained with a minimum of intrinsic activity at approximately 40 degrees C or
      allowed to cool to approximately 22 degrees C. Samples were frozen in liquid
      nitrogen at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h post mortem and serial transverse sections were
      stained by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction for glycogen or reacted for
      adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) or succinate dehydrogenase. Individual fibres
      were mapped and categorized from their ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase
      activity using a projecting microscope. The absorbance of PAS-stained glycogen in
      individual fibres was measured with a microscope photometer at 570 and 601 nm
      with a correction for distributional error. Overall, the post mortem decline in
      absorbance was approximately twice as fast in body temperature samples relative
      to room temperature samples. Transient post mortem increases in absorbance were
      detected in some situations, particularly in fibres with strong ATPase activity
      from room temperature samples. In fibres with strong ATPase activity, the rate of
      decline in absorbance increased progressively post mortem. Fibres with weak
      ATPase mostly had a lower initial post mortem absorbance and were generally the
      first to become PAS-negative.

PMID- 6445346
TI  - The reliability of histochemical fibre typing of human necropsy muscles.
AB  - The reliability of muscle fibre typing of post mortem specimens was investigated
      with special reference to the influence of time and temperature. In specimens
      stored at +4 degrees C, muscle fibre typing could be reliably performed up to at
      least ten and fifteen days post mortem for the masseter and biceps brachii
      muscles respectively. The corresponding figures for storage at room temperature
      were three and six days. The difference in the preservation of enzyme activity
      between masticatory and limb muscles might be related to the demonstrated
      difference in the fibre type composition and thus the enzyme content and energy
      sources.

PMID- 6445347
TI  - Myosin types in human skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - By combining enzyme histochemistry for fiber typing with immunohistochemistry for
      slow and fast myosin a correlation between fiber type and myosin type was sought
      in human skeletal muscle. Fiber typing was done by staining for myofibrillar
      ATPases after preincubation at discriminating pH values. Myosin types were
      discriminated using type specific anti-rabbit myosin antibodies shown to cross
      react with human myosin and were visualized by a protein A-peroxidase method.
      Type I fibers were shown to contain slow myosin only, type IIA and IIB fibers
      fast myosin only, and type IIC fibers both myosins in various proportions. When
      muscle biopsies from well-trained athletes were investigated essentially the same
      staining pattern was observed. However, rarely occurring type I fibers with high
      glycolytic activity were detected containing additional small amounts of fast
      myosin and occasional type IIA fibers had small amounts of slow myosin. Based on
      the observation of various fiber types in which slow and fast myosin coexist we
      propose a dynamic continuum of fibers encompassing all fiber types.

PMID- 6445348
TI  - Chronic propranolol treatment blunts right ventricular hypertrophy in rats at
      high altitude.
AB  - Chronic beta-receptor blockade has been reported to inhibit right ventricular
      hypertrophy in rats at high altitude. If so, we wanted to determine whether beta
      receptor blockade or some other drug action were involved and whether the heart,
      the lung vessels, or blood alterations were affected. In rats, chronic treatment
      with DL-propranolol (2 mg/kg ip once daily) reduced right ventricular hypertrophy
      and polycythemia of chronic high altitude. D-Propranolol and metoprolol did not
      reduce hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy or polycythemia. In isolated
      lungs from low-altitude rats treated chronically with DL-propranolol or with D
      propranolol the pressor response to acute hypoxia was blunted. Chronic DL
      propranolol blunted the acute hypoxic pressor response and angiotensin II induced
      vasoconstriction in lungs from high-altitude rats. Two effects of DL-propranolol
      treatment were seen: 1) blockade of beta 2-adrenergic receptors, which reduced
      the right ventricular hypertrophy of high altitude through reduction of
      hematocrit; and 2) a non-beta-effect, which reduced vascular responsiveness to
      acute hypoxia in the isolated lung preparation.

PMID- 6445349
TI  - A self-retaining nasal flowmeter for preterm infants.
AB  - A nasal flowmeter suitable for preterm infants is described. It is made from a
      commercially available nasal cannula and 400-mesh stainless steel screen. Low
      dead space (0.35 ml) and low resistance (1.3 cmH2O . 100 ml-1 . s) are
      advantages. Light weight and compact design have eliminated the need for
      extensive restraint of the subject. Also, the investigator need not hold the
      flowmeter in place. These features make accurate measurement of respiratory
      airflow and tidal volume possible during polygraphic monitoring studies lasting
      several hours.

PMID- 6445350
TI  - Biological activities and physicochemical properties of pre-neocarzinostatin and
      UV-irradiated neocarzinostatin.

PMID- 6445351
TI  - Storage of Escherichia coli strains containing plasmid DNA in liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 6445352
TI  - Characteristics of continuing and noncontinuing patients in a teenage
      contraceptive clinic.

PMID- 6445353
TI  - Act 817 of 1979: Arkansas' new involuntary commitment law.

PMID- 6445354
TI  - Medical grand rounds: frontiers in hepatitis research.

PMID- 6445355
TI  - Management of childhood asthma.

PMID- 6445356
TI  - The stroke problem revisited.

PMID- 6445357
TI  - Nuclear division cycle in Neurospora crassa hyphae under different growth
      conditions.
AB  - Treatment with picolinic acid blocked Neurospora crassa nuclei in G1, and
      recovery from the treatment allowed a synchronous wave of deoxyribonucleic acid
      synthesis to occur. Nuclei, which appeared as compact globular bodies during the
      period of blockage, assumed a ring shape during the following S phase, which was
      also maintained in the G2 phase. The proportion of compact globular nuclei was
      much higher in hyphae growing at lower rates, whereas that of ring nuclei
      increased when the hyphae were growing at higher rates. Horseshoe nuclei
      (probably mitotic nuclei) and double ring nuclei were also observed in growing
      hyphae, but their frequencies were low and fairly independent of the rate of
      growth. The length of the S phase of the Neurospora nuclear division cycle was
      determined to be about 30 min. From the frequencies of the phase-specific nuclear
      shapes, the durations of the G1 phase and the combined S plus G2 phases were
      calculated. The results showed that variations in the growth rates of the mycelia
      were mainly coupled with variations in the G1 phase of the nuclear division
      cycle. For mycelia growing in minimal sucrose, the lengths of all of the phases
      of the nuclear division cycle were estimated.

PMID- 6445358
TI  - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. Bovine colostrum UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha
      D-mannoside beta 2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Separation from UDP-N
      acetylglucosamine:alpha-D-mannoside beta 2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II,
      partial purification, and substrate specificity.

PMID- 6445359
TI  - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. Processing of asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharides by one or more rat liver Golgi alpha-D-mannosidases dependent on
      the prior action of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha-D-mannoside beta 2-N
      acetylglucosaminyltransferase I.

PMID- 6445360
TI  - Fusion of proteoliposomes and cells. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake into erythrocytes
      catalyzed by Ca2+-ATPase from skeletal muscle.
AB  - Purified Ca2+-ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle has been incorporated into
      intact erythrocyte membranes by a two-step procedure. The isolated protein was
      reconstituted into proteoliposomes composed of phosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylcholine, and cardiolipin (50:20:30%, respectively). The resulting
      proteoliposomes were fused with erythrocytes in presence of La3+, Ca2+, or Mg2+.
      Subsequently, 45Ca uptake into the cells could be demonstrated. It was dependent
      on externally added ATP, inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate, and enhanced by inactivation of the endogenous Ca2+
      ATPase which catalyzes Ca2+ extrusion from the cells. The insertion of the
      protein did not induce cell lysis, but the cells did become more fragile.
      Functional insertion of isolated membrane proteins into cell membranes allows a
      new approach to research of plasma membranes.

PMID- 6445361
TI  - Activation of human neo-plasminogen-Val442 by urokinase and streptokinase and a
      kinetic characterization of neoplasmin-Val442.

PMID- 6445362
TI  - A kinetic evaluation of activated bovine blood coagulation factor IX toward
      synthetic substrates.

PMID- 6445363
TI  - Beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase-catalyzed formation of a
      transition state analog in ATP synthesis.
AB  - The mechanism of beef heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1) was studied using
      chromium(III)-substituted substrate analogs. Incubation of F1 with monodentate
      Cr(III)ADP and 32Pi followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 resulted in 32Pi
      counts in the F1 protein peak. The appearance of radioactivity from inorganic
      phosphate in the protein peak was dependent upon the presence of monodentate
      Cr(III)ADP and F1, and was inhibited by MgADP. Removal of the enzyme from the
      reaction mixture containing Cr(III)ADP and 32Pi by acid precipitation followed by
      chromatography on Sephadex G-10 indicated the net formation and slow release of a
      radioactive product. High voltage electrophoresis showed that this product was
      32Pi . Cr(III)ADP. Incubation of F1 with bidentate Cr(III)ATP also resulted in
      formation of this product. These results indicated that non-membrane-bound F1 was
      capable of net synthesis of what may be an ATP synthesis and hydrolysis
      transition state analog. The F1-dependent formation of the complex was taken as
      evidence that the soluble ATPase can function in ATP synthesis as well as ATP
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 6445364
TI  - The role of ATP in in vitro vaccinia virus RNA synthesis effects of AMP-PNP and
      ATP gamma S.

PMID- 6445365
TI  - Molecular abnormality of plasminogen.

PMID- 6445366
TI  - The yeast mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex. Subunit stoichiometry
      and physical characterization.
AB  - Immunoprecipitation of uniformly labeled yeast submitochondrial preparations
      using a subunit-specific or a holoenzyme antiserum has been employed to determine
      the subunit stoichiometry of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex. The Triton
      solubilized enzyme consists of 10 types of subunits. The number of copies of each
      subunit, in order of decreasing molecular weight, is 3:3:1:2:1:2:2:1:2:3. on the
      basis of the stoichiometry data, the ATPase complex has a molecular weight of 5.8
      x 10(5) and contains a minimum of 20 polypeptide chains. Analysis of water
      soluble ATPase (F1-ATPase) indicates that the stoichiometry of the three largest
      subunits of the enzyme is preserved in the absence of the other subunits. The
      molecular weights of both forms of the ATPase, derived from stoichiometry data,
      agree well with measurements obtained from gel filtration and sedimentation
      studies. The implications of these data for the structure, function, and assembly
      of the complex are discussed.

PMID- 6445367
TI  - The equivalence of phosphate oxygens for exchange and the hydrolysis
      characteristics revealed by the distribution of [18O]Pi species formed by myosin
      and actomyosin ATPase.

PMID- 6445368
TI  - The rolling circle . capsid complex as an intermediate in phi X DNA replication
      and viral assembly.
AB  - Late in the life cycle of the single-stranded DNA phage phi X, the synthesis of
      positive strand DNA is coupled to the maturation of progeny virions. DNA
      synthesis and packaging take place in a replication-assembly complex, which we
      have purified to homogeneity and characterized. The following conclusions can be
      drawn: 1. The DNA component of the replication-assembly complex is a rolling
      circle with a single-stranded DNA tail which is less than or equal to genome
      length. 2. The major protein component of the replication-assembly complex is an
      intact viral capsid, as shown by gel analysis of 35S-labeled complexes. As
      replication proceeds at the DNA growing point, the positive strand tail of the
      rolling circle is displaced directly into the capsid. In addition to the capsid,
      the complex contains at least 1 molecule of the phi X gene A nicking protein,
      which appears to be covalently linked to the DNA. 3. The rolling circle . capsid
      complex can be purified to homogeneity by taking advantage of its uniform
      sedimentation velocity (35 S) and its uniform density upon equilibrium
      centrifugation in CsCl (1.50 g/cc). 4. The replication-assembly complex can be
      visualized in the electron microscope. An electron-dense particle, which has the
      dimensions of a viral capsid, is observed attached to a rolling circle at the DNA
      growing point. 5. Hybridization of specific phi X restriction fragments to the
      deproteinized, single-stranded tails of intact rolling circles has allowed the
      use of these replicating intermediates to determine both the origin/terminus and
      the direction of phi X positive strand DNA synthesis. The ends of the rolling
      circle tails map in the Hae III restriction Fragment Z6b, at the position on the
      phi X genome at which the gene A endonuclease is known to cut. This result
      indicates that this endonuclease participates in the "termination" of each round
      of synthesis by cutting off unit-length viral genomes. 6. Rolling circle . capsid
      complexes were also isolated from two other icosahedral, single-stranded DNA
      phages: G4 and St-1. The rolling circle . capsid complex seen in the case of the
      single-stranded DNA phages represents the first example of a structure in which
      DNA synthesis and viral assembly occur in a coupled manner. This tight
      coordination explains why double-stranded DNA circles are the net product of
      synthesis early in the viral life cycle while only single-stranded DNA circles
      are produced later. The single-stranded tails of the rolling circle intermediates
      are available for conversion to the duplex state at early times, whereas the
      concentration of preformed capsids later is high enough to bind to all of the
      replicating molecules and package the emerging positive strand DNA.

PMID- 6445369
TI  - Fragmentation of gizzard myosin by alpha-chymotrypsin and papain, the effects on
      ATPase activity, and the interaction with actin.

PMID- 6445370
TI  - Limited proteolysis of native and in vitro phosphorylated muscle
      phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 6445371
TI  - Inhibition of Friend erythroleukemic cell differentiation by bromodeoxyuridine:
      correlation with the amount of bromodeoxyuridine in DNA.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to examine the relationship between the inhibition
      by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) of erythroid differentiation in Friend
      erythroleukemia cells and the incorporation of BrdU into DNA. Experiments were
      carried out in which the incorporation of BrdU into DNA and the concentration of
      BrdU to which the cells were exposed were varied independently of each other. In
      addition, the ability of deoxycytidine (dC) to reverse the effects of BrdU on
      hemoglobin production and to reduce the amount of BrdU in DNA was analyzed. Under
      all the conditions tested, the effects of BrdU were correlated with the amount of
      BrdU incorporated into nuclear DNA. These results differ from those of recent
      studies on the inhibition of pigmentation and the induction of mutations by BrdU
      in Syrian hamster melanoma cells. The results suggest that BrdU may be producing
      its biological effects by a variety of different mechanisms.

PMID- 6445372
TI  - Blood fibrinolytic activity, social class and habitual physical activity--I. A
      study of black and white men in Evans County, Georgia.

PMID- 6445373
TI  - Serum 16 beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in man.

PMID- 6445374
TI  - beta-Endorphin and beta-lipotropin plasma levels in hirsute women: correlation
      with body weight.
AB  - Based on the findings of elevated circulating beta-endorphin (beta-END) levels in
      genetically obese (fa/fa) fats and the reversal of the overeating of genetically
      obese (ob/ob) mice by naloxone, circulating beta-END and beta-lipotropin (beta
      LPH) levels were measured in 8 hirsute, hyperandrogenic, oligo-amenorrheic women
      of varying weights. Circulating beta-END and beta-LPH levels were significantly
      elevated (p less than .001) above the levels in nonobese control subjects and
      were positively correlated with body weight (p less than .025). Based on these
      data and indirect evidence in the literature, we propose a role may exist for
      beta-END and/or beta-LPH in human obesity and in adrenal androgen secretion.

PMID- 6445375
TI  - Role of computed tomography in patients with "sciatica".
AB  - The computed tomography (CT) findings in 10 patients who presented with
      lumbosacral radicular symptoms are reported. The CT scans were performed after
      the more commonly used radiologic studies, including plain films and myelography,
      had failed to completely define the nature or extent of the underlying disease
      process. The final diagnoses were metastatic neoplasm to the spine and soft
      tissue in six cases, primary neoplasm of the sacrum or soft tissue in three
      cases, and tuberculous osteomyelitis and abscess in one case. The limitations and
      potential complications of the various radiologic examinations are discussed, and
      the potential value of CT in selected patients with lumbosacral neuropathy is
      presented.

PMID- 6445376
TI  - Confronting dilemmas in dentistry. Strategies for success.

PMID- 6445377
TI  - Early failures of permanently implanted transvenous pacemaker systems:
      spontaneous recovery of sensing function in three of twelve cases.
AB  - An analysis of 12 early pacemaker failures in a series of 128 transvenous
      implants is reported. Spontaneous recovery, maintained during long-term follow-up
      of 3 patients with isolated transient sensing failure, suggested the possibility
      of a transient loss of sensing voltage amplitude, or slew rate (dv/dt), or both.
      Conservative management is frequently indicated in these cases. In 62 patients in
      whom a "tined" lead was used, there were no early pacemaker failures.

PMID- 6445378
TI  - Placental steroid metabolism in a case of placental sulfatase deficiency.
AB  - The importance of the placental 3 beta-steroid sulfatase for placental
      biosynthesis of estrogens is demonstrated by a case report of a placental
      sulfatase deficiency. The absolute deficiency of this enzyme in our case is
      demonstrated in vivo by the intravenous dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate loading
      test and in vitro by placental enzyme tests. Steroid concentrations in serum
      after injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) are compared with
      those in a group of pregnant women without placental enzyme defects and in a
      group of nonpregnant women. Placental in vitro tests demonstrate the intact 3
      beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta 4,5 isomerase-aromatase-system in the
      placenta with sulfatase deficiency. The lack of placental hydrolysis results in
      low concentrations of estrone and estradiol-17 beta in the maternal serum, which
      are only 5.9% and 12.5%, respectively, of the mean values of the control group.
      This indicates that more than 90% of estrone and more than 85% of estradiol-17
      beta measured in the maternal serum are from DHEA-S as precursor. The remaining
      concentrations are converted mainly from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which
      needs no hydrolysis. Maternal serum concentrations of estriol are under the
      detection limit of the radioimmunoassay. This is due to the absence of the so
      called "neutral pathway" and the "phenolic pathway" with 16 alpha
      hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16 alpha-OH-DHEA-S) and DHEA-S
      respectively as precursors. The insignificance of the "placental pathway" for the
      total biosynthesis of estriol is demonstrated. The placental sulfatase seems to
      have no great importance for the biosynthesis of the C21-steroids.

PMID- 6445379
TI  - Electrolytic degradation of DNA fluorochromes during flow cytometric measurement
      of electronic cell volume.
AB  - Changes in flow cytometric measurement of DNA content can result from
      electrolytic chemical degradation of mithramycin, ethidium bromide, and propidium
      iodide during simultaneous measurement of electronic cell volume. Bench
      electrolysis also degrades these fluorochromes without changing the quantum
      yields, even when they are complexed to DNA. In the flow cytometer, electrolytic
      production of chlorine at the anode is the probable cause of this degradation,
      since exposure of these fluorochromes to chlorine gas produces the same effect.
      It is therefore advisable to measure the DNA content distribution alone before
      simultaneously measuring the DNA content and the electronic cell volume. If
      unavoidable effects on the DNA distribution are present, narrow forward-angle
      light scatter should be used as the cell size indicator during dual parameter
      measurements. Modifying instrument design by reversing electrode polarity might
      eliminate this problem.

PMID- 6445380
TI  - ATPase in mature and differentiating phloem and xylem.
AB  - A cytochemical study using a lead precipitation technique has been made of the
      distribution of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in mature and differentiating
      phloem and xylem cells of Nicotiana tabacum and Pisum sativum. The sites of
      ATPase localization in tobacco phloem were the plasma membrane, endoplasmic
      reticulum, mitochondria, dictyosomes, plasmodesmata, and the dispersed P proteins
      of mature sieve elements. In pea phloem sieve elements ATPase was localized in
      the endoplasmic reticulum, but was not associated with the P proteins or plasma
      membranes at any stage of their differentiation. In pea transfer cells ATPase
      activity was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum at all stages of their
      differentiation and with the plasma membrane of transfer cells that had formed
      wall ingrowths. In xylem cells of both tobacco and pea the patterns of ATPase
      activity was similar. At early stages of differentiation ATPase activity was
      associated with the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. At
      intermediate stages of differentiation ATPase activity continued to be associated
      with the endoplasmic reticulum, but was no longer associated with the plasma
      membrane. At later stages of xylem element differentiation ATPase activity was
      associated with disintegrating organelles and with the hydrolyzing cell walls.

PMID- 6445381
TI  - "Burning out" versus "punching out".

PMID- 6445382
TI  - Natural regulatory cells in murine bone marrow: inhibition of in vitro
      proliferative and cytotoxic responses to alloantigens.
AB  - A lymphocyte-enriched fraction of murine bone marrow (BML), obtained by sucrose
      density fractionation, contains natural regulatory cells that can profoundly
      suppress the proliferative and cytotoxic response of syngeneic lymph node cells
      to irradiated alloantigens in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). A close
      correlation exists between the inhibition of alloantigen-induced proliferation
      and the generation of cytotoxic effectors. The suppression of proliferation is
      dependent on the dose of BML added to the cultures but is not due to cell
      crowding, since red blood cells, thymocytes, and irradiated splenocytes, all
      syngeneic to the lymph node responders, do not inhibit proliferation to the
      degree observed with BML. The addition of BML to cultures does not cause the
      maximum proliferative response to change from the usual day 5 peak, indicating
      that there is no change in culture kinetics. The release of nonradioactive
      thymidine by BML cannot explain the suppression. The target of suppression is
      maximally affected during the first 24 hr of culture, since adding BML to MLC
      later than this resulted in negligible inhibition of proliferation. Thus, the
      natural regulatory cell-mediated suppression reflects inhibition of "early"
      events in the proliferative response to alloantigens.

PMID- 6445383
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte responses in vitro. I. CsA allows for
      the expression of alloantigen-activated suppressor cells while preferentially
      inhibiting the induction of cytolytic effector lymphocytes in MLR.
AB  - The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on in vitro human lymphocyte responses was
      assessed. CsA suppressed in a dose-dependent fashion, the lymphocyte response to
      stimulation with mitogens and with alloantigens in primary and secondary mixed
      lymphocyte reactions (MLR). In contrast, the action of cytolytic effector
      lymphocytes was not affected by this compound. Time-course kinetic studies
      indicated that the mitogen response was markedly dependent on the time of
      addition of CsA to the cultures. Inhibition of the lymphocyte response to
      alloantigens was less dependent upon the time of addition of CsA to the cultures.
      Preincubation with CsA did not markedly affect the ability of the lymphocytes to
      respond to mitogens and alloantigens, nor was there an overt cytotoxic action. In
      addition, CsA was shown to have a differential effect on the activation of
      cytotoxic and suppressor lymphocyte subpopulations in primary MLR. The induction
      of cytolytic lymphocytes was markedly suppressed by minimal amounts of CsA,
      whereas the induction of alloantigen-activated suppressor cells was much less
      inhibited by this agent. These results suggest that CsA treatment favors the
      induction of suppressor cell mechanisms as opposed to cytolytic effector cells in
      primary MLR. This may account for the ability of this drug to establish
      transplantation tolerance in vivo.

PMID- 6445384
TI  - Immunosuppressive effects of low doses of glucocorticoids: effects on autologous
      and allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions.
AB  - The effects of single oral doses of 10, 15, or 30 mg of prednisone on circulating
      mononuclear cells, autologous MLR, mitogen responses, and allogeneic MLR were
      studied in healthy volunteers. Doses as low as 10 mg were immunosuppressive,
      causing diminution of circulating T cells and monocytes, and significant
      reduction in autologous but not allogeneic MLR responses. These effects were
      maximal 6 hr after drug administration and gone by 24 hr. Autologous MLR
      responses were particularly sensitive to the effects of prednisone  being
      significantly and consistently suppressed 2 hr after drug administration, before
      significant cell redistribution had occurred. Macrophage-enriched stimulating
      cells were more easily suppressed than responding T cells. Since the autologous
      MLR may be important in in vivo regulation of immune responses, its reduction by
      low-dose glucocorticoids may be of clinical relevance. This suppressive effect
      must be considered in studies of the autologous MLR in patients receiving
      glucocorticoid therapy.

PMID- 6445385
TI  - MLC-derived human helper factor(s) that promote B cell differentiation:
      induction, functional characterization, and role of Ia antigens.
AB  - Utilizing a PFC assay to quantitate the polyclonal activation of human peripheral
      blood B lymphocytes, we have investigated the induction and functional activity
      of MLC-derived human helper factor(s). Our data demonstrate that highly purified
      responder T cells, but not B or null cells, are required for the elaboration of
      MLC helper factor(s) that trigger the in vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes
      into PFC. Helper factor can trigger B cell maturation in the absence of helper T
      cells, since complement- (C) mediated lysis of the small (less than 5%) fraction
      of T cells present in anti-F(ab)2 immunoabsorbent column purified B cell
      population eliminates the PWM induced, but not the helper factor-induced PFC
      response. Responder T cells required for helper factor production do not bear
      surface membrane Ia, since alpha p23,30 + C treatment of this population does not
      affect helper factor generation. In contrast, alpha p23,30 + C treatment of the
      allogeneic stimulator cell population eliminates helper factor production. Taken
      together, these results demonstrate that interaction between Ia-bearing
      stimulator cells and Ia- responder T cells is required for the production of MLC
      derived helper factor. In additional experiments, we determined that alpha
      p23,30, in the absence of C, totally abrogates the PFC response triggered by MLC
      helper factors. This result suggests an important role for Ia antigens in the
      functional activity of preformed helper factor molecules.

PMID- 6445386
TI  - Inhibitors of DNA synthesis produced by herpesvirus-transformed cell lines.
AB  - Inhibitory factors were detected in the supernatant fluids of two herpesvirus
      transformed lymphoid cell lines, one a B cell line established from a cotton
      topped marmoset with EBV-induced lymphoma (1605L) and the other a HVS-transformed
      marmoset T cell line (C-1 Ax). The factors produced by both cell lines inhibited
      the uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine (125I-IUDR) by lymphocytes stimulated by both
      phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. Both factors also suppressed the uptake
      of 125I-IUDR by cells of lymphoid cell lines of both B and T cell origin,
      indicating that neither factor was specific for lymphoid subpopulations.
      Furthermore, the factor produced by the 1605L cell line did not exhibit tissue
      specificity in the target cells that it affected, since it also suppressed 125I
      IUDR uptake by the HEp-2 cell line, which is epithelial. Antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity, an assay that has been reported to require effector cells
      capable of protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis, was not suppressed by either
      factor, indicating that these inhibitors acted at the level of DNA synthesis.
      Experiments investigating the kinetics of the inhibition of PHA blastogenesis by
      the 1605L factor suggested that this inhibitor blocked an early stage in the DNA
      synthetic cycle, since maximum inhibition was observed only when the factor was
      present early in the culture period.

PMID- 6445387
TI  - A modified C1q deviation radioimmunoassay for use in a routine clinical
      laboratory.
AB  - Current clinical interest in circulating immune complexes defines a need to
      develop immune complex assays suitable for use in routine clinical immunology
      laboratories. We describe one such assay based on the principle of immune
      complexes binding to radiolabelled C1q, using commercially available IgG-coated
      latex particles for competitive binding. The assay is simple, rapid, cheap,
      reproducible and sensitive (5 micrograms/ml). Specificity for both antibody and
      antigen was demonstrated and clinical value was proven with defined clinical
      groups.

PMID- 6445388
TI  - Identification of sulfated mucopolysaccharides including heparin in the lesional
      skin of a patient with mastocytosis.
AB  - Comparison of the [35S]mucopolysaccharides extracted after in vitro incubation of
      skin biopsy specimens from nonlesional and lesional sites of a patient with
      mastocytosis showed that lesional sites incorporated sulfate into heparin. After
      in vitro incorporation of the [35S]sulfate, the tissues were extracted
      sequentially by a 3-step procedure which utilized high salt concentrations,
      enzymatic digestion and base hydrolysis to liberate essentially all the counts.
      The extracted [35S]mucopolysaccharides were separated from free [35S]sulfate,
      histamine, protein, and hyaluronic acid by ion-exchange chromatography utilizing
      Dowex 1. The [35S]mucopolysaccharide extracts of the nonlesional skin were
      completely degraded by treatment with chondroitinase ABC, as they age
      predominantly dermatan sulfate with small amounts of chondroitin sulfates. The
      absolute quantity of sulfated mucopolysaccharides after Dowex 1 chromatography in
      micrograms of uronic acid per mg wet weight of starting tissue was higher in the
      lesional than the nonlesional specimen, while the specific incorporation of
      [35S]sulfate per microgram of uronic acid was the same. Approximately one-half of
      the [35S]mucopolysaccharides obtained in the 3 sequential extracts of lesional
      tissue was resistant to degradation by chondroitinase ABC as determined by gel
      filtration before and after enzyme treatment, indicating the presence of sulfated
      mucopolysaccharides in addition to chondroitin and dermatan sulfates. Heparinase
      treatment of the chondroitinase ABC-resistant [35S]mucopolysaccharides followed
      by gel filtration revealed an equal distribution of label between heparin and
      heparinase-resistant material presumed to be heparan sulfate. Heparin was also
      directly demonstrated in extracts of lesional mastocytosis skin by chemical and
      functional criteria.

PMID- 6445390
TI  - RX: permanent and total disability.

PMID- 6445389
TI  - Plasmid profiles in epidemiologic studies of infections by Staphylococcus
      epidermidis.
AB  - Plasmid profiles of cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis obtained by agarose
      gel electrophoresis were used, in conjunction with phage typing, biotyping, and
      antibiograms, in epidemiologic studies of infections in neonates and patients
      with cancer. In some cases, patients had cultures that were lysed by a single
      phage, belonged to the same biotype, and had identical antibiograms, but had
      distinctly different plasmid profiles. In other instances, almost identical
      plasmid profiles were observed in cultures lysed by a single phage, belonging to
      the same biotype, and with markedly different antibiograms. The plasmid profile
      technique was valuable in detecting distinct strains of S. epidermidis, and its
      use could be helpful in epidemiologic studies of infections by other organisms.

PMID- 6445391
TI  - Case report of ?hormonal vertigo.
AB  - A case-history of episodic vertigo, extending over 25 years, is reported. This
      case was twice investigated from the neurological standpoint without a definite
      conclusion being reached. Eventually a hormonal-electrolyte disturbance was
      postulated and, to some extent, established by prolonged observation and
      treatment.

PMID- 6445392
TI  - Diagnostic imperatives in internal medicine: the timely detection of treatable
      disease. Dermatology.

PMID- 6445393
TI  - The effect of 6-aminonicotinamide on limb development.
AB  - The morphological effect of the nicotinamide analogue 6-aminonicotinamide on the
      development of the embryonic chick limb was studied, with special reference to
      muscle, cartilage, feather germ formation, and ossification. No evidence was
      found to support theories of control of differentiation by nicotinamide-like
      substances, although the effect of nicotinamide analogues has often been quoted
      as evidence for such theories. However, the effect of 6-AN in shortening the limb
      provides an opportunity to study the interaction of various tissues in normal
      growth and development, and the results are used to shed further light on the
      processes involved in muscle splitting, and feather germ formation.

PMID- 6445394
TI  - Induction of tolerance in vitro by autologous murine testicular cells.
AB  - We have investigated the regulation of self tolerance in mice by examining
      lymphocyte reactivity in vitro against two subpopulations of autologous
      testicular cells: germ cells that were derived from the seminiferous tubules, and
      interstitial somatic cells. In the presence of germ cells, lymphocyte
      proliferation was strongly reduced. In contrast, somatic interstitial cells
      stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. In both cases, reactive lymphocytes were
      mostly T cells. Suppressor T cells activated by autologous germ cells were
      nonspecific and capable of inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation against autologous
      and allogeneic somatic testicular cells as well as against allogeneic spleen
      cells. Suppression was abrogated after treatment of the responder lymphocytes
      with anti-Ly-2.2 serum plus complement. Lymphocyte proliferation by autologous
      interstitial cells was considerably reduced, but not completely abolished, by
      complement-dependent lysis with anti-Thy-1.2 serum. This may indicate the
      participation in proliferation of a lymphoid cell population other than T cells.

PMID- 6445395
TI  - Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. III. Induction of delayed
      type hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate with anti-cross-reactive idiotypic
      antibodies.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) can be induced
      in A/J mice with intravenous injection of minute amounts of anti-cross-reactive
      idiotypic (CRI) antibodies, providing that the animals have been pretreated 2 d
      earlier with low doses of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg). However intravenous
      injection of the F(ab')2 fragments of the anti-CRI antibodies or subcutaneous
      administration with anti-CRI antibodies induces comparable immunity in both
      cyclophosphamide-pretreated and normal nontreated animals. Furthermore adoptive
      transfer experiments indicate that lymph node cells taken from animals sensitized
      with anti-CRI 4 d earlier can adoptively transfer immunity to naive recipients.
      Transfer of immunity is mediated by a population of thymus-dependent (T) cells,
      which express idiotypic structures on their surface. Treatment of effector cells
      with either anti-theta serum or anti-idiotypic antibodies plus complement
      completely abrogated their ability to transfer immunity. In addition idiotype
      bearing suppressor T cells induced with ABA-coupled spleen cells inhibit the
      development of ABA-specific DTH induced with anti-CRI antibodies. Genetic
      analysis revealed that the ability of anti-CRI antibodies to induce ABA-specific
      DTH was linked to Igh-1 heavy-chain allotype. Anti-idiotypic antibodies to the
      major CRI associated with anti-ABA antibodies in A/J mice failed to induce
      significant immunity in BALB/c mice (H-2d, Igh-1a). Nevertheless, they were able
      to induce significant immunity in C.AL20 mice (H-2d, Igh-1d) which possess a
      heavy-chain allotype similar to that of A/J mice.

PMID- 6445396
TI  - Immunological properties of subcellular rat lymphocyte preparations. Primary
      allogeneic stimulation in vitro by fractions containing Ia (RT1-B), but not RT1-A
      antigens.
AB  - Rat thymocyte membrane fractions have been prepared which exhibit strain-specific
      primary mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-stimulating and Ia (RT1-B) antigenic
      properties. These preparations lack the antigenicity of classical, serologically
      defined RT1-A (Ag-B) antigens, as defined by in vitro serologic assays.
      Furthermore, after immunization of allogeneic hosts, specific anti-Ia and MLR
      blocking antibodies, but not anti-AgB, alloantibodies are elaborated. Thymidine
      suicide experiments show that the same clones respond to whole cells and the
      fragments made from those cells, and the response segregates appropriately in F2
      progeny as a major histocompatibility complex (RT1)-linked phenomenon. Hence, it
      is possible to generate Ia-related allogeneic helper signals in primary, as well
      as secondary, in vitro responses, using subcellular membrane fragments that have
      restricted expression of RT1-B-, but not RT1-A-, encoded antigens.

PMID- 6445397
TI  - Human T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by Fc receptors and monoclonal
      antibodies. A comparison.
AB  - Human T cell subpopulations have been defined on the basis of differential
      expression of either Fc receptors or specific cell-surface antigens. In this
      study, we utilized a series of monoclonal antibodies reactive with T cells,
      monocytes, and Ia antigens to characterize isolated subpopulations of T cells
      bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma) and subpopulations of T
      cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgM T mu. The results showed that
      the T mu population contained both inducer (OKT4+) and cytotoxic/suppressor
      (OKT5+) populations and was similar to the unfractionated T cell population,
      whereas the T gamma subset contained few T lymphocytes (OKT3+) and was not
      enriched for either T cell subset defined by these monoclonal antibodies. Rather,
      the T gamma population was comprised largely of Ia- cells possessing a monocyte
      antigen (OKM1+). In reciprocal studies, it was found that both isolated OKT4+ and
      OKT5+ T cell subsets contained few T gamma cells, whereas both subsets were
      mainly comprised of T mu cells. We conclude that there is little correlation
      between T cell subsets defined by these monoclonal antibodies and those defined
      by Fc receptors.

PMID- 6445398
TI  - Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. IV. Idiotype-bearing I-J+
      suppressor T cell factors induce second-order suppressor T cells which express
      anti-idiotypic receptors.
AB  - Administration of azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-coupled syngeneic spleen cells
      intravenously to A/J mice leads to the generation of suppressor T cells (Ts1)
      which exhibit specific binding to ABA-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated dishes.
      These Ts1 share idiotypic determinants with the major cross-reactive idiotype
      (CRI) of the anti-ABA antibodies of A/J mice, and also produce a soluble
      suppressor factor (TsF) bearing CRI and I-J subregion-coded determinants.
      Injection of this TsF into naive A/J mice elicits a second set of specific
      suppressor cells (Ts2) which are not lysed by anti-CRI antibody plus C, and which
      do not bind to ABA-BSA-coated dishes. However, in contrast with Ts1, these Ts2 do
      bind to plates bearing CRI+ anti-ABA immunoglobulin. Thus, Ts2 exhibit anti
      idiotypic specificity. These data indicate that antigen elicits the production of
      a soluble T cell product bearing both variable portion of the Ig heavy chain (VH)
      and I-J subregion-coded determinants which serves to communicate between T cell
      subsets to establish an idiotype-anti-idiotype regulatory pathway.

PMID- 6445399
TI  - Contribution of dendritic cells to stimulation of the murine syngeneic mixed
      leukocyte reaction.
AB  - We have studied the proliferative response of unprimed T cells to syngeneic
      dendritic cells (DC) (syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction [SMLR]) in cultures of
      mouse spleen and lymph node. T cells purified by passage over nylon wool contain
      few DC and exhibits little proliferative activity during several days of culture.
      Addition of small numbers of purified syngeneic DC induces substantial, dose
      dependent, T cell-proliferative responses that peak at day 4-5. B cells purified
      on anti-Ig-coated plates do not respond to DC at all doses tested. DC culture
      medium does not induce proliferation, and coculture of DC and T cells is
      required. Purified mouse B and T lymphocytes stimulate SMLR weakly if at all.
      Likewise, peritoneal and spleen macrophages are weak or inactive. Therefore, DC
      are potent and possibly unique primary cells for stimulating the SMLR in mice.
      sIg- spleen and lymph node cells show extensive background proliferative
      responses in vitro, and fail to respond to small numbers of purified DC. If the
      sIg- cells are treated with anti-Ia and complement, or passed over nylon wool, DC
      are removed and proliferative activity falls. Proliferative activity is restored
      by adding back DC at levels similar to those present in sIg- cells (1-2%). Thus,
      DC-dependent, T cell proliferation probably occurs in all spleen and lymph node
      cultures. As expected from previous work (6), DC are also potent inducers of
      allogeneic MLR. On a per DC basis, the syngeneic response is 10 times weaker than
      the allogeneic MLR, and it is not accompanied by the development of cytotoxic
      lymphocytes. The magnitude of the SMLR was not altered by antigen priming, and DC
      maintained in isologous rather than fetal calf serum were active stimulators.
      Therefore, syngeneic stimulation appears to be an intrinsic property of DC, and
      modification by exogenous agents does not seem to be required. Coculture of DC
      and T cells results in the development of cell clusters that can be isolated and
      characterized directly. The clusters account for 10-20% of the viable cells in
      the culture, but contain greater than 80% of the responding T cells and
      stimulating DC by morphologic and surface-marker criteria. The efficient physical
      association of DC and responding T cells implies specific cell-cell recognition.
      We conclude that the SMLR reflects the ability of T cells, or some subpopulation
      of T cells, to interact with and proliferate in response to small numbers of DC.

PMID- 6445400
TI  - Antigen-specific T cell-mediated suppression. V. H-2-linked genetic control of
      distinct antigen-specific defects in the production and activity of L-glutamic
      acid50-L-tyrosine50 suppressor factor.
AB  - The occurrence of distinct genetic defects affecting the generation of T cell
      derived suppressor factor (TsF) or the suppressive activity of such TsF was
      investigated. For the synthetic polypeptide L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT),
      it could be shown that the nonsuppressor strain A/J fails to produce suppressor T
      cells (Ts1) capable of GT-TsF generation upon challenge with GT. Conversely, B6,
      another nonsuppressor strain, produces GT-TsF active on other allogeneic strains
      such as A/J, but itself fails to be suppressed by this material. (B6A)F1 mice
      both make GT-TsF, and are suppressed by it. Further experiments revealed that the
      production of GT-TsF and the ability to be suppressed by GT-TsF are under the
      control of H-2-linked genes. Finally, the defect in GT-TsF activity in B6 mice
      was shown to be exquisitely antigen specific, in that this strain can be
      suppressed by a closely related TsF specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L
      tyrosine10. It is suggested that H-2 (I) control of suppressor T cell (Ts)
      activity may reflect the involvement of I-A and I-C gene products in antigen
      presentation to Ts in analog with other T cell subsets, and that TsF function
      might also involve such presentation, in this case of the idiotypic structures of
      the TsF-combining site. Predictions deriving from this hypothesis are discussed,
      including the possibility that H-2 linked immune response genes regulate auto
      anti-idiotypic responses in immune networks.

PMID- 6445401
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-androsten-3 beta, 17 beta-diol
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A radioimmunological method is described for the determination of
      dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-androsten-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in plasma.
      Interfering cross-reactions of the antiserum of 5-androsten-3 beta, 17 beta-diol
      with testosterone and pregnenolone make it necessary to separate the steroids by
      thin-layer chromatography before their final determination. With respect to
      sensitivity, this method is superior to the commonly used photometric and gas
      chromatographic analytical procedures. For both steroids the limits of detection
      are about 170 fmol.

PMID- 6445402
TI  - The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: a test of the
      arousal model.
AB  - The personality dimension of introversion/extraversion is one of the few
      personality dimensions that can be reliably identified from study to study and
      investigator to investigator. The importance of this demension within personality
      theory is due both to the stability of the trait and the influential theory of H.
      J. Eysenck. The basic assumption in Eysenck's theory of introversion/extraversion
      is that the personality differences between introverts and extraverts reflect
      some basic difference in the resting level of cortical arousal or activation.
      Assuming that there is a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U) between levels
      of stress and performance leads to a test of this arousal theory. That is,
      moderate increases in stress should hinder the performance of introverts who are
      presumably already highly aroused. However, the same moderate increase in stress
      might help the performance of the presumably underaroused extraverts. Revelle,
      Amaral, and Turriff reported that the administration of moderate doses of
      caffeine hindered the performance of introverts and helped the performance of
      extraverts on a cognitive task similar to the verbal test of the Graduate Record
      Examination. Assuming that caffeine increases arousal, this interaction between
      introversion/extraversion and drug condition supports Eysenck's theory. This
      interaction was explored in a series of experiments designed to replicate,
      extend, and test the generality of the original finding. The interaction between
      personality and drug condition was replicated and extended to additional
      cognitive performance tasks. However, these interactions were affected by time of
      day and stage of practice, and the subscales of introversion/extraversion,
      impulsivity, and sociability, were differentially affected. In the morning of the
      first day, low impulsives were hindered and high impulsives helped by caffeine.
      This pattern reversed in the evening of the first day, and it reversed again in
      the evening of Day 2. We concluded that the results from the first day of testing
      require a revision of Eysenck's theory. Instead of a stable difference in arousal
      between low and high impulsives, it appeared that these groups differed in the
      phase of their diurnal arousal rhythms. The result is that low impulsives are
      more aroused in the morning and less aroused in the evening than are the high
      impulsives. A variety of peripheral or strategic explanations (differences in
      caffeine consumption, guessing strategies, distraction, etc.) for the observed
      performance increments and decrements were proposed and tentatively rejected. It
      seems probable that some fundamental change in the efficiency with which
      information is processes is responsible for these performance changes.

PMID- 6445403
TI  - Personality, time of day, and caffeine: some theoretical and conceptual problems
      in Revelle et al.
AB  - Revelle et al. have provided convincing evidence of interesting and replicable
      empirical relationships between the factors of time of day, caffeine
      administration, and impulsivity. Furthermore, their data suggest that differences
      between introverts and extraverts in time of day effects are due more to the
      impulsivity component of extraversion than to the sociability component. However,
      their preferred interpretation of the data in terms of a unidimensional arousal
      model is seriously deficient and should be replaced by a more complex
      conceptualization that emphasizes the existence of a number of qualitatively
      distinct activation states and that focuses on the effects of each of these
      activation states on the componential functions of information processing.

PMID- 6445404
TI  - Individual differences in diurnal rhythms and multiple activation states: a reply
      to M. W. Eysenck and Folkard.
AB  - Three issues raised by M. W. Eysenck and Folkard are discussed. These include (a)
      just what individual difference variable is mediating the time of day and
      caffeine effects; (b) what the difference is in the diurnal rhythms of low and
      high impulsives; and (c) whether it is necessary to postulate multiple activation
      states. Suggestions for future research are then given.

PMID- 6445405
TI  - Temporal integration in visual memory.
AB  - Iconic memory has often been likened to a sensory store whose contents drain away
      rapidly as soon as the inducing stimulus is turned off. Instances of short-lived
      visible persistence have been explained in terms of the decaying contents of
      iconic store. A fundamental requirement of this storage model is that strength of
      persistence should be a decreasing function of time elapsed since the cessation-
      not since the onset--of the inducing stimulation. That is, strength of visible
      persistence may be directly related--but not inversely related--to the duration
      of the inducing stimulus. Two complementary paradigms were utilized in the
      present studies. In the first paradigm performance was facilitated by visible
      persistence in that the task required the bridging of a temporal gap between two
      successive displays. In the second paradigm (forward visual masking by pattern),
      performance was impaired lingering visible persistence of the temporally leading
      mask. Both paradigms yielded evidence of an inverse relationship between duration
      of inducing stimulus and duration of visible persistence. More specifically, in a
      task requiring temporal integration of a pattern displayed briefly in two
      successive portions, performance was severely impaired if the duration of the
      leading part exceeded about 100 msec. This suggests an inverse relationship
      between duration of inducing stimulus and duration of sensory persistence and
      allows the inference that visual persistence may be identified more fittingly
      with ongoing neural processes than with the decaying contents of an iconic store.
      In keeping with this suggestion, two experiments disconfirmed the conjecture that
      lack of temporal integration following long induced stimuli could be ascribed to
      emergence of unitary form separately in the two portions of the display or to the
      triggering of some sort of discontinuity detection mechanism within the visual
      system. In added support of a "processing" model, two further studies showed that
      the severity of forward masking by pattern declines sharply as the duration of
      the leading mask is increased. This pattern of results is equally unsupportive of
      a storage theory of iconic persistence as a perceptual moment theory in any of
      its versions. This is so because both theories regard interstimulus interval
      rather than stimulus-onset asynchrony as the crucial factor in temporal
      integration. Neither can the results be explained in terms of receptor adaptation
      or of metacontrast suppression. The theory of inhibitory channel interactions can
      encompass the more prominent aspects of the results but fails to account for
      foveal suppression and for some crucial temporal effects.

PMID- 6445406
TI  - [Thyroglossal tractus. Anatomo-pathological findings].

PMID- 6445407
TI  - [The paralateronasal surgical technic and results in 55 cases of
      ethmoidomaxillary cancers].

PMID- 6445408
TI  - [Ventilation by injection for suspension laryngoscopy in children].

PMID- 6445409
TI  - [Cervical adenopathies in cancers of the piriform sinus: clinical study and
      results of radiotherapy].

PMID- 6445410
TI  - [Surgical approach to facial abnormalities: the case of facial hemiatrophies,
      diagnostic problems].

PMID- 6445411
TI  - [Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes in O.R.L. (ectopic secretion of polypeptide
      hormones)].

PMID- 6445412
TI  - Clonus: the role of central mechanisms.
AB  - The peripheral and central components in sustained clonus were investigated. The
      excitability of the motoneurons responding to maintained stretch by clonus was
      examined by tendon taps, trains of vibratory stimuli and by H-reflex afferent
      volleys. Every burst of clonic discharge of the motoneurons was shown to be
      followed by a refractory period, which was followed by a shorter excitatory
      period. It was concluded that the motoneurons responding clonically to a
      continuous stretch cannot respond until their excitability has been regained
      after the refractory period. Attempts to change the rate of clonus in various
      ways failed to do so. Whether motoneurons of clonic muscles tend to respond
      maximally to other Ia volleys at the rate of clonus was examined by applying
      repeated taps to the tendon at rates from 1 to 15 Hz. There was a maximal
      response at the rate of clonus. Inputs other than those induced by stretch cause
      clonus; examples of cutaneous inputs causing it are given.

PMID- 6445413
TI  - Responses of Ia and spindle group II afferents to single motor-unit contractions.
AB  - 1. The responses of deefferented Ia and spindle group II afferents to
      electrically activated twitch contractions of randomly selected motor units of
      the cat tibialis posterior muscle have been studied. Each afferent was paired
      with from 8 to 20 of the muscle's 60 motor units, and each afferent-motor unit
      interaction was recorded to two muscle lengths. 2. Cross-correlation histograms
      were compiled for each afferent-motor unit interaction studied as well as the
      average twitch tension produced by the motor unit. A numerical "coupling index"
      was computed for the histogram distributions to quantitate the extent of
      mechanical coupling between the receptor and the single motor units. 3.
      Qualitatively, no consistent differences were noted in the responses of Ia and
      spindle group II afferents to single motor-unit contractions. However, Ia
      afferents were responsive to a higher percentage of motor units with which they
      were tested (89%) and, on the average, displayed a significantly larger magnitude
      of response (mean coupling index, 0.72 +/- 0.04 SE) than the spindle group II
      afferents (66% of motor units; mean coupling index, 0.51 +/- 0.03). 4. The extent
      to which a motor-unit contraction altered the discharge pattern of a spindle
      afferent was not strictly related to the amount of force generated by the unit,
      nor to its contraction time. 5. Muscle length exerted a strong influence on both
      the qualitative and quantitative features of many of the motor unit-muscle
      receptor interactions. 6. These results suggest that the degree of "mechanical
      coupling" between a receptor and a motor unit is largely dependent on anatomical
      arrangements and reinforce the possibility that muscle receptors generate a
      "sensory partitioning" of the motor-unit population within a muscle.

PMID- 6445414
TI  - The anatomical basis for femoral nerve palsy following iliacus hematoma.
AB  - With increased use of anticoagulant agents, femoral neuropathy subsequent to
      hemorrhage within the iliacus muscle has become a frequent clinical problem. The
      mechanism for this type of femoral nerve palsy was studied in dissections of the
      iliac region and by injections of latex into fascial planes in that area. In most
      dissections, up to four fascial layers, parallel to the iliacus sheath, could be
      identified. Variable states of fusion of these layers often produced up to three
      pouches, separated by loose connective tissue or fat. These fasciae (called
      "lamina peritonealis," "lamina transversalis," "lamina preiliaca," and "lamina
      iliaca") appear to be variable adult remnants of distinct fascial layers present
      in the posterior abdominal wall during embryological development, and serve to
      strengthen the intrinsic fascia of the iliacus muscle. Latex injected into the
      iliacus sheath spread from the midlumbar region to the femoral triangle,
      surrounding, compressing, and stretching the femoral nerve in different parts of
      its course. These observations suggest an anatomical basis for femoral nerve
      palsy during iliacus hematoma.

PMID- 6445415
TI  - Blood and mast cell histamine levels in magnesium-deficient rats.
AB  - The number and morphology of mast cells (MCs) in the duodenal submucosa and the
      histamine content of blood and isolated peritoneal mast cells were estimated
      sequentially in male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats magnesium (Mg)-depleted for up
      to 48 days. Blood histamine levels increased 4--5-fold by 14 days of Mg depletion
      and subsequently declined to levels similar to those in pair-fed Mg-adequate
      controls. In the same period, the submucosal MCs continuously increased in
      number, beginning to plateau at 6--7 times the control number between days 36--48
      of Mg deficiency. Massive MC degranulation was seen in the early stages of Mg
      depletion but subsided after 16--20 days. Subsequently, the submucosal MCs
      appeared small and rounded. They showed reduced staining with toluidine blue
      indicating a deficiency in the mucopolysaccharide component of the storage
      granules. Histamine content of purified peritoneal MCs from Mg-deficient rats was
      reduced by 10 days of Mg depletion and remained at or below one-third the control
      level throughout the depletion period. The data suggest that the MCs remaining or
      developed during chronic Mg depletion are deficient in their capacity to store
      and secrete histamine.

PMID- 6445416
TI  - The importance of pre-employment examination in the prevention and control of
      occupational skin disease.

PMID- 6445417
TI  - Immunoregulatory activity of double-stranded RNA (BRL 5907): characterization of
      murine effector cells.

PMID- 6445418
TI  - Scleroderma skin--conflicting mucopolysaccharide data reflect stages in
      connective tissue maturation.
AB  - It is proposed that the skin of scleroderma patients undergoes orderly temporal
      changes akin to connective tissue maturation which are reflected in its
      mucopolysaccharide composition. The apparently conflicting data on
      mucopolysaccharide changes in scleroderma skin reported in the literature are
      analyzed in the light of this hypothesis and a possible explanation for the
      conflict is profferred.

PMID- 6445419
TI  - A physiological study of functional expression in Escherichia coli of the cloned
      yeast imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase gene.

PMID- 6445420
TI  - Frameshift mutations affecting the N-terminal sequence of Neurospora NADP
      specific glutamate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6445421
TI  - A special child: a short story.

PMID- 6445422
TI  - Helping others cope with disability.

PMID- 6445423
TI  - The spirit that wins.

PMID- 6445424
TI  - Effect of venous stasis on the consolidation of fractures.
AB  - In an experimental study of 60 rabbits (120 preparations) in which a bilateral
      fibular osteotomy was performed, a group of 40 rabbits had ligation of the vena
      cava, and a group of 20 rabbits were used as controls. The results were evaluated
      by microscopic study by H&E, PAS abd Alcian Blue staining and showed that venous
      stasis accelerates the process of fracture healing by increasing fibroblastic and
      osteoblastic proliferation and bone production. The effects of changes in pH, and
      concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are suggested as the factors that
      modify the mechanism of osteogenesis, and greater quantities of
      mucopolysaccharide substances were observed at the fracture site in the group
      with venous stasis.

PMID- 6445425
TI  - The structure of the bacteriophage lambda head studied by protein cross-linking.

PMID- 6445426
TI  - Specificity of the bacteriophage Mu mom+ -controlled DNA modification.
AB  - Bacteriophage Mu DNA was labeled after induction in the presence of [8
      3H]adenine. Purified DNA was enzymatically digested, and the 3H-labeled
      dinucleotides were isolated. Approximately 15 to 20% of the adenine residues were
      modified to a new form, Ax, as observed previously (S. Hattman, J. Virol. 32:468
      475, 1979) in bulk DNA. Paper electrophoretic analysis revealed that only two
      dinucleotide species contain Ax, namely, (Ax,C) and (Ax,G). The observation that
      only C and G are the nearest neighbors of Ax is consistent with the proposal of
      Kahmann and Kamp (R. Kahmann and D. Kamp, J. Mol. Biol., in press) that
      modification of Mu DNA occurs at the A residue within the pentanucleotide
      sequence, 5'...(CG)-A-(GC)-N-Py...3'.

PMID- 6445428
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis: a broader perspective.

PMID- 6445427
TI  - Synthesis of thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in bacteriophage phi W-14
      infected Pseudomonas acidovorans.
AB  - Host DNA synthesis stopped about 10 min after the infection of Pseudomonas
      acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14, but host DNA was not degraded to acid
      soluble fragments. The synthesis of host but not of phage DNA was inhibited by 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine. The nucleotide pools of infected cells did not contain dTTP,
      and infection resulted in the appearance of dTTPase activity. Although ornithine
      labeled the alpha-putrescinylthymine residues of phi W-14 DNA, ornithine-labeled
      nucleotides were not detected in infected cells. A new deoxynucleoside
      triphosphate did appear in infected cells, but it was not labeled by ornithine.
      It is concluded that the thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in phi W-14 DNA are
      synthesized at the polynucleotide level.

PMID- 6445429
TI  - Disulfiram-like reaction to a cephalosporin.

PMID- 6445430
TI  - Respiratory disability in coal miners.
AB  - It has been suggested that the assessment of ventilatory capacity alone is
      inadequate for the determination of disabling occupational respiratory impairment
      in coal miners. The Department of Labor has accepted this view and now routinely
      requests blood gas analyses in those claimants not meeting the ventilatory
      criteria. We tested the validity of this contention by selecting two groups of
      coal miners claiming total disability. The first consisted of 150 claimants who
      were referred for spirometry, while the second consisted of 50 claimants who had
      been referred for blood gas studies. Of those in group 1, eight met the extent
      criteria for disability, while only two of those in group 2 satisfied the
      criteria, and, in both, cardiac disease was responsible. We conclude that blood
      gas analyses are unnecessary in the determination of pulmonary disability in coal
      miners.

PMID- 6445431
TI  - Black lung benefits.

PMID- 6445432
TI  - Vectorcardiographical and pathological approach to the relationship between
      cardiac hypertrophy and coronary arteriosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR).
AB  - To study the pathophysiology and the pathogenesis of hypertensive cardiac
      diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy and ischemic heart diseases, and to
      determine the relationship between these cardiopathies, spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) were used as models.
      Vectorcardiography was applied to the rat according to orthogonal Takayasu lead
      system and "vectorcardiography for small animals" with a good reproducibility was
      established. Characteristic vectorcardiogram (VCG) was obtained from 5-month-old
      SHR, compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WK). Left superior (posterior)
      deviation of QRS vector usually with ST-T changes was recognized as LVH (Left
      Ventricular Hypertrophy) pattern of SHR and such corresponded to the pathological
      findings of the increased heart weight and the increased weight and thickness of
      the left ventricular wall, and also to the high blood pressure. Macroscopical
      morphological features of the heart were also studied. Chest roentgenography
      showed and increased cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and the protrusion of the left
      ventricular portion in the posteroanterior cardiac silhouette of SHR. The
      horizontal view of the chest, cross-sectioned by the apparatus of whole body
      autoradiography, PMV-cryomicrotome 450 MP, indicated the left anterior
      orientation of the interventricular septum in rats, as is the case in humans, and
      the clockwise rotation of the left ventricular cavity in SHR, compared with WK.
      The coronary arterial wall thickening with narrowed lumen was noted even in the
      prehypertensive 1-month-old SHR. Such correlated well with the wall thickening of
      the left ventricle. From these vectorcardiographical and morphological studies on
      SHR and SHRSP, genetic hypertension was ascertained to be significant not only
      for cardiac hypertrophy but for the coronary arterial wall thickening, both of
      which may also enhance the myocardial lesions in SHR, particularly in SHRSP.

PMID- 6445433
TI  - Effects of extracorporeal circulation on cardiac performance and coronary blood
      flow (total and regional). A study of differences arising from pre-existent left
      ventricular load and anoxic arrest.
AB  - It was researched how the ECC affects on cardiac performance and the total and
      regional coronary blood flow, using two groups of dogs with a hypertrophied heart
      and a non-hypertrophied heart, each group of which was further divided into two
      subgroups depending on whether the intermittent 40 mins. anoxic arrest was
      applied or not. Cardiac performance before and 60 mins. after cessation of ECC
      were compared each other. Coronary hemodynamics was studied before, during
      (immediately before and after anoxic arrest), and 60 mins. after cessation of
      ECC, using 15 +/- 5 diameter radioactive microspheres. 1) In the group of a non
      hypertrophied heart, no obvious changes of cardiac performance were seen before
      and after ECC. The total coronary blood flow increased after ECC than before.
      Though the regional coronary blood flow pattern showed no differences in this
      group except only immediately after anoxic arrest, when the regional blood flow
      into the right ventricle, inner and middle layers of the left ventricle
      increased. 2) In the group of a hypertrophied heart, cardiac performance
      decreased after ECC, and further significant decrease was observed in the
      subgroup of anoxic arrest. No significant changes of the total coronary blood
      flow were observed before and after ECC in this group, even when compared with
      that in the group of a non-hypertrophied group. However, the increase of blood
      flow to the right ventricle, inner and middle layers of the left ventricle
      immediately after anoxic arrest was not observed, that was seen in the group of a
      nonhypertrophied heart. 3) It follows that the decrease of cardiac performance
      after ECC in the group of a hypertrophied heart is not due to the changes of the
      total and regional coronary blood flow. It is considered that the difference of
      the regional coronary blood flow pattern changes immediately after anoxic arrest
      between the non-hypertrophied heart group and hypertrophied group may cause the
      different changes of cardiac performance before and after ECC between the two
      groups. This consideration should be more justified by evaluating not only
      coronary hemodynamics but also the relationship between cardiac metabolic needs
      and the regional coronary blood flow.

PMID- 6445434
TI  - Comparison of Frank-vectorcardiograms of normal conduction and right bundle
      branch block in patients with intermittent or transient right bundle branch
      block.
AB  - For the purpose of obtaining fundamental data to make the diagnostic criteria for
      coexisting electrocardiographic abnormalities in right bundle branch block
      (RBBB), the Frank-vectorcardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were
      studied in both normal and RBBB conductions in 25 patients (16 males and 9
      females, aged 6 to 78 years) with intermittent or transient RBBB. There were no
      statistically significant differences in the corresponding instantaneous QRS
      vectors between normal and RBBB conductions during the first 10.4 (+/- 3.2) msec
      of the QRS duration on the average. No statistically significant differences
      existed in the mean Q amplitudes of the Frank leads between normal and RBBB
      conductions. After the development of RBBB, voltages of Rx and Ry, and the planar
      maximum QRS vectors decreased approximately by 10% on the average, and Rz
      decreased significantly by 63.9% on the average, and S amplitudes of the 3 Frank
      leads increased significantly. We observed 3 patients showing a complete reversal
      of the sense of inscription of the horizontal QRS loop from counterclockwise to
      clockwise after the development of RBBB. Two of these patients showed no clinical
      evidence of cardiac or pulmonary diseases except for RBBB. After the appearance
      of RBBB, maximum T vectors deviated significantly posteriorly in the horizontal
      and left sagittal planes. Twenty-three patients showed counterclockwise
      inscription of the T loop both in the horizontal and left sagittal planes, and 9
      patients in the frontal plane. After the development of RBBB, we observed a
      complete reversal in the sense of inscription of the T loop from counterclockwise
      to clockwise in 13 cases (56.5%) in the horizontal plane, in 15 cases (65.2%) in
      the left sagittal plane, and in 8 cases (88.9%) in the frontal plane.

PMID- 6445435
TI  - [Quantitative ECG analysis in 12 conventional leads].

PMID- 6445436
TI  - [Importance of the occupational factor in the realization of influences that
      induce atherogenic disorders of lipid metabolism].
AB  - The phenotype was determined and the concentration of the main classes of lipids
      was studied in blood serum of 248 engineers and other technical workers (ETW).
      High prevalence of hyperproteinemia, type IV in particular, was revealed among
      the administrative group fo ETW whose work is associated with marked neuro
      emotional stress and high personal responsibility. This occupational factor
      promoted and levelled the age shifts in lipid metabolism and contributed to the
      realization of the hereditary determined disorders of lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6445437
TI  - [Disorder of circadian lipid rhythms in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Thirty-six healthy males and 157 males with ischemic heart disease were examined.
      Healthy males had statistically significant changes in the daily rhythm of
      cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and total blood serum lipids, while the
      rhythms of nonesterified fatty acids, total phospholipids, and overall content of
      beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins were statistically insignificant. Patients with
      ischemic heart disease had statistically significant rhythms of cholesterol,
      triglycerides, total lipids, and total phospholipids, while the daily rhythms of
      nonesterified fatty acids, glucose and the overall content of beta- and pre-beta
      lipoproteins in blood serum were statistically insignificant. Desynchronization
      of the acrophase of the daily rhythm of the overall content of beta-and pre-beta
      lipoproteins as compared to the findings in healthy individuals was encountered.

PMID- 6445438
TI  - [Effectiveness of 1 of the specialized devices for mass cardiological screening
      of the population].
AB  - The efficacy of a specialized device for automatic ECG analysis was appraised on
      the grounds of examination of 1,499 healthy and sick persons. The method makes it
      possible to detect 74,2% of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
      Patients with ischemic heart disease were detected with the greatest reliability
      (over 90%). A high reproduction of the results on homogeneous contingents of
      healthy and sick persons is shown, which is evidence that the use of specialized
      devices for automatic ECG analysis should be recommended for the cardiological
      screening of the population.

PMID- 6445439
TI  - [Central hemodynamics and the functional state of the hypertrophied left
      ventricle in arterial hypertension].
AB  - Central hemodynamics and contractile function of the left ventricle were studied
      by catheterization and ventriculography in 43 patients with arterial
      hypertension. Significant decrease in the indices of left-ventricular
      contractility depending on the ECG findings and angiographic criteria of
      myocardial hypertrophy without dilatation of the cardiac cavities was revealed.
      At the same time, the indices of intramyocardial tension remained within normal
      limits or decreased slightly. Thus, left-ventricular hypertrophy in patients with
      arterial hypertension is of a compensatory character, develops according to a
      strictly concentric type, and is attended by diminished contractile function of
      the myocardium.

PMID- 6445440
TI  - [Comparative value of the electro- and echocardiogram in the diagnosis of left
      ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension].

PMID- 6445441
TI  - [Effectiveness of enlarging surgical clinics within the central regional
      hospital].

PMID- 6445442
TI  - [Cancer of the mammary gland in men].

PMID- 6445444
TI  - Mesangial electron-dense deposits in membranous nephropathy.
AB  - In the absence of lupus, mesangial electron-dense deposits in membranous
      nephropathy are thought to be uncommon. In this study 18 renal biopsies of 16
      cases seen over a 2-year period were evaluated by light and electron microscopy
      and immunofluorescence, directing particular attention to the mesangium. Lupus
      had been excluded in every instance by the usual serologic tests. In seven of the
      18 biopsies, mesangial electron-dense deposits were found. Clinically, almost all
      of these patients were characterized by atypical features: five patients had
      underlying diseases which have been associated with membranous nephropathy (renal
      vein thrombosis, epidermoid carcinoma of the lung, SH-antigenemia, rheumatic
      heart disease and penicillamine therapy); there was one instance of spontaneous
      remission and another patient who progressed to terminal renal failure in less
      than 2 years. The results suggest that the presence of mesangial deposits in
      membranous nephropathy may be more common than has previously been suspected.
      This finding is not necessarily associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and
      may indicate an unusual or atypical form of membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 6445443
TI  - Intestinal filtration as a consequence of increased mucosal hydraulic
      permeability. A new concept for laxative action.
AB  - Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the secretory action of laxative
      compounds in the intestine: 1. increase of the intracellular amount of cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate due to stimulation of the adenylate cyclase system and 2.
      inhibition of intestinal transfer processes, in particular the Na,K-ATPase
      activated sodium absorption. In a set of in vivo and in vitro experiments in rat
      colon it could be demonstrated that dihydroxy bile acids (deoxycholate) and
      diphenolic laxatives (oxyphenisatin) enhance the hydraulic permeability of the
      mucosal tissue. The permeability changes take place--and there is good
      experimental evidence--at the zonulae occludentes which bind the epithelial cells
      together at their luminal borders. Due to laxative action the hydraulic
      permeability of the colonic mucosa increases to such an extent that according to
      the Starling forces the normal subepithelial hydrostatic pressure is a sufficient
      driving force to reverse net sodium, chloride, and water absorption into net
      secretion. A new concept of "intestinal filtration as a consequence of increased
      mucosal hydraulic permeability" is proposed to explain the laxative action of
      deoxycholate and oxyphenisatin in the colon. The question whether inhibition of
      Na,K-ATPase activity, cyclic AMP-mediated secretion or increased hydraulic
      permeability of the colonic mucosa are causatively linked to and quantitatively
      meaningful in intestinal secretion remains open.

PMID- 6445445
TI  - Diminished mesangial accumulation of intravenously injected soluble immune
      complexes in rats with autologous immune complex nephritis.

PMID- 6445446
TI  - P.L. 94-142: Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1975.

PMID- 6445447
TI  - An historical perspective.

PMID- 6445448
TI  - Medical assessment of the child with a handicap.

PMID- 6445449
TI  - Psychosocial assessment of the handicapped.
AB  - Assessment of the child with a handicap is in a state of flux due to new
      constraints regarding the use of tests which label and shunt children into
      restrictive environments. The process of identifying and assessing youngsters is
      a time-consuming and costly process, particulary when what we call "standard
      practices" are employed. The present flux may, in fact, permit a careful re
      evaluation of the role of individualized assessment resulting in positive
      changes. The trend of the future suggests a shift to a more comprehensive
      framework for assessment, one that takes into account the behavior of the
      environment and its influences upon the individual. Assessors will have to be
      trained to understand and use these methods, particularly as they contribute to
      the development of educationally relevant data and more appropriate educational
      programs for handicapped youngsters. Health workers have an important role to
      play in this shift, for many of them will recognize that, because of economic and
      practical constraints, a public health orientation may be important and necessary
      as we seek to provide a free, publicly supported education to all handicapped
      children and youth.

PMID- 6445450
TI  - The Individualized Educational Program (IEP)-new concept? or new label?

PMID- 6445451
TI  - Physical and occupational therapy.

PMID- 6445452
TI  - Adapted physical education--perspective on systematic implementation.
AB  - Much has been written concerning special education legislation and resulting
      efforts to initiate appropriate educational programs within established
      guidelines. One of the specific curriculum areas which has been significantly
      affected is physical education. This article attempts to clarify the new
      perspective in which physical education is viewed within the educational process
      of the handicapped child. The role which health-related personnel can play in
      that process is concurrently discussed.

PMID- 6445453
TI  - Family life education for the handicapped.
AB  - Only a small percentage of America's handicapped population presently receives
      adequate instruction in family life education. The development of healthy
      attitudes and a positive self-concept are enhanced by education in sexuality with
      openness toward this sensitive area. Parents are the primary sex educators of
      their children, with schools, religious groups and various community agencies
      playing a supplementary role. In not educating handicapped individuals, society
      further burdens them with additional insecurities and feelings of inadequacy.
      People who are exposed to family life education programs tend to act more
      responsibly in their personal relationships and feel better about themselves.

PMID- 6445454
TI  - Coping with double-barrelled discrimination.

PMID- 6445455
TI  - Career development for diverse populations of handicapped students.
AB  - This paper examines some of the issues associated with providing meaningful
      career education/counseling for handicapped youths. Career awareness begins in
      elementary school and moves through career exploration at the senior high level
      to career preparation in high school. Special care must be exercised in advising
      handicapped individuals who are making decisions regarding college preparatory
      course work vs. vocational training.

PMID- 6445456
TI  - Involving parents in special programming.
AB  - Parent programming is defined as direct services to parents which may include
      assistance in managing personal or family life as well as assistance in
      developing knowledge, skills and attitudes. The content and methodology of parent
      programming should be based on the beliefs and assumptions of both parents and
      professionals. Competency-based programming is presented as a promising approach
      to improving parent competence. Results of initial studies in parent competency
      identification, prioritization and assessment are discussed along with procedures
      for instructional programming.

PMID- 6445458
TI  - Summary of statement on school nurses working with handicapped children.

PMID- 6445457
TI  - Mainstreaming handicapped children: the underlying legal concept.

PMID- 6445460
TI  - Values of the professional and their effect on handicapped youth.

PMID- 6445459
TI  - Financial and administrative considerations.
AB  - The following is a discussion of some of the major achievements and problems in
      the implementation of PL 94-142 nationally. Existing and projected financial and
      administrative problems are raised, including a discussion of some of the
      confusion which has evolved in the provision of related services. The paper
      concludes with a presentation of decision-making guidelines regarding related
      services which may be useful to local educators in the IEP development process.

PMID- 6445461
TI  - Predictions: education of the handicapped.
AB  - Because all changes in our society evolve slowly, we must now begin to develop
      comprehensive future plans for educating the handicapped. In order for the
      educational system of the future to meet the needs of society, programs must be
      designed to accommodate the uniqueness of each student. The system must focus on
      vocational orientation and realistic preparation for adult living to support the
      concept that handicapped individuals have a potential for community integration.
      Comprehensive training, realized through cooperation of schools and ongoing
      community resources, will prepare the handicapped to take their place in a work
      force which will need to utilize the potential of every qualified individual
      available.

PMID- 6445462
TI  - An improved approach for performance evaluation in lower extremity involvement.
AB  - An investigation has been carried out to confirm the relationship between heart
      rate and energy expenditure in case of normal and lower extremity handicapped
      persons and, to explore the difference, if any, between both the relationships.
      Studies have been made on 8 below-knee amputees fitted with patellar-tendon
      bearing (PTB) prostheses and 10 normal subjects, taken as two separate groups and
      also, on 1 below-knee amputee and 1 control subject as individuals. It has been
      found that a significant difference exists between both the relationships and
      hence, separate heart rate-energy expenditure relationship is needed to evaluate
      the performance of lower extremity handicapped in clinics and in industry without
      going into the cumbersome, clumsy and time consuming methods of estimating
      physiological cost.

PMID- 6445463
TI  - Speech recognition and control system for the severely disabled.
AB  - The availability of microprocessors opens many applications for speech
      recognition systems where constraints on price, weight, volume and power
      consumption are imposed, such as in the case of a voice control system for the
      severely disabled. A microprocessor based speech recognition system for the voice
      control of wheelchair, touch-tone phone, typewriter and environmental control
      unit, is described. The finite word length, fixed point arithmetics and
      relatively slow execution time of the microprocessor introduce several
      difficulties in the implementation of the recognition process. Algorithms for
      feature extraction (mainly the autoregressive, or linear prediction
      coefficients), classification and training are presented. The hierarchical memory
      organization is discussed. Results with the ten digit set, used to activate a
      touch-tone phone, are given. With this set the system exhibits less than one
      percent substitutions and eleven percent rejections.

PMID- 6445464
TI  - Platelet serotonin changes in dogs with prosthetic aortic grafts.

PMID- 6445465
TI  - Disability insurance for alcoholics.

PMID- 6445466
TI  - Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for cancer of the liver.
AB  - Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) provides objective palliation for
      unresectable primary and secondary liver neoplasms. By utilizing HAIC rather than
      systemic chemotherapy, a greater concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent(s)
      within the liver is achieved with a comparative decrease in toxic side effects. A
      review of pertinent literature disclosed response rates of 50-71% associated with
      the administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FUDR)
      via the hepatic artery, whereas response rates of 0-25% have been tabulated for
      systemic chemotherapy.

PMID- 6445467
TI  - The effect of dopamine on the pupillary diameter in mice.

PMID- 6445468
TI  - Potentiation by supernatant of Ca2+ uptake in rabbit aortic microsomes: effect of
      pretreatment of animals with reserpine.

PMID- 6445469
TI  - [Occupational dermatitis in workers of the building materials' factory].
AB  - 159 workers of the Building Units Factory have been subject to dermatological
      examinations. The oil acne was the most common occupational dermatosis found.
      About 76% (61%--92%) of workers developed this type of dermatosis. The prevalence
      of acne was found to be associated with the workplace exposing the workers to
      antiadhesic oil--separbet. This high rate of dermatoses resulted from
      considerable acnogenic properties of oil, lack of prophylaxis and unsatisfactory
      sanitary conditions in the factory. for 3 workers afflicted with contact eczema
      tests with the standard set and separbet were prepared. In two cases (1.2%)
      positive reactions to potassium bichromate proved occupational origin of eczema.
      26 persons (16.3%) developed interdigital mycosis of feet, 8 (5%)--onychomycosis.
      Other dermatoses occurred in single cases.

PMID- 6445470
TI  - Bacteriophage lambda repressor and cro protein: interactions with operator DNA.

PMID- 6445471
TI  - Determination of nicotinamide.

PMID- 6445472
TI  - Method of induction of cardiac L-ornithine decarboxylase by nicotinamide.

PMID- 6445473
TI  - Isolation and analysis of pyridine nucleotides and related compounds by liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6445474
TI  - Riboflavin alpha-glucoside-synthesizing enzyme from pig liver.

PMID- 6445475
TI  - Fluorometric quantitation of picomole amounts of 1-methylnicotinamide and
      nicotinamide in serum.

PMID- 6445476
TI  - Pteroylpolyglutamate synthase assay.

PMID- 6445477
TI  - Environmental dermatitis: changing patterns.
AB  - Patch tests in 1000 cases of contact allergic dermatitis observed between 1972
      and 1978 are recorded in detail, and compared in general with patch tests in a
      previously recorded 1000 cases of contact allergic dermatitis between 1964 adn
      1972. The routine use, since 1974, of patch tests as advised by the International
      Contact Dermatitis Research Group has increased the detection of dermatitis
      caused by nickel, paraphenylene-diamine and related dyes, formaldehyde and
      perfumes (balsam of Peru), which indicates that aimed patch tests alone may be
      inadequate. The number of cases of dermatitis caused by antifungal agents and
      topical antihistamines decreased after Commonwealth and State legislation
      prohibiting their use was passed.

PMID- 6445478
TI  - Factors affecting the age at onset of Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6445479
TI  - [Annual and seasonal changes in the level of DDT sensitivity of the main malarial
      vector in the Azerbaijan SSR, Anopheles sacharovi (Favre)].

PMID- 6445480
TI  - [Method of determining the actual fertility of female blood-sucking mosquitoes
      with the example of Aedes vexans Meigen (Diptera, Culicidae)].

PMID- 6445481
TI  - [Breeding of Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. and Culex pipiens pipiens L.
      mosquitoes in Samarkand basements].

PMID- 6445482
TI  - [Summer hatching of mosquito larvae of the monocyclic Aedes species of the
      communis and cantans group].

PMID- 6445483
TI  - [Formation of a mass mosquito breeding focus in the Arnasay depression of the
      Uzbek SSR. II. The seasonal course of the population and the biological and
      ecological problems of adult Anopheles pulcherrimus mosquitoes].

PMID- 6445484
TI  - [Biting characteristics of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) on man and their
      epidemiological significance].

PMID- 6445485
TI  - [Change in the population density and species makeup of sandflies (Phlebotomidae)
      as a result of eradication of the great gerbils in zoontoic cutaneous
      leishmaniasis foci in the Karshi Steppe].

PMID- 6445486
TI  - [Species potential fertility of blood-sucking biting midges of the genus
      Culicoides and its regulation].

PMID- 6445487
TI  - [History of Gambusia importation into the USSR (on the centenary of the birth of
      N. P. Rukhadze)].

PMID- 6445488
TI  - Angioarchitectonics, an argument for ascribing the attribute of "organ" to the
      yellow bone marrow.
AB  - Based upon literature data, the authors set up a theory asserting that the yellow
      bone marrow has the character of an "organ", as revealed by a series of
      structural and reactive features of its angioarchitectonics. The diaphyseal bone
      marrow has a well-defined anatomic hilus; at the place where the nutritive artery
      penetrates into the marrow, a sphincteric apparatus may be observed; the main
      arteries follow a spiral path closely related to the central venous sinus, they
      divide dichotomically and put forth on their way special vascular apparatuses
      which seem to regulate the intramedullary circulatory output. The terminal
      arterial ramifications form a segmental structure, while the blood is drained by
      the central venous sinus corresponding to the hilar veins of the solid organs.
      The vascular network of the bone marrow has a remarkable potential for
      regeneration, being capable of full reproduction after mechanical destruction.

PMID- 6445489
TI  - Researches on the formation of axial organs in the chick embryo. X. Further
      investigations on the role of ecto- and endoderm in somitogenesis.
AB  - In continuation of previous experiments, recent results concerning the
      determinism of somitogenesis are reported. By means of two experimental devices
      on explanted chick embryos the influence upon mesoderm segmentation of the early
      removal of ectoderm (neural plate)--before and during the formation of the first
      somite pairs--and removal of endo- and ectoderm after 36-40 hours of incubation
      was investigated. Up to date results attest that during the shaping of the first
      somites no essential epigenetic interrelations between overlying ectoderm (neural
      plate) and paraxial mesoderm are necessary for segmentation. Just before the
      onset of segmentation a labile determination seems to be present in the
      presumptive somitogenic mesoderm. As to the later role of endo- and ectoderm in
      segmentation, present results reveal a relative independence of the segmentation
      process. The absence of the above-mentioned layers does not prevent further
      segmentation but induces a progressive slowing down of the process.

PMID- 6445490
TI  - Relationships between specialized cells, capillaries and intermediary
      cytofibrillary elements. XIIth note. Biological evolution of the respiratory
      stereotype and subsystem in invertebrates.
AB  - This note presents the respiratory stereotype and subsystem in invertebrates,
      developing the previous notes on the emunctory stereotype and subsystem (Xth and
      XIth notes). As in the previous ones, Cannon's homeostasis conception and
      Bertlanffy's theory of systems were corroborated with Needham's theory of
      internal laws and of limits of organizational biological levels, and with the
      author's theory of biological stereotypes (Marza, Repciuc, Eskenasy, 1962). Four
      links of the respiratory stereotype (Rsp. Stp.) and subsystem (Rsp. SS) were
      distinguished. The respiratory subsystem was differentiated when, in triblastic
      animals, the organizational level of higher worms and of their offsprings was
      reached. The four links of the Rsp. Stp. are: the Ist link is represented by the
      oxidoreduction processes of tissue and organ cells; the IInd is the internal
      conveying link of O2 and CO2; the IIIrd comprises the osmotic surfaces changes
      and the transport of gases inwards the branchiae or lungs, and later by the water
      (respectively air)--blood barrier; the IVth link is formed from the structures
      and mechanisms of rhythmic movements which significantly increase the exchanges
      at the barrier level. Each link has its specific properties. The gradual
      evolution of each link and of the vicarious organs of gas exchange is dwelt upon,
      as well as the interactions between the respiratory subsystem and the other
      homeostasis subsystems. The theoretical interpretation of the Rsp. Stp. and Rsp.
      SS evolution also resorted to the theories of stabilizing selection
      (Schmalhausen, 1949), of canalizing selection (Waddington, 1975 and of disruptive
      selection (Simpson, 1953; Mayr, 1970).

PMID- 6445491
TI  - Histoenzymological and biochemical changes in the liver of adult female rats and
      of youngs born from Madiol-treated pregnant rats.
AB  - The effect of a 30-day treatment with Madiol was studied on the activity of some
      enzymes, nucleic acids, protein and glycogen content of the liver of adult female
      rats and youngs born from mothers treated during pregnancy. Madiol caused a
      significant increase in SDH and Atp-ase activity, and decreased glycogen and acid
      phosphatase.

PMID- 6445492
TI  - Gastrin cells in stomach and duodenal ulcers.
AB  - By means of cytochemical and electron microscopy methods, the behavior of gastrin
      cells in ulcers of the stomach and duodenum were investigated. The study was
      performed on specimens of surgical resection from stomach and duodenal ulcers
      with gastric normacidity. The results point out a significant decrease of gastrin
      cells in stomach ulcers in comparison with the duodenal ones. These findings in
      stomach ulcers were attributed to the high intensity of gastritis lesions,
      histopathologically evidenced. Electron microscopy revealed that gastrin cells
      were loaded with secretion granules presenting suggestive images of synthesis
      activity.

PMID- 6445493
TI  - [Morphological changes of the Shwartzman type in endotoxic shock after abortion].

PMID- 6445494
TI  - [Reactional lesions of the gingiva caused by chronic exposure to lead].

PMID- 6445495
TI  - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia.
AB  - A case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in a 43-year-old woman is reported.
      Following a clinical evolution of two years, not influenced by the treatment
      applied, a pulmonary biopsy puncture was performed to determine the diagnosis.
      The histological examination furnished evidence of diffuse interstitial
      infiltration with adult lymphocytes and perivascular, juxtavascular and
      juxtabronchic cellular cuffs and nodules. Another fragment revealed large
      lymphoid nodules including reorganized pulmonary structures. Various aspects
      concerning the differential diagnosis of this pulmonary disease are discussed.

PMID- 6445496
TI  - Mechanisms of lung tissue restructuration. A structural analysis of experimental
      and human materials.
AB  - Lung tissue restructuration is one of the most important components of chronic
      pneumopathies. Comparison of experimental and human data regarding the dynamic
      evolution of variously induced chronic lung processes pointed out as main
      mechanisms the bronchial and bronchiolar obstructions, the viral and fungal
      pneumonitic processes, the parenchymatous suppurative processes, the
      granulomatous organization of cellular reactions, the interlobular cell
      accumulations, the hypersensitivity reactions, and the lesions of small vessels.
      Mostly acting in association, these dynamic conditions determine the fibroplastic
      transformation of lesions, the exclusion of unventilated areas, the destruction
      of respiratory surfaces, the clear predominance of connective tissue structures,
      sometimes with ossifications; some microcavities persist within restructuring
      areas, sometimes delimited by alveolar or bronchiolar epithelia. The honeycomb
      lung is one of the evolutive possibilities of this restructuration of damaged
      tissues during chronic lung diseases.

PMID- 6445497
TI  - Influence of experimental hypothyroidism on the development of metastases in
      rats.
AB  - The influence of experimental hypothyroidism induced by a synthetic antithyroid
      drug, methylthiouracil, upon the development of metastases was studied on male
      Wistar rats, inoculated intravenously with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells. The
      experimental results reveal obvious differences between the control group and the
      group previously treated with methylthiouracil, concerning the incidence, latent
      period, localization and tumor extension. Hypothyroidism promoted metastasis,
      increasing significantly the metastatic incidence (88% against 62% in controls),
      shortening the latent period and extending the localization of tumor metastases
      to unusual sites, such as liver and spinal column.

PMID- 6445498
TI  - Acid phosphatase activity of RHS in rats stimulated with pneumococci suspensions
      by respiratory and intramuscular ways.
AB  - Young albino rats stimulated by respiratory and parenteral ways with living
      pneumococci and respectively emulsion of killed germs in complete Freund adjuvant
      present an enhanced acid phosphatase activity of histiocytes in lung, liver,
      spleen and lymph nodes, correlated with hyperplasia of the intensely reactive
      cells, signifying an increased phagocytic capacity of RHS. The difference between
      the experimental groups, mainly quantitative, are conditioned by the nature of
      the antigenic material.

PMID- 6445499
TI  - Hematologic and histologic experimental investigations on the therapeutic effect
      of leukotrophin.
AB  - The paper aims at evidencing the stimulating effect on hematopoietic stem cells
      exerted by the thymus extract "Leukotrophin", prepared by Ellem Laboratory,
      Milan, Italy. Investigation of the hematologic and histologic parameters allowed
      the follow up of alterations occurring in bone marrow, blood and tissues of the
      irradiated animals, treated and untreated as compared with the unirradiated and
      untreated controls. Regeneration was more active in the groups of animals
      irradiated and treated with Leukotrophin than in the irradiated and untreated
      controls. A maximal regeneration of the myeloid series, prevalently of the
      erythrocytic line, was found 9 days after irradiation.

PMID- 6445500
TI  - Influence of thymic humoral factor(s) on haemopoiesis in mice.
AB  - Postirradiation administration of Leukotrophin to whole-body irradiated mice was
      associated with increased LD50/30 and DRF. As indicated by 59Fe uptake and ESC
      number, haemopoiesis was significantly stimulated in spleen and bone marrow after
      Leukotrophin application to irradiated mice. DNA content and the uptake of 3H
      thymidine in DNA was significantly enhanced in the thymus and bone marrow of
      irradiated and Leukotrophin-treated mice. The micronucleus test confirmed that
      Leukotrophin is a therapeutic agents, while administered before irradiation it
      does not influence the initial radio-lesions.

PMID- 6445501
TI  - [Echography, laparoscopy and histology in diffuse liver diseases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The incidence of error of echography (21.0%), laparoscopy (15.0%) and histology
      (17.4% was investigated in 504 cases of diffuse liver disease. In the assessment
      of fatty liver, acute fatty liver, fatty cirrhosis and fibroses the accuracy of
      echography was comparable to that of laparoscopy and histology. A prerequisite
      for this is that the assessment of the spleen is given particular attention
      during the diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases. The assessment of diffuse liver
      diseases demands a high degree of training of the echography diagnostician.

PMID- 6445502
TI  - Effects of pH on the mutagenicity of sodium azide in Neurospora crassa and
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Sodium azide at various pH values did not cause a significant increase in the
      frequency of forward mutation above the control frequency at the adenine-3 (ad-3)
      region in resting conidia and in conidia from growing cultures of heterokaryons
      12 and 59 of Neurospora crassa. Conidia from ad-3 mutants were plated with sodium
      azide at various pH values, and no obvious increase in reverse mutation above the
      controls was observed. Data are presented showing that sodium azide at pH 3 is
      inactivating conidia by interacting with the cytoplasma rather than the nucleus,
      and this may be the primary reasons that no mutation at the ad-3 region was
      detected. The dependence of sodium azide mutagenicity on pH was investigated in
      histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium using a suspension test.
      There were no significant differences in the reversion frequencies among the pH
      values (3-8) tested. Thus, no pH dependence is associated with sodium azide
      mutagenicity, nor are growth and/or DNA replication required for mutagenicity by
      sodium azide, in S. typhimurium.

PMID- 6445503
TI  - Biochemistry of muscle membranes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as in other genetic diseases, there must be a
      biochemical abnormality. This fundamental genetic fault has not been identified,
      but several indirect lines of evidence suggest that the surface membranes of
      skeletal muscle are affected. The biochemical evidence implies abnormal egress of
      soluble enzymes and other proteins from muscle, abnormal permeability, and
      altered properties of membrane-bound enzymes. As a result of the presumed genetic
      abnormality, functional properties are altered, and impaired regulation of
      intracellular calcium content could be responsible for the hallmarks of the
      disease--progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle. The evidence is by no
      means conclusive, however, and some of it is contradictory. Technical advances
      must be made before isolated membranes can be characterized biochemically. Other
      theories are also being evaluated.

PMID- 6445504
TI  - Actomyosin ATPase. I. Quantitative measurement of activity in cryostat sections.
AB  - A method for the quantitative study of the actomyosin ATPase activity (Ca,MG
      ATPase) in thin sections cut in a cryostat is presented. This method is based on
      the liberation of 32P from [gamma 32P]ATP or 45Ca phosphate precipitation. The
      advantage of this method lies in the requirement for only a small muscle sample
      and the availability of serially cut sections for other assays including Ca
      uptake by sarcoplasmic retciulum and histochemical tests for oxidative and
      glycolytic enzymes. The actomyosin ATPase activity for various types of muscles
      determined by this method showed the same sequence found in isolated protein,
      that is, fast-twitch skeletal greater than slow-twitch skeletal greater than
      cardiac. The Ca,Mg-ATPase of cryostat sections showed Ca sensitivity. The fact
      that the sections retained Ca sensitivity at 37 degrees C, in contrast to
      myofibrils, which have been reported to lose Ca sensitivity at this temperature,
      indicates that the structural integrity of the contractile and regulatory
      apparatus is preserved to a higher degree in sections than in isolated
      myofibrils.

PMID- 6445505
TI  - Bilateral pneumothorax after acupuncture.

PMID- 6445506
TI  - Topical therapy for acne.

PMID- 6445507
TI  - A genetic defect of the C1q subcomponent of complement associated with childhood
      (immune complex) nephritis.

PMID- 6445508
TI  - Inverted terminal repetition in vaccinia virus DNA encodes early mRNAs.
AB  - Vaccinia virus DNA contains a long inverted terminal repetition of MW
      approximately 6.8 x 10(6). A fragment of MW 6.3 X 10(6) from this repetition has
      been cloned in coliphage lambda and used to isolate RNA from virus-infected
      cells. Electron microscopy indicates that early RNAs are transcribed from the
      repeated sequence and cell-free translation shows that the RNAs code for
      polypeptides.

PMID- 6445509
TI  - Sequence analysis of mutations that prevent export of lambda receptor, an
      Escherichia coli outer membrane protein.
AB  - The amino-terminal signal sequence is required for initiation of transmembrane
      protein transfer of the Escherichia coli lambda receptor protein. Mutations
      leading to insertion of charged amino acids into or deletion of amino acids from
      the hydrophobic segment of this sequence prevent export of this outer membrane
      protein.

PMID- 6445510
TI  - [Perioral dermatitis and other skin disorders following local application of
      fluoridated corticosteroids].

PMID- 6445511
TI  - [Waiting for events with a known probability].

PMID- 6445512
TI  - Lipid metabolism of developing central nervous tissues in organotypic cultures.
      III. Ganglionic control of glycerolipids and fatty acids in cortex grey matter.
AB  - Lipid changes in rat brain grey matter were observed in a coculture system of
      innervating and target explants. The de novo biosynthesis of individual
      glycerolipids and the metabolism of fatty acids were investigated. Innervating
      grey matter cultures exhibited a substantial increase in neutral glycerolipid
      formation. Only slight modifications were observed in the fatty acid fraction.
      Target cells responded to innervation by a marked increase in
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine
      formation. In addition, the biosynthesis of arachidonate and docosahexaenoate was
      drastically enhanced. It is shown that neuritic bridges connecting the explants,
      rather than soluble factors, account for the effects observed. Putative
      mechanisms involved in changes of lipid metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 6445513
TI  - [Case of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy].
AB  - A 52-year-old female patient is reported in whom after taking of about 20 g
      Clioquinol blindness and paralysis of extremities with urinary incontinence
      developed. Complete cure ensued.

PMID- 6445514
TI  - [Genetic counseling in neurosurgical diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445515
TI  - [The cognitive and affective development of the handicapped child: research
      perspective].

PMID- 6445516
TI  - [The construction of projected space: a comparative study among normal children
      and those with a motor handicap (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445517
TI  - [The representation of a topographic scheme. A comparative study of normal
      children and children with a motor handicap (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445518
TI  - [Use of a multiple classification test in deaf children, children with a motor
      handicap and non-handicapped children (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445519
TI  - Motor nerve terminals of cat nuclear chain fibers studied by the cholinesterase
      technique.

PMID- 6445520
TI  - [Voluminous hemorrhagic cyst of the abdominal wall].
AB  - A case of great bleeding cyst formation in the abdominal wall is presented. Some
      aspects of differential diagnosis are discussed and the technique used to close
      the resultant hole in the intestinal wall after removing the cyst. The particular
      technical method they used permitted the reconstruction without using artificial
      materials.

PMID- 6445521
TI  - [An unusual case of voluminous preperitoneal lipoma].

PMID- 6445522
TI  - [Morphohistochemical aspects of post-phlebitic ulcers of the lower extremities in
      treatment with electroacupuncture].

PMID- 6445523
TI  - [Telethermography of the soles of the feet. Theory in relation to muscle tension
      of the back].
AB  - The Authors take into consideration the telethermography of the soles of the feet
      in fifty-four patients suffering from troubles of the rachis and document the
      thermic asymmetries of the foot at rest: a static and dynamic load. We can find
      the above mentioned asymmetries also in patients with normal feet and traditional
      and normal podographies. If we assume a reflex arch parting from the
      propioceptors of the muscles of the plantar arch, we can make a type of sole that
      applied to the patients, normalize the muscular tensions of the back. We
      illustrate two cases treated with different methods but that have given good
      results both subjectively and objectively.

PMID- 6445524
TI  - [Attempted direct etiological treatment of Huntington's chorea. Case reports].
AB  - The Authors, referring to the actual biochemical hypotheses of the Chorea of
      Huntington and on the new prospects of treatment, report the experimental data
      relative to some therapeutic attempt on patients suffering from this disease. In
      two cases has been tested Bromocriptine, in three cases Bromocriptine with l
      dopa, in three cases Piribedil with l-dopa, in four cases Haloperidol with l
      dopa. Positive results of temporary term are obtained only with the association
      Piribedil plus l-dopa and in one case with the association Haloperidol plus l
      dopa. The results are considered insufficient for assuming significance of
      clinical proposal.

PMID- 6445525
TI  - [The effect of methergoline and of a synthetic estrogen on plasmatic prolactin
      levels and on postpartum lactation].

PMID- 6445526
TI  - Rehabilitation of the emotionally handicapped.

PMID- 6445527
TI  - A toothbrushing programme in a school for the intellectually handicapped.

PMID- 6445528
TI  - Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - Epidemiologic factors important in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are
      the pathogenic organisms Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, less
      pathogenic mycoplasma, and endogenous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Other risk
      factors for PID include the number of sexual partners, previous PID, previous
      gonorrhea, and male gonorrhea. The patient's age, IUD use, and social factors may
      be dependent variables for the development of PID. The diagnosis is often
      difficult to establish; practical diagnostic methods include a careful history
      and physical examination, laboratory tests (particularly a cervical Gram stain),
      culdocentesis, and examination of the male. Laparoscopy should be used when the
      diagnosis is unclear.

PMID- 6445529
TI  - Increasing the chances for a compensation claim.

PMID- 6445530
TI  - Employee education: an ounce of prevention....

PMID- 6445531
TI  - [The prune belly syndrome].
AB  - On the basis of a specific case and of references, the problems concerning the
      symptoms, diagnoses and the therapy of the Prune-Belly syndrome are presented.
      The importance of a urodynamic check-up prior to surgical measures is underlined.
      Due to the many combinations of malfunctions and the lack of sexual
      specification, it seems preferable to consider mesenchymal dysplasia as the focal
      point of interest rather than the abdominal muscle defecite--uromalformation-
      kryptorchism--triad. In view of the high chances of infection, a conservative
      approach seems advisable, although the possibilities of active measures with due
      consideration of certain urodynamic parameters are also presented.

PMID- 6445532
TI  - [Variations in the number of metacercariae in the daughter sporocysts of
      Microphallus pygmaeus (Trematoda: Microphallidae)].
AB  - The daughter sporocystes of Microphallus pygmaeus from the snails of Littorina
      saxatilis and L. obtusata were investigated. The average quantity of
      metacercariae in sporocysts is influenced by host species, its syze and by the
      season. There are differences in the average number of larvae from parthenites of
      L. saxatilis, collected in the Barents and White seas.

PMID- 6445533
TI  - [Parasitic contacts between the great, red-tailed and midday gerbils in the Muyun
      Kum].
AB  - Interspecies epizootic parasitic contacts between rodents, bearers of plague in
      Mujunkums, have been studied. Rhombomys opimus, Meriones meridianus and M.
      libicus were marked with different radioactive isotopes. A bilataral exchange
      with fleas between great gerbils and rodents of the genus Meriones has been
      established. The exchange proceeded in the direction from rodents of the genus
      Meriones to great gerbils. Theoretically each rodent of Meriones meridianus and
      M. libicus fallen ill with plague can transmit within 24 hours one "blocked" flea
      to a great gerbil. In autumn three of ten animals take part in such transmission.

PMID- 6445534
TI  - [Main traits of the annual cycles of the fleas (Aphaniptera) of the mountain
      suslik in the Baksan River valley].
AB  - Data are given on the fleas of Citellus musicus from Central Caucasus. Ecological
      peculiarities of fleas from the above region were compared with data known for
      fleas from plain Precaucasus. Differences between annual cycles of fleas of the
      same species from two altitude belts of the Baksan valley are considered.
      Epizootological significance of ecological peculiarities of fleas in the Baksan
      plague nidus is discussed.

PMID- 6445535
TI  - [New species of infusoria, Apiosoma baninae sp. n. (Ciliata, Epistylidae), from
      fishes in the Kura River].

PMID- 6445536
TI  - [1st finding of the fungus, Coelomycidium simulii, in blackfly pupae and
      imagoes].

PMID- 6445537
TI  - Nutritional concerns during adolescence.
AB  - Adolescent food habits often run counter to the special nutritional needs of this
      age group. Suggestions for nutrient supplements are offered, with particular
      emphasis on fulfilling the unique needs of the obese, athletic, or pregnant
      teenager.

PMID- 6445538
TI  - Decreased repair of x-ray induced DNA single-strand breaks in lymphocytes in
      Down's syndrome.
AB  - Gamma-ray irradiation introduces single and/or double strand breaks into the DNA
      molecule of the cells. In the case of mammalian cells, these breaks are being
      repaired in general during the first hr following exposure to ionizing radiation.
      The article reports on the results obtained from testing the ability of cultured
      lymphocytes from patients with Down's syndrome to repair radiation-induced DNA
      single-strand breaks. The ability to repair was deduced from the study of the DNA
      sedimentation profiles in alkaline sucrose gradients. It was found that
      lymphocytes from Down's syndrome patients are less efficient in repairing single
      strand DNA breaks than are lymphocytes from normal individuals. This
      significantly increased fraction of unrepaired DNA strand breaks might be
      associated with the unusually high level of radiation-induced chromosome
      aberrations as compared with normals.

PMID- 6445539
TI  - [Balneological reaction and its significance in the sanatorium-health resort
      treatment of children].

PMID- 6445540
TI  - [Characteristics of nosocomial salmonellosis in children].

PMID- 6445541
TI  - [Functional state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in children with
      hereditary diseases and congenital defects of development].

PMID- 6445542
TI  - [Organization of the staged treatment of biliary system diseases in children in a
      district pediatric hospital].

PMID- 6445543
TI  - [New instrument to pass drain through the abdominal or thoracic wall].

PMID- 6445544
TI  - Health visiting care study: Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6445545
TI  - Holiday of a lifetime.

PMID- 6445546
TI  - Painting without hands.

PMID- 6445547
TI  - Should handicapped people be allowed to attend nursing school?

PMID- 6445548
TI  - Current status of acne treatment.

PMID- 6445549
TI  - [Vasilii Gavrilovich Baranov (on his 80th birthday)].

PMID- 6445550
TI  - [Frequency and time periods of the reactivation process in persons who have had
      active pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6445551
TI  - [M. avium infectivity in the personnel of poultry plants in Gorki Province].

PMID- 6445552
TI  - [Epidemiological significance of the primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6445553
TI  - [Clinical picture and treatment effectiveness in pulmonary tuberculosis in the
      workers of "dusty" occupations].

PMID- 6445554
TI  - Membrane lipid physical state and modulation of the Na+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in
      Acholeplasma laidlawii B.
AB  - Careful analysis of the Arrhenius plot of the Na+,Mg2+-ATPase (ATP
      pyrophosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.8) activity in Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes
      of varying fatty acid composition has been combined with differential thermal
      analysis of the membrane lipid phase transitions to evaluate the effects of
      membrane lipid properties on the enzyme activity. Our results indicate that the
      enzyme is active only in association with liquid-crystalline lipids, exhibiting a
      significant heat capacity of activation, delta Cp++, for the ATP hydrolytic
      reaction in this case. Quantitative analyses of Arrhenius plots for the enzyme
      activity in membranes whose lipids exhibit a gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase
      transition in the physiological temperature range suggest that the ATPase is
      inactivated when its boundary lipids undergo a phase transition that is driven by
      the bulk lipid phase transition but is less cooperative than the latter. Our
      results suggest that the familiar "biphasic linear" Arrhenius plots obtained for
      many membrane enzymes may in fact have a more complex shape, analysis of which
      can furnish useful information regarding the behavior of the enzyme molecule.

PMID- 6445555
TI  - Structural and functional analysis of cloned DNA containing genes responsible for
      branched-chain amino acid transport in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The four genes encoding the components of the high-affinity branched-chain amino
      acid transport systems in Escherichia coli (livH, livG, livJ, and livK) have been
      cloned into lambda phage and subsequently into the plasmid vector pACYC184. The
      presence of the four structural genes and their accompanying regulatory regions
      on the resultant plasmid, pOXI, was confirmed by genetic complementation and
      analysis and by transport studies carried out on the appropriate transformed
      mutant strains. When pOX1 DNA was used to direct an in vitro
      transcription/translation system, four major polypeptide products were produced.
      Immunoprecipitation with antibody directed against the LIV-binding protein
      identified the two leucine-binding proteins as products of in vitro synthesis.
      The binding proteins were produced in precursor forms and had molecular weights
      approximately 2500 higher than the processed, mature forms. A minicell-producing
      strain transformed with plasmid pOX1 produced the binding proteins in the
      processed form.

PMID- 6445556
TI  - Isolation of two closely related vitellogenin genes, including their flanking
      regions, from a Xenopus laevis gene library.
AB  - A gene library of Xenopus laevis was constructed from embryonic DNA partially
      digested with restriction endonucleases Hae III and Alu I and joined to the phage
      lambda Charon 4 cloning vector with EcoRI linkers. Nucleotide sequences from
      three of the four related vitellogenin genes have been isolated. Two of the genes
      (called A1 and A2) were isolated in their entirety together with long stretches
      of flanking sequences. These two closely related vitellogenin genes have lengths
      of about 21 and 16 kilobases, but both produce a vitellogenin mRNA of 6.3
      kilobases.

PMID- 6445557
TI  - Synthesis and maturation of lambda receptor in Escherichia coli K-12: in vivo and
      in vitro expression of gene lamB under lac promoter control.
AB  - The lambda receptor is an outer membrane protein from Escherichia coli K-12 lamB,
      its structural gene, is part of the maltose regulon. We have cloned this gene in
      a phage so that it is under the control of the lac promoter. The phage was
      devised in such a way that it can infect lamB mutants and that chromosomal lamB
      mutations can be transferred to it. In vivo, the lambda receptor is expressed
      under lac promoter control and is exported normally to the outer membrane,
      independently of the expression of the other genes of the maltose regulon. In
      vitro, DNA of the phage allows efficient synthesis of the lamB product. The
      protein--or pre-lambda-receptor--made in vitro contains an NH2-terminal sequence
      of about 25 amino acids not found in the lambda receptor. We have detected no
      inactivation of phage lambda by the pre-lambda-receptor. Conversion of the pre
      lambda-receptor to a form that has the apparent molecular weight of the mature
      lambda receptor was achieved. A lamB mutation that blocks export in vivo also
      blocks conversion in vitro.

PMID- 6445558
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of capacitation: albumin-mediated changes in plasma
      membrane lipids during in vitro incubation of rat sperm cells.
AB  - Plasma membrane isolated from rat sperm cells after incubation in vitro had a
      significantly lower cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio when the medium contained
      serum albumin. Transfer of albumin-bound phospholipids to the membrane can
      largely account for this effect. The result is broadly consistent with a
      previously proposed model for albumin-induced destabilization of sperm membrane
      (capacitation) and its reversal by seminal plasma membrane vesicles. Albumin also
      decreased sialic acid and, more specifically, ganglioside levels, presumably by
      promoting release of sperm neuraminidase. Cholesteryl ester comprised up to 0.5
      mol/mol of cholesterol in these plasma membrane preparations.

PMID- 6445559
TI  - Nucleic acid-specific suppressor T cells.
AB  - The concept of using cell-bound antigens as tolerogen was applied to nucleic
      acid. Nucleoside was linked directly to spleen cell suspensions. Intravenous
      administration of nucleoside coupled to isogeneic spleen cells into mice
      generated suppressor cells that diminished the formation of antibody-forming
      cells either to a T-dependent antigen in vivo or to a T-independent antigen in
      vitro. Suppressor cells were nucleoside specific, but the specificity of immune
      suppression seems to be somewhat broader than that of tolerance to a single
      nucleoside. The ability to raise nucleic acid-specific suppressor T cells may
      have implications for both the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 6445560
TI  - Functional characteristics of human T-cell subpopulations distinguished by a
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - In animals and in man, diverse immunologic functions are mediated by specialized
      T-cell (thymus-derived lymphocyte) subsets that are distinguishable from one
      another on the basis of differences in cell surface determinants. Unfortunately,
      in humans, subset-specific antibodies have been difficult to generate. In this
      study, production of a murine monoclonal antibody specific for a subset of human
      T cells was achieved by fusing a sensitized B cell (bone marrow-derived cell)
      with a myeloma cell and isolating the antibody secreted by the resultant hybrid
      clone. This antibody binds 30-35% of peripheral T lymphocytes (T(a) (+) cells)
      but fails to bind remaining T lymphocytes (T(a) (-) cells), B lymphocytes, or
      monocytes. T(a) (+) and T(a) (-) subpopulations were separated with a
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter and their in vitro responses to various
      stimuli were assessed. T(a) (+) and T(a) (-) cells respond equally well to
      soluble antigens, allogeneic B cells, and autologous B cells, but only T(a) (+)
      cells respond to concanavalin A. T(a) (+) cells cultured in the presence of
      concanavalin A gradually lose the T(a) marker, an effect not observed after
      stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, soluble antigens, or alloantigens. These
      results suggest that the functional subpopulation of T cells defined by T(a) does
      not correspond to any previously described human T cell subset. Furthermore,
      somatic cell hybridization has been shown to be a feasible method for production
      of monoclonal antibodies specific for subpopulations of human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6445561
TI  - Molecular cloning of unintegrated Moloney mouse sarcoma virus DNA in
      bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - The covalently closed circular forms of unintegrated viral DNA obtained from
      cells infected with Moloney mouse sarcoma virus was cloned in bacteriophage
      lambda. The viral DNA was cleaved with restriction endonuclease HindIII and
      inserted in the unique HindIII site of lambda Charon 21A DNA. Recombinant clones
      containing virus-reactive DNA sequences were analyzed by restriction endonuclease
      mapping, R-loop formation, and infectivity assays. Two of eight genome-length
      recombinant clones characterized contained the large terminal repeat. Only the
      recombinant clones containing the large terminal repeat were able to induce focus
      formation in uninfected mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 6445562
TI  - In vitro expression of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein genes: autogenous
      inhibition of translation.
AB  - Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L1 (0.5 micro M) was found to inhibit the
      synthesis of both proteins of the L11 operon, L11 and L1, but not the synthesis
      of other proteins directed by lambda rifd 18 DNA. Similarly, S4 (1 micro M)
      selectively inhibited the synthesis of three proteins of the alpha operon, S13,
      S11, and S4, directed by lambda spcI DNA or a restriction enzyme fragment
      obtained from this DNA. S8 (3.6 micro M) also showed preferential inhibitory
      effects on the synthesis of some proteins encoded in the spc operon, L24 and L5
      (and probably S14 and S8), directed by lambda spcl DNA or a restriction enzyme
      fragment carrying the genes for these proteins. The inhibitory effect of L1 was
      observed only with L1 and not with other proteins examined, including S4 and S8.
      Similarly, the effect of S4 was not observed with L1 or S8, and that of S8 was
      not seen with L1 or S4. Inhibition was shown to take place at the level of
      translation rather than transcription. Thus, at least some ribosomal proteins (L1
      S4, and S8) have the ability to cause selective translational inhibition of the
      synthesis of certain ribosomal proteins whose genes are in the same operon as
      their own. These results support the hypothesis that certain free ribosomal
      proteins not assembled into ribosomes act as "autogenous" feedback inhibitors to
      regulate the synthesis of ribosomal proteins.

PMID- 6445563
TI  - Roles of chromophore and apo-protein in neocarzinostatin action.
AB  - The methanol-extractable, nonprotein chromophore of the antitumor, protein
      antibiotic neocarzinostatin (NCS) has at least the full activity of the parent
      compound in inhibiting DNA synthesis and growth of HeLa cells and in causing DNA
      strand breaks in vivo and in vitro. In vitro DNA strand scission by the
      chromophore is markedly stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol and is inhibited by
      guanidine hydrochloride and alpha-tocopherol. By high-pressure liquid
      chromatography, this activity has been localized to fractions eluting at greater
      than 90% methanol and having fluorescence emission at 420 nm (excitation at 340
      nm). The apo-protein of NCS is inactive by itself but complexes with the
      chromophore so as to regulate its availability during the in vitro reaction. In
      DNA strand scission the chromophore acts rapidly at both 0 and 37 degrees C,
      whereas native and reconstituted NCS are inactive at 0 degrees C and slowly
      active at 37 degrees C. Complex formation with apo-NCS stabilizes the
      chromophore. Reconstitution of NCS (pI 3.3) from chromophore and apo-protein (pI
      3.2) was shown by both activity studies and isoelectric focusing on
      polyacrylamide gels. "Pre-NCS," the biosynthetic precursor of NCS, is identical
      to apo-NCS in amino acid composition, spectral properties, isoelectric focusing
      on polyacryl-amide gels, and ability to complex with isolated chromophore to form
      material with all the properties of native NCS.

PMID- 6445564
TI  - Bacteriophage lambda vehicle for the direct cloning of Escherichia coli promoter
      DNA sequences: feedback regulation of the rplJL-rpoBC operon.
AB  - A derivative of bacteriophage lambda, lambda 21, has been constructed and used
      for the cloning of Escherichia coli DNA fragments carrying promoters. Phage
      lambda 21 lacks the lac promoter operator and can accept DNA fragments up to 9.8
      kilobases in size at a unique HindIII restriction endonuclease site adjacent to
      lacZ. Recombinant phage that carry promoters are readily identified by their
      expression of lacZ. Lysogens of these phages in strains harboring a deletion of
      the chromosomal lac operon are capable of growth on lactose as sole carbon source
      and can be used to study some of the regulatory signals that act upon the cloned
      promoter. In principle, lambda 21 can be used to clone any promoter DNA sequence
      with HindIII termini. PJ, the primary promoter for the rplJL-rpoBC operon, and P
      beta, a weak promoter for rpoBC, have been cloned in lambda 21. Transcription of
      lacZ from PJ was found to be subjected to feedback control by ribosomal protein
      L10 and to a lesser extent by ribosomal protein L7/L12. This suggests a possible
      L10-binding site near PJ that regulates transcription from that promoter.
      Lysogens of the phage that carries P beta responded to two regulatory signals: a
      rho-sensitive termination site preceding rpoBC and induction of beta
      galactosidase synthesis by rifampicin. This suggests that P beta is a bona fide
      promoter for rpoBC.

PMID- 6445565
TI  - Evidence of RNA in D loops of intracellular lambda DNA.
AB  - If lambda DNA replication is blocked by mutation in any one of several genes
      essential for replication, intracellular lambda DNA often shows short three
      stranded regions called D loops. In this report we show that one arm of a D loop
      is an RNA . DNA hybrid, whereas the remaining arm is made up of single-stranded
      DNA. The RNA can be partially removed by RNase A and totally removed by RNase H.
      Also, D loops do not appear if infections are made in cells treated with
      rifampin, a potent inhibitor of transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
      Several genes associated with recombination, including the host recA gene, are
      not essential for D-loop formation.

PMID- 6445566
TI  - Rat strain differences in brain monoamine metabolism following para
      chlorophenylalanine treatment.
AB  - The effect of parachlorophenyllalanine (PCPA) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was
      studied in sham-operated and castrated rats of two different rat strain. PCPA was
      more effective in depressing the brain 5-HT levels in Wistar (W) rats than in
      Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

PMID- 6445567
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of anthraquinones in some pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 6445568
TI  - Influence of rhein on electrolyte and water transfer in the isolated rat colonic
      mucosa.

PMID- 6445569
TI  - Biomechanics of the lumbar intervertebral disk: a review.
AB  - This article reviews the literature on the biomechanics of the lumbar
      intervertebral disk according to: 1) disk structure and properties, 2)
      biomechanical principles and their application to the disk, 3) biomechanics and
      intradiskal pressures as they relate to posture, work, and exercise, and 4)
      prophylactic measures.

PMID- 6445570
TI  - [Studies on the role of testosterone in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris].

PMID- 6445571
TI  - [Blood serum testosterone concentration in women with acne vulgaris].

PMID- 6445572
TI  - [Use of metronidazole for the treatment of acne rosacea].

PMID- 6445573
TI  - [Effectiveness of vitamin A acid in acne].

PMID- 6445574
TI  - [Compensative value of the 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy on brain lesion
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445575
TI  - [Bi-valve nephrotomy under local hypothermia in the treatment of coraliform
      calculi].
AB  - A total of 138 patients with coraliform renal calculi have been operated over a
      period of 3 years. In 36 of them large bi-valve nephrotomy was necessary in view
      of removing the calculus. Surgery was performed under local hypothermia, and
      renal artery clamping. Indications, risks and results are discussed in the
      statistics presented.

PMID- 6445576
TI  - [Surgical treatment of obstructive colonic cancer].
AB  - A clinical study is presented, that was performed on a group of 81 patients
      hospitalized and operated as emergencies for occluding neoplasia of the colon
      between 1973 and 1976. As compared with the total number of patients operated for
      intestinal occlusion obstructive cancer of the colon represented an index of
      14,78%. An analysis is made of the frequency of the occurence by age groups, the
      time interval from the beginning of the intestinal occlusion until
      hospitalization, the incidence of colon neoplasmama in the various segments of
      the large bowel, the evolution stage of the obstructive cancer of the colon
      (according to Eukes), the duration of the treatment before surgery and the
      importance of this treatment in view of the intervention to be performed, the
      type of interventions depending on the general and the local conditions of the
      patients. It is stressed that cancer of the colon leading to obstruction has a
      severe prognosis, the postoperative death rate being of 19,75%. The therapeutic
      attitude was based on a well-directed strategy, in which the elements of the pre
      , intra- and postoperative treatment were of particular importance in view of the
      continuous improvement of the prognosis of this affection. The percentage of
      colon resections with extirpation of the tumour was 50,6, while radical colic
      resection was performed in only 28,40% of the patients.

PMID- 6445577
TI  - [Suppurated acute obstructive cholangitis. Anatomoclinical and therapeutic
      aspects].
AB  - A total of 134 cases are discussed, with suppurated acute obstructive
      angiocholitis, that underwent surgical treatment over a period of 10 years,
      representing 12,8% of the total number of organic obstructions of the hepato
      choledocus. From the standpoint of the etiopathogenic mechanisms the
      angiocholitis was determined by biliary lithiasis in 59 cases, by sclerosis of
      the Oddi sphincter in 5 cases, by postoperative cicatriceal stenosis of the main
      biliary pathway in 2 cases, by hepatic hydatitosis in 16 cases, by Vater ampuloma
      in 10 cases by cancers of the main biliary pathway in 40 cases and by the
      congenital cyst of the choledocus in one case. The high frequency was noted, of
      the severe forms of ictero-uremigenic angiocholitis (representing 68 cases, or
      50,7% of the total, with a death rate of 34%). Medico-surgical treatment should
      be performed as early as possible, and it must be intensive, complex, and adapted
      to the anatomo-clinical forms. The authors performed evacuation choledocotomy
      with external draining in 22 cases (3 deaths), and choledoco-duodenal anastomosis
      in 46 cases (10 deaths), choledoco-jejunostomia in 3 cases, Oddi sphincterotomia
      in 12 cases (2 deaths) ampulectomia in 5 cases (2 deaths). Peripheral bilio
      hepatodigestive anastomoses were performed in 40 cases with 5 deaths.

PMID- 6445578
TI  - [Colonic localization of Crohn's disease following a recurrent pseudotumor of the
      abdominal wall (problems of pathogenesis and therapy)].
AB  - A pseudo-tumours of the abdominal wall is described, in the left hypochondrum and
      the left flank, that, recidivating after 5 years, invaded the splenic angle of
      the colon. The common histological characteristics were very clear and strongly
      suggested the presence of Crohn disease. The cellular elements found at the first
      intervention performed for the extirpation of the tumour in the abdominal wall,
      as well as at reintervention--consisting in the block resection of the
      recidivating tumour and of the segment of the colon involved (segmental
      colectomy)--represented by abundant plasmocytic infiltrates suggest the presence
      of an immune process. The problem raised is the possibility that the Crohn
      disease could be incriminated in both instances, since the immunological
      disturbances can be considered as clearly manifest.

PMID- 6445579
TI  - [Right varicocele].
AB  - The authors present two cases of varicoceles on the right side, and demonstrate
      that, excepting cases when it is symptomatic, this localisation is due to
      visceral or vascular malformation, especially involving the flowing of the right
      spermatic vein. The authors have demonstrated by urographic, phlebographic and
      arteriographic techniques the presence of vascular and renal anomalies that had
      led to the development of varicoceles on the right side. The presence of this
      type of varicoceles in the author's statistics is of 1/3270 (0,6%).

PMID- 6445580
TI  - [Gastric carcinoid].
AB  - A case is discussed, of gastric carcinoid revealed by haemorrhage in the upper
      digestive pathways, and solved by Pean-Billroth gastric resection. The patient
      was symptomless 3 years after surgery.

PMID- 6445581
TI  - [Calcified hepatic hydatid cyst migrating into the peritoneal cavity].

PMID- 6445582
TI  - [General surgical operations in patients with prior cardiac operations.
      Anesthetic and surgical risk].
AB  - The authors make an analysis of a group of 39 patients with cardiac interventions
      in their antecedents that later underwent general surgery. Of these 25 underwent
      planified surgery while 14 were operated as emergency cases. The surgery
      performed was of variable extension. Nine fatalities were recorded, representing
      23,09%. Evaluation of the anesthetic and surgical risk factors revealed their
      dependence both on the myocardial hemodynamic efficiency (as determined by the
      previous heart surgery), and on the second intervention, emergencies presenting
      with a potentially increased risk factor. The authors stress the necessity to
      adapt the attitude of the anesthetist, as well as the intensive care, to
      particularities of the patient, and those determined by the second intervention.

PMID- 6445583
TI  - [Preservation of the liver (accomplishment, difficulties and prospects)].
AB  - The low tolerance of the hepatic tissue to conservation in artificial conditions
      represents one of the major reasons limiting the application of hepatic
      transplantation in the clinic. An analysis is carried out of the factors which
      limit the duration of conservation of the potential graft, by alteration of its
      biological qualities. These include: ischaemic hypoxia, failure of devices
      presently used for conservation, spontaneous and progressive reduction of the
      perfusion flow of the hepatic tissue, insufficient coverage of the metabolic
      necessities of the organ and the incomplete depuration of the storage medium.
      Possible remedies are also discussed, in view of improving conservation
      parameters. The authors's studies can be included in this effort, since they are
      aimed at improving the perfusion flow of the isolated liver under the effect of
      streptokynase. Other studies are mentioned, concerned with simultaneous perfusion
      of the liver and the kidney in view of an efficient depuration of the storage
      environment.

PMID- 6445584
TI  - [Therapy of lithiasis of the main biliary passages].
AB  - On the basis of a total of 3692 surgical interventions performed on biliary
      pathways, of which 431 (11,6%) for lithiasis of the hepato-choledocus, the
      authors discuss the indications, the limitations and the results of surgical
      treatment in this affection. The postoperative death rate was 10,3% in the first
      10 years of the period during which these interventions have been performed and
      decreased to 5,5% in the last 10 years. The late results were good and very good
      in 85% of the cases. In view of the continuing decrease in the death rate after
      surgery, and for improving late results, the authors stress the necessity of
      early interventions in the lithiasis of main biliary pathways. They also stress
      the correct exploration of the hepato-choledocus in the course of all surgical
      intervention upon the biliary pathways.

PMID- 6445585
TI  - [Recurrent inguinal hernia in the adult].

PMID- 6445586
TI  - [Autoantibodies and immune complexes in immunopathology. Pathogenic effects and
      diagnostic value].

PMID- 6445587
TI  - Piperacillin: evaluation against inpatient and gentamicin-resistant bacteria.
AB  - When species-matched collections, each consisting of 128 bacterial strains, were
      compared, inpatient organisms were found to be significantly more resistant to
      piperacillin than outpatient organisms. A collection of 143 gentamicin-resistant
      gram-negative bacilli was significantly more resistant to piperacillin than a
      species-matched collection of gentamicin-sensitive organisms. Piperacillin
      resistance was transferred by conjugation from isolates of 8 different
      Enterobacteriaceae species to a recipient Escherichia coli strain. In each of 67
      mating experiments in which transfer of carbenicillin resistance by conjugation
      occurred, resistance to ticarcillin, azlocillin and piperacillin was also
      transferred. As in previous studies, piperacillin was found to be markedly more
      active against non-fastidious gram-negative bacilli than carbenicillin,
      ticarcillin or azlocillin. Nevertheless, piperacillin resistance, apparently
      plasmid mediated, was detected in multiple species.

PMID- 6445588
TI  - Types of disease and models for their genetic analysis.
AB  - The authors compare schizophrenia with several other diseases and discuss how a
      few simple models that have already been successfully applied in other cases
      could be used in the genetic analysis of schizophrenia and MAO activity. Among
      the diseases discussed are Huntington's disease, xanthomatosis, and diabetes. The
      authors recommend undertaking multivariate studies of monoamine oxidase, dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase, and other traits associated with schizophrenia in single, large
      pedigrees ascertained through schizophrenic probands.

PMID- 6445589
TI  - Intra-operative graft blood flow related to failure of femoro-popliteal bypass
      grafts.
AB  - The prognostic significance of intra-operative blood flow, as measured by
      electromagnetic flowmetry, was investigated in 127 limbs, which were operated on
      with a reversed femoropopliteal saphenous vein bypass graft because of
      symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery.
      Thromboses occurring in the first postoperative month are defined as early
      failures and thereafter as late failures. There were three early graft failures.
      The basal and augmented flow rates during pharmacological vasodilation of these
      grafts were less than half those of the grafts remaining patent. Eight additional
      late graft occlusions occurred. Whereas the basal blood flow of these grafts did
      not differ significantly from that of the grafts which remained patent, the
      maximal flow rate was significantly lower (p less than 0.05). The overall
      incidence of graft failure at basal and maximal flow rates of 100 ml/min or less
      and 150 ml/min or less, respectively, was 35%, while, at higher flow rates, this
      incidence was reduced to 5% (p less than 0.001). This study emphasizes that intra
      operative femoropopliteal vein graft flow provides prognostic indications of
      graft failure.

PMID- 6445590
TI  - [Public health achievements of Azerbaijan over the last 60 years and its
      developmental prospects].

PMID- 6445591
TI  - [Methodological approaches to creating a public health model of a rural
      district].

PMID- 6445592
TI  - [Organization of ambulatory polyclinic care for the rural population].

PMID- 6445593
TI  - [From the work experience of pulmonology offices].

PMID- 6445594
TI  - [Health education work in a small city].

PMID- 6445595
TI  - [People's Commissariat of Public Health of the RSFSR in the fight against child
      homelessness (1917--1935)].

PMID- 6445596
TI  - [Activities of the Leningrad women's departments on maternal and child welfare
      (1926--1929)].

PMID- 6445597
TI  - [Early use of heparin and thrombolytic drugs in thrombosis and embolism of
      different localization].

PMID- 6445598
TI  - [Lev Konstantinovich Bogush].

PMID- 6445599
TI  - [Treatment of strangulated hernias with the use of heparin-fibrinolysin-novocaine
      mixture].

PMID- 6445600
TI  - Combined neurogenic and vascular claudication.
AB  - Patients with pain or discomfort in the legs during exercise which is relieved by
      rest should not automatically be labelled as having intermittent claudication due
      to vascular insufficiency; the greatest imitator of this condition is
      radiculopathy associated with a narrow lumbar spinal canal. Problems involved in
      differentiating the neurogenic and vascular components in such cases are
      described on the basis of experience in the Department of Neurosurgery at Groote
      SChuur Hospital.

PMID- 6445601
TI  - Survey of disabled children under SSI program.
AB  - The Office of Research and Statistics, under a contract with Urban Systems
      Research and Engineering, Inc., performed a national personal survey of blind and
      disabled children receiving supplemental security income (SSI) benefits. The
      purpose of the survey was to provide descriptive characteristics of the children
      and their families as well as assess SSI's effect on them. The survey has
      provided the research community with some interesting results. Not all children
      in the program live in families. Almost 15 percent of the children surveyed were
      not living with their parents; many of them were in foster care families or group
      homes. SSI children live in low-income families. Almost two-thirds of them live
      in families with annual income (including the child's benefit) of less than
      $7,000. Not only are the children handicapped, but a sizable number of children
      are in households where another person is also disabled and/or receiving SSI
      payments. Three-fourths of the families have had exposure to the welfare systems.
      Many of them have received or are receiving benefits from one or more of the
      following programs-- AFDC, Medicaid, and food stamps. Many families report that
      they are satisfied with SSI because in many instances the amount of the benefit
      meets the needs of the child and the program is administered with few forms and
      by staff who treat them courteously. A summary of the survey report is presented
      in the article that follows.

PMID- 6445602
TI  - Vertebral North American blastomycosis.
AB  - A single case of back pain due to Blastomyces dermatitidis infection limited
      solely to the skeleton is reported with a discussion of the differential
      diagnosis. This rare disease must be differentiated from other destructive bone
      lesions such as tuberculosis or tumors because of the availability of effective
      treatment.

PMID- 6445603
TI  - Effect of splenectomy upon tumor growth: characterization of splenic tumor
      enhancing cells in vivo.
AB  - The effect of splenectomy upon neoplastic outgrowth was examined prior to and
      after implantation of methylcholanthrene-induced C3H/HeJ murine tumors.
      Splenectomy or sham operation performed 6 and 3 days prior to tumor inoculation
      significantly facilitated tumor growth compared to nonoperated, control mice.
      Operative procedures 12 days prior to tumor inoculation had no effect on tumor
      growth rate, suggesting that facilitated tumor growth was related to surgically
      induced, transient immunosuppression, rather than to the presence or absence of
      splenic tissue. On the other hand, 3 days after tumor inoculation, sham
      operations resulted in significant facilitation, but splenectomy yielded
      retardation of tumor growth. In local adoptive transfer assays, spleen cells from
      hosts bearing MCA-F tumors for 3 days nonspecifically facilitated the outgrowth
      of the antigenically noncrossreactive tumors MCA-F, MCA-D and MCA-C. These
      findings suggest that the spleen is a reservoir of suppressor cells during early
      stages of tumor growth, since the suppressor activity was not demonstrate 6 or 12
      days after tumor inoculation. The nonspecific splenic suppressor cells were
      radioresistant (700 rads), capable of phagocytizing carbonyl-iron and adherent to
      plastic dishes. These findings suggest that perioperative immunodepression
      resulting in facilitated tumor growth is due to transient nonspecific activation
      of splenic suppressor macrophages.

PMID- 6445604
TI  - Antithrombotic therapy for vascular prosthesis: an experimental model testing
      platelet inhibitory drugs.
AB  - Although Dacron vascular grafts are widely used, they are thrombogenic and rapid
      blood flow maintains patency. When blood flow is suboptimal, antithrombotic
      therapy may prevent early occlusion. We evaluated the effect of three platelet
      inhibitory drugs: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), dipyridamole (DPM), sulphinpyrazone
      (SPZ), and a combination of ASA plus DPM on platelet adherence to woven Dacron in
      an artificial circulation. Heparinized blood from 18 volunteers was divided
      equally for test and control circuits, and to the test each drug was added in
      therapeutic concentration. The experiment was repeated ex vivo using blood
      donated by six volunteers after each had taken, separately for 1 week: (1) no
      drug; (2) ASA, 300 mg, three times a day; (3) DPM, 100 mg, four times a day; (4)
      SPZ, 200 mg, four times a day; (5) ASA, 300 mg, plus DPM, 75 mg, combined, three
      times a day. Platelet count, adhesion and aggregation were measured during the 60
      minute perfusion, and scanning electron miscroscopy of the graft's luminal
      surface was performed. ASA was the most effective single agent, significantly
      impairing platelet function and reducing consumption of platelets by the graft.
      DPM reduced platelet adherence only in the ex vivo experiment, and its addition
      to ASA imparted no further influence. Sulphinpyrazone had little effect in either
      experiment. Antithrombotic therapy with ASA and DPM requires clinical evaluation.

PMID- 6445605
TI  - [Vitamins in the immune response].

PMID- 6445606
TI  - [Antithrombin III and its role in clinical pathology].

PMID- 6445607
TI  - Dose response of ipratropium assessed by two methods.

PMID- 6445608
TI  - The "lysometer": an automated device for the detection of fibrin dissolution, in
      vitro.

PMID- 6445609
TI  - Mutagenic activity of tetryl, a nitroaromatic explosive, in three microbial test
      systems.
AB  - The military explosive N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) is a direct
      acting mutagen in three microbial mutagenicity test systems at concentrations as
      low as 5 microgram/ml. In two of these systems (Neurospora crassa and Salmonella
      typhimurium) it caused base-pair substitution reversions. In the third
      (Saccharomyces cerevisiae D4) it caused mitotic gene conversions at two loci.
      Three nonaromatic explosives (PETN, RDX, HMX) did not exhibit mutagenic activity
      in the Ames Salmonella test. Further studies on tetryl seem indicated, as past
      and present human exposure may entail a health risk.

PMID- 6445610
TI  - [Bacteriophage and proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of odontogenic abscesses
      and phlegmons].

PMID- 6445611
TI  - Preparation of dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and progesterone antigens
      through 7-carboxymethyl derivatives: characteristics of the antisera to
      testosterone and progesterone.
AB  - Dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and progesterone 7-carboxymethyl derivatives
      were prepared: 7 alpha and 7 beta epimers were separated and coupled to bovine
      serum albumin. Preliminary studies of the antisera induced by these antigens
      showed that they have high affinity and good specificity.

PMID- 6445612
TI  - Oral tolerance.

PMID- 6445613
TI  - Effects of methylprednisolone on the in vitro generation of human secondary
      cytotoxic lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of methylprednisolone on the induction of secondary proliferative and
      cytotoxic lymphocytes in human mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) have been
      studied. Concentrations of methylprednisolone (MP) as low as 0.01 microgram/ml
      proved highly effective in inhibiting the generation of cytotoxic memory cells if
      the steroid was present during the first 5 days of the priming mixed lymphocyte
      culture. The generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes was also inhibited if the
      steroid was added along with the restimulating cells on day 10, although the
      degree of inhibition was not as great as that seen when steroids were added to
      the cultures at their initiation. Cultures containing 1 microgram of MP per ml
      during the priming phase required 10 times as many effector cells to achieve a
      comparable level of cytotoxicity compared to control cultures without steroids.
      Our results indicate that an important aspect of the immunosuppressive role of
      steroids is the prevention of the generation of specific memory cells following
      exposure to alloantigens.

PMID- 6445614
TI  - Abdominal and extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. Report of 21 cases.
AB  - Desmoid tumors are easily diagnosed when located within the muscles of the
      abdominal wall. On the contrary, extra-abdominal desmoids, because of their
      various sites and lack of pathognomonic signs, can be very difficult to diagnose.
      A review of 21 cases of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan confirms that
      these tumors primarily affect young, multiparous women and that even extra
      abdominal desmoids are prevalent in women. All patients were treated by radical
      surgery consisting of wide exicision in 18 cases, hemimandibulectomy in 1 case,
      and amputation of the lower limb in 2 cases. Radical surgery resulted in no
      recurrences in all cases but one. Our results are in contrast with the relatively
      high recurrence rates reported in the literature.

PMID- 6445615
TI  - [Skeletal muscle nuclear ATPase under denervation].
AB  - Denervation of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscle is shown to result after 18 and 72
      h in a decrease of Mg2+-, Ca2+-dependent and an increase of Mg+-dependent parts
      of nuclear ATPase activity, with the total level of the enzyme activity retained.
      7 days later the total ATPase activity of nuclei decreases as well as the expense
      of its EGTA-dependent part. These changes correlate with those in the nuclear Ca
      total content. Indirect electrostimulation of the denervated muscle increase both
      the 7g2+-, Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity and the Ca content in nuclei. Tenotomy
      for 18 h does not change these parameters.

PMID- 6445616
TI  - [Effect of anionic surfactants on some dehydrogenases and phosphofructokinase
      activities in loach embryos].
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), lactatedehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.38) and phosphofructokinase (EC
      2.7.1.11) activities in loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) embryos were determined
      after incubation of the latter in the media containing surfactants--alkyl benzol
      sulphonates NP-1, NP-3, RAS and secondary alkyl sulphate "Progress". The
      determined activities changed under the influence of the used surfactants.
      Minimal changes of the activities were observed in the media with sulphonol np-1,
      and maximal ones--with the "Progress" preparation. The dependence is revealed of
      the enzyme activities changes upon the surfactant concentration and the stage of
      the embryo development.

PMID- 6445617
TI  - [Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna), on the millennium of his birth].

PMID- 6445618
TI  - [Preoperative instrumental diagnosis of mechanical jaundice].

PMID- 6445619
TI  - [Specialized care for patients with an embolism of the main arteries].
AB  - The article analyzes results of the treatment of 54 patients with embolism of
      bifurcation of the aorta and large arteries of the extremities. Fourty five
      patients were operated upon, nine were treated conservatively. Two of the
      operated patients died. In conservative treatment three patients died. A
      specialized movable team of physicians-angiologists can shorten the preoperative
      period and improve the results of the treatment.

PMID- 6445620
TI  - [Use of the specialized Diama electronic computer in the diagnosis of acute
      diseases of the abdominal cavity organs].
AB  - A comparative analysis of the precision of a computer diagnosis and medical
      diagnosis was performed in 717 patients with acute pathology of organs of the
      abdominal cavity. It was established that the use of a computer makes the
      physician to perform a more exact examination of the patient. The computer
      diagnosis was half as exact again as the diagnosis of the physician of the
      casualty ward and three times as exact as the diagnosis made in the prehospital
      period.

PMID- 6445621
TI  - [Relapses in echinococcal disease].
AB  - The incidence of echinococcus disease recurrences after the surgical treatment
      equals 16,1% including 2,2% of true recurrences and 13,9% of pseudorecurrences.
      The cause of pseudorecurrences is an associated and primary-multiple injuries of
      organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, dissemination due to spontaneous
      rupture of cysts or an improper technique of the operation. Since
      pseudorecurrences are more frequent, prophylaxis of recurrences of echinococcus
      is completely dependent on the quality of preoperative examinations, wide
      revision of organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities and observation of the
      operation technique undertaken to prevent dissemination of the operation zone.

PMID- 6445622
TI  - Dictyocaulus infection in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus).
AB  - Post mortem examination of red deer calves on a deer farm situated on hill ground
      in north-east Scotland revealed infection by a lungworm morphologically similar
      to Dictyocaulus viviparus. Trials were conducted to monitor the natural
      development of D viviparus infection in red deer, to investigate the value of a
      commercial lungworm vaccine and to evaluate methods of treating clinical cases.
      The findings indicate that the syndrome may be less apparent in red deer than it
      is in cattle, protection might be gained by vaccination and that housing and
      medication provide useful therapy. The extent of clinical disease is likely to
      depend on the general health, bodily condition and nutritional status of the
      animals versus the weight of infection acquired from the pasture. However,
      various factors can affect both sides in this confrontation.

PMID- 6445623
TI  - [In the virgin territory].

PMID- 6445624
TI  - [So that calves might grow healthy].

PMID- 6445625
TI  - [Fighter of the Party (Petr Alekseevich Khrapov)].

PMID- 6445626
TI  - [Use of heat generators for heating and ventilating sheep pens].

PMID- 6445628
TI  - [Greatness of accomplishments].

PMID- 6445627
TI  - [Malignant tumors in dogs].

PMID- 6445629
TI  - [Zearalenone and its demonstration in forage grain and mixed feeds].

PMID- 6445630
TI  - [Phage type study of the staphylococci isolated from cows].

PMID- 6445631
TI  - [Toward exemplary shipments].

PMID- 6445632
TI  - [Hospital on a farm].

PMID- 6445633
TI  - [Decisive stage in overwintering].

PMID- 6445634
TI  - [Eradication of helminthiases on a swine breeding farm complex].

PMID- 6445635
TI  - [Experimental unit on a state farm].

PMID- 6445636
TI  - [Hemolytic toxicosis in sheep].

PMID- 6445637
TI  - [Obtaining SPF animals and birds in France].

PMID- 6445638
TI  - [Healthy herd is a guarantee of high productivity].

PMID- 6445639
TI  - [Important measures].

PMID- 6445640
TI  - [Medics of the Red Banner Ladoga Military Flotilla].

PMID- 6445641
TI  - [Effect of combined health resort and climatic treatment including training on a
      bicycle ergometer and therapeutic gymnastics on patients 5 to 12 months after
      having had a myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6445642
TI  - [Cardiovascular system reaction to Tskhaltubo mineral baths in hypertension
      patients with various types of hemodynamic disorders].

PMID- 6445643
TI  - [New apparatus for performing radon inhalations and air-radon baths at the
      Pyatigorsk health resort].

PMID- 6445644
TI  - [Experience in using electronic computers in improving sanatorium service].

PMID- 6445645
TI  - [Overall treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6445646
TI  - [Benz(a)pyrene content in the salt samples obtained from the borehole waters of
      the Krasnodar deposit].
AB  - Benz(a)pyrene content in the samples of salt obtained from water ground of the
      Krasnodar field was assayed by means of the spectral fluorescent method. The
      table salt "Extra" manufactured by the Slavyansk salt-works supplying the trade
      network (GOST 13830-68) served as control. 15 samples (60 reference standards)
      were examined. It was established that 3 of 5 tested samples obtained from
      purified concentrated brine of water ground of the Krasnodar field contained
      benz(a)pyrene in an amount of 0.0351 microgram/kg up to 0.16 microgram/kg.
      Benz(a)pyrene (0.104 microgram/kg) was detected in 1 of 4 tested samples of the
      salt "Extra". It is concluded that tested salt samples obtained from concentrated
      brine of water ground of the Krasnodar field contain an insignificant amount of
      benz(a)pyrene.

PMID- 6445647
TI  - [Optimization of the fatty acid makeup of the culinary fats in Central Asian
      national recipes].
AB  - A formulation for a mixture made of mutton fat and cotton seed oil containing
      20.2% of linolic and 36.5% of oleinic acid is given. The fat is stable in the
      culinary treatment, biologically value and may be used for preparation of
      national dishes.

PMID- 6445648
TI  - [Gumisol treatment of vibration disease].

PMID- 6445649
TI  - [Examination of a natural tularemia focus in the Crimea using a passive
      hemagglutination reaction system].

PMID- 6445650
TI  - [Echocardiography in hypertension].

PMID- 6445651
TI  - [Functional activity of nonspecific T-lymphocyte suppressors in health persons
      and in systemic lupus erythematosus patients].

PMID- 6445652
TI  - [Clinical electrocardiographic indices and catecholamine metabolism in the early
      and late periods after polychloropinene poisoning].

PMID- 6445653
TI  - Interest group highlights member: Sharon Meyer.

PMID- 6445654
TI  - The Down syndrome.

PMID- 6445655
TI  - Cardiomegaly and cyanosis on exercise--the diagnosis of Ebstein anomaly.

PMID- 6445656
TI  - [Substance of the work of the city district physician and therapist].

PMID- 6445657
TI  - [Effect of industrial and occupational factors on morbidity with temporary loss
      of work capacity].

PMID- 6445658
TI  - [Data on the incidence of extragenital diseases in patients with chronic
      inflammation of the female genitalia].

PMID- 6445659
TI  - [Adaptation of students from polar regions in the south].

PMID- 6445660
TI  - [Use of reliable information for program and goal planning].

PMID- 6445661
TI  - [Work organization of specialized centers for rendering medical care to the
      population in diseases of the circulatory organs].

PMID- 6445662
TI  - [In the Olympic year to new achievements in medical supervision and therapeutic
      physical exercise].

PMID- 6445663
TI  - [Attempt to raise the work quality of district physician therapists].

PMID- 6445664
TI  - [Status of reflexotherapy service in the RSFSR].

PMID- 6445665
TI  - [Planning emergency hospital surgical care for the adult population].

PMID- 6445666
TI  - [Role of the deans of medical and pharmaceutical institutes in the RSFSR in
      raising the quality of training and in improving the communist education of the
      students].

PMID- 6445667
TI  - [Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. I. Ioffe (1898-
      1979)].

PMID- 6445668
TI  - [Boris Izrailevich Blankov].

PMID- 6445669
TI  - [Effect of certain climatic factors on the spread of epidemic parotitis in
      Leningrad].

PMID- 6445670
TI  - Interrelationships between energy metabolism and thyroid hormone metabolism
      during starvation in the rat.
AB  - Thyroid hormone metabolism and plasma concentrations of TSH were studied after
      short-term hypocaloric refeeding of rats starved for 2-6 days. Carbohydrate and
      protein (10 kcal) refeeding after 4 days of starvation resulted in a rapid
      increase in serum T3 (P less than 0.01) and, less consistently of T4. Plasma TSH
      did not change. These findings were not due to changes in the metabolic clearance
      rates or in thyroid hormone binding proteins, as the disappearance of injected
      labelled T3 and T4, and the free fractions of T3 and T4, were unchanged.
      Increased thyroidal secretion, and for T3, increased peripheral conversion from
      T4 were therefore responsible for these changes. Fat refeeding had no immediate
      effect on plasma T4, T3 or TSH. After 6 days of starvation, refeeding of any
      nutrient was ineffective in altering the plasma concentrations of T3 and T4. The
      intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (100 mg/100 g body weight) to
      starving animals caused an increase in blood glucose and a decrease in blood beta
      hydroxybutyrate similar to that which followed carbohydrate refeeding; T3,
      however, did not increase. In spite of producing a profile of substrates in the
      serum similar to that found following carbohydrate refeeding, nicotinamide
      administration had no effect on the blood lactate/pyruvate ratio which was
      increased following carbohydrate refeeding. Therefore, the cytoplasmic redox
      state, as reflected by the lactate/pyruvate ratio, may be closely related to the
      control of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism.

PMID- 6445671
TI  - Studies on changes in the concentration of serum adrenal androgens in pubertal
      twins.

PMID- 6445672
TI  - Cytotoxicity of fluoride.

PMID- 6445673
TI  - Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and sulphate (DHAS) after acute growth hormone
      therapy.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that growth hormone (hGH) may increase adrenal androgen
      production dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulphate (DHAS) concentrations
      were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum from 7 children with growth
      hormone deficiency, 2 of whom had delayed puberty. Two injections of hGH (10 mg)
      were given 48 h apart and the hormone concentrations measured at 3, 6, 24 and 48h
      after the first injection, 3, 6, and 24h after the second. Basal DHA levels were
      positively correlated with age and bone age in 6 of the 7 patients (p less than
      0.05). Increment of DHA and DHAS above or below basal at each time interval were
      calculated. The mean increments were higher (p less than 0.01-0.05) at 3 h after
      the first injection and at 24h (p lesal DHA concentrations were positively
      correlated with increments in DHA during the first and second 24h of the test (p
      less than 0.05). DHAS concentrations showed little change throughout the test for
      all children. It is suggested that some children with growth hormone deficiency
      and receptive adrenals, increase their serum DHA concentrations after acute hGH
      therapy.

PMID- 6445674
TI  - The postnatal development of the inferior oblique muscle of the cat. III. Fiber
      sizes and histochemical properties.
AB  - Transversal sections of the inferior oblique muscle from kittens of various ages
      and from adult cats were stained for myofibrillar ATP-ase at Ph 9.4 and 4.35,
      succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and fat. The same muscles had previously been
      submitted to studies of contractional and fatigue properties. With ATPase the
      fibers could be differentiated into types I, II and II C. The percentages of each
      fiber type remained approximately the same from birth onwards. In the inner,
      global layer of the muscle, type I fibers showed a linear increase in size, but
      types II and IIC fibers an accelerated growth after age 20 weeks. In the outer,
      orbital layer, where no type I fibers were seen, type II and II C fibers showed
      the same growth pattern as in the global layer. The fiber content of SHD and fat
      was low at birth but increased after two weeks of age. Type I fibers were poor
      and type II C fibers rich in SDH and fat. Type II fibers showed varying amounts
      of these substances. Provided that type I fibers are slow, type II fast and type
      II C intermediate in speed of contraction, like in other muscles, the findings on
      fiber growth and SDH content seem to support the idea that slow, fatigue
      resistant components in eye muscles reach maturity earlier than fast components.

PMID- 6445675
TI  - Angiographic determination of splanchnic blood flow.
AB  - A new videodensitometric method of measuring blood flow in the splanchnic
      arteries as a fraction of the cardiac output was compared to electromagnetic flow
      readings in dogs. A previous investigation regarding the accuracy of the method
      in vitro was extended to prove that the videodensitometric technique was highly
      accurate also in vivo. The simplicity of the technique suggests that the
      videodensitometric method could be used to estimate blood flow in splanchnic
      arteries during routine angiography.

PMID- 6445676
TI  - [Mucosubstances of the acini of the rabbit Harderian gland: a histochemical and
      electron microscopic study (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445677
TI  - A review of communication systems used by deaf-blind people--part III.

PMID- 6445678
TI  - Laennec's cirrhosis and primary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6445679
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6445680
TI  - Noninvasive beat to beat monitoring of left ventricular function by a nonimaging
      nuclear detector during premature ventricular contractions.

PMID- 6445681
TI  - Triplo-X and Down syndrome.

PMID- 6445682
TI  - Echocardiographic characterization of the reversible cardiomyopathy of
      hypothyroidism.
AB  - Nineteen patients with untreated hypothyroidism were evaluated by M-mode
      echocardiography. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), defined as a ratio of
      interventricular septal thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness
      (IVS/LVPW) equal to or greater than 1.3, was identified in 17 cases. Additional
      abnormalities recognized by echocardiography included reduced amplitude of
      systolic septal excursion (SSex) [13 patients], reduced per cent of systolic
      septal thickening (%SST)[19 patients], reduced left ventricular outflow tract
      dimension (LVOT)[five patients] and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve
      (SAM)[five patients]. These findings are similar to some of the echocardiographic
      features of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). In 10 patients who
      returned to euthyroid state with L-thyroxine therapy, these abnormalities
      resolved. We conclude that long-standing hypothyroidism leads to a reversible
      cardiomyopathy, manifested by asymmetric septal hypertrophy with or without other
      echocardiographic features of a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. This
      previously unrecognized features of hypothyroidism has important diagnostic and
      therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6445683
TI  - Cryoglobulinemia.

PMID- 6445684
TI  - Gonococcal endocarditis associated with immune complex glomerulonephritis.
AB  - A case is described in which chronic gonococcemia probably resulted in
      endocarditis, nephrotic syndrome and diffuse immune-complex glomerulonephritis.
      This is the 11th case of gonococcal endocarditis reported since 1948 and the
      first report with accompanying immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of the
      kidney. These studies revealed immune-complex nephritis to be the likely cause of
      the patient's deteriorating renal function.

PMID- 6445685
TI  - Down syndrome and short-term memory impairment: a storage or retrieval deficit?
AB  - The majority of researchers investigating the memory skills of retarded
      individuals have utilized heterogeneous samples of subjects whose sole criteria
      for grouping was either IQ or MA. The present experiment was designed to evaluate
      the short-term memory performance of subjects representing a specific type of
      retardation. Three groups of subjects (Down syndrome, CA control, and MA control)
      received a battery of tests designed to assess recall and recognition memory
      utilizing either auditory or visual input with verbal and nonverbal responses.
      Results indicated that the Down syndrome group possessed deficits in both storage
      and retrieval abilities, with storage of visually presented stimuli being
      particularly impaired.

PMID- 6445686
TI  - Effects of the labels "mentally retarded" and "retard" on the social
      acceptability of mentally retarded children.
AB  - Effects of the labels "mentally retarded" and "retard" on fifth- and sixth-grade
      children's attitudes toward peers were studied. Results indicated that children's
      attitudes (feelings and behavioral intentions) were more positive toward the
      target child labeled "mentally retarded" than labeled "retard." The data also
      showed that children's reactions to the two labels were, in part, a function of
      the physical appearance and academic competence of the peer being rated. Children
      had the most negative attitudes toward a child labeled "retard" who appeared to
      be "normal." In contrast, children reacted favorably to the target child labeled
      "mentally retarded," even when he or she was academically incompetent. Finally,
      boys were more negative than were girls toward the target child, especially when
      the child was labeled "retard." Implications for the movement to abandon the use
      of labels were discussed.

PMID- 6445687
TI  - Vaginal tubal ligation--is infection a significant risk?
AB  - Previous reports from the United States have shown that the morbidity and
      complication rates for vaginal sterilization are more than twice those for
      laparoscopic sterilization. Infection is usually reported to be the most frequent
      complication. This study reviews 329 cases from three private practitioners'
      offices to determine whether infection is, in fact, a significant risk in
      sterilization via colpotomy. Only six patients (1.8%) showed any evidence of
      pelvic infection, and all responded to antibiotics without requiring
      hospitalization. Hence, the risk of pelvic infection does not appear to be a
      deterrent to vaginal sterilization. Postoperative bleeding at the site of
      incision was reported in eight patients (2.4%), all of whom were treated as
      outpatients. Other complications that are reported and discussed do not negate
      the suitability of colpotomy sterilization as an outpatient procedure. An
      unsuspected and disturbing finding was a high subsequent pregnancy rate of 2.4%,
      which rose to 4.2% when the vaginal sterilization was combined with suction
      curettage. Since these rates are considerably higher than those reported for
      laparoscopic or laparotomy sterilizations, the selection of patients and the
      techniques employed for vaginal sterilization must be critically reviewed.

PMID- 6445689
TI  - Calcium ATPase and intestinal calcium transport in uremic rats.
AB  - Calcium ATPase, an enzyme involved in intestinal calcium transport, was measured
      in homogenates of duodenal mucosal scrapings of normal and uremic rats. The
      effects of calcium deprivation and treatment with 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] were investigated as well. Uremia
      decreased the enzyme activity and impaired the rise after calcium deprivation as
      observed in intact rats. The 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment increased the enzyme activity
      in uremic animals and resulted in an identical response to calcium deprivation as
      observed in intact rats; parathyroidectomy abolished this effect. A striking
      correlation between everted duodenal gut sac calcium transport and calcium ATPase
      activity could be demonstrated for all groups of rats studied. It is concluded
      that the calcium ATPase activity is linked to the production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 as
      well as to an additional factor, probably parathyroid hormone. The close
      relationship between enzyme activity and in vitro calcium transport, even during
      constant physiological supplementation with 1,25-(OH)2D3, suggests an autonomous
      role of the calcium ATPase activity for mediation of calcium transport in the
      duodenum in addition to the well-known mechanisms related to vitamin D and its
      metabolites.

PMID- 6445688
TI  - Teaching monograph: Degenerative and demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 6445690
TI  - [Principles of the organization of specialized staged care for gynecologic
      patients with a menstrual function disorder].

PMID- 6445691
TI  - [Sexual maturation characteristics of adolescent girls in Astrakhan].

PMID- 6445693
TI  - School nurses working with handicapped children.

PMID- 6445692
TI  - [Comparative study of uterine tube patency using laparoscopy and
      hysterosalpingography].

PMID- 6445694
TI  - M. articularis coxae--a possible receptor organ.

PMID- 6445695
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the guinea pig subplacenta].

PMID- 6445696
TI  - [Microscopic observations on the wall of the internal carotid artery in the neck
      and petrous bone segments].

PMID- 6445697
TI  - [Morphological and functional relations between the pancreatic islets and the
      allocortex].

PMID- 6445698
TI  - Monoaminergic innervation of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp,
      Cyprinus carpio.

PMID- 6445699
TI  - Development of the cardiac conducting system in the chick embryo.

PMID- 6445700
TI  - [Development of muscle spindles in the human tongue].

PMID- 6445701
TI  - [Testing of neuromuscular function during anaesthesia (author's transl)].
AB  - Traditionally clinical signs are used to evaluate neuromuscular blockade during
      anaesthesia. Recent research has shown that patients managed by clinical signs
      alone will often demonstrate postoperative residual curarization. The systematic
      use of nerve stimulator during and after anaesthesia can facilitate accurate
      evaluation and management of neuromuscular blockade. Unlike single twitch
      stimulation, train-of-four (TOF) stimulation can be used without preoperative
      control values. TOF stimulation is less painful than tetanic stimulation, does
      not influence the neuromuscular block itself and does not require a special
      recording apparatus. Furthermore, with regard to detection of residual
      curarization the sensitivity of TOF stimulation is greater than that of twitch or
      tetanus with 50 Hz in 5 seconds. The neuromuscular response can be evaluated in
      different ways: visually, tactillaly, mechanically or electrically. Routinely,
      visual and tactile impressions are combined to evaluate the degree of
      curarization; with TOF stimulation of the ulnar nerve for example, the number of
      visible contractions of the thumb correlates with the degree of curarization. To
      refine the evaluation of the muscular contraction it is possible to connect the
      thumb to a recorder. Use of a nerve stimulator facilitates more appropriate and
      individualized dosage of the neuromuscular blocking agents. In this way one may
      achieve an optimal level of surgical relaxation, avoid overdosage of the
      neuromuscular blocking agents and diminish the risk of post-operative residual
      curarization.

PMID- 6445702
TI  - Safety aspects of handling the potent allergen FDNB.

PMID- 6445703
TI  - Gynaecological laparoscopy.

PMID- 6445704
TI  - [Functional classification of primary myocardial diseases: importance of various
      further investigations (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445705
TI  - Duplicate exstrophy of the bladder.
AB  - Duplicate exstrophy is a very rare variant of the exstrophy complex. Treatment is
      gratifying, because the patients have normal internal urogenital structures. Two
      different cases of duplicate exstrophy are presented. One is completely similar
      to the type, described by Marshall and Muecke, of which now 9 cases have been
      reported. It is suggested that the other, together with 4 earlier reported cases,
      belongs to a different type of duplicate exstrophy. The embryological mechanism
      responsible for this type is probably a coincidence of 1) duplication of cloacal
      structures and 2) exstrophy of one of the bladders.

PMID- 6445706
TI  - Lower extremity revascularisation with axillo-femoral bypass grafting in 28
      patients.
AB  - A subcutaneously tunneled Dacron graft shunt from the axillary to the femoral
      artery was used to bypass occlusive aortoiliac disease in 19 patients, and to
      revascularize ischaemic lower limbs after removal of infected aortoiliac
      prosthesis in 9 patients. Two high risk patients of the former group died
      postoperatively. Operative mortality was high, 5 of the 9 patients, when treating
      complications of aortoiliac grafting. Massive bleeding through the axillo-femoral
      prosthesis resulted in one operative death. In another case, reoperation for
      graft bleeding was required. The most usual complication of axillo-femoral
      grafting was thrombosis which occurred in 11 patients. Another late complication
      was infection of the graft which developed in 4 patients. In two of these,
      femoral amputation was required. Only 8 of the 28 patients have been free of any
      complication. At follow-up (mean 9.9 months), 16 of the 19 survivors had a
      functioning graft (84%). The high complication rate suggests that axillo-femoral
      bypass should be reserved only for limb salvage in patients with
      contraindications for conventional aortofemoral surgery.

PMID- 6445707
TI  - Disseminated vasculomyelinopathy: an immune complex disease.
AB  - The numerous nervous system abnormalities which follow antecedent infections and
      immunization appear to share a common pathogenesis involving the immune system.
      Pathologically, a small vessel vasculopathy involving arterioles and capillaries
      as well as venules in both gray and white matter is the earliest and most
      consistent change. Perivascular demyelination appears to develop subsequently.
      Delayed hypersensitivity to myelin basic protein may not adequately account for
      these changes. Humoral immunity may be involved instead. I postulate that antigen
      antibody complexes, formed following the introduction of foreign antigen by
      infection or inoculation, cause vascular injury with secondary damage to myelin.
      There is considerable evidence that circulating immune complexes are present in
      some postinfectious nervous system disorders, as are associated systemic features
      which suggest immune complex disease. Similar clinical and pathological nervous
      system changes occur in a variety of disorders in which circulating immune
      complexes are thought to cause vascular injury.

PMID- 6445708
TI  - Acne grading methods.

PMID- 6445709
TI  - Epigastric rosacea.
AB  - A 49-year-old man was observed to have a strong flushing reaction in both the
      epigastric and facial areas after drinking wine. He had severe facial
      erythematous telangiectatic rosacea. Similar prominent intense changes in the
      epigastric skin probably represent extrafacial erythematous telangiectatic
      rosacea.

PMID- 6445710
TI  - Topical treatment of gram-negative bacterial suprainfection in acne.

PMID- 6445711
TI  - Vasodilator rosacea.

PMID- 6445712
TI  - Microsporum infections of the nails.

PMID- 6445713
TI  - Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases.
AB  - We determined the prevalence of keratosis punctata of the palmar creases in 534
      individuals. The group screened included patients, visitors, and staff in clinics
      and in a private office setting. The seven cases discovered were all found in
      black patients, representing 3.1% of this racial group. No relationship to
      arsenical agents, syphilis, or genetic factors could be ascertained by history.

PMID- 6445714
TI  - Infrared photographic studies of rosacea.
AB  - Three patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea were examined using infrared
      photography. The vascular patterns in the malar areas of all the patients were
      completely obliterated in the photographs. A review of the results of infrared
      studies on other cutaneous vascular lesions indicates that the disorder in
      rosacea is not associated with the superficial, collecting veins.

PMID- 6445715
TI  - Erythema elevatum diutinum treated with niacinamide and tetracycline.
AB  - A 60-year-old woman with recurrent papular and vesiculobullous lesions of
      erythema elevatum diutinum responded to treatment with 100 mg of oral niacinamide
      three times a day and 250 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride four times a day.
      Prior therapy with 2.5 mg of dexamethasone daily and 1.0 g of erythromycin daily
      had been unsuccessful. After four weeks, tetracycline therapy was discontinued,
      and niacinamide alone sufficed to suppress the disorder. Recurrent lesions
      developed whenever niacinamide therapy was stopped.

PMID- 6445716
TI  - A case of nondermatophytic toe onychomycosis caused by Fusarium oxysporum.
AB  - The case history of a patient with nondermatophytic onychomycosis of the great
      toenail due to Fusarium oxysporum is presented. The occurrence of Fusarium
      onychomycosis, although not rare, is infrequent. This fungus may not be recovered
      from clinical material if the specimen is cultured only on media containing
      cycloheximide.

PMID- 6445717
TI  - Membrane and transformation characteristics of lymphocytes isolated from the
      synovial membrane and paired peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Membrane and transformation characteristics of lymphocytes isolated from the
      synovial membrane and from paired peripheral blood samples, obtained from
      patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis, were studied. Synovial tissue
      lymphocytes were isolated by a new technique. Two suspensions of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes were studied: one isolated by Ficoll-Isopaque density gradient
      centrifugation, the other enriched in T cells by an additional step of 1 hour
      nylon wool column filtration. All suspensions were characterised by the
      percentages of mononuclear phagocytic cells, and T and B lymphocytes. The
      spontaneous (3)H-thymidine uptake of synovial tissue lymphocyte suspensions
      always exceeded that of the peripheral blood lymphocyte suspensions. The in-vitro
      responsiveness of synovial tissue lymphocytes to PHA, Con-A, and PWM, as measured
      by (3)H-thymidine uptake, was always consistently lower than that of paired
      peripheral blood lymphocytes whether or not enriched in T cells. The
      responsiveness to antigens, including PPD, varidase, and an antigen cocktail
      consisting of varidase, trychophyton, and Staphylococcus aureus antigen, showed
      the same effect. No dissociation was found between the response to PPD and the
      other antigens studied. These results suggest that the relative unresponsiveness
      to mitogens and antigens of synovial tissue lymphocytes in comparison with blood
      lymphocytes is not caused by mononuclear phagocyte contamination, but either by
      different subsets of T lymphocytes or by different functional states of T
      lymphocytes present in the synovial membrane and peripheral blood of patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6445718
TI  - Ventricular aneurysm: false or True? An important distinction.
AB  - A case of ventricular false aneurysm withe the typical clinical, radiological,
      electrocardiographic, and angiographic features of this entity is presented. The
      distinction between false ventricular aneurysm and true aneurysm is discussed.
      This distinction is important because of the propensity of false aneurysms to
      rupture. An early diastolic murmur was present prior to, but not after, resection
      of the aneurysmal sac. A theory as to the origin of this murmur is offered.

PMID- 6445719
TI  - Zygapophysial arthropathy. Intervertebral apophyseal joint arthropathy.
AB  - Normal saline injections into appropriate zygapophysial joints were carried out
      on low back pain suffers to reproduce the pain. Patients were selected on certain
      defined clinical criteria for inclusion to this pilot study. Only five out of ten
      patients reported accurate pain reproduction and these were thought to suffer
      from zygaphophysial arthropathy. It is argued that recognition of this condition
      will influence its management.

PMID- 6445720
TI  - Histochemical fiber type alterations secondary to exercise training of
      reinnervating adult rat muscle.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on
      reinnervating rat muscle histochemistry. Adult female Wistar rats in 5 groups (1
      control and 4 experimental) underwent bilateral sciatic nerve crush. The 4
      experimental groups were exercised on a motorized treadmill at 35% grade and a
      speed of 27m/min once (groups J and L) or twice (groups K and M) daily, 5
      days/week from the 2nd (groups J and K), and 3rd (groups L and M), to the 6th
      week after the crush. The exercise sessions lasted 1 hour. The fiber diameter and
      percent of type I and II fibers (weak and strong myosin ATPase reaction, pH .94)
      were evaluated in the soleus and superficial and deep regions of the plantaris
      muscles. Exercise training did not affect the fiber diameters. There was no
      change in the fiber type distribution in the soleus and superficial region of the
      plantaris. However, the percent of type II fibers increased significantly (p less
      than 0.05) in the deep region of the plantaris groups J, K, L and M bu 12%, 7%,
      15% and 10%, respectively. This study indicated that exercise did not interfere
      with reinnervation and that there was an increase in the proportion of fibers
      with a strong myosin ATPase reaction in the deep region of the plantaris.

PMID- 6445721
TI  - Nonvocal communication: performance evaluation.
AB  - With the increasing number of communication options available to severely
      dysarthric individuals, there is a growing need to develop techniques for the
      evaluation of nonvocal communication performance. A data collection and analysis
      system was developed in order to assess the performance of 2 nonvocal
      communicators. Records of entire messages were obtained along with durational
      measures of communication partner receiving time for each message, identity of
      the communication partner and location.

PMID- 6445722
TI  - Section 504: past, present, future.

PMID- 6445723
TI  - Handicapped persons and the Supreme Court.

PMID- 6445724
TI  - Embolization of extensive peripheral angiodysplasias. The alternative to radical
      surgery.
AB  - We describe two patients with extensive pelvic and lower limb angiodysplasias, in
      whom hemodynamic complications subsequently developed. These have been treated by
      selective angiography and multiple percutaneous transcatheter embolizations with
      satisfactory results (1 1/2 to four years of follow-up). One patient had had
      three previous operations with no improvement; amputation was the only surgical
      alternative. In the other patient, hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy was
      seriously considered because of cardiac failure not responding to medical
      therapy. We review the literature and use our cases to illustrate points of
      technique and reemphasize the essential role of therapeutic embolization in the
      management of extensive angiodysplasia.

PMID- 6445725
TI  - Minilaparoscopy for blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - A new technique of minilaparoscopy has been developed for use in patients with
      blunt abdominal trauma. Fifteen injured patients underwent laparoscopy using this
      new method. Six patients had normal findings, seven patients had evidence of
      minor injury, and two patients had what seemed to be major injuries. The patients
      with normal findings or minor injuries were treated nonoperatively and all did
      well. The two remaining patients underwent laparotomy where serious injuries were
      found and repaired accordingly. With this modified instrumentation, emergency
      laparoscopy is simple and rapid enough to become a practical tool in the
      management of blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 6445726
TI  - [State of the thrombin-plasmin system in nephrotoxic nephritis treated with
      heparin, urokinase, and uroplasmin].
AB  - The state of thrombin-plasmin system was studied in 34 rabbits with Masuga
      nephritis untreated or treated with the use of heparin, urokinase, and
      uroplasmin. The untreated animals developed long-term activation of
      thrombinogenesis (hypercoagulation) with simultaneous inhibition of fibrinolysis
      accompanied by deposition of fibrin-postive substances in the lumens of
      capillaries and glomerular capsules, along basal membranes, and inside epithelial
      and endothelial cells. Heparin inoculated prophylactically prevented the
      development of nephritis and typical changes in the thrombin-plasmin system.
      Treatment with heparin, urokinase or uroplasmin produced regression of nephritis,
      elimination of fibrin-positive substances from the kidneys and gradual complete
      normalization of the functional status of the thrombin-plasmin system. It is
      suggested that not only heparin but also urokinase and uroplasmin can inhibit the
      immune process. The experimental results favours the immunocoagulation theory of
      nephritis pathogenesis.

PMID- 6445727
TI  - [Role of enzyme systems in the mechanism of calcification of normal and tumor
      tissues].
AB  - The review analyses the available evidence on the role of acid and alkaline
      phosphatases, ATPase as well as non-organic phosphate in the processes of
      precipitation of insoluble calcium salts in tissues. Participation of
      phospholipids in this process is noted. The identical role of the ensymatic
      systems in calcification in the processes of bone formation and in pathological
      foci including tumours is demonstrated. Exploration of the mechanisms of
      calcification may be a new step in attempts increasing the effectiveness of human
      malignant tumours therapy.

PMID- 6445728
TI  - The presence of acid mucopolysaccharides in viscous extrusions from the labellar
      and tarsal chemosensilla of Phormia regina (Meig.).
AB  - Mucopolysaccharide substances are present in the shafts of both tarsal and
      labellar chemosensilla of Phormia. These substances are extruded at the tip of
      the chemosensilla. A certain amount of mucopolysaccharides can also be observed
      on the outer surface of the tarsal hair wall at various points along the hair
      shaft. The influence of mucopolysaccharide substances on hair responsiveness to
      external stimuli is discussed.

PMID- 6445729
TI  - Quantitative analysis of hyaluronate in nanogram amounts.
AB  - A radiosorbent technique allowing the specific analysis of 10 ng of hyaluronate
      has been developed.

PMID- 6445730
TI  - Reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid
      with membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum were labelled with 1-fluoro-2,4
      dinitro[3H]benzene at pH 6.5 and with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate at pH 9.2.
      Conditions were chosen to restrict reaction to amino groups, and the effect of
      blockings of these groups by methyl acetimidate was determined. All proteins were
      labelled to some extent by both reagents, but, whereas the trinitrophenylation of
      both lipid and protein amino groups was almost completely blocked by methyl
      acetimidate, the dinitrophenylation of the ATPase at pH 6.5 was much less
      affected. The seven amino groups on the ATPase that were labelled under these
      conditions did not react with methyl acetimidate. This reagent can therefore be
      used to enhance the specificity of fluorodinitrobenzene for amino groups in a
      hydrophobic environment. The amino groups on the minor proteins and on the
      phospholipids that reacted with fluorodinitrobenzene at pH 6.5 were probably in
      an aqueous environment, since the reaction was blocked by methyl acetimidate.

PMID- 6445731
TI  - Glucosylation of phosphorylpolyisoprenol and sterol at the plasma membrane of
      soya-bean (Glycine max) protoplasts.
AB  - Protoplasts were prepared from cells of soya-bean (Glycine max) suspension
      cultures and the plasma membrane was labelled with diazotized [G-3H]sulphanilic
      acid. Homogenates were fractionated by differential and isopycnic centrifugation,
      and membrane fractions in a density gradient were characterized by enzymic
      markers and the radioactive label. When fractions containing a large amount of
      protein were incubated with UDP-[U-14C]glucose, radioactive material soluble in
      chloroform/methanol was formed and this separated into acidic and neutral
      fractions on ion-exchange chromatograms of DEAE-cellulose. The acidic fraction
      was shown to consist of dolichol phosphate glucose, and the neutral fraction
      sterol glucosides and acylsterol glucosides. Optimum conditions for glucosylation
      of dolichol phosphate were established as 5 mM-MgCl2, pH 6.0, and the enzyme had
      a Michaelis constant of 1.5 x 10(-5) m-UDP-glucose. Optimum conditions for
      glucosylation of sterol were 5 mM-MgCl2, pH 8.0 GDP-[U-14C]glucose was a poor
      substrate for the synthesis of both acidic and neutral lipids. Although the
      synthesis of dolichol phosphate glucose and sterol glucosides occurred throughout
      the sucrose gradient, the specific activities of both glucosyltransferases were
      greatest in a fraction coincident with the radioactively labelled plasma
      membrane. Results are discussed in relation to the likely role fo these
      transglucosylase activities.

PMID- 6445732
TI  - Trifluoperazine can distinguish between myosin light chain kinase-linked and
      troponin C-linked control of actomyosin interaction by Ca++.

PMID- 6445733
TI  - Steady state measurements of the internal phosphorylation potential and the cross
      membrane electrochemical potential for proton in respiring mitochondria.

PMID- 6445734
TI  - Degradation of DNA by 1,-10-phenanthroline.

PMID- 6445735
TI  - In vitro activity of piperacillin compared with that of ampicillin, ticarcillin,
      azlocillin, and mezlocillin.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of ampicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin
      and piperacillin was investigated in 1112 fresh clinical isolates using the
      microdilution technic. Ampicillin was the most active agent against enterococci
      and ticarcillin against Staphylococcus aureus, 91% of the latter being inhibited
      by 32 mg/l. 95% of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to
      piperacillin and 90% to ticarcillin and azlocillin. Piperacillin was still active
      against half of the azlocillin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Against the Enterobacteriaceae, mezlocillin and piperacillin were equally active:
      31% of these strains were resistant to both drugs. Amongst the various strains
      the percentage of resistance was highest in Klebsiella (60%). Analysis of
      resistance patterns of Enterobacteriaceae showed almost completely parallel
      resistance between these two drugs the difference being less than 3%.
      Piperacillin, however, had the broadest spectrum of all the penicillins tested.

PMID- 6445736
TI  - [Prune bell syndrome].
AB  - The prune belly syndrome is a very rare entity, characterized by a marked
      deficiency of the abdominal muscles, bilateral cryptorchidism and urinary tract
      abnormalities. The etiology is still unknown; the best accepted theory is the
      embryologic, due to disturbance in development between the sixth to tenth week.
      Histologically renal dysplasia is found together with partial or total absence of
      muscle fibers in the ureter, instead of which there is connective tissue,
      hypertrophy of the bladder with normal ganglionar cells; the prostatic urethra is
      dilated. There are three clinical types: neonatal, neonatal urgency and late
      development. There is not as yet a good management program set out for these
      children in whom the damage is varied. The best treatment is prophylaxis, control
      of infection avoiding instrumentation and repeated urological examinations. The
      prognosis depends on the volumen of functional parenchima and its preservation.
      Depends also on the degree of dysplasia and of insufficiency and secondary damage
      due to infection. We are reporting three differents cases and their management;
      we have obtained good results and we expect a good prognosis according to the
      special characteristics of their evolution.

PMID- 6445737
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of human peripheral blood granulocytes].
AB  - The fibrinolytic activity of human peripheral blood leukocytes was studied by
      plating the cells on 125I-fibrin coated dishes. The separation of the three major
      leukocyte types allowed to demonstrate that most of the activity was produced by
      granulocytes. The rate of fibrinolysin was found to be linear with incubation
      time and cell number in the range of 1-4 X 10(5) cells/ml. Since little activity
      was found in absence of exogenous plasminogen, it was concluded that the cell
      fibrinolytic activity depended mostly upon the release of plasminogen activator.
      Plasmatic and granulocytic activators obtained from the same amount of blood were
      found to be of similar level suggesting a possible clinical implication of the
      cellular activity in the thrombolytic system.

PMID- 6445738
TI  - [Ultrasonic Doppler sonography for internal carotid obstructive disease and its
      limitation (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445739
TI  - Histopathological study on right endomyocardial biopsy of Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Fifty right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken from patients with
      Kawasaki disease were studied. These were taken from 33 male and 17 female
      patients. Biopsies were examined for inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis,
      myocardial fibre disarrangement, and the cellular and nuclear changes of
      hypertrophy. A score of severity was prepared. The degree of abnormality was
      found to correlate with the duration of the disease, as did fibrosis found in 18
      cases (36%), but inflammatory cell infiltration did not (13 cases, 26%). Coronary
      involvement was restricted to the male patients but the myocardial changes
      occurred in both sexes.

PMID- 6445740
TI  - Accuracy of new gas flowmeters.
AB  - The accuracy of five new oxygen and nitrous oxide flowmeter units was
      investigated using the bubble meter method. The results were compared with those
      previously found in flowmeters withdrawn from clinical use. New oxygen flowmeters
      demonstrated less inaccuracies than old flowmeters. No differences were found
      between the nitrous oxide flowmeters. Unacceptable errors were demonstrated at
      oxygen presettings less than 1 litre min-1, suggesting the grading within this
      range to be of no value. Marked deviations which exceeded the limits stated by
      the manufacturer could still be shown at presettings greater than 1 litre min-1.
      If an exact FIO2 is required, continuous monitoring with a high accuracy oxygen
      analyser is essential, even using new flowmeters.

PMID- 6445741
TI  - Calibration of some Wright peak flow meters.
AB  - The performance of Wright peak flow meters is described using an absolute and
      precise calibration method. This showed errors as great as 25% with the peak flow
      meter and 40% with the mini peak flow meter. At large flow rates errors were
      less. The expected variation between individual peak flow meters was about 12%.
      The expected variation between individual mini peak flow meters was between 16%
      and 22%, depending on flow rate.

PMID- 6445742
TI  - Adrenaline-thymoxamine interaction and intraocular pressure.

PMID- 6445744
TI  - Lymphocyte, granulocyte and platelet contamination of blood frozen by the low
      glycerol liquid nitrogen technique.

PMID- 6445743
TI  - Effects of corticosteroids on the proliferation of normal and abnormal human
      connective tissue cells.
AB  - Four corticosteroids were tested in vitro for effect on the proliferation of four
      strains of fibroblasts from scleroderma skin, four strains from normal adult skin
      and four strains of rheumatoid synovial cells. Significant effects on fibroblasts
      occurred only at the highest steroid concentration tested (10 microgram/ml) where
      the inhibitory ranking of the steriods was clobetasol propionate greater than
      clobetasone butyrate greater than betamethasone valerate greater than
      hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone and betamethasone valerate stimulated
      proliferation of two normal strains, had no certain effect on the scleroderma
      group, and inhibited growth of synovial cells. Clobetasone butyrate and
      clobetasol propionate inhibited growth of all cells. All four steroids
      substantially reduced acid mucopolysaccharide secretion by scleroderma
      fibroblasts. These results suggest that fibroblasts from normal and abnormal skin
      show only small differences in their responses to corticosteroids in vitro, but
      contrast sharply with the mouse L-929 fibroblasts previously used in some assays
      of topical corticosteroid potency.

PMID- 6445745
TI  - Studies of lymphocyte proliferation in hairy cell leukaemia: activity in mixed
      lymphocyte reaction and responses to mitogens.
AB  - Subpopulations of splenic lymphocytes from patients with hair cell leukaemia
      (HCL) were compared with similar subpopulations of lymphocytes from reference
      individuals for their ability to respond to mitogens and to participate in
      allogenic and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. T cell enriched
      subpopulations were obtained by double passage of mononuclear cells through mylon
      wool columns. Non-T cell subpopulations were collected by eluting adherent cells
      from nylon wool columns and by incubating them with sheep erythrocytes followed
      by density gradient centrifugation. Unfractionated mononuclear cells, T enriched
      and non-T subpopulations were compared. Enriched T cell subpopulations from HCL
      and reference patients responded similarly to allogeneic antigens and
      phytohaemagglutinin. Splenic non-T cells from reference patients produced a
      stronger stimulus in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction than did the
      unfractionated or the T enriched cells. In contrast, the non-T subpopulations
      from patients with HCL produced a reduced response compared to that of reference
      splenic cells when mixed with allogeneic lymphocytes. In addition, non-T cells
      from HCL patients failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen. Neither reference nor
      HCL splenic cells produced a significant response in the autologous mixed
      lymphocyte reactions. The data suggest that splenic non-T cells from patients
      with HCL either suppress the stimulatory capacity of normal B lymphocytes or fail
      to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reactions.

PMID- 6445746
TI  - Sedimentation study of a catalytically active form of rabbit muscle
      phosphofructokinase at pH 8.55.
AB  - The enzymatic active form of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) was observed
      directly by using the method of reacting or active enzyme centrifugation (AEC).
      These studies were performed in two assay systems: a coupled enzyme and a pH
      dependent dye-linked system in glycylglycine buffer at pH 8.55 and 23 +/- 1
      degree C. The sedimenting band of PFK was stabilized by three solvent systems:
      50% (v/v) D2O, 10% (w/v) sucrose, and 4% (v/v) or 10% (v/v) glycerol. The active
      PFK species sediments as a single component with a sedimentation coefficient of
      12.4 +/- 0.5 S, after correcting for protein--solvent interactions. Although PFK
      may undergo association--dissociation, there is no observable change in the value
      of s20,w over a 57-fold range of protein concentration. Throughout this range
      only a single active species of PFK was observed, and within an experimental
      uncertainty of +/- 10%, the enzymatic activity observed in the sedimentation
      studies accounts for the total enzymatic activity observed in the steady-state
      kinetics. Partially purified PFK was subjected to AEC analysis. Results reveal
      the presence of again a single active form sedimenting at the same rate as the
      purified enzyme. Results from sedimentation velocity studies indicate that the
      stabilizing solvents employed in AEC enhance the self-association of PFK.
      However, such an enhancement alone cannot account for the observation of a single
      active species with a sedimentation coefficient of 12.4 S. The interactions
      between solvent additives and PFK were studied by density measurements and by the
      application of multicomponent theory. Results from such a preferential solvent
      interaction study indicate that PFK is preferentially hydrated in the presence of
      sucrose or glycerol. The enhancement of PFK self-association is most likely due
      to a nonspecific solvent--protein interaction.

PMID- 6445747
TI  - Intersubunit interactions in proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase as
      revealed by hydrogen-exchange kinetics.
AB  - The rates of hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the peptide groups of the alpha and
      beta subunits and the alpha-beta subunit complex of proton-translocating
      adenosine triphosphatase from the thermophilic bacterium PS3 were examined. The
      exchange was found to be much slower in the isolated beta subunit than in the
      isolated alpha subunit. This has been taken as indicating that the structure of
      the beta subunit is tighter than that of the alpha subunit. Adenosine 5'
      triphosphate (ATP) caused tightening of a relatively tight portion of the alpha
      subunit and of a relatively loose portion of the beta subunit. When the alpha and
      beta subunits are brought into contact, tightening of the alpha subunit, but not
      the beta subunit, occurs. The effect of ATP on the structure of the beta subunit
      is more pronounced in the presence of the alpha subunit than in its absence.
      These findings support the idea proposed previously that the alpha subunit has an
      allosteric site and the beta subunit a catalytic site and that the conformation
      of the beta subunit is controlled by the alpha subunit.

PMID- 6445748
TI  - Reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) with myosin subfragment one:
      evidence for formation of a single protein disulfide with trapping of metal
      nucleotide at the active site.

PMID- 6445749
TI  - Effect of nonprotein chromophore removal on neocarzinostatin action.

PMID- 6445750
TI  - Differential effects on energy transduction processes by fluorescamine
      derivatives in rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - Intact rat liver mitochondria were treated with compounds derived from the
      reaction of fluorescamine with various types of primary amines, including the
      mycosamine-containing antibiotics amphotericin B and nystatin. The effect of
      varying amounts of these compounds on ATPase-linked inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      formation on oxygen consumption, and on MgATP-linked and succinate-linked proton
      movements was examined. The antibiotic-fluorescamine compounds did not affect the
      Pi formation rate but strongly inhibited both the ATPase-linked and the succinate
      linked H+ extrusion rates to approximately the same extent. The antibiotic
      derivatives decreased the oxygen consumption rate, but this effect was much
      smaller than the decrease in the respiration-dependent proton extrusion rate. The
      benzylamine-fluorescamine compound significantly increased the Pi formation rate,
      in contrast to the antibiotic analogues. The benzylamine derivative, like the
      antibiotic derivatives, inhibited both types of proton extrusion rates. The
      slight decrease in the oxygen consumption rate caused by the benzylamine
      derivative was significantly smaller than the corresponding decrease observed
      with the antibiotic derivatives. These studies, in which fluorescamine
      derivatives bind reversibly to mitochondria, are compared with previous studies
      in which fluorescamine itself binds irreversibly to mitochondria and results in a
      Pi formation rate increase and MgATP- and succinate-linked proton extrusion rate
      inhibition but has no effect on the oxygen consumption rate.

PMID- 6445751
TI  - Characterization of medium inorganic phosphate-water exchange catalyzed by
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
AB  - Effects of temperature, Ca2+, and ATP on the extent and characteristics of the
      medium Pi in equilibrium HOH exchange catalyzed by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
      are reported.  Measurements of the patterns of [18O]Pi species formed from highly
      labeled [18O]Pi show that a single catalytic pathway is involved in the rapid
      medium Pi in equilibrium HOH exchange with Mg2+ present and the much slower
      exchange with both Mg2+ and Ca2+ present. A continued high rate of exchange is
      observed when ATP concentration is increased up to 5 mM even though the amount of
      phosphoenzyme formed from Pi is much greater at lower ATP concentrations. This
      result reveals that binding of ATP in some manner causes a pronounced increase in
      the rate constant for hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme. During the rapid oxygen
      exchange in the absence of Ca2+ at 10 and 30 degrees C, the rate of Pi release
      from the enzyme-Pi complex is about 5-6 times greater than the rate of
      phosphoenzyme formation. Both Pi release and phosphoenzyme formation are much
      slower in the presence of Ca2+, with a greater relative tendency for
      phosphoenzyme formation, particularly at the lower temperature.

PMID- 6445752
TI  - Relation between extra- and intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios in rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Changes of the extra- and intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios as a function of the
      respiratory state were measured in incubations with rat liver mitochondria.
      ATPase or creatine/creatine kinase was used to change the extramitochondrial
      ATP/ADP ratio; the separation of the mitochondrial pellet was performed by a
      Millipore filtration technique. Under all conditions tested, the
      intramitochondrial ratio changed in the same direction as the extramitochondrial
      one, except in the presence of atractylate where this correlation was not
      observed. Furthermore, it could be shown that the oxygen uptake and pyruvate
      carboxylase activity correlated with the intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio and not
      with the extramitochondrial one. These results do not support the proposal that
      the adenine nucleotide translocase is rate limiting for respiration.

PMID- 6445753
TI  - Proton permeation, adenine nucleotide translocation and respiratory control in
      mitochondria cross-linked by dimethylsuberimidate.

PMID- 6445754
TI  - Effect of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide on the proton conductance of thylakoid
      membranes in intact chloroplast.

PMID- 6445755
TI  - Regulatory interaction between calmodulin and ATP on the red cell Ca2+ pump.
AB  - The interactions between calmodulin, ATP and Ca2+ on the red cell Ca2+ pump have
      been studied in membranes stripped of native calmodulin or rebound with purified
      red cell calmodulin. Calmodulin stimulates the maximal rate of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)
      ATPase by 5-10-fold and the rate of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation by at least 10
      fold. In calmodulin-bound membranes ATP activates (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase along a
      biphasic concentration curve (Km1 approximately 1.4 microM, Km2 approximately 330
      microM), but in stripped membranes the curve is essentially hyperbolic (Km
      approximately 7 microM). In calmodulin-bound membranes Ca2+ activates (Ca2+ +
      Mg2+)-ATPase at low concentrations (Km less than 0.28 microM) in stripped
      membranes the apparent Ca2+ affinities are at least 10-fold lower. The results
      suggest that calmodulin (and perhaps ATP) affect a conformational equilibrium
      between E2 and E1 forms of the Ca2+ pump protein.

PMID- 6445756
TI  - Absorption of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide from rat small intestine in vitro.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide was studied using
      everted sacs of rat small intestine. Transport down the concentration gradient
      showed saturation kinetics at low concentrations and linear kinetics at higher
      concentrations. Addition of ouabain or omission of sodium ions decreased
      absorption. Neither compound was absorbed against a concentration gradient. The
      mode of transport was thought to be carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion at
      lower concentrations masked by passive diffusion at higher concentrations.

PMID- 6445757
TI  - Cleavage of phosphofructokinase at S-cyanylated cysteine residues.
AB  - Rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.11; ATP: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1
      phosphotransferase) consists of four protomers of 80 000 molecular weight, each
      of which contains 15--16 sulfhydryl groups. Specific cyanylation of the most
      reactive sulfhydryl group in each protomer with 2-nitro-5-thio-[14C]cyanobenzoic
      acid and cleavage of the S-cyanylated protomer yields two fragments--a 14C
      labeled fragment of 72 500 molecular weight and an unlabeled fragment of 5400
      molecular weight--indicating that the position of the cysteine residue bearing
      the most reactive sulfhydryl group is approx. 5400 daltons from the amino
      terminal end of each protomer. The phosphofructokinase protomer also contains 5-
      6 sulfhydryl groups that are reactive in the denatured protomer but unreactive in
      the native protomer. The cleavage fragments, obtained from protomers specifically
      cyanylated at sulfhydryl groups reactive only in the denatured protomer, indicate
      that three of the cysteine residues bearing this class of sulfhydryl group occupy
      positions approx. 5000,  11 500, and 58 000 daltons from the carboxyl-terminal
      end of each protomer.

PMID- 6445758
TI  - Dinitrophenylation of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase protein.
AB  - The ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.3)) protein of rabbit skeletal
      sarcoplasmic reticulum rapidly incorporated three mol of 1-fluoro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene per 10(5) g of protein with little change in the Ca2+-dependent
      ATPase activity. When 2 additional mol of the reagent were bound the Ca2+
      dependent ATPase activity was inhibited. The dinitrophenyl group was located
      mainly in the ATPase protein and a small amount of the label was found in the
      proteolipid component of the ATPase preparation as judged by dissociation
      experiments in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Cysteine and tyrosine residues were
      dinitrophenylated in the modified ATPase protein. Thiolysis of the
      dinitrophenylated ATPase protein with 2-mercaptoethanol under various conditions
      did not restore the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity. Solubilization of the ATPase
      protein with sodium deoxycholate increased the reactivity of the reagent and the
      Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity was inhibited to a greater extent.
      Dinitrophenylation of the ATPase protein was Ca2+-dependent; in the presence of
      high Ca2+ the incorporation increased by 50% and a large decrease in the Ca2+
      ATPase activity was noted. The half-maximal changes for the incorporation of the
      reagent and the inhibition of the Ca2+-ATPase activity occurred at 3--4 microgram
      Ca2+-concentration, consistent with the binding of Ca2+ to high affinity sites on
      the ATPase protein. These results indicate that the ATPase protein as a Ca2+-free
      and a Ca2+-bound conformation. The reagent, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reacts
      differentially and thus characterizes these two conformations.

PMID- 6445759
TI  - In vitro effects of L-and D-parachlorophenylalanine on rat liver phenylalanine
      hydroxylase.

PMID- 6445760
TI  - [Properties of anion-sensitive ATPase from plasma membranes of rat liver].
AB  - The effects of bivalent cations, pH, anions, 2,4-dinitrophenol,
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and roseofungine on the anion-sensitive ATPase from rat
      liver plasma membranes were studied. It was found that ATPase from plasma
      membranes is similar to the anion-sensitive ATPase of rat liver nuclei and
      differs in some features from mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 6445761
TI  - [Inhibition of the Ca-ATPase activity of heavy meromyosin by phosphorylating
      analogs of the substrate].
AB  - Mixed anhydrids of AMP, ADP, ATP and IMP and mesitylene carboxylic acid (AMP-MC,
      ADP-MC, ATP-MC and IMP-MC) are efficient irreversible inhibitors of the Ca-ATPase
      activity of myosin and heavy meromyosin. The highest rate of inhibition is
      observed in the case of AMP-MC: at AMP-MC concentration of 1,5.10(-3) M the half
      inactivation time for heavy meromyosin varies in different protein preparations
      from 10 to 20 min. The rates of inhibition in the presence of ADP-MC and ATP-MC
      are roughly the same and are far lower than those for AMP-MC (half inactivation
      time is 1,5-2 hrs). However, in the latter case the inhibition is complete, the
      time of the analogs interaction with the protein being increased up to several
      hours. In the presence of IMP-MC the inhibition is also time-dependent but is
      never complete. A necessary condition for the manifestation of irreversible
      inhibition of the Ca-ATPase activity of TMM by phosphorylating analogs of the
      substrate is the presence of bivalent cations. No inhibition occurs in the
      presence of EDTA. An addition of ADP or ATP to the preincubation medium causes a
      sharp decrease of the inhibition rate (a protective effect), which suggests a
      specific interaction of the analogs with TMM at the substrate binding site.

PMID- 6445762
TI  - [Mathematical model of carbohydrate energy metabolism. Interaction between
      glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the H-transporting shuttles at varying ATPase
      load].
AB  - A simple mathematical model for carbohydrate energy metabolism based on the
      stoichiometic structure of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative
      phosphorylation is proposed. The only allosteric regulation involved in the model
      is phosphofructokinase activation by AMP. Simple as it is, the model can explain
      the following properties of carbohydrate metabolism: a drastic rise of the rate
      of glucose consumption during transition to a higher level of ATPase load;
      stabilization of ATP and an increase of the steady state rates of glycolysis and
      oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH by the H-transporting shuttles and of pyruvate in
      the Krebs cycle with increasing rate of the ATPase load; activation of glycolysis
      and a decrease of the rate of oxidative phosphorylation following an inhibition
      of the H-transporting shuttles. The mechanisms of the coordinated changes in the
      steady state rates of glycolysis, the H-transporting shuttles and the Krebs cycle
      at varying ATPase load in the cell are discussed.

PMID- 6445763
TI  - [Effect of bioresolving microspheric preparations of immobilized fibrinolysin on
      the fibrinolysis system].
AB  - The effect of microspheric preparations of immobilized fibrinolysin on the
      fibrinolysis system has been studied in dog experiments. It was shown that the
      fibrinolytic activity of whole blood increases in the region where the
      preparation is applied due to the presence of the introduced enzyme and to the
      increase in the activity of natural plasminogen activator. The application of
      immobilized fibrinolysin causes predominantly an increase in the activity of the
      plasminogen activator rather than in the fibrinolytic activity itself. The data
      obtained suggest the therapeutic importance of the method of immobilized
      thrombolytic preparation application under investigation.

PMID- 6445764
TI  - Treatment of aplastic anemia by bone marrow transplantation in identical twins.

PMID- 6445765
TI  - Curare-like effect of propranolol on rat extraocular muscles.
AB  - 1 The effects were studied of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, (+/-)
      propranolol and its (+)- and (-)-isomers on contractility of rat isolated
      diaphragm and inferior rectus muscles. 2 Propranolol (10(-5) M) did not modify
      the resting tension nor the electrically-induced twitch contraction in diaphragm
      and extraocular muscles, nor the tonic tension evoked in the latter by high K
      concentrations. 3 In inferior rectus preparations (+/-)-propranolol (5 x 10(-6)
      M) reduced significantly tensions evoked by succinylcholine (SCh). Cumulative
      dose-response curves to SCh were shifted to the right in a nearly parallel manner
      by (+)- and (-)-propranolol which were about equiactive. 4 It is concluded that
      the depressant action of propranolol is independent of its adrenoceptor blocking
      potency and it is not due to an alteration of the contraction mechanism.
      Propranolol appears to depress SCh-evoked tensions through a curare-like effect
      on cholinoceptors.

PMID- 6445766
TI  - Evidence for both histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the gastric vasculature of
      the cat.
AB  - 1 Experiments have been done to study the gastric vascular response to histamine
      given intra-arterially in the cat.2 In experiments utilising pump perfusion of
      the stomach at constant flow rates, rapid intra-arterial injections of histamine
      elicited dose-dependent vasodilatation. The dose-response curve to histamine was
      displaced to the right by mepyramine and further to the right by mepyramine plus
      cimetidine. Cimetidine alone did not displace the histamine dose-response curve.
      This interaction between histamine and histamine antagonists is very similar to
      the interaction observed in other vascular beds.3 Intra-arterial infusions of
      histamine also caused vasodilatation with increased gastric blood flow, measured
      with an electromagnetic flow probe. Mepyramine reduced the immediate increase in
      blood flow during each infusion, although responses in the later stages of the
      infusions were unaltered. Cimetidine had no effect on the immediate response but
      reduced sustained responses to histamine. Treatment with mepyramine and
      cimetidine was required to abolish histamine responses.4 Infusions of 2-(2
      aminoethyl) pyridine and dimaprit also increased gastric blood flow.5 These
      results indicate the involvement of both H(1)- and H(2)-receptors in histamine
      induced gastric vasodilatation. There appears to be a time-base in the
      interaction between histamine and vascular histamine receptors; H(1)-receptor
      responses preceding H(2)-receptor responses.

PMID- 6445767
TI  - Impromidine (SK & F 92676) acts as a partial agonist on the isolated whole
      stomach of the rat.
AB  - The present secretory studies on the isolated stomach of the rat provide evidence
      that impromidine acts as a partial agonist at the histamine H2-receptors. It was
      found to be 100 times more potent than histamine but with a maximal response only
      50% that obtained with histamine.

PMID- 6445768
TI  - Effects of slow muscle stretch on the responses of primary and secondary endings
      to small amplitude periodic stretches in de-efferented soleus muscle spindles.
AB  - The responses of primary and secondary endings of de-efferented soleus spindles
      to small amplitude periodic stretches superimposed on slow ramp stretches have
      been studied. For primary endings, the responses become progressively larger
      especially during the last period of the ramp whereas for secondary endings,
      after an initial period of moderate growth, the amplitude of the responses
      display a relative reduction precisely when the responses of the primary endings
      are the largest. These differences can be interpreted in terms of progressive
      increase in stiffness of the striated polar portions of the intrafusal muscle
      fibers.

PMID- 6445769
TI  - Crosses and uncrossed synaptic actions on motoneurones of back muscles in the
      cat.
AB  - Intracellular recording from motoneurones of back muscles was used to analyze
      their synaptic input. The sample included motoneurones located in Th13--L2 spinal
      segments, identified by their antidromic invasion following stimulation of
      medial, intermediate and lateral branches of the dorsal rami. The motoneurones
      were monosynaptically excited from lowest threshold ipsilateral afferents and
      from ipsilateral descending spinal tracts. Polysynaptic EPSPs and/or IPSPs were
      evoked in them from higher threshold ipsilateral and contralateral afferents and
      from descending spinal tracts, and recurrent inhibition was evoked from
      ipsilateral motor axon collaterals. There was no evidence of crossed disynaptic
      inhibition from group I afferents, or crossed recurrent inhibition of these
      neurones. Supplementary records from another group of neurones in Th13--L2
      segments, unidentified but likely to innervate other back or abdominal muscles,
      showed monosynaptic and polysynaptic PSPs of the same origin, and in addition
      disynaptic IPSPs and disynaptic EPSPs from contralateral ventral roots. The
      crossed IPSPs had features of the crossed recurrent IPSPs, while the crossed
      EPSPs appeared to be more likely evoked by some afferents passing via the ventral
      roots. Generally, the input to the investigated neurones showed greatest
      similarities to the input to motoneurones of neck muscles and differed from that
      reported for tail motoneurones.

PMID- 6445770
TI  - Effect of diphosphonates on glycogen content of rabbit ear cartilage cells in
      culture.
AB  - The diphosphonates dichloromethanediphosphonate (Cl2MDP) and to a minor degree 1
      hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (EDHP) increased the glycogen content in cultured
      cartilage cells of rabbit ear. This effect was not due to different
      concentrations of glucose in the medium.

PMID- 6445771
TI  - Streptozotocin and bone resorption in vitro.

PMID- 6445772
TI  - Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on the acquisition of tolerance to barbital.
AB  - The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) pretreatment on barbital tolerance in
      the rat as measured by motor impairment on the moving belt test was examined in
      two separate studies. The first used a 2 X 2 design with doses of p-CPA (125
      mg/kg) or water, and sodium barbital (300 mg/kg) or water. The treatments
      continued for 28 days with tests every 7 days. The p-CPA dose used was previously
      shown to produce and maintain greater than 95% depletion of brain serotonin (5
      HT). Tolerance developed to the test doses, and even greater tolerance to the
      chronic treatment doses. In both cases the p-CPA slowed the development of
      tolerance without altering the acute response to the challenge dose of barbital.
      The second study involved only a p-CPA-barbital group and a water-barbital group.
      In this case treatment lasted for up to 8 days, with separate subgroups being
      tested only once each at 2-day intervals, in order to prevent the tests from
      affecting the rate of tolerance development. This experiment confirmed that p-CPA
      slowed the development of barbital tolerance. The present findings provide
      additional support for the possibility that 5-HT may be involved in the
      development of tolerance to sedatives (e.g., alcohol, pentobarbital).

PMID- 6445773
TI  - [S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine: 1. Influence on sleep].
AB  - S-Adenosylhomocysteine, 0.1-20 mg/kg, influences the sleep patterns of rat, cat
      and rabbit by increasing the slow-wave and fast-wave sleep for 6 h. The SAH
      effects are increased by p-chlorophenylalanine and iproniazid and unchanged by
      reserpine. SAH effects are correlated with modification of norepinephrine and
      serotonin metabolism.

PMID- 6445774
TI  - The intracellular Na+ and K+ composition of the moderately halophilic bacterium,
      Paracoccus halodenitrificans.
AB  - The intracellular concentrations of Na+ and K+ in exponentially growing
      Paracoccus halodenitrificans were independent of the NaCl concentration of the
      growth medium. The observed values were approximately 100 and 300 mM for Na+ and
      K+, respectively. In stationary phase cells, the ultimate values for Na+ depended
      on the NaCl concentration of the growth medium. With cells grown in the presence
      of 1 M NaCl, the value was about 500 mM; for cells grown in the presence of 3 M
      NaCl, the value was about 1.1 M. The K+ concentration in stationary phase cells
      was unaffected by the NaCl concentration in the growth medium. The final value
      was about 100 mM. Associated with these changes were changes in the ATP pool and
      decreases in the activities of the NADH oxidase system and the membrane-bound
      ATPase. It is proposed that the decrease in the activities of these enzymes may
      account for the ion flows observed in stationary phase cells.

PMID- 6445775
TI  - Hodgkin's disease: unfolding concepts concerning its nature, management and
      prognosis.
AB  - The evolution of our concepts concerning the fundamental nature and natural
      history of Hodgkin's disease is reviewed. Recent evidence establishes that it is
      indeed a malignant neoplasm, albeit a curious one, the giant cells of which
      display aneuploid karyotypes, often with marker chromosomes indicating their
      clonal derivation, and the functional and surface marker properties of cells of
      the mononuclear phagocyte series. The disease tends initially to spread by
      contiguity from one lymph node chain to others with which direct lymphatic
      channel communications exist. Essentially all patients, even those with limited
      disease, have some degree of impairment of cell-mediated immunity, apparently due
      to inhibition of T-lymphocyte function. Lymphangiography, computed tomography,
      and laparotomy with splenectomy have greatly improved the accuracy of clinical
      staging. Total lymphoid megavoltage radiotherapy and/or multidrug combination
      chemotherapy now permit the eradiction of disease of all stages, resulting in a
      dramatic improvement in prognosis and an increasing frequency of permanent cure
      of this once inevitably fatal condition.

PMID- 6445776
TI  - Phase II trial of neocarzinostatin in patients with bladder and prostatic cancer:
      toxicity of a five-day iv bolus schedule.
AB  - Neocarzinostatin (NCZ), a new antitumor antibiotic, was administered to 19
      patients with bladder cancer, 16 patients with prostatic cancer, and 3 patients
      with hepatoma. All patients had objectively measurable metastatic lesions
      including 21 with palpable nodes or subcutaneous nodules, 10 with pulmonary
      nodules as demonstrated by chest x-ray, 4 with malignant hepatomegaly, and 3 with
      bidimensional pelvic masses as demonstrated by CT scanning. Sixty-five courses of
      NCZ were administered via an intravenous bolus daily for five days with dosages
      ranging from 1500 to 3000 U/m2. Immediate toxicity was not dose-limiting except
      for 1 episode of anaphylaxis and 1 of acute renal failure. Myelotoxicity was
      delayed, dose-dependent, noncumulative, and dose-limiting. Thrombocytopenia was
      prolonged or irreversible in 5 cases. The maximally tolerated dose was 2750 U/m2.
      One patient with NCZ-associated pulmonary fibrosis and 1 with biopsy-proven
      hepatitis are discussed in detail. Neocarzinostatin demonstrated minimal
      therapeutic activity (1 partial remission) in patients with bladder cancer. There
      was no response in patients with prostatic cancer or hepatoma.

PMID- 6445777
TI  - Secretory carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Nineteen examples of a very rare type of carcinoma of the breast have been
      studied. The carcinoma is unusual in that it has exaggerated secretory features
      previously reported only (with one exception) in juveniles. But not all the
      patients in our series were juveniles; they ranged in age from 9 to 69 years
      (median age, 25 years). Six were 30 years of age or older. Eighteen patients were
      female and 1 was a 9-year-old boy. Treatment varied from local excision of the
      tumor to radical mastectomy. Four of the 11 patients who had axillary node
      dissection had metastatic deposits showing the same secretory features as the
      primary neoplasm. One of these 4 patients, a 25-year-old woman, died within ten
      months with disseminated tumor. Because this distinctive pattern of carcinoma is
      not limited to children and adolescents, we propose that it be called "secretory
      carcinoma." Since, of the 19 patients, 4 (21%) had axillary node metastases and 1
      (5%) died with disseminated tumor, an extended simple mastectomy is recommended
      as the initial treatment for patients more than 20 years of age.

PMID- 6445778
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the stomach with eruptive seborrheic keratoses: the sign of
      Leserp-Trelat.
AB  - The sign of Leser-Trelat, the sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses
      in conjunction with an internal malignancy, is very uncommon. A case involving a
      patient who had undergone resection of an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon
      followed ten years later by the development of an adenocarcinoma of the stomach
      with exhibition of the sign of Leser-Trelat is presented. A summary of reported
      cases, along with a discussion of the sign, is provided. This is the first
      reported case of a patient presenting with the sign of Leser-Trelat along with a
      second primary malignancy.

PMID- 6445780
TI  - [A study of the metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone in
      vitro in male mammary gland (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445779
TI  - Primary cardiomyopathies: classification, pathophysiology, clinical recognition
      and management.
AB  - In recent years, the definition of cardiomyopathy has been restricted to the
      idiopathic forms of myocardial disease and has been grouped into three general
      categories: (1) congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy, (2) hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, and (3) restrictive cardiomyopathy. The history and physical
      examination and echocardiography appear to be the most helpful in the clinical
      recognition of these disorders. In general, the prognosis of patients with
      congestive cardiomyopathy is guarded. Their survival primarily depends on the
      natural history and progression of the disease as well as the response to
      treatment with anticongestive drugs. The recent advent of vasodilator therapy has
      provided additional help to the patient with refractory congestive heart failure.
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy appears to be much more frequently recognized since
      the advent of echocardiography. The young patient has a much higher incidence of
      serious complications (combined right and left ventricular outflow obstruction,
      more generalized hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and sudden death), and the patient
      presenting in later life appears to have fewer associated complications. There is
      a familial association with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although the true
      incidence and full expression of the association is not well understood at
      present. The majority of adult patients acieve prolonged survival with medical
      and/or surgical treatment. The restrictive cardiomyopathies are probably the
      least well understood. All three subgroups (Loffler's endocarditis, primary
      restrictive cardiomyopathy, and endomyocardial fibrosis) have a guarded
      prognosis. The acute form (Loffler's endocarditis) is characterized by a
      debilitating illness with death usually within a couple of months; however, a
      small percentage of these patients can have long survival and may actually evolve
      into a more chronic form, i.e., primary restrictive cardiomyopathy or
      endomyocardial fibrosis. The latter two restrictive myopathies usually have a
      slow indolent course, and their prognosis is primarily determined by the amount
      of myocardial damage and endocardial fibrosis.

PMID- 6445781
TI  - [Anaerobic nonspore-forming bacteria in fecal flora of man. II. Representation of
      species of the genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteriodes (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445782
TI  - [Anaerobic nonspore-forming bacteria in fecal flora of man. III. Gram-positive
      bacteria and cocci (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445783
TI  - [Advantages and limitations of simple radial hemolysis in diagnosis of influenza
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445784
TI  - [Antibodies against influenza--individual and group immunity (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445785
TI  - [On the question of useability of complement fluorescent staining in early
      diagnosis of arboviruses (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445786
TI  - [Findings of toxoplasmatic antibodies in man and animals after application of a
      lyophylized vaccine against rabies (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445788
TI  - [Calculator of bacterial colonies (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445787
TI  - [Epidemiology of scabies. 3. The mode of transmission (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445789
TI  - [Professor Jan Kabelik].

PMID- 6445790
TI  - [Pseudoinclusion of the ovary (bursa periovarica) in the laparoscopic picture of
      sterility (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445791
TI  - [Outpatient stomatologic care under total anesthesia in patients with Down's
      syndrome].

PMID- 6445792
TI  - Epidemiological information on leprosy in the Singu area of Upper Burma.
AB  - In the course of a WHO trial designed to evaluate the possible protective action
      of BCG vaccine against leprosy, a longitudinal epidemiological study of the whole
      population was carried out in an area of very high endemicity in Burma from 1964
      to 1976. Two mass surveys of the whole population with an interval of 4 years and
      annual re-examination of the 28 000 children (0-14 years) in the BCG trial were
      carried out. The data collected yielded important information about general
      prevalence and yearly incidence of the disease as well as on sex, age, and
      classification of cases. The general prevalence rate declined from 32.6 per 1000
      in the first survey to 25.2 per 1000 in the second. The number of cases among
      males was significantly higher than among females. Incidence rate among contacts
      of already known cases was 9.8 per 1000 person-years. The estimated yearly
      incidence among non-contacts was 5.9 per 1000. Prevalence rates reached a peak in
      the 20-39-year age group. The prevalence rate of multibacillary patients also
      reached a peak in the same age bracket. It is stressed that a further period of
      epidemiological surveillance will be essential in order to have a correct
      estimate of the expected number of new infections, especially multibacillary
      cases, in the 20-39-year group. The value of this information is considered
      unique for planning and programming of future control activities.

PMID- 6445793
TI  - Canine arterial calcium transport during endotoxin shock.

PMID- 6445794
TI  - Studies on the digitalis receptor.

PMID- 6445795
TI  - The digitalis receptor. Inferences from structure-activity relationship studies.

PMID- 6445796
TI  - Effects of hypokalemia on the cardiotropic actions of digoxin in dogs.
      Correlation with inhibition of cardiac Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - Hypokalemia potentiated the arryhthmogenic effects of digoxin and promoted
      inhibition of cardiac Na+,K+-ATPase. Acute hypokalemia did not modify digoxin
      induced inotropy and therefore altered the quantitative relationship between
      inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase and positive inotropy. Chronic hypokalemia impaired
      the positive inotropic response to digoxin and to isoproterenol in the absence of
      an electron microscopically detectable cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6445797
TI  - Contractile performance of the hypertrophied ventricle in patients with systemic
      hypertension.
AB  - To assess the contractile state of the hypertrophied ventricle induced by long
      standing systemic hypertension in 22 patients, we used echocardiography for the
      measurement of the ventricular diameter and posterior wall thickness, together
      with simultaneous recording of brachial arterial pressure. Meridional wall stress
      (WSt) was used for the expression of the force per unit cross-sectional area. The
      WSt-diameter relation obtained during dynamic responses to acute pressure
      reduction by nitroprusside infusion was compared with the same relation obtained
      in 10 normal subjects (posterior wall thickness averaged 0.7 cm [range 0.6-0.9
      cm]) over a range of matched systolic pressure induced by methoxamine
      administration. In 15 patients in whom end-diastolic wall thickness increased to
      1.1 cm (range 1.0-1.2 cm), the linear WSt-diameter relation at end-systole did
      not differ from the control group, indicating a normal level of inotropic state.
      In the seven patients with an end-diastolic wall thickness of 1.3 cm or more, the
      end-systolic WSt-diameter relation was clearly shifted to the right and had a
      less steep slope. These findings indicate that in advanced left ventricular
      hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, myocardial contractility may be
      depressed.

PMID- 6445798
TI  - Hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with abnormalities of both B and T lymphocytes
      in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
AB  - The underlying basis for hypogammaglobulinaemia in patients with chronic
      lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) was investigated by measurement if immunoglobulin
      produced in vitro in cultures of pokeweek mitogen-stimulated B and T lymphocytes.
      B and T cells were separated by sheep red blood cell rosette techniques and, by
      culture of these cells from CLL patients in various combinations with B or T
      cells from normal subjects, it was possible to measure independently the function
      of B lymphocytes and the helper or suppressor function of T lymphocytes. By these
      methods it was found that the B lymphocytes of six of eight patients failed to
      produce immunoglobulins in vitro. B lymphocytes from two patients appeared to
      produce immunoglobulins in vitro. T lymphocytes from five of the eight patients
      had low or undetectable helper T cell function and in six patients their T
      lymphocytes had excessive suppressor activity in comparison to T lymphocyte
      populations from normal subjects. Whether the primary abnormality in the CLL T
      cell populations was a deficiency of helper T cells or excess of suppressor T
      cells was uncertain from these studies. These results suggest that immunoglobulin
      production by B lymphocytes from most patients with CLL was abnormal but also
      that T cells from CLL patients may be abnormal in respect to their role in
      immunoglobulin production at an early stage of the disease. These findings may
      assist in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and lead to new
      approaches in treatment.

PMID- 6445799
TI  - Maturational effects of thymic hormones on human helper and suppressor T cells:
      effects of FTS ('Facteur Thymique Serique') and thymosin.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from healthy donors and pre
      incubated with two thymic factors, FTS, a new synthetic polypeptide originally
      isolated and purified from serum, and thymosin Fraction V. After 24 hr of pre
      incubation, the cells were washed and added to an allogeneic MLR and assayed for
      their ability to induce a suppressor or helper response. It was found that both
      factots were capable of inducing both helper and suppressor T cells and that the
      response was unpredictable. In both instances, more than 50% of the subjects
      studied responded with a helper effect. The addition of Con A augmented these
      effects. Since both helper and suppressor T cells can be induced by the factors
      studied herein, one must be aware of the potential effects on T-T and T-B
      balances of manipulation in clinical situations such as SLE or cellular immune
      deficiency states.

PMID- 6445800
TI  - Differential chronotropic and inotropic effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate
      (SG-75) in the dog isolated atrium.
AB  - 1. The chronotropic and inotropic effects of the anti-anginal agent SG-75 (2
      nicotinamidoethyl nitrate) and 1-verapamil were investigated in isolated blood
      perfused canine atrial preparations. The compounds were administered via the
      cannulated sinus node artery. 2. SG-75 induced a selective negative inotropic as
      opposed to a chronotropic effect. Verapamil showed no selective negative
      chronotropic or inotropic activity. 3. Effects of SG-75 and 1-verapamil on the
      frequency-force relationship were studied. SG-75 produced a uniform depression of
      the developed tension at all frequencies tested which the depression with 1
      verapamil was greater at higher than at lower frequencies.

PMID- 6445801
TI  - Abnormal regulatory control of the antibody response to heterologous erythrocytes
      in protein-calorie malnourished mice.

PMID- 6445802
TI  - Lymphocytes of Hodgkin's biopsies exhibit: stable E-rosette formation, natural
      attachment and glucocorticoid sensitivity, similar to immunoactivated T cells.

PMID- 6445803
TI  - Immunoglobulin-producing cells in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      Modulation by accessory cells and enhancing effect of polyacrylamide beads.

PMID- 6445804
TI  - Purification of matrix-vesicle alkaline phosphatase from chicken epiphyseal
      cartilage and experiments on its ATP-hydrolyzing properties.
AB  - Matrix vesicles of epiphyseal growth cartilage are presumed to be the initial
      sites of mineralization. In order to discover whether matrix vesicle phosphatase
      could function as Ca2+-ATPase, we purified it from isolated matrix vesicles of
      chicken epiphyseal growth cartilage by n-butanol extraction, Sepharose 6B gel
      filtration, and DEAE-ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme protein hydrolyzes a
      number of phosphatase substrates, but showed one protein band when tested by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an antibody raised in a rabbit caused
      only one precipitation line in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The
      properties of the enzyme regarding the hydrolysis of ATP were studied at pH 7.6,
      which is close to the pH of the extracellular fluid of the cartilage. ATPase
      activity was stimulated by Mg2+ and Ca2+, but Ca2+ was a weaker activator and
      failed to stimulate the hydrolysis of ATP any further at the optimal Mg2+
      concentration, indicating that the enzyme is not a "true" Ca2+-ATPase.

PMID- 6445805
TI  - Augmentative modes of communication for the severely speech- and motor-impaired.
AB  - There is a large population of individuals whose speech impairments are so severe
      that they are unable to communicate effectively or fully through the speech mode
      alone. For these individuals, augmentative communication techniques which can
      supplement their speech (if any) should be implemented to provide them with a
      fully functional communication system. A variety of different techniques and
      approaches has been developed, each with advantages and disadvantages for
      individuals having different skills, handicaps or constraints. Clinical work to
      date has shown that these approaches do not impede the development or use of
      speech, where it is functional, in a significant portion of the population. There
      is some evidence that they enhance the development of intelligible speech.
      Selection of the appropriate technique, however, is complicated, since there are
      many factors, including physical, cognitve, language and environmental, that must
      be considered in selecting the appropriate aid. For this reason, selection is
      best carried out by an interdisciplinary team which is specially trained for this
      purpose. Advances in the field, both in terms of information and training as well
      as in the development of new aids, is moving quite rapidly at this time, and it
      is expected that dramatic advances in the appropriate care and rehabilitation of
      individuals with severe and extreme communication impairment will be seen over
      the next 5 to 10 years.

PMID- 6445806
TI  - Uptake of Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate in a surgical scar.

PMID- 6445807
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders.

PMID- 6445808
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of metabolic disorders.
AB  - Reliable techniques for the antenatal diagnosis of many inherited metabolic
      disorders have recently been developed. There is little doubt that the list of
      disorders detectable in utero will continue to expand rapidly with our knowledge
      of the biochemical basis of inherited disease. New antenatal diagnostic methods
      will be developed and existing procedures will become safer, more accurate and
      more readily available. These changes will undoubtedly be accompanied by new
      developments in the antenatal diagnosis of other types of disorders, including
      chromosomal abnormalities and congenital malformations as discussed in other
      chapters in this issue. Such developments in the prevention of genetic disease
      will enable us to offer additional options to our patients and families affected
      with these often devastating disorders.

PMID- 6445809
TI  - Echocardiography in diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Part I.
      Study of the left ventricle and pericardium and recognition of intracardiac mass
      lesions.

PMID- 6445810
TI  - Immune complex glomerulonephritis of mink with Aleutian disease.

PMID- 6445812
TI  - Low back pain.

PMID- 6445811
TI  - The occurrence of spontaneous immune-complex glomerulonephritis in Han: NMRI
      mice.
AB  - A report is given on the frequency of immune-complex glomerulonephritis in Han:
      NMRI mice, on the results from histological examination and from
      immunofluorescence microscopy.

PMID- 6445813
TI  - The safety of topical antibiotics in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

PMID- 6445814
TI  - Clindamycin for tetracycline-resistant acne.
AB  - Tetracycline, because of its effectiveness, safety, and economy, remains the
      treatment of choice for chronic maintenance of uncomplicated acne. However, a
      certain percentage of patients with very difficult acne will not respond
      satisfactorily to tetracycline. The study presented herein described forty-two
      patients with nodulocystic acne who did not show imporvement on adequate trials
      of tetracycline and were switched to low-dose clindamycin. A majority of these
      patients then showed significant improvement with nine showing essential clearing
      of the condition. Two patients experienced diarrhea, but recovered immediately
      after the clindamycin was discontinued.

PMID- 6445815
TI  - Apert's syndrome.
AB  - We report herein a case of Apert's syndrome, which is characterized clinically by
      cranial, facial, and limb malformations. Acne vulgaris of the upper extremities
      constitutes the dermatologic hallmark of this rarely reported disorder.

PMID- 6445816
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a new erythromycin solution for acne vulgaris.
AB  - The effects of a 1.5 percent solution of erythromycin, especially formulated for
      the topical treatment of acne vulgaris, were compared with those of its vehicle
      in a twelve week, double-blind study involving twenty-six patients. A
      statistically significant difference between the responses to the two treatments
      was seen in both lesion counts and overall evaluations. The final reductions in
      the mean number of papules and pustules in the erythromycin group were 70.8 and
      77.6 percent of the initial values, respectively, and the overall evaluations of
      this group showed that 91.7 percent of the patients had achieved good or
      excellent results. A group of fourteen patients continued therapy with the
      erythromycin solution for an additional nine months. Effective control of their
      acne was maintained, and no serious side effects were observed.

PMID- 6445817
TI  - Pediculosis pubis in a patient treated with topical steroids.

PMID- 6445818
TI  - Immersion foot: an occupational disease.

PMID- 6445819
TI  - [Report of the work of the Academy of Surgery during 1979].

PMID- 6445820
TI  - [Non-closure of the abdominal wall in the surgery of peritonitis].

PMID- 6445821
TI  - A chromosome rearrangement of Neurospora that produces viable progeny containing
      two nucleolus organizers.
AB  - In rearrangement T(VL leads to IVL)AR33 the segment of chromosome 2 bearing the
      nucleolus organizer is translocated to the end of chromosome 4. When AR33 is
      crossed by Normal sequence (N), one third of the viable progeny contain a stable
      nontandem duplication with two organizers per nucleus. The organizer-deficient
      complementary products are inviable. Chromosomes and nucleoli have been examined
      during meiosis and postmeiotic nuclear divisions in the ascus, comparing
      heterozygous AT33 X N crosses with N X N and with crosses heterozygous for other
      interchanges. When AR33 is heterozygous, asci are of three types having the
      nucleolus organizer dupliciated in 0, 1 or 2 of the meiotic products. Frequencies
      of the ascus types are as expected from the known positions of rearrangement
      break points. Nucleoli formed by two organizers frequently fuse. Deficiency
      nuclei that contain no nucleolus organizer may form one or more small nucleolus
      like bodies.

PMID- 6445822
TI  - [Experimental propolis administration into the tissues by electro- and
      phonophoresis].
AB  - Experimental studies were attempted for electrophoretic and phonophoretic
      application of propolis. Gross, histomorphologic and histochemical investigation
      clearly demonstrated that propolis may readily be introduced by phono- and
      electrophoresis in the tissues of experimental animals at the site of
      application. No polarity difference was recorded on electrophoretic application,
      which seems to be due to the complex nature of propolis. It is recommended to
      apply electrophoretically propolis on both poles. Histochemical investigation
      demonstrated that more effective is the phonophoretic method of introduction of
      propolis. Phonophoresis with propolis ointment caused decrease in skin
      sensitivity, attributable to the anesthetizing effect on the skin receptors.

PMID- 6445823
TI  - Laparoscopic aspects of lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - The authors performed laparoscopy on eight patients (six females and two males)
      with lepromatous leprosy. The findings show that goose flesh hepatomegaly (100%
      of the cases), and red or gray splenomegaly (75% of the cases) can be considered
      as laparoscopic hallmarks of lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 6445824
TI  - Sheep liver beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase: partial purification, characterization
      and photodynamic inactivation.
AB  - Sheep liver beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was purified over 20-fold by conventional
      methods. The enzyme possessed activity against both p-nitrophenly-beta-D-N
      acetylglucosaminide and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminide as
      substrates. On the basis of a variety of physical and chemical analyses including
      pH stability, substrate inhibition studies and photodynamic inactivation, it was
      concluded that both the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-N
      acetylgalactosaminidase activities reside within the same molecule.

PMID- 6445825
TI  - Effects of digitalis intoxication on the phosphoglucomutase and creatine
      phosphokinase of guinea pig livers.
AB  - A study was made of the behavior of the phosphoglucomutase (PGluM) and creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) in the liver tissue of guinea pigs after chronic digitalis
      intoxication. It was found that the latter causes a statistically significant
      decrease of both enzymatic activities. The results obtained by the authors with
      this investigation, together with those of previous researchers, show that the
      toxic effect of digitalis on the enzymatic activities is not limited to the
      reported effect on the ATPase but also involves, at least at the doses and under
      the conditions used, other enzymatic activities.

PMID- 6445826
TI  - Pig cardiac myosin isoenzymes.
AB  - Pig heart myosins isolated from the free wall of the right ventricle and the free
      wall of the left ventricle were compared with respect to structural and enzymatic
      properties. The following parameters were studied (1) activation of myosin ATase
      by Ca2+ and K+j(2) molecular weight of the heavy and light chains of myosins as
      determined by electrophoretic migration in polyacrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) gels; (3) ability of the heavy chains to form aggregates at low ionic
      strength as revealed by electron microscopy; (4) sensitivity to the action of
      chymotrypsin. Differences were observed between left and right ventricular
      myosins (L-myosin and R-myosin) for all these parameters except for the molecular
      weight of heavy and light chains. The existence of large amounts of short
      synthetic filaments for R-myosin compared with L-myosin as revealed by the length
      repartition of the filaments, and the production of smaller quantities of HMM-S
      by chymotryptic digestion for R-myosin, strongly suggest the presence of
      different cardiac myosin heavy chain species.

PMID- 6445827
TI  - Comparative study of quantitating 99mTc-EHDP uptake in sacroiliac scintigraphy.
AB  - Quantitative sacroiliac (SI) scintigraphy was performed 3 h after an i.v.
      injection of 16 mCi 99mTc-EHDP. The resulting images were recorded and processed
      and on an ON data system 150. Five technical approaches for objective digital
      assessment of abnormal uptake of the tracer at the sacroiliac joints were
      employed. SI indexes from the ratio of radioactivity in the SI joints and in the
      os sacrum, determined either by a region-of-interest technique or by a profile
      scan technique measuring the maxima of the curve over a defined base line, proved
      to be the best parameters in discriminating normal from abnormal uptake of the
      radiotracer in the SI joints. The quantitative scan technique appears to be
      useful as an objective tool in interpreting SI scans.

PMID- 6445828
TI  - Transient accumulation of Tc 99m MDP in the liver.
AB  - A patient with multiple myeloma complicated by hypercalcemia is presented. During
      the state of an elevated calcium phosphate product a transient diffuse
      accumulation of Tc 99m MDP in the liver was demonstrable, whereas the
      demonstrated metastatic calcifications of the kidneys persisted after therapeutic
      reduction of the elevated ion product. This points to a difference in the
      formation of calcium phosphate precipitations in these organs. Accumulation of Tc
      99m labelled bone seeking agents in the liver must not always mean severe liver
      damage or amyloidosis or tumour manifestation. An altered serum calcium phosphate
      balance has to be taken into account when interpreting scintigrams performed with
      bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 6445829
TI  - Career opportunities for culturally diverse handicapped youth.

PMID- 6445830
TI  - The Chinese hamster gene map. Assignment of four genes (DTS, PGM2, 6PGD, EnoI) to
      chromosome 2.

PMID- 6445831
TI  - Xenogeneic transplantation of human tumors of the gastro-intestinal tract in nude
      mice.
AB  - The transplantation of human adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract into
      nude mice is described. The human primary tumors were located in the stomach,
      colon or rectum. Successively transplantable lines could be established by means
      of implantations of tumor blocks in the left abdominal wall of nude mice. Some
      biological and histopathological criteria of the implanted tumors as compared to
      their human origins are given. Several experiments concerning the dependence of
      tumor growth in nude mice upon the region of implantation are reported. Moreover,
      first results with regard to development of tumor recidives in nude mice after
      resection are presented.

PMID- 6445832
TI  - Plasma membrane bound Ca2+-ATPase activity in bull sperm.

PMID- 6445833
TI  - (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and calmodulin activity of rat red blood cells: lack of
      dependence on vitamin D.

PMID- 6445834
TI  - [Alkaloids of the aerial organs of the poppy (Papaver oreophilum Rupr.)].

PMID- 6445835
TI  - [60 years of the pharmacy in Uzbekistan].

PMID- 6445836
TI  - [Formation of the pharmacy system in Yaroslavl Province].

PMID- 6445837
TI  - [Experience in planning pharmacy network development in Caucasian Mineral'nye
      Vody for the 10th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 6445838
TI  - [Course of pregnancy and labor in workers engaged in the manufacture of chemical
      fiber].

PMID- 6445839
TI  - [Medical support for World War II disabled and veterans].

PMID- 6445840
TI  - Present status in searching for biochemical markers among laboratory inbred rat
      strains (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - A review of laboratory rat strains with regard to interstrain differences in
      different enzyme systems and other proteins is presented. Allelic distribution of
      polymorphic systems is shown.

PMID- 6445841
TI  - Dietary and metabolic effects on rhesus social behavior: phenylalanine-related
      dietary alterations.
AB  - Infant rhesus monkeys were (a) fed a diet high in phenylalanine or (b) fed a diet
      high in p-chlorophenylalanine for the 1st 12 months of life, (c) selected from
      mothers fed a diet high in phenylalanine during pregnancy, (d) fed a diet low in
      phenylalanine, (e) maintained as controls, or (f) maintained as pair-fed
      controls. Tested during the 1st year of life with familiar peers, during the 2nd
      year with unfamiliar stimulus animals and with a movie film, the 3 groups of
      phenylketonuric monkeys showed less play and other positive social behavior and
      more withdrawal and more aggressive behavior than did the 2 control groups. The
      results support learning data suggesting that phenylketonuric monkeys are more
      emotionally reactive.

PMID- 6445843
TI  - Diabetes mellitus induces changes in cardiac myosin of the rat.

PMID- 6445842
TI  - Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on renal ornithine decarboxylase
      activity.
AB  - The effects of streptozotocin(SZ)-induced diabetes on renal ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis,
      were studied. Sixteen hours after the injection of SZ, renal ODC activity
      increased 50% above that of the vehicle-injected controls. The maximum increase
      in activity--600%--was observed from 24 to 72 h after SZ. Within a week, ODC
      activity fell below control levels and remained suppressed during a 3 wk follow
      up period. Insulin treatment within 10 h of the SZ injection prevented the
      increase of ODC activity; however, insulin given after enzyme activity had
      increased did not restore ODC activity to control levels. The early increase of
      ODC activity occurred in the presence of mild hyperglycemia without ketosis or
      hyperglucagonemia, but the levels were much higher in severely diabetic animals.
      Adrenalectomy, performed before the initial increase in enzyme activity,
      prevented the subsequent increase in diabetic animals; however, when
      adrenalectomy was performed after the enzyme had increased, enzyme activity did
      not normalize.

PMID- 6445844
TI  - A longitudinal study of very low-birthweight infants. IV: An overview of
      performance at eight years of age.
AB  - A cohort of 169 very low-birthweight infants (800 to 1500g) was followed
      prospectively to the age of eight years. Information on 159 of the children was
      available at that age, and for a further five to the age of six years. A
      comparison group of 67 normal-birthweight children was also followed, but only 43
      of these children were seen at the age of eight years. Eight of the very low
      birthweight (VLBW) children were attending special schools and 156 attended
      normal schools: placement of the remaining five was unknown. Of the VLBW children
      who were adequately assessed, 15.9 per cent were either not reading or were
      retarded by more than 18 months. Mean VLBW full-scale IQ was 88.8, compared with
      98.8 for the normal-birthweight group. A subgroup of 10 VLBW children with
      birthweights under 1000g had lower mean scores on all three WISC-R scales
      compared with those with birthweights between 1000 and 1500g. Of the adequately
      assessed VLBW children, 3.7 per cent had epilepsy, 3.7 per cent had significant
      sensorineural deafness and 2.4 per cent suffered from cerebral palsy. One or more
      visual defects were detected in 31.4 per cent of the children, though in only 3.8
      per cent was the defect serious. At eight years, growth dimensions for the VLBW
      children were below the 10th percentile for 11.0 per cent in weight, 16.1 per
      cent in height and 15.0 per cent in head circumference. Degrees of handicap in
      the VLBW children were profound in 5.1 per cent, severe in 10.8 per cent and
      significant in 40.5 per cent: handicap was minimal or absent in the remaining
      43.6 per cent. For the normal-birthweight group the percentages were 2.3, 0, 25.6
      and 72.1 respectively. The VLBW children with minimal or no handicap were
      considered to have a satisfactory outcome. This was significantly correlated with
      the following: gestation over 30 weeks; birthweight over 1199g; no major apnoeic
      attacks; lowest postnatal weight before six days; return to birth weight before
      21 days; peak serum bilirubin not exceeding 255 mumol/litre; and parental social
      class between 2 and 5 on the seven-point Congalton Scale.

PMID- 6445845
TI  - Chromosome 21 of man, 22 of the great apes and 16 of the mouse.

PMID- 6445846
TI  - Antitumor effect of neocarzinostatin entrapped in liposomes.
AB  - Antitumor effect against mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was examined on
      Neocarzinostatin (NCS) entrapped in sonicated liposomes (neutral and negatively
      or positively charged forms) in comparison with free NCS. In the intraperitoneal
      inoculation-intraperitoneal medication system, NSC entrapped in negatively
      charged liposomes, which was most unstable in aqueous solution, showed
      statistically significant prolongation of survival days in mice compared to free
      NCS. In contrast, survival days of the animals given NCS entrapped in positively
      charged liposomes were shorter than those of the corresponding groups given free
      NCS. On the other hand in the intraperitoneal inoculation-intravenous medication
      system, survival days were not prolonged markedly by administration of free NCS,
      BUT WHEN NCS was entrapped in positively charged or neutral liposomes,
      prolongation of survival was apparent compared to the corresponding groups given
      free NCS. The most marked effect was seen when NCS was entrapped in positively
      charged liposomes, which show the best stability in aqueous solution.

PMID- 6445847
TI  - Role of uridine phosphorylase for antitumor activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine.
AB  - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) was parenterally and orally effective on
      various transplantable tumors and its activity was better than that of other
      fluorinated pyrimidines. However, like 5-fluorouracil and 2'-deoxy-5
      fluorouridine (FUdR), 5'-DFUR was ineffective on L1210 leukemia resistant to 5
      fluorouracil, suggesting that it would exert its antitumor activity through
      converted 5-fluorouracil. In tissue culture, 5'-DFUR inhibited the growth of
      various tumor cells similarly to ther fluorinated pyrimidines. However, 5'-DFUR
      was unique in that uridine completely reversed its inhibitory effect.
      Enzymological study clarified that uridine inhibited the conversion of 5'-DFUR to
      5-fluorouracil by a uridine phosphorylase, in parallel to its reverse effect on
      cell growth inhibition by 5'-DFUR. Furthermore, a subline of L1210 leukemia
      resistant to 5'-DFUR but not to 5-fluorouracil was found to lack the uridine
      phosphorylase. These results indicate that 5'-DFUR is a depot form of 5
      fluorouracil which can be promptly activated by uridine phosphorylase. In
      addition, the uridine phosphorylase was found to be abundant in sarcoma-180 solid
      tumor, leading to a significantly higher concentration of converted 5
      fluorouracil in this tumor than in other normal tissues. This provides a good
      explanation for the high chemotherapeutic index of 5'-DFUR against this tumor,
      which may be applicable also for other tumors.

PMID- 6445848
TI  - Studies on the etiologic mechanism of anisakiasis. --1. Immunological reactions
      of digestive tract induced by Anisakis larva.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the etiological mechanism of anisakiasis,
      immunological studies were performed using guinea pigs and rabbits. In order to
      carry out these examinations, we used a specific antigen, hemoglobin of Anisakis
      larva. We demonstrate that the etiological mechanism of anisakiasis involves
      anaphylactic reaction as well as Arthus reaction in the digestive tract. Cell
      mediated immune reaction also have to consider the relation of establishment of
      allergic condition in experimental anisakiasis. These results suggest that the
      three types allergic reaction may play the main role in clinical symptomes of
      human anisakiasis.

PMID- 6445849
TI  - Complication of laparoscopy in Japan.
AB  - Trends of examinees and complications of laparoscopy were examined by a
      questionaire sent to all representative institutions in Japan. As a conclusion,
      the rate of complication by this examination was 10 times higher, while its
      mortality was 25 times higher, as compared with gastroenterological endoscopic
      examination. This article may indicate the present status of laparoscopy in
      Japan.

PMID- 6445850
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is not the primary mediator of the
      enterogastrone action of fat in the dog.
AB  - We compared the inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion and changes
      in serum concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide and
      gastrin caused by: (a) duodenal perfusion of oleic acid, and (b) intravenous
      infusion of pure, natural, porcine gastric inhibitory, polypeptide in dogs with
      gastric fistula and pancreatic fistula. A rate of duodenal perfusion of oleic
      acid (12 ml/hr) which gave near maximal pancreatic protein response was chosen.
      This dose of oleic acid caused complete suppression of acid response to a meal of
      liver extract (300 ml of a 15% solution) while elevating serum immunoreactive
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide modestly. By contrast, intravenous administration
      of gastric inhibitory polypeptide that raised serum immunoreactive gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide several fold caused only 40% inhibition of acid response
      to the same meal. Other effects of duodenal perfusion of oleic acid were
      exaggeration of pancreatic protein secretion and significant inhibition of
      gastrin release in response to the meal. Exogenous administration of gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide, on the other hand, was without significant effect on
      these responses. These results suggest that, in the innervated dog stomach, the
      enterogastrone action of fat is not primarily mediated by gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6445851
TI  - [Modern hygienic aspects of occupational allergy of chemical origin].

PMID- 6445852
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the protein of a protein-vitamin concentrate in
      the air and sewage].

PMID- 6445853
TI  - [Hygienic problems of effluent-free technology in the cellulose and paper
      industry].

PMID- 6445854
TI  - [Modern indices of the physical development of plant workers].

PMID- 6445855
TI  - [Industrial hygiene in the construction of the Nurek hydroelectric station].

PMID- 6445856
TI  - [Sensitizing action of precious metal compounds: gold, platinum, ruthenium,
      rhodium and silver].

PMID- 6445857
TI  - Short-term action of streptozotocin on biochemical activity and morphology of the
      rat liver golgi apparatus.
AB  - After six hours, the diabetogenic dose of streptozotocin has neither induced the
      release of hepatocyte cytoplasmic enzyme nor visibly injured the hepatocyte. As a
      rule, however, these doses of streptozotocin induced various responses in
      individual rat livers. Morphological studies have shown hypertrophy of the rat
      liver Golgi apparatus, higher numbers of secretory vacuoles and dilated
      cisternae. After this time liver Golgi-rich fractions revealed increased total
      liver galactosyl transferase activity and higher level but unaltered
      electrophoretical patterns of protein.

PMID- 6445858
TI  - Long-term perturbation of pyridine nucleotides in rat liver.

PMID- 6445859
TI  - Increase of mono(ADP-ribose) protein conjugate levels in rat liver induced by
      nicotinamide administration.
AB  - Protein-bound mono(ADP-ribose) residues were quantitated in the livers of
      nicotinamide-treated and control rats. Nicotinamide administration led to a rise
      in NAD+ (2.5-fold) and in protein-bound mono (ADP-ribose) residues (1.5-fold).
      This increase was higher in the NH2OH-sensitive mono(ADP-ribose) protein
      conjugates than in the NH2OH-resistant subfraction. NADH, NADP and NADPH levels
      did not change significantly under these conditions. The findings show that
      nicotinamide induced an increased ADP ribosylation of new acceptor sites, and not
      merely an elongation of pre-existing (ADP-ribose)n chains. A correlation of the
      NAD+ concentration and the extent of post-synthetic modification of nuclear
      proteins by mono(ADP-ribose) residues was not restricted to nicotinamide-induced
      changes. It was also seen in various tissues with widely differing NAD+ levels.

PMID- 6445860
TI  - Mesiodistal crown size dimensions of permanent and deciduous teeth in Down
      syndrome.

PMID- 6445861
TI  - Suppressive mechanisms involving sensitization and tolerance in contact allergy.

PMID- 6445862
TI  - Unresponsiveness to modified self antigens - a censorship mechanism controlling
      autoimmunity?

PMID- 6445863
TI  - Suppressor cells and the handling of antigen.

PMID- 6445864
TI  - Use of hapten-altered self moieties to probe the cell-mediated lympholytic
      response and immunotolerance interface.

PMID- 6445865
TI  - Haptens bound to self IgG induce immunologic tolerance, while when coupled to
      syngeneic spleen cells they induce immune suppression.

PMID- 6445866
TI  - The induction of suppressor cells in mixed leucocyte cultures and in mixed
      leucocyte-non-lymphoid cell cultures.
AB  - X-ray resistant porcine suppressor T cells expressing Ia-like antigens were
      obtained from mixed cultures of leucocytes and tissue cells (cultured kidney
      cells, liver cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts or X-irradiated leucocytes),
      and were assayed by their ability to suppress lymphocyte proliferation in a
      second mixed culture. All tissues tested induced suppressor cells although
      quantitative differences existed between them. Suppressor cell induction was
      under genetic control by at least two loci, one of which was within the major
      histocompatibility (MHC) complex. Suppressor cell function was restricted by the
      MHC type of the responding cell but not the stimulating cell in the second
      culture.

PMID- 6445867
TI  - Quantitative studies of natural immunity to solid tumours in rats. Persistence of
      natural immunity throughout reproductive life, and absence of suppressor cells in
      infant rats.
AB  - Consideration of cell-mediated cytotoxicity as an enzyme-substrate reaction
      provided a theoretical and practical basis for the quantification of natural
      immunity to solid tumours. The natural cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from
      normal rats towards cultured target cells from solid tumours, measured in a 6 h
      chromium release assay, developed between 2 and 5 weeks after birth and, in
      contrast to previous reports of natural cytotoxicity against lymphoid tumour
      cells, showed no sign of decline up till at least 22 months of age. Both virgin
      and breeder (multiparous) females showed equally good maintenance of natural
      immunity, and the apparent specificity of this natural immunity on a panel of
      four target cells did not change between 8 weeks and 18 months of age. The low
      level of natural immunity in infant spleen, and also in adult lymph nodes and
      thymus, was not caused by suppressor cells but rather by an absence of
      appropriate effector cells.

PMID- 6445868
TI  - Regulatory T-cell subpopulations in pregnancy. II. Evidence for suppressive
      activity of the late phase of MLR.
AB  - Adding mitomycin-treated spleen cells from an allopregnant mouse to a material
      strain cells v. paternal-strain cells MLR was previously shown to decrease the
      intensity of the reaction, due to suppressor T cells. In the present study,
      spleen cells from allogeneically pregnant mice, were added without treatment at
      day 2 of an MLR of maternal strain responder cells raised against paternal-strain
      stimulators. It was shown that, while, on 2 day duration culture versus the same
      stimulator cells these cells are hyper-reactive compared to controls, yet they
      lead to a MLR of lower intensity than when the same operation was performed with
      control cells. This suppressive effect is T-cell dependent and use of high
      dilutions of anti-Thy 1+C suggests that the suppressor cell has a high density of
      Thy 1 surface antigen. Involvement of these cells in negative regulation of the
      late phase of the MLR is suggested. MLRs with cells from allopregnant mice as
      responders were themselves susceptible to this suppression and even more so than
      cells from virgin mice, indicating a possible physiological role.

PMID- 6445869
TI  - Suppression of T-cell responses to histocompatibility antigens by BCG pre
      treatment.
AB  - The injection of 3 mg BCG into C57Bl/6 mice was followed 14 days later by a
      decrease in reactivity of spleen cells when engaged in mixed-lymphocyte reactions
      or in graft-versus-host reactions. In vitro, the lack of reactivity was due to an
      active suppression exerted mainly by the adherent population. In vivo, it was not
      possible to demonstrate active suppression.

PMID- 6445871
TI  - Fractionation of human lymphocytes with plant lectins. III. Identification of
      cells regulating the in vitro response to L-phytohaemagglutinin.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were separated into two subclasses by
      differential adherence to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). WGA-adherent PBL differed
      structurally (different WGA-binding properties) and functionally from WGA-non
      adherent cells. As judged by [3H]-thymidine incorporation, WGA-adherent PBL
      responded less well to L-phytohaemagglutinin (L-PHA) than non-adherent cells.
      This difference was not due to different L-PHA dose requirements or different
      response kinetics. WGA-adherent and non-adherent PBL bound identical amounts of
      125I-L-PHA and contained comparable percentages of T cells, B cells, and
      monocytes. Addition of mitomycin-C-pre-treated WGA-adherent cells to non-adherent
      cells caused suppression of the L-PHA response. Maximal suppression occurred at a
      ratio of 1 adherent:2 non-adherent cells and on days 5-7 of culture. Under these
      conditions the adherent cells themselves did not proliferate indicating that
      active proliferation was not required for inhibition. Suppression was selective
      for L-PHA as it did not occur in cultures stimulated with concanavalin A,
      pokeweed mitogen, Lens culinaris lectin, or in the mixed leucocyte reaction. Cell
      fractionation techniques indicated that plastic adherent cells (presumably
      monocytes) in the WGA-adherent subclass were critical for mediation of
      suppression; These data provide evidence for a specific human suppressor cell of
      the in vitro response to L-PHA.

PMID- 6445870
TI  - Anti-erythrocyte autoantibody production in mice associated with the injection of
      rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Mice injected with rat erythrocytes developed anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies
      which reached a plateau at 4-12 weeks, then gradually declined until at about 24
      weeks the majority of mice were negative. In such recovered mice re-challenge
      with rat erythrocytes produced an accelerated peak of autoantibody and a much
      more rapid return to a Coombs' negative state. The auto-antibody response was
      distinguished from the anti-rat response in being more radio-sensitive. Purified
      autoantibody reacted to higher titre with rat than with syngeneic erythrocytes.
      Lymphoid cells, from mice given rat erythrocytes (but not sheep, rabbit or guinea
      pig erythrocytes) transferred to normal syngeneic recipients given rat
      erythrocytes suppressed autoantibody production in the recipients. This
      suppression was much more effective against the autoantibody response than
      against the response to the inducing cross-reactive antigen; and the degree of
      suppression was related to the number of cells transferred and to their time of
      administration relative to the injection of rat erythrocytes. The induction of
      autoantibody and the generation of suppressor cells in donor animals was
      unaffected by adult thymectomy. A comparison of the effect of anti-rat
      erythrocyte antibodies and spleen cells from rat-immunized donors on recipients
      responses to rat erythrocytes revealed that whereas anti-rat antibodies
      suppressed both the autoantibody and the anti-rat responses, the spleen cells
      suppressed only the autoantibody response. Populations of spleen cells, from rat
      immunized donors, depleted of B cells retained their suppressive activity,
      whereas the suppressive efficacy of T-cell depleted populations was reduced but
      not abolished. It is suggested that T cells can specifically interfere with
      thesponse of autoreactive B cells, although non-T cells (possibly B cells acting
      by an antibody-feedback mechanism) can also suppress their response.

PMID- 6445872
TI  - An immunosuppressive factor in the serum of baboons (Papio anubis) infected with
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Serum taken from baboons infected with Schistosoma mansoni was able to suppress
      in vitro reactivity of normal baboon lymphocytes. The concanavalin A response was
      significantly suppressed by such serum, whereas the specific suppression of the
      phytohaemagglutinin response was minimal. Serum from S. mansoni infected donors
      also depressed the mixed lymphocyte reactions to xenogeneic targets, but did not
      affect the specific transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with a parasite Ag.
      Significant suppressive activity occurred in the baboon serum from 4 to 11 weeks
      after the initial infection. Serum from animals with a chronic infection of 6-42
      months, did not suppress in vitro cell-mediated immunity. The suppressive factor
      was heat-stable, non-dialysable and, following ultracentrifugation of the
      suppressive serum, was found to be present in the high mol. wt fraction. From
      these studies, it is suggested that the immunosuppressive factors are immune
      complexes, which appear in the serum of the baboons following their infection
      with this blood parasite.

PMID- 6445873
TI  - Concanavalin A induced human suppressor cells.

PMID- 6445874
TI  - Changes in tissue alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in renal hypertension in
      the rat.
AB  - Myocardial membranes prepared from renal hypertensive rats contained reduced
      concentrations of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in
      alpha-receptor concentration measured by [3H]-dihydroergocryptine binding was
      from 80 +/- 6 (SEM) to 52 +/- 2 fmol/mg. Beta-receptor concentration measured by
      125I-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding also decreased by about half from 80 +/-
      16 to 41 +/- 9 fmol/mg. The affinities of the receptors were unchanged. There was
      no change in either concentration or affinity of beta receptors in membranes
      prepared from the lungs or kidneys of these hypertensive rats. There results
      demonstrate that the observed receptor changes are tissue-specific. Cardiac
      adrenergic receptor alterations are therefore not part of a generalized
      adrenergic receptor decrease associated with elevated circulating plasma
      catecholamine concentrations, but probably reflect a specific increase in cardiac
      sympathetic drive.

PMID- 6445875
TI  - Effect of converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ14,225) on myocardial hypertrophy in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The potent converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) SQ14,225, which is known to prevent
      the formation of angiotensin II (AII) has been used to evaluate the role of AII
      in the development and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy. The present study
      describes the effect of CEI on blood pressure (BP) and myocardial hypertrophy
      (prevention and reversal) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). A group of
      3-week- and 8-week-old male SHR was treated with CEI (30 mg/kg in drinking water)
      for 6 weeks. An additional group of SHR was also treated with a combination of
      CEI and a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, 500 mg/liter). Heart weight, BP,
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), hydroxyproline, myocardial
      catecholamines, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined. In the
      prevention study, we found a significant reduction in the ratio of heart weight
      to body weight along with the prevention of hypertension (200 vs 145 mm Hg, p
      less than 0.001). Similar reductions in BP and heart weights were obtained with
      the reversal group. A better BP control was noted in the CEI and
      hydrochlorothiazide group. The reduction of heart weight was associated with a
      reduction in RNA and hydroxyproline content. In all groups, we found a
      significant increase in PRA (p less than 0.001) and a slight increase in tissue
      catecholamine concentration. No change in kidney weight was found in any group.
      Data clearly showed that oral administration of CEI prevented and reversed
      cardiac hypertrophy in SHR. Reversal was associated with a decrease in myocardial
      collagen content. These data indicate that prevention of AII formation in
      combination with BP control can prevent and reverse cardiac hypertrophy in SHR.
      Of course, whether or not CEI acts only through the renin angiotension system is
      still speculative.

PMID- 6445876
TI  - Iron acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis in vitro.
AB  - Assays employing iron-limited solid and liquid, defined and complex media were
      devised to test the iron requirements of Neisseria meningitidis. A variety of
      tests yielded no evidence for the secretion of a soluble iron-binding substance
      (siderophore) by the meningococci. The meningococci were unable to use iron bound
      to some common hydroxamate- and catechol-type siderophores or even compete with
      them for iron in the growth medium. A total of 20 strains of meningococci,
      differing widely in their virulence for mice, were similar in ability to acquire
      iron from a variety of iron-containing substances; the iron in such compounds as
      hog gastric mucin, citrate, hemoglobin, and myoglobin was easily acquired,
      whereas the iron in compounds such as ferrioxamine B, ferrichrome,ferritin,
      Imferon, cytochrome c, FePO4, and [Fe(OH)3]n was not readily available. No
      correlation was noted between the ability of particular strains to obtain iron
      from compounds and virulence in mice. Iron complexed or chelated with a number of
      metabolic organic acids, polyphosphates, and several synthetic polycarboxylic
      acids was readily available to all strains, even though some of the compounds
      used had high effective binding constants for iron and all were in 3- or 10-fold
      molar excess over the iron present. The addition of some of these iron-complexing
      substances (e.g., citrate and pyrophosphate) in iron-free form made many
      biologically important iron compounds that are normally inaccessible to the
      meningococci readily available.

PMID- 6445877
TI  - Bacteriostatic enterochelin-specific immunoglobulin from normal human serum.
AB  - Heat-inactivated normal human serum produces iron-reversible bacteriostasis of a
      number of microorganisms. This inhibitory effect was abolished by adsorption of
      serum with ultraviolet-killed cells of species that produce the siderophore
      enterochelin. Bacteriostasis also was alleviated by adsorption of serum with 2,3
      dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine, a degradation product of enterochelin, bound to the
      insoluble matrix AH-Sepharose 4B. The adsorption process did not add iron or
      enterochelin to serum, nor did it remove transferrin. The immunoglobulin fraction
      from normal human serum was isolated; when added to a defined medium (M199)
      prepared so as to mimic normal human serum, the immunoglobulin rendered the
      medium inhibitory to an enterochelin-defective strain of Salmonella typhimurium.
      Adsorption of this medium with AH-Sepharose 4B-2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine
      removed the inhibition. Our results indicate that enterochelin-specific
      immunoglobulins exist in normal human serum. These immunoglobulins may act
      synergistically with transferrin to effect bacteriostasis of enterochelin
      producing pathogens.

PMID- 6445878
TI  - Genetic mapping in phage group 2 Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Two regimens for transformation have been devised for the phage group 2 strains
      UT0002-19 and UT0017 of Staphylococcus aureus. Strain UT0002-19 produces
      exfoliative toxin, which is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the
      staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, whereas strain UT0017 does not produce
      exfoliative toxin. A large pool of antibiotic-resistant and auxotrophic mutants
      from strains UT0002-19 and UT0017 were isolated by using (i) antibiotic gradient
      plates, (ii) trimethoprim selection, and (iii) nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis,
      which sometimes was coupled by enrichment with penicillin or methicillin.
      Transformation frequencies of genetic markers in mutant strains ranged from 10(
      6) to 10(-8). Three genetic linkage groups were identified on the strain UT0017
      chromosome. The first linkage group was thy-4-lys-5-trp-21-thr-4, the second was
      pyr-26-nov-9-his-3, and the third consisted of ilv-9 and pen-1, a genetic
      determinant for beta-lactamase synthesis. Two linkage groups were detected on the
      strain UT0002-19 CHROMOSOMe. The first was defined as thy-1-lys-5-trp-3-thr-4-ala
      8, whereas the second consisted of nov-9 and his-3 markers. A chromosomal locus
      that controlled synthesis of exfoliative toxin could not be mapped.

PMID- 6445879
TI  - Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: in vivo reversion of a low-virulence mutant
      results in partial displacement and pathogenesis.
AB  - A mutant of Streptococcus mutans 6715 wild type (WT), designated C4, has been
      shown previously to be defective in glucosyltransferase synthesis of insoluble
      glucan and to have low virulence in monoassociated gnotobiotic rats. The present
      investigation was concerned with the detection of WT-like variants of C4 in
      monoassociated rats, the supplantation of C4 by these WT-like organisms, and
      finally, the pathogenic potential of these WT-like organisms in gnotobiotic rats.
      In the first series of longitudinal studies with C4-monoassociated rats, WT-like
      organisms were detected at a low frequency (0.001%) in oral swab samples from
      only one of four cages of animals analyzed on day 7 after infection (age 27
      days). The frequency of variants isolated from animals in the one cage increased,
      and by age 45 days these organisms represented approximately 1% of the mandibular
      plaque flora. After random redistribution of rats in the four cages (age 45
      days), microbial analysis of oral swab samples (age 60 days) demonstrated the
      presence of variants in samples taken from rats in all four cages. The frequency
      of recoverable variants increased in older animals (age 90 days) and correlated
      with high caries activity. WT-like organisms were transmissible, since offspring
      (age 45 days) from these animals had high levels of variants as well as high
      caries activity. Similar results were obtained in a second longitudinal study;
      however, variants, although present in all four cages, were not detected until
      rats were 45 days old. All variant isolates exhibited morphological, biochemical,
      and in vivo virulence characteristics more similar to S. mutans 6715 WT than to
      C4. In vitro mixing experiments with C4 and either WT or a selected variant
      suggested that C4 was rapidly displaced by WT organisms. The results of this
      investigation demonstrate that the glucosyltransferase-defective, low-virulence
      C4 reverts to virulent WT-like organisms in vivo which compete more favorably for
      smooth surfaces than C4. Subsequently, these variants reached significant numbers
      in plaque which correlated with increased dental caries.

PMID- 6445880
TI  - Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: restoration of pathogenesis of a
      glucosyltransferase-defective mutant (C4).
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a mutant (designated C4) of Streptococcus mutans
      6715 wild type (WT) is defective in glucosyltransferase (GTF)-synthesized
      insoluble glucan and is avirulent in gnotobiotic rats. This study investigated
      the factors which would render this mutant virulent in gnotobiotic rats.
      Microbial analysis of plaque from gnotobiotic rats (45 days old) infected with a
      mixture of C4 and virulent S. mutans PS-14 (approximately 15,000 C4 organisms to
      each S. mutans PS-14) yielded higher numbers of C4 organisms than S. mutans PS
      14. These animals exhibited significantly lower caries scores than did
      gnotobiotic rats (age, 45 days) monoassociated with S. mutans PS-14. Similar
      mixed infection studies using C4 and an avirulent, aggregation-defective mutant
      of S. mutans 6715 WT (designated UAB 165) which exhibits GTF activity similar to
      that of the parent strain resulted in plaque consisting almost exclusively of UAB
      165 and low caries activity. However, high levels of both C4 and UAB 165 in
      plaque and high caries activity were observed in gnotobiotic rats infected at
      weaning with C4 followed by UAB 165 3 days later. When dried S. mutans 6715 WT
      culture supernatant containing GTF activity was mixed with diet provided rats
      monoassociated with C4, significant caries activity was observed. Insoluble
      glucan supplemented in diet did not restore C4 to virulence; however, admixture
      of suboptimal GTF-rich supernatant with insoluble glucan and C4 resulted in high
      caries activity in gnotobiotic rats. These results suggest that in vivo
      restoration of pathogenesis of a GTF-defective mutant of S. mutans can be
      achieved either by complementation with a mutant defective in aggregation
      properties or by providing exogenous GTF and glucan from the parent S. mutans
      6715 WT.

PMID- 6445881
TI  - Isolation of enterochelin from the peritoneal washings of guinea pigs lethally
      infected with Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli secretes enterochelin while infecting normal guinea pigs. Since
      production of enterochelin is a well-characterized response to an iron-restricted
      environment, this work establishes that host iron-binding proteins do indeed
      influence the metabolism of the invading organism.

PMID- 6445882
TI  - Radiosensitivity of non-primed and primed human T cells in vitro.
AB  - Primary and secondary proliferative responses to hapten (TNP)-modified autologous
      cells as well as to allogeneic cells, antigen (purified protein derivative) and
      mitogens were used for in vitro studies of the radiosensitivity of human T cells.
      To be able to compare data obtained from the various assay systems, optimal
      responding/stimulating cell ratios were used and the post-irradiation period kept
      constant. With these precautions, no difference in radiosensitivity of the
      various T cell responses could be found whether they were induced by mitogen,
      antigen, allogeneic cells or TNP-modified autologous cells. Neither could, on a
      per-cell basis, any difference in radiosensitivity between primed and non-primed
      cells be detected. At 400 rad, about 10% of the response was recovered in either
      case. The immunocompetence of the T cells surviving irradiation, as estimated by
      the ability to give a TNP-specific response, was not impaired.

PMID- 6445883
TI  - Narcissism and the development of chronic pain.
AB  - Thirteen patients were selected for study from a population of patients
      undergoing routine psychiatric evaluation in a Pain Clinic. These patients
      demonstrated consistent character traits (traits typically seen in the
      narcissistic personality) and appeared to be vulnerable to the development of a
      chronic pain syndrome. The psychological characteristics of these patients are
      discussed and compared with a control group of patients with chronic pain. The
      development aspects of the syndrome are emphasized. Implications for treatment
      are suggested from the clinical material.

PMID- 6445884
TI  - Down's syndrome and hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6445885
TI  - A specialized service for handicapped children.

PMID- 6445886
TI  - Identification of the nuclear antigen involved in mercury-induced glomerulopathy
      in the rat.
AB  - Low doses of inorganic mercury may cause an immune complex glomerulopathy in man
      and in experimental animals. In the PVG/C rat this mercury-induced glomerulopathy
      coincides with the occurrence of anti-nuclear antibodies in the serum. The same
      anti-nuclear activity can be demonstrated in the acid-eluted glomerular immune
      deposits. The characterization of the pathogenic nuclear antigen, to which these
      antibodies are induced, is the subject of this study. The effect of acid,
      fixatives, nucleases and proteases on indirect immunofluorescence of anti-nuclear
      antisera and IgG purified from these sera is studied, combined with absorption
      with several nuclear constituents and specific antigen blocking by Concanavalin
      A. The results show that the nuclear antigen involved is part of the nonhistone
      chromatin protein fraction.

PMID- 6445887
TI  - Mixed venous CO2 tension during exercise.
AB  - A series of experiments was undertaken in a total of 95 adult subjects, of whom
      25 had coronary artery disease, to evaluate the extrapolation (Defares) CO2
      rebreathing method vs. the equilibrium (Collier) method for estimating mixed
      venous CO2 tension. Collier values were corrected for the downstream effect,
      whereas Defares values were uncorrected. Although the methods gave similar mean
      values in separate series with normal subjects walking on a treadmill set at 123
      W for 3 min, Collier values had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.5% in
      duplicate determinations and Defares values had a CV of 4.5%. In paired
      comparisons Defares values averaged either higher or lower than Collier values
      depending on variations in technique and the analysis of Defares tracings.
      Collier values were essentially unaffected by the duration of the rebreathing
      period (10 vs. 15 s). The Collier technique appears to be superior for the
      exercise evaluation of cardiac output in healthy and diseased subjects when the
      goal is obtain values at 82 or 123 W in single test sessions.

PMID- 6445888
TI  - Gapeworm infection of domestic cats in Puerto Rico.
AB  - In a survey of 40 adult cats in Puerto Rico, 13 (33%) were found to be infected
      with the gapeworm Synagamus (Mammomonogamus) ierei. Direct fecal smear and
      necropsy were the methods used to detect the infection. Fourteen adult worm pairs
      were collected in one cat; the average was four. Histologically, evidence of
      chronic inflammation was observed in the nasopharynx of infected cats. The
      parasite occurs widely in the Caribbean region. It was concluded that the
      similarity of the gapeworm egg with those of hookworms and the recondite location
      of the adult gapeworm probably explain the lack of reports on the infection.

PMID- 6445889
TI  - Isolation of a non-protein component and a protein component from
      neocarzinostatin (NCS) and their biological activities.

PMID- 6445890
TI  - Naphthalenecarboxylic acid from neocarzinostatin (NCS).

PMID- 6445891
TI  - Inversion induced by temperature bacteriophage mu-1 in the chromosome of
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Induction of the Mu prophage of a lysogenic HfrP4X strongly stimulates the early
      transfer of the purE gene, which is located far from the origin of transfer. By
      using a rec- Mu cts62 X lysogenic donor, it was established that this process
      reflects the inversion of the origin of transfer in part of the Hfr population.
      Hfr's with inverted polarity of gene transfer were isolated; their analysis
      suggests that two Mu genomes in opposite orientation surround the inverted DNA
      fragment. Due to the presence of the Mu genome of the invertible G segment,
      homologous regions in the same orientation can appear in Mu genomes in opposite
      orientation. In a Rec+ background, Hfr's with inverted polarity (i) return to
      their original polarity of transfer by recomination between the two inverted Mu
      and (ii) produce new F' strains by recombination between the two similarly
      oriented G segments.

PMID- 6445892
TI  - Lambda receptor in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli as a binding protein
      for maltodextrins and starch polysaccharides.
AB  - The starch polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin are not utilized by
      Escherichia coli, but are bound by the bacteria. The following evidence supports
      the view that the outer membrane lambda receptor protein, a component of the
      maltose/ maltodextrin transport system is responsible for the binding. (i)
      Amylose and amylopectin both inhibit the transport of maltose into E. coli. (ii)
      Both polysaccharides prevent binding of non-utilizable maltodextrins by the
      intact bacterium, a process previously shown to be dependent on components of the
      maltose transport system (T. Ferenci, Eur. J. Biochem., in press). (iii) A
      fluorescent amylopectin derivative, O-(fluoresceinyl thiocarbamoyl)-amylopectin,
      has been synthesized and shown to bind to E. coli in a reversible, saturable
      manner. Binding of O-(fluoresceinyl thiocarbamoyl)-amylopectin is absent in
      mutants lacking the lambda receptor, but mutations in any of the other components
      of the maltose transport system do not affect binding as long as lambda receptor
      is present. (iv) Using the inhibition of lambda receptor-dependent O
      (fluoresceinyl thiocarbamoyl)-amylopectin binding as an assay, the affinities of
      the lambda receptor for maltodextrins and other sugars have been estimated. The
      affinity for dextrins increases with increasing degree of polymerization (K(d)
      for maltose, 14 mM; for maltotetraose, 0.3 mM; for maltodecaose, 0.075 mM).
      Maltose and some other di- and trisaccharides are inhibitory to amylopectin
      binding, but only at concentrations above 1 mM.

PMID- 6445893
TI  - Effect of hexoses on the levels of pyruvate decarboxylase in Mucor rouxii.
AB  - Pyruvate decarboxylase activity in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii increased 25
      to 35-fold in yeastlike and mycelial cells grown in the presence of glucose as
      compared to the activity observed in mycelial cultures grown in the absence of
      glucose.

PMID- 6445894
TI  - Pyridine nucleotide cycle of Salmonella typhimurium: in vivo recycling of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - The relative contribution of the two known pyridine nucleotide cycles of
      Salmonella typhimurium towards the intracellular recycling of nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide was determined. The results indicate that intracellular
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is recycled by both the four-membered pyridine
      nucleotide cycle (PNC IV) and the six-membered pyridine nucleotide cycle (PNC VI)
      with a relative contribution of 60 to 69% and 31 to 40%, respectively. These
      studies also revealed a nicotinic acid mononucleotide-degradative activity which
      converts nicotinic acid mononucleotide to nicotinic acid. This represents the
      first demonstration of a functional PNC IV pathway in S. typhimurium.

PMID- 6445895
TI  - Fructose transport in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - A specific fructose uptake system (Km = 0.4 mM) appeared in Neurospora crassa
      when glucose-grown mycelia were starved. Fructose uptake had kinetics different
      from those of intramycelial fructose phosphorylation, and uptake appeared to be
      carrier mediated. The only sugar which competitively inhibited fructose uptake
      was L-sorbose (Ki = 9 mM). Glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, mannose, and 3-O-methyl
      glucose were noncompetitive inhibitors of fructose uptake. Incubation of glucose
      grown mycelia with glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, or mannose prevented derepression of
      the fructose transport system, whereas incubation with 3-O-methyl glucose caused
      the appearance of five times as much fructose uptake activity as did starvation
      conditions.

PMID- 6445896
TI  - Interaction of Escherichia coli adenosine triphosphatase with aurovertin and
      citreoviridin: inhibition and fluorescence studies.
AB  - Aurovertins B and D inhibited the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of
      soluble Escherichia coli coupling factor ATPase (BF1) isolated from wile-type E.
      coli K-12. Half inhibition was obtained with 2 microns aurovertin B and 0.9
      microns aurovertin D. Aurovertins B and D had no inhibitory effect on BF1
      isolated from the aurovertin-resistant E. coli mutant MA12. Acetylation or
      saponification of aurovertin D yielded a derivative which was devoid of
      inhibitory effect on BF1. Citreoviridin also inhibited wild-type BF1 but with
      much less efficiency (half inhibition at 60 microns) than aurovertin.
      Citreoviridin had no effect on the aurovertin-resistant BF1. The fluorescence
      intensity of aurovertins B and D was markedly enhanced upon addition to purified
      BF1. There was no enhancement of fluorescence when the aurovertins were added to
      BF1 isolated from the aurovertin-resistant mutant. The fluorescence of the
      aurovertin-BF1 complex was enhanced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate and by low
      concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The adenosine 5'-diphosphate
      enhanced fluorescence of the aurovertin-BF1 complex was quenched by high
      concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate or by MG2+. Aurovertin bound
      selectively to the beta subunit of BF1 isolated from wile-type cells. By
      complementation assays in vitro, using a reconstituted system made of subunits
      isolated from wild-type and aurovertin-resistant BF1, it was shown that the
      altered peptide in aurovertin-resistant BF1 was the beta subunit.

PMID- 6445897
TI  - Dissociation of tsl-tif-induced filamentation and recA protein synthesis in
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - In Escherichia coli, expression of the tif-1 mutation (in the recA gene) induces
      the "SOS response" at 40 degrees C, including massive synthesis of the recA(tif)
      protein, cell filamentation, appearance of new repair and mutagenic activities,
      and prophage induction. Expression of the tsl-1 mutation (in the lexA gene)
      induces massive synthesis of the recA protein and cell filamentation at 42
      degrees C, although other SOS functions are not induced. In this paper we show
      that the septation inhibition induced in tif and tsl strains at 42 degrees C is
      not due to the presence of a high concentration of recA protein since (i) no recA
      mutants (</=10(-8)) were isolated among thermoresistant nonfilamenting revertants
      of a tif-1 tsl-1 strain, (ii) in a tsl-1 zab-53 strain, only the low basal level
      of recA protein was synthesized at 42 degrees C, yet cell division was inhibited,
      and (iii) in a tsl-1 recA99 (amber) strain, no recA protein could be detected at
      42 degrees C, yet cell division was inhibited. Among suppressors of tsl-tif
      induced lethality are mutations at a locus which we call infB, located in the 66-
      to 83-min region. The infB1 mutation confers a highly pleiotropic phenotype,
      which is suggestive of a regulatory defect; it suppressed tsl-tif-induced
      filamentation but not recA protein synthesis, it did not suppress ultraviolet
      induced filamentation (in a lon derivative), and it reduced but did not abolish
      tif-mediated induction of lambda prophage and bacterial mutagenesis. The
      dissociation of tsl-tif-induced septation inhibition and recA protein synthesis
      in the tif-1 tsl-1 infB1 strain suggests that the control of SOS filamentation
      may not be strictly identical to the control of recA protein synthesis.

PMID- 6445898
TI  - Basic amino acids and inorganic polyphosphates in Neurospora crassa: independent
      regulation of vacuolar pools.
AB  - At least 78%, and perhaps all, of inorganic polyphosphate is shown to be
      contained within the vesicles (vacuoles) of Neurospora crassa, where over 97% of
      the soluble arginine, lysine, and ornithine pools are known to accumulate.
      Furthermore, synthetic polyphosphate can concentrate arginine up to 400-fold from
      dilute (0.01 mM) solutions in equilibrium dialysis. For these reasons and because
      the molar ratio of basic amino acids and polyphosphate phosphorus is
      approximately 1, we tested the hypothesis that there was an obligate
      physiological relationship between them. Experiments in which nitrogen starvation
      and arginine excess were imposed upon cells showed that polyphosphate content was
      insensitive to changes in the basic amino acid content. Experiments involving
      phosphate starvation and restoration showed that basic amino acid content was
      almost wholly independent of polyphosphate pools. Moreover, the normal high
      degree of compartmentation of arginine in vesicles was maintained despite
      polyphosphate depletion, and arginine was still exchanged across the vesicular
      membrane. We conclude that N. crassa, like yeasts, can regulate polyphosphates
      and basic amino acids independently, and that the accumulation of basic amino
      acids in vesicles may depend upon an energy-requiring mechanism in addition to
      the demonstrated charge interaction with polyphosphate.

PMID- 6445900
TI  - Clinical evaluation of amantadine and haloperidol in Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 6445899
TI  - Construction and characterization of Escherichia coli polA-lacZ gene fusions.
AB  - The promoter of the polA gene of Escherichia coli K-12 was fused to the lacZ gene
      by selecting deletions within a lambda lacZ polA transducing phage. Four fusions,
      deleting varying amounts of the polA gene, were characterized. The polA promoter
      was found to be approximately 3% as active as the fully induced lac promoter.
      This figure is compatible with the normal intracellular level of deoxyribonucleic
      acid polymerase I. No evidence was found for outogenous regulation of
      transcription from the polA promoter. Expression from this promoter was
      influenced by neither recA nor mitomycin C, but uvrD and uvrE mutations reduced
      expression slightly.

PMID- 6445901
TI  - Brain fibroblast growth factor: nonidentity with myelin basic protein fragments.
AB  - Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) from bovine brain has been reported to be a family
      of three polypeptide fragments derived by limited proteolysis from myelin basic
      protein (MBP) (Westall, F. C., Lennon, V. A., and Gosopodarowicz, D. (1978) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75, 4675-4678). However, fragments of sequence similar
      to the proposed active ones, generated from bovine MBP by acid proteases, are
      inactive in stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Further,
      the principal active component of the brain FGF preparation (Gospodarowicz, D.,
      Bialecki, H., and Greenburg, G. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 3736-3743) which can
      be recovered in high yield from isoelectric focusing in sucrose has a pI between
      4.8 and 5.8 in contradistinction to the MBP fragments (pI approximately 10) and
      is not retained on a column of chicken anti-bovine MBP-Sepharose. Therefore,
      although the reported preparation of brain FGF gives an increase in activity
      units/mg of protein of about 1000-fold over the crude brain extract, the main
      protein components, the MBP fragments, do not possess the mitogenic activity.
      Additional purification of as much as 50- to 100-fold may be required to obtain a
      homogeneous preparation of the real brain FGF.

PMID- 6445902
TI  - Biosynthesis of lipoidal derivatives of pregnenolone and dehydroisoandrosterone
      by the adrenal.
AB  - The incubation of pregnenolone or dehydroisoandrosterone with bovine or rat
      adrenal homogenates leads to the formation of nonpolar metabolites of these
      steroids. The enzymatically prepared compounds have properties that are similar
      to the endogenous lipoidal derivatives of pregnenolone found in bovine adrenals
      (Hochberg, R. B., Bandy, L., Ponticorvo, L., and Lieberman, S. (1977) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 941-945) in that they are much less polar than the parent
      steroid and yield the parent steroid as a product of treatment with alkali. The
      lipoidal derivatives of both dehydroisoandrosterone and pregnenolone proved to be
      chromatographically heterogeneous. 17 alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, and testosterone were not converted into
      lipoidal derivatives when incubated with the bovine adrenal homogenate.

PMID- 6445903
TI  - Demonstration of a large molecular weight variant of the gamma chain of normal
      human plasma fibrinogen.
AB  - A previously undescribed gamma chain variant of human fibrinogen has been
      identified by application of a sensitive sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gradient gel electrophoretic technique to separate the polypeptide chains. This
      variant, called gamma B, clots and cross-links as well as the major species
      (gamma A), is similarly degraded by plasmin, and has a molecular weight of 53,100
      as compared to 50,100 for gamma A. Cross-linked dimers of Mr = 100,100 and
      108,500 are identified after action of thrombin and Factor XIIIa, suggesting the
      formation of gamma A-gamma A and gamma B-gamma B dimers rather than gamma A-gamma
      B hybrid species. The gamma B chain dimers represent 16% of the total cross
      linked gamma chain forms. Two early plasmic derivatives of gamma A and gamma B
      chains have been demonstrated to have lost fragments of Mr = approximately 4,000
      and 5,000 without loss of 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl cadaverine
      fluorescence. Since the difference in molecular weight of gamma A and gamma B
      chains is maintained during plasmic degradation of both monomer and dimeric
      fluorescent forms, this suggests that the additional sequence of amino acids in
      gamma B is located at or near the COOH-terminal end of this polypeptide chain.

PMID- 6445904
TI  - The pentose cycle. Control and essential function in HeLa cell nucleic acid
      synthesis.

PMID- 6445905
TI  - Energy-transducing H+-ATPase of Escherichia coli. Reconstitution of proton
      translocation activity of the intrinsic membrane sector.
AB  - The intrinsic membrane sector (Fo) of the H+-ATPase complex of Escherichia coli
      has been purified, incorporated into liposomes, and its proton-translocating
      activity reconstituted. The Fo sector was prepared by treating a purified,
      particulate, F1FO-ATPase preparation with EDTA to solubilize the F1-ATPase. The
      resulting particulate Fo fraction was incorporated into liposomes of E. coli
      phospholipids by sonication. Proton efflux from these liposomes was measured with
      a pH electrode after imposition of a membrane potential. The kinetics of proton
      efflux fits that predicted by the Goldman-flux equation. The rate of proton
      efflux was increased maximally more than 100-fold on incorporation of the Fo
      sector into the liposomes. The rate of H+ efflux varied directly with the amount
      of Fo material added during reconstitution. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide blocked Fo
      mediated H+ efflux. Inhibition was shown to be due to reaction of
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a specific proteolipid subunit of Fo. The
      preparation of Fo used in these studies contained the three proteins that had
      previously been identified as likely subunits of Fo (Foster, D. L., and
      Fillingame, R. H. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8230-8236). It remains to be
      determined whether all three components are required for reconstitution of proton
      translocation activity.

PMID- 6445906
TI  - Plasma membrane ATPase of yeast. Comparative inhibition studies of the purified
      and membrane-bound enzymes.

PMID- 6445907
TI  - Calcium transport by macrophage plasma membranes.

PMID- 6445908
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of abdominal wall desmoid tumor.
AB  - Abdominal wall desmoid tumor is a rare, locally invasive proliferation of mature
      fibrous tissue which does not metastasize. It usually presents as an asymptomatic
      mass, and occurs most frequently in young women after childbirth. All three of
      our patients showed an echo-free mass deep in the abdominal wall with poor sonic
      transmission. Ultrasound cannot only accurately localize the lesion, but allows
      the radiologist to suggest the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6445909
TI  - Microtubule-membrane interactions in cilia. I. Isolation and characterization of
      ciliary membranes from Tetrahymena pyriformis.
AB  - Tetrahymena ciliary membranes were prepared by four different techniques, and
      their protein composition was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), electron microscopy, and two-dimensional thin
      layer peptide mapping. Extraction of the isolated cilia by nonionic detergent
      solubilized the ciliary membranes but left the axonemal microtubules and dyneine
      arms intact, as determined by quantitative electron microscopy. The proteins
      solubilized by detergent included a major 55,000-dalton protein, 1-3 high
      molecular weight proteins that comigrated, on SDS-PAGE, with the axonemal dynein,
      as well as several other proteins of 45,000-50,000 daltons. Each of the major
      proteins contained a small amount of carbohydrate, as determined by PAS-staining;
      no PAS-positive material was detected in the detergent-extracted axonemes. The
      major 55,000-dalton protein has proteins quite similar to those of tubulin, based
      on SDS-PAGE using three different buffer systems as well as two-dimensional maps
      of tryptic peptides from the isolated 55,000-dalton protein. To determine whether
      this tubulin-like protein was associated with the membrane or whether it was an
      axonemal or matrix protein released by detergent treatment, three different
      methods to isolate ciliary membrane vesicles were developed. The protein
      composition of each of these differetn vesicle preparations was the same as that
      of the detergent-solubilized material. These results suggest that a major ciliary
      membrane protein has properties similar to those of tubulin.

PMID- 6445910
TI  - Microtubule-membrane interactions in cilia. II. Photochemical cross-linking of
      bridge structures and the identification of a membrane-associated dynein-like
      ATPase.
AB  - Photochemical cross-linking of both Tetrahymena and Aequipecten ciliary membrane
      proteins with the lipophilic reagent 4,4'-dithiobisphenylazide links together a
      high molecular weight dynein-like ATPase, membrane tubulin, and at least two
      other proteins. Electron microscopy of detergent-extracted cilia reveals that the
      cross-linked complex remains attached to the outer-doublet microtubules by a
      microtubule-membrane bridge. Cleavage of the reagent's disulfide bond releases
      the bridge-membrane complex and the dynein-like membrane-associated ATPase.
      Electron microscopy was used to ensure that the dynein-like protein did not
      result from the solubilization of the dynein arms attached to the outer-doublet
      microtubules. The dynein-like protein has been isolated using sucrose gradients
      and is similar to axonemal dynein with respect to its sedimentation
      characteristics nucleotide specificity, and divalent cation requirements.
      Photochemical cross-linking of ciliary membrane porteins in vivo results
      initially in the modification of ciliary beat and, eventually, in the cessation
      of ciliary movement. These results suggest that a dynein-like ATPase comprises
      the bridge which links the ciliary membrane to the outer-doublet microtubules and
      that this bridge is involved in the modulation of normal ciliary movement.

PMID- 6445911
TI  - The ultrasound cardioscope: a hand-held scanner for real-time cardiac imaging.
AB  - A miniaturized hand-held ultrasound scanner that permits two-dimensional
      echocardiography is described. The device has been routinely used in our
      emergency department, coronary care unit, wards, and outpatient department. The
      device has advantages in situations where rapid decisions are demanded of the
      expert echocardiographer. It permits improved bedside analysis of patients with
      puzzling cardiac conditions. An important feature is that the instrument can be
      used as a substitute for cardiac fluoroscopy in office practice. Tests performed
      in 100 consecutive patients have demonstrated that reasonable semiquantitative
      estimation of the sizes of left-side heart structures is possible. This new
      generation instrument can make diagnostic ultrasound more readily available in
      emergency situations and should have considerable influence on the use of cardiac
      ultrasound for bedside diagnosis. It will undoubtedly affect future developments
      in automatic, portable, and special dedicated ultrasound equipment.

PMID- 6445912
TI  - The sentiphone: a tactual speech communication aid.
AB  - Guiding lines in development of a speechreading aid for the deaf are presented
      together with some experimental results obtained with it. The principal guiding
      lines were to present optimal complementary information to speechreading, and an
      optimal utilization of tactual discriminability. The visibility of features of
      speech is discussed and exemplified. Reasons for the choice of tactually rather
      than visually presented auxiliary information are given. After a short technical
      description of the device, its display of phonetic features in terms of vibratory
      frequency and intensity is described. The experimental results consist of tests
      of word recognition (visually alone, tactually alone, and combined) and tests of
      tactual phoneme recognition.

PMID- 6445913
TI  - Elevation of mouse brain dopamine concentrations by certain local anesthetics: a
      structure activity study.

PMID- 6445914
TI  - A clinico-histopathologic atlas.

PMID- 6445915
TI  - Immune complex-bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes in peripheral blood of
      rabbits with active Arthus reactions.

PMID- 6445916
TI  - Case history of a patient with low back pain and cavus feet.

PMID- 6445917
TI  - [Surgery of senile cataract; technical suggestions (author's transl)].
AB  - This study is intended in particular for the isolated specialist complied to
      practice cataract surgery with limited means. The author proposes his solutions
      to a series of problems encountered in the course of his long career. The plea
      for local anesthesia is followed by a paragraph on "potentialized akinesia", a
      method conceived by the author, resulting in a perfect orbicular relaxation. The
      following paragraphs deal in turn with matters of lighting, means of
      magnification, pre-operative hypotony, incidents of shock, phimosis of the
      conjunctival sac and the different steps of the operation proper with the
      manyfold problems they arouse and the practical solution for each.

PMID- 6445918
TI  - Age related changes in the in vitro immune response: increased suppressor
      activity in immature and aged mice.

PMID- 6445919
TI  - Generation of suppressor cells by concanavalin A: a new perspective.
AB  - Significantly lower mitogenic responses of fresh cells co-cultured with Con A
      stimulated cells were found when compared with the responses of fresh cells co
      cultured with preincubated control cells. We do not agree with the interpretation
      that this effect represents the generation of suppressor cells by Con A, since
      the responses of fresh cells cultured alone were also significantly less than
      when co-cultured with control cells and the same as when co-cultured with the Con
      A-stimulated cells. Treatment with mitomycin C was sufficient to prevent the
      preincubated cells from contributing to the mitogenic response of the fresh
      cells. The increased responses of fresh cells when co-cultured with preincubated
      cells seems analagous to the increased mitogenic responses of cells aged in vitro
      by preincubation without mitogen. This effect seems to be transferable to fresh
      cells in the absence of cell division. Although preincubation in the presence of
      Con A abrogates this effect, we do not interpret this as the generation of
      suppressor cells.

PMID- 6445920
TI  - The differentiation of cytotoxic T cells in vitro. II. Amplifying factor(s)
      produced in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures against K/D stimuli require the
      presence of Lyt 2+ cells but not Lyt 1+ cells.

PMID- 6445921
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal release in response to Propionibacterium
      acnes in vitro and its enhancement by sera from inflammatory acne patients.
AB  - Propionibacterium acnes cells were tested for the ability to trigger lysosomal
      hydrolase release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Representative strains
      of P. acnes serotype I and II failed to stimulate lysosomal release in the
      absence of serum. P. acnes growth culture supernatants failed to trigger release
      under any test condition. Addition of fresh or heat-inactivated human serum
      resulted in lysosomal hydrolase release directly proportional to the number of P.
      acnes/PMN. Pooled sera from acne patients, with a high anti-P. acnes titer
      stimulated release to P. acnes. Preabsorption of this reagent with P. acnes cells
      reduced the anti-P. acnes titer and produced 93.37 +/- 11.49% inhibition of
      lysosomal enzyme release compared to unabsorbed anti-serum. Electron microscopy
      indicated that P. acnes was readily phagocytosed by PMNs when fresh or heated
      serum was present.

PMID- 6445922
TI  - Changes in the growth and metabolism of cells cultured from normal, sclerotic and
      rheumatoid connective tissue brought about by D-penicillamine and by sodium
      salicylate.
AB  - D-penicillamine and sodium salicylate were equally effective in suppressing the
      proliferation of fibroblasts from normal and scleroderma skin and rheumatoid
      synovial cells. The effects were concentration-dependent, beginning at around 100
      microgram/ml, and proliferation was almost halted at 1600 microgram/ml.
      Individual cell strains of each type showed differences in drug susceptibility
      but there was no consistent difference between cells from normal and abnormal
      tissues. Acid mucopolysaccharide secretion was more clearly inhibited in
      scleroderma fibroblasts than in synovial cells, and penicillamine produced
      greater inhibition than salicylate, beginning at 10 microgram/ml and reaching
      almost 50% at 500 microgram/ml. Confluent cultures of scleroderma fibroblasts
      showed 23% less incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase-sensitive protein in
      the presence of 1600 microgram/ml penicillamine, without significant effect on
      other protein synthesis; sodium salicylate had no effect. These data suggest that
      D-penicillamine may affect connective tissue metabolism in other ways than by
      interfering with collagen synthesis or cross-linking.

PMID- 6445923
TI  - In vitro effects of skin lipid extracts on skin bacteria in relation to age and
      acne changes.
AB  - Skin lipid extracts of 185 persons of different age were tested in vitro against
      single representatives of skin bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis,
      Propionibacterium acnes, P. granulosum and Corynebacterium sp. in order to find
      differences in their inhibitory effects. Percentages of the extracts inhibiting
      the first 4 bacteria were nearly the same (about 20%) while corynebacteria were
      inhibited by only 3 extracts. Extracts showing these properties were isolated
      mainly from adolescents with acne changes, young adults, about 20 yr old, and
      from children 8--10 yr old, but not from elderly people. The age-related
      differences in growth inhibition may be related to known differences in relative
      composition of the sebum constituents according to age. Forty-two extracts of
      acne patients and healthy adults and adolescents showed an inverse effect in
      vitro: they enhanced bacterial growth. Growth enhancement was demonstrated only
      for P. granulosum.

PMID- 6445924
TI  - [Hemodynamic evaluation with catheter-tip electromagnetic flow probe after open
      heart surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445925
TI  - [Non-invasive estimation of transmitral pressure gradient in mitral stenosis by
      ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445926
TI  - Control of serum C3 levels by beta 1H and C3b inactivator.
AB  - In serum specimens from 50 normal adults, a high correlation was found between
      the sum of the levels of the control proteins of the C3b amplification loop, C3b
      inactivator and beta 1H, and the sum of the component proteins, C3 and factor B
      (R = 0.83), when the concentrations are expressed as percent of the normal adult
      level. The slope for this regression was 0.98 and the y intercept practically
      zero, indicating that under normal conditions, beta 1H + C3b inactivator = C3 +
      factor B +/- 35% (95% error of the prediction). Biological significance of the
      combined values was suggested by the fact that their equality was largely
      preserved in serum specimens from cord blood, from infants, and from patients
      with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, chronic illness, and partial
      C3b inactivator deficiency even though, individually, control and component
      protein concentrations deviated from normal in many of these conditions and, as
      single proteins, did not correlate with each other as in normal subjects. On the
      other hand, C3 + factor B was disproportionately lower than beta 1H + C3b
      inactivator in subjects heterozygously deficient in C3 and in those with
      hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis and was often disproportionately high in
      those with an acute-phase reaction. The data indicate that for meaningful
      interpretation of the serum C3 level, the concurrent levels of factor B, C3b
      inactivator, and beta 1H must be taken into consideration.

PMID- 6445927
TI  - Alteration in the balance of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in diabetic
      rats.
AB  - An evaluation of platelet and vascular (aortic) arachidonic acid metabolism was
      performed in Lewis male rats rendered diabetic by injection of streptozotocin,
      and the results were compared to those in matched controls. Parameters evaluated
      included the release of this fatty acid from prelabeled platelets and aortas and
      conversion of labeled fatty acid to thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in
      platelets and aortas, respectively. Diabetic rat platelets showed markedly
      increased release of arachidonic acid with thrombin used as the aggregating
      stimulus. Conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane B2 was slightly, but not
      significantly, higher in the diabetic rats. In the vessel, thrombin-stimulated
      release of arachidonic acid was slightly, but not significantly, increased in the
      diabetic animals when compared to controls. This finding was associated with a
      decrease in vascular production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha both in vascular tissues
      incubated with arachidonic acid alone and in vascular tissues incubated with
      thrombin. The changes observed both in platelet and vascular metabolism of
      arachidonic acid were corrected by islet issue transplantation, suggesting a
      disease-specific effect. The changes observed in arachidonic acid metabolism
      suggest a significant imbalance in thromboxane A2 and PGI2 production in diabetic
      rats. Such changes might promote the development of the microvascular changes
      seen in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6445928
TI  - The extraction of inositol-containing phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa.
AB  - By use of fungi grown in the presence of [3H]-inositol and [14C]choline, we have
      explored methods for the quantitative extraction of inositol-containing
      phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine. Slightly alkaline mixtures of both ethanol
      water and ethanol-diethylether-water at elevated temperatures were shown to
      effectively extract these lipids from intact Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      Neurospora crassa. Some previously published procedures fail to completely
      extract to very polar phosphoinositol-containing sphingolipids of these
      organisms. Trichloroacetic acid can be used with caution in killing cells prior
      to extraction; lipid destruction can occur at elevated concentrations and
      temperatures. Complete extraction of these very polar lipids with polar solvents
      also results in an extract containing significant amounts of non-lipids.

PMID- 6445929
TI  - The association of group G chromosomes : study in trisomy 21 syndrome and their
      mothers in comparison to normal women of various ages.

PMID- 6445930
TI  - Clonal analysis of cytolytic T lymphocyte specificity. I. Phenotypically distinct
      sets of clones as the cellular basis of cross-reactivity to alloantigens.
AB  - The cellular basis of the cytolytic cross-reactivity observed in primary
      allogeneic (C56BL/6 anti-DBA/2 and C57BL/6 anti-C3H/He) mixed-leukocyte cultures
      (MLC) was investigated by analysis of the specificity of clonal progeny derived
      from individual cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursor cells (CTL-P) contained
      within these populations. A sensitive mixed-leukocyte microculture (micro-MLC)
      technique was used with limiting dilution analysis by Poisson statistics to
      determine the frequency of CTL-P reactive against both specific and third-party
      (P815 and AKRA) target cells, to calculate the probability that each micro-MLC
      was a clone derived from a single CTL-P, and to examine the specificity of each
      micro-MLC assayed separately against both target cells. A total of 287
      phenotypically specific, heteroclitic, and cross-reactive micro-MLC from the 2
      different strain combinations were observed with a relative frequency of 81, 11,
      and 8%, respectively, and were calculated to have mean clone probability of 90
      and 99% when based, respectively, upon the frequencies of CTL-P reactive against
      the specific and third-party target cells. These clones were estimated to have an
      approximate size of 6 X 10(4) cells, which corresponded to roughly 16 cell
      doublings during the 7 d of culture. 22 clones were successfully subcloned and in
      virtually every case, the subclones retained the specificity phenotype of the
      original clone from which they were derived. These results provide direct
      evidence for three phenotypically distinct sets of CTL as the cellular basis of
      cross-reactivity in MLC populations assayed against two different target cells.

PMID- 6445931
TI  - Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. III.
      Interaction of effector suppressor T cells is restricted by H-2 and Igh-V genes.
AB  - 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells
      administered intravenously induced a population of suppressor T cells that could
      suppress mice previously primed to NP. The effect was demonstrable when the
      suppressor cells were transferred to NP-primed mice on the day of challenge for
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. In contrast to the suppressor T
      cell population, which abrogates 5-iodo derivative of NP (NIP)-specific DTH
      responses when administered before antigen priming, the effector-phase
      suppressors did not efficiently suppress NIP-specific DTH responses, and were not
      lysed by treatment with antiidiotype plus complement. Adoptive transfer
      experiments between major histocompatibility complex and allotype congenic
      strains of mice allowed demonstration of both Igh-V and I-A restrictions in the
      transfer of this cell population. The implications of these data in terms of
      network theories and proposed cellular models for negative immunoregulation were
      discussed.

PMID- 6445932
TI  - Perceptual interpretation of complex line patterns.
AB  - Leeuwenberg's coding system for the representation of line pattern
      interpretations is tentatively applied to the interpretation of complex line
      patterns, that is, line patterns with intersecting lines. Perceptually preferred
      interpretations of complex line patterns can only be predicted correctly if two
      requirements are met: (a) The codes of line patterns should contain information
      about the objects represented by the line patterns, not about the line patterns
      as drawings; and (b) effects of the gestalt law of good continuation have to be
      taken into account.

PMID- 6445933
TI  - Interaction between global and local levels of a form.
AB  - Two experiments investigated a model for global procedence, which states that
      global aspects of a form are invariably recognized prior to local levels.
      Experiment 1 showed that speed of recognition was approximately the same for
      global and local levels of a form. Experiment 2 independently manipulated the
      "quality" of information at global and local levels by distorting the forms.
      Either local or global precedence could be obtained depending on which level was
      distorted. These results suggest that the specific interaction between local and
      global levels will depend on the relative visibility or quality of form
      information at each level.

PMID- 6445934
TI  - Perceptual delay: a consequence of metacontrast and apparent motion.
AB  - Temporal-order judgments were used to demonstrate that a later visual stimulus
      can delay the perception of an earlier one when the two stimuli together produce
      the phenomenon of metacontrast or of apparent motion. The perceptual delay is the
      same for movement and metacontrast and for one or two characters appearing to
      move or to be masked.

PMID- 6445935
TI  - Emergent two-dimensional patterns in images rotated in depth.
AB  - Once a person has observed a three-dimensional scene, how accurately can he or
      she then imagine the appearance of that scene from different viewing angles? In a
      series of experiments addressed to this question, subjects formed mental images
      of a set of objects hanging in a clear cylinder and mentally rotated their images
      as they physically rotated the cylinder by various amounts. They were asked to
      perform four tasks, each demanding the ability to "see" the two-dimensional
      patterns that should emerge in their images if the images depicted the new
      perspective view accurately--(a) Subjects described the two-dimensional geometric
      shape that the imagined objects formed in an image rotated 90 degrees; (b) they
      "scanned" horizontally from one imagined object to another in a rotated image;
      (c) they physically rotated the empty cylinder together with their image until
      two of the imagined objects were vertically aligned; and (d) they adjusted a
      marker to line up with a single object in a rotated image. The experimental
      results converged to suggest that subjects' images accurately displayed the two
      dimensional patterns emerging from a rotation in depth. However, the amount by
      which they rotated their image differed systematically from the amount specified
      by the experimenter. Results are discussed in the context of a model of the
      mental representation of physical space that incorporates two types of
      structures, one representing the three-dimensional layout of a scene, and the
      other representing the two-dimensional perspective view of the scene from a given
      vantage point.

PMID- 6445936
TI  - Early extraction of meaning from pictures and its relation to conscious
      identification.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted in which subjects labeled target pictures preceded
      by either semantically related or unrelated prime pictures. The exposure duration
      of each prime was varied around a threshold value, established separately for
      each subject, that represented the minimum viewing time necessary to identify the
      prime picture with 100% accuracy. The results of the first study indicated that
      semantic-priming effects can be obtained with pictures at prime exposure
      durations too brief for conscious identification of the prime to occur. Data from
      the second experiment provided an estimate of the minimum exposure time necessary
      for priming under these conditions. There was evidence from both experiments that
      attaching a name to a picture is an attended operation that can interfere with
      naming a subsequent picture, independent of any semantic priming that might
      occur. This indicates that extracting the meaning from a picture and consciously
      identifying it may be separate processes. The results are discussed in terms of
      current models of picture perception.

PMID- 6445937
TI  - Variability and sequential effects in cross-modality matching of area and
      loudness.
AB  - Individual subjects' performance was examined for cross-modality matching (CMM)
      of loudness to visual area, as well as for magnitude estimation (ME) of the
      component continua. Average exponents of power functions relating response
      magnitude to stimulus intensity were .73 for area, .20 for loudness, and 2.44 for
      CMM. Predictions of the CMM exponent based on ME were higher than the empirical
      values, whereas more accurate predictions were made from magnitude production
      exponents obtained in a previous study. Sequential dependencies were assessed by
      comparing the response on trial n to the response on trial n--1. The coefficient
      of variation of the response ratio Rn/Rn-1 was systematically related to the
      stimulus ratio Sn/Sn-1 for both area and loudness. The coefficient was lowest for
      ratios near 1 and increased for larger or smaller values. For CMM, the
      coefficient of variation appeared to be independent of stimulus ratios. The
      correlation between log Rn and log Rn-1 was also related to Sn/Sn-1 for both ME
      and CMM. The correlation was highest when Sn/Sn-1 was 1 and dropped to 0 with
      increasing stimulus separation, but CMM yielded a shallower function than ME.

PMID- 6445938
TI  - A short-term memory influence on the N1 response of cerebral cortex.
AB  - The N1 component of auditory evoked potentials varies in amplitude as a function
      of the direction of attention and has been treated as a physiological correlate
      of stimulus set. Results from a sequential pitch memory experiment, presented
      here, show that N1 also indexes the strengths of short-term associations,
      suggesting that the N1 mechanism(s) may be involved in a more general process of
      organizing and/or maintaining temporary sensorimotor memories.

PMID- 6445939
TI  - Comparison of lateral differences for digit and random form recognition in
      Japanese and Westerners.
AB  - In this study, a cross-cultural comparison reveals differences in lateralization
      of hemisphere functions, Japanese students showed visual field symmetry for
      random shape recognition, whereas English students showed a highly significant
      left visual field advantage. Both groups showed better right visual field
      identification for numbers, and for these stimuli no differences between the
      groups were found.

PMID- 6445940
TI  - Stress management of chronic pain.

PMID- 6445941
TI  - [Necrotizing angiitis in O.R.L].

PMID- 6445942
TI  - [Value of bone transplantation in laryngotracheal repair].

PMID- 6445943
TI  - [Stenosis of the cervical trachea following respiratory resuscitation:
      indications and results of anastomotic resections].

PMID- 6445944
TI  - [Fractures of the mandible. Apropos of 241 cases].

PMID- 6445945
TI  - [Double neoplastic localization in O.R.L. Role of endoscopy].

PMID- 6445946
TI  - [Cervical transplantation of a jejunal loop: animal experimentation; applications
      in man].

PMID- 6445947
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma in O.R.L].

PMID- 6445948
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of malignant tumors of the parotid gland].

PMID- 6445949
TI  - [Branchial cysts and ganglionic metastases].

PMID- 6445950
TI  - [Present concepts concerning foreign bodies of the air passages in children].

PMID- 6445951
TI  - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in cancers of the head and neck. Preliminary results in
      72 patients].

PMID- 6445952
TI  - [Role of platelets in hearing pathology].

PMID- 6445953
TI  - [Preventive treatment of laryngeal stenosis in children].

PMID- 6445954
TI  - [Systematic endoscopy in adults resuscitated by intubation lasting more than 15
      days. Critical study of the results].

PMID- 6445955
TI  - [Papilloma of the larynx: carcinoma, recurrence, spontaneous remission].

PMID- 6445956
TI  - [Obstructive neurofibroma of the cervical trachea].

PMID- 6445957
TI  - [Ketoprofen in cervicofacial oncology].

PMID- 6445959
TI  - Lumbosacral meningismus complicating subdural injection of "blood patch": case
      report.
AB  - The published literature suggests that the technique of epidural "blood patch"
      injection is both safe and effective for the treatment and prevention of headache
      after spinal puncture. However, a case is reported in which the complications
      following a "blood patch" outweighed the disability and discomfort produced by
      the headache itself. The etiology is believed to have been inadvertent injection
      of blood into the subarachnoid space.

PMID- 6445958
TI  - Actin and myosin synthesis during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 6445960
TI  - Effects of undernutrition and refeeding on enzyme activities and rates of glucose
      catabolism in rat epididymal adipose tissue.

PMID- 6445961
TI  - Use of piperacillin, a semisynthetic penicillin, in the therapy of acute
      exacerbations of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6445962
TI  - The pathogenesis of gastroschisis and omphalocele.
AB  - Omphalocele and gastroschisis appear, by virtue of their differences in postnatal
      findings and embryological development, to be different entities. An hypothesis
      concerning the genesis of gastroschisis is presented which is consistent with
      observed embryologic sequential change and known teratogenic possibilities. The
      apparent increase in number of cases of gastroschisis and the frequency of
      omphalocele warrant further experimental study of their pathogenesis, preferably
      in primates.

PMID- 6445963
TI  - An experimental study on gastroschisis using fetal surgery.
AB  - Gastroschisis models were successfully created in three groups of fetal rabbits
      by means of fetal surgery. Anatomical and pathologic assessments were carried out
      on the neonates that had experimental gastroschisis. In group I surgery was
      performed on the fetuses of 21 days gestational age; in group II on the fetuses
      of 23 days; and in group III on the fetuses of 26 days, respectively. Five cases
      of experimental gastroschisis were made in each group. The body weights of those
      with gastroschisis were low as compared with those of normal neonates. Intestinal
      length decreased and wall thickness increased as the result of 5--10 days
      evisceration. Abdominal cavity decreased in volume in all cases and could not
      accommodate the eviscerated organs. The number and density of distal mesenteric
      vessels (vasa recta) was high in the shortened intestine in gastroschisis models.
      Therefore it can be reasonably assumed that the intestine is only contracted and
      the possibility of return to normal length remains.

PMID- 6445964
TI  - Hematoma of bowel and cellulitis of the abdominal wall complicating herniography.
AB  - Two complications of herniography are presented: a hematoma of bowel causing
      intestinal obstruction, and a cellulitis of the abdominal wall causing
      septicemia. A technical error probably caused the hematoma and gastroenteritis
      played a role in the cellulitis. We have now narrowed our indications for
      herniography. We think it should be reserved for more difficult diagnostic
      problems such as recurrent inguinal hernia, recurrent hydrocele or eventration of
      the diaphragm.

PMID- 6445965
TI  - Connective tissue regeneration to periodontally diseased teeth. A histological
      study.

PMID- 6445966
TI  - Preliminary characterization of material eluted from the roots of periodontally
      diseased teeth.

PMID- 6445967
TI  - Long term anti-plaque gingivitis and calculus effects of benzethonium chloride in
      beagle dogs.

PMID- 6445968
TI  - Migration and division of progenitor cell populations in periodontal ligament
      after wounding.

PMID- 6445969
TI  - A study of the reformation of severed gingival fibers in aging mice using 3H
      proline autoradiography.

PMID- 6445970
TI  - Human gingival fibroblast cell lines in vitro. I. Electron microscopic studies of
      collagenolysis.

PMID- 6445971
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the regeneration of cementum and periodontal
      connective tissue attachment in the cat.

PMID- 6445972
TI  - The concentration of proteins in human gingival crevicular fluid.

PMID- 6445973
TI  - Comparative analysis of gingival fluid and plasma by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 6445974
TI  - The predominant cultivable dental plaque flora of beagle dogs with gingivitis.

PMID- 6445975
TI  - Effect of sampling on the composition of the human subgingival microbial flora.

PMID- 6445976
TI  - Effect of scaling and root planing on the composition of the human subgingival
      microbial flora.

PMID- 6445977
TI  - Sulcular polymorphonuclear leucocytes and gingival exudate during experimental
      gingivitis in man.

PMID- 6445978
TI  - Local immunoglobulin synthesis in periodontal disease.

PMID- 6445979
TI  - Histopathogenesis of spontaneous periodontal disease in conventional rats. III.
      The mononuclear cell infiltrate and cytoplasmic changes in associated
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6445980
TI  - Salivary volatiles as indicators of periodontitis.

PMID- 6445981
TI  - Alveolar bone loss in a strain of mice.

PMID- 6445982
TI  - Studies on the binding of lipoteichoic acid to osseous tissue.

PMID- 6445983
TI  - Parental factors associated with rigidity in Huntington's disease.
AB  - The discriminatory power of ten factors has been explored in relation to the
      presence or absence of muscular rigidity in patients with Huntington's disease.
      The sex and neurological sign of an affected parent were the only two significant
      determinants of rigidity or choreoathetosis in offspring. It was shown, using the
      Mantel-Haenszel method of adjusting for confounding variables that the risk of a
      patient displaying rigidity (and thereby having a graver prognosis) is five times
      as great for those with rigid parents as it is for those with non-rigid parents.
      Additionally, the risk of a patient displaying rigidity is more than three times
      as great for those with affected fathers as it is for those with affected
      mothers. Some implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6445984
TI  - Dic(21;21) in a Down's syndrome child with an unusual chromosome 9 variant in the
      mother.
AB  - A child with characteristic clinical features of Down's syndrome and raised red
      cell SOD-1 activity was found to have, in addition to a single chromosome 21, a
      reverse dicentric tandem translocation of two No 21s with dual NORs and C band
      regions. The breakpoints on the chromosomes involved in the translocation were at
      the most distal end of the long arms (21q223). The phenotypically normal mother
      carried a rare variant of a chromosome 9.

PMID- 6445985
TI  - Preferences in attention to visual cues in Down syndrome and normal children.
AB  - Thirty-four children were selected who had reached a criterion on a matching
      task. Seventeen Down's syndrome were matched on M.A. with seventeen normal
      children (M.A. 6.0 X 0.5); there were nine females and six males in each group.
      All subjects were tested on two matching tasks, one involving increasing density
      of pattern and the other of both increasing size and density of pattern. The
      tests were repeated with the introduction of a short-term memory variable.
      Results showed that both groups had a preferred dimension for size over pattern.
      When size and pattern were combined, the Down syndrome group were confused by the
      two dimensions, showing preference for one or the other. The performance of the
      Down syndrome group was significantly weaker than the normal group, who were able
      to accommodate the imposition of patterns on size. In contrast to the Down
      syndrome group, attention to two dimensions helped to improve performance in the
      weaker dimension.

PMID- 6445986
TI  - The effect of elevated chronic loading on the action potential of mammalian
      myocardium.

PMID- 6445987
TI  - Is the ATP decline a signal for stimulating protein synthesis in isoproterenol
      induced cardiac hypertrophy?

PMID- 6445988
TI  - Characterization of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum from ischemic myocardium:
      comparison of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum with unfractionated homogenates.

PMID- 6445989
TI  - Vesicostomy for the temporary diversion of the urine in small children.
AB  - Vesicostomy was done as a means of temporary urinary diversion in 16 children
      less than 3 years old. Adequate urinary drainage was not present in these
      children yet definitive corrective measures were not considered advisable. The
      good results achieved sugges that this operation is ideally suited for this
      purpose.

PMID- 6445990
TI  - Relief of back pain.

PMID- 6445991
TI  - [Clinical analysis on acidic mucopolysaccharides of pancreatic juice and
      pancreatic stone--role of acidic mucopolysaccharides in pancreatic stone
      formation (author's transl)].

PMID- 6445992
TI  - [Women and the stocking. 18. Simple beauty in the troubled life].

PMID- 6445993
TI  - Ca binding of isolated cardiac nexus membranes related to intercellular
      uncoupling.
AB  - Nexus membranes were isolated from cardiac muscles of guinea pig or ox. It was
      confirmed by autoradiography that Ca2+ was actually bound with the nexus, and by
      atomic absorption spectroscopy that bound Ca increased extensively at [Ca2+]
      higher than 10(-6) to 10(-5) M and showed the dose-response relationship against
      [Ca2+].

PMID- 6445994
TI  - Distribution of sialic acid in frog skeletal muscle and effect of neuraminidase
      on Ca uptake and ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The contents of sialic acid in the sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and
      myofibrils obtained from frog skeletal muscle homogenate were determined. The
      total sialic acid contents of the sarcolemma and fragmented SR were 2.95 and 3.34
      nmols per mg of protein, respectively, while that of myofibrils was 1.47 nmols
      per mg of protein. Treatment of the fragmented SR with neuraminidase (EC
      3.2.1.18; NAase) resulted in the release of sialic acid. Ca uptake and ATPase
      activity were measured in the NAase-treated fragmented SR. When the fragmented SR
      stood for 1 hr after treatment and washing, the Ca uptake was decreased slightly
      and neither basic nor extra ATPase activities were affected. In contrast, when
      the fragmented SR was allowed to stand for 24 hr after similar treatment, Ca
      uptake and extra ATPase activity were markedly inhibited, while the duration of
      extra ATP splitting was markedly prolonged and final ATP hydrolysis was increased
      without noticeable change in basic ATPase activity. The results obtained suggest
      that in frog skeletal muscle, sialic acid locates mainly at the surface and SR
      membranes and that sialic acid is not directly involved in active Ca transport of
      the SR membrane.

PMID- 6445995
TI  - [Study on education in maternal and child health care at a newly developed
      housing complex on the periphery of a city--a consideration on the role of the
      public health nurse through nursing of physically and mentally handicapped
      children in nuclear families].

PMID- 6445996
TI  - [A child with Down's syndrome and nodding spasm and his family].

PMID- 6445997
TI  - [Helping a handicapped boy eliminate by himself].

PMID- 6445998
TI  - [Continuous percussion of the abdominal wall: a new technic for detecting
      peritoneal inflammation in acute appendicitis].

PMID- 6445999
TI  - [Potentials of laparoscopy in determining the extraorganic spread of cancer of
      the body of the stomach].

PMID- 6446000
TI  - [Allergic diseases in the cities of Uzbekistan].

PMID- 6446001
TI  - [Structure of the morbidity in Aktyubinsk Province].

PMID- 6446002
TI  - Effect of low protein diet on cardiac hypertrophic process of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6446003
TI  - Injury, compensation claims and prognosis: part I.

PMID- 6446004
TI  - EKG of the mouth.

PMID- 6446005
TI  - Glucocorticoid sensitivity and receptors in BALB/c T cell lymphoma lines
      expressing restricted patterns of Ly differentiation antigens.

PMID- 6446006
TI  - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in breast secretions.

PMID- 6446007
TI  - Electronic games for physically handicapped people.

PMID- 6446008
TI  - [Comparative effects of terbutaline sulphate and ipratropium bromide on the
      respiratory system (author's transl)].
AB  - Bronchodilator action of two pharmacologically different drugs have been
      compared. Ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000) is a synthetic atropine derivative and
      terbutaline sulphate is a beta-stimulating agent. Twelve asthmatic patients and
      eight patients with chronic bronquitis received terbutaline 0.50 mg. and
      ipratropium 0.04 mg by aerosol inhalation. Both drugs were given at random on a
      consecutive-day schedule. All patients were clinically stable before treatment
      (basal FEV/VC less than 60 percent). Total lung capacity (TLC) forced expiratory
      volume (FEV), SRaw, and V'/V curves before and at 15, 60, 120, and 240 minutes
      after the produce administration were registered. Presence of side-effects was
      also checked. An intensive bronchodilator action was observed either after
      inhalation of ipratropium bromide or terbutaline, but statistical studies showed
      no significant differences between both drugs in relation to intensity and
      duration of their actions. Sch 1000 caused similar bronchodilator effects in all
      cases; a more intense effect in patients with chronic bronchitis could not be
      noticed. Evaluation of V'/V curve, and especially its relation to a same
      pulmonary volume, pointed out that both drugs act upon small respiratory airways.
      Advance side-effects were not present.

PMID- 6446009
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 6446010
TI  - Echocardiography in pericardial disease.

PMID- 6446011
TI  - Effect of isoniazid on cerebrospinal fluid and plasma GABA levels in Huntington's
      disease.

PMID- 6446012
TI  - Circadian rhythmicity of prolactin secretion in Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 6446013
TI  - Potassium uptake by platelets from Down's syndrome and normal subjects.

PMID- 6446014
TI  - A simple chromatographic method for the radioimmunoassay of four androgenic
      steroids.

PMID- 6446015
TI  - The enlarged heart I. Pericardial effusion.

PMID- 6446016
TI  - The aching back. Congenital anomalies and biomechanics of the spine.

PMID- 6446017
TI  - Effect of the adaptive response on the induction of the SOS pathway in E. coli K
      12.
AB  - The adaptive-response is an inducible repair system of E. coli which reduces the
      mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of alkylation damage (Samson and Cairns, 1977).
      In adapted cells (cells exposed to sublethal doses of alkylating agents) the
      induction of W-reactivation and W-mutagenesis by alkylating agents is almost
      totally blocked. Despite the fact that adaptation has no detectable effect on UV
      mutagenesis in E. coli K-12, it does inhibit to some extent the UV and tif-1
      mediated induction of SOS functions such as W-reactivation and lambda prophage
      induction. Furthermore, the kinetics of induction of W-mutagenesis following UV
      treatment are altered by adaptation. In this case the adaptive-response seems to
      specifically block the induction of an error-producing W-reactivating capacity
      which normally would increase soon after UV treatment, while affecting error-free
      W-reactivating systems to a lesser extent.

PMID- 6446018
TI  - Transfer-deficient cointegrates of Flac and lambda prophage.
AB  - Twelve transfer-deficient mutants of the plasmid Flac were obtained by insertion
      of prophage lambda into secondary attachment sites within the transfer region.
      Insertions into eight different tra genes were identified. These mutations were
      strongly polar on expression of tra genes previously mapped "downstream", and
      thus confirmed that the genes traA through traD form a single operon. However,
      some continued expression of traI suggested that this was transcribed in part
      from a promoter located between traD and traI, and in part from the transfer
      operon promoter. One insertion early in the transfer operon produced a plasmid
      specific tra mutation not complemented by R100-1 or R1-19: this insertion was
      into a new gene (traY), located before traA as the first member of the transfer
      operon. Partial tra deletion mutants were obtained as 42 degrees C--survivors
      from several of the Flac tra::ED lambda 4 plasmids, and their properties are
      described.

PMID- 6446020
TI  - Clothing for the handicapped.

PMID- 6446019
TI  - Molecular cloning of the gene for the beta-lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis
      and its expression in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The structural gene, pen, for the beta-lactamase of B. licheniformis has been
      cloned into a lambda vector and shown to be expressed at a low rate in E. coli.
      The cloned pen gene appears to be expressed from a promoter within the fragment
      of B. licheniformia DNA, since its rate of expression is not affected by the
      presence of the phage repressor, the absence of the phage's positive-control
      functions, or the position or orientation of the gene within the phage genome.

PMID- 6446021
TI  - [Effect of humic acids from the brown coal of the Aleksandriyskoya field on
      Pseudomonas putida growth].

PMID- 6446022
TI  - [Intraspecies variation in Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 6446024
TI  - Morphologic characterization of long-term pancreatic islet transplants in
      diabetic rats.

PMID- 6446025
TI  - [Study of the amino acid residue topography of the adenosine triphosphatase
      center of (Ca--Mg)-dependent sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase by
      kinetic and spectral methods].
AB  - The topography of HS- and NH2-groups and tryptophane residues in ATPase centre of
      (Ca--Mg)-ATPase on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was investigated by kinetics,
      electron spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry method. Both o-phthalaldehyde
      interacting with lysine or arginine residue or with end amino acid and
      fluorescein dimercuric acetate interaction with cysteine residue of HS-groups
      make (Ca--Mg)-ATPase both in SR and the pure enzyme completely inactive at molar
      ratio enzyme: inhibitor equal to 1 : 1. A 500 molar ATP surplus reduces
      drastically the enzyme inactivation rate by both inhibitors. The data supplied by
      the spectrofluorimetry and the induction-resonance theory were used to calculate
      the distances between nearest tryptophane residues and chromophore (o-FTC)
      generated by o-phthalaldehyde interaction with NH2-group the protein amino acid
      residue (17 A) and o-FTC and fluorescein dimercuric acetate (19 A) attached to
      enzyme HS-group. Because o-FTC is inside the protein pocket it is not accessible
      to J- ions up to 2.5 M KJ. However some tryptophane resudies and fluorescein
      dimercuric acetate attached to HS-group are near to the macromolecule surface.
      Lysine (or arginine residues) or end amino acid NH2-group and cysteine residues
      HS-group, and some tryptophane residues are at ATPase centre of (Ca--Mg)-ATPase
      from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Possible topography of the centre is discussed.

PMID- 6446026
TI  - Blood flow regulators in the arterial system.
AB  - Based on literature data and own results, the author describes the morphological
      peculiarities of arterial blood flow regulators. Terminology and opinions
      concerning these structures are discussed. Also pointed out is the importance of
      axially disposed smooth muscle cells, which --- together with the two lamina of
      internal elastic membrane, and the adventitia --- form a functional flow
      modulating system. Author concludes that the endothelial cushions are not
      pathological formations, but normal structural variations appearing during
      embryonal and perinatal life, as consequences of certain hemodynamic
      circumstances with local characteristics. Suggestions are given for re-estimation
      of classical data concerning the supposed blood flow regulating function of the
      embryo-fetal obliterated cords attached to vessels. New arguments are brought in
      support of the contribution of the close relations between large arteries and the
      surrounding osseous, muscular and fibrous structures to the control and
      modulation of the blood stream.

PMID- 6446027
TI  - A tract arising from the substantia nigra and covering the surface of the crus
      cerebri (pes peduncili).
AB  - The authors succeeded in impregnating very selectively with the short Golgi
      method a tract arising from the substantia nigra (s.n.) and covering the surface
      of crus cerebri. Angio- and glioarchitectonies of the tract are described
      together with nerve cells penetrating with their dendrites or totally sunk into
      the tract, whose function may be a feed-back loop to the s.n.

PMID- 6446028
TI  - Action of aflatoxin B1 on pregnant rats.
AB  - The hepatotoxic effect of aflatoxin B1 on pregnant rats was studied by injecting
      the animals in the first 14 days of pregnancy with doses equivalent ot 1/1,000
      ppm; the rats were killed at the end of pregnancy. Liver lesions such as clear
      intumescence, granular dystrophy, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, pycnosis and atypical
      mitoses were shown; concomitantly regeneration phenomena were expressed by an
      increased incidence of binucleated cells and mitosis. Fertility decreased after
      aflatoxin and embryonary resorptions, malformations and developmental
      retardations occurred.

PMID- 6446029
TI  - Bronchiolar pathology. I. Histopathology of small bronchi and bronchioli in some
      chronic lung diseases.
AB  - Different types of lesions in small bronchi and bronchioli in a hundred lungs or
      lobes resected for chronic lung diseases (suppurations, chronic pneumonitides,
      tumours) were evidenced and interpreted in the light of experimental results and
      in relation to the lung processes in their entirety. Inflammatory, exudative and
      proliferative lesions, primary and secondary changes, as well as evolutive
      modifications were discerned. Their structural analysis demonstrated the
      influence of persisting aerogenic agents of the infections, antigenic or common
      types, some correlations with the surrounding parenchyma primarily or secondarily
      involved, and possible mechanisms determining the lesions of small bronchi and
      bronchioli. Inflammatory changes of the lung tissue following those of bronchi
      are evident within chronic suppurations with or without bronchiolectasias, with a
      varied restructuration of the lung tissue. The role of the immunopathogenic
      component was emphasized not only in chronic pneumonitides, but also in other
      cases. Proliferative changes of respiratory bronchioli were only rarely found in
      distal zones of lungs resected for tumours. Relationships between bronchiolar
      lesions and parenchymatous changes of the centrolobular emphysema type were never
      evidenced in the analysed cases.

PMID- 6446030
TI  - [Electron microscope studies of the hepatic lesions of secondary
      hemochromatosis].

PMID- 6446031
TI  - Cervical lymph node metastases of thyroid carcinoma - an alternative of the
      "lateral aberrant thyroid".
AB  - The neoplastic thyroid tissue found in the laterocervical lymph nodes of
      euthyroid patients is associated with an intrathyroid carcinoma identified in the
      subsequently operated gland, asserting its metastic origin. Eighty percent of the
      thyroid carcinomas present cervical metastases in a variable number of lymph
      nodes belonging to more than one topographic group.

PMID- 6446032
TI  - Eosinophilic granulomas of the lung. Histopathology of three cases.
AB  - Three cases of eosinophilic granuloma of the lung were histopathologically
      analyzed on surgical materials (two resections and lung biopsy). The analysis
      insisted upon the cell components of pulmonary lesions, histiocytic and
      eosinocytic accumulations involving lobular air spaces, alveolar walls and
      interlobular areas, and forming bullae by histiocytic enzymic activity and lipid
      dysmetabolism; the fibrotic evolution of the lesions varied from case to case.
      The lesional histogenesis is discussed in the light of recent
      electronmicroscropic, histochemical and immunopathological data, stress being
      laid upon the local influence on the development of the process.

PMID- 6446033
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the liver of aminophenazone- and nitrite-intoxicated
      rats.
AB  - Aminophenazone and sodium nitrite were administered in male albino rats in a
      short (20 days) toxicological experiment. Histological and ultrastructural
      changes were shown in the liver, which were characteristic of cirrhotic damage:
      cell mitochondria, nuclei, nucleoli, RER and SER were affected. Glycogen and free
      ribosomes were significantly decreased. Some necrotic processes, as well as the
      proliferation of autolysosomes and collagen in the centrolobular zones of the
      liver were also observed.

PMID- 6446034
TI  - Necrotropic protective effect of Ca-Mg gluconolactate on allyl alcohol-induced
      liver necrosis in rats.
AB  - The prevention of liver damage in rats intoxicated with allyl alcohol was
      attempted with 5 per cent Ca--Mg gluconolactate in reiterated doses. This
      preparation prevented or reduced liver necrosis only in the presence of spleen:
      splenectomy annihilated the effect of Ca--Mg gluconolactate.

PMID- 6446035
TI  - Experimental investigations in prolonged myocardial ischaemia. Note I. Biology of
      the myocardial fiber after transient myocardial fiber after transient myocardial
      ischaemia.
AB  - The first ten days' evolution of post-ischaemic lesions of the premonitory or
      angina pectoris syndrome type was experimentally studied by the challenge of a
      short-term (10 and 15 min) ischaemia, of an adaptation to ischaemia and an
      adaptation followed by prolonged ischaemia (20 and 35 min). Worthy of note was
      the persistence of reversible lesions after short-term ischaemia and adaptation,
      and the progressive evolution towards cytolysis and cicatrization of some
      pancicellular foci after adaptation followed by prolonged ischaemia. The role of
      mitochondrial lesions, of lysosomal hydrolases, the inefficiency of renewed
      circulation, as well as problems of diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 6446036
TI  - Caffeine effects on the chromosomal aberrations induced in vivo by sarcolysine
      and methotrexate.
AB  - Wistar adult rats bearing Guerin T8 ascite tumours were intravenously inoculated
      with 3 mg/kg b.w. sarcolysine and respectively 5 mg/kg b.w. methotrexate on the
      7th day after ascite cells grafting. Four hours after cytostatic administration,
      5 mg/kg b.w. caffeine was intravenously given. Cytogenetic observations
      concerning the frequency and the type of induced chromosomal aberrations were
      performed 24 hrs after cytostatic administration, both in the animals treated
      with only sarcolysine, methotrexate and caffeine and in those double-treated with
      cytostatics and caffeine. Chromosome examinations were also performed in
      untreated controls. Both in the sarcolysine- and methotrexate- treated tumors,
      the induced chromosome lesions were enhanced by caffeine administration, but this
      effect was very obvious in the methotrexate experiments and rather weak in the
      sarcolysine treatments (see table). This different effect of caffeine might be
      due to the different mechanisms by which sarcolysine and methotrexate are
      interfering in DNA replicating processes.

PMID- 6446037
TI  - The 125th birth anniversary of Professor Victor Babes.

PMID- 6446023
TI  - Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 6446038
TI  - Induction of prophage lambda by daunorubicin and derivatives correlation with
      antineoplastic activity.
AB  - The antineoplastic drug daunorubicin and 15 other anthracyclines were tested for
      their ability to induce prophage lambda in Escherichia coli K12. Prophage lambda
      induction by daunorubicin was obtained in excision-repair deficient uvr- bacteria
      at doses about 3-fold lower than in excision-repair proficient uvr+ cells; this
      suggests that some of the lesions produced in DNA by daunorubicin are subject to
      excision repair and may be adducts. Daunorubicin seems to be converted to active
      species capable of causing prophage inducing lesions in DNA by bacterial enzymes.
      The antineoplastic and prophage inducing potencies of the anthracyclines were
      compared in a blind test. These two parameters were correlated for two thirds of
      the compounds. Such a correlation supports the idea that the antineoplastic
      activity of the anthracyclines is a consequence of their capacity to damage DNA.

PMID- 6446039
TI  - Loss of suppressor T cells in active multiple sclerosis. Analysis with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - To determine whether abnormalities of immunoregulatory T cells are associated
      with multiple sclerosis (MS), we characterized peripheral lymphocytes in 33
      patients with untreated MS and compared them with 42 normal persons and 29 age
      matched control subjects who had other neurologic diseases. For this analysis, we
      used monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of helper (T4) and suppressor
      (T5) T-cell subsets and to a common T-cell antigen (T3). In contract to normal
      persons and the controls with other neurologic diseases, the patients with MS had
      a reduced percentage of T3-positive (T3+) cells (P less than 0.05). More
      importantly, there was a selective decrease in T5-positive (T5+) cells in 11 of
      15 patients with active MS, but in only one of 18 patients with inactive MS and
      in none of the normal persons or controls with neurologic disease (P less than
      0.00001). Serial analysis of five patients with MS showed a correlation between
      the absence of the T5+ subset and disease activity. Thus, there is loss of
      peripheral suppressor cells in many patients with active MS, suggesting that
      immunoregulatory abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 6446040
TI  - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate and calcium and phosphate metabolism.

PMID- 6446041
TI  - A model of transduction in the frog muscle spindle.

PMID- 6446042
TI  - [Donor insemination for the prevention of hereditary defects].

PMID- 6446043
TI  - [Pregnancy following laparoscopic sterilization].

PMID- 6446044
TI  - [Laparoscopic sterilization].

PMID- 6446045
TI  - [The Olympic Games for Handicapped in Arnhem].

PMID- 6446046
TI  - [Rightsided cardiac congestion with an unusual etiology].

PMID- 6446047
TI  - Relationship between plaques, tangles, and dementia in Down syndrome.
AB  - In patients with Down syndrome, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
      accumulate in the cortex at an earlier age than in persons of normal karyotype.
      We studied 20 Down syndrome patients dying after age 30 (average age, 49); all
      had neocortical plaques and tangles, but only 3 of 20 had been demented. In 12
      cases (average age, 53), tissue was available for quantitative study of plaque
      and tangle densities and estimation of cell loss in the hippocampus. Although at
      least 8 of these 12 cases had plaque and tangle densities comparable to those
      previously reported in demented old people, only 1 had dementia. The regional
      distribution of plaques and tangles in the hippocampus of these Down cases
      differed from the pattern in senile dementia. Although Alzheimer-like dementia
      occurs in Down disease, it is less prevalent than the plethoric plaques and
      tangles in the cortex.

PMID- 6446048
TI  - [The axillo-axillary bypass].
AB  - Personal experience with two cases of symptomatic occlusion of the subclavian
      artery treated with axillo-axillary by-pass is reported. The operating technique,
      in which the second portion of the axillary artery and a dacron blood conductor
      are employed, is described and the various transthoracic and extrathoracic
      operations that have been proposed are reviewed along with the advantages and
      disadvantages of each. It is concluded that axillo-axillary by-pass is a simple
      solution for a complex haemodynamic, clinical and therapeutic problem.

PMID- 6446049
TI  - Ipratropium for chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6446050
TI  - Use of the progestogen challenge test to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
AB  - In contrast to several retrospective studies reporting an increased risk of
      endometrial cancer during the mid-1970s, especially in estrogens.gen-treated
      postmenopausal women, the number of cancers at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center
      has steadily declined despite continued estrogen use. In a 4-year study from 1975
      to 1978, there were 17 adenocarcinomas of the endometrium during 10,872 patient
      years of observation, for an overall annual incidence of 156.4:100,000 women. The
      highest incidence of endometrial cancer (359.1:100,000) was found in those women
      using estrogens alone. The lowest incidence of cancer was observed in the
      estrogen-progestogen users (56.4:100,000) and was significantly lower (P less
      than .01) than that found in the estrogen users. The incidence of corpus
      malignancy in the estrogen-progestogen users was also significantly lower (P less
      than .05) than that observed in the untreated women (248.3:1000,000). The
      progestogen challenge test has been devised to identify postmenopausal women at
      greatest risk for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. It is concluded that the use
      of this test will reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in both estrogen-treated
      postmenopausal women and women with increased endogenous estrogens.

PMID- 6446051
TI  - Tuboovarian abscess following laparoscopic sterilization with silicone rubber
      bands.
AB  - Laparoscopic tubal sterilization utilizing Silastic rings generally has been free
      of infection except when technical complications occur during the procedure. The
      development of a unilateral tuboovarian abscess in 2 women who had undergone
      uncomplicated laparoscopic tubal interruption 1 month earlier is reported. In
      both patients, the pathogens cultured from abscess and/or blood were common
      members of vaginal-cervical flora, suggesting the infection occurred after the
      procedure via the ascending route.

PMID- 6446052
TI  - Laparoscopy or minilaparotomy for sterilization of women.
AB  - A prospective randomly controlled study was conducted on 200 women undergoing
      sterilization by application of clips to the fallopian tubes. Laparotomy or
      laparoscopy was used, and the patients' response to the procedure was evaluated.
      There were few surgical complications. Postoperative pain and discomfort were
      experienced for a mean of 2.7 and 2.4 days in the those undergoing minilaparotomy
      and laparoscopy, respectively. The patients' response indicates a marginal
      benefit from the laparoscopic approach to application of clips to the fallopian
      tubes.

PMID- 6446053
TI  - Timing of laparoscopic sterilization in abortion patients.
AB  - A total of 1604 laparoscopic sterilization procedures with variable time
      intervals after first trimester therapeutic abortion were performed at the
      Severance Hospital of the Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,
      from May 1973 to October 1975. Two hundred fourteen women were sterilized
      immediately at the time of abortion; 359 were sterilized between 1 and 42 days
      later; and the remaining 1031 women were sterilized 43 or more days after
      abortion. Electrocoagulation and tubal ring application were the tubal occlusion
      techniques used. The findings indicate that patients who underwent the combined
      abortion-sterilization procedure did not encounter higher rates of technical
      problems and/or complications than the other 2 groups. Only a few of these 1604
      women studied had potentially serious complications that necessitated subsequent
      laparotomy, hospitalization after sterilization, and/or hospital readmission.

PMID- 6446055
TI  - [Problems of smoking, alcohol and drug addiction in prisoners (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446054
TI  - [Results of a structurized discussion within the framework of abortion with
      particular reference to problems of pregnancy, conflict and related topics
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446056
TI  - [Different times of arrival for admission (time of the day and exact day of the
      week) of male and female hospitalised psychiatric patients. A long term psycho
      social epidemiological study (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446057
TI  - [Outbreak of salmonellosis through raw milk consumption (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446058
TI  - [Rate of participation in mass examinations for early detection of cancer and the
      problem of their effectiveness (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446059
TI  - [Disinfection of respiratory apparatus with formaldehyde in the aseptor (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6446060
TI  - [Emergency equipment of health welfare and public health offices in respect of
      equipment and necessary drugs (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446061
TI  - [Results of laboratory examinations performed on Vietnamese arrivals in Europe
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446062
TI  - [Yersiniosis and its importance in the protection against epidemics (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6446063
TI  - [Living conditions of families of foreign workers in a medium-sized industrial
      city: description using examples of Turkish workers in a big industrial firm. A
      social hygiene study].

PMID- 6446064
TI  - [Participation of the population in mass health examinations in Austria - a
      socioscientific analysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446065
TI  - [Epidemiological methods in health education (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446066
TI  - [Psychosurgery, a method of treatment for forensic psychiatric patients?
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446067
TI  - [Public health system in Oman (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446068
TI  - [Mechanism of action of fibrinolysin and a verification of the efficacy of its
      use in traumatic hemophthalmos].

PMID- 6446070
TI  - [Kiamal Kafar ogly Mageramov].

PMID- 6446069
TI  - [Structural and biochemical changes in the bone-cartilage tissues of the hip
      joint in fractures and pseudarthroses of the femur neck].

PMID- 6446071
TI  - [Frequency and structural characteristics of fractures in childhood].

PMID- 6446072
TI  - [Mucopolysaccharide metabolism after alloplasty with articular cartilage
      preserved at ultralow temperature].

PMID- 6446073
TI  - [Life cycle of the nematode, Abbreviata kazachstanica].
AB  - Data are given on the life cycle of the nematode Abbreviata kazachstanica. New
      intermediate hosts of the species have been established as follows: 10 species of
      Coleoptera, 8 species of Orthoptera and 1 species of Mantoptera. In the
      intermediate hosts larvae of A. kazachstanica moult twice and in 20 to 23 days
      (in Orthoptera) and 26 to 29 days (in Coleoptera) reach the invasional stage.
      Rana ridibunda and Gymnodactilus russovi served as experimental reservoir hosts.
      The scheme of the developmental cycle of the nematode is given.

PMID- 6446074
TI  - [New species of the genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) from
      Schizopygopsis stoliczkai].

PMID- 6446075
TI  - [Organization of sanatorium-health resort treatment and summer rest for children
      in North Ossetia].

PMID- 6446076
TI  - [Respiratory organ diseases in children in the 1st 7 years of life].

PMID- 6446077
TI  - [Effect of Eleutherococcus on respiratory viral infectious morbidity in children
      in organized collectives].

PMID- 6446078
TI  - Active sulfate reabsorption in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney:
      specificity, Na+ and HCO3- dependence.
AB  - Using the standing droplet technique in the proximal convolution and simultaneous
      microperfusion of the peritubular capillaries, the decrease in luminal sulfate
      concentration with time and the zero net flux transtubular concentration
      difference of sulfate (delta CSO42-) at 45 s was determined - the latter being
      taken as a measure of the rate of active sulfate reabsorption. Starting with 0.5
      mmol/l sulfate in both perfusates the delta CSO42- value of 0.35 mmol/l was
      approached exponentially with a half value time of 4.3 s. The delta CSO42- values
      in the early proximal and late proximal convolution did not deviate from each
      other. If the Na+ concentration in the perfusates was reduced, the delta CSO42-
      approached zero and extrapolated to a slightly negative value (Ci greater than
      Co). When 1 mmol/l ouabain was added to the perfusates delta CSO42- decreased by
      66% (the latter experiments were performed in the golden hamster which is more
      sensitive to ouabain than the rat). 1 mmol/l thiosulfate diminished delta CSO42-
      by 68% and 1 mmol/l molybdate by 24%. Omitting or replacing bicarbonate by HEPES
      or glycodiazine reduced the sulfate reabsorption significantly, while
      acetazolamide (0.1 mmol/l) and increasing the CO2-pressure from 4.66 to 14.0 kPa
      (i.e. 5-15% CO2) had no effect. SITS 1 mmol/l had no effect on sulfate
      reabsorption. The data indicate that the sulfate reabsorption is driven by a Na+
      gradient and inhibited by thiosulfate and molybdate, i.e. molecules which have a
      similar tetrahedral molecule structure. The sulfate reabsorption depends in an
      undefined manner on the presence of bicarbonate ions.

PMID- 6446079
TI  - Tubular transport processes in proximal tubules of hypothyroid rats.
      Micropuncture studies on isotonic fluid, amino acid and buffer reabsorption.

PMID- 6446081
TI  - [Dysimmune lymphadenopathy, erythroderma and hematologic disorders during
      carbamazepine treatment].

PMID- 6446080
TI  - Who is the nontraditional student?

PMID- 6446082
TI  - [Hypercalcemia, lumbosciatica and mammary tumefactions disclosing acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6446083
TI  - [The treatment of lumbosciatica by intra-discal injection of proteolytic enzymes
      (nucleolysis). 80 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Proteolytic enzymes originated from carica papaya, injected extra durally in the
      lumbar intervertebral disc of 80 patients suffering from intractable root pain
      due to herniated discs, led to 85% of satisfactory results as far as root pain is
      concerned. Strong motivation and appropriate deals with residual lumbar pain
      which was absent or kept under control in 85% of all cases. Surgery can be
      successfully carried out after nucleolysis, when an adherent root and/or an
      extruded fragment is responsible of the failure.

PMID- 6446084
TI  - [Hernias of the semilunar line of Spigel].

PMID- 6446085
TI  - Employment rights of handicapped nurses: error in Trageser.

PMID- 6446086
TI  - [Our work with handicapped and non-handicapped children].

PMID- 6446087
TI  - [Influence of cultivation temperature on the development of functionally active
      photoregulatory systems in cells of Neurospora crassa and Physarum polycephalum].
AB  - Illumination with a visible light is known to induce accumulation of colored
      carotenoid pigments in mycelial cells on Neurospora crassa and sporulation of
      starved macroplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. In both microorganisms, the
      temperature, at which they are cultivated in the dark, controls manifestation of
      the photoregulation processes in the cells subsequently exposed to light. The
      maximal rate of photoinduced accumulation of carotenoids in N. crassa is
      observed, when the cells are grown in the dark at 25-28 degrees C; the highest
      photoinduction of P. polycephalum sporulation takes place, if microplasmodia are
      grown in the dark at 21-23 degrees C and macroplasmodia are starved at no more
      than 23 degrees C. Both a 5 degree C rise and fall of the temperature of dark
      cultivation from the optimum dramatically inhibits the cell ability for
      photoresponse. This inhibition is not associated with suppression of cell growth
      processes: temperature rise at the dark period up to 32 degrees C for N. crassa
      and 25-27 degrees C for P. polycephalum brings the subsequent photoresponse to a
      minimum but does not produce any negative effect on the growth rate. It is
      concluded that temperature affects specifically processes of formation of
      functionally active photoregulatory systems.

PMID- 6446088
TI  - [Khakimov Khadzhi Akbarovich (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 6446089
TI  - [In memory of Anatolii Efimovich Kiselev].

PMID- 6446090
TI  - The effects of butacaine hemisulfate on brain and heart catecholamine
      concentrations of the mouse.

PMID- 6446091
TI  - Guanidines and biguanides.

PMID- 6446092
TI  - Recording and evaluation of isotonic and isometric contractions of skeletal
      muscle in situ.
AB  - A procedure is described for obtaining records and identifying curves of isotonic
      and isometric contractions (both tetanic and twitch) of the gastrocnemius muscle
      of the rabbit in situ. The experimental conditions have made it possible to
      follow the above mentioned phenomena and to measure further parameters in series
      at sequentially altered muscle lengths and loads acting in the course of isotonic
      contractions.

PMID- 6446093
TI  - The reticular formation differentiates heterotopic stimuli.
AB  - The role of the reticular formation (RF) in discriminative functions was studied
      in experiments on anaesthetized cats. In this association, a) the variability of
      responses in the RF (bipolarly recorded potential gradients - PG) to the same
      stimuli, and b) the responses of the RF to different (heterotopic) stimuli were
      recorded. The PG pattern in electrical stimulation of the same source (a nerve,
      skin) was constant during the time periods studied (several tens of minutes);
      even when the functional state of the RF was modified with strychnine, the basic
      characteristics of the responses usually remained intact. The pattern of PG
      generated by natural stimulation (tapping) was likewise reproduced with exactness
      at the level of statistical significance. Responses evoked from reciprocally
      remote receptor areas were manifestly different, at least in one of the depths
      investigated. The differences in stimulation of topically close areas were small.
      The results show that the RF, through its reactions, can differentiate
      heterotopic stimuli.

PMID- 6446094
TI  - The effect of excess K+ on two different tricarboxylate cycles in rat brain
      cortex slices.
AB  - The authors compared, in rat brain cortex slices, the oxidation of labelled
      glucose and acetate and the conversion of these precursors into amino acids
      during incubation in control salt-glucose medium and in medium with 47 mM K+,
      with the aim of determining with which of the two determinable tricarboxylate
      cycles raised oxygen consumption is associated in the presence of excess K+.
      Under the experimental conditions it was found that from U-[14C]-glucose more
      than double the amount of [14C]-CO2 was formed and that the rate of [14C]
      incorportation into the amino acids was likewise roughly doubled. This is
      indicative of activation of processes in the tricarboxylate cycle associated with
      the large glutamate pool. Incorporation from 1-[14C]-acetate into the total amino
      acids was not affected. Specific activity in glutamate and asparate was more than
      doubled, while glutamine specific activity fell to less than half. [14C]-CO2
      production fell to 65%. This shows that the tricarboxylate cycle associated with
      the small glutamate pool, which is probably localized in the glia cells, did not
      participate in raised oxygen consumption in the presence of excess K+.

PMID- 6446095
TI  - Cell-free protein synthesis in muscles of piglets with splayleg.

PMID- 6446096
TI  - Effects of noradrenaline and the blood perfusion rate on the oxygen consumption
      of intact and isolated muscles of cold-acclimated rats.
AB  - The authors studied the effect of the blood perfusion rate and of noradrenaline
      (NA) on the oxygen consumption of the isolated hind limb and on the partly - and
      vascularly completely - isolated cranial gracilis muscle of cold-acclimated rats.
      Oxygen consumption of the limb was stimulated by a raised perfusion rate together
      with growth of the oxygen extraction coefficient and by NA, which also raised
      oxygen consumption when the perfusion rate was constant. Oxygen consumption of
      the partly isolated muscle was likewise stimulated by a raised perfusion rate,
      but without a simultaneous increase in the oxygen extraction coefficient. In the
      vascularly completely isolated muscle, a raised perfusion rate had only a
      transient stimulant effect on oxygen consumption. In the partly and the
      completely isolated muscle, NA raised the arteriovenous difference in the blood
      oxygen content and organ resistance independently of each other. The calorigenic
      effect of NA, which was determined by the ratio of the two effects, did not
      exceed 34% above the resting level. The conclusions that the thermogenesis of
      resting muscle can be controlled by the blood flow on the basis of a mechanism
      other than the limitation of oxygen or substrates supply, and that NA acts
      independently of oxygen extraction from the blood and of the blood flow, show the
      blood flow to be a mechanism at organ level, which participates in the control of
      nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6446097
TI  - Effect of realimentation after several days' pure carbohydrate intake on DNA
      synthesis in regenerating rat liver.
AB  - The authors studied the effect of realimentation after several days' isolated
      glucose or fructose intake on DNA synthesis in liver regenerating after partial
      hepatectomy (PH) (65-70%) or after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning 1.5
      ml/kg. Two days before PH or the administration of CCl4 and two days after, the
      experimental rats were given glucose (50% solution) of fructose (50% solution) as
      the only source of energy. Rats with PH were then fed for one day on a standard
      laboratory diet (25 cal% protein) or a high protein diet (81 cal% protein). Rats
      with CCl4 liver damage were fed for one day on the standard laboratory diet only.
      In the rats given glucose, liver DNA synthesis and the total amount of these
      nucleic acids in the liver 48 hours after CCl4 administration was lower than in
      the controls or the rats given fructose. In all the experimental groups (PH and
      CCl4), stimulation of liver DNA synthesis was observed after one day's
      realimentation. The total DNA content of the liver of rats with PH rose markedly
      during realimentation. The experiments indicate that the regenerative activity of
      damaged liver can be influenced by the nutritional regimen.

PMID- 6446098
TI  - Effect of intermittent fasting followed by cold on growth, formation of reserves
      and energy metabolism in the golden hamster.
AB  - Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were subjected to intermittent fasting for
      six weeks, for three of which their environmental temperature was reduced to 4
      degrees C. They were compared with a control group (fed ad libitum and kept at 22
      degrees C), a group subjected six weeks only to intermittent fasting at 22
      degrees C and a group fed ad libitum for six weeks, but exposed to a temperature
      of 4 degrees C after the third week. The effect of these various nutritional and
      temperature regimens on growth, on food consumption, on the formation of liver
      glycogen and lipid reserves and on energy metabolism was studied. Adaptation to
      cold raised the hamsters' food intake above the hyperphagia level observed during
      intermittent fasting. Cold and intermittent fasting acted synergically in raising
      basal oxygen consumption values and reducting the amount of body lipids. They
      acted antagonistically on the liver glycogen concentration; when they were used
      simultaneously, the effect of intermittent fasting preponderated.

PMID- 6446099
TI  - Dopaminergic modulation of the adenohypophyseal reaction to oestradiol:
      interaction of perphenazine with the thyroid hormones.
AB  - In male and female rats, oestradiol raises adenohypophyseal weight, the thyroxine
      binding capacity of the adenohypophyseal proteins and the blood ceruloplasmin
      (polyphenol oxidase) level and reduces the ascorbic acid concentration in the
      hypothalamus. Simultaneous administration of the thyroid hormones inhibits all
      these reactions. The simultaneous administration of perphenazine (a dopaminergic
      neurone inhibitor) potentiates the adenohypophyseal and ceruloplasmin reaction,
      but does not modify the hypothalamic ascorbic acid reaction. Perphenazine
      combined with the thyroid hormones blocks the latters' inhibitory effect on the
      adenohypophyseal, ceruloplasmin and hypothalamic ascorbic acid reaction to
      oestradiol. The possible mechanisms by which perphenazine blocks the inhibitory
      effect of the thyroid hormones are discussed.

PMID- 6446100
TI  - Universal preprocessing CAMAC modules.

PMID- 6446101
TI  - 86Rb uptake by the liver and other organs of rats subjected to partial
      hepatectomy, splenectomy or both operations simultaneously.

PMID- 6446102
TI  - Unilateral nephrectomy and intake of 0,6% NaCl solution as a complex
      hypertensogenic stimulus in Brattleboro rats: its age-dissociation.

PMID- 6446103
TI  - Paediatric physiotherapy in the community.

PMID- 6446104
TI  - Acne vulgaris and its management.

PMID- 6446105
TI  - Orthoses for the severely handicapped--rational or empirical choice.

PMID- 6446106
TI  - 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate: a new bone imaging agent with a low tin
      content.
AB  - A prospective double-blind comparison of 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate
      (HMDP) and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) as bone-seeking agents was
      performed with 102 patients. Densitometry showed that both cancellous/compact
      bone and cancellous bone/soft-tissue ratios were greater with HMDP (p less than
      0.05); compact bone/soft-tissue and bone lesion/normal bone ratios were the same
      with both agents. Bone delineation, soft-tissue uptake, and overall image quality
      were the same with both agents. The HMDP formulation contained 78% fewer stannous
      ions and had a longer useful life after technetium labeling than MDP.

PMID- 6446107
TI  - Enhancement of PGI2 formation by a new vasodilator, 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate
      in the coupled system of platelets and aortic microsomes.
AB  - Exogenous arachidonate addition to the coupled system of platelets and aortic
      microsomes resulted in production of TXA2 and PGI2 (detected as the stable
      degradation products, TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, respectively). Imidazole,
      papaverine and dipyridamole increased PGI2 and decreased TXA2 in the coupled
      system. All of these agents inhibited TXA2 formation by platelets from
      arachidonate. Nitroglycerin did not show any effect on PGI2 and TXA2 formation in
      the coupled system and on TXA2 formation by platelets. In contrast with these
      compounds, in spite of showing no inhibitory effect on TXA2 formation by
      platelets alone, 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75) increased PGI2 and decreased
      TXA2 in the coupled system. It is suggested that SG-75 accelerated the conversion
      of PGH2 to PGI2 so that smaller amounts of TXA2 was produced in the coupled
      system.

PMID- 6446108
TI  - [Radiation decomposition of humic substances in landfill disposal leachate.-
      Molecular-weight distribution and IR absorption spectra (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446109
TI  - [Morbidity and mortality of complicatoins of auricular suppurations].

PMID- 6446110
TI  - [Chronic laryngitis in children].

PMID- 6446111
TI  - [Pharyngolaryngeal allergic manifestations].

PMID- 6446112
TI  - [Hemorrhages in surgical operations on the pharyngeal lymphoid organs].

PMID- 6446113
TI  - [Injuries of the larynx. Etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment].

PMID- 6446114
TI  - [Seroimmunological changes after cryotherapy in cancers of the upper
      aerodigestive tract and of the tracheobronchopulmonary tract].

PMID- 6446115
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal extramedullary plasmocytoma].

PMID- 6446116
TI  - [Amyloidosis with a double pharyngolaryngeal localization].

PMID- 6446117
TI  - [Current clinical and therapeutic aspects of acute obstructive laryngitis in
      children].

PMID- 6446118
TI  - [Unusual complications of chronic otomastoiditis].

PMID- 6446119
TI  - [Evolutive dramatism of a tracheal adenoma].

PMID- 6446120
TI  - [Laparoscopy in gynecology and obstetrics. Current possibilities].

PMID- 6446121
TI  - [Peritoneal nodulations: value of laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis
      between tuberculosis, carcinomatosis and peritoneal pseudomyxoma].

PMID- 6446122
TI  - [Laparoscopy in patients with previous abdominal surgery].

PMID- 6446123
TI  - Learning to dress: a fundamental skill toward independence for the disabled.

PMID- 6446124
TI  - The role of a therapeutic running program in rehabilitation.

PMID- 6446125
TI  - [Biofeedback therapy].

PMID- 6446126
TI  - [Experimental histochemical research in cerebral edema caused by hypoxia and
      hypercapnia].

PMID- 6446127
TI  - [Characteristics of intracranial tumors in children].

PMID- 6446128
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degenerescence syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 6446129
TI  - [Clinico-statistical study of alcoholism in males].

PMID- 6446130
TI  - [Clinico-catamnestic aspects of affective psychoses of the pre-senescent period].

PMID- 6446131
TI  - [Von Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6446132
TI  - [Dr. George Constantinescu].

PMID- 6446133
TI  - [Medical criteria for assistance in delictual-judiciary psychopathology].

PMID- 6446134
TI  - [The health of those who care for others].

PMID- 6446135
TI  - Care for developmentally disabled infants and children.

PMID- 6446136
TI  - [Treatment of Paget's disease of bone].

PMID- 6446137
TI  - [Histological and histochemical changes in the hip joint capsule in arthrosis in
      elderly patients. Study of 57 surgical and 28 autopsy specimens].
AB  - The authors make a histological and histochemical study of the articular capsule,
      in arthrosis and senescence. They basically observe fibrosis and a decrease of
      the elastic tissue in aged subjects and an increase in the level of acid
      mucopolysaccharides of the interstitial in more than 50% of arthrosics. There are
      also micro-deposits of amyloid substances in more than 25% of subjects over
      eighty. This study provides an argument in favor of the opinion of Lagier
      according to which arthrosis should not be considered the same as a manifestation
      of senescence. On the other hand, it appears that microscopic amyloidose of the
      articular capsule of the old patient is not related to arthrosic phenomena but
      rather constitutes a local manifestation of senescence.

PMID- 6446138
TI  - [Clinico-radiological correlation of the dorsal spine in a population of
      workers].
AB  - A prospective study of the dorsal spine was done in 337 workers chosen at random,
      in the aim of determining whether there was a clinical and radiological
      correlation, and the possible influence of the type and duration of work done on
      the appearance of the disorders. The series was composed of 265 men (19-63 years
      old) and 72 women (27-63 years old). Thirty-five per cent of the overall series
      complained of dorsal pain (53% in the women, 30% in the men). In one third of
      cases, the problems lead to work stoppage, and about 8% had to change jobs. Sixty
      six per cent of the overall group showed some radiological change, without there
      being a significanct difference between the two clinical groups. Sixty-two point
      five per cent of the symptomatic group showed some radiological change. The
      presence of dysplasia, static changes and arthroses was observed in similar
      percentages in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The exercise index has no
      relation with the symptoms since it was very similar in the two groups. The
      individuals with an above-average exercise index showed a higher incidence of
      arthrosis, but only in the group of men more than forty years old (this was
      statistically significant). As was to be expected, the incidence of arthrosis
      increases with age, without a difference between the two groups. Arthrosis was
      much more frequent in cases of major vertebral dysplasia (cuneiform or trapezoid
      vertebra), 56% of cases, than in those with minimal dysplasia (Schmorl's nodule,
      irregularities of the apexes), 24%, and in cases of dysplasia, 29%.

PMID- 6446139
TI  - [Long term development of recurrent lumbagos. Apropos of 81 cases].
AB  - Retrospective history and examination have been performed in 81 patients
      presenting with recurrent acute low back pain. Mean age of onset of first episode
      was 33 years and 52 years for the last one. Higher frequency of acute low back
      pain is observed between 45 and 50 years. After 60 years, nearly 33 percent of
      this population had painful back syndrom clinically identical to previous
      episodes. 75 percent had chronic intercurrent low back pain. Severity of low back
      pain episode was not a constant during period of observation. Only 16 percent had
      a definite sciatica. Review of all preventive therapy did not show any specific
      efficiency. At the end of study only 12 percent have no low back pain. However,
      more than a third have a normal clinical examination of lumbar spine.

PMID- 6446140
TI  - Fine specificity and cytolytic activity of continuously growing alloreactive
      cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones.
AB  - The role of Lyt 1+ T-cell-derived secondard CTL inducing factor allowed the
      cloning of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by the limiting dilution
      approach. Several monoclonal cell lines were established in vitro. The lytic
      activity of some of the cell lines exceeded that of CTL from bulk cultures; that
      is, 50% of the target cells were lysed at an effector to target cell ratio of
      0.04:1. The fine specificity of individual CTL clones is discussed.

PMID- 6446141
TI  - Excessive suppressor T-cell activity of the rheumatoid synovial tissue in X
      linked hypogammaglobulinaemia.
AB  - Patient K.L. with X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia showed excessive suppressor T
      cell activity both in the  lymphocytes from the rheumatoid synovial tissue and in
      the peripheral blood lymphocyte compartment. This was in marked contrast to the
      findings in the lymphocytes from synovial tissue of patients with classical
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which were clearly deficient in suppressor T-cell
      activity. These findings further support the existence of distinctly different
      pathogenetic mechanisms in the two types of rheumatoid inflammation. It also
      demonstrates that patients with X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia may have
      excessive suppressor T-cell activity not only in their peripheral blood
      lymphocytes but also in local chronic inflammatory tissue such as the rheumatoid
      joint inflammation.

PMID- 6446142
TI  - Micturition studies in hypospadiacs.
AB  - Micturition studies were performed pre-, inter- and postoperatively in a
      consecutive series comprising 148 unselected hypospadiacs, both short-term
      results (on average 1 3/12 years after the last operation) and long-term results
      (on average 6 3/12 years after the last operation) being recorded. The clinical
      material was subdivided into 6 age-groups and the results were compared with a
      control material comprising 176 males. Supernormal flow values were recorded
      preoperatively in 38% of hypospadiacs, normal values in 49% and subnormal in 13%.
      Interoperatively, after meatotomy had been performed in all hypospadiacs,
      normalization of the subnormal flow values was observed and supernormal values
      were recorded in 72% of the patients. Postoperatively, the supernormal flow
      values successively declined but the long-term results demonstrated supernormal
      values in 26% of the patients, while the remainder had normal maximum flow
      values. Preoperative micturition urethrocystography revealed pathological changes
      in 48/148: trabeculation in 29; trabeculation and diverticula in 5; and
      vesicoureteral reflux in 14. The highest incidence of changes was found in the
      age-group 4--10 years and the second highest in 2--4 years. Postoperative
      micturition urethrocystography revealed a successive regression of the
      pathological changes. The most marked regression was recorded when surgical
      treatment was started at the age of 2--4 years.

PMID- 6446143
TI  - Evaluation and prediction of back pain during military field service.
AB  - Questions regarding back pain in different body positions and earlier sick
      listing due to back disorders have been answered by 5093 men aged 23--47 (average
      age 37) who were about to do military field service. Fifty-three % reported that
      they had had back pain at some time and 14% stated that they had been sick-listed
      for more than one month in all due to back troubles. A subsample was subjected to
      a standardized physical examination of the back, average examination time 9 min,
      and the frequency and location of pain, stiffness of other impairments are given.
      Subjects who experienced back pain during the field service and whose military
      post was physically heavier than their civilian occupation had on an average
      lower isometric strength in abdominal muscles as well as in back muscles than
      other subjects. The physical examination of the lumbar spine was more efficient
      in separating subjects who experienced back pain during military field service,
      than information on earlier sick-listing due to back troubles and heaviness of
      the military post as compared to civilian occupation.

PMID- 6446144
TI  - Social factors associated with lumbosacral fusion.
AB  - The relationship between the end results of operative fusion of the lumbosacral
      spine and social and occupational factors was investigated. The series consisted
      of 133 patients operated on in 1968--75. The social background of 116 patients
      was clarified by the use of questionnaires in connection with the follow-up
      examination period 4.8 years postoperatively, on an average. The data were
      classified as far as possible according to the same principles as were used in
      the Finnish census of 1970. This made it possible to compare the present series
      with the total population. The average educational level and social status were
      found to be lower in this series, divorcees were more frequent, and the
      households were larger than in the population at large. Moreover, the age groups
      30--39 and 40--49 years were overrepresented. The end-results, postoperative
      working capacity in particular, correlated to a statistically significant extent
      with educational level, the kind of pre-operative work, occupational group,
      social group, number of children and size of the place of residence. It is
      concluded that social factors ought to be considered when selecting patients for
      lumbosacral fusion, even if an operation appears to be warranted on medical
      grounds alone. In addition, the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation for
      patients with low back pain is emphasized.

PMID- 6446145
TI  - Relation between the low back pain syndrome and x-ray findings. 3. Spina bifida
      occulta.
AB  - The relation between LBP and SBO was studied in 1244 subjects, of which 800 had
      LBP and 444 served as controls. Sex, age, occupational characteristics, spine
      curvatures, spinal movements and work history were compared. It is concluded that
      SBO does not play a causative role, does not cause a proneness to LBP and does
      not influence the chronicity of LBP. Some data seem to indicate that the severity
      of LBP may be increased by SBO.

PMID- 6446146
TI  - [Prevention of disability and the medical rehabilitation of patients is the most
      important task of public health organs].

PMID- 6446147
TI  - [Dispensary care of cardiovascular disease patients in a rural locality].

PMID- 6446148
TI  - [Health resort treatment of vibration disease].

PMID- 6446149
TI  - [Combined cranial and abdominal injury].

PMID- 6446150
TI  - [Development of public health in Ulyanovsk Province during the years of Soviet
      power].

PMID- 6446151
TI  - [Basic research results of the pharmacology departments of RSFSR medical
      institutes over the last 5 years (1973-1978)].

PMID- 6446152
TI  - [Development of the unpaid donor system in the RSFSR].

PMID- 6446153
TI  - [Joint work of a research institute with public health institutions in improving
      orthopedic and traumatological care for the population].

PMID- 6446154
TI  - [Postoperative treatment of stomach cancer at health resorts].

PMID- 6446155
TI  - [Rehabilitative treatment of patients after a kidney transplant].

PMID- 6446156
TI  - Relation between the structure of the annulus fibrosus and the function and
      failure of the intervertebral disc.
AB  - A simple model is presented that explains the observed function and failure of
      the intervertebral disc in compression, torsion, and bending; this model is based
      upon the observed arrangement of collagenous fibers in the annulus fibrosus. The
      fibers are considered to have the same mechanical properties as tendon; thus the
      stresses required to produce a given deformation and which irreversibly damage
      the fibers can be predicted. Predictions of the mechanical behavior of the disc
      are in good agreement with published results for compression and torsion; no
      comparable experiments have been performed for bending. It is further predicted
      that torsion and bending are likely to cause annular failure and protrusion.
      Failure is likely to occur posteriorly because of the effect of forward bending
      and because in the flattened and reentrant discs of the lumbar spine, torsional
      stress is concentrated at the points of maximum curvature. The structure of the
      disc tends to protect the collagenous fibers in forward bending and torsion.
      Compression is predicted to cause end-plate fracture rather than annular failure.

PMID- 6446157
TI  - Nonorganic physical signs in low-back pain.
AB  - Nonorganic physical signs in low-back pain are described and standardized in 350
      North American and British patients. These nonorganic signs are distinguishable
      from the standard clinical signs of physical pathology and correlate with other
      psychological data. By helping to separate the physical from the nonorganic they
      clarify the assessment of purely physical pathologic conditions. It is suggested
      also that the nonorganic signs can be used as a simple clinical screen to help
      identify patients who require more detailed psychological assessment.

PMID- 6446158
TI  - Epidemiology and impact of low-back pain.
AB  - Disorders of the lumbar spine are among the most common medical problems in
      western countries, affecting up to 80% of people at some time during their lives.
      The epidemiology and impact of six specific disorders of the lumbar spine are
      reviewed. These include prolapsed discs, disc degeneration, osteoarthrosis of the
      apophyseal joints, fractures and dislocations of vertebrae, osteoporosis, and
      spondylolisthesis. Various mechanical factors contribute to the causation of most
      of these disorders, but other underlying pathologic mechanisms are important as
      well. In light of the great impact of these conditions on society and on
      individuals, it is concluded that there is a considerable need for a greater
      allocation of resources for improvement in methods of prevention, diagnosis, and
      treatment.

PMID- 6446159
TI  - A new method of quantitative measurement of abdominal and back muscle strength.
AB  - A new method of quantitative measurement with a cybex machine is applied to the
      trunk muscles. The curves of muscle torque and muscle fatigue are easily obtained
      in clinical medicine. In normal controls, maximal muscle torque is greater in
      back muscles than in abdominal muscles, and the definite influence of aging is
      found in both muscles. Furthermore, the trunk muscles are more easily fatigued by
      a sustained contraction than by repeated contractions, and abdominal muscles are
      more easily fatigued than back muscles. The role of the trunk muscles in the
      mechanism of pain production and prevention is still to be determined.

PMID- 6446160
TI  - Intraabdominal pressure response to loads applied to the torso in normal
      subjects.
AB  - The study is an investigation into the form of the abdominal pressure reflex in
      normal individuals under isometric loading of the torso. Various directions of
      load are imposed, and both flexed and upright postures are adopted. The
      sensitivity of the pressurization to the applied moment is calculated, the form
      of the response being linear in each case. The results show that the response
      sensitivity varies with subject posture and mass and with the direction and site
      of loading. The highest sensitivities are in response to extensor moments and the
      lowest, when the torso is flexed. It would appear that the supportive influence
      of the trunk cannot be considered constant under all loading conditions, nor can
      a single explanation of its function be adequate under both extensor and flexor
      applied moments.

PMID- 6446161
TI  - The relation between biomechanical and psychological factors in patients with low
      back pain.
AB  - Behavioral factors are increasingly being recognized for their role in
      determining the course and outcome of low-back disorders. This paper examines the
      relation between behavioral variables, which include psychological symptoms and
      pain tolerance, and biomechanical variables. The majority of the 89 patients
      tested could be classified into two groups. One group was intolerant of pain and
      showed reduced spinal mobility, restricted straight leg raising, and altered
      flexor-extensor muscle balance. The other group was more tolerant of pain and did
      not show restriction of motion or muscle imbalance. Spinal mobility was also
      related to psychological symptoms. A model is proposed which points to a feedback
      between spinal motion and the patient's ability to cope with pain as one
      mechanism that determines return to a functional range of motion.

PMID- 6446162
TI  - Intraabdominal pressure rise during weight lifting as an objective measure of low
      back pain.
AB  - Twenty-three male patients who had chronic nonspecific low-back pain were asked
      to record the amount of pain they felt on an arbitrary scale while lifting light
      weights in different directions. During the lifts their intraabdominal pressures
      were recorded with an intragastric transducer. The patients who experienced extra
      pain during the lift had higher rises of pressure than both normal controls and
      those patients who did not experience extra pain. The available evidence suggests
      that this pressure rise may be a response to low-back pain and may be used as a
      method of objectively measuring that pain.

PMID- 6446163
TI  - Percutaneous lumbar medial branch neurotomy: a modification of facet denervation.
AB  - Percutaneous lumbar medial branch neurotomy is a technique for facet denervation
      in which the target is specifically the medial branch of the dorsal ramus. The
      radiology of the technique is illustrated, and the technical aspects of the
      procedure are described. The accuracy of previous techniques for facet
      denervation as compared with medial branch neurotomy is reviewed in a comparative
      analysis of radiographs illustrating the various techniques. It is suggested that
      the greater accuracy of medial branch neurotomy will permit a more adequate trial
      of the rationale and efficacy of facet denervation.

PMID- 6446165
TI  - Volvo Awards Speech: research in low back pain.

PMID- 6446164
TI  - The prevalence and nature of back pain in an industrial complex: a questionnaire
      and radiographic and HLA analysis.
AB  - A questionnaire relating to presence and nature of back pain was distributed to
      all 10,150 employees (59% men) of an industrial complex. The questionnaire was
      returned by 2892 subjects (65% men). Of these, 1880 (65% of responders or 19% of
      total) reported a history of back pain. One hundred twenty-four described their
      back pain as insidious in onset, persisting for at least three months, developing
      at less than 40 years of age, being associated with morning stiffness, and
      showing improvement with exercise. Three hundred sixty-seven subjects scored four
      of these five features. Pelvic radiographs of 342 persons were available for
      blind evaluation. Sixteen patients (12 men) were shown to have definite
      ankylosing spondylitis (Grade III or IV sacroiliitis or HLA B27-associated Grade
      II sacroiliitis). Only one of these persons was known to have spondylitis. The
      majority of these symptomatic patients had been seen by both medical and
      nonmedical practitioners.

PMID- 6446166
TI  - Backache and the lumbar spinal canal.
AB  - This paper records measurement of the lumbar spinal canal by diagnostic
      ultrasound in more than 700 subjects from early infancy until the age of 65
      years. It demonstrates the range of canal size in a South Yorkshire population.
      The canal is relatively wide in children, reaches a maximum diameter in the late
      teens, and reduces slightly by late adult life. This does not appear to be
      related to occupation. Comparisons are made with more than 700 patients with
      symptoms of back pain, especially patients with disabling disc symptoms, root
      entrapment syndrome, and neurogenic claudication. The size of the central canal
      is particularly significant in patients who have neurogenic claudication and disc
      symptoms. It is less significant in root entrapment syndrome.

PMID- 6446167
TI  - Laparoscopy.
AB  - It has been the purpose of this presentation to detail a safe technique for
      performance of laparoscopy. Emphasis has also been placed on potentially serious
      complications and how they can be avoided. This procedure employs highly
      technical equipment, and the surgeon should have formal training in the
      technique. It is essential to have an in-depth knowledge of the use of optics,
      electrical principles, gas under pressure, and the physiologic changes that occur
      when carbon dioxide is placed in the abdominal cavity. Above all, the surgeon
      must adhere rigidly to guidelines for appropriate technique. Deviation will most
      assuredly result in complications and even death.

PMID- 6446168
TI  - Mechanism of traumatic shock.
AB  - Although many attempts have been made to demonstrate the existence of a shock
      producing toxin, little success has been attained. Traumatic shock is generally
      believed to be caused by simple loss of blood. Evidence is presented that tissue
      trauma causes hemolysis. Although hemoglobin is harmless, the stroma of the
      broken red cells is a clotting stimulant which, in the presence of the slow
      capillary flow of hemorrhagic shock, sustains a continuing disseminated
      intravascular coagulation. This disseminated intravascular coagulation produces a
      clotting defect, morbidity and death. The condition is not responsive to
      intravenously administered fluids but is responsive to fibrinolysin therapy.

PMID- 6446169
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course and early treatment of pulmonary embolism
      with heparin and thrombolytic agents (fibrinolysin and streptokinase)].

PMID- 6446170
TI  - [Immune complexes with pulmonary tissue antigens in chronic nonspecific lung
      diseases].

PMID- 6446171
TI  - Maternal fever and neural tube defects.
AB  - It has been proposed that hyperthermia in the pregnant woman is associated with
      neural tube defects in her offspring. We analyzed retrospective interview data
      for a maternal history of probable febrile illness during the first trimester of
      pregnancy among mothers of infants with anencephaly or spina bifida. There were
      two control groups--mothers of infants with Down syndrome and mothers of infants
      with cleft lip or palate. With the Down syndrome group serving as controls, the
      incidence of febrile illness among mothers of all infants with neural tube
      defects was significantly elevated. With the cleft group as controls, the fever
      incidence was not significantly increased in the neural tube defect groups. When
      the combined cleft and Down syndrome controls were used, only mothers of the
      spina bifida group had an elevated fever incidence. Epidemiology data suggest an
      association of maternal fever during pregnancy with neural tube defects in the
      offspring.

PMID- 6446172
TI  - Antifibrinolytic activity of human saliva components.

PMID- 6446173
TI  - New experimental congenital diabetic mice (N.S.Y. mice).
AB  - New experimental congenital diabetic mice were obtained in the descendants of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes was developed by the
      administration of strepotozotocin in normal adult I.C.R. mice, and then these
      mice were mated to obtain the F1 mice. The F1 mice with impaired glucose
      tolerance were mated within the siblings. The same process was repeated over
      several generations. The diabetic features of the spontaneously diabetic mice
      thus obtained were as follows: 1) The mice did not show a tendency toward
      obesity. 2) Glucose tolerance of these mice, especially after the F6 generation,
      was remarkably impaired. However, the elevation of the fasting blood glucose
      level was slight throughout the generations. We propose to designate the
      congenital diabetic mice as the N.S.Y. (Nagoya, Shibata, Yasuda) mice. The N.S.Y.
      mice are considered to be useful models for human diabetes.

PMID- 6446174
TI  - Changes in the activity of some hydrolases of the brain after the administration
      of methoxyethylmercuric chloride.

PMID- 6446176
TI  - Effects of short-term and long-term theobromine administration to male dogs.

PMID- 6446175
TI  - Inhibition by uranyl nitrate of adenosine triphosphatases derived from animal and
      human tissues.

PMID- 6446177
TI  - [X-ray data on the times of synostosis of the bones in the hand and distal
      portion of the forearm in girls and young women of Uzbek nationality from 11 to
      19 years of age].

PMID- 6446178
TI  - [Preparation for and the holding of the 1st All-Russian Congress of Forensic
      Specialists].

PMID- 6446179
TI  - [Electron microscopic detection of ATPase activity in insect muscle after
      fixation with different fixatives].
AB  - The distribution of ATPase activity in the flight muscle of Locusta migratoria L.
      was studied at the fine structural level after a brief fixation in formaldehyde
      or in glutaraldehyde. In both the cases, the final product of reaction -- fine
      grained electron dense precipitation--was clearly revealed in intact contractile
      muscle structures. The glutaraldehyde fixation provides a good preservation of
      all the ultrastructural components of muscle cell, and reveals deposites of the
      final product in sarcomeres at the resting length. However, after the
      glutaraldehyde fixation it is very difficult to recognize regions of fibrillar
      reaction on electronmicroscopic preparation. The formaldehyde fixation does not
      provide a good preservation of membranous structures. However after the
      formaldehyde fixation reacting regions are more extensive than after
      glutaraldehyde fixation, and, moreover, it is possible to demonstrate a
      correlation between the activity and the contraction of sarcomere.

PMID- 6446180
TI  - [Skin necrosis after treatment with phenindione (Dindevan)].

PMID- 6446181
TI  - Urokinase-induced fibrin clot lysis and its inhibition by plasma.
AB  - The kinetics of the urokinase-induced plasmin digestion of fibrin clots has been
      studied. Some theoretical aspects on the kinetics of the underlying enzyme
      reactions are presented. It is shown that the clot-lysis time may be used to
      measure the relative amounts of fibrinolysis inhibitors in plasma.

PMID- 6446182
TI  - Comparative study of the periurethral and perianal parts of the human levator ani
      muscle.
AB  - The present study has used histochemical and electron microscopic techniques to
      provide a quantitative comparison of the striated muscle fibre populations in the
      periurethral and perianal regions of the human levator ani muscle. Both regions
      consist predominantly of type I (slow twitch) fibres together with a small number
      of type II (fast twitch) fibres. However, marked differences have been
      demonstrated between the two regions with regard to proportions of the two fibre
      types, diameters of the constituent fibres and the distribution of muscle
      spindles. These observations are discussed in relation to the differing
      functional activity of the periurethral and perianal regions of the levator ani
      muscle.

PMID- 6446183
TI  - [Dioctophymiasis of the urinary system].

PMID- 6446185
TI  - [Ophthalmology in the Virgin Lands].

PMID- 6446184
TI  - [Intravitreal enzyme therapy and early transplantation of the vitreous body in
      experimental hemophthalmos].

PMID- 6446186
TI  - [Experience in organizing sanatorium-type Pioneer camps for children with myopia
      based on general health-improvement camps and the results of their treatment].

PMID- 6446187
TI  - [Improvement in the organization of hospital care for glaucoma patients].

PMID- 6446188
TI  - [Role of the specialized office in the early diagnosis of glaucoma].

PMID- 6446190
TI  - [In memoriam Prof. Boris Moiseevich Mlechin].

PMID- 6446189
TI  - [Importance of functional study methods in the diagnosis of occupational diseases
      of the upper respiratory tracts in workers engaged in the production of technical
      grade carbon].

PMID- 6446191
TI  - [Chronic laryngeal diseases in youth].

PMID- 6446192
TI  - [Use of the greater omentum in plastic repair of the abdominal wall for large,
      postoperative hernias].

PMID- 6446193
TI  - Dioctophyma renale in a dog (a case report).

PMID- 6446194
TI  - Suppression of lambda PRM- mutations by cin-1, a mutation creating a new promoter
      for leftward transcription of the cI gene.

PMID- 6446195
TI  - [Experience in organizing a specialized gastroenterology service at Borzhomi
      health resort].

PMID- 6446196
TI  - [Treatment of scleroderma in children at Pyatigorsk health resort].

PMID- 6446197
TI  - [Use of physical factors in the overall treatment of elderly patients with
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6446198
TI  - [Effect of cyclopentane naphthenic acids and hydrocarbons on hemato-encephalic
      barrier permeability].

PMID- 6446199
TI  - [Rare case of combined pathology in a newborn infant: Down's syndrome,
      Klinefelter's syndrome, congenital leukemia and multiple malformations].

PMID- 6446200
TI  - [Work experience of Nizhne-Ivkino Specialized Gastroenterology Sanatorium of
      Kirov Province].

PMID- 6446201
TI  - [Prognosis of lung cancer incidence in the Moldavian SSR].
AB  - A correlation is given between the actual figures of lung cancer incidence in the
      Moldavian SSR and those prognosticated for the peiod of 1972--77. The former were
      found to coincide with the latter. Based on some additional observations the rate
      of lung and stomach cancer incidence has been prognosticated till 2000.

PMID- 6446202
TI  - [Recognition and treatment of esophageal cancer patients in the Gur'ev province].

PMID- 6446203
TI  - [Differentiated methods of balneological treatment of systemic scleroderma in
      Pyatigorsk].

PMID- 6446204
TI  - [Grigorii Pavlovich Matveikov (on his 50th birthday)].

PMID- 6446205
TI  - [Functional state of suppressor T-cells in atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6446206
TI  - [Technic, indications and risks in genetic amniocentesis during early pregnancy].

PMID- 6446207
TI  - [Pyrophosphate-dependent D-fructose-6-phosphate-phosphotransferase in
      Rhodospirillaceae (author's transl)].
AB  - A pyrophosphate-dependent fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase from the
      photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum was partially purified and
      characterized in respect to kinetic and regulatory properties. The enzyme had a
      molecular weight of about 95 000 dalton and required Mg2+-ions for catalysis and
      maintenance of activity. The phosphotransferase was specific for fructose-6
      phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP) as substrates of the fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate-forming reaction (forward reaction). In the phosphate (Pi)
      dependent back reaction, the preferred substrate was fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
      (FBP). At optimal pH (7.2 for the forward, and 8.6 for the back reaction) the
      back reaction had a slightly higher Vmax than the forward reaction. The substrate
      saturation curves of the enzyme were all hyperbolic with intersecting kinetic
      pattern. The Km-values (in mM) at saturating MgCl2-concentration were: 0.38 (F-6
      P); 0.25 (PP); 0.02 (FBP) and 0.82 (Pi). The forward reaction was inhibited by
      ADP. The inhibition by ADP (Ki = 0.18 mM) was of the mixed type in respect to F-6
      P, but independent of the PP-concentration. The inhibition by AMP (Ki = 0.017 mM)
      was of a more complex type, because AMP not only decreased the Vmax of the F-6-P-
      or PP-saturation curve, but also increased the Hill-coefficient from nH = 1 to nH
      = 2.5 of the F-6-P-saturation curve. The inhibition of the back reaction by the
      two adenylates was less pronounced. ATP (at 2.5 mM), like citrate, inhibited the
      back reaction only at low MgCl2 concentration (1 mM) indicating that the
      inhibitory effect was due to the chelation of Mg2+. Out of 5 other species of the
      Rhodospirillaceae tested, the PP-dependent phosphofructokinase was only shown to
      present in Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa.

PMID- 6446208
TI  - [Experience in organizing specialized dermatological care for children in
      Leningrad].

PMID- 6446209
TI  - [Achievements of the dermatovenereological service in the Mordovian ASSR over the
      last 50 years].

PMID- 6446210
TI  - [Ointments on an emulsified base with pentol and sorbitanoleate in the prevention
      of skine lesions in furniture manufacture workers].

PMID- 6446211
TI  - [Corns from chewing: a unique form of dermatitis of the hands].

PMID- 6446212
TI  - [Prospects for using adaptogen preparations in dermatology].

PMID- 6446213
TI  - [Occupational vitiligo].

PMID- 6446214
TI  - [Dispensary care characteristics of patients with occupational dermatoses of
      chemical etiology in the presence of concomitant foot mycoses].

PMID- 6446215
TI  - [Basic stages in the dispensary care of onychomycosis patients].

PMID- 6446216
TI  - [Effect of high altitude hypoxia on the human EEG].
AB  - The paper presents the results of the comparative study of the EEG at alpine
      altitudes (Tuya -- Ashu pass, 3200 m) and at low altitudes (City of Frunze, 760 m
      above the sea level). The dynamics of EEG changes at different stages of
      adaptation to hypoxia is also traced. The obtained data show that the alpine
      hypoxia produces a considerable intensification of the excitation processes in
      the cerebral cortex. Different sensitivity to the oxigen shortage has been found
      in the frontal-temporal parts of the right and the left hemispheres.

PMID- 6446217
TI  - [Leading symptom: vertebral pain - a psychosomatic study].
AB  - Two different groups of patients (n about 40 each) having vertebral column pain
      as a common indicating symptom were studied using the Giessen-Test. The answers
      were interpreted on the basis of standard scales and single items. The findings
      were: The statements obtained from both groups suggest a basic disturbance in the
      area of being loved--not being loved, as well as conflicts in connection with
      aging or maturing. Spinal column patients from my practice must deal
      predominantly with feelings of inadequacy, whereas, in the patients from a
      sanatorium, these feelings became evident only indirectly in their
      overcompensation. These patients exhibit an image of themselves that can only be
      interpreted as an "ideal self-image". Accordingly, practice patients are
      perceptively more depressive in their fundamental disposition than the sanatorium
      patients. It seems as though the outbreak of vertebral column syndrome occurs
      when--as is often the case in threshold situations--feelings of inadequacy,
      especially those linked with losses of objects and love, can no longer be warded
      off by delusions of grandeur or their projections. On the other hand, the
      "sanatorium effect" seems to have an influence upon the stabilization of this
      defence mechanism.

PMID- 6446218
TI  - [General disability among the state farm workers of Krasnodar Territory].

PMID- 6446219
TI  - [Temporary work incapacity in the disabled].

PMID- 6446220
TI  - [Aspects of nonindustrial traumatism].

PMID- 6446221
TI  - [Attempt at studying medical care quality in a polyclinic].

PMID- 6446222
TI  - [Analysis of the errors in clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 6446223
TI  - [People's university of health in a plant].

PMID- 6446224
TI  - The ejector flowmeter as air/oxygen mixing device. An apparatus providing gas
      mixtures with adjustable oxygen content for high-flow humidification systems.
AB  - The ejector flowmeter is constructed for continuous removal of excess gas from
      anaesthetic circuits. This instrument can be used as an air/oxygen mixing device
      for high-flow humidification systems in wards where compressed air is not
      available. Pure oxygen is used as driving gas through the ejector. A nomogram has
      been constructed to show the relationship between oxygen driving pressure, inlet
      of air to the flowmeter, FIO2 and total outflow.

PMID- 6446225
TI  - Experimental studies on the afferent innervation of the cricothyroid muscle in
      dogs.
AB  - The cricothyroid muscle in dogs received branches from two independent nerves,
      namely the external ramus of the cranial laryngeal nerve and the pharyngeal
      branch of the vagus. Classical spindles are infrequent in the muscle. Atypical
      forms of sensory endings were identified. Two end-plates were frequently met with
      on a single extrafusal fibre. Sectioning of the external ramus of the cranial
      laryngeal nerve was followed by degeneration of spindles. Intact axons detected
      up to 6 months after operation are probably derived from the pharyngeal branch of
      the vagus. Chromatolytic changes occurred in the ipsilateral dorsal vagal nucleus
      and the capsulated ganglion at the entry of the nerve into the muscle.
      Chromatolysis occurred in the intramuscular ganglion cell rows and in neurons of
      the ipsilateral nodose ganglion. Morphological alterations were more pronounced
      in the ipsilateral medial column of the nucleus ambiguus. No changes were
      observed in the somata of the mesencephalic nucleus.

PMID- 6446226
TI  - Further characterization of human suppressor cells generated in mixed lymphocyte
      cultures.
AB  - Suppressor cells can be generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The studies
      reported here show that the cells responsible for suppression belong to
      relatively radioresistant T cells. Furthermore, to generate suppressor cells in
      MLC, the cells must be able to proliferate, while this is not necessary for
      expression of the suppressive capacity.

PMID- 6446227
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias and risk indicators of ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Three groups of men, 50 with manifest ischemic heart disease (IHD), 50 with risk
      indicators of IHD and 50 healthy men, were examined for ventricular arrhythmias
      with 24-hour Holter monitoring during normal work and home life. Ventricular
      arrhythmias were most frequent in the IHD, intermediate in the risk and least
      frequent in the control group. Multiform ventricular ectopic beats, but no other
      qualitative characteristic significantly discriminated the three groups. The
      following risk indicators were associated with ventricular arrhythmias: ageing,
      cardiac enlargement and smoking. The results suggest that long-term ECG
      monitoring may be of value for the detection of ventricular arrhythmias not only
      in men with clinical IHD, but also in those with merely risk indicators.

PMID- 6446228
TI  - Dimaprit inhibition of zymosan-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release from human
      granulocytes.
AB  - Histamine inhibits the in vitro release of granulocytic lysosomal beta
      glucuronidase when incubated with complement activated zymosan particles and this
      is an H2-receptor response. The highly specific histamine H2-receptor agonist,
      dimaprit, also inhibits this secretory enzyme release but is less potent (-log
      molar ED50 6.71 with histamine vs. -log ED50 5.97 with dimaprit, p less than
      0.05). No change in beta-glucuronidase release was found with the H1-agonst, 2-(2
      pyridyl)-ethylamine. The antagonist activity of metiamide was similar with the
      two agonists (KB = 2.9 x 10(-8) M with histamine and KB = 3.6 x 10(-8) M with
      dimaprit). Diphenhydramine did not change the granulocyte response to either
      histamine or dimaprit.

PMID- 6446229
TI  - Cardiovascular and behavioural changes after i.c.v. infusions of histamine and
      agonists in conscious goat.
AB  - Histamine (3 and 10 mumoles) raised the blood pressure in the conscious goat when
      given i.c.v. but lowered it when given intravenously. The results with 2-PEA
      support the view that central H1-stimulation raises the blood pressure. However,
      the results with dimaprit do not exclude the participation of central H2
      receptors in the effect of histamine on the blood pressure. It appears that in
      the goat the stimulation of central H1- and H2-receptors mediates opposite
      actions on behavour. H1-agonist increased and H2-agonist decreased the general
      activity of the animal.

PMID- 6446230
TI  - Pediatric case of the day. Case 1. Familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 6446231
TI  - Adapted physical activities: a many splendored thing.

PMID- 6446232
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in athletes a review.

PMID- 6446233
TI  - Huntington's disease.
AB  - Huntington's disease (chorea) is characterized by abnormal movements and
      dementia. It is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The age of onset is
      variable, but there is a tendency for the symptoms to begin at about the same age
      in affected members of a family. Haloperidol is commonly used to treat the
      chorea; there is no treatment for the dementia. Recent research has suggested
      abnormalities in tissue levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Treatment is
      supportive and should be provided by the family physician.

PMID- 6446234
TI  - Pathology of the heart in acromegaly: anatomic findings in 27 autopsied patients.

PMID- 6446235
TI  - The anatomic substrate for the sick sinus syndrome in adolescence.

PMID- 6446236
TI  - Electrocardiographic determinants of axis during left bundle branch block: study
      in patients with intermittent left bundle branch block.

PMID- 6446237
TI  - The cardiomyopathy of hypothyroidism revisited.

PMID- 6446238
TI  - alpha 1-Antitrypsin quantitative and qualitative (Pi phenotyping)
      characterization in Down syndrome subjects and in their parents.
AB  - Quantitative characterization and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) Pi phenotyping
      by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) were done
      on 84 patients with trisomy 21, divided into two groups, and on their parents.
      Group A consisted of 42 subjects whose parents were less than 30 years at the
      time of the patient's birth; group B, of 42 subjects whose parents were more than
      35 years. The results were compared with those found in a group of normal
      subjects. Statistical analysis of the Pi phenotype distribution and the frequency
      of variant phenotypes does not support a causal relationship between the Pi
      phenotype and the chromosomal errors responsible for Down syndrome.

PMID- 6446239
TI  - Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV B) associated with beta-galactosidase
      deficiency. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two male patients, aged 6 and 25, both with normal intelligence and absence of
      neurological abnormalities, exhibited dysostosis multiplex, dwarfism, odontoid
      anomalies, cloudy corneas, exessive excretion of keratan sulfate, and abnormal
      urinary oligosaccharides. Leukocytes and fibroblasts of both patients were
      deficient in acid beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and normal in N
      acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, the deficient enzyme in classical
      Morquio syndrome. The beta-gal deficiency was not due to an endogenous inhibitor,
      and the parents exhibited intermediate activities. Deficient beta-gal activity
      was observed toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta
      galactoside (4 MU-beta-gal), lactose, GM1 ganglioside, keratan sulfate, and
      asialofetuin (ASF). Under standard assay conditions, the residual activity was
      similar for all substrates tested. Toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-glactoside, the
      mutant enzyme behaved as a Km variant.

PMID- 6446240
TI  - Diffusion of a new beta-lactam (LY 127935) into cerebrospinal fluid. Implications
      for therapy of gram-negative bacillary meningitis.
AB  - LY 127935, a new oxa beta-lactam with an expanded gram-negative spectrum, was
      administered intravenously to seven patients, including two patients with
      documented gram-negative bacillary meningitis. In the patients receiving
      continuous therapy (2 g intravenously every 8 hours) cerebrospinal fluid trough
      levels of LY were never less than 6 micrograms/ml. Peak cerebrospinal fluid
      levels of LY ranged from 25 to 39 micrograms/ml and occurred approximately 2.5
      hours after the intravenous administration of the drug. Cerebrospinal fluid
      levels of LY were 19 per cent to greater than 100 per cent of simultaneous serum
      levels. Cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal activity was 1:4 to 1:256. Intravenous
      LY, because of its expanded gram-negative spectrum and excellent cerebrospinal
      fluid penetration, is a potentially useful antibiotic in the treatment of gram
      negative bacillary meningitis.

PMID- 6446241
TI  - How to avoid that aching back.

PMID- 6446242
TI  - Pain q3h.

PMID- 6446243
TI  - The incidence of abdominal surgical procedures in a population undergoing
      abortion.
AB  - The incidence of abdominal surgical procedures was determined in 11,885 patients
      undergoing termination of pregnancy. Thirty-eight abdominal surgical procedures
      were completed, an incidence of 3.9 per 1,000 abortion cases. Seventy-two percent
      were completed for the diagnosis and management of coexistent genital pathologic
      conditions, with the remainder required for the management of abortion
      complications. These data provide patients an estimate of their chances of having
      to undergo abdominal surgical procedures, prior to their making a final decision
      to have a pregnancy terminated.

PMID- 6446244
TI  - Dermatosis and lithium therapy.

PMID- 6446245
TI  - Variable severity of glomerulonephritis in inbred rats infected with Trypanosoma
      rhodesiense. Correlation with immunoglobulin class-specific antibody responses to
      trypanosomal antigens and total IgM levels.
AB  - Five strains of inbred rats (ACI, BUF, F344, WF and WL) were infected with
      Trypanosoma rhodesiense and killed at 28 days for renal pathology and serological
      studies. The BUF strain demonstrated the most consistent and severe
      glomerulonephritis, accompanied by high titer IgM antibodies to trypanosomes and
      high total IgM levels. The WL strain demonstrated mild glomerulonephritis but
      prominent PAS (+) intracytoplasmic inclusions in proximal convoluted tubules,
      accompanied by low titer IgM antibodies and slightly elevated total IgM levels.
      All strains had low to medium titer IgG1 and IgGa antibodies to trypanosomes.
      Serial serologic studies in BUF rats showed peak titers of IgM, IgGa and IgG1
      antibodies to trypanosomal antigens at 10 days. Immune complexes as measured by a
      C1q binding assay were elevated at 10 days, 3 days following the first detectable
      antibody responses, and remained so through the 30th day.

PMID- 6446246
TI  - [Cellular immunity in late pregnancy toxicosis].

PMID- 6446247
TI  - Fluorescence polarization assay of plasmin, plasminogen, and plasminogen
      activator.

PMID- 6446248
TI  - Effects of prostaglandins E-1, E-2, F-1a and F-2a on human sperm motility.
AB  - Effects of the addition of 100 micrograms each of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1a and
      F2a were seen on the motility, fructose utilization and total ATPase activity of
      human spermatozoa. PGE2 enhanced sperm motility and fructose utilization and
      decreased the whole sperm ATPase activity. While PGE1 had no effect on any of the
      parameters studied, PGF1a and PGF2a decreased sperm motility to some extent.
      Fructose utilization was reduced after PGF1a addition only. No change in the
      activity of ATPase was observed after treatment with F series of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6446249
TI  - [Increased reliability of cardiac monitoring control in intensive care wards].

PMID- 6446250
TI  - [Effect of clinical death from blood loss and asphyxia on the development of the
      Arthus phenomenon].

PMID- 6446251
TI  - Suppressor cell function in atopic diseases.
AB  - Atopic diseases are often characterized by high IgE levels and impaired cellular
      immune function. Defects in regulatory immune mechanisms have been identified in
      many other immunologic diseases. The authors examined non-specific spontaneous
      and concanavalin A generated suppressor function in 15 atopic patients using a
      new, simplified assay for suppressor cell function. Although three patients
      exhibited high spontaneous but little con A induced suppressor cell activity,
      there was no over-all difference in suppression between the atopic and normal
      control groups.

PMID- 6446252
TI  - Diagnostic value of gallium and bone scans in evaluation of extrapulmonary
      coccidioidal lesions.
AB  - The value of 67Ga and methylene diphosphonate labeled with 99mTc in detecting
      extrapulmonary lesions was evaluated in 12 patients win whom disseminated
      nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis developed after a single epidemic exposure in
      December 1977. Studies were performed with each radionuclide from 4 to 9 months
      after infection. Comparison of scintigraphy with radiography showed that eight of
      14 osteolytic lesions identified by radiography were present on the bone and
      gallium scans; four were present only on the gallium scan, and two were
      undetected. Of 15 additional lesions present in both scanning procedures, eight
      were not present in matching roentgenograms and seven were in unstudied areas.
      Gallium scans detected seven of 14 soft tissue lesions. Few diagnostically
      confusing noninfectious lesions were observed. Because nuclear scanning detected
      almost all lesions present in radiographs and demonstrated otherwise unrecognized
      lesions, scans should be performed in all patients in whom coccidioidal
      dissemination is suspected.

PMID- 6446253
TI  - Direct photoaffinity labeling of phosphofructokinase using adenosine derivatives.

PMID- 6446254
TI  - [A case of Winer's calcinosis within the framework of a dominant familial
      dermatosis associating keratoderma palmoplantaris and eruption of milia].

PMID- 6446255
TI  - [Alterations in fibrinolytic activity in 94 cases of oral surgery. Influence of
      stress (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446256
TI  - Chemical pathology of Huntington's disease.
AB  - Huntington's disease (HD), a dominantly inherited disorder of the nervous system,
      is usually manifest about middle age by dance-like movements. The disorder may
      occur in children, when epilepsy and rigidity may be the predominant signs.
      Degeneration of neurons occurs throughout the whole brain, but this is most
      marked in the basal ganglia. Neurochemical examination of postmortem brain frozen
      at the time of autopsy has been collected from patients dying with HD and
      compared with postmortem brain from psychotic patients and cases without
      neuropsychiatric disease. A number of alterations in neurotransmitters and their
      biosynthetic enzymes have been found. There are decreased concentrations of the
      neuroinhibitory transmitter gamma aminobutyric acid and this is associated with
      increased concentrations of dopamine and serotonin in the basal ganglia. In
      addition, there is decreased activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, choline
      acetyltransferase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, as well as a decreased
      concentration of the neuropeptide substance P. Various pharmacologic agents have
      been tried based on the neurochemical alterations, but nothing has been found to
      be superior to the various neuroleptics in common use.

PMID- 6446257
TI  - [Sensitivity of the causative agents of suppurative-inflammatory diseases to
      medical bacteriophages].
AB  - Sensitivity to therapeutic bacteriophages and antibiotics of 2063 cultures
      causing purulent inflammatory diseases was studied. Sensitivity of Staph. aureus
      to therapeutic bacteriophages was higher (88.5%) than that to benzylpenicillin
      (33.7%), ampicillin (64.3%), erythromycin (53.7%) and close to that to
      aminoglycosides, tetracycline, lincomycin and chloramphenicol. The number of Ps.
      aeruginosa strains sensitive to the phages amounted to 67.1%. E. coli and Proteus
      were sensitive to therapeutic bacteriophages in 32.4 and 29% of the cultures
      respectively. All of the streptococcal strains isolated from the patients were
      resistant to phages. A favourable clinical effect of phages was observed in 37
      out of 80 patients. The results of the study showed the advisability of the wide
      use of bacteriophages in combined treatment of purulent inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 6446258
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of AM-715, a new nalidixic acid analog.
AB  - AM-715 [1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3
      quinolinecarboxylic acid] is a new nalidixic acid analog. AM-715 has a broad
      spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative
      bacteria. The antibacterial activity of AM-715 was greater than those of
      pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid. AM-715 had higher antibacterial activity
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than did gentamicin. Most nalidixic acid-resistant
      bacteria were susceptible to AM-715, and cross-resistance was not observed
      between AM-715 and various antibiotics. The minimal concentration of AM-715
      required to inhibit the growth of 75% of the total number of clinical isolates
      was as follows: Escherichia coli, 0.04 mug/ml; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.1 mug/ml;
      Serratia marcescens, 0.88 mug/ml; Enterobacter spp., 0.076 mug/ml; Staphylococcus
      aureus, 1.10 mug/ml; P. aeruginosa, 0.38 mug/ml; and nalidixic acid-resistant
      strains of gram-negative bacteria, 0.62 mug/ml. AM-715 at minimal inhibitory
      concentrations or at slightly higher concentrations had bactericidal activity
      against various species of bacteria. The effect of inoculum sizes on minimal
      inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of AM-715
      against gram-negative bacteria was smaller than on those of pipemidic acid and
      nalidixic acid. The dose-response curve of AM-715 indicated a steep gradient, and
      the 50% inhibited doses of AM-715 were 0.014 mug/ml against E. coli ML4707 and
      0.21 mug/ml against P. aeruginosa NC-5.

PMID- 6446259
TI  - Pharmacology of a new 1-oxa-beta-lactam (LY127935) in normal volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 1-oxa-beta-lactam (LY127935), a new semisynthetic beta
      lactam antibiotic, was studied in four healthy adult volunteers (mean age of 27
      years, mean body surface area +/- standard error [SE] of 1.87 +/- 0.08 m(2), and
      mean creatinine clearance +/- SE of 116 +/- 12 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). Immediately
      after completion of a 1-g, 20-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion, the mean serum
      level +/- SE was 70.7 +/- 8.5 mug/ml. After a 1-g intramuscular (i.m.) injection,
      peak serum levels occurred from 30 min to 1 h, and the mean peak serum level +/-
      SE was 52.3 +/- 1.6 mug/ml. Beginning at 1 h, the serum concentrations after i.m.
      administration were higher than those after i.v. administration. At 8 h, the mean
      serum level +/- SE was 3.8 +/- 0.6 mug/ml after completion of the i.v. infusion
      and 4.8 +/- 0.7 mug/ml after the i.m. injection. The mean serum half-lives for
      the beta phase i.v. and i.m. administration were similar (2.3 +/- 0.7 h and 2.4
      +/- 0.2 h, respectively). The mean apparent volume of distribution +/- SE was
      16.6 +/- 1.9 liters per 1.73 m(2). The mean serum clearance +/- SE of LY127935
      was 85.4 +/- 12.7 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and the mean renal clearance +/- SE was
      54.5 +/- 4.4 ml/min per 1.73 m.(2) Urine concentrations of LY127935 were at least
      140 mug/ml in each volunteer during the first 12 h after i.m. or i.v.
      administration. The mean percentages of the dose recovered in the urine +/- SE
      within 2 h after i.v. or i.m. administration were similar (30 +/- 4 and 34 +/-
      11, respectively). Only 67 +/- 3% and 75 +/- 13% were recovered in the urine
      within 24 h after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively.

PMID- 6446260
TI  - Treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis with 1-oxa
      beta-lactam (LY127935).
AB  - 1-Oxa-beta-lactam (LY127935) (Shionogi 6059-S) is a new type beta-lactam
      antibiotic having a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It is highly active
      against ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae exhibiting minimal
      inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.06 microgram/ml. This compound also has the
      ability to penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of both normal and infected
      infant rats and attains approximately 10% of the corresponding blood levels.
      LY127935 was evaluated for its ability to treat ampicillin-resistant H.
      influenzae meningitis in an established experimental model using infant rats.
      Rats with ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae meningitis were treated
      subcutaneously three times daily for 2 days with various dose levels of LY127935.
      When given in doses as low  as 10 mg/kg, LY127935 sterilized the blood and
      cerebrospinal fluid in all rats examined at 1 and 5 days posttreatment. In
      contrast, ampicillin was not effective at this dose in eliminating H. influenzae
      from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of infected rats. LY127935 was effective
      against experimental ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae meningitis in the dosages
      employed.

PMID- 6446261
TI  - Penetration of spectinomycin into cerebrospinal fluid duirng experimental
      meningitis.
AB  - The concentration of spectinomycin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid  was compared
      in rabbits with and without experimental pneumococcal meningitis. When injected
      intravenously, spectinomycin could not be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      normal rabbits. In rabbits with meningeal inflammation, however, spectinomycin
      penetrated the blood-brain barrier and produced significant cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations, equal to or well above spectinomycin minimal inhibitory
      concentrations for many bacterial species.

PMID- 6446262
TI  - Computer analysis of Staphylococcus aureus phage typing data from 1957 to 1975,
      citing epidemiological trends and natural evolution within the phage typing
      system.
AB  - Computer analysis of Staphylococcus aureus phage ty ping data collected for over
      18 years in a large research hospital showed a drastic decrease in the number of
      hospital epidemic strains. Phage lysis patterns gradually modified from those of
      earlier years and were a reflection of changes within the S. aureus reservoir,
      and not within the typing phages, since the typing phages were used from stable
      lyophilized stocks. There was increasing cross-lysis of S. aureus strains by
      phages of lytic groups I, II, and III, such that this grouping was no longer
      epidemiologically valid. A 61% increase in unique strains occurred from the
      period 1957 to 1975. Disappearance of the widely recognized epidemic strains was
      followed by a proliferation of unique strains  with individual phage patterns.
      These increased from 38% in the period 1957 to 1962 to 62% in the period 1969 to
      1975, indicating a trend toward a "one patient-one strain" situation. Nontypable
      strains decreased in more recent years from 16% (1957 to 1975) to 7% in 1978,
      following introduction of phages 94, 96, 292, and D-11. Pandemic S. aureus strain
      80/81 first appeared in this hospital in 1959, 5 years after it was first
      reported in the United States. Strain 80/81 disappeared from the hospital in
      1963, partly due to the advent of methicillin.

PMID- 6446263
TI  - Biosynthesis of [14C]zearalenone from [1-14C]acetate by Fusarium roseum
      'Gibbosum'.
AB  - Addition of [1-14C]acetate or [1,2-14C]acetate to actively growing cultures of
      Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum' on rice yielded zearalenone with a specific activity
      ranging between 1.63 and 46.5 microCi/mmol.

PMID- 6446264
TI  - Changing nursing students' attitudes toward persons with physical disabilities.

PMID- 6446265
TI  - Antigenic competition as a therapeutic concept for alopecia areata.
AB  - Alopecia areata can be treated effectively by topical application of potent
      contact allergens. To explain the response, the following hypothesis is
      presented. Alopecia areata is considered an autoimmune disease. The
      characteristic peribulbar round cell infiltrates probably reflect a cell-mediated
      immune reaction to some hair-associated antigen. With the elicitation of contact
      allergy, a second antigen is introduced at the same site. The infiltrates of the
      allergic contact dermatitis contain suppressor T cells and suppressor macrophages
      which, in terms of local immunoregulation, exert a nonspecific inhibitory effect
      on the immune response against hair follicles. Regrowth of hair would be due to a
      change in the local balance between helper and suppressor cells. In conclusion,
      the phenomenon of antigenic competition is proposed as a therapeutic concept.

PMID- 6446266
TI  - Heat-induced changes in respiratory pathways and mitochondrial structure during
      microcycle conidiation of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Changes in both respiratory pathways and mitochondrial structure of Neurospora
      crassa occurred under conditions of microcycle conidiation. Upon heat-treatment
      at 46 degrees C, conidia developed a highly cyanide-insensitive, hydroxamate
      sensitive respiration associated with morphological alterations in mitochondrial
      membranes; such changes were time-dependent. When heat-treated conidia were
      shifted down to 25 degrees C, the alternate, hydroxamate-sensitive respiration
      decreased significantly, paralleling the recovery of well-cristated mitochondria
      with an electron-dense matrix in the germ tubes. The decrease in hydroxamate
      sensitivity was associated with two periods of increase in cyanide sensitivity
      corresponding to the events of germination and precocious proconidial budding.

PMID- 6446268
TI  - Is childhood schizophrenia a cholinergic disease? I. Muscle morphology.
AB  - Four hypotonic boys (aged 4 years and 11 months, 6 years and 9 months, 7 years
      and 4 months, and 8 years and 10 months, respectively), all of whom demonstrated
      a formal thought disorder, had been psychotic for more than six months, and met
      the DSM-III criteria for chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, were studied
      with respect to skeletal muscle morphology. A significant difference between the
      mean fiber diameters of type I and type II muscle fibers was observed in the
      three boys with the most severe thought disorder, type II muscle fibers being
      consistently smaller. No significant difference in the mean fiber diameter
      between the two fiber types were seen in the fourth boy, who was also the only
      one who demonstrated any secondary thought process. The boys differed in their
      activity levels, but there was no correlation between type II muscle fiber
      atrophy and hypoactivity. It is hypothesized that a depressed cholinergic system
      is implicated in the pathogenesis of both the muscle fiber atrophy and the formal
      thought disorder.

PMID- 6446267
TI  - Regulation of chitin synthesis during germ-tube formation in Candida albicans.
AB  - The synthesis of chitin during germ-tube formation in Candida albicans may be
      regulated by the first and last steps in the chitin pathway: namely L-glutamine-D
      fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase and chitin synthase. Induction of germ-tube
      formation with either glucose and glutamine or serum was accompanied by a 4-fold
      increase in the specific activity of the aminotransferase. Chitin synthase in C.
      albicans is synthesized as a proenzyme. N-acetyl glucosamine increased the
      enzymic activity of the activated enzyme 3-fold and the enzyme exhibited positive
      co-operativity with the substrate. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Although chitin
      synthase was inhibited by polyoxin D (Ki = 1.2 microM) this antibiotic did not
      affect germination. During germ-tube formation the total chitin synthase activity
      increased 1.4-fold and the expressed activity (in vivo activated proenxyme)
      increased 5-fold. These results could account for the reported 5-fold increase in
      chitin content observed during the yeast to mycelial transformation.

PMID- 6446269
TI  - Below-knee bypass for limb salvage. Comparison of autogenous saphenous vein,
      polytetrafluoroethylene, and composite dacron-autogenous vein grafts.
AB  - Autogenous saphenous vein was used preferentially for 92 below-knee bypass
      procedures (44 femoral-distal popliteal and 48 femoral-distal tibial or peroneal)
      performed for limb salvage in 87 adult male patients during a 30-month period of
      study. When a saphenous vein was unavailable or of unsuitable length or diameter,
      we randomly used expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and composite Dacron
      autogenous vein (DV) grafts. With good run-off, all grafts have remained patent.
      However, with poor run-off, cumulative patency by the life table method decreased
      to 54% for autogenous saphenous vein and 45% for PTFE, which was not
      significantly different. All composite DV grafts used with poor run-off became
      occluded within the first ten months of the study. We continue to recommend use
      of autogenous saphenous vein for revascularization of the ischemic lower
      extremity. When a suitable saphenous vein is unavailable, PTFE is a satisfactory
      alternative graft that is superior to composite DV grafts.

PMID- 6446270
TI  - [Chalones as factors in tissue homeostasis].

PMID- 6446271
TI  - [State of the capillary network of rat myocardium in the presence of hypertrophy
      and physical loading].
AB  - Morphofunctional state of the capillary network in various myocardial parts was
      studied in white rats under normal conditions, myocardial hypertrophy of
      different degree and under physical loading. It was demonstrated that density,
      metabolic surface and capacity of the capillary bed is larger in the right
      ventricle than in the left one. The capillary blood supply in hypertrophied
      myocardium, increasing simultaneously with hypertrophy, at the state of rest
      corresponds to its increasing mass. On the contrary, under maximal physical
      loading functioning of the capillary part in the myocardium becomes unadequate
      that is evident from a decreasing activity of the test animals.

PMID- 6446272
TI  - [Fedor Vasil'evich Sudzilovskii (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6446273
TI  - [Variations in morphologic alterations in the hearts of white rats during
      adaptation to different types of physical loads].
AB  - While adapting to physical loadings various in their character, most of rats
      develop a moderate hypertrophy in the right cardiac ventricle without any
      noticeable changes in the organ's mass. ECG dynamics is positive. Myocardial
      hypertrophy, at the expense of increasing mass of the left ventricle, is most
      regularly observed in animals subjected to forced endurance training (daily
      swimming); less regularly--if the loading is applied with intervals (swimming
      every other day) and is practically absent in rats performing work with force
      application. Pathological ECG changes occur more often on the background of
      myocardial hypertrophy and are brought about by dystrophic disorders in muscular
      fibres, their focal micronecrosis, by edema of the interstitial and perivascular
      tissue.

PMID- 6446274
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in human flatfoot].
AB  - The process of the flatfoot formation is accompanied not only by stretching but
      also by pressing of the plantar ligaments and muscles. In the plantar aponeurosis
      and ligaments subjected to pressing, adaptive rearrangements are observed; they
      are accompanied by transformation of the fibrillar connective tissue into
      cartilaginous one, that rather prevents the ligaments to affect the heigh of the
      fornix. In the structure of the plantar muscles rather noticeable changes occur,
      destructive ones including, that is seen in their microscopical picture.

PMID- 6446275
TI  - [Structural changes in cardiac vessels in experimental patent ductus arteriosus].
AB  - In 43 puppies an experimental arterial duct was produced. The animals were
      observed for 1--2 months and then killed. Their hearts were separately weighed,
      and their vessels were studied by means of a complex histomicrometry method. In
      the puppies with the artificially produced arterial duct, hypertrophy of both
      cardiac ventricles was gradually developing, combined with thickening medial
      tunica of the coronary arteries at all levels of their branching. Simultaneously,
      the oblique-longitudinal musculature of the vascular walls grew stronger. In the
      distributing arteries it occurred at the expense of the muscular fasciculi
      situated in adventitia, in the resistance arteries--at the expense of the
      fasciculi situated in intima. The hypertrophic-hyperplastic changes noted in the
      vessels of the coronary system were connected with cardiac hypertrophy and with
      disorders of coronary hemodynamics.

PMID- 6446276
TI  - [Structural features of the submandibular salivary gland of gnotobiotic rats].
AB  - The submandibular salivary gland was histochemically and electron microscopically
      studied in gnotobiotic and conventional Wistar rats at the age of 15 days--10
      months. By the first month of age, the submandibular salivary glands in both
      groups of animals complete differentiation of their acini, and the gland,
      according to the type of its secretion, becomes seromucous with predominance of
      albuminous component in it. Succinate dehydrogenase activity and nonspecific
      esterase predominate in epithelium of the excretory ducts. At the second month of
      life some signs of moreasing ductal part of the gland appear in the gnotobiotic
      rats. This part greatly increases by the 4th--10th month of life, mainly at the
      expense of twisted granular sections. This increase in number and volume of the
      twisted granular ducts results in compressing acini and in ultrastructural
      disorders of granulocytes, with destruction of some mitochondria, increasing
      number of lysosomes, decreasing size and alterations in character of secretory
      granules, in structural disorders of the laminar complex. All these manifest
      depressing secretory function of granulocytes in the gland of gnotobiotic
      animals.

PMID- 6446277
TI  - Multiple sclerosis associated with eosinophilic vasculitis, pericarditis, and
      hypocomplementemia.

PMID- 6446278
TI  - Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurologic
      disorders.
AB  - Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CSF were measured by the ion exchange
      fluorometric method in 136 patients who underwent evaluation for neurologic
      disorders. In 19 patients with no organic neurologic or mental disorders who
      acted as normal controls, the mean (+/-SD) GABA level in CSF was 239 +/- 76
      picomoles/mL. Patients with acute hypoxic encephalopathy showed a mean GABA level
      in CSF higher than that of the controls, a difference that was statistically
      significant. In all the other disorders studied, the mean GABA level in CSF was
      either equal to or lower than that found in the controls. Statistically
      significant reductions of the GABA level in CSF were seen in patients with
      Huntington's disease, dementias, cerebellar cortical atrophy, multiple sclerosis,
      epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6446279
TI  - Decreased computerized tomography numbers in patients with presenile dementia.
      Detection in patients with otherwise normal scans.
AB  - Patients in their 50s who show clinical signs of dementia (possible Alzheimer's
      disease) often have ocmputerized tomographic (CT) scans that appear normal. This
      study examined the mean CT number within a 169-pixel sample in white matter in
      the centrum semiovale slice. Slice sizes ranged from 6,800 to 9,000 pixels; all
      were without contrast enhancement. The CT numbers were higher for six nondementia
      cases (CT numbers of 41 and above)than for 14 dementia cases (CT numbers of 40
      and below). The non-overlap in mean CT numbers between the two groups was
      observed independent of the presence or absence of prominent sulci. Similar low
      CT numbers were observed for seven patients with senile dementia. Differential
      diagnosis between dementia and depression may be better aided by studying the CT
      numbers rather than the presence of prominent sulci.

PMID- 6446281
TI  - Experimental cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Erwin Riesch Symposium,
      Tubingen, April 5-7, 1979.

PMID- 6446280
TI  - Effects of chronic centrifugation on skeletal muscle fibers in young developing
      rats.
AB  - Three groups of 30-d old male and female rats were centrifuged for 2, 4, 8, and
      16 weeks, after which their soleus and plantaris muscles were analysed for
      changes in proportion of muscle fiber types. The groups were: earth control,
      maintained at earth gravity without rotation; rotation control, subjected to a
      gravitational force of 1.05 G and 28 rpm; and rotation experimental, subjected to
      a gravitational force of 2 G and 28 rpm. Muscle fibers were classified into four
      fiber types on the basis of actomyosin ATPase activity as slow oxidative, fast
      oxidative glycolytic, and either fast glycolytic (plantaris) or intermediate
      (soleus). Hypergravity resulted in an increase in slow oxidative fibers in soleus
      and the deep region of plantaris. Chronic rotation of males resulted in a
      decreased proportion of slow oxidative fibers in soleus relative to the earth
      control, but not of females treated similarly. The relationship of body weight to
      the changes in proportion of slow oxidative fibers is discussed.

PMID- 6446282
TI  - Aorto-caval fistula in the rat. An experimental model of heart volume
      overloading.
AB  - Abdominal aorto-caval fistula was experimentally induced in rats, and animals
      were sacrificed 5 days, 1 month, and 6 months later. Cardiac weight almost
      doubled the normal weight during the first month. Cell length increased to the
      same extent as the cell width, indicating harmonious growth. Increase in cell
      volume, as well as the amount of degenerative changes, were more pronounced in
      subendocardium than in midwall and subepicardium. Cytological features of active
      cellular growth was found not only in the early stages (5 days and 1 month) but
      also 6 months after the operation. This finding is consonant with proteosynthesis
      stimulation not only in the early period of constitution of hypertrophy but also
      in the later stages.

PMID- 6446283
TI  - Alterations of substances (DNA, myoglobin, myosin, protein) in experimentally
      induced cardiac hypertrophy and under the influence of drugs (isoproterenol,
      cytostatics, strophanthin).

PMID- 6446284
TI  - Mechanism of physiologic versus pathologic ventricular hypertrophy process:
      enhanced or depressed myosin ATPase activity and contractility governed by type,
      degree and duration of inciting stress.

PMID- 6446285
TI  - Cooperative effects of calcium on myofibrillar ATPase of normal and hypertrophied
      heart.
AB  - The ATPase of myofibrils from normal and hypertrophied rat heart was studied in
      relation to the Ca2+-dependence of the reaction. The experimental data were
      fitted to theoretical curves based on the Hill equation. A positive cooperativity
      (n = 1.6) was found for the activation curve of the ATPase from normal heart. For
      hypertrophied heart no significant change in either the cooperativity or the Ca2+
      sensitivity of troponin was detected. This indicates that the troponin
      tropomyosin system is not altered during pressure-overload hypertrophy. However,
      it should be noted that no precautions were taken to control the state of
      phosphorylation of contractile proteins during the preparation of myofibrils.

PMID- 6446286
TI  - The myofibrillar ATPase activity and the substructure of myosin in the
      hypertrophied left ventricle of the rat.

PMID- 6446287
TI  - Mitochondrial proliferation in cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Mitochondrial proliferation was studied in mature female rats following aortic
      constriction. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was assayed by a fluorometric method. The
      conditions for removal of nuclear DNA were developed and verified by assessment
      of molecular conformation of DNA. The mtDNA concentration in mitochondria
      increased 2,4, and 7 days post-operatively by 11, 72 and 117% respectively.
      Comparison with the rates of accumulation of cytochrome c, b, and aa3 indicates
      that during the first 24 hours of cardiac enlargement the inner mitochondrial
      components accumulate faster then mtDNA, but during the six subsequent days the
      rate of mtDNA increment far outstrips that of the cytochromes. These data
      indicate that the amount of available mtDNA templates is not the only factor
      regulating the transcriptional and translational processes in the enlarging
      myocardium. The analysis of population of replicative intermediates of mtDNA have
      shown dramatic decrease in the frequency of D-loops in preparations obtained from
      hypertrophied hearts. This observation indicates that the increase in replicative
      flux of mtDNA is associated with the removal of a block in the conversion of D
      loops to other intermediates.

PMID- 6446288
TI  - The functional significance of altered tension dependent heat in thyrotoxic
      myocardial hypertrophy.

PMID- 6446289
TI  - Oxygen consumption and substrate uptake of the hypertrophied rat heart in situ.
AB  - A new heart preparation was developed which permits in situ measurements of
      myocardial oxygen consumption and substrate uptake in small animals. Using the
      new method the mechanical activity, as well as oxygen consumption and substrate
      uptake of the heart, was measured in Goldblatt rats with left ventricular
      hypertrophy of about 40%. 1. In agreement with former investigations on the
      hypertrophied rat heart, this model also shows that both the performance of the
      whole ventricle, as well as the contractile force per unit of cross-sectional
      area, is increased in the state of stable hypertrophy. 2. The absolute values of
      oxygen consumption and substrate uptake are increased in the hypertrophied
      hearts. However, oxygen consumption and substrate uptake as related to muscle
      mass and to wall stress were largely identical in hypertrophied and control
      hearts. 3. Hypertrophied hearts and controls utilize substrates according to
      their respective arterial blood concentration. Under our experimental conditions
      approximately 50% of the total energy in both groups is obtained from glucose,
      30% from lactate, and 20% from fat. The relatively high consumption of lactate
      could be explained by the glucose uptake and lactate release of the erythrocytes.

PMID- 6446290
TI  - Intracellular oxygen utilization in mechanically overloaded rat heart.

PMID- 6446291
TI  - Myocardial flow reserve in experimental cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - The distribution of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was evaluated in pressure-induced
      LV hypertrophy of foxhounds. At the early stage of developing hypertrophy, i.e.,
      3 months after aortic banding (+ 53% LV weight) resting MBF and flow reserve were
      not significantly different from control hearts. One year after banding (+94% LV
      weight) myocardial flow reserve had clearly decreased. Acute coronary stenosis of
      60 and 70% cross-sectional area resulted in a moderate fall of flow reserve in
      controls and hearts with early hypertrophy. In hearts with extensive hypertrophy
      the drop of poststenotic MBF was considerably greater affecting preferentially
      the subendocardium. The data suggest that myocardial blood flow was impaired
      before any signs of heart failure were observed. Furthermore a decrease of MBF
      may not be confined to forms of hypertrophy induced by renal and idiopathic
      hypertension.

PMID- 6446292
TI  - The behavior of some enzymes of the hypertrophied and postnatally developing
      myocardium of the rat.
AB  - The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the behavior of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) and hexokinase (HK) in the mechanically overloaded and the
      postnatally developing left ventricle of the rat. In Goldblatt rats (GBR) 2 to 4
      months after operation total LDH activity was decreased by 7%, accompanied by an
      isoenzyme shift towards a higher M proportion. Swimming rats (SR) showed an 11%
      increase in LDH activity. HK activity was increased by 14% in GBR and unaltered
      in SR. Histochemical investigations revealed no indication of heterogeneous
      alterations in various areas of the myocardium. During postnatal development, a
      gradual increase of activity and H subunit proportion of LDH were observed. HK
      activity was increased after one week, but underwent a slow decreased thereafter.
      These changes are interpreted as processes of adaptation to the conditions of
      extrauterine life.

PMID- 6446293
TI  - On the mechanism of elevation of cardiac muscle functional capabilities in
      adaptation to exercise.

PMID- 6446294
TI  - Systolic stress, coronary hemodynamics and metabolic reserve in experimental and
      clinical cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - The degree of LV hypertrophy may be determined by the relationships between mass
      to-volume ratio and systolic wall stress. Systolic wall stress correlates
      directly with the MVO2 and inversely with LV function. In chronic hypertrophic
      heart disease (a) normal stress, (b) low stress and (c) high stress hypertrophy
      may occur. Low stress hypertrophy has normal LV function and normal or decreased
      MVO2, whereas high stress hypertrophy mostly has depressed function and an
      increased MVO2. The MVO2 is directly correlated to LV mass. This relationship is
      influenced by the variable degree of LV mass, by the mass-to-volume ratio and by
      inotropic interventions. Systolic stress reserve, the ratio of maximum to
      instantaneous systolic wall stress, averages 4.5. Similar reserves are present
      for the coronary (4.9) and for the metabolic reserve (4.6). It is concluded that
      systolic wall stress represents one of the major determinants of LV performance
      and of myocardial oxygen consumption.

PMID- 6446295
TI  - Contracture type and fibrosis type of decreased myocardial distensibility.
      Different changes in elasticity of myocardium in hypoxia and hypertrophy.
AB  - Resting length-tension relationships were measured in rat trabecular muscle
      strips under control (O2) and contracture (N2) conditions as well as in
      preparations of Goldblatt II (8-week stage) and control rats. For the evaluation
      of the diastolic elastic properties, diastolic stress at 1max, stress-strain
      relationships, the relation between tangent modulus delta sigma divided by delta
      epsilon and stress sigma, and the function ln stress sigma = f (strain epsilon)
      were calculated and plotted. It was shown that the hypoxic contracture
      corresponds to the calcium-caffeine contracture--an experimental contracture
      model already investigated earlier. In contrast to these contracture-induced
      alterations, Goldblatt II hypertrophied myocardium corresponded to the fibrosis
      type. This type was already analyzed in an experimental model of myocardium
      tendon tandem preparation. Additional investigations of hydroxyproline
      concentration of the same biological material showed in contrast to other studies
      that the collagen content may already be increased in this early stage of
      hypertrophy. Thus, altered distensibility of Goldblatt myocardium is certainly
      primarily due to increased connective tissue content.

PMID- 6446296
TI  - Elastic and contractile properties of the myocardium in experimental cardiac
      hypertrophy of the rat. Methodological and pathophysiological considerations.

PMID- 6446297
TI  - Maximum contractility of the experimentally hypertrophied heart in situ and
      survival of the acute coronary occlusion.

PMID- 6446298
TI  - The rate-limiting step in muscle contraction.
AB  - The motion of skinned muscle fibers in chemically controlled bathing solutions is
      examined to obtain information about the cross bridge cycle. The effects of an
      ATP regenerating system and ionic strength on both the transient and the steady
      response to step changes in load are compared. The transient is changed in
      characteristic ways by these factors, but the steady motion is unaffected. If
      changes in the transient reflect changes in the rates of "making" and "breaking"
      cross bridges, these results suggest that the rate of physiological contraction
      is limited by a slow transition in the unattached myosin molecule rather than the
      making and breaking of cross bridges per se.

PMID- 6446299
TI  - The influence of various precursors on the concentration of energy-rich
      phosphates and pyridine nucleotides in cardiac tissue and its possible meaning
      for anoxic survival.
AB  - A special "anoxia test" was developed with isolated guinea pig atria to test
      influences on the anoxic energy balance. Adenine, ribose, nicotinic acid or
      nicotinamide added as precursors to nutrition solutions inhibit the loss of
      cardiac adenine and pyridine nucleotides during anoxia and improve the energy
      balance under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the myocardium.

PMID- 6446300
TI  - Alterations in excitation of mammalian myocardium as a function of chronic
      loading and their implications in the mechanical events.
AB  - It is shown that hypertrophied rat myocardium exhibits marked prolongation of its
      action potential during non-essential changes both in the resting potential, as
      well as in the amplitude of the action potential, and during a moderate but
      nonsignificant reduction in the maximum upstroke velocity. When examining action
      potentials of various myocardial regions of the same heart, it can be
      demonstrated that high chronic loading involves broad action potentials both in
      rat and cat hearts. After depression of the fast inward current either by TTX or
      by partial depolarization under high extracellular K+ concentrations, the
      prolongation of the Ca2+ mediated action potentials of myocardial cells under
      high chronic loading is still manifest. The broadening of the action potential is
      certainly responsible to some extent for the prolonged activity of the
      corresponding myocardial cells, which is expressed in the significant increase in
      the isometric peak time and in the augmentation of isometric force.

PMID- 6446301
TI  - Characterization of cardiac microsomes from spontaneously hypertonic rats.
AB  - Capacity of Ca2+ sequestration was found to be significantly lowered in
      microsomal preparations of hearts from spontaneously hypertonic rats. A decrease
      to 40% of the control level was found for basal and extra ATPase. A similar
      reduction existed in initial and total Ca2+ uptake. These findings are correlated
      with a lower concentration of the Ca2+ transport ATPase in SDS gel
      electrophoresis, a lower density of the 7-9 nm intramembraneous particles and
      higher half-lives of phosphoprotein. Altered contractility of hypertrophied
      myocardium may thus be partially explained by the dysfunction of the Ca2+
      sequestering system.

PMID- 6446302
TI  - Isozyme shift in cultured fetal human hepatocytes: a study of pyruvate kinase and
      phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 6446303
TI  - UDP-glucose: indoleacetic acid glucosyl transferase and indoleacetyl-glucose: myo
      inositol indoleacetyl transferase.

PMID- 6446304
TI  - Changes in phospholipid composition during differentiation of cultured mouse
      myeloid leukemia cells.

PMID- 6446305
TI  - Stimulation of an Artemia salina ATPase activity by eukaryotic messenger RNAs.

PMID- 6446306
TI  - Fermentation of a pentose by yeasts.

PMID- 6446307
TI  - Biological activities of non-protein chromophores of antitumor protein
      antibiotics: auromycin and neocarzinostatin.

PMID- 6446308
TI  - Inhibition of nucleoside phosphorylase cleavage of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine by
      2,4-pyrimidinedione derivatives.

PMID- 6446309
TI  - Effects of two biodegradable 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)
      analogs on cockroach ATPases.

PMID- 6446310
TI  - Effects of bepridil on mitochondrial ATPase reactions.

PMID- 6446311
TI  - Progress of children's dentistry.

PMID- 6446312
TI  - Regurgitation during laparoscopy.

PMID- 6446313
TI  - Perioral dermatitis.

PMID- 6446314
TI  - A double-blind trial of metronidazole versus oxytetracycline therapy for rosacea.
AB  - Forty patients with papulo-pustular rosacea were treated for 12 weeks on a random
      double-blind basis either with oxytetracycline 250 mg twice daily or with
      metronidazole 200 mg twice daily. Both drugs produced an improvement which was
      greater after 12 weeks than after 6 weeks, but there was no significant
      difference between them. Metronidazole appears to be a safe and effective drug
      for the treatment of rosacea.

PMID- 6446315
TI  - Genetic tylosis with malignancy: a study of a South Indian pedigree.
AB  - Tylosis at birth was found as an autosomal dominant inheritance in twenty-two
      members of a family spanning over five generations. Of those affected three of
      the fourth generation tylotics developed squamous carcinoma of the tylotic skin
      and one of these died of carcinoma of the oesophagus. It is possible that there
      is a genetic association between the state of the oesophagus and the tylosis of
      the palms and soles which predisposes both sites towards the development of
      squamous carcinoma.

PMID- 6446316
TI  - Rat liver phosphofructokinase: kinetic activity under near-physiological
      conditions.

PMID- 6446317
TI  - Rat liver phosphofructokinase: use of fluorescence polarization to study
      aggregation at low protein concentration.

PMID- 6446318
TI  - Rat liver phosphofructokinase: kinetic and physiological ramifications of the
      aggregation behavior.

PMID- 6446319
TI  - Arrangement of oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase in the mitochondrial
      inner membrane.

PMID- 6446320
TI  - Sulfhydryl groups in photosynthetic energy conservation. VI. Subunit distribution
      of sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in chloroplast coupling factor and
      ATPase activity.
AB  - The subunit distribution of sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds of spinach
      chloroplasts coupling factor I has been determined. Native coupling factor I with
      a latent ATPase activity has eight sulfhydryl groups distributed 4 : 2 : 0 : 0 :
      2 in the alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits, respectively. Heat
      treatment of coupling factor I, in addition to the activation of its ATPase
      activity, induces a dithiol-disulfide interchange between the gamma and the alpha
      subunit, changing the sulfhydryl groups' distribution to 2 : 2 : 2 : 0 : 2.
      Reduction of disulfide bonds of coupling factor I by dithioerythritol during heat
      treatment gives a subunit distribution of 4 : 4 : 4 : 0 : 2, suggesting that
      native coupling factor I has three disulfide bonds, two in the gamma subunit and
      one in one of the beta subunits. The results suggest an asymmetric redox state of
      some of the subunits of coupling factor I and an asymmetric positioning of some
      of them in the molecular structure of coupling factor I.

PMID- 6446321
TI  - A model for the activation and inactivation of neocarzinostatin, an antitumor
      protein.
AB  - Sulfhydryl compounds specifically activate and inactive neocarzinostatin as
      measured by the in vitro strand scission of T2 DNA. This effect, and evidence for
      strained disulfides in the molecule, leads us to propose a model of activation
      and inactivation. We suggest that neocarzinostatin reacts with sulfhydryl
      reagents to produce a short-lived active form which may react with DNA or proceed
      irreversibly via a conformational change to an inactive form
      (preneocarzinostatin). Three parameters of neocarzinostatin activity
      (inactivation rate, single strand break plateau position, and initial single
      strand break rate), have been measured for various sulfhydryl concentrations, and
      the observed results agree well with values expected from a simplified
      mathematical treatment of the model, thus supporting the assumptions made.

PMID- 6446322
TI  - The generalization of pre-neocarzinostatin and antagonism of neocarzinostatin
      induced DNA scission in vitro.
AB  - Pretreatment of the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin with heat, ultraviolet or
      white light, and thiols inactivates the drug, as measured by the cessation of
      phage T2 DNA strand scission in vitro. The inactive forms obtained are identical
      with pre-neocarzinostatin on the basis of isoelectric focusing, molecular weight
      determination, and changes in circular dichroism spectra. In incubations together
      with neocarzinostatin and T2 DNA, the inactive form inhibits strand scission to a
      considerable degree. This result suggests that both forms compete for a limited
      number of available DNA binding sites.

PMID- 6446323
TI  - The biogenesis of rat mitochondrial ATPase. Two subunits are synthesized inside
      the mitochondria.
AB  - Isolated mitochondria from regenerating rat liver synthesize at least five
      different polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 19 000 to 43 000.
      Among these, two polypeptides with molecular weights of 22 000 and 25 ooo could
      be identified as ATPase subunits. It has previously been shown that these
      subunits, designated 6 and 7, are lacking in the ATPase complex that is formed in
      vivo when mitochondrial protein synthesis is blocked by thiamphenicol treatment.
      The 22 000 Mr protein is enriched in the fraction containing the fully assembled
      ATPase complex, whereas the 25 000 Mr protein is not.

PMID- 6446324
TI  - Dissociation of chitosomes by digitonin into 16 S subunits with chitin synthetase
      activity.
AB  - Digitonin exerts profound effects on chitosomes (microvesicular structures with
      chitin synthetase activity isolated from the fungus Mucor rouxii). At low
      concentrations, it stimulates chitin synthetase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      glucose: chitin 4-beta acetamidodeoxy-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.16)
      activity; at higher concentrations, it inhibits it. Digitonin also causes
      disintegration of the chitosome and the release of a homogeneous population of
      chitosome subunits with chitin synthetase activity. These chitosome subunits have
      a sedimentation coefficient of 16 S, compared to 105 S for whole chitosomes, as
      determined by centrifugation in sucrose density gradients, and measure 7--12 nm
      in diameter. After dissociation, chitin synthetase remains in a zymogenic state,
      and requires treatment with a protease for activation. No change in sedimentation
      coefficient of chitosome subunits was observed after proteolytic activation. The
      product synthesized by the chitosome subunits was characterized by X-ray
      diffractometry ad alpha-chitin and was by the criterion indistinfuishable from
      chitin made by preparations of undissociated chitosomes. However, in the electron
      microscope, the chitin microfibrils made from chitosome subunits were, in
      general, much shorter than those produced by undissociated chitosomes and often
      exhibited a needle-like appearance.

PMID- 6446325
TI  - Transferrin-bipyridine iron transfer mediated by haemoproteins.
AB  - Rabbit reticulocyte cytosol was able to mediate transferrin-bipyridine iron
      transfer in the presence of ATP. The cytoplasmic factor responsible for the
      mediation of iron transfer was identified as haemoglobin. Other cytoplasmic
      proteins and the membrane fraction were ineffective. Human alpha and beta
      subunits and human myoglobin were over three times more effective than human
      haemoglobin A. Carbon monoxide strongly inhibited the mediation of iron transfer.
      Oxidation of haemoglobin abolished it but methaemoglobin could be reactivated
      with NADH, even when azide was bound to the haem iron. Neither globin nor haem
      alone were able to mediate iron transfer, even when NADH was present. Together,
      the reconstituted methaemoglobin A could be reactivated wtih NADH. Although the
      physiological significance of this pehnomenon is not clear, the involvement of
      haemoproteins in intracellular iron metabolism seems likely.

PMID- 6446326
TI  - Interaction between heparan sulphate chains. I. A gel chromatographic, light
      scattering and structural study of aggregating and non-aggregating chains.
AB  - 1. Heparan sulphate from bovine lung was fractionated with cetylpyridinium
      chloride. Solubilisation of complexes was accomplished by increasing
      concentrations of NaCl in a step-wise manner. Fractions I-IV, which were low
      sulphated, contained more D-glucuronic acid than L-iduronic acid, fraction V
      contained equal proportions while fraction VI was L-iduronic acid-rich. 2. Gel
      chromatography of heparan sulphates II-IV in 0.5 M sodium acetate yielded
      extremely asymmetric profiles, while fractions V, VI and heparin did not. 3.
      Heparan sulphate IV was separated into aggregatable and non-aggregatable species
      by gel chromatography in 0.5 M sodium acetate. The particle/molecular weights of
      the two species were determined by light scattering. In 0.15 M NaCl or KCl the
      aggregatable chains yielded particle weights of 60 000-100 000 while the
      molecular weight was 20 000 (in 4.0 M guanidine HCl). Non-aggregatable chains
      afforded 'monomeric' values in 0.15 M NaCl or KCl. 4. Periodate oxidation of D
      glucuronic acid residues in N-acetylated block regions followed by scission in
      alkali was used to fragment aggregating and non-aggregating heparan sulphate IV.
      The former chains yielded, on average, shorter oligosaccharides than did the
      latter. Reoxidation of the remaining D-glucuronic acid residues (adjacent to N
      sulphated amino sugars) in the oligosaccharides followed by alkaline cleavage
      resulted in distinctly different fragmentation patterns in the two cases. The
      iduronate-containing oligosaccharides derived from aggregatable chains were
      markedly degraded into fragments ranging from glucosamine-L-iduronic acid
      glucosamine-(C-3 fragment) to higher saccharides. Only higher saccharides were
      obtained from fragments of non-aggregatable chains. 5. It is concluded that self
      associating heparan sulphates comprise both D-glucuronic acid- and L-iduronic
      acid-containing repeating units and that these units are arranged in an
      alternating or mixed fashion. These characteristics are analogous to those
      observed with self-associating dermatan sulphate species (Fransson, L.-A. and
      Coster, L. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 582, 132-144).

PMID- 6446327
TI  - [Catalytic and kinetic properties of ATPase from myometrial sarcolemma of
      cattle].

PMID- 6446328
TI  - [Calcium transport and ATPase activity of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum
      fragments of rabbit heart and muscle in hypercholesteremia].
AB  - The rabbits were fed cholesterol diet (1 g/kg) for 3--7 months. As a result there
      was an increase in cholesterol concentration in mitochondrial membranes and
      fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SPR) of the myocardium and skeletal muscles.
      Saturation of the membranes with cholesterol led to a decrease in the efficiency
      of SPR Ca-pump manifested by reduced Ca/ATP ratio and increased Ca2+ outflow rate
      from SPR. Under these conditions the rate of Ca2+ accumulation was higher in SPR
      than in the mitochondria. The activity of Mg2+, 2,4 DNF ATPase of the
      mitochondria declined in hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 6446329
TI  - [Immunologic specificity, nature and properties of suppressor cells induced in
      mixed lymphocyte cultures].
AB  - Suppressor cells are generated in allogeneic or syngeneic one-way mixed
      lymphocyte culture (MLC) for 1 to 5 days, the suppressor activity being tested by
      inhibition of proliferation of 10 to 100-fold number responders in the fresh
      allogeneic MLC. In both allogeneic and syngeneic MLC the suppressors are found to
      be neither B cells, nor macrophages, resistant to mitomycin C, and their
      precursors are shown to be cyclophosphamide sensitive. Their properties differ
      from those previously shown for T killers or T suppressors generated in the
      lymphocyte monoculture. The allogeneic suppressors are T cells that are
      heterogeneous in respect to radiosensitivity and specificity. Generation of the
      nonspecific T suppressors is reduced if human or bovine serum is added to the MLC
      medium instead of fetal calf serum. The syngeneic suppressors are heterogeneous
      as well and differ from the allogeneic ones by greater stability to the effect of
      anti-T bodies and irradiation, and by greater resistance of their precursors to
      hydrocortisone.

PMID- 6446330
TI  - [Adsorption of lambda phage DNA onto Escherichia coli cells treated with Ca2+
      ions and onto frozen--thawed bacteria].
AB  - The study of the biologically active tritium-labeled phage lambda DNA adosrption
      on Ca2+-treated and frozen--thawed E. coli cells showed the absence of a
      correlation between the adsorption level and transfection efficiency. Thus the
      infectious phage lambda DNA adsorption level does not change, while frozing-
      thawing of E. coli cells but it increases ten-fold when treating the cells with
      Ca2+ in ice, the transfection efficiency level with this DNA being equal for both
      types of recipients.

PMID- 6446331
TI  - [Effect of epidermal chalones on induction and growth of tumors of the
      cervicovaginal epithelium of mice].
AB  - Tumors of the cervicovaginal epithelium were induced in BALB/c female mice with
      local application of dimethylbenzanthra cene. In the course of inducing tumors or
      after their appearance the mice were treated intravaginally with 55-81% ethanolic
      extract of the rat skin or liver (control) containing 1% chalones. The skin
      extract rather than liver one delays slightly the growth and incidence of
      cervical and vaginal tumours, and increases the survival of animals.

PMID- 6446332
TI  - [Myocardial connective tissue component in the critical stage of compensatory
      cardiac hyperfunction].
AB  - The reaction of the connective tissue component of the rat left ventricular
      myocardium to hypertrophy induced by ventral aorta coarctation in the
      subdiaphragmatic part was studied by electron microscopy with the use of
      morphometric analysis. The animals were sacrificed 1, 5 and 10 days after the
      operation. It the heart of intact animals, the relative amount of the connective
      tissue was equal to 10.2%. Of this number, 2% were cellular elements, 0.2 and 8%
      were fibrous and amorphous parts of the intermediate tissue, respectively. In the
      emergency stage of hypertrophy there was an augmentation of the total amount of
      the connective tissue, the ratio of its diverse components varied with time.
      Moreover, an activation of the synthetic processes was recorded in the cells of
      the fibroblastic type.

PMID- 6446333
TI  - [Morphofunctional features of the left ventricle of rabbits with experimental
      alcoholic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - In chronic alcoholic poisoning the rabbits demonstrate an abrupt decrease in
      heart left ventricular contractility and a significant noticeable prolongation of
      the phases of isometric effort and isometric relaxation. The morphologic study of
      the heart showed marked myocardial hypertrophy and enhanced intramyocardial
      lypolysis leading to accumulation of acid lipids by the cardiac muscle. It seems
      likely that these lipids requiring additional oxygen amounts for utilization give
      rise to relative hypoxia in the myocardium. In conjunction with diastolic
      inadequacy this can lead to attenuation of the heart contractility and to
      compensatory development of myocardial hypertrophy.

PMID- 6446334
TI  - [Resistive loading and mechanisms regulating respiration].
AB  - In experiments on anesthetized cats, switch on of additional inelastic
      respiration resistance (resistive load) produced, apart from slowing of the
      respiratory flows, an increase in the activity of motoneurons and inspiratory
      intrathoracic pressure. Bilateral vagotomy resulted in disappearance of resistive
      load-induced elevation of the phrenic nerve activity, but did not abolish the
      growth of the inspiratory effort. Analysis of the evidence obtained indicates
      that activation of phrenic motoneurons associated with increased respiration
      resistance is underlain by prolongation of the inspiratory phase that is
      consequent on relaxation of the inspiratory inhibition. It is suggested that, in
      addition to the mechanism depicted, the compensatory reaction to the resistive
      load involves, apart from diaphragm participation, other inspiratory muscles as
      well as enhanced contractions of respiratory muscles provided by the properties
      of muscular fiber.

PMID- 6446335
TI  - [Role of calcium ions in the evolution of the anticonvulsant effect of taurine].
AB  - The decreased microsomal Ca++Mg++ATPase  activity and lowered level of Ca++
      binding by the brain cortex microsomes in seizure prone rats as compared with
      normal animals have been revealed. Taurine increases these parameters in
      experiments in vitro. Injection of taurine into the penicillin-provoked
      epileptogenic focus prevents the seizure reaction in rabbits. This effect is not
      observed after injection of taurine together with EGTA. The data obtained
      demonstrate the important role of calcium ions in the anticonvulsant action of
      taurine.

PMID- 6446336
TI  - Thrombocytopenia in septicemia: the role of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - The mechanism of isolated thrombocytopenia in septicemia is unknown, but
      compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been suggested as a
      possible cause. To investigate this possibility, platelet counts and sensitive
      assays for in vivo thrombin and plasmin generation, including fibrinogen gel
      chromatography and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) assays, were obtained on 31 septicemic
      patients. Fifteen of 17 patients with gram-negative septicemia and 8 of 14
      patients with gram-positive septicemia had thrombocytopenia. Platelet survival
      studied demonstrated a decreased platelet survival. In 11 of 12 patients with
      severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 50,000mul), there was
      laboratory evidence of intravascular coagulation. In contrast, there was little
      evidence of intravascular coagulation in 8 of 11 patients with moderate
      thrombocytopenia (platelet counts 50,000 to less than 150,000/mul) or in 7 of 8
      patients with normal platelet counts. This report indicates that while DIC
      accompanies thrombocytopenia in many patients with severe thrombocytopenia, there
      is frequently little evidence for intravascular coagulation in patients with
      moderate thrombocytopenia. It is apparent that factors other than intravascular
      thrombin must play a role in producing the thrombocytopenia of septicemia.

PMID- 6446337
TI  - Growing up with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6446338
TI  - Lumbar canal stenosis.

PMID- 6446339
TI  - Rhinophyma in a negro: case report.
AB  - A case of rhinophyma in a negro patient is reported. The cause of rhinophyma and
      its association with acne rosacea is discussed. It is suggested that racial
      factors may be relevant in this incompletely understood condition.

PMID- 6446340
TI  - Chest-wall reconstruction using the external oblique muscle.

PMID- 6446341
TI  - The rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flap.
AB  - The successful transfer of a free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap based on the
      inferior epigastric vessels is reported. The preliminary experimental
      investigations leading to the design of this flap are described.

PMID- 6446342
TI  - Incisional hernia repair: a mechanical approach.
AB  - Fifty incisional hernias were managed by excision of all scar tissue and
      approproximation of the abdominal wall using continuous doubled nylon inserted
      with a generous suture length: wound length ratio. There were no major
      recurrences and only 4 minor ones. The method is theoretically sound and should
      be more widely used.

PMID- 6446343
TI  - Topical corticosteroids on the face.

PMID- 6446344
TI  - Contraception by female sterilisation.

PMID- 6446345
TI  - Bladder cancer as a prescribed industrial disease.

PMID- 6446346
TI  - Community study of hypothyroidism in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6446347
TI  - Strongyloidiasis in ex-prisoners of war in south-east Asia.

PMID- 6446348
TI  - Female sterilisation--no more tubal coagulation.

PMID- 6446349
TI  - Realities for change in child health care: existing patterns and future
      possibilities.
AB  - In assessing some of the existing patterns and future possibilities in child
      health care it was found that the continuing large social class differences in
      morbidity and mortality may be attributed to continued poverty, both of income
      and therefore of diet, and also to environmental deprivation. The absence of safe
      places for children to play, for example, is related to the high accident rates
      experienced by children. Doctors admit to awareness of these social and
      environmental causes of unnecessary morbidity and mortality among children but
      have failed to address the causes directly. While the causes are outside the
      immediate professional provenance of doctors, it is argued that, aware as they
      are of this aetiology, they have a moral and professional responsibility to act
      collectively as a pressure group urging improvements on the relevant authorities
      (as they have done in the case of smoking and clean air, for example).

PMID- 6446350
TI  - [The age of grandmothers of children with Down's syndome (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446351
TI  - [Study of electric manifestations of heart action at experimentally enlarged
      myocardial mass in early postnatal period (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446352
TI  - [Optimal trypsin concentration for rat heart cell cultures].
AB  - Three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 per 1000, w/v) of a single batch of trypsin
      were compared regarding their influence on cultured cardiac cell of newborn rats.
      All three allowed to obtain cardiac cells in good conditions, as evidence by
      beating frequencies and [16-14C]-palmitate beta-oxidation. However the 0.5 per
      1000 concentration appeared to be the optimal one, inducing a smaller loss of
      cells during the first two days in culture.

PMID- 6446353
TI  - [Dose/response relations of insulin and glucagon on honeybee glycemia].
AB  - Two hours after insulin-injection to emerging bees, hypoglucosemia occurs
      significantly with doses from 10(-2) to 10(2) ng per bee, with a maximum (-53 p.
      cent) from 0.1 to 1 ng, that is equivalent to 0.02 to 0.2 i.u./kg.
      Hyperglucosemic effects of glucagon, 1 hour 30 mn after injection, are
      significant with doses from 10 to 500 ng per bee, with a maximum (+ 146 p. cent)
      for 100 ng, that is: 844 micrograms/kg. The trehalosemia shows lower variations
      in the same time.

PMID- 6446354
TI  - [Urinary elimination of oxytocin and vasopressin measured by radioimmunoassay in
      different phases of the menstrual cycle in women].
AB  - Urinary arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) excretion were measured by
      radioimmunoassay and studied in 3 normally cycling women. No difference for AVP
      and OT excretion was found between the different phases of the menstrual cycle.
      But in one subject with a typical pre-menstrual syndrom (weight gain of 1.5 kg),
      a significant statistical difference was found in AVP excretion (p less than
      0.05) between the pre-ovulatory (25.3 +/- 3.08 ng/24 h) and the post-ovulatory
      (39.45 +/- 5.59 ng/24 h) phase. The well known stimulatory effect of estrogen as
      judged from plasma studies on neurohypophyseal hormones was thus difficult to
      demonstrate in urine. These results could be explained by the fact that the
      kidney destroys both AVP and OT, but OT at a higher rate than AVP.

PMID- 6446355
TI  - [Effect of muramyldipeptide (MDP) on rat resistance to Schistosoma mansoni].
AB  - Partial immunity to Schistosoma mansoni, in the rat, can be obtained by injection
      of a bilharzian antigen together muramyldipeptide (MDP) in a water in oil
      emulsion. This immunity is the result of both specific and non specific
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6446356
TI  - [Effect of chemically related organochloric pesticides on the electro-ocular
      response of the white mouse].
AB  - Chlordane, aldrin and dieldrin act on the bipolar neurones and the repolarization
      of the photoreceptors. Only aldrin and dieldrin disturb photoreceptor
      excitability. Taking account of experimental results previously obtained with DDT
      and HCH, a relation between chemical structure and retinian toxicity has been
      proved.

PMID- 6446357
TI  - [Sertoli cells of the impubescent pig: a method for obtaining isolated cells].
AB  - Minced whole testes from immature pigs were treated with collagenase (0.4 mg/ml)
      then with trypsin (2.5 mg/ml). The resulting suspension of cells was divided into
      sterile bottles containing medium 199 supplemented with 5 p. 100 calf serum.
      Bottles were maintained at 32 degrees C. After about 24 hours medium was changed
      3 times to eliminate free cells. Within 3 days preparations consisting of 81.5%
      Sertoli cells, 0.5% Leydig cells and 18% peritubular cells were obtained.

PMID- 6446358
TI  - [Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of androstenedione, testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone. Application to the study of Leydig cell function].
AB  - A radioimmunological method for simultaneous dosage of androstenedione,
      testosterone and dihyhydrotestosterone is described. This technique was applied
      to the study of the secretions of Leydig cells removed from hypophysectomized
      boar testis, in organ cultures. The releasing kinetic of the 3 steroids under hCG
      influence was studied; after 12 days of culture, the medium was analysed during
      96 hours (8 periods of 12 hours); the steroid production started immediately and
      showed a progressive increase then slightly slowed down at the end of the 4 days.

PMID- 6446359
TI  - [Effect of hCG on the production of androstenedione, testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone by long term organ culture testicular tissue from
      hypophysectomized boars].
AB  - Study of the profile of androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
      elaboration was performed till 23 days of culture. Stimulation by hCG went
      through several phases which were expressed in terms of hormonal elaboration by
      successive steps of 1) progressive initiation 2) strong activity 3) fall 4)
      renewal of the secretion. The inital step corresponds to the restoration of
      cytoplasmic organels dealing with steroidogenesis. The fall could correspond to
      apparition of a transient refractoriness. This late event resembles
      desensitization which has been described in another models.

PMID- 6446360
TI  - [Testicular androgens and spermatogenetic cycles in the viviparous lizard].
AB  - Androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured in the
      testis of 36 males of the viviparous lizard throughout a period (from end of May
      to end of July) characterized by the transition between two spermatogenetic
      cycles and by very low levels of plasma testosterone. The sudden rise of
      testicular testosterone and androstenedione in June is concomitant with a
      degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. It coincides with a transient
      appearance of testicular dihydrotestosterone. During the next decline in the
      levels of testosterone and androstenedione, it occurs a restoration of the
      seminiferous tubules which resume spermatogenesis (proliferation of spermatogenia
      and prophase of first meiotic division). The part played by some testicular
      steroids in the control of spermatogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6446361
TI  - [Technic for the morphometric study of cells in culture, about the in vitro
      stimulation of ovarian stroma cells by H.C.G].
AB  - Sizes for ovarian stroma cells in culture are according to a log normal
      distribution. Cell stimulation by H.C.G. promotes a significative decrease of
      these sizes.

PMID- 6446362
TI  - [Effects of cimetidine on estrus cycle in the rat].
AB  - Statistical study of Cimetidine effects on estrous cycle of the rat have been
      performed, by daily vaginal smears, for twenty one days with doses nearly similar
      to those used in human therapy. Our data showed that Cimetidine did not
      significantly modify the evolution of estrous cycles.

PMID- 6446363
TI  - [Some effects of a growth inhibitor, Diflubenzuron, on a crab Carcinus
      mediterraneus (Czerniavsky)].
AB  - The effects of Diflubenzuron (N-4-chlorophenylamino carbonyl 2-6
      difluorobenzamide) were tested, on a common crab of the Languedocian coasting
      ponds: Carcinus mediterraneus (Czerniavsky). Seawater was contaminated at two
      concentrations: 0.2 and 0.02 ppm. This insecticide enhances the mortality with
      increasing concentrations and causes a mortality at molting that, perhaps,
      results of alterations in the formation of the new exoskeleton. These effects on
      the cuticle look like those found in contaminated insects: the absence of
      resorption of the old integument is added to malformations in the synthesis of
      the new exocuticle.

PMID- 6446364
TI  - [Kinetic evaluation of the adrenocortical response to telemetric stimulation of
      the hypothalamus in thalamic pigeons].
AB  - Kinetic evaluation of the adrenocortical activation induced after hypothalamic
      stimulation was obtained by determining plasma corticosterone levels (protein
      binding assay) at 2, then 5 and 10 min intervals for 100 min. Chronic
      catheterization and an electronic miniature device for hypothalamic
      telestimulation allowed for avoiding any environmental disturbance. Plasma
      corticosterone was rapidly increasing up to a peak (x 4 basal initial level) at
      14 min after stimulating the hypothalamus for one sec. Corticosteronemia was then
      decreasing to resting level within one hour. This response was approximately the
      same in intact as in thalamic pigeons.

PMID- 6446365
TI  - [Insulin receptors in dog lymphocytes].
AB  - The circulating lymphocyte because of its easy accessibility provides a useful
      model for the study of insulin receptors in dog. Consequently, we have studied
      the binding of insulin to lymphocytes prepared from Ficoll gradient. Our results
      demonstrate that circulating dog lymphocytes bind 125I-Insulin and this binding
      is inhibited by unlabeled insulin. This binding is function of the cell
      concentration and a saturable function of 125I-Insulin concentration. At 4
      degrees C the equilibrium conditions are reached in 30 mn. Scatchard analysis
      revealed a cirvilinear plot. The number of receptors per cell was calculated as
      1000 to 1500. This study have also revealated a decrease in the number of sites
      in diabetic dogs. We believe that the study of insulin receptor in lymphocyte's
      dog is important to understand some aspects of pathological states in diabetes.

PMID- 6446366
TI  - [Effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the secretion of insulin induced by
      tolbutamide in the absence of glucose].
AB  - Our experiments were carried out on the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The
      effect of ATP on insulin secretion induced by tolbutamide (a hypoglycemic
      sulfonylurea) was studied in the absence of glucose. The addition of ATP (0.165
      mmol/l) to the perfusion medium did not significantly modify the first phase
      induced by tolbutamide (0.4 mmol/l) but potentiated the second phase.

PMID- 6446367
TI  - [Effects of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol on release of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) from 36-38 day old male and female rat anterior pituitaries
      perifused with constant amounts of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (Gn-GH)].
AB  - In vitro (perifusion of rat pituitaries) the 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta
      diol (3 beta diol) exerts inhibitory effects on Gn-RH stimulated LH secretion.
      The 3 beta diol is more potent at high dose (1 micrograms/ml) than low dose (100
      ng/ml) and in the male rat than in the female rat.

PMID- 6446368
TI  - [Effect of neonatal gonadectomy on peripheral corticosterone metabolism in rats].
AB  - Disappearance of plasma corticosterone after psychic aggression in the
      prepubertal Rat (25 days) is carried out in a similar manner in the two sexes. At
      this age, neonatal gonadectomy declined the rate of disappearance. In the adult
      Rat (60 days) disappearance of plasma corticosterone proceeds more rapidly in
      females than in males; neonatal gonadectomy abolishes this sex difference. It
      appears that ovariectomy, contrarily to orchidectomy, decreases the rate of
      disappearance. Moreover, our results put forward an increased sensitivity of the
      feedback mechanism corticosterone ACTH during growth.

PMID- 6446369
TI  - [Retrogression of the metabolic activity of astrocytes after extinction of an
      experimental epileptogenic focus. Histochemical investigation].
AB  - Previous anatomochemical and experimental investigations had resulted in the
      histochemical characterisation of the epileptogenic focus by the presence of
      "activated astrocytes"; cortical reactive astrocytes acquiring an intense
      activity of sundry dehydrogenases (DH) and becoming visible in spite of the
      positivity of the neuropil, and stopping at the amylose step in the synthesis of
      glycogen. This activation exists from the first electrical sings of epilepsy and
      even preceeds them in the case of glucose-6-phosphate DH. The present study deals
      with the fate of activated astrocytes after the disappearance of electrical signs
      of the epileptogenic focus produced by implantation of a cobalt powder-gelatin
      pellet into the cerebral cortex of the rat. After extinction of the focus, high
      activity of DH persists in astrocytes only in the immediate vicinity of the glial
      scar surrounding the implant. Later, among the DH investigated only glutamate and
      specially glucose-6-phosphate DH maintain an activity intense enough to reveal
      these cells on the background of the neuropil. These results point to a
      progressive return to a normal metabolism of astrocytes after the disappearance
      of the electrical signs of epilepsy by way of steps similar to those preceeding
      these signs.

PMID- 6446370
TI  - [Cardiovascular responses of the rat to a prostaglandin endoperoxide analog].
AB  - In the anaesthetized rat, injection of the prostaglandin endoperoxide analog, U
      44069, in the right ventricle is vasopressor both in the pulmonary and the
      systemic circulation. When a moderate dose is used, the hypertensive response of
      the systemic vascular bed changes in an hypotension. The toxicity seems to be
      cumulative. At high doses, a vascular collapse is observed sometimes with
      pulmonary oedema. These findings correlate with the EKG pattern typical for an
      acute cor pulmonale.

PMID- 6446371
TI  - Kinetics of rat liver GM2 ganglioside-beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase.
AB  - The kinetics of beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase against GM2 ganglioside were
      examined. We used a crude preparation of rat liver as the enzyme source because
      purification of beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase results in a decrease in specific
      activity against GM2 ganglioside. Kinetic plots were not linear but showed a
      break. At substrate concentrations less than 50 microM the Vmax was 6 pmol GM2
      hydrolyzed per hour per micromole 4-MU-GlcNAc hydrolyzed per hour (pmol GM2/mumol
      4-MU-GlcNAc) and the Km was 5 microM. At substrate concentrations greater than 50
      microM, the Vmax was 7 pmol GM2/mumol 4-MU-GlcNAc and the Km was 14 microM. The
      critical micelle concentration of GM2 ganglioside was 20-25 microM as determined
      by spectral shifts of the dye pinacyanol chloride in association with GM2, and 10
      15 microM from electrical conductivity measurements which also showed the end of
      the monomer-micelle transition to occur at 40-50 microM GM2. The increasing
      excess of micellar substrate at greater than 50 microM GM2 explains the
      discontinuity in the kinetic plots. Sodium taurocholate had a critical micelle
      concentration of 9-11 mM using pinacyanol chloride and 2.5-3 mM using electrical
      conductivity. When included in the assay mixture at a concentration of 10 mM,
      sodium taurocholate produced a linear kinetic plot. This is probably due to the
      formation of mixed micelles of detergent and GM2 ganglioside. The Vmax was 200
      pmol GM2/MUmol 4-MU-GlcNAc and the Km was 93 microM. The data suggest that
      ganglioside hydrolysis occurs more readily when the substrate is incorporated
      into a membrane-like environment.

PMID- 6446372
TI  - Subcellular Ca2+ transport in different areas of dog heart.
AB  - Calcium transport and ATPase activities were determined in the heavy and
      mitochondrial fractions isolated from the left and right atria as well as
      ventricles of dogs. Ultrastructural distribution of these organelles in different
      areas of the myocardium was also examined. Calcium binding, calcium uptake, and
      calcium ATPase activities of the atrial microsomes were lower than those of the
      ventricles. On the other hand, mitochondrial calcium binding and uptake
      activities in the right atrium were higher than those in other areas. The
      mitochondrial total ATPase activities in the atria were also higher than those in
      the ventricles. Mitochondrial as well as microsomal yields from ventricles were
      significantly higher. Size and number of mitochondria in the ventricles were
      greater whereas no striking difference in the distribution of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum was apparent in different areas of the heart. Poorly developed calcium
      transport functions in the atrial microsomes may be one of the factors
      responsible for the generation of lower contractile force in this tissue in
      comparison with the ventricle.

PMID- 6446373
TI  - Occurrence of heparin and multisulfated chondroitins in the rat gastrointestinal
      tract and effect of fat feeding.
AB  - Rats were fed glucose solution for 3 days and killed without fasting. Examination
      of the crude polysaccharides extracted from the gastrointestinal tract by
      electrophoresis on the micro scale and using critical electrolyte concentration
      and bacterial enzymes showed three types of sulfated mucopolysaccharides were
      present. These were identified as heparitins, multisulfated chondroitins, and
      heparins. The heparin resembled a macromolecular heparin of moderate molecular
      weight. Following oil feeding, only the heparitins and multisulfated chondroitins
      were present in the small intestine, and no heparin was found. With fasting for
      12 h after glucose feeding, the amount of the heparin fraction in the small
      intestine was reduced. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of a heparin
      in the rat small intestine which is responsive to changes in diet.

PMID- 6446374
TI  - Production of migration inhibitory factor in response to bacterial and fungal
      antigens in patients with untreated Graves' disease.
AB  - Tests for the production of migration inhibitory factor by peripheral blood
      leukocytes in response to ubiquitous bacterial and fungal antigens were carried
      out in patients with untreated Graves' disease and in healthy control subjects.
      Dose-response studies, tests for the production of this factor after 72 hours'
      stimulation with phytohemagglutinin as a test for reserve, and tests before and
      after 24 hours' preculture to deplete suppressor cells were also performed in
      some patients. The antigens used were Candida, Trichophyton-Oidiomyces
      Epidermophyton, mumps live attenuated virus and purified protein derivative of
      tuberculin. The production of migration inhibitory factor was measured by the
      agarose microdroplet method.The production of migration inhibitory factor in
      response to all the antigens except mumps virus was slightly greater in the
      patients than in the control subjects, although the differences were not
      significant. The dose-response characteristics and the production of migration
      inhibitory factor after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin were similar in the
      two groups. The production of migration inhibitory factor in response to
      suboptimal concentrations of Candida, Trichophyton-Oidiomyces-Epidermophyton and
      mumps virus was not enhanced in either group after 24 hours' preculture apart
      from a slight increase in response to mumps virus in the patients.These results
      fail to support the suggestion that patients with Graves' disease have a
      deficiency of suppressor cells.

PMID- 6446375
TI  - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. VI. Analysis of cell markers in acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia with special reference to Fc receptor expression on E
      rosette-forming blasts.
AB  - A variety of surface markers, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
      activity, morphologic appearance, and cytochemical composition were studied in a
      group of 16 patients (13 children, 3 adults) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      (ALL). In 9 children, no surface markers were detected on lymphoblasts (null-type
      ALL). Leukemic blasts of 4 children formed E-rosettes. These E-rosette-forming
      blasts from 3 adult patients with ALL, were studied for the presence of Fc
      receptors. Of the leukemic blasts from these 7 patients, 2--76% expressed
      receptors for IgG Fc. Only 3 of 7 patients showed 9--42% receptors for IgM Fc. In
      addition, complement receptors were investigated in 6 of those 7 patients with T
      cell ALL. Complement receptors were detected on 9--70% of the E rosette forming
      blasts from all 6 patients. TdT activity was elevated in T-cell ALL and in
      children with null-type ALL. The heterogeneity of Fc receptor expression on
      leukemic blasts in these patients demonstrates a malignant proliferation of T
      cells in different stages of differentiation or maturation. This observation
      might be helpful in subclassifying T-cell leukemias with regard to prognosis and
      the response to therapy.

PMID- 6446376
TI  - Percutaneous hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of mitomycin C and floxuridine
      (FUDR): an effective treatment for metastatic colorectal carcinoma in the liver.
AB  - The response rate of metastatic colorectal carcinoma confined to the liver to HAI
      of FUDR alone is at the range of 50% and to mitomycin C by hepatic arterial
      infusion (HAI) at the range of 35%. Mitomycin C was added to FUDR by continuous
      infusion and given by HAI to 12 patients with colorectal cancer confined to the
      liver. Catheters were placed subselectively in the hepatic artery, and infusion
      continued for five to six days when the catheter was removed. Cycles were
      repeated every 30 days. Chemotherapy consisted of mitomycin C 15 mg/m2
      administered on day 1 followed by FUDR 100 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for
      five days. Response to treatment was evaluated by serial determinations of plasma
      CEA and by imaging techniques consisting of a computerized tomography,
      sonography, and radionuclide scanning of liver as well as by angiography. In 2
      patients, complete remission was achieved; in 4 patients a 75% and in another 4
      patients a 50% decrease in liver metastasis was observed, while 2 patients had
      stable disease. Thus, a response rate of 83% with a median duration of six to
      seven months was achieved. The median survival of the these patients was 16
      months. Eight of the 12 patients have failed previous, i.v. 5-FU containing
      regimens. Complications related to 45 treatment cycles were the following:
      catheter displacement in 11.1%, an intimal tear, usually in the hepatic artery in
      4.4%, gastric ulcerations in 5.4%, and septicemia in 2.7% of the cycles. In
      addition, aneurysmal dilation of the hepatic artery occurred in 4 patients (8.8%
      of the treatment cycles), all of whom continued treatment. Chemotherapy-related
      complications included primarily thrombocytopenia and stomatitis. Mitomycin C +
      FUDR by hepatic arterial infusion is an effective treatment for colorectal
      carcinoma metastatic to the liver. The high response rate justifies the adjuvant
      treatment of Dukes class C colon cancer patients with this treatment.

PMID- 6446377
TI  - The use and limitations of serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels as
      a monitor of changing metastatic liver tumor volume in patients receiving
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Nine patients with liver-predominant or liver-only metastatic adenocarcinoma, who
      received hepatic intra-arterial and peripheral intravenous chemotherapy, were
      evaluated to determine if changes in plasma CEA accurately indicated changes in
      liver tumor volume as estimated from serial liver scan defect sizes, and if the
      two were quantitatively related. When selected periods of tumor remission or
      progression were studied during chemotherapy, the index of change of serial CEA
      values correlated positively (r = 0.764, P = 0.01) with the index of change of
      liver tumor volume in all 9 cases. Changes in absolute CEA values, however, aid
      not correlate significantly with changes in absolute liver tumor volumes when
      assessed either during these selected periods or throughout individual patient
      courses. Biologic and methodologic factors that influence the quantitative
      relation between liver tumor volume and plasma CEA are discussed.

PMID- 6446378
TI  - Characterization of immunosuppressor cells in rats immunized with solubilized
      tumor-associated antigens prepared from a methylcholanthrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma.
AB  - Antiimmune responses in rats previously immunized with soluble tumor antigens
      prepared by sodium deoxycholate (DOC-STA) from chemically induced fibrosarcoma
      KMT-17 were measured by the Winn assay. Enhancement of tumor growth was
      demonstrated at a tumor:effector ratio of 1:500 with DOC-STA-immune spleen cells,
      although inhibition of tumor growth was demonstrated at a tumor:effector ratio of
      1:100. The tumor-neutralizing ability of KMT-17-immune spleen cells was abrogated
      when DOC-STA-immune spleen cells were added to a mixture of KMT-17 cells and KMT
      17-immune spleen cells. This suppressor activity of the spleen cells was
      diminished by the treatment with rabbit anti-rat T-cell serum and immune
      complement. The suppressor activity of DOC-STA-immune spleen cells was also shown
      in 51Cr release assay and was specific for the tumor line used. After
      fractionation of spleen cells from DOC-STA-immune rats by the Ficoll density
      gradient, the cells in the light layer showed an enhancing effect on tumor growth
      detected by the Winn assay, whereas the cells in the heavier region of the
      gradient had an inhibiting effect.

PMID- 6446379
TI  - Importance of timing in cyclophosphamide therapy of MOPC-315 tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 6446380
TI  - Neocarzinostatin-induced DNA strand scission and subsequent cell cycle traverse
      in HeLa S3 cells.
AB  - HeLa cells were synchronized at the G1-S boundary by double thymidine block and
      treated for 1 hr with varying concentrations of the antibiotic anticancer protein
      neocarzinostatin (NCS). Cells were then released from the block and allowed to
      resume their cycle. Aliquots were removed at various times in order to monitor
      cell cycle progression and to assess repair of DNA strand breaks. Dose-dependent
      DNA strand breakage occurred at all concentrations of NCS tested down to 0.05
      microgram/ml. Flow cytometry revealed that NCS-treated cells were delayed in
      entering S phase and that once in S phase their rate of progression through it
      was retarded significantly. At all concentrations of NCS tested, the majority of
      cells did not enter G2 by 12 hr. Untreated cells, on the other hand, completed
      mitosis by this time. NCS-treated cells had little ability to repair DNA breaks.
      There appeared to be a correlation between the initial number of NCS-induced DNA
      breaks and the delayed entry into the S phase but little correlation between the
      lack of strand scission repair and the retarded progress through S phase.

PMID- 6446381
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of cefoperazone.

PMID- 6446382
TI  - Cefoperazone sodium: proceedings of the first international symposium, Boston,
      October, 1979.

PMID- 6446383
TI  - Microbiological evaluation of cefoperazone, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin.

PMID- 6446384
TI  - Regression analyses for cefoperazone on Mueller-Hinton agar and DST agar.
AB  - A total of 142 gram-positive and 161 gram-negative bacterial strains were tested
      by an agar diffusion method using antibiotic disks (30 microgram/ml) and the
      broth dilution method in order to establish a relationship between zone diameter
      and minimal inhibitory concentration. Mueller-Hinton and DST-Oxoid agars were
      both evaluated to assess their effects on zone diameters. Computer programmed
      regression lines of the first and second order were determined, as well as the
      correlation coefficient of both regression lines. Acceptable correlation
      coefficients (R = 0.84-0.92) were achieved. The regression lines of the first and
      second order showed differences, which fell into the category of
      resistant/susceptible. The DST agar appeared to be better suited than the Mueller
      Hinton agar (using the Bauer-Kirby method of the agar diffusion test) to show the
      differences in the breakpoints.

PMID- 6446385
TI  - Bactericidal activity of cefoperazone in comparison with other beta-lactam
      antibiotics and gentamicin.
AB  - Killing curves were employed to determine the in vitro bactericidal activity of
      cefoperazone against several aerobic bacterial species of clinical origin.
      Cefoperazone was bactericidal at concentrations equal to, or greater than, the
      minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) but allowed regrowth of the organisms
      after four to six hours when tested in concentrations of one-fourth or one-half
      the MIC. Comparative studies with gentamicin, LY127935 (moxalactam),
      piperacillin, cefamandole, and cephalothin indicate that, in general,
      cefoperazone demonstrated similar killing activity as other beta-lactam
      compounds, with some strain differences noted. Gentamicin, as the representative
      aminoglycoside, demonstrated a greater rate of bactericidal activity than the
      beta-lactam compounds studied.

PMID- 6446386
TI  - In vitro activity of cefoperazone against clinical isolates of
      Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus.

PMID- 6446387
TI  - A study of cefoperazone alone and in combination with tobramycin against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefoperazone for 507 clinical
      isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were measured by plate dilution technique. On
      a cumulative percentage basis, 81% of isolates were inhibited by less than or
      equal 3.13 microgram/ml of cefoperazone. The minimum bactericidal concentration
      (MBC) was found to be generally twice the MIC. Synergy occurred between
      cefoperazone and tobramycin, judged by a lowering of the MIC in 69% of isolates,
      for which the MIC of cefoperazone alone was less than or equal to 6.2
      microgram/ml.

PMID- 6446388
TI  - In vitro and in vivo microbiological evaluations of cefoperazone.

PMID- 6446389
TI  - Antimicrobial activity and spectrum of cefoperazone against recent clinical
      isolates.

PMID- 6446390
TI  - Inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone, cefazolin, cefamandole, cephaloridine,
      and cefoxitin for 300 gram-negative clinical isolates.

PMID- 6446391
TI  - A study of the in vitro activity of cefoperazone: a comparison with other beta
      lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 6446392
TI  - Clinical trials with cefoperazone in the field of internal medicine in Japan.
AB  - A total of 466 patients were treated with cefoperazone. The drug was usually
      administered by drip infusion of 2 to 4 gm/day. Therapy was described as markedly
      effective and moderately effective in 64 of 77 patients (83.1%) treated for
      urinary tract infections; 253 of 316 patients (80.1%) treated for respiratory
      infections; 37 of 48 patients (77.1%) treated for liver biliary duct infections;
      ten of 16 patients (62.5%) treated for septicemia; and seven of nine patients
      (77.8%) being treated for other infections. Overall, cefoperazone was effective
      79.6% of all patients treated. With respect to bacteriological activity, the
      overall eradication rate for gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter
      sp, and Proteus sp) was 81% (182/225) and for gram-positive (Staphyloccocus
      aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis) 90% (36/40). Of 205
      patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic therapy, 67.8% were treated
      effectively with cefoperazone. Side effects, such as skin eruption, pyrexia and
      diarrhea, occurred in only 4.8% of patients treated, while laboratory
      abnormalities, such as elevated glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and eosinophil values, occurred in
      only 6.4% of the treated patients. None of these abnormal values were of clinical
      significance.

PMID- 6446393
TI  - Clinical trials with cefoperazone in the field of surgery in Japan.

PMID- 6446394
TI  - Clinical comparison of cefoperazone in complicated urinary tract infections using
      a double-blind method.
AB  - A comparative double-blind study of the clinical efficacy of cefoperazone against
      chronic, complicated urinary tract infections was performed using carbenicillin
      as a control. Cefoperazone was administered at 2 gm/day and carbenicillin at 4
      gm/day, in two divided doses, for five consecutive days, and the clinical
      efficacy was determined. A total of 283 patients were treated, of which 45 were
      subsequently excluded as unassessable ans six were dropped owing to side effects,
      leaving 232 evaluable patients, 116 on each drug. There were no significant
      differences between the two drug groups with respect to patients' sex, age, body
      weight, and catheterization. The overall efficacy rates were: cefoperazone,
      excellent in 24 and moderate in 45 cases, for an overall clinical effectiveness
      rate of 59%; carbenicillin, excellent in 14 and moderate in 21 cases, for an
      overall effectiveness rate of 30%. With respect to bacteriological activity,
      68.2% of 154 strains treated with cefoperazone were eradicated, compared with
      50.3% of 169 strains treated with carbenicillin. The corresponding eradication
      rates were 84% and 40% for Escherichia coli, 50% and 16% for Serratia sp, and 54%
      and 55% for Pseudomonas sp, respectively. Cefoperazone caused side effects in
      only four cases, and carbenicillin in three, all of which were mild in nature,
      with no significant toleration differences between the two groups. A total of 11
      abnormal laboratory test results were obtained in patients treated with
      cefoperazone; nine such results were recorded for carbenicillin-treated
      individuals. None were of clinical significance.

PMID- 6446395
TI  - Microbiological studies on cefoperazone.

PMID- 6446396
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to cefoperazone and other beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefoperazone was tested against 155 clinical isolates of
      anaerobic bacteria and compared to that of cefoxitin, LY127935 (moxalactam),
      cefotaxime, cefamandole, and cephalothin. Against the Bacteroides fragilis group,
      the compound was as active as LY127935, but less active than cefoxitin.
      Cefotaxime was less active than cefoperazone, cefoxitin, and LY127935.
      Cefoperazone, as well as cefoxitin, LY127935, and cefotaxime, exhibited excellent
      activity against all other anaerobic organisms tested. Cefamandole and
      cephalothin showed inferior activity when compared to the other four drugs.

PMID- 6446397
TI  - Cefoperazone: evaluation of the in vitro activity and an analysis of the disk
      diffusion test.

PMID- 6446398
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone following intravenous
      administration.

PMID- 6446399
TI  - Cefoperazone: pharmacokinetics in humans with normal and impaired renal function
      and pharmacokinetics in rats.

PMID- 6446400
TI  - Cefoperazone: absorption, excretion, distribution, and metabolism.

PMID- 6446401
TI  - In vitro activity of a new semisynthetic cephalosporin: cefoperazone.
AB  - Cefoperazone is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with excellent antibacterial
      activity. This study included more than 1,500 clinical isolates whose
      susceptibility to cefoperazone was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration
      (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cefoperazone was highly
      active against Enterobacteriaceae including indolepositive Proteus, Serratia and
      Enterobacter sp. Particularly noteworthy was the high activity of cefoperazone
      against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter strains, which are usually resistant to
      first- and second-generation cephalosporins. The activity of cefoperazone against
      Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, group D streptococci and
      Haemophilus was also determined. In general, the differences between MIC and MBC
      were minimal. Additional studies were carried out to determine the effect of
      inoculum size on cefoperazone activity.

PMID- 6446402
TI  - Comparative activity of cefoperazone against selected cephalosporinase-producing
      enteric bacteria.

PMID- 6446403
TI  - Adenine nucleotides in the carotid body.
AB  - Remarkably large amounts of adenine nucleotides are identified in type L-cells of
      the carotid body by fluorescence microscopy (labelling with quinacrine) and
      electron microscopy (uranaffin reaction). At the fine-structural level of the
      matrix material of specific granules displays enhanced electron density after
      fixation with uranium ions. It is suggested that ATP is stored within specific
      granules in addition to catecholamines and proteins. Adenine nucleotides should
      be considered as one of the secretion products of the chief cells in the carotid
      body, being capable locally of influencing vascular flow and/or chemoreceptor
      terminals. Histochemical analysis of the activities leading to a splitting of
      adenine nucleotides shows a high reactivity with ATP or ADP as substrates.
      Reaction products are confined to the entire vascular bed of the carotid body.
      Using AMP or beta-glycerophosphate as substrate, practically no phosphohydrolytic
      activity could be detected within the carotid body. Thus, the phosphatases are
      adequate to remove ATP and ADP, but not to form adenosine.

PMID- 6446404
TI  - The chromosomal arrangement of human alpha-like globin genes: sequence homology
      and alpha-globin gene deletions.
AB  - We report the isolation of a cluster of four alpha-like globin genes from a
      bacteriophage lambda library of human DNA (Lawn et al., 1978). Analysis of the
      cloned DNA confirms the linkage arrangement of the two adult alpha-globin genes
      (alpha 1 and alpha 2) previously derived from genomic blotting experiments
      (Orkin, 1978) and identifies two additional closely linked alpha-like genes. The
      nucleotide sequence of a portion of each of these alpha-like genes was
      determined. One of these sequences is tentatively identified as an embryonic zeta
      globin gene (zeta 1) by comparison with structural data derived from purified
      zeta-globin protein (J. Clegg, personal communication), while the other sequence
      cannot be matched with any known alpha-like polypeptide sequence (we designate
      this sequence phi alpha 1). Localization of the four alpha-like sequences on a
      restriction map of the gene cluster indicates that the genes have the same
      transcriptional orientation and are arranged in the order 5'-zeta 1-phi alpha 1
      alpha 2-alpha 1-3'. Genomic blotting experiments identified a second, nonallelic
      zeta-like globin gene (phi 2) located 10-12 kb 5' to the cloned zeta-globin gene.
      Comparison of the locations of restriction sites within alpha 1 and alpha 2 and
      heteroduplex studies reveal extensive sequence homology within and flanking the
      two genes. The homologous sequences, which are interrupted by two blocks of
      nonhomology, span a region of approximately 4 kb. This extensive sequence
      homology between two genes which are thought to be the products of an ancient
      duplication event suggests the existence of a mechanism for sequence matching
      during evolution. One consequence of this arrangement of homologous sequences is
      the occurrence of two types of deletions in recombinant phage DNA during
      propagation in E. coli. The locations and sizes of the two types of deletions are
      indistinguishable from those of the two types of deletions associated with alpha
      thalassemia 2 (Embury et al., 1979; Orkin et al., 1979; S. Embury et al.,
      manuscript submitted). This information strongly suggests that the genetic
      disease is a consequence of unequal crossing over between homologous sequences
      within and/or surrounding the two adult alpha-globin genes.

PMID- 6446405
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system: sequence analysis of a yeast
      mitochondrial ATPase gene containing the oli-2 and oli-4 loci.
AB  - The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segments of several rho- mutants carrying the oli
      2, oli-4 and pho-1 loci have been sequenced. The segments contain a common
      structural gene sequence that has been identified to include all three genetic
      markers. The gene codes for a protein with a molecular weight of 28,257. This new
      gene is located between 61.5 and 62.6 units on the wild-type map of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae and is transcribed from the same DNA strand as most other yeast
      mitochondrial genes sequenced to date. The amino acid composition and sequence
      deduced from the DNA sequence indicate that the protein is very hydrophobic, with
      three long domains (greater than 30 residues) consisting of nonpolar amino acids.
      Based on its molecular weight, the gene product is tentatively proposed to be
      either subunit 3 or 6 of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase.

PMID- 6446406
TI  - Impairment of host-versus-graft reaction in pregnant mice. II. Selective
      suppression of cytotoxic T-cell generation correlates with soluble suppressor
      activity and with successful allogeneic pregnancy.

PMID- 6446407
TI  - The possible role of prostaglandins in mediating immune suppression by
      nonspecific T suppressor cells.

PMID- 6446408
TI  - EGF growth promoting activity is neutralized by phorbol esters.
AB  - The tumor-promoter, TPA, stimulates growth of human epithelial cells but not that
      of normal fibroblasts. In the presence of either EGF or FGF, TPA antagonizes the
      growth stimulatory activity of both factors in both cell lines.

PMID- 6446409
TI  - Purification of an endopeptide to homogenity and the verification of its
      selective inhibitory action on myeloid cell proliferation.
AB  - The purification of an endogenous regulatory peptide to homogeneity which
      selectively inhibits the proliferation of normal and leukaemic myeloid cells is
      described. Leucocytes isolated from calf spleen or horse blood were homogenized,
      extracted by acetone, chloroform and distilled water, ultrafiltrated by Amicon
      Diaflo XM 50 and PM 10 membranes. The lyophilized filtrate was chromatographed on
      Sephadex G-15 and G-10 columns. Fractions were tested for the selective
      inhibition of myeloid proliferation by 3H-TdR incorporation and capillary colony
      formation. The active fractions were submitted to paper electrophoresis at pH 6.5
      and 1.9, and the peptides were re-tested. Finally a ninhydrin negative and chlor
      tolidine positive oligopeptide was identified as granulocyte-specific inhibitor,
      effective at 0.2 to 3.0 pmol/ml MED value in vitro. The peptide is negatively
      charged at pH 6.5, its electrophoretic mobility as compared to aspartic acid is 
      0.60. The peptide has no charge at pH 1.9, the mobility related to epsilon-DNP
      lysine is 0.26. Details of the structure analysis of the inhibitory endopeptide
      is described in our next paper.

PMID- 6446410
TI  - [The retrospective analysis of the epidemic of the "infections hepatitid" in 1964
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446411
TI  - [Observation of the frequency of complications of parotitis and its economic
      losses (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446412
TI  - [The importance of HBsAg in differential diagnosis of virus hepatitis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6446413
TI  - [Longitudinal observation of antibody response in parotitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446414
TI  - [Importance of absorption tests in the serotype diagnosis of leptospirosis in
      humans (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446415
TI  - [Distribution of migrating larvae of Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) in various
      organs of experimentally infected white mice (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446416
TI  - [Occurrence of ticks and chigger mites in urban areas (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446417
TI  - [Prevalence of HBsAg and the occurrence of hepatitis type B in patients and
      personnel of internal wards (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446418
TI  - Urinary excretion of methylated purines and 1-methyl-nicotinamide following
      administration of methylating carcinogens.

PMID- 6446419
TI  - Effect of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals on the activities of four
      glycolytic enzymes in mouse lung.
AB  - The activities of four glycolytic enzymes were measured in the lung homogenate of
      CFLP mice treated with a variety of carcinogens and non-carcinogens for mouse
      lung. The carcinogenic urethane, dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), 3-methylcholanthrene
      (MCA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and aflatoxin
      B1 enhanced the activity of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate
      kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 28 days after a single
      intraperitoneal administration. These carcinogens also altered the ratio of LDH H
      and M subunits. In contrast, under the same conditions the non-carcinogenic
      phenylurethane, ethylformate, chrysene, perylene and pyrene, as well as the
      pulmonarily toxic Paraquat, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and cadmium chloride
      (CdCl2), did not influence either the activities of the enzymes tested or the
      isozyme pattern of LDH.

PMID- 6446420
TI  - [Modification of mixed lymphocyte reactivity between DLA-identical dog sibs,
      after in vivo sensitization].
AB  - Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) with cells from DLA-identical dog sibs are
      nonresponsive either in primary or in secondary interactions after in vitro
      priming. However, lymphocytes from animals sensitized in vivo against DLA
      identical sibs can show increased proliferative response to their immunizing
      donor. The kinetics of this reaction are similar to MLR across the DLA-barrier,
      although its intensity is less important. This proliferation may reflect minor
      histocompatibility antigenic differences.

PMID- 6446421
TI  - The interaction between fluoropyrimidines and methotrexate, and [4C]-formate
      incorporation into nucleic acids and protein.
AB  - Changes are reported in [14C]-formate incorporation into nucleic acids and
      protein of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells during exposure to methotrexate (MTX) and
      fluoropyrimidines. The rate of [14C]-formate incorporation into RNA, DNA, and
      protein in the presence of only MTX was inhibited by 82%, 91%, and 75%
      respectively, when compared with control rates. However, in the presence of 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) plus MTX, formate incorporation into RNA, DNA, and
      protein was inhibited by 67%, 85%, and 66%. Incubation of cells in vitro with
      [3H]-dihydrofolate (DHF) results in its rapid conversion to [3H]-tetrahydrofolate
      (THF). The THF/DHF ratio from the soluble fraction of cells that were incubated
      with [3H]-DHF was 43% greater in the presence of FdUrd and MTX than in the
      presence of MTX alone. As the rate of [3H]-dUrd incorporation into DNA was
      reduced by 88% and 99% by pretreating cells with 0.1 muM and 1 muM FdUrd,
      respectively, the inhibitory effect of MTX on [14C]-formate incorporation into
      (a) RNA was decreased by 63% and 46%; (b) DNA was decreased by 74% and 61%; and
      (c) protein was decreased by 63% and 32%. These data suggest that
      fluoropyrimidines can antagonize the effects of MTX on purines or nucleic acid
      synthesis and protein synthesis by preventing the consumption of THF for dTMP
      synthesis.

PMID- 6446422
TI  - Activator-associated Ca2+-ATPase in erythrocyte membranes from cystic fibrosis
      patients.
AB  - Erythrocyte membranes were prepared by a method which should ensure binding of an
      activator protein (calmodulin) to the calcium dependent membrane ATPase involved
      in calcium transport. The level of enzyme activity, assayed at optimum
      conditions, was 5-400 times higher than that found in previous investigations on
      cystic fibrosis patients. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of the cystic fibrosis
      patients was reduced by 15% compared to control subjects, whereas patients
      suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases did not deviate from controls. Even if
      a reduction of Ca2+ pumping activity occurs in other cells, a 15% decrease could
      hardly be the only cause of the changed calcium concentrations in secretions from
      cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID- 6446423
TI  - Myoclonic and major seizures in early adult Huntington's chorea: case-report and
      electro-clinical findings.

PMID- 6446424
TI  - Intra-amniotic or intravenous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate:
      simultaneous changes in steroid levels in amniotic fluid and maternal serum.
AB  - Levels of unconjugated oestradiol-17 beta (E2) and testosterone (T) and total
      oestriol (E3) were measured hourly to 6 h after intra-amniotic (i.a.) (100--200
      mg) or intravenous (i.v.) (100 mg) injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
      (DHEA-S) in a series of twenty-six women with mid-trimester abortion. Amniotic
      fluid E2 and T levels were elevated significantly 1--6 h after the i.a. injection
      of DHEA-S, while the E3 level in amniotic fluid did not change. The i.a.
      administration also induced significant rises in serum E2 and T levels between 1
      and 6 h and in the serum E3 level between 2--6 h. The i.v. injection of DHEA-S
      was accompanied by significantly elevated serum levels of E2 and T, while the E3
      concentration remained unchanged. It appears that following maternal i.v.
      administration or an amniotic fluid injection, DHEA-S is rapidly converted to E2
      and T, and these accumulate in both the maternal circulation and the amniotic
      fluid. E3, however, is formed only after i.a. administration of DHEA-S, and is
      selectively transported to the maternal blood.

PMID- 6446425
TI  - Suppression of mixed lymphocyte reactions by pregnancy serum.
AB  - Maternal lymphocyte function, as assessed by stimulation with cells from a human
      lymphoid line, is normal in pregnancy. Maternal serum, however, contains
      immunosuppressive factor(s), demonstrable by 29 weeks of pregnancy, and having a
      greater effect at 36 weeks on mixed lymphocyte reactions. These immunosuppressive
      factor(s) block all mixed lymphocyte reactions to the same extent and are not
      specific towards those stimulated by paternal antigens. Anti-B cell (dr)
      alloantibodies, presumably directed against foetal antigens, are not uncommon in
      maternal serum even in early pregnancy. There is some suggestion that the
      presence of these antibodies in early pregnancy is associated with selective
      inhibition of maternal lymphocyte stimulation by paternal antigen. No correlation
      was found between the presence or absence of serum suppressive factors and the
      clinical course of the pregnancy.

PMID- 6446426
TI  - Current perspectives on the cellular mechanisms of immunologic tolerance.

PMID- 6446427
TI  - Chlorozotocin, an anti-tumour agent lacking bone marrow toxicity at therapeutic
      doses: effects on lymphocyte subpopulations in mice.
AB  - Chlorozotocin is a new nitrosourea anti-tumour drug that does not produce bone
      marrow suppression at therapeutic doses in mice. CDF1 mice which were injected
      i.p. with a dose lethal to 10% of animals within 60 days (LD10), 20 mg/kg,
      developed a 50% reduction in circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes without a
      decrease in circulating granulocytes by day 3. Spleen weight also decreased
      markedly. The percentage of spleen B and T cells, determined by
      immunofluorescence with goat anti-mouse IgG and rabbit anti-mouse brain antisera,
      did not differ in control and chlorozotocin-treated mice. However, the ability of
      residual spleen cells to proliferate in response to phytohaemagglutinin,
      concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and allogeneic cells was significantly
      suppressed although the lipopolysaccharide response was not reduced. The ability
      of the mice to respond to a primary immunization with sheep red blood cells was
      not significantly impaired. Therefore, chlorozotocin has a cytotoxic effect on
      both B and T cells but selectively inhibits the proliferative capacity of T
      cells. B cell proliferation and B cell function as measured in a primary antibody
      response were not reduced. These studies suggest chlorozotocin may be useful as
      an immunosuppressive drug as well as an anti-tumour agent.

PMID- 6446428
TI  - Induction of suppression through human T cell interactions.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) activated T cells, devoid of cells bearing Fc receptors
      for IgG (T - TG) help human B lymphocytes to differentiate into plasma cells (PC)
      in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). PC differentiation is reduced when adult T
      cells are added to such cultures. The radiosensitivity of suppression and the
      radioresistance of help enabled us to show that adult T cells include a
      suppressor-precursor which is activated by irradiated Con A-precultured T cells.
      Newborn T cells which include active suppressors, are both poor stimulators of
      suppressor-precursors and poor helpers of B cells. Our results suggest that at
      least two cells may mediate Con A-induced suppression, one which suppresses
      directly and is radiosensitive and another which is radioresistant and stimulates
      suppressor-precursors in a target population of T cells.

PMID- 6446429
TI  - Cell-mediated immune responses between HLA-identical siblings: recognition of
      antigenic changes associated with acute myelogenous leukaemia.
AB  - Cell-mediated immune reactions between a patient suffering from acute myelogenous
      leukaemia (AML) and an HLA-identical sibling were studied in order to
      characterize the in vitro reactions in MLC and CML prior to bone marrow
      transplantation. Our results indicated that antigenic differences were detectable
      between the blasts and the remission lymphocytes. While the normal sibling did
      not respond in MLC to her HLA-identical sister's remission lymphocytes, there was
      an anti-blast response. This proliferative response, however, did not lead to the
      development of detectable cytotoxic cells capable of destroying blast cells.
      Unrelated individuals, on the other hand, responded strongly both in MLC and CML
      to the allogeneic tumour blasts and remission lymphocytes of the patient and the
      lymphocytes of the healthy sibling. The kinetics and magnitude of the MLC
      response to blast cells was different from that to remission lymphocytes. This
      response indicated that the blast cells expressed antigenic differences which
      were recognized in MLC by both the HLA-identical sibling and unrelated
      individuals. Furthermore, these tumour cells were capable of sensitizing
      allogeneic, but not syngeneic lymphocytes to become cytotoxic, though they seemed
      to be more resistant to destruction in CML than normal cells.

PMID- 6446430
TI  - Abnormal B cell differentiation and variable increased T cell suppression in
      immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM.
AB  - In vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis was evaluated in three young men having
      immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM. Patient and normal T and B cells were separated
      and cultured in various combinations. 35S-methionine incorporation into Ig was
      measured using immunoprecipitation, and Ig classes were determined by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with autoradiography. The patient B cells were
      able to produce only IgM in culture with either autologous or allogeneic T cells.
      Normal B cells produced IgM, G and A when cultured with normal T cells. T cells
      from two of the patients suppressed the Ig synthesis of normal B cells;
      irradiation of these T cells allowed them to provide T helper function. T cells
      from the third patient expressed normal T suppressor/helper activity. This
      implies that defective differentiation of B cells into IgG- and IgA-producing
      plasma cells may be a constant feature of immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM, and
      that excessive T suppressor activity is a variable accompanying abnormality.

PMID- 6446431
TI  - Suppression of pokeweed mitogen-induced differentiation of human B cells by in
      vitro levamisole-treated T lymphocytes.
AB  - The generation of immunoglobulin-producing cells from human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes in pokeweed mitogen-simulated cultures was significantly suppressed
      by levamisole. Greatest suppression was observed when cells were incubated with
      levamisole at a concentration of 10(-6) M for 20 min or more prior to culture.
      Such suppression occurred when untreated as well as levamisole-treated B cells
      were co-cultured only with levamisole-treated T cells. Adding of levamisole
      treated T cells to a combination of untreated autologous B and T cells resulted
      in the suppression of B cell differentiation. The results suggest that levamisole
      treatment of lymphocytes exerts suppression on pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell
      differentiation through its effect on T cell regulatory properties.

PMID- 6446432
TI  - Suppressor cell defect in SLE: relationship to native DNA binding.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests the presence of a suppressor T cell defect in systemic
      lupus erythematosus. We confirm the presence of such a defect and find a strong
      quantitative correlation between the loss of suppressor T cell function and the
      activity of SLE as measured by the presence of antibodies to native DNA. In
      addition, the serum of patients with active SLE contains a soluble factor which
      when incubated with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes induces a suppressor T
      cell defect. These data are consistent with the suppressor cell defect being
      involved in the propagation and possible the pathogenesis of SLE, and suggests a
      positive feedback mechanism whereby a suppressor cell defect results in
      autoantibodies including antibody to suppressor cells.

PMID- 6446433
TI  - Suppressor cell activity in viral and non-viral chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Suppressor cell function was studied in twenty-nine patients with chronic active
      hepatitis (CAH) in relation to possible aetiological causes and activity of liver
      disease. All fifteen patients with evidence of viral aetiology (ten HBsAg
      positive CAH and five non-A, non-B CAH) showed normal suppressor cell function
      independently of severity of liver damage. In contrast, fourteen patients with
      HBsAg-negative CAH, including four cases with circulating antibodies to the
      hepatitis B virus, demonstrated a significant reduction in supprpessor cell
      activity compared to control subjects. No significant difference was found in
      this group between cases with and without circulating autoantibodies. In four out
      of five HBsAg-negative patients tested serially suppressor cell defect correlated
      with disease activity suggesting an abnormality in the regulation rather than a
      depletion of suppressor cells. These results suggest that different mechanisms
      are responsible for autoimmunity to the liver in virus and non-virus-related CAH.

PMID- 6446434
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from methylisothiocyanate in soil disinfectants.
AB  - Observations on nine patients with occupational dermatitis from
      methylisothiocyanate (MITC) lead to the following conclusions: 1. MITC causes
      primarily a toxic dermatitis, but as a strong sensitizer it induces sensitization
      as well. 2. Cross reactions between MITC and benzylisothiocyanate, the active
      agent of Sulbentin antimycotics, were not seen. 3. In patient a MITC acid burn on
      one foot and leg caused systemic poisoning from absorption with reversible damage
      to the liver parenchyma.

PMID- 6446435
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to benzisothiazolone in a works analytical team.
AB  - In the quality control laboratory of a chemical firm, 11 of 16 men developed
      dermatitis. Of the allergenic substances used, seven men reacted to
      benzisothiazolone, two to dinitrochlorobenzene, and none to diphenylamine. Two
      men were negative to all three substances. A poorly ventilated humid working
      environment was thought to be an important contributory factor.

PMID- 6446436
TI  - Causes of chromate dermatitis in Poland.
AB  - A series of 250 consecutive patients with dermatitis and positive patch tests to
      chromate was divided into three groups: nonoccupational dermatitis (94),
      occupational dermatitis caused by chromate (132) and occupational dermatitis
      caused by allergens other than chromate (24). Only 17.2% of patients did not
      report harmful effects from chromium-tanned leather. Shoes were most often not
      tolerated. The role of matches in the development of chromate dermatitis is
      discussed. Observations on ash, household detergents, textiles, wood, tattooing,
      cement, galvanizing solutions, printer's ink, welding fumes, corrosion inhibitors
      and oils are described as causes of chromate dermatitis in Poland, as well as the
      localization of dermatitis and relevance of patch test reactions.

PMID- 6446437
TI  - Trivalent chromium plating.

PMID- 6446438
TI  - Contact dermatitis to 1-H benzotriazole.

PMID- 6446439
TI  - Occupational dermatitis from celeriac.

PMID- 6446440
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from metallic mercury.

PMID- 6446441
TI  - Occupational depigmentation due to a hydroquinone-containing photographic
      developer.

PMID- 6446442
TI  - A randomized, single blind comparative trial of norethindrone enanthate and depo
      medroxyprogesterone acetate in Bangladesh.
AB  - A randomized, single blind comparative trial of norethindrone enanthate (NET-ENT)
      and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was conducted in the Model Clinic,
      Decca, Bangladesh, to determine if there were differences in reported side
      effects, reasons for discontinuation and discontinuation rates of these two
      injectables. On all follow-up visits the proportion of women reporting no
      bleeding (amenorrhea) was higher for the DMPA clients compared to the NET-ENT
      clients. Concurrent with these findings, the proportion of women reporting
      irregular bleeding was consistently higher for the NET-ENT clients. Concurrent
      with these findings, the proportion of women reporting irregular bleeding was
      consistently higher for the NET-ENT clients compared to those receiving DMPA. By
      the fourth injection, less than 15% of the clients in both drug groups still
      reported having regular cyclic bleeding (4 of the 26 DMPA clients and 4 of the 28
      NET-ENT clients). Five of the 133 women on DMPA and 6 of the 106 women on NET-ENT
      became pregnant while using the injectables. At the end of one year of follow-up,
      14 of the 133 DMPA and 14 of the 106 NET-ENT clients were still continuing (came
      back for a fifth injection).

PMID- 6446443
TI  - Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum lipids, protein, glucose
      tolerance and liver function in Thai women.
AB  - Proteins (total, albumin, globulin and their subfractions), carbohydrate
      (intravenous glucose tolerance test), lipids (serum cholesterol, triglycerides
      and phospholipids), and liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, lactic
      dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum,
      bromsulphathalein retention test and serum bilirubin) were studied in 12 non
      lactating healthy Thai subjects before, and subsequently at 3 weeks and 3, 6, 9
      and 12 months after the initiation of treatment with injectable
      medroxyprogesterone acetate (150 mg I.M. every 90 days). Serum protein and lipid
      levels, and the results of liver function and I.V. glucose tolerance tests,
      remained unchanged in all subjects throughout the one-year study period. However,
      a significant and persistent increased insulin level was noted in all subjects,
      after initiation of the hormone treatment, during the first thirty minutes of
      intravenous glucose load. It is concluded that injectable medroxyprogesterone
      acetate used as a contraceptive agent does not interfere with glucose tolerance,
      lipid and protein metabolism, and that the liver function remains normal during
      its administration.

PMID- 6446444
TI  - Soluble immune complexes in human disease.
AB  - The great variety in biochemical properties of immune complexes occurring in
      human and animal disease states has made the detection of such complexes a
      difficult task. Variability in immune complex size, specificity, and interaction
      with humoral or cellular receptor systems, such as complement and phagocytes,
      suggests different pathogenic properties. The introduction of radioimmunoassays
      and the recently improved knowledge of the immune complex-receptor interactions
      have lead to the description of a large number of detection procedures, which in
      turn has widened the catalogue of diseases associated with immune complexes. This
      widespread occurrence of soluble immune complexes has lead many investigators to
      think that such complexes may occur either as a transient physiological
      phenomenon, important for fast clearance of the antigen, or as primary pathogenic
      factors triggering inflammatory reactions. Among the 50 procedures for immune
      complex detection known today, the article will select some pertinent tests,
      which will be discussed with respect to their specificity, sensitivity, and
      reproducibility. Furthermore, it is well known that when applied to the study of
      a patient group with one particular immune complex disease, various tests will
      result in different percentages of patients having complexes. This observation is
      due to differences in the underlying principle on which the various tests are
      based. Thus immune complexes must be further characterized with respect to their
      size, to the antibody class or specificity involved and, most difficult, to the
      antigenic specificity which participates in the complex. Recent advances in such
      experimental characterization of immune complexes in vitro and in the clinical
      evaluation of patients with complement activation associated to the presence of
      immune complexes will be discussed.

PMID- 6446445
TI  - Medicines of choice in low back pain.
AB  - The marketed formulations of 6 analgesic preparations were compared in the
      treatment of patients suffering from acute exacerbations of low back pain using a
      crossover trial of balanced incomplete block design. Sixty out-patients with
      symptoms resulting from a mechanical or degenerative condition were each
      prescribed 3 drugs which were administered consecutively for 1 week each. The
      medications (and daily dosages) were coded as A --aspirin (3600 mg), B -
      dextropropoxyphene plus paracetamol (260 mg plus 2600 mg), C --indomethacin (150
      mg), D --mefenamic acid (1500 mg), E --paracetamol (4000 mg), and F -
      phenylbutazone (300 mg). Daily pain scores were significantly lower (p less than
      0.05) during treatment D than during treatments E and B, and significantly lower
      (p less than 0.05) during treatment A than during treatment B. There were large
      and significant differences between treatments in the percentages of recommended
      doses acceptable to the patients and in the number of defaults from the
      prescribed regimens. The patients chose F and D significantly more (p less than
      0.05) often than A. Overall, there were consistently superior performances by
      mefenamic acid and phenylbutazone with little to choose between the two.

PMID- 6446446
TI  - A comparison of low dosage trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with oxytetracycline in
      acne vulgaris.
AB  - It has been well documented that acne vulgaris usually responds well to long-term
      systemic tetracycline therapy. However, not all patients respond satisfactorily
      due to drug intolerance, adverse side effects such as fixed drug eruptions,
      moniliasis, photosensitivity, and gastric irritation. A double-blind study
      comparing trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with oxytetracycline in the management of
      acne vulgaris has demonstrated that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is an equally
      effective and as safe therapeutic agent as oxytetracycline. The results of this
      study are shown to confirm the works of other authors.

PMID- 6446447
TI  - Flow cytogenetics of uncloned and cloned Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Flow cytometry has greatly facilitated the routine use of DNA content as a
      cellular indicator of the stages of the cell cycle and ploidy. DNA content can
      also be used to distinguish individual chromosomes. Fluorescent staining of
      chromosome DNA was done with a combination of ethidium bromide and mithramycin in
      hypotonic solution. Subsequent detergent treatment of the cells with Triton X-100
      facilitated chromosome isolation. DNA flow cytometry of chromosomes of four
      established uncloned Chinese master cell lines showed 10 to 12 major
      subpopulations of chromosomes with varying degrees of overlap in the range of low
      and intermediate DNA content. Cloning of B14F28 cells, the line with the largest
      heterogeneity in chromosome number and DNA content, considerably reduced the
      dispersion in chromosome number and improved the resolution of DNA content
      distributions. Thus, cloned cells with a relatively homogeneous karyotype permit
      better discrimination of chromosome subpopulations by DNA content than uncloned
      cells and provide a more sensitive system to study mutagenic effects.

PMID- 6446448
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in vitro to 23 antimicrobial agents.
AB  - 589 isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including 127 isolates of Bacterioides
      fracilis, were tested against 23 antimicrobial agents. At their usually
      achievable serum levels, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin and
      piperacillin; cefoxitin, minocycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, chloramphenicol
      and rifampin were effective against more than 80% of B. fragilis isolates. At
      usual therapeutic doses, penicillin (PEN), ampicillin (AMP), cyclacillin (CYC),
      cephalothin (CT), cefazolin (CZ), cephradine (CPD), cefamandole (CMD), cefaclor
      (CCL), cefuroxime (CRX), spectinomycin (SPT), tetracycline (TET), ethambutol
      (EMB) and isoniazid (INH) were ineffective against B. Fragilis. However, high and
      clinically tolerated doses of PEN, CMD and SPT inhibited more than 80% of B.
      fragilis isolates, but AMP, CYC, CT, CZ, CPD, CCL and CRX, TET, EMB and INH
      remained totally ineffective against B. fragilis. The therapeutic merits of these
      antibiotics are discussed.

PMID- 6446449
TI  - Clinical evaluation of piperacillin.
AB  - 28 patients with aerobic (7), anaerobic (7), and mixed (14) infections were
      treated with intravenous piperacillin for an average duration of 14 days. All
      bacterial isolates tested in this study were susceptible to piperacillin less
      than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml. 27 patients were treated with 20 g of
      piperacillin/day in four divided doses. 1 patient with renal failure received
      only 8 g/day. 26 patients were treated with piperacillin and two with
      Staphylococcus aureus infection received gentamicin in addition. The peak serum
      levels were 266 micrograms/ml at 1 h and the trough 16 micrograms/ml at 5 h. In
      all, 26 patients (93%) were 'cured', one had 'recurrence', and one 'failed'.
      Adverse effects were pruitus in two patients, transient elevation of LDH in one,
      and transient eosinophilia in another. In our preliminary study, piperacillin was
      found to be safe and effective in the treatment of clinical infections.

PMID- 6446450
TI  - [Closure of abdominal wall defects without tension using a carbon cloth implant
      (author's transl)].
AB  - On 20 rabbits a defect in the abdominal wall was closed by a carbon cloth
      (SIGRATEX KDS). A tensile force test and a histological examination was
      performed. Eleven days and 3 months after implantation, 10 animals with an
      operative-produced abdominal wall hernia and 10 normal animals were controls. A
      tensile force test on the specimen 3 months after implantation revealed a
      strength twice as high as on the normal abdominal wall. Eleven days after surgery
      the strength was equal to the scar tissue of the hernias. Histologically, a
      connective tissue ingrowth into the implant was observed, which enveloped the
      single carbon fibers. Collagen fibers in the direction of the carbon filaments
      were present. Foreign body giant cells were always seen. These results indicate
      that a carbon cloth seems to be suitable for the repair of abdominal wall
      hernias.

PMID- 6446451
TI  - [Pentose phosphate biosynthesis in cardiac muscle (source of erythrose-4
      phosphate formation)].

PMID- 6446452
TI  - Psoriasis: utilising the treatment options.
AB  - Psoriasis varies so much in severity and clinical pattern that there is no 'best'
      treatment. Topical treatment with dithranol, tar or wisely used corticosteroids
      is preferable to systemic treatment, except in severe forms of psoriasis where
      systemic corticosteroids or antimitotic drugs, especially methotrexate, may be
      necessary. Photochemotherapy with PUVA has come to stay and can certainly be used
      as first-line treatment in those with extensive plaque psoriasis who are over 60
      years of age. Its role in treating younger patients is still being asssssed,
      particularly with regard to possible long term side effects, but it is likely
      that eventually its use will be extended.

PMID- 6446453
TI  - A comparison of two developmental scales in evaluating infants with Down
      syndrome.
AB  - 35 sets of developmental scores were obtained on Down syndrome children by
      administering the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale and the Bayley Scales of
      Infant Development in one testing session. The mean age at testing was 14.3
      months, with a range of 3-30 months. The developmental scores of the two tests
      were similar for the 3-7 month-olds, but became significantly different for the 8
      30-month-olds, the Griffiths scores being consistently higher. In addition, the
      Griffiths scores provided more detailed profiles of the developmental status of
      children with Down syndrome.

PMID- 6446454
TI  - Spontaneous nocturnal plasma prolactin and growth hormone secretion in patients
      with Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea.
AB  - Plasma prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured in 8 patients
      with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in 6 patients with Huntington's chorea (HC)
      during the night. The sleep was evaluated with all-night poligraphic recordings.
      Plasma PRL levels were significantly lower in parkinsonian patients than in age
      matched controls. Plasma GH values did not differ between the two groups. In HC
      patients no statistically significant differences were found in the PRL and GH
      secretory patterns when compared to the age-matched control subjects. These data
      indicate that changes of nocturnal PRL and GH profile in PD and HC patients in
      respect to age-matched healthy subjects, may be present, but a straight forward
      differentiation among groups is not possible because of the wide individual
      variations.

PMID- 6446455
TI  - Combined effects of methotrexate and 5-fluoropyrimidine on human breast cancer
      cells in serum-free culture.

PMID- 6446456
TI  - Lymphotropic accumulation of an antitumor antibiotic protein, neocarzinostatin.

PMID- 6446457
TI  - Effect of ageing on concentration of estradiol in serum and the epidermal G2
      chalone in vaginal mucosa of rats.

PMID- 6446458
TI  - The effect of exercise on myocardial interstitium. An ultrastructural
      morphometric study.

PMID- 6446459
TI  - [Effect of the total flavonoid preparations from clover species on the
      development of experimental hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 6446460
TI  - Amino acid replacement in dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-reactive proteins from mutant
      strains of Escherichia coli defective in the energy-transducing ATPase complex.

PMID- 6446461
TI  - Determination of diffusion coefficients and molecular weights of partially
      dissociated F1-ATPase from yeast by gel filtration coupled to laser light
      scattering spectroscopy.

PMID- 6446462
TI  - Amino acid incorporation by isolated rat liver mitochondria into two protein
      components of mitochondrial ATPase complex. Lack of incorporation into
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding proteolipid.

PMID- 6446463
TI  - [Effect of increased functional activity on the contractile function of skeletal
      muscle].
AB  - The adaptation of rats to the exercise program the intensity of which
      corresponded to metabolic power output of 190% VO2max, did not produce any
      significant changes in Mg2+ and Ca2+ activated ATPase activity in the different
      types of skeletal muscle fibers. The increase in the cross-sectional area of
      glycolytic muscle fibers was due to the hypertrophy of all cellular structures,
      especially the srcoplasmic reticulum. The sytochrome aa3 concentration increased
      by 23%. The submaximal exercise program (130% VO2max) elicited a significant
      elevation of Mg2+ activated actomyosin ATPase activity in the oxydative
      glycolytic muscles and a decrease of the latter enzyme activity in glycolytic
      muscles. The endurance exercise (70% VO2max) caused a small decrease in Mg2+
      activated actomyosin ATPase activity in the oxydative-glycolytic muscles and an
      increase in the oxydative ones. The character of the adaptive response of the
      actomyosin ATPase in different types of skeletal muscle fibers depends on the
      intensity and duration of the running program.

PMID- 6446464
TI  - [Coding of the degree of local muscle deformation by passive spindle receptors].
AB  - Acute experiments in cats with local stimulations of muscle in the vicinity of
      spindle showed different grades of decrease in the receptors firing rate
      depending on the spatial correlation among actibe and inactive portions of the
      muscle. The same effect occurred in the intensive contraction of an adjacent
      synergic muscle. Participation of passive and alpha-gamma-coactivated spindles in
      the mechanism aiding to describing mosaics of excited and non-excited portions of
      the muscle in the c. n. s., is discussed.

PMID- 6446465
TI  - Richner-Hanhart syndrome and tyrosinemia type II.
AB  - A patient already published a case of Richner-Hanhart syndrome (RHS) (stabilized
      corneal lesions and hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles) proved to be
      associated with tyrosinemia type II. 2 other cases (sister and brother) with only
      typical dermatologic features of RHS and tyrosinemia type II are described. The
      treatment with a low phenylalanine and tyrosine diet improves the cutaneous
      lesions in our 3 cases.

PMID- 6446466
TI  - Treatment of hirsutism, acne and alopecia with cyproterone acetate.
AB  - Cyproterone acetate, combined with ethinyl estradiol, was administered to 60
      women (mean age: 25 years) suffering from hirsutism, acne and alopecia for 3--39
      months. The rate of success was 94% for acne, 85% for hirsutism and 55% for
      alopecia. These results are comparable to those already reported. No correlation
      was found between the degree of the disease or plasma levels of testosterone,
      androstenedione, respectively urinary 17-cetosteroids, and the effectiveness of
      the treatment. Side effects were rare and identical in frequency and nature to
      those encountered during treatment with estrogen-containing contraceptives.

PMID- 6446467
TI  - Light chains of myosin from diaphragm of rabbit embryos and adult rabbits.

PMID- 6446468
TI  - A compilation of amino acid analyses of proteins--XV. Residues per molecule--12.

PMID- 6446469
TI  - Effects of Mg2+, Na+ and K+ on the F1-ATPase of mitochondria of Vigna sinensis
      (L.) cv. serido.

PMID- 6446470
TI  - Stress and handicap.

PMID- 6446471
TI  - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita due to congenital myasthenia.
AB  - Decreased fetal movements may cause arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Several
      distinct neuromuscular disorders may cause this syndrome, but congenital
      myasthenia has not previously been considered to be a possible cause. The authors
      report a case of congenital myasthenia gravis leading to arthrogryposis
      congenita.

PMID- 6446472
TI  - Life stress, illness and social supports.
AB  - Stress has been shown to lower resistance to disease and thus to have a
      significant effect on susceptibility to a variety of physical and psychological
      illnesses. A correlation has also been established between the degree of social
      stress and an individual's use of medical services. However, the majority of
      people do not respond to stress in these ways. Social supports (e.g. a caring
      family) seem to be an important protective factor against the effects of stress.
      Other mtethods of protection (meditation, relaxation response or learning
      specific coping skills) are also important, but have been little studied. Given
      their importance in preventive medicine, the author suggests that social support
      systems should pay an increasing part in health services.

PMID- 6446473
TI  - Noise: past, present and future.

PMID- 6446474
TI  - Studies on hand-held visual communication device for the deaf and speech-impaired
      I. Visual display window size.
AB  - Messages were presented which moved from right to left along an electronic
      alphabetic display which was varied in "window" size from 4 through 32 letter
      spaces. Deaf subjects signed the messages they perceived. Relatively few errors
      were made even at the highest rate of presentation, which corresponded to a
      typing rate of 60 words/min. It is concluded that many deaf persons can make
      effective use of a small visual display. A reduced cost is then possible for
      visual communication instruments for these people through reduced display size.
      Deaf subjects who can profit from a small display can be located by a sentence
      test administered by tape recorder which drives the display of the communication
      device by means of the standard code of the deaf teletype network.

PMID- 6446475
TI  - Studies on hand-held visual communication device for the deaf and speech-impaired
      2. Keyboard design.
AB  - Experiments with keyboard arrangements of letters show that simple alphabetic
      letter-key sequences with 4 to 5 letters in a row lead to most rapid visual
      search performance. Such arrangements can be used on keyboards operated by the
      index finger of one hand. Arrangement of letters in words offers a promising
      alternative because these arrangements can be readily memorized and can result in
      small interletter distances on the keyboard for frequently occurring letter
      sequences. Experiments on operation of keyboards show that a space or shift key
      operated by the left hand (which also holds the communication device) results in
      faster keyboard operation than when space or shift keys on the front of the
      keyboard (operated by right hand) are used. Special problems of the deaf-blind
      are discussed. Keyboard arrangements are investigated, and matching tactual codes
      are suggested.

PMID- 6446476
TI  - Renal glucosyltransferase activity in highly-inbred spontaneously diabetic
      Chinese hamsters.
AB  - A modified glucosyltransferase assay using degraded gelatin as acceptors was
      found to be enzyme concentration- and time-dependent in the Chinese hamster
      kidney extracts. In 54 Chinese hamsters selected from 7 highly inbred sublines
      with or without spontaneous glycosuria, the glucosyltransferase activity (0.78
      3.25 unit/g) in the kidney was found to be significantly correlated (P = 0.0002)
      to blood sugar concentrations (60-475 mg/dl). However, subline-dependent
      variation in glycosyltransferase activity was also evident and, in animals from 2
      of the 5 diabetic sublines, similar activity of glucosyltransferase was found in
      their kidneys as in those of nondiabetic animals. It was concluded that renal
      glucosyltransferase activity was affected by blood sugar level as well as by
      genetically determined factor(s).

PMID- 6446477
TI  - The timing of fetal B cell hyperplasia in diabetic rat pregnancy.
AB  - Fetal pancreatic development was measured in terms of total organ DNA and insulin
      concentration (ng/migrogram DNA) in the offspring of rats made mildly diabetic by
      intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg) on the first and second day
      of life. On day 20 the mean pancreatic insulin concentration of fetuses of
      diabetic mothers was significantly higher than that of controls (27.8 versus 20.8
      ng/microgram DNA) but no significant difference was observed on day 18 (4.47
      versus 4.68 ng/microgram DNA), day 16 (0.64 versus 0.77 ng/microgram DNA) or day
      14 (0.04 versus 0.03 ng/microgram DNA). No significant difference in total
      pancreatic DNA was observed between test and control animals on day 14, 16, 18 or
      20 of gestation. It is concluded that maternal streptozotocin diabetes alters the
      development of the differentiated fetal B cell (20 days) but has no effect on the
      protodifferentiated B cell (14 days), or during the period of secondary
      transition (16-18 days).

PMID- 6446478
TI  - Directionality and nonreciprocality of Chi-stimulated recombination in phage
      lambda.
AB  - Chi's are genetic elements that stimulate generalized recombination in their
      locale in phage lambda. All Chi's wherever located on lambda's chromosome, act
      asymmetrically in crosses blocked in DNA replication: (1) They stimulate exchange
      primarily to their left on the conventional lambda map, and (2) the stimulated
      exchange is frequently nonreciprocal, the recombinant carrying the Chi element
      being produced less often than the complementary product.

PMID- 6446479
TI  - [Methods of determining protective sanitary zones in connection with the use of
      pesticides in cotton growing].

PMID- 6446480
TI  - [Sanitary and hygienic measures for protecting the environment from lead
      pollution].

PMID- 6446481
TI  - [Health status of children with speech disorders who attend special kindergartens
      and groups].

PMID- 6446482
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of the production factors in cotton growing].

PMID- 6446483
TI  - [Individual characteristics of higher nervous activity and success in job
      training as a computer operator].

PMID- 6446484
TI  - [Effect of atmospheric pollutants on the incidence of diseases of an allergic
      nature in children].

PMID- 6446485
TI  - [Analysis of 1,000 sterile couples].

PMID- 6446486
TI  - [Physiological and ergonomic characteristics of the work of women engaged in
      lathe operations in machine shops].

PMID- 6446487
TI  - [Clinical aspects of occupational poisoning with aliphatic amines].

PMID- 6446488
TI  - [Drug allergy among pharmacy workers].

PMID- 6446489
TI  - [Bakhiia Atchabarovich Atchabarov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 6446490
TI  - [System of premises for evaluating and rationalizing work and rest regimens in
      the chemical industry].

PMID- 6446491
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hematoma of the upper segment of the vagina].

PMID- 6446492
TI  - [Present state and the ways of the development of pulmonology].

PMID- 6446493
TI  - The respiratory diaphragm and the gastroesophageal hiatus: anatomo-radiological
      considerations.
AB  - The radiological anatomy of the respiratory diaphragm is defined and its
      relationship with the contents of the thoracic and the abdominal cavity is
      reviewed with particular attention to the anatomo-topographic position of the
      gastroesophageal hiatus.

PMID- 6446494
TI  - [The value of computer tomography in the staging of primary lymph node neoplasms
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Staging was undertaken in 118 patients with primary lymph node neoplasms; the
      sensitivity of computer tomography in the paraaortic region was 80%, that of
      lymphography 89%. Specificity of computer tomography was 93%, of lymphography
      95%. In the iliac region, sensitivity was 81% (CT) and 90% (lymphography), and
      specificity was 90% (CT) and 97% (Lymphography). The value of computer tomography
      should, however, be stressed, since it can demonstrate lymph nodes not shown by
      lymphography, including those in the mediastinum, as well as lesions in the
      spleen, liver and lungs.

PMID- 6446495
TI  - [Computer tomography in the investigation of the suprarenal gland (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of pathological processes in the suprarenal
      were evaluated in 55 patients; consideration is given to individual normal
      variations and to various sources of error. It is concluded that adrenal computer
      tomography is the primary radiological means of diagnosis, particularly for
      diseases which deform the contours of the glands. Usually angiography is
      unnecessary. The structure and density of various adrenal masses, and their
      behaviour after intravenous contrast, usually provide a fairly accurate
      diagnosis. Nevertheless, exact evaluation of the findings can only be made in the
      clinical context and decisions regarding treatment should be the result of an
      interdisciplinary approach.

PMID- 6446496
TI  - [Indications for the computer tomographic investigation of the suprarenal gland
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The introduction of the third and fourth generation of CT scanners (scan times of
      1 to 20 seconds) has brought about a change in the choice of methods for
      investigating suspected suprarenal disease. The excellent spacial resolution of
      CT scans permits accurate evaluation of minor changes in the gland. As a result,
      it is often possible to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures. The typical
      pathological findings, which can be seen on computer tomograms, are demonstrated
      and discussed, beginning with the most important abnormalities of the
      suprarenals. The value of contrast enhancement in various conditions was
      investigated. Computer tomography is now the most important means of diagnosing
      suspected suprarenal gland disease, both with regard to specificity and accuracy.
      Ultrasound is useful as a survey method, whereas angiography is being displaced
      as a result.

PMID- 6446497
TI  - Applications of specific vascular opacification in CT of the upper abdomen.
AB  - Selective visualization of the arterial and venous structures by CT slices during
      the early vascular phase after a bolus injection has proven to be a great value
      in resolving the problems of false images, created by incorporation of these
      vascular structures in the silhouettes of abdominal organs. This constitutes an
      important advance in the study and differentiation of pseudopancreas pathology,
      pseudolacunar images in the hapatic parenchyma and in the study of the porta
      hepatis.

PMID- 6446498
TI  - [Computer tomography in the investigation of renal trauma (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients with blunt renal injuries (Hodges grade I and II), and two further
      patients with spontaneous renal and/or retroperitoneal hemorrhage, were studied
      with excretory urography, isotope scanning, ultrasound, angiography, and
      computerized tomography. The most important additional information provided by
      the CT scan was the disclosure of small parenchymal lacerations, as well as the
      presence and extent of perirenal hematomas. These abnormalities could also be
      monitored with CT studies during the healing phases. Renal excursion studies
      during breathing and the usual tomography seem to be no longer necessary in renal
      trauma cases if one plans to utilize CT scanning. Likewise, the necessity for
      angiographic studies decreases. Ultrasound, however, may still be helpful in
      certain cases of perirenal hematoma.

PMID- 6446499
TI  - [The value and limitations of sonography and angiography in the investigation of
      renal masses (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic value of ultrasound and angiography is compared in 80 renal
      masses. Whereas the overall accuracy is approximately the same (95%), there are
      inherent limitations to both methods. As to sonography, the limiting factors
      consist of size, complex echopattern and lack of tissue distinction. Angiography,
      on the other hand, has its limitations in hypovascular tumors as well as in
      benign lesions simulating malignancy (abscess, hamartoma).

PMID- 6446500
TI  - [Changes in the arteries in the hand and fingers due to vinyl chloride exposure
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of angiography of the hand in workers in the vinyl chloride industry
      are described. Amongst 93 patients, there were 19 on whom angiograms of the hand
      were performed because of Raynaud-like changes, pain or other pathological
      findings. All patients examined by angiography showed abnormalities in the
      vessels in the hands and fingers of varying severity. Vascular occlusions (17
      patients), stenoses (9 patients) and thread-like narrowing of the digital
      arteries (6 patients) with the development of a collateral circulation, were
      prominent findings. In addition there was elongation and tortuosity of the
      digital arteries (14 patients) which were regarded as cirsoid aneurysms. The
      angiographic findings have been correlated with the known histological changes.

PMID- 6446501
TI  - [The diagnostic value of pharmacoangiography in tumourous and inflammatory
      diseases of bones and soft tissues (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of pharmaco-angiography (Priscol, angiotensin) in the diagnosis of
      tumourous and inflammatory diseases in bones and soft tissues was investigated in
      81 patients. Priscol was used in 49 patients, angiotensin in 28 and both
      substances in four. It was shown that neither Priscol nor angiotensin produced
      results of diagnostic value, provided an optimal technique was used (antegrade,
      selective contrast injection with an adequate volume of contrast and in the
      absence of vascular spasm). Priscol was of value for reducing or preventing spasm
      in peripheral vessels. Angiotensin is superior to Priscol in demonstrating the
      angiographic criteria, but pharmaco-angiography did not result in a better
      distinction between tumours and inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 6446502
TI  - [Transcatheter hypogastric embolization in life-threatening bladder hemorrages:
      immediate and long-term results (author's transl)].
AB  - Transcatheter embolization of the hypogastric arteries has become a more and more
      largely used therapeutic approach in mastering unrestrainable hemorrages in
      bladder cancer patients. In this paper the Authors report their experience with
      this method based on 9 cases, which could be followed for 1 year or until
      patient's death. The immediate and long-term results are presented and discussed.
      The Authors conclude that transcatheter hypogastric embolization is the best non
      invasive method to handle neoplastic pelvic hemorrages.

PMID- 6446503
TI  - [Early experience with a large format image intensifier for thoracic, abdominal
      and peripheral angiography (author's transl)].
AB  - By the use of a 36 cm image intensifier, its position under the table top and its
      great focus-image intensifier distance radiation geometric conditions were
      produced which are identical with the full-size film technique. With this
      equipment angiographic examinations of the thorax, abdomen as well as extremities
      were possible with the help of indirect fluorography, In accordance with
      examinations at anatomical models it turned out that the detail perception of the
      image intensifier-series fluorography was almost comparable to conventional full
      size film technique. Aside from the lower radiation dose and the shorter exposure
      time indirect fluorography offered additional advantages: By means of the
      fluoroscopic control of the contrast medium and the fluoroscopically controlled
      exposure a reduction of the methodical procedure was possible with regard to
      numbers of exposures and series just as saving of time for the complete
      examination. The evaluation and clinical demonstration of the 100 mm films were
      critically tested in the daily routine work.

PMID- 6446504
TI  - [Jejuno-jejunal intussusception in pregnancy with diagnostic plain film].

PMID- 6446505
TI  - [Spurious aneurysm of the hepatic artery in the lumen of the gallbladder with
      hemobilia. Sonographic, angiographic, and pathological-anatomical findings].

PMID- 6446506
TI  - [Diagnostic value of abdominal plain films in acute pancreatitis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Duodenal distension is in connection with corresponding clinical symptoms--the
      pathognomonic symptom of acute pancreatitis, provided that the film is taken in
      left lateral decubitus position. In 90% of 192 cases of acute pancreatitis,
      proven by surgery or high amylase concentration, duodenal distension was
      diagnosed on the film taken in left lateral decubitus position. If there is the
      temptative diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and no duodenal distension is
      demonstrable, this may result from a fluidfilled stomach without air after
      vomiting or a stomach tube, through which the air may escape. In these cases we
      give an effervescent powder to demonstrate duodenal distension. The combination
      of duodenal atony and distension of the small or large bowel is found very often
      as a sign of spread pancreatic enzymes along definite anatomic planes in the
      abdomen like transverse mesocolon and small bowel mesentery. The abdominal plain
      film taken in supine and left lateral decubitus position gives many important
      informations solving differential diagnostic problems concerning processes in the
      upper abdomen and determines further diagnostic and therapeutic proceedings
      considerably.

PMID- 6446507
TI  - [Pseudo caput Medusae as a consequence of postraumatic thrombosis of the
      hypogastric vein].

PMID- 6446508
TI  - [Combination of a rare aortic arch malformation (cervical aortic arch) with
      arteria lusoria].

PMID- 6446510
TI  - [Another unusual X-ray finding in the intensive care unit].

PMID- 6446509
TI  - [Scintigraphy using 111In-labelled thrombocytes: is it a sensitive procedure as a
      probe of intracranial vascular processes?].

PMID- 6446511
TI  - [Intrauterine demonstration of female sex using ultrasound].

PMID- 6446512
TI  - [The importance of oblique pictures for the correct X-ray diagnosis of the
      cervical spine in the case of a neurinoma].

PMID- 6446513
TI  - [Glucosamine: its value for the metabolism of articular cartilage. 1.
      Biochemistry of proteoglycans, studies on in-vitro cultures of embryonal mouse
      fibroblasts and bone germs].
AB  - Mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycanes) are essential constituents of the
      cartilage (chondroitin sulfate) and the synovial fluid (hyaluronic acid). They
      are formed within the chondrocyte preferably from glucosamine or from glucose and
      bound to protein constituting proteoglycanes. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs and corticosteroids inhibit this synthesis. Primary fibroblast cultures and
      in vitro cultured mouse embryo tibiae show a dose-dependent increased synthesis
      of mucopolysaccharides and an enhanced growth of the bones after addition of
      glucosamine to the culture medium. This finding underlines the importance of a
      sufficient supply of the joints with glucosamine.

PMID- 6446514
TI  - [Immunological concepts of the etiology of EPH-gestosis].
AB  - Immunofluorescent findings are revealing EPH-gestosis as an immunological disease
      similar to graft rejection. Deposits of immunoglobulins, complement, and
      fibrinogen/fibrin are localized in the glomerular capillaries, mesangium of the
      kidney and in the decidual arteries resembling findings in transplanted organs
      with signs of rejection. Fibrinoid changes of the villous stroma are found in
      greater amounts in placentae after gestosis revealing a more lively humoral
      reaction of the immune system. By mixed lymphocyte culture a cellular
      hyperreactivity of the mother against her fetus can be demonstrated. In
      conclusion, gestosis is a disease of humoral and cellular hyperreactivity finally
      resulting in the well-known peripheral symptoms edema, hypertension, and
      proteinuria. Early diagnosis followed by an effective therapy is desirable in
      preventing these secondary effects.

PMID- 6446515
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy. 1. Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 6446516
TI  - Streptozotocin-induced liver damage in mice.
AB  - Diabetes incidence and liver damage was studied and identified in C3H-s mice 21
      days after Streptozotocin (SZ) administration (250 mg/kg/i.v.) at 04 hs (4 a.m.)
      and 16 hs (4 p.m.). Metabolic disturbances were assessed by daily control of
      glycosuria and serum glucose determined at the end of the experiment. Liver
      damage was controlled by light and electron microscopy. Both effects showed a
      circadian variation, with significant greatest values in the 16-h-injected group.
      Liver damage appeared whether the animals became diabetic or not, consisting in
      degranulation of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial swelling
      with loss of cristae and edema of the ground substance, with flocculent amorphous
      precipitate. In some hepatocytes, a dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic
      reticulum was seen. It was concluded that: a) beta-cell and hepatocytes have a
      synchronic circadian sensitivity to SZ; b) liver damage was present whether the
      animals became diabetic or not, suggesting the presence of a different threshold
      for SZ effect in hepatocytes. These results might be taken into account when
      planning SZ use, either for experimental or clinical purposes.

PMID- 6446518
TI  - Controlling risks in patient transfers.

PMID- 6446517
TI  - Hormonal and clinical responses to prednisone treatment in adolescents with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - The effects of prednisone therapy and the withdrawal of prednisone for 3 days on
      hormonal relationships was investigated in 6 adolescent patients, age 10--19
      years with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
      Prednisone continuously suppressed adrenal release of 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in 4 patients and adequately controlled 17
      oxosteroid (17-OS) excretion in 5. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS)
      concentrations were not elevated during or 3 days after withdrawal of medication.
      Growth hormone (GH) secretion was not suppressed by prednisone. Withdrawal of
      treatment was associated with a decrease in the follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) to luteinizing hormone (LH) ratio in 5 patients and a rise in serum
      testosterone in 4. The clinical courses of these patients emphasize the
      difficulty in achieving optimum control.

PMID- 6446519
TI  - The effect of caffeine posttreatment on X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in
      human blood lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - The potentiating effect of caffeine on X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in
      human blood lymphocytes has been investigated, with special reference to cell
      cycle stages (G0 and G2). Both quantitative and qualitative differences in the
      yield of chromosomal aberrations were detected in caffeine-posttreated cells,
      depending on the cell stage irradiated. The studies on caffeine potentiating
      effects on X-irradiated G0 lymphocytes from normal adults, newborns, Down
      syndrome patients, and an ataxia telangiectasia patient pointed to
      interindividual variations in the response to caffeine potentiation among normal
      probands and a very profound effect in ataxia cells.

PMID- 6446520
TI  - Down's syndrome in Wallonia (South Belgium), 1971-1978: cytogenetics and
      incidence.
AB  - During the 8 year-period 1971-1978 inclusive, 268 newborn with Down's syndrome
      (DS) were ascertained in Wallonia (South Belgium). The chromosomes of all
      patients were analyzed. A standard trisomy 21 was observed in 259 cases (96.6%)
      and translocations in seven (2.6%). One mosaic (0.4%) and one case with a
      47,XX,+21,5 p-karyotype (0.4%) were also found. The overall incidence at birth
      for the 8 year-period was of 0.123%. However, the comparison of the 2 four-year
      periods 1971-1974 and 1975-1978 showed an increased incidence in mothers below 35
      during the second period, reaching a statistical significant level in Charleroi,
      and industrial and densely populated area of the region (Fisher's exact test: P =
      0.016 less than 0.025). Young women have now become the principal source of DS
      patients in Wallonia. This change from the previous pattern happened abruptly in
      1975, and strongly suggests that one or more persisting factors relating to
      meiotic non-disjunction of chromosome 21 are operating in this region since 1974,
      and affecting DS births from 1975 onwards.

PMID- 6446521
TI  - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) typing of blood stains.

PMID- 6446522
TI  - Review of the role of the central serotonergic neuronal system in blood pressure
      regulation.
AB  - Alterations in the dynamics of brain serotonin biosynthesis can lead to changes
      in cardiovascular function. It appears that the activation of cerebral serotonin
      receptors produces a pressor effect in normotensive rats but produces a depressor
      effect in normotensive cats or dogs. On the other hand, reductions in the levels
      of serotonin can prevent the onset of hypertension in some experimental
      hypertensive models and lower the blood pressure of organisms with established
      hypertension. The ability of brain serotonin to modulate arterial blood pressure
      may be mediated by the influences of the serotonergic neuronal systems on
      efferent sympathetic activity. Finally, the reduction in sympathetic outflow
      produced by increasing brain serotonin levels in dogs protects the heart against
      ventricular fibrillation and may, therefore, constitute a reasonable adjunct in
      the management of high-risk, cardiac-arrest patients.

PMID- 6446523
TI  - Characteristics and effect of antiinflammatory drugs on adriamycin-induced
      inflammation in the mouse paw.
AB  - A subplantar injection of 5--100 micrograms adriamycin in the mouse hind paw
      produced a biphasic inflammatory response. The first phase peaked at 2 h while
      the second, more severe phase peaked at four to five days. The magnitude of
      inflammation was dose related. Administration of [EH]adriamycin revealed that 78%
      of the drug was lost from the paw within one day. The loss of the remaining drug
      followed a biphasic decay curve. The first-phase half-life was 1.2 days, and the
      second-phase half-life was 16.0 days. Vascular permeability, as measured by the
      leakage of intravenously administered [125I]albumin, was increased between day 4
      and day 8. Pathologically, the paw had mild edema and hemorrhage by 4 h after
      adriamycin injection. The most severe pathological response was seen at 5 days
      with diffuse inflammation characterized by edema of the dermis, cellular debris,
      and mononuclear inflammatory cells. By 10 days the inflammatory response was
      still present but the edema was milder. The antihistamine diphenhydramine, an H1
      blocker, inhibited the first phase of inflammation at the highest dose tested but
      had no effect on the second phase of inflammation. The antihistamine metiamide,
      an H2-blocker; the antiserotonin drug, p-chlorophenylalanine; and the
      antiinflammatory drugs, aspirin, hydrocortisone, and ibuprofen failed to
      antagonize adriamycin-induced inflammation at 2 h or 5 days after adriamycin
      injection. Indomethacin reduced the inflammation after 5 days but only at toxic
      dose levels.

PMID- 6446524
TI  - Evaluation of the immunocompetence of macrophages and the generation of T-cell
      mediated cytotoxic response against allogeneic tumor cells in tumor bearers.
AB  - The present study has examined the competence of peritoneal cells (PC) I of tumor
      bearers to reverse the immunosuppressive effect of tumor cells, and the ability
      of the tumor bearers to generate a T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response against
      allogeneic spleen cells or allogeneic tumor cells. It was found that PC from
      tumor bearers possess a greater ability to reverse the tumor cell
      immunosuppression in normal mice. In contrast to normal hosts, the cytotoxic
      responses of the tumor bearers against allogeneic tumor cells cannot be restored
      by PC from normal mice or from tumor bearers. The ineffective cytotoxic response
      in tumor bearers was not due to deficient T responders or T helpers. Rather, it
      was due to the presence of suppressor cells which were adherent, radioresistant
      and resistant to anti-Thy-1.2 antibody lysis, and thus were likely to be
      macrophages. The suppressor macrophages were present only in the spleen and were
      absent from the peritoneal cavity of the tumor bearers. Their suppressive effect
      can only be exerted in the presence of tumor cells. These results demonstrate the
      dichotomy of macrophage function, peritoneal macrophages from the tumor bearers
      showing increased activity of augmentation of T-cell-response whereas the splenic
      macrophages cause suppression of the T-cell-response.

PMID- 6446525
TI  - Enrichment of suppressor cell activity by hydrocortisone: suppression of in vitro
      activation of splenocytes from mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma.
AB  - Suppressor cells in spleens of mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL)
      suppressed the anti-tumor immune response in vivo but not in vitro. The
      hydrocortisone (HC)-resistant fraction of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice
      (TBM) was, on the other hand, suppressive in vitro, due to enrichment for HC
      resistant suppressor cells. This cellular fraction suppressed the tumor-induced
      differentiation of memory cells as well as the tumor-independent in vitro
      activation of TBM spleen cells. The in vitro lymphoproliferative response of TBM
      spleen cells to mitogens was also subjected to suppression: these cells showed a
      lower response to a mitogen such as Concanavalin A (Con A) and were capable of
      suppressing the response of normal spleen cells to this mitogen. HC treatment of
      TBM 2 days prior to spleen harvest enriched the splenic population for suppressor
      cells that suppressed Con A-induced activation.

PMID- 6446526
TI  - Determination of thiamine modification by polyphenols using K3Fe(CN)6, HgCl2 and
      CNBr.
AB  - The reaction between thiamine (37 micro M) and polyphenols (74 micro M) at 60
      degrees, pH 7.4, is without an extremely rapid initial phase. The time-course of
      reaction is hyperbolic and the log [thiamine] vs time plots pseudo-first order
      with respect to thiamine. A tentative mechanism is proposed for the reaction
      after considering results with free radical scavengers and reducing agents
      together with previous data. As a by-product of the study, CNBr emerges as a
      better reagent than HgCl2 and K3Fe(CN)6 for thiochrome formation in the presence
      of polyphenols and reducing agents.

PMID- 6446527
TI  - Dynein: the mechanochemical coupling adenosine triphosphatase of microtubule
      based sliding filament mechanisms.

PMID- 6446528
TI  - [Seborrheic pemphigoid (Schnyder)].
AB  - Seborrheic pemphigoid first described by Schnyder is considered to be a clinical
      variant of bullous pemphigoid which resembles pemphigus erythematosus. Ruptured
      bullae and erosions covered with crusts involving predominantly the median parts
      of the trunc characterize the clinical picture. Histologic and immunofluorescence
      findings substantiate the diagnosis of pemphigoid. The clinical, histopathologic
      and immunofluorescence features as well as the course of the disease in a 74 year
      old woman are described.

PMID- 6446529
TI  - [Onychomycosis: experiences with atraumatic nail avulsion].
AB  - Patients with onychomycosis (tinea) of finger- and toenails underwent combined
      treatment: avulsion of nail plate, local antimycotic and systemic griseofulvin
      treatment. Avulsion of the involved nails was performed by the patients
      themselves chemo-mechanically using 50% KI-ointment. 1,500 nails were
      successfully removed. Out of 250 patients 101 were clinically and mycologically
      cured after a median delay of 6.5 months. Only 50% of the 101 patients remained
      cured up to one year after cessation of therapy. Atraumatic nail avulsion in
      combination with chemotherapy is a reliable, inexpensive, painless, and effective
      alternative method to surgical excision treating onychomycosis.

PMID- 6446530
TI  - [Endocrine changes in gestagen treatment in a patient with scleroderma diffusa].
AB  - In a male patient, treated with gestagens and corticosteroids for diffuse
      scleroderma, endocrine alterations over two years are followed. A decrease in
      gonadotrophin plasma levels and an increase of prolactin is observed. Levels of
      testosterone, DHEA, and 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone are lowered, while those of
      estradiol and androstenedione remain unchanged. The alterations may be explained
      by a suppression of pituitary function and following decrease of testicular (and
      adrenal) steroid secretion.

PMID- 6446531
TI  - A chromosome survey of 1062 mentally retarded patients. Evaluation of a long-term
      study at the Rinnekoti institution, Finland.

PMID- 6446532
TI  - Histochemical technique for the demonstration of phosphofructokinase activity in
      heart and skeletal muscles.
AB  - A histochemical multi-step technique for the demonstration of phosphofructokinase
      activity in tissue sections is described. With this technique a semipermeable
      membrane is interposed between the incubating solution and the tissue sections
      preventing diffusion of the non-structurally bound enzyme into the medium during
      incubation. In the histochemical system the enzyme converts the substrate D
      fructose-6-phosphate to D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate, which in turn is hydrolyzed
      by exogenous and endogenous fructose diphosphate aldolase to dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate and D-glyceral-dehyde-3-phosphate. The dihydroxyacetone phosphate is
      reversibly converted into D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by exogenous and
      endogenous triosephosphate isomerase. Next the D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is
      oxidized by exogenous and endogenous glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      into 1,3-diphospho-D-glycerate. Concomitantly the electrons are transported via
      NAD+, phenazine methosulphate and menadione to nitro-BT. Sodium azide and amytal
      are incorporated to block electron transfer to the cytochromes.

PMID- 6446534
TI  - Myofibrillar ATPase activity of intrafusal fibers in chronically de-afferented
      rat muscle spindles.
AB  - Dorsal root ganglia L4, L5 were removed to accomplish long-term (1 year) de
      afferentation of the rat soleus muscle. Muscle spindles in the muscles deprived
      of sensory innervation were morphologically and histochemically abnormal. The
      spindle periaxial fluid space was greatly diminished with a thicker capsular
      investment. De-afferented intrafusal muscle fibers lacked either "nuclear bags"
      "nuclear chains" at their midlengths. The intracapsular myofibrillar ATPase
      staining pattern of de-afferented nuclear bag fibers resembled that which the bag
      fibers normally display in their extracapsular regions. These abnormalities are
      discussed with respect to the regulatory functions of spindle sensory and motor
      nerves.

PMID- 6446533
TI  - Fixation and embedding variables in the immuno-electron microscopic study of rat
      Heymann nephritis.
AB  - Fixation and embedding variables were compared in immuno-electron microscopic
      localization of rat IgG in an autologous immune complex-type nephritis. Specimens
      from kidney cortex were fixed for 3, 6 or 9 h in the following fixatives made in
      0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4: 4% paraformaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde,
      periodate- lysine-paraformaldehyde or modified Karnovsky's fixative. Localization
      of IgG was performed on tissue sections cut with a tissue chopper, cryostat or
      sliding microtome, using agarose, Ames O.C.T. Compound or polyethylene glycol
      respectively as cutting matrixes. The sections were incubated in peroxidase
      labelled antirat IgG antiserum (diluted 1:20 with phosphate-buffered saline) for
      60 h. Peroxidase activity was then revealed and the sections embedded in Epon.
      Exact localization of IgG throughout the sections and good ultrastructure were
      achieved when paraformaldehyde and agarose were used. Periodatelysine
      paraformaldehyde proved almost as useful as paraformaldehyde in connection with
      agarose in respect of peroxidase reaction and ultrastructure. Fixatives
      containing glutaraldehyde gave a mostly weak and unevenly distributed peroxidase
      reaction product. In the cryostat sections breaking of the tissue structure could
      not be avoided. When polyethylene glycol was used as cutting matrix no peroxidase
      reaction was achieved.

PMID- 6446535
TI  - Immunologic mechanisms in the etiology of preeclampsia.

PMID- 6446536
TI  - Leukemia remission--effect on psychic adjustment.

PMID- 6446537
TI  - Congenital inguinal hernia--management of the contralateral side.

PMID- 6446538
TI  - The nature of the problem--and state of the art.

PMID- 6446539
TI  - Pediatric review: monitoring antibiotic resistance in Arkansas.

PMID- 6446540
TI  - Gastro-intestinal hormones.

PMID- 6446541
TI  - 1980 officers--county medical societies--Arkansas Medical Society.

PMID- 6446542
TI  - Advances in psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 6446543
TI  - Hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6446544
TI  - Fracture non-unions.

PMID- 6446545
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month.

PMID- 6446547
TI  - Arthritis.

PMID- 6446546
TI  - Pediatric review: diagnostic approaches to birth defects in the newborn how to
      CAPTURE the diagnosis.

PMID- 6446548
TI  - Increasing image size in laparoscopic photography.

PMID- 6446549
TI  - A sensitive colorimetric assay for various proteases using naphthyl ester
      derivatives as substrates.
AB  - A convenient and highly sensitive colorimetric assay for various proteases, such
      as trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, thrombin, and urokinase is described. The
      substrates used are alpha-naphthyl ester derivatives of N alpha-tosyl-L-lysine, N
      alpha-acetylglycyl-L-ination of alpha-naphthol released from them. Use of these
      alpha-naphthyl ester derivatives made the method more sensitive than the use of
      the corresponding methyl or ethyl ester derivatives. The minimum detectable
      concentrations of trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, thrombin and urokinase in this
      method were about 0.002 micrograms, 0.01 microgram, 0.002 CU, 0.01 IU, and 2 IU,
      respectively. The Km values of trypsin and thrombin for TLNE were 0.11 mM and
      0.15 mM while those for TLME were 2.5 mM and 6.7 mM, respectively; the Km values
      of chymotrypsin for ATNE and ATEE were 0.18 mM and 0.7 mM, respectively; and the
      Km values of urokinase for AGLNE and AGLME were 0.17 mM and 4 mM, respectively.
      Zymograms of various proteases were easy to prepare using these alpha-naphthyl
      ester substrates, and zymograms of trypsin and chymotrypsin were made with TLNE
      and ATNE, respectively, as substrates.

PMID- 6446550
TI  - Properties of phosphorylated myofibrils from gizzard smooth muscle.
AB  - Phosphorylation of chicken gizzard myosin light chain in myofibril and its effect
      on myofibrillar ATPase activity were investigated in the contracted state of
      myofibrils. When myofibrils were incubated for two hours at 30 degreeds C with
      ATP, magnesium and calcium, the myosin light chain was phosphorylated by
      endogenous light-chain kinase. Standing overnight, the phosphorylated light chain
      was dephosphorylated by endogenous light-chain phosphatase. Control myofibril had
      much higher ATPase activity than phosphorylated and phosphorylated
      dephosphorylated myofibrils. It was very interesting that the phosphorylated and
      phosphorylated-dephosphorylated myofibrils were quite similar in ATPase activity.
      However, phosphorylated myofibril differed from phosphorylated-dephosphorylated
      myofibril in Ca2+ dependency of Mg2+-ATPase activity. The phosphorylated
      dephosphorylated myofibril was not affected by the presence or absence of Ca2+.
      In contrast, phosphorylated myofibril apparently showed a negative Ca2+
      sensitivity. On the other hand, the results indicating that the
      superprecipitation gel formed by phosphorylated-dephosphorylated myosin could not
      be dissolved in 0.6 M NaCl, suggest that the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
      process of the actomyosin system in gizzard myofibril results in stronger actin
      myosin interaction.

PMID- 6446551
TI  - Phosphorylation of gizzard myosin light chain and the ATPase reaction and
      superprecipitation of skeletal acto-gizzard myosin as functions of ATP
      concentration.
AB  - Three different reactions are known to occur in a combined system of skeletal
      actin, gizzard myosin, and gizzard native tropomyosin. They were studied as
      functions of ATP concentration. (a) At around 1 microM ATP in the presence of an
      ATP-regenerating system, two of the three reactions, superprecipitation and
      ATPase reaction, occurred independently of calcium and were not accompanied by
      the third reaction, phosphorylation of myosin light chains. (b) Relatively high
      concentrations of ATP were required for calcium-dependent phosphorylation and for
      calcium-activated ATPase reaction. It is suggested that the apparent Km value for
      myosin light-chain kinase and that for acto-phosphorylated myosin-ATPase are
      approximately 10(-4.0) M and 10(-5.5) M, respectively. (c) The calcium-dependent
      phosphorylation and the calcium- activated ATPase reaction were closely coupled,
      but they were only indirectly coupled with superprecipitation. (d) In some of the
      responses to change in ATP concentration, (a)-(c), skeletal acto-gizzard myosin
      was similar to skeletal acto-skeletal myosin. It was also similar in that
      sulfhydryl groups of myosin are involved in the calcium regulation of actomyosin
      ATPase and its superprecipitation in both cases.

PMID- 6446552
TI  - Uncoupling of calcium control and phosphohydrolase activity in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles.

PMID- 6446553
TI  - Proteoglycans from chick limb bud chondrocyte cultures. Keratan sulfate and
      oligosaccharides which contain mannose and sialic acid.

PMID- 6446554
TI  - Effect of K+ on phosphorylation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase by either Pi
      or ATP.
AB  - The effect of K+ on phosphorylation of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum by either Pi or ATP was studied using a millisecond mixing
      and quenching device. Equilibrium levels of phosphoenzyme formed by Pi were
      progressively decreased in the presence of increasing K+ concentrations. This
      effect was more pronounced in empty vesicles than in vesicles previously loaded
      with calcium. Potassium did not modify the initial rate of enzyme phosphorylation
      by Pi but increased the rate of phosphoenzyme hydrolysis 4- to 6-fold. Using low
      ATP concentration (50 micro M), the steady state level of phosphoenzyme was
      decreased by the addition of K+. This effect disappeared when the ATP
      concentration was raised to 1 mM.

PMID- 6446555
TI  - The sarcoplasmic reticulum-glycogenolytic complex in mammalian fast twitch
      skeletal muscle. Proposed in vitro counterpart of the contraction-activated
      glycogenolytic pool.
AB  - Evidence is presented that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-glycogenolytic complex
      isolated from fast twitch skeletal muscle is a highly specific, functionally
      defined compartment for phosphorylase regulation. The addition of ATP alone
      results in prompt phosphorylase activation which demonstrates calcium dependence
      similar to the calcium-magnesium ATPase that catalyzes SR calcium transport
      suggesting that these two calcium-requiring -ystems might interact within the
      complex. Lowering extravesicular calcium concentration by transport of calcium
      into the SR lumen resulted in inactivation of phosphorylase a. This effect could
      be prevented by the addition of the calcium ionophore X537A which inhibits SR
      calcium sequestration or a calcium EGTA buffer which maintains free calcium. It
      was mimicked by EGTA addition. Since exogenous phosphorylase b and phosphorylase
      a were not activated or inactivated, respectively, by the endogenous activating
      enzymes or phosphatase in the SR-glycogenolytic complex, these regulatory enzymes
      may be compartmented. In addition, endogenous phosphorylase could be uncoupled
      from its activating enzymes by amylase treatment. These results suggest that the
      SR-glycogenolytic complex in fast twitch skeletal muscle is a compartmented
      system for phosphorylase activation controlled by SR calcium flux, a feature in
      contrast to the cardiac complex (Entman, M.L., Kaniike, K., Goldstein, M.A.,
      Nelson, T.E., Bornet, E.P., Futch, T.W., and Schwartz, A. (1976) J. Biol. Chem.
      251, 3140-3146). We suggest that the complex is the in vitro counterpart of the
      well documented rapid burst of glycogenolysis which ensures with the onset of
      contraction.

PMID- 6446556
TI  - ATP-energized Ca2+ pump in isolated transverse tubules of skeletal muscle.
AB  - A modified protocol for isolation of transverse tubules incorporated an extra
      stage of purification. The existence of an ATP-energized Ca2+ pump in transverse
      tubules isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle has been demonstrated. Isolated
      transverse tubules had a Ca-ATPase activity of 0.78 mu mol/min . mg; this was
      300% in excess of that activity attributable to sarcoplasmic reticulum
      contamination. The distribution of part of the CaATPase activity and ATP
      energized Ca2+ uptake coincided with the distribution of transverse tubules in
      isopycnic sucrose gradients loaded with mechanically disrupted triad junctions.
      Transverse tubules accumulated over 70 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein; this uptake
      was abolished by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Neither digitoxin nor monensin
      inhibited Ca2+ uptake, indicating that Ca2+ accumulation did not occur through a
      sodium/calcium exchange. Conditions for half-maximal Ca2+ uptake were 5 micro M
      free Ca2+ and 10 micro M ATP. The Ca2+ pump of isolated transverse tubules was
      distinguished from the Ca2+ pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma in that
      the transverse tubule Ca2+ pump: 1) was not enhanced by oxalate; 2) was not
      energized by acetyl phosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, or 3-O-methylfluorescein
      phosphate; and 3) did not hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl phosphate or 3-O-methyl
      fluorescein phosphate. Using Ca2+-dependent 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase as
      a marker for sarcoplasmic reticulum, the contamination of the transverse tubule
      preparation was calculated to be 6%. This agreed with a contamination level of 5%
      estimated by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.

PMID- 6446557
TI  - Association between ankyrin and the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 isolated from
      the human erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 6446558
TI  - Enhanced Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the
      presence of diethyl ether.
AB  - The presence of diethyl ether enhances the rates of both Ca2+ uptake and ATPase
      activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (SR) isolated from rabbit skeletal
      muscle. Stopped-flow measurements of Ca2+ transport in SR show that, in the
      absence of oxalate and other calcium-complexing anions, the initial velocity of
      the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake increases from 60 to 107 nmol of Ca2+/s/mg of
      protein when 5% (v/v) diethyl ether is present. Similar concentrations of diethyl
      ether increase steady state levels of Ca2+ accumulation by over 80%. Parallel to
      the enhancement of the rate of Ca2+ transport, diethyl ether induces an increased
      rate of Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity. Among four other ether compounds tested,
      three enhanced the rate of Ca2+ uptake, but none as effectively as diethyl ether,
      and a fourth reduced the rate of Ca2+ transport by the SR. These results contrast
      with previous observations concerning the effect of diethyl ether on ATP
      dependent Ca2+ transport by SR and are now consistent with a direct
      pharmacological action of ether as a muscle relaxant at the level of SR Ca2+
      transport.

PMID- 6446559
TI  - Alignment of the major tryptic fragments of the adenosine triphosphatase from
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6446560
TI  - Crystallization of monomeric recA protein.

PMID- 6446561
TI  - The NH2-terminal portion of the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli F1 ATPase is
      required for binding the delta subunit.

PMID- 6446562
TI  - Diffusion of H-meromyosin in F-actin plus ATP solution at a very low electrolyte
      concentration.
AB  - The translational diffusion coefficient (D) of H-meromyosin in actin (F-actin)
      and ATP solution was measured under conditions wherein the actin-activated ATPase
      activity is close to its maximal value at a very low electrolyte concentration.
      The results were compared with similar data obtained with 0.1 M KCl, where H
      meromyosin and actin were almost completely dissociated. With 0.1 M KCl, it was
      found that there was no dependence of the D of H-meromyosin on actin
      concentration. On the other hand, at a very low electrolyte concentration, it was
      found that the D of H-meromyosin did depend on actin concentration; at a rather
      high actin concentration (and activation of ATPase), it was slightly larger than
      at low or zero actin concentrations. This behavior of D at a low electrolyte
      concentration is interpreted on the assumption that even in solution, H
      meromyosin molecules can actively slide on actin filaments due to the ATPase
      activity.

PMID- 6446563
TI  - Tight divalent cation-binding sites of soluble adenosine triphosphatase (F1) from
      beef heart mitochondria and Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6446564
TI  - Interaction of Rhus laccase with dioxygen and its reduction intermediates.

PMID- 6446565
TI  - Oxidation of dihydronicotinamides by flavin in enzyme and model reactions. Old
      yellow enzyme and lumiflavin.

PMID- 6446566
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of primary bone tumors. Comparison of technetium-99m
      phosphonate and gallium citrate imaging.
AB  - A prospective investigation of two different radionuclide imaging techniques for
      the skeleton--technetium-99m phosphonate and gallium-67 citrate--was carried out
      prior to biopsy in fifty-five patients with primary bone tumors of the
      extremities and limb girdles. The study showed that the technetium-99m
      phosphonate scans were not useful in separating benign from malignant lesions or
      in defining reliably the local extent of malignant tumors. Gallium scans were
      more accurate in delineating the local extent of malignant tumors and may provide
      better indentification of benign tumors.

PMID- 6446567
TI  - Inhibition and relaxation of sea urchin sperm flagella by vanadate.
AB  - Direct measurements of the stiffness (elastic bending resistance) of
      demembranated sera urchin sperm flagella were made in the presence of MgATP2- and
      vanadate. Under these conditions, the flagellum is in a relaxed state, with a
      stiffness of approximately 0.9 x 10(-21) N m2, which is approximately 5% of the
      stiffness obtained in the rigor state in the absence of MgATP2-. MgADP- dose not
      substitute for MgATP2- in producing relaxed state. A progressive inhibition of
      movement is observed after addition of MgATP2- to flagella preincubated with
      vanadate, in which new bend generation, propagation, and relaxation by
      straightening are distinguished, depending on the ratio of MgATP2- and vanadate.
      At appropriate concentrations of vanadate, increase of the velocity of bend
      propagation is observed at a very low concentration of MgATP2- that is not enough
      to induce spontaneous beating. Vanadate enhances competitive inhibition of beat
      frequency by MgADP- but not by ADP3-, ATP4-, or Pi. These observations, and the
      uncompetitive inhibition of beat frequency by vanadate, indicate that vanadate
      can only bind to dynein-nucleotide complexes induced by MgATP2- and MgADP-. The
      state accessible by MgATP2- binding must be a state in which the cross-bridges
      are detached and the flagellum is relaxed. The state accessible by MgADP- binding
      must be a cross-bridged state. Bound vanadate prevents the transition between
      these two states. Inhibition and relaxation by banadate in the presence of MgATP2
      results from the specific affinity of vanadate for a state in which nucleotide
      is bound, rather than a specific affinity for the deteched state.

PMID- 6446568
TI  - Secretion and partial degradation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      factor (GM-CSF) of mouse L-P3 cells.
AB  - Secretion of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was
      accomplished by L-P3 cells in culture with a serum-free medium. Cell
      proliferation per se was not requisite for the production of GM-CSF; the cells
      continued secreting GM-CSF even after their growth had been suspended. The amount
      of GM-CSF accumulated in the conditioned medium was reasonably accounted by the
      daily rate of production, and the addition of a proteinase inhibitor such as
      leupeptin and pepstatin did not result in greater accumulation of GM-CSF in the
      culture. It is thus postulated that there is no significant proteolytic
      inactivation of the secreted GM-CSF in the culture. However, when partially
      purified GM-CSF preparation was chromatographed on a gel-filtration column in the
      presence of 0.1% Triton X-100, a derivative of the GM-CSF was yielded which had
      been diminished in the molecular weight and altered in the isoelectric point. On
      the other hand, when leupeptin was included in the solution during production and
      isolation of the factor, the yielded GM-CSF did not manifest such a detergent
      induced transformation and maintained its isoelectric point at pH 3.5. It is thus
      assumed that, in the presence of the detergent, GM-CSF suffers deterioration by
      an endogenous proteinase and releases a sialoglycopeptide fragment without
      loosing its colony-stimulating activity.

PMID- 6446569
TI  - Validity of a back pain classification scale for detecting psychological
      disturbance as measured by the MMPI.
AB  - Constructed a Back Pain Classification Scale (BPCS) to detect serious
      psychological disturbance in low back pain patients, validated against the MMPI.
      One hundred and twenty patients with low back pain were classified as functional
      or organic on the basis of BPCS scores. The group identified as psychologically
      disturbed (functional) had significantly higher MMPI elevations on Scales F, HS,
      D, HY, PD, MF, PA, PT and SC. None of their scale scores was significantly lower
      than the group identified as organic. T-scores above 70 were present only on
      Scales 1 and 3, which suggests a high incidence of essentially neurotic disorders
      in patients classified as functional. The use of the BPCS as a viable alternative
      to the MMPI in the medical setting was discussed.

PMID- 6446570
TI  - The relationship between the thermal properties of composite filling materials.

PMID- 6446571
TI  - Curricular guidelines on pedodontics.

PMID- 6446572
TI  - How we treat rhinophyma.

PMID- 6446573
TI  - Acoustics in human communications: room acoustics, music, and speech.

PMID- 6446574
TI  - Metabolism of [14C]zearalenone in laying hens.

PMID- 6446575
TI  - National conference examines role of dentistry in US health system.

PMID- 6446576
TI  - Correlative histochemical and physiological measurements in single skinned muscle
      fibers: Heterogeneity of Ca sensitivity in type I fibers.

PMID- 6446577
TI  - Membrane structure-function relationships in cell-mediated cytolysis. I. Effect
      of exogenously incorporated fatty acids on effector cell function in cell
      mediated cytolysis.
AB  - The fatty acid composition of the membrane phospholipids of CTL memory cells
      restimulated with Con A can be altered significantly when selected exogenous
      fatty acids are present during the restimulation culture period. Such alterations
      also lead to significant changes in the subsequent cytolytic capacity of the
      regenerated CTL. Unsaturated fatty acids increase cytotoxicity, whereas saturated
      fatty acids lead to decreased cytotoxic function. The kinetics of the fatty acid
      effect on CTL function is the same as the kinetics of fatty acid incorporation
      into membrane phospholipids, suggesting that alteration of cytotoxicity results
      from altering membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition. The initial studies
      reported here suggest that this effect is mediated at the level of individual
      CTL, rather than through an alteration of CTL frequency in effector cell
      populations. Moreover, it seems unlikely that the fatty acids mediate their
      effect by altering membrane fluidity.

PMID- 6446578
TI  - Natural killing (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in
      specific pathogen-free (SPF) miniature swine and germfree piglets. I. Comparison
      of NK and ADCC.

PMID- 6446579
TI  - The differentiation of cytotoxic T cells in vitro. III. The role of helper T
      cells and their products in the differentiation of cytotoxic cells from "memory"
      cell populations.

PMID- 6446580
TI  - Immunoregulation of contact sensitivity.
AB  - Contact sensitivity to dinitro-fluorobenzene in the mouse is a form of delayed
      type hypersensitivity. This reaction is closely regulated. Tolerance to contact
      sensitivity is mediated by at least 2 mechanisms, tolerance without demonstrable
      suppressor cells and tolerance with suppressor T cells. Suppressor T cells can
      inhibit either the afferent limb of sensitization or the efferent (elicitation)
      phase. These cells probably operate via soluble suppressor factors and require
      auxiliary cells. The duration of contact sensitivity itself is controlled by
      another mechanism, which is antibody. This antibody is directed against the T
      cells responsible for the delayed hypersensitivity state (TDH), and down-regulate
      these cells. It is antigen-specific and has the properties of an antireceptor
      (anti-idiotypic) antibody.

PMID- 6446581
TI  - Physicochemical and functional relationships of immune complexes.
AB  - The biological properties of immune complexes depend on the nature of antigens
      and antibodies comprising these complexes. The lattice of immune complexes
      influences their tissue deposition, complement activation, and interaction with
      Fc receptors. The lattice of immune complexes depends on the valence of antigens,
      the antigen-antibody ratio, the association constant of these reactants and the
      concentration of antigen and antibody. Kupffer cells effectively remove large
      latticed immune complexes from the circulation due to their Fc receptors. This
      system is saturable, leading to prolonged circulation of the complexes and
      enhanced deposition in tissues. Small-latticed immune complexes are slowly
      removed from the circulation by yet unidentified mechanisms. The renal glomerulus
      serves as an example of immune complex deposition from the circulation. Only
      large-latticed complexes are deposited in the glomerular capillary wall in the
      subendothelial area and the mesangial matrix. An influx of bone marrow-derived
      monocytes participates in the disposal of immune complexes deposited in these
      areas of the glomerulus, the resident mesangial cells do not phagocytize these
      substances. The subepithelial deposits of immune complexes appear to be locally
      formed and not deposited from the circulation.

PMID- 6446582
TI  - Dendritic cells of the mouse: identification and characterization.

PMID- 6446583
TI  - Expression of Ia antigens on Langerhans cells in mice, guinea pigs, and man.
AB  - In all mammalian species so far examined, Langerhans cells or their precursors
      are the only epidermal cells expressing Ia antigens or their equivalents. In man,
      xenoantisera raised in rabbits against purified B lymphocyte cell membrane
      antigens were utilized to stain the Langerhans cells, by either fluorescence or
      immunoferritin methods. A high proportion of the indeterminate cells in the
      epidermis also expressed HLA-DR antigens, and a relationship to Langerhans cells
      is suggested. Confirmation of these results was obtained in mouse. Alloantisera
      raised against I-A and I-EC subregion products again stained only Langerhans
      cells. Fluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and immunoferritin methods were used, and
      confirmation of the specificity of the reaction was achieved at the electron
      microscope level. Langerhans cells were shown, by ATPase staining, to be absent
      from the epithelium of the central cornea, but were present in the limbus.
      Population of the entire corneal epithelium surface was induced by application or
      irritants or contact sensitizing agents such as dinitrochlorobenzene. Grafting of
      corneas either deficient or populated with Langerhans cells, to skin beds, may
      answer the question of the influence of such cells on allograft rejection.

PMID- 6446584
TI  - Antigen presentation and allogeneic stimulation by Langerhans cells.
AB  - Isolated Langerhans cells were studied for 2 immunologic functions, the ability
      to present antigen to sensitized T lymphocytes and the ability to act as
      stimulator cells for mixed lymphocyte reactions. Langerhans cells can perform
      both of these functions. This fact, with the previous finding that Langerhans
      cells possess surface Ia antigens and Fc and C3 receptors, strongly suggests that
      Langerhans cells act as epidermal macrophages.

PMID- 6446585
TI  - Receptors for complement of Langerhans cells.
AB  - A population of guinea pig epidermal cells, identified as Langerhans cells,
      formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes coated with IgM immunoglobulin and C3b
      (EAC1-3b) but not with intermediates carrying only C1, C14b, or C14b2a. These
      findings were unusual since most other cells expressing C3b receptors also
      express C4b receptors. To investigate whether these results were the consequence
      of a limited number of C4b molecules on the cells, EAC14b cells were prepared
      with increased amounts of C4b (15 to 250 micrograms on 10(9) cells). EAC14b
      rosette formation was found with a maximal number when there were 3,000 molecules
      per cell, a 6-fold excess over that found in previous experiments. One could
      inhibit this rosette formation by fluid phase C3b as well as by fluid phase C4b,
      suggesting proximity or possible identity of these 2 receptors.

PMID- 6446586
TI  - Natural and perturbed distributions of Langerhans cells: responses to ultraviolet
      light, heterotopic skin grafting, and dinitrofluorobenzene sensitization.
AB  - Epidermal Langerhans cells exhibit many features of macrophages/monocytes. Both
      bear surface receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin molecules and the C3b
      complement component. Both take up, process, and present antigens to reactive
      lymphocytes in an effective fashion, and they display on their cell surfaces the
      alloantigenic determinants encoded by the I region of the major
      histocompatibility complex. In view of these facts, we explored the extent to
      which cutaneous sites with unusual immunologic attributes might correspondingly
      have maldistributions or decreased surface densities of Langerhans cells. Common
      body sites such as the ear, back, and abdominal wall skin in hamsters, mice, and
      guinea pigs had regularly distributed ATPase-positive Langerhans cells in surface
      densities between 500 and 1,500 cells/mm2. In contrast, hamster cheek pouch
      epithelium had fewer than 200 Langerhans cells/mm2 and murine tail skin exhibited
      both a decreased density and an unusual gridlike distribution of the cells.
      Langerhans cells were never demonstrated in corneal epithelium. Perturbation of
      body wall skin with ultraviolet light and with dinitrofluorobenzene temporarily
      depleted the skin of ATPase-positive Langerhans cells. Heterotopic grafts of
      hamster cheek pouch and murine tail skin tended to accumulate Langerhans cells
      and to become more like body wall skin. The concordance of Langerhans cell
      aberrations and unusual immunologic features of corneal cheek pouches and tail
      skins suggests the possibility that intentional perturbations of surface
      Langerhans cells, as with UVL, might achieve unusual immunologic reactions within
      normal body wall skin.

PMID- 6446587
TI  - Round cells of the epidermis: clues from studies on neoplastic lymphocytes of
      cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
AB  - Neoplastic cells of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) appear to be of monoclonal
      origin and frequently are nonspecific helpers of normal B cell differentiation. A
      natural progression from epidermotropic (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome)
      to nonepidermotropic, more widely disseminated T cell neoplasms generally occurs.
      Affinity of CTLC cells for the epidermis may result from their having membrane
      receptors for histocompatibility (Ia) antigens present in skin. Cultured human
      epidermal cells produce a thymopoietin-like molecule, an indication of a role for
      skin in T cell differentiation.

PMID- 6446588
TI  - Secreted platelet proteins with antiheparin and mitogenic activities in chronic
      renal failure.
AB  - The levels of secreted platelet antigen (LA-PF4/beta TG) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in samples of PPP obtained from human blood collected on EDTA
      and inhibitors of platelet release reaction. These levels in plasma of 17 normal
      individuals, 18 nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, and nine
      patients on hemodialysis were 31.9 +/- 2.8 ng/ml, 135.1 +/- 21.4, and 291.8 +/-
      26.3, respectively. No significant differences were observed in platelet counts
      and in the levels of this antigen in PRP of these three groups of individuals.
      The levels of PF4 in PPP of eight normal individuals and in plasma of seven
      patients with chronic renal failure were 7.41 +/- 0.67 and 7.53 +/- 1.11 ng/ml,
      respectively. During processing of blood samples in the absence of platelet
      release inhibitors, platelets of patients with chronic renal failure released
      less LA-PF4/beta TG antigen than did normal platelets. The mean levels of LA
      PF4/beta TG antigen excreted in urine of six normal individuals and 10 patients
      with chronic renal failure were 57.75 and 1461.5 ng/100 mg of creatinine per day,
      respectively. After 3 hr hemodialysis, LA-PF4/beta TG antigen levels in PPP
      increased from 291.8 +/- 26.3 ng/ml to 505.3 +/- 87.3. By contrast, this antigen
      in three patients with successful kidney transplants rapidly returned to levels
      close to normal following graft function. Immunoreactive material from pooled
      urine of patients with chronic renal failure was isolated by isoelectric
      focusing. This material focused at pH 10.0 to 10.8 and induced DNA biosynthesis
      in 3(3 swiss cells, indicating its similarity to PBP. It is proposed that
      elevation of LA-PF4/beta TG antigen observed in plasma of patients with chronic
      renal failure resulted from the impaired handling of this protein by the kidney.

PMID- 6446589
TI  - The rapidly changing nature of acute immune complex disease.
AB  - Antibody was measured in acute serum sickness with a modified ABC Farr test.
      Under the conditions of antigen excess which were employed in this test, antibody
      could be detected before antigen was eliminated from the circulation. This
      approach made it possible to directly measure the ratio of antigen to antibody in
      the serum. The antigen/antibody ratio changed daily. The immunologic conditions
      could be divided into three phases. In phase I the serum antigen/antibody ratio
      showed great antigen excess, with values of 2:1 or greater. Cold-insoluble
      complexes were not seen in this phase, and antigen was cleared slowly from the
      circulation. The serum antigen/antibody ratio in phase II varied from 1:1 to 1:20
      corresponding to conditions of slight antigen excess. Partial cold insolubility
      of circulating complexes was observed. The rate of antigen clearance increased
      during this phase. Phase III began just before antigen was completely eliminated.
      The serum antigen/antibody ratio was 1:40 or less. At this time the complexes in
      the circulation exhibited marked cold insolubility, and the rate of antigen
      clearance was extremely rapid.

PMID- 6446590
TI  - Hearing loss due to noise trauma.
AB  - Three different types of noise-induced hearing loss have been reported in the
      literature. The two less common types are described here. Three cases of these
      two types from our clinic are reported. Since these 2 types of noise-induced
      hearing loss often involve low frequencies it is important to recognize them in
      compensation cases.

PMID- 6446591
TI  - In-vitro synthesis of androgen from pregnenolone in the testes of the goat (Capra
      hircus) and identification of 5-pregnene-3beta,17alpha,20alpha-triol as an
      intermediate in the metabolic pathway of pregnenolone.
AB  - When [4(-14)C]pregnenolone was aerobically incubated in vitro in the presence of
      NAD+ and NADPH with cell-free homogenates of testicular tissue of adult domestic
      goats (Capra hircus), progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, 17alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one,
      dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone were identified as its
      known metabolites. Time-course studies on this metabolism showed that the
      production of 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and testosterone
      constantly increased up to the end of incubation, suggesting that these are both
      end-products of pregnenolone metabolism in this system. The other metabolites
      behaved as intermediates and were ultimately converted, in part, to testosterone
      by the testicular homogenates, indicating that testosterone was synthesized
      through both 4-ene and 5-ene-pathways. Furthermore, besides these metabolites, 5
      pregnene-3beta,17alpha,20alpha-triol was also identified as an intermediary
      metabolite, formed from pregnenolone through 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone in the
      presence of NADPH, and further convertible into 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxy-4
      pregnen-3-one by the microsomal fraction and into 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone by
      the cytosol fraction in the presence of NAD+ and NADP+. It was not, however,
      significantly transformed into C19-steroids. Furthermore, 17alpha,20alpha
      dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which was formed either from 5-pregnene
      3beta,17alpha,20alpha-triol or from 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, remained almost
      unchanged without conversion to C19-steroids when incubated with the caprine
      testicular homogenates.

PMID- 6446592
TI  - Effects of testosterone propionate and cyproterone acetate on carbohydrate
      metabolism in rat mammary glands.
AB  - The effects of administration of testosterone propionate on the activities of
      seven of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in normal rat mammary glands were
      investigated and the validity of the results was confirmed by simultaneous
      injection of the hormone and cyproterone acetate. The administration of the
      androgen increased the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in glands from both intact and from ovariectomized
      and adrenalectomized animals. Administration of cyproterone acetate alone
      resulted in a significant reduction in the activities of PFK and G6PDH and when
      given together with the androgen it inhibited increases in the activities of PFK,
      G6PDH, 6PGDH and LDH induced by testosterone. It was concluded that these results
      did not explain the known inhibitory effects of the androgen on normal mammary
      gland growth and function.

PMID- 6446593
TI  - The simultaneous identification of seminal acid phosphatase and
      phosphoglucomutase by starch gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Although elevated acid phosphatase (AP) activity in vaginal fluid is a consistent
      indicator for semen, differentiation between vaginal AP and seminal AP provides a
      more meaningful result. Detection of seminal AP in mixtures of vaginal AP, feces,
      and blood is accomplished by starch gel electrophoresis, employing the substrate
      thymolphthalein monophosphate as a selective visualization agent. Genetic
      phosphoglucomutase isoenzymes are simultaneously separated by this method and
      allow differentiation in some semen/vaginal fluid mixtures.

PMID- 6446594
TI  - Test-specific effects of the 5-HT reuptake inhibitors alaproclate and zimelidine
      on pain sensitivity and morphine analgesia.
AB  - The effects of the specific 5-HT uptake inhibitors alaproclate and zimelidine,
      the 5-HT releasing compound p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and the specific NA uptake
      inhibitor desipramine on pain sensitivity were examined in male rats using the
      hot-plate and tail-flick methods. The effects of alaproclate and zimelidine on 5
      HT uptake mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord were also studied.
      Alaproclate, zimelidine, PCA and desipramine produced hypoalgesia in the hot
      plate but not in the tail-flick test. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) failed to block the
      hypoalgesia produced by alaproclate and PCA in the hot-plate test. Zimelidine but
      not desipramine pretreatment blocked the analgetic action of PCA in the hot-plate
      test. Alaproclate significantly enhanced morphine analgesia in the hot-plate test
      but did not affect morphine analgesia in the tail-flick test. In contrast,
      zimelidine tended to enhance and significantly prolonged morphine analgesia in
      the tail-flick test but did not affect morphine analgesia in the hot-plate test.
      Zimelidine inhibited 5-HT uptake with equal potency in the hypothalamus and
      spinal cord, while alaproclate produced a greater inhibition of 5-HT uptake in
      the hypothalamus. These findings show test-specific effects after enhancement of
      central 5-HT neurotransmission. It is suggested that various aspects of pain
      sensitivity and morphine analgesia may involve different 5-HT pathways in the
      brain and spinal cord. Moreover, 5-HT pathways in the forebrain may mediate
      analgesia of a non-opiate type.

PMID- 6446595
TI  - Neuroendocrine effects of quipazine in man in health state or with neurological
      disorders.
AB  - The endocrinological actions of quipazine, a direct serotonin receptor agonist,
      were investigated in both normal subjects (NS) and individuals with neurological
      disorders, i.e., Huntington's disease (HD), myoclonic epilepsy (ME) and cluster
      headache (CH). In both normal subjects and neurologic patients inconsistent and
      variable changes in the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones were observed.
      In fact, oral administration of 50 mg of quipazine elicited a rise in plasma GH
      in only 9/23 subjects investigated (3 NS, 2 HD, 1 ME, 3 CH), decreased GH in 4
      subjects (1 NS, 2 HD, 1 CH) and left unmodified plasma GH in the remaining 10
      subjects. Only 7/23 subjects showed a positive PRL response to quipazine (2 NS, 1
      HD, 1 ME, 3 CH), in one subject (CH) PRL was inhibited while the drug was
      ineffective in the remaining 15 subjects. For gonadotropins, 5/21 subjects (2 NS,
      1 HD, 2 CH) had a positive LH response and 3/20 subjects (1 NS, 1 ME, 1 CH) had a
      positive FSH response. In one subject (HD) there was inhibition of baseline LH
      levels and no effects were present in the remaining individuals. No changes in
      basal TSH levels were present in the 6 subjects investigated (4 NS, 2 ME).
      Quipazine was instead competent to increase plasma cortisol levels in 6/8 normal
      subjects. Pharmacodynamic, mainly gastrointestinal, effects of the drug were
      present in about 50% of the subjects but were not or only poorly correlated with
      the endocrine responses. Collectively, based on the neuropharmacologic profile of
      the drug, and in contrast to many animal data, these findings do not support a
      major role for the serotoninergic system on basal anterior pituitary hormone
      secretion in man, possibly with the exception of the ACTH-cortisol secretion.

PMID- 6446596
TI  - Speaking out--Voices of disabled people.

PMID- 6446597
TI  - Comparison of the effect of diazepam and levomepromazine on pain in patients with
      acute lumbago-sciatica.

PMID- 6446598
TI  - The effect of phenylbutazone on patients with acute lumbago-sciatica. A double
      blind trial.

PMID- 6446599
TI  - Responses of lymph node cells from Dipetalonema viteae--infected hamsters to
      xenogeneic, mitomycin-treated leukocytes.

PMID- 6446600
TI  - Further observations of ocular pathology in Down's syndrome.
AB  - We studied the eyes of two children with proven trisomy 21 and updated the
      microscopic ocular findings. The ocular malformations, generally of a minor
      nature, comprise a variety of nonspecific hyperplasia or hamartomata,
      hypoplasias, tissue defects and heterotopias, and involve virtually every portion
      of the globe. Ocular and extraocular abnormalities in Down's syndrome do not
      correlate well embryologically, cytogenetically or in regard to incidence or
      severity. The type of ocular anomalies usually encountered in trisomy 21 suggests
      that the globe was affected by the chromosomal anomaly rather late in its
      development.

PMID- 6446601
TI  - [Ultrasonography characteristics of primary cancers of the gallbladder. A report
      on 16 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Primary cancer of gallbladder was detected by ultrasonography in 16 patients (10
      women, 6 men), and confirmed at operation. Two main types of lesion were found: 8
      localized forms (infiltrating or vegetating), and 8 diffuse forms with
      infiltration of the gallbladder wall. The lesion was an adenocarcinoma in each
      case, and there was associated lithiasis in 11 patients. Extension by contiguity
      or metastases is independent of the size of the cancer. Problems related to
      etiological and differential diagnosis of these lesions are discussed in relation
      to the different ultrasonography appearances observed.

PMID- 6446602
TI  - Positive and negative blastogenic regulation by tumor-bearing mouse T cells.

PMID- 6446603
TI  - From the client's viewpoint: myths and misconceptions of mental illness.

PMID- 6446604
TI  - Meet Kermit Berge: the man behind the cart.

PMID- 6446605
TI  - Synthesis and analgesic properties of some conformationally restricted analogues
      of profadol.
AB  - N-Methylspiro[5-hydroxytetralin-1,3'-pyrrolidine] (2j) and N-methylspiro[7
      hydroxytetralin-1,3'-pyrrolidine] (2n), conformationally restricted analogues of
      profadol, were synthesized via initial reaction of the appropriately substituted
      1-tetralone with ethyl cyanoacetate to give the ethyl 1-tetralylidenecyanoacetate
      derivative (3), which was then reacted with KCN to give the corresponding 1-cyano
      1-(cyanomethyl)tetralin (4). Treatment of 4 with either HBr in dry ether
      dichloromethane or acetic acid-sulfuric acid afforded the spiro[tetralin-1,3'
      pyrrolidine-2',5'-dione] derivative (5), which was then reduced with LiAlH4-THF
      and N-methylated with HCHO-HCO2H to give the appropriately substituted
      spiro[tetralin-1,3'-pyrrolidine] (2). Both 2j and 2n and the isomeric 6-hydroxy
      derivative 21 all showed no significant analgesic activity in hot-plate and
      writhing tests. However, spiro[tetralin-1,3'-pyrrolidine] (2a) and its N-methyl
      derivative (2b) both possessed codeine-level analgesic activity.

PMID- 6446606
TI  - Role of lipids in the Neurospora crassa membrane: III. Lipid composition and
      phase transition properties of the plasma membrane, and its components.

PMID- 6446607
TI  - Metabolic pathways coupled to H+ transport in turtle urinary bladder.
AB  - Active H+ transport in the turtle urinary bladder is mediated by an ATPase.
      Although the source of ATP is usually mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, it
      is possible because of intracellular compartmentalization or cellular
      heterogeneity that one metabolic pathway exclusively provides ATP to the pump. To
      examine this we performed several types of experiments. In one, the coupling
      between the rate of transport and the rate of oxidation of 14C-labeled substrates
      was studied. We found that there was coupling between H+ transport and glucose,
      butyrate oleate, and beta-OH-butyrate oxidation. In another set of experiments we
      depleted turtle bladders of their endogenous substrates and tested the effect of
      a number of substrates on the rate of transport. We found that glucose, pyruvate,
      lactate, actetate, butyrate and beta-OH butyrate all stimulated H+ transport. In
      a third set of experiments we found no coupling between H+ transport and lactate
      production. Finally, we found that reduction of H+ transport by mucosal
      acidification resulted in an increase in epithelial cell ATP concentrations and a
      decrease in ADP levels. These results suggest that the H+ pump receives its ATP
      from carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation. The changes in ATP and ADP levels
      provide an initial explanation for the coupling of H+ transport to the rate of
      cellular oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 6446608
TI  - Interval mini-laparotomy: an alternative to laparoscopic sterilization?

PMID- 6446609
TI  - Laparoscopic removal of extra-uterine Lippes loop.

PMID- 6446610
TI  - [Case of probable Hodgkin's disease in a patient who initially developed systemic
      erythroderma with rapidly changing histological presentations--an autopsy study].

PMID- 6446611
TI  - Mutagenic activity of nitrosourea antitumor agents.
AB  - The relative mutagenic activities of chloroethyl-nitrosourea and
      methylnitrosourea antitumor agents in active clinical use were determined with
      the use of the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay. The results indicated that the
      drugs induced base substitutions. 2-Deoxy-2-[[(methylnitrosoamino)carbonyl]amino]
      D-glucopyranose (also called streptozotocin), a glucose-containing
      methylnitrosourea, was the most mutagenic of all compounds tested and showed at
      least a 250-fold increase in activity when compared to that of its chloroethyl
      analog, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl) nitrosoamino]carbonyl]-amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose
      (also called chlorozotocin). All nitrosoureas, with the exception of N'-[(4-amino
      2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea monohydrochloride,
      a pyrimidine chloroethyl analog, demonstrated an increase in mutagenicity after
      incubation with induced Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes. No correlation
      between in vitro chemical alkylating activity and mutagenic potential was
      observed. Mutagenic activity was not observed to be of predictive value for
      antitumor activity in the L1210 leukemia model system.

PMID- 6446612
TI  - [Electro- and phonocardiographic changes in a combination of interventricular and
      interatrial septal defects].

PMID- 6446613
TI  - [Genetic analysis of the structure of the predisposition to ischemic heart
      disease].
AB  - Clinical and ECG examination of 752 male population samples (598 Uzbeks and 154
      Russians) aged from 40 to 74 conducted according to the WHO criteria showed the
      incidence of ischemic heart disease among males 40 to 59 years of age to be 10.7%
      for Uzbeks and 15.1% for Russians (p greater than 0.3) and among males aged from
      60 to 74, 16.8 and 19.7%, respectively. The incidence of ischemic heart disease
      was lower among brothers of male probands 40 to 74 years of age (33.9%) than
      among brothers of female probands (38.9%); the incidence of this disease was
      lower among sisters of male probands (23.1%) than among sisters of female
      probands (30.2%). A similar peculiarity of ischemic heart disease distribution
      among siblings according to the sex of their probands was found in the 40- to 59
      year-old group. This indicates the existence of two thresholds which determine
      ischemic heart disease prevalence among the different sexes of the population.
      The incidence of ischemic heart disease among the spouses of the probands aged
      from 40 to 74 is also higher than that among the population in general; it was
      17% on the average, 14.3% among female spouses and 22% among male spouses. The
      genetic component of ischemic heart disease determination (heritability) was
      approximately 60%, the intrafamilial one was approximately 20--30%. Thus, besides
      the genetic factors which determine the liability to ischemic heart  disease,
      there are intrafamilial factors which have an essential effect and which also
      cause familial aggregation of the disease.

PMID- 6446614
TI  - Control of complement activation in membranous and membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Renal biopsy specimens from 22 membranous (MGN) and 19 membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis (MPGN) patients were examined for the presence of the three
      regulators of the complement system; C1- inhibitor (C1--INH), C3b inactivator
      (C3b-INA), and beta 1H. The serum concentrations of these proteins, at the time
      of biopsy, were also measured. To study the modulation of complement activation
      by these three control proteins in MGN and MPGN, we examined the relationship
      between each control protein and the protein whose activity it regulates, in four
      ways; (a) the concordance between the presence of the control proteins and the
      components regulated was studied, (b) the correlations in intensity of deposition
      of the control and complement proteins were measured, (c) the patterns of
      distribution of the proteins within the glomeruli were compared, and (d) the
      serum levels of control proteins and components, regulated were examined. C1--INH
      (23 of 35 biopsies) and beta 1H (34 of 36 biopsies) were frequently deposited in
      both disease groups. C3b-INA was found only rarely in MPGN (4 of 19 biopsies).
      This is probably because the former two proteins modulate complement activation
      stoichiometrically, whereas C3b-INA acts enzymatically. A relationship was
      demonstrated between C1--INH and C1s and between beta 1H and C3 in both groups,
      but no such relationship was found between C3bINA and C3. Conclusion. There is no
      generalized deficiency in modulation of complement activation in MGN or MPGN.

PMID- 6446615
TI  - [Chromosome findings in 300 patients with Down's syndrome].

PMID- 6446616
TI  - [Assessment of the resectability of stomach cancer by means of laparoscopy].

PMID- 6446617
TI  - [Laparoscopic catheterization of the round ligament of the liver].

PMID- 6446618
TI  - [Belorussian Surgical Society (on the 50th anniversary of its foundation)].

PMID- 6446619
TI  - [Emergency laparoscopy in the early postoperative period].

PMID- 6446620
TI  - Endothelial and subintimal changes in rat hilar pulmonary artery during recovery
      from hypoxia. A quantitative ultrastructural study.
AB  - Whereas hypoxia is known to cause an increase in thickness of both the medial and
      adventitial layers of the muscular pulmonary arteries, little is known of its
      effect on the endothelial cell and rest of the intima. The present study
      describes the ultrastructural changes in the intima of the hilar intrapulmonary
      muscular artery of the rat after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia of 380 torr for 10
      days and their resolution during recovery periods of between 3 and 70 days in
      room air. After 10 days of hypoxia, the intima is 3 times thicker than the
      controls (control = 1.81 micrometers. +/- 0.13 standard error (S.E.); hypoxia =
      5.59 micrometers. +/- 1.14 S.E.; p less than 0.05). The thickness of the
      endothelial cell layer doubles (control = 1.57 +/- 0.12 S.E.; hypoxia = 3.29
      micrometer. +/- 0.23 S.E.; p less than 0.001) and point-counting the cytoplasm of
      these cells reveal significant relative increase in areal proportions, and hence
      most marked hypertrophy, of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi
      apparatus. An increase in number of endothelial cells is also apparent. The
      increase in thickness of the subendothelial layer is due to appearance of edema.
      In addition, microfibrillar basement membrane-like material is found focally
      within the subendothelial layer. In some sections, approximately 50 per cent of
      the endothelial associated basement membrane is absent. During recovery periods,
      there is regression of all the hypoxia-induced changes, save that the amount of
      subendothelial elastin increases to day 28 recovery, thereby altering the
      structure of the wall. The presence of elastin, collagen fibers, and microfibrils
      on the luminal side of the endothelial basement membrane, in control and
      experimental animals, points to their synthesis by the endothelial cell.

PMID- 6446621
TI  - Humoral inhibitors of the immune response in uremia. III. The immunosuppressive
      factor of uremic rat serum is a very low density lipoprotein.

PMID- 6446622
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in rats with autologous immune complex nephritis.
AB  - Autologous immune complex nephritis (Heymann nephritis) was actively induced in
      rats by immunization with high (10 mg.) and low (1 mg.) doses of renal tubular
      epithelial antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. The development of proteinuria
      and granular capillary wall deposition of IgG confirmed the previously well
      described membranous nephropathy which characterizes this experimental disease.
      Circulating immune complexes were demonstrated by both the fluid phase and solid
      phase C1q binding assays in both high and low dose experimental groups. The
      prevalence of such immune complexes was significantly greater in the experimental
      than in the control groups immunized with adjuvant alone or liver homogenate in
      adjuvant. The circulating immune complexes bound to C1q were 16 to 23 S in size
      and were proven to contain a renal tubular antigen. These data, in combination
      with the previous demonstration of renal tubular antigen and its antibody in
      kidneys from rats with autologous immune complex nephritis, are consistent with a
      circulating immune complex pathogenesis of this model of the actively induced
      autologous immune complex nephritis in rats.

PMID- 6446623
TI  - The spleen as a source of nonspecific suppressor cells in the tumor-bearing
      mouse.

PMID- 6446624
TI  - Amniotic fluid estriol, estriol precursors, and pregnanediol in intrauterine
      growth retardation.

PMID- 6446625
TI  - Metabolism of steroids by mouse teratocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 6446626
TI  - Immunity and drug resistance in a mouse glioma.
AB  - The failure of chemotherapy often results in the outgrowth of drug-resistant
      tumor cells, and, since chemotherapy is often combined with immunotherapy, the
      question arises as to whether immunity directed against the original tumor offers
      any protection against the drug-resistant tumor cells. To approach this problem,
      the immunological relationships between a mouse glioma (GL26) and two FUdR
      resistant transplantable tumor sublines were studied. Immunity was induced in
      C57BL/6 mice with neuraminidase-altered GL26 tumor cells. Immunized mice
      challenged with viable GL26 tumor cells were completely protected, and no tumors
      grew. Immune mice, when rechallenged with cells from the two FUdR-resistant
      tumors, gave greater protection against one of the tumors than the other, but not
      as much as against the original tumor. The results indicate the drug-resistant
      tumor cells have some immunological properties similar to the original tumor line
      and that further studies such as these might be of value to the staging of
      chemoimmunotherapy.

PMID- 6446627
TI  - Malignant pheochromocytoma (paraganglioma) of the organ of Zuckerkandl: a study
      of two cases.
AB  - Ten percent of pheochromocytomas are found in extra-adrenal locations and are
      called paragangliomas. In recent years we have had the opportunity to study two
      patients with malignant paragangliomas of the organ of Zuckerlandl. Only 13 cases
      of such neoplasms have been reported previously. Our cases are of interest
      because of their features of recurrence, distant metastases, response to adjuvant
      therapy, and long survival.

PMID- 6446628
TI  - The value of laparoscopic liver examination in the management of breast cancer.
AB  - One-hundred selected breast cancer patients underwent a laparoscopic liver
      examination to evalute this procedure in the management of breast cancer. Group I
      contained patients with primary breast tumors considered to be localized. Group
      II consisted of cases which had disseminated disease at initial evaluation or had
      recurrent disease. In group I, 8.5% showed macrometastases less than 1 cm in size
      at laparoscopy in clinically uninvolved livers. This converted a presumed
      localized lesion to stage IV disease and was managed accordingly. Cases evaluated
      as high-risk cases due to local factors, however, were not found to have liver
      involvement at laparoscopy, and hence adequate local therapy could be undertaken.
      In group II, metastatic liver involvement detected at laparoscopy was 22.5%. This
      simple, safe, and short procedure is therefore felt to be a useful complementary
      investigation in the management of breast cancer.

PMID- 6446629
TI  - Nonspecific immunosuppression by cultured lymphocyte supernates of cancer
      patients.
AB  - A nonspecific immunosuppressive factor, lymphocyte immunosuppive substance (LIS),
      has been correlated with cancer patients. Significant suppression of IgM antibody
      production of sheep erythrocyte immune Swiss mice lymphocytes was found when the
      immune lymphocytes were treated with cultured peripheral blood lymphocyte
      supernates of tumor-bearing patients. A lesser amount of LIS activity was also
      demonstrated with patients who had cancer in the past, but were clinically free
      of disease at the time of testing. This suppressive activity has been
      demonstrated with several solid tumors including breast CA, colon CA, melanoma,
      uterine CA, and ovarian CA. A possible use of this suppression test for detecting
      recurrences is suggested from the data.

PMID- 6446630
TI  - Reply to "Comments on "Chalones and cancer"".

PMID- 6446631
TI  - [SCRIBE: a microprocessor based communication aid for the severely handicapped].

PMID- 6446632
TI  - Workmen's compensation hearing loss claims.
AB  - This presentation deals with the evaluation of occupational hearing loss claims,
      the tests used over the years to determine the hearing status of the claimants,
      and the various methods used to convert the results of the audiometric tests in
      terms of percentage of hearing impairment. A significant modification of the 1961
      American Medical Association formula has recently been adopted by the Board of
      Directors of both the American Academy of Otolaryngology and the American Council
      of Otolaryngology. The modified formula has been published: "Guide for the
      Evaluation of Hearing Handicap," JAMA, 241, (19): May 11, 1979. The reasons for
      this modification and its application in the evaluation of occupational hearing
      loss claims are discussed. Otolaryngologists are urged to become acquainted with
      the modified AAO formula and to apply it in the evaluation of hearing loss
      claims.

PMID- 6446633
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid homocarnosine in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6446634
TI  - Naloxone stimulation of luteinizing hormone release in prepubertal female rats;
      role of serotonergic system.

PMID- 6446635
TI  - [The OMKA1Ts-01 automatic digital osometer].
AB  - The first Soviet automatic digital osmometer has been developed, its operational
      and technical characteristics being not inferior to the best foreign standard.
      This osmometer allows considerable cut of the measurement time and high accuracy
      of the osmotic pressure determination.

PMID- 6446636
TI  - [Flow-type pulsatile cytofluorometer with increased sensitivity].
AB  - A new cytofluorometer is described, with sensitivity twice as high as that of the
      existing units.

PMID- 6446637
TI  - [Measuring converter for elastometric medical instruments].
AB  - According to thorough consideration of converting characteristics of elastometric
      instruments, the measurement error can be diminished by introducing in the
      measuring converter some regulation means for the angle of the moment of
      counteracting springs and an assembly to limit the radial shift of the converter
      moving part. Such a modification provides high operational and metrologic
      characteristics for elastometric medical instruments.

PMID- 6446638
TI  - [The DA240-4 discrete biochemical autoanalyser].
AB  - The principle of operation, design and main technical characteristics are
      described of a discrete biochemical autoanalyzer DA240-4 jointly elaborated by
      the USSR and GDR. This unit can be employed in big biochemical laboratories and
      in prophylactic institutions.

PMID- 6446639
TI  - [Information processing system for the DA240-4 discrete autoanalyser].
AB  - An information processing system (IPS) is described for checking the parity of
      the sample address code, setting the scale factor of the measured value from 0.1
      to 1.0 analog-digital conversion of this value with automatic selection of
      measuring subranges. The IPS performs printing of the sample address and the
      measurement results in red or black colour depending on the autoanalyzer
      operation mode and on the input signals. In addition, it sends control signals
      into the autoanalyzer to check its functioning. This IPS is intended for
      operation with DA240-4 discrete autoanalyzer.

PMID- 6446640
TI  - [Tensometric analyser for blood microaggregates].
AB  - A tensometric analyser based on blood pressure determination on a screen-like
      filter is recommended to estimate the quantity of microaggregates being formed in
      the blood. This instrument has small dimensions and consists of a measuring
      chamber, automatic syringe and a device for thermostating and control purposes.

PMID- 6446642
TI  - [New dental chairs].

PMID- 6446641
TI  - [Photoelectric instrumentation for clinical-diagnostic laboratories (present
      status and problems)].
AB  - Technical characteristics are given of several Soviet photoelectrical instruments
      and dispensers, and the main trends in creating medical photoelectrical
      instruments are outlined.

PMID- 6446643
TI  - [The OEM-1 breast milk extractor].

PMID- 6446644
TI  - [Manual instrumentation with fiber waveguides].

PMID- 6446645
TI  - [New gonioscope].

PMID- 6446646
TI  - Recent developments in the stopped-flow method for the study of fast reactions.

PMID- 6446647
TI  - Induction of prophage lambda without amplification of recA protein.
AB  - The requirement for amplified synthesis of recA protein in the UV-promoted
      induction of coliphage lambda was studied. We confirmed that a low concentration
      of rifampicin inhibited specifically the increased synthesis of recA protein
      after an inducing treatment (Satta and Pardee, 1978). Under these conditions,
      using an optimal dose of UV, E. coli lysogens were induced, producing active
      phage. The drug delayed the onset of induction and with increasing concentrations
      affected the yield of phage, but all the cells lysed. The results established
      that induction can proceed without amplification of recA protein synthesis.

PMID- 6446648
TI  - Extrachromosomal oligomycin-resistant mutants of the petite-negative yeast
      Kluyveromyces lactis. Properties of mitochondrial ATPase and cross-resistance to
      inhibitors of phosphoryl transfer reactions.
AB  - The mitochondrial ATPase from oligomycin-resistant mutants which map on different
      regions of an extrachromosomal DNA (01 and 011 class mutants) showed an increased
      resistance to oligomycin and venturicidin when assayed in vitro as compared to
      the sensitive strains. The resistance to oligomycin of the isolated mitochondrial
      ATPase from 01 class mutants was higher than that of the 011 class mutants. Cross
      resistance of the oligomycin-resistant mutants to the antibiotics peliomycin and
      ossamycin, which also inhibit phosphoryl transfer reactions in mitochondria
      (Walter et al., 1967), was observed, 01 mutants being more resistant to ossamycin
      than 011 class mutants. At the concentrations of peliomycin studied, no
      difference in sensitivity among both groups of oligomycin-resistant mutants could
      be detected. Mitochondrial respiration and isolated mitochondrial ATPase activity
      are sensitive to venturicidin, suggesting that the previously observed (Brunner
      et al., 1977) in vivo venturicidin resistance of K. lactis is probably due to an
      impairment of the influx of the drug at the level of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6446649
TI  - Isolation and characterization of lambda b221poriCasnA, a plaque-forming
      specialized transducing phage carrying the origin of replication of the
      Escherichia coli chromosome.
AB  - A specialized transducing phage lambda b221poriCasnA has been isolated carrying
      oriC the origin of chromosomal replication of Escherichia coli. All phage genes
      required for lytic growth are retained, thus the phage is capable of lytic
      growth. The presence of the oriC locus confers upon infecting phage DNA the
      ability to replicate as a plasmid using only host DNA replication functions. The
      presence of both oriC and ansA markers has allowed the development of a plaque
      assay for origin function which can be used to identify mutants at these loci.
      Comparison of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites present on lambda
      b221proiCasnA DNA to those on its parent, lambda b221 rex::Tn10 suggests the
      steps involved in the formation of the transducing phage.

PMID- 6446650
TI  - Pseudovirulent mutants of lambda b221poriCasnA resulting from mutations in or
      near oriC, the E. coli origin of DNA replication.
AB  - Mutants of the specialized transducing phage lambda b221poriCasnA have been
      isolated which form plaques on lambda lysogens. Genetic and physical evidence is
      presented to show that the mutations responsible for the pseudovirulent phenotype
      map in or near oriC, the origin of chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6446651
TI  - Genetic and physical characterization of lambda transducing phages (lambda frdA)
      containing the fumarate reductase gene of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Two types of fumarate reductase transducing phages, lambda frdA, carrying the
      wild-type frdA gene but differing in the orientation of a R.HindIII fragment of
      bacterial DNA were isolated from populations of recombinant transducing phages by
      their ability to complement the lesions of frdA mutants of E. coli. In lysogens,
      the cloned frdA gene was controlled by its own promoter and was fully responsive
      to normal regulatory stimuli. The lambda frdA phages would not complement the
      defects of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) mutants. Genetic studies showed that the
      R.HindIII fragment contains ampA, the cis-acting regulatory locus for the
      chromosomal beta-lactamase gene ampC. No evidence for the presence of other
      markers was detected but the bacterial segment could be extended to produce
      plaque-forming phage derivatives containing the amp operon and a gene concerned
      with bacteriophage morphogenesis, groE(mop). A physical map of the 4.9 kb
      R.HindIII fragment was constructed by restriction analysis and flanking fragments
      were identified by DNA:DNA hybridization analysis. The frdA region contained a
      single asymmetric R.EcoRI target 3.33 kb from one end and the orientation of the
      physical map with respect to the E.coli linkage map was established.

PMID- 6446652
TI  - Regulation of synthesis of ribosomal protein S20 in vitro.
AB  - Addition of 16S rRNA to a coupled transcription-translation in vitro system
      stimulated the synthesis of ribosomal protein S20 from transducing phage lambda
      DNA. The S20 made under this condition was found to be bound to 16S rRNA. These
      results may indicate a connection between ribosomal assembly and the rate of
      ribosomal protein synthesis.

PMID- 6446653
TI  - The phage promoter responsible for the expression of the inserted beta
      galactosidase gene in bacteriophage lambda plac5.
AB  - The lac transducing phage, lambda plac5, carries a segment of the E. coli lac
      operon on the left side of the b2 region of the lambda phage. In the absence of
      additional cyclic AMP, beta-galactosidase can only be expressed from the phage
      promoter, and the expression of the inserted lac promoter is suppressed. This
      phage promoter responsible for beta-galactosidase synthesis is shown to be under
      the control of the cI and N gene products; however, the repressive action of the
      cro gene product at high multiplicity of infection is not observed although some
      turn off at very late time is detected. To pin down this phage promoter, results
      described  in this communication and those described elsewhere can rule out the
      promoter PI, PR, P'R, and the promoter PL also looks rather unlikely. No firm
      identification of this phage promoter has been made, but the promoter(s) in the
      b2 region (the b2 promoter) is proposed. The phage promoter responsible for beta
      galacrosidase synthesis is shown to be a weak promoter, requires the Q gene
      product or one (or more) of the late gene products for activation, and the time
      of expression is very late.

PMID- 6446654
TI  - Identification of the E. coli dnaJ gene product.
AB  - We have previously shown that a mutation (groPC259) in the E. coli dnaJ gene
      renders the cell inviable at high temperatures and arrests bacteriophage lambda
      DNA replication at all temperatures (Sunshine et al., 1977). We have isolated
      lambda dnaJ+ transducing phages both by in vitro cloning and by abnormal excision
      of a lambda dnaK transducing phage integrated near the dnaJ locus. The dnaJ gene
      product has been identified on SDS polyacrylamide gels after infection of UV
      irradiated E. coli cells by lambda dnaJ+ derivative phages. It is a polypeptide
      chain with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000-daltons. This has been verified
      by the fact that a transducing phage carrying an amber mutation in the dnaJ gene
      fails to induce the synthesis of the 37,000-dalton polypeptide chain upon
      infection of sup+ bacteria, but does so upon infection of supF or supD bacteria.

PMID- 6446655
TI  - Second-site rho mutation: genetic linkage and polyC-dependent ATPase.
AB  - Rho has been purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli double mutant rho-115
      sur-38 cells, and from rho6 and rho-115 cells. The sur-38 mutation suppresses the
      original rho-115 phenotype. We observe that the polyC-dependent ATPases of these
      three rho preparations have the same specific activities. However, the ATPase of
      rho from the double rho-115 sur-38 mutant is extremely heat labile, while that
      from rho-115 shows a heat lability intermediate between the wild type and the
      double mutant. Transduction analysis suggests that sur-38 is closely linked to
      rho-115 in the order ilv--sur-38--rho-115--metE. These data are consistent with
      the model that the sur-38 mutation affects the structural gene for rho.

PMID- 6446656
TI  - Characterisation of a lambda transducing phage carrying the F conjugation gene
      traG.
AB  - A lambda transducing phage carrying the traGSTD genes of the E. coli K12 factor F
      was isolated by an in vivo technique, and characterized in tra complementation
      tests, by determining its restriction endonuclease fragment sizes, and by
      measuring heteroduplex molecules. The size and location on the F physical map of
      the tra transducing segment was thereby determined. Comparison of the proteins
      synthesized in UV-irradiated cells by this phage and by a derivative carrying the
      amber traG79 mutation, allowed the traG product to be identified as a protein of
      molecular weight 100,000. In the same experiments, the sizes of the traT and traD
      products made by the phage were also measured, being 25,000 and 85,000 daltons
      respectively.

PMID- 6446657
TI  - [Ecologic conditions for the spread of methane-forming bacteria in the petroleum
      strata of Apsheron].
AB  - The distribution of methan producing bacteria was studied in oil bearing strata
      of the Apsheron Peninsula and was shown to depend on ecological conditions: the
      total mineralization of stratal water, the content of hydrogen sulfide, sulfates,
      the pH, the extent of penetration of surface waters. The bacteria was found in 11
      among 14 stratal water samples taken from the studied oil deposits. The flooding
      of oil collectors with surface waters was shown to be one of the factors
      responsible for the distribution of methane producing bacteria in the stratal
      waters of oil deposits. Methane producing cenoses were found in stratal water
      whose mineralization varied from 17 to 84.8 g per litre and the content of
      hydrogen sulfide varied from 0 to 585 mg per litre. Most of the samples contained
      also sulfate reducing bacteria which grew in a medium with lactate, as well as
      fermenting microorganisms which grew in the presence of peptone and glucose and
      supplied methane producing bacteria with their substrates, viz. H2, CO2 and
      acetate. Preliminary experiments in which methane was produced from oil via a two
      stage process suggest that flooding favours the formation of oil oxidation
      products in the strata and these products serve as substrates for the growth of
      microbial cenoses producing methane.

PMID- 6446658
TI  - [In vivo study of the growth characteristics of the microflora of Armenian
      yogurt].
AB  - The microflora from the Armenian yoghurt was studied during its growth on the
      optimal for the medium (skim milk) using objectives of the Peshkoff system. It
      was shown that certain organisms of Lactobacterium jogorti tended to branch at
      the early stages of their growth, and the cells elongated and formed complex
      coils and helices by the third-fourth day of growth. Compact aggregates of cocci
      having angular outlines appeared in the culture of Streptococcus thermophilus by
      the end of the second day of growth. Lysis of individual organisms, and
      occasionally zones of lysis, were found in the both cultures at certain stages of
      their growth. Cultures grown for 4-5 days were characterized by wide
      polymorphism.

PMID- 6446659
TI  - [Hexokinase and sucrose phosphorylase activity of cell-free preparations of
      haploid and diploid strains of Pullularia pullulans].
AB  - The autodiploid strain of Pullularia pullulans 1125(4)(13) that differs from the
      haploid strain 1125(4) in the rate of synthesis of the polysaccharide pullulan
      has a higher activity of hexokinase in cell-free preparations. A change in the
      activity of hexokinase in the diploid strain coincides in time with a change in
      the rate of the polysaccharide synthesis: the activity of hexokinase in cell-free
      preparations is highest when the rate of pullulan synthesis is maximal. In the
      haploid strain, the activity of hexokinase in preparations from the cultures
      grown for 24, 38 and 48 hours remains at the same level, and then decreases by
      the 72nd hour. The activity of sucrose phosphorylase in cell-free preparations of
      the haploid strain increases with aging of the culture; in preparations of the
      diploid strain, the activity decreases by the 38th hour and then increases like
      in the haploid strain. These data make it possible to suggest that the activity
      of hexokinase, rather than that of sucrose phosphorylase, influences the rate of
      pullulan synthesis.

PMID- 6446660
TI  - [Effect of temperature and pH on the ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase
      activity of the thermophilic hydrogen bacterium, Pseudomonas thermophila].
AB  - The activity of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RDP) carboxylase was found in the
      soluble fraction of the cytoplasm from sonicated Pseudomonas thermophila K-2
      cells. The enzyme is relatively thermolabile and completely loses its activity at
      80 degrees C. The activity of RDP carboxylase at 60 degrees C increases by 40%
      during the first 10 min of heating in the presence of Mg2+ ions, bicarbonate and
      dithiothreitol, and again decreases if the enzyme is heated over 20 min. The
      optimum temperature of the enzyme is 50--55 degrees C. The specific activity of
      the enzyme in fresh preparations under these conditions reaches 0.22 unit per 1
      mg of protein in the extract. The calculated value of the activation energy for
      RDP carboxylase is 6.4 kcal-mole-1, but 11.6 kcal-mole-1 in frozen preparations.
      The optimal pH is 7.0--7.3 depending on the buffer. The temperature optimum for
      the enzyme action does not depend on pH within the range of 7.3 to 8.8.
      Therefore, RDP carboxylase of Ps. thermophila K-2 differs from RDP carboxylases
      of mesophilic cultures studied earlier by a higher susceptibility to a decrease
      in temperature (the enzyme activity is negligible at 30 degrees C), by a lower
      value of the activation energy at suboptimal temperatures, and by a lower pH
      optimum of the enzyme action.

PMID- 6446661
TI  - [Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and CO2 photoassimilation by cyanobacteria that
      form water-bloom spots in a sulfur spring with a high sulfide content].
AB  - Cyanobacteria belonging mainly to the genera Anabaena and Oscillatoria were
      isolated from water-bloom spots of a sulfur spring in Staraya Matsesta. Their
      suspensions evolved O2 at a rate of 6--8 nM/min per 1 mg of dry cell weight at an
      intensity of solar radiation being 60--75 mV/cm2 per 1 sec. The cells were also
      capable of CO2 photoassimilation in the presence of solfide at a rate of 10(-4)
      mg C per mg per hour. DCMU at a concentration of 10(-5) M completely inhibited O2
      evolution and inhibited CO2 fixation by 80%. Oxygen assimilation in dark by the
      suspensions did not depend on the addition of cyanide and was caused apparently
      by nonenzymatic reduction of O2 with sulfide dissolved in the spring water.
      Oxygen assimilation by the suspensions in light in the presence of DCMU was by 20
      -30% greater than in dark. Therefore, the cells of cyanobacteria are
      characterized by photorespiration at the level of photosystem I. Presumably,
      sulfide at a concentration of 9 mM cannot significantly inhibit the
      photosynthetic processes in cyanobacteria producing water-bloom spots in the
      sulfur spring.

PMID- 6446662
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity in red blood cells from subjects with Down's
      syndrome and non-mongoloid mental retardation.

PMID- 6446663
TI  - Pseudotumour cerebri associated with minocycline therapy for acne.
AB  - A case of pseudotumour cerebri (PTC) in a 13-year-old girl is reported. This
      patient experienced menarche seven months before presentation, and subsequently
      developed acne which necessitated antibiotic therapy. She had been treated with
      minocycline hydrochloride (100 mg twice a day) for two months before admission to
      hospital. The role of minocycline therapy associated with menarche in the
      aetiology of PTC is discussed.

PMID- 6446664
TI  - [Study of the relationship between Rickettsia burneti and Ixodoidea ticks].

PMID- 6446665
TI  - [Results of virological and serological studies of birds and mammals in Southern
      Pribalkhash'e].

PMID- 6446666
TI  - [Study of virulence of the Leishmania tropica major strains isolated from gerbils
      (Rhombomys opimus Licht.) under different landscape condition in Turkmenistan].

PMID- 6446668
TI  - [Long-term active baiting stations - devices for effective control of flies under
      conditions of hot climate].

PMID- 6446667
TI  - [Is it possible for Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli to infest newly developed urban
      housing projects, a former focus of Pappataci fever?].

PMID- 6446669
TI  - [Epidemic process in an intensive focus of ascariasis studied by means of an
      immunological examination of the population. 2. An evaluation of the
      effectiveness of allergic reactions].

PMID- 6446670
TI  - [Problem of echinococcosis and alveolar hydatid disease in the RSFSR].

PMID- 6446671
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of trichocephaliasis and its control in Kusary
      District, Azerbaijan].

PMID- 6446672
TI  - [Distribution and epidemiological characteristics of taeniarhynchiasis foci in
      the northern Caucasus].

PMID- 6446673
TI  - [Role of pike grown in fish-breeding ponds in maintaining a diphyllobothriasis
      focus].

PMID- 6446674
TI  - [Dimilin in controlling the larvae of Anopheles maculipennis messeae Fall.
      mosquitoes and of the rice midge in Krasnodar Territory].

PMID- 6446675
TI  - [Attempt to utilize golden hamsters for detecting natural foci of cutaneous
      leishmaniasis].

PMID- 6446676
TI  - [Blood group affiliation of persons infected with the dwarf tapeworm].

PMID- 6446677
TI  - [Case of the isolation of the causative agent of plague (Yersinia pestis) from
      the Isabelline wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina Temm.)].

PMID- 6446678
TI  - Theoretical and experimental determination of sensitivity and edge enhancement in
      xeroradiography and ionography.
AB  - A study of the factors affecting image quality and x-ray sensitivity of
      ionography and xeroradiography is presented. First, the relative charge
      sensitivities (nC/cm2mR) are compared. It is shown that high pressure xenon (10
      atm cm) as used in ionography produces more than 2.5--3.5 times more charge than
      the selenium layers used in xeroradiography for the same x-ray exposure. The
      influence of development time and toner deposition on the appearance of images is
      investigated theoretically and experimentally. A parameter describing development
      sensitivity is proposed. It is shown that an increase in development sensitivity
      (ODcm2/nC) with increasing development time is accompanied by a loss in edge
      enhancement. The development sensitivity of ionography is about twice that
      typical of xeroradiography. This makes the total sensitivity (OD/mR) or the
      ionography process more than 4.5--6.5 times that of xeroradiography. The total
      sensitivity of ionography is about 1/2 that of par speed film screen
      combinations.

PMID- 6446679
TI  - [Backache in the thoracic spine].

PMID- 6446680
TI  - [Medical check-ups in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Eight year's experience indicates that medical check-ups in childhood have found
      a firm place in preventive medicine. The purpose of the examinations, the number
      of participants and the efficiency are dealt with and the importance of
      proceeding specifically emphasized. The special problems of early recognition of
      diseases which may lead to disability or chronic disease, e.g. cerebral motor
      disturbances, psychic handicaps, disturbances of vision, hearing and speech, and
      disorders of the hip joint are discussed. From the knowledge of risk factors,
      early symptoms and course of the disease, and the optimal beginning of treatment
      of each disease, the main point of attack for each age group emerges. An
      informative and instructive discussion with the parents is indispensable.
      Interdisciplinary cooperation is to be aimed at.

PMID- 6446681
TI  - Mutagenesis at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci in haploid UV-sensitive strains of
      Neurospora crassa. I. Development of isogenic strains and spontaneous mutability.
AB  - 7 different mutations that confer sensitivity to inactivation by ultraviolet
      light have been investigated for their effect on spontaneous mutation at the ad
      3A and ad-3B loci in haploid strains of Neurospora crassa. The collection and
      development of strains isogenic to wild-type 74A is described as well as
      experiments to determine the effects of each mutation on the spontaneous ad-3
      mutation frequency. 6 of the strains showed spontaneous ad-3 mutant frequencies
      not significantly different from the wild-type strain. Strain uvs-3 is highly
      mutable spontaneously with marked variation from experiment to experiment; the
      mean mutation frequency in this strain in about 40-fold higher than that found in
      the wild-type strain.

PMID- 6446682
TI  - Mutagenesis at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci in haploid UV-sensitive strains of
      Neurospora crassa. II. Comparison of dose-response curves for inactivation and
      mutation induced by UV.
AB  - UV-induced inactivation and induction of mutations at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci of
      Neurospora crassa have been compared among 7 different UV-sensitive strains and a
      standard wild-type strain. The 7 strains show varying degrees of sensitivity to
      UV-induced inactivation, with the relative sensitivity being: uvs-2 greater than
      uvs-3 greater than uvs-4 greater than uvs-6 greater than upr-1 greater uvs-5
      greater than uvs-1. Studies on the induction of ad-3 mutants by UV show that the
      2 excision-repair deficient mutants uvs-2 and upr-1 exhibit enhanced ad-3 mutant
      frequencies, while uvs-4 and uvs-5 exhibit reduced ad-3 mutant frequencies, and
      uvs-3 completely eliminates UV mutagenesis. The ad-3 mutation-induction curves
      obtained with uvs-1 or uvs-6 are not significantly different from that found with
      the wild-type strain.

PMID- 6446683
TI  - Current concepts in immunology: Regulation of the immune response--inducer and
      suppressor T-lymphocyte subsets in human beings.

PMID- 6446684
TI  - In vivo cyclic change in B-lymphocyte susceptibility to T-cell control.
AB  - The humoral response to hapten-protein conjugates is an invaluable model for
      dissecting the cellular elements of lymphocyte cooperation, and the Mitchison
      secondary adoptive transfer system provides convincing evidence of cooperation
      between hapten-specific B cells and carrier-specific T cells in the production of
      anti-hapten antibody. Recently, attention has focused on the role of suppressor T
      cells in the regulation of antibody production. Several workers have shown that
      carrier-priming may, in some instances, suppress a subsequent hapten antibody
      response, both in vivo and in vitro. This effect is attributed to a suppressor T
      cell population, generated during the initial phase of the immune response.
      Gershon and co-workers have postulated that such suppressor T cells function in a
      feedback regulatory loop to limit the duration of an immune response. We have
      examined the suppressive effect of carrier immunization in a secondary anti
      hapten response in vivo and demonstrate a cyclic change in susceptibility of
      memory B cells to T-help and suppression. Such variation presents a severe
      restriction to any model of feedback control by suppressor T cells.

PMID- 6446685
TI  - Phenylketonuria: clinical and experimental considerations revealed by the use of
      animal models.
AB  - Phenylketonuria is a genetic defect that leads to imbecility, if the diagnosis is
      not made directly after birth. Since the development of imbecility can be almost
      totally halted by suitable dietary treatment, phenylketonuria is of more interest
      to neurochemists than to clinicians. This genetic defect is not known to occur in
      aminals. It is therefore necessary to develop suitable models for neurochemical
      analysis. Most successful is the simultaneous application to developing rats of
      alpha-methyl-phenylalanine (an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase), together
      with phenylalanine. With this treatment it is possible to induce changes in the
      central nervous system which are surprisingly similar to those found in patients
      with phenylketonuria. This model is therefore of great importance in the analyses
      of the disturbances of metabolism, which finally causes the severe defects in
      normal brain function.

PMID- 6446686
TI  - Effect of 2-nicotinamidethyl nitrate (SG-75) on the membrane potential of left
      atrial muscle fibres of the dog. Increase in potassium conductance.

PMID- 6446687
TI  - Renal function and mercury level in rats with mercuric chloride nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The levels of Hg++ in different subcellular compartments of rat kidney cortex
      were determined after a single subcutaneous injection of 203HgCl2, 4.7 mg/kg body
      weight. By 30 min after injection, cortical Hg++ level was 46.3 +/- 6.8
      micrograms/g protein. A maximal cortical Hg++ value of 429 +/- 49 micrograms/g
      protein was reached 4 h after injection. Hg++ associated with the brush border
      membrane showed a progressive increase during the first 15 h after injection, but
      at each time interval was significantly less than cortical Hg++. The 45-hour
      values for cortex and brush border were equivalent. No evidence for the presence
      in plasma or kidney tissue of free Hg++ was obtained. Saline loading protected
      animals against the development of renal failure and resulted in significant
      lowering of cortical Hg++ levels without an effect on blood Hg++ concentration.

PMID- 6446688
TI  - [Progress in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the nervous system.
      Selected problems].

PMID- 6446689
TI  - [Case of juvenile form of Huntington chorea].
AB  - The authors describe a man aged 22 years with signs of parkinsonian syndrome and
      evidence of slight mental retardation besides an evident hereditary background of
      Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 6446690
TI  - Effect of serotonin-releasing drugs on serum corticosterone concentration in
      rats.
AB  - (+/-)p-Chloroamphetamine hydrochloride, at doses of 1-8 mg/kg i.p. in rats,
      caused a dose-related increase in serum corticosterone concentration. The
      increase occurred rapidly, within 30 min, and was over within 4 h. Evidence that
      the increase was mediated by serotonin release consisted of the following
      findings: (1) a similar increase did not occur with (+/-)o-chloroamphetamine or
      (+/-)p-chloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, analogs of p-chloroamphetamine lacking its
      ability to deplete serotonin; (2) the increase was prevented by prior treatment
      with p-chlorophenylalanine, which reduced the brain stores of serotonin available
      for release by p-chloroamphetamine; (3) the increase was prevented by prior
      treatment with fluoxetine, an inhibitor of the uptake pump on serotonin neurons,
      which blocks serotonin release by p-chloroamphetamine, and (4) the increase was
      mimicked by fenfluramine and norfenfluramine, agents known to release brain
      serotonin in a manner similar to the action of p-chloroamphetamine. These
      findings strengthen earlier evidence that brain serotonin neurons have a
      stimulatory influence on pituitary-adrenocortical function in rats.

PMID- 6446691
TI  - Failure of aminooxyacetic acid therapy in Huntington disease.
AB  - Seven patients with Huntington disease were treated with aminooxyacetic acid
      (AOAA), an inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-T), in an
      effort to alleviate symptoms by increasing brain GABA content. AOAA was given
      orally in a placebo-controlled crossover trial in which patients, relatives, and
      three of the evaluating physicians remained blind. Toxic symptoms occurred in all
      seven patients when AOAA dosage was increased beyond 2 mg per kilogram per day,
      and included drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, and psychotic behavior. In five
      patients who took AOAA for 4 months, no clinical improvement was observed.
      Biochemical monitoring showed that less inhibition of hepatic GABA-T enzyme
      activity was achieved than in patients treated with large doses of isoniazid.
      Results of this trial neither support nor exclude the possible therapeutic
      usefulness of increasing brain GABA content in Huntington disease.

PMID- 6446692
TI  - [The significance of glycosaminoglycans in normal and pathological bile].
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidic substances have been sought in the bile of normal gall
      bladders, lithiasic gallbladders and choledocic bile. The quantity of
      glycosaminoglycanes is much higher in lithogenous than in normal bile, but these
      substances are but scantily represented in coledochic bile. The significance of
      glycosaminoglycanes in the lithogenous process is discussed.

PMID- 6446693
TI  - The prevalence of physical disability: preliminary results of a Wellington
      survey.
AB  - To estimate the number of physically disabled persons in Wellington a 10 percent
      random sample of households and institutions in the Wellington Hospital Board
      area was surveyed. There was a high response rate and from the results it has
      been established that the overall prevalence of physical disability in the
      population aged five years and over is 87.3 (+/- 4.2) per 1000. For persons
      living in the community (that is, excluding those in residential or hospital
      care) the rate of disability is 82.7 (+/- 3.5) per 1000. The rate of handicapping
      disability in the community is 41.3 (+/- 2.5) per 1000. The main disabling
      conditions most frequently reported were arthritis and deafness.

PMID- 6446694
TI  - [Advisory office on human genetics at the Central Public Health Office Bremen--a
      provisional balance (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446695
TI  - [Significance of local bacterial and antibiotic sensitivity registers for initial
      chemotherapy and rational antibiotic policy (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446696
TI  - [On the problem of an epidemiological relation between the incidence of
      Salmonella in dog and man (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446697
TI  - [Fields of activity of the "Ing. (grad.)" in environmental and industrial hygiene
      technology within the framework of the Public Health Office (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446698
TI  - [From anamnesis to diagnosis in male lung cancer patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446699
TI  - [Parasitological aspects of sewage sludge deposits (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446700
TI  - Terylene implant for enucleation and eviseration: a long-term follow-up.
AB  - A terylene implant, to which the tissues can be sutured directly, has been used
      after enucleation and evisceration since 1958. An advantage is that it can be
      implanted in the orbit as a secondary procedure some time after enucleation. It
      is easy to insert, gives fair motility and is well tolerated. It is a
      satisfactory implant for routine use.

PMID- 6446701
TI  - [Sulfatases of human spermatozoa].

PMID- 6446702
TI  - [Plasma androgens in women with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6446703
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of botulism in children in the past few
      years].

PMID- 6446704
TI  - [Work of a specialized unit for children with allergic dermatitis].

PMID- 6446705
TI  - [Anesthesiological viewpoints of ambulatory dental care of cerebrally handicapped
      children].

PMID- 6446706
TI  - [Mesenteric-caval anastomosis with the use of prosthesis].

PMID- 6446707
TI  - Lateral meningocele and defect of abdominal wall.
AB  - A case of lateral meningocele associated with deficiency of the thoraco-abdominal
      wall is reported. It is suggested that both of these defects are due to
      interference with the development of the paraxial mesoderm by a single injury.

PMID- 6446708
TI  - [Centralized control of the condition of patients with urogenital tuberculosis].

PMID- 6446709
TI  - [Organizational restructuring of tuberculosis prevention work in the Belorussian
      SSR].

PMID- 6446710
TI  - Calcium translocation mechanism in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, deduced from
      location studies of protein-bound spin labels.
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were exposed to various thiol-directed spin
      labels, and the position of the label on the inner or outer vesicle surface was
      investigated as a function of the ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase; ATP
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) chemical state. Previous measurements of label
      accessibility to externally added ascorbate had been considered to suggest an
      external-internal transition of protein-bound labels, coupled with ion
      translocation [Tonomura, Y. & Morales, M.F. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71,
      3687-3691]. We show that these ascorbate studies do not lead to convincing
      conclusions. We demonstrate, on the contrary, that transition ions (nickel and
      ferricyanide) can be used as selective line-broadening agents for the signals
      arising from external labels. No significant difference in nickel- or
      ferricyanide-label interaction can be attributed to a different orientation of
      the label in any of the enzyme chemical states tested. Our results therefore
      contradict the current interpretation of ascorbate quenching experiments in terms
      of calcium ATPase rotatory motion; rather they are consistent with ion transport
      models involving only limited conformational rearrangements of the pump.

PMID- 6446711
TI  - Multiple methylation in processing of sensory signals during bacterial
      chemotaxis.
AB  - The multiple banding pattern on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide electrophoresis of a
      subset of the signal transduction proteins involved in bacterial chemotaxis has
      been shown to be caused by multiple methylation of a single gene product. At
      least four methyl groups are introduced per molecule of the sensing membrane
      protein to give a total of five bands. The separation of the bands appears to
      correspond to a Mr difference of 1500, probably caused by the binding of
      different amounts of DodSO4 molecules as carboxyl groups are modified. Multiple
      methylation, similar to multiple phosphorylation in other systems, appears to
      offer advantages in control and sensory processing.

PMID- 6446712
TI  - DNA sequence of regulatory region for integration gene of bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - The cII and cIII proteins specified by bacteriophage lambda direct the lysogenic
      response to infection through the coordinate establishment of repression and
      integration of the viral DNA. The regulatory activity of cII/cIII involves
      positive regulation of two promoter sites: the p(E) promoter, turning on
      expression of the cI protein that maintains lysogeny, and the p(I) promoter,
      activating synthesis of the Int protein for integrative recombination. Regulation
      of the p(I) promoter provides for differential expression of the Int protein with
      respect to the excision-specific Xis protein from the closely linked int and xis
      genes. We have determined the DNA sequence of the p(I) promoter region for wild
      type lambda DNA and for two classes of mutations: intc mutations, which result in
      a high rate of Int synthesis in the absence of cII, and deletion mutations, some
      of which eliminate cII-activated expression of the int gene. We find a sequence
      with considerable homology (11 of 15 bases) to a "typical" (computer-generated)
      promoter sequence, adjacent to a region with striking homology (11 of 14 bases)
      to part of the p(E) promoter region. This presumed p(I) sequence overlaps the
      start of the xis gene and includes the site of two intc point mutations. A cII
      insensitive xis(+) deletion partially removes the proposed p(I) sequence; a
      deletion that leaves the p(I) sequence intact but terminates 21 bases upstream
      does not interfere with cII activation of the int gene. From our results and the
      analysis of the p(E) region, we suggest that cII acts in the promoter -35
      recognition region to facilitate binding by RNA polymerase at the -10 interaction
      region. Differential expression of the int and xis genes results because the p(I)
      transcript lacks the initiation codon for Xis protein synthesis.

PMID- 6446713
TI  - Site-specific recombination functions of bacteriophage lambda: DNA sequence of
      regulatory regions and overlapping structural genes for Int and Xis.
AB  - Site-specific recombination in bacteriophage lambda is mediated by two phage
      encoded proteins, Int and Xis. The structural genes encoding these proteins are
      located immediately to the right of their site of action, the phage att site. The
      DNA sequence for both the structural and regulatory regions of these genes has
      been determined. The location and reading frame of the xis gene were ascertained
      by sequence comparisons with the b538 deletion (that ends within xis) and with
      the xis6 amber mutation. From the DNA sequence Xis has a molecular weight of
      8630; it is rich in basic amino acids with lysine and arginine comprising 25% of
      the 72 amino acids. Identification of the int reading frame was also unambiguous.
      From the DNA sequence, Int has a molecular weight of 40,330; of the 356 amino
      acids, 69 are basic and 46 are acidic. In the NH(2)-terminal portion of Int, 35%
      of the first 20 amino acids are basic. The site-specific recombination functions
      form a very tight cluster (att-int-xis) on the lambda chromosome. The combined
      protein-encoding sequences of xis and int start 1347 base pairs, and terminate 84
      base pairs, from the center of the phage att site. The two genes overlap one
      another by 20 base pairs (xis is upstream of int) and a possible means of
      controlling the relative synthesis rates of Int and Xis at the level of
      translation is proposed. Control at the level of transcription is also
      considered. The mutation intc226 leads to constitutive production of Int,
      independent of cII/cIII activator proteins normally required for transcription
      from the p(I) promoter. It is shown that this mutation is the result of a single
      base change (in the fMet codon of the xis gene) that generates an improved
      promoter heptamer sequence. This result, in conjunction with comparisons with
      other promoter sequences and other sequences responding to cII/cIII action, leads
      to a tentative identification of the p(I) promoter and site of cII/cIII action.

PMID- 6446714
TI  - Increased ATP inhibition of liver phosphofructokinase from genetically diabetic
      mice.
AB  - Phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.11) was partially purified from the livers of genetically diabetic mice
      (C57BL/KsJ-db) and their lean littermates (C57BL/KsJ). These genetically diabetic
      mice have been shown to be hyperglucagonemic and to exhibit symptoms resembling
      those of maturity-onset diabetes in humans. Two isoenzymes of phosphofructokinase
      were obtained after DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of extracts of livers from
      either normal or diabetic animals. One of these isozymes, peak II, from the
      genetically diabetic mice was shown to be more sensitive to ATP inhibition at
      physiological pH than the peak II isozyme from the normal animals. In addition,
      the peak II isozyme from the diabetic mice exhibited decreased affinity for
      fructose 6-phosphate. The altered kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase from
      diabetic animals are markedly similar to those recently reported for liver
      phosphofructokinase isolated from normal animals after glucagon treatment. Our
      results suggest that increased glucagon levels in diabetes may lead to altered
      regulation of phosphofructokinase in this disease.

PMID- 6446715
TI  - Stimulatory effect of low ATP pools on transport of purine nucleosides in cells
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cells of Escherichia coli contain two nucleoside-transport systems. Energy
      starved cells of a strain containing only one of these systems and, in addition,
      carrying a mutation in the Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase
      3.6.1.3) are still able to transport nucleosides. The rate is only slightly lower
      than the rate measured in unstarved cells. Freshly harvested uncA cells transport
      purine nucleosides at a higher rate than cells from the isogenic strain
      containing a functional ATPase. If cells from the latter strain are treated with
      arsenate, transport rates increase to the same levels as found in uncA cells. The
      presence of an uncA mutation has no effect on the transport rates for cytidine,
      deoxycytidine, and uridine, nor has arsenate treatment. These findings indicate
      that ATP is not required as energy donor for nucleoside transport. The enhanced
      transport rate for purine nucleosides after treatment with arsenate seems to
      suggest a regulatory relationship between the transport of these nucleosides and
      the cellular levels of ATP or a closely related metabolite.

PMID- 6446716
TI  - Recognition of duplex DNA containing single-stranded regions by recA protein.
AB  - Genetic recombination in Escherichia coli requires recA protein, the product of
      the recA+ gene. In this paper we show that purified recA protein, which binds
      strongly to denatured DNA, cooperatively recognizes DNA containing short single
      stranded regions. The interaction of varying amounts of recA protein with DNA
      molecules was investigated by measuring its DNA-dependent ATPase activity. In 3mM
      Mg2+, the ATPase activity was stimulated by excess single-stranded DNA and was
      minimal with either intact circular or blunt-ended linear duplexes. Single-strand
      gaps of about 30 nucleotides were sufficient to increase the ATPase activity to a
      level almost as great as that observed with single-stranded DNA. Sedimentation
      studies at neutral pH showed cooperative binding of recA protein to single
      stranded DNA or to duplex DNA containing single-stranded regions. In the presence
      of ATP, an intermediate rate of sedimentation was observed; in contrast,
      adenosine 5'-gamma-thiotriphosphate (ATP[S]) caused the formation of fast
      sedimenting DNA-protein complexes. Gapped plasmid DNA plus recA protein and
      ATP[S] formed large aggregates containing thousands of molecules. Complex
      formation and stimulation of the ATPase activity of recA protein with duplex DNA
      containing single-stranded regions indicates that recA protein may change the
      conformation of the normally duplex molecules to a conformation prepared for
      homologous pairing.

PMID- 6446717
TI  - DNA sequence encoding the NH2-terminal peptide involved in transport of lambda
      receptor, an Escherichia coli secretory protein.
AB  - lamB encodes the lambda receptor of Escherichia coli, an outer membrane protein.
      We have identified the beginning of the lamB gene by correlating DNA nucleotide
      sequence with a partial sequence of the primary translation product of lamB. We
      show that lambda receptor is synthesized as a precursor containing an extra 25
      amino acids at its NH2 terminus. These amino acids are predominately hydrophobic
      and probably comprise a structure required for initiation of transport of lambda
      receptor from the cytoplasm to the outer membrane.

PMID- 6446718
TI  - Integration of bacteriophage Mu at host chromosomal replication forks during
      lytic development.
AB  - The target site for bacteriophage Mu integration in a lytic cycle of infection
      was investigated. DNA synthesis in five Hfr strains of Escherichia coli K-12 was
      synchronized by amino acid starvation and was allowed to proceed for 0, 8, or 15
      min before infection. The Hfr cells were then infected with Mu and were
      subsequently mated with nonimmune F- recipient cells. Mating was interrupted
      mechanically at 5-min intervals and samples were assayed for infective centers.
      Conjugal transfer of Mu was delayed in Hfr strains that have transfer origins 15
      map units or more from the E. coli replication origin, and the delays increased
      as the distance between an Hfr point of origin and the replication origin
      increased. When a gene A mutant of Mu was used for the infection, no infective
      centers were generated. Infection with a gene B mutant resulted in infective
      center formation only after long periods of mating. These data are most
      consistent with a model in which infecting Mu DNA or its progeny integrate at
      host chromosomal replication forks.

PMID- 6446719
TI  - T-T hybridoma product specifically suppresses tumor immunity.
AB  - Culture supernatants of spleen or thymus cells from BALB/c mice bearing
      transplanted, syngeneic, methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas suppress T
      lymphocyte-mediated lysis of cells from the tumor borne by the donor of the
      spleen or thymus cells. On this basis, we hybridized thymus cells from mice
      bearing sarcoma MCA-1490 with cells from the T lymphoma BW5147. The hybrids
      (hybridomas) formed were tested for production of factors that could suppress T
      lymphocyte-mediated lysis of MCA-1490 cells. One hybridoma, and a clone derived
      from it, produced factors that suppressed the lysis of MCA-1490 cells in vitro.
      In addition, these factors enhanced the growth of MCA-1490 in immune mice and
      prevented the destruction of MCA-1490 cells by immune lymphocytes in tumor
      neutralization (Winn) assays. In vitro lysis of cells from another MCA-induced
      sarcoma by immune lymphocytes was not suppressed. The suppressor factors did not
      affect the proliferative response of BALB/c lymphocytes to mitogens or the
      generation of a cytotoxic response to C57BL/6 alloantigens. Neither did they
      inhibit the generation of primary or secondary cytotoxic responses to murine
      leukemia virus-related antigens present on a BALB/c lymphoma line, LSTRA.
      Although our findings suggest that these suppressor factors are specific for MCA
      1490, their specificity for antigens restricted to this tumor needs further
      definition.

PMID- 6446720
TI  - The participation of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Factor XI) in contact
      activated fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6446721
TI  - The effect of lithium on strophanthidin toxicity in cardiac Purkinje fibers.

PMID- 6446722
TI  - Serotonergic involvement in neuroendocrine function.

PMID- 6446723
TI  - Role of biogenic amines in opioid peptide-induced secretion of pituitary
      hormones.

PMID- 6446724
TI  - Central and peripheral 5-HT uptake in rats treated chronically with femoxetine,
      paroxetine, and chlorimipramine.

PMID- 6446725
TI  - Treatment of low back strain with electromyographic biofeedback and relaxation
      training.

PMID- 6446726
TI  - Beliefs, attitudes and expectations of mothers concerning their handicapped
      children in Ile--Ife, Nigeria.

PMID- 6446727
TI  - [Schwannoma of the facial nerve, with intratemporal development].

PMID- 6446728
TI  - [Aspects of radiological investigation of the Eustachian tube].

PMID- 6446729
TI  - [Cricopharyngeal myotomy in the treatment of cervical dysphagias].

PMID- 6446730
TI  - [Current clinical and therapeutical aspects of tuberculous laryngitis].

PMID- 6446731
TI  - [Our experience in the treatment of suffocating laryngo-tracheobronchitis in
      children].

PMID- 6446732
TI  - [Laryngotracheal cicatricial stenosis in children].

PMID- 6446733
TI  - [Theory concerning the morphogenesis of the maxillary sinuses].

PMID- 6446734
TI  - [Current problems concerning the indications for surgical approach to the
      internal auditory canal in some otoneurological diseases].

PMID- 6446735
TI  - [Aspects of anethesia management in ORL surgical practice].

PMID- 6446736
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of otitis media and adenoid vegetations].

PMID- 6446737
TI  - [Drug-induced pseudolymphoma].

PMID- 6446738
TI  - [Hyperthropic osteoarthropathy associated to hepatic cirrhosis. Contribution to a
      new case and review of the literature].

PMID- 6446739
TI  - Catalytic sites of mitochondrial ATPase with different properties. Effect of
      citrate, free ATP and ADP in the presence of dithionite.
AB  - The extent of stimulation of the hydrolytic activity of mitochondrial ATPase by
      the reducing agent dithionite has been found to depend on substrate concentration
      both for the membrane bound enzyme and for the isolated and purified F1ATPase.
      The results suggest the existence of three catalytic sites differing in their
      standard reduction potential. The activating effect of free ATP on the hydrolytic
      activity of rat liver F1-ATPase has been found to be more pronounced on the
      reduced form of the enzyme. On the contrary, the inhibitory effect of ADP was
      higher on the oxidized form of F1-ATPase. Citrate has also been found to be an
      inhibitor of F1-ATPase; its effect was more pronounced on the reduced form of the
      enzyme, and exhibited a competitive pattern of inhibition with respect to free
      ATP. The results obtained have been interpreted in the sense that free ATP and
      ADP may be modifying the standard reduction potential of the enzyme, and suggest
      the existence of three independent redox cycles in ATPase governed by the
      exchange of ADP and Pi for the newly synthesized ATP.

PMID- 6446740
TI  - Students on wheels.

PMID- 6446741
TI  - Role of cardiac myosin light chains in calcium binding and ATPase activity.

PMID- 6446742
TI  - Physiological versus pathological myocardial hypertrophy.

PMID- 6446743
TI  - Effect of thyrotoxicosis and recovery on myocardial protein balance.
AB  - Thyroid hormone, given in vivo or in vitro, exerts an anabolic effect on the
      heart. The hypertrophy that is produced by daily thyroxine injections in vivo is
      mediated primarily by an increase in protein synthesis. The changes in protein
      balance seem to be mediated at least in part by a direct action of thyroid
      hormone on heart cells, independent of secondary changes in hemodynamic or
      neurohumoral factors (although these might well contribute to the final effects
      in vivo, of course). The cardiac catabolism that accompanies regression of
      thyroxine-induced hypertrophy is characterized by a marked reduction in protein
      synthesis, not by an acceleration of protein breakdown.

PMID- 6446744
TI  - Turnover rates and synthesis of cardiac structural proteins in normal and
      hypertrophied heart.
AB  - Turnover rates and synthesis of cardiac structural proteins were studied in
      normal and hypertrophied rabbit heart. The order of incorporation rates of
      radioactive lysine in normal heart was: left ventricular greater than right
      ventricular greater than atrial greater than skeletal myosin B. In left
      ventricular muscle, the order of relative turnover rates of structural proteins
      was: native tropomyosin greater than the complex of 10 S-actinin and alpha
      actinin greater than myosin heavy chain greater than myosin light chain greater
      than (soluble protein) greater than actin. After aortic constriction (to three
      fourths of its original circumference), the rates of incorporation of radioactive
      lysine into each structural protein fraction increased, reaching a peak on the
      7th day. The values returned to the levels of the normal group after 1 month. It
      was noted that the increase of incorporation into native tropomyosin was greater
      than the other structural proteins 7 days after constriction.

PMID- 6446745
TI  - Collagen and muscle protein synthesis during cardiac hypertrophy in the dog.
AB  - The fractional synthesis rates of collagen and noncollagen protein in the right
      ventricle of the dog have been measured during hypertrophy after pulmonary artery
      stenosis. The synthesis rates of noncollagen protein were the same using a
      continuous infusion of either [14C]tyrosine or [14C]proline, and increased from
      7.6% per day in the normal ventricle to 13.6% per day after 1 day of stenosis.
      This level was maintained at 5 days, but by 12 days stenosis had declined to near
      normal values. The increase in synthesis rate could almost entirely account for
      the increase in mass of the right ventricle (83%) that occurred after 24 days of
      hypertrophy. The synthesis rate of collagen in the normal myocardium was very
      slow, 0.64% per day, but after 5 days of hypertrophy increased sixfold to 4.0%
      per day, and was still elevated after 12 days of hypertrophy.

PMID- 6446746
TI  - Synthesis and enzymatic properties of myosin from hypertrophied and failing
      hearts: difference in behavior of right and left ventricular free walls and
      interventricular septum.

PMID- 6446747
TI  - Enzymatic activities, activation by actin, and synthesis of cardiac atrial
      myosin: distinctive enzymatic properties compared with cardiac ventricular
      myosin.
AB  - ATPase activity and synthesis of atrial and ventricular myosin were compared in
      the dog and rabbit heart. Atrial myosin showed enzymatic properties characterized
      by high Ca2+- and Mg2+-activated ATPase activities, low activation energy, lower
      rate of inactivation at alkaline pH, and no activation by N-ethylmalemide
      compared with the same properties in ventricular myosin. These findings suggest a
      difference in the myosin molecule at or near the active site involfing the SH-1
      thiols. Also, actin activation of ATPase activities was studied to determine the
      physiological significance of this observation, since, in living muscle cell,
      MgATP is hydrolyzed by myosin under the activating effect of actin. Actin
      extracted from skeletal muscle was used in this experiment. Vmax for the actin
      activated Mg2+-ATPase of atrial myosin was about twice that of ventricular
      myosin, whereas no significant difference was observed in the apparent
      dissociation constant for actin. This result suggests that the change in the
      enzymatic properties of myosin is reflected in the contractility of atrial and
      ventricular muscles. However, [3H]leucine incorporation into the myosin was
      approximately the same, suggesting that the difference in work load between
      atrium and ventricle is not associated with alteration of synthesis of cardiac
      myosin.

PMID- 6446748
TI  - [Fluid dynamic studies on surgical relief of outflow tract stenosis in congenital
      heart diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446749
TI  - Identification of transducer defect in respiratory impedance measurements by
      forced random noise. Correction of experimental data.
AB  - The measurement of respiratory impedance by means of the forced oscillations
      technique depends on the frequency response of various measurement devices:
      pressure transducers, flowmeter, filters, etc. In the range of frequencies where
      measurements were done (0--100 Hz) it is difficult to have the same response
      (amplitude and phase) for mouth pressure and flow transducers. It is possible to
      identify the relative frequency response of both devices. This can be done by
      comparison of measurements made on a well-defined mechanical system with a
      theoretical model representing this system. The method also avoids separate
      frequency calibrations of pressure and flow. Its validity depends only on the
      accuracy of the model of impedance of the standard system used.

PMID- 6446750
TI  - Characterization and validation of forced input method for respiratory impedance
      measurement.
AB  - We have studied the effect of spontaneous breathing on the measurement of total
      respiratory impedance by the oscillation method, that is using forced random
      pressure input. Free breathing of the subject induces parasite signals on the
      pressure and flow measured at the mouth. These induced random signals are
      correlated through a loudspeaker box with side tubing and flowmeter impedance.
      The respiratory impedance of the subject, calculated by the cross-power spectrum
      method, is shown to be systematically biased. This bias is obvious in a
      calculation model, experimentally verified by an analogue electrical experiment.
      The validity of the method depends on the respiratory noise level which affects
      the correlation between the forced pressure input and related flow output. The
      impedance of the apparatus should thus be minimized in order to decrease the
      respiratory noise. In this manner, the bias would be shifted to lower frequencies
      and the accuracy of the measurement near the resonant frequency of the
      respiratory system would be improved.

PMID- 6446751
TI  - [Etiology of ankylosing spondylitis in the light of recent studies].

PMID- 6446752
TI  - [Cutaneous bacterial infections in the neonatal period].

PMID- 6446753
TI  - [Efficacy of preventive measures and care].

PMID- 6446754
TI  - [Report of a survey of blind and deaf French-speaking Swiss children completed in
      1977-1978].

PMID- 6446755
TI  - Prognostic value of postextrasystolic potentiation in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - To assess the functional reserve of left ventricle and appreciate prognosis in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) showing ventricular premature
      beats, the systolic time intervals (STI) and the apexcardiogram (ACG) were
      determined in sinus rhythm and at the first postextrasystolic beat in 30 patients
      with AMI (12 mens, 18 women, average age 49 years), distributed into the first
      three functional classes (Killip), 10 in each class. Location of AMI was anterior
      in 21 cases, inferior in 1 and anteroinferior in 8. At the first
      postextrasystolic beat, class III patients showed a lengthening of PEP interval
      and increase of the PEP/LVET ratio, compared to those in initial sinus rhythm,
      thus indicating an absence of potentiation; ACG tracings in the same group
      revealed a lengthening of isovolumic relaxation time (IRT). In classes I and II,
      both the STI measurement and ACG data indicated the presence of potentiation at
      the first postextrasystolic beat, manifested by PEP shortening and decrease of
      PEP/LVET ratio, as well as by a reduction of IRT. Of the patients in classes I
      and II, only one developed heart failure, while of class III patients, 4 died of
      heart failure within one year and 3 showed cardiogenic shock on admission. The
      absence of potentiation in the latter category (with congestive heart failure) is
      interpreted as a sign of severe prognosis for the subsequent course and outcome
      of AMI.

PMID- 6446756
TI  - [Functional backache].
AB  - Although functional pain must be accepted as a fact by the patient and his
      physician, the relevant somatic investigation is indicated. The localization of
      musculoskeletal pain always corresponds to intensified local strain on the
      locomotor system. By instruction regarding the connection of pain with strain the
      patient learns to keep his functional pains within tolerable limits by active
      control of the loads and stresses on his own body. Aggressive diagnostic or
      therapeutic measures often increase the problem.

PMID- 6446757
TI  - Right atrial enlargement--cardiac imaging.

PMID- 6446758
TI  - Objective and self-assessed health in the old and very old.

PMID- 6446759
TI  - Neuropathologic correlation of computerized tomography in Huntington's disease.
AB  - CT has proved a useful adjunct to the clinical examination in the differential
      diagnosis of chorea in adults. The CT abnormalities in cases of Huntington's
      disease are compared with those of a pathologically verified case of Huntington's
      disease cut in the CT scan plane of tomography. Relative measurements of caudate
      atrophy on CT agree well with atrophic processes noted neuropathologically.

PMID- 6446760
TI  - [Effect of sociobiological factors on child morbidity in the 1st 7 years of
      life].

PMID- 6446761
TI  - [Primary disability dynamics among the state farm workers and employees of
      Krasnodar Territory].

PMID- 6446762
TI  - [Activities of the Party organizations and population of the northern Caucasus in
      rendering aid to the wounded in the years of World War II].

PMID- 6446763
TI  - [The School of Medicine of Baku (Azerbaijan) University and the role of Russian
      scientists in founding and developing higher medical education and medical
      science in Soviet Azerbaijan (on the 60th anniversary of the formation of the
      Azerbaijani SSR)].

PMID- 6446764
TI  - [Experience in organizing stomatological prosthodontic care for the rural
      population].

PMID- 6446766
TI  - [1st medical institute of Uzbekistan].

PMID- 6446765
TI  - [Methodological approaches to using a screening system for demographic
      assessments and prognoses].

PMID- 6446767
TI  - [Progress in the development of the "Public Health" automatic management system
      for the Uzbek SSR].

PMID- 6446768
TI  - [Medical support for patients with chronic diseases].

PMID- 6446769
TI  - [Problems of placing, utilizing and training paramedical personnel in the
      Armenian SSR].

PMID- 6446771
TI  - [Tashkent Medical Institute].

PMID- 6446770
TI  - [Development of Soviet public health in Chuvashia over the 60 years of autonomy].

PMID- 6446772
TI  - Factors influencing occupational back pain in Bedfordshire.
AB  - This paper reports on a pilot study of occupational back pain among a sample of
      68 men aged 16 to 65 years in the North Bedfordshire Health District, England. In
      a multidisciplinary appraoch, measurements of 126 variables for each case were
      made. It was found that driving high mileages was a significant factor affecting
      both occurrence and location of pain. Certain personality factors were also
      significant.

PMID- 6446773
TI  - The lumbar shield: a progress report.
AB  - The lumbar shield is a silicone implant designed to prevent postoperative
      perineural adhesions, indicate a recurrent intervertebral disc rupture,
      facilitate further surgery at that level, and aid in the postoperative management
      of the patient. Over three years it has been implanted in 123 experimental
      patients. There are 83 control patients. Statistical analysis of the results
      indicates that for the first three months, those patients with the lumbar shield
      had less postoperative pain. The diagnosis of a recurrent lumbar disc rupture on
      lateral lumbar spine radiographs is illustrated. The ease of secondary surgery
      for a recurrent lumbar disc rupture is emphasized. The value of the lumbar shield
      in postoperative management is discussed, especially in the workmen's
      compensation/medicolegal groups. One conclusion is that the frequency of multiple
      secondary surgical procedures on patients with unsatisfactory initial results
      could be reduced by the use of the lumbar shield.

PMID- 6446774
TI  - Dry needling of muscle motor points for chronic low-back pain: a randomized
      clinical trial with long-term follow-up.

PMID- 6446775
TI  - Low-back pain and sciatica following total hip replacement: a report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two cases of low-back pain and sciatica following total hip replacement are
      reported. Both patients were operated upon and after lumbar decompression were
      free of pain. A theory is presented to suggest that the lengthening of the limb
      after total hip replacement puts excess tension on the spinal nerves and, in
      conjunction with preexisting degenerative disc disease, will precipitate low-back
      pain and sciatica.

PMID- 6446776
TI  - [Rhinophyma].

PMID- 6446777
TI  - [Surgical approach to dermolipectomy of the abdominal wall].

PMID- 6446778
TI  - A trial of spectinomycin hydrochloride compared with aqueous penicillin G plus
      kanamycin for treatment of severe pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - In a randomized, double-blind, comparative study, eight patients with severe
      pelvic inflammatory disease received intravenous spectinomycin hydrochloride (8 g
      per day), and nine received aqueous penicillin G (2.0 x 10(7) units per day, iv)
      plus kanamycin (1 g per day, im). Three patients assigned to spectinomycin had to
      have the therapy discontinued, two because of therapeutic failures and one
      because of an adverse reaction. None of the patients assigned to penicillin plus
      kanamycin needed cessation of treatment. Even though the differences were not
      statistically significant, the study was thus terminated.

PMID- 6446779
TI  - Evidence for local helper and suppressor function at the site of allograft
      rejection.

PMID- 6446780
TI  - Down syndrome, water fluoridation, and maternal age.
AB  - It has been claimed that there is a positive association between the frequency of
      Down syndrome and the fluoridation of drinking water. It has also been suggested
      that this association is most pronounced in young women. Recent congenital
      malformations data obtained from birth certificates from large U.S. cities have
      been analyzed. Some cities had fluoridated water supplies, while others had
      supplies deficient in fluoride. The rates of Down syndrome in the cities with
      fluoridated and in those with non-fluoridated water supplies were comparable. In
      addition, there was no indication of any maternal age-specific association.

PMID- 6446781
TI  - Subcellular distribution of mercury in the rat kidney cortex after exposure to
      mercuric chloride.

PMID- 6446782
TI  - Effect of a scorpion venom (Heterometrus fulvipes) on Mg2+ adenosine
      triphosphatase activity in the cockroach.

PMID- 6446783
TI  - [Urgent organizational problems of stomatological care in pediatric
      psychoneurological institutions].

PMID- 6446784
TI  - [Organization of an office for the balneological mud therapy of oral cavity
      diseases].

PMID- 6446785
TI  - [Dynamics of milk tooth replacement in children in the North].

PMID- 6446786
TI  - [In memoriam Iulii Klimet'evich Metlitskii].

PMID- 6446787
TI  - [History of the organization of the Azerbaijani Scientific Society of
      Stomatologists].

PMID- 6446788
TI  - Laparoscopy and minilaparotomy: two major advances in female sterilization.

PMID- 6446789
TI  - Allogeneic tolerance in embryo aggregation mouse chimeras studied by mixed
      lymphocyte culture and cell-mediated lympholysis.
AB  - Tolerance in embryo aggregation (EA) mouse chimeras was investigated using mixed
      lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). In most
      cases, spleen or lymph node cells from EA chimeras were specifically unresponsive
      toward their parental cells in both MLC and CML. There was no evidence to support
      the involvement of "serum-blocking factors" or suppressor cells under these
      experimental conditions. There was, however, an exceptional chimera in which
      cytotoxic T cell percursors reactive against one parental cell may have been
      present. We argue for classical clonal elimination being the primary mechanism
      for tolerance in EA chimeras and discuss a role of suppressor mechanisms for self
      tolerance.

PMID- 6446790
TI  - Momentum flux values at maximum flow rate in normal males.

PMID- 6446791
TI  - Clinical applications of momentum flux measurements with special reference to
      detrusor hyperreflexia and meatal stenosis.

PMID- 6446792
TI  - Review of fundamental urodynamics in children.
AB  - During the past three years, 190 children were seen with varied and mostly
      complicated urodynamic problems. Over 300 studies were performed. This experience
      prompted a reappraisal of fundamental urodynamic concepts pertinent to pediatric
      bladder disorders.

PMID- 6446793
TI  - Laparoscopy as a diagnostic aid in women with localized ureteral obstruction due
      to endometriosis.
AB  - Endometriosis is a common disease which can produce localized ureteral
      obstruction. Many women will have significant disease without any clinical signs
      or symptoms until they present with distal ureteral obstruction. In the reported
      literature, the diagnosis of ureteral involvement by endometriosis usually has
      been made at surgery. It is therefore suggested that women with distal ureteral
      obstruction not attributable to calculous disease undergo laparoscopy in an
      attempt to rule out endometriosis as the cause of ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 6446794
TI  - Pneumoscrotum after diagnostic peritonoscopy.
AB  - Peritonoscopy is a widely used procedure in diagnosis and surgery with few post
      procedural complications. We report a case in which pneumoscrotum occurred as a
      procedural complication of peritonoscopy. Anatomic considerations are considered.
      The condition resolves without therapy, and only patient reassurance is
      indicated.

PMID- 6446795
TI  - [Effect of UHF currents on the permeability of morphocycline].

PMID- 6446796
TI  - [Resistance and stress in the etiology and prevention of bronchopneumonia in
      swine].

PMID- 6446797
TI  - [State farm therapeutic health center].

PMID- 6446798
TI  - [Experience in the control of branchionecrosis of carp].

PMID- 6446799
TI  - [Farm complex microflora V and its antibiotic sensitivity].

PMID- 6446800
TI  - [Effect of morphocycline on intestinal enzymatic activity].

PMID- 6446801
TI  - Coordinated regulation of the cI and int genes in coliphage lambda and
      specificity of the cII/cIII activators.

PMID- 6446802
TI  - [ATPase activity and erythrocyte resistance after cryopreservation and leukocyte
      filtration].

PMID- 6446803
TI  - [Case of endocardial fibroma].

PMID- 6446804
TI  - [Effect of nicotinamide on the toxicity of strophanthin].

PMID- 6446805
TI  - [Trocar for perforation of the abdominal wall in ascites].

PMID- 6446806
TI  - [Allergic reaction to intravenous administration of ascorbic acid].

PMID- 6446807
TI  - [Attempt at definition of the "risk factors" in the incidence of lumbago].

PMID- 6446808
TI  - [The gynaecologist's view of lower back pain (author's transl)].
AB  - Pain is a sensation, "lower back" a vague anatomical term, and lower back pain no
      disease, but a multilayered symptom. Women with this condition usually first see
      the gynaecologist, but in only approximately 10% of these cases is the pain
      referable to disease of the genital organs. 90% are due to inflammatory or
      degenerative skeletal disease. The differential diagnosis of lower back pain
      requires knowledge of innervation. Head's or Mackenzie's zones, blood supply, and
      anatomy of the pelvic area. The effects of pregnancy on the sacroiliac joints,
      anomalies of positive adnexitis, endometriosis, weakness of the pelvic muscles
      and connective tissue as a result of trauma during childbirth or on a genetic
      basis, as well as psychosexual vasomotor alterations may play a causative role.
      Differentiating pointers and therapeutic methods are presented.

PMID- 6446809
TI  - [Demonstration of an erythropoiesis inhibiting factor with low molecular weight].
AB  - In saline incubation media of normal human erythrocytes after 20 hours at 37
      degrees C a factor is demonstrable which inhibits 59iron incorporation into mouse
      erythrocytes, as well as 3H-thymidine incorporation into fetal mouse
      erythroblasts in vitro. Ultrafiltration of this erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor
      (EIF) showed a molecular weight of less than 10,000 dalton. After gel filtration
      (Sephadex G 50) the maximum activity of the EIF was found in the fractions which
      eluted closely before vitamin B 12 (1250 dalton), indicating a similar molecular
      weight. The EIF is heat stable (100 degrees, 10 min.) and seems to be a peptide.
      The inhibiting activity, measured by thymidine incorporation, is strong against
      mouse erythroblasts and lacking against lymphatic cells. A weak inhibition-
      possibly a toxic effect--on myelopoiesis cannot be excluded. The inhibition of
      mouse erythroblasts is reversible. In serum of normal subjects EIF was not
      demonstrable, whereas it was found in normal urine, indicating rapid renal
      elimination. This EIF, which is demonstrable under physiological circumstances,
      is suggested to be the erythrocytic chalone and furthermore could play a role in
      the production of anaemia in terminal renal failure.

PMID- 6446810
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of a new 1-oxa cephalosporin compound.
AB  - The in vitro activity of a unique new 1-oxa cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotic
      (LY 127935) was tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram
      negative bacteria and compared with the activities of cefoxitin, cefamandole,
      cephalothin, clindamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, ticarcillin, and
      carbenicillin. The new compound was observed to have a broad spectrum of
      antibacterial activity which far exceeded the activity of older cephalosporins
      against aerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli. This new compound was the most
      active drug tested against Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, indole-negative
      and positive Proteus species, and E. coli. Against clinical isolates of
      Pseudomonas species the new compound was more active than cefoxitin, cefamandole,
      cephalothin, and clindamycin, comparable to ticarcillin and carbenicillin, and
      less active than gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. Yet, most of the
      Pseudomonas isolates were inhibited by 16 micrograms/ml of the new compound.
      Against both beta-lactamase and non beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus
      aureus isolates, the new 1-oxa compound was less active than the older
      cephalosporins of which cephalothin and cefamandole were the most effective. The
      1-oxa compound had no appreciable activity against isolates of Streptococcus
      faecalis. Activity of all four cephalosporins studied was decreased in the
      presence of an increased inoculum of Enterobacteriaceae in trypticase soy and
      Mueller-Hinton broth. The activity of the new compound against Pseudomonas
      species was also decreased by an increased inoculum in Mueller-Hinton but not in
      trypticase soy broth. These results indicate that this new 1-oxa compound may
      have great promise as a broad spectrum antibiotic and may warrant controlled
      clinical trials in man.

PMID- 6446811
TI  - [Organization of the social phase of rehabilitation of work-related disabilities
      and requirements placed on rehabilitation commissions].

PMID- 6446812
TI  - [Vocational rehabilitation of the severely disabled in a predominantly rural area
      in the Leipzig district].

PMID- 6446813
TI  - [Inhibition of propionibacteria in the sebaceous gland duct using
      photochemotherapy and 8-methoxypsoralen].
AB  - It was shown by in vitro studies that 8-methoxypsoralen (= 8 MOP) alone and UVA
      irradiation alone produces relatively little inhibition of the growth of
      Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum, whereas a combination
      leads to an intense suppression of bacterial growth. It was further demonstrated
      by in vivo studies on 14 subjects that local treatment with 8 MOP and UVA
      significantly reduces the propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous duct. These
      results afford a possible explanation for the well known favorable effect of
      photochemotherapy on acne vulgaris. In addition, they contribute to explaining
      the drier appearance of the skin after photochemotherapy.

PMID- 6446815
TI  - [Blood plasma level of gonadotropic hormones in patients with premature alopecia
      caused by seborrhea].

PMID- 6446814
TI  - [Vitamin transport in bacteria].

PMID- 6446816
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of rosacea and perioral dermatitis].

PMID- 6446817
TI  - [Treatment of children with chronic dermatoses complicated by liver diseases at
      the Sochi health resort].

PMID- 6446819
TI  - [E.A. Dosychev].

PMID- 6446818
TI  - [Adie's syndrome (pseudotabes) and pregnancy].

PMID- 6446820
TI  - [B.A. Zenin].

PMID- 6446821
TI  - [Status, quality and effectiveness of dispensary care for workers with
      dermatologic diseases].

PMID- 6446822
TI  - [Behavior index for pedodontic patients].

PMID- 6446823
TI  - [Planning and realization of a denture framework in accordance with new
      knowledge].

PMID- 6446824
TI  - [Functional adjustment of external telescopes by internal polishing. Friction
      measurement and scanning electron microscopic investigation of polished metal
      surfaces].

PMID- 6446825
TI  - [Prosthetic metal working].

PMID- 6446826
TI  - [Lipid metabolism disorders in parkinsonism and Huntington's chorea].
AB  - In 55 patients with parkinsonism and 9 patients with Huntington's chorea the
      lipid spectrum of the serum and erythrocytes was examined by thin-layer
      chromatography on silica gel. Certain disturbances of the lipid metabolism were
      revealed both in the patients with parkinsonism and Huntington's chorea. The
      lipid spectra in patients with the tremulous and the rigid forms of parkinsonism
      were found to be different, and the depth of the lipid metabolism disturbances
      depended on the severity of the clinical manifestations. The disturbances of the
      lipid metabolism in erythrocytes may point to a generalized character of the
      defect. Participation of biogenic amines in the lipid metabolism pathology in
      patients with involvement of the paleostriatum system is suggested.

PMID- 6446827
TI  - [Sporadic juvenile forms of Huntington's chorea].
AB  - Six patients with Huntington's chorea in the age of 15-24 years old, suffered
      from diffusive choreic hyperkynesis with slowly progressive dementia. The
      development of this disease in childhood and adolescence was atypical, as nobody
      in the family and in kin sufferred from it and it was difficult to diagnose the
      disease. Recognition of the disease was promoted by pneumoencephalography,
      electromyography and memory investigation.

PMID- 6446828
TI  - [Principal trends in mental retardation research (review)].

PMID- 6446829
TI  - [State and ways of improving the teaching of neurology and psychiatry in higher
      medical schools of the RSFSR].

PMID- 6446830
TI  - Effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent thymoxamine on the neurogenic
      bladder and urethra.
AB  - The effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent thymoxamine by intravenous
      administration was studied in 25 patients with spastic paraplegia and uninhibited
      neurogenic bladder. By cystometry a shift to the right of the first desire to
      void, the threshold of the first uninhibited contraction and a reduction of the
      pressures of the uninhibited contractions was found, but the bladder capacity was
      unchanged. The urethral pressure profile studied in 10 patients showed reduction
      in most and the peak value in all the patients. EMG from the external urethral
      sphincter in five patients showed damping of anal reflexes in all cases and in
      basic activity and cough reflexes when appropriate for studies. The site of
      action on the bladder is most likely adrenergic receptors in the bladder and the
      unchanged bladder capacity may be related to a too-short duration of the effect
      of thymoxamine. The effect on the spastic striated pelvic sphincters may be
      central, whereas the effect on the smooth muscle may be peripheral. Feedback from
      the drug relaxed proximal part of the urethra to the bladder might also be of
      importance.

PMID- 6446831
TI  - Plasma induced biotransformation of thymoxamine and its kinetics.
AB  - Thymoxamine, 6-acetoxythymol-2-dimethylaminoethyl ether, is a competitive alpha
      adrenoceptor blocking agent used as a vasodilator in the treatment of peripheral
      vascular disorders. The plasma half-life of the drug in vivo is very short. In
      vitro experiments showed that thymoxamine had a half-life in human plasma of
      about only 1 min. By using the compound as a substrate in increasing
      concentrations from 5-320 microgram/ml in the presence of a fixed, low
      concentration of plasma (0.1% v/v) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees a hyperbolic
      correlation was found between the concentration of thymoxamine and the initial
      rate of formation of the involved reaction product, which was determined by HPLC.
      A linearized Michaelis-Menten plot indicated an enzymatic biotransformation. A Km
      value of about 0.115 mumol ml-1 and a Vm-value of about 0.0037 mumol ml-1 min.-1
      were found. Physostigmine, neostigmine and cinchocaine inhibited the
      biotransformation competitively. This indicated that plasma cholinesterase was
      the enzyme responsible. The metabolite was identified as desacetylthymoxamine by
      HPLC, spectrophotometry and direct inlet mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6446832
TI  - Zimelidine-induced lipidosis in rats.
AB  - This study was aimed at the question of whether or not the antidepressant
      zimelidine, which is an amphiphilic cationic compound, can induce generalized
      lipidosis in animals. Rats were chronically treated with high oral doses (80
      mg/kg) of the drug, and several organs were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. Lipidosis-like cellular alterations of considerable degrees were
      observed in lung, adrenal cortex and lymphatic tissue. Only mild lysosomal
      alterations were found in hepatocytes, adrenal medulla, retinal pigment
      epithelium and in peripheral and central nerve cell perikarya. The results show
      that zimelidine induces generalized lipidosis in rats although of mild degree
      when compared with some other amphiphilic cationic drugs.

PMID- 6446833
TI  - Anti-aggressive effect of zimelidine in isolated mice.
AB  - The anti-aggressive actions of zimelidine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, and p
      chloroamphetamine (PCA), a 5-HT releasing compound, were examined in isolated
      male mice. Both agents blocked the aggressive behaviour in a dose range in which
      they produced inhibition of the accumulation of 14C-5-HT in brain slices. The
      time course of the inhibition of both compounds was related to their effects on 5
      HT mechanisms (5-HT uptake inhibition or 5-HT release) in the brain. These
      findings suggest that zimelidine and PCA inhibit aggressive behaviour in mice via
      enhancement of post-synaptic activity in certain 5-HT neuronal pathways. The
      possible relationship between the role of 5-HT in the anti-aggressive effect and
      in anxiolytic effects is discussed.

PMID- 6446834
TI  - Finestructure and template activities of DNA-histone complexes reconstituted in
      the presence and absence of urea.
AB  - Several DNA-histone complexes were reconstituted in the presence and absence of
      urea. The fiber size of DNA-histone H1 complex was about 20 A in width with knobs
      100 to 250 A in diameter interspersed at an average interval of about 1,100 A. H1
      was associated with DNA segments corresponding to a DNA size of fewer than 100
      base pairs. DNA-histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 complex consisted of globular
      subunits 100 to 150 A in diameter alternating with thin strands, like beads on a
      string. DNA-whole histones complex was 200 to 250 A in width and had a condensed
      configuration. The nuclease digestion pattern of the complexes containing
      histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 was regular, similar to that of chromatin, and was
      disrupted by urea. The complex containing H1 was inactive for in vitro RNA
      synthesis by escherichia coli RNA polymerase, whereas the other complexes were
      active. The complexes reconstituted in the absence of urea had template
      activities slightly less than in the presence of urea.

PMID- 6446835
TI  - Studies on thyroid function in rats with experimentally induced thyroiditis.

PMID- 6446836
TI  - Myelin-like structures seen intracellularly in renal tubule cells subjected to
      ischemia.
AB  - Renal cortex was studied during experimentally induced ischemia. A transient
      increase in anerobic glycolysis occurred with concomitant swelling of both the
      Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. These intracytoplasmic organelles underwent
      marked changes in their intracellular positions. Infolding of cytoplasmic
      membrane at the basal side of proximal tubule cells increased in complexity and
      proceeded to enclose various intracytoplasmic microorganelles such as
      mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. Piling up in layers was particularly marked
      around mitochondria. This piling up appeared as myelin-like structures on the
      free surface of, and within, proximal tubule cells, and followed disruption of
      the brush border at the free surface. Histological examination of thin sections
      showed that the fused portions of this brush border were actually brush border
      cytoplasmic membrane piled up in layers giving the appearance of myelin-like
      structures. After two hours of ischemia, parts of the membrane of these myelin
      like structures were disrupted. Large vacuoles developed and these were thought
      to be related to the large vacuoles seen during cell degeneration.

PMID- 6446837
TI  - Experimental anemia induced by excess iron excretion.
AB  - The effect of desferrioxamine on several hematological parameters was studied in
      growing rats. Animals given desferrioxamine intramuscularly (150 mg/kg daily) had
      increased urinary iron after one week, and decreased hemoglobin after 2 weeks.
      The difference in hemoglobin concentration between the treated and control groups
      was significant after 4 weeks of treatment with desferrioxamine, but the
      difference in the numbers of erythrocytes was not significant. The anemia was of
      hypochromic type. Desferrioxamine at this dosage did not retard growth. These
      findings support our previously reported concept of "iron-losing anemia".

PMID- 6446838
TI  - Urinary iron excretion test in iron deficiency anemia.
AB  - A urinary iron excretion test was carried out in 22 patients with iron deficiency
      anemia. The iron excretion index was significantly higher in patients with
      intractable iron deficiency anemia compared with normal subjects and anemic
      patients who were responsive to iron therapy. The findings suggest that iron
      excretion may be a factor that modulates the response of patients to iron
      therapy.

PMID- 6446839
TI  - The effects of intravesical instillation of Thio-Tepa on the recurrence rate of
      bladder tumors.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients were treated with intravesical instillation of Thio-Tepa
      in an attempt to prevent postoperative recurrences of bladder tumors. Fifty-six
      patients who were given no preventive treatment against recurrences were taken as
      the control group. The patients in this series presented at the Okayama
      University Hospital between 1961 and 1976 and only the first recurrence after the
      primary operation was taken into consideration. There was no significant
      difference in the recurrence rates of the control and instillation groups.

PMID- 6446840
TI  - Detection of tissue T-cell in patients with chronic active hepatitis using
      fragmented sheep red blood cell (SRBC) membrane.
AB  - Fragmented sheep red blood cell (SRBC) membrane was used for detection of T-cells
      in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis. SRBC was
      separated with Lymphoprep, sonicated, then filtered through a 3 mu Millipore
      membrane as a fragmented SRBC reagent. Tissue T-cells were stained by an indirect
      immunofluorescent technique using SRBC reagent and fluorescein isothiocyanate
      (FITC)-labelled rabbit anti-SRBC. Positively staining lymphocytes were present in
      portal tracts and in areas of piecemeal necrosis. There also seemed to be a
      positive correlation between the number of positively staining lymphocytes and
      the activity of chronic hepatitis; numerous lymphocytes being stained in areas of
      severe piecemeal necrosis. Our findings suggest that the fragmented SRBC
      technique for detection of T-cells is reliable and reproducible, that it could be
      used as a clinical routine method, and that it is useful for further elucidating
      the nature of host immune reactions on tissue levels.

PMID- 6446841
TI  - Chromosome 14q+ in a Japanese patient with Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies were performed on a biopsy specimen of a jaw tumor and on a
      bone marrow aspirate from a Japanese patient with Epstein-Barr virus-negative
      Burkitt's lymphoma. A 14q + chromosome was found in cells from either source,
      although each contained a different clone. Other karyotypic abnormalities present
      in common included 2dir dup (1q) (q21 leads to q32), 3q+, 6p--, +12, +mar.

PMID- 6446842
TI  - Changes in the molecular sieve of glomerular basement membrane in rats with
      aminonucleoside nephrosis.
AB  - Isolated and purified glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of normal and
      aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats were observed by electron microscopy after
      negative staining. Although GBM of normal rats appeared as a molecular sieve with
      uniform pores, GBM of nephrotic rats showed enlargement and elongation of the
      pores. For an average of fifty pores, the long dimension was 40.4+/-10.7 A and
      the short dimension 13.8+/-3.6 A in nephrosis whereas the long dimension was
      12.3+/-2.5 A and the short dimension 8.4+/-1.0 A in normal rats. Changes in the
      pores in GBM were thought to result in increased permeability of serum protein
      and hence proteinuria.

PMID- 6446843
TI  - Pattern visual evoked potentials in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6446844
TI  - [Non familial keratodermia puntacta palmaris et plantaris. Report of a case].

PMID- 6446845
TI  - [The child and pain in periodontic context].

PMID- 6446846
TI  - Counseling with parents of handicapped adolescents.

PMID- 6446847
TI  - Neurochemical findings in the aging brain.
AB  - We studied the influence of normal aging on 13 glycolytic enzymes, ATPase,
      carbonic anhydrase, and protein kinase in the human brain cortex and putamen,
      where there is a significant increase in soluble HK activity with age. This
      phenomenon is considered to be the result of an increased release of HK from
      mitochondrial membranes. A significant negative correlation of the activity of
      F6PK with age is observed in brain cortex and putamen. While the regulation of
      glycolysis imposes a limit on the formation of ATP with increasing age, no change
      appears to occur in the enzymatic capacity to break down ATP. Na+/K+-ATPase and
      Mg++-ATPase do not change with age. Carbonic anhydrase, important in the
      regulation of the pO2/pCO2 ratio in the brain tissue, demonstrates a significant
      decline with increasing age. Thus pCO2-dependent regulation of tissue pH, ionic
      transport processes, and cerebral blood flow regulation have the tendency to
      become more and more unstable. Protein kinase demonstrates a progressive age
      dependent decline in cAMP-dependent activity, which is most significant in brain
      cortex and thalamus, followed by hippocampus, amygdala, and globus pallidus. The
      enzyme is of importance for the phosphorylation of the cell membrane and is thus
      of functional relevance for the nerve cell.

PMID- 6446848
TI  - Treatment of dyskinetic and dystonic disorders with CF 25-397: clinical and
      pharmacological aspects.

PMID- 6446849
TI  - HLA--a central immunological agency of man.

PMID- 6446850
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of migrating silicone.

PMID- 6446851
TI  - Patterns of static prehension in normal hands.
AB  - For the purpose of classifying the patterns of static prehension in normal hands,
      the finger positions were photographed from 5 directions, while each of 7 normal
      adults held each of the 98 objects. The contact areas were also photographed from
      three to four directions. All sets of photographs were compared. Any two were
      considered identical in pattern when both the finger positions and the contact
      areas were alike. Fourteen identical patterns were identified: five patterns of
      power grip, four of intermediate grip, four of precision grip, and one other.
      Eighty-six percent of the grips shown by the subjects could be fitted into one of
      these prehension patterns, and the remaining 14 percent into intermediate or
      combined patterns. For all 7 subjects, 31 of 98 objects were grasped in an
      identical pattern and the rest of the objects, 67, in 2 or more patterns.

PMID- 6446852
TI  - The acupuncture treatment of low back pain: a randomized controlled study.
AB  - The acupuncture treatment situation was beneficial to the majority of people with
      low back pain. This was shown by the use of short-term controls and long-term
      controls, although the latter were not intended in the study design. After
      acupuncture, there was a 51% pain reduction in the average pain score in the
      Immediate Treatment Group. The short-term controls, the Delayed Treatment Group,
      had no reduction whatsoever in their pain scores at the comparable followup
      period. Later, the Delayed Treatment Group bere also treated by acupuncturists,
      and reported 62% less pain. When these two treatment groups were compared at 40
      weeks with long-term controls (Inadequate Treatment Group), the Inadequate
      Treatment Group still had the same pain scores, on the average, as when they
      enrolled in the study. Both treatment groups, on the average, had 30% lower pain
      scores. Furthermore, 58% of the treatment groups felt that they were definitely
      improved at 40 weeks, while only 11% of the Inadequate Treatment Group felt
      definitely improved at 40 weeks.

PMID- 6446853
TI  - Evidence for genetic control of nondisjunction in man.
AB  - Data on factors associated with the occurrence of Down syndrome in a highly
      inbred population were evaluated to investigate the presence of a genetic control
      of nondisjunction in man. In Kuwait, close consanguinity occurs in 40% of
      marriages. In its main obstetric hospital, 20 trisomic Down babies out of 11,614
      singleton births were delivered over a 12-month period. Chi-square analyses
      indicate the occurrence of Down syndrome to be linked to two independent factors:
      consanquinity of parents and maternal age. The relative risk is approximately
      four times greater for closely related than for nonrelated parents (P less than
      .005); a possible explanation for this is the existence of a gene that induces
      mitotic nondisjunction in the homozygous fertilized ovum. An alternative
      explanation is the existence of an autosomal recessive gene which results in
      meiotic nondisjunction in the homozygous parents. Consanguinity is usually
      perpetuated in certain families, or sections of the population, and parents in
      highly inbred families have a higher probability to be homozygotes for that gene.

PMID- 6446854
TI  - Disulfiram-like reaction associated with a parenteral cephalosporin.
AB  - A disulfiram-like reaction attributed to cefoperazone, an investigational
      cephalosporin, is reported. Cefoperazone (T-1551, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Inc.),
      a semisynthetic, parenteral cephalosporin undergoing clinical trials in the
      United States, was administered in single 1-, 2-, and 3-g doses to 12 healthy
      volunteers. The drug was administered as a 5% solution by constant infusion over
      a five-minute period, and one week was allowed between doses. Approximately 25
      hours after receiving the 3-g dose, one subject experienced facial flushing after
      drinking 12 fluid ounces of beer. A second ingestion of 24 ounces of beer eight
      hours later produced facial flushing, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and pounding
      headache; the symptoms lasted 1.5-2 hours. A subsequent rechallenge with beer
      five hours later produced an identical reaction, but the symptoms subsided
      rapidly. Further rechallenge 60 hours after receiving the drug produced no ill
      effects. No such reaction appears to have been reported previously as being
      associated with the administration of a cephalosporin.

PMID- 6446855
TI  - Genetic counseling dilemmas: Down syndrome, paternal age, and recurrence risk
      after remarriage.

PMID- 6446856
TI  - Genetic counseling for adoptees at risk for specific inherited disorders.
AB  - We present 5 cases in which family history showed that a child given up for
      adoption some years earlier was at 50% risk for inheritance of Huntington
      disease, myotonic dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Fabry disease, von Willebrand
      disease, and Waardenburg syndrome, respectively. In all cases, the biological
      mothers (the probands) requested that the genetic counseling provided for them
      and their children be shared with the adoptive family. The decision whether or
      not to seek out the adoptee was based upon explicit assessment of the potential
      benefits and potential difficulties involved in contacting the adoptive family
      and attempting to provide genetic counseling. We have formulated some
      recommendations for dealing with other families with similar separation of
      relatives by adoption on the basis of these experiences.

PMID- 6446857
TI  - Holoprosencephaly in a Down syndrome child.
AB  - Gross malformation of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare in Down syndrome
      (DS). To our knowledge we report for the first time the association of trisomy 21
      and holoprosencephaly. Because of the low probability of chance concurrence due
      to unrelated causes, a causal relationship between these two conditions in the
      patient must be presumed. The anatomic similarity of the holoprosencephalic
      defect in this infant to that seen in others with autosomal dominant, recessive,
      sporadic, or syndromal forms of holoprosencephaly, supports the hypothesis that:
      a) this CNS defect is a causally nonspecific developmental field complex (DFC);
      b) the increased incidence of such DFC's in the DS represents the result of a
      nonspecific decrease of developmental homeostasis [Waddington, 1975] due to
      autosomal aneuploidy.

PMID- 6446858
TI  - Chromosome findings in 2,500 second trimester amniocenteses.
AB  - We have analyzed the chromosome abnormalities found in 2,500 amniocenteses for
      prenatal diagnosis; 1,887 (75%) were performed because the maternal age was 34
      years or more. Chromosome abnormalities were detected in 1.80% of those referred
      for advanced maternal age, 1.2% between ages 34 and 39 years and 4.6% 40 years
      and over. Of these, four occurred in women who would have been 34 years at
      delivery (2.9%). Trisomy 21 accounted for 50% of the chromosome abnormalities;
      sex chromosome abnormalities, for 25%; the remaining 25% was divided equally
      between trisomy 18 and partial trisomies and mosaics. Unexpected translocations
      were found in 0.4%, of which two-thirds were balanced and identified in one
      parent. The accuracy was 99.6%.

PMID- 6446859
TI  - Anatomical analysis of the developmental effects of aneuploidy in man: the Down
      syndrome.
AB  - Detailed anatomical dissections of five Down syndrome (DS) bodies revealed a
      unique and consistent "internal phenotype" composed of: 1) variations in muscles,
      2) peripheral artery variations, and 3) the presence of dilatations and nerve
      rootlets associated with the spinal accessory and first cervical nerves. Most of
      these variations may occur occasionally in the normal population, but their more
      frequent occurrence in the five DS cases provides further support for Shapiro's
      (1975) hypothesis that one effect of the extra autosome is to increase the
      instability of normal developmental processes. Three of the variations: 1) the
      presence of an extra facial muscle, 2) multiple vertebral arteries, and 3) the
      presence of dilatations and nerve rootlets associated with the spinal accessory
      and 1st cervical nerves, may be the result of a failure of regression of
      otherwise transient embryonic structures. A variation of the midfacial muscles of
      expression, explained as an arrest in development, has not been described
      previously and, to date, remains a manifestation unique to the trisomy 21
      phenotype. Aside from their use in developmental speculation, the sum of these
      variations may be useful for corroborating diagnoses of suspected post-mortem
      cases of the DS without cytogenetic confirmation.

PMID- 6446860
TI  - The determinants of mothers' knowledge of the Down syndrome before genetic
      counseling: part II.
AB  - Mothers coming for genetic counseling because they have an infant with the Down
      syndrome (DS) vary in their amount of knowledge about the cause, recurrence risk,
      and options for dealing with the recurrence risk. The purpose of this work has
      been to determine some predictors of the variability in mothers' knowledge of the
      DS before coming to genetic counseling. Data were collected before counseling
      through a detailed interview concerning mothers' knowledge of the DS, their
      demographic background, fertility plan, and attitude toward family planing. These
      data were "reduced" by multiple-regression analysis, to 7 variables used in a
      prediction equation for mothers' level of pre-knowledge attainment. These
      variables were then used to construct a model which was tested by path analysis.
      Results of analyses showed that about 2/3 of the variance in mothers' pre
      knowledge of the DS could be accounted for by 5 independent variables: 1) time
      from diagnosis to counseling session, 2) date of counseling session, 3)
      nonreporting of emotional upset, 4) education-occupational status (EOS), and 5)
      utilization of birth control methods. These findings led to the conclusion that
      what occurs before counseling is of importance for the outcome of genetic
      counseling, as measured by the genetic information acquired by the counselees.
      Some precounseling precedures are suggested on how genetic counselors might be
      able to gain more control over the important factors that occur before actual
      counseling.

PMID- 6446861
TI  - Low-dose heparin therapy.

PMID- 6446862
TI  - A model of immune complex-mediated pleuropulmonary injury; evidence of deposition
      of circulating immune complexes in the lung.
AB  - Severe acute, diffuse lung inflammation was induced in rabbits immunized to
      bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subsequently challenged with BSA intrapleurally.
      Evidence suggesting involvement of circulating immune complexes in the
      pathogenesis of lung injury in these rabbits include 1) positive lung
      immunofluorescence, 2) a fall in serum hemolytic complement, 3) diffuse bilateral
      involvement despite unilateral antigen challenge, and 4) absence of these
      findings in control rabbits. Further investigation with this model may provide
      insight into the processes involved in the deposition of immune complexes in the
      lung and the mechanisms of lung injury provoked by immune complex deposition.

PMID- 6446863
TI  - Treatment of acromioclavicular separations. A retrospective study.
AB  - A retrospective study of 134 patients with Types I, II, and III acromioclavicular
      separations was carried out. The average followup was 6.3 years, with the longest
      being 19 years, and the shortest being 1 year. The mechanism of injury was a
      direct blow in 92% of the patients. The average age of the patients was 30.1
      years, with a range from 13 to 68 years. All patients were evaluated using a
      standard rating system for the shoulder and humerus, the total for perfect
      recovery being 100. Twenty-four patients with Type I separations were immobilized
      19.5 days, with a disability period of 6 weeks, and rated 94 points. Twenty-five
      patients with Type II separations were immobilized 27 days for the conservative
      groups, had a disability period of 6 weeks, and rated 90 points. Eighty-five
      patients with Type III acromioclavicular separations were followed. Seven
      patients had conservative treatment, were immobilized an average of 22 days, with
      a disability period of 13 weeks, and rated 82. Of those patients who underwent
      surgical repair, excluding Dacron graft substitution, the immobilization period
      was 6 weeks, with a disability period of 12 weeks, and a rating of 80. Fifty
      eight patients underwent repair with double velour Dacron prosthetic substitution
      for the coracoclavicular ligaments, combined with distal clavicular resection in
      all but two patients. The average immobilization period was 1 week, with the
      average disability period being 3 weeks. The average rating was 96, with 24
      patients rating 100. The major cause for a rating less than 100 was light to
      moderate pain that persisted in a few cases, which was only occasional and
      associated with a particular activity. One infection occurred requiring graft
      removal 5 months after surgery. Calcification in the area of the coracoclavicular
      ligaments did not affect the final rating and recurrence of deformity was not
      noted.

PMID- 6446864
TI  - Caudal extradural injection for the treatment of low back pain.
AB  - The technique of large volume caudal extradural injection of a solution
      containing bupivacaine hydrochloride, hydrocortisone acetate and
      methylprednisolone acetate for low back pain is described. The results of 500
      such injections are reviewed. The technique provides a rapid safe method for the
      treatment of low back pain. Pain was relieved in over half the patients treated
      by a single injection.

PMID- 6446865
TI  - Determination of metabolites of thymoxamine in plasma by high performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6446866
TI  - Micromorphology and histochemistry of polysaccharides in the goat mandibular
      salivary gland.
AB  - The micromorphology and histochemistry of mucosubstances in mandibular salivary
      gland of goat were studied. Encapsulated ganglia were present in the interlobular
      connective tissue giving nerve fibres to the ducts and blood vessels therein. The
      mandibular gland of goat was a mixed tubuloacinar gland possessing mucous tubules
      and acini, the latter capped by seromucous demilunes. The mucous secretory units
      contained high amounts of neutral and acidic sulfated mucosubstances. The
      seromucoid demilunes contained neutral and less acidic nonsulfated
      mucosubstances. No glycogen was found in both types of secretory cells.

PMID- 6446867
TI  - The effects of chronic hypoxia on the myocardial cell of normotensive and
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6446868
TI  - Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma.
AB  - Spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage is a rare emergency. It is characterized
      by back pain with radicular radiation in the chest and extremities followed by
      progressive signs of cord compression. The exact etiology is unknown. Presented
      here is the case of a 34-year-old man who arrived in the emergency department
      with back pain, followed 20 minutes later by acute paralysis of both legs.
      Emergency laminectomy revealed an epidural hematoma with compression of the
      spinal cord. The man was discharged from the hospital seven days post-evacuation
      of the hematoma with a slightly unsteady but improving gait. The presenting
      symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of
      this unusual lesion are reviewed.

PMID- 6446869
TI  - Ionically mediated induction of mitogenesis in CNS neurons.

PMID- 6446870
TI  - Fibroblast growth factor and the control of vertebrate regeneration and repair.

PMID- 6446871
TI  - Bicarbonate transport in the exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 6446872
TI  - Clinical management of thalassemia. The status of new iron chelators.

PMID- 6446873
TI  - The effect of social selection on the population dynamics of Huntington's
      disease.
AB  - Wallace (1976) postulated the importance of social selection on the frequency of
      Huntington's disease. This effect of social selection was studied with respect to
      the population dynamics of Huntington's disease genes. It is shown that social
      selection operates mainly through heterozygotes. Existing data indicate that the
      frequency of Huntington's disease in the population is determined by its social
      effects.

PMID- 6446874
TI  - The relationships of aging changes in the basal ganglia to manifestations of
      Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 6446875
TI  - Neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration, and neuron loss in Down
      Syndrome: quantitative comparison with Alzheimer dementia.
AB  - The degree of neurofibrillary tangle formation, granulovascuolar degeneration,
      and nerve cell loss was quantified in serial sections of the hippocampal
      formation from the brains of 5 adults dying with Down syndrome (monogolism).
      These morphometric results were compared with values obtained from a series of
      mentally normal elderly patients reported previously. Granulovacuolar change
      appeared to be related as much to patient age as to the existence of monogolism.
      By contrast, the number of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles and loss of
      pyramidal neurons from the hippocampus exceeded levels found in considerably
      older subjects and fell into the same range of severity as was noted in 8
      patients with Alzheimer dementia. The neuron population in the hippocampus of
      Down syndrome patients may be only half the expected normal number for their
      decade. These quantitative similarities stimulate the search for a common
      pathogenetic mechanism underlying cerebral changes in monogolism and senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 6446876
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of acute allergic disorders.

PMID- 6446877
TI  - Mezlocillin pharmacokinetics after single intravenous doses to patients with
      varying degrees of renal function.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin were examined after single 2- and 4-g
      intravenous injections to three groups of male patients with creatinine
      clearances of I >/= 60, II = 21 to 59, and III </= 20 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2). The
      decline in serum antibiotic levels was biphasic in all groups, and serum data
      were interpreted in terms of the pharmacokinetic two-compartment model. The mean
      elimination half-life of mezlocillin after the 2-g dose was 1.3, 1.5, and 2.3 h
      in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Equivalent values after the 4-g dose were
      1.2, 1.6, and 4.4 h. In three functionally anephric patients the mean serum half
      life of mezlocillin was 1.5 h during hemodialysis. Mean antibiotic levels in
      serum were greater than 10 mug ml(-1) for 4 h after the 2- and 4-g doses in group
      I and 8 h in group II. In group III, levels greater than 10 mug ml(-1) were
      maintained for 6 h after the 2-g dose and over 12 h after the 4-g dose.
      Mezlocillin distribution characteristics were largely independent of renal
      function and dose size. The only observable change occurred in the value of
      V(dss), which was significantly increased to 0.32 with 0.38 liter kg(-1) in
      severe renal impairment, compared to ca. 0.2 liter kg(-1) in subjects with normal
      or slightly impaired renal function. Cumulative 24-h urinary excretion accounted
      for 50, 40, and 3.2% of the dose in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Urine
      levels of mezlocillin were uniformly greater than the minimum inhibitory
      concentration for susceptible organisms for 12 h after dosing in all patients who
      produced urine. Because of the relatively small increase in the mezlocillin
      elimination half-life with declining renal function, dose reduction is necessary
      only in cases of severe renal impairment.

PMID- 6446878
TI  - Comparative study of piperacillin, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin
      pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Piperacillin, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin were administered intravenously to
      10 healthy volunteers in a three-way, crossover study. The pharmacokinetics of
      the three drugs were in general quite similar. The peak serum concentration of
      piperacillin achieved at the end of a 30-min intravenous infusion was 63.5 +/-
      27.6 microgram/ml. During the first 8 h, 67.5% of the dose of piperacillin was
      excreted in the urine, and the urinary concentration was extremely high. All
      three penicillins had high volumes of distribution. The serum half-life of the
      beta elimination phase of carbenicillin was lower than that of either
      piperacillin or ticarcillin. The volunteers experienced no adverse reactions from
      the administration of the drugs.

PMID- 6446879
TI  - Cefoperazone (T-1551), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin: comparison with
      cephalothin and gentamicin.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefoperazone (T-1551) against almost 9,000 recent
      clinical isolates at six institutions was tested and compared with that of
      cephalothin and gentamicin. The modal minimum inhibitory concentrations of
      cefoperazone were 16- and 4-fold less than those of cephalothin and gentamicin,
      respectively, against 5,503 strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Species normally
      resistant to cephalothin, such as indole-positive protease and enterobacters,
      were almost universally susceptible to cefoperazone. Cefoperazone demonstrated
      activity comparable to gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other
      pseudomonads.

PMID- 6446880
TI  - Moxalactam (LY127935), a new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic with
      remarkable antimicrobial activity: in vitro comparison with cefamandole and
      tobramycin.
AB  - Moxalactam (LY127935) exhibited greater in vitro activity than cefamandole and
      tobramycin against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas hydrophila,
      and Pseudomonas maltophilia. The activities of the three drugs against other
      microorganisms were as follows: for staphylococci, cefamandole = tobramycin
      greater than moxalactam; for streptococci, cefamandole greater than moxalactam
      greater than tobramycin; and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tobramycin greater than
      moxalactam greater than cefamandole. Moxalactam also demonstrated significant
      activity against the Bacteroides fragilis group and other anaerobes. Moxalactam
      was comparable to cefotaxime (HR756) in its inhibition of cephalothin-resistant
      and aminoglycoside-resistant clinical isolates.

PMID- 6446881
TI  - Effect of zearalenone on female White Leghorn chickens.
AB  - Acute toxic effects of purified zearalenone were studied in growing female White
      Leghorn chickens. In the first experiment, zearalenone in gelatin capsules was
      administered to 10 chickens (zearalenone-treated chickens [ZC]) in a single oral
      dose of 15.0 g/kg. Another 10 control chickens (CC) received empty gelatin
      capsules. All chickens survived the 10-day experiment and did not show any
      noticeable gross or histopathological lesions. There were no differences between
      CC and ZC in weight gain, oviduct, comb and liver weights, hematological
      parameters, and serum cholesterol. ZC had significantly less (P less than 0.05)
      serum calcium but significantly greater (P less than 0.01) serum phosphorus than
      CC. In the second experiment, zearalenone was administered orally or
      intramuscularly (pectoral muscle) at levels of 0, 50, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for
      7 consecutive days. The oviduct weight increased with increasing toxin levels in
      both orally (OZC) and intramuscularly (IZC) administered groups: there were more
      pronounced effects in the IZC. The liver weight increased and comb weight
      decreased in IZC. The relative estrogenic biopotency of zearalenone in IZC, using
      estradiol dipropionate as a standard, was 1.37%. The results of this experiment
      demonstrate that chickens are highly tolerant to zearalenone and that the
      estrogenic effects of the toxin are greater when it is administered in multiple
      doses than in a single dose and in IZC than in OZC.

PMID- 6446882
TI  - Temperate coliphages: classification and correlation with habitats.
AB  - Temperate coliphages were recovered from sewage, mammalian feces, and lysogenic
      strains of Escherichia coli. A total of 32 phages of independent origin were
      divided into six groups by applying the criteria of host range, antigenic
      homology, and the ultraviolet inducibility of the prophage. The demonstration of
      genetic interactions in some cases has confirmed the classification scheme. Nine
      phages were assigned to the P2 family and 19 to the lambda family. The remaining
      four isolates may represent some novel phylogenetic types. Phages recovered from
      the lysogenic strains of E. coli were all found to be P2 related, whereas a
      majority of the phages recovered as cell-free plaque-forming units were
      assignable to the lambda family. It is proposed that the biological attributes of
      the phages belonging to the two principal families are reflected in the
      distribution patterns observed. The virions of phage HK256 show multiple tail
      fibers and may thus represent a "new" virion form among the temperate coliphages.

PMID- 6446883
TI  - The Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in the brush border of
      rabbit kidney cortex.

PMID- 6446884
TI  - Purification and characterization of uricase, a nitrogen-regulated enzyme, from
      Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 6446885
TI  - The hormonal stimulation of ureogenesis in isolated hepatocytes through increases
      in mitochondrial ATP production.

PMID- 6446886
TI  - Structural characterization of proteoheparan sulfate isolated from plasma
      membranes of an ascites hepatoma, AH 66.

PMID- 6446887
TI  - myo-Inositol metabolism in rat testis in response to streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes.

PMID- 6446888
TI  - Pinocytosis of intracellular and secreted beta-hexosaminidase from human
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6446889
TI  - Palmoplantar keratoderma and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
AB  - A close association was noted between palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and Charcot
      Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) in nine members of a family in five generations.
      Clinical, genealogic, electroneurophysiologic, chromosome, urinary amino acid,
      and histopathologic studies were performed to define the two entities. Charco
      Marie-Tooth disease occurred with advancing age in all of the members with PPK,
      but in none without PPK. Palmoplantar keratoderma and CMT appear to be
      genetically associated and transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. This is
      the first report, to our knowledge, of an association between PPK and CMT.

PMID- 6446890
TI  - Management of fusiform ascending aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Thirteen patients had elective surgical treatment of fusiform ascending aortic
      aneurysms at Strong Memorial and Rochester General Hospitals from 1970 to 1978.
      There were 8 men and 5 women ranging in age from 51 to 78 years (mean, 61 years).
      Nine patients underwent composite tube graft and aortic valve replacement, 3 had
      aortic valve replacement plus supracoronary tube grafts, and 1 had aortic valve
      replacement plus aneurysmorrhaphy. Coronary reimplantation alone or combined with
      saphenous vein bypasses was fashioned in 10 patients. Potassium cardioplegia was
      considered a useful adjunct in 6 patients. Two early deaths accounted for an
      operative mortality of 15.4%. There were 3 late deaths. Eight patients are alive
      and well 2 to 109 months after operation.

PMID- 6446891
TI  - Reciprocal changes in ventricular dimensions related to respiration.

PMID- 6446892
TI  - Sclerosing peritonitis with short-term propranolol therapy.

PMID- 6446893
TI  - Endothelial cell seeding of prosthetic vascular grafts: early experimental
      studies with cultured autologous canine endothelium.
AB  - Thirteen adult dogs underwent thoracoabdominal bypass operations with 6-mm,
      double-velour Dacron grafts 25 to 30 cm long. Experimental grafts were seeded
      with cultured autologous endothelial cells (n = 7). Unseeded grafts served as
      controls (n = 6). Endothelial cells were harvested from external jugular vein
      segments using 0.1% trypsin and 0.5% collagenase solutions. Grafts were studied
      at weeks 2 and 4. Endothelial cell coverage of experimental graft surfaces after
      two weeks was 60% to 70%, and approximately 80% after four weeks.
      Immunofluorescence using factor VIII-related antigen confirmed the graft's inner
      surface to be endothelium. Endothelial cell coverage in control grafts occurred
      as pannus ingrowth, and never exceeded more than 10% of the conduit surface.
      Generation of an early endothelial surface in prosthetic grafts is possible in a
      canine model using cultured autologous cells.

PMID- 6446894
TI  - Infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - Infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are relatively uncommon, but
      potentially lethal if improperly managed. Two case reports emphasize the
      importance of the preoperative aortogram for accurate diagnosis. We stress the
      principles of total excision of infected tissue and revascularization in
      uninfected tissue planes. A useful vascular reconstructive technique consisting
      of unilateral axillofemoral bypass and an ilioiliac anastomosis was used in both
      patients.

PMID- 6446895
TI  - Simplified flow rate control for intraocular irrigation.
AB  - A simple regulator, used for flow rate control of intraocular irrigating fluids,
      can prevent hypotonia and result in cost saving.

PMID- 6446896
TI  - An overview of immunology with special reference to oral disease.
AB  - This overview of the current state of knowledge of the immune system as it is
      relevant to the oral cavity in health and disease, is presented to illustrate the
      significance of immunology to the practice of dentistry. Thus immunological
      mechanisms contribute in a major way to the pathogenesis of the two most common
      dental disorders and it may be that the ultimate control of dental caries may be
      through manipulation of the mucosal immune apparatus. Future advances require a
      clearer and more quantitative analysis of oral mucosal immunity in relation to
      health and disease.

PMID- 6446897
TI  - Effect of post-mortem electrical stimulation on ovine sarcoplasmic reticulum
      vesicles.
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles from ovine skeletal muscle were iodinated
      with the use of immobilized lactoperoxidase to determine the location of proteins
      in the membrane and to observe any changes resulting from post-mortem electrical
      stimulation. The labelling pattern of the non-stimulated SR preparations was
      esentially the same as that observed previously for white muscle SR of rabbit.
      Most of the membrane protein were labelled, except for the high-affinity calcium
      binding protein. Electrical stimulation, however, resulted in an increased
      labelling of calsequestrin suggesting that this protein is more exposed as a
      result of such treatment. Certain activities of the adenosinetriphosphatase were
      affected by electrical stimulation. Both the steady-state concentration of
      phosphoenzyme and the ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange reaction were significantly
      reduced by electrical stimulation. It is not known if this alteration in the
      membrane is responsible for the reduced activity of the SR and thus the greater
      rate of post-mortem pH in electrically stimulated muscle.

PMID- 6446898
TI  - Calcium ion-regulated thin filaments from vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Myosin and actin competition tests indicated the presence of both thin-filament
      and myosin-linked Ca2+-regulatory systems in pig aorta and turkey gizzard smooth
      muscle actomyosin. A thin-filament preparation was obtained from pig aortas. The
      thin filaments had no significant ATPase activity [1.1 +/- 2.6 nmol/mg per min
      (mean +/- S.D.)], but they activated skeletal-muscle myosin ATPase up to 25-fold
      [500 nmol/mg of myosin per min (mean +/- S.D.)] in the presence of 10(-4) M free
      Ca2+. At 10(-8) M-Ca2+ the thin filaments activated myosin ATPase activity only
      one-third as much. Thin-filament activation of myosin ATPase activity increased
      markedly in the range 10(-6)-10(-5) M-Ca2+ and was half maximal at 2.7 x 10(-6) M
      (pCa2+ 5.6). The skeletal myosin-aorta-thin-filament mixture gave a biphasic
      ATPase-rate-versus-ATP-concentration curve at 10(-8) M-Ca2+ similar to the curve
      obtained with skeletal-muscle thin filaments. Thin filaments bound up to 9.5
      mumol of Ca2+/g in the presence of MgATP2-. In the range 0.06-27 microM-Ca2+
      binding was hyperbolic with an estimated binding constant of (0.56 +/- 0.07) x
      10(6) M-1 (mean +/- S.D.) and maximum binding of 8.0 +/- 0.8 mumol/g (mean +/-
      S.D.). Significantly less Ca2+ bound in the absence of ATP. The thin filaments
      contained actin, tropomyosin and several other unidentified proteins. 6 M
      Urea/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 showed proteins that behaved
      like troponin I and troponin C. This was confirmed by forming interspecific
      complexes between radioactive skeletal-muscle troponin I and troponin C and the
      aorta thin-filament proteins. The thin filaments contained at least 1.4 mumol of
      a troponin C-like protein/g and at least 1.1 mumol of a troponin I-like
      protein/g.

PMID- 6446899
TI  - Isolation and characterization of sulphated mucopolysaccharides from rat
      leukaemic (RBL-1) basophils.
AB  - Proteoglycans of 300 000 mol.wt. were isolated from dispersed rat basophil tumour
      cells after labelling of the sulphated mucopolysaccharides with 35S in vitro:90%
      of the 35S-labelled mucopolysaccharides were extracted at high salt
      concentration. Alkali degradation of the 35S-labelled proteoglycans yielded
      glycosaminoglycan chains of 40 000 mol.wt. The composition of the salt-extracted
      35S-labelled mucopolysaccharides, as defined by parallel or sequential
      degradation with chondroitinase AC, chondroitinase ABC and heparinase and
      resolution of the disaccharide-digestion products obtained with chondroitinase
      AC, was 48--61% chondroitin 4-sulphate, 20--30% dermatan sulphate, 10--15%
      heparin and 7--9% chondroitin 6-sulphate. Most of the salt-extracted 35S-labelled
      mucopolysaccharides were highly charged, with heparin and chondroitin 6-sulphate
      being relatively uniform in this regard, whereas chondroitin 4-sulphate and
      dematan sulphate exhibited a range of charge characteristics. The diversity of
      sulphated mucopolysaccharides present in the rat leukaemic basophil is in
      contrast with the predominance of heparin in the rat mast cell.

PMID- 6446900
TI  - Substrate kinetics of the alternative oxidase of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The kinetics of the succinate oxidation by cyanide-sensitive and cyanide
      insensitive submitochondrial particles of Neurospora crassa cells suggest that
      both respiratory pathways use the same complex II. This is confirmed by comparing
      the kinetics of the reductase activities of the isolated succinate-ubiquinone
      oxidoreductase (complex II) of cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive cells
      respectively. No alternative-oxidase activity was found to be associated with the
      isolated complex II of cyanide-insensitive cells.

PMID- 6446901
TI  - Role of the subunits of the energy-transducing adenosine triphosphatase from
      Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes studied by proteolytic digestion and
      immunological approaches.
AB  - An energy-transducing adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3) that contains
      an extra polypeptide (delta) as well as three intrinsic subunits (alpha, beta,
      gamma) was purified from Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes. The apparent
      subunit stoichiometry of this soluble ATPase complex is alpha 3 beta 3 gamma
      delta. The functional role of the subunits was studied by correlating subunit
      sensitivity to trypsin and effect of antibodies raised against holo-ATPase and
      its alpha, beta and gamma subunits with changes in ATPase activity and ATPase
      rebinding to membranes. A form of the ATPase with the subunit proportions
      1.67(alpha):3.00(beta:0.17(gamma) was isolated after trypsin treatment of
      purified ATPase. This form has more than twice the specific activity of native
      enzyme. Other forms with less relative proportion of alpha subunits and absence
      of gamma subunit are not active. Of the antisera to subunits, only anti-(beta
      subunit) serum shows a slight inhibitory effect on ATPase activity, but its
      combination with either anti-(alpha-subunit) or anti-(gamma-subunit) serum
      increases the effect. The results suggest that beta subunit is required for full
      ATPase activity, although a minor proportion of alpha and perhaps gamma
      subunit(s) is also required, probably to impart an active conformation to the
      protein. The additional polypeptide not hitherto described in Micrococcus
      lysodeikticus ATPase had a molecular weight of 20 000 and was found to be
      involved in ATPase binding to membranes. This 20 000-dalton component can be
      equated with the delta subunit of other energy-transducing ATPases and its
      association with the (alpha, beta, gamma) M. lysodeikticus ATPase complex appears
      to be dependent on bivalent cations. The present results do not preclude the
      possibility that the gamma subunit also plays a role in ATPase binding, in which,
      however, the major subunits do not seem to play a role.

PMID- 6446902
TI  - Requirement for guanosine triphosphate for cholera-toxin-catalysed incorporation
      of adenosine diphosphate ribose into rat liver plasma membranes and for
      activation of adenylate cyclase.
AB  - 1. Cholera toxin was shown to require the presence of GTP to activate rat liver
      plasma-membrane adenylate cyclase. ATP did not affect the activation process. 2.
      Cholera toxin catalysed the incorporation of 32P from NAD labelled in the alpha
      phosphate group of the ADP moiety into a rat liver plasma-membrane protein with a
      subunit mol.wt. of 42 500. This is taken to demonstrate ADP-ribosylation. The ADP
      ribosylation of this protein also required GTP and was unaffected by ATP. 3.
      Nicotinamide inhibited both the activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin
      and the ADP-ribosylation of the protein of 42 500 subunit mol wt. Neither the
      activation nor the ADP-ribosylation could be reversed by treatment with
      nicotinamide in the presence of cholera toxin.

PMID- 6446903
TI  - Tryptophan pyrrolase in haem regulation. The relationship between the depletion
      of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase haem and the enhancement of 5-aminolaevulinate
      synthase activity by 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide.
AB  - Rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase haem is maximally depleted at 30 min after
      administration of a 400 mg/kg dose of 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide. This
      depletion lasts for 24 h, by which time 5-aminoleevulinate synthase activity
      becomes maximally enhanced. 2. though the above maximum depletion of pyrrolase
      haem (at 0.5h) is also produced by a 100 mg/kg dose of the porphyrogen, this does
      not enhance synthase activity at 24 h.  It and smaller doses, however, cause a
      smaller but earlier enhancement of synthase activity (maximum at 2 h) and produce
      a similarly short-lived deplation of pyrrolase haem. 3. The depletion of
      pyrrolase haem and the enhancement of synthase activity by the porphyrogen are
      inhibited by compound SKF 525-A and phenazine methosulphate, and are potentiated
      by nicotinamide but not by phenobarbitone. Phenazine methosulphate and
      nicotinamide also exert opposite effects on hexobarbital sleeping-time. 4. 2
      Allyl-2-isopropylacetamde also the depletes pyrrolase haem in vitro. It does so
      in liver homogenates of control rats in the presence, and in those of
      phenobarbitone-treated rats in the absence of added NADPH. 5. A discussion of the
      present results in relation to previous work with other haemoproteins suggests
      that, whereas cytochrome P-450 (haem) is primarily involved in the production of
      the active (porphyrogenic) metabolite(s) of 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide, the
      haem pool used by tryptophan pyrrolase may play an important role in the effects
      of this compound on haem biosynthesis.

PMID- 6446904
TI  - Protein synthesis by hybrid ribosomes reconstructed from rabbit reticulocyte
      ribosomal core-particles and amphibian or fungal split-proteins.
AB  - It was shown that high-salt (2.75 M-NH4Cl/69mM-MgCl2) shock treatment at 0
      degrees C of the larger subparticles (L-subparticles) of rabbit, Xenopus laevis
      and Neurospora crassa cytoplasmic ribosomes yielded split-protein fractions that
      were not only functionally equivalent but also interchangeable. Thus, although
      the remaining core-particles were inactive in both the puromycin reaction and in
      poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis, activity was restored when they
      were combined with either homologous or heterologous split-protein fractions.
      This technique was used to prepare active hybrid L-subparticles, e.g. rabbit
      cores/N. crassa split-proteins, and also active hybrid ribosomes, e.g. rabbit
      smaller subparticle/X. laevis core-particle/rabbit split-proteins. Rabbit and X.
      laevis split-protein fractions labelled with 14C by reductive methylation with
      [14C]formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride were both shown to bind to rabbit
      core-particles in approximate correlation with the degree of re-activation. The
      split-protein fractions of rabbit and X. laevis L-subparticles were analysed by
      two-dimensional and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
      The molecular weights (measured in sodium dodecyl sulphate gels) of the split
      proteins of rabbit and X. laevis L-subparticles were found to be similar. These
      results demonstrate that the peptidyltransferase active centre of cytoplasmic
      ribosomes of eukaryotes has components that are interchangeable over a wide
      evolutionary range. Evidently the essential molecular architecture of the active
      centre is highly conserved.

PMID- 6446905
TI  - Control in vivo of rat liver phosphofructokinase by glucagon and nutritional
      changes.
AB  - Glucagon (250 microgram/kg body wt.) intravenously injected into normal fed rats
      produces within 5 min a marked inactivation of liver phosphofructokinase, only
      observed when the enzyme activity is measured at subsaturating concentrations of
      fructose 6-phosphate. Since half-maximal inactivation is observed at a dose of
      glucagon of 0.32 microgram/body wt., a dose within the range of the physiological
      concentrations of the hormone, the inactivation of phosphofructokinase can occur
      in vivo in response to physiological changes in the concentration of glucagon. In
      gluconeogenic conditions (starved rats or high-protein-diet-fed rats), there is a
      marked inactivation of liver phosphofructokinase at subsaturating concentrations
      of fructose 6-phosphate similar to that found in normal fed rats after glucagon
      treatment. In these gluconeogenic conditions a 50% decrease in the Vmax. of the
      enzyme is also observed. No significant changes in phosphofructokinase activity
      either at subsaturating concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate or in the Vmax. of
      the enzyme are observed when rats are fed on a high-carbohydrate diet. In the
      last dietary condition, glucagon treatment produces similar effects to that
      described in the normal fed rats. Similar results have been obtained in the above
      condtions for pyruvate kinase L activity when measured at subsaturating
      concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate.

PMID- 6446906
TI  - Optical properties of japanese-lacquer-tree (Rhus vernicifera) laccase depleted
      of type 2 copper(II). Involvement of type-2 copper(II) in the 330nm chromophore.
AB  - 1. Spectroscopic and functional properties of Japanese-lacquer-tree (Rhus
      vernicifera) laccase were re-investigated, with special emphasis on the
      relationships between the different types of copper centres (Types 1, 2, and 3).
      2. On removal of the Type 2 Cu(II),  a decrease of absorbance occurred in the
      wavelength region above 650 nm (delta epsilon 750 = 300 M-1 . cm-1) and around
      330 nm (delta episom 330 up to 2200 M-1 . cm-1). 3. Reductive titrations with
      ascorbic acid or ferrocyanide showed that the electron-accepting capacity of the
      partial apoprotein is one electron-equivalent lower than that of the native
      protein, i.e. the protein two-electron acceptor is present in the oxidized state
      in spite of absorbance loss at 330 nm. 4. The 330 nm chromophore apparently
      depends on the presence of both the Type 2 and the Type 3 copper in the oxidized
      state. 5. This finding may have implications in the relative location of Type 2
      and 3 copper centres and on the redox behaviour of laccase.

PMID- 6446907
TI  - Titrations with ferrocyanide of japanese-lacquer-tree (Rhus vernicifera) laccase
      and of the type 2 copper-depleted enzyme. Interrelation of the copper sites.
AB  - 1. Redox titrations are reported of the metal centres in Japanese-lacquer-tree
      (Rhus vernicifera) laccase with ferrocyanide. 2. The redox potential of Type 1 Cu
      was found to increase with ferrocyanide concentration up to a limiting value
      similar to that for the Type 1 Cu in Type 2 Cu-depleted enzyme (which is
      independent of ferrocyanide concentration). 3. The redox potential of the two
      electron acceptor (Type 3 Cu) is also independent of ferrocyanide concentration
      in Type 2 Cu-depleted enzyme and lower than values reported for the native
      enzyme. 4. The two-electron acceptor is present in the oxidized state in the Type
      2 Cu-depleted enzyme, though the latter lacks the 330 nm absorption band. 5. The
      redox potential of Type 2 Cu also depends on ferrocyanide concentration, at least
      in the presence of azide. 6. The redox potentials are affected by freezing the
      solutions and/or addition of azide, the latter binding to Type 2 Cu with affinity
      dependent on the redox state of the two-electron acceptor.

PMID- 6446908
TI  - A protein activator of Mg2+-dependent, Ca2+-stimulated ATPase in human
      erythrocyte membranes distinct from calmodulin.
AB  - Treatment of extensively washed erythrocyte membranes with 0.1mm-EDTA decreased
      their Mg(2+)-dependent, Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase [(Mg(2+)+Ca(2+))-ATPase]
      activity. An activator released by this treatment restored the (Mg(2+)+Ca(2+))
      ATPase to its original value in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. This activator was
      different from calmodulin, as determined by a number of criteria. It was retained
      on an Amicon XM-100 ultrafiltration membrane (molecular-weight cut-off 100000);
      it appeared in the void volume of Sephadex G-100 and G-75 columns; it was not
      retained on a DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange column at ionic strengths similar to
      those used to retain calmodulin; and it maximally activated (Mg(2+)+Ca(2+))
      ATPase activity less than calmodulin and at a higher Ca(2+) concentration. Like
      calmodulin, the activator is heat-stable. The activator fraction isolated on a
      2.5-15% sucrose gradient in 0.16m-KCl showed a single band of mol.wt. 63000 and
      no calmodulin on 10%-polyacrylamide/sodium dodecyl sulphate gels. A trace amount
      of calmodulin was detected in the activator fraction by radioimmunoassay (approx.
      10pg/ml of ;ghosts'), but this amount was insufficient to account for the
      (Mg(2+)+Ca(2+))-ATPase activation. Furthermore, calmodulin-binding protein failed
      to inhibit (Mg(2+)+Ca(2+))-ATPase activity by more than 10-20% in the membrane
      preparations from which the activator was extracted. It was concluded that
      erythrocyte membranes contain a (Mg(2+)+Ca(2+))-ATPase activator that may
      attenuate the activation of the Ca(2+)-transport ATPase by calmodulin.

PMID- 6446909
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans of human uterine cervix: heparan sulfate increase with
      reference to cervical ripening.

PMID- 6446910
TI  - Starch in fungi IV. The lipoprotein amylose-precipitating factor.

PMID- 6446911
TI  - The phosphorylation of high mobility group proteins 14 and 17 from Ehrlich
      ascites and L1210 in vitro.

PMID- 6446912
TI  - Gene dosage effect for glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase in human fibroblasts
      trisomic for chromosome 21.

PMID- 6446913
TI  - Modulation of human erythrocyte Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase activity by phospholipase A2 and
      proteases. A comparison with calmodulin.

PMID- 6446914
TI  - Photodynamic action of bilirubin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
      Implications for the organization of the mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 6446915
TI  - Increased thymidylate synthetase in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine resistant cultured
      hepatoma cells.

PMID- 6446916
TI  - Key enzymes of glycolysis in brain as influenced by thiopental.
AB  - It has been demonstrated in previous work that hexokinase is solubilized from the
      mitochondrial membrane in anesthesia. In the present investigation this effect
      was strongly correlated with the surgical stage of anesthesia by the application
      of thiopental to rats (80 mg/kg), mice (100 mg/kg) and guinea pigs (32 mg/kg).
      The solubilization of hexokinase was demonstrable, too, in different areas of rat
      brains under thiopental treatment (80 mg/kg). In order to elevate the cerebral
      concentration of glucose 6-phosphate, which is the most potent substrate for the
      solubilization of bound hexokinase, male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with
      the antimetabolite 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN). After i.p. injection of 6-AN (35
      mg/kg) we measured an increased activity of soluble brain hexokinase in the same
      order of magnitude as it was determined in anesthesia. Thiopental application did
      not show a further significant increase. A solubilization of hexokinase activity
      by 6-AN was not measurable in vitro. Furthermore, we examined the other key
      enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. We found a competitive inhibition of
      phosphofrucktokinase activity by thiopental, but no inhibition of hexokinase and
      pyruvate-kinase activity.

PMID- 6446917
TI  - [Training of personnel for health services research operations in Latin America].

PMID- 6446918
TI  - [Influence of the level of training of the nursing staff and the checking time of
      manual counting of arterial pulse frequencies].

PMID- 6446919
TI  - [Enterocolitis caused by Salmonella: report on an extensive outbreak due to
      contaminated food in Trujillo, Peru].

PMID- 6446920
TI  - [Estimation of micro areas: application of 3 methods to a survey of national
      health interviews in the United States of America].

PMID- 6446921
TI  - [Influence of social and environmental factors on infant mortality].

PMID- 6446922
TI  - [The use of antibiotics: penicillins].

PMID- 6446923
TI  - [Residues of diphacinone in cadavers of vampire bats: a laboratory study].

PMID- 6446924
TI  - [Sewage disposal, water supply and endemic diarrhea in an urban slum in Cali,
      Colombia].

PMID- 6446925
TI  - [Progress of the extending health service coverage program to rural Mexico].

PMID- 6446926
TI  - [Suicides and self-inflicted wounds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

PMID- 6446927
TI  - [Activities in the health sector in the prevention of traffic accidents].

PMID- 6446928
TI  - [Goat and human brucellosis in the department of Rivadavia, province of Salta,
      Argentina].

PMID- 6446929
TI  - Sensory responses of human skin to synthetic histamine analogues and histamine.
AB  - The potential for itch production in human skin of the synthetic analogues of
      histamine, 2-methyl histamine (an H1-receptor agonist) and 4-methyl histamine and
      dimaprit (H2-receptor agonists) has been studied in vivo and compared with
      histamine. Itch thresholds for 2-methyl histamine were consistently much higher
      than for histamine (P < 0.001). The H1-receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine
      raised the itch thresholds to 2-methyl histamine and histamine significantly (P <
      0.001). Pruritus was not obtained with either 4-methyl histamine or dimaprit. No
      evidence of synergism between 2-methyl histamine and either 4-methyl histamine or
      dimaprit was found. The results suggest that histamine-induced pruritus is
      mediated in part through the H1-receptor and in part via an additional (but
      probably non-H2) mechanism.

PMID- 6446930
TI  - Effect of hydrophobic carboxyl reagents on the proton flux through coupling
      factor CF0 in thylakoid membrane.

PMID- 6446931
TI  - Activation of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase by F-actin and reconstituted thin
      filaments.
AB  - Striking effects of F-actin and the reconstituted thin filament of muscle on the
      catalytic activity of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase are demonstrated through
      direct measurements of enzymatic activity by using the pH stat. The addition of F
      actin to solutions of phosphofructokinase at low ionic strength (10 mM KCl and 5
      mM MgCl2) partially reverses the inhibition of the enzyme seen at high ATP
      concentrations and increases the apparent affinity of the enzyme for fructose 6
      phosphate with slight effect on Vmax. F-Actin augments the activation of the
      enzyme obtained with AMP and partially counters the inhibition obtained with
      citrate. The maximum effect in the reversal of ATP inhibition is about the same
      for combinations of either F-actin or the thin filament with AMP as it is for AMP
      alone. In general, the effect of F-actin on the catalytic activity of
      phosphofructokinase is larger than that of the thin filament. The activation of
      phosphofructokinase by F-actin persists at physiological ionic strength.

PMID- 6446932
TI  - Fractionation and characterization of antibodies elicited phi X174
      deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybrid.

PMID- 6446933
TI  - Proton translocation catalyzed by the electrogenic ATPase in the plasma membrane
      of Neurospora.

PMID- 6446934
TI  - Identification of the hydrolytic moiety of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+
      ATPase and demonstration of a phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate in its catalytic
      mechanism.

PMID- 6446935
TI  - Metabolic modulation of stoichiometry in a proton pump.
AB  - The current-voltage characteristics of the ATP-dependent proton pump in the
      plasma membrane of Neurospora have been explored under varied metabolic
      conditions imposed by mutation and by differential respiratory inhibition. The
      reversal potential, or presumed equilibrium potential, for the pump was observed
      at about -400 mV under energy-replete conditions, and at about -200 mV during a
      stable metabolic downshift of 55 percent. Steady-state levels of adenine
      nucleotides and inorganic phosphate, however, were not affected by this partial
      energy restriction, so that under both normal and restricted conditions the
      apparent free energy of ATP hydrolysis remained near -500 mV. The results suggest
      that a normal pump stoichiometry of 1 H+ extruded/1 ATP split is modified to 2
      H+/1 ATP, by chronic energy restriction.

PMID- 6446936
TI  - Quercetin interaction with the chloroplast ATPase complex.
AB  - 1. Quercetin, a flavonoid which acts as an energy transfer inhibitor in
      photophosphorylation is shown to inhibit the P-ATP exchange activity of membrane
      bound CF1 and the ATPase activity of isolated CF1. Quercetin, affects also the
      proton uptake in chloroplasts in a manner similar to that of
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. 2. The light-dependent proton uptake in EDTA-treated
      chloroplasts is stimulated by quercetin. In untreated chloroplasts quercetin has
      a dual effect: it enhances at pH above 7.5 while at lower pH values it decreases
      the extent of H+ uptake. Similar effects were obtained with
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. 3. Like quercetin, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was also
      found to inhibit the ATPase activity of isolated CF1. 4. Quercetin inhibits
      uncoupled electron transport induced by either EDTA-treatment of chloroplasts or
      by addition of uncouplers. Quercetin restores H+ uptake in both types of
      uncoupled chloroplasts. 5. The mode of action of quercetin and
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in photophosphorylation is discussed, and interaction
      with both CF1 and F0 is suggested.

PMID- 6446937
TI  - Cytoplasmic and plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase of polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils: comparison of their enzymatic properties and attempt for a direct
      determination of myosin ATPase activity using polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      extract.
AB  - Enzymatic properties of the ATPase of the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic myosin
      B from guinea-pig polymorphonuclear neutrophils were compared. In the plasma
      membrane, Mg2+- and Ca2+-activated ATPases showed the same dependence pattern on
      KCl concentration and pH, i.e., both ATPases increased with decreasing KCl
      concentration and with rising pH until pH 9.0. The maximum activation of Mg2+
      ATPase was observed at 1 . 10(-3) M Mg2+. On the other hand, EDTA-activated
      ATPase activity was so low that no clear dependence curve was obtained. In myosin
      B, Mg2+-ATPase activity was below one-tenth that of the plasma membrane ATPase
      with the maximum activation at 1 . 10(-2) M Mg2+ and pH 9.0 EDTA- and Ca2+
      activated ATPase exhibited almost the same activity and the same KCl-dependence
      curve, i.e., both ATPases increased and increasing KCl concentration. With regard
      to pH-dependence, Ca2+-ATPase showed a U-shaped curve with the minimum at pH 7.0,
      wherease EDTA-activated ATPase indicated a bell-shaped curve with the maximum at
      pH 9.0. Based on the findings that the EDTA-activated ATPase activity was hardly
      detected in the plasma membrane but high in myosin B, the distribution of ATPase
      activity on subcellular fractions was studied and the results obtained that the
      myosin-ATPase activity could be directly measured using the polymorphonuclear
      neutrophil extract if the EDTA-activated ATPase activity was used as an enzymatic
      marker for myosin.

PMID- 6446938
TI  - Phospholipid-dependent assembly of mitochondrial ATPase complex.
AB  - 1. Phosphatidylcholines of different acyl-chain composition and a preparation of
      ATPase complex depleted of phospholipids have been employed in order to evaluate
      the contribution of lipid bilayer to the assembly of this multi-subunit component
      of mitochondrial membrane. 2. At the minimal requirement for bilayer assembly
      (dinonanoylphosphatidylcholine, mixtures of lysophosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylcholine), fragments with oligomycin-insensitive ATPase activity are
      reconstituted. Conformational changes with dislocation of ATPase complex subunits
      may explain these results. 3. At increased strength of acyl-chain interaction
      (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine and higher homologues), the damage to the ATPase
      complex is prevented but this is not sufficient to achieve functional
      restoration. Bilayers with a tendency to coalesce and fuse aggregate in large
      amounts with the complex and yield low ATPase reactivation. Bilayers of high
      stability yield complexes with physiological content of phospholipids and
      efficient ATPase activity. Transition between these two possibilities is found at
      sixteen carbon acyl-chains. Only at this chain length does the cholate dialysis
      procedure of reconstitution become feasible. 4. It is concluded that a minimum of
      16 carbon atoms in each chain are required to organize a bilayer structurable to
      maintain the ATPase complex conformation and to sustain the transmembrane
      position of the whole assembly.

PMID- 6446939
TI  - Studies on the enzymatic synthesis of enterochelin in Escherichia coli K-12,
      Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Physical association of
      enterochelin synthetase components in vitro.
AB  - Further evidence is presented in support of the proposal made previously
      (Greenwood, K.T. and Luke, R.K.J. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 454, 285-297)
      that components of the Escherichia coli enterochelin synthetase system
      physicaloly associate to form enzyme complexes. Evidence for the existence of
      three enzyme complexes, designated in order of increasing stability G-D < F-D < F
      D-G, has been obtained following gel filtration and chromatography on DEAE
      Sephadex. Persistence of the F-D and G-D complexes during chromatography appears
      to depend on the flow rate of the column. On the basis of complementation with
      appropriate ent mutants of E. coli, activities corresponding to those of the D,
      E, F and G components of enterochelin synthetase in E. coli have been detected in
      cell-extracts of both Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae (formerly
      Aerobacter aerogenes) strains. These are designated D', E', F' and G' activities.
      Components E' and G' are eluted from Sephadex G-100 in similar fashion to their
      E. coli counterparts. Peaks of F' and D' activities however, are eluted together
      at a position corresponding to that of the E. coli F component. We suggest that
      in S. typhimurium and K. pneumoniae, either a single polypeptide combines the
      functions of the E. coli F and D components, or that separate F' and D'
      components form a stable complex and that activity of uncomplexed D' and
      component was not detected under the conditions used during chromatography and
      assay.

PMID- 6446940
TI  - Metabolism of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in rat hepatocytes. Synthesis of
      heparan sulfate and distribution into cellular and extracellular pools.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes grown in a serum-free medium supplemented
      with [35S]sulfate synthesize 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans at an almost
      constant rate for 58 h. Approx. 57% of the newly synthesized 35S-labelled
      glycosaminoglycans remain within the hepatocytes, approx. 30% become associated
      with the cell surface and only 13% are secreted into the medium. The amount of
      cell-surface-associated 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans became constant within 36
      h, whereas no equilibrium was reached in the intra- and extracellular pool.
      During a 24 h chase more than 50% of the intracellular and cell-surface
      associated 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans disappears, more than 80% of this
      material is degraded and radioactivity is recovered as inorganic sulfate. A minor
      part is released into the medium in a macromolecular form. Heparan sulfate
      accounts for more than 95% of the 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans in each of the
      three pools. It is distinguished from heparan sulfates from other sources by the
      presence of unsubstituted glucosamine residues. In all three pools, heparan
      sulfate chains of mean molecular weights between 24 000 and 30 000 are part of an
      alkali labile proteoglycan. Intra- and extracellularly, however, part of the
      heparan sulfate appears to have little, if any, protein attached. Hepatocytes
      contain heparan sulfate-degrading endoglycosidase activity, which may contribute
      to the variation of molecular weights observed for the heparan sulfate.

PMID- 6446941
TI  - [Multiplicity of auto-oscillations and steady states in an open reaction
      catalyzed by E. coli phosphofructokinase. Quantitative model].
AB  - A quantitative mathematical model of two-substrate reaction catalized by
      phosphofructokinase from E. coli has been investigated. The model takes into
      account the tetrameric enzyme structure and resulting kinetic peculiarities of
      the reaction catalized, in particular, iso-and alosteric effects of ADP on enzyme
      activity. Fitting of the model parameters to experimental data allowed to
      approximate these data with good accuracy. The ranges of admitted rates of
      fructose-6-phosphate input and ATP regeneration at which autooscillations and
      multiple steady-states occur in the system have been calculated. A minimal open
      system with three enzymes has been proposed for experimental demonstration of the
      autooscillatory behaviour.

PMID- 6446942
TI  - The choroid plexus and system disease in mental illness. I. A new brain attack
      mechanism via the second blood--brain barrier.
AB  - Schizophrenia and certain idiopathic neuroses and retardations may be caused by
      polygenic sensitization to exogeneous peptide antigens or viruses causing a
      covert immune complex basal lamina disease of the choroid plexus. This organ has
      the general structure and disease susceptibility of many other transport organs
      but acts as a second blood--brain barrier putting at risk to contamination and
      dysfunction the periventricular primary personality (limbic) brain now thought to
      be centrally involved in schizophrenia. Genetic variability selects different
      antigens and different target organs so that a complex statistical structure of
      disease expression can result over the transport organ group as well as between
      this group and the endocrines and exocrines. This leads to the concept of intra-
      and intercombined system diseases all of which may have a covert biphasic (hyper
      hypo) time course. To this extrinsic combinatorial complexity may be added an
      intrinsic or neural combinatorial complexity resulting from the fact that the
      choroid plexus is threaded throughout the limbic system and subject to spotty
      disease characteristic of many immunopathies. In this way a wide range of
      behavioral disorders may arise as well as mental retardations if the process
      occurs during development. In this paper we discuss basic mechanisms. In the next
      paper of the series we examine systemic lupus erythematosus, the prototypical
      "combined transport dysfunction," as a model for schizophrenia. In the last paper
      we search for specific exogeneous peptide triggers for schizophrenia viewed as
      one expression of combined transport organ dysfunction. We conclude that
      immunofluorescent and virological surveys should be conducted in all mental
      illnesses as well as clinical trials of interferon therapy and elemental diets.

PMID- 6446943
TI  - Another look at the Sparks-Mandril arterial graft precursor for vascular repair. 
      Pathology by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The Sparks-Mandril blood vessel precursor system, an autogenous tissue growth
      promoting device, in spite of its ingenuity and its surgical elegance, has
      received only limited usage. At technique for peripheral blood vessels by several
      authors. In the latter period, this laboratory also undertook similar work. The
      results of seven implantations in dogs and two in patients are reported here in
      the context of a program on the evaluation of blood vessel substitutes, their
      mode of operation and their long term performance. The clinical status and the
      pathology of the grafts at time of failure were investigated using techniques of
      scanning electron microscopy. This work confirms the findings of other centres
      regarding the generally unsatisfactory performance of the Sparks-Mandril system.
      Possible causes for failure in mandril-formed blood vessels are discussed.

PMID- 6446944
TI  - Control mechanisms in the morphogeneses of bacteriophage heads.

PMID- 6446945
TI  - [Effect of thyroxine on the function of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic
      reticulum].
AB  - Thyrotoxicosis in rabbits was induced by prolonged intraperitoneal injection of L
      thyroxin. The development of thyroxicosis was assoiated with a decreased Ca2+
      accumulation rate by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) fragments and a lowered Ca2+
      dependent ATPase activity. As compared to the analogous parameters in normal
      animals. Ca2+ accumulation rate and ATPase activity of thyrotoxicosis animals
      decreased by 60 and 25%, respectively. The changes in the specific parameters of
      SR were also observed during incubation of normal SR samples in the medium
      containing thyroxin (10-5 M). The changes seen in SR functioning in
      thyrotoxicosis animals are likely to be related to structural rearrangements of
      lipoprotein surroundings of Ca-ATPase.

PMID- 6446946
TI  - [Effect of disseminated myocardial necrosis on ATPase activity, Ca2+ transport,
      and lipid peroxidation in cardiac mitochondrial and microsomal membranes].
AB  - Isoproterenol-induced (5 mg/kg) disseminated necrosis of the rabbit myocardium
      led to a decrease in the efficiency of calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      fragments. This was shown by the reduced Ca/ATP ratio, as well as by Ca2+ and
      Ca2+ ATPase accumulation rate. In these conditions, calcium transport to
      mitochondria increased. Lipid peroxidation plays a definite role in the
      impairment of membrane permeability since the concentration of malonic dialdehyde
      rises in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions.U

PMID- 6446947
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of hepatoma 22a cell division after exposure to liver chalone].
AB  - Chalone isolated from the cells of the normal rat liver exerts a pronounced
      inhibitory action on hepatoma 22a cell division during 9 hours after its
      administration. Then the mitotic activity of hepatoma cells returns to the
      control level, but after 15 hours it starts to diminish again. The total amount
      of cells that entered the mitotic cycle during the experiment declined by 30% as
      compared to the control. Thus, hepatic chalone produces a reversible inhibition
      of hepatoma cell division in G2 and G1 phases of the mitotic cycle and lessens
      the fraction of dividing cells over a period of 24 hours.

PMID- 6446948
TI  - [Change in the structure of fibroblast chromatin in a patient with Down's disease
      and his mother].
AB  - A clear-cut difference between chromatin melting curves of cells from the patient
      with Down's disease and his mother and ones from healthy individuals and the
      proband's father was shown by fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange
      staining on human fibroblasts incubated in autologous serum. These data suggest
      the presence of an obvious genetic correlation between phenotypically healthy
      mother and her sick child. The identity of the chromatin structure of the
      patients detected both on lymphocytes and other type of cells, human fibroblasts,
      allows a suggestion that the phenomenon of the altered chromatin structure is
      typical generally of the given individual's tissues. Certain changes in the cell
      chromatin structure are mediated by the effect of autologous serum.

PMID- 6446949
TI  - [Lymph node B-suppressor cells].

PMID- 6446950
TI  - [Reaction between isolated lambda phage DNA and membrane structures of
      Escherichia coli cells].
AB  - The saccharose density gradient (30--55%) centrifugation technique applied to E.
      coli membrane preparations was used to show that treatment of the bacteria with
      Ca2+ in the cold results in the redistribution of the absorbed phage DNA from the
      cell wall to the cytoplasmic membrane while freezing-thawing of the bacteria
      leads to equal distribution of the infectious DNA among all membrane fractions.
      Quantitative estimation of such a redistribution is reported.

PMID- 6446951
TI  - Neurotensin-induced hypothermia: evidence for an interaction with dopaminergic
      systems and the hypothalamic--pituitary--thyroid axis.
AB  - Neurotensin (NT), an endogenous tridecapeptide, produces significant hypothermia
      after intracisternal (i.c.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in
      microgram quantities in a variety of laboratory animals. The present study sought
      to clarify the mechanism of the hypothermic action by utilizing pharmacological
      treatments which alter the function of brain neurotransmitter systems.
      Pretreatment of rats with anti-muscarinic (atropine), anti-noradrenergic
      (propranolol, a beta-blocker; phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-blocker) or anti-opiate
      (naloxone) agents did not significantly alter NT-induced hypothermia. Similarly
      depletion of brain serotonin (5-HT) with parachlorophenylalanine did not affect
      NT-induced hypothermia. However, depletion of brain catecholamine content with 6
      hydroxydopamine resulted in a significant potentiation of NT-induced hypothermia
      as did pretreatment with haloperidol, a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist.
      Furthermore, in rats with selective depletions of brain DA, but not
      norepinephrine (NE), NT-induced hypothermia was significantly augmented. Thus an
      interaction between brain DA systems and NT appears likely. These data indicate
      that NT-induced hypothermia is not dependent on intact functional activity of NE,
      5-HT, muscarinic ACh or endogenous opiate systems but suggests interactions
      between brain DA circuits and NT. In other experiments, NT-induced hypothermia
      was found to be antagonized significantly by i.c. injection of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH), but not by pretreatment with L-triiodothyronine. Another
      endogenous tripeptide (Pro--Leu--Gly--NH2, MIF-I) had no effect. Thyroidectomy
      (THX) significantly potentiated NT-induced hypothermia; NT administered i.c.
      significantly reduced the high serum TSH levels of THX rats. Thus, NT and TRH,
      two endogenous peptides, appear to be antagonists in certain systems.

PMID- 6446952
TI  - Anterograde and transsynaptic degeneration 'en cascade' in basal ganglia induced
      by intrastriatal injection of kainic acid: an animal analogue of Huntington's
      disease.
AB  - Damage of striatal neurons by kainic acid (KA) induces an anterograde and
      transsynaptic degeneration 'en cascade' in the globus pallidus (GP) and
      substantia nigra (SN). By causing only degeneration of projections arising from
      KA-sensitive striatal neurons while sparing the connections of KA-resistant
      striatal neurons, the lesion-induced alterations of the basal ganglia show a
      characteristic pattern which bears a close resemblance with the neuropathological
      changes occurring in Huntington's disease: (1) severe degeneration of small and
      medium-sized striatal neurons, of pallidal neurons and the neurons of the pars
      reticulata of the SN, and (2) sparing of large striatal neurons, 'peripallidal'
      (nucleus basalis) neurons and neurons of the pars compacta of the SN. The
      probable interconnections of both the degenerated and the spared neuronal groups
      are discussed with respect to the present concept of the neuronal organization
      and biochemical neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia.

PMID- 6446953
TI  - [Participation of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle cells of the myocardium
      in the development of experimental cardiomegaly in the early postnatal period
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446954
TI  - [Concentrations of serum iodothyronines during starvation in genetically obese
      mice].
AB  - Examination of the thyroid hormones levels of genetically obese mice (ob /ob) 
      and their lean littermates (Ob/-) revealed high concentration of 3,5,3' triiodo-L
      thyronine (T3) in obese mice reflecting probably an increased of peripheral L
      thyroxine (T4) deiodination to T3. During starvation, peripheral T4 metabolism is
      shunted from activating (T3) to inactivating pathway (3,3',5' triiodo-L
      thyronine, rT3) in both groups of animals.

PMID- 6446955
TI  - [Metabolism of (1-14C) cholesteryl oleate in the brain of the cat].
AB  - Following injection into the cerebral ventricles of conscious cats, cholesteryl
      oleate (-1-14C) was taken up, hydrolysed and included into a variety of brain
      lipids. The peak of uptake of cholesteryl oleate (-1-14C) into the brain tissue
      was obtained 4 h after its administration. The peak of hydrolysis occurred 48 h
      following intraventricular administration of cholesteryl oleate (-1-14C).
      Cholesterol esters and free fatty acids decreased, while phospholipids increased
      within 48 h following injection of labelled cholesteryl oleate. Small percentage
      of the radioactive material was found in triglycerides, monoglycerides and
      diglycerides. The radioactive material was found in the brain tissue surrounding
      the cerebral ventricles and in the cerebral cortex, but in varying amounts: the
      highest in the thalamus and in the caudate nucleus, while the smallest in the
      cerebral cortex. The labelled material in these structures increased within first
      4 h after its intraventricular injection and thereafter slowly decreased, but by
      the end of 48 h it was still retained in appreciable amounts.

PMID- 6446956
TI  - [Effects of atropine and scopolamine on the aggressive behavior and convulsions
      induced by carbachol and eserine injected into the cerebral ventricles of the
      cat].

PMID- 6446957
TI  - [Effects of actinomycin D combined with testosterone on regression of in vitro
      cultured mammary buds of the fetal mouse].
AB  - Effects of actinomycin and testosterone, alone or associated, were studied on the
      regression of fetal mouse mammary gland cultivated in vitro to elucidate the role
      of testosterone on physiological mecanisms of target cells.

PMID- 6446958
TI  - [Study of endocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages using colloid particles
      labelled with Technetium 99 m].
AB  - Endocytosis of radioactive technetium colloid by murine peritoneal macrophages
      cultures is measured after incubation. The results show a time and temperature
      dependant phenomen, reduced by hydrocortisone and inhibitor of glycolysis (NaF).
      Cytochalasine B and colchicine have no effect on the uptake of Technetium sulfur
      colloid. These results suggest that the pinocytosis of technetium colloid is
      independent of the actions of microfilaments and microtubules.

PMID- 6446959
TI  - [Effects of the absence of females on the sexual maturation of male mice].
AB  - Male mice were assigned to two groups. Group I: 3 males and 3 females in
      cohabitation from birth to sacrifice. Group II: litters of 6 males placed, after
      weaning, in a female-free room. 15-20 animals of each group were sacrificed from
      30 to 90 days. Sexual maturation, characterized by testicular and seminal vesicle
      growth and by plasma testosterone levels, followed a similar pattern in both
      groups. Only minor difference were observed. These findngs suggest that female
      stimuli are not a necessary factor of sexual maturation in male mouse.

PMID- 6446960
TI  - [Effects of an organophosphorous pesticide, dichlorvos, on germ cells of the
      undifferentiated gonads of young quail embryos].
AB  - In quail embryos, issued from eggs injected, before incubation, with oil solution
      of DDVP, the germ population was strongly reducted. However, at the 24 stage of
      embryonic development, the germ deficit is lower than at older stage (29). This
      deficit may be due to an inhibition of their gonadic colonizing capacity and an
      excessive rate of cell death.

PMID- 6446961
TI  - [Effects of propham and chloropropham on mitosis in cultured human lymphocytes.
      Ultrastructural study].
AB  - Propham and Chloropropham disturb the several mitotic figure components of
      proliferating human lymphocytes. The tubular structures, affected in preference
      by the C.I.P.C., become abnormal, disorganized or disappear. The chromosomal
      changes (protuberances,absence of condensation and chromosomal bridges) are
      principally given by I.P.C. I.P.C. and C.I.P.C. lead to the disappearance of the
      endoplasmic reticulum. These effects are correlated with the action of the two
      pesticides on DNA and protein synthesis.

PMID- 6446962
TI  - [Effects of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid on tooth morphogenesis and
      cytodifferentiation in mice].
AB  - The effect of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid on tooth differentiation was studied
      in mouse embryos. This proline analogue produced reversible delay of
      morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation.

PMID- 6446963
TI  - [Changes in intestinal motility after intravenous injection of alcohol].
AB  - It has been well established that the electrical activity of the small intestine
      consists, in the fasting state, in a cyclic phenomenon - the myoelectric complex 
      that recurs at about 90 minutes intervals in the dog. The myoelectric complex is
      disrupted by oral feeding whereas intravenous feeding does not change the
      cyclically recurring myoelectric activity. The aim of our work was to investigate
      whether intravenous ethanol was followed by changes in the myoelectric complex. 5
      dogs were prepared with Ag AgCl electrodes sewn in the jejunum. After 15 days
      recovery, the electrical activity was recorded in the dogs fasted for 24 hours,
      after injection of 100% ethanol at doses of 2, 5 and 10 ml, the total volume of
      the solution being adjusted to 20 ml with saline. Controls were made with saline
      154 mM. Each experiment was repeated twice. The effects of alcohol were studied
      on the 3 interdigestive cycles following injections of alcohol. The results
      showed that neither saline nor ethanol at dose of 2 ml did change the myoelectric
      complex with cycle was meanly of 90 +/- 3 minutes +/- SEM. On the contrary
      injection of ethanol at doses of 5 and 10 ml was followed by a disruption of the
      myoelectric complex during respectively 195 +/- 9 and 200 +/- 8 minutes. These
      results indicate that intravenous ethanol significantly interrupts the
      myoelectric complex. Therefore, ethanol cannot be considered as a usual nutriment
      as far as its effect on the electrical activity of the intestine is concerned.

PMID- 6446964
TI  - [Effects of experimental hyperammonemia on the secretion of insulin and glucagon
      in the rat].
AB  - In order to investigate the controverted effect of ammonia on insulin and
      glucagon secretion 3 groups of 55 rats were perfused either by Na+ acetate
      (controls), either by NH4+ acetate: in the first group plasma insulin (IRI) and
      glucagon (IRG) levels were compared before and after perfusion; the second group
      was supplemented by glucose perfusion (1 g/100 g/hour); in the last group an
      arginine perfusion (1 g/kg/min) was started 15 min after the beginning of NH4+ or
      Na acetate and IRI and IRG levels were determined in the portal blood.
      Hyperammonemia, which reached about 500 microgram/dl, reduced significantly the
      IRI portal level and the IRI secretion induced by glucose or arginine, whereas
      basal or stimulated IRG levels are not modified. The ratio IRI:IRG is diminished
      in each group perfused with NH4+ acetate. Our results show that ammonia inhibits
      insulin without modifications in the glucagon secretion; hyperglucagonemia and
      hyperinsulinism reported in hepatic encephalopathy with chronic hyperammonemia
      may not be attributed to an effect of ammonia.

PMID- 6446965
TI  - [Effects of inhibin on the in vitro synthesis of desoxyribonucleic acid in the
      rat testis].
AB  - Three preparations of inhibin extracted from ram rete testis fluid (RTF) and from
      human seminal plasma (HSP) reduce tritiated thymidine incorporation into
      testicular desoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) in vitro. Effect of low molecular
      inhibin from RTF is dose-dependent. Castrated ram serum does not modify
      testicular DNA synthesis in vitro. Besides their suppressive action on follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in vivo and in vitro, these inhibin
      preparation display a direct inhibiting effect on testicular DNA synthesis and,
      thus, on mitotic activity. Identity between inhibin and testicular chalones are
      discussed.

PMID- 6446966
TI  - [Effects of leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin on prolactin and
      gonadotropin secretion and synthesis in vitro].
AB  - In vivo, Enkephalins, stimulate PRL, inhibit LH and are inactive on FSH. However,
      in monolayer pituitary cell cultures, PRL, LH and FSH secretions and synthesis
      are not modified by Met-Enk. (5 microgram/ml) or Leu-Enk. (5 and 10
      microgram/ml). But the simultaneous presence of LHRH and Enk. induces an increase
      in LH secretion and synthesis without modifying FSH and PRL. In conclusion 1) Enk
      do not act by themself at the pituitary level but 2) they are able to modify the
      responses induced by hypothalamic hormones.

PMID- 6446967
TI  - Studies of the structure--function relationships of Neurospora crassa pyruvate
      kinase: interaction with blue dextran--sepharose and Cibacron blue 3G-A.
AB  - Blue dextran--Sepharose and Cibacron blue 3G-A interact with pyruvate kinase of
      Neurospora crassa. The enzyme is readily released from the substituted Sepharose
      column by elution with 0.17 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.9), or 2 mM
      fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), but not with either of the substrates, ADP and
      phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), at 2 mM. Cibacron blue 3G A is a noncompetitive
      inhibitor of pyruvate kinase with respect to both substrates. It appears to
      compete with the allosteric effector, FDP, for binding to the enzyme surface. A
      lack of elution of the enzyme from the immobilized blue dextran matrix by adenine
      nucleotides and the absence of a difference spectrum in the 650- to 700-nm range
      suggest that a "dinucleotide-fold" substructure is not implicated in the dye
      binding sites on pyruvate kiase. The interaction of Cibacron blue 3G-A and this
      enzyme can be followed fluorometrically; incremental additon of the dye to the
      enzyme solution results in a progressive decrease in the fluorescence of surface
      tryptophanyl residues. The quenching of fluorescence of exposed aromatic groups
      is subject to reversal following addition of FDP to the pyruvte kinase--Cibacron
      blue complex.

PMID- 6446968
TI  - Branching-enzyme activity of an alpha-D-glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus
      mutans.

PMID- 6446969
TI  - Myocardial morphometrics in pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy and
      regression.

PMID- 6446970
TI  - [Laparoscopy in patients over 60 year of age (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446971
TI  - Studies on the in vivo induction and suppression of direct and lectin-dependent,
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6446972
TI  - Antigen modulation of the immune response. VI. Rate of large memory cell
      appearance in lymph nodes and thoracic duct lymph.

PMID- 6446973
TI  - Cyclic fluctuations of the mitotic Ca2+-ATPase during the cell cycle of the
      myxomycete Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - The occurrence of the mitotic Ca2+-ATPase, resembling the enzyme described for
      higher organisms, is demonstrated in multinuclear plasmodia of the myxomycete
      Physarum polycephalum. The activity of this enzyme undergoes cyclic fluctuations
      during the synchronous nuclear cycle with a minimum in early G2-phase and a
      maximum around the time of mitosis.

PMID- 6446974
TI  - [Estimation of HBsAG by simple radial immunodiffusion (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446975
TI  - [Contribution to sterilization by formaldehyde and peracetic acid vapours
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446976
TI  - [Quantitative comparison of Endo's and MacConkey's medium (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446977
TI  - [Mass incidence of aseptic meningitis in the North Moravian region caused by
      Echovirus type 6 (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446978
TI  - [Contribution to the experimental Serratia marcescens infection (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6446979
TI  - [Electron-microscopic investigation of Mycobacteria cultivated under conditions
      of inadequate nutrition (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446980
TI  - [Application of screening methods in virological serology (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446981
TI  - [Influence of iron on the course of bacterial infections (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446982
TI  - [Eradication of mosquito larvae by means of home-prepared sand granules (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6446983
TI  - [Metronidazol--its therapeutical uses in rosacea (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446984
TI  - [Laparoscopic sterilization with the aid of the Yoon ring].

PMID- 6446985
TI  - [The role of circulating immunocomplexes in the pathogenesis of diseases].

PMID- 6446986
TI  - Fractional contributions of the right and left coronary arteries to perfusion of
      normal and hypertrophied right ventricles of conscious dogs.

PMID- 6446987
TI  - Sudden death in young athletes.
AB  - The causes of sudden and unexpected death in 29 highly conditioned, competitive
      athletes, ages 13-30 years, are summarized. Sudden death occurred during or just
      after severe exertion on the athletic field in 22 of the 29 athletes. Structural
      cardiovascular abnormalities were identified at necropsy in 28 of the 29 athletes
      (97%), and in 22 (76%) were almost certainly the cause of death. The most common
      cause of death in this series was hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which was present
      in 14 athletes. Other cardiovascular abnormalities that occurred in more than one
      athlete were anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right
      (anterior) sinus of Valsalva, idiopathic concentric left ventricular hypertrophy,
      coronary heart disease and ruptured aorta. Cardiac disease was suspected during
      life in only seven of the 29 patients, and in only two of the seven was the
      correct diagnosis made clinically. Hence, in this series of young athletes,
      sudden death was usually due to structural cardiovascular disease, and
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was a frequent cause of sudden death; atherosclerotic
      coronary heart disease was relatively uncommon.

PMID- 6446988
TI  - Effect of left ventricular hypertrophy on myocardial blood flow and ventricular
      performance in systemic hypertension.

PMID- 6446989
TI  - Ventricular performance, pump function and compensatory mechanisms in patients
      with aortic stenosis.

PMID- 6446990
TI  - Plasmapheresis therapy of immunologic disease. Report of nine cases and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 6446991
TI  - Conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate to oestrogens in intraphepatic
      cholestasis and other complications of pregnancy.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine whether pregnancy complications
      themselves influence the conversion rate of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
      (DHAS) to oestrogens during pregnancy. 100 mg DHAS was given intravenously to
      seven women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, nine women with
      preeclampsia, nine diabetics, ten with twins and eight women with normal
      pregnancy between 31--40 weeks of gestation. Serum oestradiol (E2) and oestriol
      (E3) were measured with specific radioimmunoassays before and 1--5 h after DHAS
      injections. A significant oestradiol elevation following DHAS was similar in each
      group. By contrast there was an oestriol elevation (P less than 0.05) only in
      intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The results indicate that: (1) pregnancy
      complication itself does not effect the conversion rate of DHAS to oestradiol,
      (2) in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis there is a disturbed E3 metabolism
      which may be due to an increased placental permeability to exogenous DHAS or to a
      decreased metabolism of E3 by maternal liver.

PMID- 6446992
TI  - Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp treated with a tar/zinc pyrithione shampoo.

PMID- 6446993
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E1 treatment on murine acute immune complex
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6446994
TI  - [Experiences on educational and information campaigns in schools on problems of
      drug and alcohol addiction and smoking habits (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446995
TI  - [Audiometric examination of elementary pupils (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446996
TI  - [Ice cream--hygienical and bacteriological problems (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446997
TI  - [Results on the control of water considered to be fit for bathing during a
      calendar year in Baden-Wurttemberg (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446998
TI  - [Atypical facial pain and masked depression (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447000
TI  - [Conscious and unconscious misinformation in the statistics of the causes of
      death (author's transl)].

PMID- 6446999
TI  - [On legislation requiring doctors to economize in prescribing drugs and treatment
      of compulsory insurance patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447001
TI  - [Results of new legislation in the field of social insurance.--Part 2 (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6447002
TI  - [Franz Schrakamp (1860-1920) municipal and district medical officer at Dusseldorf
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447003
TI  - Postpartum sterilization.

PMID- 6447004
TI  - Preoperative detection of gallbladder perforation.
AB  - Tc-99m-hepatobiliary imaging is an excellent tool for noninvasive investigation
      of biliary tract perforation. This article documents a case in which this imaging
      method was employed to establish a preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder
      perforation.

PMID- 6447005
TI  - Bone scintigraphy demonstrating arthropathy of central joints in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Bone scintigraphs in a case of ankylosing spondylitis exhibiting a characteristic
      involvement of sternal and spinal joints are described and discussed.

PMID- 6447006
TI  - A technique for precisely measuring activities of daily living.

PMID- 6447007
TI  - A clinical trial of zimelidine in depression.

PMID- 6447008
TI  - A 10-year review of an industrial dermatitis clinic.
AB  - During a 10-year period, 678 patients were seen at an occupational dermatitis
      clinic attached to a District General Hospital. Of these, 424 were accepted as
      having an occupational dermatosis. The pattern of skin lesions and the patch test
      findings were those associated with a diversified light industrial setting
      coupled with a large traditional furniture industry. Fifty-one per cent of all
      cases were regarded as being allergic but the proportion varied greatly from one
      industry to another. Positive patch tests were obtained to the Standard European
      Series in 50.3% but additional tests increased this to 64%. In the furniture
      industry most of the positive reactions occurred only with such additional tests.
      The significance of the patch test reactions is discussed in relation to the
      findings in 992 unselected patients seen in the contact dermatitis clinic during
      a 3-year period.

PMID- 6447009
TI  - Management of industrial dermatitis.

PMID- 6447010
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons.
AB  - Thirty-six of 37 veterinary surgeons with incapacitating dermatitis had allergic
      contact dermatitis, mainly from antibiotics such as spiramycin, Penethamate BP
      and tylosin. Eight were sensitive to rubber materials. Twenty of 36 had positive
      prick or scratch tests, mainly to animal hair. The atopic sensitivities were
      relevant to the contact dermatitis since most of those who have them develop
      contact reactions from cows' hair and from obstetric work with cows. Protein
      contact dermatitis seems to be an important predisposing factor for the
      development of incapacitating allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons.

PMID- 6447011
TI  - Atopic contact dermatitis.
AB  - Contact urticaria appears either as wheal and flare reactions or as dermatitis
      resembling other types of contact dermatitis. A nonimmunologic form of contact
      urticaria is seen more frequently than the allergic form of the disease in
      experimental conditions. However, the immunologic form of contact urticaria is
      clinically more important. It is often seen in atopic persons working in the food
      industry or in kitchens. We can prevent many cases of occupational anaphylactic
      hand eczema by choosing proper jobs for atopic persons. Especially handling food
      seems to produce hypersensitivity reactions in atopic more frequently than in
      nonatopic persons.

PMID- 6447012
TI  - Contact urticaria from latex surgical gloves.

PMID- 6447013
TI  - ORF.

PMID- 6447014
TI  - Itching problems among potroom workers in factories using recycled alumina.

PMID- 6447015
TI  - Health risks from isocyanates.
AB  - Isocyanates represents an important occupational health problem. Severe toxic
      reactions and sensitization may occur. The main problem is the respiratory
      effects, but dermatological problems may occur. Correct diagnosis depends on a
      detailed occupational history. Effective preventive measures in the working
      environment are important.

PMID- 6447016
TI  - Acrylates in industry.

PMID- 6447017
TI  - Occupational contact allergy to bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-methyl chloride.

PMID- 6447018
TI  - Occupational hand eczema from formaldehyde in price labels.

PMID- 6447019
TI  - Legal aspects of occupational dermatitis in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 6447020
TI  - Bacteria and soluble oil dermatitis.
AB  - Simultaneous investigation of the bacterial flora of a soluble oil in use as a
      metalworking fluid and of the skin of machine operatives exposed to that soluble
      oil did not support the hypothesis that bacteria in soluble oil emulsions
      colonise the skin and either initiate or maintain the dermatitis associated with
      soluble oil exposure.

PMID- 6447021
TI  - Work in ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - At 51 departments where work is being done in ultraviolet radiation for
      sterilization purposes (sterilamps), the light intensity was measured at 254 nm
      and at 300-400nm. A limit of 0.25 microW/cm2 at 254 nm has been set. In several
      of the workplaces this limit was exceeded without any decrease in the number of
      colony forming units, according to the 940 settling rate counts made. The
      conclusion is that the use of UV radiation as an adjuvant to several other
      sterility measures has no effect, even when the limit is exceeded by 700%. It is
      advisable to use special working tables at which the person is not exposed
      directly to UV radiation.

PMID- 6447022
TI  - Prevalence of occupational eczema in a woodpulp factory.

PMID- 6447023
TI  - Health screening for occupational dermatoses in house painters.
AB  - During 1976-77 a field investigation was carried out into skin diseases among
      house painters in Stockholm, Sweden. The study was divided into three stages: I.
      questionnaires investigation, II. examination of painters who reported skin
      diseases, and III. patch testing and final classification. Of the 2,622 painters
      registered on 30 November 1976, 2239 (85.4%) answered the questionnaire. Current
      dermatoses were reported by 373 painters (16.7%) and of these, 227 were examined
      by us, 40 had recently been examined, and 106 did not attend. Occupational
      contact eczemas were diagnosed in 87 cases, and it was doubtful if the dermatoses
      were occupational in an additional 56 cases. A prevalence of 3.9% was suggested,
      but this represents a minimum figure. Chloracetamide was found to be an important
      cause of occupational contact eczema. A personal and/or family history of atopy
      was common among the affected painters. Solvents were widely used for skin
      cleansing; there is a great need for continuous information on protective
      measurements, and on skin cleansing and care. It is concluded that field
      investigation give higher and probably more reliable prevalence figures for
      occupational dermatoses than data compiled from outpatient clinics.

PMID- 6447024
TI  - Contact dermatitis from a wood preservative containing
      tetrachloroisophthalonitrile.

PMID- 6447025
TI  - Sensitization from epoxy resin powder of high molecular weight.

PMID- 6447026
TI  - Sensitization to abieto-formo-phenolic resin in printing ink.

PMID- 6447027
TI  - Dermatitis from sodium hyposulphite.

PMID- 6447028
TI  - Sensitivity to thiourea in plan printing paper.

PMID- 6447029
TI  - Decrease in the incidence of contact sensitivity to formaldehyde.

PMID- 6447030
TI  - Chrysanthemum dermatitis in Japan.

PMID- 6447031
TI  - Mercury exanthem as occupational dermatitis.
AB  - A patient developed an exanthem after inhalation of mercury vapors. Clinically
      and histopathologically the exanthem resembled an erythema exudativum
      multiformelike drug eruption.

PMID- 6447032
TI  - Merthiolate hypersensitivity and vaccination.
AB  - Epicutaneous tests with 0.1% merthiolate in petrolatum showed hypersensitivity in
      96 of 4647 eczema patients (2.0%) and in seven of 105 healthy recruits (7%).
      There was a marked preponderance of young age classes in the eczema group. Twelve
      of 41 merthiolate-positive patients tested reacted to mercury alone, three to
      thiosalicylic acid alone and one to both. The remaining 25 patients reacted to
      neither of the individual components although the merthiolate complex as a whole
      gave a positive test result. Forty-five of the merthiolate-positive patients were
      tested subcutaneously with 0.5 ml of a 0.01% merthiolate solution, i.e. a dose
      equal to that contained in one shot of tetanus toxoid, for example. Nine patients
      developed a local reaction at the site of the injection, and the area became
      eczematous in four cases. In one of the patients the eczema spread over the body,
      causing fever. Since merthiolate-sensitive patients also react to merthiolate
      administered intracutaneously, the vaccinator should avoid the use of a needle
      whose outer surface has been contaminated when the vaccine was aspirated from the
      bottle. However, even when this precautionary measure is taken, local reactions
      can be expected in such a high percentage of merthiolate-sensitive persons that
      merthiolate in vaccines should be replaced by another antibacterial agent.

PMID- 6447033
TI  - Contact allergy to the Brazilian rosewood substitute Machaerium scleroxylon Tul.
      (Pao ferro).
AB  - Five carpenters in a television set factory had allergic contact dermatitis of
      the hands, forearms and neck after contact with the sawdust of the Brazilian
      rosewood substitute Machaerium scleroxylon Tul. (Pao ferro). Patch tests with R
      3,4-dimethoxydalbergione from Pao ferro and with two other dalbergiones from
      rosewood species were positive. R-3,4-dimethoxydalbergione isolated from the Pao
      ferro sample was shown to be a strong sensitizer and thus to be responsible for
      these cases of contact allergy.

PMID- 6447034
TI  - Epidemiology of contact dermatitis from pesticides in Japan.
AB  - An epidemiological study was made of 216 patients with contact dermatitis from
      pesticides in Japanese rural regions from 1968 to 1970. They were analyzed
      according to conditions of use, sex, age, occupation, exposure, and season. The
      pesticides most often responsible were captafol (Difolatan) (28.7%), sulfurs
      (18.5%), highly and moderately toxic organic phosphates (18.1%), and chlorinated
      hydrocarbons (9.7%). Complications, sites of dermatitis, prognosis and factors
      contributing to onset of dermatitis are discussed.

PMID- 6447035
TI  - Standard patch test results in 3,225 consecutive Danish patient from 1973 to
      1977.
AB  - From 1973 to 1977 a total of 3,225 patients were patch tested at the Department
      of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; 1,038 patients reacted to
      one or more allergens. The data on frequency of the most common allergens are
      presented. The most common allergens observed were nickel, dichromate, balsam of
      Peru, wood tar, carba mix and wool alcohols.

PMID- 6447036
TI  - But-2-yne-1,4 diol, primary gloss improver and contact sensitizer in a nickel
      plating bath.

PMID- 6447037
TI  - Jewelweed treatment of poison ivy dermatitis.

PMID- 6447038
TI  - Carnation dermatitis in a flower seller.

PMID- 6447039
TI  - Reaction time in experimental poison ivy dermatitis.

PMID- 6447040
TI  - Contact allergy to dodecyl-di-(aminoethyl) glycine (Desimex i).

PMID- 6447041
TI  - Balsam of Peru sensitivity from a perfumed cutting fluid in a laser factory.

PMID- 6447042
TI  - Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine--case report and guinea pig studies.

PMID- 6447043
TI  - Dermatitis caused by the Polish fungicide Sadoplon 75.

PMID- 6447044
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from 4,4'diisocyanatol-diphenyl methane (MDI) in a
      molder.

PMID- 6447045
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from the preservative N-methylol-chloracetamide.

PMID- 6447046
TI  - Isometric tensions developed during the hydrothermal swelling of rat skin.
AB  - Isometric tensions developed in connective tissue under the influence of
      temperature have previously been measured by their effect on a "shrinkage"
      phenomenon observed along the main axis of the collagen fibers. A new device,
      built and tested in our laboratory enabled us to obtain isometric tension curves
      by measuring a "swelling" phenomenon observed in other directions. Curves
      recorded in the two systems have been compared. Shapes were unchanged and the
      parameters chosen to define these morphologies showed the same values in both
      types of experiments. The parameters, which are independent of maximal tension,
      were also found to be independent of the total collagen content of the sample.
      Interpretation of the results suggests that these parameters depend not only on
      the nature but also on the density of the collagen crosslinks. The new device is
      applicable to minute tissue samples, whatever their fragility and fiber
      orientation.

PMID- 6447047
TI  - Constitutional variations of acidic glycosaminoglycans in normal and arthritic
      bovine articular cartilage proteoglycans at different ages.
AB  - Proteoglycans extracted from normal and arthritic bovine articular cartilage of
      various ages were fractionated and purified under associative and dissociative
      conditions. After proteolytic digestion, the composition of the acidic
      glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) in the proteoglycans was determined enzymatically by
      digestion with chondroitinase-AC II, chondroitinase-ABC, Streptomyces,
      hyaluronidase and keratanase. Under both associative and dissociative conditions,
      uniform distribution of chondroitin sulfate (CS) isomers from proteoglycans of
      different ages was observed: With increasing age, the relative proportion of 4
      sulfated disaccharide units in total AGAG decreased, whereas that of 6-sulfated
      disaccharide units increased. The relative proportion of 4-sulfated disaccharide
      units in total CS and the ratio of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated
      disaccharide units were greater in arthritic cartilages than in normal cartilages
      of the same ages. At all three ages studied, the relative proportion of 4
      sulfated disaccharide units in sequential fractions increased with the decrease
      of cesium chloride (CsC1) density, as the proportion of 6-sulfated disaccharide
      units decreased. The relative proportions of hyaluronic acid (HA) and keratan
      sulfate (KS) increased with age. The AGAG components of cartilage proteoglycans
      were distributed with a certain regularity in the fractions of CsCl density
      gradients, but underwent changes with increasing age and in arthritic process.

PMID- 6447048
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of collagen fibrils, fibers and fiber
      bundles from insoluble calf dermis.
AB  - Collagen fibrils, fibers and fiber bundles have been isolated from insoluble calf
      skin chips by disaggregation with a neutral salt buffer followed by differential
      centrifugation. The ratio of type I collagen/type III collagen was relatively
      constant, regardless of the size of the fibrous materials. On the other hand, the
      ratios of glycosaminoglycans/collagen and non-collagenous glycoproteins/collagen
      were significantly higher in the thinner fiber fractions. However, the ratio of
      hyaluronic acid to dermatan sulfate was unchanged. The role of the non
      collanenous constituents in collagen fibrillogenesis in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 6447049
TI  - Fibrous waveforms or crimp in surface and subsurface layers of hyaline cartilage
      maintained in its wet functional condition.
AB  - The structural features of hyaline cartilage maintained in its wet functional
      condition have been examined using the technique of Nomarski interference
      microscopy. The collagenous arrays and associated chondrocytes in both the
      extreme superficial layers and in the deeper subsurface zones were satisfactorily
      imaged with this technique. Most significantly the collagen fibers were observed
      to possess a geometric waveform or "crimp" of varying acuteness and the role of
      this crimp is discussed in relation to the mechanical and biological function of
      the tissue. It is clear from these wet tissue studies that the fibrous layout in
      hyaline cartilage is considerably more "disciplined" than has been previously
      recognized from morphological data obtained using more indirect experimental
      techniques involving prepared histological sections or scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 6447050
TI  - The biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine tendons--long term effects
      of exercise on the digital extensors.
AB  - Positive effects on the tensile characteristics of swine digital extensors were
      found following twelve months of exercise training. Compared to sedentary
      controls, the tendons from the exercised animals became stronger as a material
      and exhibited hypertrophy. These biomechanical results were supported by
      biochemical analyses of tendon composition. Exercise increased the concentration
      of collagen as well as the total weights of the tendons. For determining stress
      and strain in tendon material, we used specially designed instruments to measure
      the tendon cross-sectional area, and a video dimensional analyzer system to
      measure accurately its "non-contact" tensile strain. With these newly developed
      apparatus, the mechanical properties of the tendons were accurately determined so
      that the effects of exercise training could be compared.

PMID- 6447051
TI  - Structural glycoprotein, fact or artefact.
AB  - It has been repeatedly claimed that structural glycoprotein or SGP is a major
      component of many connective tissues, particularly aorta. SGP is usually defined
      as material extractable from tissue with chaotropic agents such as urea and
      having an amino acid composition matching that of other, similar extracts. It has
      been claimed that SGP comprises 10-60% of the dry weight of aortic tissue. This
      paper describes a study in which aorta was exhaustively extracted with agents
      previously claimed to extract SGP. All the extracts yielded mixtures of proteins
      which, upon separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were found to
      consist largely of actin, collagen, myosin and other known proteins. No
      significant quantity of any one unidentified protein was found which could have
      been SGP. This study casts grave doubt upon the existence of SGP as a major
      component of aorta.

PMID- 6447052
TI  - Immunocompetence of the residual lymphocytes in frozen blood.

PMID- 6447053
TI  - Induction of lambda bacteriophage in lysogenic bacteria by freeze-drying.

PMID- 6447054
TI  - Functional activities of isolated lymphocytes following drying by sublimation of
      ice in vacuo. I. Rosette formation, stimulation by plant lectins (mitogens), and
      the mixed lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 6447055
TI  - Enzyme organization in the polyaromatic-biosynthetic pathway: the arom conjugate
      and other multienzyme systems.

PMID- 6447056
TI  - [The need for intensified dental care for mentally retarded children].

PMID- 6447057
TI  - Pneumopericardium following laparoscopy.

PMID- 6447058
TI  - Biochemical basis for contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Some of the current facts and theories concerning the contractile mechanism in
      smooth muscle are summarized. The review is divided into two major sections. One
      deals with the components of the contractile apparatus (the thick and thin
      filaments), and the protein components of each filament type are descirbed
      briefly. The other is devoted to the Ca2+-dependent mechanism of regulation in
      smooth muscle, and this is restricted to those components that control the
      activity of the contractile apparatus. There are basically two theories that have
      been proposed as the regulatory mechanism in smooth muscle. One theory is that
      the regulatory mechanism is located on the thin filaments and is functional via
      some modification of the thin filament proteins. This system is termed leiotonin.
      the second theory is that regulation is achieved by the phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation of the light chains of myosin. Since the latter theory
      represents the author's bias and in general is more widely accepted, it is
      considered in more detail. A cyclic scheme is presented to illustrate the role of
      the myosin light chain kinase in the activation and contraction of smooth muscle
      and the role of the myosin light chain phosphatase in the relaxation process.

PMID- 6447059
TI  - The pilot parent program: helping handicapped children through their parents.
AB  - The problems of parents whose child is diagnosed or newly identified as mentally
      retarded or otherwise developmentally delayed are varied and difficult. As many
      authors have pointed out, the manner in which parents deal with this initial
      crisis of acceptance can have long term consequences for the parents, the family,
      and the handicapped child. In the past, neither psychiatry nor the other helping
      professions did much to provide parents with the elements they need in this
      profound emotional crisis: continuing emotional support and role modeling,
      information about the child's handicap, and information about service programs
      for handicapped persons. The Omaha Nebraska Pilot Parent Program is a volunteer
      program of parents of handicapped children whose purpose is to provide these
      supports to parents in need. After seven years such a program appears to provide
      satisfaction for its members, help to fellow parents, and an important resource
      to the human services systems in the community.

PMID- 6447060
TI  - [Use of depolarization block in the treatment of backache].

PMID- 6447061
TI  - Occupational hearing loss: legal considerations.

PMID- 6447062
TI  - Free dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in human amniotic fluid and
      prediction of gonadal sex.
AB  - In order to correlate the gonadal production of male sex hormones with overall
      steroidogenic activity of the fetus, unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
      and testosterone were measured in amniotic fluids from mid-pregnancies with male
      and female fetuses by highly specific radioimmunoassay. The antiserum was raised
      in rabbits with 3 beta-hydroxy-17-oxo-5-androsten- 19-al 19-carboxymethyloxime
      BSA as immunogen and its cross-reactions with several steroids were checked.
      Significantly higher testosterone level was found in amniotic fluid from male
      fetuses (average concentration 249 +/- 109 pg ml-1 from males as compared with 70
      +/- pg ml-1 from females), whereas the difference in DHEA concentration was
      significant (184 +/- 96 pg mol-1 for males vs. 177 +/- 92 pg ml-1 for females).
      The positive correlation between testosterone and DHEA concentrations (r = 0.53)
      was found only in amniotic fluids from pregnancies bearing male fetuses
      indicating that in males more DHEA may originate from fetal gonads.

PMID- 6447063
TI  - Comparative studies of laparoscopy, histology and gray-scale echotomography in
      diffuse diseases of the liver.
AB  - In a prospective study 54 patients with normal liver, chronic alcoholic and non
      alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis--all diagnoses established by laparoscopy and
      histology--were examined by gray-scale scanning. The following criteria proved
      helpful in differentiating between normal and pathologic states: variations in
      liver size and form, attenuation and echo pattern (form, density and distribution
      of echoes). The ultrasonic diagnosis is relatively simple in alcoholic fatty
      liver and cirrhosis, and becomes more difficult or even uncertain in mild chronic
      hepatitis without fibrosis. Confirmation of suspected liver disease by direct
      morphological methods such as laparoscopy and histology is therefore necessary.

PMID- 6447064
TI  - Subcellular distribution of some specific enzymatic activities in human
      leucocytes.
AB  - The activities and subcellular distribution of the following enzymes: NADH
      oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and ATPase, were assayed in
      human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes and in particular the
      contamination and integrity of the mitochondrial fractions were evaluated with
      this new separation procedure. Results show that maximal contamination was found
      to be that from lysosomal beta-glucuronidase especially in polymorphonuclear
      leucocyte mitochondria fractions. Furthermore oligomycin-sensitive ATPase data
      suggest that mitochondria do not decrease in number or lose their integrity to a
      great extent. Controversial p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase activity was also found to
      be present in polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes granular-soluble
      fractions.

PMID- 6447065
TI  - The non-catalytic nucleotide-binding site of mitochondrial ATPase is localised on
      the alpha-subunit(s) of factor F1.
AB  - The incubation of isolated factor F1 with the di-aldehyde derivative of ADP
      (oxADP) which is formed as a result of ADP treatment by periodate, causes the
      covalent binding of 0.9--1 molecules of the oxADP with a molecule of the enzyme.
      This modification of factor F1 is not accompanied by any changes in the ATPase
      activity of the enzyme. The modification of factor F1 is preceded by the
      reversible binding of oxADP with the enzyme with a Kd of 80 micro M. ADP partly
      prevents factor F1 from modification by oxADP. The electrophoresis of modified
      factor F1 in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate showed
      that oxADP binds with the alpha-subunit(s) of factor F1. When submitochondrial
      particles are incubated with [3H]oxADP, the main part of the radioactive label
      may be discovered in the polypeptide with a molecular weight of some 30 000 which
      is probably the adenine nucleotides' translocase. The isolation of factor F1 from
      particles preincubated with [3H]oxADP showed that the membrane-bound factor F1
      covalently binds 0.2--0.3 mol of oxADP per mol of enzyme. Here again, all the
      oxADP is bound with the alpha subunit(s) of factor F1. The modification of
      membrane-bound factor F1 by oxADP is accompanied by the partial inhibition of the
      particles' ATPase activity. The results obtained testify to the fact that the non
      catalytic site of mitochondrial ATP ase located on the alpha-subunit(s) of factor
      F1 may participate in the mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by membrane-bound ATPase.

PMID- 6447066
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the proteolipid subunit of the proton-translocating ATPase
      complex from the thermophilic bacterium PS-3.
AB  - The proteolipid subunit of the ATPase complex was identified in whole membranes
      of the thermophilic bacterium PS-3 by means of a covalent modification with the
      14C-labelled inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The proteolipid could be
      purified from the membrane in free and carbodiimide-modified form by extraction
      with chloroform/methanol and subsequent carboxymethylcellulose chromatography in
      mixtures of chloroform/methanol/water. The complete amino acid sequence of the 72
      residue polypeptide could be determined by automated solid-phase Edman
      degradation of the whole protein, and of fragments obtained after cleavage with
      cyanogen bromide and N-bromosuccinimide. Chemical cleavages and separations of
      the resulting fragments by gel chromatography were performed in 80% formic acid.
      The amino acid sequence shows a concentration of hydrophobic amino acids in two
      segments of about 25 residues at the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal ends.
      The polar residues are clustered in the middle of the polypeptide chain. The
      bound [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide label is recovered exclusively at position
      56, which is occupied by a glutamyl residue. The proteolipid from PS-3 exhibits
      homology to the corresponding ATPase subunit from mitochondria. The carbodiimide
      reactive glutamyl residue occurs at the position as in the mitochondrial
      proteins.

PMID- 6447067
TI  - Biosynthesis of plasma proteins in serum-free medium by primary monolayer culture
      of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Morphologically intact rat hepatocytes separated by collagenase perfusion  were
      cultured in L-15/fetal calf serum medium to form a monolayer. Thereafter the
      hepatocytes were grown in serum-free L-15 medium in which they produced and
      continuously released plasma proteins. The secreted plasma proteins were
      collected, separated and characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Most of
      the newly biosynthesized plasma proteins secreted into the medium during
      incubation for thirty hours had the same electrophoretic mobility, antigenicity
      and staining characteristics as their counterparts in rat serum. The addition of
      tritium labelled amino acid mixture to the culture medium revealed that the
      release of radioactively labelled plasma proteins into the culture medium was
      essentially linear during the thirty hour incubation period. However, saturation
      of the intracellular pool took place after ca. ten hours of incubation. Addition
      of leukocytic endogenous mediator, LEM, to cultures of rat hepatocytes caused a
      profound increase in the relative concentration of acute-phase proteins secreted
      into the culture medium.

PMID- 6447068
TI  - Comparison of the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of twitch and tonic
      fibres of frog muscle (Rana esculenta).
AB  - Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of a frog mixed muscle (distal cruralis
      bundle) were investigated and compared to their fast twitch muscle homologues.
      Histochemical reactions revealed two populations of fibres in this muscle,
      differing from fast twitch fibres by the intensity of their myofibrillar ATPase
      reaction and by their mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity. The distribution
      of parvalbumins and LDH isoenzymes in the whole muscle showed some features of
      tonic muscle type. Myosin light chains pattern of cruralis bundle fibres was
      characterized by the lower proportion of the LC3 subunit. These results confirmed
      the heterogeneity of this frog muscle and the presence of tonic or intermediate
      fibres with their typical sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteinic composition.

PMID- 6447069
TI  - Some extrapyramidal motor signs in cases of undifferentiated amentia.
AB  - A group of 50 mentally handicapped patients who were without gross motor deficit
      and had never been on anti-psychotic drugs were examined for signs of
      Parkinsonism and compared with a matched control group of non-handicapped people
      who were also examined. There was a very significant increase in masking,
      positive glabella tap, absence of arm swing, rigidity and hypokinesis.

PMID- 6447070
TI  - Radical economic surgery and antiandrogenic therapy in management of prostatic
      cancer.
AB  - The treatment of early stage prostatic cancer with retropubic radical
      prostatectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and antiandrogenic therapy is reported. Out
      of 22 patients operated in the past 9 years, none died because of the tumor and
      metastases appeared in 1 patient only. The latter showed a microscopic seminal
      vesicle invasion and was considered as a P3 stage. Excluding impotence which is
      generally the rule, urinary incontinence was the most common complication: it was
      complete in 1 case but successfully treated surgically and mild in 6 cases
      without, however, requiring surgical intervention or collection device.

PMID- 6447071
TI  - Tumor inhibitory effects of a new fluorouracil derivative: 5'-deoxy-5
      fluorouridine.

PMID- 6447072
TI  - Diet and menarche in different ethnic groups.

PMID- 6447073
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral valve aneurysm.
AB  - Cases of mitral valve aneurysm determined during the patient's lifetime have not
      yet been described in literature. Using a mechanical sector scanner we were able
      to diagnose a mitral valve aneurysm in a 22-yr-old man suffering from rheumatic
      aortic steno-insufficiency. The real-time, cross-sectional image showed an
      aneurysm which was limited to the proximal part of the anterior mitral leaflet.
      During diastole the reflow of blood from the insufficient aorta determined an
      enlargement of the aneurysm towards the left atrial cavity. Bacterial vegetation
      which protruded from the aortic valvular surface and which was responsible for
      abnormal echoes in the M-mode in the left outflow tract was also detected. The
      patient died of irreversible cardiac insufficiency caused by the infectious
      endocarditis, and upon autopsy the echocardiographic diagnosis was confirmed.

PMID- 6447074
TI  - Cell cooperation during in vivo anti-hapten antibody responses. VI. Evidence for
      an allogeneic effect replacing one of two helper T cells.
AB  - T and B lymphocyte activity in adoptive secondary antibody responses was assessed
      by cell titration in mice of the X-linked immune defective CBA/N strain and mice
      of their normal partner strain CBA/CaJ. No quantitative differences could be
      detected in either T or B cell activity in these experiments, in which 2,4
      dinitrophenyl was used as the hapten. Both of the helper T cells detected in such
      assays were present in both strains. During these experiments, it was found that
      a subline of CBA/N maintained at Yale may have diverged from the CBA/N NIH stock.
      This was detected by an ability of irradiated mice of the Yale subline to
      increase the antibody response of B cells from the NIH subline, provided specific
      helper T cells were also present. This allogeneic effect apparently replaced the
      activity of one helper T cell, but did not replace the requirement for a carrier
      specific helper T cell.

PMID- 6447075
TI  - Accelerated age-dependent decline in the T suppressor capacity of SJL mice.
AB  - Tolerance induction with rabbit gamma-globulin was employed as a probe for age
      dependent changes in suppressor capacity of SJL lymphoid cells. The tolerant
      state was assessed by loss of cooperative capacity and by infectious tolerance.
      The supply of precursor cells was assessed by thymectomy and by treatment with
      colchicine and cyclophosphamide, which have been reported to eliminate suppressor
      cells. Thymectomy, 16-18 days before tolerance induction, did not affect antibody
      response or tolerance inducibility; thymectomy, 33 days before tolerance
      induction, reduced both antibody response and tolerance inducibility. Colchicine,
      injected together with aggregate-freed rabbit gamma-globulin, inhibited tolerance
      induction partially in 35-day-old mice and completely in 106-day-old mice.
      Colchicine, given to younger mice, thymectomized 17 days before tolerance
      induction, prevented tolerance induction completely. A low dose of
      cyclophosphamide interfered with tolerance induction in older, but not in younger
      mice. A high dose of cyclophosphamide interfered with tolerance induction in
      thymus cells of younger and older mice. After thymectomy, there was a much more
      profound interference of a low dose of cyclophosphamide with tolerance induction.
      Results were discussed in terms of an age-dependent decline of thymus progenitors
      and of peripheral progenitors of suppressor cells.

PMID- 6447076
TI  - Regulation of dextranase synthesis by Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 6447077
TI  - Fluorometric study of the solubilized Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6447078
TI  - Preovulatory follicular size: a comparison of ultrasound and laparoscopic
      measurements.
AB  - Ovarian follicles in the immediate preovulatory period were measured with real
      time or static ultrasound. Thirty-nine follicles were examined in thirty-six
      patients. In 29 spontaneous cycles the mean follicular diameter was 21.1 mm
      (range 17 to 25 mm) and the mean volume was 5.1 ml. In seven stimulated cycles
      the mean diameter was 18.4 mm and the mean volume was 3.5 ml. Laparoscopic needle
      aspiration of the follicular contents was performed within 12 hours of ultrasound
      examination in every case. Follicular dimensions based on the volume of aspirated
      fluid correlated well with the ultrasound measurements (r = 0.847; P < 0.001),
      which suggests that ultrasound is a useful technique for examining preovulatory
      follicular development.

PMID- 6447079
TI  - The unsuspected pelvic factor in the infertility investigation.

PMID- 6447081
TI  - Senate bill 582.

PMID- 6447080
TI  - [22Na metabolism in slices of rat hippocampus].
AB  - Three different compartments of Na were distinguished in the rat hippocampal
      cuts: 71, 24, and 5% of total tissue Na. Their half-times for Na efflux were 9.8,
      27, and 104 sec. resp. The transport flux of Na was about 2 moles per kg tissue
      per hour. Ouabain when added to incubation medium did not diminish the Na efflux
      value while diminishing about 5-fold the "energy cost of transport". The Na
      transport from cells in hippocampal tissue took 60--76% of total energy given by
      respiration

PMID- 6447082
TI  - [Home-made cabinet for dental prophylaxis].

PMID- 6447083
TI  - [Dental unit with pain relieving audio equipment].

PMID- 6447084
TI  - [Biological significance of wandering macrophages in periodontal diseases].

PMID- 6447085
TI  - [Inactivation and protection of phosphofructokinase during 8-methoxypsoralen and
      UVA-treatment].

PMID- 6447086
TI  - [A case of hairy cell-erythroderma (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447087
TI  - The sign of Leser-Trelat in association with lymphocytic lymphoma.
AB  - The sign of Leser-Trelat was observed in a patient with multiple seborrheic
      keratoses and hemangiomata. The increase in these lesions of the skin preceded
      the development of a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, a type of
      malignancy which has not yet been reported in association with this sign.

PMID- 6447088
TI  - Cutaneous calculus - its pathogenesis.
AB  - The cutaneous calculus of 11 patients were examined. Histologically they were
      classified into three types: the first type, seen in an early lesion, consisted
      of a basophilic mass; the second type consisted of a mass and various-sized
      granules; and the third type consisted entirely of granules. Histochemically, the
      mass contained acid mucopolysaccharides. In the granules neutral
      mucopolysaccharides were found. There were numerous, vacuolated mast cells and
      various-sized, calcified amorphous areas evident with electron microscopic
      examination of an early lesion.

PMID- 6447089
TI  - Special properties of kidney mitochondria.

PMID- 6447090
TI  - Aminoglutethimide and advanced breast cancer [proceedings].

PMID- 6447091
TI  - Measurement of the membrane potential component of the transmembrane proton
      electrochemical gradient in Crithidia fasciculata [proceedings].

PMID- 6447092
TI  - [Laparoscopy in infertility evaluation: findings and clinical management of two
      groups of patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447093
TI  - The organization of muscle spindles in the tenuissimus muscle of the cat during
      late development.

PMID- 6447094
TI  - Inactivation of the Ca2+-pump in the mussel, Mytilus edulis.

PMID- 6447095
TI  - Region-specific recombination in phage T4. I. A special glucosyl-dependent
      recombination system.
AB  - In this communication, we describe a recombination mechanism in bacteriophage T4D
      that acts only on glycosylated phage, acts in some regions of the genome, but not
      others, and is heat sensitive, showing decreasing activity with increasing
      temperature.

PMID- 6447096
TI  - Region-specific recombination in phage T4. II. Structure of the recombinants.
AB  - In this paper, we present results of crosses designed to elucidate the structure
      of recombinants in the tail-fiber region of bacteriophage T4, in which a
      glucosylation-dependent recombinations mechanism is operative, and the cause of
      the "special" recombination in glycosylated crosses is discussed. We present
      evidence that, when phage are nonglycosylated, recombination in the tail-fiber
      region proceeds via long heteroduplex overlaps. Mismatched bases within such
      regions (in nonglycosylated phage) are repaired efficiently (as contrasted to
      those of glucosylated phage), but asymmetrically; that is, there may be an equal
      probability of resolving the mismatch to mutant or wild type.

PMID- 6447097
TI  - Region-specific recombination in phage T4. III. The effect of host mutations on
      glucosylation-dependent recombination in bacteriophage T4D.
AB  - Mutations in the Escherichia coli genes recK, recL and (probably) uvrE and polA
      increase special (glucosylation-dependent), but not general recombination in
      bactriophage T4D.

PMID- 6447098
TI  - [Occupational pathology of the oral cavity and teeth in aluminum manufacture
      workers].

PMID- 6447099
TI  - Cyclophosphamide and floxuridine adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III and IV
      carcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 6447100
TI  - [Invalidity and aphasia].
AB  - Aphasia may be conceived as a disturbance in one of the functional capacities.
      Most functional capacities may be 'measured' by performance scales (Katz, Barthel
      Index, Kenny Numerical Scale). These scales do measure more the 'amount' or
      'need' of help than the disturbance itself. So, they measure in fact economic
      variables instead of medical ones. In 'Regina Pacis' we developed medical scales
      for the ADL and performance in ambulation. The question is raised whether in
      certain conditions, they might serve as parameters for the improvement of speech
      in aphasia. From this starting point these conditions are reviewed and it is
      thought that a common denominator for both disorders may be found: the
      ideamotoric disturbance, caused by the CVA. The question is raised if--in those
      accidents--man himself is fundamentally reduced (stricken) or only deprived from
      his instruments and tools.

PMID- 6447101
TI  - Unchanged glycolytic capacity in rat kidney under conditions of stimulated
      gluconeogenesis. Determination of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in
      microdissected nephron segments of fasted and acidotic animals.
AB  - The glycolytic capacity in rat kidney was studied under conditions of stimulated
      gluconeogenesis like 48 h starvation and 48 h acidosis induced by force-feeding
      with a NH4Cl/glucose solution. Rats fed ad libitum and force-fed with a glucose
      solution served as controls. The specific activities of the key enzymes
      phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were determined in single segments of the
      nephron. The determinations were performed by microdissection of lyophilized
      tissue sections followed by enzymatic analysis, including oil well technique,
      enzymatic amplification, and fluorometric measurement. In the distal portion of
      the nephron of both fed and force-fed animals a 10-fold higher specific activity
      of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase was found compared with the proximal
      portion, known as the site of renal gluconeogenesis. Starvation and acidosis
      altered neither the distribution pattern nor the specific activities of these
      enzymes. From these results it is concluded that renal glycolysis does not
      undergo alterations at the level of enzymatic activities in favour of renal
      gluconeogenesis, probably because of the separate localization of both pathways
      within the nephron.

PMID- 6447102
TI  - Acid mucopolysaccharide levels of rabbit fallopian tube, uterus & cervix: effect
      of ovariectomy & estrogen treatment.

PMID- 6447103
TI  - Glycocalyx of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa: a cytochemical & biochemical
      study.

PMID- 6447104
TI  - Effect of high altitude hypoxia on rat erythrocyte ghost ATPases.

PMID- 6447105
TI  - Effect of antitumour drugs on protein synthesis.

PMID- 6447106
TI  - Studies on air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) under sublethal
      malathion exposure.

PMID- 6447107
TI  - Effect of growth substrates on phosphatases of Aspergillus nidulans under heat
      stress.

PMID- 6447108
TI  - Idiopathic cardiomegaly with pulmonary tuberculosis and severe anaemia in a
      female child of 12 years--a case report.

PMID- 6447109
TI  - Induction of suppressor T cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium
      bovis BCG in low-responder mice.
AB  - The induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium bovis BCG was
      specifically inhibited by suppressor T cells in C3H/He, a strain of mice which is
      a low responder to BCG. The existence of these suppressor cells was confirmed by
      an adoptive transfer of spleen cells of BCG-injected mice into cyclophosphamide
      treated recipients. The suppressor cells appeared in the spleens of the mice 2 to
      7 days after intravenous BCG injection. They were sensitive to anti-theta serum
      and complement and did not adhere to Sephadex G-10. A pretreatment of the mice
      with cyclophosphamide eliminated the suppression of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity. These suppressor cells effectively inhibited the induction of
      delayed-type hypersensitivity to BCG, but showed only weak effect on the
      expression of it.

PMID- 6447110
TI  - Local and systemic antibody response to oral administration of
      glucosyltransferase antigen complex.
AB  - The salivary and serum immune responses to orally administered
      glucosyltransferase antigen complex from Streptococcus mutants strain 6715 were
      investigated in hamsters. All enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to
      measure the antibody quantity and isotype, and a [14C]glucosyl-labeled sucrose
      incorporation assay was used to measure functional inhibition of the enzyme. A
      total of 21 to 27 daily doses of antigen administered in hamster oral cavities
      elicited salivary immunoglobulin C and immunoglobulin A antibody responses and
      functional inhibitory activity. The salivary response increased throughout the
      immunization procedure, and the amount of salivary antibody was dependent upon
      the dose of antigen given. The salivary response to a second oral administration
      of antigen for 4 days showed some features of anamnesis. The response after a
      second antigen administration was detected sooner than the primary response, and
      somewhat higher levels of antibody and inhibitory activity were observed. Serum
      antibody (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M) and functional inhibitory
      responses were also elicited by oral administration of the soluble enzyme
      antigen. These responses were lower than responses induced by local injections of
      antigen in complete Freund adjuvant. The ability to evoke a salivary immune
      response to the glucosyltransferase antigen complex may increase the potential of
      using this antigen in an effective caries vaccine.

PMID- 6447111
TI  - Activation of murine T-suppressor lymphocytes by group A streptococcal and
      staphylococcal pyurogenic exotoxins.
AB  - The effect of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) type C and
      staphylococcal PE on the in vitro antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was
      studied in cultures of mouse spleen cells. Both exotoxins suppressed the day 4
      direct plaque-forming cell response when added to the cultures. The maximum
      suppression was obtained with 1.0 or 0.1 ng of toxin per culture, and the
      suppressive effect was reversed by addition of gangliosides to the cultures at
      the same time as the exotoxins. Preincubation of T lymphocytes for 4 days with
      either exotoxin resulted in the generation of a suppressor cell population, which
      produced dose-dependent suppression of the direct plaque-forming cell response
      when added to fresh sheep eyrthrocyte-activated splenocytes. The suppression 
      obtained was not reversed by gangliosides indicating toxin carry-over was not
      responsible for the effect. B cells, preincubated with exotoxin, failed to
      suppress the direct plaque-forming cell response of fresh erythrocyte-activated
      spleen cells.

PMID- 6447112
TI  - In vitro suppression of T-cell mitogenic response and tumor cell proliferation by
      spleen macrophages from normal chickens.
AB  - Adherent cells isolated from spleen of normal specific pathogen-free chickens
      inhibited mitogen-induced blastogenesis of autochthonous, syngeneic, or
      allogeneic lymphocytes. The adherent cells were also inhibitory to in vitro
      proliferation of cells of a rapidly dividing tumor line, MDCC-MSB-1, derived from
      a lymphoma induced by Marek's disease virus. The effector cell of suppression of
      both lymphoprolifrative functions appeared to be a macrophage because the
      suppressive activity of adherent cells could be abrogated by pretreatment with
      carrageenan but not with antisera specific to chicken T or B cells. The
      proportion of macrophages needed for effective suppression was substantially
      higher than the proportion of macrophages ordinarily present in spleen of normal,
      unstimulated chickens. This heretofore unrecognized suppressive capability of
      normal, presumably resting macrophages have been detected in certain infections.

PMID- 6447113
TI  - Cotransformation of a serum resistance phenotype with genes for arginine
      biosynthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Two genes (arg-3 and arp-6) marked by arginine auxotrophy and a gene (sac-2)
      marked by resistance to serum killing were found to be linked by
      cotransformation. Evidence derived from the linkage of these markers to spc
      (spectinomycin resistance) suggests that sac-2 may be genetically distinct from a
      sac gene previously described.

PMID- 6447114
TI  - Association of depressed postoperative lymphoproliferative responses to
      alloantigens with poor prognosis in patients with stage I lung cancer.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with Stage I carcinoma of the lung were tested
      postoperatively to assess lymphoproliferative responses. Depressed lymphocyte
      proliferation (LP) responses to alloantaigen in the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC)
      as measured by thee relative proliferation index (RPI) were associated with a
      significantly shorter disease-free interval. In this group of patients, the
      immunologic responses predicted subsequent clinical course better than the TNM
      classification or the histological type of the tumor, and therefore this
      procedure appears promising for improved staging of patients with early stages of
      lung cancer (stage I lung cancer and T1N0M0). The depressed response to
      alloantaigen was a more sensitive discriminator of disease recurrence than PHA
      alone or even conbined with PHA.

PMID- 6447115
TI  - Striated muscle in four categories of leprosy. I. Histology and histochemistry.

PMID- 6447116
TI  - Influence of gonadal hormones on adipose-tissue cellularity in rats.

PMID- 6447117
TI  - Effects of sulphydryl compounds on the radiation damage in biologically active
      DNA.
AB  - The effect of sulphydryl compounds on the induction of alkali-labile sites and on
      the contribution of such sites to the inactivation of single-stranded phi X174
      DNA was studied. Cysteamine is capable of reacting with DNA radicals, thereby
      modifying the radiation damage in such a way that the induction of immediate and
      latent breaks is reduced. This depends on the pH of the solution. With cysteine
      only, a pH dependent protection, against lethal alkali-labile potential breaks
      could be observed. The damage other than breaks is not influenced by the presence
      of sulphydryl compounds.

PMID- 6447118
TI  - The three thiamin requirements of the rat.
AB  - Some nutrients are necessary parts of several different biochemical systems and
      are required for several different and measurable physiological functions. There
      are three measurable dietary requirements for thiamin in the rat. The largest is
      correlated with food intake and body weight gain data. A half-maximum response is
      produced by 7 micrograms of thiamin per day, and a maximum response is produced
      by a dose 2- to 4-times larger. The next requirement, showing a half-response at
      1 microgram thiamin, relates to cardiovascular function. It is measured by the
      enlargement of the heart or by the rat bradycardia bioassay method for thiamin.
      The smallest requirement, occurring at 0.01 microgram thiamin, is associated with
      the nervous system responses characteristic of thiamin deficiency, and may be
      related to a variability in oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 6447119
TI  - Down's syndrome: breaking the news to Irish parents.

PMID- 6447120
TI  - The heart in acromegaly: correlation of echocardiographic and clinical findings.
AB  - Echocardiography was performed in 14 patients with acromegaly in order to
      characterize cardiac involvement in this disease. The left ventricle was enlarged
      or hypertrophic in 10 patients (71%): the fraction of myocardial shortening, an
      index of left ventricular contractility, was normal in all but one; and 10
      patients had a reduced mitral EF slope, suggesting that their left ventricular
      compliance was reduced. Cardiac disease was not suspected clinically as most
      patients had normal clinical, ECG and X-ray examinations of the heart. Left
      ventricular hypertrophy occurred in the absence of hypertension, diabetes or
      evidence of coronary artery disease. There was a positive correlation between
      left ventricular wall thickness and duration of acromegaly but not between the
      former and growth hormone levels after fasting, suggesting that ther must be
      prolonged hypersecretion of growth hormone, and not simply high levels, before
      cardiac hypertrophy develops.

PMID- 6447121
TI  - Left ventricular function in liver cirrhosis: an echocardiographic study.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) size and function were studied by echocardiography and
      measurement of systolic time intervals in 14 patients with liver cirrhosis. There
      was a small increase in LV end-diastolic dimension, and an increase in systolic
      ventricular performance, calculated stroke dimension and stroke and cardiac
      indices. Mean blood pressure was low normal. Preejection period was shortened and
      the preejection period/LV ejection time ratio, decreased. The data indicate that
      patients with liver cirrhosis have mild LV enlargment, reduced peripheral
      resistance and an increase in mesurements of systolic LV performance.

PMID- 6447122
TI  - Immune responses to weakly immunogenic murine-leukemia-virus-induced tumors. VII.
      Kinetic studies on various parameters of effects induced with suppressor cells.
AB  - YAC, a Moloney-virus-induced tumor of A mice, caused an inhibition of specific
      immunologic responses in A and C57BL/6 mice, which was mediated by suppressor
      cells. In contrast, YAC-1, the in vitro-carried tumor derived from cultivated YAC
      cells, stimulated the appearance of antitumor reactive cells in A mice.
      Splenocytes from YAC-1-injected mice generated anti-YAC cytotoxic cells after six
      days of culture. The suppressor cells from YAC-injected mice efficiently
      inhibited the cytotoxic responses of the cultivated reactive cells (YAC-1-primed
      cells) when added at the start of the culture, but not when added at later times.
      Suppressor cells appeared in A mice three days after injecion of YAC cells and
      persisted in the animals for at least 50 days. YAC-1-primed cells, derived from A
      mice 1, 3, 9 and 20 days after injection of YAC-1 cells, were sensitive to the
      suppressor cells.

PMID- 6447123
TI  - Immune responses to weakly immunogenic murine-leukemia-virus-induced tumors.
      VIII. Characterization of suppressor cells.
AB  - YAC is a Moloney-virus-induced tumor of A mice. YAC-injected  A and C57BL/6 mice
      generated suppressor cells. The suppressive function of the cells was tested by
      determining the ability of splenocytes from YAC-injected mice to inhibit the in
      vitro cytotoxic responses of primed splenocytes. It was found that suppressor
      cells passed through a nylon-wool column did not adhere to the plastic surface
      and resisted treatment with rabbit antimouse brain serum and guinea-pig
      complement. Therefore, the suppressor cells were defined operationally as "null"
      complement. Therefore, the suppressor cells did not demonstrate high efficiency;
      a relatively high concentration of suppressor cells was required to achieve an
      effective inhibiting action. These findings are discussed in terms of the
      heterogeneity of suppressor cells.

PMID- 6447124
TI  - [Dehydroepiandrosterone deficiency in psoriasis. Hypothesis on the
      etiopathogenesis of this disease].
AB  - In patients with psoriasis in extra- and intracellular deficiency of
      dehydroepiandrosterone can be demonstrated which leads to an activation of the
      pentose-phosphate cycle. This dehydroepiandrosterone deficiency is caused by an
      increased intracellular activity of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. This
      results in an increased formation of the reduction product androstendiol, which
      is unable to inhibit the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the keye enzyme of
      the pentose-phosphate cycle. In addition, a decreased penetration of the steroid
      through the membrane of erythrocytes is demonstrable, by which the intracellular
      deficiency of dehydroepiandrosterone is still augmented. The effects of this
      dehydroepiandrosterone deficiency are changes in the humoral regulation of events
      in growth and proliferation in patients with psoriasis.

PMID- 6447125
TI  - [Keratosis palmaris et plantaris areata Siemens. Therapeutic experiments with
      aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359].
AB  - A family is presented with keratosis palmoplantaris areata Siemens in four
      generations. The hyperkeratotic plaques did not responds satisfactorily to
      treatment with aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359. Therapy had to be discontinued
      because of side-effects. Proliferation-retention hyperkeratosis without
      epidermolytic features may not respond properly to aromatic retinoid treatment.

PMID- 6447126
TI  - [Extrapalmoplantar skin symptoms and additional clinical, etiological and
      immunological aspects in particular, in Papillon-Lefevre syndrome].
AB  - Numerous patients with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome show scaly erythematous lesions
      over knees, elbows and the interphalangeal joints additionally to the well known
      palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis. Not rarely, these skin symptoms are misdiagnosed as
      psoriasis. The obligatory and highly specific periodontitis marginalis profunda
      should lead to the correct diagnosis. A basic immune defect, which was shown in
      such a patient recently, could not be verified in the patient described here.

PMID- 6447127
TI  - [Erythromelanoderma in pemphigus herpetiformis associated with eosinophilic
      spongiosis].
AB  - A 62 year old female was treated for several years with DDS because of Duhring
      disease like symptoms. She developed erythro-melanoderma, generalized
      lymphadenitis and pachyderma. Histologically there were eosinophilic spongiosis
      and intraepidermal vesiculation, blood eosinophilia up to 42%, and intercurrent
      streptococcal septicemia, immunohistologically in vivo bound pemphigus antibody,
      but no papillary or linear IgA. Indirect immunofluorescence was negative.
      Paraproteinemia was excluded.

PMID- 6447128
TI  - The visually handicapped child.

PMID- 6447129
TI  - [Diagnosis of intra-abdominal bleeding--comparison of peritoneal lavage and
      laparoscopy].
AB  - By peritoneal lavage, patients with abdominal trauma can be categorizied into: I.
      strongly positive = frank bleeding into the abdominal cavity; II. negative = no
      danger of bleeding; III. only small amounts of blood staining the lavage =
      watching policy by repeating the peritoneal lavage. Out of 132 PL, 33 were not
      conclusive in the first attempt. During the course, 9 of these had to be operated
      upon, whereas 24 could be spared a laparotomy by our watching policy. As to
      accuracy, there is no doubt that peritoneal lavage is outstanding and cannot be
      outweighed by laparoscopy. The same is true as to rapidity. In a retrospective
      study concerning 100 patients with blunt abdominal trauma and intraabdominal
      bleeding, we found that with peritoneal lavage 75% could be diagnosed within two
      hours following admittance, whereas our laparoscopy team reached the same in only
      26% of the patients.

PMID- 6447130
TI  - [Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver].

PMID- 6447131
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of gallbladder cancer].
AB  - 17 patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder were studied. In 7 cases a
      palliative operation for biliary or gastrointestinal obstruction was performed,
      in 6 patients a biopsy only. None of the 4 patients undergoing a more "radical"
      procedure survived 2 years. The main symptoms were pain, jaundice and weight
      loss. Other manifestations were acute cholecystitis and pyloric obstruction. A
      correct preoperative diagnosis was established only in 3 cases. Most of the small
      tumors are discovered by the surgeon who performs a cholecystectomy for stones.
      Simple cholecystectomy, however, is a palliative procedure in most cases with
      carcinoma involving all layers of the wall.

PMID- 6447132
TI  - Histochemical patterns in normal and splaylegged piglet muscle fibers.
AB  - The histochemical pattern of muscle fiber types of the longissimus dorsi and
      biceps femoris muscles was investigated in normal and splaylegged piglets at
      birth and seven days later. Only slight differences between the muscle fibers at
      birth were found using histochemical reactions for alkaline adenosine
      triphosphatase (ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), phosphorylase (PH)
      activities, and for the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. With the method for
      acid-preincubated ATPase activity, high activity was observed in Type I muscle
      fibers and low activity in Type II muscle fibers in animals of both groups
      investigated. However, a higher number of Type I fibers was found in muscles of
      normal piglets, suggesting a faster and more advanced process of transformation
      of Type II into Type I muscle fibers in unaffected animals. Thus the
      histochemical conversion appears to be retarded in muscles of splaylegged
      animals, which have a histochemical pattern similar to that of normal prenatal
      animals. Cholinesterase activity in motor endplates was well developed; its
      staining revealed smaller sized and irregularly arranged endplates in muscles of
      affected piglets. Fiber type differentiation in muscles of animals which
      recovered from splayleg becomes fully developed and comparable to normal piglets
      seven days after birth. The number of fibers which became converted from Type II
      to Type I was increased; the fiber types were differentiated with regard to the
      PAS reaction and to their ATPase, SDH and PH activities. Morphological features
      of motor endplates in muscles of normal and surviving splaylegged piglets are
      similar. Histochemical investigation of the fiber type differentiation thus
      suggests that full recovery occurs within the first week of postnatal life in
      muscles affected by pathological changes accompanying splayleg.

PMID- 6447133
TI  - Frequency response of body flow plethysmograph.

PMID- 6447134
TI  - An electrocapillary flowmeter usable as a quantitative sweat detector.
AB  - A quantitative sweat detector was devised as part of a noninvasive portable
      warning apparatus intended for the surveillance of unstable insulin-treated
      diabetics who may have nocturnal hypoglycemic attacks. The sweat sensor consists
      of a pair of electrodes embedded in a porous material that is infiltrated under
      capillary drive by sweat as it oozes out of the skin. It was shown that the
      detector is almost insensitive to insensible perspiration but undergoes graded
      variation of impedance as it is filled with sweat. It thus works as a transducer
      of sweat flux (flow rate through unit skin area) as long as the porous material
      is not saturated. This device has already proved useful as a hypogycemic alarm
      and could certainly be used for the measurement of sweating rate in place of more
      cumbersome devices involving ventilated chambers.

PMID- 6447135
TI  - Number and distribution of muscle spindles in the masticatory muscles of the rat.
AB  - The frequency and distribution of muscle spindles in the muscles of mastication
      of the rat have been studied. The average number of spindles found was 110 in the
      masseter, 75 in the temporalis and 25 in the medial pterygoid muscle, the
      spindles being predominantly in the medial parts of these muscles. No muscle
      spindles were found in the lateral pterygoid or posterior digastric muscle, and
      only isolated spindles were found in a few of the anterior digastric muscles.
      These differences between the jaw-closing and the jaw-opening muscles are
      intriguing and ask for further investigation of the role of the muscle spindles
      in mastication.

PMID- 6447136
TI  - Studies of the deferent ducts from the testis of the African elephant, Loxodonta
      africana. II. Histochemistry of the epididymis.
AB  - The three main segments of the elephant epididymis were examined for the
      occurrence, in the spermatozoa and lining epithelium, of carbohydrates, neutral
      lipids and phospholipids, ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase,
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, diaphorases, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases,
      acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The most distinct feature of the
      carbohydrate content of the epididymis was a layer of acidic, alcian blue
      positive glycoprotein over the luminal surface of the epithelium, particularly in
      the terminal segment. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions were also found
      throughout the epdidymis. Neutral lipid occurred as droplets above and below the
      nucleus in the epithelium of the middle segment, and as supranuclear
      accumulations in the terminal segment. All the enzymes except the steroid
      dehydrogenases were detected in the epididymal epithelium, and all except the
      steroid dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase were detected in the spermatozoa.
      There was considerable variation in the intensity of the cytochemical reactions
      in the epithelium, but not in the spermatozoa, in different regions of the
      epididymis. In general, the enzymes involved in active transport showed strongest
      reactions in the initial and terminal segments, the reactions in the stereocilia
      being the most intense. The enzymes involved in energy metabolism showed
      strongest reactions in the middle and terminal segments, with the activity being
      fairly evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the principal cells.
      However, the two lysosomal enzymes which were studied showed quite different
      distributions: the reactions for acid phosphatase were strongest in the initial
      and middle segments, whilst the reactions for non-specific esterase were
      strongest in the middle and terminal segments. It is suggested that the initial
      segment is involved in absorptive and anabolic activity, the middle segment in
      anabolic activity, and the terminal segment (where spermatozoa are stored ready
      for ejaculation) in considerable metabolic activity and active transport of
      substrates across the epithelium.

PMID- 6447137
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of LY127935, a broad spectrum oxa-beta-lactam.

PMID- 6447138
TI  - In vitro activity of mezlocillin against Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 6447139
TI  - Outer membrane-dependent transport systems in Escherichia coli: effect of
      repression or cessation of colicin receptor synthesis on colicin receptor
      activities.
AB  - Proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria serve as general porins
      or as receptors for specific nutrient transport systems. Many of these proteins
      are also used as receptors initiating the processes of colicin or phage binding
      and uptake. The functional activities of several outer membrane proteins in
      Escherichia coli K-12 were followed after cessation or repression of their
      synthesis. Cessation of receptor synthesis was accomplished with a thermolabile
      suppressor activity acting on amber mutations in btuB (encoding the receptor for
      vitamin B(12), the E colicins, and phage BF23) and in fepA (encoding the receptor
      for ferric enterochelin and colicins B and D). After cessation of receptor
      synthesis, cells rapidly became insensitive to the colicins using that receptor.
      Treatment with spectinomycin or rifampin blocked appearance of insensitive cells
      and even increased susceptibility to colicin E1. Insensitivity to phage BF23
      appeared only after a lag of about one division time, and the receptors remained
      functional for B(12) uptake throughout. Therefore, possession of receptor is
      insufficient for colicin sensitivity, and some interaction of receptor with
      subsequent uptake components is indicated. Another example of physiological
      alteration of colicin sensitivity is the protection against many of the tonB
      dependent colicins afforded by provision of iron-supplying siderophores. The rate
      of acquisition of this nonspecific protection was found to be consistent with the
      repression of receptor synthesis, rather than through direct and immediate
      effects on the tonB product or other components of colicin uptake or action.

PMID- 6447140
TI  - Inositol-limited growth, repair, and translocation in an inositol-requiring
      mutant of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The biochemical consequences of inositol limitation in an inositol auxotroph of
      Neurospora crassa have been examined as a means of disclosing the cellular role
      of inositol. The cellular levels of inositol in the inl mutant were proportional
      to the concentration of inositol in the growth medium whereas inositol phosphate
      levels remained relatively constant at about 0.1 mumol/g (dry weight). After 72 h
      of growth, about 57-fold more protein per milligram (dry weight) was released by
      the mutant grown on limiting inositol than by the inositol-supplemented control.
      When the inositol-limited growth medium was osmotically buffered with 1% NaCl, 3%
      NaCl, or 6% sorbitol, there was about 33, 74, or 54%, respectively, less protein
      released by the mutant. These results are consistent with cell lysis occurring in
      the mutant grown on limiting inositol because of a structurally weakened cell
      wall and membrane deterioration. When sufficient inositol for normal mycelial
      growth was supplied to an inositol-deficient mycelium, there was within 2 h a
      rapid incorporation of inositol to 85% of control levels. This incorporation
      occurred without significant growth by any area of the mycelium. About 10 to 15%
      of the total cell inositol was translocated forward from the older mycelial areas
      to the growing tips; only 2 to 5% of the total cell inositol was translocated
      backward toward the older mycelial areas. Possible mechanisms of translocation
      are discussed.

PMID- 6447141
TI  - Physiological and regulatory properties of the general amino acid transport
      system of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The fundamental properties of the general amino acid transport system of
      Neurospora crassa were investigated in the conidial stage of the life cycle. The
      transport activity was found to be under genetic control, and an isogenic set of
      mutants deficient for the neutral, basic, or general amino acid transport systems
      and combinations thereof was constructed and used for analyzing the properties
      specific to the general permease. Amino acid transport by this system was found
      to be a carrier-mediated active process with broad specificity for the neutral
      and basic amino acids. Kinetic analysis revealed that a common binding site
      functioned to transport both neutral and basic amino acids and that the permease
      had a high affinity for its substrates. The kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, and Ki
      were defined for several substrates. Two modes of regulation were detected:
      substrate inhibition and ammonium repression. Activity of the general system was
      enhanced by the removal of ammonium ions from the incubation medium with a
      concomitant decline in either neutral or basic permease activity, suggesting that
      a common component exists between the neutral and the general systems and between
      the basic and the general systems.

PMID- 6447142
TI  - Cytoplasmic membrane proteins of spectinomycin-susceptible and -resistant strains
      of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Cytoplasmic membranes were isolated and examined from two spectinomycin
      susceptible and three spectinomycin-resistant clinical strains of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae. A laboratory-derived spectinomycin-resistant mutant, obtained by
      serial passage on gradually increasing concentrations of the antibiotic, and a
      susceptible revertant, spontaneously arising from one of the resistant clinical
      strains, were also studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel
      electrophoresis revealed that a major protein, comprising about 7% of total
      cytoplasmic membrane protein (molecular weight 24,000), was absent in the three
      clinically isolated spectinomycin-resistant strains. In a revertant, this protein
      reappeared. During treatment of one of the susceptible strains with
      spectinomycin, the protein disappeared. However, this correlation was not
      maintained in the laboratory-derived spectinomycin-resistant mutant. This mutant
      was of comparable resistant to the clinical isolates, but the 24,000-molecular
      weight protein was present in normal quantities. In addition, spectinomycin
      resistant in clinical isolates was variable compared with stable resistance
      exhibited by the laboratory-derived mutant. These findings suggested that
      differences in laboratory-derived versus clinical spectinomycin resistance may be
      due to different types of resistance mutations.

PMID- 6447143
TI  - Conservation and variation of nucleotide sequences within related bacterial
      genomes: enterobacteria.
AB  - We have assessed the degree of relatedness of several portions of the Escherichia
      coli genome to the corresponding portions of the genomes of representative
      enteric bacteria, using the Southern transfer and hybridization technique (E.
      Southern, J. Mol. Biol. 98:503-517, 1975). The degree of relatedness varied among
      the regions examined. Judging both by the relative amounts of deoxyribonucleic
      acid in the various enteric genomes that are highly homologous and by the
      conservation of positions of restriction enzyme cleavage sites in these regions,
      the enteric genomes have diverged to greater extents in some parts of the genomes
      than in others. Portions of the genomes (including the tnaA and thyA genes, the
      trp operon, and one other unassigned segment) appear to have evolved in concert
      with the genome as a whole. By contrast, the lacZ gene and portions of the genome
      that are homologous to phage lambda vary more widely, perhaps reflecting a
      separate evolutionary origin for these segments of deoxyribonucleic acid.

PMID- 6447144
TI  - Subunits of the adenosine triphosphatase complex translated in vitro from the
      Escherichia coli unc operon.
AB  - The unc operon of Escherichia coli was split into two fragments by the
      restriction endonuclease HindIII. The operator-proximal portion was cloned into
      plasmid pACYC184, forming plasmid pAN51, which included the genes uncB, uncE, and
      uncA. When plasmid pAN51 was used as template in an in vitro
      transcription/translation system, the alpha subunit (from the uncA gene) and
      delta subunit of the F(1) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were formed. In
      addition, three polypeptides of molecular weights 18,000, 17,000, and 14,000 were
      formed, and the significance of these polypeptides is discussed. The operator
      distal portion of the unc operon was also cloned into plasmid pACYC184, forming
      plasmid pAN36, which included the uncD and uncC genes. When this plasmid was used
      as template in an in vitro transcription/translation system, the beta subunit
      (from the uncD gene) and the epsilon subunit (from the uncC gene) of the F(1)
      ATPase were formed. A polypeptide of a molecular weight similar to the epsilon
      subunit but of different net charge was also formed. Plasmid pAN45, carrying the
      complete unc operon, was isolated after digestion of a mixture of plasmids pAN51
      and pAN36 with the restriction endonuclease HindIII and then religation with T4
      deoxyribonucleic acid ligase. It was concluded that a HindIII restriction site
      occurred within the newly described uncG gene, which was shown, by
      complementation studies with Mu-induced mutants, to be located between the uncA
      and uncD genes to give the gene order uncBEAGDC. The uncG gene appears to code
      for the gamma subunit of the F(1) ATPase.

PMID- 6447145
TI  - Nucleotide binding to isolated alpha and beta subunits of proton translocating
      adenosine triphosphatase studied with circular dichroism.
AB  - The catalytic and allosteric sites of proton translocating adenosine
      triphosphatase (ATPase) were studied by measuring the binding of nucleotides to
      the ATPase, and its alpha and beta subunits purified from thermophilic bacterium
      PS3, with a circular dichroic spectrometer. In contrast to mesophilic ATPases,
      this thermophilic enzmye contained no tightly bound nucleotides, and its subunits
      were stable after their purification. These properties were advantageous for
      analyzing both catalytic and allosteric sites. The former site showed rapid and
      loose binding, but the latter slow (t 1/2 = 1 h, for ADP) and tight binding. When
      a nucleotide was bound, the beta subunits showed a negative ellipticity at 275 nm
      corresponding to a tyrosyl residue, while the alpha subunits showed an
      ellipticity change corresponding to the absorption curve of the bound nucleotide.
      This difference enabled us to distinguish the binding sites in ATPase. At a low
      concentration, ADP selectively bound to alpha subunits in the ATPase, while at a
      high concentration, it bound to both subunits. This finding suggests that the
      tight binding sites are located in the alpha subunits. Although ADP and ATP bound
      to both the purified alpha and beta subunits, CTP did not bind to beta but only
      to alpha subunits, and ITP bound to beta but hardly to alpha. These nucleotide
      specificities also supported the idea that the catalytic sites are located in the
      beta subunits and the allosteric sites are located in the alpha subunits.

PMID- 6447146
TI  - Proteolytic cleavage of an activated subcomponent of the first component of
      rabbit complement, C1s.
AB  - When rabbit C1 purified by affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose 6B was
      chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate,
      C1s was isolated as two forms, C1s(I) and C1s(II), having different molecular
      weights. On the other hand, incubation of the C1 with soybean trypsin inhibitor
      before the chromatography resulted in the isolation of C1s(I) alone, indicating
      that, during the purification, C1s(II) was derived from C1s(I) by proteolytic
      cleavage of C1s(I) by a contaminating protease, probably plasmin [EC 3.4.21.7].
      In fact, C1s(I) was completely converted to C1s(II) or a C1s(II)-like fragment by
      highly purified plasmin. Analysis of the polypeptide chain structures revealed
      that C1s(I), which consisted of H and L chains with molecular weights of 70,000
      and 36,000, respectively, was converted to C1s(II) by cleavage of the H chain,
      since C1s(II) consisted of two chains each with a molecular weight of 37,000.
      This conversion proceeded without any alteration in C1 esterase activity, but was
      accompanied by loss of the ability to form C1r-C1s complex.

PMID- 6447147
TI  - Fluorometric method for estimating the kinetic parameters of beta-naphthyl
      triphosphate and ATP hydrolysis by acto-heavy meromyosin.
AB  - We have established a method to estimate the values of various kinetic parameters
      of acto-heavy meromyosin (acto-HMM) ATPase, using a fluorescent ATP analog, beta
      naphthyl triphosphate (beta-NapP3); from the fluorescence intensity change
      accompanying beta-NapP3 hydrolysis, the various kinetic parameters of beta-NapP3
      hydrolysis, including its product inhibition, were obtained. beta-NapPd3
      hydrolysis is inhibited competitively by ATP, resulting in different time courses
      of fluorescence intensity change in the presence and absence of ATP. From this
      difference, the values of kinetic parameters of ATP hydrolysis, including its
      product inhibition, can be estimated. By extending this method to the acto-HMM
      system, seventeen parameters in a reaction scheme for the concurrent hydrolysis
      of ATP and beta-NapP3, including association constants between F-actin and
      substrate-free or substrate-bound HMM, were obtained. The kinetic-parameters
      estimated for ATP hjydrolsis were in good agreement with those in the literature.

PMID- 6447148
TI  - Transient kinetics of a Ca2+-induced fluorescence change from membrane-associated
      and solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
AB  - The kinetics and extent of the fluorescence change induced by Ca2+ interaction
      with the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum have been compared by stopped
      flow fluorimetry for three preparations: sarcoplasmic reticulum; purified ATPase
      in membrane vesicles; and solubilized, delipidated ATPase. The kinetics of Ca2+
      release and binding for both purified preparations could be described by a single
      exponential as has been observed for sarcoplasmic reticulum. The rate and extent
      of the fluorescence change for the solubilized and membrane-associated
      preparations are shown to be quite similar to those of the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. From these results, it is concluded that all of the Ca2+-induced
      fluoescence change in sarcoplasmic reticulum originates from the Ca2+-ATPase. In
      addition, since the change in fluorescence is probably result of a conformational
      change in the ATPase during the Ca2+ pumping cycle, the results provide
      additional evidence that monomeric Ca2+-ATPase may be capable of Ca2+ transport
      since the delipidated preparation is monomeric under the conditions used for
      these experiments. Finally, it is concluded that phospholipid bilayer is not
      essential for this conformational change.

PMID- 6447149
TI  - Mechanism of inactivation of myosin subfragment 1 by Co(III)phenATP. A
      reinvestigation.

PMID- 6447150
TI  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora
      crassa. Isolation and sequences of several cyanogen bromide peptides from the NH2
      terminal portion of the peptide chain.
AB  - Previous studies of the amino acid sequence of the NAD-specific glutamate
      dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa (EC 1.4.1.2) resulted in the assignments of
      peptides to four fragments, the longest being the COOH-terminal 669 residues of
      the protein. A further study of peptides derived by cyanogen bromide cleavage by
      different separation methods has yielded additional peptides that have provided
      new information concerning the sequence and has given overlaps of previously
      known sequences. This has permitted establishment of 313 residues in one sequence
      (fragment II). This is in addition to a sequence of 43 residues (fragment I) at
      the NH2-terminal end and a sequence of 669 residues (fragment III) previously
      established at the COOH-terminal end of the molecule. The present status of our
      knowledge of the overall sequence is given in the accompanying papers, together
      with some views regarding the conformation of the protein (Haberland, M.E., Chen,
      C.-W., and Smith, E.L. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 7993-8000, and Austen, B.M.,
      Haberland, M.E., and Smith, E.L. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8001-8004).

PMID- 6447151
TI  - NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa. Limited action of
      trypsin and the presence of two distinct domains.

PMID- 6447152
TI  - Secondary structure predictions for the NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - From the amino acid sequences of the three known fragments of the NAD-specific
      glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa, the secondary structures have been
      predicted from the rules of Chou and Fasman (Chou, P.Y., and Fasman, G.D. (1979)
      Biophys. J. 26, 367-384). Comparison of these structures with those calculated
      for bovine glutamate dehydrogenase has shown that in the regions of homologous
      sequences containing identified functional regions, there is considerable
      homology of structure. From these predictions, it has been possible to identify a
      putative coenzyme-binding domain in the COOH-terminal part of the molecule
      similar to those of various NAD-specific dehydrogenases. Residues whose
      modification alters coenzyme binding are located in the putative coenzyme binding
      domain. The major sites of tryptic cleavage of the native enzyme, described in an
      accompanying paper (Haberland, M.E., Chen, C.-W., and Smith, E.L. (1980) J. Biol.
      Chem. 255, 7993-8000), are in regions of random coil structure.

PMID- 6447153
TI  - Skeletal transients on heel strike in normal walking with different footwear.

PMID- 6447154
TI  - Properties of microtubule sliding disintegration in isolated Tetrahymena cilia.
AB  - Properties of the sliding disintegration response of demembranated tetrahymena
      cilia have been studied by measuring the spectrophotomeric response or turbidity
      of cilia suspensions at a wavelength of 350 nm relative to changes in the dynein
      substrate (MgATP(2-)) concentration. The maximum decrease in turbidity occurs in
      20 muM ATP, and 90 percent of the decrease occurs in approximately 5.9 s. At
      lower ATP concentrations (1-20 muM), both the velocity and magnitude of the
      turbidity decreases are proportional to ATP concentration. The velocity data for
      20 muM ATP permit construction of a reaction velocity curve suggesting that
      changes in turbidity are directly proportional to the extent and velocity of
      disintegration. At ATP concentrations more than 20 muM (50muM to 5mM), both
      velocity and magnitude of the turbidimetric response are reduced by approximately
      50 percent. This apparent inhibition results in a biphasic response curve that
      may be related to activation of residual shear resistance or regulatory
      components at the higher ATP concentrations. The inhibitory effects of elevated
      ATP can be eliminated by mild trypsin proteolysis, whereupon the reaction goes to
      completion at any ATP concentration. The turbidimetric responses of the axoneme
      substrate suspensions are consistent with the extent and type of axoneme
      disintegration revealed by electron microscope examination of the various
      suspensions, suggesting that the turbidimetric assay may prove to be a reliable
      means for assessing the state of axoneme integrity.

PMID- 6447155
TI  - Calcium control of waveform in isolated flagellar axonemes of Chlamydomonas.
AB  - The effect of Ca(++) on the waveform of reactivated, isolated axonemes of
      chlamydomonas flagella was investigated. Flagella were detached and isolated by
      the dibucaine procedure and demembranated by treatment with the detergent
      Nonidet; the resulting axomenes lack the flagellar membrane and basal bodies. In
      Ca(++)-buffered reactivation solutions containing 10(-6) M or less free Ca(++),
      the axonemes beat with a highly asymmetrical, predominantly planar waveform that
      closely resembled that of in situ flagella of forward swimming cells. In
      solutions containing 10(-4) M Ca(++), the axonemes beat with a symmetrical
      waveform that was very similar to that of in situ flagella during backward
      swimming. In 10(-5) M Ca(++), the axonemes were predominantly quiescent, a state
      that appears to be closely associated with changes in axomenal waveform or
      direction of beat in many organisms. Experiments in which the concentrations of
      free Ca(++), not CaATP(--) complex were independently varied suggested that free
      Ca(++), not CaATP(--), was responsible for the observed changes. Analysis of the
      flagellar ATPases associated with the isolated axonemes and the nonidet- soluble
      membrane-matrix fraction obtained during preparation of the axonemes showed that
      the axonemes lacked the 3.0S Ca(++)-activated ATPase, almost all of which was
      recovered in the membrane-matrix fraction. These results indicate that free
      Ca(++) binds directly to an axonemal component to alter flagellar waveform, and
      that neither the 3.0S CaATPase nor the basal bodies are directly involved in this
      change.

PMID- 6447156
TI  - Increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane to ferritin after
      removal of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate) by enzyme digestion.
AB  - Glomerular basement membranes (GBM's) were subjected to digestion in situ with
      glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes to assess the effect of removing
      glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on the permeability of the GBM to native ferritin (NF).
      Kidneys were digested by perfusion with enzyme solutions followed by perfusion
      with NF. In controls treated with buffer alone, NF was seen in high concentration
      in the capillary lumina, but the tracer did not penetrate to any extent beyond
      the lamina rara interna (LRI) of the GBM, and litte or no NF reached the urinary
      spaces. Findings in kidneys perfused with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (removes
      hyaluronic acid) and chondroitinase-ABC (removes hyaluronic acid, chondroitin 4-
      and 6-sulfates, and dermatan sulfate, but not heparan sulfate) were the same as
      in controls. In kidneys digested with heparinase (which removes most GAG
      including heparan sulfate), NF penetrated the GBM in large amounts and reached
      the urinary spaces. Increased numbers of tracer molecules were found in the
      lamina densa (LD) and lamina rara externa (LRE) of the GBM. In control kidneys
      perfused with cationized ferritin (CF), CF bound to heparan-sulfate rich sites
      demonstrated previously in the laminae rarae; however, no CF binding was seen in
      heparinase-digested GBM's, confirming that the sites had been removed by the
      enzyme treatment. The results demonstrated that removal of heparan sulfate (but
      not other GAG) leads to a dramatic increase in the permeability of the GBM to NF.

PMID- 6447157
TI  - In vitro proliferation and lifespan of bovine aorta endothelial cells: effect of
      culture conditions and fibroblast growth factor.
AB  - The effect of culture conditions on calf dorsal aorta endothelial cells was
      studied. Population doubling time varied as a function of the cell seeding
      density, growth Medium, serum supplement, and concentration of fibroblast growth
      factor (FGF). The shortest population doubling time was found for cells
      (population doubling level 0--30) grown in Eagle's Minimal Essential medium (MEM)
      supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100 ng/ml FGF. The stimulatory
      effect of FGF on bovine endothelial cell proliferation was dependent on cell
      inoculation density. FGF significantly increased cell division rate at cell
      inocula less than 1 x 10(4) cells/cm2 but not at higher densities. The population
      doubling time and cell size increased as the mass culture population doubling
      level increased. The replicative lifespans of bovine endothelial cells grown in
      medium supplemented with 20% FBS were 10--15% greater than parallel cultures
      supplemented with 10% FBS. Cultures grown in medium supplemented with 10% FBS and
      50 ng/ml FGF showed a 50% increase in replicative lifespan compared to cultures
      grown in medium supplemented with 10% FBS alone. When FGF was used the increase
      in the number of doublings was a function of the length of time the cells were
      grown in the presence of FGF. This report extends comparable observations on the
      in vitro aging of human diploid fibroblasts to bovine endothelial cells.

PMID- 6447158
TI  - [Analysis of glibornuride in serum in reverse phase high performance
      chromatography].

PMID- 6447159
TI  - Health status indicators: their utility in chronic-disease evaluation research.

PMID- 6447160
TI  - Amniotic fluid concentrations of delta 5 and delta 4 steroids in fetuses with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency and in
      anencephalic fetuses.

PMID- 6447161
TI  - Sex differences in the twenty-four-hour mean plasma concentrations of
      dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and the
      DHA to DHAS ratio in normal adults.
AB  - The 24-h mean plasma concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and
      dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and the DHA to DHAS ratio were determined
      in 37 normal women, aged 21-75 yr, and 32 normal men, aged 21-72 yr. As predicted
      from our study of sex differences in the metabolism of DHAS, women showed a
      markely higher DHA to DHAS ratio than men at all ages; the geometric mean for
      women was 7.5 x 10(-3) and that for men was 3.9 x 10(-3) (P less than 0.0001);
      and the mean for premenopausal women (6.7 x 10(-3) did not differ significantly
      from that for postmenopausal women (8.6 x 10(-3)). The two steroids showed a
      clear-cut linear inverse correlation between concentration and age in both sexes,
      and menopause was "nonevent" in the age progression for both steroids in the
      women. The slopes of the concentration vs. age curves were considerably greater
      in the women, as a reuslt of which the sex differences in concentrations of these
      steroids changed with age. Under age 50 yr, the plasma DHA concentration of women
      was considerably higher than that of men [462 +/- 187 (mean +/-  SD) vs. 336 +/- 
      103; P less than 0.025], while the concentrations of DHAS showed no significant
      sex difference ((77 +/-  38 vs. 101 +/- 67; P greater than 0.1). In persons 50 yr
      of age or over, plasma DHA concentrations were about the same in women and men
      (238 +/- 119 vs. 287 +/- 121; P greater than 0.1), but plasma DHAS concentrations
      were very much lower in women (31 +/- 21 vs. 83 +/- 49; P less than 0.0001).

PMID- 6447162
TI  - Sex difference in the metabolism of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate.
AB  - The metabolism of a tracer of [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate ([3H]DHAS) was
      studied in five normal women and six normal men. Two major sex differences were
      found. 1) The total urinary recovery of radioactivity was considerably greater in
      women (73 +/-  5.5% of the dose vs. 51 +/- 3.5; P less than 0.01), principally
      due to higher excretion of nonglucuronide, nonsulfate conjugates (35 +/- 2.2% of
      the dose vs. 21 +/-  3.9%; P less than 0.025). This finding is analogous to the
      sex difference in estradiol metabolism we have reported and is hypothesized to
      represent diversion of excretion of these conjugates  in women from the biliary
      to the urinary excretion route because of the known lower biliary excretory
      capacity of women, which is a consequence of their higher estrogen levels. 2) The
      recovery of androsterone and etiocholanolone was considerably higher in the women
      (15.4 +/- 1.4% of the dose vs. 10 +/- 1.8%; P less than 0.05). Since conversion
      of DHAS to etiocholanolone and androsterone in vivo entails prior cleavage of
      DHAS to DHA, this sex difference in the recovery of androsterone and
      etiocholanolone is interpreted to mean that DHAS leads to DHA cleavage is
      considerably greater in women than in men. It is predicted that the plasma DHA to
      DHAS ratio should be substantially greater in women then in men.

PMID- 6447163
TI  - Depressed primary in vitro antibody response in untreated systemic lupus
      erythematosus. T helper cell defect and lack of defective suppressor cell
      function.
AB  - The in vitro antibody response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 19
      patients with untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that
      of 20 control patients and 44 normal subjects. Trinitrophenyl polyacrylamide
      beads (TNP-PAA) were used to induce IgM anti-TNP plaque-forming cells. SLE
      patients displayed a markedly depressed, and in most instances virtually absent,
      response. This was not due to an unusual kinetics of the response; nor could it
      be induced by preincubation of SLE patients' PBL. In co-cultures of SLE patients
      and normal PBL, the former, with few exceptions, did not exert a suppressive
      effect. In four patients the anti-TNP response of either unfractionated or T
      depleted SLE PBL could be restored by T cells from a normal individual.
      Conversely in three of these patients, SLE T cells could not support the response
      of normal B cells, suggesting a T helper cell defect in SLE PBL. Concanavalin A
      (Con A)-induced suppressor cells of the antibody response could be assayed by two
      approaches: (a) in responder SLE patients, by the direct addition of Con A to TNP
      PAA-stimulated cultures; (b) in seven patients by transfer of Con A-activated
      cells to the responding culture of a normal allogeneic donor. In both cases SLE
      PBL were able to exert a suppressive effect to the same extent as normal PBL.

PMID- 6447164
TI  - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Evidence
      for a T cell defect.
AB  - The proliferative response of T lymphocytes cultured with autologous non-T
      lymphocytes is known as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). This
      reaction can be demonstrated reproducibly in healthy individuals and has been
      shown to generate specific cytotoxic T cells, as well as T cells that regulate
      antibody synthesis and cell-mediated immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that
      the autologous MLR is impaired or absent in most patients with Hodgkin's disease
      regardless of age, sex, pathologic stage, or histologic classification. In 64
      patients, the mean autologous MLR was 3,084+/-1,878 cpm compared to 16,552+/
      6,532 in 29 healthy donors. A defect in autologous MLR was observed in newly
      diagnosed patients before the initiation of therapy, but was also found in
      patients without evidence of recurrent disease up to 15 yr after treatment. These
      findings could not be explained by abnormal kinetics or poor viability of
      stimulator or responder cells. The possibility that suppressor cells are
      responsible for the reduction of T cell autoreactivity was examined by comparing
      the autologous MLR of a healthy HLA-identical sibling in the presence and absence
      of T or non-T cells of an affected sibling. No inhibitory effects were observed.
      Similarly, substitution of patient plasma for pooled AB serum failed to inhibit
      the autologous responses of normal donors. Increasing the number of responder T
      cells in the culture or removing adherent cells from the stimulator population
      enhanced autoreactivity in some patients, indicating that the defect is not
      absolute. In two families, T cells of healthy HLA-A, B, and DR-identical siblings
      of patients responded normally to the non-T cells of their affected siblings,
      whereas patients' T cells failed to respond both to their own stimulator cells
      and those of their healthy HLA-identical siblings. These data indicate that the
      impairment of autologous MLR in some patients is due to a reduction or
      dysfunction of responder T cell activity and not to a defect of autologous
      stimulator cells.

PMID- 6447165
TI  - Generation of suppressor cells in mice after surgical trauma.
AB  - Immunoincompetency is often seen in patients after various types of trauma and is
      associated with increased morbidity and mortality from infectious complications.
      To understand better the immunologic impairment associated with trauma, we have
      studied this phenomenon in an animal model. Splenocytes from mice traumatized by
      amputation of their right hind limbs were consistently shown to have a diminished
      capacity to proliferate in response to alloantigens and to form alloreactive
      cytolytic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Anesthesia itself had no effect in
      this system. The immunoincompetency was detected from 2 h to 6 d after surgical
      trauma and was completely reversed by removing adherent and phagocytic cells from
      the splenocytes. Furthermore, addition of splenocytes from traumatized mice to
      mixed lymphocyte cultures from normal mice prevented normal lymphocytes from
      responding to alloantigens, suggesting the existence of suppressor cells. The
      suppressor cells were found to adhere to glass and to nylon wool columns, and
      were contained within an esterase-positive cell population. They were insensitive
      to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and anti-Ig sera in the presence of complement.
      Therefore, the present results suggest that a Thy 1.2-negative, Ig-negative,
      esterase-positive cell population capable of adhering to glass and nylon wool,
      presumably macrophages, was responsible for the inhibition of the responsiveness
      of lymphocytes to alloantigens in traumatized animals.

PMID- 6447167
TI  - Nail disorders. A review.
AB  - The nail is capable of only a limited number of pathologic responses. Some of
      these alterations, including idiopathic disorders, infections, tumors, and drug
      induced reactions, are reviewed in the light of recent observations. Whenever
      possible, clinicopathologic correlation has been emphasized. Specific suggestions
      are made for diagnostic technics and treatment modalities.

PMID- 6447166
TI  - Heterogeneity of b lymphocyte differentiation in severe combined immunodeficiency
      disease.
AB  - Pokeweed mitogen-induced B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro into antibody
      secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC) was investigated in nine patients with
      severe combined immunodeficiency having variable proportions of circulating B
      lymphocytes. When cultured by themselves, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      did not respond to stimulation with pokeweed mitogen in any patient. In the
      presence of irradiated allogeneic T cells as helpers, however, PFC responses were
      elicited in lymphocyte cultures from peripheral blood and/or bone marrow in some
      patients. In one of these patients, results of allogeneic co-culture experiments
      were suggestive of genetically restricted suppressor cells. In a single patient
      with deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, PFC were generated in bone
      marrow lymphocyte cultures only when they were supplemented with exogenous
      adenosine deaminase and allogeneic helper cells. A parallel study of T lymphocyte
      differentiation in vitro performed in fractionated bone marrow cells was
      suggestive of arrested differentiation at different steps along the
      differentiation pathway. In two patients with evidence of functional B cell
      precursors, deficiencies of helper T cell function could be attributed to
      differentiation defects at the level of the stem cells in one and the thymus in
      the other. The findings reported here further substantiate the heterogeneity of
      the severe combined immunodeficiency disease syndromes.

PMID- 6447168
TI  - Systemic immune complex disease following intestinal bypass surgery: bypass
      disease.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with arthritis and dermatitis following intestinal bypass
      surgery were studied. The arthritis was polyarticular, remittent, and
      intermittent. Typically, the synovial fluid was inflammatory. The commonest
      inflammatory skin lesion was a vesiculopustular dermatitis. Nineteen patients and
      serum immmune complexes using the Raji cell technic. Seventeen patients had serum
      cryoproteins, primarily consisting of IgG 1, IgG 3, C3, and C4. Three patients
      had both Escherichia coli antigens and anti-E. coli antibody in their
      cryoprotein. Five patients had granular and one had linear deposits of
      immunoglobulin and complement at the dermoepidermal junction. Further evidence
      that bacterial antigens play a role in tissue injury was provided by detection of
      granular deposits of E. coli antigen at the dermoepidermal junctions in two
      patients, and at the glomerular capillary basement membrane in one patient.

PMID- 6447169
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of peripheral arterial disease in the geriatric patient.
AB  - A progressive increase in the incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease
      is being observed in today's steadily aging population. In recent years, a number
      of simple noninvasive vascular techniques have become available for the diagnosis
      of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. These techniques provide the physician
      with physiologic information about the patient's peripheral circulation which
      permits discrimination between complaints compatible with the aging process and
      those indicative of an underlying disease state. This article reviews the
      noninvasive vascular diagnostic techniques that the authors found useful in
      evaluating the geriatric patient. These include oculoplethysmography. Doppler
      ultrasound, photoplethysmography, arterial impedance plethysmography, and
      electromagnetic flowmetry.

PMID- 6447170
TI  - Effect of cadmium on ATPase activities in rats fed on iron-deficient and
      sufficient diets.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on different levels of cadmium mixed with
      purified diets containing iron or no iron for 8 weeks. The body weight gain,
      tissue weights, hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver and brain ATPase were measured at
      2, 4 and 8 weeks after feeding. The hemoglobin and hematocrit values were the
      same in all rats fed on cadmium. The rats fed on iron-deficient diets mixed with
      cadmium showed a significant decrease in body weight gain. However, the rats
      receiving only the 100 ppm of cadmium in iron-sufficient diet showed a
      significant decrease in body weight gain. There were no significant changes in
      the weights of thymus, spleen, kidney, heart, brain and testes. However, the
      liver weights were decreased in the highest treatment of cadmium but the liver
      weight/body ratios were uneffected. Na+-K+ activated ATPase activity in brains of
      rats fed on cadmium were significantly decreased at 2, 4 and 8 weeks of
      treatment. The decrease was more pronounced in rats fed on iron-deficient diets.
      Oligomycin-sensitive (Mitochondrial) Mg2+ ATPase activity was also significantly
      decreased in liver and brain tissues of rats fed on cadmium. Oligomycin
      insensitive Mg2+ ATPase activity, however, was not altered in any tissues tested.
      It appears that cadmium may be interfering with energy (ATP) production and
      utilization processes in rat brain and liver tissues.

PMID- 6447171
TI  - Effects of pollution on humic substances.
AB  - To assess effects of industrial and environmental pollution on analytical
      characteristics of humic substances, we isolated humic acids (HA's) and fulvic
      acids (FA's) from unpolluted and polluted soils and sediments. Following
      purification, the HA's and FA's were characterized by elemental (C, H, O, N, S)
      and functional group (CO2H, phenolic OH, total acidity) analyses, infrared (IR)
      spectrophotometry, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and by metal (Fe, Al, Cu,
      Mn, Pb, Ni, Co, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Ca and Mg) analyses. Si was also determined in
      all samples. Polluted HA's and FA's contained more N and S but less O and were
      richer in all metals and Si than were unpolluted ones. IR spectra showed that
      polluted humic materials were enriched in COO- groups, secondary non-cyclic
      amides and possible also in SO3H groups. DTA curves indicated that polluted HA's
      and FA's were more thermostable than unpolluted HA's and FA's. Unusually high N,
      S, Cu, Cr, Zn and Hg contents of humic materials appear to be useful indicators
      of soil and sediment pollution.

PMID- 6447172
TI  - Rhythm-adjusted age effects in a concomitant study of twelve hormones in blood
      plasma of women.
AB  - The concentrations of luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estrone, estradiol, 17
      hydroxyprogestrone, cortisol, aldosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, thyrotropic
      hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxin and insulin were determined in blood plasma
      obtained from women aged 15 to 59 years. Blood was sampled at intervals of 20 to
      100 min throughout 24-hour spans in each of the four seasons and (in the case of
      cycling women) in four different stages of the menstrual cycle. With such
      sampling allowing for rhythmic and other fluctuations over a broad time scale it
      was possible to demonstrate statistically significant effects of age on hormones
      associated with the menstrual cycle (luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estrone,
      estradiol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone) and on dehydroepiandrosterone, but not on
      the remainder. The amplitude of circadian rhythms in several of the hormones also
      varied with age, thus affirming the value of sampling throughout this particular
      rhythm.

PMID- 6447173
TI  - Immunological surveys of diphtheric antitoxic antibodies in some African and
      Asian countries.
AB  - Immunological surveys of diphtheric antitoxic antibodies confirmed the existence
      of a high circulation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in some African and Asian
      countries. The high immunity level in early childhood confirms the well known
      fact that other forms of diphtheria, in particular the cutaneous forms,
      participate in the formation of antitoxic antibodies. Immunological surveys can
      determine relatively exactly the extent of risk of infection in the separate age
      groups and thus delimit the range of the planned vaccination campaigns. Exact
      determination of the age groups eligible for vaccination makes it possible
      efficaciously to employ the means allotted for the health services. In some
      cases, it is possible to dispense with vaccination altogether. However, it should
      be borne in mind that a change in the socio-economic conditions and increasing
      urbanization of these countries may induce a radical change in the situation.
      Children not protected from the cutaneous forms thanks to a better hygienic and
      social standard, might fall ill with diphtheria of the throat in the future. It
      is therefore advisable to continue the follow-up of the immune state of the child
      population at several years time intervals and, in case of necessity, timely to
      intervene by vaccinating the endangered groups.

PMID- 6447174
TI  - Measurement of antigen-antibody complexes in mouse sera by conglutinin, C1q and
      rheumatoid factor solid phase binding assays.
AB  - The application of three solid phase tests for the detection of antigen-antibody
      complexes in the sera of inbred and selectively-bred mice with experimentally
      induced chronic antigen-antibody complex disease is described. Two of the tests
      used--the C1q binding assay (C1qBA) and the conglutinin binding assay (KBA)--were
      previously described methods which we have modified for the detection of murine
      complexes. The third test is a new solid phase polyclonal rheumatoid factor
      binding assay (RFBA). The results demonstrate that the correlation of positivity
      with the three methods varied during the course of a chronic disease but in
      general results with the KBA showed a better correlation with the RFBA than with
      the C1qBA. Furthermore, the KBA and RFBA preferentially bound complexes of lower
      molecular weight than did the C1qBA. It is suggested that the parallel use of
      these three tests during the study of murine antigen-antibody complex disease
      will provide valuable information concerning the nature of the complexes
      involved; since the three tests, when run in parallel, will detect large
      complement fixing complexes (C1q), small complement fixing complexes (KBA) and
      small non-complement fixing complexes (RFBA).

PMID- 6447175
TI  - Lymphocyte surface markers and cytotoxicity following cryopreservation.
AB  - The effects of cryopreservation (CP) on lymphocyte subpopulation distribution and
      functional activity in blastogenic and cytotoxicity assays were tested.
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 12 healthy human donors were obtained by
      Ficoll-Hypaque separation. Half of each sample was tested fresh, while the other
      half was cryopreserved and then thawed and tested the same day. Each sample of CP
      PBL was compared to fresh PBL from the same donor in simultaneous assays.
      Following CP there was a significant reduction in the percentage of E, EA gamma,
      and EA mu rosette-forming cells with a reciprocal increase in EAC rosette-forming
      cells. The blastogenic response to alloantigens was stable following CP while
      blastogenesis in unstimulated control cultures was significantly reduced. Mixed
      lymphocyte culture (MLC)-induced cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) was consistently
      and significantly diminished by CP. Cytotoxicity in 4 h chromium release NK
      (K562), ADCC, and LDCC assays was also significantly diminished by CP. In
      contrast, cytotoxicity was unaffected in an 18 h cytotoxicity assay against
      adherent cultured melanoma target cells.

PMID- 6447176
TI  - Diabetes and the heart.

PMID- 6447177
TI  - The expression pattern of hepatitis B e antigen and antibody in different ethnic
      and clinical groups of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.
AB  - The presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) was
      studied in 249 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of
      different ethnic origin and clinical course. Among male homosexuals, renal
      transplant recipients, and hemodialysis patients, > 90% were HBeAg-positive. In
      contrast, anti-HBe was present in > 85% of HBsAg-positive Danish pregnant women
      and blood donors. In presumably immunologically intact persons, significantly
      elevated levels of transaminases were found in the HBeAg-positive group as
      compared with the anti-BHe group (P < 0.0001). Among persons with Down's
      syndrome, males showed a tendency toward clearing of HBeAg and development of
      anti-BHe as compared with females. In Eskimos a correlation was found between
      presence of hepatitis B e markers, age of the HBsAg carrier, and geographic
      origin of the carrier. A similar age relationship was found in Vietnamese
      refugees. It is proposed that in the general population a correlation may exist
      between the prevalence of HBsAg carriers and the percentage of HBeAg-positive
      HBsAg carriers.

PMID- 6447178
TI  - [Dental health check-up for the 18-month-old].

PMID- 6447179
TI  - Studies on the pharmacologic manipulation of suppressor cells associated with
      impaired immunoglobulin production.
AB  - Several agents were tested for their potential to reverse the suppression of
      normal IgG and IgM production mediatd by human cord T cells and cells from
      patients with agammaglobulinemia. No reversal of suppression was observed with in
      vitro incubation of co-cultured normal and immune-deficiency suppressor cells
      with cimetidine, lithium, or levamisole. Allogeneic helper factor prepared from
      normal mononuclear cells was able to overcome the suppression of normal IgG
      production mediated by cord T cells but did not overcome suppression of IgG or
      IgM production mediated by suppressor cells from agammaglobulinemic patients.

PMID- 6447180
TI  - Quantitative determination of fibrin and fibrinogen in biological material.
AB  - In order to measure quantitatively fibrin and fibrinogen in biological material
      such as thrombi, exudates, or tissues, the following method was developed and
      tested on model thrombi of different composition. Any fibrin and fibrinogen
      present is proteolytically degraded by endogenous and/or exogenous plasmin to
      their common late, soluble fragments D and E. Fragment E is determined by
      electroimmunoassay using a specific antiserum. From the amounts of fragment E the
      original fibrin(fibrinogen) antigen and thus of fibrin plus fibrinogen can be
      calculated on the basis of a molecular weight ratio of 340,000 for fibrinogen to
      48,500 for fragment E. Purified fibrinogen degraded to fragments by plasmin
      resulted in a yield of 89.9% +/- 1.5 of the expected amount of fragment E. Fibrin
      under identical conditions resulted in a yield of 84.0% +/- 2.4, whereas
      crosslinked fibrin gave yields of 78.2% +/- 9.2 only after prolonged incubation.
      Control studies demonstrated that the presence of plasma proteins did not change
      the yield of fragment E. Measurement of the fibrin(fibrinogen) content of
      thrombotic material contained in surgically removed human aortic aneurysms
      demonstrated the validity and applicability of this method to biological
      material.

PMID- 6447181
TI  - Contact-activated factors: contaminants of immunoglobulins preparations with
      coagulant and vasoactive properties.
AB  - The intramuscular or intravenous administration of ISG prepared from human plasma
      by ethanol fractionation can elicit such reactions as pain at the injection site,
      flushing, and even hypotension. Similar adverse reactions to plasma protein
      fraction, a volume expander also made by ethanol fractionation, have been
      associated with PKA (Hageman factor fragments) in the product. Twenty-five lots
      of commercial ISG were therefore analyzed for PKA and kallikrein, components of
      the contact activation system which could mediate such reactions through the
      generation of kinins in recipients. Kallikrein activity ranged from undetectable
      levels to > 60% of the total potential kallikrein activity in normal plasma. PKA,
      which was measured by its ability to catalyze the conversion of prekallikrein to
      kallikrein, ranged from 5% to 3950% of the activity in a reference plasma protein
      fraction that had caused hypotension. All but five lots increased vascular
      permeability in the guinea pig. The five lots which caused no increased were also
      the lowest in PKA and kallikrein activity. When ISG ws subjected to gel
      chromatography to separate the enzymic contaminants from immunoglobulin G, only
      the fractions containing PKA and/or kallikrein increased vascular permeability.
      Several lots of ISG shortened the nonactivated partial thromboplastin time of
      normal plasma fro 236 sec to 38 to 55 sec. During gel chromatography, coagulation
      activity was eluted in a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 150,000;
      it was inhibited by antibody to human factor XI. These data indicate that factor
      XIa is responsible for the coagulant activity observed and that PKA and/or
      kallikrein are potential mediators of vasoactive reactions to ISG.

PMID- 6447182
TI  - The effects of chronic mesangial immune injury on glomerular function.

PMID- 6447183
TI  - Prevalence and characteristics of disabled children: findings from the 1974
      General Household Survey.
AB  - In the absence of nationally representative data on the prevalence of disability
      among children, a special analysis of relevant data in the General Household
      Survey (GHS) was carried out. A long-standing illness, disability or infirmity
      was present in 7.6% of the children under 16 in the 1974 sample of the GHS. An
      assessment of the extent to which the children were disabled resulted in 10% of
      the children being classified as severe, 29% as moderate, and 61% as mild. About
      half of the children classified as severe had a congenital anomaly or suffered
      from a mental disorder. Prevalence rates for specific conditions were compared
      with those obtained in other studies. Compared with all children in the survey,
      significantly more of the severely and moderately disabled children were boys
      than girls, and significantly more came from the skilled manual socioeconomic
      groups. The proportion of lone parent families was not significantly different
      from that in the overall sample.

PMID- 6447184
TI  - Localisation and characterization of acid mucopolysaccharides in the early chick
      blastoderm.
AB  - Acid mucopolysaccharides in the extracellular compartment of early chick
      blastoderms (16 h of incubation) were labelled with tritiated glucosamine and/or
      [35S]sulphate. The incorporation pattern was studied autoradiographically.
      Treatment with testicular hyaluronidase revealed a testicular hyaluronidase
      sensitive fraction, mainly at the periphery of Middle Layer and Deep Layer cells,
      and a testicular hyaluronidase-resistant fraction, mainly at the ventral side of
      the Upper Layer. A biochemical analysis, utilizing chondroitinase ABC and nitrous
      acid, followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, demonstrated the synthesis
      of a non-sulphated fraction, i.e. hyaluronic acid and/or chondroitin, and a
      sulphated fraction, comprising two undersulphated components, i.e. chondroitin
      sulphate, and heparan sulphate or heparin. The appearance of different AMPS in
      specific areas of the early chick blastoderm is regarded as an early
      specialization of the extracellular compartment.

PMID- 6447185
TI  - Compositional and structural heterogenicity of the cardiac jelly of the chick
      embryo tubular heart: a TEM, SEM and histochemical study.
AB  - The hearts of chick embryos of stages 9-13 were subjected to SEM, TEM and
      histochemical studies to ascertain possible regional differences in the structure
      and composition of the cardiac jelly. Two distinct regions, the cardiac jelly
      filling the space located between the myocardium and the endocardium (MECJ) and
      the cardiac jelly filling the dorsal mesocardium (EECJ), were distinguished by
      their structural and histochemical properties. MECJ is formed by amorphous and
      fibrillar material arranged between the endocardial and myocardial layer. The
      amount of its components increases when cetylpyridinium chloride is introduced
      into the fixative, and it appears intensely stained by ruthenium red and alcian
      blue at low concentrations of MgCl2. The amount and arrangement of its components
      increase during the beginning of the looping process of the heart tube. The EECJ
      is very rich in ruthenium-red-positive basal-lamina-like material and the
      addition of cetylpyridinium chloride to the fixative does not modify its
      appearance. It also appears poorly stained by alcian blue at low concentrations
      of MgCl2 and its arrangment undergoes modifications closely associated with the
      events of endocardial fusion. The possible significance of these results in the
      early morphogenesis of the heart is discussed.

PMID- 6447186
TI  - Suppression of antibody and T cell proliferative responses to L-glutamic acid60-L
      alanine30-L-tyrosine10 by a specific monoclonal T cell factor.
AB  - The synthetic terpolymer L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT)
      stimulates GAT-specific suppressor T cells in nonresponder mice. Extracts from
      these T cells contain a GAT-specific soluble T cell suppressor factor (GAT-TsF)
      that inhibits development of GAT-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses by
      spleen cells from nonresponder mice stimulated with GAT complexed to methylated
      bovine serum albumin (GAT-MBSA). These extracts also contain a factor that
      inhibits development of GAT-specific proliferative responses by GAT-MBSA-primed,
      nonresponder lymph node T cells. Experiments reported in this manuscript show
      that a hybrid T cell line, produced by fusion of the AKR thymoma, BW5147, with
      spleen cells that contain GAT-specific suppressor T cells, produces a
      constitutive GAT-specific suppresor factor that functionally and serologically
      resembles GAT-TsF extracted from T cells. More importantly, both GAT-specific PFC
      and T cell proliferative responses are inhibited by this factor.

PMID- 6447188
TI  - The modality effect and echoic persistence.
AB  - The modality effect refers to the higher level of recall of the last few items of
      a list when presentation is auditory as opposed to visual. It is usually
      attributed to echoic memory. The effect may be sharply reduced by an ostensibly
      irrelevant auditory item appended to the end of the list. Previous research
      suggests that this "suffix effect" arises only when the suffix item occurs within
      2 sec of the last list item. This finding strengthens the widely held assumption
      that echoic information decays within 2 sec, and has led to the assumption that
      if echoic information is to be useful in serial recall it must first be encoded
      into a more durable modality-independent form. Both assumptions conflict with the
      research reported here. The first two experiments demonstrate substantial suffix
      effects with suffix delays of 2 and 4 sec, indicating that echoic information
      lasts at least 4 sec. This finding implies that echoic information may aid recall
      directly, an implication that was supported in Experiments 3 and 4. In Experiment
      3 serial recall was interrupted with a brief distractor task. The modality effect
      was smaller when this task was auditory than when it was visual, suggesting that
      echoic information was still available immediately prior to recency recall. In
      Experiment 4 list presentation was broken by a 4-sec pause; the modalities of the
      list halves were combined factorially. Interest focused on the recency positions
      of the first half. A modality effect was found at these positions when the second
      half was visual but not when it was auditory. This is contrary to the hypothesis
      that echoic information is encoded before recall, but is consistent with the
      hypothesis that echoic information is encoded before recall, but is consistent
      with the alternative hypothesis that echoic information is used directly at
      recall. The final two experiments concern the modality effect found when a delay
      is interpolated between list presentation and recall. Experiment 5 showed that a
      20-sec silent copying task interpolated before free recall reduced visual recency
      more than auditory recency, and so enhanced the modality effect. This suggests
      that, contrary to prevailing opinion, the modality effect in delayed recall is
      not the result of a memory that is modality-independent. In Experiment 6 a
      modality effect found with serial recall after an unfilled interval of 18 sec was
      unaffected by visual distractor task, but almost eliminated by an auditory
      distractor task, given just prior to recall. It thus seems that the modality
      effect in delayed recall is the result of information persisting in echoic form
      until recall. It is concluded that echoic information can persist for many
      seconds and is used directly at the time of recall.

PMID- 6447187
TI  - Cells in bone marrow and in T cell colonies grown from bone marrow can suppress
      generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against their self antigens.
AB  - Both normal mouse bone marrow and cells from T cell-containing colonies grown in
      vitro from normal bone marrow contain cells which can specifically suppress the
      development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes capable of recognizing alloantigens on the
      bone marrow or colony cells. Suppression, as assessed by reduction in cytotoxic
      activity, is produced by adding bone marrow or colony cells to mixed lymphocyte
      reactions between lymph node responder cells and irradiated histoincompatible
      spleen stimulator cells. The cytotoxic activity is reduced if the added bone
      marrow or colony cells are syngeneic or semisyngeneic to the stimulator cells but
      not if they are allogeneic. Suppression results from a reduction in the number of
      cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor cells activated in the cultures. The suppressor
      cells in bone marrow are radiation sensitive and Thy-1 negative; those in
      colonies grown from bone marrow are radiation resistant and Thy-1 positive.

PMID- 6447189
TI  - Selection from visual persistence by perceptual groups and category membership.
AB  - Following Sperling, the nature of the representation of visual information during
      visual persistence has been investigated by comparing partial-report (PR) and
      whole-report (WR) estimates of available information. A PR superiority is
      considered evidence for the representation of the cued stimulus dimension in
      visual persistence. In general, PR cues based on a physical characteristic
      produce a PR superiority, but PR cues based on a category distinction give no
      higher estimates of available information than is obtained with WR. These
      findings have been used to support an interpretation of visual persistence based
      upon a storage system metaphor (e.g., iconic memory), whereby a critical
      characteristic of the stored information is its "literal" precategorical nature.
      The present experiments explored whether there are reasonable alternative
      explanations for the fact that only physical PR cues typical produced a PR
      superiority. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that the effectiveness of physical
      PR cues depends upon the "goodness' of the perceptual groups defined by the cued
      dimension. Perceptual grouping within multi-letter displays was varied according
      to the principles of proximity (Exp. 1) and similarity (Exp. 2), and the results
      showed greater PR superiorities when the demand characteristics of the cues were
      compatible with the implied perceptual groups in the displays. Experiments 3 and
      4 establish that PR cues based upon a category distinction (letter-digit) produce
      a PR superiority when both cue onset latency and cue uncertainty are equated
      across PR and WR conditions. Circular alphanumeric displays were used, and
      category PR cues and WR cues were either presented in separate trial blocks (Exp.
      3) or intermixed at two possible cue delays relative to display onset (-1000 msec
      or 0 msec). A PR superiority was found in all conditions. In addition, Experiment
      5 shows that the magnitude of this category PR superiority decreased
      systematically with increases in cue delay (-900 msec, -300 msec, +300 msec, and
      +900 msec), and in Experiment 6, it was found that the PR superiorities for both
      physical and category cues decrease at comparable rates with increased cue delay.
      Since perceptual grouping influences the effectiveness of physical PR cues and
      category PR cues produce a PR superiority under appropriate conditions, the
      results question the validity of interpretions of visual persistence that imply
      the existence of a literal, precategorical storage system. It is suggested that a
      multichannel view of the visual system provides a more adquate theoretical
      conceptualization of visual persistence.

PMID- 6447190
TI  - Ordinal properties of subjective ratios and differences: Comment on Veit.
AB  - Because nonmetric analyses of judged ratios and differences in sensory magnitude
      have yielded similar scales, some investigators have concluded that a single
      perceived relation underlies both judgment tasks. Issues rasied by this
      interpretation are considered in this article. Simulated data based on the
      assumption that subjects evaluate both perceived relations were computed for
      stimulus values used by Veit to investigate judgments of ratios and differences
      in grayness. A nonmetric analysis of both sets of simulated data in terms of a
      difference model yielded a solution such that each set of data was a weak
      monotonic transformation of the model's values, and the scale values were
      approximately linear with those obtained by Veit from empirical data. This result
      leaves open the question of whether one or two perceived relations underly the
      data. Ordinal properties of ratios and differences for a finite set are discussed
      together with their relation to systematic biases in psychophysical judgment
      tasks.

PMID- 6447191
TI  - Comparison of two theories of "ratio" and "difference" judgments.
AB  - This article examines the hypothesis that judges compare stimuli by ratio and
      subtractive operations when instructed to judge" "ratios" and "differences." Rule
      and Curtis hold that magnitude estimations are a power function of subjective
      values, with an exponent between 1.1 and 2.1. Accordingly, the two-operation
      model tested assumes magnitude estimations of "ratios" are a comparable power
      function of subjective ratios. In contrast, Birnbaum and Veit theorize that
      judges compare two stimuli by subraction for both "ratio" and "difference"
      instructions and that magnitude estimations of "ratios" are approximately an
      exponential function of subjective differences. Three tests were used to compare
      the theory of one operation with the two-operation theory for the data of nine
      experiments. The results strongly favor the theory that observers use the same
      operation for both instructions.

PMID- 6447192
TI  - Classification in well-defined and ill-defined categories: evidence for common
      processing strategies.
AB  - Early work in perceptual and conceptual categorization assumed that categories
      had criterial features and that category membership could be determined by
      logical rules for the combination of features. More recent theories have assumed
      that categories have an ill-defined structure and have prosposed probabilistic or
      global similarity models for the verification of category membership. In the
      experiments reported here, several models of categorization were compared, using
      one set of categories having criterial features and another set having an ill
      defined structure. Schematic faces were used as exemplars in both cases. Because
      many models depend on distance in a multidimensional space for their predictions,
      in Experiment 1 a multidimensional scaling study was performed using the faces of
      both sets as stimuli, In Experiment 2, subjects learned the category membership
      of faces for the categories having criterial features. After learning, reaction
      times for category verification and typicality judgments were obtained. Subjects
      also judged the similarity of pairs of faces. Since these categories had
      characteristic as well as defining features, it was possible to test the
      predictions of the feature comparison model (Smith et al.), which asserts that
      reaction times and typicalities are affected by characteristic features. Only
      weak support for this model was obtained. Instead, it appeared that subjects
      developed logical rules for the classification of faces. A characteristic feature
      affected reaction times only when it was part of the rule system devised by the
      subject. The procedure for Experiment 3 was like that for Experiment 2, but with
      ill-defined rather than well-defined categories. The obtained reaction times had
      high correlations with some of the models for ill-defined categories. However,
      subjects' performance could best be described as one of feature testing based on
      a logical rule system for classification. These experiments indicate that whether
      or not categories have criterial features, subjects attempt to develop a set of
      feature tests that allow for exemplar classification. Previous evidence
      supporting probabilistic or similarity models may be interpreted as resulting
      from subjects' use of the most efficient rules for classification and the
      averaging of responses for subjects using different sets of rules.

PMID- 6447193
TI  - Mental imagery and the third dimension.
AB  - What sort of medium underlies imagery for three-dimensional scenes? In the
      present investigation, the time subjects took to scan between objects in a mental
      image was used to infer the sorts of geometric information that images preserve.
      Subjects studied an open box in which five objects were suspended, and learned to
      imagine this display with their eyes closed. In the first experiment, subjects
      scanned by tracking an imaginary point moving in a straight line between the
      imagined objects. Scanning times increased linearly with increasing distance
      between objects in three dimensions. Therefore metric 3-D information must be
      preserved in images, and images cannot simply be 2-D "snapshots." In a second
      experiment, subjects scanned across the image by "sighting" objects through an
      imaginary rifle sight. Here scanning times were found to increase linearly with
      the two-dimensional separations between objects as they appeared from the
      original viewing angle. Therefore metric 2-D distance information in the original
      perspective view must be preserved in images, and images cannot simply be 3-D
      "scale-models" that are assessed from any and all directions at once. In a third
      experiment, subjects mentally rotated the display 90 degrees and scanned between
      objects as they appeared in this new perspective view by tracking an imaginary
      rifle signt, as before. Scanning times increased linearly with the two
      dimensional separations between objects as they would appear from the new
      relative viewing perspective. Therefore images can display metric 2-D distance
      information in a perspective view never actually experiences, so mental images
      cannot simply be "snapshot plus scale model" pairs. These results can be
      explained by a model in which the three-dimensional structure of objects is
      encoded in long-term memory in 3-D object-centered coordinate systems. When these
      objects are imagined, this information is then mapped onto a single 2-D "surface
      display" in which the perspective properties specific to a given viewing angle
      can be depicted. In a set of perceptual control experiments, subjects scanned a
      visible display by (a) simply moving their eyes from one object to another, (b)
      sweeping an imaginary rifle sight over the display, or (c) tracking an imaginary
      point moving from one object to another. Eye-movement times varied linearly with
      2-D interobject distance, as did time to scan with an imaginary rifle sight; time
      to tract a point varied independently with the 3-D and 2-D interobject distances.
      These results are compared with the analogous image scanning results to argue
      that imagery and perception share some representational structures but that
      mental image scanning is a process distinct from eye movements or eye-movement
      commands.

PMID- 6447194
TI  - Properties of pyruvate kinase and flagellar ATPase in rabbit spermatozoa:
      relation to metabolic strategy of the sperm cell.
AB  - Rabbit sperm pyruvate kinase remains bound to the cell structure of hypotonically
      treated mature rabbit epididymal spermatozoa (HTRES). It displays kinetic
      behavior very similar to that of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase with regard to KM
      values for substrates, activation by monovalent and divalent cations, inhibition
      by phenylalanine which is reversed by alanine, and lack of activation by fructose
      1,6-biphosphate. The flagellar ATPase also remains bound to the cell structure of
      HTRES, whose motility may be reactivated by a source of ATP. It requires Mg+2 for
      activity; the KM for both ATP and MG+2 is 0.2 mM, implying that MgATP is the
      substrate. The ATPase activity is not inhibited by ouabain, oligomycin, or
      vanadate, which also do not affect reconstituted motility, and is not affected by
      cyclic AMP in the presence of an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The activities
      of pyruvate kinase and the flagellar ATPase in a given preparation of HTRES are
      comparable. Rabbit spermatozoa have a metabolic strategy which is very similar to
      muscle cells. This suggests that the major use of the sperm cell's metabolic
      machinery is maintenance of energy for the contractile work of motility and that
      only minor amounts of metabolic energy appear to be consumed in other reactions,
      including those involved in fertilization.

PMID- 6447195
TI  - Genetic markers in semen. III: Alteration of phosphoglucomutase isozyme patterns
      in semen contaminated with saliva.
AB  - Contamination of semen by saliva can result in the alteration of seminal
      phosphoglucomutase (PGM1)  isozyme patterns. The alteration is characterized by
      the gradual loss of the a and b isozyme bands the concomitant generation of
      anodal bands; eventually, all PGM activity is lost. The conversion of PGM isozyme
      patterns has been shown to be due to a dialyzable heat-labile factor in saliva
      and a nondialyzable heat-labile factor in semen. The implications of this
      conversion for PGM typing in sexual assault evidence are discussed.

PMID- 6447196
TI  - Myocardial visualization on a perfusion lung scan.
AB  - Myocardial activity was noted on a lung scan performed following the i.v.
      administration of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin. The patient had primary
      pulmonary hypertension with a right-to-left shunt through a functionally patent
      foramen ovale.

PMID- 6447197
TI  - Incidence of low back pain and pre-placement x-ray screening.
AB  - The primary purpose of pre-placement back x-ray screening is to reduce the
      incidence of low back problems. This study was designed to address the specific
      question of whether or not this objective is achieved, without directly looking
      at the predictive value of radiological abnormalities of the lumbar spine. Two
      retrospective cohorts of steelworkers were identified: one group hired before,
      and one after, introduction of back x-rays into an otherwise identical pre
      placement medical examination. The two cohorts were stratified by age and work
      activity, and by use of a modified life table method were followed for 12 years.
      All health incidents, modified work, lost time, or permanent job changes were
      noted. Analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between cohorts
      for the parameters studied. The inclusion of low back x-ray screening into a
      comprehensive pre-placement medical examination had no significant effect on the
      subsequent incidence of low back pain in the cohort of steelworkers studied.

PMID- 6447198
TI  - The cigarette factor in lung cancer due to chloromethyl ethers.
AB  - In a prospective study of 51 men who had moderate to heavy cumulative exposure to
      chloromethyl ethers, 11 developed lung cancer in a ten-year perod. The risk was
      higher in men who were not smoking cigarettes at the start of observation than in
      those who were. This difference was even more impressive when examined in
      relation to the risks of lung cancer by smoking habit in the general population.
      The data suggest that continued cigarette smoking entailed a factor which
      partially inhibited the carcinogenic effect of chloromethyl ethers.

PMID- 6447199
TI  - Mortality experience of employees exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      (TCDD).
AB  - This study describes the mortality experience of a cohort of 61 males involved in
      a 1964 chloracne incident. Presumably as a result of skin absorption of the
      process contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin), 49 of
      these trichlorophenol production workers developed the skin condition. Within the
      limitations posed by cohort size and length of follow-up, TCDD does not appear to
      have adversely affected mortality experience. Overall, four deaths occurred and
      7.8 were expected. Of these, one death was due to cardiovascular disease (3.8
      expected) and three deaths were attributed to cancer (1.6 expected). None of the
      findings were statistically significant at alpha = 0.05. Further follow-up is
      contemplated.

PMID- 6447200
TI  - Nurse/health counseling model for a successful alcoholism assistance program.
AB  - International Harvester Company had developed a unique program utilizing the
      occupational health nurse as a nurse/health counselor for a corporate alcoholism
      assistance program. As a result of this program, absenteeism, disability and
      medical payments, and hospitalizations in a group of 342 employees have
      significantly declined.

PMID- 6447201
TI  - Microporosity in bis-glycidyl methacrylate films.
AB  - The existence of hitherto unsuspected micropores in fissure sealant films (bis
      glycidyl methacrylate resin films) has been demonstrated by means of scanning
      electron microscopy. Immersion of specimens in various ionic solutions showed
      that the defects in the surface of the resin film tended to become filled with
      the passage of time.

PMID- 6447202
TI  - Use of impromidine to define specific histamine H-2 effects on gastric secretion,
      heart rate and blood pressure in conscious dogs.
AB  - Histamine H-2 receptor-mediated effects of the very selective H-2 agonist (H-1:H
      2 < 1:1000) impromidine on gastric acid, chloride and pepsin secretion and on
      heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure were compared to those of histamine
      in five conscious gastric fistula dogs. In each dog, impromidine in a step-dose
      response (0.46 to 46 nmol/kg.hr) in 45-min steps was given without and with a
      background infusion of cimetidine (2 mumol/kg.hr). Histamine acid phosphate was
      given in a seven step-dose response (18 to 1350 nmol/kg. hr). Impromidine
      produced the same maximum stimulation of gastric HCI output, increase of HR and
      fall in systolic blood pressure as histamine. Impromidine was some 38 times more
      potent than histamine in stimulation of acid (ED50 3.8 vs. 145 nmol/kg.hr) and 30
      times more potent in raising HR (ED50 5.6 vs. 172 nmol/kg.hr). Cimetidine
      competitively inhibited the effects of impromidine with similar pA2 values for
      each effect (acid, 5.99; chloride, 6.03; change in HR, 6.03; and change in
      systolic blood pressure, 6.32). The effects of impromidine on pepsin secretion
      were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those of histamine and other H-2
      agonists with weak stimulation at low doses and progressive inhibition with
      increasing doses of impromidine. Coupling the results with the known high
      specificity of impromidine, gastric acid secretion, chronotropism and hypotension
      all seem to be purely H-2-mediated effects of histamine in the intact conscious
      dog.

PMID- 6447203
TI  - Effects of adrenochrome on calcium accumulating and adenosine triphosphatase
      activities of the rat heart microsomes.
AB  - The influence of adrenochrome (1-100 microgram/ml or 5.6 x 10(-6)-5.4 x 10(-4) M)
      on microsomal calcium binding, calcium uptake and Ca++-stimulated Mg++-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities was studied in vitro. Adrenochrome
      decreased microsomal calcium binding, calcium uptake and Ca++-stimulated Mg++
      dependent ATPase activities. The inhibitory effect of adrenochrome on microsomal
      calcium uptake activity of the isolated membrane was independent of pH (6.0-8.0),
      calcium concentrations (10-200 muM), protein concentration (0.02-0.10 mg/ml),
      temperature (25-37 degrees C) and incubation time (2-30 min). Kinetic study of
      calcium uptake activity in different concentrations of ATP showed that the
      inhibition was of a mixed type. Perfusion  of hearts with adrenochrome resulted
      in marked depression in contractile force and the microsomal fraction obtained
      from these hearts showed depressed calcium binding, calcium uptake and Ca++
      stimulated Mg++-dependent ATPase activities. The depression in microsomal The
      influence of adrenochrome (1-100 microgram/ml or 5.6 x 10(-6)-an irreversible
      nature. It is proposed that cardiodepressant action of adrenochrome may partly be
      explained on the basis of its inhibitory effect on the calcium transporting
      ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6447204
TI  - A simple headrest for patients confined to wheelchairs.
AB  - A simple headrest technique for the patient confined to a wheelchair has been
      presented. This technique requires no custom made equipment, allows multiple
      positions for the headrest, positions the patient near the dental unit and light,
      and affords fast simple application. Alternative methods to this technique have
      been presented by Kilfoil and Popovitch and others.

PMID- 6447205
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy: the laparoscope as a diagnostic aid.

PMID- 6447206
TI  - CRP: an immunoregulatory protein.

PMID- 6447207
TI  - Cardiac abnormalities associated with rheumatoid arthritis: aortic insufficiency
      requiring valve replacement.
AB  - The seventh patient with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing successful aortic valve
      replacement and the first to receive a porcine heterograft is reported. The
      implications of rheumatoid heart disease are discussed.

PMID- 6447208
TI  - Disability and accessibility: a look at shopping facilities.

PMID- 6447209
TI  - The legal and illegal use of reserved-for-handicapped parking spaces.

PMID- 6447210
TI  - Fluorinated pyrimidine nucleosides. 4. Synthesis and antitumor testing of a
      series of 2',5'-dideoxy- and 2',3',5'-trideoxynucleosides of 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Dideoxy- and trideoxynucleosides of 5-fluorouracil have been synthesized for
      antitumor evaluation. 2',5'-Dideoxy-5-fluorouridine (3) was prepared from 2'
      deoxy-5-fluorouridine (1) by iodination using methyltriphenoxyphosponium iodide,
      followed by catalytic reduction. 1-(2',5'-Dideoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)5
      fluorouracil (4) was prepared from 3 by mesylation, followed by alkaline
      hydrolysis. 2',3',5'-Trideoxy-5-fluorouridine (13), a methyl homologue of
      Ftorafur (17), was synthesized by two routes: Treatment of the 3'-mesylate 8 with
      potassium tert-butoxide yielded the 2',3'-unsaturated derivative 12, which on
      hydrogenation yielded 13. Alternatively, treatment of 1 with a large excess of
      methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide produced several products, including two 3'
      epimeric diiodo compounds (14 and 15), each of which could be hydrogenated to 13.
      The major product from this iodination reaction was characterized 3-(2',3'
      anhydro-2',5'-dideoxy-5'-iodo-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil (5),
      presumably produced by rearrangement of the corresponding 1-isomer 9. The dideoxy
      compounds 3 and 4, as well as the trideoxy compound 13, were tested against
      sarcoma 180 in mice in comparison with 5-flourouracil, FUDR (1), and Ftorafur
      (17).

PMID- 6447211
TI  - Huntington's disease in two New Britain families.
AB  - In East New Britain, Papua New Guinea, two Melanesian families were studied in
      which the typical features of Hungtington's disease were observed in clinically
      affected members. Mendelian autosomal dominant inheritance was indicated by the
      respective family trees.

PMID- 6447212
TI  - The estimation of the ventricular function by means of peak aortic flow velocity
      diastolic aortic pressure relationship.
AB  - Responses of the left ventricle to changes in afterload were tested in 11 open
      chest dogs of which left atrial pressure was controlled arbitrarily. Maximal left
      ventricular dP/dt remained unchanged statistically against changes in afterload
      when left atrial pressure was kept constant, while it was changed with alteration
      of preload and by deterioration of left ventricular contractility induced by
      coronary ligation. Peak aortic flow velocity showed negative linear relationship
      against diastolic aortic pressure when left atrial pressure and left ventricular
      contractility were constant. This linear relation shifted downwards not only by
      reduction of contractility but also by lowering preload. Stroke volume also
      showed similar relationship, but abrupt decrease in stroke volume in higher range
      of aortic pressure. Effects of extracardiac factors on stroke volume which was
      ejected by constant ventricular contractility were considered to be complex. Peak
      aoratic flow velocity at 50 mmHg of aortic distolic pressure under the constant
      state of preload could be one of the indexes of ventricular function.

PMID- 6447213
TI  - A case of the Kugelberg-Welander syndrome complicated with cardiac lesions.
AB  - There have been a few reports of cardiac involvement in the Kugelberg-Welander
      syndrome. We presented a case of this syndrome complicated with cardiomegaly and
      conduction disturbance. The patient, a 21-year-old woman, had atrial standstill
      and A-V junctional rhythm. The chest X-ray film showed marked cardiomegaly. The
      His bundle electrogram revealed that H-V interval was 40 msec. She was treated
      with implantation of cardiac pacemaker.

PMID- 6447214
TI  - 1, 9, and 16 C-band heteromorphisms in parents of Down's syndrome patients:
      distribution and etiological significance.

PMID- 6447215
TI  - [Body mechanics and the treatment of backache].

PMID- 6447216
TI  - [Life of a handicapped person. 4. An alcoholic as a neighbor].

PMID- 6447217
TI  - Indomethacin-induced, monocyte-dependent restoration of local graft-versus-host
      reaction among cells from cancer patients.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 of 17 cancer patients known to have a
      negative local graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction (T-cell function deficiency) were
      pharmacologically immunorestored by treatment with indomethacin. The restorative
      effect of the indomethacin was exerted directly on nonadherent lymphocytes. This
      process of desuppression required for its completion the presence of glass
      adherent monocytes. The immune restorative effect of indomethacin in terms of
      local GVH reaction did not appear to be mediated by inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthesis. Pharmacologic immune restoration may be an important therapeutic
      modality in cancer patients.

PMID- 6447218
TI  - [Organization and development paths of the cardiology service in the Belorussian
      SSR].
AB  - Data providing evidence of a developed cardiological service in the Byelorussian
      SSR are presented. Besides the establishment of a network of in- and out-patient
      institutions, mass epidemiological study of the population has been started and
      rehabilitation centers for patients who had recovered from myocardial infarction
      were created. Ways for the further development of cardiological science in the
      republic and the prospects of widening the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
      are discussed.

PMID- 6447219
TI  - [Organization of the control of cardiovascular diseases in the Kirghiz SSR].

PMID- 6447220
TI  - [Work experience of a cardiology center with remote and automatic patient
      observation].
AB  - The author describes the experience of a cardiological remote consultation
      diagnostic center which carries out 212 961 consultations with remote ECG
      recording in 1972--1978. The center is equipped with a telemetric apparatus
      constructed by the author jointly with engineers, which makes it possible to
      record the ECG by telephone and radio. The centre also has an automatic system
      intended for the observation of patients with acute myocardial infarction in
      intensive therapy wards. The electrocardiographic shifts, skin temperature,
      myocardial contractility, and arterial pressure of the patients are kept under
      continuous observation by means of electronic computers.

PMID- 6447221
TI  - [Patholphysiological aspects of hyperbaric oxygenation exposure on the heart in
      compensatory hypertrophy].
AB  - Chronic interrupted effect of hyperbaric oxygenation applied for 4 weeks reduces
      the rate of the development of myocardial hypertrophy in rabbits and is thus
      conducive to stabilization of myocardial contractile function on a sufficiently
      high level and increases the reliability of the circulation system in emergency
      situations. In the dangerous stage of compensatory cardiac hyperfunctions,
      hyperbaric oxygenation protects the myocardium from destructive changes and
      activates bionergetic processes, whereas in the stage of marked hypertrophy it
      inhibits the development of cardiosclerosis. Hyperbaric oxygenation prevents the
      development of functional isolation of the hypertrophied myocardium from the
      neurohormonal effects and contributes to the preservation of the reserve capacity
      of the neuroeffector mechanisms of heart regulations.

PMID- 6447222
TI  - Tubulointerstitial immune complex nephritis in rats immunized with Tamm-Horsfall
      protein.
AB  - Rats immunized with Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH) developed autoantibodies to TH and
      tubulointerstitial nephritis with granular deposits of IgG, C3, and TH at the
      base of tubular cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and selective
      infiltration of leukocytes around this distal nephron segment. Selective IgG
      deposition at the base of cells in the tubular segment containing TH and the
      direct relationships of the amount of immune deposits and the severity of
      histologic lesions to serum levels of anti-TH antibodies suggest a pathogenetic
      role for the autoantibodies to TH. The immune deposits in this model of
      tubulointerstitial nephritis appear to be the consequence of in situ formation of
      immune complexes. This mechanism involves the diffusion of circulating antibodies
      to TH across tubular basement membranes and their combination with TH molecules
      associated with tubular cell surface membranes.

PMID- 6447223
TI  - In situ formation of subepithelial glomerular immune complexes in passive serum
      sickness.
AB  - Epimembranous glomerular deposition of circulating immune complexes in considered
      to be the pathogenesis of immune complex glomerulonephritis, based on experiments
      in serum sickness glomerulopathy. A subepithelial localization of immune
      aggregates, however, was never obtained after the intravenous injection of
      preformed immune complexes. Recent studies on heterologous immune complex
      glomerulonephritis provide evidence of in situ formation of subepithelial
      glomerular immune complex aggregates as a second pathogenetic mechanism. We
      investigated the existence of a comparable mechanism in a serum sickness model of
      glomerulonephritis. A passive immune complex glomerulopathy involving
      lysozyme/antilysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)/anti-BSA was used to
      investigate this thesis. Alternating perfusion of a kidney with antigen and
      antibody resulted in a granular deposition of both components along the
      glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The deposits of immune aggregates were
      localized exclusively along the epithelial side of the GBM and were still present
      3 days after the perfusion. Control perfusions with preformed immune complexes or
      with either BSA or anti-BSA alone did not result in subepithelial deposition.
      Conclusion. The alternating excess of antigen and antibody in the circulation
      might result in in situ formation of immune complexes localized at the epithelial
      side of the GBM.

PMID- 6447224
TI  - [Surgical correction of large ventral hernias in developmental defects of the
      abdominal wall in children].

PMID- 6447226
TI  - [Repeated laparoscopy in closed abdominal trauma].

PMID- 6447225
TI  - [Biologically active suture material as a means for prevention of disturbed wound
      healing (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6447227
TI  - [Effect of phytohemagglutinin on the regenerative processes].

PMID- 6447228
TI  - [Electromyography of the anterior abdominal wall in children with acute
      appendicitis].

PMID- 6447229
TI  - [Surgical and endoscopic local hypothermia of the pancreas].

PMID- 6447231
TI  - Comparative analysis of clinical features between acute myocarditis and chronic
      myocarditis including postmyocarditic cardiomegaly.

PMID- 6447232
TI  - [Treatment results in esophageal cancer].

PMID- 6447233
TI  - Epithelia cell foot process width in intact and uninephrectomized diabetic and
      nondiabetic rats.

PMID- 6447234
TI  - Assessment of hypothermic, cardioplegic protection of the global ischemic canine
      myocardium.

PMID- 6447230
TI  - Pathopysiological aspects of immune complex diseases. Part II. Phagocytosis,
      exocytosis, and pathogenic depositions.
AB  - Elimination of IC by the phagocytic system occurs mainly by macrophages and
      contrarotates to the pathogenic effect. Decisive to prevent systemic IC disease
      is the capacity of the phagocytic system. In the case of its saturation, the
      danger of the occurrence of IC disease is greatly enhanced. Conclusive evidence
      seems to exist that IC of extremely small or extremely high lattice structure
      (precipitates) are less pathogenic than soluble IC of medium network. Small IC in
      extreme antigen and antibody excess or precipitates exhibit a reduced complement
      activating potency. Small IC in extreme antigen or antibody excess hardly
      interact in vitro with membrane receptors and do not induce IC disease when
      injected or formed in vivo. Highly lattices IC, especially precipitates, are
      eliminated extremely quickly from the circulation, mainly by macrophages and
      there deposition in the kidney is significantly reduced. Thus, lack of quality of
      the antibody to precipitate the antigen and a reduced capacity and effectivity of
      the phagocytic system to eliminate the IC may be extremely important in the
      generation of IC diseases. Facing the overwhelming and partly even inconsistant
      data of this topic, one may doubt whether IC diseases may be regarded to be a
      defined and coherent disease. Too many variables and questions exist concerning
      the nature of the antigen, especially in tumor and autoimmune diseases,
      concerning the quality of the antibody and the characteristics of the pathogenic
      IC and concerning localization and the elimination process. Nevertheless, common
      pathophysiological pathways of IC diseases may be recognized.

PMID- 6447235
TI  - [Nasal hypersecretion treated with ipratropium].

PMID- 6447236
TI  - [Alloplastic tracheal prosthesis with biocarbone. A study of animal experiments
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Animal experiments have shown bicarbone to be a suitable material for alloplastic
      tracheal replacement. So far survival rates have been limited by connective
      tissue stenoses and by loosening prostheses. Although the transplants are not
      lined by bronchial mucosa, the movement of secretions is not seriously impaired
      due to the smooth surface. It is still a matter of speculation as to whether
      modifying the suture technique with a more elastic transistion from the trachea
      to the prosthesis would produce better results.

PMID- 6447237
TI  - [Left ventricular hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram in a prospective
      population study (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447238
TI  - [Work organization of a ward for premature infants].

PMID- 6447239
TI  - The presence of HLA-B27 may be misleading.

PMID- 6447240
TI  - The enlarged heart-II. Dilated-type cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6447241
TI  - The aching back. The history and physical examination.

PMID- 6447242
TI  - ["Krasnogvardeets" in World War II].

PMID- 6447243
TI  - [Experience of the work of the P.V. Gusenkov Mozhaisk Medical Instrumentation
      Plant in improving the quality of manufacturing production].
AB  - The measures are presented that permitted considerable improvement of the quality
      of the Mozhaiski plant production, and introducing the system for nondefective
      production manufacturing and for nondefective labour.

PMID- 6447244
TI  - Education of pre-school handicapped children.

PMID- 6447245
TI  - Presymptomatic detection of Huntington's disease.
AB  - Because of the usually late onset of Huntington's disease (HD) most sufferers
      have reproduced and passed the HD gene to about one half of their offspring
      before they themselves develop symptoms of the disease. Genetic counseling of
      persons at risk of HD would be greatly facilitated if the gene could be detected
      presymptomatically. At present, there is no suitable predictive test for HD, but
      many approaches currently being investigated show some promise. These approaches
      are reviewed and critically evaluated.

PMID- 6447246
TI  - [Proof of and clinical significance of circulating immune complexes].

PMID- 6447247
TI  - Induction of suppressor cells in mice following Vaccinia virus infection.
AB  - Infection of mice with Vaccinia virus produced suppression of responsiveness of
      spleen cells to mitogens in vitro and suppression of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity in vivo. The latter suppression was transferred to normal mice
      by spleen cells of virus-infected mice. The data presented show that Vaccinia
      virus-induced immunosuppression involves the induction of suppressor cells which
      belong to both the adherent and non-adherent cell fractions.

PMID- 6447248
TI  - Plantain leaf for poison ivy.

PMID- 6447249
TI  - The macrophage as an effector cell.

PMID- 6447250
TI  - Inhibition of suppressor T-cell development following deoxyguanosine
      administration.
AB  - The expression of immunodeficiency in patients with specific purine enzyme
      defects indicates a crucial role of the purine salvage pathway in the acquisition
      and expression of normal immune function. One current hypothesis links the
      failure of normal lymphocyte development in these diseases to the accumulation of
      deoxynucleotide triphosphates. In our studies of human in vitro IgM responses, we
      observed that antigen-induced T-suppressor cell activity was abrogated in the
      presence of micromolar concentrations of deoxyguanosine (dGuo). In contrast, more
      than 1,000-fold higher resistance to dGuo was found for both noin-proliferative T
      helper cell activity and the differentiation and proliferation of the precursor B
      lymphocytes for direct haemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC). To determine
      whether these observations could have in vivo relevance, we monitored the
      generation of murine T-suppressor cells, capable of abrogating a primary IgM
      response. It was found that dGuo (but not guanosine) selectively inhibited the in
      vivo development of T-suppressor cells.

PMID- 6447251
TI  - Alloactivated Lyt 1 +2- T lymphoblasts bind syngeneic Ia antigens.

PMID- 6447252
TI  - Is resistance of a muscle to fatigue controlled by its motoneurones?
AB  - The original experiment of Buller et al. and the many subsequent confirmatory
      reports clearly show that the time-to-peak tension and many other speed-related
      parameters of slow and fast muscle fibres are dictated by the motoneurone. It has
      been concluded that the motoneurone exerts this control of the physiological and
      associated biochemical properties by the frequency at which it excites the muscle
      fibre. However, no studies have been reported on the fatigue properties and the
      associated biochemical characteristics after cross-reinnervation. Based on the
      'size principle' of motoneurones, it would be reasonable to assume that a muscle
      fibre reinnervated by a small motoneurone would be active often and that this
      would be manifested biochemically as an elevated oxidative capacity. Also, it has
      been shown repeatedly that the mitochondrial content of a muscle fibre can be
      modified by daily endurance type exercise. Thus, it would seem that the
      motoneurone at least indirectly also controls the mitochondrial content of a
      muscle fibre by controlling the degree of activity. We have now tested this
      hypothesis using self- and cross-reinnervated muscles in cats. We found that fast
      and slow-twitch muscles retained their characteristic fatigue resistance
      properties regardless of whether the nerve to which they had become connected had
      originally innervated a fatigue-resistant or relatively fatiguable muscle.

PMID- 6447253
TI  - Repressor represses cro represses repressor represses cro.

PMID- 6447254
TI  - Surface activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kinin formation.
AB  - The activation of plasma prekallikrein by single-chain factor XII has been
      studied in the presence of high molecular weight kininogen and kaolin. The data
      indicate that factor XII can initiate blood coagulation, fibrinolysis or kinin
      generation in the presence of kaolin and does so by converting prekallikrein to
      kallikrein. An enzyme cascade is then generated leading to the formation of
      fibrin, plasmin or bradykinin in three closely related physiological events.

PMID- 6447255
TI  - Precursor complement protein (pro-C4) is converted in vitro to native C4 by
      plasmin.

PMID- 6447256
TI  - Suppression of in vitro lymphocyte reactivity by cyclosporin A: existence of a
      population of drug-resistant cytotoxic lymphocytes.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CS-A) is an unusual endecapeptide isolated from the fungi
      Cylindrocarpon lucidum Booth and Trichoderma polysporum. It is a potent
      immunosuppressive drug that prevents rejection of kidney and heart allografts
      whilst having a low myelotoxicity. Its mode of action is still unclear but its
      main target appears to be the T lymphocyte. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)
      and cell-mediated lymphocytoxicity (CML) used here are generally regarded as in
      vitro correlates of allograft rejection. Our data show that CS-A is a powerful
      inhibitor of MLR reactivity, regardless of whether the cells were obtained from
      normal or presensitized donors; that the CML of lymph node cells is likewise
      totally inhibited if the drug is added early during cell culture; and that, by
      contrast, the cytotoxic response of spleen cells from presensitized but not from
      normal mice is only partially inhibited, even with a tenfold increase in dose. It
      is therefore suggested that there exists a population of cytotoxic spleen cells
      that is relatively resistant to the action of this drug.

PMID- 6447257
TI  - Synaptic linkage of masseter muscle afferents to masseteric motoneurones in the
      cat.

PMID- 6447258
TI  - Penicillin resistant gonorrhea: case reports.

PMID- 6447259
TI  - [Semiological value of the electrocardiogram in pheochromocytoma].
AB  - ECG abnormalities of various types and extent were noted in subjects with
      pheochromocytoma. In the majority of cases, they regressed after surgical
      resection of the tumour. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed in
      the light of the functional and organic cardiac and vascular alterations induced
      by the abnormal increase in catecholamines. Reference is also made to the
      literature in support of the diagnostic and prognostic soundness of ECG with
      regard to both pheochromocytoma and any heart involvement it may cause.

PMID- 6447260
TI  - Ruptured aneurysm of profunda femoris; complications successfully treated by
      cross-over femoropopliteal bypass with double velour Dacron.

PMID- 6447261
TI  - Solving an occupational dermatitis puzzle.

PMID- 6447262
TI  - [Moldavian microsurgical threads made of a special, pure natural silk].

PMID- 6447263
TI  - [Characteristics of child mortality from injuries and its prevention in a large
      city].

PMID- 6447264
TI  - [Analysis of lethality in children from isolated, multiple and combined
      injuries].

PMID- 6447265
TI  - A statistical analysis of percutaneous radiofrequency lesions in the treatment of
      chronic low back pain and sciatica.
AB  - A statistical analysis of 61 consecutive patients who underwent facet denervation
      for chronic low back pain and sciatica showed that the average patient improved
      with lower pain estimates and use of narcotics, while activity levels increased.
      At 1-2 year follow-up there was a trend for patients to report an increase in
      their pain estimate although they maintained consistently high acativity levels
      and low analgesic intake.

PMID- 6447266
TI  - [Black Sea mollusc, Cerithium vulgatum (Gastropoda, Cerithiidae), a new
      intermediate trematode host].
AB  - The mollusc Cerithium vulgatum was first recorded as a new intermediate host of
      trematodes from the Black Sea. Two species of cercariae (Cercaria I and Ceracaria
      II) parasitizing this mollusc were found and described. The general infestation
      of molluscs was 7.54 per cent. Eight species of larval trematodes parasitzing 7
      other species of sea molluscs were found.

PMID- 6447267
TI  - [Immunostimulation in the treatment of children with hemophilia].

PMID- 6447268
TI  - ["E" and "EAC" rosette tests of peripheral blood in children with Down's
      syndrome].

PMID- 6447269
TI  - Comparison of the effects of inhaled SCH 1000 and fenoterol on exercise-induced
      bronchospasm in children.
AB  - The effect of 40 microgram of SCH 1000 (ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic
      agent) on bronchodilation and suppression of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB)
      was compared with 400 microgram of fenoterol and a placebo in a single-blind
      controlled study. Twenty-seven randomly selected asthmatic children performed a
      standardized treadmill exercise challenge and the 17 children who were shown to
      have EIB continued in the study. Pulmonary function was evaluated before and
      after drug administration and exercise. When individual results were analyzed and
      grouped according to the responsiveness of EIB to the drugs, two patterns
      emerged: (1) the EIB was more severe in those (6/17) children who did not respond
      to either drug than in the rest of children; (2) the resting pulmonary function
      was significantly better in the children (4/17) who responded to both drugs than
      in those (7/17) who responded to fenoterol alone. In conclusion SCH 1000 was
      shown to be an effective bronchodilator comparable to, but no better than,
      fenoterol. It had minimal side effects. As an EIB inhibitor it depended on
      relatively normal base line pulmonary function and only a moderate deterioration
      following exercise, whereas fenoterol depended on the exercise response alone.
      Although anticholinergic drugs are not very extensively used, SCH 1000 may be
      useful in some patients where the beta 2 adrenergic drugs cause signficant side
      effects or are contraindicated.

PMID- 6447270
TI  - Laparoscopy in children.
AB  - Laparoscopy has been performed in 120 infants and children for a variety of
      indications including chronic abdominal pain, debatable appendicitis, liver
      biopsy, biliary atresia, and abdominal trauma. A specific diagnosis was made in
      71% of patients and 59% were spared laparotomy. There were one complication and
      four errors in interpretation (3.3%). Laparoscopy represents a considerable
      advantage over laparotomy in the diagnosis and management of a number of
      pediatric disorders and deserves wider application.

PMID- 6447271
TI  - Neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: massive outbreak due to an unusual
      phage type.
AB  - A massive outbreak of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome due to an organism
      with an unusual phage pattern, occurred during a 115-day period and involved 68
      newborns. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in 24 babies, and
      Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 23. Fourteen isolates were phage typed,
      with 13 reported as the epidemic strain 29/79/80/3A/3C/54/75. Eight babies had
      generalized scarlatiniform eruption without exfoliation (staphylococcal scarlet
      fever). Cultural data were available from six, all positive for S aureus. Four
      organisms were typed and reported as the epidemic strain. Of 34 infants with
      bullous impetigo 20 had cultures that were positive for S aureus, and four were
      phage typed, revealing the epidemic strain. Illness was mild in all patients;
      there were no deaths and no invasive forms of staphylococcal infection. The male
      to female ratio of generalized exfoliative disease was 5:1. The concept of a
      neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, comprised of a triad of skin
      disorders induced by an exotoxin elaborated by certain strains of coagulase
      positive S aureus, is confirmed.

PMID- 6447272
TI  - Management of a potentially harmful health behavior by clinical trial.
AB  - A parent had been giving mega-doses of vitamin E to an 8-year-old child with 21-D
      trisomy for five years in the firmly rooted belief that this therapy was
      responsible for the child's freedom from constant symptoms of systemic and
      respiratory infection. The design of an unbiased double-blind clinical trial
      permitted the parent to reach, on her own, the face-saving conclusion that
      continuation of this therapy was no longer necessary. Applications of this
      approach and the underlying nonjudgmental attitude to other potentially harmful
      health behaviors and practices are discussed.

PMID- 6447273
TI  - [Aspects of sex maturation in girls].

PMID- 6447274
TI  - [Changes in the erythrocyte adenylic system indices in congenital hypothyroidism
      in children].

PMID- 6447275
TI  - [Sex maturation in girls of various constitutional types].

PMID- 6447277
TI  - [Pubo-abdominal pathology in the athlete. Value of bone scintigraphy with
      technetium 99m labelled methylene diphosphonate].

PMID- 6447276
TI  - Critical firing level of gastrocnemius-soleus motoneurons showing a prolonged
      discharge following vibration of the homonymous muscles.

PMID- 6447278
TI  - Moving the disabled patient.

PMID- 6447279
TI  - Measurement and assessment techniques for WC and bath aids for the disabled. A
      survey carried out by the Institute for Consumer Ergonomics in Loughborough.

PMID- 6447280
TI  - Disability without handicap: independence and individuality.

PMID- 6447281
TI  - Disability without handicap: finding out ... and trying out.

PMID- 6447282
TI  - Disability without handicap: sexuality and the disabled woman.

PMID- 6447283
TI  - Disability without handicap.

PMID- 6447284
TI  - Disability without handicap: 'Mummy, you're hurting my hand again!'.

PMID- 6447285
TI  - Disability without handicap: Possum.

PMID- 6447286
TI  - Play and profoundly handicapped children.

PMID- 6447287
TI  - Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Mind over body.

PMID- 6447288
TI  - [Adverse effects of topical steroid preparations].

PMID- 6447289
TI  - [Glomerular basement membrane antibodies and immune complexes in a patient with
      Goodpasture's syndrome].

PMID- 6447290
TI  - [Diagnostic value of preoperative laparoscopy in detection of neoplastic
      changes].

PMID- 6447291
TI  - Congenitally handicapped children and their families: early crisis intervention.

PMID- 6447292
TI  - [Experience in organizing the treatment of tuberculosis patients suffering from
      alcoholism].

PMID- 6447293
TI  - [Frequency and causes of lethality in tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 6447294
TI  - [Health services for the handicapped and their families].

PMID- 6447295
TI  - Huntington's disease: membrane abnormalities and protein glycosylation.

PMID- 6447296
TI  - Neuropsychiatric implications of drugs acting on dopamine receptors: the effect
      of apomorphine.

PMID- 6447297
TI  - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on defecation in open-field behavior in rats.
AB  - An attempt was made to elucidate the role of the serotonergic nervous sytem in
      defecation resulting from environmental stimulation in rats. The open-field (OF)
      test and shuttle box method were used to study the defecation. 5
      Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) significantly decreased the number of fecal boluses
      excreted in both emotional situations, namely, in both OF and shuttle box. The
      fecal excretion was significantly reduced compared with the controls after
      intraventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Animals pretreated with
      p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) tended to show
      a slight increase in the OF defecation. 5-HTP was equally effective in
      diminishing the OF performance of pCPA-treated rats. The inhibitory effects of 5
      HTP on the defecation were also observed after depletion of biogenic amines by
      reserpine treatment. Home cage defecation was increased after 5-HTP
      administration, decreased under pretreatment with pCPA and not influenced by
      intraventricular injection of  5-HTP. These results suggested that the defecation
      after environmental stimuli was due to a change in 5-HT levels in the brain.

PMID- 6447298
TI  - Effects of cinanserin and p-chlorophenylalanine and their interaction with d
      amphetamine on DRL performance in rats.

PMID- 6447299
TI  - Serotoninergic mechanisms of beta-endorphin- and clonidine-induced analgesia in
      rats.
AB  - Both beta-endorphin and clonidine proved to have statistically significant
      analgesic activity (increase in latency to hind-paw lick in hot plate test) in
      rats. Furthermore, the pain inhibition induced by beta-endorphin and clonidine
      could be antagonized by prior treatment of animals with either naloxone (a
      narcotic antagonist) or the depletors of central serotonin pathways such as 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and p-chlorophenylalanine have not
      effect on latency to hind-paw lick. The data indicate that serotoninergic
      activity in the brain plays a role in the elaboration or modulation of beta
      endorphin and clonidine analgesia in rats.

PMID- 6447300
TI  - The electrocorticographic pattern of generalized seizures in rats during
      ontogenesis.

PMID- 6447301
TI  - Specific characteristics of sympathetic fibres innervating the heart of young
      rats.
AB  - The noradrenaline content of the heart of albino rats was determined
      spectrofluorometrically by the trihydroxyindole method after adsorption to
      aluminium oxide. The concentration (mg/kg tissue) changed during postnatal life
      as follows: at 10 and 18 days--0.13, 24 days--0.18, 35 days--0.21, 45 days--0.34,
      over 3 months--0.68. We determined whether the low transmitter concentration in
      the heart tissue of the young was reflected in the function of the sympathetic
      fibres innervating and sinoatrial node. We stimulated the region of the
      sinoatrial node electrically in isolated atria and compared the positive
      chronotropic reaction of preparations from 15-day-old young and adult rats to
      various forms of stimulation (bursts of 1-5 s, frequencies of 10-100 Hz, voltage
      10-25 V, duration of individual pulses 0.02-0.08 ms). The reactions of young and
      adult rats were all identical except for two: 1. with the shortest pulses (0.02
      ms), the sympathetic innervation of the young hardly reacted at all, while adult
      animals had a marked positive chronotropic reaction; 2. with 5-s bursts, young
      rats reacted significantly more strongly than adult animals. The first of these
      differences could be related to lower excitability of infant rat nerve fibres,
      while insufficient reuptake of noradrenaline in the heart of infant rats could
      have accounted for the second.

PMID- 6447302
TI  - Factors determining post-stimulation dilatation.
AB  - Post-stimulation dilatation (PSD) of the femoral artery and vein after cessation
      of postganglionic sympathetic stimulation were related to the frequency and pulse
      number of the preceding stimulation. It was found that: 1) A minimum number of
      pulses (MNP) is needed to evoke PSD. MNP is inversely related to the stimulation
      frequency. A marked PSD develops after stimulation at 1 Hz when only 100 pulses
      were applied, whereas, if stimulated at 4 Hz or at higher frequencies, even 2,000
      pulses fail to induce PSD. 2) The maximum value, the maximum rate and the overall
      diameter change of PSD (expressed either in absolute values or in relation to the
      preceding contraction) are a) directly related to the number of pulses at a
      constant stimulation frequency, b) for a constant number of pulses the above
      values are inversely related to the stimulation frequency. 3) The relation of PSD
      values to the stimulation parameters contradict the assumption that PSD is
      elicited either by a neurogenic transmitter released by the stimulation, or by an
      extraneuronal transmitter whose release is associated with the release of
      noradrenaline. PSD is suggested to be due to a decreased noradrenaline level
      within the synaptic cleft due to persistence of the reuptake after the release of
      noradrenaline had ceased.

PMID- 6447303
TI  - Cortical responses to stimulation of two functionally different thalamic nuclei
      in rats.
AB  - In acute experiments on adult rats we studied cortical responses to stimulation
      of two thalamic nuclei--a specific somatosensory relay nucleus (the ventral
      dorsomedial nucleus, VDM) and a nucleus without specific cortical projection (the
      lateral anterior nucleus, LA). The responses evoked from the two nuclei by
      various stimuli have the same basic form--an initial positive phase (inconstant
      in stimulation of the LA) is followed by dominant negativity and a late slow
      negative wave; the response ends with a rhythmic afterdischarge. Rhythmic
      stimulation of the thalamic nuclei produces incremental responses in the cortex
      and both the positive and the negative phase of the evoked potential participate
      in the amplitude changes. Hippocampocortical responses (which were compared with
      thalamocortical responses) have neither a late negative wave nor a distinct
      rhythmic afterdischarge; in rhythmic stimulation the amplitude of the responses
      seldom waxes and wanes. Study of the given cortical responses failed to explain
      the basic difference in the ability of the two thalamic nuclei to produce a self
      sustained afterdischarge after rhythmic stimulation, when a spike-and wave rhythm
      was always elicited from the VDM, while in most cases a "hippocampal" type of
      self-sustained afterdischarge was evoked from the LA.

PMID- 6447304
TI  - Protein utilization in correlation to energy intake.
AB  - The effect of 14 days' intake of mounting quantities of fats and energy on a
      constant optimum utilizable amount of dietary protein was studied in weaned rats
      weighing 60 g. Growth (PER, NPR) and utilization (NPU--body, LPU--liver)
      parameters of biological protein value were determined, supplemented by a study
      of the course of the antithetical processes of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, of
      the pentose cycle, the citric acid cycle and of transamination processes in the
      animals' liver. According to the maximum PER, NPR, NPU and LPU values, a 14 days'
      intake of 59.2 g fats and 4.518 MJ, corresponding to a diet containing 10%
      protein, 30% fat and 2.274 MJ, had the best effect on the optimum utilizable
      amount of casein (21 g/14 days). A diet containing 35% and 40% fat stimulated
      gluconeogenesis, followed by a transamination process and inhibition of
      glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and lipogenesis (depression of pentose cycle
      activity and a decrease in the amount of body fat), and simultaneously reduced
      the values of all four parameters of protein biological value. The results
      demonstrate that very best diet for newly weaned rats is one containing 10% high
      quality protein, 30% fat and 2.274 MJ.

PMID- 6447305
TI  - Effect of a block of monoamine oxidase (MAO) on spontaneous motility in chick
      embryos.

PMID- 6447306
TI  - [Nurse's role in prevention during the developmental stages].

PMID- 6447307
TI  - [Electrocardiogram and chronic nonspecific lung disease in a random sample of the
      population from SR Croatia (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447308
TI  - N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide: a synthetic analog of vitamin A that is a potent
      inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - In Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide, at levels
      ranging from 0.025 to 3.1 microM, inhibited serum- and TPA-stimulated
      biosynthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglanding I2 (measured as 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 but did not inhibit serum- or TPA
      stimulated deacylation of cellular phospholipids. 4-Hydroxyphenyl retinamide was
      also a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha production
      by serum-stimulated methylcholanthrene-transformed mouse fibroblasts (MC5-5),
      normal human fibroblasts (D-550), "spindle-shaped" smooth muscle cells present in
      the intima layer of rabbit aorta (R-1), and thromboxane production by melittin
      stimulated mouse lymphoma cells (WEHI-5). In the presence of 10% fetal bovine
      serum, 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide inhibited prostaglandin production by MDCK
      cells 4 times less effectively than indomethacin and about 50 times more
      effectively than aspirin; while in the absence of serum, the inhibiting
      effectiveness of 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide was equal to that of indomethacin.

PMID- 6447309
TI  - Zimelidine - a serotonin uptake blocker in the treatment of phobic anxiety.

PMID- 6447310
TI  - Relative roles of uvrA and recA genes in the recovery of Escherichia coli and
      phage lambda after ultraviolet irradiation.

PMID- 6447311
TI  - [Modifying effect of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine in relation to cytogenetic damage
      induced by gamma-quanta in stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes].

PMID- 6447312
TI  - [Effect of radiation on oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity of liver
      mitochondria].

PMID- 6447313
TI  - Increased skeletal:renal uptake ratio: etiology and characteristics.
AB  - Twenty-four patients  with increased skeletal:renal uptake ratios of 99mTc
      methylene diphosphonate were studied. Increased uptake was central in metastatic
      prostate carcinoma, peripheral in hematologic disorders, and heterogeneous in
      Paget disease and fibrous dysplasia. There was no discernible redistribution of
      skeletal uptake in patients with  renal failure. Absence of both renal and
      bladder activity was not observed in patients with normal renal function. An
      increased ratio was always abnormal and frequently indicated diffuse bone
      disease.

PMID- 6447314
TI  - Passive and active calcium fluxes across plasma membranes.

PMID- 6447315
TI  - Effects of cytochalasins on Neurospora crassa. I. Growth and ultrastructure.

PMID- 6447316
TI  - [Skin cytosol proteins binding H3-testosterone in men with acne vulgaris].

PMID- 6447317
TI  - [Pruritus ani--not only dermatoloical problem].

PMID- 6447318
TI  - [Studies on the pathogenesis of hyperhidrosis of the feet].

PMID- 6447319
TI  - [Drug-induced skin changes].

PMID- 6447320
TI  - [Treatment of acne vulgaris by the PUVA method (case report)].

PMID- 6447321
TI  - [Comparison of the incidence of contact dermatitis in Poland and German
      Democratic Republic. I. Skin changes caused by cement, industrial oils and epoxy
      resins].

PMID- 6447322
TI  - [Comparison of the incidence of contact dermatitis in Poland and German
      Democratic Republic. II. Skin changes caused by rubber and other occupational
      allergens].

PMID- 6447323
TI  - [Modelling longitudinal ureteroplasty in children].
AB  - On the basis of their personal experience acquired in the total of 29 modelling
      interventions in the ureters of 16 children, the authors discuss the value, the
      technique and the indications of modelling longitudinal ureteroplasties--or the
      Hendren operation. This intervention was performed in 8 patients for secondary
      megaureter, and in another 8 patients it was performed for primary megaureters.
      When it was necessary modelling was performed simultaneously on both sides. In
      patients without previous derivations systematic use was made of ureter
      splintering after modelling--when it was re-implanted. Some technical details are
      discussed. The authors stress the necessity to know exactly before the
      intervention, the true functional value of the kidney the ureter of which will
      undergo modelling. Otherwise inutile modelling interventions will be performed
      (one case). In 3 of the patients, at 4--6 months after surgery, modelling of the
      upper segment of the ureter was necessary, together with pyeloplastia. The series
      analysed confirmed the value of this technique aimed at direct correction of the
      large dilatations of the ureters.

PMID- 6447324
TI  - [Superacute extradural hematoma].
AB  - After a survey of data in the literature the authors have used four criteria for
      the identification of the supraacute extradural hematoma:--an interval of maximum
      two hours between the occurence of the trauma and the performance of the
      intervention or exitus;--a severe cerebral syndrome with primary brutal coma, or
      coma that has developed in the above-mentioned interval;--the discovery during
      intervention of a "developing" hematoma, mostly as fluid, and the identification
      of the source of haemorrhage;--persistent cerebro-ventricular collapse after
      evacuation of the hematoma, that makes necessary the application of operative
      procedures for achieving recovery. Two of the 5 observations of the authors are
      presented, both in males, aged 22 and 73 years respectively, in whom surgery was
      performed in an interval of less than two hours. All the patients were comatose
      when the intervention was carried out, and 3 of them had a temporal fracture. The
      diagnosis was made by angiography. During surgery a fluid extradural hematoma was
      found, and the source of the haemorrhage was identified in three of them as a
      major branch of the median meningeal artery. One death was recorded due to
      recidive of extra-dural hematoma, associated with cerebral contusion and cerebral
      edema. In all the five patients the authors found cerebro-ventricular collapse
      that was recovered by introduction of physiologic saline and air through the
      lumbar route during the intervention.

PMID- 6447325
TI  - [Late complications after surgical operations in gastroduodenal ulcer (emergency
      operations)].
AB  - A clinical study is presented, concerning the lated disturbances noted in 61
      patients hospitalized as emergencies, and operated for complicated gastroduodenal
      ulcer (with perforation, and/or haemorrhage) between 1969 and 1973. The control
      of the patients was made in the ambulatory, 50-10 years after they had underwent
      surgery. Late postoperative disturbances were investigated from the clinical,
      radiologic, biochemical and histologic viewpoints, and the results were
      correlated with the anatomo-pathologic aspects of the ulcerative lesions, and
      with the type of the intervention performed: gastroduodenal resections followed
      by gastroduodenoanastomosis of the Pean type, or gastroenteroanastomosis of the
      Reichel-Polya type; antrectomy with gastroduodenoanastomosis, and vagotomy;
      excision of the ulcer, with vagotomy and pyloroplastia. The analysis of the cases
      allowed for the following conclusions: when the local condition permits it is
      recommended that, after resection, gastroduodenalanastomosis should be performed
      from the start; in the young patients, with recent ulcers, on the anterior aspect
      of the duodenum, and complicated by perforations (with a small diameter of 0,2
      0,3 mm), or with haemorrhage, excision of the ulcer and vagotomy should be
      performed, and pyloroplastia. With regard to vagotomy the authors recommedn, when
      possible, to prefer the selective type instead of the troncular. Gastric
      resection should be as economical as possible, and gastrectomy should be acoided
      when such an indication is not absolutely indispensable. In ulcers located in the
      antrum, or in pyloroduodenal ulcers, the authors preferred to perform antrectomy
      and gastroduodenalanastomosis, associated to selective or troncular vagotomy.
      Patients that have underwent gastroduodenal resection should be dispensarized and
      monitored, at least in the first 2 years after the intervention, since in this
      interval they may present complicating that could be avoided.

PMID- 6447326
TI  - [Experimental model for reproduction of monoradicular compression by disk
      hernias].
AB  - Monoradicular compression was achieved with an original technique. As a
      compressive factor the authors made use of a device that can be easily removed by
      a simple monoeuver. From the clinical and functional aspects the nervous
      suffering induced in 11 dogs was similar to that encountered in men with
      intervertebral disc hernia. From the histological viewpoint, irritative phenomena
      were noted over the entire area of distribution of the compressed spinal nerve.
      Degenerative aspects were also observed in the thick myelin fibres. Similar
      lesions developed on the opposite side, in the neighbouring medullary segments.
      Ten months after the suppression of the compression minor degenerative lesions
      were noted in the nervous elements on both sides, as well as a large number of
      regenerated fibres suggesting an aspect of neurinoma. The electromyographic
      aspects were in support of the histologic data. These results can be extrapolated
      in the human pathology.

PMID- 6447327
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the pancreas].
AB  - The pancreatic localization of hydatidosis is exceedingly rare (between 0,5 and
      3%). A double localization, in the lung and in the pancreas was encountered only
      by J. Caroli and by authors of the present paper. As a rule the diagnosis is made
      during the biliopancreatic complications by surgical exploration. The evolution
      of a patient aged 55 is discussed, who presented with an icterocholangitic
      syndrome suggesting neoplastic disease, with an image of hidatic cyst in the
      upper third level of the right lung. The diagnosis of pancreatic hydatic cyst was
      made by puncture, during surgery, and retrogastric cystogastrectomia according to
      Jedlicka was followed by irreversible acute hepatorenal failure.

PMID- 6447328
TI  - [Biliary lithiasis complicated by cholecystocholedocal fistula and prolonged
      mechanical jaundice].
AB  - A case is presented, of a patient with biliary lithiasis complicated by
      cholecystocholedocian fistula, and prolonged mechanical jaundice. The low
      frequency of such cases is stressed and the difficulties encountered in making a
      correct diagnosis. Particularities of the observation are analysed, and the
      therapeutical attitude is discussed.

PMID- 6447329
TI  - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate].
AB  - The authors present a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate in a
      patient aged 62 years. The clinical aspect was not different from that of a
      common adenoma of the prostate, complicated by acute retention of urine. The
      patient benefited from surgery, and a classical method was applied (transvesical
      adenomectomy with Nowac drainage). Although the surgical treatment was nos
      completed with postoperative radiotherapy a remarkable survival was obtained,
      that went beyond 2 years, and the patient is still living in a satisfactory
      general condition.

PMID- 6447330
TI  - [Gastric lipoma associated with ulcer of the lesser curvature].

PMID- 6447331
TI  - [The Bain circuit. Theoretical aspects and clinical use].
AB  - After a concise theoretical presentation of the present stage of semiclosed
      circuits, the authors assess their personal experience in the use of the Bain
      system. Under controlled respiration, adminstration of a fresh flow of gases of
      70 ml per Kg of body weight-1 per minute-1 (between 4,5 and 6 1 per minute-1)
      prevents reinchalation. By its characteristics, which include: on optimal control
      of PaCO2 by a simple variation of the flow of fresh gases, universality, economy,
      the Bain system has demonstrated its utility in the anesthetics practice.

PMID- 6447332
TI  - [Unusual accidents in anesthesia practice].
AB  - The extension of major manoeuvres in the practice of anesthesy and of intensive
      care lead to an increase in the frequency of iatrogenic accidents:--oesophageal
      perforation when a Porges type tube; --left oeso-pleural fistula following
      postoperative gastric aspiration;--direct trauma to the oesphagus occuring during
      tracheostomy.

PMID- 6447333
TI  - [The Hartmann type of operation].
AB  - In spite of the contemporary progresses in the field of surgical therapies, of
      the use of antibiotics, and of resuscitation techniques, resection of the colon
      with closure of the distal end and terminal colostomy, as suggested by Hartmann
      at the start of the century, has still some indications. Moreover, beside the
      original indications, this type of intervention can also be aplied in the case of
      some other benign lesions, and extension of the colon resection may involve other
      areas beside the recto-sigmoid zone. The specific indications of the intervention
      are the severe, very extensive and usually complicated lesions of the colon,
      frequently associated with a general biologic deterioration, conditions that make
      highly improbably the success of other surgical procedures. In a group of 28
      patients (4,6 percent of the total number of cases in which interventions on the
      colon have been performed), of which 15 neoplasies and 13 benign lesions, the
      following resections have been carried out: 19 sigmoid resections, one resection
      of the transverse colon, 3 rectosigmoid resections, one left hemi-colectomy, 2
      sub-total colectomies, 2 interventions for dehiscence of anastomoses. Considering
      the critical condition of the patients the high post-operative mortality appears
      to be easy to explain, as well as the non-lethal septic post-operative
      complications. In 7 patients (25 percent of the survivors) secondary restoration
      of the transit was carried out (4 benign lesions, and 3 cases of neoplasy).
      Reconversion raises some tactical and technical problems concerning the time of
      the intervention, the route, the attitude in front of colostomy, the mobilization
      of the segments and the type of anastomoses.

PMID- 6447334
TI  - [De-epidermized free skin graft in the treatment of eventrations and hernias].
AB  - The study investigated the efficiency of the non-epidermic free skin graft in the
      treatment of eventration and of hernia. It includes an experimental and a
      clinical stage. The experimental study investigated the biological integration of
      the autograft and of histological changes that take place. The authors attempted
      to determine the optimal site for the insertion of the graft between the parietal
      anatomic layers, as well as to evaluate their role as a prosthesis. The
      experiments demonstrated a perfect integration of the dermal auto-graft, as well
      as the new solidity that it will impart to the wall. The non-epidermic free skin
      graft was used over a period of 15 years (1964--1978) in a total of 134 patients.
      The use of the dermic graft is simple from the technical viewpoint, and the post
      operative morbidity is not significant. A retrospective clinical study was
      carried out in 62 patients over a period of 1 to 12 years. Only two relapses were
      noted (3,2 percent of the total). In the remaining cases the abdominal wall was
      very solid and there was no sign of eventration.

PMID- 6447335
TI  - [Progressive femoral lengthening in children. Apropos of 36 cases].
AB  - The authors have analysed the result of femoral lengthening in 36 cases, 24 of
      them congenital. The technique, which is fully described, was that of progressive
      lengthening using external distraction either by the Judet or Wagner method. The
      average lengthening obtained was 18,3 p. 100 of the initial length of the femur-
      that is 5.2 centimetres on average. The bony and articular complications are
      described. The authors believe that, thanks to modifications of their technique,
      one femur should normally be able to be lengthened by 20 to 25 p. 100 in 30 days
      and should be solid in six months.

PMID- 6447336
TI  - [Osteosynthesis with cervico-diaphyseal penetration in the treatment of complex
      pertrochanteric fractures. Apropos of a continuous series of 180 cases].
AB  - 180 comminuted fractures of the trochanteric region in elderly patients were
      fixed by nail-plates with some degree of upward displacement of the shaft and
      impaction. 81 p. 100 of the patients were allowed to bear full weight soon after
      the operation. Severe secondary displacement was observed in only 2.7 p. 100.
      This technique makes nursing easier and hospitalisation shorter. Some details of
      the mechanical basis and the technique of operation are given.

PMID- 6447337
TI  - [Sarmiento functional bracing of tibial fractures (author's transl)].
AB  - The functional bracing advocated by Sarmiento was used in the conservative
      treatment of 74 recent tibial fractures (6) adults, 13 children) and in 12
      fractures with delayed union. The leg was immobilized in an Orthoplast below-the
      knee functional brace with patellar tendon bearing. A flexible plastic insert
      fitted on the heel allowed the use of sock and shoe. Knee and ankle motion were
      possible and early weight-bearing was allowed. The results of this method of
      treatment in recent fractures was excellent since healing occured without delay
      and function restoration was rapid. In delayed union of tibial fractures this
      method gave promising results. It is the authors' opinion that Sarmiento's
      functional bracing is a highly satisfactory method of conservative treatment of
      tibial fractures.

PMID- 6447338
TI  - [Birth palsy of the brachial plexus--surgical exploration and attempted repair in
      twenty one cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Twenty one cases of birth palsy of the brachial plexus have been explored
      surgically. The patients were aged from seven weeks to nine years. The results of
      pre-operative examination are described and myelography is considered to be
      especially important. It was found that ruptures of the upper roots at the
      junction of C5-C6 were frequent and could be repaired by nerve graft. Avulsion
      from the spinal cord was more frequent in the lower roots. It is concluded that
      surgical exploration and attempted repair should be done early, preferably at the
      age of two or three months in cases of absence of spontaneous recovery.

PMID- 6447339
TI  - [Lumbar disc herniation in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of lumbar disc herniation are reported in children. The disease is very
      rare during growth and the authors describe the clinical aspect and discuss
      treatment. A new concept of the pathogenesis is proposed.

PMID- 6447340
TI  - [Reduction and fixation of fractures of the neck of the radious be centro
      medullary pinning. Original technic].
AB  - Fractures of the neck of the radius may cause considerable permanent limitation
      of elbow and forearm movement. This complications resulted from failure to
      achieve adequate reduction or from vascular disturbance. The authors make use of
      a Kirschner wire introduced in the medullary canal by its lower end. It is
      possible to reduce and stabilise the head of the radius without open reduction.

PMID- 6447341
TI  - [Osteotomy of the calcaneus in the treatment of congenital varus equinus
      clubfoot].

PMID- 6447342
TI  - [Considerations on an unusual case of Turner's syndrome XO/46 mosaic trisomy 21
      XX].

PMID- 6447343
TI  - [Early education of disabled children seen from the angle of regionalization and
      inter-disciplinary work (author's transl)].
AB  - Early education of disabled children is presented as a specific and indispensable
      yet integrated part of a complex task which can be mastered solely by inter
      disciplinary co-operation and interchange between educational, psychological,
      medical and clinical services. The author submits a concept - developed and put
      to the test at federal state level - of a regional and closely knit network of
      educationally-oriented education services. Statistical data obtained from 103
      early education facilities in Bavaria give an insight into the work of such
      institutions.

PMID- 6447344
TI  - [Performance behaviour of the physically handicapped. Selected approaches and a
      comprehensive skeleton concept (author's transl)].
AB  - The article shows that psychology's current situation with its confusing variety
      of theories and methods and, accordingly, heterogeneous examination findings, is
      also reflected in the discussion about the performance behaviour of the
      physically handicapped. This fact made it necessary to apply different concepts
      of the so-called normal psychology to this particular field. On the basis of
      limited approaches which place organic impairments - perceptual disorders and
      motor disturbances due to organic brain damage - in the foreground, a description
      of other research lines is crried out, which not only permit the taking into
      account of the performance aspects, but also motivational, interpersonal and
      social viewpoints. The continuous expansion of this field of consideration
      results in a skeleton concept which encompasses the whole of the person
      environment relations and not only individual and isolated fields. In this
      connection the methodical consequences of this concept, i.e., the attempt to
      create biotic study situations, are discussed. It is hoped that in the future
      such new psychological approaches will also assist in the practical study of
      problems of the physically handicapped.

PMID- 6447345
TI  - [The motor development of physically handicapped children as a central task of
      special education (author's transl)].
AB  - A physical disability is always the starting point of a life-long process the
      dynamics of which are determined by the autonomy of the biological and
      psychological maturation, as well as by social influences. The motor development
      of the physically handicapped child is related to its personality formation.
      Motor and behavioural deficiencies can worsen and produce long-term effects.
      Therefore, starting as soon as possible, at best on a daily basis, physical
      education and kinesiotherapy must be used to compensate for these deficiencies
      and activate the forces of psychological and physical self-regulation. Physicians
      and kinesiotherapists must pay more attention to the normal need of movement of
      physically handicapped children. The motor development of the physically
      handicapped must become an integral part of the paedagogical responsibilities of
      physical education. For this reason, it is necessary that physical instructors
      with special qualifications are systematically employed in special schools and
      rehabilitation facilities.

PMID- 6447346
TI  - [Deficiencies in early education of the disabled (author's transl)].
AB  - Medical care is predominant in the early education of disabled infants. Although
      the physician is the first specialist assessing the disability, he should not
      dominate the course of the therapy for too long. Otherwise other occupational
      groups, e.g., pedagogues and psychologists are involved too late in the
      therapeutic process. The result is that the development of disabled babies and
      infants is characterised by a deficiency in the most sensitive learning and
      receptivity phase. Early educational measures are most often carried out at home
      with the active assistance of the parents. For families who have not, or not yet,
      accepted the disabled child the experts' help is of particular importance. Early
      education of disabled children is still at a developmental stage. It is hoped
      that the following article will increase the knowledge about this problem complex
      and encourage discussion.

PMID- 6447347
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation in the Netherlands (author's transl)].
AB  - The present state-of-the-art in "Revalidation" in the Netherlands is described,
      where the term is used to denote medical rehabilitation including prevocational
      assessment of physically disabled persons. Sample surveys in 1971/72 revealed
      insufficient awareness and under-use of existing rehabilitation services. Since
      then, special emphasis has been placed on out-patient rehabilitation (clinics),
      with facilities and services being organised so as to serve a region of appr.
      300,000 persons each, or an area within a radius of 30 kms from the facility.
      Organisation and staff schedules of rehabilitation facilities are discussed.
      Recently, marked preference of the "active" therapists can be noted. As in other
      countries, further development of the Anglo-Saxon team  concept has, in the
      Netherlands too, given rise to a number of problems which are discussed more
      fully.

PMID- 6447348
TI  - [The changing situation of the school for the physically disabled owing to the
      rising numbers of most severely and multiply disabled pupils (author's transl)].
AB  - The author outlines a group of disabled who are suggested to be inadequately
      covered by the usual targets of rehabilitation (reintegration in the labour
      market, independence in the activities of daily living, starting a family--in
      short: "normality"), because of the presence of severe and extensive disabilities
      or disability combinations. Starting from an analysis of the living situation
      these children are facing in their childhood, and a projection on the living
      situations to be expected in adulthood, the essential principles of an
      educational concept are developed which, at the price of departure from
      established educational ideas, is intended, ideally, to enable the course of
      education to be adjusted to the living situation of the individual. These
      individualised programmes must be based on an established right to being
      different, and insistence on the inalienability of equal value and equal rights
      as a task of education in the schools for the physically disabled.

PMID- 6447349
TI  - [Sports in the centres of vocational training and re-training (author's transl)].
AB  - The majority of disabilities are coupled with impairments of the motor system. In
      its action programme on rehabilitation, the Federal Government therefore
      recognises that sports should invariably be included in present-day
      rehabilitation as provided in the centres for vocational rehabilitation. This
      thesis was investigated on the basis of a study of 14 vocational re-training
      centres (= 93 percent) and 13 vocational training centres (= 81 percent) in
      operation in 1978/1979. It was found that there still is marked understaffing in
      this sector, especially as regards specifically trained personnel. The majority
      of sports facilities moreover are still in need of equipment capable of
      stimulating motaivation. The organisational patterns found in the field of sport
      for the disabled widely lack uniformity, with solutions being rather
      unsatisfactory.

PMID- 6447350
TI  - [Initiating a section of sports for the disabled in a sports club (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6447351
TI  - Three years later: the impact of section 504 regulations on higher education.

PMID- 6447352
TI  - Independent living models.

PMID- 6447353
TI  - Will the new standard for accessibility curb the proliferation of design
      requirements?

PMID- 6447354
TI  - Protective effect of various drugs in preventing an acetylcholine-induced
      bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 6447355
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of bead-shaped aneurysm in Kawasaki's disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6447356
TI  - Extended-heel shoes.

PMID- 6447357
TI  - [Immune complex diseases].

PMID- 6447358
TI  - The use of dragonfly nymphs in the control of Aedes aegypti.
AB  - The predatory rates of the dragonfly nymphs on Aedes aegypti were studied in the
      laboratory and under field conditons. Labellulid nymphs were found to predate on
      Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae readily. The rate of consumption was found to be 133
      +/- 21 all stages of larvae per medium size nymph per 24 hours. In container
      habitats complete elimination of all larvae and pupae were achieved between day 4
      and 9 depending on density of aquatic stages. The dragonfly nymphs as predators
      could be used in biological control of Aedes mosquitoes.

PMID- 6447359
TI  - Cerebral palsy in Cape Town: A review of 389 coloured children.
AB  - Three hundred and eighty-nine Coloured cerebral palsied children were reviewed
      with regard to clinical type and its relationship to aetiological factors. There
      was no significant change in type or severity of case over two 6-year periods.
      Associated handicaps were also analysed, and the prevalence of these stresses the
      need for comprehensive assessment and treatment clinics so that multidisciplinary
      treatment can minimize the extent of the disabilities.

PMID- 6447360
TI  - Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia associated with absent suppressor cells, aplastic
      anaemia and trisomy 8.
AB  - A child with aplastic anaemia and trisomy 8 in bone marrow cells was observed to
      have extremely high levels of circulating immunglobulins. Concanavalin A (con A)
      inducible suppressor cells were assessed in the patient's peripheral blood by
      their ability to suppress both the proliferative response of normal allogeneic
      cells activated in a two-way mixed lymphocyte culture with and without added
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the ability of normal allogeneic cells to produce
      the lymphokine leucocyte inhibitory factor when activated by PHA. Con A
      consistently failed to induce suppressor cells from the patient but not from
      control lymphocytes. It is suggested that the lack of suppressor cells may
      account for uncontrolled B-cell proliferation and associated
      hypergammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6447361
TI  - [Contact dermatitis in industry].
AB  - The type of skin reactions which occur in commerce and industry and the causal
      agents are summarized.

PMID- 6447362
TI  - Peritoneoscopy in a developing country.
AB  - Peritoneoscopy in medical cases remains largely unpopular in the USA and the UK.
      In many developing countries there is often a heavy demand on medical facilities
      and the rapid diagnosis of intra-abdominal problems is of major importance. We
      present a series of 193 patients in whom peritoneoscopy was carried out during a
      2 1/2-year period. Eighty-six per cent (166) of examinations yielded information
      of positive diagnostic value. The most common diagnoses were hepatocellular
      carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, bilharzial fibrosis and peritoneal tuberculosis. The
      peritoneoscopic appearances in the various lesions are illustrated and discussed.
      Peritoneoscopy is a safe procedure and its value in a developing country is
      great, both in terms of economy of man-hours employed and, more particularly, of
      diagnostic yield.

PMID- 6447363
TI  - Laparoscopic sterilization on a day-case basis.
AB  - A prospective series of 307 patients who underwent laparoscopic sterilization on
      a day-case basis is presented. Of these, 196 patients attended for the 6-month
      and 117 for the 1-year follow-up visit. There were 5 Blacks, 197 Coloureds and
      105 Whites. Sterilization was done by means of tubal cauterization (137), Hulka
      Clemens clips (34) and Falope rings (136). Although 18% of patients were under 30
      years old, 16% were 40 years of age or older. A marked tendency to low parity was
      evident, 43% of Coloureds and 90% of Whites being para 3 or less. The main
      operative problem was uterine perforation. Of the patients 17% were not
      discharged on the day of operation. By the 5th postoperative day 86% had returned
      to normal working activities. Significantly more postoperative abdominal pain was
      reported in the clip and ring groups. Seven pregnancies occurred in the series, 6
      after tubal cauterization and 1 after the application of Falope rings. On patient
      was probably pregnant at the time of the operation. Most patients reported no
      change in libido at the 1-year follow-up visit, and in 20% libido was increased
      Mild pelvic infection was the only significant finding at the 6-month and 1-year
      follow-up visits. Apart from the disturbingly high pregnancy rate and the
      relatively large number of patients who were not discharged on the day of
      operaton, the sterilization programme has been most acceptable.

PMID- 6447364
TI  - The prevalence of Huntington's chorea in South Africa.
AB  - The results of a national investigation to determine the prevalence of
      Huntington's chorea in South Africa are presented. A total of 481 persons who
      have died from or are presently suffering from the disorder have been identified.
      The prevalence rate of 0,1 per million in the South African Negro population is
      much less than the estimate of 22 per million in the White and Coloured groups.
      It is apparent that the great variation in the ethnic distribution of the disease
      is a reflection of the diverse origins of the different population groups of
      South Africa.

PMID- 6447365
TI  - The origin of Huntington's chorea in the Afrikaner population of South Africa.
AB  - Huntington's chorea is prevalent among the Afrikaner population of South Africa.
      The origin of the gene for the disorder in this population group has been traced
      over 14 generations from the present time to the days of the first free burghers
      at the Cape of Good Hope. Over 200 affected individuals in more than 50
      supposedly unrelated families have been found to be ancestrally related through a
      common progenitor in the 17th century.

PMID- 6447366
TI  - Social perspectives in Huntington's chorea.
AB  - The social implications of Huntington's chorea are serious and far-reaching,
      affecting all members of the family and the community as a whole. The relativly
      common occurrence of suicide and of major and minor crimes are cause for concern.
      The disease imposes a significant economic burden on both the family and society.
      The minimum direct cost to the state of a single affected prson with Huntington's
      chorea in South Africa is estimated at R23 000.

PMID- 6447367
TI  - The performance of disposable intravenous cannulas: a study of available cannulas
      in South Africa.
AB  - A wide range of disposable intravenous cannulas available in South Africa was
      assessed in terms of their flow characteristics. A great variation was found in
      the sizes, even among those supposedly of the same size. The various features of
      each make of cannula are discussed and their packaging is commented on.

PMID- 6447368
TI  - The fundamental principles and the norms of planning the stationary medical
      assistance for the people in a big socialist town.

PMID- 6447369
TI  - Reports of the 1979 Advisory Council on Social Security.

PMID- 6447370
TI  - The vascular laboratory: minimal and maximal.

PMID- 6447371
TI  - [Seminar for school nurses and community health nurses on rehabilitation of
      handicapped children: efforts start already when the infant arrives home].

PMID- 6447372
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics in Felty's syndrome].

PMID- 6447373
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis in Sjogren's syndrome (case report)].

PMID- 6447374
TI  - [Genetic analysis of cholesterol and triglyceride level in ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 6447375
TI  - [Comparison between the electrocardiographic criteria of left-ventricular
      hypertrophy and the angiocardiographic indicators of its mass and contractile
      function].

PMID- 6447376
TI  - [Asymmetric interventricular septum hypertrophy after myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6447377
TI  - [Work results and perspectives for improving the rheumatological service in the
      Belorussian SSR].

PMID- 6447378
TI  - [Role of circulating immune complexes of different composition in the
      pathogenesis of rheumatoid visceritis].

PMID- 6447379
TI  - [Ultrastructural data on the immune-complex nature of vascular lesions in
      systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6447380
TI  - [Case of progressive myocardiopathy in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 6447381
TI  - [Development and use of the information retrieval system in clinical pulmonology
      for the solution of the problems regarding preventation, treatment and
      dispensarization of patients].

PMID- 6447382
TI  - [Criteria of diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in mass screening (review of the
      literature, topics for discussion, practical guidelines)].

PMID- 6447383
TI  - Interaction of plasmin with tranexamic acid and alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor in the
      plasma and clot.
AB  - Interaction of urokinase (UK) activated plasmin with tranexamic acid and alpha 2
      plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) was studied by using a chromogenic substrate (S
      2251) and immunoelectrophoresis. Plasma was activated by UK (P + U) in the
      presence of tranexamic acid (P + U + t) or in the presence of thrombin (P + U +
      thr) and thrombin plus tranexamic acid (P + U + thr + t). These mixtures were
      incubated for 10, 20, and 30 min at 37 degrees C, then an aliquot of each mixture
      was added to S-2251, and incubated for 3 or 10 min at 37 degrees C. Hydrolysis of
      S-2251 after 3 min incubation was significant in the presence of tranexamic acid
      or clot formation, thus the presence of tranexamic acid or clot formation
      enhancing the UK activation of plasminogen in both plasma and clot. Hydrolysis of
      S-2251 after 10 min incubation was higher in the presence of tranexamic acid than
      in its absence or clot formation without tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid seems
      to be more effective in enhancement of activation of plasminogen by UK than clot
      formation. Plasmin formed by UK was coexistent with alpha 2PI in the plasma in
      contrast to a purified system in which alpha 2PI formed a complex with plasmin
      instantaneously. In an even purified system, clot formation and the presence of
      tranexamic acid protected plasmin from its inactivation by alpha 2PI to some
      extent.

PMID- 6447384
TI  - Interaction of platelets with soluble, polymerizing and polymerized des-AA and
      des-AABB fibrin in human plasma.

PMID- 6447385
TI  - Antifibrinolytic activity of human saliva components.

PMID- 6447386
TI  - The promoting effect of amphotericin B on the incorporation of neocarzinostatin
      into human gastric cancer tissue.
AB  - AmB/NCS combination therapy against cancer was evaluated. Six gastric cancer
      patients were treated in this manner, and 7 gastric cancer patients treated with
      NCS alone to serve as the control. AmB sirup was administered orally for 4 days
      before surgical operation. NCS was given intraveously at the onset of gastric
      surgery. Lesion tissues and healthy tissues were collected from each patient and
      the NCS titers were measured by bioassay. It was shown in the majority of the
      gastric cancer cases that the NCS levels in the lesion tissues were substantially
      higher than in the surrounding normal tissues, whereas in the gastric cancer
      patients who received NCS alone, no significant differences were found between
      the tissues.

PMID- 6447387
TI  - Mitochondrial function of rat liver in biliary obstruction.
AB  - An investigation was performed of the liver mitochondrial respiratory function in
      rats after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of biliary obstruction and the following results were
      obtained: 1) Various parameters of liver mitochondrial respiratory function, such
      as respiratory control ratio, ADP/O, O2 consumption in state 3 respiration and
      adenosine triphosphate synthesis were found to decrease with prolongation of
      biliary obstruction. 2) The mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, cytochrome a (+a3)
      and cytochrome c(+c1) showed that both decreased in contents with prolongation of
      obstruction, particularly the latter. 3) The activation ratio of ATPase (latent
      ATPase/dinitrophenol stimulated ATPase) was increased after long term biliary
      obstruction, which was thought to indicate the severe damage of mitochondrial
      membrane. 4) Investigation of the respiratory function with the various
      respiratory substrates showed that the locations of mitochondrial respiratory
      inhibition in obstructive jaundice are at sites 1 and 2, which is the same as the
      situation seen in nonspecific damage of mitochondria. 5) There was a high degree
      of mitochondrial respiratory disturbance by bile acids, particularly CDCA, which
      is thought to be one of the causal factors of liver dysfunction in obstructive
      jaundice. 6) Mitochondrial respiratory function was markedly disturbed in
      hypotension, and the degree of which correlated with length of time of biliary
      obstruction.

PMID- 6447388
TI  - [Kala-Alty mineral water in the overall treatment of parodontal diseases].

PMID- 6447389
TI  - In vitro effects of androgens upon the spontaneous rat uterine contractility.
AB  - The effectiveness of ring A reduced (5 alpha and 5 beta) testosterone (T)
      derivatives upon the rat uterus spontaneous contractility was tested in vitro.
      Compounds with the 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha reduced configuration, such as
      androsterone and androstanediol, and one 5 beta reduced (5 beta
      dihydrotestosterone) elicited a remarkable inhibitory effect upon the myometrial
      activity. Although steroids with 5 beta reduction were less potent than 3 alpha
      hydroxy-5 alpha reduced compounds for depressing the myometrial activity, they
      were somewhat more potent than T, DHEA, androstenedione and the remaining 5 alpha
      reduced compounds tested. Therefore, T could act as a "prehormone", accounting
      for the maintenance of the physiological myometrial activity through its 5
      reduced derivatives.

PMID- 6447390
TI  - [50th anniversary of the forensic medical service of Belorussia].

PMID- 6447391
TI  - Owen' gland.

PMID- 6447392
TI  - [A Byzantine text on the determination of the ages of horses from Ambrosian H2
      inf].

PMID- 6447393
TI  - [On Paracelsus' Liber praeparationum].

PMID- 6447394
TI  - [European physicians of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 18th century-
      the case of Sinasi].

PMID- 6447395
TI  - [A medical scientist, also an apothecary. On the status of the pharmacist in late
      medieval Germany].

PMID- 6447396
TI  - Preparation and characterization of an antiserum specific for T cells of pigs.

PMID- 6447397
TI  - [Abscess of the abdominal wall containing a fish bone. Gastrointestinal
      perforation with a subclinical course].

PMID- 6447398
TI  - [Leukocyte enzyme activity in patients with posttraumatic bone infection
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447399
TI  - Urinary tract reconstruction and the abnormal bladder.
AB  - The principles and techniques of urinary tract reconstruction in children with
      abnormal bladders, including psychogenic vesical dysfunction, myogenic vesical
      dysfunction, contracted bladder, and neurogenic vesical dysfunction, are
      discussed. Factors influencing the decision to perform urinary undiversion are
      evaluated.

PMID- 6447400
TI  - Initial results of the complete reconstruction of bladder exstrophy.
AB  - A new, staged approach to reconstruction of bladder exstrophy utilizing four
      surgical procedures is presented. This approach presents all the complications
      usually seen in functional reconstruction of this anomaly.

PMID- 6447401
TI  - [Change in eye muscle equilibrium under polar day and night conditions].

PMID- 6447402
TI  - [Sanatorium for wounded soldiers].

PMID- 6447403
TI  - [60th anniversary of the Pyatigorsk Institute of Health Resort Science and
      Physiotherapy].

PMID- 6447404
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors].
AB  - The potentialities of laparoscopy, associated with instrumental palpation,
      intraperitoneal radiometry, aimed puncture biopsy, were assessed in females with
      genital tumors. Moreover, peritoneal smears obtained by a special sound-brush
      were assayed histologically. This enabled not only establishing the correct
      diagnosis (in 96.3% of cases) and the recognition of the tumor microdissemination
      but also a selection of the optimum therapeutic policy. In 14 patients with the
      ascites syndrome a laparoscopically guided drainage and infusion therapy with
      hyperoxygenation were performed. The preliminary results indicate the necessity
      to further study and elaborate the technic concerned.

PMID- 6447405
TI  - [The natural killer cells].

PMID- 6447406
TI  - [Ways to detect and measures to prevent obesity].
AB  - The results of an epidemiological survey indicate high incidence of obesity and
      overweight among adult population in a district of Moscow and in the Moscow
      region. Obesity and overweight were recorded in 46.3% of persons examined at a
      large industrial enterprise, in 35% at a food plant; 16% of persons with
      overweight and 26% with obesity were recorded among the unorganized population of
      the district in Moscow; 35.4% of sovkhoz workers were obese. The survey has shown
      that the main reasons for high incidence of obesity are excessive nutrition and
      poor physical activity. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of various
      diseases and carries hazards for the health of the population.

PMID- 6447407
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of various diseases in war invalids with a history
      of cranio-cerebral trauma].

PMID- 6447408
TI  - [Sleep in the rate following raphe lesion: pharmacology of the serotonin system].

PMID- 6447409
TI  - [Remarks on the Papillon-Lefevre disease].

PMID- 6447410
TI  - [Cardiomyopathies and their treatment].

PMID- 6447411
TI  - Thromboendarterectomy combined with femoropopliteal bypass.
AB  - Most complications that appear within 5-6 weeks after femoropopliteal bypass
      (FPB) are associated with the surgical procedure in the groin. Destruction of
      lymphatic structures in the presence of an open foot infection and crushing of
      the intima by clamping the common and deep femoral arteries are significant
      predisposing factors in producing early infection or occlusion of the graft. To
      avoid these predisposing factors, a combined procedure of a short
      thromboendarterectomy of the proximal superficial femoral artery and an
      autogenous or prosthetic bypass graft was used, without application of clamps to
      the common and deep femora arteris. In a series of 45 patients, this combined
      procedure was used and a significant reduction of complications was achieved.
      Indications, technique, and advantages of this combined method are discussed.

PMID- 6447413
TI  - [Cooperation of B- and T-lymphocytes of the human in vitro and in vivo].
AB  - It is reported on the experimental proofs for the existence of a cooperation of
      different populations of lymphocytes in man. Regulatory lymphocytes play a part
      in the regulation of the synthesis of immunoglobulins by polyclonally stimulated
      B-lymphocytes, in the generation of killer-T-cells and in the regulation of the
      DNA-synthesis by mitogenically stimulated T- and B-cells. Typical helper- and
      suppressor-effects may be proved. Disturbances of lymphocytic interactions may be
      a cause for the development of immune deficiency diseases. It is very probable
      that also in several chronic infections a dysfunction of regulatory T-lymphocytes
      is present.

PMID- 6447412
TI  - Animal models of primary myocardial diseases.
AB  - Feline and canine cardiomyopathies (primary myocardial diseases) were reviewed
      and divided into three groups based on the clinical, hemodynamic,
      angiocardiographic, and pathologic findings: (1) feline and canine hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, (2) feline and canine congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy, and
      (3) feline restrictive cardiomyopathy. All three groups consisted predominantly
      of mature adult male cats and dogs. Cardiomyopathy in the hamster and turkey was
      also reviewed. The most common presenting signs were dyspnea and/or
      thromboembolism in the cat, systolic murmurs with gallop rhythms on auscultation,
      cardiomegaly with (groups 1 and 3) or without (group 2) pulmonary edema, abnormal
      electrocardiograms, elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, and
      angiocardiographic evidence of mitral regurgitation with left ventricular
      concentric hypertrophy (group 1), left ventricular dilatation (group 2), or
      midventricular stenosis (group 3). Some cats in groups 1 and 3 also had evidence
      of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The principal pathologic findings in all
      of the cats and dogs were left atrial dilation, hypertrophy, increased
      septal:left ventricular free wall thickness ratio with disorganization of cardiac
      muscle cells (group 1); dilatation of the four chambers with degeneration of
      cardiac muscle cells (group 2); and extensive endocardial fibrosis and adhesion
      of the left ventricle (group 3). Aortic thromboembolism was commonly observed in
      the cats of all three groups. These clinical and pathologic findings indicate
      that cardiomyopathy in the cat or dog is similar to the three forms of
      cardiomyopathy in humans (hypertrophic, congestive, and restrictive).

PMID- 6447414
TI  - [Significance of the immune complex reaction in internal medicine].
AB  - A review is given concerning occurrence, identification, and pathogenetic effects
      of immune complexes. The formation of immune complexes by interaction of antigen
      with antibody, is a component of the normal immune response. In cases with
      inefficient clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system only, pathological
      consequences will be expected, in particular by immune complexes formed with
      moderate excess of antigen. For the identification of immune complexes in
      biological fluids many methods have been developed. The methods are based mostly
      on biological activities of immune complexes, e.g. interaction with complement or
      rheumatoid factor and reactivity with cellular receptors. These antigen
      nonspecific methods do not allow to discriminate between true immune complexes
      and nonspecifically aggregated immunoglobulins. Circulating immune complexes
      become fixed to basement membranes of the body. They can produce an acute
      inflammatory reaction by activation of complement and inflammatory cells and also
      interfere with the immune response. Circulating immune complexes have been
      detected in some human diseases, e.g. autoimmune diseases (LEV, RA), infectious
      diseases, malignancies, serum sickness syndrome, immune-complex
      glomerulonephritis, and after transplantation. The possibilities for management
      of immune complex diseases are discussed.

PMID- 6447415
TI  - [Wilson's disease in the German Democratic Republic. III. Diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - Taking into consideration the manifold symptomatology of Wilson's disease on the
      one hand and the necessity of an early--possibly already at the asymptomatic
      stage before the 6th year of life--diagnostic ascertainment on the other hand,
      the diagnostic approach performed in the GDR is described. Furthermore, the
      directives of treatment and the successes of treatment are discussed as well as
      the various side-effects of the D-penicillamine therapy described, in which case
      the severe nephrotic syndromes are particularly considered.

PMID- 6447416
TI  - [The importance of intra-abdominal adhesions for laparoscopy].
AB  - The explorative laparoscopy has changed the attitude to certain
      contraindications. Concretions are of importance for the disposition of the
      penumoperitoneum and for the inspection. Their view is variable and is of
      importance only after larger intraabdominal interventions. In 218 laparoscopies
      performed we found 55 times concretions, of them important ones in three fourths.
      In 90% additional diagnostic points of view could be got.

PMID- 6447417
TI  - [Cystic acne and clinocomptodactyly in Klinefelter's syndrome (46XY/47 XXY
      mosaic)].
AB  - Klinefelter's syndrome was found in a 18 year old patient, suffering for four
      years from nodulocystic acne. Serum gonadotropins were within normal range, while
      histology of the testes revealed beginning tubular hyalinization. The case report
      shows that young patients with Klinefelter's syndrome may present symptoms that
      seem to exclude this syndrome. Furthermore, our patient exhibited
      klinokamptodaktylia of hands and feet, a congenital anomaly occurring very rarely
      in Klinefelter's syndrome.

PMID- 6447418
TI  - [Antibacterial effect of an erythromycin-containing topical preparation on the
      auxanogram test].

PMID- 6447419
TI  - [UV-sensitivity of the skin in rosacea].

PMID- 6447420
TI  - Tropomyosin-troponin-induced changes in the partitioning of free energy release
      of actomyosin-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis as measured by ATP-phosphate exchange.
AB  - ATPase activity and ATP-Pi exchange of unregulated (without tropomyosin-troponin)
      and regulated (with tropomyosin-troponin) acto-HMM were measured in media
      containing 0.2 mg/ml actin, HMM, and (when present) tropomyosin-troponin, 2 mM
      MgCl2, 10 mM KCl, 2 mM NaN3, 10 mM Pi (pH 7.0), 3 MM ATP. The following mean
      values for ATPase activity and for the rate of incorporation of Pi into ATP (each
      per mg HMM and per min) were obtained: unregulated acto-HMM 0.33 mumol Pi and
      0.33 nmol Pi, regulated acto-HMM 0.54 mumol Pi and 1.06 nmol Pi. The ratio of Pi
      incorporation rate to ATPase activity was 1.01 x 10(-3) for unregulated and 2.02
      x 10(-3) for regulated acto-HMM. From these ratios and from the overall free
      energy change of ATP hydrolysis it was calculated that under the prevailing
      experimental conditions in unregulated acto-HMM 62% and in regulated acto-HMM 66%
      of the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis occurs after the release of phosphate
      from actomyosin. It is probably this part of the free energy change that is used
      by the muscle for the performance of work.

PMID- 6447421
TI  - [Evaluation of lymphocyte functional activity in a fungal infection according to
      autoradiographic data using 3H-thymidine].

PMID- 6447422
TI  - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of psoriasis in chronic alcoholism in the
      Polar regions].

PMID- 6447423
TI  - [Examination of the sexual partners of women receiving prophylactic
      antigonorrheal treatment].

PMID- 6447424
TI  - [Frequencies of red cell enzyme polymorphisms acP, ADA, AK, EsD, 6-PGD, and PGM1
      determined by parallel investigations of Turks and Germans living in the Lubeck
      area (author's transl)].
AB  - Gene frequencies for enzyme polymorphisms in the acP, ADA, AK, EsD, 6-PGD, and
      PGM1 systems were determined by a random sample (n = 281-556-575) Turks living in
      Lubeck. The results were compared with those of a parallel inquiry on Germans
      from Lubeck. The following gene frequencies were detected: (table: see text).

PMID- 6447425
TI  - [Periodicity in the rise and fall of the numbers of the principal Staphylococcus
      aureus phage groups].
AB  - The results of the phage typing of 5, 168 Staph. aureus strains isolated in a
      surgical hospital between 1959 and 1977 are analyzed for each year of this
      period. The wave of increase in the number of staphylococci belonging to phage
      group II which began, as discovered in this study, in 1965 and still showed no
      tendency towards decrease in 1977, as well as the periodicity of rises and falls
      in the number of staphylococci belonging to phage groups I and III are discussed
      and compared with the data contained in the literature. The authors come to the
      conclusion that Staph. aureus is subject to wave-like rises and falls in the
      number of strains belonging to the main phage groups of the species, and among
      them the strains belonging to phage groups I and III seem to be inversely related
      in respect of rises and falls in number, such changes occurring periodically at
      an interval of 10-12 years, while in the strains belonging to phage group II
      changes in number occur at a slower rate. The constant account of the percentage
      of phage groups I, II and III is recommended to ensure rational antibiotic
      therapy.

PMID- 6447426
TI  - [Optimization of anthrax vaccination on the basis of rational classification of
      populated sites].
AB  - The improved epidemiological situation requires the proper revision of the
      tactics used in vaccinating the population against anthrax. The important task
      lies in the optimization of the immunoprophylaxis of the rural population in
      accordance with the epizootologic situation in a given locality. To ensure
      correct orientation in choosing the groups of population to be vaccinated a
      rational classification of inhabited localities is proposed: they are classified
      as anthrax-free and anthrax-affected, and the latter fall into manifest,
      conditionally manifest, nonmanifest and unclassified. The use of the cartographic
      method based on this classification is recommended. The proposed vaccination
      tactics will allow to reduce the number of persons covered by immunoprophylaxis
      by 70-75%, making this coverage more exact, and to improve the epidemiological
      effectiveness of vaccination.

PMID- 6447427
TI  - [Syndrome of femorolumbar extension rigidity].
AB  - Under observation there were 43 patients aged 10 to 22 years and showing the
      syndrome of femorolumbar extension rigidity. On surgical verification it was
      found that 5 pateints had productive epiduritis, 20 protrusions and prolapses of
      the discs complicated with productive epiduritis in the lumbar division of the
      vertebral column; 11 had tumours in the lumbar, 3 in the thoracic, 3 in the
      cervical divisions of the vertebral column. The syndrome was frequently
      accompanied by dysplasia of the lumbar division. This syndrome is similar to
      meningeal contractures; it manifests in reflectory disturbances of the extensor
      tone, and can be classed with traction syndromes. An adequate treatment method
      consists in surgical mobilization of the spinal cord, its radicles, and the dural
      sac.

PMID- 6447429
TI  - Stereoscopic visualization of various morphological types of collagenous fibres.
AB  - The connective tissue fibres of various parts of different fascial and
      aponeurotic planes of the ventral abdominal walls of 26 albino rats were examined
      with the scanning electron microscopy. Five types of collagen fibres could be
      identified and visualized stereoscopically: (1) the fine network seen around the
      muscle fibres; (2) the loose collagenous bundles and their investing reticular
      network in the deep fasciae; (3) the wavy parallel bundles in the free part of
      the aponeuroses; (4) the dense mature collagenous bundles and matted collagenous
      masses in the attached part of the aponeursoes, and (5) the immature fine
      irregular fibrils seen during healing of wounds. The relationship between these
      various types and the process of fibrillogenesis of collagenous bundles is
      discussed. The functional significance of each type is also pointed out.

PMID- 6447428
TI  - Histochemical distribution and functional role of phosphatases, cholinesterase
      and succinic dehydrogenase in the gustatory epithelium and lingual glands of the
      rat.
AB  - The distribution pattern of cholinesterase, alkaline and acid phosphatases,
      adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in the various cellular
      constituents of the gustatory epithelium, taste buds and lingual glands of the
      rat was subjected to a detailed histochemical study. An attempt was made to
      explain the structural and functional relationship on the basis of the
      distribution of the enzymes in these regions of the rat tongue.

PMID- 6447430
TI  - Unusual translocation in Down syndrome.

PMID- 6447431
TI  - Biochemical changes in cat cerebrum produced by visual deprivation and specific
      stimulation.

PMID- 6447432
TI  - Potentiation of the effect of antidepressant drugs by tryptophan.

PMID- 6447433
TI  - Dopamine and noradrenaline in post-mortem brain in Huntington's disease and
      schizophrenic illness.

PMID- 6447434
TI  - Huntington's disease: clinical effects of a short-term treatment with pimozide.

PMID- 6447435
TI  - Role of serotonin (5-HT) in tolerance to ethanol and barbiturates.
AB  - Previously it has been shown that chronic administration of p-chlorophenylalanine
      (p-CPA), slowed the development of tolerance to ethanol, pentobarbital and cross
      tolerance development to ethanol in rats chronically treated with pentobarbital.
      These findings have been extended by the following observations: (1) p-CPA slowed
      the development of tolerance to barbital as measured by motor impairment on the
      moving belt test, without altering the acute response. (2) p-CPA also reduced the
      tolerance to barbital as measured by sleeping time, in animals chronically
      treated with pentobarbital. (3) Administration of L-tryptophan increased the rate
      of tolerance development to ethanol as measured by motor impairment and
      hypothermia. These results further confirm and extend the generality of our
      observations that 5-HT may be involved in the development of tolerance and cross
      tolerance to sedatives.

PMID- 6447436
TI  - Reversible effects of ethanol on E. coli.
AB  - Chronic exposure of E. coli to ethanol during growth resulted in major changes in
      lipid composition. These ethanol-induced changes, a decrease in the proportion of
      saturated fatty acids, are similar to those which occur following a shift to
      lower temperature. Products of ethanol metabolism such as acetaldehyde and
      acetate caused the opposite changes in fatty acid composition. In vivo studies
      using mutants blocked in lipid synthesis indicated that saturated fatty acid
      synthesis was the primary target leading to changes in bulk lipid fatty acid
      composition. This was confirmed in vitro and condensing enzyme II was identified
      as the probable site of ethanol inhibition. The acute affects of ethanol on the
      function of two membrane-bound enzymes, Mg++ATPase and lac permease were also
      examined. In both cases, cells grown in the presence of ethanol. In time-course
      studies, permease function was restored concurrently with changes in lipid
      composition. Mutants were isolated which were able to grow in the presence of
      high levels of ethanol. These mutants displayed exaggerated changes in lipid
      composition providing evidence that alcohol-resistance and fatty acid changes are
      related.

PMID- 6447437
TI  - Adjuvant-like effects of lithium on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

PMID- 6447438
TI  - Anti-suppressor cell effects of lithium in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6447439
TI  - Prevention of allograft rejection by induction of specific transplantation
      tolerance with immunomanipulation using total lymphoid irradiation.

PMID- 6447440
TI  - Uremic cardiomyopathy and pericarditis.

PMID- 6447441
TI  - The perils of occupational therapy in several special arenas of practice.

PMID- 6447442
TI  - [Milk and egg antigen specific serum IgE-levels in children with allergic
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - Milk- and egg-specific serum IgE levels of 62 respiratoric and/or skin allergic
      children have been measured. 8 (14,5%) from clinically milk- and 3 (13,6%) of 22
      egg-allergic children had abnormally high specific IgE globulin levels. The
      positive results were measured mostly in boys (10 boys from 11 positive
      patients). 4 children (28,5%) from 14 patients with allergic diseases having low
      IgA levels had abnormally high specific IgE concentrations. Authors suppose that
      the low positivity rate is caused--besides others--by the examined antigen's
      heterogeneity. The RAST with complex antigens is useful to diagnose only the
      extreme cases. Our data show the necessity of using purified antigens, to make
      this method more specific.

PMID- 6447443
TI  - [Experiences with the radioallergosorbent test in house dust allergy and
      bronchial asthma (author's transl)].
AB  - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) has been used for in vitro diagnosis of
      asthma. The paper reports about 70 investigations in 40 patients with house dust
      and mite allergy. In 75 p. c. the test was positive, especially in mite allergy.
      On the other hand increased total IgE levels only in about 50 p.c. correlated
      with positive case history and skin test results. After hyposensitization indeed
      a better correlation was found. --In conclusion RAST seems to be no alternative
      but a useful completion to the traditional diagnostic methods as skin test and
      provocations test especially in mite allergy and analogous situations, where
      provocation test is not usual.

PMID- 6447444
TI  - [Changes of reactivity of rabbit lymphocyte xenoantigens following hormone
      treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - The experiments were performed on 8 rabbits which had been applied
      Hydrocortisone, Agostilben, Agovirin or Neolutin and which were followed for
      changes of reactivity of lymphocyte xenoantigens using human cytotoxic
      polyspecific sera. During hormone administration lymphocyte polyreactivity
      appeared. With hormone application stopped (day 10 and 24) polyreactivity became
      lost and substantial weakening or total loss of cytotoxic reactivity appeared in
      rabbits which had been applied Hydrocortisone or Agostilben. On day 38
      polyreactivity of lymphocyte again appeared. The mechanisms of the origin of
      xenoantigenic modifications in rabbits are discussed. The results confirm the
      theory of the author about the modificating effect of hormones on lymphocyte
      antigens.

PMID- 6447445
TI  - [Effect of smoking on immune function (author's transl)].
AB  - Several tobacco antigens have been isolated inducing both precipitating and
      reaginic antibodies in humans and experimental animals. Chronic smoking leads to
      histological changes in the respiratory tract. --Alterations of humoral immunity
      have been demonstrated in the respiratory tract of smokers. Smoking may impair
      the systemic humoral immunity both in vitro and in vivo. Cell-mediated immunity
      are altered locally and systematically in smokers. --The clinical incidence of
      tobacco allergy is not sure, but there are evidences that allergic individuals
      are more sensitive to the nonspecific noxious effects of active or passive
      smoking than healthy individuals.

PMID- 6447446
TI  - Relationship between the house dust and mite allergen by immunochemical and
      clinical evidence.
AB  - This investigation was carried out to determine antigenic potency in extracts of
      house dust, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae and Aspergillus fumigatus with
      observation of precipiting antibodies in the serum of immunised rabbits. The
      titre of precipiting antibodies dependens on the mode of immunisation,
      preparation and concentration of antigens. Our investigations revealed that the
      house dust antigen comprises antigen of D. pteronyssinus, which can clarify the
      cross-reaction between the antiserum to the mite and antigens of the mite and
      house dust. The house dust allergen component is most probably present in second
      peak obtained by fractionation on Sephadex G 200, which was confirmed by double
      immunodiffusion with two precipitation lines. Fraction 2 of house dust is
      observed to bring about more pronounced skin reaction than fraction 1.

PMID- 6447447
TI  - The immunosuppressive effect of beta-[1-phenyl-5-bis(beta-chloroethyl)
      aminobenzimidazolyl-(2)]-DL-alanine (ZIMET 3164) on cell-mediated immunity in
      mice.
AB  - The potential immunosuppressive drug beta-[1-Phenyl-5-bis(beta-chloroethyl-5
      amino-benzimidazolyl-(2)]-DL-alanine (ZIMET 3164) was tested for its effect on
      cell-mediated immunity. The models "skin grafting" and "contact hypersensitivity"
      were used. --The results showed a marked prolongation of the mean survival time
      of the skin grafts and also a high depression of the contact hypersensitivity
      (delayed hypersensitivity) to picryl chloride. The immunosuppressive efficacy of
      ZIMET 3164 was higher than that of the reference compound cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 6447448
TI  - [Additive suppressive effect of Freund's complete adjuvant on the specific
      inhibition of anti-DNP immunoreaction (author's transl)].
AB  - Injection of DNP 38-Ficoll in 0,9 per cent saline causes a specific suppression
      of the secondary anti-DNP reaction in AJ-mice to the same antigen. This
      suppression is amplified by injection of the tolerogen in Freund's complete
      adjuvant (FCA) or by simultaneous injection of the tolerogen and FCA. --This
      additive suppressive effect of FCA is distinctly better if there are used small
      doses of tolerogen. Possible mechanisms interpreting these results are discussed.

PMID- 6447449
TI  - [Spontaneous production of mediators by mononuclear human blood cells (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Human mononuclear blood cells incubated in vitro without any intended stimulus
      produce lymphokine-like activities. Separated lymphocytes release a leukocyte
      migration stimulatory factor spontaneously. The spontaneous production of a
      leukocyte migration inhibitory factor in unstimulated cultures during the first
      20 hours needs for a cooperation between lymphocytes and monocytes. As well
      lymphocytes as enriched monocytes elaborate leukocyte chemotactic activity. --The
      spontaneous activation is caused by the increasing acidity of the culture medium
      following metabolic processes. The dextran sedimentation and the Ficoll content
      of the separation solution were without importance for the stimulation.

PMID- 6447450
TI  - T wave abnormalities in top-ranking athletes: effects of isoproterenol, atropine,
      and physical exercise.
AB  - Eight cases of top-ranking athletes with "repolarization disorders" are reported.
      All subjects were asymptomatic and were otherwise suited for excellent
      cardiovascular performances. Seven athletes did not show any evidence of heart
      disease. Seven had MVP (mitral valve prolapse). Umprompted variability of ECG
      tracings was observed in three cases. Both isoproterenol infusions (IS) and
      maximal physical effort (EX) normalized T wave (abnormalities in 100% of cases,
      while atropine (AT) was ineffective despite an increase in heart rate greater
      than that caused by IS. The authors emphasize the usefulness of combined use of
      the EX and IS tests in ascertaining the clinical significance of T wave changes
      in healthy athletes. A "neurogenic" mechanism is proposed by the authors for the
      pathogenesis of these T wave abnormalities. This hypothesis may explain the
      umprompted variability of ECG tracings and T wave normalization after maximal
      physical effort and isoproterenol infusion.

PMID- 6447451
TI  - Clinical vectorcardiography in adults. Part I.

PMID- 6447452
TI  - Clinical vectorcardiography in adults. Part 2.

PMID- 6447453
TI  - Ultrastructural study of a blood-muscle spindle barrier after systemic
      administration of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The permeability of the normal muscle spindle capsule to the entrance of an
      exogenous protein tracer was assessed by the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
      Adult mice were injected intravenously with a solution of HRP (MW 40,000). After
      varying intervals, ranging from two to 240 minutes, animals were perfused
      aortically with fixative, and anterior tibialis muscles were removed, processed,
      and examined. The results were evaluated by electron microscopic cytochemical
      techniques, and attention was directed to the movement of tracer and its
      relationship to the outer and inner capsule of the muscle spindle. HRP was first
      demonstrated in cytoplasmic vesicles crossing the continuous capillary
      endothelium supplying the muscle spindle, and was then detected in the
      interstitial space surrounding the outer capsule. In polar regions, HRP had
      entered the periaxial space by two minutes, and it was seen in cytoplasmic
      vesicles of the attenuated outer capsule. Later, HRP abutted the sarcolemma of
      intrafusal fibers, and by 12.5 minutes there was evidence of tracer in T-tubules
      of these muscle cells. Whereas at no time was tracer observed traversing any of
      the numerous intracellular junctions of the capsule, it appeared that polar
      regions were leaky and open-ended at their distal portions. The sensory
      equatorial zone was considerably less permeable to the entrance of tracer.
      Whereas HRP was visible intially in cytoplasmic vesicles of the subjacent
      capillary endothelium, it was not until 12.5 minutes that racer could be
      demonstrated within some vesicles of equatorial outer capsule cells. At later
      times, a small amount of HRP was observed in the equatorial periaxial space,
      where it was phagocytosed and finally sequestered by cells of the inner capsule
      as membrane-bound lysosomal deposits. Consequently, at no time was tracer
      incorported into either intrafusal fibers or their sensory nerve terminals. Thus,
      in contract to polar regions, the muscle spindle capsule in the equatorial zone
      appears to be effective in preventing the indiscriminate penetration of HRP from
      the bloodstream. This suggests dissimilar paths of tracer movement from the
      microvasculature into sensory and non-sensory regions of the muscle spindle.

PMID- 6447454
TI  - Cellular DNA content as a marker of neoplasia in man.

PMID- 6447455
TI  - Piperacillin therapy for serious bacterial infections.

PMID- 6447457
TI  - C-band polymorphism: comparison between trisomy 21 cases and mentally retarded
      controls.
AB  - C-banding was done prospectively on 50 Down syndrome (trisomy 21) cases and 50
      mentally retarded controls. Heterochromatin was quantitated by measuring the
      lengths of heterochromatin blocks and comparing these segments to the length of
      the short arm of chromosome 16 for 1, 9 and 16 heterochromatin, and to the total
      length of the Y chromosome for the Y heterochromatin in the distal long arm. For
      the first 30 individuals in each group, there was no difference in the mean
      lengths of C-band blocks of the 1, 9, 16 and Y chromosomes. For the total sample,
      there also was no difference between the trisomy 21 cases and controls in the
      number or size of pericentric inversions involving the heterochromatin blocks of
      chromosomes 1 and 9. Assuming random segregation of the parental C-band
      polymorphisms, this study gives no evidence for an association between such
      polymorphisms of the 1, 9, 16 and Y chromosomes and nondisjunction of chromosome
      21.

PMID- 6447456
TI  - Huntington disease: linkage analysis with age-of-onset corrections.

PMID- 6447458
TI  - Window for open laparoscopy.

PMID- 6447459
TI  - Fetal survival--what price. Presidential address.

PMID- 6447460
TI  - Puerperal laparoscopic sterilization.
AB  - One hundred sixty-eight cases of puerperal laparoscopic sterilization are
      presented. The operative technique, complications, and morbidity are discussed.
      Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in six patients (3.6%).
      Operative time (21 minutes) and postoperative stay (2.4 days) compared favorably
      with those of the concurrent series of 148 open postpartum ligations. It was
      concluded that puerperal laparoscopic sterilization in expert hands is a safe,
      viable alternative to laparotomy.

PMID- 6447461
TI  - Otomycosis in Burma, and its treatment.
AB  - Otomycosis of the auditory canal is common in Burma. Of 346 cases of otitis
      externa seen in a hospital outpatient clinic during two consecutive rainy
      seasons, 189 were due to fungus infection. Aspergillus species were the fungi
      isolated most frequently. Infection was most commonly due to self-manipulation.
      Itching and tinnitus were common complaints. Treatment by local cleansing and
      application of antifungal agents was effective, 10% 5-fluorocytosine ointment
      being most successful.

PMID- 6447462
TI  - Experimental and clinical use of polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts.

PMID- 6447463
TI  - [Present-day organization of obstetrical care in a rural locality].

PMID- 6447464
TI  - [Increase in the effectiveness of research on obstetrics and gynecology in the
      RSFSR].

PMID- 6447465
TI  - [The influence of arterial partial pressure of CO2 and of the arterial value of
      pH on the oxygen consumption of the whole body during extracorporal circulation
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 134 patients with coronary heart disease, with defects of the cardiac values or
      with inborn heart diseases were studied referring to the influences of the
      arterial partial pressure of CO2 and the arterial value of pH on oxygen
      consumption of the whole body during total hypothermic extracorporal circulation.
      Oxygen consumption of the whole body increases during respiratory or metabolic
      alkalosis whereas respiratory or metabolic acidosis decreases oxygen consumption
      significantly. These typical changes of oxygen consumption of the whole body
      during extraorporal circulation due to alkalosis or acidosis may be explained by
      different facts. Within the cellular area glycolysis is in relation of value for
      pH, and phosphofructokinase-reaction slows up due to ATP-level also in
      relationship of value for pH. In addition to cellular parameters hemodynamic
      parameters may explain the changes of oxygen consumption due to alkalosis and
      acidosis. Alkalosis effects a decrease of the total peripheral resistane whereas
      acidosis effects an increase of the total peripheral resistance. Peripheral
      oxygen consumption vaires in addition to other parameters in inverse proportion
      of the level of totalperipheral resistance.

PMID- 6447466
TI  - In vitro fermentation of feces from normal and chronically diarrheal horses.
AB  - Feces from 13 healthy horses and 8 horses with chronic diarrhea were subjected to
      an in vetro fermentation procedure that had been developed for rumen fluid.
      Fermentations were conducted over 6 hours in a closed system, with and without an
      essential amino acid (EAA) mixture being added to the basic starch-buffer medium.
      The addition of EAA caused no significant difference in results of fermentation
      of feces from healthy horses. For diarrheic animals, there was a significant (P
      less than 0.01) increase in gas and total volatile fatty acids production whether
      EAA were present or not, and alpha-amino nitrogen was utilized in significantly
      (P less than 0.01) greater amounts only if EAA was present. Fermentations were
      repeated on feces from five of the eight diarrheal horses after they had been
      treated with oral iodochlorhydroxyquin for 1 week, and had shown desirable
      clinical response. A significant difference was not shown between pre- and
      posttreatment fermentations, except for decreased butyrate production. The
      results are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic equine diarrhea is
      primarily a colonic disease and indicates that colonic maldigestion may, in part,
      be responsible for excess fecal water.

PMID- 6447467
TI  - Economic value and course of infection after treatment of cattle having a low
      level of nematode parasitism.
AB  - To determine whether it is economically advantageous to treat calves having
      inapparent parasitism, we conducted experiments from 1971 to 1976, involving more
      than 1,800 calves from 30 pens or lots, using formulations of thiabendazole,
      levamisole, and crufomate (ruelene). Differential egg counts, cultured larvae,
      and cultured parasitic stages were used to estimate the kind and degree of
      nematode parasitism. Differentiation of infective larvae consistently established
      Cooperia as the predominating (%) genus in all fecal samplings. Bunostomum, when
      initially present, decreased or disappeared, whereas Trichostrongylus increased;
      other genera fluctuated less consistently. These qualitative generic fluctuations
      were not primarily the result of treatment, but more likely were seasonal
      variation. Judged by average daily gain (ADG), anthelmintic treatment was
      statistically advantageous at one or more points during the observation periods
      in 10 of 13 treated groups. In seven treated groups, the observation periods were
      concluded with statistical advantage in ADG, whereas in three groups,
      compensatory gain by corresponding controls had neutralized earlier advantages.
      The comparative influence of the various anthelmintics was not consistent from
      year to year. When total cost/kilogram gain was calculated from feed efficiency
      measuremnts and other costs, economic treatment advantage was evident in seven of
      11 tests (7 of 10 treatment groups) from 1973 through 1976. This financial
      advantage, due primarily to feed efficiency and noted after 28 to 51 days,
      justified anthelmintic treatment. This advantage was not likely lost by the
      animals in subsequent periods (to 218 days) on pasture or in lots, since ADG
      indicated the treated calves performed either as well as, or better than, the
      nontreated controls. Considering all aspects of the study, the results indicate
      calves coming into Kansas from southern states and weighing 184 to 267 kg may
      possess a level of subclinical (symptomless) nematode parasitism that when
      treated will result in a response justifying expense for using anthelmintics.

PMID- 6447468
TI  - Dental care for the handicapped.

PMID- 6447469
TI  - Partial overlap of Ir gene-controlled responses to two proteins of limited
      relatedness: hen egg-white lysozyme and human lysozyme.
AB  - The plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to human lysozyme (HUL) is regulated by an
      Ir gene(s) located within the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. Mice
      of H-2a, H-2k, H-2v and H-2r haplotypes respond to HUL, whereas mice with H-2b, H
      2d, H-2q, H-2s and H-2u haplotypes fail to generate substantial anti-HUL PFC
      responses. In contrast, only mice carrying the H-2b and H-2s haplotypes are non
      responders to the distantly related hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEL). The major
      genetic control of the anti-HUL PFC response maps to the I-A subregion of the H-2
      complex with perhaps a minor influence by a gene mapping to the right of the I-B
      subregion. HUL and HEL induce a cross-reactive suppressor cell, directed against
      a particular determinant found on both lysozymes. Once generated, these antigen
      specific suppressor cells can affect the in vitro primary response to either
      lysozyme conjugated to sheep red blood cells. Despite this overlap, the strain
      distribution pattern of responsiveness is different for the two lysozymes. In the
      discussion, this was attributed to the MHC-related failure to process and/or
      present HEL to the HEL/HUL cross-reactive suppressor T cell in H-2q, d and u
      strains.

PMID- 6447470
TI  - Acne fulminans with inflammatory myopathy.
AB  - An 18-year-old man with acne fulminans developed an acute inflammatory myositis,
      an association not previously reported. The condition resolved with treatment
      using systemic corticosteroids.

PMID- 6447471
TI  - Energy transduction in chloroplasts: structure and function of the ATPase
      complex.

PMID- 6447472
TI  - Regulation and kinetics of the actin-myosin-ATP interaction.

PMID- 6447473
TI  - Therapy of obstetrical infections with moxalactam.
AB  - We evaluated moxalactam in 62 patients with puerperal or postabortal genital
      infections. In all patients, the initial dose was 6 g/day. In 84% of patients, we
      found anaerobes in genital specimens. Of aerobic isolates, only enterococci were
      resistant. Among anaerobes tested, only two isolates (a Clostridium leptum and a
      Bacteroides disiens) had minimal inhibitory concentrations of greater than or
      equal to microgram/ml. Good clinical responses occurred in 56 of 62 (90%).
      Moxalactam was well tolerated with little local irritation and minimal hepatic,
      renal, or hematological abnormalities.

PMID- 6447474
TI  - Mezlocillin for treatment of infections in cancer patients.
AB  - Mezlocillin, at a dose of 3 g intravenously over a 2-h period every 4 h, was used
      for the treatment of 92 episodes of documented infections in 75 myelosuppressed
      cancer patients. The response rate in 59 evaluable bacterial infections was 46%.
      Eight of 23 patients with septicemia (35%) responded. The response rates for
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, the three
      most common gram-negative infections, were 42, 64, and 70%, respectively.
      Mezlocillin was well tolerated; the only toxicity attributable to this antibiotic
      was a skin rash in one patient. The formation of a false-positive urine protein
      reaction by mezlocillin was noted. This study demonstrated that mezlocillin
      administered as a single agent was effective against some infections in
      myelosuppressed cancer patients. The response rate for Klebsiella sp. infections
      was especially encouraging. However, because it had limited or little activity
      against many infections, especially those caused by P. aeruginosa and
      Staphylococcus aureus, the general use of mezlocillin as a single agent for
      treatment of infections in immunocompromised cancer patients cannot be
      recommended.

PMID- 6447475
TI  - Susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to cefoperazone and other antibiotics.
AB  - Two hundred fifty clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria were tested for
      suceptibility to cefoperazone, cefamandole, cefoxitin, carbenicillin,
      clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. Anaerobic gram-positive cocci were susceptible
      to all of the antibiotics tested. Clindamycin was the most active agent against
      Bacteroides species, followed by chloramphenicol and then cefoxitin. Cefoperazone
      was less active than cefoxitin and equal in activity to carbenicillin.
      Cefamandole was the least active antibiotic against Bacteroides. B. distasonis,
      B. vulgatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. ovatus were more resistant to the
      antibiotics than B. melaninogenicus, B. oralis, or B. bivius. Clindamycin was the
      most active agent against Clostridium species, followed by chloramphenicol; the
      three cephalosporins and carbenicillin were about equal in activity. Clindamycin
      was the most active antibiotic against Fusobacterium species, followed by
      chloramphenicol, carbenicillin, and cefoperazone (which were about equally
      active) and then cefamandole.

PMID- 6447476
TI  - Branched-chain amino acid transport in Streptococcus agalactiae.
AB  - The transport of the branched-chain amino acids in Streptococcus agalactiae was
      characterized. Glucose-grown cells were able to utilize only glucose as an energy
      source for transport of L-leucine, whereas lactose-grown cells could utilize both
      glucose and lactose. It was determined from metabolic inhibitor studies that
      energy from glycolysis and substrate level phosphorylation was required for
      active transport. Energy was found to be coupled to transport by the action of
      adenosine triphosphatase and the generation of a proton motive force. The
      branched-chain amino acids were found to share a common transport system that may
      consist of multiple components.

PMID- 6447477
TI  - Nucleotide-induced conformations of myosin: a comparison of states formed with Mg
      epsilon ADP.

PMID- 6447478
TI  - Dynein 1 from rainbow trout spermatozoa: immunological similarity between trout
      and sea urchin dynein 1.

PMID- 6447479
TI  - Lipid-bound sugars in Rhizobium meliloti.

PMID- 6447480
TI  - Pathway for ATP synthesis by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase.

PMID- 6447481
TI  - Behavior therapy techniques in treatment of exfoliative dermatitis.
AB  - We report here a case study in which behavior therapy techniques were used to
      treat the persistent and severe scratching of a patient with long-standing
      exfoliative dermatitis. A multiple-baseline clinical design across different body
      areas was used to evaluate the behavioral treatment program. This program
      consisted of (1) training the patient to monitor his scratching behavior and to
      use an incompatible response and distraction procedure contingent on the
      occurrence of scratching, and (2) differential attention by the therapist, so
      that the therapist's attention was contingent on intervals of nonscratching, and
      the therapist ignored the patient when he did scratch. The results indicated that
      the program was effective in almost completely eliminating scratching when a
      variety of therapists were and were not present. This suggests that the
      procedures used might easily be taught to the nursing staff.

PMID- 6447482
TI  - Follicular occlusion disease with elimination of abnormal elastic tissue.
AB  - A case of follicular occlusion disease with notably increased and abnormal
      elastic tissue and transepidermal elimination of elastic fibers is reported. This
      combination of findings has traditionally been regarded as unique to elastosis
      perforans serpiginosa and, to our knowledge, has not previously been described in
      other follicular diseases. It is hypothesized that the histopathologic changes
      seen in this case might be a nonspecific secondary alteration in the dermis
      caused by long-standing chronic inflammation and/or repeated exposure of the
      dermis to follicular contents.

PMID- 6447483
TI  - Further studies on a new kallikrein inhibitor in human skin--its purification and
      characterization.
AB  - A new kallikrein inhibitor in human skin extract was further purified by
      successive column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite-cellulose,
      and p-cellulose. By these procedures, 0.7 mg of purified preparation was obtained
      from 10 g of original skin. The purified material was homogeneous, as confirmed
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      ultracentrifugation. It had an S20,w value of 4.2 and an apparent molecular
      weight of 57,000 as measured by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and was heat
      unstable. It possessed an inhibitory activity towards not only human plasma
      kallikrein, but also human urinary and pancreas kallikrein. It also exhibits
      antiplasmin and antithrombin activity. This kallikrein inhibitor was found to be
      immunologically distinct from alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, or Cl
      inhibitor.

PMID- 6447484
TI  - A study of anastomotic aneurysms following aortofemoral prosthetic bypass.
AB  - Between 1960--1979, 19 patients with aortofemoral prosthetic bypass for
      aneurysmal and/or occlusive disease subsequently developed 36 false aneurysms at
      the suture line, for an incidence of 4.5% (19/426 patients). The two major
      aneurysm sites were the femoral anastomosis 4.5% (33/727) patients), and the
      aortic anastomosis 0.7% (3/430 patients). Additionally, one patient with
      bilateral false aneurysms of the groin subsequently developed an aortoduodenal
      fistula. The initial operation was for aortoiliac occlusive disease in 14 and for
      abdominal aortic aneurysms plus severe occlusive disease in five. The false
      aneurysm(s) appeared three months to 17 years after the aortofemoral procedure.
      Eleven of 19 patients (57.9%) had multiple aneurysms (two to five) and developed
      both right and left groin aneurysms concomitantly or at different times. Suture
      failure was the major finding at operation. However, a common alternative finding
      was partial or near complete separation of the prosthesis from the host vessel
      and an intact suture line, thus indicating a structural weakness in the host
      vessel and/or severe mechanical stress, as the causative factor. One experience
      leads us to favor an aggressive surgical approach to these lesions. All false
      aneurysms were corrected as they were detected with good surgical results.

PMID- 6447485
TI  - Dacron interposition shunts for portal hypertension. An analysis of morbidity
      correlates.
AB  - Analysis of 79 Dacron interposition shunts performed at Emory University from
      1971 to 1977 identified a number of preoperative characteristics that correlate
      with short-term and long-term morbidity. Initial hospital mortality was related
      to the degree of elevation of the bilirubin and serum glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase (SGOT), to the presence of encephalopathy and to the urgency of the
      shunt procedure. Cumulative survival correlated best with the preoperative SGOT
      and bilirubin values, but other variables, including the Child's classification,
      preoperative encephalopathy, serum albumin, and the age of the patient at the
      time of operation, also exhibited significant associations. The hospital
      mortality of 13% and cumulative mortality of 48% in this series are in
      substantial agreement with similar reports in the literature. This experience
      differs widely from that described by most authors, however, in two other
      important respects: 1) significant hepatic encephalopathy has been observed in
      45% of these hospital survivors, and 2) almost one-quarter of these patients have
      experienced spontaneous shunt closure. Thus, major shunt related complications
      have occurred in 70% of the patients to date. This incidence of undesirable
      consequences raises a serious question concerning the continued use of the Dacron
      interposition shunt for elective portal decompression.

PMID- 6447486
TI  - Advances in the management of gastroschisis.
AB  - Twenty-eight cases of gastroschisis have been treated over a five-year period.
      Twenty-two silos were placed and 19 infants had uncomplicated silo closure.
      Enlargement of the abdominal wall defect to allow optimum reduction of the
      edematous bowel was essential to closure in less than a week. Rapid removal of
      the prosthesis and strict adherence to aseptic technique prevented septic
      complications. Inability to return the bowel to the abdominal cavity within five
      to six days mandated re-exploration to determine the cause for failure to reduce
      the silo. Accordingly, three infants were re-explored. Two patients had
      unrecognized intestinal lesions and a third infant, whose defect had not been
      enlarged, had infarction of the midgut. Six infants underwent primary closure;
      two with preinatal evisceration and four who had concomminant cutaneous
      enterostomies performed for intestinal atresia. Intestinal atresia or stenosis
      occurred in 25% of these infants. Postoperative management was facilitated by
      insertion of a gastrostomy tube, early peripheral venous nutrition and later
      insertion of a central venous catheter for nutrition. The one postoperative death
      (3.5% mortality rate) resulted from failure to follow the principles of silo
      management as outlined in this report.

PMID- 6447487
TI  - Evidence for supercoiling in the DNA of bacteriophage heads.

PMID- 6447489
TI  - [Condemned to live].

PMID- 6447488
TI  - [Acute skin disease due to staphylococcal infection (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixteen children with "scalded skin" due to staphylococcal infections are
      described  [six cases of staphylococcal scarlet fever, 6 cases of bullous
      impetigo and 4 cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's disease--of which
      Ritter's disease is only the neonatal manifestation)]. The clinical features of
      each of these conditions are described, the common feature being the severity of
      the pathological changes. The role of the exfoliating toxin secreted by the
      pathogenic staphylococci mostly belonging to phagegroup II, phagetype 3A, 3N, 3C,
      55 or 71) is emphasized. Treatment should be aimed at reducing secondary
      infection by strict asepsis and by eradicating staphylococci with appropriate
      antibiotic therapy. Corticosteroids have no beneficial effect. The outcome is
      good if these principles are applied strictly.

PMID- 6447490
TI  - Gait of children with Down syndrome.

PMID- 6447491
TI  - Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary activities and the ACRM.

PMID- 6447492
TI  - [Museum and library of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Saratov Medical
      Institute].

PMID- 6447493
TI  - [Comparative analysis of Rostov-on-the-Don autopsy materials during the pre- and
      postwar periods (proceedings)].
AB  - The data from the pathology departments of the city for two 15-year periods, pre-
      and postwar, are compared. Changes in the ratios of the main groups of diseases
      are noted: in the prewar period most prevalent were infectious diseases followed
      by tuberculosis, cardio-vascular diseases, and tumours. In the postwar period
      most frequent are cardiovascular diseases followed by tumours; infectious
      diseases and tuberculosis have become considerably less frequent.

PMID- 6447494
TI  - [Status of the pathologicoanatomic service of the Ministry of Public Health of
      the RSFSR in the 10th 5-Year Plan and its developmental prospects (proceedings)].

PMID- 6447495
TI  - [State of the blood microcirculatory vessels of the heart in congenital defects].
AB  - The condition of hemomicrocirculation vessels in congenital heart disease was
      studied by silver nitrate impregnation of thick sections. Adaptive and
      pathological alterations in the microcirculatory bed of the heart in various
      developmental anomalies are described. The role of adaptive alterations of
      terminal vessels in an abnormal heart in the blood supply to hypertrophic
      myocardium is shown. It is suggested that pathological alterations in the
      microcirculatory bed of an abnormally for-med heart are associated with its
      functional over loading and weakening of coronary circulation. It is concluded
      that degenerative, focal destructive, and sclerotic processes in hypertrophic
      myocardium in congenital heart disease may depend on disturbances of
      microcirculation in the heart.

PMID- 6447496
TI  - Histochemistry of fibres of masseter and temporalis muscles of edentulous monkeys
      Macaca mulatta.

PMID- 6447497
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in Russian Jewish immigrants.
AB  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Russian Jewish immigrants was found to be
      higher than the overall Australian prevalence. Some statistics are given in a
      small group, world literature is reviewed and suggestions given with respect to
      screening different ethnic groups.

PMID- 6447498
TI  - Deep dyspareunia.

PMID- 6447499
TI  - Picking up the bill.

PMID- 6447500
TI  - The Independent Living Centre (SA) Inc.

PMID- 6447501
TI  - [Conservative or operative treatment for chondropathia patellae?].
AB  - Results of the conservative and operative therapy in chondropathia patellae are
      reported. A high percentage of freedom from symptoms was achieved by
      physiotherapeutic measures and intra-articular Arteparon-injections.

PMID- 6447502
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a new fast-acting plasmin inhibitor
      from human platelets. Evidence for non-identity with the known plasma proteinase
      inhibitors.
AB  - An inhibitor of the plasma proteinase plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) was partially
      purified from washed and lysed human blood platelets by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation
      and affinity chromatrography on Sepharose-linked purified plasminogen. The
      material contained none of the known plasma proteinase inhibitors when studied by
      crossed-immunoelectrophoresis and electroimmunoassay, but inhibited a clot-lysis
      time assay and an esterolytic assay that used the synthetic substrate S-2251 (D
      Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide). The inhibitory activity had the same mobility as the
      alpha 2-plasma proteins on preparative agarose-gel electrophoresis. Titration of
      the inhibitor preparation by active-site-titrated plasmin demonstrated a
      dissociation constant of approx. 0.1 nM. The inhibition was complete within 1
      min. The inhibitor increased the mobility in agarose-gel electrophoresis of
      purified activator-free plasmin or 125I-labelled plasmin, as demonstrated by
      crossed-immunoelectrophoresis against specific immunoglobulins against
      plasminogen or by radioautography. The results strongly suggest the presence in
      platelets of a plasmin inhibitor different from the known plasma proteinase
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6447503
TI  - Stimulation of the alternative oxidase of Neurospora crassa by Nucleoside
      phosphates.
AB  - The alternative-oxidase-mediated succinate oxidase activity of Neurospora crassa
      decreases drastically when mitochondria are fractionated into submitochondrial
      particles or treated with deoxycholate. The activity, however, can be completely
      restored in the presence of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The purine nucleoside
      5'-monophosphates are more effective than the pyrimidine homologues. 5'-GMP gives
      a 10-fold stimulation of the alternative-oxidase-mediated succinate oxidase
      activity in submitochondrial particles. A comparison is made with the results
      obtained earlier with Moniliella tomentosa [Hanssens & Verachtert (1976) J.
      Bacteriol. 125, 825--835; Vanderleyden, Van Den Eynde & Verachtert (1980)
      Biochem. J. 186, 309--316].

PMID- 6447504
TI  - Inhibition of human elastase from polymorphonuclear leucocytes by a
      glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (Arteparon).

PMID- 6447505
TI  - Effects of benserazide, carbidopa and isoniazid administration on tryptophan
      nicotinamide nucleotide metabolism in the rat.

PMID- 6447506
TI  - Different H deficient phenotypes present in one kindred.
AB  - Two different H deficient phenotypes are observed in one kindred. Three of them
      in two generations of a same family appear as Bombay like. In the other branch of
      the kindred, an Hz phenotype (as described in the editorial of this issue) is
      observed. The most simple explanation is that the three Bombay like phenotypes
      correspond to Hz ABH non secretor (Hz sese) individuals, this being
      indistinguishable from a true Bombay. The high level of I antigen in the plasma
      of the three Bombay like (as observed in Hz in contrast to true Bombay) could
      favour such an hypothesis. According to ORIOL'S new hypothesis [5], III2, III3
      and IV2 would genetically be hh sese, III8 would be hh Se and the h Se would
      therefore be a recombining haplotype (the original haplotype being h se).

PMID- 6447507
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis in children].
AB  - Results of the diagnosis, evolution and treatment of a study performed during the
      last 6 years in 50 children, carriers of chronic hepatitis are reported; they
      were patients of the Pediatric service at the Institute of Gastroenterology,
      corresponding, 25 to the persistent variety, and the rest to the active.
      Diagnosis was made by clinical, biochemical, laparoscopic and hepatic
      histological aspects. The importance of diagnostic laparoscopy and its
      correlation with hepatic biopsy are indicated. The highest incidence corresponded
      to patients between 4 and 6 years and 10 and 11 years of age, with a predominance
      of females. In the persistent variety, normality was achieved with bedrest
      without the need of medicines. In the active variety, the treatment used was
      prednisone or its combination with azathioprine, when an adequate response was
      not obtained or initially in severe cases, obtaining normality in 20% of them
      with a histological picture of persistent in 16% of the cases and the disease
      being maintained in 64%, with variations from a degree of inactivity to a now
      satisfactory picture with a progressive evolution to hepatic cirrhosis. There is
      no mortality reported in the casuistics.

PMID- 6447508
TI  - Excessive tooth wear in a handicapped patient. A sophisticated method of
      restoration.

PMID- 6447509
TI  - Millisecond photo-cross-linking of protein components in vertebrate striated
      muscle thin filaments.
AB  - Troponin I (TnI) was reacted with a photosensitive heterobifunctional reagent,
      methyl 4-azidobenzimidate (ABI), and then troponin was reconstituted with the ABI
      modified TnI. Flash irradiation of the reconstituted troponin resulted in the
      formation of cross-links between TnI and other components of troponin, troponin C
      (TnC) and troponin T (TnT), suggesting that TnI is in contact with TnC and TnT
      when troponin is free in solution. No effect of calcium on the cross-linking
      could be detected. When the reconstituted troponin was complexed with F-actin
      tropomyosin, flash irradiation of the reconstituted then filament yielded the
      cross-linked products of TnC-TnI, TnI-TnT, and TnI-actin in the presence ans
      absence of calcium, indicating that TnI is in contact with TnC, TnT, and actin in
      the thin filament complex irrespective of calcium concentration. No cross-linking
      could be detected between TnI and tropomyosin. Calcium was found to affect the
      cross-linking of TnC-TnI and TnI-actin; when TnC was saturated with calcium, the
      extent of the TnC-TnI cross-linking increased, while that of the TnI-actin cross
      linking decreased. Calcium did not affect the TnI-TnT cross-linking.

PMID- 6447510
TI  - Evidence for a quantitative tissue-specific distribution of high mobility group
      chromosomal proteins.
AB  - The quantitative tissue specificity of the high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal
      proteins was investigated. Perchloric acid (PCA) extracts of four different
      chicken tissues and erythrocytes contained three proteins which comigrated on
      NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gels with the HMG's 1,2, and E from erythrocyte nuclei.
      These three HMG's from embryonic skeletal muscle and erythrocytes also comigrated
      on two-dimensional gels, employing an acid-urea system in the first dimension and
      an NaDodSO4 system in the second. Interpretation of the two-dimensional gels
      suggested that the two low molecular weight proteins of this triplet arose from
      the HMG 2 band of the acid-urea gels. These have been designated HMG 2A and HMG
      2B. Three proteins of similar molecular weights were also found in the PCA
      extracts of calf thymus. They were arranged in a similar but not identical
      pattern on two-dimensional gels. Thus, these three HMG's appear to be neither
      tissue nor species specific. In addition, the 2.0% PCA extracts of all chicken
      tissues examined contain a 38 000-dalton (38K) nuclear protein which coisolates
      with the HMG's. These four proteins are found in different relative amounts in
      each of the four chicken tissues and erythrocytes. They are found in the same
      relative amounts, however, in embryonic skeletal muscles from different chicken
      strains with widely different highly repetitive sequence content, suggesting that
      none of these individual proteins is selectively localized to constitutive
      heterochromatin. The quantitative tissue specificity of the HMG's and the 38K
      protein, however, suggests that they may participate in regulating cell-specific
      gene expression.

PMID- 6447511
TI  - Dissociation between Ca2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities in plasma
      membranes of rat duodenum.
AB  - The presence of Ca2+-ATPase activities with high-affinity sites for Ca2+ in brush
      border as well as basolateral plasma membranes of rat duodenal epithelium has
      been reported previously (Ghijsen, W.E.J.M. and van Os, C.H. (1979) Nature 279,
      802-803). Since both plasma membranes contain alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1),
      which also can be stimulated by Ca2+, the substrate specificity of Ca2+-induced
      ATP-hydrolysis has been studied to determine whether or not alkaline phosphatase
      and Ca2+-ATPase are two distinct enzymes. In basolateral fragments, the rate of
      Ca2+-dependent ATP-hydrolysis was greater than that of ADP, AMP and p
      nitrophenylphosphate at Ca2+ concentrations below 25 muM. At 0.2 mM Ca2+ the
      rates of ATP, ADO, AMO and p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis were not
      significantly different. In brush border fragments the rates of ATP, ADP and AMP
      hydrolysis were identical at low Ca2+, but at 0.2 mM Ca2+, Ca2+-induced
      hydrolysis of ADO and AMO was greater than either ATP or p-nitrophenylphosphate.
      Alkaline phsophatase in brush border and basolateral membranes was inhibited by
      75% after addition of 2.5 mM theophylline. Ca2+-stimulated ATP hydrolysis at 1
      muM Ca2+ was not sensitive to theophylline in basolateral fragments while the
      same activity in brush border fragments was totally inhibited. At 0.2 mM Ca2+,
      Ca2+-induced ATP hydrolysis in both basolateral and brush border membranes was
      sensitive to theophylline. Oligomycin and azide had no effect on Ca2+-stimulated
      ATP hydrolysis, either at low or at high Ca2+ concentrations. Chlorpromazine
      fully inhibited Ca2+-stimulated ATP hydrolysis in basolateral fragments at 5 muM
      Ca2+, while it had no effect in brush border fragments. From these results we
      conclude that, (i) Ca2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase are two distinct enzymes,
      (ii) high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase is exclusively located in basolateral plasma
      membranes, (iii) alkaline phosphatase activity, present on both sides of duodenal
      epithelium is stimulated slightly by low Ca2+ concentrations, but this Ca2+
      induced activity is inhibited by theophylline and shows no specificity with
      respect to ATP, ADP or AMP.

PMID- 6447512
TI  - Amino acid transport in plasma membrane vesicles from isolated rat liver
      parenchymal cells.
AB  - Plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from isolated rat liver parenchymal cells.
      The transport of several amino acids was studied and found to be identical to
      that in membrane vesicles from whole liver tissue.

PMID- 6447513
TI  - Inhibition of red cell Ca2+-ATPase by vanadate.
AB  - 1. The Mg2+- plus Ca2+-dependent ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) in human red cell membranes
      is susceptible to inhibition by low concentrations of vanadate. 2. Several
      natural activators of Ca2+-ATPase (Mg2+, K+, Na+ and calmodulin) modify
      inhibition by increasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for vanadate. 3.
      Among the ligands tests, K+, in combination with Mg2+, had the most pronounced
      effect on inhibition by vanadate. 4. Under conditions optimal for inhibition of
      Ca2+-ATPase, the K 1/2 for vanadate was 1.5 microM and inhibition was nearly
      complete at saturating vanadate concentrations. 5. There are similarities between
      the kinetics of inhibition of red cell Ca2+-ATPase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase prepared
      from a variety of sources; however, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase is approx. 3 times more
      sensitive to inhibition by vanadate.

PMID- 6447514
TI  - Vanadate inhibition of the Ca2+-ATPase from human red cell membranes.
AB  - (1) VO3(-) combines with high affinity to the Ca2+-ATPase and fully inhibits Ca2+
      ATPase and Ca2+-phosphatase activities. Inhibition is associated with a parallel
      decrease in the steady-state of the Ca2+-dependent phosphoenzyme. (2) VO3(-)
      blocks hydrolysis of ATP at the catalytic site. The sites for VO3(-) also exhibit
      negative interactions in affinity with the regulatory sites for ATP of the Ca2+
      ATPase. (3) The sites for VO39-) show positive interaactions in affinity with
      sites for Mg2+ and K+. This accounts for the dependence on Mg2+ and K+ of the
      inhibition by VO3(-). Although, with less effectiveness, Na2+ and K+ substitutes
      for K+ whereas Li+ does not. The apparent affinites for Mg24 and K+ for inhibiton
      by VO3(-) seem to be less than those for activation of the Ca2+-ATPase. (4)
      Inhibition by VO3(-) is independent of Ca2+ at concentrations up to 50 microM.
      Higher concentrations of Ca2+ lead to a progressive release of the inhibitiory
      effect of VO3(-).

PMID- 6447515
TI  - Specificity of the spermidine requirement for the replication of phi X174 DNA be
      cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A new experimental approach for assessing the biological significance of
      spermidine interactions in isolated systems is applied to the stimulation by
      spermidine of the conversion of phi X174 virion DNA to its replicative form by
      cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. At 2.5 mM Mg2+, spermidine activated the
      reaction 20-fold. Varying the spermidine concentration affected both the rate and
      extent of this DNA synthetic reaction without altering the nature of the reaction
      products. We evaluated the biological significance of the spermidine requirement
      by measuring reaction rates in the presence of a homologous series of spermidine
      analogs of known activity in vivo. There was a lack of specificity, in that all
      of these analogs were capable of efficiently substituting for spermidine in
      stimulating the reaction rate. The relevance of this in vitro spermidine
      stimulation to Escherichia coli chromosome replication in vivo is discussed in
      light of the results obtained with the spermidine analogs.

PMID- 6447516
TI  - Crystalline actin tubes. I. Is the conformation of the lanthanide-induced actin
      tube monomer more like F-actin than G-actin?
AB  - Actin, isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle, forms highly-ordered aggregates when
      it binds six moles of the lanthanide ion, Gd3+. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl,
      these aggregates are referred to as actin tubes. The monomer contained in the
      repeating subunit of these tubes possess a number of functional characteristics
      which include: (i) binding to myosin or subfragment-1 of myosin; (ii) rapid
      conversion into filamentous Gd-actin which can activate myosin ATPase activity;
      (iii) a slow rate of exchange of the bound nucleotide; (iv) a slow rate of
      exchange of the metal cation; (v) a resistance to digestion by proteolytic
      enzymes. Additionally, the monomer of the Gd-actin tube structures appears to
      stoichiometrically bind ATP and exhibit a lower minimum protein concentration for
      tube formation than is needed for the formation of F-actin. The properties listed
      above suggest that the actin monomer, which comprises the Gd-actin tubes, bears
      little resemblance to either the G-actin monomer or the recently-described actin
      monomer conformation that exists under conditions that favour polymerization. The
      data suggest that the actin molecules which comprise the Gd-actin tube structures
      contain sites which bind myosin, nucleotide and metal cations and that these
      sites are similar to the sites on F-actin.

PMID- 6447517
TI  - [Structure-function rearrangements in the calcium-activated ATPase of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum studied by its own fluorescence].

PMID- 6447518
TI  - [Postembyonic development of Syngamus skrjabinomorpha Ryjikov, 1948 (Nematoda,
      Syngamidae)].

PMID- 6447519
TI  - Radial blood velocity in the canine aortic arch.

PMID- 6447520
TI  - Multiplexed Doppler velocimetry.

PMID- 6447521
TI  - Noninvasive pulsed Doppler blood velocity measurements and calculated flow in
      human digital arteries.

PMID- 6447522
TI  - Enhancement of antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide by thaliblastine in Lewis
      lung carcinoma and L1210 leukemia in mice.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CY) was tested in combination with the thalictrum alkaloid
      named thaliblastine (TBL) for therapeutic activity against early Lewis lung
      carcinoma and early L1210 leukemia in mice. TBL alone had no activity whereas
      therapy with CY and TBL was significantly better than with CY alone. The
      therapeutic potentiation resulting from the combination of CY and TBL is
      apparently due to the different mechanisms of action and the pharmacological
      behavior of the two agents.

PMID- 6447523
TI  - [Effect of nicotinamide on epileptic activity in the cerebral cortex].
AB  - The experiments on cats showed that intravenous administration of nicotinamide
      suppresses the epileptic activity in a solitary epileptic focus as well as in the
      complex of epileptic foci produced by strychnine application to various cortical
      zones under the influence of the most powerful focus that plays the role of a
      determinant. After the intravenous injection of nicotinamide (50-70 mg/kg) the
      complex was destabilized and broken down. The epileptic activity in the dependent
      foci of the complex disappeared first in the more remote from the determinant
      focus and then in the nearer one. The determinant focus was the last to
      disappear. The inhibitory effect of nicotinamide is associated with antiepileptic
      activity. Nicotinamide is suggested to be one of the endogenous drugs which may
      suppress brain hyperactivity and activate the antiepileptogenic system.

PMID- 6447524
TI  - [Functional activity of T- and B-lymphocytes in thermal burns].
AB  - The functional activity of B and T (helpers and suppressors) lymphocytes was
      studied in mice with thermal injury covering an area of 10 and 30% of the body
      surface. Following 10% burn the activity of B lymphocytes and T helpers increased
      while that of T suppressors dropped down. Insufficiency of T lymphocyte function
      developed after vast injury. At the same time B cells maintained their ability to
      form antibodies against sheep red blood cells.

PMID- 6447525
TI  - Impaired mononuclear cell tissue factor generation in patients with
      immunodeficiency diseases.

PMID- 6447526
TI  - Plasmic degradation of crosslinked fibrin. I. Structural analysis of the
      particulate clot and identification of new macromolecular-soluble complexes.
AB  - Plasmic degradation of crosslinked fibrin has been studied to identify the
      proteolytic cleavages that convert the clot into a soluble lysate and also to
      identify the derivatives that are likely to circulate during clot dissolution.
      Initial polypeptide chain cleavages do not disrupt the solid clot matrix. With
      continued exposure to plasmin, high molecular weight derivatives are produced
      that remain attached to the clot by noncovalent forces. Further degradation then
      results in the liberation into solution of several large, noncovalently bound
      complexes. Progressive degradation of the largest, initially liberated complexes
      to the terminal derivatives, DD/E, DD, and E, occurs in solution after their
      release from the clot. As the fibrin clot is exposed to plasmin for longer
      intervals, progressive dissolution occurs, but the structure of the covalently
      bound insoluble fibrin core, the noncovalently attached derivatives, and the
      liberated complexes remains constant. Since much of the initially liberated
      protein is in complexes larger than DD/E, these derivatives probably represent
      the more prevalent plasmic degradation products of crosslinked fibrin in vivo.

PMID- 6447527
TI  - Simulation of murine granulopoiesis.
AB  - A mathematical model of granulocyte formation and its regulation has been made,
      using three negative feedback loops (i.e., two "chalone loops" and one
      "leucocytosis-inducing factor loop", as well as a short-lasting signal to cell
      division, induced by cell death. Experimental regeneration curves obtained after
      treating mice with two injections of cyclophosphamide or with one injection of
      vinblastine were reasonably well simulated. The simulations suggested that (i)
      immature granulocytes have a considerable capacity for additional mitoses (self
      renewal); (ii) if an inhibitor of cell multiplication (chalone) is an important
      regulatory factor, it may be produced not only by mature, but also by immature
      granulocytes; and (iii) chalone may affect maturation times as well as generation
      times. It is possible to test experimentally these and other deductions mode from
      the model.

PMID- 6447528
TI  - Backache in oarsmen.
AB  - There has been an increase in complaints of backache amongst oarsmen recently. It
      is suggested that backache is related to the training programme and the modern
      style of rowing and that the rotational forces of rowing are responsible for the
      symptoms. An approach to the management of the problem is suggested.

PMID- 6447529
TI  - Study of symptoms in middle life with special reference to the menopause.
AB  - In an attempt to clarify the nature of the "menopausal syndrome" a survey of
      symptoms was carried out by means of postal questionnaires in a population sample
      of 1120 women and 510 men. Special care was taken to avoid letting the
      participants know that the survey was mainly concerned with the menopause.
      Response rates were 72% for women and 68% for men. Analysis of patterns of
      symptoms by age and sex showed that peaks of prevalence of flushing and sweating
      were closely associated with the mean age of menopause, coinciding with it or
      occurring a little after it. Less impressive peaks of prevalence of a group of
      minor mental symptoms were associated with an age just preceding the mean age of
      menopause. Complaints about aching breasts, irritability, and low backache
      diminished after the menopause. No association with the menopause was found for
      various other symptoms. The results of this study support the view that the
      menopausal syndrome exists but do not, of course, provide any evidence concerning
      the effectiveness (or safety) of hormone treatment.

PMID- 6447530
TI  - Purpuric rash due to epsilon-aminocaproic acid.

PMID- 6447531
TI  - Children in wheelchairs.
AB  - Three hundred and seventy-five families replied to a questionnaire about the use
      of their disabled children's wheelchairs. Many problems were found, such as
      difficulty in folding the chair and placing it in the car boot and difficulty in
      using pulbic transport. These families need adequate guidance to anticipate and
      deal with the problems. Provision of a wheelchair does not solve the mobility
      problems. The parents are faced with the task of transporting both the disabled
      child and the wheelchair whenever they want to use their own car or public
      transport. Ease of folding and lightness are important criteria for wheelchairs
      carried by cars. Parents need careful guidance about selecting suitable cars and
      also need to be shown how to lift the chairs without endangering their backs.
      Such advice should be provided by every wheelchair clinic and assessment and
      rehabilitation certre.

PMID- 6447532
TI  - Reduction in cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia in
      Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6447533
TI  - Comparison of haemodynamic effects of anaesthetic doses of alphaprodine and
      sulfentanil in the dog.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of equi-anaesthetic doses of alphaprodine and
      sulfentanil were evaluated in mongrel dogs ventilated mechanically. The effects
      of the addition of atropine were assessed for each drug, as were the effects of
      breathing nitrous oxide 60 per cent with oxygen and nitrogen 60 per cent with
      oxygen and the administration of naloxone. The results of this study demonstrate
      that anaesthetic doses of sulfentanil produce little change in cardiovascular
      dynamics in atropinized dogs and only small changes in dogs without atropine
      premedication, irrespective of the infusion rate. In contrast alphaprodine causes
      a significant cardiovascular depression irrespective of the presence or absence
      of atropine premedication. Naloxone reversed the anaesthetic effects in all dogs
      anaesthetized with alphaprodine but did not reverse the anaesthetic state in any
      dog given sulfentanil. Our data suggest that sulfentanil deserves evaluation as a
      narcotic anaesthetic in man.

PMID- 6447534
TI  - Guanosine metabolism in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Two aspects of guanosine metabolism in Neurospora have been investigated. (a) The
      inability of adenine mutants (blocked prior to IMP synthesis) to use guanosine as
      a nutritional supplement; and (b) the inhibitory effect of guanosine on the
      utilization of hypoxanthine as a purine source for growth by these mutants.
      Studies on the utilization of guanosine indicated that the proportion of adenine
      derived from guanosine may be limiting for the growth of adenine mutants. In wild
      type, adenine is produced through the biosynthetic pathway when grown in the
      presence of guanosine. The amount of adenine produced through the de novo
      biosynthesis in wild type increases with increasing concentrations of guanosine
      in the medium. However, the total purine synthesis does not increase. Guanosine
      inhibits the uptake of hypoxanthine severely. In addition, guanosine and its
      nucleotide derivatives also inhibit the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
      activity, at the same time stimulating the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
      activity. Guanosine's effects on the uptake of hypoxanthine and its conversion to
      the nucleotide form may be the reasons why guanosine inhibits the utilization of
      hypoxanthine but not adenine by these mutants.

PMID- 6447535
TI  - The pH dependence of xanthine oxidase catalysis in basic solution.
AB  - The steady-state kinetics of the oxidation of the following six heteroaromatic
      substrates by xanthine oxidase have been investigated over the range pH 9.0--11.1
      at 25 degrees C, ionic strength 0.1: 1-methylquinolinium, 6-methoxy-1
      methylquinolinium, 1-methylnicotinamide, 3-acetyl-1-methylpyridinium, and 1-(4
      methoxyphenyl)pyridinium cations and 1-methylnicotinate zwitterion. For the first
      four o these species, kc and Km were evaluated as a function of pH while only
      kc/Km was accessible in the latter two cases. Where available, kc is pH
      independent, whereas plots of log log (kc/Km) vs. pH are linear with slopes in
      the range 0.54--1.17. The rates of enzymic oxidation of the 1-methylquinolinium
      cation and its 2-deuterio derivative were investigated and kinetic isotope
      effects were calculated at pH 9.8 and 10.6: kcH/kcD = 1.7 and KmH/KmD = 0.4 at
      each pH. Detailed comparisons of the oxidation of heteroaromatic cations and
      xanthine-derived substrates indicate that similar rate-determining steps control
      the enzymic oxidations of these two classes of substrate.

PMID- 6447536
TI  - Cold-sensitive mutant with defective growth at 5 degrees C from a psychrotrophic
      bacterium.
AB  - A cold-sensitive (CS) mutant of the psychrotroph, Bacillus psychrophilus, was
      obtained by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenization and penicillin
      counterselection. In the presence of citrate, the wild-type grew well at both 5
      and 20 degrees C whereas the CS mutant grew well at 20 degrees C (the permissive
      temperature) but, at 5 degrees C (the restrictive temperature), grew at a reduced
      rate for two to three generations followed by a complete plateau in growth. Upon
      return of the CS mutant to 20 degrees C, after a delay of about 40 h, growth
      resumed at the appropriate rate. The CS mutant exhibited growth rates similar to
      parental rates on a wide variety of carbon sources at 5 degrees C, but when Krebs
      cycle intermediates were used as substrates and in the presence of an equimolar
      amount of citrate, the typical cold-sensitive growth pattern occurred. Comparison
      of oxidative phosphorylation in the parent and CS mutant indicated that no
      phosphorylation occurred at 5 degrees C in the CS mutant during the plateau in
      growth. Examination of the effect of temperature on ATPase activity showed that
      at 5 degrees C the specific activity of ATPase isolated from the CS mutant grows
      at 5 degrees C was 15-fold less than the ATPases isolated from wild-type cells
      grown at either 5 or 20 degrees C and 10.5-fold lower than ATPase from CS mutant
      cells grown at 20 degrees C. The large reduction in CS mutant ATPase activity at
      5 degrees C appears to be at least partly due to an effect on synthesis since
      citrate did not inhibit preformed ATPase.

PMID- 6447537
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy in the streptozotocin diabetic rat.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of the sympathetic ganglia, dorsal sympathetic chain,
      and Auerbach's plexus is described in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. The
      observations cover the first six weeks following induction of diabetes.
      Degenerative changes began to appear in the axonal plasma membranes and axoplasm
      of unmyelinated fibers at 24 hours and were widespread by two weeks. Axonal
      sprouting and regenerating axons began to appear and increase in number through
      the 6th week. Chromatolysis in ganglion cells in sympathetic ganglia became
      apparent by two weeks as did degenerative changes in axons of Auerbach's plexus.
      This somewhat later appearance of changes in ganglion cells and Auerbach's plexus
      suggested the primary changes occurred in the postganglionic fibers. The cycle of
      change from degeneration to regeneration in the areas examined suggests either a
      possible toxic effect of streptozotocin or a combination of metabolic
      disturbances as a cause of this neuropathy.

PMID- 6447538
TI  - A combined approach to a medical problem. The Canadian back education unit.
AB  - The Canadian Back Education Unit represents a team approach to a medical problem.
      Orthopedic surgeons, psychiatrists, psychologists and physiotherapists give a
      course of four lectures to patients with low back pain. The patients are taught
      the anatomy and physiology of their pain, proper postures and exercise, the way
      in which emotions can complicate their physical problem, and relaxation
      techniques. Of 934 completing the six-month review course, 77% rated themselves
      as improved and 96% felt the course had been helpful. There was also found to be
      a 62% decrease in the number of patients seeing doctors about their back pain. It
      is felt that this is a method by which psychiatrists, orthopedic surgeons and
      paramedical personnel are able to work together to provide an effective and cost
      efficient way of helping patients cope with a chronic physical problem.

PMID- 6447539
TI  - Skin rashes associated with the administration of the 2-nitroimidazole,
      misonidazole.
AB  - Misonidazole, a 2-nitroimidazole, is receiving extensive trial as a
      radiosensitizing drug in the treatment of patients with malignant disease. Drug
      sensitivity rashes have been observed and the collected cases from three centers
      are reported. Of a total of 380 patients there were five (1.3%) instances of
      definite rash and ten (2.6%) instances of observed rash. These figures are
      compared with the incidence of sensitivity rashes with other drugs in the
      nitroimidazole group.

PMID- 6447540
TI  - Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve with and without asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy. Role of left ventricular posterior wall motion.
AB  - Abnormal systolic anterior (SAM) motion of the mitral valve without asymmetric
      hypertrophy of the interventricular septum was observed in 16 patients (group 1).
      5 of the 16 patients had no other evidence of heart disease and the remaining 11
      had a variety of cardiac disorders. Left ventricular dimensions, septal and
      posterior wall thickness, left ventricular ejection fraction, the mean velocity
      of circumferential fiber shortening, and the mean velocity of the posterior wall
      and septal contraction was measured by echocardiography in all patients in group
      1. These measurements were compared with similar measurements in 14 patients with
      idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (group 2) and in 11 normal subjects
      (group 3) to evaluate the role of the left ventricular contractility with
      particular reference to the left ventricular posterior wall motion in production
      of SAM. All patients with SAM (groups 1 and 2) showed significantly higher
      indexes of left ventricular contractility, particularly posterior wall velocity,
      and normalized mean posterior wall velocity, when compared to the normal
      subjects. The significantly higher posterior wall and the normalized mean
      posterior wall velocities in all patients with SAM suggest that the exaggerated
      systolic anterior motion of the left ventricular posterior wall plays an
      important role in production of SAM in the presence or absence of asymmetric
      septal hypertrophy.

PMID- 6447541
TI  - Atrial specific granules of the human auricle in embryogenesis, tissue culture,
      and hypertrophy.
AB  - The ultrastructure of atrial specific granules of the human auricle has been
      studied in myoblasts of 8-12 week embryos, in myoblasts cultured for 15 days, and
      in cells of the hypertrophied juvenile and adult atrium. The granules of young
      myoblasts and those of cultured cells are fairly evenly distributed throughout
      the sarcoplasm. Myocytes of the hypertrophied juvenile auricle show structural
      characteristics indicative of granule formation. Structural evidence of
      exocytosis has not been observed in either of the tissues studied. In the
      cultured and the hypertrophied tissue the granules are structurally well
      preserved even in areas with extensive intracellular lysis.

PMID- 6447542
TI  - DNA packaging by the double-stranded DNA bacteriophages.

PMID- 6447543
TI  - Cell-mediated lympholysis by sheep lymphocytes. Studies on neonatal and maternal
      lymphocytes during 6 months after delivery.

PMID- 6447544
TI  - Selective suppression of the murine autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by
      physiological concentrations of hydrocortisone: effects on cell-surface Ia
      antigens.

PMID- 6447545
TI  - Adjuvant-induced nonspecific supressor cells: in vitro and in vivo studies.

PMID- 6447546
TI  - In vitro alloreactivity of mouse bone marrow lymphocytes.

PMID- 6447547
TI  - The regulatory effect of histamine on the immune response: characterization of
      the cells involved.

PMID- 6447548
TI  - [Practical training in social hygiene and the organization of health care - an
      important part in the education of the future physician].

PMID- 6447549
TI  - Fluorophotometric enzyme immunoassay of neocarzinostatin using peroxidase as a
      label.

PMID- 6447550
TI  - [Oscillations of phosphofructokinase in a compartmentalized system].
AB  - The analysis of an allosteric model for phosphofructokinase, exhibiting an
      inhibition by excess substrate (ATP) shows the possibility of sustained self
      oscillations. This model is described by a system of, two ordinary differential
      equations taking into account the coupling between metabolites diffusion (Fick's
      first law) and enzyme reaction. The different behavior types of the system have
      been studied as a function of two main parameters, rho (ration between respective
      permeabilities for ATP and F6P) and sigma (valuation of the diffusional
      constraints importance). The research for instability conditions has been carried
      out by normal mode analysis.

PMID- 6447551
TI  - Tantrums: remediation through communication.
AB  - There is a high correlation between behaviour problems, and lack of receptive and
      expressive language communication. Multiply handicapped children, with varying
      degrees of physical, mental, emotional, and sensory handicaps, in addition to a
      communication deficit, can learn a sign language system. Progress in
      communication through the sign language also results in substantial emotional and
      behavioural improvements. This paper presents two case studies of such children,
      and describes in detail the 7 year programme used to develop language through the
      Paget-Gorman sign system, with a profoundly deaf, subnormal, athetoid, disturbed
      boy.

PMID- 6447552
TI  - Appliances used to help the handicapped under threes to follow the normal
      developmental sequence.
AB  - An account is given of all the varying types of aids and appliances which were
      prescribed to the under 3-year-old handicapped children of all categories at the
      Regional Child Assessment Centre, Leeds, UK, between the years 1972-1977. They
      were required to help the child live as normal a life as possible, and progress
      along normal developmental lines. Altogether 430 aids were given to 163 children.
      The names of suppliers and the means of obtaining the aids are detailed at the
      end of this article.

PMID- 6447553
TI  - Characteristics of action potentials of hypertrophied myocardium from rats with
      renal hypertension.

PMID- 6447554
TI  - Specific quantitation of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate by GC-MS:
      comparison with a direct RIA.

PMID- 6447555
TI  - Biochemical investigations of cultured amniotic fluid cells in mucolipidosis type
      IV.
AB  - Biochemical abnormalities similar to those observed in cultured fibroblasts of
      patients with mucolipidosis type IV were demonstrated in cultured amniotic fluid
      cells of two fetuses affected with mucolipidosis IV. Increased gangliosides and
      acid mucopolysaccharides were observed in the affected cultures when compared to
      two normal controls. Both GM3 (monosialo) and GD3 (disialo) gangliosides
      accumulated in the affected cells: the latter showing a three-fold and the former
      a two-fold increase over controls. The major mucopolysaccharide components were
      dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate, both increased approximately four-fold. A
      partial, but significant deficiency of soluble ganglioside sialidase was observed
      in the two affected cultures, while this activity was normal in a culture of a
      non-affected fetus of the same mother in a third pregnancy. Non-soluble membrane
      bound and neuraminlactose sialidase was not affected.

PMID- 6447556
TI  - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6447557
TI  - Characteristics of anti-T-cell antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus:
      evidence for selective reactivity with normal suppressor cells defined by
      monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6447558
TI  - Production of human antithyroglobulin in vitro. II. Regulation by T cells.

PMID- 6447559
TI  - Peripheral blood monocytes in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 6447560
TI  - The influence of ultraviolet light irradiation on the immune system.

PMID- 6447561
TI  - Role of prostaglandin in the depressed cell-mediated immune response in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6447562
TI  - Studies on a Sezary lymphocyte popoulation with T-suppressor activity.
      Suppression of Ig synthesis of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 6447563
TI  - Multiple concurrent immunoregulatory defects in cancer patients with depressed
      PHA-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6447564
TI  - Effect of human thymic epithelial conditioned medium on in vitro and in vivo
      alloantigen-induced lymphocyte activation in the mouse.

PMID- 6447565
TI  - Suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis of systemic lupus erythematosus patients
      by concanavalin A-activated normal human spleen cell supernatants.

PMID- 6447566
TI  - Immunoregulation in aged humans.

PMID- 6447567
TI  - The effects of PGE1 on lymphocytes in NZB/W mice.

PMID- 6447568
TI  - Dactinomycin treatment of murine lupus erythematosus. II. Dose and schedule of
      administration.

PMID- 6447569
TI  - Inhibitory factors of lymphocyte transformation in sera from patients with
      minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - This study was undertaken to establish the specificity and relation to disease
      activity of serum inhibitors of lymphocyte function in minimal change nephrotic
      syndrome (MCNS). Sera from 21 children with MCNS were evaluated for their effect
      on blast transformation of normal human lymphocytes after stimulation with E-PHA,
      ConA, PWM or allogeneic cell surface antigens (mixed lymphocyte cultures;MLC).
      Sera from patients in relapse on no medication (n = 12), in relapse on steroids
      (n = 5), and in remission on steroids (n = 7) were significantly more inhibitory
      than sera from patients in late remission off steroids (n = 14 both in mitogen
      induced blast transformation and in MLC. Sera from eight children with other
      forms of nephrotic syndrome exhibited the same degree of inhibition of E-PHA,
      ConA, and PWM induced mitogenesis but significantly less inhibition of MLC when
      compared to 12 MCNS patients in untreated relapse. Thus serum inhibition of
      mitogen induced blast transformation is not specific for MCNS but occurs in other
      forms of nephrotic syndrome as well. Conversely, sera from MCNS patients does
      selectively inhibit MLC. Finally, the inhibitory activity of MCNS sera for both
      mitogen and cell surface antigen stimulation correlates with the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 6447570
TI  - Mezlocillin pharmacokinetics in renal impairment.
AB  - Mezlocillin kinetics was examined in 28 adult subjects with varying renal
      function. Mezlocillin 3 gm, was infused over 30 min. Mean peak plasma
      concentrations ranged from 204 to 253 mg/I. When the area under the curve (AUC)
      was plotted against creatinine clearance (CCr), the relationship found was
      expressed by the equation AUC = 656e(-0.01)(CCr). From this relationship a dosage
      nonogram was derived describing a power function with the following equaton: Dose
      fraction = 1.32--e(-0.01)(CCr). Therapeutic guidelines are suggested.

PMID- 6447571
TI  - Diagnosis and management of hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6447572
TI  - Who's dependent?

PMID- 6447573
TI  - Ectopic ossification in the abdominal wall.

PMID- 6447574
TI  - New aspects on antigens in penicillin allergy.

PMID- 6447575
TI  - Effect of antimalarial drugs on psoriasis.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether the use of antimalarial drugs is
      truly contraindicated in patients with psoriasis. Forty-eight patients in Vietnam
      were examined, treated, and tested. All had been taking prophylactic antimalarial
      medication, and some were given additional chloroquine in an attempt to elicit an
      exacerbation. Although in twenty patients (41.7 percent) the condition showed
      some degree of worsening from the antimalarial medication, in only three patients
      (6.3 percent) was there worsening without further improvement from topical
      therapy. The higher dosage of chloroquine caused no exacerbations. Due to the
      absence of severe exacerbation noted in this study, the use of antimalarial drugs
      is not strongly contraindicated in those with psoriasis.

PMID- 6447576
TI  - Nonsteroidal topical treatment of inflammatory dermatoses.
AB  - Reports of local and systemic complications from topically applied
      corticosteroids used in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses warrant a re
      examination of other methods of therapy. The specific measures suggested in this
      paper for treating seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis may
      also be applied to eczematous eruptions that are in similar stages of
      development.

PMID- 6447577
TI  - Disability and compensation. Introduction.

PMID- 6447578
TI  - Compensation for occupational lung disease in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6447579
TI  - Disability determination and compensation for pneumoconiosis in West Germany.

PMID- 6447580
TI  - Meanings of impairment and disability. The conflicting social objectives
      underlying the confusion.

PMID- 6447581
TI  - Mechanisms of immune injury.

PMID- 6447582
TI  - [HLA-compatibility testing in kidney transplantation--past, present and future].

PMID- 6447583
TI  - [Noninduced local DNA synthesis in the G1 phase and its relationship to
      chromosomal mutagenesis].

PMID- 6447584
TI  - [Complete genetic map of the left half of the genome of phage phi80].

PMID- 6447585
TI  - [Int-protein lambda phage DNA binding site is situated to the right of the att
      site].

PMID- 6447586
TI  - Ipratropium (atrovent) for airway obstruction.

PMID- 6447587
TI  - [Occupational immediate type allergy to hemp pollen and hashish (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A 26-year aged non-atopic criminological technician reacted to hemp (Cannabis
      sativa) and hashish with urticarial eruptions on hands and lower arms, rhinitis
      and conjunctivitis. Rubbing tests with pollenrich hashish were strongly positive.
      As hemp antigens were unavailable a hyposensitization therapy with hop (Humulus
      lupulus)--a plant belonging to the Cannabacea family--was begun.

PMID- 6447588
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses in the pharmaceutical industry].
AB  - The analysis of the total of 76 occupational dermatoses registered after 1962 in
      the pharmaceutical industry of the district of Dresden results in the following
      statements: The morbidity must be regarded as three times higher than in other
      branches of the chemical industry. Compared with the average dates of all
      occupational dermatoses, those in the pharmaceutical industry need a shorter
      induction time for starting. On the other hand, they are to be cured faster and
      with less recurrences. The lists of causal agents are heterogeneous and differ
      largely from those of drug induced eczemas of our clinical patients or of
      employees in public health services. Examples are given for a predictive
      recognizing of strong contact sensitizers by means of their chemical structure.

PMID- 6447589
TI  - [Long-term treatment of renal anaemia with mesterolone (author's transl)].
AB  - Mesterolone, 150 mg daily by mouth, was given to 26 patients (10 men, 16 women)
      with renal anaemia on chronic haemodialysis (3 times for 5 hours). At the
      beginning of treatment the patients had been dialysed for at least 6 months under
      stable conditions: iron deficiency had been excluded or treated. Progressive
      improvement in the anaemia was observed during the treatment period. After 39
      months the haemoglobin concentration had risen from 74 +/- 4 g/l to 95 +/- 5 g/l,
      haematocrit from 0.22 +/- 0.01 to 0.28 +/- 0.02, and the red-cell count from 2.44
      +/- 0.12 X 10(12)/l to 3.09 +/- 0.2 X 10(12)/l. Side effects were rare; some
      patients developed increased appetite with a rise in body weight, while some
      women developed acne or hirsutism. There was no effect of mesterolone on liver
      function. The results indicate that mesterolone can favourably influence renal
      anaemia and that the side effects of this testosterone derivative are not such as
      to prohibit its use in women.

PMID- 6447590
TI  - [Statistical studies on caries in handicapped children].
AB  - The prevalence of caries in 108 mentally and physically handicapped children
      between the ages of 6 and 16 was determined in a clinical study. The prevalence
      of caries in residual teeth was extremely high, 100% higher than in the healthy
      control group. Caries-free dentition was not observed. The oral hygiene was
      totally inadequate in 94% of the children examined. The state of dental care for
      these patients was unsatisfactory. It was shown that directed prophylaxis is a
      necessity with handicapped children.

PMID- 6447591
TI  - Elevation of serum prolactin acutely after administration of p-chloroamphetamine
      in rats.
AB  - p-Chloroamphetamine hydrochloride (0.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a rapid (within 30
      minutes), dose-related increase in serum prolactin concentration in male rats.
      The effect was antagonized by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine, an
      inhibitor of serotonin synethesis, or by metergoline, a serotonin receptor
      antagonist. The acute elevation of serum prolactin may have been mediated by the
      release of serotonin by p-chloroamphetamine.

PMID- 6447593
TI  - Natural rigaidity of the horse's backbone.
AB  - The functional anatomy of the thoracolumbar (TL) spine is considered in relation
      to the horse's ability to perform at speed and to jump. The morphological
      features quite clearly show the relative inflexibility of the equine back and
      this was confirmed by some experimental studies. Fresh post mortem specimens from
      5 Thoroughbreds were used to estimate the limits of dorsoventral movement of the
      TL spine from mid-thoracic to the cranial lumbar (T10-L2). The individual spinous
      processes could be moved a mean 1.1-6.0 mm on maximum ventroflexion and 0.8-3.8
      mm on dorsiflexion. The overall flexibility of the back was found to be 53.1 mm.
      Caudal to the mid-point of the back (T13) there was virtually no lateral or
      rotatory movement of the spine possible. The pathogenesis of some of the common
      causes of back trouble are discussed including the so-called vertebral
      subluxation and its treatment by chiropractic manipulation. From an anatomical
      viewpoint, this condition appears to be a misnomer and may simply be attributable
      to muscular imbalance leading to aspastic scoliosis.

PMID- 6447592
TI  - Structural basis of ciliary movement.
AB  - All motile somatic cilia, including those of the human respiratory tract, are
      similar in ultrastructure in that they consist of an axenome of 9 + 2
      microtubules surrounded by a specialized extension of the cell membrane. The
      axonemal elements provide the ciliary motor, which is powered by ATP hydrolysis.
      In respiratory cilia, mutants occur where axonemal assembly is aberrant such that
      the doublet attachments known as arms (Afzelius and co-workers) or spokes
      (Sturgess) have been shown to be missing. These mutant cilia are apparently
      nonmotile. In model cilia, the arms are composed of dynein, a class of ATPase
      isoenzymes and associated polypeptides characterized byGibbons and colleagues. In
      negative stain preparations of arms, three subunits can be seen. In the presence
      of ATP, dynein functions with a set polarity to form transient cross-bridges that
      cause the microtubule doublets of the axoneme to slide relative to one another.
      After brief trypsin treatment, the axonemal microtubules slide almost completely
      apart with the arms of doublet n pushing doublet n + 1 in a tipward direction. To
      produce ciliary beating in vivo, sliding is carefully controlled and coordinated,
      in part probably by the spoke system. The ciliary membrane is responsible for
      maintaining the appropriate levels of ATP, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and Ca2+ (ca. 10(-7)
      M) around the axoneme. The beat of certain cilia--e.g., L cilia of mussel gills-
      can be arrested by increasing axonemal Ca2+ concentration, for example, in the
      presence of the ionophore A23187 and high external Ca2+. Although the net results
      of changes in axonemal Ca2+ concentration are not always complete stoppage of
      beat or of sliding, this ion is also part of the general behavioral control of
      ciliary motility.

PMID- 6447594
TI  - Energy-linked reactions catalyzed by the purified ATPase complex (F0F1) from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores.
AB  - 1. The isolation of F0F1-ATPase complex from Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores
      by the use of taurodeoxycholate is described. 2. The enzyme preparation contains
      about 12 polypeptides; five are subunits of the F1 moiety. 3. The ATPase activity
      of the purified enzyme is dependent on the addition of phospholipids. 4. Km-vales
      for Mg2+-ATP and Ca2+-ATP are similar to the values obtained for the membrane
      bound enzyme. 5. The F0F1-ATPase complex is more than 70% inhibited by oligomycin
      and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. 6. The F0F1-ATPase complex was integrated into
      liposomes. The reconstituted proteoliposomes catalyzed energy transduction as
      shown by ATP-dependent quenching of acridine dye fluorescence and ATP-32Pi
      exchange.

PMID- 6447595
TI  - Phosphofructokinase: complete amino-acid sequence of the enzyme from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - The entire amino acid sequence of the protein subunit of phosphofructokinase from
      Bacillus stearothermophilus has been established mainly by sequence analysis of
      cyanogen bromide fragments and of peptides derived from these fragments by
      further digestion with proteolytic enzymes. Overlaps of the cyanogen bromide
      fragments as well as peptide sequences necessary to complement and to confirm
      tentative assignments within the larger peptide fragments were obtained from the
      sequences of selected peptides isolated from tryptic and chymotryptic digests of
      the intact S-[14C]-carboxymethylated protein. Sequence information was also
      provided by automated sequence analysis of the intact protein subunit and of some
      of the larger peptide fragments. The sequence is as follows: (See Text).

PMID- 6447596
TI  - Glycoproten biosynthesis in Trypanosoma brucei. The glycosylation of
      Glycoproteins located in and attached to the plasma membrane.
AB  - 1. Glycosyltransferase activity incorporating N-[14C]acetylglucosamine
      ([14C]GlcNAc) from uridine diphosphate N-[14C]acetylglucosamine (UDP-[14C]GlcNAc)
      into endogenous proitein acceptors was localized primarily in the plasma membrane
      of Trypanosoma brucei. 2. The acceptor site for the nucleotide sugar was further
      localized exclusively to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. 3. The
      glycosyltransferase produced elongation of the growing oligosaccharide chains
      while they were attached to their peptide acceptors. 4. This glycosyltransferase
      activity was incapable of initiating sugar attachment directly to amino acid
      residues within peptide acceptors. 5. The dolichyl-phosphate-sugar pathway for
      glycoprotein biosynthesis was either absent of only present at a very low level
      in T. brucei when compared to rat liver. 6. All oligosaccharide chains accepting
      GlcNAc were of the same or very similar lengths. 7. Both O-glycosidic (26%) and N
      glycosidic (74%) linkages (exclusive of hydroxylysine attachment) were found. 8.
      Glycosyltransferase activity required either Mn2+ or Mg2+, had a pH optimum of
      6.5 and was temperature-dependent. 9. The kinetics of incorporation were complex,
      probably a result of multiple acceptors or glycosyltransferases whose activities
      were characterized by a Km of 30 microM for UDP-GlcNAc with a V of 40 pmol x mg
      protein -1 x min-1 for the highest affinity system and a Km of approximately 2 mM
      for UDP-GlcNAc with a V of approximately 400 pmol x mg protein-1 x min-1 for the
      lowest affinity system. 10. Glycosyltransferases using UDP-GlcNAc, uridine
      diphosphate glucose, uridine diphosphate galactose and guanidine diphosphate
      mannose as glycosyl donors were observed. Each peptide acceptor was specific for
      a singloe labelled sugar in the absence of other unlabelled nucleotide sugars.
      11. The final extent of incorporation of GlcNAc was due primarily to exhaustion
      of peptide acceptor. 12. An inhibitor of UDP-[14C]GlcNAc incorporation into
      plasma membranes was found in the cytoplasmic fraction.

PMID- 6447597
TI  - Demonstration of two different reactive sulfhydryl groups in the ATP-binding
      sites of Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum by disulfides of thioinosine
      triphosphates.
AB  - 1. The disulfide of thioinosine triphosphate, (SnoPPP)2, is a substrate of the
      Ca2+-pump and the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (Km = 400 microM). 2.
      Inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase by the beta,gamma-methylene diphosphonate analogue of
      the disulfide of thioinosine triphosphate, (SnoPP[CH2]P)2, in the presence of
      (Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+) is preceeded by a dissociable enzyme inhibitor complex with a
      dissociation constant of 130 microM for a low-affinity binding site. ATP
      protected Ca2+-ATPase against the inactivation under these conditions with a
      dissociation constant of 140 microM. 3. Kinetic analysis of the inactivations of
      Ca2+-ATPase by (SnoPP[CH2]P)2 in the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ but the presence of
      K+ and EGTA led to the appearance of two nucleotide binding sites with two
      different inactivation velocities. Inactivation rate constants k2 were found for
      the rapid inactivating part (k2' = 1.44 X 10(-2) s-1) and the slow inactivating
      part (k2" = 1.15 X 10(-3) s-1). From the protective effect of ATP under these
      conditions a high-affinity (Kd = 48.78 microM) and a low-affinity ATP binding
      site (Kd = 114 microM) were apparent. 4. The affinity of the analogues to the
      enzyme is decreased in the sequence: (SnoPPP)2 > (SnoPP[NH]P)2 > (SnoPP[CH2]P)2 >
      (SnoP)2. 5. (SnoPPP)2-inactivated Ca2+-ATPase was reactivated by incubation with
      dithiothreitol. 6. Inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase by [gamma-32P](SnoPPP)2 in the
      presence of (Mg2+ + K+ + Ca2+) or (EGTA + K+) was accompanied by the
      incorporation of hydroxylamine-insensitive radioactivity into the acid
      precipitable protein. The enzyme-bound [gamma-32P]SnoPPP was cleaved by
      dithiothreitol. 7. It is concluded that (SnoPPP)2 and its non-hydrolyzable
      analogues (SnoPP[NH]P)2 and (SnoPP[CH2]P)2 act as ATP affinity labels and form
      mixed disulfides with a sulfhydryl group within the active site.

PMID- 6447598
TI  - Occlusion of divalent cations in the phosphorylated calcium pump of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - The calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum possesses high-affinity calcium
      binding and ATP-binding sites. At 0 degrees C pH 6.8 and in the absence of
      calcium, about 3.5 nmol/mg of high-affinity ATP-binding sites are titrated with a
      dissociation constant, Kd, of 5 microM. In the presence of Ca2+, ATP
      phosphorylates the enzyme at a much lower concentration: K 1/2 = 100 nM. In the
      absence of ATP the calcium ions reversibly bind to the high-affinity calcium
      sites (6.5 nmol/mg); however the following is shown in this paper. 1.
      Phosphorylation of the enzyme in the presence of calcium leads to the immediate
      occlusion of the calcium ions bound to the high-affinity sites. 2. Two moles of
      calcium are occluded per mole of phosphoenzyme formed. 3. Occlusion can be
      reversed by ADP. 4. Transport is a slower process which occurs in the presence of
      Mg2+ at the same rate as the spontaneous decay of the phosphoenzyme. Experiments
      performed in the absence of magnesium reveal another divalent cation binding site
      which is probably directly involved in ATP and Pi binding. The nature of the
      cation bound to this site determines the stability and ADP-sensitivity of the
      phosphoenzyme.

PMID- 6447599
TI  - Purification and subunit structure of glycogen-branching enzyme from rabbit
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - 1,4-alpha-glucan:1,4-alpha-glucan 6-alpha-D-(1,4-alpha-D-glucano) transferase
      (branching enzyme) was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation,
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, fractionation with poly(ethyleneglycol) 6000,
      chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephadex G150. The final
      specific activity was 3000 U/mg corresponding to a purification of approximately
      10000-fold over the muscle extracts. 0.6 mg of enzyme was isolated from 4000 g
      muscle within eight days corresponding to an overall yield of 7%. The purified
      protein was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and this technique yielded a molecular
      weight of 77000 for the subunit molecular weight of branching enzyme. The
      apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme determined by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G150 was 60000, demonstrating that branching enzyme is a monomeric
      protein. Only a very small proportion of the branching enzyme activity in muscle
      extracts (2%) precipitated with the protein-glycogen complex. This finding, and
      its low concentration in muscle, explain why a protein-staining band
      corresponding to branching enzyme cannot be detected by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the protein-glycogen complex.

PMID- 6447600
TI  - Macromolecular and histological studies of new tissue formation in velour
      vascular prostheses.
AB  - The nature and characteristics of the tissue which develops on the inner surfaces
      of vascular arterial prostheses have been investigated by means of histological
      and biochemical criteria. Velour prosthetic tubes were implanted as aortic
      segmental replacements in the dog. On the 60th postoperative day, a neointimal
      layer of collagen covered with flattened endothelial-like cells was noted.
      However, despite this morphological evidence the microsomic and cytosolic enzymes
      implicated in the biosynthesis of glycosamino-glycuronoglycans were significantly
      modified in comparison with the normal aortic wall. The marked decrease in
      enzymes corresponding to the initiation of the glucidic linkages suggests that
      the biosynthesis of the macromolecular components responsible for the normal
      blood vaessel interfact was impaired in these newly developed tissues. Therefore,
      it is suggested that this newly developed tissue cannot be considered as a true
      vascular endothelium.

PMID- 6447601
TI  - The hot-film anemometer--a method for blood velocity determination. I. In vitro
      comparison with the electromagnetic blood flowmeter.
AB  - In an invitro flowmodel a constrant temperature hot-film anemometer was tested,
      using conical needle and catheter-mounted probes. Calibration, linearization and
      zero-point determination as well as sensitivity change with hematocrit,
      angulation, flow direction and dirt deposits on the film are described. Curves
      were compared with those obtained simultaneously from an electromagnetic
      flowmeter. The hog-film anemometer was direction-insensitive and signals were
      seen 0.01--0.03 sec before the flowmeter signals. The frequency response of the
      anemometer was sufficiently higher to register turbulent flow. In 27 simultaneous
      measurements the mean anemometer results were 6 +/- 8% (+/- SD) higher than the
      flowmeter results and the peak results correspondingly 16 +/- 6%. Both
      differences was significant (p < 0.001). Qualitatively hog-film anemometer curves
      were comparable to electromagnetic flowmeter curves. However, certain differences
      were demonstrated.

PMID- 6447602
TI  - The hot-film anemometer--a method for blood velocity determination. II. In vivo
      comparison with the electromagnetic blood flowmeter.
AB  - Using a constant temperature hot-film anemometer and an electromagnetic blood
      flowmeter, volumetric flows and velocity profiles were registered in the
      pulmonary artery, ascending aorta, abdominal aorta and superior vena cava of
      mongrel dogs. The anemometer registered in 3 out of 4 dogs in the ascending aorta
      and in 4 out of 5 dogs in the pulmonary artery. The flow profile in these two
      vessels was flat with a slight deviation with the highest velocity nearer to the
      posterior wall. In the abdominal aorta the flow profile was sinusoid and in the
      superior vena cava irregular. In 22 simultaneous measurements anemometer mean
      results were 97 +/- 23% (+/- SD) of flowmeter results and peak results
      correspondingly 113 +/- 23%. None of these differences were significant. It is
      stressed that both qualitatively and quantitatively hot-film anemometer results
      are comparable to electromagnetic flowmeter results. However, certain differences
      have been demonstrated.

PMID- 6447603
TI  - The handicapped children's early education program.

PMID- 6447604
TI  - Burnout among teachers of exceptional children.

PMID- 6447605
TI  - Public Law 94-142 and stress: a problem for educators.

PMID- 6447606
TI  - Administrator's role in fostering the mental health of special services
      personnel.

PMID- 6447607
TI  - Suppressive and cytostatic activities in the spleen of tumor-bearing hamsters.

PMID- 6447608
TI  - Induction of susceptibility to HgCl2 immune glomerulonephritis in the Lewis rat
      by immunocompetent cells from susceptible F1 hybrids.
AB  - Susceptibility to HgCl2-induced glomerulonephritis was transferred to resistant
      Lewis (LEW) rats, irradiated and reconstituted with (LEW X BN)F1 hybrid
      immunocompetent cells. This glomerulonephritis was similar to that observed in
      Brown-Norway (BN) rats with a first stage characterized by anti-glomerular
      basement membrane antibodies and a second stage with immune complex-type deposits
      in the glomerular tufts and in the small renal arteries.

PMID- 6447609
TI  - Monoclonal antibody H9/25 reacts with functional subsets of T and B cells:
      killer, killer precursor and plaque-forming cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (McAb) H9/25 has previously been shown to react with an
      alloantigen expressed on subpopulations of mouse lymphocytes. We here
      investigated the expression of the antigen (H9/25 Ag) on functional subsets of T
      and B cells. Lymphocytes were depleted of H9/25 Ag-bearing cells by complement
      dependent cytolysis or by the affinity to immobilized McAb H9/25, and the
      residual immunological functions were tested. In these tests, killer T cells
      generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures and their precursors were found to express
      H9/25 Ag. In contrast, the activity and frequency of helper T cells specific to
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin carrier were not decreased by the depletion of H9/25 Ag
      bearing cells. On the other hand, IgG and IgM anti-TNP plaque-forming cells were
      found to express H9/25 Ag, while it was not detected on unprimed B cells, as
      tested by using TNP-Ficoll and TNP-lipopolysaccharide. Only a small proportion of
      TNP memory B cells seemed to express the antigen. These results revealed
      significant differences between H9/25 Ag and other known alloantigens in the
      distribution among functional subsets of lymphocytes.

PMID- 6447610
TI  - Pain modulation by 5-hydroxytryptaminergic agents and morphine as measured by
      three pain tests.

PMID- 6447611
TI  - Renshaw cell discharge at the beginning of muscular contraction and its relation
      to the silent period.

PMID- 6447612
TI  - Demonstration of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves in the albino rat.

PMID- 6447613
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: preparation and some properties of a multienzyme complex
      catalysing part of the glycolytic pathway.

PMID- 6447614
TI  - Trypanosoma rhodesiense: semiautomated microtesting for quantitation of
      antitrypanosomal activity in vitro.

PMID- 6447615
TI  - Influence of nicotinamide on mutagenic activity of N-nitrosomorpholine in the
      AMES/Salmonella microsome test.

PMID- 6447617
TI  - [Consumption of cardiovascular preparations].

PMID- 6447616
TI  - [Composition of the flavonoids of Valeriana officinalis from the Asiatic part of
      the USSR].

PMID- 6447618
TI  - Binding of B[a]P diol-epoxide (anti) to nucleosomes containing high mobility
      group proteins.

PMID- 6447619
TI  - Reciprocal control of membrane permeability by ATP in 3T6 cells: effect of
      diamide.

PMID- 6447620
TI  - Reconstitution of the purified proton conductor (F0) of the adenosine
      triphosphatase complex from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6447621
TI  - The uncA401 mutation alters a nucleotide-binding site in the alpha-subunit of the
      F1 adenosine triphosphatase from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6447622
TI  - Pressure effect on the Arrhenius discontinuity in Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic
      reticulum: evidence for lipid involvement.

PMID- 6447623
TI  - Localization of the reactive trinitrophenylated lysyl residue of myosin ATPase
      site in the NH2-terminal (27 k domain) of S1 heavy chain.

PMID- 6447624
TI  - Characterization of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding site on coupling factor 1 of
      mitochondrial and bacterial membrane-bound ATPases.

PMID- 6447625
TI  - Phosphorylation of HMG 17 by protein kinase NII from rat liver cell nuclei.

PMID- 6447626
TI  - The effects of terbium and lanthanum on the biological activity of some
      representative muscle protein systems.

PMID- 6447627
TI  - Identification and function of intracellular calcium stores in neurons.

PMID- 6447628
TI  - [Types of the activities of technical pharmacists in the pharmacies of
      therapeutic and prophylactic institutions].

PMID- 6447629
TI  - [Analysis of the work expenditures of the analytical pharmacies in I- and II
      category cost-accounting pharmacies in Perm].

PMID- 6447630
TI  - [Aspects of the scientific organization of work and the mechanization of the
      production processes in an interhospital pharmacy].

PMID- 6447631
TI  - [Principles of the efficient distribution of interdistrict offices in the
      pharmacy administration system].

PMID- 6447632
TI  - [Recent viewpoints on the immunopathogenicity of allergic contact eczema].

PMID- 6447633
TI  - Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in nails.
AB  - Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was demonstrated in 226 out of 5,600 patients examined
      for abnormal toe-nails. Among 3,700 patients without onychomycosis S. brevicaulis
      was demonstrated as a contaminant in 2%. Onychomycosis, present in 1,925
      patients, was caused by S. brevicaulis in 6%, but 10% of these cases were mixed
      infections with dermatophytes. In the approximately 1,800 cases of onychomycosis
      due to other reasons, S. brevicaulis was a contaminant in 2%. A specific finding
      of S. brevicaulis on direct microscopy is diagnostic, and a number of colonies
      greater than or equal to 10 supports the diagnosis, while in the presence of less
      than or equal to 3 colonies and no S. brevicaulis on direct microscopy the
      diagnosis is unlikely. Onychomycosis due to S. brevicaulis was most often
      diagnosed in elderly persons, with equal frequency in men and women.

PMID- 6447634
TI  - Maintenance of embryonically induced transplantation tolerance after short-term
      adult thymectomy in Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 6447635
TI  - A monitored-release study of methrazone in general practice.
AB  - Methrazone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was used on a monitored
      release study in general practice to treat 2,693 patients with rheumatoid or
      osteoarthritis. In a dose of 200 mg three times daily, it appeared to produce
      clear benefit in between 50% and 60% of patients. Adverse reactions such as
      dyspepsia and skin rash led to the drug being withdrawn in 11% of patients. There
      were three major adverse reactions possibly due to the drug (haematemesis, rectal
      bleeding and acute purpura), but no cases of severe leucopenia or
      thrombocytopenia. Methrazone is a useful anti-inflammatory agent. In particular,
      it is unlikely to cause interactions with other drugs, including cardiac
      glycosides such as digoxin.

PMID- 6447636
TI  - Calmodulin in endocrine cells and its multiple roles in hormone action.
AB  - Calmodulin interaction with Ca2+ may present a receptor mechanism analogous to
      the association of steroid hormones with cytoplasmic receptor proteins. In the
      systems examined to date, neither calmodulin nor Ca2+ alone have stimulatory
      effects. We have attempted to illustrate the similarities between the regulation
      of cellular events by Ca2+-calmodulin and the cyclic nucleotide system. If a
      general mechanism for calmodulin can be predicted it is to activate various
      enzymes to phosphorylate target proteins in a Ca2+-dependent manner. It is also
      of interest to point out the coorindate regulation of protein phosphorylation by
      Ca2+ and cAMP. Calmodulin can be considered to be involved in both types of
      reactions. This Ca2+-receptor not only activates Ca2+-dependent protein kinases
      directly but also plays an indirect role in cAMP-dependent phosphorylation by
      participating in the regulation of the intracellular steady-state levels of cAMP.
      The importance of calmodulin as a Ca2+-receptor and as a modulator of hormone
      action and endocrine cells illustrates the pleiotypic nature of this protein in
      both cellular and molecular aspects of endocrinology.

PMID- 6447637
TI  - Attitudes toward disabled people.

PMID- 6447638
TI  - Histochemical observations of polyglucose synthesized by enzyme activities in
      human gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Polyglucose particles histochemically synthesized from glucose 1-phosphate by
      phosphorylase and branching glycosyltransferase were observed in the gastric
      carcinoma cells, in intestinal metaplastic epithelium of the gastric mucosa and
      in fetal epithelium of the fetal gastric mucosa by light and electron
      microscopical studies. Light microscopical observations resembled those in
      previous reports. As for the electron microscopical observations, in gastric
      carcinoma cells, the polyglucaose synthesizing area were expansively widened by a
      deposition of synthesized polyglucose particles. Three patterns of their
      intracellular distribution, (Focal type, scattered type and singly deposited
      type) were observed. Besides, two types of polyglucose particle were synthesized.
      One type appeared as monoparticles which were relatively similar in size and the
      other type appeared as rosette-like structures which varied in size. Larger
      polyglucose particles which resembled the polyglucose particle synthesized in the
      fetal epithelium were observed among them. In the intestinal metaplastic
      epithelium, polyglucose particles which were similar in size were synthesized in
      narrow focal areas of the cytoplasmic matrix. The distribution, shape and size of
      polyglucose particles synthesized in the carcinoma cells were irregular as
      compared with those in the intestinal metaplastic elpithelium. It seems that
      these irregularities were due to the influence of enzymne deviation caused by
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6447639
TI  - The prognostic value of peritoneoscopic findings in patients with liver
      cirrhosis.
AB  - This study was conducted on 139 patients with liver cirrhosis with diffuse
      formation of the nodules on the liver surface demonstrated by peritoneoscopic
      examination. In all of these patients, the diagnosis had been established more
      than 5 years ago, and the cumulative survival rates were calculated by the life
      table method. The relationship between the survival rate and macroscopic findings
      on the surface of the liver was studied and the following conclusions were drawn.
      1) The 5 and 10 year survival rates in patients with cirrhosis with swelling of
      the right lobe were as high as 71.2 and 53.4% respectively and were significantly
      higher than the corresponding figures of 30.0 and 12.7% in patients with
      cirrhosis with right lobe atrophy (pless than0.001). 2) The 5 year survival rate
      in patients with cirrhosis of the small nodular type with a predominance of
      nodules with diameters less than 3mm was a high as 70.6%. This was significantly
      higher than that in patients with cirrhosis of the medium and large nodular type
      with nodules measuring more than 3mm in diameter where the 5 year survival rate
      was 36.0% (pless than0.001). 3) The 5 year survival rate in patients with
      cirrhosis of the narrow stromal type was as high as 61.4%, being significantly
      higher than that in patients with cirrhosis of the broad and mixed stromal type
      where the 5 year survival rate was 43.2% (pless than0.05). The observation of the
      surface pattern of the liver by peritoneoscopy appears to be of great predictive
      value for the prognosis of liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6447640
TI  - Impaired mixed-lymphocyte culture reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - We studied the response of lymphocytes from 43 patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease to allogeneic stimulation in one-way mixed-lymphocyte cultures. We found
      that 53% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, in contrast to 4% of normal
      and disease controls, had significant depression of mixed-lymphocyte culture
      response (P less than 0.01). The depression of mixed-lymphocyte culture response
      was independent of disease activity, duration (more or less than 10 yr), or
      presence of corticosteroid therapy. Removal of iron-ingesting mononuclear cells
      (macrophages) resulted in increased mixed-lmyphocyte culture response in 6 of 7
      patients tested.

PMID- 6447641
TI  - [Twin pregnancy, one fetus with Down syndrome removed by sectio parva, the other
      delivered mature and healthy (author's transl)].
AB  - We report about a twin pregnancy with trisomy 21 in one of the fetus and normal
      caryotype of the other one. The affected fetus was removed by sectio parva in the
      22nd week of gestation (p. m.) while the placenta remained inside the uterus. At
      the end of the 38th week of gestation a mature healthy baby was delivered by
      caesarean section. This was only possible by knowing the exact position of the
      fetus, placentas and amnion cavities by ultrasound. It is necessary to be
      familiar with betamimetics for tocolysis used during and after surgery.

PMID- 6447642
TI  - [Injuries of blood vessels due to gynaecologic laparoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - During gynaecological laparoscopy, in rare cases, life threatening injuries
      occur. The report describes three cases of vascular injuries performed due to
      vascular surgery. To avoid such vascular lesions serves near by to observe and
      take precautions in the hard altered topographic connexions between peritoneal
      cover and abdominal vessels during the typical gynaecological case. Every
      laparoscopist should know the symptoms of the complications beforehand, and he
      should be able also to perform the vascular sutures.

PMID- 6447643
TI  - Monoaminergic control of MSH release in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.

PMID- 6447644
TI  - [Irrigation of agricultural lands with animal husbandry effluents in Belgorod
      Province].

PMID- 6447645
TI  - [On-the-job practice of the students of a sanitation and hygiene department].

PMID- 6447646
TI  - [Problems of protecting the atmosphere in the scientific and practical work plan
      of Shchelkovo epidemiological health station].

PMID- 6447647
TI  - [Health status of the children in organized groups in a rural locality].

PMID- 6447649
TI  - [Basic tasks of rural hygiene in light of the recent decisions of the Central
      Committee of the CPSU].

PMID- 6447648
TI  - [Hygienic basis for establishing the permissible level of benz(a)pyrene in soil].

PMID- 6447650
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the biological purification of the sewage from swine
      breeding farms].

PMID- 6447651
TI  - [Planning rural settlements].

PMID- 6447652
TI  - [Value of ovarian biopsy by laparoscopy in endocrine-gonadal pathology].

PMID- 6447653
TI  - [Structure of occupational dermatoses in different industries, dermatologists'
      tasks in preventing them].

PMID- 6447654
TI  - [Status and prophylactic measures in vibration pathology among borehole drillers
      at oil wells].

PMID- 6447655
TI  - [Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on serum steroid hormones and
      endocrine organs in adrenalectomized immature female rats (author's transl)].
AB  - SD female rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized or sham-operated at the age of
      20 days and were given dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS; 50 or 100 mg/kg body
      wt. p.o.) for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration the animals
      were sacrificed and levels of serum estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone
      (T), progesterone(P), aldosterone, 11-OH-corticosteroid (11-OH-CS),
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and DHAS were determined. Uterus, ovary, pituitary
      gland, thyroid, thymus, liver and kidney were weighed and examined
      histologically. Adrenalectomy significantly reduced serum levels of T, P,
      aldosterone, 11-OH-CS, DHA and DHAS organ weights of liver and kidney, and
      increased the weight of the thymus. In sham-operated rats, DHAS increased weight
      of the uterus and serum DHAS level while the other hormones and organs were not
      affected. In the adrenalectomized rats, DHAS increased the serum levels of DHAS
      and T, weight of the uterus and inhibited increase in the weight of the thymus.
      These findings suggest that DHAS-induced increases in the weight of uterus are
      not affected by endogenous hormones secreted from the adrenal gland.

PMID- 6447656
TI  - [Glucosamine: its importance for the metabolism of articular cartilage. 2.
      Studies on articular cartilage].
AB  - In healthy individuals there exists a balance between cartilage proteoglycan
      synthesis and degradation. In arthrotic cartilage this metabolic balance is
      deteriorated in spite of a sometimes enhanced proteoglycan synthesis, since the
      catabolic rate exceeds the anabolic rate corresponding to the severity of the
      disease. The extracellular organic matrix of the cartilage is destroyed. With
      different experimental models it could be demonstrated, that the non steroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used in the treatment of arthrosis inhibit the
      synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, intensify the already existing metabolic
      disorder, prevent a normalization of cartilage composition and thus impair the
      function of the cartilage. Glucosamine on the other hand increases in a dose
      dependent way the ability of cartilage to synthesize both sulfated
      mucopolysaccharides and protein, thus restoring the catabolic-anabolic balance of
      the cartilage.

PMID- 6447657
TI  - [Muscle histochemistry as a modern approach in the study of neuromuscular disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447658
TI  - Effect of streptozotocin diabetes on sialic acid content and glycoprotein binding
      of isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - The possible correlation between sialic acid content of hepatocyte plasma
      membranes, and their binding capacity was investigated. For that purpose, [3H]
      asialotransferrin binding was tested with hepatocytes from both normal and
      streptozotocin treated rats. The observed decrease in binding capacity was
      parallel to a decrease in the sialic acid content Insulin therapy restored
      simultaneously normal blood glucose level, hepatic membrane sialic acid content
      and binding capacity.

PMID- 6447659
TI  - Androsterone sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and free
      dehydroepiandrosterone in uraemic patients.

PMID- 6447660
TI  - Response time effects of alerting tone and semantic context for synthesized voice
      cockpit warnings.

PMID- 6447661
TI  - Augmentation by serum-induced helper cells of T cell-mediated cytotoxic response
      against tumor associated antigens and alloantigens.

PMID- 6447662
TI  - [Experimental models of cell-mediated immune reactions (type IV) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In the study the experimental model of contact sensitivity in guinea pig is
      described and compared with the analogous model in mouse. Furthermore, the
      mechanism of development of contact sensitivity is analysed and the function of
      suppressor cells briefly mentioned.

PMID- 6447663
TI  - [Age-dependent immunological parameters].
AB  - Lymphocyte stimulation, frequency of autoantibodies and concentration of
      immunoglobuline classes were investigated in 90 persons of 3 age-groups (5--15,
      30--40 and 65--95 years of age). An age dependent decrease of MLC- and PhA
      reactivity was observed. In contrast, the frequency of autoantibodies and the
      concentration of IgA increased with age. Individuals with a positive antinuclear
      factor demonstrated decreased IgA levels. No correlation between lymphocyte
      stimulation and autoantibody-frequency could be observed.

PMID- 6447664
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on rabbit macrophages.
AB  - The effect of water-bath hyperthermia on rabbit peritoneal macrophages was
      studied in vitro. The cells were exposed to hyperthermia for 30 min to 4 hours
      and membrane transport of ions as measured by total and ouabain-inhibited 86Rb
      influx as well as membrane permeability for 86Rb and 51Cr-labelled intracellular
      proteins were investigated. Heat-treated macrophages were tested for their
      ability to phagocyte staphylococci and for reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium.
      Moreover the effect of microwave whole-body hyperthermia on rabbit phogocytic
      cells was studied in vivo. Ion transport to macrophages was stimulated by both
      intensive (43 degrees C) and moderate (40 degrees C) hyperthermia. On the other
      hand exposition of the cells to 43 degrees C led to pronounced release of 86Rb
      and 51Cr from prelabelled cells. NBT reduction was generally decreased in
      macrophages exposed to 43 degrees C and increased in macrophages kept at 40
      degrees C. Clearance of 32P-labelled staphylococci from peripheral blood of
      microwave-irradiated rabbits diminished when animals were exposed to microwave
      hyperthermia for f or 7 days (2 hours daily).

PMID- 6447665
TI  - Generation of suppressor T cells during the primary response of murine spleen
      cells in diffusion chambers.
AB  - A vigorous secondary response to DNP is elicited by dinitrophenylated keyhole
      limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) in spleen cells from primed mice cultured in
      Millipore diffusion chambers. However, the same antigen under the same conditions
      does not elicit a primary response in normal spleen cells. In contract, foreign
      erythrocytes elicit a primary response and function as an effective carrier for
      the primary response to a hapten. We found that the failure of haptenated protein
      to induce a primary response in diffusion chambers can be attributed to the
      generation of suppressor T cells by the protein. Cultures of T depleted normal
      spleen cells, supplemented with carrier-specific helper T cells, developed a DNP
      specific primary response upon stimulation with DNP-KLH.

PMID- 6447666
TI  - Frequencies of alloreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors responding to H-2
      antigens alone.
AB  - The experiments reported here were designed to investigate the role of major
      histocompatibility antigens alone in primary allogeneic responses in vitro. Mixed
      lymphocyte cultures were established using small numbers of responder spleen
      cells and semiallogeneic or fully allogeneic stimulator spleen cells. The
      cytotoxicity generated in individual cultures was then detected by a sensitive
      51Cr-release assay and the frequencies of responding cytotoxic T lymphocyte
      precursors (CTL-P) determined by limit dilution analysis. To investigate the
      responses of spleen cells to major histocompatibility (H-2) antigens alone,
      strains of BALB/c mice congenic at the H-2 locus were used as responder and
      stimulator cells. The frequencies of CTL-P responding in such congenic
      combinations were compared with those obtained using mouse strain combinations
      differing at minor histocompatibility (minor-H) loci in addition to H-2. A
      similar fraction of spleen cells responded regardless of whether the stimulator
      cells differed at the H-2 locus alone or at multiple minor-H loci in addition to
      H-2. It was concluded that minor-H antigenic differences do not contribute
      significantly to allogeneic responses.

PMID- 6447667
TI  - Experimental erythrocyte autoimmunity. I. Mice congenic for immunoglobulin
      allotypes vary in production of autoantibodies but produce suppressor cells not
      restricted by allotypes.
AB  - Erythrocyte autoantibodies can be elicited in mnce by injections of rat RBC which
      are cross-reactive with mouse RBC. This report shows that induction of
      autoantibodies is dependent, in part, on gene(s) outside the H-2 complex. Using
      CBA mice congenic for Ig allotype and the F1 and F2 hybrids, a higher incidence
      of autoantibody production was observed in mice bearing the Ig allotype 1b (1b/b
      or 1a/b) in contrast to mice homozygous for the allotype Ig-1a. Serum
      haemagglutination titres against rat RBC were not reduced in the groups of mice
      with the lower incidence of autoantibody production. A probable explanation for
      these observations is that the change in Ig allotype is associated with some
      change in the variable region determining autoimmune specificity that is governed
      by VH genes linked to allotype genes. The transfer of 30 x 10(6) spleen cells
      from Coombs' positive mice to syngeneic recipients before starting the
      immunization regime with rat RBC suppressed autoantibody production and enhanced
      antibody production against rat RBC. These suppressor cells were effective in
      congenic mice and in F1 hybrids, which suggest that the Ig allotype is not a
      crucial site for the effector stage of suppression of this autoimmune response.

PMID- 6447668
TI  - Generation of autologous mixed leucocyte reactions during the course of infection
      with Theileria parva (East Coast Fever) in cattle.
AB  - During the course of East Coast Fever (ECF) in cattle, an examination was made of
      the evolution of autologous mixed leucocyte reactions (MLR) between normal
      responder lymphocytes collected prior to infection and stimulators cells prepared
      from infected lymphoid organs at intervals after challenge. Proliferative
      responses were induced by spleen cells, peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) and
      cells (LNC) from both regional and distant lymph nodes. The proliferation by
      normal PBL in response to LNC occurred earlier in the course of infection and was
      of greater magnitude than the MLRs induced by spleen cells and PBL. The ability
      of LNC to stimulate an autologous MLR declined after 14 days post-challenge,
      whereas both spleen cells and PBL were stimulatory for normal PBL until the death
      of the host at 18--20 days after challenge. The results imply that the earliest
      stimulation to the lymphocyes involved in cell-mediated immunity is afforded in
      the absence of detectable macroschizonts (less than 0 . 1 %). The inductive
      signal(s) probably emanates from transformational or parasite-coded antigens on
      blast cells which first appear around 8--10 days after infection. The continual
      generation of infected lymphoblasts may initiate proliferation of additional
      leucocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity at later intervals during the
      course of infection. The capacity of the host to mount humoral and cell-mediated
      responses to the infected cells is late in relation to the pathogenesis and
      outcome of the infection.

PMID- 6447669
TI  - Antigen-binding receptors on T cells from long-term MLR. evidence of binding
      sites for allogeneic and self-MHC products.
AB  - Antibody inhibition of radiolabelled stimulator membrane vesicle binding by T
      blasts activated in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was used to identify
      responder-cell determinants involved in the binding phenomenon. Antisera or
      monoclonal antibodies against Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and Ly-6 antigens were not
      inhibitory. However, antibodies against heavy-chain V region (VH) determinants
      strongly inhibited vesicle binding by both primary and long-term MLR blasts. Anti
      Ia (both alloantisera and monoclonal reagents) caused inhibition of antigen
      binding by primary MLR blasts only. T blasts from long-term MLR lines were
      neither Ia-positive, nor susceptible to blocking of antigen binding with anti-Ia.
      However, these cells were capable of specifically absorbing soluble syngeneic Ia
      material, with the concomitant appearance of vesicle-binding inhibition with anti
      Ia sera. Acquisition of syngeneic Ia by T blasts was effectivelly blocked with
      the anti-VH reagent. Passively bound self-Ia did not interfere with vesicle
      binding in the absence of anti-Ia. These results strongly suggest the existance
      of specific self-Ia acceptor sites closely linked to the receptors for stimulator
      alloantigens on T cells proliferating in MLR. A receptor model based on these
      findings is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6447670
TI  - Enterotoxigenic staphylococci from non-faecal human sources.

PMID- 6447671
TI  - In vitro studies of moxalactam (LY127935), a new beta-lactam antibiotic with
      significant activity against gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - Moxalactam (LY127935) is a new beta-lactam antibiotic which is chemically related
      to the cephalosporins. The agent is highly active against the Enterobacteriaceae,
      with most organisms sensitive to 0.1 mcg/ml or less. It is also active at low
      concentration against gentamicin-resistant strains of Providencia and Serratia.
      Minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa are
      approximately four-fold lower than those of carbenicillin for the same isolates.
      It is highly active against Hemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant
      strains, with all strains tested sensitive to 0.1 mcg/ml or less. The majority of
      strains of Neisseria gonorrheae and Neisseria meningitidis are sensitive to 0.1
      mcg/ml or less. Moxalactam is more active against Bacteroides fragilis than
      cefoxitin. However, activity of moxalactam against gram-positive cocci was
      uniformly less than cephalothin and other cephalosporins tested. Little effect of
      inoculum size was observed with moxalactam except for particular strains of gram
      negative bacilli. The drug was found to be 40-43% bound to human serum proteins.

PMID- 6447672
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of moxalactam, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic
      antibiotic.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of moxalactam was studied in vitro against 229
      clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms using
      the agar dilution technique. Mueller-Hinton agar was used as growth medium. The
      results were compared to those obtained with cefamandole. All isolates of
      Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by moxalactam
      at a concentration of 8 microgram/ml or less. The concentrations of cefamandole
      with which the same effect was obtained were 0.5 microgram/ml and 2 microgram/ml
      respectively. Moxalactam was highly inhibitory against Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus morganii - 90% of the
      strains were inhibited by 0.125 microgram/ml. Moxalactam was highly superior
      against Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are usually resistant
      to cefamandole: the MIC100 and MIC90 were 0.25 microgram/ml and 8 microgram/ml
      respectively. High sensitivity was found in strains of Salmonella species, nine
      of which were Salmonella typhi: the MIC90 was < 0.063 microgram/ml versus the
      eightfold higher concentration of cefamandole. The broad-spectrum activity and
      unusual MIC patterns of moxalactam - eight or manyfold higher concentrations of
      cefamandole were needed to inhibit 90% of most gram-negative strains studied -
      make moxalactam an unusual and promising antibiotic.

PMID- 6447673
TI  - [In vitro activity of the oxa-beta-lactam LY 127935 against Bacteroides fragilis
      and other anaerobic gram-negative rods (author's transl)].
AB  - The susceptibility of 115 Bacteroidaceae strains to LY 127935 was determined by
      broth dilution, agar dilution and agar diffusion tests. Simultaneously, the
      strains were tested for degradation of the oxa-beta-lactam. Only five strains (3
      Bacteroides fragilis and 3 Bacteroides oralis/Bacteroides bivius) partially
      degraded LY 127935. No major discrepancies between the results of the agar
      dilution and broth dilution tests were observed. According to the results
      obtained by the agar dilution method, 50 strains of B. fragilus were inhibited by
      concentrations of less than or equal to 8 microgram oxa-beta-lactam per ml.
      Members of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group of organisms had agar dilution
      MICs of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram LY 127935 per ml and
      Fusobacterium/Sphaerophorus species were inhibited by less than or equal to 64
      microgram/ml. Strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. oralis/B. bivius and
      Bacteroides spp. were less susceptible. Due to the narrow range of MICs observed
      with B. fragilis strains, no regression line could be computed for the
      relationship between MIC and zone size.

PMID- 6447674
TI  - Calcium transport in the lens.
AB  - Evidence based on the following three observations suggests the existence of a
      calcium transport system in the mammalian lens: calcium levels in the lens are
      lower than that measured in the aqueous humor; calcium efflux is temperature
      dependent and is reduced by inhibitors of Ca++ transport; and there exists a
      calcium-acivated, magnesium-dependent ATPase. In rat, bovine, dog, and rabbit
      lenses, the concentration of total calcium was found to be approximately 0.2 mM,
      at least an order of magnitude lower than that found in the aqueous humor. To
      determine the nature of the mechanism responsible for maintaining these low
      levels, calcium fluxes were measured. During the initial rapid phase of 45Ca
      efflux, the rate at 4 degrees C was reduced by 85% compared with that found at 37
      degrees C. Efflux was not altered in the absence of external Na+. Calcium efflux
      was reduced, however, by lanthanum and propranolol, inhibitors of Ca/Mg ATPase.
      The presence of Ca/Mg ATPase was also demonstrated in the rat, bovine, and rabbit
      lens and was likewise inhibited by both lanthum and propranolol.

PMID- 6447675
TI  - Urinary oxalate excretion during anti-androgenic therapy.
AB  - We studied urinary oxalate excretion in three groups of patients with prostatic
      carcinoma who were treated with orchiectomy, estrogen, and cyproterone acetate,
      respectively. Urinary oxalate and plasma testosterone were analyzed before
      treatment and after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment. Despite a decrease in plasma
      testosterone concentration no significant change in oxalate excretion was
      detected in any group.

PMID- 6447676
TI  - Implications of mycotoxins in animal disease.
AB  - Mycotoxins are formed on animal feeds when conditions of moisture and temperature
      permit the growth of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi. In general, mycotoxins
      are low molecular weight, nonantigenic substances, many of which are relatively
      heat stable. Mycotoxins can cause acute disease episodes when animals consume
      critical quantities of them. Specific toxins affect specific organs or tissues
      such as the liver, kidney, oral and gastric mucosa, brain, or reproductive tract.
      In acute mycotoxicoses, the signs of disease often are marked and directly
      referable to the affected target organs. Most frequently, however, concentrations
      of mycotoxin in feeds are below those that cause acute disease. At lower
      concentrations, the effects of mycotoxins are more protean. They reduce the
      growth rate of young animals, and some interfere with native mechanisms of
      resistance and impair immunologic responsiveness, making the animals more
      susceptible to infection. These effects on immunity and resistance are difficult
      to recognize because the signs of disease are associated with the infection
      rather than with the mycotoxin that predisposed the animal to infection. Animals
      vary in their susceptibility to some mycotoxins, according to the species and age
      of animal; young growing animals are more susceptible to certain mycotoxins than
      are adults. The major effects, sources, and dose response relationships of
      mycotoxins important to the health of food-producing animals are presented in
      accompanying tables.

PMID- 6447677
TI  - The biological effect of a nonprotein component removed from neocarzinostatin
      (NCS).
AB  - The biological effects of both nonprotein component (NPC) and PC (protein
      component) from NCS have been studied in vivo and in vitro. NPC was found to not
      only inhibit DNA synthesis in growing cells but also induce DNA degradation in
      vivo and in vitro. However, neither these two biological activities of PC were
      detected even at a 100-times higher concentration of NPC (0.2 micrograms/ml)
      which inhibited 50% DNA synthesis in growing cells. NPC-induced DNA degradation
      in vitro was stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol as has been reported for NCS. These
      results show that the NPC removed from NCS is responsible for the biological
      activities such as the inhibition of DNA synthesis in growing cells and the
      induction of DNA degradation in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6447678
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica in Danish pigs.

PMID- 6447679
TI  - Bacteriophages and spread of resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6447680
TI  - The treatment of acne.

PMID- 6447681
TI  - Towards better antimicrobial treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 6447682
TI  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of LY127935 (6059S), a novel 1-oxa-beta
      lactam antibiotic.

PMID- 6447683
TI  - Distal radial fractures in the adult.

PMID- 6447684
TI  - Two days of internal medicine "systemic lupus erythematosus".

PMID- 6447685
TI  - Results of 1254 intraocular lenses.

PMID- 6447686
TI  - Calcific tendinitis of the wrist.

PMID- 6447687
TI  - Determination of residues of fensulfothion and its metabolites in Chinese
      cabbage, Japanese radish , and turnips.
AB  - A method was developed using a selective nitrogen-phosphorus detector to
      determine the combined total residues, as the oxygen analogs, of fensulfothion
      (O,O-diethyl O-[p-(methylsulfinyl)-phenyl] phosphorothioate) and its 3
      metabolites. The procedure was used to determine harvest residues in Chinese
      cabbage, Japanese radish, and turnips treated with 2 application rates of
      fensulfothion. Residues found after application of 2 oz active ingredient
      (AI)/100 lineal ft of row ranged from 0.026 ppm for Japanese radish to 1.543 ppm
      for turnip greens. When the application rate was doubled, the amount of residue
      found was approximately doubled.

PMID- 6447688
TI  - Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nifuroxime and furazolidone in
      pharmaceutical preparations.
AB  - Two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous
      determination of nifuroxime and furazolidone in their pharmaceutical
      preparations. No preliminary separation step is required in either method. The
      first, a modified Vierordt method, gives accurate and reproducible results for
      both drugs. Mean percent recoveries for nifuroxime and furazolidone were 99.50 +/
      1.59 and 100.20 +/- 1.16 (P = 0.05), respectively. This method also gives
      accurate and reproducible results for the determination of nifuroxime and
      furazolidone in their pharmaceutical preparations: Tricofuran vaginal
      suppositories and powder. The second method, which involves the use of the first
      derivative curves, gives unreliable results; the reasons for these are discussed.

PMID- 6447689
TI  - purF-lac fusion and direction of purF transcription in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The purF locus codes for the first enzyme, glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
      amidotransferase, of the purine biosynthetic pathway. A strain of Escherichia
      coli K-12 was isolated in which the lac structural genes were fused to the
      control region of the purF locus. This purF-lac fusion was shown to respond to
      purine-specific regulatory signals. A plaque-forming lambda transducing phage
      bearing this purF-lac fusion was isolated. This phage was used to genetically
      determine the direction of transcription for the pufF locus by two independent
      means. Results from both methods agreed that the direction of transcription of
      the purF locus was clockwise on the standard Escherichia coli K-12 genetic map.

PMID- 6447690
TI  - Determination of transcriptional units and gene products from the ftsA region of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Lambda transducing phage gamma 16-2 carries the genes envA, ftsZ, ftsA, ddl, and
      murC and directs the synthesis of six unique proteins in ultraviolet-irradiated
      cells. Various derivatives of gamma 16-2 carrying smaller segments of the
      bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid have also been analyzed for their capacity to
      direct protein synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated cells. These results, in
      combination with genetic results, have allowed the gene product of each of these
      genes to be assigned. In addition, an unidentified gene was located
      counterclockwise to murC between murC and murF. Analysis of the direction of
      transcription indicates that murC, ddl, ftsA, and ftsZ are transcribed clockwise
      on the Escherichia coli genetic map, and envA is transcribed counterclockwise. In
      addition, it is shown that each of the genes envA, ftsZ, and ftsA can be
      expressed independently.

PMID- 6447691
TI  - Synthesis and utilization of siderophores by Shigella flexneri.
AB  - Strains of Shigella flexneri secrete a hydroxamate-type siderophore when grown in
      low-iron media. This hydroxamate appears to be identical with aerobactin, a
      siderophore synthesized by Aerobacter aerogenes. In contrast to other enteric
      bacteria, S. flexneri did not produce detectable phenolate siderophores, although
      it could utilize an exogenously supplied phenolate.

PMID- 6447692
TI  - Difference in kinetic properties of phosphorylated intermediates formed in the
      forward and backward reactions of solubilized Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - Solubilized Ca2+-ATPase (SSR) was prepared by solubilizing fragmented
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) with a nonionic detergent (C12E8) then displacing
      the detergent with Tween 80, using a DEAE-cellulose column. The kinetic
      properties of the phosphorylated intermediate (EP) formed by the reaction of SSR
      with ATP were compared with those of EP formed by the reaction with Pi. The time
      course of decay of E32P formed with 4 microM AT32P in the presence of 19 mM CaCl2
      and 10 mM MgCl2 (forward reaction) was measured by adding 0.4 mM unlabeled ATP
      and 10 mM Pi at pH 6.0 and 30 degrees C. The rate of E32P decay was accelerated
      by 0.4 mM ADP. On the other hand, when the time course of decay of E32P formed
      with 10 mM 32Pi in the presence of 5 mM EGTA and 10 mM MgCl2 (backward reaction)
      was measured by adding 0.4 mM unlabeled ATP and 15 mM CaCl2, the rate of E32P
      decay was unaffected by 0.4 mM ADP. AT32P was produced on adding ADP to E32P
      formed with AT32P in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM MgCl2, while no AT32P
      was produced on adding ADP to E32P formed with 32Pi in the presence of 5 mM EGTA
      and 10 mM MgCl2, even when 15 mM CaCl2 was added simultaneously with ADP.

PMID- 6447693
TI  - New fluorogenic peptide substrates for plasmin.
AB  - Fluorogenic peptides, peptidyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides (MCA), containing COOH
      terminal lysine residues, were newly synthesized and tested as substrates for
      plasmin. Among six peptidyl-MCA's, Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA and Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA
      were found to be useful for the specific and sensitive assay of plasmin. The Km
      values estimated from Line-weaver-Burk plots for these substrates using human and
      bovine plasmins were in the region of 10(-4) M. Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA was slightly
      hydrolyzed by bovine plasma kallikrein, and Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA was slightly
      hydrolyzed by human and hog urinary kallikreins and hog pancreatic kallikrein.
      However, both of the fluorogenic peptides were essentially unaffected by
      urokinase, alpha-thrombin, Factor Xa, Factor IXa, Factor XIa, and Factor XIIa. It
      was confirmed that plasmin hydrolyzed Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA, cleaving the lysyl-MCA
      bond, but not the lysyl-lysyl bond. These fluorogenic peptides were resistant to
      human plasmin activated by streptokinase. Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA was not hydrolyzed
      by human plasmin or plasminogen in the presence of more than a 5-fold molar
      excess of streptokinase. The sensitivity of Boc-Val-Leu-Lys- of more than a 5
      fold molar excess of streptokinase. The sensitivity of Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA to
      human plasmin was also reduced, but plasmin retained 35% of the maximum activity
      even in the presence of a 20-fold molar excess of streptokinase. These results
      suggest that streptokinase-plasmin complex has essentially no activity towards
      Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-MCA.

PMID- 6447694
TI  - Inhibition of casein kinase II by heparin.
AB  - Casein kinase II, a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase from rabbit
      reticulocytes, was shown to be inhibited by heparin. Heparin specifically
      inhibited the enzyme and had no effect on other protein kinases, including casein
      kinase  I, the type I and II cAMP-dependent protein kinases, protease-activated
      kinase I, and the hemin-controlled repressor. Heparan sulfate was found to be 40
      fold less effective than heparin towards casein kinase II; other acid
      mucopolysaccharides had little or no effect on the enzymatic activity. Steady
      state studies revealed that heparin acted as a competitive inhibitor with respect
      to the substrate, casein. A value of 20 ng/ml or about 1.4 nM was obtained for
      the apparent Ki. The inhibition was not reversed by ATP and varying the ATP and
      heparin concentrations in the assay only altered the maximum velocity.

PMID- 6447695
TI  - Properties of a soluble polyprenyl phosphate. UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N
      acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase.

PMID- 6447696
TI  - Studies on the role of sulfhydryls in the myosin ATPase. Characterization of the
      site of modification by the bifunctional sulfhydryl reagent p-N,N'
      phenylenedimaleimide.
AB  - Myosin has been modified with near stoichiometric amounts of the bifunctional
      reagent [14C]p-N,N'-phenylenedimaleimide (pPDM) in the presence of MgADP under
      conditions which abolish its ATPase activity. Subsequent carboxymethylation and
      CNBr cleavage results in the 14C label being associated with a single polypeptide
      of Mr approximately 10,000. Amino acid composition and partial sequence analysis
      of this peptide showed that it corresponded to the peptide containing -SH1 and 
      SH2 sequenced by Elzinga and Collins (Elzinga, M., and Collins, J.H. (1977) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 4281-4284) and to the peptide labeled at -SH1 or -SH2
      by N-ethylmaleimide by Kunz et al. (Kunz, P.A., Walser, J.T., Watterson, J.G.,
      and Schaub, M.C. (1977) FEBS Lett. 83, 137-140). These data indicating that pPDM
      does label the -SH1- and -SH2-containing region in myosin by covalently bridging
      them and shows that in the presence of MgADP these thiols can approach to within
      12 to 14 A.

PMID- 6447697
TI  - Amylo-1,6-glucosidase/4-alpha-glucanotransferase. Reaction of rabbit muscle
      debranching enzyme with an active site-directed irreversible inhibitor, 1-S
      dimethylarsino-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

PMID- 6447698
TI  - The stereochemical course of phosphoric residue transfer during the myosin ATPase
      reaction.
AB  - When adenosine 5'-(3-thiotriphosphate), stereospecifically labeled in the gamma
      position with 18O, was hydrolyzed in the presence of myosin subfragment 1 in 17O
      enriched water, the product inorganic [16O,17O,18O]thiophosphate was chiral. The
      configuration of this product showed that the hydrolysis proceeds with inversion
      at the transferred phosphoric residue. This result suggests a direct, in-line
      hydrolysis mechanism for the ATPase.

PMID- 6447699
TI  - Methylation of newly synthesized ribosomal protein L11 in a DNA-directed in vitro
      system.
AB  - The methylation of newly synthesized ribosomal protein L11 has been obtained in
      an in vitro system using lambda rifd 18 DNA as template and S
      adenosyl[3H]methionine as methyl donor. About four methyl groups are incorporated
      per mol of L11 synthesized and the bulk of the methyl groups are present in the
      protein as trimethyl-lysine. lambda rifd 18 DNA also contains the genes for rRNA
      and newly synthesized 16 S and 23 S RNA are also methylated in this in vitro
      system.

PMID- 6447700
TI  - The phosphorylated L2 light chain of skeletal myosin is a modifier of the
      actomyosin ATPase.
AB  - Incubation of rabbit skeletal myosin with an extract of light chain kinase plus
      ATP phosphorylated the L2 light chain and modified the steady state kinetics of
      the actomyosin ATPase. With regulated actin, the ATPase activity of
      phosphorylated myosin (P-myosin) was 35 to 181% greater than that of
      unphosphorylated myosin when assayed with 0.05 to 5 micro M Ca2+. Phosphorylation
      had no effect on the Ca2+ concentration required for half-maximal activity, but
      it did increase the ATPase activity at low Ca2+. With pure actin, the percentage
      of increase in the actomyosin ATPase activity correlated with the percentage of
      phosphorylation of myosin. Steady state kinetic analyses of the actomyosin system
      indicated that 50 to 82% phosphorylation of myosin decreased significantly the
      Kapp of actin for myosin with no significant effect on the Vmax. Phosphorylaton
      of heavy meromyosin similarly modified the steady state kinetics of the acto
      heavy meromyosin system. Both the K+/EDTA- and Mg-ATPase activities of P-myosin
      and phosphorylated heavy meromyosin were within normal limits indicating that
      phosphorylaiion had not altered significantly the hydrolytic site. Phosphatase
      treatment of P-myosin decreased both the level of phosphorylation of L2 and the
      actomyosin ATPase activity to control levels for unphosphorylated myosin. It is
      concluded levels for unphosphorylated myosin. It is concluded from these results
      that the ability of P-myosin to modify the steady state kinetics of the
      actomyosin ATPase was: 1) specific for phosphorylation; 2) independent of the
      thin filament regulatory proteins.

PMID- 6447701
TI  - The purified plasma membrane ATPase of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe forms
      a phosphorylated intermediate.
AB  - An acid slab gel electrophoresis method of high-resolving power allows detection
      of a phosphorylated form in the purified ATPase of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe and identification of this catalytic intermediate among the different
      phosphopeptides of a plasma membrane preparation. At a maximum steady state rate
      of MgATP hydrolysis by the membrane-bound ATPase, 20 to 40% of the ATPase
      subunits of 100,000 daltons are in a phosphorylated form, while only 0.8% of the
      subunits of the purified ATPase are phosphorylated under the same conditions. The
      phosphorylated intermediate reaches the steady state level in less than 2 s and
      rapidly turns over. The phosphorylated substance is cleaved by hydroxylamine and
      is relatively stable in acids but is readily hydrolyzed in alkaline or in acid
      alcoholic media. These results suggest that the intermediate is an acylphosphate.
      The phosphorylation reaction has an apparent Km value of 3.0 mM MgATP for the
      plasma membrane-bound ATPase and 0.6 mM MgATP for the purified ATPase. Plasma
      membranes contain several other minor phosphorylated components whose kinetic
      behavior is typical of phosphorylation by protein kinase. Artifactual production
      of two forms of the ATPase by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride-sensitive proteases
      liberated during cell disruption is also demonstrated.

PMID- 6447702
TI  - The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting
      intervertebral compressive forces.
AB  - Cadaveric lumbar intervertebral joints were loaded to simulate the erect standing
      posture (lordosis), and the erect sitting posture (slightly flexed). The results
      show that, after the intervertebral disc has been reduced in height by a period
      of sustained loading, the apophysial joints resist about 16 per cent of the
      intervertebral compressive forces in the erect standing posture, whereas in the
      erect sitting posture they resist none. The implications of this in relationship
      to degenerative changes and to low backache are discussed.

PMID- 6447703
TI  - A mechanism of protein localization: the signal hypothesis and bacteria.
AB  - We are studying the molecular mechanism of cellular protein localization. The
      availability of genetic techniques, such as gene fusion in Escherichia coli, has
      made this problem particularly amenable to study in this prokaryote. We have
      constructed a variety of strains in which the gene coding for an outer membrane
      protein is fused to the gene coding for a normally cytoplasmic enzyme, beta
      galactosidase. The hybrid proteins produced by such strains retain beta
      galactosidase activity; this activity serves as a simple biochemical tag for
      studying the localization of the outer membrane protein. In addition, we have
      exploited phenotypes exhibited by certain fusion strains to isolate mutants that
      are altered in the process of protein export. Genetic and biochemical analyses of
      such mutants have provided evidence that the molecular mechanism of cellular
      protein localization is strinkingly similar in both bacteria and animal cells.

PMID- 6447704
TI  - Cytoplasmic inheritance of oligomycin resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Oligomycin-resistant clones were isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells by
      treatment of cells with ethidium bromide, followed by mutagenesis with
      ethylmethane sulfonate and selection in oligomycin. One clone (Olir 8.1) was
      chosen for further study. Olir 8.1 cells grow with doubling time similar to that
      of wild-type cells, whether grown in the presence or absence of drug (doubling
      time of 13-14 h). In plating efficiency experiments, Olir 8.1 cells are
      approximately 100-fold more resistant to oligomycin than are wild-type cells.
      There is approximately a 32-fold increase in the resistance to inhibition by
      oligomycin of the mitochondrial ATPase from Olir 8.1 cells. The electron
      transport chain is functional in Olir 8.1 cells. Oligomycin resistance is stable
      in the absence of selective pressure. There is little or no cross-resistance of
      Olir 8.1 cells to venturicidin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, other inhibitors of
      the mitochondrial ATPase, or to chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial
      protein synthesis. Oligomycin resistance is dominant in hybrids between Olir 8.1
      cells and wild-type cells. Fusions of enucleated Olir 8.1 cells with sensitive
      cells and characterization of the resulting "cybrid" clones indicates that
      oligomycin resistance in Olir 8.1 cells is cytoplasmically inherited.

PMID- 6447705
TI  - Dynein-like Mg2+-ATPase in mitotic spindles isolated from sea urchin embryos
      (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis).
AB  - Two distinctly different ATPases have been reported to be endogenous to the
      mitotic apparatus: a Mg2+-ATPase resembling axonemal dynein, and a Ca2+-ATPase
      postulated to be bound in membranes. To examine the nature of the Mg2+-ATPase, we
      isolated membrane-free mitotic spindles from Stronglylocentrotus droebachiensis
      embryos by rapidly lysing these in a calcium-chelating, low-ionic-strength buffer
      (5 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM PIPES, pH 6.8) that contained 1% Nonidet P-40.
      The fibrous isolated mitotic spindles closely resembled spindles in living cells,
      both in general morphology and in birefringence. In electron micrographs, the
      spindles were composed primarily of microtubules, free from membranes and highly
      extracted of intermicrotubular cytoplasmic ground substance. As analyzed by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the pelleted spindles contain 18%
      tubulin, variable amounts of actin (2-8%), and an unidentified protein of 55
      kdaltons in a constant weight ratio to tubulin (1:2.5). The isolated spindles
      also contained two polypeptides, larger than 300 kdaltons, that comigrated with
      egg dynein polypeptides, and ATPase activity (0.02 mumol Pi/mg . min) that
      closely resembled both flagellar and egg dynein. The spindle Mg2+-ATPase showed a
      ratio of Ca2+-/Mg2+-ATPase = 0.85, had minimal activity in KCl and EDTA, and
      cleaved GTP at 35% of the rate of ATP. The Mg2+-ATPase was insensitive to ouabain
      or oligomycin. The spindle Mg2+-ATPase was inhibited by sodium vanadate but, like
      egg dynein, was less sensitive to vanadate than flagellar dynein. The spindle
      Mg2+-ATPase does not resemble the mitotic Ca2+-ATPase described by others. We
      propose that the spindle Mg2+-ATPase is egg dynein. Bound carbohydrate on the two
      high-molecular-weight polypeptides of both egg dynein and the spindle enzyme
      suggest that these proteins may normally associate with membranes in the living
      cell.

PMID- 6447706
TI  - Augmentation of erythroid burst formation by the addition of thymocytes and other
      myelo-lymphoid cells.
AB  - Bone marrow from barrier-sustained specific pathogen-free (SPF) CBA and C57BL/6
      mice gave relatively low numbers of BFU-E colonies in methylcellulose culture, as
      compared to conventional mice. Addition of thymocytes to the marrow cultures
      increased the yield of BFU-E colonies more than fourfold in SPF mice but only 1.5
      fold in conventional mice. Colony size was also increased. Increased yield of BFU
      E colonies was also obtained by co-culture of bone marrow with lymph node cells
      or with bone marrow or spleen cells from 900R whole-body irradiated mice. The
      effect appeared to be cellular rather than humoral. It was not reproduced by
      conditioned medium from thymus or pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen cells. The
      helper effect of thymus cells was eliminated or reduced by freezing and thawing,
      or by 48 hours of incubation after irradiation. Treatment of bone marrow cells in
      vitro with anti-theta serum and complement did not decrease the number of BFU-E
      colonies. The putative helper cells appear not to be T cells, were non-adherent
      to the plastic culture dish, and were cortisone resistant and radioresistant. The
      low BFU-E colony yield from SPF mouse marrow is presumed to be largely the result
      of deficiency of these non-T helper cells in SPF bone marrow, rather than of BFU
      E progenitor cells.

PMID- 6447707
TI  - Potency of the effect of D-stereoisomer of aminoglutethimide on adrenal and
      extraadrenal steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6447708
TI  - Evidence for dissociation between adrenarche and gonadarche: studies in patients
      with idiopathic precocious puberty, gonadal dysgenesis, isolated gonadotropin
      deficiency, and constitutionally delayed growth and adolescence.

PMID- 6447709
TI  - 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate release of glycosyltransferases from human
      blood cells.
AB  - The mononuclear cells separated from human blood by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation
      contained and released sialyltransferase, galactosyltransferase, and
      fucosyltransferase. Granulocytes contained and released lesser amounts of
      glycosyltransferases, whereas platelets released more fucosyltransferase than
      sialyltransferase or galactosyltransferase. When mononuclear cells were incubated
      with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the release of these three
      glycosyltransferases increased two- to six-fold, and cell suspension
      glycosyltransferase activities decreased 10-50%. Mononuclear cells were
      fractionated into lymphocytes and monocytes using baby hamster kidney cells
      microexudate-coated flasks. TPA stimulated the release of glycosyltransferases
      from lymphocytes but not from monocytes. The release of glycosyltransferases by
      TPA-treated mononuclear cells was not further stimulated by reincubation with TPA
      and was not affected by puromycin, cAMP, or cGMP. Concanavalin A, a mitogenic
      stimulator of lymphocytes, also stimulated the release of glycosyltransferases
      from mononuclear cells, but to a lesser extent. TPA did not stimulate the release
      of 5'-nucleotidase or decrease its activity on the cell pellet. Triton X-100
      (0.2%) stimulated the release of glycosyltransferases to the same extent as TPA,
      but also caused the release of 5'-nucleotidase. [(3)H]TPA bound specifically and
      reversibly to mononuclear cells. The possible relationship between
      glycosyltransferase release and TPA effect on the plasma membrane is discussed.

PMID- 6447710
TI  - Autologous rosette-forming T cells as the responding cells in human autologous
      mixed-lymphocyte reaction.
AB  - Autologous rosette-forming cells (Tar cells) have surface and functional
      characteristics of post-thymic precursors and among these characteristics there
      are some that have been identified in the responsive cell of the autologous mixed
      lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). We therefore did AMLR with circulating mononuclear
      cells from normal subjects using as responding cells either total T cells, T
      cells depleted of Tar cells, or purified Tar cells. The response of Tar cells in
      AMLR was significantly greater than that of total T cells and these responded
      significantly more than Tar-depleted T cells. Conversely, Tar cells responded
      less than total T cells or T cells depleted of Tar cells in allogeneic mixed
      lymphocyte reactions. Increasing numbers of Tar cells gave significantly greater
      AMLR responses both alone and when added to diminishing proportions of Tar
      depleted T cells to keep the number of T cells constant in the system. Tar cells
      are the responding cells in AMLR but not in allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte
      reactions.

PMID- 6447711
TI  - Personality profiles of physically impaired young adults.
AB  - Investigated MMPI profile differences between two groups (N = 54) of young adults
      with dissimilar disabilities (cleft lip/palate, orthopedic) who displayed
      observable physical impairment. The results indicate that different forms of
      chronic observable disability may have differing impact on adult personality
      adjustment. The findings suggest that young adults with cleft lip/palate display
      fewer personality adjustment problems than those with orthopedic impairment.
      These results are discussed in relation to findings from a previous study of
      similar disability groups of adolescents.

PMID- 6447712
TI  - Emotional disturbance and chronic low back pain.
AB  - Treated chronic low back pain patients (N = 102) in a university hospital clinic.
      Ss were given the EPI, the Recent LIfe Changes Questionnaire, and the Locus of
      Control Scale in order to isolate the principal dimensions of emotional
      disturbance in such patients and to see whether derived dimensions were related
      to response to conservative treatment for back pain. Self-report ratings of
      current pain intensity were obtained approximately 1 year after the start of
      treatment. Factor analysis revealed five factors: Distrust and alienation,
      somatic concern, vulnerability, extraversion, and social desirability; these
      accounted for 71% of the total variance among patients. Patients with above
      average pretreatment distrust and alienation scores more frequently failed to
      return the follow-up form than patients with below-average scores. Low scores on
      somatic concern were related to good outcome. Results suggest that patients in
      alienation and distrust may be prone to be poor compliers. Because only the
      somatic concern dimension predicted outcome, a single scale that measures this
      characteristic may be sufficient for effective identification of the potential
      good vs. poor responders to conservative treatment of low back pain.

PMID- 6447713
TI  - Dermatologic therapy: December, 1978, through November, 1979.

PMID- 6447714
TI  - Penetration of topical clindamycin into comedones.
AB  - Comedones were removed from patients on topical clindamycin and assayed for that
      antibiotic by of two methods. Prominent levels were found in eight of ten
      patients by one bioassay method. Once whole comedones from a patient were found
      to be positive, other comedones were microdissected to separate the external and
      internal portions. Prominent levels of clindamycin were found in the inner
      portion as early as 2 weeks. Further, the antibiotic could always be found in the
      internal portion when it was present in the external layers. Using the more
      sensitive of two bioassay methods, the whole comedonal level of clindamycin
      ranged from 0 to 5 microgram/mg of comedonal material, with an average level of
      0.824 microgram/mg. The significance of this is discussed.

PMID- 6447715
TI  - Mixed connective tissue disease: a case with circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 6447716
TI  - Feeding children with Down's syndrome.
AB  - A retrospective chart review of forty-nine children with Down's syndrome between
      the ages of six months and six and a half years seen before 1970 showed that 80
      per cent had problems related to food or feeding. An interdisciplinary
      intervention program utilizing group sessions introduced in 1970 is described. In
      twenty-one children, most of the nutritional, behavioral, and environmental
      problems surrounding food previously encountered in children with Down's syndrome
      were successfully prevented or remedied. The incidence of obesity in Down's
      syndrome was reduced but not eliminated. Except for parental susceptibility to
      food faddism, most professional concerns regarding food and eating were non
      existent in sixteen of the children reevaluated in a follow-up six years after
      the intervention program.

PMID- 6447717
TI  - The differential usage of services by impaired elderly.
AB  - Why do some clients use institutional services, while other, with comparable
      impairment, use community based services? To answer this question, a matching
      procedure paired clients from the two types of service provision. Sixty-six
      clients, ages 62 and over, were matched for functional ability as rated on a 6
      item ADL scale (Katz, et al., 1970). A discriminant function analysis was
      performed, with the setting of service provision as the criterion variable. The
      results indicated that the institutional group was more likely than their
      community counterparts: (a) to have had previous service contact with other
      service providers; (b) to have less support available within the community
      setting from family members or friends; (c) to be more impaired in the areas of
      mental health and social resources.

PMID- 6447718
TI  - Achievement of age synchrony in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PMID- 6447719
TI  - Levels of duplicate gene expression in armoured catfishes.
AB  - Species of armoured catfishes differ significantly in their cellular DNA content
      and chromosome number. Starch gel electrophoresis of isozymes was used to
      determine whether each of 16 enzyme loci was expressed in a single or duplicate
      state. The percent of enzyme loci exhibiting duplicate locus expression in
      Corydoras aeneus, Corydoras julii, Corydoras melanistius, and Corydoras myersi
      was 37.5 percent, 18.75 percent, 12.5 percent, and 6.25 percent, respectively.
      The percentage of loci expressed in duplicate is higher in the species with
      higher haploid DNA contents, which are 4.4 pg, 3.0 pg, and 2.3 pg, respectively.
      These differences in DNA contents are also associated with differences in
      chromosome number. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that increases
      in DNA contents and enzyme loci occur both by tetraploidization and by regional
      gene duplication and that these increases are then followed by a partial loss of
      DNA and a reduction in the number of the duplicate isozyme loci expressed. Such
      analyses provide insight into the mechanisms of genome amplification and
      reduction as well as insights into the fats of duplicate genes.

PMID- 6447720
TI  - Epidemiological studies of Q fever in the area of Dzhambul in the Kazakh SSR.
AB  - The frequency of Q fever in the area of Dzhabmul varies from 1.0 [district of
      Kurdayi, 1968] to 18.1 [district of Talass, 1972] for 100,000 inhabitants. The
      lower incidence of Q fever in the rural population, compared to that of
      inhabitants of towns, is closely associated with the development of early
      immunity. Farm animals are the main source of infection. The persistent
      circulation of Rickettsia burneti among wild life is maintained by wild
      mammallans and ticks Ixodes.

PMID- 6447721
TI  - Feeding and nutrition problems of physically and mentally handicapped children in
      Britain: a report.

PMID- 6447722
TI  - Functional differences between cells from MLR colonies grown in soft agar
      cultures.
AB  - This report describes a method of growing soft agar colonies of human T
      lymphocytes activated in the MLR. Two types of colonies were demonstrated: lower
      colonies grew within the agar layer, and upper colonies grew on the surface of
      the agar layer. Three days of priming the lymphocytes in the MLR and the use of
      supernatants of day-3 MLR cultures to provide T cell colony growth factor were
      necessary for optimal colony formation. Lymphocytes obtained from colonies were
      grown in long-term (2 to 4 weeks) cultures to generate sufficient numbers of
      cells to be tested in different functional assays. Cells from both types of
      colonies exhibited PLT activity. Upper colony cells showed considerably higher
      CML activity than lower colony cells (mean percent cytotoxicity 37 +/- 5 vs 6 +/-
      3). Cells from both types of colonies contained radiosensitive suppressor cell
      activity that inhibited the primary MLR. The suppressor cell effect of lower
      colony cells was specific for the original stimulator, but upper colony cells
      displayed nonspecific suppressive effects. For both types of colony cells, it
      appeared that suppressive effects were unrelated to the CML activity of these
      cells. These data suggest that the soft agar colony assay offers a promising
      approach to separate subpopulations of lymphocytes activated in the MLR.

PMID- 6447723
TI  - Fractionation of lymphocyte populations with monoclonal antibodies specific for
      LYT-2.2 and LYT-3.1.

PMID- 6447724
TI  - T cells and macrophages involved in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction are
      required for the response to conventional antigen.

PMID- 6447725
TI  - Immune responses to weakly immunogenic virally induced tumors. VI. Comparison of
      the immune response of the hybrid to the immune responses of the parents reveals
      "hybrid responsiveness" effect.

PMID- 6447726
TI  - Characterization of cloned murine cytolytic T cell lines.
AB  - Murine cytolytic T lymphocytes can be kept in continuous culture apparently
      indefinitely by repeated passage in a concanavalin A-induced growth promoting
      medium. Some of these long-term cell lines maintain their cytolytic activity.
      Starting from three such populations, several cloned cytolytic T cell lines were
      derived and subsequently subcloned one or more times. Considerable variation in
      the levels of cytolytic activity was observed between different subclones; some
      initially active subclones lost activity with prolonged culture. In addition, one
      of the clones appeared to progressively lose the relative specificity
      demonstrated during the earlier passages of the parent cell line.

PMID- 6447727
TI  - Immunologic abnormalities in HRS/J mice. I. Specific deficit in T lymphocyte
      helper function in a mutant mouse.
AB  - An immunologic analysis of mutants HRS/J mice was done comparing hr/hr
      homozygotes to hr/+ heterozygotes. It was shown that hr/hr spleen but not lymph
      node cells show a defect specific for functions associated with T helper cells as
      compared to hr/+ littermates. This defect, which is expressed by depressed
      proliferative responses to alloantigens, does not affect the ability of hr/hr
      spleen cells to respond normally to T cell mitogens nor does it affect their
      ability to generate normal cytotoxic effector cells in vitro. It is further
      suggested that this defect is due to an abnormality in thymus epithelium, which
      is also related to the high grade expression of xenotropic virus in old hr/hr
      thymocytes and subsequent development of leukemia.

PMID- 6447728
TI  - Self recognition by autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction-primed cells.
AB  - Human T cells were separated with neuraminidase-treated autologous erythrocytes
      into auto-rosette-forming cells (ARFC) and non-ARFC (N-ARFC). These 2 subsets
      were examined for reactivity to autologous non-T cells. When N-ARFC were
      stimulated by autologous non-T cells, blastogenesis was weak; ARFC, however,
      proliferated vigorously. ARFC were revealed to be the major subset that responded
      and proliferated in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). AMLR-primed
      cells were restimulated by autologous or allogeneic non-T cells to study self
      recognition in relation to HLA complex. Self recognition by AMLR-primed cells was
      closely related to HLA complex, and absolute identity of HLA complex was
      necessary to recognize allogeneic cells as self. In addition, in respect to the
      responder cell difference between AMLR and allogeneic MLR, the reactivity of 2
      kinds of cells (i.e., AMLR-primed cells and alloreactive cells) strongly
      suggested that autoreactive T cells were distinguished from alloreactive T cells.

PMID- 6447729
TI  - Generation of autoreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes by spontaneously established
      autologous lymphoblastoid cell line.
AB  - Using spontaneously established autologous and allogeneic LCL as stimulator and
      target cells, we studied the generation of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      (CTL) in primary and secondary autologous MLC. In the primary autologous MLC,
      cytotoxic activity was detected on the 6th day and was found to be specific to
      autologous LCL. In the secondary autologous MLC, cytotoxic activity was detected
      earlier on the 3rd day, and was at a higher level than in the case of the primary
      autologous MLC. This cytotoxic activity was induced in both the primary and the
      secondary autologous MLC when T lymphocytes were used as responder cells. When
      autologous LCL-primed lymphocytes were used as responder cells in the secondary
      MLC, autologous LCL-specific CTL were not only generated by autologous LCL but
      also by allogeneic LCL, and the autologous LCL-specific CTL induced by allogeneic
      LCL was thought to be due to the nonspecific helper effect of allogeneic LCL
      stimulation.

PMID- 6447730
TI  - Regulation of immune response in allogeneic mixed spleen cell cultures. I.
      Influence of I-region on the generation of suppressor cells.
AB  - The immune responses of allogeneic mixed spleen cell cultures (MLC) to the T
      dependent antigen, SRBC, and to the T-independent antigen, DNP-PAA, were
      investigated. The immune response to DNP-PAA in MLC with certain strain
      combinations was always suppressed as compared with the expected PFC response
      calculated from the PFC responses of the individual strains. This suppression was
      eliminated by treating the spleen cells with RAMB antiserum plus complement
      before the incubation of the MLC with DNP-PAA. It can be concluded that the
      suppression in the PFC response to the T-independent antigen DNP-PAA in MLC is
      due to the generation of suppressor T-cells. The PFC response to the T-dependent
      antigen, SRBC, in MLC showed either suppression, no change, or rarely
      augmenation, suggesting that the allogeneic mixed spleen cell cultures can
      generate both suppressor and helper T cells and that the balance between helper
      and suppressor activity regulates the PFC response to a T-dependent antigen.
      Suppressor activity was also generated in a one-way MLC, but the degree of
      suppression depended upon which of the two strains was responding. Similar
      amounts of thymidine were incorporated in the one-way MLR irrespective of which
      strains was responding. Thus, the extent of proliferation in one-way MLR is not
      related to the degree of suppressor activity generated. The results further
      indicate that a difference between two strains in the I-C, S, and G regions of
      the major histocompatibility complex is required to generate suppressor activitiy
      that can depress the response to a T-independent antigen, MLC between strains
      differing in K, I-A, I-B, I-J, I-E, and D regions generate little or no
      suppressor activity in this system.

PMID- 6447731
TI  - Molecular relationships between large membrane proteins (LMP) expressed on T and
      B lymphocytes.
AB  - Clones prepared from day 5 mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were examined for the
      expression of large (170,000- to 200,000-dalton) membrane proteins (LMP), found
      on bulk cultures of resting and allogeneically activated T lymphocytes. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of these proteins
      indicates both bulk populations and noncytotoxic clones express LMP of similar
      m.w. Peptide mapping further indicates that LMP of 187,000 (187K) and 200K
      daltons, found on T cells from bulk cultures or clones and the 220K dalton LMP
      from B cells, all appear to have a very similar peptide composition. This
      suggests a single protein (or series of closely related proteins) is
      differentially processed in functionally disparate populations, and hence may
      serve as a differentiation antigen for these populations.

PMID- 6447732
TI  - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in strains of mice with autoimmune
      disease.
AB  - We have studied the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) in 3 strains of
      mice with autoimmune disease. T cell proliferation to autologous non-T cells
      occurs in young mice of these 3 strains (as it does in normal mice) but is absent
      or greatly reduced in older mice of strains with autoimmune disease. Reciprocal
      mixing experiments revealed that the defect in the AMLR of the older mice resides
      in the responder T cell population. Further analysis of the cells participating
      in the AMLR of young mice of the B/W F1 strain revealed that: 1) a Thy 1- and Ly1
      positive responder cell was necessary at the start of the culture to initiate the
      AMLR; 2) the cells present after 5 days of culture contained very few, if any,
      Ly123 cells in the B/W F1 strain compared with the normal C57BL/6 strain; and 3)
      the stimulating cell appear to be a macrophage, and an Ia-bearing cell must be
      present for the reaction to occur.

PMID- 6447733
TI  - Genetics of Chinese hamster mixed lymphocyte reactivity.
AB  - Two-way and one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) with Chinese Hamster
      peripheral blood lymphocytes were performed. Reduction of the culture surface and
      additon of 2-mercaptoethanol to the culture medium gives a marked enhancement of
      the reactivity of low numbers of lymphocytes in the MLC. Genetic analysis of the
      mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) in the animals studied so far indicates that
      three or four different alleles are involved. However, not all phenotypes could
      be traced. The samples of different stocks of Chinese Hamsters in Europe and the
      United States did not all share the same alleles and the samples were also
      different as regards the relative frequency of phenotypes. For DNA inhibition in
      stimulating cells mitomycin C treatment is less suitable than irradiation. Skin
      graft survival time was longer in animals which showed no MLR than in animals
      with a positive MLR.

PMID- 6447734
TI  - Endothelium lined arterial prostheses: a single-staged preparation.

PMID- 6447735
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis in the hamster.
AB  - Allergic contact dermatitis to strong, low molecular weight contact allergens can
      regularly be induced in the hamster. By its clinical course, histopathology and
      susceptibility to intensification with complete Freund's adjuvant, this
      hypersensitivity appears congruent with the allergic contact dermatitis observed
      in other experimental animals and the allergic contact dermatitis seen in humans.
      Further, in the hamster, we find that pretreatment with cyclophosphamide
      intensifies the acquisition of allergic contact dermatitis to
      dinitrochlorobenzene and to oxazolone; the target of cyclophosphamide
      immunopotentiation has been shown in the mouse and guinea pig to be a regulator
      suppressor cell. In addition, we have induced in the hamster specific immune
      tolerance to dinitrochlorobenzene with dinitrobenzene sulfonate; in the mouse and
      guinea pig it has been demonstrated that the induction of specific immune
      tolerance to contact allergens by parenteral hapten involves the elaboration of
      specific suppressor cells. These findings, then, imply the existence of
      regulatory suppressor cells for T-cell phenomena in the hamster. This contrasts
      with reports that suppressor cell function in hamsters, as against other rodents,
      is defective as it relates to the regulation of, for instance, allogeneic
      reactions, antibody formation and tolerance to contact allergens.

PMID- 6447736
TI  - Suppressor function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with
      psoriasis vulgaris.
AB  - The suppressor activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was investigated in
      25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. In the psoriatic patients the suppressor
      activity was found to be significantly lower than in the control group, which
      suggests that the weak suppressor activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      this disease.

PMID- 6447737
TI  - Role of suppressor cells in experimental pyelonephritis.
AB  - The effect of suppressor cells on the synthesis of antibody and development of
      antigen-responsive lymphocytes was studied in rabbits with pyelonephritis
      produced with Escherichia coli O6:K13:H1. The responsiveness of splenic
      lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), which was reduced early in infection,
      was restored by preincubation of cells with indomethacin. The response of
      lymphocytes to E. coli antigen was also suppressed early. Indomethacin increased
      response to PHA but did not affect response to antigen. Rabbits given
      indomethacin from days 1-3 of infection had a delay in suppressor cell activity
      until day 9, but this early inhibition had no effect on synthesis of
      immunoglobulin or antibody or on serum levels of IgM or IgG. Thus, activity of
      splenic suppressor cells in pyelonephritis can be diminished by indomethacin, an
      inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, but the suppressor cells do not appear to
      influence the immune response or activities of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes
      such as antibody formation in experimental pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6447738
TI  - Vectorcardiographic assessment of anterior and apical myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6447739
TI  - The anterior displacement of the QRS loop as a right ventricular conduction
      disturbance. Electrophysiologic and vectorcardiographic study in man.
AB  - Anterior displacement (AD) of the QRS horizontal loop (Frank VCG method) was
      induced by programmed right atrial stimulation (PRAS) in 15 cases. When AD
      occurred we noticed changes of the terminal QRS vectors and of the T loop similar
      to those observed in incomplete right bundle branch block (RBBB). The
      increasingly anticipated extrastimuli induced progressively the AD and then
      progressive degrees of RBBB. The anterior shifting of the efferent limb never
      appeared after the induction of RBBB. A left conduction disturbance never
      appeared after the AD. In cases of supposed incomplete left bundle branch block
      (i.e. left ventricular hypertrophy) the QRS duration decreased when the AD was
      induced. Therefore, the AD induced by PRAS and probably those observed in some
      clinical cases are due to a right ventricular conduction disturbance.

PMID- 6447740
TI  - Evidence for the participation of opioids in the regulation of carbohydrate
      metabolism in rat mammary glands.
AB  - The possible involvement of opioids in carbohydrate metabolism in rat mammary
      glands was investigated by studying the effects of administration of morphine and
      naloxone on six enzymes. Morphine inhibited phosphofructokinase (PFK) and
      stimulated phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) activities. Nalozone treatment alone, to
      both intact and ovariectomized/adrenalectomized animals, resulted in stimulation
      of PFK and inhibition of PHI activities. A combined dose of morphine and naloxone
      to intact animals showed that the opiate antagonist was able to reverse the
      morphine-induced changes. Evidence is presented to show that the changes observed
      in PHI activity may be the result of the indirect action of opioids on
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. However, the changes observed in PFK
      activity might be the result of direct action of opioids. Failure to observe
      changes in enzyme acstivities after naloxone treatment of hypophysectomized
      animals suggests the opiate antagonist might be acting on the pituitary gland to
      block the release of endorphins.

PMID- 6447741
TI  - Ia antigen on peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in man. II. Functional
      studies of HLA-DR-positive T cells activated in mixed lymphocyte reactions.
AB  - Blast transformation of T cells in response to allogeneic lymphocytes is followed
      by expression of HLA-DR antigen on up to 60% of the T cells. Murine monoclonal
      antibody to HLA-DR antigen was used to separate alloactivated T cells into those
      T cells that express high quantities of DR antigen (DR+) and those that express
      little or no DR antigen (DR-), and each population was tested in a variety of
      assays. DR+, but not DR-, T cells stimulated fresh allogeneic and autologous T
      cells to proliferate and supported proliferation by fresh autologous T cells to
      soluble antigens. Alloactivated T cells were suppressive of fresh mixed
      lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and suppression by irradiated DR+ T cells was specific
      for the DR antigens of the initial stimulator cell. Suppression of the MLR by DR+
      T cells was not a result of altered kinetics or cell-mediated cytotoxicity. DR+ T
      cells released soluble factors that suppressed fresh allogeneic responses. These
      data indicate that alloactivated DR+ T cells may provide antigen-specific
      feedback inhibition of the MLR.

PMID- 6447742
TI  - HLA-DR on T and non-T mononuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 6447743
TI  - Human alloimmune sera against T cell subsets. Detection and influence on pokeweed
      mitogen-stimulated Ig production in vitro.
AB  - Sera from multiparous women contain antibodies against T cell subsets. Population
      and family studies of four anti-T cell-subset antibodies are given. Two of these
      reacted with part of the suppressor T cell fraction (T gamma) and two with part
      of the helper T cell fraction (T mu) cells. By mixing T gamma- and mu-enriched
      cell suspensions in different concentrations, preliminary evidence was obtained
      that the anti-T cell-subset sera recognized T cells that had different functions
      in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis.

PMID- 6447744
TI  - Suppression of the human allogenetic response in vitro with primed lymphocytes
      and suppressive supernates.
AB  - Human lymphocytes primed in vitro by allogeneic cells develop lymphocyte
      populations with different functions. Cells with a memory of the allogeneic
      contact and cytotoxic effectors have been identified previously. We now report on
      a third lymphocyte population generated by repeated in vitro sensitization. This
      is of suppressor lymphocytes that can inhibit the primary proliferation of
      unsensitized lymphocytes. Our experiments indicate that these human suppressor
      cells are most probably T lymphocytes, adherent to glass or nylon wool, and
      radioresistant. They derive from both the large blast cells and the small,
      nondividing lymphocytes that are observed on day 7 of the allogeneic response.
      The suppressor cells release suppressor factor(s) upon restimulation. Studies on
      the specificity of the suppression have shown that suppressor cells are specific
      to the HLA-DR antigens presented by stimulator lymphocytes and that they probably
      release the suppressor factor only when confronted with the specific HLA-DR
      antigen. However, when the suppressor factor is produced, the proliferative
      response to any stimulating cell is inhibited regardless of its HLA-DR antigens.
      On the other hand, the suppressor factor can only suppress the proliferation of
      lymphocytes from some individuals. This restriction suggests that suppression can
      only occur when the producer of the suppressor factor and the responding
      lymphocytes that are being tested, have some identities in common. No evidence in
      favor of an HLA-D restriction has been obtained so far.

PMID- 6447745
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. X. Soluble factors that
      generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were not generated in an autologous mixed
      lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the presence of human AB serum. No CTL were
      generated in cultures that contained T cells and irradiated autologous,
      allogenetic, or hapten-modified autologous T lymphocytes. However, when
      allogeneic T lymphocytes or hapten-modified autologous T lymphocytes were added
      to an autologous MLR, specific CTL were generated. Furthermore, supernatant
      medium from an autologous MLR allowed the generation of specific CTL in T cell
      cultures to which allogeneic T cells or hapten-modified autologous T cells were
      added.

PMID- 6447746
TI  - Regulation of immune response.

PMID- 6447747
TI  - An HLA-linked immune suppression gene in man.
AB  - Genetic control of immune response in man was investigated with the system of
      antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro against streptococcal cell wall
      (SCW) antigen. Family analysis by Morton's maximum likelihood scoring method
      revealed that the low response to SCW antigen was controlled by a single dominant
      gene. Furthermore, this gene was shown to be closely linked to HLA (lod score was
      3,209 at theta = 0). This is the first description of the HLA-linked immune
      suppression gene in man. The possible mechanism for this gene action was
      discussed.

PMID- 6447748
TI  - Immune response genes.

PMID- 6447749
TI  - Quantitative studies on T cell diversity. I. Determination of the precursor
      frequencies for two types of streptococcus A-specific helper cells in nonimmune,
      polyclonally activated splenic T cells.
AB  - A limiting-dilution system is described that makes use of T cell growth factor T
      cell expansion and allows the determination of precursor frequencies for various
      regulatory and effector T cells in nonimmune, polyclonally, or specifically
      activated T cell populations. Two different sets, a frequent and a rare set, of T
      helper cell precursors with specificity for trinitrophenyl-group A streptococcal
      vaccine, could be identified: the frequent set is of the Lyt-123 phenotype, and
      is present at frequencies of from 1/1,000 to 1/6,000 splenic T cells. It is only
      active at low cell numbers, whereas it is completely inactivated at greater cell
      numbers, presumably by suppressor T cells of lower frequency but greater potency.
      The rare set is of the Lyt-1 phenotype, is present at frequencies of from
      1/10,000 to 1/70,000, and is not sensitive to suppressor cells present within the
      tested cell numbers. We suggest that the frequent set contains primiary helper
      cell precursors, whereas the rare set contains helper T memory cells preselected
      by previous exposure to other antigens. The results are discussed with respect to
      other reports on the involvement of more than one set of helper cells in antibody
      production.

PMID- 6447750
TI  - Differential major histocompatibility complex-related activation of idiotypic
      suppressor T cells. Suppressor T cells cross-reactive to two distantly related
      lysozymes are not induced by one of them.
AB  - B10 (H-2b) mice are genetic nonresponders to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and the
      distantly related human lysozyme (HUL). However, anti-HEL or anti-HUL primary
      antibody responses in vivo or in vitro can be obtained in B10 mice by
      immunization with the appropriate lysozyme coupled to erythrocytes. T cells able
      to suppress either anti-lysozyme plaque-forming cells (PFC) response are induced
      in B10 mice after immunization with HEL-complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or HUL
      CFA. This cross-reactivity of HEL and HUL in the induction and the expression of
      suppressive activity is in marked contrast to their very low cross-reactivity at
      the PFC level. These results suggest that either HEL or HUL can stimulate a
      suppressor T cell which recognizes a particular epitope present on both
      lysozymes. Suppressor cells induced by HEL or HUL bear the same predominant
      idiotype found on the majority of anti-HEL antibodies, and on the small
      proportion of anti-HUL antibodies cross-reactive with HEL. B10.Q (H-2q) mice are
      responders in vivo to HEL-CFA, but not to HUL-CFA. In contrast to B10, HEL-CFA
      priming in B10.Q micr induces helper cells whereas HUL-CFA priming induces
      suppressor cells. These suppressor cells are cross-reactive with HEL and are
      fully able to suppress HEL-specific helper cells. The presence of HEL-specific
      suppressor cell precursors in B10.Q mice which are not activated by HEL, seems to
      implicate differential choice by the antigen presenting system as a basis for Ir
      gene control, rather than the absence of a regulatory cell type from the T cell
      repertoire.

PMID- 6447751
TI  - Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. III. Nature and
      significance of specific suppression of cell-mediated immunity in mice highly
      susceptible to Leishmania tropica.
AB  - BALB/c mice have been an exceptional susceptibility to Leishmania tropica
      infection such that cutaneous lesions grow without restraint in all cases leading
      to fatal metastasis and visceralization in normal and x-irradiated, bone-marrow
      reconstituted (XBM) animals. Adult thymectomized, x-irradiated, bone marrow
      reconstituted (ATxXBM) BALB/c mice, however, show pronounced retardation of
      lesion growth leading to some survival and even cures. A similar trend was also
      found in moderately susceptible (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 mice, in contrast with the
      "resistant" CBA strain, in which, as previously known, ATxXBM animals showed
      impairment of normal, spontaneous self-healing. These convere effects are
      paralleled by respective leishmania-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
      reactivities, prior thymectomy leading to diminution in CBA and augmentation in
      BALB/c and (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1. Anti-leishmanial DTH responses, amplfiable by
      cyclophosphamide pretreatment, can be detected in BALB/c mice within 10 d of
      infection with 2 X 10(7) promastigotes, but becomes near-totally suppressed by
      day 25-35. No such suppressin is found in CBA, C57BL/6, or (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1
      mice together with varying degrees of immune control of lesion development or
      regression. Suppression of DTH in BALB/c mice is leishmania specific and does not
      extent to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or sheep erythrocytes specificities.
      Spleen cells from suppressed L. tropica-infected mice when transferred to normal
      BALB/c mice impaired the induction of DTH to leishmanial antigen. This property
      resided in the T cell-enriched fraction and not in the T cell-depleted fraction.
      It is concluded that a major component of the striking inability of BALB/c mice
      to control L. tropica infection involves profound impairment of a potentially
      curative cell-mediated immune response by suppressor T cell generation. The
      possibility is discussed that this may be secondary to rapid amastigote (antigen)
      accumulation in macrophages expressing the primary genetic "defect."

PMID- 6447752
TI  - Specificity of cytotoxic T cells from athymic mice.
AB  - In normal mice, self-H-2 antigens in the thymus have a profound influence on T
      cell specificity. We have therefore investigated the properties of cytotoxic T
      lymphocyte (CTL) precursors from athymic nude mice (5) with the notion that they
      may provide a model system for the study of T cells whose receptro specificity is
      closer to the germ-line-encoded repertoire. It was found that the precursors of
      nude CTL are, themselves, THy-1+ cells. The possibility that these nude t cells
      were derived from the phenotypically normal mother by placental transfer was
      ruled out. In the presence of T cell growth factor, nude CTL can be induced by
      polyclonal activation with concanavalin A or by stimulation with allogeneic or
      trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic stimulator cells, but not by stimulation
      with minor H antigens in the context of self-H-2. Alloreactive, nude CTL--like
      those from normal mice--recognize H-2K- and H-2D-region-encoded antigens in
      killer-target cell interactions, but, unlike normal CTL, did not cross-react on
      third-party target cells. Whereas the anti-TNP response of nude mice is H-2
      restricted, it does not seem to be influenced by self-H-2 antigens in the same
      manner as in normal mice. This is suggested by the finding that the
      immunodominance of H-2k over H-2d in the anti-TNP-self response of normal (H-2d X
      H-2b)F1 mice is absent in (H-2d X H-2k)F1 nude mice. These observations are
      discussed in relation to the role of the thymus in the generation of the normal
      mature T cell receptor repertoire.

PMID- 6447753
TI  - Cellular basis of graft versus host tolerance in chimeras prepared with total
      lymphoid irradiation.
AB  - BALB/c mice given allogeneic (C57BL/Ka) bone marrow cells after toal lymphoid
      irradiation become stable chimeras approximately 80% donor-type and 20% host-type
      cells in the spleen. The chimeras doe not develop graft vs. host disease (GVHD).
      Purified cells of C57BL/Ka origin from the chimeras mediated GVHD in lightly
      irradiated C3H (third party), but not in BALB/c (host-strain) mice. Thus graft
      vs. host tolerance in the chimeras could not be explained by complete
      immunodeficiency of donor-type cells, serum blocking factors, or suppressor cells
      of host (BALB/c) origin. Clonal deletion or suppression of lymphocytes reactive
      with host tissues remain possible explanations. The transfer of donor-type
      chimeric spleen cells to BALB/c recipients given 500-550 rad whole-body
      irradiation WBI led to stable mixed chimerism in approximately 50% of recipients.
      The cells were presumably acting as tolerogens because similarly irradiated
      BALB/c mice given (BALB/c X C57BL/Ka)F1 spleen or bone marrow cells also became
      stable mixed chimeras.

PMID- 6447754
TI  - NZB cytotoxic lymphocyte responses. Kinetic analyses.
AB  - Cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses of unprimed NZB spleen cells peaked on day 4
      of culture as did cells from primed NZB or BALB/c mice. In contrast, primary
      BALB/c and DBA/2 responses peaked on day 6 of culture. Thus, NZB CTL generation
      was similar to the accelerated in vitro generation of CTL from the spleen cells
      of alloantigen-primed NZB and BALB/c mice. To evaluate the kinetics of these CTL
      responses, multiple-time-point analyses were performed during the initial 90 min
      of the 51Cr-release assays. Analyses were done on days 4 and 6. On day 4, NZB CTL
      had an initial velocity of lysis slightly greater than that of BALB/c or DBA/2
      CTL; however, it was far less than that of secondary NZB and secondary BALB/c 
      CTL. These studies indicate that NZB mice can generate primary CTL responses at
      an accelerated rate. Such augmented primary responses are unique and may explain
      recently described abnormal NZB T cell recognition as well as resistance of NZB
      CTL to suppressor signals.

PMID- 6447755
TI  - Induced movement based on subtraction of motion from the inducing object.
AB  - Induced movement occurs not only when an object surrounding a stationary one
      moves below threshold but when it moves above threshold. The above-threshold
      effect is particularly puzzling and seemingly irrational because the relative
      displacement should be fully accounted for by perceiving the moving object in
      motion. The accepted theory has been that such excess motion can be explained in
      terms of a separation of systems: The enclosed object is governed by the
      relationship to its immediately surrounding frame of reference, and the latter is
      governed either by the relationship to its surrounding frame of reference or to
      the observer. An alternative explanation is that when induced motion occurs, the
      moving object is perceived to be either stationary or moving less than is
      warranted by its actual motion. Evidence is presented supporting this hypothesis
      according to which the relative displacement is apportioned phenomenally to
      either the induced object, the inducing object, or both. The objective motion of
      the inducing object is thus in whole or part transferred to the induced object.
      Thus, excess phenomenal motion does not occur, and induced movement can be
      regarded as the rational solution to a problem.

PMID- 6447756
TI  - Principles of perceptual organization and spatial distortion: the gestalt
      illusions.
AB  - In five interleaved experiments, conducted with 94 observers, it is shown that
      organization of the visual field according to gestalt principles results in
      measurable spatial distortions. Using the principles of proximity, similarity,
      good continuation, and two types of closure, it was found that interior distances
      (within a perceptual unit or group) are underestimated relative to exterior
      distances. The relationship between these spatial distortions and the resultant
      perceptual organization are discussed.

PMID- 6447757
TI  - Tilt adaptation as a feedback control process.
AB  - Adaptation to optical tilt was analyzed with time-varying input signals in the
      form of step, ramp, and triangular wave-form functions. Step-function transients
      appeared to stabilize at about 15 min, suggesting a time constant of 4-5 min.
      Gain decreased with input rate beyond about 1.4 degrees min-1 and with input
      amplitude. In all instances gain was considerably less than one. The frequency of
      the triangular waves was relatively faithfully reflected in the output, but the
      wave form was distorted by the uneven influence of clockwise over counter
      clockwise inputs. A control system with output proportional to error and an
      exponential delay was proposed as a model of tilt adaptation. The relationship to
      adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular response also is discussed.

PMID- 6447758
TI  - Development of the third component in prism adaptation: effects of active and
      passive movement.
AB  - Adaptation to prismatically displaced vision was assessed using a factorial
      design involving active or passive exposure movement, active or passive test
      movement, and target location. Tests of visual shift, ipsilateral and
      contralateral proprioceptive shift, and ipsilateral and contralateral target
      pointing shift were made at the completion of 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 exposure
      trials. During the early stages of adaptation (< 48 exposure trials), changes in
      ipsilateral target pointing were completely accounted for by the sum of the
      visual and ipsilateral proprioceptive changes. Following longer exposure
      durations, evidence of a third component was obtained, but only when exposure and
      test movements were the same (i.e., active-active and passive-passive
      conditions). The acquisition of such movement-specific response tendencies was
      interpreted as indicating that the third component represents a change in a
      central program or schema, which is responsible for guiding a limb to an
      externally specified location. Target location had no effect on the presence or
      magnitude of the third component, and there was no indication that the third
      component transferred intermanually.

PMID- 6447759
TI  - Odor discrimination and memory in Korsakoff's psychosis.
AB  - Korsakoff's syndrome is an organic brain disease, characterized by severe
      amnesia, that has been associated with olfactory perceptual deficits. Two
      experiments utilized normal observers to describe the effect of similarity on
      odor recognition memory and to develop methodology to measure odor discrimination
      and memory in patients with Korsakoff's disease. The results demonstrate an
      impaired capacity to discriminate between odors among patients with this disease
      that is not attributable to impaired sensitivity or to rapid decay of memory
      stores. These results are compared with results from animals with lesions
      affecting the medial layer of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and its
      neocortical projections. This structure is consistently damaged in Korsakoff's
      disease and receives a major input from primary olfactory cortex.

PMID- 6447760
TI  - Mental-task instructions and optokinetic nystagmus to the left and right.
AB  - The frequency of elicited optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in both directions was
      studied in subjects instructed to perform mental tasks thought to be asociated
      primarily with either the right or left hemisphere or a combination of both. A
      negative relationship between OKN frequency and right-hemisphere activity was
      more strongly confirmed than the alternative hypotheses that OKN frequency would
      be negatively related to the total amount of inner processing or to the amount of
      visualization required by a task. A significantly higher frequency of OKN was
      elicited (in nonmyopic subjects) when the stripes were moving in the direction
      contralateral to the hemisphere presumably involved in the instructed mental
      task. Subjects showing higher rates of right lateral eye shift (in an interview
      situation) made greater adjustments in OKN frequency according to the nature of
      the mental task.

PMID- 6447761
TI  - Foveal metacontrast: I. Criterion content and practice effects.
AB  - Strong metacontrast was found during experiments involving foveal presentation of
      stimuli. Follow-up experiments indicate that foveal metacontrast can be accounted
      for in some conditions by a practice effect and/or a criterion-content change,
      which occurs with practice and involves a biphasic brightness response to the
      target. Consideration of these factors may help resolve some of the many apparent
      disparities in the metacontrast literature. The relevance of these factors to
      metacontrast theories is discussed.

PMID- 6447762
TI  - The psychophysics of iconic storage.
AB  - Some simple models of iconic storage, based on the persisting responses of
      photoreceptors, were tested in two experiments. Substantial changes in such
      physical parameters as adapting luminance, stimulus luminance, and stimulus
      contrast produced little or no change in the duration of partial-report
      performance. This is at odds with most receptoral models. It seems unlikely that
      any model based on receptoral persistence can accommodate the results, thus
      forcing one to locate the icon beyond the receptors and probably beyond the
      retina as a whole.

PMID- 6447763
TI  - Sex and handedness as factors in visual-field organization for a categorization
      task.
AB  - When right-handed males categorize faces presented in the right and left visual
      fields as male or female, a right visual-field advantage results. Subjects in the
      present study were divided on the basis of Annett's model according to sex and
      handedness, males and females, right-handers, nonfamilial left-handers, and
      familial left-handers. It was predicted that males would show a field advantage
      consistent with the cerebral hemisphere specialized for speech production (the
      left hemisphere in the case of right-handers and nonfamilial left-handers, and
      the right hemisphere in the case of familial left-handers). It was also predicted
      that females would be either weakly or inconsistently lateralized. A signal
      detection paradigm in general confirmed these predictions. It was also shown that
      a subject's ability to change decisional criteria appropriately over trials was a
      function of visual field for both males and females. Decision making over time
      may therefore reveal a fundamental duality distinguishing the cerebral
      hemispheres in both sexes. Some of the implications of these results are
      discussed.

PMID- 6447764
TI  - Recognition of transposed melodies: a key-distance effect in developmental
      perspective.
AB  - Four experiments examined the possibility of a key-distance effect in a
      transposition detection task. Subjects heard standard melodies followed by
      comparison melodies presented in the same key, a musically near key or a
      musically far key. The task was to recognize comparisons that were exact
      transpositions of the standards, rejecting nontranspositions. Results suggested a
      largely invariant key-distance effect with nontransposition comparisons (lures);
      same- and near-key lures evoked more false alarms than far-key lures. The
      variables of musical experience, age of subject, and familiarity of melody
      affected the level of transposition-recognition performance but did not
      consistently affect the size of the key-distance effect. The results support the
      psychological reality of key distance and are consistent with both musical and
      nonmusical-auditory theories of its effects. The key-distance effect was not
      found with transposition comparisons (targets), a result with implications for
      the separability of key and interval information in short-term memory for
      melodies.

PMID- 6447765
TI  - Degree of ear asymmetries for perception of dichotic chords and for illusory
      chord localization in musicians of different levels of competence.
AB  - Left-ear superiority for perception of dichotically presented musical chords was
      seen in musicians at all levels of competence. However, a hypothesis that
      dominance would be greater in the more professional musicians was not confirmed.
      Whereas many of the professionals did have the largest left-ear preferences,
      about half had strong right-ear superiorities instead. On the average, therefore,
      there was no ear dominance for the two most professional groups, although the
      other groups had the expected left-ear dominance. Furthermore, ear differences
      for the professional groups were distributed only in the categories of weak to
      strong left- and weak to strong right-ear preferences, whereas ear differences
      for the other groups included also the central categories of no or little ear
      preference. The better musician groups were also more strongly affected by an
      auditory illusion in which right-ear dominance occurred when subjects reported
      the ear receiving the high chord, whereas left-ear dominance was seen when they
      reported the ear receiving the low chord (for the same dichotic pair). That is,
      ear dominance was dependent on instructions, switching in the same subject from
      left to right ear when the task changed from reporting the location of the low to
      reporting the location of the high chord, respectively. However, ear dominance
      and switching were only partially present in nonmusicians and were weak in
      amateurs. It may be that ear dominance for chord recognition is influenced by
      specialized cognitive development in musicians, on the one hand, and by
      noncognitive neurophysiological factors on the other.

PMID- 6447766
TI  - Effects of the match between listener expectancies and coarticulatory cues on the
      perception of speech.
AB  - Several experiments have attempted to establish the order in which various
      linguistic units (e.g., syllables and words) are processed. This article presents
      an alternative interpretation (the target-stimulus mismatch interpretation) for
      those earlier results. This interpretation states that the closer the match
      between the listener's expectancies about how the stimulus will sound (the
      target) and the sound of the acoustic stimulus the listener actually hears (the
      stimulus), the faster the listener will recognize the stimulus. This
      interpretation was tested in an experiment in which the match between the target
      and the stimulus was varied by manipulating the acoustic (coarticulatory)
      properties of the stimulus while the size of the target (syllable) was held
      constant. The results suggest that earlier findings explained in terms of
      linguistic units or levels can be explained more readily by the target-stimulus
      mismatch interpretation, and these results provide evidence that coarticulatory
      information is utilized by the perceiver of speech.

PMID- 6447767
TI  - Information in speech: observations on the perception of [s]-stop clusters.
AB  - A series of experiments is reported that investigated the pattern of acoustic
      information specifying place and manner of stop consonants in medial position
      after [s]. In both production and perception, information for stop place includes
      the spectrum of the fricative at offset, the duration of the silent closure
      interval, the spectral relationship between the frequency of the stop release
      burst and the following periodically excited formants, and the spectral and
      temporal characteristics of the first formant transition. Similarly, the
      information for stop manner includes the duration of silent closure, the
      frequency of the first formant at the release, the magnitude of the first formant
      transition, and the proximity of the second and third formants at release. A
      relationship was shown to exist in perception between the spectral
      characteristics of the first formant and the duration of the silent closure
      required to hear a stop. This appears to reciprocate the covariation of these
      parameters in production across different places of articulation and different
      vocalic contexts. The existence of perceptual sensitivity to a wide range of the
      acoustic consequences of production questions the efficacy of accounts of speech
      perception in terms of the fractionation of the signal into elemental acoustic
      cues, which are then integrated to yield a phonetic percept. It is argued that it
      is inappropriate to ascribe a psychological status to cues whose only reality is
      their operational role as physical parameters whose manipulation can change the
      phenotic interpretation of a signal. It is suggested that the metric of the
      information for phonetic perception cannot be that of the cues; rather, a metric
      should be sought in which acoustic and articulatory dynamics are isomorphic.

PMID- 6447768
TI  - Processing resource demands of failure detection in dynamic systems.
AB  - The information-processing channels, proprioceptive versus visual, that are used
      to detect changes in the response of dynamic systems are investigated using a
      loading-task methodology. Conditions are compared in which subjects either
      control the dynamic system (MA mode) or monitor an autopilot controlling the same
      system (AU mode). Failure detection in these two modes of participation is
      evaluated when subjects perform the task alone and concurrently with either a
      tracking loading task or a mental arithmetic-memory loading task. The former task
      disrupted MA detection but not AU detection, whereas the converse results were
      obtained with the mental-arithmetic task. The results, interpreted within the
      framework of a structure-specific resource theory of human attention, suggest
      that AU detection relies exclusively on processing resources associated with
      perceptual/central-processing stages. MA detection in contrast relies on separate
      processing resources residing in a response-related reservoir.

PMID- 6447769
TI  - Material-specific perceptual interference for visual words and faces:
      implications for models of capacity limitations, attention, and laterality.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that perceptual
      interference effects would be greatest among items that are processed by the same
      hemisphere than among items processed by different hemispheres. Recognition of
      two peripheral faces, flanked on either side of a central item that also had to
      be identified, was worse when the item was a face than when the item was a word.
      The opposite results were obtained for peripheral word identification by naming
      (Experiment 1). Identical results were obtained when a nonsense form was
      substituted for the central face (Experiment 2). Since unfamiliar faces and
      nonsense forms are processed primarily by the right hemisphere and words are
      processed by the left, the results are consistent with the hypothesis. The
      interference effect was the same even when the central nonsense shape was
      identified by naming, suggesting that the locus of the effect is not at response
      selection (Experiment 3). Ignoring the central item only reduces the interference
      effects but does not eliminate it (Experiment 4). Although in general words were
      perceived better in the right visual field, and faces were perceived better in
      the left, small fluctuations in the magnitude but not in the direction of
      perceptual asymmetries were sometimes noted with changes in the central item. The
      fluctuations were usually opposite to those predicted by attentional models of
      perceptual asymmetries.

PMID- 6447770
TI  - Reduction of DL-selenocystine and isolation of L-seleoncysteine.
AB  - Cystine, selenocytsine, and several analogs were reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT),
      beta-mercaptoethanol (ME) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). DTT was the most
      effective; DTT to cystine ratios from 10 to 80 were equally effective. With
      selenocysteine, however, absorption was considerably reduced at all ratios.
      Selenocysteine was identified as the reduction product by reaction with
      Gaitonde's reagent, comparison of absorption spectra, paper chromatograhy,
      utilization by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase fro Paracoccus denitrificans and Vigna
      radiata, changes in solubility after DTT treatment, and comparison of infrared
      spectra. During the ATP-PPi exchange assay, DTT and ME convert cysteine and
      selenocysteine derivatives to cysteine and selenocysteine which serve as
      substrates for cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 6447771
TI  - Metabolic impairment and membrane abnormality in red cells from Huntington's
      disease.
AB  - The following aspects have been investigated in 10 patients affected by
      Huntington's disease )HD): --extensive haematological investigations; --red cell
      enzyme activities and level of the most important glycolytic intermediate
      compounds; --protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition of the erythrocyte
      membrane and membrane polarity; --effects of in vitro aging on red cell
      membranes. Lack of 4.5 protein band in SDS-PAGE and 14-fold decrease in membrane
      bound catalase were found in the in vitro aged red cells from the 10 HD patients
      examined. Na+ + K+ATPase was slightly higher than normal in all the patients. Red
      cells from 5 out of 8 patients showed a decrease in reduced glutathione and
      phosphoenolpyruvate levels and/or an increase in hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and glutathione reductase activities. The
      haematological investigations, the protein lipid and carbohydrate composition of
      the fresh red cells, the membrane polypeptide aggregates and the membrane
      polarity evaluated by microspectrofluorometric analysis were normal.

PMID- 6447772
TI  - Physiological and histochemical characteristics of motor units in cat tibialis
      anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recording and stimulation techniques were used to study the
      normal motor-unit population of tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum
      longus (EDL) muscles in the cat. Histochemical staining of the whole muscle and
      glycogen depletion of single motor units were performed. These results may be
      compared to those of their extensor antagonist, medial gastrocnemius (MG), as
      reported in studies by Burke and co-workers (7, 11, 13). 2. On the basis of two
      physiological properties, "sag" and fatigue resistance, the motor units in both
      TA and EDL could be classified into the same categories (types FF, F(int), FR,
      and S) as in MG (11). In contrast to MG, TA and EDL had nearly twice as many type
      FR motor units and only half as many type-S motor units. 3. Glycogen depletion of
      representative single motor units of types FF and FR suggests a close
      correspondence between the physiological classification and a unique
      histochemical profile. No type-S units were depleted. 4. On the basis of
      histochemical staining, the muscle fibers in TA were presumed to belong to type
      FF, -FR, or -S motor units. TA had a higher proportion of type-FR and a lower
      proportion of type-S muscle fibers than are found in MG. A striking feature was
      the variation in the proportion of each fiber type in different regions of TA.
      The anterolateral portion had mostly types FF and FR, while the posteriomedial
      portion had more types FR and S. 5. The twitch time to peak (TwTP) of isometric
      motor-unit contractions was generally quite fast with none having TwTP greater
      than 55 ms. The mean TwTP (not in EDL) and the mean tetanic tension of each motor
      unit type were significantly different from each other. Most of the motor units
      exhibited significant postetanic potentiation of twitch tension and a
      corresponding lengthening of half-relaxation time and to a lesser degree, twitch
      contraction time. 6. There was a significant relationship between the inverse of
      motoneuronal input resistance and either tetanic tension or twitch contraction
      time. These relationships were not apparent when axonal conduction velocity
      rather than input resistance was used as an index of motoneuron size. The mean
      input resistances of the three major motor-unit types were significantly
      different while the mean conduction velocities of types FF and FR were nearly
      identical. A weak positive correlation was observed between the TwTP and the
      afterhyperpolarization of TA and EDL motoneurons. 7. In general, the mechanical
      characteristics and intrinsic motoneuronal properties of TA and EDL appear to
      parallel the organization of their extensor antagonist, MG, with some important
      quantitative differences that may reflect their different functional roles.

PMID- 6447773
TI  - Relation between intrafusal and extrafusal activity in triceps surae muscles of
      the decerebrate cat: evidence for beta action.

PMID- 6447774
TI  - Commentary: P.L. 94-142: the Education for all Handicapped Children Act.

PMID- 6447775
TI  - Gastroschisis: primary closure or Silon pouch.
AB  - There has been a substantial increase in the incidence of gastroschisis in the
      last few years, and total parenteral nutrition has enabled many of these neonates
      to survive the long post-operative course. From 1969 to 1976 inclusive, 44
      neonates with gastroschisis were treated with either primary closure or the
      application of a Silon pouch. Fifteen neonates were managed by primary closure.
      Three of these neonates developed clinical sepsis, but no other intraabdominal
      complications ensued. There were two deaths (13%) in the early postoperative
      period, due to CNS hemorrhage and aspiration. This gorup of 15 babies had 17
      abdominal operations and the survivors averaged 32 days of parenteral intravenous
      nutrition before complete oral alimentation could be successfully started. Two
      ventral hernias required late repair. Twenty-nine neonates were managed primarily
      with a Silon pouch. Eighteen of these newborns developed sepsis, three Silon sacs
      had to be removed because of necrotic bowel within, and two other infants
      developed small bowel fistulae. There were 12 deaths (35%). These 12 infants had
      prolonged intestinal malfunction that lasted an average of 67 days. This group of
      29 babies had 64 abdominal operations and the survivors averaged 46 days of
      parenteral intravenous nutrition prior to full oral feeds. Four ventral hernias
      required later repair. The comparison of results in these two groups of newborns
      reveals a striking difference in their post-operative course and survival.
      Although the Silon sac has until now become the accepted surgical procedure for
      gastroschisis, these results conclusively indicate the advantage of primary
      reduction and closure of the abdominal wall defect.

PMID- 6447776
TI  - Gastroschisis update.
AB  - Sixty-four infants with gastroschisis have been managed in the 9-yr period, 1970
      1979, with four postoperative deaths. The silo technique has been the standard
      method of management in this series, permitting initial expansion of the
      abdominal cavity without increased abdominal pressure and respiratory
      embarassment. Removal of the silo and complete closure of the abdominal wall
      deficit were possible 5-12 days later. A high proportion of the infants were
      below 2500 g in weight at birth (61%); and although 3 of the 4 postoperative
      deaths occurred in the low birth weight group, this did not appear to be a factor
      in mortality. Associated anomalies occurred in 25 of the 64, but only the
      coincident intestinal atresias (6) were of major significance. These additional
      anomalies were not responsible for deaths. Two deaths occurred from problems
      dating from birth, one from aspiration and the second from sepsis. The other two
      resulted from postoperative complications resulting in infarction of the midgut.
      Both were caused in part by failure to adequately enlarge the abdominal wall
      defect at the time of the initial procedure. Other postoperative complications
      were relatively few. Although all required intravenous nutritional support, the
      long term results in terms of growth and development and of intestinal function
      were quite satisfactory.

PMID- 6447777
TI  - Allyl derivatives of zearalenone.
AB  - The Claisen rearrangement of 4-O-allylzearalenone led to only one principal
      product, which was identified as 3-allylzearalenone with the aid of photochemical
      isomerization and PMR spectroscopy. This general method is useful for
      distinguishing 3-substituted zearalenone isomers from 5-substituted isomers.
      Hydrogenation of 3-allylzearalenone gave 3-(1-propyl)zearalanone.

PMID- 6447778
TI  - Chest wall movements during fetal breathing in the sheep.
AB  - 1. Movement of the chest wall and abdomen during episodes of breathing has been
      measured by an ultrasound technique in ten fetal lambs. 2. The fetal thoracic and
      abdominal walls move inwards and outwards respectively during inspiration. The
      position where this transition occurs is variable. 3. Movement of the lateral
      thoracic walls is reduced or reversed during breathing stimulated by hypercapnia
      while inward dorso-ventral movement increases. 4. Deep inspiratory efforts were
      associated with large inward then outward movements of the lateral and large
      inward movements of the dorso-ventral thoracic walls. 5. No relationship was
      found between the amplitude of the tracheal pressure deflexions and the extent of
      thoracic wall movements during fetal breathing.

PMID- 6447779
TI  - Induced changes in the thresholds for voluntary activation of human spindle
      endings.
AB  - 1. Recordings were made from forty-two muscle spindle afferents from the pre
      tibial muscles of human subjects. For each afferent, the contraction level at
      which its discharge accelerated (its 'threshold for activation') was defined
      using isometric voluntary contractions of the receptor-bearing muscle. The
      effects on these thresholds of various manoeuvres designed to activate descending
      pathways or segmental sensory inputs were studied to determine whether the
      balance between the skeletomotor and fusimotor drives to the contracting muscle
      could be altered. 2. The Jendrassik reinforcement manoeuvre raised the threshold
      for voluntary activation of one spindle ending slightly but had no significant
      effect with seven other endings. It is concluded that the Jendrassik manoeuvre
      does not excite fusimotor neurons selectively or even preferentially. 3. Caloric
      vestibular stimulation altered the thresholds for voluntary activation of eight
      of eleven spindle endings, the most common effect being lowering of the threshold
      during the irrigation and for 1--1 . 5 min after its cessation. 4. Cutaneous
      stimulation by vibration lowered the thresholds for voluntary activation of some
      spindle endings when applied to the dorsum of the foot, and raised thresholds
      when applied to the lateral plantar surface. 5. Passive stretch of the receptor
      bearing muscle by plantar flexion of the ankle and passive stretch of synergistic
      muscles in isolation raised thresholds for spindle activation; passive stretch or
      vibration of triceps surae lowered thresholds. 6. These studies suggest that the
      relationship between the skeletomotor and fusimotor drives to a muscle during a
      voluntary contraction is not rigidly fixed, but can be varied appropriately with
      the changing motor role demanded of the muscle by supraspinal drives and with the
      changes in sensory feed-back generated by the movement itself. 7. It is concluded
      that, provided the skeletomotor effects of a stimulus are known, changes in the
      threshold for spindle activation in a voluntary contraction can provide a means
      of determining the effects of that stimulus on fusimotor neurons even when the
      stimulus alone is not adequate to alter fusimotor drive.

PMID- 6447780
TI  - The order of release of sodium and addition of potassium in the sodium-potassium
      pump reaction mechanism.
AB  - 1. The characteristics of oligomycin inhibition of the Na--K pump of human red
      cell membranes was investigated. Oligomycin inhibition of the pump was found to
      be reversible. 2. Inhibition of Na--K ATPase activity was uncompetitive with
      respect to ATP in broken membrane preparations. In intact cells inhibition was
      uncompetitive with respect to both intracellular and extracellular Na. 3.
      Oligomycin did not significantly inhibit the K--K exchange if the cells were Na
      free, but if the cells contained a small amount of Na, oligomycin inhibition of
      the K--K exchange became significant. Taken together with the findings described
      above, this indicates that oligomycin combines with E1P-Na conformation of the
      pump and not with any E2 conformation. 4. When measurements are made in solutions
      high in Na, oligomycin is a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to external K,
      but in Na-free solutions, oligomycin inhibition is uncompetitive with respect to
      external K. 5. These findings indicate that, in the normal operation of the pump,
      Na is released to the outside before K adds.

PMID- 6447781
TI  - An analysis of receptor potential and tension of isolated cat muscle spindles in
      response to sinusoidal stretch.
AB  - In isolated cat muscle spindles the receptor potential responses of primary and
      secondary endings as well as tension responses to sinusoidal length changes in
      the steady state have been analysed. 1. At a given stimulus frequency, receptor
      potential per unit length change (receptor potential gain) in both primary and
      secondary endings is constant when displacement is less than about 10 micrometer.
      With larger stretches, receptor potential gain decreases approximately as a power
      function of displacement, the gain of primary endings decreasing more rapidly
      with increasing displacement than that of secondary endings. Tension per unit
      length change (tension gain) shows a similar constant range above which it also
      decreases as a power function of displacement. 2. In spite of the large reduction
      in gain at high displacement amplitudes, response wave forms remained essentially
      sinusoidal. The gain reduction results principally from a displacement-dependent
      non-linearity which has a rapid onset and slow decay. 3. Receptor potential and
      tension responses to small amplitude sinusoidal stretch depend, in a parallel
      manner, on the initial length of the preparation. 4. Both receptor potential and
      tension responses are highly dependent on frequency of sinusoidal stretch. In
      primary endings receptor potential gain increased as a power function of
      frequency over the range 0 . 01 to about 40 Hz, above which frequency the gain
      decreased; phase advance remained relatively constant up to 10 Hz then decreased
      to become a phase lag at higher frequency. In secondary endings receptor
      potential gain remained fairly constant between 0 . 01 and 1 Hz then rose as a
      power function of frequency but less steeply than in primary endings. 3. The
      possible mechanisms underlying these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6447782
TI  - Glycogen depletion of bag1 fibers elicited by stimulation of static gamma axons
      in cat peroneus brevis muscle spindles.
AB  - 1. The distribution of static fusimotor axons to intrafusal muscle fibres in cat
      peroneus brevis spindles has been studied with the glycogen depletion method. 2.
      In each of six experiments three to seven static axons were stimulated. The
      muscle was subsequently quick-frozen and cut in serial transverse sections that
      were stained for glycogen. In each muscle, nearly all the spindles were examined
      for depletion. 3. Intrafusal muscle fibres displaying zones of complete glycogen
      depletion were observed in fifty-two whole spindles and seven half-spindles.
      Chain fibres were depleted in forty-eight (92%) of the whole spindles, bag2
      fibres in thirty-five spindles (67%) and bag1 fibres in nineteen spindles (36%).
      4. Seven other experiments were performed to test whether small amplitude
      sinusoidal stretching (30--100 Hz) of the muscle might produce glycogen depletion
      in bag1 fibres. Two hundred and seven spindles were examined. In nearly all of
      them the glycogen content of the intrafusal muscle fibres was normal. Two muscles
      had limited atrophic portions within which a few depleted spindles were found. 5.
      These experiments show that the intrafusal distribution of static gamma axons is
      not restricted to chain and bag2 fibres but that in a significant number of
      spindles the bag1 fibres are also supplied by static gamma axons.

PMID- 6447783
TI  - Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation.

PMID- 6447784
TI  - A modified ballonned uterine elevator cannula.

PMID- 6447785
TI  - Regulation of in vitro generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In vitro
      induction of suppressor T lymphocytes by thymosin.

PMID- 6447786
TI  - Isolation and characterization of proteolipids from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6447787
TI  - Pre-atherosclerotic lesions in Down syndrome.
AB  - Autopsy examination of seven non-institutionalised Down syndrome patients (age
      ten to twenty-five years) revealed normal prevalence of pre-atherosclerotic
      lesions. Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in one of these subjects (age
      fourteen years), refuting reported implications that this population is atheroma
      free. However, atheromatous aortic lesions were not seen in an eighth subject
      (age fifty years), raising the possibility that an atheroma-free subgroup of
      patients with Down syndrome may exist.

PMID- 6447788
TI  - Age and mortality trends in residents of an institution for the mentally
      handicapped.
AB  - Ten years' statistics of age and mortality trends in a large institution are
      reported. It is shown that the residents are still an ageing population and that
      the higher mortality of the mentally handicapped is largely due to deaths from
      respiratory causes, as previously reported. Down syndrome is separately analysed
      and shows a sharp rise in mortality at a considerably earlier age than other
      mentally handicapped residents.

PMID- 6447789
TI  - Analysis of the role of enzyme co-operativity in metabolic oscillations.

PMID- 6447790
TI  - Structure and function of the cy control region of bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 6447791
TI  - Control of transcription termination: a rho-dependent termination site in
      bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 6447792
TI  - The role of HimA and Xis in lambda site-specific recombination.

PMID- 6447793
TI  - Bacteriophage lambda hin function. II. Enhanced stability of lambda messenger
      RNA.

PMID- 6447794
TI  - Gene regulation at the right operator (OR) bacteriophage lambda. I. OR3 and
      autogenous negative control by repressor.

PMID- 6447795
TI  - Gene regulation at the right operator (OR) of bacteriophage lambda. II. OR1, OR2,
      and OR3: their roles in mediating the effects of repressor and cro.

PMID- 6447796
TI  - Gene regulation at the right operator (OR) of bacteriophage lambda. III. lambda
      repressor directly activates gene transcription.

PMID- 6447797
TI  - Comparison of the myosin and actomyosin ATPase mechanisms of the four types of
      vertebrate muscles.

PMID- 6447798
TI  - Transcription antitermination by bacteriophage lambda N gene product.

PMID- 6447799
TI  - Alterarion of myofibrillar ATPase activities in hearts of cardiomyopathic
      hamsters (BIO 53.58).

PMID- 6447800
TI  - Effect of injury and sepsis on high-energy phosphates in muscle and red cells.
AB  - Changes in muscle high-energy phosphates in varying degrees of resting
      hypermetabolism were studied. Eleven patients were investigated before and 4 days
      after total hip replacement. The postoperative results were compared with those
      seen in major traumas and sepsis. High-energy phosphates were not significantly
      changed in muscle after total hip replacement or moderate injury; muscle lactate
      and pyruvate increased. Increased degrees of hypermetabolism such as severe
      trauma and sepsis were associated with reduction of muscle ATP and PC; AMP, free
      CR, lactate, and pyruvate rose. Simultaneously determined levels of high-energy
      phosphates in red blood cells did not reflect muscle changes, confirming the need
      for continued direct tissue measurements. Alterations in the ATP--ADP--AMP system
      in the muscle cell suggest a low-energy charge following severe trauma especially
      if accompanied by sepsis. This would indicate a decreased capcity for
      biosynthetic reactions and production of storage compounds. Tissue high-energy
      phosphates and cellular energy levels thus may be the cellular expression of the
      catabolic state.

PMID- 6447801
TI  - Influenza virus-specific RNA and protein syntheses in cells infected with
      temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the genome segment encoding
      nonstructural proteins.
AB  - Virus-specific protein and RNA syntheses have been analyzed in chicken embryo
      fibroblast cells infected with two group IV temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of
      influenza A (fowl plague) virus in which the ts lesion maps in RNA segment 8 (J.
      W. Almond, D. McGeoch, and R. D. Barry, Virology 92:416-427, 1979), known to code
      to code for two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. Both mutants induced the
      synthesis of similar amounts of all the early virus-specific proteins (P1, P2,
      P3, NP, and NS1) at temperatures that were either permissive (34 degrees C) or
      nonpermissive (40.5 degrees C) for replication. However, the synthesis of M
      protein, which normally accumulates late in infection, was greatly reduced in ts
      mutant-infected cells at 40.5 degrees C compared to 34 degrees C. The NS2 protein
      was not detected at either temperature in cells infected with one mutant (mN3),
      and was detected only at the permissive temperature in cells infected with mutant
      ts47. There was no overall reduction in polyadenylated (A+) complementary RNA,
      which functions as mRNA, in cells infected with these mutants at 40.5 degrees C
      compared to 34 degrees C, nor was there any evidence of selective accumulation of
      this type of RNA within the nucleus at the nonpermissive temperature. No
      significant differences in ts mutant virion RNA transcriptase activity were
      detected by assays in vitro at 31 and 40.5 degrees C compared to wild-type virus.
      Virus-specific non-polyadenylated (A-) complementary RNA, which is believed to
      act as the template for new virion RNA production, accumulated normally in cells
      at both 34 and 40.5 degrees C, but at 40.5 degrees C accumulation of new virion
      RNA was reduced by greater than 90% when compared to accumulation at 34 degrees
      C.

PMID- 6447802
TI  - Shutoff of lambda gene expression by bacteriophage T4: role of the T4 alc gene.
AB  - Bacteriophage T4 normally contains 5-hydroxymethylcytosine instead of cytosine in
      its DNA. Multiple mutants of T4 which synthesize DNA with cytosine do not
      transcribe their late genes due to the action of the T4 alc gene (Snyder et al.,
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:3098--3102, 1976), which is also responsible for
      unfolding the host nucleoid after T4 infection (Sirotkin et al., Nature [London]
      265:28--32, 1977; Tigges et al., J. Virol. 24:775--785, 1977). It seems
      reasonable that T4 alc function plays a role in shutting off host transcription,
      and the observation that some of the RNA made after infection with a T4 alc
      mutant hybridizes to Escherichia coli DNA (Sirotkin et al., Nature [London]
      265:28--32, 1977; Tigges et al., J. Virol. 24:775--785, 1977) supports this
      hypothesis. Although it is likely that the roles of the alc function in the
      blocking of some types of transcription and in the unfolding of the host nucleoid
      are related, it is not known how these effects are achieved or, in fact, whether
      all types of transcription are affected equally by the alc function. In an
      attempt to answer these questions, we studied the effect of T4 alc function on
      bacteriophage lambda transcription and on the structure of intracellular lambda
      DNA. We found that the alc function is responsible for the shutoff of lambda late
      transcription but probably not for the shutoff of lambda early transcription. We
      also found that alc does not block lambda transcription by directly removing the
      supercoils from circular lambda DNA via either a nicking or topoisomerase
      activity. Furthermore, we conclude that T4 infection also prevents the
      translation of non-T4 mRNA because late lambda mRNA's were made after
      superinfection by a T4 alcs mutant and were of normal length but were not
      translated into lambda late proteins.

PMID- 6447804
TI  - Occurrence of Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) in mink from North Dakota.
AB  - A total of 1185 mink (Mustela vison) from North Dakota was examined for
      Dioctophyma renale. Two specimens of the nematode were found and represent the
      first report of this parasite in North Dakota.

PMID- 6447803
TI  - Exclusion of bacteriophage T1 by bacteriophage lambda. II. Synthesis of T1
      specific macromolecules under N-mediated excluding conditions.
AB  - The results of experiments investigating T1 macromolecular synthesis under N
      mediated excluding conditions failed to demonstrate a substantial alteration in
      the T1 mRNA production in excluding cultures at any stage in the T1 infectious
      cycle. The number of T1 DNA sequences in the excluding culture was found to be
      one-third to one-half that found in T1-infected cultures. The most severe
      reduction in T1-specific macromolecules was seen in protein synthesis. Total
      incorporation of labeled amino acids was reduced sixfold, and gel experiments
      confirmed that the T1-specific proteins capable of detection are reduced in
      excluding cells.

PMID- 6447805
TI  - Minocycline-induced pigmentation at sites of cutaneous inflammation.
AB  - In four cases of minocycline hydrochloride-induced cutaneous pigmentation, blue
      gray discoloration in sites of cutaneous inflammation was seen in all cases. An
      additional finding of generalized, brown hyperpigmentation with accentuation in
      sun-exposed areas was noted in one. Although all of the patients had used
      relatively high doses of medication, the variable duration of therapy before
      pigmentary changes and dearth of similar reports suggest an idiosyncratic
      response to this commonly used medication. Histochemical stains and electron
      microscopic studies suggest hemosiderin or a pigment with similar staining
      properties; a minocycline degradation product, however, cannot be discounted.

PMID- 6447806
TI  - The unfairness of life for children with handicaps.

PMID- 6447807
TI  - Will the circle be unbroken?

PMID- 6447808
TI  - Prenatal chromosomal diagnosis. Racial and geographic variation for older women
      in Georgia.
AB  - In a study of Georgia women aged 40 years and older, 15% made use of prenatal
      chromosomal diagnosis. There was, however, substantial racial and geographic
      variation, ranging from a use ratio of 60% among whites in two large urban
      counties to 0.5% among blacks outside Augusta and Atlanta health districts. This
      simple population-based epidemiologic analysis suggests that future program
      planning for genetic services in Georgia should address ways to increase access
      by rural women, especially blacks. Similar analyses in other states could be used
      for planning genetic services.

PMID- 6447809
TI  - New funds for Huntington's disease research.

PMID- 6447810
TI  - Back pain in an adolescent.

PMID- 6447811
TI  - The autopsy and asbestos exposure.

PMID- 6447812
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm during pregnancy and the puerperium.
AB  - According to Schnitker, Mandel, Hirst and their associates, approximately half of
      the dissecting aneurysms in women under 40 years of age are associated with
      pregnancy. This significant relationship between dissecting aneurysm and
      pregnancy has been discussed by considering hemodynamic stress and also the
      hormonal changes of pregnancy. In this report, we describe five patients with
      dissecting aneurysm during pregnancy or the puerperium, review the literature and
      discuss the influence of pregnancy on the pathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 6447813
TI  - A serious problem of the heated thermocouple flowmeter.
AB  - In the measurement of regional blood flow with heated thermocouple flowmeter, we
      frequently observed puzzling phenomenon that the measured values were augmented
      while the flow was actually diminished and vice versa (Inversion). "Inversion"
      was directly attrebutable to the structure of the thermocouple probe. A
      countermeasure against "Inversion" was found to lie in the arrangement of the hot
      junction in the center of the heater, and in practical application, it must be
      checked by stopping the flow at each measurement. Overcoming this technical
      liability should pave the way for a marked improvement in the reliability of this
      method which, despite possessing many excellent characteristics for determining
      regional blood flow, is not widely used.

PMID- 6447814
TI  - [A case of acute leukemia associated with Down's syndrome showing myeloid and
      lymphoid markers (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447815
TI  - [Studies of blood substitutes].

PMID- 6447816
TI  - [Comparison of pathology and clinical types of idiopathic cardiopathies].

PMID- 6447817
TI  - [Analysis of sudden death due to idiopathic cardiomyopathies].

PMID- 6447818
TI  - [Long-term dialysis and rehabilitation medicine].

PMID- 6447819
TI  - [Cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes from patients with hepatoma on human
      hepatoma cell line. V. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human
      hepatoma cell line by mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447820
TI  - [Life of a handicapped person. 5. An alcoholic as a neighbor. 2].

PMID- 6447821
TI  - Effect of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine on deoxyribonucleotide pools in vivo.
AB  - 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) lowered the dTTP levels in rapidly frozen 12-day
      W rat embryos and in a human neuroblastoma grown in nude N:NIH(S) mice to about
      20% of control values. This effect was associated with greatly increased dCTP
      levels and reduction of dGTP levels essentially to zero. Elimination of the dGTP
      pool correlated temporally with the cytotoxicity of FdUrd. Extremely rapid
      fixation of tissue was required to avoid artifactually high deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphate values.

PMID- 6447822
TI  - Mechanism and prevention of cardiac arrhythmias in chronic hemodialysis patients.
AB  - We monitored, by the Holter method, 23 clinically stable maintenance hemodialysis
      patients for 5 +/- (SEM) 2 hours before hemodialysis, 5.0 +/- 0.5 hours during
      hemodialysis, and 13 +/- 3 hours after hemodialysis. Of 23 patients, 9 (39%) had
      unexpected frequent or complex ventricular arrhythmias recorded and after
      hemodialysis with a potassium dialysate bath concentration of 2.0 mEq/liter.
      Patients with ventricular arrhythmias were more likely to be using digoxin (8/9
      vs. 1/4) and to have evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (9/9 vs. 7/4 than
      were those patients without arrhythmias. Of these 9 patients with arrhythmias, 6
      underwent repeat Holter monitoring during multiple dialysate protocols. Of the 6
      patients, 4 had a significant reduction in the frequency of ventricular ectopy
      when a dialysate of 3.5 mEq/liter potassium was used (P < 0.05), but of these 6,
      3 still had complex arrhythmias. The use, however, of a 3.5 mEq/liter potassium
      dialysate plus the administration of a 400-mg dose of quinidine sulfate orally 45
      min prior to hemodialysis was successful in reducing ventricular ectopic
      frequency and complexity in all the patients studied. Conclusion. Maintenance
      hemodialysis patient using digoxin and with left ventricular hypertrophy have an
      unexpectdly high indicence of occult, potentoial serious, ventricular arrhythmias
      during and after hemodialysis, revealed by Holter monitoring. There is
      preliminary evidence that a low-potassium bath concentration may play a role in
      predisoposing patients to these arrhythmias. Further prospective studies with
      largaer number of patients will be needed, however, to evaluate the significance
      of these findings.

PMID- 6447823
TI  - Election criteria for the adoption of an augmentative communication system:
      preliminary considerations.
AB  - Criteria for determining candidacy for an augmentative communication system are
      reviewed. Included is a consideration of cognitive, oral reflex, language, motor,
      intelligibility, emotional, chromological age, previous therapy, imitative, and
      environmental factors. The multiple factors are arranged on a branching type
      decision matrix, which yields a decision to either elect, reject, or delay
      implementation of an augmentative communication system. Case data demonstrating
      application of the decision matrix are presented.

PMID- 6447824
TI  - Sex differences in the activity of different cytochrome P450 dependent steroid 16
      alpha-hydroxylases in rat liver.

PMID- 6447825
TI  - An intracellular perfusion system linking pools and protein synthesis.

PMID- 6447826
TI  - Antigens present on human myeloid leukemia cell lines.

PMID- 6447827
TI  - [Activity of proteolytic enzymes contaminating human placental immunoglobulin
      preparations].

PMID- 6447828
TI  - [Experiences with percutaneous facet-neurectomy].

PMID- 6447829
TI  - Early arteriolar disturbances following streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
      in adult mice.

PMID- 6447830
TI  - Intestinal microflora and bile acids. Effect of bile acids on the distribution of
      microflora and bile acid in the digestive tract of the rat.
AB  - The population levels of intestinal microflora and bile acid composition in the
      digestive tract were examined in rats fed bile acids to determine the
      relationships between gastrointestinal microflora and the host. The population
      level of Bacteroides was increased in the ceca of rats fed cholic acid or
      deoxycholic acid. In the ileum, the concentration of conjugated bile acid in rats
      fed cholesterol, cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid or lithocholic acid was higher
      than that in control rats, and was very low in ceca and feces of all the rats.
      The concentration of total free bile acid was much higher in the ceca than in the
      ilea of rats fed hyodeoxycholic acid or lithocholic acid. Cholic acid and
      deoxycholic acid were found in the ilea, ceca and feces of the cholic acid-fed
      rats. In the deoxycholic acid-fed rats, cholic acid was localized in the ileum. 7
      Ketodeoxycholic acid was also found in the ceca of the cholic acid-fed rats. 12
      Ketolithocholic acid was found in the feces of rats fed cholic acid or
      deoxycholic acid. 3-Ketocholanic acid was found in some samples from the
      lithocholic acid-fed rats. Therefore, some kinds of bile acids influence the
      population levels of gastrointestinal microflora and bile acid composition in the
      intestine.

PMID- 6447831
TI  - [Mine effluents as a nutrient culture base for methane-oxidizing bacteria in the
      microbiological method of decreasing the methane content of coal].

PMID- 6447832
TI  - [Chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer is not yet generally recommended].

PMID- 6447834
TI  - Proliferation of T gamma cells with killer-cell activity in patients with
      neutropenia.

PMID- 6447833
TI  - Characterization of ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum from two strains of
      dystrophic mice.
AB  - The ATPase activities and phosphoenzyme levels have been determined in
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes prepared from two animal models of muscular
      dystrophy, myodystrophic (myd/myd) and strain 129 dystrophic (129 dy/dy) mice. In
      both myd/myd and 129 dy/dy SR membranes, the basal ATPase activities are elevated
      above control levels, while the Ca-dependent ATPase activities are normal. The
      addition of 0.1% Triton X-100 not only lowers the basal ATPase activity of
      myodystrophic control SR membranes by 60%, but also lowers the elevated basal
      ATPase activity of myd/myd SR membranes to a similar level. The Ca-dependent
      ATPase activities of myodystrophic control and myd/myd SR membranes are increased
      approximately threefold by the addition of Triton. The addition of 0.1% Triton X
      100 lowers the basal ATPase activities of 129 control and 129 dy/dy SR membranes
      to similar levels, but stimulates the CA-dependent ATPase activity of 129 dy/dy
      SR membranes to a level that is only 60% of that of 129 control SR membranes. The
      level of phosphoenzyme intermediate is decreased approximately 15% in myd/myd SR
      membranes and approximately 30% in 129 dy/dy SR membranes.

PMID- 6447835
TI  - Levodopa provocative test for Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6447836
TI  - Mechanism of origin of complete hydatidiform moles.
AB  - Complete or 'true' hydatidiform mole, an abnormality of human gestation, is
      characterized by hydropic degeneraton of all placental villi, marked hypertrophy
      of the trophoblast, absence of a fetus and a propensity to become malignant. The
      chromosome constitution of complete moles is usually 46,XX, and Kajii et al.
      reported that the entire genome in seven out of seven cases was paternal in
      origin, with all centromere markers homozygous for paternal heteromorphisms.
      These observations, since confirmed, can be explained by the fertilization of an
      'empty' egg--no effective genome--by either a haploid sperm that then duplicates
      without cytokinesis, to restore the diploid number, or by a diploid sperm
      resulting from failure of the second meiotic division. We report here a study of
      a series of complete moles that shows the first alternative to be correct in the
      majority of cases.

PMID- 6447837
TI  - [Contact allergy following administration of ophthalmic solutions and ointments].

PMID- 6447838
TI  - [Diurnal rhythm of pain in sciatica. Preliminary report].
AB  - Similarly as nearly all processes taking place continuously in the organism pain
      shows also frequently a circadian rhythm. In 30 patients with ischalgia pain
      intensity was studied over 24-hour periods during 7 successive days. The patients
      noted graphically the intensity of pain on a specially prepared scale. In the
      light of the data obtained from the patients three types of circadian pain rhythm
      curves were isolated. In 83,3% of cases the co urse of pain had an evident
      circadian rhythm returning during successive days. In 19 cases (63.3%) pain was
      particularly increased in the evening and night hours. In 6 cases (20%) the peak
      intensity of pain was in the morning hours (5-10 a.m.). In the remaining 5 cases
      (16%) its intensity was unchanged, without any circadian fluctuations. No
      relationship was demonstrated between pain rhythm and the age, sex, disease
      duration, spinal radiological changes, sensory or motor deficit. Pain rhythm is
      individual feature connected, probably, with other rhythmic processes in the
      organism, particularly with the rhythm of corticosteroid or endorphin release.
      Increased intensity of pain may be connected with falling level of these
      substances in the organism. In 35 patients with a significant nocturnal rhythm of
      ischalgic pain a trial was undertaken of treating the pain with dexomethasone
      administered in the evening hours in the painless period. The doses were 1-2 mg.
      In nearly 70% of cases (24 patients) a good effect of this treatment was
      obtained. This work based exclusively on clinical observations requires further
      studies and it is regarded by the authors as a preliminary communication.

PMID- 6447839
TI  - Neurosurgical and immunological implications of primary cerebral amyloid
      (congophilic) angiopathy.
AB  - Two cases of histologically documented primary cerebral amyloid complicated by
      spontaneous intracerebral hematoma are reported. The neurosurgical implications
      of this disease are reviewed briefly. Immunological studies in one patient,
      believed to be a rare survivor of an intracerebral hemorrhage from nonfamilial
      primary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, demonstrated an increased percentage of B
      cells within both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood compartments.
      Hypofunction of CSF concanavalin A-activated suppressor cells with respect to B
      and T cell targets was shown. The blood suppressor cells from the patient were
      similar to those of an age-matched control. Compartmental central nervous system
      suppressor cell dysfunction resulting in B cell activation could play a role in
      facilitating amyloid deposits in the brain. The mechanisms responsible for the
      compartmental and limited suppressor cell dysfunction are unknown.

PMID- 6447840
TI  - Identification of muscle spindles by direct and indirect electrical stimulation
      of intrafusal muscle fibers.
AB  - In two series of acute experiments on 25 anesthetized cats methods of rapid
      identification of muscle spindles based on electrical stimulation either of
      fusimotor nerve fibers or directly of the intrafusal muscle fibers were tested.
      The methods used are more reliable tests for the identification of muscle
      spindles than the generally accepted method of investigating the velocity of
      conduction of excitation along a single afferent fiber, for receptors both of the
      joints and of the deep tissues may also be innervated by fibers of the same
      diameter.

PMID- 6447841
TI  - The microfilled composite resins.

PMID- 6447842
TI  - Diagnosis and management of low back pain.

PMID- 6447843
TI  - Oh, my aching back!

PMID- 6447844
TI  - Beware of exercises that do more harm than good.

PMID- 6447845
TI  - A model program for back pain prevention.

PMID- 6447846
TI  - 'In touch' with the omnipresent causes.

PMID- 6447847
TI  - The physician's role as legal advisor.

PMID- 6447849
TI  - Medical acceptance of the "handicapped" worker.

PMID- 6447848
TI  - Determining compensable workplace stressors.

PMID- 6447850
TI  - A relative value scale for ears.

PMID- 6447851
TI  - Noise enforcement and worker's compensation claims.

PMID- 6447852
TI  - Immunoprotein deposition in the cornea.
AB  - A 63-year old woman had bilateral, multi-level corneal deposits distributed as
      fine, discrete crystals and in dense, deep geographic patches. She had a long
      history of sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Autopsy revealed an unsuspected
      lymphoproliferative disorder and immune-complex disease. Histologic examination
      of the eyes revealed eosinophilic, PAS-positive, noncollagenous deposits in the
      cornea at all levels and also in the ciliary processes, pars plana, and choroid.
      Stains for gold, amyloid, and acid mucopolysaccharides were negative.
      Immunoperoxidase stains were positive for IgG most strongly, and also for IgA,
      kappa and lambda light chains. Transmission electron microscopy showed needle
      like electron-dense extracellular particles which we presume are immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6447853
TI  - Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome: a report concerning
      five members of a family.
AB  - Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis is a rare inherited disease
      that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Five affected members of a
      Greek family are described. All affected members of this family had
      hyperkeratosis of the palms, soles and attached gingiva. In addition, less severe
      hyperkeratosis was observed in areas of the oral mucosa subject to pressure and
      friction (palate, lateral border of the tongue, and retromolar pad). On
      histologic examination of biopsy material from the gingiva and the soles, severe
      hyperkeratosis and acanthosis were noted. Because hyperkeratotic lesions were
      located in areas of the oral mucosa in addition to the attached gingiva, the name
      Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome is proposed.

PMID- 6447854
TI  - X-ray utilization as a result of a patient care evaluation study.

PMID- 6447855
TI  - [Action of erythrocytic chalone on hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver induced
      by cyclophosphane and carboxymethylcellulose].

PMID- 6447856
TI  - [Pediatric science for public health practice].

PMID- 6447857
TI  - [Anomalous hemoglobin in a child living in Moscow Province].

PMID- 6447858
TI  - [Activities of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Pediatric Physicians in the
      system of health protection for the rising generation].

PMID- 6447859
TI  - [Status of pediatric gastroenterology research at the Gorki Pediatric Research
      Institute of the Ministry of Public Health of the RSFSR and its developmental
      prospects in the 11th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 6447860
TI  - Perceived self-infliction and evaluation of obese and handicapped persons.

PMID- 6447861
TI  - Communication for the handicapped: the hands say it all.

PMID- 6447862
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis. II. Etiology].

PMID- 6447863
TI  - [Side effects of toxoplasmosis treatment].

PMID- 6447864
TI  - Angioneurotic oedema and urticaria following hydrocortisone--a further case.
AB  - It is still not commonly realized that immediate hypersensitivity reactions to
      hydrocortisone can occur. A rare case is reported which illustrates the need for
      caution when using this drug in atopic subjects. Ideally, parenteral
      hydrocortisone should only be used where facilities for resuscitation are
      available.

PMID- 6447865
TI  - [Chalones and antichalones in hematology].

PMID- 6447866
TI  - [Organization of stomatological services for patients with tuberculosis].

PMID- 6447867
TI  - [Methods of increasing the effectiveness of treatment of destructive pulmonary
      tuberculosis among rural population].

PMID- 6447868
TI  - [Organization of antituberculosis services in the city of Berezniki].

PMID- 6447869
TI  - [Organization of sanatorium treatment of children with ocular tuberculosis].

PMID- 6447870
TI  - A family study of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: an interim report.

PMID- 6447871
TI  - Novel features in the genetic code and codon reading patterns in Neurospora
      crassa mitochondria based on sequences of six mitochondrial tRNAs.
AB  - We report the sequences of Neurospora crassa mitochondrial alanine, leucine(1),
      leucine(2), threonine, tryptophan, and valine tRNAs. On the basis of the
      anticodon sequences of these tRNAs and of a glutamine tRNA, whose sequence
      analysis is nearly complete, we infer the following: (i) The N. crassa
      mitochondrial tRNA species for alanine, leucine(2), threonine, and valine, amino
      acids that belong to four-codon families (GCN, CUN, ACN, and GUN, respectively; N
      = U, C, A, or G) all contain an unmodified U in the first position of the
      anticodon. In contrast, tRNA species for glutamine, leucine(1), and tryptophan,
      amino acids that use codons ending in purines (CA(G) (A), UU(G) (A), and UG(G)
      (A), respectively) contain a modified U derivative in the same position. These
      findings and the fact that we have not detected any other isoacceptor tRNAs for
      these amino acids suggest that N. crassa mitochondrial tRNAs containing U in the
      first position of the anticodon are capable of reading all four codons of a four
      codon family whereas those containing a modified U are restricted to reading
      codons ending in A or G. Such an expanded codon-reading ability of certain
      mitochondrial tRNAs will explain how the mitochondrial protein-synthesizing
      system operates with a much lower number of tRNA species than do systems present
      in prokaryotes or in eukaryotic cytoplasm. (ii) The anticodon sequence of the N.
      crassa mitochondrial tryptophan tRNA is U(*)CA and not CCA or CmCA as is the case
      with tryptophan tRNAs from prokaryotes or from eukaryotic cytoplasm. Because a
      tRNA with U(*)CA in the anti-codon would be expected to read the codon UGA, as
      well as the normal tryptophan codon UGG, this suggests that in N. crassa
      mitochondria, as in yeast and in human mitochondria, UGA is a codon for
      tryptophan and not a signal for chain termination. (iii) The anticodon sequences
      of the two leucine tRNAs indicate that N. crassa mitochondria use both families
      of leucine codons (UU(A) (G) and CUN; N = U, C, A, or G) for leucine, in contrast
      to yeast mitochondria [Li, M. & Tzagoloff, A. (1979) Cell 18, 47-53] in which the
      CUA leucine codon and possibly the entire CUN family of leucine codons may be
      translated as threonine.

PMID- 6447872
TI  - Promoter for the establishment of repressor synthesis in bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - Transcription of the lambda repressor gene (cI) is positively regulated by the
      phage-encoded proteins cII and cIII. We have isolated and characterized the 5'
      terminal region of this RNA and shown that it originates at a promoter (pE)
      located between genes cro and cII. The DNA sequence of this promoter shows little
      homology to other known promoters. Initiation of transcription from PE is
      abolished by the cis-dominant mutations cY; these mutations alter the "-10" and "
      35" regions of the promoter. We propose that the "-35" region is the site of
      activation of PE, possibly via the direct interaction of protein cII.

PMID- 6447873
TI  - Cleavage of the Escherichia coli lexA protein by the recA protease.
AB  - The recA and lexA proteins of EScherichia coli are involved in a complex
      regulatory circuit that allows the expression of a diverse set of functions after
      DNA damage or inhibition of DNA replication. Exponentially growing cells contain
      a low level of recA protein, and genetic evidence suggests that lexA protein is
      involved in its regulation, perhaps as a simple repressor. Recent models for recA
      derepression after DNA damage have suggested that an early event in this process
      is the proteolytic cleavage of lexA protein, leading to high-level expression of
      recA. We present several lines of evidence that the specific protease activity of
      the recA protein, previously described with the lambda repressor as substrate, is
      capable of cleaving the wild-type lexA+ protein. First, lexA protein can be
      cleaved in vitro under the same conditions as prevously described for lambda
      repressor cleavage in a reaction requring both recA protease and ATP or an
      analogue, adenosine 5'-[lambda-thio]-triphosphate. Second, lexA protein can be
      observed in vivo as a physical entity after infection with lambda lexA+
      transducing phage of host strains containing ittle or no active protease, but not
      in strains containing high levels of active protease. Finally, infection of host
      cells containing active protease with a lambda lexA+ transducing phage does not
      lead to repression of recA, but does so in cells lacking active protease. In all
      of these conditions the mutant lexA3 protein is largely resistant to inactivation
      or cleavage; this resistance can explain the dominant phenotype of lexA3 over
      lexA+. We discuss models for recA derepression and re-establishment of repression
      which propose that modulation of the protease activity of recA protein regulates
      both of these transitions.

PMID- 6447874
TI  - Replication of duplex DNA of phage phi X174 reconstituted with purified enzymes.
AB  - Replication of the covalently closed duplex replicative form (RF) of phage phi
      X174 DNA has been achieved by coupling two known enzyme systems: (i) synthesis of
      viral strand circles (SS) from RF, and (ii) conversion of SS to nearly complete
      RF (RF II). In this coupled system, activated RF (gene A . RF II complex) was a
      more efficient template and generated as many as 10 RF II molecules per RF input,
      at a rate commensurate with SS synthesis. The 11 proteins required for the two
      component systems were all needed in the coupled RF duplication system; no new
      factors were required. Single-stranded DNA binding protein was needed for RF
      duplication at only 4% the level needed in its stoichiometric participation in SS
      synthesis. In addition to RF II, more complex replicative forms appeared late in
      the reaction, and their possible origin is discussed.

PMID- 6447875
TI  - Prokaryotic histone-like protein interacting with RNA polymerase.
AB  - firA mutation of Escherichia coli can render RNA synthesis thermosensitive and
      confer abnormal sensitivity to rifampicin, an antibiotic that specifically
      inhibits the activity of RNA polymerase. We previously described the cloning of a
      chromosomal HindIII fragment containing the firA gene, and we now present strong
      evidence that the product of this gene is a 17,000-dalton polypeptide which, by
      various criteria, closely resembles the eukaryotic histones. This protein forms
      the largest of a unique set of three abundant histone-like proteins (HLP) found
      in E. coli and is hence referred to as HLPI. We discuss possible routes by which
      these proteins might affect transcription.

PMID- 6447876
TI  - Macular corneal dystrophy: failure to synthesize a mature keratan sulfate
      proteoglycan.
AB  - Corneal specimens obtained during surgery from patients with macular corneal
      dystrophy and obtained at autopsy from control eyes were incubated in a medium
      containing radioactive precursors of glycoproteins and proteoglycans.
      Biosynthetically radiolabeled material was extracted and characterized by using
      molecular sieve chromatography and specific enzymes. Cells in control corneas
      synthesized both a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and a keratan sulfate
      proteoglycan similar to those present in monkey and bovine corneas. Cells in
      macular corneas synthesized a normal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan but did not
      synthesize either keratan sulfate or a mature keratan sulfate proteoglycan.
      Instead, macular corneas synthesized a glycoprotein with unusually large
      oligosaccharide side chains. This glycoprotein was not detected in normal corneas
      and is slightly smaller than normal keratan sulfate proteoglycan. The failure to
      synthesize a mature keratan sulfate proteoglycan may produce corneal opacity and
      result in blindness. Because of evidence indicating that the corneal keratan
      sulfate proteoglycan is normally synthesized through a glycoprotein intermediate
      [Hart, G. W. & Lennarz, W. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253-5795-5801], macular corneal
      dystrophy may be a defect in glycoprotein processing.

PMID- 6447877
TI  - Mechanical and subcellular function of rat myocardium during chronic ethanol
      consumption.

PMID- 6447878
TI  - The effect of taurine on contractility and sarcolemmal calcium binding of
      bullfrog hearts.

PMID- 6447879
TI  - Para-halogenated phenethylamines: similar serotonergic effects in rats by
      different mechanisms.
AB  - The serotonin (5-HT) behavioral syndrome in rats served as a model to test for
      possible acute serotonergic effects of para-halogenated phenethylamines. p-Chloro
      , p-chloro-beta-methyl-, p-fluoro-, p-bromo-, and p-iodophenethylamine produced
      the same 5-HT behavioral syndrome as did p-chloroamphetamine, but unlike the
      latter did not deplete brain 5-HT 3 days after injection. Pretreatment of rats
      with the 5-HT depletor p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA)( prevented the serotonergic
      effects of both chloro-derivatives, and partially prevented the effects of bromo-
      and iodophenethylamine. 5-hydroxytryptophan restored the behavioral responses to
      these compounds in pCPA-pretreated rats. pCPA treatment did not prevent the
      behavioral effects of p-fluorophenethylamine. Similarly, zimelidine, a 5-HT
      uptake inhibitor, prevented the serotonergic behavioral effects of all compounds
      tested except p-fluorophenethylamine. Taken as a group, para-halogenated
      phenethylamines are short-acting serotonergic compounds which, unlike p
      chloroamphetamine, do not produce long-lasting depletion of brain 5-HT. p
      Chlorophenethylamine and its beta-methyl analog apparently activate central 5-HT
      receptors indirectly, i.e., by 5-HT release; p-fluorophenethylamine is a direct 5
      HT agonist. The p-bromo- and p-iodo-derivatives apparently possess both
      properties.

PMID- 6447880
TI  - [Effects of tryptophan and p-chlorophenylalanine on the epileptogenic cobalt
      focus in the rat].

PMID- 6447881
TI  - A cell culture model for the study of epidermal (chalone) homeostasis.

PMID- 6447882
TI  - Children's attitudes toward physically handicapped peers and intervention
      approaches for attitude change.
AB  - Children with physical handicaps are among those handicapped children who are
      placed in the regular public school classroom as the least restrictive
      environment possible for their education. Physical therapists are increasingly
      extending their service into school settings and are likely to be in the position
      to become advocates for the physically handicapped student. A review of research
      on attitudes held by nonhandicapped peers reveals that unfavorable attitudes
      toward physically handicapped students are prevalent. Strategies for the physical
      therapist to use in helping to promote positive peer attitudes toward physically
      handicapped children are presented.

PMID- 6447883
TI  - Median raphe stimulation, hippocampal theta rhythm and threat-induced behavioral
      inhibition.

PMID- 6447884
TI  - [Adrenaline modification of the radiation reaction of plasma membrane adenosine
      triphosphatases].

PMID- 6447885
TI  - [Effect of 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine on gamma-induced chromosome aberration
      formation in the G1 phase in human lymphocytes].

PMID- 6447886
TI  - [Change in dynamic thrombocyte function in animals irradiated at different
      periods of adaptation to high altitude].

PMID- 6447887
TI  - [Biometals in ophthalmology].

PMID- 6447888
TI  - [Ocular manifestations in chronic myeloid leukemia].

PMID- 6447889
TI  - [Limitations and possibilities of ocular electrophysiology in the field of
      ophthalmological examination technics].

PMID- 6447890
TI  - [Orbitopalpebral exteriorized sinus mucoceles].

PMID- 6447891
TI  - [Mobile scleral stump in 6 technical variants].

PMID- 6447892
TI  - [Physiopathology of binocular vision].

PMID- 6447893
TI  - [Results obtained in surgical treatment of diabetic cataract].

PMID- 6447894
TI  - [Determination of ocular pressure with the pneumotonometer].

PMID- 6447895
TI  - [Combined surgical technic for correction of severe palpebral ptosis].

PMID- 6447896
TI  - [Single-strand silk suture in senile cataract].

PMID- 6447897
TI  - [Some aspects of therapy of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 6447898
TI  - [Remarks concerning api-phytotherapy in ophthalmology].

PMID- 6447899
TI  - [Repair of the conjunctival sac in total ankyloblepharon].

PMID- 6447900
TI  - [Expulsive hemorrhage].

PMID- 6447901
TI  - [Cogan-Reese syndrome].

PMID- 6447903
TI  - [Comparative adaptometry of amblyopic eyes and the congener eyes].

PMID- 6447902
TI  - [Orbital pseudotumor; chronic tuberculous myositis and dacryoadenitis].

PMID- 6447904
TI  - [A case of juvenile conjunctival papillomatosis].

PMID- 6447905
TI  - Muscle fibre type composition of a number of limb muscles in different types of
      horse.
AB  - Skeletal muscle of the equine was differentiated into three fibre types according
      to myosin ATPase (pH 9.4) and succinic dehydrogenase activity. The percentage of
      these types was determined in the musculus deltoideus, m triceps brachii caput
      longum, m gluteus medius, m semitendinosis, m biceps femoris and m vastus
      lateralis of the thoroughbred, Shetland pony, pony, heavy hunter and donkey. In
      addition the m gluteus medius was examined in the arab and American racing
      quarterhorse. High myosin ATPase activity fibres varied from a mean of 93.2 per
      cent in the m gluteus medius of the quarterhorse to 58.2 per cent in the m vastus
      lateralis of the donkey. In the m gluteus medius it was found that the percentage
      of high mycosin ATPase (pH 9.4) fibres varied significantly among breeds and
      these differences were related to the sprinting speed of the breed.

PMID- 6447906
TI  - Dynamics of regression of right ventricular hypertrophy in rats with hypoxic
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Normobaric hypoxia caused a significant increase in right/left ventricular weight
      ratio in rats, a reliable indicator of hypertrophy of the right ventricle,
      already after 1 week of intermittent hypoxic confinement 7 days after termination
      of a 4-week hypoxic exposure the right/left ventricular weight ratio was
      significantly lower compared to the values immediately after hypoxic treatment. 8
      weeks of sojourning in a normoxic environment were not sufficient to normalize
      the right ventricular systolic pressure and right/left ventricular weight ratio.
      It is concluded that changes in the right ventricular mass in rat is a fast
      reaction to the changes in pressure load.

PMID- 6447908
TI  - Education of handicapped children. The physician has an important role and
      responsibility in this education.

PMID- 6447907
TI  - [IgE antibody production: mechanism and control].

PMID- 6447909
TI  - Longitudinal study of occlusion in the primary dentition in 3- and 7-year-old
      children.
AB  - The material for the study comprises plaster models of 269 Copenhagen children,
      the impressions for which were taken during the month each child attained the
      ages of 3 and 7 years. A comparison was made of occlusion in the single child in
      the period. The study illustrates clearly that the same given percentage in two
      age groups is by no means a guarantee that there have been no changes. The canine
      relationships in particular are unstable during the period of study. The only
      stable occlusion is distal occlusion in the primary dentition. This occlusion is
      invariably maintained and is always transferred unchanged to the permanent
      dentition.

PMID- 6447910
TI  - Controlled microstructure of two stage polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate coatings on
      polyethylene terephthalate substrates for potential prosthetic applications.
AB  - Two types of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) substrates (USCI DeBakey
      Vasculour-D and USCI Sauvage filamentous) have been selectively coated with Poly
      hydroxyethyl methacrylate (P-HEMA) in a two-stage process. Using scanning electon
      microscopy (SEM) techniques, the microstructural details of the fabrications were
      identified. The first stage of this process imparted a coating of P-HEMA having a
      heterogeneous macroporous structure and the second stage yielded an internal
      surface coating of hydrogel with a homogeneous microporous surface structure. The
      morphology on a colloidal level was controlled by adjustment of the cosolvent
      ratios holding other fabrication parameters constant. These microstructural
      features coupled with the chemical properties of the hydrogel suggest potential
      medical prosthetic applications. The results of initial canine carotid artery
      implantations indicate that an endothelial-like cell layer can be established
      within 21 days on the luminal surface of specific hydrogel impregnated Dacron
      knitted prosthetic materials. The chemical and morphological properties of a
      hydrogel impregnated Dacron prosthesis may present a blood flow surface which
      allows proper conditioning protein and cellular deposition leading to an
      accelerated endothelial development without the need to preclot the prosthesis
      wall.

PMID- 6447911
TI  - A tridimensional view of seborrheic keratosis.

PMID- 6447912
TI  - Mitogenic responsiveness of human T-lymphocyte subpopulations: regulation by
      suppressive Fc-receptor-bearing T cells and influence of fractionation
      procedures.
AB  - The proliferative response induced by leucoagglutinin (La) in different
      subpopulations of human T lymphocytes was studied. Subpopulations enriched in
      cells with either high- or low-avidity receptors for sheep erythrocytes (SRBC)
      (EH +, EL +) were prepared by sequential E-rosetting. In addition, T lymphocytes
      prepared by E-rosetting under optimal conditions (E + TOT) were fractionated on
      wheat germ agglutin (WGA)-Sepharose columns, rendering fractions enriched in
      lymphocytes with either low- or high-avidity receptors for WGA. The T lymphocytes
      were found to comprise at least three functionally distinct subpopulations,
      differing with respect to mitogen responsiveness. Cells characterized by high
      avidity receptors for WGA and SRBC were highly responsive to La stimulation,
      regardless of the method used for purification. In contrast, cells with low
      avidity receptors for WGA and probably also for SRBC but lacking Fc receptors for
      IgG responded only marginally but were conditioned to respond when subjected to E
      rosetting under optimal conditions. This response was suppressed by lymphocytes
      with Fc receptors for IgG, which probably also had low-avidity receptors for WGA
      and SRBC. The lymphocytes with high-avidity receptors for WGA ans SRBC did not
      appear to be susceptible to suppression by Fc gamma + cells.

PMID- 6447913
TI  - Effects of methylprednisolone on the in vitro induction and function of
      suppressor cells in man.
AB  - The effects of the steroid methylprednisolone on the induction of suppressor
      lymphocytes in human mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) have been examined.
      Concentrations of methylprednisolone (MP) sufficient to inhibit both the cellular
      proliferation and the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in MLC appeared to
      enhance the induction of suppressor cells in these cultures. Maximum enhancement
      of suppressor cell induction occurred at an MP concentration of approximately 1
      microgram/ml. Moreover, the presence of low concentrations of methylprednisolone,
      not sufficient to inhibit proliferation in MLC, significantly potentiated the
      inhibiting effect of suppressor cells on cellular proliferation. The inhibition
      observed by the combined effect of MP and suppressor cells was equivalent to that
      seen using five times as many suppressor cells alone.

PMID- 6447914
TI  - Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

PMID- 6447915
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities.

PMID- 6447916
TI  - Control of the proliferation and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells by
      fibroblast growth factor.

PMID- 6447917
TI  - Temporary cutaneous vesicostomy in pediatric patients.
AB  - Cutaneous vesicostomy is useful as a stage in management of various vesical and
      infravesical disorders in pediatric patients. The underlying problem can often be
      circumvented by temporary cutaneous vesicostomy and later be approached by
      reconstructive surgery, intermittent catheterization, or pharmacologic
      manipulation. In contrast, long-term cutaneous vesicostomy often leads to an
      unacceptably high rate of complications.

PMID- 6447918
TI  - Patients in a clinic for children with multiple handicaps: a retrospective
      diagnostic evaluation.
AB  - This study illustrates the effectiveness of an outpatient facility in evaluating
      patients with a variety of handicapping disorders. A multidisciplinary approach,
      such as the one used in the Child Study Clinic, is the most effective and most
      efficient mode of evaluating handicapped children, though hospitalization is
      occasionally required to further evaluate such complicated problems. Every child
      with mental retardation, birth defects, or multiple handicaps requires a thorough
      evaluation for the purposes of diagnosis, treatment, and the prescription of long
      term educational and occupational goals. Family history often indicates the need
      for genetic counseling.

PMID- 6447919
TI  - [Median duration of the course of circulatory system diseases].

PMID- 6447920
TI  - [Public health inspections].

PMID- 6447921
TI  - [Public health in Chimkent Province in the years of World War II].

PMID- 6447922
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenological picture of pulmonary thromboembolism during
      thrombolytic therapy].

PMID- 6447923
TI  - [Current state of the problem of immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6447924
TI  - [Various problems of disability among urban and rural population of the Krasnodar
      Territory].

PMID- 6447925
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of surgical diseases of the anterior abdominal wall.
AB  - The use of ultrasound in surgical diseases of the abdominal wall has received
      scant attention. The criteria for the ulrasonic diagnosis of abdominal wall
      disease and the usefulness of ultrasound in patients with incisional pain, occult
      hernias and abdominal wall masses are illustrated by the records of these
      patients. Ultrasound of the abdominal wall is a safe, rapid and noninvasive test
      that can be performed in any patient population, including the postoperative
      patient, without risk of contrast reaction of radiation exposure.

PMID- 6447926
TI  - Anastomotic aneurysms following lower extremity revascularization.

PMID- 6447927
TI  - [Dermovate scalp application in dermatology. A multi-centre Swiss study (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6447928
TI  - The destruction of factor VIII clotting activity by thrombin and plasmin.

PMID- 6447929
TI  - Rattlesnake shaker muscle: I. A light microscopic and histochemical study.
AB  - Rattlesnake body and shaker muscles were studied using light microscopy and
      histochemistry. Five myofiber types are distinguishable in the body musculature.
      The majority are large diameter fast twitch fibers with high alkaline-stable
      ATPase activity and few mitochondria. In the shaker muscle the major fiber
      differs from all body fibers in that myofibrils do not entirely fill the fibers.
      The myofibrils branch repeatedly with one another, which leaves large areas of
      sarcoplasm devoid of filaments and gives the fibers a characteristic mottled
      appearance. Mitochondria and glycogen deposits are very numerous. Shaker fibers
      have high alkaline stable ATPase activity and, in addition, stain intensely for
      NADH-TR and alpha GPD. Myofibers of the shaker muscle are unusual in that they
      are extremely fast contracting yet are highly fatigue resistant.

PMID- 6447930
TI  - Characterization of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine of a
      patient with the Hunter syndrome.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycan isolated from the urine of a patient with the Hunter syndrome
      was composed of heparan sulfate (59.9%), dermatan sulfate (30.6%) and chondroitin
      sulfate (9.5%), and was heterogeneous in molecular weight (1,500-10,000) and in
      sulfate content (0.35-2.05 moles/mole of hexosamine). About 60% of dermatan
      sulfate and 10% of heparan sulfate had molecular weight of 7,000 to 10,000, while
      about 10% of the former and 60% of the latter had those of 1,500 to 3,500.
      Sulfate contents of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were inversely related
      to their molecular weights. Higher total- and N-sulfate contents were measured in
      smaller molecular-weight heparan sulfate, and higher acetyl content was in larger
      molecular-weight heparan sulfate. On the basis of the chemical properties of
      dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate isolated in this experiment, their catabolic
      processes in the Hunter syndrome were discussed.

PMID- 6447931
TI  - Blastocyst implantation in ovariectomized, adrenalectomized hamsters treated with
      inhibitors of steroidogenesis during the pre-implantation period.
AB  - The possible involvement of blastocyst estrogen production in the initiation of
      implantation, as indicated by the presence of areas of increased endometrial
      vascular permeability on Day 5 of pregnancy, was examined in hamsters. The
      animals were ovariectomized and adrenalectomized on Day 3 to remove maternal
      sources of estrogen, and pregnancy was maintained with medroxyprogesterone
      acetate. Aminoglutethimide phosphate (AGP) and cyano-ketone, inhibitors of
      steroidogenesis, administered from Days 3 to 5 of pregnancy, did not affect the
      proportion of hamsters in which implantation was initiated. However, the AGP
      treatment was associated with a lower proportion of embryos, recovered on Day 4,
      which were blastocysts, fewer implantation sites on Day 5, and smaller
      implantation swellings on Day 9. AGP treatment had no significant effect on the
      uterine concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs) of the E series, which were higher
      in the implantation sites than elsewhere in the uterus on Day 5. These results
      suggest that neither maternal nor blastocyst estrogen production is essential for
      the initiation of implantation in the hamster. In addition, the data suggest that
      the localized elevated PGE concentrations at implantation sites are induced by a
      blastocyst signal which is independent of blastocyst steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6447932
TI  - [Changes in phosphofructokinase activity upon exposure of muscles and muscle
      extracts to injurious agents].
AB  - A study has been made on changes of outflux, extractability and activity of
      phosphofructokinase (PPK) under the action of heating, and of urea on the frog's
      skeletal muscles and on their extracts. Under the action of heating on muscles,
      the decrease of PPK activity (to 35%) is first revealed 34--36 degress C, when
      decrease of excitability and the contracture are not yet detected, and the
      extractability of the total water-soluble protein does not change. At the start
      of contracture, and at the decrease of excitability (at 38 degrees C) PPK in the
      muscle loses its activity. The thermolability of PPK is the greatest one compared
      to all the enzymes investigated before. The data on the high thermolability of
      PPK are discussed in terms of the regulating role of PPK in glycolysis. The PPK
      activity of extracts of muscles altered by urea, during the action not
      accompanied by the death of muscles, does not change. At the irreversible
      disappearance of muscle excitability, PPK is inactivated. PPK in the cell is more
      stable to injuring agents than PPK in isolated state.

PMID- 6447933
TI  - [Laparoscopy with particular attention to use in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 6447934
TI  - [Treatment of femoral neck fractures in a regional trauma department].
AB  - On the basis of a detailed analysis of near and late results the authors come to
      the conclusion that the treatment of patients with femur neck fractures can be
      successfully performed under conditions of a regional traumatological department.
      The compressing screw constructions can be widely used in clinical practice for
      the surgical treatment of patients with fractures of the femur neck bone.

PMID- 6447935
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - The authors describe their experience of surgical treatment of 133 patients with
      foreign bodies in the gastro-intestinal tract under conditions of an urgent
      twenty-four-hour clinic. A careful clinico-rentgenological and endoscopic
      examination of patients with foreign bodies in the gastro-intestinal tract in the
      dynamics of surgical treatment give good results. Special attention was given to
      the treatment methods (active or actively expecting) of patients with such
      pathology.

PMID- 6447936
TI  - Interactions of the lambda cIIIs1 and E. coli hfl-1 mutations.

PMID- 6447937
TI  - [Socialist competition in the epidemiological health institutions of a military
      district].

PMID- 6447938
TI  - [Organization of epidemic control protection of the troops on the Western (3d
      White Russian) front].

PMID- 6447939
TI  - [Treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis with Matsesta baths and mud applications].

PMID- 6447940
TI  - [Music psychotherapy of neuroses and neurosislike states in overall sanatorium
      and health resort treatment].

PMID- 6447941
TI  - [Effect of Arzni carbonate mineral baths on the gamma-aminobutyric acid content
      in the brain (an experimental study)].

PMID- 6447942
TI  - [Late results of the sanatorium and health resort treatment of the sequelae of
      viral encephalitis].

PMID- 6447943
TI  - [Specialized neurological care problems at cardiological health resorts].

PMID- 6447944
TI  - [Effectiveness of treating children with pyelonephritis at Zheleznovodsk].

PMID- 6447945
TI  - [Effect of sanatorium and climatic treatment on autonomic tonus in hypertension
      and ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6447946
TI  - [Effect of a complex of occupational factors on the nature and characteristics of
      diseases in electric welders].

PMID- 6447947
TI  - [Mechanisms of adaptation of phosphorus energy metabolism in the liver in acute
      cholecystitits].

PMID- 6447948
TI  - [Morphologic and physico-chemical characteristics of staphylococcal bacteriophage
      SB-1 virions].
AB  - Virions of polyvalent staphylococcal bacteriophage SB-I have an octaedric head
      (800 X 700 A) and a long contractive process (1800 X 150 A). The phage particle
      with a molecular weight of 150 X 10(6) daltons contains 48% double-stranded RNA
      and 52% protein. The proteinic component of the phage consists of 18 heterogeneic
      polypeptide chains.

PMID- 6447949
TI  - Backache: its changing prevalence.

PMID- 6447950
TI  - [Therapy of vertebral syndromes from the viewpoint of the family physician].

PMID- 6447951
TI  - [Practical evaluations on population health characteristics. 4. Handicaps as a
      measure of fitness].

PMID- 6447952
TI  - [Responsibility of physicians for the evaluation of health conditions in the
      choice of professions in school graduates].

PMID- 6447953
TI  - [Notes on B. Kreuz's paper: social-hygienic notes on the state and the
      development of genetically caused morbidity].

PMID- 6447954
TI  - [The sick heart as an origin of arterial embolism].

PMID- 6447955
TI  - [Alteration in the small airway tests on asthmatics under treatment with atrovent
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Alterations in the small airway tests (flow volume diagram, single breath test,
      frequence dependence of compliance, nitrogen washout) on 9 asthmatics were
      measured by the treatment with Atrovent. We found no influences on the peripher
      obstruction and on the unequal ventilation.

PMID- 6447956
TI  - Histochemistry and the structure of the epidermis of a fresh-water teleost
      Noemacheilus botia (Hamilton-Buchanon) (Cobitidae, Pisces).
AB  - Functional organization and the histochemical nature of the various cellular
      components of the epidermis of Noemacheilus botia are described. The various
      histochemical techniques reveal the basic proteinaccous nature of the outer free
      margins of the polygonal cells of the most superficial layer of the epidermis.
      These cells remain metabolically active as revealed by their healthy nuclei and
      are not sloughed off at the surface. the lateral cell membranes of these cells
      are fused together forming a continuous barrier which plays important role in
      water proofing the skin. In addition the polygonal cells in the most superficial
      layer also undergo the process of mucogenesis synthesizing sulphated acid
      mucopolysaccharides which may ultimately form a part of the contents of the
      protective extracellular cuticular coat.

PMID- 6447957
TI  - [Influence of the weather on the course of lumbar syndromes].
AB  - Sensation of pain during lumbar syndromes is correlated with weather situations,
      the definition of which takes into consideration traditional as well as new
      methods of weather classification. To this end, it was necessary to develop an
      algesia index for the purpose of defining the subjective pain sensation by
      classifying it in different groups enabling the application of medico
      meteorological statistics. The medical data were correlated with the following
      meteorological arametes: Weather-phase scheme according to Brezowsky-Ungeheuer;
      temperature-humidity environment; weather situations for Central Europe; synoptic
      index cycle; advention of temperature in medium altitudes of the atmosphere;
      vorticity for cyclogenesis. The following results were obtained: Pain sensation
      in the lumbar area shows a significant dependence on weather situations. Althoguh
      singular meteorological parameters are not important, the human body is affected
      primarily by the sum total of all weather elements.

PMID- 6447958
TI  - [Development of care for the physically handicapped].

PMID- 6447959
TI  - [The best working posture when doing venipunctures].

PMID- 6447960
TI  - [Central hemodynamics in the combined exposure of the body to hypoxia and
      physical loading against a background of a limited motor regimen].

PMID- 6447961
TI  - Prune belly syndrome in a female with presentation simulating diaphragmatic
      hernia.

PMID- 6447962
TI  - [The suppressor cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - The rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into peripheral blood lymphocytes was
      determined immediately after the addition of 1 microgram of Con A and after 24 h
      of preincubation period the stimulation in normal controls was 3 times higher
      than after the immediate addition of mitogen. In rheumatics the increase was 1,7
      fold only. The results were interpreted as indicating a lack of suppressor cell
      activity in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6447963
TI  - Cardiac involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (P.S.S.)--an
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - Echocardiography was used to determine the incidence and severity of cardiac
      lesions in 20 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Abnormal findings
      were recorded in 14 (70%) patients. These included pericardial effusion in five,
      increased right ventricular diameter in five, increased left ventricular
      posterior wall thickness in four with no systemic hypertension, decreased
      diastolic closure of anterior mitral leaflet in five, and abnormal septal
      features in four patients. Dilatation of aortic root was found in two patients
      and moderated thickening of the anterior mitral valve in one patient. Clinical
      evidence of scleroderma heart was found in one of the 20 patients. Abnormal ECG
      changes were found in 12 (60%) of the patients. These included LVH, simulating MI
      pattern, conduction disturbances and P wave changes. Echocardiography proved to
      be an important non-invasive diagnostic tool which decreases the discrepancy
      between the relatively few clinical findings and rich cardiac pathology.
      Furthermore, this study confirms the usefulness of the method in the evaluation
      of the "asymptomatic" cardiac patient.

PMID- 6447964
TI  - [Investigations of acute cell toxicity of ceramic implant materials (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6447965
TI  - [Frequency and causes of life-threatening forms and courses of pyogenic soft-part
      infections in the maxillocervicofacial regions of 3,314 patients (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The morbidity of life-threatening inflammatory diseases is determined from
      examinations of 3,314 inpatients with pyogenic soft-part infections in the
      maxillocervico-facial region. Abnormally severe and life-threatening disease
      pictures must be expected in about 5 and 15 per cent of the cases, with the
      lethality being in the order of 0.2 per cent. The etiological factors responsible
      for the development of abnormal forms of disease, which were determined from a
      review of the relevant literature, were confirmed by the results obtained for the
      patients examined in this investigation. Errors in diagnosis and therapy account
      for a high percentage of the medical failures reported. Retrospectively, numerous
      clinical pictures have become modified due obviously to the increasing use in
      dental practice of antibiotic substances.

PMID- 6447966
TI  - [Effects of inorganic and organic fluorides combined with molybdenum and
      chlorohexidine upon processes of metabolism, fluoride content, and cariosity of
      the teeth of Wistar rats (author's transl)].
AB  - A study has been made to determine the inhibitory action upon the progress of
      dental caries of two trace elements (fluorine and molybdenum) combined with
      chlorohexidine with the goal of increasing the efficiency of fluoride treatment.
      However, the results obtained show that the chosen combination of trace elements
      did not lead to a substantial increase in cariostatic action. Combined use of
      fluorides and chlorohexidine was seen to exert an inhibitory action on the
      progress of dental caries.

PMID- 6447967
TI  - [An interesting case of chondroektodermal dysplasia (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of chondroectodermal dysplasia, by Ellis, van Creveld, is described
      manifested both by changes in oral cavity and in the skeleton. The patient is a
      nine-year-old girl with shallow vestibulum oris, supernumerary mucosal plicae in
      the frontal part of the vestibulum oris, oligodontia and involvement of tooth
      shape. Among other symptoms there were polydactylia (corrected by surgery), club
      shaped fingers and koilonoychia. Bone X-ray showed alterations typical for this
      type of enchondral dysplasia. This case can, in our opinion, be managed only by
      prosthesis. This syndrome, fortunately, is but rarely seen.

PMID- 6447968
TI  - [Micromorphology of papillae filiformes of the human tongue in congenital heart
      diseases in scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447969
TI  - [Frequency analysis of stomatological, surgical, and bioptic material (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6447970
TI  - [Histological studies of the different forms of tertiary dentin (dentin formed as
      a result of irritation) (author's transl)].
AB  - Authors dealing with the dentin tissue arrange the structurally various kinds of
      it into primary, secondary and tertiary dentin agreeing fully with the
      classification of Kuttler. Varieties of the tertiary dentin are shown.
      Explanation is given for the forming of tertiary dentin at the floor of the
      pulpchamber of molars.

PMID- 6447971
TI  - [Experiences with the brucke incision in surgery of the gallbladder and the
      extrahepatic cystic duct].

PMID- 6447972
TI  - [Role of soil as a factor in the transmission of toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 6447973
TI  - [Smallpox eradication in Southeast Asia].

PMID- 6447974
TI  - [Study of the stimulating action of sturin, its fractions, and the internal
      protein of T2 phage in transfection of E. coli spheroplasts by Lambda phage DNA].
AB  - The stimulating action of sturin and its fractions in the transfection of E. coli
      spheroplasts with DNA of phage lambda has been shown, and the optimum conditions
      for the infection of sturin-treated spheroplasts with phage DNa have been
      established. The biological effect was most pronounced in arginine-enriched low
      molecular sturin fraction B. The treatment of spheroplasts with the internal
      protein of phage T2 did not stimulate transfection. These findings suggest that
      the specificity of the stimulating action of protamine depends on the
      peculiarities of its amino acid composition, viz. a high content of arginine
      which is present in protein molecules in the form of blocks made up of 2-6 amino
      acid residues.

PMID- 6447975
TI  - [Antiepidemic work among the population in the military activity zone of the
      Western (3d Belorussian)( Front].

PMID- 6447976
TI  - [Antiepidemic provisions for the Iasi-Kishinev operation].

PMID- 6447977
TI  - [Hydrocephalus in Huntington's chorea].

PMID- 6447978
TI  - [Work of psychiatric institutions in Leningrad during the blockade].

PMID- 6447979
TI  - [Niemann-Pick disease and Down's disease in children from the same family].

PMID- 6447980
TI  - Increase of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in the parents of trisomy 21
      children. Hematological and cytogenetic studies.
AB  - A comparative study of karyotypes, hematological variables and neutrophil
      alkaline phosphatase (NAP) was performed in 106 parents (53 couples) of children
      with free, homogeneous trisomy 21 and of 220 parents (110 couples) of normal
      children. In the parents of trisomy 21 children we found a significant increase
      of the NAP (p <0.05) and a nonsignificant difference in the number of white blood
      cells. In 4 cases, we also found an anomaly in the karyotype. A modification of
      the metabolism of the neutrophils seems possible.

PMID- 6447981
TI  - [Decrease of activities of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and alkaline
      phosphatase in osteoclasts during the process of fixation and decalcification
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447982
TI  - Spine distribution along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in Down's
      syndrome. A quantitative Golgi study.
AB  - The number of spines along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in the
      hippocampal and cingulate gyri were counted on Golgi preparations of the brains
      of seven cases of Down's syndrome; they did not show neuropathological senile
      changes. The number of spines in the middle and distal segments of the apical
      dendrites of Down's syndrome group were significantly fewer than in those of the
      control group. The number of spines in aged noncharacteristic mentally retarded
      cases were not decreaed compared with the controls. The diminution of spines in
      Down's syndrome is considered to be rather specific in this condition and is not
      a common finding in other types of mental retardation. It might also be one of
      the early changes of dendritic degeneration related to senile plaque formation.

PMID- 6447983
TI  - Membrne alterations in human glioblastoma.
AB  - Plasma membrane-enriched fractions were isolated from human gliomas and brain
      white matter. These membrane fractions were characterized by electron microscopy
      and by the distribution of the membrane marker enzymes (Na+K+)-ATPase and 2',3'
      cyclic AMP-3'-phosphohydrolase. The comparison of the membranes from tumor and
      control material by SDS gel electrophoresis reveals an altered tumor membrane.
      Two proteins of a molecular weight of about 70,000 dalton and 30,000 dalton are
      found to be more expressed in the tumor membrne.

PMID- 6447984
TI  - Morphological study on experimental cerebral vasospasm. II. Fluorescence
      microscopic examination on experimental cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - Basilar arteries with experimental vasospasm were studies histochemically using a
      catecholamine fluorescence technique in 15 cats. Fluorescence microscopy of
      normal vessels revealed abundant catecholamine fluorescence in the adventitia and
      in close contact with the media, but none within the media. Experimental
      subarachnoid hemorrhage resulted in depletion of catecholamine fluorescence in
      the adventitia and in its appearance in the media. In vessels with vasospasm
      which lasted for 2 or 5 h and responded to vasodilators, fluorescence was scarce
      in the adventitia, but abundant in the media. In vessels with vasospasm
      unresponsive to spasmolytic agents, fluorescence was observed neither in the
      adventitia nor in the media. The results suggest that noradrenaline in the media
      of spastic arteries plays an important role in the development of cerebral
      vasospams.

PMID- 6447985
TI  - The effect of intraluminal pressure upon the frequency of intestinal contraction
      waves.
AB  - In guinea pigs the lumen of an excised jejunal segment was perfused to study the
      effect of intraluminal pressure on the frequency of rhythmic contraction waves.
      Within the range of 0 to 40 mmH2O, increases in intraluminal pressure caused
      increases in the frequency of contraction waves. At pressures of 10, 15, 20, 30
      and 40 mmH2O the frequency was 7.9, 9.0, 10.9, 12.5 and 13.3 per min (mean of ten
      preparations), respectively. An exponential relationship was proved to exist
      between the pressure and the frequency.

PMID- 6447986
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic observation of hepatitis B surface antigen on the
      surface of liver cells from patients with hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - A recently modified method using peroxidase labeled antibodies for light and
      electron microscopic demonstration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was applied to the
      evaluation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the surface of liver cells
      in biopsy specimens from 24HBsAg chronic carriers. Membranous distribution of
      HBsAg was demonstrated in diffuse or scattered hepatocytes in all 4 asymptomatic
      carriers and in 3 of the 20 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis
      or liver cirrhosis. In these patients with membranous expression of HBsAg,
      hepatitis B e antigen, Dane particles and DNA polymerase were often detected in
      sera, and large amounts of hepatitis B core antigen appeared in the liver. These
      results suggest that membrane-bound HBsAg may be expressed by the HBV genome. The
      ultrastructural study of liver cells showing membranous expression disclosed
      dense deposits of reaction product indicative of HBsAg on the cell membrane
      and/or on assembled particles within the extracellular space. In some hepatocytes
      showing both diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous expression of HBsAg, HBsAg
      positive membrane of cisternae open to the intercellular space was connected with
      the liver cell membrane. These findings supported the conjecture that HBV
      associated antigens are integrated into the liver cell membrane.

PMID- 6447987
TI  - Factors influencing long-term survival after aortic valve replacement.
AB  - In the aortic stenosis group, the left ventricular (LV) muscle mass index was a
      good parameter for predicting the prognosis. Associated mitral valve disease had
      no influence on long term survival after aortic valve replacement. In the aortic
      insufficiency group, associated mitral valve disease had a marked influence on
      the results of aortic valve replacement. In general, the aortic insufficiency
      group had less clinical improvement postoperatively than the aortic stenosis
      group. In the annuloaortic ectasia group, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure
      (LVEDP) might be the predictor to the prognosis. This group had the worst
      prognosis, of the three groups. Early operation should be considered for patients
      who have no, or only mild symptoms of, aortic valve disease.

PMID- 6447988
TI  - Papillary adenoma of the duodenum; report of a case and review of the literature
      in Japan.
AB  - A papillary (villous) adenoma of the duodenum was found in a 67-year-old male.
      Radiographic barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed a tumor
      in the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsied specimens taken through a
      duodenofiberscope showed papillary adenoma. A partial duodenectomy with
      duodenojejunostomy was performed. The specimen was a pedunculated tumor measuring
      3 X 2 X 1.5 cm. Histologically, the tumor was composed of villous and tubular
      arrangements of mucus-secreting columnar epithelial cells. A moderate number of
      entero-endocrine cells and a few Paneth cells were also noted. Forty-two other
      cases reported in Japan are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6447989
TI  - Electron microscopic observation of hepatitis B virus budding from hepatocytes
      into bile canaliculi.
AB  - In electron microscopic observation of a liver biopsy obtained from a hepatitis B
      surface antigen-positive patient, noncoated core particles were occasionally seen
      budding into the hepatocytic cisterni and many Dane particles were found in the
      pericanalicular vesicles of hepatocytes. Noncoated core particles were also
      localized in clusters within the bleb of microvilli. There were some core
      particles being protruded from microvilli into the lumen of bile canaliculi by
      budding. These findings suggest hepatitis B virus being released from the
      hepatocyte to the bile canaliculi by two different modes; through vesicle by
      reversed phagocytosis and from the microvilli by budding.

PMID- 6447990
TI  - Tissue immune complexes demonstrated in the liver of patients with chronic
      aggressive hepatitis using FITC-labelled human Clq.
AB  - Immune complexes in liver specimens from 10 patients with chronic liver diseases
      [2 with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 3 with chronic aggressive hepatitis
      (CAH) of moderate activity, 3 with CAH of severe activity, and 2 with liver
      cirrhosis] were examined by a technique of direct immunofluorescence using FITC
      labelled human purified Clq (FITC-Clq). FITC-Clq bound to the nuclei of all cells
      in liver tissue. After DNase treatment, positive nuclei were absent, but positive
      staining with FITC-Clq remained in amorphous deposits and hepatic cell membranes
      in the areas of piecemeal necrosis of four CAH patients. Since FITC-Clq could not
      be demonstrated in the liver tissue of CPH and liver cirrhosis which contained no
      piecemeal necrosis, positive fluorescence in the liver of CAH patients was
      thought to indicate immune complexes bound to FITC-Clq. The fact that these
      positive substances, however, were few in number, may be the result of
      physiological mechanisms of immune clearance which rapidly eliminate immune
      complexes from the body.

PMID- 6447991
TI  - [Extraocular proprioceptors and their central actions (author's transl)].

PMID- 6447992
TI  - Psychiatric consultation in a school program for multihandicapped deaf children.

PMID- 6447993
TI  - Clinicopathological study of the heart and coronary arteries of autopsied cases
      from the community of Hisayama during a 10-year period. Part IV. QS waves in the
      precordial leads.
AB  - During a ten-year period, from November 1, 1961, to October 31, 1971, 339
      residents aged 40 years or over at death were nonselectively autopsied in a
      Japanese community, Hisayama town (mean autopsy rate: 84%). One or more standard
      12-lead ECGs plus V4R and V7 electrocardiograms taken at periodic medical
      examinations were available for 308 of them. In 46 persons, QS waves were
      localized in one or more leads from V1 to V4. By transverse sectioning of the
      hearts, old myocardial infarction extending into the interventricular septum was
      found in nine of these 46 persons. Frequency of myocardial infarction cases in
      each category for QS localization was as follows: Lead V1 to V4, three of three;
      Leads V1 to V3, six of nine; Leads V1 and V2, three of 15; Leads V2 and V3, none
      of two; Lead V3, none of one; Lead V2, one of eight; and Lead V1, one of 25.

PMID- 6447994
TI  - Ischemic cardiomyopathy: a clinicopathologic study of fourteen patients.

PMID- 6447995
TI  - Long-term evaluation (12 to 22 years) of open heart surgery for tetralogy of
      Fallot.
AB  - Four hundred seventy-five patients underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot from
      1955 to 1964; 396 of these were hospital survivors and were followed up for 12 to
      22 years. An excellent late clinical result was maintained by 87 percent of the
      396 hospital survivors. A less than excellent result in the remaining 13 percent
      of hospital survivors was caused by late mortality in 7 percent (sudden death in
      3 percent, death due to cardiac causes in 2 percnt and death due to noncardiac
      causes in 2 percent), required reoperation in 4 percent (mainly because of
      residual ventricular septal defect) and development of symptoms in 2 percent.
      Postoperative cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio greater than 0.55) was observed
      in 60 (25 percent) of 246 patients who had a follow-up chest roentgenogram, and
      was more common among those who died late or remained symptomatic. Among the few
      patients with inadequate surgical relief of right ventricular hypertension who
      did not have transanular patch repair, the hypertension did not tend to decrease
      progressively, whereas it did decrease in patients who had patch repair. No late
      sudden deaths were encountered in 20 patients shown to have postoperative right
      bundle branch block plus left axis deviation (bifascicular block pattern).
      Pulmonary valve incompetence appeared to have relatively little harmful influence
      on the late result, causng cardiac disability in 1 percent of the patients and
      appeared to be the main contributing factor of postoperative cardiomegaly in 13
      (5 percent) of the 246 patients who had a follow-up chest roentgenogram. Most
      late deaths and complicatins appeared within 2 years of operation, and
      accelerating deterioration in late results did not occur as the follow-up
      extended beyond 2 decades.

PMID- 6447996
TI  - Cupular secretion by Xenopus laevis line organs: autoradiographic evidence for
      incorporation of 3H-glucose and 35S-sulfate.
AB  - Autoradiographic evidence for incorporation of 3H-glucose and 35S-sulfate into
      the cupulae of Xenopus laevis (African clawed toad) lateral line organs was
      obtained after injection into the dorsal lymph sacs of adult animals. Time
      intervals of 15 minutes to 4 hours after administration of these labeled
      metabolic precursors were used to examine the time course of the apparent
      mechanism of growth of the cupulae. Our results suggest that the two layers of
      accessory cells (the sustentacular cells and inner layer of mantle cells),
      concentrically arranged around the organ's central sensory (hair) cells,
      elaborate distinct cupular components. Sustentacular cells, immediately adjacent
      to the sensory cells, appear to produce and extrude at their exposed apices a
      cupular "core" substance labeled by 3H-glucose, but not by 35S-sulfate. The layer
      of inner mantle cells, external to the sustentacular cells, was labeled by both
      precursors and is spatially situated to secrete a cupular sheath enclosing the
      cupular core. Ultrastructural differences between the secretory products within
      the two cell types were marked. Electron microscopic autoradiography of toads
      killed 4 hours after 3H-glucose injection showed that silver grains were
      associated with accumulations of the respective secretory products in
      sustentacular and inner mantle cells, and label was found over the cupular trough
      area, where the bases of the cupulae are attached. These results suggest that the
      cupular core and sheath may both contain mucopolysaccharide, and the sheath, a
      sulfated mucopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6447997
TI  - Immunology and aging Philip Levine Award.

PMID- 6447998
TI  - In-vitro inactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics by piperacillin and
      carbenicillin.
AB  - Clinical microbiology laboratory experiences wherein aminoglycoside serum assay
      results appeared inconsistent with the amount of the compound given when
      administered in combination with a semisynthetic penicillin led us to compare the
      interaction of three currently available aminoglycoside antibiotics with
      carbenicillin, as a representative semisynthetic penicillin given in large doses,
      and with piperacillin, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin. Amikacin,
      gentamicin, and tobramycin were incubated in serum in vitro with various
      concentrations of carbenicillin and piperacillin. In the presence of very high
      concentrations of the two penicillins, tobramycin was the most rapidly
      inactivated aminoglycoside, gentamicin was next, and amikacin was only slightly
      inactivated. With low concentrations of the two penicillins, the rates of
      aminoglycoside inactivation were negligible. Carbenicillin, in high
      concentration, inactivated the aminoglycosides more rapidly than piperacillin. In
      patients experiencing renal failure, the maintenance of moderate serum levels of
      carbenicillin and piperacillin may be important in attempting to maintain
      adequate aminoglycoside serum levels.

PMID- 6447999
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptophan and pyridoxine. Their effects in young children with Down's
      syndrome.
AB  - In a double-blind study, 89 children with Down's syndrome were given 5
      hydroxytryptophan or pyridoxine hydrochloride in the first three years of life.
      The analysis of 5-hydroxyindole blood levels revealed that 5-hydroxytryptophan,
      pyridoxine, and the combination of 5-hydroxytryptophan and pyridoxine raised
      blood levels of 5-hydroxyindole equally well in 40% of the children. The
      assessment of muscle-tone ratings showed no significant difference among the
      study groups once children with moderate and severe congenital heart disease were
      excluded. Detailed studies of cognitive-adaptive function of children in the
      various groups found a significant difference ont the Vineland Social Maturity
      Scale at ages 6, 12, 18, and 36 months; yet the source of significance was a
      negative interaction affecting children whose parents were able to comply with
      furnished guidance; these children showed consistently higher levels of
      accomplishment.

PMID- 6448000
TI  - Sickle red cell calcium metabolism: studies on Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase and Ca-binding
      properties of sickle red cell membranes.
AB  - Sickle (Hb SS) red cells, preloaded with 45Ca by reversal of hemolysis, exhibit
      an incomplete 45Ca extrusion, retaining approximately four times more 45Ca than
      normal cells. Studies indicated that neither the reduction in Hb SS cell Ca2+
      Mg2+ ATPase activity (84% of normal) nor the activation of Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase by
      calmodulin was sufficiently different from normal cells to attribute a major role
      to the calcium pump in 45Ca retention. These results suggested that 45Ca
      retention may reflect an alteration in the calcium-binding properties of Hb SS
      cell membranes. Low-affinity calcium-binding (freely dissociable) was similar in
      normal and Hb SS cell membranes. However, the total calcium bound with high
      affinity (tightly bound) was four-to-five times greater in Hb SS cell membranes
      than in normal membranes. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that
      Hb SS cell 45Ca retention reflects an exchange of a fraction of the total 45Ca
      with a tightly bound calcium pool, larger in Hb SS cell membranes than in normal
      membranes. A comparable degree of red cell 45Ca retention, which did not
      correlate with the reticulocyte population, was observed in other chronic anemic
      states. These findings suggest that the increased high-affinity calcium binding
      by the membrane may be a consequence of cellular changes induced by the anemic
      condition.

PMID- 6448001
TI  - Pregnancy, a temporary fetal graft of suppressor cells in autoimmune disease?

PMID- 6448002
TI  - Stable prolactin level after enhanced estradiol production following
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
AB  - To evaluate whether intravenous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
      (DHEAS), by enhancing estradiol (E2) production, would stimulate prolactin (PRL)
      secretion in late pregnancy, maternal serum PRL was determined before and 1 to 5
      hours after administration of 100 mg of DHEAS in a total of 41 women with normal
      or complicated late pregnancies (twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, intrahepatic
      cholestasis of pregnancy, diabetes). The basal serum PRL concentration in
      patients with diabetes was significantly lower than normal. The mean PRL level
      did not change significantly in any group in spite of the increase in serum E2
      levels after the DHEAS injection. The lack of PRL response to a rapid rise in E2
      may be due to the maximal inhibition of the PRL-inhibiting factor in the
      hypothalamus and/or maximal activation of the pituitary lactotrophs occasioned by
      the high estrogen environment during late pregnancy.

PMID- 6448003
TI  - Technical failures in tubal ring sterilization: Incidence, perceived reasons,
      outcome, and risk factors.
AB  - Six centers participated in comparative studies of female sterilization conducted
      by the international Fertility Research Program. The incidence of technical
      failures (or failed attempts) was compared between patients sterilized with the
      tubal ring and those sterilized with other tubal occlusion techniques. The tubal
      ring was associated with a higher failure rate than electrocoagulation, the
      Rocket clip, or the modified Pomeroy technique. Of 1,035 tubal ring
      sterilizations, there were 38 technical failures. Reasons given by the operators
      for the failures, by frequency of occurrence, were surgical complications,
      conditions preexisting in the patients, and problems with the instruments. Most
      of these failures were remedied by changing to other techniques. In two patients,
      the procedure was completed by changing the approach from laparoscopy to
      laparotomy. In five others, sterilization was not completed. Case-control
      analysis was performed and three risk factors were delineated: obesity, prior use
      of an intrauterine contraceptive device and previous abdominal operations.

PMID- 6448004
TI  - Patterns of vascular damage in the antibody-mediated rejection of skin xenografts
      in the mouse.
AB  - Established rat skin grafts carried by immunosuppressed mice were acutely
      destroyed by an intravenous administration of mouse antirat lymphocyte serum. The
      histologic pattern of destruction was dependent on the amount of antiserum
      administered. At low doses (0.01 ml) an Arthus-like reaction was seen with early
      accumulation of granulocytes. At high doses (0.25 ml) a Shwartzman-like pattern
      occurred, with early intravascular thrombosis and without evident participation
      of granulocytes in the initial phases. Groups of mice that received intermediate
      doses showed graft changes that were transitional between these two types of
      destruction. Similar histologic patterns have been described in clinical
      transplantation. Our results show that they are not fundamentally different and
      that the severity of the triggering reaction determines which of either type will
      occur.

PMID- 6448005
TI  - Allylamine cardiotoxicity: II. Histopathology and histochemistry.
AB  - The progression of cardiac lesions induced in the rat by allylamine
      administration (0.1% in drinking water) was studied histopathologically and
      histochemically. Early changes (4-8 days) consisted of piecemeal acute apical and
      subendocardial myocardial necrosis with morphologic features of coagulation
      necrosis and myocytolysis. These early lesions progressed and coalesced;
      resolution of the subendocardial necrosis was associated with remarkably
      proliferative fibroblastic tissus. Late lesions (21 days to 3 months) consisted
      of extensive dense fibrous tissue with adjacent continuing focal necrosis and
      organization. Although vascular alterations were not present during the early
      course of injury, after 21 days an exuberant proliferation of cells,
      predominantly within the intima of intramyocardial smaller arteries and not
      associated with total occlusion or thrombosis, became evident. Other late lesions
      included rare intraventricular mural thrombi and cartilagenous metaplasia of
      trabeculae carnae. Early histochemical alterations (3 days) included focal
      myocardial cell "calcification," demonstrated by the alizarin red S stain, and
      increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) staining in apical subendocardium and
      periarterial myocytes. As necrosis continued and fibrosis developed (7-21 days)
      MAO dramatically increased in pericicatricial and periarterial cells. Biochemical
      measurement of myocardial MAO showed an initial drop in activity, followed by a
      steady rise to high activity (21 days), especially toward a Type "B" MAO
      substrate. Although there are many similarities between allylamine-induced
      myocardial necrosis and ischemic or catecholamine-induced myocardial damage,
      other unusual findings-especially the early histochemical and chemical MAO
      alterations and the proliferative late vascular and cicatricial lesions-suggest
      that the primary pathophysiologic effect of allylamine, mediated through the MAO
      system, is on the medial smooth muscle of intramyocardial arteries.

PMID- 6448006
TI  - Communalities for rates of diaphyseal elongation of short bones of the hand of
      children with Down syndrome.
AB  - Communality indices for rates of elongation of diaphyses of short bones of the
      hand were computed from serial data for children with Down syndrome, 7 to 14
      years of age. Communalities were larger for adjacent than for nonadjacent bones
      and also larger for bones grouped in rows rather than rays of the hand. This
      pattern is similar to that reported for normal children. Communality indices for
      rates of diaphyseal elongation for girls with Down syndrome were lower than those
      of boys with Down syndrome and normal children.

PMID- 6448007
TI  - Use of modified Boston brace for back injuries in athletes.
AB  - The Boston Brace System was developed to attain functional realignment of the
      scoliotic spine. This system uses prefabricated thermoplastic pelvic modules
      which can be rapidly fitted to an individual patient. These modules are available
      in 20 sizes and designed with a forward flexion of 30 degrees on the anterior
      margin and 15 degrees on the posterior surface. The resultant antilordotic
      straightening of the lumbar spine is important in correcting the scoliotic spine
      and has been found to be therapeutically effective in managing a number of other
      conditions of the spine, including back injuries in the young athlete. A review
      of the results of treatment of 31 young athletes for back injuries over the past
      3 years with the brace, with an average followup of 15 months, reveals good or
      excellent results in 28 of the 31, or 90%. Best results were attained in
      spondylolysis. Therapy for discogenic back pain with the brace was effective in
      only 50%. Modifications of initial brace design included changing from a
      posterior opening to an anterior opening module and from polypropylene to
      polyethylene brace construction. Most patients have continued full athletic
      participation while in the brace.

PMID- 6448008
TI  - Competitive sports for the disabled.
AB  - A full life experience for people with and without physical disabilities usually
      includes some form of recreation or sport. Competition adds to enjoyment of sport
      for many people and can improve morale. This paper reviews some of the
      competitive opportunities available for people with a physical disability. These
      include competition within existing "able-bodied" organizations with or without
      adaptive devices and competition in separate organizations for those with
      disabilities. The latter include the National Wheelchair Basketball Association
      and the National Wheelchair Athletic Association.

PMID- 6448009
TI  - [Mixed maternal and neonatal lymphocyte culture in a normal and a complicated
      course of pregnancy].

PMID- 6448010
TI  - Sidney Bernard Finn, D.M.D., M.S. An appreciation.

PMID- 6448011
TI  - Application of brain stem response in brain-injured children.
AB  - The early components of the auditory evoked potential within 10 msec following an
      auditory stimulus are attributed to the brain stem auditory nuclei and pathways.
      In pediatric neurology the auditory brain stem response (ABR) can be applied to:
      1) differential diagnosis of hearing impairment in young children including
      objective threshold measurement of hearing, 2) electrophysiological evaluation of
      maturation of the auditory pathways, 3) diagnosis of the site and/or extent of
      neurlogical diseases affecting the brain stem and 4) observation of a
      degenerating process of degenerative diseases in the central nervous system. The
      paper is especially concerned with the application of ABR to severe neurological
      diseases in children including central auditory dysfunction, cerebral palsy,
      infantile spasm, adrenoleucodystrophy, anoxic brain damage and Down's syndrome.
      Value and limitation of ABR audiometry in the clinical practice were mentioned,
      and a special emphasis was placed on the fact that all types of auditory tests
      including behavioral, electrophysiological, and developmental tests are
      indispensable, because the ABR, like other indicators, also has its own
      limitation.

PMID- 6448012
TI  - [Histochemical investigation of acid mucopolysaccharides in corneal wound healing
      of lamellar corneal grafts].
AB  - Histochemical investigations were carried out in a series of toluidine blue
      preparations of pH 3.8-5.2 of unfixed frozen corneal sections of lamellar
      keratoplasties in rabbit eyes to show alterations in the pattern of acid
      mucopolysaccharides during wound healing. The metachromasia in lamellar auto- and
      homokeratoplasties is mainly reduced in the region of the vertical host-graft
      junction. When using virgin silk the zone of reduced metachromasia in the
      vertical junction is broader compared with a 9/0-Nylon suture. The metachromasia
      of the lamellar transplant becomes normal in autokeratoplasties (Table 1) after a
      fortnight and in homokeratoplasties after 3 weeks; otherwise the metachromasia
      during the wound healing shows no significant difference in auto- and
      homokeratoplasties. The normal pattern of mucopolysaccharides in the corneal
      stroma does not return in the vertical host-graft junction, but this scar becomes
      smaller over a period of time (Fig. 3, 4, 5). There are no significant
      alterations of metachromasia found in the horizontal host-graft junction during
      wound healing between 1 day and 6 months, but starting from the 7th day after the
      lamellar keratoplsty using PAS-stain a small more PAS-intensive coloured line in
      the horizontal host-graft junction which is still there 6 months after the
      operation (Fig. 1, 2). When the 9/0 Nylon suture remains for 3 months, corneal
      vascularisation develops predominantly in the horizontal junction between host
      and lamellar graft. The graft becomes cloudy and the metachromasia remains
      reduced as long as 9 months after the suture has been removed (Table 2).

PMID- 6448013
TI  - [Injury to retroperitoneal vessels; a serious complication of gynaecological
      laparoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - Injury to retroperitoneal blood vessels is a rare, but very serious hazard of
      gynaecological laparoscopy. The role of anaesthesia in the diagnostic and
      therapeutic management of this iatrogenic complication is discussed. A typical
      case is reported.

PMID- 6448014
TI  - DNA measurement by mithramycin fluorescence in chromatin solubilized by heparin.

PMID- 6448015
TI  - [Experience in using diadonium in anesthesiological practice].

PMID- 6448016
TI  - Immotile cilia syndrome in persons with and without Kartagener's syndrome.
AB  - We studied the ultrastructure and function of respiratory tract cilia in a group
      of patients with Kartagener's Syndrome, and compared the results with those from
      a group of subjects with unexplained histories of chronic bronchiectasis and
      bronchitis. Both patient groups lacked pulmonary and nasal mucociliary transport.
      On electron microscopic examination of nasal mucosal biopsy tissue, all patient
      specimens had abnormal cilia with a highly disorganized microtubular network, and
      a consistent absence of dynein arms. Cilia from both groups were immotile when
      viewed under direct phase contrast, but could be animated by the addition of 10(
      6) g/ml of ATP or ATPase to the same degree of spontaneous motility seen in
      normal cilia. Immotile cilia syndrome clearly includes not only patients with
      Kartagener's syndrome, but also some patients with chronic bronchitis and
      bronchiectasis.

PMID- 6448017
TI  - Effect of intermittent normoxia on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, right
      ventricular hypertrophy, and polycythemia in rats.
AB  - The effect of continuous and intermittent normoxia on chronic hypoxic pulmonary
      hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and polycythemia was studied in
      rats. After 4 wk in a hypobaric chamber (380 mmHg), the mean right ventricular
      blood pressure (Prv) was 29.2 +/- 1.8 (SEM) mmHg (n = 10) compared with 11.1 +/-
      1.1 mmHg in 10 untreated control animals. After recovery in room air (24 h/day)
      for 6 wk, the Prv was significantly reduced to 21.2 +/- 3.5 mmHg (n = 6).
      Recovery using intermittent normoxia (8 and 16 h/day) for 6 wk did not reduce
      Prv. In 10 control rats, the ratio of right to left ventricular weight (RV/(LV +
      S) was 28.8 +/- 1.1%. After 4 wk of chronic hypoxia the RV/(LV + S) was 48.5 +/-
      2.4% (n = 10). Recovery using complete normoxia for 6 wk significantly reduced
      the RV/(LV + S) to 32.8 +/- 1.9% (n = 6). Intermittent normoxia (8 and 16 h/day)
      did not reduce RV/(LV + S). Chronic hypoxia (380 mmHg) for 4 wk elevated the
      hematocrit from 35 to 66%. The polycythemia was reversed by recovery using
      continuous normoxia for 6 wk. Intermittent normoxia (8 and 16 h/day) was
      ineffective.

PMID- 6448018
TI  - Role of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in cell recognition and neoplastic
      transformation.

PMID- 6448019
TI  - Cyclophosphamide induction of splenic suppressor cells in hamsters.
AB  - Injection of hamsters with a single sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide induced
      splenic atrophy followed by considerable hypertrophy. During the splenomegaly
      phase, the in vitro reactivity of spleen cells to concanavalin A (ConA) or
      protein A (ProtA) was decreased. The spleens of 6-8-month old animals contained
      cells able to suppress the in vitro reactivity of normal lymphocytes to ConA or
      ProtA. These cells were absent in 2-month old animals, and some suppressor
      activity could be shown in 3-month old hamsters. Suppressor activity was
      abolished by removal of adherent cells and by silica treatment, but antisera
      against thymocytes or IgG were ineffective.

PMID- 6448020
TI  - Clinical trial of piperacillin with acquisition of resistance by Pseudomonas and
      clinical relapse.
AB  - A total of 20 serious infections were treated with piperacillin. These infections
      included bacteremias (5), pneumonias (5), urinary tract infections (5), soft
      tissue infections (3), septic arthritis (1), and osteomyelitis (1). The most
      common bacterial pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for eight
      infections. The clinical and bacteriological response rates were 75 and 70%,
      respectively. Four of the five patients who failed to respond to piperacillin
      therapy were infected with Pseudomonas. In two patients with Pseudomonas
      infections clinical relapse was accompanied by the development of piperacillin
      resistant P. aeruginosa. The findings suggest that the use of piperacillin as a
      single agent for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections may be ill
      advised, especially if P. aeruginosa is the offending pathogen.

PMID- 6448021
TI  - Affinity of cefoperazone for penicillin-binding proteins.
AB  - Cefoperazone (T-1551, CFP) a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, has a broad
      spectrum of antibacterial activity. We investigated the affinity of CFP to
      penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
      by CFP. CFP had high affinities for Escherichia coli PBP-3, -1Bs, -2, and -1A, in
      descending order, and low affinities for PBP-4, -5, and -6. Similarly, CFP showed
      high affinity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBP-3, -1A, -1B, -2, and -4, in
      descending order. It is known that E. coli PBP-3 and P. aeruginosa PBP-3
      participate in cell division. These results are in good agreement with the
      formation of filamentous cells of E. coli and P. aeruginosa treated with CFP. CFP
      had lower inhibitory activities on D-alanine carboxypeptidase IA and IB of E.
      coli than that of penicillin G, but its inhibitory activities on the cross-link
      formation in peptidoglycan synthesis were the same as those of penicillin G and
      higher than those of ampicillin.

PMID- 6448022
TI  - Antibacterial effect of scandium and indium complexes of enterochelin on
      Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - A number of studies point to the conclusion that enterochelin, the iron chelator
      produced by a number of pathogenic enterobacteria, may be an essential metabolite
      for bacterial multiplication within the host. The compound removes iron from
      complexes with the host iron-binding proteins transferrin and lactoferrin, and
      the resulting ferric enterochelin is assimilated by the bacterial cell. It was
      reasoned that complexes of enterochelin with ions other than Fe3+ might act as
      antimetabolites and inhibit bacterial multiplication by interfering with the
      assimilation of ferric enterochelin. Enterochelin forms complexes with a number
      of group III and transition metal ions. The complex containing scandium exerts a
      bacteriostatic effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae in serum, whereas the indium
      complex induces a large increase in the generation time. The Fe3+ complexes of
      other microbial iron-transporting compounds are capable of reversing the
      bacteriostatic effect of the Sc3+ complex of enterochelin, suggesting that the
      compound acts solely by interfering with the enterochelin system of iron
      transport. Preliminary experiments show that the Sc3+ complex probably acts as a
      competitive inhibitor of ferric enterochelin. The Sc3+ complex of enterochelin
      exerts a therapeutic effect on intraperitoneal K. pneumoniae infections in mice
      similar to that obtained with kanamycin sulfate.

PMID- 6448023
TI  - Biliary elimination of mezlocillin: an experimental and clinical study.
AB  - The biliary elimination of mezlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin of the
      acyl-ureido-penicillin group, was investigated in vitro in rabbit liver
      preparations and in vivo in humans. Experimentally, mezlocillin recovery in the
      bile during perfusion of isolted rabbit liver (3 h; n = 5) averaged 20.3% of the
      administrered dose (10 mg). The mean peak concentration in the bile (758 +/-
      129.3 micrograms/ml) was reached between 0.5 and 1 h. Biliary clearance was 169
      ml/h. In healthy subjects (n = 5), the concentrations of antibiotic measured in
      the duodenal fluid during a period of 4 h after intravenous administration of 5 g
      of mezlocillin ranged between 440 and 637 micrograms/ml. In 10 cholecystectomized
      patients provided with a T-tube, intramuscular injection of 1 g of mezlocillin
      resulted in a biliary peak concentration of 295.7 +/- 58.1 micrograms/ml. Mean
      total amount of antibiotic eliminated in the bile over 12 h corresponded to 2.6%
      of the administered dose. Assays performed during surgery after intravenous
      administration of 2 g of mezlocillin (n = 10) showed antibiotic activity of 895
      +/- 196 micrograms/ml in the common duct bile and 402 +/- 133 micrograms/ml in
      the gallbladder bile. These data were compared with the values determined for 11
      other beta-lactamines studied under identical conditions.

PMID- 6448024
TI  - Effects of impaired renal function, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis on the
      pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin were examined in 8 patients with normal renal
      function (inulin clearance, > 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 32 patients with moderately
      reduced renal function (inulin clearances, 80 to 5 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and 12
      patients maintained by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis because of severely
      impaired renal function. A single dose of 60 mg of mezlocillin per kg of body
      weight was infused intravenously over 30 min. Antibiotic concentrations in
      plasma, urine, and dialysate were determined by the agar diffusion technique. The
      half-life of mezlocillin increased with decreasing renal function from an average
      of 53 min in subjects with normal function to 165 min in oligoanuric patients.
      The urinary recovery of this drug in 24 h decreased from 65% at a glomerular
      filtration rate of 92 ml/min to 7.6% at a glomerular filtration rate of 6.7
      ml/min. Volume of distribution was not changed by the renal insufficiency,
      amounting on the average to 22.5% of body weight. Intermittent hemodialysis or
      peritoneal dialysis contributed to only a minor degree to the 24-h mezlocillin
      kinetics. The pharmacokinetic properties of mezlocillin permit a normal dosage
      over wide ranges of renal insufficiency; however, when the glomerular filtration
      rate is below 10 ml/min, the dosage interval should be increased from 8 to 12 h.

PMID- 6448025
TI  - Topical clindamycin treatment of acne. Clinical, surface lipid composition, and
      quantitative surface microbiology response.
AB  - A double-blind study has been conducted to examine the effect of topical 1%
      clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate in a hydroalcoholic vehicle as compared to the
      effect of the vehicle alone. Fourteen patients applied clindamycin or vehicle
      alone twice daily for eight weeks. Free fatty acid surface lipid percentages,
      quantitative bacterial counts, and clinical response were assessed every two
      weeks. A significant reduction (88%) in the percentage of free fatty acids in the
      surface lipids was seen in the clindamycin-treated group and not in the vehicle
      treated group. There was no significant change in the surface microflora. Despite
      the short duration of treatment, objective clinical improvement was seen in three
      of nine treated patients, while none was observed in the placebo-treated
      patients.

PMID- 6448026
TI  - Effects of skin extract on sebaceous gland function in the rat.
AB  - The subcutaneous injection of a rat skin extract inhibits sebum excretion. The
      mitotic rate in the sebaceous glands is reduced. Therefore, a chalone of the
      sebaceous gland seems to exist. The regulation of sebum excretion is discussed.

PMID- 6448027
TI  - Development of a nonthrombogenic collagenous blood-prosthetic interface.
AB  - Investigations to develop an implantable assist pump for prolonged circulatory
      support have been impeded by accumulation of friable thrombus on the prosthetic
      interface, with subsequent embolization. To circumvent this problem, the
      textured, fibril surface of a polyurethane pump chamber (mat thickness 430
      microns) was inoculated with cultured bovine fetal fibroblasts (labelled with
      thymidine-14C) prior to animal implantation. The pneumatically actuated device
      (stroke volume 75 ml), maintained a pulsatile blood flow throughout each study.
      In 20 calf experiments, extending up to 335 days, 30 X 10(6) fibroblasts (in 50
      ml media) derived from a single Holstein fetus were distributed on the urethane
      surface (360 +/- 50 cells/mm2) by rotation of a sealed device for three hours (12
      revolutions/hour). Following connection to the circulation, cell washout was
      minimal. Resultant biologic linings, examined after animal sacrifice, were
      densely adherent to the underlying polymer matrix, and varied in thickness from
      250 micron-1.5 mm. Microscopically, fibroblasts were identified from the surface
      to base, accompanied by numerous collagen bundles and abundant ground substance.
      Amino acid analysis in 10/20 pumps implanted for 31--335 days, revealed 50 +/- 5
      Hydroxyproline residues/1000 residues (50% collagen) and scant elastin. Donor
      fibroblasts were identified by radioautography and karyotyping. Lack of
      immunologic response in 12 Hereford pump recipients as confirmed by serial
      fibroblast cytotoxicity assays. In conclusion, an induced collagenous-blood
      interface permitted prolonged mechanical circulatory support in animals without
      thromboembolic complications.

PMID- 6448028
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot associated with complete atrioventricular canal.
AB  - A 6-year-old girl had the clinical appearance of tetralogy of Fallot but was
      found at cardiac catheterization to have tetralogy of Fallot associated with
      complete atrioventricular canal. She underwent repair, and at recatherterization
      two years later, the hemodynamic result was excellent. Proper angiography is
      necessary to diagnose this combination, and correct preoperative diagnosis is
      necessary to plan a rational operative approach.

PMID- 6448029
TI  - Reduction of voluntary morphine consumption following treatment with zimelidine.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were presented with an everyday free choice between water and a
      morphine-sucrose solution. Following a 5-day baseline period animals were
      injected with either zimelidine (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.), a neuronal serotonin
      uptake inhibitor, or Ringer's solution (2 ml/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days.
      Treatment with zimelidine was shown to significantly attenuate morphine drinking
      suggesting that an increased availability of serotonin may interfere with the
      positive reinforcing properties of morphine. The results are also discussed in
      terms of a possible interaction with brain norepinephrine. The possibility that
      the reinforcing effects of both morphine and ethanol are subserved by common
      mechanisms is suggested.

PMID- 6448030
TI  - Low back pain of thoracolumbar origin.
AB  - Low back pain arising from the apophyseal joints of the thoracolumbar region is
      common and is often erroneously attributed to pathologic changes in the low back.
      The diagnosis is made on pure clinical grounds. Classic signs are: a positive
      "iliac-crest point" test, a positive skin-rolling test, localized tenderness over
      a certain spinous process at the thoracolumbar junction and tenderness over the
      involved apophyseal joint. The diagnosis is confirmed by a periapophyseal joint
      block using a local anesthetic. Of 350 patients seen in a back pain clinic, 40%
      were found to have pain of thoracolumbar origin. Treatment included manipulation,
      infiltration with corticosteroids, electrocoagulation and/or surgical denervation
      of the involved apophyseal joint.

PMID- 6448031
TI  - Ogilvie's method applied to infected wound disruption.
AB  - Nylon mesh was used without closing the skin in 26 patients in whom it was not
      possible to close the infected abdominal wall without undue tension. A total of
      73 meshes were implanted. Major complications consisted of three wound
      disruptions in two patients and formation of a sinus tract necessitating excision
      of the mesh in one patient. Definitive closure generally consisted of skin
      grafting on the granulation tissue growing through the mesh. Mortality was high,
      due to underlying diseases. In three of 13 survivors, an incisional hernia
      developed.

PMID- 6448032
TI  - [Effect of an erythrocytic chalone on the postsynthetic period of the
      erythroblastic mitotic cell cycle in mouse bone marrow].
AB  - The effect of the erythrocytic chalone on the beginning, middle and end of the G2
      period of the mitotic cycle has been studied in the erythroblastic cells of the
      mouse bone marrow. The end of S(-) and the beginning of G2(-) periods have been
      demonstrated to be the most sensitive to the effect in question. The erythrocytic
      chalone inhibits mitotic activity by decreasing the amount of prophases and
      inhibits incorporation of radioactive glycine into the dividing erythroblastic
      cells. The mechanism inhibiting their mitotic activity is discussed.

PMID- 6448033
TI  - [Work of the anatomy departments of RSFSR medical colleges in forming the future
      physician].

PMID- 6448034
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of tuberculosis].
AB  - Based on the analysis of changes considered from the point of view of 4 aspects
      (epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinico-anatomical manifestations, outcomes, of the
      disease), the current features of pathomorphosis of tuberculosis are described.
      It is noted that the present favourable epidemiological situation with regard to
      tuberculosis does not permit any weakening of measures for control of this
      disease. In economically developed countries, therapeutic pathomorphosis of
      tuberculosis is prevalent. In the qualitative spectrum of pathomorphosis of
      tuberculosis as a disease of the whole organism, particular attention should be
      paid to residual alterations after clinical cure of tuberculosis, late results of
      tuberculosis therapy, and complications of various medical interventions,
      particularly inadequate therapy with the development of immunodeficient
      condition.

PMID- 6448035
TI  - [Disease of dense basement membranes].
AB  - In the disease of dense basal membranes, typical membrane lesions of the immune
      complex origin were found both in the kidneys and the spleen. On this basis the
      disease of dense basal membranes is considered to be a distinct entity of
      systemic nature.

PMID- 6448036
TI  - [Interdistrict centralization of a pathologicoanatomic service in rural public
      health].
AB  - An inter-district division and inter-district center of pathological anatomy
      service combining 6 districts of Leningrad region have been organized on the
      basis of the centralized pathology department of Volkhov central district
      hospital. The paper describes the principles of organization of the work,
      arrangement and maintenance of the documentation, scientific organization of the
      work, rationalization, training of specialists, and the organizational and
      methodical role of the pathology unit in the work of therapeutic institutions.

PMID- 6448037
TI  - [Sepsis in children according to Perm autopsy data].
AB  - An analysis of pediatric autopsy material for 15 years (1963--1978) revealed an
      increase in the percentage of sepsis in the general structure of child mortality
      from 10.0% to 23.3%. The primary focus is most frequently localized in the cord
      arteries. In infants of the first 3 months of age septicemia, frequently
      accompanied by ulcerative enterocolitis is more prevalent. Many infants have
      unfavourable backgrounds such as fetopathy, congenital malformations, birth
      traumas. Sepsis should be differentiated from congenital cytomegaly,
      adrenogenital syndrome, mucoviscidosis, intestinal infections with long duration,
      and sepsis with the hemolytic syndrom from hemolytic disease of neonates.

PMID- 6448038
TI  - Screening of antiserotoninergic drugs with the genetically dystrophic chicken.
AB  - Line 413 early-onset, genetically homozygous dystrophic chickens were given twice
      daily intraperitoneal injections of the antiserotoninergic drugs p
      chlorophenylalanine hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, ergonovine maleate,
      nortriptyline hydrochloride, methiothepin maleate, and methysergide bimaleate in
      combination with penicillamine. Except in one case, treatment with drugs
      significantly prolonged the righting ability of the treated dystrophic chickens,
      as measured by a periodic standardized flip-test procedure. Abnormally high
      levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and SGOT were
      found in the untreated dystrophic chickens. However, of the drug-treated
      dystrophic chickens, in some cases the plasma enzyme activities were reduced
      whereas in others they were enhanced. In agreement with previous findings, the
      blood serotonin levels of the dystrophic chickens were found at all age groups to
      be significantly higher than those in the corresponding normal chickens. This
      phenomenon may in part account for the improvement in righting ability
      demonstrated in the dystrophic chickens receiving treatment with
      antiserotoninergic drugs.

PMID- 6448039
TI  - Hearing loss among miners claiming compensation.
AB  - Otological and audiological evaluations were performed on 278 miners claiming
      compensation for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Of the total sample, 28.7%
      had to be excluded as cases of nonmining NIHL. Of the cases of diagnosed as NIHL,
      approximately 50% showed an actual hearing impairment as based on a low fence of
      25 dB for the average hearing levels at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz, and 63% as based on
      the average hearing levels at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz for exposures of 15 to 49
      years. No significant difference in NIHL was apparent except at 2 kHz between
      subjects exposed to intermittent vs intermittent-continuous noise. It was
      difficult to differentiate NIHL from sensorineural losses of other causes and
      impossible to apply an adequate correction factor for presbycusis.

PMID- 6448040
TI  - The nurse's role in the rehabilitation team.

PMID- 6448041
TI  - Outpatient laparoscopic sterilisation: Comparison between electrocautery and clip
      application.
AB  - In a personal prospective series of 504 day-case laparoscopic sterilisations in
      1977-78, unipolar tubal electrocoagulation was compared with spring-loaded clip
      application. Two patients who had cautery required laparotomy because of serious
      bleeding and one because of accidental bowel diathermy. Clip application was free
      from serious complications, but caused more post-operative pain. The majority of
      patients were performing normal or light household duties within 24 hours of
      sterilisation.

PMID- 6448042
TI  - Parachlorophenylalanine and atropine influences on theta activity in the young
      rat.

PMID- 6448043
TI  - The shift of an increase in phosphofructokinase activity from protein synthesis
      dependent to -independent mode during concanavalin A induced lymphocyte
      proliferation.

PMID- 6448044
TI  - Increased myocardial pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in isoproterenol-induced
      cardiac hypertrophy in rats.

PMID- 6448045
TI  - Nicotinamide stimulates repair of DNA damage in human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6448046
TI  - Phosphatidate releases calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6448047
TI  - 3'-Arylazido-8-azido ATP--a cross-linking photoaffinity label for ATP binding
      proteins.

PMID- 6448048
TI  - L-Glutamate toxicity in Huntington's disease fibroblasts.

PMID- 6448049
TI  - The effect of nicotinamide on unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes.

PMID- 6448050
TI  - Interaction of synthetic NH2-terminal fragments of bacteriophage lambda cro
      protein with nucleic acids.

PMID- 6448051
TI  - Conversion of the Ca2+-ATPase from rhodospirillum rubrum into a Mg2+-dependent
      enzyme by 1,N6-etheno ATP.

PMID- 6448052
TI  - Decrease in phosphofructokinase activity during blood preservation and the effect
      of intracellular ATP.

PMID- 6448053
TI  - Neocarzinostatin: chemical characterization and partial structure of the non
      protein chromophore.

PMID- 6448054
TI  - Binding studies of L-usnic acid to D-fructose-6-P aminotransferase.

PMID- 6448055
TI  - Vanadate ion inhibits actomyosin interaction in chemically skinned vascular
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 6448056
TI  - A proposed mechanism of action of cytochalasin D on muscle actin.

PMID- 6448057
TI  - Bicarbonate stimulation of the Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase of Torpedo electric organ
      synaptic vesicles.

PMID- 6448058
TI  - Increased chloride transport in erythrocytes in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6448059
TI  - [Nucleic acid and protein synthesis of splenic lymphocytes of the rat under the
      influence of mucopolysaccharide-polysulfuric acid-esters (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of three mucopolysaccharide-polysulfuric acid-esters (MPS) of
      different molecular weight on DNAase II-activity as well as on nucleic acid and
      protein synthesis of lymphocytes of rat spleen has been investigated in vitro.
      The results are summarized as follows: 1. DNAase II-activity (bovine spleen) was
      inhibited by MPS in a competitive manner. 2. At concentrations of greater than or
      equal to 10 microgram/ml MPS decreased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 14C
      uridine into the nucleic acids of the cell suspension. 3. Incorporation of 3H
      amino-acids into the lymphocytes protein was enhanced when MPS were added at
      concentrations of > 1 and > 10 microgram/ml, resp. At lower concentrations of the
      polyanions, a slight inhibition of protein synthesis was shown. 4. In the
      presence of MPS, incorporation of the radioactively labelled presursors into the
      acid-soluble fraction of the cells was enhanced. 5. The MPS-effects described
      increased with the molecular weight of the polyanions. It is suggested that
      polyanions like MPS may interfere rather non-specifically with cell membranes and
      with nucleic acid-polymerases.

PMID- 6448060
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on intraocular pressure, ascorbic acid and sialic acid
      concentrations in aqueous humour and on mucopolysaccharides biosynthesis in the
      cornea of rabbits.
AB  - The effect of daily oral administration of corticosteroids on ocular dynamics and
      biosynthesis of corneal mucopolysaccharides was investigated using rabbits as
      experimental animals. Fluocortolone treatment at doses of 0.05 to 10 mg/kg
      resulted in a dose-dependent rise of intraocular pressure (IOP). At higher dose
      levels of 5 and 10 mg fluocortolonel kg daily over 14 days, an inhibition of 35S
      incorporation and a reduction in the nexosamine content of the corneal
      mucopolysaccharides was observed. When the effects of prednisolone, fluocortolone
      and dexamethasone on IOP were compared the relative order of the potency for the
      corticosteroids was as follows: dexamethasone > fluocortolone > prednisolone. The
      influence of different doses of fluocortolone on ascorbic and sialic acid content
      in aqueous humour and plasma was also studied. Levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg caused a
      significant reduction of ascorbic acid and a slight increase in sialic acid
      content in aqueous humor besides an elevation of IOP, whereas the plasma levels
      of both components did not reveal any difference from control group. These
      findings suggest that the blood-aqueous barrier becomes more permeable under the
      treatment with corticosteroids, especially in doses which are known to be toxic
      in animals. Further, the rabbit can be used as an experimental animal for
      comparing the effets of different corticosteroids on IOP.

PMID- 6448061
TI  - [Disasters and public health].

PMID- 6448062
TI  - [Prevalence of hypertrophic and keloid scars according to the site of
      administration of intradermal BCG vaccine].

PMID- 6448063
TI  - [Extension of health services coverage in Puno, Peru].

PMID- 6448064
TI  - [Be careful with high blood pressure! A warning to physicians also].

PMID- 6448065
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of antipoliomyelitis vaccines prepared with live
      and killed viruses].

PMID- 6448066
TI  - Role of water, hydrogen ion, and temperature on the synthesis of adenosine
      triphosphate by the sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase in the
      absence of a calcium ion gradient.

PMID- 6448067
TI  - Classification of nucleotide binding sites on mitochondrial F1-ATPase from yeast.
AB  - Methods are described to classify nucleotide binding sites of the mitochondrial
      coupling factor F1 from yeast on the basis of their affinities and stability
      properties. High affinity sites or states for ATP and related adenine analogs and
      low affinity sites or states which bind a broad range of different nucleotide
      triphosphates are found. The results are discussed in terms of a two site, two
      cycle scheme, where binding of nucleotide at one site facilitates the release of
      nucleotide at a second site.

PMID- 6448068
TI  - The interaction of mitochondrial F1-ATPase with the natural ATPase inhibitor
      protein.
AB  - The interaction of soluble mitochondrial ATPase from beef heart with the natural
      ATPase inhibitor was studied. It was found that the phosphorylation of small
      amounts of ADP by phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase, and an ensuing
      catalytic cycle supports the binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme. The
      association of the inhibitor with F1-ATPase does not increase the content of ATP
      in the F1-ATPase-inhibitor complex. The inhibitor of catalytic activity
      bathophenanthroline-Fe2+ chelate prevents the interaction, while the association
      of the inhibitor with F1-ATPase is delayed if the reaction is carried out in
      2H2O. The date indicate that a transient state involved in the catalytic cycle is
      the form of the enzyme that interacts with the inhibitor. The proton-motive force
      induced dissociation of the inhibitor from particulate ATPase is prevented by
      bathophenanthroline-Fe2+ chelate and nitrobenzofurazan chloride, which indicates
      that a functional catalytic (beta) subunit is required for the proton-motive
      force-induced release of the inhibitor. The data suggest a direct involvement of
      catalytic (beta) subunit in the mechanism by which the F1-ATPase senses the
      proton-motive force.

PMID- 6448069
TI  - Control of activity states of heart mitochondrial ATPase. Role of the proton
      motive force and Ca2+.
AB  - The ATPase complex of submitochondrial particles exhibits activity transitions
      that are controlled by the natural ATPase inhibitor (Gomez-Puyou, A., Tuena de
      Gomez-Puyou, M. and Ernster, L. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 547, 252-257). The
      ATPase of intact heart mitochondria also shows reversible activity transitions;
      the activation reaction is induced by the establishment of electrochemical
      gradients, whilst the inactivation reaction is driven by collapse of the
      gradient. In addition it has been observed that the influx of Ca2+ into the
      mitochondria induces a rapid inactivation of the ATPase; this could be due to the
      transient collapse of the membrane potential in addition to a favorable effect of
      Ca2+-ATP on the association of the ATPase inhibitor peptide to F1-ATPase. This
      action of Ca2+ may explain why mitochondria utilize respiratory energy for the
      transport of Ca2+ in preference to phosphorylation. It is concluded that the
      mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor protein may exert a fundamental regulatory
      function in the utilization of electrochemical gradients.

PMID- 6448070
TI  - Studies on the structure and conformation of yeast mitochondrial ATPase using
      aurovertin and methanol as probes.
AB  - 1. The isolation of the mitochondrial ATPase F1 and its beta-subunit from
      commercial baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is described. 2. The
      molecular weight determined by ultracentrifugation is 340000 +/- 30000. Gel
      chromatography indicates a molecular weight of 300000 +/- 20000. 3. Fluorimetric
      titration of the isolated enzyme with aurovertin reveals two binding sites per
      molecule. The isolated beta-subunit binds aurovertin in a 1 : 1 stoicheiometry.
      It is concluded that the ATPase molecule contains two aurovertin-binding beta
      subunits. 4. The stabilizing agent methanol influences both the measured Kd and
      the concentration of binding sites for aurovertin. These results fit a model in
      which both F1 and aurovertin are distributed between aqueous and methanol phases.
      5. The effect of methanol on the ATPase activity can be described in terms of the
      model proposed by Recktenwald and Hess (Recktenwald, D. and Hess, B. (1977) FEBS
      Lett. 76, 25-28). It is proposed that methanol enhances the affinity of the
      regulatory site for ATP, but at higher concentrations prevents the interaction
      between the regulatory and catalytic sites. 6. Since HSO(-3), a typical effector
      of the assumed regulatory site of F1, has no effect on the binding of aurovertin,
      it is concluded that the binding site of aurovertin is not correlated with the
      regulatory site. 7. The inhibition of ATPase activity by aurovertin is slowly (t
      1/2 = 70 s) induced during turnover conditions. 8. From the effect of methanol on
      the inhibition of ATPase activity by aurovertin it is concluded that under
      turnover conditions the conformation is such that the aurovertin-binding sites
      have a 6-fold higher affinity for methanol than under resting conditions.

PMID- 6448071
TI  - Interaction of the sugar carrier of intestinal brush-border membranes with HgCl2.
AB  - HgCl2 was used as an inhibitor and potential label for the glucose carrier of
      intestinal brush-border membranes. Half-maximal inhibition of Na+-dependent D
      glucose uptake was reached with micromolar concentrations of HgCl2 when the
      protein concentration was 1.2 mg/ml. Similar concentrations were found to inhibit
      the binding of [3H]phlorizin, a reversible competitive inhibitor of sugar
      transport. Inhibition was reversed by dithioerythritol but only marginally by
      EDTA. The data support the involvement of a sulfhydryl group in the inhibitory
      process. Deoxycholate-extracted membranes, which are enriched in specific
      phlorizin binding activity, were used for labeling studies using 203HgCl2. The
      polypeptides were separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed by protein
      staining and autoradiography. Non-specific 203HgCl2 labeling was minimized by pre
      treatment with sulfhydryl reagents which do not inhibit phlorizin binding.
      Several bands, which are lost from the autoradiographic pattern during a negative
      purification of the phlorizin binding sites, could be ruled out as essential
      components of the sugar carrier. The polypeptide profile was also analyzed
      following proteolysis, which abolished phlorizin binding. Those radioactive bands
      of which apparent Mr values were alterd by the treatment were considered as
      possible candidates. Finally, samples in which inhibition was reversed by thiols
      were also studied. The possible identity of the polypeptide(s) involved in
      glucose translocation is disussed in the light of these observations.

PMID- 6448072
TI  - Kinetics of a nucleotide pyrophosphatase in the plasma membrane of the fat cell.
AB  - Fat cells from rat and rabbit hydrolyzed externally applied adenosine
      triphosphate at a rate of about 1.8 nmol times mg(-1) cells times min(-1)
      corresponding to about 0.3 mumol times mg(-1) protein tinus min(-1). Similar
      activities were found in cell homogenates. In purified adipocyte plasma membranes
      the rate of hydrolysis was about 1.8 mumol times mg(-1) protein times min(-1).
      The hydrolytic activity was dependent on divalent metal ions. Mg(2+), Mn(2+) and
      Ca(2+) gave highest activities. The activity was maximal at about equimolar
      concentrations of M(2+) and ATP. Km for MgATP was about 0.23 mM and for CaATP
      about 0.36 mM. Combinations of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+), or of Mg(2+), Na(+) and K(+)
      gave similar activities as did Mg(2+) only. At concentrations of 1 mM the
      following nucleotides were hydrolyzed with a decreasing rate: ATP > ITP > GTP >
      UTP = CTP. In isolated fat cells the beta-adrenergic drug isoproterenol and
      insulin slightly increased the rate of hydrolysis of external ATP, while the
      alpha-effector clonidine was inhibitory. The results suggest that a major portion
      of the ATP hydrolytic activity of the fat cell plasma membrane represents a
      nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity with access to externally applied ATP.

PMID- 6448073
TI  - Interaction of chemical probes with sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.
AB  - The labelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes by the chemical probes,
      trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) and fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) has been
      investigated. The incorporation of TNBS, but not of FDNB, depends on the binding
      of Ca2+ or Mg2+ to the membranes. The labelling of lipids and of the various
      reticulum proteins by TNBS is increased by those agents, but the effect is not
      uniform for all membrane proteins. The Ca2+ -ATPase contributes only 2.2% for the
      total labelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, whereas the proteins of
      molecular weight 90 000 and 30 000 contribute about 34 and 56%, respectively.
      However, the Ca2+-ATPase isolated from the membrane reacts with an amount of TNBS
      5-fold higher than that which reacts with the enzyme in situ. Both probes, TNBS
      and FDNB, inhibit the Ca2+-ATPase activity and the Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, whereas the Mg2+-ATPase remains unaffected. The results indicate that
      FDNB is maximally incorporated into the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, whereas
      only some of the membrane amino groups are accessible to TNBS in the absence of
      Ca2+, Mg2+ or ATP which, when present, make additional amino groups available to
      TNBS. The highest degree of TNBS incorporation takes place into proteins, other
      than the ATPase, but sufficient reaction occurs with the enzyme to inhibit its
      activity.

PMID- 6448074
TI  - Further characterization of light and heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
      Identification of the 'sarcoplasmic reticulum feet' associated with heavy
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

PMID- 6448075
TI  - Neutral hydrolases of rat brain. Preliminary characterization and developmental
      changes of neutral beta-N-acetylhexosamindases.
AB  - The bulk of rat brain neutral beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases (2-acetamido-2-deoxy
      beta-D-hexoside acetamidodeoxyhexohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.52) were present in the
      cytosol fraction. They were not bound by concanavalin A-Sepharose while the acid
      beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases were all bound. The neutral beta-N
      acetylgalactosaminidase had a pH optimum of 5.2 and Km of 0.57 mM, while the
      neutral beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase had the highest reaction rate at lost more
      than 90% of the activity in 30 min at 50 degrees C. The galactosaminidase pH 6.0
      with a Km of 0.12 mM. No divalent ions activated either of the enzymes. The
      galactosaminidase was heat-stable and lost only 10--20% of its activity after 3 h
      at 50 degrees C. The neutral glucosaminidase was inhibited by free N
      acetylglucosamine but not by N-acetylgalactosamine. The reverse was found for the
      neutral beta-galactosaminidase. Two enzymes were separated almost completely by
      hydroxyapatite chromatography. Heat stability of the separated activity peaks
      suggested that the neutral beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, which was not bound to
      hydroxyapatite, may be specific to the galactosaminide substrate. The neutral
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase may, on the other hand, have some activity toward
      the galactosaminide substrate. Both of the neutral enzyme activities were highest
      during the first postnatal week in rat brain in contrast to the acidic enzyme
      which showed peak activities during the second and third weeks. These results
      confirmed and expanded earlier observations by Frohwein and Gatt in calf brain.
      The relationship of these enzymes to the hexosaminidase C in human tissues is
      less certain at the present time.

PMID- 6448076
TI  - Murein transglycosylase from phage lambda lysate. Purification and properties.
AB  - Lysates of induced E. coli (lambda) lysogens contain two enzymes acting on
      murein: endopeptidase and murein transglycosylase. The transglycosylase was
      separated from the endopeptidase and purified to homogeneity. Its bacteriolytic
      activity was 200-fold higher than of hen egg lysozyme. The bacteriolytic activity
      of the lysate depends on the presence of the enzyme. The endopeptidase alone not
      lyse the cells, but it enhances the extent of lysis. The properties of the
      transglycosylase (molecular weight 17 500, pH optimum at 6.6, inactivation by
      Zn2+), show that it is entirely different from the bacterial enzyme of the same
      specificity described by others. Data are presented, which suggest that this
      enzyme is the phage lambda R-gene product.

PMID- 6448077
TI  - Crosslinking of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase protein with 1,5-difluoro 2,4
      dinitrobenzene.
AB  - The reacton of 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with the ATPase protein of rabbit
      skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum caused a marked loss of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase
      (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) activity during an interval when 2 mol of the
      crosslinking reagent were incorporated/10(5) g of protein. The modified ATPase
      protein formed non-serial high molecular weight aggregates or oligomers during
      short (1--5 min) or long exposure (60 min) to the reagent at 25 degrees C or 4
      degrees C. The same pattern was found when sarvoplasmic reticulum was treated
      similarly; only the ATPase protein formed oligomers (homopolymers). In all cases
      the ATPase protein monomer remained the predominant species present. During the
      appearance of the high molecular weight oligomers the Ca2+-ATPase activity was
      unaffected but Ca2+ uptake was inhibited. Major changes in the ATPase activity
      occurred when the monomeric ATPase protein was modified. Disubstituted
      dinitrophenylene derivatives of cysteine and tyrosine were found in modified
      ATPase protein and only a small amount of monosubstituted dinitrophenyl groups
      were identified. Thiolysis of the modified ATPase protein with 2-mercaptoethanol
      removed approx. 35% of the incorporated groups, but there was no restoration of
      the Ca2+-ATPase activity. Substrate MgATP2- protected the Ca2+-ATPase activity of
      the ATPase protein and sarcoplasmic reticulum but Ca2+ had no effect on the
      modificaton. Different conformational states of the ATPase protein could be
      ascertained from a comparison of the effects of Ca2+ and MgATP2- on the
      bifunctional reagent dinitrophenylation of the ATPOase protein with that of the
      monofunctional reagent 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Bailin, G. (1980) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 623, 213-224). Intramolecular crosslinking of the ATPase protein
      predominated and oligomers which formed during the reaction were not essential
      for the maintenance of the ATPase activity.

PMID- 6448078
TI  - Cooperative action of beta-glucan synthetase and UDP-xylose xylosyl transferase
      of Golgi membranes in the synthesis of xyloglucan-like polysaccharide.
AB  - Golgi membranes of pea seedling tissue contain a UDP xylose:polysaccharide
      xylosyl transferase, the action of which is stimulated by UDP glucose. In the
      presence of both nucleotide-sugars a heteropolysaccharide containing both xylose
      and glucose (xyloglucan) is produced. Transfer of xylose and glucose units is
      presumed to be due to separate enzymes, because their properties differ in a
      number of respects. Xylosyl units appear to be transferred to a glucan core
      polysaccharide that is produced from UDP glucose by beta-1,4-glucan synthetase.
      This, rather than cellulose biosynthesis, is inferred to be the in vivo role of
      Golgi membrane beta-1,4-glucan synthetase.

PMID- 6448079
TI  - Effect of C-protein on actomyosin ATPase.
AB  - The effect of C-protein on the actin-activated ATPase of column-purified skeletal
      muscle myosin has been investigated at varied ionic strength. At ionic strengths
      below about 0.1, C-protein is a potent inhibitor. The inhibition is not reversed
      by increasing the actin concentration, showing that it is caused by C-protein
      bound to the myosin filaments. When the ionic strength is raised above about
      0.12, on the other hand, the inhibition vanishes and C-protein becomes a mild
      activator of the actomyosin ATPase. Both effects appear rapidly upon addition of
      C-protein to pre-formed myosin filaments, so C-protein probably acts by binding
      to the surface of the filaments.

PMID- 6448080
TI  - Increased phospholipid methylation in the myocardium of hyperthyroid rats.
AB  - Administration of L-thyroxine (1 mg/kg) to adult rats results in cardiac
      hypertrophy and enhanced contractility. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis through
      methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by S-adenosylmetionine in enhanced in the
      myocardium of hyperthyroid rats. Increased microsomal methylation occurs pari
      passu with the development of cardiac hypertrophy and may be partly responsible
      for preservation of cardiac performance.

PMID- 6448081
TI  - [Analysis of allosteric mechanisms of suppressing parasitic recirculation in the
      futile cycle fructose-6-P--fructose-1,6-P2].
AB  - The uncontrollable substrate recirculation in the central futile cycle (FC) in
      the carbohydrate energy metabolism fructose-6-P (F6P) in equilibrium or formed
      from fructose-1,6-P2 (FBP), makes it impossible to maintain a stable level of ATP
      because of its wasteful expenditure in the cycle reactions which are equivalent
      to the ATPase reaction and also because of the diversion of FBP from glycolytic
      phosphorylation of ADP. It follows from the analysis of a mathematical model of
      the carbohydrate energy metabolism that the allosteric inhibition of
      fructosebisphosphatase (FBPase) by FBP and AMP leads to suppression of the
      recirculation in the FC and recovery of the ability of glycolysis to stabilize
      the level of ATP with high accuracy. The allosteric activation of
      phosphofrucktokinase (PFK) by AMP couples the expenditure of ATP and F6P in the
      FC with ATP consumption by a load.

PMID- 6448082
TI  - Autoimmune and alloimmune phenomena in patients with aplastic anemia:
      cytotoxicity against autologous lymphocytes and lymphocytes from HLA identical
      siblings.
AB  - We have studied peripheral blood lymphocytes of 117 patients with severe aplastic
      anemia and 237 healthy individuals for reactivity against autologous lymphocytes
      and/or lymphocytes from HLA-identical siblings using a 51Cr release assay.
      Lymphocytes from 29% of the patients exhibited reactivity against their own
      lymphocytes, while only 3% of lymphocytes from normal individuals showed such
      reactivity. Lymphocytes from 49% of the patients showed reactivity against
      lymphocytes from their HLA-identical siblings compared to 4% of normal
      individuals. Correlation existed between allogeneic and autologous reactivities
      (p < 0.001), suggesting a common pathway for cytotoxicity. Both reactivities
      showed an association with extremely low granulocyte counts (p < 0.01) and an
      inability of the patient's mononulcear cells to stimulate in allogeneic mixed
      leukocyte culture (p < 0.05) as well as an inverse correlation with time from
      diagnosis (p < 0.001). At least two explanations exist for the transfusion
      independent autologous and allogeneic cytotoxicities: (1) they could be
      epiphenomena secondary to the stem cell defect, such as the loss of a cell that
      suppresses (or regulates) naturally occurring cytotoxic cells, or (2) they may be
      involved in the cause of the disease.

PMID- 6448083
TI  - An experimental study of the healing of secondary abdominal incisions.
AB  - An experimental study of the healing of separate secondary abdominal incisions in
      rats has been performed. After an initial right subcostal incision, a vertical
      left-sided abdominal wound was made 1 or 2 weeks later. Wound healing was
      assessed by measurement of changes in mechanical strength and collagen
      deposition. The results indicate that an increase in mechanical strength was not
      effected by initial wounding despite alterations in collagen metabolism.

PMID- 6448084
TI  - Seating the disabled.

PMID- 6448085
TI  - Nature of the reversible white matter lesion in multiple sclerosis. Effects of
      acute inflammation on myelinated tissue studied in the rabbit eye.
AB  - Arthus reactions of different intensities were induced in the rabbit eye using
      measles vaccine as the immunogen. In the presence of a mild Arthus reaction in
      the vitreous, myelinated nerve fibre bundles on the retinal surface revealed
      extracellular oedema together with marked swelling and rupture of astrocyte
      processes, including those bearing a special relationship to nodes of Ranvier.
      These changes improved or disappeared over the course of six days. No
      demyelination occurred. The findings implicate an astrocytic lesion as a possible
      cause of reversible neurological deficit and conduction block associated with
      acute inflammation in central white matter.

PMID- 6448086
TI  - Biphasic activity of membrane-bound enzymes in brain mitochondria and
      synaptosomes during the development of tolerance to and physical dependence on
      chronic morphine administration to rats.

PMID- 6448087
TI  - Atlantoaxial dislocation and Down's syndrome.
AB  - The phenotypic features of Down's syndrome are easily recognized and include
      characteristic facial features, hypotonia, ligament laxity, transverse palmar
      creases and mental subnormality. Associated manifestations and complications are
      also familiar and involve almost every organ system. Congenital heart defects,
      bowel malformations and a tendency to leukemia are common attendant problems.
      Less common, however, are defects of the skeletal system; in fact, the most
      recent edition of a standard pediatric textbook makes no mention of anomalies of
      the vertebral column. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the
      association between Down's syndrome and atlantoaxial dislocation, which in our
      patient resulted in quadriplegia and eventually death.

PMID- 6448088
TI  - A phase II study of chlorozotocin in metastatic malignant melanoma.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with metastatic malignant melanoma underwent treatment with
      chlorozotocin administered as a single dose of 120 mg/m2 by means of rapid
      intravenous infusion every six weeks. There were 1 complete and 4 partial
      remissions with an overall response rate of 14%. The median duration of response
      was 18 weeks; the patient in complete remission continues disease-free in excess
      of 42 weeks. The sites of response included: lung, 2; subcutaneous, 2; and lymph
      node, 1. There was minimal myelotoxicity: for the first cycle, the median white
      blood cell count nadir was 5400/mm3, and the platelet nadir was 210,000/mm3. No
      evidence of cumulative platelet toxicity was observed. Chlorozotocin is active
      against metastatic melanoma to the same degree as other chloroethylnitrosoureas
      in clinical use, but without causing bone marrow toxicity. These data suggest
      that chlorozotocin should be evaluated in combination with other agents active
      against melanoma.

PMID- 6448089
TI  - Bile duct adenocarcinoma with Leser-Trelat sign and pure red blood cell aplasia.
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma of the bile duct complicating longstanding ulcerative
      colitis and associated with the rapid onset and growth of multiple seborrheic
      keratosis (Leser-Trelat sign) and pure red blood cell aplasia is described. This
      is the first report of a case of the coexistence of the Leser-Trelat sign and
      pure red blood cell aplasia in a patient with a malignancy. Both manifestations
      have been doubted as truly paraneoplastic manifestations because of their rarity
      in clinical medicine. Their co-existence in the present case would support their
      associaton with malignancy.

PMID- 6448091
TI  - int-h: An int mutation of phage lambda that enhances site-specific recombination.

PMID- 6448090
TI  - Capsules of duck muscle spindles.
AB  - Duck muscle spindles show a large outer capsule enclosing a number of intrafusal
      muscle fibres which are individually encircled by an inner capsule. The outer
      capsule consists of a multilayer of 4-6 flattened cells with elongated nuclei,
      and are usually lined by a basement membrane. They resemble and are linked with
      perineural cells of the nerve bundle that innervates the spindle. There is
      overlapping and interdigitation between branching processes of these cells. Some
      apposing surfaces develop junctional complexes in the form of hemi-desmosomes and
      desmosomes. The cytoplasmic content shows numerous pinocytotic vesicles, some
      polyribosomes, lamellated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      microfilaments. The inner capsule consists of cells showing, at the mid
      equatorial region, a large ovoid nucleus and extensive branching of thin and long
      processes that overlap, forming numerous layers around each intrafusal muscle
      fibre. Bundles of collagen fibrils in a crescent-shaped configuration occur
      circumferentially between the multilayer of processes and the muscle fibre. Some
      linkages between the inner and the outer capsule cell processes provide a network
      that subdivides the large periaxial space into compartments. There is no basement
      material lining the inner capsule cells and the processes. Some cytoplasmic area
      occurs around the ovoid nucleus and the cytoplasm varies in density, showing some
      dilated short profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a few pinocytotic vesicles
      and microfilaments.

PMID- 6448092
TI  - Secretion of beta-lactamase requires the carboxy end of the protein.
AB  - Synthesis and secretion of beta-lactamase were studied in Salmonella typhimurium
      infected with P22 phage carrying the structural gene for beta-lactamase (the bla
      gene) in mutant or wild-type form. The wild-type gene was shown to specify two
      forms of beta-lactamase which differ in molecular weight by about 2500 daltons.
      This difference is consistent with removal, predicted on other grounds, of 23
      amino-terminal residues (the "signal" sequence). All bla- mutants, including
      chain-terminating mutants lacking as much as 50% or as little as 10% of the
      protein, were apparently unaffected in this processing step. Pulse-chase
      experiments showed that more than 85% of the wild-type (as well as mutant)
      proteins are synthesized as complete overlength precursors before being processed
      to their mature forms. Virtually all the mature wild-type protein appears in the
      periplasmic space whereas a large fraction of the precursor appears in the
      cytoplasm. In contrast, both the precursor and processed forms of beta-lactamase
      proteins synthesized by chain-terminating mutants (including one which lacks only
      10% of its residues from the carboxy end) are not secreted and apparently remain
      soluble in the cytoplasm. These results show that the carboxy-terminal amino acid
      sequence (at least) of beta-lactamase is essential to successful transport across
      the cytoplasmic membrane, and suggest that the presence (and probably also the
      act of removal) of the signal sequence does not suffice to ensure secretion.

PMID- 6448093
TI  - Histocompatibility requirements of rat lymphocytes for fetal antigen recognition.

PMID- 6448094
TI  - Separation of mitogen-induced suppressor cells of human antibody-producing cells.

PMID- 6448095
TI  - Characteristics of the splenic suppressor cell--target cell interaction in
      experimental African trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 6448096
TI  - Purification of murine thymocyte-stimulating factor from supernatants of mixed
      lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 6448097
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of murine thymocyte-stimulating factor.

PMID- 6448098
TI  - The mitotic Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase in proliferating tissue of Vicia faba.
AB  - The mitotic Ca2+-ATPase was isolated from root tips of Vicia faba. The enzyme
      shows the same characteristics as the one isolated from a variety of animal
      cells. The results support the hypothesis that the membrane-bound mitotic Ca2+
      ATPase is part of a Ca2+-regulating system universal for both plant and animal
      cells.

PMID- 6448099
TI  - [Vibrio parahaemolyticus--a representative of sea microflora pathogenic for man
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448100
TI  - [Pathophysiological effects of the erythrogenic toxins (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448101
TI  - [Contribution to the method of studying phagocytosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448102
TI  - [The character of intestinal fluid secreted after stimulation by enterotoxins of
      vibrios (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448103
TI  - [Biological properties of the strains F. tularensis isolated in Slovakia
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448104
TI  - [A study in the efficiency of karfecilin (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448105
TI  - [Chemical stability of Persteril in practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448106
TI  - [Disinfection effect of Orthosan BF12 on the collection strains of microbes and
      on strains isolated from clinical material (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448107
TI  - [Diagnostic methods for the investigation of eggs of Taenia saginata Goeze, 1782,
      in the stools (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448108
TI  - [Complications in gynecologic laparoscopy].

PMID- 6448109
TI  - New vectorcardiographic criteria for diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy in
      mitral stenosis: comparison with electrocardiographic criteria.
AB  - Frank-lead vectorcardiograms (VCGs) and standard 12-lead electrocardiograms
      (ECGs) were analyzed to develop simple, linear, quantitative criteria for the
      diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The study subjects included a
      population with a definite RVH (84 patients with mitral stenosis proved by
      cardiac catheterization and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure > 40 mm Hg) and
      a population with minimal likelihood of RVH (173 young, healthy volunteers and
      151 normal subjects proved by cardiac catheterization). VCGs were evaluated to
      identify criteria that provided maximum sensitivity and at least a 95%
      specificity: the maximum QRS magnitude had to be < 1.8 mV and either (1) the
      amplitude at -45 degrees (transverse plane) had to be < 0.3 mV or (2) the maximum
      anterior amplitude plus the maximum rightward amplitude minus the amplitude at 
      45 degrees must be greater than or equal to 0.5 mV. Application of these criteria
      achieved 60% (50 of 84) sensitivity in patients with RVH, similar to that for
      previous VCG criteria but significantly better (p < 0.01) than the best
      sensitivity with any ECG criteria (27%, 23 of 84). The specificity of the
      proposed criteria was 96% (310 of 324), significantly better (p < 0.001) than the
      78% specificity (252 of 324) of existing VCG criteria. Thus, linear measurements
      of the QRS complex displayed on the VCG identify 60% of patients with moderate-to
      severe RVH and falsely indicate RVH in only 4% of normal subjects.

PMID- 6448110
TI  - Plasma C19-delta 5-steroid levels during normal human pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone and delta
      5-androstenediol were measured in several women throughout pregnancy. The levels
      of both dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate decreased while those of delta 5
      androstenediol did not. The levels of binding of the latter steroid to plasma
      proteins increased.

PMID- 6448111
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of the prune belly syndrome.

PMID- 6448112
TI  - Hepatitis B infection in institutionalized Down's syndrome inmates: a
      longitudinal study with five hepatitis B virus markers.

PMID- 6448113
TI  - Schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases: evidence for neurotissue
      hypersensitivity.
AB  - Psychiatric patients (208 with cerebral atrophy, 46 with dementia, 82 with
      depression and 481 with schizophrenia) with control subjects (56 normal
      individuals and patients with neurosis) were skin-tested with human S-100 brain
      protein, soluble fraction from the brain and liver protein. The local Arthus and
      delayed hypersensitivity reactions were read at 4-6 hr and at 24 hr respectively.
      The great majority of tested psychiatric patients developed positive Arthus and
      delayed skin reactions to S-100 protein and soluble brain protein fraction. A
      small number of control subjects responded to those antigens. The results
      obtained suggest that there is a correlation between local cutaneous sensitivity
      to neurotissue antigens and psychiatric diseases, and that both humoral and cell
      mediated immunity are involved in the pathogenesis and development of cerebral
      atrophy, dementia, depression and schizophrenia.

PMID- 6448114
TI  - Con A-induced suppressor cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - The function of Con A stimulation was investigated in patients with ALL in
      remission and in patients with ALL in the acute phase of the disease as compared
      to healthy controls. Suppression of the Con A response brought about by
      autologous Con A-activated cells was significantly lower in ALL patients in
      remission (mean value 29.33%) and in the acute phase (mean value 10%) than in the
      controls (mean value 64.86%). Suppression of the Con A stimulation of control
      lymphocytes by Con A-activated homologous cells of ALL patients had a mean value
      of 51.65%. This was significantly higher than the suppression obtained by the
      same ALL cells in the autologous system and of the same order of magnitude as the
      suppression obtained by control Con A-activated cells on control Con A
      stimulation (57.67%). Suppression of the Con a response of ALL lymphocytes
      produced by control Con A-activated cells was 23.17% and comparable to healthy
      controls. These results demonstrate that the function of Con A-induced
      suppression is significantly lower in ALL patients. They further indicate that at
      least two cell types are involved in this kind of suppression in humans.

PMID- 6448115
TI  - Laparoscopic diagnosis and pseudomenopause treatment of endometriosis with
      danazol.

PMID- 6448116
TI  - Radiology of the pelvis and hips in adults with Down's syndrome.
AB  - In a radiological study of the pelvis in 66 adult subjects with Down's syndrome,
      25 (38%) were found to have the classical pelvic sharpe associated with Down's
      syndrome in infancy and childhood. The appearance of the pelvis and hip joints
      was very variable and matched the variety of appearances seen in normal subjects,
      except that generally the pelvis was smaller than normal. The discriminating
      value of the iliac index (which is abnormal in up to 80% of affected infants) was
      lost in this group of affected adults. Subluxation and osteoarthrosis of the hips
      were very uncommon features. In addition to the primary morphological
      abnormalities in the pelvis in Down's syndrome that are described in the
      literature, posture probably plays a part in producing the variable radiological
      appearances of the pelvis.

PMID- 6448117
TI  - Statistical and comparative study of 4600 patients tested in Barcelona (1973
      1977).
AB  - The authors show the results obtained during the 5-year period 1973-1977 in 4600
      patch tested patients in the Allergy Department of Barcelona University. The
      results obtained with the most common allergens (nickel sulfate, potassium
      dichromate, para compounds, cobalt and rubber) are studied separately. The
      results of testing with the allergens with a low incidence of positives are also
      shown. The results are compared with those published by the NACDG on 1200
      patients and by Brun in Geneva on 1000 patients; 5.02% of the tested patients
      showed sensitization to benzidine.

PMID- 6448118
TI  - Allergic contact sensitization to Epoxide 7 in grinding oil.
AB  - Contact dermatitis is reported in three out of four machine tool setters working
      with a grinding oil containing Epoxide 7 and a polyamine antirust additive.
      Positive patch test reactions to Epoxide 7 were obtained in two of three men and
      to the polyamine antirust additive in all three. Patch tests with the same
      dilutions of easch additive in controls were negative. Epoxide 7 has since been
      replaced in the formulation by a technical alternative.

PMID- 6448119
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from dipentene in honing oil.
AB  - Three independent cases are reported of allergic contact dermatitis from
      dipentene in the same brand of honing oil. The manufacturers have since removed
      dipentene from the formulation and replaced it with a technical alternative.

PMID- 6448120
TI  - Cutaneous allergic reactions to dithiocarbamates.

PMID- 6448121
TI  - Occupational dermatitis from vitamin K3 sodium bisulfite.

PMID- 6448122
TI  - Contact dermatitis to terpene derivatives in a machine cleaner.

PMID- 6448123
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to propanidid in an anesthetist.

PMID- 6448124
TI  - Chlorovinyldichloropyrimidine.

PMID- 6448125
TI  - Yellow stained skin from dinitro-salicylic acid.

PMID- 6448126
TI  - Contact dermatitis to polyester spin finishes.

PMID- 6448127
TI  - Formaldehyde in technical EDTA and NTA.

PMID- 6448128
TI  - Irritant and toxic reactions to phenol in topical medications.

PMID- 6448129
TI  - Improvement of intractable acne in a man following testosterone suppression using
      danazol.
AB  - Sometimes, oral contraceptives have been successful in treating resistant cases
      of acne in girls, probably by reducing testosterone levels (both total and free)
      by suppressing the pituitary gonadotropins. Danazol is a new agent which also
      suppresses gonadotropins, but it is an impeded androgen with negligible estrogen
      effects. It would seem, therefore, a more appropriate drug to treat intractable
      acne in men since it suppresses testosterone levels. Presented herein is a twenty
      five year old man with severe acne that did not improve after treatment with
      conventional topical agents and systemic antibiotics. The patient's condition
      showed considerable improvement after three months of danazol therapy. However,
      although, the acne remained suppressed while the patient was receiving the
      medication, when the medication was stopped, the acne returned. Again, the
      condition was suppressed after the medication was resumed. Other than mild weight
      gain, no significant side effects were noted in this patient. His libido remained
      unchanged and no problems with impotence developed. Danazol may prove to be a
      useful drug for treating acne especially in postpubertal men in whom the
      condition does not respond with conventional therapy.

PMID- 6448130
TI  - Vaginal medications as a cause for varied widespread dermatitides.
AB  - Widespread dermatitis developed in three women after use of vaginal preparations.
      Besides allergic contact dermatitis, these cases involved erythema multiforme and
      a photosensitive eruption. Antigen absorption into the general circulation
      through the vaginal wall, and its deposition at distant skin sites, appeared to
      account for the spread of the eruption. This type of eruption is akin to the
      systemic, eczematous, contact-type dermatitis mediated by a systemically given
      drug in a primarily cutaneously sensitized person.

PMID- 6448131
TI  - Double-blind comparison of topical 1 percent clindamycin phosphate (Cleocin T)
      and oral tetracycline 500 mg/day in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
AB  - An eight week double-blind study comparing 1 percent clindamycin phosphate
      (Cleocin T) applied topically with tetracycline 500 mg a day taken orally was
      conducted in fifty subjects. Topically applied 1 percent clindamycin phosphate
      was found to be superior to oral tetracycline at six weeks as judged by patient
      evaluation and reduction of papules. There was a consistent trend favoring
      clindamycin phosphate at the other visits but the difference was not significant.
      The use of topically applied 1 percent clindamycin phosphate seems to be a
      logical alternative to the use of oral tetracycline.

PMID- 6448132
TI  - The dyskinetic cilia syndrome. Ciliary motility in immotile cilia syndrome.
AB  - Ciliary motility was studied in three patients with Kartagener syndrome who had
      previously been found to have absent nasal and pulmonary mucociliary transport
      and missing dynein arms in nasal cilia. A video system was used to record
      movement of cilia obtained by nasal brushings for analysis of wave form and beat
      frequency. Two patterns of abnormal ciliary beat were observed; an oscillating
      and a rotating type of motion. There was no evidence of planar coordination of
      metachronicity. This abnormal motion was present in up to 40 percent of cells and
      the remainder were totally immotile. Thus, in Kartagener syndrome many ciliated
      cells are motile, but the motion is abnormal. We suggest that "immotile cilia
      syndrome" is a misnomer, and recommended it be renamed "dyskinetic cilia
      syndrome."

PMID- 6448133
TI  - Left ventricular responses to a program of lower-limb strength training.
AB  - Nine healthy male subjects ages 18-27 exercised five days per week. Three days
      per week they performed five repetitions of squats, leg extensions and leg
      flexions with maximal resistance for a total of 11 sets. On the other two days
      each week subjects performed five leg presses and 20 calf raises with maximal
      resistance. Resting echocardiograms and physiologic evaluations were made prior
      to starting the strength training and again after ten weeks of training. Resting
      heart rate +/- SEM before and after training was 65 +/- 2 and 58 +/- 1.7
      beats/min (P < .001). Maximal O2 uptake did not change significantly. Left
      ventricular wall thickness +/- SEM before and after training increased from 0.76
      +/- .02 to 0.85 +/- 0.04 cm (P < .05). Left ventricular mass +/- SEM increased
      from 81.9 +/- 5 to 92.3 +/- 3.7 g (P < .05). The percentage of left ventricular
      fractional shortening +/- SEM increased from 32 percent +/- 1.2 to 36 percent +/-
      .9 (P < .001). Lower limb strength training in normal subjects did not increase
      maximal O2 uptake, but did induce increases in left ventricular wall thickness
      similar to that seen in champion strength-trained athletes. In addition,
      improvement in left ventricular performance without significant changes in left
      ventricular volumes was also observed.

PMID- 6448134
TI  - Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Two patients with cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure were found to be
      grossly hypocalcemic secondary to previously undiagnosed hypoparathyroidism. The
      cardiac failure was refractory to digitalis preparations and diuretics but
      responded dramatically when specific therapy restored the serum calcium to
      normal. The mechanism of congestive heart failure in hypocalcemia is discussed,
      and their association constitutes one form of reversible cardiomyopathy which
      should be kept in mind when a patient fails to respond to conventional
      antifailure therapy.

PMID- 6448135
TI  - [Degenerative and hypertrophic changes in the mobile segments of the lumbar spine
      as a function of age (summary of the thesis)].

PMID- 6448136
TI  - Reduced left ventricular hypertrophy following long-term water deprivation in the
      young spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Biochemical and physical parameters of cardiac hypertrophy accompanying
      hypertension were studied in water deprived versus non-deprived immature
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive progenitor strain,
      Wistar Kyoto (WKY). A 23.5 hour/day water deprivation schedule was maintained
      from 5 to 13 weeks of age in 23 SHR and 8 WKY rats to compare the non-deprived
      animals (16 SHR and 8 WKY controls). Water deprived SHR had lower left
      ventricular weight, lower total protein and hydroxyproline and the same total DNA
      as the non-deprived SHR. DNA concentration was higher in the deprived SHR than in
      the non-deprived SHR. No differences were found among the four groups in right
      ventricular weight or DNA concentration. Left to right ventricular weight ratio
      was significantly lower and left to right ventricular DNA concentration ratio
      significantly higher in the deprived SHR relative to non-deprived SHR. These data
      indicate that the water deprived SHR, which was less hypertensive than the non
      deprived SHR, had less hypertrophy of their left ventricles. While water
      deprivation lowered mean arterial pressure in the WKY, also, there was no effect
      on left ventricular weight or biochemical indices of left ventricular cell size
      and cell number.

PMID- 6448138
TI  - Sex differences in serum levels of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase in infancy:
      correlation of enzyme activity with testosterone levels.
AB  - Serum levels of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase (HEX) (EC 3.2.1.30) activity in
      infants display a sexual dimorphism. Total HEX activity in males between 1 and 3
      months of age is significantly elevated over female levels (male (M), 1535 +/-
      300 nmol/60 min/ml; female (F), 1150 +/- 203, P < 0.0005), and the A (labile)
      isozyme constitutes a significantly lower proportion of the total activity
      present (M, 56.0 +/- 4.2, N = 24; F, 64.3 +/- 4.6, N = 21, P < 0.0005). These
      findings led us to investigate the relationship between testosterone
      concentration and HEX activity in serum. Samples from male (N = 36) and female (N
      = 33) infants between 1 and 6 months of age were included. In both sexes, a high
      degree of correlation (P < 0.0005) was observed between testosterone and total
      HEX (M, r = 0.71; F, r = 0.73), HEX A (M, r = 0.68; F, r = 0.56) and HEX B (M, r
      = 0.68; F, r = 0.72). An inverse relationship exists between testosterone levels
      and % A: M, r = -0.56; F, r = -0.38 (P < 0.0025 and 0.025, respectively). In
      contrast, no correlation between HEX levels and testosterone was evident in
      either male or female adults (r = 0.20 and 0.18, respectively). These data
      implicate testosterone in the regulation of HEX activity during the early months
      of human development.

PMID- 6448139
TI  - [Effect of stenopril on the oxidative phosphorylation processes in rat
      mitochondria].
AB  - The author examined the influence of the preparation stenopryl on the processes
      of oxidative prosphorilation in the liver and cerebral mitochondria of a rat in
      view of clarifying some aspects of its pharmacobiochemical mechanism. The results
      from the experiments in vitro revealed that stenopryl inhibited the processes of
      oxidative phosphorilation in comparatively high concentrations. The lower
      concentrations of the preparation did not induce changes. Stenopryl used in
      vitro, raised ATP-ase activity in liver mitochondria. The data on the experiments
      in vivo with a dose of 20 mg/kg of stenopryl showed that the preparation did not
      affect the oxidative processes, when two substrates of oxidation were used, but
      inhibited phosphorilation when sodium succinate was used. ATP-ase activity during
      treatment in vivo was not altered.

PMID- 6448137
TI  - Ipratropium bromide: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic
      efficacy in asthma and chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergc bronchodilator administered by
      inhalation. Although producing bronchodilation in most patients with obstructive
      airways disease, it is somewhat less effective than beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist
      drugs such as salbutamol or fenoterol in patients with asthma, but is at least as
      effective as these agents in bronchitis. As with the beta 2-adrenoceptor
      agonists, the onset of maximum effect with ipratropium (about 1.5 to 2 hours) is
      slower than with isoprenaline (although significant bronchodilation usually
      occurs within seconds or minutes of ipratropium inhalation), and the duration of
      effect (about 4 to 6 hours) is longer. Studies of concomitant use of ipratropium
      and other agents such as beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, theophylline, or sodium
      cromoglycate, have usually shown a greater response in many patients than with
      single drug therapy, as might be expected from  the different mechanisms of
      action of these groups of drugs. Usual inhaled doses of ipratropium were well
      tolerated in all studies. Ipratropium thus appears to be a suitable alternative
      to beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs in patients not fully responding to these
      agents, and combined therapy with ipratropium and other bronchodilating drugs may
      prove to be an important area of use in patients failing to respond adequately to
      a single drug regimen. (nevertheless, in asthma patients in whom a 'non
      responsive' state is developing, initiation of corticosteroid therapy should not
      be delayed). Ipratropium may also be useful in the occasional patient in whom
      side effects such as palpitations or tremor are troublesome with usual inhaled
      doses of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists.

PMID- 6448140
TI  - Stretch sensitivity of primary spindle endings in masseter and temporalis
      muscles: lateralization and association with unilateral preference pattern of
      mastication.

PMID- 6448142
TI  - Educating the severely/profoundly handicapped in the public schools: a side-by
      side approach.

PMID- 6448141
TI  - Toward integration in the mainstream.

PMID- 6448143
TI  - Two preservice strategies for preparing regular class teachers for mainstreaming.

PMID- 6448144
TI  - Social interaction of exceptional and other children in a mainstreamed preschool
      classroom.

PMID- 6448145
TI  - Avoiding misconceptions of mainstreaming, the least restrictive environment, and
      normalization.

PMID- 6448146
TI  - Integrating handicapped students into the mainstream.

PMID- 6448147
TI  - Minimum competency testing and handicapped students.

PMID- 6448148
TI  - Minimum competency testing and the IEP process.

PMID- 6448149
TI  - Florida's minimum competency testing program for handicapped students.

PMID- 6448150
TI  - Competency testing: will the LD student be included?

PMID- 6448151
TI  - Policy approaches regarding the impact of graduation requirements on handicapped
      students.

PMID- 6448152
TI  - Training special service teams to develop IEP's.

PMID- 6448153
TI  - Relationship of individualized instruction to placement of exceptional children.

PMID- 6448154
TI  - Improving attitudes of high school students toward their handicapped peers.

PMID- 6448155
TI  - Change in mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity following allosensitization between
      DLA-identical dog sibs.
AB  - The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is known to react to major histocompatibility
      complex disparities but is insensitive to minor histocompatibility antigens. To
      determine which modifications could amplify reactivity to these antigens, we have
      studied the effects of presensitization on normally nonresponsive MLC in dogs.
      Lymphocytes, primed in vitro to and restimulated with cells of a DLA-identical
      sib, did not react to these specific cells, in contrast to normal proliferation
      to other stimulators. However, lymphocytes obtained after in vivo sensitization
      against a DLA-identical donor showed increased reactivity to the donor in
      approximately half of the recipients. In comparison to primary MLC responses
      between DLA-mismatched individuals, the [3H] thymidine uptake was less important
      in this reaction, and peak incorporation was usually not accelerated. This
      response appeared to be specific in that responsiveness to third-party cells was
      not increased, and, alternatively, immunization against a DLA haplo-identical
      donor did not modify reactivity to DLA-identical cells. This increased reactivity
      after alloimmunization may reflect differences in minor histocompatibility
      antigens although the skin graft survival time was not significantly shorter in
      MLC responders than in nonresponder recipients. It seems that in vivo priming is
      required to expand the number of cells specific for these antigens and to enable
      detection of proliferation in MLC.

PMID- 6448156
TI  - Lyt 1 cells respond to Ia-bearing macrophages in the murine syngeneic mixed
      lymphocyte reaction.
AB  - An autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction has been described in mice and humans in
      which T cells proliferate following stimulation with syngeneic non-T cells. This
      report demonstrates that in the murine syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, the
      responder cell is an Ly1+, Ly23-, Qa-1-T cell. The stimulator is an Ia-bearing
      macrophage-like cell.

PMID- 6448157
TI  - Histochemical studies on the inferior oblique muscle of Siamese cats and domestic
      cats with unilateral lid suture.

PMID- 6448158
TI  - Early morphological alteration of the pigment epithelium in streptozotocin
      induced diabetes: increased surface area of the basal cell membrane.

PMID- 6448159
TI  - Occurrence of inhibitory histamine H2-receptors in isolated pulmonary blood
      vessels of dogs and rats.
AB  - Isolated, helically cut strips of pulmonary arteries and veins of dogs, and
      pulmonary arteries of rats, precontracted with norepinephrine or 5-HT exhibited
      potent concentration-dependent relaxations to impromidine and dimaprit (histamine
      H2-agonists). The occurrence of inhibitory histamine H2-receptors in the
      pulmonary vasculature could play a modulatory role in hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction.

PMID- 6448160
TI  - 99mTc-MDP extraction in relation to 81mKr perfusion following a partial osteotomy
      in the dog tibia.
AB  - The bone mineral extraction of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc
      MDP), and blood supply of Krypton-81m (81mKr) have been compared in normal and
      osteotomy regions of the canine tibia. A partial osteotomy was carried out under
      aseptic conditions, and isotopic measurements made over a period of 123 days.
      Both blood flow and bone mineral extraction increase after a partial osteotomy.

PMID- 6448161
TI  - An electrophoretic polymorphism that mimics a true genetic polymorphism in
      Triturus cristatus carnifex (Amiphibia, Urodela).
AB  - Phosphoglucomutase electrophoretic patterns have been studied in 60 tail
      homogenates of Triturus cristatus carnifex. Our results show that the same sample
      produces a different electrophoretic pattern with homogenate ageing; a new band
      of intermediate mobility appears, together with the one produced by the fresh
      preparation. The phenomenon can mimic a true genetic polymorphism when
      differently stored samples are analyzed.

PMID- 6448162
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of differences in AMP deaminase activity in rat
      skeletal muscle-fibres.
AB  - The histochemical method for AMP deaminase confirms that rat slow-twitch fibres
      contain less AMP deaminase activity than fast-twitch fibres. However, the enzyme
      appears similarly localized in all fibre types.

PMID- 6448163
TI  - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Syrian hamsters: new model of diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Syrian golden hamsters can 'recover' from single diabetogenic doses of alloxan
      and return to normoglycemia. Induction of chronic diabetes was accomplished by
      multiple injections of streptozotocin.

PMID- 6448164
TI  - The effect of the anabolic steroid stanozolol on tissue plasminogen activator
      activity and plasmin inhibition in the rat.
AB  - The anabolic steroid stanozolol administered orally in male Sprague-Dawley rats
      induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in tissue plasminogen activator
      activity. The increase was highest in lung, lowest in heart, and intermediate in
      aorta and kidney. A slight increase in plasmin inhibition was noted only in the
      heart.

PMID- 6448166
TI  - The ATPase activities of rat cardiac myosin isoenzymes.

PMID- 6448165
TI  - Serotoninergic modulation of mesolimbic and frontal cortical dopamine neurons.
AB  - Potentiation of the effect of haloperidol on dopamine metabolism by the 5-HT
      uptake inhibitor CGP 6085 A, and antagonism of this effect by the 5-HT antagonist
      mianserin were observed in the mesolimbic area and the frontal cortex of the rat
      brain. A similar effect was reported earlier in the corpus striatum. This
      suggests that serotoninergic modulation of dopamine neurons is a generally
      occurring phenomenon in the brain.

PMID- 6448167
TI  - Extracellular ATP, ecto-ATPase and calcium influx in Dictyostelium discoideum
      cells.

PMID- 6448168
TI  - Laparoscopic findings in twenty-five failures of artificial insemination.
AB  - The laparoscopic findings, treatment, and follow-up of 25 patients who failed
      artificial insemination donor (AID) were retrospectively evaluated. A high
      incidence (72%) of abnormal pelvic findings was encountered. Endometriosis was
      found in 60% and pelvic adhesions in 12% of the patients. The incidence of these
      two entities was not significantly different from their incidence in patients
      with unexplained infertility in the same institution (44% for endometriosis and
      36% for adhesions). After surgical or medical treatment, a pregnancy rate of
      22.2% (16.6% for endometriosis and 66.6% for pelvic adhesions) was achieved in
      patients with positive pelvic findings; in the group with negative pelvic
      findings, a pregnancy rate of 20% was achieved. The value of diagnostic
      laparoscopy in AID failures is discussed in the light of the findings presented
      and the relatively low rate of post-treatment pregnancy.

PMID- 6448169
TI  - [Review: Functional and metabolic differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers].

PMID- 6448170
TI  - [Avicenna--physician-encyclopedist and certain principles of his teachings
      concerning health and disease (on the 1000th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6448171
TI  - [Role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating the production of
      erythrocytic chalone].
AB  - In rats, administration of the diphtheric toxin and propranolol after acute
      hemorrhage decreased production of the erythrocyte chalone. In vitro, adrenalin
      or ephedrine addition to erythrocytes increased excretion of the erythrocyte
      chalone. There is a direct correlation between production of chalone and
      depression of the bone marrow mitotic activity. The mechanism of the chalone
      release under the effect of the sympathetic transmitters, is discussed.

PMID- 6448172
TI  - [Relationship between static sensitivity and spontaneous muscle receptor
      activity].
AB  - Study of the spontaneous impulse activity of 193 m. triceps receptors in cats
      revealed that the units of dynamic type characterized by high dynamic sensitivity
      have the mean firing rate lower than positional those. The higher is the mean
      firing rate at 10-mm muscle stretching, the higher is the probability that these
      receptors have spontaneous discharges of higher mean frequency. A close linear
      correlation exists between the mean frequency of the receptors spontaneous
      discharges and the value of their static responses to stretching. The data
      obtained suggest that the spontaneous activity is inherent in receptors capable
      of responding to an increased resting tone of the passive muscle spindle.

PMID- 6448173
TI  - Comparison of neonatally and adoptively induced transplantation tolerance in
      mice.
AB  - Transplantation tolerance induced by the semiallogeneic cells in newborn mice or
      by the adoptive transfer of syngeneic spleen cells from neonatally tolerant
      donors in adult mice was studied in the strain combination with the H-2D region
      disparity (B10.A recipients--B10.A(2R) donors). Tolerance could be transfered
      adoptively already from 3-week-old mice that had been rendered tolerant at birth
      and the ability for the transfer of tolerance persisted for long periods even
      when neonatally tolerant animals were not skin grafted. Both neonatally and
      adoptively induced tolerance could not be abolished by the adoptive transfer of
      100 x 10(6) immunocompetent cells from normal syngeneic donors. It was observed
      in the in vitro experiments that cells from tolerant mice in the two types of
      tolerance reacted to the tolerated antigens in the mixed lymphocyte culture, did
      not react to the tolerated antigens in the microcytotoxicity test (only some mice
      with adoptively induced tolerance showed a certain degree of reactivity), but
      cells from both types of tolerant mice inhibited the in vitro sensitization of
      cells from normal syngeneic animals. This suppression was stronger with cells
      from neonatally tolerant mice.

PMID- 6448174
TI  - [The epidemiology of occupational dermatoses (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448175
TI  - [Contact dermatitis due to potassium gold cyanide (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448176
TI  - [Contact dermatitis due to p-chlorophenyl phenyl chloromethane (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448177
TI  - [Experiences with parex-paraffine-a contribution to skin irritant checking
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448178
TI  - [Effect of corticosteroids and synthetic antimalarials on he Arthus phenomenon.
      Histochemical and electron microscopic studies].

PMID- 6448179
TI  - Phosphofructokinase from a mouse preputial gland tumour ESR-586.

PMID- 6448180
TI  - Acetylator status and liver function profile changes in labyrinthine ischaemia
      patients treated with thymoxamine.

PMID- 6448181
TI  - [Genetic amniocentesis: technique and results in 1,000 first trimester
      amniocenteses (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of 1,000 transabdominal amniocenteses between 15 and 20 weeks
      gestation are reported. The method is described. The bio-chemical and cytogenetic
      results are reported. - Amniocentesis in the first trimester is not a routine
      investigation since fetal and maternal risks are associated with this procedure.
      The risk of abortion following amniocentesis was lowered from 6/1000 to 2/500 by
      improvement of the technique under ultra-sound control. The worst maternal
      complication observed was a septic abortion one day after amniocentesis. 96% of
      all cyto-genetic examinations showed normal karotypes. The largest group at risk
      were mothers over 35 years of age. In this group chromosome anomalies were found
      in 17 cases. All neural tube defects were found by determination of the alpha
      fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid. 26 terminations of pregnancy for fetal
      indications were carried out. Two patients refused therapeutic abortions despite
      trisomy 21 for ethical reasons. One patient continues her pregnancy with a 47 XYZ
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6448182
TI  - [Discussion on the safety of laparoscopy. Comments on the Frangenheim-Semm
      controversy].

PMID- 6448183
TI  - [Occupational hygiene of agricultural workers in kenaf cultivation in
      Uzbekistan].

PMID- 6448184
TI  - [State of the physiological functions in fruit and vegetable cannery workers].

PMID- 6448185
TI  - [Use of regression analysis in studying the effect of the work load on the body
      resistance of female weavers].

PMID- 6448186
TI  - [Results of the activities of the M. M. Efendi-zade Azerbaijani Research
      Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases over the last 20
      years].

PMID- 6448187
TI  - [Identification and quantitative determination by a gas chromatograhic method of
      the substances released from the melting of polyethylene terephthalate].

PMID- 6448188
TI  - [Effect of nicotinic acid on vitamin B group interaction under industrial
      conditions and experimentally].

PMID- 6448189
TI  - [Experimental data on the state of the cardiovascular system of rats exposed to
      vitamin PP dust].

PMID- 6448190
TI  - [Effect of diesel fuel on skin sensory functions].

PMID- 6448191
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the technological process for producing polyethylene
      terephthalate].

PMID- 6448192
TI  - [Importance of sanatorium and health resort treatment for the rehabilitation of
      the disabled and vibration disease patients].

PMID- 6448193
TI  - Effects of mycotoxins on mixed-function oxidase and adenosine triphosphatase
      systems in neonatal rats. I. aflatoxin B1/rubratoxin B.

PMID- 6448194
TI  - [Computed tomography and angiography in the evaluation of intracranial angiomas
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Angiographic results in 31 intracranial angiomas and CT-findings in 22 of this
      group were evaluated. Precise angiographic analysis remains the basis for
      planning and execution of neurosurgical therapy, even in the era of CT.
      Nevertheless, vascular malformations of all types seldom escape detection with
      CT. CT has also made possible extremely accurate diagnosis of larger
      malformations. It has provided an unprecedented wealth of information regarding
      hematoma, subarachnoidal hemorrhage, edema, infarction and atrophy. Scans both
      with and without injection of contrast material are essential for comparative
      purposes.

PMID- 6448195
TI  - [Computertomographic and morphological findings in cerebral infarctions and
      intracerebral haematomas in identical sections (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper deals with computertomographic and morphological studies in patients
      who died suffering from brain ischaemia, haemorrhagical infarction and
      haemorrhages. These examinations were done in identical sections. Methodically
      computerized tomograms in living patients, postmortal tomograms, brain sections
      and macrosections were used. Not in all cases corresponding findings were
      observed, due to the following factors 1. Size of the lesion 2. Localisation 3.
      Time of examination 4. Premortal alterations. The different factors are discussed
      in detail.

PMID- 6448196
TI  - [Early changes in the microangiogram of the rabbit brain after experimental skull
      and cerebral trauma. Part 1 methods (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiments were performed in order to determine what changes occur in the
      microcirculation of the brain in animals following closed skull trauma, when
      these occur in relation to the trauma and what further changes are to be
      expected. In the first part of the paper suitable experimental methods are
      described. Skull trauma was inflicted to anaesthetised rabbits by means of a
      special apparatus by which impact speed, force, frequency, acceleration and
      period of contact could be determined. Three, five, ten and 15 minutes following
      the trauma, a special mixture was injected through a catheter in the aortic arch
      and the animals were decapitated. The brain was sectioned in three anatomically
      defined places and examined histologically and by microangiography. For the
      latter purpose glass plate coated with emulsion, a special exposure chamber and
      an x-ray tube with small focal spot were used. Exposures of five minutes
      permitted objects of 0.78 micrometers to be sharply resolved. Twenty-one defined
      areas were enlarged 360 times and compared with histologic sections. The normal
      microcirculation in the rabbit brain is described.

PMID- 6448197
TI  - [Computed tomography after injuries of the cervical and upper thoracic spine
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of the cervical and upper thoracic region was performed
      in 20 patients with serious spinal trauma; in a further two patients CT was
      carried out to demonstrate or localise a paravertebral foreign body. CT was shown
      to improve diagnosis of spinal injuries: 1. The patient remained supine during
      the examination in a stable position. 2. The neural arches were well
      demonstrated. 3. Vertical fractures through the bodies can be shown with
      certainty. 4. All dimensions of the spinal canal can be evaluated. 5. Intra- and
      extra-spinal bone fragments and foreign bodies can be localised accurately. 6.
      Traumatic changes in the paravertebral soft tissues are visible. 7. The
      intraspinal soft tissues can be seen to some extent.

PMID- 6448198
TI  - [The use of contrast media in computer tomography (author's transl)].
AB  - There are a variety of applications for contrast media in CT. They can be used
      for better anatomic demonstration or for showing pathological processes. Nearly
      all available contrast media may be found useful. Intravenously injected
      renographic contrast media are most commonly employed. In addition to their
      inherent contrast, specific pharmaco-kinetic changes may be of diagnostic value.
      This adds some knowledge of function to the purely morphological information
      obtained by computer tomography. For this purpose, contrast has to be injected
      rapidly and a fast scanner must be used (so-called angio-CT).

PMID- 6448199
TI  - [A comparison of echography and computer tomography for the diagnosis of space
      occupying lesions in the kidney (author's transl)].
AB  - One hundred and three patients with a suspected space-occupying lesion in the
      kidney were examined by one or both of the above methods. The findings were
      compared with the histological (45 cases) or final clinical diagnosis (58 cases).
      In the group in whom the diagnosis was confirmed at operation or histologically,
      echography proved correct in 41 patients and computer tomography in 44. The
      latter method was able to show metastatic deposits in lymph nodes, in the liver,
      the supra-renals and the other kidney, as well as tumour thrombi in the vena cava
      in patients with tumours. In the group diagnosed only clinically, where the
      diagnosis had not been confirmed by operation or biopsy, the striking feature was
      the inaccuracy of echography in the demonstration of small cysts and the
      uncertainty in differentiation fluid from solid lesions for the exclusion of
      tumours.

PMID- 6448200
TI  - [A comparison of ultrasound-Doppler sonography and angiography for stenosing
      lesions of supra-aortic vessels (author's transl)].
AB  - The ultrasonographic results of 158 patients with cerebro-vascular diseases were
      compared with the angiographic features. The results of the degree of the
      arterial stenoses correlated well in 66%. In 24% the ultrasonographic findings
      were false negative, in 10% they were false positive. With regard to the
      intentions of the centers of vascular surgery to operate as early as possible the
      ultrasound must be regarded as a screening method. The angiography is still
      necessary for the operation proceeding.

PMID- 6448201
TI  - [Radiological lung changes in acute respiratory insufficiency--so-called shock
      lung (author's transl)].
AB  - Of 3558 patients in intensive care, 1093 developed acute respiratory
      insufficiency. 3.5% and 10% respectively developed radiological changes
      characteristic of so-called shock lung. It was possible to identify
      characteristic radiological changes occurring in stages, which made it possible
      to define four separate phases.

PMID- 6448202
TI  - [ECG-controlled cardio-computer tomography (author's transl)].
AB  - During ECG-controlled cardio-computer tomography, only certain defined phases of
      the cardiac cycle are used for computing the image. Consequently several cycles
      are necessary in order to obtain the required projection. ECG-controlled cardio
      computer tomography produces findings regarding dys- or akinetic portions of the
      myocardium which are in good agreement with the laevo-cardiogram. The septum,
      apex and antero-lateral wall are demonstrated most easily, since their movement
      lies within the appropriate plane. Demonstration of the anterior and posterior
      walls is more difficult, since their movement is angled to the computer
      tomographic plane.

PMID- 6448203
TI  - [Nucleid-angiographic calculations of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure,
      pulmonary capillary pressure and diastolic pulmonary pressure (author's transl)].
AB  - Proper of cardiac nucleid-angiography provides parameters which are comparable to
      those obtained by invasive procedures. Although various methods have been devised
      for determining left ventricular ejection rate and the geometric analysis of the
      left ventricle by isotope techniques (Adam 2-5), Ashburn (6, 7), Breuel (11, 12),
      Strauss/Bill, Strauss/Pitt (65, 66, 67), only a few comparative intra-cavitary
      pressure measurements are available. Of these, the method developed by de
      Vernejoul (73 to 76) is of particular importance for measurements during the
      bolus phase because of the large number of cases studied by simultaneous
      catheterisation (670 patients). The value of de Vernejoul's formula was confirmed
      by a study of 350 of our own cases. The disadvantage of the method lies in its
      susceptibility to variations in the bolus front. We have therefore attempted for
      some time to obtain pressure measurements by a pooling procedure.

PMID- 6448204
TI  - [Angiographic-clinical correlation in Fallot's-tetralogy during childhood
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with Fallot's tetralogy were investigated in order to
      correlate their clinical and angiographic findings. In the light of embryological
      knowledge about the morphogenesis of Fallot's tetralogy there are good
      explanations for the various modes of clinical presentation. Patients with
      extreme cyanosis in the newborn period show diffuse hypoplasia of their right
      ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary arteries because of extreme malseptation
      of the conus with anteposition of the infundibular septum. Patients who present
      with cyanosis and blue spells in infancy show infundibular narrowing and dextro-
      and anteposition of the ascending aorta. Conal malseptation together with
      malrotation of the conus seem to be the responsible factors in this patient
      group. Malrotation of the conus without malseptation is probably the mechanism in
      patients who present initially without cyanosis and signs of left to right
      shunting. Anteposition and overriding of the aorta are the initial angiographic
      signs while right ventricular hypertrophy producing infundibular narrowing and
      subsequent cyanosis appear later.

PMID- 6448205
TI  - [Radiological diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary stenosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Peripheral pulmonary stenosis is frequently associated with congenital heart
      disease and seen in childhood. It is rather rarely discovered in adult patients.
      In adults, however, it is detected as an isolated congenital deformity or as part
      of generalized congenital cardiovascular disease and may also be caused by
      collagen disease. The chest x-ray and nuclear scan demonstrate the condition, but
      pulmonary angiography is essential for positive confirmation.

PMID- 6448206
TI  - Radiologic patterns of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
AB  - The hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a malformative complex which unfortunately
      can not be treated surgically. This cardiopathy is the result of a serious
      embryogenic error and takes into consideration the different anatomic varieties
      described here. Borderline cases are also noted especially isthmic coarctation of
      the aorta or aortic stenosis in the neonatal period. Though several years ago,
      the diagnosis of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome was made only on pathology,
      it is now possible to make this diagnosis using clinical, laboratory and
      radiologic examinations. However, they are cases that remain difficult to label
      precisely, especially in minor forms and we feel that these deserve hemodynamic
      investigations.

PMID- 6448207
TI  - Noninvasive localization of the aortic arch in infants with tracheoesophageal
      fistula: an experimental study.
AB  - For surgical treatment of patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas the
      localization of the aortic arch is great practical importance. Aortography and CT
      scanning have been advocated as the radiographic techniques of choice. The
      location of the aortic arch can be diagnosed on a chest x-ray by the deviation of
      the trachea alone. A barium swallow is not required. The optimal radiographic
      technique for this purpose was investigated in phantom studies and tested in
      animals and newborns. It is proposed that in addition to the standard chest x-ray
      a high kvp film with hardened beam (1 mm copper -- 1 mm aluminum) be added in
      order to demonstrate the tracheal deviation. The additional x-ray exposure to the
      infant is negligible; and the technique is simple, reliable, and noninvasive.

PMID- 6448208
TI  - [The pathogenesis of spontaneous perirenal haematomas (author's transl)].
AB  - This report deals with two cases of a spontaneous perirenal hematoma. In the
      first case the spontaneous perirenal hematoma resulted from hemorrhages from the
      vessels of the stratum fibrovasculare of the renal capsule. This bleedings led to
      the development of a granulation tissue which in turn is rich in small blood
      vessels. Due to the lytic activities of this granulation tissue the hematomas
      became resorbed and finally are transformed into a big pseudocyst which surrounds
      the lower half of the kidney. On the other hand the new-built vessels of the
      granulation tissue are the source of further bleedings thereby perpetuating the
      process. In the second case the perirenal hematoma resulted from two aneurysms of
      the renal artery. In both cases clinical and radiological investigations had been
      unable to demonstrate the lesion.

PMID- 6448209
TI  - [Investigations concerning the mechanism of contrast damage. The significance
      lipophilia (author's transl)].
AB  - The damaging action on vascular endothelia of meglumin iothalamate and of
      meglumin ioxitalamate was tested on the rat aorta. Ioxitalamate was significantly
      better tolerated than iothalamate. The octanol-water-partition coefficient of
      various contrast media was evaluated by assessing the iodine content of the
      octanol phase after mixing. The coefficients found were about 100 fold lower than
      the coefficients computed by Levitan and Rapoport. The significance of the
      octanol-water-partition coefficient for endothelial injuries caused by contrast
      media is disputed.

PMID- 6448210
TI  - Two new contrast media in peripheral arteriography: a double blind study in
      patients with arterial insufficiency in the legs.
AB  - Two new contrast media, Amipaque (metrizamide, Nyegaard & Co A/S, Oslo) and
      Hexabrix (ioxaglic acid, Laboratoire Guerbet, Paris) were compared in a double
      blind study in patients with arterial insufficiency in the legs. The incidence of
      subjective adverse effects (pain and sensation of heat) was low and similar with
      both contrast agents. Also the effects on heart rate and blood pressure were
      small and transient and similar with both contrast agents.

PMID- 6448211
TI  - [Unusual abscess formation in the posterior mediastinum (author's transl)].
AB  - Pathological processes in the interpleural space appear on x-ray film as space
      occupying growths. The assessment of such processes will always require x-ray
      films of the thoracic organs in two planes, rotating fluoroscopy and spot films
      as well as tomography. Additional information is obtained via oesophagus contrast
      radiography, angiography and mediastinoscopy. Computer tomography, being a non
      invasive method, has proved very effective in such cases. Formation of an abscess
      in the mediastinum is rare, since the usually preceding mediastinitis is fatal
      even before an abscess is formed. In patients from countries where tuberculosis
      is still frequent, the possibility of formation of a cold abscess via
      liquafaction of specifically infected lymph nodes must be included in the
      differential diagnosis of mediastinal enlargement.

PMID- 6448212
TI  - [Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver].

PMID- 6448213
TI  - [Bleeding, small intestinal varices, an unusual complication of portal
      hypertension following abdominal operations].

PMID- 6448214
TI  - [Vascular malformation in the region of the basilar vertebra].

PMID- 6448215
TI  - [Persisting fonticulus metopicus in the adult - possibility of misinterpreting
      skull scintigrams].

PMID- 6448216
TI  - [Miliary pulmonary alveolar mirolithiasis].

PMID- 6448217
TI  - [Reflex action of physical factors in elderly subjects with vertebrogenic pain
      syndrome].

PMID- 6448218
TI  - Gonadal function in trisomy 21.
AB  - Endocrinologic evaluation of 39 patients with trisomy 2 and associated
      hypogonadism demonstrated elevations of follicle-stimulating hormone and
      luteinizing hormone; consequently, it can be concluded that both germinal and
      Leydig cell function are affected. A negative correlation between testicular size
      and plasma follicle-stimulating hormone was documented. Plasma testosterone
      levels were found to be normal in male patients as were estradiol levels in
      female patients with trisomy 21. On the basis of these findings, the simplest and
      most practical diagnostic approach to evaluate germinal cell function appears to
      be a single plasma follicle-stimulating hormone determination supplemented by an
      accurate measurement of testicular volume in males.

PMID- 6448219
TI  - Splenic regulation of cell-mediated immunity to Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - Splenectomized mice are more resistant than normal mice to infection by Listeria
      monocytogenes. The nature of splenic regulation of cell mediated immunity to
      Listeria was investigated. Splenectomized mice were reconstituted with normal
      syngeneic spleen cells and normal plasma from Listeria-stimulated normal donors
      to determine if suppression of resistance in normal mice was cellular or humoral.
      Mice receiving spleen cells showed no decreased resistance, but mice receiving
      plasma showed decreased resistance as determined from bacterial numbers in the
      liver. The suppressive effect was associated with plasma components having a
      molecular weight less than 10,000. The data suggest that a suppressor factor is
      produced by spleen associated cells in response to stimulation of the cell
      mediated immune system.

PMID- 6448220
TI  - Suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulin biosynthesis by a soluble factor: T-cell
      dependent and T-cell independent mitogens.
AB  - When normal human spleen cells are pulsed with concanavalin A (Con A), a portion
      become suppressor cells which in co-culture can inhibit immunoglobulin synthesis
      by other normal spleen cells stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). One mechanism
      whereby these Con-A activated spleen cells suppress Ig synthesis appears to be by
      the secretion of a soluble suppressor factor(s) since supernatants of Con-A
      stimulated splenocytes also suppress the polyclonal synthesis of immunoglobulin
      by human spleen cells. In this study, we report that supernatants of Con-A
      activated spleen cells suppress the in vitro synthesis of IgG, IgM and IgA by
      human spleen cells cultured with PWM. Our results indicate that the soluble
      suppressor factor(s) blocks an early stage in the differentiation of B
      lymphocytes into plasma cells without affecting the synthesis and secretion of
      immunoglobulin by more mature lymphocytes which appear to be irreversibly
      committed toward the pathway of synthesizing immunoglobulin. In addition, we
      studied the ability of normal human spleen cells to synthesize polyclonal
      immunoglobulin when cultured with either the T-cell dependent PWM or T-cell
      independent mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Nocardia. Our results
      demonstrate that normal human splenic mononuclear cells cultured with either
      Nocardia, LPS or PWM are significantly stimulated to synthesize polyclonal IgG,
      IgM and IgA. Furthermore, supernatants of Con-A activated human spleen cells
      suppressed the polyclonal synthesis of these three antibody classes by human
      spleen cells responding to either T-cell dependent or independent mitogens.

PMID- 6448221
TI  - Viral abrogation of lymphocyte mitogenesis: induction of a soluble factor
      inhibitory to cellular proliferation.
AB  - PHA and Con A-driven mitogenesis of mouse C3H lymphocytes can be inhibited by co
      incubation with a variety of different virus particles. These effects appear
      independent of infection, and can be obtained using UV-inactivated virus. Viruses
      may be added to spleen cell cultures as late as 46 h after co-incubation with
      mitogen, and still achieve significant inhibition of proliferative
      responsiveness. The described inhibition is apparently mediated, in part at
      least, by a soluble factor which is induced in splenic cultures following
      interaction with virus particles. This factor is apparently a product of
      macrophages. It does not posess interferon activity, but does have the ability to
      inhibit lectin- and alloantigen-driven mitogenesis, as measured in fresh cultures
      of splenic lymphocytes and in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction,
      respectively. Moreover, addition of virus to splenic cultures can apparently
      activate suppressor lymphocytes with the ability to inhibit proliferative
      responsiveness of fresh lymphocyte suspensions in the presence of Con A.

PMID- 6448222
TI  - The surface phenotype of a suppressor cell of delayed-type hypersensitivity in
      the mouse.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to horse red blood cells was induced in
      cyclophosphamide-treated CBA/H mice. The DTH reaction, represented by an increase
      (0 x 8--1 x 0 mm) in footpad thickness 24 h after secondary challenge, could be
      suppressed by the adoptive transfer of 10(7) splenic lymphocytes from syngeneic
      mice primed with 10(9) HRBC. The surface antigenic phenotype of the suppressor
      cell was determined by the formation of EA, EAC, or Ig rosettes followed by
      depleting the rosetted populations on Isopaque-Ficoll. The suppressor cell was
      found to be Ig-, FcR- and CR-, although some suppression was observed with FcR+
      cells. Cell depletions with cytotoxic alloantisera and rabbit complement further
      characterized the suppressor cell as being Thy-1+, Ly-1+, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5+, 6+, 7-,
      Ia- and IJ-. This cell surface phenotype if unique and differs from the Ly-1-,
      2+, 3+, I-J+ suppressor cell of antibody formation and from the recently
      described Ly-+, 2+, 3+ feedback suppressor T cell.

PMID- 6448223
TI  - Hypertension.

PMID- 6448224
TI  - Looking toward the future.

PMID- 6448225
TI  - A rural health perspective: principles for rural health policy.

PMID- 6448226
TI  - Relationship between traits of Kentucky physicians and their practice areas.

PMID- 6448227
TI  - Estimating hospital costs by diagnosis group.

PMID- 6448228
TI  - Judicial standards and the financing of mental health services.

PMID- 6448229
TI  - Comparison of mezlocillin, piperacillin, Bay k 4999 with carbenicillin and
      ticarcillin against enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five penicillins (carbenicillin,
      ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and Bay k 4999) against Escherichia coli,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, indole positive
      Proteus sp. and Enterobacter species was determined by an agar dilution method.
      Bay k 4999 and piperacillin were found to be the most active of the semi
      synthetic penicillins tested against P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Bay k
      4999 was slightly more active than piperacillin against E. coli, about as active
      as piperacillin against Pseudomonas, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and indole
      positive Proteus, but more active than piperacillin against Enterobacter species.

PMID- 6448230
TI  - Density gradient electrophoresis of mouse spleen lymphocytes. Differential
      mobilities of macrophages, responding and stimulating cells in mixed lymphocyte
      culture.
AB  - Preparative density gradient electrophoresis has been employed for the separation
      of BALB/c mouse spleen T and B lymphocytes, on the basis of their surface charge.
      The high mobility cells were found to be predominantly T lymphocytes, whereas the
      low mobility cells were B lymphocytes. One way mixed lymphocyte cultures were
      prepared using electrophoretically separated BALB/c lymphocytes, either as
      responding or stimulating cells and unfractionated CBA/H/T6j mouse spleen
      lymphocytes, in the appropriate combination. The responding lymphocytes were
      found only among the high mobility cells which are primarily T lymphocytes. In
      contrast, the stimulating cells were found in the intermediate and low mobility
      fractions which contain the B lymphocytes and macrophages. Minimal stimulation in
      mixed lymphocyte culture was observed by T cells in this allogeneic system. Ia
      positive cells were found only in the intermediate and low mobility fractions,
      which exhibited the capacity to stimulate allogeneic cells in MLC. Macrophages,
      identified by nonspecific esterase staining, exhibited intermediate
      electrophoretic mobility, their peak height coinciding with the maximum observed
      stimulation.

PMID- 6448231
TI  - Aspects of cutaneous androgen-dependent syndromes.

PMID- 6448232
TI  - [Problems in the demonstration immune complexes].

PMID- 6448233
TI  - Studies on protein binding of antibiotics. I. Effect of cefazolin on protein
      binding and pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone.
AB  - The effect of cefazolin (CEZ) on the protein binding and the pharmacokinetics of
      cefoperazone (T-1551) was investigated. For the simultaneous determination of T
      1551 and CEZ, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. The extent of
      protein binding, the number of binding sites and the association constant to
      human serum albumin were 90.4%, 0.87 and 2.16 X 10(4) in T-1551, and 89.2%, 0.78
      and 2.46 X 10(4) in CEZ, respectively. T-1551 and CEZ appeared to bind to the
      same site on the protein, since each drug competitively inhibited the binding of
      the other to serum protein. The mode of the binding of T-1551 to serum protein
      was similar to that of CEZ. When T-1551 and CEZ were co-administered, the serum
      level of T-1551 was lower than that with the single administration, while,
      urinary excretion was higher. These results suggested that the concomitantly
      administered drugs influenced one another's binding to serum protein in vivo and
      subsequently an increase in the concentration of the unbound drug in the serum
      made the drug available for glomerular filtration. It seemed that the high
      protein binding of T-1551 to serum was an important factor affecting its
      pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 6448234
TI  - The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Area Health Education Centers
      Program.

PMID- 6448235
TI  - An update on myelography.

PMID- 6448236
TI  - Pediatric review: Urinary tract infection in childhood.

PMID- 6448237
TI  - The Arkansas model: statewide cooperation.

PMID- 6448238
TI  - Focal hyperirritability of tissues is a clinical fact.

PMID- 6448239
TI  - Arkansas' high risk registry: early identification of infant deafness.

PMID- 6448240
TI  - A retrospective investigation of the relationship between perinatal health care
      and developmental disabilities in Arkansas. Perinatal health and developmental
      disabilities.

PMID- 6448241
TI  - The role of lip adhesion in cleft lip repair.

PMID- 6448242
TI  - Extremity splinting-part I "the upper extremity".

PMID- 6448243
TI  - Development and the environment.

PMID- 6448244
TI  - Immunology and antibodies.

PMID- 6448245
TI  - Ileo-colic intussusception masquerading as midgut volvulus.

PMID- 6448246
TI  - History of allergy. University of Arkansas School of Medicine.

PMID- 6448247
TI  - What can the clinician expect from the chemotherapy of tumors of the breast,
      colon, and lung?

PMID- 6448248
TI  - Repression of nitrate reductase activity and loss of antigenically detectable
      protein in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether conditions which cause the rapid
      loss of nitrate reductase activity in Neurospora crassa mycelia were accompanied
      by the loss of antigenically detectable nitrate reductase protein. When mycelia
      with nitrate reductase activity were transferred to ammonia media, there was a
      rapid loss in the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-nitrate reductase
      activity plus the parallel loss of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      diaphorase and the reduced methyl viologen-nitrate reductase activities
      associated with the nitrate reductase. In addition, there was the loss of cross
      reacting material to anti-nitrate reductase antisera that was concomitant with
      the loss of nitrate reductase activity. When mycelia were exposed to either
      ammonia plus cycloheximide, nitrate plus cycloheximide, or nitrogen-free media,
      or to media which lacked an assimilable carbon source, the amount of cross
      reacting material declined in concert with the nitrate reductase activity. The
      mutant nit-6, which lacks nitrite reductase activity, was exposed to ammonia or
      nitrate plus cycloheximide media. The nitrate reductase and the amount of cross
      reacting material declined together as in the wild-type mycelia. We conclude that
      the loss of nitrate reductase activity was accompanied by the specific loss of
      this protein and that no pool of inactivated nitrate reductase molecules existed.

PMID- 6448249
TI  - Regulation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid
      synthetases in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The production of cytoplasmic leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
      activity was found to be reciprocally proportional to that of the corresponding
      mitochondrial enzyme during logarithmic growth of strains of Neurospora crassa
      with normal mitochondria. In the presence of cni-3 mutant mitochondria,
      production of mitochondrial enzyme activity was greatly increased whereas
      cytoplasmic enzyme production remained constant. The effect of cni-3 on the yield
      of the two enzyme activities indicated that the regulatory mechanism involved is
      a complicated one that cannot be accounted for by the relatively simple
      transcription competition model proposed previously.

PMID- 6448250
TI  - Process of attachment of phi X174 parental DNA to the host cell membrane.
AB  - The phi X174-DNA membrane complex was isolated from Escherichia coli infected
      with phi X174 am3 by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation followed by zone
      electrophoresis. The phi X174 DNA-membrane complex banded at two positions,
      intermediate density membrane fraction and cytoplasmic membrane fraction, having
      bouyant densities of 1.195 and 1.150 g/ml, respectively. Immediately after
      infection with phi X147, replicating DNA was pulse-labeled and then the
      incorporated label was chased. The radioactivity initially recovered in the
      intermediate density membrane fraction migrated to the cytoplasmic membrane
      fraction. The DNAs from both complexes sedimented mainly at the position of
      parental replicative form I (RFI). The phi X174 DNA-membrane complex contained a
      speficic membrane-bound protein having a molecular weigth of 80,000 which is
      accumulated in the host DNA-membrane complex. These results suggest that when phi
      X174 DNA penetrated into cells in the early phase of infection, single-stranded
      circular DNA was converted to parental RFI at a wall/membrane adhesion region and
      migrated to the cytoplasmic membrane fraction, where the parental RF could serve
      as a template in the replication of progeny RF.

PMID- 6448251
TI  - Comparative studies on the effects of linoleate and methyl linoleate and their
      hydroperoxides on the respiration and reactivities of rat heart mitochondria.
AB  - Linoleate hydroperoxide and linoleate at concentrations of 100-140 nmol-mg
      protein activated state 4 respiration of rat heart mitochondria 4.2-fold,
      increased the apparent enthalpy change of the respiration per gram atom of oxygen
      consumed from -148 to -226 kJ/O and completely inhibited oxidative
      phosphorylation. Methyl linoleate hydroperoxide or methyl linoleate did not show
      the same effects. Further addition of linoleate hydroperoxide or linoleate
      induced oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase to a level 5 or 2 times, respectively,
      that obtained with 120 muM dinitrophenol, accompanied by clearing of the
      mitochondrial suspension and release of malate dehydrogenase from the matrix.
      Methyl linoleate hydroperoxide had the same effects except that the induced Mg
      ATPase activity retained oligomycin sensitivity. Methyl linoleate did not show
      either effect.

PMID- 6448252
TI  - Coupling factor F1 ATPase with defective beta subunit from a mutant of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The defective coupling factor F1 ATPase from a mutant strain (KF11) of
      Escherichia coli was purified to a practically homogeneous form. The final
      specific activity of Mg2+-ATPase was 6-9 units/mg protein, which is about 10-15
      times lower than that of F1 ATPase from the wild-type strain. The mutant F1 had a
      ratio of Ca2+-ATPase to Mg2+-ATPase of about 3.5, whereas the wild-type F1 had
      ratio of about 0.8. The mutant F1 was more unstable than wild-type F1: on storage
      at -80 degrees C for 2 weeks, about 80% of its activity (dependent on Ca2+ or
      Mg2+) was lost, whereas none of the activity of the wild-type F1 was lost. The
      following results indicate that the mutation is in the beta subunit. (i) High
      Mg2+-ATPase activity (about 20 units/mg protein) was reconstituted when the beta
      subunit from wild type F1 was added to dissociated mutant F1 and the mixture was
      dialyzed against buffer containing ATP and Mg2+. (ii) Low ATPase activity having
      the same ratio of Ca2+-ATPase to Mg2+-ATPase as the mutant F1 was reconstituted
      when a mixture of the beta subunit from the mutant F1 and the alpha and gamma
      subunits from wild-type F1 was dialyzed against the same buffer. (iii) Tryptic
      peptide analysis of the beta subunit of the mutant showed a difference in a
      single peptide compared with the wild-type strain.

PMID- 6448253
TI  - A DNA methylase from Thermus thermophilus HB8.
AB  - A DNA methylase was purified in a homogeneous state from a extremely thermophilic
      bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB8, by chromatography on, successively,
      phosphocellulose, CM-cellulose, and heparin-Sepharose. The molecular weight of
      the enzyme was determined to be about 44,000 by gel filtration on a Sephadex G
      100 column and 41,000 by SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and these
      findings suggest a single polypeptide enzyme. The enzyme develops maximum
      activity around pH 7.4 and at 70 degrees C. Enzymatic activity is completely
      inhibited by 0.2 M NaCl or 2 mM HgCl2. The enzyme transfers methyl groups from S
      adenosyl-L-methionine to a double stranded DNA. The sole product of the reaction
      was identified as N-6-methyl adenine after hydrolysis of the DNA with formic
      acid. The enzyme kinetics obey the Michaelis-Menten equation and Km values for S
      adenosylmethionine and lambda phage DNA were determined to be 0.8 muM and 10
      microgram/ml, respectively. The enzyme does not transfer methyl groups to TthHB8I
      endonuclease digested DNA as well as the host (T. thermophilus HB8) DNA. The
      number of methyl groups of the fully methylated phiX174 RF DNA was about twice as
      many as TthHB8I endonuclease sites on the DNA. The distribution of the methyl
      groups of phiX174 RF DNA among the HaeIII fragments was the same as that of
      TthHB8I endonuclease sites, suggesting that this DNA methylase is the other
      component of the modification-restriction system including TthHB8I endonuclease.
      The enzyme probably recognizes the sequence, 5'-TCGA-3', in a double stranded DNA
      and probably methylates adenine in the above sequence.

PMID- 6448254
TI  - Calcium regulation in clam foot muscle. Calcium sensitivity of clam foot myosin.
AB  - 1. The ATPase activity of clam foot myosin alone in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2
      was activated approximately ten-fold by 10 muM free calcium ions. The calcium
      activation was observed in various concentrations of KCl (35-600 mM) and ATO (1
      muM-1 mM), and at various pHs (pH 6-9.4). 2. The superprecipitation and ATPase
      activities of clam foot myosin B were studied by conducting experiments in two
      different ways. In one of these, the ATP concentration was varied at a fixed
      concentration of MgCl2, and in the other, the MgCl2 concentration was varied at a
      fixed concentration of ATP. The following was found: (a) The activities responded
      in a biphasic manner to change in either the ATP or MgCl2 concentration, giving a
      peak activity around 10 muM ATP or MgCl2. It is thus suggested that Mg-ATP
      complex is responsible for both activation and inhibition in the biphasic
      response. (b) When the ATP or MgCl2 concentration was higher than 100-300 muM,
      practically no superprecipitation occurred in either the presence or absence of
      calcium, whereas the ATPase activity was still strongly activated by calcium. 3.
      Similar results to those described above (a, b) were obtained by using rabbit
      skeletal actoclam foot myosin in place of clam foot myosin B. Moreover, it was
      found that as the ATP concentration increased from 1 muM to 1 mM, Mg-ATPase
      activity of clam foot myosin in the presence of calcium increased in a monophasic
      manner and that it was as active as actomyosin in the presence of calcium when
      the ATP concentration was higher than approximately 200 muM. In other words,
      actin-activation of myosin-ATPase was absent in the ATP concentration where no
      superprecipitation of actomyosin was observed. 4. Clam foot myosin contained two
      types of light chain subunits: LCl (17,000 daltons) and LC2 (16,000 daltons).
      Only LC1 was removed upon washing clam myosin with 10 mM EDTA, and removal of LC1
      resulted in loss of the calcium sensitivity of actomyosin-ATPase. 5. In our
      previous report (J. Biochem. 85, 1543-1546, 1979), it was shown that removal of
      LC1 from clam foot myosin also resulted in loss of the superprecipitation
      activity of actomyosin reconstituted from "EDTA-washed" myosin. We now provide
      further evidence that removal of the regulatory light chain (LC1) results in a
      reversible uncoupling of ATPase reaction from superprecipitation reaction.

PMID- 6448255
TI  - Leakage across the premoulded dacron baffle used for correction of transposition
      of the great arteries.
AB  - The use of a pre-moulded dacron baffle, as described by Dillard, and used as an
      interatrial baffle in transposition of the great arteries resulted in an
      extensive leakage of blood through the baffle for several days. Pre-clotting of
      the baffle on one occasion only was ineffective in preventing the leakage. But
      complete sealing was effected by pre-clotting three times according to the method
      of Sauvage. These clinical findings were confirmed by microscopic analysis. A
      porous baffle way will be an advantage in patients with pulmonary hypertension
      when it would act as a safety valve.

PMID- 6448256
TI  - Interactions of dynein arms with b subfibers of Tetrahymena cilia: quantitation
      of the effects of magnesium and adenosine triphosphate.
AB  - Tetrahymena 30S dynein was extracted with 0.5 M KCl and tested for retention of
      several functional properties associated wtih its in situ force-generating
      capacity. The dynein fraction will rebind to extracted outer doublets in the
      presence of Mg2+ to restore dynein arms. The arms attach at one end to the A
      subfiber and form bridges at the other end to the B subfiber of an adjacent
      doublet. Recombined arms retain an ATPase activity that remains coupled to
      potential generation of interdoublet sliding forces. To examine important aspects
      of the dynein-tubulin interaction that we presume are directly related to the
      dynein force-generating cross-bridge cycle, a simple and quantitative
      spectrophotometric assay was devised for monitoring the associations between
      isolated 30S dynein and the B subfiber. Utilizing this assay, the binding of
      dynein to B subfibers was found to be dependent upon divalent cations, saturating
      at 3 mM Mg2+. Micromolar concentrations of MgATP2- cause the release of dynein
      from the B subfiber; however, not all of the dynein bound under these conditions
      is released by ATP. ATP-insensitive dynein binding results from dynein
      interactions with non-B-tubule sites on outer-doublet and central-pair
      microtubules and from ATP-insensitive binding to sites on the B subfiber.
      Vanadate over a wide concentration range (10(-6)-10(-3) M) has no effect on the
      Mg2+-induced binding of dynein or its release by MgATP2-, and was used to inhibit
      secondary doublet disintegration in the suspensions. In the presence of 10 microM
      vanadate, dynein is maximally dissociated by MgATP2- concentrations greater than
      or equal to 1 microM with half-maximal release at 0.2 microM. These binding
      properties of isolated dynein arms closely resemble the cross-bridging behavior
      of in situ dynein arms reported previously, suggesting that quantitative studies
      such as those presented here may yield reliable information concerning the
      mechanism of force generation in dynein-microtubule motile systems. The results
      also suggest that vanadate may interact with an enzyme-product complex that has a
      low affinity for tubulin.

PMID- 6448257
TI  - The effects of spectinomycin and ethidium bromide on the synthesis of organelle
      rRNA and on ultrastructure in Ochromonas danica.
AB  - The effects of 24-h exposure to spectinomycin (100 microgram/ml) and ethidium
      bromide (1 microgram/ml) on the accumulation of chloroplast and mitochondrial
      rRNAs and on organelle ultrastructure were studied in greening cells of
      Ochromonas danica. Cells treated with ethidium bromide for 24 h divide at the
      same rate as controls but contain less than one third the normal amount of
      mitochondrial rRNA. Ultrastructural observations showed that these cells contain
      only 10% the number of mitochondrial ribosomes found in controls as well as fewer
      mitochondrial cristae. Ethidium bromide has no effect on chloroplast
      ultrastructure in Ochromonas. Greening cells treated with spectinomycin grow at
      close to control rates but contain 30-40% less chloroplast rRNA than do controls.
      Electron microscopy showed that spectinomycin disrupts the organization of
      chloroplast membranes and reduces the number of chloroplast ribosomes by 30%.
      Under these conditions, spectinomycin has no effect on mitochondrial rRNA or
      ultrastructure. Since spectinomycin is a specific inhibitor of translation on 70S
      ribosomes, these results are consistent with the possibility that at least some
      chloroplast ribosomal proteins are synthesized in the chloroplast of Ochromonas.

PMID- 6448258
TI  - [Experimental staphylococcal colonization of a Dacron arterial prosthesis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Infection is certainly the most dramatic complication of reconstructive vascular
      surgery, even after long periods following the operation. A hematogenous
      mechanism is often implicated in late infections ; colonization of an arterial
      graft appears to depend on the material used and cicatrization processes. Animal
      studies have the disadvantage of requiring repeated operations. We have developed
      an in vitro infusion system in order to reproduce the bacteremic phenomenon, and
      to study the conditions necessary for colonization by a staphylococcus of a
      textile prosthesis (Dacron) in velvet, placed in the "Ex vivo" circulation of a
      dog for 2 hours. The prosthetic material is colonized very much more easily than
      a fragment of aorta used a control. The bacterial deposit (y) is a linear
      function of the inoculum (x) and, by approximation, y = 10(4) x (p 0.01).
      Colonization is independent of the infusion rate when this varies between 5 and
      20 cm/sec. The reproducibility of the results, their quantification, and the ease
      with which these tests can be employed suggest that such models could be used to
      assess resistance to bacterial colonization of various materials used for
      arterial substitution.

PMID- 6448259
TI  - [On preclotting of woven Dacron vascular prostheses (author's transl)].
AB  - The role and the clinical value of common protocols of preclotting for a woven
      Dacron vascular prosthesis have been investigated. A comparative study of blood
      loss was carried out for Standard Woven De Bakey protheses inserted in a
      specially constructed extracorporeal blood circuit with canine models. The system
      detected transport of blood across the wall of the prostheses. These measurements
      were supplemented by gravimetric assessment of blood clot density and scanning
      electronmicroscopy examination of the internal surfaces of the prostheses. The
      pre-operative protocols investigated included : absence of pre-treatment,
      precoagulation with anticoagulant-free blood and various techniques using
      heparinized blood subsequent to an initial blood contact (modified method of
      Sauvage). The effect of using heparinized animals was also investigated. Leakages
      in unclotted prostheses could be reduced almost five fold by any precoagulation
      technique. Heparinization did not cause a significant increase in leakage and
      considerably improved the quality of the newly deposited blood product lining on
      the prostheses which consisted almost entirely of fibrin and eliminated any
      embolization.

PMID- 6448260
TI  - The management of families with Huntington's chorea: a case study to illustrate
      some recommendations.

PMID- 6448261
TI  - Subnormal plasma adrenal androgen levels in men with uremia.
AB  - The 24-h mean plasma concentrations of 8 hormones were measured in 11 men with
      chronic uremia and 32 normal men. Our findings confirm previous reports of
      subnormal levels of testosterone, T3, and T4 and elevated levels of LH, PRL, and
      cortisol. In addition, we observed a new finding: markedly subnormal levels of
      the adrenal androgens dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and DHA sulfate. The mean DHA
      level in the patients was 164 +/- 46 (SD) ng/dl, compared with 320 +/- 124 in age
      matched controls (P < 0.0001); the geometric mean DHA sulfate level was 40
      micrograms/dl (95% confidence limits, 11-113) in the patients and 76
      micrograms/dl (95% confidence limits, 26-214) in age-matched controls (P =
      0.005). The depression of adrenal androgen levels in the face of elevated
      cortisol levels suggests a biosynthetic block in the adrenal cortex at the step
      where the C-19 and C-21 pathways diverge, namely the removal of the 2-carbon side
      chain by C-17, 20-lyase. If a similar defect were present in the testes, it could
      account for the diminished synthesis of testosterone, which is a further
      metabolite of DHA in the testes.

PMID- 6448262
TI  - Androgens in pubertal males with Addison's disease.
AB  - The time of onset and progression of pubertal development has been documented in
      seven male patients with Addison's disease. Two patients developed associated
      autoimmune problems before puberty and were excluded from further study. The mean
      age of the onset of puberty among the remaining five patients was 12.3 +/- 0.4
      yr, not different than the 11.4 +/- 0.4 yr reported for normal American boys.
      Integrated plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were also
      determined in three Addisonian patients who had no associated autoimmune disease
      before puberty and their study date. Results were compared with integrated plasma
      levels from three other groups: four agonadal males, four normal adult males, and
      three pubertal boys. Integrated plasma levels of these steroids confirm that in a
      male, testosterone is essentially testicular in origin, dehydroepiandrosterone is
      mainly adrenal in origin, and androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone are
      derived from both sources.

PMID- 6448263
TI  - Induced human gestational hypoprolactinemia: lack of action on fetal adrenal
      androgen synthesis.
AB  - To investigate the possible role of PRL in the control of fetal adrenal function,
      blood samples were collected from maternal peripheral and cord blood from six
      women at delivery, who had received treatment with bromocriptine (3.75--35 mg
      daily) for the entire gestation. A group of eight untreated parturients served as
      control. Parameters measured were PRL and dehydroepiandrosterone, the latter as
      an indicator of fetal adrenal function. PRL was significantly suppressed (P <
      0.002), whereas dehydroepiandrosterone was not influenced by bromocriptine
      treatment. The results indicate that the control of fetal production of
      androgenic substrate by the adrenals is not specifically PRL dependent.

PMID- 6448264
TI  - Treatment of hirsutism by oral cyproterone acetate and percutaneous estradiol.
AB  - Twenty hirsute women were treated with 50 mg cyproterone acetate orally,
      administered from the 5th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle, along with 3 mg
      17 beta-estradiol administered percutaneously from days 16-25. Percutaneously
      administered 17 beta-estradiol was used rather than ethinylestradiol in order to
      avoid the side effects of oral administration of synthetic estrogens. From a
      clinical point of view there was a dramatic improvement of hirsutism after 3-6
      months of treatment. Biologically, plasma testosterone decreased markedly (P <
      0.01) from 64.6 +/- 24.2 ng/dl (n = 20) to 25.2 +/- 11.8 (n = 20), 26.1 +/- 16.6
      (n = 16), and 13.3 +/- 10.8 ng/dl (n = 14) after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment.
      There was also a significant decrease in delta 4-androstenedione from 251.0 +/-
      110.2 ng/dl to 129.9 +/- 66.5, 114.2 +/- 45.8, and 62.0 +/- 21.5 ng/dl after the
      same periods. From these results it may be assumed that this therapeutic
      combination has an antigonadotropic effect, as confirmed by the decrease in
      plasma estradiol, FSH, and LH and the absence of a significant progesterone level
      in all cases. Plasma and urinary cortisol, lipids, and hepatic tests remained
      normal. The good clinical and biological tolerance of this treatment makes it
      interesting to consider for use in the management of hirsutism.

PMID- 6448265
TI  - Growth hormone polypeptides stimulate proliferation of K562 human erythroleukemia
      cells.
AB  - The growth-promoting effect of growth hormones and related polypeptides was
      examined in vitro with a clonogenic assay using human erythroleukemic cells
      (K562). The erythroleukemia cells were grown in a serum-substituted
      methylcellulose culture system and colonies counted after 4 days' incubation.
      Human growth hormone (hGH) was a potent stimulant for K562 cell growth (60%
      augmentation). The cys(Cam)53-hGH(1-134) fragment of hGH and human chorionic
      somatomammotropin had less than half the activity of the intact hGH molecule.
      Bovine growth hormone was inactive in enhancing K562 colony formation. K562 cell
      proliferation was stimulated by hGH at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml.
      Insulin stimulated K562 cell proliferation most effectively at a concentration of
      1 ng/ml. The K562 culture system may conveniently be employed for determining the
      in vitro bioactivity of hGH.

PMID- 6448266
TI  - Immunoregulation abnormalities in familial Addison's disease.
AB  - Three brothers, two with Addison's disease and a monozygous twin discordant for
      adrenal insufficiency, presented an unique opportunity to evaluate the endocrine
      and immunological abnormalities associated with this disorder. None of the
      brothers had clinical evidence of other autoimmune disease. However, each of the
      twins had elevated titers of antihydroglobulin and antiparietal cell antibodies,
      and both Addisonian siblings had cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies. We evaluated
      the ability of nonspecific Concanavalin A-activated suppressor cells from all
      three siblings to inhibit immunoglobulin biosynthesis by pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated B cells, cell proliferation by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T cells,
      and the proliferative response of an allogenic mixed lymphocyte culture. In
      comparison to normal controls, suppressor cells from the Addisonian siblings were
      less efficient in inhibiting both B and T cell activities. The nonAddisoninan
      twin had a lesser degree of impaired suppressor cell function to the B and T cell
      targets. Suppressor cell activity, as measured by the ability to inhibit
      proliferation within the mixed lymphocyte culture, was normal in all three
      siblings. The relationship of suppressor cell dysfunction, genetic
      predisposition, and the expression of the autoimmune state are discussed.

PMID- 6448267
TI  - Suppressor cell regulation of cell-mediated immune responses in renal infection
      in vitro modulation of suppressor cell activity.
AB  - Infection-induced anergy is a frequent complication of bacterial, viral, and
      parsitic infection. A marked suppression of the thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte
      response to concanavalin A has been demonstrated in vitro during renal infection
      and the mechanisms by which suppression occurs have been investigated. In
      particular we have considered the possibility that suppression might result from
      the inhibitory effect of prostaglandins, secreted by activated macrophages with
      immunoregulatory potential. The experiments have shown that the T-lymphocyte
      effector status in experimentally-induced renal infection is determined by two
      suppressor cells, one infection-induced and the other naturally occurring. The
      inability to respond to mitogenic stimulation was reversible and restoration of
      immune responsiveness to splenic lymphocytes from infected animals could be
      achieved in two stepwise manipulations; differential centrifugation removed the
      infection-induced suppressor cells, and the suppressor activity of the naturally
      occurring suppressor cells could then be inhibited by indomethacin. Thus the two
      suppressor cells were distinguishable on the basis of their physical
      characteristics and their response to indomethacin. The dominant factor
      determining the immune responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes from the
      pyelonephritic animals was, however, the infection-induced suppressor cell. This
      cell has been characterized as a sedimentable cell (30 g) with suppressor
      activity demonstrable in co-culture experiments. Plastic-adherent cells from the
      sedimentable fraction of pyelonephritic animals' splenic cells were shown to have
      suppressor activity that was not inhibited by indomethacin. The infection-induced
      and naturally occurring suppressor cells can be viewed as prototypes for the
      equivalent cells in man and may be useful models for studying the role of these
      cells as determinants in the pathogenesis of infectious disease.

PMID- 6448268
TI  - Spectrum of immunodeficiencies with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The role of six suppressor mechanisms upon T and B cell responses was studied on
      17 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. Proliferative hyporesponsiveness to
      mitogen was greatly impaired in 8 of the 13 patients. 10 of these patients had an
      excessive degree of suppression by cells that adhered to foreign surfaces.
      Suppression by adherent cells correlated with impairment of proliferative
      responses and, in some instances, suppression was largely inhibited with
      indomethacin. Likewise, adherent cells suppressed immunoglobulin synthesis. A
      correlation was evident between suppression of T and B cell responses by adherent
      mononuclear leukocytes from individual patients. This suppression coincided with
      elevated percentages of monocytes in the patient mononuclear cell preparations.
      This excess of monocytes was not the result of a circulating monocytosis. The
      monocyte excess may have been acquired during isopyknic cell separation. A second
      form of suppression was observed in 5 of the 11 patients affected by a lymphocyte
      that neither adhered to glass wool nor required preactivation. It did not inhibit
      allogeneic lymphocytes, which contrasts with the suppressor abnormality of
      monocytoid cells.

PMID- 6448269
TI  - Comparison of the glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans gs-5 to a non
      cariogenic mutant.
AB  - The extracellular glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzymes of Streptococcus mutans GS-5
      and avirulent mutant GS-511 were fractionated using agarose and DEAE-cellulose
      columns. GTF of GS-5 produced both water-soluble and -insoluble glucans, while
      those of GS-511 made soluble products almost exclusively. Nearly all (98%) of the
      small amount of insoluble GTF enzyme made by GS-511 was bound to the cell wall.

PMID- 6448270
TI  - Flow microfluorometric analysis of cellular DNA: Critical comparison of
      mithramycin and propidium iodide.
AB  - Mithramycin and propidium iodide were used to stain HeLa cells, human lymphoma
      cells, and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes for flow microfluorometric
      analysis of cellular DNA. The stains provided similar estimates for the
      proliferative fraction of the populations. However, significant differences in
      the relative fluorescent intensity were demonstrated in the three cell
      populations. Fluorescent intensity of HeLa and lymphoma cells stained with
      mithramycin was higher than matched propidium iodide-stained cells. Normal
      lymphocytes showed greater fluorescent intensity when stained with propidium
      iodide. Differences in the staining behavior of these two dyes may prove to be
      highly informative probes of chromatin structural differences.

PMID- 6448271
TI  - An indirect assay for canine leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF):
      demonstration of its species specificity.
AB  - An indirect assay in agarose-gel was developed to measure secretion of leukocyte
      migration inhibitory factor (LIF) by canine lymphocytes. Supernatants from
      cultures of mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated canine peripheral blood
      lymphocytes were assayed for LIF activity using purified granulocytes as
      indicator cells. Canine LIF activity could be detected provided either autologous
      or allogeneic canine granulocytes were used as indicator cells. In contrast,
      canine LIF uniformly failed to inhibit the migration of human granulocytes.
      Likewise, human LIF inhibited the migration of human but not canine granulocytes
      in this assay. The data indicated that this species specificity could be due to
      differences in the structures of LIF receptors on canine and human granulocytes.

PMID- 6448272
TI  - [Present status of pedodontics].

PMID- 6448273
TI  - Brushing to music.

PMID- 6448274
TI  - High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of fibrinogen digestion
      by plasmin.

PMID- 6448275
TI  - Growth of bacteriophage phiX-174 at elevated temperatures.
AB  - The replication of bacteriophage phiX-174 is impaired at temperatures above 40
      degrees C. Mutants (ht) that replicate at high temperature were isolated and
      partially characterized. Wild-type phiX fails to grow at high temperature
      because, unlike the mutants, it does not make appreciable amounts of single
      stranded (ss)DNA. An unusual form of ssDNA, not found in complete virions, is
      described.

PMID- 6448276
TI  - A quantitative comparison of motor and sensory conduction velocities in short-
      and long-term streptozotocin- and alloxan-diabetic rats.
AB  - Motor and sensory conduction velocities were measured in the sural and tibial
      nerves of streptozotocin (stz)-diabetic, alloxan-diabetic, and age-matched
      control rats. Conduction velocity (CV) determinations were made 2 weeks and 2, 4,
      8, and 12 months following the induction of diabetes. CVs of control, stz
      diabetic, and alloxan-diabetic rats were compared at each time period by one way
      analysis of variance and when appropriate by the Newman-Keuls multiple range test
      for multiple comparisons. Reductions of 10-20% in CV of diabetic rats were
      observed in several classes of sensory and motor nerve fibers. Larger reductions
      (31 and 38%) were seen in 2 classes of sensory nerve fibers in 12 month stz
      diabetic rats. Sensory CV was slowed earlier and more frequently than motor CV.
      Differential involvement was also seen among the several classes of sensory nerve
      fibers examined. Slower conducting sensory fibers appeared to be affected earlier
      and more frequently than faster conducting sensory fibers. Comparing alloxan
      diabetic with stz-diabetic rats revealed significant differences in CV 8 months
      after the induction of diabetes. Motor and sensory CVs of the tibial nerve were
      slower in stz-diabetic rats than in alloxan-diabetic rats. In general, the
      neuropathy appeared to be less severe and to develop later in the alloxan
      diabetic rats. These data suggest that the neuropathy of stz- and alloxan
      diabetes is primarily sensory in nature, and that the neuropathy in these 2
      widely used models of diabetes may not be entirely equivalent.

PMID- 6448277
TI  - Myopathy with multiple minicore--report of two siblings.
AB  - Two cases of non-progressive congenital hypotonia are described in siblings, male
      and female, aged 5 and 9 years, respectively, which morphologically correspond to
      myopathy with multicore or minicore. The study of these 2 cases is compared with
      those described in the literature, with special emphasis on the analysis of the
      histochemical picture. The disease in all the cases is defined by the presence of
      multiple small foci of loss of cross striation with loss of activity of
      myofibrillar ATPase and oxidative enzymes. Furthermore, a predominance and
      hypotrophy of type I fibers and in some cases hypertrophy of type II is
      constantly recorded, which is interpreted as an alteration in muscle maturation.
      We review other myopathies described with focal loss of cross-striation which
      associate central nuclei with the myofibrillar lesion, considering them to be
      myopathy with multicore or minicore.

PMID- 6448278
TI  - Vertical cleft through the superior articular process of the lumbar spine:
      fracture or anomaly? Case report.
AB  - A case is reported in which roentgenograms of the lumbar spine showed a vertical
      cleft in the superior articular process of the L-5 vertebra. The cleft seemed to
      be of no clinical significance.

PMID- 6448279
TI  - Effects of chronic ascorbic acid deficiency on guinea pig lysosomal hydrolase
      activities.
AB  - Previously we have observed increased specific activities of several lysosomal
      hydrolases in scorbutic guinea pigs and thus the specificity of this effect was
      examined in guinea pigs marginally deficient in ascorbic acid (AA). Guinea pigs
      were fed an AA-deficient diet for 2 weeks to deplete body AA pools and then fed a
      stock diet containing 0.5 mg AA/g diet or the deficient diet plus oral
      administration of 10 mg AA/day, 1 mg AA/100 g body weight or 0.5 mg AA/100 g body
      weight each day. Animal were periodically killed during the 12-week experiment
      and lysosomes isolated from individual livers and analyzed. Serum and brain AA
      declined when AA was withheld, returned to normal when the stock diet or 10 mg AA
      were fed but remained at low levels on administation of 1.0 mg or 0.5 mg AA/100 g
      body weight. Brain norepinephrine followed a similar pattern to brain AA and was
      opposite to the pattern observed for dopamine. In guinea pigs receiving 1 mg
      AA/100 g body weight, amine concentrations slowly returned to normal after 8
      weeks. Serum hexosaminidase and lysosomal cathepsins A and B were unchanged
      during the experiment, whereas lysosomal hexosaminidase and acid phosphatase were
      significantly higher when the experiment was terminated.

PMID- 6448280
TI  - The neuropathology of intervertebral discs removed for low-back pain.
AB  - Thirty lower lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) removed for low-back pain were
      examined. There is a profuse non-myelinated axonal network and abundant free
      nerve terminals in the outer (lateral) half of the annulus fibrosus. The inner
      annulus and the nucleus pulposus did not contain nerve terminals. No significant
      changes in the nerve networks could be demonstrated in degenerate IVDs: in
      particular, ingrowth of nerve terminals into foci of granulomatous tissue was not
      seen. Early foci of degeneration are clearly shown by Marshall's silver method
      for metalophil cells. Mucinous filaments are argyrophilic and can be mistaken for
      axonal structures in the nucleus pulposus.

PMID- 6448281
TI  - Hypertension in the neonate following closure of abdominal wall defects.

PMID- 6448282
TI  - Properties and drug sensitivity of adenosine triphosphatases from Schistosoma
      mansoni.
AB  - The hydrolysis of ATP was measured in the presence of schistosome homogenates and
      various cations. The enzyme was stimulated strongly by either Ca2+ or Mg2+. Na+
      added to the activation by Ca2+. A minor (17%) component was Na+ + K+ + Mg2+
      dependent and ouabain-sensitive. Praziquantel, niridazole, oxamniquine, and
      hycanthone had no direct effect on the ATPase activity of schistosome
      homogenates. When schistosomes were pretreated with these drugs in vitro, washed
      thoroughly, and then homogenized, hycanthone, praziquantel, and oxamniquine
      caused a reduction in ATPase content of the worms. Niridazole did not share this
      effect. These results suggest that antischistosomal drugs did not directly
      inhibit ATPase, but did reduce ATPase in whole worms, possibly by removing or
      damaging the tegument, which is thought to contain most of the ATPase activity.
      In vitro ATPase measurements may be a useful indicator of pharmacologic activity
      of some types of drugs.

PMID- 6448283
TI  - Salivary immunoglobulins in children with asthma.

PMID- 6448284
TI  - Activation of complement by dental plaque.

PMID- 6448285
TI  - A microbiological study of dental calculus. IV. An electron microscopic study of
      in vitro calcified microorganisms.

PMID- 6448286
TI  - Electron microscope quantitation of inflammatory infiltrates in childhood
      gingivits.

PMID- 6448287
TI  - Cell attachment to demineralized root surfaces in vitro.

PMID- 6448288
TI  - Fine structural observations on the mechanism of loss of attachment during
      experimental periodontal disease in the rat.

PMID- 6448289
TI  - Healing of periodontal connective tissues following surgical wounding and
      application of citric acid in dogs.

PMID- 6448290
TI  - Kielbone in healing interradicular lesions in monkeys.

PMID- 6448291
TI  - The apparent noninvolvement of the B. fragilis group in early periodontal
      disease.

PMID- 6448292
TI  - Lymphocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte-lymphocyte associations in early gingivitis
      in beagle dogs.

PMID- 6448293
TI  - Presidentials address. The importance of clinical investigation in laparoscopy.

PMID- 6448294
TI  - Laparoscopic repair of the prolapsed fallopian tube.

PMID- 6448295
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output during laparoscopy.
AB  - With the use of noninvasive transthoracic impedance cardiography we have
      demonstrated a consistent fall in stroke volume and cardiac output without
      significant clinical changes in heart rate in anesthetized patients undergoing
      laparoscopy. Cardiac output fell to a mean value of 60% in 14 patients undergoing
      laparoscopy and by a mean value of 6% in four patients undergoing laparotomy. The
      intraabdominal pressure did not exceed 20 torr in any laparoscopy patient. Some
      unexplained cardiac arrests during laparoscopy in healthy females may be caused
      by impaired venous return due to the increased intraabdominal pressure of
      pneumoperitoneum. Lethal values of cardiac output could result. The routine use
      of transthoracic impedance cardiography would alert the anesthesiologist to a
      dangerous situation that cannot be determined by current routine monitoring
      practice.

PMID- 6448296
TI  - Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pelvic pain in adolescents.

PMID- 6448297
TI  - Histocompatibility studies in psoriasis vulgaris: family studies.
AB  - A significant correlation between certain histocompatibility antigens, psoriasis
      and psoriatic arthritis is well established. Familial studies of psoriatic
      patients have shown a familial aggregation of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
      In the present investigation, we studied 2 families in which psoriasis and/or
      psoriatic arthritis were seen in several members of different generations. HLA
      typing and mixed lymphocyte culture studies were performed. The results provide
      further documentation of the complexity of the genetic influences in psoriatic
      arthritis and psoriasis.

PMID- 6448298
TI  - Suppressor leukocytes in anergic patients with solid tumors.
AB  - Anergic patients with solid tumors were studied for the presence of suppressor
      cells which could be responsible for their significantly impaired
      phytohemagglutinin induced lymphocyte proliferation. Three types of suppressor
      cell assays were measured. First, no increased activity of prostaglandin
      producing suppressor cells was found in 10 cancer patients. Second, 5 cancer
      patients did not have significantly increased activity of short-lived suppressor
      cells in comparison with normal subjects. Third, no enhanced activity of
      concanavalin A induced suppressor cells was seen in 6 patients. This study
      emphasizes that the in vitro T cell immunodeficiency in this group of cancer
      patients was not due to suppressor cells as measured by conventional in vitro
      assays and emphasizes the potential importance of a loss of responder cells or
      other suppressor mechanisms in immune deficient patients with solid tumors.

PMID- 6448299
TI  - A score based on eight signs in the diagnosis of Down syndrome in the newborn.
AB  - Experience with a score based on eight signs of Down syndrome is described. The
      signs are: (1) abundant neck skin, (2) mouth corners turned downward, (3) general
      hypotonia (4) flat face, (5) dysplastic ear, (6) epicanthic eye-fold, (7) gap
      between first and second toes, (8) protruding tongue. Examination was done in the
      first week of life of the newborn to evaluate his score. About five minutes were
      spent to score a child. An infant with a score of 6, 7, or 8 (showing 6, 7, or 8
      signs) is considered clinically proven Down syndrome. When an infant has a score
      of 0, 1, or 2, the diagnosis is disproved. No false positive or false negative
      were observed among approximately 19,000 liveobrn infants born in this hospital
      in a five-year period (1973--1977). All the thirty infants where the diagnosis
      was considered were karyotyped, twenty-six had regular trisomy 21, and four had a
      normal karyotype. Of the twenty-one initially suspected cases who were checked
      for the score, twenty had a score of 6--8 (all had a karyotype of trisomy 21),
      only one had a score of 0--2 (she had a normal karyotype), and eight had a score
      of 3--5. This last group is heterogenous as it included five affected infants and
      three children with a normal karyotype and is the only group where cytogenetic
      investigation is indicated for diagnostic purposes. It is suggested that this
      score should be used routinely for the clinical evaluation of every newborn where
      the possibility of a diagnosis of Down syndrome has been raised.

PMID- 6448300
TI  - A transdisciplinary approach to meeting the oral hygiene needs of the
      handicapped.

PMID- 6448301
TI  - Stereological measurement of cellular and subcellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia
      in the papillary muscle of adult rat.

PMID- 6448302
TI  - Close-to-life chemical fixation of spatial site of intracellular phage particles.

PMID- 6448304
TI  - Suppressor cells in immunodepressed bladder and prostate cancer patients.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 23 patients with bladder and prostate cancer
      were tested for their ability to respond in vitro to phytohemagglutinin,
      concanavalin A and allogeneic cells. The lymphocyte response was depressed in 15
      patients (65 per cent), 13 with advanced disease, compared to peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from age-matched hospitalized control subjects tested on the same
      day. Furthermore, the hyporesponsive lymphocytes from 11 of the 15 cancer
      patients (73 per cent) inhibited the phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and mixed
      lymphocyte culture reactivity of normal lymphocytes in co-cultures (16 to 78 per
      cent suppression). In contrast, lymphocytes from control donors caused no
      suppression. Incubation of the patients' unseparated peripheral blood lymphocytes
      on plastic to remove adherent cells restored lymphocyte responsiveness and
      eliminated their suppressor activity. Returning the adherent cells to cultures
      with patients' autologous separated and normal lymphocytes recaptured the
      suppressive effect. Pre-incubation of the patients' lymphocytes with concanavalin
      A markedly enhanced their ability to suppress and induced moderate suppressor
      activity by normal lymphocytes. These data suggested that 1 mechanism for the
      depression of cell-mediated immunity seen in patients with advanced urological
      cancer may be owing to non-specific suppressor cells, possibly monocytes.

PMID- 6448303
TI  - Use of lambda pMu bacteriophages to isolate lambda specialized transducing
      bacteriophages carrying genes for bacterial chemotaxis.
AB  - A general method for constructing lambda specialized transducing phages is
      described. The method, which is potentially applicable to any gene of Escherichia
      coli, is based on using Mu DNA homology to direct the integration of a lambda pMu
      phage near the genes whose transduction is desired. With this method we isolated
      a lambda transducing phage carrying all 10 genes in the che gene cluster (map
      location, 41.5 to 42.5 min). The products of the cheA and tar genes were
      identified by using transducing phages with amber mutations in these genes. It
      was established that tar codes for methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein II
      (molecular weight, 62,000) and that cheA codes for two polypeptides (molecular
      weights, 76,000 and 66,000). Possible origins of the two cheA polypeptides are
      discussed.

PMID- 6448305
TI  - Respiratory disability in coal miners.

PMID- 6448306
TI  - Myocardial hypertrophy in the rat. Correlation between two experimental models.
AB  - Two different conditions responsible for cardiac hypertrophy in the rat were
      investigated: the first one is isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarct, the
      second is exposure to hypoxia (0.42 atmospheres/24 h) in hypobaric chamber. To
      demonstrate that in both experimental models stimulation of protein synthesis is
      an absolute requirement to induce cardiac hypertrophy, a variety of techniques
      were employed including: evaluation of dry heart weight value, concentration of
      radiothallium (201T1) in the heart and effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis
      (Puromycin). Experimental results have showed: (A) a significant increase
      (p<0.001 as compared to control group) of dry heart weight values both in
      isoproterenol-treated and hypoxic rats; (B) a significant increase over control
      group (p<0.001) in myocardial 201T1 concentration in isoproterenol-treated rats;
      (C) total inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy in Puromycin treated group subjected
      to hypoxia. Finally, on the basis of different mortality observed in infarcted
      (85.0%) or hypoxic (5.0%) rats treated with Puromycin (40 mg/Kg body weight i.p.)
      a different role of cardiac hypertrophy in 2 experimental conditions is
      postulated: in the case of infarct-like lesions the cardiac hypertrophy has
      compensatory significance; under hypoxic stimulus is only due to increased
      cardiac work.

PMID- 6448307
TI  - [Clinical features and metabolic aspects of red blood cells in Hb Hirosaki
      disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448308
TI  - [Effect of ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000) on the action of various bronchoactive
      agents (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448309
TI  - Induced resistance in normal mice and growth enhancement in tumor-bearing mice by
      inoculation with syngeneic hybrid cells.
AB  - Primary tumor cells (MCT) induced in an inbred C3H mouse by 3-methylcholanthrene
      were fused with 8-azaguanine-resistant L-cells with the use of UV-irradiated HVJ
      (Sendai virus). Two types of hybrid cell clones showing different behavior in
      culture were obtained. Both hybrid cell lines expressed H-2k antigen, tumor cell
      antigen, and L-cell antigen. These hybrid cells failed to produce tumors in
      normal C3H mice after ip or sc inoculations of as many as 10(6) cells. Normal C3H
      mice pretreated with the inocula of viable hybrid cells showed specific
      resistance to the challenge of parental MCT cells. In the Winn test, the effector
      activity was observed in immune lymphoid spleen cells and was not lost by passage
      through a nylon fiber column, but was abrogated by treatment with anti-Thy-1,2
      antiserum and complement. However, inoculation of these hybrid cells in syngeneic
      mice bearing MCT cells enhanced tumor growth. In these mice with enhanced tumor
      growth, generation of cytotoxic T-cells was also observed in the spleen; in sera,
      however, free cytotoxic antibodies to tumor cell surface antigens and antigen
      antibody complexes existed at higher concentrations than in sera of tumor
      bearers. Sera from mice with tumor enhancement interfered with in vitro cellular
      cytotoxicity at the level of both target cells and immune spleen cells.
      Therefore, the inoculation of viable hybrid cells seemed to preferentially
      stimulate cellular immunity in normal mice but accelerated the humoral response
      and subsequently enhanced tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 6448310
TI  - [Interpretation of the ECG changes using the Minnesota code in the presence of
      right-ventricular (high-altitude) cardiac hypertrophy].
AB  - The research showed a high incidence of electrocardiographic signs of hypertrophy
      of the right ventricle of the heart under high-altitude conditions. Code 2-3 was
      found in 49.2% of highlanders examined, code 2-4 in 1.5%, code 3-2 in 17.0%, and
      code 9-4-2 in 54.4%. Some cases of hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the
      heart (code 3-2, approximately 4-5%) are attended by disturbances in the
      repolarization processes in the right chest electrocardiographic leads (code 5-1
      or 5-2). According to the interpretations of the Minnesota code, these shifts
      should be considered ischemic. But information yielded by the Rouz questionnaire,
      the results of clinical examination, and tests with maximum physical load in 8
      persons who had such shifts on the ECG did not confirm the presence of symptoms
      of ischemic heart disease. That is why changes in T wave detected in highland
      aborigenes with marked right-ventricular hypertrophy but no clinical symptoms of
      ischemic heart disease should be accepted as evidence of ischemia. Otherwise, if
      the disturbances in the repolarization processes are interpreted as signs of
      myocardial ischemia, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease among the
      population of the highlands may be overestimated. The introductin of restriction
      in relation to code 3-2 when it is combined with code 5-1 or 5-2 will make it
      possible to study more exactly the true prevalence of ischemic heart disease in
      the presence of hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart.

PMID- 6448311
TI  - [Incidence of hypertension among the men of an industrial enterprise in Minsk].

PMID- 6448312
TI  - [External biliodigestive shunt].

PMID- 6448313
TI  - [Puncture gastrostomy].

PMID- 6448314
TI  - [Extension of a McBurney incision via a staged separation of the muscles and its
      use in difficult appendectomies].

PMID- 6448315
TI  - [Diagnostic potential of emergency laparoscopy in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 6448316
TI  - [Amaurosis fungax. Studies on hemodynamics and platelet function].
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with amaurosis fugax were examined ophthalmologically. In
      12 of these cases carotid occlusion was diagnosed by ophthalmodynamography and
      Doppler ultrasonography of the orbital vessels. Angiographic substantiation was
      possible in nine of these patients. The pathognomonic importance of amaurosis
      fugax for occlusive carotid disease is clearly shown by these findings. The
      plasma concentration of platelet specific proteins was examined in 32 patients
      and found to be pathologically increased in 13 cases. Spontaneous aggregation of
      platelets and circulating platelet aggregates were only found in a few patients.
      Due to the lack of coincidence between the event of amaurosis fugax and the time
      when platelet function tests were made no definite conclusions may be drawn from
      these results. Yet disturbances of platelet function must be taken into
      consideration in the pathogenesis of amaurosis fugax.

PMID- 6448317
TI  - Effect of irradiation on the immunocompetence of peripheral blood and regional
      lymph node lymphocytes in bladder cancer.

PMID- 6448318
TI  - Patency rates of minute vascular replacements: the glutaraldehyde modified
      mandril-grown conduit.

PMID- 6448319
TI  - The role of endothelium in the patency of small venous substitutes.

PMID- 6448320
TI  - Pyrolytic carbon-coated vascular prostheses.

PMID- 6448321
TI  - Inactivation of chick oviduct progesterone receptors.

PMID- 6448322
TI  - Testicular and adrenal androgens and their binding to plasma proteins in the
      perinatal period: developmental patterns of plasma testosterone, 4
      androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate in premature and small
      for date infants as compared with that of full-term infants.

PMID- 6448323
TI  - Ring-A reduction of medroxyprogesterone acetate [17 alpha-acetoxy-6 alpha-methyl
      4-pregnene-3,20-dione (MPA)] in biological systems.

PMID- 6448324
TI  - The influence of long-term treatment with cyproterone acetate or a cyproterone
      acetate-ethinyl oestradiol combination on androgen levels in blood of hirsute
      women.

PMID- 6448325
TI  - The development of the androgen metabolizing activity in the human amniotic
      epithelium.

PMID- 6448326
TI  - Hepatic erythropoietin (Ep) production following double partial hepatectomy in
      the rat.
AB  - Double partial hepatectomy (hepx) evokes an elevation in serum erythropoietin
      (Ep) levels in anephric hypoxic animals when compared to non-hypoxic or sham hepx
      controls. But this Ep response is significantly lower than that found in singly
      hepx, anephric hypoxic rats. Double hepx also induces numerous cytological
      changes in the liver. Extravascular accumulation of fat, fibrous scarring,
      localized necroses, and multiple abscesses, as well as decreased vascularity,
      occur following the second hepx. A humoral factor was detected in the serum of
      these animals that is capable of inducing hepatic Ep production when injected
      into normal rats 18 hours before nephrectomy and hypoxia. This factor, termed
      hepatopoietin (Hp), was previously demonstrated in the venous serum of singly
      hepx rats. The serum from animals subjected to double partial hepx is not as
      potent in inducing Ep production as the serum from singly hepx animals. The
      discrepancies noted between the single and double hepx groups is attributed to
      the necrotic cytological changes described above.

PMID- 6448327
TI  - Malignant carcinoid syndrome: two case reports.
AB  - The malignant carcinoid syndrome (MCS) is a rare complication of malignant
      carcinoid neoplasms, fewer than 200 cases having been reported since its
      description by Thorson in 1954. Its signs and symptoms vary with the site of the
      primary neoplasm, and MCS is now recognized as one member of the large family of
      endocrine tumors--APUDOMAS). Although MCS remains uniformly fatal, significant
      palliation can be provided some patients with current surgical and
      chemotherapeutic management. All signs and symptoms in MCS, except evidence of
      the destruction of the tricuspid and pulmonic valves, can be reproduced
      experimentally. The factor causing this lethal complication has not been
      identified. Two previously unreported cases of MCS, each from the
      gastrointestinal (GI) tract, are presented. This brings the world's total report
      cases to approximately 210.

PMID- 6448328
TI  - Host age and H-2 tolerance in chimeric mice: mixed lymphocyte reactivity, cell
      mediated lympholysis and responses to hapten-modified self.
AB  - In order to further our understanding of the reasons for the increased
      susceptibility of aged animals to autoimmunity, neoplasms and infectious
      diseases, experiments were performed to determine the ability of an aged
      environment to induce and support tolerance to major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) determinants as well as to support the development of a specific immune
      response to modified self-determinants. The degree and mechanisms of tolerance to
      host and donor histocompatibility antigens were studied in bone marrow chimeras
      of the type (C57B1/6 X CBA)F1 leads to (C57B1/6 X DBA/2)F1 (BCF1 and BDF1,
      respectively). BCF1 bone marrow donors were 6 weeks old and BDF1 hosts were 18
      months old at the time of chimerization. Four to ten months later, chimeras were
      found to fully tolerant to all three parental haplotyes and competent to respond
      to fourth-party strains as assessed in both mixed lymphocyte reactions and cell
      mediated lympholysis. Tolerance to parental haplotypes could not be attributed to
      active suppression of reactivity. The aged host environment proved incapable of
      supporting the development of anti-modified self-reactivity as attested by the
      fact that neither the senescent BDF1 mice nor the BCF1 leads to BDF1 chimeras
      established in aged hosts could respond to trinitrophenol-modified autologous
      parental cells. In contrast, young BDF1 mice and BCF 1 leads to BDF1 chimeras
      established in young adult hosts were competent to respond to trinitrophenol
      modified autologous and parental cells in an MHC restricted fashion. The
      significance of these results to the susceptibility of aged animals to
      intracellular parasitic infections and neoplasia is discussed.

PMID- 6448329
TI  - [Method of radionuclide uroflometry].

PMID- 6448330
TI  - [Medical service for World War II veterans].

PMID- 6448332
TI  - [Status of dental caries in mentally retarded patients].

PMID- 6448331
TI  - [Random comparative study of polyvinylpyrrolidone-doxycycline and N
      pyrrolidinomethyltetracycline with determinations in serum, bile, gallbladder
      wall, peritoneum and abdominal muscle].

PMID- 6448333
TI  - Unusual complication of laparoscopy.

PMID- 6448334
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - The chest X-ray films of 251 patients with cardiovascular lesions, collected in
      the major hospitals of Papua New Guinea, were reviewed. Cor pulmonale (18%) and
      rheumatic heart disease (16%) were the predominant cardiac disorders, and cor
      pulmonale was the most common cause of cardiac failure (58%). Cardiomegaly or
      cardiac failure of unknown cause, possibly due to cardiomyopathy or myocarditis,
      made up 9% of the group and may be more important than has been thought
      previously. Aortic-arch calcification typical of atheroma was present in 21% of
      the patients, and is thus quite common, even though ischaemic heart disease
      remains very rare (1%). More than half of the patients with aortic atheroma had
      chronic lung disease, and though this could be explained by the coincidental
      frequency of both conditions, the possibility of an association or link in
      pathogenesis between them deserves further consideration. Anaemia was a common
      cause of cardiac enlargement (14%), and sometimes led to cardiac failure. Only 16
      patients had hypertension (essential in 10 patients and renal in six), and this
      may indicate a change from the previously reported predominance of renal
      hypertension in Papua New Guinea towards a more equal incidence of the two
      conditions. Aneurysms of unknown cause were encountered in three fairly young
      patients. They had some resemblance to the aneurysms in arteritis of obscure
      origin described in Africa. There were also two dissecting aneurysms and one
      syphilitic aneurysm of the aorta. Congenital lesions (8%), pericarditis due to
      various causes (including tuberculosis), bacterial endocarditis (in four patients
      with rheumatic heart disease), and miscellaneous conditions made up the remainder
      of the series.

PMID- 6448335
TI  - Treatment of low back pain.

PMID- 6448336
TI  - [Malariogenic conditions in the zone of Greater Feodosiya].

PMID- 6448337
TI  - [Rice fields of the Crimea and their anophelogenic role].

PMID- 6448338
TI  - [Effect of mermithidae of the genus Hydromermis on the populations of blood
      sucking mosquitoes of Eastern Kazakhstan].

PMID- 6448339
TI  - [Use of carbon tetrachloride in the fall-winter period for the control of great
      and red-tail gerbils in the cutaneous leishmaniasis foci of the Bukhara region].

PMID- 6448340
TI  - [District sanitary-epidemiological stations in the control of helminthiasis].

PMID- 6448341
TI  - [Changes in the population of Anopheles messeae (Fall, 1926) in the Moscow
      district after discontinuation of DDT treatment (exemplified by the
      Solnechnogorsk region)].

PMID- 6448343
TI  - [Detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis in nutria (Myocastor coypus Mollina)].

PMID- 6448342
TI  - [Correlation between ABO and Rh system blood groups and the presence of
      antibodies to Plasmodium malariae].

PMID- 6448344
TI  - [Myiasis in man caused by larvae of the horse botfly, Rhinoestrus purpureus Br].

PMID- 6448345
TI  - [Radioimmunoanalytic study of the kinetics of lambda phage structural protein
      synthesis].
AB  - The kinetics of the lambda-phage major structural protein syntheses was
      determined during the lytic development by radioimmunoassay. For this purpose,
      the individual structural proteins such as pE, pV and pD were isolated in
      polyacrylamide gel by the preparative SDS-electrophoresis. The proper
      monospecific antisera were obtained. All the proteins were labelled with 125J in
      vitro by a chloramine method. The degree of nativity for iodinated proteins was
      determined by the electrophoretic and immunochemical methods. The concentrations
      of proteins pE, pV and pD were measured in lysates of E. coli W3350 cells
      infected with the phage lambda C1857 at various time intervals after infection
      using a competitive radioimmunoassay. The concentrations of all three proteins
      turned out to increase sharply between 20 and 40 minutes after infection, then
      the rate of synthesis of structual proteins declined gradually. On a cell basis
      the accumulation of major proteins of the head such as pE and pD exceeded by a
      factor of 10 or 20 the amount required for collection of the infected progeny or
      pahge; at the same time the primary component of the tail pV accumulated to a
      lesser extent. The autonomic regulation of the syntheses of major phage proteins
      is assumed to be exercised as a translation level in the lytic development of the
      phage lambda.

PMID- 6448346
TI  - [Immunecomplex glomerulonephritis in chronic persistent hepatitis B with virus
      persistence].

PMID- 6448347
TI  - [Leitmotiv of endocrinologic treatment. Pastoral-anthropological considerations
      on the principle of individuation].

PMID- 6448348
TI  - Changes in sarcomere length following tenotomy in the rat.
AB  - The medial belly of the gastrocnemius and the extensor digitorum longus muscles
      of rats were tenotomized. One day following tenotomy, the mean sarcomere length
      of the fast medial gastrocnemius was 1.8 microns, a value comparable to that of
      tenotomized slow soleus. The mean sarcomere length of the tenotomized extensor
      digitorum longus, however, was 2.0 microns, a figure which differed significantly
      from the values obtained for both the soleus and the gastrocnemius. Histological
      preparations showed the presence of central core degeneration in slow fatigue
      resistant fibers of the tenotomized gastrocnemius comparable to that seen in the
      soleus. No changes were found in the fibers of the tenotomized extensor digitorum
      longus. The fact that central core lesions were produced in the fibers of soleus
      and medial gastrocnemius but not in the extensor digitorum longus may be related
      to the lesser reduction in sarcomere length following tenotomy of the latter
      muscle.

PMID- 6448349
TI  - Increased TRH content of the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6448350
TI  - Limitations in the use of actomyosin threads as model contractile systems.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that actomyosin threads may provide a useful model
      for studying the properties of contractile systems. The development of highly
      sensitive positional feedback transducers has enabled the properties of these
      threads to be measured reproducibly. Potential applications include such systems
      as ventricle, smooth muscle and non-muscle preparations, from which it is
      difficult to obtain suitable fibres for mechanical studies. In addition, studies
      with chemically modified myosins may provide new insights into the relationships
      between the biochemical and mechanical events in the cross-bridge cycle. However,
      there are indications that the mechanical properties of actomyosin threads differ
      from those of intact fibres in several important respects. For example,
      contraction velocity is proportional to isometric tension in threads, but is
      independent of filament density in intact fibres. We have now determined the
      force-velocity characteristics of actomyosin threads prepared from muscles with
      known differences in their physiological contraction velocities. No direct
      relationships could be found between the velocity characteristics of the threads
      and those of intact muscle. We conclude that the measured velocities of threads
      reflect properties of the actomyosins other than cross-bridge cycling times, thus
      severely limiting the usefulness of this technique for comparative purposes.

PMID- 6448351
TI  - An immunological suppressor cell inactivating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor
      cells recognizing it.
AB  - The immune system does not normally react against self components. Originally, it
      was postulated that self-reactive cells were somehow deleted or blocked. More
      recent thinking is that such cells are suppressed by regulatory networks similar
      to those limiting the immune response against non-self determinants. Both
      mechanisms may exist. I describe here a type of suppression more closely related
      to the first postulate. In the in vitro, one-way, mixed lymphocyte reaction
      (MLR), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor cells (CLP) from the responder population
      give rise to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CL) capable of lysing target cells from the
      stimulator population. A subpopulation of cells in the spleen of athymic nude
      mice can, when added to such cultures, inactivate CLP capable of recognizing
      either the H-2 antigens or TNP modifications of the nude spleen. Regarding the
      nude spleen cells, activation of self-reactive cells is being prevented.

PMID- 6448352
TI  - Induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in genetically resistant
      strains of mice.

PMID- 6448353
TI  - In vitro characterization of immunological responsiveness of uremic patients.
AB  - Uremic patients are thought to have deficient immune reactivity. The mechanisms
      for immunosuppression are not known. We have studied various in vitro immune
      response parameters in lymphocytes from uremic patients and from healthy
      controls. Using polyclonal activating substances, it was found that PHA and LPS
      responses were reduced in cells from the patient group compared to the control
      group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MLC responsiveness using pooled stimulator cells
      and polyclonal antibody secretion induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in
      vitro were reduced in the patients (p < 0.05). No differences with regard to
      proportions of T/B cells in blood were noted between the two groups. No
      correlation was found between responses of individual cells to different
      activating substances, with the exception of PHA and ConA. However, low responses
      to PHA were usually accompanied by a general low responsiveness. Patients were
      further subdivided into groups according to the type of dialysis treatment,
      peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD), and to the duration of the
      hemodialysis period (< and > 1 year). Patients treated with PD showed impaired T
      cell reactivity with loer PHA responses compared to the HD patients (p < 0.05).
      Between the HD groups there were no significant differences in mitogen or MLC
      responses. We believe that the differences between PD and HD were due to the
      facts that the PD patients were older and not in the same nutritional state as
      the HD patients.

PMID- 6448354
TI  - [Efficacy of the cervical sympathectomy in cerebral ischemic patients-
      measurement of blood flow with a square wave electromagnetic flowmeter and
      clinical study (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448355
TI  - Loss of serotonin circadian rhythms in the pineal gland of androgenized female
      rats.

PMID- 6448356
TI  - Involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine neurones in the behavioural
      effects of alpha-methylytryptamine.

PMID- 6448357
TI  - The influence of 4-methylhistamine, an agonist of histamine H2 receptors on body
      temperature in rats.

PMID- 6448358
TI  - Effects of d-amphetamine and disruption of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neuronal
      systems on the synthesis of dopamine in selected regions of the rat brain.

PMID- 6448359
TI  - Epidural dracunculiasis: a rare cause of spinal cord compression.

PMID- 6448360
TI  - Plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis: preliminary findings.
AB  - In seven of eight patients with progressive multiple sclerosis subjected to long
      term plasmapheresis in combination with azathioprine and pulsed prednisone
      therapy, we found modest improvement of neurologic function. There was no change
      in auditory and visual evoked responses or serum demyelinating activity. In six
      of seven patients, cerebrospinal fluid IgG content decreased. Three additional
      patients in acute, severe exacerbation refractory to prednisone therapy made a
      substantial recovery, which commenced with plasmapheresis therapy. In two of
      them, the onset of clinical improvement after plasmapheresis was corroborated by
      decreased latency or increased amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials.
      These results suggest that blood-borne factors, possibly autoantibodies, may play
      a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The lesions may be at least partially
      reversible with plasmapheresis therapy, but a controlled trial is necessary to
      confirm these preliminary findings.

PMID- 6448361
TI  - (Ca++ + Mg++)-ATPase of red cells in Duchenne and myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 6448362
TI  - Aortic graft infection; secondary to diverticular abscess.

PMID- 6448363
TI  - Responses to constant infusion of LH-RH in girls with primary hypogonadism.
AB  - To further assess quantitative pituitary gonadotropin release in patients with
      primary hypogonadism, a 3-hour constant infusion of the synthetic gonadotropin
      releasing hormone, LH-RH, was administered to 12 functionally agonadal girls (11
      with Turner syndrome and 1 who had been overiectomized), aged 9.5 to 19.42 years.
      Gonadotropin and sex steroid responses were determined before and during the
      infusion and contrasted to those in normal pubertal females. in girls with
      skeletal age under 11 years, mean control LH increased (P < .001) from 2.2 +/-
      0.3 (mean +/- SEM) mIU/ml to 21.3 +/- 7.3 during LH-RH infusion, while
      luteinizing hormone (LH) rose (P < .001) from 89.2 +/- 24.6 to 276.5 +/- 42.6
      girls with skeletal age over 11 years. This age-related augmentation is an
      exaggeration of data in normal girls and occcurs despite minimal gonadal
      secretion of sex steroids. A similar age-related discrepancy was not seen in
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion evoked by LH-RH; all girls had FSH
      increments into the castrate range with a rise from mean control levels of 78.6
      +/- 6.7 to 133.9 +/- 8.3. These data demonstrate an age-related increase in LH-RH
      evoked LH secretion, but not of FSH, in children and adolescents with primary
      hypogonadism.

PMID- 6448364
TI  - [Results of new legislation in the field of social insurance (I)].

PMID- 6448365
TI  - [Problems of sterilization in younger women -- results of a questioning of
      patients wanting refertilization after sterilization within one year (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448366
TI  - [Potentialities and restraints of social hygiene work in the field of public
      health (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448368
TI  - [Aims, possibilities, and limitations of hospital hygiene (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448367
TI  - [Efforts made by physicians regarding legislation on the introduction of
      administrative sections in Germany -- review of literature 1895-1979 (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448369
TI  - [Knowledge and attitude of pupils about the cancer problem -- a pilot study
      conducted amongst pupils in Northern Baden (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448370
TI  - [The left-handed person in school and in professional life. Practical advice for
      the application of the results of cerebral hemisphere dominance research].

PMID- 6448371
TI  - [Some problems in compulsory hospitalization of the mentally sick from the aspect
      of the public health office (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448372
TI  - [Spread of head lice infestation in Kassel schools (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448373
TI  - [Outpatient medical care in institutionalized care for the aged (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448374
TI  - [On the tuberculin susceptibility of lung cancer patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448375
TI  - [Lung cancer as reflected by mass radiography (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448376
TI  - [Aspects of rooming-in with special regard to planning of obstetric units
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448377
TI  - [Inspection of hospitals by public health service with particular reference to
      hospital hygiene (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448378
TI  - [Systems of transportation of hospital-specific waste (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448379
TI  - [Results of recent jurisdiction concerning the social insurance of the Federal
      Republic of Germany (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448381
TI  - [Shower before you swim].

PMID- 6448380
TI  - [Safety in public swimming pools (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448382
TI  - [Drawbacks resulting from communalization of public health service offices in
      Lower Saxony (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448383
TI  - [Medical aspects of addictive behavior].

PMID- 6448384
TI  - [Facts of drug abuse].

PMID- 6448385
TI  - [Treatment and rehabilitative chances for heroin addicts].

PMID- 6448386
TI  - [Drug abuse and criminality].

PMID- 6448387
TI  - [Sociological aspects of addictive behavior].

PMID- 6448389
TI  - [Students and alcohol].

PMID- 6448388
TI  - [Facts on alcohol abuse].

PMID- 6448390
TI  - [Chances for the prophylaxis and rehibilitation of alcoholics].

PMID- 6448391
TI  - [Drug abuse].

PMID- 6448392
TI  - [Tobacco abuse].

PMID- 6448393
TI  - [Youths in destructive religious groups].

PMID- 6448394
TI  - [Human guilt and responsibility].

PMID- 6448395
TI  - [Psychological aspects of alcoholism].

PMID- 6448396
TI  - [Intra-articular injuries as a cause of disability].

PMID- 6448397
TI  - [Analysis of the fatal outcomes of injuries].

PMID- 6448398
TI  - [Automobile road injuries in Erevan and their prevention].

PMID- 6448399
TI  - [Functional, esthetic clothing in the rehabilitation of the disabled and
      orthopedic patients].

PMID- 6448400
TI  - [Disability incidence in motor organ diseases].

PMID- 6448401
TI  - [Experience in organizing the rehabilitative treatment of orthopedic and
      traumatologic patients in a polyclinic rehabilitation center].

PMID- 6448402
TI  - [Dental considerations of handicapped and retarded children].

PMID- 6448404
TI  - [Contribution of the medical oncologist to the therapeutic strategy in advanced
      ovarian carcinoma].

PMID- 6448405
TI  - [The management of ovarian adenocarcinoma. "Second look" surgical operation after
      chemotherapy (author's transl)].
AB  - Forty patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary (including 34 in stages III and
      IV) underwent a "second look" surgical operation after a first course of
      chemotherapy. The operation, which carried negligible morbidity, demonstrated
      complete remission in 27,5% of the cases; whenever necessary and possible
      achieved complete remission by surgical excision; and helped in establishing a
      second course of chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy. This therapeutic strategy
      seems to have had overall favourable repercussions on the patients' short- and
      mid-term survical. Long-term results cannot yet be assessed, but the knowledge of
      late failures suggests that applying intensive chemotherapy or, preferably, chemo
      immunotherapy after the "second look", or even reserving potent cytostatic drugs
      for that period, could be beneficial. From the very favourable survival rate in
      patients found on second look to have complete remission, one may conclude that
      surgically confirmed remission should be considered as the primary target of the
      initial treatment.

PMID- 6448403
TI  - Ca2+ and Sr2+ activation: comparison of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction
      models.
AB  - The mechanism of contraction in rabbit fast-twich, and bovine and rabbit cardiac
      muscle was examined using functionally skinned fibers, ATPase activity of
      myofibrils, and cardiac or skeletal troponin-tropomyosin regulated actin heavy
      meromyosin. The Ca2+ and Sr2+ activation properties for the different measures of
      contraction were evaluated. (1) Tension in rabbit and bovine cardiac skinned
      fibers and rabbit cardiac myofibrillar ATPase were activated equally well by
      either Ca2+ or Sr2+. By contrast, rabbit adductor magnus (fast-twich) skinned
      fibers required substantially higher [Sr2+] than [Ca2+] for activation, as did
      rabbit myofibrils from back muscle (fast-twitch). (2) Substantially more Sr2+
      than Ca2+ was also required for activation of skeletal muscle actin heavy
      meromyosin ATPase, controlled by either the skeletal or cardiac troponin
      tropomyosin complex, similar to the activation of fast-twitch muscle. (3) The
      absence of correlation between the divalent cation selectivity properties of
      actin heavy meromyosin ATPase controlled by cardiac troponin-tropomyosin and
      cardiac muscle tension or myofibrillar ATPase activation by Ca2+ and Sr2+
      suggests that troponin, if primarily responsible for the activation of cardiac
      muscle, has very different in vivo and in vitro binding properties. (4) The close
      correlation between percentage of maximal Ca2+- and Sr2+-activated myofibrillar
      ATPase and tension in skinned fibers strongly justifies the use of myofibrillar
      ATPase, in contrast to a reconstituted troponin-tropomyosin actin heavy
      meromyosin ATPase system, as a biochemical measure of contraction.

PMID- 6448406
TI  - [Extramembraneous glomerulonephritis associated with the Landry, Guillain, Barre
      syndrome].

PMID- 6448407
TI  - Handicap - integration or segregation?

PMID- 6448408
TI  - [Kidney diseases].

PMID- 6448409
TI  - Tetracycline-induced esophageal ulcers. Report of two cases.
AB  - Delayed passage of irritant drugs like tetracycline hydrochloride can cause
      esophageal ulceration, especially when the medication is taken with only a sip of
      water before sleeping or by a patient with stricture or motor abnormality of the
      esophagus. Certain precautions should be taken when prescribing irritant drugs.
      Patients should be advised to take sufficient quantities of water with the
      medication and to avoid taking the capsules at bedtime. These drugs should not be
      given to patients with esophageal obstruction or motility disorders.

PMID- 6448410
TI  - Iatrogenic skin disease.

PMID- 6448411
TI  - The common fungal diseases of the skin.

PMID- 6448412
TI  - [Antigenic makeup of the blood components normally and in pathology].

PMID- 6448413
TI  - [Characteristics of osteoarticular tuberculosis patient contingents in Kazakhstan
      and the ways for their detection].

PMID- 6448414
TI  - Postnatal changes of some enzymatic activities of energy supplying metabolism in
      the cortex, inner and outer medulla of the rat kidney.
AB  - 1. In rat kidney cortex, outer and inner medulla the development of activities of
      seven enzymes was investigated during postnatal ontogeny (10, 20, 30, 60 and 90
      days of age). The enzymes were selected in such a manner, as to characterize most
      of the main metabolic pathways of energy supplying metabolism: hexokinase
      (glucose phosphorylation, HK), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (glycerolphosphate metabolism or shunt, GPDH), triose phosphate dehydrogenase
      (glycolytic carbohydrate breakdown, TPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (lactate
      metabolism, LDH), citrate synthase (tricarboxylic acid cycle, aerobic metabolism,
      CS), malate NAD dehydrogenase (tricarboxylic acid cycle, intra-extra
      mitochondrial hydrogen transport, MDH) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (fatty
      acid catabolism, HOADH). 2. The renal cortex already differs metabolically from
      the medullar structures on the 10th day of life. It displays a high activity of
      aerobic breakdown of both fatty acids and carbohydrates. Its metabolic capacity
      further increases up to the 30th day of life. 3. The outer medullar structure is
      not grossly different from the inner medulla on the 10th day of life. Further it
      differentiates into a highly aerobic tissue mainly able to utilize carbohydrates.
      It can, however, to some extent, also utilize fatty acids aerobically and produce
      lactate from carbohydrates anaerobically. 4. The inner medullar structure is best
      equipped to utilize carbohydrates by anaerobic glycolysis, forming lactate. This
      feature is already pronounced on the 10th day of life, its capacity increases to
      some extent during postnatal development, being highest between the 10th and the
      60th day of life.

PMID- 6448415
TI  - Effect of bilirubin and its photodegradation products on the respiration of
      mitochondria isolated from rat liver.
AB  - In 0.05--0.1 mmol.l-1 concentration, bilirubin inhibits ADP-activated respiration
      of isolated liver mitochondria; it has no effect on respiration in the absence of
      ADP. Bilirubin-induced inhibition of respiration is not abolished by serum
      albumin, but bilirubin bound to serum albumin and the photodegradation products
      of bilirubin have no inhibitory effect.

PMID- 6448416
TI  - The effect of pregnancy and lactation on the development of experimental heart
      lesions.
AB  - The authors studed the effect of pregnancy and lactation on the resistance of
      myocardium against damage. Lesions of the heart were induced by isoprenaline in
      vivo. The extent of lesions was evaluated macroscopically and quantitatively
      according to the increased accumulation of 203HCl2 in the damaged heart tissue.
      In vitro, the damage of the isolated right ventricle was induced by anoxia and
      the resistance of heart tissue was evaluated according to the recovery of
      contractility. During the first week after delivery, the extent of isoprenaline
      induced heart lesions was increased in nursing mothers as compared with virgin
      females of the same age. The mortality did not change significantly. Restitution
      of contractility of the right ventricle in vitro and anoxia was lower than in
      virgin females. In nursing mothers 35 days after delivery, the mortality and the
      extent of heart lesions induced by isoprenaline was significantly reduced as
      compared with virgin females. Furthermore, the resistance to anoxia of their
      isolated right ventricle was higher than that of virgin females. The reduced
      effect of isoprenaline lasted for several months after devlivery. The mortality
      and the extent of isoprenaline-induced heart lesions were not reduced
      significantly 35 days after delivery in non-lactating mothers, which were
      deprived of their young.

PMID- 6448417
TI  - Effect of intermittent high altitude hypoxia on the structure and enzymatic
      activity of cardiac myosin.
AB  - The time course of structural and enzymatic changes in cardiac myosin was studied
      in the right and left ventricle of rats exposed to intermittent high altitude
      (IHA) hypoxia. In the controls, ATPase activity and myosin structure in both
      ventricles was the same. After the third exposure to simulated high altitude (2
      600 m), myosin enzymatic activity rose significantly in the left ventricle and a
      significant right-left difference appeared. In the next phase of adaptation (11
      exposures, 6 000 m), myosin ATPase activity fell in both ventricles and the right
      left difference disappeared. After the 16th exposure (7 000 m), enzymatic
      activity increased again in both ventricles and attained control values. IHA also
      produced significant structural changes in cardiac myosin, particularly in the
      rigaht ventricle. The changes were characterized by the formation of myosin
      aggregates with significantly lower ATPase activity that the myosin monomer. The
      time course and localization of structural and enzymatic changes in cardiac
      myosin corresponded to the morphological damage to the heart fibres.

PMID- 6448418
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of the development of isoprenaline-induced heart lesions.
AB  - The development of heart lesions induced by isoprenaline (ISO) was quantitatively
      evaluated by 203Hg-Mercurascan (MSC) which was taken up and retained in the
      damaged cells. After the administration of ISO, the MSC uptake increased
      immediately at a constant rate, which was independent of the dose of ISO. A
      higher cardiotoxic effect of increased doses of ISO was caused by prolongation of
      the time during which the development of heart lesions proceeded. Later, when the
      damaged cells were subjected to cytolysis, MSC uptake decreased. The blockade of
      the effect of ISO by methypranol immediately stopped any further increase of MSC
      uptake. The accumulation of other labelled substances (Neohydrin, HgCl2, CaCl2)
      in the damaged myocardium was compared with the uptake of MSC. MSC and HgCl2 in
      particular are suitable for the observation of early changes; relatively less
      CaCl2 accumulated in the damaged hearts, but it can be used for the detection of
      more advanced lesions.

PMID- 6448419
TI  - Instaneous changes in the radial artery blood flow under different physiological
      conditions.
AB  - Using a Doppler pulse flowmeter we measured the blood flow in the radial artery
      at rest and during physical exercise and various other stimuli (arithmetical
      calculations, electrical stimulation, deep inspiration). The mean resting flow in
      the radial artery was 0.66 ml/s. Every stimulus was instantaneously followed by a
      drop in the blood flow to a minimum value; there was no significant differences
      between these values. The results demonstrate that the new, non-invasive
      apparatus can be used to study quick changes in the blood flow not detected by
      routine non-invasive methods.

PMID- 6448420
TI  - The effect of chronic marginal vitamin C deficiency on the rate of secretion and
      the removal of plasma triglycerides in guinea-pigs.
AB  - In guinea-pigs, chronic borderline vitamin C deficiency leads to
      hypertriglyceridaemia and to the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. We
      investigated the triglyceride secretion rate by determining the rate of
      accumulation of triglycerides in the plasma following a Triton WR 1339 block of
      the their removal from the plasma (experiment 1) and the rate of the removal of
      triglycerides from the plasma by mathematical analysis of the specific plasma
      triglyceride activity - time curve after the administration of 3H-glycerol
      (experiment 2). In the 14th and 16th week of the experiment it was found that
      borderline vitamin C deficiency slowed down the triglyceride secretion rate,
      prolonged the half-time and reduced fractional plasma triglyceride turnover. The
      balance shift between the rate of the uptake and removal of very low density
      lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) in the plasma compartment (greater
      retardation of the catabolic phase of kinetics) is probably the reason why
      triglycerides accumulate in the plasma and liver compartment of guinea-pigs with
      borderline vitamin C deficiency.

PMID- 6448421
TI  - Efferent neurons of the rat olfactory bulb. (An experimental study using
      horseradish peroxidase).
AB  - 1) Two efferent neurone populations - mitral and tufted cells - are present in
      the main structure of the rat olfactory bulb. 2) The tufted cells, whose axons
      leave the olfactory bulb, are scattered throughout the whole of the outer
      plexiform layer and some of them lie in the periglomelural layer. 3) The axons of
      some of the tufted cells lead to the rostral part of the prepyriform cortex (the
      anterior olfactory nucleus). 4) Our findings do not indicate that the tufted
      cells ensure monosynapltic interbulbar connection.

PMID- 6448422
TI  - Elastic tissue and smooth muscle volume in elastic and muscular type arteries in
      the dog.
AB  - 1. Relative elastic tissue and smooth muscle volumes were determined by a
      stereological point-counting method in arteries with a progressively diminishing
      diameter, from the aorta towards the periphery. 2. The volume relationship
      between the smooth muscle cell and its nucleus was determined by the same method.
      Mean nuclear volume amounted to 6.9% of total smooth muscle cell volume. 3.
      Relative elastic tissue volume fell from the aorta towards the peripheral
      arteries, from 22.6% in the ascending aorta to 4--6% in the smallest arteries
      examined. 4. Relative smooth muscle volume was practically the same and
      differences between the individual values in the vast majority of arteries
      examined were non-significant. Total smooth muscle volume, calculated from the
      volume of the smooth muscle cell nuclei, varied mostly from 45 to 55%. 5. It can
      be concluded from these results that the ability of small and medium muscular
      type arteries to change their diameter actively by muscular contraction (as
      against elastic type arteries, in which this ability is less expressed) is
      facilitated not only by the organization of the structural components of the
      arterial wall, but also by the lower elastic tissue volume, which is compensated
      by the volume of the other passive components of the vascular wall, while
      relative smooth muscle volume remains the same.

PMID- 6448423
TI  - Conditioned taste aversion elicited in anaesthetized rats by scorpion venom.
AB  - Conditioned saccharin aversion was elicited in rats by the use of scorpion venom.
      After 15 min of saccharin drinking, groups of rats were injected with venom,
      Nembutal, LiCl or isotonic saline. Two groups were anaesthetized 10 min after
      saccharin drinking and injected with venom or with LiCl. During retention test
      saccharin aversion was observed in the venom and LiCl groups. It is concluded
      that anaesthesia does not prevent conditioned taste aversion engram formation.

PMID- 6448424
TI  - Development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. Participation of the
      central cholinergic mechanism.
AB  - Development of the effectivensess of the systemic administration of oxotremorin
      (200 micrograms/kg egg weight) on spontaneous motility in chick embryos was
      studied from the 11th to the 19th day of incubation. 1) Oxotremorin activated
      spontaneous motility from the 15th day of incubation; subsequently, its effect
      increased with the embryo's age. 2) Glycine (100 mg/kg e.w.) blocked the
      activating effect of oxotremorin, again in a direct correlation to the embryo's
      age. 3) The spontaneous motility of spinal embryos was activated significantly
      less, thereby demonstrating the importance of the supraspinal component of the
      effect of oxotremorin. 4) The results are evaluated primarily as evidence of the
      role of the cholinergic mechanism (Everett 1964) in embryonal development of
      supraspinal control of the spontaneous activity of spinal motoneurones.

PMID- 6448425
TI  - Influence of D-penicillamine and iproniazid on the formation of cross-links in
      elastin.

PMID- 6448426
TI  - Effect of single and repeated aerogenic hypoxia on the content of amino acids in
      the rat brain.

PMID- 6448427
TI  - Facial plastic surgery in children with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Six minor corrections in the face of children with Down's syndrome can clearly
      improve their facial expression. Reduction of macroglossia facilitates phonation.
      Augmentation of the bridge of the nose effaces the epicanthus. The lid axis, the
      hypotonic lower lip, and microgenia can be repaired. While the parents have been
      satisfied with the results of surgery, a positive effect on social behavior and
      mental development of the children has not yet been proven.

PMID- 6448428
TI  - Scintigraphic appearances of osteoid osteoma.
AB  - A series of 42 osteoid osteomas is reviewed, and the scintigraphic appearances
      are described. In all cases, a marked, well-localized area of increased activity
      was demonstrated at the tumor site in both the blood-pool and standard two-hour
      images. The blood-pool images were performed after the injection of technetium
      99m methylene diphosphate which showed a small hyperemic lesion in all cases of
      osteoid osteoma, thus distinguishing this tumor from other lesions which may show
      uptake of radionuclide activity after two hours.

PMID- 6448429
TI  - Severe, primary dysmenorrhea treated with naproxen. A prospective, double-blind,
      crossover investigation.
AB  - 26 women aged 15-45 with severe, primary dysmenorrhea were treated with naproxen
      (NAPROSYN, SYNTEX) and placebo during 2 x 2 consecutive menstrual cycles in a
      randomized, double-blind crossover study. The dosage of naproxen was 500 mg (2
      tablets) initially, followed by 250 mg as needed, with a maximum of 1250 mg
      daily. In most cases medication started at the first sign of menstrual distress.
      80 per cent of the women preferred naproxen to placebo. The number of tablets
      taken during each menstruation fell from a mean of 17.8 in the placebo period to
      5.1 in the naproxen period. Likewise, additional analgesics fell from 7.1 to 1.6
      and hours of bed rest from 16.4 to 1.2. Total number of days of sick leave per
      two menstruations decreased from 40 to 7. These differences are statistically
      significant (P < 0.001). The side effects were mild. CNS or gastrointestinal side
      effects were not seen. Naproxen changed the amount of bleeding in 12 and delayed
      bleeding in three. Two developed acne, which however gradually diminished during
      the next five bleeding periods treated with naproxen. The influence of
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on the ovarian production of steroids is
      discussed.

PMID- 6448430
TI  - [Imbalance and cartilage diseases of the patella. Symposium].

PMID- 6448431
TI  - [unbalanced patella. I--Introduction. Definitions. Classification and
      symptomatology].

PMID- 6448432
TI  - [Unbalanced patella. II-Biomechanical back-motion].

PMID- 6448433
TI  - [Unbalanced patella. III--Physiological bases of non-surgical treatment.
      Kinesitherapy and its results].

PMID- 6448434
TI  - Unbalanced patella. IV--Operations on the soft portions.

PMID- 6448435
TI  - [Recurrent luxations of the patella in children].

PMID- 6448436
TI  - [Transposition of the anterior tibial tuberosity].

PMID- 6448437
TI  - [Transpositions of the anterior tibial tuberosity with a follow-up for more than
      10 years].

PMID- 6448438
TI  - [Unbalanced patella. VIII--Unbalanced patella and rotatory instabilities.
      Therapeutic and physiopathologic concepts. Internal dynamic stabilization].

PMID- 6448439
TI  - [Use of the scanner in the diagnosis of unbalanced patellas].

PMID- 6448440
TI  - [Unbalanced patella. X--Criticism of therapeutic methods and indications].

PMID- 6448441
TI  - [Traumatic dislocations of the patella].

PMID- 6448442
TI  - [Habitual dislocations of the patella in the adult].

PMID- 6448443
TI  - [Chondromalacia and femoro-patellar arthrosis. I--Introduction].

PMID- 6448444
TI  - [Cartilage of the patella].

PMID- 6448445
TI  - [Radiology of chondromalacias].

PMID- 6448446
TI  - [Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and chondromalacia of the patella].

PMID- 6448447
TI  - [Patelloplasty].

PMID- 6448448
TI  - [Transposition of the tibial tuberosity and partial external patellectomy in
      femor-patellar arthrosis].

PMID- 6448449
TI  - [Internal transposition of the tibial tuberosity in the treatment of lateralized
      femoro-patellar arthrosis].

PMID- 6448450
TI  - [Current status of femoro-patellar prostheses].

PMID- 6448451
TI  - [Results of external arthrolysis and reformation of the spongy bone].

PMID- 6448452
TI  - [Regeneration of the patellar cartilage after experimental reformation of the
      spongy bone in dogs].

PMID- 6448453
TI  - [Results of advancing the anterior tuberosity of the tibia].

PMID- 6448454
TI  - [Reformation of the spongy bone of the patella].

PMID- 6448455
TI  - [Results of advancing the tibial tuberosity].

PMID- 6448456
TI  - [Patellar chondromalacia: pathogenic and arthroscopic aspects].

PMID- 6448457
TI  - [Geometric and kinetic factors linking the medial femoral condyle and the medial
      ligament of the knee].

PMID- 6448458
TI  - [Sanfilippo's syndrome: typing of mucopolisaccharides in urine and enzymatic
      determination in plasma].

PMID- 6448459
TI  - [Plasma estrogens in cirrhotic patients with and without feminization. Various
      responses to the administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate].

PMID- 6448460
TI  - [Some considerations on the integration of the disabled with particular regard to
      the placement of dysmelic and spastic persons in the printing industry (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The systematic vocational resettlement of the disabled necessitates the
      preparation of working place related requirement profiles which have to be
      compared with the work specific performance profiles of disabled job seekers. The
      authors use the example of a multiply handicapped dysmelic person to discuss and
      explain the different aspects of such a methodical approach from the angle of the
      employment opportunities in the printing industry.

PMID- 6448461
TI  - [Electronic calculation trainers for physically handicapped pupils--an example of
      how to use electronics in the field of individualized instruction at schools for
      the physically handicapped (author's transl)].
AB  - The article demonstrates, on the basis of arithmetic lessons with physically
      handicapped pupils, that individualised teaching methods can be considerably more
      effective with the aid of technology. The demand for extreme individualized
      instruction justified not only by psychological but also physical reasons, is
      attempted to be met in an important partial area, i.e., the acquisition of
      arithmetical skills by means of practice. Within the framework of a research
      project carried out on behalf of the Federal Minister of Labour, a device has
      been developed which takes into consideration the medical, special educational
      and technical viewpoints and helps to meet the practical requirements whilst
      taking into account the multidisciplinary problem complex. the device is an
      electronic trainer for mental arithmetic exercises which can be constructionally
      adapted to the pupil's physical deviation. It is programmed by the teacher in
      accordance with the different performance levels and is then a direct partner
      irrespective of the pupil's degree of disability.

PMID- 6448462
TI  - The kinetics of inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism by prostaglandins in
      rabbits.
AB  - The in vitro effects of prostaglandin A1 and prostaglandin E1 on the hepatic
      microsomal metabolism of type I (aminopyrine) and type II (p-chloro-N
      methylaniline and aniline) drug substrates in rabbits were investigated. Both
      prostaglandins competitively inhibited aminopyrine N-demethylation to the same
      extent with a 500 microM prostaglandin concentration decreasing metabolism by
      approximately 50 percent. Prostaglandin A1 and prostaglandin F1 decreased p
      chloro-N-methylaniline biotransformation, and prostaglandin E1 depressed aniline
      metabolims, via mixed-inhibition kinetics. The degree of inhibition was greatest
      with aniline as substrate. Aniline (0.125 mM) metabolism was inhibitied 49
      percent and 71 percent by 100 microM and 500 microM prostaglandin E1,
      respectively.

PMID- 6448463
TI  - Age-related changes in cardiac muscle of rat.
AB  - Study of the age-related changes in cardiac muscle of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25
      months old albino rats showed that the muscle mass decreased by 10% while the
      ratio of the weight of cardiac muscle to body weight decreased by 30% between 5
      and 25 months. Autolytic and proteolytic activity of sarcoplasmic proteins
      increased remarkably (70% and 200%, respectively) between 5 and 25 months of age.
      Although the total protein content decreased, the amount of fibrous protein
      (collagen) increased by 50%. Levels of salt soluble and labile collagen (free
      hydroxyproline released at 65 degrees C in Ringer solution) decreased by 65% and
      50%, respectively, while insoluble collagen increased by 180% with advance in age
      from 5 to 25 months. Increase in acid soluble collagen was seen only up to 20
      months of age. The acid mucopolysaccharide content decreased, whereas the
      activity of beta-glucuronidase showed an increase from 110-148 units between 10
      and 15 months of age. beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase increased by 25% as the age
      increased from 5 to 25 months.

PMID- 6448464
TI  - [Clinical and immunological effects of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with
      pyrithioxin (Enerbol Polfa)].

PMID- 6448465
TI  - [Spinal canal neoplasms manifesting themselves in the form of common backache].

PMID- 6448466
TI  - [Difficulties in the rehabilitation of mental disease patients].

PMID- 6448467
TI  - [Risk factors in juvenile delinquency].

PMID- 6448468
TI  - [Spinal symptoms. Etiopathogenetic and biological aspects].

PMID- 6448469
TI  - [Controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in surgery of cerebral
      aneurysms].

PMID- 6448470
TI  - [Current status of psychosurgical treatment of schizophrenia].

PMID- 6448471
TI  - [Clinical studies of 100 patients with transitory carotid ischemic attacks
      (TCIA)].

PMID- 6448472
TI  - [A distinguished psychiatrist at the confluence of music and medicine: Dr. Stefan
      S. Brascu (1895-1965)].

PMID- 6448473
TI  - [A methodological system necessary and possible in carrying-out a work
      rehabilitation program in pensioned mental patients].

PMID- 6448474
TI  - [Dangers of the dental treatment of cardiac patients - X].

PMID- 6448475
TI  - [Disseminated cutaneous osteosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 6448476
TI  - Surface morphology of isolated cardiac myocytes from hypertrophied hearts of
      aging spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Morphologic features of the cell surface were studied in isolated cardiac
      myocytes obtained from 12 and 48 week old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)
      and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats. Hearts obtained from ether
      anesthetized animals were perfused with Ca++-free Hanks' solution containing EGTA
      and 0.1% collagenase. The hearts were minced and the suspended cells fixed in 2%
      phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Cells mounted on Nuclepore membrane filters
      were dehydrated in alcohol and critical point dried for SEM. Quantitative
      evaluation of myocyte length, width and volume was done with a sonic digitizer on
      H and E stained cells by light microscopy. At both ages studied there was a
      significant increase in heart weight to body weight ratio, systolic blood
      pressure and cell size in SHR compared to WKY controls. In the older animals
      there appeared to be increased numbers of cell junction areas and deep grooves in
      the cell surface which appeared more pronounced in SHR than in WKY. The cell
      surface of the myocytes from 48 week old animals had deep capillary grooves
      surrounded by protruding longitudinal bundles of myofibrils. These changes would
      result in increased surface area of the larger cells and diminish the effect of
      increased cell size on diffusion distance from capillary to tissue. These changes
      in cell morphology were interpreted as providing a protective effect against
      development of functional impairment in the hypertrophied hearts.

PMID- 6448477
TI  - Management of spasticity on neurophysiological basis.

PMID- 6448478
TI  - [Results of an in-depth study of public health].

PMID- 6448479
TI  - [Disability dynamics in individual diseases].

PMID- 6448481
TI  - [Organization of primary medical health care for rural inhabitants].

PMID- 6448480
TI  - [Incidence of nonspecific lung diseases among the adult population of
      agricultural disricts].

PMID- 6448482
TI  - [Participation of the medical workers of Belorussia in the partisans' movement].

PMID- 6448483
TI  - [The medical legacy of Ibn-Sina].

PMID- 6448484
TI  - [A. D. Kotsovskii, an outstanding representative of social medicine in Moldavia].

PMID- 6448485
TI  - [Joint work experience of a research institute and public health institutions].

PMID- 6448486
TI  - [Laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography in combination with hypotonic
      duodenography].

PMID- 6448487
TI  - [Mobile pediatric rehabilitation offices].

PMID- 6448488
TI  - [Pressing problems of occupational disease prevention in the Russian SFSR].

PMID- 6448489
TI  - [Agricultural trauma and methods for its prevention].

PMID- 6448490
TI  - [Peritoneal regeneration. A case report].
AB  - Split-thickness skin grafts are used to cover exposed viscera in patients with
      defects in the abdominal wall. This results in a very strong covering which
      eventually separates from the underlying viscera. The pathophysiology of the
      recovery process is discussed, with reference to experience gained from a patient
      treated with this technique.

PMID- 6448491
TI  - The physically handicapped child--is active management justified?
AB  - Deformities can either be congenital in origin or acquired after an accident or
      particularly after extensive surgery for malignant disease. Many congenital
      anomalies, especially if associated with Down syndrome, or when major residual
      handicaps are anticipated, raise the ethical question of whether or not to treat
      them initially. The effect of major handicaps on the child, family and society
      are discussed. Certain congenital anomalies can now be prevented by amniocentesis
      and termination of pregnancy in the high-risk group, and some of the acquired
      deformities can also be prevented to a certain extent. Lastly, some aspects of
      the legal situation are mentioned.

PMID- 6448492
TI  - [Clinical comparison of Atrovent and a placebo in patients with chronic
      obstructive lung diseases].

PMID- 6448493
TI  - [Physical work capacity and trainability in patients with Down's syndrome
      (mongolism)].

PMID- 6448494
TI  - Genuine concurrent muscular subvalvular subaortic stenosis and muscular
      infundibular stenosis of the right ventricle in the heart of the pig.
AB  - Two cases of genuine concurrent muscular subvalvular aortic and muscular
      infundibular pulmonary stenosis in pigs are reported. The character of this
      morphophysiological syndrome is discussed. The morphology of the heart of the pig
      predisposes this animal to the syndrome.

PMID- 6448495
TI  - [Veterinary immunology: some recent developments (author's transl)].
AB  - Veterinary Immunology has become a valuable link in the field of veterinary
      research. Recent developments in veterinary immunology in the Department of
      Immunochemistry of the Central Veterinary Institute are reviewed. In 1978,
      Counter Immuno-Electrophoresis was introduced for the diagnosis of Aleutian
      Disease (AD) in mink. Since then, more than 100,000 sera were tested (1). It is
      not clear whether the enormous amounts of specific anti-AD antibodies found in
      the serum of diseased mink have a biological significance. The present author
      recently developed an indirect haemagglutination test for the diagnosis of
      Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in cattle. The test compares favourably with the
      parasitological diagnostic methods so far used (2). The interpretation of levels
      of specific and anti-D. viviparus antibodies continues to be open to discussion,
      and the question whether antibodies are induced by larvae and/or other
      developmental stages of D. viviparus is still unanswered. With regard to E. coli
      infections, the question is asked whether research on 'minimum' vaccination
      against E. coli during the first day of life may help to reduce diarrhoea in
      weaner pigs. As intradermal injections resulted in significantly higher antibody
      titre in an anti-bovine albumn-immunisation model in pigs, alternative modes of
      immunisation are worth investigating. Recent developments in the production and
      use of class-specific antibodies are reviewed (3, 4).

PMID- 6448496
TI  - [The value of lungworm vaccination in calves (author's transl)].
AB  - Although the lungworm vaccine was found to be useful under field conditions, some
      questions remain, particularly epidemiological ones. Experiments with housed and
      grazing calves were carried out to elucidate a number of these problems. From
      these experiments in which vaccinated and unvaccinated calves were challenged, it
      was apparent: 1. that the immunity developed by vaccinated calves could resist a
      heavy challenge without clinical symptoms; 2. that vaccinated calves exposed to a
      heavy challenge could produce small numbers of lungworm larvae. It was shown
      that, despite the hard winter of 1978/1979, infectious lungworm larvae were
      present on the pasture in the spring of 1979.

PMID- 6448497
TI  - Determination of total plasmin activity in human plasma assayed by turbidity
      method.

PMID- 6448498
TI  - [Development of experiments in the field of neurophysiology. Ideas and works on
      the concepts of irritability and vitality].

PMID- 6448499
TI  - [The Kohlhauer Codex. Aniatromathematic-domestic pharmacopeia of medieval Upper
      Franconia. I. Description of the manuscript].

PMID- 6448500
TI  - [A Siebenburgen pioneer of nephrectomy: Josef Brandt (1838-1912)].

PMID- 6448501
TI  - [Hospitals in Salzburg].

PMID- 6448502
TI  - [Nature of the target cells in bone marrow B-suppressor action studied on a
      simplified model of suppression activity registration].
AB  - The addition of bone marrow cells to spleen cells and lymph node cells stimulates
      by mitogents, but not to fibroblast-like cells, leads to a significant reduction
      of DNA synthesis in mixed cultures in vitro. The suppression effects appears only
      in two days and the suppressor cell activity is the stronger, the intensive is
      the target cell proliferation. It is shown that intact bone marrow cells can
      suppress the lipopolysaccharide-activated bone marrow cell proliferation in
      vitro. A conclusion may be draw that cells of the lymphoid system serve as target
      cells for the bone marrow suppressor cells, and the role of these lymphoid system
      cells is to control immunogenesis processes by suppressing the target cell
      proliferation activity in the bone marrow.

PMID- 6448503
TI  - [Lumbago in a new light. A hypothesis].

PMID- 6448504
TI  - [Laparoscopy in cancer of the kidney].

PMID- 6448505
TI  - Powe-spectrum centroid detection for Doppler systems applications.

PMID- 6448506
TI  - The square root of f power-spectrum centroid detector: system considerations,
      implementation, and performance.

PMID- 6448507
TI  - [Use of contact visual correction in Tadzhikistan].

PMID- 6448508
TI  - [Attempt at the prognostic calculation of the expected number of the visually
      disabled].

PMID- 6448509
TI  - [Laparoscopy in children with intestinal obstruction].
AB  - The authors have performed laparoscopy in 30 children suspected in acute
      intestinal obstruction. At the present time laparoscopy is believed to be the
      method enabling the disease to be diagnosed at early stages sufficiently exactly
      and for a short time. In a number of cases the authors succeeded in liquidating
      acute intestinal obstruction by menas of a laparoscope and a manipulator without
      a repeated laparotomy. The authors recommend to use laparoscopy more frequently
      in acute intestinal obstruction both with diagnostic and curative aims.

PMID- 6448510
TI  - [Emergency laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in
      the middle-aged and elderly].
AB  - The article describes the results of a laparoscopic transparietal puncture of the
      gall-bladder used for diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in 31
      patients older than 60. The acute inflammatory process was found to subside due
      to the procedure in 30 patients, 26 of them were operated upon in the cold stage
      of the disease. The authors recommend a wider use of the method of urgent
      laparoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly and
      senile patients.

PMID- 6448511
TI  - Acute nicotinamide deficiency in the pig induced by 6-aminonicotinamide.
AB  - Pigs given intraperitoneal injections of 6-aminonicotinamide developed a syndrome
      similar to a natural disease found in Queensland. Focal lesions, involving mainly
      destruction of glial cells, developed in the intermediate grey matter of the
      cervical and lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. There was widespread
      vacuolation of spinal cord white matter. The glial cell loss was repaired. We
      suggest that natural acute nicotinamide deficiency can occur if a threshold dose
      of an antimetabolite of nicotinamide is absorbed over a short period of time.

PMID- 6448512
TI  - Genetics and structure of the late gene regulatory region of phage 82.

PMID- 6448513
TI  - [Properties of anion-sensitive erythrocyte ATPase].
AB  - Properties of membrane-bound and soluble bicarbonate-dependent ATPase from rat
      erythrocytes were studied. In presence of Mg2+ and Mn2+ bicarbonate activated
      ATPase in membranes, Zn2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Ca2+ and Co2+ were ineffective. Ca2+ did
      not stimulate also the soluble HCO3-- - ATPase. Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
      inhibited the membrane-bound ATPase and did not affect the soluble enzyme.

PMID- 6448514
TI  - [Functional study of lymphokine-synthesizing cells in rheumatism].

PMID- 6448515
TI  - [Properties of Hav6Neq2 and Hswl(H0)Hav2 influenza viruses isolated from
      waterfowl in southern Turkmenia].
AB  - Three influenza A virus strains were isolated from shorebirds in October, 1977,
      in southern Turkmenia, in the vicinities of Tedzhen water reservoir. From a
      common tern, A/Sterna hirundo/Turkmenia/45/77 strain was isolated with the
      antigenic formula Hav6Neq2, from a teal and a black-headed gull influenza A/Anas
      crecca/Turkmenia/4/77 and A/Larus ridibundus/Turkmenia/13/77 strains with
      previously unknown combination of surface antigens Hswl(H0)Nav2 were recovered.
      By the molecular weight of the heavy (HA1 59,000 d) and light (HA2 24,000 d)
      chains of hemagglutinin, the Turkmenian viruses A/Larus
      ridibundus/Turkmenia/13/77 and A/Anas crecca/Turkmenia/4/77 are similar to each
      other and to the strains having H0 hemagglutinin: A/PR8/34 (H0N1) and
      A/Whale/PO/19/76 (H09Nav2). The Turkmenian viruses are characterized by a low
      content of the light hemagglutinin chain (HA2) which is typical of the viruses
      with Hsw1 hemagglutinin: A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) and A/SW/Wisk/68 (Hsw1N1).

PMID- 6448516
TI  - Laparoscopic liver biopsy.

PMID- 6448517
TI  - [Electromyographic silent period in hemiplegia of cerebral origin].

PMID- 6448518
TI  - [Clinical importance of chromosomal translocations (author's transl)].
AB  - 5835 chromosomal analyses were performed between May 1, 1962 and December 31,
      1978. We found 68 translocations (1.1%). 36 translocation carriers were
      identified as being chromosomally balanced, of whom 24 were healthy and 12
      clinically abnormal (5 showed centric fusions - 3 x D/D, 2 x D/G - and 7 other
      chromosomal rearrangements). 32 translocation carriers were chromosomally non
      balanced, among them 28 patients with centric fusions (12 x G/G, 2 x D/D, 14 x
      D/G) and 4 with other rearrangements combined with characteristic clinical
      features. A review of the chromosomal translocations found in our laboratory is
      presented. The relation between clinical appearance and chromosomal rearrangement
      is discussed.

PMID- 6448519
TI  - Factors which influence CaC12 dependent transfection of lambda DNA in Escherichia
      coli K12 recipients.
AB  - This paper presents further parameters influencing the competence, the process of
      DNA uptake and the efficiency of plating of CaC12-treated E. coli D12 strains. We
      have found that the process of DNA uptake depends not only on the treatment of
      bacteria with a certain CaCl2-concentration but is also influenced considerably
      by a shift-down of the CaCl2-concentration in the reaction mixture. The pH of the
      growth media and of the reaction mixture plays an important role in maintaining
      of optimal transfection. The efficiency of plating is influenced by the thickness
      of the top layer and the concentration of bacteria on the plate. Without genetic
      variation of the strains, by only varying the mentioned factors we could improve
      the efficiency of CaCl2 transfection at about two orders of magnitude to a
      maximum of 6 X 105 pfu/microgram DNA.

PMID- 6448520
TI  - [Gelatinous deposits of a special microbial population on pitwood].
AB  - Conspicuous gelatinous deposits found on permanently drenched pitwood planks in
      an old ore mine were analyzed microscopically. They contained a very
      characteristic microbial community consisting primarily of bacteria producing
      various kinds of slime capsules, stalks, hyphae or other appendages. The high
      degree of morphological diversity and the remarkable enrichment of differentiated
      cell types may reflect selective advantages realized under the continuous
      pressure imposed by such an unusual biotope.

PMID- 6448521
TI  - [(The behaviour of dacron grafts in porta-caval interposition-shunts)].
AB  - After the successful completion of experiments with animals, 7 patients with
      portal hypertension were implanted with porta caval interposition grafts, using
      12 mm gauge, 3-4 cm long, Dacron double velour. In 6 patients after 6-8 month the
      oesophageal varices were again seen, there we must assume that the porta caval
      shunts had closed. In view of this we must state that this material is not
      suitable, and until we have a more efficient alternative the latero-lateral shunt
      is the method of choice.

PMID- 6448522
TI  - [T-lymphocyte suppressor cell activity in children with neurodermatitis].

PMID- 6448523
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition reaction in Bacto-Agar and its clinical use in
      occupational allergic dermatoses].

PMID- 6448524
TI  - [Early detection and determination of the incidence of side effects in the
      hospital by intensive (comprehensive) drug monitoring].
AB  - In the "Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring Berne" (CHDMB) the frequency of
      adverse drug reactions can be either determined by counting individual patients
      with probable or proven reactions to a drug or by mathematic-statistical analysis
      of exposed and nonexposed patients with and without the reaction. These two
      methods are used to show the frequency of a maculopapular rash in connection with
      three antiinfectious drugs. The mathematic-statistical frequency of a
      maculopapular rash was 11.0% for aminopenicillins, 3.7% for other penicillins,
      and 3.4% for co-trimoxazole and sulfonamides compared to 1.2% in patients treated
      with other than the especially mentioned drug groups. Two new adverse reactions
      were detected by this system: arterial hypotension due to novaminesulfon-dipyrone
      (Novalgin) and drug fever to the antidepressive drug nomifensin (Alival). Also
      the frequency of some other, not unusual adverse reactions is demonstrated.

PMID- 6448526
TI  - Degradation of humic acids, extracted from manure and soil by some streptomycetes
      and fungi.
AB  - Humate-decomposing microorganisms were isolated from alluvial soil, farmyard
      manure and peat by direct plating and enrichment techniques. Peat was found to
      harbour more of these organisms than soil and manure. Out of 21 actinomycetes and
      6 fungi 9 and 3 isolates, respectively, were found to utilize manure-humate as a
      sole source of carbon and to a less extent as a source of both carbon and
      nitrogen in liquid medium. These efficient cultures were identified as
      Streptomyces spec. (A 11 and A 12). Str. candidus, Str. violaceoruber (A 41 and A
      42), Str. rubescens, Str. garyphalus, Str. viridochromogenes, Fusarium solani,
      Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium roseopurpureum. Additional sources of
      carbon and nitrogen stimulated microbial degradation of humate. Only five
      isolates formed a zone of decolourization on humate-containing solid medium. Soil
      humic acid was utilized by Str. candidus as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen,
      however, F. solani utilized it only in the presence of additional carbon and
      nitrogen sources. Extent of soil-humate degradation was less than manure-humate.

PMID- 6448525
TI  - [Gold therapy in chronic polyarthritis. Differentiation of allergic and toxic
      side effects].
AB  - The data from 310 patients treated with gold were analysed. The occurrence of
      side effects is lower than the average data in the literature: with "Solganal"
      21.5%, with "Tauredon" 21%. The clinical importance of the differentiation of
      toxic and allergic side effects is pointed out. It seems possible to
      differentiate between the toxic-allergic and the dosage dependent, actually toxic
      side effects. In cases of toxicity caused by retarded metabolisation the use of
      the barbiturate enzyme induction made it possible to continue treatment.

PMID- 6448528
TI  - [Phage-typing of Staphylococcus aureus from slaughtered poultry (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 445 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from poultry and further 345
      strains were isolated from the personnel of a poultry processing plant. The
      strains were typed with the International Basic Set and a set of poultry phages
      according to Gibbs et al. (1978b). In total, it was possible to type 38% more of
      the staphlococci with the poultry set than with the human set, of which the most
      frequent phage reaction occurred in phage groups III (human set) and B1 (poultry
      set). 83% of all the strains which were not typable, using the International
      Basic Set, were however typable with the poultry set. - Poultry specific
      staphylococci, classified according to biochemical characteristics, in general
      did not react with the human set. They did, however, show the most frequent
      reaction in phage groups A and A/B2 of the poultry set. - The human specific
      strains were almost all typable with the International Basic Set. They also
      reacted frequently with the phage group B1 of the poultry set, mainly in
      combinations of B1/III and B1/NT. - In contrast to the International Basic Set,
      the poultry phage set exhibited a lower specifiy, in that a greater number of
      strains were typable with the poultry set which were classified by biochemical
      characteristics as human specific. - It was also possible to type about 70% of
      the human staphylococci with both sets. A clear classification into the poultry
      biotype appeared to be possible only with strains reacting with phages of group A
      of the poultry set.

PMID- 6448527
TI  - [The influence of artificial infrared radiation and microwaves upon
      mucopolysaccharides, protamine sulphate, and mucin in virus-infected organ
      cultures (author's transl)].
AB  - Infrared radiation and 1-2 micron microwaves influenced the infectivity of
      Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) upon chick embryo tracheal tissue in such a way
      that the expected destruction of ciliated epithelium turned out to be incomplete
      or did not take place at all, respectively. Due to the fact that direct damaging
      of viruses following such radiation was not shown and that it was our intention
      to arrange the experimental set-up as if natural rhinolaryngeal conditions had
      induced the infection of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract a study was
      performed in order to establish the radiation influence on mediator substances
      involved in the virus infection of mucous membranes. The mucopolysaccharides,
      chondroitine sulphate and hyaluronic acid, as well as mucin served as models; in
      addition protamine sulphate was used for reasons of comparison. The influence of
      the above substances upon NDV-infection in organ cultures and the effect of
      electromagnetic waves upon such influence were studied. By choosing a virus
      concentration of 10(-8)/ml on chick embryo tracheal tissue it was established
      that the application of infrared radiation (Osram Siccatherm Infrared Radiator,-
      1-2 micron) and cm-waves (Klystron Raytheon Comp. Mass. USA, - 1.35 cm) for a
      length of 10 min. inhibited Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infectivity. The
      suspension fluid was treated with infrared and the tissue with cm-waves. Previous
      experiments revealed that direct radiation influence upon viruses cannot be taken
      for granted which is why the agents, chondroitine sulphate (polyanion) 5-10
      microgram/ml, and hyaluronic acid (polyanion) 10-50 microgram/ml, were used in
      order to study such influence upon NDV-infected tracheal mucous membrane. In
      addition, protamine sulphate (polycation), 5-10 microgram/ml, and mucin were
      used. All the above mentioned substances influenced viral infectivity in organ
      cultures-expressed in terms of quotients: quotient 1 means no influence on the
      motility of the ciliated mucous membrane cells and quotient 0.01 means the
      complete destruction of the cells. Chondroitine sulphate inhibited strong but
      promoted weak virus infectivity, hyaluronic acid inhibited strong virus
      infectivity, protamine sulphate inhibited strong but promoted weak virus
      infectivity and mucin promoted weak virus infectivity in accordance with the used
      virus concentrations (Table 2). Under the influence of infrared radiation the
      mediator substances exercised a different influence upon viral infectivity: 25
      times out of 32 experiments chondroitine sulphate was inhibited and hyaluronic
      acid increased in 8 out of 12 experiments (Table 2). The influence of protamine
      sulphate on viral infectivity was found to be increased 39 times and inhibited 14
      times out of 54 experiments, mucin was inhibited 6 times. Furthermore, it is to
      be added that additional radiation with cm-waves increased the influence of
      infrared radiation (Table 1)...

PMID- 6448529
TI  - On a "chalone"-like factor for Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma.
AB  - In an aqueous ultrafiltrate (10 000--50 000) prepared from Ehrlich ascites
      mammary carcinoma (EAC) cells, ascites fluid and bovine mammary gland, a new
      factor was obtained which is involved in the growth regulating system of EAC
      cells as shown by the following facts: 1) It reversibly inhibits the
      proliferation of EAC cells in a 24 h suspension culture, depending on their
      proliferative state. Thus, stationary cells from the plateau phase of growth in
      vivo are prevented from resuming growth in vitro, while cells taken from the
      active phase of in vivo growth are not inhibited under the same conditions.
      Likewise, stationary cells do not respond when incubated in serum before the
      addition of the factor (depending on serum concentrations and time). The dose
      response curve levels off at higher factor concentrations so that the maximal
      inhibition is about 50--65% (explained with different sensitivities of the cells
      in the assay system). The time course of the inhibition as well as preliminary
      data from flow cytophotometry and labeling with tritiated thymidine indicate an
      interference with the progression of G1-phase cells into the S-phase. 2) The
      activity of the factor is counteracted by insulin and proinsulin, both known as
      growth factors. The insulin concentration needed is dependent on the factor
      concentration; an almost maximal inhibition can be prevented by physiological
      concentrations of insulin. The activity can be destroyed by heat and trypsin and
      differs also in other properties from that of polyamines. The factor could not be
      detected in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart and L 1210 ascites fluid of the
      mouse or in bovine malignant lymph nodes, thymus, kidney or liver. The factor was
      purified from a homogenate of bovine mammary gland by ultrafiltration and
      affinity chromatography on sepharose-bound wheat lectin. Polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis showed about 5 bands of which one contained the activity (in some
      experiments overlapping with a second one). In this way a 800fold purification
      (starting from the ultrafiltrate) could be obtained. The overall purification
      (relative to the centrifuged homogenate) can be calculated to be more than 100
      000 fold.

PMID- 6448530
TI  - [Therapy of warts and corns with cryosurgery].

PMID- 6448531
TI  - [Primary delayed sutures in operations for perforated appendicitis as a
      preventative procedure against abdominal wall infection].

PMID- 6448532
TI  - Incorrect diagnosis of placental insufficiency in a patient with pre-eclampsia.
AB  - A case of pre-eclampsia is described where suspicion of placental insufficiency
      arose due to low estriol levels and a positive oxytocin challenge test (OCT). The
      cause, however, of these findings was later proven to be strictly fetal. It is
      concluded that low estriol levels and a positive OCT may be caused by a decreased
      placental capacity but specific tests of placental function, as for instance
      estimations of HPL in plasma and/or a DHAS-test, should be used to verify or rule
      out a suspicion of placental insufficiency.

PMID- 6448533
TI  - Massive extraperitioneal bleeding -- a rare complication of amniocentesis.
AB  - Amniocentesis is a widely used procedure, infrequently associated with
      complications. A patient in the 16th week of pregnancy is described, in whom
      amniocentesis for the purpose of genetic counselling was complicated by severe
      extraperitoneal bleeding into the abdominal wall, necessitating the surgical
      evacuation of a large hematoma. The bleeding most probably resulted from the
      accidental puncture of the right deep epigastric artery.

PMID- 6448534
TI  - Blood flow in arteries determined transcutaneously by an ultrasonic doppler
      velocitymeter as compared to electromagnetic measurements on the exposed vesels.
AB  - We have compared the instantaneous mean blood velocity measured transcutaneously
      from total cross-sections of arteries in dogs by the use of a new pulsed
      heterodyne ultrasound doppler equipment, with instantaneous blood flow as
      measured simultaneously by an electromagnetic flowmeter applied on the exposed
      vessels. The experiments were performed on the common carotid and the femoral
      arteries in a variety of flow situations, always with a close fit between the two
      curves. The results show that the output from the ultrasound equipment is
      proportional to flow.

PMID- 6448535
TI  - Angiographic determination of cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Determination of blood flow in the cerebral arteries as a fraction of the cardiac
      output was performed by the videodensitometric method and compared to
      electromagnetic flow readings in dogs. The method proved to be highly accurate in
      vivo confirming previous experiments in vitro. It is simple to perform during
      routine cerebral angiography and may produce significant physiologic data not
      readily available by other means.

PMID- 6448536
TI  - Gas-chromatographic evaluation of urinary 17-ketosteroids, etiocholanolone, and
      dehydroepiandrosterone in primary gout and hyperuricemia.

PMID- 6448537
TI  - Hormonal aspects of gouty patients.

PMID- 6448538
TI  - Effects of disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CL2MDP) on Paget's disease
      of bone.

PMID- 6448539
TI  - Transmucosal 45Ca-flux and Ca-ATPase specific activity in basolateral plasma
      membranes of the small intestinal mucosa in response to diuretics.

PMID- 6448540
TI  - The temperature dependence of respiration and ATPase in rat liver mitochondria is
      altered by ethanol.
AB  - We studied hepatic mitochondria to determine the effects of ethanol in vitro and
      of chronic ethanol consumption on the temperature dependence (10 degrees-45
      degrees C) of a) substrate oxidation, and b) ATP hydrolysis, with or without
      CCCP. Arrhenius plots showed the characteristic breaks around 20 degrees C both
      for electron transport and ATP hydrolysis with high energy of activation at low
      temperature and low energy of activation at high temperature. Ethanol, in vitro,
      generally lowered the energy of activation at high temperature and shifted the
      break in the Arrhenius plots to lower temperatures suggesting an increase in
      membrane fluidity. At 40 degrees C and above ethanol accelerated electron
      transport and greatly stimulated ATPase activity. In mitochondria from ethanol
      fed rats, Arrhenius plots showed a shift in the breaks to a higher temperature, a
      finding which suggests a change in membrane structure, possibly associated with
      decreased fluidity. This may be an adaption of the mitochondrial membranes to
      counter the effect of ethanol on membrane structure.

PMID- 6448541
TI  - Immunologic kidney disease.
AB  - Immunologically mediated renal diseases include Goodpasture's syndrome, systemic
      lupus erythematosus, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous
      nephropathy, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, IgA-IgG nephropathy and
      anaphylactoid purpura. In Goodpasture's syndrome, antibodies are directed against
      the glomerular capillary basement membrane. The other disorders appear to result
      from circulating immune complexes which deposit in glomerular capillary walls or
      in the glomerular mesangium. Treatment with steroids and/or immunosuppressives is
      effective in lupus nephritis; in other diseases, the results are less certain.

PMID- 6448542
TI  - Excretion of tryptophan-niacin metabolites by young men: effects of tryptophan,
      leucine, and vitamin B6 intakes.
AB  - Three human metabolic studies, each 35 days in length, were performed to
      investigate the relationship between tryptophan intake and the proportion of
      dietary tryptophan converted to niacin and the effect of supplements of L-leucine
      and vitamin B6 on this conversion. Nine college men consumed a basal diet that
      provided 8 mg of niacin, 1 mg of vitamin B6, and either 245, 548, or 845 mg of
      tryptophan from proteins per day. During each 35-day study, for one 15-day period
      basal diet alone was consumed, for another 15-day period basal diet plus 10 g of
      L-leucine per day was consumed, and for the last 5-day period, 20 mg of vitamin
      B6 per day was added to the diets of both groups. N1-methylnicotinamide, N1
      methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and quinolinic acid were measured in 24-hr urine
      samples. There were no significant or consistent effects of L-leucine or vitamin
      B6 supplements on the excretin of any of the metabolites measured. The proportion
      of tryptophan converted to niacin tended to increase as tryptophan consumption
      increased; however, this change was small and was probably not significant over
      the range of tryptophan intakes studied. The average conversion ration of
      tryptophan to niacin was approximately 72:1 in these subjects.

PMID- 6448543
TI  - Congenital leukemoid reaction followed by fatal leukemia. A case with Down's
      syndrome.
AB  - A serial clinical, hematologic, and cytogenetic study was done on a baby with
      Down's syndrome in whom a myeloid leukemoid reaction developed at birth that
      spontaneously regressed within a month only to relapse two years later to an
      acute undifferentiated stem cell leukemia. He died 1 1/2 months after onset. The
      unresolved controversy of the diagnosis of the congenital leukemia-like state is
      discussed. The importance of following up such patients with apparent remission
      of their congenital leukemia-like disorder is emphasized.

PMID- 6448544
TI  - Cytology of the liver, spleen and peritoneum obtained by sheathed brush during
      laparoscopy.
AB  - A sheathed cytology brush, fashioned to be used during laparoscopy, is described
      for brushing the surface of the liver, spleen and peritoneum. The method has had
      no morbidity or complication in 100 consecutive patients. and has been highly
      successful in obtaining diagnostic cytological material from malignant neoplasms
      involving the liver (94%) and peritoneum (100%). In two cases, biopsies of tumor
      nodules were nondiagnostic, while brush cytology definitively documented
      malignancy. Because the brushing induces minimal trauma and is quick and simple
      to perform, it is suggested that brush cytology be considered a supplement to
      needle and forceps biopsies during laparoscopy. The stainless steel sheath on the
      brush eliminates concern over loss of cytologic material during brush withdrawal.

PMID- 6448545
TI  - A simple function for maternal-age-specific rates of Down syndrome in the 20-to
      49-year age range and its biological implications.
AB  - The familial increase in the rate of Down syndrome with maternal age can be
      represented by a simple equation, consisting of the sum of a constant term plus
      an exponential term that is a first-order function of masternal age: y = a + exp
      (b + cx), where y is the rate in live births, x is maternal age, and a, b, and c
      are constants. Unlikely analyses in which two separate equations were derived
      from different segments of the 20 to 49 maternal age range, this single, simple
      equation can be applied to the entire range. An unlike previous complex equations
      that were derived by regression analysis for the entire age range, the component
      terms can be readily understood as contributions by different etiologic
      categories. This model fits the data recently available by 1-year intervals about
      as well as the approach that used separate equations, but it has fewer parameters
      and requires no ad hoc division of the age range. However, it does not postulate
      a sharp transition in biological processes around maternal age 30, but, rather, a
      process continuously accumulating at a constant exponential rate (analogous to
      that produced by an infectious mechanism), superimposed upon a constant
      background rate.

PMID- 6448546
TI  - Cardiac hypertrophy: useful adaptation or pathologic process?
AB  - An extensive body of evidence supports the concept that cardiac hypertrophy and
      normal cardiac growth develop in response to increased hemodynamic loading and
      abnormal systolic and diastolic stresses at the myocardial fiber level. The
      pattern of hypertrophy reflects the nature of the inciting stress. Experimental
      studies indicate that if the stress is moderate, gradually applied, and the
      animal young and healthy, physiologic hypertrophy of muscle with normal
      contractility develops. In this circumstance, cardiac hypertrophy may be regarded
      as a useful adaptation to increased hemodynamic loading. When the inciting stress
      is severe, abruptly applied, or the animal old or debilitated, pathologic
      hypertrophy develops: in this circumstance, the cardiac muscle produced is
      abnormal and exhibits depressed contractility. Of particular clinical relevance
      is the intermediate situation which seems to develop in many patients with
      chronic left ventricular pressure-overload and perhaps also in left ventricular
      volume-overload. In this situation, chronic left ventricular pressure or volume
      overload is initially matched by adequate hypertrophy in the appropriate pattern.
      Eventually, in some patients, hypertrophy fails to keep pace with the hemodynamic
      overload so that a systolic stress imbalance occurs at the myocardial fiber level
      and left ventricular pump failure ensues. If this situation persists uncorrected,
      it is possible that the increasingly high wall stresses will convert physiologic
      to pathologic hypertrophy. The task of the clinician is to identify this
      intermediate stage and to correct the abnormal hemodynamic loading before the
      transition to pathologic hypertrophy becomes complete.

PMID- 6448547
TI  - Technical progress in pelvic surgery via operative laparoscopy.
AB  - The development of an optimal set of instruments for perfect grasping, cutting,
      sucking, and ligating and of a new system to perform hemostasis by endocoaguation
      through a trocar sheath 7 to 11 mm in diameter permits effective laparoscopic
      surgery. A total of 2,000 operative laparoscopies were performed safely between
      1973 and 1976. Since 1977, laparoscopic surgery has been extended to the
      following procedures: myomectomy (subserous), adnexectomy, ovarian cyst
      resection, removal of a cystoma, and tubectomy in cases of tubal pregnancy. In 82
      such cases, no intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. The normal
      postsurgical healing procedure has been checked during 18 second-look
      laparoscopies and two consecutive laparotomies. These technical advances have
      opened up a new era of gynecologic surgery based on operative laparoscopy.

PMID- 6448549
TI  - Major vessel injury during laparoscopy.

PMID- 6448548
TI  - The treatment of endometriosis at laparoscopy for infertility.
AB  - Endometriosis is found in some infertile women, and treatment by laparotomy
      and/or hormonal therapy is associated with subsequent pregnancy. In this study,
      100 consecutive patients with mild/moderate endometriosis were treated at
      laparoscopy. Forty of these women achieved a pregnancy within 37 months
      postoperatively; 73% of these pregnancies occurred within 6 months, and 88%
      within 12 months of operation. Although this pregnancy rate is similar to rates
      obtained after treatment by laparotomy and/or hormonal therapy, the pregnancies
      in this study population occurred significantly earlier than after laparotomy or
      combined therapy. The age of the women, duration of infertility, parity, extent
      of endometriosis, or presence of additional treatable factors of infertility did
      not affect the pregnancy rate. There was no significant morbidity, and the
      procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis with local anesthesia.
      Laparoscopy offers a practicable alternative for the treatment of mild/moderate
      endometriosis in infertile women.

PMID- 6448550
TI  - The mental health of professionals who work with the developmentally disabled.

PMID- 6448551
TI  - Peritoneoscopy (also known as laparoscopy).

PMID- 6448552
TI  - [Haemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism in man: effects of
      sufentanil and fentanyl (author's transl)].
AB  - The effects of sufentanil (0.7 microgram/kg) and fentanyl (7 microgram/kg) on
      general and coronary haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism were studied in 6
      and 9 patients without cardiovascular disease. Both drugs produced a slight
      reduction in heart rate, cardiac index and mean aortic pressure, whilst
      peripheral vascular resistance remained unchanged. There was a decrease in
      dp/dtmax and a slight increase in LVEDP suggesting minimal depression of
      myocardial contractility. Myocardial blood flow and myocardial oxygen uptake
      slightly decreased due to reduction in pressure-, volume- and frequency-load and
      dp/dtmax. With both drugs arterial concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate
      and free fatty acids and their myocardial uptake did not change significantly.
      Clinically equi-anaesthetic doses of sufentanil and fentanyl produced almost
      identical effects on general and coronary haemodynamics. With regard to the
      cardiovascular actions sufentanil offers no advantage over fentanyl.

PMID- 6448553
TI  - Postdural puncture headache in patients with chronic pain.
AB  - The incidence of headache after dural puncture in patients being treated for
      chronic pain was studied prospectively. Dural punctures were performed in 142
      patients and headache developed in 13 (9.2%). Four of 32 patients (12.5%) who
      underwent diagnostic differential spinal and nine of 110 patients (8.2%) given
      intrathecal steroid injection developed headache. There was a 10.7% incidence of
      headache when a 22-gauge needle was used as compared to 5% with a 25-gauge
      needle. This difference was not statistically significant. The incidence
      decreased with increasing age. The incidence of postdural puncture headache in
      chronic pain patients does not differ significantly from that previously reported
      for surgical patients. All patients who developed headache responded to treatment
      which consisted of intravenous and oral fluids, analgesics, bed rest, and, if
      necessary, epidural blood patch.

PMID- 6448554
TI  - Hemorrhage and cardiac arrest during laparoscopic tubal ligation.

PMID- 6448555
TI  - A study of the costal incision for biliary tract surgery.

PMID- 6448556
TI  - Hemopericardium from retrograde dissection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms rarely result in significant aortic
      dissection, and it is even more unusual to see marked proximal extension of such
      a dissection. We report the case of an 82-year-old man whose fatal dissection and
      hemopericardium originated in an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. This
      is apparently the third such case to be reported. Accurate angiographic
      identification of the site of intimal disruption, whether intrathoracic or intra
      abdominal, is essential for planning proper therapy.

PMID- 6448557
TI  - [Clinico-anatomic conference at Pitie-Salpetriere].

PMID- 6448558
TI  - [Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and acneiform lesions].

PMID- 6448559
TI  - [Divided right ventricle. Angiographic study of 17 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448560
TI  - Combined abdominoplasty and augmentation mammaplasty through a transverse
      suprapubic incision.
AB  - Simultaneous breast augmentation and abdominoplasty through a transverse
      suprapubic incision offers women the opportunity to undergo body restoration with
      one operation, one anestheitc, one incision, and no scars on or near the breasts.
      Prompted by the earlier work of Planas [5] and others, we have performed this
      combined procedure on 8 women since February, 1977, and have compared the results
      with those in 4 additional patients who underwent separate abdominoplasty and
      breast augmentation operations.

PMID- 6448562
TI  - ["Giraffe women" of the high plateaus of Burma].

PMID- 6448561
TI  - [Degeneration of rhinophyma].

PMID- 6448563
TI  - Pathogenesis of active chronic hepatitis.
AB  - The possible immunological mechanisms involved in the progression from acute type
      B hepatitis to chronic hepatitis can be summarised as follows: following
      replication of the virus in the hepatocyte nucleus, the surface coat is added and
      the virus released from the hepatocyte. T cells recognise the foreign viral
      antigen on the surface of the liver cells and mount a T cell mediated reaction
      against infected hepatocytes. They also stimulate B cells to produce antibody to
      LSP, the ensuing antibody-dependent cell-mediated K cell reaction against normal
      liver membrane antigens contributing to the hepatocyte necrosis. Released virus
      stimulates anti-viral antibody production which complexes with the virus, the
      complex being removed by the reticuloendothelial system. With the removal of
      virus there is no longer any T cell reaction against the virus or helper effect
      for anti-LSP production and this, together with a normally functioning suppressor
      T cell system, leads to cessation of liver cell necrosis and recovery from the
      episode of acute hepatitis. In HBsAg-positive ACH as a result of a quantitative
      or qualitative defect in the production of antibody to Dane particles there is a
      failure to clear the virus, with reinfection of further hepatocytes and
      continuation of both mechanisms of immunological liver cell damage. In patients
      progressing to HBsAg-negative ACH, however, anti-viral antibody production is
      adequate and the virus is cleared. In this group of patients the defect probably
      lies in suppressor T cell function, which is unable to switch off the autoimmune
      reaction against LSP. The increased frequency of histocompatibility antigens HLA
      A1 and B8 and the associated high levels of autoantibodies and anti-viral
      antibodies suggests that this defect may be genetically inherited.

PMID- 6448564
TI  - Endoscopic diagnosis of primary cancer of the liver.
AB  - 1. 247 cases clinically suspected of primary cancer of the liver were
      peritoneoscoped during the period of 1970-1978. 2. Peritoneoscopy alone made a
      correct diagnosis of primary cancer of the liver in 93%. It made an error in
      diagnosis in 7%. It missed the diagnosis of primary cancer of the liver in 2%. If
      combined with guided direct vision liver biopsy, the accuracy is almost 100%. 3.
      It is safe procedure and is an accurate way of ruling out the diagnosis of
      clinically suspected primary cancer of the liver.

PMID- 6448565
TI  - [Partial trisomy 21 with 45 chromosomes due to translocation of two chromosomes
      21 onto a chromosome 14 : 45,XX-14,-21,+t(14q21q21q) (author's transl)].
AB  - A patient with the phenotype of trisomy 21 and increased activity of superoxide
      dismutase A is reported with partial trisomy for the distal portion of 21q. The
      exceptional feature in this case is a 45-chromosome karyotype due to the
      translocation of two chromosomes 21 onto the distal end of 14q.

PMID- 6448566
TI  - Partial trisomy and monosomy 21 in an infant with an unusual de novo 21/21
      translocation.
AB  - A 3-month-old boy with a 46,XY,--21,+t(21;21)(pter leads to q22.3::q22.3 leads to
      q11::p11 leads to pter) karyotype, implicating trisomy for the 21q11 leads to
      21q22.2 segment and monosomy for the 21q22.3 sub-band, is described. Most of the
      clinical features corresponded to Down syndrome ; other signs such as large ears,
      prominent nasal bridge and retromicrognathia were interpreted as the expression
      of 21q22.3 monosomy. The abnormal monocentric chromosome had satellites and
      stalks on both ends as a result of a 21q;21q translocation followed by deletion
      of one centromere region. Despite similar stalk size and NOR-Ag positiveness a
      significantly higher association frequency of the centrometric end as compared to
      the acentric end was found. This observation suggests that the satellite
      association phenomenon is not exclusively NOR-dependent, but that the centromeric
      and/or p11 regions of acrocentrics also play an important role.

PMID- 6448567
TI  - [Trisomy 21 by mirror duplication 46,XX,psu dic(21)ter rea (21q21q) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - "Mirror image" duplication of chromosome 21 -- 46,XX,pter dic(21)ter rea(21q21q) 
      - was observed in a patient with the complete phenotype of trisomy 21 and a ses
      sesquialtere de la SOD1.

PMID- 6448568
TI  - A genetic study of some Andhra Pradesh populations.
AB  - Phenotype and gene frequencies of 10 blood group and 12 red cell enzymes are
      examined in urban Hindu and Muslim and tribal Lambadi samples of Andhra Pradesh,
      South India. Genetic heterogeneity is suggested between the tribal and the urban
      samples, both in their gene frequencies and in their breeding structure.

PMID- 6448569
TI  - Basal lamina formation at the site of spinal cord transection.
AB  - The pia-glial basal lamina (BL) at the site of spinal cord injury could be an
      important physical impediment to central nervous system regeneration. We used an
      epithelial BL-specific immunohistochemical stain to determine the location of the
      pia-glial BL after spinal cord transection. Small segments of BL were found at
      the margin of the lesion 5 days after transection. After 10 days, longer and more
      numerous segments were seen. At 20 days, the entire transected end of the spinal
      cord was capped by a layer of BL.

PMID- 6448570
TI  - [Flexion creases of the human finger].

PMID- 6448571
TI  - [Shigella differentiation according to R factor affiliation with incompatibility
      groups taking into account antibiotic resistance spectra].
AB  - The study on 198 Shigella strains isolated from dysentery patients and cultures
      from 3 different dysentery foci showed a possibility of intraspecies typing of
      the causative agents according to the R factor incompatibility groups with regard
      to the antibiotic resistance spectra. The procedure was most effective in
      defining the similarity of the strain origin from the epidemiological foci.

PMID- 6448572
TI  - Moxalactam (6059-S), a novel 1-oxa-beta-lactam with an expanded antibacterial
      spectrum: laboratory evaluation.
AB  - Moxalactam (6059-S) {7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha
      methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-
      carboxylic acid disodium salt} is a new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam
      derivative for parenteral use. It was highly active against a broad range of gram
      negative microorganisms, including those resistant to other cephalosporins.
      Moreover, it had widely expanded antibacterial spectra which included Haemophilus
      influenzae, indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis. When a large number of clinical
      isolates of the above-named bacilli were tested by the agar dilution method,
      using an inoculum size of one loopful of 10(6) or 10(8) organisms or both per ml,
      the 70% minimal inhibitory concentrations at the lower inoculum were 0.2, 0.2,
      0.4, 0.8, 25, and 0.8 mug/ml, respectively. Its activity appeared to be
      independent of inoculum size and addition of serum. In these organisms,
      morphological response of the exposed cells revealed that the bacteriolytic
      effect of 6059-S was initiated by a concentration equivalent to the minimal
      inhibitory concentration. 6059-S was markedly bactericidal to both beta-lactamase
      producing and -nonproducing strains of Escherichia coli; this was well reflected
      by its extraordinary stability to microbial beta-lactamase degradation.
      Administered subcutaneously in mice, 6059-S attained plasma levels and a half
      life similar to those of cefazolin and exhibited potent protective efficacy
      against systemic infections; it also proved to be significantly more effective
      than either sulbenicillin or piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and than
      either cefazolin or cefmetazole against a variety of other gram-negative
      bacteria.

PMID- 6448573
TI  - Moxalactam (6059-S), a new 1-oxa-beta-lactam: binding affinity for penicillin
      binding proteins of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Moxalactam (6059-S) is a new beta-lactam derivative with a structure markedly
      different from those of penicillins or cephalosporins. The binding activity of
      6059-S to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Escherichia coli K-12 was tested.
      [14C]benzylpenicillin- or [14C]6059-S-bound inner membrane proteins of E. coli K
      12 were rapidly detected without using fluorography. 6059-S had the highest
      affinity for PBP-3 and -7/8, had a higher affinity than benzylpenicillin for PBP
      1A, -1Bs, -4, and -5/6 and a lower affinity for PBP-2, 609134, the 1-thiacephem
      analog of 6059-S, showed as high an affinity for PBP-1A, -1Bs, -3, and -4 as 6059
      S but a lower affinity for PBP-5/6.

PMID- 6448574
TI  - Potentially synergistic antimicrobial combinations with metronidazole against
      Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - Synergy studies were performed with metronidazole in combination with
      clindamycin, rifampin, nalidixic acid, ticarcillin, erythromycin, and
      spectinomycin against Bacteroides fragilis strains. An agar dilution technique
      was used with two inoculum sizes (10(6) to 10(7) or 10(3) to 10(4) colony-forming
      units per ml). None of the drugs showed synergy with metronidazole against
      greater than 50% of the strains, and the synergistic effect was generally less at
      the larger inoculum. Of the six drugs tested, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, and
      rifampin showed the most synergy with metronidazole. A partially synergistic or
      additive effect was the usual interaction occurring between metronidazole and
      each of the other drugs and no antagonism was seen.

PMID- 6448575
TI  - Effect of inoculum size and beta-lactamase production on in vitro activity of new
      cephalosporins against Haemophilus species.
AB  - Sixty-three strains of Haemophilus species, 38 of which were beta-lactamase
      producers (37 H. influenzae type b, 1 H. parainfluenzae) and 25 of which were
      beta-lactamase negative (20 H. influenzae, 5 H. parainfluenzae), were tested for
      susceptibility to cefoxitin, moxalactam (LY127935) (Lilly), cefsulodin (CGP 7174
      E, Ciba), and cefoperazone (T 1551, Pfizer). Cefsulodin was relatively inactive
      at both low and high inocula. LY127935 and cefoperazone displayed inoculum
      dependent bactericidal activity. Cefoxitin displayed little inoculum effect
      against beta-lactamase-producing strains: 8 and 16 microgram/ml killed at least
      90% of those tested at 10(4) and 10(6) colony-forming units per ml, respectively.

PMID- 6448576
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of moxalactam (LY127935),
      netilmicin, and ampicillin in experimental gram-negative enteric bacillary
      meningitis.
AB  - Moxalactam (LY127935) is a 1-oxa-beta-lactam which was active in vitro against
      the majority of 128 strains of gram-negative enteric bacilli isolated from
      meningitis in neonates. Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of LY127935
      were studied in a lapin meningitis model. The average penetration of this
      investigational oxa-cephalosporin into cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits
      was 23% compared with 25% for netilmicin and 11% for ampicillin. The
      cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of LY127935 produced median bactericidal
      titers of 1:64 to 1:128 against five coliform organisms (two Escherichia coli K1
      strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella saint-paul, and Citrobacter diversus)
      used in these experiments compared with median titers of 1:2 to 1:8 for
      netilmicin and 1:2 to 1:4 for ampicillin. LY127935 was statistically
      significantly more effective than netilmicin or ampicillin in reducing
      cerebrospinal fluid bacterial colony counts and in sterilizing cerebrospinal
      fluid of experimentally infected rabbits. These results suggest that LY127935 has
      theoretical advantages over netilmicin and ampicillin for therapy of gram
      negative bacillary meningitis.

PMID- 6448577
TI  - Comparison of in vitro activity of moxalactam (LY127935) with cefazolin,
      amikacin, tobramycin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin against 420
      blood culture isolates.
AB  - To compare the in vitro activity of moxalactam (LY127935), a new broad-spectrum
      antimicrobial agent, with cefazolin, amikacin, tobramycin, carbenicillin,
      piperacillin, and ticarcillin, each drug was tested against 420 bacterial
      isolates from the blood of septic patients. Standard broth dilution methods were
      used to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. LY127935
      was as active as the aminoglycosides against aerobic gram-negative organisms,
      including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was at least 10-fold more active than the
      other beta-lactam agents against these bacteria. LY127935 was the most active
      agent tested against Bacteroides fragilis; its activity against all other
      anaerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus was similar to those of the other
      agents tested. All streptococci, however, grew at higher concentrations of
      LY127935 than any other drug, and Streptococcus faecalis and Listeria
      monocytogenes were not inhibited at the highest concentration tested (minimum
      inhibitory concentration, > 64 microgram/ml). Although a greater proportion of
      blood culture isolates were susceptible to LY127935 than to any other drug
      tested, LY127935 does not have a sufficiently broad spectrum of in vitro activity
      to be recommended safely alone for empirical treatment of sepsis of unknown
      etiology.

PMID- 6448578
TI  - In vitro evaluation of cefoperazone.
AB  - The activity of cefoperazone, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, was tested in
      vitro against 670 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive
      cocci. With the exception of Enterobacter spp., it inhibited the majority of all
      organisms tested at a concentration of 6.25 microgram/ml. Of particular interest
      is its good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates which are usually
      very resistant to cephalosporins. When compared with other antibiotics, it was
      more active than any available cephalosporin against the Enterobacteriaceae, and
      its activity was comparable to the investigational drugs tested. Except against
      Pseudomonas, cefoperazone was less active than moxalactam (LY127935). No
      significant decrease in activity was noted in medium and pH variation studies. A
      considerable decrease in activity resulted when the size of the inoculum was
      incrased from 10(5) to 10(7) cells/ml. The minimal bactericidal concentrations
      were within one or two dilution values of the minimal inhibitory concentrations
      against the majority of isolates tested, except Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6448579
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of 104 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae to
      moxalactam (LY127935), ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin.
AB  - A total of 104 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from pediatric patients
      over a 1-year period were tested for susceptibility to moxalactam (LY127935),
      ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin. Of these strains, 30 produced beta
      lactamase. LY127935 inhibited 99% of the strains at a concentration of 0.125
      microgram/ml; the remaining strain was inhibited by this antibiotic at 0.25
      microgram/ml. beta-Lactamase-producing strains were inhibited by ampicillin at
      greater than or equal to 2 microgram/ml. beta-Lactamase-negative strains were all
      inhibited by ampicillin at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, except for one
      nontypable strain which required 2 microgram of ampicillin per ml for inhibition.
      All strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol at less than or equal to 4
      microgram/ml. beta-Lactamase-producing strains were less susceptible (geometric
      mean = 4.702 microgram/ml) to ticarcillin than were strains which did not produce
      beta-lactamase (geometric mean = 0.331 microgram/ml). LY127935 susceptibility was
      not influenced by increasing inoculum size, as ws ampicillin susceptibility.
      Combinations of LY127935 and chloramphenicol or ampicillin were not antagonistic
      in vitro.

PMID- 6448580
TI  - Transduction of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: recipient
      effectiveness and beta-lactamase production.
AB  - The effectiveness of Staphylococcus aureus strain 8325-4 as a recipient for the
      transduction of methicillin resistance requires the presence of a penicillinase
      plasmid but was found to be independent of the lysogenic state of the recipient.
      Effectiveness is conferred by the plasmid in either the autonomous or integrated
      states, although the transduction rate is higher in the former. Once established,
      the maintenance and expression of methicillin resistance were independent of
      continued carriage of the plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Analysis of
      penicillinase plasmid mutants indicated that beta-lactamase production was the
      plasmid function responsible for recipient effectiveness. Supportive evidence
      included the abrogation of recipient effectiveness by the beta-lactamase
      inhibitor clavulanic acid and the elimination of a plasmid requirement with
      recipient strains carrying a chromosomal beta-lactamase determinant. A possible
      role for beta-lactamase production in the transduction of methicillin resistance
      is discussed.

PMID- 6448581
TI  - In vitro activity of cefoperazone against nonfermenters and Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefoperazone against 380 strains (33 species and unnamed
      groups) of nonferenters and 20 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila was studied by a
      microdilution method of determining minimal inhibitory concentrations. For
      comparison, the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, and cefamandole were
      simultaneously studied. Cefoperazone was the most active drug against Pseudomonas
      sp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Flavobacterium
      sp. (group IIb), Group IVc biotype 2, Group Ve, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Against
      other organisms it was equivalent in activity to or less active than comparative
      antibiotics. The only organisms which were usually resistant to 128 microgram of
      cefoperazone per ml were strains of Flavobacterium odoratum and Group IIk biotype
      1.

PMID- 6448582
TI  - Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay for detection and quantitation of endotoxin in a
      small-volume parenteral product.
AB  - A Limulus amoebocyte lysate gel-clotting method for the determination of
      endotoxin in a small-volume parenteral product has been described. Sample
      dilution with 0.1 M potassium phosphate monobasic buffer (pH 8.0) effectively
      eliminated assay interference, whereas dilution with water did not. The threshold
      pyrogenic dose for Escherichia coli EC-2 and O127:B8 endotoxins was determined to
      be 1.0 ng of endotoxin per kg of body weight. Not more than 1.0 ng of endotoxin
      (the threshold pyrogenic dose) per the highest recommended human dose or the USP
      pyrogen test dose per kg of body weight, whichever dose is more stringent, is a
      logical limit for the quantity of bacterial endotoxin in small-volume parenteral
      products. Excellent correlation was attained when this criterion was used to
      compare the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay with the USP pyrogen test.

PMID- 6448583
TI  - Plastid and cytosolic phosphofructokinase from the developing endosperm of
      Ricinus communis. I. Separation, purification, and initial characterization of
      the isozymes.

PMID- 6448584
TI  - Plastid and cytosolic phosphofructokinases from the developing endosperm of
      Ricinus communis. II. Comparison of the kinetic and regulatory properties of the
      isoenzymes.

PMID- 6448585
TI  - Biosynthetic approach to the structure of F1-ATPase (BF1 factor) from Micrococcus
      lysodeikticus membranes: in vivo labeling of the polypeptides and study of their
      relationship.

PMID- 6448586
TI  - Langerhans' cell-free regions in orthokeratinizing sole-of-foot epidermis of the
      adult mouse.
AB  - The distribution of ATPase-positive Langerhans' cells was investigated in whole
      sheets of the glabrous sole-of-foot epidermis of the mouse. This completely
      orthokeratinizing tissue shows distinct morphological differences mainly with
      regard to the dermo-epidermal junction. Whereas the sharply outlined nodular
      prominences in the center of each footpad have a heavily undulated dermo
      epidermal junction, the epidermal baseline in the surrounding tissue and the
      region just proximal to the footpad is flat. A dense population of evenly
      distributed ATPase-positive Langerhans' cells is found in the epidermis which
      surrounds the nodular structures. A slightly reduced population of Langerhans'
      cells is located in the epidermis of 80% of the nodules, occasionally showing a
      concentration in the pronounced epidermal ridges. Twenty percent of the nodules
      possess an epidermis which is completely free of Langerhans' cells. The results
      are discussed in view of the current hypothesis on the biological function of
      Langerhans' cells.

PMID- 6448587
TI  - [Estrogen and androgen receptors in patients with acne vulgaris (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Fifteen male and 9 female patients between 14 and 41 years of age who suffered
      from acne were included in this study. Sixteen endocrine normal males and 27
      females were used as controls. Skin and venous blood samples were taken from both
      normal and acne patients. Specific estrogen and androgen receptor levels were
      assayed under conditions resulting in the estimation of unoccupied receptor
      levels, and the charcoal technique was utilized. Testosterone serum levels were
      determined by radioimmunoassay. No estrogen receptors could be found in the
      normal skin. Of the male and female acne patients 93 and 78%, respectively, were
      estrogen receptor-positive, and their levels were between 11 and 275 fmol/mg
      cytosol protein. On the other hand, 31 and 48%, respectively, of the male and
      female acne patients were androgen receptor-positive, and their receptor levels
      were between 35 and 213 fmol/mg cytosol protein. A correlation of r = 0.71
      between estrogen and androgen receptor levels was noted in the female subjects,
      but no correlation was found in the male subjects. A correlation between
      testosterone serum levels and androgen receptor levels of r = 0.77 and r = 0.66,
      respectively, was noted in the female and male acne patients. The results of the
      present investigation suggest that androgen receptor levels play an important
      role in acne patients with normal testosterone serum levels. In addition, the
      presence of estrogen receptor levels in acne patients indicates a possible
      therapy by anti-estrogens or estrogens.

PMID- 6448588
TI  - Deliberate donor-specific blood transfusions prior to living related renal
      transplantation. A new approach.
AB  - In order to select MLC incompatible one-haplotype related donor-recipient pairs
      that would achieve better graft survival and in an effort to alter the recipient
      immune response, 45 patients received three fresh blood transfuions from their
      prospective kidney donors. Recipient sensitization was evaluated by cross-match
      testing weekly sera obtained during and after the blood transfusions against
      donor T- and B-lymphocytes at 5 C (cold) and 37 C (warm). Thirteen (29%) of the
      45 potential related recipients developed a positive warm T-cell cross-match or a
      persistent warm B-cell cross-match to their blood donor and related
      transplantation was not performed. Thirty-two (71%) patients had an appropriate
      negative cross-match to their blood donor. Thirty of these patients subsequently
      received kidneys from their blood donor. Ninety-seven per cent of the kidneys are
      functioning from one to 25 months with a single graft failure due to a patient
      discontinuing immunosuppressive medication. In addition to the excellent graft
      survival there was an unusually low incidence of rejection episodes in the
      recipients of kidneys from their blood donor so that the posttransplant course
      paralleled that of HLA-identical siblings. This approach may have future
      application with two-haplotype mismatched donor-recipient pairs, both related and
      unrelated.

PMID- 6448589
TI  - An improved technique for producing ventricular hypertrophy with a subcoronary
      valvular aortic stenosis model.
AB  - Although techniques for producing aortic valve stenosis proximal to the ostia of
      the coronary arteries have been described in experimental animals, only moderate
      left ventricular hypertrophy has been obtained. A technique for plicating the
      noncoronary sinus of Valsalva in puppies is presented that has enabled us to
      achieve levels of ventricular hypertrophy not previously reported with methods
      for subcoronary aortic stenosis.

PMID- 6448590
TI  - Determination of maximal ischemic tolerance of the human heart by ultrastructural
      recording of preischemic degree of myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration.
AB  - Three biopsies were taken transmurally in different time intervals (before and
      after ischemia and during the reperfusion phase) from 20 patients undergoing open
      heart operation for acquired valvular heart disease, and the myocardial cylinders
      were examined with the electron microscope. They were scrutinized to see if there
      is a relationship between the degree of hypertrophy and degeneration before
      ischemia and the extent of ischemic damage after a certain ischemia period, and
      between the damage before ischemia and the postoperative outcome of the patients.
      Our results show that the ischemic changes are not dependent on the preischemic
      extent of hypertrophy and degeneration. It seems that they are mainly dependent
      on the duration of ischemia because the degree of ischemic damage increases with
      prolongation of the ischemia interval. However, a good correlation was found
      between the preischemic changes and the postoperative outcome. Especially the
      combination of marked hypertrophy and the appearance of degenerative signs in the
      biopsy taken before ischemia seems to predestine a bad postoperative course.
      Therefore, it can be concluded that the total damage to the myocardial cells,
      which results from the sum of previous damage (hypertrophy and degeneration) and
      ischemic alterations, is responsible for the postoperative outcome.

PMID- 6448591
TI  - Cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 6448592
TI  - Ultrastructural changes induced by 3-acetylpyridine in the central nervous system
      of adult rats.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of an antimetabolite of nicotinamide, 3
      acetylpyridine (3-AP) to adult rats at the dose of 65 mg/kg selectively produces
      lesions of the olivary nerve cells in the medulla oblongata. The neurons show
      progressive swelling and destruction with cell retraction, apparently by
      interference of energy production by means of formation of nicotinamide adenin
      dinucleotide analogues. Although the selectiveness of injury of olivary nerve
      cells to the action of 3-AP still remains unclear, the findings in the present
      work along with those reported in the literature reflect the existence of a
      regional characteristic pattern of metabolism in the various structures of the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 6448593
TI  - Matched elastic properties and successful arterial grafting.
AB  - Clinical results from medium- and small-caliber arterial bypass grafts are
      unsatisfactory. Since elastic properties of grafts tested experimentally have
      been correlated with patency results, the compliance of the human femoral artery
      was compared with grafts currently in use: human saphenous vein (HSV), knitted
      Dacron (DAC), glutaraldehyde-treated umbilical cord vein (DBM), bovine
      heterograft, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This was correlated
      with clinical patency data for the different conduits in the femoropopliteal
      position. Increased patency correlated with a decreasing disparity between host
      artery and graft compliance. After two years, patency rates of the more compliant
      materials (HSV, DBM) exceeded 80%, while less than 45% of the incompliant grafts
      (DAC, PTFE) remained patent. Thus, clinical performance with synthetic grafts
      might be improved by use of prostheses in which the viscoelastic characteristics
      match those of arteries more closely.

PMID- 6448594
TI  - Effect of experimentally induced diabetes on swine vascular prostacyclin (PGI2)
      synthesis.
AB  - Repeated administration of streptozotocin to Gottingen miniature swine led to the
      development of a mild form of diabetes. The amount of PGI2 generated by the
      vessels (abdominal aorta, thoracic aorta, pulmonary artery), as estimated by
      reference to inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, was lower in the
      treated animals than in the controls. The decrease in the synthesis of PGI2 may
      contribute to the prethrombotic state in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6448595
TI  - [Mezlocillin pharmacokinetics and otitis media (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of experimental investigations on the pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin
      in the perilymph after i.m. injection of 200 mg per kg in the guinea pig are
      represented graphically. A retention of this new acylureidopenicillin in the
      inner ear, similar to that of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, is observed. The
      consideration of the mezlocillin perilymph concentrations that resemble those of
      gentamicin on a weight for weight basis and the clinically equivalent dosages of
      these two antibiotics show clearly that the perilymph concentrations of
      mezlocillin, that may be clinically reached, are many times higher than those of
      gentamicin. Finally, the prophylactic and therapeutic importance of the
      mezlocillin perilymph concentrations for infectious inner ear complications
      caused by the usual bacteria of the acute otitis media or the problem germs of
      chronic otitis media is discussed.

PMID- 6448596
TI  - Neuromuscular considerations in mandibular reposturing: the visceral skeleton.

PMID- 6448597
TI  - Incidence of subnormal craniofacial dental development in pediatric patients with
      learning disabilities.

PMID- 6448598
TI  - Instructions for the Willie May swallowing technique.

PMID- 6448599
TI  - Calmodulin as a model for troponin C.

PMID- 6448600
TI  - On the identification of the uncoupler binding protein of bovine mitochondrial
      oligomycin sensitive ATPase.

PMID- 6448601
TI  - Synthesis of carnitine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine in post mitochondrial
      fractions of Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 6448602
TI  - Absence of cytosol effects on the rates of microsomal drug metabolism in alloxan
      and streptozotocin diabetic rats.

PMID- 6448603
TI  - Musculoskeletal manifestations of Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - A review of 290 patients with Paget's disease of bone revealed 83% had one or
      more rheumatic syndromes. The most common finding was back pain (37%), most often
      related to an independent osteoarthritic process or Paget's disease precipitating
      or complicating spinal osteoarthritis. Paget's disease as a sole source of back
      pain was distinctly uncommon (2%). Osteoarthritis related to Paget's disease was
      present in the hip (30%) and knee (11%). Paget's disease in spondylitis was
      present in 4 patients and in ankylosing hyperostosis in 4 patients. The latter
      group had very active Paget's disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (1%), hyperuricemia
      (20%), and gout (4%) did not appear increased in this group.

PMID- 6448604
TI  - Biochemical and clinical responses to dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) in
      Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP, or clodronate disodium) is one of the
      most potent of the known diphosphonates as an inhibitor of bone resorption and
      differs from EHDP in that it does not inhibit skeletal mineralization. It is one
      of the second generation diphosphonates now undergoing clinical evaluation. In
      the study described here Cl2MDP was given by mouth (800-1600 mg/day for 6 months)
      to 35 patients with symptomatic Paget's disease of bone. Cl2MDP induced a marked
      fall in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline to normal or near
      normal values in all patients. This was accompanied by clinical improvement in
      all but 4 patients. Cl2MDP appears to be another effective oral drug for the
      treatment of Paget's disease of bone and compares favorably with the calcitonins
      and EHDP.

PMID- 6448605
TI  - APD in Paget's disease of bone. Role of the mononuclear phagocyte system?

PMID- 6448606
TI  - Due process hearings and PL 94-142.

PMID- 6448607
TI  - Nursing aspects of dental care of the handicapped.

PMID- 6448608
TI  - Comparative echocardiographic features of conditions presenting with symptomatic
      pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in early infancy.
AB  - Echocardiographic dimensions in infants (less than 2 months) with pulmonary
      hypertension, associated with coarctation of the aorta in 21, total anomalous
      venous return in 10, and left-to-right shunts in 14 were compared with 10 infants
      with respiratory distress syndrome, seven with transient tachypnoea of the
      newborn, 20 normal children, and with each other. Distinguishing features of
      total anomalous pulmonary venous return were very significantly lower left atrial
      and left ventricular dimensions. Right ventricular enlargement was maximal in
      patients with coarctation of the aorta and total anomalous pulmonary venous
      return. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in coarctation of the aorta was
      not significantly different from normal but the left ventricular end-systolic
      dimension was significantly lower, suggesting a hypercontractile left ventricle.
      Similar findings were observed in patients with left-to-right shunts. M-mode
      echocardiograms are hence valuable in differentiating conditions which may
      present with intractable congestive cardiac failure in the newborn and also
      distinguishing them from common respiratory disease of the neonate.

PMID- 6448609
TI  - Echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular wall thickness in adults by
      anterior approach.

PMID- 6448610
TI  - Estimation of pulmonary artery wedge pressure from chest radiograph in patients
      with chronic congestive cardiomyopathy and ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - In order to define the relation between chest x-ray findings and the level of
      pulmonary artery wedge pressure in patients with chronic congestive
      cardiomyopathy, 82 patients had chest radiographs before undergoing 92
      haemodynamic studies. The studies were divided into three groups according to the
      level of pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) (group 1: less than 15 mmHg,
      group 2: 15 to 24 mmHg, group 3: greater than or equal to 25 mmHg. Venous
      distribution, interstitial oedema, pleural effusions, left atrial enlargement,
      and right ventricular enlargement each occurred in less than 10 per cent of group
      1 studies. Radiological abnormalities generally distinguished group 1 from group
      2, but none except cardiothoracic ratio distinguished group 2 from group 3.
      Cardiothoracic ratio correlated best with pulmonary artery wedge pressure (r =
      0.70). Alveolar oedema was uncommon when PAWP greater than or equal to 25 mmHg,
      occurring in 32 per cent of group 3 studies. Stepwise multiple linear regression
      analysis showed that cardiothoracic ratio, alveolar oedema, interstitial oedema,
      and left atrial size each contributed independently to the prediction of PAWP.
      The regression analysis improved the accuracy of the estimation of PAWP from the
      findings noted on standard chest radiographs.

PMID- 6448612
TI  - Extradural pethidine.

PMID- 6448611
TI  - Echocardiographic differentiation of hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The clinical differentiation of hypertensive heart disease from hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy usually presents no problem but it is less clear whether an
      echocardiographic distinction can always be made and, if so, what those
      echocardiographic criteria of difference are. It can be inferred from recent
      publications that when echocardiographic criteria for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      are met in hypertensive subjects, both diagnoses may be made. This may be
      unjustified, and in order to clarify this problem that M-mode echocardiographic
      features of 37 patients with severe systemic hypertension were compared with
      those of 70 patients with hypertrophoic cardiomyopathy and normal blood pressure.
      Systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and/or mid-systolic closure of the
      aortic valve were found in 82 per cent of patients with obstructive and 35 per
      cent of patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These features
      were not seen in patients with hypertension. The conventional echocardiographic
      features of left ventricular hypertrophy and function did not permit distinction
      between hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The
      echocardiographic diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease from hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy is, therefore, difficult unless systolic anterior movement of the
      mitral valve and/or mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve can be shown.

PMID- 6448613
TI  - Anticonvulsants and human erythrocyte ATPase activities.

PMID- 6448614
TI  - Laparoscopic removal of an intraperitoneal dialysis catheter.

PMID- 6448615
TI  - Immune-complex disease in mice and humans given C. parvum.
AB  - The present studies in mice and cancer-bearing patients, treated with C. parvum
      (CP) immunotherapy, were to determine the effects of CP on the production of
      immune complexes (IC) and associated disease. Using the Clq-binding assay,
      circulating immune complexes were detected in mice given a single high dose of CP
      (466 microgram) and repeated human-equivalent doses (70 microgram). All mice
      treated with CP developed proliferative glomerulonephritis, the severity of which
      was dose-related. The histological and immunofluorescent patterns of the
      nephritis were those attributed to immune-complex disease. The mice had
      haematuria but were not in renal failure. Fifty patients with inoperable lung
      cancer were studied. All received radiotherapy. Twenty-two had no other treatment
      (controls) and 28 were treated with infusions of CP. Using 2 immune-complex
      assays (Clq binding and monoclonal rheumatoid-factor binding) IC were found in
      10/22 control patients but these did not develop haematuria or proteinuria.
      Twenty-four of the 28 patients treated with CP developed transient haematuria
      and/or proteinuria with red-cell and hyaline casts, the changes resolving over 5
      days. Immune complexes were detected in 5 of these 28 patients before CP
      treatment. Although 16/28 had IC at the time of haematuria and proteinuria, these
      findings were difficult to interpret because IC may occur in response to the
      tumour, the radiotherapy, or the CP. Although no patient developed renal failure,
      we believe that those treated with CP should have regular assessment of their
      renal function.

PMID- 6448616
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan content and synthesis in gastric carcinoma.
AB  - The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of stomach carcinoma tissue was compared with
      that of non-neoplastic mucosa. GAG synthesis was also studied, by an analysis of
      35S-labelled material after incubation of tissue segments in medium containing
      35SO4. No significant difference was found between the amount of GAG and its
      components in the medullary carcinoma tissue and in non-neoplastic mucosa, but
      GAG synthesis of the carcinoma tissue was at a much higher rate than that of the
      non-neoplastic mucosa. In the autoradiograph, high 35S uptake in the carcinoma
      cells was observed. The GAG content of the scirrhous-carcinoma tissue was about
      twice that of medullary carcinoma.

PMID- 6448617
TI  - Significance of cytotoxic lymphocytes after various immunizing procedures in a
      virus-induced non-producer syngeneic system: correlation between in vitro and in
      vivo lytic activity.
AB  - An originally virus-induced, non-producer tumour system has been studied in
      relation to humoral and cellular cytotoxic responses to transplantation and other
      immunization techniques. In all experimental groups cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL)
      were observed either directly or after mixed culture of lymphocytes and tumour
      cells (MLTC). Except for C'-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in mice immunized by
      irradiated cells, no antibody-mediated cytotoxicity was observed. In 2 protocols
      (transplantation and immunization by mitomycin-treated cells) CTL in vitro were
      not protective. In a third protocol (immunization by irradiated cells) CTL
      afforded partial protection and other factors appeared to be involved. The best
      in vivo protection was induced by immunization consequent on early surgical
      removal of a small number of transplanted tumour cells. This study provides lines
      of evidence for the effectiveness of protection supplied by CTL in well-defined
      conditions. Comparison with other modes of immunization indicated that these
      conditions were related to the quantity and to the characteristics of antigen
      involved.

PMID- 6448618
TI  - Controlled trial of the effect of repeated administration of ipratropium bromide
      on ventilatory function of patients with severe chronic airways obstruction.
AB  - A trial was designed to assess whether repeated administration of ipratropium
      bromide for two weeks produced greater improvement than was obtained after a
      single dose. The effect of ipratropium bromide was compared with that of a
      placebo during a double-blind cross-over randomized trial in patients with
      advanced chronic airways disease in a stable state. Ipratropium bromide and
      placebo were both administered by metered dose inhaler for 14 days. There was a
      slight statistically significant improvement of conductance, thoracic gas volume,
      FEV1 and VC after inhalation of ipratropium bromide, but repeated doses of the
      drug did not produce progressive improvement.

PMID- 6448619
TI  - Asthma and atopy in workers with an epoxy adhesive.
AB  - Seven workers using an epoxy adhesive cured with pyromellitic dianhydride were
      studied. Workers both mixed and used the adhesive. Each completed a questionnaire
      about previous respiratory symptoms, family or personal history of atopy, smoking
      history and symptoms using the adhesive. FEV1 was measured as a base-line and
      after working with the adhesive. Skin tests to common allergens were performed on
      all subjects. Two subjects who stated they wheezed with adhesive had falls in
      FEV1 of 15% and 18% from base-line. Totally symptom-free subjects had falls of
      less than 4% from base-line or a rise in FEV1. There was no clear relationship
      between smoking habits or atopic state or skin rashes with resin and a fall in
      FEV1. There is no simple way to identify those at risk of developing wheeze. Care
      should be taken with epoxy adhesives to avoid sensitization and where it occurs a
      simple questionnaire would provide a screening method.

PMID- 6448620
TI  - Comparison of atropine with ipratropium bromide in patients with reversible
      airways obstruction unresponsive to salbutamol.
AB  - Dose-response curves for atropine and ipratropium bromide were made in nine
      asthmatics unresponsive to salbutamol. Conventional doses of ipratropium resulted
      in significantly less bronchodilatation than large doses of atropine, suggesting
      that larger doses of ipratropium should be used.

PMID- 6448621
TI  - Drug-induced anogenital cicatricial pemphigoid.
AB  - A case of cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) with a rare primary localization on the
      mucosal surfaces of the anus and the vulva and on perianal skin, associated with
      long-term therapy with clonidine, is described. Direct immunofluorescence
      investigation of lesional skin suggests possible complement mediated tissue
      injury in between basement membrane and epidermal basal cells. The possibility is
      discussed that drug induced metabolic disturbance (cyclic AMP-system) at a local
      level at the site of the basal cells might lead to the formation of immunogens
      and be one of the initiating factors in subepidermal bullous immune dermatoses.
      It is concluded that in cases of cicatricial pemphigoid the use of drugs must be
      considered as one of the aetiological possibilities.

PMID- 6448622
TI  - Epidermal lipid biosynthesis in acne.
AB  - Lipid biosynthesis from glucose was increased in severe acne both in dermis and
      in epidermis which included the top portions of the pilosebaceous follicles. Both
      tissues retained their characteristic lipid labelling pattern. The magnitude of
      the increase in dermis and epidermis was similar, suggesting that epidermis may
      be subject to the same sebotrophic-lipogenic stimulus which affects sebaceous
      glands.

PMID- 6448623
TI  - Sebaceous gland suppression in female acne patients by combined glucocorticoid
      oestrogen therapy.
AB  - Women with severe acne were treated with a combination of oestrogen and a low
      dose of glucocorticoid daily in order to suppress their androgen production. This
      combination therapy reduced their sebum production by 50%, with a concomitant
      improvement in their acne.

PMID- 6448624
TI  - Tobacco dermatitis.

PMID- 6448625
TI  - Serum steroid sulphates in ichthyosis.
AB  - Serum concentrations of pregnenolone sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
      and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol sulphate were measured by radioimmunoassays
      in twelve patients with various types of ichthyosis. In X-linked ichthyosis (n =
      5), ichthyosis vulgaris (n = 5) and lamellar ichthyosis (n = 1), steroid
      sulphates were not significantly higher than in the control subjects. In one baby
      with ichthyosiform erythroderma and associated deafness serum 5 -androstene-3
      beta,17 beta-diol sulphate concentration was about 60 fold higher (31
      microgram/ml) than the mean of the control children. The other steroid sulphate
      levels were normal in this baby. These results indicate that it is not possible
      to demonstrate the steroid sulphatase deficiency in X-linked ichthyosis by
      determining blood steroid sulphates. The cause of the high 5-androstene-3 beta,17
      beta-diol sulphate concentration in the baby with ichthyosiform erythroderma
      needs further evaluation.

PMID- 6448626
TI  - Systemic mastocytosis with diffuse crocodile-like pachydermic skin, pedunculated
      pseudofibromas and comedones.
AB  - A case of systemic mastocytosis is described, characterized by the severity of
      its cutaneous manifestations (diffuse encephaloid pachydermia, numerous skin
      tumours reminiscent of molluscum fibrosum, and large comedones) associated with
      gastro-intestinal disturbances and high blood histamine values but running a
      benign clinical course.

PMID- 6448627
TI  - A comparison of methods for the study of platelet hyperfunction in thromboembolic
      disorders.
AB  - To gain insight into the interrelationship of various methods for the study of
      platelet hyperfunction, we compared plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG),
      circulating platelet aggregates (CPA), and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in
      119 patients with thromboembolic disorders and 28 control subjects. CPA
      correlated fairly well with beta-TG, suggesting that both methods measure similar
      in vivo platelet activation and aggregation. CPA had an excellent correlation
      with platelet survival half-time. In contrast, there was a poor correlation
      between in vitro platelet aggregation and CPA or beta-TG. These results confirm
      the notion that both CPA and beta-TG procedures are suitable for determination of
      in vivo platelet activation whereas platelet aggregation technique has serious
      limitations to test in vivo platelet activity. In order to have an accurate
      assessment of platelet hyperfunction, a battery of tests are needed.

PMID- 6448628
TI  - The metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid by the foetal rat.
AB  - The metabolism of [I-C14]linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3) by the foetal rat was
      studied in vivo and in vitro It is suggested that foetal brain has the capacity
      to convert linolenic to docosahexaenoic (22: 6 omega 3) acid to meet its
      requirements for docosalhexaenoic acid.

PMID- 6448629
TI  - Aromatic retinal analogues and their interaction with cattle opsin.
AB  - The preparation of seven aromatic analogues of retinal, the isolation and
      characterization of their geometric isomers, and the interaction of these isomers
      with cattle opsin are reported. Within certain limitations, it has been
      demonstrated that stable aromatic rhodopsin analogues can be prepared. In
      general, the stereoselectivity of isomers of these compounds in their interaction
      with opsin and the absorption properties of the resultant pigments are similar to
      those of the parent retinal.

PMID- 6448630
TI  - 4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl phosphate, a new photoaffinity derivative of inorganic
      phosphate. Study of its interaction with the inorganic phosphate binding site of
      beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - 4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl phosphate (ANPP) was synthesized and characterized. ANPP,
      unlabeled or labeled by 32P, was used as a photoreactive analogue of Pi to study
      the Pi binding site(s) in isolated F1-ATPase and inside-out particles from beef
      heart mitochondria. In the dark, the phosphate bond of ANPP was cleaved by
      alkaline phosphatase but not by mitochondrial F1-ATPase. ANPP bound reversibly to
      the phosphate site of F1-ATPase as shown by competitive inhibition of binding of
      Pi to F1-ATPase by ANPP in the dark; the Ki value was 60 microM. Upon
      photoirradiation with visible light, [32P]ANPP bound covalently to F1-ATPase and
      inactivated the enzyme. Part of the added ANPP was, however, photolyzed with
      release of Pi. By extrapolation, it could be calculated that complete inactivatin
      of F1-ATPase was accompanied by incorporation of 32P radioactivity corresponding
      to 1 mol of [32P]ANPP per mol of F1-ATPase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of [32P]-ANPP-labeled F1-ATPase revealed only one radioactive
      peptide with a Mr of 50000. This peptide was characterized as the beta subunit of
      F1-ATPase by specific labeling with [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide [Pougeois, R.,
      Satre, M., & Vignais, P. V. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1408-1413]. Photoirradiation
      of inside-out submitochondrial particles with [32P]ANPP resulted in the labeling
      of two peptides with a Mr of 50000 and 30000-32000; both labelings were
      significantly decreased by incubation of the particles with Pi prior to
      photoirradiation. The Mr 50000 peptide is most probably the beta subunit of F1
      ATPase; the other peptide might be the Pi carrier protein.

PMID- 6448631
TI  - Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli: associations of protein components.
AB  - Interactions between protein components of the chemotaxis mechanism in
      Escherichia coli were investigated by using the cleavable cross-linking reagent,
      dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). Two methods were used to allow detection of
      chemotaxis-specific proteins in intact cells. The first method was to program
      their synthesis in the presence of [35S]methionine using lambda E. coli hybrid
      phages which carry the chemotaxis genes. The second method was to label
      endogenous methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP's), with the methyl donor S
      adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine, after permeabilizing the cells with EGTA.
      Physical associations between proteins were analyzed, after cross-linking, by two
      dimensional NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both labeling methods
      demonstrate that MCP I and MCP II exist as functional tetramers. Other proteins
      involved with chemotaxis were found to form dimers and higher polymers. Phage
      directed products of cheW, cheX, motA, and cheA formed dimers. CheB and hag
      products formed multimers. A number of apparent interactions between different
      gene products were detected as well. Products of cheB, cheW, cheZ, motA, and motB
      were found to form complexes with other gene products. Included are results
      consistent with interactions between the products of cheB and cheZ.

PMID- 6448632
TI  - Investigation, by cross-linking, of conformational changes in F-actin during its
      interactions with myosin.
AB  - The hypothesis that the subunits of F-actin rotate during interactin with myosin
      and ATP has been tested by using the specific cross-linking reagent p-phenylene
      N,N'-bis(maleimide) (PM). The insertion of cross-links between F-actin subunits
      does not change the ability of the F-actin to activate the ATPase of either
      myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) or heavy meormyosin, and its ability to
      superprecipitate with myosin is unimpaired. We conclude that large-scale
      rotations of actin subunits are not required for activity. The cross-linking of F
      actin by PM is, however, inhibited in a noncooperative fashion by S-1 binding,
      suggesting that a small local change in actin structure may accompany the binding
      of S-1 or that S-1 sterically blocks the cross-linking by binding near the
      contact region between actin subunits.

PMID- 6448633
TI  - Mechanism of adenosine 5'-triphosphate cleavage by myosin: studies with oxygen-18
      labeled adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - During the hydrolysis of MgATP catalyzed by myosin, ATP bound to the protein
      undergoes a reaction such that the beta-nonbridge oxygen atoms exchange position
      with the beta gamma-bridge oxygen atom. The extent of this exchange was variable
      but averaged 45% for ATP that had been bound for 2 s at the myosin subfragment 1
      active site at ionic strength 0.08 M, pH 8.0, and 22 degrees C. This result
      proves that ATP cleavage in the myosin active site is readily reversible. The
      result also suggests that the beta-phosphate of ADP that must be formed in this
      cleavage step is highly constrained in the protein.

PMID- 6448634
TI  - Binding of the nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin to deoxyribonucleic
      acid.
AB  - The methanol-extracted, nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin (NCS), which
      has DNA-degrading activity comparable to that of the native antibiotic, was found
      to have a strong affinity for DNA. Binding of chromophore was shown by (1)
      quenching by DNA of the 440-nm fluorescence and shifting of the emission peak to
      420 nm, (2) protection by DNA against spontaneous loss of activity in aqueous
      solution, and (3) inhibition by DNA of the spontaneous generation of 490-nm
      fluorescence. Good quantitative correlation was found between these three methods
      in measuring chromophore binding. There was nearly a 1:1 correspondence between
      loss of chromophore activity and generation of 490-nm fluorescence, suggesting
      spontaneous degradation of active chromophore to a highly fluorescent product.
      Chromophore showed a preference for DNA high in adenine + thymine content in both
      fluorescence quenching and protection studies. NCS apoprotein, which is known to
      bind and protect active chromophore, quenched the 440-nm fluorescence, shifted
      the emission peak to 420 nm, and inhibited the generation of 490-nm fluorescence.
      Chromophore had a higher affinity for apoprotein than for DNA. Pretreatment of
      chromophore with 2-mercaptoethanol increased the 440-nm fluorescence seven-fold
      and eliminated the tendency to generate 490-nm fluorescence. The 440-nm
      fluorescence of this inactive material was also quenched by DNA and shifted to
      420 nm, indicating an affinity for DNA comparable to that of untreated
      chromophore. However, its affinity for apoprotein was much lower than that of
      untreated chromophore. Both 2-mercapto-ethanol-treated and untreated chromophore
      unwound supercoiled pMB9 DNA, suggesting intercalation by both molecules. Since
      no physical evidence for interaction of native neocarzinostatin with DNA has been
      found, it is likely that dissociation of the chromophore from the protein and
      association with DNA are important steps in degradation of DNA by
      neocarzinostatin.

PMID- 6448635
TI  - Stabilization of neocarzinostatin nonprotein chromophore activity by interaction
      with apoprotein and with HeLa cells.
AB  - The methanol-extracted, nonprotein chromophore of the protein antibiotic
      neocarzinostatin (NCS), which possesses the full in vitro and in vivo
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand-breaking activities and the ability to inhibit
      DNA synthesis and growth in HeLa cells of the holoantibiotic, is much more labile
      to inactivation by heat, 2-mercaptoethanol, long-wavelength UV light, and pH
      values above 4.8. Inactivation is inversely related to the methanol
      concentration. The pH activity profile of the isolated chromophore extends to pH
      values below 7.0. Chromophore inactivation is specifically blocked by the
      apoprotein of NCS; 100-fold higher concentrations of the apoprotein of another
      protein antibiotic, auromomycin, gave similar protection, whereas bovine serum
      albumin is even less effective. The chromophore, and not the apoprotein, is
      inactivated by heat or light (360 nm) as determined by both activity and
      isoelectric focusing experiments. In contrast to other chromophoric antibiotic
      substances (daunorubicin and the extracted chromophore of aurodomomycin), the NCS
      chromophore interacts irreversibly with HeLa cells at 0 degrees C in serum-free
      medium so as to inhibit subsequent DNA synthesis at 37 degrees C. Such
      interaction at 0 degrees C is very rapid, reaching 50% completion in about 15 s,
      and is not found with native NCS or when apo-NCS is added before the chromophore
      or when serum is included in the preincubation at 0 degrees C. Washing with apo
      NCS or serum-containing (or-free) medium after preincubation of the cells with
      the chromophore at 0 degrees C fails to reverse the subsequenct inhibition of DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 6448636
TI  - Tubulin-myosin interaction. Some properties of binding between tubulin and
      myosin.
AB  - This report presents evidence suggesting the direct binding between tubulin and
      myosin: (1) coprecipitation of tubulin with myosin occurred at a low ionic
      strength at which no precipitation of tubulin by itself occurred; (2) the amount
      of tubulin coprecipitated was unchanged when the coprecipitate was washed
      thoroughly; (3) about 2 mol of tubulin dimer could bind per mol of myosin at the
      maximum under our experimental conditions. The binding of about 1 mol of tubulin
      dimer was influenced by the presence of F-actin, but that of the other 1 mol of
      tubulin dimer was uninfluenced. In the former binding, tubulin or actin which
      bound first to myosin was suggested to have a priority. With regard to the
      priority of the binding, a similar result was obtained from the experiments of
      tubulin interference in actin activation of myosin Mg2+-ATPase. The tubulin
      myosin binding occurred moderately even at 0 degrees C and was not affected by
      Ca2+ (2 mM), colchicine (200 microM), or Mg-ATP (4 mM), reflecting that the
      ability of tubulin to bind to myosin was different from the ability of tubulin to
      form microtubules and that the nature of tubulin-myosin binding was different
      from that of F-actin-myosin binding. Besides tubulin-myosin interaction, a
      possible interaction between microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and
      actomyosin was suggested from the data that MAPs activated actomyosin MG2+-ATPase
      activity while purified tubulin inhibited the activity.

PMID- 6448637
TI  - Functional arginine residues and carboxyl groups in the adenosine triphosphatase
      of the thermophilic bacterium PS-3.
AB  - Treatment of purified ATPase of the thermophilic bacterium PS-3 with the arginine
      reagent phenylglyoxal or with Woodward's reagent K, gave complete inactivation of
      the enzyme. The inactivation rates followed apparent first-order kinetics. The
      apparent order of reaction with respect to inhibitor concentrations gave values
      near to 1 with both reagents, suggesting that inactivation was a consequence of
      modifying one arginine or carboxyl group per active site. ADP and ATP strongly
      protected the thermophilic ATPase against both reagents. GDP and IDP protected
      less, whilst CTP did not protect. Experiments in which the incorporation of
      [14C]phenylglyoxal into the enzyme was measured show that extrapolation of
      incorporation to 100% inactivation of the enzyme gives 8-9 mol [14C]phenylglyoxal
      per mol ATPase, whilst ADP or ATP prevent modification of about one arginine per
      mol.

PMID- 6448638
TI  - Further kinetic characterization of the non-allosteric phosphofructokinase from
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The labile non-allosteric form of phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate
      1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) was purified to a specific activity of 107
      U/mg (2078-fold) from aerobic cultures of Escherichia coli K-12. The enzyme has
      an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.1, a native molecular weight of 67 000 +/- 3000
      and a subunit weight of 34 000 +/- 400. A number of divalent metal ions can
      substitute for Mg2+ in the enzyme reaction in decreasing order Mn2+ > Mg2+ > Co2+
      > Ca2+. In the presence of excess Mg2+, nucleotides do not affect the Km for
      fructose 6-phosphate with a value of 0.042 mM. The order of efficiency for
      nucleotides to act as phosphoryl donors is ATP > ITP > GTP > UTP > CTP. This
      remains unchanged in the presence of excess Mn2+, but V is increased 2.4-fold
      with ATP. A 2 : 1 ratio of Mn2+/nucleotide 5'-triphosphate produced an equivalent
      dissociation constant of 1.1 mM for all nucleotides, which was markedly decreased
      at a high Mn2+ level. The rate of enzyme catalysis was found to be dependent on
      the concentration of MnATP2-. Mn2+ at non-limiting values does affect the binding
      of fructose 6-phosphate to the enzyme.

PMID- 6448639
TI  - Kinetic properties of tripeptide lysyl chloromethyl ketone and lysyl p
      nitroanilide derivatives towards trypsin-like serine proteinases.
AB  - The steady-state kinetic parameters of the tripeptides D-Val-Leu-Lys-, Ala-Phe
      Lys-, and < Glu-Phe-Lys- in which the free carboxyl group was substituted with p
      nitroaniline (substrate) or chloromethane (inhibitor), towards the serine
      proteinases plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7), thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5), urokinase, factor Xa,
      and trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) were investigated. The p-nitroanilide derives were
      found to be very good substrates for plasmin, 2.5--40-times less efficient
      towards trypsin and very poor (100--10 000-times less efficient) substrates for
      thrombin, factor Xa and urokinase. The chloromethyl ketone derivatives were
      comparably efficient inhibitors of plasmin and trypsin and in general very poor
      (100--10 000-times weaker) inhibitors of thrombin, factor Xa and urokinase. D-Val
      Leu-Lys-pNA however was a very poor substrate but D-Val-Leu-Lys-CH2Cl a very
      efficient inhibitor for thrombin. The variability in susceptibility of the
      substrates towards the enzymes was due to differences in their Michaelis
      constant, in their deacylation rate constant or both. the variable efficiency of
      the inhibitors was mostly due to differences in their dissociation constant and
      much less to differences in their alkylation rate constant. Only a poor
      correlation (r = 0.25) was found between the efficiency of the p-nitroanilides as
      substrate and their homologous chloromethyl ketones as inhibitor. The most
      notable discrepancy was observed with the D-Val-Leu-Lys derivatives towards
      thrombin.

PMID- 6448640
TI  - [Role of suppressor cells in neonatally induced tolerance to transplantable
      hepatoma 22A].
AB  - It was found that adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from tumor-tolerant ice
      result in the enhancement of hepatoma 22a growth. This finding suggests an
      activation of suppressor cells. However, this activation is detectable only in
      the definite period during the immunologic tolerance induction.

PMID- 6448641
TI  - Role of platelet-prostaglandin synthesis in shear-induced platelet alterations.

PMID- 6448642
TI  - Multimarker classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: evidence for further
      T subgroups and evaluation of their clinical significance.

PMID- 6448643
TI  - Mechanism of abnormal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass:
      acquired transient platelet dysfunction associated with selective alpha-granule
      release.

PMID- 6448644
TI  - Fc-receptor-bearing cells in spleen of mice injected with cell-free Ehrlich
      ascites fluid (EAF).
AB  - The kinetics of different cell populations (T and B) and subpopulations (one
      bearing easily releasable FcR and one bearing stable FcR) was followed in spleens
      of mice after one single i.p. injection of EAF. The number of FcR bearing cells
      doubled within 2-7 days after EAF injection. This increase was due to cells
      bearing temperature sensitive FcR and was accompanied by the doubling of theta
      positive cells. These results, supported by the demonstration of doubly labeled
      (theta+FcR+) cells, suggest that EAF injected into normal mice causes the
      appearance of T-cells expressing easily releasable FcR. These cells, according to
      Fridman et al. (1977) are suppressor cells. Maximal increase of theta positive
      cells and of cells with temperature sensitive FcR detected in vitro coincided
      with the maximum of the suppressive activity of EAF detected in vivo.

PMID- 6448645
TI  - Imipramine normalizes naturally-occurring and drug-induced differences in the
      exploratory activity of rats.
AB  - 1 Exploratory activity of female hooded rats was measured in a Y maze on two
      occasions, 1 week apart. Locomotion (maze arm entries), rearing, and head-dipping
      into pots were scored for 5 min at each trial. 2 In control rats, differences
      between individuals in the amount of locomotion and rearing were consistent, as
      shown by significant test-retest correlations (r = +0.55, and +0.83
      respectively). There was no correlation between head-dipping scores obtained in
      the two tests. 3 Imipramine (Imip) pretreatment before the second trial (10 mg/kg
      i.p on the 3 preceding days, and 2.5 mg/kg 1 h before) abolished these
      correlations. The scatter of the scores about the mean was also reduced by Imip,
      but there was no significant change in mean scores. Thus Imip appeared to have a
      'normalizing' effect on locomotion and rears: after pretreatment, scores tended
      to be more uniform, and no longer reflected naturally-occurring individual
      differences. 4 Imip abolished the changes in exploratory activity produced by
      drugs which alter brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism: p-chlorophenylalanine
      (100 mg/kg 24 h before testing) increased and DL-5-hydroxytryptophan (12.5 mg/kg
      1 h before testing) decreased the fall in activity over the trial in saline
      treated rats but not that in Imip-treated rats. In this case, Imip also produced
      an overall reduction in activity scores. 5 The normalizing effects of Imip on rat
      behaviour may be analogous to its therapeutic effects in human depressive
      disorders.

PMID- 6448646
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase and the oral cholecystogram.

PMID- 6448647
TI  - Technetium 99m-plasmin: a new test for the detection of deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical problem requiring early diagnosis
      and treatment in order to prevent serious sequelae. Currently available
      diagnostic acids are suboptimal, since they are either invasive (phlebography),
      insensitive (ultrasound), or slow (125I-fibrinogen uptake test). The 99Tcm
      plasmin test was compared with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. The results were
      concordant in 38 of 40 cases studied (11 concordant positive and 27 concordant
      negative); a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found. In a further 20
      patients, the 99Tcm-plasmin uptake test was compared with X-ray contrast
      phlebography. In this series, 12 patients presented with concordant negative
      results, five patients with concordant positive results and three patients with a
      positive 99Tcm-plasmin uptake test in the presence of a negative phlebogram. Of
      these three cases, two presented with clinical evidence of pulmonary embolism and
      positive perfusion/ventilation lung scans. 99Tcm-plasmin appears to have the
      potential for early and rapid screening of deep-vein thrombosis 15 minutes after
      intravenous injection. The test is safe, quick, economic and easy to perform.

PMID- 6448648
TI  - The value of laparoscopy under local anaesthesia in 250 medical and surgical
      patients.
AB  - This study reports our experience of laparoscopy under local anaesthesia in 250
      patients; the procedure was safe, quick and easy to perform with minimal
      inconvenience to the patient. We advocate the early use of laparoscopy in
      patients with ascites and when there is difficulty in the diagnosis of patients
      with jaundice and hepatomegaly, an accurate histological diagnosis being obtained
      in the majority. In patients with intra-abdominal malignancy, in whom surgery is
      planned, laparoscopy can detect disseminated disease and so avoid an unnecessary
      laparotomy. Laparoscopy may also provide a diagnosis in patients presenting with
      a variety of vague symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, lethargy etc. We
      have found laparoscopy an excellent investigation if positive but, as if only
      allows the surface inspection of viscera, when negative, we recommend caution in
      its interpretation.

PMID- 6448649
TI  - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of two unusual tuberculous abscesses.
AB  - A case report of a patient with two extraperitoneal tuberculous abscesses in the
      abdominal wall diagnosed by ultrasound is presented.

PMID- 6448650
TI  - Event recording in a clinical trial of a new medicine.
AB  - In a double-blind trial of the effect of zimelidine on weight and appetite 24
      obese patients were allocated at random to receive either zimelidine or placebo
      for eight weeks followed by the alternative treatment for eight weeks. Possible
      adverse effects were elicited by asking patients at weekly intervals whether they
      had experienced any symptoms or ailments and recording all such "events" on a
      special form. A conventional checklist of symptoms was also used. Among 19
      patients who completed the trial the two methods of recording yielded similar
      patterns of events. Of symptoms not on the checklist, insomnia was more common
      during treatment with zimelidine. Event recording was found to be a practicable
      and convenient method of detecting possible adverse effects.

PMID- 6448652
TI  - Surgical treatment for prolapsed lumbar disc.

PMID- 6448651
TI  - Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis and treatment.

PMID- 6448653
TI  - Hypothyroidism in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6448654
TI  - Seating the disabled.

PMID- 6448655
TI  - Perinatal practice and compensation for handicaps.

PMID- 6448656
TI  - Bladder cancer as a prescribed industrial disease.

PMID- 6448657
TI  - Employment of the disabled.

PMID- 6448658
TI  - Perinatal practice and compensation for handicap.

PMID- 6448659
TI  - A diagnostic survey of infants referred for chromosome analysis in the neonatal
      period.
AB  - Examination and assessment of 140 liveborn and stillborn infants referred within
      two weeks of birth for chromosome analysis showed that 48 had Down's syndrome, 12
      other chromosome abnormalities, 17 single gene disorders, 18 recognisable
      anomalads, 8 recognisable syndromes of unknown aetiology, and the remainder were
      undiagnosed. Of the non-Down's cases that were diagnosed, 21% had a chromosomal
      abnormality. These results suggest that a request for chromosome analysis in the
      newborn period should be viewed as one step in syndrome identification.

PMID- 6448660
TI  - Perinatal practice and compensation for handicap.

PMID- 6448661
TI  - Early intervention in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 6448662
TI  - Perinatal practice and compensation for handicap.

PMID- 6448663
TI  - Influence of testicular fluid infected with Treponema pallidum on intradermal
      lesions.
AB  - A viscous mucoid fluid occasionally accumulates after intratesticular inoculation
      of rabbits with Treponema pallidum. Experiments were performed to assess the
      effects of this testicular fluid on the development of syphilitic lesions.
      Intramuscular injections of this fluid altered host defences as indicated by
      shorter incubation periods, by reactivation of healing lesions, and by the
      presence of lesions at a time when solid immunity should have developed.

PMID- 6448664
TI  - Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to spectinomycin and thiamphenicol.
AB  - Between 1966 and 1978 the sensitivities of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (70
      80 strains in each year) to penicillin, thiamphenicol, and spectinomycin were
      tested. For penicillin the proportion of less sensitive strains increased from
      21% in 1976 to 41% in 1978 and for thiamphenicol from 10% to 18% over the same
      period. All the strains proved to be sensitive to spectinomycin. A significant
      correlation in the degree of sensitivity was observed between penicillin and
      thiamphenicol but not between penicillin and spectinomycin.

PMID- 6448665
TI  - The etiology of toxic peripheral neuropathies: in vitro effects of acrylamide and
      2,5-hexanedione on brain enolase and other glycolytic enzymes.
AB  - The in vitro effects of the neurotoxic compounds, acrylamide and 2,5-hexanedione,
      on several glycolytic enzymes including enolase, phosphofructokinase (PFK),
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
      were studied in rat brain. A differential sensitivity of the enzymes to the
      inhibitory effects of the neurotoxins was observed. The order of increasing
      sensitivity to 2,5-hexanedione was enolase -- GAPDH -- PFK and to acrylamide the
      order was PFK -- enolase -- GAPDH. Neither neurotoxin inhibited LDH. The
      inhibition of enolase by acrylamide exhibited a mixed type pattern in double
      reciprocal plots. The inhibition could be completely reversed by dialysis
      indicating that it did not involve covalent bond formation. In the presence of
      dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione the inhibition of enolase by either
      acrylamide or 2,5-hexanedione was potentiated. Activity of enolase inhibited by
      both acrylamide and DTT could not be restored to pre-inhibition rates following
      dialysis indicating that an irreversible interaction between acrylamide and
      enolase had taken place. The results suggest that neurotoxic compounds which
      produce distal axonopathies have a common pattern of attack on glycolytic enzymes
      and that interruption of glycolysis is the underlying biochemical basis for both
      the physiological and morphological damage caused by these compounds.

PMID- 6448666
TI  - [Molecular mechanism of tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates].

PMID- 6448667
TI  - [Morphological and functional polarization of a simple epithelium in culture :
      the thyroid model].

PMID- 6448668
TI  - [Radioautographic demonstration of the methods of incorporation of tritiated
      leucine into germ cells of the testis incubated in a modified Rose chamber].
AB  - The influence of the blood-testis barrier on the synthetic capabilities of male
      germ cells in the mouse as investigated by quantitative radioautography in
      aggregates of seminiferous tubules incubated in a modified Rose chamber, in the
      presence of tritiated leucine. In the seminiferous tubule, a distribution
      gradient of radioactivity could be seen : radioactivity decreased from the
      periphery towards the lumen. Labelling intensity was approximately equivalent in
      type B spermatogonia and pachytene primary spermatocytes but was only one third
      as heavy in spermatids (steps 4-5). These results which confirm prior
      observations carried out in both animal and germ cells isolated from the
      seminiferous epithelium by differential sedimentation velocity indicate that the
      blood-testis barrier has no significant effect on the capacity for synthesis
      peculiar to each germ-cell population.

PMID- 6448669
TI  - [Establishment of spermatogenesis in guinea-pigs at puberty].
AB  - The establishment of spermatogenesis in the guinea-pig was studied by a
      microscopic method. The spermatogenesis starts before day 16 and the first
      spermatozoa appear on day 55. Spermatozoa are seen in the tail of the epididymis
      on day 60 and in the ductus deferens between day 70 and day 80. Relations exist
      between increase of testicular testosterone and setting of spermatogenesis in the
      guinea-pig.

PMID- 6448670
TI  - [Electrophysiological study of the development of corpus callosum connections
      between somato-sensory areas in white rats].
AB  - Electrophysiological study of the development of transcallosal connections
      between both SI somato-sensory cortex in the albino rat. This study shows that
      the maturation of transcortically evoked responses (unit activity as well as
      evoked potentials) begins post-natally and matures very slowly.

PMID- 6448671
TI  - [Different effects of the replacement of extracellular sodium with lithium on the
      abnormal spike discharges caused by 2 convulsants, Metrazol and strychnine, on an
      identifiable giant neuron of the mollusc Achatina fulica Ferussac].
AB  - The influences of the replacement of sodium with lithium in the extracellular
      medium on the abnormal spike discharges, caused by two convulsants, metrazol and
      strychnine, of a giant neurone (TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) identified in
      the suboesophageal ganglia of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac)
      were examined. The slow oscillations of potential caused by metrazol disappeared
      after this replacement. On the other hand, the abnormal action potentials caused
      by strychnine, as well as the normal action potentials, still remained after the
      removal of sodium in the medium.

PMID- 6448672
TI  - [Effects of clavines, ergot alkaloids, on the membrane potential of an
      identifiable giant neuron of the African giant snail Achatina fulica Ferussac].
AB  - The effects of seven clavines, alkaloids of ergot, on the electrical activity of
      an identifiable giant neurone (TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) of the African
      giant snail were examined. All the substances examined, lysergine, agroclavine,
      elymoclavine, festuclavine, chanoclavine, rugulovasine A and rugulovasine B, at 2
      X 10(-4) kg/l have no constant effect on TAN, indicating that they have no direct
      effect on this neurone. However, the substances examined, except for
      chanoclavine, in the same concentration occasionally caused the transient
      depression with an augmentation of trans-synaptic influences. This depression may
      be due to the trans-synaptic influences. The four substances examined, lysergine,
      agroclavine, elymoclavine and festuclavine, in the same concentration produced
      TAN abnormal spike discharges, doublet or triplet spikes.

PMID- 6448673
TI  - [Comparative in vitro activity of chlorine and bromine on the cysts of free
      living amoebae].
AB  - A continuous flow type apparatus is used for investigation of the chlorine and
      bromide activity in vitro on the cysts of two free-living amoeba strains :
      Naegleria gruberi and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The Naegleria cysts are sensitive
      more to chlorine than to bromine ; those of Acanthamoeba are perfectly resistant
      to these disinfectants in the limit of the available concentrations in swimming
      pools. The sensibility to these disinfectants stays the same at 25 degrees C and
      35 degrees C.

PMID- 6448674
TI  - [Demonstration of gonadotropic cells in the adenohypophysis (pars distalis and
      pars tuberalis) of the monkey Macacus irus. Immunofluorescence study using human
      anti-beta-FSH and ovine anti-beta-LH antibodies].
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti-beta FSH and anti-beta oLH
      antisera has allowed us to detect "gonadotropic cells" in the pars distalis and
      in the pars tuberalis of the adenohypophysis of the monkey Macacus irus. In the
      pars distalis, 85-90 % of the "gonadotropic cells" react simultaneously with
      these two antisera ; 10-15 % of these cells react only either with anti-beta hFSH
      or anti-beta oLH antisera. The gonadotropic cells are dispersed in the whole pars
      distalis, amid the other cellular types ; indeed, in the female, there is a
      "gonadotropic zone" in the median zone of the lateral lobes of the gland. In the
      pars tuberalis, we have observed "gonadotropic cells" which react only with anti
      beta oLH antiserum. These results are compared with observations of some authors.

PMID- 6448675
TI  - [Changes of the course of experimental epileptic attacks by curarization].
AB  - In our studies on the Rabbit, the time of seizure in increase after curarization.
      The curare do not pass through the blood brain barrier ; the action of drug can
      not be a direct action on the central nervous system.

PMID- 6448676
TI  - [Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods applied to the immunochemistry of
      Candida].
AB  - Cytoplasmic soluble extracts of yeasts were compared by quantitative
      immunoelectrophoretic methods. Comparative studies of Candida albicans and
      Candida tropicalis permitted to confirm the antigenic complexity of fungi and the
      existence of important cross-reacting antigens between this two yeast, to
      demonstrate the specificity of the Candida tropicalis cell-wall antiserum and the
      presence of soluble cell-wall constituents in cytoplasmic yeast extracts. Crossed
      line immunoelectrophoresis with and without absorption of antibodies in situ
      demonstrated four specific antigens unique to Candida albicans group A
      cytoplasmic extract not shared with the group B. The other procedures used were
      not sufficient for identification, since the resulting patterns were confusingly
      complex.

PMID- 6448677
TI  - [Value of the histoenzymologic characterization of esterases in normal and
      pathologic rectal mucosa in children. Preliminary results of 30 cases].
AB  - The presence of cholinergic nerve fibers is studied in 30 suction rectal biopsy
      specimens from 5 days to 7 years old children. An increase in numbers and size of
      cholinergic fibers in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae and absence of
      submucosa ganglion cells are related to 7 Hirschsprung's diseases. In the
      neonates acetylcholinesterase activity may not be strong enough to stain
      cholinergic fibers and makes the diagnosis more difficult.

PMID- 6448678
TI  - [Comparative study of the progestomimetic and contraceptive activity of
      quingestanol acetate with 5 other progestational molecules].
AB  - The progestomimetic, contraceptive activities of quingestanol acetate are
      compared to those of five molecules (chlormadinone acetate, norgestrel,
      progesterone, norethisterone acetate, lynestrol). In the opinion of the authors,
      the therapeutic efficacity of contraceptive pills cannot be judged solely
      according to the weight of their various ingredients. An appreciation of the
      value of the various substances is based on a comparison between their
      physiological activity and their weight. The concept of a mini-dosage pill should
      therefore be considered, and due consideration paid to the physiological activity
      of each ingredient. In the experiments described here, quingestanol acetate shows
      marked statistical differences to the other five molecules.

PMID- 6448679
TI  - [Maternal serum levels of chorionic gonadotropin and its alpha and beta free
      subunits as a function of the fetal sex. Preliminary study].
AB  - The maternal serum levels of hCG and its alpha or beta subunits were measured in
      96 normal pregnancies and correlated with the fetal sex. During the first 20
      weeks (69 cases), the maternal serum levels of hCG, of its alpha subunit and
      particularly of its beta subunit were higher in cases of female fetuses. However
      no statistically significant difference was observed between the levels of hCG or
      its subunits in serum of pregnancies with male or female fetuses. During the
      second half of pregnancy, the serum hCG levels were discretely higher in cases
      with female fetuses (no significant difference) and the serum levels of its alpha
      or beta subunits were identical in cases of male of female fetuses.

PMID- 6448680
TI  - [Increased conjugation of catecholamines during normal pregnancy].
AB  - Urinary elimination of conjugated catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline)
      is increased during normal pregnancy (60.5 % in the normal ; 70 % in the
      pregnants).

PMID- 6448681
TI  - Formocresol vital pulpotomy on permanent dentition.

PMID- 6448682
TI  - A comparison of the efficacy of a live and four inactivated vaccine preparations
      for the protection of cats against experimental challenge with Chlamydia
      psittaci.
AB  - A commercial live feline-chlamydial vaccine and four experimental inactivated
      preparations were compared on the basis of clinical protection in cats challenged
      conjunctivally and intranasally with Chlamydia psittaci. Best protection was
      afforded by the live vaccine. Good results were also obtained using inactivated
      preparations of a recent feline conjunctival isolate. Protection did not
      correlate with the development of complement fixing antibodies but may be related
      to the induction of a cell mediated response as assessed by the lymphocyte
      blastogenesis test.

PMID- 6448683
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopical findings
      in relation to lightmicroscopy. A study of 74 cases.
AB  - From 74 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), fresh biopsy material from
      involved tissue was investigated histochemically and by light and electron
      microscopy. The results were compared with the light microscopical conclusions
      based on three currently utilized classifications, namely of Rappaport, Lukes,
      and Lennert. The separate groups of low-grade NHL appeared to consist of
      homogeneous cell populations, both in immunohistological as well as in
      enzymehistochemical and electron microscopical sense. On the contrary, high-grade
      NHL constituted a heterogeneous group in which supplementary
      (immunohistochemical, enzymehistochemical, and electron microscopical)
      investigation is very useful. All NHLs reacted with anti-human lymphocyte serum,
      including the so-called histiocytic NHLs according to the Rappaport
      classification, which proves their lymphocytic origin. Consequently the prefix
      "histiocytic" should be altered in a morphogenetically correct way. Without
      exception the B-cell NHLs were characterized by the presence of monoclonal
      immunoglobulin on the cell membrane and/or intracytoplasmically. In a part of the
      immunologically non-T-/non-B-/("null cell") NHLs, a B-cell origin was indicated
      by the presence of ATPase and/or 5' nucleotidase and a T-cell origin by the
      presence of dot-like acid phosphatase.

PMID- 6448684
TI  - Enhancement of naturally occurring human spontaneous monocyte-mediated
      cytotoxicity by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).
AB  - The effect of the antineoplastic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP)
      on spontaneous cytotoxicity of human mononuclear cells in vitro was assessed. cis
      DDP enhanced spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity 300% compared to control
      values. Further, this spontaneous monocyte killing developed earlier (3 to 4
      days) than did that of untreated cells (5 to 7 days). Since monocyte cytotoxicity
      is under the control of lymphocyte suppressor cells, the effect of cis-DDP on
      separated populations of lymphocytes and monocytes was examined. Unlike X
      irradiation which enhanced monocyte cytotoxicity through the indirect pathway of
      inactivation of lymphocyte suppressors, cis-DDP directly stimulated the monocyte
      population. Direct stimulation of killer monocytes may be an important mechanism
      of the antitumor effect of cis-DDP.

PMID- 6448685
TI  - Radiosensitive, thymic hormone-sensitive peripheral blood suppressor cell
      activity in cancer patients.
AB  - Suppressor cell activity which was radiosensitive in most subjects and thymic
      hormone sensitive in some was identified in patients with cancer, and compared to
      simultaneously studied normal controls. Suppressor cell activity was measured in
      cocultures of normal lymphocytes with patient lymphocytes added in microwells
      using the blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A as the
      measure of activity. Thirty-five patients (lung cancer, 21; leukemia in
      remission, seven; and various solid tumors, seven) and an equal number of
      controls were studied. Suppressor cell activity was identified in 71% of the
      patients. In approximately 75% of these, the suppressor cell activity was
      radiosensitive (4000 to 6000 rads). For the phytohemagglutinin response,
      suppressor cell activity was thymic hormone sensitive in approximately 40%
      (Thymosin Fraction 5 or thymic humoral factor), and for the concanavalin A
      response, it was thymic hormone sensitive in about 25% of the cases. There was a
      significant correlation between the presence of immunodeficiency (defined as a
      phytohemagglutinin response < 35,000 or a concanavalin A response < 12,000 cpm)
      and the presence of the suppressor cell activity. The suppressor cell activity
      was heterogenous relative to its radiosensitivity and thymic hormone sensitivity.
      Suppressor cell activity was observed in all the patient categories. These
      results indicate that certain available therapeutic manipulations may have
      significant effects on suppressor cell activity and should be an important
      subject for further investigation.

PMID- 6448686
TI  - Structure-activity relationships among various retinoids and their ability to
      inhibit neoplastic transformation and to increase cell adhesion in the C3H/10T1/2
      CL8 cell line.
AB  - Various natural and synthetic retinoids have been studied for their activity in
      two biological systems: (a) their activity as inhibitors of methylcholanthrene
      induced neoplastic transformation in the C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 mouse fibroblast line
      (System 1); and (b) their ability to increase the degree of adhesion of
      C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells to a plastic substrate (System 2). These activities were
      then compared with their known activity in maintaining epithelial differentiation
      (System 3). With the notable exception of retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid,
      which were inactive in Systems 1 and 2, an excellent correlation was observed
      between activities in Systems 1 and 3 for retinyl acetate, N-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, retinylidene dimedone, N-ethylretinamide, and N
      benzoylretinylamine. Compounds shown to be inactive in System 1 had little or no
      activity in System 2. However, the ability of retinoids to cause increased
      adhesion could not be correlated with Systems 1 or 3 in all cases. For instance,
      retinyl acetate was highly active in Systems 1, 2, and 3, whereas retinylidene
      dimedone was highly active in Systems 1 and 3 but weakly active in System 2.
      Conversely, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinylamide was highly active in Systems 1 and 3
      but caused a decrease in System 2. The lack of activity of 3 but caused a
      decrease in System 2. The lack of activity of retinoic acid isomers in the
      C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 system is paradoxical and may provide important information on
      requirements for their activation and/or transport.

PMID- 6448687
TI  - Initial clinical study with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) in patients
      with advanced cancer.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with inoperable malignancies were given 75 courses of N
      (phosphonaceteyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA). Twenty-seven of these patients received
      PALA as a continuous iv infusion over 24 hours at dose levels ranging from 500 to
      10,500 mg/m2 of estimated body surface area. In addition, ten patients were given
      PALA by continuous iv infusion over 120 hours at total doses ranging from 4000 t0
      8700 mg/m2. The dose-limiting toxic effects occurred in the skin (erythema,
      vesiculation, and bullae) and gastrointestinal mucosa (oral pain, cheilosis, oral
      mucosal ulceration, diarrhea, and hematochezia). Toxic reactions seemed more
      pronounced in patients with third-space fluid compartments. Myelosuppression was
      severe only in patients with pre-existing marrow dysfunction from neoplastic
      infiltration. No renal, hepatic, cardiac, or neurologic toxicity was seen. No
      cumulative toxic effects were evident in 14 patients who received repeated
      courses of PALA at 21-day intervals. For patients without third-space fluid, 8700
      mg/m2/24 hours or 6500 mg/m2/120 hours were well-tolerated doses. One patient
      with chondrosarcoma had a partial response lasting 5 months.

PMID- 6448688
TI  - Phase II evaluation of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) in patients with
      non-small cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 6448689
TI  - Phase II study of maytansine and chlorozotocin in patients with disseminated
      malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6448690
TI  - Activity of the anthracycline agent, 7-con-O-methylnogarol (7-OMEN), administered
      orally to mice bearing P388 or L1210 leukemia.
AB  - The magnitudes of the therapeutic and toxic responses observed when 7-con-O
      methylnogarol (7-OMEN) was administered orally to mice inoculated ip or iv with
      P388 of L1210 leukemia were essentially equivalent to those seen after ip
      administration of the drug, indicating a significant degree of gastrointestinal
      absorption.

PMID- 6448691
TI  - [Apparent (?) immunoreactivity of digoxin in the sera of rats with cardiac
      overload--on the problem of an endogenous cardiotonic (endocardin) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448692
TI  - The blood supply of duck muscle spindles.
AB  - The blood supply of duck muscle spindles from the extensor pollicis and the
      extensor digitorum comminis wing muscles has been studied by light and electron
      microscopy. Capillaries usually accompany the nerve bundle that innervates the
      spindle, approaching at an oblique angle around the midequatorial region.
      Capillaries may run for some distance along the surface of the outer capsule, or
      penetrate partially into the outer capsule and lie between layers of the capsule
      cell processes. Some capillaries also penetrate the outer capsule, running into
      the periaxial space and continuing further towards the polar region. They have
      been shown to be in close contact with intrafusal muscle fibres, from the juxta
      equatorial to the polar region, but have not been encountered among sensory
      terminals in the mid-equatorial region.

PMID- 6448693
TI  - Soluble suppressor factor produced by pokeweek mitogen-stimulated human
      peripheral blood leukocytes.

PMID- 6448694
TI  - The induction of suppressor T cells by lipopolysaccharide in human peripheral
      blood lymphocyte cultures in the presence of fetal calf serum.

PMID- 6448695
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of transplantation tolerance. I. Do suppressor cells
      play a role in the induction and maintenance of neonatal transplantation
      tolerance?

PMID- 6448696
TI  - Glucocorticosteroid modification of lymphocyte blastogenesis in tumor-bearing
      hosts.

PMID- 6448697
TI  - Cultivation and characterization of macrophages from murine embryonic skin. Are
      they Langerhans cells?

PMID- 6448698
TI  - Prostaglandin-mediated regulation of the mixed lymphocyte culture and generation
      of cytotoxic cells.

PMID- 6448699
TI  - Induction kinetics of human suppressor cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and
      influence of prednisolone on their genesis.

PMID- 6448700
TI  - Cellular basis of the immunohematologic defects observed in short-term
      semiallogeneic B6C3F1 -- C3H chimeras: evidence for host-versus-graft reaction
      initiated by radioresistant T cells.

PMID- 6448701
TI  - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity for T-cell proliferative
      responses: autologous and allogeneic suppression in aging humans.

PMID- 6448702
TI  - The nature of inactivating lesions produced by platinum(II) complexes in phage
      lambda DNA.
AB  - Lambda DNA loses transfectivity and acquires interstrand cross-links after
      treatment with either trans-Pt(II) or cis-Pt(II). With trans-Pt(II) there is
      close to an equivalence between the fraction of lambda DNA cross-linked and the
      fraction inactivated. In contrast, with cis-Pt(II) there are approx. 5
      inactivating lesions for each lambda DNA interstrand cross-link. These results
      suggested that trans-PT(II) does not introduce intrastrand inactivating lesions
      into lambda DNA while cis-Pt(II) does so. To verify this conclusion, the cross
      linked and uncross-linked fractions of lambda DNA treated with trans-PT(II) or
      cis-Pt(II) were separated on alkaline sucrose gradients. After trans-Pt(II)
      treatment, the uncross-linked fraction of lambda DNA was transfective when
      renaturated. However after cis-Pt(II) treatment the uncross-linked fraction of
      lambda DNA was not transfective when renatured. Thiourea treatment restored
      transfectivity to all inactivated fractions, showing that these lesions are
      reversible. We conclude that trans-Pt(II) inactivates lambda DNA primarily by
      introducing interstrand cross-links but that cis-Pt(II), although it also
      introduces interstrand cross-links, inactivates lambda DNA primarily by
      introducing intrastrand lesions.

PMID- 6448703
TI  - [Studies on immunogenicity of esophageal cancer (the interaction between extracts
      of esophageal cancer and sera from esophageal cancer patients) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448704
TI  - [Sturge-Weber syndrome (a clinical report of 22 cases) (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448705
TI  - [Report of 10 cases of giant intrathoracic terato-dermoids (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448706
TI  - [Acupoint selection in subtotal gastrectomy based on manifestations during
      operation and theory of "collaterals" and "channels" (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448707
TI  - [Functional cardiovascular changes during subtotal gastrectomy under acupuncture
      anesthesia (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448708
TI  - [The prophylactic effect of hypertension control of 1925 patients in the Capital
      Iron and Steel Plant (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448709
TI  - [Determination of zinc and copper concentrations in human serum by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448710
TI  - [A simplified cryosurgical device for treatment of cervical erosions (a study of
      181 cases followed for one to three years) (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448711
TI  - [A microscope-television sensor scanning technique for measurement of
      microvascular diameter (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448712
TI  - [Studies on fermented corn flour poisoning--a new species of food poisoning
      bacteria: Flavobacterium farinofermentans n. sp. (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448713
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of indirubin action in the treatment of chronic
      granulocytic leukemia. II. Effects of indirubin on nucleic acid and protein
      synthesis in animal transplantable tumor cells and normal proliferating cells in
      vitro (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448714
TI  - [Experimental therapy of acute radiation sickness with ethinylestradiol (EED). I.
      Therapeutic effect of EED on acute radiation sickness of dogs (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448715
TI  - [Studies on coagulation and fibrinolysis. I. Fibrinolysodynamicogram and its
      application (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448716
TI  - Phase II trial of streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in
      adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - A phase II study study employing 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and streptozotocin
      in unresectable pancreatic carcinoma was performed. Seven of 22 patients (32%)
      responded and 4 of 22 (18%) had stable disease. Median survival of the entire
      group was 6 months, and of responders 9.5 months. In 13 patients with localized
      disease, five responses (38%) were seen and median survival was 7.5 months.
      Toxicity of the regimen was moderate, being predominantly gastrointestinal and
      renal. The usefulness of this regimen in localized pancreatic cancer should be
      explored further.

PMID- 6448717
TI  - [Use of the degeneracy of the genetic code by selective pressure to cut up genes
      of procaryote genomes].
AB  - The DNA sequences of three bacteriophages are analysed in order to localise those
      parts coding for a protein. A weak stability on the DNA molecule allows us to
      characterize the beginning and the end of genes. A survey of the codons used
      shows that the cause for this weak stability is the systematic use of A-T bases
      in third position, which is made possible by the degeneracy of the genetic code.

PMID- 6448718
TI  - [Mode of action of a soluble restricted factor, a suppressor of the allogeneic
      proliferative response in man].
AB  - Appearance of "suppressor cells" is induced by in vitro hyperimmunization of
      lymphocytes against allogeneic cells, incompatible for one HLA-DR antigen. These
      "suppressor cells under certain conditions, release in the culture medium,
      "suppressor factors" of the in vitro allogeneic proliferative response in Man.
      They are not immunoglobulins and act in a non specific way towards the
      stimulators. Only one of them is restricted to some individuals. This is shown
      when either responders or stimulators are incubated for different periods, with
      the "suppressor factors" prior to the primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLRI).
      The beneficial effect of transfusions on kidney graft survival, could be, in
      part, explained by a suppressor mechanism, analogous to the one described in
      vitro.

PMID- 6448719
TI  - Immunoregulation of the proliferative response of lymphocytes by soluble E
      receptors.

PMID- 6448720
TI  - Electron microscopic demonstration of IgG antibodies directed to erythroblast in
      primary acquired pure red cell aplasia.

PMID- 6448721
TI  - Suppressor cell-mediated leukopenia and T-cell dysfunction in Nezelof's syndrome.

PMID- 6448722
TI  - Suppression of mitogen- and alloantigen-induced proliferation by chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia cells of T-cell origin.

PMID- 6448723
TI  - Immunological studies in sickle cell disease. I. Analysis of circulating T
      lymphocyte subpopulations.

PMID- 6448724
TI  - The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory: general guidelines to its use
      and interpretation in orthopedics.
AB  - The MMPI is a valuable source of additional information for the orthopedist faced
      with trying to manage patients who may have hysterical or hypochondriacal
      tendencies. The presence of elevations on scales 1 (hypochondriasis) and 3
      (hysteria) markedly reduces the chances for successful therapeutic intervention,
      whether it be surgical or conservative. A clinical interview by a psychologist in
      conjunction with the MMPI has improved diagnosis and management programs for
      patients with low back pain.

PMID- 6448725
TI  - A quantitative analysis of new bone formation by induction in compositive grafts
      of bone marrow and bone matrix.

PMID- 6448726
TI  - [Anti-secretory therapy of peptic ulcer with cimetidine and activation of the
      mucosal barrier with zolimidine: preliminary results of combined treatment].

PMID- 6448728
TI  - Dial for communication.

PMID- 6448727
TI  - New assay for the plasminogen activator activity of transformed cells.

PMID- 6448729
TI  - Vegetative endocarditis with generalized bacterial embolism in association with
      phlegmon induced by Dracunculus insignis in a raccoon.
AB  - Lesions of streptococcal vegetative endocarditis and subsequent embolic disease
      are described in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). A phlegmon of the animal's forelimb
      associated with Dracunculus insignis infestation was believed to be the primary
      site of bacterial invasion.

PMID- 6448730
TI  - Pulmonary circulation in juvenile hypertension.
AB  - In 28 juvenile hypertensives (mean age 24 years) central haemodynamics was
      investigated at rest and during exercise. Hypertensives had significantly higher
      diastolic pulmonary artery pressure at rest than controls. Pulmonary diastolic
      pressure increased in parallel with cardiac output during exercise in
      hypertensives, in controls there was no relationship of pulmonary wedge pressure
      to cardiac output. Patients with diastolic pulmonary artery pressure higher than
      12 mmHg at rest, or higher than controls during exercise, showed also signs of
      left ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG and/or X-ray. Those who were hyperkinetic
      and had systemic blood pressure greater than or equal to 150/90 at rest, had also
      significantly higher mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest. A correlation
      between total pulmonary, as well as pulmonary vascular and systemic resistances
      has been found at rest and during exercise in hypertensives; in controls, there
      was a correlation between the total pulmonary, as well as pulmonary vascular, and
      systemic resistances at rest; during exercise there was a correlation between
      total pulmonary, as well as postcapillary pulmonary and systemic resistances.

PMID- 6448731
TI  - Acne vulgaris aggravated by sunlight.
AB  - The symptoms of approximately 3 percent of our patients with acne vulgaris worsen
      during the summer months even though they maintain previously effective therapy.
      We show herein that the addition of 5 percent para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in
      alcohol (used as a sunscreen) resulted in marked improvement in their ability to
      tolerate sunlight. This condition, acne vulgaris aggravated by sunlight, has been
      compared to acne aestivalis which is another sunlight-induced disorder.

PMID- 6448732
TI  - Pulmonic valve stenosis, atrial septal defect and left-to-right interatrial
      shunting with intact ventricular septum. A distinct hemodynamic-morphologic
      syndrome.

PMID- 6448733
TI  - [Use of voltaren for the treatment of backache].

PMID- 6448734
TI  - [Subpopulations of human peripheral blood suppressor cells regulating lymphocyte
      response to different doses of concanavalin A].

PMID- 6448735
TI  - [Elastoviscosimetric detection of spontaneous damage to the lymphocyte DNA
      structure of patients with Down's disease].

PMID- 6448736
TI  - [RNA-dependent ATPase from the cells of a Krebs 2 ascitic carcinoma].

PMID- 6448737
TI  - Short-term tests for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in drug toxicology: how to
      test and when to test is the question.

PMID- 6448738
TI  - [Release of handicapped motorists from duty to fasten seatbelts].

PMID- 6448739
TI  - Effect of insulin and nutrition on serum levels of somatomedin A in the rat.
AB  - The serum levels of somatomedin A, as measured by radioreceptor assay, were
      significantly reduced in rats 2 days after the administration of streptozotocin.
      The mean decrease was 45.4 +/- 2.9% of the initial values. In rats treated with
      insulin, blood glucose levels and glycosuria decreased, and serum somatomedin A
      returned to 108.3% +/- 11.7% of the initial values by the sixth day of treatment.
      In untreated diabetic rats, serum somatomedin A decreased progressively to 23.4
      +/- 4.4% 8 days after streptozotocin administration. The total caloric intakes in
      the treated and nontreated diabetic rats were similar, suggesting that the low
      levels of somatomedin A in diabetic rats may be due to lack of insulin. A
      significant correlation was observed between serum somatomedin A values and body
      weight (r = 0.90) or the urinary glucose (r = -0.84) or blood glucose levels (r =
      -0.67). When the diabetic insulin-treated rats were fed a low protein diet, there
      was no increase in serum somatomedin A. Inhibitory factors in serum which
      interfere in the bioassay for somatomedin had no effect in our radioreceptor
      assay.

PMID- 6448740
TI  - Patterns of cellular peptide synthesis by cultured bovine granulosa cells.
AB  - The electrophoretic distribution of the polypeptides synthesized by bovine
      granulosa cell cultures after metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine has been
      analyzed by double gel electrophoresis. The fluctuations of 35 polypeptides have
      been followed as a function of the size of the follicles from which cultures
      originated, as a function of the cultures' proliferative stage (sparce, actively
      growing vs. confluent, resting cultures), and finally as a function of whether
      cells were exposed to either epidermal or fibroblast growth factor. When the
      patterns of protein synthesis in sparce vs. confluent granulosa cell cultures
      derived from small-sized follicles were compared, only a few differences were
      observed. In confluent cultures, 6 new peptides appeared, while 1 peptide present
      in sparce cultures disappeared. Cultures maintained in the presence of fibroblast
      or epidermal growth factor synthesized 20 new peptides upon reaching confluence.
      Among these were the 6 new peptides present in confluent but not in sparse
      granulosa cell cultures maintained in the absence of growth factors. The changes
      in protein synthesis observed in cultures grown in the presence of growth factors
      may reflect their direct effect on the cellular metabolism. A comparison between
      the protein distribution in cells derived from small- vs. large-sized follicles
      showed that fewer proteins were ultimately produced at confluence in cells
      derived from large-size follicles than in cells derived from small-sized
      follicles. This could be related to the process of cellular differentiation
      taking place within granulosa cells. The patterns of [35S]methionine-labeled
      proteins secreted by the granulosa cells into the incubation medium were analyzed
      and found to be similar regardless of the size of the follicle from which the
      culture originated. Little similarity between the proteins present in the
      follicular fluid and the pattern of the labeled proteins secreted into the
      incubation medium by cultured granulosa cells was observed. Only three proteins
      were identified which comigrate with proteins present in the follicular fluid.
      One of these was identified as fibronectin. This raises the possibility that the
      fibronectin present in the follicular fluid originated from granulosa cells and
      is not derived from plasma.

PMID- 6448741
TI  - [Trisomy 21 associated with XYY karyotype].

PMID- 6448742
TI  - Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of liver metastases in 80 cases of malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - 80 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma were submitted to
      laparoscopy. 44 had advanced disease and 36 were clinically locoregional (23
      stage I, 13 stage IIb). Results of a liver scan and liver function tests were
      available before starting this procedure. In all cases, biopsies were obtained
      through the laparoscope using a Menghini liver biopsy needle, specimens, being
      taken under visual control from the macroscopically suspected area. If no lesions
      was seen, two needle biopsies were taken at random from the anterior and
      posterior areas of both lobes. The liver was invaded in 11% of the patients with
      advanced disease, and in 23% of those with stage IIb. All the positve
      laparscopies occurred with biochemistry and/or liver scan were also abnormal, and
      biopsies taken at random in normal-looking livers were all negatives. Benign
      tumors were found in 13% of the cases. Some of these were indistinguishable from
      metastatic melanoma on the basis of their maroscopic aspect alone.

PMID- 6448743
TI  - An unusual complication of laparoscopy: pneumopericardium.
AB  - Case report of a 17-year-old man with acute bridging hepatitis in whom
      laparoscopy was followed by subcuteneous emphysema, penumomediastinum and
      pneumopericardium. No previous report has been published on pneumopericardium as
      a complication of laparoscopy.

PMID- 6448745
TI  - fluoropyrimidine-induced antagonism to free and tightly bound methotrexate:
      suppression of [14C] formate incorporation into RNA and protein.

PMID- 6448746
TI  - A monoclonal antibody blocking human T cell function.
AB  - The possible functional role of T cell surface antigens defined by monoclonal
      antibodies was investigated. Five monoclonal anti-T cell reagents as well as an
      anti-Ia and anti-beta 2-microglobulin antibody were examined for their effect on
      T cell function. It was shown that an antibody termed anti-T3, reactive with all
      peripheral T cells, blocked T cell proliferative responses to soluble and cell
      surface antigens. This inhibition was seen when T lymphocytes were treated with
      as few as 10(4) anti-T3 molecules per cell. Although anti-T3 could block the
      generation of cytotoxic T cells in mixed lymphocyte culture, once generated, anti
      T3 had no effect on cytotoxicity. In addition, anti-T3 abrogated the ability of T
      cells to provide help to B cells in a pokeweed mitogen-driven immunoglobulin
      system. More importantly, these functional effects were not seen with the other
      monoclonal antibodies. Both the appearance of this antigen in intrathymic
      ontogeny and its critical role in T cell function suggests that the T3 molecule
      is related to an important antigen recognition receptor or cell-cell interactions
      molecule.

PMID- 6448744
TI  - Long-term hazards of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated
      dibenzofurans.
AB  - During January 10-11, 1978 in Lyon, France, a joint National Institute of
      Environmental Health Sciences/International Agency for Research on Cancer ad hoc
      Working Group considered and discussed the feasibility of coordinating
      epidemiological studies on the long-term hazards associated with the chlorinated
      dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs and and PCDFs). Nineteen
      invited scientists from eight countries presented introductory working papers
      summarizing the most up-to-date and relevant information available from their
      individual programs. This report represents the collective views and scientific
      opinions of the Working Group. The greater part of this document comprises
      epidemiological studies related to episodes of human exposures. The review begins
      with a brief section concerning possible routes of human exposure, an overview of
      the pertinent chemical characteristics, and the salient toxicological properties
      of the structurally similar PCDDs/PCDFs. The Working Group report ends with
      recommendations for future activities.

PMID- 6448747
TI  - Individual-specific (idiotypic) T-B cell interactions regulating the production
      of anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl antibody. I. Generation of suppressor T cells and
      antibody directed against immunocompetent cells.
AB  - It is known from several experimental systems that the production of dominant
      antibody idiotypes may be regulated by anti-idiotypic mechanisms. Our aim has
      been to test whether the potential for such control also exists in the more
      typical heterogeneous antibody responses of inbred mice to the trinitrophenyl
      (TNP) hapten, where dominant idiotypes are not recognized. CBA mice were
      hyperimmunized to trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Serum or lightly
      fixed spleen cells from these mice were injected into normal syngeneic
      "recipients". The serum and spleen cells from these recipients were found to have
      the power to suppress in vitro anti-TNP antibody responses made by further spleen
      cells from the donor mice. This suppression was specifically directed against the
      cells of the individual donor animals suggesting idiotype-related regulation.

PMID- 6448748
TI  - Individual-specific (idiotypic) T-B cell interactions regulating the production
      of anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl antibody. II. Development of idiotype-specific
      helper and suppressor T cells within mice making an immune response.
AB  - The previous report demonstrated that serum and cells from CBA mice immunized
      with trinitrophenyl (TNP), when injected into normal, syngeneic "recipient" mice,
      induce the formation of apparently idiotype-specific suppressor cells and serum
      factors, and that such regulatory elements develop within the serum of the TNP
      immunized animals themselves. In this report, it is indicated that regulator
      cells develop also within the spleens of TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immunized
      animals, and may in part be responsible for our earlier observation that T cells
      from TNP-immune CBA mice stimulate optimal antibody production in culture when
      paired with B cells from the same individual animal. While some evidence for
      individual-specific T helper cells was obtained, the poorer response of
      mismatched T and B cells could be attributed in part to Ly-2.2-bearing suppressor
      T cells. Overall, the results support the view that idiotype-related regulation
      is not confined to dominant-idiotype models but is also involved in heterogeneous
      anti-hapten antibody responses.

PMID- 6448749
TI  - Enhancement of DNA synthesis by colchicine in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts stimulated
      with growth factors.

PMID- 6448750
TI  - Alterations of enzymatic activities during red and white muscle differentiation
      in vitro.

PMID- 6448751
TI  - An epidemiologic critique of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID- 6448752
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii: genetic recombination between drug resistant mutants.

PMID- 6448753
TI  - Feedback suppression: an immunoregulatory circuit.
AB  - The basic elements of the feedback suppression circuit of T cell interactions are
      summarized. Ly1 T cells can be stimulated directly to become inducers of Ly2+ T
      suppressor cells or helper cells for B cells that produce antibody to erythrocyte
      antigens. Ly2 cells can be activated to become suppressors only in the presence
      of Ly1 cells. An Ly1,2,3, cell is the acceptor of the Ly1 inducer signal. Using
      an intermediate culture technique, it can be shown that Ly1 inducers are a target
      of suppressor T cell activity.

PMID- 6448754
TI  - [Exocytosis of peripheral blood leukocytic enzymes in hyperergic inflammation].

PMID- 6448755
TI  - Communicating with and treating the blind child.

PMID- 6448756
TI  - [Is the coincidence of vitiligo and professional exposure to parateriary
      butylphenol in polychloroprene glues a causality or not? (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448757
TI  - Malate dehydrogenase in African trypanosomes--I. Preliminary studies with T.
      brucei.

PMID- 6448758
TI  - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions increase pancreatic sensitivity to
      streptozotocin in rats.
AB  - Rats with electroytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMX rats) and
      sham-operated controls (SHAM rats) were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at a
      dose of 50 mg/kg 48 h after the lesions were made. VMX rats were significantly
      more sensitive to STZ in that over 70% died within 6 wk, shereas none of the SHAM
      rats dies. When smaller doses of STZ were given to VMX rats (30--35 mg/kg), a
      large percentage still died, although the survivors appeared equally as diabetic
      (in terms of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia) as SHAM rats given a larger dose
      of STZ. At 25 mg/kg, the surviving VMX rats were more hyperglycemic than matched
      controls. We suggest that the increased B-cell activity known to occur in VMX
      animals might be the important factor in the increased sensitivity to STZ
      observed. We speculate that similar variation in pancreatic B-cell response to an
      environmental injury may be an important determinant of diabetes susceptibility
      in man.

PMID- 6448759
TI  - Modification of the glomerular basement membrane in sucrose-fed and
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Rats were fed on diets containing either sucrose or starch as the carbohydrate
      component (55%) for eight months. Diabetes was induced in animals of both groups
      by injecting streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats failed to gain
      weight, had enlarged kidneys, polyuria and elevated blood glucose levels. Starch
      and sucrose fed rats gained weight normally and had normal blood glucose levels.
      Sucrose fed rats had enlarged kidneys. Regional thickening of the glomerular
      basement membrane was present in sucrose-fed and diabetic rats but not in starch
      fed controls. Glomerular basement membrane isolated from pooled kidney cortices
      from rats in the different experimental groups were analysed for amino acid,
      disaccharide and hexosamine content. Hydroxylysine (9 to 20%), hydroxyproline (21
      to 24%), disaccharide (27%) and hexosamine (26%) were increased in membranes
      insolated from the three experimental groups, compared with starch-fed non
      diabetic controls. An increase in low molecular weight components of the
      glomerular basement membrane of sucrose-fed and diabetic rats was observed using
      electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. Significantly higher (p < 0.001)
      glucosyltransferase activity was present in kidney supernatants prepared from
      sucrose-fed (1050 +/- 60 nmol/2h/kidney) compared to starch-fed rats (510 +/- 40
      nmol/2h/kidney). Sucrose feeding induces changes similar to those found in
      diabetes and the induction of diabetes made little difference over the feeding of
      sucrose alone.

PMID- 6448760
TI  - Combination chemotherapy of L1210 mouse leukemia using a new water-soluble
      nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea, with
      various antimetabolites.

PMID- 6448761
TI  - Mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reaction between remission lymphocytes and
      autochthonous leukemia cells and its relationship to the prognosis of acute
      leukemia.
AB  - The mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reaction (MLTR) between peripheral lymphocytes
      and cryopreserved autochthonous leukemia cells was studied in 36 adult patients
      with acute leukemia after complete remission as a result of chemotherapy. In 20
      patients the lymphocytes showed a significant blastogenic response to
      autochthonous leukemia cells. Eleven out of 18 patients with acute myeloblastic
      leukemia and 4 out of 5 with acute monocytic leukemia showed positive MLTR,
      whereas 5 out of 13 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia gave a positive reaction.
      Cryopreserved leukemia cells of the patients with not only positive but also
      negative MLTR were able to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes, except in one case.
      The relationship between MLTR and the prognosis of leukemia was analyzed in 30
      patients who were alive more than 6 months after diagnosis. No apparent
      correlation was observed between MLTR and the survival time from diagnosis.

PMID- 6448762
TI  - Caffeine-induced recovery from G2 block caused by neocarzinostatin.
AB  - Caffeine was found to act as a stimulator of the recovery of HeLa-S3 cells from
      the G2 phase arrest induced by a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, neocarzinostatin
      (NCS). When the cells were incubated in the presence of caffeine after removal of
      NCS, the time required for the recovery of mitosis was dependent on the
      concentration of NCS and was markedly shortened by caffeine treatment in a
      concentration-dependent manner. When puromycin, a specific protein synthesis
      inhibitor, was added together with caffeine, a temporary recovery of mitosis was
      observed, followed by an irreversible arrest of mitosis, suggesting that the
      terminal point of action of NCS resides closer to the M phase than that of
      puromycin. These results indicate that the mechanism of NCS-induced G2 block is
      closely related to that of X-ray-induced G2 block.

PMID- 6448763
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis in parents with a balanced structural chromosome aberration
      (author's transl)].
AB  - By means of 10 case reports, the significance of prenatal diagnosis and the risk
      for the progeny of parents with a balanced structural chromosomal aberration are
      demonstrated. The aberrations were ascertained through: a previous malformed
      child, previous miscarriages or stillbirths or through fetal cell analysis during
      prenatal diagnosis performed for independent reasons. Theoretical considerations
      concerning the estimates of risk figures in these families are presented and the
      currently available risk values which are the basis of the indication for
      prenatal diagnosis, given.

PMID- 6448764
TI  - [The post-laparoscopic pain syndrome (author's syndrome)].
AB  - Following laparoscopy 18.5% of 200 patients had sub-phrenic pain on the day of
      operation and 28% had shoulder pain. During the night following the operation or
      on the first post-operative day 30.5% of the 200 patients had sub-phrenic pain
      and 54.5% had shoulder pain. A total of 63% of the patients had shoulder pain and
      37.5% of the patients had sub-phrenic pain. 31.5% of the patients had a
      combination of both types of pain. Most of the sub-diaphragmatic pain was on the
      right side. In 93% of all patients the post-operative radiological investigation
      of the chest showed subphrenic gas. The remaining gas was aspirated and measured
      by infrared spectroscopy. All the remaining gas was carbon dioxide. The
      previously suggested absorption rates for carbon dioxide are probably too high.
      The transition of anaesthetic gas (e.g. N2O) through the peritoneum into the
      abdominal cavity as suggested by Hodgson, McClelland, and Newton was not detected
      in these measurements. The most likely cause of the post-laparoscopic pain
      syndrome is the effect of the volume of the remaining gas of the phrenic nerve.

PMID- 6448765
TI  - Isolation of lambda transducing phage with the bio genes inserted between lambda
      genes P and Q.
AB  - Plaque-forming, biotin-transducing phages were constructed with the bio genes
      inserted between lambda genes P and Q. These phages were isolated for the
      eventual aim of fusing the lambda Q gene to the bio operon. The following steps
      were used to construct these phages: A defective temperature-sensitive lysogen
      was constructed with the bio genes adjacent to and to the left of lambda genes
      beta NcI857OPQSRA. Heat-resistant survivors were screened for deletions with
      endpoints in the bio operon and to the right of lambda P and to the left of
      lambda A. Five of approximately 1,600 heat-resistant survivors had these
      properties. Two had the gene order bioAB .... lambda QSRA. When these two strains
      were lysogenized with lambda cI857b221 and heat induced, the desired transducing
      phages were obtained. We characterized these phages and studied one in detail.
      Two-thirds of the plaque-forming transducing phages isolated carried the entire
      bioB gene and only part of the bioA gene, and one-third carried the entire bioA
      and bioB genes. The phages isolated lost the bio genes upon propagation,
      indicating that they contain a partial duplication of phage genes. The
      duplication was shown not to involve the entire lambda Q gene in one of these
      phages, lambda bioq1b221. A recombinant of this phage, lambda Nam7am53c17b221,
      failed to form plaques under biotin-derepression conditions. We conclude that if
      the lambda Q gene was fused to the bio operon in this phage, not enough lambda Q
      gene product was made to allow phage propagation.

PMID- 6448766
TI  - Purification and characterization of the N gene product of bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - The N protein (pN) specified by bacteriophage lambda is an antitermination factor
      and is required for phage development. pN can be assayed by making use of the
      observation that the in vitro synthesis of trp mRNA in a reaction programmed with
      DNA template from lambda trp transducing phage bearing N- and fed- mutations is
      pN dependent (Ishii et al., 1980). The assay has been used to purify pN. We have
      observed that pN forms a complex with E. coli protein(s) and is dissociated in
      the presence of urea. The complex is not formed in host bacteria bearing the nusA
      nusB- mutations. pN is a basic protein and heat-stable. Using these
      characteristics, we have purified pN to virtual homogeneity as judged by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. pN is a monomeric
      protein and its mol. wt. is approx. 14 000. The antiterminating activity of pN
      appears to be enhanced by complex formation with host-encoded protein(s)
      depending on the nusA and/or nusB gene function.

PMID- 6448767
TI  - [Relationship of worker morbidity levels to the influence of the technological
      processes that create the working conditions at cellulose plants].

PMID- 6448768
TI  - [Health of children and adolescents and the incidence of obesity].

PMID- 6448769
TI  - [Urgent industrial hygiene problems of cotton growers].

PMID- 6448770
TI  - [Methodological approaches to elaborating a model of the activities of hygienists
      and epidemiologists].

PMID- 6448771
TI  - [Level of knowledge on questions of intestinal infection prevention of student
      agricultural brigade members].

PMID- 6448772
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of atmospheric protection measures in
      the manufacture of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride].

PMID- 6448773
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of hydrogen sulfide-containing thermal waters used in hot
      water supply systems].

PMID- 6448774
TI  - [Water fluoridation and dental caries].

PMID- 6448775
TI  - [Scientific and practical work of health officers and their role in the
      development of hygienic research].

PMID- 6448776
TI  - [Method for the complex assessment of the health status of the population].

PMID- 6448777
TI  - [Health education work in a rural medical unit].

PMID- 6448778
TI  - [Salmonella distribution in open reservoirs].

PMID- 6448779
TI  - [Skin eruption during combined treatment with ampicilin, amoxicilin and
      allopurinol].

PMID- 6448780
TI  - [Radiological double contrast features of early lesions in Crohn's colitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - We have performed 131 double contrast barium enemas in 81 cases of granulomatous
      colitis or ileocolitis. 53 cases showed "early lesions": Inflammatory mucosa,
      lymphoid hyperplasia, aphtoid or varioliform ulcers and primary complexes. In 39%
      "early lesions" were the only granulomatous lesions of the colon. Several types
      of "early lesions" may appear in the same patient. 18 patients were subjected to
      a series of double contrast barium enemas. The lesions progressed in 12 cases and
      regressed in 6 cases. "Early lesions" may develop into segmental coblestone
      pattern. The radiological findings were confirmed by endoscopy or operation in
      91% of our cases. A perfect double contrast barium enema is necessary to detect
      these "early lesions" which are important for diagnosis, treatment and possibly
      even for the prognosis in this disease.

PMID- 6448781
TI  - [Roentgenologic observations in small bowel lymphoma (author's transl)].
AB  - A comparison of the reontgenologic pattern of 100 cases of lymphoma of the small
      bowel with the clinical and pathological findings revealed three basic types: 1.
      The primary lymphoma with malabsorption, in which the classical tumor signs of
      the lymphoma are accompanied by signs of sprue in the nonlymphomatous mucosa. The
      disease is most severe in the duodenum and jejunum and less so in the ileal
      mucosa. The neoplasia is most frequently located in the upper small bowel. Severe
      diarrhoea, weightloss and clubbing are clinical signs. Th;is pattern is seen in
      the socalled "Mediterranean lymphoma" or in lymphoma associated with poorly
      controlled gluten sprue. 2. The primary ileocaecal lymphoma, in which the
      associated mucosa is usually normal. 3. The secondary lymphoma of the small bowel
      following disseminated lymphoma, which can not be differentiated from a stage 4
      primary lymphoma of the gut. Distention and separation of the bowel loops by
      enlarged mesenteric lymphnodes always indicates a stage 3 or stage 4 advanced
      lymphoma.

PMID- 6448782
TI  - [Sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in the diagnosis
      of diseases of the pancreas and biliary system (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of sonography and ERCP was studied in a retrospective series of 128
      patients with pancreatic and biliary disease. Sonography and ERCP employed singly
      provided a correct diagnosis in 68% and 75.5% respectively; combined diagnostic
      accuracy rose to 85%. The inclusion of other diagnostic information produced
      almost identical figures for sonography and ERCP of 82% and 86% respectively.
      Consequently, sonography must be recommended in the first place as a non-invasive
      method for the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary disease. The indications for
      ERCP are for the elucidation of chronic pancreatitis without pseudo-cysts and for
      other pancreatic abnormalities not clearly shown by sonography, and also for the
      demonstration of the biliary system in non-obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 6448783
TI  - [Computed tomorgraphy and ultrasound; comparative study in diseases of the upper
      abdomen and retroperitoneal space (author's transl)].
AB  - In a comparative study with 242 patients (90 renal, 152 pancreatic and abdominal
      diseases) ultrasound and computed tomography were compared. With an overall
      accuracy quota of 92.56% for CT and 85.53 for US, we get the following quotas for
      the organs: kidney (95.5% Ct, 91.1% US), pancreas and abdominal disease (90.78%
      CT, 82.23% US). CT has the same specificity (CT: 100, US: 97.7) but a greater
      sensitivity II (making the final diagnosis) than US (CT: 88.15, US: 78.28). The
      grading scale of diagnostic efficiency and therapy planning shows a higher value
      for CT (3.12) than for US (2.89). US is often handicapped by sonic shadows behind
      calcifications and air, CT by motion artifacts and by the lack of far between the
      organs. Both methods show the same result for differentiation of the enlarged
      head of the pancreas.

PMID- 6448784
TI  - [Computer tomography in emergency diagnosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of 150 examinations by computed tomography in emergency situations
      are described (about 5% of all CT examinations). There were 80 examinations of
      the skull, 65 of the abdomen and five of the mediastinum. The results are shown
      in two tables and include the diagnosis of bleeding, infarcts and inflammatory
      lesions (abscesses, encephalitis, acute pancreatitis). The morphologic and
      densitometric findings are compared with the literature and with other imaging
      procedures. Computer tomography has assumed the most important place in the
      emergency diagnosis of the skull; as regards the abdomen, it reaches its
      limitations in the presence of acute vascular occlusion and diseases of the
      gastro-intestinal tract. In this situation other procedures (contrast studies,
      angiography) and endoscopy are to be preferred since these demonstrate the
      tubular organs longitudinally, unlike the transverse image produced by the CT
      scan. Acute diseases of the lungs can be demonstrated more quickly and simply by
      conventional radiography. CT is a non-invasive and rapid procedure, which can
      demonstrate haemorrhages, abscesses and exudates in the mediastinum and abdomen
      directly and also show their topography. The method is therefore essential for
      emergency diagnosis of conditions involving the trunk.

PMID- 6448785
TI  - [Computer tomographic findings in splenic ruptures, subcapsular haematomas of the
      spleen and perisplenic abscesses (author's transl)].
AB  - The computer tomographic criteria of splenic rupture, new or old haematomas of
      the spleen (pseudocysts) and perisplenic or subphrenic abscesses are described
      with reference to three cases. It is shown that all the relevant problems in the
      pre-operative stage can be clarified by computer tomography, making arteriography
      unnecessary. The differential diagnosis between old haematomas and perisplenic
      abscesses can only be made by taking account of the history and other clinical
      information.

PMID- 6448786
TI  - [The treatment of male infertility by selective catheterisation of the spermatic
      vein. Technique, indications, complications, results (author's transl)].
AB  - Sclerosis of the spermatic vein for male infertility and varicoceles was carried
      out in 84 patients by a percutaneous method. If the catheter is correctly placed
      in the spermatic vein, sclerosis is possible in almost all cases, as was shown by
      controlled examinations after periods of more than three months. Together with
      the radiologic changes, there was also an improvement in the spermatologic
      parameters. 58% of the patients examined after three months were regarded as
      fertile.

PMID- 6448787
TI  - [Radiological and histological changes in the skeleton in systemic haematological
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - The findings at bone marrow biopsies in 5,000 patients with systemic
      haematological diseases were compared with the radiographic appearances.
      Haemoblastic conditions produce diffuse involvement of the bone marrow, whereas
      conditions characterised by limited infiltration, such as Waldenstrom's disease
      or Brill-Symmers' disease, produce some osteoporosis and only rarely bone
      destruction. Haemoblastic diseases with additional focal proliferation, such as
      myelofibrosis or myelosclerosis, multiple myeloma, highly malignant lymphomas and
      malignant granulomatosis produce circumscribed changes in the spongiosa which are
      readily recognised radiologically. In addition to generalised osteoporosis or
      sclerosis, one finds local areas of osteolysis or osteoplasia. Bone marrow
      biopsies in above-mentioned conditions indicate that they progress in a series of
      stages which correlate well with the radiological findings.

PMID- 6448788
TI  - [The scintigraphic diagnosis and follow-up of injuries to the epiphyseal plates
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Injuries to the epiphysel plates without involvement of the epiphyses or
      metaphyses, such as crush fractures or pure epiphysiolysis may be difficult to
      diagnose radiologically. Thirteen bone scans after damage to the growth plate
      have been performed on eight children. These indicate that these scans are able
      to diagnose lesions of the epiphyseal plates at an early stage and with
      certainty. The scintigrams also provide information concerning the healing
      process of the plate; they indicate when healing has been completed and when the
      extremity can be used for weight-bearing again. Radiation exposure of the
      children during scintigraphy with 99mTc-polyphosphate is within acceptable
      limits.

PMID- 6448789
TI  - [The demonstration of the cruciate ligaments by xerotomography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Demonstration of the cruciate ligaments by xerotomography was attempted in 54
      patients after double contrast arthrography of the menisci. The best results of
      lateral tomography were achieved in showing the middle and caudal portions of the
      anterior ligament. The ligaments close to the femur are not well demonstrated.
      Twenty-six patients underwent operation; of these, 13 had ruptured cruciate
      ligaments. The correct diagnosis was made by xerotomography in only 46%. The
      reasons for this are discussed. The present results do not suggest that
      Xerotomography is valuable in the diagnosis of abnormalities of the cruciate
      ligaments.

PMID- 6448790
TI  - [Image quality from direct radiological magnification (author's transl)].
AB  - An assessment of image quality from a direct radiological magnification method
      with a microfocus was carried out. It was found that direct magnification has
      advantages for the magnification of thin objects (5 cm. thickness). Because of
      the marked radiation scarrer in thick objects an improvement in picture quality
      is not possible. Scatter, despite the Groedel effect, is too large. Optimum
      results are obtained with a microfocus tube using universal screens. Comparable
      image quality is not possible with high intensification screens. High definition
      screens are not suitable for magnification. Dose measurements revealed
      unexpectedly low levels, particularly for thin objects. The reasons for this were
      examined and are described.

PMID- 6448791
TI  - [The radiation dose to the foetus during isotope investigations of the mother].
AB  - The radiation dose to the foetus from the application of five different
      99mTechnetium compounds during isotope investigation of the mother was
      investigated. After i-v injection of 100 muCi (3.7 MBq) of 99mTc-compounds into
      pregnant rats, these were sacrificed during the first, second and third week of
      pregnancy and radioactivity was determined in the foetuses and in the blood and
      organs of the mother. From these measurements the proportion of total body
      activity in individual organs and their specific activity was calculated. From
      this data the radiation burden to the rat foetuses from the various 99mTc
      compounds could be evaluated. Making use of phantom studies and the known
      biokinetic data of technetium compounds in man it was possible to calculate the
      radiation dose to the human foetus during isotope investigations of the mother.

PMID- 6448792
TI  - [Genetik risk from diagnostic x-ray procedures? A critical evaluation of
      epidemiologic studies (author's transl)].
AB  - This essay introduces epidemiologic studies concerned with the question whether
      diagnostic x-ray procedures might be the cause of an increased genetic risk. All
      studies have selected Down's syndrome (mongolism) as genetic indicator. They
      indiscriminately present the opinion of the respective author. Approximately one
      half of the studies conclude that radiation exposure will not influence the
      spontaneous incidence of Down's syndrome in diagnostics, the other half finds a
      positive relationship between frequent radiation exposure and the incidence of
      the syndrome. For various reasons, explained in detail, the results of the
      studies under discussion are suitable for forming hypotheses, but should not be
      viewed as providing evidence.

PMID- 6448793
TI  - [Computerized tomography of a dissecting aneurysm].

PMID- 6448794
TI  - [Catheterization of subclavian occlusions].

PMID- 6448795
TI  - Pelvic hemangiopericytoma: ultrasonographic findings and comparison with
      angiography.

PMID- 6448796
TI  - Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of the axilla.

PMID- 6448797
TI  - [Xeroangiography of elbow region lymph nodes during cat-scratch disease].

PMID- 6448798
TI  - [Skin cysts. Basis for diagnosis].

PMID- 6448799
TI  - The role of T cell growth stimulating factors in T cell triggering.

PMID- 6448800
TI  - Quantitation and cloning of cytolytic T lymphocytes and their precursors.

PMID- 6448801
TI  - Active suppression masks an underlying enhancement of antibody production in
      vitro by spleen cells from BCG-infected mice.
AB  - The depressed antibody responses resulting from the administration of live BCG
      i.v. to mice have been investigated. The antibody response of spleen cells to
      SRBC or DNP-Ficoll in vitro was followed using Marbrook culture vessels.
      Depressed responses were also found in vivo confirming the results obtained in
      vitro. The response in vitro of normal spleen cells was suppressed by the
      addition of spleen cells from mice injected with BCG but not by the medium in
      which they had been growing for 2 days. The response of the normal spleen cells
      was also not suppressed by freeze/thaw disrupted BCG spleen cells, suggesting
      that the depressed responses in the mice injected with BCG are due to an active
      suppression by intact cells. This was confirmed by the cell-depletion
      experiments. Removal of cells from the BCG-primed cell populations using carbonyl
      iron or adherence to plastic not only abrogated the depressed responses but
      revealed an underlying enhancement of the immune response. The data suggest that
      the suppressive cell might be a macrophage.

PMID- 6448802
TI  - Studies on the suppression of a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction by mitomycin-C
      treated responder cells.
AB  - We have investigated the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in a one-way
      mixed lymphocyte culture by autologous mitomycin-C treated responder cells. The
      suppression was proportional to the number of mitomycin-C treated cells added.
      Irradiated cells suppressed in the same manner. Using subpopulations of
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells, it was shown that the 'suppressor activity'
      was not confined to a particular subpopulation, but was exhibited by all
      subpopulations tested. Cycloheximide-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      and autologous erythrocytes also suppressed. These results suggest that
      'suppression' in this system is due to mechanical interference by the added
      cells. The implications for the design of assays for spontaneous suppressor cell
      activity in man are discussed.

PMID- 6448803
TI  - Effect of chemotherapy on suppressor T cells in BCG-infected mice.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free B6D2 mice infected intravenously with 10(6) or 10(8)
      viable BCG Pasteur develop an anti-tuberculous immune response resulting in a
      progressive decline in viable BCG counts for the spleen and lung. Mice infected
      with 10(8) bacilli did not develop detectable levels of tuberculin
      hypersensitivity. Spleen cells harvested from both groups of mice at increasing
      time intervals after infection were T-cell enriched by nylon wool passage and
      tested for blast transformation following exposure to PHA or PPD. An early peak
      in tritiated thymidine uptake was observed following PPD exposure of cells from
      both the 10(6) and 10(8) groups. Cells from the latter group of animals developed
      a profound suppression to responsiveness to PPD throughout the remainder of the
      experiment. If the heavily infected mice were exposed to a regimen of 10 mg
      isoniazid plus 10 mg rifampin per 100 ml of drinking water for 30 days, the
      viable BCG population present within the lungs and spleen declined to near
      undetectable levels. This drop was associated with a decline in supressor T-cell
      activity demonstrated by appropriate cell-mixing experiments in vitro. The
      blastogenic responses to both PHA and PPD were substantially restored after 30
      days of drug treatment. Treatment of the BCG infected mice within the first 7
      days of infection prevented the development of the suppressor T-cell population.

PMID- 6448804
TI  - Cellular interactions in spontaneous or autologous cell-induced proliferative and
      lymphokine responses of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Purified human B cells were activated in cultures in the absence of any
      intentional stimulants as judged by lymphokine synthesis and proliferation. These
      responses were not augmented by monocytes. Lymphokine production (LIF) was
      increased in the presence of T cells. Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction of T
      cells against B cells (AMLR) did not include LIF production in spite of the
      proliferative response. We would suggest that activated B cells present in the
      population of purified B cells are the stimulators in AMLR. In our interpretation
      these results support the hypothesis that AMLR reflects a mechanism by which T
      cells regulate lymphocyte function.

PMID- 6448806
TI  - Non-specific inhibitory processes of immunological and mitogenic cellular
      responses.
AB  - The suppressive effects of four agents on several types of in vitro immune
      response and on in vitro responses to T and B mitogens were studied comparatively
      in spleen cells from C57B1/6 mice, previously injected with each of these agents.
      It was found that the in vitro PFC response to sheep erythrocytes was the most
      constantly and extensively inhibited: from 56% after treatment with Con A to 85%
      after treatment with HSA; LPS and C. parvum also provoked a strong inhibition (74
      78%). Inhibition of MLC was constant but less effective, ranging from 36% (LPS)
      to 57% (C. parvum); HSA and Con A depressed it by about 50%. The CML reaction was
      substantially inhibited by C. parvum (50%), moderately by Con A and LPS
      (respectively, 23 and 28%) and slightly by HSA (15%). The inhibition of mitogenic
      response to PHA and LPS varied widely with the agent used: the PHA response was
      strongly inhibited by Con A (84%) to a lesser extent by C. parvum (54%) and even
      less by LPS (27%), whereas HSA did not affect it. LPS reactivity was well
      inhibited by C. parvum (57%), moderately by Con A (25%), slightly by HSA and not
      at all by LPS. Most of these agents produced a slight but significant
      prolongation of skin graft survival time. In vitro experiments using mixtures of
      spleen cells from treated and normal animals showed that these inhibitory effects
      were mediated by suppressive cells that developed as a result of the treatment
      used. The degree of inhibition observed in the mixed cultures satisfactorily
      paralleled the direct inhibition observed in cells from treated animals. The more
      consistently suppressive agents seemed to be C. parvum and Con A, the effects of
      the other two (HSA and LPS) on the cellular responses studied were less regular.

PMID- 6448805
TI  - Recent studies on the regulation of IgE antibody synthesis in experimental
      animals and man.

PMID- 6448807
TI  - Macrophage suppressor factor in contact sensitivity. Mechanisms of its release
      and action.
AB  - An antigen-specific suppressor factor (TSF) produced by mouse T lymphocytes
      prevents immune cells from conferring adoptive immunity on normal recipients.
      This TSF attaches easily to the macrophage surface, and these 'armed' macrophages
      in the presence of a corresponding antigen manufacture (in vitro) a non-specific
      macrophage suppressor factor (MSF) which impairs the activity of cells sensitized
      to homologous or heterologous antigens. Our experiments show that MSF is
      temperature- and trypsin-sensitive, and is not a prostaglandin. Its molecular
      weight is in the range of 10 kD. MSF is synthesized by macrophages de novo
      subsequent to triggering by TSF and antigen. MSF impairs only the activity of
      cells mediating contact sensitivity reaction (Ly 1) but has no influence on T
      suppressor cells (Ly 23). The possibility that MSF is an enzyme is discussed.

PMID- 6448808
TI  - In vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes against radiation and radiation
      leukaemia virus-induced tumours. II. A radiation-induced thymoma generates
      cytyotoxic response in syngeneic but not in allogeneic lymphocytes.
AB  - A thymoma cell line (PXT), originally induced by X-irradiation in a C57Bl/6
      mouse, was found capable of generating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a
      syngeneic mixed lymphocyte tumour culture (MLTC), but failed to stimulate
      allogeneic lymphocytes. Serologically defined H-2 antigens could readily be
      detected on PXT cells, which were also susceptible to lysis by alloreactive CTL
      generated against C57Bl/6 lymphoblasts or other thymomas of C57Bl/6 origin. These
      observations suggest that the PXT line lacks lymphocyte-activating determinants
      (LAD) essential for allosensitization but possesses other determinants enabling
      stimulation of syngeneic CTL, and that the cellular events leading to generation
      of anti-H-2 and anti-'modified self' CTL proceed along distinct T-cell
      differentiation pathways.

PMID- 6448809
TI  - Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains of bovine origin.

PMID- 6448810
TI  - Effect of polyclonal and monoclonal HLA-DR xenoantibodies on xenogeneic mixed
      lymphocyte reactions.

PMID- 6448811
TI  - Absence of expression of Ia antigen on human cytotoxic T cells.

PMID- 6448812
TI  - How the medical student views his profession and its future.

PMID- 6448813
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis of health care: past applications and future prospects.

PMID- 6448814
TI  - A cost-benefit analysis of fieldwork education in occupational therapy.

PMID- 6448815
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of homemaker services for the chronically ill.

PMID- 6448816
TI  - The demise of an individual practice association: a case study of health watch.

PMID- 6448817
TI  - Drug prescribing and its relation to length of hospital stay.

PMID- 6448818
TI  - Hospital specialization and bed occupancy rates.

PMID- 6448819
TI  - Production and cost relations of Newfoundland's cottage hospitals.

PMID- 6448820
TI  - Inhibition of Escherichia coli translocation from the gastrointestinal tract by
      normal cecal flora in gnotobiotic or antibiotic-decontaminated mice.
AB  - Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 10(9) to 10(10) per g of
      cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in
      gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of
      these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the
      population levels of E. coli C25 to 10(6) per g of cecum and completely inhibited
      translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat
      treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the
      population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E.
      coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are
      required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the
      incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus
      bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice,
      allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation
      to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric
      lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and
      bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels
      of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice
      apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically
      developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of
      gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an
      indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of
      the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism
      of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as
      E. coli, by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an
      important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6448821
TI  - Effect of fusidic acid on the immune response in mice.
AB  - The effect of fusidic acid on the immune response in mice was studied. At the
      nontoxic dose of 500 mg/kg per day, the cell-mediated immunity was strongly
      inhibited. A marked and significant prolonged survival of split-heart allografts
      in treated animals was detected. The survival time of allografts in mice
      receiving fusidic acid from the day of the transplantation until the grafts were
      rejected was 26.1 days compared with 14.5 days in untreated animals. In mice
      treated also before the transplantation, the mean survival of the allografts were
      even longer. The phytohemagglutinin response, as well as the mixed lymphocyte
      culture stimulation of spleen lymphocytes from mice given 500 mg of fusidic acid
      per kg daily for 1 week, were significantly inhibited. At the same dose there was
      also a significantly decreased primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes,
      but it was of limited biological significance. The immunosuppressive effect in
      animals treated with a human therapeutic dose of fusidic acid (25 mg/kg per day)
      was less pronounced but significant. The relevance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 6448822
TI  - In vivo suppression and enhancement of the murine homocytotropic antibody
      response by staphylococcal enterotoxin A.
AB  - Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) on the mouse homocytotropic
      antibody (HCA) system were studied. Groups of BDF mice received 10 micrograms SEA
      either orally or intraperitoneally at 0, 24, 48 h before or after immunization
      with 100 micrograms ovalbumin in 1 mg A1(OH)3 gel. Primary and secondary HCA
      responses were determined by 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in
      genetically hairless mice. It was found that effects of SEA on HCA responses were
      dependent on the time and route of SEA administration. In general, early
      administration (48 h before immunization) of SEA showed suppression, while later
      administration (either 24 h before or after immunization) of SEA demonstrated
      enhancement. A further delay of SEA administration (48 h after immunization)
      exerted suppressive effects except when it was given intraperitoneally in the
      anamnestic HCA experiments. The mouse HCA system proved to be a suitable in vivo
      correlate of in vitro plaque-forming cell responses modulated by SEA.

PMID- 6448823
TI  - Results of surgical treatment of low back pain: a comparative study of the
      anterior and posterior approach.
AB  - Comparative studies were made of 347 patients reviewed more than one year after
      the operation of disc excision for low back pain by either the anterior or
      posterior approach, many of whom also underwent inter-body vertebral fusion. In
      general the anterior approach proved superior to the posterior approach
      especially in cases of reoperation, largely because it avoided exposure of the
      spinal canal with the possible complication of bleeding or irritation of the
      nerve roots. There appeared to be no significant difference when fusion or no
      fusion was performed with an anterior approach, but with a posterior approach the
      results following fusion were superior to the nonfusion group. Consistently good
      results were attributed to correct patient selection rather than the choice of
      surgical technique.

PMID- 6448824
TI  - Recognition of poison ivy during winter with emphasis on Midwestern plants.

PMID- 6448825
TI  - Use of parabens as cosmetic preservatives.

PMID- 6448826
TI  - Segmental abdominal zoster paresis.

PMID- 6448827
TI  - Screening for handicaps in children: are Nigerian nurses equipped?

PMID- 6448828
TI  - Perigraft lipid accumulation with unusual complications in a hyperlipidemic
      patient.
AB  - A 50-year-old man with hyperlipidemia, on long-term clofibrate therapy, 2 g/day,
      developed a series of unusual complications after insertion of a Dacron
      bifurcation graft from the aorta to the right popliteal and left femoral
      arteries. There were false aneurysms at all graft-to-artery suture lines, and a
      clinical picture of peripheral cholesterol emboli developed. At operation, a
      lipid accumulation under pressure was found between the graft and the perigraft
      adventitia. The perigraft adventitia later ruptured and a psoas muscle
      xanthomatous inflammatory mass developed, causing an acute abdomen; a second
      operation was performed. The mechanism of formation of the perigraft lipid
      accumulation and the relationship of this unusual sequence of complications to
      the hyperlipidemia or its treatment with clofibrate are discussed.

PMID- 6448829
TI  - Suppressor cells in man as a function of age.

PMID- 6448830
TI  - Biosynthesis of bicyclomycin. II. Biosynthetic conditions and incorporation of
      radioactive precursors into bicyclomycin by washed mycelium.
AB  - The biosynthesis of bicyclomycin by Streptomyces sapporonensis was studied using
      suspensions of washed mycelium. Nicotinamide and Fe2+ were found to be essential
      cofactors in the biosynthesis. Production of bicyclomycin was enhanced most
      effectively in the presence of equal moles of L-leucine and L-isoleucine, which
      in experiments with radioactively labeled compounds were found to be incorporated
      into bicyclomycin at equivalent rates. These facts strongly suggest that
      bicyclomycin biosynthesis involves coupling of equal moles of these two amino
      acids.

PMID- 6448831
TI  - Interaction of oleficin with the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of oleficin, a polyene antibiotic of the nonmacrolide type, on
      isolated rat liver mitochondria were studied. Oleficin at a concentration of
      about 10 nmoles/mg protein increases both the rate of state 4 respiration and the
      "basal" ATPase activity of mitochondria. In contrast to this it inhibits the rate
      of both state 3 and uncoupled respiration and the DNP-stimulated ATPase activity.
      These inhibitions can be prevented by low concentrations (2 approximately 5 mM)
      of magnesium ions. Oleficin induces a high amplitude swelling of non-respiring
      mitochondria in the isoosmotic nitrate and chloride solutions of K+, Na+, Tris+,
      Tea+ or Mg2+. In contrast to that it does not induce swelling of mitochondria
      treated with ruthenium red in isoosmotic calcium acetate. Indirect evidence
      suggests that oleficin increases also the proton permeability of the inner
      membrane. The swelling observed in the isoosmotic solutions of monovalent cations
      can be prevented by low concentration (2 approximately 5 mM) of Mg2+. In the
      presence of the antibiotic Mg2+ and Ca2+ but not K+ and Na+, are transferred from
      an aqueous phase into a butanol-toluene bulk phase. Oleficin depletes Mg2+ and
      Ca2+ from mitochondria in a concentration dependent manner. Complete depletion of
      Mg2+ occurs only in the presence of EDTA, while that of Ca2+ does not need the
      chelator. It is concluded that the effects of oleficin on mitochondrial functions
      can be explained on the basis of an increase of the inner membrane permeability
      as the consequence of the depletion of Mg2+ from mitochondria caused by the
      antibiotic.

PMID- 6448832
TI  - The beta-lactamase stability of a novel beta-lactam antibiotic containing a 7
      alpha-methoxyoxacephem nucleus.

PMID- 6448833
TI  - In vitro evaluation of LY127935, a new beta-lactam antibiotic with broad-spectrum
      activity.

PMID- 6448834
TI  - Migration of ethylene glycol from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into 3%
      acetic acid.
AB  - Migration of ethylene glycol (EG) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles
      into the food simulate 3% acetic acid was studied using 32 fluid oz PET bottles
      filled with 3% acetic acid and stored at 32 degrees C for 6 months. Final
      concentration of EG in the 3% acetic acid migration solution was about 100 ppb,
      which is equivalent to about 94 microgram EG/bottle. A gas-liquid chromatographic
      procedure for quantitating EG was developed which is capable of measuring EG
      levels as low as 50 ppb in the migration solution.

PMID- 6448835
TI  - Survey for aflatoxins and Zearalenone in canned and frozen sweet corn.
AB  - Aflatoxins and zearalenone were determined in 263 samples of canned or frozen
      sweet corn, collected from packing plants during the 1976 and 1977 packing
      seasons. As anticipated from geographic, agronomic, and microbiological
      considerations, no aflatoxin or zearalenone was found. Based on this sampling,
      the highest incidence of detectable aflatoxin that could be statistically
      anticipated in the major packing areas is 1.5%.

PMID- 6448836
TI  - Gas chromatographic detection of the mycotoxin zearalenone in blood serum.
AB  - A sensitive gas chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of
      zearalenone in blood serum is described. Zearalenone is eluted from blood serum
      by column chromatography followed by base-acid extraction with dichloromethane as
      the organic phase. After epicoprostanol (internal standard) is added, the sample
      is evaporated to dryness, derivatized, and injected onto the gas chromatographic
      column. A number of silylating agents and reaction conditions were investigated.
      Derivatizing zearalenone with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide in the
      presence of acetone at room temperature for at least 2 hr gave best results.
      Sensitivity limit is < 0.5 ng injected, equivalent to 100 ng zearalenone/mL blood
      serum. A linear standard curve is observed when 0.5-30 ng zearalenone derivative
      is injected onto the Perkin-Elmer gas chromatograph. For quantitation, a standard
      curve is prepared by plotting amounts of zearalenone (ng) injected vs. ratios for
      peak areas of zearalenone and epicoprostanol derivatives. The internal standard
      procedure improves the precision by minimizing variations in sample injections
      and detector response. Percent recovery from blood serum is 68-75 in the range of
      1.6-8.0 micrograms zearalenone/mL blood.

PMID- 6448837
TI  - Sephadex LH-20 cleanup, high pressure liquid chromatographic assay, and
      fluorescence detection of zearalenone in animal feeds.
AB  - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described to determine
      zearalenone in animal feeds at levels as low as 0.01 ppm. Samples are extracted
      with chloroform-ethanol and initially purified using a SEP-PAK silica cartridge,
      followed by column chromatography using Sephadex LH-20. Separation by normal
      phase HPLC is followed by fluorescence detection. Recoveries at levels of 1.0
      0.01 ppm averaged greater than 90%. Confirmation included HPLC analysis of the
      sample and a zearalenone standard, using 3 different excitation wavelengths, and
      comparison of fluorescence responses obtained. The method was successfully
      applied to the analysis of 1 corn and 3 cornmeal samples. Zearalenone was
      detected in all 4 samples at levels of 0.379-19.2 ppm.

PMID- 6448838
TI  - Synthesis of recA protein and induction of bacteriophage lambda in single-strand
      deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We investigated the capacity of Escherichia coli mutants defective in the single
      strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding protein to amplify the synthesis of
      the recA protein, induce prophage lambda, and degrade their DNA after treatment
      with ultraviolet radiation, mitomycin C, or bleomycin. The thermosensitive ssbA1
      strain induced recA protein and lambda phage normally at 30 degrees C, but no
      induction was observed at 42 degrees C when ultraviolet radiation or mitomycin C
      was used. The lexC113 mutant did not amplify recA protein synthesis or induce
      phage lambda at either 30 or 42 degrees C with those agents. Bleomycin was able
      to elicit induction of recA and phage lambda in both mutants at any temperature.
      After induction with ultraviolet radiation at the elevated temperature, no DNA
      degradation was observed for 40 min, but at later times there was increased
      degradation in the lexC113 strain, compared with the wild type, and even greater
      degradation in the ssbA1 mutant. We discuss the role of single-strand DNA-binding
      protein in induction and the possibility that the lexC product may exert its
      influence on recA and lambda induction at the level of the single-strand DNA gap.

PMID- 6448839
TI  - Mutagenesis by neocarzinostatin in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium:
      requirement for umuC+ or plasmid pKM101.
AB  - Neocarzinostatin, a protein with antibiotic activity, is a bacterial mutagen. We
      have investigated the mutagenicity of neocarzinostatin towards Salmonella
      typhimurium and discovered that, unlike the situation in Escherichia coli,
      neocarzinostatin will revert base pair substitution mutations (missense or
      nonsense). However, when the R46 factor derivative, plasmid pKM101, was
      introduced, the mutagenicity of neocarzinostatin towards base pair substitution
      carrying mutants of S. typhimurium was readily detected. Neocarzinostatin had
      only modest activity in reverting a frameshift mutation in S. typhimurium, but
      that activity, too, required the presence of pKM101. Mutant pKM101 plasmids which
      no longer enhanced mutagenesis also lost their ability to promote
      neocarzinostatin-induced mutations. Finally, the umuC36 mutation, which renders
      E. coli nonmutable by ultraviolet light, also rendered the bacteria nonmutable by
      neocarzinostatin. The effect of the umuC36 mutation was suppressed by plasmid
      pKM101.

PMID- 6448840
TI  - Kinetic studies with synthetic myosin minifilaments show the equivalence of
      actomyosin and acto-HMM ATPases.
AB  - The kinetic properties of actomyosin have been examined using complexes of actin
      with the recently described (Reisler, E., Smith, C., and Seegan, G. (1980) J.
      Mol. Biol., in press) short, bipolar synthetic myosin filaments (minifilaments).
      It is shown, in contrast to previous observations with aggregated and insoluble
      myosin, that the kinetic behavior of actomyosin is similar to that of acto-heavy
      meromyosin. Owing to their size, solubility, and stability under conditions of
      the actin-activated ATPase measurements, the minifilaments provide a well defined
      experimental system. Thus, they constitute a convenient and appropriate material
      for studying actomyosin interactions.

PMID- 6448841
TI  - The products of mitochondria-bound cytoplasmic polysomes in yeast.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to examine the fate and composition of polypeptides
      synthesized on cytoplasmic polysomes associated with the outer mitochondrial
      membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondria with their associated
      cytoplasmic polysomes were isolated from growing yeast spheroplasts and placed in
      a polypeptide chain completion system together with [35S]methionine. Of the total
      products synthesized in the readout system, 80 to 85% remain associated with the
      mitochondria after sucrose gradient centrifugation. Most of the labeled products
      are resistant to papain digestion unless the membranes are disrupted by treatment
      with detergent or shaking with glass beads. When free cytoplasmic polysomes were
      translated in the presence of [35S]methionine and incubated with mitochondria,
      only about 20% of the labeled polypeptides remain associated with the
      mitochondria; furthermore, most of these products are equally sensitive to papain
      digestion in the presence or absence of detergent. These results support the view
      that the cytoplasmic polysomes associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane
      of yeast facilitate the segregation of newly synthesized proteins into the
      organelle. The proportion of the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of the F1-ATPase
      was determined among the products synthesized by mitochondria-bound and free
      cytoplasmic polysomes. By double antibody precipitation and immunoreplicate
      electrophoresis, we find that the proportion of the subunits of F1-ATPase is much
      greater among the products of the mitochondria-bound polysomes than those
      synthesized on free polysomes.

PMID- 6448842
TI  - The transport of proteins into yeast mitochondria. Kinetics and pools.
AB  - By double isotope pulse-labeling of yeast cells, we determined the kinetics of
      labeling at 9 degrees C of total mitochondrial membrane, mitochondrial matrix,
      and cytosolic proteins, the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of F1 ATPase, and
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. We find that none of the mitochondrial
      proteins show a lag in the incorporation of label compared to cytosolic proteins.
      These results argue against the existence in the cytosol of large pools of
      mitochondrial proteins awaiting transport into the organelle. Cycloheximide
      addition during the pulse stops [35S]methionine incorporation into mitochondrial
      membrane and cytosolic proteins rapidly (approximately 1 min) and with identical
      kinetics. Compared to cytosolic protein, however, there is a persistent
      incorporation of label into mitochondria after a chase with cold methionine (t1/2
      approximately 1.5 min at 9 degrees C) which cannot be accounted for solely by
      chain completion. We conclude that this continued incorporation reflects some
      transport process in addition to a completion of a round of translation. When
      cells are labeled during a synchronous "restart" of protein synthesis, where
      ribosome run-off from mRNA was first induced either by incubating cells for 4 h
      at 0 degrees C or by treatment with 5 mM aurintricarboxylic acid, the initial
      rate of incorporation of label into mitochondrial protein now lags behind that of
      cytosolic proteins. From these results and those in the accompanying report
      (Ades, I.Z., and Butow, R.A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9918-9924) we propose
      that the translation of mRNA specific for mitochondrial proteins takes place in
      the cytoplasm and that at least a portion of the polysomes are then transported
      and bind to the outer mitochondrial membrane, followed by completion of
      translation and transfer of the newly synthesized polypeptides into the
      mitochondria. From a consideration of all of the available data on protein
      transport into mitochondria in yeast, we conclude that cytoplasmic polysomes
      bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane function in the transport of proteins
      into mitochondria by a process not necessarily mutually exclusive of post
      translational transport.

PMID- 6448843
TI  - On the fidelity of DNA replication. The accuracy of Escherichia coli DNA
      polymerase I in copying natural DNA in vitro.
AB  - The accuracy with which Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I) copies natural
      DNA in vitro has been determined. When phi X174 viral DNA containing an amber
      mutation (am3) is primed with a single restriction endonuclease fragment, copied
      in vitro with Pol I and then expressed in E. coli spheroplasts (Weymout, L. A.,
      and Loeb, L. A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75, 1924), the reversion
      frequency of this DNA is greater than that of uncopied DNA. This change in
      reversion frequency can be increased by selectively increasing the concentration
      of either dATP or dCTP relative to the other deoxyribonucleotide substrates. DNA
      sequence analyses of revertants obtained from substrate pool bias experiments
      demonstrates that the revertants contain the selectively biased nucleotide as an
      incorrect substitution at position 587 of the am3 codon. We have analyzed the
      product of the in vitro Pol I reaction using neutral and alkaline sucrose
      gradients. Fifty per cent of the input phi X174 DNA template molecules are copied
      past the am3 site. The phenotypic expression of the product (revertant) strand in
      the spheroplast assay was estimated using a model heteroduplex molecule similar
      in structure to the product of the reaction and containing a single base mismatch
      (A:A or A:C) at position 587. Using these data, and by extrapolation from pool
      bias experiments, we estimate the error rate of Pol I in Mg2+-activated reactions
      using equimolar concentrations of the four deoxynucleotide substrates is
      1/680,000 for an A:C mispair and < 1/6,300,000 for an A:A mispair at position 587
      of the am3 codon in phi X174 DNA.

PMID- 6448844
TI  - Interaction of the mitochondrial ATPase complex with phospholipids.
AB  - The interaction of bovine heart mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase
      (Serrano, R., Kranner, B. L., and Racker, E. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2453
      2461) with phospholipids has been examined by labeling the subunits exposed to
      lipids with photoreactive radioactive phospholipids. A subunit of Mr = 29,000 and
      some polypeptides in the range of 6,000 to 13,000 daltons were labeled. F1-ATPase
      subunits did not interact with the photoactive probes. This result is compared
      with the different pattern of labeling obtained with another mitochondrial ATPase
      preparation (Galante, Y.M., Wong, S. Y., and Hatefi, Y. (1979) J. Biol. Chem.
      254, 12372-12378), which is devoid of the 29,000 component.

PMID- 6448845
TI  - The binding of low molecular weight heparin to hemostatic enzymes.
AB  - A low molecular weight preparation of porcine heparin (specific anticoagulation
      activity = 125 units/mg) was fractionated to obtain a mucopolysaccharide product
      of 6500 daltons (specific anticoagulant activity = 373 units/mg) that is
      homogeneous with respect to its interaction with antithrombin. This material was
      treated with fluorescamine in order to introduce a fluorescent tag into the
      mucopolysaccharide. Initially, we showed that the fluorescamine-heparin conjugate
      and the unlabeled mucopolysaccharide interacted with antithrombin in a virtually
      identical fashion. Subsequently, we demonstrated that labeled heparin could be
      utilized in conjunction with fluorescence polarization spectroscopy to monitor
      the binding of mucopolysaccharide to thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, and
      plasmin. The interaction of this complex carbohydrate with thrombin exhibited a
      stoichiometry of 2:1 with KH1T DISS = KH2T DISS = 8 x 10(-7) M. The formation of
      mucopolysaccharide . factor IXa complex is characterized by a stoichiometry of
      1:1 with KHIXa DISS = 2.58 x 10(-7) M. The binding of heparin to factor Xa or
      plasmin occurred with low avidity. Therefore, the stoichiometries of these
      processes could not be established. However, our experimental data were
      compatible with a single-site binding residue with KHXa DISS = 8.73 x 10(-6) M
      and KHPL DISS = approximately 1 x 10(-4) M, respectively.

PMID- 6448846
TI  - The kinetics of hemostatic enzyme-antithrombin interactions in the presence of
      low molecular weight heparin.
AB  - The kinetics of inhibition of four hemostatic system enzymes by antithrombin were
      examined as a function of heparin concentration. Plots of the initial velocity of
      factor Xa-antithrombin or plasmin-antithrombin interaction versus the level of
      added mucopolysaccharide exhibit an ascending limb and subsequent plateau
      regions. In each case, the kinetic profile is closely correlated with the
      concentration of the heparin . antithrombin complex formed within the reaction
      mixture. A decrease in the velocity of inhibition is not observed at high levels
      of added mucopolysaccharide despite the generation of significant quantities of
      heparin-enzyme interaction products. The second-order rate constants for the
      neutralization of factor Xa or plasmin by the mucopolysaccharide . inhibitor
      complex are 2.4 x 10(8) M-1 min-1 and 4.0 x 10(6) M-1 min-1, respectively. These
      parameters must be contrasted with the similarly designated constants obtained in
      the absence of heparin which are 1.88 x 10(5) M-1 min-1 and 4.0 x 10(4) M-1 min
      1, respectively. Plots of the initial velocity of the factor IXa-antithrombin or
      the thrombin-antithrombin interaction versus the level of added
      mucopolysaccharide exhibit an ascending limb, pseudoplateau, descending limb, and
      final plateau regions. In each case, the ascending limb and pseudoplateau are
      closely correlated with the concentration of heparin c antithrombin complex
      formed within the reaction mixture. Furthermore, the descending limb and final
      plateau of these two processes coincide with the generation of increasing amounts
      of the respective mucopolysaccharide-enzyme interaction products. The second
      order rate constants for the neutralization of factor IXa or thrombin by the
      heparin . antithrombin complex are 3.0 x 10(8) M-1 min-1 and 1.7 x 10(9) M-1 min
      1, respectively. The second-order rate constants for the inhibition of
      mucopolysaccharide-factor IXa or mucopolysaccharide-thrombin interaction products
      by the heparin . antithrombin complex are 2.0 x 10(7) M-1 min-1 and 3.0 x 10(8) M
      1 min-1, respectively. These kinetic parameters must be contrasted with similarly
      designated constants obtained in the absence of mucopolysaccharide which are 2.94
      x 10(4) M-1 min-1 and 4.25 x 10(5) M-1 min-1, respectively. Thus, our data
      demonstrate that binding of heparin to antithrombin is required for the
      mucopolysaccharide-dependent enhancement in the rates of neutralization of
      thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, or plasmin by the protease inhibitor.
      Furthermore, a careful comparison of the various constants suggests that the
      direct interaction between heparin and antithrombin may be largely responsible
      for the kinetic effect of this mucopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6448847
TI  - Sulfhydryl groups of yeast phosphofructokinase-specific localization on beta
      subunits of fructose 6-phosphate binding sites as demonstrated by a differential
      chemical labeling study.
AB  - Yeast phosphofructokinase contains 83 +/- 2 cysteinyl residues/enzyme oligomer.
      On the basis of their reactivity toward 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), the
      accessible cysteinyl residues of the native enzyme may be classified into three
      groups. For titrations performed with N-ethylmaleimide, subdivisional classes of
      reactivity are evidenced. In each case, the 6 to 8 most reactive cysteines are
      not protected by fructose 6-phosphate from chemical labeling and do not seem
      involved in subsequent enzyme inactivation. Differential labeling studies as well
      as direct protection experiments in the presence of fructose 6-phosphate,
      indicate that 12 -SH groups/enzyme oligomer (i.e. three -SH groups per binding
      site) are protected by the allosteric substrate from the chemical modification.
      Specific labeling by the differential method of the cysteinyl residues protected
      by fructose 6-phosphate and further separation of the two types of subunits
      constituting yeast phosphofructokinase, show that the substrate binding sites are
      localized exclusively on subunits of beta type. Thus, alpha subunits are not
      implicated directly in the catalytic mechanism of yeast phosphofructokinase
      reaction.

PMID- 6448848
TI  - A 15N NMR study on D-lysine metabolism in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The metabolic relationship of D-lysine, L-lysine, and L-pipecolic acid has been
      investigated in Neurospora crassa. Kinetic experiments show that radioactivity
      from D-lysine is efficiently incorporated into L-pipecolic acid and that this
      metabolite is converted to L-lysine. The alpha-amino group from D-[alpha
      15N]lysine is lost in the course of its conversion to L-pipecolic acid and is
      trapped by pyruvate and alpha-keto glutarate to give L-[alpha-15N]alanine and L
      [alpha-15N]glutamic acid. These amino acids are devoid of any label, however,
      when D-[epsilon-15N]lysine is applied to the fungus. As determined by mass and
      15N NMR spectrometry the label from D-[epsilon-15N]lysine migrate via L-pipecolic
      acid into the alpha position of L-lysine, i.e. D-[epsilon-15N]lysine is converted
      to L-[alpha-15N]lysine. L-Pipecolic acid functions as an intermediate in this
      conversion.

PMID- 6448849
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a human plasma protein with affinity for the
      lysine binding sites in plasminogen. Role in the regulation of fibrinolysis and
      identification as histidine-rich glycoprotein.

PMID- 6448850
TI  - Cell-surface heparan sulfate. Mechanisms of proteoglycan-cell association.

PMID- 6448851
TI  - Tumor-associated ganglio-N-triosylceramide. Target for antibody-dependent, avidin
      mediated drug killing of tumor cells.

PMID- 6448852
TI  - Quaternary structure of pig liver phosphofructokinase.
AB  - The quaternary structure of phosphofructokinase from pig liver has been studied
      by electron microscopy. Particles ranging in size from tetramers to long flexible
      chains of tetramers were commonly observed. Phosphofructokinase tetramers are
      square planar and approximately 110 A on a side; individual subunits are roughly
      spherical, with a mean radius of 28 A. Chains are formed by end-to-end
      association of tetramers rather than by tetramer stacking. The geometry of
      association implies that phosphofructokinase tetramers possess D2 symmetry, with
      distinct isologous bonding domains for dimer, tetramer, and chain formation.

PMID- 6448853
TI  - Influence of polyethylene glycols on the kinetics of rat liver
      phosphofructokinase.
AB  - The influence of polyethylene glycols on the kinetics of purified rat liver
      phosphofructokinase was examined because polyethylene glycol often has an
      associative influence on proteins without specifically interacting with them.
      Polyethylene glycol was found to prevent or slow the spontaneous inactivation,
      due to subunit dissociation, of rat liver phosphofructokinase which occurs at low
      protein concentration (10 microgram/ml) in an isotonic, pH 7 buffer in the
      absence of substrates. This protection is favored by increasing size and
      concentration of polyethylene glycol. Inclusion of polyethylene glycol in kinetic
      assays of rat liver phosphofructokinase had little effect on maximal velocity
      determined under optimal conditions at pH 8. However, the Km value for fructose 6
      phosphate measured at pH 7 and 3 mM MgATP was dramatically lowered with
      increasing polyethylene glycol concentration. The results support the proposal
      that more aggregated forms of rat liver phosphofructokinase have a decreased Km
      value for fructose 6-phosphate when assayed with inhibiting concentrations of
      MgATP.

PMID- 6448854
TI  - Phospholipid reactivation of the purified plasma membrane ATPase of yeast.
AB  - The plasma membrane ATPase of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe solubilized by
      lysolecithin and purified by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient is
      essentially inactive. The phospholipid distribution in the sucrose gradient
      indicates that inactivation of the ATPase may result from the partial
      delipidation occurring during purification. Taking into account the 100,000
      daltons of the ATPase polypeptide, it is concluded that 74 mol of phospholipids
      are bound per mol of purified ATP monomer. The ATPase so purified is reactivated
      simply by mixing the enzyme with preformed lipid micelles or vesicles.
      Lysolecithins reactivate the enzyme at concentrations around the critical
      micellar concentration. Gel exclusion chromatography indicates that the enzyme
      binds reversibly to the lysolecithin micelles. On the other hand, lecithins of
      varying chain length and unsaturation reactivate the enzyme to different extents
      and with different efficiencies. In addition, from binding studies, it is
      observed that each saturated lecithin combines equally well with the ATPase.
      Using other diacylphospholipids no specificity for the polar head group is
      observed. Moreover, cardiolipin microvesicles is shown to bind all the protein
      but not to restore the enzyme activity. From lipid-reactivation titration curves.
      Arrhenius plots, and physical data of the phospholipids, it is concluded that the
      major parameter which governs the optimal reactivation of ATPase is the ability
      of the phospholipids to form amphipathic structures (micelles or vesicles) of
      sufficient fluidity and hydrophobicity. From these results, a coherent
      description can be provided for the protein-lipid interactions occurring during
      solubilization, purification, and the lipid reactivation of the yeast plasma
      membrane ATPase.

PMID- 6448855
TI  - The proteolipid subunit of the chloroplast adenosine triphosphatase complex.
      Reconstitution and demonstration of proton-conductive properties.
AB  - The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-binding proteolipid of the chloroplast ATPase
      complex was solubilized in 1-butanol, isolated by ion exchange chromatography,
      and reconstituted in a liposomal system. Proton-conducting activity was monitored
      by fluorometry with 9-aminoacridine as an indicator of delta pH in K+-loaded
      liposomes suspended in a K+-free medium. Addition of valinomycin served to create
      a membrane potential. Proton mediation was further followed potentiometrically
      with a pH electrode. Reconstituted chloroplast DCCD-binding proteolipid rapidly
      catalyzed passive proton movement as measured by the quenching of 9-aminoacridine
      fluorescence upon addition of valinomycin to K+-loaded vesicles. Proton
      translocation was inhibited to approximately 80% by hydrophobic
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide but not its water-soluble analog (1-ethyl-3[3
      dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide). Maximal inhibition by DCCD occurred after 60
      min of incubation with 20 to 40 nmol of DCCD/20 nmol of proteolipid/10 mumol of
      lipid. The velocity of proton conduction increased when the external proton
      concentration in the medium was increased. Similar data were obtained using a pH
      electrode to follow proton movement. Subjection of proteolipid liposomes to
      tetranitromethane, resulting in nitration of tyrosine, markedly reduced proton
      conduction (62% inhibition). In a similar fashion preincubation of reconstituted
      vesicles with hydrophobic phenylisothiocyanate at neutral pH resulted in a
      decreased rate of proton movement (50% inhibition) while hydrophilic p
      sulfophenylisothiocyanate appeared to have no effect.

PMID- 6448856
TI  - Binding of the high mobility group protein, H6, to trout testis chromatin.
AB  - When 125I-labeled H6 was incubated with trout testis nuclei under conditions of
      pH and ionic strength approximating those in vivo, the radioactivity bound nearly
      quantitatively to the chromatin. Under comparable conditions, most non-nuclear
      proteins do not bind. Binding was neither tissue- nor species-specific, and HMG
      17, a mammalian homolog of H6, behaved similarly to H6. The labeled and the
      endogenous H6 molecules were equivalent by several criteria: 1) Both were
      released nearly quantitatively upon treatment of the chromatin with DNase I,
      whereas neither was released by digestion with micrococcal nuclease, suggesting
      that the labeled molecules, like those of endogenous H6, were bound primarily to
      the core particles in transcriptionally competent portions of the genome. 2) Salt
      extraction curves were similar for both the labeled and unlabeled proteins,
      although about 15% of the labeled molecules were bound to the chromatin more
      loosely than those of the endogenous H6. Taken together, these results suggest
      that chromatin contains specific, well defined sites to which H6 binds. Upon
      increasing the concentration of H6 in the incubation mixture, progressively
      greater numbers of low affinity, presumably nonspecific binding sites become
      occupied. This observation has important implications for studies in which
      nucleases are employed to probe chromatin structure, since they suggest that H6
      molecules released from specific, high affinity sites by the action of the
      nuclease might rebind more loosely to other regions of the chromatin.

PMID- 6448857
TI  - Tight binding of arterial myosin to skeletal F-actin.
AB  - A study of the K+-activated myosin ATPase activity, which was measured at high
      ionic strength in the absence of divalent cations, permitted estimates of the
      actin-myosin interaction under conditions where (i) myosin-myosin interactions
      were prevented, (ii) the actin-myosin interaction could be studied in the
      presence of ATP, and (iii) variation in myosin light chain phosphorylation did
      not alter smooth muscle myosin ATPase activity. A comparison of myosins isolated
      from swine carotid arteries and mixed (leg and back) rabbit skeletal muscle was
      conducted in the presence and absence of rabbit skeletal actin. It was found that
      (i) arterial myosin, like skeletal myosin, exhibited hyperbolic kinetics for ATP
      hydrolysis, (ii) specific ATPase activities were significantly higher for
      skeletal myosin, (iii) saturating concentrations of actin appear to totally
      inhibit the arterial myosin ATPase activity, but only partially inhibit skeletal
      myosin activity, (iv) the free actin concentration required for half-maximal
      inhibition was significantly lower for the arterial myosin ATPase activity than
      for the skeletal myosin activity; (v) unlike skeletal actomyosin, arterial
      actomyosin exhibits tight binding characteristics in the presence of ATP, (vi)
      the binding stoichiometry for arterial myosin to skeletal F-actin was 2 mol of
      actin monomer/mol of myosin. These observations reveal differences in the
      interaction of arterial and skeletal myosin with actin, and may in part, explain
      the high force-generating characteristics of arterial smooth muscle.

PMID- 6448858
TI  - Analysis of the in vitro synthesis of 5'-gamma-32P-labeled transcripts from
      coliphage lambda by gel electrophoresis, RNA-DNA hybridization, and RNase T1
      digestion.
AB  - Phage lambda RNA was synthesized in vitro in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP or
      GTP. The 12 S, 9 S, 8 S, 6 S, and 5 S transcripts were labeled specifically at
      the 5'-end with [gamma-32P]ATP, while [gamma-32P]GTP was incorporated at the 5'
      end of the 4 S RNA. Transcription of lambda DNA at various salt concentrations
      was studied by three experimental methods: electrophoresis of the transcripts in
      polyacrylamide gels; hybridization of RNA to DNA restriction fragments
      transferred to nitrocellulose paper; and digestion of the transcripts with RNase
      T1 and analysis of the resulting 5'-end 32P-labeled oligonucleotides by 20%
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Transcription from promoters pL, pR, and p'R
      was maximal between 50 mM and 150 mM NaCl and diminished as the salt
      concentration was raised to 200 mM. RNA synthesis originating from p'R was
      predominant at all salt concentrations. The relative salt sensitivity of RNA
      synthesis was determined for these promoters and found to decrease in the order:
      pL > pR > p'R.

PMID- 6448859
TI  - Characterization of a rho-dependent termination site within the cro gene of
      bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - Bacteriophage lambda transcripts were synthesized in vitro using lambda b2 DNA
      and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. RNA molecules initiating with ATP were
      labeled exclusively at the 5'-end by transcribing in the presence of [gamma
      32P]ATP. They were analyzed by electrophoresis in 3.5% polyacrylamide, 7.5 M urea
      gels followed by autoradiography. The previously known 6 S rho-independent
      transcript and rho-dependent 9 S and 8 S transcripts were observed. A new rho
      dependent 5 S transcript was also detected. The 5 S RNA was not the result of
      cleavage of larger RNAs by ribonuclease III. Analysis of partial ribonuclease T1
      digestion products of isolated 5'-end-labeled transcripts showed that the 5 S RNA
      is synthesized from promoter pR, the promoter for the 9 S and 8 S RNA species. A
      similar analysis of transcripts labeled with 32P exclusively at the 3'-terminus
      by the post-transcriptional addition of a [32P]pCp moiety with T4 RNA ligase
      revealed the positions of guanosine nucleotides proximal to the 3'-hydroxyl end.
      This information, and inspection of the known DNA nucleotide sequence downstream
      from pr, allowed us to conclude that the 5 S RNA is a mixture of molecules 112
      and 113 nucleotides long terminating in the middle of gene cro. The nucleotide
      sequence at the 3'-end of the 5 S RNA is similar to that of other rho-dependent
      transcripts and lacks the oligo(U) found at the terminus of rho-independent
      transcripts.

PMID- 6448860
TI  - Complications of spinal and epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 6448861
TI  - Lumbar spinal stenosis: the clinical spectrum and the results of operation.
AB  - Thirty-one patients who had been treated surgically for lumbar spinal stenosis
      between 1968 and 1978 at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital have been personally
      reviewed. In 28 patients (90 per cent) degenerative change in the lumbar spine
      had been the principal aetiological factor; the other three had idiopathic
      developmental lumbar spinal stenosis. In 17 patients (55 per cent) the result was
      classified as good, although a total of 26 patients (84 per cent) were satisfied.
      In patients with degenerative changes, one important reason for failure was
      inadequate decompression; re-operation in this group seemed worthwhile. The good
      results of operation for lumbar spinal stenosis were characterised by rapid
      resolution of pain in the leg.

PMID- 6448862
TI  - Calmodulin confers calcium sensitivity on ciliary dynein ATPase.
AB  - Extraction of demembranated cilia of Tetrahymena by Tris-EDTA (denoted by the
      suffix E) yields 14S-E and 30S-E dyneins with ATPase activities that are slightly
      increased by Ca++. This effect is moderately potentiated when bovine brain
      calmodulin is added to the assay mixture. Extraction with 0.5 M KCl (denoted by
      the suffix K) yeilds a 14S-K dynein with a low basal ATPase activity in the
      presence of Ca++. Subsequent addition of calmodulin causes marked activation (up
      to 10-fold) of ATPase activity. Although 14S-K and 14S-E dyneins have Ca++
      dependent ATPase activities that differ markedly in the degree of activation, the
      concentration of calmodulin required for half-maximal saturation is similar for
      both, approximately 0.1 microM. Both 30S-K and 30S-E dyneins, however, require
      approximately 0.7 microM bovine brain calmodulin to reach half-maximal activation
      of their Ca++-dependent ATPase activities. Tetrahymena calmodulin is as effective
      as bovine brain calmodulin in activating 30S dynein , but may be slightly less
      effective than the brain calmodulin in activating 14S dynein. Rabbit skeletal
      muscle troponin C also activates the Ca++-dependent ATPase activity of 30S dynein
      and, to a lesser extent, that of 14S dynein, but in both cases is less effective
      than calmodulin. The interaction of calmodulin with dynein that results in ATPase
      activation is largely complete in less than 1 min, and is prevented by the
      presence of low concentrations of ATP. Adenylyl imidodiphosphate can partially
      prevent activation of dynein ATPase by calmodulin plus Ca++, but at much higher
      concentrations than required for prevention by ATP. beta, gamma-methyl-adenosine
      triphosphate appears not to prevent this activation. The presence of Ca++
      dependent calmodulin-binding sites on 14S and 30S dyneins was demonstrated by the
      Ca++-dependent retention of the dyneins on a calmodulin-Sepharose-4B column. Gel
      electrophoresis of 14S dynein that had been purified by the affinity
      chromatography procedure showed that presence of two major and one minor high
      molecular weight components. Similar analysis of 30S dynein purified by this
      procedure also revealed on major and one minor high molecular weight components
      that were different from the major components of 14S dynein. Ca++-dependent
      binding sites for calmodulin were shown to be present on axonemes that had been
      extracted twice with Tris-EDTA or with 0.5 M KCl by the use of 35S-labeled
      Tetrahymena calmodulin. It is concluded that the 14S and 30S dyneins of
      Tetrahymena contain Ca++-dependent binding sites for calmodulin and the
      calmodulin mediates the Ca++-regulation of the dynein ATPases of Tetrahymena
      cilia.

PMID- 6448863
TI  - Structural basis of motility in the microtubular axostyle: implications for
      cytoplasmic microtubule structure and function.
AB  - The gross morphology of the protozoan microtubule axostyle of Saccinobaculus
      ambloaxostylus can now be described in macromolecular detail. The left-handed
      coil of the axostyle is seen to be dependent upon the asymmetry inherent in the
      constituent microtubules as expressed by the specific array of linkages between
      microtubules and by a possible tendency for microtubules to coil into left-handed
      helices. The laminated sheets of microtubules are not aligned parallel to the
      long axis of the organelle, but become increasingly tilted off-axis as one
      descends through the sheets of microtubules from the convex to the concave
      surface of the axostyle. Fine-structural analysis of the axostyle indicates
      similarities of the linkages to dynein. The potential loci of the force
      generating protein(s) are discussed as well as implications of the axostyle's
      structure on general microtubule function.

PMID- 6448864
TI  - [Infection of vascular sutures: a report on 26 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe 26 cases of infection after vascular surgery, affecting a
      Dacron prosthesis in 13 cases and venous grafts in the other 13 patients. The
      site of infection was usually the region of Scarpa's triangle (15 cases) with the
      presence of enterobacterium in 40% of cases. The most frequently isolated germ
      was staphylococcus aureus (20 cases). Infection was revealed by hemorrhage in 17
      patients and was evidence of breaking down of the anastomosis. Results of
      surgical treatment in the two groups were evaluated by using three criteria: -
      persistence or not of infection, --vital prognosis, --functional prognosis.
      Surgical treatment methods and possible contamination sources are discussed. When
      the operative zone is infected, the authors recommend ablation for the prostheses
      and conservative therapy for venous autografts. The prosthesis was left in place
      in 5 patients, and only one patient recovered, while two deaths occurred. In the
      10 cases where ablation of the prosthesis was performed, however, the infection
      was cured, and in 4 patients there was revascularization in the infected area.
      Apart from these cases, conservative therapy was applied in 11 cases and healing
      occurred in all of them.

PMID- 6448865
TI  - Quantitative analysis of non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6448866
TI  - Plasmic degradation of crosslinked fibrin. Characterization of new macromolecular
      soluble complexes and a model of their structure.
AB  - Crosslinked fibrin was digested by plasmin, and three soluble complexes larger
      than DD/E were purified and characterized. After gel filtration chromatography,
      the purified complexes were shown to have molecular weights of 465,000, 703,000,
      and 850,000, as determined by equilibrium sedimentation. Each of the complexes
      was dissociated into two or more fragments by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The structure of these subunit fragments was deduced from
      determinations of their molecular weights and polypeptide chain composition and
      from known sites of plasmin cleavage of fibrin. Fragments larger than DD have
      been identified that contain intact gammagamma crosslinks as well as fragments
      resulting from cleavages at or near this site. The former include DY (mol wt
      247,000), YY (mol wt 285,000), DXD (mol wt 461,000), and YXD (mol wt 500,000);
      and the latter include fragments XD (mol wt 334,000) and XY (mol wt 391,000). A
      schematic model was developed to explain the structure of the large noncovalently
      bound complexes based on their molecular weight and observed component fragments.
      Our scheme supports the two-stranded half-staggered overlap model as the basic
      unit of fibrin structure, in which each complex consists of fragments from two
      adjacent complementary antiparallel fibrin strands. The smallest derivative,
      complex 1, is the DD/E complex; complex 2 contains apposed DY and YD fragments,
      and complex 3 consists of fragments DXD and YY. Complex 4 is less well
      characterized, but its intact structure is projected to consist of YXD and DXY
      fragments from adjacent fibrin strands. Each complex is heterogeneous in subunit
      composition, reflecting additional plasmin cleavages within and/or adjacent to
      its theoretical boundaries. Since most of the protein initially released into
      solution from degrading fibrin is as complexes larger than DD/E, the derivatives
      described in this report are likely to be major circulating degradation products
      of crosslinked fibrin in vivo.

PMID- 6448867
TI  - Decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) measures the response of
      peripheral blood T cells to antigens present on the surface of non-T cells. The
      AMLR was studied in 25 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). The AMLR was
      decreased in 15 of 25 (60%) of patients with SS (5,272 +/- 6,738 cpm vs. 14,396
      +/- 10,092 cpm for the normal controls, P < 0.001). The AMLR was decreased in 8
      of 15 patients with only glandular disease who were not on any systemic
      medications. Patients with SS and associated disease had lower responses than
      patients with SS alone. Two patients with pseudolymphoma had absent response. The
      decreased AMLR correlated with a decreased response to concanavalin A, suggesting
      a possible abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. There was no correlation
      between the decreased AMLR and age, focus score, serum immunoglobulin
      concentration, the titer of antilymphocyte antibody, or phytohemagglutinin
      response. In allogeneic MLR, SS non-T cells and macrophages stimulated normal
      allogeneic T cells less well than normal non-T cells and macrophages, suggesting
      a possible abnormality in the cells that stimulate in the cells that stimulate in
      the allogeneic MLR.

PMID- 6448868
TI  - Biological role of fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6448869
TI  - Breakdown products of fibrin and fibrinogen: molecular mechanisms and clinical
      implications.

PMID- 6448870
TI  - Natural inhibitors of fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6448871
TI  - Biochemistry of the plasmin system.

PMID- 6448872
TI  - Dental care for handicapped persons: results of a questionnaire survey.

PMID- 6448873
TI  - Deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in psoriatic lesions.
AB  - Biopsy specimens from 43 patients with psoriasis were studied by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Deposits of complement C3 and/or immunoglobulins
      were seen in the vessel walls and/or in the dermal-epidermal junction of all of
      21 patients with pustular psoriasis, acute guttate psoriasis, psoriatic
      arthropathy and erythroderma. similar deposits were seen in nine out of 22
      patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Deposits were found in clinically uninvolved
      skin in only one of 37 patients. The results might suggest that the deposition of
      immune complexes in the vessel walls are of importance for the development of
      psoriatic lesions.

PMID- 6448874
TI  - Bullous eruption due to ethchlorvynol.

PMID- 6448875
TI  - Disability, home care and the care-taking role in family life.
AB  - This exploratory study examines the dynamics of keeping a disabled adult in the
      home. In interviews with 30 families, major foci emerged which spanned the
      interaction between family members and one member, the disabled adult. These foci
      were: the initial weighing process in the decision to keep the disabled at home,
      the therapeutic process which evolved among members, the interactional system
      which served the social unit, and the social context and adaptation that the
      family made to perceived misfortune.

PMID- 6448876
TI  - Children and depression--the children of depressed parents; the childhood of
      depressed patients; depression in children.
AB  - In order to understand the development of depression in children, three types of
      data are reviewed: (1) studies of the children of depressed parents; (2) studies
      of the childhood histories of depressed adults; (3) direct studies of depression
      in children. These data support an increased frequency of depression and other
      psychopathology in the children of depressed adults. An examination of the homes
      of children with a depressed parent reveals a disruptive, hostile, and rejecting
      environment. This atmosphere is also found in the homes of depressed children and
      in the homes of children who become depressed as adults. Methodological issues
      are discussed which will help sort out the relative influences of genes and
      environment in future studies.

PMID- 6448877
TI  - EEG sleep and affective psychosis.
AB  - EEG sleep changes in delusional depression have been reported previously but no
      attempt has been made to examine sleep profiles among specific delusional
      subtypes. In 29 psychotically depressed patients, those patients with delusions
      of guilt or sin demonstrated both increased sleep discontinuity and decreased REM
      sleep, especially during the first REM period, while patients with somatic
      delusions showed increased REM activity, especially in the first REM period. The
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6448878
TI  - Symptoms as predictors of response to amitriptyline and nortriptyline  -- the
      plasma level variable.
AB  - Data collected to define therapeutic plasma levels for amitriptyline and
      nortriptyline were re-analyzed to test endogenous and non-endogenous symptoms as
      response predictors while controlling for plasma level variable. The selection
      criteria limited the range of historical predictors. Initial symptom quality was
      not predictive of outcome for the entire group of 44 patients or for the 27 with
      therapeutic plasma levels. Delusions were not associated with poor outcome. The
      authors conclude that historical components of the endogenous--non-endogenous
      distinction (e.g., premorbid personality, stability of symptoms over time,
      quality of remissions) may be more important as response predictors.

PMID- 6448879
TI  - Mood disorder in women professionals.
AB  - The lifetime prevalence of affective disorder in women with M.D.'s and Ph.D's was
      assessed by personal interview. The two groups were matched by age, race, and
      marital status. Thirty-nine percent of 111 white, women physicians and 30% of 103
      white women Ph.D.'s were found to have primary affective disorder. There was no
      excess of depression in women psychiatrists or psychologists. Eleven percent of
      the first degree relatives of the depressed M.D.'s and 7% of similar relatives of
      depressed Ph.D's had affective disorder by family history compared to only 2% of
      the well M.D.'s and 2% of the well Ph.D's relatives. The study confirms that
      depression is an extremely common problem for professional women. By emphasizing
      its heritability, it raises the question of the self-selection for professional
      careers of women with affective disorder.

PMID- 6448880
TI  - Relationship between plasma ratio of tryptophan to competing amino acids and the
      response to L-tryptophan treatment in endogenously depressed patients.
AB  - The ratio of the plasma of total tryptophan to those amino acids that compete
      with tryptophan during transport into the brain was determined in 60 control
      subjects and 87 patients suffering from endogenous depression, all females. The
      plasma ratio in the control subjects showed a significant negative correlation
      with age. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the
      biochemical data between the control subjects and the depressed patients. There
      was a significant higher proportion of bipolar depressed subjects compared to
      unipolar depressives and patients of uncertain polarity who showed a plasma ratio
      in the lower normal range. Thirty-two patients were subsequently treated with L
      tryptophan. In the patients who showed a particularly low plasma ratio of
      tryptophan to competing amino acids a remission frequency of 80% was observed on
      day 14. The efficacy of L-tryptophan in the patients who showed a plasma ratio
      within the upper normal range was extremely poor. The results suggest that the
      ratio in the plasma of tryptophan to competing amino acids is a useful predictor
      of the course of treatment of depressed subjects with L-tryptophan.

PMID- 6448881
TI  - Somatic complaints -- harbinger of depression in primary care.
AB  - The pattern of patient visits and type of complaints relating to depressive
      illness was investigated in a University family practice clinic. Complaints and
      visits of depressives were compared to those made by age and sex-matched controls
      over 6 time periods which spanned a period of 2 years starting 6 months prior to
      the diagnosis of depression. Functional, pain, anxiety, and social complaints
      appeared to parallel the course of the depression, rising before the diagnosis of
      depression and returning to control levels 15-18 months after the depression was
      diagnosed. Somatic complaints were a prominent part of the depressive
      presentation.

PMID- 6448882
TI  - Familial and non-familial mania.
AB  - We compared 34 manics with a positive family history of affective disorder
      (familial mania) and 84 manics with a negative family history of affective
      disorder (non-familial mania) for clinical, demographic and historical variables
      related to abnormal brain function and for cortical functioning measured by
      neuropsychological and electroencephalographic techniques. Proband and relative
      research diagnosis, neuropsychological and electroencephalographic
      interpretations were made blindly and independently of each other. Except for
      index admission severity of illness being greater in familial manics, we could
      find no significant differences for any of the variables studied. We conclude
      that differences in family illness patterns do not identify subgroups of manics
      and if it exists, heterogeneity, must be sought by studying other biologic
      correlates of psychopathology.

PMID- 6448883
TI  - Psychiatric illness in the adult offspring of bipolar manic-depressives.
AB  - Forty-eight of the 50 living adult offspring of 16 bipolar patients were
      interviewed. Data was available on the 2 other offspring, who had previously
      suicided. One half of the offspring met criteria for psychiatric illness, the
      majority of which was either primary affective or other affective disorder. The
      mean age of onset of illness was middle to late adolescence, earlier than that
      generally reported elsewhere. Female offspring were 3 times as likely to be ill
      as male offspring, in spite of being equally represented in the sample. Reasons
      for this were examined.

PMID- 6448884
TI  - Alcoholism, depression, and life events.
AB  - Alcoholics with and without secondary depression were compared on a wide variety
      of clinical variables. Subjects with secondary depression reported more fights,
      arrests, neurotic complaints, suicidal behavior, and recent undesirable life
      events than subjects with alcoholism alone. The data indicate a close
      relationship between negative events and the secondary depression of alcoholism.
      In addition, the findings suggest that the alcoholic with secondary depression is
      at greater risk for suicide than the alcoholic without a depressive syndrome.

PMID- 6448885
TI  - Antidepressant potentiation of 5-hydroxytryptophan by L-deprenil in affective
      illness.
AB  - In an open trial study, L-Deprenil, an irreversible selective MAO-B inhibitor
      without 'chesse effect' was given to 14 patients with unipolar and bipolar
      depression receiving L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) and benzerazide. Ten out of
      14 patients showed a good response to the combination of drugs and a correlation
      was found between the degree of platelet MAO inhibition and clinical response. In
      a double-blind controlled study, 18 affectively ill patients were randomly
      allocated to L-Deprenil plus L-5-HTP and benzerazide, 21 patients were treated
      with L-5-HTP and benzerazide and 19 patients with placebo only. Patients treated
      with the combination of L-Deprenil and L-5-HTP showed a significantly greater
      clinical improvement than placebo patients but this was not the case for patients
      treated with 5-HTP alone. A positive relationship was demonstrated between mood
      improvement and degree of platelet MAO inhibition in patients treated with L
      Deprenil.

PMID- 6448886
TI  - Chronic mood disorders in depressed outpatient--diagnosis and response to
      pharmacotherapy.
AB  - The current study was devised to assess the utility of Research Diagnostic
      Criteria (RDC) categories used to classify minor mood disorders. Similar
      categories are to be used in the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd
      edition. The patient sample consisted of 64 consecutive admissions to a double
      blind trial of amitriptyline, perphenazine and the combination as treatment for
      depression. Patients who met RDC for a current episode of major depressive
      disorder were given 4 weeks of pharmacotherapy as treatment. Chronic mood
      disorders were also assessed using RDC criteria. This evaluation revealed that
      only 34% met criteria for an episode of major depressive disorder alone, while
      36% met criteria for intermittent depressive disorder, 14% for cyclothymic
      personality and 16% for labile personality in addition to being in a current
      major depressive episode. These 4 diagnostic subgroups were compared on
      demographic characteristics, childhood history, psychiatric history, presenting
      patterns of symptoms and social functioning, and response to treatment.
      Differences were noted in the subgroups in presenting symptom levels and residual
      impairment. However, there was no differential response to a brief course of
      antidepressant pharmacotherapy in patients with and without chronic minor mood
      disorders. Most patients showed an improvement during the brief course of
      treatment. Thus, the presence of a chronic minor mood disorder does not appear to
      be contraindication for use of medication in patients who also are currently
      experiencing a major depressive episode.

PMID- 6448887
TI  - A re-examination of the clinical effects of imipramine and amitriptyline in
      depressive illness.
AB  - A double-blind trial of amitriptyline and imipramine was conducted in patients
      suffering from depressive illness. The results failed to confirm the prevalent
      belief that amitriptyline has a greater sedative effect and superior anxiolytic
      properties than imipramine. The therapeutic effect of these drugs was not shown
      to be related to their sedative properties and with regard to anxiety the reverse
      appeared to be true.

PMID- 6448888
TI  - The classification of affective disorders--a reassessment of the bipolar-unipolar
      dichotomy. A clinical, laboratory, and family study.
AB  - We studied a sample of 26 unipolar and 134 bipolar probands for a selection of
      familial, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. We found a high
      proportion of unipolar illness in the relatives of bipolar probands and bipolar
      illness in the relatives of unipolar probands, inconsistent with the present
      dichotomous classification of affective disorders. The two groups were also
      similar on a number of clinical and demographic variables, and displayed equal
      amounts of cortical dysfunction as measured by electroencephalographic and
      neuropsychological techniques. The groups differed significantly on only 2
      variables, with unipolars having a greater proportion of females and a later
      onset age than bipolars. We interpret these findings to be suggestive of
      homogeneity rather than heterogeneity for the more severe forms of affective
      disorders and offer several alternatives to the present unipolar/bipolar
      dichotomy which require further testing.

PMID- 6448889
TI  - Affirmative action--student input and effective change.

PMID- 6448890
TI  - The role of central serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurons in the regulation of
      nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma thyrotropin.
AB  - A possible participation of central serotoninergic or noradrenergic neurons on
      nyctohemeral periodicity of plasma TSH concentration was studied in the rat.
      Control rats exhibited normal nyctohemeral fluctuations of plasma TSH
      characterized by high AM (09:30) and low PM (18:30) values (397 +/- 45 vs. 207 +/
      28 ng/ml, p < 0.01). The daily ip administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (p
      CPA, 100 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days produced significant decreases in plasma
      TSH concentration and hypothalamic TRH content in the AM. However, these
      parameters in the PM were unaffected by p-CPA administration. An inhibition of
      serotoninergic activity thus abolished nyctohemeral periodicity in plasma TSH by
      lowering only AM values (AM:253 +/- 32 vs. PM:236 +/- 30 ng/ml, p > 0.1). On the
      other hand, intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 250
      micrograms/rat), a drug able to deplete noradrenaline and possibly dopamine, had
      no appreciable effect on AM-PM fluctuations of either plasma TSH or hypothalamic
      TRH content. The rate of elevation of plasma TSH after thyroidectomy was not
      significantly different in p-CPA or 6-OHDA treated rats compared to the
      respective controls, suggesting that there is no significant contribution of
      these biogenic amines to feedback control of TSH secretion by thyroid hormones.
      The present study suggests that the nyctohemeral periodicity of pituitary TSH
      secretion can be produced by cyclic activation of hypothalamus brought about by
      the increased input of serotoninergic neurons in response to the periodicity of
      certain environmental cues and that central noradrenergic or dopaminergic neurons
      are not involved in this system.

PMID- 6448891
TI  - Disturbance of redistribution of surface membrane receptors on peripheral
      mononuclear cells of patients with Down's syndrome and of aged individuals.
AB  - Redistribution of surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg) and concanavalin A (Con
      A) receptor sites were studied in the peripheral mononuclear cells of
      institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome (DS), non-DS patients from the
      same institution, normal hospital staff members, and a group of healthy-appearing
      older volunteers averaging over 85 years of age. Two ligands were chosen:
      fluorescein-labeled polyvalant goat anti-human immunoglobulin for T-depleted
      mononuclear cells, and fluoresceinated Con-A for unfractionated peripheral
      mononuclear cells. The percentage of cells showing capping of SmIg and Con-A
      receptor sites was significantly lower in aged persons and in DS patients than in
      non-DS patients and normal staff members. Such a disturbance of mobility of cell
      membrane receptors in aged persons indicates the existence of alterations in
      surface membrane and associated structures of peripheral mononuclear (lymphoid)
      cells with aging in humans. The finding of a lower degree of capping in DS than
      in controls of similar age supports the supposition that DS shows features of
      accelerated aging.

PMID- 6448892
TI  - Factors that modify the cellular-immune response in patients infected by
      Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 6448893
TI  - Regulation of lymphocyte responses by human gangliosides. I. Characteristics of
      inhibitory effects and the induction of impaired activation.
AB  - Gangliosides obtained from normal human brain were found to inhibit the in vitro
      activation of human lymphocytes by nonspecific mitogens and allogeneic cells at
      concentrations between 3 to 50 microgram/1.5 to 1.7 X 10(5) lymphocytes/0.2 ml
      culture. Ganglioside inhibition did not represent cytotoxic effects or altered
      lectin binding and was independent of the mitogen concentration. In addition to
      concentration, the degree of inhibition was dependent on the mode of presentation
      to lymphocytes, since gangliosides incorporated within liposomal membranes
      displayed a synergistic inhibitory effect greater than predicted from the
      cultures receiving either gangliosides or liposomes alone. In binding
      experiments, radiolabeled ganglioside GM1 became associated with human
      lymphocytes within 10 min. However, approximately 72 hr pre-exposure of human
      lymphocytes to gangliosides was required to induce impaired lymphocyte responses
      to mitogens and allogeneic cells. Thus, concentrations of human gangliosides
      equivalent to the levels occurring in the sera of patients with certain
      malignancies are capable of actively inhibiting lymphocyte stimulation in
      addition to inducing impaired lymphocyte responses.

PMID- 6448894
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to non-HLA antigens of the host by donor lymphocytes in
      patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease.
AB  - Forty-four patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia were given marrow grafts
      from siblings selected on the basis of HLA-A and -B identity and mutual
      nonreactivity of their lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Twenty-two
      to 1089 days after grafting, their lymphocytes (of donor origin) were tested for
      reactivity in MLC to lymphocytes from the host (cryopreserved before grafting),
      the marrow donor, and unrelated individuals. Lymphocytes from 14 of 22 long-term
      survivors with chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) showed unidirectional
      reactivity in response to host lymphocytes manifested as high stimulation indices
      (SI) and high relative responses (RR). Lymphocytes from only 1 of 12 long-term
      survivors without chronic GVHD showed unidirectional reactivity to host
      lymphocytes. Statistical analysis showed that lymphocytes from patients with
      chronic GVHD displayed anti-host responses that were significantly higher than
      those of lymphocytes from either marrow donors (p < 0.001) or patients without
      GVHD (p = 0.03). Lymphocytes from 5 patients with and 5 without acute GVHD,
      tested shortly after marrow grafting, failed to show responses to host cells. The
      results are consistent with a participation of cell-mediated immunity of graft
      against host in chronic GVHD.

PMID- 6448895
TI  - Heterogeneity of the tolerant state in rats with long established skin grafts.
AB  - Tolerance in rats with long established allogeneic skin grafts brought about by
      the neonatal inoculation of hybrid lymphomyeloid cells is immunologically
      heterogeneous because 2 states of tolerance may be defined operationally as fully
      and partially tolerant. T cells from fully tolerant donors transfer tolerance and
      are unresponsive in MLC, but T cells from partially tolerant donors do not
      transfer tolerance and are modestly responsive in MLC. A state of tolerance may
      exist without detectable suppression. Therefore, tolerance, traditionally defined
      as the permanent acceptance of an allogeneic skin graft, does not reflect a
      uniform immunologic state.

PMID- 6448896
TI  - Hapten-specific T cell response to azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in the
      Lewis rat. I. Induction and suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity and in
      vitro proliferative responses.
AB  - Pretreatment of Lewis rats with a single i.p. injection of ABA-N-acetyl-tyrosine
      in incomplete Freund's adjuvant induced an unresponsiveness for delayed-type
      hypersensitivity to subsequent immunization with the same antigen in complete
      Freund's adjuvant. Complete suppression of in vitro antigen-induced proliferative
      responses required repeated pretreatment. Passive transfer of lymphoid cells from
      spleen and lymph nodes but not sera from suppressed rats induced unresponsiveness
      of hapten-specific T cell functions. Nylon wool-nonadherent cells and cells
      panned on F(ab')2 of rabbit anti-Lewis rat Ig plates suppressed the induction of
      DTH and in vitro antigen-stimulated proliferation. Adult thymectomy increased DTH
      and failed to abolish the induction of suppression.

PMID- 6448897
TI  - Mechanism of neonatal idiotype suppression. II. Alterations in the T cell
      compartment suppress the maturation of B cell precursors.
AB  - The cellular mechanism in neonatally suppressed BALB/c mice, which maintains the
      chronic suppressed state of the TEPC-15 idiotype in the antibody response to
      phosphorylcholine (PC), was investigated. Cells taken from these suppressed mice
      cannot transfer suppression to adult BALB/c or affect the in vitro response to PC
      of adult BALB/c spleen cells. However, spleen cells or T cells from neonatally
      suppressed mice given to neonatal animals induce chronic suppression of the TEPC
      15 idiotype in the anti-PC response. Co-transfer of T cells from neonatally
      suppressed cells with normal T cells prevented the induction of suppression in
      neonates. Transfer of T cells from normal or keyhole limpet hemocyanin-primed
      BALB/c increased the expression of TEPC-15 idiotype in chronically suppressed
      mice, whereas T cells from neonatally suppressed were ineffective. These findings
      show that T cells in neonatally suppressed mice can affect the development of
      immature but not mature cells. The restoration of TEPC-15 expression in
      neonatally suppressed animals by normal T cells and the failure to induce
      suppression in neonates by co-transfers of T cells from normal and chronically
      suppressed mice demonstrate the profound role of an altered T cell compartment in
      sustaining chronic idiotype suppression.

PMID- 6448898
TI  - The murine Kupffer cell. II. Accessory cell function in in vitro primary antibody
      responses, mitogen-induced proliferation, and stimulation of mixed lymphocyte
      responses.
AB  - The ability of murine Kupffer cells to function in several in vitro immunologic
      systems was investigated. These cells have been shown previously to function as
      accessory cells in antigen-stimulated T cell proliferation in response to protein
      antigens. In the present study it has been demonstrated that murine Kupffer cells
      also are competent as accessory cells in in vitro primary antibody responses to
      TNP-KLH and for T cell proliferative responses to concanavalin A. In addition,
      murine Kupffer cells were found to be potent stimulators of mixed lymphocyte
      responses. These studies extend previous observations by demonstrating that
      Kupffer cells are competent accessory cells in several distinct in vitro
      correlates of in vivo immune responses. The role of Kupffer cells in in vivo
      immune responses, particularly those to enterically derived antigens, may require
      re-evaluation in the light of these findings.

PMID- 6448899
TI  - Suppression of T cell-mediated cytotoxic responses by spleen cells from mice
      rendered pre-amyloid by a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant and
      Mycobacterium butyricum.

PMID- 6448900
TI  - Interaction of reovirus with cell surface receptors. II. Generation of suppressor
      T cells by the hemagglutinin of reovirus type 3.
AB  - In studying reovirus interactions with lymphocytes, we have found that reovirus
      type 3, but not type 1, inhibits the in vitro proliferative response of murine
      splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A). By analyzing recombinant clones
      containing genes from both reovirus types 1 and 3, we found that the S1 gene, the
      gene that encodes the viral hemagglutinin, is responsible for the inhibitory
      effect. In addition we found that type 3, but not type 1, generates suppressor T
      cells in vitro capable of suppressing Con A proliferation. By analyzing
      recombinant clones, we also found that the viral hemagglutinin is responsible for
      the generation of suppressor T cells by reovirus type 3. These effects were
      observed whether UV-inactivated or live virus was used. Reovirus type 3
      inhibition of the proliferative response of murine splenic lymphocytes to Con A
      was blocked by anti-reovirus type 3 antibody but not by anti-reovirus type 1
      antibody. Antiviral antibody had no effect on the ability of reovirus type 3
      induced suppressor cells to inhibit Con A proliferation. We have previously
      demonstrated a receptor on murine lymphocytes for the hemagglutinin of reovirus
      type 3, and our results suggest that the in vitro suppression of Con A
      proliferation of murine lymphocytes by reovirus type 3 is secondary to the
      interaction of the viral hemagglutinin with a receptor on the surface of murine
      lymphocytes, which results in the generation of functionally active suppressor T
      cells.

PMID- 6448901
TI  - Ia-like antigens on human T lymphocytes: relationship to other surface markers,
      role in mixed lymphocyte reactions, and structural profile.

PMID- 6448902
TI  - Recognizing poison ivy and related plants in Indiana.

PMID- 6448903
TI  - Topical corticosteroids.

PMID- 6448905
TI  - Let's get serious about mainstreaming.

PMID- 6448904
TI  - Microvascular protein leakage in extensive skin diseases: aspects of the
      transport mechanisms.
AB  - The transcapillary escape rates of albumin (TERalb) and IgG (TERIgG) (i.e.
      fractions of intravascular masses of albumin and IgG passing to the extravascular
      spaces per unit time) can be used as parameters of the microvascular leakiness to
      macromolecules. These parameters were examined simultaneously in 12 patients with
      extensive skin disease. Six of the patients were reexamined after treatment with
      systemic steroid. The significantly increased (p less than 0.001) pretreatment
      values of both TERalb and TERIgG were normalized after treatment with systemic
      steroid to mean values comparable to those of the control group (p greater than
      0.1). The patients mean ratio of TERIgG/TERalb did not differ from that of
      controls, neither before nor after treatment (p greater than 0.1). The
      microvascular leakage to differently sized macromolecules in the patients
      examined seems to be independent of the underlying skin disease. On the
      background of the structural microvascular changes often described in
      inflammatory reactions developed experimentally, and the similar changes present
      in the microvasculature of the psoriatic skin, it is suggested, that the
      increased microvascular leakage as found in this study, is confined to the
      postcapillary venules. The functional mechanisms dominating the transport of
      macromolecules across the vessel wall in this study are compatible with free
      diffusion as well as with filtration.

PMID- 6448906
TI  - Effects of manipulating serotonin on the incidence of ovulation in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that while depletion of brain serotonin by the
      administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of tryptophan
      hydroxylase, blocks the daily surge of LH in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized
      rats, restoration of serotonin synthesis by treatment with its immediate
      precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), at a critical time of day, reinstates the
      surge. The present study indicates that the experimental procedure involving
      serotonin depletion and its subsequent replenishment may also be used to control
      the preovulatory LH surge and ovulation in intact cyclic rats provided that (1)
      the PCPA is administered subcutaneously rather than intraperitoneally nad (2) the
      5-HTP is given in conjunction with carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase
      inhibitor: the latter observation providing further evidence for a central role
      for serotonin in the control of ovulation. These precautions were unnecessary
      when oestrogen was administered at the same time as the PCPA. It appears that
      PCPA administered intraperitoneally results in a suppression of the preovulatory
      rise in oestrogen secretion (and may have additional deleterious effects at the
      level of the ovaries) and that 5-HTP, in the absence of supplementary oestrogen,
      may block ovulation by peripheral action after conversion to serotonin. This
      study indicates the need for caution when using pharmacological 'cocktails' to
      investigate neuroendocrine events underlying ovulation when the experiments are
      carried out in the presence of the ovaries.

PMID- 6448907
TI  - Lymphokine enhances the expression and synthesis of Ia antigens on cultured mouse
      peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Soluble products from antigen stimulated Trypanosoma cruzi-immune spleen cells
      enhanced the expression of Ia antigens on proteose-peptone-elicited mouse
      peritoneal macrophages (M phi). Acquisition of Ia paralleled M phi activation,
      previously shown to be mediated by this same source of lymphokine (LK).
      Expression of Ia and four other plasma membrane antigens was monitored by
      quantitative binding and radioautographic studies with 125I-monoclonal
      antibodies. Immune LK selectively enhanced expression of Ia and, to a lesser
      extent, H-2D relative to control LK from antigen-stimulated noninfected spleen.
      The levels of three other non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens,
      including the trypsin-resistant Fc receptor, were similar in cells exposed to
      both sources of LK. As little as 1% immune LK induced one-half maximal expression
      of Ia. Kinetic studies revealed that much of the Ia on freshly explanted
      peritoneal M phi was lost during the 1st d of culture. In the continued presence
      of immune LK, Ia was re-expressed on virtually all M phi by the 2nd and 3rd d.
      Alternatively, > 95% Ia negative populations were obtained by culturing the cells
      3 d; then, addition of LK induced Ia on most cells within 1 d. Once induced, Ia
      persisted on the M phi surface for at least 2 d. [35S]methionine radiolabeling
      indicated that immune LK selectively increased radiolabeling of M phi Ia, again
      with other non-MHC-linked plasma membrane polypeptides as controls. LK-induced Ia
      bearing M phi were tested as primary mixed leukocyte reaction stimulators. 1 x
      10(5)-2 x 10(5) M phi did not stimulate 4.5 x 10(6) responding T cells, whereas
      10(4) dendritic cells induced strong responses, as previously described. Because
      Ia-positive M phi do not actively sensitize T cells in a model immune response,
      we propose that M phi MHC products serve primarily as recognition sites for
      previously sensitized T cells, thereby enhancing T cell-mediated M phi
      activation.

PMID- 6448908
TI  - Effect of making a diagnosis on subsequent recognition of symptoms.

PMID- 6448909
TI  - [A study on chromosomal satellite association in Down's syndrome and in the
      parents (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448910
TI  - [Cervical neoplasms caused by Thorotrast (apropos of 2 cases)].

PMID- 6448911
TI  - [Endoscopic treatment of pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum (10 years'
      experience)].

PMID- 6448912
TI  - [Flute-beak tracheal stenosis (apropos of 6 cases)].

PMID- 6448913
TI  - [Cancers of the endolarynx. Therapeutic indications and results. Round Table,
      Lille, 9 June 1979].

PMID- 6448914
TI  - Current topics in extrapyramidal disorders.

PMID- 6448915
TI  - Metabolic alterations in an animal model of Huntington's disease using the 14C
      deoxyglucose method.
AB  - Various brain regions showing altered glucose uptake in an animal model of
      Huntington's disease (HD) were identified by the 14C-2-deoxyglucose (DG)
      autoradiographic technique. Rats with kainic acid (KA) lesions of the neostriatum
      were used as an animal model of HD. KA-injected animals showed reduced
      utilization of DG in the injected neostriatum as well as in the ipsilateral
      rostral sulcal cortex, dentate fascia of hippocampus, ventromedial nucleus of the
      thalamus and cortico-bulbar tract. By contrast, enhanced uptake was found in the
      ipsilateral globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, the area lateral to the
      lateral hypothalamus, the lateral habenular nucleus and pars reticulata of the
      substantia nigra. The results provide interesting in vivo metabolic and
      functional information on brain circuits involved in motor performance.

PMID- 6448916
TI  - The neuropathology of GABA neurons in extrapyramidal disorders.
AB  - Dysfunction of neurons in the extrapyramidal system (EPS) which use GABA as their
      neurotransmitter can be noted in both degenerative diseases of the EPS and in
      iatrogenic (i.e. drug-induced)disorders of EPS function. In Huntington's chorea
      there is a loss of both GABA neurons and GABA receptors in the striatum; those
      remaining GABA receptors likely have an altered kinetic profile, with a higher
      affinity for GABA than the receptors found in the non-Huntington's brain. In
      Parkinson's disease the lower levels of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase observed in
      the EPS is likely not associated with neuronal cell loss but is likely secondary
      to the dopamine neuron loss. These alterations in GABA neuron function and the
      long-term changes associated with chronic L-DOPA therapy may be related to
      Parkinsonian tremor. The drug-induced dyskinesias (L-DOPA, neuroleptic) appear to
      be associated with a relative hypo-function of EPS GABA neurons, especially in
      relation to DA neuron function, whereas in the case of drug-induced Parkinsonism
      the opposite may be the case. The function and dysfunction of GABA neurons in the
      EPS cannot be seen as a separate entity, but must be considered in relation to
      alterations in other EPS neurons, especially dopamine and acetylcholine.

PMID- 6448917
TI  - CFS hydroxylase cofactor levels in some neurological diseases.
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid concentration of hydroxylase cofactor has been measured
      in patients with Parkinson's disease, the Shy-Drager and Steele-Richardson
      syndromes, adult onset focal dystonia, essential tremor, Huntington's disease and
      presenile dementia. The results were compared with age matched controls and low
      values were demonstrated for all disease groups studied except for focal
      dystonia.

PMID- 6448918
TI  - Properties of single-fiber spindle group II EPSPs in triceps surae motoneurons.

PMID- 6448919
TI  - Comparison of monosynaptic actions of medial gastrocnemius group Ia and group II
      muscle spindle afferents on triceps surae motoneurons.

PMID- 6448920
TI  - Controlled clinical trials of manipulation: a review and a proposal.
AB  - Manipulation has been widely used for the treatment of back disorders for
      centuries. However, until recently, randomized clinical trials have not been used
      to study the effectiveness of the various forms of manipulation. A review of
      recently published clinical trials indicates that manipulation is probably
      superior to certain control or sham treatments. This review also indicates that
      further randomized clinical trials are desirable and suggests the features that
      will be necessary in future trials of manipulation.

PMID- 6448921
TI  - Histopathology of acute cell loss in Huntington's chorea brain.
AB  - Histopathological study of 130 cases of Huntington's chorea revealed in 102 cases
      microscopic foci of acute cell loss associated with an inflammatory reaction in
      otherwise normal areas of the affected regions of the brain. Hemi-striata of 12
      consecutive cases all showed these areas of acute death when examined by serial
      section. The neuroanatomic topography and microscopic size of the findings were
      not found in 53 control cases and appear specific for this disease. It is
      suggested that these lesions represent the sites of active atrophy within the
      brain.

PMID- 6448922
TI  - Echocardiography in cystic fibrosis: A proposed scoring system.
AB  - An echocardiographic scoring system was developed on the basis of an observed
      sequence of echo abnormalities, beginning with RV hypertrophy, through RV
      dilation, to abnormal RV systolic time intervals, noted to be associated with the
      progressive pulmonary disease of cystic fibrosis. This score correlated
      significantly with both the Shwachman-Kulczycki (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) and Taussig
      NIH (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) clinical scoring systems, the Brasfield chest
      roentgenogram score (r = 0.86, P < 0.001), and pulmonary function test results.
      The scoring of echos appears to be useful for the early detection and systematic
      quantitation of the cardiac effects of the progressive pulmonary disease.
      Preliminary sequential echo studies suggest that this system provides a method
      for assessing the progression of cardiac disease and evaluating prognosis in
      individual patients, and may prove to be useful in monitoring therapeutic
      interventions for cor pulmonale.

PMID- 6448923
TI  - Urinary testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide as an indicator of androgen output in
      mice.
AB  - The androgenic status of female mice was assessed by measuring the concentration
      of testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide in serial samples of unextracted urine. The
      subcutaneous administration of testosterone (50 micrograms in lauric acid ethyl
      ester) resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.01) of the mean +/- s.d.
      concentration of urinary testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide (25.9 +/- 6.5 to 71.7
      +/- 12.9 ng/ml) within 2 h. The 2-h values after the administration of 50
      micrograms androstenedione or 50 micrograms dehydroepiandrosterone were 22.8 +/-
      4.4 to 81.8 +/- 7.8 ng/ml (P < 0.001) and 23.4 +/- 2.7 to 121.8 +/- 20.3 ng/ml (P
      < 0.001) respectively. The values decreased progressively over the next 24 h.
      After the induction of superovulation with PMSG and hCG, the values for
      testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide increased significantly (P < 0.01) during the
      periovulatory period (5--24 h after hCG injection). The mean +/- s.d. value in
      pregnancy was higher (61.8 +/- 11.6 ng/ml; P < 0.001) than that in non-pregnant
      animals (30.7 +/- 12.3 ng/ml) and remained relatively constant between Days 1 and
      16.

PMID- 6448924
TI  - Oestrogen production by blastocyst and early embryonic tissue of various species.
AB  - Oestrogen synthesis by the early embryo in vitro was studied with tissue from
      pigs, sheep, cows, roe deer, ferrets, cats, rabbits and a plains viscacha.
      Definitive evidence for aromatase activity and oestrogen synthesis in
      preimplantation trophoblast was obtained for the pig with the formation of
      oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestradiol-17 alpha from 3H-labelled
      androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. Aromatase activity was appreciably
      lower in all other species studied, and labelled oestrogens were recovered only
      from incubations of allantochorionic tissue of roe deer, recovered shortly after
      implantation, and from pooled samples of early embryonic tissue of cows. High
      aromatase activity in preimplantation trophoblast of pigs was associated with the
      maternal recognition of pregnancy and the occurrence of superficial implantation
      in this species.

PMID- 6448925
TI  - Immunoregulatory activity of double-stranded RNA (BRL 5907): effect of murine
      adherent peritoneal exudate cells on lymphocyte response.

PMID- 6448926
TI  - Intercistronic regions in phi X174 DNA. I. Construction of mutants with altered
      intercistronic regions between genes J and F.

PMID- 6448927
TI  - Mutations affecting localization of an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein,
      the bacteriophage lambda receptor.

PMID- 6448928
TI  - Disulfiram-alcohol skin reaction to beer-containing shampoo.

PMID- 6448929
TI  - Chronic expanding hematomas. A clinicopathologic entity.
AB  - Chronic exapnding hematomas occur in many locations, often simulating neoplasms.
      All have the same structure with a central mass of blood, a wall of granulation
      tissue, and dense, fibrous tissue at the periphery. The self-perpetuating
      exapnding nature of the lesion appears to be due to the irritant effects of blood
      and its breakdown products, causing repeated exudation or bleeding from
      capillaries in the granulation tissue.

PMID- 6448930
TI  - Intracoronary thrombolysis to abort heart attacks: wave of the future?

PMID- 6448931
TI  - Treatment of acne.

PMID- 6448932
TI  - A case of congestive cardiomyopathy with histological findings suggesting
      rheumatic myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy.

PMID- 6448933
TI  - [The metabolism of corticosteroids and mucopolysaccharides in glaucoma (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6448934
TI  - [Pathological and histotopochemical investigations in retinopathy of premature
      babies (author's transl)].

PMID- 6448935
TI  - Bacteriological examination of specified-pathogen-free animals: a procedure for
      small rodents.
AB  - Organs of 10 mice or 5 rats were pooled and homogenized. A portion of the
      homogenate was cultured on several selective and enrichment media. The method was
      tested by adding various pathogenic organisms to organ homogenates. 10(3)-10(4)
      microorganisms in homogenates of 10 organs were readily detected. This procedure
      allows even a small microbiological laboratory to detect a low frequency of
      infected animals in a colony.

PMID- 6448936
TI  - Regional myocardial blood flow in volume overload ventricular hypertrophy: a
      comparison of prolonged ventricular fibrillation with coronary artery perfusion
      versus deep topical hypothermia.

PMID- 6448937
TI  - Splenectomy, suppressor cell activity, and survival in tumor bearing rats.

PMID- 6448938
TI  - Co-ordinate control of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase by fructose
      diphosphate: a mechanism for amplification and step changes in the regulation of
      glycolysis in liver.

PMID- 6448939
TI  - Drug eruptions.

PMID- 6448940
TI  - [Contribution of an anti-inflammatory agent in pedodontics].

PMID- 6448941
TI  - [Aerotherapy in improving children's health].

PMID- 6448942
TI  - [Treatment of children suffering from chronic osteomyelitis at Chartak
      sanatorium].

PMID- 6448943
TI  - [Frunze Order of the Red Banner of Labor Medical School].

PMID- 6448944
TI  - [Sea bathing].

PMID- 6448945
TI  - [Work of the shop unit nurse].

PMID- 6448946
TI  - The enlarged heart--IV. Right ventricular dilatation.

PMID- 6448947
TI  - The aching back. Finding the cause.

PMID- 6448948
TI  - [Treatment of lumbar pain. Prosana belt--a new therapeutic device].

PMID- 6448949
TI  - [Echocardiogtaphic characteristics in essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6448950
TI  - In vitro culture--a method of pancreatic islet preservation for transplantation.
AB  - Pancreatic islets from adult rats, accumulated daily for a period of 2 wk, were
      cultured in artificial capillary culture units that were perfused with nutrient
      medium. Viability and functional capacity of these islets in this in vitro
      culture system has been shown to be maintained. The therapeutic efficiency of
      cultured islets was comparable to freshly isolated islets when assessed by
      transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intraportal
      implantation of either freshly isolated or cultured islets into isogeneic
      diabetic rats resulted in normal weight gain as well as complete reversal of
      hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and polyuria in the diabetic rat recipient. The
      normoglycemic state was sustained for more than 12 mo. Plasma glucose clearance
      rate (KG) were significantly lower in both the transplanted fresh or cultured
      islet groups than in the normal controls; however, the cultured islets were not
      less effective than the fresh islets. The results of the present study indicate
      the feasibility of accumulation of large numbers of islets in the in vitro
      culture system without any loss of therapeutic efficiency when implanted in vivo.
      Further improvement of this in vitro culture system can thus be applied in islet
      preservation for islet transplantation.

PMID- 6448951
TI  - Functional capillary density in skeletal muscle during vasodilation induced by
      isoprenaline and muscular exercise.

PMID- 6448952
TI  - Immunofluorescent imaging of capillaries and pericytes in human skeletal muscle
      and retina.

PMID- 6448953
TI  - [Effect of lymphoid chalone on the secondary immune response in immunization with
      bacterial antigens].

PMID- 6448954
TI  - Management of common skin tumours.

PMID- 6448955
TI  - [On cytotherapy and cytotherapeutists (author's transl)].
AB  - Arguments used by advocates and opponents of Cytotherapy, supported by numerous
      quotations are set against each other. Any agreement is made rather difficult by
      attitudes of Cytotherapeutists which are characterized by pseudoscientific
      reasoning. Coarse examples of this particular way of arguing are given.
      Furthermore, indication inventories appear vastly exaggerated, documentation is
      incomplete, judgment of alleged successes and incidents are highly disputable,
      and angry reactions against learned critics were published. Since alleged
      successes could not be proved on examination, and because of lack of any
      scientific proof of efficiency, the warning of the Scientific Advisory Board of
      the German Federal Arztekammer issued in 1976 must be considered as well-founded.
      The same goes for the 1972 Federal Social Court's ruling which excludes any
      reward by social health insurance bodies of expenses incurred by Cytotherapy.

PMID- 6448956
TI  - [Conservative treatment of traumatic splenic rupture in childhood (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In childhood there exists a considerable risk of overwhelming sepsis after
      splenectomy with a high mortality rate. To prevent this complication conservative
      treatment of traumatic splenic rupture should be attempted. Peritoneoscopy is an
      important diagnostic aid and facilitates the indication for conservative
      treatment. If laparotomy is necessary, splenorraphy is often possible. The
      authors' experiences are reported.

PMID- 6448957
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in rats treated with
      phenacetin, phenazone and caffeine.
AB  - To study chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges
      (SCE) a long-term chronic toxicity study was performed in rats treated with
      phenacetin, phenazone and caffeine, alone and in different combinations. Compared
      with controls, aberrations such as gaps, breaks and structural dearrangements
      were only increased in the group treated by phenacetin alone. After mitomycin C
      treatment of the blood culture, the aberrations were markedly, but not
      significantly, increased. All experimental groups showed a higher SCE frequency,
      most deviating in the rats treated with phenacetin alone. This correlates with
      the fact that phenacetin is a strong general carcinogen.

PMID- 6448958
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of DNA synthesis on spontaneous and ultraviolet light
      induced sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Effects of inhibitors of DNA synthesis on spontaneous and ultraviolet light (UV)
      induced sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) were examined in a Chinese hamster cell
      line, V79 B-1. The inhibitors used were hydroxyurea (HU), 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), aphidicolin (APC), 2',3'-dideoxythymidine
      triphosphate (ddTTP), neocarzinostatin (NCS), novobiocin (NB) and cycloheximide
      (CHX). HU, ara-C, and APC increased spontaneous SCE frequency, and had a
      synergistic effect on UV-induced SCE frequency. DdTTP, NCS and NB failed to show
      any statistically significant effect on either spontaneous or UV-induced SCE
      frequencies, though NCS and NB did slightly increase both spontaneous and UV
      induced SCE frequencies. On the contrary, CHX decreased spontaneous SCE
      frequency, and more drastically, also UV-induced SCE frequency. These results are
      interpreted with respect to the replicating fork of DNA, a structure postulated
      to be involved in the formation of spontaneous and UV-induced SCE. A new model
      for SCE formation is proposed.

PMID- 6448959
TI  - Drug therapy: spasticity (first of two parts).

PMID- 6448960
TI  - Iron deprivation as a biological defence mechanism.

PMID- 6448961
TI  - Motile flagellar axonemes with a 9 + 1 microtubule configuration.
AB  - Electron microscope (EM) studies of the eukaryotic flagellum reveal that the
      organelle contains a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, the axoneme, with nine
      doublets surrounding two singlets enveloped by a membrane which is continuous
      with that of the cell; various linkages and projections are associated with the
      microtubules. Strong experimental evidence supports the idea that the forces
      required for bend formation on eukaryotic flagella are derived from active
      relative sliding of the peripheral doublets. Dynein arms, which project from each
      peripheral microtubule and possess ATPase activity, interact with a neighbouring
      doublet and undergo conformational changes which induce sliding. To form and
      propagate coordinated bends along a flagellum the sliding must be resisted in a
      controlled manner by structures within the axoneme. The regulatory mechanism
      responsible for the control of inter-doublet sliding is not known in detail, but
      ultrastructural studies suggest that interactions between the radial spokes
      attached to each doublet and the central complex of the axoneme may be involved.
      We report here the treatment of flagella with a 9 + 2 microtubular structure from
      the trypanosomid flagellate Crithidia oncopelti to produce motile axonemes with
      only one central microtubule. We conclude that the complete central complex is
      not involved in the conversion of microtubule sliding into axonemal bending, but
      may be both associated with the control of wave propagation and essential for
      bend initiation.

PMID- 6448962
TI  - Precursor and effector phenotypes of activated human T lymphocytes.
AB  - In mice, thymus-derived lymphocytes are differentiated into functional subclasses
      by their cell surface antigens. The Ly 1 determinants are present on T cells with
      a helper function, whereas Ly 2 and Ly 3 antigens are expressed on the surface of
      lymphocytes with suppressor or cytotoxic functions. In man also, T-cell subsets
      have been identified using allo- and heteroimmune sera and, more recently, using
      monoclonal antibodies, which seem to identify helper and suppressor or cytotoxic
      subpopulations. The major histocompatibility system (MHS)-encoded Ia antigens
      belong to several polymorphic families of membrane associated glycoproteins
      originally found on B lymphocytes; however, they have also been shown to be
      markers for suppressor T cells in mice. Recent studies have shown that in both
      mouse and man, T cells activated by a mixed lymphocyte reaction or by mitogens
      become Ia+. Furthermore, some human T lymphoid cells, either freshly isolated
      from peripheral blood or after in vitro activation by lectins or alloantigens,
      possess suppressor properties. We report here the phenotype of a T suppressor
      cell subpopulation which was induced in long-term culture of lymphoid cells after
      activation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Our results suggest that a subset of T
      cells was progressively expanded over a period of 8 days in culture and that,
      with the expression on the surface of these cells of 'Ia-like' antigens, they
      acquired the capacity to suppress the proliferative response of syngeneic or
      allogeneic lymphocytes to alloantigens or mitogens.

PMID- 6448963
TI  - [Backache].

PMID- 6448964
TI  - A renal lesion in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - 2 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (A Sp) were found to have renal lesions
      similar to those seen in IgA nephropathy. In 1 patient the changes were extremely
      severe and progressive and in the other they were mild. Vascular changes were
      also noted in 1 patient. The findings suggest an immune complex mediated
      glomerulonephritis and support an earlier report that there may be a specific
      renal lesion in patients with A Sp. The significance of IgA deposition in the
      mesangium, and of an increase in the serum levels of IgA in some patients with A
      Sp is unclear.

PMID- 6448965
TI  - Cerebellar malformation obtained in rats by early postnatal treatment with 6
      aminonicotinamide. Role of neuron-glia interactions in cerebellar development.

PMID- 6448966
TI  - Purification and properties of actins from bovine splenic nerve and brain.

PMID- 6448967
TI  - Out-of-home placement of children.

PMID- 6448968
TI  - Vitiligo as an occupational disease.

PMID- 6448969
TI  - Cost-effective management of occupational skin disease.

PMID- 6448970
TI  - Characterization of suppressor cells in mice with a transplantable malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - C57BL/6 mice with progressive B-16 melanoma develop a generalized
      immunosuppression, as measured by their lack of response to SRBC in vivo and in
      vitro. The severity of immunosuppression increases with the progress of the
      tumor, and is due to the generation of an antigen-nonspecific suppressor cell.
      Suppressor cells were first demonstrable 15 days after the appearance of the
      tumor, and their appearance correlated with the induction of immunosuppression in
      vivo. The suppressor cell generated by the growth of B-16 melanoma was a T
      lymphocyte since it was nonadherent to plastic and nylon wool, unaffected by
      passage through Sephadex G-10, and sensitive to treatment with rabbit antimouse
      brain serum and complement.

PMID- 6448971
TI  - ["In vitro" protaminase activity of human plasma and serum and the human
      carboxypeptidase N (author's transl)].
AB  - 1 - Protamine was incubated "in vitro", with human plasma and serum, and the
      initial degradation products (1-4 hours at 30 degrees C) were characterized by
      paper chromatographic and paper electrophoretic methods. The analysis revealed
      the presence of the arginine and also, in low quantities, that of a supplementary
      compound, an arginine peptide. Comparative experiences with the same substrate
      revealed that carboxypeptidase B liberated exclusively the C-terminal arginine,
      plasmin exclusively peptides of arginine, and trypsin, besides arginine peptides,
      minutes quantities of free arginine. 2 - The method used for quantitative
      determination of arginine liberated by the action of plasma and serum is based on
      coprecipitation of residual and partly degradated protamine with the plasma
      proteins by addition of methanol-acetone. The arginine recovered from supernatant
      is determined with the Sakagushi reagent. 3 - We could thus demonstrate that the
      protaminase activity of human plasma and serum in greatly enhanced by cobalt and
      is inhibited by cadmium and EDTA. Trypsin inhibitor of Kunitz and PMSF have
      little effect. These characters are those of the human carboxypeptidase N of
      Erdos and al. 4 - The comparison of protamines from different laboratories did
      not reveal essential differences between protamine sulfate and protamine chloride
      as some authors have claimed. 5 - The results of this investigation suggest that
      the "in vitro" enzymatic action of human plasma and serum on protamine is mostly
      due, at least during the first hours of incubation, to the carboxypeptidase N,
      described by Erdos and al. A low enzymatic additional action on protamine was
      observed. This action of proteasic character was not inhibited by the trypsin
      inhibitor of Kunitz.

PMID- 6448972
TI  - Standardization of flow microfluorometers using glutaraldehyde fixed lymphocytes.
AB  - The preparation of glutaraldehyde fixed lymphocytes as a reference standard in
      flow microfluorometry is described. The ease of preparation, the stability of the
      cells over time, their ability to stain reproducibly in the range expected of
      fresh human peripheral blood and bone marrow cells and, most importantly, the
      fact that they may be used to resolve optimally and situate correctly the G1 peak
      of normal mammalian cells, make them a reliable tool for the calibration of flow
      microfluorometers and for detection of aneuploid populations.

PMID- 6448973
TI  - Normal pulmonary vascular resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in young
      infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an echocardiographic and pathologic
      study.
AB  - To evaluate the cardiac anatomy and functional hemodynamics in young infants with
      chronic lung disease, nine patients, aged 2 to 7 months, with a clinical
      diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) underwent echocardiographic
      examination. All infants required supplemental O2 (mean FIO2 35%) to maintain
      adequate systemic oxygenation (Pao2 greater than 50 mm Hg). None of the infants
      had evidence of a patent ductus arteriosus at the time of examination.
      Echocardiographic measurements of left and right ventricular systolic time
      intervals revealed normal systolic time interval ratios suggesting pulmonary
      vascular resistances. However, echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular
      hypertrophy was found in eight of the nine infants, while right ventricular
      anterior wall thickness and right ventricular diastolic dimensions were not
      increased. Two infants died; marked left ventricular hypertrophy was noted at the
      time of postmortem examination while the right ventricular wall thickness was
      normal. The findings of left ventricular hypertrophy led to a retrospective
      review of autopsy material of seven patients who died with BPD over the past
      year. In six of seven cases examined, left ventricular posterior wall thickening
      was noted (range 7 to 11 mm); while the right ventricular wall thickness was
      normal (range 2 to 5 mm). These data suggest that (1) as assessed by
      echocardiography, the pulmonary vascular resistance is not significantly elevated
      in young infants with BPD, and (2) a hypertrophic left ventricle evolves which
      may assume importance in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema in BPD, though the
      precise etiology remains undetermined.

PMID- 6448974
TI  - Malignant external otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in childhood.

PMID- 6448975
TI  - Infant enrichment programs.

PMID- 6448976
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary changes in whooping cough].

PMID- 6448977
TI  - [Present status of the problem of bacterial and viral infections in children].

PMID- 6448978
TI  - [Organization of a specialized pediatric service in Simferopol].

PMID- 6448979
TI  - [Work experience of a district pediatric polyclinic].

PMID- 6448980
TI  - Fluid and crystallized intelligence: effects of diffuse brain damage on the WAIS.
AB  - In the 1940's two forms of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, were postulated.
      Active mental processing (WAIS performance subtests) were fluid while well
      learned abilities (WAIS verbal subtests) were crystallized. Brain damage was
      considered to affect fluid abilities more than crystallized. WAIS scores
      comparing normal and diffusely organically damaged subjects indicated that, as
      hypothesized, the verbal subtests were more affected than the performance
      subtests.

PMID- 6448981
TI  - Pros and cons of periodontal pocket elimination procedures.

PMID- 6448982
TI  - Ascorbic acid and periodontal disease: a review of the literature.

PMID- 6448983
TI  - The hepatic arterial blood flow response to portal vein occlusion in the dog: the
      effect of hepatic denervation.
AB  - The acute effect of portal vein occlusion on hepatic arterial blood flow was
      studied in a group of nine anaesthetised dogs. The influence of hepatic artery
      denervation and total liver denervation on the hepatic arterial flow response was
      determined subsequently. Blood flows in the hepatic artery and portal vein were
      measured with electromagnetic flowmeters, and hepatic tissue perfusion with
      85Krypton clearance. A side-to-side mesocaval shunt was constructed to provide a
      drainage channel for the mesenteric venous blood during the periods of portal
      vein occlusion. Occlusion of the portal vein produced an immediate and
      significant increase in hepatic arterial flow which was sustained at
      approximately 80% above control for the 6 min period of observation. Total liver
      blood flow and hepatic tissue perfusion were both significantly reduced by about
      40%. Denervation either of the hepatic artery alone or the entire liver produced
      no change in the response, and it is concluded that there is no neurogenic
      component either initiating or modifying the early changes in hepatic arterial
      flow.

PMID- 6448984
TI  - Stem compensation of loop sensors for electromagnetic blood flow and vascular
      diameter measurement.
AB  - Accuracy of electromagnetic blood flow--and vascular diameter--measurements by
      means of intravascular loop probes in an extracorporeal alternating magnetic
      field can be impaired by an error signal induced in the probe stem. The standard
      method of removing this artifact by twisting the lead wires is difficult to
      implement in this case because the wires are bifilar and are made of highly
      resilient metals. The solution described here makes use of a hair pin loop
      incorporated within the probe stem in which an e.m.f. is induced that can be used
      to cancel the unwanted e.m.f. induced in the lead wires of the loop of the
      sensor. This scheme is applicable to simple loop probes as well as to orthogonal
      double-loop sensors.

PMID- 6448985
TI  - ATPase activity in rapidly activated skinned muscle fibres.
AB  - The ATPase activity of single mechanically skinned fibres from semitendinosus
      muscle of Rana esculenta was measured. The method was based on the
      fluorimetrically detected consumption of NADH inside the fibre. NADH breakdown is
      caused by the reaction of an ATP regenerating system coupled to an NADH oxidising
      system. The time resolution was about 5 s. The initial rise in ATPase activity
      was delayed when a fibre was activated by Ca, and ATPase activity reached its
      plateau at the same time as fibre tension. An activated fibre that was isolated
      from the incubation solution by immersing it into oil showed a temporary decrease
      in tension without corresponding decrease in the ATPase activity.

PMID- 6448986
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the operators of lambda ultravirulent mutants.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the operators of ultravirulent mutants of lambda, able
      to grow on host cells with elevated repressor levels, was determined. It appears
      that ultravirulence in lambda requires multiple mutational events at the operator
      sequences. OL1, OL2, and OL3 operator sites are the target of mutational changes
      in ultravirulent phages indicating that these sites participate in vivo in
      repression of the PL promoter. No changes were found in the OR3 sequence, in
      contrast there is a mutation in OR2 and two mutations in OR1, in both lambda 668
      and lambda 2668 phages. This mutated operator structure accounts for the
      constitutive expression of their PR promoter either in cells overproducing the
      lambda repressor or in cells overproducing the cro gene product. A model of the
      structure of the lambda operator site is proposed. The nucleotide sequence in
      each site can be divided into two functionally different subsets, one of which is
      recognized by the repressor while the other stabilizes the repressor-operator
      interaction.

PMID- 6448987
TI  - Electrophoretic separation of a class of nucleosomes enriched in HMG 14 and 17
      and actively transcribed globin genes.
AB  - Monomer nucleosomes from chick erythrocytes can be fractionated according to
      their electrophoretic mobility in (comparatively) high salt acrylamide gels. We
      show that the fractionation is based predominantly on differences in charge. The
      monomer heterogeneity persists even when the nucleosomes are trimmed down to 145
      bp with Exo III or when H1 and H5 are removed. The slowest migrating monomers are
      associated with HMG 14 and 17; however, we do not believe that these proteins are
      entirely responsible for the altered mobility since the nucleosome heterogeneity
      persists even after removal of HMG 14 and 17. The DNA associated with the HMG 14
      and 17 containing nucleosomes is shown to be enriched in actively transcribed
      globin sequences.

PMID- 6448988
TI  - Termination of vitro DNA synthesis at AAF adducts in the DNA.
AB  - DNA synthesis catalyzed by E. coli polymerases I or III is inhibited on templates
      containing N-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene-reacted adducts. Termination of
      synthesis occurs just before the site of the adduct. Synthesis on 0X174 templates
      primed with restriction fragments and treated with AAAF can be visualized on DNA
      sequencing gels. Comparison of the amounts of the different newly synthesized
      fragments with those calculated from the probability of termination as determined
      from the average number of adducts per molecule shows that synthesis terminates,
      rather than stutters, at each adduct. This method may be useful for detecting the
      bypass of lesions.

PMID- 6448989
TI  - Yeast mitochondrial methionine initiator tRNA: characterization and nucleotide
      sequence.
AB  - Two methionine tRNAs from yeast mitochondria have been purified. The
      mitochondrial initiator tRNA has been identified by formylation using a
      mitochondrial enzyme extract. E. coli transformylase however, does not formylate
      the yeast mitochondrial initiator tRNA. The sequence was determined using both
      32P-in vivo labeled and 32P-end labeled mt tRNAf(Met). This tRNA, unlike N.
      crassa mitochondrial tRNAf(Met), has two structural features typical of
      procaryotic initiator tRNAs: (i) it lacks a Watson-Crick base-pair at the end of
      the acceptor stem and (ii) has a T-psi-C-A sequence in loop IV. However, both
      yeast and N. crassa mitochondrial initiator tRNAs have a U11:A24 base-pair in the
      D-stem unlike procaryotic initiator tRNAs which have A11:U24. Interestingly, both
      mitochondrial initiator tRNAs, as well as bean chloroplast tRNAf(Met), have only
      two G:C pairs next to the anticodon loop, unlike any other initiator tRNA
      whatever its origin. In terms of overall sequence homology, yeast mitochondrial
      tRNA(Met)f differs from both procaryotic or eucaryotic initiator tRNAs, showing
      the highest homology with N. crassa mitochondrial initiator tRNA.

PMID- 6448990
TI  - Partial inhibition of histone deacetylase in active chromatin by HMG 14 and HMG
      17.
AB  - Digestion of isolated Friend erythroleukemic cell nuclei with DNase I under
      conditions which selectively destroy the DNA of transcriptionally "active" genes
      releases into the supernatant fraction proteins of the non-histone "High Mobility
      Group" (HMGs). Two of these, HMG-14 and HMG-17(identified by solubility in
      trichloroacetic acid, electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and by
      amino acid composition) will partially inhibit the endogenous mouse cell histone
      deacetylase enzymes when added to in vitro assay mixtures. Other closely related
      proteins do not share this inhibitory ability and thus the reaction with the
      enzymes appears to be specific. Since these two HMG proteins appear to be
      preferentially associated with the "active" fraction of chromatin, these findings
      have important implications for possible models of eukaryotic gene regulatory
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6448991
TI  - [Value of simultaneous laparoscopy and needle biopsy for detection of neoplastic
      metastases in the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 6448992
TI  - A demographic survey of pedodontic practice in the United States.

PMID- 6448993
TI  - Reliability and validity of a measure of confidence in child management.

PMID- 6448994
TI  - Morphology of the Golgi apparatus in streptozotocin-diabetic rat liver.
AB  - The altered morphology of the Golgi apparatus in streptozotocin-diabetic rat
      liver is described in situ and in preparations of the Golgi-membrane-enriched
      fraction. The main differences, as compared with controls, are a diminished Golgi
      apparatus area, the rounding of stacks of cisternae and the absence of secretory
      vacuoles with VLDL granules. These findings are discussed in view of biochemical
      alterations found previously in the Golgi-membrane-enriched fraction isolated
      from streptozotocin-diabetic rat liver.

PMID- 6448995
TI  - Postmortal histomorphologic and histoenzymatic alterations in rat brain.

PMID- 6448996
TI  - Immune complex-mediated rheumatic diseases: the evidence and the enigmas.
AB  - Clearly, many of the connective tissue disorders are intimately associated with
      either focal tissue evidence of immune complex deposition or markedly elevated
      levels of complexes during acute disease activity. In many diseases, such as
      systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, the immune complexes have
      been firmly established as basic elements in pathogenesis. In other disorders,
      however, the presence or measurable elevation of circulating immune complex
      materials may represent an epiphenomenon that reflects tissue injury secondary to
      the underlying inflammatory process. Much more precise definition of these
      problems awaits further longitudinal study.

PMID- 6448997
TI  - A comparative trial of Atrovent and Ventolin in chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6448998
TI  - The treatment of acne vulgaris in general practice. A double-blind assessment of
      co-trimoxazole and tetracycline.

PMID- 6448999
TI  - Fixed genital drug eruption.

PMID- 6449000
TI  - [Effectiveness of controlled chemoprophylaxis of children with increased risk of
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6449001
TI  - [Work of boarding school sanatoria for children and adolescents with minor,
      abating forms of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection].

PMID- 6449002
TI  - Sensitive assay for plasminogen activator of transformed cells.
AB  - A sensitive in situ assay for the plasminogen activator of transformed cells is
      described; it uses the fluorogenic molecule 3',6'-bis(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-5
      (N'-4-carboxylphenyl)thioureidospiro[isobenz ofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one.
      This fluorescein derivative is an excellent active-site titrant of the esterase
      activity of plasmin. When transformed cells are incubated with purified
      plasminogen and the resulting plasmin is titrated with the fluorogenic substrate,
      the amount of plasmin formed is linearly proportional to time and cell number.
      The assay is sensitive enough to detect quantitatively the plasminogen activator
      activity of as few as 250 transformed cells. This substrate should be useful in
      studying quantitatively the correlation between increased levels of plasminogen
      activator activity and cellular transformation and as a general active site
      titrant of serine proteases.

PMID- 6449003
TI  - Structure of a cloned circular Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA molecule
      containing an inverted segment: implications for retrovirus integration.
AB  - Closed circular Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) DNA was prepared from
      recently infected cells and cloned in a lambda vector. Four classes of cloned M
      MuLV inserts were found: Class I, full length 8.8-kilobase (kb) inserts with two
      tandem long terminal repeats (LTRs) of 600 base pairs; class 2, 8.2-kb inserts
      with a single copy of a LTR; class 3, M-MuLV DNA inserts with various portions
      deleted; and class 4, an 8.8-kb insert with an internal sequence inversion.
      Determination of nucleotide sequence at the junction between the two LTRs from a
      class 1 insert suggested that circularization occurred by blunt-end ligation of
      an 8.8-kb linear DNA. The class 4 molecule had an inversion that was flanked by
      inverted LTRs, each of which had lost two terminal base pairs at the inversion
      end points. Also, four base pairs that were present only once in standard M-MuLV
      DNA were duplicated at either end of the inversion. This molecule was interpreted
      as resulting from an integrative inversion in which M-MuLV DNA has integrated
      into itself. Its analysis thus provided explicit information concerning the
      mechanism by which retrovirus DNA integrates into host cell DNA. Models of
      retrovirus integration based on bacterial DNA transposition mechanisms are
      proposed.

PMID- 6449004
TI  - Initiation of genetic recombination: homologous pairing between duplex DNA
      molecules promoted by recA protein.
AB  - recA protein has been shown to promote hydrogen bonding between single-stranded
      DNA fragments and duplex DNA molecules homologous to them. However, genetic and
      biochemical evidence indicates that genetic exchanges generally take place
      between duplex molecules. We therefore chose to study the interactions promoted
      by recA protein between intact duplex DNA molecules and molecules containing gaps
      that are believed to increase the frequency of genetic exchanges. In the present
      paper, we show that incubation of intact and gap-containing plasmid DNA in the
      presence of recA protein leads to homologous pairing between duplex molecules
      which can be detected by centrifugation analysis and electron microscopy. The
      reaction is completely dependent on an active recA gene product, on genetic
      homology between the DNA species involved, and on the presence of ATP; under
      certain conditions, its efficiency can be increased considerably by the presence
      of the single-stranded DNA binding protein of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6449005
TI  - Switching on the macrophage-mediated suppressor mechanism by tumor cells to evade
      host immune surveillance.
AB  - The present study demonstrates a unique mechanism for tumor cell-induced
      immunosuppression. In the presence of a nonsuppressive dose of tumor cells,
      generation of cytotoxic T cells in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is
      completely suppressed by adding exogenous (peritoneal) macrophages (PM phi) after
      the initiation of the MLC. This indicates that tumor cells can switch on a
      suppressor mechanism through host macrophages. It has further been determined
      that suppression can be induced only if resident (splenic) macrophages (SM phi)
      are exposed to tumor cells prior to addition of PM phi. If SM phi and PM phi are
      simultaneously present with the tumor cells, induction of suppression is
      completely precluded. These findings indicate that switching on of the suppressor
      mechanism by tumor cells has a critical requirement for the collaboration of two
      populations of macrophages, SM phi and PM phi, and their presence in a specific
      sequence (SM phi preceding PM phi). This may represent one of the mechanisms by
      which tumor cells evade host immune surveillance.

PMID- 6449006
TI  - Biochemical studies of olfaction: isolation, characterization, and odorant
      binding activity of cilia from rainbow trout olfactory rosettes.
AB  - The role of cilia in recognition of olfactory stimuli has been controversial.
      Cilia from the intact olfactory rosettes of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri
      were isolated, characterized biochemically, and examined by electron microscopy.
      The markers studied are those associated with cilia in other organisms. Dynein
      arms contain Mg2+-AtPase; this enzyme was enriched in the isolated cilia
      preparation. Guanine nucleotides are associated with the outer microtubule
      doublets of cilia but adenine nucleotides are not; a substantial enrichment in
      guanine, relative to adenine, was found in the cilia preparation. Tubulin, the
      structural protein component of microtubules, occurs in large amounts in cilia.
      Disc gel electrophoresis indicated tubulin in the cilia preparation. Electron
      microscopy confirmed the presence of cilia in the isolated preparation. Rainbow
      trout have an acute sense of smell and many amino acids are odorants to this
      species. Functional activity of the cilia preparation relevant to odorant
      recognition was assessed by using binding of radioactively labeled odorant amino
      acids. L-Alanine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-lysine, and D-alanine bound to the
      cilia preparation. This study provides direct biochemical evidence that olfactory
      cilia bind odorant molecules and supports the hypothesis that odorant recognition
      sites are integral parts of the cilia.

PMID- 6449007
TI  - Quercetin inhibits Ca2+ uptake but not Ca2+ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum in
      skinned muscle fibers.
AB  - Quercetin inhibited Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake,
      chelator-induced [ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'
      tetraacetic acid] Ca2+ release, and ATP synthesis coupled to Ca2+ release in
      isolated vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Use of this inhibitor permitted
      evaluation of whether Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ occurs
      through a reversal of the uptake pathway. Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum of skinned muscle fibers can be detected by the measurement of tension
      in the fiber. If the sarcoplasmic reticulum of these preparations is first
      allowed to accumulate Ca2+, tension development may be induced by the addition of
      Ca2+ itself or of caffeine to the bathing medium or by depolarization with Cl-.
      The presence of quercetin during the loading phase inhibited Ca2+ uptake by
      sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ. When quercetin was added together with initiators
      of tension development, however, the rate of tension development was enhanced 4-
      to 7-fold and the relaxation rate of the fibers was greatly inhibited. These
      results suggest that quercetin had no effect on Ca2+ release in skinned fiber;
      its effect on Ca2+ reuptake could account for the apparent enhancement of the
      release rate and for the prolonged relaxation time. These observations rule out
      reversal of the Ca2+ pump as the mechanism of Ca2+ release in situ.

PMID- 6449008
TI  - Isolation of a heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan from basement membrane.
AB  - We have isolated a unique, basement membrane proteoglycan from the Engelbreth
      Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma. This proteoglycan, estimated to be 0.75 X 10(6)
      daltons, was found to contain about equal amounts of protein and covalently
      linked heparan sulfate. Antibody prepared against this proteoglycan reacts with
      the basement membrane matrix in the tumor and with the basement membranes in
      skin, kidney, and cornea. These studies indicate that the heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan is a normal constituent of basement membranes that presumably plays
      an important role in the organization of basement membrane components and that
      also may determine the permeability of basement membranes to acidic molecules.

PMID- 6449009
TI  - Eukaryotic DNA segments capable of autonomous replication in yeast.
AB  - A selective scheme is presented for isolating sequences capable of replicating
      autonomously in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YIp5, a vector that contains
      the yeast gene ura3, does not transform a ura3 deletion mutant to Ura+. Hybrid
      YIp5-Escherichia coli DNA molecules also fail to produce transformants. However,
      collections of molecular hybrids between YIp5 and DNA from any of six eukaryotes
      tested (S. cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Dictyostelium discoideum Ceanhorabditis
      elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Zea mays) do transform the deletion mutant.
      The Ura+ transformants grow slowly, are unstable under nonselective conditions,
      and carry the transforming DNA as autonomously replicating, supercoiled circular
      molecules. Such a phenotype is qualitatively identical to that of strains
      transformed by molecules containing a yeast chromosomal origin of replication.
      Thus, these DNA hybrid molecules may contain eukaryotic origins of replication.
      The isolated sequences may be useful in determiing the signals controlling DNA
      replication in yeast and in studying both DNA replication and transformation in
      other eukaryotic organisms.

PMID- 6449010
TI  - Overlapping genes at the cheA locus of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The cheA locus of Escherichia coli, which is required for chemotactic behavior,
      encodes two polypeptide products designated p[cheA]L and p[cheA]S. The mode of
      synthesis of these two proteins was investigated by transferring various missense
      and nonsense mutations to a lambda transducing phage and observing the mutant
      cheA products made after infection of ultraviolet-irradiated host cells. Missense
      mutations had no effect on either the size or the relative amounts of the two
      cheA polypeptides. Most nonsense mutations caused premature translational
      termination of both cheA products, indicating that p[cheA]L and p[cheA]S must be
      translated from the same coding sequence in the same reading frame. Two
      exceptional nonsense alleles at the promoter-proximal end of cheA made an intact
      p[cheA]s but no detectable p[cheA]L. These findings show that the cheA locus may
      contain two different sites for initiation of translation. The synthesis of both
      proteins can be effected by the same promoter, but it is not yet clear whether
      both are translated from identical mRNA molecules. Complementation studies of
      cheA mutants provided evidence for two functional activities, one associated with
      the amino terminus of p[cheA]L and the other with the common portions of p[cheA]L
      and p[cheA]S. It is possible that each cheA product has a different function
      required for chemotaxis. The possible roles of these two products and the
      functional significance of bacterial genes with overlapping coding sequences are
      discussed.

PMID- 6449011
TI  - Syngeneic tumor cells can induce alloreactive T killer cells: a biological role
      for transplantation antigens.
AB  - A chemically induced sarcoma of BALB/c (H-2d) mice, MCG4, is shown to induce in
      BALB/c lymphocytes a primary anti-tumor cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) reaction in
      vitro. The anti-tumor CTL showed tumor specificity but reacted also with normal
      cells expressing distinct H-2 alloantigens. The CTL response could be shown to be
      induced by and directed against alloantigenic determinants expressed on two
      different molecules, one H-2Kk-like the other H-2Dk-like. The biological
      significance of these findings is discussed with regard to (i) possibility of
      derepression of normally silent H-2 genes in tumor cells and normal cells, (ii)
      generation of alloreactivity in ontogeny, and (iii) role of alloreactive T cells
      in eliminating cells expressing wrong gH-2 antigens.

PMID- 6449012
TI  - On the neurochemical basis of self-stimulation with midbrain raphe electrode
      placements.
AB  - Bar-pressing for electrical stimulation of the median raphe nucleus in rats was
      not attenuated by 5HT receptor blockade with metergoline or cyproheptadine, by
      5HT depletion induced with parachloroamphetamine or by prior destruction of
      ascending 5HT pathways with intracerebral microinjections of 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine. Furthermore, in a shuttle box paradigm in which rats could
      both initiate and terminate stimulation, parachlorophenylalanine did not
      antagonize initiation of stimulation. It is concluded that the rewarding effects
      of raphe stimulation are not mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. In contrast to
      these results, alpha-methyl-paratyrosine induced catecholamine depletion exerted
      an inhibitory effect on initiation behaviour without impairing termination of
      stimulation. It is concluded that the rewarding component of raphe stimulation is
      mediated by catecholamines. Termination of (escape from) stimulation was not
      materially affected by catecholamine or 5HT depletion suggesting the aversive
      component of raphe stimulation may not be mediated by these monoamines.

PMID- 6449013
TI  - Changes in distribution of mercury and selenium in soluble fractions of rabbit
      tissues after simultaneous administration.
AB  - The existing states of mercury and selenium in the blood and in soluble fractions
      of perfused rabbit liver and kidney were studied by gel filtration on Sephadex G
      200 1 hr or 24 hr after intravenous injection of mercuric chloride and/or sodium
      selenite. Both mercury and selenium in the plasma and stroma-free hemolysate were
      found to exist in the high-molecular weight fraction following simultaneous
      injection of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite. Patterns in gel filtration of
      the plasma and the stroma-free hemolysate did not show any significant change
      between 1 hr and 24 hr after the administration. A similar tendency as described
      above was obtained with the liver-soluble fraction at 24 hr after injection of
      mercuric chloride and sodium selenite. A possible role of the high-molecular
      weight complex, which is quickly formed by the interaction of mercury and
      selenium in blood stream, in decreasing the acute renal toxicity of inorganic
      mercury is discussed.

PMID- 6449014
TI  - The effect of serotonin depletion on the discriminability of LSD.
AB  - Nine groups of rats were trained to discriminate LSD (0.12 mg/kg) from saline in
      a two-lever, water-reinforced, drug discrimination procedure. After stable
      discriminative performance was obtained (>95% correct), groups were administered
      one of several treatments which lower the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in
      brain: (1) 12.5, 25, 50, 100 or 200 microgram of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7
      DHT) intraventricularly (IVT); (2) 3 X 100 mg/kg of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)
      intraperitoneally (IP); or (3) 20 mg/kg of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) IP. Control
      rats received either IVT injections of 5,7-DHT vehicle or IP injections of PCA or
      PCPA vehicles. Beginning 12 days after treatment, lever preference following
      various doses of LSD was determined. The results indicated that only the 200
      microgram dose of 5,7-DHT and PCPA caused a significant potentiation of LSD-lever
      responding at the 0.03 mg/kg dose of LSD while all treatments except 12.5 and 25
      microgram of 5,7-DHT resulted in significant depletion of 5-HT. Moreover, amount
      of 5-HT and percent LSD responding following 0.03 mg/kg LSD were not
      significantly correlated. It was concluded that 5-HT depletion, per se, cannot
      account for supersensitivity to the behavioral effects of LSD.

PMID- 6449015
TI  - Enhancement of the behavioral effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (DOM)
      by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine.
AB  - Seven food deprived male rats were trained to press a bar on a fixed ratio-40 (FR
      40) schedule of food reinforcement. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg 2,5-dimethoxy-4
      methyl amphetamine (DOM) immediately before the start of the session resulted in
      cessation of responding for some portion of the 40-min test session. Three
      successive days of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) administration (100 mg/kg) 30 min
      after each session reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to 15-26% of control
      concentrations in various brain regions but did not alter control rates of
      responding under the FR-40 schedule. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg DOM following
      this PCPA pretreatment resulted in a greater amount of nonresponding than
      observed earlier. These data suggest that the effects of the phenethylamine
      hallucinogen DOM are enhanced by disruption of 5-HT neuronal activity.

PMID- 6449016
TI  - Early intervention with Down syndrome children: follow-up report.
AB  - This report compares developmental milestones and current intellectual and
      adaptive functioning of 20 children with Down syndrome who participated in an
      early intervention program with those of 53 noninstitutionalized children with
      Down syndrome who did not experience such a program. The children in the former
      group generally showed earlier acquisition of motor and self-help skills and
      significantly higher intelligence quotients and social quotients at three to six
      years of age. Because of certain variables that could not be rigorously
      controlled in this type of program, the higher functioning cannot be clearly
      attributed to early intervention. These findings nevertheless are consistent with
      the hypothesis that early intervention has a beneficial effect and should provide
      encouragement for further studies.

PMID- 6449017
TI  - Muscle spindles and the regulation of movement.
AB  - This paper presents the complexities of muscle spindle structure and function.
      Experimental evidence indicates that the contribution of muscle spindles to motor
      control depends upon the cooperation of two distinct systems, one dynamic and one
      static. The traditional idea that load compensation depends on the segmental
      stretch reflex action of muscle spindle afferents on alpha motoneurons is
      questioned and evidence is provided to support the direct dependence of load
      compensation upon supraspinal centers. Information from muscle spindle afferents
      allows the nervous system 1) to compare the actual muscle length and velocity of
      contraction to the desired length and velocity for a particular movement and 2)
      to compensate for any discrepancies that develop. Segmental pathways from muscle
      spindle afferents appear to function with Golgi tendon organs to regulate the
      stiffness or compliance of a muscle.

PMID- 6449018
TI  - Deuterium oxide effects upon three parameters characterizing the activity of
      glycerol-extracted muscle: phosphate release, ATP-induced shortening, and 22Na+
      distribution.
AB  - ATP splitting activity is progressively reduced with increasing heavy water (D2))
      concentration. In contrast, sarcomere shorteining inhibition produced by D2O does
      not significantly depend on its concentration. Even at low concentration, the
      presence of D2O does reduce the excessive accumulation of radioactive sodium
      within glycerinated frog muscle. These heavy water effects on muscular
      contraction and soidum distribution can be interpreted to indicate adsorbed water
      within the cells. Evaluation of these experimental results in terms of Gibbs free
      enthalpy of binding at the adsorption sites of D20 or H20 is in good agreement
      with the data in the literature.

PMID- 6449019
TI  - An Australian programme for management of back problems.

PMID- 6449020
TI  - The Swedish Back School.

PMID- 6449021
TI  - The Canadian Back Education Units.

PMID- 6449022
TI  - The California Back School.

PMID- 6449023
TI  - Role of serotonergic mechanisms in animal models of predation.

PMID- 6449024
TI  - Platelet aggregation, 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and release in Huntington's
      chorea.

PMID- 6449025
TI  - Computed tomography in sciatica.
AB  - Lumber facet arthropathy and a herniated disk are two major causes of low back
      pain and sciatica. The authors evaluated the importance of computed tomography
      (CT) in 243 patients with low back pain and/or sciatica. Lumbar facet
      abnormalities were found in 139 patients (57%), and a herniated disk was found in
      48 patients (20%). CT findings correlated precisely with surgical observations in
      cases involving a herniated disk and correlated well with the results of an intra
      articular facet block in a small series of patients. CT can effectively diagnose
      and differentiate between lumbar facet arthropathy and a herniated disk.

PMID- 6449026
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in chondroblastoma.
AB  - Scintigraphy in 3 patients with chondroblastoma showed that the tumors were
      hyperemic and avidly accumulated the radionuclide. These changes were also
      present in adjacent normal bone, but to a lesser degree. This suggest that
      radionuclide uptake in chondroblastoma is a function of the blood supply to the
      tumor rather than primary matrix extraction.

PMID- 6449027
TI  - Primary neuroblastoma uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate.
AB  - Forty patients, ages three days to 12 years, with neuroblastomas had bone scans
      with 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) as part of their
      pretreatment examination. Twenty-four (60%) had primary tumor uptake and 16 (40%)
      did not. No difference was seen between the two groups in the incidence of tumor
      calcification or necrosis. No relationship between the level of urinary
      vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and the presence of primary tumor uptake of 99mTc-MDP
      was found. The possible causes for the localization of 99mTc-MDP are discussed.

PMID- 6449028
TI  - [Blood serum immunoglobulin level in occupational chromium-induced eczema and
      other allergic dermatoses].

PMID- 6449029
TI  - [Importance of skin function tests in the determination of the pathomechanism of
      chromium-induced eczema].

PMID- 6449030
TI  - [Cross reactions and pseudo-cross reactions among thirams].

PMID- 6449031
TI  - [Allergic occupational eczema diagnosed at the Institute of Occupational Medicine
      in Lodz during the years 1972-1978].

PMID- 6449032
TI  - [Epidemiological situation with regard to occupational skin diseases in Poland
      during the years 1971-1977].

PMID- 6449033
TI  - [Toenail changes in young men].

PMID- 6449034
TI  - [Photoxic reactions].

PMID- 6449035
TI  - [Responsibility of the dentist as educator].

PMID- 6449036
TI  - [Diagnostic responsibility in pedodontics].

PMID- 6449037
TI  - [Use of chlorhexidine gluconate for bacterial plaque prevention in children with
      cerebral palsy].

PMID- 6449038
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological aspects of herpetic keratitis].

PMID- 6449039
TI  - [Thresholds of photosensitivity and statistical errors in adaptometric studies of
      functional amblyopia].

PMID- 6449040
TI  - [Ocular homeostasis in working conditions in road and air traffic].

PMID- 6449041
TI  - [Morbidity and risk factors in presenile cataract. I. Is senile cataract becoming
      less senile?].

PMID- 6449042
TI  - [Problems in etiopathogenesis and positive diagnosis of serous central
      chorioretinopathy].

PMID- 6449043
TI  - [The macula in degenerative and senescent vascular retinopathy. Therapeutic
      results].

PMID- 6449044
TI  - [Ocular accidents in sports].

PMID- 6449045
TI  - [Current status of keratoplasty].

PMID- 6449046
TI  - [Exploratory and therapeutic surgical procedure in epiphora in congenital absence
      of the lacrimal puncta].

PMID- 6449047
TI  - [Aspects of plastic surgery in facial paralysis].

PMID- 6449048
TI  - [Reconstruction of the orbital cavity with a free skin flap. A proposed new
      system of containment].

PMID- 6449049
TI  - [Motility of ocular globe after eyeball enucleation].

PMID- 6449050
TI  - [Expulsive hemorrhage].

PMID- 6449051
TI  - [Vitelliform degeneration of the macula with normal electrooculogram].

PMID- 6449052
TI  - [Orbital complications of sinus inflammatory processes].

PMID- 6449053
TI  - [New data on the molecular mechanisms of retinal bioelectrogenesis].

PMID- 6449054
TI  - [Indications and possibilities of ocular electromyography (preliminary note)].

PMID- 6449055
TI  - [Cranial trauma as an initiating or contributing factor in glaucoma].

PMID- 6449056
TI  - [Acousticovestibular sequelae of craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 6449057
TI  - [Pulmonary radiographic changes in the course of otomastoid diseases with
      minimally symptomatic clinical evolution (in infants and young children)].
AB  - Otomastoiditis of infants and young children, masked in its evolution by
      antibiotics, continues to be increasingly met with. Diagnostic difficulties are
      caused by the paucity of the symptomatology in such cases. The present study
      included 111 cases of otomastoiditis admitted to the ORL Clinic for Children;
      routine X-ray of the lungs was performed. The results showed particular pulmonary
      alterations (interstitial design, diffuse or segmentary opacities, emphysema),
      without corresponding clinical pulmonary distress.

PMID- 6449058
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of stenosing laryngotracheitis in children].
AB  - The present paper is a review of the alterations occurring in stenosing
      laryngotracheobronchic pathology. Stenosis is often caused by associated
      alterations of various segments of the respiratory tract and neighbouring organs
      (cardiovascular malformations, esophageal, etc.). The importance of the
      autonomous nervous system in the evolution of acute malignant laryngotracheitis
      is emphasized. A simple original method for humidification of the air breathed by
      tracheotomized children is described. The show the contribution of radiography to
      the differential diagnosis of stenosis of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 6449059
TI  - [Therapeutic implications derived from the pathogenesis of suppurated otitis
      media].
AB  - The author discusses the pathogenic mechanisms considered to occur in the course
      of suppurated otitis media. These mechanisms are explained on the basis of
      experimental research work and laboratory investigations, published in the
      medical literature. With reference to the pathogenic aspects described the author
      tries to justify certain therapeutical attitudes and to criticize others. The
      theoretical rationale is illustrated by cases in the author's own experience.

PMID- 6449060
TI  - [Pathogenic treatment of nasal allergy].
AB  - Starting from the idea that in nasal allergy the nasal conchae--especially the
      inferior conchae--represent the organs of shock, and that histologic studies have
      shown the existence in the mucosa and erectile tissue of antibody-forming
      lymphocytes and plasma cells, the authors assumed that by removing this tissue
      they might prevent the formation of the antibodies concerned, and hence avoid
      conflict with the antigen. This would represent an immunosuppressive action, the
      only method according to allergologists to obtain recovery in allergies. Starting
      in 1976, the authors performed mucotomy of the tips and lower edges of the
      inferior conchae and sometimes of the middle conchae, obtaining recovery of all
      the 40 operated patients with nasal allergy, recovery checked in the course of
      four years.

PMID- 6449061
TI  - [Data concerning a case of long-term, asymptomatic, calcified cerebral tumor with
      late evolution of olfactory meningioma].
AB  - In a lot of 3 patients with olfactory meningioma, one patient drew particular
      attention by the particularities of its evolution, which was asymptomatic for a
      long time and atypical. The disease started at the age of 38 with asthenia,
      headaches, dizziness and X-ray images of left parasellar calcified brain tumour,
      without neurological signs of a focus at any of the repeated clinical or
      paraclinical examinations. After eight years focal signs appears: left pyramidal
      irritation, absences, left hyposmia, without altered visual acuity or conclusive
      scintigraphic and EEG alterations. Left carotid arteriography indicated a space
      occupying process. The disease progressed slowly with left hemiparesis and
      corresponding effects. A diagnosis of "left olfactory meningioma" was established
      in the Neurosurgical Clinic, Bucharest. The situation deteriorated in 1977: total
      left anosmia, Jacksonian seizures, sometimes generalized, uncinate fits,
      paroxysmal headaches, amnesia disturbances and marked right hemiparesis. Recent
      scintigraphic and EEG alterations likewise lent support to a diagnosis of brain
      tumour. The existence of calcified, asymptomatic, trailing brain tumours, with an
      atypical and late evolution of unilateral olfactory meningioma, without Foster
      Kennedy syndrome, demands from the beginning close surveillance and complex
      investigations, since a prolonged absence of anosmia and focal phenomena does not
      exclude the possibility of a meningioma of the olfactory groove, and may often
      lead to errors of diagnosis.

PMID- 6449062
TI  - [An unusual case of retropharyngeal foreign body].

PMID- 6449063
TI  - [The vomerine pyramid. Anatomofunctional considerations].
AB  - The author constantly found in the obstructed nasal septa, in the middle third of
      the vomer, an anatomic formation not described as such in the classical treatises
      of anatomy and recent rhinologic works. It is a bony formation, a quadrangular
      pyramid, with its base as a rule on the left aspect of the vomer and its tip
      towards the posterior third of the inferior concha. The four facets of the
      pyramid face anteriorly, superiorly, posteriorly and inferiorly. This formation
      is encountered in 33% of individuals without rhinologic affections and in more
      than 40% of those with chronic obstructive rhinologic distress. In septal
      resections, surgery is inefficient when this formation is not removed since
      respiration through the nose continues to be impeded and a reintervention must be
      performed, when it is found in 60% of cases.

PMID- 6449064
TI  - [Medial acetabular displacement and other pelvic displacements after Chiari
      osteotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have made a study of displacement after Chiari osteotomy in cadavers
      and in patients. In most of the cases, following osteotomy, there is movement not
      only at the pubic symphysis but also in the two sacro-iliac joints. Movement in
      the ipsilateral sacro-iliac joint is associated with upward and lateral
      displacement of the iliac crest giving an improved cover of the femoral head even
      though the acetabulum is not medially displaced. Movement in the controlateral
      sacro-iliac joint does result in medial displacement of the acetabulum but the
      whole of the opposite hemi-pelvis is also displaced so that the opposite
      acetabulum is displaced laterally and becomes more vertical. The authors attempt
      to draw conclusions on the biomechanical action of Chiari osteotomy on the
      opposite acetabulum.

PMID- 6449065
TI  - [Chronic instability of the ankle treated by reefing of the lateral ligament
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have operated on 22 cases of chronic instability of the ankle. The
      anterior part of the lateral ligament was reinserted in the lateral malleolus.
      Only 18 patients were followed up. 15 had a good result, 2 had a recurrent sprain
      after trauma and one had a poor result. The authors consider that this technique,
      combined with proprioceptive rehabilitation of the peroneal muscles gives better
      results than ligamentoplasties using the peroneal tendons.

PMID- 6449066
TI  - [A comparative mechanical study of types of external fixator (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have designed and original type of external fixator which can be used
      in the forces in case of armed conflict. Study has been directed towards a
      simple, strong and inexpensive apparatus which can be applied in emergency
      circumstances. Secondarily it can be replaced by another apparatus to allow
      compression, distraction or better reduction of a fracture without removal of the
      pins. The fixator should be applied as close as possible to bone and there should
      be three pins in each fragment, one close to the fracture, one distant and one
      intermediate. The best methods for the insertion of the pins have been tested.

PMID- 6449067
TI  - [Double occurrence of a giant-cell tumour (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a case of giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the radius
      treated by resection-arthrodesis of the wrist with cure of the lesion for 9
      years. There then appeared, in the same hand, a second giant-cell tumour at the
      level of the first metacarpal bone which was not an extension of the first
      lesion. It was treated by prosthetic replacement of the first metacarpal bone. A
      review of the literature has shown 13 similar cases of polycentric giant-cell
      tumours.

PMID- 6449068
TI  - [Bilateral recurrent anterior dislocation of the hip (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a case of bilateral recurrent anterior dislocation of the hip
      in a child suffering from Seckel's disease (bird-headed dwarf). There were no
      neurological abnormalities. The dislocations appeared to relate to coxa valga and
      dysplastic acetabula. Femoral osteotomies together with a shelf procedure were
      performed. The dislocations had ceased when the child was reviewed in a two-year
      follow-up.

PMID- 6449069
TI  - [Bilateral symmetrical macrodactyly of the toes (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a case of bilateral symmetrical macrodactyly affecting the
      toes in a 17 year old patient. The deformity was treated by bilateral
      transmetatarsal amputation. After a review of the literature, the authors recall
      that macrodactyly is more frequently seen in the hand than in the foot. No
      etiological factor such as neurofibromatosis or a genetic or teratogenic agent
      was found.

PMID- 6449070
TI  - [An original surgical procedure for the treatment of valgus flat foot in children
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A surgical procedure associating a translocation of the peroneus brevis on the
      tendon of the tibialis posterior and a tightening of the capsule of the Chopart
      joint is described, for the treatment of valgus flat feet. 38 children (65 feet)
      have been operated on. The results seem to be favorable.

PMID- 6449071
TI  - [Preserving the value of the abstracts of the Documentation Center of the French
      Society for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology by transferring them to
      microfilm].

PMID- 6449072
TI  - Antitumor effect of neocarzinostatin entrapped in neutral, negatively and
      positively charged liposomes against Ehrlich solid carcinoma.

PMID- 6449073
TI  - Control of postural changes of end expiratory volume (FRC) by airways slowly
      adapting mechanoreceptors.
AB  - We recorded the e.m.g. activity of the diaphragm and of an abdominal muscle (ext.
      oblique) and the respiratory volume in anesthetized rabbits challenged with head
      up tilting and positive pressure breathing (PPB). Both maneuvers determined an
      inhibition of inspiratory activity and an activation of abdominal muscles, the
      latter being especially marked with tilting. After cervical vagotomy neither the
      inspiratory inhibition nor the abdominal recruitment was present during tilting
      and PPB and the FRC increase was more pronounced. Sulphur dioxide was given in
      the inspired air (200 ppm) to selectively block the slowly adapting
      mechanoreceptors. Such blockade was indicated by the absence of the Hering-Breuer
      inflation reflex. The permanence of other respiratory reflexes was shown by a
      parodoxical response to inflation and by a still evident response to deflation.
      With SO2 block, both tilting and PPB did not elicit either the inspiratory
      inhibition or the abdominal muscles activation, leading to an FRC shift similar
      to that observed after vagotomy. We conclude that the slowly adapting
      mechanoreceptors subserve a reflex mechanism relevant in controlling FRC.

PMID- 6449074
TI  - [Digoxin-like immunoreactivity in serum of hyperthyroid rats with hypertrophy of
      the heart is not caused by aldosterone (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449075
TI  - Histamine H2 receptors and intrinsic factor secretion.
AB  - Intrinsic factor (IF) secretion in healthy male subjects was studied in response
      to pentagastrin stimulation with and without cimetidine, and to impromidine, a
      histamine H2 receptor agonist. Peak and total IF output were reduced by
      cimetidine, but the concentration was unchanged and the response was unaffected
      by administration of the compound for 1 week. The IF secretory response to
      impromidine was similar to that to pentagastrin. It is suggested that the acid
      and IF components of the parietal cell secretory response are mediated via
      different intracellular pathways, that histamine H2 receptors do not fulfill and
      obligatory role in the secretion of IF and that synthesis of IF is probably not
      altered by cimetidine.

PMID- 6449076
TI  - Arthropathy and sacro-iliitis in severe psoriasis.
AB  - Fifty consecutive adult patients hospitalized for psoriasis were examined.
      Persistent low back pain, large joint arthropathy, phalangeal joint arthropathy
      and radiological sacro-iliitis were frequent findings (18-28%), but were not
      associated with one another. Chest expansion and spinal mobility were not reduced
      in the patients who had roentgenological sacro-iliitis. Low back pain at night
      and large joint arthropathy were positively associated. Peripheral arthropathy
      and roentgenological sacro-iliitis were associated. There was no sex difference
      in the frequency of signs or symptoms. Four patients (8%) had ankylosing
      spondylitis. It was concluded that in psoriatic patients, the different signs of
      joint affection are only partly related.

PMID- 6449077
TI  - Late results after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect in children.

PMID- 6449078
TI  - [Factors that regulate cell division and their roles in neoplasms].

PMID- 6449079
TI  - Role of ornithine decarboxylase in cardiac growth and hypertrophy.
AB  - Inhibition of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) did not prevent normal cardiac growth in mature
      rats but attenuated isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy. Hypertrophy caused by
      triiodothyronine was not prevented by DFMO. There appear to be both ODC-dependent
      and ODC-independent processes contributing to the subcellular mechanisms
      associated with growth, which must be considered in the potential laboratory and
      clinical use of DFMO.

PMID- 6449080
TI  - Mental symptoms in Huntington's disease and a possible primary aminergic neuron
      lesion.
AB  - Monoamine oxidase activity was higher in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of
      patients dying from Huntington's disease than in controls. Enzyme kinetics and
      multiple substrate studies indicated that the increased activity was due to
      elevated concentrations of monoamine oxidase type B. Concentrations of
      homovanillic acid were increased in the cerebral cortex but not in the basal
      ganglia of brains of patients with Huntington's disease. These changes may
      represent a primary aminergic lesion that could underlie some of the mental
      symptoms of this disease.

PMID- 6449081
TI  - Mesostigmatid mites associated with three Rattus species collected in Rangoon,
      Burma.
AB  - Examination of 909 female mesostigmatid mites of 247 samples collected from
      Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and R. exulans in Rangoon, Burma found 8 species
      present: Laelaps echidnina, L. nuttalli, L. myonyssognathus, Laelaps sp. A and B
      of Allred 1970, L. wittei, Liponyssoides muris and Ornithonyssus bacoti.

PMID- 6449082
TI  - The hoplopleurid lice (Anoplura : Hoplopleuridae) of commensal small mammals in
      Rangoon, Burma.

PMID- 6449083
TI  - Pre-exposure prophylaxis of humans against rabies: I. Studies on personnel at the
      Burma Pharmaceutical Industry.
AB  - This is the first time in Burma where personnel at risk against rabies have been
      pre-immunized and the effectiveness of such a procedure has been studied for
      nearly two years. The first batch of lyophilized, Semple-type, beta propiolactone
      inactivated anti rabies vaccine produced by the Burma Pharmaceutical Industry
      (B.P.I.) was used to immunize 55 B.P.I. workers previously unexposed to rabies
      and with no history of rabies vaccination. Three doses of 0.25 ml of the vaccine
      were given intradermally at one week intervals. Booster doses were given on the
      98th, 392nd and 592nd day after the first dose. Blood samples were taken and
      serum neutralization tests were performed at varying time intervals after basic
      immunization and booster doses. Satisfactory antibody responses were obtained.
      The course of immunological response is presented and discussed.

PMID- 6449084
TI  - An integrated unit at St. Michael's.

PMID- 6449085
TI  - Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 6449086
TI  - Workers' compensation: 1978 program update.
AB  - Workers' compensation is one of the few State-administered income-maintenance
      programs operating throughout the United States. The national "system" to provide
      benefits for work-caused disability and death actually consists of 50 independent
      State operations and several special Federal programs. The Social Security
      Administration developed and continues to improve basic statistics to measure
      trends and progress in workers' compensation and to evaluate the program,
      especially in relation to income-maintenance programs under the Social Security
      Act. A standardized set of State and national estimates of amounts expended for
      workers' compensation benefits--as well as national estimates on coverage,
      payroll, and costs to employers--are compiled and analyzed each year. This
      article includes an historical perspective on the estimates, dating from 1940.

PMID- 6449087
TI  - Starting a children's residential facility: a social work response.

PMID- 6449088
TI  - The significance of mixed lymphocyte culture in related renal transplantation.
AB  - Eighty-one donor-recipient pairs were evaluated prior to renal transplantation to
      obtain histocompatibility profiles. Standard tissue typing was used to detect
      serologically defined A and B locus antigens, and mixed lymphocyte cultures were
      employed to detect lymphocyte defined antigens. Results of both tests were
      correlated with each other and with allograft rejection. It was shown that as
      serologically defined histocompatibility at the A and B loci decreases, both the
      rate of graft rejection and the percentage of high mixed lymphocyte culture
      stimulation increase. Within each serologically defined category were found
      patients with a high and a low stimulation index in mixed lymphocyte culture.
      Regardless of the degree of serologically defined histocompatibility, patients
      with a high stimulation index had a statistically significant higher graft
      rejection rate than did patients with a low stimulation index. It appears that
      the mixed lymphocyte culture assay is a method superior to standard tissue typing
      in predicting renal allograft rejection with related donors, and therefore all
      potential donors for renal transplantation should be screened, utilizing the
      mixed lymphocyte culture technique.

PMID- 6449089
TI  - Axillofemoral bypass reconstructions in sixty-one patients with leg ischemia.
AB  - During a 5-year period, 61 axillofemoral bypass operations have been performed in
      patients regarding as poor risks for conventional bifurcations procedures with
      arteriosclerotic occlusive disease and in patients with graft infections. Velour
      Dacron grafts and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-grafts have been used.
      The results are encouraging with a 3 year graft patency rate of 75% and a 3 year
      limb salvage rate of 90%. The expanded PTFE graft is a suitable graft for this
      purpose, and the use of axillofemoral bypass grafting is recommended as an
      alternative to the conventional aortoiliac/femoral bypass graft when dealing with
      high risk patients and patients with graft infections.

PMID- 6449090
TI  - [Subpopulations of human T-lymphocytes and their suppressor functions].

PMID- 6449091
TI  - [Current concepts of the growth mechanisms of the immune response].

PMID- 6449092
TI  - [50th anniversary of the Central Order of Lenin Institute for Advanced Medical
      Training].

PMID- 6449093
TI  - Comparison of serial electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic changes during
      recovery from status asthmaticus.
AB  - Serial electrocardiographs (ECG) and vectorcardiographs (VCG) have been performed
      on 10 patients admitted to hospital in status asthmaticus on 12 separate
      occasions. The VCG was more efficient than the ECG in the detection of right
      atrial and ventricular enlargement. Both investigations were equally reliable in
      recording changes in frontal plane P wave axis. The mean frontal plane P wave
      axis fell from +60 degrees (range +35 degrees to +90 degrees) on the day of
      admission to +43 degrees (range +30 degrees to +60 degrees) at the time of
      discharge. The mean FEV1 expressed as a percentage of predicted values increased
      from 48% (range 25% to 81%) to 87% (range 44% to 123%). In direct contrast to
      previous studies the presence of an abnormally vertical frontal plane P wave axis
      (> 60 degrees) was related to the severity of airway obstruction (p < 0.01).

PMID- 6449094
TI  - Effect of inhaled H1 and H2 receptor antagonist in normal and asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The effects on airflow resistance of an inhaled H1 receptor antagonist,
      clemastine, and an H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, have been investigated in
      normal and asthmatic subjects. No significant changes in specific conductance
      (sGaw) were seen in six normal subjects. In eight asthmatic subjects a
      significant increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) occurred at
      60 min (< 0.02), and 120 (< 0.05) after the inhalation of clemastine, whereas
      inhaled cimetidine had no effect on airflow resistance. Clemastine and cimetidine
      were tested on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in eight normal and eight
      asthmatic subjects. Clemastine significantly reduced the fall in sGaw in normal
      subjects and the fall in FEV1 in asthmatic subjects, whereas cimetidine had no
      protective effect. Clemastine and ipratropium bromide were tested on methacholine
      induced bronchoconstriction in eight normal subjects. Ipratropium bromide, but
      not clemastine, significantly reduced the fall in sGaw after methacholine. These
      results suggest that in normal and asthmatic subjects histamine-induced
      bronchoconstriction is mediated predominantly via H1 rather than H2 receptors in
      the airways.

PMID- 6449095
TI  - Response to aerosol salbutamol, SCH 1000, and placebo in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The responses of 20 patients with cystic fribrosis to a B2 agonist, salbutamol,
      to an anticholinergic agent, SCH 1000, and to a placebo containing
      difluorodichloroethane and soya lecithin delivered by metered aerosol were
      compared. Flow rates decreased significantly after placebo (p < 0.05). FEV1
      increased significantly after salbutamol (p < 0.05), but the degree of these
      changes was small. There was a small but significant increase in FVC but no
      change in flow rates after SCH 1000. Specific conductance increased significantly
      (p < 0.01) after both salbutamol and SCH 1000. Thoracic gas volume remained
      unchanged with both drugs and placebo. Four of 20 patients had a clinically
      significant increase in flow rates with SCH 1000 and three with salbutamol. The
      consistent increases in sGaw coupled with minimal changes in flow rates, suggest
      that the physiological effects of both agents is to increase the compressibility
      of the airway. The results after placebo demonstrate the increased airway
      reactivity to irritants in cystic fibrosis. In view of this, attention should be
      paid to the possible irritant effects of inhaled medications.

PMID- 6449096
TI  - Differential degradation by plasmin of fragment E derived from fibrin and
      fibrinogen.

PMID- 6449097
TI  - Dentists who make house calls.

PMID- 6449098
TI  - [Genetic properties of phage lambda recombinant molecules. The effect of an
      inserted fragment on the hybrid yield and recombination with respect to the h-
      and vir-markers].
AB  - The yield of mature phages in lambda gt-lambda Dm34, lambda gt-lambda DM225 and
      lambda gt-lambda Dm234 is 2, 8 and 8 times lower (respectively) as compared to
      the wild type. The output of hvir-recombinants in lambda gt-lambda Dm225 is more
      than an order lower as compared to the other phages. As distinct from two other
      hybrids, the decrease in lambda gt-lamba DM225 yield cannot be explained by red
      genotype and a shortening of the phage genome as well as the decrease in the
      output hvir-recombinants cannot be attributed to a decrease in the yield of
      mature particles and to a shortening of the distance between markers. The data
      obtained show a contribution of Drosophila DNA to the observed effects.

PMID- 6449099
TI  - [Cytophotometric study of the DNA in the lymphocytes from human lymph nodes in
      culture].
AB  - In the suspension culture of lymph node cells taken from patients with exzemic
      erythroderma, an active blast-transformation of lymphocytes starts in 24 hours,
      whereas in patients with mycosis fungoides this begins only in 48 hours. In
      lymphocytes taken from patients with mycosis fungoides, a tendency to a slower
      increase in DNA quantity was noticed compared to that in patients with exzemic
      erythrodermy. The differences observed may be used for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 6449100
TI  - [Immunological specificity and the kinetics of T-suppressor induction in the
      immunization of mice with allogeneic spleen].
AB  - A high dose immunization of mice with gamma-irradiated allogeneic spleen cells
      has been shown to induce, in a recipient spleen, specific suppressor T-cells,
      resistant to mitomycin C, which are capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis and, to a
      lesser degree, the generation of killer cells in the mixed lymphocyte culture
      (MLC). The maximum suppressor activity is reached on days 3-6 after immunization.
      Both reactions are blocked mostly in those stimulator cells which bear H-2
      antigens used for immunization. In contrast, DNA synthesis is inhibited only
      slightly, if at all, when it is stimulated in MLC by third-party cells, even if
      these are added to the culture as a mixture with correspoding stimulators. Unlike
      X-irradiated allogeneic cells, the untreated ones induce a mixture of
      suppressors, T-cells and macrophages, with a considerable non-specific
      suppression. Untreated syngenic lymphoid cells induce less active non-specific
      suppressors with properties of macrophages.

PMID- 6449101
TI  - ATP phosphohydrolase localization in adult Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 6449102
TI  - [Electrophoretic studies of the molecular forms of serum malate dehydrogenase in
      sheep and lambs after experimental infestation with Bunostomum trigonocephalum
      (Rudolphi, 1808)].
AB  - The influence was studied of mass B. trigonocephalum infection on the isoenzyme
      spectrum of serum malic dehydrogenase in adult sheep and lambs. The
      investigations were conducted prior to infection, on day 10 post infection and
      following occurrence of clinical picture of bunostomiasis. It was found that on
      day 10 post infection, the serum of experiment sheep and lambs contained new
      fractions of malic dehydrogenase, NAD-specific, NADF-specific. They were observed
      also post occurrence of bunostomiasis clinical symptoms. The new fractions
      possess different electrophoretic mobility from that of malic dehydrogenase
      isoenzymes observed in the serum of experiment animals prior to infection. Their
      percentage ratio with respect to the remaining isoenzymes increases with disease
      development. Change in the percentage ratio of malic dehydrogenase isoenzymes
      normally found in sheep and lamb serum observed post infection.

PMID- 6449103
TI  - [In the Murmansk Military Garrison Hospital].

PMID- 6449104
TI  - [Treatment procedure in acute neurological diseases].

PMID- 6449105
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of bronchial asthma in children in treatment in
      Kislovodsk].

PMID- 6449106
TI  - [Erythrocyte changes in bronchial asthma in children under mountain climate
      treatment in the Mount Elbrus region].

PMID- 6449107
TI  - [Electrophoresis of adrenaline and of the ingredients of a mud solution using
      sinusoidal modulated currents in the overall sanatorium treatment of children
      with nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 6449108
TI  - [Treatment effectiveness at a sanatorium-preventorium in nonspecific
      bronchopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 6449109
TI  - [Temperature change in Gabozero mud in the application process].

PMID- 6449110
TI  - [Pesticide accumulation in the mud deposit of Lake Moinaki].

PMID- 6449111
TI  - [Balneotherapy effectiveness in chronic mixed poisonings with organochlorine and
      organophosphate pesticides].

PMID- 6449112
TI  - [Immunological index dynamics in chronic nonspecific lung diseases as affected by
      sanatorium-health resort treatment].

PMID- 6449113
TI  - [Brief annotations to the methodological recommendations of the I. M. Sechenov
      Yalta Institute of Physical Treatment Methods and Medical Climatology (1977
      1979)].

PMID- 6449114
TI  - [History of the folk medicine of Kabardino-Balkaria].

PMID- 6449115
TI  - [Isolation of the influenza virus from ducks in the Aral Sea region].
AB  - Influenza A/duck/Aralsk/1/78 virus was isolated from ducks in southwestern
      Kazakhstan. Typing of this virus neuraminidase indicated its appurtenance to the
      2nd avian type. Hemagglutinin of A/duck/Aralsk/1/78 virus typed by the HI test
      showed no relationship with any one of the strains used in the test including H0,
      H1, H2, H3, Hsw1, Heq1, Heq2, viruses and strains with all 10 avian
      hemagglutinins. This suggests that hemagglutinin of A/duck/Aralsk/1/78 virus
      (Hav?Nav2) belongs to a new, hitherto unknown type.

PMID- 6449117
TI  - [Care and rehabilitation of the physically handicapped].

PMID- 6449116
TI  - [Isolation of the Isfahan virus in Turkmenia].
AB  - This is a first report on the isolation in the USSR of Isfahan virus belonging to
      the Rhabdoviridae family. Two strains, T-200 and T-227, were isolated from a pool
      of 100 and 95 engorged Phlebotomus papatasi females collected in colonies of
      great gerbils in June and August, 1979, in the Kirov district, Turkmenia.
      According to the results of previous investigations, the human population and
      great gerbils in this areas were frequently found to have antibody to Isfahan
      virus. The strains were identified by complement fixation, indirect
      immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination tests and neutralization by the
      plaque reduction technique. The viruses are held by filters with pore diameter
      less than 100 nm, are destroyed by sodium deoxycholate, at the state of
      reproduction are not sensitive to 5-brom-2-deoxyuridine.

PMID- 6449118
TI  - [Monkey behavior in the natural environment of the Pskov region].
AB  - Observations and experiments conducted on rhesus monkeys in close-to-natural
      conditions gave the following results. Monkeys successfully transfer the
      laboratory habit of signals discrimination by the cue of "more--less" to natural
      objects. Play behaviour is not regulated by individual ranks. The leader of the
      group bears the heaviest responsibility for the group conservation. In the sphere
      of manipulationn and reinforcement the greatest part is played by dominant
      animals. No manifestations of "tool" activity was recorded, although separate
      elements of rational behaviour were present.

PMID- 6449119
TI  - PGM1 subtypes determined by agarose gel isoelectrofocusing.
AB  - PGM1 subtypes were determined in red cell hemolysates by isoelectric focusing on
      agarose gel plates. By this modified procedure PGM1 subtypes may be readily
      classified. Nine of the 10 expected phenotypes were found in a sample of 470
      unrelated individuals from Southern Germany. The frequencies for the four alleles
      were found to be: PGM1(1+) = 0.212, PGM1(1-) = 0.1224, PGM1(2+) = 0.2043, PGM1(2
      ) = 0.0521.

PMID- 6449120
TI  - Isolation, purification, and properties of neuraminidase from Propionibacterium
      acnes.
AB  - Neuraminidase activity was discovered in 32 of 38 strains of Propionibacterium
      acnes. Enzyme production was studied in yeast extract bouillon of different pH
      containing various amounts of human milk as neuraminidase inductor. Enzyme
      activity was found in the bacterial sediments as well as in the culture
      filtrates. Since neither ultrasonic treatment nor lysozyme incubation of
      bacterial sediments did release reasonable amounts of enzyme, culture filtrates
      were used for enzyme preparation. Neuraminidase was isolated by 40% ammonium
      sulfate precipitation, dialysis, concentration and repeated gel chromatography on
      Sephadex G-100. The enzyme posesses a molecular weight of about 33 000 and a pH
      optimum around 5.0. The Michaelis constants are 1.8 x 10(-3) M for alpha 2 leads
      to 3 linked N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) in II3NeuAc-Lac, 3.7 x 10(-3) M for
      the alpha 2 leads to 6 linkage in II6NeuAc-Lac, and 2.1 x 10(-3) M for the alpha
      2 leads to 8 linkage of II3 (comes from 2 alpha NeuAc8)2-Lac, respectively. Among
      the different groups of naturally occurring NeuAc-containing substrates, i.e.
      oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins, the enzyme exhibits its highest
      activity towards low molecular weight oligosaccharides. Activity is considerably
      lower on glycoproteins. Glycolipids (gangliosides) are only little attacked under
      conditions used in the test. However, there is no remarkable specificity towards
      one of the different linkage types of N-acetylneuraminic acid. In general, the
      enzyme reveals a specificity pattern similar to that found in other bacteria of
      low pathogenicity towards man.

PMID- 6449121
TI  - [Tendencies in the epidemic process of dysentery in Ryazan].
AB  - In shigellosis caused by Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri the epidemic process was
      found to have considerable difference in the tendencies and pace of its
      development. Shigellosis which dominated in the etiological structure at the
      period following 1966 was dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei; it showed the tendency
      towards a decrease in morbidity rate. Dysentery caused by Sh. flexneri was second
      in respect to the frequency of its occurrence after 1966 and showed the tendency
      towards increase. The simultaneous circulation of Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri,
      the differences in the epidemiology of these types of shigellosis make it
      imperative that they be studied separately, taking into ccount their etiological
      selectivity to the main routes of transmitting the infection.

PMID- 6449122
TI  - [Isolation of the causative agent of tularemia from an inoculum from skin lesions
      in the ulcerobubonic form of the disease].
AB  - A case of tularemia in a human patient infected through the sting of a gadfly
      (Tabanus) is described. The causative agent of the disease was isolated from the
      patient with the ulcerobubonic form of the disease by the method of the direct
      inoculation of the contents of the patient's cutaneous effect. The properties of
      the isolated culture were established; the strain thus obtained was classified as
      a representative of the geographical race Francisella tularensis holarctica 01s.
      The causative agent circulating in the human patients was found to be fully
      virulent.

PMID- 6449123
TI  - [Certain problems in developing the Automated Control System for the "Sanitary
      Epidemiologic Service" of the Uzbek SSR].
AB  - The main difficulties of using the subsystem "Records, Accounts and Analysis of
      Morbidity in Infectious Diseases", developed by the Republican Information and
      Computing Center of the Ministry of Health of the Byelorussian SSR for
      integration into the automated control system, under conditions of the Uzbek SSR
      lied in the fact that the number of the coupons of Recond Forms 171-BM for
      computers, several times exceeding that used in the Byelourssian SSR, had to be
      previously handled manually and in a short time.

PMID- 6449124
TI  - [Possibility of using the indirect fluorescent antibody technic to analyze
      immunoglobulins in certain neurogenetic diseases].
AB  - Results of examining the sera of 11 normal donors and 37 patients with various
      neutogenetic diseases using, the Coons indirect immunofluorescence technique are
      presented. The patients' immunoglobulins could be better fixed on nervous tissue
      components than those of the control donors. This seems likely to be due to both
      a rise in the content of serum immunoglobulins and accumulation of specific
      anticerebral antibodies in the patients' blood. It is suggested that in all cases
      of using indirect immunofluorescence the quantitative determination of
      immunoglobulins and serum titration should be carried out.

PMID- 6449125
TI  - [200th anniversary of the Yaroslavl Regional Psychiatric Clinical Hospital].

PMID- 6449126
TI  - Circadian rhythms in plasma levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 4
      androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone of healthy young men.
AB  - Three healthy males (18, 22 and 30 years of age; 85 kg/177 cm, 82 kg/181 cm and
      75 kg/168 cm, respectively), synchronized with a diurnal activity (06.00 to 23.00
      h) and nocturnal rest, volunteered for this study. Blood was sampled (venous
      catheter) hourly during a 24 h span. A radiocompetition method was used for
      cortisol determinations. Other steroids were first extracted (ethyl-ether) from
      each plasma sample, then chromatographed on a celite column to isolate 3
      fractions: 1) delta 4-androstenedione (delta-4); 2) dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA); 3) testosterone (T). A radioimmunological assay was
      used thereafter for the determination of androgenic steroids. Statistically
      significant (both conventional and cosinor methods) circadian rhythms were
      detected (P > 0.005). Acrophases (peak times) occurred in the following order:
      cortisol (07.28), DHA (08.43), delta-4 (09.54), T (11.15) and DHT (16.37). The
      respective circadian amplitudes of DHA and delta-4 were smaller than those of
      cortisol while the amplitudes T and DHT did not show differences statistically
      significant from each other.

PMID- 6449127
TI  - Sebum production and plasma testosterone levels in man after high-dose
      medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment and androgen administration.

PMID- 6449128
TI  - Granulocyte chalone assayed in vivo in the mouse.
AB  - An in vivo system has been developed for estimating the inhibitory activities of
      granulocyte chalone which overcomes the objection to the use of mixed
      proliferating target cells. It depends on the identification of labelled mature
      granulocytes in the peripheral blood of mice that received a radioactive
      precursor of DNA synthesis, with and without granulocyte extracts, several days
      previously. Two extracts of bovine granulocytes were tested. The first
      demonstrated that maximum inhibition was achived when it was given 2 h before the
      isotope, suggesting that its activity was short lived. It also failed to depress
      the labelling index of peripheral lymphocytes, thereby demonstrating tissue
      specificity. The second was used to show that the dose-response relationship was
      exponential.

PMID- 6449129
TI  - Three-dimensional architecture and development of lumber intervertebral discs.
AB  - The three-dimensional architecture of the collagen framework of human lumbar
      intervertebral discs was studied with scanning electron microscopy and polarized
      light microscopy concentrating on the fibrillar interconnection between the
      intervertebral disc and the vertebral bodies. The  fibrillar framework of the
      annulus fibrosus and the cartilage end-plates encircled the nucleus pulposus as a
      closed-pack system in the adult. This closed-pack system developed in the seventh
      embryonic month and was completed by the tenth month. In general, fibrils
      composing the framework in the fetus were thinner than in the adult. There was no
      fibrillar interconnection between the cartilage end-plate and subchondral bone.
      In the inner one-third of the annulus, obliquely oriented fibrillar lamellae
      interconnected with the cartilage end-plate. In the outer two-thirds, the
      fibrillar bundles of the lamellae were firmly anchored into the vertebral bodies.
      This fibrillar anchoring system was already present in the full-term fetus
      although the vertebral rim was not ossified.

PMID- 6449130
TI  - Primary testicular plasmacytoma: a case report.
AB  - A 73-year-old man with a left testicular tumor is presented. Orchiectomy was
      performed and the tumor was diagnosed as a plasmacytoma. There has been no bone
      lesion or immunoglobulin abnormality during a follow-up period more than one
      year. For several reasons, the tumor was regarded as a primary plasmacytoma of
      the testicle. The literature concerning testicular plasmacytoma is reviewed
      briefly.

PMID- 6449131
TI  - Comparison of tranexamic acid (Transamin) and traditional therapy for sudden
      deafness.
AB  - The effectiveness of tranexamic acid treatment for sudden deafness was studied in
      detail. The results of treatment with tranexamic acid administration in 19 cases
      (25 ears) of sudden deafness and two historical control groups using various
      treatments were compared by the chi square contingency test. The data suggested
      that tranexamic acid treatment may be superior to traditional treatments
      especially if treatment is begun early. Among ears treated with tranexamic acid,
      11 ears (44%) were healed or recovered remarkably, 8 ears (32%) recovered
      slightly and 6 ears (24%) were unchanged or worsened. Fibrinolysis in the inner
      ear may be the pathophysiology of sudden deafness. Treatment with tranexamic acid
      starting within 4 days after onset of symptoms was most effective in patients
      whose initial audiogram was flat or concave, initial average hearing loss at 5
      frequencies (250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz) was between 23 dB and
      76 dB (mean; 45.1 dB) and was not accompanied by dizziness.

PMID- 6449132
TI  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): its widespread distribution in discrete
      hypothalamic nuclei and areas in rat brain.
AB  - The precise distribution of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in 23 discrete
      brain nuclei and areas of Wistar strain male rats was determined by specific
      radioimmunoassay. TRH was detected in most of these areas. The highest
      concentration was found in the median eminence (27.52 +/- 2.84 ng/mg protein).
      The arcuate nucleus (4.92 +/- 0.58 ng/mg protein), dorsomedial nucleus (4.77 +/-
      0.59 ng/mg protein) and medial preoptic area (3.94 +/- 0.15 ng/mg protein) also
      contained a considerable concentration of TRH. However, no TRH was detected in
      cerebral cortex, cerebellar hemisphere, anterior pituitary or pineal body. The
      data indicated that TRH was widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus; in
      particular, high concentrations occure in relatively restricted areas: in the
      median eminence, arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and medial preoptic area.
      These areas coincide well with the so-called "thyrotropic" area of the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 6449133
TI  - Bilateral fat necrosis of the breast: report of a case.
AB  - A rare case of bilateral fat necrosis of the breast is reported. The patient was
      a 50-year-old unmarried woman having no history of trauma, disease or surgery of
      the breast. In the bilateral breasts, ill-defined, firm masses with skin
      retraction were noted. Bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed clinically. However,
      both lesions showed histologically chronic granulomatous inflammation with foci
      of fatty necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, lipid containing
      foamy cells, foreign body giant cells engurfing choresterol-crystals, and
      calcification. "Paraffinoma" was thus suspected, but there was no history of
      cosmetic mammoplasty and histochemical studies failed to demonstrate saturated
      lipid indicating paraffin or other mineral oils.

PMID- 6449134
TI  - Treatment of refractory acute leukemia with aclacinomycin-A.
AB  - Twelve patients with refractory acute leukemia (7 patients with acute myelocytic
      leukemia and 5 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia) were treated with a new
      anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin-A (ACM). ACM was administrated by
      intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 20 mg/day for 7 or 14 days and this was
      repeated after at least 7 days. Four of 12 patients (33.3%) achieved a complete
      remission; 3 of 7 acute myelocytic leukemia (42.8%) and 1 of 5 acute lymphocytic
      leukemia (20.0%). The days required for achieving the complete remission ranged
      from 23 to 78 days (median: 61) and the total doses of ACM used from 180 to 500
      mg (median: 310), and the durations of complete remission from 11 to 28+ weeks
      (median: 21+). The untoward effects on digestive organs, such as nausea, vomiting
      and anorexia, and hematological toxicities were frequently seen; however, they
      were controlled by supportive treatment. Alopecia was not observed. Arrythmia was
      recognized in one patient at the initiation of ACM infusion with complete
      remission without withdrawal of ACM. These results suggest that ACM is a
      potentially effective anthracycline antibiotic in the clinical management of
      acute leukemia.

PMID- 6449136
TI  - [Activities of everyday living of the physically disabled].

PMID- 6449135
TI  - Differences in the urinary excretion of steroid metabolites after
      dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate administration, in feminized and non feminized
      cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 6449137
TI  - Plasmapheresis--bloodletting revived and refined.

PMID- 6449138
TI  - Transport of sodium and potassium across the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6449139
TI  - The preparation of non-physical education teachers to teach physical education to
      handicapped students.

PMID- 6449140
TI  - Pros and cons of the "less effort" steering and braking systems for the severely
      handicapped driver.

PMID- 6449141
TI  - Two dimensional echocardiographic recognition of the descending thoracic aorta:
      value in differentiating pericardial from pleural effusions.
AB  - The course of the descending thoracic aorta has recently been visualized with two
      dimensional echocardiography and its presence confirmed with contrast studies. In
      the parasternal short axis view, we used the location of the descending thoracic
      aorta to differentiate pericardial from pleural effusions in 40 patients. Sixteen
      patients, each with an isolated pericardial effusion, had an echo-free space
      between the descending thoracic aorta and left ventricular posterior wall. Nine
      patients, each with an isolated pleural effusion, had an echo-free space
      posterior to the descending aorta. Fifteen patients, each with both a pericardial
      and pleural effusion, had echo-free spaces both between the descending thoracic
      aorta and left ventricular posterior wall and also posterior to the descending
      thoracic aorta. With one exception, all patients had anatomic confirmation of
      these findings. Forty-one patients undergoing cardiac surgery served as controls
      and none had a posterior echo-free space in relation to the descending thoracic
      aorta. At operation, no pericardial or pleural effusion was evident. The location
      of the descending thoracic aorta on two dimensional echocardiography serves as a
      valuable landmark in localizing the pericardial-pleural interface, thereby
      differentiating pericardial from pleural effusions.

PMID- 6449142
TI  - Biventricular hypoplasia with myocardial fiber hypertrophy and disarray.
AB  - A 25 year old woman with effort intolerance and systemic venous congestion since
      childhood, and restrictive ventricular filling and severe atrioventricular (A-V)
      valve regurgitation at cardiac catheterization died after valve replacement
      surgery. At autopsy, the atria were enlarged and thickened; both ventricles were
      small. In some areas the right ventricular wall was only a few myofibers thick.
      The myofibers of both ventricles were hypertrophied, and there was widespread
      fiber disarray in the left ventricular free wall, the interventricular septum
      and, focally, the right ventricular free wall. Because the ventricles were not
      enlarged or thickened despite myocardial fiber hypertrophy and severe chronic A-V
      valve regurgitation, and the myofiber disarray was widespread, this is a very
      unusual case of biventricular hypoplasia and dysplasia.

PMID- 6449143
TI  - Role of dietary lactobacilli in gastrointestinal microecology.

PMID- 6449144
TI  - Mechanisms confining indigenous bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6449145
TI  - Study on lactation performance of Burmese mothers.
AB  - Quantity and proximate composition of breast milk from Burmese mothers of low
      socioeconomic group at three stages of lactation were studied. Protein content
      (total N X 6.38) of breast milk at 1 to 4 months of lactation was significantly
      higher than that of 7 to 12 months but there were no significant differences in
      milk fat, lactose, and energy among three stages of lactation. No significant
      differences in proximate composition of breast milk were observed between well
      nourished and malnourished groups. Potential milk output of mothers belonging to
      well-nourished group was significantly higher than the corresponding values for
      milk intake of infants.

PMID- 6449146
TI  - Nosocomial scalded skin syndrome. Ritter's disease caused by phage group 3
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Three cases of generalized exfoliative staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
      (SSSS) were encountered during a 25-day period in a nursery for premature
      infants. A single strain of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 42E/54/75 (group
      3), was recovered from each of the three infants and from no others. Two of the
      three isolates were tested and both produced epidermolytic toxin (ET). Most cases
      of SSSS have been associated with phage group 2 strains. To our knowledge, this
      is the first report of a nursery outbreak caused by a phage group 3
      staphylococcus. It illustrates that ET production and not phage type
      distinguishes S aureus strains that are associated with SSSS.

PMID- 6449147
TI  - Liver herniation presenting as respiratory distress and cardiomegaly.

PMID- 6449148
TI  - A search for evidence for a paternal age effect independent of a maternal age
      effect in birth certificate reports of Down's syndrome in New York state.
AB  - The discovery that in 20% to 30% of Down's syndrome cases the extra chromosome is
      of paternal origin, and the recent independent report of two groups that maternal
      age-specific rates are two-fold greater for livebirths to couples in which the
      father is aged 55 years and over prompted this investigation. Analyses were of
      coded birth certificate reports of Down's syndrome in Upstate New York residents
      in the years 1963-1974. The expected numbers of cases, on the assumption of no
      paternal age effect, were determined at each paternal age interval (and at each
      paternal age minus maternal age interval) adjusting for an effect of maternal
      age; these were compared with observed values. There was a slightly lower number
      of observed than expected cases for fathers aged 55 years and over (ratio =
      0.76), and the results exclude with 95% confidence an increase of 1.5-fold or
      greater in rates in this group after correction for maternal age. There was,
      moreover, no overall evidence for any trend to increasing rates with paternal
      age. Regression analyses in which the data were first fit to functions of
      maternal age and subsequently terms involving paternal age were introduced also
      revealed no evidence that paternal age made a significant independent
      contribution to the observed rates in contrast to the conclusion of earlier
      positive reports.

PMID- 6449149
TI  - Cumulative injury or disease claims: an attempt to define employers' liability
      for workers' compensation.
AB  - The workers' compensation systems of several states have been expanded in recent
      years to include injuries and diseases caused by cumulative injury and
      occupational stress. This expansion has placed a financial burden on the
      respective systems, on employers, and on consumers, who ultimately must pay the
      cost of claims through higher priced products or services. This expansion may not
      be justified from a social perspective, however; extant medical and sociological
      evidence is not conclusive as to whether occupational-stress injuries or diseases
      -such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and neuropsychiatric
      illness--are the direct result of stressful work environments. Using the
      California workers' compensation system as a model, the authors submit that the
      underlying premises of liability governing the expanded systems should be
      reassessed based (1) on economic factors, specifically, the increasing costs of
      workers' compensation; (2) on the capacity of the system to process an ever
      increasing number of claims; and (3) on the principle on which workers'
      compensation systems were established, that of equity between the employer and
      the employee. On the basis of these three factors, the authors evaluated three
      legislative approaches to restructuring the expanded system: presumption of
      compensability, apportionment of liability, and threshold of compensability. The
      first recognizes that although certain health problems are related to the
      workplace, the degree of causation is difficult to prove; under this approach,
      therefore, causation is presumed, and injury compensated, for all diseases and
      injuries that the system defines as work related. The second holds that where a
      causal relationship between the work and the injury can be proved, the employer
      nevertheless should be responsible only for that portion of the disability
      actually caused by the workplace. The third directs that the injured employee be
      compensated only when a direct causal link between the job and the injury or
      disease can be proved. The authors recommend that legislators implement this
      third alternative. For one reason, it is feasible economically; for a second, it
      would not burden the system or increase litigation; for a third, it is equitable
      to both employees and employers.

PMID- 6449150
TI  - Acquired storage pool deficiency with increased platelet-associated IgG. Report
      of five cases.
AB  - Acquired abnormalities of platelet aggregation have been reported with increasing
      frequency. We studied five patients (including two with systemic lupus
      erythematosus and one with compensated chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura) in whom platelet aggregation responses to collagen, epinephrine and ADP
      are impaired; in all cases, we found that levels of platelet-associated
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) were increased. In all five patients substances stored in
      platelet-dense granules (ATP, ADP, serotonin and calcium) were diminished. The
      content of the alpha-granule substance, beta-thromboglobulin, was also decreased
      in most cases, whereas the levels of two secretable acid hydrolase enzymes (beta
      glucuronidase and beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase) were within normal limits. These
      findings are similar to those observed in subtypes of congenital storage pool
      deficiency. However, in contrast to the congenital disorder, a membrane-bound
      (nonsecretable) acid phosphatase was also decreased in the patients with acquired
      storage pool deficiency. These findings suggest that impaired platelet
      aggregation on an acquired basis may, in some patients, be due to immune platelet
      damage resulting in a distinctive type of platelet storage pool deficiency.

PMID- 6449151
TI  - Prolactin modulation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate secretion.
AB  - To clarify the controversy about the effect of prolactin (PRL) on
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), this study was undertaken to investigate
      the effects of alterations in plasma PRL on plasma DHEA-S concentrations in
      hyperprolactinemic women, as well as in normal male subjects. DHEA-S was measured
      in a group of 21 women with hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea, and amenorrhea
      (PRL:257 +/- 89 ng/ml; mean +/- SEM). In these women, mean plasma concentrations
      of DHEA-S (2.54 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml) were significantly higher (p < 0.005) than
      those in 41 normal control women (1.78 z microgram/ml) and those in a group of 11
      amenorrheic patients (1.77 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml). Eight women with
      hyperprolactinemia were given 5 mg of bromocriptine each day for 4 consecutive
      weeks. Within 1 week of medication, PRL levels fell by 60% (p < 0.05). To test
      whether lowering normal plasma levels of PRL would affect plasma concentrations
      of DHEA-S, five normal male subjects received a 48-hour infusion of dopamine at
      an average rate of 6 microgram/kg/min. Plasma levels of PRL fell by 60% (p <
      0.01) after 8 hours of infusion, and DHEA-S decreased by 27% by 16 hours (p <
      0.05). These data suggest that PRL modulates the secretion of DHEA-S: an increase
      in plasma levels of PRL is correlated with elevated concentrations of DHEA-S,
      whereas a decrease in PRL is followed by a fall in DHEA-S.

PMID- 6449152
TI  - Polyamine metabolism during cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Treatment with thyroxine for 7 days to produce myocardial hypertrophy led to an
      increase in the content of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the rat heart.
      The content of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, the source of the aminopropyl
      groups needed for polyamine synthesis, was increased by the thyroxine treatment
      as were the activities of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases. The
      enhanced S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity measured in vitro was due to
      an increase in the amount of enzyme protein as measured by immunotitration with a
      specific antiserum. In vivo, decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine was,
      therefore, increased both by the increased amount of enzyme protein and by the
      elevated concentration of putrescine (which activates the enzyme) brought about
      by the enhanced ornithine carboxylase activity. Spermine synthase did not change
      significantly during the treatment and spermidine synthase increased only
      slightly. Therefore, the accumulation of polyamines was mediated predominantly
      via the increased availability of both putrescine and decarboxylated S
      adenosylmethionine. Administration of 1,3-diamino-2-propanol led to a rapid
      reduction in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the heart, and continued
      exposure to this substance by its inclusion in the drinking water completely
      prevented the increase in concentration of putrescine and polyamines in response
      to thyroxine. However, cardiac hypertrophy as measured by the increase in cardiac
      mass was not prevented by such treatment with 1,3-diaminopropanol, showing that
      the increased content of polyamines was not essential for the hypertrophic
      response.

PMID- 6449153
TI  - Effect of heart rate on myocardial blood flow in dogs with left ventricular
      hypertrophy.
AB  - Because of the previous suggestion that subendocardial perfusion may be
      inadequate in the hypertrophied heart, this study was carried out to examine the
      response of transmural myocardial blood flow to pacing induced tachycardia in
      dogs with chronic left ventricular hypertrophy. Myocardial hypertrophy, produced
      by banding the ascending aorta of puppies at 5-6 wk of age, resulted in an 87%
      average increase in relative left ventricular mass compared with the control
      dogs. Myocardial blood flow was examined during ventricular pacing at heart rates
      of 100, 200, and 250 beats/min using radionuclide-labeled microspheres. Mean
      blood flow per unit myocardial mass was similar in the two groups of dogs at a
      heart rate of 100 beats/min and increased regularly during pacing in both groups
      of animals. Increasing heart rates did not change the transmural pattern of
      myocardial blood flow in the normal dogs, but in the animals with left
      ventricular hypertrophy pacing at 250 beats/min resulted in a significant
      redistribution of perfusion away from the subendocardium, with the ratio of
      subendocardial/subepicardial blood flow falling from 1.03 +/- 0.08 at 100
      beats/min to 0.83 +/0 0.06 at 250 beats/min (P < 0.01). This redistribution of
      blood flow away from the subendocardium was especially marked in the regions
      encompassing the papillary muscles and the intervening left ventricular lateral
      wall.

PMID- 6449154
TI  - Development of Crotalaria pulmonary hypertension: hemodynamic and structural
      study.
AB  - In awake rats with indwelling catheters, the development of pulmonary
      hypertension after feeding Crotalaria spectabilis seeds is followed. Hypoxemia is
      excluded as a factor. Other hemodynamic changes are found before hypertension.
      After 7 days, pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) is normal, 17.17 +/- 0.30 (SE) mmHg
      and from 14 days significantly increased (P < 0.01). Oxygen consumption (Vo2) is
      significantly increased by day 7 (control 22.72 +/- 2.13 ml . min-1 . kg-1;
      Crotalaria 42.47 +/- 2.95; P < 0.001). and cardiac index (CI) is significantly
      above normal after 7, 14, and 21 days (control 350 +/- 31 ml . min-1 . kg-1; 7
      days Crotalaria 476 +/- 28; P < 0.02); pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
      increases to six times normal at day 33 (control 0.033 +/- 0.003 U/kg; 33 days
      Crotalaria 0.194 +/- 0.020; P < 0.001). The pulmonary arteries of these same rats
      were studied by quantitative morphometric techniques. The first change, muscle in
      smaller and more peripheral arteries than normal, is detected when Vo2 and CI are
      increased. Increased medial thickness of arteries < 200 micrometer diameter
      follows with Ppa rises. Even later, the larger arteries increase their media as
      the number of peripheral arteries falls and right ventricular hypertrophy becomes
      apparent, and hypertension and increased PVR are well established.

PMID- 6449155
TI  - Pseudotumorous form of ascariasis. Report of a case.
AB  - Pathologic study of an abdominal mass removed from a 16-month-old girl revealed a
      marked granulomatous and fibroblastic reaction surrounding eggs and adults of
      Ascaris lumbricoides. As often occurs in such cases, there was an increased
      eosinophilia in the lesion and in the peripheral leukocytes. Both the clinical
      and gross aspects of the lesion simulated a benign neoplasm; this similarity
      justifies the designation "pseudotumorous form of ascariasis".

PMID- 6449156
TI  - Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. VII. Further analysis of
      the interactions between patient sera and lymphocytes during in vitro
      blastogenesis to schistosome antigen preparations.
AB  - The lymphocyte blastogenic responses of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni patients
      were tested in vitro in medium supplemented with either normal human serum or
      patients' serum (either autologous or third party). As expected, when patients'
      lymphocytes were cultured in patient sera, many of them (75--78%) displayed
      reduced responsiveness to schistosome antigens (derived from either the
      cercariae, adult worms or eggs of Schistosoma mansoni), but not to Candida
      albicans extract. For decreased blastogenesis to be manifest, a combination of
      both suppressive sera and suppressible cells was required; however, some patients
      had nonsuppressible cells and not all sera were suppressive. In an attempt at
      classification, four categories of patient responsiveness concerning
      serosuppression are proposed. The categories depend on the suppressive
      capabilities of patient sera and the response of patient lymphocytes to
      suppressive sera. By individually testing the capabilities of each patient's
      lymphocytes and sera in relationship to each antigenic preparation, we were able
      to assign the majority of patient responses to a given category. It is hoped that
      by using these categories, a better understanding of the mechanisms concerning
      serosuppression will be obtained.

PMID- 6449157
TI  - Chronic venosus obstruction as a factor in the early failure of bypass grafts in
      the leg.
AB  - It is suggested that the early failure of bypass grafts in patients with clinical
      evidence of venous hypertension is a result of increased resistance caused by
      venous obstruction. The importance of using autogenous vein grafts in such cases
      is emphasized. One should accept the possibility that arterial reconstruction may
      result in a less successful outcome in patients with chronic venous disease.

PMID- 6449158
TI  - The chronically Ill, handicapped, dying child and his family: need for total care
      and support.
AB  - It is stressed that the best possible medical care is the basic need and an
      absolute pre-requisite for the total care of a family with a chronicall ill,
      handicapped or dying child. However, this is not enough. The family will need
      something more than just strict medical care. This paper is concerned with the
      "something more," stressing the family's need for measures helping them to work
      with the crisis reaction, elicited by the information they have received about
      the child's diagnosis and prognosis. The methods of bringing the family help is
      discussed in relation to the time-schedule of the disorder. The importance of how
      the first information is given is particularly stressed.

PMID- 6449159
TI  - Role of cell--cell interaction in normal and abnormal erythropoiesis.
AB  - A number of studies have demonstrated that certain immunocompetent cells play a
      role in the regulation of normal erythropoiesis. These regulatory cells
      (monocytes--macrophages, lymphocytes) modulate almost every phase of the
      erythropoietic process, and along with erythropoietin represent the major
      controlling force in erythropoiesis. Evidence indicate that pathological
      alterations of these cell-mediated activities can lead to clinical disturbances
      of red cell production such as is seen in patients with Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
      and aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6449160
TI  - Analysis of biological thiols: derivatization with
      monobromotrimethylammoniobimane and characterization by electrophoresis and
      chromatography.

PMID- 6449161
TI  - Quantitative determination of deoxyribonucleic acid from cells collected on
      filters.

PMID- 6449162
TI  - A rapid procedure for assaying nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.

PMID- 6449163
TI  - A continuous spectrophotometric assay for sucrose phosphate synthetase.

PMID- 6449164
TI  - Hyper IgE syndrome: a disease with suppressor T cell deficiency.

PMID- 6449165
TI  - Persistent hog cholera infection detected during virulence typing of 135 field
      isolates.
AB  - During the hog cholera (HC) eradication program in the United States, 135 field
      isolates were characterized by inoculation into specific-pathogen-free pigs. This
      gave origin to the classification of 61 (45%) as high virulent, 37 (27%) as low
      virulent, 29 (22%) as avirulent or immunizing, and 8 (6%) as capable of causing
      persistent infection. The persistent infections caused by the eight isolates were
      of long durtion, lasting in one instance to 152 days. The persistently infected
      pigs remained relatively free of clinical signs of HC but had high concentrations
      of HC virus (HCV) in their blood. When 6 of these pigs were given a second
      inoculation (with the virulent Ames strain of HCV), 2 died while the health
      status of 4 remained unchanged.

PMID- 6449166
TI  - Histochemical observations on muscle from normal and malignant hyperthermia
      susceptible swine.
AB  - A comparison was made of muscle from two locations in both the longissimus and
      the semitendinous muscles of normal and malignant hyperthermia-susceptible swine.
      Serial frozen sections were stained for alkali-stable adenosine triphosphatase
      (ATPase), phosphorylase, and the oxidative enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and
      reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-diaphorase. Myofiber types were
      identified on the basis of these staining reactions. There was no consistent
      statistically significant difference between muscle from normal and muscle from
      susceptible swine with any system of fiber classification. This is contrary to
      several published reports but consistent with physiologic studies which indicate
      that both oxidative and glycolytic pathways are abnormally active during the
      onset of malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 6449167
TI  - Repair of abdominal wall defects: Gore-Tex vs. Marlex graft.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to provide experimental evidence for the role of
      Gore-Tex polytetraflourethylene as an abdominal wall prosthesis. This was
      achieved by evaluating tissue reaction in animals to the plastic and comparing it
      to that of Marlex mesh. Ten Wistar rats received especially prepared Gore-Tex
      implants, and another ten received Marlex. The materials were inserted in a
      fashion that yielded results both intraperitoneally and extraperitoneally. Gross
      and microscopic data were recorded at the time of sacrifice, which ranged from
      two to ten weeks postoperatively. Grossly, both plastics were found to be similar
      in intraperitoneal tissue reaction. Microscopically, all of the Gore-Tex grafts
      retained their original shape and demonstrated focal adherence to the muscle. In
      contrast, strands of Marlex showed disorganization in the host in 90 per cent of
      the specimens and no focal adherence to muscle. Instead, it was seen walled off
      in fibrous tissues. It was concluded that specifically formulated Gore-Tex may
      provide the more suitable abdominal wall prosthesis and that further research is
      necessary.

PMID- 6449168
TI  - Long-term vasodilator therapy in aortic insufficiency. Evidence for regression of
      left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy and improvement in systolic pump
      function.
AB  - Although the beneficial effects of acute therapy with arteriolar dilators in
      aortic insufficiency have been shown, the results of long-term therapy are
      uncertain. The administration of oral hydralazine, 125 mg twice a day, to a 54
      year-old woman with chronic severe aortic insufficiency resulted in sustained
      relief of heart failure symptoms. Repeat catheterization after 14 months showed
      hemodynamic improvement, substantial reduction in left ventricular chamber size
      and muscle mass, and recovery of systolic pump function. Chronic therapy with
      arteriolar dilators may be a useful alternative to valve replacement in selected
      patients with aortic insufficiency.

PMID- 6449169
TI  - Fibroblastic growth factor and infarct size.

PMID- 6449170
TI  - Noise and hearing loss compensation.

PMID- 6449171
TI  - Abdominal wall disfigurement.
AB  - The four deforming elements of the anterior abdominal wall--obesity, intestinal
      distension, gravitation, and muscular diastasis (the abdominal wall tetrad)--are
      described. The first two belong to medicine, and the last two to the surgeon's
      skill. Four degrees of deformity are described. Specific intervention is
      indicated for the correction of each of these degrees of deformity. In no case is
      the operation disabling, nor does it require an exceedingly long recovery time.

PMID- 6449172
TI  - The vastus lateralis muscle flap: technique and applications.
AB  - The vastus lateralis muscle can provide a broad sheet of muscle for repair of
      defects of the lower abdomen, groin, perineum, hip, and ischium. The authors
      limit the use of the vastus lateralis muscle to situations in which more
      traditional techniques are not feasible. This muscle is especially suitable for
      defects involving irradiated tissue, infected bone, or infected prosthetic
      material. Although the vastus lateralis muscle has no cutaneous component, it may
      be used to augment an overlying tensor fascia lata flap.

PMID- 6449173
TI  - Presymptomatic and early detection in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6449174
TI  - Membrane studies in Huntington's disease: steady-state fluorescence studies of
      intact erythrocytes.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that a membrane abnormality may be present in
      Huntington's disease (HD), including peripheral tissues such as erythrocytes.
      Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on intact erythrocytes from
      patients with HD and from normal age- and sex-matched controls. Fluorescent
      probes with known specificity for certain membrane areas were used to survey
      membrane dynamics; these probes included fluorescamine, which binds to primary
      amines on the cell surface, and both 12(9)-anthroyl stearate, 12(9)AS, and 2(9)
      anthroyl stearate, 2(9)AS, which insert at different depths in the hydrocarbon
      core of membranes. In the intact HD erythrocyte, fluorescamine revealed decreased
      polarization, 12(9)AS showed increased polarization, and 2(9)AS showed no
      difference as compared to normal erythrocytes. These studies suggest that
      fluorescamine, attached to primary amines of the cell surface in intact HD
      erythrocytes, has increased rotational mobility whereas the anthroyl moiety of
      12(9)AS in the hydrocarbon interior has decreased rotational mobility. These
      studies thus support the concept of a membrane abnormality in HD.

PMID- 6449175
TI  - Guidelines for preparation of laparoscopic instrumentation.

PMID- 6449176
TI  - Polyglutamylfolate synthesis in Neurospora crassa: changes in pool size following
      growth in glycine- and methionine-supplemented media.

PMID- 6449177
TI  - An X-ray study on the interaction between indole ring and pyridine coenzymes:
      crystal structure of 1-methyl-3-carbamoylpyridinium: indole-3-acetic acid (1:1)
      monohydrate charge-transfer complex.

PMID- 6449178
TI  - Skin pigmentation secondary to minocycline therapy.
AB  - Localized brown to blue-black discoloration of the skin occurred in three
      patients receiving long-term minocycline hydrochloride therapy. Abundant
      perivascular pigmented material was present at all levels of the dermis below the
      upper papillary portion. Histochemical studies demonstrated reactivity with the
      Prussian blue stain and the Fontana-Masson silver technique. The granules were
      brightly refractile by dark-field illumination. Ultrastructurally, there were
      membrane-bound dense intracellular inclusions differing from melanin and iron but
      identical to those known to occur in the thyroid glands of minocycline-primed
      laboratory animals. The abnormal pigment most likely represents a metabolic
      derivative of minocycline.

PMID- 6449179
TI  - Should handicapped children attend ordinary schools?

PMID- 6449180
TI  - Destructive arthritis associated with acne fulminans: a case report.
AB  - Arthralgias have previously been reported in association with acne fulminans, but
      the following case in the first report of osseous lesions associated with this
      disease. The destructive bony lesion was rapid in onset but self-limited.

PMID- 6449181
TI  - Erosive spondylopathy.
AB  - Seven patients with chronic dorsolumbar pain, stiffness and some restriction of
      spinal movements are described. Multiple lesions of the vertebral bodies were
      present. The lesions occurred at various levels and all had similar radiological
      characteristics, often returning to normal after several years. Vertebral changes
      of this type may be seen in patients with ankylosing spondylitis but for a
      variety of cogent reasons presented in this report our patients did not readily
      fall into this diagnostic group. The aetiology of these vertebral lesions is
      unknown but available evidence indicates that they should not be attributed to an
      infectious or neoplastic process.

PMID- 6449182
TI  - A healable filamentous Dacron surgical fabric. Experimental studies and clinical
      experience.
AB  - A strong, lightweight, highly compliant Dacron surgical fabric of warp-knit,
      velour construction has been developed as an outgrowth of research on filamentous
      tubular vascular prostheses. This material has excellent suturability and
      conformability, high preclotting efficiency, and is imprinted with calibration
      marks at 2 cm intervals. Experimentally, iliac artery and descending thoracic
      aorta patch grafts of this material were completely healed 28 days after
      implantation in dogs. Light and electron microscopy showed excellent healing.
      This paper reports clinical results of 119 patches implanted in 109 patients who
      have been followed for a mean of 26.4 months (range: 16--34 months). Of these, 20
      patches were used in arterial reconstructions, and 99 were used in the heart for
      repair of 95 congenital and four acquired defects. The 20 patch angioplasties
      were performed in the carotid artery (four patches), subclavian artery, (one
      patch), common femoral artery, profunda femoris artery, or superficial femoral
      artery (10 patches), and in the popliteal artery (five patches). This new
      surgical fabric is easily adaptable to complex angioplasties and for repair of
      intracardiac abnormalities. No complications intrinsic to the surgical fabric
      have been observed in clinical use of this material in 109 patients.

PMID- 6449183
TI  - Acute ascending aortic dissection.
AB  - Thirty of 33 patients (ages 18-67) with acute dissection of the ascending aorta
      underwent surgical intervention. There were four deaths. There were eight male
      and five female patients and 15 patients were known to be hypertensive. Severe
      chest pain, widened mediastinum (demonstrated radiographically), and varying
      degrees of aortic insufficiency were present in each patient. Heart failure was
      present in 13 patients, numbness and coolness of an extremity in seven patients,
      and central nervous system changes were present in three patients. The diagnosis
      in each instance was confirmed by aortography. Three patients treated
      nonoperatively died during hospitalization following aortic rupture into the
      mediastinum and pericardium. The remaining 30 patients were managed by insertion
      of a woven Dacron((R)) graft sutured distal to the coronary arteries and proximal
      to the origin of the great vessels. This was accompanied with resuspension of the
      aortic valve in 24 patients and valve replacement in six patients. Each of the
      latter six patients had a history of aortic valve disease. The goals of the
      operation were: 1) correction of the accompanying aortic insufficiency, either by
      valve replacement or resuspension of the valve and 2) placement of a prosthetic
      graft into the ascending aorta, thereby obliterating the false lumen and
      preventing involvement of the coronary arteries or rupture into the mediastinum
      or the pericardium. Hypertensive patients were managed pre- and postoperatively
      with nitroprusside and then with propranolol HCI, methyldopa, or hydralazine HCI
      and hydrochlorothiazide. One late death occurred six months after myocardial
      infarction and a second late death occurred from a presumed cardiac arrhythmia.
      One patient had a femorofemoral graft two months after the initial operation and
      another patient has mild aortic insufficiency. It is concluded that prompt
      surgical management is mandatory in acute ascending aortic dissection, and in
      most patients aortic valve competency can be re-established with resuspension of
      the valve preventing the added morbidity associated with a prosthetic valve. Four
      patients have been followed for five years and additional follow-up data will
      better define long-term survival.

PMID- 6449184
TI  - [Intoxication and detoxication of heavy metals by humic acids].
AB  - Humic acids are naturally occurring phenol body polymerisates which form chelate
      compounds with heavy metals. Their wide occurrence in soils and surface waters
      has made them a major reactant to toxic and essential heavy metals in the
      biosphere. Humic acids, by ways of fixation or solution of trace elements or
      change of their own toxicological parameters, may exercise influence on
      ecological circulation, depending on both pH and ion strength of the medium
      concerned. While the detoxicating action of humic acids is likely to play the
      major role in natural ecosystems, their effects on heavy metal ion toxicity to
      experimental animals were found to depend on the technique of application.
      Enzymatically synthesized phenol body polymerisates are considered to be
      appropriate model substances for further studies into correlations between humic
      acids, on the one hand, and heavy metals, on the other.

PMID- 6449185
TI  - [Effect of mercury (II) chloride on hemostasis].
AB  - Haemostatic disorders in rats were recorded by means of thrombolastography,
      following one single intravenous application of 10 mg of mercury dichloride/kg.
      The disorders become manifest initially in the form of hypercoagulation and later
      as a hyperfibrinolytic condition.

PMID- 6449186
TI  - Immediate seeding of enzymatically derived endothelium in Dacron vascular grafts.
      Early experimental studies with autologous canine cells.
AB  - Twenty-eight adult dogs underwent thoracoabdominal bypass with 6-mm double-velour
      Dacron grafts. The experimental grafts were seeded immediately prior to
      implantation with enzymatically harvested endothelial cells. Endothelial cells
      were procured from autologous external jugular vein segments using 0.1% trypsin
      and 0.5% collagenase solutions. Unseeded grafts served as controls. The grafts
      were studied from one to 28 days after implantation. The seeded grafts exhibited
      greater than 80% uniform luminal coverage with endothelial cells at day 28.
      Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to confirm the presence of endothelium. The
      experimental grafts studied at the two time periods of one to seven days and 14
      to 28 days had 94.6% and 88.5% clot-free surfaces, respectively. The control
      grafts studied during similar periods had 81.0% and 40.1% clot-free surfaces.
      These differences were significant at the 14- to 28-day period.

PMID- 6449187
TI  - Prosthetic arterial graft material. Influence on neointimal healing and
      bacteremic infectibility.
AB  - Five commonly used prostheses were compared for susceptibility to bacteremic
      infection: US Catheter and Instrument Co (USCI) Ultralight weight knitted Dacron,
      USCI Sauvage filamentous velour Dacron, Meadox Microvel double velour knitted
      Dacron, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-Impra, and PTFE-Gore-tex. We used 6-mm
      diameter grafts to replace 4-cm segments of the abdominal aorta in 150 mongrel
      dogs. Fifteen dogs were used for each graft type and each healing interval: three
      and six months posttransplantation. At the appropriate time after implantation,
      an intravenous infusion of 10(8) organisms of Staphylococcus aureus was
      administered to the ten experimental dogs in each graft type; five dogs of each
      graft type served as sterile controls. Three weeks later, the grafts were
      aseptically removed, inspected for the completeness of neointimal healing, and
      cultured for bacteria. At three months, the Sauvage graft achieved the lowest
      infection rate (10%) with the highest incidence of complete neointimal lining
      (71%). In the six-month series, there were no statistical differences between the
      knitted Dacron prostheses, but all Dacron grafts were superior to the PTFE grafts
      with regard to susceptibility to bacteremic infection and completeness of intimal
      lining.

PMID- 6449188
TI  - Morphological and biochemical criteria for evaluating cytotoxic effects of
      antiviral substances.
AB  - To evaluate the cytotoxicity of antiviral substances in a primary screening
      programme both biological (viability and alterations of cell morphology) and
      biochemical methods. (51Cr release) are recommended. Because of their different
      sensitivities the examination of primary as well as permanent cell lines is
      necessary.

PMID- 6449189
TI  - [Outstanding contribution of the works of Avicenna to the history of anatomy (on
      the occasion of the 1,000th anniversary of the birth of Avicenna)].

PMID- 6449190
TI  - [Avicenna on the musculoskeletal system].
AB  - A great scientist encyclopaedist of the Middle ages Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
      in his brillant work "Cannon of medical science" systematized and interpreted the
      achievments of medical sciences, made his contribution into medical theory and
      practice. If we take together all the data on bones and muscles presented by him
      in his "Cannon of medical science" and arrange them in the sequence they are
      given in the body, a graceful systematized table of scientific knowlege on bones
      and muscles--a prototype of future osteology and myology will be obtained. In the
      "Canon of medical science" sources of the functional trend in morphology are
      layed: structure of the osseous and muscular systems is closely connected with
      the practical medicine. In his work Ibn Sina gives a correct and precise
      description of anatomical structure of the osseous system and bone functions, and
      the muscular system, in particular. A thorough study of the "Canon of medical
      science" clearly demonstrates that Ibn Sina made a great contribution, for his
      time, into the development of anatomy, not only successfully followed his
      predecessors, but greatly extended their scientific researches and corrected
      their errors.

PMID- 6449191
TI  - [The importance of regional akinesis of the left ventricle in the development of
      apical aneurysm].

PMID- 6449192
TI  - [Progressive occlusive disease of cerebral arteries associated with Down's
      syndrome. Report of a case].
AB  - The case of a 5 years old child with association of "moyamoya" and Down syndrome
      with permeability of internal carotid, of medial and anterior cerebral arteries
      is reported. The authors postulate the possibility of a microcirculatory disorder
      in view of the distal lesion including the action of any unknown substance which
      constrictive action could explain the bilaterality and distribution of the
      alterations.

PMID- 6449193
TI  - Inexpensive techniques for the production and maintenance of gnotobiotic piglets,
      calves and lambs.
AB  - An inexpensive system was developed for the routine derivation and maintenance of
      gnotobiotic piglets, calves and lambs. Isolator chambers to house these animals
      were welded in the laboratory from flexible, clear polyvinylchloride film. The
      isolators consisted of either a simple, closed cylindrical chamber, or for the
      larger animals, a fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) tub surmounted by a
      flexible film canopy. The isolators were adaptable for a variety of purposes and
      most components were interchangeable between isolators. The assembled isolators
      were sterilised with peracetic acid. Over 300 gnotobiotic piglets, 29 gnotobiotic
      calves and 18 gnotobiotic or specific pathogen free lambs have been reared
      successfully by these techniques. Six colostrum deprived foals and a litter of
      conventional puppies have been successfully maintained in microbial isolation in
      these isolators. The FRP tub base isolators also proved suitable for housing
      gnotobiotic weaner piglets. No viral or bacterial cross contamination was
      detected between isolators housing experimentally infected animals.

PMID- 6449194
TI  - National conference for mothers who have given birth to disabled children.

PMID- 6449195
TI  - Hong Kong plans a better life for disabled.

PMID- 6449196
TI  - Carnitine content of skeletal muscle from diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic
      rats.

PMID- 6449197
TI  - Reconstitution of ATPase from the isolated subunits of coupling factor F1's of
      Escherichia coli and thermophilic bacterium PS3.

PMID- 6449198
TI  - Glycogen-binding protein components of rat tissues.

PMID- 6449199
TI  - Specificity of synexin-induced chromaffin granule aggregation.

PMID- 6449200
TI  - Inelastic light scattering studies of solutions of the chloroplast coupling
      factor (CF1) at high and low ionic strength.

PMID- 6449201
TI  - Phosphorylation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by a calcium-activated,
      phospholipid-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 6449202
TI  - Intimate coupling of creatine phosphokinase and myofibrillar
      adenosinetriphosphatase.

PMID- 6449203
TI  - Effects of dibucaine in pyruvate and ketone-body transport in isolated rat heart
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6449204
TI  - Impromidine, a potent inhibitor of histamine methyltransferase (HMT) and diamine
      oxidase (DAO).

PMID- 6449205
TI  - Fixed combination mezlocillin/oxacillin injected intramuscularly. Comparative
      study of local tolerability compared with ampicillin and determination of
      effectiveness and tolerability in the treatment of surgical and urinary tract
      infections.
AB  - The results of two studies on tolerability and efficacy of mezlocillin/oxacillin
      are reported. The pain caused by i.m. injection of 1 g (20% solution) of the
      fixed antibiotics combination mezlocillin/oxacillin is compared with that caused
      by 1 g ampicillin. The injection volume was 5 ml. The statistical analysis of the
      patients' statements indicates a better tolerance of the fixed antibiotics
      combination mezlocillin/oxacillin than of ampicillin. The second study was
      determined the clinical efficacy and tolerability of mezlocillin/oxacillin in the
      treatment of wound infections, biliary tract infections, urinary tract
      infections, appendicitis and peritonitis. 19/20 patients were clinically cured
      after about 7 days o treatment with i.m. injections of 1.5 g
      mezlocillin/oxacillin in 6 ml of a 25% aqueous solution t.i.d. Treatment had to
      be discontinued after 3 days in one case because of a generalized exanthema. No
      other side effects were reported. These studies show that both the i.m. injection
      o the 20% solution of 1 g mezlocillin/oxacillin combination and the 25% solution
      of 1.5 g of this combination are tolerated without problems.

PMID- 6449206
TI  - [Study of substances analagous to dimaprit affecting gastric secretion in vitro].
AB  - In the present paper the authors describe the effects of Dimaprit analogs on
      guinea pig gastric mucosa "in vitro". This preparation, widely described by
      Holton and Spencer, is useful for studying the actions of stimulants and
      inhibitors which act directly on the oxyntic cells. Such compounds are weakly
      active as stimulants of H2-receptors and studied as antagonists fail in
      inhibiting acid secretion evoked by Dimaprit, the most specific H2-receptors
      agonist. In particular, the compound marked Ros 5 clarifies that the isothiourea
      group of Dimaprit simulates the amidine system only chemically but not
      pharmacologically. The different mechanism of Dimaprit and Histamine on H2
      receptors has been discussed.

PMID- 6449207
TI  - [Neuronal development of the fetal and infantile period: 1. Visual cortex in the
      normal and chromosomal aberrations (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449208
TI  - Non-invasive diagnosis of subpulmonary outflow tract obstruction.
AB  - We have studied the echocardiographic and phonocardiographic findings in 18
      patients with obstruction to ventricular outflow at subpulmonary valve level. The
      aetiology was congenital in 13 patients, a result of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      in three, and infiltration of the right ventricular outflow tract by glycogen or
      lymphoma in the remaining two. Abnormal systolic motion of the pulmonary valve,
      fluttering, and early or midsystolic closure were seen in 16 of 17 patients in
      whom the cusps were visualised. Normal pulmonary valve motion was found in one
      patient with coexisting pulmonary valve stenosis. In congenital infundibular
      stenosis the delay of the pulmonary component of the second heart sound (P2) was
      related to the severity of the obstruction. A pulmonary ejection sound, defined
      as a high-frequency sound occurring at the moment of full pulmonary valve
      opening, was absent except in the patient with coexisting pulmonary valve
      stenosis. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction to the right
      ventricular outflow, the ejection systolic murmur was softer with inspiration, a
      finding that contrasts with the respiratory variation seen with fixed
      obstruction. Recognition of these abnormalities should allow an accurate non
      invasive diagnosis to be made and permit assessment of severity when P2 can be
      recorded.

PMID- 6449209
TI  - Cardiac performance in hypertension re-evaluated through a combined haemodynamic
      ultrasonic method.
AB  - From echocardiographic measurements, 39 patients with established, uncomplicated
      primary hypertension (diastolic pressure > 100 mmHg) were classified as follows:
      normal-sized heart (group 1, 10 cases); concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
      (group 2, 18 cases); left ventricular hypertrophy and cavity enlargement (group
      3, 11 cases). Eighteen age-matched healthy subjects were investigated as a
      control group. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure increased progressively
      from group 1 to 2 to 3. Left ventricular function, assessed from the relation
      between diastolic diameter and stroke index, was maintained in group 1, increased
      in group 2 (in spite of the greater pressure load), and reduced in group 3, in
      comparison with controls. Similarly, the mean velocity of circumferential fibre
      shortening (VCF) was normal in group 1, significantly increased in group 2, and
      reduced in group 3. It was impossible to discern whether the different behaviour
      of VCF in group 2 and in group 3 reflected opposite changes in ventricular
      contractility, or in wall stress during ejection, or in both. At variance with
      previous conclusions (which were based on utilisation of electrocardiographic and
      chest x-ray criteria to define hypertrophy) it is suggested that left ventricular
      concentric hypertrophy in man consequent to sustained hypertension is associated
      with an improved function. Whether this feature depends upon an augmented
      contractility or a ventricular unloading effect related to hypertrophy remains
      uncertain.

PMID- 6449210
TI  - Regurgitation during laparoscopy.

PMID- 6449211
TI  - Neonatal acne vulgaris: a possible feature of the fetal hydantoin syndrome.
AB  - A baby with the fetal hydantoin syndrome was found to have acne vulgaris of the
      face. Hydantoin taken by epileptic women during pregnancy may cause neonatal acne
      in the offspring.

PMID- 6449212
TI  - Oral retinoids--present status.

PMID- 6449213
TI  - Immunopathological studies on rosacea.
AB  - Seven patients with papulo-pustular rosacea were investigated with
      immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. Indirect IF has been performed also with
      antibodies eluted from circulating lymphoid cells. Besides confirming the data in
      the literature on the positivity of the basal zone, anticollagen antibodies were
      found, and eluted antinuclear antibodies were detected against nuclei of cells in
      the epidermis and dermis, namely, scattered dermal, endothelial and eccrine duct
      cells.

PMID- 6449214
TI  - Rosacea, metronidazole and pregnancy.

PMID- 6449215
TI  - The prethrombotic state.

PMID- 6449216
TI  - Comparative studies on human activators of plasminogen.
AB  - Agents activating human plasminogen have been prepared from a variety of human
      sources, namely plasma, blood vessel endothelium and tissue. Their physical and
      functional properties have been found to differ from that of the urinary
      activator, urokinase. Antiserum to urokinase, while it quenched the activity of
      urokinase itself, had no effect on the activity of the plasma, endothelial or
      tissue activators.

PMID- 6449217
TI  - Laparoscopic sperm recovery in infertile women.
AB  - Sperm recovery from the peritoneal fluid was attempted in a group of infertile
      women in whom it was anticipated that all routine investigations would be normal
      (commonly referred to as 'normal infertiles'). Forty-four couples were recruited
      into the study but in retrospect only 24 met the study criteria of normal semen,
      normal pelvis and appropriate timing. In 15 of these 24 patients, spermatozoa
      were covered from the peritoneal fluid, and so far seven have become pregnant. In
      the nine patients where spermatozoa were not recovered, none have so far become
      pregnant. There was no correlation between sperm recovery and the quality of the
      post-insemination cervical mucus examination. This test allows more accurate
      assessment of the ability of spermatozoa to reach the site of fertilization.

PMID- 6449218
TI  - Laparoscopic follow-up of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Laparoscopy with cytology of ascitic fluid or peritoneal washings was performed
      on 110 occasions in 62 patients with ovarian cancer to assess response to
      chemotherapy. Damage to bowel occurred on three occasions and complete
      visualisation of the peritoneal cavity was not possible in 14 patients. When
      tumour was seen and/or cytology was positive, the prognosis was poor; absence of
      macroscopic tumour with negative cytology did not preclude continuing disease. A
      group of patients was identified in whom a change of therapy based on
      laparoscopic findings after six months of treatment, might have proven
      beneficial. Laparoscopy has a limited place as a second-look procedure in
      patients undergoing treatment for carcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 6449219
TI  - Cholesteryl glucoside in Candida bogoriensis.
AB  - Extraction of lipids with CHCl3/CH3OH/1 M HCl from fresh and frozen cells of
      Candida bogoriensis showed the presence of a steryl glucoside. The product was
      purified and identified as a beta-cholesteryl glucoside. It hydrolyzes in
      methanolic HCl and therefore it is a steryl glucoside. The quantitation of the
      extracted cholesteryl glucoside was pursued with high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. The chemical ionization mass spectra of the isolated and the
      synthesized beta-cholesteryl glucosides were compared and found identical. The
      cell wall of Candida bogoriensis was weakened with enzyme (glusulase) and after
      homogenisation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, five layers
      separated. Only the pellets of one layer showed the presence of cholesteryl
      glucoside in thin-layer chromatography after extraction with solvents. In the
      same layer, the activity of sterol glucosyl transferase was found.

PMID- 6449220
TI  - Significance of tryptophan residues in the D-domain of the fibrin molecule in
      fibrin polymer formation.
AB  - The modification of fibrin monomer with H2O2 caused reduction of the association
      activity of fibrin monomer. The association activity was not reduced even by
      modification of approx. 16 out of the total 64 tryptophan residues in the fibrin
      molecule; it was then abolished by further modification of the following several
      residues. Fragment D obtained by proteolysis of fibrinogen with plasmin,
      inhibited the association activity of fibrin monomer and the modification of
      approx. six out of the total 21 tryptophan residues in the fragment led to the
      complete loss of the inhibitory effect. It was concluded from these studies that
      about six tryptophan residues in the D-domain of fibrin are important for the
      association of fibrin monomer.

PMID- 6449221
TI  - Effects of heavy metals in combination with NTA, humic acid, and suspended
      sediment on natural phytoplankton photosynthesis.

PMID- 6449222
TI  - Laparoscopy in general surgery and gastroenterology.

PMID- 6449223
TI  - A comparison of cinobufotenine (the quaternary derivative of 5-HT) and some
      related compounds with coryneine (the quaternary derivative of dopamine) on the
      frog rectus, guinea-pig ileum and rat fundus strip preparations.
AB  - 1 Coryneine is 2.7 times as active as cinobufotenine on the frog rectus but on
      the guinea-pig ileum cinobufotenine is 1.5 times as active as coryneine.
      Cinobufotenine is a potent stimulant of parasympathetic ganglia and its effect
      are competitively antagonized by hexamethonium. 2 The effects of pH on activity
      relative to a standard whose ionisation is constant (Me4+N or the
      trimethylammonium analogue of tryptamine) are consistent with the phenate form
      being weaker than the phenolic form but the changes are smaller than with
      coryneine because cinobufotenine is a weaker acid. 3 The hydroxyl group makes a
      large contribution to activity. Cinobufotenine is 9 times as active as the
      analogue without a hydroxyl on the frog rectus and 12 times as active as it on
      the ileum. The 5-methoxy analogue is an antagonist on the frog rectus and a very
      weak partial agonist on the ileum. 4 Cinobufotenine and the quaternary derivative
      of tryptamine have less than one-thousandth of the activity of 5
      hydroxytryptamine on the rat fundus strip.

PMID- 6449224
TI  - Attenuation of pethidine-induced antinociception by zimelidine, an inhibitor of 5
      hydroxytryptamine reuptake.
AB  - 1 The effect of selective inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) re-uptake by
      fluoxetine and zimelidine on morphine- and pethidine-induced antinociception was
      studied in rats. The hot plate (55 degrees C) and tail flick test procedures for
      measurement of analgesia were employed to assess antinociception. 2 Pretreatment
      with fluoxetine and zimelidine potentiated the antinociceptive effect of morphine
      (4.5 mg/kg, as base); zimelidine was without effect on a lesser dose of morphine
      (3.0 mg/kg, as base). 3 Pretreatment with zimelidine but not fluoxetine,
      significantly attenuated pethidine-induced antinociception (24 mg/kg, as base)
      and prevented the expression of pethidine-induced antinociception at a lesser 10
      mg/kg (as base) dose of pethidine. 4 These and other results support (a) a role
      for 5-HT in the expression of morphine-induced antinociception, and (b) a
      different mode of antinociceptive action of morphine and pethidine. The role of 5
      HT in pethidine-induced antinociception remains unclear.

PMID- 6449225
TI  - Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate scanning in Thompson hemiarthroplasties.
AB  - Fourteen patients who had had Thompson hemiarthroplasties at least ten months
      previously were scanned using 555 MBq (15mCi) 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate. No
      hips were infected, the control group of eight firmly fixed prostheses showed a
      weak diffuse uptake pattern whilst five of six patients with loose prostheses
      showed a characteristic focal distribution of increased uptake.

PMID- 6449226
TI  - Sequential use of technetium 99m MDP and gallium 67 citrate imaging in the
      evaluation of painful total hip replacement.
AB  - Fourteen patients with 20 total hip joint replacements were studied for 14
      painful prosthetic hips. Clinical examination, plain film radiographs and 99Tcm
      MDP bone scans failed to differentiate between infection and mechanical loosening
      of a prosthesis. Sequential use of 99Tcm-MDP and 67Ga-citrate bone scans were
      performed in an attempt to discover underlying infectious process. Increased
      focal uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals over the same hip indicated an
      infectious process responsible for prosthetic loosening. There were no false
      positive gallium examinations. Sequential use of 99Tcm-phosphate compounds and
      67Ga-citrate is recommended for differentiation between mechanical loosening of a
      prosthesis and loosening of a prosthesis secondary to an infectious process.

PMID- 6449227
TI  - Seating the disabled.

PMID- 6449228
TI  - Site of origin of calcium spike in frog muscle spindle.
AB  - In order to define the site of origin of the calcium spike along the sensory
      nerve terminal of the frog muscle spindle, changes in the amplitude of the spikes
      during long-lasting polarizations of the nerve terminal were compared with those
      of full-sized and abortive spikes which occurred spontaneously. The amplitude of
      the calcium spikes superimposed on a spindle potential was not modifiable by
      application of polarizing currents of 6 nA or less, as well as that of the
      abortive spikes; while the amplitude of the full-sized spikes depended upon the
      polarizations. These results suggest that the calcium spikes may initiate along
      the non-myelinated filaments, as in the abortive spike, in contrast with the full
      sized spikes to generate at the terminal node of the myelinated axon.

PMID- 6449229
TI  - [Biochemical aspects of myelinogenesis in the peripheral nervous system].
AB  - The excised sciatic nerve of the trembler mouse synthesizes minute amounts of C20
      and C22 saturated fatty acids as compared to the normal PNS. No lignoceric acid
      synthesis is observed. The microsomal fraction contains however an elongase able
      to synthesize with nearly normal levels the saturated very long chain fatty
      acids.

PMID- 6449230
TI  - [Pathology of myelin; a biochemical approach].
AB  - In the sciatic nerves of the Trembler mouse, considered as a good model for the
      study of the hereditary hypertrophic neuropathies, the levels of the different
      classes of lipids, of alkanes and of very long chain fatty acids are reduced.
      Those of cholesterol esters and lysophosphatidylcholine are increased.

PMID- 6449231
TI  - [Origin of non-essential cerebral fatty acids: in situ synthesis and exogenous
      intake (influence of nutritional factors)].
AB  - Fatty acids, saturated and monounsaturated of any chain length are synthesized in
      the brain through different enzymatic mechanisms, with different pathways located
      in various subcellular particles in defined cells. However when comparising in
      vitro results and fatty acids used by brain during its development, it is
      concluded that this organ only synthesized aprox. 60% of the fatty acids it
      needs. Thus exogenous origin does occur, from blood or even from diet, as shown
      by using labeled tracing molecules and analysis of under-nutritioned animals
      (intra-uterine hypotrophy).

PMID- 6449232
TI  - [Determination of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia and its
      treatment by plasma exchange and immunosuppressants].
AB  - Recent works have confirmed the auto immune mechanism in myasthenia gravis, that
      Simpson had hypothetized early as 1960. A post synaptic blockage, of which Ach-R
      antibodies seem to be chiefly responsible, is now accepted though the exact
      pathogenesis remains unknown. The immuno assay of these antibodies is still
      difficult; their blood level evaluates the course of the disease and the
      effectiveness of the treatment. The withdrawal of the antibodies by plasma
      exchange (P.E.) and the inhibition of their secretion by immunosuppression (I.S.)
      lead to remission in many cases. Principle of the immuno assay and results of
      P.E. and I.S. are reported in 21 cases.

PMID- 6449233
TI  - [Reaction of the interior lobes of the lung to the inhalation of mineral fibers].
AB  - Exposure to airborn fibres is an important health problem in man. Asbestos fibres
      (chrysotile, amphiboles) are the most frequently used; but, recently the same
      health problems were observed with other fibres (zeolite, glass fibres). The
      effects of inhaled fibres at the level of the respiratory system are related to
      the types of fibres and to the penetration and biological reactivity into the
      alveolar spaces. Two types of diseases can be observed: lung and pleural fibrosis
      and lung and pleural cancer. Actually, the size of fibres is a major point for
      these effects, the longest and thinnest fibres being the most dangerous. However,
      recent data with acid treated chrysotile indicate that the chemical composition
      must also intervene.

PMID- 6449234
TI  - [Biological activity of fibers in vitro and in vivo].
AB  - Understanding of the biological effects of fibres has been archievied due to a
      large number of in vitro (cytotoxicity on free cells) and experimental studies.
      However, the basic mechanisms are still unknown. Results showed that fibres act
      on various levels, nuclear, metabolic, immunologic or molecular.

PMID- 6449235
TI  - [Metabolic studies on isolated hepatocytes of the rat. Examples of application to
      various physico-pathological problems].
AB  - Isolated hepatocytes offer many advantages. Many experiments can be realized with
      homogeneous cells. Furthermore, if a pathological state or a nutritional
      deficiency are induced in the whole animals, freshly isolated hepatocytes can be
      used to evaluate the consequences of such treatment. Gluconeogenesis was studied,
      using isolated hepatocytes of high protein diet fed rats, partial magnesium
      deficient rats and streptozotocin diabetic rats Asialoglycoprotein uptake by
      isolated hepatocytes of normal. streptozotocin diabetic rats with and without
      insulin treatment was also measured.

PMID- 6449236
TI  - [Effects of dichloroacetate and 2-chloropropionate on carbohydrate metabolism of
      isolated hepatocytes. Therapeutic applications].
AB  - In isolated hepatocytes, dichloroacetate directly activates pyruvate
      dehydrogenase whereas its biotransformation product, oxalate, inhibits pyruvate
      carboxylase and pyruvate kinase. Dichloroacetate, which decreases blood lactate
      very efficiently, has been sucessfully tested in the acute treatment of
      congenital lactic acidosis, but its transformation into oxalate and potential
      chronic toxicity prompt to replace it by 2-chloropropionate as a therapeutic
      agent.

PMID- 6449237
TI  - [Demonstration of anti-pancreatic cellular immunity in insulin-dependent
      diabetics].
AB  - A significant inhibition of insulin response was found after incubation of islet
      cells with blood lymphocytes from 18 out 20 insulin-dependent diabetics. No
      inhibition was found in 22 control subjects.

PMID- 6449238
TI  - [Lipid metabolism in the newborn genetically obese (fa/fa) rat].
AB  - Compared to its lean litter mate (Fa/--) the Zucker rat (fa/fa) develops obesity
      without hyperphagia in the first week of lite. It is characterized by adipocyte
      hypertrophy and higher lipid content in adipose tissue. In vitro utilization as
      well as in vitro oxidation by diaphragm of palmitic acid was decreased in 1 week
      old Zucker rat.

PMID- 6449239
TI  - [Role of pancreatic enzymes in the intraluminal transport and ileal absorption of
      vitamin B 12 (Cb 1)].
AB  - The present paper outlines the classical concepts of transport and absorption of
      vitamin B12 and discusses findings which provide new insight into the important
      role of pancreatic enzymes in the absorption of the vitamin B12. In vivo
      experiments with healthy subjects and patients with exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency demonstrate that the pancreatic enzymes do not activate "the
      precursor" intrinsic factor molecule but solely dissociate vitamin from the
      inactive R type proteins with a consequent coupling to the biologically active
      intrinsic factor.

PMID- 6449240
TI  - [Transferrin, somatomedins and growth].
AB  - Plasma transferrin is significantly positively correlated to the growth velocity
      in normal children and children with various growth disorders. In hypopituitary
      dwarfs, both plasma transferrin and somatomedin are significantly lower than in
      controls. Acute variations of the plasma transferrin levels could be involved in
      the regulation of the GH secretion by a feedback mechanism. Yet, transferrin is
      neither a somatomedin or a somatomedin-binding protein, and the mechanisms
      relating growth to transferrin remain unknown.

PMID- 6449241
TI  - [Structural dynamics of proteins and their functions].
AB  - Studies in crystals as well as in solution now permit to show the structural
      flexibility of proteins, the stereo-chemical changes accompanying their activity,
      and to start the investigation of the functional aspects of such dynamics.

PMID- 6449242
TI  - [Interactions of cytosol enzymes with the red blood cell membrane].
AB  - It is not dubious that the regulation of erythrocyte metabolism occurs across the
      membrane and that accordingly interactions between cytosolic enzymes and membrane
      components necessarily exist. Several aspects of such relationships were
      reviewed. The results of some experiments carried out in non-physiological
      conditions should be carefully interpreted. However it can be accepted that some
      enzymes undergo reciprocal translocations between cytosol and membrane and that
      very probably these transfers play a role in the control of metabolic regulation
      in the red cell.

PMID- 6449243
TI  - [The complement system and its biological activities].
AB  - The complement system is a non specific humoral defence mechanism which can be
      triggered by various effectors : immune-complexes, extrinsic proteases, bacterial
      cell-wall polysaccharides, viral membranes. Different peptides or multimolecular
      complexes are formed by a cascade of proteolytic cleavages; they take an active
      part in the inflammatory response and may contribute to different pathological
      manifestations.

PMID- 6449244
TI  - [Frequency response of arterial bioelastomers].
AB  - This work aims at estimating the quality of arterial bioelasticity. The non
      invasive employed method consists to obtain phase spectrum of blood flow velocity
      and arterial pressure. An original transducer allows us to obtain these signals
      at the same point of a superficial artery then to record them on magnetic tape. A
      mathematical model binds the phase spectrum and rheological parameters.

PMID- 6449245
TI  - [Preliminary study of the synthesis, plasma circulation and urinary elimination
      of melatonin in man and the rat].
AB  - A structural immunochemical study has shown that fixation of melatonin on bovine
      serum albumin by formaldehyde occurs via reaction of both an indole NH group and
      the side chain, allowing extremely specific antibody production. Isotopic in
      vitro investigations and radioimmunological estimation of this hormone in man and
      in the rat shows that it is transported by plasmatic albumin in a 1/10(6) ratio
      and is eliminated in the urine as native material, 6-hydroxy melatonin and as an
      as yet unidentified metabolite.

PMID- 6449246
TI  - [Growth factors and cell cultures: a new approach for research in ophthalmology].
AB  - Tissue culture technology applied to ophtalmology has produced an extensive
      knowledge of ocular cell physiology. In this work, we review the various factors
      known to control proliferation and differentiation in lens epithelial cells and
      corneal endothelial cells. We discuss the role of a new ocular growth factor that
      we discovered in the retina and whose ubiquitous distribution suggests that it
      could be involved in tissue-tissue interactions.

PMID- 6449247
TI  - [Human lymphocyte receptors for the Fc ends of IgG].
AB  - Receptors for Fc IgG can be demonstrated by the binding of aggregated IgG or
      erythrocyte-IgG antibody complexes (EAG) onto subsets of B, T and "nul"
      lymphocytes. Among such cells are the effectors of antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytoxicity, and suppressor T cells. The binding of insoluble complexes
      induces a reversible modulation of the receptors associated with impaired
      proliferative T cell responses and transient inhibition of IgM receptors
      expression by adjacent T cells. Soluble receptors for Fc IgG bear a membrane
      binding site; they inhibit in vitro B cell differentiation induced by-T-dependent
      or T-independent polyclonal B cell activators.

PMID- 6449248
TI  - [Cytochemical and autoradiographic ultrastructural study of the hairy cell].
AB  - The ribosomal nature of the Hairy cell's Ribosome lamella Complex is given by
      cytochemical ultrastructural reactions. Using Autoradiography after tritiated
      uridine incubation no labelling was observed on the nucleolus and in the ribosome
      lamella Complex. Abnormalities in protein synthesis are thus demonstrated.

PMID- 6449249
TI  - [Suppressor cells and factor of the allogeneic proliferative response in man].
AB  - During multiple in vitro allosensitisations of human lymphocytes, suppressor
      cells of the allogenic response are developed. They are radioresistant and
      specific to the HLA-DR presented by the stimulators, and adherent to nylon and
      glass wool, while cytotoxic cells are not. Moreover when irradiated, these
      hyperimmunized cells are able to release a suppressor factor (SF). This
      suppressor factor is non antigen specific and active on the autologous producer
      and some allogenic responders. There is a restriction phenomenon, the genetic
      control of which is not yet defined. The dominant effect of multiple transfusions
      on kidney graft survival could be explained in part by a similar cellular
      mechanism.

PMID- 6449250
TI  - [Genetic, biochemical and functional study of the H-Y antigen in man].
AB  - H-Y antigen, first described as a male minor transplantation antigen, is
      unvarying associated with testicular differentiation, more than the presence of Y
      chromosome. The weak reactivity of anti H-Y serum needs quantitative and very
      sensitive tests to detect presence or absence of H-Y. This antigen may act as an
      hormone, to induce testicular differentiation of target cells, bearing a specific
      receptor at their surface. The relationship between an H-Y molecule
      immunologically defined by its antigenicity and H-Y factor defined by its
      function to induce testicular organogenesis must be determined.

PMID- 6449251
TI  - [Chromosomal changes in evolution and in pathology: analysis of pericentric
      inversions].
AB  - The great similarities between pericentric inversions observed in human
      pathology, having occurred during evolution, or radio-induced in human cells,
      indicate that they do not occur at random. About 1/3rd to 1/4th of these
      chromosomal rearrangements are capable to induce abnormal progeny after aneusomy
      of recombination, during meiosis.

PMID- 6449252
TI  - [Recent data on antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, or the ADCC phenomenon].
AB  - A review of the recent literature on ADCC affords strong evidence that this
      cytotoxicity phenomenon, discovered fortuitously in 1965, can no longer be
      considered only a laboratory curiosity. It is, in fact, more than probable that
      ADCC is involved in most defense mechanisms of the individual from allograft
      immunity and antitumoral defense to the resistance of the host against most
      pathogens.

PMID- 6449253
TI  - [Immunohistological study of cell differentiation in human gastro-intestinal
      cancers].
AB  - Using Immunofluorescence, we are able to reveal in the normal adult
      gastrointestinal tract well differentiated mucus cells which are specialized in
      the synthesis of one type of antigens called M. Mucus cells of surface epithelium
      show M1 antigens, those of gastric and intestinal glands respectively M2 and M3
      antigens. In the Fetus, immature mucus cells contain two type of M antigens:
      either M1M2 (Stomach) or M1M3 (colon). Certain histological types of
      gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas as well as digestive precancerous lesions show
      such "fetal type" associations which appear as modifications of cell
      differenciation associated with malignant process.

PMID- 6449254
TI  - [Comparative level of magnesium in red and white human erythrocyte ghosts].

PMID- 6449255
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of adenohypophysis cells reacting with antibodies
      against peptides of the opiocortine group in rock squirrels (Citellus variegatus
      Erxleben)].
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti-1-24ACTH, anti-17-39ACTH, anti
      alpha and anti-beta endorphins, anti-beta LPH sera has allowed us to detect a
      cellular type in the anterior lobe of the Rock squirrel (Citellus variegatus)
      which react simultaneously with these five antisera. These cells are localized in
      the whole pars distalis and appeared either in clusters or dispersed;
      immunoreactive cells are regularly disposed along the pituitary cleft. Some cells
      of the intermediate lobe react with anti-1-24ACTH, anti-17-39ACTH and anti-beta
      LPH antisera, but not all these cells react with anti-endorphins antisera.

PMID- 6449256
TI  - [Viability criteria of islets of Langerhans isolated and purified using Ficoll].
AB  - Rejection of islet allografts is generally explained by immunologic problems, due
      to both cellular and antibody mechanisms. But another great problem is in the
      isolation of intact and viable islets of Langerhans: it is necessary to use a
      good method of pancreas distention, to determine the optimal concentration of
      collagenase for digestion, to select an effective technique for purifying the
      islets. This study correlates the morphology of isolated pancreatic islets of
      rats and dogs with secretion of insulin. The islets are incubated in a perifusion
      system and are tested during four periods; the glucose concentrations of the
      perifusion fluid are: 5.5 mM during the initial 70 min. period, 16.5 mM during
      the second 60 min. period, 5.5 mM during the third 60 min. period and 16.5 during
      the fourth 50 min. period. This "double glucose stimulation" is a good test of
      islet viability. The intact, viable isolated islets showed a significant increase
      of insulin secretion during the two 16.5 mM glucose periods. Damaged islets with
      some little morphologic alterations after showed a good insulin release during
      the first glucose stimulation, but a very poor insulin response to glucose during
      the second stimulation period.

PMID- 6449257
TI  - [Effect of androgens on the growth of skin fibroblasts in culture].
AB  - The effect of DHT on skin fibroblasts proliferation was investigated by
      measurements of DNA concentrations and of 3H-thymidine incorporation variations.
      1 nM DHT did not stimulate fibroblasts growth in either genital nor non genital
      skin fibroblasts. At higher concentrations, DHT inhibited cell proliferation. It
      can be concluded that in cell culture, fibroblasts growth is not dependent from
      androgen receptor content.

PMID- 6449258
TI  - [Excitability cycle of the Hoffmann reflex of the soleus in a constant pool of
      motoneurons. Changes in man as a function of age].
AB  - The study of the recovery cycle of the H reflex of the soleus, in constant pool,
      was made on 88 normal men of different ages. The recurrent inhibition has been
      demonstrated in most of the adults and elderly subjects. In young children, there
      were powerful inhibitory mechanisms, among which the Renshaw inhibition can be
      isolated.

PMID- 6449259
TI  - [Evaluation of total serum complement by radial immunohemolysis in allergic
      asthma].
AB  - The role of the complement system in human allergic asthma has been studied by
      serum complement evaluation by radial immuno-hemolysis. Various groups were
      tested: 50 normal subjects, 49 allergic patients, 6 pollen sensible patients
      during and after pollinic season. Complement was evaluated during and after
      allergen challenge (11 patients). No significative variations were established
      neither during the challenge nor after (15 mn, 45 mn, 1 h).

PMID- 6449260
TI  - [Hypolactatemic effect of sodium difluoroacetate].
AB  - In the anesthetized rat, the intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg sodium
      difluoroacetate (DFA), an activator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase, counteracted
      the hyperlactatemia induced by a high dose of phenformin (40 mg/kg) injected
      concomitantly. In the normal conscious dog, the administration of 150 mg/kg by
      gastric intubation decreased the blood lactate and pyruvate levels; however, this
      effect was less marked than that produced by the same dose of sodium
      dichloroacetate (DCA).

PMID- 6449261
TI  - [Morphological changes in the temporal neocortex of the rat after neonatal
      treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine].
AB  - Cell density countings and measurements of cortical thickness of animals treated
      neonatally with subcutan or intracisternal injections of 6-OH-DA were performed
      at five and fifteen days post-injection. Morphological changes were observed;
      however, these changes cannot be attributed without any doubt to the lack of
      catecholamine fibres.

PMID- 6449262
TI  - [Ultrastructural characterization of a retrovirus of mice (BL/F) producing
      leukemia in rats].
AB  - Two distinct leukemogenic viral subpopulations, BL/F (EL) and BL/F (SL) were
      derived from RadLV-Rs by propagation in rats. They were purified from the serum
      and studied by thin section and negative stain electron microscopy. Their
      ultrastructural organizations were not found to differ significantly from each
      other or from other murine leukemia viruses for which a detailed model now
      exists. Our work constitutes to our knowledge a first indepth study of viruses
      associated with radiation leukemia. It confirms the MuLV model built hitherto
      exclusively on observations from in vitro grown viruses.

PMID- 6449263
TI  - [Kinetics of the propagation of a murine virus (C57Bl mice) in the lymphoid
      system and bone marrow of rats (study using electron microscopy)].
AB  - Either a Slow (SL) or Early (EL) type of leukemia are respectively induced in
      rats by the RadLV-Rs derived BL/F (SL) and BL/F (EL) viral populations. The
      kinetics of virus propagation was studied comparatively in the thymus, spleen,
      lymph nodes and bone marrow of rats infected either with BL/F (EL) or BL/F (SL).
      During the first days after inoculation with BL/F (SL), the viral population
      increased rapidly in all tissues, reaching a peak at day 8 to 10, except in the
      lymph nodes which were almost devoid of viral particles. A very different pattern
      was shown by the EL leukemia, indicating the importance of the early distribution
      of viruses amongst the lymphoid tissues in view of the further development of the
      disease. The large amount of viruses observed inside the megakaryocytes and
      budding from these cells confirm that they play a role in the leukemogenesis.

PMID- 6449264
TI  - [Chromosomal anomalies induced by X-rays in lymphocytes of the gorilla].
AB  - Using the harlequin--staining technique to distinguish the first from later
      mitotic divisions we have studied the frequency of spontaneous and radiation
      induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from gorilla, the results being compared with previous findings on
      man. In spite of the fact that the karyotypes of the two species closely resemble
      each other the incidence of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations was much
      higher in gorilla than in man. The mean number of sister chromatid exchanges was
      not modified by exposure to X-irradiation and was almost similar in the two
      species.

PMID- 6449265
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of low molecular weight human kininogen].
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for low molecular weight (LMW) human Kininogen has been
      carried out. The first step was to prepare LMW Kininogen from human plasma. The
      proposed method allowed to get chemically pure and biologically active LMW
      Kininogen. This preparation was used to induce antibody. Optimal conditions for
      labelling and incubation were determined. This method may be applied to the assay
      of Kininogen in human plasma.

PMID- 6449266
TI  - [Geometric representation of the human thorax in electrocardiographic theory].
AB  - An accurate representation of the thoracic surface is required to solve the
      inverse problem of electrocardiography. For the purpose we have searched the
      second degree surface which fits 55-88 positions distributed around the trunk.
      Over a group of 17 young men, we have found that the positions always scattered
      around an ellipsoid the cephalo-caudal limits of which extended far away from the
      zero potential gradient levels. This discrepancy is discussed and a proposal is
      formulated.

PMID- 6449267
TI  - [Purification of human cartilaginous proteoglycans and technical aspects of the
      radioimmunoassay].
AB  - Proteoglycans (PG) have been purified by classical methods from human articular
      cartilage in order to set up a radioimmunoassay. Conditions of labelling,
      purification of labelled PG, and optimal conditions of buffer, temperature,
      duration of incubations and dilution of antiserum are described. Separation of
      free and bound PG is performed by immunoprecipitation. It is demonstrated that
      human articular PG can be assayed quantitatively by RIA procedure, with the
      sensitivity of +/- 2 femto-moles (+/- 5 ng) per tube.

PMID- 6449268
TI  - [Effect of phenoxybenzamine on mesenteric blood flow in irradiated rats].
AB  - Reactivity of the superior mesenteric artery has been studied in rat Wistar by
      infusion of biogenic amines (noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine
      and histamine) in presence of phenoxybenzamine. A decrease in reactivity of the
      post-synaptic alpha receptor located on the mesenteric vascular smooth muscle
      cell was seen three days after irradiation by 2 Kr.

PMID- 6449269
TI  - [Relationship between the induction of micronuclei in marrow cells by chromium
      salts and their carcinogenic properties].
AB  - The micronucleus test has been used to study the mutagenic activity of chromium
      derivatives and to examine the relationship between their carcinogenic properties
      and their ability to induce chromosomal damage. It has been found that potassium
      dichromate is a potent mutagen increasing, for instance, the rate of micro
      nucleated erythrocytes while calcium chromate and chromic nitrate are
      ineffective. From our observations and the data on carcinogenicity, it can be
      concluded that the micronucleus test cannot be used to predict the carcinogenic
      properties of chromium derivatives.

PMID- 6449270
TI  - [Simultaneous increase in the aromatization of testosterone into estrogens and
      secretion of inhibin by Sertoli cells in culture].
AB  - 17 beta oestradiol and inhibin production by Sertoli cells has been investigated
      in vitro. In basal conditions, 17 beta-oestradiol secretion is weak whereas
      inhibin production is undetectable on days 7 and 9 of culture. Addition of PMSG
      (FSH-like gonadotrophin) and testosterone to the culture medium induces a
      simultaneous increase in 17 beta-oestradiol and inhibin production. PMSG alone
      has no effect neither on inhibin nor on 17 beta-oestradiol secretion.
      Testosterone alone significantly increases 17 beta-oestradiol and inhibin
      production. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (LH-like gonadotrophin) does not modify
      inhibin secretion. Dihydrotestosterone stimulates inhibin production without
      affecting oestrogens secretion. Thus, stimulation of aromatization of
      testosterone into 17 beta-oestradiol is associated with an increase of inhibin
      production, but this effect seems to be due to a direct action of androgens.

PMID- 6449271
TI  - [Specificity of the radioimmunoassay for low molecular weight human kininogen].
AB  - The authors have studied the crossing immunoreactivity of various antigens in the
      radioimmunoassay of Low Molecular Weight Kininogen: serum and plasma proteins,
      human albumin, Bradykinin, High Molecular Weight Kininogen and the products of
      enzymatic degradation of Low Molecular Weight Kininogen.

PMID- 6449272
TI  - [CO2 and the catecholamine content of the adrenal medulla of the rat].
AB  - In Wistar rats exposed during one hour to mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide
      producing hypoxia, hypercapnia, hyperoxia and hypocapnia, and so on, adrenaline
      contents of the suprarenals is reduced by high concentration of carbon dioxide
      (30%), with or without hypoxia. Noradrenaline contents is increased by carbon
      dioxide (15 to 30%). Hypercapnia is more potent than hypoxia as a suprarenal
      stimulus.

PMID- 6449273
TI  - [Immunogenicity of nerve allografts in rats].
AB  - The state of sensitization of rats after nerve or skin allograft was studied in
      vitro by using spleen cells or peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) as responding
      cells and particulate alloantigen for stimulation, in culture conditions
      requiring or not supernatant from mixed lymphocytes culture. It is shown that 2-4
      weeks after nerve or skin grafting a small number of PBL generates similar
      cytotoxic lymphocytic responses. However the state of sensitization induced by
      the nerve allografts is shorter compared to the one exhibited after skin
      allografts. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed at the
      level of the humoral response between both groups of grafted rats.

PMID- 6449274
TI  - [Endurance after propranolol in the human execution of a general dynamic
      exercise].
AB  - The effects of a single oral dose of 40 mg propranolol on endurance time and on
      the maximum oxygen consumption were studied in eight healthy young men. They were
      running on a motor-driven treadmill (work rate from 80 to 150% VO2 max. The VO2
      max and endurance time were decreased to an average of 10 and 30% of controls
      respectively. The relationship between the endurance time and the relative work
      load (VO2/VO2 max) remained unchanged after beta-adrenoceptor blockade. The
      reduction of the endurance time following beta-adrenoceptor blockade is a
      consequence of the reduction of the VO2 max.

PMID- 6449275
TI  - [Antibacterial effect of borreverine, an alkaloid isolated from Borreria
      verticillata (Rubiaceae)].
AB  - Borreria verticillata, a very common tropical plant, is used in traditional
      pharmacopeia to recover cutaneous infections. The Borreverine alkaloid extracted
      from this plant had an antimicrobial action in vitro. The minimal inhibitory
      concentration is lower than 50 micrograms/ml for Gram positive cocci, (specially
      Staphylococcus aureus) and than 6 micrograms/ml for Vibrio cholerae and upper
      than 200 micrograms/ml for several Gram negative rod-bacteria (Enterobacteria and
      Pseudomonas). These preliminary results underline the interest in the research
      about the antimicrobial agents from plant origin, in particular concerning
      naturally or chemically modified alkaloids.

PMID- 6449276
TI  - [Experimental study of the bioaccumulation of inorganic mercury and methylmercury
      in the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)].
AB  - The study of the mercury and methylmercury bioaccumulation by various species of
      fish is only possible experimentally when the animals are maintained fasting
      during a few days. With a such experimentation in the goldfish (Carassius auratus
      L.), the authors are showing that methylmercury is much more accumulated than
      inorganic mercury: the transfert factor is about 760 to 780 for the methylmercury
      chloride and only 90 for the mercuric chloride. In fact a lot of variables occur
      in this phenomena of bioaccumulation (experimentation time, size and age of fish,
      solvant space, concentration of oxygen and mercury in water,...) and make this
      study difficult.

PMID- 6449277
TI  - Pedodontics in Montserrat.

PMID- 6449278
TI  - Effect of thymoxamine and pilocarpine on the depth of the anterior chamber.
AB  - Thymoxamine, an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, was compared with
      pilocarpine in 11 patients for its effect on the depth of the anterior chamber.
      In the eyes treated with thymoxamine rapid and sustained miosis occurred without
      a significant change in the depth of the anterior chamber. On the other hand, the
      miosis induced by pilocarpine was accompanied by significant shallowing of the
      anterior chamber.

PMID- 6449279
TI  - Phase I evaluation of chlorozotocin: single dose every six weeks.
AB  - A phase I trial of chlorozotocin was completed for the single dose every six week
      schedule. At 250 mg/m2 i.v. push, excessive thrombocytopenia, nausea, and
      anorexia occurred. Two cases of cholestatic jaundice were seen, and one patient
      had worsening of his diabetes mellitus after one course. Partial response or
      prolonged disease stabilization with increased survival was documented in four of
      seven patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. A starting dose of 225
      mg/m2 is recommended for good risk patients with little or no prior bone marrow
      toxicity from chemotherapy or irradiation. A dose of 200 mg/m2 is recommended for
      patients with limited previous treatment and good bone marrow reserve.

PMID- 6449280
TI  - Prediction of outcome in metastatic breast cancer treated with adriamycin
      combination chemotherapy.
AB  - Univariate and multivariate regression methods were used to analyze 17 potential
      clinical prognostic factors among 138 patients with advanced breast cancer who
      received Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy between 1973 and
      1977 at the University of Arizona. Follow-up of patients was through September
      1979, and survival data were nearly complete. Different factors varied in the
      relationship to outcome, but age, treatment, and response were important.
      Selecting the three most strongly related factors, predictive regression
      equations were developed, which described three types of possible outcome: 1)
      objective response (age, treatment, and liver involvement), 2) freedom from
      relapse (age, lung involvement, and response), and 3) survival (age, the number
      of involved sites [less than or equal to 2 or > 2], and treatment). Since use of
      the regression equations is cumbersome for clinical practice, three simplified
      tables were constructed to readily predict response, duration of response, and
      survival before the initiation of treatment.

PMID- 6449281
TI  - Tumor-specific suppressor cells induced by immunization with spleen cells from
      tumor-bearing animals.
AB  - Spleen cells from Fischer rats immunized with syngeneic spleen cells immune to
      the syngeneic 13762A mammary adenocarcinoma inhibited in vitro generation of
      lymphocytes cytolytic to the tumor. Spleen cells from rats immunized with
      nonimmune spleen cells were not suppressive. The suppressive property was first
      detected 10 days after immunization, persisted through the 17th day, and
      generally correlated with the appearance of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) factor
      blocking cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the tumor. Suppression was mediated
      chiefly by T-lymphocytes, but IgG-bearing lymphocytes also had some suppressive
      ability. Suppression was induced by IgG-positive cells or by serum or IgG from
      rats immunized to the 13762A mammary adenocarcinoma. The suppressor cells in the
      spleens of serum-immunized rats appeared earlier (3 days) than after immunization
      with immune spleen cells (10 days). These results suggest that certain IgG
      positive spleen cells, as well as IgG present in the same tumor-bearing animals,
      induce one type of suppressor cell modulating cytolytic lymphocyte activity to
      this mammary adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6449282
TI  - Cycling of immune responses to a syngeneic murine mammary adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6449283
TI  - Effects of N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      nitrosoureido]-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose upon the proliferation, DNA synthesis, and
      viability of cultured sensitive and resistant L1210 cells.
AB  - The effects of N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea and chlorozotocin upon the
      proliferation, DNA synthesis, and viability of cultured cells of a sensitive line
      of L1210 leukemia, a line partially resistant to N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N
      nitrosourea, and a line resistant to cyclophosphamide were determined. The
      results indicate that neither the effect upon proliferation nor the effect upon
      DNA synthesis is a good predictor of the extent of cell kill. The similarity of
      the effects of N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea upon these two parameters
      for the three cell lines indicates that the sensitive and resistant cells are
      affected to approximately the same extent, but more of the resistant cells
      survive. Additional studies are required to seek the reasons for this
      differential survival.

PMID- 6449284
TI  - Effects of caffeine on neocarzinostatin-induced inhibition of cell cycle traverse
      in HeLa-S3 cells.
AB  - Caffeine was found to suppress the cell cycle effects of the cancer
      chemotherapeutic agent neocarzinostatin (NCS). When caffeine was added together
      with NCS to the culture of HeLa-S3 cells, NCS-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis
      and of mitosis was markedly reduced in the presence of caffeine. Theophylline was
      also effective, but N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate was
      not. The caffeine-caused reduction of cell cycle effects was also observed in
      several other cancer chemotherapeutic agents, including bleomycin and Adriamycin.
      In contrast, the single-strand scission of cellular DNA and the final cell
      lethality induced by NCS were not affected by caffeine. These results suggest
      that the mechanism by which NCS inhibits the cell cycle traverse involves a kind
      of cell damage which is repairable in a manner promoted by caffeine and hence is
      different from single-strand scission of DNA. Such a mechanism might be common to
      the cell cycle effects of X-irradiation and several cancer chemotherapeutic
      agents including NCS.

PMID- 6449285
TI  - Dehydroepiandrosterone and androst-5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol in human mammary
      cancer cytosolic and nuclear compartments and their relationship to estrogen
      receptor.
AB  - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (ADIOL) were
      determined by radioimmunoassay in human primary mammary cancer cytosol
      preparations. The range and means +/- S.D. (ng/g, wet weight, of tissue) in
      individual tumors were: DHE, 12.3 +/- 14.4, n = 34; and ADIOL, 2.7 +/- 2.1, n =
      43. In 23 tumors in which both steroids were measured in the same extract, they
      were significantly correlated, and in these tumors the ratio of ADIOL to DHEA was
      lower in estrogen receptor (ERC)-negative than in ERC-positive tumors, but this
      difference was not significant. The ratio of ADIOL to DHEA was 5-fold higher in
      purified nuclei obtained from pooled primary mammary cancer tissue compared to
      that in the cytosol. DHEA was present in the cytosol of tumors from premenopausal
      women in significantly higher concentrations than in cytosols of postmenopausal
      women [0.73 +/- 0.49 ng/mg cytosol protein (n = 14) versus 0.35 +/- 0.35 (n =
      19); p < 0.02], whereas the concentrations of ADIOL were similar [0.12 +/- 0.09
      ng/mg cytosol protein (n = 18) and 0.10 +/- 0.11 (n = 25), for pre- and
      postmenopausal women, respectively]. In ERC-positive tumors, there was a negative
      correlation between ERC concentration and cytosol ADIOL levels in both
      premenopausal (r = -0.46, n = 10) and postmenopausal (r = -0.24; n = 20) subjects
      and also DHEA levels in postmenopausal women only (r = -0.30; n = 12). However,
      none of these correlations reached statistical significance. In view of the known
      high affinity of ADIOL for ERC (Kd approximately 6 nM) and its estrogen-like
      activity in vivo, these data suggest that the concentration of ADIOL in the tumor
      cytosols is sufficiently high to translocate ERC and provoke an estrogen
      response.

PMID- 6449286
TI  - Immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic response by concanavalin A-bound tumor
      vaccine enhanced by chemotherapeutic agents eliminating possible suppressors.
AB  - The combined administration of mitomycin C (MMC) on Day 5 and concanavalin A (Con
      A)-bound L1210 murine leukemia vaccine on Days 1 and 8 induced an enhanced
      therapeutic response in animals bearing L1210 leukemia greater than that
      inducible by either of them. The enhancement was dependent on the administration
      timing of the vaccine, dependent on vaccine-bound Con A, and specific for L1210
      leukemia, as evidenced by the fact that no enhancement was induced in P388
      leukemic animals. However, the enhancement was dependent on delayed MMC
      administration, and MMC administered on Day 3 failed to induce the enhancement,
      indicating that the chemotherapeutic potency of MMC played no major role in the
      enhancement. These results suggest that the enhancement may be dependent on
      antileukemia immunity induced by Con A-bound vaccine and may be further
      potentiated by MMC. A series of experiments comparing immunoprophylactic and
      immunotherapeutic responses inducible by different chemotherapeutic agents
      combined with the vaccine suggested that chemotherapeutic agents enhanced the
      potency of the vaccine by abrogating suppressors associated with vaccine-bound
      Con A. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that tumor vaccine induced
      peritoneal cells of tumor-bearing animals were abrogated in their suppressor
      activity in polyclonal in vitro spleen cell blastogenesis when these animals were
      further treated with MMC.

PMID- 6449287
TI  - Prediction of survival in gynecological cancer based on immunological tests.
AB  - Patients with advanced cancer have a depressed immunological function. We
      performed a battery of tests on peripheral blood samples from 42 patients with
      gynecological cancer to determine the extent to which this depression was due to
      abnormal lymphocyte function, as compared to changes in the number of lymphoid
      cells in the peripheral blood or in the efficiency of purification of cells in
      Ficoll:Hypaque gradients in preparation for testing. The percentage of
      lymphocytes in the gradient-derived cell suspension (% LG) and the absolute
      lymphocyte count were more informative than mitogen stimulation, mixed leukocyte
      culture, and T- and B-cell measurements. Both values decreased significantly with
      the advancing stage of cancer, and we were able to predict survival of patients
      with uniform stage of disease. The % LG correlated with survival better than did
      any other test when multivariate analyses of all test combinations were
      performed. Low values of % LG reflected both the depressed lymphocyte counts and
      the altered buoyant density of the leukocytes of many patients with advanced
      cancer. A large portion of the depression in other immune function tests was
      statistically attributed to changes in % LG and the lymphocyte counts. We
      concluded that these two simple measurements provide valuable information about
      patients with gynecological cancer.

PMID- 6449288
TI  - Myocardial blood flow and capillary density in chronic pressure overload of the
      feline left ventricle.
AB  - The effects of chronic pressure overload hypertrophy on myocardial blood flow and
      capillary density was measured in the feline left ventricle. Myocardial
      hypertrophy was produced by and 84% banding constriction of the ascending aorta
      2.8 +/- 1.2 months before the experiments. In seven cats with aortic
      constriction, cardiac hypertrophy produced a 40% increase in left ventricular
      mass. Seven cats served as normals. Our findings show that, in chronic pressure
      overload hypertrophy, coronary blood flow at control (resting) levels is
      increased compared with normals. In both normal and hypertrophy cats
      endocardial/epicardial flow ratios were equal at the control level. In the
      hypertrophied hearts, coronary reserve, measured as the percentage increase in
      myocardial blood flow from control to near maximal flow during adenosine
      infusion, was reduced. In the hypertrophy group a shift in the transmural
      distribution of blood flow in the left ventricle was noticed, as indicated by a
      reduced endo/epi flow ratio, during adenosine infusion. A decreased capillary
      density in hypertrophy, most marked in endocardial tissue regions, was
      demonstrated by this study. These findings indicate that capillary growth does
      not parallel myofibre growth in the endocardium of pressure overload
      hypertrophied left ventricles. The resultant anatomical imbalance causes a
      compromise of flow reserve in the endocardium, making this region vulnerable to
      ischaemia.

PMID- 6449289
TI  - [The effect of Arteparon and Rumalon on the metabolism of collagen and of
      proteoglycans of articular cartilage (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449290
TI  - The invertible G segment of phage mu.

PMID- 6449291
TI  - Molecular cloning and selection of genes regulated in Aspergillus development.
AB  - Over 350 clones homologous to poly(A)+ RNAs that are significantly more prevalent
      in conidiating cultures of Aspergillus nidulans than in somatic cells have been
      selected from a recombinant DNA library formed between nuclear DNA and lambda
      Charon 4A. The procedure used for this selection involved in situ hybridization
      to a cDNA probe which had been selectively depleted of sequences represented in
      somatic cells by complement hybridization. Five of these clones have been
      characterized further. All but one encoded poly(A)+ RNAs that were at least ten
      times more prevalent in conidiating cultures than in somatic cells. One clone
      hybridized to a single, developmentally regulated RNA. The three others were
      complementary to several RNAs having different molecular weights, each of which
      was more prevalent in condiating cultures than in vegetative cells. These results
      and quantitative aspects of the selection procedure suggest that developmentally
      controlled poly(A)+ RNA coding regions may not be distributed randomly in the
      Aspergillus genome.

PMID- 6449292
TI  - Histochemical differentiation of extrafusal muscle fibres of the anterior
      latissimus dorsi in the chick.
AB  - Histochemical differentiation of the chick anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle
      was studied during embryonic development and after hatching. The two types of
      adult ALD tonic fibres (alpha' and beta') differentiate from a pool of acid and
      alkali-stable myofibrillar ATPase fibres. Intermediate stages of the
      transformation from beta' to alpha' were observed. At all developmental stages
      studied, a low percentage of formalin-resistant, alkali-stable and acid-labile
      ATPase fibres were observed. Such fibres have the histochemical properties of the
      alpha R or fast oxidative-glycolytic fibres and are assumed to be focally
      innervated.

PMID- 6449293
TI  - In vitro generation of K562 killers in human T-lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 6449294
TI  - Macrophage-like suppressor cells in rats. I. Inhibition of natural macrophage
      like suppressor cells by red blood cells.

PMID- 6449295
TI  - Macrophage-like suppressor cells in rats. II. Evidence for a quantitative rather
      than a qualitative change in tumour-bearer animals.

PMID- 6449296
TI  - Induction of suppressor T cells and tolerant B cells in vitro by DNP-IgG.

PMID- 6449297
TI  - [Antimitotic factors - chalones].
AB  - In order test the effect of liver chalone the tested substance was injected into
      the amniotic sac of a chicken embryo. As the results suggest, it proved possible
      to isolate from the liver a substance capable of affecting profoundly the
      proliferative activity of embryonic liver tissue. The substance was tissue
      specific, species-nonspecific, and its action on the tissue was seen as
      reversible.

PMID- 6449298
TI  - [Special financial assistance for children and adolescents with severe
      handicaps].

PMID- 6449299
TI  - [Purification and properties of human muscle-type creatine kinase (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6449300
TI  - [Effects of fungi on the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines and their
      precursors in food (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449301
TI  - [Repression on the biosynthesis of enzymes involved in tryptophan synthetic
      pathway by chuangxinmycin (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449302
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of the Chinese strain of Schistosoma japonicum
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449303
TI  - [Certain problems of total parenteral nutrition in clinical practice (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6449304
TI  - [Studies on the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evaluation of cure
      in schistosomiasis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449305
TI  - [Tumor and tumor-like hyperplasia complications of chronic hepatitis and their
      Chinese traditional treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449306
TI  - [Epidemiology of paragonimiasis and biology of its etiologic agent in Fanchang
      county, Anhui province (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449307
TI  - [Clinical pathologic conference (intermittent fever, progressive dyspnea)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449308
TI  - [Single-well countercurrent electrophoresis--a new technique of electrophoresis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449309
TI  - [Studies on abnormal hemoglobins in China. 1. The structural analysis of a case
      of hemoglobin E in combination with thalassemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449310
TI  - [Optical and electronic aids. Indications and applications in the visually
      handicapped].

PMID- 6449311
TI  - [Modifications in the time course of the responses of spindle primary endings to
      small periodic changes in length produced by a slow muscle stretch].
AB  - The time course of the responses of primary endings to periodic small changes of
      length (de-efferented spindles of Cat soleus muscles) is progressively modified
      during slow muscle stretch. Alterations observed at the end of stretch suggest
      that they are due to the same mechanism which is responsible for the "initial
      burst".

PMID- 6449312
TI  - Selective uptake and retention of anticancer agents by sensitive cells.
AB  - Considerable evidence has been accumulated to demonstrate that sensitive tumor
      cells in experimental animals take up and retain at least some effective
      anticancer drugs to a greater extent than normal tissues, thus providing a
      greater degree of exposure and accounting for the selective effect of the drugs.
      In sensitive cells, DNA synthesis is inhibited for prolonged periods, whereas in
      cells less sensitive the time of inhibition is shorter. In those cases examined
      where a metabolite, formed intracellularly, is the active form of the agent, the
      metabolite is produced and is retained to a greater extent than in normal
      tissues.

PMID- 6449313
TI  - Reduction of maximal coronary vasodilator capacity in conscious dogs with severe
      right ventricular hypertrophy.
AB  - Right coronary reactive hyperemia and the maximal coronary vasodilator response
      to adenosine were examined in conscious, normal dogs and dogs with right
      ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. RV hypertrophy was induced by chronic (5-7 months)
      pulmonary artery stenosis. With RV hypertrophy, RV weight to body weight ratio
      rose by 70% (P < 0.001), right coronary artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasonic
      technique) rose from 17 +/- 1 to 51 +/- 5 ml/min, and RV transmural blood flow
      (radioactive microsphere technique) increased from 0.78 +/- 0.06 to 1.62 +/- 0.10
      ml/min per g, while the RV endocardial:epicardial perfusion ratio decreased from
      1.36 +/- 0.04 to 1.0 +/- 0.02. Excess blood flow debt repayment following release
      of a 15-second right main coronary artery occlusion was attenuated markedly (P <
      0.001) to 107 +/- 22% from the normal value of 325 +/- 41%. Maximal coronary
      vasodilator capacity (to iv adenosine) was reduced in the hypertrophied right
      ventricle, as reflected by a lower (P < 0.05) level of maximal transmural blood
      flow and a higher (P < 0.02) level of minimum coronary vascular resistance per
      gram of hypertrophied right ventricle compared to normal. During maximal coronary
      vasodilation, the endocardial:epicardial perfusion ratio decreased (P < 0.001)
      below unity in the hypertrophied right ventricle to a level (0.83 +/- 0.06)
      significantly lower (P < 0.001) than normal (1.16 +/- 0.03). Thus, the
      development of severe RV hypertrophy is characterized by an attenuated coronary
      response to acute ischemia and by a reduction in maximal coronary vasodilator
      capacity. We conclude that the increase in cardiac mass which results from
      chronic pulmonary artery stenosis is not accompanied by a proportionate increase
      in cross-sectional area of coronary vessels supplying the hypertrophied
      ventricle.

PMID- 6449314
TI  - Regional myocardial blood flow during exercise in dogs with chronic left
      ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 6449315
TI  - Relationship between clinical features of acute myocardial infarction and
      ventricular runs 2 weeks to 1 year after infarction.

PMID- 6449316
TI  - A comparison of cell-mediated immunity and suppressor T-cell function in
      asthmatic and normal children.
AB  - The role of general and suppressor T-cell function was investigated in a group of
      twelve children with atopic asthma and ten non-atopic control children. Studies
      of active E rosettes, lymphocyte stimulation, and delayed type skin
      responsiveness revealed no statistically significant group differences. Data
      obtained employing a concanavalin A-induced, suppressor T-cell assay revealed
      that the asthmatics generated significantly less suppressor cell activity than
      did the normal control group. There was no correlation between lack of suppressor
      cell function and serum IgE levels. The results of this study support the concept
      of suppressor T-cell dysfunction in atopic disease.

PMID- 6449317
TI  - Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in hypothyroid premenopausal women.
AB  - Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), cortisol (F) and prolactin (PRL)
      were measured in seventeen premenopausal women with primary hypothyroidism and in
      fifteen normal premenopausal women. Significantly lower (P < 0.001) DHEAS levels
      were found in hypothyroid women while F and PRL were in the range of normal
      controls. No significant relation was found between DHEAS and total thyroxine
      (T4) and TSH. Our results support the hypothesis that DHEAS secretion is impaired
      in some women with primary hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6449318
TI  - Decreasing mosaicism in Down's syndrome.
AB  - A girl with trisomy-21/normal mosaicism has been observed for approximately 10
      years. Her appearance is reminiscent of, but not typical for Down's syndrome, and
      her intellectual abilities are impaired but not to the same severe degree
      expected in Down's syndrome. These observations are consistent with the belief
      that, in persons ascertained by clinical resemblance to Down's syndrome. The
      cytogenetic studies performed longitudinally demonstrated a significant decrease
      in the proportion of blood lymphocytes showing the trisomic line. The maximal
      decrease occurred in the first year of life. A direct preparation from the bone
      marrow and a fibroblast culture at 2.5 months showed 3 and 4% trisomic cells,
      respectively, corresponding to the level of trisomic cells from the blood
      cultures during the second year of life.

PMID- 6449319
TI  - Occurrence of sex chromosome mosaicism and translocation Down's syndrome in the
      same family.
AB  - The proband in this family has translocation Down's Syndrome
      46,XX,t(14;21)(p11;q11), and this translocation was present in other family
      members. Sex chromosome mosaicism was demonstrated in three generations of the
      family, providing another example of familial mosaicism. There was also excessive
      foetal wastage in different family members. It was not possible to assign the
      common aetiological factor to account for these various abnormalities.
      Dermatoglyphic studies showed dominant inheritance of finger-tip arch patterns in
      one branch of the family.

PMID- 6449320
TI  - The secretor status of the foetus.
AB  - One hundred amniotic fluids were tested for the presence of ABH blood group
      substances. Gestation at amniocentesis ranged from 12 to 28 weeks, with a mean of
      16.6 weeks. The secretor status of the fluid was correlated with the secretor
      status of the baby after birth as determined from a sample of saliva. Fluid and
      saliva correlated in 98% of cases. It is felt that contamination with blood is
      likely to be the main source of error in typing amniotic fluids. However, because
      of the weaker activity of the anti-H serum, the detection of the presence or
      absence of H-substance can be doubtful if duplicate tests are not carried out. It
      is recommended that all fluids be checked for contamination with blood and that
      duplicate assays be done on two successive occasions. If these precautions are
      taken, the secretor typing of the amniotic fluid accurately reflects the secretor
      status of the individual foetus. Though probably not of wide application, the
      test could be of value in prenatal detection of dystrophia myotonica in
      individual cases.

PMID- 6449321
TI  - Amniotic fluid secretor typing: validation for use in prenatal prediction of
      myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Use of the well-established linkage of the secretor locus (Se) to the myotonic
      dystrophy locus (Dm) as an indirect means for prenatal prediction of myotonic
      dystrophy requires that the phenotypic expression of the fetal secretor locus be
      accurately and reliably assessed in amniotic fluid. Secretor status
      determinations on 89 amniotic fluids obtained by second trimester amniocentesis
      were compared with results of postnatal secretor typing of saliva samples
      collected from the resulting 89 offspring. The secretor types of the paired
      amniotic fluid-saliva samples were in agreement in all cases. The only unusual
      typing result was on an amniotic fluid from a blood group O secretor fetus in
      which the level of soluble H antigen was estimated to be about one-third that
      observed for other H secretors. Though it is possible that rare secretor fetuses
      with very low titers of soluble antigen at the time of amniocentesis could be
      mistyped as non-secretors, our results indicate that such an erroneous typing
      result would only occur in about 1-2% of all amniotic fluids tested. Constructed
      mixtures of 10% heparinized blood in non-secretor amniotic fluid or of 10% serum
      in amniotic fluid derived from secretor fetuses did not introduce sufficient
      levels of soluble antigen or of antibody to interfere with accurate secretor
      typing, thus providing reassurance that maternal and/or fetal blood contamination
      of amniotic fluid does not compromise accuracy of fetal secretor typing. This
      study documents the accuracy and reliability of amniotic fluid secretor typing
      for prenatal prediction of fetal risk for later development of myotonic muscular
      dystrophy.

PMID- 6449322
TI  - Acanthosis palmaris: tripe palms. A distinctive pattern of palmar keratoderma
      frequently associated with internal malignancy.

PMID- 6449323
TI  - Chronic pigmented purpura induced by chemical substances.

PMID- 6449324
TI  - Lichen planus caused by pyrimethamine.

PMID- 6449325
TI  - Skin changes resembling hepatic cutaneous porphyria induced by oxytetracycline
      photosensitization.

PMID- 6449326
TI  - The challenge of industrial dermatitis.

PMID- 6449327
TI  - Capillary tube leucocyte adherence inhibition assay for cell-mediated immunity:
      effects of transient bacterial infection in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Adherence of guinea-pig leucocytes to glass, and changes of adherence caused by
      antigen challenge, were measured during a 3-month period in which an idiogenic,
      fortuitous bacterial infection passed though the main guinea-pig colony. Expected
      responses were found in SPF animals, and, at the beginning and end of this
      period, in stock animals and those immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant with
      or without added keyhole limpet haemocyanin. During active infection, all non-SPF
      animals showed enhanced adherence changes whilst SPF animals continued to give
      expected responses. The implications for use of leucocyte adherence inhibition
      tests with human subjects are discussed.

PMID- 6449328
TI  - Immunological study of patients with the Papillon--Lefevre syndrome.
AB  - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis
      and by premature periodontal breakdown. In view of recent suggestions that this
      syndrome is associated with increased susceptibility to infections we decide to
      evaluate several immunological parameters in PLS patients and their healthy
      siblings and parents. PLS patients, as well as their siblings and parents, had a
      significantly impaired reactivity to both T and B cell mitogens. This in vitro
      abnormality was not associated with increased susceptibility to infections. The
      relationship between the impaired in vitro response to mitogens and the
      predilection for dermatologic and dental manifestations of PLS is discussed.

PMID- 6449329
TI  - Host immune status in uraemia. I. Cell-mediated immune mechanisms.
AB  - An experimental model of stable uraemia has been used to determine the effect of
      uraemia on cell-mediated immune mechanisms in the rat. Controlled resection of
      renal tissue allowed the establishment of a 'moderate' (blood urea 100-200 mg/100
      ml) and 'severe' grade of uraemia (BU > 200 mg/100 ml). The immune responsiveness
      of isolated lymphocyte suspensions from uraemic animals was similar to that of
      sham-operated animals but lymphocyte function in both groups was suppressed
      compared with control non-manipulated animals. This was particularly evident in
      the graft vs host reaction. The host vs graft which assumes the cell-mediated
      immune status in the live animals, was also depressed in the uraemic animals but
      in contrast to the previous results sham-operated animals exhibited normal
      responses. The results underscore the importance of surgically induced anergy as
      a factor complicating the assessment of immune function in uraemia and may
      explain some of the inconsistencies observed in the evaluation of cell-mediated
      immunity by in vitro analysis of lymphocyte suspensions and tests of immune
      function in the intact host.

PMID- 6449330
TI  - Correlation between mixed lymphocyte culture and phytohaemagglutinin stimulation
      responses of human lymphocytes.
AB  - In fifty-seven healthy individuals a significant correlation ( r = 0.3, P < 0.05)
      has been found between responses of their lymphocytes to stimulation by PHA and
      by pooled lymphocytes in MLC. It is suggested that these tests quantitate the
      general status of T cell reactivity of individuals, and may be used in
      conjunction with the results of other tests for T cell parameters, in a
      transplant programme to predict favourable outcome and to monitor
      immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 6449331
TI  - Plaque-forming cells in human cord blood: studies on T and B cell function.
AB  - Fewer plaque-forming cells (PFC) were found in the cord blood than in adult
      blood. B cells of newborns seem to be functionally mature. T cells of newborns
      provide enough help but exert increased suppressor activity.

PMID- 6449332
TI  - Depressed suppressor cell activity in patients with newly diagnosed insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Suppressor cell activity (SCA) was studied in twenty-eight patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), both newly diagnosed and of longer standing.
      Suppressive effect of peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients was tested
      after 48 hr of incubation with concanavalin A followed by inactivation.
      Suppression was measured as the ability of the lymphocytes to inhibit 3H
      thymidine incorporation in concanavalin A-stimulated normal donor lymphocytes.
      SCA was expressed in relation to the activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      from simultaneously investigated healthy control individuals. The main findings
      were: (1) SCA was significantly depressed in newly diagnosed diabetics and (2)
      newly diagnosed patients displayed significantly lower SCA than did patients with
      duration of disease between 2 and 8 months and between 5 and 8 years, who had
      suppressor cell activities not significantly different from healthy individuals.
      Earlier studies have pointed to the significance of immune reactions in
      diabetogenesis. On this basis, and on the strength of our present findings, it is
      suggested that an impaired SCA, causing a decreased inhibition of aggressive
      lymphocytes, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6449333
TI  - Mitochondrial antibodies in chronic liver diseases and connective tissue
      disorders: further characterization of the autoantigens.
AB  - The heterogeneity of mitochrondrial autoantibodies in a variety of diseases
      states has been critically re-examined by a combination of immunofluorescence
      staining (IFL) and complement fixation tests (CFT). The different mitochondrial
      IFL patterns described by other workers were confirmed and extra criteria using
      new substrates are presented for their differential recognition. Biochemically
      defined mitochondrial subfractions were used in the CFT to confirm and extend the
      IFL classifications. The 'M1' cardiolipin antibodies of syphilis did not react
      with the ATPase fraction but the antigen was present in all membrane preparations
      and found to be chemically resistant. The major antibody specificity of the 'M3'
      pattern associated with drug-induced pseudolupus syndrome is a firmly bound,
      outer membrane component; and a second, minor reactivity is apparently to a
      mercurial-insensitive antigen present in the chloroform-released ATPase
      preparation. The 'M5' antibody pattern correlates with a digitonin-sensitive
      outer membrane component. Although it was not possible to differentiate within
      the group of liver diseases between the 'M2' antibodies of primary biliary
      cirrhosis and the previously described 'M4' antibodies of other chronic liver
      diseases, several antibody specificities were demonstrated. All sera from liver
      disease patients contain the antibody directed against a mercurial-sensitive
      protein found in the chloroform-released ATPase preparation, and, in addition,
      varying titres of antibodies against two or more mercurial-resistant membrane
      components, of which at least one is on the inner membrane and one on the outer
      membrane.

PMID- 6449334
TI  - The pathogenetic role of free-circulating antibody in autologous immune complex
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis is an established model of chronic
      glomerulonephritis which very closely resembles membranous glomerulopathy in man.
      The disease can be induced in certain rat strains by immunization with tubular
      brush-border antigen (FxlA) in Freund's complete adjuvant. This procedure is
      believed to result in circulating immune complexes consisting of anti-FxlA
      antibody and FxlA antigen, which are deposited along the glomerular basement
      membrane. Since previous studies have indicated the presence of FxlA antigen in
      the glomerular basement membrane of normal rat and suggested an in situ formation
      of immune aggregates at this site as the pathogenetic mechanism in heterologous
      immune complex glomerulonephritis, the validity of the same mechanism in the
      pathogenesis of autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis was studied. In an
      investigation into the pathogenesis of the this model an association was found
      between the serum titre of autologous anti-FxlA antibody and the presence of
      immune aggregates in the glomerular basement membrane. Unilateral perfusion of
      normal kit kidneys with IgG eluted from kidneys of rats with autologous immune
      complex glomerulonephritis resulted in a binding of autologous anti-FxlA antibody
      at the subepithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane. These results
      indicate a pathogenetic role for circulating anti-FxlA antibody and demonstrate
      that rat anti-FxlA antibody is able to bind to FxlA antigens present in the
      glomerular basement membrane. Although these experiments do not exclude a
      possible role for circulating immune complexes, a pathogenetic mechanism of in
      situ formation of subepithelial immune aggregates in autologous immune complex
      glomerulonephritis is strongly suggested.

PMID- 6449335
TI  - Triple-drug treatment of autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis, an established experimental model
      of membranous glomerulopathy in man, has been used to investigate the effect of
      various drugs on its course. Because immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory drugs
      are reported to have little or no effect on autologous immune complex
      glomerulonephritis a combination of cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and
      prednisolone was used in this study. Since in this glomerular disease free
      circulating anti-FxlA antibody has pathogenetic significance special attention
      was paid to the effect of triple-drug treatment on the anti-FxlA serum titres and
      the relation between these titres, deposition of immune aggregates in the
      glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of proteinuria. It was found that
      triple-drug treatment could prevent completely deposition of immune aggregates in
      the glomeruli as well as development of proteinuria when it was started
      simultaneously with the immunization procedure. If triple-drug treatment was
      started as the moment when immune deposits appeared along the glomerular basement
      membrane, a decrease in serum titre of autologous anti-FxlA antibody, diminished
      deposition of immune aggregates along basement membranes and a significant
      decrease of proteinuria were found. In later stages of the disease when
      proteinuria was fully developed, no beneficial effect of triple-drug treatment
      could be demonstrated. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of triple-drug
      treatment on early stages of autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis is
      caused by a decrease in the level of free-circulating anti-FxlA antibody.

PMID- 6449336
TI  - Decreased suppressor cell activity in disseminated granulomatous infections.
AB  - The effect of granulomatous infections upon the activity of a T lymphocyte
      subclass in human peripheral blood that can be induced by concanavalin A (Con A)
      to function in a suppressor mode was studied. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)
      from eleven patients with disseminated mycotic or mycobacterial infections or
      from controls were preincubated with and without Con A, washed and cultured with
      allogeneic PBL freshly drawn from healthy donors sensitive to histoplasmin. DNA
      synthesis was then measured in co-cultures stimulated by Con A, histoplasmin, or
      by the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction alone. As compared with cells
      preincubated without Con A, the Con A-pretreated cells were significantly less
      effective in suppressing the responses of normal PBL to histoplasmin (P < 0.01),
      and in a one-way MLC reaction (P < 0.05). The Con A-induced suppressor activity
      of PBL from nine patients with localized granulomatous infections did not differ
      significantly from that exerted by PBL of normal controls in two of the three co
      culture systems employed. These studies suggest that either dysfunction or a
      reduction of the Con A-inducible T-suppressor cell subpopulation in peripheral
      blood is frequent among patients was disseminated granulomatous infections.

PMID- 6449337
TI  - Effect of Mycobacterium leprae on lymphocyte proliferation: suppression of
      mitogen and antigen responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Evidence is presented that Mycobacterium leprae suppresses the in vitro
      proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to
      antigen and mitogen. Lymphoproliferation induced by PPD or alloantigen
      stimulation was inhibited by concentrations of M. leprae which were not cytotoxic
      for lymphoblasts. In contrast, the inhibition of mitogen-stimulated PBM was seen
      only at higher concentrations of M. leprae which proved to be cytotoxic for
      lymphoblasts. The inhibitory effect was found not to be dependent on a particular
      cell population present in leprosy patients, as PBM from normal were inhibited
      similarly. These findings may explain some of the immunological aberrations
      observed in lepromatous leprosy patients who harbour large numbers of M. leprae
      bacilli in their tissues.

PMID- 6449338
TI  - Immune complexes in patients with drug eruptions: the relationship between skin
      lesions and circulating immune complexes.
AB  - The relationship between skin lesions and immune complexes was studied in sixty
      two patients with exanthematic drug eruptions. By means of C1q-binding,
      conglutinin-binding and platelet aggregation tests, immune complexes were
      detected in a considerable number of sera from these patients. Patients with
      widespread maculopapular drug eruptions were found to show a relatively high
      serum level of immune complexes. There was a close association between the
      disease activity and the amount of the circulating immune complexes. By
      immunofluorescence, six of seventeen patients with drug eruptions were shown to
      have deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA or C3 in the skin lesions. These results suggest
      that certain immune complexes may play a role in some types of drug eruption as a
      pathogenetic factor.

PMID- 6449339
TI  - Suppression of DNA synthesis by con A-activated human lymphocytes: role of
      monocytes in con A-induced suppression.
AB  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes, activated by Con A, suppress the
      antigen- or mitogen-induced proliferation of autologous responder cells.
      Generation of suppressor cells is prevented by mitomycin treatment before Con A
      activation. Once cells are activated, their suppressive activity is not affected
      by mitomycin treatment. Monocytes are not only required for generation of
      suppressor cells, but are also involved in suppression as effector cells.
      Monocyte-mediated suppression is blocked by indomethacin, suggesting that this
      suppression is mediated by prostaglandin. It is concluded that monocytes are
      involved in Con A-induced suppression of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6449340
TI  - T-lymphocyte function in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6449341
TI  - Spectrum of heart muscle abnormalities related to alcoholism.

PMID- 6449342
TI  - Dynamics of Technetium-99m methylenediphosphonate imaging of the femoral head
      after hip fracture.
AB  - A prospective study of the development of necrosis of the femoral head was
      performed in 34 patients with fractures of the femoral neck. Technetium-99m MDP
      images of the hip regions were obtained immediately after nailing of the hip and
      at four, eight and 12 months. There was a good correlation between qualitative
      and numeric evaluation of isotope uptake in the femoral heads. Comparison of the
      activity level in the femoral head on the fracture side with that in the
      contralateral control site showed activity ratios to vary between < 1.0 for those
      heads showing a general reduction in activity on conventional images to > 1.4
      with a mean of 2.0 for those showing increased activity. The initial
      postoperative images in 2/7 undislocated fractures showed a marked depression in
      femoral head activity on the fracture side; 13/21 dislocated fractures showed a
      similar defect suggesting a significant loss of bone remodeling. Normal Tc-99m
      activity in the femoral head (category 2) was observed in two fracture cases
      imaged within 24 hours of fracture, just prior to nailing. Repeat studies within
      one week of fracture and nailing demonstrated a marked depression in activity
      (category 0). Radiographic evidence of collapse later developed in both patients.
      The perfusion and blood pool images were useful for identifying femoral heads
      with deficient circulation. This investigation has demonstrated that the nailing
      procedure may threaten the vascular condition of the femoral head in hip
      fracture, that a dead head may be radiographically normal and clinically
      asymptomatic, and that the metabolic condition of the femoral head may be
      expressed in numeric terms suitable for statistical analysis.

PMID- 6449343
TI  - Unintentional intra-arterial injection of a bone-imaging agent.
AB  - The inadvertent intra-arterial injection of a dose of Tc-99m-MDP is reported.
      Limited quantitative studies were done on the distribution pattern. More
      extensive investigations of cases of this type may yield useful data on the
      behavior of radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 6449344
TI  - Focal uptake of Tc-99m-DMP in renal metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of
      the lung.

PMID- 6449345
TI  - Sexual development of children.

PMID- 6449346
TI  - Sexuality of physically disabled people.

PMID- 6449347
TI  - Rhinophyma and its treatment.

PMID- 6449348
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from acrylates in ultraviolet curing inks.
AB  - Six patients developed dermatitis while working with ultraviolet curing inks in
      four different printing plants. Contact allergy was found to the multifunctional
      acrylate monomers pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and trimethylol propane
      triacrylate (TMPTA) and to the epoxy acrylate and polyesteracrylate prepolymers.

PMID- 6449349
TI  - Occupational contact dermatitis due to spiramycin and/or tylosin among farmers.
AB  - Nine farmers suspected of having occupational contact dermatitis had positive
      patch tests to spiramycin and/or tylosin. After diagnosis the dermatitis cleared
      or improved markedly in seven patients; five of these stopped using the
      antibiotics in question, and two began to wear gloves while handling the drugs.
      The two patients who continued use of the drugs and took no precautionary
      measures had little change in the activity of the dermatitis.

PMID- 6449350
TI  - Occupational nickel dermatitis in the electroforming industry.
AB  - An outbreak of occupational dermatitis in an electroforming plant where there was
      heavy exposure to nickel is described. Patch test investigations confirmed nickel
      allergy in 13 of 27 exposed individuals. Nickel chloride was found to be a more
      reliable patch test allergen than nickel sulphate. Improvements in industrial
      hygiene led to an immediate decrease in the incidence of dermatitis. Persistent
      patch test sensitivity to nickel was found in three individuals who had been
      removed from the process chemicals for some years.

PMID- 6449351
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis to dimethoxane in a spin finish.
AB  - A textile worker exposed to dimethoxane in an aqueous system developed allergic
      contact dermatitis. Patch testing to this compound and its possible products in
      an aqueous system demonstrated sensitization to acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde.

PMID- 6449352
TI  - Dermatitis from slimicides in a paper mill.
AB  - Dermatitis is reported from slimicides added to wood pulp slurry in a paper mill.
      The active constituents of the slimicides involved were bis-1,4-bromoacetoxy-2
      butene and 2,3-dichloro-4-bromotetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide. Wood pulp
      slimicides include many chemicals which are highly irritant and potentially
      sensitizing to the skin.

PMID- 6449353
TI  - Occupational contact urticaria provoked by mouse liver.

PMID- 6449354
TI  - A retrospective survey of female sterilisation for the years 1968 to 1973.
      Analysis of morbidity and post-sterilisation complications for 5 years.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1973, 2122 women were sterilised, 52.2% were by laparotomy,
      46.3% by laparoscopy. Sterilisation was performed after abortion in 38.5%, after
      delivery in 22.5%, and as an interval procedure in 38.5% of cases. Laparoscopy
      had a lower incidence of side effects than laparotomy, and sterilisation as an
      interval procedure was safer than after delivery or abortion. A five-year follow
      up of patients revealed a low incidence of late side effects; only 34 patients
      required hysterectomy and in 18 this was not due to the sterilisation. Failure of
      sterilisation (0.5%) was evenly distributed between the various methods;
      operative trauma was low 0.6% for laparoscopy and 0.2% for laparotomy. There were
      4 maternal deaths, only 2 were related to the procedure.

PMID- 6449355
TI  - Effect of freezing on the release and inactivation of chloroplast coupling factor
      1.

PMID- 6449356
TI  - Comb and brush acne.
AB  - Frequent combing or brushing of the hair may result in an exacerbation of
      existing acne or be the cause of localized acne. Because of today's hair styling
      habits and methods, this type of acne is commonly encountered but poorly
      appreciated by physicians. Patient education is the most important factor in the
      management of this condition. Comb and brush acne is another external factor to
      be added to the list of causes of "acne mechanica."

PMID- 6449357
TI  - Trichophyton verrucosum in Indiana. Infection in two cases.
AB  - Presented herein are two cases of dermatomycosis that occurred in Indiana. The
      causative agent in each case was Trichophyton verrucosum. The first patient had
      onychomycosis, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris. Although of long duration, his
      condition cleared readily after the administration of griseofulvin. The second
      patient, a recent immigrant from Yugoslavia, had erythematous, minimally scaling
      lesions was more typical, since T. verrucosum is commonly found on exposed parts
      of the skin. In this patient, also, lesions cleared after the administration of
      griseofulvin therapy.

PMID- 6449358
TI  - A histochemical and ultrastructural study of heterogeneous red fibres of pigeon
      pectoralis muscle.
AB  - The oxidative fibres of pigeon pectoralis muscle are 'type II red' on the basis
      of high myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and succinate
      dehydrogenase (SDH). The ATPase and SDH reactions do not characterize the
      heterogeneity of the red fibres in the normal pigeon pectoralis. Therefore,
      lipid, glycogen, phosphorylase, glycogen synthetase, SDH and ATPase reactions
      were studied in transverse sections of the pigeon pectoralis red fibre. This
      study has revealed the existence of an inherent heterogeneity between these red
      fibres. Three sub-populations distinguished were : (1) 'red1' fibres showing low
      fat but high glycogen and enzymes of glycogen metabolism (EGM); (2) 'red2' fibres
      displaying higher fat and higher amount of glycogen and EGM; and (3) 'red3'
      fibres possessing higher fat but lower content of glycogen and EGM.
      Ultrastructurally, one category of fibres (presumably red2 and red3) showed a
      higher concentration of fat; these fibres presumably possess higher synthetic
      capacity and lower (or higher?) utilization. Other mitochondria-loaded red fibres
      (presumably red1) documented here for the first time, showed fewer and smaller
      fat droplets indicating that they are 'predominantly lipid utilizers' and are
      incapable of storing large quantities of lipid. Moreover, the differing
      histochemical-ultrastructural attributes are presumably correlated with
      differences in levels of energetic metabolism, heat production and motor units of
      the red fibres.

PMID- 6449359
TI  - The disabled adolescent: promoting a positive self-concept by achievement of
      developmental tasks.

PMID- 6449360
TI  - [Treatment of severe febrile neutropenia (author's transl)].
AB  - Random allocation of 22 patients with benign and malignant diseases with
      neutrophil counts of up to 1 X 10(9)/l blood and probably infection-caused fever
      of more than 38 degrees C to intravenous treatment with one of the following
      antibiotic combinations was performed: carbenicillin (6 g/m(2) . 6 h) plus
      sisomicin (45 g/m2 . 6 h) or mezlocillin (3 g/m2 . 6 h) plus sisomicin (45 g/m2 .
      6 h). Both combinations were tolerated equally well. Patients became afebrile in
      16 out of 23 treatment periods. Seven out of 11 patients responded to
      carbenicillin - sisomicin, and 9 out of 12 to mezlocillin - sisomicin.
      Mezlocillin thus leads to equal success of treatment in febrile neutropenia as
      the double dose of carbenicillin when both antibiotics are combined with the same
      aminoglycoside.

PMID- 6449361
TI  - Treatment of alloxan and streptozotocin diabetes in rats by intrafamiliar homo
      (allo) transplantation of neonatal pancreases.
AB  - A total of 116 adult male and female rats of own inbred F3 up to 8th generation
      weighing 180-350 g was rendered diabetic by a single i. v. injection of either
      alloxan (40-50 mg kg-1) or streptozotocin (50-60 mg kg-1) and 1--2 weeks later
      subjected to the intrafamiliar homo(allo)transplantation of 2--5 minced,
      collagenase non digested pancreases either from own newborns or from newborns of
      sisters and brothers of the same family under the renal capsule. Out of the
      total, 24 animals (20.68%) were successfully cured. The cured rats examined with
      the aid of intravenous glucose tolerance test (IV) GTT monthly for one year
      showed fasting normonoglycemia with increased postglucose values and decreased KG
      being in the range of latent, borderline diabetes. In male rats IV GTT
      deteriorated in nine months without any transition into manifest diabetes or loss
      of body weight. Some animals cured by transplantation reached a normal survival
      time and were able to bring forth litters and suckle their newborns. In the rats
      with complete reversal of diabetes the transplants with well developed,
      vascularized islets, consisting predominantly of B-cells were found.

PMID- 6449362
TI  - Comparison of calcitonin, epinephrine and glucagon effects on plasma membrane Ca
      ATPase activity and calcium content in liver of rats.
AB  - The effects of calcitonin (CT), epinephrine and glucagon on the plasma membrane
      Ca-ATPase activity and the calcium content in the liver were investigated 30 min
      after a single subcutaneous administration of hormones to rats. Ca-ATPase
      activity in the plasma membrane fraction was significantly decreased by CT (80
      MRC mU/100 g BW), while it was not significantly lowered by insulin (100 mU/100 g
      BW), epinephrine (100 micrograms/100 g BW), glucagon (50 micrograms/100 g BW), or
      parathyroid hormone (25 U/100 g BW). The calcium content in the liver was
      markedly increased by CT, while it was not significantly elevated by epinephrine
      or glucagon. Meanwhile, the decrease of Ca-ATPase activity in the plasma membrane
      fraction produced by CT was significantly prevented by simultaneous
      administration of epinephrine or glucagon, and also the increase in liver calcium
      was noticeably interfered with. The present results suggests that the action of
      CT on liver calcium may differ from that of epinephrine or glucagon which causes
      an increase in cyclic AMP in the liver cells.

PMID- 6449363
TI  - Regulatory effect of endogenous calcitonin on calcium metabolism in hepatic bile
      system of rats.
AB  - The effect of calcium chloride (4.0 mg Ca2+/100 g BW) on the calcium metabolism
      in the hepatic bile system was investigated in intact and
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats. The administration of calcium did not alter the
      serum calcium of intact rats but increased it markedly in
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats. The administration of calcium to intact rats also
      caused a significant decrease in the liver plasma membrane Ca-ATPase activity,
      and a corresponding increase in liver calcium and bile calcium, while no such
      increase was seen in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Meanwhile, the
      administration of calcitonin (CT, 80 MRC mU/100 g BW) to intact rats
      significantly lowered both serum calcium and liver plasma membrane Ca-ATPase
      activity, and it also significantly elevated both liver and bile calcium. These
      results suggest that endogenous CT regulates calcium metabolism in the hepatic
      bile system of rats after the injection of calcium chloride.

PMID- 6449364
TI  - Utilization of glucose by the implanting mouse blastocyst activated by oestrogen.
AB  - Blastocysts from mice in an experimental delay of implantation increased their
      oxidation rate of both glucose and fructose when implantation was initiated by an
      injection of oestrogen. About 18 h after the injection, the rate of glucose
      oxidation was significantly higher than that of fructose oxidation.
      Simultaneously with the increase in the rate of glucose oxidation, glycogen
      granules appeared in the trophoblast cells. In uterine flushings, the amount of
      glucose increased already at 6 h. This time corresponds to the period when the
      blastocyst gets activated for implantation. Determination of glucose utilization
      by the blastocysts demonstrated that 3 h after the oestrogen injection, the
      utilization was low but that it was markedly increased at 6 and 18 h. It is
      concluded that at the initiation of implantation, mouse blastocysts prefer
      glucose to fructose and that the presence of glucose in the secretion and the
      increased utilization of glucose by blastocysts at this time suggest that this
      substrate could be one important nutrient for the blastocyst at early
      implantation. Glucose, however, cannot be the sole factor critical for the
      activation of the delayed blastocyst.

PMID- 6449365
TI  - Histochemical properties of muscle fibres types and enzyme activities in skeletal
      muscles of Standardbred trotters of different ages.
AB  - Fibre characteristics and enzyme activities were determined for the gluteus,
      semitendinosus, vastus lateralis and triceps brachii muscles of 55 Standardbred
      trotters of different ages. Four fibre types (I, IIA, IIB, IIC) were demonstrated
      by histochemical staining of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase after
      preincubation at different pH values. Type II fibres predominated in all the
      muscles and the type IIA/IIB ratio was higher in horses over 5 years than in
      younger horses, except in the vastus in which the IIA/IIB ratio did not change
      with age. The vastus had the highest proportion of type IIA fibres and the
      semitendinosus the highest proportion of type IIB fibres. Histochemical
      demonstration of NADH dehydrogenase disclosed that almost 100 per cent of the
      type IIA and many of the type I and IIB fibres were medium-stained; the remaining
      type I fibres were darkly stained and the type IIB fibres lightly stained. In
      older horses more fibres were stained for NADH dehydrogenase. The activity of
      triosephosphate dehydrogenase decreased that that of 3-hydroxy-acyl-coA
      dehydrogenase and citrate synthase increased in all the muscles except the vastus
      with increasing age. The greatest increase in oxidative capacity occurred in the
      gluteus and triceps. Training, rather than age, was regarded as the factor
      inducing these changes. The results emphasise that histochemical data are only
      semiquantitative, and there are apparent discrepancies in the intensities of
      histochemical staining and the biochemical evaluation of various enzymes.

PMID- 6449366
TI  - Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis in synchronous algae cells.
AB  - Synchronous cells of the green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus, cultured in a 14-h/10
      h light/dark regime, contain a peak of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
      activity and maximum deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate concentrations at the
      12th hour of the cell cycle, coinciding with DNA synthesis and preceding the
      formation of eight daughter cells. The intracellular dTTP pool reaches 4.5 pmol
      and the other pools 2-3 pmol/10(6) cells. Algal reductase activity is sensitive
      to cycloheximide, but not to lincomycin. These correlations demonstrate the
      functioning of the NDP leads to dNDP leads to dNTP pathway of DNA precursor
      biosynthesis in plant cells. In the presence of 20 micrograms 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine/ml, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis, the dTTP pool is
      rapidly depleted and DNA synthesis ceases. 5-Fluorouracil and methotrexate
      produce similar effects. At the same time the ribonucleotide reductase activity
      and also the dATP pool are greatly increased, especially when fluorodeoxyuridine
      treatment is combined with continued illumination of the algae. In contrast,
      arabinosylcytosine, an inhibitor of DNA replication, has no effect on
      ribonucleotide reduction. The control of de novo enzyme synthesis in the
      eucaryotic algae therefore appears to depend on the presence of dTTP (or a
      related nucleotide), but not directly coupled to DNA synthesis. This
      interdependence resembles the situation observed in HeLa cells, while it may
      differ in detail from control mechanisms of ribonucleotide reductase studied in
      bacteria.

PMID- 6449367
TI  - A comparison of vesicles derived from terminal cisternae and longitudinal tubules
      of sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle.
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were separated into heavy (derived from terminal
      cisternae) and light (derived from longitudinal tubules) fractions, according to
      Meissner [Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 389, 51-68 (1975)]. The similar Ca2+
      sensitivities of phosphoprotein formation, ATPase activity and calcium uptake,
      and the similar phosphoprotein turnover rates (ATPase/phosphoprotein formation)
      of both fractions indicate that the same ATPase enzyme is present in the terminal
      cisternae and longitudinal sarcoplaxmic reticulum. The higher V for Ca2+
      activated ATPase activity and calcium uptake in the light fraction correlated
      with the higher concentration of ATPase enzyme per mg of membrane protein in this
      fraction. In both the presence and absence of calcium-precipitating anions, the
      light fraction stored more calcium than the heavy. The Ca2+ dependence of calcium
      release after addition of EGTA appeared similar in both fractions, but the rate
      of calcium release was more rapid in the light fraction. These findings suggest
      that calcium release may occur more rapidly from longitudinal than terminal
      cisternae portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and that calcium release, like
      calcium uptake, may be mediated by the ATPase enzyme in the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum membrane. Although the activation energies for Ca2+-activated ATPase
      activity above and below the transition temperature were significantly different
      for the heavy and light fractions, their transition temperatures were similar.
      Partial purification of the ATpase enzyme by deoxycholate treatment modified the
      activation energies of the light but not the heavy fraction and caused the
      activation energies to become similar. The phosphoprotein levels of heavy and
      light vesicles did not become similar after deoxycholate treatment, although gel
      electrophoretograms indicated both samples contained > 90% ATPase protein. These
      results indicate the protein-lipid associations in these two fractions may be
      different.

PMID- 6449368
TI  - Differences between 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluorouridine in their
      cytotoxic effect on growth of murine lymphoma L5178Y cells in in vivo and in
      vitro systems.

PMID- 6449369
TI  - Effect of freon inhalation on maximal expiratoryflows and heart rhythm after
      treatment with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether inhalation of a freon
      gas mixture, the propellant of the commercial metered-dose aerosols, consisting
      of freon 11, freon 12, and freon 114, reduces the bronchodilating effects of
      inhaled salbutamol or ipratropium bromide or causes cardiac arrhythmias in
      control, asthmatic and bronchitic subjects. FEV1 and flows measured at different
      lung volumes on the maximal effort expiratoryflow-volume curve were measured
      during a period of 6 h. Inhalation of freon caused no significant overall
      reduction in the salbutamol and ipratropium bromide response in any group.
      Arrhythmias only occurred among the asthmatic and bronchitic patients, and were
      most frequent after salbutamol. Ventricular extrasystoles occurred in three
      cases, all after salbutamol and in two of these in combination with freon
      inhalation. In one patient there was furthermore hyposia and hypercapnia. The
      combination of the effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, catecholamines and freon on
      the heart is therefore a more likely cause of arrhythmia than the effect of freon
      alone.

PMID- 6449370
TI  - A 7 year survey of 'allergic' occupational lung disease in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6449371
TI  - Down's syndrome: changes in protein fractions of blood plasma.

PMID- 6449372
TI  - The effect of induced abortion on the incidence of Down's syndrome in Hawaii.
AB  - There was a decrease in the recorded number of cases and in the incidence rate of
      Down's syndrome in Hawaii between 1963-1969 and 1971-1977. Independent of all
      other factors, induced abortion accounted for 43 percent of the decline in the
      number of cases, based on the assumption that a substantial number of clandestine
      abortions were being performed in Hawaii before the 1970 legalization of
      abortion. However, if we assume that very few illegal abortions were performed
      prior to 1970, there would have been an actual 3.5 percent increase in the number
      of cases of Down's syndrome in the absence of legal abortion. Declining pregnancy
      rates and decreasing age-specific incidence rates of Down's syndrome also
      contributed to the drop in the number of cases between 1963-1969 and 1971-1977.

PMID- 6449373
TI  - [Principles of the interaction of curare-like agents with skeletal muscle
      cholinoreceptors].
AB  - The principles of interaction of curare-like agents with acetylcholine receptors
      of skeletal muscles are discussed. The possible types of interatomic bonds of
      substances with receptors are exemplified by different chemical compounds which
      possess the neuromuscular blocking action. Prior attention is given to the role
      of hydrophobic interactions in the activity and mechanism of action of curare
      like agents.

PMID- 6449374
TI  - [Membrane-active antibiotics and mitochondria].

PMID- 6449375
TI  - [Development of pharmacology in Azerbaijan (on the 60th anniversary of the
      Azerbaijani SSR)].

PMID- 6449376
TI  - Respiratory control in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6449377
TI  - The incredible shrinking chalone.

PMID- 6449378
TI  - Cross-hybridization of light chains of cardiac myosin isozymes: atrial and
      ventricular myosins.

PMID- 6449379
TI  - Effect of ATP on the translational diffusion coefficient of the alpha-subunit of
      Escherichia coli F1-ATPase.

PMID- 6449380
TI  - [Participation of paramedical personnel in the work of a people's university of
      health].

PMID- 6449381
TI  - [Ways to increase work efficiency at feldsher obstetrical centers].

PMID- 6449382
TI  - [Work experience in health education at a feldsher obstetrical center].

PMID- 6449383
TI  - [Benefits for the disabled and participants in World War II].

PMID- 6449384
TI  - [Myocardial contractility of dogs with renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 6449385
TI  - [Effect of measured physical loading on myocardial adenine nucleotide metabolism
      in rats of different ages].

PMID- 6449386
TI  - [Effect of vagotomy on free nucleotide and inorganic phosphorus content in
      cardiac tissue following experimental aortic constriction].

PMID- 6449387
TI  - [Role of the calcium pump in the contractile activity of the smooth muscles of
      cerebral arteries].

PMID- 6449388
TI  - [Effect of high altitude on the thermoregulatory system].
AB  - The temperature range for specific thermoregulatory responses (shivering, sweat
      secretion) of the high altitude residents is narrower than in the lowland
      inhabitants, as well as the sensitivity of temperature centres of the formers is
      lower than in the latters. The absolute level of heat emission of the respiratory
      tract, internal and external gradients of temperature, are the important parts in
      mechanisms of shivering. The average level of body temperature domineers in the
      response of thermal sweat secretion.

PMID- 6449389
TI  - [Rate of occurrence and reproducibility of the initial burst of frequency of
      muscle spindle receptors].
AB  - The initial burst (IB) of activity of the passive muscle spindle receptors occurs
      sometimes during muscle stretching with minor speed starting from the completely
      relaxed state. Its rare occurrence, unstability and variability reject the
      suggestion of acceleration-sensitivity in the muscle spindle receptors. The
      receptors respond sometimes to initial enhancement of rigidity in the extra- and
      intrafusal muscle fibers. The IB occurs as the result of interaction between both
      types of fibers during stretching.

PMID- 6449390
TI  - Immunosuppressive effects of a synthetic polymer poly N-(2
      hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (Duxon).
AB  - Poly N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (Duxon) was studied as a substitute of
      blood plasma and was found to prolong significantly the survival of
      semiallogeneic skin grafts in mice and rats and to reduce MLC reactions of human
      lymphocytes. It did not inhibit the growth of lymphocytes and the growth of the
      fibroblast-like (diploid) or epithelioid (heteroploid) cell lines in tissue
      culture.

PMID- 6449391
TI  - Don't go broke accidentally.

PMID- 6449392
TI  - Toothbrushing to music.

PMID- 6449393
TI  - Oral retinoid (Ro 10-9359) in children with lamellar ichthyosis, epidermolytic
      hyperkeratosis and symmetrical progressive erythrokeratoderma.
AB  - 8 children with lamellar ichthyosis, 1 with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and 5
      with symmetrical progressive erythrokeratoderma were treated with a new aromatic
      retinoid (Ro 10-9359). Clinical improvement was dramatic. The children acquired
      an appearance never obtained before with other managements. The treatment had to
      be maintained to prevent recurrence. The tolerance to the drug was good. The side
      effects were minimal and tended to disappear after several months of treatment.
      Our results suggest that because of its efficacy, good tolerance and easy
      administration, the oral retinoid Ro 10-9359 is at present the treatment of
      choice for the great ichthyotic disorders of children.

PMID- 6449394
TI  - Dissociation between plasma triglyceride concentration and tissue lipoprotein
      lipase deficiency in insulin-deficient rats.
AB  - Insulin deficiency was produced by streptozotocin in young (5-6 wk old) male
      rats, and measurements were made of plasma triglyceride and glucose
      concentrations and of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of adipose tissue
      (epididymal) and muscle (gastrocnemius and soleus). Rats with streptozotocin
      induced diabetes underwent a significant reduction in adipose tissue LPL activity
      (both total and heparin releasable), but the fall in LPL activity in these rats
      bore little relationship to their rise in plasma triglyceride concentration.
      Furthermore, muscle LPL activity was essentially unchanged in diabetic rats.
      Qualitatively similar changes were observed when measurements were made at either
      8 a.m. (after the normal evening access to food) or 2 p.m. (6 h after food
      withdrawal). It is concluded that the hypertriglyceridemia that occurs secondary
      to insulin deficiency is not a simple function of decreased tissue LPL activity.

PMID- 6449395
TI  - Androgen sensitization of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice.

PMID- 6449396
TI  - Chromosome studies of children with specific speech and language delay.
AB  - Among 88 children with speech and language problems from whom chromosome results
      were obtained, four were identified with a chromosome anomaly. Three had sex
      chromosome aneuploidy and had developmental problems, particularly with
      articulation. The fourth child had low-grade trisomy 21 in blood, with minimal
      signs of Down's syndrome but with bilateral conductive hearing loss. It is
      suggested that delay in speech development is one facet of the developmental
      problems that may be significant in later behavioural problems in adolescent and
      adult males with X and Y aneuploidy.

PMID- 6449397
TI  - [The effectiveness of different methods of laparoscopic tubal sterilization
      (author's transl)].
AB  - If sterilization is offered today to a young multipara pointing out the
      possibility of eventual later recanalization the most essential point lies in
      thorough patient information. The patient must be informed that less aggressive
      techniques like thermocoagulation or mechanical tubal occlusion bear a higher
      risk of failure and consequently eventual pregnancy 2%-4%-7%. Such failures are
      part of the method and must and cannot be considered malpractice. Extensive
      patient information about all pros and cons is the only way to avoid future
      problems. Spontaneous tubal recanalization has occurred and may occur to the most
      skilled surgeon. After twenty years of personal experience with almost all
      methods of laparoscopic tubal sterilization my recommendation today is: bipolar
      sterilization on one site of the isthmical tubal portion with division of the
      coagulated tissue. Even so sufficient tubal tissue should remain intact to allow
      eventual later recanalization. We were never disappointed with this way of
      proceeding and so far, contrary to all other methods, have observed no pregnancy
      among our patients.

PMID- 6449398
TI  - [Laparoscopy in obese women (author's transl)].
AB  - At the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University of Graz
      laparoscopy in the obese women was modified. The pneumoperitoneum is introduced
      by placing the Verres needle through the pouch of Douglas. An umbilical incision
      through the fascia is made which admits the index finger of the left hand. Under
      control by the finger and elevation of the wound with clips the introduction of
      the trocar becomes safe. The technique is described in detail. The advantages and
      possible complications of this method are discussed and the first 25 cases
      reviewed.

PMID- 6449399
TI  - The isolation and characterization of mutants defective in nitrate assimilation
      in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The isolation and characterization of mutants altered for nitrate assimilation in
      Neurospora crassa is described. The mutants isolated can be subdivided into five
      classes on the basis of growth test that correspond to the growth patterns of
      existing mutants at six distinct loci. Mutants with growth characteristics like
      those of nit-2, nit-3 and nit-6 are assigned to those loci on the basis of
      noncomplementation and lack of recombination. Mutants that, from their growth
      patterns, appear to lack the molybdenum-containing cofactor for both nitrate
      reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase subdivide into three loci (nit-y, nit-8 and
      nit-9), all of which are gentically distinct from nit-1. nit-9 is a complex locus
      consisting of three complementation groups and thus appears similar ao the cnxABC
      locus of Asperillus nidulans. Extensive complementational and recombinational
      analyses reveal that nit-4 and nit-5 are alleles of the same locus, and two new
      alleles of that locus have been isolated. The results indicate that, as in A.
      nidulans, nitrate assimilation in N. crassa requires at least four loci (nit-1,
      7, 8 and 9) to produce the molybdenum co-factor for nitrate reductase (and
      xanthine dehydrogenase), one locus (nit-3) to code for the nitrate reductase
      apoprotein, one locus (nit-6) to code for the nitrite reductase approtein and
      only one lous (nit-4/5) for the regulation of induction of the pathway by nitrate
      and nitrite.

PMID- 6449400
TI  - [Luria effect in bacteriophages and the role of the products of recA+ and lexA+
      genes in its induction].
AB  - An analysis of UV-damages accumulation in the phages as revealed by delay of
      intracellular growth is represented using temperate lambda phage. The maximum of
      growth delay of phage lambda at given UV-dose was found with lambda red+,
      infecting Escherichia coli AB1886 uvrA strain. The growth delay was absent, when
      a strain RH-1 uvrA-recA- was infected with UV-irradiated phage lambda red3. A
      moderate growth delay was obtained with the phages lambda red+, infecting E. coli
      RH-1 uvrA-recA- or phage lambda red3, infecting E. coli AB1886 uvrA-. THe growth
      delay was also absent when wild type, recA- and uvrA mutants of E. coli were
      infected with phage lambda after 8-metnoxypsoralen + light (lambda > 310 nm)
      treatment. It is known that the crosslinks appear to be the DNA defects which
      give rise to the observed biological inactivation following psoralen + light
      treatment. However, a considerable growth delay of phage lambda, treated by 8
      metnoxypsoralen + light, was only found under condition of crosslinks repair (W
      reactivation and prophage-reactivation). The results obtained are best explained
      by the assumption that the growth delay reflects the time required for the
      postreplication repair (RecA, LexA, Red) of any lethal UV-lesion.

PMID- 6449401
TI  - [Study of the molecular causes of thalassemia. II. Deletion of alpha-globin genes
      in hemoglobinopathy H].
AB  - Genetic and molecular studies on one case of alpha-thalassemia, found in Moscow
      region, have demonstrated that the cause of the disease is the deletion of 3 of 4
      alpha-globin genes, presenting in the human diploid genome. The level of
      expression of the remained alpha-globin gene is much lower than that observed in
      the patients from other ethnic groups. One can suggest that in this case the
      deletion is spread on the regulatory zones of this gene.

PMID- 6449402
TI  - [Segregation of Q-polymorphic variants of human chromosomes].
AB  - The inheritance of Q-band polymorphism has been investigated in 15 families from
      2 villages of the Uzbek SSR on six pairs of chromosomes (3, 13, 14, 15, 21 and
      22th). Q-band polymorphism appears to segregate in a Mendelian manner. No Q-bands
      arisen de novo were found in this population. There is some evidence to suggest a
      preferential segregation of brilliant Q-band polymorphism but it may be an
      artifact caused by insufficient data and scoring error.

PMID- 6449403
TI  - An easy method for the selection of restriction- and modification-deficient
      mutants of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - An easy and rapid method for selecting restriction- and modification-defective
      mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 is described. This method employs selection of
      tetracycline resistant lysogens after infection with lambda::Tn10 phage and
      results in a high yield of spontaneous rk-mk- and rk-mk+ mutants.

PMID- 6449404
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of nutrition and metabolism of the inhabitants of Tien
      Shan and Pamir mountains].

PMID- 6449405
TI  - [Morbidity among children living in the city areas with different degree of air
      pollution].

PMID- 6449406
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the daily regimen and work capacity dynamics in
      schoolchildren with health deviations].

PMID- 6449407
TI  - [Method of teaching the subject of hygiene of clothing at the Chair of sanitation
      and hygiene].

PMID- 6449408
TI  - [Training of teams for sanitary control of the environment].

PMID- 6449409
TI  - [State of ocular refraction during a study week in students of 1-year technical
      schools for turners].

PMID- 6449410
TI  - [Working conditions and the health status of workers in the manufacture of bulk
      yarn from nitron-type fibers].

PMID- 6449411
TI  - [Working conditions and the health status of workers engaged in the flame
      spraying and treating of TPF-37 plastic coating].

PMID- 6449412
TI  - [Industrial hygiene in obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum crude].

PMID- 6449413
TI  - [Hygienic effectiveness of the measures for the sanitary improvement of the
      working conditions in the rectification of crude benzene obtained from coke oven
      gas].

PMID- 6449414
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of the working conditions in the burdening shops of a
      copper smelting plant].

PMID- 6449415
TI  - [Dustiness of the air from tuff processing and the measures for its elimination].

PMID- 6449416
TI  - [Importance of the early detection of neurotic disorders for the prevention of
      protracted occupational diseases].

PMID- 6449417
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of the working conditions for workers in natural gas
      transport].

PMID- 6449418
TI  - [Effect of the methyl ester of methacrylic acid on the body weight of workers
      engaged in the manufacture of organic glass].

PMID- 6449419
TI  - [Comparative results of lysozyme and prodigiozan aerosol treatment of complicated
      forms of pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 6449420
TI  - [Physiological and hygienic assessment of continuous matte output in the
      reverberatory smelting of copper concentrates].

PMID- 6449421
TI  - [Inhibition of in vitro polyclonal antibody synthesis in systemic lupus
      erythematosus by a soluble suppressor factor].

PMID- 6449422
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in Down's syndrome].

PMID- 6449423
TI  - Associations of acrocentric chromosomes in trisomy 21.

PMID- 6449424
TI  - [The possibility of side effects during the application of roentgenologic
      contrast media by the method of the biphasic bolus/perfusor injection and the
      monophasic bolus injection (author's transl)].
AB  - In spite to lower the dose dependent side effects by the application of
      roentgenologic contrast media in the computed tomography a system of a biphasic
      injection per bolus and perfusor was installed and compared with that of the
      monophasic bolus injection. Special rules on the installation of the perfusor at
      CT should be observed.

PMID- 6449425
TI  - [Computer tomography of the lumbar spine (author's transl)].
AB  - The scope of computer tomography in the diagnosis of abnormalities in the lumbar
      spine was investigated in 100 patients with lumbar pain. Computer tomography was
      found to be superior to other diagnostic procedures in demonstrating bony
      narrowing of the spinal canal. It can be used as an alternative to myelography
      for the demonstration of disc prolapse.

PMID- 6449426
TI  - [The radiological diagnosis of bronchial atresia (author's transl)].
AB  - Congenital atresia of the apico-dorsal segmental bronchus of the left upper lobe
      in a 10-year-old boy is described. The radiological features of bronchial atresia
      are described in detail and the view is expressed that the diagnosis can be made
      on plain films of the chest with tomography. According to present day concepts,
      treatment is not indicated in the absence of symptoms.

PMID- 6449427
TI  - Computed tomography in guiding of fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lung and
      mediastinum.
AB  - Computed tomography displays the image of the chest in a transverse plane;
      therefore localization and depth calculation of the lung and mediastinal lesions
      to be biopsied can be done easily and in a precise manner. Use of computed
      tomography for guiding the biopsy procedure itself ascertains control of the
      needle tip inside the lesion and assures a positive result of the biopsy. The
      procedure of using computed tomography for the planning and guiding of fine
      needle aspiration biopsy in lung and mediastinal masses is described. The results
      in 105 patients examined are discussed and the value of the method is assessed.

PMID- 6449428
TI  - [Aphthous ulcers--an early radiological sign of Crohn's disease? (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with histologically confirmed Crohn's disease are
      described. Eleven of these showed so-called aphthous ulcers. These were most
      common in the colon (five patients) and terminal ileum (four patients). Aphthous
      ulcers are small mucous membrane erosions on the surface of hypertrophic lymph
      follicles with surrounding oedema. From our material and from the literature we
      conclude that aphthous ulcers are occasional radiological signs and not
      invariable early signs of Crohn's disease. Their specificity has not been proved.
      Differentiation from gastric erosions in cases of gastro-duodenal involvement is
      discussed.

PMID- 6449429
TI  - [Importance of X-ray examination and endoscopy in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of
      Brunner's glands (author's transl)].
AB  - A rare and interesting alteration--hyperplasia of Brunner's glands--is reported.
      In 18 cases hyperplasia of Brunner's glands were verified by endoscopy and
      histology as well. Frequency of occurance, clinical characteristics, X-ray
      symptoms of the hyperplasia of the Brunner's glands and the radiological methods
      of its diagnosis are described. Importance of the aimed X-ray film, carried out
      by Spot-filmkamera and of graded compression is emphasized. Differential
      diagnosis between polypoid hypertrophic duodenitis and hyperplasia of Brunner's
      glands are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6449430
TI  - [Ultrasound in the diagnosis of ileitis terminalis Crohn (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to check the value of sonography in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease, 81
      patients who suffered from Crohn's disease were examined by means of real-time B
      mode ultrasound. Bowel wall infiltration along the terminal ileum that could be
      shown to involve the coecum as well, appeared to be a reliable parameter in the
      diagnosis of Crohn's disease. This finding was most pronounced in acute disease
      whereas in chronic or mild disease, characteristic signs of Crohn's disease were
      absent. Among the complications of Crohn's disease formation of intraabdominal
      abscesses can be demonstrated by sonography. From our results we propose to
      employ diagnostic ultrasound in the acute stage of disease. After remission the
      diagnosis should be confirmed by endoscopy and X-ray examinations.

PMID- 6449431
TI  - "Geometrical features" of the Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 6449432
TI  - [Trans-catheter embolisation of the spleen with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate.
      Experimental results and clinical application (author's transl)].
AB  - Partial and total trans-catheter embolisation of the spleen with butyl-2
      cyanoacrylate-lipiodol in 23 dogs lead to partial necrosis and cicatrisation of
      the spleen after 3 to 5 weeks. The embolised vessels do not recanalise, but are
      by-passed by extra- and intra-splenic collaterals. In five animals there was a
      reduction in the number of erythrocytes; after embolisation there was increase in
      the number of leucocytes, whereas the thrombocytes were unchanged. The most
      common complication which occurred in five animals was a 1.5 to 2.5 cm. splenic
      abscess. The procedure was employed without success in one patient with bleeding
      oesophageal varices. The procedure was complicated by extensive necrosis of the
      gastric mucosa. Trans-catheter embolisation of the spleen has significant
      complications, despite strict asepsis and antibiotic cover. The main indication
      of the procedure is hypersplenism which cannot be treated surgically.

PMID- 6449433
TI  - [The computer tomographic diagnosis of echinococcosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances and differential diagnosis in 22 patients
      with echinococcosis are described; of these, twelve were of the cystic and ten of
      the alveolar type. The computer tomographic appearances are characterised by the
      presence of daughter cysts (66%) within the sharply demarkated parasitic cyst of
      water density. In the absence of daughter cysts, a definite aetiological
      diagnosis cannot be made, although there is a tendency to calcification of the
      occasionally multiple echinococcus cysts. The computer tomographic appearances of
      advanced alveolar echinococcosis are characterised by partial collequative
      necrosis, with calcification around the necrotic areas (90%). The absence of CT
      evidence of partial necrosis and calcification of the pseudotumour makes it
      difficult to establish a specific diagnosis. The conclusive and non-invasive
      character of the procedure and its reproducability makes computer tomography the
      method of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of echinococcosis.

PMID- 6449434
TI  - [Time related changes in the density of liver metastases after contract (a
      densitometric investigation with computer tomography) (author's transl)].
AB  - The present investigation is concerned with the increase in density of normal
      liver parenchyma and of liver metastases after the injection of contrast.
      Following a bolus injection (5 ml./sec.) of 390 mg. I/kg. body weight the
      difference in density between metastases and liver parenchyma at one minute after
      the injection was twice the pre-injection differential. This lead to a better
      differentiation of metastases from artefacts, and the ability to demonstrate
      liver metastases with a diameter less than 1 cm.. Computer tomography is likely
      to be better than sonography or liver scintigraphy. Some metastases show
      peripheral concentration of contrast with an apparent diminution in size at 5 to
      10 minutes after the injection of contrast. Further investigation might lead to
      the ability to recognise the type of metastases where the primary tumour is
      unknown. After a plain film, computer tomography following injection of a
      suitable contrast medium is recommended.

PMID- 6449435
TI  - [Lipoma of the liver (author's transl)].
AB  - A patient with a lipoma of the liver is described; the accuracy of sonography,
      scintigraphy, computer tomography and angiography in the pre-operative diagnosis
      is discussed. Computer tomography appears to be the method of choice for the
      recognition of this very rare tumour, in view of the characteristic attenuation
      produced by fatty tissue.

PMID- 6449436
TI  - [A fine-needle puncture set for percutaneous bile duct drainage (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A new instrument for percutaneous bile duct drainage has been employed on 30
      patients with obstructive jaundice. The instrument consists of a 28 cm. long
      needle of 0.7 mm. diameter placed inside a 15 cm. long Teflon sheath of 1.4 mm.
      external diameter. This permits fine-needle cholangiography and biliary duct
      drainage as a single procedure. It causes little trauma and speeds up and
      simplifies the examination. The instrument is also suitable for transhepatic
      portal vein puncture.

PMID- 6449437
TI  - [CT for staging of systemic lymphatic diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - In 75 patients with lymphoma (46 Hodgkin's disease, 29 non-Hodgkin lymphomas)
      computed tomography was performed in order to detect neoplastic invasion of the
      abdominal organs (55 new cases) or to control the results of treatment (20
      cases). In 30 cases enlarged retroperitoneal or mesenteric lymphnodes and/or
      liver or spleen enlargement were found. Neoplastic involvement of lymphnodes
      without enlargement was missed in two cases. CT failed also to demonstrate
      microscopic malignant invasion of liver and spleen. The false-negative rate in
      our series was 10.9%. Computed tomography is a non-invasive method which is very
      well suited for staging malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 6449438
TI  - [Sonographic demonstration of the meniscus (author's transl)].
AB  - A menisceal lesion can be proved preoperatively by arthrography. Looking for a
      non-invasive examination we tried to visualize the meniscus by means of
      ultrasound. Besides procedure-hints first results with this method are presented.

PMID- 6449439
TI  - [The foveola pharyngea--demonstration in conventional tomography and computed
      tomography (author's transl)].
AB  - The foveola pharyngea is a cavity on the underside of the clivus, located before
      the tuberculum pharyngeum and, as a lager pit it was detectable in approximately
      1%, overall in approximately 4% of the personally examined x-rays (11/284) and
      computed tomograms (6/154) of the skull base. The canalis basilaris medianus
      inferior and canalis basilaris medianus bifurcatus almost always empties into one
      of the three forms of the foveola pharyngea (foveola pharyngea infundibuliformis
      posterior). The differential diagnosis to canalis basilaris medianus, canalis
      craniopharyngeus, suture sphenooccipitalis and bone destruction is discussed.

PMID- 6449440
TI  - [Angiomorphometric measurements for the functional analysis of flow in the
      territory of the superior mesenteric artery. Manual and semi-automatic electronic
      evaluation (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449441
TI  - [A comparison of static liver scintigrams in supine and erect patients (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The study compares the results of liver scintigrams performed on patients whilst
      standing and lying down. One hundred and ten patients were examined and in 12
      cases, examination in the erect position lead to important diagnostic
      information. By changing position, it is possible to exclude apparently abnormal
      defects of uptake; on other occasions the changed configuration of the liver
      permits the recognition of genuine lesions. Additional examinations on the erect
      patient help to reduce the incidence of false positive and false negative
      findings during liver scintigraphy.

PMID- 6449442
TI  - [Radiation dose during sequential renal scintigraphy for the determination of
      131I-hippuran clearance equivalents during pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449443
TI  - [Motor aphasia after cervical myelography with metrizamide (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of transient motor aphasia after cervical myelography with Metrizamide
      are described. A possible mechanism is thought to be prolonged contact of
      contrast with a brain already damaged by a pre-existing vascular abnormality.

PMID- 6449444
TI  - [Rare abortive form of phakomatosis in computerized tomography of the skull].

PMID- 6449445
TI  - [Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum with infundibular pulmonary
      stenosis and pseudocoarctation of the aorta].

PMID- 6449446
TI  - [Extraosseous accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in generalized secondary amyloidosis].

PMID- 6449447
TI  - [Erroneous diagnosis of a duodenal diverticulum as pancreatic pseudocyst in
      computerized tomography].

PMID- 6449448
TI  - [Brunner's adenoma in the duodenal bulbus].

PMID- 6449449
TI  - [Computertomographic presentation of a spinal fluid cyst after myelography and
      disk operation].

PMID- 6449450
TI  - [Computertomographic diagnosis of thorotrastosis].

PMID- 6449451
TI  - [2 cases of thorotrast kidneys].

PMID- 6449453
TI  - International Nurses Day celebration.

PMID- 6449452
TI  - [Combined right and left parasternal diaphragmatic hernias in radiography and
      computerized tomography].

PMID- 6449454
TI  - Reactive depression.

PMID- 6449455
TI  - [Carcinoma of the mandible].

PMID- 6449457
TI  - [Wilson's disease].

PMID- 6449456
TI  - [Nursing process].

PMID- 6449458
TI  - [Patient allocation, task allocation in relation to the nursing process].

PMID- 6449459
TI  - [Drugs and anesthesia].

PMID- 6449460
TI  - [Drugs and the colon].

PMID- 6449461
TI  - [Recovery-room care of the ketamine patients].

PMID- 6449462
TI  - [Danger! Why do old people fall?].

PMID- 6449463
TI  - [The prevention of febrile convulsions].

PMID- 6449464
TI  - Affinity chromatography on immobilized fibrin monomer, III. The fibrin affinity
      center of fibronectin.

PMID- 6449465
TI  - Hospitals play key role in improving conditions for the disabled.

PMID- 6449466
TI  - Ultrasonic measurement of respiratory flow.

PMID- 6449467
TI  - Dynamics and limitations of blood/muscle interface detection using Doppler power
      returns.

PMID- 6449468
TI  - Design and construction of an ultrasonic pneumotachometer.

PMID- 6449469
TI  - Evaluation of a laser Doppler flowmeter for measurement of tissue blood flow.

PMID- 6449470
TI  - Development of suppressor T cells in mice heavily infected with mycobacteria.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free B6D2 mice were infected intravenously with 10(8) viable
      BCG, M. habana or M. simiae and the level of tuberculin hypersensitivity to 2.5
      micrograms PPD or cytoplasmic protein antigens (CPA) prepared from the other
      organisms was determined using the footpad swelling test with increasing time
      after infection. This was correlated with the growth or persistence of
      mycobacterial populations within the liver. Spleen cells were removed from these
      infected mice and the level of blast transformation following exposure to PHA,
      PPD or M. habana or M. simiae CPA was measured in vitro. Early in the
      mycobacterial infections (day 14) thymidine incorporation by the spleen cells was
      significantly enchanced followed by a profound depression in incorporation rates
      as the infection progressed. The mechanism of this depressed response involved
      the production of suppressor T cells in the spleen. In the case of the M. simiae
      or M. habana infection, cells capable of mediating suppression were still present
      even after 12 months of infection. In the BCG infection, suppressor T cells
      declined with time so that by 4 months incorporation rates were back to normal
      and suppressor cells were no longer detectable in the spleens of the infected
      animals.

PMID- 6449471
TI  - Basophils and eosinophils in three strains of rats and in athymic (nude) rats
      following infection with the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or
      Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - A previous report showed that infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis stimulates a basophilia as well as an eosinophilia in the blood of
      August rats. The present study shows that blood levels of basophils and
      eosinophils were increased in two other rat strains, one inbred and one outbred,
      after infection with N. brasiliensis, and infection of two inbred rat strains
      with Trichinella spiralis also stimulated a basophilia as well as an
      eosinophilia. No increase occurred in basophils or eosinophils in athymic (nude)
      rats infected with N. brasiliensis, although both these cell types were found in
      the blood of control, specific pathogen free, nude rats in numbers comparable to
      those in specific pathogen free, heterozygote controls of the same strain. Rat
      basophils usually have few granules and in blood smears often appear as if they
      were partly degranulated. Basophils from uninfected nude rats contained more
      negative than positive staining granules compared with basophils from parasitized
      heterozygotes. The possession of small numbers of granules which vary in their
      reaction to stains of the Romanowski type is a normal feature of rat basophils in
      blood smears. Consequently rat basophils differ in these respects from those of
      other species.

PMID- 6449472
TI  - Suppressor activity of blood lymphocytes from guinea-pigs treated with ALS.
AB  - PHA-induced transformation of guinea-pig lymphocytes was profoundly inhibited by
      the injection of antilymphocyte serum (ALS). This effect, seen 24 h after ALS
      administration, disappeared within 3 days. Lymphocytes of animals injected with
      ALS 24 h earlier inhibited the blast transformation of autologous normal
      lymphocytes. The supernatants of short term cultures of such cells, even after
      pre-treatment with puromycin, exhibited the same inhibitory activity. It is
      suggested that the immunosuppressive effect of ALS is not limited to its direct
      action on lymphocytes.

PMID- 6449473
TI  - The induction of chronic antigen-antibody complex disease in selectively bred
      mice producing either high or low affinity antibody to protein antigens.
AB  - Mice selectively bred to produce either high or low affinity antibody to protein
      antigens were injected daily with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and studied for the
      development of chronic antigen-antibody complex disease. After 41-44 injections
      of BSA, evidence of circulating antigen-antibody complexes and renal localization
      of complexes was obtained in both lines. However, low affinity mice had
      significantly higher levels of circulating complexes than high affinity mice.
      Impairment of renal function was seen in low affinity mice but not in high
      affinity mice and there was significantly more complex deposition in the
      glomeruli of low compared to high affinity mice. Furthermore, the pattern of
      localization of complexes was predominantly mesangial in high affinity mice but
      in low affinity mice the deposition was both mesangial and in the glomerular
      basement membrane. The role of antibody affinity in the induction of chronic
      antigen-antibody complex disease is discussed in the light of these results.

PMID- 6449474
TI  - Limiting dilution analysis of the suppressive effect mediated by alloantigen
      primed cells.
AB  - T cells primed in mixed lymphocyte culture exert both positive and negative
      allogeneic effects on B cells expressing the appropriate alloantigens. The
      positive and negative effects can be separated by limiting dilution analysis:
      positive effects, measured by production of anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody, are
      revealed when low numbers of primed T cells are added to cultures of B cells and
      sheep erythrocytes, while suppression of the response occurs at higher T-cell
      inputs. In the present report, these negative allogeneic effects have been
      analysed in detail. Suppression was qualitatively and quantitatively similar when
      helper T cell activity was provided from any of several sources. Helper T cells
      in the alloantigen-primed population gave rise to active T-cell replacing factors
      even under conditions in which all microcultures were suppressed and suppressor
      cells were present at a high multiplicity in every well. The degree of
      suppression was influenced by the multiplicity of B cells in culture; as the
      number of B cells increased, more suppressor cells were required to inactivate a
      microculture. Taken together, these data indicate that the targets of the
      suppressor cells are B cells and not helper T cells or T-cell replacing factors.
      Although suppressor cells can prevent the activation of B cells by the more
      frequent helper cells in the primed T-cell population, detailed analysis of the
      stoichiometry of the suppression demonstrated that a single suppressor cell is
      capable of inactivating only a limited number of B cells, suggesting that a
      'ratio-dominance' model of suppression is operative in this system.

PMID- 6449475
TI  - Ratio-dominance model of suppression: an analysis by limiting dilution.
AB  - A theoretical framework is presented which explores two models of suppressor cell
      target cell interactions in T-dependent antibody responses. The first is the full
      dominance model, in which a single or limited number of suppressor cells can
      entirely suppress an immune response irrespective of the multiplicity of other
      effector cells present. The second is the ratio-dominance model, in which a
      suppressor cell is capable of inactivating only a certain number of target cells.
      Thus, the multiplicity of target cells in a given microculture well influences
      the degree of suppression. Both models are evaluated using limiting dilution
      analysis and two systems are explored. In the first model, suppressor cells alone
      are titrated into microculture wells containing all other cells required for an
      immune response. In the second, suppressor cells are added from populations
      containing a mixture of helper T cells as well as suppressor cells. This latter
      type of analysis is similar to that in which populations of T cells primed to
      alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte cultures are analysed for positive (help) and
      negative (suppression) allogeneic effects. The analysis allows us to conclude
      that such suppressor cells operate via a mechanism best described by a ratio
      dominance model.

PMID- 6449476
TI  - Effect of diabetes mellitus on two membrane integrated enzymes of erythrocytes of
      different ages.

PMID- 6449477
TI  - Microsomal ATPases from developing human placenta.

PMID- 6449478
TI  - Hamster T cells participate in MHC alloimmune reactions but do not effect virus
      induced cytotoxic activity.
AB  - The participation of hamster T cells in a variety of putative MHC-determined
      reactions was studied utilizing a well-characterized, highly selective goat anti
      hamster thymocyte (G alpha HT) serum. Hamster lymphoid cell suspensions treated
      with G alpha HT lose much of their capacity to induce local graft-versus-host
      reactions and to function as responder cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions. In
      contrast to the participation of hamster T cells in alloimmune reactions (MLR and
      GVHR), virus-induced, cytotoxic activity in hamsters undergoing acute virus
      infection is not T-cell-mediated. This latter finding was rather surprising in
      view of the major role played by cytotoxic T effector cells in comparably
      infected mice and rats. These results suggest that, although hamsters are able to
      respond to putative class II MHC disparities in allogeneic reactions, MHC-encoded
      molecules, presumably class I, are not utilized for induction of effective
      cytotoxic activity in response to acute virus infection in this species. The
      implications of these findings are discussed in relation to our present
      understanding of the hamster MHC.

PMID- 6449479
TI  - Suppression of the proliferative response to H-2D by I-J subregion gene products.

PMID- 6449480
TI  - Induction of a stable, heritable epigenetic change by mutagenic carcinogens: a
      new test system.
AB  - The expression of the E. coli gal operon was set under the direct negative
      control of phage lambda repressor by a fusion between the gal operon an the
      active cI cro segment of phage lambda genoma. This system can exist in two stable
      but reversible epigenetic states: (A) the immune cI+ cro- gal- state (white
      colonies on McConkey gal plates) and (B) the nonimmune cI- cro+ gal+ state (red
      colonies). Transcription of this gal operon depends upon activation of the PR
      promoter; hence requiring the removal of lambda immunity repressor (cI) from the
      oR operator. Short exposure of this E. coli strain to radiation or chemical
      mutagens/carcinogens leads to a stable, inherited loss of the cI repressor (due
      to the take-over by the cro repressor, repressing the cI gene) and subsequent
      constitutive expression of the gal operon. This switch, from the (A) state to the
      (B) state, depends upon E. coli recA+ and lambda cro+ genes and is reversible
      upon supply of lambda cI repressor; this is consistent with the fact that cI and
      cro proteins are mutual repressors, i.e., only one of them can be expressed at a
      given time. This E. coli strain provides the easiest, most accurate and sensitive
      assay for all mutagenic and SOS-inducing agents.

PMID- 6449481
TI  - [Social security in the framework of the European Economic Community].

PMID- 6449482
TI  - The general importance of proteins and other factors in the transfer of steroids
      into the rat epididymis.
AB  - The entry of total radioactivity into the perfused tubule of the cauda
      epididymidis was measured during intravenous infusion of labelled steroids into
      the anaesthetised rat. The effect of altering the composition of the perfusate on
      this entry and the nature of radiometabolites was also studied. No radioactivity
      entered the epididymal lumen during infusions of cholesterol, and in the absence
      of luminal proteins the entry of isotope was generally low (< 14% plasma levels)
      for all steroids except dehydroepiandrosterone. C21/22-steroids exhibited a delay
      of about 30 min before a slow rise in luminal activity reached between 3% and 14%
      plasma levels. For C19-steroids a low plateau level of radioactivity was reached
      (at 6%-9% plasma levels) with dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione, whereas
      luminal activity continued to rise with respect to blood during infusions of
      dehydroepiandrosterone. When protein was added to the perfusing solution the
      delay in entry of radioactivity was decreased and plateau levels established for
      C21/22-steroids (at 14%-38% plasma levels). The extents of entry of
      dihydrotesterone and androstenedione were raised (34%-47%) and radioactivity
      continued to rise in the lumen relative to blood, but at a faster rate during
      infusions of dehydroepiandrosterone and perfusion with protein. Testicular fluid
      protein had little effect on the entry of activity for any steroid. There was no
      correlation between the extent of entry of tracer with binding of the steroids to
      plasma or perfusates, or partition into lipids. Tentative identification of
      metabolites indicated an entry of both dihydrotestosterone and
      dehydroepiandrosterone during their respective infusions. Androstenedione and
      androstanediols were excluded whereas 5 alpha-reduced metabolites appeared during
      of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone.

PMID- 6449483
TI  - Employer acceptance of the Hansen's disease patient and other handicapped
      persons.
AB  - One hundred and four employers were interviewed in Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in
      order to compare their attitudes toward hirings the leprosy patient and persons
      with five other handicapping conditions (deep facial scars, the loss of two
      limbs, blindness, tuberculosis, and past psychiatric disorders). It was
      discovered that the noncontagious, nondeformed leprosy patient was the third best
      accepted of the six handicapped persons, slightly behind the job candidates with
      facial scars and tuberculosis. It was also found that 74% of the employers who
      were interviewed stated that they would either "probably" or "definitely" keep
      one of their workers if it were discovered that he had leprosy but was under
      treatment and represented no risk for other employees. A total of 82% said the
      same thing regarding a worker discovered to have tuberculosis. The single most
      cited reason by employers for having a negative attitude toward hiring
      handicapped candidates as a group was functional--the candidate would be "unable
      to do the job." The most cited justification for not hiring the leprosy patient
      was that "customers and other employees wouldn't like it." The author concludes
      that while there certainly exists employer prejudice towards the leprosy patient
      in the Bauru area, the study shows that this prejudice is neither unique nor
      insurmountable by any means. Later practical experience in rehabilitating and
      placing the leprosy patient in integrated jobs confirms this impression of the
      study. He urges that attention be given to creating many more integrated
      vocational rehabilitation opportunities for the Hansen's disease patient.

PMID- 6449484
TI  - Medical certification of leprosy patients and reservation in service for the
      physically handicapped, including persons with leprosy.

PMID- 6449485
TI  - Some pathophysiological aspects of spasticity and the search for rational and
      successful therapy.
AB  - In spite of the different uses of the term "spasticity", hyperactivity of
      skeletal muscle stretch reflexes is the one common factor and we therefore need
      to know how this is produced by lesions within the central nervous system and
      what are its consequences to the initiation and execution of voluntary movement,
      not only initially but also chronically. The alpha motoneurone is directly
      responsible for the initiation of skeletal muscle contraction and final
      integration of excitatory and inhibitory nervous input normally takes place on
      its surface. In spasticity there is not only loss of descending direct excitatory
      and inhibitory control of motoneurones, but also loss of the control of spinal
      interneurones which would normally regulate (principally by inhibition) segmental
      spinal reflexes, including the stretch reflexes, especially those concerned with
      antigravity muscles. Gamma motoneurones may also have a reduction inhibitory
      control with consequent increase of muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch, and
      this may be further exaggerated by changes in the physical properties of affected
      muscles. The peripheral disorders of function are more accessible to study and to
      pharmacological and physical treatment, but with the increasing knowledge of
      inhibitory mechanisms and their pharmacology there is hope that some degree of
      influence may be possible within the central nervous system, by therapy with
      drugs that mimic or prolong the action of inhibitory transmitters.

PMID- 6449486
TI  - Effects of levamisole on in vitro suppressosr cell function in normal humans and
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Levamisole-treated mononuclear cells from normal volunteers or from patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), when cultured with normal allogeneic
      lymphocytes, did not significantly influence the ability of the latter cells to
      proliferate when stimulated with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin
      A (Con A). Levamisole, furthermore, did not influence the ability of Con A to
      induce suppressor cell function from normal mononuclear cells. When mononuclear
      cells from patients with SLE were treated with therapeutic concentrations of
      levamisole in the presence of Con A, the drug was unable to restore the ability
      of the Con A to induce normal suppressor cell function. SLE cells treated with a
      high concentration of levamisole (60 micrograms/ml) in the presence of Con A did
      show some suppressor cell activity on normal autologous mononuclear cells
      activated by Con A, but not by PHA. Although the significance of this latter
      finding is unclear it appears that levamisole at therapeutic concentrations does
      not influence in vitro suppressor cell function of normal or SLE mononuclear
      cells.

PMID- 6449487
TI  - [New tissue preservation method for bone flaps following decompressive
      craniotomy].
AB  - Decompressive craniotomies with removal of the bone flap are still frequently
      performed in brain injured patients. Usually these bone flaps are refrigerated
      until reimplantation. In approximately 60% of cranioplasties performed in our
      clinic by this method we have observed considerable osteolysis especially in the
      marginal regions. This resulted in a instability which disturbed many patients
      and required an additional cranioplasty. Other methods for cranioplasty are
      briefly described. - For the last 3 years we have implanted the removed bone
      flaps immediately after craniotomy subcutaneously in the abdominal wall instead
      of preserving them in the refrigerator. By these means we were able to reimplant
      vital bone during the cranioplasty procedure weeks to months after the initial
      craniotomy. Our experience with this method shows a significant decrease of
      resorption in autologous cranioplasties. Out of 43 cases with a follow-up control
      after one and two years only 2 patients showed signs of resorption. One other
      bone flap was lost due to infection.

PMID- 6449488
TI  - Hereditary and acquired abnormalities in erythrocyte phosphofructokinase
      activity: the close association with altered 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels.
AB  - Specific deficiency of erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in Type VII
      glycogenosis presents a good model for the analysis of the relationship between
      2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) level and glycolysis in erythrocytes since
      glycolytic flow is partially blocked at the regulatory step. Enzymatic analyses
      of glycolytic intermediates of erythrocytes from a patient with Type VII
      glycogenosis demonstrated that 2,3 DPG is markedly decreased in parallel with
      fructose-1,6-phosphate (FDP). In acidosis including diabetic ketoacidosis and
      uremic acidosis a fall in 2,3 DPG is also associated with a marked reduction in
      FDP. On the other hand, in respiratory alkalosis glycolytic intermediates shift
      to the opposite direction and forward crossover at PFK step appears, being
      associated with an elevation of 2,3 DPG. These data indicate a close relationship
      between 2,3 DPG level and PFK activity in erythrocytes. At least in acidosis and
      alkalosis the alteration in 2,3 DPG level may well be explained by changes in PFK
      activity caused mainly through allosteric mechanism. In addition, twelve cases
      with hereditary PFK deficiency in muscle and erythrocytes reported in the world
      are reviewed and discussed briefly.

PMID- 6449489
TI  - Variants of red cell enzymes found in Japanese of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
AB  - In the course of our search for possible genetic effects of radiation among the
      children of A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we have obtained
      considerable electrophoretic data which clearly illustrate some of the genetic
      characteristics of the populations of both cities, which characteristics,
      however, have no relationship with radiation exposure of the parents. The
      frequencies of variants of phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) and glucose phosphate
      isomerase (GPI) were observed to be significantly higher in Nagasaki than in
      Hiroshima. As the difference in the frequencies of transferrin variants between
      two cities are also significant, it is apparent that the populations of the two
      cities are genetically different with respect to variation in certain protein
      systems.

PMID- 6449490
TI  - Histological and histochemical observations on the foot glands in some byssus
      bearing bivalves of the Waltair coast.
AB  - The glands responsible for the formation of the byssus threads in Arca
      symmetrica, Barbatia obliquata and Septifer bilocularis are the white gland,
      phenol gland and enzyme gland. Besides these, mucous glands are also present in
      the sub-epithelia. The size and shape of the cells of these glands vary in one
      and the same species. From histochemical investigations it has been revealed that
      these glands contain 1,2-glycol groups in addition to disulphides and
      sulphhydryls. The white gland secretes a protein material and the phenol gland is
      rich in phenols. These two combine to form a phenolic protein which is acted upon
      by a polyphenol oxidase secreted by the enzyme gland and leads to the formation
      of a byssus thread. The mucous gland cells secrete acid mucopolysaccharides,
      neutral mucins and glycoproteins.

PMID- 6449491
TI  - pH sensitivity of myosin adenosine triphosphatase and subtypes of myofibres in
      porcine muscle.
AB  - Myofibres from pig were classified generally into two types based on their
      reaction for myosin ATPase. Type I had a strong reaction for acid-stable myosin
      ATPase and a weak or negative reaction for alkali-stable ATPase; type II had the
      reciprocal properties. Types SM, SS and MS were defined and considered to
      represent types intermediate between I and II; they possibly reflect the dynamic
      situation of transformation of properties. Experimental results showed the
      sensitivity of the histochemically demonstrated enzyme to small shifts in pH.

PMID- 6449492
TI  - Scanning electron microscope histochemistry: the use of backscattered electrons
      to identify epidermal Langerhans cells in the scanning electron microscope.
AB  - Epidermal sheets reacted for ATPase were examined in the scanning electron
      microscope and images based on atomic number contrast formed by collecting the
      backscattered electrons. Langerhans cells lying within the tissue were revealed
      and could be related to surface structures by reference to conventional secondary
      electron images.

PMID- 6449493
TI  - Medusa cells: the morphology and cytochemistry of common amoeboid variants of
      eosinophils.

PMID- 6449494
TI  - The histochemical characterization of the coupling state of skeletal muscle
      mitochondria.
AB  - Isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscles of human and animals with
      neuromuscular diseases may reveal a loosely coupled state of oxidative
      phosphorylation, which is characterized by a normal phosphorylation in the
      presence of a phosphate acceptor and a maximal respiration in the absence of a
      phosphate acceptor. Moreover in these cases activity of mitochondrial Mg2+
      stimulated ATPase is strongly increased and cannot be stimulated by the uncoupler
      2,4-dinitrophenol. In this communication a histochemical technique for the
      demonstration of activity of mitochondrial Mg2+-stimulated ATPase to characterize
      the coupling state of muscle mitochondria in tissue sections, is described. This
      tissue-saving technique is especially suitable for the study of human skeletal
      muscle diseases.

PMID- 6449495
TI  - Functional overload of rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle during development.
AB  - The intent of this study was observe the effects of different training programs
      on selected biochemical properties in lantaris muscle of young rats. Littermates
      (10 days old) were assigned to endurance (E), sprint (S), and control (C) groups.
      Animals in each group were partitioned into either 21- or 51-day groups and 10
      day controls. Myofibrillar ATPase activities at 21 and 51 days (0.720 +/- 0.028
      and 0.719 +/- 0.012 mumol Pi.mg-1.min-1) were higher than the 10-day activity
      (0.191 +/- 0.022 mumol Pi.mg-1.min) for C animals (P less than or equal to 0.05).
      At 51 days, E training resulted in a lower ATPase activity than both the 21-day E
      and 51-day C animals (P less than or equal to 0.05). Sarcoplasmic reticulum
      protein yield and Ca2+ binding and uptake increased from 10 to 51 days for C
      animals (P less than or equal to 0.05). The Ca2+-binding ability for 51-day E
      animals (26.1 +/- 3.4 nmol Ca2+/mg) was greater than for the 51-day C animals
      (20.0 +/- 1.69 nmol Ca2+/mg) (P less than or equal to 0.05). The plantaris muscle
      of S animals were not altered at 21 and 51 days compared to C animals were not
      altered at 21 and 51 days compared to C animals (all variables). The results
      suggest that exercise training alters the biochemical characteristics of skeletal
      muscle during growth.

PMID- 6449496
TI  - Oxidative capacity, blood flow, and capillarity of skeletal muscles.
AB  - Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that the capillarity of mammalian skeletal
      muscles is correlated with the oxidate capacity of muscle fibers, or with the
      capacity for maximum blood flow. Capillarity of skeletal muscles from several
      species was determined using histochemical demonstration of phosphatase activity
      of capillary endothelium. Serial sections were incubated for succinate
      dehydrogenase activity as an indicator of muscle fiber oxidative capacity, and
      for myofibrillar ATPase activity. three types of muscle fibers were identified.
      Fiber area was determined by planimetry of projected cross sections. Succinate
      oxidase activity of whole homogenates was determined by differential
      respirometry. Muscle blood flow was determined experimentally or data were
      obtained from the literature. No consistent relation was observed for the
      different fiber types in the number of adjacent capillaries. Capillary density
      was negatively correlated with mean fiber area. Among adult animals of several
      species, skeletal muscles representing a 17-fold range of oxidative capacity
      demonstrated no relation between capillarity and oxidative capacity or muscle
      blood flow at maximum oxygen uptake. We find no support for relations between
      oxidative capacity of muscle blood flow and the capillarity of whole muscle or
      individual fibers and reject the hypothesis.

PMID- 6449497
TI  - Exercise capacity and cardiac function in trained and untrained thyroid-deficient
      rats.
AB  - This study was undertaken to ascertain the extent that impairments in a) the
      oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, b) cardiac functional and biochemical
      correlates of contractile capacity, and c) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)
      can be reversed in thyroid-deficient (TD) female rats subjected to an 8-wk
      physical training (running) program. Compared with a normal control (NC) group,
      thyroid deficiency caused reductions in the following: VO2 max (-32%), skeletal
      muscle homogenate respiratory capacity (-50%), cardiac myosin ATPase (-58%), and
      in situ-derived ventricular dP/dt max (-58%) (P < 0.001). The training program
      restored to within normal limits skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and VO2 max,
      but it did not improve cardiac myosin ATPase, Ca2+ regulation of myofibril
      ATPase, and dP/dt max relative to TD sedentary rats. However, the heart weight-to
      body weight ratio was highest among the three groups in the TD trained group.
      These findings suggest that maximal oxygen utilization capacity of TD rats can be
      normalized by physical training, even though intrinsic contractile capacity of
      the heart could not.

PMID- 6449498
TI  - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in the horse: study of 117 clinical
      cases and consideration of etiopathogenesis.

PMID- 6449499
TI  - The potential of phosphonoformate for the treatment of herpex simplex labialis.

PMID- 6449500
TI  - Deformities of the chest wall.

PMID- 6449501
TI  - Bringing surgical sterilization, the number one contraceptive method for married
      couples, to a low income rural population.

PMID- 6449502
TI  - Bowler's thumb.

PMID- 6449503
TI  - Pediatric review guidelines for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in pediatrics.

PMID- 6449504
TI  - Regulation and glutamic acid decarboxylase during Neurospora crassa conidial
      germination.
AB  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) from Neurospora crassa was assayed in dormant
      and germinating conidia that had been permeabilized by toluene and methanol. N.
      crassa conidia contained 10 times the GAD activity found in vegetativemycelia.
      During conidial germination, GAD activity rapidly decreased to low levels before
      germ tubes appeared. GAD activity in germinating conidia closely followed the
      decreasing rate of glutamic acid metabolism. Inhibiting protein synthesis
      partially blocked the decrease in GAD activity, but eliminating exogenous carbon
      sources did not alter the initial rate of decrease in this enzyme. However, when
      conidia were incubated for more than 3 h in distilled water, GAD activity began
      to increase and eventually reached levels comparable to those in dormant conidia.
      Either GAD was reversibly inactivated or this enzyme could be synthesized from
      endogenous storage compounds when conidia were incubated in distilled water.
      These results are consistent with the hypothesis that GAD is a developmentally
      regulated enzyme that is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the
      metabolism of the large pool of free glutamic acid during conidial germination.

PMID- 6449505
TI  - Cutaneous reaction to lithium carbonate: a case report.
AB  - A case of diffuse, erythematous, pruritic, maculopapular eruption which occurred
      on a limited, identical body surface with each administration of 2 different
      brands of lithium carbonate is reported. Clinicians should be aware of the
      possibility of this type of eruption occurring when prescribing lithium carbonate
      to patients.

PMID- 6449506
TI  - Acid hydrolases from Dictyostelium discoideum contain phosphomannosyl recognition
      markers.
AB  - Acid hydrolases from mammalian sources contain phosphorylated oligosaccharides
      which function as recognition markers for their receptor-mediated endocytosis by
      human fibroblasts. The discovery that glycopeptides derived from the slime mold,
      Dictyostelium discoideum, contain mannose 6-phosphate led to the suggestion that
      acid hydrolases from this source might also bear the marker. To test this
      hypothesis, the binding and endocytosis of purified beta-D-glucosidase (EC
      3.2.1.21), beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52), and alpha-D-mannosidase
      (EC 3.2.1.24) by human fibroblasts were investigated. These enzymes underwent
      endocytosis with efficiencies of 8.6 to 60%/mg/h, and 1 mM mannose 6-phosphate
      markedly inhibited their uptake (80 to 100%). The specificity of inhibition by
      sugar phosphates, the saturation kinetics of endocytosis, and the binding
      properties of D. discoideum acid hydrolases were similar to those reported for
      enzyme preparations derived from mammalian sources. In addition, 95 to 100% of
      the beta-D-glucosidase or alpha-D-mannosidase molecules from D. discoideum
      preparations were competent for in vitro clearance. Furthermore, the three
      purified acid hydrolases contain 5 to 7 mol of mannose 6-phosphate/mol of enzyme.
      This indicates that, unlike many mammalian enzyme preparations, most if not all
      of these enzyme molecules from D. discoideum contain the phosphomannosyl
      recognition marker.

PMID- 6449507
TI  - Mucin synthesis. I. Detection in canine submaxillary glands of an N
      acetylglucosaminyltransferase which acts on mucin substrates.
AB  - Canine submaxillary gland microsomes have been shown to catalyze the following
      reaction: UDP-GlcNAc + Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-X leads to Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc)GalNAc-X
      + UDP where X is porcine or ovine submaxillary mucin polypeptide or a low
      molecular weight substituent. This activity was shown by mixed substrate
      experiments to be different from two other previously described glycoprotein N
      acetylglucosaminyltransferases acting on N-glycosyl oligosaccharides and is the
      first N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase shown to act on mucin substrates. The
      transferase-catalyzed reaction proceeds at 70 to 80% of the optimum rate in the
      absence of added divalent cation or in the presence of 10 mM EDTA. The enzyme
      appeared to be unstable at 37 degrees C, but the reaction rate remained constant
      for at least 2 h at 25 degrees C. The enzyme showed a pH optimum of 7.0 and was
      stimulated 4-fold by 0.125% Triton X-100. Methylation analysis of product formed
      either with mucin acceptor or Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-alpha-O-benzyl indicated GlcNAc
      transfer to either carbon 4 or carbon 6 of the GalNAc residue of the acceptors.

PMID- 6449508
TI  - Mucin synthesis. II. Substrate specificity and product identification studies on
      canine submaxillary gland UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc(GlcNAc leads to GalNAc)
      beta 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase.
AB  - The preceding paper (Williams, D., and Schachter, H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255,
      0000-0000) described a novel N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in canine
      submaxillary gland microsomes which catalyzed the incorporation of GlcNAc into
      mucin acceptors. We show in the present report that the enzyme catalyzes th
      following reaction: UDP-GlcNAc + Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-X leads to Gal beta 1
      3(GlcNAc beta 1-6) GalNAc-X + UDP, where X can be porcine submaxillary mucin
      polypeptide (Km = 5.2 mM), antifreeze glycoprotein polypeptide (Km = 23 mM),
      alpha-O-p-nitrophenyl (Km = 0.52 mM), beta-O-p-nitrophenyl (Km = 0.92 mM), alpha
      O-o-nitrophenyl (Km = 0.86 mM), alpha-O-benzyl (Km = 0.77 mM), alpha-O-methyl (Km
      = 4.2 mM), or -H (Km = 1.2 mM). Ineffective acceptors (< 5% of the activity with
      Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-alpha-p-nitrophenyl) are asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin,
      asialo-alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc-beta-p-nitrophenyl, Gal beta
      1-3GlcNAc-alpha-methyl, Gal beta1-3GlcNAc, Gal beta 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminitol,
      and D-fucose beta 1-3GalNAc-alpha-benzyl, indicating that both the Gal and GalNAc
      residues are essential for acceptor activity. The beta 1 leads to 6-linkage of
      GlcNAc to GalNAc in the acceptor Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-alpha-O-benzyl was
      established by methylation analysis and high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy of a large scale preparation of product. Preliminary
      evidence has been obtained indicating that sialic acid linked alpha 2-6 to GalNAc
      or L-fucose linked alpha 1-2 to Gal inhibit the action of the beta 6-N
      acetylglucosaminyltransferase on Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-porcine submaxillary mucin
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6449509
TI  - The effect of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum upon activities of Na+,
      K+, and H3O+ ions.
AB  - Activities of single ions in concentrated suspensions of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      vesicles have been measured using ion-specific electrodes. With activation of the
      Ca2+-stimulated ATPase by addition of ATP in the presence of equimolar Mg2+ and
      activating concentrations of Ca2+, activities of Na+ and H3O+ increased to
      maxima, then declined to reach new steady levels; the activity of K+ decreased to
      a minimum then rose to a new steady state level. In the absence of Mg2+ and the
      presence of the ionophore A23187, vesicles failed to accumulate Ca2+ at all;
      extrema in activities of Na+, K+, and H3O+, however, were still observed, and the
      final levels of activities of Na+ and K+ were the same as their initial levels.
      The final pH was always lower than the initial pH because protons were produced
      by the hydrolysis of ATP. In fresh vesicles which accumulated and retained Ca2+,
      activities of Na+ and H3O+ were held at higher levels and the activity of K+ at a
      lower level than those reached in the absence of Ca2+ accumulation. When vesicles
      were solubilized by addition of Triton X-100, the minimum in pH was still
      observed. These findings are discussed in terms of a molecular model of active
      transport in which the driving force for transport is developed by a change in
      the structure of a small volume of water enclosed within a narrow cleft of the
      pump unit.

PMID- 6449510
TI  - The stereochemical course of phosphoric residue transfer catalyzed by beef heart
      mitochondrial ATPase.
AB  - The stereochemical course of phosphoric residue transfer has been determined for
      beef heart mitochondrial ATPase. When aden 5'-(3-thiotriphosphate),
      stereospecifically labeled with 18O in the gamma position, was hydrolyzed in
      [17O]water in the presence of the ATPase, the product inorganic [16O, 17O,
      18O]thiophosphate was chiral. The configuration of the product showed that the
      hydrolysis had proceeded with inversion at the gamma-phosphorus atom. This result
      suggests that there is a direct, in-line transfer of the phosphoric residue
      between ADP and water and that there is no phosphoenzyme intermediate.

PMID- 6449511
TI  - Regulation of phosphofructokinase by a new mechanism. An activation factor
      binding to phosphorylated enzyme.

PMID- 6449512
TI  - The calcium and magnesium binding sites on cardiac troponin and their role in the
      regulation of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - The cardiac troponin (Tn) complex, consisting of a Ca2+-binding subunit (TnC), an
      inhibitory subunit (TnI), and a tropomyosin-binding subunit (TnT), has been
      reconstituted from purified troponin subunits isolated from bovine heart muscle.
      The Ca2+-binding properties of cardiac Tn were determined by equilibrium dialysis
      using either EGTA or EDTA to regulate the free Ca2+ concentration. Cardiac Tn
      binds 3 mol Ca2+/mol and contains two Ca2+-binding sites with a binding constant
      of 3 X 10(8) M-1 and one binding site with a binding constant of 2 X 10(6) M-1.
      In the presence of 4 mM MgC12, the binding constant of the sites of higher
      affinity is reduced to 3 X 10(7) M-1, while Ca2+ binding to the site at the lower
      affinity is unaffected. The two high affinity Ca2+-binding sites of cardiac Tn
      are analogous to the two Ca2+-Mg2+ sites of skeletal Tn, while the single low
      affinity site is similar to the two Ca2+-specific sites of skeletal Tn (Potter,
      J. D., and Gergely, J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4625-5633). The Ca2+-binding
      properties of the complex of TnC and TnI (1:1 molar ratio) were similar to those
      of Tn. Cardiac TnC also binds 3 mol of Ca2+/mol and contains two sites with a
      binding constant of 1 X 10(7) M-1 and a single site with a binding constant of 2
      X 10(5) M-1. Assuming competition between Mg2+ and Ca2+ for the high affinity
      sites of TnC and Tn, the binding constants for Mg2+ were 0.7 and 3.0 X 10(3) M-1,
      respectively. The Ca2+ dependence of cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity was
      similar to that of an actomyosin preparation regulated by the reconstituted
      troponin complex. Comparison by the Ca2+-binding properties of cardiac Tn and the
      cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity as a function of [Ca2+] and at millimolar
      [Mg2+] suggests that activation of the ATPase occurs over the same range of
      [Ca2+] where the Ca2+-specific site of cardiac Tn binds Ca2+.

PMID- 6449513
TI  - ATP causes a large change in the conformation of the isolated alpha subunit of
      Escherichia coli F1 ATPase.
AB  - The physiochemical properties of the isolated alpha subunit of the Escherichia
      coli coupling factor ATPase, and changes resulting from the interaction of alpha
      with ATP, were studied. Amino acid analysis of alpha revealed 42% polar residues,
      4 cysteine residues, and a single tryptophan residue. The partial specific
      volume, v, of alpha was 0.74 cm3 g-1. Molecular weight value of alpha, determined
      by sedimentation equilibrium, of 55,000 to 59,000 were observed in guanidine
      hydrochloride, or in nondenaturing buffer in either the presence of absence of
      ATP, which alpha binds with high affinity. Sedimentation velocity experiments
      gave a value of s20,w0-3.52 S for alpha. In the presence of ATP, this value
      increased to 4.00 S, indicating a large conformational change of alpha when ATP
      is bound. A slow dissociation rate of alpha x ATP was suggested by the finding
      that a substantial portion of [2-3H]ATP mixed with alpha remained bound to the
      protein during native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, causing alpha to
      migrate with a higher relative mobility. A dissociation rate constant, koff, of
      0.21 min-1 at 22 degrees C was measured by following the rate at which unlabeled
      ATP displaced [2-3H]ATP from the protein. The properties of the interaction of
      alpha with ATP suggest that this subunit may be the site of the "tightly bound"
      nucleotides of the coupling factor ATPase.

PMID- 6449514
TI  - Reassociation of ankyrin with band 3 in erythrocyte membranes and in lipid
      vesicles.
AB  - The binding of human erythrocyte ankyrin (band 2.1) to the erythrocyte membrane
      has been characterized by reassociating purified ankyrin with ankyrin-depleted
      inside-out vesicles. Ankyrin reassociates at high affinity with a limited number
      of protease-sensitive sites located only on the cytoplasmic side of the
      erythrocyte membrane. Depleting the vesicles of band 4.2 does not affect their
      binding capacity. A 45,000-dalton polypeptide derived from the cytoplasmic
      portion of band 3 competitively inhibits the binding of ankyrin to inside-out
      vesicles. Although the bulk of band 3 molecules appear to have the potential for
      binding ankyrin, nly a fraction of the band 3 molecules in native membranes or in
      reconstituted liposomes actually provides accessible high affinity ankyrin
      binding sites.

PMID- 6449515
TI  - Sliding velocity between outer doublet microtubules of sea-urchin sperm axonemes.
AB  - Using a dark-field microscope equipped with a high-efficiency TV camera including
      a video tape-recorder, we recorded the sliding movement between outer doublet
      microtubules of the demembranated axonemes of sea-urchin (Pseudocentrotus
      depressus and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) sperm flagella by adding ATP and
      trypsin at 25 degrees C. The time and length of the sliding doublet microtubules
      from axonemes were measured directly from the image on the picture monitor from
      the video tape. The sliding velocity was almost constant in the range from 0 to
      2% polyethylene glycol concentration in the reactivation medium and decreased a
      little at more than 2%. We prepared various lengths of axoneme fragments by
      homogenizing whole axonemes and found that the shorter fragments showed similar
      sliding velocity to that of longer ones at less than 200 microM ATP, but slightly
      decreased speed at more than 500 microM. ATP. The sliding movement sometimes
      stopped and the percentage of sliding axonemes was lower below 2 micrograms/ml
      trypsin. Above 3 micrograms/ml, the process appeared to be more like
      disintegration than sliding movement, which may be due to excess digestion by
      trypsin. Sliding speed was therefore measured in a reactivation medium containing
      2% polyethylene glycol with the addition of ATP and 2 micrograms/ml trypsin. The
      velocity increased in proportion to the increase in ATP concentration. Vmax was
      approximately 14 micrograms/s at 2 mM ATP. In order to compare the Km for the
      sliding velocity with that of the ATPase activity of the axonemes, we measured
      ATPase activity of axonemes prepared and assayed under conditions in which
      sliding movement in the axonemes could be induced. Neither the curve of ATPase
      activity nor the curve of sliding velocity plotted against ATP concentration
      obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The close relationship between ATPase activity
      and sliding velocity suggested that 'sliding-movement-coupled ATPase activity'
      may well be reflected in the axoneme ATPase reported here.

PMID- 6449516
TI  - [Reflection on the use of the polyglactine 910 self resorbing mesh in the
      treatment of hernias and ventral ruptures (author's transl)].
AB  - The long term results obtained by Polyglactine 910 mesh in the treatment of
      eviscerations has lead us to specify its conditions of use in the surgical
      treatment of wall ruptures. As it is self resorbing, it may not be used on its
      own. But its remarkable acceptance allowing it to be fitted in an intra
      peritoneal position, with very lateral stitches, makes it a most outstanding
      material for top quality assisted sutures.

PMID- 6449517
TI  - 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency in malignant interstitial cell
      carcinoma of the testis.
AB  - A partial defect in testosterone (T) secretion due to a 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase deficiency has been documented in a patient with advanced
      metastatic interstitial cell carcinoma of the testis. Basal serum T was decreased
      (83 ng/ml), whereas androstenedione was markedly elevated (847 ng/ml).
      Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estrone were moderately increased, while LH,
      FSH, and estradiol were minimally increased. After hCG administration,
      androstenedione rose to much greater degree than T. Fluoxymesterone failed to
      suppress circulating androgens and estrogens to below basal values, although LH
      and FSH were suppressed to immeasurable levels. These data support a partial
      enzyme deficiency within the tumor. They also suggest that although the tumor was
      autonomous, it still was capable of being stimulated by exogenous gonadotropins.

PMID- 6449518
TI  - Cryptic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in families of patients with classical
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Serum androgens and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations and HLA genotypes were
      determined in 124 families of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to
      21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH). In 8 pedigrees, we discovered 16 pubertal or
      postpubertal family members of either sex who had biochemical evidence of 21
      hydroxylase deficiency but were without clinical symptoms of excess virilism,
      amenorrhea, or infertility. We designated these family members as individuals
      with cryptic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Within each generation, the family
      members with cryptic 21-hydroxylase deficiency were HLA identical. It is proposed
      that these family members are genetic compounds, having 21-hydroxylase deficiency
      as a result of two recessive gene defects: 1) a severe 21-hydroxylase gene defect
      present in the index case with classical CAH (21-OHCAH) and 2) a mild 21
      hydroxylase gene defect (21-OHCRYPTIC). Thus, the CAH genotype in the family
      members with cryptic 21-hydroxylase deficiency is 21-OHCAH/21-OHCRYPTIC. Lod
      score analysis for linkage between the cryptogenic 21-OH trait and HLA gave a
      combined Lod score for males and females of theta = 0.00 of 3.409. Close genetic
      linkage between HLA and 21-OHCRYPTIC was thus established. This study provides
      support for the previously reported heterogeneity of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
      which may result from allelic variability at the locus for steroid 21
      hydroxylase.

PMID- 6449519
TI  - Resensitization of testosterone production in men after human chorionic
      gonadotropin-induced desensitization.

PMID- 6449520
TI  - Deficiency of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with primary
      biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - In this study we show that patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PCB) have a
      marked deficiency in the ability to generate an autologous mixed lymphocyte
      reaction (AMLR) but have a normal ability to generate an allogeneic mixed
      lymphocyte reaction (MLR). This deficiency is not due to differences in the time
      course of the proliferative response or to an altered response to variable
      numbers of stimulator cells. The deficiency was consistently found irrespective
      of the methods used to isolate autologous stimulator cells. Both responder cells
      and stimulator cells obtained from patients with PBC were similar to normal cells
      in their ability to generate an MLR in allogeneic normal human serum. In
      addition, serum from patients with PBC inhibited the ability of normal
      lymphocytes to generate both the AMLR and MLR to a similar degree, suggesting
      that the defect of the AMLR in PBC is not due to a serum factor. It has been
      shown that the responder cell population in the AMLR contains a subpopulation of
      cells that mediate suppression. Therefore, it is possible that the deficiency of
      the AMLR may be related to previously described abnormalities of suppressor
      function in patients with PBC.

PMID- 6449521
TI  - Isolation and quantitation of the platelet membrane glycoprotein deficient in
      thrombasthenia using a monoclonal hybridoma antibody.
AB  - We used the hybridoma technique to characterize further the platelet glycoprotein
      abnormality in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Spleen cells from Balb/c mice
      immunized with human platelets were fused to mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14.
      Hybridoma lines producing a variety of antiplatelet antibodies were isolated by
      hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selection and cloned, and purified monoclonal
      IgG from six lines was prepared. One of these lines, 8aB5-9, produced an
      antibody, Tab, that binds to a protein on normal but not thrombasthenic
      platelets. We isolated this protein from Triton X-100 solubilized normal platelet
      membranes by affinity chromatography on Tab-Sepharose. As determined by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the isolated protein is a complex of
      glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, because the two subunits comigrate with glycoproteins
      IIb and IIIa of whole platelets and show identical changes in mobility after
      disulfide bond reduction. We prepared (125)I-Tab to determine the number of
      glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complexes on normal and thrombasthenic platelets by a
      direct binding assay. Platelets from 17 normal donors bound 39,000+/-4,600 (SD)
      Tab molecules/platelet. Platelets from four patients with thrombasthenia lacked
      Tab binding sites (<5%). Five obligate and four presumed heterozygotes for
      thrombasthenia bound 24,500+/-5,800 Tab molecules/platelet. The platelet
      alloantigen, Pl(Al), is not that recognized by Tab, because platelets from three
      Pl(Al)-negative subjects bound Tab normally. Studies with the Tab antibody have
      (a) enabled quantitation of the number of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complexes on
      normal platelet membranes, (b) demonstrated that thrombasthenic homozygotes lack
      and heterozygotes have a partial deficiency of this complex, and (c) made
      possible the isolation of this membrane protein which may be required for normal
      platelet aggregation and clot retraction.

PMID- 6449522
TI  - Dynamics of left ventricular ejection in obstructive and nonobstructive
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of left ventricular
      ejection in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (HCM). 30 patients with HCM and 29 patients with no evidence of
      cardiovascular disease were studied during cardiac catheterization. Using a
      single multisensor catheter, electromagnetically derived ascending aortic flow
      velocity and high fidelity left ventricular and aortic pressures were recorded
      during rest (n = 47) and provocative maneuvers (n = 23). Dynamic ventricular
      emptying during rest was also analyzed with frame-by-frame angiography (n = 46).
      Left ventricular outflow was independently derived from both flow velocity and
      angiographic techniques. The HCM patients were subdivided into three groups: (I)
      intraventricular gradients at rest (n = 9), (II) intraventricular gradients only
      with provocation (n = 12), and (III) no intraventricular gradients despite
      provocation (n = 9). During rest, the percentage of the total systolic ejection
      period during which forward aortic flow existed was as follows (mean +/- 1 SD):
      group I, 69 +/- 17% (flow), 64 +/- 6% (angio); group II, 63 +/- 14% (flow), 65 +/
      6% (angio); group III, 61 +/- 16% (flow), 62 +/- 4% (angio); control group, 90
      +/- 5% (flow), 86 +/- 9% (angio). No significant difference was observed between
      any of the HCM subgroups, but compared with the control group, ejection was
      completed much earlier in systole independent of the presence or absence of
      intraventricular gradients. These results suggest that "outflow obstruction," as
      traditionally defined by the presence of an abnormal intraventricular pressure
      gradient and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, does not impede left
      ventricular outflow in HCM.

PMID- 6449523
TI  - A further look at validity of the MMPI with low back patients.
AB  - Tested the accuracy of the MMPI for two separate predictions: organic vs.
      functional back disorder, and appropriate vs. inappropriate disability (N = 123).
      Consistent with other reports, the Low Back and Dorsal scales did not improve
      upon chance prediction. However, disability was predicted with a high degree of
      accuracy by Hypochondriasis and Hysteria, which suggested that precedence should
      be given to these two scales. Because organically based pain and severe
      psychological symptomatology were not mutually exclusive, the error rate was high
      when the MMPI was used to predict organicity. Clinicians therefore are urged to
      avoid predicting whether a physical basis for pain exists and to focus primarily
      on the psychological aspects of the disability.

PMID- 6449524
TI  - Determining the role of human substances in the fate of pesticides in the
      environment.
AB  - The data presented in this paper emphasize that the behavior and fate of
      pesticides in the environment is influenced by humic substances. Various methods
      most frequently used for the characterization of humic substances are discussed.
      Both humic acid and fulvic acid can solubilize in water certain organic compounds
      and are important carriers of some pesticides in soil. Humic substances have the
      potential for promoting the nonbiological degradation of many pesticides. Several
      methods of bleaching humus color from drinking water, including chlorination,
      ozonation, and UV-radiation, are described. Finally, the photochemical stability
      to UV-radiation of certain pesticides in aqueous fulvic acid solution is
      discussed.

PMID- 6449525
TI  - Human health effects of selected pesticides, chloroaniline derivatives.
AB  - The health effects of two pesticides, chlordimeform and propanil, are discussed.
      Chlordimeform and 2-methyl-4-chloroaniline, a major metabolite of chlordimeform,
      cause severe hemorrhagic cystitis in humans. In cats, however, only a mild effect
      on the bladder was noted. The herbicide propanil has produced chloracne in
      humans, and along with 3,4-dichloroaniline, hyperkeratosis in rabbits. The
      contaminants 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene and 3,4,3',4'
      tetrachloroazoxybenzene are responsible for the chloracnegenic characteristics of
      propanil, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and methazole.

PMID- 6449526
TI  - The effect of simultaneous oral application of ethanol and styrene. [1. Acute and
      subacute experiments on rats].
AB  - Within the lethal dose range, 8.70 mmol/ml ethanol (EtOH, LD50 = 226 mmol/kg) and
      6.86 mmol/ml styrene (ST, LD50 = 77.4 mmol/kg) had an additive effect in rats. A
      four-week pretreatment with 1/10 of the LD50 of the corresponding combination
      partner did not modify the lethal dose effect of the subsequently administered
      substance (EtOH or ST). Subchronical treatment with EtOH and ST had an additive
      effect, too but produced no cumulative effect in relation to lethality. Unlike
      EtOH, subchronical treatment with ST caused severe symptoms of illness, decrease
      in body weight and liver lesions. Histological examination at the combined
      application of EtOH plus ST showed no evidence of qualitatively or intensified
      effects. Subchronic administration of 1/10 of the LD50-ies of EtOH and ST
      produced in rats more pronounced histological liver changes than single
      application of the corresponding LD16-ies. Except for ATP'ase activity,
      histochemical reactions following EtOH or ST application showed minimal
      quantitative differences.

PMID- 6449527
TI  - Experimental studies on the chronic toxic effects of vinyl chloride in rats.
AB  - Male rats were exposed to vinyl chloride at the concentrations of 50, 500, and 20
      000 ppm, 5 hours daily, 5 days a week for 10 months. Morphological lesions in the
      liver and the testes detected by light and electron microscope and depression in
      body weight increase intensified with the duration of exposure. Increased
      relative weights of some organs and slight hematological and biochemical changes
      in blood during the course of the experiment were also observed. Some toxic
      effects including morphological liver injuries arose at the smallest exposure
      level, i. e., 50 ppm. Assuming 50 ppm as the threshold concentration for rats,
      the 5 ppm level has been estimated as the safe exposure limit in industry in
      relation to systemic effects of vinyl chloride.

PMID- 6449528
TI  - The complement system in bullous pemphigoid: VII. Fixation of the regulatory
      protein beta 1H globulin by pemphigoid antibody.
AB  - Using in vitro complement immunofluorescent staining methods, serum samples from
      5 active cases of bullous pemphigoid, with pemphigoid antibody titers of 320 or
      greater, were tested for their ability to fix the regulatory protein beta 1H
      globulin in addition to C4 and C3. All 5 samples yielded positive C3, C4 and beta
      1H staining reactions in a linear fashion along the basement membrane zone. Heat
      inactivation or treatment of the complement source (fresh normal human serum)
      with EDTA, Mg2-EGTA abolished all 3 staining reactions. Substitution of C2
      deficient serum as the source of complement inhibited both C3 and beta 1H
      staining but had no effect on C4 staining. Use of serum devoid of beta 1H (R beta
      1H) minimally enhanced C3 staining while no beta 1H staining was observed. The
      addition of beta 1H to R beta 1H restored positive beta 1H staining. Skin
      biopsies of perilesional skin from 6 patients with bullous pemphigoid
      demonstrated heavy in vivo deposition of beta 1H in addition to C3. These studies
      suggest that pemphigoid antibodies will fix the regulatory protein beta 1H in
      addition to other complement components, a phenomenon which requires activation
      of the classical complement pathway and generation of the C3b amplification
      convertase.

PMID- 6449529
TI  - Response of lymphocytes from lead, cadmium, and methylmercury exposed mice in the
      mixed lymphocyte culture.
AB  - Mice were exposed to various dosages of lead, cadmium, or methylmercury for 10
      weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, splenic lymphocytes were evaluated for
      responsiveness in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Cadmium and methylmercury as well as
      one dose level of lead tended (not significant) to stimulate the lymphocyte
      reaction. These results are discussed and compared to other investigations
      concerned with the effect these environmental contaminants have on the cell
      mediated immune response of animals.

PMID- 6449530
TI  - Tracing the time course of picture--word processing.
AB  - A number of independent lines of research have suggested that semantic and
      articulatory information become available differentially from pictures and words.
      The first of the experiments reported here sought to clarify the time course by
      which information about pictures and words becomes available by considering the
      pattern of interference generated when incongruent pictures and words are
      presented simultaneously in a Stroop-like situation. Previous investigators
      report that picture naming is easily disrupted by the presence of a distracting
      word but that word naming is relatively immune to interference from an
      incongruent picture. Under the assumption that information available from a
      completed process may disrupt an ongoing process, these results suggest that
      words access articulatory information more rapidly than do pictures. Experiment 1
      extended this paradigm by requiring subjects to verify the category of the target
      stimulus. In accordance with the hypothesis that picture access the semantic code
      more rapidly than words, there was a reversal in the interference pattern: Word
      categorization suffered considerable disruption, whereas picture categorization
      was minimally affected by the presence of an incongruent word. Experiment 2
      sought to further test the hypothesis that access to semantic and articulatory
      codes is different for pictures and words by examining memory for those items
      following naming or categorization. Categorized words were better recognized than
      named words, whereas the reverse was true for pictures, a result which suggests
      that picture naming involves more extensive processing than picture
      categorization. Experiment 3 replicated this result under conditions in which
      viewing time was held constant. The last experiment extended the investigation of
      memory differences to a situation in which subjects were required to generate the
      superordinate category name. Here, memory for categorized pictures was as good as
      memory for named pictures. Category generation also influenced memory for words,
      memory performance being superior to that following a yes--no verification of
      category membership. These experiments suggest a model of information access
      whereby pictures access semantic information were readily than name information,
      with the reverse being true for words. Memory for both pictures and words was a
      function of the amount of processing required to access a particular type of
      information as well as the extent of response differentiation necessitated by the
      task.

PMID- 6449531
TI  - Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent.
AB  - This article presents a method for discovering how the defining values of
      forthcoming body movements are specified. In experiments using this movement
      precuing technique, information is given about some, none, or all of the defining
      values of a movement that will be required when a reaction signal is presented.
      It is assumed that the reaction time (RT) reflects the time to specify those
      values that were not precued. With RTs for the same movements in different precue
      conditions, it is possible to make detailed inferences about the value
      specification process for each of the movements under study. The present
      experiments were concerned with the specification of the arm, direction, and
      extent (or distance) of aimed hand movements. In Experiment 1 it appeared that
      (a) specification times during RTs were longest for arm, shorter for direction,
      and shortest for extent, and (b) these values were specified serially but not in
      an invariant order. Experiment 2 suggested that the precuing effects obtained in
      Experiment 1 were not attributable to stimulus identification. Experiment 3
      suggested that subjects in Experiment 1 did not use precues to prepare sets of
      possible movements from which the required movement was later selected. The model
      of value specification supported by the data is consistant with a distinctive
      feature view, rather than a hierarchical view, of motor programming.

PMID- 6449532
TI  - Are movements prepared in parts? Not under compatible (naturalized) conditions.
AB  - This set of experiments is concerned with the specification of movement
      parameters hypothesized to be involved in the initiation of movement. Experiment
      1 incorporated the precuing method developed by Rosenbaum in which a precue
      provided partial information of the upcoming movement before the stimulus to
      move. Under conditions in which precues were provided by letter symbols and
      stimuli were color-coded dots mapped to response keys. Rosenbaum found reaction
      times to be slower for the specification of arm than for direction, and both to
      be slower than the specification of extent. In Experiment 1, using precue and
      stimulus conditions that paralleled those employed by Rosenbaum, we obtained very
      similar findings. The three follow-up experiments extended these findings to more
      naturalized stimulus-response compatible conditions. We used a method in which
      precues and stimuli were directly specified through vision and mapped in a one-to
      one manner with responses. In Experiment 2, although reacion times decreased as a
      function of the number of parameters precued, there were no systematic effects of
      precuing particular parameters. In Experiments 3 and 4, we incorported an
      ambiguous precue that, while serving to reduce task uncertainty, failed to
      provide any specific information as to the arm, direction, or extent of the
      upcoming movement. Initiation times did not systematically vary as a function of
      the type of parameter precued nor were there significant differences between
      specific and ambiguous precue conditions. In sum, only in Experiment 1 in which
      precues and stimuli involved complex cognitive transformations was there support
      for Rosenbaum's parameter specification model. When we employed highly compatible
      conditions, designed to reflect a real-world environment, we failed to obtain any
      tendency for movement parameters to be serially specified. We discuss grounds for
      suspecting the generality of parameter specification models and propose an
      alternative approach that is consonant with the dynamic characteristics of the
      motor control system.

PMID- 6449533
TI  - Effect of depth separation on metacontrast masking.
AB  - In most investigations of visual masking, spatially adjacent contours are located
      in the same depth plane, a practice derived from the assumption that depth is not
      a critical variable in contour formation. In nine experiments, the dependence of
      masking on the relative depth positions of the target and mask was examined. To
      permit facile manipulation of depth without introducing confounding changes in
      proximal stimulation, the stimuli were stereoscopic contours formed from dynamic
      random-element stereograms generated as anaglyphs on a projection color
      television display. The target was a briefly presented Landolt C with gap
      position randomly varied; the mask was an annulus that surrounded the target.
      Masking with stereoscopic contours was robust and subject to the same spatial and
      temporal variables influential in masking with physical contours. Depth
      separation of the target and mask produced significant reductions in masking and
      interacted with temporal order and egocentric stimulus position. These results
      have implications for models of visual masking and indicate that perceived depth
      is important in contour formation.

PMID- 6449534
TI  - Some effects of acoustic attributes of speech on the processing of phonetic
      feature information.
AB  - How do acoustic attributes of the speech signal contribute to feature-processing
      interactions that occur in phonetic classification? In a series of five
      experiments addressed to this question, listeners performed speeded
      classification tasks that explicitly required a phonetic decision for each
      response. Stimuli were natural consonant-vowel syllables differing by multiple
      phonetic features, although classification responses were based on a single
      target feature. In control tasks, no variations in nontarget features occurred,
      whereas in orthogonal tasks nonrelevant feature variations occurred but had to be
      ignored. Comparison of classification times demonstrated that feature information
      may either be processed separately as independent cues for each feature or as a
      single integral segment that jointly specifies several features. The observed
      form on processing depended on the acoustic manifestations of feature variation
      in the signal. Stop-consonant place of articulation and voicing cues, conveyed
      independently by the pattern and excitation source of the initial formant
      transitions, may be processed separately. However, information for consonant
      place of articulation and vowel quality, features that interactively affect the
      shape of initial formant transitions, are processed as an integral segment.
      Articulatory correlates of each type of processing are discussed in terms of the
      distinction between source features that vary discretely in speech production and
      resonance features that can change smoothly and continuously. Implications for
      perceptual models that include initial segmentation of an input utterance into a
      phonetic feature representation are also considered.

PMID- 6449535
TI  - Effects of perceptual quality and visual field of probe stimulus presentation on
      memory search for letters.
AB  - Observers indicated whether a single probe letter presented to the left visual
      field/right hemisphere (LVF-RH) or to the right visual field/left hemisphere (RVF
      LH) was contained in a memory set of 2, 3, 4, or 5 letters. For positive trials,
      the increase in reaction time caused by perceptually degrading the probe letter
      became progressively larger as memory set size became larger when the probe was
      presented to the LVF-RH but not when the probe was presented to the RVF-LH. These
      results were obtained regardless of whether the case of the probe letter varied
      randomly (Experiment 1) or only capital letters were used (Experiment 2). The
      results on LVF-RH trials suggest a relatively visuospatial memory comparison
      process, whereas the results on RVF-LH trials suggest a more abstract memory
      comparison process. In addition to these effects, the intercept of the memory set
      size function was lower on LVF-RH trials than on RVF-LH trials when the probe
      letter was perceptually degraded, consistent with the hypothesis that the right
      hemisphere is more efficient than the left at early visuospatial processes.
      Perhaps it is this efficiency at early visuospatial processes that produces the
      bias toward visuospatial memory comparison on LVF-RH trials.

PMID- 6449536
TI  - Why search for target absence is so slow (and careful!): the more targets there
      are, the more likely you are to miss one.
AB  - Five factors were tested as possible explanations of why it takes longer to find
      the critical row that does not contain a target letter (search for absence) than
      the critical row that does contain a target letter (search for presence). Various
      stratagems (e.g., asking subjects to search for a letter not in the memory set,
      presenting one row at a time and requiring a response to each row, and
      examination of sequential effects) led to the rejection of Factor 1 (Slower
      Processing of Targets), Factor 2 (Slower Recovery from Targets), Factor 3
      (Spatial Chunking or Use of Peripheral Vision), and Factor 4 ( Temporal
      Chunking). The evidence favored Factor 5 (Opportunity for Misses): Targets, which
      as a rule are easy to miss, are relatively more numerous in search for absence,
      so to avoid making many more errors, the subject must search more slowly (and
      carefully!). To estimate more accurately the slowing of search, the effect of
      self-termination (Factor 6), which speeds the search for absence, was removed.
      The slowing of search in search for absence was found to involve nontarget
      letters as well as target letters and to involve the memory-comparison stage.

PMID- 6449537
TI  - Context and the allocation of resources in word recognition.
AB  - Three experiments are reported that investigate the effects of context on the use
      of limited processing resources in word recognition. On each trial in all of the
      experiments, the subjects were presented with an incomplete sentence followed by
      a target display containing a word and two digits. In all cases, accuracy at
      reporting the word was affected by context, as expected. The effect of context on
      processing resources was examined by considering the accuracy of reports of the
      digits in cases in which the word did or did not fit the context. Accuracy of
      digit report was greater for digits surrounding words in related context, but
      only when the subjects were required to report the word before reporting the
      digits. There was no effect of word context on the digit report when subjects had
      to report the digits first. There was likewise no effect on accuracy of digit
      report when subjects were required to report only the word or only the digits,
      even when the cue was presented 250 msec after the target display was replaced by
      a patterned mask. The results suggest that the effect of context on the resources
      consumed in word recognition is restricted to aspects of processing that can be
      delayed until the subject is required to select an overt response, and a simple
      interpretation of the results may be given in terms of a slight modification of
      Morton's model of the interaction of stimulus information and context.

PMID- 6449538
TI  - Processing of visually presented clock times.
AB  - The encoding and representation of visually presented clock times was
      investigated in three experiments utilizing a comparative judgment task.
      Experiment 1 explored the effects of comparing times presented in different
      formats (clock face, digit, or word), and Experiment 2 examined angular distance
      effects created by varying positions of the hands on clock faces. In Experiment
      3, encoding and processing differences between clock faces and digitally
      presented times were directly measured. Same/different reactions to digitally
      presented times were faster than to times presented on a clock face, and this
      format effect was found to be a result of differences in processing that occurred
      after encoding. Angular separation also had a limited effect on processing. The
      findings are interpreted within the framework of theories that refer to the
      importance of representational codes. The applicability to the data of Bank's
      semantic-coding theory, Paivio's dual-coding theory, and the levels-of-processing
      view of memory are discussed.

PMID- 6449539
TI  - The Poggendorff illusion: consider all the angles.
AB  - In the Poggendorff display, which consists of parallel lines interrupting a
      transversal, one of the two transversal segments was replaced by a dot lying
      along the parallel. The angle between the remaining transversal segment and the
      parallels was varied in 15 degree increments, as was the orientation of the
      transversal with respect to the subject. Subjects set the dot to appear collinear
      with the transversal. Judgmental errors can be partitioned into additive
      components, one linearly related to the size of the obtuse angle between
      transversal and parallels and the other a sinusoidal function of transversal and
      parallels and the other a sinusoidal function of transversal orientation
      (collinearity settings err toward the horizontal or vertical, whichever is
      closer), plus a meridional effect, an interaction term that magnifies the errors
      of a given obtuse angle as the transversal approaches an oblique orientation.

PMID- 6449540
TI  - Attention and saccadic eye movements.
AB  - Four threshold detection experiments addressed three issues concerning the
      relationship between movements of spatial attention and saccadic eye movements:
      (a) the time course of attention shifts wit saccades, (b) the response of the two
      systems to changes in stimulus parameters, and (c) the relationship of attention
      to saccadic suppression. These issues bear on the more general question of the
      degree of independence between the saccadic and attentional movement systems. The
      results of these experiments support the contention that the mechanisms that
      shift attention are separate from those that control saccadic eye movements.
      Relevant events in the visual field periphery, however, will trigger both a
      saccade and attention shift. The attentional response to such events does not
      appear to be under subjects' control. The implication of these results for
      theories of saccadic suppression is discussed.

PMID- 6449541
TI  - Apparent distance of sounds recorded in echoic and anechoic chambers.
AB  - With miniature microphones inserted into the external ear canals of a model and
      the sound source 90 degrees to left of midline, low-pass, and broadband noise
      bursts were picked up and recorded on magnetic tape. The bursts were generated in
      two highly contrasting acoustic environments: an anechoic and an echoic chamber.
      The taped sounds were played back monaurally and binaurally via headphones to 16
      listeners seated in an acoustically neutral setting. They were instructed to
      estimate the distance of the stimuli. Apparent distances of bursts recorded in
      the echoic or reverberant chamber far exceeded those recorded in the anechoic
      chamber. It mattered not whether the sounds were presented monaurally or
      binaurally. What did influence distance estimates dramatically was the frequency
      composition of the stimuli. Low-pass sounds recorded in either acoustic
      environment were consistently judged to be further removed than high-pass sounds
      recorded in the same setting. They were also more likely to appear from behind
      the listener. In our moment-to-moment transaction with the acoustic environment,
      distant sounds generally have less acoustic energy in the higher audio frequency.
      We suggest that this lifetime of auditory experience influenced our listeners'
      scale of relative distance.

PMID- 6449542
TI  - Optic array determinants of apparent distance and size in pictures.
AB  - This study explored whether special mechanisms are operative in picture
      perception to correct for the distortion that occurs when pictures are viewed
      from the wrong station point. Five photographs were taken of a layout composed of
      two same-sized dolls positioned at different distances on a flat untextured
      ground. Perspective differences existed between the photographs as a function of
      varying the distance of the camera to the layout. Each picture was viewed from
      five station points along the normal by 12 adults who estimated the relative
      magnitude of the depth interval between the dolls and judged whether the rear
      doll was objectively smaller, larger, or the same size as the front doll. No
      evidence was found of a compensation mechanism operating to stabilize the
      pictured layout. Distance and size judgments were affected in a manner that was
      consistent with what would occur if an actual layout and the conditions under
      which it were viewed were similarly transformed.

PMID- 6449543
TI  - Inhibition of the glabella reflex by monaural and binaural stimulation.
AB  - The human eyeblink, elicited by a tap to the glabella, can be inhibited if a
      relatively weak acoustic signal precedes the tap by approximately 100 msec. The
      work reported here was designed to explore the surprising fact that more
      inhibition occurs when the acoustic prestimulation is presented monaurally than
      when it is presented binaurally. The present studies revealed that (a) given
      equally loud binaural inputs, a reduction of about 40 dB(A) in one of them is
      sufficient to produce inhibition comparable to that produced by a monaural
      signal, (b) the difference between nonaural and binaural inhibition remains
      constant as the intensity of prestimulation is varied, and (c) the simultaneous
      offset of a tone in one ear and onset of a tone in the other ear produces more
      inhibition than either monaural offest or onset alone. These findings suggest
      that the specific attributes of a given acoustic signal make independent
      contributions to the inhibition produced by that signal.

PMID- 6449544
TI  - Evaluation of multiple back pain operations.

PMID- 6449545
TI  - Appraisal of Doppler ultrasonic flowmetry in the diagnosis of perpiheral vascular
      disease.

PMID- 6449546
TI  - [Comparison of meatocisternography and X-ray scanning in the diagnosis of
      acoustic neuromas].

PMID- 6449547
TI  - [Glandular heterotopy of the cervical esophagus].

PMID- 6449548
TI  - [Esophageal microcancers (8 subclinical and subradiological cancers)].

PMID- 6449549
TI  - [Bazex's paraneoplastic acrokeratosis: 8 cases].

PMID- 6449550
TI  - [Two unusual examples of tomodensitometric-endoscopic comparison in rhinology].

PMID- 6449551
TI  - [Perinervous extension of lip neoplasms].

PMID- 6449552
TI  - [Contribution of evoked potentials of the brain stem to the topographic diagnosis
      of deafness in children].

PMID- 6449553
TI  - [Paroxysmal postural vertigo].

PMID- 6449554
TI  - [Maurice Aubry (1899-1980)].

PMID- 6449555
TI  - [Esophageal endoscopy in tumors of the esophagus. Apropos of 513 procedures].

PMID- 6449556
TI  - [Subglottic and cervicotracheal cicatricial stenosis. Apropos of 12 cases].

PMID- 6449557
TI  - [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 6449558
TI  - [Therapeutic results in a series of 60 cases of cancer of the hypopharynx].

PMID- 6449559
TI  - [Esophageal cancers associated with otorhinolaryngological cancers followed at
      the Gustave-Roussy Institute (diagnosis, therapeutic effects, development)].

PMID- 6449560
TI  - Characterization of lambda cysB and of two derivatives carrying cysB amber
      mutations.
AB  - The specialized transducing phage lambda cysB (Borck et al., 1976) was found to
      carry about 5 kilobases of Escherichia coli DNA. It was shown to have an intact
      cysB gene but none of the known neighbouring genetic loci. The phage (which is
      known to be deficient in its site-specific recombination functions) was shown to
      integrate into the chromosome of bacterial recipients at the cysB locus. Excision
      from this site occasionally generated recombinant phages that had exchanged their
      cysB allele for the one originally present in the host. In this way lambda cysB
      derivatives were prepared from lysogens of two strains carrying the amber
      mutations cysB242 and cysB257; these phases were proved by several tests to
      contain the expected cysB amber mutations.

PMID- 6449561
TI  - Host range, immunity and antigenic properties of lambdoid coliphage HK97.
AB  - Temperate coliphage HK97 was isolated from pig dung. Although HK97 is
      antigenically unrelated to coliphage lambda, it has similar morphology, host
      range and immunity properties, and can recombine with it.

PMID- 6449562
TI  - Effects of p-chloroamphetamine, a serotonin-depleting drug, on the median
      eminence and pituitary pars intermedia.
AB  - p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), an agent known to cause depletion of levels of brain
      serotonin in rodents, was administered to rats in three sequential injections
      (10mg/kg) to study effects on the hypothalamic median eminence and pituitary
      gland. One week following the initial sequence of injections of PCA, light and
      electron micrographs revealed degenerate fibers in the outer zone of the median
      eminence. Lower drug doses or single 10-mg/kg doses did not lead to morphologic
      changes. Neuronal processes located in the pituitary intermediate lobe appeared
      normal although there was a significant increase in the numbers of secretory
      granules contained within intermediate lobe cells drug-treated rats, as compared
      to controls. Fluorometric analysis of levels of catecholamine and indoleamine
      showed a decrease in serotonin in median eminence and pons-medulla, but no change
      in that of the pituitary. Levels of dopamine and norepinephrine remained
      unchanged after PCA treatment. The data suggest that fibers affected in the
      median eminence contain serotonin. Processes in the intermediate lobe may be
      resistant to the serotonin-lowering effects of PCA observed in brain tissue. In
      addition, PCA may directly affect granule release from pituitary cells, or may
      alternatively act on hypothalamic regions which affect the release of
      intermediate lobe cell hormones.

PMID- 6449563
TI  - Distribution of GABA in post-mortem brain tissue from control, psychotic and
      Huntington's chorea subjects.
AB  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were measured in 10 regions of post
      mortem brain from control, psychotic and choreic subjects; glutamate
      decarboxylase (GAD) activities were estimated in substantia nigra. In agreement
      with earlier observations, agonal status profoundly affected GAD measurements in
      the substantia nigra but had no effect on GABA levels in any brain region.
      Although GAD and GABA levels were significantly correlated in nigral tissue from
      sudden death control and psychotic cases, the association was lost in patients
      dying slowly. In Huntington's chorea significant reduction in GABA content were
      observed in the nucleus accumbens, lateral pallidum, subthalamic nucleus,
      substantia nigra and ventrolateral thalamic nucleus. In psychotic patients there
      were significant decreases in GABA concentrations in the amygdala and nucleus
      accumbens. Division of the psychotic group into schizophrenia and schizophrenia
      like categories and into early-onset and later-onset cases revealed that GABA
      levels in the amygdala were diminished in all 4 psychotic subgroups, whereas in
      the nucleus accumbens the deficit was confined to cases of early-onset
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 6449564
TI  - Iodoacetate inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a model of
      human myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) and phosphofructokinase
      deficiency (Tarui's disease).
AB  - A model of the human neuromuscular disorders myophosphorylase deficiency and
      phosphofructokinase deficiency has been developed using intra-aortic injection of
      sodium iodoacetate in adult male rats. Iodoacetate selectively inhibits in vivo
      the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The iodoacetate
      injected rats develop electrically silent cramps in leg musculature during
      ischemic (or vigorous non-ischemic) exercise. Post-exercise rhabdomyolysis is
      evidenced by a 10-fold serum CPK elevation, excessive uptake of 99mTc
      diphosphonate by cramped muscle, and type IIB fiber damage (histochemically
      demonstrated) in cramped muscle. Further analysis of this model will allow a
      greater understanding of the clinical syndrome associated with the human
      disorders and permit development of successful treatment programs.

PMID- 6449565
TI  - Electron microscopic histochemistry of ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities
      in mouse digital corpuscles.
AB  - ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activities were histochemically examined
      in the sensory corpuscle of mouse digital pads at light and electron microscopic
      levels. ATPase activity was found on the plasma membranes of the lamellar cells.
      Moderate activity was present in the caveolae, but little activity could be
      demonstrated in the other portions of the plasma membrane. ALPase activity was
      found in the caveolae but not on other portions of the plasma membranes of the
      lamellar cells. ALPase activity was also observed on the nerve terminals. Neither
      ATPase nor ALPase activity was found on the pre-terminal portions of the nerve
      fibres. These findings indicate that the caveolae of the lamellar cells may be
      involved in a transport function and that the plasma membrane of the nerve
      terminals may have some permeability properties different from those of the pre
      terminal portions of nerve fibres.

PMID- 6449566
TI  - The development of sensory ganglion cells in normal and Sprawling mutant mice.
AB  - The foetal and early post-natal development of dorsal root ganglion cells in
      normal and Sprawling (Swl) mutant mice was studied by light and electron
      microscopy. As early as the 11th foetal day the nucleus of some neurons showed an
      indentation of its membrane and by the 13th day this abnormality was marked and
      present in many ganglion cells of foetuses which were, therefore, identified as
      presumptive Swl'. A peripherally situated nucleus and the aggregation of
      filaments and organelles in the central perikaryon were also early abnormalities,
      similar to those of the sensory neurons of the adult Swl mouse. In the normal
      ganglion cells, nuclei were rounded and central by the 16th foetal day and
      nuclear indentations were never seen, thus making a clear distinction possible
      between normal and Swl foetuses.

PMID- 6449567
TI  - Comparative evaluation of three diphosphonates: in vitro adsorption (C- 14
      labeled) and in vivo osteogenic uptake (Tc-99m complexed).
AB  - We have investigated the in vitro adsorption of three C-14-labeled diphosphonates
      on calcium phosphate. The three are 1-hydroxy[1-14C]ethylidene diphosphonate (C
      14 HEDP), [14C]methylenediphosphonate (C-14 MDP), and
      hydroxy[14C]methylenediphosphonate (C-14 HMDP). All three adsorbed significantly
      more, per mole of calcium, on amorphous calcium phosphate than on crystalline
      hydroxyapatite. Among the three diphosphonates, C-14 HMDP adsorbed--on both
      amorphous and crystalline calcium phosphate--to a greater degree than did the
      other two bone-seeking agents. Moreover, when HMDP was complexed with Sn(II) and
      Tc-99m, it produced a significantly higher uptake of Tc-99m, per mg of calcium,
      in an isolated in vivo site of osteogenesis. The mechanisms of adsorption are
      discussed relative to the hydroxyl group on the diphosphonate, to the solubility
      of the calcium salts to the diphosphonates, and to the form of the calcium
      phosphate. These studies form a working rationale for the clinically observed
      high contrast obtained with Tc-99m HMDP between normal bone and soft tissue, and
      between normal and abnormal bone.

PMID- 6449568
TI  - [Rashes: recognition and management].

PMID- 6449569
TI  - Threonine imbalance, deficiency and neurologic dysfunction in the kitten.
AB  - The effect of feeding threonine-imbalanced and threonine-deficient purified diets
      (containing L-amino acids as the only source of dietary nitrogen on food intake,
      weight gain and blood plasma amino acid pattern has been examined in growing
      kittens. The imbalance was created by adding 17.5% of amino acid mixture lacking
      threonine to a low amino acid basal diet comtaining 17.5% amino acid mixture
      including 0.4% threonine. A depression in food intake and weight gain occurred
      while feeding the imbalanced diet which was corrected by adding an additional
      0.2% threonine to the imbalanced diet. There was no adaptation with time in the
      form of increased food intake or weight gain while feeding the imbalanced diet.
      Plasma threonine was consistently and similarly depressed (10 to 35% of normal)
      while feeding the basal, imbalanced and corrected diets and increased to normal
      when the standard diet with 1.4% threonine was fed. Plasma threonine and total
      amino acid concentrations of kittens fed the imbalanced diet did not differ from
      those observed in kittens fed the basal diet. Signs of neurologic dysfunction
      and/or lameness developed in 14 of the 17 kittens fed threonine-imbalanced or
      deficient diets, which resolved as dietary threonine was increased.

PMID- 6449570
TI  - The mucogingival complex in relation to alveolar process height and lower
      anterior face height.

PMID- 6449571
TI  - Migration of gingival leukocytes mediated by plaque bacteria.

PMID- 6449572
TI  - The appearance of bone resorbing activity in ligature induced gingivitis in dogs.

PMID- 6449573
TI  - Periodontal disease in the beagle dog. A cross sectional clinical study.

PMID- 6449574
TI  - Effect of chlorhexidine on plaque, gingivitis and alveolar bone loss in beagle
      dogs after seven years of treatment.

PMID- 6449575
TI  - Comparative colonization of human Actinomyces species in hamsters under different
      dietary conditions.

PMID- 6449576
TI  - Periodontal disease in gnotobiotic rats.

PMID- 6449577
TI  - Age-related changes in the periodontium of pigtail monkeys.

PMID- 6449578
TI  - Longitudinal aspects of gingival width.

PMID- 6449579
TI  - Collagenolytic activity of periodontal ligament and hydroxyproline content during
      human deciduous root resorption.

PMID- 6449580
TI  - Gingival crevice neutrophil function in periodontal lesions.

PMID- 6449581
TI  - Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. IX. the bactericidal
      effects of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes on isolated plaque microorganisms.

PMID- 6449582
TI  - Functional integrity of gingival crevicular neutrophil polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes as demonstrated by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction.

PMID- 6449583
TI  - Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the periodontal syndrome in
      the rice rat. I. General light microscopic observations and ultrastructural
      observations of initial inflammatory changes.

PMID- 6449584
TI  - Inflammatory reactions in the gingival region during the development of bacterial
      plaque in alloxan-diabetic dogs.

PMID- 6449585
TI  - Prostaglandin E and the local immune response in chronic periodontal disease.
      Immunohistochemical and radioimmunological observations.

PMID- 6449586
TI  - The effect of parathyroid hormone on the numbers of nuclei in feline odontoclasts
      in vivo.

PMID- 6449587
TI  - The effect of topical citric acid application on the healing of experimental
      furcation defects in dogs. II. Healing after repeated surgery.

PMID- 6449588
TI  - The effect of topical citric acid application on the healing of experimental
      furcation defects in dogs. III. The relative importance of coagulum support, flap
      design and systemic antibiotics.

PMID- 6449589
TI  - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: a case report.
AB  - A case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is presented. Hyperkeratosis of the palms and
      soles along with precocious destruction of the periodontal support of both the
      primary and permanent dentitions were observed. Ectopic intra-cranial calcified
      deposits, seen in some cases of the syndrome, were absent in this case. A greater
      awareness of this condition among dentists and dermatologists would be helpful in
      identifying more cases for study.

PMID- 6449590
TI  - Activation of cat muscle spindle primary, secondary and intermediate sensory
      endings by suxamethonium.
AB  - 1. These experiments were based on the recent observation of Gladden (1976), that
      acetylcholine (ACh) when applied to the isolated cat muscle spindle caused
      contraction of the dynamic and the static nuclear bag fibres, and not of the
      nuclear chain fibres, and that the dynamic nuclear bag fibre had the lower
      threshold to ACh than the static nuclear bag fibre. Subsequently, suxamethonium
      (SCh) has been shown to have similar effects on the intrafusal muscle fibres
      (Gladden & McWilliam, 1977). 2. In these experiments, the response of cat soleus
      muscle spindle primary, secondary and 'intermediate' sensory endings to
      repetitive ramp stretches during continuous slow infusions of SCh were studied.
      The changes observed are interpreted on the basis of the known action of SCh on
      the intrafusal muscle fibres of the isolated spindle. 3. Primary sensory endings,
      with afferent axon conduction velocities above 80 m/sec, were activated during
      SCh infusion in three stages. In Phase I of excitation, a gradual facilitation of
      the discharge of the Ia endings was seen, without potentiation of the dynamic or
      length sensitivity to stretch. In Phase II of excitation, the dynamic sensitivity
      of the Ia endings increased very markedly. In Phase III of excitation, an
      increase in length sensitivity was superimposed on the already enhanced dynamic
      sensitivity. 4. Secondary sensory endings, with afferent axon conduction
      velocities below 60 m/sec, only experienced a gradual facilitation of their
      discharge during SCh infusion, similar to the Phase I effects of SCh on primary
      endings. 5. The majority of 'intermediate' sensory endings, with afferent axon
      conduction velocities between 60 and 80 m/sec, were activated by SCh either in
      the same way as primary endings, or in the same way as secondary endings.
      However, a significant number of these sensory endings behaved in a truly
      intermediate manner during SCh infusion (cf. Rack & Westbury, 1966), and may
      represent an intermediate form of spindle sensory ending. 6. The afferent axon
      conduction velocities of these truly intermediate sensory endings were restricted
      to the range 69-77 m/sec. All the 'intermediate' endings which were activated in
      a primary-like manner had afferent axons conducting at velocities greater than 74
      m/sec. 'Intermediate' endings which were activated in a secondary-like manner had
      afferent axon conduction velocities below 72 m/sec. 7. The probable contribution
      of the static and dynamic nuclear bag fibres to the discharge of each type of
      spindle sensory ending is discussed.

PMID- 6449591
TI  - Contrasting roles of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline in fever in rats.
AB  - 1. We have investigated the effects of endogenous monoamine depletion on the
      development of fever in rats. 2. Fever was produced in rats by a single
      intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin or leucocyte pyrogen
      manufactured from ox blood. 3. Depletion of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by
      pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine prevented the rise in rectal temperature
      produced both by bacterial endotoxin and by leucocyte pyrogen. 4. On the other
      hand depletion of noradrenaline (NA) by 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment resulted
      in a potentiation of the fever produced by bacterial endotoxin. 5. These results
      suggest that 5-HT is involved in mechanisms responsible for the rise in
      temperature during fever and that NA is involved in mechanisms which serve to
      attenuate the rise.

PMID- 6449592
TI  - Fusimotor activity in masseter nerve of the cat during reflex jaw movements.
AB  - 1. Unit recordings have been made from the central ends of filaments of the
      masseter nerve in lightly anaesthetized cats. Evidence is presented to show that
      fusimotor activity may be distinguished from alpha motor activity. 2. During
      reflex cyclic movements induced by intra-oral stimulation, two distinct patterns
      of fusimotor firing emerged. One type of unit increased firing at the beginning
      and sustained this with little modulation throughout the movements. The other
      type was strongly modulated approximately in parallel with the alpha motor
      activity. 3. By comparison with records of jaw elevator spindle afferents under
      similar conditions, it was deduced that the sustained type of action was due to
      dynamic fusimotor neurones while the modulated type was due to static fusimotor
      neurones. 4. The patterns of fusimotor activity seen in these rhythmic movements
      under light anaesthesia agree well with the patterns deduced from spindle
      recordings in the conscious cat during mastication. 5. The results emphasize the
      importance of looking beyond a simple hypothesis of 'alpha-gamma co-activation'
      to explain fusimotor function. It is proposed that tonic dynamic fusimotor
      activity is set at the beginning of a movement to determine the incremental
      sensitivity of primary endings to stretch. The static fusimotor fibres are
      activated principally during shortening to help keep both primary and secondary
      endings active.

PMID- 6449593
TI  - [Critical study of the methods available for detecting hepatic metastases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on a review of data in the published literature, and the results of their
      personal experience in the Antoine-Lacassagne Centre in Nice, the authors discuss
      the different techniques employed for the detection of hepatic metastases:
      biological tests, liver needle biopsy, laparoscopy, laparotomy, hepatic
      angiography, scintigraphy, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. In 90 p.
      cent of cases liver biological tests and ultrasonography were sufficient to
      eliminate or confirm the presence of hepatic metastases. When there is no
      correlation between the results of the different non-traumatic techniques, one is
      justified in proposing a liver biopsy under laparoscopy.

PMID- 6449594
TI  - Normal T cell regulation of IgG synthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The regulation of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated IgG synthesis by peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBL) was studied in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and controls. The helper-T, suppressor-T and B cell functions
      of SLE-PBL were separately evaluated and compared to the functions of control
      lymphocyte populations. SLE-T cells function normally both in helper and
      suppressor modulation of PWM-stimulated IgG secretion by control or autologous B
      cells. The SLE-B cell, however, fails to synthesize normal quantities of IgG when
      cultured under conditions that induce maximal stimulation. While other studies
      document abnormal Con A induced suppressor cell function in SLE, this study shows
      that normal functioning populations of SLE-suppressor T cells exist in the
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 6449595
TI  - Outer surface protein of bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 6449596
TI  - Kinetics of RecA protein-directed inactivation of repressors of phage lambda and
      phage P22.

PMID- 6449597
TI  - Transcription of cloned DNA from Bacillus subtilis phage SP01. Requirement for
      hydroxymethyluracil-containing DNA by phage-modified RNA polymerase.

PMID- 6449598
TI  - Novel mutations of Escherichia coli that produce recombinogenic lesions in DNA.
      I. Identification and mapping of arl mutations.

PMID- 6449599
TI  - Novel mutants of Escherichia coli that produce recombinogenic lesions in DNA. II.
      Properties of recombinogenic lambda phages grown on bacteria carrying arl
      mutations.

PMID- 6449600
TI  - Electron microscopic determination of the preferential binding sites of
      Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to phi X174 replicative form DNA.

PMID- 6449601
TI  - Protein rotational diffusion and lipid structure of reconstituted systems of Ca2+
      activated adenosine triphosphatase.

PMID- 6449602
TI  - Conservation and DNA sequence arrangement of the DNA polymerase I gene region
      from Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6449603
TI  - Catenation and supercoiling in the products of bacteriophage lambda integrative
      recombination in vitro.

PMID- 6449604
TI  - Elevated collagen content in volume overload induced cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID- 6449605
TI  - Molecular evolution of mRNA: a method for estimating evolutionary rates of
      synonymous and amino acid substitutions from homologous nucleotide sequences and
      its application.
AB  - A method for estimating the evolutionary rates of synonymous and amino acid
      substitutions from homologous nucleotide sequences is presented. This method is
      applied to genes of phi X174 and G4 genomes, histone genes and beta-globin genes,
      for which homologous nucleotide sequences are available for comparison to be
      made. It is shown that the rates of synonymous substitutions are quite uniform
      among the non-overlapping genes of phi X174 and G4 and among histone genes H4,
      H2B, H3 and H2A. A comparison between phi X174 and G4 reveals that, in the
      overlapping segments of the A-gene, the rate of synonymous substitution is
      reduced more significantly than the rate of amino acid substitution relative to
      the corresponding rate in the non-overlapping segment. It is also suggested that,
      in the coding region surrounding the splicing points of intervening sequences of
      beta-globin genes, there exist rigid secondary structures. It is in only these
      regions that the beta-globin genes show the slowing down of evolutionary rates of
      both synonymous and amino acid substitutions in the primate line.

PMID- 6449606
TI  - Cleavage of phi X174 single-stranded DNA by gene A protein and formation of a
      tight protein-DNA complex.
AB  - The gene A protein cleaves phi X174 single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The cleavage
      appears to be stoichiometric, whereby a gene A protein molecule breaks a
      phosphodiester bond and binds to the 5' end. The enzyme introduces mostly a
      single break in a circular ssDNA molecule. However, at high enzyme-to-DNA ratios,
      more than one break in the DNA could be observed. The cleavage of the ssDNA by
      gene A protein renders the DNA sensitive to the action of terminal transferase to
      incorporate [alpha -32P]ATP. Thus, the 3'OH end is free. All attempts to label
      the 5' end by T4-induced polynucleotide kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP failed. The
      formation of a gene A-ssDNA complex was demonstrated directly by using 3H-labeled
      gene A protein and 32P-labeled ssDNA in the reaction. Such a complex is resistant
      to treatments with 0.2 M NaOH, banding in CsCl, and boiling in 2.5% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. Only treatment with a nuclease released the bound protein. Also,
      after cleaving [32P]ssDNA by gene A protein, followed by either DNase I or
      micrococcal nuclease digestion, a fraction of the 32P label remained resistant to
      nuclease treatment and comigrated with gene A protein on polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 6449607
TI  - Congenital anomalies in children with testicular germ cell tumor.
AB  - The incidence and type of congenital anomalies associated with childhood
      testicular germ cell tumors were studied retrospectively in 25 patients (20 cases
      of yolk sac tumor and 5 cases of teratoma). Congenital anomalies were observed in
      3 patients with yolk sac tumors and in 1 patient who had a mature teratoma. The
      abnormalities observed included individual cases of retrocaval ureter,
      diverticulum of the bladder, Down's syndrome and an ipsilateral inguinal hernia.
      Children with a testicular tumor should be examined closely for congenital
      abnormalities.

PMID- 6449608
TI  - [Innovation in nursing equipment. An instrument to measure the height of severely
      handicapped children].

PMID- 6449609
TI  - [Parents of children with Down's syndrome and the roles of midwives and public
      health nurses].

PMID- 6449610
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of post-infarction left-ventricular damage].

PMID- 6449611
TI  - [Metabolic disorders in the myocardium in noncoronarogenic diseases].
AB  - Metabolic disorders develop in the myocardium in its noncoronarogenic diseases as
      a consequence of changes in the myocardiocyte electrolyte balance, disturbed
      energy potential of the muscle cell, changes in the properties of the myoplasm
      protein, and the direct damaging action on the cell organnelles. The authors
      studied the metabolic processes in the myocardium in myocardial dystrophy,
      myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy (55 cases). Subendomyocardial biopsy was
      conducted in 18 patients, post-mortem material was studied in 42 cases. Electron
      microscopy and histochemical studies were carried out. It was established that
      the morphological manifestations of metabolic disorders in the myocardium in its
      noncoronarogenic diseases are very diverse: these are disorders of oxidative
      processes and ATP synthesis, protein metabolism, glycogen metabolism, electrolyte
      balance, etc. A conclusion is drawn that it is necessary to record these changes
      in the treatment of noncoronarogenic myocardial diseases.

PMID- 6449612
TI  - [Cardiological legacy of Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (on the millenium of his birth)].

PMID- 6449613
TI  - [Familial cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Data concerning two whole brothers with familial cardiomyopathy diagnosed during
      life are discussed. The disease was manifetsed in the brothers by similar
      clinical and instrumental symptoms, namely, congestive circulatory insufficiency,
      marked hypertrophy mainly of the left parts of the heart, and pronounced
      cardiomegalia. The diagnosis was confirmed by intravital myocardial puncture
      biopsy which yielded evidence in favour of clear-cut predominance of processes of
      hypertrophy with no manifestations of an active inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 6449614
TI  - [Aortic stenoses in echocardiography].

PMID- 6449615
TI  - [Practical experience of the surgical service in a medical first aid hospital].

PMID- 6449616
TI  - [Special study methods in the diagnosis of destructive forms of acute
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 6449617
TI  - [A. G. Mirza-Avakian (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 6449618
TI  - [Dimexide treatment of suppurative wounds].

PMID- 6449619
TI  - [2 cases of congenital hypoplasia of the anterior abdominal wall in infancy
      (prune belly syndrome)].

PMID- 6449620
TI  - [Scintigraphy and laparoscopy for precise determination of the hepatic status of
      stomach cancer patients].

PMID- 6449621
TI  - [The role of the sclera in the pathogenesis of progressive myopia (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Different parts of the sclera have different biochemical and biomechanical
      properties. It was shown that the sclera is much more extensible in the
      meridional than in the equatorial direction; this extensibility of the sclera was
      especially marked in myopic eyes. Bulbar stretching is probably due to an
      accumulation of residual microdeformations in the sclera as a result of its
      periodical overload. In scleras of myopic eyes structural anomalies were found
      which might be explained by an incomplete fibrillogenesis. The deterioration of
      the biomechanical properties of the sclera in myopia seems to be linked to a
      metabolic disturbance of the acid mucopolysaccharides.

PMID- 6449622
TI  - [Clinical use of muscle relaxants in unanesthetized patients, and new
      developments].

PMID- 6449623
TI  - [Use of muscle relaxants in intensive care: indications and contraindications].

PMID- 6449624
TI  - [Application of television in the training of cardiology specialists].

PMID- 6449625
TI  - [Deontological training of students during the teaching of clinical disciplines].

PMID- 6449626
TI  - [Abu Ali Ibn-Sina and medical ethics].

PMID- 6449627
TI  - [Contribution of Academician G.I. Markelov to the theory of Soviet neurology (on
      the 100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 6449628
TI  - [Clinical course of Q fever over the past 20 years].

PMID- 6449629
TI  - [Physical handicap and health education].

PMID- 6449630
TI  - Stereospecific inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by L-tetramisole prevents in
      vitro cartilage calcification.
AB  - To clarify the role of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ATPase in skeletal
      mineralization, we studied the effect of the anthelmintic drug, l-tetramisole
      (levamisole), a stereospecific inhibitor of ALP activity, and its inactive
      isomer, d-tetramisole (dexamisole), on in vitro calcification of rachitic rat
      cartilage. ALP activity in homogenized rachitic rat proximal tibiae was inhibited
      by l-tetramisole in a dose-dependent manner. Histochemical and electron
      microscopic cytochemical analysis of intact epiphyseal plate rachitic rat
      cartilage showed that 5 x 10(-2) M and greater concentrations of l-tetramisole
      (1) virtually abolished ALP activity, (2) moderately reduced ATPase activity, and
      (3) prevented in vitro cartilage calcification, while preserving the structural
      integrity of the matrix vesicles. Concentrations of d-tetramisole as high as 1 x
      10(-1) M failed to inhibit ALP activity in tibial homogenates by more than 10 per
      cent and did not alter histochemical staining of enzyme activity or calcification
      in intact cartilage slices. Heating the cartilage slices destroyed ALP activity,
      prevented calcification, and disrupted matrix vesicle integrity. These data show
      that there is a close association between ALP activity and in vitro calcification
      of rachitic rat cartilage. In the absence of ALP activity, intact matrix vesicles
      do not promote calcification. Our data also suggest that some ATPase activity of
      rachitic rat cartilage may be distinct from ALP activity.

PMID- 6449631
TI  - DAF as instrumental treatment for dysarthria in progressive supranuclear palsy: a
      case report.
AB  - In this case study, a 59-year-old male with progressive supranuclear palsy and
      hypokinetic dysarthria wore a small, solid state, battery operated, delayed
      auditory feedback device to reduce speech rate and to aid speech intelligibility.
      Time series measurements were made from tape recordings taken at the beginning of
      treatment and again after three months of daily wearing of the device. Measures
      of speech rate, intensity, and overall intelligibility indicate that when the
      instrument is worn, the subject's speech is slowed, vocal intensity increases,
      and intelligibility is markedly improved. The subject and his family report
      satisfaction with the instrument. The application of delayed auditory feedback to
      the treatment of communication disorders is discussed.

PMID- 6449632
TI  - Assessing non-oral clients for assistive communication devices.
AB  - As the number of commercially available communication aids increases, determining
      an appropriate device for a particular client becomes more difficult. The
      development of systematic assessment procedures on which to base device
      recommendations has therefore become an important research problem. This report
      presents a set of assessment procedures developed by the authors in the Assistive
      Device Center at California State University-Sacramento. These procedures and
      their use in determining a communication device recommendation are ilustrated
      through a description of two case studies.

PMID- 6449633
TI  - Tactual speech perception by minimally trained deaf subjects.
AB  - Research on tactual perception of speech has shown that many phonetic contrasts
      can be transmitted to the deaf through artificial hearing devices that stimulate
      the sense of touch. Past research has emphasized long-term training with tactual
      reception for the achievement of maximal perceptual performance. The present
      study demonstrates that, with a brief training period, deaf adolescents can
      attain a high level of perceptual performance with a tactual speech system in
      discrimination of certain hard-to-lipread word pairs pronounced by both a male
      and female speaker. Thus some speech sounds previously indistinguishable by the
      deaf people can be immediately available for speech comprehension through the
      tactual vocoder; and other speech sounds will be recognized with further
      training. The reason that some contrasts are learned quickly and others require
      extensive training may be found in a pattern perception postulate proposed by
      Gavin (1979): word patterns that result in stimulation across a greater area of
      skin tend to be more discriminable than word patterns which stimulate only small
      areas of the skin.

PMID- 6449634
TI  - Analysis of human erythrocyte membrane vesicles produced by shearing.
AB  - Shearing of ghosts in a French pressure cell produces three classes of
      microvesicles that differ from endocytic vacuoles, exocytic vacuoles, and inside
      out vesicles. It was thought that an analysis of these vesicles might provide
      some clues about the assembly of proteins within the human erythrocyte membrane.
      The microvesicles were separated into three visible bands, labeled top, middle,
      and bottom, and assayed for activity of Mg++-ATPase, Na+,K+-ATPase,
      acetylcholinesterase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADH
      oxidoreductase. Their proteins were also characterized by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis with both Coomassie blue staining, to assess total protein
      content and distribution, and PAS-staining, to characterize sialoglycopeptides.
      In order to minimize problems inherent in ghost preparation, Dodge or hypotonic
      ghosts and glycol or isotonic ghosts were used in all studies. Middle membrane
      vesicles most resembled intact ghosts. Top vesicles had reduced levels of NADH
      oxidoreductase and more PAS-2 at the expense of PAS-1. The bottom vesicle class
      was very much enriched with PAS-1 at the expense of PAS-2, and PAS-3 was
      completely absent. In addition bottom vesicles had highest NADH oxidoreductase
      activity but lowest activity of all the other enzymes measured. These vesicle
      classes could not have been produced by tangential shearing through the membrane,
      nor could radial shearing through a membrane in which all proteins were free to
      move laterally have accounted for the three discrete vesicle classes or for their
      different patterns of enzymes and proteins. The analysis of the microvesicles
      produced by shearing is most consistent with radial shearing through membranes
      where there may be fixed domains superimposed on the basic fluid-mosaic
      structure.

PMID- 6449635
TI  - Cloning of the histidine transport genes from Salmonella typhimurium and
      characterization of an analogous transport system in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The genes for the well-characterized high-affinity histidine transport system of
      S typhimurium have been cloned in lambda gt4. Genetic and physiological analyses
      of the analogous transport system of E coli were undertaken in order that
      available lambda vectors, recombinant DNA techniques, and a genetic selection for
      transport function might be used to isolate the Salmonella genes. The presence of
      the transport genes on a 12.4 Kb cloned DNA fragment has been confirmed 1)
      genetically, by complementation studies; 2) physiologically, by the rates of
      histidine uptake by bacteria containing this DNA; and 3) by demonstrating that
      the cloned DNA codes for the previously identified transport proteins J and P.
      The isolated fragment carries the entire transport operon, the argT gene and the
      ubiX locus, but neither the purF gene nor the ack/pta loci.

PMID- 6449636
TI  - A semi-automated method for the determination of multiple membrane ATPase
      activities.
AB  - A simple semi-automated method for the determination of erythrocyte plasma
      membrane (Mg2+)-ATPase, (Na+ + K+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, and the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase is
      described in detail. A nonautomated ATPase enzyme assay for multiple membrane
      ATPases and automated methods for determination of inorganic phosphate as well as
      membrane-bound protein are described. Together, the methods represent a system
      that has the flexibility and sensitivity for basic research applications and the
      capacity to process relatively large numbers of samples as is common in clinical
      laboratory screening.

PMID- 6449637
TI  - A theoretical consideration of fundamental biological phenomena on cell-specific
      mitosis-inhibiting protein excretion hypothesis.

PMID- 6449638
TI  - Informational parameters of an exact DNA base sequence.

PMID- 6449640
TI  - [Physical and psychological environment in institutions].

PMID- 6449639
TI  - Lumbar spondylolisthesis: a rational approach to conservative treatment.
AB  - Forth-seven patients with symptomatic back pain secondary to spondylolisthesis
      who were not surgical candidates were instructed in a treatment program that
      included flexion or extension or combined flexion-extension exercises. At follow
      up, symptomatic changes were correlated with the type of exercise program.
      Patients treated with flexion-type exercises were less likely to require use of
      back supports, require job modification, or limit their activities because of
      pain. Although surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis has been outlined in
      current literature, conservative programs have not been well defined. Factors
      aggravating pain and a specific program for pain reduction are discussed.

PMID- 6449641
TI  - [Immunological studies in patients with carcinomas of the floor of the mouth and
      of the tonsils (author's transl)].
AB  - New insights into the cellular control mechanisms of immune reactivity may become
      important to physicians who manage patients with cancer. In 29 patients with
      tonsillar carcinoma, not only humoral, but also cellular mechanisms with major
      emphasis on regulator cells, i.e. suppressor cells, have been investigated. It
      seems from these cells, as if an unspecific suppressive activity measured in
      these patients could give a better opportunity to trace the immunological immune
      reaction against this tumor and give thus a chance for "specific
      immunotherapeutic regimens" which should on the one hand stress the activation of
      the host's tumor cytotoxicity and on the other hand eliminate the function of
      suppressor cells.

PMID- 6449642
TI  - Phenylacetate and the enduring behavioral deficit in experimental
      phenylketonuria.

PMID- 6449643
TI  - Time-dependent resistance to alkaline pH of oxalate-supported calcium uptake by
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6449644
TI  - ATP Complexes with the ATPase inhibitor quercetin.

PMID- 6449645
TI  - Absorption of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide across human buccal mucosa in vivo.

PMID- 6449646
TI  - Studies on phospholipase activities in Neurospora crassa mycelia.
AB  - Phospholipase A activity has been detected in mycelial homogenate of Neurospora
      crassa. A submycelial fraction, obtained by differential centrifugation
      containing the highest specific activity of phospholipase A has been shown to
      contain ca. 66% phospholipase A and 34% phospholipase A activity along with
      lysophospholipase and degergent-stimulated phospholipase D activity.
      Phospholipase A activity bound to N. crassa mycelia also has been observed.

PMID- 6449647
TI  - An infant who survived gastroschisis.

PMID- 6449648
TI  - [Little corner of history].

PMID- 6449649
TI  - Back pain--rarely a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6449650
TI  - [Generalized hemangiomatosis. A hamartoma-like malformation of the vascular
      system with poor prognosis].

PMID- 6449651
TI  - Role of an autorepression system in the control of lambda dv plasmid copy number
      and incompatibility.
AB  - The lambda dv plasmid genome is composed of two regions: (1) the autorepressor
      region which consists of promoter-operator (pRoR) and autorepressor (tof) and (2)
      the origin region which consists of the origin of replication (ori) and two
      initiator genes (O and P) (Matsubara 1976). Replication of this plasmid is
      directly connected with transcription from pRoR. Using lambda dvs having various
      mutations in pRoR, the transcription ability was examined in detail in connection
      with the control mechanism of replication. The transcription ability of the
      autorepressor region is controlled by the binding affinity of the tof protein and
      pRoR. Thus, at steady-state, lambda dvs carrying a highly-constitutive ('strong')
      pRoR produced the autorepressor at high levels, whereas those carrying a low
      constitutive ('weak') pRoR produced the autorepressor at low levels. This
      relationship did not change even when a fragment of lambda dv genome covering the
      autorepressor region was cloned into the plasmids pBR322 and pSC138, which could
      be maintained in a fixed amount within a cell. It was also shown that the
      autorepressor level at steady-state is a function of copy number of the DNA
      carrying the region for autorepression. These observations fit the autorepression
      model of Sompayrac and Maaloe (1973), which predicts that a decreased level of
      autorepressor activates pRoR and initiates transcription which leads to the
      production of tof protein until a new steady-state is established. By the same
      token, if the affinity of autorepressor and pRoR is decreased, pRoR remains
      active until a higher level of autorepressor is produced. Transcription of the
      autorepressor region directly affects the level of transcription of the origin
      region which is located distal to the promoter. Thus, the ability to replicate is
      connected with an ability to produce autorepressor. The lambda dv plasmids with
      'strong' or 'weak' pRoR were maintained at a high or low copy number,
      respectively. The phenomenon of incompatibility of lambda dv was also examined
      using pBR322 and pSC138 plasmids carrying the cloned autorepressor region of
      lambda dv. The chimeric plasmids with 'strong' pRoR exhibited strong
      incompatibility with lambda dv, whereas those with 'weak' pRoR showed weak
      incompatibility. This indicates that interaction of the autorepressor and pRoR is
      related to the incompatibility of lambda dv plasmids.

PMID- 6449652
TI  - Coordinate expression of Escherichia coli dnaA and dnaN genes.
AB  - The defects of temperature-sensitive dnaA and dnaN mutants of Escherichia coli
      are complemented by a recombinant lambda phage, which carries the bacterial DNA
      segment composed of two EcoRI segments of 1.0 and 3.3 kilobases. Derivatives of
      the phage, which have an insertion segment of Tn3 in the dnaA gene, are much less
      active in expressing the dnaN gene function than the parent phage. The dnaN gene
      activity was determined as the efficiency of superinfecting phage to suppress
      loss of the viability of lambda lysogenic dnaN59 cells at the non-permissive
      temperature. Deletions that include the end of the dnaA gene distal to the dnaN
      gene also reduce the expression of the dnaN gene function. Deletion and insertion
      in the dnaN gene do not affect the expression of the dnaA gene function. The
      expression of the dnaN gene function by the dnaA- dnaN+ phages remains weak upon
      simultaneous infection with dnaA+ dnaN- phages. Thus the insertion and deletion
      of the dnaA gene influence in cis the expresion of the dnaN gene. We propose that
      the dnaA and dnaN genes constitute an operon, where the former is upstream to the
      latter.

PMID- 6449653
TI  - On the nature of sbcA mutations in E. coli K 12.
AB  - We have recently shown (Kaiser and Murray 1979) that many E. coli K 12 strains
      carry a defective prophage (Rac) located a few minutes clockwise of the trp
      operon on the genetic map. The Rac genome contains recE, the determinant for the
      ATP-independent exonuclease, ExoVIII. E. coli K 12 strains which carry sbcA
      mutations express recE constitutively. This paper describes an investigation of
      several such strains. We show that the SbcA phenotype may arise from more than
      one type of mutational change. The most readily explained SbcA phenotype is that
      of sbcA8 strains in which a large section of the Rac genome (including one hybrid
      attachment site and probably the prophage repressor gene) is deleted. Three sbcA-
      strains carry multiple (and probably tandemly repeated) copies of the Rac genome
      while two others carry a single Rac prophage that is indistinguishable in its
      hybridisation behaviour from that carried by sbcA+ strains.

PMID- 6449654
TI  - Induction of lambdoid prophages by amino acid deprivation: differential
      inducibility; role of recA.
AB  - Lambda prophage in auxotrophic lysogens can be induced by omission of one or
      combinations of the required amino acids from the culture medium. Such amino acid
      deprivation can result in nearly as effective induction of lambda as thymine
      deprivation. Prophage 424 is also induced equally effectively under both
      conditions although to a lesser extent than lambda. By contrast prophage 21 and
      lambda i21 are differentially induced effectively by thymine deprivation and
      virtually not at all during amino acid deprivation. The same differential
      induction of 21 and equivalent induction of lambda and 424 occur when all three
      prophages are present in the same lysogen. Increasing the levels of lambda
      repressor with a cI carrying-plasmid prevented amino acidless induction of lambda
      as did the lambda ind- mutation. A recA, but not a recB, mutation in the host
      prevented induction by amino acid deprivation. A recC mutant host showed
      increased spontaneous induction of lambda and 21 prophages. The findings reported
      are used as an argument that the recA protease probably is not itself acting as
      the inducing protease and that a likely source of the observed specificity is an
      effector molecule. Different effector molecules may be produced in response to
      different exigent situations, to which the phage repressors may have evolved
      sensitivity. lambda i80 was inducible both by amino acid and thymine deprivation.

PMID- 6449655
TI  - [Electron-microscopic study of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus adenosine
      triphosphatase].

PMID- 6449656
TI  - Skin disease in cats.

PMID- 6449657
TI  - DNA as a target for a protein antibiotic: molecular basis of action.

PMID- 6449658
TI  - Molecular mechanism of protein biosynthesis and an approach to the mechanism of
      energy transduction.

PMID- 6449659
TI  - Mutagenic action of UV radiation on lambda prophage.

PMID- 6449660
TI  - Evidence for chloramphenicol-insensitive recA+-dependent single-stranded DNA
      repair.

PMID- 6449661
TI  - Induction of mutations in bacteriophage T7 by gamma-rays: no influence of the SOS
      repair pathway.
AB  - Under conditions where the reversion of an amber mutant of bacteriophage lambda
      by gamma-rays is enhanced by subjecting the irradiated phage to SOS repair, gamma
      ray-induced reversion of two T7 ambers is not influenced by this error-prone
      bacterial repair system. The survival of T7 gamma-irradiated under anoxic
      conditions is somewhat enhanced by SOS repair, whereas the survival of phage
      irradiated under oxygen is not affected.

PMID- 6449662
TI  - Kinetics of induction and decay of error-prone DNA repair activity in Escherichia
      coli after treatment with nalidixic acid.
AB  - Inducible error-prone DNA repair activity was detected by infecting nalidixic
      acid-pretreated E. coli cells with UV-irradiated phage phi X174. Induction and
      decay kinetics of reactivation very much resembled that of mutagenesis of the UV
      damaged phage. Repair as well as mutagenic activity increased for about 30 min.
      The maximal error-prone repair capacity, which was induced in the cell during the
      30 min nalidixic acid treatment, rapidly died out during subsequent cell growth
      in absence of nalidixic acid. Induction of this repair mode was not observed in a
      recA- mutant. In the presence of nalidixic acid plus rifampicin both repair and
      mutagenic effects were abolished.

PMID- 6449663
TI  - Mutagenicity testing in mammalian cells. I. Derivation of a Chinese hamster ovary
      cell line heterozygous for the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and thymidine
      kinase loci.
AB  - As a first step in the development of a multiple-marker, mammalian cell
      mutagenesis assay system, we have isolated a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell
      line that is heterozygous for both the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt)
      and thymidine kinase (tk) loci. Presumptive aprt+/- heterozygotes with
      intermediate levels of APRT activity were selected from unmutagenized CHO cell
      populations on the basis of resistance to low concentrations of the adenine
      analog, 8-azaadenine. a functional aprt+/  heterozygote with approximately 50%
      wild-type APRT activity was subsequently used to derive sublines that were also
      heterozygous for the tk locus. Biochemical and genetic characterization of one
      such subline, CHO-AT3-2, indicated that it was indeed heterozygous at both the
      aprt and tk loci. CHO-AT3-2 cells permitted single-step selection of mutants
      resistant for 8-azaadenine or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, allowing quantitation and
      direct comparison of mutation induction at the autosomal aprt or tk loci, as well
      as in the gene involved in ouabain resistance or at the X-linked, hypoxanthine-
      guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt) locus. Significant dose-dependent
      increases in mutation frequency were observed for all 4 genetic markers after
      treatment of CHO-AT3-2 cells with ethyl methanesulfonate.

PMID- 6449664
TI  - Mutagenicity testing in mammalian cells. II. Validation of multiple drug
      resistance markers having practical application for screening potential mutagens.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines heterozygous at both the adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) and thymidine kinase (tk) loci were used for
      single-step selection of spontaneous and induced mutants resistant to 8
      azaadenine (AAr), 6-thioguanine (TGr), ouabain (OUAR), or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine
      (FUdRr). Mutation data are reported for direct mutagens (EMS, ethyl
      methanesulfonate; MNNG, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; NQO, 4
      nitroquinoline 1-oxide) and promutagens (DMN, dimethylnitrosamine; BP, benzo[a]
      pyrene) activated by rat-liver homogenates. Optimal plating densities were
      established for AAr, TGr, OUAR and FUdRr. The induced mutant frequencies as a
      function of relative cell survival after treatment with EMS, DMN or BP were 2--4
      d for AAr, 6--8 d for TGr, 3 d for OUAR, and 1--3 d for FUdRr. The induced mutant
      frequencies as a function of relative cell survival after treatment with EMS, DMN
      or BP showed locus-specific differences in sensitivity. Of 61 clonal isolates
      resistant to AA and assayed for APRT activity, 87% had less than or equal to 5%
      wild-type activity; of 30 TGr clones assayed, 83% had less than or equal to 5%
      wild-type HGPRT activity. Of 42 FUdRr clones assayed, 98% had less than or equal
      to 1% wild-type TK activity. 50 clones selected in medium containing FUdR
      displayed cross-resistance to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and trifluorothymidine
      (TFT) and all were sensitive to HAT (hypoxanthine--amethopterin--thymidine)
      medium. The tk locus showed the largest mutational response as a function of cell
      survival after mutagen treatment. The rapid expression kinetics for FUdRr and the
      possibility that the locus detects a broader spectrum of genetic lesions than the
      other drug-resistance markers are discussed in terms of a sensitive screening
      assay for detecting potential mutagens.

PMID- 6449665
TI  - Induction of prophage lambda by daunorubicin and analogues. Effect of amino-sugar
      stereochemistry on prophage-inducing activity.

PMID- 6449666
TI  - Lack of mutagenicity of some phytoestrogens in the salmonella/mammalian microsome
      assay.
AB  - 8 phytoestrogens were tested for mutagenicity using a variation of the
      Salmonella/mammalian microsome (or Ames) assay. Zearalenone is a mycotoxin
      produced by a grain contaminant, Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) and the
      isomers of zearalanol are reduced derivatives of this compound. The remaining
      compounds are all flavonoids which occur naturally at relatively high
      concentrations in many plants, particularly legumes. 4 of these flavonoids
      (daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin-a) are isoflavones and the 5th,
      coumestrol, is a coumestan. Each compound was tested at several concentrations
      ranging from 1--500 micrograms per plate. The microsomal fracton was obtained
      from Aroclor 1254 (a PCB)-induced rat livers. None of the compounds tested was
      mutagenic to Salmonella strains TA1538, TA98 or TA100 at any concentration.

PMID- 6449667
TI  - Histiocytosis-X.
AB  - Twelve of 17 patients with histiocytosis-X were immunologically abnormal, as
      shown by the presence of circulating lymphocytes spontaneously cytotoxic to
      cultured human fibroblasts or of antibody to autologous erythrocytes. The
      patients also had a notable lack of histamine H2 surface receptors on their T
      lymphocytes, suggesting a suppressor-cell deficiency. The lymphocyte
      abnormalities were reversed in vitro after incubation in a crude extract of calf
      thymus gland, and therefore all 17 patients were treated with daily intramuscular
      injections of this extract. With this therapy, 10 patients entered complete
      remission -- a response at least as good as that observed in historical controls
      treated with chemotherapy. A positive clinical response was associated with an
      increase in the number of T-cell histamine H2 receptors to normal levels and with
      correction of the other immunologic abnormalities. The results of this
      preliminary study justify a larger prospective clinical trial of thymic extract
      and further investigation of the immunoregulatory mechanisms in histiocytosis-X.

PMID- 6449668
TI  - Secondary rash in toxic-shock syndrome.

PMID- 6449669
TI  - Ethics of provocative test for Huntington's disease.

PMID- 6449670
TI  - Deficiency of galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, an enzyme of collagen
      synthesis, in a family with dominant epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
AB  - Members of a family with dominant epidermolysis bullosa simplex were found to
      have a deficiency of galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme
      catalyzing the glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysyl residues in the
      biosynthesis of collagen. The enzyme's activity was low in serum, skin tissue,
      and cultured skin fibroblasts, although no abnormality was found in three other
      intracellular enzymes of collagen biosynthesis. Mixtures of serum samples from
      patients and healthy controls gave the expected GGT activity, indicating that the
      low values were not due to inhibitors. GGT deficiency was accompanied by
      decreased product formation in vivo, as shown by a markedly decreased urinary
      excretion of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine. Six of 12 affected members had
      definite GGT deficiency, and five had some evidence suggestive of this
      abnormality; 13 of 15 unaffected members had no such manifestations. No similar
      GGT deficiency was found in three other families with the same disease. We
      conclude that GGT deficiency may be etiologically related to this disease in some
      families, but that different defects must be the cause in other cases.

PMID- 6449671
TI  - Ca2+-activated ATPase and ATP-dependent calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ transport in
      islet cell plasma membrane.
AB  - Calcium is known to play an essential part in the regulation of insulin secretion
      in the pancreatic beta cell. Calcium influx/efflux studies indicate that glucose
      promotes an accumulation of calcium by the beta cell. However, interpretation of
      such data is particularly difficult due to the complex compartmentalization of
      calcium within the cell. Although indirect evidence using chlorotetracycline
      suggests that control of calcium homeostasis at the plasma membrane may be
      central to insulin secretion, the mechanism by which secretagogues influence the
      handling of calcium remains unknown. Despite its continuous diffusive entry,
      intracellular calcium is maintained in the submicromolar range by energy
      dependent mechanisms. One such process which has been well characterized in
      erythrocytes is a plasma membrane calcium extrusion pump whose enzymatic basis is
      a high affinity (Ca+2 + Mg+2)ATPase. A similar mechanism regulated by insulin has
      recently been identified in adipocyte plasma membranes. We report here the
      presence of a high affinity (Ca+2 + Mg+2)ATPase and ATP-dependent calmodulin
      stimulated calcium transport system in rat pancreatic islet cell plasma
      membranes.

PMID- 6449672
TI  - Laparoscopic sterilization in a community hospital with a two-year follow-up.

PMID- 6449673
TI  - Discussion of "Laparoscopic sterilization in a community hospital with a two-year
      follow-up" given by Dr. Joshua Tayloe.

PMID- 6449674
TI  - Brain monoamines and the high pressure neurological syndrome.

PMID- 6449675
TI  - Serotonergic properties of beta-phenethylamine in rats.

PMID- 6449676
TI  - Pharmacological properties of some "second generation" antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 6449677
TI  - Maprotiline, nomifensine, mianserin, zimelidine: a review of antidepressant
      efficacy in in-patients.

PMID- 6449678
TI  - Single dose pharmacokinetic data on zimelidine in depressed patients.

PMID- 6449679
TI  - Changes in the augmenter-reducer tendency and in pain measures as a result of
      treatment with a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor--zimelidine.
AB  - In patients suffering from chronic pain, visual evoked potentials (VEP) and pain
      measures (PM) were investigated before and after a 4-week, double-blind
      controlled study of a new, rather selective, serotonin-reuptake inhibitor,
      Zimelidine, versus placebo. Before the trial most of the patients showed an
      augmenter response in VEP which means that the maximum amplitude of the evoked
      potential increased when stimulus intensity increased. After treatment most of
      the patients in the Zimelidine group revealed a reducer response, i.e. the
      maximum amplitude of the evoked potential decreased despite the increase of
      stimulus intensity, while no significant changes occurred in the placebo group.
      Only small and mostly insignificant changes were noted in PM. The results
      indicate that the augmenter-reducer response in VEP may be a useful measurement
      for following changes in the serotoninergic pathways in CNS. The results also
      indicate that treatment with Zimelidine may result in a decreased sensitivity to
      noxious stimulation that should be reflected in relief of clinical pain
      syndromes.

PMID- 6449680
TI  - Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. I.--Spatial and visual
      reversal learning.

PMID- 6449681
TI  - Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. II.--Two-choice visual
      discrimination learning.

PMID- 6449682
TI  - Characteristics of adaptation of muscle stretch receptors of dynamic type.
AB  - Experiments on cats with a de-efferented triceps surae muscle showed that some
      stretch receptors of dynamic type adapt quickly within the first few seconds
      after stretching of the muscle and its keeping at the new length, whereas other
      receptors reveal two components of adaptation-fast and slow. Units with different
      types of adaptation are found in the same muscle; their afferents belong mainly
      to group I, although there is a zone of overlapping with group II afferents.
      These differences are manifested at high values of initial stretching of the
      muscle. It is suggested that the slow component of adaptation is based on a
      mechanical factor depending on the visco-elastic properties of the tissues in the
      region of the sensory nerve endings.

PMID- 6449683
TI  - Stopping chronic pain before it starts.

PMID- 6449684
TI  - [Drug and surgical treatment of retinal vessel thromboses].

PMID- 6449685
TI  - [Thoughts of a disabled person].

PMID- 6449686
TI  - Education of the child with impaired vision.

PMID- 6449687
TI  - [Incidence and structure of gastroenterologic diseases in Yaroslavl children].

PMID- 6449688
TI  - Restoration of ligase activity in E. coli K12 lig ts7 strain by bacteriophage Mu
      and cloning of a DNA fragment harbouring the Mu 'lig' gene.
AB  - Restoration of ligase activity has been observed in E. coli K12 ligts7 strain
      lysogenic for Mu, in presence as well in absence of lysogenic immunity. This
      restoration consist in phenotypic reversal of temperature sensitivity of E. coli
      ligts7 which also regain the ability to sustain the complete growth cycle of T4
      lig-phages. It is possible to put under the control of the gal operon the
      expression of the viral gene responsible for the restoration effect. This new
      gene of Mu has been named 'lig'. A 5 kb fragment responsible for the reported
      effects and localized between genes gam and lys of Mu genome has been cloned in
      pBR322. This recombinant plasmid used for transforming ligts7 strain restores in
      it normal behaviour for ligation of Okazaki pieces.

PMID- 6449689
TI  - Amplification of single-strand DNA binding protein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - An E. coli strain containing a recombinant plasmid carrying the E. coli ssbA+
      gene has been shown to produce 12 to 15 fold increased amounts of single-strand
      DNA binding-protein relative to wild-type strains. In addition, a gamma
      transducing phage carrying the E. coli uvrA+ gene has been shown to also carry
      the ssbA+ gene and to be capable of producing increased amounts of binding
      protein.

PMID- 6449690
TI  - The interaction of high mobility proteins HMG14 and 17 with nucleosomes.
AB  - The interaction of the high mobility group proteins, HMG14 and HMG17, with
      nucleosome core particles has been studied. The results show that two molecules
      of HMG14/17 can be bound tightly but reversibly to each core particle and that
      their affinity for core particles is greater than their affinity for histone-free
      DNA of core size. Thermal denaturation and nuclease digestion studies suggest
      that major sites of interaction are located near the ends of the nucleosome core
      DNA. When nucleosome preparations from chicken erythrocyte nuclei stripped of HMG
      proteins are partially titrated with HMG14/17, the nucleosome-HMG complex
      fraction is enriched in beta-globin gene sequences.

PMID- 6449691
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of phenylalanine tRNA from the cytoplasm of Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - The phenylalanine tRNA from the cytoplasm of Neurospora crassa has been purified
      and sequenced. The sequence is: pGCGGGUUUAm2GCUCA (N)
      GDDGGGAGAGCm22GpsiCAGACmUGmAAYApsim5CUGAAGm7GDm5CGUGUGTpsiCGm1AUCCACACAAACCGCACCA
      H. Both in the nature of modified nucleotides which are present in this tRNA and
      in the overall sequence, this tRNA resembles more closely phenylalanine tRNAs of
      eukaryotic cytoplasm than those of prokaryotes. The sequence of this tRNA differs
      from those of the corresponding tRNAs of wheat germ and yeast by only 6 and 7
      nucleotides respectively out of 76 nucleotides.U

PMID- 6449692
TI  - A phenylalanine tRNA gene from Neurospora crassa: conservation of secondary
      structure involving an intervening sequence.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a tRNAPhe gene from Neurospora crassa.
      Hybridization analyses suggest that trnaPhe is the only tRNA encoded on the
      cloned 5 kb DNA fragment. The tRNAPhe gene contains an intervening sequence 16
      nucleotides in length located one nucleotide 3' to the anticodon position. The
      tRNAPhe coding region of Neurospora and yeast are 91% conserved, whereas their
      intervening sequences are only 50% identical. The pattern of sequence
      conservation is consistent with a proposed secondary structure for the tRNA
      precursor in which the anticodon is base paired with the middle of the
      intervening sequence and the splice points are located in adjacent single
      stranded loops. The DNA sequence following the tRNAPhe coding region is similar
      to sequences following other genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III in that it
      is AT-rich and includes a tract of A residues in the coding strand. In contrast,
      the sequence preceding the Neurospora tRNAPhe coding region does not resemble
      sequences preceding other sequenced tRNA genes.

PMID- 6449693
TI  - Hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6449694
TI  - Genetic manipulation: test-tube organisms.

PMID- 6449695
TI  - It's the first impressions which last.

PMID- 6449696
TI  - [Physical disability in old age, its clinical causes and prevention].

PMID- 6449697
TI  - Treatment of painful conditions of the abdominal wall with local injections.

PMID- 6449698
TI  - Chloramphenicol and benzoyl peroxide in acne. A double-blind clinical study.

PMID- 6449699
TI  - An activation factor of liver phosphofructokinase.
AB  - Pure phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.11) from liver is strongly inhibited by ATP, whereas crude
      phosphofructokinase is only slightly inhibited by ATP. A factor that is removed
      from the enzyme during purification and can prevent the inhibition of
      phosphofructokinase by ATP has been isolated. The factor can be resolved into
      three components that differ in molecular weights, as shown by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-25. These factors overcome the ATP inhibition but have no effect on
      the catalytic activity under the optimum assay conditions. Furthermore, AMP acts
      syngeristically with the activation factor in reversing ATP inhibition. It is
      proposed that the activation of phosphofructokinase by the activation factor and
      AMP is sufficient to account for the glycolytic flux in the liver.

PMID- 6449700
TI  - Deletion mutants of Neurospora crassa mitochondrial DNA and their relationship to
      the "stop-start" growth phenotype.
AB  - "Stoppers" are a class of Neurospora crassa extranuclear mutants characterized by
      gross deficiencies of cytochromes b and aa3 and an unusual growth phenotype which
      involves irregular periods of growth andnongrowth. In the present work, mtDNAs
      from all four stopper mutants were found to contain deletions or insertions
      detectable by restriction enzyme analysis. [stp] mtDNA consists predominantly of
      defective molecules which retain a 16-megadalton segment (EcoRI-1, -4, and -6) of
      wild-type mtDNA (40 megadaltons). The other stopper mutants show smaller
      alterations: [stp A18t]-618, a 0.35-kilobase deletion in EcoRI-7b; [stp B2]-651,
      a 4-kilobase insertion in EcoRI-2; and [stp A]-574, a 5-kilobase deletion in
      EcoRI-2 and -10. Based on these results, we propose that "stop-start" growth
      results from competition between certain defective mtDNAs which have a tendency
      to predominate and low concentrations of less defective mtDNA species which must
      be retained to sustain growth. Three additional extranuclear mutants
      ("nonstoppers") have also been found to contain deletions in mtDNA. Remarkably,
      the defective mtDNA species in two of these mutants ([poky]H1-10 and [SG-3]-551)
      retain different sizes (18 and 13 megadlatons, respectively) of the same region
      retained in [stp] mtDNA (i.e., EcoRI-1, -4, and -6). The findings suggest that
      production of defective mtDNAs in Neurospora is nonrandom with a preferred
      mechanism leading to retention of this segment. It may be significant that the
      retained segment contains both mitochondrial rRNA genes and most mitochondrial
      tRNA genes. These deletion mutants may provide a tool for genetic mapping of
      Neurospora mtDNA.

PMID- 6449701
TI  - Induction of mitotic recombination in yeast by starvation for thymine
      nucleotides.
AB  - The biosynthesis of thymine nucleotides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be
      inhibited either by genetic lesions in the structural gene for thymidylate
      synthetase (TMP1) or by drugs that prevent the methylation of dUMP to dTMP. This
      methylation can be blocked by folate antagonists. We find that 5-fluoro-dUMP
      (FdUMP) is also an effective inhibitor in vivo. Inhibition of dTMP biosynthesis
      by these three different routes causes thymineless death. In addition to being
      cytotoxic, we find that FdUMP is highly recombinagenic in yeast but does not
      induce nuclear gene mutations. Provision of exogenous dTMP eliminates this
      induced mitotic recombination and cell killing. Similar results were obtained
      when a thymineless condition was provoked in cells by antifolate drugs or by dTMP
      deprivation in strains auxotrophic for this nucleotide. These findings show that,
      in contrast to the situation in prokaryotes, starvation for thymine nucleotides
      in yeast induces genetic recombination but is not mutagenic.

PMID- 6449702
TI  - A human soluble suppressor factor affecting lymphocyte responses in vitro.
AB  - A soluble suppressor factor (SSF) has been demonstrated in the supernatant of
      normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures that exhibits suppressive
      activity toward the proliferative response of normal lymphocytes to concanavalin
      A or alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) or toward pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion in vitro. Suppression of the
      proliferative response in MLC reached maximal levels when added SSF-containing
      supernatant approximated 20% by volume of the culture medium. Suppression in the
      MLC was found to act at the proliferative stage. SSF acts independently of
      cytotoxicity and is stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min but is inactivated at
      higher temperatures. Addition of SSF to the MLC as late as day 4 after initiation
      of the culture results in suppression of transformation. This factor(s) may
      regulate the magnitude of several immune responses in humans.

PMID- 6449703
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced by subdiabetogenic doses of
      streptozotocin: obligatory role of cell-mediated autoimmune processes.
AB  - The role of thymic functions in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes was
      investigated in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and euthymic heterozygous (+/nu)
      littermates of BALB/c origin treated with streptozotocin. The injection of a
      single high dose of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg body weight) induced rapid and
      permanent hyperglycemia in both nu/nu and +/nu mice. In contrast, the injection
      of the same total dose divided into multiple "subdiabetogenic" doses (40 mg/kg
      per day for 5 consecutive days) caused the development of delayed but progressive
      hyperglycemia only in the thymus-competent +/nu mice. Female mice of either
      genotype were significantly less susceptible to streptozotocin at both doses.
      Restoration of thymic immunity in nu/nu mice by thymus grafts also restored the
      susceptibility to the hyperglycemic effects of multiple low doses of
      streptozotocin. Moreover, splenic lymphocytes from +/nu mice previously made
      diabetic with the multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin induced
      transient glucose intolerance in nu/nu mice. The ability of the diabetic spleen
      cells to transfer the diabetic state was abolished when the splenic lymphocytes
      were depleted of the T cells but not when they were depleted of B cells. These
      results provide direct proof that thymus-dependent functions play an obligatory
      etiologic role in the development of diabetes in mice treated with repeated
      subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. These observations also add to the
      growing evidence that autoimmune amplification mechanisms may be critically
      involved in the etiology of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus in humans.

PMID- 6449704
TI  - Evolutionary origins of vertebrate hormones: substances similar to mammalian
      insulins are native to unicellular eukaryotes.
AB  - Tetrahymena pyriformis, Neurospora crassa, and Aspergillus fumigatus that had
      been grown in simple defined media were extracted with acid ethanol by a classic
      method for recovering insulin from pancreas. After filtration of the extracts on
      Sephadex G-50, distinct peaks of insulin immunoreactivity were recovered in the
      region typical of insulin. The gel-filtered material from the Tetrahymena had
      reactivity in the pork insulin radioimmunoassay about equal to its reactivity in
      the insulin bioassay (stimulation of lipogenesis in isolated rat adipocytes), and
      the gel-filtered material from neurospora had an immunoreactivity-to-bioactivity
      ratio of about 1:3. The material that stimulated lipogenesis could be neturalized
      by anti-insulin sera (i.e., 75-95% of the Tetrahymena material and 60% of the
      Neurospora material). Bioactive and immunoactive insulin was found in the
      conditioned medium equal in amount to that in the cells. The findings suggest
      that insulin did not arise evolutionarily in the intestinal or neural tissues of
      primitive vertebrates or complex invertebrates but rather has its molecular
      origins at least as far back as the simplest unicellular eukaryotes.

PMID- 6449705
TI  - The immune system and the aging process in man.

PMID- 6449706
TI  - Marrow colony-forming units: age-related changes in responses to anti-theta
      sensitive helper/suppressor stimuli.

PMID- 6449707
TI  - [p-Chlorophenylalanine-induced mouse killing in rats: role of the amygdala
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449708
TI  - Radicular innervation of hindlimb muscles of the rat.
AB  - In 20 adult rats under Nembutal anaesthesia ventral spinal roots L1-S1 were
      stimulated in turn and electromyographic responses were recorded from various
      hindlimb muscles; in addition, the motor and sensory radicular supply of the main
      hindlimb nerves was examined by their stimulation and recording from ventral and
      dorsal roots. After averaging the results of individual experiments, the
      following radicular innervation of different functional muscle groups was found:
      L2-L5 for hip flexors (iliopsoas), thigh adductors (pectineus, anterior gracilis,
      adductor magnus) and knee extensors (quadriceps femoris), L3-L6 for hip extensors
      (gluteal muscles), L3-L5 for knee flexors (biceps femoris, semitendinosus) and
      ankle flexors (anterior tibial) and L4-L5 for ankle extensors (triceps surae).
      The femoral nerve is supplied by L2-L5, the obturator nerve by L2-L4, the
      peroneal nerve by L4-L5 and the tibial nerve by L4-L6 spinal roots. Comparison of
      the ventral and dorsal roots which supplied a given nerve revealed that the
      radicular distribution of the afferent fibres in the nerve matched that of the
      efferent fibres. These results are, in general, in accordance with anatomical
      data in the literature. However, the radicular supply of some hindlimb muscles in
      the rat was found to be somewhat more extensive, when evaluated
      electrophysiologically, than that reported on the basis of anatomical dissection.

PMID- 6449709
TI  - Cultivation conditions influencing de novo development of nerve-muscle junctions
      in vitro.
AB  - A variety of cultivation conditions was tested with respect to the formation of
      nerve-muscle junctions in vitro. The long-term maintenance and survival of
      innervated muscle fibres was achieved under these conditions: The myoblasts from
      11 to 12-day-old chicken embryos were added to a section of the spinal cord with
      meninges, which was taken from 7 to 9-day-old chicken embryos and cultivated
      three days in advance in Maximow's assemblies. The myoblasts were prepared from
      pectoral or leg muscles. The spinal cord sections of the cervical, throacic and
      lumbar levels were equally successful in inducing the development of nerve-muscle
      junctions.

PMID- 6449710
TI  - Effect of local anaesthetics (mesocain) on membrane properties of cat papillary
      muscle.
AB  - In 28 experiments on cat papillary muscles the effect of mesocain (generically
      related to lidocaine) was studied on transmembrane currents (rapid inward INa,
      slow inward Isi, outward Io), on the configuration and (dV/dt)max of the action
      potential, on the refractory period and on isometric tension. The experiments
      were performed using either voltage clamp method (double sucrose gap) or
      microelectrode technique. All three transmembrane currents are inhibited by
      mesocain in a dose-dependent manner. The effect becomes measurable at 10(-6)
      mol/1 on INa, at 10(-5) mol/1 on Isi and at 5 X 10(-5) mol/1 on Il. INa is
      blocked at 10(-3) mol/1 concentration. These changes correlate with the measured
      alterations of action potentials: i.e. a decreased (dV/dt) max and overshoot,
      lower voltage and shortening of the plateau phase, slower rate of late
      repolarizaion. The negative inotropic effect appeared with the same treshold
      concentration as Isi; at higher concentrations, however, this effect was
      relatively much greater. The recovery of excitability measured by the interval
      dependence of (dV/dt) max was prolonged 5 times on the average by mesocain at 10(
      4) mol/1 and the effective refractory period was delayed beyond complete
      repolarization. It is concluded that the main effect of mesocain also involves a
      delayed kinetics of recovery from inactivation of the Na carrying system.

PMID- 6449711
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase activity and its molecular forms in selected regions of the
      dog's nervous system.
AB  - Acetylcholinestrase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activity and its molecular forms were
      studied in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellar cortex,
      medulla oblongata, the various parts of spinal cord, the spinal ganglia and the
      sciatic nerve in intact adult dogs. The number and the proportion of different
      molecular forms of AChE in these regions of the dog's nervous system varied
      considerably. The highest AChE activity was found in the basal ganglia, where
      only one molecular forms was detected. Activity was also high in the cerebellar
      cortex (2 isoenzymes), the thalamus (4 isoenzymes) and the medulla oblongata (5
      isoenzymes), and was lower in the cerebral cortex (3 isoenzymes). AChE activity
      in the spinal cord was highest in the sacral part (4 isoenzymes); in the other
      parts (3 isoenzymes) it was equal. Five molecular forms were found in the spinal
      ganglia and two in the sciatic nerve. The significance of the multiple molecular
      forms of AChE is discussed.

PMID- 6449712
TI  - Incorporation of 3H-lysine into spinal motoneurones supplying muscles undergoing
      reflex atrophy.

PMID- 6449713
TI  - Effect of ischaemia and renewal of the circulation on some free amino acid levels
      in dog lumbosacral ganglia.

PMID- 6449714
TI  - [Rare variant of attempted suicide in depressive neurosis (differential
      diagnosis)].

PMID- 6449715
TI  - W-reactivation of phage lambda in X-irradiated mutants of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The survival of UV irradiated phage lambda was increased on X-irradiated E. coli
      K-12 host cells over that on unirradiated cells. The frequency of c mutants among
      the surviving phages was to a similar extent increased by the X-ray exposure of
      the host cells as by UV light. This W-reactivation of phage lambda occurred in
      uvrA, polA, and recB mutants besides the wild type at about equal X-ray doses,
      however, at a reduced reactivation efficiency compared with the wild type. W
      reactivation was undetectable in recA mutants. While maximal UV induced W
      reactivation occurred 30 min after irradiation, the maximal X-ray induced
      reactivation was found immediately after irradiation. Chloramphenicol (100
      micrograms/ml) and nitrofurantoin (50 micrograms/ml) inhibited W-reactivation of
      phage lambda if added before irradiation of the host cells, indicating the
      necessity of protein synthesis for W-reactivation.

PMID- 6449716
TI  - Lumbar facet joint injection in low back pain and sciatica: description of
      technique.
AB  - Lumbar facet arthropathy is an important cause of low back pain and sciatica.
      Intra-articular facet block can confirm symptomatic facet joint disease. Good
      understanding of the anatomy of the joint and fluoroscopic control are essential
      for intra-articular placement of anesthetics and steroids.

PMID- 6449717
TI  - Lumbar facet joint injection in low back pain and sciatica: preliminary results.
AB  - Fluoroscopically controlled intra-articular facet joint block is a reliable
      method of diagnosing low back pain and sciatica caused by lumbar facet
      arthropathy. Of 20 patients studied, 13 had complete and immediate relief of
      pain, confirming the diagnosis, Six patients have been free of pain for more than
      six months following a single facet joint block with injection of a local
      anesthetic and corticosteroid suspension. Preliminary findings suggest that
      computed tomography has an important role in diagnosing symptomatic facet
      arthropathy.

PMID- 6449718
TI  - Back pain and the radiologist.
AB  - The exact role of the radiologist in assessing patients with low back pain
      remains vague, which is in keeping with this syndrome's uncertain etiology and
      controversial therapy. Conventional radiographs of the lumbosacral spine have a
      limited role in most such patients, primarily in excluding neoplasm, infection,
      or ankylosing spondylitis. This examination can ordinarily be limited to two
      views; and, for radiation and economic reasons, radiographs should usually be
      initially deferred in young patients and/or those with acute symptoms. Symptoms
      will abate in most of these patients, making radiological examination
      unnecessary. Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice in the diagnosis of
      spinal stenosis and possibly herniated nucleus pulposus and facet joint
      abnormalities as well. Preliminary data showing symptomatic relief of pain
      following facet joint injection could open an entire new area of interventional
      radiology. Confirmatory studies are needed in this exciting and potentially
      important area of investigation.

PMID- 6449719
TI  - Industrial nursing: RN negligence and workers' comp. Case in point: Collier v.
      Wagner Castings Co. et all (408 NE 2d 198 - IL).

PMID- 6449720
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. MO: home health care: R.N. hazards. AR: R.N. hurt
      lifting patient: allowed disability benefits for injuries.

PMID- 6449721
TI  - [Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449722
TI  - Developing constructive views of life with a disability.

PMID- 6449723
TI  - Disability and monstrosity: further comments.

PMID- 6449724
TI  - Occupational information systems and their use in rehabilitation.

PMID- 6449725
TI  - Phototoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agents hematoporphyrin D, meso-tetra(p
      sulfophenyl)porphine and zinc-tetra(p-sulfophenyl)porphine.
AB  - Interest in natural and synthetic porphyrins as tumor-localizing agents, tumor
      photoinactivating agents and anti-trypanosomal drugs prompted a laboratory
      evaluation of the phototoxic potency of these compounds. At UV wavelengths
      greater than 3200A three porphyrin compounds were significantly more phototoxic
      than the positive control, 6,8-dichloro-2-phenyl-alpha-2-piperidyl-4-quinoline
      methanol. Phototoxicity was seen after intraperitoneal administration but not
      after oral administration. Minimum effective phototoxic doses of Hematoporphyrin
      D were < 2.40 mg; TPPS < 1.25 mg/kg, and ZnTPPS < 1.24 mg/kg. Hematoporphyrin D
      produced toxic deaths at doses of 37.5-150 mg/kg.

PMID- 6449726
TI  - Early micro- and macro-angiopathy in the streptozotocin diabetic minipig.
AB  - Streptozotocin diabetes in the minipig constitutes an outstanding model for the
      study of diabetic angiopathies. Changes which are classified as macroangiopathy
      are evident after 6 months, while the first changes indicative of microangiopathy
      appear already after about 18 months. The degree of pronouncement of the
      microangiopathy depends on the duration and severity of the induced diabetes.
      These results constitute a cogent argument in favour of the "metabolic theory" of
      the development of diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 6449727
TI  - Myocardial collagen in different forms of heart hypertrophy in the rat.
AB  - The hydroxyproline concentration, representing collagen content, has been
      investigated in normal and hypertrophied rat hearts. Enlargement of the heart was
      produced by four methods: a. Experimental renal hypertension (Goldblatt rats); b.
      Spontaneous hypertension (SHR); c. Experimental aortic stenosis; d. Swimming
      training. In spontaneously hypertensive rats the free wall of the right and left
      ventricles and the septum were analyzed separately. Furthermore, the left
      ventricular free wall was divided into endomyocardial and epimyocardial slices to
      permit separate investigation. Otherwise, the hydroxyproline concentration was
      always analyzed in left ventricular tissue. In swimming rats the absolute
      enlargement was very slight (15%), whereas the hydroxyproline concentration
      remained unchanged. The degree of hypertrophy was greater in all other
      experimental animals and was associated with an increase in hydroxyproline
      concentration in hypertrophied tissue. There was a positive correlation between
      the rate of hydroxyproline concentration increase and the degree of hypertrophy.
      The findings only vary in different experimental groups of Goldblatt rats at an
      early stage. Four weeks after surgery we found a left ventricular hypertrophy of
      34%, whereas hydroxyproline concentration in left ventricular tissue was
      unchanged in comparison to control values. In spontaneously hypertensive rats the
      increase in hydroxyproline concentration in endomyocardial areas was considerably
      greater than in epimyocardial areas. Significant differences in water retention
      and nitrogen content (microgram/mg dry tissue) of hypertrophied and normal
      ventricular tissue were not found.

PMID- 6449728
TI  - [Keys to success in pedodontics].

PMID- 6449729
TI  - [Occupational asthma].

PMID- 6449730
TI  - [Child therapeutics and schooling].

PMID- 6449731
TI  - A world of sound and music.

PMID- 6449732
TI  - Cooperation of murine F T and parental B lymphocytes in rejection of a xenogeneic
      tumour: adaptive differentiation of B lymphocytes?
AB  - The primary humoral immune response to rat Yoshida ascites sarcoma (YAS) grown in
      mice was used to study thymus-dependent (T) and bone marrow-derived (B)
      lymphocyte cooperation. It was shown that B6D2F1 T lymphocytes that do not
      cooperate with parental B lymphocytes enabled parental B lymphocytes from B6
      leads to B6D2F1 radiation chimaeras to reject the tumour. However, when the bone
      marrow cells from B6 leads to B6D2F1 chimaeras were used to reconstitute parental
      B6 mice, these B6 leads to B6D2F1 leads to B6 mice lost their tolerance to D2
      transplantation antigens, and their B lymphocytes were not able to cooperate with
      B6D2F1 T lymphocytes. In our search for the reasons for the failure of F1 T cells
      to be effective in parental and P leads to F1 leads to P TIR mice, rejection of
      F1 T cells was excluded because : (i) immune reactivity in TIR mice was found to
      be either absent or minimal; (ii) parental TIR mice did not produce any
      detectable cytotoxic antibodies after an intravenous injection of F1 splenic T
      cells; and (iii) YAS rejection was not induced at very high doses of F1 T cells.
      However, in a cell transfer system we were able to demonstrate that injection of
      spleen cells from parental TIR mice could thwart the successful cooperation of
      transferred F1 T cells with host B cells. Collectively, these data suggest that
      the changes of the collaborative potential of parental B cells as achieved in the
      F1 environment could be ascribed to 'adaptive' differentiation of B lymphocytes.
      It appears that the differentiation process that has rendered nonsyngeneic
      chimaeric cells able to cooperate was independent of the exogenous antigen.

PMID- 6449733
TI  - Inhibition of blastogenic factor by alloantigen-activated human lymphocytes.
AB  - Human suppressor cells generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) appear to
      inhibit both cellular proliferation and the mitogenic effects of blastogenic
      factor (BF). The results presented here indicate that the inhibition of BF by
      alloantigen-activated lymphocytes is not due to decreased lymphocyte
      proliferation as such, since BF normally produced by non-proliferating cultures
      was also suppressed. Moreover, the inhibition was not caused by direct
      suppression of the BF-producing lymphocytes, since incubation of BF with
      alloantigen-activated lymphocytes neutralized the mitogenic effects of BF. We
      therefore conclude that activated lymphocytes generated in human MLC directly
      inhibit or utilize BF. Our experiments also indicate that the activated
      lymphocytes do not have to proliferate to inhibit BF activity.

PMID- 6449734
TI  - Priming against stimulator-derived alloantigens bound onto MLC-activated blasts.
AB  - Several investigators have reported that antigen transfer between stimulator and
      responder cells occurs. We investigated whether it was possible to prime against
      such stimulator-derived alloantigens bound onto mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)
      activated blasts. For this purpose we generated blasts bearing bound stimulator
      derived alloantigens in a primary MLC. Subsequently we primed a new family member
      against these blasts and after 10 days restimulated with all family members. Our
      results showed that it was indeed possible to sensitize against this transferred
      antigen and to obtain specific restimulation. Moreover we demonstrated that it
      was possible to abolish this specific response by treating these blast cells with
      trypsin.

PMID- 6449735
TI  - [Catamnesis of patients with backache from an infantry boot camp].
AB  - A follow-up is reported in 58 former infantry recruits whose locomotor system was
      examined during recruit training in 1964. 35 recruits completed the training
      period in spite of marked pathological lesions of the spine, and 23 were
      prematurely discharged from recruit training due to back complaints.
      Reexamination of these men 7 and 15 years later showed that recruits discharged
      because of persistent back complaints did not show pathological findings in the
      spine not also observable in men who remained fit for service for 15 years. One
      exception was a recruit discharged for herniated lumbar disc. The pathological
      findings were spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, Scheuermann's disease, straight back
      and hyperkyphosis, and hyperlordosis. Half of those who remained fit for service,
      and three quarters of those discharged prematurely, complained of back pain in
      activities straining the spine. However, only one sixth of those fit for service
      and a quarter of those discharged prematurely saw a doctor for treatment of these
      symptoms. The results of these reexaminations may encourage army doctors to
      declare men fit for service in spite of a pathological back diagnosis, if they
      show a positive attitude to military service and if the history suggests
      functional load capacity of the spinal column.

PMID- 6449736
TI  - Importance of staging in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6449737
TI  - Seasonal variations and relative abundance of mesostigmatid mites collected from
      Bandicota bengalensis and Rattus species in Rangoon, Burma.
AB  - Examination of 536 female mesostigmatid mites of 177 samples collected from
      Bandicota bengalensis in Rangoon, Burma revealed 6 species present: Laelaps
      echidnina, L. nuttalli, L. myonyssognathus, Laelaps sp. A and B of Allred, 1970,
      and Liponyssoides muris, all of which were elsewhere reported from Rattus spp. in
      Rangoon. Analysis of variation in abundance by season found no significant
      differences except for Liponyssoides muris which was most common in the hot dry
      season, March through May.

PMID- 6449738
TI  - Species distribution of trombiculid mites on murine rodents in Rangoon, Burma.
AB  - Ectoparasite collections from over 12,000 commensal rodents and shrews in Rangoon
      were examined. Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, R. exulans and Bandicota bengalensis
      were found to host 12 species of trombiculid mites. Ascoschoengastia indica was
      the most abundant trombiculid found representing 84% of the total sample of
      15,000 chiggers. This species (A. indica) may be of considerable significance as
      a vector of murine typhus.

PMID- 6449739
TI  - Serological survey. I. Immunity status of some Burmese nationals to diphtheria.
AB  - The sera of 1,068 healthy Burmese adults of both sexes, having no history of
      active immunization against diphtheria or of classical clinical diphtheria, were
      titrated for antitoxin levels in order to determine their immunity status towards
      diphtheria. The rabbit intradermal test (Jensen, 1933) at the Lr/1000 level was
      used. Only 25 (2.3%) had antitoxin titres of less than 0.01 mu/ml and were
      classified as non-immune while the remaining 1043 (97.7%) possessed titres of
      0.01 mu/ml or more and were therefore immune. The percentage of non-immune
      females, 6.9% (13 out of 188) was significantly different (p > 0.01) from non
      immune males, being 1.4% (12 out of 880). No significant differences were found
      between the age groups regarding immunity status either in males or in females.

PMID- 6449740
TI  - [Organization of ambulatory polyclinical care for children living in a rural
      locale of Kirghizia].

PMID- 6449741
TI  - [Social hygiene characteristics of old-age pensioners living in Tbilisi].

PMID- 6449742
TI  - [Development of ambulatory and polyclinic services in rural areas of Uzbekistan].

PMID- 6449743
TI  - [Organization of specialized medical services for the rural population of
      Bashkiria].

PMID- 6449745
TI  - [Achievements and outlook in the development of public health in Kazakhstan].

PMID- 6449744
TI  - [Emergency hospitalization of patients in a large general hosptial].

PMID- 6449746
TI  - [Scientific bases for cancer control in the RSFSR].

PMID- 6449747
TI  - [Clinical, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of severe, combined chest
      injury].

PMID- 6449748
TI  - [Register of hemoblastoses (the organization and management problems of
      dispensary care)].

PMID- 6449749
TI  - [President of the Handicapped Information League: a lot of educational offers to
      the severely handicapped].

PMID- 6449750
TI  - [Organization and methods of conduction of state examinations in internal
      medicine].

PMID- 6449751
TI  - The Down syndrome in the fetus.
AB  - A significant number of fetuses with the Down syndrome are spontaneously lost
      before birth; however, very few such fetuses have been described. In the present
      study, 13 fetuses of 127--180 mm in crown-rump length were examined following
      amniocentesis diagnosis of trisomy 21 and therapeutic abortion. Four features,
      i.e., simian crease, clinodactyly, septal heart defects, and decreased size, were
      found to be relatively common in trisomy 21 fetuses as compared to controls.
      Other features were found to be less useful in identification. We conclude that
      the presence of two of the four features noted above is suggestive of trisomy 21
      in the fetus.

PMID- 6449752
TI  - Congenital malformations in Utah.
AB  - The rate of malformed children in Utah of 11.7 per 1,000 liver births, derived
      from 128,857 birth certificates, ws not high compared with other non-Utah
      studies. Rates of selected malformations also were not high. The rate of
      malformed children varied by county of residence. San Juan County reported the
      highest percentage of mothers receiving late or infrequent prenatal care, the
      lowest mean level of public education, and the highest rate of malformed children
      in the state. The rate was not significantly associated with the large population
      of Indians residing in that county since by controlling for residence, the
      variation by race was eliminated. The overall rate was positively associated with
      maternal age rimarily due to an increased frequency of Down's syndrome. The
      impact of the "maternal age effect" on the state malformation rate, however, was
      not large. By controlling for maternal age, the slight association between
      increased rate of malformed children and increasing birth order was eliminated.
      The rate of malformed children was higher for parents having a low level of
      education, infrequent prenatal care, or who were not married. There was also a
      strong negative association of birth weight with the rate of malformation.
      Analysis of rates of selected malformations suggested that the low birth weight
      was a sequela to intrauterine growth retardation caused by severe congenital
      malformation. The validity and etiologic implications of these results await
      further investigation.

PMID- 6449753
TI  - Cholinergic blockade in the prevention of exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - The contribution of vagal mechanisms to exercise-induced asthma has been studied
      in 10 adult asthmatic patients using the anticholinergic drug ipratropium
      bromide. Exercise tests were performed for eight minutes on a cycle ergometer and
      each individual's tests were standardised by matching oxygen uptake. Two tests
      were done on each of three study days, the first being without previous
      medication, and the second preceded by inhalation of ipratropium bromide, 0.1, or
      1 mg or saline placebo given 90 minutes beforehand. The mean falls in FEV1 and
      PEFR after the initial tests were very similar on the three study days. The mean
      falls in FEV1 after the second test were 22.3%, 19.5%, and 12.5% with placebo,
      0.1 mg, and 1 mg ipratropium bromide respectively. Only the higher dose was
      significantly better than placebo. The results were also analysed using a
      protection index to compare the first and second tests each day and 1 mg
      ipratropium bromide was significantly better than both 0.1 mg and placebo.
      Similar results were obtained using PEFR. Equal bronchodilatation was produced by
      the two doses of drug. We conclude that conventional doses of anticholinergic
      drugs are not effective in preventing exercise-induced asthma, while large doses
      may do so in the same group of subjects.

PMID- 6449754
TI  - alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor levels in relation to modes of urokinase
      administration.

PMID- 6449755
TI  - Human platelet factor 4 and tissue mast cells.

PMID- 6449756
TI  - Plasma exchange and platelet function in Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 6449757
TI  - FOY: [ethyl P-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy) benzoate] methanesulfonate as a serine
      proteinase inhibitor. I. Inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa in vitro.

PMID- 6449758
TI  - [Halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) in the Belgian Landrace breed of
      pigs: some findings concerning the role of subcellular fractions (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Both calcium ++-activated magnesium++ adenosine triphosphatase and the calcium++
      accumulating activity of SR isolated from white skeletal muscle of pigs of the
      Yorkshire breed resistant to MH and pigs of the Belgian Landrace breed
      susceptible to MH continue to be stable throughout the process of growth. There
      was not any detectable difference between the two breeds and therefore it could
      not be concluded that there was a defective SR membrane. Abnormal contractions
      induced by halothane and caffeine in biopsy specimens of muscle of MH-susceptible
      pigs of the Belgian Landrace breed are mainly produced by external calcium++, CN-
      not having any inhibitory effect in these cases. The contractions induced by
      combined caffeine and halothane in susceptible animals are more marked than those
      occurring in resistant animals. These increased contractions are mainly due to
      external Ca++ and, to a less extent, to CN--sensitive mitochondrial Ca++ fluxes.

PMID- 6449759
TI  - Dissimilar effects of ultraviolet light on HLA-D and HLA-DR antigens.
AB  - Since HLA-DR antigens are closely related to HLA-D antigens, we studied the
      effect of low-dose ultraviolet irradiation on the ability of human lymphocytes to
      induce a proliferative response in mixed lymphocyte culture (HLA-D) and on the
      serologic reactivity of B lymphocyte HLA-DR antigens. We found (1) no alteration
      in the serologic definition of DR antigens despite the abrogation of the
      induction of proliferative responses in mixed lymphocyte culture, (2) no evidence
      that ultraviolet light (UVL) stimulated suppressor cells contributed to the loss
      of allostimulation, and (3) no evidence that the abrogation of the induction of
      proliferative responses could be modified by increasing the number of UVL exposed
      lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture. These findings suggest that HLA-D and
      HLA-DR antigens are different molecularly, but are also consistent with the
      concept that certain active metabolic processes are required of stimulator cells
      for allostimulation and that these processes are UVL sensitive.

PMID- 6449760
TI  - Typing for HLA-D/DR associated DP-antigens with the primed lymphocyte typing
      (PLT) technique.
AB  - A total of 74 healthy unrelated random individuals and 36 patients with juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were typed for HLA-D antigens with the homozygous
      typing cell technique and typed for HLA-D/DR associated DP-antigens with the
      primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique. All patients and some of the controls
      were also HLA-DR typed with a limited battery of anti-DR sera. Selected PLT
      cells, specific for the HLA-D/DR antigens D/DRw1-8 and the local specificity D"H"
      were used. The results of the PLT-experiments were evaluated with the Normalized
      Median Response (NMR) method and the further procedure of DP-antigen assignment
      was analyzed. The DP-antigen assignments could be done solely according the NMR
      values in approximately two thirds of the individuals. In the remaining
      individuals, further interpretation of the experimental data had to be done for
      the assignment of DP-antigens. The correlation coefficients were estimated
      between the HLA-D assignments and (i) the individual PLT-cell NMR-values with a
      fixed cut-off for positive reactions and (ii) the DP-antigen assignments. These
      coefficients were 0.79 and 0.92, respectively. The correlations between HLA-D, 
      DR and DP-antigen assignments of the specificities HLA-D, -DR and DP1, 2, 3, 4, 7
      and 8 were analyzed in 42 controls and 36 JRA patients. The total correlation
      coefficients were: (i) HLA-D/DR: r = 0.78; HLA-DR/DP: 0.77; and HLA-D/DP: 0.96.
      The DP-antigen assignments correlated significantly better with HLA-D than with
      the HLA-DR antigen assignments, which does not agree with other studies. The DP
      antigen frequencies among the controls were calculated and the estimated sum of
      gene frequency corresponding to definable DP-antigens was 0.94 indicating that
      about 12% of random individuals possess as yet undefined DP-antigens.

PMID- 6449761
TI  - Polyclonal antibody secretion induced in human mixed lymphocyte cultures. II. No
      direct activation of B cells.
AB  - Antibody secreting B cells were measured as plaque forming cells (PFC) in a
      hemolysis-in-gel assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) coupled SRBC as
      targets or protein A coupled SRBC as targets and developing antisera. Peak
      antibody secretion occurred on day 5 and the highest number of PFC was seen when
      mitomycin treated stimulator cells: responder cells were used in a ratio of 1:4.
      The number of PFC in MLC was not correlated to the DNA synthetic response.
      Antibody secretion in MLC was found to be of IgM, IgG and IgA classes.
      Significant numbers of PFC in MLC from blood lymphocytes were detected with the
      protein A technique, but not using FITC-SRBC targets. Compared to spleen cells,
      fewer PFC were stimulated in blood lymphocytes. B cells alone, enriched by
      rosetting of T cells, did not respond by antibody secretion or DNA synthesis in
      MLC. When Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to MLC an additional effect was seen
      on the number of PFC which may indicate that distinct B cell subpopulations are
      activated in MLC by LPS.

PMID- 6449762
TI  - Analysis of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Testosterone and 3 beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone) have
      been identified in human parotid fluid and saliva by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry/selected ion monitoring analyses of the t-butyldimethylsilyl ether
      and methyl oxime, t-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivatives. High specificity of
      analysis has been achieved by the use of high mass spectrometric resolution or by
      the monitoring of metastable peaks. Quantitative analyses indicate concentrations
      of both unconjugated testosterone and unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone in the
      range 200-800 pmol/l in the saliva and parotid fluid of the normal males
      examined. These represent 1.5-7.5% of the concentrations of the steroids in blood
      plasma taken from the same subjects.

PMID- 6449763
TI  - [Experience with the specialization and advanced training of experts in the
      Department of Forensic Medicine of the Leningrad S. M. Kirov Institute of
      Physician Advanced Training].

PMID- 6449764
TI  - [Organizational experience with the socialist competition in a bureau of forensic
      medical expertise].

PMID- 6449765
TI  - Structure--function relationships of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes: a
      bacterial membrane model system.

PMID- 6449766
TI  - Functional differentiation of T-cell precursors. II. Recovery of immunocompetence
      in lethally irradiated bone marrow reconstituted mice.
AB  - The recovery of T-cell immunocompetence in irradiated mice repopulated with
      syngeneic bone marrow cells has been studied. Both thymocytes and spleen cells
      from irradiated recipients were tested for Concanavalin A mitogen responsiveness,
      mixed lymphocyte reactivity, generation of trinitrophenyl-hapten-modified self
      cytotoxicity and helper cell carrier function. Responsiveness in the thymus
      reaches peak levels between 3-5 wk after marrow transfer, while splenic
      reactivity peaks at least 2-3 wk later, presumably a reflection of emigration
      from the thymus to peripheral lymphoid organs. Most T-cell functions reappeared
      at approximately the same time, though Con A responsiveness appeared first and
      helper activity for indirect IgG formation last. Since we have previously
      demonstrated that helper cell precursors in the marrow can be rendered tolerant,
      these studies will now allow definition of specificity in other T-cell subsets.

PMID- 6449767
TI  - Effect of blood transfusions on renal transplantation: study of 191 consecutive
      first transplants from living related donors.
AB  - One hundred ninety-one consecutive living related transplants performed from 1969
      to the end of 1978 have been analyzed for the effect of pretransplant blood
      transfusions. Superior graft survival was observed in transfused patients
      transplanted with a one HLA haplotype-disparate kidney, whereas no effect of
      blood transfusions could be observed on the survival of HLA-identical
      transplants. The frequency of first rejection episodes was significantly reduced
      in transfused compared to nontransfused one haplotype-mismatched transplants,
      while no influence of blood transfusions was seen in patients with HLA-identical
      transplants. The survival of patients was, however, not influenced by previous
      transfusions. Pretransplant hemodialysis improved graft survival and patient
      survival; the difference was, however, only significant at 2 years in the one
      haplotype-mismatched group. When analyzed separately, both blood transfusions and
      hemodialysis had a beneficial effect on graft survival in one haplotype
      mismatched transplants.

PMID- 6449768
TI  - Serum and cell-mediated cytotoxicity after primary and secondary orthotopic tooth
      transplants among RhLA-paired rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Twenty-six rhesus monkeys were paired on the basis of RhLA serologically defined
      (SD) antigens and then mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) were performed for each
      donor-recipient combination. All but one monkey responded positively to its
      partner in MLC. In vitro assays for complement-dependent antibody-mediated
      cytotoxicity (CDC) and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) were performed
      before and after each of two separate orthotopic tooth transplants for each
      recipient. There was no detectable CDC or LMC before tooth transplantation. The
      maxillary right central incisors were exchanged between paired monkeys and 60
      days later the left maxillary central incisors were transplanted. After the first
      tooth allograft, there was very little CDC activity in any recipient and only one
      matched group showed any remarkable LMC activity. However, after the second tooth
      transplant there was a very clear CDC response in the majority of monkeys. The
      LMC activity remained low after retransplantation. There did not seem to be any
      consistent relationship between RhLA match and in vitro cytotoxicity. The results
      indicate that tooth allografts are weak immunogens but they do evoke humoral
      immunity after retransplantation. The biological relevance of these serum
      antibodies remains to be determined.

PMID- 6449769
TI  - Effect of cyclomunine on allogeneic responses in mice.

PMID- 6449770
TI  - [Presence in the kidneys of nephrothelium precursor cells].
AB  - The method of histoautoradiography was used to study dynamics of indices of
      impulse and diluted marks in 2 cellular subpopulations of the kidney cortex: in
      the intertubular cells (IT-cells) and in the endothelium-like cells (E-cells) of
      the convoluted tubules. It is shown that under conditions of pathology (sublimate
      nephrosis) a part of IT-cells transforms into E-cells. A conclusion is made that
      IT-cells may be considered predecessor cells of the nephrothelium.

PMID- 6449771
TI  - Hormone synthesis by primary breast carcinomas and prognosis in human breast
      cancer.
AB  - The ability of human breast carcinomas to convert pregnenolone to progesterone
      and dehydroepiandrosterone to delta 4-androstene-3,17-dione (delta 4) was
      investigated as a potential aid for prognosis, and the following observations
      were recorded. 1. Neither the amounts of progesterone or delta 4 synthesized nor
      delta 4/progesterone ratios correlated with tumour size or lymph node
      involvement. 2. delta 4 synthesis was lower in carcinomas from patients who had
      recurrences within 2 years of mastectomy than in carcinomas from those who
      remained free of metastases. 3. Life table analysis of the results indicated that
      these parameters appeared unlikely to be useful aids for prognosis.

PMID- 6449772
TI  - [Skin reactions caused by propylene glycol].

PMID- 6449773
TI  - [Problems of urology in the works of Abu Ali Ibn-Sina].

PMID- 6449774
TI  - Some cases selected for intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 6449775
TI  - Treatment of bovine parasitic bronchitis.

PMID- 6449776
TI  - The comparative efficacy of levamisole and diethlycarbamazine citrate against
      Distyocaulus viviparus infection in cattle.
AB  - Comparative controlled trials were undertaken to establish whether resistance to
      reinfection can develop in cattle following anthelmintic treatment of a primary
      lungworm infection. Levamisole proved more effective than diethylcarbamazine.

PMID- 6449777
TI  - [Contribution of physiotherapy nurses in the recovery of physically deficient
      children].

PMID- 6449778
TI  - Construction and characterization of a cohesive end site mutant of bacteriophage
      lambda.

PMID- 6449780
TI  - [Let us put progressive accomplishments into practice].

PMID- 6449779
TI  - Reversion of a cohesive end site mutant of bacteriophage lambda by recombination
      with a defective prophage.

PMID- 6449781
TI  - [Clinical use and advantages of 2-dimensional echocardiography].

PMID- 6449782
TI  - Appreciating the consequences of disease: the international classification of
      impairments, disabilities, and handicaps.

PMID- 6449783
TI  - [Clinical pharmacological trials of a new metered dose inhaler, IK-6, a
      combination of the bronchodilators fenoterol and ipratropium bromide (author's
      transl)].
AB  - IK-6, a combination of the sympathomimetic fenoterol (low dose) and the
      anticholinergic ipratropium bromide (normal dose), was tested single-blind and
      cross-over in outpatients with intrinsic asthma and in healthy volunteers. In 12
      patients IK-6 resulted in a good acute bronchodilatation, the onset was as quick
      as following fenoterol and the maximum was as good as following ipratropium
      bromide. In another 12 patients the protective effect against an acetylcholine
      induced bronchoconstriction was better after IK-6 than after ipratropium bromide
      and much better than after salbutamol. In these patients IK-6 caused no unwanted
      side effects. In 10 healthy volunteers the effect on heart rate was tested after
      inhalation of 20 puffs of bronchodilators applied by metered dose inhaler. The
      anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, dibenzothiepine
      derivative) caused no effect. Following fenoterol a marked increase in heart rate
      could be observed, whereas the combination IK-6 caused only a slight increase.

PMID- 6449784
TI  - Toxicities of combinations of pentachloronitrobenzene with mercuric chloride or
      cadmium chloride, and hexachlorobenzene with mercuric chloride administered to
      rats.
AB  - 1. Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and HgCl2, PCNB and CdCl2, and
      hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and HgCl2 were investigated for their acute oral toxicity
      in rats, individually and as combinations in various ratios of the organochlorine
      pesticides to the heavy metal chlorides. 2. The toxicity of mixtures of low
      dosages of the pairs tested was higher than the sum of the toxicities produced by
      the individual doses. 3. At increased dosages of the components in the
      combinations PCNB-HgCl2 and PCNB-CdCl2, the combined lethality tended towards the
      sums of the effects of the individual doses.

PMID- 6449785
TI  - Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography of heterocyclic aromatic N
      oxides: application to measurement of N-oxidation by microsomes and rat
      hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - 1. The rates of N-oxide formation from pyridine, nicotinamide and isonicotinamide
      by rat liver microsomes and by cultured rat hepatocytes have been quantified
      using a simple h.p.l.c. system. 2. Hepatocytes produce hetero-aromatic N-oxides
      for at least 5 h, making them a useful system to study the N-oxidation of
      pyridines.

PMID- 6449786
TI  - [Sezary syndrome--clinical aspects and histology].

PMID- 6449787
TI  - [Light and electron microscopic studies of the structure and histochemistry of
      the oviduct epithelial cells (pars recta and pars convoluta I, II, III) in
      Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela)].
AB  - The oviduct of the ovoviviparous Salamandra salamandra is differentiated into
      five readily distinguishable regions (1. pars recta, 2. p. convoluta I, 3. p.
      convoluta II, 4. p. convoluta III, 5. p. convoluta IV or uterus) due to the
      structure of its epithelial cells and the carbohydrate histochemistry of their
      secretory products. The epithelium of region 1-4 is mono-layered and exhibits
      ciliated and rather undifferentiated cells which both may contain small amounts
      of secretory material. Large amounts, however, are present in different gland
      cells restricted to discrete regions of the oviduct: microgranulocytes occur in
      the p. convoluta I, II, III, microspongiocytes in the p. convoluta II, III,
      groups of voluminous spongiocytes and granulocytes which form crypts are found in
      the p. convoluta I (spongiocytes I), in the p. convoluta II (granulocytes), and
      in the p. convoluta III (spongiocytes II). The uterine epithelium consists of a
      uniform cell type described elsewhere. All secretory cells contain neutral
      mucosubstances (in particular the granulocytes and microgranulocytes) and acid
      mucosubstances with carboxyl- and sulphate-groups. Sulphate ester groups are
      common in the mucigen globules of the spongiocytes and the microgranulocytes,
      whereas carboxylgroups and a demonstrable protein component seem to be
      predominant in the seromucous granulocytes. The secretory product of the
      microspongiocytes could not be characterized clearly. The ultrastructural
      features of the gland cells resemble those of other mucus secreting cells. The
      Golgi apparatus is the most prominent cell organelle of the spongiocytes and
      granulocytes. In the latter cells granular endoplasmic reticulum is invariable
      abundant. The secretory granules of all epithelial cells including the content of
      the vacuoles of the microspongiocytes as well as substances within the
      dictyosomes and associated vesicles are stained with the periodic acid--chromic
      acid--methenamine silver (PACAMS) technique suggesting periodic acid-reactive
      carbohydrate components. The oviducal gland cells of all pregnant and non
      pregnant females investigated--specimens immediately after deposition of the
      jelly envelopes of the eggs could not be examined during this study--are filled
      with secretory material. It appears to be discharged at least by the spongiocytes
      and granulocytes into the lumen of the oviduct also beyond the time of secreting
      the jelly layers.

PMID- 6449788
TI  - [Duodenal stenoses in the newborn].

PMID- 6449789
TI  - [Analgesic, hypotensive and cardiotonic action of the essential oil of the thyme
      growing in Azerbaijan].

PMID- 6449790
TI  - [Drug toxicodermias].

PMID- 6449791
TI  - [Changes in the capillary state and skin temperature of the hands as affected by
      an NTB-type synthetic glue in shoe industry workers].

PMID- 6449792
TI  - [Psoriasis treatment by a photochemotherapy (PUVA) method].

PMID- 6449793
TI  - [Liquid nitrogen treatment of keratoderma].

PMID- 6449794
TI  - [Keratosis blennorrhagica and circinate vulvitis as a manifestation of Reiter's
      disease in women].

PMID- 6449795
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Kirghiz
      Medical Institute].

PMID- 6449796
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and course of occupational dermatoses in
      flax plant workers].

PMID- 6449797
TI  - [Tetracycline treatment of common acne].

PMID- 6449798
TI  - [Hares, one of the sources of the spread or T. mentagrophyter var. gypseum].

PMID- 6449799
TI  - [Comparative studies of the mirocirculation in the cement organ of the teeth of
      rats. Part 3: Cement organ (author's transl)].
AB  - The author deals with the blood supply of the cement organ in rat incisors and
      molars. In both tooth types the microcirculatory structure is similar. The
      arteria and accompanying capillaries supplying the cement organ run parallel to
      each other and the root. The similar organization of blood supply in the two
      tooth types is attributed by the author to developmental and functional causes.

PMID- 6449800
TI  - [Constant fluoridation of drinking water and the incidence of dental caries in
      children and juveniles (author's transl)].
AB  - The regular examination of 20,000 children and juveniles aged 6 to 15 (permanent
      teeth) and some 12.500 three- to eight-year-olds (deciduous teeth) has shown that
      the incidence of dental caries (DMF/T and df/t indices) is directly dependent
      upon the constant fluoridation of drinking water (1.0 +/- 0.1 ppm F). The
      reduction in dental caries observed on both deciduous and permanent teeth as a
      result of twelve years of fluoridation of drinking water, which was started in
      Karl-Marx-Stadt in 1959, was followed, because of the necessity to temporarily
      discontinue the addition of fluorine salts to the drinking water, by a slight
      increase in caries which could be checked through refluorination. After eighteen
      years of fluoridation of drinking water, the situation can again be considered to
      be in equilibrium. The need for proper fluoridation and regular control thereof
      through analyzing the fluorine content of drinking water is pointed out.

PMID- 6449801
TI  - [Effect of chlorhexidine inthe form of an 0.2% solution and a 1% gel upon the
      gingiva and the state of oral hygiene of schoolchildren (author's transl)].
AB  - A double blind experiment made twice for two weeks was used to determine the
      effectiveness of chlorhexidine-containing preparations (0.2% solution, 1% gel)
      from the oral hygiene index, the sulcal bleeding index, and the rate of flow of
      sulcal fluid, with a total of 64 schoolchildren serving as subjects. The results
      of a longitudinal comparison confirmed the plaque-inhibiting effect of the
      chemotherapeutic agent, whereas inflammations of the gingiva were seen to be
      essentially unaffected. Short-time application of chlorhexidine is recommended as
      a supportive measure of oral hygiene to be taken in specific cases of indication.

PMID- 6449802
TI  - [Studies on the influence of mixing ratio and manual or mechanical mixinng ratio
      and manual or mechanical mixing on physical properties of composites (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The study was carried out in order to see whether the physical properties
      (microhardness, cone-flow-point, compressive strength, abrasion resistance,
      density, dimensional change adherence to enamel) of the powder-liquid- composite
      are dependent upon the processing conditions (powder-liquid-ratio, manual or
      mechanical mixing). We found that the higher the powder-liquid-ratio the higher
      the microhardness, compressive strength, density and the least the volume
      contraction. The abrasion resistance and the adherence to enamel depended not
      significantly upon the mixing ratio. In a manual mixed composite the highest cone
      flow-point has been found to lie between a high and a low powder-liquid-ratio.
      All this findings show clearly that a standardized powder-liquid-ratio is a
      necessary prerequisite to an optimal quality of the composite. This optimal ratio
      can be guaranteed by a proper predosage in capsules. Mechanical mixing increased
      the microhardness, cone-flow-point, compressive strength and density. This fact
      is due to homogenity and small porosity. Mechanical mixed and injection-capsule
      composites are recommendable.

PMID- 6449803
TI  - [Pyogenic infections of the jaws and adjacent soft parts - retrospective analysis
      of 9,069 patients treated on an outpatient basis between 1969 and 1978 at the
      Clinic of Stomatology, University of Halle/Saale (author's transl)].
AB  - Of 162.338 patients who between 1969 and 1978 received treatment at the Clinic of
      Stomatology, University of Halle-an-der-Saale, 9.069 (or 5.6 percent) were
      treated on an outpatient basis after having been diagnosed as having
      actinomycosis, osteomyelitis, lymphadenitis, difficult dentition, and nonspecific
      pyogenic soft-part infections (abscesses or infiltrates). A retrospective
      analysis by electronic data processing of case histories provided valuable
      information about morbidity, disposition, cause, localization, and the tendency
      for dental surgeons to refer certain cases to specialty clinics. There are
      pathognomonic differences in indexical systems for the different clinical
      pictures. Cases of osteomyelitis and soft-part infection with suspected
      actinomycosis were found to increase in correlation with the proportion of
      antimicrobially pretreated patients. About 60 percent of all patients receiving
      treatment at this Clinic were not referred thereto by dentists. Of the documents
      presented by patients referred to the Clinic of Stomatology by other dental
      surgeons, some 42.5 percent were filled out incompletely.

PMID- 6449804
TI  - [Laparoscopic aspiration of Graafian follicle--its action on ovocyte
      ultrastructure (author's transl)].
AB  - The ultrastructure of human ovocytes was studied, the latter having been obtained
      laparoscopically following induced ovulation, using clomiphene and HCG. Optimum
      vacuum size for aspiration was tested on embryonated rat ova. It was found to be
      between 10 kPa and 30 kPa, that is between 100 and 300 mm H2O. Ultrastructural
      alteration was recordable neither from human nor from rat ovocytes. No change in
      ultrastructure was obtained either from subsequent in vitro culturing, and some
      of the ovocytes were embryonated with good success.

PMID- 6449805
TI  - [Salmonella infections in germ-free and bacteroides-carrying guinea pigs].

PMID- 6449806
TI  - [Results of 20 years of using nutrient media with antibiotics for the purpose of
      isolating shigellae].

PMID- 6449807
TI  - [Instance of isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from humans in Uzbekistan].

PMID- 6449808
TI  - [Distribution and numerical dynamics of populations of NAG-vibrios in the Volga
      delta and their ecologic tolerance].

PMID- 6449809
TI  - [Interaction of influenza virus, staphylococci, and staphylococcal bacteriophages
      in developing chick embryos].

PMID- 6449810
TI  - [Characteristics of bacteriocinogeny in Brucella].

PMID- 6449811
TI  - [Evaluation of mass influenza prevention effectiveness using an inactivated
      chromatographic vaccine in Leningrad].
AB  - The work presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of mass immunization with
      inactivated chromatographic vaccine carried out in Leningrad during the influenza
      A (H3N2) epidemic of 1979--1980. These prophylactic measures were shown to cause
      a statistically significant decrease in morbidity rate among the vaccinees and
      the whole population (morbidity rate decreased 1.41 times among the whole
      population, 1.99 times among persons aged 8 years and over and 3.1 times among
      the vaccinees at industrial enterprises). The economic effect of 8.4 million
      roubles was achieved. To evaluate the apidemiological effectiveness of the above
      mentioned antiepidemic measures, an original complex of techniques has been
      developed; such techniques can also be used for the evaluation of other similar
      measures.

PMID- 6449812
TI  - [Antibodies to measles virus among the urban and rural population of the Andizhan
      Region].

PMID- 6449813
TI  - [Lysogeny by phages specific to Yersinia pestis in bacteria of the
      microbiocenoses of wild plague-carrying rodents].
AB  - For the first time lysogenic bacteria of the genus Escherichia, spontaneously
      producing bacteriophages specific to the infective agent of plague, have been
      detected in the microbiocenoses of midday gerbils, plague carrier in the Volga
      Urals natural focus. The morphological, cultural and biochemical properties of 22
      lysogenic Escherichia strains isolated from wild rodents, as well as the spectra
      of the lytic activity of temperate bacteriophages produced by the above-mentioned
      microorganisms have been studied. Proceeding from the findings obtained in this
      research, all the strains have been divided into 3 lysotypes.

PMID- 6449814
TI  - [Pertussis vaccine as an inducer of suppressor cells inhibiting the local graft
      versus host reaction].
AB  - The formation of nonspecific suppressor cells inhibiting the development of the
      graft versus host (GvH) reaction is shown to occur in the spleen of CBA mice
      after the injection of pertussis vaccine. 2 splenocyte populations have been
      found to possess suppressing activity: one of them comprises the splenocytes
      sensitive to anti-theta serum, carrying no receptors to IgG and IgM on their
      surface and incapable of adherence to the plastic surface; the splenocytes in the
      other population adhere to the plastic surface. During incubation and in vitro
      contact with the allogenic cells of intact donors the suppressor splenocytes
      release soluble mediators capable of suppressing the GvH reaction.

PMID- 6449815
TI  - [Humoral immunity in children inoculated with a live measles vaccine].

PMID- 6449816
TI  - [Use of data on Shigella contamination and immunity indices for studying the
      activity of the epidemic process in dysentery].
AB  - The comparative study of the monthly distribution of characteristics indicating
      the levels of contamination with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri separately, as well
      as the seasonal dynamics of the corresponding antibodies, in the years with high
      and low morbidity levels has been made with the use the indirect hemagglutination
      test. The possibility of using these characteristics for the evaluation of the
      activity of the epidemic process in dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei is shown.

PMID- 6449817
TI  - [Enterobacterial sensitivity to colicins in the presence of enterochelin].
AB  - The correlation between the colicine resistance of the reference and isolated
      strains of enterobacteria and their capacity for the biosynthesis of
      enterocheline, as well as the influence of exogenous enterocheline on the
      colicine sensitivity of enterobacteria were studied. In the wild strains of
      enterobacteria sensitivity to colicines was shown to have no correlation with
      capacity for the accumulation of catechol-type sideriphores. In some cases
      exogenous enterocheline prevents the lethal effect of colicines on the cultures
      of microorganisms capable of the biosynthesis of enterocheline.

PMID- 6449818
TI  - [Enzymatic degradation of nucleoproteins and their heparin complexes].

PMID- 6449819
TI  - Plasmapheresis in patients with leukaemia, multiple myeloma and immune complex
      diseases.

PMID- 6449820
TI  - The antagonism of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade.
AB  - The antagonism of the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade is accomplished many
      times in a given day. Fortunately, the incidents of complications are low. If
      they do occur and are not recognized and treated properly, however, the results
      can be serious. In this article, the author reviews the curariform group of
      drugs, anticholinesterases, and anticholinergics, evaluating the antagonism of
      the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade.

PMID- 6449821
TI  - Peripheral circulation during sufentanyl and morphine anesthesia.
AB  - Sufentanyl is a newly developed potent, short-acting fentanyl-like
      morphinomimetic. No independent studies of the peripheral circulation during
      sufentanyl anesthesia are available. In the present study we compared the effects
      of sufentanyl and morphine on the peripheral perfusion in dogs. The effects of
      total beta-blockade during sufentanyl and morphine anesthesia were also
      evaluated. We elected to record skeletal muscle surface pH (m-pH) continuously as
      an index of the microcirculation and cellular fractions. Arterial and mixed
      venous blood gases and acid-base status were measured to determine the
      respiratory component of changes in m-pH. Hematocrits, plasma electrolytes and
      plasma proteins were analyzed in order to permit calculations of fluid-shifts
      between the blood and the interstitial fluid. Sufentanyl (0.01 mg/kg) had no
      adverse effects on the peripheral perfusion. Morphine (4 mg/kg) caused a severe
      and rapid fall in m-pH from 7.29 to 7.11 during the 30-min experimental period.
      At the same time, calculated blood volume decreased by 20%. This hypovolemic
      deterioration of the circulation was probably caused by a histamine-mediated
      increase in capillary pressure with filtration of plasma from the circulation to
      the interstitial fluid. Calculated systemic vascular resistance was not
      correlated to the quality of the peripheral perfusion. Propranolol administered
      during sufentanyl and morphine anesthesia did not influence the peripheral
      perfusion. On the basis of the present study we recommend human studies on
      sufentanyl, and discourage the use of high-dose morphine anesthesia.

PMID- 6449822
TI  - In vitro induction of murine suppressor T-cells by human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) has previously been considered to be
      immunosuppressive and, thus, by prohibiting maternal rejection of the fetal
      transplant, to be one of the factors responsible for the successful outcome of
      pregnancy. The mechanism by which HCG exerts its pregnancy retaining effect is,
      however, as yet unknown. The present study shows that HCG has the capacity in
      mice of inducing lymphocytes which are subsequently competent to depress a
      polyclonal antibody response induced by different B cell mitogens. It is
      therefore suggested that HCG may exert its feto-protective action by inducing
      suppressor T cells. These lymphocytes would thus prevent the activation of cells
      which are responsible for transplant rejection.

PMID- 6449823
TI  - Bone scanning in lumbar disc herniation.
AB  - 99m technetium methylene diphosphate was used for whole body scanning and linear
      multiplane tomoscanning in 10 patients with typical clinical symptoms of
      prolapsed disc, in order to investigate whether there would be an increased focal
      accumulation corresponding to the bone structures adjacent to the affected disc.
      The diagnosis of a prolapsed disc was confined by amipaque myelography, carried
      out in 9 patients, and finally verified at operation. In none of the 10 cases
      could accumulation of radioactivity in the bony structures of the affected lumar
      segment be demonstrated. Consequently this method has not been adopted for the
      diagnosis of prolapsed lumbar discs. However it was demonstrated that 99m
      technetium methylene diphosphate scintillography is useful in the differential
      diagnosis of anchylosing spondylitis and discitis.

PMID- 6449824
TI  - Lymphocyte ATPase activity in patients with carcinoma of the larynx. A follow-up
      study on 45 patients.
AB  - Mitochondria-related Mg ATPase activity was assayed in lymphocytes isolated from
      the blood in 45 patients with epidermoid carcinomas of the larynx. Increased
      activity was found in 11 patients and normal or subnormal activity in the
      remaining cases. No correlation could be demonstrated between the magnitude or
      the spreading of the malignancy as recorded by the TNM classification and the
      ATPase activity. In 36 patients determinations were carried out repeatedly during
      a period from 6 to 20 months following therapy and after 3 years a final follow
      up on all patients was done. All patients received high-voltage radiotherapy and
      in 7 patients additional partial or total laryngectomia was carried out, one
      patient had bilateral neck dissection. After radiotherapy the ATPase activity
      decreased significantly in 17 patients while it either remained normal or
      increased temporarily in the rest. No correlation was found between the course of
      the disease and the initial ATPase activity or the pattern of variation in ATPase
      activity following therapy. Contrary to what resulted from a preliminary study,
      it is concluded that determination of lymphocyte ATPase activity is of no
      diagnostic value in patients with laryngeal carcinoma, nor does it offer any
      prognostic help in determining which patients may relapse or develop metastatic
      disease.

PMID- 6449825
TI  - Tonsillar suppressors of killer cells in tonsillitis.
AB  - The authors studied the effect of tonsil cells obtained from intact and inflamed
      tonsils on spontaneous cytotoxicity of autologous blood leucocytes. It has been
      shown that addition of tonsil cells of patients with chronic tonsillitis and
      those of animals with experimental tonsillitis to blood cells with a high
      cytotoxic potential did not augment cytolysis of heteroerythrocytes but inhibited
      it. Meanwhile in the joint cultivation of tonsil cells of intact animals and
      children with tonsillar hypertrophy with autologous blood leucocytes the killer
      effect exceeded that seen in a separate use of these cells. The data presented in
      this article indicate that non-specific suppressors capable of inhibiting
      spontaneous killing may appear in tonsils in the course of inflammation.

PMID- 6449826
TI  - Duffy blood group system, phosphoglucomutase and glutamate-pyruvate transminase
      in homo- and heterozygous cases of mucoviscidosis.
AB  - The phenotype and genotype distributions and the gene frequencies of the Duffy
      blood group system and the phosphoglucomutase and glutamatepyruvate transaminase
      red blood cell enzyme systems were examined in mucoviscidosis homo- and
      heterozygotes, and the results were compared with the data for the average
      Hungarian population. In view of the amylase defect in mucoviscidosis, a study
      was made of the variations in distribution of the protein products of adjacent
      gene loci (Duffy and phosphoglucomutase), and of the association of identical
      geno-types (Duffy and phosphoglucomutase homo- and homozygosity, or hetero- and
      heterozygosity). In the mucoviscidosis homo- and heterozygotes, the percentage
      values agreed with those for the average population, both for the phenotypes and
      genotypes of the individual blood groups and the above enzymes, and for the gene
      frequencies. No differences specific for mucoviscidosis were found for Duffy and
      phosphoglucomutase. No common genetic regulation could be found between the
      adjacent gene loci (amylase and Duffy or phosphoglucomutase).

PMID- 6449827
TI  - Autologous immune complex nephritis and DOCA-NaCl load: a new model of
      hypertension.
AB  - In order to explore immunological features of hypertension, we studied autologous
      immune complex nephritis (Heymann nephritis) combined with DOCA-NaCl treatment.
      This combination resulted in hypertension and increased heart weight whereas DOCA
      NaCl treatment alone induced only a slight elevation of blood pressure and a
      moderate increase in heart weight. Nephritic rats without DOCA-NaCl load remained
      normotensive, their heart weights being comparable to those of controls. This new
      model of hypertension was neither characterized by azotemia nor by reduced renal
      excretory capacity. Hypertension was not renin-angiotensin-dependent. DOCA-NaCl
      treatment accelerated the development of proteinuria. In the hypertensive rats,
      systolic blood pressure to daily urinary protein excretion. Renal histopathology
      revealed changes resembling those of malignant nephrosclerosis. Immunohistology
      and electron microscopy showed a typical membranous glomerulonephritis in all
      immunized animals. It was concluded that immune complex disease of the Heymann
      nephritis type may interfere with normal hemodynamic adaptation to hypervolemic
      sodium load, resulting in hypertension.

PMID- 6449828
TI  - Trisodium phosphonoformate inhibits woodchuck hepatitis virus associated DNA
      polymerase.
AB  - Recently a new virus has been described which infects woodchucks, Marmota monax.
      This virus, named woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is closely related to human
      hepatitis virus (HBV). The virions have the same principal antigenic system
      involving surface and core determinants and a serological relationship has been
      found. WHV has also a DNA polymerase associated with the core. It has previously
      been reported that trisodium phosphonoformate (PFA) but not phosphonoacetic acid
      (PAA) inhibits DNA polymerase associated with HBV. This investigation shows the
      same type of inhibition pattern by PFA and PAA on WHV DNA polymerase.

PMID- 6449829
TI  - Activation of factor XII in plasma from rats pretreated with tranexamic acid.
      Inhibition of a plasmin-induced loss of the functional activity of high molecular
      weight kininogen.
AB  - Incubation of plasma from rats pretreated with tranexamic acid (40 mg/100 g) with
      acetone (23% V/V) yielded enzyme preparations in which all the plasminogen
      present was recovered as plasmin and a plasmin-like substance without affinity
      for lysine-Sepharose. This substance, designated "plasmin", was separated from
      plasmin and kallikrein in a three-step procedure using columns of lysine
      Sepharose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and arginine-Sepharose. The ratios of
      fibrinolytic, caseinolytic, LEe esterase, BAEe esterase and kininogenase
      activities of "plasmin" corresponded well with those of rat plasmin and human
      plasmin. Both rat plasmin and "plasmin" destroyed the capacity of high molecular
      weight kininogen (HMWK) to function as a cofactor in the activation of factor XII
      in rat plasma, without causing a corresponding release of the kinin part of the
      molecule. Rat plasma kallikrein induced full release of kinin from HMWK, but the
      functional capacity was retained. It is suggested that the reduced extent of
      activation of factor XII observed in plasma from rats injected intravenously with
      dextran, or rat plasma that has been passed through a column with lysine
      Sepharose, is due to the loss of functional HMWK caused by plasmin activated in
      vivo or on the column.

PMID- 6449830
TI  - Skeletal scintigraphy with technetium diphosphonate in multiple myeloma--a
      comparison with skeletal x-ray.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with multiple myeloma were examined in close time relation
      with skeletal X-ray survey and bone scanning using technetium diphosphonate.
      Results indicate that X-ray is superior to bone scan in detecting myelomatous
      bone lesions. Approximately twice as many lesions were detected by X-ray as by
      bone scan. An exception to this general finding is the lumbar spine and rib cage,
      in which the two methods are equally reliable. Thus, a negative bone scan does
      not exclude the possibility of a myelomatous bone lesion.

PMID- 6449831
TI  - Experiences from the accident of Seveso.
AB  - Provisional data on selected sanitary events which took place at Seveso after
      July 10 1976 are reported. 187 cases of chloracne, mostly in children, were
      detected, 50 just after the accident, the others within a year. Most polluted
      area (zone A) provided almost all "early" and most severe cases, but the
      territorial distribution of chloracne prevalence rates showed some
      inconsistencies with the soil TCDD pollution map; interpretations for such
      findings are discussed. Thirty-eight birth defects were detected in 1977 (none in
      zones A and B), more than in previous years, but still less than expected in a
      well controlled "normal" population: no clustering around a given type was
      observed. Spontaneous abortions, evaluated both as abortion rates and as
      pregnancy loss rates, showed scattered and statistically non-significant
      variations, inconsistent with the pollution map. No differences in birth and
      death rates compared to surrounding areas were observed. Data on ad hoc
      cytogenetic, neurological and immunological surveys are commented. Limitations of
      the presently available data are discussed and further research lines are
      anticipated.

PMID- 6449832
TI  - [Prune belly syndrome].

PMID- 6449833
TI  - Glutamate-induced neuronal degeneration: studies on the role of glutamate re
      uptake.

PMID- 6449834
TI  - Echocardiographic studies evaluating the effects of exercise training on the
      heart.

PMID- 6449835
TI  - Selectivity of immunomodulation by adriamycin.

PMID- 6449836
TI  - Control of metabolism in yeast and other lower eukaryotes through action of
      proteinases.

PMID- 6449837
TI  - [Rehabilitation of children and young people being exempted from obligatory
      sports at school by means of individual sports therapy].
AB  - Pupils being exempted from sports lessons are handicapped in their physical
      efficiency but also deranged some times in the development of their personality.
      A report is made about an individual sports therapy by means of home bicycle
      ergometers within rehabilititave facilities and measures. The aim and the
      methodical proceeding and first results are shown. A relative little personal,
      spatial and material display give a justification for taking these therapeutical
      measures in the process of rehabilitation into account.

PMID- 6449838
TI  - Experimental studies on the influence of the kallikrein-kinin system on glucose
      utilization.
AB  - Our studies, together with the findings of other authors, indicate that
      kallikreins, via kinin release, play a role in glucose metabolism. It is most
      likely that the utilization of glucose is enhanced directly within the energy
      metabolizing cell itself but not indirectly by way of an insulin release in the
      pancreatic islets, since the in vitro studies on isolated islets of Langerhans
      did not reveal any effect of bradykinin on insulin secretion or insulin release.
      Further investigations are, however, necessary to clarify to what extent and in
      what way the kallikrein-kinin system is involved in causing the increased glucose
      utilization.

PMID- 6449839
TI  - [Antibody-dependent cell-mediated immune reactions--fundamentals and clinico
      diagnostic relevance (author's transl)].
AB  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is realized by means of humoral
      antibodies and unsensitized effector cells which interact with appropriate target
      structures inducing target cell destruction. Specificity of this immunological
      effector mechanism is mediated by immunoglobulins. Autologous, allogenic or
      xenogenic effector cells serve as efficient inductors of cell lysis. The in vivo
      relevance is still unclear. The present state of our knowledge has been surveyed
      and several samples are given showing the potential clinical importance of this
      immune mechanism in control of intracellular virus infections, bacterial and
      parasitological diseases, tumor and graft rejection, and autoimmune diseases. It
      has been attempted to interpret several apparently different immune phenomena
      (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, "spontaneous" or "natural" cell
      mediated cytotoxicity, mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytotoxic
      reactions of activated macrophages) under a common aspect.

PMID- 6449840
TI  - [The role of T and B lymphocytes in allergic diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449841
TI  - Measurement of lymphocyte activation by a chromatin topooptical reaction. II.
      Application for detecting drug allergy. A clinical and experimental study.
AB  - Lymphocyte chromatin activation was measured in 18 clinical cases of suspected or
      proven drug allergy as well as in 4 other persons with neither history nor signs
      of hypersensitivity. The different drugs were tested in the reaction in such
      dilution that the final concentrations ranged between 50 and 10.000 nanomoles.
      Within this range between 100 and 1250 nanomoles a bellshaped dose response curve
      was found in all drug-allergic subjects, measuring the neutral-red chromatin
      topooptical reaction. At the peak of this curve signs of cytotoxicity could be
      demonstrated with appreciable chromatin "desactivation", an increase of protein
      like substance in the cells' supernatant and a morphological cellular damage. The
      exact drug concentration at which the lymphocyte autocytotoxicity occurred was
      inversely proportional with the extent of drug allergy in a given patient. The
      average lymphocyte chromatin birefringence measured at different non-cytotoxic
      drug concentrations was directly proportional with the extent of drug allergy.
      The ratio of the above characteristics gave a score (with the dimension of
      cm2/microM) which corresponded to the clinical picture. The score was low (55,7
      +/- 5,8 cm2/microM) in the control subjects as well as in the drug allergic ones
      tested with other, i.e. nonsensitizing drugs. The score was high, (309,8 +/- 54,4
      cm2/microM) however, when drug allergic patients' lymphocytes were challenged by
      the proper drug(s). There was neither false negativity in the positive group nor
      false positivity in the negative group of patients. Scores above 75 cm2/microM
      are considered as positive, those above 80 cm2/microM are undoubtedly positive.
      The relation of this rapid test to the lymphocyte transformation test as well as
      its advantages over the latter are discussed.

PMID- 6449842
TI  - [Studies on the number of rosette forming lymphocytes in the day-longitudinal
      testing (author's transl)].
AB  - The number of rosette forming lymphocytes with sheep and mouse red blood cells
      was examined in healthy persons. 1. On average 51 +/- 4,9% T- and 10 +/- 2,1% B
      lymphocytes were found at 7 a.m. (n = 25). 2. There was no proof of influences
      upon this percentage rate during the various time of the day.

PMID- 6449843
TI  - [Separation of lymphocytes by using visotrast 370 (author's transl)].
AB  - Enrichments of lymphocytes are mainly performed according to the flotation
      principle. By means of numerous differences with regard to the composition and
      density of the solution for separation, the relative acelleration and duration of
      the centrifugation the advantages and disadvantages of at least 7 methods were
      compared with our own modification: 1. Visotrast 370 diluted with Aqua dest. is
      equal to density gradients containing ficoll. 2. The one-step assays proved to be
      better and less time consuming than the combined methods. 3. With the density of
      the flotation medium of 1,076 g . cm-3 79 +/- 11% of the lymphocyte of the
      original blood were isolated, their purity was 93 +/- 3%, their vitality 91 +/-
      4%. 4. There was slight contamination with other blood cells.

PMID- 6449844
TI  - [Modification of leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay with 51Cr-labelled
      leucocytes (author's transl)].
AB  - Leucocyte adherence inhibition was measured by a new modified radioisotopic
      technique. Peripheral blood leucocytes were isolated and labelled with Chrom51
      (51Cr). These leucocytes were incubated with medium of buffer alone and with
      medium or buffer containing tumor antigen or gluten. The glass surface for the
      adherence was prepared carefully. At all samples the adherence of leucocytes
      occurred under the same conditions. The authors gave a report on the results of
      their leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay with gluten and stomach cancer
      antigen.

PMID- 6449845
TI  - [Determination of the chemotaxis of peritoneal macrophages from mice by means of
      different test systems (author's transl)].
AB  - The chemotactical response of mouse peritoneal macrophages was examined by means
      of three different methods: 1. A modified migration chamber technique 2. An
      agarose assay 3. A 51chromium labelling assay. Casein and the synthetical peptide
      N-formylmethionin leucine were applied as chemoattractants. The results show that
      the migration chamber technique is more sensitive and therefore more suitable to
      determine the chemotactical response of mouse peritoneal macrophages than the
      assay under agarose. An additional labeling of macrophages with 51chromium in the
      migration chamber technique is inefficient.

PMID- 6449846
TI  - [Functions of macrophages in the immune system (author's transl)].
AB  - With respect to our present knowledge about the functions of macrophages in
      relation to the immune responses the most important functions include elimination
      and processing of the antigen; antigen presentation and induction of immune
      response; immune regulation by several inhibitory and activating factors; binding
      of T cell products, which regulate B cell functions (helper and suppressor
      factors); helper cell induction; cytotoxicity, bactericide and tumoricide
      activities after stimulation by T cells. In the present time most research
      activities are directed to the interactions of T cells and macrophages. These
      interactions depend mainly from genetically determined structures of the cell
      membranes (Ia antigens).

PMID- 6449847
TI  - Utilization of educational media: introduction.

PMID- 6449848
TI  - Television captioning at the Clarke School for the Deaf.

PMID- 6449849
TI  - Closed-caption television: today and tomorrow.

PMID- 6449850
TI  - Nonverbal films: guidelines for their utilization with deaf learners.

PMID- 6449851
TI  - The National Media Materials Center for Severely Handicapped Persons: challenges
      of year III.

PMID- 6449852
TI  - Realizing the full potential of captioning educational films for the deaf through
      lesson guide utilization.

PMID- 6449853
TI  - The use of media in a diagnostic prescriptive model for educating deaf multi
      handicapped students.

PMID- 6449854
TI  - The language arts curriculum goes Hollywood.

PMID- 6449855
TI  - A description of a residential deaf shool population: four years after P.L. 95
      142.

PMID- 6449856
TI  - New Jersey's telecommunication training program for the deaf.

PMID- 6449857
TI  - Evaluation of a multilevel linguistic approach to captioning television for
      hearing-imparied children.

PMID- 6449858
TI  - Constituents of the human ventricular myocardium: connective tissue hyperplasia
      accompanying muscular hypertrophy.
AB  - Left-sided congestive heart failure may be secondary to decreased left
      ventricular myocardial compliance in some patients. To investigate the anatomic
      basis for altered wall stiffness, morphometric determinations of muscle cell
      nuclear density and percent of myocardium consisting of muscle cells were made
      for right and left ventricular free wall and septum in 127 hearts with normal
      coronary arteries. The hearts were normal (33 patients), had left ventricular
      hypertrophy (28 patients), right ventricular hypertrophy (25 patients), or
      chronic dilatation (41 patients). With cardiac enlargement, the average percent
      of myocardium consisting of muscle did not change from the approximately 75%
      value characteristic of normal hearts. In contrast, muscle cell nuclear density
      decreased proportionate to cardiac enlargement, demonstrating that muscle cell
      hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, is the basis for weight increase. Some hearts with
      marked longstanding dilatation also had perivascular and interstitital "striae"
      of connective tissue differing from replacement fibrosis. An increase in
      epicardial coronary artery caliber commensurate with increased heart weight
      suggests that ischemia is not the basis of connective tissue increase. The
      results show that cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy is accompanied by commensurate
      increase in interstitial connective tissues. This pattern of myocardial growth
      with cardiac enlargement may produce increased myocardial stiffness simply as a
      result of increased wall thickness, and may lead to left-sided congestive heart
      failure.

PMID- 6449859
TI  - LV hypertrophy versus aneurysm?

PMID- 6449860
TI  - Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease:
      clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic correlates.

PMID- 6449861
TI  - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in conditions other than IHSS.

PMID- 6449862
TI  - The association of "prune belly" with Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 6449863
TI  - PNU intoxication.

PMID- 6449864
TI  - Gastroschisis.

PMID- 6449865
TI  - Dermatoglyphic analysis of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities.
AB  - I applied Okajima's technique of exposing the dermal surface by chemical and
      mechanical treatment followed by toluidine blue stain to inspect the
      dermatoglyphic features of hands of aborted human fetuses with chromosomal
      abnormalities. The dermatoglyphic patterns of five fetuses, three with Down
      syndrome, one with 5p--, and one with 18 trisomy, were analyzed to determine
      whether the patterns were sufficiently specific to be used for diagnostic
      purposes. Apparently unique patterns were obtained. Observation of the dermal
      surface suggested that the developmental sequence of the ridges in fetuses with
      chromosomal disorders was retarded by more than 2 weeks as compared with that of
      normal fetuses of th same gestation.

PMID- 6449866
TI  - Female pseudohermaphroditism and associated anomalies.
AB  - A patient was observed with female pseudohermaphroditism (FPH) and the "Prune
      Belly Syndrome" (PBS) - abdominal muscle hypoplasia and urinary tract
      abnormalities - findings seen in three previously reported cases. A review of
      cases of FPH with additional anomalies suggests a spectrum of primary, and
      possibly derived, malformations with Prune Belly Syndrome at one extreme. These
      findings can best be understood as disturbance of a specific embryological
      developmental field of which FPH is a marker, although not an invariable
      expression. The field includes anorectal, urogenital, sacral-spinal, and ventral
      wall structures. FPH is a rare manifestation, and the cases reviewed suggest that
      it can appear as a developmental anomaly without apparent hormonal trigger.
      Malformations of this field are understandable on the basis of a multifactorial
      model, with male sex as a predisposing factor. The caudal defects of the
      cryptophthalmos syndrome offer a paradigm for a spectrum of field anomalies.

PMID- 6449867
TI  - Effects of physicians' early parental counseling on rearing of Down syndrome
      children.
AB  - A survey of the feelings of 37 couples with a school-age Down syndrome child born
      since 1970 suggested a diminished influence of physicians' early counseling on
      parental decisions, attitudes, and rearing practices respecting their affected
      child. In contrast, undefined "personal feelings," own research, and input from
      community parent groups (such as the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded
      Citizens) were major influences. Parental decisions on further reproduction after
      the birth of a Down syndrome child was based less on perception of genetic risks
      than on concern for the care needs of their affected child.

PMID- 6449868
TI  - Effects of early home environment on the mental development of Down syndrome
      infants.
AB  - Changes in the mental development, as assessed with the Griffiths Mental
      Developmental Scales, of 37 Down syndrome infants over a 6-month period were
      correlated with scores obtained on the Home Observation for Measurement of the
      Environment (HOME) Inventory. Three HOME Inventory subscales, Organization of
      Physical and Temporal Environment, Opportunities for Variety in Daily
      Stimulation, and Maternal Involvement, were significantly related to the
      Griffiths Personal-Social Scale. A stepwise discriminant analysis composed of
      three subscale scores from the HOME Inventory (Organization of Physical and
      Temporal Environment, Provision of Appropriate Play Materials, and Maternal
      Involvement) differentiated the infants into two groups according to the degree
      of decline in the total developmental quotient. The minimal decline group was
      associated with a better organization of the physical and temporal environment.
      Scores on the HOME Inventory obtained in infancy can be used to help predict the
      amount of decline in measured mental functioning in Down syndrome infants.

PMID- 6449869
TI  - Acoustic and perceptual evaluation of hypernasality of mentally retarded persons.
AB  - Acoustic and perceptual correlates of velopharyngeal competency in two groups of
      retarded (one Down syndrome, one idiopathic) and one group of nonretarded
      subjects, equally divided between males and females, was evaluated. There were 20
      young adults in each group. Acoustic measures of hypernasality were obtained
      through analysis by TONAR II. Perceptual judgments were rendered by 15 listeners.
      Results of perceptual and acoustic analyses revealed that those persons with Down
      syndrome were significantly more hypernasal than were the other two groups. Those
      with idiopathic retardation were more hypernasal than were nonretarded subjects.

PMID- 6449870
TI  - Others' perceptions of mothers of handicapped children.
AB  - Subjects (N = 80) viewed a video-taped interview with mothers and rated the
      mothers on adjective scales. One-half of the mothers had nonhandicapped children,
      and half had handicapped children; however, an individual mother was sometimes
      misrepresented to subjects as having the other type of child. When the child was
      described as handicapped, the stated cause of the handicap was varied. When the
      mother's child was misrepresented, subjects rated mothers who actually had a
      handicapped child significantly differently from and somewhat more negatively
      than mothers who actually had nonhandicapped children. When asked to imagine
      mothers with handicapped children, subjects' ratings differed according to the
      stated cause of the handicap and differed from ratings of mothers with actual
      handicapped children presented as such.

PMID- 6449871
TI  - Behavior of Down syndrome infants in a strange situation.
AB  - The responses of 18 Down syndrome infants in a modified "strange" situation were
      recorded. The results indicated that these infants were aware of the exits and
      entrances of both mother and stranger. They cried and showed non-crying distress
      significantly more when their mothers were absent and showed awareness of the
      focal point of the room by looking at the door more in appropriate experimental
      episodes. They also showed increased looking at mother and physical contact on
      reunion with her. Concluded that the behavior Down syndrome infants is
      qualitatively similar to nonretarded children and that they indicate their levels
      of social awareness in these experimental situations.

PMID- 6449872
TI  - Producing positive interaction among Down syndrome and nonhandicapped teenagers
      through cooperative goal structuring.
AB  - Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures compared
      on the dimensions of interpersonal interaction and attraction. Subjects were
      nonhandicapped and Down syndrome junior high school students who participated in
      eight weekly sessions of recreational bowling. Results indicated that
      significantly more positive interactions and evidence of greater interpersonal
      attraction took place between the nonhandicapped students and the Down syndrome
      students in the cooperative condition than in the competitive and individualistic
      conditions. .

PMID- 6449873
TI  - Verbal imitation by Down syndrome and nonretarded children.
AB  - Grammatical aspects of the spontaneous repetitions of maternal speech by Down
      syndrome and nonretarded children were in investigated. Verbal imitations were
      found to be very similar in grammatical structure for the two groups of children
      at comparable levels of language development.

PMID- 6449874
TI  - Incompetence and guardianship.

PMID- 6449875
TI  - Alkaline tear pH in ocular rosacea.
AB  - We compared the tear pH values of 44 normal, healthy volunteers, 20 patients with
      ocular disorders other than rosacea, seven patients with untreated, active ocular
      rosacea, and five patients with tetracycline-treated ocular rosacea. The group
      with untreated, active ocular rosacea had significantly more alkaline tear pH
      values than the other groups tested. In patients with tetracycline-treated ocular
      rosacea, tear pH values were not significantly different from those of normal
      subjects.

PMID- 6449876
TI  - Epitrochlearis muscle. I. Mechanical performance, energetics, and fiber
      composition.
AB  - An in vitro rat muscle preparation is described that can contract at rates of 12
      240 twitches/min. Maximum dF/dt paralleled maximum twitch tension, their ratio
      being constant at approximately 8 ms for contraction rates of 12-120
      twitches/min. Time to peak tension was 8-13 ms, time to peak dF/dt 5-8 ms, and
      half-relaxation time 4 ms. These parameters were unaffected by rate of
      contraction or duration of isometric work. Differential ATPase staining
      demonstrated that 60-65% of the fibers were fast-twitch white, 20% fast-twitch
      red, and 15% slow-twitch red. The preponderance of fast-twitch fibers correlated
      with the observed mechanical performance of the muscle. Muscles contracting for
      60 min at rates up to 48 twitches/min maintained total adenine nucleotide content
      (ATP, ADP, AMP) at near resting levels. At higher twitch rates (72-240
      twitches/min), total adenine nucleotide content decreased 40%, reflecting
      exclusively a fall in ATP in the presence of adequate phosphocreatine stores.
      Adequate oxygenation was reflected by lactate-to-pyruvate ratios in the range of
      11-15 at all rates of contraction.

PMID- 6449877
TI  - Myocardial infarction in dogs with chronic hypertension and left ventricular
      hypertrophy.
AB  - Chronic hypertension increases the risk of myocardial infarction and the
      morbidity and mortality associated with it. Although accelerated atherosclerosis
      is partially responsible, other abnormalities in the coronary circulation
      associated with hypertension, such as decreased coronary vascular capacity and
      capillary density, could also contribute. To evaluate the effects of these
      nonatherosclerotic abnormalities, we produced sudden coronary occlusion in nine
      chronically hypertensive dogs. The mean aortic pressure and left ventricular mass
      were about 50% greater in hypertensive dogs than in the nine controls. Before
      occlusion and 5 min and 49 h after occlusion, myocardial blood flow was measured
      with tracer microspheres. Also, the extent of infarction in selected myocardial
      segments was quantified histologically. We found that coronary occlusion reduced
      flows to a similar extent, and that, over a 48-h period, collateral flow
      increased to a similar extent in the two groups. In addition, the amount of
      necrosis associated with a given degree of ischemia was similar in the two
      groups. Although the extent of the left ventricle that became ischemic was
      greater in the hypertensive dogs (28 +/- 2 vs. 18 +/- 4%; P < 0.05), chronic
      hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy did not limit the recruitment of
      collateral supply or increase the amount of necrosis associated with a given
      degree of ischemia.

PMID- 6449878
TI  - Adaptation of a primary care nursing service to provide health care for women
      with disabilities.

PMID- 6449879
TI  - 'Rhizolysis'.

PMID- 6449880
TI  - A sensitive method for determination of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2'
      deoxyuridine in human plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6449881
TI  - Annulate lamellae in the germ cells of chick embryo.

PMID- 6449882
TI  - Structural localization of alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal epithelium of
      the bovine with special reference to its enzymatic activity and electrophoretical
      properties.

PMID- 6449883
TI  - [Histochemical study of mucosubstances of bovine cecal goblet cells].

PMID- 6449884
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic study of pig hair].

PMID- 6449885
TI  - [Nutritive arteries of the proximal sesamoid bones (Ossa sesamoidea proximalia)
      of horses].

PMID- 6449886
TI  - Gross anatomy of the penis development in zebus.

PMID- 6449887
TI  - [3. The lymphatic system of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) neck. A comparison of the
      lymphatic systems of newborn, young and adult rats].

PMID- 6449888
TI  - [Corrosion-anatomical study of the blood vessels of the encephalon and meninges
      of Felis domestica].

PMID- 6449889
TI  - [The World Association of Veterinary Anatomists: 1955-1980].

PMID- 6449890
TI  - Guinea pig stapedius muscle. A histochemical, light and electron microscopic
      study.

PMID- 6449891
TI  - Comparison of pituitary response to regular GnRH, analogue (D-TRP6) and placebo.
AB  - Pituitary response to synthetic regular GnRH, to a potent analogue (D-TRp6) and
      to placebo were compared in ten azoospermic males. FSH and LH were measured prior
      to and at given intervals following administration of each substance. In
      addition, plasma levels of testosterone and prolactin were measured. There was no
      significant difference in the magnitude of FSH and LH release following injection
      of their the regular or the analogue form of GnRH. However, plasma gonadotrophins
      remained elevated for significantly longer time periods following the
      administration of the analogue GnRH. In those patients in whom LH levels remained
      elevated for at least 24 hours the observation of elevated testosterone levels
      permitted the inference of adequate biological activity of endogenously produced
      LH. Patients who did not respond to the regular GnRH were also non-responsive to
      D-TRp6 GnRH. A surprising finding ws elevated prolactin levels 4-6 hours
      following GnRH administration. Placebo had no influence on gonadotrophins,
      testosterone and prolactin.

PMID- 6449892
TI  - A long-term study of the epididymal- and fertility-suppressing effects of
      cyproterone acetate in the mouse.
AB  - The influence of cyproterone acetate (CA) (0.1 mg/mouse/day) on the epididymis
      and male fertility was analyzed in a long-term study in the Swiss albino cc
      strain. CA inhibits epididymal function in all segments as measured by organ
      weights, protein content and beta-glucuronidase activity. This antiandrogen also
      suppresses male fertility. It is important to note that the low dose of CA, used
      in this study, does not affect spermatogenesis. The effects of CA on epididymis
      and fertility are reversible and the magnitude of recovery or the period (in
      days) required for a significant recovery after the discontinuation of CA were
      seemingly directly proportional to the duration of antiandrogen treatment.

PMID- 6449893
TI  - Coexisting immune complex diseases in atopy.

PMID- 6449894
TI  - Efficacy of avermectin B1a for treatment of experimentally induced nematode
      infections in cattle.
AB  - Two formulations of avermectin B1a, C-076 and MK-933, were examined for
      anthelmintic activity in two trials, each using 20 calves with experimentally
      produced nematode infections. In one trial, C-076 was given orally, and in the
      other trial, MK-933 was given by injection at dosages of 50, 100, and 200
      micrograms/kg of body weight. Treated calves were held for 7 to 8 days and then,
      together with nontreated controls, were euthanatized and were examined for
      nematodes in their gastrointestinal tracts and lungs. Efficacy of C-076
      approached 100% for Dictyocaulus viviparus, Ostertagia ostertagi,
      Trichostrongylus axei, T colubriformis, and Oesophagostomum radiatum at 50
      micrograms/kg. A dosage level of 100 micrograms/kg was required to achieve 97%
      efficacy against Cooperia punctata. Efficacy of MK-933 at 50 micrograms/kg was
      variable, but at 100 micrograms/kg, it approached 100% for D viviparus, O
      ostertagi, Haemonchus placei, T axei, and T longispicularis. Activity against C
      oncophora was less, reaching 80% efficacy at 200 micrograms/kg.

PMID- 6449895
TI  - Ultrasonography of the abdominal wall in the diagnosis of spigelian hernia.
AB  - Gray scale ultrasonography of the abdominal wall was used in the evaluation of
      patients suspected to have spigelian hernia. This diagnostic technique was found
      to be accurate in displaying defects in the spigelian fascia. Application of this
      technique to patients with mild abdominal tenderness may result in the detection
      of more cases of spigelian hernia and also prevent unnecessary exploration in
      patients in whom the sonogram is normal.

PMID- 6449896
TI  - Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus viridans in oral flora with prolonged
      erythromycin therapy.

PMID- 6449897
TI  - [Acute hepatic necrosis and hemorrhagic syndrome leading to a fatal outcome
      during treatment of hypercalcemia with mithramycin (author's transl)].
AB  - The onset of hepatic necrosis and a hemorrhagic syndrome, leading to a fatal
      outcome, was attributed to the toxicity of mithramycin prescribed for an
      iatrogenic hypercalcemia. This toxicity limits the use of mithramycin for the
      treatment of hypercalcemias.

PMID- 6449898
TI  - Identification of children at risk for middle ear effusion problems.
AB  - A listing of high risk factors for recurrent otitis media would aid in
      identifying children in need of early medical and educational intervention that
      would forestall later language dysfunction. Known percentages of risk include
      those of cleft palate children, Down's syndrome, native American Indians and
      Kartagener's syndrome. Factors whose percentage of risk should be studied are
      family history, early first bout, prematurity, malnutrition, child abuse and
      allergies. It is recommended that infants in any of the high risk groups be given
      special evaluation and when identified be considered for both medical and
      educational treatment.

PMID- 6449899
TI  - An arterial medial arm flap--vascular anatomy and clinical applications.
AB  - We describe the vascular distribution to the skin of the arm as determined by
      cadaver dye injections and anatomical dissection. The superior ulnar collateral
      cutaneous artery provides a direct cutaneous branch that supplies the proximal
      two-thirds of the medial arm. An arterialized flap from the medial arm is very
      thin, elastic, and hairless--therefore excellent for hand resurfacing and facial
      reconstruction. Five examples of the use of arm skin from 21 patients using local
      and distant flaps are shown. The indications, methods, and anatomical bases for
      flap delay are detailed. The Doppler flow meter is used to determine artery
      position.

PMID- 6449900
TI  - [Aortic stenosis : early post-operative course of left ventricular hypertrophy
      echo and vectorcardiographic study (author's transl)].

PMID- 6449901
TI  - Immune complex mediated rheumatic diseases.
AB  - Immune complex mediated damage, still incompletely understood, is a frequent and
      important pathogenetic mechanism in several major rheumatic diseases. Injury by
      circulating immune complexes seems to be related mainly to the size of the
      complexes and their ability to activate the complement system. The more
      circulating immune complexes are looked for to assess the nature of an activity
      of diseases, the more clinicians are faced with difficulties in interpretation.
      This is partly because of rapidly increasing number and types of immune complex
      assays and the conflicting data obtained. An understanding of the principles
      behind the commonly used immune complex assays allows the clinician to appreciate
      their advantages and weak points and to apply them correctly in investigating the
      clinicopathological aspects of immune complex mediated rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 6449902
TI  - Potential of mezlocillin as empiric single-agent therapy in febrile
      granulocytopenic cancer patients.
AB  - Mezlocillin was used as an initial empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile (> 101
      degrees F, ca. 38.33 degrees C) granulocytopenic (< 1,000/microliter) cancer
      patients. Patients known to be colonized with an organism resistant to 100
      micrograms of mezlocillin per mol were excluded. The initial 25 cases (23
      patients) received intravenous mezlocillin, 260 mg per kg per day in six divided
      doses; the mean 1-h-postinfusion serum level was 69 micrograms/ml. Because of the
      low serum level, the next 25 cases (22 patients) received 450 mg/kg per day, also
      in six divided doses, resulting in a mean 1-h-postinfusion serum level of 161
      micrograms/ml. Both dosage regimens provided similar efficacy. Combined results
      show that 11 of 21 microbiologically documented infections and 7 of 13 clinically
      documented infections improved. Instances of bacteremia (number of cases in
      parentheses) were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two), Staphylococcus
      epidermidis (two), Clostridia perfringens (one), and Bacillus species (one); only
      one case improved. A rise in granulocyte count to > 500/microliters, a serum
      bactericidal activity of greater than or equal to 1:8 against the infecting
      pathogen, or both were indicators of a good therapeutic response. Despite
      exclusion of patients known to be previously colonized with mezlocillin-resistant
      organisms, 7 of 23 pathogens required a minimal concentration of greater than or
      equal to 100 micrograms of mezlocillin per ml for inhibition. In addition,
      surveillance cultures from 18 cases showed resistant organisms colonizing the
      gingiva, rectum, or both. Side effects of mezlocillin were minimal and included
      pseudoproteinuria, asymptomatic transient rise in bilirubin, and easily
      reversible kypokalemia. Mezlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin with little
      toxicity, was found to be inadequate as a single-agent empiric antibiotic therapy
      for febrile, granulocytopenic cancer patients.

PMID- 6449903
TI  - Comparative in vitro appraisal of piperacillin, including its activity against
      Salmonella typhi.
AB  - Piperacillin was evaluated in vitro against 711 clinical isolates of aerobic and
      anerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including 76 isolates of
      Salmonella typhi. Piperacillin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and
      minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were compared with those of a range of
      beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and other antimicrobial agents, and inoculum size
      effects were considered. The relationship between dilution and disk diffusion
      tests was studied by regression analysis. In addition, piperacillin was assessed
      in combination with aminoglycoside and other beta-lactam drugs. This
      investigation has confirmed the activity of piperacillin against a broad range of
      bacteria, including Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria, beta-lactamase
      negative Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus as well as
      enterococci, Bacteroides fragilis, and other anaerobes. All strains of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by </=32 mug/ml or less, demonstrating
      again the potential usefulness of piperacillin in the treatment of pseudomonal
      infections. S. typhi proved susceptible to piperacillin, all isolates being
      inhibited by 1 mug/ml. Inoculum size experiments showed that inocula of 10(8) CFU
      resulted in MICs and MBCs appreciably higher than those resulting from inocula of
      10(6) CFU, and inocula of 10(2) CFU resulted in MICs and MBCs appreciably lower
      than those resulting from inocula of 10(4) CFU. Piperacillin was active against
      all gentamicin-resistant pseudomonads tested, but not against gentamicin
      resistant klebsiellas and enterobacters. Combinations of piperacillin with
      tobramycin and amikacin were consistently synergistic against Pseudomonas and
      Serratia isolates. Less consistent results were shown when piperacillin was
      combined with aminoglycosides or cephalothin against Klebsiella and indole
      positive Proteus isolates, although synergy was observed in most cases.
      Occasional antagonistic reactions were encountered with piperacillin-cephalothin
      or piperacillin-tobramycin combinations against the latter isolates.

PMID- 6449904
TI  - Neomycin inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase: evidence for a neomycin
      phospholipid interaction.
AB  - The inhibition of canine renal sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)
      by neomycin was examined. Neomycin inhibited ATPase nearly maximally at 0.02 mM.
      The inhibition was temperature dependent with a decrease in inhibition occurring
      at temperatures below 21 degrees C, a temperature which corresponded to a change
      in activation energy of the ATPase as determined by Arrhenius plot. Preincubation
      of the ATPase with phosphoinositides was found to prevent the inhibition by
      neomycin. Other phospholipids were not found to prevent the inhibition. These
      results indicate a possible interaction between neomycin and the
      phosphoinositides of the ATPase complex.

PMID- 6449905
TI  - Tentative interpretive standards for disk susceptibility tests with moxalactam
      (LY127935).
AB  - Moxalactam (LY127935; 6059-S) is a new beta-lactam antibiotic. We propose
      tentative zone standards for agar diffusion susceptibility tests with 30
      microgram disks. The final selection of minimal inhibitory concentration
      breakpoints for definition of resistant and susceptible categories must await
      clinical experience with this drug. Some of the clinical questions to be answered
      are defined. A moderately susceptible (intermediate) category is proposed for
      those strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 16 or 32 microgram/ml
      (zones 15 to 22 mm in diameter). Strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations
      of greater than or equal to 64 microgram/ml are considered resistant, and those
      with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 8 microgram/ml
      are considered susceptible. Tests with 30-microgram disks did not satisfactorily
      separate strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 8 microgram/ml from
      strains requiring < 2 microgram/ml for inhibition, because the regression line
      became parabolic at concentrations of 2 microgram/ml and below. However, the disk
      tests were satisfactory for categorizing isolates into the above-described
      susceptible, moderately susceptible (intermediate), and resistant categories.

PMID- 6449906
TI  - Effect of heterotopic innervation on the development of synaptic pattern in chick
      embryo muscles.
AB  - Heterotopic transplantations of fragments of neural tube have been performed in
      the chick embryo on stage 22 somites. Brachial motor centres were replaced by a
      posterior segment of spinal cord. As a result, synpatic patterns of Posterior
      Latissimus Dorsi (PLD) and Anterior Latissimus Dorsi (ALD) were modified : PLD
      exhibited numerous muscle fibers with a distributed innervation and ALD fibers
      had a large variability of intersynaptic lengths. Histochemical properties of
      myofibrillar ATPase activity in ALD and PLD muscles were close to those in
      controls, in spite of change in the innervation supply.

PMID- 6449907
TI  - The citrate-stimulated starch synthase of starchy maize kernels: purification and
      properties.

PMID- 6449908
TI  - In vitro demonstration of alternate stationary states in an open enzyme system
      containing phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 6449909
TI  - A general characteristic of tumor mitochondria: leakage of endogenous Mg2+ on
      incubation with uncoupler and resultant reduction of uncoupler-stimulated ATPase
      activity.

PMID- 6449910
TI  - Transient immune deposits in the papillary dermis and in the epidermis. A light
      microscopical study on the experimental Arthus reaction.
AB  - To have as further insight into the localizations of immune deposits in the skin
      the reversed passive and the passive Arthus reactions were carried out in the
      foot-pads skin of guinea-pigs using horseradish peroxidase as antigen. The
      transient localizations of immune deposits in the papillary dermis and in the
      epidermal cell layer were observed in the skin of the reversed passive Arthus
      reaction, but not in the skin of the passive Arthus reaction. Following the
      immune deposits in the papillae including the capillary walls and the
      dermoepidermal junction, the papillary dermis became widened, swollen, and
      edematous, being infiltrated by PMN's. In the epidermal layer, the immune
      deposits were found as fine granular aggregates adhering to the epidermal cells
      or to the dendritic cells. Although the immune deposits disappeared promptly from
      the papillae and the inflammatory reactions were slightly and transient, the
      epidermal cell layer became thickened, and several mitotic figures of the
      epidermal cells were observed.

PMID- 6449911
TI  - Glutathione in human epidermal tumors. Basal and squamous cell epithelioma,
      verruca seborrhoeica.
AB  - Methods for the determination of glutathione in small epidermal and tumor
      fragments are compared. The best results were obtained by an enzymatic cycling
      technique. The total glutathione concentrations in basal cell epithelioma,
      squamous cell epithelioma, and verruca seborrhoeica were 2.08, 1.81, and 1.87
      mg/g dry weight, respectively. In normal epidermis adjacent to the basal cell
      epitheliomas the concentration was 1.27 mg/g dry weight.

PMID- 6449912
TI  - Longitudinal assay of lymphocyte responsiveness in patients with major burns.
AB  - Serial blast transformation in vitro was measured in peripheral lymphocytes from
      38 patients with major thermal injury. Lymphocytes were tested with the antigens
      streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD), mumps and purified protein derivative (PPD),
      the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and in the one
      way mixed lymphocyte reaction. Statistically significant suppression by the burn
      injury was noticed in all measurements except response to PHA. One-time
      measurements were not significantly different between the patients who survived
      and the patients who did not survive their burn injuries. However, serial
      determinations of responsiveness to the three natural antigens SKSD, mumps and
      PPD, as well as the mixed lymphocyte reaction accurately reflected prognosis.

PMID- 6449913
TI  - Gastroschisis and omphalocele. An eight-year review.
AB  - Until recently confusion has existed concerning the clinical features and
      surgical treatment of gastroschisis and omphalocele. Since 1971 75 infants with
      these abdominal wall defects have been treated at our institution. Significant
      differences (p equal to 0.001 in all instances) were noted between the two
      diseases. Gastroschisis occurred twice as often as omphalocele and is increasing
      in frequency. Prematurity was commonly seen with gastroschisis (65%). While the
      overall incidence of malformations associated with gastroschisis was low (23%),
      the vast majority of the additional malformations were jejunoileal or colonic
      atresias. The mortality rate was 12.7% among gastroschisis patients, with only
      one death attributable to prematurity. All other deaths were preventable,
      indicating that even lower mortality rates are feasible. Omphalocele was
      associated with a 23% incidence of premature birth but associated anomalies were
      present in 66% of the patients. Major cardiac (52%) and chromosomal defects (40%)
      predominated. In addition, 17% of omphalocele patients had either Cantrell's
      pentalogy or cloacal/bladder exstrophy. The mortality rate in omphalocele (34%)
      was nearly three times that of gastroschisis. Nine of ten patients who died from
      omphalocele died either from major cardiac or chromosomal disease. However, in
      patients without cardiac or chromosomal defects the survival rate was 94%.

PMID- 6449914
TI  - On the mechanism of action of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, a morphine-like
      analgesic.
AB  - 2-Amino-4-methylpyridine (2-AMP), when implanted into the ventral lateral
      thalamus of rats, does not cause stereotyped behavior. On the other hand, when
      compulsive biting and gnawing was evoked by thalamic implants of morphine (via
      stimulation of type 1 opiate receptors, which activate a dopaminergic mechanism)
      or of apomorphine, systemic application of 2-AMP suppressed this response. The
      anti-gnawing effect of 2-AMP was abolished by naloxone, indicating that the
      inhibitory action of 2-AMP involves activation of another, viz. type 2 receptor.
      The antagonistic influence of 2-AMP could also be suppressed by pretreatment of
      the rats with p-chlorophenylalanine. It is concluded that 2-AMP has only a weak
      effect on type 1 opiate receptors, linked to a dopaminergic mechanism, but it
      possesses high affinity to type 2 opiate receptors, which are connected with
      serotonergic pathways.

PMID- 6449915
TI  - [Long term hemodynamic results following complete cure of Fallot's tetralogy].
AB  - Cardiac catheterisation was carried out on an unselected series of 148 patients
      who had undergone complete correction of Fallot's tetralogy after an average
      postoperative period of si and a half years (range 2 to 20 years). 4% residual
      significant interventricular shunts (Qp/Qs > 1.3), 11% residual stenosis on the
      infundibulo-pulmonary tract (gradient greater than or equal to 10 mmHg) and 60%
      pulmonary incompetence was found. These findings do not reflect the excellent
      clinical results. All patients had normal lives: 89% remain asymptomatic since
      their operation and symptoms in the other patients are limited to moderate
      dyspnoea on effort or to arrhythmias which are usually periodic. A synthesis of
      the clinical and haemodynamic data shows that only a quarter of patients may be
      considered to be cured, that although the surgical results in 2/3 patients are
      not perfect, they are satisfactory, and that the results of complete correction
      in the remaining 12% are poor. The results do not appear to be related to the age
      at which correction was performed or to previous palliative surgery. On the other
      hand, the long-term haemodynamic results were related to the surgical method of
      infundibulo-pulmonary repair. Systolic right ventricular pressures of over 60
      mmHg recorded at the end of operation in 33 patients, had returned to normal in
      76% cases. These results suggest that the indications for prosthetic remodeling
      of the infundibulo-pulmonary tract should be increased, although this does not
      always prevent residual stenosis.

PMID- 6449916
TI  - [Gastroschisis and omphalocele in the same family (author's transl)].
AB  - Occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele in the same sibship reported for the
      first time. After a first case of gastroschisis, it is advisable to measure the
      alpha-fetoprotein level in the maternal serum and to perform diagnostic
      ultrasonography in the next pregnancy in order to make a prenatal diagnosis. The
      authors suggest the existence of a similar anomaly of the umbilical ring.

PMID- 6449917
TI  - In vitro inhibition of Herpesvirus sylvilagus by phosphonoacetic acid and
      phosphonoformate.
AB  - Phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformate were examined as inhibitors of
      Herpesvirus sylvilagus replication in cultured cells. Both drugs produced
      significant inhibition at a minimum concentration of 25 micrograms per
      milliliter.

PMID- 6449918
TI  - [Experimental-morphological reasons for using dura mater for plastic surgery of
      defects of the anterior abdominal wall].
AB  - A possibility to use preserved dura mater (in 2% formalin) for substituting
      various abdominal wall layers under both sterile and infectious conditions has
      been studied experimentally in 126 dogs. Morphological investigation has been
      performed at various postoperative time (1 day--2 years). It has been stated that
      the dura mater implantation produces minimal aseptic inflammatory reaction in the
      abdominal wall tissues. The transplant is gradually disorganized and resolved and
      simultaneously substituted with the connective tissue. There are no commissurae
      between the transplant and the abdominal organs. The dura mater is resistive to
      infections. Application of the dura mater for surgery of hernia of the abdominal
      wall is substantiated.

PMID- 6449919
TI  - [Interstitial substance of a chondrosarcoma (a histochemical study].
AB  - The content of acid mucopolysaccharides of the interstitial matrix of various
      structural variants of chondrosarcoma was studied in the operation material of 28
      chondrosarcomas. The chondrosarcoma tissue contained a large amount of sulphated
      mucopolysacharides and a low amount of hialuronic acid. The quantity and quality
      of mucopolysaccharides directly depended on the degree of maturity of the tumour
      tissue which was reflected morphologically in the scarcity of intercellular
      substance in the tissue.

PMID- 6449920
TI  - Ultrastructure of glucans produced by cell-bound glucosyltransferase of the oral
      bacterium Streptococcus mutans AHT.

PMID- 6449921
TI  - Fluorophotometry. III. Streptozocin-treated rats and rats with pancreatectomy.
AB  - To determine whether elevated vitreous fluorescence levels are a result of a
      direct ocular toxic effect of streptozocin or a consequence of the diabetic
      state, we compared hyperglycemic streptozocin- and insulin-treated or non-insulin
      treated rats, hyperglycemia rats with pancreatectomy, and normal rats.
      Streptozocin, 65 mg/kg, was injected intravenously in one group of hooded rats,
      and pancreatectomy was performed on another group of hooded rats. Eight to 16
      days later, fluorescein sodium, 16.6 mg/kg, was injected in the femoral vein of
      21 hyperglycemic rats and 18 normal animals. One hour later, the aqueous,
      vitreous, and plasma fluorescence levels were measured using fluorophotometry. We
      did not find a significant difference between vitreous fluorescence levels of the
      hyperglycemic streptozocin- and insulin-treated or non-insulin-treated and normal
      rats. Moreover, we did not find a significant difference between the vitreous
      fluorescence of hyperglycemic rats with pancreatectomy and normal rats.

PMID- 6449922
TI  - Handicapped children: behavioural and co-ordination characteristics affecting the
      delivery of dental care.
AB  - Statistical analysis of data from a field survey of 132 handicapped children
      confirmed that a questionnaire approach is reliable in identifying children with
      potential behavioural and co-ordination problems within a dental environment.
      Assessment of the behaviour and co-ordination of 2,082 handicapped children aged
      3-16 years, inclusive, suggested that approximately 53 per cent were manageable
      in a normal dental surgery and 79 per cent had the necessary co-ordination for
      routine dental care.

PMID- 6449923
TI  - Rectus sheath haematoma causing muscle necrosis.
AB  - Rectus sheath haematomas are unusual, and it is very rare to find associated
      rectus muscle necrosis. The aetiological factors are discussed. Non-surgical
      treatment is preferred, but if surgery is indicated, evacuation of the haematoma
      with ligation of the feeding vessels is an effective method of treatment.

PMID- 6449924
TI  - Observations on Alcaligenes faecalis infection in turkeys.
AB  - Experiments were initiated to study the pathogenicity of 5 Alcaligenes faecalis
      isolates in specific-pathogen-free poults. The isolates were recovered from
      commercial flocks suffering from a respiratory disease. There were no differences
      between cultural or biochemical characteristics of the isolates, but differences
      in antibiotic sensitivity were detected. All 5 isolates were capable of
      initiating a respiratory disease in poults similar to that seen in the early
      stages of turkey coryza. The infection, clinical signs, and lesions were limited
      to the upper part of the respiratory tract, but there were substantial
      differences in the severity of disease initiated by different isolates. There
      were also differences in the persistence of infection in the host. Secondary
      infections in the tracheas and sinuses were higher in poults infected with A.
      faecalis. The disease observed in the experimentally infected birds was milder
      than in 4 naturally infected flocks that also had complicating Escherichia coli
      infections. There was no evidence of infection with infectious bursal disease
      virus in 4 naturally occurring outbreaks in Ohio. It is proposed that the term
      turkey coryza be used to describe the disease initiated by A. faecalis.

PMID- 6449925
TI  - Effects of vanadate on myocardial function.

PMID- 6449926
TI  - Vanadate inhibition of the Ca++-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum from pig heart.
AB  - Ca++-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum from pig heart can be inhibited by vanadate
      with half maximal inhibition at about 10(-5)M NH4VO3. At the same time vanadate
      lowers the [Mg++] for maximal activity of the Ca++-ATPase to half, from 8 X 10(
      3)M to 4 X 10(-3)M Mg++. At low vanadate concentrations around 5 X 10(-8)M the
      Ca++-ATPase was activated.

PMID- 6449927
TI  - [Anthelminthic treatment trials with cattle using fenbendazole-containing feed
      blocks].

PMID- 6449928
TI  - Control of the flux in the arginine pathway of Neurospora crassa. The flux from
      citrulline to arginine.
AB  - The arginine pathway is a complex one, having many branch points and effector
      interactions. In order to assess the quantitative role of the various mechanisms
      that influence the flux in the pathway, the system was divided experimentally
      into two moieties by the introduction of a genetic block abolishing ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase activity. This normally produces citrulline from ornithine
      within the mitochondria. The endogenous citrulline supply was replaced by
      citrulline in the growth medium, and control of the influx rate was achieved by
      using glycine or histidine as uptake inhibitors. By modulating the influx rate
      over a large range of values, the importance of such factors as reversibility,
      saturation, inhibition and induction in affecting the flux and the sizes of
      intermediate pools between citrulline and arginine was assessed. The role of
      expansion fluxes as important controls in the exponentially growing system was
      established.

PMID- 6449929
TI  - Synthesis of a stimulator of phosphofructokinase, most likely fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate, from phosphoric acid and fructose 6-phosphoric acid.

PMID- 6449930
TI  - Regulation and function of glutamate synthase in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 6449931
TI  - Comparative effects of various serotonin releasing agents in mice.

PMID- 6449932
TI  - [Production and control of antivenin sera in Costa Rica].

PMID- 6449933
TI  - [Monitoring of fetal growth in rural areas: an alternative for use by non
      professional personnel].

PMID- 6449934
TI  - [Community participation at a community health center].

PMID- 6449935
TI  - [The importance of clinical, psychological and social effects experienced by
      patients with American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease)].

PMID- 6449936
TI  - [Diseases transmitted by insects in French Guaiana].

PMID- 6449937
TI  - [Care of confined mental patients. Analysis of a training experience for
      attendants at a psychiatric hospital].

PMID- 6449938
TI  - [Problems of the modern university hospital: organizational factors in the crisis
      of clinical hospitals].

PMID- 6449939
TI  - [The forgotten people: the health of migrants].

PMID- 6449940
TI  - [Community participation in school health programs: a methodological trial].

PMID- 6449941
TI  - [The spreading of influenza virus and its repercussion on the levels of
      antibodies in man].

PMID- 6449942
TI  - [A computerized drug surveillance system: its application in health care,
      information and teaching].

PMID- 6449943
TI  - [Determination of the 3 principal immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) in the
      serum of the population of the National Autonomous University of Mexico].

PMID- 6449944
TI  - [Hemorrhagic and myonecrotic effects of snake bites in the American continent].

PMID- 6449945
TI  - [Life expectancy trends in Costa Rica].

PMID- 6449946
TI  - [Parasitologic and immunologic diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis].

PMID- 6449947
TI  - [Technical evaluation of the search for tuberculosis cases by bacilloscopy in the
      general health services of Santa Fe province, Argentina].

PMID- 6449948
TI  - [Maternal and child health: a proposal for preventive care during pregnancy,
      labor and puerperium].

PMID- 6449949
TI  - [Fertility rate and differentials in a rural zone].

PMID- 6449950
TI  - [Distribution of hepatitis virus (HBV) markers in blood donors of 13 countries of
      the Western hemisphere: proceedings of the Red Cross Latin American Workshop on
      Hepatitis B].

PMID- 6449951
TI  - [Health and the environment].

PMID- 6449952
TI  - [Evaluation of a follow-up program of arterial hypertension control].

PMID- 6449953
TI  - [Psychiatry of the underdeveloped or underdeveloped psychiatry?].

PMID- 6449954
TI  - [Health education].

PMID- 6449955
TI  - Effect of some lipophilic substances on mitochondrial ATPase.
AB  - This work reports a study about the influence of some lipophilic substances like
      cholesterol, calciferol and tocopherol on the ATP-hydrolase activity in
      mitochondria. It is found that the steroids cholesterol and calciferol inhibit
      ATPase activity and behave like uncompetitive factors towards the enzymatic
      kinetics. Tocopherol, instead, affects significantly only the DCCD sensitivity of
      ATPase. Such effects are very probably due to the action of the physico-chemical
      state of th mitochondrial membrane produced by these lipophilic compounds.

PMID- 6449956
TI  - Comparative extraction of erythrocyte EDTA-membrane proteins by some ionic and
      non-ionic detergents.
AB  - In order to examine whether it would be possible to obtain, by a simple
      extraction procedure from EDTA-erythrocyte-membranes, a partially purified
      preparation of the "band 3 zone" proteins, we have tested four solubilizing
      agents of common use. Detergents, both ionic (DOC and SDS) and non ionic (Tween
      80 and Triton X-100), were not able, in our experimental conditions, to
      completely solubilize erythrocyte fragmented membranes which had previously been
      washed in EDTA-buffers. However, they were able to solubilize some of the
      membrane proteins, which could then be separated by SDS-PGE. The PGE
      densitometric profiles reported in this communication indicate that the protein
      mixture extracted by the ionic detergents DOC and SDS qualitatively reflects the
      protein composition of the membranes. Among the non ionic detergents, on the
      other hand, Triton X-100 appeared to be able to extract mainly one band (most
      probably the band 3 zone), while Tween 80 did not apparently extract any of the
      membrane proteins. Detergent concentrations, medium composition and experimental
      procedures are described in detail.

PMID- 6449957
TI  - [Analysis of active principles in pharmaceutical dosage forms by high pressure
      liquid chromatography - cimetidine and zolimidine].
AB  - A reversal phase partition chromatographic system analysis cimetidine and
      zolimidine in pharmaceutical dosage forms is proposed. The rapidity and
      sensitivity of the method could find an useful application in problems of
      clinical interest.

PMID- 6449958
TI  - Kinetic studies of urokinase-catalysed hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-prolylglycyl-L
      arginine 4-nitroanilide.
AB  - The enzymic properties of urokinase (EC 3.4.21.31) were studied. The kinetic
      parameters of hydrolysis of 5-oxo-Pro-Gly-Arg-NA were determined in the pH range
      5-9, at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The reaction is affected by only one
      ionizing group of urokinase with pK 7.15 (25 degrees C) and pK 6.82 (37 degrees
      C). The results indicate that 5-oxo-Pro-Gly-Arg-NA is a good model substrate for
      studies of the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. The Km values of the
      urokinase-catalysed hydrolysis of plasminogen and 5-oxo-Pro-Gly-Arg-NA are of the
      same order of magnitude. Plasmin catalyses the hydrolysis of 5-oxo-Pro-Gly-Arg
      NA, but the Km value is several hundred times that of urokinase. Urokinase is
      shown not to react with good plasmin substrates, such as Bz-Arg-OEt and D-Val-Leu
      Lys-NA, but is linearly competitively inhibited by 6-amino-hexanoic acid and
      trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.

PMID- 6449959
TI  - Purification and characterization of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase from
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (L-histidine:tRNAHis ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.21)
      has been purified 921-fold from crude extracts of lyophilized mycelia of
      Neurospora crassa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9 of the
      purified enzyme yields one band with an apparent Mr of 62 500. The estimated Mr
      by Sephadex gel filtration is 125 000. Thus the native histidyl-tRNA synthetase
      of N. crassa is a dimer, composed of two identical subunits. The Km values
      determined in the enzyme-catalyzed esterification of [14C]-histidine to tRNAHis
      are: for histidine, 5.8 x 10(-6 M, for ATP, 5.9 x 10(-4) M, and for tRNAHis, 1.2
      x 10(-7) M. Effects of various intermediates of the histidine, tryptophan and
      arginine biosynthetic pathways on histidyl-tRNA synthetase activity were studied.
      The Ki values for imidazoleglycerol phosphate and histidinol (histidine
      intermediates and competitive inhibitors of the enzyme) are 1.1 x 10(-2) M, 1.3 x
      10(-6) M, respectively. The Ki for indoleglycerol phosphate (a tryptophan
      intermediate and non-competitive inhibitor) is 1.2 x 10(-3) M.

PMID- 6449960
TI  - In vivo and in vitro effects of proteases upon adenylate cyclase activity of
      liver cells and plasma membranes.

PMID- 6449961
TI  - Induction of prophage lambda does not require full induction of RecA protein
      synthesis.
AB  - In mitomycin C-treated lambda lysogens, even though the rate of synthesis of RecA
      protein was greatly reduced by a low concentration of rifampicin (4
      microgram/ml), induction of prophage lambda occurred readily as assessed by (i)
      cell lysis of the lysogens, (ii) production of progeny phage, and (iii) extensive
      cleavage of lambda repressor. The extent and the rate of cleavage of lambda
      repressor were not significantly affected by the low rate of synthesis of RecA
      protein resulting from rifampicin action. However, the yield of phage progeny was
      reduced and lysis of the cells was slightly delayed. We conclude that in RecA+
      bacteria, induction of prophage lambda does not require full induction of RecA
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 6449962
TI  - [N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase activities in outer mitochondrial membranes].

PMID- 6449963
TI  - Role of magnesium on kinetic parameters of soluble F1-ATPase from pig heart
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6449964
TI  - Effect of epsilon amino caproic acid, a fibrinolytic inhibitor, on implantation
      and fetal viability in the rat.

PMID- 6449965
TI  - Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on the rise in serum prolactin associated with
      nesting in broody turkeys.

PMID- 6449966
TI  - Endogenous factors possessing lymphoid chalone properties, purified by
      chromatography.
AB  - Lymphoid chalone extracts, obtained from bovine spleen were purified on
      chromatographic columns: in the first step of the procedure, exclusion
      chromatography on Sephadex G75, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex
      were applied. A purified, active material was thus obtained. Upon thin layer
      chromatography, this fraction was shown to contain 3-4 UV absorbing components
      and 2 ninhydrin positive components. Further purification on Biogel P2, on
      Sephadex G10 and preparative thin layer chromatography, showed that the
      biological activity was located in small molecular weight components which belong
      to the polypeptide series. The ultraviolet absorbing components were identified
      as known nucleosides. The purified material shows an inhibitory effect on the
      uptake of 3H-thymidine by lymphocytes, as well as on mitogen induced lymphocyte
      transformation and haemolysin plaque forming cells. Furthermore, this inhibitory
      effect is specific for lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6449967
TI  - The role of the dentist on cleft palate teams.
AB  - A dentist may be called on by cleft palate teams for expertise in the area of
      dentistry or for other expertise that he or she has accumulated over the years.
      There can be no disagreement with the statement that cleft palate teams need
      dentists, especially those who are imaginative and industrious. The CCPC has been
      fortunate in this regard.

PMID- 6449968
TI  - Dental programs for the handicapped: current trends.
AB  - In summary, dental care for the handicapped population will continue to improve
      and become more available as more individuals from all levels of society become
      more actively involved. Dental schools will need to change both undergraduate and
      postgraduate curricula to include thorough coverage of those topics which provide
      better understanding of the etiology, management, prevention, and social issues
      involved in the acceptance of handicapped patients in private professional
      offices. The role of the dentist on interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary teams
      will continue to expand as the dentist accepts the challenge of quality care for
      the handicapped community.

PMID- 6449969
TI  - Participation of the dentist in the Genetic Services Act.

PMID- 6449970
TI  - The role of genetics in the practice of dentistry.

PMID- 6449971
TI  - The numerical versus intuitive approach to syndrome nosology.

PMID- 6449972
TI  - [Role of ATP in specific binding of 125I-insulin to cytoplasmic receptors of the
      liver and muscle membranes of controls and diabetic rats].
AB  - A study was made of the action of various concentrations of ATP on insulin
      ability to bind to the receptors of the liver and muscle membranes in control and
      streptozocin-induced diabetes animals. Specific binding of 125I-insulin to the
      receptors of the liver and muscle membranes was shown to rise in animals with
      streptozocin-induced diabetes as compared to control. This effect was most
      pronounced in the muscle membranes. Preincubation of the membranes with ATP did
      not affect insulin binding to the liver and muscle receptors of control animals.
      However, hormone binding to the liver receptors of diabetic rats was drastically
      suppressed by ATP (10(-3) M). Less ATP concentrations (10(12) M) produced an
      additional inhibitory action which was not marked. ATP led to decreased insulin
      binding to the muscle receptors of diabetic rats only at extremely low
      concentrations (10(-12) M). The data obtained may be of importance for regulation
      of membrane phosphorylation in the states characteristic of insulin resistance.

PMID- 6449973
TI  - Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on erythrocyte adenosine triphosphatase
      activity in depressive illness.
AB  - Erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities were examined in twelve
      unipolar depressed patients receiving ECT. Eleven patients undergoing diagnostic
      cystoscopy served as controls for the acute effects of anaesthesia, and sixteen
      healthy subjects served as non-depressed controls. The unipolar depressed
      patients had a slight reduction in their (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity but effective
      ECT treatment was not associated with any increase in this activity. This
      approach is unlikely to cast further light on the membrane phenomenology of
      depressive illness.

PMID- 6449974
TI  - A comparative trial of three oral cholecystographic contrast media--iocetamic
      acid, iopanoic acid and sodium ipodate.

PMID- 6449975
TI  - Limited superior vena cava stenosis after peritoneovenous shunt: Dacron graft
      cavo-auricular anastomosis.

PMID- 6449976
TI  - Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases.
AB  - Benign intracranial hypertension occurred in four young women taking tetracycline
      for acne; two were also taking vitamin A. In a fifth case a 14-year-old boy
      developed papilloedema after taking a short course of tetracycline for
      bronchitis. All symptoms disappeared soon after stopping the drugs, though in two
      cases the papilloedema persisted for many months. Benign intracranial
      hypertension should be sought in any young woman complaining of headache during
      treatment with tetracycline. Moreover, young women given vitamin A and
      tetracycline in combination for acne may be at special risk and should be kept
      under surveillance.

PMID- 6449977
TI  - Rectal gonorrhoea in male homosexuals. Presentation and therapy.
AB  - In a review of rectal gonorrhoea 73 episodes were studied in 65 homosexual men.
      The presenting signs and symptoms were carefully noted. Treatment with a single
      injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride 2 g resulted in a cure rate of 94.5%.
      The relatively high treatment failure rate associated with rectal gonorrhoea may
      possibly be due to microbial mechanisms.

PMID- 6449978
TI  - [Postnatal changes in the content of neurohypophyseal enzymes in the Brattleboro
      rat].
AB  - The development of the neurohypophysial content of vasopressin and oxytocin in
      the Brattleboro rats is investigated. During the early development stages, no
      alteration of the oxytocin content could be observed owing to the reduced
      synthesis of vasopressin in the heterozygous rats (Di/+) or to the lack of this
      hormone in the homozygous rats (Di/Di).

PMID- 6449979
TI  - [HLA-DRw typing in 40 patients with psoriasis].
AB  - 40 unrelated patients with psoriasis vulgaris were studied for their HLA-A, B and
      DRw antigens phenotypes. All underwent a skin biopsy to confirm diagnosis. Like
      most of the authors, we observed an increase in B 13 and B 17 antigens (17,50 %
      and 25 %) whereas in the healthy populations the percentage was (5 % and 6,02 %)
      respectively. The strongest increase in DRw7 suggest that the psoriasis vulgaris
      was associated with DRw7 antigens, with a linkage desequilibrium between the B 13
      and DRw7 antigens and between the B 17 and DRw7 antigens.

PMID- 6449980
TI  - [Instability of serum 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of placental origin].
AB  - The stabilization by glycerol of the serum estradiol 17 beta dehydrogenase has
      been investigated here in terms of time and temperature. The protected enzyme is
      stable for a month at least at --20 degrees C. Its activity reaches a maximum at
      60 degrees C. In another connection, effect of reduced glutathione, of N. acetyl
      cysteine and of various mineral ions on the enzymic conversion has been studied.

PMID- 6449981
TI  - [Comparative activity of erythrocyte 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in man
      and the rat: effect of plasma].
AB  - Human erythrocytes, which contain an active 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase,
      transform dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 4-androstenedione and estrone, more
      rapidly in buffered medium than when kept into plasma. The rat has a peculiar
      behaviour: the conversion of substrates is very high above the man's one, whether
      in buffered medium or in blood: the plasma influence is negligible. Plasma
      permutation reveals that the rat's one, which does not slow down the erythrocyte
      activity of the rat, slakens the man's one; the human plasma which slows up the
      human erythrocyte, has only a light action on the rat's one.

PMID- 6449982
TI  - [Effect of ascorbic acid during acute iterative anoxia, hypothesis of an anti
      oxidizing mechanism of action in comparison with the effect of hydroquinone].
AB  - Some of the problems which appear during senescence, are said to be caused by
      cerebral oxygen deficiency and various experiments have been set up to try to
      imitate this particular aspect of the ageing process. We have already studied the
      action of many drugs with regard to acute repeated anoxia. Our work has given us
      clear evidence of the activity of ascorbic acid, which delays the moment of
      electroencephalographic silence in rats and decreases the latent period up to the
      reappearance of electrical activity. In order to pinpoint the mechanism of
      action, we compared the influence of lysine aceto-salicylate with that of
      hydroquinone. Very small doses of the latter drug produce a marked effect and
      lead us to put forward the hypothesis that it may be anti-oxydising. However,
      although all the drugs which proved effective in these experiments may be grouped
      together (despite their varying pharmacological profiles) and described as
      "anabiotic" drugs, it is not possible to revert to a single mechanism of action
      for the group as a whole.

PMID- 6449983
TI  - [Effect of difluorodichloromethane (FC 12) on the cardiac cellular electric
      activity of mammals].
AB  - The cardiotoxicity of high concentrations of inhaled difluorodichloromethane (FC
      12) has now been acknowledged. In the present study, the effects of FC 12 on the
      electrical activity of cells in the atrial and ventricular myocardium of
      anesthetized rats were recorded with "flexibly mounted" intracellular
      microelectrodes. The major phenomena observed in both types of cells were: a
      distinct decrease in the diastolic potential, a decrease inthe amplitude of the
      action potential, modifications in the shape of the action potential. Analysis of
      the simultaneously obtained electrocardiogram specifies the rhythm abnormalities
      which consist of an important decrease in the atrio-ventricular conduction and
      changes in the myocardial excitability. The cardiotoxicity of FC 12 is assumed to
      affect passive or active transmembrane ionic movements. Possible mechanisms are
      suggested here.

PMID- 6449984
TI  - [Dynamics of the elevation of hepatic polyamines after partial hepatectomy in the
      rat].
AB  - Following McCormick's method we have studied the rates of spermine, spermidine
      and putrescine in regeneration Wistar-rat liver until 4 days posthepatectomy. The
      putrescine rate exhibits marked increase during the first 6 hours, then slowly
      drops and returns about to its original value within 90 hours. The concentrations
      in spermidine and spermine both increase until 10 h; whereas the first
      concentration keeps on rising, the second one declines to control level within 24
      h, but rises again after 72 h. This evolution can be easily explained on the
      basis of previous studies and may be interpreted in relation to cell divisions
      which mark early liver regeneration.

PMID- 6449985
TI  - [Characteristics of palmitic acid transport in muscle membranes: rat skeletal
      muscles].
AB  - 1-14C Palmitate uptake by isolated rat plantaris muscle was determined over a 5
      min. period following preincubation at 37 degrees C in the presence either of
      increasing concentrations of palmitate or of other fatty acids, carbohydrates and
      2-4 DNP or under anaerobic conditions. Palmitate uptake shows a saturation
      kinetics and is reduced when the incubation medium contains other fatty acids,
      carbohydrates, 2-4 DNP on under anaerobic conditions. It is suggested that
      palmitate uptake could depend on presence of glucose and metabolic energy.

PMID- 6449986
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory effect of aluminum or aurin tricarboxylic acid].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory effect of aurin tricarboxylic acid is studied in rats after
      parenteral injection of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Aurin tricarboxylic acid reduces: the
      carrageenan-induced oedemas in paws, the carragenan-induced pleural effusion, the
      carragen-induced granulation tissue growth and the Freund adjuvant-induced
      arthritis. As non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, the aurin tricarboxylic acid
      inhibits (ED50 = 0.34.10-2 M) the human erythrocyte delta aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase, a zinc dependent enzyme. A possible interaction between zinc-enzymes
      and non steroidal antiinflammatory compounds is suggested.

PMID- 6449987
TI  - [New approach to the study of the experimental inhibitory effect of the
      unicellular alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa against the murine sarcomas BP8 and
      L1210].
AB  - In this paper, the authors are relating the inhibitory effect of the unicellular
      alga Chlorella (Beijerinck, 1890) pyrenoidosa Zeitler and Lund, against the
      tumoural rodent strains BP8 and L1210, according to the amount of inoculum. The
      statistical study of the results allows to the conclusive fact of a real
      protective effect showed by this microorganism and of a demonstrative relation
      between the amount of the protective material and the tumoural answers the high
      amount giving a better inhibitory effect. The workers also insist on the lack of
      pathogenicity presented by the alga used in this study.

PMID- 6449988
TI  - [Isolation and physico-chemical properties of rat ceruloplasmin].
AB  - Ceruloplasmin was isolated from inflammatory rat serum after two
      chromatographies, employing column chromatography with D.E.A.E. cellulose and
      Sephadex G 200, and after electrophoresis. The determination of phys'co chemical
      constants allows to compare the human ceruloplasmin.

PMID- 6449989
TI  - [Radiographic technic for the whole-body arterial system in laboratory animals].
AB  - Techniques of whole body roentgeno-angiography in the mouse, rat, hamster, guinea
      pig and rabbit were described. The procedure for forwarding the contrast media to
      arterioles was ameliorated. In order to visualize the arteries of limbs and tail
      as distinctly as those of the trunk, extremities were shielded with aluminous
      plates.

PMID- 6449990
TI  - Regulation of ethanolamine and choline phosphatide biosynthesis in isolated rat
      intestinal villus cells.
AB  - The effects of ethanolamine, choline, and different fatty acids on phospholipid
      synthesis via the CDP-ester pathways were studied in isolated rat intestinal
      villus cells. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylethanolamine was
      stimulated severalfold by the addition of ethanolamine and long-chained
      unsaturated fatty acids, while the addition of lauric acid inhibited the
      incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine. At concentrations
      of ethanolamine higher than 0.2 mM, phosphoethanolamine accumulated, but the
      concentrations of CDP-ethanolamine and the incorporation of radioactivity into
      phospatidylethanolamine did not increase further. The incorporation of
      [14C]glucose into phosphatidylcholine responded in a way similar to that of
      phosphatidylethanolamine, except that a 10-fold higher concentration of choline
      was required for maximal stimulation. CCC inhibited the incorporation of choline
      into phosphatidylcholine. In contrast with hepatocytes, villus cells did not form
      phosphatidylcholine via phospholipid N-methylation. The data indicate that, in
      intestinal villus cells, the cytidylyltransferase reactions are rate limiting in
      the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and probably also of
      phosphatidylcholine. The availability of diacylglycerol and its fatty acid
      composition may also significantly affect the rate of phospholipid synthesis.